bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary measurements of oil paint on paper using a mid-infrared hyperspectral imaging system with a bolometer camera and image interferometer.
Authors: SUGAWARA SHIGERU , Ishimaru Ichiro
Published: June 2023

The research focuses on developing a cutting-edge far-infrared HSI (Hyperspectral imaging) system using a bolometer camera, a unique instrument worldwide. This system has been utilized to conduct test measurements on various samples. While previous measurements with this system successfully captured the transmission of samples and the characteristics of inks and adhesives on aluminum plates, the current study introduces improvements in the instrument and measurement method. These advancements have allowed for measuring oil paints on paper, marking a significant achievement. Specifically, 16 different oil paints (four black, four white, four blue, and four red) were subjected to measurement. A compact far-infrared HSI instrument comprising an imaging interferometer and a bolometer camera was employed. The obtained spectra were compared with those obtained using another FTIR spectrometer. To ensure consistent measurements, the sample was rotated during the process, guaranteeing uniform spectra across the entire field of view of the instrument. The success or failure of each measurement was also determined by analyzing the amplitude of the interference signal in each pixel. The results revealed varying degrees of success among the measured oil paints, with paints exhibiting higher reflectance yielding better results, while paints with lower reflectance posed significant challenges. Furthermore, the success of the measurements was influenced by the orientation of the sample's undulating surface. These results show that oil paints can be measured with the world's first far-infrared HIS system with a bolometer camera.
Validation of a Multidisciplinary Virtual Reality (VR) Robotic Surgical Curriculum
Authors: Kim Jessica S , Jonas Nicholas , Rizvi Tasneem Zaihra , Lin Zhibang , Plewa Deanna , Ricard Caroline , Cheah Yee Lee , Simon Caroline , Wright Valena
Published: June 2023

Objective: To identify whether trainees demonstrate improvement in a standardized knot-tying task as assessed by Global Evaluative Assessment of Robotic Skills (GEARS) score after completion of a virtual reality (VR) robotic curriculum.
Design: An IRB-exempt prospective study conducted with surgical trainees from August 2021 – February 2023. Participants initially performed a baseline robotic suturing task in which they were instructed to tie interrupted square knots in 10 minutes. Participants then completed a virtual reality simulation curriculum involving 23 exercises until they achieved 90% proficiency on all tasks. Participants then repeated the suturing task. Pre- and post- curriculum suturing tasks were recorded, de-identified, and scored by expert graders using a GEARS score.
Setting: Trainees from three academic centers were invited to participate.
Participants: Medical students (MS1-MS3) and surgical residents from gynecology, urology, and general surgery were invited to participate.
Results: 25 trainees completed the pre-curriculum suturing task, the VR curriculum, and the post-curriculum suturing task. Trainees demonstrated significant improvement in their post-test GEARS score by 2.43 points (95% CI 1.19 - 3.66, p<0.05) and were able to tie three additional knots within 10 minutes after completion of the curriculum (95% CI 1.54 - 3.58, p<0.05). Trainees also demonstrated a faster time to complete first knot (129.24 second improvement, 95% CI 65.66 - 192.82, p<0.05) after completion of the curriculum. PGY3 trainees were able to tie more knots prior to the curriculum as compared to PGY1 trainees and medical students (p<0.05), but this difference was no longer significant after all groups completed the curriculum (p=0.04).
Conclusion: Surgical trainees and medical students with limited prior robotic surgical experience demonstrated objective improvement after completion of a standardized VR curriculum.
Prognostic Factors for Surgical Management of Ipsilateral Femoral Neck and Shaft Fractures
Authors: Yang Lixin , Sun Tao , Liu Jianning , Li Xu , Guo Jichao , Li Sheng , Qi Dongxu , Wang Wei
Published: June 2023

Background
The aim of this study is to determine the risk factors affecting postoperative function of ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fracture.
Methods
From January 2014 to December 2020, patients with ipsilateral femur neck and shaft fractures were enrolled in this study. All of the patients underwent surgical treatment, and the date of the preoperative and 2-year follow-up were analyzed. The functional results were evaluated according to Freidman and Wyman functional criteria. Associations between clinical variables and function of postoperative were examined in univariate and multivariate analysis.
Results
Of all the 53 patients, 39 patients (73.6%) had good or fair functional recovery, while 14 patients (26.4%) had bad functional recovery. Univariate analysis showed that age, BMI (body mass index), internal fixation method, osteoporosis, intraoperative bleeding and deep venous thrombosis (DVT) were related with functional recovery. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that internal fixation method, BMI and DVT were independently associated with the functional recovery of patients 2 years after surgery.
Conclusions
This study found that the use of reconstruction nailing was a favorable prognostic factor, while obesity and DVT are adverse factors for ipsilateral femoral neck and shaft fractures, which may provide reliable reference for orthopedic surgeons.
NMTHC: a hybrid error correction method using a machine translation model based on the sequence-to-sequence framework
Authors: Wang Rongshu , Chen Jianhua , Lu Zhiwen
Published: June 2023

