bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Conductive Imidazolate Covalent Organic Frameworks with Ether Chains as Solid Electrolytes for Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yuan Yufei , Zhang Zeyu , Zhang Zhengyang , Bang Ki‐Taek , Tian Ye , Dang Zhengzheng , Gu Muhua , Wang Rui , Tao Ran , Lu Yingying , Wang Yanming , Kim Yoonseob
Published: February 2024

Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)‐based electrolytes are often used for Li+ conduction as they can dissociate the Li salts efficiently. However, high entanglement of the chains and lack of pathways for rapid ion diffusion limit their applications in advanced batteries. Recent developments in ionic covalent organic frameworks (iCOFs) showed that their highly ordered structures provide efficient pathways for Li+ transport, solving the limitations of traditional PEO‐based electrolytes. Here, we present imidazolate COFs, PI‐TMEFB‐COFs, having methoxyethoxy chains, synthesized by Debus–Radziszewski multicomponent reactions and their ionized form, Li+@PI‐TMEFB‐COFs, showing a high Li+ conductivity of 8.81 mS cm−1 and a transference number of 0.974. The mechanism for such excellent electrochemical properties is that methoxyethoxy chains dissociate LiClO4, making free Li+, then those Li+ are transported through the imidazolate COFs’ pores. The synthesized Li+@PI‐TMEFB‐COFs formed a stable interface with Li metal. Thus, employing Li+@PI‐TMEFB‐COFs as the solid electrolyte to assemble LiFePO4 batteries showed an initial discharge capacity of 119.2 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C, and 82.0 % capacity and 99.9 % Coulombic efficiency were maintained after 400 cycles. These results show that iCOFs with ether chains synthesized via multicomponent reactions can create a new chapter for making solid electrolytes for advanced rechargeable batteries.
Cyclic Diaryl λ3‐Bromanes as a Precursor for Regiodivergent Alkynylation Reactions
Authors: De Abreu Maxime , Rogge Torben , Lanzi Matteo , Saiegh Tomas J. , Houk Kendall N. , Wencel‐Delord Joanna
Published: February 2024

Regiodivergent reactions are a fascinating tool to rapidly access molecular diversity while using identical coupling partners. We have developed a new approach for regiodivergent synthesis using the dual character of hypervalent bromines. In addition to the recently reported reactivity of hypervalent bromines as aryne precursors, the first transition metal‐catalyzed reaction is reported. Accordingly, the development of these two complementary transformations allows for the alteration of regioselectivity to furnish both ortho‐ and meta‐substituted alkynylation products. Mechanistic and computational studies show how these selectivities are controlled.
Advancements in Olive‐derived Carbon: Preparation Methods and Sustainable Applications
Authors: Shabi A. H. , Prima Hardianto Yuda , Shaheen Shah Syed , Omar Al‐Qwairi Fatima , Mohamed Mostafa M. , Nasiruzzaman Shaikh M. , Saeed Alzahrani Atif , Aziz Md. Abdul
Published: February 2024

In the realm of material science, carbon materials, especially olive‐derived carbon (ODC), have become vital due to their sustainability and diverse properties. This review examines the sustainable extraction and use of ODC, a carbohydrate‐rich by‐product of olive biomass. We focus on innovative preparation techniques like pyrolysis, which are crucial forenhancing ODC′s microstructure and surface properties. Variables such as activating agents, impregnation ratios, and pyrolysis conditions significantly influence these properties. ODC′s high specific surface area renders it invaluable for applications in energy storage (batteries and supercapacitors) and environmental sectors (water purification, hydrogen storage). Its versatility and accessibility underscore its potential for broad industrial use, makingit as a key element in sustainable development. This review provides a detailed analysis of ODC preparation methodologies, its various applications, and its role in advancing sustainable energy solutions. We highlight the novelty of ODC research and its impact on future studies, establishing this review as a crucial resource for researchers and practitioners in sustainable carbon materials. As global focus shifts towards eco‐friendly solutions, ODC emerges as a critical component in shaping a sustainable, innovation‐driven future.
Using general‐case procedures outside of autism intervention: A systematic review
Authors: Hickey Carleana R. , Reeve Sharon A. , Reeve Kenneth F. , Deshais Meghan A. , Vladescu Jason C.
Published: February 2024

Recently, there has been a call for the application of behavior analytic technology to more diverse domains. Although general‐case procedures are most often applied in autism service delivery, they can be applied to more diverse domains ranging from organizational behavior management to public health initiatives. This literature review, therefore, provides an overview of technological descriptions of general‐case procedures and their applications in areas other than autism intervention. Evaluated variables include the population, independent and dependent variables, generalization measures, and social validity assessments. The results suggest that most researchers are not using a technological description of general‐case procedures nor are they assessing for generalization. Recommendations for future researchers and clinicians include better descriptions of general‐case procedures, evaluation with different populations, assessment of acceptability and more comprehensive evaluations of generalization.
Evaluation of PDL1 positive cancer cell‐specific binding activity of recombinant anti‐PDL1 scFv
Authors: Kim Sun‐Hee , Park Hae‐Min , Jeong Hee‐Jin
Published: February 2024

