bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBIOTIC BIFIDOBACTERIUM AND A NEW GENERATION POSTBIOTIC: ALGINIC ACID
Authors: Bozkurt Hüseyin
Published: January 2023

AIMS OF THE STUDY

According to International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics (ISAPP) consensus (2019),Postbiotics are defined as a preparation of inanimate microorganisms and/or their components that confers a health benefit on the host. Postbiotic Alginic acid, also called algin, is a naturally occurring, edible exopolysaccharide found in brown algae. Alginic acid and its Na/Ca salt form of Alginate show the capability in water-binding, water-retention water, and immense swelling and gelation, which could act as a protective barrier via promoting biofilm formation on the bacterial cell surfaces. Alginic acid is a potent inducer of Th1 pathway.We aimed to analyze the Postbiotic alginate formed by the human intestinal beneficial bacteria, bifidobacteria,by degrading sodium alginate.

METHODS

In these study, which were designed in Yildiz Technical University / Istanbul, Biohybrid films were produced by using both Bifidobacterium animalis subsp.lactis BB-12 probiotic strain and Bifidobacterium infantis in combination with sodium alginate (SA), which demonstrates biocompatibility and facilitated gelation properties in aeorobic atmospheric condition were considered as bifidobacterial surfactan source.

RESULTS

In biohybrid biofilm study(1), based on the spectroscopic and mechanical analysis, it was found that mechanical strength increased in films produced by adding Bifidobacterium infantis in SA while this increase was relatively lower as compared to those containing Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 as crosslinking ratio increases. Besides, bacteria contained in bio-hybrid films increased the percentage of amorphous zone of SA in SA/bacteria films, which reduced the crystallinity ratio. This indicated that crystalline chains contained in the structure of SA are degraded by probiotic bifidobacteria(Fig.1)

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study that Biohybrid biosurfactan that contains Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BB-12 and SA structures coated medical/nonmedical devices and sets can be a pioneering approach to reduce carbon emissions, as well as to prevent secondary infections and increase device protection. Also, It paved the way for the postbiotic use of alginic acid/Alginate by probiotic Bifidobacteria.
EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY IN FISTULIZING CROHN'S DISEASE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
Authors: Dokmak Amr , Sweigart Benjamin , Orekondy Nayantara , Jangi Sushrut , Hamdeh Shadi , Weinstock Joel , Kochar Gusmiran , Shen Bo , Levy Alexander
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) delivers 100% oxygen in a pressurized chamber, increasing tissue oxygen levels and regulating inflammatory pathways. Despite significant expansion of the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapeutics, there remains a significant gap in achieving fistula healing. Mounting evidence suggests that HBOT may be effective for IBD. Our systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to quantify the efficacy and safety of HBOT in fistulizing Crohn’s disease (CD).

METHODS

A systematic review was conducted using the EMBASE, Web of Science, Pubmed, and Cochrane Library databases according to PRISMA criteria. Study bias was assessed using the Cochrane handbook guidelines. Published articles and abstracts were included for analysis if they met study design criteria, evaluated HBOT efficacy in patients with fistulizing CD, and reported sufficient outcome data. Outcome data were considered sufficient when measured clinically, radiographically, and/or endoscopically. Randomized controlled trials, case-controlled studies, and case-series were included in the analysis. Our primary outcome of interest was overall clinical response with HBOT. Overall clinical response was defined as either clinical remission or partial response. Clinical remission was defined as closure of fistula and complete cessation of drainage. Partial response was defined as improvement in fistula drainage.

RESULTS

Sixteen studies with 164 patients who underwent 5,125 HBOT sessions were included in the analysis. For all fistula subtypes, the pooled overall clinical response was 87% (95% CI 0.70-0.95, I2=0) (Figure) and the pooled clinical remission was 59% (95% CI 0.35-0.80, I2=0). The overall clinical response was 89%, 84%, and 29% for perianal, enterocutaneous, and rectovaginal fistulas, respectively. (Table) On meta-regression, hours in the chamber and number of HBOT sessions were not found to correlate with a clinical response. The pooled number of adverse events was low at 51.7 per 10,000 HBOT sessions for all fistula types (95% CI 16.8-159.3, I2=0).

DISCUSSION

With a pooled overall clinical response rate of 87% and low adverse event rate, our review emphasizes the potential clinical benefit and safety of adjunctive HBOT in refractory cases of fistulizing CD. Rectovaginal fistulas were the fistula subtype least responsive to HBOT. Data limitations include study design heterogeneity and lack of control group presence. Randomized control trials are needed to substantiate the benefit of HBOT in fistulizing CD.
DEFINING LONG-TERM QUALITY OF LIFE AND FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES AFTER REDO ILEAL POUCH ANAL ANASTOMOSIS: WHAT SHOULD PATIENTS AND PROVIDERS EXPECT?
Authors: Maspero Marianna , Lavryk Olga , Holubar Stefan , Lipman Jeremy , Qazi Taha , Cohen Benjamin , Steele Scott , Hull Tracy
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Pouch failure after restorative proctocolectomy with ileal pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA) occurs in up to 15% of cases. A redo pouch procedure can be offered to maintain intestinal continuity after pouch failure, but little is known on quality of life (QoL) after redo pouch. We aimed to describe long-term QoL and functional outcomes after redo pouch.

