bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stochastic Optimization for Network-Constrained Power System Scheduling Problem
Authors: Teshome D. F. , Correia P. F. , Lian K. L.
Published: October 2015

The stochastic nature of demand and wind generation has a considerable effect on solving the scheduling problem of a modern power system. Network constraints such as power flow equations and transmission capacities also need to be considered for a comprehensive approach to model renewable energy integration and analyze generation system flexibility. Firstly, this paper accounts for the stochastic inputs in such a way that the uncertainties are modeled as normally distributed forecast errors. The forecast errors are then superimposed on the outputs of load and wind forecasting tools. Secondly, it efficiently models the network constraints and tests an iterative algorithm and a piecewise linear approximation for representing transmission losses in mixed integer linear programming (MILP). It also integrates load shedding according to priority factors set by the system operator. Moreover, the different interactions among stochastic programming, network constraints, and prioritized load shedding are thoroughly investigated in the paper. The stochastic model is tested on a power system adopted from Jeju Island, South Korea. Results demonstrate the impact of wind speed variability and network constraints on the flexibility of the generation system. Further analysis shows the effect of loss modeling approaches on total cost, accuracy, computational time, and memory requirement.
Enhancing Image Denoising Performance of Bidimensional Empirical Mode Decomposition by Improving the Edge Effect
Authors: An Feng-Ping , Lin Da-Chao , Zhou Xian-Wei , Sun Zhihui
Published: October 2015

Bidimensional empirical mode decomposition (BEMD) algorithm, with high adaptive ability, provides a suitable tool for the noisy image processing, and, however, the edge effect involved in its operation gives rise to a problem—how to obtain reliable decomposition results to effectively remove noises from the image. Accordingly, we propose an approach to deal with the edge effect caused by BEMD in the decomposition of an image signal and then to enhance its denoising performance. This approach includes two steps, in which the first one is an extrapolation operation through the regression model constructed by the support vector machine (SVM) method with high generalization ability, based on the information of the original signal, and the second is an expansion by the closed-end mirror expansion technique with respect to the extrema nearest to and beyond the edge of the data resulting from the first operation. Applications to remove the Gaussian white noise, salt and pepper noise, and random noise from the noisy images show that the edge effect of the BEMD can be improved effectively by the proposed approach to meet requirement of the reliable decomposition results. They also illustrate a good denoising effect of the BEMD by improving the edge effect on the basis of the proposed approach. Additionally, the denoised image preserves information details sufficiently and also enlarges the peak signal-to-noise ratio.
Analysis ofPolygala tenuifoliaTranscriptome and Description of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Pathways by Illumina Sequencing
Authors: Tian Hongling , Xu Xiaoshuang , Zhang Fusheng , Wang Yaoqin , Guo Shuhong , Qin Xuemei , Du Guanhua
Published: October 2015

Radix polygalae, the dried roots ofPolygala tenuifoliaandP. sibirica, is one of the most well-known traditional Chinese medicinal plants. Radix polygalae contains various saponins, xanthones, and oligosaccharide esters and these compounds are responsible for several pharmacological properties. To provide basic breeding information, enhance molecular biological analysis, and determine secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways ofP. tenuifolia, we applied Illumina sequencing technology and de novo assembly. We also applied this technique to gain an overview ofP. tenuifoliatranscriptome from samples with different years. Using Illumina sequencing, approximately 67.2% of unique sequences were annotated by basic local alignment search tool similarity searches against public sequence databases. We classified the annotated unigenes by using Nr, Nt, GO, COG, and KEGG databases compared with NCBI. We also obtained many candidates CYP450s and UGTs by the analysis of genes in the secondary metabolite biosynthetic pathways, including putative terpenoid backbone and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway. With this transcriptome sequencing, future genetic and genomics studies related to the molecular mechanisms associated with the chemical composition ofP. tenuifoliamay be improved. Genes involved in the enrichment of secondary metabolite biosynthesis-related pathways could enhance the potential applications ofP. tenuifoliain pharmaceutical industries.
NMFBFS: A NMF-Based Feature Selection Method in Identifying Pivotal Clinical Symptoms of Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Ji Zhiwei , Meng Guanmin , Huang Deshuang , Yue Xiaoqiang , Wang Bing
Published: October 2015

Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), with the characteristics of syndrome differentiation, plays an important role in the comprehensive treatment of HCC. This study aims to develop a nonnegative matrix factorization- (NMF-) based feature selection approach (NMFBFS) to identify potential clinical symptoms for HCC patient stratification.Methods. The NMFBFS approach consisted of three major steps. Firstly, statistics-based preliminary feature screening was designed to detect and remove irrelevant symptoms. Secondly, NMF was employed to infer redundant symptoms. Based on NMF-derived basis matrix, we defined a novelsimilarity measurement of intersymptoms. Finally, we converted each group of redundant symptoms to a new single feature so that the dimension was further reduced.Results. Based on a clinical dataset consisting of 407 patient samples of HCC with 57 symptoms, NMFBFS approach detected 8 irrelevant symptoms and then identified 16 redundant symptoms within 6 groups. Finally, an optimal feature subset with 39 clinical features was generated after compressing the redundant symptoms by groups. The validation of classification performance shows that these 39 features obviously improve the prediction accuracy of HCC patients.Conclusions. Compared with other methods, NMFBFS has obvious advantages in identifying important clinical features of HCC.
A Nomogram to Predict Prognostic Value of Red Cell Distribution Width in Patients with Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Chen Gui-Ping , Huang Ying , Yang Xun , Feng Ji-Feng
Published: October 2015

