bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parameters Design for a Parallel Hybrid Electric Bus Using Regenerative Brake Model
Authors: Ma Zilin
Published: January 2014

A design methodology which uses the regenerative brake model is introduced to determine the major system parameters of a parallel electric hybrid bus drive train. Hybrid system parameters mainly include the power rating of internal combustion engine (ICE), gear ratios of transmission, power rating, and maximal torque of motor, power, and capacity of battery. The regenerative model is built in the vehicle model to estimate the regenerative energy in the real road conditions. The design target is to ensure that the vehicle meets the specified vehicle performance, such as speed and acceleration, and at the same time, operates the ICE within an expected speed range. Several pairs of parameters are selected from the result analysis, and the fuel saving result in the road test shows that a 25% reduction is achieved in fuel consumption.
A Multistep Extending Truncation Method towards Model Construction of Infinite‐State Markov Chains
Authors: Wang Kemin , Wang Yongbin , Jiang Zhengtao , Fu Wenlong
Published: January 2014

The model checking of Infinite‐State Continuous Time Markov Chains will inevitably encounter the state explosion problem when constructing the CTMCs model; our method is to get a truncated model of the infinite one; to get a sufficient truncated model to meet the model checking of Continuous Stochastic Logic based system properties, we propose a multistep extending advanced truncation method towards model construction of CTMCs and implement it in the INFAMY model checker; the experiment results show that our method is effective.
The Application of Multiobjective Genetic Algorithm to the Parameter Optimization of Single-Well Potential Stochastic Resonance Algorithm Aimed at Simultaneous Determination of Multiple Weak Chromatographic Peaks
Authors: Deng Haishan , Xie Shaofei , Xiang Bingren , Zhan Ying , Li Wei , Li Xiaohua , Jiang Caiyun , Wu Xiaohong , Liu Dan
Published: January 2014

Simultaneous determination of multiple weak chromatographic peaks via stochastic resonance algorithm attracts much attention in recent years. However, the optimization of the parameters is complicated and time consuming, although the single-well potential stochastic resonance algorithm (SSRA) has already reduced the number of parameters to only one and simplified the process significantly. Even worse, it is often difficult to keep amplified peaks with beautiful peak shape. Therefore, multiobjective genetic algorithm was employed to optimize the parameter of SSRA for multiple optimization objectives (i.e.,S/Nand peak shape) and multiple chromatographic peaks. The applicability of the proposed method was evaluated with an experimental data set of Sudan dyes, and the results showed an excellent quantitative relationship between different concentrations and responses.
Dramatic Intracerebral Hemorrhagic Presentations of Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: Three Cases and a Literature Review
Authors: Stary Joel M. , Wang Bonnie H. , Moon Seong-Jin , Wang Huan
Published: January 2014

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) refers to a number of disorders characterized by severe and sudden-onset (“thunderclap”) headaches and angiographic features of reversible, segmental, multifocal vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries. Although RCVS generally resolves without significant sequelae, a rare and possibly underrecognized hemorrhagic presentation has a worse potential course. We report three cases of hemorrhagic RCVS and review the literature. Three females (42, 54, and 33 years old, resp.) presented with severe headache, neurological deficits, and dramatic intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Patient 1 presented comatose with a 9 × 4 × 6.6 cm left deep intraparenchymal hemorrhage (IPH) and 1 cm midline shift. She underwent emergent surgical intervention. Patient 2 had a 3.3 × 1.5 cm left superior frontal IPH that enlarged to 4 × 2.5 cm within 12 hours with worsening headache and neurological deficits. She was successfully managed nonoperatively. Patient 3, after uncomplicated pregnancy and delivery, presented with a 1.5 cm left superior parietal IPH on postpartum day 7. Two days later, she acutely developed right hemiplegia. Repeat CT demonstrated a new 3.3 × 1.7 cm left frontal IPH. She was also successfully managed nonoperatively. Many diverse conditions are grouped within the category of RCVS. Dramatic ICH remains a rare and possibly underrecognized presenting feature. Prompt diagnosis and management are essential for obtaining the best outcome.
Optimization of Milk-Based Medium for Efficient Cultivation ofBifidobacterium pseudocatenulatumG4 Using Face-Centered Central Composite-Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Abdul Khalil Khalilah , Mustafa Shuhaimi , Mohammad Rosfarizan , Bin Ariff Arbakariya , Shaari Yamin , Abdul Manap Yazid , Ahmad Siti Aqlima , Dahalan Farrah Aini
Published: January 2014

This study was undertaken to optimize skim milk and yeast extract concentration as a cultivation medium for optimalBifidobacteria pseudocatenulatumG4 (G4) biomass andβ-galactosidase production as well as lactose and free amino nitrogen (FAN) balance after cultivation period. Optimization process in this study involved four steps: screening for significant factors using 23full factorial design, steepest ascent, optimization using FCCD-RSM, and verification. From screening steps, skim milk and yeast extract showed significant influence on the biomass production and, based on the steepest ascent step, middle points of skim milk (6% wt/vol) and yeast extract (1.89% wt/vol) were obtained. A polynomial regression model in FCCD-RSM revealed that both factors were found significant and the strongest influence was given by skim milk concentration. Optimum concentrations of skim milk and yeast extract for maximum biomass G4 andβ-galactosidase production meanwhile low in lactose and FAN balance after cultivation period were 5.89% (wt/vol) and 2.31% (wt/vol), respectively. The validation experiments showed that the predicted and experimental values are not significantly different, indicating that the FCCD-RSM model developed is sufficient to describe the cultivation process of G4 using skim-milk-based medium with the addition of yeast extract.
HPV Infection in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Its Relationship to the Prognosis of Patients in Northern China
Authors: Cao Fangli , Han Hui , Zhang Fang , Wang Baozhong , Ma Wei , Wang Yanwen , Sun Guiming , Shi Miao , Ren Yubo , Cheng Yufeng
Published: January 2014

