bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Penerapan Pendekatan Kontekstual dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Cerita pada Materi Perbandingan dan Skala terhadap Siswa SMP
Authors: Agnesti Yuni , Amelia Risma
Published: November 2021

AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pembelajaran yang kurang terhubung dengan kehidupan nyata, sehingga siswa kurang paham dengan pembelajaran. Penyebabnya adalah karena cara mengajar guru yang masih terlalu berpatokan pada buku pelajaran. Solusinya, peneliti menerapkan model pembelajaran pendekatan kontekstual. Pendekatan Kontekstual merupakan pendekatan dengan konsep belajar yang mengaitkan materi dengan kehidupan nyata. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui penerapan pendekatan kontesktual terhadap siswa kelas VIII SMP terhadap materi perbandingan dan skala. Sampel penelitian yaitu siswa kelas VIII A SMP Pasundan Rongga 2019/2020.  Instrumen penelitian adalah soal tes  berbentuk uraian dan pedoman wawancara. Penelitian mengacu pada, siswa dapat menyelesaikan soal cerita dengan langkah-langkahnya, siswa mengerjakan sesuai intruksi.Hasil analisis data wawancara, bahwa penerapan pendekatan kontekstual terhadap siswa kelas VIII SMP Pasundan Rongga masih mengalami kesulitan dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita. AbstractThis research is motivated by learning that is less connected to real life, so students lack an understanding of learning. The reason is because of the way to teach teachers who still rely too much on textbooks. The solution, researchers apply a learning model of contextual approaches. A contextual Approach is an approach to the concept of learning that links material with real life. This type of research is qualitative research. The purpose of this study was to determine the application of the contextual approach to eighth-grade students of SMP on comparison and scale material. The research sample is students of class VIII A, Pasundan Cavity 2019/2020. The instrument in this study was a test item in the form of a description and interview guidelines. Research refers to, students can solve story problems with steps, students work according to instructions. The results of the interview data analysis show that the application of the contextual approach to the eighth-grade students of Pasundan Rongga Middle School still had difficulty in completing story questions.
Etnomatematika: Pengenalan Bangun Datar Melalui Konteks Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa
Authors: Lisnani Lisnani , Zulkardi Zulkardi , Putri Ratu Ilma Indra , Somakim Somakim
Published: November 2021

AbstrakEtnomatematika merupakan integrasi antara kebudayaan dan matematika sebagai salah satu usaha memperkenalkan budaya dan matematika secara bersamaan. Salah satu bentuk etnomatematika misalnya bangun bersejarah di kota Palembang yaitu Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengeksplorasi hubungan antara matematika dan budaya dalam seni arsitektur pada Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa dan mengenalkan konsep bangun datar melalui konteks Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa. Penelitian ini tergolong deskriptif kualitatif dengan studi pustaka. Subjek penelitian adalah salah seorang petugas Museum. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan prinsip etnografi melalui observasi, wawancara, dokumentasi, dan catatan lapangan. Teknik analisis data berupa hasil wawancara dan dokumentasi yang dikaitkan dengan kebudayaan dan matematika. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu eksplorasi hubungan antara matematika dan budaya, terutama dalam seni arsitektur pada Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa dan adanya konsep matematika yaitu bangun datar dari eksplorasi Museum Negeri Sumatera Selatan Balaputera Dewa. Ethnomathematics: Introduction of Plane Figure Through the Context of the South Sumatra State Museum Balaputera DewaAbstractEthnomathematics is an integration between culture and mathematics as an effort to introduce culture and mathematics simultaneously. One form of ethnomathematics, for example, is a historic building in the city of Palembang, namely the State Museum of South Sumatra Balaputera Dewa. The purpose of this research is to explore the relationship between mathematics and culture in architectural arts at the State Museum of South Sumatra Balaputera Dewa and introducing the concept of flat wakes through the context of the State Museum of South Sumatra Balaputera Dewa. This research is classified as descriptive qualitative with literature study. The research subject is one of the museum officers. Data collected using ethnographic principles through observation, interviews, documentation, and field notes. The data analysis technique was in the form of interviews and documentation related to culture and mathematics. The results of this study are the exploration of the relationship between mathematics and culture, especially in the art of architecture at the State Museum of South Sumatra Balaputera Dewa and the existence of a mathematical concept, namely the flat shape of the exploration of the Museum Negeri South Sumatra Balaputera Dewa.
Strategi Motivasi Green’s, Gaya Baru Pembelajaran Matematika pada Siswa Kemampuan Rendah di Indonesia
Authors: Siregar Indra , Sari Veny Triyana Andika
Published: November 2021

AbstrakTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan deskripsi mengenai pembelajaran matematika yang menerapkan strategi motivasi Green’s mampu mendorong siswa yang memiliki kemampuan rendah semangat saat pembelajaran berlangsung. Gambaran pada artikel ini berupa penjelasan yang lebih rinci dibandingkan artikel sebelumnya, karena adanya foto siswa yang memperlihatkan tanggapan positif pada saat pembelajaran matematika menggunakan strategi motivasi Green’s berlangsung. Metode pembelajaran matematika dengan strategi motivasi Green’s terdiri dari empat prinsip yaitu mengukapkan bukti dari permasalahan, tersampaikannya aspirasi tinggi, memberikan opini (komentar) dan memberikan nilai atau hadiah. Metode penelitian berupa kualitatif dasar. Hasilnya berupa pendeskripsian pembelajaran matematika dengan menerapkan Green’s Motivational Strategies merupakan gaya baru pembelajaran matematika karena dapat memunculkan motivasi dan kepercayaan diri. Oleh karena itu, pembelajaran matematika dengan menerapkan strategi motivasi Green’s perlu dipertimbangkan untuk menjadi salah satu pembelajaran matematika gaya baru khususnya pada pendidikan matematika Indonesia.  Green's Motivation Strategies, A New Style of Mathematics Learning in Low Ability Students in IndonesiaAbstractThe purpose of this study is to provide a description of mathematics learning that applies Green's motivation strategy to be able to encourage students who have low enthusiasm when learning takes place. The description in this article is a more detailed explanation than the previous article because there are photos of students who show positive responses when learning mathematics using Green's motivation strategy takes place. The mathematics learning method with Green's motivational strategy consists of four principles, namely providing evidence of the problem, conveying high aspirations, providing opinions (comments), and providing value (gifts). The research method is a basic qualitative. The result is a description of mathematics learning by applying Green's Motivational Strategies, which is a new style of learning mathematics because it can generate motivation and self-confidence. Therefore, learning mathematics by applying Green's motivational strategy needs to be considered to be a new style of mathematics learning, especially in Indonesian mathematics education.
α-Lipoic Acid Has the Potential to Normalize Copper Metabolism, Which Is Dysregulated in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Metsla Kristel , Kirss Sigrid , Laks Katrina , Sildnik Gertrud , Palgi Mari , Palumaa Teele , Tõugu Vello , Palumaa Peep
Published: November 2021

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is an age-dependent progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the most common cause of dementia. The treatment and prevention of AD present immense yet unmet needs. One of the hallmarks of AD is the formation of extracellular amyloid plaques in the brain, composed of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptides. Besides major amyloid-targeting approach there is the necessity to focus also on alternative therapeutic strategies. One factor contributing to the development of AD is dysregulated copper metabolism, reflected in the intracellular copper deficit and excess of extracellular copper. Objective: In the current study, we follow the widely accepted hypothesis that the normalization of copper metabolism leads to the prevention or slowing of the disease and search for new copper-regulating ligands. Methods: We used cell culture, ICP MS, and Drosophila melanogaster models of AD. Results: We demonstrate that the natural intracellular copper chelator, α-lipoic acid (LA) translocates copper from extracellular to intracellular space in an SH-SY5Y-based neuronal cell model and is thus suitable to alleviate the intracellular copper deficit characteristic of AD neurons. Furthermore, we show that supplementation with LA protects the Drosophila melanogaster models of AD from developing AD phenotype by improving locomotor activity of fruit fly with overexpression of human Aβ with Iowa mutation in the fly brain. In addition, LA slightly weakens copper-induced smooth eye phenotype when amyloid-β protein precursor (AβPP) and beta-site AβPP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) are overexpressed in eye photoreceptor cells. Conclusion: Collectively, these results provide evidence that LA has the potential to normalize copper metabolism in AD.
Biomarkers for C9orf7-ALS in Symptomatic and Pre-symptomatic Patients: State-of-the-art in the New Era of Clinical Trials
Authors: Querin Giorgia , Biferi Maria Grazia , Pradat Pierre-Francois
Published: November 2021

The development of new possible treatments for C9orf72-related ALS and the possibility of early identification of subjects genetically at risk of developing the disease is creating a critical need for biomarkers to track neurodegeneration that could be used as outcome measures in clinical trials. Current candidate biomarkers in C9orf72-ALS include neuropsychology tests, imaging, electrophysiology as well as different circulating biomarkers. Neuropsychology tests show early executive and verbal function involvement both in symptomatic and asymptomatic mutation carriers. At brain MRI, C9orf72-ALS patients present diffuse white and grey matter degeneration, which are already identified up to 20 years before symptom onset and that seem to be slowly progressive over time, while regions of altered connectivity at fMRI and of hypometabolism at [18F]FDG PET have been described as well. At the same time, spinal cord MRI has also shown progressive decrease of FA in the cortico-spinal tract over time. On the side of wet biomarkers, neurofilament proteins are increased both in the CSF and serum just before symptom onset and tend to slowly increase over time, while poly(GP) protein can be detected in the CSF and probably used as target engagement marker in clinical trials.
Taking the Time to Assess Cognition in Parkinson’s Disease: The Clock Drawing Test
Authors: Srivastava Hemant , Joop Allen , Memon Raima A. , Pilkington Jennifer , Wood Kimberly H. , Natelson Love Marissa , Amara Amy W.
Published: November 2021

Background: Cognitive impairment is common and disabling in Parkinson’s disease (PD). Cognitive testing can be time consuming in the clinical setting. One rapid test to detect cognitive impairment in non-PD populations is the Clock Drawing Test (CDT), which calls upon the brain’s executive and visuospatial abilities to draw a clock designating a certain time. Objective: Test the hypothesis that PD participants would perform worse on CDT compared to controls and that CDT would correlate with other measures of cognition. Methods: This study evaluated two independent CDT scoring systems and differences in CDT performance between PD (N = 97) and control (N = 54) participants using a two-sample t-test. Pearson’s correlations were conducted between the CDT and tests of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) and vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Test); executive function (Trails B-A); and global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to determine cut points on the CDT that identify individuals who need additional cognitive testing. Results: PD participants had worse performance on CDT compared to controls. The CDT was correlated with executive function (Trails B-A) and global cognition (Montreal Cognitive Assessment). The CDT correlated with vigilance (Psychomotor Vigilance Task) only in healthy controls. However, the CDT was not correlated with measures of sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale) in either group. A cut point of 9 on the Rouleau scale and 18 on the Mendez scale identified PD participants with cognitive impairment. Conclusion: The CDT is a rapid clinical cognitive assessment that is feasible in PD and correlates with other measures of cognition.
Biomarkers of Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and Neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s Disease: A Cerebrospinal Fluid-Based Study
Authors: Liguori Claudio , Stefani Alessandro , Fernandes Mariana , Cerroni Rocco , Mercuri Nicola Biagio , Pierantozzi Mariangela
Published: November 2021