Objectives. The prognostic value of inflammatory index in esophageal cancer (EC) was not established. In the present study, we initially used a nomogram to predict prognostic value of red cell distribution width (RDW) in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). Methods. A total of 277 ESCC patients were included in this retrospective study. Kaplan‐Meier method was used to calculate the cancer‐specific survival (CSS). A nomogram was established to predict the prognosis for CSS. Results. The mean value of RDW was 14.5 ± 2.3%. The patients were then divided into two groups: RDW ≥ 14.5% and RDW < 14.5%. Patients with RDW < 14.5% had a significantly better 5‐year CSS than patients with RDW ≥ 14.5% (43.9% versus 23.3%, P < 0.001). RDW was an independent prognostic factor in patients with ESCC (P = 0.036). A nomogram could be more accurate for CSS. Harrell’s c‐index for CSS prediction was 0.68. Conclusion. RDW was a potential prognostic biomarker in patients with ESCC. The nomogram based on CSS could be used as an accurately prognostic prediction for patients with ESCC.
Population Diversity ofCampylobacter jejuniin Poultry and Its Dynamic of Contamination in Chicken Meat
Authors: Marotta Francesca , Garofolo Giuliano , Di Donato Guido , Aprea Giuseppe , Platone Ilenia , Cianciavicchia Silvia , Alessiani Alessandra , Di Giannatale Elisabetta
Published: October 2015

This study aimed to analyse the diversity of theCampylobacter jejunipopulation in broilers and to evaluate the major source of contamination in poultry meat. Eight rearing cycles over one year provided samples from three different broiler farms processed at the same slaughterhouse. A total of 707  C. jejuniwere isolated from cloacal swabs before slaughter and from the breast skin of carcasses after slaughter and after chilling. All suspectedCampylobactercolonies were identified with PCR assays andC. jejuniwas genotyped by sequence analysis of theflaAshort variable region (SVR) and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) usingSmaIenzyme. Phenotypic antibiotic resistance profiles were also assayed using minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The flocks carried many majorC. jejuniclones possibly carrying over the rearing cycles, but cross contamination between farms may happen. Many isolates were resistant to fluoroquinolones, raising an issue of high public concern. SpecificCampylobacterpopulations could be harboured within each poultry farm, with the ability to contaminate chickens during each new cycle. Thus, although biosecurity measures are applied, with a persistent source of contamination, they cannot be efficient. The role of the environment needs further investigation to better address strategies to controlCampylobacter.
Chaotification for a Class of Delay Difference Equations Based on Snap-Back Repellers
Authors: Li Zongcheng , Liu Shutang , Li Wei , Zhao Qingli
Published: October 2015

We study the chaotification
problem for a class of delay difference equations by using the
snap-back repeller theory and the feedback control approach. We
first study the stability and expansion of fixed points and
establish a criterion of chaos. Then, based on this criterion of
chaos and the feedback control approach, we establish a
chaotification scheme such that the controlled system is chaotic in
the sense of both Devaney and Li-Yorke when the parameters of this
system satisfy some mild conditions. For illustrating the
theoretical result, we give some computer simulations.
Cd2+ Exchange for Na+ and K+ in the Interlayer of Montmorillonite: Experiment and Molecular Simulation
Authors: Mei Lefu , Tao Huashang , He Chao , Xin Xuebing , Liao Libing , Wu Limei , Lv Guocheng
Published: October 2015

Montmorillonite (Mt) has high cation exchange capacity and thus has been studied extensively for its cation exchange interactions with other cations. However, molecular simulations for the forces governing the cation exchange on Mt surfaces or in the interlayer spaces were limited. In this study, Mt with K+ and Na+ in the interlayer spaces was tested for its cation exchange with Cd2+ in solution and the forces driving the cation exchange reaction were simulated by molecular simulations. The experimental results showed that Na+ in Na + Mt was completely exchanged by Cd2+, while only 50% of K+ in K + Mt was exchanged by Cd2+. A larger d‐value was noticed for Na + Mt in comparison to K + Mt, suggesting that the interlayer space is more hydrated with Na+ as the interlayer space cation. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed a larger energy decrease when Cd2+ substitutes K+. However, the nice fit of the K+ into the 12‐coordinated interlayer space sites may restrict its hydration and thus reduce its interlayer space cation exchange capability by Cd2+.
Subdural Empyema Complicating Bacterial Meningitis: A Challenging Diagnosis in a Patient with Polysubstance Abuse
Authors: Dakkak Melissa , Cullinane William Russell , Ramoutar Virin Rajiv Neil
Published: October 2015

Subdural empyema (SDE) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA) are uncommon life-threatening complications of bacterial meningitis, which require urgent neurosurgical intervention to prevent adverse outcomes. Clinicians must be vigilant of the onset of focal neurologic deficits or seizure activity to establish the diagnosis of SDE.Streptococcus pneumoniaeaccounts for <1% of pyogenic brain abscesses. This case describes a presentation of community acquired pneumococcal pneumonia in which the diagnosis of SDE with vasculitis induced CVA was confounded by concomitant substance abuse and sedation.
Strain Driven Phase Decomposition in Ion‐Beam Sputtered Pr1−XCaXMnO3 Films
Authors: Ifland Benedikt , Hoffmann Joerg , Kramer Thilo , Scherff Malte , Mildner Stephanie , Jooss Christian
Published: October 2015

