bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wood Burial is Currently the Only Fast and Feasible Method of Carbon Sequestration
Authors: Xu Kai
Published: May 2022

This study analyzed and compared several major methods of carbon sequestration based on the first principles, namely energy use efficiency and elemental stoichiometry. This study suggested that wood burial is the only currently feasible carbon sequestration method because it can be implemented immediately on a large scale, is low cost, efficient, has a long sequestration time, has low technical requirements, and has relatively little impact on agriculture.
A Novel Approach for Environmental Management of Dental Practice: The “Plan-Do-Check-Act” Model
Authors: Rovera Angela , Banducci Lorenzo
Published: May 2022

Background There is increasing awareness of problems associated with global warming but a lack of a systematic approach on how to deliver more environmentally sustainable dental care. A sustainable world aims to ensure that basic needs and quality of life of everyone are met, now and for future generations. The carbon footprint is an indicator of environmental sustainability. Aim The aim is to suggest an environmental management change for the dental practice focusing on the objective of carbon footprint reduction. Environmental management change design The management change is based on the concept of “Plan-Do-Check-Act”, as recommended by the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) and described through the environmental aspects of the dental practice. The approach focuses on establishing and implementing environmental objectives, followed by monitoring results and taking actions to improve continually. The environmental aspects considered for the dental practice are activities causing an impact on the carbon footprint: energy use, travel, product purchasing, waste production, emission to air, water use, and contamination of land. Conclusions The “Plan-Do-Check-Act” ISO 14100-2015 model can be effectively integrated into the dental practice setting for its environmental management. A reduction of the carbon footprint of the dental practice is achieved by applying the environmental management change described for each activity.
Description of a One-Year Succession of Variants of Interest and Concern of SARS-Cov-2 in Venezuela
Authors: Jaspe Rossana C. , Loureiro Carmen L. , Sulbaran Yoneira F. , Moros Zoila C. , D´Angelo Pierina , Hidalgo Mariana , Rodriguez Lieska , Alarcon Victor , Aguilar Marwan , Sanchez Doneyla , Ramirez Jesus , Garzaro Domingo J. , Zambrano Jose Luis , Liprandi Ferdinando , Rangel Hector Rafael , Pujol Flor H.
Published: May 2022

Some of the lineages of SARS-CoV-2, the new coronavirus responsible for COVID-19, exhibit higher transmissibility or partial resistance to antibody mediated neutralization and were des-ignated by WHO as Variants of Interests (VOIs) or Concern (VOCs). The aim of this study was to monitor the dissemination of VOIs and VOCs in Venezuela during a year. A 614 nt genomic fragment was sequenced for the detection of some relevant mutations of these variants. Their presence was confirmed by complete genome sequencing, with a correlation higher than 99% between both methodologies. After the previously reported introduction of the Gamma VOC since the beginning of the year 2021, the variants Alpha VOC and Lambda VOI were detected as early as March 2021, at a very low frequency. In contrast, the Mu VOI, detected in May 2021, was able to circulate throughout the country. After the detection of Delta VOC in June 2021, it be-came the predominant circulating variant. With the arrival of the Omicron VOC in December, this variant was able to displace the Delta one in less than one month. This succession of variants was accompanied by a reduction in the Cycle threshold (Ct) values, in agreement with the in-crease in transmissibility described for these variants.
COVID-19 Real Time Live Tweet Sentimental Analysis Using Deep Learning Methods, Its Effect on Phases of COVID-19 Waves
Authors: Obu Ubio , Thakur Shruti
Published: May 2022

The Covid-19 also known as the Coronavirus is a viral disease from the SARS-CoV-2 family of virus, as at December 2019 the first case of this virus infection was identified at Wuhan, China, this seemingly isolated case soon became a global pandemic, whose effect was felt globally which also had colossal effects on both health, economic and politics . As at the time of this research about 4.5 million people have died of the Coronavirus and over 215 million people already infected by it. This pandemic stood out not just for its scale but for how social media was a major contribution to its spread as well as to curbing it. The power of social media was used to spread misinformation as well as to spread awareness on the subject, with both having massive impact on the people. In this paper we will be running a sentimental analysis on twitter under the keyword “Covid-19 and Coronavirus”, twitter is a powerful social media tool that is known for its ability to keep trends in the form of tweets, we will be drawing correlations between the peaks of tweet with the peak of infection. We will also be analyzing to know what the impact of these tweets are having on the rate of the infection and vice versa. We will also be analyzing what people are tweeting most about, what are the talking points, comparing both real time and past tweets with real time infection and death rates using deep different learning methods to access what information can be derived from it.
Adult Presentation of X-Linked Hypophosphatemia
Authors: Ito Nobuaki
Published: May 2022