METHODS

We retrospectively analyzed our prospectively collected redo pouch registry, and identified patients who had completed at least one Cleveland Global Quality of Life (CGQL) questionnaire after redo pouch. Figures are number (proportion) or median (interquartile range).

RESULTS

Out of 532 patients, CGQL were available for 375 (70%): 212 (57%) females, median age at redo pouch 40 (28 – 48) years. Diagnosis at index pouch was ulcerative colitis in 325 (87%) cases, indeterminate colitis in 13 (3%), Crohn’s disease in 15 (4%), familial adenomatous polyposis in 21 (6%). The median interval between index and redo pouch was 4 (2 – 6) years. The indication for redo pouch was sepsis in 230 (61%) cases, mechanical in 114 (31%), functional in 19 (5%), and dysplasia or cancer in 11 (3%). The anastomosis was handsewn in 72% cases.

After redo pouch, 351 (95%) had their stoma closed, while 18 (5%) never had stoma closure due to complications, and 5 (1%) due to patient preference. The median interval between redo pouch and latest CGQL was 4 (1 – 9) years. The overall CGQL score (0 – 1) was 0.7 (0.5 – 0.8), with median quality of life 7 (5 – 9), quality of health 7 (5 – 8) and quality of energy 6.5 (5 – 8). There were no differences in CGQL scores in patients who had a redo pouch due to septic complications versus other indications. The median number of bowel movements was 6 (5 – 8) during the daytime, 2 (1 – 3) during the nighttime, for a total of 8 (6 – 10) bowel movements per 24 hours. Dietary restrictions were reported by 50% patients, social restrictions by 34%, work restrictions by 38%, and sexual restrictions by 37% (Figure 1). Urgency occurring daily or most days was reported by 24% patients, incontinence by 10%. Consistency of stool was reported as liquid by 76% of patients. Seepage during the day was experience by 52% of patients, nocturnally in 68%, with 53% of patients reporting daytime pad use, and 61% at night. Median happiness with surgery was 8 (5 – 10): 80% patients would undergo surgery again, and 84% patients would recommend it to other people. During follow-up, 84 (22.5%) pouch failures occurred.

CONCLUSION

A redo pouch procedure allows a majority of patients to maintain intestinal continuity with good quality of life. Most patients would undergo redo pouch again and recommend it to others. Before redo pouch, patients need to be counselled regarding function expectations in regards to stool frequency and consistency, urgency, incontinence, seepage, and overall success rates.
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY OF IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME IN PATIENTS WITH QUIESCENT INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Authors: Oliveira Diego Brandão , Carvalho Naiara Salgado , dos Anjos Gabriele Alves , Silva Genoile Oliveira Santana
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

The presence of symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in remission is very common, affecting approximately one third of this population, with a negative impact on quality of life. It’s pathophysiology is still unclear, and it may be due to a subclinical inflammatory activity of IBD or a superimposed “true” IBS. Understanding the origin of this condition can help with the management, reducing withdrawals and reducing the chances of mistakes in the therapeutic escalation.

AIMS

To understand the pathophysiology of IBS manifestations in patients with quiescent IBD.

METHODS

Narrative literature review, based on relevant scientific publications, systematic reviews and expert opinions when applicable.

DISCUSSION

Some manuscripts have shown higher levels of fecal calprotectin and TNF-α, supporting the hypothesis that symptoms are due to subclinical activity of IBD. Other data corroborate the theory that the two diseases coexist, such as the higher prevalence in female sex and in patients with mood disorders, even if they are in endoscopic and histologic remission. Contrary to this manichaeism, a third hypothesis emerges with an expanded pathophysiological spectrum, with complementary characteristics of both diseases, considering bowel permeability and differentiated immune activation, with typical cytokines of IBD and IBS, resulting in sensorimotor dysfunction of brain-gut axis.

CONCLUSION

Based on recent cellular and molecular studies, the hypothesis that unites the pathophysiological processes of the two diseases gains strength, where the intestinal damage caused by IBD, with loss of the epithelial barrier and microinflammation creates a favorable environment for the development of symptoms after symptoms of IBS triggers, such as stress, anxiety, and infections.
THE PRESENCE OF CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS IS ASSOCIATED WITH INCREASED MORTALITY IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS WHO ARE UNDERGOING ENDOSCOPIC RETROGRADE CHOLANGIOPANCREATOGRAPHY (ERCP) WITH A CONCURRENT DIAGNOSIS OF IBD
Authors: Suga Herman , Chhoun Christopher , Patel Rahul , Blair Brian , Dasu Neethi , Khalid Yaser , Foster C Jonathan
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) undergoing ERCP can be prone to having worse hospital outcomes due to certain comorbidities. There are limited studies that have examined the impact of cardiac arrhythmias on patients with IBD undergoing ERCP. The aim of our study was to identify the impact of cardiac arrhythmias on outcomes for this patient population.

