bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Between Air and Electricity
Authors: Eck Cathy van
Published: December 2018

Composers and sound artists have explored for decades how to transform microphones and loudspeakers from “inaudible” technology into genuinely new musical instruments. While the sound reproduction industry had claimed perfect high fidelity already at the beginning of the twentieth century, these artists found surprising ways of use – for instance tweaking microphones, swinging loudspeakers furiously around, ditching microphones in all kinds of vessels, or strapping loudspeakers to body parts of the audience. Between air and electricity traces their quest and sets forward a new theoretical framework, providing historic background on technological and artistic development, and diagrams of concert and performance set-ups. From popular noise musician Merzbow to minimalist classic Alvin Lucier, cult instrument inventor Hugh Davies, or contemporary visual artist Lynn Pook – they all aimed to make audible what was supposed to remain silent.
Critical Approaches to the Production of Music and Sound
Authors: Bennett Samantha , Bates Eliot
Published: December 2018

Who produces sound and music? And in what spaces, localities and contexts? As the production of sound and music in the 21st Century converges with multimedia, these questions are critically addressed in this new edited collection by Samantha Bennett and Eliot Bates. Critical Approaches to the Production of Music and Sound features 16 brand new articles by leading thinkers from the fields of music, audio engineering, anthropology and media. Innovative and timely, this collection represents scholars from around the world, revisiting established themes such as record production and the construction of genre with new perspectives, as well as exploring issues in cultural and virtual production.
On the effect of upwind emission controls on ozone in Sequoia National Park
Authors: Buysse Claire E. , Munyan Jessica A. , Bailey Clara A. , Kotsakis Alexander , Sagona Jessica A. , Esperanza Annie , Pusede Sally E.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Ozone (O3) air pollution in Sequoia National Park (SNP) is among
the worst of any national park in the US. SNP is located on the western
slope of the Sierra Nevada Mountains downwind of the San Joaquin Valley
(SJV), which is home to numerous cities ranked in the top 10 most
O3-polluted in the US. Here, we investigate the influence of
emission controls in the SJV on O3 concentrations in SNP over a
12-year time period (2001–2012). We show that the export of nitrogen oxides
(NOx) from the SJV has played a larger role in driving high O3
in SNP than transport of O3. As a result, O3 in SNP has
been more responsive to NOx emission reductions than in
the upwind SJV city of Visalia, and O3 concentrations have
declined faster at a higher-elevation monitoring station in SNP than at a low-elevation site nearer to the
SJV. We report O3 trends by various
concentration metrics but do so separately for when environmental conditions
are conducive to plant O3 uptake and for when high O3 is
most common, which are time periods that occur at different times of day and
year. We find that precursor emission controls have been less effective at
reducing O3 concentrations in SNP in springtime, which is when
plant O3 uptake in Sierra Nevada forests has been previously
measured to be greatest. We discuss the implications of regulatory focus on
high O3 days in SJV cities for O3 concentration trends and
ecosystem impacts in SNP.
Quantifying the large-scale electrification equilibrium effects in dust storms using field observations at Qingtu Lake Observatory
Authors: Zhang Huan , Zheng Xiaojing
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Dust and sand electrification, which is a ubiquitous phenomenon in dust events,
has a potentially dramatic effect on dust and sand lifting and transport
processes. However, the effect of such electrification is still largely
unclear, mainly due to its complexity and sparse observations. Here, we
conducted an extensive observational analysis involving mild and severe dust
storms with minimum visibility, ranging from ∼0.09 to 0.93 km, to
assess the electrical properties of airborne dust particles in dust storms.
The space charge density has been estimated indirectly based on Gauss's law.
Using the wavelet coherence analysis that is a method for evaluating the
correlations between two non-stationary time series in the time–frequency
domain, we found that the space charge density and dust concentration were
significantly correlated over the 10 min timescales (on the order of the
typical integral timescale of atmospheric turbulence). We further presented
a simple linear regression (SLR) model to quantify such large timescale
correlations and found that there was a significant linear relationship
between space charge density and dust concentration at given ambient
temperature and relative humidity (RH), suggesting that the estimated mean
charge-to-mass ratio of dust particles was expected to remain constant
(termed as the equilibrium value μ∗). In addition, the influences
of ambient temperature and RH on μ∗ were evaluated by a multiple
linear regression (MLR) model, showing that the μ∗ is nonlinearly
related to environmental factors. The present study provides observational
evidence for the environmental-dependent electrification equilibrium effects
in dust storms. This finding may reduce challenges in future quantifications
of dust electrification, as it is possible to exclude effects, such as the
particles' collisional dynamics, on dust electrification.
Quantifying the variability of the annular modes: reanalysis uncertainty vs. sampling uncertainty
Authors: Gerber Edwin P. , Martineau Patrick
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The annular modes characterize the dominant variability of the extratropical
circulation in each hemisphere, quantifying vacillations in the position of
the tropospheric jet streams and the strength of the stratospheric polar
vortices. Their representation in all available reanalysis products is
assessed. Reanalysis uncertainty associated with limitations in the
ability to constrain the circulation with available observations, i.e., the
inter-reanalysis spread, is contrasted with sampling uncertainty
associated with the finite length of the reanalysis records. It is shown that the annular modes are extremely consistent across all modern
reanalyses during the satellite era (ca. 1979 onward). Consequently,
uncertainty in annular mode variability, e.g., the coupling between the
stratosphere and troposphere and the variation in the amplitude and timescale of jet variations throughout the annual cycle, is dominated by sampling
uncertainty. Comparison of reanalyses based on conventional (i.e.,
nonsatellite) or surface observations alone with those using all available
observations indicates that there is limited ability to characterize the
Southern Annular Mode (SAM) in the presatellite era. Notably, prior to 1979,
surface-input reanalyses better capture the SAM at near-surface levels than
full-input reanalyses. For the Northern Annular Mode, however, there is
evidence that conventional observations are sufficient, at least from 1958
onward. The addition of 2 additional decades of records substantially
reduces sampling uncertainty in several key measures of annular mode
variability, demonstrating the value of more historic reanalyses.
Implications for the assessment of atmospheric models and the strength of
coupling between the surface and upper atmosphere are
discussed.
On the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of immersion ice nucleation
Authors: Barahona Donifan
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Heterogeneous ice nucleation initiated by particles immersed
within droplets is likely the main pathway of ice formation in the
atmosphere. Theoretical models commonly used to describe this process assume