Adult X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) patients present with specific symptoms, including enthesopathies (e.g., ossification of the longitudinal ligament (OPLL), osteophytes around the large joint, and enthesopathy in the Achilles tendon), the development of severe secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT/THPT) and the subsequent progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). In addition, these patients exhibit the typical phenotypes of osteomalacia, such as pseudofracture and fracture in weight-bearing bones, odontitis, and tooth abscess. The mechanism underlying enthesopathy development is unknown; however, a common underlying mechanism among XLH and autosomal recessive hypophosphatemic rickets, ARHR1.2, due to mutations in PHEX, DMP1, and ENPP1, is assumed. Clarification of the pathogenesis and drug discovery for this complication is an urgent issue to address, as many adult XLH patients suffer subsequent debilitating nervus symptoms or impingement syndrome, and existing treatments are ineffective. Severe SHPT and THPT are associated with conventional therapy, including active vitamin D and phosphate supplementation, and complicated and careful adjustment of the dosage by experienced clinicians is required to avoid SHPT/THPT. Burosumab is a very effective therapy without risk for the development of SHPT/THPT. However, the indication of this drug should be carefully considered along with the cost-effectiveness, guidelines or recommendations and health care system of each country.
Recombinant DNA in Fermentation Products is of No Regulatory Relevance
Authors: Lensch Alexandra , Duwenig Elke , Dederer Hans-Georg , Kärenlampi Sirpa , Custers René , Borg Agnes , Wyss Markus
Published: May 2022

A large variety of fermentation products are used in food and feed production, but also in other industries, and many of these products are produced with genetically modified microorganisms (GMMs). In food and feed production, prominent examples are amino acids, vitamins, food and feed enzymes, colorants, non-caloric sweeteners and human milk oligosaccharides. From a regulatory perspective, fermentation products are typically produced under containment. This means that premises, equipment and work processes need to be designed to prevent or at least minimize release of GMMs into the environment. The fermentation products themselves should not contain any live cells of the GMM. Over the past years, there have been concerning developments, particularly in the European Union, stipulating that also absence of recombinant DNA might be interpreted as a regulatory requirement for fermentation products produced with GMMs. In this paper, we (i) attempt to place these developments into the historical context, (ii) sketch the potential negative repercussions for the food and feed industries, (iii) elaborate on the safety of recombinant DNA, and (iv) postulate that recombinant DNA should remain an integral part of the safety assessment of fermentation products but should not be misconstrued as a criterion for regulatory classification of products of biotechnology.
No Signs of Excessive Burnout in Public Forest Officers Working in the Temperate Region Furing the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bielinis Ernest , Janeczko Emilia , Omelan Aneta Anna , Furgała-Selezniow Grażyna
Published: May 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has influenced the style of work of many people. However, it remains a question to what extent it has influenced the work of outdoor workers like forestry workers. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the level of professional burnout among forest-ry workers, as a lack of burnout symptoms is a dimension of well-being at work. The Oldenburg Burnout Inventory was administered to 42 respondents. Both subscales of the inventory were reliable: Cronbach’s alpha was 0.806 for disengagement and 0.865 for exhaustion. The mean number of overtime hours was 10.13 hours per month. The mean disengagement score of 2.24 was lower than the reference value of 2.25, but the mean exhaustion score of 2.33 was high-er than the reference value of 2.1. Age correlated significantly with stage of work, as did exhaustion with stage of work, and over-time hours with disengagement. The average forestry officer had no symptoms of disengagement and slight symptoms of exhaustion. These results suggest that being in the forest can help prevent burnout. Overtime work and a heavy workload appear to threaten forestry workers’ well-being, as they can cause exhaustion and lower commitment.
The Impact of COVID-19 on Police Intelligence Reports and Stop and Search within the United Kingdom
Authors: Halford Eric
Published: May 2022

The full impact of COVID-19 on policing, crime and disorder is slowly being fully unraveled. However, there remains a number of areas of policing that are yet to be examined in detail. Two of these areas include the impact on the intrinsically linked, volume of police recorded intelligence reports, and the use of stop and search. In this study we examine them symbiotically and frame them in the context of the intelligence led policing model, in particular in an effort to understand how national lockdowns in the United Kingdom affected both proactive policing approaches and the underpinning intelligence cycle. To achieve this, we use data from freedom of information requests regarding the annual levels of recorded police intelligence over a 10-year period for 20 police services. To supplement this, we examine overall national monthly volumes of stop and search activity over a 5-year period. Finally, we then use a case study approach of 3 police services to further explore changes in the conduct of stop and search such as the officer defined ethnicity, grounds for search and disposal outcomes. The findings indicate that both recorded intelligence reports and stop and search increased dramatically during periods of lockdown, despite widespread decreases in crime and social mobility. Changes in proportional impact are identified for White and Black citizens, searches for controlled drugs and the no further action disposal, but these are not consistent across police services. Potential causes and implications are then discussed and again, framed within the context of the impact on the intelligence led policing model and wider policing environment.
hERG Blockade Prediction by Combining Site Identification by Ligand Competitive Saturation and Physicochemical Properties
Authors: Goel Himanshu , Yu Wenbo , MacKerell Jr. Alexander D.
Published: May 2022