METHODS

Patients aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of IBD, ERCP, and cardiac arrhythmias were identified from the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), from the years 2015-2019, using ICD 10 codes. Multivariate regression analysis was used to estimate the odds ratios of in-hospital mortality, the average length of hospital stay, and hospital charges, after adjusting for age, gender, race, primary insurance payer status, hospital type, and size (number of beds), hospital region, hospital teaching status, and other demographic characteristics. Weighted analysis utilizing Stata 17 MP was performed.

RESULTS

This study identified approximately 410,100 patients with IBD who underwent ERCP from the years 2015 to 2019. Of these patients, 2,115 had cardiac arrhythmias (atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, and supraventricular tachycardia). The mean age of patients was 57.62 years. The analysis revealed that mortality was increased (OR 5.70, p= 0.008, CI: 1.59- 20.44), but the differences in length of stay (LOS) and total hospital charges (THC) were not statistically significant (p>0.05) for patients with IBD undergoing ERCP compared to patients with IBD undergoing ERCP who had cardiac arrhythmias. Independent positive predictors of mortality, LOS, and increased total hospital charges were sepsis and acute kidney injury.

CONCLUSION(S)

Our study shows that patients with IBD undergoing ERCP, and cardiac arrhythmias increased mortality, but did not impact hospital LOS or total hospital charges. Based on our study results, patients with cardiac arrhythmias need closer monitoring and there needs to be a focus on better treating and controlling cardiac arrhythmias that may develop. Future studies should explore the impact of each type of cardiac arrhythmia on outcomes and then there can be further risk stratification based on the type of cardiac arrhythmia present.
PHARMACOKINETIC AND PHARMACODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF AMISELIMOD, A SELECTIVE SPHINGOSINE 1-PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR MODULATOR, IN HEALTHY SUBJECTS: RESULTS FROM A PHASE 1 STUDY
Authors: Lee Jimin , Lester Robert , Lowe Ezra , Franklin Howard , Israel Robert , Laitman Adam
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Amiselimod is a selective sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulator in development for inflammatory bowel disease. It is converted to its active metabolite, amiselimod phosphate (amiselimod-P), and has a long half-life and slow accumulation to steady state. We evaluated a multiple-dose titration regimen to determine the plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of amiselimod and amiselimod-P at steady state for the 0.4 mg QD therapeutic dose on day 13 and for the 0.8 mg QD supratherapeutic dose on day 26. We also investigated the pharmacodynamic (PD) effect of amiselimod on absolute lymphocyte counts (ALCs).

METHODS

A randomized, double-blind, multiple-dose, placebo-controlled, parallel study with a nested crossover design assessed amiselimod and amiselimod-P. Healthy adults received a single dose of placebo followed by oral amiselimod, which was upwardly titrated in doses ranging from 0.4 to 1.6 mg QD to rapidly achieve steady-state concentrations for the 0.4 mg QD and 0.8 mg QD doses within a 28-day treatment period. The PK parameters of amiselimod and amiselimod-P (on days 1, 13 and 26) included the geometric mean (geometric coefficient of variation percentage [CV%]) maximum plasma concentration (Cmax), median (minimum, maximum) time to Cmax (Tmax), geometric mean (geometric CV%) area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) from time 0 to the last measurable concentration, and geometric mean (geometric CV%) AUC from time 0 to 23.5 hours postdose (AUC0-23.5). Multidose PD were evaluated by changes in ALCs.

RESULTS

The PK population included 95 amiselimod-treated participants and the PD population included 190 participants who received amiselimod or placebo. On day 13, the steady-state AUC and Cmax for amiselimod 0.4 mg QD increased by 10-fold for amiselimod and by 4-fold for amiselimod-P compared with day 1. On day 26, the steady-state AUC0-23.5 and Cmax for amiselimod 0.8 mg QD increased by 1.9-fold for amiselimod and by 1.8-fold for amiselimod-P compared with day 13. The median Tmax of plasma amiselimod and amiselimod-P were similar on all 3 days and were reached at 11 to 12 hours postdose for amiselimod and at 10 hours postdose for amiselimod-P. The mean ALCs for amiselimod exhibited a gradual decrease from predose (1.681 × 103/uL) to a nadir of 0.424 × 103/uL on day 27.

