bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice in the Eighteenth-Century Mode
Authors: Kliger Samuel
Published: March 2013

It is no difficult task to cull from Jane Austen's Pride and Prejudice passages reflecting the period's taste in art and employing a critical terminology made widely current throughout the eighteenth century by many formal discussions of aesthetics. Thus, for example, two performances at the piano by Elizabeth Bennet, the heroine, and her sister Mary, are evaluated in terms of the familiar antithesis, drawn in innumerable essays of the period, between “art” and “nature.” Elizabeth performs first and the author comments: “Her performance was pleasing, though by no means capital. After a song or two, and before she could reply to the entreaties of several that she would sing again, she was eagerly succeeded at the instrument by her sister Mary, who having, in consequence of being the only plain one in the family, worked hard for knowledge and accomplishments, was always impatient for display.” As for the sister, however: “Mary had neither genius nor taste; and though vanity had given her application, it had given her likewise a pedantic air and conceited manner, which would have injured a higher degree of excellence than she had reached. Elizabeth, easy and unaffected, had been listened to with much more pleasure, though not playing half so well.”
Fiction
Authors: Watt
Published: March 2013

Reviews of fiction published in Canada in 1961.
The Squire as Story-Teller
Authors: Persall
Published: March 2013

No one has paid very much attention to the Squire's Tale since Kittredge relegated it to the status of an "interlude" in the Marriage-group. One reason for this might have been a sneaking feeling that it is not worth much attention anyway, and that we can regard it, as Chaucer did, as so much integument in the main structure of the Canterbury Tales at this point. Of course, there have been attempts to raise the Squire's Tale from "interlude" to "dramatic interlude," to show that it has at least some reference to the discussion of women and marriage.
Reviews
Authors: de J. Jackson  , Sprinchorn Evert
Published: March 2013

M.H. Abrams, Natural Supernaturalism, Tradition and Revolution in Romantic Literature, reviewed by J.R. de J. Jackson

Frederick J. Marker, Hans Christian Andersen and the Romantic Theatre: A Study of Stage Practices in the Prenaturalistic Scandinavian Theatre, reviewed by Evert Sprinchorn
Thomas Malory and the Pictorial Interlace of La Queste del Saint Graal
Authors: Fein Susanna
Published: March 2013

Scholars of medieval thought have occasionally noted the various manifestations of entrelacement in the literature, the art, the religious writing, and the scholarly treatises of the eleventh through thirteenth centuries. The term entrelacement refers to an aesthetic of the times, a mode of perception that can appear in different creative spheres and can assume various forms. Eugene Vinaver points out the parallels between interlace ornament in manuscript art and interlace structure in the French prose romances, and he suggests a further relationship to the scholastic principle of manifestatio. G. Webb also notes the similarity between the habits of thought producing the detailed, highly unified theology of the eleventh-century Cistercian writers and the elaborate compositions in the areas of art and literature; he comments that, 'One is conscious of magnificently uncluttered minds that rejoiced in fitting masses of detail into coordinated schemes.'
Reviews
Authors: Asals  , Beardsley Monroe , Hosek Chaviva , Allen Peter
Published: March 2013

Nina Baym, The Shape of Hawthorne's Career, reviewed by F. J. Asals

Edgar A. Dryden, Nathaniel Hawthorne: The Poetics of Enchantment, reviewed by F. J. Asals

Richard H. Brodhead, Hawthorne, Melville, and the Novel, reviewed by F. J. Asals

William B. Dillingham, Melville's Short Fiction 1853–1856, reviewed by F. J. Asals

Paul Ricoeur, The Rule of Metaphor: Multi-Disciplinary Studies of the Creation of Meaning in Language, reviewed by Monroe C. Beardsley

Ivan Marki, The Trial of the Poet: An Interpretation of The First Edition of Leaves of Grass, reviewed by Chaviva Hosek

Stephen A. Black, Whitman's Journeys into Chaos: A Psychoanalytic Study of the Poetic Process, reviewed by Chaviva Hosek

Ben Knights, The Idea of the Clerisy in the Nineteenth Century, reviewed by Peter Allen
The Case Is Altered: Brecht's Use of Shakespeare
Authors: Whall Helen
Published: March 2013

Poet, dramatist, shrewd businessman, notorious magpie who borrowed and made better the work of others—the description fits both William Shakespeare and Bertolt Brecht. Artistic and even biographical similarities shared by the two authors have often been mentioned, usually in search of praise for Brecht. Shakespeare, who once made comic use of Pythagoras's opinion 'that the soul of our grandam might happily inhabit a bird,' would surely have been amused by the Observer's obituary for Brecht which called him 'the nearest equivalent to Shakespeare ever to appear anywhere—indeed, if one believed in the transmigration of souls, one would be tempted to think that he was Shakespeare reborn.' The German dramatist, who himself fought long and hard against what he perceived as the comforting fiction of heaven, would doubtless have also been amused at finding his life judged Shakespeare's final reward, for Brecht's own attitude towards Shakespeare was quite inconsistent.
Semantics and Semitics: The Early Poetry of A. M. Klein
Authors: Golfman Noreen
Published: March 2013

