bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Geology and Bottom Deposits of Lake Tystrup Sø, Zealand
Authors: Hansen Kaj
Published: June 2021

While there is an abundant literature on the sediments of Swedish, German and North American lakes, the bottom deposits of Danish lakes are nearly terra incognita. In spite of the paper on Lake Marl, Lake Ores and Lake Gytje published in 1901 by Wesenberg Lund a more systematic investigation has long been needed. In 1942 I therefore began an investigation of the sediments in Lake Tystrup Sø, Zealand (Sjælland), in co-operation with the Laboratory for Fresh Water Biology of the University of Copenhagen, and using the laboratory's annex in Suserup woods as a base. It is my aim to continue such investigations in other Danish lakes. It is my pleasant duty to thank the Director of the Laboratory for Fresh Water Biology, Prof. Kai Berg for that friendship which he has shown me during the investigation, both in the laboratory in Hillerød, and in Suserup. I also thank the Geological Survey of Denmark because it has agreed to include this paper in its publications, and lastly I thank the Carlsberg Fond who have subsidized the publication.
K/Ar Age Determinations from the Precambrian of Denmark
Authors: Larsen Ole
Published: June 2021

K/Ar age determinations on granites and pegmatite from the island of Bornholm give results between 1255 and 1340 m.y. Ages between 1300 and 1500 m.y. are common in Scandinavia, Russia and North America. They are believed to represent a period of anorogenic plutonic activity.K/Ar age determinations on core samples from deep tests made in Jutland and on Fyn give acceptable results between 800 and 900 m.y. for the crystalline basement. This indicates a relation to the 900-1200 m.y. orogenic episode recorded in Southern Norway and in Central Europe.
Oversigt over de af Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse i Finansaaret 1914-15 udførte landøkonomiske Arbejder
Authors: Kommissionen for Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse
Published: June 2021

Bevillingen til Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelses landøkonomiske Virksomhed var paa Finansloven for 1914-15 ligesom tidligere 15,000 Kr. Dette Beløb er hovedsagelig bleven anvendt til Mergelundersøgelser, Kalktrangsundersøgelser og Undersøgelser af vandførende Lag.
Mergelen i Holstebro Egnen
Authors: Milthers V
Published: June 2021

I Sommeren 1915 blev der i Hjerm-Ginding Herreder foretaget Undersøgelse af Mergelforholdene paa ca. 140 Ejendomme. Undersøgelsen i Marken udførtes af Ingeniør H. Albrechtsen.Ligesom i tidligere Aar er Undersøgelserne næsten udelukkende foretaget paa de Ejendomme, hvorfra der er kommen Anmodning derom. Da Anmodninger naturligvis i særlig Grad kommer fra Egne, hvor Trangen til Mergling er størst, kommer en saadan Undersøgelse ikke til at give nogen fuldstændig Oversigt over Egnens Mergelforhold. Som jeg har bemærket i en tidligere, lignende Mergelberetning, vil en fuldstændig Oversigt kun kunne faas ved en systematisk Undersøgelse.
Oversigt over de af Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse i Finansaaret 1916-17 udførte landøkonomiske og praktiske Arbejder
Authors: Kommissionen for Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse
Published: June 2021

Til Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelses landøkonomiske Virksomhed, der som sædvanlig har omfattet Undersøgelser af Mergellejer, Analysering af indsendte Mergelprøver, Kalktrangsundersøgelser, Undersøgelser af vandførende Lag og Undersøgelser af Jordbunds- og Grundforbedringsforhold, er der i Finansaaret 1916-17 kommen en Del andre praktiske Arbejder, navnlig Undersøgelser af Brunkullejer, af Tørvemoserne paa Bornholm, af Nexø Sandstenen paa Bornholm og af Forekomster af Pottemagerler. Udgifterne ved den landøkonomiske Virksomhed er afholdte af den i dette Øjemed givne Bevilling, der paa Finansloven for 1916-17 ligesom tidligere var 15 000 Kr. Udgifterne ved Undersøgelserne af Brunkullejerne er afholdte af disses Ejere, Udgifterne ved de øvrige, ovennævnte Undersøgelser af Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelses almindelige Bevilling.
Geologisk Kort over Danmark. Dybere liggende Dannelser
Authors: Ravn J.P.J
Published: June 2021

I et Land, der som Danmark har været helt dækket af kvartær Landis, vil det altid være forbundet med nogen Vanskelighed at faa nøje Rede paa, hvilke geologiske Dannelser der findes under de Aflejringer, som Isen har efterladt, og hvor stor disse Dannelsers horisontale Udstrækning er. Dette gælder særlig for Egne, hvor Istidsaflejringerne er saa mægtige, at den senere Erosion ikke er naaet ned til deres Underlag, og hvor Brønde og Dybdeboringer kun sjældent gaar saa dybt, at man ad den Vej har faaet Kendskab til Underlaget. Yderligere vokser Vanskeligheden ved, at Landisen undertiden har løsrevet store, sammenhængende Flager af prækvartære Aflejringer og ført dem med sig en kortere eller længere Strækning. Hvis man standser en Boring i en saadan Flage uden at naa igennem den, vil man let kunne tro, at man her har truffet paa en faststaaende Aflejring. Særlig paa Grund af disse Vanskeligheder er det ikke saa mærkeligt, at de geologiske Kort over vort Lands dybere liggende Dannelser i betydelig Grad har skiftet Udseende i Tidernes Løb, eflerhaanden som Brøndgravninger og Boringer samt geologiske og palæontologiske Undersøgelser har tilvejebragt nye Oplysninger.
Vekselvirkningen mellem Geologi og Geoteknik
Authors: Mertz Ellen Louise
Published: June 2021