CONCLUSIONS

The abbreviated amiselimod dosing titration regimen reached steady state within 14 days for the therapeutic 0.4 mg QD regimen and within 26 days for the supratherapeutic 0.8 mg QD regimen; expected decreases in ALCs were observed following amiselimod.
SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL TREATMENT FOR REFRACTORY CROHN'S DISEASE
Authors: Rosenfeld Sam , Clark-Snustad Kindra , Kamp Kendra , Barahimi Mitra , Harper Jason , Jacobs Jeffrey , Lee Scott D
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND

Medically refractory Crohn’s disease is a significant challenge with poor remission rates and limited medication options. Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a small molecule immune suppressant, has mixed data to support its use in Crohn’s disease and has not been studied in refractory disease or biologic experienced patients.

AIMS

We aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of off-label clinical MMF treatment for refractory Crohn’s disease as monotherapy or in combination with a biologic.

METHODS

We retrospectively assessed adverse events (AEs), clinical response (Harvey-Bradshaw Index, HBI), endoscopic response (Simple Endoscopic Score in Crohn’s Disease, SES-CD), and physician’s subjective assessment (scale of 0-3) over 52 weeks at a single medical system including an academic medical center and county hospital.

RESULTS

61 patients received MMF as monotherapy (n=41) or in combination with a biologic (n=20) between 2008 and 2021 at a dose ranging from 500 – 2000 mg BID. Median age was 39 years (range 19-69) and median disease duration was 11 years (range 2-54). All patients had failed one or more TNF-alpha antagonist; the median number of failed biologics was 4. Median duration of therapy was 27 weeks.

Of patients with requisite data, 14/27 (52%) achieved clinical response (HBI decreased by ≥3) after mean 24.2 weeks (SD 20.4). 6/27 (22%) achieved clinical remission (HBI ≤4). Endoscopic response (SES-CD reduction ≥50%) occurred in 7/26 patients (27%) after mean 43.5 weeks (SD 29.5). Endoscopic remission (SES-CD ≤3) occurred in 4/26 patients (15%) and endoscopic healing (SES-CD =0) in 2/26 patients (8%). Per physician’s subjective assessment, 17/51 patients (33%) achieved clinical response (score improved by ≥1), 16/51 (31%) achieved clinical remission (score of 0 or 1), 10/34 patients (29%) achieved endoscopic response and 9/34 patients (26%) achieved endoscopic remission. Table 1 shows clinical and endoscopic response separated by monotherapy or in combination with a biologic.

AEs were reported in 27/61 patients (44%); 16 on monotherapy and 11 on combination. Most common AEs were mild infection, nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. Nausea/vomiting and diarrhea led to early discontinuation for several patients. Serious adverse events occurred in 2/61 patients (pneumonia requiring hospitalization and SVT) both on monotherapy.

CONCLUSIONS

MMF appears well-tolerated and results in clinical and endoscopic benefit for some patients with refractory Crohn’s disease. This study is limited by uncontrolled, retrospective design and small numbers that were eligible for analysis. The results support additional prospective testing of MMF either as monotherapy or in combination with a biologic for patients with refractory Crohn’s disease.
Use of artificial intelligence for cancer clinical trial enrollment: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Chow Ronald , Midroni Julie , Kaur Jagdeep , Boldt Gabriel , Liu Geoffrey , Eng Lawson , Liu Fei-Fei , Haibe-Kains Benjamin , Lock Michael , Raman Srinivas
Published: January 2023

Background

The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of the current landscape of artificial intelligence (AI) for cancer clinical trial enrollment and its predictive accuracy in identifying eligible patients for inclusion in such trials.

Methods

Databases of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched until June 2022. Articles were included if they reported on AI actively being used in the clinical trial enrollment process. Narrative synthesis was conducted among all extracted data: accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value. For studies where the 2x2 contingency table could be calculated or supplied by authors, a meta-analysis to calculate summary statistics was conducted using the hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristics curve model.

Results

Ten articles reporting on more than 50 000 patients in 19 datasets were included. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity exceeded 80% in all but 1 dataset. Positive predictive value exceeded 80% in 5 of 17 datasets. Negative predictive value exceeded 80% in all datasets. Summary sensitivity was 90.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 70.9% to 97.4%); summary specificity was 99.3% (95% CI = 81.8% to 99.9%).

Conclusions

AI demonstrated comparable, if not superior, performance to manual screening for patient enrollment into cancer clinical trials. As well, AI is highly efficient, requiring less time and human resources to screen patients. AI should be further investigated and implemented for patient recruitment into cancer clinical trials. Future research should validate the use of AI for clinical trials enrollment in less resource-rich regions and ensure broad inclusion for generalizability to all sexes, ages, and ethnicities.
The Case for Motivational Interviewing With Couples
Authors: Starks Tyrel J. , Sauermilch Daniel
Published: January 2023

