bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public health impacts of an imminent Red Sea oil spill
Authors: Huynh Benjamin Q. , Kwong Laura H. , Kiang Mathew V. , Chin Elizabeth T. , Mohareb Amir M. , Jumaan Aisha O. , Basu Sanjay , Geldsetzer Pascal , Karaki Fatima M. , Rehkopf David H.
Published: October 2021

The possibility of a massive oil spill in the Red Sea is increasingly likely. The Safer, a deteriorating oil tanker containing 1.1 million barrels of oil, has been deserted near the coast of Yemen since 2015 and threatens environmental catastrophe to a country presently in a humanitarian crisis. Here, we model the immediate public health impacts of a simulated spill. We estimate that all of Yemen’s imported fuel through its key Red Sea ports would be disrupted and that the anticipated spill could disrupt clean-water supply equivalent to the daily use of 9.0–9.9 million people, food supply for 5.7–8.4 million people and 93–100% of Yemen’s Red Sea fisheries. We also estimate an increased risk of cardiovascular hospitalization from pollution ranging from 5.8 to 42.0% over the duration of the spill. The spill and its potentially disastrous impacts remain entirely preventable through offloading the oil. Our results stress the need for urgent action to avert this looming disaster.
Nature inequity and higher COVID-19 case rates in less-green neighbourhoods in the United States
Authors: Spotswood Erica N. , Benjamin Matthew , Stoneburner Lauren , Wheeler Megan M. , Beller Erin E. , Balk Deborah , McPhearson Timon , Kuo Ming , McDonald Robert I.
Published: October 2021

Urban nature—such as greenness and parks—can alleviate distress and provide space for safe recreation during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, nature is often less available in low-income populations and communities of colour—the same communities hardest hit by COVID-19. In analyses of two datasets, we quantified inequity in greenness and park proximity across all urbanized areas in the United States and linked greenness and park access to COVID-19 case rates for ZIP codes in 17 states. Areas with majority persons of colour had both higher case rates and less greenness. Furthermore, when controlling for sociodemographic variables, an increase of 0.1 in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index was associated with a 4.1% decrease in COVID-19 incidence rates (95% confidence interval: 0.9–6.8%). Across the United States, block groups with lower income and majority persons of colour are less green and have fewer parks. Our results demonstrate that the communities most impacted by COVID-19 also have the least nature nearby. Given that urban nature is associated with both human health and biodiversity, these results have far-reaching implications both during and beyond the pandemic.
Energy-efficient memcapacitor devices for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Demasius Kai-Uwe , Kirschen Aron , Parkin Stuart
Published: October 2021

Data-intensive computing operations, such as training neural networks, are essential for applications in artificial intelligence but are energy intensive. One solution is to develop specialized hardware onto which neural networks can be directly mapped, and arrays of memristive devices can, for example, be trained to enable parallel multiply–accumulate operations. Here we show that memcapacitive devices that exploit the principle of charge shielding can offer a highly energy-efficient approach for implementing parallel multiply–accumulate operations. We fabricate a crossbar array of 156 microscale memcapacitor devices and use it to train a neural network that could distinguish the letters ‘M’, ‘P’ and ‘I’. Modelling these arrays suggests that this approach could offer an energy efficiency of 29,600 tera-operations per second per watt, while ensuring high precision (6–8 bits). Simulations also show that the devices could potentially be scaled down to a lateral size of around 45 nm.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Phosphor-IWS1-dependent U2AF2
splicing regulates trafficking of CAR-E-positive intronless gene mRNAs and sensitivity
to viral infection
Authors: Laliotis Georgios I. , Kenney Adam D. , Chavdoula Evangelia , Orlacchio Arturo , Kaba Abdul , La Ferlita Alessandro , Anastas Vollter , Tsatsanis Christos , Beane Joal D. , Sehgal Lalit , Coppola Vincenzo , Yount Jacob S. , Tsichlis Philip N.
Published: October 2021

AKT-phosphorylated IWS1 promotes Histone H3K36 trimethylation and
alternative RNA splicing of target genes, including the U2AF65 splicing
factor-encoding U2AF2. The predominant U2AF2 transcript, upon IWS1 phosphorylation block,
lacks the RS-domain-encoding exon 2, and encodes a protein which fails to bind
Prp19. Here we show that although both U2AF65 isoforms bind intronless mRNAs
containing cytoplasmic accumulation region elements (CAR-E), only the RS
domain-containing U2AF65 recruits Prp19 and promotes their nuclear export. The
loading of U2AF65 to CAR-Elements was RS domain-independent, but RNA
PolII-dependent. Virus- or poly(I:C)-induced type I IFNs are encoded by genes
targeted by the pathway. IWS1 phosphorylation-deficient cells therefore, express
reduced levels of IFNα1/IFNβ1 proteins, and exhibit enhanced sensitivity to
infection by multiple cytolytic viruses. Enhanced sensitivity of IWS1-deficient
cells to Vesicular Stomatitis Virus and Reovirus resulted in enhanced apoptotic cell
death via caspase activation. Inhibition of this pathway may therefore sensitize
cancer cells to oncolytic viruses.
HMGB1 signaling phosphorylates Ku70 and impairs DNA damage repair in Alzheimer’s disease pathology
Authors: Tanaka Hikari , Kondo Kanoh , Fujita Kyota , Homma Hidenori , Tagawa Kazuhiko , Jin Xiaocen , Jin Meihua , Yoshioka Yuki , Takayama Sumire , Masuda Hitomi , Tokuyama Rie , Nakazaki Yukoh , Saito Takashi , Saido Takaomi , Murayama Shigeo , Ikura Teikichi , Ito Nobutoshi , Yamamori Yu , Tomii Kentaro , Bianchi Marco E. , Okazawa Hitoshi
Published: October 2021