Human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channel is well-known contributor to drug-induced cardiotoxicity and therefore an extremely important target when performing safety assessments of drug candidates. Ligand-based approaches in connection with quantitative structure active relationships (QSAR) analyses have been developed to predict hERG toxicity. Availability of the recent published cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structure for the hERG channel opened the prospect for using structure-based simulation and docking approaches for hERG drug liability predictions. In recent time, the idea of combining structure- and ligand-based approaches for modeling hERG drug liability has gained momentum offering improvements in predictability when compared to ligand-based QSAR practices alone. The present article demonstrates uniting the structure-based SILCS (site-identification by ligand competitive saturation) approach in conjunction with physicochemical properties to develop predictive models for hERG blockade. This combination leads to improved model predictability based on Pearson’s R and percent correct (represents rank-ordering of ligands) metric for different validation sets of hERG blockers involving diverse chemical scaffold and wide range of pIC50 values. The inclusion of the SILCS structure-based approach allows determination of the hERG region to which compounds bind and the contribution of different chemical moieties in the compounds to blockade, thereby facilitating the rational ligand design to minimize hERG liability.
Enhancement of Neuroglial Extracellular Matrix Formation and Physiological Activity of Dopaminergic Neural Cocultures by Macromolecular Crowding
Authors: Kundu Srikanya , Vo Andy N. , Strong Caroline , Jung Olive , Lee Emily , Song Min Jae , Boutin Molly E. , Raghunath Michael , Ferrer Marc
Published: May 2022

The neuroglial extracellular matrix (ECM) provides critical support and physiological cues for the proper growth, differentiation, and function of neuronal cells in the brain. However, in most in vitro settings that study neural physiology, cells are grown as monolayers on stiff surfaces that maximize adhesion and proliferation, and therefore lack the physiological cues that ECM in native neuronal tissues provides. Macromolecular crowding (MMC) is a biophysical phenomenon based on the principle of excluded volume that can be harnessed to induce native ECM deposition by cells in culture. Here, we show that MMC using two species of Ficoll with vitamin C supplementation significantly boosts deposition of relevant brain ECM by cultured human astrocytes. Dopaminergic neurons co-cultured on this astrocyte-ECM bed prepared under MMC treatment showed longer and denser neuronal extensions, a higher number of pre ad post synaptic contacts, and increased physiological activity as evidenced by higher frequency calcium oscillation, compared to standard co-culture conditions. When the pharmacological activity of various compounds was tested on MMC-treated co-cultures, their responses were enhanced, and for apomorphine, a D2-receptor agonist, it was inverted in comparison to control cell culture conditions, thus emulating responses observed in in vivo settings. These results indicate that macromolecular crowding can harness the ECM-building potential of human astrocytes in vitro forming an ultra-flat 3D microenvironment that makes neural cultures more physiological and pharmacological relevant.
Dark Matter in a Galaxy as Vacuum Polarization
Authors: Cherkas Sergey L. , Kalashnikov Vladimir L.
Published: May 2022

We considered a vacuum polarization around a massive object in the eikonal approximation and found two types of vacuum polarization. The first type has the equation of state similar to radiation and can produce a halo that increases the rotation velocity of a test particle with a radial distance. The second type of vacuum polarization has a more complicated equation of state. As a static physical effect, it produces renormalization of the gravitational constant. Besides, we demonstrate that a nonstationary polarization of the second type caused by a swift increase of the galactic nuclei mass results in a gravitational potential looking like a dark matter halo.
Combination Treatment of Intense Pulsed Light Therapy and Meibomian Gland Expression for Evaporative Dry Eye
Authors: Peng Kai-Ling , Chiu Chen-Jui , Tuan Hsin-I , Lee Yi-Chen , Hsu Pyn-Sing , Chen Jiunn-Liang
Published: May 2022

Dry eye disease (DED) most commonly caused by evaporative subtypes and mainly induced by meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD). Intense pulsed light (IPL) combined with meibomian gland expression (MGX) is noninvasive treatment for improvement of ocular discomfort symptoms and MGD. In this prospective study between November 2020 and May 2022, the patients met the criteria of both ocular surface disease index (OSDI) ≥13 scores and standardized patient evaluation of eye dryness (SPEED)≥ 8 scores were enrolled in Kaohsiung Veteran General Hospital. Three separate treatment sessions of IPL therapy combined with MGX administered to the lower lids with an interval of 28 days. Further tear film assessment included lipid layer thickness (LLT), tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive tear break-up time (NIBUT), meibomian gland loss (MGL) either beforeor after 1st and 3rd IPL therapy combined with MGX. Besides, lissamine green staining and pain scores were also recorded. We totally enrolled 37 patients of 74 eyes. Men accounted for 18.92% (7/37). The mean age was 54.51 ± 11.72 years. The mean OSDI scores were 58.12 ± 22, while the SPEED scores were 17.03 ± 5.98. The mean Schirmer’s test was 3.66 ± 2.43 mm. After three sessions IPL treatment with MGX, the OSDI, SPEED, LLT, TMH, MGL, MGXS and pain scores were significantly improved. For the MGX scores (MGXS) ≤20 group, MGL and lissamine green scores showed significant improvements. For the MGXS >20 group, TMH and dry spot rate revealed statistically improvement. Noninvasive IPL therapy with MGX statistically improved not only dry eye symptoms but also tear film assessments.
Empirical Research of Hot Topic Recognition and its Evolution Path Method for Scientific and Technological Literature
Authors: Jiang Lei , Zhang Tao , Huang Taihua ,   Information and Network Center, Heilongjiang University Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China,   School of Information Management, Heilongjiang University Harbin, Heilongjiang 150080, China
Published: May 2022