This chapter provides an overview of the approach to couples Motivational Interviewing that constitutes the primary subject matter of the text overall, as well as a rationale for its development in research focused on drug use and HIV-related outcomes among sexual minority men. Informed by interdependence theory, the approach here conceptualizes the couple in toto—rather than one partner within the couple—as the client. Dyadic functioning—satisfaction, commitment, and emotional investment—serves as a catalyst for change rather than a goal unto itself. This chapter situates this novel framework for couples Motivational Interviewing within the contest of prior research on Motivational Interviewing and couples therapy as well as drug use and sexual health interventions with sexual minority men.
The Spirit of Motivational Interviewing With Couples
Authors: Starks Tyrel J.
Published: January 2023

This chapter positions Motivational Interviewing with couples in the larger context of client-centered practices in individual and couples therapy. The role of the counselor during a Motivational Interview with couples is understood as balancing two dialectics. The dialectic of focus refers to the extent to which the counselor attends to the individual partners versus the couple as a whole. The dialectic of activity refers to the extent to which the counselor assumes a stance of reflective observer versus serving as a moderator of the interactions between partners. The chapter culminates in a discussion of how the four traditional elements of Motivational Interviewing Spirit—empathy, evocation, collaboration, and compassion—are expressed within the context of a couple’s session.
Communication, Trust, and Power
Authors: Starks Tyrel J. , Doyle Kendell M.
Published: January 2023

While their position in interdependence theory is relatively more implicit, communication, trust, and power are influential components of dyadic functioning. Together, they shape the way partners interact and make decisions together. This chapter provides an overview of relevant research on each of these topics and discusses how this work can expand and elaborate the application of interdependence theory to Motivational Interviewing. The chapter also reviews couples interventions that address these elements of relationship functioning and explores the potential for practice integration. Drawing on concepts, strategies, and procedures from such interventions provides a starting point for counselors who wish to help couples work toward goals like improving general communication, addressing deficits of trust, and sharing decision-making power more equitably. Special considerations and best practices for the screening and referral of couples experiencing intimate partner violence are also discussed.
Modelling kilonova afterglows: Effects of the thermal electron population and interaction with GRB outflows
Authors: Nedora Vsevolod , Dietrich Tim , Shibata Masaru , Pohl Martin , Crosato Menegazzi Ludovica
Published: January 2023

Given an increasing number of gamma-ray bursts accompanied by potential kilonovae, there is a growing importance to advance modelling of kilonova afterglows. In this work, we investigate how the presence of two electron populations that follow a Maxwellian (thermal) and a power-law (non-thermal) distribution affect kilonova afterglow light curves. We employ semi-analytic afterglow model, PyBlastAfterglow. We consider kilonova ejecta profiles from ab-initio numerical relativity binary neutron star merger simulations, targeted to GW170817. We do not perform model selection. We find that the emission from thermal electrons dominates at early times. If the interstellar medium density is high (${\simeq }0.1\, \, \text{cm}^{-3}$), it adds an early time peak to the light curve. As ejecta decelerates, the spectral and temporal indexes change in a characteristic way that, if observed, can be used to reconstruct the ejecta velocity distribution. For the low interstellar medium density, inferred for GRB 170817A, the emission from the non-thermal electron population generally dominates. We also assess how kilonova afterglow light curves change if the interstellar medium has been partially removed and pre-accelerated by laterally expanding gamma-ray burst ejecta. For the latter, we consider properties informed by observations of GRB170817A. We find that the main effect is the emission suppression at early time ${\lesssim }10^{3}\,$ days, and at its maximum it reaches ${\sim }40{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$ when the fast tail of the kilonova ejecta moves subsonically through the wake of laterally spreading gamma-ray burst ejecta. The subsequent rebrightening, when these ejecta break through and shocks form, is very mild (${\lesssim }10{{\ \rm per\ cent}}$) and may not be observable.
Ultraconserved elements resolve the phylogeny and corroborate patterns of molecular rate variation in herons (Aves: Ardeidae)
Authors: Hruska Jack P , Holmes Jesse , Oliveros Carl , Shakya Subir , Lavretsky Philip , McCracken Kevin G , Sheldon Frederick H , Moyle Robert G
Published: January 2023

Thoroughly sampled and well-supported phylogenetic trees are essential to taxonomy and to guide studies of evolution and ecology. Despite extensive prior inquiry, a comprehensive tree of heron relationships (Aves: Ardeidae) has not yet been published. As a result, the classification of this family remains unstable, and their evolutionary history remains poorly studied. Here, we sample genome-wide ultraconserved elements (UCEs) and mitochondrial DNA sequences (mtDNA) of >90% of extant species to estimate heron phylogeny using a combination of maximum likelihood, coalescent, and Bayesian inference methods. The UCE and mtDNA trees are mostly concordant with one another, providing a topology that resolves relationships among the 5 heron subfamilies and indicates that the genera Gorsachius, Botaurus, Ardea, and Ixobrychus are not monophyletic. We also present the first genetic data from the Forest Bittern Zonerodius heliosylus, an enigmatic species of New Guinea; our results suggest that it is a member of the genus Ardeola and not the Tigrisomatinae (tiger herons), as previously thought. Finally, we compare molecular rates between heron clades in the UCE tree with those in previously constructed mtDNA and DNA–DNA hybridization trees. We show that rate variation in the UCE tree corroborates rate patterns in the previously constructed trees—that bitterns (Ixobrychus and Botaurus) evolved comparatively faster, and some tiger herons (Tigrisoma) and the Boat-billed Heron (Cochlearius) more slowly, than other heron taxa.
Sexuality, Youth Cultures, and the Persistence of the Double Standard in the Twentieth-Century United States
Authors: Syrett Nicholas L.
Published: January 2023

