bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Indian cooking practices and cookwares on nutritional security: A review
Authors: Saxena Sarthak , Saini Sonia , Samtiya Mrinal , Aggarwal Sunita , Dhewa Tejpal , Sehgal Shalini
Published: March 2021

Food provides us nutrients and the energy required for growth, reproduction, and maintenance. Energy is required to perform all voluntary and involuntary activities like digestion, respiration, circulation, carrying out professional, household and recreational activities. Despite having rich food diversity, we are using only a few items as our staple food.  With the adoption of eastern cooking practices and cookwares, risk of both pre-and post-transitional diseases like diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, malnutrition, obesity, etc. has increased significantly. Aluminium toxicity and nutrients breakdown has become a common problem in pressure cooking. To overcome this problem, it is important to shift from the modernized cooking methods to our traditional cooking practices, i.e., use of earthen cookwares, clay pots and some selected metal utensils, e.g., copper, iron, brass, etc. It has been shown that earthen, copper, iron, and soapstone cookwares do not leach toxic trace elements into the food and enhance the sensory qualities without decreasing the food nutrients. Adoption of traditional Indian cooking practices (such as fermentation, roasting, germination, etc.), cookwares (such as earthen, copper, iron, soapstone, etc.) and increasing the consumption of healthy diet grains like millets, etc. can easily combat the pre- and post-transition health problems in India, effectively. This review would provide a deep understanding to the people to decide the best cookware and cooking processes that will improve their health and provide ample nutritional value to them.
Optimization with genetic algorithms of chlorogenic acid's extraction and purification from native potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) peel, using an aqueous two-phase system
Authors: Paz- Morales Doris Inés , Rojas-Padilla Carmen Rosa , Vásquez Villalobos Victor Javier
Published: March 2021

Chlorogenic acid is one of the main phenolic components of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.). Researchers have demonstrated that this phenolic compound is a higher concentration in the native Huagalina potato peel and is also found in the whole tuber's cooking water. This research aims to extract and purify chlorogenic acid (CGA) from potato Huagalina peel obtained from discarded manufacturing for snacks, using an Aqueous Two-Phase System (ATPS). The central composite design rotatable (CDDR); Response Surface Methods (RSM) in R  x 64 4.0.3 and RSM package was used to identify the regions of interest that resulted in the best extraction levels. The concentration of ethanol (EtOH) and disodium phosphate (DSP) were selected as factors capable of affecting CGA performance. Extraction efficiency values for concentrations were optimized using genetic algorithms (GA) applying the R package GA. . In the present research, a high value of 0.8 was applied, which produced new "offspring" solutions, which share some good characteristics taken from both parents. The mutation is applied after the crossover, altering some genes in the chains, which was 0.1. According to what has been reported, the offspring can replace the entire population or replace individuals with less aptitude. This evaluation cycle and selection-reproduction cycle were repeated until a satisfactory recovery of CGA (97.2%) estimated with GA at a pH of 3.4 (25ºC) was achieved, yielding  443.7 ± 0.062 mg CGA / 100 g dry weight of potato peels.
Biochemical basis of systemic acquired resistance induced by different Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) elicitors in Brassica cultivars challenge inoculated with downy mildew pathogen
Authors: Astha  , Sekhon P. S.
Published: March 2021

In India, Brassica is attacked by many bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens causing various diseases among which, downy mildew caused by Hyaloperonospora brassicae, an oomycete is the most severe one.  The present investigation was conducted to reduce fungicide load on Brassica by testing an alternate method of disease control.  Different Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) compounds were tested as foliar sprays like Salicylic acid, Jasmonic acid and Bion (Benzothiadiazole-BTH) for inducing resistance in different genotypes of Raya (Brassica juncea) against downy mildew pathogen. Protein content in plants ranged between 43.5 to 57.7 mg/g fresh weight compared to 37.2 mg/g fresh weight in control. Induction of proteins and defense related enzymes was systemic in nature. The SAR compounds also surged the levels of defense related proteins, i.e. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO), Phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) and pathogenesis related Pr- proteins i.e. ?-1,3 glucanase, Peroxidase (POD),  from 21 to 130 per cent indicating induction of resistance. Protein profiling of treated Brassica plants was also done electrophoreticaly, which further confirmed the induction of pathogenesis-related proteins ranging from 15- 75 kDa along with some other proteins. Salicylic acid @ 500µM showed best results with 71.27 per cent disease control followed by Jasmonic acid with 69.6 per cent; whereas both, Bion and ?eta amino butyric acid gave almost 63 per cent disease control as compared to control plants. Integration of disease tolerance in Brassica varieties/genotypes combined with prophylactic spray of salicylic acid proved to be very economical for managing downy mildew disease.
Yield maximization of direct sown rice (Oryza sativa l.) under water constraint situation
Authors: Kalyanasundaram D. , Arthi E , Senthil Kumar K. P. , Harini Sri S. , R Augustine.
Published: March 2021