In 1934, in an essay written for the Judean, Abraham Moses Klein included the following paragraph to illustrate the special relationship that exists between the Jew and his God: "Estranged everywhere, an alien and a foreigner, the Jew has felt himself but kin to deity. His familiarity is both a compliment and a satire. Prays a Jew: God, in their business you help perfect strangers, why not help me? It was probably the same tradesman, who, taking four weeks to mend a pair of trousers, was reprimanded by his customer in the following language: 'Why take so long with so simple a job: God made the world in seven days and you take a month to make a seam.' 'Ah,' replied the tailor, 'look at the world, and look at these pants.' The joke of the tradesman and his customer points to two common features of what Klein would call the 'Jewish mentality': a familiarity with God that both frustrates and comforts the worshipper and an almost obsessive interest in the subject of creation. So it is that one recognizes in the work of A. M. Klein a continued preoccupation with man's relationship to God in a world increasingly burdened by religious and cultural assimilation, as well as a profound interest in the topic of creation.
A Salute to Ben Shek/ Hommage à B.-Z. Shek
Authors: Smart Patricia , Allard Jacques
Published: March 2013

This special issue of University of Toronto Quarterly, with contributors who span several generations and represent some of the main critical trends in Quebec cultural studies over the last twenty-five years, seems a fitting homage to the work of Professor Ben-Zion Shek, a former Associate Editor of the Quarterly who presided for eleven years over its annual 'Letters in Canada' section. Ranging from literature to music, painting, and film, and including studies of biography, autobiography, and cultural history as well as the more traditional genres of the novel, poetry, and theatre, the articles assembled here recall the breadth and variety of Ben Shek's own work. And in the enthusiasm with which both artists and critics responded to the invitation to contribute to this issue, there is an echo of Ben Shek's own well-known enthusiasm for and curiosity about all aspects of Quebec culture. Several of the articles treat authors that have been particular favourites of Ben's – most notably Hubert Aquin, Gérard Bessette, and Gabrielle Roy, to whose writings he has returned again and again since his first published study of her work in 1971. If there is a common thread among them, it is in the recognition that culture is political, and that the vibrancy of Quebec cultural productions cannot be dissociated from the sometimes tumultuous and sometimes more muted voice of a society in search of justice and autonomy. The articles thus constitute an apt reflection of Ben Shek's own role as an ardent defender of Quebec's culture and right to self-determination, who has nevertheless interrogated that culture from the perspective of social class and ethnic minorities throughout his long career.
'By Any Other Word ...': The Designations of Canadian Literature in French
Authors: Hayne David
Published: March 2013

The most recent and the most complete history of literary activity in Quebec begins its account with the introduction of printing into Quebec City in 1764. During the remainder of the eighteenth century an increasing amount of printed material was published in what would later become the province of Quebec, but few 'literary' works appeared until the 1830s, when French-Canadian or Quebec literature is usually considered to have begun. The parallel development of a Canadian literature in English revealed the need for suitable designations of these two literary traditions, a problem that has not been entirely resolved to the present day. In recalling the various names given to French and English writing in Canada, Richard Giguère called for a study of the topic.
Unearthing the Subject behind the Woman-Object: The Representation of Muriel Guilbault in Claude Gauvreau's Beauté baroque
Authors: Smart Patricia
Published: March 2013

In an authoritative and exquisitely illustrated study of the Montreal Automatiste movement published a few years ago, Ray Ellenwood traces the chronology of the Surrealist-inspired group of artists led by Paul-Émile Borduas, whose most dramatic single contribution to Quebec culture was the 1948 manifesto Refus global. With a humility characteristic of those scholars who have thoroughly covered the terrain they set out to explore, only to find that it has proved inexhaustible, Ellenwood concludes his study with a number of unanswered questions, including the following one: 'Who will finally give us an account worthy of Muriel Guilbault as enigmatic woman and artist?'
Afterword:Cultural Studies in Canada
Authors: Pender Stephen , Gray Andrew
Published: March 2013

Cultural studies is in crisis. It is not a crisis of method, nor of theoretical program: cultural studies is too inherently pluralist to be susceptible to such conditions. Rather, its crisis stems from rapid growth, accelerated institutionalization, and calculated over-investInent. The essays in this issue either symptomize this crisis or directly address it. Though it is not our intention to preserve the current state of cultural studies in Canada in aspic, as it were, SaIne of the essays included in this collection do attempt to articulate perceived shortcomings present in certain fonns of cultural and theoretical work; others celebrate diversity.
Bio-Mimetics of Disaster Anticipation—Learning Experience and Key-Challenges
Authors: Tributsch Helmut
Published: March 2013

