bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanodiamond: A Promising Carbon‐Based Nanomaterial for Therapeutic and Regenerative Dental Applications
Authors: Taymour Noha , Haque Md Azizul , Atia Gamal Abdel Nasser , Mohamed Sara Z. , Rokaya Dinesh , Bajunaid Salem M. , Soliman Magdalen M. , Shalaby Hany K. , Barai Paritosh , Roy Madhusudan , Barai Hasi Rani
Published: September 2024

Nanodiamonds (NDs) are utilized for various purposes in dentistry, such as tissue regeneration, gene therapy, and medication delivery. Despite the examination of their potential for dental uses, there is currently no published review summarizing the conducted investigations. Additional investigations are required to comprehend the biological compatibility of NDs in dentistry. NDs have been proven effective for a variety of applications in dentistry because of unique qualities such as target cell selectivity, nanometer size, and fluorescence. Nanodiamonds find various applications in dentistry, encompassing roles in directed tissue regeneration, reinforcing polymers, and administering medications for treating infections and cancer. Researchers have also suggested the potential use of nanodiamonds as coatings for antibacterial or bioactive dental implants. Nevertheless, investigations on their biological compatibility have been scarce and insufficient so far, necessitating significantly further studies to envision the potential use of NDs in dentistry. It is believed that within the ten years to come, these emerging substances will discover several kinds of daily usage in dental practice.
[4+2] Cycloaddition Mediated Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrahydro‐1H‐Isobenzofuro Chromene Dione Derivatives: Antibacterial Evaluation and Molecular Docking Investigation
Authors: Priyadarshini Parida Sonali , Mohapatra Suhasini , Nayak Sabita , Mohapatra Seetaram , Panda Jasmine , Ranjan Sahoo Chita
Published: September 2024

An efficient stereoselective synthesis of tetrahydro‐1H‐isobenzofuro[4,5‐c]chromene‐1,3(3aH)‐dione derivatives were achieved through a novel [4+2] cycloaddition reaction of 4‐styryl‐2H‐chromenes with cheaply available maleic anhydride. A series of new tetrahydro‐1H‐isobenzofuro[4,5‐c]chromene‐1,3(3aH)‐dione derivatives 21(a–p) were synthesized in good to excellent yield under mild reaction condition with no chromatographic purification. In this reaction, the generation of four new consecutive stereogenic centers were determined by single crystal X‐ray analysis. All the synthesized compounds were investigated further in silico and in vitro for antibacterial activities using two bacterial strain of DNA gyrase. Compounds 21 b and 21 j showed excellent docking score −9.3 kCal/mol and −8.6 kCal/mol with gram negative bacterial strain Escherichia coli (E. coli) with protein data bank (PDB ID) 3G7E. Out of all the tested molecules, 21 b and 21 j displayed good results with minimum inhibitory concentration 10 μg/ml, 10 μg/ml against the bacterial strain Escherichia coli(E. coli) and 10 μg/ml, 20 μg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) respectively.
Theoretical Study of Transition Metal Chemistry in Alkali Metal Complexes [K2M(COT)2]− (M=K, Rb, Cs)
Authors: Bian Jian‐Hong , An Yanyan , Huo Bin , Yan Juanzhi
Published: September 2024

The transition metal properties of heavy alkaline earth metals have been extensively studied, and their neighbouring heavy alkali metals have been limited to the interactions with CO‐σ ligands. Based on this, the complexes [K2M(COT)2]− (M=K, Rb, Cs) interacting with heavy alkali metals and COT‐π ligands are theoretically designed in this paper. The electronic structure analysis showed that the three complexes had 10 occupied molecular orbitals (MOs), in which 8 of them were related to the atomic orbitals (AOs) of central alkali metals, including 4 d orbitals (dxy, dx2−y2, dxz, dyz), so they also exhibited the typical behaviors of transition metals. NBO analysis indicated that the central metals in these complexes are common valence of +1, the ligands are negative, so the electrostatic coulomb interaction between positive and negative ions makes them more stable. This can be reflected by the high binding energies of −585.8 to −594.0 kcal/mol, which are much higher than those of −6.5 to −63.3 kcal/mol for the trace amount of complexes combined by neutral metals and ligands. It would be a feasible strategy for the design of the macrosynthesis of related complexes by combining the positive ions and negative ligands, which can stabilize the complexes through the favorable Coulomb attractions.
Harnessing Nature‐Inspired Catechol Amino Acid to Engineer Sticky Proteins and Bacteria
Authors: Zhang Mengxi , Chen Yuda , Chung Anna , Yang Shudan , Choi Chi Hun , Zhang Sophie , Han Yimo , Xiao Han
Published: September 2024

3,4‐Dihydroxy‐L‐phenylalanine (DOPA) serves as a post‐translational modification amino acid present in mussel foot proteins. Mussels exploit the exceptional adhesive properties of DOPA to adhere to a wide range of surfaces. This study presents the development of sticky proteins and bacteria through the site‐specific incorporation of DOPA using Genetic Code Expansion Technology. Through the optimization of the DOPA incorporation system, proteins containing DOPA demonstrate significantly improved binding abilities to various organic and metallic materials. The material‐binding capabilities of DOPA to combat different types of biofoulings are harnessed by integrating it into intrinsically disordered proteins. Beyond the creation of adhesive proteins for anti‐biofouling purposes, this highly efficient DOPA incorporation system is also applied to engineer adhesive bacteria, resulting in a remarkable increase in their binding capability to diverse materials including 400 folds of improvement to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). This substantial enhancement in PET binding of these bacteria has allowed to develop a unique approach for PET degradation, showcasing the innovative application of Genetic Code Expansion in cell engineering.
Theme park rides are Giffen goods
Authors: Heutel Garth
Published: September 2024