More efficient water management practices need to be adopted for better sustainable rice production grown under traditional areas due to increased water scarcity. Among the different water management practices, efficient new generation water-saving chemicals and organic products were used to conserve water under field condition.  An experiment was conducted to evaluate the yield maximization in direct sown CO51 rice (Oryza sativa L.) under water constraint situation.  The main plot treatments comprised of three levels of irrigation viz., Conventional irrigation (M1), Tensiometer based irrigation (M2) and Deficit irrigation (M3), respectively and were tested with four different water conservation practices in sub-plots viz., soil application of water-saving crystals (WSC) @ 5 kg ha-1 (S1), foliar application of drought shield @ 3 litres ha-1 (S2 ), soil application of humic granules @ 2.5 kg ha-1 (S3) and soil application of FYM @ 12.5 t ha-1 (S4). Experimental results indicated that Tensiometer based irrigation with soil application humic granules @ 2.5 kg ha-1 M2S3) recorded higher number of panicles m-2  (411) and number of filled grains panicle-1 (108.16) in direct-sown rice.  However, M2S3 recorded significantly maximum grain yield (6352 kg ha-1) and minimum (3940 kg ha-1) in (M3S4) deficit irrigation applied with FYM @12.5 t ha-1 in the year 2018 Sornavari season, respectively. Thus the Tensiometer based irrigation with soil application of humic granules @ 2.5 kg ha-1 can be a feasible approach for increasing grain yield and conserve water in north eastern region of Tamil Nadu, by promoting water use efficiency method in direct rice cultivation areas.
Biodiversity and monthly density fluctuations of water mites in Khankra gad, a spring-fed tributary of river Alaknanda, Pauri Garhwal in Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Negi Shailza , Dobriyal A. K. , Bahuguna Pankaj
Published: March 2021

Hydrachnidia is an important group of aquatic invertebrates. They play an important role in regulating other invertebrate populations, thus influencing the composition and functionality of river ecosystems. The present study aims to assess the habitat ecology, density and diversity of aquatic mites in the Khankra gad, Rudraprayag district for a period of two year on a monthly basis, from July 2018 to June 2020. The Khankra gad is a perennial spring-fed stream originating from the Bansoun peak in district-Rudraprayag of Garhwal Himalaya (800 m asl). A total of 2537 Hydrachnidia samples were collected, belonging to 6 families viz, Torrenticolidae, Sperchontidae, Feltriidae, Hygrobatidae, Lebertiidae and Aturidae. Sperchontidae, Torrenticolidae and Hygrobatidae were the common families recorded in both spots, whereas Feltriidae was recorded in Spot-1, Lebertiidae and Aturidae were recorded in Spot-2. The highest numbers (1842) of Hydrachnidia were collected from Spot-2.  A total of 19 aquatic mite species were recorded in Spot-1 and 25 species in Spot-2 throughout the study period. Aquatic mites showed maximum density (177 units.m-2 in Spot-1 and 274units.m-2 in Spot-2) in December and minimum (11 units.m-2 in Spot-1 and 17 units.m-2 in Spot-2) in July. Various ecological parameters of our study indicated that Khankra gad is a good habitat for aquatic mites.
Biological clock vs Social clock conflict in Adolescents
Authors: Verma Pragya , Yadav Arjita , Rani Sangeeta , Malik Shalie
Published: March 2021

Alteration of day and night is one of the essential circadian rhythms that build the phenomenon of sleep/wake in humans and other animals. Daily rhythms impact different individuals differently. Light exposure and an individual's circadian response are two aspects that create diversity in phenotype. These diverse phenotypes are called chronotypes. Chronotype varies over the life history stages. Chronotype is seen as morning type in children, evening type in adolescents, and again reverts back to the morning type in adults and old-aged individuals. It is observed that adolescents being evening types have bedtime later in comparison to children and adults. Adolescent physiology/ body clock does not allow them to sleep early and school routine/social clock does not let them sleep till late. Thus, their night phase is shrunk and sleep hours are reduced, which hinders their day-time functioning, including mental tasks such as cognition, learning and memory-based exercises, and physical tasks such as physical presence during field and athletic events.  These days sleep debt is a critical health concern in the adolescent population. The current review focuses on the adolescent sleep-needs and various factors affecting their healthy sleep. This also encompasses the understanding of biological clocks, their misalignment, disrupters, causes and impact. The present study would be helpful in finding out the difference between the biological clock and social clock of the adolescent population, elaborates the need for sleep education and suggests a solution to this alarming problem of sleep debt in teens.
The ways of forming the Old Church Slavonic lexical fund
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Efimova Valeriya S.
Published: March 2021