Anomalies in animal behavior and meteorological phenomena before major earthquakes have been reported throughout history. Bio-mimetics or bionics aims at learning disaster anticipation from animals. Since modern science is reluctant to address this problem an effort has been made to track down the knowledge available to ancient natural philosophers. Starting with an archaeologically documented human sacrifice around 1700 B.C. during the Minoan civilization immediately before a large earthquake, which killed the participants, earthquake prediction knowledge throughout antiquity is evaluated. Major practical experience with this phenomenon has been gained from a Chinese earthquake prediction initiative nearly half a century ago. Some quakes, like that of Haicheng, were recognized in advance. However, the destructive Tangshan earthquake was not predicted, which was interpreted as an inherent failure of prediction based on animal phenomena. This is contradicted on the basis of reliable Chinese documentation provided by the responsible earthquake study commission. The Tangshan earthquake was preceded by more than 2,000 reported animal anomalies, some of which were of very dramatic nature. They are discussed here. Any physical phenomenon, which may cause animal unrest, must involve energy turnover before the main earthquake event. The final product, however, of any energy turnover is heat. Satellite based infrared measurements have indeed identified significant thermal anomalies before major earthquakes. One of these cases, occurring during the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in Gujarat, India, is analyzed together with parallel animal anomalies observed in the Gir national park. It is suggested that the time window is identical and that both phenomena have the same geophysical origin. It therefore remains to be demonstrated that energy can be released locally before major earthquake events. It is shown that by considering appropriate geophysical feedback processes, this is possible for large scale energy conversion phenomena within highly non-linear geophysical mechanisms. With satellite monitored infrared anomalies indicating possible epicenters and local animal and environmental observations immediately initiated, the learning experience towards an understanding of the phenomena involved could be accelerated.
Adsorption and Orientation of Human Islet Amyloid Polypeptide (hIAPP) Monomer at Anionic Lipid Bilayers: Implications for Membrane-Mediated Aggregation
Authors: Jia Yan , Qian Zhenyu , Zhang Yun , Wei Guanghong
Published: March 2013

Protein misfolding and aggregation cause serious degenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s and type II diabetes. Human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP) is the major component of amyloid deposits found in the pancreas of type II diabetic patients. Increasing evidence suggests that β-cell death is related to the interaction of hIAPP with the cellular membrane, which accelerates peptide aggregation. In this study, as a first step towards understanding the membrane-mediated hIAPP aggregation, we investigate the atomic details of the initial step of hIAPP-membrane interaction, including the adsorption orientation and conformation of hIAPP monomer at an anionic POPG lipid bilayer by performing all-atom molecular dynamics simulations. We found that hIAPP monomer is quickly adsorbed to bilayer surface, and the adsorption is initiated from the N-terminal residues driven by strong electrostatic interactions of the positively-charged residues K1 and R11 with negatively-charged lipid headgroups. hIAPP binds parallel to the lipid bilayer surface as a stable helix through residues 7–22, consistent with previous experimental study. Remarkably, different simulations lead to the same binding orientation stabilized by electrostatic and H-bonding interactions, with residues R11, F15 and S19 oriented towards membrane and hydrophobic residues L12, A13, L16 and V17 exposed to solvent. Implications for membrane-mediated hIAPP aggregation are discussed.
Cyclic versus Hemi-Bastadins. Pleiotropic Anti-Cancer Effects: from Apoptosis to Anti-Angiogenic and Anti-Migratory Effects
Authors: Mathieu Véronique , Wauthoz Nathalie , Lefranc Florence , Niemann Hendrik , Amighi Karim , Kiss Robert , Proksch Peter
Published: March 2013

Bastadins-6, -9 and -16 isolated from the marine sponge Ianthella basta displayed in vitro cytostatic and/or cytotoxic effects in six human and mouse cancer cell lines. The in vitro growth inhibitory effects of these bastadins were similar in cancer cell lines sensitive to pro-apoptotic stimuli versus cancer cell lines displaying various levels of resistance to pro-apoptotic stimuli. While about ten times less toxic than the natural cyclic bastadins, the synthetically derived 5,5'-dibromohemibastadin-1 (DBHB) displayed not only in vitro growth inhibitory activity in cancer cells but also anti-angiogenic properties. At a concentration of one tenth of its in vitro growth inhibitory concentration, DBHB displayed actual antimigratory effects in mouse B16F10 melanoma cells without any sign of cytotoxicity and/or growth inhibition. The serum concentration used in the cell culture media markedly influenced the DBHB-induced antimigratory effects in the B16F10 melanoma cell population. We are currently developing a specific inhalation formulation for DBHB enabling this compound to avoid plasmatic albumin binding through its direct delivery to the lungs to combat primary as well as secondary (metastases) tumors.
Antimicrobial Human β-Defensins in the Colon and Their Role in Infectious and Non-Infectious Diseases
Authors: Cobo Eduardo , Chadee Kris
Published: March 2013

β-defensins are small cationic antimicrobial peptides secreted by diverse cell types including colonic epithelial cells. Human β-defensins form an essential component of the intestinal lumen in innate immunity. The defensive mechanisms of β-defensins include binding to negatively charged microbial membranes that cause cell death and chemoattraction of immune cells. The antimicrobial activity of β-defensin is well reported in vitro against several enteric pathogens and in non-infectious processes such as inflammatory bowel diseases, which alters β-defensin production. However, the role of β-defensin in vivo in its interaction with other immune components in host defense against bacteria, viruses and parasites with more complex membranes is still not well known. This review focuses on the latest findings regarding the role of β-defensin in relevant human infectious and non-infectious diseases of the colonic mucosa. In addition, we summarize the most significant aspects of β-defensin and its antimicrobial role in a variety of disease processes.
The Role of Methodology and Spatiotemporal Scale in Understanding Environmental Change in Peri-Urban Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso
Authors: Kelder Yonatan , Nielsen Thomas , Fensholt Rasmus
Published: March 2013