Purpose. Human papillomavirus (HPV) as a risk factor for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) has previously been studied, but importance of HPV status in ESCC for prognosis is less clear.Methods. A total of 105 specimens with ESCC were tested by in situ hybridization for HPV 16/18 and immunohistochemistry for p16 expression. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival were calculated in relation to these markers and the Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine the hazard ratio (HR) of variables in univariate and multivariate analysis.Results. HPV was detected in 27.6% (29) of the 105 patients with ESCC, and all positive cases were HPV-16. Twenty-five (86.2%) of the 29 HPV-positive tumors were stained positive for p16. HPV infected patients had better 5-year rates of OS (65.9% versus 43.4% among patients with HPV-negative tumors;P= 0.002 by the log-rank test) and had a 63% reduction in the risk of death (adjusted HR = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.16 to 0.82, andP= 0.01).Conclusions. HPV infection may be one of many factors contributing to the development of ESCC and tumor HPV status is an independent prognostic factor for survival among patients with ESCC.
Quantitative Analysis and Fingerprint Profiles for Quality Control of Fructus Schisandrae by Gas Chromatography: Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xia Yong-Gang , Yang Bing-You , Liang Jun , Yang Qi , Wang Di , Kuang Hai-Xue
Published: January 2014

This paper describes a simple, rapid, and effective quality assessment method for Fructus Schisandrae by gas chromatography-mass spectrum (GC-MS). The method was established by using specific lignan fingerprint profiles and quantitation of characteristic compounds in this herbal medicine. The GC-MS fingerprints of 15 batches ofSchisandrasamples from different regions of China showed similar lignan profiles. Five peaks were selected as characteristic peaks, and all of these were identified by using GC-MS techniques. The relative retention times of these characteristic peaks in the GC-MS fingerprint were established as an important parameter for identification ofSchisandrasamples. Meanwhile, relative peak areas may be a feasible approach to discriminate theS. chinensisandS. sphenanthera. Finally, these pharmacologically active constituents in the titled plant, schisandrins A–C and schizandrols A and B, were quantitatively determined using a validated GC-MS method.
Experimental Study on the Flow Regimes and Pressure Gradients of Air-Oil-Water Three-Phase Flow in Horizontal Pipes
Authors: Al-Hadhrami Luai M. , Shaahid S. M. , Tunde Lukman O. , Al-Sarkhi A.
Published: January 2014

An experimental investigation has been carried out to study the flow regimes and pressure gradients of air-oil-water three-phase flows in 2.25 ID horizontal pipe at different flow conditions. The effects of water cuts, liquid and gas velocities on flow patterns and pressure gradients have been studied. The experiments have been conducted at 20°C using low viscosity Safrasol D80 oil, tap water and air. Superficial water and oil velocities were varied from 0.3 m/s to 3 m/s and air velocity varied from 0.29 m/s to 52.5 m/s to cover wide range of flow patterns. The experiments were performed for 10% to 90% water cuts. The flow patterns were observed and recorded using high speed video camera while the pressure drops were measured using pressure transducers and U-tube manometers. The flow patterns show strong dependence on water fraction, gas velocities, and liquid velocities. The observed flow patterns are stratified (smooth and wavy), elongated bubble, slug, dispersed bubble, and annular flow patterns. The pressure gradients have been found to increase with the increase in gas flow rates. Also, for a given superficial gas velocity, the pressure gradients increased with the increase in the superficial liquid velocity. The pressure gradient first increases and then decreases with increasing water cut. In general, phase inversion was observed with increase in the water cut. The experimental results have been compared with the existing unified Model and a good agreement has been noticed.
Experimental Investigation of the Flow on a Simple Frigate Shape (SFS)
Authors: Mora Rafael Bardera
Published: January 2014

Helicopters operations on board ships require special procedures introducing additional limitations known as ship helicopter operational limitations (SHOLs) which are a priority for all navies. This paper presents the main results obtained from the experimental investigation of a simple frigate shape (SFS) which is a typical case of study in experimental and computational aerodynamics. The results obtained in this investigation are used to make an assessment of the flow predicted by the SFS geometry in comparison with experimental data obtained testing a ship model (reduced scale) in the wind tunnel and on board (full scale) measurements performed on a real frigate type ship geometry.
The Impact of Hybridization on the Volatile and Sensorial Profile ofOcimum basilicumL.
Authors: Costa Andréa Santos da , Arrigoni-Blank Maria de Fátima , Silva Maria Aparecida Azevedo Pereira da , Alves Mércia Freitas , Santos Darlisson de Alexandria , Alves Péricles Barreto , Blank Arie Fitzgerald
Published: January 2014

