bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding geographic and racial/ethnic disparities in mortality from four major cancers in the state of Georgia: a spatial epidemiologic analysis, 1999–2019
Authors: Moore Justin Xavier , Tingen Martha S. , Coughlin Steven S. , O’Meara Christine , Odhiambo Lorriane , Vernon Marlo , Jones Samantha , Petcu Robert , Johnson Ryan , Islam K. M. , Nettles Darryl , Albashir Ghadeer , Cortes Jorge
Published: August 2022

We examined geographic and racial variation in cancer mortality within the state of Georgia, and investigated the correlation between the observed spatial differences and county-level characteristics. We analyzed county-level cancer mortality data collected by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on breast, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer mortality among adults (aged ≥ 18 years) in 159 Georgia counties from years 1999 through 2019. Geospatial methods were applied, and we identified hot spot counties based on cancer mortality rates overall and stratified by non-Hispanic white (NH-white) and NH-black race/ethnicity. Among all adults, 5.0% (8 of 159), 8.2% (13 of 159), 5.0% (8 of 159), and 6.9% (11 of 159) of Georgia counties were estimated hot spots for breast cancer, colorectal, lung, and prostate cancer mortality, respectively. Cancer mortality hot spots were heavily concentrated in three major areas: (1) eastern Piedmont to Coastal Plain regions, (2) southwestern rural Georgia area, or (3) northern-most rural Georgia. Overall, hot spot counties generally had higher proportion of NH-black adults, older adult population, greater poverty, and more rurality. In Georgia, targeted cancer prevention strategies and allocation of health resources are needed in counties with elevated cancer mortality rates, focusing on interventions suitable for NH-black race/ethnicity, low-income, and rural residents.
Repeatability of simultaneous 3D 1H MRF/23Na MRI in brain at 7 T
Authors: Rodriguez Gonzalo G. , Yu Zidan , O′Donnell Lauren F. , Calderon Liz , Cloos Martijn A. , Madelin Guillaume
Published: August 2022

Proton MRI can provide detailed morphological images, but it reveals little information about cell homeostasis. On the other hand, sodium MRI can provide metabolic information but cannot resolve fine structures. The complementary nature of proton and sodium MRI raises the prospect of their combined use in a single experiment. In this work, we assessed the repeatability of normalized proton density (PD), T1, T2, and normalized sodium density-weighted quantification measured with simultaneous 3D1H MRF/23Na MRI in the brain at 7 T, from ten healthy volunteers who were scanned three times each. The coefficients of variation (CV) and the intra-class correlation (ICC) were calculated for the mean and standard deviation (SD) of these 4 parameters in grey matter, white matter, and cerebrospinal fluid. As result, the CVs were lower than 3.3% for the mean values and lower than 6.9% for the SD values. The ICCs were higher than 0.61 in all 24 measurements. We conclude that the measurements of normalized PD, T1, T2, and normalized sodium density-weighted from simultaneous 3D1H MRF/23Na MRI in the brain at 7 T showed high repeatability. We estimate that changes > 6.6% (> 2 CVs) in mean values of both1H and23Na metrics could be detectable with this method.
Developmental RNA-Seq transcriptomics of haploid germ cells and spermatozoa uncovers novel pathways associated with teleost spermiogenesis
Authors: Castro-Arnau Júlia , Chauvigné François , Gómez-Garrido Jessica , Esteve-Codina Anna , Dabad Marc , Alioto Tyler , Finn Roderick Nigel , Cerdà Joan
Published: August 2022

In non-mammalian vertebrates, the molecular mechanisms involved in the transformation of haploid germ cells (HGCs) into spermatozoa (spermiogenesis) are largely unknown. Here, we investigated this process in the marine teleost gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) through the examination of the changes in the transcriptome between cell-sorted HGCs and ejaculated sperm (SPZEJ). Samples were collected under strict quality controls employing immunofluorescence microscopy as well as by determining the sperm motion kinematic parameters by computer-assisted sperm analysis. Deep sequencing by RNA-seq identified a total of 7286 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (p-value < 0.01) between both cell types, of which nearly half were upregulated in SPZEJ compared to HCGs. In addition, approximately 9000 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) were found, of which 56% were accumulated or emerged de novo in SPZEJ. The upregulated transcripts are involved in transcriptional and translational regulation, chromatin and cytoskeleton organization, metabolic processes such as glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, and also include a number of ion and water channels, exchangers, transporters and receptors. Pathway analysis conducted on DEGs identified 37 different signaling pathways enriched in SPZEJ, including 13 receptor pathways, from which the most predominant correspond to the chemokine and cytokine, gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor and platelet derived growth factor signaling pathways. Our data provide new insight into the mRNA and lncRNA cargos of teleost spermatozoa and uncover the possible involvement of novel endocrine mechanisms during the differentiation and maturation of spermatozoa.
Reversed spin of a ratchet motor on a vibrating water bed
Authors: Hatatani Miku , Okamoto Yasunao , Yamamoto Daigo , Shioi Akihisa
Published: August 2022

A ratchet gear on a vibrating water bed exhibits a one-way spin. However, the spinning direction is opposite to that of the gear placed on the granular bed. The one-way spin is caused by the surface waves of water. Surface deformation causes transportation of the water element to rotate the gear. The spatial symmetry of the surface wave and gear geometry regulates the rotational torque. In this study, the same ratchet shows reversed motion between the granular and water beds, and the direction is not determined only by the ratchet geometry. The self-organization of the fluid medium caused by small agitation induces a nontrivial inversion of the spinning direction.
Development and validation of multivariate models integrating preoperative clinicopathological and radiographic findings to predict HER2 status in gastric cancer
Authors: Xu Mengying , Liu Song , Li Lin , Qiao Xiangmei , Ji Changfeng , Tan Lingyu , Zhou Zhengyang
Published: August 2022