DNA damage is increased in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), while the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we employ comprehensive phosphoproteome analysis, and identify abnormal phosphorylation of 70 kDa subunit of Ku antigen (Ku70) at Ser77/78, which prevents Ku70-DNA interaction, in human AD postmortem brains. The abnormal phosphorylation inhibits accumulation of Ku70 to the foci of DNA double strand break (DSB), impairs DNA damage repair and eventually causes transcriptional repression-induced atypical cell death (TRIAD). Cells under TRIAD necrosis reveal senescence phenotypes. Extracellular high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein, which is released from necrotic or hyper-activated neurons in AD, binds to toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) of neighboring neurons, and activates protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) that executes Ku70 phosphorylation at Ser77/78. Administration of human monoclonal anti-HMGB1 antibody to post-symptomatic AD model mice decreases neuronal DSBs, suppresses secondary TRIAD necrosis of neurons, prevents escalation of neurodegeneration, and ameliorates cognitive symptoms. TRIAD shares multiple features with senescence. These results discover the HMGB1-Ku70 axis that accounts for the increase of neuronal DNA damage and secondary enhancement of TRIAD, the cell death phenotype of senescence, in AD.
Features of repertoire diversity and gene expression in human cytotoxic T cells following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Nakasone Hideki , Kusuda Machiko , Terasako-Saito Kiriko , Kawamura Koji , Akahoshi Yu , Kawamura Masakatsu , Takeshita Junko , Kawamura Shunto , Yoshino Nozomu , Yoshimura Kazuki , Misaki Yukiko , Gomyo Ayumi , Kameda Kazuaki , Tamaki Masaharu , Tanihara Aki , Kimura Shun-ichi , Kako Shinichi , Kanda Yoshinobu
Published: October 2021

Cytomegalovirus reactivation is still a critical concern following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, and cellular immune reconstitution of cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells is necessary for the long-term control of cytomegalovirus reactivation after allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Here we show the features of repertoire diversity and the gene expression profile of HLA-A24 cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells in actual recipients according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern. A skewed preference for BV7 genes and sequential “G” amino acids motif is observed in complementarity-determining region-3 of T cell receptor-β. Increased binding scores are observed in T-cell clones with complementarity-determining region-3 of T cell receptor-β with a “(G)GG” motif. Single-cell RNA-sequence analyses demonstrate the homogenous distribution of the gene expression profile in individual cytomegalovirus-specific cytotoxic T-cells within each recipient. On the other hand, bulk RNA-sequence analyses reveal that gene expression profiles among patients are different according to the cytomegalovirus reactivation pattern, and are associated with cytokine production or cell division. These methods and results can help us to better understand immune reconstitution following hematopoietic cell transplantation, leading to future studies on the clinical application of adoptive T-cell therapies.
Resistivity saturation in Kondo insulators
Authors: Pickem Matthias , Maggio Emanuele , Tomczak Jan M.
Published: October 2021

Resistivities of heavy-fermion insulators typically saturate below a characteristic temperature T*. For some, metallic surface states, potentially from a non-trivial bulk topology, are a likely source of residual conduction. Here, we establish an alternative mechanism: at low temperature, in addition to the charge gap, the scattering rate turns into a relevant energy scale, invalidating the semi-classical Boltzmann picture. Then, finite lifetimes of intrinsic carriers drive residual conduction, impose the existence of a crossover T*, and control—now on par with the gap—the quantum regime emerging below it. Assisted by realistic many-body simulations, we showcase the mechanism for the Kondo insulator Ce3Bi4Pt3, for which residual conduction is a bulk property, and elucidate how its saturation regime evolves under external pressure and varying disorder. Deriving a phenomenological formula for the quantum regime, we also unriddle the ill-understood bulk conductivity of SmB6—demonstrating a wide applicability of our mechanism in correlated narrow-gap semiconductors.
Generation of spin-polarized hot electrons at topological insulators surfaces by scattering from collective charge excitations
Authors: Zakeri Khalil , Wettstein Janek , Sürgers Christoph
Published: October 2021

Topological insulators (TIs) are materials which exhibit topologically protected electronic surface states, acting as mass-less Dirac fermions. Beside their fascinating fundamental physics, TIs are also promising candidates for future spintronic devices. In this regard, generation of spin-polarized currents in TIs is the first and most important step towards their application in spin-based devices. Here we demonstrate that when electrons are scattered from the surface of bismuth selenide, a prototype TI, not only the elastic channel but also the inelastic channel is strongly spin dependent. In particular collective charge excitations (plasmons) excited at such surfaces show a large spin-dependent electron scattering. Electrons scattered by these excitations exhibit a high spin asymmetry, as high as 40%. The observed effect opens up new possibilities to generate spin-polarized currents at the surface of TIs or utilize the collective charge excitations to analyze the electrons’ spin. The results are also important to understand the spin polarization of the photo-excited electrons excited at TIs surfaces. Moreover, our finding will inspire new ideas for using these plasmonic excitations in the field of spin-plasmonics.
Cross-sectional evidence of the cardiometabolic health benefits of urban liveability in Australia
Authors: Higgs Carl , Simons Koen , Badland Hannah , Giles-Corti Billie
Published: October 2021

