bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Building effective student project teams: what has problem-solving styles got to do with it?
Authors: Alegbeleye I. Dami , Friedel Curtis R.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine if team composition based on adaption-innovation (A-I) problem-solving styles is related to the teamwork quality and team effectiveness (TE) of student project teams participating in a [state-gifted program (SGP)].

Design/methodology/approach

A correlational design was conducted with a sample of 72 (SGP) participants, consisting of 15 project teams (n = 15), which formed three groups: (1) the homogeneous adaptive group, which consists of five homogeneous adaptive teams (n = 5); (2) the homogeneous innovative group, which consists of five homogeneous innovative teams (n = 5), and (3) the heterogeneous group (i.e. a mix of innovative and adaptive individuals), which consists of five heterogeneous teams (n = 5).

Findings

A one-way ANOVA and post-hoc test revealed that team composition based on problem-solving styles is related to teamwork quality and TE. Regarding TE, both homogeneous groups (i.e. all adaptive or all innovative individuals) were more effective than the heterogeneous group. However, regarding teamwork quality, only the adaptive group had significantly higher teamwork quality than the heterogeneous group.

Practical implications

We recommend that leadership educators utilize Kirton’s adaption-innovation inventory (KAI) as a tool for building effective student project teams. KAI can be used by leadership educators in two major ways: to assign students to groups (as done in the current study) or for team building, where team members share their KAI scores to better understand their problem-solving preferences.

Originality/value

The findings add to the literature by specifying the type of homogeneous groups (i.e. homogeneous adaptive), which may offer an advantage over heterogeneous groups regarding teamwork quality.
Does litigation contingency disclosure in corporate filings matter? Evidence from securities class action lawsuits
Authors: DeVides Zhanel , Hwang Hyoseok (David)
Published: September 2024

Purpose

We investigate the information content of legal contingency disclosures in corporate filings, specifically their usefulness in predicting settlement amounts and mitigation of market response to litigation resolution news.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a hand-collected sample of disclosures for settled US securities class action lawsuits, we analyze the contents of the contingent liabilities disclosure before future settlements and classify them into two categories: “pessimistic” and “optimistic” disclosures. We examine whether the tone of disclosure is associated with litigation outcomes, such as settlement amounts and likelihood of incurring material losses, and its effect on market reaction to settlement announcements.

Findings

Disclosures with optimistic views on lawsuits are settled for lower amounts, whereas those with more pessimistic views result in higher settlements. Furthermore, while, on average, investors react negatively to litigation resolutions, the market reaction is attenuated (exacerbated) when a prior legal liability disclosure was pessimistic (optimistic). Additionally, investors value disclosure consistency when a litigation outcome is aligned with its legal contingency disclosure. Finally, disclosure consistency is positively associated with managerial ownership as well as the largest shareholder ownership.

Originality/value

This study highlights that the overall tone in legal contingency disclosures is informative and has valuation implications for capital markets. It also highlights the benefits of consistent disclosure, i.e. litigation disclosure aligned with litigation outcomes, as it is viewed positively by investors.
Advancing doctoral student professional development through a strengths-based cohort program
Authors: Ferguson Connor L. , Lockman Julie A.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Strengths-based professional development has been associated with positive outcomes in academia and in the organizational workplace. Students pursuing their doctoral degrees in the biomedical sciences in the US are often on graduate assistantships, where they experience an academic component to their training integrated with an employee-like existence. The individual who serves as their academic and research advisor is often their supervisor, who pays their stipend. The traditional training structure poses unique challenges and may be accompanied by stress, burnout and imposter phenomenon. The purpose of this study is to utilize a strengths-based approach to equip students with essential personal and professional skills that build self-awareness and self-confidence further preparing them for their future in the scientific workforce.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors developed and implemented a novel strengths-based professional development cohort program for doctoral students in the biomedical sciences at a research-intensive (R1) institution. The program was designed to create a supportive and inclusive space for participants (n = 18) to explore their identity as a student and scientists and to develop and leverage their talents for more effective and strategic use. Program outcomes were evaluated through a mixed methods case study design using a post-program Likert-based survey (n = 10 participants) and participant interviews (n = 13). Explanatory sequential design was used in the interpretation of the findings.

Findings

The results show that the program had a positive impact on students’ perceptions of themselves as scientists, as well as on their self-efficacy, self-confidence and interpersonal interactions in the research setting.

Practical implications

This strengths-based professional development program demonstrates immense potential as a model to equip students with self-awareness and a new foundation of essential skills needed to supplement their technical and scientific training for their future careers in the team-based workplace.

Originality/value

This study demonstrates how professional development programming can complement scientific training by equipping students with self-awareness and other lifelong skills to navigate feelings of imposter phenomenon and interpersonal relationships in the team-based workplace.
Detecting context dependence in the expression of life history trade‐offs
Authors: Bliard Louis , Martin Jordan S. , Paniw Maria , Blumstein Daniel T. , Martin Julien G. A. , Pemberton Josephine M. , Nussey Daniel H. , Childs Dylan Z. , Ozgul Arpat
Published: September 2024

Life history trade‐offs are one of the central tenets of evolutionary demography. Trade‐offs, depicting negative covariances between individuals' life history traits, can arise from genetic constraints, or from a finite amount of resources that each individual has to allocate in a zero‐sum game between somatic and reproductive functions. While theory predicts that trade‐offs are ubiquitous, empirical studies have often failed to detect such negative covariances in wild populations.