In the monograph, the ways of forming the Old Church Slavonic lexical fund are analyzed with the use of new research methods. The author puts forward a hypothesis concerning St. Cyril’s translation strategies in different areas of nomination – derivation, compounding, transfer of the Greek superlatives by Slavonic means, etc. Attention is paid to poorly investigated nominations by substantivized participial forms and multi-word nominations. The new data confirm the considerations expressed earlier by the author of the monograph that there is a fundamental difference between the procedure of compounding and the procedure of formation of single-root derivatives, and that morphemic calquing as a word-formation procedure in the Old Church Slavonic needs special revision.
From ‘Nations’ to ‘Archontias’ (II) Terms ‘Sclavinia’ and ‘Sclavoarchontia’ and Incorporation of Balkan Slavs in Byzantium
Authors: Stoykov Stoyko
Published: March 2021

This article deals with the terms ‘Sclavinia’ and ‘Sclavoarchontia’, which are used in historiography in different and even contradictory ways, and aims to clarify a highly complicated topic, investigating the ways these terms were used by contemporaries, trying to define differences between them and connecting their use with the political changes of the time. Topics discussed include the chronology of the terms’ usage, different ways in which they were being used, relations of ‘Sclavinia’ and ‘Sclavoarchontia’ with the Empire, their appearance and disappearance and the political processes connected with it, as well as the analysis of the existing interpretations. The first part mostly discusses chronology and some existing hypotheses. The second (and the main) part analyses the way these terms were used and tries to define them.

The hypothesis presented connects these terms with the re-establishing of imperial authority in the Balkans, marked in the sources by replacing the term ‘Slavic nations’, which had been used until the late 8th century to denote the independent Balkan Slavic societies and their lands. The Empire lacked the capacity for direct subjugation of the independent Slavic communities and was forced to rely on complicated measures including colonization and ensuring Slav cooperation in the process. In the themes where the Empire had enough power, Slavic communities were organized as ‘Sclavoarchontias’, who received archons from the strategos, paid collective tribute and served as symahoi, but kept some inner autonomy. The Empire also tended to ensure the cooperation of Slavic communities around themes by granting titles and subsidies to some powerful Slavic leaders, which led to the creation of client states known as ‘Sclavinias’. They were not part of the thematic system, they had their native and hereditary leaders recognized and affirmed by the emperor by titles and seals and act as imperial allies. A prototype of both had appeared at the end of the 7th century, but only when relations of such types had multiplied after Stauracius’ expedition in 783, corresponding generic terms appeared and became regular.
In Search of the Trigger: Literary and Non-literary Texts as Examples of Different Aspects of Russian Referential Evolution
Authors: Budennaya Evgeniya V.
Published: March 2021

The article deals with the diachronic path of Russian pronoun expansion, which affected the period of the 11th–17th centuries: paki li Øpro soromit Øpro sebe svobodna > jesli on osramit — ona svobodna ‘if he rapes [the slave], she is freed’ (the treaty of 1191–1192 between Novgorod, Gotland, and the German Cities, and its modern translation). The initial trigger of this phenomenon is often attributed to the realm of the third person since the third-person auxiliary was lost first and the third-person subject pronoun massively expanded earlier than the first- and second-person subject pronouns. Nevertheless, one cannot argue that the latter was caused by the former, since the new subject pronouns did not only replace the old auxiliary forms but were also detected in finite verbal clauses where no auxiliaries were ever used. To explore what exactly caused the expansion of pronouns and how this expansion took place in different types of clauses, a diachronic analysis of finite clauses with reduced subject reference was conducted, with a special focus on the type of the predicate. Within the analysis, the referential data of three different Old Russian registers—informal, official and literary—were examined and compared to each other.
The results support the hypothesis of copula drop as a trigger for the expansion of pronouns and demonstrate that several intermediate stages of this process can be detected in official and literary texts, where the course of evolution was slower. Thus, only official texts allow us to discover the earlier stage of new referential pronouns substituting former verbal copulas, and only in literary works can we find the transitional elliptical pattern without pronouns or copulas, which existed before the new pronominal pattern.
The Book of Genesis in the Complete Chronographic Palaea and the Trinity Pentateuchs No. 1 and No. 45
Authors: Vilkul Tatiana L.
Published: March 2021