Recognition is increasing globally that urban planning interventions to improve neighbourhood liveability enable healthy sustainable lifestyles and assist in the prevention and management of chronic disease. We present the spatial urban liveability index (ULI) as a tool to inform localised interventions that would create healthier, more sustainable cities and examine its associations with cardiometabolic and wellbeing-related health outcomes. The ULI and associated indicators were calculated for Melbourne address points and spatially linked with health outcomes for participants from the 2014 Victorian Population Health Survey. Residing in higher liveability areas was found to be positively associated with a more physically active lifestyle and negatively associated with BMI—more so than for a comparable walkability index. Although walkable neighbourhoods underpin a liveable city, areas with diverse ‘community, culture and leisure’ destinations displayed strongest beneficial associations with cardiometabolic health outcomes, suggesting that access to diverse local destinations may encourage more active sustainable living.
Activation of a G protein-coupled receptor through indirect antibody-mediated tethering of ligands
Authors: Cheloha Ross W. , Fischer Fabian A. , Gardella Thomas J. , Ploegh Hidde L.
Published: October 2021

The use of antibodies to target membrane receptors enables specific and potent activation. But antibodies with appropriate specificity can be lacking. We present methods for targeting receptors without target-specific antibodies.
Growth, spectral and laser properties of a Yb-doped strontium yttrium phosphate crystal with a disordered structure
Authors: Wu Guangda , Yin Xiaoqin , Yu Pingzhang , Fan Mengdi , Yu Fapeng , Fan Shuzhen , Wang Zhengping , Zhao Xian
Published: October 2021

A novel disordered crystal Yb:YSr3(PO4)3 is grown by the Czochralski method. Results indicate that it can be a promising candidate for ultrashort pulse generation and tunable broadband solid-state lasers.
Halogen bonding vs. π-stacking interactions in new bis(acenaphthylene)dione semiconductors
Authors: Liu Ying-Hsuan , Dadvand Afshin , Titi Hatem M. , Hamzehpoor Ehsan , Perepichka Dmitrii F.
Published: October 2021

A series of new halogenated bis(acenaphthylene)dione (BAN) derivatives was synthesized, and the effect of halogen bonding on both molecular and crystal structure, and charge transport in n-type thin film transistors was investigated.
Rovibronic signatures of molecular aggregation in the gas phase: subtle homochirality trends in the dimer, trimer and tetramer of benzyl alcohol
Authors: Medel Robert , Camiruaga Ander , Saragi Rizalina Tama , Pinacho Pablo , Pérez Cristóbal , Schnell Melanie , Lesarri Alberto , Suhm Martin A. , Fernández José A.
Published: October 2021

A multi-methodological investigation on the transiently chiral benzyl alcohol reveals a consistent preference for homochiral aggregation from the dimer to the tetramer.
Toward Å–fs–meV resolution in electron microscopy: systematic simulation of the temporal spread of single-electron packets
Authors: Curtis Wyatt A. , Flannigan David J.
Published: October 2021

Effects of experimental parameters – including laser pulse duration, photon energy, aperture diameter, and cathode size – on single-electron temporal resolution are explored via particle-tracer simulations in ultrafast electron microscopy.
Laboratory-scale in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy of a palladium catalyst on a compact inverse-Compton scattering X-ray beamline
Authors: Huang Juanjuan , Deng Fuli , Günther Benedikt , Achterhold Klaus , Liu Yue , Jentys Andreas , Lercher Johannes A. , Dierolf Martin , Pfeiffer Franz
Published: October 2021

We presented detailed instrumentation, data acquisition of in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) using an inverse Compton source. We obtained synchrotron-comparable XAS spectra with a time resolution of <5 min per spectrum.
A microfluidic platform enables comprehensive gene expression profiling of mouse retinal stem cells
Authors: Coles Brenda L. K. , Labib Mahmoud , Poudineh Mahla , Innes Brendan T. , Belair-Hickey Justin , Gomis Surath , Wang Zongjie , Bader Gary D. , Sargent Edward H. , Kelley Shana O. , van der Kooy Derek
Published: October 2021

A microfluidic approach combined with single-cell RNA sequencing enabled prospective identification of retinal stem cells and discovery of novel cell-surface markers and transcription factors.
Limitations of conjugated polymers as emitters in triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion
Authors: O'shea Riley , Gao Can , Bradley Siobhan , Owyong Tze Cin , Wu Na , White Jonathan M. , Ghiggino Kenneth P. , Wong Wallace W. H.
Published: October 2021

Triplet–triplet annihilation upconversion performances for poly(phenylene-vinylene) emitters were investigated through a series of copolymers with bulky sidechains.
Anti-amyloidogenic indolizino[3,2-c]quinolines as imaging probes differentiating dense-core, diffuse, and coronal plaques of amyloid-β
Authors: Kim Kyeonghwan , Lee Jeong Hwa , Kim Sunmi , Lee Songmin , Lee Donghee , Kim Hye Yun , Kim Ikyon , Kim YoungSoo
Published: October 2021

Indolizino[3,2-c]quinoline derivatives are potential imaging agents targeting various forms of amyloid-β plaques.
Planar refractive index patterning through microcontact photo-thermal annealing of a printable organic/inorganic hybrid material
Authors: Bachevillier Stefan , Yuan Hua-Kang , Tetzner Kornelius , Bradley Donal D. C. , Anthopoulos Thomas D. , Stavrinou Paul N. , Stingelin Natalie
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate proof-of-concept refractive-index structures with large refractive-index-gradient profiles, using a rapid micro-contact photothermal annealing (μCPA) process to pattern a novel organic/inorganic hybrid materials family.
Destabilization of Alzheimer's Aβ42 protofibrils with acyclovir, carmustine, curcumin, and tetracycline: insights from molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Jahan Ishrat , Nayeem Shahid M.
Published: October 2021