Using a unique proprietary data set on the behavior of guests visiting theme parks, I document evidence for Giffen behavior in the demand for theme park rides. On average, when the price of a ride increases, that is, the wait time increases, then the probability of riding it increases. This relationship arises predominantly among demand for the least‐desirable rides, it arises predominantly in the theme parks with the fewest number of substitute rides, and it is robust to controlling for expectations of future wait times and other sensitivity analyses. These patterns are all consistent with Giffen behavior.
A comprehensive survey of UPPAAL‐assisted formal modeling and verification
Authors: Zhou Wenbo , Zhao Yujiao , Zhang Ye , Wang Yiyuan , Yin Minghao
Published: September 2024

UPPAAL is a formal modeling and verification tool based on timed automata, capable of effectively analyzing real‐time software and hardware systems. In this article, we investigate research on UPPAAL‐assisted formal modeling and verification. First, we propose four research questions considering tool characteristics, modeling methods, verification means and application domains. Then, the state‐of‐the‐art methods for model specification and verification in UPPAAL are discussed, involving model transformation, model repair, property specification, as well as verification and testing methods. Next, typical application cases of formal modeling and verification assisted by UPPAAL are analyzed, spanning across domains such as network protocol, multi‐agent system, cyber‐physical system, rail traffic and aerospace systems, cloud and edge computing systems, as well as biological and medical systems. Finally, we address the four proposed questions based on our survey and outline future research directions. By responding to these questions, we aim to provide summaries and insights into potential avenues for further exploration in this field.
Pentachlorophenol Exposure Delays the Recovery of Colitis in Association With Altered Gut Microbiota and Purine Metabolism
Authors: Li Wenzheng , Mu Jing , Ni Shanhong , Pei Wenlong , Wan Li , Wu Xin , Zhu Jun , Zhang Zhan , Li Lei
Published: September 2024

Pentachlorophenol (PCP) was used widely as preservative and biocide and has been banned due to with various harmful effects, such as carcinogenicity and teratogenicity. However, the effects of PCP on colitis induced by dextrose sodium sulfate (DSS) remain largely unknown. Serum metabolomics and gut microbiota were investigated to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. Exposure to 20 μg/L PCP aggravated DSS‐induced body weight loss, colon shortening, severe histological injuries, and upregulation of TNFα, iNOS, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. Serum metabolomics showed that both DSS and PCP could significantly disrupted tryptophan metabolism in normal mice. Interestingly, PCP exposure intensified the disturbance in purine metabolism but not tryptophan metabolism caused by DSS. Quantitative analysis of tryptophan and metabolites further confirmed that PCP exposure significantly increased the serum contents of serotonin, adenine, guanine, guanosine, inosine monophosphate (IMP), inosine, and hypoxanthine in DSS‐treated mice. The overall gut microbial community was significantly modified by PCP and DSS treatment alone. Rikenellaceae_RC9_Gut_group, Colidextribacter, and Desulfovibrio were more abundant in colitis mice following PCP exposure. Further integrative analysis of differential bacteria and purine metabolites highlighted a significant correlation between Desulfovibrio and several purine metabolites, including guanine, guanosine, hypoxanthine, IMP, and inosine. Adenosine ribonucleotides de novo biosynthesis, inosine‐5′‐phosphate biosynthesis I, and urate biosynthesis/inosine 5′‐phosphate degradation pathways were depleted in colitis mice upon PCP treatment. Taken together, PCP exposure delayed the recovery of colitis induced by DSS in association with altered gut microbiota and serum metabolites, which were enriched in tryptophan and purine metabolism.
Trends in men's health: a call to action and a new direction
Authors: Kirby Roger , Carson Culley , Kirby Mike
Published: September 2024

In this editorial, Roger Kirby, Culley Carson and Mike Kirby reflect on the journal and the shape of men's health as Trends in Urology and Men's Health enters a new era of development.
Cardiac biomarker concentrations in cats with elevated pancreatic lipase concentrations
Authors: Cridge Harry , DeCicco Barry , Monterroso Stephanie , Steiner Jorg M.
Published: September 2024

Background

Cardiac biomarker concentrations are elevated in dogs with pancreatitis, but it is unknown if this is also the case for cats.

Methods

The serum feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity (fPLI) of serum samples from 60 cats was quantified using the Spec fPL assay. Serum N‐terminal pro‐B‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) and high‐sensitivity cardiac troponin I (HST) concentrations were also measured using commercial assays.

Results

Five of 20 cats with fPLI concentrations of 8.8 mg/L or more had above reference interval NT‐proBNP concentrations. Serum NT‐proBNP concentrations were not correlated with fPLI concentrations (p = 0.31) and were not different in each diagnostic category for fPLI results (p = 0.24). Serum HST concentrations were positively correlated with fPLI concentrations (r = 0.278, 95% confidence interval: 0.02‒0.50, p = 0.03). However, they were not significantly different in each diagnostic category for fPLI results (p = 0.16).

Limitations

Unidentified co‐variates could contribute to the association between fPLI and cardiac biomarker concentrations.