The aim of the present study was to investigate the volatile and sensorial profile of basil (Ocimum basilicumL.) by quantitative descriptive analysis (QDA) of the essential oil of three hybrids (“Cinnamon” × “Maria Bonita,” “Sweet Dani” × “Cinnamon,” and “Sweet Dani” × “Maria Bonita”). Twelve descriptive terms were developed by a selected panel that also generated the definition of each term and the reference samples. The data were subjected to ANOVA, Tukey’s test, and principal component analysis. The hybrid “Cinnamon” × “Maria Bonita” exhibited a stronger global aroma that was less citric than the other samples. Hybridization favored the generation of novel compounds in the essential oil of the hybrid “Sweet Dani” × “Maria Bonita,” such as canfora and (E)-caryophyllene; (E)-caryophyllene also was a novel compound in the hybrid “Sweet Dani” × “Cinnamon”; this compound was not present in the essential oils of the parents.
Effect of NPK and Poultry Manure on Growth, Yield, and Proximate Composition of Three Amaranths
Authors: Oyedeji Stephen , Animasaun David Adedayo , Bello Abdullahi Ajibola , Agboola Oludare Oladipo
Published: January 2014

The study compares the growth, yield, and proximate composition of Amaranthus hybridus, Amaranthus cruentus, and Amaranthus deflexus, grown with poultry manure and NPK in relation to the unfertilized soil of Ilorin, Nigeria. Viable seeds of the Amaranths raised in nursery for two weeks were transplanted (one plant per pot) into unfertilized soil (control) and soils fertilized with either NPK or poultry manure (PM) at 30 Kg ha−1 rate arranged in randomized complete block design with four replicates. Data were collected on plant height, stem girth, number of leaves, leaf area, and number of branches from 1 week after transplanting (1 WAT). Fresh weight, dry weight, and proximate composition were determined at 6 WAT. Except for the length, breadth, and number of leaves, the order of growth parameters and yield in the three Amaranthus species was NPK > PM > control. NPK grown Amaranthus species had the highest protein while PM-grown vegetables had the highest ash content. Crude fibre in A. cruentus grown with PM was significantly higher than NPK and the control. The NPK treatment of A. hybridus and A. deflexus had the highest crude fibre content. NPK and PM favoured growth and yield of the Amaranthus species but influenced proximate composition differently.
The Application of Microdosimetric Principles to Radiation Hardness Testing
Authors: Northum Jeremy D. , Guetersloh Stephen B.
Published: January 2014

Chord length distributions for rectangular parallelepipeds of various relative dimensions were studied in relation to radiation hardness testing. For each geometry, a differential chord length distribution was generated using a Monte Carlo method to simulate exposure to an isotropic radiation source. The frequency and dose distributions of chord length crossings for each geometry, as well as the means of these distributions, are presented. In every case, the dose mean chord length was greater than the frequency mean chord length with a 34.5% increase found for the least extreme case of a cube. This large increase of the dose mean chord length relative to the frequency mean chord length demonstrates the need to consider rare, long-chord-length crossings in radiation hardness testing of electronic components.
The Influence of Lead Concentration on Photocatalytic Reduction of Pb(II) Ions Assisted by Cu-TiO2Nanotubes
Authors: Sreekantan Srimala , Lai Chin Wei , Mohd Zaki Syazwani
Published: January 2014

Cu2+ions were successfully loaded into TiO2nanotubes using wet impregnation technique in 0.6 M Cu(NO3)2·3H2O solution. The effect of reaction temperatures on the nanotube’s morphology, crystal structure, and their photocatalytic reduction of Pb(II) ions were investigated. The high reaction temperature could improve the crystallinity of anatase phase. However, irregular and corrugated nanotubular surface covered with Cu precipitates was observed. In the present study, incorporation of an optimum content of Cu element (1.3 at%) into TiO2nanotubes at room temperature has an important function in enhancing the photocatalytic reduction of Pb(II) ions in alkaline condition (pH 11) due to the higher synergistic effects of photocatalytic reaction under UV illumination. The optimum concentration of Pb(II) ions for effective Pb(II) ions removal performance was found in between 20 and 60 ppm.
Research of General Deduction Optimization on PEMFC Manufacturing with Fuzzy Linguistic Analysis
Authors: Lan Tian-Syung , Huang Han-Chen , Hou Cheng-I
Published: January 2014

In control questions, multiquality parameters are the most suitable, as they are everlasting in highly complex misalignment relations; the relationship between the parameter and quality of mutual influence is complex, and often massive redundant operations must be achievable by the test installation. Because the most suitable multiquality parameter is difficult to achieve, this study designates the proton exchange membrane fuel cell as the topic, takes the inlet temperature, inlet pressure, and incoming flow speed as the controlling elements, uses conformity fuzzy meaning analysis and the ideal solution similar order by chance law (TOPSIS), and discusses the parameters to control the influences of the quality goal. As outlet temperature, outlet pressure, pressure drop do not operate after the experiment, this study uses the meaning deduction method and develops a set of the most suitable control mechanisms. The research results show that this study develops a quality decision scheme for a set of meanings by using the misalignment and a high order complexity question. It also penetrates the meaning method, which guarantees that the quality and experimental efficiency may elevate the competitive power of science and technological undertakings development, effectively economize costs, and provide a set of economies and perspectives. The multiqualities are the most suitable control plan which meets the demands of practice.
Sustainable Supply Chain Design: A Configurational Approach
Authors: Masoumik S. Maryam , Abdul-Rashid Salwa Hanim , Olugu Ezutah Udoncy , Raja Ghazilla Raja Ariffin
Published: January 2014