that it mimics ice formation from the vapor, neglecting interactions unique
to the liquid phase. This work introduces a new approach that accounts for
such interactions by linking the ability of particles to promote ice
formation to the modification of the properties of water near the
particle–liquid interface. It is shown that the same mechanism that lowers
the thermodynamic barrier for ice nucleation also tends to decrease the
mobility of water molecules, hence the ice–liquid interfacial flux.
Heterogeneous ice nucleation in the liquid phase is thus determined by the
competition between thermodynamic and kinetic constraints to the formation
and propagation of ice. At the limit, ice nucleation may be mediated by
kinetic factors instead of the nucleation work. This new ice nucleation
regime is termed spinodal ice nucleation. The comparison of predicted nucleation
rates against published data suggests that some materials of atmospheric
relevance may nucleate ice in this regime.
Characteristics of atmospheric mercury in East China: implication on sources and formation of mercury species over a regional transport intersection zone
Authors: Qin Xiaofei , Wang Xiaohao , Shi Yijie , Yu Guangyuan , Lin Yanfen , Fu Qingyan , Wang Dongfang , Xie Zhouqing , Deng Congrui , Huang Kan
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant of great concern in East Asia, which is considered to be the largest mercury-emitting region in the world. In this study, atmospheric gaseous elemental mercury (GEM), gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM), and particulate-bound mercury (PBM) were measured continuously over a regional transport intersection zone in East China to reveal the sources and formation of mercury species. The annual mean concentrations of GEM, PBM, and GOM reached 2.77 ng/m3, 60.80 pg/m3, and 82.13 pg/m3, respectively. GEM concentrations were elevated in both cold and warm seasons. This seasonal pattern of GEM suggested that the re-emissions from natural surfaces play a significant role in the fluctuation of atmospheric mercury in addition to anthropogenic sources. Relationship between Hg species and wind directions indicated the high Hg concentrations were related to winds from the south, southwest, and north of the measurement site. An application of the GOM/PBM tracer method and trajectory-based source region identification suggested that long-range transport from northern China and quasi-local emissions were the main sources of Hg species. It was revealed that GEM concentrations were higher when quasi-local sources dominated compared to the dominance of long-range transport events. Six sources and their contributions to anthropogenic GEM were identified. Besides the common anthropogenic emission sectors, shipping emission was found to be an important source (19.6 %) of atmospheric mercury in East China, where marine vessel shipping activities are intense. Concurrences of high GOM concentrations with elevated O3 and temperature, along with the lagged variation of GEM and GOM during daytime demonstrated the very high GOM concentrations were ascribed to the intense in situ oxidation of GEM. Statistical analysis showed that when PM2.5 reached a certain value, GOM was inhibited to some extent due to the gas-particle partitioning process. This process was obvious under the conditions of high PM2.5 concentrations, high humidity, and low temperature.
Chemical composition, optical properties and radiative forcing efficiency of nascent particulate matter emitted by an aircraft turbofan burning conventional and alternative fuels
Authors: Elser Miriam , Brem Benjamin T. , Durdina Lukas , Schönenberger David , Siegerist Frithjof , Fischer Andrea , Wang Jing
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Aircraft engines are a unique source of carbonaceous aerosols in the upper troposphere. There, these particles can more efficiently interact with solar radiation than at ground. Due to the lack of measurement data, the radiative forcing from aircraft particulate emissions remains uncertain. To better estimate the global radiative effects of aircraft exhaust aerosol, its optical properties need to be comprehensively characterized. In this work we present the link between the chemical composition and the optical properties of the particulate matter (PM) measured at the engine exit plane of a CFM56-7B turbofan. The measurements covered a wide range of power settings (thrust), ranging from ground idle to take-off, using four different fuel blends of conventional Jet A-1 and Hydro-processed Ester and Fatty Acids (HEFA) biofuel. At the two measurement wavelengths (532 and 870 nm) and for all tested fuels, the absorption and scattering coefficients increased with thrust, as did the PM mass. The separation of elemental carbon (EC) and organic carbon (OC) revealed a significant mass fraction of OC (up to 90 %) at low thrust levels, while EC mass dominated at medium and high thrust. The use of HEFA blends induced a significant decrease in the PM mass and the optical coefficients at all thrust levels. The HEFA effect was highest at low thrust levels, where the EC mass was reduced by up to 50–60 %. The variability in the chemical composition of the particles was the main reason for the strong thrust dependency of the single scattering albedo (SSA), which followed the same trend as the OC fraction. Mass absorption coefficients (MAC) were determined from the correlations between aerosol light absorption and EC mass concentration. The obtained MAC values (MAC532 = 7.5 ± 0.3 m2 g−1 and MAC870 = 5.2 ± 0.9 m2 g−1) are in excellent agreement with previous literature values of absorption cross section for freshly generated soot. The Simple Forcing Efficiency (SFE) was used to evaluate the direct radiative effect of aircraft particulate emissions for various ground surfaces. The results indicate that aircraft PM emissions over highly reflective surfaces like snow or ice have a substantial warming effect. The use of the HEFA fuel blends decreased PM emissions, but no changes where observed in terms of EC/OC composition, optical properties and forcing per mass emitted.
Ozone trend profiles in the stratosphere: combining ground-based data over Central Europe to consider uncertainties
Authors: Bernet Leonie , von Clarmann Thomas , Godin-Beekmann Sophie , Ancellet Gérard , Maillard Barras Eliane , Stübi René , Steinbrecht Wolfgang , Kämpfer Niklaus , Hocke Klemens
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Observing stratospheric ozone is essential to assess if the Montreal Protocol has succeeded to save the ozone layer by banning ozone depleting substances. Recent studies have reported positive trends indicating that ozone is recovering in the upper stratosphere at mid-latitudes, but the trend magnitudes differ and uncertainties are still high. Trends and their uncertainties are influenced by factors such as instrumental drifts, sampling patterns, discontinuities, biases, or short-term anomalies that all might mask a potential ozone recovery. The present study investigates how anomalies, temporal measurement sampling rates and trend period lengths influence resulting trends. We present an approach for handling suspicious anomalies in trend estimations to improve the derived trend profiles. The approach was applied to data from a Ground-based Millimetre-wave Ozone Spectrometer (GROMOS) located in Bern, Switzerland. We compare our improved GROMOS trend estimate with results from other ground stations (lidars, ozonesondes, and microwave radiometers) in Central Europe. The data indicate positive trends of 1 to 3 % per decade at an altitude of about 40 km (3 hPa), providing a confirmation of ozone recovery in the upper stratosphere in agreement to satellite observations. At lower altitudes, the ground station data show inconsistent trend results, which emphasize the importance of ongoing research on lower stratospheric ozone trends. Our presented method of a combined analysis of ground station data provides a useful approach to recognize and to reduce uncertainties in stratospheric ozone trends by considering anomalies in the trend estimation. We conclude that stratospheric trend estimations still need improvement and that our approach provides a tool that can also be useful for other data sets.
