bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxygen-enhanced MRI assessment of tumour hypoxia in head and neck cancer is feasible and well tolerated in the clinical setting
Authors: McCabe Alastair , Martin Stewart , Rowe Selene , Shah Jagrit , Morgan Paul S. , Borys Damian , Panek Rafal
Published: March 2024

Background

Tumour hypoxia is a recognised cause of radiotherapy treatment resistance in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Current positron emission tomography-based hypoxia imaging techniques are not routinely available in many centres. We investigated if an alternative technique called oxygen-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (OE-MRI) could be performed in HNSCC.

Methods

A volumetric OE-MRI protocol for dynamic T1 relaxation time mapping was implemented on 1.5-T clinical scanners. Participants were scanned breathing room air and during high-flow oxygen administration. Oxygen-induced changes in T1 times (ΔT1) and R2* rates (ΔR2*) were measured in malignant tissue and healthy organs. Unequal variance t-test was used. Patients were surveyed on their experience of the OE-MRI protocol.

Results

Fifteen patients with HNSCC (median age 59 years, range 38 to 76) and 10 non-HNSCC subjects (median age 46.5 years, range 32 to 62) were scanned; the OE-MRI acquisition took less than 10 min and was well tolerated. Fifteen histologically confirmed primary tumours and 41 malignant nodal masses were identified. Median (range) of ΔT1 times and hypoxic fraction estimates for primary tumours were -3.5% (-7.0 to -0.3%) and 30.7% (6.5 to 78.6%) respectively. Radiotherapy-responsive and radiotherapy-resistant primary tumours had mean estimated hypoxic fractions of 36.8% (95% confidence interval [CI] 17.4 to 56.2%) and 59.0% (95% CI 44.6 to 73.3%), respectively (p = 0.111).

Conclusions

We present a well-tolerated implementation of dynamic, volumetric OE-MRI of the head and neck region allowing discernment of differing oxygen responses within biopsy-confirmed HNSCC.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04724096. Registered on 26 January 2021.

Relevance statement

MRI of tumour hypoxia in head and neck cancer using routine clinical equipment is feasible and well tolerated and allows estimates of tumour hypoxic fractions in less than ten minutes.

Key points

• Oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) can estimate tumour hypoxic fractions in ten-minute scanning.

• OE-MRI may be incorporable into routine clinical tumour imaging.

• OE-MRI has the potential to predict outcomes after radiotherapy treatment.

Graphical Abstract
Efficacy and safety of modified medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy
Authors: Li Hua , Wang Yao , Guo Jing , Zhang Peiqi , Xu Zheng , Peng Kai , Dong Xiaoli , Zhao Liming
Published: March 2024

Background

Medium-chain triglyceride ketogenic diet (MCTKD) is  previously less commonly used in China. This study was aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the modified MCTKD in the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy in Chinese patients.

Methods

Patients with drug-resistant epilepsy were enrolled to receive treatment with modified MCTKD in Guangdong Sanjiu Brain Hospital during December 2020 and September 2022. The modified MCTKD contained fat that provided 50–70% of the total energy, as well as proteins and carbohydrates that provided 20–30% and 20% of energy, respectively. The fat component was composed of 20–30% medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and 30–40% long-chain triglycerides. The efficacy and safety of the diet were assessed at 1, 3 and 6 months.

Results

A total of 123 patients aged 2.5 to 65 years, were included in this study. The response rates at 1, 3 and 6 months were 49.6%, 43.1%, and 30.9%, respectively. The seizure freedom rates at 1, 3 and 6 months were 12.2%, 10.6%, and 6.5%, respectively. The retention rates at 1, 3 and 6 months were 98.4%, 65.0% and 33.3% respectively. Side effects occurred in 21.14% of patients, which were predominantly gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain, diarrhea, vomiting, and constipation, and most of them resolved after dietary adjustments. A total of 82 patients (66.7%) discontinued the treatment with the reason of refusing to eat (8.1%), poor efficacy (35.0%), poor compliance (4.9%), and inability to follow-up (9.8%). Only 4 patients (3.3%) withdrew the diet due to side effects.

Conclusions

The modified MCTKD with MCTs providing 20–30% of energy has a good safety in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy, but its effectiveness needs to be enhanced. Further modifications of MCTKD with an optimal energy ratio are required to achieve a better efficacy and safety.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: New insight of the efficacy trimetazidine in patients with peripheral arterial disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Pramana Ketut Angga Aditya Putra , Cahyani Ni Gusti Ayu Made Sintya Dwi , Pintaningrum Yusra , Rahmat Basuki
Published: March 2024

Background

This review aims to examine the impact of trimetazidine on skeletal muscle function in patients suffering from peripheral artery disease (PAD).

Methods

We searched for studies, both experimental and observational research, concerning the comparison of trimetazidine administration to placebo/standard of care in patients with PAD in PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Cochrane. Meta-analyses of the included studies were performed using Review Manager v5.4. Clinical parameters [ankle-brachial index (ABI) and maximum walking distance (MWD)] were analyzed.

Results

Three observational studies involving 378 participants with PAD satisfied predefined criteria. There was no substantial difference between the examined groups’ on ABI (pre- and post-intervention) (MD = − 0.06 [− 0.19 to 0.07], p = 0.38, I2 = 90%). Meanwhile, MWD improvement was significantly higher (MD = 14.15 [6.05–22.25], p = 0.0006, I2 = 37%) in trimetazidine group than in the control group.