Background: Several biomarkers have been evaluated in Parkinson’s disease (PD); cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of lactate may reflect cerebral metabolism function and CSF amyloid-β42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau) and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) concentrations may detect an underlying neurodegenerative process. Objective: CSF levels of lactate, Aβ42, t-tau, and p-tau were measured in patients with mild to moderate PD. CSF levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolite 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) were also assessed, exploring their relations with the other CSF biomarkers. Methods: 101 drug-naive PD patients and 60 controls were included. Participants underwent clinical assessments and CSF biomarker analysis. Patients were divided into subgroups according to their Hoehn & Yahr stage (PD-1, PD-2, PD-3). Results: PD patients showed higher lactate levels (M = 1.91; p = 0.03) and lower Aβ42 (M = 595; p < 0.001) and DA levels (M = 0.32; p = 0.04) than controls (Mlactate = 1.72; MAβ42 = 837; MDA = 0.50), while no significant differences were found in t-tau, p-tau and DOPAC concentrations. Considering the subgroup analysis, PD-3 group had higher lactate (M = 2.12) and t-tau levels (M = 333) than both PD-1 (Mlactate = 1.75, p = 0.006; Mt - tau = 176, p = 0.008) and PD-2 groups (Mlactate = 1.91, p = 0.01; Mt - tau = 176, p = 0.03), as well as the controls (Mlactate = 1.72, p = 0.04; Mt - tau = 205, p = 0.04). PD-2 group showed higher lactate levels than PD-1 group (p = 0.04) and controls (p = 0.03). Finally, CSF lactate levels negatively correlated with DA (r = –0.42) and positively with t-tau CSF levels (r = 0.33). Conclusion: This CSF-based study shows that lactate levels in PD correlated with both clinical disease progression and neurodegeneration biomarkers, such as tau proteins and DA. Further studies should explore the clinical potential of measuring CSF biomarkers for better understanding the role of brain energy metabolism in PD, for research and therapeutic options.
Electronic and structural features of uranium-doped graphene: DFT study
Authors: Al-Haideri Lina Majeed Haider , Cakmak Necla
Published: November 2021

Electronic and structural features of uranium-doped models of graphene (UG) were investigated in this work by employing the density functional theory (DFT) approach. Three sizes of models were investigated based on the numbers of surrounding layers around the central U-doped region including UG1, UG2, and UG3. In this regard, stabilized structures were obtained and their electronic molecular orbital features were evaluated, accordingly. The results indicated that the stabilized structures could be obtained, in which their electronic features are indeed size-dependent. The conductivity feature was expected at a higher level for the UG3 model whereas that of the UG1 model was at a lower level. Energy levels of the highest occupied and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (HOMO and LUMO) were indeed the evidence of such achievement for electronic conductivity features. As a consequence, the model size of UG could determine its electronic feature providing it for specified applications.
Language Modeling with Reduced Densities
Authors: Bradley Tai-Danae , Vlassopoulos Yiannis
Published: November 2021

This work originates from the observation that today's state-of-the-art statistical language models are impressive not only for their performance, but also---and quite crucially---because they are built entirely from correlations in unstructured text data. The latter observation prompts a fundamental question that lies at the heart of this paper: What mathematical structure exists in unstructured text data? We put forth enriched category theory as a natural answer. We show that sequences of symbols from a finite alphabet, such as those found in a corpus of text, form a category enriched over probabilities. We then address a second fundamental question: How can this information be stored and modeled in a way that preserves the categorical structure? We answer this by constructing a functor from our enriched category of text to a particular enriched category of reduced density operators. The latter leverages the Loewner order on positive semidefinite operators, which can further be interpreted as a toy example of entailment.
Eficiencia de la absorción de cobre (Cu) y cromo (Cr), una propuesta de fitorremediación de efluentes mediada por Typha domingensis
Authors: Samudio Oggero Antonio , Nakayama Héctor , Avalos Claudia Raquel , Cantero Isaura , Benitez Juan Venancio , Ayala José , Elkhalili Ryad , Peralta Inocencia
Published: November 2021

El rápido crecimiento de la población mundial y la consecuente demanda de recursos naturales se reflejan en los problemas medioambientales que afectan a todo el planeta, uno de estos problemas es la creciente contaminación de los recursos hídricos por metales pesados. El Paraguay no escapa a esta problemática, la contaminación de ríos, arroyos y lagos aumenta progresivamente, siendo uno de los componentes más peligrosos el alto contenido de metales pesados. Typha dominguensis, más conocida como totora (Sudamérica), es una planta palustre, cosmopolita, ampliamente adaptada tanto en la región Oriental como Occidental del Paraguay. Esta especie es estudiada por sus propiedades de biorremediación de aguas contaminadas. En el Centro Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones Tecnológicas CEMIT/UNA se llevó a cabo el experimento para evaluar la absorción de metales pesados comúnmente encontrados en aguas residuales: cromo y cobre, en soluciones acuosas, en tres concentraciones diferentes, en tres repeticiones. El diseño utilizado fue el de completamente al azar. En el invernadero del CEMIT se acondicionaron plantas de T. domingensis dispuestos en baldes conteniendo 50 L de solución metálica, cada balde contuvo 5 plantas. Las plantas inicialmente fueron aclimatadas por un periodo de 30 días, posteriormente fueron expuestas a las soluciones metálicas. Se tomaron valores de la solución metálica del contenido   de   cromo,  cobre,  pH,  O2,  Tº,  los  días  1,  17 y 45, a partir de la exposición, las muestras fueron analizadas en el Laboratorio de Calidad de Aguas  del  CEMIT/UNA.  Se  utilizó  como testigo  soluciones metálicas sin el tratamiento con las plantas de T. dominguensis y plantas sin contacto con las soluciones metálicas.  Los resultados fueron cotejados por el programa estadístico InfoStat® realizando un ANOVA y test de Tukey. Los resultados indicaron diferencias significativas en la remoción del contenido de cobre y cromo en las tres concentraciones de soluciones metálicas, demostrado de esta manera que la planta tiene la capacidad de absorber metales pesados, sin embargo en los testigos (soluciones metálicas sin plantas) no se observaron cambios en el contenido de estos dos metales.
Vocablos y expresiones del español antiguo, y una creencia peninsular, conservados en la cultura rural del Paraguay
Authors: Aguilera Jiménez Domingo Adolfo
Published: November 2021

