bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identifying the role of carrier overflow and injection current efficiency in a GaN-based micro-LED efficiency droop model
Authors: Liu Yibo , Zhanghu Mengyuan , Feng Feng , Li Zichun , Zhang Ke , Kwok Hoi Sing , Liu Zhaojun
Published: April 2023

In this paper, we investigate the efficiency droop phenomenon in green and blue GaN-based micro-LEDs of various sizes. We discuss the distinct carrier overflow performance in green and blue devices by examining the doping profile extracted from capacitance-voltage characterization. By combining the size-dependent external quantum efficiency with the ABC model, we demonstrate the injection current efficiency droop. Furthermore, we observe that the efficiency droop is induced by injection current efficiency droop, with green micro-LEDs exhibiting a more pronounced droop due to more severe carrier overflow compared to blue micro-LEDs.
Analytical model of a diode-pumped cesium laser for investigation of upper-state mixing and quenching reactions
Authors: Endo Masamori , Nagaoka Hiroki , Wani Fumio
Published: April 2023

A one-dimensional analytical model of a diode-pumped cesium vapor laser was constructed, and equations were derived to explain the dependence of the laser power on the hydrocarbon gas partial pressure. By varying the hydrocarbon gas partial pressure over a wide range and measuring the laser power, the corresponding mixing and quenching rate constants were validated. A gas-flow Cs diode-pumped alkali laser (DPAL) was operated with methane, ethane, and propane as buffer gases, with the partial pressures varied from 0 to 2 atmospheres. The experimental results were found to be in good agreement with the analytical solutions, confirming the validity of our proposed method. Separate 3-D numerical simulations were performed, and the output power effectively reproduced the experimental results over the entire buffer gas pressure range.
Self-injection locking of a low-noise erbium-doped random fiber laser by a random fiber grating ring
Authors: Chen Chen , Wang Haiyang , Lu Ping , Mihailov Stephen , Chen Liang , Bao Xiaoyi
Published: April 2023

We demonstrate a self-injection locking (SIL) in an Er-doped random fiber laser by a high quality factor (high-Q) random fiber grating ring (RFGR) resonator, which enables a single-mode narrow-linewidth lasing with ultra-low intensity and frequency noise. The RFGR resonator includes a fiber ring with a random fiber grating to provide random feedback modes and noise suppression filters with self-adjusted peak frequency adaptable to small perturbations allowing single longitudinal mode over 7000 s with frequency jitter below 3.0 kHz. Single-mode operation is accomplished by carefully controlling phase delays and mode coupling of resonant modes between main ring and RFGR with a side-mode suppression ratio of 70 dB and narrow linewidth of 1.23 kHz. The relative intensity noise is −140 dB/Hz above 100 kHz and the frequency noise is 1 Hz/Hz1/2 above 10 kHz.
Light-field synthesizer based on multidimensional solitary states in hollow-core fibers
Authors: Truong Tran-Chau , Beetar John E , Chini Michael
Published: April 2023

Few-cycle, long-wavelength sources for generating isolated attosecond soft x ray pulses typically rely upon complex laser architectures. Here, we demonstrate a comparatively simple setup for generating sub-two-cycle pulses in the short-wave infrared based on multidimensional solitary states in an N2O-filled hollow-core fiber and a two-channel light-field synthesizer. Due to the temporal phase imprinted by the rotational nonlinearity of the molecular gas, the redshifted (from 1.03 to 1.36 µm central wavelength) supercontinuum pulses generated from a Yb-doped laser amplifier are compressed from 280 to 7 fs using only bulk materials for dispersion compensation.
Optimization of p-i-n GaAs/AlGaAs Heterojunction Nanowire Solar Cell for Improved Optical and Electrical Properties
Authors: Majumder Sambuddha , Ravindran Sooraj
Published: April 2023

This study focuses on optimizing the performance of pin junction GaAs/AlGaAs heterojunction nanowire solar cell arrays using optoelectronic simulations. The research investigates the optimal doping for the GaAs core and AlGaAs shell, as well as the impact of shell thickness and junction positions on solar cell performance. Additionally, the study examines the effect of various surface effects, including the presence of surface traps, surface recombination velocities, and associated lifetime degradation. The research finds that high doping density is crucial for achieving appropriate band configuration and carrier extraction. It also highlights that having a larger doping density is more important than having a larger lifetime. The study observes that having a thick AlGaAs shell at the cost of the intrinsic GaAs region can be detrimental to the performance of the solar cell. Finally, the research examines the effect of different Aluminium compositions on photogeneration inside the nanowire and shows that having a high Aluminium composition can confine most photogeneration to inner GaAs regions, potentially allowing for thicker Aluminium shells, which can more efficiently prevent surface recombination.
Predation drives complex eco-evolutionary dynamics in sexually selected traits
Authors: Lerch Brian A. , Servedio Maria R.
Published: April 2023