Among the neurodegenerative diseases, one of the most common dementia is Alzheimer's disease (AD).
Deeply reduced empty Keggin clusters [MoIVxMVI12−xO40−xpyx] (x = 3, 6; M = Mo, W; py = pyridine): synthesis, structures, and Lewis field catalysis
Authors: Ren Cuiming , Lu Zhihao , Luo Benlong , Yi Xiaofeng , Lin Lifang , Xu Li
Published: October 2021

First MoIV3-Keggin anions [MoIVxMVI12−xO40−xpyx]8− (M = Mo, W; x = 3, 6) display unprecedented empty Keggin structure caused by the weak u3-O coordinating capability of the [MoIV3O4] triads and LCF-dependent hydrogen transfer catalysis.
Consecutive reactions to construct tricarbonyl compounds and synthetic applications thereof
Authors: Madroñero Diego , Mujica-Martinez Cesar A. , Vázquez Alfredo
Published: October 2021

A cascade process to construct synthetically valuable β-keto-β′-acylcycloalkanecarboxylic acid esters and their transformation into bicyclic and tricyclic systems through intramolecular condensation reactions.
Large-scale preparation of graphene oxide film and its application for electromagnetic interference shielding
Authors: Xu Lijian , Zhang Wenqian , Wang Ledong , Xue Jie , Hou Shifeng
Published: October 2021

A large-scale preparation of graphene oxide (GO) film is reported, and annealing process improve the electromagnetic interference shielding performance of the film by structure and compositional variation.
Ternary polymer solar cells with iridium-based polymer PM6Ir1 as a donor and N3:ITIC-Th as an acceptor exhibiting over 17.2% efficiency
Authors: Zhang Shuping , Zhang Miao , Wang Xuelin , Xu Chunyu , Xu Wenjing , Gao Jinhua , Wang Jian , Wong Wai-Yeung , Son Jae Hoon , Jeong Sang Young , Woo Han Young , Zhang Fujun
Published: October 2021

Ternary PSCs were fabricated with PM6Ir1 as donor, ITIC-Th and N3 as acceptors. The incorporation of ITIC-Th can effectively optimize phase separation and molecular arrangement, leading to a PCE enhancement from 16.27% to 17.22%.
Positive self-reconstruction in an FeNiMo phosphide electrocatalyst for enhanced overall water splitting
Authors: Wei Yi , Shin Cheol-Hwan , Gyan-Barimah Caleb , Tetteh Emmanuel Batsa , Park Gisang , Yu Jong-Sung
Published: October 2021

Binder-free FeNiMoP synthesized by a simple two-step method shows interesting structural self-reconstruction and demonstrates remarkably high electrocatalytic overall water splitting performance in alkaline conditions.
Atomistic simulation of volumetric properties of epoxy networks: effect of monomer length
Authors: Khare Ketan S. , Abrams Cameron F.
Published: October 2021

Cross-linked epoxy networks with varied monomer chain lengths are studied using atomistic simulations. Excellent quantitative agreement of volumetric properties from simulations and experiments is demonstrated.
Phase-junction engineering boosts the performance of CoSe2 for efficient sodium/potassium storage
Authors: Li Xiaofeng , Pan Du , Deng Jun , Wang Ran , Huang Jinzhen , Lü Weiming , Yao Tai , Wang Xianjie , Zhang Yumin , Xu Lingling , Bai Ying , Xu Ping , Song Bo
Published: October 2021

The phase-junction engineering of CoSe2 on SiC NWs boosts its performance for efficient sodium/potassium storage.
Double pH-sensitive nanotheranostics of polypeptide nanoparticle encapsulated BODIPY with both NIR activated fluorescence and enhanced photodynamic therapy
Authors: Dang Huiping , Cheng Quan , Tian Youliang , Teng Changchang , Xie Kai , Yan Lifeng
Published: October 2021

The dimethylamino functional group has been introduced into BODIPY dye and its polypeptide nanoparticles have been synthesized that showed enhanced NIR-imaging photodynamic therapy.
High performance DUV-visible 4H-SiC-based multilayered SnS2 dual-mode photodetectors
Authors: Yue Qian , Gao Wei , Wen Peiting , Chen Quan , Yang Mengmeng , Zheng Zhaoqiang , Luo Dongxiang , Huo Nengjie , Zhang Feng , Li Jingbo
Published: October 2021

Enhanced photocurrent density (0.1 μA μm−2), higher responsivity (>104 A W−1) and faster response time under 325 nm laser can be achieved by our fabricated SnS2/SiC photodetector towards a SiO2 sample.
Timing is everything: the genetics of flowering time in Cannabis sativa
Authors: Dowling Caroline A. , Melzer Rainer , Schilling Susanne
Published: October 2021

Cannabis sativa is well known for its production of psychoactive chemicals and medicinal products, but it also has huge potential to be a multipurpose crop. Cultivated for biofuel, building materials and textiles, Cannabis has a high carbon sequestration rate and is bound to be a key player in future sustainable agriculture. The distinct applications of Cannabis are directly or indirectly connected to flowering and require different flowering time phenotypes. As an annual short-day plant, Cannabis usually flowers in autumn when days get shorter after an initial vegetative growth period. However, differences in latitude, temperature and other environmental factors require the development of new Cannabis cultivars adapted to local climatic conditions. As such, a comprehensive understanding of the physiological and genetic basis of flowering time is crucial to integrating Cannabis into modern agriculture, benefiting global sustainability efforts.
Hyperpigmentierung am Bein – Differenzialdiagnosen und Therapieoptionen
Authors: Fischer Laura
Published: October 2021

Eine Hyperpigmentierung am Bein kommt häufig vor. Es gibt jedoch keine einzelne ursächliche Diagnose. Eine Hyperpigmentierung am Bein kann ein Symptom einer zugrunde liegenden onkologischen, dermatologischen, endokrinologischen und/oder phlebologischen Erkrankung sein. Es ist ein Symptom für eine Vielzahl von Krankheiten, von chronischer Veneninsuffizienz über die kutane Angiitis bis hin zu Erythema gyratum repens.