Conclusions

Cats with elevated fPLI concentrations may have elevated cardiac biomarker concentrations.
Evaluation serum soluble interleukin 2 receptor with diagnosis and prognosis in canine solid tumour: 34 cases
Authors: NamKung Hyun , Park Su‐Min , Im Jae‐Hyeon , Lim Ga‐Hyun , Ryu Min‐Ok , Seo Kyoung‐Won , Youn Hwa‐Young
Published: September 2024

Background/Aim

The soluble interleukin‐2 receptor (sIL‐2R) serve as a valuable biomarker for tumors in human patients, as its levels increase during the activation of T lymphocytes in clinical states such as inflammation, infection, and tumor. This study aimed to demonstrate that sIL‐2R levels can be also elevated in dogs with tumors and evaluate its applicability as a diagnostic and prognostic factor in canine cancer patients.

Patients and Methods

Serum was collected from 6 healthy dogs and 34 dogs with solid tumors. The concentration of sIL‐2R was measured using a commercial enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay kit.

Results

The median sIL‐2R concentration was significantly higher in dogs with solid masses than in healthy dogs (117.3 vs 68.33 pg/ml, p = 0.016). The highest median sIL‐2R concentration was found in dogs with malignant tumors, followed by those with benign tumors, and healthy dogs (119.6 vs 93.74 vs 68.33 pg/ml, respectively). In dogs with malignant tumors, the mortality rate was significantly higher in the group with high sIL‐2R levels than in the group with low sIL‐2R levels. Dogs with solid tumors, particularly those with malignant tumors, had higher concentrations of sIL‐2R than healthy dogs. Among dogs with malignant tumors, a correlation between sIL‐2R concentration and mortality rate was confirmed.

Conclusion

Serum sIL‐2R levels may be used to detect malignant tumors and serve as a prognostic factor in dogs with malignant tumors.
Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft 2024 in Limburg
Authors: Janssen Elisabeth , Scheurer Marco , Winzenbacher Rudi , Spahr Stephanie , Fliege Ralph , Kämpfe Alexander , Lutze Holger , Sturm Sebastian
Published: September 2024

Die Jahrestagung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft „Wasser 2024“ vom 6. bis 8. Mai in Limburg präsentierte sich als die zentrale deutsche Tagung über die neuesten Erkenntnisse zu allen Themen der Wasserqualität. Profis aus dem Bereich der Wasserchemie, der Wasseraufbereitung sowie Fachleute anderer Disziplinen des Wasserfachs trafen sich zu einem intensiven Erfahrungs‐ und Gedankenaustausch. Ein Schwerpunkt lag auf der persönlichen Begegnung und den wissenschaftlichen Diskussionen aktueller fachlicher Herausforderungen. Am 6. Mai 2024 fand die Mitgliederversammlung der Wasserchemischen Gesellschaft statt. Anschließend wurde zu einer „Bunten Nacht der Poster“ eingeladen. Schon am Sonntagabend, 5. Mai 2024, gab es ein Get‐Together, einschließlich des Jungforscher‐Forums. Am Abend des 7. Mai konnten die Teilnehmerinnen und Teilnehmer sich zum „Networking Dinner“ treffen. Natürlich war auch eine Fachausstellung wieder Teil der Wasser 2024. Denn nicht nur der intensive Austausch unter Wissenschaftlern, sondern auch der Dialog mit Unternehmen aus dem Wasserfach ist sehr wichtig. Interessierte Aussteller waren eingeladen, dem Fachpublikum ihr Unternehmen und ihre Produkte zu präsentieren.
Local brain abnormalities in emotional disorders: Evidence from resting state fMRI studies
Authors: Jia Xize , Li Mengting , Wang Chunjie , Antwi Collins Opoku , Darko Adjei Peter , Zhang Baojing , Ren Jun
Published: September 2024

Emotional disorders inflict an enormous burden on society. Research on brain abnormalities implicated in emotional disorders has witnessed great progress over the past decades. Using cross‐sectional and longitudinal designs, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs‐fMRI) and its analytic approaches have been applied to characterize the local properties of patients with emotional disorders. Additionally, brain activity alterations of emotional disorders have shown frequency‐specific. Despite the gains in understanding the roles of brain abnormalities in emotional disorders, the limitation of the small sample size needs to be highlighted. Lastly, we proposed that evidence from the positive psychology research stream presents it as a viable discipline, whose suggestions could be developed in future emotional disorders research. Such interdisciplinary research may produce novel treatments and intervention options.

This article is categorized under:

Psychology > Brain Function and Dysfunction
From 3D point‐cloud data to explainable geometric deep learning: State‐of‐the‐art and future challenges
Authors: Saranti Anna , Pfeifer Bastian , Gollob Christoph , Stampfer Karl , Holzinger Andreas
Published: September 2024

We present an exciting journey from 3D point‐cloud data (PCD) to the state of the art in graph neural networks (GNNs) and their evolution with explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), and 3D geometric priors with the human‐in‐the‐loop. We follow a simple definition of a “digital twin,” as a high‐precision, three‐dimensional digital representation of a physical object or environment, captured, for example, by Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) technology. After a digression into transforming PCD into images, graphs, combinatorial complexes and hypergraphs, we explore recent developments in geometric deep learning (GDL) and provide insight into the application of these network architectures for analyzing and learning from graph‐structured data. We emphasize the importance of the explainability of these models and recognize that the ability to interpret and validate the results of complex models is a crucial aspect of their wider adoption.