Predation plays a role in preventing the evolution of ever more complicated sexual displays, because such displays often increase an individual’s predation risk. Sexual selection theory, however, omits a key feature of predation in modeling costs to sexually selected traits: Predation is density dependent. As a result of this density dependence, predator–prey dynamics should feed back into the evolution of sexual displays, which, in turn, feeds back into predator–prey dynamics. Here, we develop both population and quantitative genetic models of sexual selection that explicitly link the evolution of sexual displays with predator–prey dynamics. Our primary result is that predation can drive eco-evolutionary cycles in sexually selected traits. We also show that mechanistically modeling the cost to sexual displays as predation leads to novel outcomes such as the maintenance of polymorphism in sexual displays and alters ecological dynamics by muting prey cycles. These results suggest predation as a potential mechanism to maintain variation in sexual displays and underscore that short-term studies of sexual display evolution may not accurately predict long-run dynamics. Further, they demonstrate that a common verbal model (that predation limits sexual displays) with widespread empirical support can result in unappreciated, complex dynamics due to the density-dependent nature of predation.
Unequal access to improved water and sanitation in a post-conflict context of Liberia: Evidence from the Demographic and Health Survey
Authors: Amoak Daniel , Bruser Gabrielle , Antabe Roger , Sano Yujiro , Luignaah Isaac
Published: April 2023

Public health and wellbeing in Liberia have been compromised by a lack of access to safe drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH), compounded by 14 years of civil unrest. After almost two decades of relative peace and stability, disparities in WASH access persist and diseases linked to WASH such as Ebola, cholera, and COVID-19 have posed major public health challenges. Yet, there is nascent research in the context of post-war Liberia examining the determinants of access to WASH. To contribute to WASH policy in Liberia, this study examined the predictors of improved water and sanitation using the 2019–20 Liberia Demographic and Health Survey. Using the complementary log-log link function, we found that some socioeconomic and geographical factors were associated with access to improved water and sanitation. For example, poorer and rural households were less likely to have access to improved water and sanitation compared to their wealthier and urban counterparts, respectively. Based on these findings, we discussed policy implications and potential directions for future research.
Musical theatre’s omnivorous voice: Interviews with elite voice teachers in the Broadway community
Authors: von Germeten Guro
Published: April 2023

This article explores how the pluralities of vocal behaviours and vocal aesthetics in present-day musical theatre are understood and manoeuvred in the context of teaching musical theatre voice. Transcribed interviews with six elite voice teachers in the Broadway community are analysed and placed into a conceptual framework of the ‘omnivorous voice’ (based on sociologist Richard Peterson’s writings on cultural omnivorousness and sociologist Antoine Hennion’s writings on tastes); the article also engages with Braun and Clarke’s reflexive thematic analysis. Four central themes are generated and discussed: (1) understanding omnivorous code-switching and shape-shifting as a fundamental potential of the voice, (2) manoeuvring vocal omnivorousness by carefully attending to sonic information, (3) searching for authenticity in an omnivorous vocal world and (4) expanding and diversifying vocal aesthetics beyond musical styles and genres. This article contributes to the fields of performing arts pedagogy and voice training in musical theatre, and aims to provide insights into how vocal technique and vocal aesthetics are influenced by, taught in, and created in dialogue with the communities and societies in which our voices exist. The last is especially explored in light of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Prevalence of Sarcopenia in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Mazeaud Simon , Zupo Roberta , Couret Alexis , Panza Francesco , Sardone Rodolfo , Castellana Fabio
Published: April 2023

Introduction:

Chronic liver disease (CLD) is often combined with a morbidity burden that strongly affects the functional domain. In liver cirrhosis (LC), qualitative and quantitative muscle wasting, known as sarcopenia, poses an added clinical burden, together with co-morbidities and a poor quality of life.

Methods:

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of sarcopenia in LC. The literature was screened through six electronic databases from the study's inception to January 2023. No exclusion criteria were applied to language, operative tools for diagnosing sarcopenia, population age, general health status, country, and study setting (cohort or cross-sectional). Two independent researchers applied the inclusion criteria in parallel to evaluate the eligibility of the 44 retrieved articles; only 36 met the eligibility requirements, reporting 36 prevalence entries on sarcopenia in LC.

Results:

The total sample (N=8821) was slightly dominated by males (N=4941). The cross-sectional design predominated over the longitudinal, and the hospital setting was prevalent. The pooled prevalence of sarcopenia across the selected studies was 33% (95% CI 0.32-0.34), with high heterogeneity (I

2
=96%). A further meta-analysis using the Child-Pugh (CP) score to stage LC was conducted on 24 entries, and the results showed that for the LC populations classified with the CP-A, CP-B, and CP-C staging, respectively, the overall mean prevalence was 28% (95%CI 0.26-0.29), 27% (95%CI 0.25-0.29), and 30% (95%CI 0.27-0.29). The risk of bias was moderate. In LC, one in three patients suffers sarcopenia.

Discussion:

Poor management of muscle mass loss plays a role in the prognosis of death and quality of life of LC patients. Clinicians in the field are recommended, when screening for sarcopenia, to pay close attention by carefully assessing body composition as part of the monitoring scheme.
El profesor como mediador intercultural y su papel en la enseñanza de aspectos socioculturales a través de recursos lingüísticos y pragmáticos
Authors: Tatoj Cecylia , Balches Arenas Rafael Sergio
Published: April 2023