The deposition of heteroepitaxial thin films on single crystalline substrates by means of physical deposition methods is commonly accompanied by mechanical strain due to lattice mismatch and defect generation. Here we present a detailed analysis of the influence of strain on the Mn solubility of Pr1−XCaXMnO3 thin films prepared by ion‐beam sputtering. Combining results from X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and in situ hot‐stage stress measurements, we give strong evidence that large tensile strain during deposition limits the Mn solubility range of the Perovskite phase to near‐stoichiometric composition. Mn excess gives rise to MnOz precipitates and the precipitation seems to represent a stress relaxation path. With respect to size and density of the precipitates, the relaxation process can be affected by the choice of substrate and the deposition parameters, that is, the deposition temperature and the used sputter gas.
Effects of Tai Chi and Walking Exercises on Weight Loss, Metabolic Syndrome Parameters, and Bone Mineral Density: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hui Stanley Sai-Chuen , Xie Yao Jie , Woo Jean , Kwok Timothy Chi-Yui
Published: October 2015

Tai Chi and walking are both moderate-intensity physical activity (PA) that can be easily practiced in daily life. The objective of the study was to determine the effects of these two PAs on weight loss, metabolic syndrome parameters, and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese adults. We randomized 374 middle-aged subjects (45.8 ± 5.3 years) into 12-week training (45 minutes per day, 5 days per week) of Tai Chi(n=124)or self-paced walking(n=121)or control group(n=129). On average, Tai Chi and walking groups lost 0.50 and 0.76 kg of body weight and 0.47 and 0.59 kg of fat mass after intervention, respectively. The between-group difference of waist circumference (WC) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) was −3.7 cm and −0.18 mmol/L for Tai Chi versus control and −4.1 cm and −0.22 mmol/L for walking versus control. No significant differences were observed regarding lean mass, blood pressure, triglycerides, total cholesterol, high-density and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and BMD compared to control. Change in lean mass, not fat mass or total weight loss, was significantly correlated to the change in BMD. Our results suggest that both of these two PAs can produce moderate weight loss and significantly improve the WC and FBG in Hong Kong Chinese adults, with no additional effects on BMD.
Mithramycin Depletes Specificity Protein 1 and Activates p53 to Mediate Senescence and Apoptosis of Malignant Pleural Mesothelioma Cells
Authors: Rao Mahadev , Atay Scott M. , Shukla Vivek , Hong Young , Upham Trevor , Ripley R. Taylor , Hong Julie A. , Zhang Mary , Reardon Emily , Fetsch Patricia , Miettinen Markku , Li Xinmin , Peer Cody J. , Sissung Tristan , Figg William D. , De Rienzo Assunta , Bueno Raphael , Schrump David S.
Published: October 2015

Purpose: Specificity protein 1 (SP1) is an oncogenic transcription factor overexpressed in various human malignancies. This study sought to examine SP1 expression in malignant pleural mesotheliomas (MPM) and ascertain the potential efficacy of targeting SP1 in these neoplasms.

Experimental Design: qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate SP1 expression in cultured MPM cells and MPM specimens and normal mesothelial cells/pleura. MTS, chemotaxis, soft agar, β-galactosidase, and Apo-BrdUrd techniques were used to assess proliferation, migration, clonogenicity, senescence, and apoptosis in MPM cells following SP1 knockdown, p53 overexpression, or mithramycin treatment. Murine subcutaneous and intraperitoneal xenograft models were used to examine effects of mithramycin on MPM growth in vivo. Microarray, qRT-PCR, immunoblotting, and chromatin immunoprecipitation techniques were used to examine gene expression profiles mediated by mithramycin and combined SP1 knockdown/p53 overexpression and correlate these changes with SP1 and p53 levels within target gene promoters.

Results: MPM cells and tumors exhibited higher SP1 mRNA and protein levels relative to control cells/tissues. SP1 knockdown significantly inhibited proliferation, migration, and clonogenicity of MPM cells. Mithramycin depleted SP1 and activated p53, dramatically inhibiting proliferation and clonogenicity of MPM cells. Intraperitoneal mithramycin significantly inhibited growth of subcutaneous MPM xenografts and completely eradicated mesothelioma carcinomatosis in 75% of mice. Mithramycin modulated genes mediating oncogene signaling, cell-cycle regulation, senescence, and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. The growth-inhibitory effects of mithramycin in MPM cells were recapitulated by combined SP1 knockdown/p53 overexpression.

Conclusions: These findings provide preclinical rationale for phase II evaluation of mithramycin in patients with mesothelioma. Clin Cancer Res; 22(5); 1197–210. ©2015 AACR.
Results of the Phase I Trial of RG7112, a Small-Molecule MDM2 Antagonist in Leukemia
Authors: Andreeff Michael , Kelly Kevin R. , Yee Karen , Assouline Sarit , Strair Roger , Popplewell Leslie , Bowen David , Martinelli Giovanni , Drummond Mark W. , Vyas Paresh , Kirschbaum Mark , Iyer Swaminathan Padmanabhan , Ruvolo Vivian , González Graciela M. Nogueras , Huang Xuelin , Chen Gong , Graves Bradford , Blotner Steven , Bridge Peter , Jukofsky Lori , Middleton Steve , Reckner Monica , Rueger Ruediger , Zhi Jianguo , Nichols Gwen , Kojima Kensuke
Published: October 2015

Purpose: RG7112 is a small-molecule MDM2 antagonist. MDM2 is a negative regulator of the tumor suppressor p53 and frequently overexpressed in leukemias. Thus, a phase I study of RG7112 in patients with hematologic malignancies was conducted.