The combination of trastuzumab and chemotherapy is recommended as first-line therapy for patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) positive advanced gastric cancers (GCs). Successful trastuzumab-induced targeted therapy should be based on the assessment of HER2 overexpression. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of multivariate models based on hematological parameters, endoscopic biopsy, and computed tomography (CT) findings for assessing HER2 overexpression in GC. This retrospective study included 183 patients with GC, and they were divided into primary (n = 137) and validation (n = 46) cohorts at a ratio of 3:1. Hematological parameters, endoscopic biopsy, CT morphological characteristics, and CT value-related and texture parameters of all patients were collected and analyzed. The mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration value, morphological type, 3 CT value-related parameters, and 22 texture parameters in three contrast-enhanced phases differed significantly between the two groups (all p < 0.05). Multivariate models based on the regression analysis and support vector machine algorithm achieved areas under the curve of 0.818 and 0.879 in the primary cohort, respectively. The combination of hematological parameters, CT morphological characteristics, CT value-related and texture parameters could predict HER2 overexpression in GCs with satisfactory diagnostic efficiency. The decision curve analysis confirmed the clinical utility.
Altered sialidase expression in human myeloid cells undergoing apoptosis and differentiation
Authors: Hyun Sang W. , Feng Chiguang , Liu Anguo , Lillehoj Erik P. , Trotta Rossana , Kingsbury Tami J. , Passaniti Antonino , Lugkey Katerina N. , Chauhan Sitara , Cipollo John F. , Luzina Irina G. , Atamas Sergei P. , Cross Alan S. , Goldblum Simeon E.
Published: August 2022

To gain insight into sialic acid biology and sialidase/neuraminidase (NEU) expression in mature human neutrophil (PMN)s, we studied NEU activity and expression in PMNs and the HL60 promyelocytic leukemic cell line, and changes that might occur in PMNs undergoing apoptosis and HL60 cells during their differentiation into PMN-like cells. Mature human PMNs contained NEU activity and expressed NEU2, but not NEU1, the NEU1 chaperone, protective protein/cathepsin A(PPCA), NEU3, and NEU4 proteins. In proapoptotic PMNs, NEU2 protein expression increased > 30.0-fold. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor protected against NEU2 protein upregulation, PMN surface desialylation and apoptosis. In response to 3 distinct differentiating agents, dimethylformamide, dimethylsulfoxide, and retinoic acid, total NEU activity in differentiated HL60 (dHL60) cells was dramatically reduced compared to that of nondifferentiated cells. With differentiation, NEU1 protein levels decreased > 85%, PPCA and NEU2 proteins increased > 12.0-fold, and 3.0-fold, respectively, NEU3 remained unchanged, and NEU4 increased 1.7-fold by day 3, and then returned to baseline. In dHL60 cells, lectin blotting revealed decreased α2,3-linked and increased α2,6-linked sialylation. dHL60 cells displayed increased adhesion to and migration across human bone marrow-derived endothelium and increased bacterial phagocytosis. Therefore, myeloid apoptosis and differentiation provoke changes in NEU catalytic activity and protein expression, surface sialylation, and functional responsiveness.
Conservation of orbital angular momentum and polarization through biological waveguides
Authors: Perez Nicolas , Preece Daryl , Wilson Robert , Bezryadina Anna
Published: August 2022

A major roadblock to the development of photonic sensors is the scattering associated with many biological systems. We show the conservation of photonic states through optically self-arranged biological waveguides, for the first time, which can be implemented to transmit light through scattering media. The conservation of optical properties of light through biological waveguides allows for the transmission of high bandwidth information with low loss through scattering media. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the conservation of polarization state and orbital angular momentum of light through a self-arranged biological waveguide, several centimeters long, in a sheep red blood cell suspension. We utilize nonlinear optical effects to self-trap cells, which form waveguides at 532 nm and 780 nm wavelengths. Moreover, we use the formed waveguide channels to couple and guide probe beams without altering the information. The formed biological waveguides are in a sub-diffusive scattering regime, so the photons’ information degrades insignificantly over several centimeters of propagation through the scattering media. Our results show the potential of biological waveguides as a methodology for the development of novel photonic biosensors, biomedical devices that require optical wireless communication, and the development of new approaches to noninvasive biomedical imaging.
Individual and regional characteristics associated with changes in mental health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in South Korea
Authors: Min Jieun , Kwon Dohoon , Lee Whanhee , Kang Cinoo , Park Chaerin , Heo Seulkee , Bell Michelle L. , Kim Ho
Published: August 2022

Mental health has been a major public health concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigated the effects of COVID-19 on mental health and whether individual and regional characteristics are associated with the changes in mental health. We estimated district-specific changes in the prevalence of moderate stress, extreme stress, and depression before and during the COVID-19 pandemic after adjusting for the time trend of mental health outcomes. Then, a meta-regression was conducted to examine the associations between district-level characteristics and changes in mental health due to the pandemic. The prevalence of moderate stress, extreme stress, and depression increased during the pandemic and the increases were more prominent in districts with high population density and in individuals aged 19–59 years, with a high education level, and with high household income. The % with reduced physical activity due to the pandemic were positively associated with increases in stress; while, the % that have mutual trust among neighbors and the number of sports facilities were negatively associated with increases in stress. Local tax per person had a positive association with increase in depression. Our study provides epidemiological evidence into the mental health consequences of the pandemic, which can inform the priority of resource allocation for managing mental health.
Optimization and mechanisms of rapid adsorptive removal of chromium (VI) from wastewater using industrial waste derived nanoparticles
Authors: Hamadeen Hala M. , Elkhatib Elsayed A. , Moharem Mohamed L.
Published: August 2022