This article is categorized under:

Technologies > Artificial Intelligence
Nonseizure Response to ECT in Older Adults with Bipolar Depression on Bumetanide
Authors: Badagala Aparna , De Souza Stephen
Published: September 2024

Abstract: Psychiatric presentations in older adults are complicated by chronic comorbidities, polypharmacy, and older age-related psychosocial changes. This case report discusses an unusual treatment response to ECT in a 75-year-old man with chronic bipolar disorder. There was no seizure activity on EEG and upon direct observation in 3 out of 7 ECT sessions. After an in-depth medication review of its impact on ECT, we propose that bumetanide could likely have contributed to the nonseizure response. Bumetanide was proposed as a potential antiepileptic agent, but the evidence for its effect on ECT is sparse. A proportion of older adults receiving ECT are likely to be on this FDA-approved diuretic for cardiovascular comorbidities. This case highlights the need for further studies to test for ECT-modifying of bumetanide.
Tracing the Oxidizing State and Element‐Mobilizing Fluids in Continental Subduction Zones: Insights From the Granitic Melt‐Eclogite Interface
Authors: Lei Jing , Tian Ye , Xiao Yilin , Tan Dong‐Bo , Xu Li‐Juan , Wang Qinxia , Li Wangye
Published: September 2024

Fluids in subduction zones significantly influence element mobility, isotope fractionation, and mass transfer. However, unraveling the source, composition, and redox state of fluids in continental subduction zones poses a significant challenge. This study focuses on a granitic melt‐eclogite contact interface, along with adjacent granite and eclogite from the Sulu ultrahigh‐pressure metamorphic belt in East China. The interface exhibits complex mineral assemblages, enriched rare earth elements (REEs), and high field strength elements (HFSEs). Zircon grains from the interface show an age of ∼217 ± 9 Ma, slightly later than peak metamorphism, along with the presence of coesite inclusions. These findings suggest that the interfacial fluid likely formed from the mixing of granitic anatectic melt and aqueous fluid from the eclogite during the initial exhumation of the Sulu terrane. The interaction resulted in the eclogite acquiring substantial REEs and HFSEs, suggesting the interfacial fluid's effective element‐transporting capability and potential supercritical fluid properties. Zircon Ce anomaly and Fe3+/Fe2+ oxybarometer data indicate a highly oxidizing interfacial fluid, analogous to arc magmas in oxygen fugacity. This led to the preferential loss of isotopically heavier Cr from the eclogite during fluid‐eclogite interaction, evidenced by heavier Cr isotopic compositions in the interface (δ53Cr = −0.04 to −0.05‰) compared to adjacent eclogite (δ53Cr as low as −0.11‰). In summary, our results highlight the presence of strong oxidizing and element‐mobilizing fluids in continental subduction zones, offering insights into supercritical fluid recognition and the genesis of oxidizing arc magmas in subduction zones.
The Changing Biological Carbon Pump of the South Atlantic Ocean
Authors: Delaigue L. , Sulpis O. , Reichart G.‐J. , Humphreys M. P.
Published: September 2024

Global marine anthropogenic CO2 inventories have traditionally emphasized the North Atlantic's role in the carbon cycle, while Southern hemisphere processes are less understood. The South Subtropical Convergence (SSTC) in the South Atlantic, a juncture of distinct nutrient‐rich waters, offers a valuable study area for discerning the potential impacts of climate change on the ocean's biological carbon pump (Csoft). Using discrete observations from GLODAPv2.2022 and BGC‐Argo at 40°S in the Atlantic Ocean from 1972 to 2023, an increase in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) of +1.44 ± 0.11 μmol kg−1 yr−1 in surface waters was observed. While anthropogenic CO2 played a role, variations in the contribution of Csoft were observed. Discrepancies emerged in assessing Csoft based on the tracers employed: when using AOU, Csoft(AOU) recorded an increase of +0.20 ± 0.03 μmol kg−1 yr−1, while using nitrate as the reference, Csoft(NO3) displayed an increase of +0.85 ± 0.07 μmol kg−1 yr−1. Key processes such as water mass composition shifts, changes in oxygenation, remineralization in the Southern Ocean, and the challenges they pose in accurately representing the evolving Csoft are discussed. These findings highlight that while global studies primarily attribute DIC increase to anthropogenic CO2, observations at 40°S reveal an intensified biological carbon pump, showing that regional DIC changes are more complex than previously thought and emphasizing the need for better parameterizations to compute the BCP in the marine carbon budget.
A Composite Seismic Source Model for the First Major Event During the 2022 Hunga (Tonga) Volcanic Eruption
Authors: Hu Jinyin , Phạm Thanh‐Son , Tkalčić Hrvoje
Published: September 2024

The violent eruption of the Hunga (Tonga) submarine volcano on 15 January 2022 caused a 58 km‐heigh ash plume, catastrophic tsunami, and significant global seismic and infrasound waves. However, the physical mechanism underpinning its multiple‐explosive events remains unclear, and its resolvability relies on the seismic waveform source inversion. The studies of two different point‐source models, the seismic moment tensor (MT) and the single force (SF), have been performed separately for this eruption, which, interestingly, can explain the seismic data adequately. Here, we use a joint inversion of MT and SF to unravel a composite source of an explosion‐like MT and a significant upward force for the first major explosive event. Regarding the direction and magnitude, we propose that the upward force is likely a rebound force in response to the pressure drop on the seafloor because the water body above the volcano was abruptly uplifted by the shallow underwater explosion.
How Induced Earthquakes Respond to Pre‐Existing Fractures and Hydraulic Fracturing Operations? A Case Study in South China
Authors: Li Dewei , Zhang Miao , Zheng Jing , Yang Ruizhao , Peng Suping
Published: September 2024