The learning of a foreign language cannot be carried out in the usual theoretical way, but it is necessary to broaden the scope, focusing on active praxis. In fact, it will be necessary to establish a basis that implies, on the one hand, the implementation of real elements of society and culture in the classroom and, on the other hand, that these elements are based on valid samples, which is what the CEFR-CV currently demands for the effective teaching of a language. Interculturality becomes an invaluable ally, given that in every situation in which it is possible to establish a direct relationship between the teaching of grammar from the perspective of active praxis and the linguistic realizations that result from this teaching action, we must observe that it is necessary to teach a language in which there are no predetermined models, having to attend to the habitual realizations used by native speakers in real interactions in all their variants and fields.
Ein Jahr Erstcheck NS-Raubgut für Öffentliche Bibliotheken
Authors: Köhler Norman
Published: April 2023

The article presents the two-year research project “Initial check Nazi-looted materials in public libraries” / „Erstcheck NS-Raubgut für Öffentliche Bibliotheken“, which aims to examine and assess the old collections of participating public libraries from eight German states regarding Nazi-looted materials. The findings obtained during the first year of work on the research project will be outlined.
Improved diagnostics of purine and pyrimidine metabolism disorders using LC-MS/MS and its clinical application
Authors: Cremonesi Alessio , Meili David , Rassi Anahita , Poms Martin , Tavazzi Barbara , Škopová Václava , Häberle Johannes , Zikánová Marie , Hersberger Martin
Published: April 2023

Objectives

To develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method to quantify 41 different purine and pyrimidine (PuPy) metabolites in human urine to allow detection of most known disorders in this metabolic pathway and to determine reference intervals.

Methods

Urine samples were diluted with an aqueous buffer to minimize ion suppression. For detection and quantification, liquid chromatography was combined with electrospray ionization, tandem mass spectrometry and multiple reaction monitoring. Transitions and instrument settings were established to quantify 41 analytes and nine stable-isotope-labeled internal standards (IS).

Results

The established method is precise (intra-day CV: 1.4–6.3%; inter-day CV: 1.3–15.2%), accurate (95.2% external quality control results within ±2 SD and 99.0% within ±3 SD; analyte recoveries: 61–121%), sensitive and has a broad dynamic range to quantify normal and pathological metabolite concentrations within one run. All analytes except aminoimidazole ribonucleoside (AIr) are stable before, during and after sample preparation. Moreover, analytes are not affected by five cycles of freeze-thawing (variation: −5.6 to 7.4%), are stable in thymol (variation: −8.4 to 12.9%) and the lithogenic metabolites also in HCl conserved urine. Age-dependent reference intervals from 3,368 urine samples were determined and used to diagnose 11 new patients within 7 years (total performed tests: 4,206).

Conclusions

The presented method and reference intervals enable the quantification of 41 metabolites and the potential diagnosis of up to 25 disorders of PuPy metabolism.
Efficacy of bronchoscopic intratumoral injection of endostar and cisplatin in lung squamous cell carcinoma patients underwent conventional chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Ji Yanzhen , Luan Shuli , Yang Xiaoping , Yin Bin , Jin Xiaojie , Wang Haiyan , Jiang Wenqing
Published: April 2023

Bronchoscopy has been widely used for the therapy of lung cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy and adverse reactions of bronchoscopic intratumoral injection of endostar and cisplatin in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). A total of 40 LSCC patients who underwent conventional chemoradiotherapy were included in this study, and 20 of them received a bronchoscopic injection of endostar and cisplatin as an additive therapeutic modality (treatment group). The clinical response rate, progression-free survival (PFS), and adverse reactions of the patients were compared and analyzed. The treatment group had better short- and long-term therapeutic efficacy compared to the control group, but no significant differences were observed between the two therapeutic regimens in adverse reactions. Elderly and advanced LSCC patients had worse therapeutic efficacy and a high probability of adverse reactions after the therapy. Collectively, our analysis data demonstrated that the bronchoscopic intratumoral injection of endostar and cisplatin had improved therapeutic efficacy, and the cardiovascular adverse reactions were within the controllable range in the treatment of LSCC in clinical practices.
Silencing of long noncoding RNA MIAT inhibits the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells by promoting miR-378a-5p expression
Authors: Yan Chao , Jin Yue
Published: April 2023

Myocardial infarction–associated transcript (MIAT) is a long noncoding RNA that plays a critical role in a variety of diseases. Accordingly, this study probed into the possible interaction mechanism between MIAT and miR-378a-5p in breast cancer. Concretely, MIAT and miR-378a-5p expressions in breast cancer tissues and cells were measured. After transfection with siMIAT and miR-378a-5p inhibitor, the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells were examined by cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays. The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins were detected. According to the results, MIAT was highly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cells. MIAT silencing could decrease Bcl-2 expression, viability, and proliferation of breast cancer cells and increase the expressions of cleaved caspase-3 and Bax. MIAT and miR-378a-5p could directly bind to each other, and MIAT silencing promoted the expression of miR-378a-5p. miR-378a-5p expression was low in breast cancer tissues. The miR-378a-5p inhibitor enhanced the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells and partially reversed the effects of MIAT silencing on the breast cancer cells. In conclusion, MIAT silencing inhibits the viability and proliferation of breast cancer cells by promoting miR-378a-5p, indicating the potential of MIAT as a new target for the treatment of breast cancer.
Russlands bataillonstaktische Gruppen in der operativen Planung und im taktischen Einsatz im Krieg um die Ukraine 2014 bis 2023
Authors: Reisner Markus , Hahn Christian
Published: April 2023