With the advent of big data era, the recognition of hot topics and the analysis of their evolution path in the frontier of a certain field of scientific and technological literature have received widespread attention from the academic community. It can not only reveal the development trend in a certain field of scientific and technological literature, but also discover the evolution law of topic content in different development stages of the field. However, there are still some problems in some current research methods, such as inaccurate recognition of hot topics and unclear evolution path, which seriously affect the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the analysis. To solve the above problems, this paper uses Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model to propose a hot topic recognition and evolution analysis method in scientific and technological literature field, which aims to reveal the evolution law of topic content level in different development stages of the field, such as inheritance, merging, division, and other topic evolution trends, so as to provide decision support for domain knowledge innovation services. Main research process is as follows. Firstly, LDA is used to extract global topics and stage topics. Secondly, similarity calculation algorithm is used to filter topics. Thirdly, novelty and support are used to identify hot topics. Fourthly, three paths of inheritance evolution, merging evolution and division evolution are formed for hot topics. Finally, the effectiveness of the method is verified by using 47,896 scientific and technological literature data in the field of intelligent algorithms in Web of Science as an empirical example.
Design and Motion Analysis of a Mobile Robot Based on Linkage Suspension
Authors: Chen Ya , Wang Dianjun , Zhong Haoxiang , Zhu Yadong , Yang Jiaheng , Wang Chaoxing ,   Beijing Institute of Petrochemical Technology (BIPT) No.19 Qingyuan North Street, Huangcun Town, Daxing District, Beijing 102617, China,   Beijing U-Precision Tech Co., Ltd. No.19 Kechuang 10th Street, Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, Beijing 100176, China
Published: May 2022

With the wide application of mobile robots, their environment and tasks are becoming more complex. There are more requirements for its performance, such as improving environmental adaptability, while ensuring efficiency. This study proposes an all-terrain mobile robot with a linkage suspension and its complex kinematics and dynamic model are studied. According to the wheelcenter modeling method, the kinematic characteristics of the six wheels of a mobile robot under irregular terrain are analyzed and the kinematics theoretical model is established. Based on the D’Alembert principle, the dynamic model of each stage is established as the robot climbs over the steps. Thereafter, motion simulation analysis is conducted using a virtual prototype technology to verify the rationality of the structural design. Finally, the error test of the mobile robot prototype is executed, and the average deviation error of linear motion is 13.251 mm, whereas the forward and backward in situ turning errors are 9.906 mm and 9.189 mm, respectively. The test results indicate that the kinematics theoretical analysis of the mobile robot is reasonable, and the robot has good motion ability. This study provides a theoretical basis for the research of high-quality navigation and control system of the mobile robot.
Molecular Characterization of Potential Crop Pathogens Associated with Weeds as Endophytes in Uniilorin Plantations, Nigeria
Authors: Lateef A. A. , Garuba T. , Abdulkareem K. A. , Olayinka B. U. , Olahan G. S. , Adeyemi S. B. , Abdulkareem K. A.
Published: May 2022

Crop diseases are usually caused by inoculum of pathogens which might exist on alternate hosts or weeds as endophytes. These endophytes, cum pathogens, usually confer some beneficial attributes to these weeds or alternate hosts from protection against herbivores, disease resistance, stress tolerance to secondary metabolites production. This study was therefore carried out to isolate potential crop pathogens which exist as endophytes on weed species in the University of Ilorin plantations. Green asymptomatic leaves were collected from 10 weed species across the plantations, and processed for their endophytic fungi isolation. Isolates were purified into pure cultures and used for molecular identification using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the ribosomal DNA. Phylogenetic analysis of the fungal sequences using MEGA software revealed 9 fungal genera belonging to 13 species, with species in the genera Curvularia, Epicoccum and Daldinia occurring in more than one weed species, while other genera such as Alternaria, Fusarium, Chaetomium, Macrophomina, Arthrinium and Phomopsis occurred in just one weed species each. Daldinia eschscholtzii was isolated in this study as an endophyte from Loudetia arundinacea for the first time. This plant is very abundant in Nigeria and Africa where it is used majorly for thatching and feeding livestocks. This also represents the first endophytic fungi from the genus Loudetia. Potential relationship between the occurrences of these fungi as endophytes and as pathogens are discussed. These discoveries represent the first large-scale molecular identification and several first reports of endophytes from these weed species. These results also represent the first records of some of these fungi in Nigeria.
Using Graph Mining Method in Analyzing Turkish Loanwords Derived from Arabic Language
Authors: Jassim Abbood Kirebut , Hamzah Muneam Jabbar , Aliwy Ahmed Hussein
Published: May 2022