Mere end 25 Aar er nu forløbet, siden Geotekniken blev indført i Danmark, og Tidspunktet skulde derfor være inde til at undersøge, hvilken Nytte Geologen og Teknikeren gensidig har haft af hinanden paa dette fælles Arbejdsomraade.Hvis Betegnelsen Geoteknik skal oversættes til Dansk, maa man i byggeteknisk Henseende vælge Ordet: "Byggegrundsundersøgelser"; men med lidt Smidighed kan "Geoteknik" nok gøres saa rummeligt, at det omfatter alle Jordartsundersøgelser, hvor Geologien og Tekniken arbejder Haand i Haand, altsaa ogsaa Bedømmelsen af vore Jordarters Anvendelighed i Pottemager- og Teglværksindustrien, til Støbematerialer, ved Sæbefabrikationen o.s.v. I denne Betydning er Navnet i hvert Fald hidtil anvendt herhjemme af Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse, hvis geotekniske Afdeling omfatter enhver Jordartsundersøgelse, hvor Formaalet er at bestemme Jordens tekniske Anvendelighed indenfor de nævnte Rammer.
Borearkivet ved Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse
Authors: Ødum Hilmar , Berthelsen Ole
Published: June 2021

Udredningen af et lands geologiske bygning er grundlaget for såvel videnskabeligt geologisk arbejde som efterforskning efter råstoffer; de to opgaver kan ikke skilles, da det rent videnskabelige arbejde altid må være basis for mere konkrete problemers løsning. Til udredningen af den geologiske bygning kan man imidlertid ikke nøjes med overfladisk kortlægning eller studium af daglokaliteter; man behøver mere dybtgående oplysninger fra boringer.Gennem adskillige menneskealdre har geologer derfor indsamlet oplysninger om boringer, - det har også været tilfældet i Danmark; men bliver man stående på dette standpunkt, at indsamling af oplysninger om boringer er et indre-geologisk anliggende, kommer man imidlertid til kort på flere punkter:1) Man kommer kun i besiddelse af få og tilfældige oplysninger og prøver fra de mange boringer, der udføres med vidt forskellige formål;2) et sådant mangelfuldt borearkiv er kun i ringe grad egnet til at opfylde sine praktiske funktioner i samfundet;3) benyttelsen af boringerne i videnskabelige publikationer bliver tilfældig; der opstår jævnligt misforståelser eller tvivl m.h.t. boringers identitet og placering (fremgår tydeligt af den ældre litteratur).
Geoelektrisk Kortlægning af Limfjordsengene ved Vester Hasing
Authors: Dinesen Birthe
Published: June 2021

The present publication deals with a combined geoelectrical and geohydrological survey in the Limfjord area east of Aalborg, Denmark.The geology and hydrology of the area is described. The area is characterized by its variety of the geohydrological conditions. The sediments are mainly of Quaternary age. The ground water comprise both fresh and saline waters, the salinity being due to salt water intrusion from the Limfjord, and probably occurrences of connate water of Pleistocene and Holocene age.Some general conclusions concerning resistivity of the clay and sand deposits are drawn on the basis of determinations of salinity and conductivity of suspensions of rock samples from drilled wells and of solutions corresponding to some of the water analyses.Finally the geoelectrical field measurements are discussed and compared with the laboratory results.
Dybdeboringen Nøvling nr. 1 i Midtjylland
Authors: Rasmussen Leif Banke , Baartman J. C , Henriksen Svend E , Kristoffersen Finn Nyhuus , Dinesen Arne , Bang Inger , Stenestad Erik , Buch Arne , Christensen Ole Bruun , Michelsen Olaf , Hansen Torben Juul , Jacobsen Fritz Lyngsie
Published: June 2021

The book contains geological and geophysical reports on the deep test well Nøvling No. 1. This boring was made by "Dansk Undergrunds Consortium" in Central Jutland 1966.Beds of Pleistocene, Tertiary, Upper Cretaceous, Lower Cretaceous, Jurassic, Triassic, Upper Permian and Upper Silurian age were penetrated. The final depth of the boring was 12342' or 3762 m below the Kelly Bushing.The book includes 17 articles written by 12 authors, all of whom are (or were) from the staff of the Pre-Quaternary Department (= Dep. of Subsurface Geology) of the Geological Survey of Denmark. In an introductory article a review is given of the geological and structural aspects of the boring together with an outline of the technical and administrative data.
Københavnsområdets geologi især baseret på citybaneundersøgelserne
Authors: Stenestad Erik
Published: June 2021

The lithostratigraphy of the Maastrichtian, Danian and Selandian deposits of Copenhagen is described and related to a biostratigraphical zonation based on foraminifera. The Quaternary deposits are briefly mentioned. The København Limestone Formation is formally introduced. The Lellinge Greensand Formation is emended and a reference section in Copenhagen is defined. The structures of the area are discussed on the basis of detailed subsurface mapping. The geology of the area is finally described in detail.
Bjergarterne i Bornholms og Sydøst-Skaanes Asaphus-Region
Authors: Nørregaard E. M
Published: June 2021

I sit Arbejde: »Asaphusregionens omfatning i sydöstra Skåne och på Bornholm« giver Professor, Dr. Herman Funkquist en stratigrafisk og palæontologisk Beskrivelse af Asaphusregionens Skiferfacies, saaledes som den forekommer paa Bornholm og i Sydøst-Skaane. Som Kalkstensfacies dækker Asaphusregionen Begrebet Ortoceratitkalk; denne Kalksten er meget almindelig i Mellem-Sverige og er godt kendt. Asaphusregionens Skiferfacies har derimod ikke været saa godt undersøgt. Vanskeligt er det ofte at parallellisere en Aflejrings Kalk facies med dens Skiferfacies, idet Bjergarterne og Faunaerne oftest er meget forskellige i de to Omraader. Funkquist har nærmere undersøgt dette Spørgsmaal for Asaphusregionens Vedkommende og viser, at denne Region underlejres af Zonen med Didymograptus balticus og overlejres af Zonen med Dicranograptus Clingani, for saa vidt det angaar Bornholm og Sydøst-Skaane. I Vest-Skaane findes ogsaa Asaphusaflejringer, men de er noget anderledes udviklede, blandt andet underlejret af Ceratopygekalk.
Louis le Maire. En Skildring
Authors: Madsen Victor
Published: June 2021