Some parts of the Complete Chronographic Palaea contain fragments of an Old Slavonic translation of the Bible, which was intended for personal home or monastic reading (chetij in Old Slavonic). The origin of this translation has not received much scholarly attention so far. The main purpose of this paper is to identify the version of the Book of Genesis used in the Palaea by comparing the textual traditions of the Slavonic Pentateuch, Octateuch and chronographs. The Complete Сhronographic Palaea is one of the Old Russian compilations containing both the Old Testament translations and chronographic sources. Its biblical part is built on the material of the Palaea Interpretata, as well as on the Slavonic “chetij” biblical translation, while the chronographic part has excerpts from the translated Byzantine chronicles after the version of the so-called Chronograph po velikomu izlozheniju with additions. Overall, the manuscript tradition of the Slavonic Octateuch includes three families. While interpolations from the Genesis in the Complete Palaea reveal little resemblance to two of them, namely, Russian and South Slavic recensions, we see dozens overlaps with the group of the Trinity Pentateuchs (Russian State Library, f.304. I, No.1 and No.45). The text of this group belongs to the third, Chronographic recension of the “chetij” Octateuch with specific features covering dozens of examples of identical innovations. However, some discrepancies with the Trinity Pentateuchs and convergence with the original readings preserved in two other recensions show that the compiler of the Complete Palaea was dealing with an earlier common protographe. The Chronographic recension itself was divided into two groups (Trinity Pentateuchs and Iudejsky Chronograph) approximately in the late 1100s or early 1200s and is now represented by only five manuscripts. Therefore, the evidence of the Complete Chronographic Palaea is important both for the textual analysis of the Old Slavonic biblical translations and for the history of the Old Russian chronographs as well.
Balkan Litmus. Austro-Hungarian Policy in Bosnia-Herzegovina and Russian Diplomacy, 1878–1908
Authors:   Institute of Slavic Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pakhomova Lidia
Published: March 2021

This monograph focuses on the activities of Russian consuls in Sarajevo, as well as the work of diplomats on the Bosnian-Herzegovinian issue both during the Great Eastern Crisis and before the Annexation Crisis. The Congress of Berlin, held after the Russian-Turkish War of 1877–78, placed the region under the control of the Habsburg Monarchy, but under the sovereignty of the Ottoman Sultan. The book shows that the Russian Military Ministry had a plan to prevent the occupation. One of the research subjects is the Russian-Austrian negotiation on the status of the provinces. The decisions made by the St Petersburg were based on an analysis of the situation in the province — the center for collecting information was the Consulate in Sarajevo, hence the author’s attention to its functioning. The assessment of the Austro-Hungarian modernisation policy in the occupied territory by the Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs is analysed historiographically for the first time. The study of the ethnographic works by Pavel A. Rovinsky and Aleksei N. Kharuzin made it possible to trace the changes in the life of Bosnian and Herzegovinian inhabitants during the Austro-Hungarian occupation. Thus, the author attempts to demonstrate the connection between the internal development of the region and the decisions about its fate at the international level.
Comparative Analysis of the Normalization Techniques in the Context of MCDM Problems
Authors:   Department of quantitative methods, Artvin Çoruh University, Turkey, Aytekin Ahmet
Published: March 2021

NormNormalization is an essential step in data analysis and for MCDM methods. This study aims to outline the positive and negative features of the normalization techniques that can be used in MCDM problems. In order to compare the different normalization techniques, fourteen sets representing different scenarios of decision problems were used. According to the results, if the decision-maker chooses to take the alternative with the highest value in the criteria and avoid the one with the lowest value, or vice versa, optimization-based normalization techniques should be preferred, whereas the reference-based normalization techniques are considered appropriate for situations where there are ideal values determined by the decision-maker for each criterion. However, if the decision-maker believes that the values in the criteria do not represent the monotonous increasing or decreasing benefit/cost, then non-linear normalization techniques should be used. Also, in the event of a change in the conditions mentioned above, the decision maker may opt for mixed normalization techniques. However, some data structures, such as the presence of zero, and negative values in the decision matrix, can prevent the use of some normalization techniques. The choice of the normalization technique may also be affected by the problem of rank reversal, the range of normalized values, obtaining the same optimization aspect for all criteria, and the validity of results.
TMEM98 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that transmembrane protein 98, TMEM98, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Analysis of a separate microarray dataset revealed that TMEM98 was also differentially expressed in brain metastatic tissues. TMEM98 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of TMEM98 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of TMEM98 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
The Generalized Definition of Life
Authors: kumar vivek
Published: March 2021

In this article, I propose and discuss a new definition of life. This new definition considers reproduction and evolution as major aspects of life. It brings into consideration a variety of other life forms like inorganic life, etc. In this study, I aim to present the possibility of various life forms and some of their properties, which might help understand the origin of life on earth and the existence of life in other parts of the cosmos. This new proposed definition of life is independent of the mode of evolution and general enough to consider all potential life forms. This article uses NASA’s definition of life as a structure to derive this generalized definition of life. Finding and exploring new living systems will definitely be very helpful in understanding the aspects of life. In order to explain some complex life forms, a new concept of addition of living systems is introduced in this article. This study underscores the need for further work to understand the origin and properties of living systems.
APPL2 is differentially expressed in lymph node metastasis in human breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: March 2021