Experimental Design: Primary study objectives included determination of the dose and safety profile of RG7112. Secondary objectives included evaluation of pharmacokinetics; pharmacodynamics, such as TP53-mutation status and MDM2 expression; and preliminary clinical activity. Patients were divided into two cohorts: Stratum A [relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML; except acute promyelocytic leukemia), acute lymphoblastic leukemia, and chronic myelogenous leukemia] and Stratum B (relapsed/refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small cell lymphocytic leukemia; CLL/sCLL). Some Stratum A patients were treated at the MTD to assess clinical activity.

Results: RG7112 was administered to 116 patients (96 patients in Stratum A and 20 patients in Stratum B). All patients experienced at least 1 adverse event, and 3 dose-limiting toxicities were reported. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated that twice-daily dosing enhanced daily exposure. Antileukemia activity was observed in the 30 patients with AML assessed at the MTD, including 5 patients who met International Working Group (IWG) criteria for response. Exploratory analysis revealed TP53 mutations in 14% of Stratum A patients and in 40% of Stratum B patients. Two patients with TP53 mutations exhibited clinical activity. p53 target genes were induced only in TP53 wild-type leukemic cells. Baseline expression levels of MDM2 correlated positively with clinical response.

Conclusions: RG7112 demonstrated clinical activity against relapsed/refractory AML and CLL/sCLL. MDM2 inhibition resulted in p53 stabilization and transcriptional activation of p53-target genes. We provide proof-of-concept that MDM2 inhibition restores p53 function and generates clinical responses in hematologic malignancies. Clin Cancer Res; 22(4); 868–76. ©2015 AACR.
Cutaneous Adverse Drug Reactions with Antimalarials and Allergological Skin Tests
Authors: Soria Angèle , Barbaud Annick , Assier Haudrey , Avenel-Audran Martine , Tétart Florence , Raison-Peyron Nadia , Amarger Stéphanie , Girardin Pascal , Francès Camille ,   FISARD (French Investigators for Skin Adverse Reaction to Drugs)
Published: October 2015

Background: Currently used antimalarial drugs (AM) are hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine, which are prescribed for many autoimmune disorders. The value of skin tests on cutaneous adverse drug reactions (CADR) with AM remains unknown. Objective: The main objective of this retrospective study is to know whether skin tests for AM are useful and how to manage the recovery of AM therapy in these patients. Methods: All patients referred for suspected CADR secondary to AM between 2001 and 2014 in eight French dermatology centers were retrospectively reviewed. Results: We report herein a retrospective series of 20 patients with CADR and AM involvement. Skin tests, performed in 14/20 patients, were negative in all cases. Six patients had an oral provocation test with recurrence of CADR in 1 case. Conclusion: We encourage dermatologists to perform oral provocation tests in nonsevere CADR in order to allow AM rechallenge at progressive doses.
Spontaneous Extrusion of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Catheter through the Right Lumbar Region: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Oktay Kadir , Erkoc Yavuz Selim , Ethemoglu Kadri Burak , Olguner Semih Kivanc , Sarac Mustafa Emre
Published: October 2015

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt surgery is the most frequently performed procedure in the management of hydrocephalus. Many varied complications related to this procedure have been reported. Distal migration of the peritoneal catheter and extrusion from the intact skin in an area unrelated to the surgical incision constitute a rare complication. We report a 1-year-old patient with the extrusion of the peritoneal catheter from the intact skin in the right lumbar region and present a literature review.
Dermal Sinus Tract of the Thoracic Spine Presenting with Intramedullary Abscess and Cranial Nerve Deficits
Authors: Papaevangelou Georgios , Tsitsopoulos Parmenion P. , Flaris Nikolaos , Iliadis Charalampos , Tsonidis Christos
Published: October 2015

Congenital dermal sinus tract of the spine is an unusual developmental defect which represents a failure of the surface ectoderm and dermal elements to separate from the neuroectoderm. A 15-month-old female presented with high fever, severe right hemiparesis, difficulty breathing and cranial nerve deficits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine revealed a congenital dermal sinus tract at the Th6 level, an intramedullary collection extending up to the brainstem and a probable intramedullary cystic lesion. The child was operated acutely with ligation of the sinus tract, drainage of the abscess and partial removal of the intramedullary lesion. Due to abscess recurrence, she was reoperated with complete excision of the dermal sinus tract, abscess redrainage and subtotal excision of the dermoid cyst (retaining a part of its capsule). Pus culture isolated Corynebacterium species and Peptococcus species and histology of the lesion showed a dermoid cyst. Postoperatively, after an initial neurologic deterioration, she progressively improved. An MRI scan at 15 months neither showed recurrence of the collection nor regrowth of the lesion. Spinal dermal sinus tracts that remain unnoticed or untreated can result in serious complications and should be operated as soon as possible to prevent undesirable sequelae.
Differentiation of Jessner's Lymphocytic Infiltration of the Skin from Various Chronic Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus Subtypes by Quantitative Computer-Aided Image Analysis
Authors: Kim In Su , Kim Bo Ri , Youn Sang Woong
Published: October 2015