Kurzfassung

Im Rahmen ihres 2008 gestarteten Modernisierungsprogramms haben die russischen Heeresverbände starkes Gewicht auf bataillonstaktische Gruppen (BTG) gelegt. Diese erschienen besonders geeignet für den Einsatz in lokalen und kleinen Kriegen und fanden erstmals Einsatz im Ukraine-Konflikt 2014. Nach den Erfahrungen aus diesem sowie dem Syrien-Konflikt wurden Organisation und Einsatz der BTGs erheblich verbessert. Im Zuge des russischen Angriffskriegs vom Februar 2022 maß Russland der Rolle von BTGs hohe Bedeutung zu, was sich offensichtlich als Irrtum erwies. Dieser Beitrag analysiert die verschiedenen Kriegsphasen und zeigt auf, wie wenig der BTG-Ansatz Russland geholfen hat, seine Kriegsziele zu erreichen, und welche Faktoren für den Ausgang dieses Kriegs bestimmend sein werden.
Investigation of stepped microbeam vibration motions according to modified couple stress theory
Authors: Polat Sırrı Can , Bağdatlı Süleyman Murat
Published: April 2023

In this study, linear and nonlinear vibration movements of simply supported stepped microbeams placed in a magnetic field have been analyzed using Modified Couple Stress Theory. By taking into account the step radius ratio, step-change position, and material size parameter, the equations of motion of the stepped-microbeam are obtained using the Hamilton principle. The resulting equations of motion are nondimensionalized to eliminate dependence on material type and geometric structure. The approximate solution of the dimensionless equations of motion is calculated using the method of multiple scales, one of the perturbation methods. The solution stages of the study are divided into two separate parts as linear and nonlinear problems. Firstly, the linear issue of the stepped microbeam is addressed. The natural frequencies of the system are derived by solving the linear problem. Linear and nonlinear effects of step radius ratio, step-change position, and microbeam coefficient are investigated and frequency-amplitude graphs are presented. The resonance state where forcing frequency is equal to natural frequency is examined and stability analysis has been made.
RESEÑA/REPORT DIÁLOGOS POSDIGITALES LAS TRIC COMO MEDIOS PARA LA TRASFORMACIÓN SOCIAL
Authors: Gascón Vera Patricia
Published: April 2023

Es el tiempo del humanismo. En la era postdigital, donde las inteligencias artificiales conquistan espacios hasta ahora humanos, la apuesta por las inteligencias múltiples que solo son resultado del estudio y el fomento de las relaciones, es indispensable.

Con esta premisa, los valedores del término TRIC, aquel que difiere del modelo instrumentalista TIC por la R del Factor Relacional, Carmen Marta-Lazo y José Antonio Gabelas-Barroso publican en sus diálogos posdigitales la adaptación de este constructo a las nuevas fórmulas. Aquellas que ejecutan desde el transmedia los medios y entremedios sobre los que ayudan a reenfocar su modelo de relación para la transformación social.
Spit It Out: Is Caffeine Mouth Rinse an Effective Ergogenic Aid? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Nabuco Lara Lima , Mendes Guilherme Falcão , Barreto Gabriel , Saunders Bryan , Reis Caio Eduardo Gonçalves
Published: April 2023

The effects of caffeine mouth rinse (Caff-MR) on sports performance have been evaluated by recent studies presenting contrasting results. Therefore, this systematic review aimed to summarize the evidence regarding the effects of Caff-MR on sports performance. According to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses recommendations, the search through PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed until December 2021. A random-effects meta-analysis of standardized mean differences was performed to assess the overall effect of Caff-MR on sports performance-related outcomes. Sixteen studies met the inclusion criteria (207 participants). The meta-analysis showed no significant overall effect of Caff-MR on sports performance (p = 0.09). Moreover, no effects were shown on maximal heart rate or ratings of perceived exertion. The risk of bias for the included studies assessed using the risk of bias in randomized trials Cochrane tool presented 87.5% (n = 14) of the studies as medium and 12.5% (n = 2) as high scores. These data do not support using Caff-MR for sports performance, although more consistent and well-controlled studies are warranted. Large heterogeneity in study designs precludes making practical recommendations for exercise performance. More research is warranted to elucidate the potential of Caff-MR, specifically focusing on determining the optimal dose.
A Country in Abeyance
Authors: Wickramasinghe Nira
Published: April 2023

Amid an economic meltdown in 2022, a nonviolent citizens movement in Sri Lanka ousted Prime Minister Mahinda Rajapaksa and President Gotabaya Rajapaksa, brothers from a family that had dominated national politics since 2005. But Parliament filled the presidential vacancy with Ranil Wickremesinghe, a six-time former prime minister seen as a proxy for his predecessors. After a draconian crackdown on protesters, the streets have quieted. But the country’s underlying economic and political crisis, which has roots in the early postcolonial period and the civil war, and was worsened by the Rajapaksas’ autocratic misrule, persists. The new administration has avoided the systemic change demanded by protesters.
Temporal evolution of under-ice meltwater layers and false bottoms and their impact on summer Arctic sea ice mass balance
Authors: Salganik Evgenii , Katlein Christian , Lange Benjamin A. , Matero Ilkka , Lei Ruibo , Fong Allison A. , Fons Steven W. , Divine Dmitry , Oggier Marc , Castellani Giulia , Bozzato Deborah , Chamberlain Emelia J. , Hoppe Clara J. M. , Müller Oliver , Gardner Jessie , Rinke Annette , Pereira Patric Simões , Ulfsbo Adam , Marsay Chris , Webster Melinda A. , Maus Sönke , Høyland Knut V. , Granskog Mats A.
Published: April 2023