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). Between the breast and the brain reside the secondary lymphoid organ, the lymph nodes. We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes for the discovery of genes associated with metastasis to the lymph nodes in humans with metastatic breast cancer. We found that adaptor protein, phosphotyrosine interacting with PH domain and leucine zipper 2, APPL2, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the lymph node metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to primary tumors of the breast. APPL2 mRNA was present at decreased quantities in lymph node metastases as compared to primary tumors of the breast. Importantly, expression of APPL2 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with patient overall survival, in lymph node positive patients but not in lymph node negative patients. Modulation of APPL2 expression may be relevant to the biology by which tumor cells metastasize from the breast to the lymph nodes and the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Economic Disruption and Its Impact to Indonesia Companies
Authors: Suharsono Andrea Anne
Published: March 2021

Business transformation is important to remain sustain in the era of economic disruption. Human resource, management, technological use are very important requirement to survive in the very competitive market. The Good Corporate Governance or GCG must be used to gain stakeholders' trust together implemented to make a significant transformation for a company especially to get through global economic challenges of change.
The Competitiveness of Indonesia’s Companies in Facing Economic Disruption
Authors: Liang Nicole Doelitzsch
Published: March 2021

To survive in the midst of global economic uncertainty, the best alternative for companies in Indonesia is by transforming their business and human resources, given that changes in business concepts are highly driven and patterned by advances in information technology that are exponentially increasing. Economic disruption era requires companies in Indonesia to always generate new values in all aspects so that performance can increase and the companies are able to survive in the market by gaining positive profits. This study is qualitative research with the interpretive paradigm, based on reality or the phenomenon that occurs. The findings were in the form of comprehensive analysis according to the primary and secondary data that the researchers have successfully explored.
Claim Specialization, Tactical Diversity and the Role of the Protest Environment in the Success of U.S. Antinuclear Activism
Authors: Piazza Alessandro , Wang Dan J.
Published: March 2021

Why are some protests from a seemingly unified social movement more effective against similar organizational targets than others? In this article, we make the claim that protests are more likely to succeed when: (1) their claims are more specialized to their targets; and (2) when they draw on a more diverse repertoire of tactics. We also contend that the extent to which claim specialization facilitates protest success is a function of competition in the form of other geographically proximate protests advancing alternative claims. Finally, we argue that the effect of claim specialization on protest success is contingent on the features of the surrounding protest environment. A study of planned nuclear generating units in the U.S. and the antinuclear protest that targeted them between 1960 and 1995 provides support for our arguments, with implications for how the pace of social change can be linked to the intensity of cross-movement alliances.
STUDI LAPANGAN (KUNJUNGAN KE AMMATOA KAJANG)
Authors: Ardianti
Published: March 2021

Studi lapangan di Kajang merupakan kegiatan di luar kampus yang bertujuan untuk mengamati dan mempelajari proses kehidupan yang terjadi langsung di kawasan Kajang Bulukumba. Hal ini disebabkan karena tidak semua mahasiswa/i mampu memahami segala peristiwa yang terjadi pada kawasan kajang apabila hanya mendapatkan penyampaian ataupun mendengar cerita yang berpindah dari mulut kemulut saja.Terkadang apabila hanya mendapatkan informasi-informasi dari cerita atau pun dari media saja, seringkali terjadi kejenuhan dan juga pemelesetan yang tidak sesuai dengan realita. Oleh karena itu, kegiatam study lapangan yang belum lama dilaksanakan memberikan solusi pada masalah ini, karena mahasiswa/i dapat mengamati segala objek pembelajaran yang dituju dengan mempertanyakan segala fenomena yang diamati yang kemudian diberikan penjelasan secara langsung dari pakar, dan pihak-pihak yang bersangkutan sehingga terciptalah informasi yang aktual dan tidak lagi dicampur adukkan dengan pemelesetan cerita yang ditambah maupun dikurangkan.
Metacognition in second language speech perception and production
Authors: Kartushina Natalia , Soto David , Martin Clara
Published: March 2021