In recent decades, investigations of NPP (net primary production) or proxies here of (normalized difference vegetation index, NDVI) and land degradation in Sahelian West Africa have yielded inconsistent and sometimes contradicting results. Large-scale, long-term investigations using remote sensing have shown greening and an increase in NPP in locations and periods where specific, small scale field studies have documented environmental degradation. Our purpose is to cast some light on the reasons for this phenomenon. This investigation focuses on the south of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, a city undergoing rapid growth and urban sprawl. We combine long-term MODIS (moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer) image analysis of NDVI between 2002 and 2009, and by using high resolution satellite images for the same area and a field study, we compare trends of NDVI to trends of change in different categories of land cover for a selected number of MODIS pixels. Our results indicate a strong, positive association between changes in tree cover vegetation and trends of NDVI and moderate association between man-made constructions and trends of NDVI. The observed changes are discussed in relation to the unique processes of urban sprawl characterizing Ouagadougou and relative to their spatiotemporal scale.
J3Gen: A PRNG for Low-Cost Passive RFID
Authors: Melià-Seguí Joan , Garcia-Alfaro Joaquin , Herrera-Joancomartí Jordi
Published: March 2013

Pseudorandom number generation (PRNG) is the main security tool in low-cost passive radio-frequency identification (RFID) technologies, such as EPC Gen2. We present a lightweight PRNG design for low-cost passive RFID tags, named J3Gen. J3Gen is based on a linear feedback shift register (LFSR) configured with multiple feedback polynomials. The polynomials are alternated during the generation of sequences via a physical source of randomness. J3Gen successfully handles the inherent linearity of LFSR based PRNGs and satisfies the statistical requirements imposed by the EPC Gen2 standard. A hardware implementation of J3Gen is presented and evaluated with regard to different design parameters, defining the key-equivalence security and nonlinearity of the design. The results of a SPICE simulation confirm the power-consumption suitability of the proposal.
A New Adaptive Self-Tuning Fourier Coefficients Algorithm for Periodic Torque Ripple Minimization in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM)
Authors: Gómez-Espinosa Alfonso , Hernández-Guzmán Víctor , Bandala-Sánchez Manuel , Jiménez-Hernández Hugo , Rivas-Araiza Edgar , Rodríguez-Reséndiz Juvenal , Herrera-Ruíz Gilberto
Published: March 2013

A New Adaptive Self-Tuning Fourier Coefficients Algorithm for Periodic Torque Ripple Minimization in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) Torque ripple occurs in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) due to the non-sinusoidal flux density distribution around the air-gap and variable magnetic reluctance of the air-gap due to the stator slots distribution. These torque ripples change periodically with rotor position and are apparent as speed variations, which degrade the PMSM drive performance, particularly at low speeds, because of low inertial filtering. In this paper, a new self-tuning algorithm is developed for determining the Fourier Series Controller coefficients with the aim of reducing the torque ripple in a PMSM, thus allowing for a smoother operation. This algorithm adjusts the controller parameters based on the component’s harmonic distortion in time domain of the compensation signal. Experimental evaluation is performed on a DSP-controlled PMSM evaluation platform. Test results obtained validate the effectiveness of the proposed self-tuning algorithm, with the Fourier series expansion scheme, in reducing the torque ripple.
Improvement of H2S Sensing Properties of SnO2-Based Thick Film Gas Sensors Promoted with MoO3 and NiO
Authors: Lee Soo , Kim Seong , Hwang Byung , Jung Suk , Ragupathy Dhanusuraman , Son In , Lee Duk , Kim Jae
Published: March 2013

The effects of the SnO2 pore size and metal oxide promoters on the sensing properties of SnO2-based thick film gas sensors were investigated to improve the detection of very low H2S concentrations (<1 ppm). SnO2 sensors and SnO2-based thick-film gas sensors promoted with NiO, ZnO, MoO3, CuO or Fe2O3 were prepared, and their sensing properties were examined in a flow system. The SnO2 materials were prepared by calcining SnO2 at 600, 800, 1,000 and 1,200 °C to give materials identified as SnO2(600), SnO2(800), SnO2(1000), and SnO2(1200), respectively. The Sn(12)Mo5Ni3 sensor, which was prepared by physically mixing 5 wt% MoO3 (Mo5), 3 wt% NiO (Ni3) and SnO2(1200) with a large pore size of 312 nm, exhibited a high sensor response of approximately 75% for the detection of 1 ppm H2S at 350 °C with excellent recovery properties. Unlike the SnO2 sensors, its response was maintained during multiple cycles without deactivation. This was attributed to the promoter effect of MoO3. In particular, the Sn(12)Mo5Ni3 sensor developed in this study showed twice the response of the Sn(6)Mo5Ni3 sensor, which was prepared by SnO2(600) with the smaller pore size than SnO2(1200). The excellent sensor response and recovery properties of Sn(12)Mo5Ni3 are believed to be due to the combined promoter effects of MoO3 and NiO and the diffusion effect of H2S as a result of the large pore size of SnO2.
Bird Pollinator Visitation is Equivalent in Island and Plantation Planting Designs in Tropical Forest Restoration Sites
Authors: Lindell Catherine , Thurston Ginger
Published: March 2013