Designing the right supply chain that meets the requirements of sustainable development is a significant challenge. Although there are a considerable number of studies on issues relating to sustainable supply chain design (SSCD) in terms of designing the practices, processes, and structures, they have rarely demonstrated how these components can be aligned to form an effective sustainable supply chain (SSC). Considering this gap in the literature, this study adopts the configurational approach to develop a conceptual framework that could configure the components of a SSC. In this respect, a process-oriented approach is utilized to classify and harmonize the design components. A natural-resource-based view (NRBV) is adopted to determine the central theme to align the design components around. The proposed framework presents three types of SSC, namely, efficient SSC, innovative SSC, and reputed SSC. The study culminates with recommendations concerning the direction for future research.
Postpartum Ovarian Vein Thrombosis: Incidental Diagnosis at Surgery
Authors: Adesiyun Adebiyi Gbadebo , Samaila Modupeola O. A. , Ojabo Austin
Published: January 2014

Ovarian vein thrombosis is a rare clinical entity that may present in the puerperium. We report the clinical outcomes of two cases of postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis, incidentally diagnosed at laparotomy in 16-year-old and 23-year-old females. They had preoperative diagnosis of torsion tuboovarian mass and twisted pedunculated uterine fibroid, respectively. Both patients had transection and ligation of right thrombosed ovarian vein. Postoperative management included a week course of anticoagulant, antibiotics and analgesia. Postpartum ovarian vein thrombosis is a diagnosis of exclusion in the puerperium and a high index of suspicion will reduce associated morbidity and mortality.
A New Multiobjective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on Decomposition of the Objective Space for Multiobjective Optimization
Authors: Dai Cai , Wang Yuping
Published: January 2014

In order to well maintain the diversity of obtained solutions, a new multiobjective evolutionary algorithm based on decomposition of the objective space for multiobjective optimization problems (MOPs) is designed. In order to achieve the goal, the objective space of a MOP is decomposed into a set of subobjective spaces by a set of direction vectors. In the evolutionary process, each subobjective space has a solution, even if it is not a Pareto optimal solution. In such a way, the diversity of obtained solutions can be maintained, which is critical for solving some MOPs. In addition, if a solution is dominated by other solutions, the solution can generate more new solutions than those solutions, which makes the solution of each subobjective space converge to the optimal solutions as far as possible. Experimental studies have been conducted to compare this proposed algorithm with classic MOEA/D and NSGAII. Simulation results on six multiobjective benchmark functions show that the proposed algorithm is able to obtain better diversity and more evenly distributed Pareto front than the other two algorithms.
Epithelial Cyst in the Posterior Triangle of the Neck: Atypical Branchial Cyst or Cystic Lymph Node Metastasis?
Authors: Vital Domenic , Huber Gerhard F. , Pézier Thomas F. , Rössle Matthias , Probst Rudolf , Widmer Gian-Marco
Published: January 2014

We report the case of a 66-year-old man with a cervical neck mass located behind the left sternocleidomastoid muscle. To exclude malignancy, a full workup, including clinical, radiological, and cytological examination, was performed but failed to provide a definitive diagnosis. Histological analysis following excisional biopsy revealed a benign epithelial cyst, consistent with an atypically located branchial cyst. We describe an approach to the management of these neck masses and discuss several theories of the etiology of branchial cysts and how they may come to be abnormally located.
Optimization Based High-Speed Railway Train Rescheduling with Speed Restriction
Authors: Wang Li , Mo Wenting , Qin Yong , Dou Fei , Jia Limin
Published: January 2014

A decision support framework with four components is proposed for high-speed railway timetable rescheduling in case of speed restriction. The first module provides the speed restriction information. The capacity evaluation module is used to evaluate whether the capacity can fulfill the demand before rescheduling timetable based on deduction factor method. The bilayer rescheduling module is the key of the decision support framework. In the bilayer rescheduling module, the upper-layer objective is to make an optimal rerouting plan with selected rerouting actions. Given a specific rerouting plan, the lower-layer focuses on minimizing the total delay as well as the number of seriously impacted trains. The result assessment module is designed to invoke the rescheduling model iteratively with different settings. There are three prominent features of the framework, such as realized interaction with dispatchers, emphasized passengers’ satisfaction, and reduced computation complexity with a bilayer modeling approach. The proposed rescheduling model is simulated on the busiest part of Beijing to Shanghai high-speed railway in China. The case study shows the significance of rerouting strategy and utilization of the railway network capacity in case of speed restriction.
Potassium Concentration on Admission Is an Independent Risk Factor for Target Lesion Revascularization in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Honda Tsuyoshi , Fujimoto Kazuteru , Miyao Yuji , Koga Hidenobu , Ishii Masanobu
Published: January 2014