Hydraulic fracturing in shale gas production can induce felt earthquakes, making it crucial to understand and mitigate induced earthquakes. The Cen'gong shale gas block in South China offers extensive data—3D seismic, geological structure, microseismic data, and detailed stimulation operations—allowing a comprehensive investigation into induced earthquakes by hydraulic fracturing. Using a dense temporary seismic array and deep‐learning workflows, we build a high precision earthquake catalog and determine their focal mechanisms. Pre‐existing fractures are identified through the Ant Tracking attribute derived from the 3D seismic data. We analyze the distribution, frequency, magnitude, and focal mechanisms of induced earthquakes, compare them spatially with the distribution of the pre‐existing fractures, and track their temporal changes during and after hydraulic fracturing. Most induced earthquakes occurred along pre‐existing fractures, exhibiting relatively larger magnitudes and persistent trailing seismicity. The number of trailing seismicity is proportional to the response time of stimulation earthquakes. The focal mechanism solutions suggest that the rupture mechanism of the trailing seismicity remained unchanged. By analyzing four clusters of earthquakes, we found that in two of these clusters, the induced earthquakes initiated from the far side of the fractures, then linearly migrated along the pre‐existing fractures. This directional migration pattern is explained by stress rotation along the fractures. Our analysis suggests that both pre‐existing fractures and stimulation operations significantly influence induced earthquake occurrences. Therefore, this work may enhance our understanding of pre‐existing fractures, and optimizing stimulation operations can mitigate earthquake hazards in shale gas production.
Chlorophyll Production in the Amundsen Sea Boosts Heat Flux to Atmosphere and Weakens Heat Flux to Ice Shelves
Authors: Twelves A. G. , Goldberg D. N. , Holland P. R. , Henley S. F. , Mazloff M. R. , Jones D. C.
Published: September 2024

The Amundsen Sea in West Antarctica features rapidly thinning ice shelves, large polynyas, and sizable spring phytoplankton blooms. Although considerable effort has gone into characterizing heat fluxes between the Amundsen Sea, its associated ice shelves, and the overlying atmosphere, the effect of the phytoplankton blooms on the distribution of heat remains poorly understood. In this modeling study, we implement a feedback from biogeochemistry onto physics into MITgcm‐BLING and use it to show that high levels of chlorophyll—concentrated in the Amundsen Sea Polynya and the Pine Island Polynya—have the potential to increase springtime surface warming in polynyas by steepening the attenuation profile of solar radiation with depth. The chlorophyll‐associated warm anomaly (on average between +0.2C and +0.3C) at the surface is quickly dissipated to the atmosphere, by increases in longwave, latent and sensible heat loss from open water areas. Outside of the coastal polynyas, the summertime warm anomaly leads to an average sea ice thinning of 1.7 cm across the region, and stimulates up to 20% additional seasonal melting near the fronts of ice shelves. The accompanying cold anomaly, caused by shading of deeper waters, persists year‐round and affects a decrease in the volume of Circumpolar Deep Water on the continental shelf. This cooling ultimately leads to an average sea ice thickening of 3.5 cm and, together with associated changes to circulation, reduces basal melting of Amundsen Sea ice shelves by approximately 7% relative to the model scenario with no phytoplankton bloom.
Maternal ketone supplementation throughout gestation improves neonatal cardiac dysfunction caused by perinatal iron deficiency
Authors: Noble Ronan M.N. , Soni Shubham , Liu Si Ning , Rachid Jad-Julian , Mast Heather E. , Wiedemeyer Alyssa , Holody Claudia D. , Mah Richard , Woodman Andrew G. , Ferdaoussi Mourad , Lemieux Helene , Dyck Jason R.B. , Bourque Stephane L.
Published: September 2024

Iron deficiency (ID) is common during gestation and in early infancy and has been shown to adversely affect cardiac development and function, which could lead to lasting cardiovascular consequences. Ketone supplementation has been shown to confer cardioprotective effects in numerous disease models. Here, we tested the hypothesis that maternal ketone supplementation during gestation would mitigate cardiac dysfunction in ID neonates. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an iron-restricted or iron-replete diet before and throughout pregnancy. Throughout gestation, iron-restricted dams were given either a daily subcutaneous injection of ketone solution (containing β-hydroxybutyrate [βOHB]) or saline (vehicle). Neonatal offspring cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography at postnatal days (PD)3 and 13. Hearts and livers were collected post-mortem for assessments of mitochondrial function and gene expression profiles of markers oxidative stress and inflammation. Maternal iron restriction caused neonatal anemia and asymmetric growth restriction at all time points assessed, and maternal βOHB treatment had no effect on these outcomes. Echocardiography revealed reduced ejection fraction despite enlarged hearts (relative to body weight) in ID offspring, resulting in impaired oxygen delivery, which was attenuated by maternal βOHB supplementation. Further, maternal ketone supplementation affected biochemical markers of mitochondrial function, oxidative stress and inflammation in hearts of neonates, implicating these pathways in the protective effects conferred by βOHB. In summary, βOHB supplementation confers protection against cardiac dysfunction in ID neonates and could have implications for the treatment of anemic babies.
FM‐YOLOv8:Lightweight gesture recognition algorithm
Authors: Li Fanghai , Na Xitai , Shi Jinshuo , Sun Qingbin
Published: September 2024