Background
With the development of sequencing technology, the reads produced by third-generation sequencing technologies have ultra-long lengths and cost-effectiveness and have drawn the favor of many application scenes. However, compared with the shorter reads obtained by next-generation sequencing, the high error rates of these long reads affect the accuracy in downstream analysis.
Results
In this work, a novel hybrid error correction algorithm (NMTHC) based on the sequence-to-sequence framework is proposed, which converts the long-read error correction problem into a machine translation problem in natural language processing. First, the high-precision short reads are aligned to the long reads to generate alignment information, and then the long reads and alignment information are tokenized to generate “long sentences” and “target sentences”. The generated sequences are padded to the same length and then divided into batches for training. Both the encoding and the decoding layer of the model use the bidirectional Long Short-term Memory (Bi-LSTM) network to encode and decode hidden state information, and the generated token and the updated state at the current time step are used to predict the token of the next time step.
Conclusions
We have tested our algorithm on subsets of long reads, and the results show that NMTHC is not only excellent in the number of aligned bases with the reference genome but also improves the alignment identity without any loss of the read length. In addition, it has been proved that NMTHC can be distributed in multiple GPUs to improve the correction speed. In summary, NMTHC can correct long reads more accurately while keeping read length and continuity. It can be applied to sequencing data from both mainstream platforms and provides a new perspective for hybrid error correction algorithms based on deep learning.
Pathology of knee osteoarthritis pain: contribution of joint structural changes and pain sensitization to movement-evoked pain in knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Hattori Takafumi , Ohga Satoshi , Shimo Kazuhiro , Matsubara Takako
Published: June 2023

Movement-evoked pain (MEP) is the primary symptom in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). This study aimed to investigate the contribution of joint structural changes and pain sensitization to the mechanisms of MEP in KOA. A total of 86 patients were assessed for demographic characteristics, osteoarthritis severity, Whole-Organ Magnetic Resonance Imaging Score – Hoffa synovitis and bone marrow lesions, pressure pain threshold and temporal summation of pain at the knee and forearm, Central Sensitization Inventory-9, and MEP. Knee pain was scored using a numerical rating scale (NRS, 0–100) before and every minute during a 6-min walking test (6MWT), and the MEP index was defined as the change in NRS pain score from baseline to the 6th minute of walking. On average, pain during 6MWT increased by 14.4 ± 15.5 points on the NRS relative to baseline, with 30.2% of patients showing an increase of 20 points or more. The hierarchical linear regression analysis revealed that Hoffa synovitis and temporal summation of pain at the knee were associated with the MEP index. The findings of this study suggest that both joint pathology, such as synovitis, and neural mechanisms, such as central sensitization, play a role in the development of MEP in KOA.
Carbon and oxygen isotope characteristics of carbonate rocks in the Mesoproterozoic Jixian System of the Ordos Basin and their implications
Authors: Xiaofeng Liu , Zenglin Hong , Jiwei Liang , Xiaodan Guo , Xue Xueping , Li Shifeng
Published: June 2023

The paleoenvironment of Jixian carbonate rocks in the Mesoproterozoic Ordos Basin is studied by carbon and oxygen isotope analysis, diagenetic environment analysis, and restoration of paleosalinity and paleotemperature. The results indicate that the carbonate rocks of the Jixian System have always been in a near surface environment and have not been deeply buried, the variation range of d 13CPDB and d18OPDB is relatively narrow, ranging from -5.75 ‰ to 1.41 ‰ and -8.88 ‰ to -4.01 ‰, respectively, which is consistent with the stable tidal flat sedimentary environment during the Mesoproterozoic in the study area. The paleosalinity (Z) ranges from 111.7 to 127.1, and the paleotemperature (T) ranges from 32.71℃ to 57.33 ℃, indicating a relatively warm paleoclimatic environment during the Mesoproterozoic period in the study area. Analysis shows that in a warm paleoclimatic environment, although carbon and oxygen isotopes, Z, and T have certain fluctuations, their range is relatively small, reflecting to some extent the stable tectonic environment of the study area during the Mesoproterozoic period. Comprehensive research shows that the Ordos Basin had a warm climate and a stable tectonic environment in the Mesoproterozoic, which may be a good response to the North China Block's position near the equator and continuous thermal subsidence in the Mesoproterozoic.
Effects of an early transfer from incubator to a warming crib in very low birthweight preterm infants
Authors: Greve Sandra , Bruns Nora , Dathe Anne-Kathrin , Schuendeln Michael , Felderhoff-Müser Ursula , Stein Anja
Published: June 2023