Background. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is accompanied by excessive production of catecholamines, which is characterized by a hypokalemic dip. A polymorphism of the adrenergic receptor has also been reported to be associated with target lesion revascularization (TLR) after coronary intervention.Subjects and Methods. We enrolled 276 consecutive patients with AMI within 24 hours of symptom onset, who underwent emergency coronary intervention using bare metal stents and had examinations over a 5–10-month follow-up period. The patients were divided into tertiles based on their serum potassium level on admission (low K, <3.9; mid K, ≥3.9, <4.3; and high K, ≥4.3).Results. Sixty-four TLRs were observed in the study. Increased potassium concentration was associated significantly with TLR. Patients in the high K group were about two and a half times more likely to have a TLR after AMI compared to those in the low K group. Multiple logistic analysis showed that potassium level on admission was an independent risk factor for TLR (odds ratio 1.69; confidence interval 1.04 to 2.74;P=0.036).Conclusions. These findings indicated that increased potassium levels on admission might predict TLRs in AMI patients treated with bare metal stents.
Serum Ratio of Leptin to Adiponectin in Patients with Chronic Periodontitis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Jing Ling Xu , Xin Meng Huan , Lu He , Xian’E Wang , Lin Zhang
Published: January 2014

Background. Serum ratio of leptin to adiponectin has been reported to be a useful index of insulin resistance. Since these two adipokines could also be involved in many immunoinflammatory reactions, this ratio might be associated with some inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis. The present study aims to explore the difference in serum ratio of leptin/adiponectin among patients with diabetes and periodontitis, patients with periodontitis only, and healthy people and find out the correlation between this ratio and periodontal parameters. Method. 15 patients with chronic periodontitis and type 2 diabetes, 15 patients with chronic periodontitis only, and 15 healthy controls were selected. Clinical indexes and periodontal parameters were recorded and serum leptin and adiponectin levels were tested by ELISA kits. Result. The ratio of leptin/adiponectin is significantly different among three groups; the T2 DM + CP group has the highest ratio (1.91±0.48) and the healthy group has the lowest ratio (0.65±0.13). What is more, the ratio of leptin/adiponectin has strong positive correlation with periodontal parameters (P<0.001). Conclusions. Chronic periodontitis could influence the level of adipokines in serum and change the ratio of leptin/adiponectin, and the effect would be enhanced combining with type 2 diabetes.
Revisiting Blasius Flow by Fixed Point Method
Authors: Xu Ding , Xu Jinglei , Xie Gongnan
Published: January 2014

The well-known Blasius flow is governed by a third-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation with two-point boundary value. Specially, one of the boundary conditions is asymptotically assigned on the first derivative at infinity, which is the main challenge on handling this problem. Through introducing two transformations not only for independent variable bur also for function, the difficulty originated from the semi-infinite interval and asymptotic boundary condition is overcome. The deduced nonlinear differential equation is subsequently investigated with the fixed point method, so the original complex nonlinear equation is replaced by a series of integrable linear equations. Meanwhile, in order to improve the convergence and stability of iteration procedure, a sequence of relaxation factors is introduced in the framework of fixed point method and determined by the steepest descent seeking algorithm in a convenient manner.
Effects of Delamination on Guided Waves in a Symmetric Laminated Composite Beam
Authors: Kim Seungwan , Lee Usik
Published: January 2014

For successful structural health monitoring and structural integrity evaluation of a laminated composite structure, it is important to study the effects of delamination on the propagations of the guided waves in a delaminated composite beam by using an accurate and computationally efficient method. Thus, we developed a “frequency‐domain” spectral element model for the symmetric composite beams. First‐order‐shear‐deformation‐theory (FSDT) based Timoshenko beam theory and Mindlin‐Herrmann rod theory are adopted for the flexural (bending) waves and axial (extensional) waves, respectively. A spectral element model is derived from the governing equations of motion by using the variation method in the frequency domain. After validating the accuracy of the proposed spectral element model, the model is used to investigate the effects of delamination on the propagation of guided waves in examples of composite beams.
Regulation of CDK9 Activity by Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation
Authors: Nekhai Sergei , Petukhov Michael , Breuer Denitra
Published: January 2014

HIV-1 transcription is regulated by CDK9/cyclin T1, which, unlike a typical cell cycle-dependent kinase, is regulated by associating with 7SK small nuclear ribonuclear protein complex (snRNP). While the protein components of this complex are well studied, the mechanism of the complex formation is still not fully understood. The association of CDK9/cyclin T1 with 7SK snRNP is, in part, regulated by a reversible CDK9 phosphorylation. Here, we present a comprehensive review of the kinases and phosphatases involved in CDK9 phosphorylation and discuss their role in regulation of HIV-1 replication and potential for being targeted for drug development. We propose a novel pathway of HIV-1 transcription regulation via CDK9 Ser-90 phosphorylation by CDK2 and CDK9 Ser-175 dephosphorylation by protein phosphatase-1.
An Improved Hybrid Encoding Cuckoo Search Algorithm for 0-1 Knapsack Problems
Authors: Feng Yanhong , Jia Ke , He Yichao
Published: January 2014