Low-salinity meltwater from Arctic sea ice and its snow cover accumulates and creates under-ice meltwater layers below sea ice. These meltwater layers can result in the formation of new ice layers, or false bottoms, at the interface of this low-salinity meltwater and colder seawater. As part of the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of the Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), we used a combination of sea ice coring, temperature profiles from thermistor strings and underwater multibeam sonar surveys with a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) to study the areal coverage and temporal evolution of under-ice meltwater layers and false bottoms during the summer melt season from mid-June until late July. ROV surveys indicated that the areal coverage of false bottoms for a part of the MOSAiC Central Observatory (350 by 200 m2) was 21%. Presence of false bottoms reduced bottom ice melt by 7–8% due to the local decrease in the ocean heat flux, which can be described by a thermodynamic model. Under-ice meltwater layer thickness was larger below first-year ice and thinner below thicker second-year ice. We also found that thick ice and ridge keels confined the areas in which under-ice meltwater accumulated, preventing its mixing with underlying seawater. While a thermodynamic model could reproduce false bottom growth and melt, it could not describe the observed bottom melt rates of the ice above false bottoms. We also show that the evolution of under-ice meltwater-layer salinity below first-year ice is linked to brine flushing from the above sea ice and accumulating in the meltwater layer above the false bottom. The results of this study aid in estimating the contribution of under-ice meltwater layers and false bottoms to the mass balance and salt budget for Arctic summer sea ice.
The mitochondrial ribosomal protein mRpL4 regulates Notch signaling
Authors: Mo Dongqing , Liu Chenglin , Chen Yao , Cheng Xinkai , Shen Jie , Zhao Long , Zhang Junzheng
Published: April 2023

Mitochondrial ribosomal proteins (MRPs) assemble as specialized ribosome to synthesize mtDNA‐encoded proteins, which are essential for mitochondrial bioenergetic and metabolic processes. MRPs are required for fundamental cellular activities during animal development, but their roles beyond mitochondrial protein translation are poorly understood. Here, we report a conserved role of the mitochondrial ribosomal protein L4 (mRpL4) in Notch signaling. Genetic analyses demonstrate that mRpL4 is required in the Notch signal‐receiving cells to permit target gene transcription during Drosophila wing development. We find that mRpL4 physically and genetically interacts with the WD40 repeat protein wap and activates the transcription of Notch signaling targets. We show that human mRpL4 is capable of replacing fly mRpL4 during wing development. Furthermore, knockout of mRpL4 in zebrafish leads to downregulated expression of Notch signaling components. Thus, we have discovered a previously unknown function of mRpL4 during animal development.
Addressing Child Mental Health Inequities Through Parental Mental Health and Preschool Attendance
Authors: Goldfeld Sharon , Moreno-Betancur Margarita , Gray Sarah , Guo Shuaijun , Downes Marnie , O’Connor Elodie , Azpitarte Francisco , Badland Hannah , Redmond Gerry , Williams Katrina , Woolfenden Sue , Mensah Fiona , O’Connor Meredith
Published: April 2023

BACKGROUND

Prevention is key to reducing socioeconomic inequities in children’s mental health problems, especially given limited availability and accessibility of services. We investigated the potential to reduce inequities for disadvantaged children by improving parental mental health and preschool attendance in early childhood.

METHODS

Data from the nationally representative birth cohort, Longitudinal Study of Australian Children (N = 5107, commenced in 2004), were used to examine the impact of socioeconomic disadvantage (0–1 year) on children’s mental health problems (10–11 years). Using an interventional effects approach, we estimated the extent to which inequities could be reduced by improving disadvantaged children’s parental mental health (4–5 years) and their preschool attendance (4–5 years).

RESULTS

Disadvantaged children had a higher prevalence of elevated mental health symptoms (32.8%) compared with their nondisadvantaged peers (18.7%): confounder-adjusted difference in prevalence is 11.6% (95% confidence interval: 7.7% to 15.4%). Improving disadvantaged children’s parental mental health and their preschool attendance to the level of their nondisadvantaged peers could reduce 6.5% and 0.3% of socioeconomic differences in children’s mental health problems, respectively (equivalent to 0.8% and 0.04% absolute reductions). If these interventions were delivered in combination, a 10.8% (95% confidence interval: 6.9% to 14.7%) higher prevalence of elevated symptoms would remain for disadvantaged children.