En este artículo se analizan algunas expresiones y una creencia de la cultura española o gallega antigua, registradas en la novela La madre Naturaleza (1887), de la escritora Emilia Pardo Bazán (1851-1921), y que están conservadas en la lengua guaraní y la cultura rural del Paraguay. Expresiones como ¡hasta verte, Jesús mío!, que se decía al tomarse una copa, mi ama como tratamiento nobiliario antiguo, Dios se lo pague, como agradecimiento, entre otras, y la creencia de no mojar los pies enseguida después de descalzar porque puede provocar “un mal” son parte de este repertorio folclórico heredado. La comprobación de la vigencia de dichas piezas se realizó a través de los corpus escritos de la lengua guaraní, y las que no figuran en ellos, a través de una consulta realizada a informantes de la capital y algunos departamentos de la región Oriental del país. Las zonas donde se realizaron estas consultas son Asunción, departamentos de Caazapá, Central, Concepción, Ñeembucú y Paraguarí. Igualmente, se estudia una lista de préstamos del español antiguo, algunos en desuso en la lengua castellana actual, pero que siguen vigentes en el repertorio oral del guaraní.
Historis Periodesasi Perkembangan Hadis dari Masa ke Masa (Rasulullah, Sahabat, Tabi’in)
Authors: Zaenuri  , Zaqiyatul Munawaroh Rahmah
Published: November 2021

In the study of this discussion, the author explains the history of the development and codification of hadith from the time of the prophet, the companions and the tabi’in. things like this are certainly very important and basic before studying more broadly about hadith. The urgency of the purpose of this discussion is to study the history of hadith from time to time. This paper is expected to be an entry point in studying other hadith sciences, both in terms of their distribution, as seen from the number of narrators of their quality. The type of research method used in this research is a study of literature or literature with a descriptive qualitative approach. The result of this discussion is the development of hadith at this time, the Muslim community still does not understand hadith or write hadith. At this time the prophet always emphasized to his companions to understand the hadith and convey it to Muslims. The companies themselves are considered to have received a lot of hadith and some are also few due to factors of residence, area, age and so on. One of the greatest policies of the prophet regarding the maintenance of both of them was to command the companions to memorize and write the Qur’an, and officially appointed a revelation writer who was in charge of recording every verse of the Qur’an that was revealed under the direct instructions of the Prophet SAW. Many of the property's traditions, so the tabi’in, who are the companions’ disciples, also collect a lot of the prophet’s hadiths and even this collection is arranged in an orderly manner. The method used by the tabi’in in collecting and recording hadith is through meetings (al-talaqqi) with their friends and then the record what they get from the meeting.
Légiforgalmi áramlásszervezési eljárások bevezetése a Magyar Honvédség repülőterein
Authors: Paulov Attila
Published: November 2021

A Zrínyi 2026. Honvédelmi és Haderőfejlesztési Programnak köszönhetően a katonai légi forgalom folyamatosan növekszik hazánkban. Az új légi járművek beszerzésével, továbbá a rendszerben tartott típusokkal régiós szinten is jelentős légi forgalmat bonyolít le a Magyar Honvédség. Az eszközpark fejlesztésével párhuzamosan előtérbe helyeződött a katonai légiforgalmi szervezési rendszer további fejlesztésének az igénye is, amely képes válaszolni a megnövekedett forgalmi igények adta kihívásokra. A kiképzési repülések és szállítófeladatok növekedése, az ezzel párhuzamosan megrendezésre kerülő hazai és nemzetközi gyakorlatok, valamint a jövőben várható további légijármű-típusok megjelenése már olyan mértékű és komplexitású forgalmat fog generálni a katonai légiforgalmi szolgálatok számára, amelyek áramlásszervezési eljárások bevezetését és alkalmazását fogják generálni. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy bemutassa a légiforgalmi áramlásszervezés általános eljárásait és fázisait, technológiai eszközeit, bemutassa a Magyar Honvédségben alkalmazott alapszintű eljárásokat, továbbá rámutasson a lehetséges fejlesztési lehetőségekre, beavatkozási pontokra.
Pilóta nélküli légijármű-rendszerek tanúsítása
Authors: Sándor Zsolt , Pusztai Máté
Published: November 2021