Cuckoo search (CS) is a new robust swarm intelligence method that is based on the brood parasitism of some cuckoo species. In this paper, an improved hybrid encoding cuckoo search algorithm (ICS) with greedy strategy is put forward for solving 0-1 knapsack problems. First of all, for solving binary optimization problem with ICS, based on the idea of individual hybrid encoding, the cuckoo search over a continuous space is transformed into the synchronous evolution search over discrete space. Subsequently, the concept of confidence interval (CI) is introduced; hence, the new position updating is designed and genetic mutation with a small probability is introduced. The former enables the population to move towards the global best solution rapidly in every generation, and the latter can effectively prevent the ICS from trapping into the local optimum. Furthermore, the greedy transform method is used to repair the infeasible solution and optimize the feasible solution. Experiments with a large number of KP instances show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its ability to achieve good quality solutions.
Novel Bifunctional Single-Chain Variable Antibody Fragments to Enhance Virolysis by Complement: Generation and Proof-of-Concept
Authors: Huber Georg , Bánki Zoltán , Kunert Renate , Stoiber Heribert
Published: January 2014

When bound to the envelope of viruses, factor H (FH), a soluble regulator of complement activation, contributes to the protection against a potent immune defense mechanism, the complement-mediated lysis (CML). Thus, removing FH from the surface renders viruses, such as HIV, susceptible to CML. For a proof of concept, we developed a construct consisting of recombinant bifunctional single-chain variable fragment (scFv) based on a monoclonal antibody against Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) envelope protein gp70, which was coupled to specific binding domains (short consensus repeats 19-20; SCR1920) of FH. We usedPichia pastorisas expression system in common shake flasks and optimized expression in high density bench top fermentation. Specific binding of recombinant scFv was proven by flow cytometry. The recombinant scFv-SCR significantly enhanced CML of F-MuLVin vitroimplying that FH binding to the viral surface was impaired by the scFv-SCR. This novel concept to enhance virolysis may provide a new approach for antiviral treatment.
Global Exponential Robust Stability of Static Interval Neural Networks with Time Delay in the Leakage Term
Authors: Chen Guiying , Wang Linshan
Published: January 2014

The stability of a class of static interval neural networks with time delay in the leakage term is investigated. By using the method ofM-matrix and the technique of delay differential inequality, we obtain some sufficient conditions ensuring the global exponential robust stability of the networks. The results in this paper extend the corresponding conclusions without leakage delay. An example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results.
Thoracic Anesthesia and Cross Field Ventilation for Tracheobronchial Injuries: A Challenge for Anesthesiologists
Authors: Sehgal Sankalp , Chance Joshua C. , Steliga Matthew A.
Published: January 2014

Tracheobronchial injuries are rare but life threatening sequel of blunt chest trauma. Due to the difficult nature of these injuries and the demanding attributes of the involved surgery, the anesthesiologist faces tough challenges while securing the airway, controlling oxygenation, undertaking one-lung ventilation, maintaining anesthesia during tracheal reconstruction, and gaining adequate postoperative pain control. Amongst the few techniques that can be used with tracheobronchial injuries, cross field ventilation is a remotely described and rarely used technique, especially in injuries around the carina. We effectively applied cross field ventilation in both our cases and the outcome was excellent.
3D Hollow Sn@Carbon‐Graphene Hybrid Material as Promising Anode for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Xiaoyu , Lv Wei , He Yan-Bing , Zhang Chen , Wei Wei , Tao Ying , Li Baohua , Yang Quan-Hong
Published: January 2014

A 3D hollow Sn@C‐graphene hybrid material (HSCG) with high capacity and excellent cyclic and rate performance is fabricated by a one‐pot assembly method. Due to the fast electron and ion transfer as well as the efficient carbon buffer structure, the hybrid material is promising in high‐performance lithium‐ion battery.
Protective Action of Antioxidants on Hepatic Damage Induced by Griseofulvin
Authors: Martinez M. del C. , Afonso S. G. , Buzaleh A. M. , Batlle A.
Published: January 2014

Erythropoietic protoporphyria (EPP) is a disease associated with ferrochelatase deficiency and characterized by the accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PROTO IX) in erythrocytes, liver, and skin. In some cases, a severe hepatic failure and cholestasis were observed. Griseofulvin (Gris) develops an experimental EPP with hepatic manifestations in mice such as PROTO IX accumulation followed by cellular damage as wells as necrotic and inflammatory processes. The antioxidant defense system was also altered. The aim was to evaluate the possible protective effect of different antioxidant compounds: trolox (Tx), ascorbic acid (Asc), the combination Tx and Asc, melatonin (Mel), and the polyphenols: ellagic acid, quercetin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, gallic acid, and ferulic acid on liver damage and oxidative stress markers in a mouse model of EPP. Coadministration of Gris with Tx, Asc, and its combination, or Mel mainly affected heme biosynthetic pathway, resulting in a decrease in ALA-S activity which was increased by Gris, while the tested polyphenols exerted a protective effect on oxidative stress, decreasing lipid peroxidation and the activity of some antioxidant enzymes. In conclusion, antioxidant compounds can only protect partially against the liver damage induced by Gris, reducing oxidative stress or acting on heme regulation.
Effects ofω-3 PUFAs Supplementation on Myocardial Function and Oxidative Stress Markers in Typical Rett Syndrome
Authors: Maffei Silvia , De Felice Claudio , Cannarile Pierpaolo , Leoncini Silvia , Signorini Cinzia , Pecorelli Alessandra , Montomoli Barbara , Lunghetti Stefano , Ciccoli Lucia , Durand Thierry , Favilli Roberto , Hayek Joussef
Published: January 2014