Dieser Artikel soll Ihnen einen Einblick in einige der möglichen Differenzialdiagnosen geben.
Der Schmerz der Leber ist die Müdigkeit
Authors: Linnenbrügger Petra
Published: October 2021

Ist die Leber überlastet, zeigt sich das meist erst in fortgeschrittenen Stadien anhand von Laborwerten – Symptome wie Müdigkeit können bereits früher Hinweise geben. In der naturheilkundlichen Anamnese und Diagnostik können zur Ermittlung von Leberbelastungen beispielsweise ein emotional lebhaftes Gemüt und eine Urinfunktionsdiagnostik Hinweise geben. Bei der naturheilkundlichen Behandlung von Leberbelastungen können unter anderem Leberwickel mit Aromaölen, phytotherapeutische Ansätze und/oder spagyrische Mittel zur Anwendung kommen.
Differenzialdiagnostik Müdigkeit
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: October 2021

In zwei Dritteln der Fälle hat Müdigkeit mit Krankheitswert psychische Ursachen wie Depression, Angststörungen oder somatoforme Störungen. Zu klären ist unter anderem, ob die Müdigkeit Folge einer Schlafstörung ist und ob sie durch eine entsprechende Therapie, zum Beispiel verbesserte Schlafhygiene, behoben werden kann. Organisch ist die ganze Bandbreite von möglichen Ursachen zu eruieren, unter anderem kardiopulmonale Erkrankungen, Diabetes mellitus, Malassimilationssyndrome und rheumatoide Arthritis.
Tachykarde Rhythmusstörungen bei EMAH – Aspekte der katheterinterventionellen Therapie
Authors: Nürnberg Jan-Hendrik , Siebels Jürgen , Hebe Joachim
Published: October 2021

Tachykarde Rhythmusstörungen bei Erwachsenen mit angeborenem Herzfehler (EMAH) haben
großen Einfluss auf Morbidität und Letalität dieser Patientengruppe. Sie basieren in der
Mehrzahl auf erworbenen Substraten, die eine typische Langzeitfolge des angeborenen
Herzfehlers (AHF) insbesondere nach herzchirurgischen Eingriffen darstellen. Antiarrhythmika
können akut effektiv eingesetzt werden, sind aber als langfristige Behandlungsstrategie meist
wenig verlässlich zur Unterdrückung von Tachykardierezidiven. Zusätzlich können
Kontraindikationen bestehen bei eingeschränkter Ventrikelfunktion, hämodynamischen
Rest-Fehlbelastungen, bradykardem Grundrhythmus sowie Arzneimittelnebenwirkungen. Vor diesem
Hintergrund hat sich die katheterinterventionelle Ablationsbehandlung in den beiden letzten
Jahrzehnten als Therapie der Wahl für die Mehrheit der Tachykardieformen bei EMAH mit
zunehmend hohen Erfolgs- und niedrigen Komplikationsquoten etabliert.
Combined Replacement of Aortic Valve and Ascending Aorta—A 70-Year Evolution of Surgical Techniques
Authors: Vendramin Igor , Bortolotti Uberto , De Manna Davide Nunzio , Lechiancole Andrea , Sponga Sandro , Livi Ugolino
Published: October 2021

Simultaneous replacement of the ascending aorta and aortic valve has always been a challenging procedure. Introduction of composite conduits, through various ingenious procedures and their modifications, has changed the outlook of patients with aortic valve disease and ascending aorta pathology. In the past 70 years, progress of surgical techniques and prosthetic materials has allowed such patients to undergo radical procedures providing excellent early and long-term results in both young and elderly patients. This article aims to review the most important technical advances in the treatment of aortic valve disease and ascending aorta aneurysms recognizing the important contributions in this field.
A Case Report of Ortner's Syndrome, Cardiovocal Hoarseness—An Infrequent Entity in the Contemporary World
Authors: Pranathi Koppolu
Published: October 2021

Rheumatic fever (RF) and rheumatic valvular disease remain prevalent and are still significant health hazards in developing nations. Hoarseness of voice, although a common symptom in ENT, is a rare finding in cardiac patients. However, hoarseness of voice due to recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis is an infrequent finding secondary to mitral stenosis. This case illustrates an unusual presentation of rheumatic heart disease (RHD) in young women. This case report highlights the importance of early reporting and diagnosis of RHD-RF, being very prevalent in developing nations and yet neglected.
Trapped ion fluorescence detection at room temperature enhances quantum scalability
Authors: Ikenson Ben
Published: October 2021

Study promises advances in ion detection capacity, portability for quantum technology devices
Thrust tests further potential propulsion sources for small satellites
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara
Published: October 2021