One way to improve the detection of trade‐offs is by accounting for the environmental context, as trade‐off expression may depend on environmental conditions. However, current methodologies usually search for fixed covariances between traits, thereby ignoring their context dependence.

Here, we present a hierarchical multivariate ‘covariance reaction norm’ model, adapted from Martin (2023), to help detect context dependence in the expression of life‐history trade‐offs using demographic data. The method allows continuous variation in the phenotypic correlation between traits. We validate the model on simulated data for both intraindividual and intergenerational trade‐offs.

We then apply it to empirical datasets of yellow‐bellied marmots (Marmota flaviventer) and Soay sheep (Ovis aries) as a proof‐of‐concept showing that new insights can be gained by applying our methodology, such as detecting trade‐offs only in specific environments.

We discuss its potential for application to many of the existing long‐term demographic datasets and how it could improve our understanding of trade‐off expression in particular, and life history theory in general.
Consumers’ familiarity with wine increased their acceptance of pasta sauce containing grape pomace
Authors: Moss Rachael , Stright Allison , Richelle Erin , Nicolle Lindsay , Baxter Laura , Frampton Kaitlyn , Gorman Mackenzie , McSweeney Matthew B.
Published: September 2024

Grape pomace (GP) is a waste product of the winemaking process and has been proposed as a nutritionally beneficial ingredient, as it contains phenolic compounds, dietary fiber, and antioxidant activity. It can be a polarizing ingredient due to its flavor components. Familiarity has been found to influence consumers’ preferences and sensory perception of food. A sensory test was conducted to evaluate the acceptance, sensory perception, and emotional response to pasta sauces containing GP (3% [3GP], 6% [6GP], 9% [9GP] by volume and control without GP addition). The sensory trials included wine consumers (n = 44) and nonconsumers of wine (n = 58) to determine how consumers’ familiarity with the flavor properties of GP influenced their perception of the pasta sauce. Overall, the addition of GP decreased the liking scores of the GP‐containing sauces, but the wine consumers’ hedonic scores for the control, 3GP, and 9GP were significantly higher than the nonconsumers. Both consumer groups identified that the samples with a higher amount of GP addition were associated with sour, bitter, astringency, grainy, and gritty attributes. However, the wine consumers used more positive emotions to describe their emotional response to the GP‐containing samples. The study identified that GP led to off‐flavors and textures in the pasta sauces.

Practical Application

GP is currently a waste product, but it has many nutritional benefits. Consumers are increasingly looking for nutritional benefits from their food. When incorporated into pasta sauces, GP decreased the acceptance of the pasta sauce and negatively impacted the flavor and texture. Familiarity has been found to impact consumer acceptance, and wine consumers had a more positive emotional response and higher hedonic scores in response to the GP‐containing pasta sauce than nonconsumers of wine.
Aqueous ozone effects on wheat gluten: Yield, structure, and rheology
Authors: Fan Xiangqi , Jiang Jiarui , Wang Jing , Liu Chong , Shang Jiaying , Zheng Xueling
Published: September 2024

This study investigates the impact of aqueous ozone (AO) on the yield, molecular structure, and rheological properties of wheat gluten separated using the batter procedure. Employing strong gluten flour (SGF) and weak gluten flour (WGF), we demonstrate that AO pretreatment significantly enhances the yield and purity of separated starch and gluten. Surface hydrophobicity, free sulfhydryl groups, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman, and size exclusion‐high‐performance liquid chromatography (SE‐HPLC) analyses were used to evaluate the effects of AO on the molecular structure of gluten. Our analysis reveals that low concentrations of AO induce specific modifications in gluten proteins. AO treatment increases cross‐linking in glutenin macropolymer (GMP), reduces surface hydrophobicity, and stabilizes secondary and tertiary structures. These changes include an increase in β‐sheet content by approximately 9% and a corresponding decrease in β‐turn structures, leading to enhanced viscoelastic properties of the gluten. The research highlights AO's potential as a sustainable and efficient agent in wheat flour processing, offering advancements in both product quality and eco‐friendly processing techniques. Future research should optimize AO treatment parameters and explore its effects on different cereal types further to enhance its applicability and benefits in food processing.