Rett syndrome (RTT) is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder with a 300-fold increased risk rate for sudden cardiac death. A subclinical myocardial biventricular dysfunction has been recently reported in RTT by our group and found to be associated with an enhanced oxidative stress (OS) status. Here, we tested the effects of the naturally occurring antioxidantsω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on echocardiographic parameters and systemic OS markers in a population of RTT patients with the typical clinical form. A total of 66 RTT girls were evaluated, half of whom being treated for 12 months with a dietary supplementation ofω-3 PUFAs at high dosage (docosahexaenoic acid ~71.9 ± 13.9 mg/kg b.w./day plus eicosapentaenoic acid ~115.5 ± 22.4 mg/kg b.w./day) versus the remaining half untreated population. Echocardiographic systolic longitudinal parameters of both ventricles, but not biventricular diastolic measures, improved followingω-3 PUFAs supplementation, with a parallel decrease in the OS markers levels. No significant changes in the examined echocardiographic parameters nor in the OS markers were detectable in the untreated RTT population. Our data indicate thatω-3 PUFAs are able to improve the biventricular myocardial systolic function in RTT and that this functional gain is partially mediated through a regulation of the redox balance.
Substituting Doxorubicin with Nonpegylated Liposomal Doxorubicin for the Treatment of Early Breast Cancer: Results of a Retrospective Study
Authors: Davidson Neville , Camburn Teresa , Keary Ian , Houghton David
Published: January 2014

Introduction. Evidence from the metastatic setting suggests that replacing conventional doxorubicin with nonpegylated liposomal doxorubicin (NPLD) for early breast cancer may maintain efficacy whilst reducing long-term cardiotoxicity, an important consideration with many patients going on to receive multiple lines of treatment.Methods. Consecutive patients with early breast cancer treated with NPLD were assessed for disease progression and changes in cardiac function according to left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).Results. Ninety-seven patients (median age at diagnosis 51 (32–76) years) were studied. The majority received NPLD (60 mg/m2plus cyclophosphamide 600 mg/m2) adjuvantly (79.4%) and in sequence with a taxane (79.4%; docetaxel 75 mg/m2). 80.4% had radiotherapy and 15.5% received trastuzumab. Mean time to disease recurrence was 87.0 months (80.7–93.2 [95% confidence interval]) and 5-year disease-free survival was 86.0%. Mean LVEF values remained within the normal range of ≥55% during treatment and throughout the cardiac follow-up period (median 7 months, range 1–21 months). Use of trastuzumab and age at diagnosis did not appear to influence LVEF.Conclusion. NPLD appeared to be a well-tolerated substitute for conventional doxorubicin in patients with early breast cancer.
Reliability and Fatigue Analysis in Cantilever-Based MEMS Devices Operating in Harsh Environments
Authors: Tariq Jan Mohammad , Hisham Bin Hamid Nor , Md Khir Mohd Haris , Ashraf Khalid , Shoaib Mohammad
Published: January 2014

The microelectromechanical system (MEMS) is one of the most diversified fields of microelectronics; it is rated to be the most promising technology of modern engineering. MEMS can sense, actuate, and integrate mechanical and electromechanical components of micro- and nano sizes on a single silicon substrate using microfabrication techniques. MEMS industry is at the verge of transforming the semiconductor world into MEMS universe, apart from other hindrances; the reliability of these devices is the focal point of recent research. Commercialization is highly dependent on the reliability of these devices. MEMS requires a high level of reliability. Several technological factors, operating conditions, and environmental effects influencing the performances of MEMS devices must be completely understood. This study reviews some of the major reliability issues and failure mechanisms. Specifically, the fatigue in MEMS is a major material reliability issue resulting in structural damage, crack growth, and lifetime measurements of MEMS devices in the light of statistical distribution and fatigue implementation of Paris' law for fatigue crack accumulation under the influence of undesirable operating and environmental conditions.
Library managers’ research concerns and research competencies in Iranian special libraries
Authors: Peyvand Robati Alireza , Tahavori Zahra
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate some of the concerns of Iranian special library managers regarding research and research competencies required by special librarians. In order to achieve the objectives of this study, 21 semi-structured interviews were conducted with Iranian special library managers. The results indicated that among the participants there was generally a positive view about research. However, some obstacles were encountered, such as lack of support from the administrators of the parent organization and a lack of competent librarians. The paper concludes with recommendations for expected research competencies for special librarians.
Library and Information Science students’ perceptions of m-learning
Authors: Aharony Noa
Published: January 2014