Conclusions

Current evidence from our meta-analysis suggests the beneficial role of trimetazidine's anti-ischemic effect in PAD patients by improving MWD, while it has an insignificant influence on ABI.
Enabling regulatory policy globally will promote realization of the potential of animal biotechnology
Authors: Hallerman Eric , Bredlau Justin , Camargo Luiz Sergio A. , Dagli Maria Lucia Zaidan , Karembu Margaret , Kovich Daniel , Muia Anne Ndanu , Murrone Mariana L. , Rocha-Salavarrieta Pedro Jesus , Romero-Aldemita Rhodora , Tizard Mark , Walton Mark , Wray-Cahen Diane
Published: March 2024

Animal biotechnologies have the potential to improve the sustainability and security of our global food systems. Government regulatory authorities are responsible for ensuring the safety of food their citizens consume, whether it is produced via conventional breeding methods or biotechnologies. While some countries have implemented animal biotechnology oversight policies, many countries have yet to develop theirs. Historically, regulatory approvals were required before products of biotechnology could enter the marketplace, and the high cost of the approval process limited the number and types of animal and plant products that sought approval. Only one biotech animal in the world that was developed for food production has reached the market under a GMO or rDNA approval process. The advent of genome editing techniques has revolutionized the scientific approach to introducing changes into DNA sequences and how biotechnology can be used to enhance agricultural breeding. Regulatory dialogs about biotechnology also have changed as a result of these new technologies. Regulatory agencies have begun to respond to these scientific advances, and a growing number of countries are looking to modernize regulatory approaches for these products, based on risk (or lack thereof) and similarity to organisms that could be produced via conventional breeding methods. Advances in animal biotechnology, especially genome editing, can accelerate the incorporation of valued phenotypes in animals, including enhanced yield, disease resistance, resilience to changing climate, and improved animal welfare, as well as food qualities valued by consumers. For animals with these biotechnology-introduced traits to enter agricultural production and reach consumers, clear risk-proportionate regulatory approaches must be in place, and to facilitate international trade of animal products, regulatory processes need to be aligned and compatible. Effective scientific public communication is crucial to build public trust in precision animal biotechnology and risk-proportionate regulatory approaches. An international workshop on regulatory approaches for animal biotechnology was convened in 2022 with 27 countries represented. We synthesize here technical progress, development of regulatory policy, and strategies for engagement with diverse publics on animal biotechnology reported in the workshop. Our goal is to encourage development and implementation of risk-proportionate regulatory approaches and policies in a global context.
Priority-enabled MQTT: a robust approach to emergency event messaging
Authors: Akshatha P S , Divyashree S , Dilip Kumar S M
Published: March 2024

This paper presents priority support in the Internet of Things to support the reliable and timely transmission of messages during emergencies. The Message Queuing Telemetry Transport protocol is a widely used IoT messaging protocol. However, it does not support the timely and fast delivery of emergency messages. In this regard, this paper proposes to classify the messages into three different queues. The RabbitMQ broker manages virtual queues based on the message type, such as First Come First Served, Critical, and Urgent. In addition, the proposed approach stores the messages in the MySQL database for further analysis. To confirm its efficacy, we compare the Urgent and Critical queues with the current First Come First Served technique in an experimental implementation. Wireshark packet analyzer is used to record packets while messages are being transmitted between clients and the broker to examine end-to-end latency, jitter, response time, and total time. The results show that the proposed approach performs better for high-priority emergency messages.
Sirtuin 3 Mediated by Spinal cMyc–Enhancer of Zeste Homology 2 Pathway Plays an Important Role in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Related Neuropathic Pain Model
Authors: Zhu Xun , Yi Hyun , Gu Jun , Liu Shue , Hayashi Kentaro , Ikegami Daigo , Pardo Marta , Toborek Michal , Roy Sabita , Li Heng , Levitt Roy C. , Hao Shuanglin
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

Clinical data demonstrate that chronic use of opioid analgesics increases neuropathic pain in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Therefore, it is important to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of HIV-related chronic pain. In this study, we investigated the role of the transcription factor cMyc, epigenetic writer enhancer of zeste homology 2 (EZH2), and sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) pathway in HIV glycoprotein gp120 with morphine (gp120M)-induced neuropathic pain in rats.

METHODS:

Neuropathic pain was induced by intrathecal administration of recombinant gp120 with morphine. Mechanical withdrawal threshold was measured using von Frey filaments, and thermal latency using the hotplate test. Spinal expression of cMyc, EZH2, and Sirt3 were measured using Western blots. Antinociceptive effects of intrathecal administration of antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against cMyc, a selective inhibitor of EZH2, or recombinant Sirt3 were tested.

RESULTS:

In the spinal dorsal horn, gp120M upregulated expression of cMyc (ratio of gp120M versus control, 1.68 ± 0.08 vs 1.00 ± 0.14, P = .0132) and EZH2 (ratio of gp120M versus control, 1.76 ± 0.05 vs 1.00 ± 0.16, P = .006), and downregulated Sirt3 (ratio of control versus gp120M, 1.00 ± 0.13 vs 0.43 ± 0.10, P = .0069) compared to control. Treatment with intrathecal antisense oligodeoxynucleotide against cMyc, GSK126 (EZH2 selective inhibitor), or recombinant Sirt3 reduced mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia in this gp120M pain model. Knockdown of cMyc reduced spinal EZH2 expression in gp120M treated rats. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that enrichment of cMyc binding to the ezh2 gene promoter region was increased in the gp120M-treated rat spinal dorsal horn, and that intrathecal administration of antisense ODN against cMyc (AS-cMyc) reversed the increased enrichment of cMyc. Enrichment of trimethylation of histone 3 on lysine residue 27 (H3K27me3; an epigenetic mark associated with the downregulation of gene expression) binding to the sirt3 gene promoter region was upregulated in the gp120M-treated rat spinal dorsal horn; that intrathecal GSK126 reversed the increased enrichment of H3K27me3 in the sirt3 gene promoter. Luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that cMyc mediated ezh2 gene transcription at the ezh2 gene promoter region, and that H3K27me3 silenced sirt3 gene transcription at the gene promoter region.