Purpose: Very low birth weight infants are cared for postnatally in the incubator because of adverse consequences of hypothermia. Data on the optimal weight of transfer to a warming crib are rare. The aim of this study was to determine the course of temperature and body weight during a standardized transfer to a warming crib at a set weight.
Methods: Prospective intervention study in very low birthweight infants who were transferred from the incubator to a warming crib at a current weight between 1500g and 1650g.
Results: No infant had to be transferred back to an incubator. Length of hospital stay was equal compared to a historical cohort from the two years directly before the intervention. The intervention group showed an increase in the volume fed orally on the day after transfer to the warming crib, although this did not translate into an earlier discontinuation of gavage feedings. Compared to the historical group, infants in the intervention group could be transferred to an unheated crib at an earlier postmenstrual age and weight.
Conclusions: Early transfer from the incubator to a warming crib between 1500 g and 1650 g is feasible and not associated with adverse short-term events or outcomes.
Tag-SNPs identification in Gaddi dogs in the light of divergent canine breeds
Authors: Kaur Bhawanpreet , Mahajan SK , Mukhopadhyay Chandra Sekhar
Published: June 2023

The present research proposal was designed to explore the tag-SNPs in indigenous Gaddi dogs concerning other popular dog breeds maintained in India and to determine the genome-wide distributed SNPs, haplotype and linkage disequilibrium (LD). In this study, ddRAD-GBS custom sequencing was done using Illumina 150 bp paired-end sequencing of fifty dog samples. A total of 3,56,461 SNPs loci were screened, out of which 75811 high-quality SNPs were screened. Linkage disequilibrium (LD), Haplotype analysis, and tag-SNP identified using pipelines based on Linux using bash. sed and awk coding, R-environment. The cataloging of the tag-SNPs associated with underlying different pathways and the validation of selected genes based on Th1 (IL-2, TNF-alpha), Th2-biased pathways (IL-10), and diseases-associated (CDK2, TTC8) using q-real-time PCR. The results indicated about 2033 tag-SNPs were found to be statistically significant (P < 0.000001) and cataloged the associated genes. The relative expression of genes was expressed in both groups. The IL-10 gene shows significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). The findings provide important information for future allele/gene identification using genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for dog-breeding programs. This is the maiden report on tag-SNPs and the population structure of the Indian dog breeds (Gaddi & Mudhol Hound) at the molecular level.
Responses of Coastal Wetlands to Rising Sea-Level Revisited: The Importance of Organic Production
Authors: Morris James T , Sundberg Karen
Published: June 2023

A network of 15 Surface Elevation Tables (SET) at North Inlet estuary, SC, have been monitored on annual or monthly time scales beginning from 1990 to 1996. The initial elevations spanned a range from suboptimal to superoptimal relative to the vertical growth range of the dominant vegetation, Spartina alterniflora. Of 98 time series, 20 have elevation gains equal to or exceeding the local rate of sea-level rise (SLR, 0.34 cm/yr). The elevation gain in North Inlet is dominated by organic production and, we hypothesize, is proportional to net ecosystem production. The rate of elevation change was 0.47 cm/yr in plots experimentally fertilized for 10 years with N&P compared to nearby control plots that have gained 0.1 cm/yr in 26 yr. The excess gains and losses of elevation in fertilized plots are accounted for by changes in belowground biomass and turnover. This is supported by bioassay experiments in marsh organs where in 3 years the belowground biomass of fertilized S. alterniflora plants increased by 1,772 g m-2 yr-1, which is equivalent to 2.1 cm/yr. Root biomass was greater in the fertilized treatment than in controls, but in both treatments, roots plateaued at about 973 g m-2 and 613 g m-2, respectively. Growth of belowground biomass was dominated by rhizomes, which continued to grow at a rate of 1,227 g m-2 yr-1 in the fertilized treatment after 3 years. Wetlands like North Inlet could be classified as autonomous because they depend on in situ organic production to maintain elevation. Autonomous wetlands are more vulnerable to SLR because their elevation gains are limited by net ecosystem production whereas minerotrophic wetlands are limited ultimately only by the mineral sediment supply.
Optically Transparent Microstrip Feed Lens Antenna for 6G Wireless Backhaul Communication
Authors: P Jeyakumar , S Saranya , K Sachin Aravinth , PS Praveen Anandh , P Muthuchidambaranathan
Published: June 2023

The demand for high-data-rate communication services in 5G and 6G wireless communication systems has led to an increasing need for mounting multiple access points and base stations. However, the proliferation of these infrastructure elements can result in a cluttered and visually unappealing environment. To address this issue, optically transparent antennas (OTAs) offer an ideal solution by maintaining device aesthetics while fulfilling coverage and bandwidth requirements. In this work, initially link budget analysis for deployment of wireless backhaul communication system with target data rate of 100 Gbps. Then, we have designed microstrip fed with lens antenna for operating the frequency of 300GHz.These antennas were designed and simulated using the High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) with transparent quartz glass as the substrate and graphene as the patch material. To obtain a high-directional beam, a hollow hemispherical lens made of lead sil-icate was used. By using a lens, the gain is increased by about 50%, i.e., 9.63 dB, when compared to the normal antenna gain of 6.13 dB.
Statistical de Rham Hodge operators and general Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorems for manifolds with boundary
Authors: Li Hongfeng , Wu Tong , Wang Yong
Published: June 2023