Tracing the centrality of sexuality to twentieth-century American youth culture reveals changes in patterns of courtship. It shows that young men and women have incorporated necking, petting, and eventually sexual intercourse into the rituals of treating, dating, going steady, and hooking up. There is thus a general trend toward the loosening of restrictions and sexual liberation. Despite this, a significant minority of young men have persisted in framing sexual behavior through the lens of the double standard. Through this lens, women are punished for engaging in acts of premarital sex, the same acts that reward boys and young men via an enhancement of their masculinity.
Organ-izing Embodied Practices of Common(-ing) and Enfleshed Con-vivialities
Authors: Küpers Wendelin
Published: January 2023

Resonating with a (post-)phenomenological orientation, and based on a critical contextualization, this chapter explores the need, possibilities, and limitations for organizing the commons. This commons is understood as embodied, extended to practices of ‘commoning’ and enfleshed convivialities in relation to organization. All of these dimensions will be developed in relation to Merleau-Ponty’s phenomenology of the body and perception and his ontology of ‘flesh’ understood as elemental ‘carnality’ and formative reversible and chiasmic medium. Finally, some implications and perspectives on the tragicomedy of the commons are outlined.
Listening to the Sounds of the Algorithm
Authors: Lenglet Marc
Published: January 2023

Phenomenology is both a difficult and sometimes undervalued philosophical tradition. In organization theory, it is often criticized for its supposed inability to get rid of the dualism of subject and object on the one hand, and the conceptual toolbox that goes with this dichotomic understanding of the world on the other. This chapter takes a contrary view and advocates for the need to further develop the phenomenological gaze, building from the example of the social studies of finance. Drawing from a couple of examples focusing on noise in financial markets, I discuss how algorithms have changed the type of sounds that one can experience on the trading floor. I thereafter make a few proposals for prolonging our study of market materiality beyond the traditional recipes of the social studies of finance, thanks to embodied phenomenological descriptions. I highlight the need for making space for the voice-less actors and actants, for redeveloping the perceptual and sensorial dimensions of experience, and for paying attention to moments of dissonance.
Producing the Organizational Space
Authors: Uda Tadashi
Published: January 2023

This study explores how the organizational space of Buddhist temples as co-working spaces in Japan was bodily produced by priests, a small company, and users, drawing on a phenomenological qualitative approach. Whereas phenomenology has attracted scholars’ attention in the literature on organizational space, there is still little research that describes the detailed history and context of space production, and adopts a holistic approach to illuminate the interaction between various aspects, such as organization and society. Moreover, previous studies tend to mainly draw on the literature of the body and embodiment processes in the Western world. Focusing on the case study of ‘tera-co-working’, which brings together traditional Buddhist temples and contemporary co-working spaces, we found that ‘the body seen by others’, based on the non-Western (Japanese) literature, the tatami mat as a foundational artefact, the yukaza as a mode of sitting, and the sacred atmosphere retained by daily religious duties, interact and have significant roles in producing the lived experience of temple co-working spaces.
OsSYMRK Plays an Essential Role in AM Symbiosis in Rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Miyata Kana , Hosotani Moe , Akamatsu Akira , Takeda Naoya , Jiang Wendi , Sugiyama Taisei , Takaoka Ryou , Matsumoto Kotarou , Abe Satsuki , Shibuya Naoto , Kaku Hanae
Published: January 2023