The rapid development of mobile technologies has made mobile learning (m-learning) a new trend in education. This study explores whether Library and Information Science students, whose studies and future work focus on using up-to-date technologies, are familiar with new technological innovations. The study has two objectives: (1) whether personality and individual characteristics are related to perceptions about m-learning and (2) whether differences exist according to level of education, age and gender concerning perceptions about m-learning. The research was conducted in Israel during the first semester of the 2012 academic year. Researchers used six questionnaires to gather data. Findings suggest that individual differences such as resistance to change, learning strategies, and age may predict and influence m-learning adoption. Library and Information Science educators should be aware of these individual differences while teaching and training their students. They should understand that not all students wish to adopt current technologies, either while students or later as professionals. However, since using mobile technologies is an essential activity in these times, Library and Information Science educators should augment the curriculum to maximize exposing students to these platforms. Students will then be able to compare the advantages and disadvantages of various devices in their personal and professional lives.
Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Increases High-Risk Sexual Behaviors
Authors: Ratanasiripong Nop T.
Published: January 2014

In 2006, the first human pappilomavirus (HPV) vaccine was approved for females aged 9 to 26. However, the national HPV vaccination rate among young women has been low. Public concerns were raised in regard to the fact that HPV vaccination might encourage unsafe sex. This cross-sectional study examined the differences in sexual practices between college women who have and have not obtained the HPV vaccine. Participants were 209 vaccinees and 175 nonvaccinees. A web-based survey was used. Sexual practices (numbers of sexual partners in a lifetime and in the past 12 months, condom use, condom use frequency) were not significantly different between the two groups. Among the vaccinees, the numbers of sexual partners before and after vaccination was also not significantly different. School nurses are at the frontier to advise young girls/parents on HPV vaccination before the girls engage in sexual intercourse. They may utilize these findings to address the misunderstanding that HPV vaccination encourages unsafe sex.
The mechanical strength of side-to-side tendon repair with mismatched tendon size and shape
Authors: Fridén J. , Tirrell T. F. , Bhola S. , Lieber R. L.
Published: January 2014

Tendon transfers frequently require coaptation of two mismatched tendons. In this cadaver study, ultimate load, stiffness, and Young’s modulus were measured in tendon-to-tendon attachments with mismatched donor and recipient tendons, using pronator teres (PT) to extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) to extensor digitorum communis (EDC). FCU-to-EDC attachments failed at higher loads than PT-to-ECRB attachments, but they had similar modulus and stiffness values. Ultimate tensile strength of the tendon attachments exceeded the maximum predicted contraction force of any of the transferred muscles, with safety factors of four-fold for the FCU-to-EDC and two-fold for the PT-to-ECRB transfers. This implies that size and shape mismatches should not be contraindications to tendon attachment in transfers. The strength safety factors suggest that postoperative immobilization of these transfers is unnecessary.
Long-term effects of toe transfers on the donor feet
Authors: Kotkansalo T. , Elo P. , Luukkaala T. , Vilkki S. K.
Published: January 2014

The purpose of this study was to assess the long-term consequences to the donor site of microvascular transfer of one or two toes. This was achieved retrospectively by patient-reported, clinician-based and functional testing. Weight-bearing radiographs were taken of both feet. Seventy-four patients (80 feet, 84 transferred toes) participated in this study. After a median of 16 years follow-up, most patients reported no or only minor complaints concerning the donor site. Cold intolerance and pain during exertion were the most commonly reported complaints. According to the two functional scores used, 92% of patients reported no or minor complaint and 83% of patients received a good result at the donor feet. Maintaining first ray alignment and avoiding early postoperative complications predicted a better outcome. Even though donor site ramifications should be expected after microvascular transfer of toes, patient satisfaction remains high.
Protective effects of hydrogen enriched saline on liver ischemia reperfusion injury by reducing oxidative stress and HMGB1 release
Authors: Liu Yantao , Yang Liqun , Tao Kunming , Vizcaychipi Marcela P , Lloyd Dafydd M , Sun Xuejun , Irwin Michael G , Ma Daqing , Yu Weifeng
Published: January 2014

Background

The nuclear protein high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is a key trigger for the inflammatory reaction during liver ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Hydrogen treatment was recently associated with down-regulation of the expression of HMGB1 and pro-inflammatory cytokines during sepsis and myocardial IRI, but it is not known whether hydrogen has an effect on HMGB1 in liver IRI.

Methods

A rat model of 60 minutes 70% partial liver ischemia reperfusion injury was used. Hydrogen enriched saline (2.5, 5 or 10 ml/kg) was injected intraperitoneally 10 minutes before hepatic reperfusion. Liver injury was assessed by serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) enzyme levels and histological changes. We also measured malondialdehyde (MDA), hydroxynonenal (HNE) and 8-hydroxy-guanosine (8-OH-G) levels as markers of the peroxidation injury induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). In addition, pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α and IL-6, and high mobility group box B1 protein (HMGB1) were measured as markers of post ischemia-reperfusion inflammation.

Results

Hydrogen enriched saline treatment significantly attenuated the severity of liver injury induced by ischemia-reperfusion. The treatment group showed reduced serum ALT activity and markers of lipid peroxidation and post ischemia reperfusion histological changes were reduced. Hydrogen enriched saline treatment inhibited HMGB1 expression and release, reflecting a reduced local and systemic inflammatory response to hepatic ischemia reperfusion.

Conclusion

These results suggest that, in our model, hydrogen enriched saline treatment is protective against liver ischemia-reperfusion injury. This effect may be mediated by both the anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects of the solution.