Active restoration is one strategy to reverse tropical forest loss. Given the dynamic nature of climates, human populations, and other ecosystem components, the past practice of using historical reference sites as restoration targets is unlikely to result in self-sustaining ecosystems. Restoring sustainable ecological processes like pollination is a more feasible goal. We investigated how flower cover, planting design, and landscape forest cover influenced bird pollinator visits to Inga edulis trees in young restoration sites in Costa Rica. I. edulis trees were located in island plantings, where seedlings had been planted in patches, or in plantation plantings, where seedlings were planted to cover the restoration area. Sites were located in landscapes with scant (10–21%) or moderate (35–76%) forest cover. Trees with greater flower cover received more visits from pollinating birds; neither planting design nor landscape forest cover influenced the number of pollinator visits. Resident hummingbirds and a migratory bird species were the most frequent bird pollinators. Pollination in the early years following planting may not be as affected by details of restoration design as other ecological processes like seed dispersal. Future work to assess the quality of various pollinator species will be important in assessing this idea.
Advances in Sustainability: Contributions and Outcomes of the 2nd World Sustainability Forum
Authors: Flämig Sylvie , Rosen Marc
Published: March 2013

After a successful start in 2011, the 2nd World Sustainability Forum (WSF) was held on sciforum.net from 1–30 November 2012. More than 80 papers were presented and over 180 authors contributed to the multidisciplinary conference. The objective of this short report is to sum up the contributions and discussions of the 2nd World Sustainability Forum. It is organized as follows. First, some general information on the Forum is given, then a summary of the contributions to the different sections, as well as providing an overview of the discussions. A final section including an outlook to the 3rd World Sustainability Forum concludes the article.
Exploring the Attitudes-Action Gap in Household Resource Consumption: Does “Environmental Lifestyle” Segmentation Align with Consumer Behaviour?
Authors: Newton Peter , Meyer Denny
Published: March 2013

Consumption is a transcending challenge for the 21st century that is stimulating research on multiple pathways required to deliver a more environmentally sustainable future. This paper is nested in what is a much larger field of research on sustainable consumption and reports on part of a major Australian Research Council study into the determinants of household resource consumption, based on a survey of 1,250 residents in Melbourne, Australia. Three environmental lifestyle segments are established that represent the spectrum of attitudes, opinions and intentions across the surveyed population: “committed” greens, “material” greens and “enviro-sceptics” (representing respectively 33.5%, 40.3% and 26.3% of the population). Each segment was found to display distinctive socio-demographic attributes, as well as urban geographies. However, few differences were found in relation to each segment’s actual consumption of energy, water, housing space, urban travel and domestic appliances. The research findings indicate that in these areas of urban resource consumption—all principal contributors to the ecological footprint of households—there are sets of factors at work that override attitudes, opinions and intentions as indicators of consumer behaviour. Some of these factors are information, organization and finance related and are the focus of much public policy. However, the persistence of well ingrained habits and practices among individuals and households and the lack of norms and values in western societies that explicitly promote environmental conservation among its population, are fundamentally involved in the attitude-action gap and constitute important avenues for future research and action.
Choice of Domestic Air-Sourced Solar Photovoltaic Thermal Systems through the Operational Energy Cost Implications in Scotland
Authors: Noguchi Masa
Published: March 2013

In Scotland, homebuilders are requested to take valiant efforts to meet the government’s ambition that all newly built homes should be carbon-neutral by 2016/17. In delivering net zero carbon homes, the application of renewable energy technologies, such as solar photovoltaic (PV) power generating systems, is almost inevitable. Cost-effectiveness of emerging green technologies is a major factor that affects stakeholders’ housing design decision-making on whether or not the innovations can be applied in practical terms. Based on the United Kingdom (UK) government’s Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) for energy rating of dwellings, this study conducted a comparative value assessment of 19 design alternatives set. The options also included ones that encompassed both electricity and heat generation potentials of PV applications—i.e., air-sourced PV thermal (PV/T) systems. Based on the SAP simulation results, it concluded that operational energy use and cost, as well as carbon dioxide (CO2) emission levels, can drastically be reduced particularly when a PV/T system is combined with a low-energy and high-performance mechanical ventilation with heat recovery (MVHR) system that can extract fresh air heated by PV. This study led to visualizing the cost-effectiveness of PV/T MVHR systems and identifying the economic value over 10 years at the interest rate of 10%, based on an assumption that the innovations are applied to Scottish homes today.
EVpedia: an integrated database of high‐throughput data for systemic analyses of extracellular vesicles
Authors: Kim Dae‐Kyum , Kang Byeongsoo , Kim Oh Youn , Choi Dong‐sic , Lee Jaewook , Kim Sae Rom , Go Gyeongyun , Yoon Yae Jin , Kim Ji Hyun , Jang Su Chul , Park Kyong‐Su , Choi Eun‐Jeong , Kim Kwang Pyo , Desiderio Dominic M. , Kim Yoon‐Keun , Lötvall Jan , Hwang Daehee , Gho Yong Song
Published: March 2013