The current work assessed metacognition in non-native language speech perception and production. Spanish novice learners of French identified and produced French vowel contrast /ø/-/œ/ and rated, on each trial, their confidence in the response. Confidence in perception predicted participants’ identification accuracy, suggesting that novice learners’ metacognitive skills in non-native speech perception are efficient at the onset of language learning. However, confidence in production did not align with a fine-grained precision measure of one’s own production - indexed by Mahalanobis distance to the native French target-vowel space, nor with a categorical measure of production - in terms of being within/outside the native-speakers’ zone - indicating metacognition in non-native sound productions is not yet efficient in novice learners. Overall, confidence ratings were similar and highly correlated between the perception and production tasks, but there was no association between the two domains in task performance or metacognitive ability. We discuss the ramifications of these findings for language learning theories and language teaching strategies, as well as the ongoing debate on the perception-production relationship.
Behavioural Inhibition Effects on Responses to Threatening Speech: Differences Between Semantics and Prosody
Authors: Busch Moreno Simon , Zirong Li , Gorgol Angela , Ng Christina , Smekal Vojtěch , Xi Zhenyang , Zhang Ash , Vinson David
Published: March 2021

The present study investigates how trait anxiety affects speech processing, and whether anxiety has different processing consequences depending on speech informational properties. Participants listened to sentences in a go/no-go task where they were asked to respond to threat, which could be present in semantics, prosody, both or neither. In one experiment they were asked to attend to prosody only and ignore semantics, and in the other, attend to semantics and ignore prosody. Two additional experiments were conducted as controls, where participants responded to neutral, rather than threatening stimuli. Trait anxiety was measured psychometrically using a behavioural inhibition system scale (BIS). Results indicate that responses to threatening prosody become slightly slower and less accurate as BIS increases, while responses to threatening semantics become faster and more accurate as BIS increases. In the control experiments, responses to neutral prosody become faster and more accurate as BIS increases, but responses to neutral semantics just become less accurate as a function of BIS. We discuss these findings in terms of a combination of over-engagement with threat, threat avoidance and over-attention to threat, highlighting the need to consider that different aspects of a single stimulus may have very different consequences for anxious information processing.
Insight into the accuracy of COVID-19 beliefs predicts behavior during the pandemic
Authors: Fischer Helen , Huff Markus , Said Nadia
Published: March 2021

Susceptibility to COVID-19 misinformation--believing false statements to be true--negatively relates to compliance with public health measures. Here, we make the prediction that metacognitive insight into the varying accuracy of own beliefs predicts compliance with recommended health behaviors, above and beyond the accuracy of these beliefs. In a national sample of German citizens, we investigate metacognitive sensitivity, the degree to which confidence differentiates correct from incorrect beliefs. Bayesian and frequentist analyses show that citizens with higher metacognitive sensitivity were more likely to adopt recommended public health measures. Importantly, this benefit of metacognitive introspection into own beliefs held controlling for the accuracy of the beliefs. The present research highlights that insight into the varying accuracy of beliefs, rather than only the beliefs themselves, relate to citizens’ behavior during the pandemic
The role of mu-opioids for reward and threat processing in humans: Bridging the gap from preclinical to clinical opioid drug studies
Authors: Meier Isabell M. , Eikemo Marie , Leknes Siri
Published: March 2021

Purpose of review. Opioid receptors are widely expressed in the human brain. A number of features commonly associated with drug use disorder, such as difficulties in emotional learning, emotion regulation & anhedonia, have been linked to endogenous opioid signaling. Whereas chronic substance use and misuse are thought to alter the function of the mu-opioid system, the specific mechanisms are not well understood. We argue that understanding exogenous and endogenous opioid effects in the healthy human brain is an essential foundation for bridging preclinical and clinical findings related to opioid misuse. Here, we will examine psychopharmacological evidence to outline the role of the mu-opioid receptor (MOR) system in the processing of threat and reward, and discuss how disruption of these processes by chronic opioid use might alter emotional learning and reward responsiveness.Recent findings. In healthy people, studies using opioid antagonist drugs indicate that the brain’s endogenous opioids downregulate fear reactivity and upregulate learning from safety. At the same time, endogenous opioids increase the liking of and motivation to engage with high reward value cues. Studies of acute opioid agonist effects indicate that with non-sedative doses, drugs such as morphine and buprenorphine can mimic endogenous opioid effects on liking and wanting. Disruption of endogenous opioid signalling due to prolonged opioid exposure is associated with some degree of anhedonia to non-drug rewards; however new results leave open the possibility that this is not directly opioid-mediated.Summary. The available human psychopharmacological evidence indicates that the healthy mu-opioid system contributes to the regulation of reward and threat processing. Overall, endogenous opioids can subtly increase liking and wanting responses to a wide variety of re-wards, from sweet tastes to feelings of being connected to close others. For threat related processing, human evidence suggests that endogenous opioids inhibit fear conditioning and reduce the sensitivity to aversive stimuli, although inconsistencies remain. The size of effects reported in healthy humans are however modest, clearly indicating that MORs play out their role in close concert with other neurotransmitter systems. Relevant candidate systems for future re-search include dopamine, serotonin and endocannabinoid signalling. Nevertheless, it is possible that endogenous opioid fine-tuning of reward and threat processing, when unbalanced by e.g. opioid misuse, could over time develop into symptoms associated with opioid use disorder, such as anhedonia and depression/anxiety.
Dynamic Target Setting increases workplace physical activity: evidence from a randomised trial
Authors: Hume Susannah , Cornel Pieter , Sanders Michael , Tindall Karen , Vilanti Paul , Coghlan Sarah , Flego Anna
Published: March 2021

