bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A tool to evaluate proportionality and necessity in the use of restrictive practices in forensic mental health settings: The DRILL tool (Dundrum Restriction, Intrusion and Liberty Ladders).
Authors: Kennedy Harry G , Mullaney Ronan , McKenna Paul , Thompson John , Timmons David , Gill Pauline , O'Sullivan Owen P , Braham Paul , Duffy Dearbhla , Kearns Anthony , Linehan Sally , Mohan Damian , Monks Stephen , McLoughlin Lisa , O'Connell Paul , O'Neill Conor , Wright Brenda , O'Reilly Ken , Davoren Mary
Published: April 2020

Background: Prevention of violence due to severe mental disorders in psychiatric hospitals may require intrusive, restrictive and coercive therapeutic practices. Research concerning appropriate use of such interventions is limited by lack of a system for description and measurement. We set out to devise and validate a tool for clinicians and secure hospitals to assess necessity and proportionality between imminent violence and restrictive practices including de-escalation, seclusion, restraint, forced medication and others. Methods: In this retrospective observational cohort study, 28 patients on a 12 bed male admissions unit in a secure psychiatric hospital were assessed daily for six months. Data on adverse incidents were collected from case notes, incident registers and legal registers. Using the functional assessment sequence of antecedents, behaviours and consequences (A, B, C) we devised and applied a multivariate framework of structured professional assessment tools, common adverse incidents and preventive clinical interventions to develop a tool to analyse clinical practice. We validated by testing assumptions regarding the use of restrictive and intrusive practices in the prevention of violence in hospital. We aimed to provide a system for measuring contextual and individual factors contributing to adverse events and to assess whether the measured seriousness of threating and violent behaviours is proportionate to the degree of restrictive interventions used. General Estimating Equations tested preliminary models of contexts, decisions and pathways to interventions. Results: A system for measuring adverse behaviours and restrictive, intrusive interventions for prevention had good internal consistency and inter-rater reliability. Interventions were proportionate to seriousness of harmful behaviours. A ‘Pareto’ group of patients (5/28) were responsible for the majority (80%) of adverse events, outcomes and interventions. The seriousness of the precipitating events correlated with the degree of restrictions utilised to safely manage or treat such behaviours. Conclusion: Observational scales can be used for restrictive, intrusive or coercive practices in psychiatry even though these involve interrelated complex sequences of interactions. The DRILL tool has been validated to assess the necessity and demonstrate proportionality of restrictive practices. This tool will be of benefit to services when reviewing practices internally, for mandatory external reviewing bodies and for future clinical research paradigms.
The circulating levels of CTRP5 and the ratio of CTRP1 to CTRP5 plasma levels are significant predictors for cIMT value in patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Majidi Ziba , Omidifar Abolfazl , Emamgholipour Solaleh , Fard Soheil Rahmani , Poustchi Hossein , Shanaki Mehrnoosh
Published: April 2020

Background There is growing evidence that C1qTNF-related protein (CTRP) family has crucial role in physiology and pathophysiology of metabolic disorders such as Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) and obesity. We sought to identify the association of CTRP1 and CTRP5 circulating levels with various obesity parameters such as visceral adipose tissue (VAT) thickness, visceral adiposity index (VAI) and with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in patients with T2D and healthy subjects. Methods This case- control study recruited 42 T2D patients and 42 healthy adults (all men). cIMT and VAT thickness measurement were performed using an Accuvix XQ ultrasound. Circulating CTRP1 and CTRP5 concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results CTRP-1 and CTRP1/CTRP5 ratio were markedly higher in patients with T2D compared to controls (p < 0001 and p < 0004 respectively). Interestingly, binominal logistic regression revealed that higher circulating level of CTRP1 was associated with presence of T2D (odds ratio [OR]: 13203.554 [95% CI: 65.186-2674407.708]; P=.000). When considering the study population as a whole, CTRP1 circulating levels were correlated with WHR, VAT and HOMA-IR. In addition, we observed that the ratio of CTRP1 to CTRP5 plasma levels (β = 0.648, P=0.005) and CTRP5 circulating levels (β = 0.4 44, P=0.049) are significant predictors for cIMT value. Conclusions Our results indicated that CTRP1 and CTRP5 concentrations were correlated with atherosclerosis in human subjects and these adipokines might have a causal role for cardiometabolic risk in type 2 diabetes disease
A multi-centered, retrospective, descriptive study on 107 dead patients with COVID-19
Authors: zhang chong , Wu Minhao , Zhu Xiaobin , wu meng , zhu yufan , li kun , deng zhouming , xie yuanlong , cai lin
Published: April 2020

Since the emergence of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China, it has caused thousands of deaths. As the ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 around the world, the number of deaths will definitely continue to increase. We aimed to further describe the clinical characteristics of dead cases with COVID-19 through a large sample and multi-centered study and to find some clinical predictors for the deterioration of COVID-19 during the process.

Methods
One hundred and seven patients (16 patients from Lei Shen-Shan Hospital, 54 patients from Seventh Hospital of Wuhan and 37 patients from Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University) with COVID-19 were enrolled in our research from Jan 22 to Feb 29, 2020. The demographic, clinical, radiological, laboratory and treatment data of all cases were analysed.