Programmed cell death‐ligand 1 (PDL1) is a transmembrane protein that is characterized as an immune regulatory molecule. We recently developed a recombinant single‐chain fragment of variable domain (scFv) against PDL1, which showed high binding efficiency to purified recombinant PDL1 protein. However, at that time, proof‐of‐concept data for the effect of scFv using PDL1‐expressing cells was lacking. In this study, we conducted two kinds of cell‐based immunoassays, western blotting and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, using anti‐PDL1 scFv. The results indicate that scFv can selectively and sensitively detect PDL1 from PDL1 positive human cancer cell lines. Our findings suggest that scFv could be used as a potential PDL1 inhibitor agent and probe for cell‐based immunoassays to detect PDL1.
Schizandrin A induces non‐small cell lung cancer apoptosis by suppressing the epidermal growth factor receptor activation
Authors: Zhu Linhai , Wang Yanye , Huang Xuhua , Liu Xide , Ye Bo , He Yi , Yu Haojie , Lv Wang , Wang Luming , Hu Jian
Published: February 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study is to explore the biological mechanism of Schizandrin A (SchA) inducing non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) apoptosis.

Methods

The reverse molecular docking tool “Swiss Target Prediction” was used to predict the targets of SchA. Protein–protein interaction analysis was performed on potential targets using the String database. Functional enrichment analyses of potential targets were performed with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. The conformation of SchA binding to target was simulated by chemical‐protein interactomics and molecular docking. The effect of SchA on the expression and phosphorylation level of EGFR was detected by Western blot. Lipofectamine 3000 and EGFR plasmids were used to overexpress EGFR. Apoptosis was tested with Annexin V‐FITC and propidium iodide staining, and cell cycle was detected by propidium iodide staining.

Results

The “Swiss Target Prediction” database predicted 112 and 111 targets based on the 2D and 3D structures of SchA, respectively, of which kinases accounted for the most, accounting for 24%. Protein interaction network analyses showed that molecular targets such as ERBB family and SRC were at the center of the network. Functional enrichment analyses indicated that ERBB‐related signaling pathways were enriched. Compound‐protein interactomics and molecular docking revealed that SchA could bind to the ATP‐active pocket of the EGFR tyrosine kinase domain. Laboratory results showed that SchA inhibited the phosphorylation of EGFR. Insulin could counteract the cytotoxic effect of SchA. EGFR overexpression and excess EGF or IGF‐1 had limited impacts on the cytotoxicity of SchA.

Conclusions

Network pharmacology analyses suggested that ERBB family members may be the targets of SchA. SchA can inhibit NSCLC at least in part by inhibiting EGFR phosphorylation, and activating the EGFR bypass can neutralize the cytotoxicity of SchA.
A Review on Catalytic Progress of Polysulfide Redox Reactions on Transition Metal Sulfides in Li‐S Batteries from Structural Perspective
Authors: Li Haocheng , Wang Xueyu , Ma Hongwei , Guo Daying , Wu Lianhui , Jin Huile , Chen Xi'an , Wang Shun
Published: February 2024

The commercialization of Li−S batteries is seriously hindered by polysulfides with severe shuttle effect, and the inherent insulating properties and slow reaction kinetics of insoluble Li2S products. Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) have a high adsorption capacity for polysulfides and have been shown to have a strong catalytic effect on polysulfide conversion reactions. This paper reviews the research on the application of Unary TMSs, heterostructures, etc. in Li−S batteries, and gives some research methods for TMD catalysts in Li−S batteries. Finally, it points out the main focuses and direction of future Li−S battery research and development. It aims to provide some insights into the design and manufacture of advanced Li−S batteries for commercial use.
Efficient Synthesis and Structural Analysis of Chiral 4,4′‐Biazulene
Authors: Hatakenaka Ryoji , Nishikawa Nanami , Mikata Yuji , Aoyama Hiroki , Yamashita Kohsuke , Shiota Yoshihito , Yoshizawa Kazunari , Kawasaki Yuuya , Tomooka Katsuhiko , Kamijo Shin , Tani Fumito , Murafuji Toshihiro
Published: February 2024

4,4′‐Biazulene is a potentially attractive key component of an axially chiral biaryl compound, however, its structure and properties have not been clarified owing to the lack of its efficient synthesis. We report a breakthrough in the reliable synthesis of 4,4′‐biazulene, which is achieved by the access to azulen‐4‐ylboronic acid pinacol ester and 4‐iodoazulene as novel key synthetic intermediates for the Suzuki‐Miyaura cross‐coupling reaction. The X‐ray crystallographic analysis of 4,4′‐biazulene confirmed its axial chirality. The enantiomers of 4,4′‐biazulene were successfully resolved by HPLC on the chiral stationary phase column. The kinetic experiments and DFT calculations indicate that the racemization energy barrier of 4,4′‐biazulene is comparable to that of 1,1′‐binaphthyl.
When is an Imine Directing Group a Transient Imine Directing Group in C−H Functionalization?
Authors: Higham Joe I. , Ma Tsz‐Kan , Bull James A.
Published: February 2024