Nowadays, the existence of metal ions in the environment like chromium (VI) is of significant worry because of its high toxicity to many life forms. Therefore, in this study, an inexpensive and eco-friendly nano-adsorbent was produced from the waste of drinking water industry for effective elimination of Cr (VI) from wastewater. The mineralogical and morphological characterization and compositions of the bulk and nano- adsorbents were performed. The adsorption capabilities of nWTRs for Cr(VI) under different experimental conditions of adsorbent dosage, time, Cr (VI) concentration, solution pH, and competitive ions were investigated. The nWTRs adsorbent exhibits very rapid adsorption potential (92%) for Cr (VI) within the first 15 min. Langmuir model showed high predictive capability for describing Cr (VI) sorption equilibrium data. The estimated maximum sorption capacity (qmax) of nWTRs and bWTRs was found to be 40.65 mg g−1 and 2.78 mg g−1 respectively. The sorption kinetics data of Cr (VI) were perfectly fitted to the model of second-order kinetics. High immobilization capability of nWTRs for sorbed Cr (VI) is evident as most of adsorbed Cr (VI) was associated with the residual fraction. The nWTRs efficiency of Cr (VI) removal from wastewater using batch and column techniques were 98.12 and 96.86% respectively. Electrostatic interactions, outer sphere complexation and pore filling are the main mechanisms suggested for binding of Cr(VI) with functional groups of nWTRs. This study demonstrates that the green low-cost nWTRs have the potential to decontaminate industrial wastewater effluents containing Cr (VI).
COVID-19 pandemic and the international classification of functioning in multiple system atrophy: a cross-sectional, nationwide survey in Japan
Authors: Haruyama Koshiro , Kawakami Michiyuki , Miyai Ichiro , Nojiri Shuko , Fujiwara Toshiyuki
Published: August 2022

The present study aimed to determine the magnitude of and risk factors for the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the international classification of functioning, disability and health (ICF) in patients with multiple system atrophy (PwMSA). The study was part of a cross-sectional, nationwide, multipurpose mail survey for Japanese PwMSA from October to December, 2020. The primary outcome was the impact of the early COVID-19 pandemic on ICF functioning, consisting of body function, activity, and participation. Age, sex, disease type, disease duration, and dwelling place were asked as participants’ characteristics, and the multiple system impairment questionnaire (MSIQ), patient health questionnaire-2, modified rankin scale, barthel index, life-space assessment (LSA), and EuroQoL were examined. Multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify independent risk factors for a worse function score due to the COVID-19 pandemic for each ICF functioning domain. A total of 155 patients (mean age 65.6 [SD 8.1] years; 43.9% women; mean disease duration 8.0 [SD 6.2] years; 65% MSA with cerebellar ataxia, 13% MSA with parkinsonism, 9% MSA with predominant autonomic features) were analyzed. Of the ICF functioning domains, the respondents reported that the early COVID-19 pandemic affected body function in 17.4%, activity in 17.6%, and participation in 46.0%. The adjusted multivariate model identified MSIQ and LSA as the two variables that independently contributed to all domains. The COVID-19 pandemic affected ICF functioning of PwMSA in Japan, and the severity of disease-related impairments and a large daily living space were common risk factors. These results help support the focus on patient characteristics for medical and social welfare support.
Regulatory considerations to keep pace with innovation in digital health products
Authors: Torous John , Stern Ariel D. , Bourgeois Florence T.
Published: August 2022

Rapid innovation and proliferation of software as a medical device have accelerated the clinical use of digital technologies across a wide array of medical conditions. Current regulatory pathways were developed for traditional (hardware) medical devices and offer a useful structure, but the evolution of digital devices requires concomitant innovation in regulatory approaches to maximize the potential benefits of these emerging technologies. A number of specific adaptations could strengthen current regulatory oversight while promoting ongoing innovation.
Analysis of individual differences in neurofeedback training illuminates successful self-regulation of the dopaminergic midbrain
Authors: Hellrung Lydia , Kirschner Matthias , Sulzer James , Sladky Ronald , Scharnowski Frank , Herdener Marcus , Tobler Philippe N.
Published: August 2022

The dopaminergic midbrain is associated with reinforcement learning, motivation and decision-making – functions often disturbed in neuropsychiatric disorders. Previous research has shown that dopaminergic midbrain activity can be endogenously modulated via neurofeedback. However, the robustness of endogenous modulation, a requirement for clinical translation, is unclear. Here, we examine whether the activation of particular brain regions associates with successful regulation transfer when feedback is no longer available. Moreover, to elucidate mechanisms underlying effective self-regulation, we study the relation of successful transfer with learning (temporal difference coding) outside the midbrain during neurofeedback training and with individual reward sensitivity in a monetary incentive delay (MID) task. Fifty-nine participants underwent neurofeedback training either in standard (Study 1 N = 15, Study 2 N = 28) or control feedback group (Study 1, N = 16). We find that successful self-regulation is associated with prefrontal reward sensitivity in the MID task (N = 25), with a decreasing relation between prefrontal activity and midbrain learning signals during neurofeedback training and with increased activity within cognitive control areas during transfer. The association between midbrain self-regulation and prefrontal temporal difference and reward sensitivity suggests that reinforcement learning contributes to successful self-regulation. Our findings provide insights in the control of midbrain activity and may facilitate individually tailoring neurofeedback training.
Divergent evolutionary trajectories shape the postmating transcriptional profiles of conspecifically and heterospecifically mated cactophilic Drosophila females
Authors: Diaz Fernando , Allan Carson W. , Chen Xingsen , Coleman Joshua M. , Bono Jeremy M. , Matzkin Luciano M.
Published: August 2022