CONCLUSIONS

Targeted policy interventions that improve parental mental health and preschool attendance for disadvantaged children are potential opportunities to reduce socioeconomic inequities in children’s mental health problems. Such interventions should be considered within a broader, sustained, and multipronged approach that includes addressing socioeconomic disadvantage itself.
A külföldi hallgatók elégedettsége és hűsége a Covid–19-járvány miatti intézkedések tükrében
Authors: Kéri Anita
Published: April 2023

A külföldi hallgatók elégedettségét és az egyetemhez való lojalitását korábban
már számos kutató tanulmányozta. Kevés kutatás készült azonban arról, hogy a
Covid–19-járvány miatti intézkedések miként befolyásolták a fent említett
tényezőket. Ezért a jelen cikk célja feltárni, hogy a Covid–19-intézkedések
észlelt hatékonysága hogyan befolyásolta a külföldi hallgatói elégedettséget és
lojalitást, valamint ezek kapcsolatát a világjárvány idején. A kutatás
lebonyolítására egy magyar felsőoktatási intézményben került sor a pandémia
ideje alatt, egy online kérdőíves felmérés formájában, melynek alanyai az
intézmény külföldi hallgatói voltak. A 91 külföldi hallgató válaszain alapuló
eredmények azt mutatják, hogy a Covid–19-világjárványra vonatkozó intézkedések
észlelt hatékonysága jelentős moderáló hatást gyakorolt a külföldi hallgatók
elégedettségére és lojalitására. A tanulmányban az elégedettség és a lojalitás
fogalomköreit a felsőoktatási marketing szemüvegén keresztül értelmezem.
Modern Attendance System - A New Way For Taking Attendance by Face Recognition
Authors: Roy Shreyas , Chatterjee Srijan , Jana Soham , Dasgupta Romit , Ghosh Shuvrojyoti , Mandal Sandip
Published: April 2023

In this digital era, face recognition system plays a vital role in almost every sector. Face recognition is one of the mostly used biometrics. It can used for security, authentication, identification, and has got many more advan- tages. Despite of having low accuracy when compared to
iris recognition and fingerprint recognition, it is being widely used due to its contactless and non-invasive process. Furthermore, face recognition system can also be used for attendance marking in schools, colleges, offices, etc. This system aims to build a class attendance system which
uses the concept of face recognition as existing manual attendance system is time consuming and problematic to maintain. And there may be chances of proxy attendance. Thus, the need for this system increases. Faces are detected and recognized from a camera placed inside the classroom.
COVID-19 vaccination and case fatality rates: a case report in a Brazilian municipality
Authors: Paludetto Junior Moacir , Olak André S. , Passarelli-Araujo Hisrael , Susuki Aline M. , Aschner Michael , Pott-Junior Henrique , Paoliello Monica M. B. , Urbano Mariana R.
Published: April 2023

Vaccination campaigns played a crucial role in reducing the incidence of COVID-19. However, a scant number of studies evaluated the impact of vaccination on case fatality rates (CFRs), including in Brazil. Our study aimed to compare CFRs according to vaccination status among subjects living in Arapongas (Paraná State, Brazil), considering the age composition of the population. Several strategies adopted by the Arapongas City Hall to minimize the spread of the virus were also elaborated upon. We accessed the 2021 database of the Arapongas Municipal Health Department, in which a total of 16,437 confirmed cases and 425 deaths were reported. The CFR was calculated as the ratio between COVID-19 deaths and the number of confirmed cases. Differences in age composition between unvaccinated and fully vaccinated individuals were observed in our study. Considering that CFR is a crude indicator and is highly sensitive to the age composition of the population, we adopted the average age distribution of confirmed cases among the three vaccination statuses (unvaccinated, partially, and fully) as a standard age distribution. The age-standardized CFR for unvaccinated and fully vaccinated groups were 4.55% and 2.42%, respectively. Fully vaccinated individuals showed lower age-specific CFRs in all age groups above 60 years than unvaccinated populations. Our findings strengthen the role of vaccination as a critical measure for preventing deaths among infected people and is particularly important to the ongoing reassessment of public health interventions and policies.
Improving the quality of external cause of death data in Brazil: evaluation and validation of a new form to investigate garbage codes
Authors: Martins Soares Filho Adauto , Lima Raquel Barbosa de , Merchan-Hamann Edgar , Souza Maria de Fátima Marinho de , Mikkelsen Lene , Mahesh Pasyodun Koralage Buddhika , Adair Tim
Published: April 2023

Garbage codes, such as external causes with no specific information, indicate poor quality cause of death data. Investigation of garbage codes via an effective instrument is necessary to convert them into useful data for public health. This study analyzed the performance and suitability of the new investigation of deaths from external causes (IDEC) form to improve the quality of external cause of death data in Brazil. The performance of the IDEC form on 133 external garbage codes deaths was compared with a stratified matched sample of 992 (16%) investigated deaths that used the standard garbage codes form. Consistency between these two groups was checked. The percentage of garbage codes from external causes reclassified into valid causes with a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) was analyzed. Reclassification for specific causes has been described. Qualitative data on the feasibility of the form were recorded by field investigators. Investigation using the new form reduced all external garbage codes by -92.5% (95%CI: -97.0; -88.0), whereas the existing form decreased garbage codes by -60.5% (95%CI: -63.5; -57.4). The IDEC form presented higher effectivity for external-cause garbage codes of determined intent. Deaths that remained garbage codes mainly lacked information about the circumstances of poisoning and/or vehicle accidents. Despite the fact that field investigators considered the IDEC form feasible, they suggested modifications for further improvement. The new form was more effective than the current standard form in improving the quality of defined external causes.
Avaliação dos dados de mortes por COVID-19 nas bases dos cartórios do RC-Arpen, SIVEP-Gripe e SIM no Brasil em 2020
Authors: Guedes Ricardo , Dutra Gilson José , Machado Cecilia , Palma Marina Aguiar
Published: April 2023