Loanwords are the words transferred from one language to another, which become essential part of the borrowing language. The loanwords have come from the source language to the recipient language because of many reasons. Detecting these loanwords is complicated task due to that there are no standard specifications for transferring words between languages and hence low accuracy. This work tries to enhance this accuracy of detecting loanwords between Turkish and Arabic language as a case study. In this paper, the proposed system contributes to find all possible loanwords using any set of characters either alphabetically or randomly arranged. Then, it processes the distortion in the pronunciation, and solves the problem of the missing letters in Turkish language relative to Arabic language. A graph mining technique was introduced, for identifying the Turkish loanwords from Arabic language, which is used for the first time for this purpose. Also, the problem of letters differences, in the two languages, is solved by using a reference language (English) to unify the style of writing. The proposed system was tested using 1256 words that manually annotated. The obtained results showed that the f-measure is 0.99 which is high value for such system. Also, all these contributions lead to decrease time and effort to identify the loanwords in efficient and accurate way. Moreover, researchers do not need to have knowledge in the recipient and the source languages. In addition, this method can be generalized to any two languages using the same steps followed in obtaining Turkish loanwords from Arabic.
A Green Synthesis of Iron/Copper Nanoparticles as a Catalytic of Fenton-like Reactions for Removal of Orange G Dye
Authors: Hassan Ahmed K , Atiya Mohammed A , Luaibi Imad M
Published: May 2022

This research paper studies the use of an environmentally and not expensive method to degrade Orange G dye (OG) from the aqueous solution, where the extract of ficus leaves has been used to fabricate the green bimetallic iron/copper nanoparticles (G-Fe/Cu-NPs). The fabricated G‑Fe/Cu-NPs were characterized utilizing scanning electron microscopy, BET, atomic force microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and zeta potential. The rounded and shaped as like spherical nanoparticles were found for G-Fe/Cu‑NPs with the size ranged 32-59 nm and the surface area was 4.452 m2/g. Then the resultant nanoparticles were utilized as a Fenton-like oxidation catalyst. The degradation efficiency of OG dye highly depends on H2O2 concentration (1.7-5.28 mM), catalyst dose (0.4-1.6 g/L), pH (2-7), initial OG concentration (25-75 mg/L), and temperature (20-50 ℃). Batch experiments showed that 94.8 % of 50 mg/L of OG dye was removed within the optimum peroxide concentration, dose, pH and temperature which were 3.52 mM, 1 g/L, 3, and 40℃ respectively along with 30 min contact time. The results of kinetic models showed that OG removal followed the second-order model. Finally, the thermodynamic study of reaction was also examined and concluded to endothermic reaction with 29.725 kJ/mol activation energy.
Intelligent Approach for Gas-Oil Separation Plant Oil Recovery Enhancement
Authors: AL-Dogail Ala , Gajbhiye Rahul , AlNaser Mustafa , AlNajim Abdullatif , Mahmoud Mohamed
Published: May 2022

The present practice is to operate the gas-oil separation plant (GOSP) at the predetermined set of conditions obtained during the design stage. These predetermined sets of conditions are fixed and do not account for the effects due to changes in the ambient temperature (Ta), resulting in low recovery and profitability. The variation of Ta highly affects the separation process, where Ta varies greatly from summer to winter. Thus, this study proposes an intelligent approach to maximize profitability by improving the oil recovery through optimization of low-pressure production trap (LPPT) and high-pressure production trap (HPPT) accounting for the changes in the Ta. This work also proposes an advisory system for guiding the operation team to set the HPPT/LPPT pressure at an optimal value that accounts for the changes in Ta for maximizing the oil recovery.

To generate the data accounting for the variation in Ta, a GOSP model was developed using the OmegaLand dynamic simulator. A typical Saudi Aramco GOSP parameter was used for the design. The oil recovery was obtained for the various runs of simulation for the representative range of HPPT/LPPT pressure over a wide range of Ta. Then, artificial intelligence (AI) techniques were applied to determine the optimal pressure of LPPT and HPPT units, and an intelligent advisory system is developed based on the correlation obtained for the optimal set of pressure according to the variation in Ta.

Results show that at constant HPPT and LPPT pressure, liquid recovery decreases with an increase in Ta, suggesting that readjustment in HPPT or LPPT operating pressure can counter the temperature changes to improve the oil recovery. The analysis of the results reveals that at a fixed value of Ta and LPPT pressure, the oil recovery increases with an increase in HPPT pressure up to the optimal value of HPPT pressure and then decreases above the value of optimal HPPT pressure.