Den 12. December 1913 bortkaldtes Generalmajor Abraham Louis Le Maire efter at have staaet i Spidsen for Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse i over 18 Aar. Naar der i Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelses Skrifter skal gives en Skildring af denne fremragende Mands Liv og Virksomhed og af hans store Betydning for Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse og derigennem for den danske geologiske Forskning, kan dette ikke ske uden, at der kastes et Blik paa Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelses første Aar og paa den Udviklsen, som førte med sig, at Le Maire kom i Spidsen for Undersøgelsen.
Nye Iagttagelser over den glaciale, isdæmrnede Sø ved Stenstrup paa Fyn
Authors: Nordmann V
Published: June 2021

I 1903 publicerede Statsgeolog Victor Madsen sin Afhandling: Om den glaciale, isdæmmede Sø ved Stenstrup paa Fyn (Danmarks geologiske Undersøgelse. Il . Række. Nr. 14). Resultatet af hans Undersøgelser, der udførtes i Aarene 1900-02, skal kortelig refereres i det følgende:Det af Teglværksindustrien i stor Udstrækning benyttede stenfrie Ler, som findes omkring Stenstrup, omtr. 11 km NV for Svendborg, danner en svagt bølgeformet Slette, hvis største Udstrækning fra Vest til Øst er c. 7 km, fra Nord til Syd c. 5 km. Sletten er mod Syd, Øst og Nordøst begrænset af høje Bakker, bestaaende af Moræneler eller (i underordnet Mængde) af glaciofluvialt Sand og Grus. »Paspunkterne « mellem disse Bakker ligger omkring 80-82 m over Havet, medens Højden af selve Slettens Overflade varierer en Del, idet den større, østlige Del (Ø for en Linje, der stort set løber fra Rødme over Lerbjerg nord paa til Gaarden Løjtved) ligger 57 til 72 111 o. H., medens den langt mindre, vestlige Del kun ligger 53-61 m o. H. Mod NV og V falder Terrænet ned mod Hundstrup Aa og Biaaerne til Odense Aa, og da det stenfrie, i det store og Hele vandret lagdelte Ler ved sit Indhold af Plantelevninger, Snegle- og Muslingeskaller viser sig at være senglacialt Ferskvandsler, indses det let, at det Søbassin, paa hvis Bund Leret er afsat, nutildags mangler en naturlig Begrænsning mod V og NV. Da en saadan Begrænsning nødvendigvis maa have været tilstede, for at Søen overhovedet kunde opstaa og Leret afsættes, og da Tanken om senere forsvundne Bakker af Ler eller Sand maa udelukkes, kan det kun være Indlandsisens Rand, til en vis Tid (maaske?) repræsenteret af en »død Bræ«, der har dannet denne Begrænsning. Søen har med andre Ord været en isdæmmet Sø.
Om "Faarestiernes" Natur
Authors: Ødum Hilmar
Published: June 2021

Enhver, der har færdedes i det danske Landskab, saaledes som det fremtræder, hvor dets Karakter og Smaaejendommeligheder ikke er udvisket ved Kultur, kender uden Tvivl de saakaldte »Faarestier«. Det er netop et af de smaa Træk, som ikke berører Landskabets store Former, og som derfor ikke fæstner sig ved et flygtigt Indtryk, men den, som har Lejlighed til at blive mere fortrolig dermed, eller som har Øje derfor, vil ikke undgaa at bemærke det. Disse »Faarestier«, der oftest forekommer i Mængde, hvor de i det hele taget findes, fremtræder som lange, smalle Hylder eller Afsatser paa stejle Skrænter og giver disse et højst ejendommeligt Udseende, ikke ulig Rillerne paa et Vaskebrædt. Paa mange Skrænter bemærker man dem ikke paa nært Hold, men faar man Skrænten lidt paa Afstand, vil man ofte, særlig med gunstig Belysning, se dem tydeligt. De gaar som Regel ganske parallelt og retlinet paa lange Strækninger, kun undtagelsesvis løber de sammen, og forsvinder først, naar Skrænten bliver lavere eller drejer om et Hjørne ; der følger de som regel ikke med. Højdeafstanden mellem Stierne kan variere en Del; paa den i Fig. 1 viste Skrænt er den gennemsnitlig ca. 0,8 m, paa den i Fig. 2 ca. 1,0 m.
Om Dictyograptusskiferen paa Bornholm
Authors: Poulsen Chr.
Published: June 2021

Tilstedeværelsen af Dictyograptusskiferen paa Bornholm har længe været almindelig kendt, men denne Dannelse har ikke hidtil været Genstand for nogen mere indgaaende Undersøgelse. Senest er Skiferen omtalt af Grönwall i Beskrivelsen til Kortbladet Bornholm (DGU, I. R., Nr. 13, p. 70). Imidlertid havde Forf. i Juni 1922, under en Undersøgelse af Bornholms ældre Ordovicium, Lejlighed til at studere Dictyograptusskiferens Forhold. Dictyograptusskiferen regnedes tidligere med til Olenusetagen af petrografiske Grunde. Nu betragtes den almindeligt som det ældste Ordovicium, da Graptoliterne her har deres Begyndelse. Til Fordel for denne Opfattelse taler ogsaa, at man i Sverige har en til Dictyograptusskiferen svarende Trilobitfacies, hvor særlig en Form, Hyslerolenus Tornquisti Mbg., tyder paa nær Tilknytning til Ceratopygekalken. Det skal dog her bemærkes, at denne, af Moberg foreslaaede, for Skandinavien naturlige og praktiske Grænse mellem Kambrium og Silur vanskeligere lader sig drage i Nordamerika, hvor Varieteter af Dictyograptus flabelliformis ifølge Matthew skal findes sammen med Peltura scarabaeoides Wahlenb., ja endog i Zonen med Parabolina spinulosa Wahlenb. Ved nøjere Undersøgelse af Faunaernes Sammensætning vil man dog sikkert overvinde denne Vanskelighed.
Fund af Vildhest (Eqvus caballus) fra Overgangen mellem Sen- og Postglacialtid i Danmark
Authors: Iversen Johs.
Published: June 2021