CONCLUSION:

These results demonstrated that spinal Sirt3 decrease in gp120M-induced neuropathic pain was mediated by cMyc–EZH2/H3K27me3 activity in an epigenetic manner. This study provided new insight into the mechanisms of neuropathic pain in HIV patients with chronic opioids.
Carboxyhemoglobin in Cardiac Surgery Patients and Its Association with Risk Factors and Biomarkers of Hemolysis
Authors: Maeda Akinori , Pandey Dinesh , Inokuchi Ryota , Spano Sofia , Chaba Anis , Phongphithakchai Atthaphong , Eastwood Glenn , Jahanabadi Hossein , VO Hung , Seevanayagam Siven , Motley Andrew , Bellomo Rinaldo
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is associated with hemolysis. Yet, there is no easily available and frequently measured marker to monitor this hemolysis. However, carboxyhemoglobin (CO-Hb), formed by the binding of carbon monoxide (a product of heme breakdown) to hemoglobin, may reflect such hemolysis. We hypothesized that CO-Hb might increase after cardiac surgery and show associations with operative risk factors and indirect markers for hemolysis.

METHODS:

We conducted a retrospective descriptive cohort study of data from on-pump cardiac surgery patients. We analyzed temporal changes in CO-Hb levels and applied a generalized linear model to assess patient characteristics associated with peak CO-Hb levels. Additionally, we examined their relationship with red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and bilirubin levels.

RESULTS:

We studied 38,487 CO-Hb measurements in 1735 patients. CO-Hb levels increased significantly after cardiac surgery, reaching a peak CO-Hb level 2.1 times higher than baseline (P < .001) at a median of 17 hours after the initiation of surgery. Several factors were independently associated with higher peak CO-Hb, including age (P < .001), preoperative respiratory disease (P = .001), New York Heart Association Class IV (P = .019), the number of packed RBC transfused (P < .001), and the duration of CPB (P = .002). Peak CO-Hb levels also significantly correlated with postoperative total bilirubin levels (Rho = 0.27, P < .001).

CONCLUSIONS:

CO-Hb may represent a readily obtainable and frequently measured biomarker that has a moderate association with known biomarkers of and risk factors for hemolysis in on-pump cardiac surgery patients. These findings have potential clinical implications and warrant further investigation.
Effect of Esketamine on Postoperative Delirium in Patients Undergoing Cardiac Valve Replacement with Cardiopulmonary Bypass: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Xiong Xinglong , Shao Yi , Chen Dongxu , Chen Bo , Lan Xin , Shi Jing
Published: March 2024

BACKGROUND:

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of esketamine on the risk of postoperative delirium (POD) in adults undergoing on-pump cardiac valve surgery.

METHODS:

In this randomized, triple-blind, controlled trial, 116 adult patients with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ and a New York Heart Association (NYHA) grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ who underwent cardiac valve surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass were included. Esketamine (0.25 mg/kg) or normal saline was administered intravenously before anesthesia induction. The primary outcome was POD, defined as a positive delirium assessment according to the 3-minute confusion assessment method (CAM) or the confusion assessment method for the intensive care unit (CAM-ICU) on a twice-daily basis for 7 days after surgery. Delirium duration and the delirium subtype were also recorded. The cognitive status of patients was measured according to the Mini-Mental State Examination at baseline, discharge, 30 days postoperatively and 3 months postoperatively.

RESULTS:

A total of 112 patients (mean age, 52 years; 53.6% female) were enrolled; 56 were assigned to receive esketamine, and 56 were assigned to receive placebo. POD occurred in 13 (23.2%) patients in the esketamine group and in 25 (44.6%) patients in the placebo group (relative risk [RR], 0.52, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.28–0.91; P = .018). Thirteen patients (23.2%) in the esketamine group and 24 (42.9%) patients in the placebo group had multiple episodes of delirium (RR, 0.54, 95% CI, 0.28–0.92), and 13 (23.2%) vs 22 (39.3%) patients exhibited the hyperactive subtype.

CONCLUSIONS:

A single dose of esketamine (0.25 mg/kg) injected intravenously before anesthesia induction reduced the incidence of delirium in relatively young patients with ASA grade Ⅱ or Ⅲ who underwent on-pump cardiac surgery.
Da “onda rosa” à “maré azul”:
Authors: De Freixo Adriano , Facchini da Silva Allana
Published: March 2024

Neste artigo, nos propomos a analisar as transformações ocorridas no sistema partidário uruguaio entre 2005 e 2019, situando-as dentro do contexto latino-americano de ascensão e declínio da chamada “onda rosa” e do posterior esboço de uma “maré azul”. Assim, buscamos entender as condições nas quais se deram o declínio dos partidos políticos uruguaios tradicionais; o crescimento, as vitórias eleitorais e o ciclo de governos da Frente Ampla; a rearticulação e renovação da direita tradicional e; o surgimento e fortalecimento de um novo partido de extrema-direita, o Cabildo Abierto. Finalmente, procuramos discutir e problematizar a necessidade de atualização do debate teórico sobre o sistema partidário uruguaio, tendo em vista o quadro de maior fragmentação decorrente das eleições de 2019.
cinema castanhalense nas circularidades sociais de ‘Memórias do Cine Argus’ (2014)
Authors: Oliveira Matheus
Published: March 2024