Similarly, when the HPPT pressure and Ta are fixed, the oil recovery increases with an increase in LPPT pressure until it reaches the optimal value and then decreases above the value of optimal LPPT pressure. The improvement in the oil recovery signifies the existence of optimal pressure conditions for HPPT/LPPT separators at which maximum oil recovery can be obtained. This study shows the novel way to incorporate the changes in the ambient condition by optimizing LPPT/HPPT operating pressure for enhancing the liquid recovery of the GOSP plant. The advisory system developed from this study maximizes the oil recovery by determining the optimal set of operating conditions for the HPPT/LPPT separators.
A step by step protocol for genomic knock-in of long sequences using dCas9-SSAP editor
Authors: Wang Chengkun , Qu Yuanhao , Cheng Jason K.W. , Hughes Nicholas W. , Zhang Qianhe , Wang Mengdi , Cong Le
Published: May 2022

Gene-editing is a powerful tool for probing the mechanisms of human health and diseases, and holds promise as a durable therapeutic approach. Exemplified by CRISPR-Cas systems, gene-editing tools often cause DNA damage at on- and off-target sites, and thus trigger diverse endogenous DNA repair processes that are error-prone. Such unwanted mutations and safety concerns can be exacerbated when altering long sequences. Here, in this protocol, we present a method that couples microbial single-strand annealing proteins (SSAPs) with dCas9-guideRNA complex to stimulate DNA strand exchange for gene-editing. The dCas9-SSAP editor had low editing errors at target loci, minimal detectable off-target effect, and higher accuracy than canonical Cas9 methods. This method was effective for inserting sequences up to kilobase-scale, with up to ~20% knock-in efficiencies and robust performances across donor designs and cell types, including human stem cells.
Placenta tissue processing protocol - in the context of placentophagy
Authors: Johnson Sophia K , Pastuschek Jana , Heimann Yvonne
Published: May 2022

Traditional pharmacopeia describe the use of ground and dehydrated human placenta tissue for the use as a remedy according complex integrative medicine systems such as Chinese medicine. To resemble the most common method of placenta preparation in a home-based environment, this protocol was established for placenta tissue processing under clean but not sterile conditions.
Identification and characterization of TiO2 nanoparticles in face masks by TEM
Authors: Wouters Charlotte , Siciliani Lisa , Ledecq Marina , Verleysen Eveline , Mast Jan
Published: May 2022

Because of the possible health risks related to the use of nanoparticle technologies in face masks, a general methodology is developed for identification, localization and particle size measurement of nanoparticles in situ in face masks by conventional and analytical transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The methodology can be applied by following this protocol which includes (i) preparation of resin-embedded ultra-thin sections of face masks suitable for TEM analysis, a procedure that can be applied to any type of textile, (ii) visualization and identification of the (nano)particles inside the cross section of the textile fibres by scanning TEM (STEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), (iii) measurement of the number-based particle size distribution based on a (semi-)automatic quantitative analysis using ImageJ, and (iv) in view of risk assessment, a calculation to estimate the amount of particles available for release from the mask.
Research on the Application of 5g Network Technology in Basketball Teaching Innovation and Reform
Authors: Xie Zhe
Published: May 2022

Since the introduction of 5G technology, it has brought ease to many sectors of society and lifestyle. 5G technology has also made major contributions to education, and the help impact for education is extremely considerable, particularly for online learning. The epidemic condition of covid-19 in China is serious in March 2020, and the notion of "classes stopped but learning continues" has become the trend of school instruction. Colleges and universities, in particular, which serve a diverse population, mostly use online learning methods to conduct instructional activities. As a result, traditional classroom teaching no longer satisfies modern teaching demands, and online learning has established itself as the norm. Due to network speed and latency, online learning has several issues when compared to traditional face-to-face education. This article examines the online learning system based on the 5G mobile communication technology network, as well as conventional face-to-face teaching and online learning under other networks, and analyses the students' mastery of knowledge under different teaching methods through assessment. This study aims to minimize network latency by detecting and correcting the main energy-consuming activities of the 5G network in order to deliver effective online training to students utilizing 5G basket ball teaching (5G_BBT). We use the features of 5G network nodes and channel characteristics based on actual route loss measurements for diverse settings to build a comprehensive model of basket ball training. Initially from the teaching database the information that can be send to the user protocol for that the process of cluster formation was done using Crossover Swarm Optimization based on passive clustering. Estimate basket ball teaching data transmission probability by maximum likelihood naïve bayes function. Then the Calculation of optimal cluster path for sending the training material with border gateway algorithm where distance and residual energy have to considered as constraints. Finally, the performance analyses are carried out in terms of latency energy efficiency, and speed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed 5G Networking scheme.
External validation of inpatient neonatal mortality prediction models in high-mortality settings
Authors: Tuti Timothy , Collins Gary S , English Mike , Aluvaala Jalemba
Published: May 2022