Este estudo compara os registros de óbitos por COVID-19 em 2020 para todo o território nacional. Utilizamos três bases distintas: Registro Civil (RC-Arpen), Sistema de Informação sobre Mortalidade (SIM) e Sistema de Informação da Vigilância Epidemiológica da Gripe (SIVEP-Gripe). Há discordâncias entre os números de mortes por COVID-19 divulgados pelas diversas bases e essas diferenças variam em cada Unidade da Federação. A base do RC-Arpen é atualizada mais rapidamente que as outras duas bases do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde - DATASUS (SIM e SIVEP-Gripe), além de ser mais indicada para monitoramentos e pesquisas que abrangem períodos mais recentes. Apesar da atualização mais lenta, as bases do DATASUS apresentam números geograficamente similares e divulgam dados mais detalhados sobre as mortes. Esse detalhamento das informações torna as bases do DATASUS mais adequadas para pesquisas que demandam mais informações sobre o paciente e o tratamento.
BARIMEP: A TOOL FOR TRAINING BARIATRIC SURGERY PATIENTS
Authors: GHIZONI Carolina Mocellin , OLIVEIRA-CARLOS Ligia de , BARETTA Giorgio Alfredo Pedroso , BARETTA Arieli Luz Rodrigues , CAMBI Maria Paula Carlin , CAMPOS Antonio Carlos Ligocki
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND Bariatric surgery patients have symptoms such as “plugging.” Therefore, a possible good way to avoid these eating discomforts, typical of the early period after bariatric surgery, is to educate the patient. The Mindful Eating (ME) consists of paying attention to physical signs of hunger and satiety and developing awareness of emotional triggers related to food. In addition, conscious food choices reflect positively on the speed of chewing at mealtime. AIMS Due to the difficulties that patients reported during consultations to controlling their bad eating habits and the lack of tools to help the bariatric patient change eating habits, we elaborated “BariMEP: A Mindful Eating Placemat for bariatric surgery patients.” METHODS The BariMEP was written by the multidisciplinary bariatric team based on a study by Russell et al. and ME principles in order to help bariatric patients pay attention to what and how they eat at each meal. RESULTS The BariMEP has some instructions based on Mindful Eating principles: get your seat at the table; do not distract yourself; before starting to eat, try breathing sometimes; recognize the internal hunger and satiety cues; let the fork rest at each bite and chew a lot; pay attention to the smell and taste; and be as present as possible at this time with nonjudgment. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, a tool has been developed with the aim of preparing the patient for bariatric surgery. Since the BariMEP is easy to teach and cheap, we suggest that the BariMEP be included in the bariatric surgery protocol.
Resistance determinants of emerging pathogens isolated from an intensive care unit as a parameter of population health conditions of the Legal Amazon microregion
Authors: Deusdará T. T. , Felix M. K. C. , Brito H. S. , Ribeiro D. R. , Cangussu E. W. S. , Albuquerque B. , Santos G. R. , Chaves J. R. , Carvalho W. C. R. , Astolfi-Filho S. , Assunção E. N. , Mariúba L. A. M. , Nogueira P. A. , Viana K. F. , Brandi I. V. , Cangussu A. S. R.
Published: April 2023

Abstract Bacteria responsible for causing infections are common in hospital environments, water, soil, and food products. The infection risk is intensified by the absence of public sanitation, poor quality of life, and food scarcity. These external factors promote the dissemination of pathogens by direct contamination or biofilm formation. In this work, we identified bacterial isolates obtained from intensive care units in the southern region of Tocantins, Brazil. We compared matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) techniques and 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) molecular analysis; we also performed phenotypic characterization. Fifty-six isolates characterized using morphotinctorial tests were classified as gram-positive (80.4%; n = 45) and gram-negative (19.6%; n = 11) and were resistant to several antibiotic classes; notably, we identified the blaOXA-23 resistance gene in the ILH10 isolate. Microbial identification using MALDI-TOF MS resulted in the identification of Sphingomonas paucimobilis and Bacillus circulans. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed four isolates belonging to the genera Bacillus and Acinetobacter. The similarity was superior to 99% for Acinetobacter schindleri in the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST), grouped in the clade superior to 90%. Several strains isolated from intensive care units (ICU) were resistant to various antibiotic classes. These techniques allowed for the identification of several microorganisms of importance in public health, enabling improvements in human infection control and proving the quality of inputs, food, and water.
“The Vile Gallicisms, which Today Make Ugly Many Translations”: The Influence of the French Language on Iberian Translations from the Turn of the Eighteenth to the Nineteenth Century
Authors: DeNipoti Cláudio
Published: April 2023

ABSTRACT From the final decades of the Eighteenth century, in the speeches of Iberian literate elites, we can notice a systematic effort to diminish or avoid the influence of the French language on texts written in Portuguese and Spanish, originals or translations from French, particularly what is defined as “Gallicism”. Considering the enormous editorial volume of written, printed or translated books into French in the second half of the century, Iberian censors, translators, editors and commentators point to the presence of “French” words and constructions in the Portuguese and Castilian printed word. This study tries to see this issue in the light of the use of Gallicisms as part of the neologisms necessary to understand the advances in science and the arts in the Iberian Peninsula of the period.
Public Rituals with the Intervention of Juan de Albuquerque, First Bishop of Goa Resident in Asia. Languages of Transference or Accommodation?
Authors: Paiva José Pedro
Published: April 2023