Results
Of the 107 dead patients with COVID-19, 71 (66.4%) were male and 36 (33.6%) were female. The mean age of the patients was 71.2 ± 12.1 years. 82 (76.6%) of patients had chronic diseases. The mean duration from admission to death was 9 (IQR,5-14) days. Respiratory functional damage was the most common one followed by heart and kidney. Hematuria was found in 36(33.6%) patients. 89(83.2%) patients’ albumin levels were decreased. 68(63.6%) patients had anemia. concerning laboratory results, 55 (69.6%) and 56 (70.1%) patients have the elevated white blood cells and elevated Neutrophils during the process; only 43 (54.4%) have the decreased Lymphocytes; The values of platelets and haemoglobin decreased in 64(81.0%) and 58 (73.4%) patients. Alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase elevated in near half of patients, while almost 80% of patients have the decreased albumin. The elevated blood urea nitrogen and cystatin C were manifested in about 70% of patients. Procalcitonin was elevated in 38 (71.7%) patients.

Conclusions
In conclusion, the older men with chronic diseases are more likely to die from COVID-19. Apart from that, more attention should be pay on timely treatment, coinfections, malnutrition, and dysfunction of kidney and coagulation. The rising values (white blood cell, blood urea nitrogen, cystatin C, PCT and PT) and the decreased values (PLT, Hb and albumin) maybe meaningful for predict the poor prognosis.
Is fibroid location associated with hemorrhage and complication rates following laparoscopic myomectomy?
Authors: Aslan Kiper , Orhan Adnan , Turkgeldi Engin , Suer Ebru , Duzok Nergis , Ozerkan Kemal , Ata Baris , Uncu Gurkan
Published: April 2020

Objective To determine whether hemorrhage and complication rates vary according location of the dominant fibroid following laparoscopic myomectomy. Background Laparoscopic myomectomy is associated with less postoperative pain, analgesic requirement, shorter hospitalization period, and less febrile complications when compared to conventional laparotomy. Despite the advantages, complications like hemorrhage, blood transfusion, bowel and urinary tract injury and conversion to laparotomy may be seen in laparoscopic myomectomy. We don’t know whether fibroid location effect these complications. Materials & Methods Women, who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy at two different tertiary academic hospitals, were analyzed retrospectively. Only women with at least one intramural fibroid (Monroe type 3, 4 or 5) were included. Patients were categorized according to localization of the dominant fibroid, i.e. anterior uterine wall, posterior uterine wall, and fundus. Change in hemoglobin levels before and after surgery, and complication rates were compared across categories. Results 219 women with mean age of 35.7 +/-6 years were included. There were 81 women with fundal fibroid, 56 with anterior wall, and 72 with posterior wall fibroid. Other 10 women with intraligamentary and isthmic fibroid were excluded. The mean fibroid diameter was 6.7 ± 2.6, 6.6 ± 2.3, and 6.7 ± 2.3 cm in the fundal, anterior and posterior groups, respectively (p=0.9). The median (25 th – 75 th percentile) changes in hemoglobin levels were 1.5 (0.8 – 2.2), 1.3 (0.6 – 2.1), and 1.3 (0.9 – 2) g/dl in fundal, anterior and posterior wall groups, respectively (p = 0.55). There were 5 (6.2%), 5 (8.9%), and 2 (2.8%) complications in fundal, anterior, and posterior wall groups, respectively (p = 0.33). Conclusion Incidence of hemorrhage or complication does not seem to vary depending on fibroid location. However, the sample size was limited, the observed values suggest that fibroid location does not affect hemorrhage and complication rates.
The Balanced Opioid Initiative: Protocol for a clustered, sequential, multiple-assignment randomized trial to construct an adaptive implementation strategy to improve guideline-concordant opioid prescribing in primary care
Authors: Quanbeck Andrew , Almirall Daniel , Jacobson Nora , Brown Randall T. , Landeck Jillian K. , Madden Lynn , Cohen Andrew , Deyo Brienna MF , Robinson James , Johnson Roberta A. , Schumacher Nicholas
Published: April 2020

Background Rates of opioid prescribing tripled in the United States between 1999 and 2015 and were associated with significant increases in opioid misuse and overdose death. Roughly half of all opioids are prescribed in primary care. Although clinical guidelines describe recommended opioid prescribing practices, implementing these guidelines in a way that balances safety and effectiveness vs. risk remains a challenge. The literature offers little help about which implementation strategies work best in different clinical settings or how strategies could be tailored to optimize their effectiveness in different contexts. Systems consultation consists of: (1) educational/engagement meetings with audit and feedback reports, (2) practice facilitation, and (3) prescriber peer consulting. The study is designed to discover the most cost-effective sequence and combination of strategies for improving opioid prescribing practices in diverse primary care clinics.Methods/Design The study is a hybrid type 3 clustered, sequential, multiple-assignment randomized trial (SMART) that randomizes clinics from two health systems at two points, months 3 and 9, of a 21-month intervention. Clinics are provided one of four sequences of implementation strategies: a condition consisting of educational/engagement meetings and audit and feedback alone (EM/AF), EM/AF plus practice facilitation (PF), EM/AF + prescriber peer consulting (PPC), and EM/AF + PF + PPC. The study’s primary outcome is morphine-milligram equivalent (MME) dose by prescribing clinicians within clinics. The study’s primary aim is the comparison of EM/AF + PF + PPC versus EM/AF alone on change in MME from month 3 to month 21. The secondary aim is to derive cost estimates for each of the four sequences and compare them. The exploratory aim is to examine four tailoring variables that can be used to construct an adaptive implementation strategy to meet the needs of different primary care clinics.Discussion Systems consultation is a practical blend of implementation strategies used in this case to improve opioid prescribing practices in primary care. The blend offers a range of strategies in sequences from minimally to substantially intensive. The results of this study promise to help us understand how to cost effectively improve the implementation of evidence-based practices.Trial registration NCT 04044521 (ClinicalTrial.gov). Registered 05 August 2019.
Impact of Smoking Status on Hospital Outcome of Patients with ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction Either Treated by Pharmacy-invasive Strategy or Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention .
Authors: Alaarag Ahmed , Hassan Timoor , Abouomar Mahmoud
Published: April 2020