Practical Application

Our work substantially advances the existing knowledge on wheat flour processing by demonstrating the multifaceted benefits of AO pretreatment. We unveil significant improvements in the yield and purity of starch and gluten when compared to conventional separation methods. Moreover, our in‐depth analysis of molecular changes induced by AO, including increased cross‐linking, alterations in surface hydrophobicity, and modifications in glutenin macropolymer content, provides new insights into how AO affects the viscoelastic properties of gluten. This contribution is pivotal for the development of more efficient, sustainable, and eco‐friendly wheat flour processing technologies.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis of metabolites in finger millet and Bambara groundnut as affected by traditional and novel food processing
Authors: Mudau Masala , Chinma Chiemela Enyinnaya , Ledbetter Moira , Wilkin Jon , Adebo Oluwafemi Ayodeji
Published: September 2024

Metabolite profiling is an analytical technique used to assess metabolites in complex biological samples. This technique allows for the identification of both targeted and untargeted metabolites. In this study, the effect of traditional (fermentation and malting) and novel processing (ultrasonication) on the metabolites of finger millet (FM) and Bambara groundnut (BGN) flour was investigated using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Various metabolite classes, including amino acids, alcohol, aldehyde, organic acid, ester, fatty acids, glycoside, and sugar, were identified in FM and BGN flours. The adopted processing techniques impacted metabolite composition, as evidenced by substantial variations in volatile compound levels and metabolite composition among the FM and BGN samples before and after traditional and novel processing. Important health‐promoting compounds, such as oleic acid, linoelaidic acid, and linoleic acid, were identified at their highest levels in fermented FM and BGN flours. The results obtained from this study offer an important context for monitoring and regulating the metabolite composition of FM and BGN flours under traditional and novel processing.

Practical Application

Fermentation, malting, and ultrasonication induced desirable changes in some health‐promoting compounds of finger millet and Bambara groundnut flours. The food and pharmaceutical industries could benefit from these traditional‐ and novel‐modified flours as they could be used as improved food sources with health benefits.
Who is afraid of modelling time as a continuous variable?
Authors: Kokko Hanna
Published: September 2024

Most models of ecological and eco‐evolutionary processes involve creating trajectories of something, be it population densities, average trait values, or environmental states, over time. This requires decision‐making regarding how to represent the flow of time in models. Most ecologists are exposed to continuous‐time models (typically in the form of ordinary differential equations) as part of their training, especially since the famous Lotka‐Volterra predator–prey dynamics are formulated this way. However, few appear sufficiently well trained to produce their own work with continuous‐time models and may lack exposure to the true versatility of available methods. Specifically, knowledge that discrete individuals can be modelled in continuous time using the Gillespie algorithm is not as widespread as it should be.

I will illustrate the flexibility of continous‐time modelling methods such that researchers can make informed choices, and not resort to discretizing time as a ‘default’ without a clear biological motivation to do so. I provide three example‐based tutorials: (1) a comparison of deterministic and stochastic dynamics of the Lotka‐Volterra predator–prey model, (2) an evaluation of matelessness in a hypothetical insect population (and of selection to mate more often by either searching more efficiently or by shortening the ‘time out’ after each mating) and (3) within‐season density dependence followed by a birth pulse leading to Beverton‐Holt or Ricker dynamics depending on whether the deaths of conspecifics help reduce the mortality of others or not (compensatory mortality).

I highlight properties of the exponential distribution that, while counter‐intuitive, are good to know when deriving expected lifetime reproductive success or other similar quantities. I also give guidance on how to proceed if the so‐called memorylessness assumption does not hold in a given situation, and show how continuous and discrete times can be freely mixed if the biological situation dictates this to be the preferred option.

Continuous‐time models can also be empirically fitted to data, and I review briefly the insight this gives into the so‐called ‘do hares eat lynx?’ paradox that has been plaguing the interpretation of the Hudson Bay hare and lynx dataset.
Successful retreatment of a maxillary central incisor with a wide‐open apex using MTA to fill the entire canal: 24‐year follow‐up
Authors: Saavedra Felipe Juan Domingo , Watson Molina Virginia Andrea , Bologna Escalona Anabell , Laplana Martínez Rafael , Areso Aitzol , Nagendrababu Venkateshbabu , Abella Sans Francesc
Published: September 2024

Managing teeth with open apices can be a challenging scenario for clinicians. This case report describes the 24‐year follow‐up of a maxillary central incisor that failed to develop after a traumatic injury resulting in a wide‐open apex. A 10‐year‐old girl presented complaining of discomfort in her upper teeth. Tooth #9 had received a traumatic blow several years before and was discoloured with a resin composite restoration on the mesio‐incisal edge. The tooth was painful to percussion and palpation. An inadequate root canal filling and incomplete root formation were observed on the initial periapical radiograph. Root canal retreatment was initiated, and the canal filled entirely with mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) because of the extremely wide canal and open apex. The patient was asymptomatic at the 24‐year follow‐up with the cone beam computed tomography and periapical radiographs demonstrating the stability of the MTA.
Editorial: Vibrating capsule for severe chronic idiopathic constipation—Severity lies in the eye of the beholder
Authors: Varma Sanskriti , Staller Kyle
Published: September 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Lembo et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.18198
‘Children say playing and adults say working’: Children negotiating regulations on digital media in a Swedish preschool
Authors: Lagerlöf Pernilla
Published: September 2024

In current societal debate, opinions on children's use of digital technologies are polarized. This study investigates situated negotiations in everyday interactions by analysing how preschool children talk about digital media in relation to regulations on digital media use. A childhood sociological perspective guides an understanding of how children's experiences with digital media are shaped by their perspectives and social contexts. The findings show the participants managing tensions between home and preschool, resisting adult terminology, contributing to group identity and challenging the preschool rules. By restricting children's media use through policies might lead educators to overlook valuable insights offered by children.
Patient and implant‐related risk factors for implant failure of one‐stage lateral sinus floor elevation: A 2‐ to 10‐year retrospective study
Authors: Fu Mengdie , Ye Yuer , Pu Rui , Zhu Danji , Yang Guoli , Jiang Zhiwei
Published: September 2024

Objectives

This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the early and late implant failure rates of one‐stage lateral sinus floor elevation (LSFE) and to identify the patient and implant‐related risk factors associated with these failures.