In practical production applications, the efficiency and success rate of gesture recognition directly affect the user experience and work efficiency. However, the existing gesture recognition models have the problem of a large number of model parameters and high computational complexity, which makes them unable to meet the needs of end‐to‐end industrial deployment. To solve these problems, this article proposes a gesture recognition model based on YOLOv8. First, FasterNet is adopted as the backbone of YOLOv8, which significantlydecrease the number of parameters and made the model more lightweight. By reducing the number of parameters, the computational complexity of the model can be reduced while maintaining the performance of the model, and the operation efficiency of the model can be improved. Second, recombination convolution ScConv is introduced to replace common convolution operations to further improve the model's efficiency. Recombination convolution can reduce the computation and make up for the loss of precision to some extent. Finally, the MDPIoU loss function is used to optimize target location and prediction, to improve the accuracy of the model. The MDPIoU loss function can better deal with the problem of target boundary frame positioning and prediction so that the model can locate and predict gestures more accurately in gesture recognition tasks. Experiments on a data set containing 10 types of gestures show that the number of parameters and floating point calculations of the improved network model are reduced by 45% and 42.7%, respectively, while the accuracy is unchanged. The improved model can be deployed on edge terminals, providing efficient and accurate gesture recognition.
Underwater organisms detection algorithm based on multi‐scale perception and representation enhancement
Authors: Xu Jiawei , Chen Fen , Huang Lian , Liu Tingna , Peng Zongju
Published: September 2024

To address issues such as object‐background confusion and difficulties in multi‐scale object feature extraction in underwater scenarios, this article proposes an underwater organisms detection algorithm based on multi‐scale perception and representation enhancement. The key innovation of the proposed algorithm is the perception improvement of the deep learning model for underwater multi‐scale objects. First, for underwater large‐scale objects, omni‐dimensional dynamic convolution is embedded as an attention mechanism (AM) into the deep network to improve the network's sensitivity to large‐scale underwater objects. For underwater small‐scale objects, an information retention downsampling module is designed to reduce the effects of serious information loss. Then, a contextual transformer as an AM is introduced into shallow networks to strengthen the network's ability to extract features from small objects. The second innovation of the proposed algorithm is an underwater spatial pooling pyramid module which enhances the representation ability of the model. Furthermore, a lightweight decoupled head is designed to eliminate the conflict between classification and localization. The ablation experiment on the URPC dataset shows that the proposed models are effective for underwater object detection. The comparative experiments on the URPC and DUT‐USEG datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves an advantage in detection performance compared with the mainstream detection algorithms and underwater detection algorithms.
A multi-wavelength study of Galactic H II regions with extended emission
Authors: Dey Jyotirmoy , Pandian Jagadheep D. , Lal Dharam V. , Rugel Michael R. , Brunthaler Andreas , Menten Karl M. , Wyrowski Friedrich , Roy Nirupam , Dzib Sergio A. , Medina Sac-Nicté X. , Khan Sarwar , Dokara Rohit
Published: September 2024

Context. H II regions are the signposts of massive (M ≥ 8 M⊙) star-forming sites in our Galaxy. It has been observed that the ionizing photon rate inferred from the radio continuum emission of H II regions is significantly lower (~90%) than that inferred from far-infrared fluxes measured by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite.

Aims. This discrepancy in the ionizing photon rates may arise due to there being significant amounts of dust within the H II regions or the presence of extended emission that is undetected by high-resolution radio interferometric observations. Here, we study a sample of eight compact and ultracompact H II regions with extended emission to explore its role in resolving the discrepancy.

Methods. We have used observations at the upgraded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (1.25–1.45 GHz) and data from the GLOSTAR survey (4–8 GHz) to estimate the ionizing photon rate from the radio continuum emission. We have also estimated the ionizing photon rate from the infrared luminosity by fitting a spectral energy distribution function to the infrared data from the Spitzer-GLIMPSE, MIPSGAL, and Hi-GAL surveys. The excellent sensitivity of the radio observations to extended emission allows us to investigate the actual fraction of ionizing photons that are absorbed by dust in compact and ultracompact H II regions.

Results. Barring one source, we find a direct association between the radio continuum emission from the compact and diffuse components of the H II region. Our study shows that the ionizing photon rates estimated using the radio and infrared data are within reasonable agreement (5–28%) if we include the extended emission. We also find multiple candidate ionizing stars in all our sources, and the ionizing photon rates from the radio observations and candidate stars are in reasonable agreement.
New AGN diagnostic diagrams based on the [OIII]λ4363 auroral line
Authors: Mazzolari Giovanni , Übler Hannah , Maiolino Roberto , Ji Xihan , Nakajima Kimihiko , Feltre Anna , Scholtz Jan , D’Eugenio Francesco , Curti Mirko , Mignoli Marco , Marconi Alessandro
Published: September 2024