Background: Smoking is a common public problem with a high health burden. Many studies have shown that there are many hazardous actions of smoking on body systems especially haemostatic, respiratory and circulatory systems.Smoking may increase the thrombus burden in patients with acute coronary syndrome. The ‘smoker’s paradox’ has been described for more than 25 years. Its existence and its effect on patients’ outcome post myocardial infarction are debatable. So we conducted our study to assess the impact of smoking status on outcome of STEMI patients and efficacy of pharmaco-invasive strategy in treating STEMI patients compared to PPCI. Methods: We conducted our prospective observational study in the Cardiology department from-August 2018 to August 2019 on patients who are presented by STEMI with the duration from onset of symptoms to first medical contact were 12 hours or less we included 199 patients in our study.Patients are divided into 4 groups Group 1(Smokers treated by PPCI) Group 2 (Non-smokers treated by PPCI) Group 3 (Smoker treated by pharmaco-invasive strategy)Group 4 (Non-smoker treated by pharmaco-invasive strategy) TIMI flow before and after PCI, acute heart failure and death was assessed in each patient.Results:Smokers are younger than non-smokers and have fewer co-morbidities. Patients treated by primary PCI and pharmaco-invasive strategy either smokers and non-smokers there was no significant difference between the 4 groups in angiographic data and outcome except that smokers treated by pharmaco-invasive strategy had a lower incidence of TIMI flow III at diagnostic angiography before PCI with P value (0.047 ) Conclusion: There is no actual smokers paradox. Pharmaco-invasive strategy is a good option when a PPCI is not available. Finally, early transfer of smokers treated with a pharmaco-invasive strategy to a PCI capable hospital for early intervention may be recommended.
Hypofractionated palliative volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy with the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group 8502 “QUAD shot” regimen for incurable head and neck cancer
Authors: Toya Ryo , Saito Tetsuo , Yamaguchi Kohsei , Matsuyama Tomohiko , Watakabe Takahiro , Matsumoto Tadashi , Yoshida Ryoji , Hirosue Akiyuki , Murakami Daizo , Orita Yorihisa , Nakayama Hideki , Oya Natsuo
Published: April 2020

Background : To review a single institutional experience of the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) 8502 “QUAD shot” regimen using volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy (VMAT) for incurable head and neck cancer (HNC). Methods : Thirty-four consecutive patients with HNC were treated with at least 1 cycle of the RTOG 8502 regimen. Treatment plans included the use of VMAT with 6 MV photons generated by a linear accelerator. Two daily fractions of 3.7 Gy were delivered with an interval of at least 6 h for 2 consecutive days, totaling 14.8 Gy over 4 fractions. This was repeated every 3–4 weeks for a total of 3 cycles. No concurrent systemic therapy was performed. Results : The number of completed cycles was 1 in 6 (18%) patients, 2 in 5 (15%), and 3 in 23 (68%). Tumor response was achieved in 29 (85%) patients and symptom relief in 20 (77%) of 26 patients. Overall response (tumor response or symptom relief) was achieved in 32 (94%) patients. All patients who received 2 or more treatment cycles achieved overall response. Median overall survival (OS) was 5.7 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that completion of all 3 treatment cycles was significantly associated with better OS ( P = 0.002). Grade 2 toxicity was observed in 4 (12%) patients, but no acute or late toxicities of Grade ≥3 were observed. Conclusions : The RTOG 8502 “QUAD shot” regimen using VMAT is effective for incurable HNC with highly reduced toxicities. Treatment with multiple cycles is recommended for better treatment response and/or survival.
Reducing regional inequality in community-based treatment of childhood pneumonia in Ethiopia: A sub-national distributional cost-effectiveness analysis
Authors: Olsen Maria , Norheim Ole F. , Memirie Solomon Tessema
Published: April 2020

Background

Scaling up coverage of community-based treatment of childhood pneumonia (CCM) is part of the strategy to promote equity and reduce under-five mortality rate (U5MR) in Ethiopia. However, urban children with symptoms of pneumonia are still more than twice as likely to receive treatment compared with rural children having similar symptoms. There are no sub-national cost-effectiveness analyses available to inform decision makers on the most equitable scale-up strategy.

Objectives

To model sub-national cost-effectiveness and inequality impacts of scaling up coverage of CCM in each of the 11 Ethiopian regions. We also explore three different scale-up strategies: reducing geographical inequalities, health maximization and universal scale-up.