Materials and Methods

All patients treated with one‐stage LSFE from January 2014 to December 2021 were evaluated for inclusion. A total of 618 patients with 936 implants met the inclusion criteria. Clinical and radiographic information about patient and implants was collected. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards frailty regression models were performed to identify risk factors for early and late implant failure.

Results

The cumulative implant survival rate was 95.62% (95% CI 93.90%–97.68%), with 16 early implant failures and 25 late implant failures. The Cox analysis indicated that ≤3 mm residual bone height (RBH) was associated with a higher early failure rate. For late implant failure, smoking habit, ≤3 mm RBH, and certain implant brand were independent risk factors. Narrow sinus ostium, long infundibulum, and flat thickening of Schneiderian membrane might be non‐independent risk factors for late implant failure. No significance was found in other variables, including age, periodontitis history, implant characteristics (position, diameter, length, protrusion length, marginal bone loss), surgeon experience, healing time, opposing dentition, and prosthesis.

Conclusions

One‐stage LSFE is a predictable treatment for patients with atrophic maxilla. ≤3 mm RBH increased the risk of early implant failure, while smoking habit, ≤3 mm RBH, and certain implant brand were independent risk factors for late implant failure.
Effect of chromophore type on efficiency of reactive dye removal using polyamidoamine dendrimer
Authors: Atav Riza , Akkuş Eray , Çifçi Deniz İzlen , Ergünay Uğur , Güneş Yalçın , Güneş Elçin
Published: September 2024

In this study, by selecting a sample of dyes from a wide variety of chromophores used in the production of reactive dyes (monoazo, bisazo, metal azo, phthalocyanine, anthraquinone, copper formazan and triphendioxazine), the colour removal performance of polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimer in reactive dyes was statistically evaluated depending on the dye chromophore groups (and accordingly molecular weight and number of sulfo groups of the dye), dendrimer concentration and centrifugation time. When all the results were examined, it was observed that the colour removal efficiency was significantly lower in metalazo and copper formazan‐based reactive dyes, whereas colour removals ranging from 93% to 98% could be obtained in bisazo, triphendioxazine, monoazo, anthraquinone and phthalocyanine dyes. With the use of dendrimer, the best colour removal efficiencies occurred at pH 3. However, it was found that the centrifugation time of 15 min is sufficient for all dyes, and a longer centrifugation does not provide any additional benefit in terms of colour removal.
Explainable machine learning prediction of edema adverse events in patients treated with tepotinib
Authors: Amato Federico , Strotmann Rainer , Castello Roberto , Bruns Rolf , Ghori Vishal , Johne Andreas , Berghoff Karin , Venkatakrishnan Karthik , Terranova Nadia
Published: September 2024

Tepotinib is approved for the treatment of patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer harboring MET exon 14 skipping alterations. While edema is the most prevalent adverse event (AE) and a known class effect of MET inhibitors including tepotinib, there is still limited understanding about the factors contributing to its occurrence. Herein, we apply machine learning (ML)‐based approaches to predict the likelihood of occurrence of edema in patients undergoing tepotinib treatment, and to identify factors influencing its development over time. Data from 612 patients receiving tepotinib in five Phase I/II studies were modeled with two ML algorithms, Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting Trees, to predict edema AE incidence and severity. Probability calibration was applied to give a realistic estimation of the likelihood of edema AE. Best model was tested on follow‐up data and on data from clinical studies unused while training. Results showed high performances across all the tested settings, with F1 scores up to 0.961 when retraining the model with the most relevant covariates. The use of ML explainability methods identified serum albumin as the most informative longitudinal covariate, and higher age as associated with higher probabilities of more severe edema. The developed methodological framework enables the use of ML algorithms for analyzing clinical safety data and exploiting longitudinal information through various covariate engineering approaches. Probability calibration ensures the accurate estimation of the likelihood of the AE occurrence, while explainability tools can identify factors contributing to model predictions, hence supporting population and individual patient‐level interpretation.
Patterns and drivers in the functional diversity decomposition of invaded stream fish communities
Authors: Feng Kai , Takács Péter , Czeglédi István , Erős Tibor
Published: September 2024

Aim

The assembly of real‐world ecological communities in human‐modified landscapes is influenced by a complex interplay of spatial, temporal, environmental and invasion gradients. However, understanding the relative importance of these drivers and their interactions in shaping functional assembly remains elusive. Our study aimed to investigate the relative influence of these drivers on the functional assembly of a stream fish metacommunity.