DC magnetron sputtering creates thrust power and potential as a small satellite propulsion source.
A method for void fraction measurement of bubble/slug flow in small channels based on contactless impedance detection
Authors: Huang Junchao , Guo Ziwei , Tang Xiao-Yu , Ji Haifeng , Wang Baoliang , Huang Zhiyao
Published: October 2021

The flow parameter measurement of the gas–liquid two-phase flow in small channels is very crucial and challenging in both academia and industry. Conventional techniques based on radiations, optics, acoustics, or electrics most lose their superiorities in the scenario with small channels due to the spatial limitation and the online and contactless measurement requirements. In addition, the conductive characteristic of the two-phase flow is equivalent to an impedance rather than a resistance due to the existence of multi-phases. The equivalent impedance information of the two-phase flow, especially the imaginary part, is promising to provide more flowing details but has seldom been detected or analyzed. In this paper, a method for the void fraction measurement of bubble/slug flow in small channels is proposed. The method implements void fraction measurement in a contactless way, based on the acquisition of the total impedance information of the gas–liquid two-phase flow. First, a new contactless impedance detection sensor is designed, based on the simulated inductor technique and the analog phase sensitive demodulation technique, to obtain the complete equivalent impedance information of the two-phase fluid. Then, based on the flow pattern identification result, the void fraction measurement model is developed, which is a fusion of the relationships between the void fraction and the real part/the imaginary part of the equivalent impedance information, respectively. Experimental results on prototypes with different inner diameters (2.48, 3.64, and 4.52 mm, respectively) validate the effectiveness of the proposed void fraction method. The maximum void fraction measurement biases are within 5.0%.
Design of topological elastic waveguides
Authors: Miniaci M. , Pal R. K.
Published: October 2021

Topological physics is emerging as an active area of research, addressing fundamental questions on how geometry, symmetry, and topology affect physical properties, paving the way toward novel technological applications. Originally investigated in quantum systems, these concepts have been thereafter translated across diverse domains including, electromagnetic, plasmonic, elastic, and acoustic waves. Specifically, in elasticity, due to the strong tendency to hybridize of wave modes with different polarization, topological protection is viewed as a revolutionizing approach to design waveguides supporting unique features such as (i) being immune to defects and (ii) suppressing backscattering during the wave propagation phenomenon. These novel features arise as a consequence of their dispersion surface topology. This Tutorial aims to introduce the theoretical, numerical, and experimental frameworks to investigate topological elastic waveguides, discussing the key ideas, first, in the context of discrete systems, and then, in continuous elastic solids. After a comprehensive description of the currently used state of the art scientific techniques, various classes of topological wave phenomena leading to localized waves in elastic architected plates and beams are presented. Implications of the presence of both longitudinal and shear waves in elastic solids are discussed, and the associated challenges, opportunities, and strategies to exploit their interplay highlighted. The symmetry conditions required to induce them are discussed using a number of representative examples. Finally, future research directions of this fledgling field are outlined.
Phase boundary and temperature driven enhanced piezoelectric and electrostrictive strain in (1−2x) Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3-xBaTiO3-xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 solid solution
Authors: Duraisamy Dhayanithi , Kuruvila Krupa Maria , Venkatesan Giridharan Nambi
Published: October 2021

Bismuth-based piezoelectric ceramics are presently of immense interest to researchers as they are believed to be Pb-free alternatives to well-known lead zirconate titanate-based piezoceramics. Herein, the author reports a lead-free ternary solid solution (1−2x)Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3-xBaTiO3-xBa0.7Ca0.3TiO3 (x = 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07, and 0.09: BNT-BT-BCT) synthesized through a standard solid state reaction route. All the samples crystallized to a complete perovskite structure studied through the powder x-ray diffraction analysis. Rietveld analysis of x-ray diffraction data revealed a structural transformation from monoclinic (Cc) to tetragonal phase (p4mm) with the co-existence of monoclinic (Cc) and tetragonal (p4mm) phases in the samples of x ≥ 0.03. The temperature-dependent dielectric analysis of (x = 0.03 and x = 0.05) systems suggests relaxor characteristics near ferroelectric–antiferroelectric phase transition temperature (Td). A changeover from relaxor to a near normal ferroelectric character was realized for x ≥ 0.07. Furthermore, the existence of polar nano-regions (PNRs) was studied through HR-TEM. Interestingly, a low electric field (±25 kV/cm) driven enhanced piezoelectric [(with 0.22% of strain; Smax/Emax = 850 pm/V for x = 0.03) and (with 0.17% strain and Smax/Emax of 714 pm/V for x = 0.07)] and an electrostrictive [with 0.20% of strain; Smax/Emax = 820 pm/V for x = 0.05] was achieved around Td. This can be attributed to the combined effects of phase boundary, ferroelectric–antiferroelectric transition, and the existence of PNRs.
High-level coupled-cluster energetics by merging moment expansions with selected configuration interaction
Authors: Gururangan Karthik , Deustua J. Emiliano , Shen Jun , Piecuch Piotr
Published: October 2021

Inspired by our earlier semi-stochastic work aimed at converging high-level coupled-cluster (CC) energetics [J. E. Deustua, J. Shen, and P. Piecuch, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119, 223003 (2017) and J. E. Deustua, J. Shen, and P. Piecuch, J. Chem. Phys. 154, 124103 (2021)], we propose a novel form of the CC(P; Q) theory in which the stochastic Quantum Monte Carlo propagations, used to identify dominant higher-than-doubly excited determinants, are replaced by the selected configuration interaction (CI) approach using the perturbative selection made iteratively (CIPSI) algorithm. The advantages of the resulting CIPSI-driven CC(P; Q) methodology are illustrated by a few molecular examples, including the dissociation of F2 and the automerization of cyclobutadiene, where we recover the electronic energies corresponding to the CC calculations with a full treatment of singles, doubles, and triples based on the information extracted from compact CI wave functions originating from relatively inexpensive Hamiltonian diagonalizations.
Activation free energy gradient controls interfacial mobility gradient in thin polymer films
Authors: Zhang Wengang , Starr Francis W. , Douglas Jack F.
Published: October 2021