Postmating-prezygotic (PMPZ) reproductive isolation is hypothesized to result from divergent coevolutionary trajectories of sexual selection and/or sexual conflict in isolated populations. However, the genetic basis of PMPZ incompatibilities between species is poorly understood. Here, we use a comparative framework to compare global gene expression in con- and heterospecifically matedDrosophila mojavensisandD. arizonaefemale reproductive tracts. We find striking divergence between the species in the female postmating transcriptional response to conspecific mating, including differences in differential expression (DE), alternative splicing (AS), and intron retention (IR). As predicted, heterospecific matings produce disrupted transcriptional profiles, but the overall patterns of misregulation are different between the reciprocal crosses. Moreover, we find a positive correlation between postmating transcriptional divergence between species and levels of transcriptional disruption in heterospecific crosses. This result indicates that mating responsive genes that have diverged more in expression also have more disrupted transcriptional profiles in heterospecifically mated females. Overall, our results provide insights into the evolution of PMPZ isolation and lay the foundation for future studies aimed at identifying specific genes involved in PMPZ incompatibilities and the evolutionary forces that have contributed to their divergence in closely related species.
Single-cell transcriptomics and cell-specific proteomics reveals molecular signatures of sleep
Authors: Jha Pawan K. , Valekunja Utham K. , Ray Sandipan , Nollet Mathieu , Reddy Akhilesh B.
Published: August 2022

Every day, we sleep for a third of the day. Sleep is important for cognition, brain waste clearance, metabolism, and immune responses. The molecular mechanisms governing sleep are largely unknown. Here, we used a combination of single-cell RNA sequencing and cell-type-specific proteomics to interrogate the molecular underpinnings of sleep. Different cell types in three important brain regions for sleep (brainstem, cortex, and hypothalamus) exhibited diverse transcriptional responses to sleep need. Sleep restriction modulates astrocyte-neuron crosstalk and sleep need enhances expression of specific sets of transcription factors in different brain regions. In cortex, we also interrogated the proteome of two major cell types: astrocytes and neurons. Sleep deprivation differentially alters the expression of proteins in astrocytes and neurons. Similarly, phosphoproteomics revealed large shifts in cell-type-specific protein phosphorylation. Our results indicate that sleep need regulates transcriptional, translational, and post-translational responses in a cell-specific manner.
Higher pathogen load in children from Mozambique vs. USA revealed by comparative fecal microbiome profiling
Authors: Kim Minjae , Rodriguez-R Luis M , Hatt Janet K , Kayali Osman , Nalá Rassul , Dunlop Anne L , Brennan Patricia A , Corwin Elizabeth , Smith Alicia K , Brown Joe , Konstantinidis Konstantinos T
Published: August 2022

The infant gut microbiome has lifelong implications on health and immunity but there is still limited understanding of the microbiome differences and similarities between children in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) vs. high-income countries (HICs). Here, we describe and compare the microbiome profile of children aged under 48 months in two urban areas: Maputo, Mozambique and Atlanta, USA using shotgun metagenomics. The gut microbiome of American children showed distinct development, characterized by higher alpha diversity after infancy, compared to the same age group of African children, and the microbiomes clustered separately based on geographic location or age. The abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence factors (VFs) were significantly higher in Maputo children, driven primarily by several primary and opportunistic pathogens. Most notably, about 50% of Maputo children under the age of two were positive for enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and typical enteropathogenic (EPEC) Escherichia coli diagnostic genes while none of the Atlanta age-matched children showed such a positive signal. In contrast, commensal species such as Phocaeicola vulgatus and Bacteroides caccae were more abundant in Atlanta, potentially reflecting diets rich in animal protein and susceptibility to inflammatory diseases. Overall, our results suggest that the different environments characterizing the two cities have significant, distinctive signatures on the microbiota of children and its development over time. Lack of safe water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions and/or unsafe food sources may explain the higher enteric pathogen load among children in Maputo.
Primary amines from lignocellulose by direct amination of alcohol intermediates, catalyzed by RANEY® Ni
Authors: Wu Xianyuan , De Bruyn Mario , Barta Katalin
Published: August 2022

A highly efficient RANEY® Ni-based amination methodology using ammonia that is capable of converting lignocellulose-derived alcohol intermediates into their corresponding primary amines in high selectivity, following hydrogen borrowing methodology.
Adjusting the match-degree between electron library and surface-active sites and forming surface polarization in MOF-based photo-cocatalysts for accelerating electron transfer
Authors: Ding Ling , Sun Qianqian , Yu Zebin , Sun Lei , Jiang Ronghua , Hou Yanping , Huang Jun , Zhong Tao , Chen Huajiao , Lian CuiFang , Fan Ben
Published: August 2022