A 2019-ben elfogadott pilóta nélküli légi járművekre vonatkozó specifikus EU-s jogszabályok megjelenésének hatására jelentős változások várhatók ezen eszközök piacán. A jogszabályok a gyártástól egészen a felhasználásig részletesen szabályozzák a tevékenységek elvégzésének módját az eszközökkel kapcsolatosan. A megfelelőségértékelő szervezetek és a tanúsító szervezetek szerepe jelentősen megnövekszik az új EU-s és nemzeti szabályok révén, és fokozott szerepet kap a termékbiztonság és a típusalkalmasság. Előbbiből alakult ki a termékbiztonsági lánc, amely két fő részből áll: a megfelelőségértékelés és a piacfelügyelet. Jelen cikkben mind a két részt bemutatják a szerzők, és ismertetik a különböző ellenőrzési megközelítéseket is az egyes szegmensekhez kapcsolódóan. A téma tárgyalásánál figyelembe kell venni, hogy a pilóta nélküli légi járművek olyan eszközök, amelyek felhasználása fokozott biztonsági és védelmi kockázatot hordoz, amelyek kezelését a tervezéstől a gyártáson át egészen a végső felhasználásig a termék teljes életútja során meg kell valósítani.
A Covid-19 kiberbiztonsági kihívásai az első hullám idején
Authors: Katona Gergő
Published: November 2021

2019 végén Kínában jelent meg, majd rövid időn belül az egész világon elterjedt egy újfajta vírus, amely az általunk ismert világ  berendezkedését átformálta. Világszerte kijárási korlátozásokat vagy éppen tilalmat rendeltek el, amivel a köznyelvben koronavírusként ismert SARS-CoV-2 vírus terjedését próbálták, illetve a mai napig próbálják lassítani. A védelmi intézkedések az élet  számos területére nagy hatást gyakoroltak, a gazdasági tevékenységek számos országban szinte teljesen leálltak, emberek milliói  veszítették el az állásukat. Egyik napról a másikra egyes közigazgatási szerveknek és a gazdasági vállalatok nagy részének át kellett  költözni az online térbe. Ezen átállás számos kiberbiztonsági kihívást rejtett magában. Jelen cikkben megvizsgálom és csoportosítom,  hogy milyen támadások voltak jelen a kibertérben az első hullám idején. Illetve megvizsgálom, hogy a hazai kiberbiztonsági szakértők az egyes fenyegetéseket mennyire tartják kockázatosnak szervezetükre nézve.
A megfigyelés és a kínai típusú szociális kreditrendszer társadalmi megítélése
Authors: Magas Bianka
Published: November 2021

A mesterséges intelligencia egyre nagyobb teret nyer magának mindennapjainkban, az általunk használt  eszközök, szolgáltatások révén megkerülhetetlen részét  képezi életünknek. Számtalan felhasználási területe közül a  lakosság állami, vállalati megfigyelését egyre nagyobb  érdeklődés övezi. Az állampolgárokról hatalmas  mennyiségben gyűjtött adatok mesterséges intelligenciával  való feldolgozása, kiértékelése számos ajtót megnyit az azokat birtokló vállalatoknak, államoknak. Kérdés azonban az, hogy vajon a társadalom is akar a  megfigyelés társadalmává válni? Kínában már kiépülőben  van egy, a lakosokat 24 órás megfigyelés alatt tartó  rendszer, amely pontozza, pontjaik szerint pedig jutalmazza vagy bünteti az állampolgárokat. Vajon lehetséges egy szociális kreditrendszer Nyugaton is? Támogatnák-e az  emberek a privát szférájuk szűkülését a szolgáltatásukért és  biztonságukért cserébe? Írásunk egy kérdőíves felmérés segítségével meghatározza, a technológiaelfogadás- modellt alapul véve, hogy mekkora támogatottságot  élvezne a széles körű digitális állami megfigyelés, milyen  tényezők befolyásolhatják ennek a megítélését. A kérdőíves felmérés részét képezi a vállalati megfigyeléshez való  lakossági viszonyulás is, ahol a dolog támogatottságát, a  támogatottságot befolyásolható tényezőket vizsgálja.
Antenna Array Based on Fabry–Perot Cavity with Mechanoelectrical Beam Steering
Authors: Litinskaya Y. A. , Polenga S. V. , Salomatov Y. P.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Introduction. Low-profile effective antenna systems (AS) with maintained directional characteristics in a wide sector of scanning angles are required for satellite communication at mobile objects. This article investigates the directional characteristics of a subarray based on a Fabry–Perot cavity and an antenna array with mechanoelectrical beam steering.

Aim. To investigate a Fabry–Perot based antenna array with mechanoelectrical beam steering and to estimate its gain and directivity at different scanning angles.

Materials and methods. Computer simulations were carried out using the finite element method (FEM), finite difference time domain (FDTD) method and template based post-processing.

Results. A subarray based on a Fabry–Perot cavity for an antenna array with mechanoelectrical beam steering was simulated. The efficiency of the subarray comprised at least 65 % in the 11.9…12.5 GHz frequency band. An antenna array based on a Fabry–Perot cavity with mechanoelectrical beam steering was developed and investigated. The calculated characteristics of the developed antenna array agreed well with those obtained experimentally. The gain degradation did not exceed 2.5 dB in the 0…70° scanning angle range. The advantages of using antenna elements based on a Fabry–Perot cavity and developing on their basis mobile satellite antenna systems with wide-angle scanning are noted.

Conclusion. The use of a radiator based on a Fabry–Perot cavity and the development on it basis an antenna array with mechanoelectrical beam steering provides an antenna efficiency of no less than 0.5 with a gain degradation of no more than 2.5 dB in the scanning angle range 0…70° from 11.9 to 12.5 GHz.
Microfocus X-ray Tubes
Authors: Bessonov V. B.
Published: November 2021

Introduction. X-ray inspection plays a unique role among all nondestructive testing methods for products and materials due to sufficiently high resolution and high penetrability. The present study is designed to consider the key features of microfocus X-ray sources, their areas of application, and main technical characteristics.