Methods

For each region, we developed a Markov model and estimated the cost-effectiveness of scaling up coverage to 90 percent. Data inputs were collected through literature review. Effects were modeled as life years gained and under-five deaths averted. Inputs on unit costs were adjusted to the proportions of rural and urban population in each region. In scenario analysis, we estimated costs, health effects and, by the use of the Gini measure applied to health, the inequality impacts of three different scale-up strategies: 1) maximizing health by prioritizing the regions where the intervention was the most cost-effective, 2) reducing geographical inequality by prioritizing the regions with the highest baseline U5MR and 3) universally scaling up to 90% coverage in all the regions.

Results

Universal scale-up of CCM would cost about 1.3 billion USD and prevent about 90,000 under-five deaths. This is less than 15,000 USD per life saved and translates to an increase in life expectancy at birth of 1.6 years across Ethiopia. The regional incremental-cost effectiveness ratio (ICER) of scaling up the intervention coverage varied from 26 USD per life year gained in Addis to 199 USD per life year gained in the SNNP region. In scenario analysis, we found that prioritizing regions with high U5MR is effective in reducing geographical inequalities, although at the cost of some fewer lives saved.

Conclusions

Our model results illustrate a trade-off between maximizing health and reducing health inequalities, two common policy-aims in low-income settings.
Intention Matters: Future medical student practice intentions vary by cohort
Authors: Clithero-Eridon Amy , Crandall Cameron , Ross Andrew
Published: April 2020

Background: Primary care is a broad spectrum specialty that can serve both urban and rural populations. It is important to examine the specialties students are selecting to enter, future community size they intend to practice in as well as whether they intend to remain in the communities in which they trained.Aim: The goals of this study were to characterize the background and career aspirations of medical students. Objectives were to (1) explore whether there are points in time during training that may affect career goals and (2) assess how students’ background and stated motivations for choosing medicine as a career related to intended professional practice.Setting: The setting for this study was the Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, located in Durban, South Africa.Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 597 NRMSM medical students in their first, fourth, or sixth-year studies during the 2017 academic year.Results: Our findings show a noticeable lack of interest in primary care, and in particular, family medicine amongst graduating students. Altruism is not as motivating a factor for practicing medicine as it was among students beginning their education.Conclusion: Selection of students into medical school should consider personal characteristics such as background and career motivation. Once students are selected, local context matters for training to sustain motivation. Selection of students most likely to practice primary care, then emphasizing family medicine and community immersion with underserved populations, can assist in building health workforce capacity.
City Lockdown and Nationwide Intensive Community Screening Are Effective In Controlling COVID-19 Epidemic: Analysis Based on A Modified SIR Model
Authors: Peng Tailai , Liu Xinhao , Ni Hefeng , Cui Zhe , Du Lei
Published: April 2020

In December 2019, an outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic occurred in Wuhan, China and this infection has spread rapidly into more than 109 countries around the world. To limit the rapid spread in community and nationwide, Wuhan city lockdown and nationwide intensive community screening were employed by Chinese government. To assess the effectiveness of city lockdown and intensive community screening, we built a modified SIR model by introducing an α value into the classic SIR model. The α value represents the proportion of the infected that is not effectively isolated from the susceptible at a given time point. The α value of China excluding Hubei province was largely reduced by Wuhan city lockdown. Although the α value of Wuhan city dropped a little with city lockdown, but dropped rapidly with intensive community screening. With the decrease of α value, the epidemic in China would be end at the beginning of June 2020. With current epidemiological data, the infection cases in South Korea and Italy are predicted to increase exponentially in the next days, if stringent mitigation measures were not adopted.Authors Tailai Peng and Xinhao Liu contributed equally to this work.
Table 1: Phylogeographic, morphometric and taxonomic re-evaluation of the river sardine, Mesobola brevianalis (Boulenger, 1908) (Teleostei, Cyprinidae, Chedrini)
Authors: Ridden Megan A , Bills Roger , Villet Martin H
Published: April 2020

The river sardine, Mesobola brevianalis (Boulenger, 1908), is the type species of Mesobola Howes, 1984.
Standard phylogenetic analyses of partial sequences of the cytochrome oxidase I
gene of individuals from populations across southern Africa that are currently
identified as M. brevianalis showed that
these populations represent four genetically distinct allopatric lineages.
Furthermore, Engraulicypris sardella (Günther, 1868), the type species of Engraulicypris Günther,
1894, was convincingly nested amongst these clades.

Table 1. Sample catalogue numbers and locality information for
specimens from which DNA was extracted for phylogenetic analysis.
Grim situation of the world due to COVID19: economic perspective
Authors: Mahboob Ali Muhammad
Published: April 2020

Besides human death economic catastrophe, which has already been started around the world due to COVID19, a question arises how to tackle the devastating nature of this pandemic. The study is basically done based on secondary sources. Time period of the study was up to April 6, 2020. The study tried to get a conceptual view for time demanding collaborative effort among the global arena so that this pandemic cannot make long-lasting devastating impact on global economy. The study also did a small opinion poll survey by email/cell phone, land phone, and personally asking by maintaining social distance among 108 respondents considering three segments of the income strata of the people in Bangladesh. Based on the respondents replies, Figure 2 was drawn, which is shown in Appendix.
Developing a Web-based decision support system for reservoir flood management
Authors: Ghobadi Mokhtar , Kaboli Hesam Seyed
Published: April 2020