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is revolutionizing our understanding of black hole formation and growth in the early Universe. However, JWST has also revealed that some of the classical diagnostics, such as the Baldwin, Phillips & Terlevich (BPT) diagrams and X-ray emission, often fail to identify active galactic nuclei (AGN) at high redshift and low metallicity. Here we present three new rest-frame optical diagnostic diagrams to identify narrow-line Type II AGN, leveraging the [OIII]λ4363 auroral line, which has been detected in several JWST spectra. Specifically, we show that high values of the [OIII]λ 4363 / Hγ ratio provide a sufficient (but not necessary) condition to identify the presence of an AGN, based on empirical calibrations (using local and high-redshift sources) and on a broad range of photoionization models. These diagnostics are able to separate much of the AGN population from star-forming galaxies (SFGs): the average energy of an AGN’s ionizing photons is higher than that of young stars in SFGs, and hence AGN can more efficiently heat the gas, thus boosting the [OIII]λ4363 line. We also found independent indications of AGN activity in some high-redshift sources (z > 4) that were not previously identified as AGN with the traditional diagnostics diagrams, but that are placed in the AGN region of the diagnostic presented in this work. We note, conversely, that low values of [OIII]λ 4363 / Hγ can be associated either with SFGs or AGN excitation. We note that the fact that strong auroral lines are often associated with AGN does not imply that they cannot be used for direct metallicity measurements (provided that proper ionization corrections are applied), but it does affect the calibration of strong line metallicity diagnostics.
Impact of resource reconfiguration on the dairy supply chain resilience
Authors: Keshavarz Marzieh , Hosseini-Nasab Hasan , Fakhrzad Mohammad Bagher , Zare Hasan Khademi
Published: September 2024

Investment in food supply chain resilience, as a critical infrastructure, has become necessary for all governments. Disruption of food supply chains can lead to significant economic challenges. Building a resilient supply chain requires resources; however, it is difficult for firms to allocate resources to various resilience strategies. This study allocates the budget to resilient capacity, that is, absorptive, adaptive, and restorative capacity, to minimize supply chain costs and maximize service levels. We developed a novel multi-objective mixed-integer nonlinear programming method for problem formulation. The developed model was converted into an equivalent linear model. We used the Monte Carlo approach to generate the scenarios and the average sample approximation to determine the required scenarios. Finally, the Lexicographic max-min approach solves the model using actual data from a dairy supply chain. The analysis revealed that allocating 50% of the budget to restorative capacity and the remaining to adaptive and absorptive capacity optimizes supply chain performance. This study provides insights for managers to make better decisions with a knowledge-based background, allocate resources to various resilient strategies, and build a more resilient and efficient supply chain.
Utilization of a Postpartum Fasting Blood Glucose to Predict Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Patients with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Prior Alissa K. , Dolin Cara D. , Bender Whitney , Durnwald Celeste P. , Hamm Rebecca F.
Published: September 2024

Objective The Endocrine Society recommends a postpartum fasting blood glucose (FBG) be performed for patients with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) prior to hospital discharge to screen for ongoing hyperglycemia. There are limited data, however, on whether an FBG can screen for glucose intolerance and if it correlates with the gold standard 4- to 12-week 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Our objective was to evaluate if FBG correlates with the gold standard 2-hour OGTT.

Study Design This retrospective cohort study of patients with GDM who delivered >20 weeks' gestation at two urban centers from January 2017 to December 2020 included those who completed both a postpartum FBG prior to discharge and a 2-hour 75-g OGTT within 1 year of delivery. Abnormal 2-hour OGTT was defined as fasting value ≥100 mg/dL and/or 2-hour value ≥140 mg/dL. We evaluated test characteristics (e.g., sensitivity, specificity) of postpartum FBG cut-offs to predict an abnormal 2-hour OGTT result.

Results A total of 235 patients met inclusion criteria, of which 63% were diet-controlled and 37% required medical management. FBG ranged from 64 to 134 mg/dL, with 6/235 (2.6%) with values ≥126 mg/dL. A total of 39/235 (16.6%) of patients had an abnormal 2-hour OGTT. Overall, area under the curve for FBG predicting abnormal 2-hour OGTT was 0.65. Traditionally considered high cut-offs (≥126 mg/dL) for predicting persistent impaired glucose intolerance demonstrated poor positive predictive value (PPV; <20%). In contrast, low cut-offs demonstrated excellent NPV (>90%). A postpartum FBG of 88 mg/dL was determined to be the optimal cut-off for FBG with NPV = 92.4% (Youden index = 0.34). In this dataset, if FBG ≥ 88 mg/dL was used to determine if 2-hour OGTT was required, almost half of GDM patients could avoid further glucose tolerance testing.

Conclusion While previously thought of as best utilized for its PPV, the FBG may be best used for its NPV. In our study, clinical application of an FBG < 88 mg/dL was highly correlative with a normal 2-hour OGTT.