Fra Hr. Realskolebestyrer B. Thorlacius Ussing modtog Universitetets Zoologiske Museum i April 1933 en Knogle, som var fundet ved en Kælderudgravning i Fjerritslev. Det viste sig at være et Laarben af en Hest, og Dr. M. Degerbøl sendte den til Danmarks Geologiske Undersøgelse for at faa den tidsbestemt ved Pollenanalyse. Med Knoglen fulgte en Række Prøver, som Hr. Thorlacius Ussing, hvis store Hjælpsomhed ogsaa siden kom os til gode, paa Dr. Degerbøls Anmodning havde udtaget umiddelbart ved Findestedet. Noget senere indsendtes en ny Hesteknogle, som havde ligget 4-5 m fjernet fra den første. Af Pollenanalyserne fremgik, at Knoglerne havde ligget i Lag, der var afsatte i Overgangstiden mellem Tundra- og Skovtid, et Tidspunkt, der ligger Aartusinder, før Hesten var Husdyr her i Landet. Vildhest og Tamhest kan ikke adskilles ved Hjælp af Knoglerne, men en Hesteknogle af saa stor Ælde, som Jordlagene antyder, kan kun stamme fra en Vildhest. Fundet fik derved stor Interesse og jeg foretog en grundigere Undersøgelse af Findestedet og Fundlagene, dels for at faa Sikkerhed for, at der ikke kunde være Tale om en nedgravet Hest, og dels for at faa saa fyldige Oplysninger som muligt om Naturforholdene paa Egnen i den Tid, da Vildhesten færdedes der.
Pollenanalytisk Datering af et Moselig fra Bredmose, Store Arden, Himmerland
Authors: Christensen B. Brorson
Published: June 2021

Den 24. Juni 1942 fandtes under Tørvegravning i Bredmose, Syd for Store Arden Station i Himmerland, et Kvindelig i Tørven. Liget var indsvøbt i Tøj og var forbavsende velbevaret, saaledes som det oftere har været Tilfældet med slige Fund fra Sphagnummoser. Det blev af Politiet optaget fra sit Leje i Tørven.Inspektør P. Riismøller fra Aalborg historiske Museum blev tilkaldt og fik Lejlighed til at undersøge det udpegede Findested. Her skal gengives den Del af Inspektør Riismøllers Beretning, der omhandler Fundforholdene samt de Foranstaltninger, der af ham blev foretaget paa Stedet.
Serial Sections of Small Fossils. A New Method
Authors: Birket-Smith Jørgen
Published: June 2021

An historical review of the practical study of foraminifera is followed by a selection of detailed accounts of methods for the study of the internal structure of foraminifera. The author's technique for serially sectioning small fossils is presented in great detail. After embedding in celloidin the fossil material is dissolved, and replaced by paraffin wax which may, after microtoming, be removed, and the celloidin stained and embedded in dammar-xylene.This technique enables the finer detail of small fossils to be studied in transparency. Photographs of completed preparations, and a comprehensive bibliography are included.
Studies on the Bryozoan Species Coscinopleura elegans and Coscinopleura angusta n. sp. from the Senonian and Danian Deposits of Denmark
Authors: Berthelsen Ole
Published: June 2021

The following is an attempt to employ the Bryozoa in the stratigraphy of the Danish Cretaceous system.Authors who have previously occupied themselves with the Bryozoa in the Danish chalk have treated them from zoological and palaeontological aspects; in a few papers only are there peripheral remarks of stratigraphical significance.Below is an account of my studies on the species Coscinopleura elegans (von Hagenow), comprising variations in the width of the colonies in specimens from various limestone and chalk localities, and also an examination of the marginal vibracula and caenozooecia. I have not gone into the question of the structure and placing of zooecia and ooecia, these cells having been described by several authors, especially Beissel (1865), Marsson (1888), Canu (1913) and Canu & Bassler (1920).
Silicone Oil as a Mounting Medium for Pollen Grains
Authors: Andersen Svend Th.
Published: June 2021

With the refinement of pollen analysis and with the need for more exact identifications, a number of special problems present themselves. Detailed comparative morphology becomes increasingly important and with it the requirements as to the properties of the embedding medium increase.The problems of species identifications, especially, call for a comparison of the "coarseness" of morphological details. Hence it becomes desirable that the pollen exines to be studied are found in comparable states of expansion. Chemical treatments of various kinds are well known to modify the size of pollen grains greatly, but as will be shown below the qualities of the embedding media influence their immediate state too.
Nordvestsjællands Geologi
Authors: Milthers V
Published: June 2021

Nordvestsjælland er den mest uregelmæssige Del af Sjælland, hvad Form og Overfladeforhold angaar. De lange Odder, der alle peger mod Vest og Nordvest, de fremtrædende, lange, buede Højdedrag og naturgivne Kysters tungede Forløb med de mange Bugter og dybe Indskæringer giver tilsammen et Landskabspræg, som gør Nordvestsjælland fuldstændig enestaaende, ikke blot inden for Sjælland, men inden for hele det danske Landskab. Som noget helt for sig ligger de fremtrædende Odder og Næs. De har allerede i den danske Geologis Barndom været Genstand for vaagen, geologisk Interesse. I 1810 nævner Henrich Steffens i sine »Geognostisch-geologische Aufsatze«, at man »ved Kalundborg skal have fundet Spor af Sandsten, ja, endog af Granit«. Det laa for ham nær at samstille Røsnæs med Kullen i Skaane, eftersom han gik ud fra, at Sydvestsveriges Grundfjæld strakte sig vidt mod Vest, udgjorde Bunden af Kattegat og traadte i Dagen i Hirtsholmene ved Frederikshavn. I sin første Danmarks Geologi i 1835 nævner Forchhammer vel ikke udtrykkelig Røsnæs, men paa det medfølgende Kort ligger Næsset i den Linie, fra Rügen, over Møns Klint til Mors, langs hvilken han mente, at der havde fundet Hævninger og Forstyrrelser Sted, hvorved Undergrundens Lag var skudt op til Jordoverfladen. Da han nogle Aar senere, i 1840, besøgte Røsnæs og her saa de forstyrrede, opskudte Lag af Plastisk Ler, var det naturligt, at han deri fandt en Bekræftelse af de Forestillinger, han havde om Danmarks geologiske Opbygning.
Mapping in the Umanak district, central West Greenland
Authors: Pulvertaft T.C.R , Andersen M.C , Jørgensen J.B , Knudsen J.C , Schiøtte L
Published: June 2021