In this paper, we establish some general Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorems for any dimensional manifolds with boundary which generalize the results in [S. Wei, Y. Wang, Statistical de Rham Hodge operators and the Kastler-Kalau-Walze type theorem for manifolds with boundary. J. Nonlinear Math. Phys. 28(2), 254-275, (2021)].
The study of antistaphylococcal potential of Omiganan and retro-Omiganan under flow conditions
Authors: Jaśkiewicz Maciej , Neubauer Damian , Sikora Karol , Bauer Marta , Bartoszewska Sylwia , Błażewicz Izabela , Marek Dariusz , Barańska-Rybak Wioletta , Kamysz Wojciech
Published: June 2023

Staphylococcus aureus is considered as one of the leading pathogens responsible for infections in humans and animals. The heterogeneous nature of diseases caused by these bacteria is due to occurrence of multiple strains, differentiated by several mechanisms of antibiotic resistance and virulence factors. One of these is the ability to form biofilm. Biofilm-associated bacteria exhibit a different phenotype that protects them from external factors such as activity of immune system or antimicrobial substances. Moreover, it was shown that in majority of persistent and recurrent infections is associated with the presence of the biofilm. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are compounds widely distributed in nature as a key component of non-specific immunity of organisms with a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity. Their amino acid-based structure as well as approaches of chemical synthesis indicate that AMPs provide an excellent matrix for the development of new antimicrobials. Omiganan an analog of Indolicidin, is a peptide derived from bovine neutrophil granules which was found to exhibit high antistaphylococcal and antibiofilm potential. Furthermore, its analog with a reversed sequence (retro-Omiganan) was found to display enhanced activity against a variety of pathogens. The aim of this study was to investigate the activity of both compounds against S. aureus biofilm under flow conditions. The advantage of this approach was that it offered the opportunity to form and characterize the biofilm under more controlled conditions. To do this, unique flow cells made of polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) were developed. The activity against pre-formed biofilm as well AMPs-treated bacteria was measured. Also, incorporation of Omiganan and retro-Omiganan into the channels was conducted to learn whether or not it would inhibit the development of biofilm. The results of the microbiological tests ultimately confirmed the high potential of the Omiganan and its retro analog. Moreover, the developed methodology allows implementation of the studies under flow conditions to other compounds.
Agreement on actions to be taken and their respective importance in the assessment, treatment and follow-up of phlebitis secondary to peripheral venous catheterisation: a Delphi study at national level in Spain
Authors: Torné-Ruiz Alba , Reguant Mercedes , Sanromà-Ortiz Montse , Piriz Marta , García-Expósito Judith , Roca Judith
Published: June 2023

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Effect of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) on early implantation using the three-dimensional spheroid model with human endometrial cell line, Ishikawa
Authors: KOO Myoungjoo , KANG Inyoung , JUN Jin Hyun , Lee Jaewang
Published: June 2023

Background
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) has endocrine-disrupting effect and has been widely used as brominated flame retardant in industrial products. The endocrine-disrupting chemical has effects on female reproduction such as infertility, hormone imbalance, and endometriosis. In Korea, the problems of infertility and the decreasing birth rate are concerns. Exposure to EDCs might have a harmful effect on childbearing-age women. This study aimed to investigate the effect of TBBPA on infertility, particularly on uterus endometrium early implantation events.
Results
The expression of mRNA was analyzed by qRT-PCR. The mRNA expression of TBBPA on Ishikawa cells, IL-6, IL-1β, TNF- α, and LIF were significantly increased. Moreover, the outgrowth area in the TBBPA group has significantly decreased compared with the control. On the other hand, TBBPA had a slight effect on protein level and attachment rate.
Conclusions
In this study, TBBPA occurred inflammatory environmental milieu in mRNA expression. The increase of inflammation-related cytokines in the endometrium can disrupt the implantation of the embryo. Also, the TBBPA disrupted the outgrowth of spheroids on the endometrium, however, the protein levels and attachment rate were comparable to the control group. The effect of TBBPA on implantation events should be further clarified.
Return to work after cancer–the impact of working conditions: A Norwegian Register-based Study.
Authors: Le Giang Huong , Hermansen Åsmund , Dahl Espen
Published: June 2023

Purpose
The purpose of this project is to compare a cohort of cancer survivors with a cohort of cancer-free employees (1) with respect to employment prospects over a 15-year period and (2) with respect to the differential impact of working conditions on employment over this time period.
Methods
The cancer cohort is retrieved from the Cancer Registry of Norway, while data on the non-cancer cohort are retrieved from register data managed by Statistics Norway. Job exposure matrices were used to remedy the lack of working-conditions information in the register data. We use nearest-neighbor matching to match the non-cancer cohort (the control group) to the cancer-survivor cohort (the treatment group). Cox regression analysis was applied to examine the relationships between working conditions, employment, and cancer. The results are reported separately for mechanical-job exposure and psychosocial exposure, as well as by gender.
Results
Cancer survivors are more likely to experience reduced employment as compared to individuals without a history of cancer. Male cancer survivors in physically demanding occupations have an increased risk of reduced employment after being diagnosed with cancer. This does not apply to female cancer survivors. Regarding the impact of psychosocial exposures on employment, we find no differences over time between cancer survivors and the non-cancer population.
Conclusions
Male cancer survivors in physically demanding occupations have an increased risk of reduced employment after being diagnosed with cancer, whereas this is not the case for female cancer survivors. Psychosocial exposures do not impact the relative risk of reduced employment over time.
Implications for cancer survivors:
We suggest that return to work after cancer should be considered a process rather than only the re-entry step of resuming work. Thus, it is important to provide long-term support for cancer survivors. We recommend providing more attention to working conditions, particularly in occupations that involve a high level of mechanical-job exposure.
Identification of a Interferon-Stimulated gene Signature for Predicting Prognosis, Tumor Microenvironment, and Drug Candidates in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Shuo , Zhou Zhonghan , Du Weimin , Wang Zhongxia , Jiang Chunping
Published: June 2023