Simulation of the transport, vertical distribution, optical properties and
radiative impact of smoke aerosols with the ALADIN regional climate model during the ORACLES-2016 and LASIC experiments
Authors: Mallet Marc , Nabat Pierre , Zuidema Paquita , Redemann Jens , Sayer Andrew Mark , Stengel Martin , Schmidt Sebastian , Cochrane Sabrina , Burton Sharon , Ferrare Richard , Meyer Kerry , Saide Pablo , Jethva Hiren , Torres Omar , Wood Robert , Saint Martin David , Roehrig Romain , Hsu Christina , Formenti Paola
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Estimates of the direct radiative forcing (DRF) from absorbing smoke aerosols over the Southeast Atlantic Ocean (SAO) requires simulation of the microphysical and optical properties of stratocumulus clouds (Sc) as well as of the altitude and shortwave (SW) optical properties of biomass burning aerosols (BBA). In this study, we take advantage of the large number of observations acquired during the ORACLES-2016 and LASIC projects during September 2016 and compare them with datasets from the ALADIN-Climate regional model. The model provides a good representation of the liquid water path (LWP) but the low cloud fraction (LCF) is underestimated compared to satellite data. The modeled total column smoke aerosol optical depth (AOD) and Above Cloud AOD (ACAOD) are consistent (~ 0.7 over continental sources and ~ 0.3 over SAO at 550 nm) with MERRA2, OMI or MODIS data. The simulations indicate smoke transport over SAO occurs mainly between 2 and 4 km, consistent with surface and aircraft lidar observations. The BBA single scattering albedo (SSA) is slightly overestimated compared to AERONET, and more significantly when compared to Ascension Island surface observations. The difference could be due to the absence of internal mixing treatment in the ALADIN-Climate model. The SSA overestimate leads to underestimate the simulated SW radiative heating compared to ORACLES data. For September 2016, ALADIN-Climate simulates a positive (monthly mean) SW DRF of about +6 W m−2 over SAO (20° S–10° N and 10° W–20° E) at the top of the atmosphere (TOA) and in all-sky conditions. Over the continent, the presence of BBA is shown to significantly decrease the net surface SW flux, through direct and semi-direct effects, which is compensated by a decrease (monthly mean) in sensible heat fluxes (−25 W/m−2) and surface land temperature (−1.5 °C) over Angola, Zambia and Congo notably. The surface cooling and the lower tropospheric heating tends to decrease the continental planetary boundary layer (PBL) height by about ~ 200 m.
Aqueous Reactions of Organic Triplet Excited States with Atmospheric Alkenes
Authors: Kaur Richie , Hudson Brandi M. , Draper Joseph , Tantillo Dean J. , Anastasio Cort
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Triplet excited states of organic matter, a.k.a. triplets, are formed when brown carbon absorbs light. While triplets can be important photooxidants in atmospheric drops and particles (e.g., they rapidly oxidize phenols), very little is known about their reactivity toward many classes of organic compounds in the atmosphere. Here we measure the bimolecular rate constants of the triplet excited state of benzophenone (3BP*), a model species, with 17 water-soluble C3–C6 alkenes that have either been found in the atmosphere or are reasonable surrogates for identified species. Measured rate constants (kALK+3BP*) vary by a factor of 30 and are in the range of (0.24–7.5) × 109 M−1 s−1. Biogenic alkenes found in the atmosphere – e.g., cis-3-hexen-1-ol, cis-3-hexenyl acetate, and methyl jasmonate – react rapidly, with rate constants above 1 × 109 M−1 s−1. Rate constants depend on alkene characteristics such as the location of the double bond, stereochemistry, and alkyl substitution on the double bond. There is a reasonable correlation between kALK+3BP* and the calculated one-electron oxidation potential (OP) of the alkenes (R2 = 0.58); in contrast, rate constants are not correlated with bond dissociation enthalpies, bond dissociation free energies, or computed energy barriers for hydrogen abstraction. Using the OP relationship, we estimate aqueous rate constants for a number of unsaturated isoprene and limonene oxidation products with 3BP*: values are in the range of (0.080–1.7) × 109 M−1 s−1, with generally faster values for limonene products. Using our predicted rate constants, along with values for other reactions from the literature, we conclude that triplets are probably minor oxidants for isoprene and limonene-related compounds in cloudy or foggy atmospheres, except in cases where the triplets are very reactive.
Pre-launch calibration results of the TROPOMI payload on-board the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite
Authors: Kleipool Quintus , Ludewig Antje , Babić Ljubiša , Bartstra Rolf , Braak Remco , Dierssen Werner , Dewitte Pieter-Jan , Kenter Pepijn , Landzaat Robin , Leloux Jonatan , Loots Erwin , Meijering Peter , van der Plas Emiel , Rozemeijer Nico , Schepers Dinand , Schiavini Daniel , Smeets Joost , Vacanti Giuseppe , Vonk Frank , Veefkind Pepijn
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite was successfully launched on 13 October 2017, carrying the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) as its single
payload. TROPOMI is the next-generation atmospheric sounding instrument,
continuing the successes of GOME, SCIAMACHY, OMI, and OMPS, with higher
spatial resolution, improved sensitivity, and extended wavelength range. The
instrument contains four spectrometers, divided over two modules sharing a
common telescope, measuring the ultraviolet, visible, near-infrared, and
shortwave infrared reflectance of the Earth. The imaging system enables daily
global coverage using a push-broom configuration, with a spatial resolution
as low as 7×3.5 km2 in nadir from a Sun-synchronous orbit at
824 km and an Equator crossing time of 13:30 local solar time. This article reports the pre-launch calibration status of the TROPOMI payload
as derived from the on-ground calibration effort. Stringent requirements are
imposed on the quality of on-ground calibration in order to match the high
sensitivity of the instrument. A new methodology has been employed during the analysis of the obtained
calibration measurements to ensure the consistency and validity of the
calibration. This was achieved by using the production-grade Level 0 to 1b
data processor in a closed-loop validation set-up. Using this approach the
consistency between the calibration and the L1b product,
as well as confidence in the obtained calibration result, could be established. This article introduces this novel calibration approach and describes all
relevant calibrated instrument properties as they were derived before launch
of the mission. For most of the relevant properties compliance with the
calibration requirements could be established, including the knowledge of the
instrument spectral and spatial response functions. Partial compliance was
established for the straylight correction; especially the
out-of-spectral-band correction for the near-infrared channel needs future validation.
The absolute radiometric calibration of the radiance and irradiance
responsivity is compliant with the high-level mission requirements, but not
with the stricter calibration requirements as the available on-ground
validation shows. The relative radiometric calibration of the Sun port was
non-compliant. The non-compliant subjects will be addressed during the
in-flight commissioning phase in the first 6 months following launch.
Southern Ocean controls of the vertical marine δ13C gradient – a modelling study
Authors: Morée Anne L. , Schwinger Jörg , Heinze Christoph
Published: December 2018