Secretion of extracellular vesicles is a general cellular activity that spans the range from simple unicellular organisms (e.g. archaea; Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria) to complex multicellular ones, suggesting that this extracellular vesicle‐mediated communication is evolutionarily conserved. Extracellular vesicles are spherical bilayered proteolipids with a mean diameter of 20–1,000 nm, which are known to contain various bioactive molecules including proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. Here, we present EVpedia, which is an integrated database of high‐throughput datasets from prokaryotic and eukaryotic extracellular vesicles. EVpedia provides high‐throughput datasets of vesicular components (proteins, mRNAs, miRNAs, and lipids) present on prokaryotic, non‐mammalian eukaryotic, and mammalian extracellular vesicles. In addition, EVpedia also provides an array of tools, such as the search and browse of vesicular components, Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, network analysis of vesicular proteins and mRNAs, and a comparison of vesicular datasets by ortholog identification. Moreover, publications on extracellular vesicle studies are listed in the database. This free web‐based database of EVpedia (http://evpedia.info) might serve as a fundamental repository to stimulate the advancement of extracellular vesicle studies and to elucidate the novel functions of these complex extracellular organelles.
Multilocus approach to species recognition in the Cladonia humilis complex (Cladoniaceae, Ascomycota)
Authors: Pino‐Bodas Raquel , Ahti Teuvo , Stenroos Soili , Martín María P. , Burgaz Ana R.
Published: March 2013

• Premise of the study: The members of the Cladonia humilis complex are characterized by a well‐developed primary thallus and broadly scyphose podetia. In the present study, this complex was phylogenetically analyzed to test the boundaries between the species and to determine the usefulness of the phenotypic characters to distinguish them. The species C. conista, C. cyathomorpha, C. hammeri, C. humilis, C. kurokawae, C. nashii, C. pulvinella, and C. subconistea were examined.

• Methods: Four DNA loci were sequenced and analyzed to test the monophyly of the species. For the phylogenetic reconstructions, maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods were employed. The genealogical sorting index was used to quantify the exclusive ancestry of the nonmonophyletic species on the tree.

• Key results: The performed phylogenetic analyses showed that the C. humilis complex is not monophyletic. Cladonia nashii is not closely related to the remaining taxa within the complex. Seven monophyletic lineages were identified, most of which comprise specimens belonging to more than one chemotype. Cladonia hammeri and C. pulvinella are conspecific, and this taxon is not present in Europe.

• Conclusions: This study suggests that morphological characters and secondary metabolites have less taxonomical value than thought in the Cladonia humilis complex. Use of multilocus phylogeny is recommended to delimit species.
Interactions of hybridization and mating systems: A case study inLeptosiphon(Polemoniaceae)
Authors: Goodwillie Carol , Ness Jennifer M.
Published: March 2013

•Premise of the study:The roles of hybridization and mating systems in the evolution of angiosperms have been well studied, but less work has focused on their interactions. Self‐incompatible and self‐compatible species often show asymmetry in heterospecific pollen rejection. Self‐fertilization can preempt ovules before opportunities for hybridization. In turn, hybridization might affect mating system evolution through selection for selfing to avoid production of low fitness hybrids.

•Methods:AFLP and morphological analyses were used to test for hybrids in a contact zone between species with contrasting breeding systems. Crossing experiments examined the relative contributions to reproductive isolation of pollen–pistil interactions, timing of self‐fertilization, and F1viability and fertility. A diallel cross of siblings tested for an association between heterospecific incompatibility andS‐genotype in the self‐incompatible species.

•Key results:A low frequency of hybrids was detected in the contact zone. Pollen–pistil interactions were partially consistent with the SI × SC rule; some individuals of the self‐incompatible species rejected heterospecific pollen, whereas the self‐compatible species was fully receptive to it. In the selfing species, individuals with early selfing produced fewer hybrid progeny than did those with delayed self‐compatibility when heterospecific pollen was applied after self‐pollen. Viability of F1s was high but fertility was low. Variability in heterospecific pollen rejection was not related toS‐genotype.

•Conclusions:Both self‐fertilization and self‐incompatibility are associated with limits to hybridization at this site. The strong effect of timing of selfing on production of low fitness F1s suggests that hybridization might select for early selfing in this population.
Evaluating the Physical Fit of Receiver-in-the-Ear Hearing Aids in Infants
Authors: Caporali Sueli Aparecida , Schmidt Erik , Eriksson Åsa , Sköld Birgitta , Popecki Barbara , Larsson Josefina , Auriemmo Jane
Published: March 2013