Background: The distinction between chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus and Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin is still not clear. Objective: To investigate the difference between chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus and Jessner's lymphocytic infiltration of the skin in an objective and quantitative manner. Methods: Clinical photographs were examined for erythema quantification using two erythema parameters (a* and erythema dose), and histological images were assessed by computer-aided image analysis. Results: The difference between normal and erythematous skin was more prominent using erythema dose than a*, but no significant differences among the three diseases were observed. The correlation between inflammatory dermal cell infiltration and epidermal thickness, as well as that between erythema parameters and histopathological features, was not significant. Conclusion: This is the first attempt to use computer-aided image analysis for the differentiation of similar skin diseases. However, the differentiation between these diseases using quantitative computer-aided image analysis was still not possible.
SIRT1 and Kidney Function
Authors: Guan Yi , Hao Chuan-Ming
Published: October 2015

Background: SIRT1 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dependent deacetylase belonging to the class III histone deacetylases. Abundantly expressed in the kidney, especially in the renal medulla, SIRT1 is closely involved in renal physiology and pathology. Summary: SIRT1 targets both histone and nonhistone proteins, participates in many important signaling pathways and mediates the regulation of longevity, metabolic homeostasis, acute stress response and DNA integrity. With regard to the kidney, SIRT1 attenuates diabetic albuminuria, reduces blood pressure and related cardiovascular diseases, resists acute kidney injury, delays kidney fibrogenesis, promotes cyst formation and benefits renal ageing. Key Messages: This review summarizes the biology of SIRT1 and focuses on the latest studies concerning SIRT1 as a potential therapeutic target for kidney diseases.
Descending Necrotizing Mediastinitis Treated with Tooth Extractions following Mediastinal and Cervical Drainage
Authors: Fukuchi Minoru , Suzuki Okihide , Nasu Daisuke , Koizumi Kazue , Muta Yu , Imaizumi Hideko , Ishiguro Toru , Kumagai Youichi , Ishibashi Keiichiro , Mochiki Erito , Ishida Hideyuki
Published: October 2015

Descending necrotizing mediastinitis (DNM) is a rare condition in which oropharyngeal infection spreads to the mediastinum via the cervical fascia. Delayed diagnosis and surgery result in a high mortality rate among patients with DNM. We present a case of DNM resulting from odontogenic infection treated successfully with tooth extraction following mediastinal and cervical drainage. A 43-year-old, previously healthy Japanese man was admitted to our hospital for treatment of acute mediastinitis. Computed tomography revealed gas collection around the mid-thoracic esophagus and bilateral pleural effusion. We performed mediastinal drainage via right thoracotomy. Cervicotomy was performed on postoperative day 14 to drain a residual cervical abscess. The patient required the extraction of ten teeth over three procedures to address primary odontogenic infection before his fever resolved on postoperative day 40. Prompt diagnosis, aggressive drainage and removal of the source of infection can improve survival among patients with this life-threatening disease.
O estudante universitário: os desafios de uma educação integral
Authors: Panúncio-Pinto Maria Paula , Colares Maria de Fátima Aveiro
Published: October 2015

Este artigo tem o objetivo de apresentar e discutir aspectos ligados a ações e programas de atenção ao estudante universitário. Especificamente em relação às profissões da área da saúde, o texto discute as mudanças ocorridas nas ultimas décadas, e o aumento das expectativas da sociedade sobre o estudante, o que tem levado os cursos à constante revisão de objetivos e métodos. Além disso, discute as peculiaridades do período da vida que corresponde ao ingresso na universidade e todas as novas e complexas demandas que o estudante deve enfrentar ao ingressar num curso superior. Essa convergência de novas situações vai além dos desafios relativos ao processo ensino-aprendizagem, e envolve a mobilização de muitos recursos por parte do estudante para adaptar-se. Todos esses esforços podem ter impacto em seu rendimento acadêmico e em sua saúde e qualidade de vida. Para melhor situar os aspectos ligados ao desenvolvimento do adulto jovem no contexto da Universidade, as autoras apresentam o construtivismo social e a perspectiva do curso de vida, como alternativas teóricas que abordam a complexidade dessa situação. Finalmente, apresentam as possibilidades dos programas de apoio ao estudante, exemplificando com as experiências em curso na Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto: o Centro de Apoio Educacional e Psicológico, que além de ofertar atenção clínica (psicológica e pedagógica), mantém iniciativas de pesquisa e um Programa de Tutoria Institucional, para acolher os alunos ingressantes.
Interações medicamentosas potenciais em prescrições, contendo antimicrobianos de uso restrito, de pacientes internados em um hospital no interior da Bahia
Authors: Piedade Danilo V. , Silva Luciana A. F. , Lemos Gisele S. , Valasques Júnior Gildomar L. , Lemos Lucas B.
Published: October 2015