Location

Streams of the Lake Balaton catchment, Hungary.

Methods

We analysed a long‐term (18‐year) dataset of the stream fish metacommunity, focusing on changes in functional diversity (Q), redundancy (R) and species dominance (D). Ternary diagrams were utilized to decompose functional diversity into Q, R and D components and to visualize diversity patterns. Linear mixed‐effect regression and separate structural equation models were employed to identify significant drivers of Q, R and D.

Results

Native fish communities exhibited low functional diversity (Q) but high redundancy (R) and dominance (D), indicating functional convergence and dominance. Stream habitat size, network position and associated spatial, physical and chemical gradients emerged as consistently significant drivers of D and R. Changes in Q were additionally linked to non‐native community properties and subtle shifts in land use and within‐stream habitat characteristics.

Main Conclusions

Our findings suggest that both environmental filtering and interspecies interactions, particularly trait similarity between invaders and natives shape functional assembly of stream fish metacommunities. Despite minimal temporal directional changes, environmental drivers predominantly influence long‐term diversity patterns of native fish communities, overshadowing invasion effects. Our findings underscore the importance of considering both environmental filtering mechanisms and interspecies interactions in understanding functional assembly. Additionally, the joint application of diversity decomposition frameworks with predictive modelling provides comprehensive insight into patterns of functional diversity and assembly across ecological communities.
Identification of genes contributing to attenuation of rat model of galactose‐induced cataract by pyruvate
Authors: Masuda Fuuga , Inami Mayumi , Takamura Yoshihiro , Inatani Masaru , Oki Masaya
Published: September 2024

Cataracts are a disease that reduces vision due to opacity formation of the lens. Diabetic cataracts occur at young age and progress relatively quickly, so the development of effective treatment has been awaited. Several studies have shown that pyruvate inhibits oxidative stress and glycation of lens proteins, which contribute to onset of diabetic cataracts. However, detailed molecular mechanisms have not been revealed. In this study, we attempted to reduce galactose‐induced opacity by pyruvate with rat ex vivo model. Rat lenses were extracted and cultured in galactose‐containing medium to induce lens opacity. After opacity had developed, continued culturing with pyruvate in the medium resulted in a reduction of lens opacity. Subsequently, we conducted microarray analysis to investigate the genes that contribute to the therapeutic effect. We performed quantitative expression measurements using RT‐qPCR for extracted genes that were upregulated in cataract‐induced lenses and downregulated in pyruvate‐treated lenses, resulting in the identification of 34 candidate genes. Functional analysis using the STRING database suggests that metallothionein‐related factors (Mt1a, Mt1m, and Mt2A) and epithelial‐mesenchymal transition‐related factors (Acta2, Anxa1, Cd81, Mki67, Timp1, and Tyms) contribute to the therapeutic effect of cataracts.
Coarse performance evaluation for envious agents
Authors: Ohashi Eiji
Published: September 2024

Information economics predicts that a principal will prefer a finer performance evaluation system to a coarser one. Nevertheless, coarse performance evaluation is often used in practice. To explain this seeming contradiction, I construct a model of a principal and envious agents. I show that a coarse evaluation system can do as well as a finer one if agents are sufficiently envious, that is, if they incur large utility loss when they are paid less than their peers. This result supports the use of coarse performance evaluation that aggregates signals of good performance, in the form of fixed wages or inflated ratings.
Holocene Climate Change Promoted Allopatric Divergence and Disjunct Geographic Distribution in a Bee Orchid Species
Authors: Gibert Anaïs , Buscail Roselyne , Baguette Michel , Fraïsse Christelle , Roux Camille , Schatz Bertrand , Bertrand Joris A. M.
Published: September 2024

Aim

Species with disjunct geographic distributions provide natural opportunities to investigate incipient or recent allopatric divergence. The combination of both genetic and ecological data may be fruitful to decipher the causes of such patterns: (i) actual vicariance, (ii) successful colonisation from one source to a new range (dispersal, biological introduction) or (iii) parallel convergent evolution.

Location

Southern France and Northern Spain.

Taxon

The bee orchid Ophrys aveyronensis (and its two recognised subspecies O. a. subsp. aveyronensis and O. a. subsp. vitorica) displays a disjunct geographic distribution with two subranges separated by 600 km on both sides of the Pyrenees mountain range.

Methods

As allopatric divergence is often complex to document in the wild, we used a combination of population genomics and ecological niche modelling (ENM) to investigate the causes of this intriguing biogeographic pattern.

Results

The population genomic data demonstrate that all the studied populations exhibit similar patterns of genetic diversity and dramatic decrease in effective size compared with the ancestral population. Significant genetic differentiation and reciprocal monophyly exist between populations of the two subranges of O. aveyronensis, despite a very recent divergence time as young as ca. 1500 generations ago. Moreover, paleo‐ENM analyses support that the disjunct geographic distribution of O. aveyronensis is consistent with a range split of a broad ancestral range, contraction and distinct longitudinal and latitudinal shifts in response to climate warming during the Holocene.