‘Transient’ C−H functionalization has emerged in recent years to describe the use of a dynamic linkage, often an imine, to direct cyclometallation and subsequent functionalization. As the field continues to grow in popularity, we consider the features that make an imine directing group transient. A transient imine should be i) formed dynamically in situ, ii) avoid discrete introduction or cleavage steps, and iii) offer the potential for catalysis in both the directing group and metal. This concept article contrasts transient imines with pioneering early studies of imines as directing groups for the formation of metallacycles and the use of preformed imines in C−H functionalization. Leading developments in the use of catalytic additives to form transient directing groups (as aldehyde or amine) are covered including selected highlights of the most recent examples of catalytic imine directed C−H functionalization with transition metals.
Stabilisation of the [SiH6]2− Anion within a Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Huo Ryan , Armstrong Alicia J. , Nelmes Gareth R. , Lawes Douglas J. , Edwards Alison J. , McMullin Claire L. , Hicks Jamie
Published: February 2024

The hypercoordinate [SiH6]2− anion is not stable in solution. Here, we report the room temperature, solution stable molecular [SiH6]2− complex, [{KCa(NON)(OEt2)}2][SiH6] (NON=4,5‐bis(2,6‐diisopropylanilido)‐2,7‐di‐tert‐butyl‐9,9‐dimethyl‐xanthene)), where the [SiH6]2− anion is stabilised within a supramolecular assembly that mimics the solid‐state environment of the anion in the lattice of K2SiH6. Solution‐state reactivity of the complex towards carbon monoxide, benzaldehyde, azobenzene and acetonitrile is reported, yielding a range of reduction and C−C coupled products.
Review on the Impact of Impeller‐induced Hydrodynamics on Suspension Cell Culture for Production of Biopharmaceuticals
Authors: Pörtner Ralf , Freiberger Fabian , Möller Johannes
Published: February 2024

Hydrodynamic effects continue to play a crucial role in the design and operation of bioreactors for cultivating mammalian cells. Despite intensive studies in the past the link between hydrodynamics and biological process behaviour is still not fully understood. Common methods to describe dependencies, which relay mostly on averaged hydrodynamic parameters, does not seem to be suitable, as they do not incorporate the hydrodynamic heterogeneity. Within this review first a brief introduction to hydrodynamic effects is given, followed by an evaluation of common process design approaches with respect to hydrodynamic effects and recommendations for process development.
Shortened telomere length in peripheral blood leukocytes is associated with cumulative radioactive iodine doses in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Choi Hoonsung , Cho Sun Wook , Kim Hwan Hee , Yi Ka Hee , Park Do Joon , Park Young Joo
Published: February 2024

Background

Telomere length is associated with cancer risk and cancer aggressiveness. Radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy for thyroid cancer has raised concerns for second primary malignancy (SPM) in patients with high cumulative doses. The association between RAI dose and peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length was examined.

Methods

A total of 425 patients were included who underwent total thyroidectomy and were followed up for at least 1 year with or without RAI treatment. The relative telomere length (RTL) of the patients was assessed via a quantitative polymerase chain reaction amplification method. RAI doses were divided into five groups on the basis of cumulative dose, and a comparison was made among these groups.

Results

The number of patients with RAI treatment was 287 (67.5%), and the cumulative RAI dose was 3.33 GBq (range, 1.11–131.35 GBq). The mean RTL was significantly shorter in the highest RAI group (>22.2 GBq) compared to both the no‐RAI and lower dose groups. The association between RAI dose and RTL was positive in the lower RAI group (1.1–3.7 GBq) and negative in the highest RAI group in both univariate and multivariate analyses. We observed 59 (13.9%) SPMs and 20 (4.7%) mortalities, and RTL did not show a significant risk effect for all‐cause, thyroid cancer–specific, or SPM‐specific mortality.

Conclusions

In patients with thyroid cancer who underwent total thyroidectomy, peripheral blood leukocyte telomere length exhibited a significant association with cumulative RAI dose higher than 22.2 GBq. These results suggest the possibility of telomere length shortening in patients who undergo high‐dose RAI treatment.
How Do Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategies Impact Clinical Practice? A National Survey of Physicians
Authors: Sarpatwari Ameet , Lu Zhigang , Russo Massimiliano , Zakoul Heidi , Lee Su Been , Toyserkani Gita A. , Zhou Esther H. , LaCivita Cynthia , Shaw Katherine Hyatt Hawkins , Zendel Laura , Dal Pan Gerald J. , Kesselheim Aaron S.
Published: February 2024