Background
Interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) play critical roles not only in antiviral defense and adaptive immunity but also in the progression of cancer and the immune response. However, there is limited research delineating the relationship between ISGs and HCC prognosis, tumor microenvironment (TME), and response to immunotherapy.
Methods
The transcriptional and relevant clinical data of HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and The International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) databases, which were used for internal and external validation, respectively. First, ISGs that were differentially expressed in HCC tissues compared to adjacent non-tumor tissues and were also associated with prognosis were screened. Second, the prognostic model based on ISGs was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. Next, we analyzed the relationship between the prognosis model and clinical outcomes, clinical and pathological features, immune microenvironment, and response to immunotherapy. Finally, the expression levels of three ISGs were validated by real-time PCR in normal and HCC cell lines.
Results
Three ISGs (BUB1, NDC80, and SOCS2) were selected to establish the prognostic model. The model has good predictive power for clinical outcomes, clinical and pathological features, gene mutations, tumor microenvironment, and response to immunotherapy. The ROC curve analysis confirmed the predictive efficacy of the model. Furthermore, the results of real-time PCR showed that BUB1 and NDC80 were highly expressed in tumor cell lines, and SOCS2 was highly expressed in normal liver cell lines.
Conclusion
The prognostic model based on three ISGs can accurately predict the clinical outcomes, clinical and pathological features, gene mutations, tumor microenvironment, and response to immunotherapy in HCC patients.
A Novel Method for Predicting Plant Leaf Disease Based on Machine Learning and Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: A Dinesh , P Balakannan S. , M Maragatharajan
Published: June 2023

Plants are valued for their practical purposes (food, medicine, etc.) and are thus considered indispensable. Diseases that attack the plant's leaves might strike at any time among plantings, wreaking havoc on the crop and its economic value. Consequently, the ability to recognize leaf diseases is extremely important in the agricultural sector. Nonetheless, it calls for a lot of work, additional time for planning, and an in-depth understanding of plant pathogens. Both “deep learning (DL) and Machine Learning (ML)” algorithms for diagnosing leaf diseases have been created and evaluated by several researchers, with generally favorable results for both categories of techniques. However, they still have certain issues when it comes to covering large regions to detect leaf diseases. We offer a new method for disease prediction in leaves, which we name Multi-Gradient Deep Convolutional Neural Network with Adaptive Support Vector Machine (M-D-C-A-S). We were able to cover he largest area with the greatest accuracy, and our technique outperformed other more conventional approaches. To evaluate the efficacy of the prediction of leaf diseases, a variety of measures are used, like accuracy, precision, f1-score, and recall. Experiments that predicted plant leaf diseases demonstrated the viability and efficacy of our technique.
Implementation of a Graphene-Based RGW Coupler for THz Applications
Authors: Kiani Narges , Hamedani Farzad Tavakkol , Rezaei Pejman
Published: June 2023

Ridge gap waveguide is one of the new technologies in the field of waveguides. Their advantages include being planar, low cost of construction, shielding by metal without the need for problems related to packaging, the formation of a narrow gap enclosed between two metal plates, realization of the texture on one of the metal plates and lower losses. These structures have no mechanical connection. While electric currents must flow in them. In this article, two graphene-based ridge gap waveguide coupler structures are presented. The designed structures are used in the THz band. By using graphene in the THz frequency band, frequency reconfigurable can be achieved. S-parameters curves, phase difference diagrams and e-field distributions are reported for two graphene-based ridge gap waveguide couplers.
Sand Fineness Modulus Prediction in Construction Sector Using Convolutional Neural Network
Authors: FAHAD AL , NAYEM NAYMUL HASAN , HOSSAIN MD. NASHIB , RABBANI MD. LITON , OPU RAIHAN KHAN , SHUAEB S M ABDULLAH AL
Published: June 2023