Abstract One of the strategies adopted by the Franciscan Juan de Albuquerque, the first bishop of India to live in Asia, when he landed in Goa in 1538, was to perform and intervene in public rituals, such as the sacredness of the cathedral, the baptisms of important local figures, the blessing of the Portuguese armies leaving for war, the enthronement of governors or viceroys and the practices of ecclesiastical justice. This article offers the mapping and reconstitution of these events based on a large array of primary and secondary sources. We argue that the models that conformed these ceremonies had a pattern that replicated in Asia the European rituals. In this study we will evaluate how those rituals conformed to the world that, for the Portuguese settled there, was new and different: Goa in the 40s-50s of the sixteenth century.
Do corporate governance drive firm performance? Evidence from Indonesia
Authors: Zarefar Arumega , Narsa I Made
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This study examines the effect of audit committee characteristics and board diversity on the performance of companies in Indonesia. In addition, this research also explores the effect of the audit committee's characteristics and the board's diversity on the company's performance in various age classifications. The study involves 170 samples of primary and secondary sector firms registered on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2014 to 2020, analyzed by data panel regression analysis. The study's main findings disclosed that the audit committee's size and the competence of the financial audit committee are positively influencing the market-based firm performance. However, it does not significantly affect the audit committee's meeting frequency regarding the market-based strong performance. Furthermore, the study discloses that foreign and board gender positively influences market-based firm performance. Such findings benefit policymakers in developing appropriate governance mechanisms in the Indonesian market as a developing country. To the best author's knowledge, this study is the first to comprehensively analyze the association between audit committee characteristics and board diversity on market-based firm performance. Furthermore, no previous study conducted additional analyzes based on firm age in the Indonesian context.
ACESSO À CRECHE NOS MUNICÍPIOS DO BRASIL: POSSIBILIDADES PARA O MONITORAMENTO
Authors: Couto André Augusto Anjos , Sousa Sandra Zákia
Published: April 2023

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar possibilidades de monitoramento do acesso à creche no nível municipal. Como estratégia metodológica foram calculadas taxas de atendimento escolar utilizando-se dados de matrículas obtidos no censo escolar e dados populacionais calculados a partir da metodologia de correlação de razões. Os resultados demonstraram que, em média, os municípios atendem 32,2% das crianças com até três anos, sendo evidenciadas desigualdades no acesso relacionadas à localização e ao contexto socioeconômico. A metodologia utilizada revelou potencial para auxiliar no monitoramento anual do acesso à creche em municípios do país.
COMPETIR O MORIR: LA ELECCIÓN ESCOLAR COMO TECNOLOGÍA BIOPOLÍTICA
Authors: Fernández González Noelia
Published: April 2023

Resumen El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar cómo la lógica de competencia entre centros, introducida mediante las políticas de elección escolar, se transforma en una lógica de supervivencia desde la perspectiva de quienes habitan los centros en situación más comprometida, en los llamados “centros gueto”. Para mostrarlo, nos apoyamos en un estudio cualitativo con entrevistas comprensivas con 16 docentes y directores/as de centros públicos en Madrid. A partir del análisis de entrevistas, sostenemos que la elección escolar no es tan sólo una tecnología de gubernamentalidad neoliberal, sino también una tecnología de biopolítica educativa que “hace vivir a unos y deja morir a otros”.
EDUCAÇÃO ESPECIAL NA PANDEMIA: ESTRATÉGIAS E DESAFIOS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Pagaime Adriana , Kumada Kate Mamhy Oliveira , Drago Silvana Lucena dos Santos , Prieto Rosângela Gavioli , Melo Douglas Christian Ferrari de , Artes Amélia
Published: April 2023

Resumo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar estratégias e desafios identificados no início da pandemia de covid-19 para a escolarização do público-alvo da educação especial, com foco na percepção de docentes do ensino fundamental das redes públicas. Os dados foram gerados a partir das respostas de 937 docentes de todo o Brasil a um questionário on-line, divulgado em plataforma acessível e traduzido em Libras. Dentre os resultados, observou-se que, apesar do investimento no fomento de tecnologias digitais antes da pandemia, o ensino remoto foi, predominantemente, conduzido pelo uso de material impresso, sendo o trabalho com esse alunado a distância apontado como o maior desafio. Espera-se com este estudo contribuir para o mapeamento das implicações do ensino remoto para a educação especial.
UNA MIRADA A LAS GEOGRAFÍAS DE LA INFANCIA DESDE EL ANÁLISIS DE LOS PATIOS ESCOLARES
Authors: Saiz-Linares Ángela , Ceballos-López Noelia
Published: April 2023

Resumen Este trabajo analiza la experiencia del alumnado de distintas escuelas de Cantabria (España) en los espacios escolares externos, a través del análisis que realizan los maestros en formación sobre cómo usan, interpretan y se relacionan con la infancia. Metodológicamente, se encuadra en el ámbito de la investigación cualitativa, con la observación de 47 centros y maestras en formación de la Universidad de Cantabria, y estrategias innovadoras como el Map-making. Encontramos que los patios analizados responden a un diseño que poco enfoca las características y necesidades de la infancia, con elementos y ambientes poco estimulantes y estereotipados y una escasa relación con la naturaleza. Concluimos que hay que considerar a la infancia como un informante experto acerca de su propio juego.