Este trabalho observa de maneira contextual e analítica o processo de interação comunitária em torno do curta-metragem “Memórias do Cine Argus”, lançado em 2014 e dirigido pelo cineasta paraense Edivaldo Moura. O filme aborda parte da trajetória do cinema de rua multicultural chamado “Cine Argus” (1938-1995), que se firmou no município de Castanhal, no estado do Pará. O texto destaca uma série de coletividades sociais firmadas na trajetória de recepção e circulação do curta-metragem e como resultado, foi identificado que o filme funciona como uma forma de preservação audiovisual das memórias que circundavam o Cine Argus ao produzir a sua própria escritura específica do cinema de rua castanhalense através das memórias de parte dos moradores do município.
Mídias no ensino remoto:
Authors: Barbosa Ana Paula , Mattosinho Bernardes Maria Eliza
Published: March 2024

O objetivo deste estudo é analisar a utilização de recursos pedagógicos midiáticos durante o ensino remoto, em uma instituição pública de ensino superior no estado de São Paulo, durante a pandemia de Covid-19. A fundamentação teórica pauta-se no enfoque histórico-cultural que proporciona reflexões teórico-práticas sobre a mediação de signos e instrumentos na formação humana e nos processos pedagógicos no ensino superior. O objeto da pesquisa de campo é delimitado pela participação de docentes em grupos focais, no contexto das TDIC. Os resultados revelam a potencialidade das mídias como recurso pedagógico, incorporadas ao ensino a partir do esforço dos professores, como possibilidade para dar continuidade ao processo educativo, apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas no período de pandemia.
Entrevista de Daniele Amado e Martina Spohr
Authors: Lopes Marcelle
Published: March 2024

Entrevista concedida por Martina Spohr e Daniele Almeida, sobre o projeto da Casa Acervo CPDOC, coordenado por elas. O projeto procura aproximar a academia das comunidades, por meio de visitas escolares, tornando público o trabalho de pesquisa, em suas variadas dimensões, colaborando para desmistificá-lo e ao mesmo tempo criando um espaço em que as teorias possam ser aplicadas na experiência dos educando. Cabe destaque a criação do Game Casa Acervo, simulador de um trabalho arquivístico, aplicativo gratuito e acessível para ser usado tanto durante as visitas, como posteriormente, em seu cotidiano.
Η ιστορική τεχνολογία και η παραγωγική διαδικασία της σπογγαλιείας στην Κάλυμνο, από τις απαρχές στην κορύφωση και την παρακμή
Authors: Ταυλάριος Ιωάννης
Published: March 2024

Αντικείμενο της παρούσας διδακτορικής διατριβής είναι η σπογγαλιεία ως παραγωγική δραστηριότητα όπως αυτή ασκήθηκε στην Κάλυμνο, κατά κύριο λόγο την περίοδο 1850-1960. Η χρονική περίοδος αυτή καλύπτει την ανάπτυξη της βιομηχανοποιημένης δραστηριότητας, την ακμή της, και τον σταδιακό μαρασμό. Η παρούσα διατριβή αποτελείται από τα εξής συνθετικά στοιχεία-τομείς της δραστηριότητας αυτής: το τεχνολογικό, το οικιστικό και το κοινωνικοοικονομικό. Το πρώτο συνθετικό στοιχείο-τομέας είναι ο τεχνολογικός, που περιλαμβάνει τις μεθόδους κατάδυσης και αλίευσης των σπόγγων, όπως αυτές εξελίχθηκαν διαχρονικά. Ακόμα περιλαμβάνει τις τεχνικές επεξεργασίας των σπόγγων, είτε αυτές ασκούνταν εν πλω, είτε επί ξηράς καθώς και τον εμπλεκόμενο εξοπλισμό διαχρονικά, τις αρχές λειτουργίας του και τις προδιαγραφές κατασκευής του. Περιλαμβάνει επίσης την ναυπηγική, προκειμένου να κατασκευάζονται και να συντηρούνται τα σπογγαλιευτικά σκάφη. Στο δεύτερο συνθετικό στοιχείο - τομέα, τον οικιστικό, περιλαμβάνονται τα κτήρια που φιλοξένησαν την δραστηριότητα ως σπογγαλιευτικές αποθήκες ή κτήρια διοίκησης, αλλά και αυτά που φιλοξένησαν τους ασκούντες την δραστηριότητα, ως κατοικίες. Ακόμα, κτήρια που αποτέλεσαν τόσο κατοικίες όσο και χώρους ανάπτυξης οικοτεχνικής δραστηριότητας. Κτήρια που εκπαίδευσαν άτομα στην σπογγαλιεία (επαγγελματικές σχολές) και κτήρια που ασκούσαν τεχνικά επαγγέλματα παρά την σπογγαλιεία, π.χ. ναυπηγεία και μηχανουργεία. Ακόμα, η ενότητα αυτή περιλαμβάνει την χωροταξική εξέλιξη των οικισμών παράλληλα με την ανάπτυξη της βιομηχανικής σπογγαλιείας, με πολύ σημαντική συσχέτιση μεταξύ τους. Το τρίτο συνθετικό στοιχείο είναι το κοινωνικοοικονομικό. Περιλαμβάνει την σύσταση της σπογγαλιευτικής επιχείρησης, την τεχνικοοικονομική ανάλυση της, το οικονομικό αποτύπωμα της βιομηχανίας στο νησί της Καλύμνου.
A feasibility study for a unified, multimodal analysis of online information foraging in health-related topics
Authors: Zörgő Szilvia , Peters Gjalt-Jorn , Jeney Anna , Shaffer David Williamson , Ruis Andrew R. , Crutzen Rik
Published: March 2024