Background
The construction industry relies heavily on the sand. In construction, the fineness modulus of sand is an important parameter. It impacts the relative proportions in the mix, the workability, the economy, the porosity, and the strength of the concrete. This standard specifies that sand's fineness modulus should not be less than 2.3 and not more than 3.1. Sand's fineness modulus refers to the mean size of its particles.
Methods/Analysis/Findings:
There is a remarkable success in predicting various fruits images, grains, vegetables, and soils using convolutional neural networks. Convolutional neural networks (CNN) are introduced here as a deep learning-based approach to sand fineness modulus value prediction. The CNN algorithm extracts automatic features, so this research was conducted on the latest CNN architecture, ResNet-50. Currently, the sand (FM) is calculated based on laboratory sieve analysis, which is an accurate but time-consuming process. For that, the instance method is necessary to determine the sand's fineness modulus. We have proposed a novel image-based model to predict sand FM values. However, sand the fineness modulus (FM) can be quickly determined using images, but with low accuracy.
Applications/Improvements:
In experiments using our proposed method, we achieved 94.6% accuracy. There is also evidence that the proposed image-based system performs better on each of the five standard assessment metrics, including accuracy, precision, recall, specificity, and the F-score, when predicting Fineness Modulus (FM) values.
Identifying Missing Data Handling Methods with Text Mining
Authors: Boros Krisztián , Kmetty Zoltán
Published: June 2023

Missing data is an inevitable aspect of every empirical research. Researchers developed several techniques to handle missing data to avoid information loss and biases. Over the past 50 years, these methods have become more and more efficient and also more complex. Building on previous review studies, this paper aims to analyze what kind of missing data handling methods are used among various scientific disciplines. For the analysis, we used nearly 50.000 scientific articles that were published between 1999 and 2016. JSTOR provided the data in text format. Furthermore, we utilized a text-mining approach to extract the necessary information from our corpus. Our results show that the usage of advanced missing data handling methods such as Multiple Imputation or Full Information Maximum Likelihood estimation is steadily growing in the examination period. Additionally, simpler methods, like listwise and pairwise deletion, are still in widespread use.
Void Growth and Coalescence in Sigmoidal Hardening Porous Plastic Solids under Tensile and Shear Loading
Authors: Datta Showren , Joshi Shailendra
Published: June 2023

This work examines the void growth and coalescence in isotropic porous elastoplastic solids with sigmoidal material hardening via finite element three-dimensional unit cell calculations. The investigations are carried out for various combinations of stress triaxiality ratio T and Lode parameter L and considers a wide range of sigmoidal hardening behaviors with effective hardening rates spanning two decades. The effect of L is considered in the presence and in the absence of imposed shear stress. Our findings reveal that depending on the rate of sigmoidal hardening the cell stress-strain responses may exhibit two distinct transitions with respect to stress triaxiality T. Further, the sigmoidal hardening rate also influences porosity evolution which may show stagnation before a runaway growth up to final failure. For a given T-L combination, an imposed shear stress exacerbates the onset of coalescence relative to its counterpart with no imposed shear stress. We find that the residual cell ductility beyond the onset of coalescence is strongly influenced by the effective material hardening rate at high triaxiality levels.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) MSC code1 · MSC code2 · more
Comparison of risk factors and complications in patients with myocardial infarction of two types, STEMI and NSTEMI, between the age groups greater than 40 years and less than 40 years.
Authors: Khurjia Mohammad Al l , Al-Kosere Mahmoud , Fawares Maamoun AL- , Nabulsi Ahmad
Published: June 2023

Background: AMI, commonly referred to in general terms as a heart attack, is often caused by reduced or interrupted blood flow to a part of the heart, leading to myocardial necrosis. This is generally the result of a blood clot in the coronary artery that supplies that area of the heart muscle.
Methods: An observational study of the type of cross-sectional study. This study targeted the patients of Damascus Hospital. Where the sample was randomly selected, about (200) patients were selected who met specific acceptance criteria, the most important of which is the presence of adequate information in the file, while all patients were excluded according to specific exclusion criteria.
- Admission Criteria: Patients admitted to the ambulance or internal department at Al-Mujtahid Hospital, who were treated within the hospital and were not referred to other hospitals.
- Exclusion criteria: Patients whose information important for conducting the research was not explicitly documented in the files or who had a lack of basic study information.
- Place of study: Damascus Hospital (Al-Mujtahid).
- Study time: between 1/12/2023 and 4/15/2023.
Results: The most important factors and determinants associated with a higher risk of developing myocardial infarction in a certain age group (under 40 years) than the corresponding ones (over 40 years) according to the conducted statistical analysis:
- Under 40 years of age: alcoholism and a family history of death from heart disease.
- Over 40 years: BMI, low physical and physical activity, unhealthy diet, atherosclerosis, and high blood pressure.
conclusion: Through our study that compared the risk factors for myocardial infarction, we recommend avoiding all risk factors for myocardial infarction, especially before the age of 40 years, as these factors accelerate the risk of myocardial infarction and the risk of life-threatening complications or even death. Therefore, we recommend the following:
- Avoid excessive alcohol consumption at a young age because of its current and cumulative effect on the risk of myocardial infarction.
- We recommend that all patients under the age of 40 and those with a family history of myocardial infarction visit a cardiologist regularly for examinations and reassurance.
- Maintain low-effort exercise on a daily basis, such as walking. And moderate-intensity sports twice a week for all age groups, especially for those under 40 years old.
Many of the risk factors for myocardial infarction do not often exist suddenly or without warning, but rather they are cumulative with age, so paying attention to heart and physical health before the age of 40 has the greatest impact in preventing or avoiding the risks of infection in the future.
The role of GABA in semantic memory and its neuroplasticity
Authors: Williams Stephen , Ralph Matthew Lambon , Jung JeYoung
Published: June 2023