Aim. The paper aims to systematize information and review modern X-ray radiation sources for the implementation of microfocus radiography.

Materials and methods. The main designs of microfocus X-ray tubes (soldered and demountable) were considered relying on the experience of the St Petersburg State Electrotechnical University in developing and operating such equipment, as well as the experience and open-access publications of foreign researchers and developers. Data collected by leading research teams over the last ten years were analyzed.

Results. The paper presents design features for each main type of microfocus X-ray tubes – soldered and demountable. All key structural elements are considered: an anode assembly, a cathode assembly, and a focusing system. The influence of anode target material on the X-ray tube radiation spectrum is shown. An original design of a liquid-anode microfocus X-ray tube is described to demonstrate its key features and advantages. In addition, the paper gives an overview of cathodes used in microfocus X-ray tubes (tungsten cathode and lanthanum hexaboride cathode), as well as providing a detailed description of calculations performed for focusing systems. Finally, the designs of modern X-ray tubes are presented.

Conclusion. Modern X-ray tubes are high-tech products that allow for high-resolution research of various objects. The main advantage of testing performed with the use of X-ray tubes consists in high resolution (micron and submicron). The X-ray images of test objects used to determine their spatial resolution are given, which clearly illustrate the vast possibilities of this technology. In addition, ways to improve microfocus X-ray tubes are briefly discussed. The considered materials can be useful in selecting a nondestructive testing tool, as well as in developing and creating X-ray systems on the basis of microfocus X-ray tubes.
Albinism in lowland tapir (Tapirus terrestris)
Authors: Tokuda Marcos , Mota da Costa André Luiz , Pessutti Cecília , Torrezan Lanna , Longon Roca Luana , Todesco Natalia , Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira Rodrigo
Published: November 2021

Here we report the encounter of an albino lowland tapir in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. On November 23rd 2020, a female albino calf was found within the buffer zone of Jurupará State Park, in the city of Piedade, São Paulo State, Brazil. The orphaned female tapir was rescued and brought to Parque Zoológico Municipal Quinzinho de Barros. Albino tapirs have been reported in another forest, Legado das Águas Reserve, about 20 km from this calf was rescued. Thus, this new record of albino tapir highlights the importance of preserving and maintaining connectivity among the conservation units in that region.
MODEL ESTIMASI BIOKINETIKA UNTUK PROSES POST-DENITRIFIKASI AIR LIMBAH DOMESTIK PADA UNIT ANAEROBIC BAFFLED REACTOR
Authors: Kurniawan Allen , Amelia Fatihaturrizky , Wirayudhatama Adhirajasa , Prawira Sulpa Yudha
Published: November 2021

This study developed a combination of Continuous Stirred Tank Reactor (CSTR) for the acid fermentation and the Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) post-denitrification through high nitrite injection. Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) as a substrate for the post-denitrification process were optimally produced in the acid fermentation process. The aim of this study was to obtain the estimation of biokinetic values to predict the effluent wastewater quality in ABR post-denitrification process under unsteady state. The reactor was operated for HRT 7 days at temperature 25-28 ËšC and pH 6-7,2. The influent and effluent substrate concentration were monitored continuously for 160 days. Post-denitrification biokinetic from the Contois equation resulted in the value of hydrolysis rate (Kh) of 0.077 day-1, the substrate transport rate (k) of 4.364Ã—10-6 Lmg-1day-1, maximum specific growth rate (Î¼max) of 0.559 day-1, half saturation constant (KS) of 0.209 mgL-1, microbial decay coefficient (b) of 0.0145 days-1; yield coefficient (Y) of 0.084 g-VSSg-COD-1. The validation of biokinetic parameters based on statistical analysis showed fairly precise results following the trend of experimental data to determine the substrate concentration in the effluent unit. Therefore, the biokinetic values can be applied in the design of ABR post-denitrification using primary sludge incorporation with high strength nitrate.Keywords:Â  Anaerobic baffled reactor, biokinetics, Contois, hydrolysis, post-denitrification.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN KAPASITAS TAMPUNGAN EMBUNG DANAU ASAM KABUPATEN DI KOTAWARINGIN BARAT
Authors: Zevri Asril
Published: November 2021

This study aims to analyze the requirement for the storage capacity of Danau Asam Reservoir as one of the solutions in increasing the availability of water to meet the needs of raw water due to population growth and climate change which is quite extreme. The study was conducted in the Danau Asam Reservoir with source of water from two watersheds that flow into the reservoir, namely the Lopo River Basin with a catchment area of 11.81 Km2 and Kamat Bay with a catchment area of 12.42 Km2 in Kotawaringin Lama District in the West Kotawaringin Regency. The method used is a quantitative approach based on a simulation of the water balance between the inflow and outflow. The inflow parameter is calculated based on 90% probability reliable discharge using the FJ Mock method in two watersheds and the outflow parameter is based on the raw water demand discharge which is calculated based on the population growth rate. The result of the research indicate that the capacity of the Danau Asam Reservoir is 391,842.72 m3 to meet the raw water needs in Kotawaringin Lama District with a population of 35397 people.Keywords: Drought, Raw Water, Storage, Kotawaringin Barat
Implementasi Konfigurasi Hotspot Server Untuk Akses Internet Menggunakan Mikrotik Router Pada Dinas Lingkungan Hidup Pematangsiantar
Authors: Saragi Dedy Ronald , Sumarno Sumarno , Nasution Zulaini Masruro , Parlina Iin , Anggraini Fitri
Published: November 2021