Background Digital health literacy (DHL) is the ability to find, understand, and appraise online health-related information, as well as apply it to health behavior. It has become a core competence for navigating online information and health service environments. DHL involves solving ill-structured problems, where the problem and its solution are not clearcut and may have no single answer, such as in the process of sensemaking. We employ and expand on information foraging theory to address how experts and novices in information retrieval perform a search task. Our overarching aim is to pinpoint best practices and pitfalls in understanding and appraising health-related information online to develop a digital intervention to increase DHL and critical thinking. Methods In this feasibility study, we recruited a total of twenty participants for our expert and novice subsamples. We collected sociodemographic data with a self-developed survey, video data through an observation protocol of a 10-minute search task, as well as audio-video data via a retrospective think-aloud. The three, multimodal data streams were transcribed and aligned. Codes were developed inductively in several iterations, then applied deductively to the entire dataset. Tabularized, coded and segmented qualitative data were used to create various quantitative models, which demonstrate viability for the qualitative and statistical comparison of our two subsamples. Results Data were visualized with Epistemic Network Analysis to analyze code co-occurrences in the three aligned data streams, and with Qualitative/Unified Exploration of State Transitions to examine the order in which participants in our two subsamples encountered online content. Conclusions This paper describes our methods and planned analyses elaborated with mock figures. Quantifying qualitative data, aligning data streams, and representing all information in a tabularized dataset allows us to group data according to various participant attributes and employ data visualization techniques to pinpoint patterns therein.
Muzyczne imaginarium Erazma z Rotterdamu
Authors: Jeż Tomasz
Published: March 2024

Przedmiotem artykułu są wyobrażenia na temat muzyki rekonstruowane na podstawie piśmiennictwa Erazma z Rotterdamu. Muzyczne imaginarium tego humanisty obejmuje przede wszystkim refleksje nad rolą sztuki dźwięku w edukacji, formacji religijnej, liturgii i życiu społecznym. Uwaga, którą poświęca tej formie ludzkiej aktywności, wiąże się z wywodzonym z tradycji antycznej i patrystycznej programem odnowy moralnej (renascentia). Pragmatyczne funkcje muzyki są w tym ujęciu jednak także kluczowym elementem jego narratywu humanistycznego, eksploatowanego później i rozwijanego w piśmiennictwie szesnastowiecznych reformatorów Kościoła.
The Correspondence of Michał Antoni Hacki and Johannes Hevelius
Authors: Jasiński Maciej
Published: March 2024

Artykuł przedstawia korespondencję opata oliwskiego Michała Antoniego Hackiego (ok. 1630–1703) z gdańskim astronomem Janem Heweliuszem (1611–1687), prowadzoną nieregularnie w latach 1654–1686. Omawia obecne w niej zagadnienia, które uzupełniają dotychczasowe ustalenia dotyczące biografii obu korespondentów, w tym m.in. zainteresowania Hackiego muzyką czy przekonanie Heweliusza o niesłuszności stosowania pozycyjnych instrumentów astronomicznych zaopatrzonych w lunety. Ponadto przedstawia nieznane dotychczas okoliczności wyznaczenia gwiazdozbioru Tarczy ku czci Jana III i dedykowania mu książki Heweliusza.
W cieniu wielkiego jubileuszu. O najnowszej biografistyce Dantego
Authors: Pomierny-Wąsińska Anna
Published: March 2024

Przedmiotem tekstu jest omówienie wydanej niedawno w przekładzie na język polski biografii Dantego Alighieri pióra Alessandra Barbera. Pracę przedstawiono na tle innych rysów biograficznych tego twórcy, powstałych w ostatnich latach. W rozważaniach przyjęto perspektywę historyka, nie literaturoznawcy i filologa.
O nowożytnych wojnach religijnych, skuteczności propagandy i granicach Europy. Uwagi w związku z książką Christiana Mühlinga, Die europäische Debatte über den Religionskrieg (1679–1714) (Göttingen 2018)
Authors: Kordel Jacek
Published: March 2024

Poświęcona pojęciu wojny religijnej we francuskim, niemieckim i angielskim dziejopisarstwie oraz publicystyce przełomu XVII i XVIII w. rozprawa Christiana Mühlinga pobudza do refleksji nad treścią, metodami i skutecznością prowadzonej w epoce nowożytnej walki na pióra. Zachęca również do zastanowienia się nad rolą obszarów położonych poza dominującymi ośrodkami politycznymi i kulturalnymi Starego Kontynentu w dyskusji publicystycznej oraz ich wpływem na formowanie europejskiej opinii publicznej. Prowokuje wreszcie do postawienia pytania o możliwości i ograniczenia związane z korzystaniem z pełnotekstowych baz danych w badaniach historycznych.
A guide to pain assessment and management in adults
Authors: Ford Claire
Published: March 2024

Pain is universally experienced and extremely complex, involving the mind as well as the body. It is activated by a variety of stimuli, including biological, physical and psychological. This article seeks to provide a deeper understanding of the physiology of pain and the various classifications used in clinical practice. It also aims to raise awareness of the skills that nurses require for the assessment and management of an individual patient's pain. It explores the tools available to assist with the assessment of pain and provides an introduction to some of the management strategies that can be used to manage pain. Some of the barriers to effective pain assessment and management are also examined
CattleReview
Authors: Barrett David C
Published: March 2024

Introduction:

In this Cattle Review we consider three open access papers relating to the important topic of sustainability.
What to do and when: management of equine twin pregnancies
Authors: Wolfsdorf Karen
Published: March 2024

The use of ultrasound to diagnose pregnancy early in the mare, has aided veterinarians' ability to identify twins before fixation, allowing manual reduction to be performed with the highest success rate of delivering a single live foal. Unfortunately, when pregnancy diagnosis is delayed and dizygotic or monozygotic twins are identified post-fixation, the success rates of a normal-sized healthy foal decreases. Depending on the stage of gestation different procedures have varying degrees of invasiveness, and live foaling rates. These options may include manual and natural reduction, transvaginal ultrasound-guided reduction, oscillation, thoracic compression, cranio-cervical dislocation, transcutaneous ultrasound-guided injection and induction of abortion. Manual reduction prior to fixation has the highest success for the birth of a normal-sized single foal. Oscillation and thoracic compression are less invasive than procedures later in gestation and appear to have the best success rate before 65 days with cranio-cervical dislocation a better option later in gestation. Early identification of twins allows for determination of the optimum procedure for reduction, increasing the chances of the birth of a normal-sized individual foal.
In ricordo di Fiorenzo Toso, partner e co-autore di GEPHRAS e GEPHRAS2
Authors: Autelli Erica , Konecny Christine
Published: March 2024

In this obituary, the editors of the present special issue share memories of Professor Fiorenzo Toso, who passed away at 60 on 24 September 2022 after a short, serious illness. Erica Autelli and Christine Konecny pay their respects to the deceased with personal words and in the form of a poem written in Genoese in collaboration with the poet Alessandro Guasoni, which concludes the obituary. Fiorenzo Toso taught and researched at the University of Sassari from 2007 to 2022, first as an associate and then as a full professor. He was a recognised expert on Ligurian and, above all, Genoese, on which he wrote numerous articles and several monographs. He was also involved in GEPHRAS and GEPHRAS2, the phraseographic projects which led to the publication of this volume of the journal Linguistik online. Therefore, this special issue is dedicated to him and is entitled Fraseografia e metafraseografia delle varietà diatopiche. Studi in onore di Fiorenzo Toso (‘Phraseography and metaphraseography of diatopic varieties. Studies in honour of Fiorenzo Toso’).
La fraseografia piemontese
Authors: Giacoma Luisa
Published: March 2024

Piedmontese, a Gallo-Italic variety with numerous variants and hardly uniform spelling, has produced numerous phraseographic resources that are aimed at describing its rich idiomatic patrimony. It has also left some traces in Italian with idioms such as essere un bastian contrario ‘to be contentious’ or fare la figura del cioccolataio ‘to make a fool of oneself’. Currently, digitalized resources such as the DEP – Dizionario Elettronico Piemontese are available online and are undoubtedly valuable, but also printed dictionaries from the past still show their validity, such as the Gran Dizionario piemontese-italiano (1859) by Sant’Albino, which led Piedmont to contribute to the linguistic unification of Italy also thanks to the richness of its phraseology.
La fraseologia nei dizionari istrioto-italiano
Authors: Melchior Luca
Published: March 2024

In this paper, the treatment of phraseological elements in four bilingual dictionaries of Istriot varieties – Gallesanese, Vallese, and Rovignese – and Italian is analyzed. First, an overview of the sociolinguistic situation of Istriot in the complex linguistic reality of Croatian Istria is provided. This is followed by a concise outline of Istriot lexicography. In the empirical part, after describing the analyzed dictionaries, the research results of the treatment of phraseology in the latter are presented and discussed. Finally, some concluding remarks are made.
La objeción de conciencia en el ámbito sanitario: un equilibrio entre derechos y deberes
Authors: Pérez-Capellades Rosa Maria , Falcó-Pegueroles Anna , Ramos Pozón Sergio
Published: March 2024