Geological mapping in the Umanak district aimed at the production of the 1:100000 sheet 70 V.2 Nord - Agpat continued in 1979. The background for this work was outlined by Pulvertaft (1979a). The four geologists who were in the field in 1978 were joined in 1979 by Lasse Schiøtte who mapped area III (Pulvertaft, 1979a, p. 27, fig. 9). In response to a request from Umanak Kommune, one of us (T.C.R.P.) visited the village of Niaqornat to investigate the rock falls that have damaged buildings in the village, and to assess the risk of further falls. Copies of areport on this investigation have been submitted to Umanak Kommune and GGU.
Field evidence concerning the origin of the early leucocratic granites within the Qôrqut Granite Complex in the area of Qôrqut
Authors: Brown M , Friend C.R.L
Published: June 2021

We have shown (Brown & Friend, this report) that the Qarqut Granite Complex in the area east of Umanap suvdlua is made up of three main groups of granites. This report describes structures found in the area of Qôrqut which provide an insight into the origin of the first main group - the leucocratic granites.
Airborne remote sensing in East Greenland
Authors: Thyrsted T
Published: June 2021

In the spring of 1979 a remote sensing project in East Greenland was commenced, introducing this new method of investigation to Greenland. The aim of the project is to investigate the possibility of using airborne remote sensing in connection with mineral exploration. In the region chosen for investigation (Inset, fig. 35) several mineralisations of different types and ages occur, and the purpose is to find out which remote sensing techniques and data processings are appropriate for detection and reproduction on images ofthese known mineralisations. The region is geologically well known and it is well exposed, vegetation and secondary cover being very limited.
Monoceratella (Ostracoda) from the Silurian of Washington Land, North Greenland
Authors: Lane P.D
Published: June 2021

Monoceratella mazos n. sp. is described from the Lower Silurian of Washington Land, western North Greenland. The occurrence, together with others from the Upper Ordovician and Devonian, emphasises the possibility of homeomorphy within the otherwise typically Middle Ordovician genus Monoceratella.
An occurrence of Tertiary shales from the Harder Fjord Fault, North Greenland fold belt, Peary Land
Authors: Croxton C.A , Dawes P.R , Soper N.J , Thomsen E
Published: June 2021

A shale outcrop from the Harder Fjord Fault zone in eastern Peary Land, North Greenland, is dated on palynological evidence as early Tertiary. The Harder Fjord Fault traverses the North Greenland fold belt and the shale occurrence extends the age range of strata known to be trapped in this important fault zone. The occurrence represents the most northerly record of Tertiary pollen.
Chemistry of feldspars in the Ilímaussaq augite syenite with additional data on some other minerals
Authors: Larsen L.M
Published: June 2021

The feldspars af the augite sycnitc have been described by Ussing (1912, p. 188), Hamilton (1964) and Ferguson (1964, 1970, pp. 49-51). These allthors used optical and X-ray methods giving only crude clues to chemistry. However, Hamilton (1964, pp. 28-29) noted the scarce occurrence ef corroded oligoclase cores, and Ferguson (1970) nored that the Ab/Or ratio is higher in feldspar from the augite syenite than in feldspar from the agpaitic rocks. Belaw are reported the results af a microprobe reconnaissance study ef feldspars from the augitc syenite, together witil microprobe data on some other minerals. Thc two samples selected are the same as used in a previous investigation of the mafic minerals (Larsen, 1976).
Review of the stratigraphic divisions of the kakortokite and lujavrite in southern Ilímaussaq
Authors: Bohse H , Andersen S
Published: June 2021

Kakortokite and lujavrite constitute the lower sequence of the stratified Ilimaussaq intrusion. Detailed field work in recent years has allowed the extension and refinement of the stratigraphy so that the idealised section from the south-east part of the intrusion (fig. 1) presents the current state of knowledge. The kakortokite and lujavrite accumulated on the floor of the magma chamber which was probably formed by a major cauldron subsidence of at least 1600 m. The exposed thickness of these two rock types is nearly 1000 m; however the deeper levels and substratum are unknown. By the time the exposed part of the bottom sequence started to accumulate, the 800 m thick roof sequence had aiready solidified. At this time the magma chamber was roofed by naujaite and insulated from the wall rocks by a shell of early-formed marginal pegmatite (Andersen et al., 1981).
Continuation of the palaeomagnetic field work in eastern North Greenland
Authors: Marcussen C
Published: June 2021

The aim of the 1980 fjeld work was to extend the collection of orientated rock samples from North Greenland obtained in 1979 (Abrahamsen & Marcussen, 1980). The material consists of Upper Proterozoic to Lower Palaeozoic sediments as well as the presumed interglacial sediments at Kap København (Table 5). The two years' palaeomagnetic field work has resulted in anearly complete collection of orientated rock samples from all formations older than the Silurian flysch. The collection may be divided into six stratigraphical units (figs 28, 29).
Palynology of shales associated with the Kap Washington Group volcanics, central North Greenland
Authors: Batten D.J
Published: June 2021