Modelo do estudo: Estudo quantitativo, de natureza descritiva, com delineamento transversal, realizado no ano de 2013. Objetivo: Realizar uma avaliação das interações medicamentosas potenciais (IMP), em prescrições médicas contendo antimicrobianos de uso restrito, de pacientes internados em um hospital no interior do estado da Bahia. Metodologia: A coleta de dados foi realizada no período de janeiro a maio, empregando a análise documental, com acompanhamento prospectivo de prescrições contidas nos prontuários, para possibilitar a detecção das IMP. A ocorrência e a classificação das IMP foram verificadas através da base de dados MICROMEDEX® DrugReax System. Resultados: 50 pacientes participaram do estudo, sendo analisadas 797 prescrições médicas. Dentre o grupo dos antimicrobianos de uso restrito, a associação piperacilina + tazobactam foi a mais prescrita, estando presente em 33,0% das prescrições. Das prescrições utilizadas para análise das IMP, 357 (46,5%) apresentaram pelo menos uma IMP, sendo que destas, 7 (5,8%) envolviam antimicrobianos de uso restrito. Foram encontrados como fármacos envolvidos nas IMP: amitripitilina + linezolida (46,0%), piperacilina + warfarina (26,0%), entre outros. Do total de interações encontradas, 467 (31,9%) foram classificadas como sendo de gravidade moderada e documentação boa, 808 (53,5%) como interações de mecanismo de ação farmacocinético e 743 (50,8%) como interações de início de reação demorado. Conclusão: Foi realizada uma avaliação das IMP, em prescrições médicas contendo antimicrobianos de uso restrito, e a partir delas uma tabela de auxílio foi construída, criando subsídio para o uso racional de alguns antimicrobianos potencialmente envolvidos em interações medicamentosas.
Infective Endocarditis in Adults: Diagnosis, Antimicrobial Therapy, and Management of Complications
Authors: Baddour Larry M. , Wilson Walter R. , Bayer Arnold S. , Fowler Vance G. , Tleyjeh Imad M. , Rybak Michael J. , Barsic Bruno , Lockhart Peter B. , Gewitz Michael H. , Levison Matthew E. , Bolger Ann F. , Steckelberg James M. , Baltimore Robert S. , Fink Anne M. , O’Gara Patrick , Taubert Kathryn A. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease of the Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia, and Stroke Council
Published: October 2015

Background—

Infective endocarditis is a potentially lethal disease that has undergone major changes in both host and pathogen. The epidemiology of infective endocarditis has become more complex with today’s myriad healthcare-associated factors that predispose to infection. Moreover, changes in pathogen prevalence, in particular a more common staphylococcal origin, have affected outcomes, which have not improved despite medical and surgical advances.

Methods and Results—

This statement updates the 2005 iteration, both of which were developed by the American Heart Association under the auspices of the Committee on Rheumatic Fever, Endocarditis, and Kawasaki Disease, Council on Cardiovascular Disease of the Young. It includes an evidence-based system for diagnostic and treatment recommendations used by the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association for treatment recommendations.

Conclusions—

Infective endocarditis is a complex disease, and patients with this disease generally require management by a team of physicians and allied health providers with a variety of areas of expertise. The recommendations provided in this document are intended to assist in the management of this uncommon but potentially deadly infection. The clinical variability and complexity in infective endocarditis, however, dictate that these recommendations be used to support and not supplant decisions in individual patient management.
Description of Elaphoidella paramuna n. sp. (Canthocamptidae), a new harpacticoid copepod from Colombia
Authors: Gaviria Santiago , Defaye Danielle
Published: October 2015

A new species of harpacticoid copepod was discovered on submerged mosses of a high Andean lake in Colombia. The diagnostic characters of the male and female canthocamptidElaphoidella paramunan. sp. are based on the chaetotaxy of legs 1 to 4, morphology of leg 5, armature of anal urosomite, size and armature of anal operculum and morphology, armature and ornamentation of caudal rami. It belongs to the group X of Lang (1948); its relationships withElaphoidella pectinata,E. armataandE. brevifurcataare discussed. The 35 species and subspecies ofElaphoidellaknown in the Neotropical region are assigned to groups I, II, VII, VIII and X of Lang’s system (1948). Identification keys to ColombianElaphoidellaspecies are provided.
Recent Work in Yaghnobi Studies
Authors: Benkato Adam
Published: October 2015

This review article discusses various issues raised by the two reports of the Italian missions to the Yaghnob Valley in Tajikistan. It aims to provide a critical review of the publications, which present a broad variety of new research on the Yaghnobi people, as well as a more general discussion of the methodology involved in studying this group.
Further studies in Viola Sect. Melanium (Violaceae). Identity and typification of Viola nana and V. henriquesii, two neglected European Atlantic taxa
Authors: Magrini Sara , Scoppola Anna
Published: October 2015

Based on the analysis of relevant literature and of specimens from European herbaria, Viola nana and V. henriquesii, currently included in V. kitaibeliana, are reaffirmed as independent species. A lectotype is designated here for V. nana from the original material found in the Herbier De Candolle in Genèva Herbarium (G). A lectotype and three syntypes are designated for V. henriquesii from those exsiccata belonging to the gathering cited in the protologue, that were found in the Herbaria of Monaco (M), Stockholm (S), and Meise (BR).
Salvia misella (Lamiaceae)—A new record for Asia from the southern Western Ghats of India
Authors: P Sunojkumar , A K Pradeep
Published: October 2015

The mint family, Lamiaceae is generally regarded as being one of the most highly derived plant families from the viewpoint of floral structures (Hedge 1992). The family is best known for their essential oils common to many members of the family and are a major source of culinary herbs. Within the subfamily Nepetoideae tribe Mentheae, the subtribe Salviineae includes 8 genera with about 954 species in the world (Harley et al. 2004). The genus Salvia L. (1753: 23) alone account for over 900 species in the subtribe and is the largest genera in Labiatae (Mabberley 2008). It is a tropical and subtropical genus mostly found in montane areas with the major diversity in Mediterranean, Central Asia, the highlands of Mexico and the Andes in South America (Rodrigues-Hahn et al. 1992).
Skillful Seasonal Forecasts of Winter Disruption to the U.K. Transport System
Authors: Palin Erika J. , Scaife Adam A. , Wallace Emily , Pope Edward C. D. , Arribas Alberto , Brookshaw Anca
Published: October 2015