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi establish mutualistic symbiosis with a wide range of terrestrial plants, including rice. However, the mechanisms underlying the initiation of AM symbiosis are yet to be elucidated, particularly in nonleguminous plants. We previously demonstrated that chitin elicitor receptor kinase 1 (OsCERK1), a lysin motif receptor–like kinase essential for chitin-triggered immunity, also plays a key role in AM symbiosis in rice. However, the mechanisms underlying the regulation of switching between immunity and symbiosis by OsCERK1 are yet to be fully elucidated. SYMBIOSIS RECEPTOR–LIKE KINASE (SYMRK)/DOES NOT MAKE INFECTIONS 2 (DMI2) is a leucine-rich repeat receptor–like kinase associated with both root nodule symbiosis and AM symbiosis in legumes. The homolog of SYMRK in rice, OsSYMRK, has a shorter form than that in legumes because OsSYMRK lacks a malectin-like domain (MLD). The MLD reportedly contributes to symbiosis in Lotus japonicus; however, the contribution of OsSYMRK to AM symbiosis in rice remains unclear. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that the MLD of SYMRK/DMI2 is widely conserved even in mosses and ferns but absent in commelinids, including rice. To understand the function of OsSYMRK, we produced an Ossymrk knockout mutant using genome editing technology. AM colonization was mostly abolished in Ossymrk with a more severe phenotype than Oscerk1. Ca2+ spiking against chitin tetramer was also diminished in Ossymrk. In contrast, comparable defense responses against chitin heptamer to the wild type were observed in Ossymrk. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation studies demonstrating an interaction between OsSYMRK and OsCERK1 indicate that OsSYMRK may play an important role in switching from immunity to symbiosis through the interaction with OsCERK1 in rice.
microRNA408 and its encoded peptide regulate sulfur assimilation and arsenic stress response in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kumar Ravi Shankar , Sinha Hiteshwari , Datta Tapasya , Asif Mehar Hasan , Trivedi Prabodh Kumar
Published: January 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a central role in regulating various developmental and biological processes. The expression of miRNAs is differentially modulated in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. Recent findings have shown that some pri-miRNAs encode small regulatory peptides known as microRNA-encoded peptides (miPEPs). miPEPs regulate the growth and development of plants by modulating corresponding miRNA expression; however, the role of these peptides under different stress conditions remains unexplored. Here, we report that pri-miR408 encodes a small peptide, miPEP408, that regulates the expression of miR408, its targets, and associated phenotype in Arabidopsis. We also report that miR408, apart from Plantacyanin (ARPN) and Laccase3 (LAC3), targets a glutathione S-transferase (GSTU25) that plays a role in sulfur assimilation and exhibits a range of detoxification activities with the environmental pollutant. Plants overexpressing miR408 showed severe sensitivity under low sulfur (LS), arsenite As(III), and LS + As(III) stress, while miR408 mutants developed using the CRISPR/Cas9 approach showed tolerance. Transgenic lines showed phenotypic alteration and modulation in the expression of genes involved in the sulfur reduction pathway and affect sulfate and glutathione accumulation. Similar to miR408 overexpressing lines, the exogenous application of synthetic miPEP408 and miPEP408OX lines led to sensitivity in plants under LS, As(III), and combined LS + As(III) stress compared to the control. This study suggests the involvement of miR408 and miPEP408 in heavy metal and nutrient deficiency responses through modulation of the sulfur assimilation pathway.
Misdemeanor Prosecution
Authors: Agan Amanda , Doleac Jennifer L , Harvey Anna
Published: January 2023

Communities across the United States are reconsidering the public safety benefits of prosecuting nonviolent misdemeanor offenses, yet there is little empirical evidence to inform policy in this area. We report the first estimates of the causal effects of misdemeanor prosecution on defendants’ subsequent criminal justice involvement. We leverage the as-if random assignment of nonviolent misdemeanor cases to assistant district attorneys (ADAs) who decide whether a case should be prosecuted in the Suffolk County District Attorney’s Office in Massachusetts. These ADAs vary in the average leniency of their prosecution decisions. We find that for the marginal defendant, nonprosecution of a nonviolent misdemeanor offense leads to a 53% reduction in the likelihood of a new criminal complaint and a 60% reduction in the number of new criminal complaints over the next two years. These local average treatment effects are largest for defendants without prior criminal records, suggesting that averting criminal record acquisition is an important mechanism driving our findings. We also present evidence that a recent policy change in Suffolk County imposing a presumption of nonprosecution for nonviolent misdemeanor offenses had similar beneficial effects, decreasing the likelihood of subsequent criminal justice involvement.
Justifying Dissent
Authors: Bursztyn Leonardo , Egorov Georgy , Haaland Ingar , Rao Aakaash , Roth Christopher
Published: January 2023

Dissent plays an important role in any society, but dissenters are often silenced through social sanctions. Beyond their persuasive effects, rationales providing arguments supporting dissenters’ causes can increase the public expression of dissent by providing a “social cover” for voicing otherwise stigmatized positions. Motivated by a simple theoretical framework, we experimentally show that liberals are more willing to post a tweet opposing the movement to defund the police, are seen as less prejudiced, and face lower social sanctions when their tweet implies they had first read credible scientific evidence supporting their position. Analogous experiments with conservatives demonstrate that the same mechanisms facilitate anti-immigrant expression. Our findings highlight both the power of rationales and their limitations in enabling dissent and shed light on phenomena such as social movements, political correctness, propaganda, and antiminority behavior.
Chordin Like-1 Regulates Osteoblast and Adipocyte Differentiation Through Stabilizing Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 3
Authors: Sun Haijian , Wang Shuang , Yang Zheng , Tian Lijie , Li Xiaoxia , Zhou Jie , Wang Baoli
Published: January 2023