Objectives: To evaluate the predictive accuracy of two neonatal prediction models in predicting all cause in-hospital mortality following patient admission. These models (The Neonatal Essential Treatment Score (NETS) which used treatments prescribed at admission, and the Score for Essential Neonatal Symptoms and Signs (SENSS) which used basic clinical signs), were derived in high-mortality, low-resource settings and are reflective of low-income countries’ clinical settings. Study design and settings: We used retrospectively collected routine clinical data recorded by duty clinicians at admission from 15 hospitals to externally validate and update the SENSS and NETS models to predict in-hospital mortality. Model performance was evaluated by assessing discrimination and calibration. Results: At initial external validation, the calibration intercept for NETS and SENSS was -1.109 (95% CI: -1.148 to -1.069) and -0.703 (95% CI: -0.738 to -0.669) respectively; The calibration slope for NETS and SENSS was 0.466 (95% CI: 0.451 to 0.480) and 0.565 (95% CI: 0.552 to 0.577) respectively. After model updating, SENSS and NETS calibration intercepts improved to 0.349 (95% CI: 0.321 to 0.377) and 0.032 (95% CI: -0.002 to 0.066) respectively; Calibration slopes improved to 1.029 (95% CI: 1.006 to 1.051) and 0.799 (95% CI: 0.774 to 0.823) for SENSS and NETS respectively. Final SENSS and NETS model discrimination was 0.834 (95% CI: 0.829 to 0.839) and 0.775 (95% CI: 0.768 to 0.782) respectively. Conclusion: It is possible to predict in-hospital mortality using either treatments or signs and symptoms derived from routine neonatal data from varied low-resource hospitals settings. The models’ performance after updating and external validation across different geographical regions supports their use for case-mix adjustment in similar routine hospital settings.
Optical cavity-referenced terahertz synthesizer with 15-digit short-term stability
Authors: Shin Dong-Chel , Kim Byung Soo , Jang Heesuk , Kim Young-Jin , Kim Seung-Woo
Published: May 2022

Stable terahertz sources are required to advance high precision terahertz applications such as molecular spectroscopy, terahertz radars, and wireless communications. Here, we demonstrate a photonic scheme of terahertz synthesis using an optical comb in stabilization to an ultra-low expansion optical cavity offering a 15-digit accuracy. By heterodyne photomixing of comb lines, terahertz frequencies of 0.10 – 1.10 THz are synthesized with a 2-mHz linewidth and a fractional instability of 4.4×10–15 at 1-s integration. Compared to other state-of-the-art counterparts, our terahertz synthesizer offers a fine frequency tuning capability in steps of 100 MHz and an extremely low level of phase noise below -70 dBc/Hz even at 1 Hz offset. Such unprecedented performance is expected to drastically improve the signal-to-noise ratio of terahertz radars, the resolving power of terahertz molecular spectroscopy, and the transmission capacity of wireless communications.
Inducer-free cellulase production system based on the constitutive expression of mutated Xyr1 and Ace3 in the industrial fungus Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Arai Toshiharu , Ichinose Sakurako , Shibata Nozomu , Kakeshita Hiroshi , Kodama Hiroshi , Igarashi Kazuaki , Takimura Yasushi
Published: May 2022

Trichoderma reesei is a widely used host for the production of cellulase and hemicellulase cocktails for lignocellulosic biomass degradation. This is the result of random mutagenesis and target gene modification for many years to secrete cellulase in high yields. However, they generally require inducers such as cellulose to achieve high enzyme production capacity. Here we report a genetic modification strategy for industrial T. reesei using simple glucose culture without inducers. Constitutive expression of modified Xyr1 and Ace3, which are the main regulators of cellulase/hemicellulase, enabled efficiently produce cellulases and hemicellulases. Co-expression of these two transcription factors resulted in 1.5-fold higher enzyme productivity compared to conventional expression of only modified Xyr1, and enzyme composition similar to that of induced production. This inducer-free enzyme production method could provide an effective system to reduce costs and simplify production processes and is expected to be applied in the production of various proteins.
Knowledge on neonatal danger signs and associated factors among post natal mothers in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2019. A cross–sectional study.
Authors: Ayele Wudie Eneyew , Bante Agegnehu , Wubie Azene Bantie , Murugan Rajalakshmi , Tesfaye Tewodros , Tesema Getaye Worku
Published: May 2022

Background
Neonatal danger signs are now a public health problem (25%) and contributing factors for neonatal death. Early detection of neonatal danger signs is an important step towards improving newborn survival. This study aimed to assess knowledge on neonatal danger signs and associated factors among post natal mothers in public hospitals of Addis Ababa Ethiopia.
Methods
An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 363 postnatal mothers at public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from March 15th to May 15th, 2019. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants and semi-structure interviewer administer questionnaire was used to collect the data. The data were entered by using Epi- data version 4.4.3.1 and analyzed by using bivariable and multivariable logistic regression model with SPSS version 25.0. Then statistical significance was declared at P- value < 0.05. Finally, the data were presented by using text, figures and tables.
Result
All mothers expected to participate in the study were interviewed. Overall, 33.1% of mothers had good knowledge about neonatal danger signs. Factors like maternal education college and above (AOR = 2.11, 95% Cl: 1.51–2.99), caesarean section mode of delivery (AOR = 3.72, 95% Cl: 1.71–8.12), parity (AOR = 5.34, 95% Cl: 1.64–2.64), education during PNC follow up (AOR = 2.77, 95% Cl: 1.49–5.15) and identification of skilled birth attendant (AOR = 2.25,95% Cl:1.13–4.40) were significantly associated with the level of maternal knowledge. Similarly, information from health professionals (AOR = 4.54, 95%Cl: 2.16–9.70) and access to television were also statistical significant factors for maternal knowledge (AOR = 2.15, 95% Cl: 1.11–4.15).
Conclusion
Maternal knowledge on neonatal danger signs was poor. Therefore educational intervention during ante natal care, institution delivery and post natal care visit, advocating the use of media and increase maternal birth preparedness like identification of skilled birth attendant are highly recommended.
Characteristics of axial length and interocular axial length difference in Chinese children and teenagers
Authors: Mao Xiuyu , Chen Minjie , Sun Xinghuai , Dai Jinhui
Published: May 2022