A shale sample from beneath the Kap Washington Group volcanics of central North Greenland failed to yield any microfossils, but an assemblage of Aquilapollenites and other morphologically related triprojectate pollen has been recovered from shales within the upper part of the succession. The relative abundance of these pollen grains and Rb-Sr age determinations based on rhyolites suggest that the volcanicity occurred at, or just prior to, the Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary. The presence of Triprojectacites in North Greenland adds further support to recent suggestions of a circumpolar distribution for at least some of the plant species which produced this type of pollen. A non-marine origin for the shales is favoured on the basis of the general aspect of the palynofacies.
Petrology and rare earth element geochemistry of clastic metasedimentary rocks from the Isua supracrustal belt, West Greenland
Authors: Boak J.L , Dymek R.F , Gromet L.P
Published: June 2021

An investigation of the petrology and rare-earth element (REE) geochemistry of clastic metasedimentary rocks from the ~ 3800 Ma Isua Supracrustal Belt has been carried out to provide constraints on the nature of early Archaean metamorphie regimes and on the sources of their sedimentary protolith. The assemblages garnet + staurolite + biotite and biotite + kyanite (both with qtz + muse + plag + Hm) characterize the Isua metasediments and represent types common in younger metamorphic belts. Secondary chlorite and sericite occur in most samples. Garnet-biotite geothermometry indicates T = 541 ± 43°C for prograde metamorphism and T = 464 ± 39°C for retrograde metamorphism. Suggested metamorphic conditions of T - 550°C and P - 5 Kb imply burial to at least 15 Km with metamorphic thermal gradients < 40°C/Km. These data argue against excessively steep early Archaean crustal thermal gradients. REE patterns for three museovite-biotite gneisses are strongly fractionated (CeN = 40-100; YbN = 2-8) with variable Eu-anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.48-0.95), not unlike patterns for Arehaean felsic voicanic rocks in other areas. Garnet-biotite sehists have less-fractionated light REE, and exhibit a slope reversal for the heavy REE (i.e., GdN< YbN. These most plausibly represent a mixed felsic-mafic (- ultramafic?) protolith. Both sediment types could be the erosion produets of a rapidly emergent voicanic structure shedding debris into a shallow basin.
The Malene metasedimentary rocks on Rypeø, and their relationship to Amîtsoq gneisses
Authors: Dymek R.F , Weed R , Gromet L.P
Published: June 2021

Two groups of Malene metasedimentary rocks on Rypeø, a small island south of Godthåb, have been studied in detail in order to evaluate their origin and relationship to older, adjacent Amîtsoq gneiss. Field observation shows that the metasediments range from massive to finely layered, and include an unusual pod-rock ('pseudoconglomerate'), which probably represents a series of deformed sedimentary layers (or lenses) of contrasting competence. Petrographic study indicates that the metasediments are quartz-rich, contain abundant plagioclase and biotite, and small but variable amounts ofsillimanite, muscovite, microcline and garnet. Rare earth elements (REE) in samples of four metasedimentary lithologies are similar to some published analyses of 'tonalitic' Amîtsoq gneiss. These observations suggest that the protolith of the Malene metasediments on Rypeø was dominated by sandstone type lithologies which evolved in a near-shore tidal to fiuviatile environment. These sediments were probably derived by weathering and erosion of Amitsoq gneiss and deposited unconformably on such a gneissic basement. Petrological study indicates that the Rypeø metasediments were metamorphosed to the beginning of Muse + Qtz breakdown (Musc-Sill-Kfsp transition zone), and locally underwent minor amounts of melting. The proposed original unconformable contact relationships, coupled with high-grade polymetamorphism - not only of the supracrustal rocks but also of Amitsoq gneiss - indicates substantial vertical crustal movement, perhaps as much as 75 km since the time of formation of Amitsoq gneiss at - 3750 Ma.
A description and interpretation of the Proterozoic Kobbefjord Fault Zone, Godthåb district, West Greenland
Authors: Smith G.M , Dymek R.F
Published: June 2021

The Kobbefjord Fault Zone (KFZ) is recognized as the largest of a group of early Proterozoic dextral transcurrent fault zones that cut Archaean gneisses in the vicinity of Godthåb. Detailed fjeld study of the KFZ reveals that it corresponds to a zone of deformation and alteration - 100 m wide, which completely obliterate pre-existing structures in country rock gneisses. Rocks within the KFZ are dominantly quartz-rich laminated mylonites characterized by regionally consistent NE-SW trending subvertical foliations and subhorizontallineations. Such mylonites were produced by intense ductile deformation, although local pseudotachylites and cataclasites occur which indicate minor amounts of brittIe deformation as well. Alteration in the KFZ involved pervasive pink staining and/or bleaching, and development of hydrated mineral assemblages (Chl + Ep + Musc), indicating an important role for fluid flux during the faulting process. Movement on the KFZ was probably initiated in the time period 2000-1800 Ma, as it displaces mafic dikes which appear correlative to dikes to the north of the Godthåb area which yield ages in this range. Deformation in the KFZ most plausibly represents internal deformation of a stable continental block subjected to compression on at least two sides. Data for fabric elements in the KFZ and for associated conjugate shears indicate that the principal compressive stress (o1) for this faulting episode was oriented W-NW, but precise relationships to deformation events on the margin of this block have yet to be deduced.
A magnetic and electromagnetic investigation of disseminated sulphide mineralisation at "Fossilik", central West Greenland
Authors: Thorning L
Published: June 2021

In summer 1982 an experimental geophysical investigation was carried out for one month around an occurrence of disseminated iron-copper sulphides at 'Fossilik', Sukkertoppen. A geochemical sampling programme was undertaken by other geologists. The object of the geophysical work was to investigate various geophysical methods and instruments in relation to iron-copper sulphide mineralisation in a norite body. For this purpose the Apex Maxmin II and the Geonics EM16/16R were hired from Fenning Environmental Services.
Continuation of the mapping of Archaean rocks in the southern part of the Ivisârtoq map sheet
Authors: Brewer M , Coe K , Robertson S
Published: June 2021