Abstract. δ13C, the standardised 13C ∕ 12C ratio
expressed in per mille, is a widely used ocean tracer to study changes in ocean
circulation, water mass ventilation, atmospheric pCO2, and
the biological carbon pump on timescales ranging from decades to tens of
millions of years. δ13C data derived from ocean sediment core
analysis provide information on δ13C of dissolved inorganic
carbon and the vertical δ13C gradient (i.e. Δδ13C) in past oceans. In order to correctly interpret
δ13C and Δδ13C variations, a good
understanding is needed of the influence from ocean circulation, air–sea gas
exchange and biological productivity on these variations. The Southern Ocean
is a key region for these processes, and we show here that Δδ13C in all ocean basins is sensitive to changes in the
biogeochemical state of the Southern Ocean. We conduct a set of idealised
sensitivity experiments with the ocean biogeochemistry general circulation
model HAMOCC2s to explore the effect of biogeochemical state changes of the
Southern and Global Ocean on atmospheric δ13C,
pCO2, and marine δ13C and Δδ13C. The experiments cover changes in air–sea gas exchange rates,
particulate organic carbon sinking rates, sea ice cover, and nutrient uptake
efficiency in an unchanged ocean circulation field. Our experiments show
that global mean Δδ13C varies by up to about ±0.35 ‰ around the pre-industrial model reference (1.2 ‰) in response to biogeochemical change. The amplitude
of this sensitivity can be larger at smaller scales, as seen from a maximum
sensitivity of about −0.6 ‰ on ocean basin scale. The
ocean's oldest water (North Pacific) responds most to biological changes, the
young deep water (North Atlantic) responds strongly to air–sea gas exchange
changes, and the vertically well-mixed water (SO) has a low or even reversed
Δδ13C sensitivity compared to the other basins. This
local Δδ13C sensitivity depends on the local
thermodynamic disequilibrium and the Δδ13C sensitivity
to local POC export production changes. The direction of both glacial
(intensification of Δδ13C) and interglacial (weakening of
Δδ13C) Δδ13C change matches the
direction of the sensitivity of biogeochemical processes associated with
these periods. This supports the idea that biogeochemistry likely explains
part of the reconstructed variations in Δδ13C, in
addition to changes in ocean circulation.
Flood Risk in a Range of Spatial Perspectives – from Global to Local
Authors: Kundzewicz Zbigniew W. , Su Buda , Wang Yanjun , Wang Guojie , Wang Guofu , Jiang Tong
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The present paper examines flood risk (composed of hazard, exposure and vulnerability) in a range of spatial perspectives – from the global to the local scale. It deals with observed records, noting that flood damage has been increasing. It also tackles projections for the future, related to flood hazard and flood losses. There are multiple factors driving flood hazard and flood risk and there is a considerable uncertainty in our assessments, and particularly in projections for the future. Further, this paper analyses options for flood risk reduction in several spatial dimensions, from global framework to regional to local scales. It is necessary to continue examination of the updated records of flood-related indices, trying to search for changes that influence flood hazard and flood risk in river basins.
A global comparison of community-based responses to natural hazards
Authors: Paterson Barbara , Charles Anthony
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Community-based disaster preparedness is an important component of disaster management. Knowledge of interventions that communities utilise in response to hazards is important to develop local-level capacity and increase community resilience. This paper systematically examines empirical information about local level responses to hazards based on peer reviewed, published case studies. We developed a data set based on 188 articles providing information from 318 communities from all regions of the world. We classified response examples to address four key questions: (i) What kinds of responses are used by communities all over the world? (ii) Do communities in different parts of the world use different kinds of responses? (iii) Are communities using hazard-specific responses? (iv) Are communities using a multi-hazard approach? We found that within an extensive literature on hazards, there is relatively little empirical information about community-based responses to hazards. Across the world, responses aiming at securing basic human needs are the most frequently reported kinds of responses. Although the notion of community-based disaster preparedness is gaining importance, very few examples of responses that draw on the social fabric of communities are reported. Specific regions of the world are lacking in their use of certain hazard responses classes. Although an all-hazards approach for disaster preparedness is increasingly recommended, there is a lack of multi-hazard response approaches on the local level.
Competition between Chaotic Advection and Diffusion: Stirring and Mixing in a 3D Eddy Model
Authors: Brett Genevieve Jay , Pratt Larry , Rypina Irina , Wang Peng
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The importance of chaotic advection relative to turbulent diffusion is investigated in an idealized model of a 3D swirling and overturning ocean eddy. Various measures of stirring and mixing are examined in order to determine when and where chaotic advection is relevant. Turbulence is alternatively represented by: 1) an explicit, observation–based, scale–dependent eddy diffusivity, 2) stochastic noise, added to a deterministic velocity field, or 3) explicit and implicit diffusion in a spectral numerical model of Navier–Stokes equations. Lagrangian chaos in our model occurs only within distinct regions of the eddy, including a large chaotic ‘sea’ that fills much of the volume near the perimeter and central axis of the eddy, and much smaller ‘resonant’ bands. The size and distribution of these regions depends on factors such as the degree of axial asymmetry of the eddy and the Ekman number. The relative importance of chaotic advection and turbulent diffusion within the chaotic regions is quantified using three measures: the ratio of the tracer filament arrest scale to the width of the chaotic region, the rate of dispersal of closely spaced fluid parcels, and the Nakamura effective diffusivity. The role of chaotic advection in the stirring of a passive tracer is generally found to be most important within the larger chaotic ‘seas’, at intermediate times, with small diffusivities, and for eddies with strong asymmetry. In contrast, in thin chaotic regions, turbulent diffusion at oceanographically relevant rates is at least as important as chaotic advection. Future work should address anisotropic and spatially–varying representations of turbulence for more realistic models.
El devenir feminista de la acción colectiva. Las multitudes conectadas y la nueva ola transnacional contra las violencias machistas en red
Authors: Rovira Sancho Guiomar
Published: December 2018