Main Conclusion

The congruence of the results obtained from both population genomics and ENM approaches documents how very recent continental allopatric divergence initiated speciation in this system. O. aveyronensis provides a promising opportunity to study the onset of reproductive isolation and parallel evolution following an initial stage of geographic separation in a group with high diversification rate.
Comparison of the Accuracy and Reliability of Instrumental Shade Selection Devices and Visual Shade Selection: An in Vitro Study
Authors: Kutkut N. , Jordi M. , Almalki A. , Conejo J. , Anadioti E. , Blatz M.
Published: September 2024

Objective

New shade‐matching devices are available for clinical use, but their accuracy and reliability have not been investigated. This in vitro study compared the accuracy and reliability of a shade‐matching colorimeter (Optishade), a spectrophotometer (VITA Easyshade V), and visual shade matching in simulated clinical conditions.

Material and Methods

Shade matching was conducted with two digital devices; (Optishade and Vita Easyshade) and the visual shade selection method, with a new 16‐tab Vita Classical shade guide. Shade tabs were placed within a gingival matrix and measurements were taken from the central area of each shade tab enclosed in a black box to simulate the oral cavity. Visual assessments were conducted independently by two examiners. For the reliability assessment, each shade tab was measured 20 times by each examiner. Accuracy was calculated as a percentage of the matching readings with the actual shade per each tab. Data were analyzed with the one‐way ANOVA test (α = 0.05) and Pairwise Comparison (Bonferroni Post hoc Test) to assess accuracy. The reliability evaluation was conducted by comparison between both examiners using mean and standard deviation; by a two‐tailed t‐test for the independent samples for all the three groups included in the study.

Result

The shade matching accuracy of Optishade was 97.50%, Vita Easyshade 89.38%, and visual method 62.19%. Statistically, high significant difference in accuracy (p < 0.001) was found when comparing both Optishade and VITA Easyshade with the visual method. Additionally, there was statistically significant difference in accuracy (p < 0.05) when Optishade was compared to Vita Easyshade. The reliability of the Optishade was 99.6% and Vita Easy shade was 99.38%. Statistically, showed no statistically significant difference in the reliability of shade match obtained within the same group when comparing the readings of Examiner 1 and Examiner 2 (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The colorimeter demonstrated the highest accuracy, followed by the spectrophotometer, and the visual shade selection method. Both digital methods investigated in this study showed comparable reliability.

Clinical Implication

The results of this study emphasize the clinical advantage of digital shade‐matching devices over visual shade‐matching. The colorimeter offers high accuracy for shade matching and should be considered to use for shade matching especially with restorations in the esthetic zone.
Oreonectes yuedongensis (Cypriniformes, Nemacheilidae), a new freshwater fish species from the Lianhua Mountains in eastern Guangdong, China
Authors: Lan Chang‐Ting , Luo Tao , Zhao Xin‐Rui , Yu Jing , Xiao Ning , Zhou Jiang
Published: September 2024

In this work, we describe a new species of the genus Oreonectes, Oreonectes yuedongensis sp. nov., collected from the Lianhua Mountains in eastern Guangdong, China. Phylogenetic trees constructed based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene showed that this new species represents an independent evolutionary lineage, with uncorrected genetic distances (Kimura 2‐parameter model) from congeners ranging from 5.1% to 8.3%. In addition, nuclear DNA analysis indicated O. yuedongensis as an independent lineage separate from its closely related species. Morphologically, the new species can be distinguished from other six species in the genus Oreonectes by a combination of serial characters. The description of this new species suggests that it is necessary to reassess the biodiversity of Oreonectes platycephalus as a complex, especially in the middle reaches of the Pearl River near the border between Guangdong and Guangxi. Morphological and genetic evidence supports O. yenlingi as a synonym of O. platycephalus.
Volumizing and Cogged Threads for Nose Augmentation
Authors: Wan Jovian , Park Youngjin , Park Soo Yeon , Yi Kyu‐Ho
Published: September 2024

Background

Nose augmentation using nonsurgical methods, including volumizing and cogged threads, has gained popularity due to its minimally invasive nature, shorter recovery times, and reduced risks compared to traditional rhinoplasty. However, there is limited literature on the use of these techniques in the Asian population.

Aims

This study aims to present two successful cases of nose augmentation using volumizing and cogged threads, providing evidence of their effectiveness and demonstrating the insertion techniques through a supplementary video.

Patients/Methods

Two female patients (aged 26 and 33) underwent nonsurgical nose augmentation. The first patient received volumizing threads to enhance nasal contour, while the second patient received cogged threads to refine the nasal tip and alar base. Both procedures were performed using polydioxanone (PDO) threads, with follow‐ups conducted to assess the outcomes.

Results

Both patients exhibited significant improvement in nasal contour and projection, with outcomes maintained for up to 8 months post‐procedure. The patients reported high satisfaction with the aesthetic results, and no complications were observed during the follow‐up period.