La entrada en vigor de la Ley Orgánica 3/2021 sobre eutanasia en España (2021), ha propiciado un debate de relevancia en el ámbito de la bioética, como es el de la objeción de conciencia (OC) de los profesionales de la salud. Ahora bien, a pesar de que la literatura científica ha abordado esta cuestión, lo cierto es que la comprensión de los motivos subyacentes que impulsan a los profesionales a objetar no está del todo clara. Diversos autores han destacado que la OC halla sus fundamentos en creencias personales, ética profesional, aspectos emocionales y dinámicas del propio sistema. A su vez, se ha observado cómo hay posiciones diversas sobre la legitimidad de la OC, generando debates sobre su validez.
Los objetivos de este artículo son revisar el concepto objeción de conciencia en el ámbito sanitario; analizar los factores que motivan este derecho; examinar las consecuencias de la OC en la carga asistencial de los profesionales no objetores; y explorar su posible conflicto ético con la justicia distributiva en la atención sanitaria. Por último, se reflexionará sobre la posibilidad de la OC institucional y sus posibles consecuencias en los derechos de pacientes y trabajadores.
Ethos, Opposition, and Identification: Paul's Constitutive Rhetoric in 1 Thessalonians 1–3
Authors: Glowasky Michael
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Because Paul's rhetoric in 1 Thessalonians is gentle and encouraging, especially when compared with his other letters, it has typically been taken as expressing his sincere thankfulness for the Thessalonian believers' faithfulness to the gospel in the face of opposition. This reading, however, overlooks the constitutive function of Paul's rhetoric, in which he does not merely describe the character the Thessalonian believers possess, but rather ascribes to them the identity he wishes them to embody. In this essay, I argue that, when considered from a constitutive perspective, Paul's ethos, his praise for the Thessalonians' faithfulness, and their shared opposition are rhetorically constructed for the purpose of fostering a sense of identification between himself and his readers and, thereby, to encourage them in their journey of faith.
The Pre-Pentateuchal Enoch
Authors: Leuchter Mark
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Scholars have long recognized that the Second Temple–period literature regarding the figure of Enoch draws from much older traditions dating from the same general period as the pentateuchal texts that mention him. Chief among these are the genealogical narratives in Genesis 4–5, widely recognized as deriving from distinct sources. Insufficient attention, however, has been devoted to the conceptual overlaps between these sources, which point to a pre-pentateuchal tradition regarding Enoch shared by the writers behind Genesis 4–5. I argue that a pre-pentateuchal Enoch tradition connected the legendary patriarch Enoch to esoteric knowledge related to the ancestral cult and chthonic mythology, one that drew from an even older set of circumstances where rival forms of Transjordanian Yahwism took root in premonarchic Israel. The different sources behind Genesis 4–5 show awareness of this tradition even as it was transformed into a new narrative setting. This carries significant implications for the way Jewish scribes reengaged the Enoch tradition in the Second Temple period, especially in the Book of the Watchers ( 1 Enoch 1–36).
Stephen's Prophetic Speech and Luke's New Exile
Authors: Whitaker Seth
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Many understand Stephen's speech in Acts 7 as having theological implications regarding unbelieving Jews and the Jerusalem temple. In this study, however, I reassess Stephen's speech through the lens of prophetic critique and argue that his speech, based on the Hebrew prophets, is not entirely negative. Before looking closely at Stephen's speech, I provide a brief overview of the prophetic critique in Luke-Acts as well as a discussion of its interpretation and appropriation. The prophetic heritage, in which Luke portrays Stephen, calls for repentance and warns of judgment, yet may still retain hope for restoration. Although Acts is often read as a story of new exodus for early Christianity, I suggest reading the narrative (of which Stephen's speech is a plausible microcosm) as anticipating a new exile . I believe readings of Acts that highlight exile, such as the one I suggest here, have the capacity to better hold Luke's tensions and conflicts that the early Jesus movement had with late Second Temple Judaism.
Subtle Subversion: The Sioux Catholic Congress and the Preservation of the Lakota Tiospaye
Authors: Monson Paul G.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Beginning in 1891, the Sioux Catholic congresses gathered Indigenous converts from scattered Plains Sioux reservations in the wake of the Wounded Knee Massacre. In Converting the Rosebud (2018), Harvey Markowitz posits that these congresses inadvertently sustained the Lakota tradition of extended kinship, known as the tiospaye , through an "intriguing subversion" of the Catholic missionaries' aggressive program of assimilation and individualization. This article tests Markowitz's claim, and argues that the 1893 congress marked a "subversion of subversion," a critical turning point that shifted Catholic missionary political ambitions toward a Lakota renegotiation of American colonialism. It nuances prior scholarship on this topic through a reexamination of overlooked and untranslated archival sources. A reconsideration of these sources' multilayered context raises further questions for historical assessment of missionary activity in the American West and Catholic theologies of evangelization today.
Martyrs of Charity: How Philadelphia's Religious Sisters Responded to the 1918 Influenza Pandemic
Authors: Murphy Ryan P.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: When the influenza pandemic struck Philadelphia in the autumn of 1918, Archbishop Dennis Dougherty wrote to the Mothers Superior of several religious communities instructing them to close parish schools and send their non-cloistered sisters to serve as volunteer nurses throughout the city. Despite having little to no medical training, more than 2,000 sisters from various congregations responded and cared for the city's sickest patients in temporary hospitals and private homes. These Catholic sisters focused especially on Philadelphia's poor, immigrants, and communities of color—who were all especially at risk and, due to overcrowding and social segregation, among the last to be prioritized in routine medical care. Many of these stories would be lost if not for Augustinian priest and archivist Francis E. Tourscher, who in 1919 compiled a summary of the sisters' nursing work for the American Catholic Historical Society of Philadelphia. When the pandemic finally subsided, Philadelphia's Mayor Thomas B. Smith attributed the outbreak's end to the religious sisters' selfless service and tireless care for the city's poor and marginalized amid overwhelming tragedy.
Master Plans, Medical Centers, and Medicare: The Struggle to Restructure Catholic Health Care in the Diocese of Brooklyn in the 1960s
Authors: Rzeznik Thomas F.
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article examines the effort to restructure Catholic health care in the Diocese of Brooklyn during the 1960s. It looks specifically at the formation of the Catholic Medical Center of Brooklyn and Queens (CMC), an ambitious plan to unite diocesan-owned hospitals and forge the nation's first multi-institutional Catholic hospital system. Formally announced just two days before the federal government's new Medicare program launched, the plan reflected the optimism of the moment and reveals the enormous faith that Catholic health care providers placed in the promise of federal funding. But within a few short years, the system stood on the brink of collapse as administrative and financial challenges mounted. The CMC's complicated history reveals not only the internal struggle that the diocese faced in restructuring its hospitals, modernizing facilities, and creating a unified health care system but also the tensions inherent in 1960s health care reform and the limits of the public-private partnership it envisioned between the government and the voluntary health care sector.
To Lead Chaste Lives: Father John Francis Harvey and the Pastoral Care of Catholic Homosexuals
Authors: Babits Chris
Published: March 2024