Purpose
To investigate axial length and interocular axial length difference distributions and correlating factors in Chinese children and teenagers.
Methods
This study retrospectively reviewed the axial lengths (AL) and interocular axial length differences (ALD) of 4422 children. Sex, ocular alignment, outdoor activities, total media exposure (TV watching and electronic devices), sleep duration, parental myopic state, and parental age and their relationships with mean AL and the ratio of axial length to corneal radius curvature (AL/CR) were assessed. Factors associated with the mean AL, AL/CR, ALD, and the interocular difference in AL/CR (△AL/CR) in all participants and four age groups.
Results
The mean AL and ALD varied mainly by age. Children with esotropia (in preschoolers, P = 0.014, 0.029), 15–21 h of outdoor durations per week(all, P = 0.017), and > 14h total media exposure per week (all, P = 0.033) were more likely to have shorter AL or AL/CR. Esotropia(in primary school, P = 0.001), shorter weekdays sleep duration (all, P = 0.009), or long weekend sleep duration (all, P = 0.033) were positively associated with ALD or △AL/CR.
Conclusion
AL and ALD were mainly associated with age and esotropia. Sleep duration on weekdays or weekends might associate with the mean or interocular difference in axial length distribution.
A Nomogram Individually Predicts the Overall Survival of Patients with Breast Cancer after Surgery：a Retrospective Study in the SEER Database and China
Authors: Zheng Yufen , Jin Minya , Chen Shiyong , Feng Yijun , Du Juping , Li Jun , Wang Jing
Published: May 2022

Background
Patients with breast cancer have a poor prognosis. We want to construct a more elaborative and validate nomograms for predicting overall survival in patients with breast cancer.
Methods
A total of 68363 breast cancer patients who underwent surgery between 2011 and 2015 were recruited from the Surveillance Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. After eliminating lacking clinical information, 60445 eligible breast cancer patients were randomly divided into the training corhort(n = 42327) and the internal validation corhort(n = 18118) in a ratio of 7:3. The endpoint of this study was overall survival(OS). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models was performed to identify independent risk factors of OS in the training corhort, and then the nomogram was constructed. The nomogram predictive performance was evaluated by the Harrell’s concordance index (C-index), the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (AUC), calibration curve, decision curve analysis(DCA) and clinical impact curve. Moreover, the nomogram was verified by the internal validation corhort and external validation corhort.
Results
Age, gender, grade, 7th AJCC stage, ER status, PR status, Her-2 Status, breast subtype were found to be independent risk factor of OS(P < 0.05). The nomogram integrating these eight factors was constructed and proved excellent discrimination capability in the training corhort(C-index, 0.724 (95%CI, 0.716–0.732)), which was demonstrated in the internal validation corhort(C-index, 0.717 (95% CI, 0.705–0.729) and external validation corhort(C-index, 0.793 (95% CI, 0.724–0.862)). Calibration curve for the probability of 1-, 3- and 5-year OS demonstated good concordance between nomogram prediction and actual observed results in both the training and validation corhort. Besides, the DCA and clinical impact curve indicated the clinical usefulness of our constructed nomogram.
Conclusions
We developed a nomogram that integrate clinicopathological variables, which can precisely predict the 1-, 3- and 5-year OS of breast cancer patients after surgery. Validation uncovered preeminent discrimination power for the nomogram, indicating that it presents satisfactory clinical application. Therefore, the nomogram can help clinicians in formulating the suitable therapy strategies for individual patients.
Global Freshwater Discharge into the World’s Oceans Reached a Record Low Over Past Nearly 70 Years
Authors: Qin Tianling , Fan Jingjing , Zhang Xin , Feng JianMing , Li ChenHao , Dong Biqiong , Wang Kun , Zhang Cheng , Wang Hao , Zhang Jianyun , Yan Denghua
Published: May 2022

The process of freshwater discharge into the oceans is a key component of global water cycle between land and ocean. Climate change and human activities are considerably affecting the amount of surface runoff entering the ocean. This paper examines how global continental discharge into the ocean has changed over the past seven decades. The results indicate that from 1951 to 2020, global annual amount of continental discharge entering the oceans is 39.33 trillion m³ on average. It exhibited an upward trend before 2000, but fell sharply thereafter, particularly showing a faster decrease in the recent decade and reaching the record low. The overall continental discharge specific to oceans has been diminishing, except for the Arctic Ocean with a growth. About 71% of the land area experienced an abrupt changing points in the continental discharge into the ocean, among which 97% areas saw a progressive decline after the changing point. Such change is directly related to reduced precipitation, increased evaporation, and expanded human water withdrawal. The shrinkage of continental discharge into the ocean will directly impact on ocean circulation, which may further accelerate the variation of global water cycle.