Desde el ciclo de las multitudes conectadas que arranca en 2011 con la Primavera Árabe o el 15M en el estado español, el #YoSoy132 en México en 2012 o #NuitDebout en Paris en 2016, las manifestaciones en las plazas alumbraron un devenir feminista de la acción colectiva que es simultánemante in situ y online (es decir, “onlife”). Los programas, la pertenencia identitaria, la adscripción a organizaciones y las figuras de liderazgo masculino han estado menos presentes que nun ca en estas protestas que con todas sus variantes comparten la exigencia democrática de tomar las riendas de la vida común. En el mismo sentido, aparecen nuevas politizaciones feministas que rompen los límites de las militancias, con llamados a la acción que no reconocen autoridad y que se expanden como constelaciones performativas. En 2016 y 2017, la ola de movilización global más relevante es precisamente esta andanada de nuevos feminismos transnacionales que irrumpen en las calles y en las redes poniendo la vulnerabilidad del cuerpo como base de la política, denunciando las violencias, y autoconvocándose a través de hashtags como la #PrimaveraVioleta en México en 2016, lemas como Ni Una Menos en 2017 o la Huelga de Mujeres en 2017 y 2018. Analizar las caracterísiticas de esta “feministización” de la política contenciosa es el objetivo de este artículo.
Editorial
Authors: Nuñez Puente Sonia , Fernández Romero Diana , Farné Alessandra
Published: December 2018