Proper management of reservoirs in flood conditions minimizes flood damage and keeps the reservoir in a stable condition. This paper presents a Web-based decision support system of reservoir flood management (WDRFM) for reservoirs with gated spillways. WDRFM is capable of estimating the current situation of the reservoir and before the flood reaches the reservoir, provides the operator with suggestions to have optimal control over gates, using multistage simulation-optimization models to minimize flood damage downstream. Investigating the possibility of changing the dam's discharge gates, carrying out dam pre-release, and announcing relevant flood control warnings can all be performed by WDRFM, while allowing the operator to determine such observations and make final decisions on a time step basis. To assess the performance of WDRFM, 15 scenarios in four groups for flood management were defined on April 14, 2016 at Dez Dam, Iran. A comparison of one scenario with similar initial conditions with the occurrence of flood event has shown that a daily peak discharge shows 997 m3/s decrease from that recorded by the operator. The ability to examine different scenarios based on the conditions at any time in the WDRFM enables the decision-makers and operators to confront various circumstances.
Research Progress of the UPR Mechanism and its Effect on Improving Foreign Protein Expression
Authors: Wang Bao-Chen , Zhang Si-Tong , Chen Guang
Published: April 2020

:

The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a protective mechanism against endoplasmic
reticulum (ER) stress that induces a series of signal transduction pathways to eliminate misfolded
proteins. The UPR mechanism is highly conserved in fungi, higher organisms, plants and mammals.
The UPR pathway is activated to stabilize ER functions when there are too many unfolded
proteins or misfolded proteins in the ER. However, stress continues when ER proteins are stimulated
by toxic substances that affect the balance of the UPR pathway, which causes changes in the
structure and function of the ER and other organelles. These ultimately disrupt homeostasis in the
body and cause pathological reactions that can be fatal. The UPR mechanism has clear effects on
stabilizing the protein-folding environment. Dysfunction or disruption of the UPR mechanism is associated
with numerous disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases, loss of control of protein
secretion, cerebral ischemia and epilepsy, neuropsychiatric diseases, eye diseases, skin diseases,
metabolic and inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, and heart disease. Thus, characterization of
UPR function and its dysfunction has significant importance and has broad application prospects,
which make research into the UPR a research hotspot.
Модификация атомной и электронной структуры поверхности полупроводников А-=SUP=-III-=/SUP=-В-=SUP=-V-=/SUP=- на границе с растворами электролитов О б з ор
Authors: Лебедев М.В.
Published: April 2020

Recent experimental and theoretical results on modification of the surface atomic and electronic structure of various III–V semiconductor with electrolyte solutions are reviewed. The relationship between the chemical and charge transfer processes that proceed at the semiconductor/electrolyte interfaces and accompanying modification of the semiconductor surface atomic and electronic structure is revealed. Advances in the application of electrolyte solutions for modification of the semiconductor nanostructures and device performance are discussed.
Tactics for Drawing Youth to Vaping: Content Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Advertisements (Preprint)
Authors: Struik Laura L , Dow-Fleisner Sarah , Belliveau Michelle , Thompson Desiree , Janke Robert
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

The use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), also known as vaping, has risen exponentially among North American youth in recent years and has become a critical public health concern. The marketing strategies used by e-cigarette companies have been associated with the uptick in use among youth, with video advertisements on television and other electronic platforms being the most pervasive strategy. It is unknown how these advertisements may be tapping into youth needs and preferences.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this 2-phase study was to examine the marketing strategies that underpin e-cigarette advertisements, specifically in the context of television.

METHODS

In phase 1, a scoping review was conducted to identify various influences on e-cigarette uptake among youth. Results of this scoping review informed the development of a coding framework. In phase 2, this framework was used to analyze the content of e-cigarette advertisements as seen on 2 popular television channels (Discovery and AMC).

RESULTS

In phase 1, a total of 20 articles met the inclusion criteria. The resultant framework consisted of 16 key influences on e-cigarette uptake among youth, which were categorized under 4 headings: personal, relational, environmental, and product-related. In phase 2, 38 e-cigarette advertisements were collected from iSpot.tv and represented 11 popular e-cigarette brands. All of the advertisements tapped into the cited influences of youth e-cigarette uptake, with the most commonly cited influences (product and relational) tapping into the most, at 97% (37/38) and 53% (20/38), respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings highlight the multidimensional influences on youth uptake of e-cigarettes, which has important implications for developing effective antivaping messages, and assist public health professionals in providing more comprehensive prevention and cessation support as it relates to e-cigarette use. The findings also bring forward tangible strategies employed by e-cigarette companies to recruit youth into vaping. Understanding this is vital to the development of cohesive strategies that combat these provaping messages.
LEARNING MATHEMATICAL MODELLING WITH AUGMENTED REALITY MOBILE MATH TRAILS PROGRAM: HOW CAN IT WORK?
Authors: Cahyono Adi Nur , Sukestiyarno Yohanes Leonardus , Asikin Mohammad , Miftahudin Miftahudin , Ahsan Muhammadi Ghozian Kafi , Ludwig Matthias
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study is to investigate how an augmented reality mobile math trails program can provide opportunities for students to engage in meaningful mathematical modelling activities. An explorative research design was conducted involving two mathematics teachers and 30 eight grades in Semarang, Indonesia. An Augmented Reality Mobile Math Trails App was created, and several math trail tasks were designed, then students run the activity. Data were gathered by means of participatory observation, interviews, questionnaires, tests, and worksheets. Data analysis began with the organisation, annotation, description of the data and statistic tests. The findings indicate that an educational program was successfully designed, which offered students a meaningful mathematical experience. A mobile app was also developed to support this program. The mobile app with augmented reality features is helpful for students as a tool that bridges the gap between real-world situations and mathematical concepts in problem-solving following the mathematical modelling cycle. The program thus contributes to a higher ability in mathematical modelling. The study identified a link between instrumented techniques in programs and mathematical modelling, as built during the instrumentation process. Further studies are essential for project development and implementation in other cities with different situations and aspects of study.
The rheological properties of wheat dough containing zeolite residue
Authors: Bodroza-Solarov Marija , Rajic Nevenka , Pezo Lato , Kojic Jovana , Krulj Jelena , Filipcev Bojana , Jevtic-Mucibabic Rada
Published: April 2020