Field work was resumed in the southern part of the Ivisartoq map sheet in the 1982 field season. S.R. completed an area in Kangiussap nuna and undertook special investigations including detailed sampling for isotope studies in selected areas in more northern parts. K.c. was joined by M.B. for mapping in Nunatarssuaq so that by the end of the field season more than three quarters of the southern part had been mapped and the work is well up to schedule (fig. 12). The ground covered in 1982 presented problems similar to those of 1981, the main difficulty being that of assigning quartzo-feldspathic gneisses to one of the established groups. The well tried criteria have again proved to be fallible and Ouf conviction that a large scale isotope programme is essential is strengthened. This programme is already in hand.
Tungsten in the Godthåb area, West Greenland
Authors: Appel P.W.U
Published: June 2021

The tungsten mineral scheelite has not previously been reported from the Godthåb area in West Greenland. The first indications of its presence were found in heavy mineral concentrates from a stream on Storø in Godthåbsfjord. Exploration for scheelite in Greenland is difficult. A systematic stream-sediment programme cannot be undertaken before mid-June because many of the streams are frozen or covered with snow until then. Examination in ultra-violet light must be carried out in darkness so scheelite cannot be looked for before the end of August because of the midnight sun and the work must be finished by early September when snow covers the ground. A minor difficulty in this context is the abundance of lichens with bluish white fluorescence which cover the rock surfaces. The following report is based on field observations only. Laboratory work was limited to X-ray identification ofscheelite in two heavy mineral concentrates and in two rock samples.
Glaciological, glacier-hydrological and climatological investigations around 66°N, West Greenland
Authors: Olesen O.B , Andreasen J.-O
Published: June 2021

As part of the GGU programme for the regional mapping of the hydroelectric potential of West Greenland, glaciological, glacier-hydrological and climatological investigations were carried out at three local ice caps near latitude 66° in West Greenland. Two of the ice caps, Sukkertoppen ice cap and 'Amitsuloq ice cap', contribute to the runoff from the Tasersiaq basin (fig. 41) while the third, Qapiarfiup sermia, drains into a smaller basin east of Sukkertoppen. Investigations in the Tasersiaq basin were started by GGU in August 1981 (Olesen, 1982) while glaciological measurements at Qapiarfiup serrnia were started in March 1981.
Field mapping of the early Proterozoic Karrat Group on Svartenhuk Halvø, central West Greenland
Authors: Grocott J , Vissers R
Published: June 2021

Field work on the Precambrian rocks of Svartenhuk Halvø was continued in 1983 in connection with the production of the 1:100 000 sheet 71 V.l N. The work was complementary to that of 1981 (van den Eeckhout & Grocott, 1982), and attention was focussed on the middle and upper reaches of Kangiussap auvfâ in the east of Svartenhuk Halvø (fig. 10).
Tungsten mineralisation in the Godthåb area, West Greenland
Authors: Appel P.W.U
Published: June 2021

The discovery in 1982 of scheelite in stream sediments in the Godthåb area and in situ mineralisations in the early Archaean Akilia rocks on Storø in Godthåbsfjord (Appel, 1983) was followed up by field work in the summer of 1983. The regional stream sediment sampling programme was extended to Ameralik fjord, south af Godthåb, and to the inner parts of Godthåbsfjord. Field work at night with ultra-violet light examination was carried out on Storø and Sadelø in Godthåbsfjord and in Kobbefjord, south of Godthåb. The latter part of the programme was carried out with the assistance of volunteers from Ungdomstjenesten (Greenland's Youth Organisation). The folIowing report is based on field observations only. Laboratory work has been Iimited to X-ray identification of scheelite in four rock samples; two from Storø, one from Sadelø and one from Kobbefjord.
Location of two glacier surges in West Greenland
Authors: Weidick A
Published: June 2021

The registration of West Greenland glaciers was completed in 1983. Around 5000 local glaciers and lobes from the Inland lce have been located. Indications of surging behaviour have been noted at a restricted number of these, and the two localities with the best documentation and most peculiar features are described below. One is an example of a 'periodic surge', while the other is essentiaIly a 'permanent surge'. The main characteristic of glacier surges is a rapid transfer of large volumes of ice from a reservoir area (usually to the snout), so that velocities are 10 to 100 times those of normal glaciers. Rates of movement of surging glaciers usually reach 1 m or more per day (Paterson, 1981). The strong movement leaves diagnostic features on the glacier surfaee in the form of chaotic crevassing or looped moraines. Local glaciers ean only provide enough ice to maintain high flow rates for a short time, and the catastrophic advances of such 'periodic surges' are often repeated with reported intervals of 20-100 years. Since some of the outlets from the Greenland Inland lce move permanently with high velocities the concept of surging has been extended to cover these cases as well, but as 'permanent surges' (Hughes, 1978; Weertman, 1983). The ice sheet here provides sufficient ice for the permanent maintenance of high flow rates.
Glaciological and climatological investigations at Qamanârssûp sermia, West Greenland
Authors: Braithwaite R.J
Published: June 2021

As part of the GGU programme of investigations in connection with hydropower in West Greenland, glaciological and climatological measurements were continued at Qamanârssup serrnia (inventory no. lCH21002) in 1983. The station was first established in late summer 1979 so that records for four complete summers 1980-1983 are now available. Brief reports on the work have been given by Olesen (1981), Olesen & Braithwaite (1982) and Braithwaite (1983a), while more detailed analyses and presentations of data can be found in Braithwaite & Olesen (1982) and Braithwaite (1983b). A similar detailed report on the 1983 field work is now in preparation. As a supplement to the routine programme of measurements by GGU, mapping and survey work have been carried out by N. T. Knudsen & J. T. Møller of Aarhus University. A detailed map on the 1:10 000 scale of the lower parts of Qamanårssup serrnia has been prepared by Knudsen & Møller (1982), while ice velocity variations were analysed by Andreasen (1982).
Aeromagnetic maps of parts of southern and central West Greenland: acquisition, compilation and general analysis of data
Authors: Thorning L
Published: June 2021