We conduct a field experiment in a large workplace, testing two forms of target to increase physical activity - standard targets (10,000 steps per day) or dynamic targets (10% more than last week). We find that effects overall are modest, but that dynamic targets are more impactful for people with high physical activity levels.
Effects of congested fixture and matches’ participation on internal and external workload indices in professional Brazilian soccer players
Authors: Garcia Gabriel Rodrigues , Gonçalves Luiz Guilherme , Clemente Filipe Manuel , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo , de Souza Bedo Bruno Luiz , Azevedo Angelo Melim , Junior Mauro Antonio Gurrra , Aquino Rodrigo
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to verify the effects of congested fixture and matches’ participation on internal and external workload indexes in professional Brazilian soccer players. Rate of perceived exertion-based training load (sRPE), distance- and accelerometry-based measures were daily monitored over 119 training sessions and 33 matches performed by 29 male outfield players. Weeks were classified as congested (n=11, two or more matches within a 7-day period) and regular (n=10, one match or less within a 7-day period). The players were divided based on the matches’ participation: (i) players who played ≥ 60 minutes (G1); (ii) players who played < 60 minutes (G2); (iii) players who did not participated of the match (G3). The findings showed that independent of the levels of participation during the matches, regular weeks presented greater acute, monotony, and strain indices for internal and external workload measures than congested weeks. The G1 presented the highest values for the most of the workload indices in both regular and congested weeks, with the exception of monotony indices (internal and external load) that G2 showed greater values than G1 and G3. Coaches and practitioners should plan the training “doses” to reduce disparities of these different match’s participation and congested schedule weeks.
Customer Satisfaction Towards ATM Service In Nepalese Banking Sector
Authors: Goet Joginder
Published: March 2021

This research is intended to examine the relationship between reasonability of fee charged, choice of ATM, usage of service and post purchase behavior and customer satisfaction. The research has used primary sources of data. A well-structured questionnaire was designed to collect data from 200 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The data was analyzed using correlation. The findings revealed that there was a positive and significant relationship between reasonability of fee charged, choice of ATM, usage of service and post purchase behavior and customer satisfaction. The research is afresh study in the field of banking sector in Nepalese context. There is an implication of research in the banking sector.
Secondary Capital Market of Nepal: Assessing the Relationship Between Share Transaction and NEPSE Index
Authors: Chalise Dhan Raj
Published: March 2021

Capital Market plays a significant role in financial mobilization and provide an effective way of procuring long-term funds at same. In a addition it provide an investment opportunity for individuals and institutions. Nepalese capital market is growing and improving phase. The objective of this study is to assess the existing status of secondary capital market and to examine the relation between the share transaction amount and NEPSE Index. The period 2009/10 to 2018/19 has been used for study purpose. The trends of capital market development track after 2009/10 to present status has been indentified using descriptive analytical research design. Applying secondary data, the results found that there has significant contribution of secondary capital market for financial resources mobilization in Nepal. In addition, there exist significant positive impact of share transactions on NEPSE Index in Nepalese secondary capital market. The study recommends more effort form related sector for the modernization and systematization of share market.
Knowledge Management Capability in Nepalese Commercial Banks
Authors: Bhandari Dilliram
Published: March 2021

This study focuses on exploring the state of knowledge management capability (KMC) in Nepalese commercial banks and develop as well as validate its dimensions. A survey research strategy was adopted to achieve the study objective and the descriptive research design was followed to explore the state of KMC in Nepalese commercial banks. The population of this study was comprised of all 27 commercial banks of Nepal. To achieve sufficient sample size and generalization of the result, the sample frame for this study included 9 commercial banks. At least 20 employees from each organization were approached to respond about the existence of KMC in their respective organizations. Altogether 250 questionnaires were distributed, out of this 180 questionnaires were returned, the response rate was 72%, which may be taken highly satisfactory in survey research design. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) of KMC was done to extract the latent factors or dimensions from the measured items. All three dimensions of KMC were found in unsatisfactory state. The private sector banks were found to have a better position in all three dimensions of KMC than the public sector banks. Further, the EFA of KMC items revealed for dimensions of KMC: knowledge acquisition, knowledge sharing-employees, knowledge sharing-management and knowledge utilization.
Infrastructure Development and Economic Growth in Nepal
Authors: Dhungel Bashu Dev
Published: March 2021