The Ni-CoP supported by a carbon matrix as the cocatalyst is synthesized by precisely controlling the pyrolysis temperature for the metal–organic framework, then loaded onto the CdS host catalyst by means of self-assembly for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
Impact of atmospheric anthropogenic nitrogen on new production in the northern Indian Ocean: constrained based on satellite aerosol optical depth and particulate nitrogen levels
Authors: Sarma V. V. S. S. , Sridevi B. , Kumar Ashwini , Bikkina S. , Kumari V. R. , Bikkina P. , Yadav K. , Rao V. D.
Published: August 2022

Deposition of atmospheric pollutants enhances soluble reactive nitrogen by 1.7 and 0.9 TgN per year in the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal, respectively, leading to an increase in primary production.
Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ZW18 from Kefir enhances the anti-tumor effect of anti-programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) immunotherapy by modulating the gut microbiota
Authors: Zhao Jingqi , Wang Yanping , Wang Jingrui , Lv Mengxin , Zhou Cong , Jia Longgang , Geng Weitao
Published: August 2022

The combined intervention of Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ZW18 and anti-PD-1 was able to improve the anti-melanoma therapeutic efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors by modulating the gut microbiota and activating tumor immunity.
Improved mineralogical analysis in copper ores by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Álvarez Jonnathan , Velásquez Marizú , Sandoval-Muñoz Claudio , Castillo Rosario del P. , Bastidas Camila Y. , Luarte Danny , Sbárbaro Daniel , Rammlmair Dieter , Yáñez Jorge
Published: August 2022

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is expanded for rapid determination of key mineral species in copper ores.
Design and synthesis of bile acid derivatives and their activity against colon cancer
Authors: Wang Zongyuan , Qiang Xin , Peng Yijie , Wang Yanni , Zhao Quanyi , He Dian
Published: August 2022

The BA derivatives designed in this subject showed good antitumor activity, especially with significant selectivity for the HCT116 cell line.
Construction of a redox-responsive drug delivery system utilizing the volume of AS1411 spatial configuration gating mesoporous silica pores
Authors: Zhou Lu , Zhang Yajie , Ma Yong
Published: August 2022

A GSH-responsive drug delivery system was constructed based on mesoporous silica as the drug carrier and an AS1411 aptamer as the multifunctional coating.
The making and breaking of perovskite photochromism through doping
Authors: Li Xiuling , Zheng Wei , Zhang Yuhai
Published: August 2022

In this work, a transparent crystal of Cs2AgInCl6 perovskite was grown in a hydrothermal reactor. Ion doping of Mn2+ or Na+ was found to be a versatile tool to either activate or deactivate the photochromism.
Correction: Electro-organic synthesis: an environmentally benign alternative for heterocycle synthesis
Authors: Devi Suman , Jyoti  , Kiran  , Wadhwa Deepak , Sindhu Jayant
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘Electro-organic synthesis: an environmentally benign alternative for heterocycle synthesis’ by Suman Devi, et al., Org. Biomol. Chem., 2022, 20, 5163–5229.
A novel supramolecular self-assembling hybrid system for visible-light-driven overall water splitting
Authors: Zuo Minzan , Qian Weirui , Wang Kaiya , Wang Leyong , Hu Xiao-Yu
Published: August 2022

A hybrid supramolecular system containing redox compartments has been successfully developed for visible-light-driven overall water splitting in the ambient environment.
Shape controllable MoS2 nanocrystals prepared by the single precursor route for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wu Fengyi , Xu Xiaoyong , Xie Zhong , Kong Yaqiong , Cao Duojun , Yang Jiliang
Published: August 2022

A facile single-precursor route was designed for the synthesis of shape- and size-controllable MoS2 nanocrystals, including MoS2 QDs, nanorods, nanoribbons, and nanosheets. Among them, MoS2 QDs exhibit higher electrocatalytic activity in HRE.
Anti-amyloidogenic property of gold nanoparticle decorated quercetin polymer nanorods in pH and temperature induced aggregation of lysozyme
Authors: Rananaware Pranita , Pandit Parimal , Naik Seekha , Mishra Monalisa , Keri Rangappa S. , Brahmkhatri Varsha P.
Published: August 2022

Q-PVP, and Q-PVP-Au conjugates for inhibition of HEWL aggregation.
Mechanics under pressure of gold nanoparticle supracrystals: the role of the soft matrix
Authors: Ibrahim Helen , Balédent Victor , Impéror-Clerc Marianne , Pansu Brigitte
Published: August 2022

The bulk modulus of 3D FCC supracrystals of spherical gold nanoparticles is determined using high pressure-SAXS measurements. The organic ligand shell is found to be less compressible than pure dodecane with the same chain length.
Design and synthesis of new bis(1,2,4-triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazines) and bis((quinoxalin-2-yl)phenoxy)alkanes as anti-breast cancer agents through dual PARP-1 and EGFR targets inhibition
Authors: Thabet Fatma M. , Dawood Kamal M. , Ragab Eman A. , Nafie Mohamed S. , Abbas Ashraf A.
Published: August 2022

A series of bis(triazolothiadiazines) and bis(quinoxalines) were synthesized and tested for their cytotoxicity and apoptosis-induction through PARP-1 and EGFR as molecular targets. Compound 8i exhibited high cytotoxic activity and promising dual enzyme inhibition.
Synthesis of novel benzothiazole derivatives and investigation of their enzyme inhibitory effects against Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Karaca Şevval , Osmaniye Derya , Sağlık Begum Nurpelin , Levent Serkan , Ilgın Sinem , Özkay Yusuf , Karaburun Ahmet Çağrı , Kaplancıklı Zafer Asım , Gundogdu-Karaburun Nalan
Published: August 2022