The impacts of winter weather on transport networks have been highlighted by various high-profile disruptions to road, rail, and air transport in the United Kingdom during recent winters. Recent advances in the predictability of the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) at seasonal time scales, using the Met Office Global Seasonal forecasting system, version 5 (GloSea5), present a timely opportunity for assessing the long-range predictability of a variety of winter-weather impacts on transport. This study examines the relationships between the observed and forecast NAO and a variety of U.K. winter impacts on transport in the road, rail, and aviation sectors. The results of this preliminary study show statistically significant relationships between both observed and forecast NAO index and quantities such as road-accident numbers in certain weather conditions, weather-related delays to flights leaving London Heathrow Airport, and weather-related incidents on the railway network. This supports the feasibility of the onward goal of this work, which is to investigate prototype seasonal forecasts of the relative risk of occurrence of particular impacts in a given winter for the United Kingdom, at lead times of 1–3 months. In addition, subject to the availability of relevant impacts data, there is scope for further work to make similar assessments for other parts of Europe and North America where the NAO has a strong effect on winter climate.
The Rainfall Annual Cycle Bias over East Africa in CMIP5 Coupled Climate Models
Authors: Yang Wenchang , Seager Richard , Cane Mark A. , Lyon Bradfield
Published: October 2015

East Africa has two rainy seasons: the long rains [March–May (MAM)] and the short rains [October–December (OND)]. Most CMIP3/5 coupled models overestimate the short rains while underestimating the long rains. In this study, the East African rainfall bias is investigated by comparing the coupled historical simulations from CMIP5 to the corresponding SST-forced AMIP simulations. Much of the investigation is focused on the MRI-CGCM3 model, which successfully reproduces the observed rainfall annual cycle in East Africa in the AMIP experiment but its coupled historical simulation has a similar but stronger bias as the coupled multimodel mean. The historical–AMIP monthly climatology rainfall bias in East Africa can be explained by the bias in the convective instability (CI), which is dominated by the near-surface moisture static energy (MSE) and ultimately by the MSE’s moisture component. The near-surface MSE bias is modulated by the sea surface temperature (SST) over the western Indian Ocean. The warm SST bias in OND can be explained by both insufficient ocean dynamical cooling and latent flux, while the insufficient shortwave radiation and excess latent heat flux mainly contribute to the cool SST bias in MAM.
Tex19 and Sectm1 concordant molecular phylogenies support co-evolution of both eutherian-specific genes
Authors: Bianchetti Laurent , Tarabay Yara , Lecompte Odile , Stote Roland , Poch Olivier , Dejaegere Annick , Viville Stéphane
Published: October 2015

Background

Transposable elements (TE) have attracted much attention since they shape the genome and contribute to species evolution. Organisms have evolved mechanisms to control TE activity. Testis expressed 19 (Tex19) represses TE expression in mouse testis and placenta. In the human and mouse genomes, Tex19 and Secreted and transmembrane 1 (Sectm1) are neighbors but are not homologs. Sectm1 is involved in immunity and its molecular phylogeny is unknown.

Methods

Using multiple alignments of complete protein sequences (MACS), we inferred Tex19 and Sectm1 molecular phylogenies. Protein conserved regions were identified and folds were predicted. Finally, expression patterns were studied across tissues and species using RNA-seq public data and RT-PCR.

Results

We present 2 high quality alignments of 58 Tex19 and 58 Sectm1 protein sequences from 48 organisms. First, both genes are eutherian-specific,i.e.,exclusively present in mammals except monotremes (platypus) and marsupials. Second, Tex19 and Sectm1 have both duplicated inSciurognathiandBovidaewhile they have remained as single copy genes in all further placental mammals. Phylogenetic concordance between both genes was significant (p-value < 0.05) and supported co-evolution and functional relationship. At the protein level, Tex19 exhibits 3 conserved regions and 4 invariant cysteines. In particular, a CXXC motif is present in the N-terminal conserved region. Sectm1 exhibits 2 invariant cysteines and an Ig-like domain. Strikingly, Tex19 C-terminal conserved region was lost inHaplorrhiniprimates while a Sectm1 C-terminal extra domain was acquired. Finally, we have determined that Tex19 and Sectm1 expression levels anti-correlate across the testis of several primates (ρ = −0.72) which supports anti-regulation.

Conclusions

Tex19 and Sectm1 co-evolution and anti-regulated expressions support a strong functional relationship between both genes. Since Tex19 operates a control on TE and Sectm1 plays a role in immunity, Tex19 might suppress an immune response directed against cells that show TE activity in eutherian reproductive tissues.
Brain Metastases in Patients With Germ Cell Tumors: Prognostic Factors and Treatment Options—An Analysis From the Global Germ Cell Cancer Group
Authors: Feldman Darren R. , Lorch Anja , Kramar Andrew , Albany Costantine , Einhorn Lawrence H. , Giannatempo Patrizia , Necchi Andrea , Flechon Aude , Boyle Helen , Chung Peter , Huddart Robert A. , Bokemeyer Carsten , Tryakin Alexey , Sava Teodoro , Winquist Eric William , De Giorgi Ugo , Aparicio Jorge , Sweeney Christopher J. , Cohn Cedermark Gabriella , Beyer Jörg , Powles Thomas
Published: October 2015

Purpose

To define characteristics, treatment response, and outcomes of men with brain metastases (BM) from germ cell tumors (GCT).