Este número auna trabajos que reflexionen sobre representaciones que construyen una escena narrativa que posibilite una lectura política de las víctimas de la violencia de género. La intención es abordar la innovación que supone desestabilizar los marcos hegemónicos de representación de la mujer víctima de violencia a partir del diálogo que se establece entre los modos de representación innovadores del feminismo online y los de las narrativas de la cultura popular.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, Vol. 7 No. 4
Authors: Young Jenny
Published: December 2018

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development (EMSD) would like to thank the following reviewers for reviewing manuscripts from August 1, 2018, to November 1, 2018. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Many authors, regardless of whether EMSD publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Macrothink Institute appreciates the following reviewers’ rigorous and conscientious efforts for this journal. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review during this period. Amirnezam Barati, IranChristiane do Nascimento Monte, BrazilDr Hebin Lin, USAElham Mohamed, EgyptFarooq Sher, United KingdomHengky Halim, MalaysiaPankaj Maheshwari, USASaid Jaouadi, Saudi ArabiaSokchhay Heng, Cambodia
Analysts’ Forecasts, the Abandonment Option and Intellectual Capital
Authors: Jarrett Jeffrey E.
Published: December 2018

The abandonment option under various capital budgeting models are discussed in this manuscript to bring forth the notion that present value of cash flows is often improperly estimated in the financial models utilized in the decision analytic process. In this study, Intellectual Property Rights and other intangible assets often are not considered in accounting estimation processes utilized in financial accounting. A decision maker often utilizes misestimates of the present value of cash flow resulting in less than optimum capital budgeting decisions. Decisions to abandon for salvage and other similar decisions improve when the present value of intangibles and property rights are included in the decision process. This last statement is the goal of this study and to present well founded processes to improve abandonment and similar decisions in capital budgeting decisions. The estimation problem in financial accounting is included in the analysis to accomplish this goal.
Surveillance urodynamics for neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction: A systematic review
Authors: Kavanagh Alex , Akhavizadegan Hamed , Walter Matthias , Stothers Lynn , Welk Blayne , Boone Timothy B.
Published: December 2018

Introduction: Baseline urodynamic characterization in patients with neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction (NLUTD) allows detection of unsafe storage and voiding pressures and optimization of these parameters through medical or surgical intervention. Surveillance urodynamics (sUDS) studies are performed in the ambulatory setting after baseline characterization, with the goal of monitoring bladder function. How often this study should be performed and the circumstances that should prompt repeated studies are unknown. The primary objective of this review is to evaluate the evidence supporting sUDS in the setting of NLUTD as assessed by whether the study leads to 1) change in patient management; 2) determination of new findings not suggested by imaging or symptoms; and 3) demonstration of superior outcomes compared to observation. The secondary objective is to review sUDS practice patterns among urologists in their assessment of NLUTD.
Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were reviewed for English-language literature published between January 1975 and March 2018.
Results: Twenty-eight independent articles (1368 patients, 9486 patient-years of followup) were included. Given heterogeneous data, 49% of 263 subjects were asymptomatic, yet demonstrated sUDS abnormality prompting treatment. Eight cross-sectional studies (four spinal cord injury [SCI], two NLUTD, two spina bifida) surveyed urologists regarding current sUDS patterns; 53% of 498 respondents perform sUDS between one and three years.
Conclusions: Evidence supporting optimal surveillance for NLUTD is lacking. Level 2b‒4 evidence suggests that sUDS is likely to modify patient treatment and often demonstrates findings that modify treatment in the absence of symptoms or imaging changes.
Van toezicht op kwaliteit naar toezicht op bestuur
Authors: Bokhorst Meike , van Genugten Marieke , Oude Vrielink Mirjan , Schillemans Thomas
Published: December 2018