The US Food and Drug Administration can require risk evaluation and mitigation strategy (REMS) programs for prescription drugs to ensure the benefits of use outweigh the risks. We conducted a national survey of physicians' experiences prescribing eight REMS‐covered drugs: (1) ambrisentan; (2) bosentan; (3) clozapine; (4) isotretinoin; (5–7) the multiple myeloma (MM) drugs lenalidomide, pomalidomide, thalidomide; and (8) sodium oxybate. Between May 2022 and January 2023, we surveyed 5,331 physician prescribers of these drugs, and 1,295 (24%) returned surveys (range: 149 for bosentan to 226 for MM drugs). Although 765 (68%) respondents thought the certification process provided useful drug information, 757 (67%) wanted materials to include benefit data and 944 (84%) non‐REMS‐related risk data. A majority (704, 63%) thought the safe use requirements facilitated discussion with patients, but a similar number (637, 57%) attributed delayed medication access to these requirements. In multivariable modeling, MM drug and isotretinoin respondents were less likely than sodium oxybate respondents to agree that the certification process provided useful drug information (MM drug: odds ratio (OR) = 0.37, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.25–0.55; isotretinoin: OR = 0.39, 95% CI = 0.25–0.61), and isotretinoin, clozapine, and bosetan respondents were more likely than sodium oxybate respondents to agree that the safe use requirements often delayed medication access (isotretinoin: OR = 5.83, 95% CI = 3.70–9.19; clozapine: OR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.08–2.54; bosentan: OR = 1.78, 95% CI = 1.12–2.85). Most physicians believe REMS programs convey useful drug safety information and facilitate discussion with patients but also seek information on benefits and non‐REMS‐related risks and better integration of REMS processes into clinical workflows.
ESG controversies and corporate performance: The moderating effect of governance mechanisms and ESG practices
Authors: Elamer Ahmed A. , Boulhaga Mounia
Published: February 2024

This paper investigates the relationship between Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) controversies and firm performance, examining the moderating influences of corporate governance structures and ESG practices. Utilizing quantitative methods, we analyze data from 5360 firm‐year observations. Our findings reveal a significant negative relation between ESG controversies and firm performance. However, well‐defined corporate governance frameworks and internal ESG strategies mitigate these adverse impacts and can transform these controversies into growth opportunities and reputation enhancement. A comparative analysis involving the United Kingdom and other European Union nations highlights the influence of geographical and regulatory contexts in shaping this dynamic. These results offer valuable insights for policymakers, corporate strategists, and investors, emphasizing the role of governance in navigating ESG controversies and enhancing firm resilience and adaptability. The study contributes to the sustainability field by providing a nuanced understanding of the interaction between ESG controversies, corporate governance, and firm performance.
Biodiesel as a Sustainable Platform Chemical Enabled by Selective Partial Hydrogenation: Compounds Outplace Combustion?!
Authors: Roth Thomas F. H. , Kühl Alexander , Spiekermann Maximilian L. , Wegener Hannes W. , Seidensticker Thomas
Published: February 2024

The hydrogenation of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in vegetable oils and their derivatives is essential for their use in many areas, such as biofuels and food chemistry. However, no attempts have been made to adapt this technology to the requirements of further chemical utilization of fatty acid methyl esters as molecular building blocks, especially for particularly promising double‐bond reactions. In this work, we, therefore, use three homogeneous catalytic model reactions (hydroformylation, isomerizing methoxycarbonylation, and ethenolysis) to show, firstly, that it is already known from the literature that high PUFA contents have a negative impact on activity and selectivity. Subsequently, using the example of soybean and canola biodiesel, we demonstrate that these key figures can be drastically improved by a preceding selective partial hydrogenation. This makes it possible to first reduce the share of PUFAs to <1 w % without causing significant overhydrogenation and then to carry out hydroformylation, methoxycarbonylation, and ethenolysis with significantly increased activity (up to twentyfold) and selectivity (up to 80 % increase). With these findings, we hope to convince the scientific and industrial world of the potential of selective partial hydrogenation as a key technology for utilizing renewable raw materials and to encourage its effective use in future work.
Thermoregulatory response in juvenile Hippocampus erectus: Effect of magnitude and rate of thermal increase on metabolism and antioxidative defence
Authors: Del Vecchio Giulia , Rodríguez‐Fuentes Gabriela , Rosas Carlos , Mascaró Maite
Published: February 2024

Behavioural, physiological and biochemical mechanisms constitute the adaptive capacities that allow marine ectotherms to explore the environment beyond their thermal optimal. Limitations to the efficiency of these mechanisms define the transition from moderate to severe thermal stress, and serve to characterise the thermoregulatory response in the zone of thermal tolerance. We selected a tropical population of Hippocampus erectus to describe the timing of the physiological and biochemical mechanisms in response to the following increments in water temperature: (i) 4°C abrupt (26–30°C in <5 min); (ii) 7°C abrupt (26–33°C); (iii) 4°C gradual (1°C every 3 h) and (iv) 7°C gradual (1.5°C every 3 h). The routine metabolic rate (Rrout) of juvenile H. erectus was measured immediately before and after 0.5, 12 and 28 h of being exposed to each thermal treatment. Samples of muscle and abdominal organs were taken to quantify indicators of aerobic and anaerobic metabolism and antioxidant enzymes and oxidative stress at each moment throughout exposure. Results showed a full thermoregulatory response within 0.5 h: Rrout increased in direct correspondence with both the magnitude and rate of thermal increase; peroxidised lipids rapidly accumulated before the antioxidant defence was activated and early lactate concentrations suggested an immediate, yet temporary, reduction in aerobic scope. After 12 h, Rrout had decreased in sea horses exposed to 30°C, but not to 33°C, where Rrout continued high until the end of trials. Within 28 h of thermal exposure, all metabolite and antioxidant defence indicators had been restored to control levels (26°C). These findings testify to the outstanding thermal plasticity of H. erectus and explain their adjustment to rapid fluctuations in ambient temperature. Such features, however, do not protect this tropical population from the deleterious effects of chronic exposure to temperatures that have been predicted for the future.
Analysis of high‐frequency electromagnetic ringing phenomenon under GaN‐FET inverter excitation
Authors: Ogishima Norihiro , Thao Nguyen Gia Minh , Fujisaki Keisuke
Published: February 2024