Patients and Methods

Data from 523 men with BM from GCT were collected retrospectively from 46 centers in 13 countries by using standardized questionnaires. Clinical features were correlated with overall survival (OS) as the primary end point.

Results

BM were present at initial diagnosis in 228 men (group A) and at relapse in 295 men (group B). OS at 3 years (3-year OS) was superior in group A versus group B (48% v 27%; P < .001). Multiple BM and the presence of liver or bone metastasis were independent adverse prognostic factors in both groups; primary mediastinal nonseminoma (group A) and elevations of α-fetoprotein of 100 ng/mL or greater or of human chorionic gonadotropin of 5,000 U/L or greater (group B) were additional independent adverse prognostic factors. Depending on these factors, the 3-year OS ranged from 0% to 70% in group A and from 6% to 52% in group B. In group A, 99% of patients received chemotherapy; multimodality treatment or high-dose chemotherapy was not associated with statistically improved survival in multivariable analysis. In group B, only 54% of patients received chemotherapy; multimodality treatment was associated with improved survival compared with single-modality therapy (hazard ratio, 0.51; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.73; P < .001), as was high-dose compared with conventional-dose chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.70; P = .001).

Conclusion

Men with BM from GCT have poor OS, particularly if additional risk factors are present. High-dose chemotherapy and multimodality treatment seemed to improve survival probabilities in men with BM at relapse.
Assuming Violence: A Commentary on Walter Benjamin's “Critique of Violence”
Authors: Friedlander Eli
Published: October 2015

The task of the present commentary on “Critique of Violence” is to bring to light a progression in Walter Benjamin's essay that has important implications for the assessment of the essay's content. One should not take violence as a generic term and view the essay as enumerating different species of it. Rather, Benjamin establishes a hierarchy of forces with inner dependence whose logic, to put it initially as simply as possible, is one of arrogation. Just as in enforcement the police takes into its hands a force that belongs to the law, so is the violence of law an arrogation, through lawmaking, of an unlimited force that has its proper source in fate, or the rule of myth. The latter violence can be related back in the recognition of origin (as Benjamin understands this term) to divine violence.
The Cultural Work of Recovering Palestine
Authors: Massad Joseph
Published: October 2015

This article examines the Palestinians' psychological and cultural response to the loss of Palestine and their plan of recovering it. By examining Freud's psychoanalytic understanding of how people cope with loss, especially Freud's work on mourning and melancholia, the author explores the Zionist and Israeli demand that the Palestinians accept their loss, mourn Palestine privately, and move on to find another love object, coding the Palestinians' refusal to mourn as a form of “anti-Semitism.” The analysis offered makes use of Freud's insights and shows the explanatory limits of Freudian theory in examining Palestinian responses to loss. Another explanation examined is “nostalgia” and its manifestation in Zionist and Palestinian cultural forms. The article differentiates between a past-centered nostalgia and a nostalgia for futurity in analyzing these cultural products, concluding that unlike the Zionist movement, which harked back to an imagined fantastical past in establishing a colonial-settler state, the Palestinians deploy a future-oriented nostalgia for the recovery of their stolen lands and country.
Η επανάσταση του Nικ. Φωκά και του Νικ. Ξιφία (1021-1022): η τελευταία εσωτερική κρίση στη βασιλεία του Βασιλείου Β΄ (976-1025)
Authors: ΤCHKOIDZE Eka
Published: October 2015

The Phokas-Xiphias Revolution was the third and the last revolution of the age-long reign of Basil II the Bulgar-slayer, led by two renowned generals, Nikephoros Xiphias and Nikephoros Phokas. It broke out in Cappadocia in 1022 with the purpose to overthrow the Byzantine Emperor.  Medieval narratives that relater these events written in Greek, Arabic, Georgian, or Armenian, all agree that this insurrection was extremely serious. It involved a large number of rebels within the empire and the insurrectionists were widely believed to be in contact with forces outside the empire, including the Georgian king George I (1014-1027). The revolution broke out when the military conflict between Byzantium and Georgia was still ongoing. Some Georgians including the noble Pheris were actively involved in it. In this article all existing sources on this issue are analyzed. An emphasis is given on the causes of the  revolution and its consequences on the Empire’s foreign policy.
Στρατός και κοινωνία στο ύστερο Βυζάντιο: το μεταρρυθμιστικό πρόγραμμα του Γεωργίου Γεμιστού Πλήθωνα
Authors: ΣΥΓΚΕΛΛΟΥ Eυστρατία
Published: October 2015

Army and Society in Late Byzantium: the reform program of George Plethon Gemistos  

 

In the early 15th century the Byzantine state was surrounded by the Ottomans, whereas the Peloponnese was the last defensive stronghold of the Byzantines in the Greek area. There, the need of defense became a major social issue and provided matter for discussion about the institutional and social function of the army. Plethon’ s proposals for the establishment of local professional army, as formulated in his  texts addressed to the emperor Manuel II Palaeologus and the despot Theodore are associated with the social and economic reformation of the region and reflect the general need for the political reorganization of the Byzantine Empire.

This paper examines Gemistos’ reform program regarding the military and political-economic conditions of the era. The thoughts of the philosopher of Mystras on the Byzantine army, which have occupied scientific research from time to time, re-evaluated in order to emphasize the role of the army in the society of the late Byzantine period. The latter remains as powerful as necessary in the contest of a revived Byzantine state.    
 