Conclusions

Volumizing and cogged threads offer a promising nonsurgical alternative for nose augmentation, particularly in patients seeking minimal invasiveness and natural‐looking results. While the initial outcomes are positive, further research is needed to evaluate the long‐term safety and effectiveness of these techniques, especially in the Asian demographic.
Low Genetic Variation Contrasts With Variable Morphotypes in Neoscytalidium dimidiatum From the Philippines and Their Aggressiveness to Dragon Fruit Species
Authors: Peja Reynaldo P. , Duka Ivan Marcelo A. , Manuel Ma. Carmina C. , Manalang Aprill P. , Balendres Mark Angelo O.
Published: September 2024

Neoscytalidium dimidiatum is an asexual, opportunistic and necrotrophic pathogen that causes the devastating stem canker disease of dragon fruit species (Selenicereus spp.). Despite this, information about its intraspecific diversity remains lacking. Examination of the morphological variations of 40 N. dimidiatum isolates hosted by S. megalanthus, S. monacanthus and S. undatus from eight allopatric regions in the Philippines detected three distinct morphotypes. Sequencing of three partial gene markers (ITS, ACT and TUB2) of representative isolates revealed low intraspecific genetic diversity of the pathogen from the three hosts. Phylogenetic analysis of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences of the isolates in this study and worldwide collections of the phytopathogen in the GenBank database infers similar founding populations and the possible specificity of the dragon fruit‐infecting N. dimidiatum. Pathogenicity and aggressiveness assay of the isolates on detached stems of dragon fruit did not detect host specificity to S. monacanthus and S. undatus. However, some isolates (i.g., MBDF0802A, MBDF0808B, MBDF0339A and MBDF0007A) significantly had shorter latent period to the stems of S. undatus than S. monacanthus. A higher aggressiveness component of lesion size development on S. undatus stems by isolates from S. monacanthus was recorded suggesting a possible directional selection of highly aggressive N. dimidiatum in this host. This is the first population study on the phenotypic traits and the genetic structure of N. dimidiatum. Valuable inputs for further study of the pathogen are provided, which may help inform the design of management options for stem canker disease of dragon fruit.
Efficacy of lifestyle interventions to treat pediatric obesity: A systematic review and multivariate meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Deng Yangyang , Manninen Mika , Hwang Yongju , Kim Taewoo , Yli‐Piipari Sami
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study was to provide a quantitative synthesis of the effects of randomized controlled pediatric lifestyle interventions in treating obesity among 11–17‐year‐old children. We conducted a systematic review and meta‐analysis on the randomized controlled trials, consisting of actual exercise training and nutrition education, published between January 2000 and August 2022. The initial search yielded 2598 articles, with eight articles meeting the inclusion criteria. The articles were analyzed using a multivariate random effects model. The primary outcome variables were body mass index (BMI), standardized BMI (BMIz), and waist circumference (WC). Our analyses showed that lifestyle interventions were efficacious in improving BMI (−1.77 kg/m2, 95% CI [−2.70, −0.83], p < 0.001), BMIz (−0.30, 95% CI [−0.45, −0.16], p < 0.001), and WC (−3.32 cm, 95% CI [−5.35, −1.29], p < 0.001) in children with overweight and obesity. In addition, moderation analyses suggested that the efficacy of the lifestyle interventions correlated positively with participants' weight status and was enhanced when an intervention was boosted with a longer intervention duration and higher frequency. In conclusion, the current evidence suggests that lifestyle interventions are efficacious in treating children with obesity. The available evidence further indicates that duration, frequency, along weight status, were moderating the effectiveness of these lifestyle interventions.
Management of isolated favourable compound mandibular fractures: A retrospective study of outpatient versus inpatient in a tertiary health institution
Authors: Anyanechi Charles Ezechukwu , Shetty Sameep
Published: September 2024

Background

Hospital admission is often a prerequisite for those who endure mandibular fractures, but disagreement arises among patients whose fractures are isolated and favourable.

Objectives

To determine the rate and types of complications between the two cohorts of patients categorized as outpatient and inpatient treatment groups, and also the effect of outpatient management after closed reduction and maxillomandibular fixation.

Materials and Methods

Clinical and demographic data were collected retrospectively about patients who were treated for isolated, favourable, compound mandibular fractures between 1998 and 2022 to explore whether outpatient management is an independent variable influencing post‐operative complications. Bivariate and descriptive statistics were computed.

Results

Six‐hundred and sixty‐four (664) patients were evaluated (n = 335 in the study group and n = 329 in the control). There was equitable distribution of subjects between the two groups investigated in relation to their sex, age, aetiology of fractures, sites of fracture and their combinations per subject including number of fractures and duration of injury before treatment. Unifocal fractures occurred in 40.7% of subjects while multifocal fractures were seen in 59.3% (p = 0.04). The overall complication rate was 11.7%, more prevalent in multifocal than unifocal fractures (p = 0.001). Conversely, the complication rates of outpatient and inpatient cases were 11.4% and 12.1%, respectively with no significant difference (p = 0.81).