Kebutuhan akses internet saat ini sangat tinggi, baik itu untuk mencari informasi terbaru, Menginplementasikan layanan internet sebagai alat mencari informasi. Dalam akses hotspot terdapat berbagai macam kondisi pengguna, sehingga menimbulkan permasalahan antara lain management bandwidth dan network management tools. Oleh karena itu timbul solusi dengan menggunakan mikrotik sebagai router, mikrotik mudah dioperasikan karena menggunakan winbox dalam tampilan GUI. Metode pengembangan sistem yang penulis gunakan yaitu metode Network Development Life Cycle (NDLC) karena mencakup tahap Analisis, Implementasi, Monitoring dan Managemen.
C.G. JUNG, J.J. HONEGGER, AND THE
CASE OF EMIL SCHWYZER (THE ‘SOLAR
PHALLUS’ MAN)
Authors: Huggins Ronald
Published: November 2021

The case of Emil Schwyzer, a.k.a. the ‘Solar-Phallus Man’, was
foundational in giving shape to Jung’s early reflections on the concept
of the collective unconscious. In 1906 Schwyzer identified a tail of light
coming off the sun as a phallus, which Jung interpreted as a particularly
important example of ‘the fantasies or delusions of…patients…[being]
paralleled in mythological material of which they knew nothing’ (Bennet
1985:69). This was because it represented not only a single mythological
symbol or idea that Schwyzer could not have known but an entire passage
from an ancient document known as the Mithras Liturgy. According to
Jung, Schwyzer’s ‘vision’ also paralleled a rare theme in Medieval art.
Jung’s student J.J. Honegger gave a paper on the Schwyzer case at the
March 1910 Second Psychoanalytic Congress in Nuremberg. In it he again
discussed Schwyzer’s description of the light tail on the sun but especially
his concept of a Ptolemaic flat earth. Relying largely on archival material
not previously discussed, the present article provides a history of the
Schwyzer case along with a thoroughgoing evaluation of what Jung and
Honegger made of it.

KEYWORDS
J.J. Honegger, Emil Schwyzer, ‘Solar-Phallus Man’, Mithras Liturgy,
Collective unconscious, Inherited ideas, Hortus Conclusus.
Studies of Reasonable Magnitude of Additional Force And Effect of Reinforcement In Reinforcing of Steel Truss Structure
Authors: Song Yong-il , Ri Il Ju
Published: November 2021

When the truss structure is reinforced in operating state the additional force is given to it.We propose the method for determining the reasonable magnitude of additional force to reduce the internal force by minimum condition strain energy of truss
The Ecological Aspects of Urban Structure of Balige District Kabupaten Toba, Indonesia
Authors: Nasution Rafika Hilmi
Published: November 2021

Balige is the capital of Toba Samosir Regency. Balige District continues to develop dynamically, marked by the development and changes of the physical city structure Balige. It is about the real implications of a city’s physical growth and development that move dynamically, which can be seen from urban, suburban, and rural land-use patterns. The aim is to determine the ecological aspects of urban structures in the Balige District. The method used in selection is done through secondary data that does not directly provide data to researchers or analyzed documents and concluded. Initially, Balige City was centered on the pier up to Sisingamangaraja’s field, evidenced by water transportation still used today. However, the result of the study showed changes in the pattern of land use due to economic growth and social transformation.
Umfragen zu Gehaltsuntergrenze und Lehrervergütung: ein Stand der Technik – 2008-2021
Authors: Lima Maria José Rocha , Ramos Fernando Sadio
Published: November 2021

In diesem Artikel wird eine Übersicht über Studien zu Gehaltsuntergrenze und Lehrervergütung zwischen 2008 und 2021 vorgestellt[3]. In diesem Sinne ist die Literaturrecherche zur Gehaltsuntergrenze für Lehrkräfte ein Schlüsselelement. Daher basiert die für die bibliografische Suche entwickelte Methodik auf der wissenschaftlichen und sorgfältigen Anwendung der Theorie der Práticas Baseadas em Evidências (EBP) – auf Portugiesisch, Práticas Baseadas em Evidências (PBE). Studien über die Gehaltsuntergrenze und die Vergütung brasilianischer Lehrer. In dieser Studie wird ein weiterer Widerspruch zwischen den emphatischen bzw, auf die Gehaltsuntergrenze und die Lehrervergütung. Auch mit der Ausrufung der Wertschätzung des Lehrers als entscheidenden Faktor für die Sicherung der Bildungsqualität sind seit der Einführung des Mindestlohns mehr als zehn Jahre vergangen, jedoch haben ihn rund 60 % der brasilianischen Kommunen noch nicht umgesetzt und dies hat nicht den erwarteten Nachhall im akademischen Studium.
Pesquisas sobre piso salarial e remuneração docente: um estado da arte – 2008-2021
Authors: Lima Maria José Rocha , Ramos Fernando Sadio
Published: November 2021

Este artigo apresenta um levantamento acerca dos estudos sobre piso salarial e remuneração docente entre 2008 e 2021[3]. Neste sentido, a revisão de literatura sobre o piso salarial do magistério é uma peça fundamental. Para tanto, a metodologia desenvolvida para a busca bibliográfica tem como base o uso científico e cuidadoso da teoria Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) – em português, Práticas Baseadas em Evidências (PBE).Trata-se de um estado da arte que recorta um dos fatores mais decisivos para a transformação da realidade educacional: os estudos sobre piso salarial e remuneração dos professores brasileiros. Neste estudo, expõe-se mais uma contradição reinante entre os discursos enfáticos ou grandiloquentes em defesa da valorização do magistério e as práticas das autoridades políticas e educacionais, chamando-nos atenção, também, a baixa produção de monografias, dissertações e teses de doutorado, no mundo acadêmico, sobre piso salarial e remuneração docente. Mesmo com a proclamação da valorização do professor como fator decisivo para a garantia da qualidade da educação, passaram-se mais de dez anos desde o estabelecimento do piso salarial, contudo, cerca de 60% dos municípios brasileiros ainda não o implantaram e isso não tem a reverberação esperada nos estudos acadêmicos.
Обследования минимальной заработной платы и вознаграждения учителей: состояние дел – 2008-2021 гг
Authors: Lima Maria José Rocha , Ramos Fernando Sadio
Published: November 2021