A fundamental aspect of neuroscience is understanding neural functioning and plasticity of the brain. The anterior temporal lobe (ATL) is a hub for semantic memory, which generates coherent semantic representations about the world. GABAergic inhibition plays a crucial role in shaping human cognition and plasticity, but it is unclear how this inhibition relates to human semantic memory. Here, we employed a combination of continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS), MR spectroscopy and fMRI to investigate the role of GABA in semantic memory and its neuroplasticity. Our results demonstrated that the inhibitory cTBS increased regional GABA levels in the ATL and decreased ATL blood-oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) activity during semantic processing. Importantly, changes in GABA levels were strongly associated with changes in regional activity induced by cTBS. These results suggest that GABAergic activity may be the mechanism by which cTBS induces after effects on cortical excitability. Furthermore, individuals with better semantic performance exhibited selective activity in the ATL, attributable to higher concentrations of inhibitory GABA, which can sharpen distributed semantic representations, leading to more precise semantic processing. Our results revealed a non-linear, inverted-U-shape relationship between GABA levels in the ATL and semantic performance, thus offering an explanation for the individual differences in the cTBS effect on task performance. These results provide neurochemical and anatomical specificity in shaping task-related cortical activity and behaviour. Understanding the link between neurochemistry and semantic memory has important implications for understanding individual differences in semantic behaviour and developing therapeutic interventions for patients with semantic impairments.
The VR digital media visual design system based on the ecological environment characteristics of Yanyu in the south of the Yangtze River
Authors: Pan Lin
Published: June 2023

The virtual reality technology can simulate more pictures and bring people a certain visual enjoyment. In this regard, in the visual design of digital media technology, the application of virtual reality technology can change the traditional way of visual design, guide the extraction of ecological environment characteristics, and improve its own film and television production, enrich the content of the picture, and use diversification. Only by improving the experience visually and audibly can the design of digital media be further improved. In this paper, the use value and use method of computer virtualization technology are mainly analyzed, as well as the effect of its development and practical application, and the interpretation of the current development status. The rapid development of social and economic level has provided new demands and strong development impetus for the progress of science and technology. In this social background, information technology emerged as the times require. The application of information technology has changed the way of life and operation of an era. Bringing many changes to people's lives, at the same time, the development of information technology has also spawned other new science and technology, virtual reality technology (VR) and augmented reality technology (AR) are some of them. VR technology and AR technology are emerging technologies that can connect reality and virtual information world. Their application brings people a richer information experience, greatly improves people's sensory experience, and has very high practical application significance. This paper combines machine learning method and VR digital media technology to study the visual design system under the characteristics of Jiangnan Yanyu Shengtian environment, and illustrates the superiority of this method through examples.
Effect of three collagen crosslinkers on the shear bond strength of self – etch adhesive system to dentin at varying time intervals.
Authors: Chundi Bharathi
Published: June 2023

Abstract

Background:

When resin composite is bonded to dentin, the bond strength reduces with increase in depth of dentin. This is due to the increase in number of dentinal tubules, their diameter and less amount of intertubular dentin compared to “superficial dentin.21”

Objective:

This study proposes to improve  bond strength of dentin to composite by biomodifying the dentin substrate prior to application of composite with three different crosslinking agents i;e Glutaraldehyde, Genipin and Riboflavin at varying time intervals.

Method:

42 extracted maxillary incisor teeth were selected. Teeth were sectioned to mesial and distal halves. (n=84). Specimens were divided into 4 groups. Group I was used as control group and   Glutaraldehyde, Genipin and Riboflavin crosslinking agents were applied to other groups (II, III, IV) respectively before applying composite resin. These groups were further subdivided into A and B groups based on time of applying crosslinking agent. Shear bond strength was calculated for all specimens using universal testing machine. Results were analysed using Student t test for intra-group and inter-group comparison.

 Results:

Greater bond strengths were recorded in all the groups compared to the control group. Application of Glutaraldehyde and Genipin as crosslinking agents reported higher shear bond strength compared to application of Riboflavin.  The mean shear bond strength values further increased with increased application time of crosslinking agent.          

Conclusion:

Dentin surface pre-treatment with crosslinking agents at varying time intervals

substantially improved the bond strength.
Malignant transformation of Oral submucous fibrosis to Oral Squamous cell carcinoma : A case report
Authors: Dr. Kanika Sharma  , Dr. Paramjit Singh  , Dr. Mahima Tyagi  , Dr. Ravneet Malhi
Published: June 2023

Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a potentially malignant disorder with high rate of malignant transformation. Oral epithelium being thin and atrophic becomes more vulnerable to attack of carcinogens. Malignant transformation in OSMF usually occurs gradually over a long period of time. Here, we report a case of oral submucous fibrosis turning into malignancy in a 27-year-old male patient.
Post Treatment Complications after Removal of impacted third molar: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Rela Rathi
Published: June 2023

AbstractIntroduction: Removal of third molar is that the most typical intervention performed procedure related to an honest array of complications. the foremost commonly encountered complications are pain, paraesthesia, trismus, swelling and mandibular fractures.