The use of natural zeolite ? clinoptilolite, to protect wheat grain from storage insects within environmentally-friendly storage techniques can lead to the presence of small amounts of zeolite residues in flour. This study investigated the influence of as-received zeolite clinoptilolite (Z) and sodium-rich clinoptilolite (NaZ) in wheat dough on the dough rheological properties. Zeolites were added to dough at 0.5-1.5 wt.% flour basis level, which is a range expected to remain in the grain (flour) after treatment to control storage pests. The effects were studied in two types of wheat, conventional (Triticum aestivum) and spelt (T. aestivum spp. spelta) because they initially differ in rheological properties. NaZ was used to discern whether the presence of increased concentration of Na+ in the zeolite was able to exert a higher strengthening effect as compared to as-received zeolite (Z). NaZ exerted the highest dough strengthening effect which was mainly reflected as decreased dough softening and increased water absorption. The fact that the presence of NaZ was the most effective factor in improving the dough rheological profile suggested that the presence of movable cations in the zeolite lattice might have a pronounced role in the mechanism by which zeolite affects dough behaviour.
Hakekat Agama Dalam Perspektif Filsafat Perenial
Authors: Amallia Siti
Published: April 2020

Religion in life aside from functioning as a guide to life individually, religion also functions as an instrument in dealing with all differences. But now, religion in empirical reality begins to lose its social function. religious guidance that teaches to live peacefully and love one another, turns into a disaster that hates and destroys each other. Therefore, the discussion that will be examined in this article is: How does perennial philosophy explain the nature of religion? This problem will be examined by researchers with a descriptive approach, hermeneutics, and historical continuity. The nature of religion in the perspective of perennial philosophy can be seen from two sides, namely exoteric and esoteric. The exoteric side sees the nature of religion in terms of forms related to historicity, culture, customs, and ethnicity in certain societies. While the esoteric side sees the nature of religion by finding common ground to trace the historical chain of the growth of religion. The meeting point is located at the level of substance that has a transcendent unity. So, from an esoteric point of view the nature of religion is one not divided, but from this one radiates various truths. When the nature of religion is seen in different forms, then it is of relative value, because each adherent of the religion has an exclusive claim about the religion that is adhered to. But when religion is seen in transcendent unity, that is called absolute truth.
The History of Al-Maturidy Theology In The Volga Region
Authors: Adygamov Ramil
Published: April 2020

Al-Maturidy theology has been considered as a traditional creed for many regions in the world, including Volga region of Russia. Throughout the Soviet period, Muslims in Volga were forced to practice their religion in secretive manner, which eventually caused an interruption in the chain of spiritual continuity. But, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, Muslims in Volga started to return to their ethno-confessional tradition. At the same time, the theological tradition had to compete with the Salafi ideology which begun to arrive in the region from abroad. As such has triggered the Muslim proponents of Maturidy traditions to reclaim their heritage. This study aims at tracing the historical process of the origin and development of Maturidy thought in the Volga-Ural region. It uses descriptive and comparative methods and the theory of continuity and changes. Observing the chronological sequence, the study traces the process of the origin and development of Maturidy ideology. The chronological scope of this study is limited by the period from the tenth century until our time. The study reveals that the al-Maturidy's teachings in the region for all periods of historical development have experienced five periods. Three periods show a rapid development stage and two periods experience a decline.
“My heart goes shut up, shut up!”: Gay marriage to an Indian man—one year on
Authors: Rangiwai Byron
Published: April 2020

I am Māori, gay and married to an Indian man. We have been married for a year now. I cannot identify my lawfully wedded “partner”[1] because he comes from a culture that is so ultra-conservative, that to do so would cause for him a deep and certain social death. I do not post pictures of him on social media. He does not have Facebook, but if he did, I would not tag him into any posts. I do not have “married” as my relationship status on Facebook as it would cause questions to be asked that I would not be able to answer without exposing him. Being in a same-sex marriage with an Indian man is difficult to say the least. My heart literally goes “shut up, shut up!”
The impacts of COVID-19 on hongi and the advent of the ‘East Coast Wave’
Authors: Rangiwai Byron
Published: April 2020

First, this article will explain the origins of the hongi. Second, this paper will describe COVID-19. Third, this article will discuss the advent of the ‘East Coast Wave’ as a means of temporarily replacing the hongi in response to the threat of COVID-19.
Legal Protection of Patient Data Confidentiality Electronic Medical Records
Authors: Amir Nabbilah
Published: April 2020