In this study, the ringing phenomenon of gallium nitride‐field effect transistor (GaN‐FET) and silicon‐insulated gate bipolar transistor (Si‐IGBT) inverter excitations in a ring sample was thoroughly measured and analyzed by using a high‐quality oscilloscope with a very high sampling rate of 5 giga‐samples per second (GS/s). Owing to the rapid switching of the GaN‐FET power devices in several nanoseconds and the ringing frequencies in the MHz range, the use of the high sampling rate of 5 GS/s is necessary and useful for accurate measurement. The experimental findings and analysis reveal the following three key points: (i) there are two possible types of high‐frequency resonance phenomena, that is, the first one caused by semiconductor devices and circuits and the other generated by the resonance with loads in use. (ii) The ringing phenomenon because of the resonance under the load is considered to be due to the rising time of pulses that are caused by the rapid switching of the semiconductor devices. (iii) The ability to measure and the two types of ringing phenomena depends on the intensity of the white noise of the measuring instrument
Tricuspid regurgitation: Frequency, clinical presentation, management and outcome among patients with severe left‐sided valvular heart disease in Europe. Insights from the ESC‐EORP Valvular Heart Disease II survey
Authors: Dreyfus Julien , Komar Monika , Attias David , De Bonis Michele , Ruschitzka Frank , Popescu Bogdan A. , Laroche Cécile , Tribouilloy Christophe , Bogachev Prokophiev Alexander , Mizariene Vaida , Bax Jeroen J. , Maggioni Aldo Pietro , Messika‐Zeitoun David , Vahanian Alec , Iung Bernard ,   the EORP VHD II Registry Investigators Group
Published: February 2024

Aims

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is commonly observed in patients with severe left‐sided valvular heart disease (VHD). This study sought to assess TR frequency, management and outcome in this population.

Methods and results

Among 6883 patients with severe native left‐sided VHD or previous left‐sided valvular intervention enrolled in the EURObservational Research Programme prospective VHD II survey, moderate or severe TR was very frequent in patients with severe mitral VHD (30% when mitral stenosis, 36% when mitral regurgitation [MR]), especially in patients with secondary MR (46%), and rare in patients with severe aortic VHD (4% when aortic stenosis, 3% when aortic regurgitation). An increase in TR grade was associated with a more severe clinical presentation and a poorer 6‐month survival (p < 0.0001). Rates of concomitant tricuspid valve (TV) intervention at the time of left‐sided heart valve surgery were high at the time of mitral valve surgery (50% when mitral stenosis, 41% when MR). Concordance between class I indications (patients with severe TR) for concomitant TV surgery at the time of left‐sided valvular heart surgery according to guidelines and real‐practice decision‐making was very good (88% overall, 95% in patients operated on for MR).

Conclusion

In this large international prospective survey among patients with severe left‐sided VHD, moderate/severe TR was frequent in patients with mitral valve disease and was associated with a poorer outcome as TR grade increased. In patients with severe TR, compliance to guidelines for class I indications for concomitant TV surgery at the time of left‐sided heart valve surgery was very good.
The effect of nanocarbon inclusion on mechanical, tribological, and thermal properties of phenolic resin‐based composites: An overview
Authors: Adem Andarge Ayele , Panjiar Himanshu , Daniel Brainerd Samuel Sundar
Published: February 2024

Nanocarbons including carbon nanotubes, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide and particularly graphene have unique properties such as high mechanical strength, thermally stable, highly conducting, high friction stability and lower specific wear rates, which can potentially provide synergically improved performance of advanced engineering materials and technologies for various fields of applications such as automotive, aerospace, and other industrial components. Development of phenolic resin‐based nanocomposites comprised of nanocarbon material remained as a research focus to outperform different properties of conventional material based components. In application, phenolic resin is the most popular binder in frictional components development such as brake pads, brake linings, and clutch facings, particularly used in many of light and medium automotive brake pad applications. Specifically, the present review study aims to provide thorough discussion on the mechanical, tribological, and thermal performances of phenolic resin‐based nanocomposites containing nanocarbon as a property modifier by comparing with the neat phenolic resin or with the composite containing other micro ingredients. As per presented overview, the analysis shows the significant improvement in some required application‐based properties of phenolic resin‐based nanocomposites such as tensile strength, young's modulus, impact strength, specific wear rate reduction, residue yield, and thermal conductivity due to the inclusion of nanocarbon, where the content of nanocarbons ranges about 0.5 wt% to 5 wt%. Hence nanocomposites synthesized using phenolic resin matrix with nanocarbons fillers found to have better mechanical strength, better wear resistance, and thermal stabilities when compared to pure phenolic resin and other composites.
Tail risk forecasting with semiparametric regression models by incorporating overnight information
Authors: Chen Cathy W. S. , Koike Takaaki , Shau Wei‐Hsuan
Published: February 2024