В данной статье представлен обзор исследований минимальной заработной платы и оплаты труда учителей в период с 2008 по 2021 год[3]. В этом смысле обзор литературы о минимальной заработной плате учителей является ключевым моментом. Таким образом, методология, разработанная для библиографического поиска, основана на научном и внимательном использовании теории Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) – на португальском языке «Práticas Baseadas em Evidências» (PBE). Обрисовывает в общих чертах один из наиболее решающих факторов для трансформация образовательной реальности: изучение минимальной заработной платы и вознаграждения бразильских учителей. В этом исследовании выявляется еще одно противоречие между решительными или грандиозными дискурсами в защиту признания преподавания и практики политических и образовательных властей, а также обращает наше внимание на низкий уровень выпуска монографий, диссертаций и докторских диссертаций в академическом мире, о минимальной заработной плате и оплате труда учителей. Даже с провозглашением оценки учителя как решающего фактора в обеспечении качества образования, прошло более десяти лет с момента установления минимальной заработной платы, однако около 60% бразильских муниципалитетов еще не внедрили ее, и это не имеет ожидаемого резонанса в академических исследованиях.
Lois Pereiro
Authors: Angueira Anxo
Published: November 2021

A pesar das súas singularidades dentro da xeración dos 80, Lois Pereiro participa de estreitos vínculos con outros autores do sistema literario galego, especialmente Rosalía de Castro e Manoel Antonio.
Suxeito estético, suxeito político (poesía e sabotaxe)
Authors: Casas Arturo
Published: November 2021

No discurso poético queda constituído un suxeito estético que se mostra ao través da experiencia e do xuízo desenvolvidos no poema, o cal incide como é lóxico na recepción comunicativa, na forma na que adoitamos ler ou escoitar poesía. A partir destas bases, analízase o xeito no que se vén lendo a produción poética de Lois Pereiro e postúlase asemade que a subxectividade construída polo autor nos seus textos atopa apoio en dúas características principais, entendíbeis como disposicións estético-políticas e á vez sentimentais. Primeiro, unha tensión saboteadora politicamente dirixida contra toda subxectividade e todo xuízo estético de propósito homoxeneizador. Segundo, consecuente co anterior, unha exploración poética —novamente política— de acusada marca tradutiva e hibridizante. O resultado discursivo é unha subxectividade crítica definida polo desexo de radicación fronteiriza.
morte virá e ha ter os teus ollos (os derradeiros poemarios de Alexandre Cribeiro e Lois Pereiro)
Authors: Cochón Luís
Published: November 2021

Confrontación de dous poemarios, últimos e derradeiros de dous autores, Xosé Alexandre Cribeiro e Lois Pereiro, A señardade no puño e Poesía última de amor e enfermidade 1992-1995, respectivamente. A presenza da morte, nos dous, o sentimento tanático de estar a vivir un final fatal e próximo –fóra da sazón e tempo– morte, pois, presentida e anunciada por tódolos síntomas, visibles ou non. O primeiro deles afastouse do mundo fóra de si para encontrarse –só– coa súa propia morte: Cribeiro. O outro, Pereiro, non se recatou. Vivir a contramorte, púdica ou impudicamente.
Valentín Paz-Andrade, con Pontevedra ao fondo
Authors: Portela Yáñez Charo
Published: November 2021

Este traballo explica polo miúdo a relación do escritor pontevedrés coa súa cidade natal, ao mostrar a presenza de Pontevedra na vida e na obra de Paz-Andrade. Sinálase a relevancia do maxisterio do seu tío Juan Bautista Andrade e, sobre todo, de Castelao, mais tamén os seus primeiros pasos como xornalista en diferentes medios da cidade ou a súa relación con Osorio-Tafall, quen posibilitou as súas viaxes a América Latina como técnico especialista en pesca da FAO nos anos cincuenta.Os seus artigos, o seu traballo sobre os anos pontevedreses de Valle-Inclán ou a súa vinculación co Museo de Pontevedra mostran tamén que esta cidade seguiría a ser un punto de referencia imprescindible para Paz-Andrade ao longo da súa vida.
Valentín Paz-Andrade e a escola poética pontevedresa
Authors: Acuña Ana
Published: November 2021

En primeiro lugar, analízase a presenza de Pontevedra e dos pontevedreses na obra de Valentín Paz-Andrade; en segundo lugar, valórase a pertenza de Paz-Andrade a unha escola poética pontevedresa (cuxo punto de partida se sitúa en Xoán Manuel Pintos) e, por último, alúdese aos estudos de Valentín Paz-Andrade sobre a literatura galega.
Representacións do aquí: imaxes do teatro e o país de Roberto Vidal Bolaño
Authors: Ogando González Iolanda
Published: November 2021

Con este traballo pretendemos analizar as ideas sobre o teatro e a sociedade galega que Roberto Vidal Bolaño construíu e transmitiu a través do seu discurso público. A partir da lectura das entrevistas, artigos e outros paratextos escritos polo dramaturgo, podemos observar varias imaxes que nos falan da situación e características do teatro galego entre 1970 e 2002 e nos axudan a recontextualizar a produción dos seus textos dramáticos.