Approximately 52 000 line km of aeromagnetic data were acquired in 1975 and 1976. The data are mainly compiled from six survey areas between 64°N and 68°15'N, and from reconnaissance lines flown over several regions of West Greenland between 62°30'N and 72°N. The compilation involved editing and cleaning of data, first order correction of diurnal variation by use of a filtered base station magnetic fieid, further magnetic levelling using tie lines, and finally gridding of data. From the gridded data a coloured contour map has been produced at a scale of 1:500 000 together with black and white contoured maps at 1:250000. The report contains a general discusion of the major anomalies. The major elements in the discusssion are the relationships between the aeromagnetic field and geological features such as metamorphic facies boundaries, lithological units and structural lineaments.
Review of the Survey's activities in 1984
Authors: Ghisler M
Published: June 2021

The Geological Survey of Greenland (GGU) continued the investigation of the geology of Greenland during the year with both field studies in Greenland and laboratory studies in Copenhagen. Field work was carried out between June and September by two main field groups in the northern and southernmost parts of Greenland separated by more than 2000 km. Smaller groups worked in several areas along the west coast and a short reconnaissance was accomplished along the south-east coast. GGU's work encompassed geochemical and geophysical studies, mineral exploration, petroleum geology, environmental investigations, and glaciology. Seventy-nine scientists and technicians participated in the summer's field work. In addition to the GGU parties several groups from other institutions worked in dose collaboration with GGU. The areas of activity in 1984 are indicated on fig. 1.
Systematic 1:500 000 mapping and regional geological studies in central and western North Greenland
Authors: Henriksen N
Published: June 2021

The first season of the two-year field mapping programme in central and western North Greenland was carried out from June to August 1984. The investigations are a continuation of the 1978-1980 mapping programme in the Peary Land region, adjoining the present area to the east. One of the main aims of the regional geological studies in the present programme is the production of a 1:500 000 map sheet of the area between J. P. Koch Fjord (c.400W) in the east and north-easternmost Washington Land (65°W) in the west; the southem boundary of the map sheet is latitude 81°N, although the Inland Ice in most of the region forms the southern margin of the rock outcrop. A special source rock project (Christiansen & Rolle, this report), financed by the Danish Ministry of Energy, was fully integrated with the mapping programme.
The alkaline rocks of the Motzfeldt Centre; progress report on the 1984 field season
Authors: Bradshaw C
Published: June 2021

The detailed mapping programme in the Motzfeldt Centre that commenced in 1982 with the Syduran project (Armour-Brown et al., 1983) continued in collaboration with the GGU Pyrochlore project in 1984 (Tukiainen, this report). The resuIts obtained during the 1982 field season enabled the various syenite units of the centre to be grouped (from older to younger) into Geologfjeld (GF), Motzfeldt Sø (MSF) and Flinks Dal (FDF) Formations (Tukiainen et al., 1984). The purpose of the work in 1984 was to study the structure and spatial distribution of the rock formations in the lesser known western and southern parts of the Motzfeldt Centre. The revised map is shown in Tukiainen (this report) and some of the more important observations are outlined below.
Glaciological field work and remote sensing in connection with hydropower investigations, West Greenland
Authors: Thomsen H.H
Published: June 2021

As a part of the GGU programme for mapping the hydroeleetric potential of West Greenland, mass balance and temperature data have been collected. Additionally, remote sensing has been applied to the delineation of drainage basins on the Inland lce.
Estimation of runoff for proposed hydropower stations near Jakobshavn and Christianshåb, West Greenland
Authors: Thomsen H.H , Braithwaite R.J
Published: June 2021

During the winter of 1983-1984 the authors worked together with T. Thomsen and G.H. Jørgensen, Greenland Technical Organization (GTO), to make estimates of runoff conditions for proposed hydropower stations near Jakobshavn (at Pâkitsup akuliaruserssua) and near Christianshåb (at Kugssup tasia) (fig. 38). This co-operation was necessary because neither GGU nor GTO had sufficient information to do the job alone. For example, the streamflow in both areas is dominated by runoff from the Inland Ice, and we provided the delineations of the glacier-covered areas (Thomsen, 1984) and estimates of various glacier climate parameters (Braithwaite, 1984a), together with one year of mass balance data from the area (Thomsen, 1984). an the other hand, GTO had measured the runoff in both areas for the four years 1980-1983 and we benefitted by access to this data. Both groups used climatological data from Jakobshavn, provided by the Danish Meteorological Institute, as a basis for the hydrological calculations. Bach group used their own model, i.e. the MB1/SM1/ RO1 models from GGU (Braithwaite, 1984b) and a modified NAM-I1 model from GTO (Thomsen & Jørgensen, 1984), and made separate calculations. A summary of the results was sent to the engineering companies responsibIe for preparing designs of the two hydropower stations. Detailed descriptions of our methods and results are given in Braithwaite & Thomsen (1984a,b) and will only be summarized briefly here, especially to illustrate points of principle.
Remote sensing - a new tool in exploration geology
Authors: Thyrsted T
Published: June 2021

Remote sensing techniques have been applied to mineral exploration in areas of South and East Greenland. The data consist of airborne and satellite-borne (Landsat) multispectral scanner images and geochemical and geophysical measurements interpolated into grid format and registered on the Landsat images. The main image processing methods applied include ratioing, principal component transformation/factor analysis and classification. In addition, visual and subsequent statistical analyses of lineaments were carried out on images from South Greenland. The results of the work include mapping of several hundred spectral anomalies which represent oxidation zones on the ground. The lineament analysis resulted in definition of major linear zones with increased lineament intensities; some of these zones may have geological significance. Supervised classification was carried out on an integrated data set consisting of images and geochemical/geophysical data. The training areas mainly included uranium showings, and the classified image depicts both previously known occurrences and a new area which is statistically similar to the training areas.