This research incorporates realized volatility and overnight information into risk models, wherein the overnight return often contributes significantly to the total return volatility. Extending a semiparametric regression model based on asymmetric Laplace distribution, we propose a family of RES‐CAViaR‐oc models by adding overnight return and realized measures as a nowcasting technique for simultaneously forecasting Value‐at‐Risk (VaR) and expected shortfall (ES). We utilize Bayesian methods to estimate unknown parameters and forecast VaR and ES jointly for the proposed model family. We also conduct extensive backtests based on joint elicitability of the pair of VaR and ES during the out‐of‐sample period. Our empirical study on four international stock indices confirms that overnight return and realized volatility are vital in tail risk forecasting.
Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oils in different populations of Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) from Iran and Iraq
Authors: Talebi Seyed Mehdi , Naser Abbas , Ghorbanpour Mansour
Published: February 2024

Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) is an annual herb belonging to the Apiaceae family that is grown worldwide. This aromatic herb has been used for its nutritional value and biological properties. In this study, we compared the essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of coriander seeds from nine Iranian and Iraqi populations for the first time. The seed oils were extracted using a Clevenger‐type apparatus, and their chemical composition was determined using GC and GC/MS Agilent apparatuses. The antimicrobial activity of the oils was tested against three infectious bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) using the agar well diffusion method. The experiments were repeated three times, and the results were analyzed using PAST, SAS, and SPSS software. The results showed that oxygenated monoterpenes, especially linalool, were the major compounds in the oils, followed by α‐pinene, γ‐terpinene, and geranyl acetate. The proportions of these compounds varied among the populations. Trace amounts of other compounds were also detected, some of which were only found in certain populations. The populations were detected as linalool chemotype, and classified into four groups based on their chemical constituents in the UPGMA tree. The PCA‐Biplot showed that these groups were characterized by the presence and percentage of specific compounds. The essential oils showed bacterial growth inhibitory properties only at 100% concentration. S. aureus was the most sensitive bacterium to the coriander essential oil, while the essential oils of all populations inhibited the growth of this bacterium. Additionally, the essential oils were more effective than antibiotics against E. coli. These findings contribute to our understanding of coriander seed essential oil by providing data on antibacterial activity and chemical characteristics. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of selecting populations based on their specific essential oil profiles for antibacterial applications.
DCP: A pipeline toolbox for diffusion connectome
Authors: Huang Weijie , Dong Xinyi , Zhao Tengda , Kucikova Ludmila , Fu Anguo , Shu Ni
Published: February 2024

The brain structural network derived from diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (dMRI) reflects the white matter connections between brain regions, which can quantitatively describe the anatomical connection pattern of the entire brain. The development of structural brain connectome leads to the emergence of a large number of dMRI processing packages and network analysis toolboxes. However, the fully automated network analysis based on dMRI data remains challenging. In this study, we developed a cross‐platform MATLAB toolbox named “Diffusion Connectome Pipeline” (DCP) for automatically constructing brain structural networks and calculating topological attributes of the networks. The toolbox integrates a few developed packages, including FSL, Diffusion Toolkit, SPM, Camino, MRtrix3, and MRIcron. It can process raw dMRI data collected from any number of participants, and it is also compatible with preprocessed files from public datasets such as HCP and UK Biobank. Moreover, a friendly graphical user interface allows users to configure their processing pipeline without any programming. To prove the capacity and validity of the DCP, two tests were conducted with using DCP. The results showed that DCP can reproduce the findings in our previous studies. However, there are some limitations of DCP, such as relying on MATLAB and being unable to fixel‐based metrics weighted network. Despite these limitations, overall, the DCP software provides a standardized, fully automated computational workflow for white matter network construction and analysis, which is beneficial for advancing future human brain connectomics application research.
Novel mixed solar cooker: Experimental, energy, exergy, and economic analysis
Authors: Benbaha Assam , Yettou Fatiha , Azoui Boubakeur , Gama Amor , Rathore Neelam , Panwar Narayan Lal
Published: February 2024

This work focuses on the structure, working, and testing of a new mixed solar cooker using a linear Fresnel collector, evacuated tube and box‐type cooker. The low‐cost components used in the construction of this cooker can help it satisfy the needs of both urban and rural inhabitants who need steady cooking temperatures above 140°C. A family of five can prepare four meals using this modified solar cooker, which costs about $250. The designed solar cooker was tested by conducting no‐load and full‐load tests. For the no‐load test, the maximum temperature of the absorber plate and oil for the new mixed cooker was recorded as 160.26°C and 172.72°C, respectively. The absorber plate of the new mixed cooker and its oil both reached their highest temperatures during the full‐load test at 141.14°C and 157°C, respectively. The energy efficiency of the new cooker is 58.776%, while its exergy efficiency is 13%. The heat transfer coefficient increased to 100.16 W/m² °C. This cooker provides an additional time savings of 60 min. An improvement of 27.5% in the highest temperature reached was seen when the developed cooker's performance was compared with those reported in the literature. Additionally, the new cooker's heat‐storing capability enables up to 3 h of autonomy. The Levelized Cost of Cooking a Meal for the innovative mixed solar cooker is $0.034 per meal.
In situ polymerization of water‐induced 1,3‐phenylene diisocyanate for enhanced efficiency and stability of inverted perovskite solar cells
Authors: Jia Shiyao , Yang Jiabao , Wang Tong , Pu Xingyu , Chen Hui , He Xilai , Feng Guangpeng , Chen Xingyuan , Bai Yijun , Cao Qi , Li Xuanhua
Published: February 2024