The use of dual acetylcholinesterase (AChE)–monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitors is a new approach in the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD).
Nature-inspired preparation of self-adhesive, frost-resistant, and ion-conductive hydrogels for flexible strain sensors
Authors: Zhang Tiantian , Meng Lihui , Hu Yanru , Ouyang Zhiyuan , Li Wenchao , Xie Bin , Zhu Fang , Wan Jiangling , Wu Qingzhi
Published: August 2022

A nature-inspired strategy is developed to prepare polyvinyl alcohol/catechol-modified quaternized chitosan/MXene hydrogels with good self-adhesion, frost-resistance, water retention capacity, and high ion-conductivity.
Recent advances utilized in artificial switchable catalysis
Authors: Ghorbani-Choghamarani Arash , Taherinia Zahra
Published: August 2022

Catalytic systems based on the use of stimuli–responsive materials can be switched from an “on” active state to an “off” inactive state. Consequently, switchable catalysis, both chemical and biological, has played a pivotal role in this ‘greening’ of the pharmaceutical industry.
Unveiling concentration effects on the structural and optoelectronic characteristics of Zn1−xCdxS (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1) cubic semiconductors: a theoretical study
Authors: Iqbal Muhammad Aamir , Malik Maria , Zahid Abu , Islam Md. Rasidul , Arellano-Ramírez Iván D. , Al-Bahrani Mohammed
Published: August 2022

This study explores the concentration dependent optoelectronic properties of Zn1−xCdxS (x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1) cubic direct bandgap semiconductors using DFT within mBJ potential.
A green process for recycling and synthesis of cathode materials LiMn2O4from spent lithium-ion batteries using citric acid
Authors: Wang Junzhen , Huang Kui , Dong Haili , Lu Yuanhuan , Liu Kunjie , Chen Zhangqing , Shan Xinke , Huang Guoliang , Wei Lin
Published: August 2022

In the process of recycling spent lithium-ion batteries, citric acid is only used as a chelating agent to resynthesize new cathode materials by a sol-gel process or as a precipitant to separate Mn ions and Li ions.
A comparative study of the mechanical stability, electronic, optical and photocatalytic properties of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) by DFT calculations for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Aktary M. , Kamruzzaman M. , Afrose R.
Published: August 2022

Organic free Cs-based perovskite materials are potential candidates for electronic and optoelectronic applications.
Intramolecular tetrazine-acryloyl cycloaddition: chemistry and applications
Authors: Hamsath Akil , Lederberg Oren L. , Cui Qi , Shieh Meg , Lam Yannie , Brummett Brock J. , Xu Shi , Robinson Jerome R. , Xian Ming
Published: August 2022

Tetrazines rapidly react with tethered acrylates/acrylamides to produce fused coumarin derivatives. This template can be used in prodrug designs by depleting toxic α,β-unsaturated byproducts while also producing an imaging agent.
A mechanochemically prepared graphdiyne (CnH2n−2) based Cu3P@GDY p–n heterojunction for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Jin Zhiliang , Yang Mengxue , Fan Zhaobo , Li Youji
Published: August 2022

Graphdiyne (CnH2n−2, GDY) was prepared by mechanical ball milling method. The built-in electric field between Cu3P and GDY provides a fast electron transfer pathway for photogenerated electrons, thus Cu3P@GDY showed excellent activity of hydrogen evolution.
A rhodium–cobalt alloy bimetallene towards liquid C1 molecule electrooxidation in alkaline media
Authors: Zhong Wei , Miao Bo-Qiang , Wang Ming-Yao , Ding Yu , Li Dong-Sheng , Yin Shi-Bin , Li Xi-Fei , Chen Yu
Published: August 2022

Rh–Co ABM is synthesized by the cyanogel self-reduction strategy and exhibits high activity for C1 molecule electrooxidation.
Achieving charge density wave transition at room temperature in 2D non-layered transition metal dichalcogenide CoS
Authors: He Xu , Hong Wenting , Jian Chuanyong , Sun Fapeng , Cai Qian , Liu Wei
Published: August 2022

The observation of room-temperature charge density wave phases in the non-layered two-dimensional material CoS is reported.
Correction: Nanofibrous sunscreen
Authors: Lee Byeongjun , Lee Hyunwoo , Park Chan , Hong Sunguk , Jung Hyunsuk , Kim Hyonguk , Cho Seong J.
Published: August 2022

Correction for ‘Nanofibrous sunscreen’ by Byeongjun Lee et al., J. Mater. Chem. C, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2tc00933a.
Molecular identification guided process design for deep removal of fluoride from electroplating effluent
Authors: Wei Xin , Xu Nian , Xu An , Zhang Xiaolin
Published: August 2022

This study developed a molecular identification method for fluoride in industrial wastewater and explored the adsorptive removal of fluoroborate by strongly basic ion exchange resin.
Photoelectrochemical glycerol oxidation on Mo-BiVO4 photoanodes shows high photocharging current density and enhanced H2 evolution
Authors: Bora Debajeet K. , Nadjafi Manouchehr , Armutlulu Andac , Hosseini Davood , Castro-Fernández Pedro , Toth Rita
Published: August 2022