This article, on infrastructure development and economic growth in Nepal, focuses on the infrastructure development that seems to affect economic growth in Nepal during the study period 1994-2018. To investigate the casual relationship between infrastructure development and the economic growth, this study has employed Engel-Granger cointegration test and Error Correction Mechanism (ECM) model. The results showed a cointegration and a stable relationship between gross domestic product and infrastructure variables—such as total length of road, percentage of economically active population, percentage of tertiary education enrollment, and gross capital formation. In addition, the coefficient of Error Correction term was -0.88—signifying about 88 percent adjustments towards equilibrium, confirmed by the occurrence of a stable long-run relationship among the variables. The sign of Error correction term (Ect) became negative and statistically significant at the 1 percent level, indicating the possibility of convergence towards equilibrium in each period with adjustment captured by difference terms. This study has its implication for policymakers to raise economic growth through infrastructure development. The expansion of infrastructure network leads to the enhancement of efficiency and competitive market, and the acceleration of the economic growth within the country.
Factors Influencing Investment Decisions of Nepalese Investors
Authors: Shrestha Purna Man
Published: March 2021

The study focuses on the factors influencing investment decisions of Nepalese investors in the stock market, with a sample size of 110 respondents of Surkhet Valley. The data are collected using structured questionnaire containing yes/no response questions, multiple choice questions, ranking questions, and Likert scale questions. The survey was conducted in June, 2018. The factors influencing investing decision are grouped into three main variables i. e. company related variable (CRV), risk and return related variable (RRV), and market related variable (MRV). In company related variable factors such as management team, financial performance, size, EPS, DPS are included, in risk return related variable expected return, past return, risk of the company, liquid securities etc. are included, and in market related variable factors such as market information, market price per share, dividend growths etc. are included.

This study concluded that majority of investor prefer to by stock from primary market, investor analyze the company before making investment decision, investor monitor their portfolio occasionally, and most of the investor use own saving for making investment in stock.

Finally, this study concluded that investment decision of Nepalese investor is more influenced by company related variable (CRV) than market related variable (MRV) and risk and return related variable (RRV). Positive and significant coefficient of company related variable (CRV) is observed in all regression models. It can, therefore, be concluded that the Nepalese investor makes investment decision observing the company related variable of Nepalese companies.
Socio-Demographic Factors in Predicting Organizational Commitment of Nepal Telecom Employees
Authors: Jain Bandana Kumari , Lamichhane Krishna Kumar
Published: March 2021

The study intends to assess the 3-dimensional organizational commitment and its effects on socio-demographic factors such as gender, age, and tenure of Nepal Telecom employees. Random sampling method proportionately to the job position level had been harnessed to collect primary data with survey method and ultimately, 322 samples were gathered. Analysis tools t-test, ANOVA, post hoc analysis harnessed to examine the objectives.

The study results that age and work experience are significantly associated to employees’ normative commitment while higher working years of employees are different from less experiential employees in terms of overall commitment and continuance commitment.
Behavioral Change and Family Disruption among Labor Migrants in Nepal
Authors: Pokharel Ram Raj
Published: March 2021

Sociological studies of migration are diverse. The motive for international labor migration includes political, economic, social, and environmental cause. In this regard, this study aims to explore the behavioral change among the labor migrants and the status of family disruption of the Nepalese involved in foreign labor migration. The study has been based on primary source, data collected from interview schedule by fulfilling the validity from the review of literature with the sample from Tribhuvan International Airport, and migrant returnee’s temporary residences such as hotels and guest house on accidental basis. The sample includes 102 respondents. The study concludes that the there is a behavioral change among the family members of the migrant labors. The study further concludes there has not been the family disruption among the family members of the migrant labors.
Attitude Towards Shopping Mall Purchasing Behavior
Authors: Manandhar Raju Bhai
Published: March 2021

Consume attitude is multidimensional and it has been one of the main concepts used to explain individual differences. This study aims to examine the relationship between overall attitude and shopping mall purchasing behavior and impact of advertising and purpose to visit on shopping mall purchasing behavior in Nepalese consumers. The present study is descriptive and analytical in nature. Structured questionnaire technique under survey approach was applied for collecting primary data with five point Likert scale questionnaire. The population of this study targeted the consumers of shopping malls in Kathmandu valley. The sample size has been derived for unknown population that is 384. The judgmental sampling technique was used in this research to make this study more inclusive and representatives. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (correlation analysis and regression analysis) have been used to analyze the data. It is found that there is strong association between shopping mall purchase behavior and overall consumer attitude. The study found that purpose to visit has impact on shopping mall purchase behavior. The study also found that advertisement has no significant impact on shopping mall purchase behavior.