In the realm of photovoltaics, organometallic hybridized perovskite solar cells (PSCs) stand out as promising contenders for achieving high‐efficiency photoelectric conversion, owing to their remarkable performance attributes. Nevertheless, defects within the perovskite layer, especially at the perovskite grain boundaries and surface, have a substantial impact on both the overall photoelectric performance and long‐term operational stability of PSCs. To mitigate this challenge, we propose a method for water‐induced condensation polymerization of small molecules involving the incorporation of 1,3‐phenylene diisocyanate (1,3‐PDI) into the perovskite film using an antisolvent technique. Subsequent to this step, the introduction of water triggers the polymerization of [P(1,3‐PDI)], thereby facilitating the in situ passivation of uncoordinated lead defects inherent in the perovskite film. This passivation process demonstrates a notable enhancement in both the efficiency and stability of PSCs. This approach has led to the attainment of a noteworthy power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.66% in inverted PSCs. Furthermore, based on the P(1,3‐PDI) modification, these devices maintain 90.15% of their initial efficiency after 5000 h of storage under ambient conditions of 25°C and 50 ± 5% relative humidity. Additionally, even after maximum power point tracking for 1000 h, the PSCs modified with P(1,3‐PDI) sustain 82.05% of the initial PCE. Small molecules can rationally manipulate water and turn harm into benefit, providing new directions and methods for improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs.
Clinical and genetic factors associated with tumor response to neoadjuvant (chemo)radiotherapy, survival and recurrence risk in rectal cancer
Authors: Hammarström Klara , Nunes Luís , Mathot Lucy , Mezheyeuski Artur , Lundin Emma , Korsavidou Hult Nafsika , Imam Israa , Osterlund Emerik , Sjöblom Tobias , Glimelius Bengt
Published: February 2024

Rectal cancer poses challenges in preoperative treatment response, with up to 30% achieving a complete response (CR). Personalized treatment relies on accurate identification of responders at diagnosis. This study aimed to unravel CR determinants, overall survival (OS), and time to recurrence (TTR) using clinical and targeted sequencing data. Analyzing 402 patients undergoing preoperative treatment, tumor stage, size, and treatment emerged as robust response predictors. CR rates were higher in smaller, early‐stage, and intensively treated tumors. Targeted sequencing analyzed 216 cases, while 120 patients provided hotspot mutation data. KRAS mutation dramatically reduced CR odds by over 50% (odds ratio [OR] = 0.3 in the targeted sequencing and OR = 0.4 hotspot cohorts, respectively). In contrast, SMAD4 and SYNE1 mutations were associated with higher CR rates (OR = 6.0 and 6.8, respectively). Favorable OS was linked to younger age, CR, and low baseline carcinoembryonic antigen levels. Notably, CR and an APC mutation increased TTR, while a BRAF mutation negatively affected TTR. Beyond tumor burden, SMAD4 and SYNE1 mutations significantly influenced CR. KRAS mutations independently correlated with radiotherapy resistance, and BRAF mutations heightened recurrence risk. Intriguingly, non‐responding tumors with initially small sizes carried a higher risk of recurrence. The findings, even if limited in addition to the imperfect clinical factors, offer insights into rectal cancer treatment response, guiding personalized therapeutic strategies. By uncovering factors impacting CR, OS, and TTR, this study underscores the importance of tailored approaches for rectal cancer patients. These findings, based on extensive analysis and mutation data, pave the way for personalized interventions, optimizing outcomes in the challenges of rectal cancer preoperative treatment.
The impact of the regulatory business environment on SMEs' funding choices in developing countries: Evidence from Africa
Authors: Hansen‐Addy Andrew E. , Parrilli Mario Davide , Tingbani Ishmael
Published: February 2024

While it is known that some elements of the business environment (BE), such as macroeconomic conditions, impact access to finance and the funding choices of SMEs, very little is known whether other elements of the BE—such as the institutional setting and the regulatory business environment (RBE)—influence access to (or supply of) finance and the funding choices of SMEs. Using a World Bank Enterprise Surveys panel sample (2003–2020) from 30 African countries and employing Propensity Score Matching (PSM) methods, it is noted that while an enabling institutional setting and RBE in Africa increases access to external finance for SMEs, SMEs still opt for retained earnings over funding from banking and non‐banking financial institutions for their working capital. This funding behaviour can be explained by that SMEs located in enabling RBEs have increased productivity and financial performance and so can employ larger amounts of retained earnings for their operations. Furthermore, even though more accessible in enabling RBEs, external finance remains unaffordable for most SMEs in Africa. These findings indicate the need to tailor interventions to make varied finance more accessible and affordable for SMEs in developing countries.
Photoaffinity probe‐based antimalarial target identification of artemisinin in the intraerythrocytic developmental cycle of Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Gao Peng , Wang Jianyou , Qiu Chong , Zhang Huimin , Wang Chen , Zhang Ying , Sun Peng , Chen Honglin , Wong Yin Kwan , Chen Jiayun , Zhang Junzhe , Tang Huan , Shi Qiaoli , Zhu Yongping , Shen Shengnan , Han Guang , Xu Chengchao , Dai Lingyun , Wang Jigang
Published: February 2024