Governance based inspection: from inspection on quality to inspection on governance

In Dutch semi-public sectors of education, healthcare, and housing there is a tendency towards governance based inspection. The attention of inspectorates shifts from inspection on minimum quality standards to inspection on governance based quality improvement. The aim of this special issue is to learn more about the opportunities and risks of governance based inspection. The survey and sector articles show that governance based inspection (1) puts the responsibility of governors to stimulate quality on the agenda, (2) makes governors more aware of the quality targets they want to achieve within their organisations, and (3) has a deregulating effect. However, the risks are (1) reregulation via sector norms, (2) a lack of reality checks, and (3) a narrow focus on governors instead of the quality of public services. Consequently, inspectors have to learn new skills and competences. All in all, governance based inspection can complement but not replace other ways of inspection.
Het vernieuwde toezicht in het onderwijs
Authors: Honingh Marlies , Ehren Melanie , van Montfort Cor
Published: December 2018

The renewed work approach of the Netherlands Inspectorate of education

This paper presents the policy theory of the Dutch Inspectorate of Education’s 2017 framework. The framework includes a set of indicators and working methods for the inspections of school boards which are expected to lead to improved quality and organizational learning of the schools and colleges within each board’s portfolio. Inspection feedback, quality assurance, stakeholder involvement and governance are the key mechanisms through which customized inspections are assumed to affect change. These customized inspections start from a set of legal requirements schools and colleges have to meet, but add inspections modules which are agreed on with each school board at the start of an inspection visit. As these inspections are currently being implemented, there is no evidence yet on the validity of these assumptions.
Diversiteit in bestuurskundig perspectief
Authors: Çelik Saniye
Published: December 2018

Diversity from the perspectve of public adminstration

In practice, diversity interventions do not always appear to be effective. One argument is that there is little or no match between the perspectives of public organizations on diversity and the interventions used. This article provides an overview of the underlying rationales for diversity policy and discusses the perspectives on diversity from the diversity literature, HRM, and management literature and how these overlap, complement each other and differ from each other. What these perspectives have in common is that they all emphasize the added value of diversity. In the diversity literature, the emphasis is on the four perspectives equality, legitimacy, creativity, and the labour market. HRM literature focusses on managing differences. In public administration, there is a shift from active representation by individuals to connecting by all employees. Furthermore, the binding perspective is gaining more and more importance in the public domain because it may be possible to close the gap between the government and its citizen. This perspective emphasizes the importance of the long-term relationship with citizens to strengthen the trust of citizens in the government for realizing social tasks and responsibilities. It makes diversity an issue for all employees. For Hassan and Havva, and also for Hans and Hanna.
Drie jaar nieuwe arbitragewet: tien suggesties voor verbetering
Authors: Peters Niek
Published: December 2018

Drie jaar nieuwe arbitragewet: tien suggesties voor verbetering

In dit artikel worden tien suggesties gedaan ter verbetering van de nieuwe arbitragewet.
De tweeconclusieregel en beginselen van burgerlijk procesrecht
Authors: Kroes Frank
Published: December 2018

De tweeconclusieregel en beginselen van burgerlijk procesrecht

Beginselen van behoorlijk procesrecht nemens sinds de dagen van Van Boneval Faure een plaats in in het burgerlijk procesrecht en winnen nog steeds aan belang. Aan de tweeconclusieregel, die de mogelijkheden om de rechtsstrijd in hoger beroep te wijzigen of uit te breiden aan banden legt, liggen met name de beginselen ten grondslag van toegang tot de rechter, hoor en wederhoor, berechting binnen een redelijke termijn en de partijautonomie. Ook de uitzonderingen op de regel laten zich goed verklaren uit beginselen van behoorlijk procesrecht.
La casa i la ciutat en Josep Puig i Cadafalch. De la casa Amatller (1898-1900) a la casa Casarramona (1921-1924)
Authors: Rosselló Maribel
Published: December 2018

Les cases Amatller i Casarramona representen dos plantejaments diferents respecte a la relació entre la casa i la ciutat en Puig i Cadafalch. Són dos projectes que sintetitzen contundentment l’evolució del pensament i la tasca de l’arquitecte i que ens permeten entendre la implicació urbana de molts altres habitatges.Una implicació urbana que no planteja de la mateixa manera al llarg de la seva trajectòria professional. A començament del segle XX, les obres que fa a Barcelona constitueixen un manifest contra la monotonia i l’homogeneïtat de l’Eixample i, sobretot, contra les eines de gestió utilitzades per portar-lo a terme. Als anys vint, en canvi, les edificacions que realitza accepten el rol urbà i assumeixen la seva expressió cívica a través del classicisme. Dues lectures que es palesen clarament a través de les dues cases construïdes amb vint anys de diferència i, paradoxalment, situades l’una davant de l’altra al passeig de Gràcia. Totes dues obres són reformes d’edificis existents pràcticament idèntics i en els quals Puig intervé de manera molt distinta. En aquest article mostrem, a partir de l’anàlisi dels projectes originals i de les intervencions realitzades per l’arquitecte, com es transformen tots dos immobles per donar cabuda a uns habitatges singulars. Dues solucions que mostren una manera diferent d’entendre la realitat urbana, que ens permeten visualitzar canvis significatius en el plantejament disciplinari de l’edifici residencial urbà representatiu i, per últim, que evidencien com canvien els valors i els costums vinculats a les dues cases al llarg dels vint anys que les separen.
A qualitative study of clinical decision-making in a multidisciplinary outpatient clinic for patients with atrial fibrillation - from the patient’s perspective
Authors: Thrysoee Lars , Birkelund Lisbeth , Birkelund Regner
Published: December 2018