Abstract: This article examines the religious and therapeutic world of American priest Father John Francis Harvey (1918–2010), founding director of Courage, an apostolate of the Catholic Church centered on ministering to Catholic homosexuals. The following offers a close reading of Harvey's first full-length book, The Homosexual Person: New Thinking in Pastoral Care , published in 1987. I argue that though Harvey borrowed from the psychological thought that influenced the Protestant ex-gay movement, he offered a distinctly Catholic form of pastoral counseling for homosexuals that advanced Courage's religious and therapeutic goal of chastity, rather than the Protestant ex-gay ministry groups' focus on heterosexual conversion.
Actio Ecclesiae : The Participation of the Lay Christian Faithful in the Liturgy of the Hours (c. 1174 §2)
Authors: Law Cyril J.
Published: March 2024

ABSTRACT: Canon 1174 §2 of the 1983 Latin code states that the Christian faithful are earnestly invited to participate in the celebration of the liturgy of the hours according to circumstances. This study addresses the following questions: How does this canon relate to liturgical law? What are the sources and history behind this short canon? What is expected of the faithful in the celebration of the liturgy of the hours as envisioned by the renewed rite following the Second Vatican Council? To be discussed are also ecclesiological reflections on the celebration of the liturgy of the hours and practicalities concerning participation. With the use of canonical measures, the Church fulfills her duty of sanctifying the People of God, who pray without ceasing.
Some Recent Arguments for Christ's Earthly Beatific Vision and Aquinas's Own Argument in Summa Theologiae III, qq. 9 and 34
Authors: Gaine Simon Francis
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Since around the middle of the twentieth century, the conviction of St. Thomas Aquinas that Jesus Christ enjoyed the beatific vision throughout his earthly lifetime, from the moment of his conception, has been much criticized in Catholic theology. More recently, some followers of Aquinas, including Thomas Joseph White, O.P., and Simon Francis Gaine, O.P., have argued for Aquinas's position but with different arguments from the one Aquinas proposed for his conclusion in the Summa theologiae . This article examines the value of adding such arguments to Aquinas's own in response to a different assessment of the arguments, proposed recently in The Thomist by Joshua Lim. It supports a reading of Aquinas's argument in the Summa theologiae different from Lim's presentation and in that light concludes that it cannot bear all the weight Lim attributes to it, thereby leaving more space for other arguments, such as those of White and Gaine, to participate in the debate.
Fabrication of multilevel metalenses using multiphoton lithography: from design to evaluation
Authors: Vanmol Koen , Abdul Nazar Al Ameen , Thienpont Hugo , Ferranti Francesco , Van Erps Jürgen
Published: March 2024

We present a procedure for the design of multilevel metalenses and their fabrication with multiphoton-based direct laser writing. This work pushes this fast and versatile fabrication technique to its limits in terms of achievable feature size dimensions for the creation of compact high-numerical aperture metalenses on flat substrates and optical fiber tips. We demonstrate the design of metalenses with various numerical apertures up to 0.96, and optimize the fabrication process towards nanostructure shape reproducibility. We perform optical characterization of the metalenses towards spot size, focusing efficiency, and optical functionality with a fiber beam collimation design, and compare their performance with refractive and diffractive counterparts fabricated with the same technology.
Near-perfect absorption of a honeycomb metasurface through QBICs
Authors: Zhang Haosen , Wu Kedi , Wang Guo Ping
Published: March 2024

All-dielectric high-Q metasurface absorbers based on quasi-bound states in the continuum (QBICs) are essential for optical and photonic devices. However, achieving perfect absorption requires adding back reflectors at the bottom or placing at least four asymmetric elements in each unit of monolayer metasurfaces, which will increase the design complexity. This work proposes a honeycomb structure with units periodically arranged as a hexagonal lattice. Each unit cell is made of two nanopost elements. By only tuning the radius difference of two elements to break the in-plane symmetry, two orthogonal QBIC modes corresponding to toroidal dipole (TD) and electric dipole (ED) modes are excited, respectively. The maximum absorption reaches 92.3% at 955 nm with a Q factor of 1501, breaking the monolayer limit of 50% by the degenerate critical coupling. Our work may provide a promising route for designing high-Q all-dielectric metasurface absorbers applied in ultrafast optoelectronic devices.
Energy-flow-reversing dynamics in vortex beams: OAM-independent propagation and enhanced resilience
Authors: Yan Wenxiang , Gao Yuan , Yuan Zheng , Long Xian , Chen Zhaozhong , Ren Zhi-Cheng , Wang Xi-Lin , Ding Jianping , Wang Hui-Tian
Published: March 2024

Since their discovery in the 1990s, vortex beams, known for their
ability to carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), have found
substantial applications in optical manipulation and high-dimensional
classical and quantum information communication. However, their
inherent diffraction in free space, resulting in OAM-dependent beam
expansion, has constrained their utility in spatial mode multiplexing
communication, fiber optic transmission, and particle manipulation.
These domains necessitate vortex beams with OAM-independent
propagation characteristics. Addressing this, we report an approach
that employs the energy redistribution mechanism to reverse the radial
energy flows of traditional vortex beams, thereby presenting
iso-propagation vortex beams (IPVBs) with OAM-independent propagation
dynamics. These IPVBs, attributed to their reversed radial energy
flows, maintain resilience in diverse environments, from free space to
challenging media, including sustaining their form post-damage,
retaining consistent intensity in lossy media, and experiencing
reduced modal scattering in atmospheric turbulence. Their unique
features position IPVBs as promising candidates for applications in
imaging, microscopy, optical communication, metrology, quantum
information processing, and light-matter interactions. Case studies
within optical communication reveal that the IPVB basis potentially
unlocks a broader spectrum of data channels, enhancing information
capacity over traditional spatial multiplexing techniques.