Malaria continues to pose a serious global health threat, and artemisinin remains the core drug for global malaria control. However, the situation of malaria resistance has become increasingly severe due to the emergence and spread of artemisinin resistance. In recent years, significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanism of action (MoA) of artemisinin. Prior research on the MoA of artemisinin mainly focused on covalently bound targets that are alkylated by artemisinin‐free radicals. However, less attention has been given to the reversible noncovalent binding targets, and there is a paucity of information regarding artemisinin targets at different life cycle stages of the parasite. In this study, we identified the protein targets of artemisinin at different stages of the parasite's intraerythrocytic developmental cycle using a photoaffinity probe. Our findings demonstrate that artemisinin interacts with parasite proteins in vivo through both covalent and noncovalent modes. Extensive mechanistic studies were then conducted by integrating target validation, phenotypic studies, and untargeted metabolomics. The results suggest that protein synthesis, glycolysis, and oxidative homeostasis are critically involved in the antimalarial activities of artemisinin. In summary, this study provides fresh insights into the mechanisms underlying artemisinin's antimalarial effects and its protein targets.
Epigenetic reprogramming in the transition from pluripotency to totipotency
Authors: Han Qingsheng , Ma Ru , Liu Na
Published: February 2024

Mammalian development commences with the zygote, which can differentiate into both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues, a capability known as totipotency. Only the zygote and embryos around zygotic genome activation (ZGA) (two‐cell embryo stage in mice and eight‐cell embryo in humans) are totipotent cells. Epigenetic modifications undergo extremely extensive changes during the acquisition of totipotency and subsequent development of differentiation. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Recently, the discovery of mouse two‐cell embryo‐like cells, human eight‐cell embryo‐like cells, extended pluripotent stem cells and totipotent‐like stem cells with extra‐embryonic developmental potential has greatly expanded our understanding of totipotency. Experiments with these in vitro models have led to insights into epigenetic changes in the reprogramming of pluri‐to‐totipotency, which have informed the exploration of preimplantation development. In this review, we highlight the recent findings in understanding the mechanisms of epigenetic remodeling during totipotency capture, including RNA splicing, DNA methylation, chromatin configuration, histone modifications, and nuclear organization.
Testing androgen‐induced immunosuppression: Environmental androgens as a model system for steroid‐immune interaction
Authors: López‐Pérez Jorge E. , Goessling Jeffrey M. , Murray Christopher M.
Published: February 2024

It is well known that hormones influence and direct most facets of physiology; however, there is still contention regarding the directions of certain relationships, for example, between gonadal hormones and immunity. Among the many proposed relationships relating to gonadal–immune interactions, support for immunosuppressive effects of androgens remains prominent within physiological literature. Although ample study has been directed toward the immunosuppressive effects of androgens, considerable disagreement remains regarding their influence on immune function. In this study, we test the hypothesis that androgens inhibit immunocompetence in the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis). Developing alligators were incubated at female‐producing temperatures with a subset of individuals being exposed to 17‐α‐methyltestosterone (MT) before sexual determination. 17‐α‐methyltestosterone is a potent androgen, not aromatizable by crocodilians, that has been found to exert masculinizing effects in exposed crocodilian populations in vivo and in vitro. Additionally, a subset of animals was exposed to a novel antigen to quantify innate and acquired immune function. We recovered no significant differences in leukocyte ratios or proportions between groups and found no significant differences in innate immune function as measured by hemolysis‐hemagglutination. However, we did find significant differences in acquired immune function, where masculinized individuals expressed greater antibody titers. Our findings reject the hypothesis that androgens suppress immune function; rather, androgens may be immunoenhancing to acquired humoral responses and neutral to innate humoral immunity in crocodilians.
Diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry in detection of NPM1 mutations in acute myeloid leukemia with a patchy distribution
Authors: Wei Qing , Wang Sa A. , Loghavi Sanam , Fang Hong , Medeiros L. Jeffrey , Wang Wei
Published: February 2024

Nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutations occur in approximately one‐third cases of adult de novo acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Identification of NPM1 mutations is important for classification, risk stratification, tailored therapy, and monitoring minimal residual disease. Mutational analysis is widely used for detecting NPM1 mutations. Immunochemistry assessing abnormal cytoplasmic localization of NPM1 protein has been used as a surrogate marker for NPM1 mutations. We present a case of AML with mutated NPM1 that was missed by sequencing analysis but detected by immunohistochemistry. This case highlights the value of immunohistochemistry in identifying NPM1 mutations in a subset of AML cases.