For enhancing hydrogen evolution, solution-processed Mo-BiVO4 exhibits a distinct atomic phenomenon with a high photocharging current density.
Multi‐template temporal information fusion for Siamese object tracking
Authors: Lu Xiaofeng , Wang Zhengyang , Wang Xuan , Hei Xinhong
Published: August 2022

The object tracking algorithm based on Siamese network often extracts the deep feature of the target to be tracked from the first frame of the video sequence as a template, and uses the template for the whole tracking process. Because the manually annotated target in the first frame of video sequence is more accurate, these algorithms often have stable performance. However, it is difficult to adapt to the changing target features only using the target template extracted from the first frame. Inspired by the feature fusion network based on a transformer, this paper proposes a template update module called multi‐template temporary information fusion module (MTFM), which can be trained offline. By fusing multiple target template features on time series, the template can always adapt to the changes of target appearance in the tracking process. In order to train the MTFM, this paper proposes a training method using time series data and Mean Square Error (MSE) as the loss function. This paper uses the MTFM on SiamFC++ tracker, and obtains good experimental results in three challenging datasets, including VOT2016, OTB100 and GOT‐10k. The running speed of the algorithm on graphics processing unit (GPU) is maintained at about 200fps, which exhibits good real‐time performance.
Diabetes-Therapie: Was ist beim Datenschutz zu beachten?
Authors: Ebert Oliver
Published: August 2022

Das Einlesen von Messgeräten oder der Einsatz von Cloud-Lösungen gewinnen im Praxisalltag immer mehr an Bedeutung. Hierbei müssen die geltenden Datenschutzgesetze beachtet werden; ansonsten können empfindliche Bußgelder oder Schadensersatzforderungen drohen.
Kardiale autonome diabetische Neuropathie
Authors: Stirban Ovidiu Alin
Published: August 2022

Die kardiale autonome diabetische Neuropathie (KADN) geht mit einer erhöhten Mortalität und Morbidität einher. Sie kommt auch in frühen Phasen der Entwicklung eines Diabetes mellitus vor. Die KADN ist unterdiagnostiziert, unter anderem weil die Screening-Tests zeitaufwändig und kostspielig sind, aber auch weil unsere Wahrnehmung hinsichtlich der Bedeutung der KADN unzureichend ausgeprägt ist. Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit der Epidemiologie, der prognostischen Relevanz, Diagnostik, sowie Therapie der KADN.
Herzinsuffizienz bei Menschen mit Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Schütt Katharina
Published: August 2022

Die Herzinsuffizienz stellt eine wichtige Komorbidität bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus dar. Das Vorliegen beider Erkrankungen verschlechtert die Prognose der Patienten maßgeblich. Daher ist eine frühzeitige Diagnose und effiziente Therapie beider Erkrankungen immens wichtig. Die vorliegende Arbeit gibt einen Überblick über die Diagnose und Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz und erläutertet die Besonderheiten, auf die bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus geachtet werden sollte.
Diabetes, kardiovaskuläres Risiko und koronare Herzkrankheit
Authors: Macieira Sofia , Tonchevska Elena , Schnell Oliver
Published: August 2022

Diabetes mellitus und die koronare Herzkrankheit (KHK) sind assoziierte Erkrankungen, die sich gegenseitig verstärken. Charakteristisch ist, dass sich eine KHK bei Menschen mit Diabetes auf Basis instabiler atherosklerotischer Plaques entwickelt, die in den Koronararterien zu Erosion und Ruptur neigen. Aufgrund dieser Vernetzung und des hohen kardiovaskulären Risikos bei Diabetes, wird in gemeinsamen Empfehlungen der Europäischen Gesellschaft für Kardiologie (ESC) und der Europäischen Diabetesgesellschaft (EASD) auf die Notwendigkeit hingewiesen, bei Menschen mit Diabetes frühzeitig eine Risikostratifizierung durchzuführen mit dem Ziel, individualisierte therapeutische Strategien zu implementieren. Einerseits wird ein frühzeitiges Screening nach Typ-2-Diabetes und eine Indexierung bei moderatem, hohem oder sehr hohem kardiovaskulärem Risiko angeraten, andererseits wird eine medikamentöse Behandlung von Menschen mit Diabetes und KHK oder erhöhtem kardiovaskulärem Risiko z. B. mit SGLT2-Inhibitoren (SGLT2i) und GLP-1-Rezeptoragonisten (GLP-1 RA) empfohlen.
Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Directing-Group-Assisted C4-H Carbon–Carbon Bond Formation of Indole
Authors: Punniyamurthy Tharmalingam , Basak Shubhajit , Paul Tripti , Maharana Prabhat Kumar , Debnath Bijoy
Published: August 2022

C4-Functionalized indole scaffolds are ubiquitous in natural products, bioactive compounds, and pharmaceuticals. Much effort has thus been made to develop effective synthetic strategies for C4 functionalization of the indole core. Among them, chelation-assisted synthetic approaches using transition-metal catalysis for the C4-selective C–H functionalization of indole is attractive. This account highlights progress made in C4-carbon–carbon bond formation of indole using directing-group-assisted transition-metal-catalyzed C–H functionalization (up to May 2022). These studies have been performed using Ru, Rh, Pd and Ir-based catalytic systems, while attention has been focused on the use of first-row abundant catalytic systems.