The use of electronic devices is inseparable from life today, entering the Industrial Revolution era where technological sophistication can replace human tasks, so the use of electronic devices can not only be found in domestic life, offices, and education but also in medical services. The various facilities offered by health care providers both hospitals and clinics in the form of technology utilization are increasingly rapidly becoming one of the electronic medical records that are expected to have a positive impact on reducing paper use. Medical records that used paper (conventional) were changed to electronic medical records. The purpose of this study is to find out and analyze the extent to which electronic medical records can protect the confidentiality of patient data and function as evidence in court in malpractice cases. This study uses normative legal research methods and uses the statute approach method. The results of this study indicate that there needs to be a concern from the government in providing legal certainty regarding the existence of electronic medical records, given that the application has been carried out by several hospitals and clinics in Indonesia. The government should provide standard legal certainty to the changes in conventional medical records to electronic medical records in the form of the issuance of specific laws and regulations regulating electronic medical records.
Introducción. Sobre el espíritu como voluntad libre que quiere su propia libertad.
Authors: Padial Juan José
Published: April 2020

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Subjectivity and Temporality in Hegel’s Philosophy of Right
Authors: Kontou Angeliki D.
Published: April 2020

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REINVENT 2.0 – an AI Tool for De Novo Drug Design
Authors: Blaschke Thomas , Arús-Pous Josep , Chen Hongming , Margreitter Christian , Tyrchan Christian , Engkvist Ola , Papadopoulos Kostas , Patronov Atanas
Published: April 2020

With this application note we aim to offer the community a production-ready tool for de novo design. It can be effectively applied on drug discovery projects that are striving to resolve either exploration or exploitation problems while navigating the chemical space. By releasing the code we are aiming to facilitate the research on using generative methods on drug discovery problems and to promote the collaborative efforts in this area so that it can be used as an interaction point for future scientific collaborations.
Peran Dukungan Sosial dalam Peningkatan Motivasi Berprestasi pada Remaja dari Keluarga Menengah Kebawah di Kabupaten Kudus
Authors: Falikah Tri Yaumil
Published: April 2020

Motivasi berprestasi merupakan faktor yang sangat penting dalam memajukan peradaban bangsa. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi motivasi adalah dukungan sosial baik dari keluarga, sekolah, kawan sebaya, dan juga lingkungan hidup. Seabagaimana remaja pada umumnya, dukungan sosial juga sangat diperlukan bagi remaja dari keluarga menengah kebawah agar tetap memiliki motivasi berprestasi. Di Kabupaten Kudus, jumlah penduduk miskin pada tahun 2013 pernah mengalami peningkatan jumlah yaitu 70.100 jiwa. Adapun metode pengumpulan data menggunakan angket yang terdiri dari angket dukungan sosial dan motivasi berprestasi. Analisis data dengan korelasi digunakan untuk mengukur korelasi antara variabel dukungan sosial dengan motivasi berprestasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dukungan sosial berkorelasi positif signifikan dengan motivasi berprestasi pada remaja dari keluarga menengah kebawah di Kabupaten Kudus. Hal ini ditunjukan dengan besarnya nilai korelasi (R) yaitu sebesar 0.222 dan diperoleh koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0.049, yang mengandung pengertian bahwa pengaruh variabel bebas (dukungan sosial) terhadap variabel terikat (motivasi berprestasi) adalah sebesar 49%, sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel yang lain.
Quantificação da Severidade das Queimadas e da Perda de Sequestro Florestal de Carbono em Unidades de Conservação do Distrito Federal (Measurement of Severity of Fires and Loss of Carbon Forest sink in the Conservation Units at Distrito Federal)
Authors: Teobaldo Débora , Baptista Gustavo Macedo de Mello
Published: April 2020

O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o grau de severidade das queimadas e da perda do sequestro de carbono nas principais Unidades de Conservação do Distrito Federal nos anos de 2010 e 2011. Para determinar o grau de severidade utilizou-se índices espectrais antes e depois da queimada, como o índice de queimada por razão normalizada (NBR) e o índice relativo diferenciado de queimada por razão normalizada (RdNBR). O sequestro de carbono perdido pela queimada foi comparado antes, depois da queimada e na rebrota pelo índice espectral CO2flux. A relação entre a severidade e o sequestro de carbono também foi determinada por meio das imagens de pré-fogo, pós-fogo e da rebrota e a comparação temporal do CO2flux. As regressões obtidas para o ano de 2010 foram bastante de acordo com o esperado, com baixa relação antes da queimada, alta após, e menor na rebrota. Já para 2011, como ocorreram queimadas ao longo de todo o período, não foi possível verificar relações favoráveis.    A B S T R A C T The aim of this study was to assess the burn severity and carbon sink in the Conservation Units at Distrito Federal in the 2010 and 2011. For the burn severity index was used to quantify biomass before and after burning, such as a Normalized Burn Ratio - NBR and relative differenced Normalized Burn Ratio - RdNBR indices. Carbon sink lost by the burning was compared before and after fire by regrowth CO2flux spectral index. The relationship between the burn severity and carbon sink were also made by means the pre, post-fire and regrowth images, and temporal comparison of CO2flux. The regressions obtained for the 2010 were largely in agreement with expectations, with a low pre-fire, after high and low in regrowth. Already in 2011, as fires occurred throughout the period, it was not possible to verify favorable relationships. Keywords: Biomass, burn severity, RdNBR, carbon sink, CO2flux.
Semblantes teóricos de Neuroartes: una vía hacia la salud sociovital
Authors: García Piedras Myriam
Published: April 2020