We examine the mobility gradient in the interfacial region of substrate-supported polymer films using molecular dynamics simulations and interpret these gradients within the string model of glass-formation. No large gradients in the extent of collective motion exist in these simulated films, and an analysis of the mobility gradient on a layer-by-layer basis indicates that the string model provides a quantitative description of the relaxation time gradient. Consequently, the string model indicates that the interfacial mobility gradient derives mainly from a gradient in the high-temperature activation enthalpy ΔH0 and entropy ΔS0 as a function of depth z, an effect that exists even in the high-temperature Arrhenius relaxation regime far above the glass transition temperature. To gain insight into the interfacial mobility gradient, we examined various material properties suggested previously to influence ΔH0 in condensed materials, including density, potential and cohesive energy density, and a local measure of stiffness or u2(z)−3/2, where u2(z) is the average mean squared particle displacement at a caging time (on the order of a ps). We find that changes in local stiffness best correlate with changes in ΔH0(z) and that ΔS0(z) also contributes significantly to the interfacial mobility gradient, so it must not be neglected.
Tracking the vortex motion by using Brownian fluid particles
Authors: Qian Zhongmin , Qiu Youchun , Zhang Yihuang
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we propose a simple yet powerful vortex method to numerically approximate the dynamics of an incompressible flow. The idea is to sample the distribution of the initial vortices of the fluid flow in question and then follow vortex dynamics along Taylor's Brownian fluid particles. The weak convergences of this approximation scheme are obtained for both two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) fluid flows, though only for small time in 3D case. Based on our method, the simulation results are quite attracting.
Intensity dependence of multiply charged atomic ions from argon clusters in moderate nanosecond laser fields
Authors: Yao Yuzhong , Zhang Jie , Pandey Rahul , Wu Di , Kong Wei , Xue Lan
Published: October 2021

We report the laser intensity dependence of multiply charged atomic ions (MCAIs) Arn+ with 2 ≤ n ≤ 8 from argon clusters in focused nanosecond laser fields at 532 nm. The laser field, in the range of 1011–1012 W/cm2, is insufficient for optical field ionization but is adequate for multiphoton ionization. The MCAI sections of the mass spectra for clusters containing 3700 and 26 000 atoms are dominated by Arn+ with 7 ≤ n ≤ 9, extending to Ar14+. While the distributions of the MCAIs remain largely constant throughout the intensity range of the laser, the abundance of Ar+ relative to the abundances of the MCAIs increases dramatically with increasing laser intensity. Consequently, exponential fittings of the yields result in a larger exponent for Ar+ than for MCAIs, and the exponents of MCAIs with 2 ≤ n ≤ 8 are similar, with only slight variations for different charge states. The width of the arrival time and, hence, the corresponding kinetic energy of Ar+ also increases with increasing laser intensities, while the width of the arrival time of MCAIs remains constant throughout the range of measurements. These results call for more detailed theoretical investigations in this regime of laser–matter interactions.
Wall-attached structures over a traveling wavy boundary: Scalar transport
Authors: Wang Li-Hao , Ma Guo-Zhen , Xu Chun-Xiao , Sung Hyung Jin , Huang Wei-Xi
Published: October 2021

The wall-attached structures of scalar fluctuations over a traveling wavy boundary are investigated using large eddy simulations (LESs) at a moderate Reynolds number (Reτ≈1000) and various Prandtl numbers (Pr=0.2, 0.7, 1, and 2). The wave slope is ak=0.1, where a is the wave amplitude and k is the wavenumber. The prescribed wave age is c/u*=2, where c is the wave phase speed and u* is the friction velocity. For comparison, the results of an LES over a smooth wall are also discussed. The results provide evidence for the presence of self-similar wall-attached structures of scalar fluctuations in both turbulent flow over a traveling wavy boundary and that over a smooth wall. In particular, the population density of the attached structures exhibits an inverse power-law distribution, reminiscent of a hierarchy of attached structures. The conditionally averaged scalar variance reconstructed from the superposition of attached structures has a near-wall peak and a logarithmic variation in the log region. The magnitude of this peak varies logarithmically with the hierarchical length scale, and the variation slope decreases with increase in the Prandtl number. In addition, the correlations between the attached structures and vertical scalar transport are examined by direct observation of instantaneous snapshots. The ejection event of the fluid leads the negative wall-attached structures to contribute positive vertical scalar flux and the positive wall-attached structures to contribute negative vertical scalar flux.
Enhancing the thermal responsivity of microelectromechanical system beam resonators by preloading a critical buckling strain
Authors: Qiu Boqi , Zhang Ya , Nagai Naomi , Hirakawa Kazuhiko
Published: October 2021