Background:In spite of early identification and intervention efforts achieved by Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) programs, many infants with hearing loss experience delays in early vocabulary development in comparison to peers with normal hearing (Mayne, Yoshinaga-Itano,
Sedey, 2000a; Mayne, Yoshinaga-Itano, Sedey, Carey, 2000b; Moeller et al, 2007a, 2007b). One of the several factors that may contribute to individual differences in outcomes is inconsistent hearing aid use in this age group. This may be associated with the physical fit when using traditional
behind-the-ear (BTE) hearing aids, since they are relatively large in comparison with the small and soft ear of an infant. Receiver-in-the-ear (RITE) hearing aids may be advantageous for use in pediatric fittings, since they are very tiny and lightweight and therefore sit comfortably on a
small soft ear.Purpose:To evaluate the use of a RITE hearing aid with an instant ear-tip especially developed for infants in terms of physical fit, stability, safety, and security of the device, as well as the use of retention tools (remedies for keeping the hearing aid securely on
the ear) with this age group.Research Design:A longitudinal study with hearing impaired infants fitted with RITE hearing aids was performed.Study Sample:Eighteen infants with mild to moderate/severe hearing loss participated in the study. The age range was 2‐36 mo. Sixteen
infants had worn hearing aids prior to their participation in the study.Intervention:Each hearing impaired infant was fitted with the RITE hearing aid and an instant ear-tip, the size of which was chosen by the audiologist. The infants used the device for a period of 2‐5 mo.Data
Collection and Analysis:Audiologists and parents completed questionnaires at every visit (5‐7 visits in total). Responses were obtained using a category rating scale (Stevens, 1975) from 0 to 10. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and nonparametric statistics.Results:Sixteen
of the 18 children completed the study. At the end of the study, 11 of the 16 children were using the instant ear-tip, whereas five children were fitted with the receiver mounted in a custom earmold. The audiologists rated the RITE solution to provide a safe, stable, and secure fit. The general
trend was that ratings improved over time. At the final follow-up session, all median ratings were between 8 and 10.Conclusions:Based on the positive results obtained in the study, the use of an appropriately designed RITE hearing aid is recommended for infants.
Which Risk Factors Predict Postnatal Hearing Loss in Children?
Authors: Beswick Rachael , Driscoll Carlie , Kei Joseph , Khan Asad , Glennon Shirley
Published: March 2013

Background:Targeted surveillance using a risk factor registry is the recommended method to detect hearing loss following the newborn screening period. However, currently, there is limited evidence linking some of the risk factors listed on the Joint Committee on Infant Hearing
registry to postnatal hearing loss.Purpose:The goal of this study was to investigate the risk factors that were most likely to predict the occurrence of postnatal hearing loss using formal analysis of a large cohort.Research Design:A retrospective study of children referred to
the targeted surveillance program in Queensland, Australia.Study Sample:This study involved children who were born in Queensland, Australia, between September 2004 and December 2009, had received a bilateral “pass” result during newborn hearing screening, had one or more
risk factors identified during screening that triggered a referral to the targeted surveillance program, and had completed their follow-up audiology appointment series according to Queensland's diagnostic audiology protocols.Data Collection and Analysis:Data for the cohort was extracted
from the state-wide data management system Oz Systems eScreenerPlus (eSP). Data analysis included yield calculations for each risk factor, χ2 analysis, and logistic regression analysis.Results:During the study period, 2107 children met the inclusion criteria and were
included in this study. Of these, 56 children (2.7%) were identified with a postnatal hearing loss. Statistical analysis revealed that two risk factors, family history (odds ratio [OR]: 1.92; 95% CI: 1.04‐3.56), and craniofacial anomalies (OR: 2.61; 95% CI: 1.19‐5.70) predicted
the occurrence of postnatal hearing loss in children. In contrast, the risk factor of low birth weight (LBW) (OR: 0.14; 95% CI: 0.05-0.39) did not.Conclusion:This study suggests that children with the risk factors of family history and craniofacial anomalies should have their hearing
monitored throughout early childhood, whereas children with the risk factor of LBW should not. Two additional risk factors, syndrome and prolonged ventilation, indicated favorable results for monitoring; however, a full analysis was unable to be completed due to statistical limitations. There
was insufficient evidence within this study to support monitoring of children with the remaining risk factors of severe asphyxia, congenital infection, bacterial meningitis, professional concern, and hyperbilirubinemia. Further research with large cohorts of children with and without risk
factors needs to be completed to further understand the relationship between risk factors and postnatal hearing loss.
Les formes modernes de travail indigne
Authors: Dalmasso Raphaël
Published: March 2013

Le droit français est-il assez outillé pour pouvoir caractériser ce qui relève du travail sous la contrainte, de la servitude ou de l’esclavage ? Permet-il de lutter efficacement contre toutes les formes de travail indigne et d’indemniser justement les victimes ? Tel ne semble pas l’avis de la Cour européenne des droits de l’Homme.
Les marchés aux domestiques
Authors: Blézat Mathilde
Published: March 2013

Le secteur du travail domestique en Turquie a commencé à se développer il y a une vingtaine d’années et la demande en employées de maison étrangères a explosé depuis dix ans. Aujourd’hui, le travail domestique à Istanbul s’inscrit dans un marché hiérarchisé qui fait correspondre chaque nationalité à un certain type de tâche. La situation précaire du séjour de ces migrantes les expose dans la majorité des cas à l’arbitraire des employeurs et les condamne à l’invisibilité sociale.
La Serbie, antichambre de l'Union européenne
Authors: Meh Ela
Published: March 2013