Aim: The objective of this study was to study the complication associated with extraction of impacted third molar with age.

Materials and Method: All the surgical removal of third molars which were performed within a private clinic during 1-year period from October 2019 – October 2020 were retrospectively analysed and included within the study. Presence of post-operative complications like pain (more than 3 days), paraesthesia, mandibular fracture, Alveolar osteitis (dry socket), bleeding, trismus or edema in conjunction with demographic features and thus the type of impaction was noted. Data was arranged during a tabulated form and analyzed using Epi Info software. Result: There are 59 males and 56 females who underwent transalveolar extraction of third molar. The mean age of females was 47.21 12.2 years and males were 48.32 11.5 years. It had been found that pain was the foremost commonly encountered complication, seen in 57.4% of the patients. Pain was followed by swelling which was seen in 42.2% of the themes. Trismus ranked third, seen in 23.2% of subjects. It was found that pain was most frequently seen among the age group of 20(21.6%) and least frequently seen amongst 20-40 years aged (15.2%).

Conclusion: Pain was the foremost common complication followed by swelling and Trismus. Keywords: pain, paraesthesia, third, molar, complication.
BIOPSY PROVEN ACUTE INTERSTITIA NEPHRITIS SECONDARY TO NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS ABUSE IN A SIXTY TWO YEAR OLD MAN
Authors: P.K Uduagbamen , A.O Shitu , GH Ano-Edward , S.O Idris , O.E Kasali , I.O Dairo
Published: June 2023

Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) can be caused by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) particularly in prolonged therapy and large doses. We present the management and reviewed the literature. Sixty-two year old man with, vomiting and hiccups of one week after seven weeks of daily Diclofenac sodium100mg and Meloxicam 15 mg, for body pains. Results: He had asterixis. Laboratories showed pyuria, haematuria, anemia (28%), creatinine (714 Ã‚Âµmol/L) and potassium (6.9 mmol/L). Histology showed acute interstitial nephritis. He had cardio-protective-treatment and haemodialysis, with kidney function restoration. Conclusion: NSAIDs should be taken in low, single doses and, for short period to avoid AIN. Haemodialysis is beneficial in restoring kidney function.
Assessing the Readiness of Lecturers and Students in Adapting to Online Learning in Vocational Higher Education
Authors: Utami Sri , Suprianti Yanti
Published: June 2023

The research aimed to identify the teaching experience carried out by lecturers in vocational higher education, Department of Energy Conversion Engineering, dominated by practical lectures during online learning. Online learning carried out during the pandemic was one of the efforts to manage the learning process to suppress the coronavirus's spread (COVID-19). In the learning process, which involved students and lecturers, limitations were not only felt by students as participants in the learning process but also by lecturers who were in charge of the courses. Activities in the laboratory were undertaken at all levels and accounted for more than 40% of all learning activities. The experience of the online teaching process for vocational engineering education was very interesting to be researched since the challenges of delivering practical material had a 50% proportion of the entire course. Observations on laboratory activities during online lectures could be a reference for further learning activities. Qualitative methods were used by observation, data collection and compilation, and analysis. From the data that have been accumulated, it can be concluded that several components become obstacles in the online learning process for engineering/vocational higher education. However, some parts are also considered beneficial during the learning process for the lecturers and students.
Awareness and Implementation of MBKM Program as Flexible Learning in Faculty
Authors: Wahyuningtyas Ratri , Isynuwardhana Deannes , Rismayani Risris , Gunawan Indra
Published: June 2023

The research discussed Merdeka Belajar-Kampus Merdeka (MBKM), an independent learning policy for universities in Indonesia issued by the Minister of Education and Culture in 2020. One highlighted policy was the right to study for students to study outside the study program for three semesters. The research intended to determine awareness and implementation of the MBKM program from students, lecturers, and education staff. The research applied a quantitative-descriptive method with a survey model. The research data and information were collected by distributing and filling out questionnaires at the Online Learning System (SPADA) of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology of Indonesia. The data obtained were then processed through several analytical techniques, namely descriptive statistics using rank order and text processing and analysis. The population in the research consisted of students, lecturers, and educational staff at the Faculty of Economics and Business, Telkom University. The research indicates that the level of knowledge of lecturers, students, and educational staff regarding the MBKM program is relatively high, obtained from various sources of information, including through online/offline channels from the Directorate General of Higher Education. Follow-up that needs to be done as part of continuous improvement is the need for easy access to working groups at the Ministry of Education and Culture and the importance of socializing in terms of rules and technical aspects of MBKM implementation so that activities can run more optimally.