Se exponen algunos de los planteamientos teóricos de Neuroartes, instituto que tiene como propósito el desarrollo del bienestar socioeconómico, político, cultural y natural-ecológico. Se posicionan algunas interpretaciones de los presupuestos de Everett III y Mensky sobre la mecánica cuántica, elevándose como el paradigma teórico, ya que parte de las relaciones entre la mente, los procesos bioquímicos del sistema nervioso y la conciencia (procesos neuroepistémicos). En este contexto, el arte y la salud se correlacionan a la manera de un binomio, y el arte conduce al despertar neuronal y expansión de los correlatos de la conciencia fortificando la salud individual y sociovital al generar las condiciones en la construcción y transformación de mundos más justos, inclusivos y solidarios.
U pravu i o pravu
Authors: Herceg Pakšić Barbara
Published: April 2020

Važnom promjenom evaluacijskih uvjeta
koju je donio Pravilnik o uvjetima za izbor u znanstvena zvanja iz 2017.,
znanstvenici u polju pravo počeli su publiciranje svojih radova promatrati na
drukčiji način - kroz bodovanje, novu kategorizaciju i indeksiranost u časopisa
za objavu u bazama poput Scopusa ili WoSCC-a. Istodobno, to je zahtijevalo i
prilagodbu znanstvenih časopisa istim proklamiranim uvjetima. Time su obilježja
hrvatskoga pravnoznanstvenog realiteta kad je riječ o publicistici postala
uvjetovana nastojanjima da se podvrgnu standardizaciji i metrici, no istodobno,
bez uvažavanja osobitosti koje su inherentne pravu kao disciplini, od čega je
temeljna ona o primarnoj nacionalnoj orijentiranosti. Rad donosi normativnu analizu prethodnih i pozitivnih uvjeta vezanih za vrednovanje publiciranih radova u polju pravo kao
i rezultate istraživanja dobivenih ispitivanjem pravnih znanstvenika na četiri
pravna fakulteta u Republici Hrvatskoj. Spoznaje dobivene istraživanjem donose
obilježja prethodnoga modaliteta publiciranja pravnih znanstvenika u Hrvatskoj
u svjetlu novih uvjeta te ukazuju kako će navedene promjene utjecati na buduće
publiciranje u polju pravu.
Capuchin monkeys (Sapajus [Cebus] apella) are more susceptible to contrast than to decoy and social context effects
Authors: Watzek Julia , Brosnan Sarah
Published: April 2020

Theories of optimal decision-making typically assume that animals have consistent preferences among options. In reality, economic behaviour in humans and foraging behaviour in some animals is often susceptible to choice-irrelevant factors such as inferior options or conspecifics’ outcomes, but the evidence for primate decision-making is mixed. Unlike previous experiments, we assessed the relative magnitude of three context effects. Using a food preference paradigm, we varied the number of cereal pieces to determine how much a piece of food A was “worth” (50% choice) to each of 13 capuchins. We predicted that monkeys would devalue A in the contrast condition (when a higher-quality but unattainable food was present) and overvalue it in the decoy condition (when a smaller version of A was a third option) and social condition (when A, if unchosen, was given to a partner). Capuchins were 4 times less likely to choose A in the contrast condition, but 2 to 3 times more likely to choose it in the decoy and social conditions. When carefully accounting for initial preferences, we found that these primates, like humans, are sensitive to context effects. This suggests that these biases are evolved and impacts how we think about them in humans.
MIDTES STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH YESSY ARIEANA
Authors: Arieana Yessy
Published: April 2020

Hubungan berpikir kritis dengan berpikir historis adalah mempelajari sejarah untuk mengembangkan cara berpikir kritis peserta didik, mempelajari berbagai fakta kehidupan akan mengarahkan peserta didik untuk memilliki wawasan yang luas. Dengan wawasan yang luas ini peserta didik akan mampu melihat permasalahan dari berbagai aspek kehidupan, cara berpikir ini menjadi sangat penting untuk dikembangkan, karena cara berpikir merupakan aspek karakter. Dengan demikian mendorong peserta didik untuk berfikir kritis dan juga historis
Template Lembar Midle Test Muhammad Wafi 1810111310006
Authors: Wafi Muhammad
Published: April 2020

Lembar Kerja Document Base TestDikerjakan oleh : Muhammad WafiNIM: 1810111310006
(Revisi Proposal) Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Miniatur Sebagai Media Pembelajaran Sejarah Terhadap Pemahaman Belajar Siswa Kelas XII IPS 1 SMA Negeri 3 Banjarmasin
Authors: L Maria Dwi Oktavira
Published: April 2020

Pendidikan di Indonesia merupakan salah satu dari berbagai negara yang menggunakan Media Pembelajaran untuk kegiatan belajar. Secara umum Media Pembelajaran adalah alat bantu dalam proses kegiatan belajar mengajar, segala sesuatu yang dapat dipergunakan untuk merangsang pikiran, perasaan, perhatian, kemampuan, dan pemahaman siswa sehingga dapat mendorong terjadinya proses belajar mengajar.