Sous la pression de l’Europe et de sa politique d’externalisation des politiques (anti-) migratoires, la « vie » des migrants en Serbie s’est dégradée alors même que le pays est devenu une porte d’entrée dans la forteresse UE. La situation à la frontière de la Hongrie est particulièrement emblématique de tous les errements et violences d’un parcours migratoire.
No More “Fumbling Alone”: Effect of a Nurse-Led Academic Advising Service in a Magnet
®
Hospital
Authors: Wendler M. Cecilia , Fyans Paula M. , Kirkbride Geri
Published: March 2013

Background:

A nurse-led, hospital-based academic advising service (AAS) was developed at a large Magnet
®
hospital. The AAS aided nurses and aspiring nurses as they considered advancing education. This research project was developed to evaluate the AAS.

Methods:

This qualitative study used a web-based survey to gather information from those who had accessed the service; there were 80 participants. Satisfaction was determined quantitatively, and qualitative data analysis was completed with naturalistic inquiry approaches and standards of rigor.

Results:

A total of 347 codes were isolated from the data and collapsed into nine categories. One comment, “I did not have to fumble through this alone,” suggested the idea of coaching within a context of football as the overarching metaphor. Quantitative results indicated that advisees were satisfied, with 61 of 80 respondents taking specific action after the session.

Conclusion:

Nurses and aspiring nurses found academic advising at work helpful, and the AAS facilitated a return to formal education for some of the participants.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(5):218–224.
Preceptors’ Perceptions of Their Role in a Pediatric Acute Care Setting
Authors: Chang Ann , Douglas Mary , Breen-Reid Karen , Gueorguieva Vera , Fleming-Carroll Bonnie
Published: March 2013

Background:

This study explored preceptors’ perceptions of the benefits, rewards, and supports associated with the preceptor role and their commitment to the role in a pediatric acute care setting.

Method:

A survey with a quantitative and semi-qualitative design was used.

Results:

The survey was completed by 266 preceptors, who reported that their experience was mainly positive. They perceived the preceptor role as preparation for other leadership opportunities. The preceptors reported that they experienced pride in the role of preceptor and described the challenges they faced, such as workload and the need to adapt to different learning styles. Years of nursing experience and age were significant factors that influenced their perceptions of enjoyable aspects of the role and the types of support that they needed as preceptors.

Conclusion:

Preceptors perceived sufficient benefits and rewards to remain committed to the role and identified workload as a significant challenge. Further research is needed to explore whether additional supports or recognition tailored to level of experience and age may be beneficial.

J Contin Educ Nurs
2013;44(5):211–217.
Food Choice Can Improve Nursing Home Resident Meal Service Satisfaction and Nutritional Status
Authors: Crogan Neva L. , Dupler Alice E. , Short Robert , Heaton Grace
Published: March 2013

The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of implementing the Eat Right food delivery system and measure its impact on residents’ food satisfaction, food intake, and subsequent nutritional status, including serum prealbumin levels and changes in body weight. Two eastern Washington State nursing homes (NHs) were recruited based on a similar case mix, the number of beds, and management’s willingness to participate in the study. A total of 61 residents (NH A = 33, NH B = 28) participated. Intervention group residents (NH A) reported significant overall improvement in food service satisfaction and significant improvement in serum prealbumin levels after the intervention (
p
= 0.001). Changes in intervention group body weight improved after the intervention (
p
= 0.029). Use of nutritional interventions such as the multidimensional Eat Right system encourages resident decision making and facilitates overall satisfaction with care and improved health.
Mentoring Doctoral Students for Qualitative Research: Interviews With Experienced Nursing Faculty in Japan
Authors: Kayama Mami , Gregg Misuzu F. , Asahara Kiyomi , Yamamoto-Mitani Noriko , Okuma Keiko , Ohta Kikuko , Kinoshita Yasuhito
Published: March 2013

This study aimed to describe the process of mentoring doctoral students for qualitative research in Japanese graduate programs in nursing. Nine experienced faculty—seven nurse researchers and two sociologists—were interviewed. Participants were asked about their process of mentoring students for qualitative nursing dissertations. Data analysis was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method. Participants’ age ranged from 48 to 60 years. The first theme in the mentoring process is about the individualized, one-on-one mentorship process. The second theme occurs in a group process. The third theme is coordinating mentors and establishing a network to support the evaluation system. The mentoring processes identified in this study will be useful for future faculty development. The study elucidated much room for improvement in doctoral education programs for qualitative research methods in nursing science. [
J Nurs Educ.
2013;52(5):283–289.]
Success, Failure or "No Significant Difference"? The Arguments For and Against Technology as a Learning Tool
Authors: Burns Mary
Published: March 2013

The question of whether computers have positively or negatively impacted student learning is still hotly contested in educational technology circles, particularly in the area of international development, by proponents and critics of technology in education. Overall, research still provides conflicting answers to this question. Nonetheless, the abundant research on effective school change and innovation implementation points to practices which those who promote technology in schools should tap. This paper outlines the long-term structural conditions that can lead to the deep change technology initiatives seek to promote.