1 Introduction

2 Alkylation

3 Acylation

4 Alkenylation

5 Alkynylation

6 Allylation

7 Annulation

8 Arylation

9 Conclusion and Outlook
How does the Belt and Road policy affect the level of green development? A quasi-natural experimental study considering the CO2 emission intensity of construction enterprises
Authors: Li Xingwei , Huang Yicheng , Li Xiangxue , Liu Xiang , Li Jingru , He Jinrong , Dai Jiachi
Published: August 2022

The ‘Belt and Road’ (B&R) Initiative has received attention from environmental researchers. However, there are no studies explaining the impact of the B&R policy on the green development (GD) of construction enterprises. We aim to find a mechanism for how the B&R policy impacts the GD level of construction enterprises. Consequently, on the basis of a fixed effects model, we consider the B&R policy and the background of GD in the construction industry and construct a model of the GD level of construction enterprises. Meanwhile, we use panel data for 28 provincial administrative regions of the Chinese government from 2010 to 2020 and analyse the implications of the B&R policy on the GD level of construction enterprises using Stata 16.0. The main conclusions are as follows. (1) A positive promotion effect is evident in the planned focus areas of the B&R policy on construction enterprises’ GD levels. (2) Research and development (R&D), regional development, education, labour productivity and investment in sewage treatment significantly affect the intensity of CO2 emissions of regional construction enterprises, thus increasing and hindering the GD of construction enterprises. Taking the findings of this study into account, this study contributes to the econometrics of construction enterprises in the area of sustainable development. Additionally, it provides policy ideas for the government to further build a green B&R.
Singly split single ring resonator: Fitting of lumped-element circuit model parameters and some aspects of resonator analysis and design
Authors: Hałgas Stanisław
Published: August 2022

In this article, a method is proposed to accurately estimate the fundamental resonance frequency of a singly split single resonator based on an equivalent circuit model. A database of several hundred resonators with resonance frequencies from 300 GHz to 1 THz was considered, and their fundamental resonance frequencies were determined using COMSOL software. Dependencies known from the literature that define the parameters of a circuit model of this resonator have been verified, and it has been shown that for planar resonators considered in this paper, these dependencies may lead to large errors. Different relationships defining resonator inductance and gap and surface capacitances were compared. It is shown that the use of Palmer’s formula is necessary for the correct determination of the gap capacitance. A formula for determining the surface capacitance is proposed. It has been optimized by introducing one parameter. As a result, an equation allowing for the precise determination of the resonance frequency of planar resonators was obtained. Next, statistical tests were performed and statistical measures were determined to describe the study sample. For the planar resistors in the considered dataset, the maximum relative percentage error in determining the resonant frequency was 4.25%, and the mean and median errors were about 1%. For the planar resonators not included in the dataset with a fundamental resonant frequency in the 1 GHz–5 THz range, a maximum error of 3.82% and a median error of less than 1.5% were obtained. In addition, the differential sensitivity was found to identify the local effect of changing resonator dimensions on the resonant frequency. A numerical method was also developed to size the resonator to the required resonant frequency.
Lowering the sintering temperature of calcium manganate for thermoelectric applications
Authors: Bresch Sophie , Mieller Björn , Moos Ralf , Rabe Torsten
Published: August 2022

This study combines three different approaches to lower the sintering temperature of Sm-doped CaMnO3 to save energy in production and facilitate co-firing with other low-firing oxides or metallization. The surface energy of the powder was increased by fine milling, sintering kinetics were enhanced by additives, and uniaxial pressure during sintering was applied. The shrinkage, density, microstructure, and thermoelectric properties were evaluated. Compared to micro-sized powder, the use of finely ground powder allows us to lower the sintering temperature by 150  K without reduction of the power factor. By screening the effect of various common additives on linear shrinkage of CaMnO3 after sintering at 1100°C for 2  h, CuO is identified as the most effective additive. Densification at sintering temperatures below 1000°C can be significantly increased by pressure-assisted sintering. The power factor at room temperature of CaMnO3 nano-powder sintered at 1250°C was 445  μW/(m K2). Sintering at 1100°C reduced the power factor to 130  μW/(m K2) for CaMnO3 nano-powder, while addition of 4  wt. % CuO to the same powder led to ∼290  μW/(m K2). The combination of fine milling, CuO addition, and pressure-assisted sintering at 950°C resulted in a power factor of ∼130  μW/(m K2). These results show that nano-sized powder and CuO addition are successful and recommendable strategies to produce CaMnO3 with competitive properties at significantly reduced temperatures and dwell times.
A non-intrusive reduced order model using deep learning for realistic wind data generation for small unmanned aerial systems in urban spaces
Authors: Vuppala Rohit K. S. S. , Kara Kursat
Published: August 2022

Realistic wind data are essential in developing, testing, and ensuring the safety of unmanned aerial systems in operation. Alternatives to Dryden and von Kármán turbulence models are required, aimed explicitly at urban air spaces to generate turbulent wind data. We present a novel method to generate realistic wind data for the safe operation of small unmanned aerial vehicles in urban spaces. We propose a non-intrusive reduced order modeling approach to replicate realistic wind data and predict wind fields. The method uses a well-established large-eddy simulation model, the parallelized large eddy simulation model, to generate high-fidelity data. To create a reduced-order model, we utilize proper orthogonal decomposition to extract modes from the three-dimensional space and use specialized recurrent neural networks and long-term short memory for stepping in time. This paper combines the traditional approach of using computational fluid dynamic simulations to generate wind data with deep learning and reduced-order modeling techniques to devise a methodology for a non-intrusive data-based model for wind field prediction. A simplistic model of an isolated urban subspace with a single building setup in neutral atmospheric conditions is considered a test case for the demonstration of the method.