Background: International studies show that patient involvement in clinical decision-making has a positive effect on patients’ experiences of quality and on their adherence to the initiated treatment. Studies also demonstrate that patients are becoming more interested in engaging in decision-making processes. While patient involvement in decision-making plays an important role in the newest European guidelines for treatment of patients with atrial fibrillation, recent research points to the challenges associated with this ideal. The aim of the present study was to determine how patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation experienced the clinical decision-making process in outpatient treatment courses.Methods: The study had a qualitative research design. Data were generated by means of fieldwork in which the researcher participated in outpatient consultations with participating patients. Field notes were supplemented with semi-structured individual interviews. Fourteen patients (7 women and 7 men) between the ages of 40 to 82 were included. The empirical data were analyzed and interpreted according to Ricoeur’s interpretation theory.Results: Three main themes were identified: (1) Lack of prerequisites for patient involvement in decision-making at the first consultation; (2) Limited patient involvement in the anticoagulant choice and (3) Lack of follow-up on the patient’s understanding of illness and treatment. Conclusion: The data showed that the medical aspects of the patients’ illness were most often the focus of attention, whereas the patients’ own experiences, needs and preferences were not systematically included in the decision-making process.
Home-based service for enzyme replacement therapy in lysosomal storage disorders: patient reported outcomes
Authors: Tirelli Paolo , Giona Fiorina , Di Rocco Maja , Cassinerio Elena , Pisani Antonio , Pieruzzi Federico , Veroux Massimiliano , Giudici Gino Alberto , Cipriani Filippo
Published: December 2018

Background:  Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) are a heterogeneous group of rare chronic genetic conditions. The standard-of-care treatment for LSDs is hospital-based infusion of enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), however, over time this can be stressful and inconvenient. The Italian TuTor program, established in 2011 by Sanofi Genzyme, is a professional nursing service providing home-based ERT to patients with LSDs.Objectives:  The current questionnaire-based study was conducted to investigate the level of patient satisfaction with theTuTor program and to shed light on disease perception.Methods:  Patients were enrolled in the TuTor program from 2011 onwards. The first 100 patients enrolled were interviewed at baseline with follow-up interviews conducted at 6, 12 and 18 months.Results: Overall, 52 patients were female; 46 had Gaucher’s disease, 46 had Fabry disease and 8 had mucopolysaccharidosis type 1. Patients took on average >2 hours to receive hospital-based ERT, plus time associated with the infusion; 2 out of 3 patients needed a caregiver to travel to the hospital. After receiving home-based ERT for 6 months, 37% of patients considered their quality of life ‘greatly improved’ (60% at 18 months). Overall, 99% to 100% of patients rated the home-based nursing service as ‘positive’ or ‘very positive’ and reported that they would recommend the service to other patients with their condition.Conclusions: For patients with LSDs eligible for ERT, a disease-specific home-based nursing service increased their perception of quality of life over a hospital-based service and was advantageous in terms of their time and expenditure.
Učitelská self-efficacy při práci s dětmi-cizinci v širších souvislostech
Authors: Záleská Klára , Leix Alicja
Published: December 2018

Předkládaná studie se zabývá tématem self-efficacy učitelů českých základních škol v práci s dětmi-cizinci a faktory, které ji ovlivňují. Odpověď na výzkumnou otázku, jaká je self-efficacy učitelů v této oblasti, jsme získávaly pomocí analýzy polostrukturovaných rozhovorů s učiteli s různě velkou zkušeností s výukou dětí-cizinců. Výpovědi učitelů jsme analyzovaly mj. s přihlédnutím k základním bodům charakterizujícím chování učitele s vysokým self-efficacy, které jsme sestavily na základě rešerše odborné literatury. Šetření ukázalo řadu faktorů, které hrají roli v tom, jak učitel vnímá svou schopnost práce s dětmi-cizinci, mj. to, že důležitou roli hraje míra zkušeností učitelů s výukou cizinců. Self-efficacy učitelů negativně ovlivňují jejich obavy, a to především obavy z práce s dětmi s nulovou znalostí českého jazyka a s dětmi pocházejícími ze vzdálených kultur. Dotazovaní sami poukazují na možné způsoby, jak zvýšit svou self-efficacy v diskutovaných oblastech. Mezi návrhy jsou např. přípravné třídy pro děti-cizince bez znalosti češtiny či posílení vzdělávání učitelů v několika konkrétních oblastech týkajících se praktických aspektů práce v kulturně nehomogenní třídě.