Conclusions

There was no difference between outpatient and inpatient treatment groups. Outpatient management was not a risk factor affecting post‐operative isolated favourable mandible fracture complications, if demographic and clinical confounding variables affecting treatment outcomes were controlled.
Pollinator response to yellow UV‐patterned versus white UV‐patternless flower dimorphism in Anemone palmata
Authors: Rodríguez‐Castañeda N. L. , Buide M. L. , Arista M. , Narbona E. , Ortiz P. L.
Published: September 2024

Flower colour polymorphisms are uncommon but widespread among angiosperms and can be maintained by a variety of balancing selection mechanisms. Anemone palmata is mostly yellow‐flowered, but white‐flowered plants coexist in some populations.

We analysed the distribution of colour morphs of A. palmata across its range. We also characterised their colours and compared their vegetative and sexual reproductive traits, pollinator attention and fitness.

The range of A. palmata is limited to the Western Mediterranean, while white‐flowered plants are restricted to Portugal and SW Spain, where they occur at low proportions. Yellow flowers have a characteristic UV pattern, with a UV‐absorbing centre and UV‐reflecting periphery, which is absent in the white morph. Colour features of both morphs were highly delineated, making it easy for pollinators to distinguish them. Both morphs were protogynous, with the same duration of sexual stages, and the main floral traits related to pollinator attraction, apart from flower colour, were similar. Hymenoptera and Diptera were the main pollinators, showing preference for the yellow morph, clear partitioning of pollinator groups between the two colour morphs and a marked constancy to flower colour during foraging. Both morphs combined clonal propagation with sexual reproduction, but sexual reproductive potential was lower in white‐flowered plants. Finally, female fitness was higher in the yellow morph.

Pollinator partitioning and colour constancy could maintain this polymorphism, despite the lower visitation rate and fitness of white‐flowered plants, which could facilitate their clonal propagation.
Intricate microbe‐plant‐metabolic remodeling mediated by intercropping enhances the quality of Panax quinquefolius L
Authors: Duan Wanying , Chen Xiaoli , Ding Yu , Mao Xinying , Song Zhengjian , Bao Jie , Fang Lei , Guo Lanping , Zhou Jie
Published: September 2024

Improving the cultivation mode and technology for traditional Chinese medicine has become important for its sustainable development. Monoculture enhances plant diseases, which decreases yield and quality. Intercropping is an effective measure to counterbalance that negative effect. In this study, we focused on Panax quinquefolium L. (ginseng) and four treatments were set up: the control without intercropping, P. quinquefolius + ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.), P. quinquefolius + red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), and P. quinquefolius + ryegrass + red clover. An LC–MS/MS system was used to detect the changes in the P. quinquefolius secondary metabolites, and high‐throughput sequencing technology was used to determine the changes in the P. quinquefolius' rhizosphere soil microorganisms. Ginsenoside content, soil enzyme activities, and arbuscular mycorrhizal infection rate of P. quinquefolius were also measured using HPLC, ELISA kits, and microscopy, respectively. Co‐intertia and Pearson's analysis were performed to explore the relationship between the metabolites and the P. quinquefolius microorganisms. Intercropping significantly increased the content of ginsenoside metabolites and recruited a large number of beneficial bacteria to the P. quinquefolius rhizosphere. The P. quinquefolius secondary metabolites were associated with the rhizosphere microbial community. For example, the dominant microorganisms, such as Acidobacteriota and Chloroflexi, played a key role in promoting the synthesis of ginsenoside Rd and (20R) ginsenoside Rg3 by P. quinquefolius. Intercropping led to changes in the P. quinquefolius secondary metabolites by driving and reshaping the rhizosphere microorganisms. These findings revealed the potential application of intercropping for improving the quality of P. quinquefolius.
Recognition of a cryptic maximum flooding surface in shallow marine carbonate sequences using geochemical (Y/Ho) proxy data
Authors: Sreenivasan Sruthi P. , Bera Melinda Kumar , Samanta Arpita
Published: September 2024

Since diagnostic primary depositional sedimentary structures and depth‐dependent grain‐size trends are rarely preserved, building a comprehensive sequence stratigraphic framework for the vast majority of the Phanerozoic carbonate platform sequences is pending. Among the two most important sequence stratigraphic surfaces, while the subaerial unconformity can be reliably identified by either karst development or the appearance of siliciclastic materials, the demarcation of the maximum flooding surface remains difficult in lithologically uniform shallow marine carbonate sequences. The present study attempts to identify the globally documented maximum flooding surface within the body of the negative carbon isotope excursion of the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum recorded in the shallow marine carbonate platform sequences. The results show that, along with the carbonate microfacies, the yttrium to holmium ratio (Y/Ho ratio) of the carbonate fraction reliably records the sea‐level changes. A Y/Ho ratio between 70 and 80 demarcates the stratigraphic position of the maximum sea‐level state (the most open marine condition in the studied interval) and maximum flooding surface in the studied sections. Since the Y/Ho ratios remain relatively stable throughout diagenesis, they can be used for maximum flooding surface identification in shallow marine carbonate platform sequences. The possibility exists that the same method can also be applied to the mixed siliciclastic–carbonate systems.