We demonstrate dramatic enhancement in thermal responsivities of doubly clamped microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) beam resonators by introducing a prescribed amount of compressive strain to the beam. As a compressive strain in the MEMS beam is increased, the beam eventually becomes buckled. At the critical buckling point, the MEMS beam is expected to exhibit an enhanced thermal responsivity. We have realized such a critical buckling condition by carefully varying the length of the strained In0.004Ga0.996As beam grown on a GaAs substrate. At the critical buckling point, the responsivity is found to be 16 times higher than that of the unstrained beam resonators of the same length. This scheme provides a route to circumvent the trade-off between detection speeds and responsivities and achieve higher responsivities without deteriorating the detection speed.
The relaxation behavior of supercooled and glassy imidacloprid
Authors: Mansuri A. , Münzner P. , Feuerbach T. , Vermeer A. W. P. , Hoheisel W. , Böhmer R. , Thommes M. , Gainaru C.
Published: October 2021

Employing dielectric spectroscopy, oscillatory shear rheology, and calorimetry, the present work explores the molecular dynamics of the widely used insecticide imidacloprid above and below its glass transition temperature. In its supercooled liquid regime, the applied techniques yield good agreement regarding the characteristic structural (alpha) relaxation times of this material. In addition, the generalized Gemant–DiMarzio–Bishop model provides a good conversion between the frequency-dependent dielectric and shear mechanical responses in its viscous state, allowing for an assessment of imidacloprid’s molecular hydrodynamic radius. In order to characterize the molecular dynamics in its glassy regime, we employ several approaches. These include the application of frequency–temperature superposition (FTS) to its isostructural dielectric and rheological responses as well as use of dielectric and calorimetric physical aging and the Adam–Gibbs–Vogel model. While the latter approach and dielectric FTS provide relaxation times that are close to each other, the other methods predict notably longer times that are closer to those reflecting a complete recovery of ergodicity. This seemingly conflicting dissimilarity demonstrates that the molecular dynamics of glassy imidacloprid strongly depends on its thermal history, with high relevance for the use of this insecticide as an active ingredient in technological applications.
Magneto-electric coupled ordered PMN-PT/NiFe2O4 composite nanostructures
Authors: Ahlawat Anju , Roth Robert , Rata Diana , Dorr Kathrin , Khan Azam Ali , Deshmukh Pratik , Shirolkar Mandar M. , Satapathy S. , Choudhary R. J. , Phase D. M.
Published: October 2021

In this work, a well-ordered array of multiferroic magnetoelectric (ME) dot-like nanostructures of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.65–[PbTiO3]0.35 (PMN-PT)/NiFe2O4 is explored for high density and low power consuming memory devices. Ordered arrays of ferromagnetic NiFe2O4 nanodots underneath a ferroelectric PMN-PT layer were fabricated using silicon nitride based stencil masks and pulsed laser deposition techniques. The piezo-response and magnetic force microscopy (PFM) measurements reveal coexistence of magnetic and ferroelectric domains in PMN-PT/NiFe2O4 films at room temperature. The ferroelectric polarization can be switched with the electrically biased PFM tip. The ME coupling is evident in the PMN-PT/NiFe2O4 films, which is attributed to the transfer of the elastic strain from PMN-PT to NiFe2O4. The PMN-PT/NiFe2O4 nanodot films exhibit enhanced ME coupling coefficient (α) as compared to continuous bilayer PMN-PT/NiFe2O4 films, owing to the superior strain transfer efficiency in nanodot heterostructures. The nanodot films demonstrate electric-field controlled nonvolatile switching of α, which can be used to store binary information in memory devices, holding all the advantages of ferroelectric random access memory but overcoming the major disadvantage of destructive reading of polarization. The results reveal a versatile approach for fabrication of well-ordered nanodot arrays for low power consuming, high-density ME device applications.
Qualitative experiences of primary health care and social care professionals with refugee-like migrants and former quota refugees in New Zealand
Authors: Kennedy Jonathan , Kim Helen , Moran Serena , McKinlay Eileen
Published: October 2021

Former quota refugees are known to have higher health and social care needs than the general population in resettlement countries. However, migrants with a refugee-like background (refugee-like migrants) in New Zealand are not currently offered systematic government-sponsored induction or health services. This study explored the experiences of New Zealand health and social care providers in general practice. Staff at two Wellington region general practices with known populations of refugee-like migrants and former quota refugees were approached to participate in an exploratory qualitative study. Semistructured audio-recorded interviews and focus groups were undertaken. Deductive and inductive analyses were used to identify key themes. Twelve interviews were undertaken with professionals with backgrounds in clinical pharmacy, cross-cultural work, general practice medicine, primary care nursing, reception and social work. Key themes from the interviews were communication challenges, organisational structure and teamwork, considerations to best meet core health and support needs, and the value of contextual knowledge. Healthcare workers perceived many similarities between working with refugee-like migrants and working with former quota refugees. Even though communication challenges were addressed, there were still barriers affecting the delivery of core health and support services. Primary care practices should focus on organisational structure to provide high-quality, contextually informed, interprofessional team-based health and social care.
Nurturing the egg: the essential connection between cumulus cells and the oocyte
Authors: Robert Claude
Published: October 2021

The determinants of oocyte quality remain uncertain. Under suitable conditions, which have yet to be defined, the gamete grows and acquires the competence to resume meiosis, be fertilised and undergo embryonic development at least beyond genome activation, after which the blastomere is autonomous enough to adapt to the specificity of its environment. This review describes the central role played by the oocyte in reproductive success and how communication between cumulus cells and the oocyte are essential to proper oogenesis and the quality of the resulting gamete. While most attempts to improve oocyte quality have been directed at gonadotrophin-based systemic endocrine signalling, it is proposed that parallel control of fertility may act locally within ovarian follicles through intimate cooperation between somatic cells and the oocyte via the network of transzonal projections. This intercellular communication may prove to be more sensitive to environmental conditions than systemic endocrine signalling, which is essential for many non-reproductive tissues.