Key Points
Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Interactions between Food or Herbal Products and Oral Anticoagulants: Evidence Review, Practical Recommendations, and Knowledge Gaps
Authors: Talasaz Azita H. , McGonagle Bridget , HajiQasemi Mohsen , Ghelichkhan Zahra A. , Sadeghipour Parham , Rashedi Sina , Cuker Adam , Lech Tara , Goldhaber Samuel Z. , Jennings Douglas L. , Piazza Gregory , Bikdeli Behnood
Published: September 2024

Interactions between food and oral anticoagulants (OACs), particularly vitamin K antagonists such as warfarin, are widely recognized and may also be clinically relevant for direct OACs. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions with food or herbs can lead to anticoagulation potentiation, increased risk of bleeding, or reduced drug efficacy, all compromising patient safety. We conducted a systematic search for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on PubMed for assessments of interactions between OACs and various ingestants. Since the RCT evidence was slim, we also reviewed prospective longitudinal studies, case series, and case reports to identify possible associations between foods and anticoagulation therapy. We referred to basic or translational studies that shared putative explanations for such interactions, but we failed to identify high-quality evidence in most cases. The limited evidence, small sample size of the studies, conflicting results, and possible heterogeneity in the contents of herbal products prevent a conclusive assessment of these interactions. Existing evidence suggests that (1) cranberry juice consumption (up to 240 mL/d and probably even more) with warfarin is safe; (2) use of green leafy vegetables with a high daily content (more than 250 µg) of vitamin K should be cautioned for patients receiving warfarin, because it may decrease warfarin efficacy. It is also advisable for patients to maintain highly constant intake of green leafy vegetables to ensure stable warfarin effectiveness; (3) ginger, even in small quantities (excluding commercial ginger-flavored beverages, which contain only negligible amounts of ginger), and mango (more than one fruit) can both potentiate warfarin effects; (4) patients taking OACs should avoid St. John's wort due to diminished anticoagulant effect; and (5) consumption of less than 240 mL of grapefruit juice daily is unlikely to interact with OACs. Future longitudinal observational cohort studies and RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed to study specific interactions between food or herbal products and OACs.
Sheep Head Cadaveric Model for the Transmeatal Extensions of the Retrosigmoid Approach
Authors: Korotkov Dmitriy Sergeyevich , Paitán Alexander Feliciano , Abramyan Arevik , Chaddad Neto Feres Eduardo Aparecido
Published: September 2024

The transmeatal extension of the retrosigmoid approach is an important procedure used in the treatment of various pathologies affecting the posterior fossa, petroclival region, and jugular foramen. Mastering this technique requires a high level of manual skill, particularly in temporal bone drilling. The objective of this study was to describe an easily accessible and cost-effective model of the transmeatal extension of the retrosigmoid approach using cadaveric sheep heads. Five cadaveric sheep heads, fixed in alcohol and formalin with intravascular-colored silicone injection, were prepared for this study. Two heads (four sides) were designated for illustrative anatomical specimens, while three heads (six sides) were used for surgical simulation. Additionally, one head was used to prepare and dissect a dry skull. All critical steps of the transmeatal approach, including both supra- and inframeatal extensions, were successfully replicated on the model. A comparative anatomical analysis was conducted, focusing on the technical nuances of the model. The cadaveric sheep head serves as an effective model for the retrosigmoid approach with transmeatal extensions, primarily for training manual haptic skills. While the sheep model cannot precisely replicate human anatomy, it still offers valuable training opportunities for neurosurgeons, particularly when human cadaveric specimens are unavailable.
Improved Glycemic Control using Oral Semaglutide in a Patient with Type 2 Diabetes with Insulin Allergy
Authors: Abouglila Kamal , Gatnash Mouad
Published: September 2024

We present a unique clinical scenario of a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who exhibited an allergic reaction to all forms of insulin. The patient had previously maintained good glycemic control with maximum-dose metformin. However, her glycemic control deteriorated once she became pregnant. Trials with various types of insulin resulted in allergic reactions, but this was managed successfully using insulin pump therapy, which was discontinued postpartum. Upon reassessment, her HbA1c had deteriorated to 80 mmol/mol. After re-attempting various insulin formulations without success, she was trialed again using the closed-loop Omnipod system. Initial management with the closed-loop system failed to achieve optimal glycemic control. Therefore, oral semaglutide was added. The introduction of oral semaglutide to her treatment regimen led to a significant improvement in her glycemic status. This report compares the patient's glycemic control while on the closed-loop Omnipod system alone versus in combination with oral semaglutide. The findings suggest that oral semaglutide, in conjunction with a closed-loop system, may offer a viable alternative for patients with insulin-dependent type 2 diabetes who cannot tolerate insulin.
Device applications of skyrmion-like polar nanodomains
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: September 2024

Tunable skyrmion-like polar nanodomains in SrTiO3/PbTiO3 bilayers could enable the development of high-density storage devices.
A novel SVIR epidemic model with jumps for understanding the dynamics of the spread of dual diseases
Authors: Alkhazzan Abdulwasea , Wang Jungang , Nie Yufeng , Khan Hasib , Alzabut Jehad
Published: September 2024

The emergence of multi-disease epidemics presents an escalating threat to global health. In response to this serious challenge, we present an innovative stochastic susceptible–vaccinated–infected–recovered epidemic model that addresses the dynamics of two diseases alongside intricate vaccination strategies. Our novel model undergoes a comprehensive exploration through both theoretical and numerical analyses. The stopping time concept, along with appropriate Lyapunov functions, allows us to explore the possibility of a globally positive solution. Through the derivation of reproduction numbers associated with the stochastic model, we establish criteria for the potential extinction of the diseases. The conditions under which one or both diseases may persist are explained. In the numerical aspect, we derive a computational scheme based on the Milstein method. The scheme will not only substantiate the theoretical results but also facilitate the examination of the impact of parameters on disease dynamics. Through examples and simulations, we have a crucial impact of varying parameters on the system’s behavior.