Chordin like-1 (CHRDL1) is an antagonist of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) that acts through binding BMPs and blocking their interaction with BMP receptors. CHRDL1 plays a role in osteoblast differentiation but controversial effects were reported. On the other hand, the role of CHRDL1 in adipogenesis is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the function of CHRDL1 in regulating differentiation of osteoblasts and adipocytes and elucidated the underlying mechanism. CHRDL1 expression was downregulated during osteogenesis while it was upregulated during adipogenesis in primary cultured and established mesenchymal progenitor cell lines. Functional experiments revealed that CHRDL1 suppressed osteoblast differentiation and promoted adipocyte differentiation. Mechanistic explorations revealed that CHRDL1 is directly bound to insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP3) and attenuated the degradation of the latter. Furthermore, CHRDL1 and IGFBP3 suppressed the activity of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1)/AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT)/mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling in progenitor cells undergoing osteogenic differentiation. By contrast, they activated AKT/mTORC1 signaling independently of IRS1 during adipogenic differentiation. CHRDL1 enhanced the interaction of nuclear IGFBP3 and retinoid X receptor α (RXRα) during adipogenesis, and inhibition of RXR inactivated AKT and attenuated the stimulation of adipogenic differentiation by CHRDL1. Overexpression of IGFBP3 relieved the perturbation of osteogenic and adipogenic differentiation of progenitor cells induced by CHRDL1 silencing. Finally, CHRDL1 and IGFBP3 were upregulated in the trabecular bone of aged mice. Our study provides evidence that CHRDL1 reciprocally regulates osteoblast and adipocyte differentiation through stabilizing IGFBP3 and differentially modulating AKT/mTORC1 signaling.
Utilization of Transport Data to Decrease Unnecessarily Repeated Laboratory Tests
Authors: Adair Austin Brett , Dejanovich Bryan , Walsh Michele
Published: January 2023

Objectives

In pediatric patients being transported for management of diabetic ketoacidosis, laboratory tests will frequently be trended throughout transportation and subsequently immediately repeated upon arrival to a particular institution. These laboratory tests may not add value to a patient’s care trajectory and therefore may be unnecessary. This study examines differences between pH, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and glucose levels drawn during transportation and those drawn at our home institution immediately upon arrival to determine if repeating those laboratory tests upon arrival to the emergency department serves any purpose in adding to patient care.

Methods

This study compares pH, sodium, potassium, chloride, bicarbonate, and glucose levels drawn during transport and at our home institution. Box and whisker plots between transport and institution laboratory values were constructed. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was performed to determine differences between pH, sodium, potassium, bicarbonate, and glucose levels, as these value sets were not normally distributed. A paired t test was performed to determine differences between transport and institution chloride values given that these value sets were normally distributed. Savings were then calculated based on charges to the patient to determine overall cost savings by not immediately repeating these laboratory tests upon presentation.

Results

Box and whisker plots showed marked similarity between laboratory tests drawn in transport and those immediately upon arrival to our ED. Paired t test did not demonstrate a statistical difference between transport and ED chloride levels (P = 0.5699); therefore, we failed to reject the null hypothesis. Wilcoxon signed rank test did not demonstrate a statistical difference between transport and ED pH (P = 0.1294) and potassium (P = 0.4523) values; therefore, we failed to reject the null hypothesis. However, Wilcoxon signed rank test did demonstrate a statistically significant difference between uncorrected sodium (P = 0.0006), corrected sodium (P = 0.0075), bicarbonate (P = <0.0001), and glucose levels (P = 0.0086).

Conclusions

Although there were some statistically significant differences between the laboratory value sets, it is arguable whether there are any clinically significant differences between them.

Based on our failure to show a clinically significant difference between laboratory values drawn during transportation and those drawn immediately upon presentation to the institution, repeating laboratory draws after transportation do not add value to a patient’s care trajectory. We should therefore rely on the laboratory values that were drawn from our transportation teams as part of the continuum of patient care.
Zeimonas sediminis sp. nov., isolated from mangrove sediment
Authors: Li Jiayi , Liu Lirui , Huang Yuhan , Pan Jie , Li Meng
Published: January 2023

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, FT117T, was isolated from mangrove sediment collected in Shenzhen, Guangdong, PR China. Growth occurred at 20–45 °C (optimum, 40 °C), pH 6–10 (optimum, 8) and in the presence of 0–5 % NaCl (optimum, 0 %). The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the identity between FT117T and

Zeimonas arvi

CC-CFT501T was the highest (98.7 %), followed by

Quisquiliibacterium transsilvanicum

JCM 31785T (93.6 %),

Lautropia mirabilis

CCUG 34794T (93.6 %) and

Pandoraea eparura

LMG 31012T (93.5 %). The main fatty acids (>10 %) were C16 : 0 (35.8 %), cyclo-C17 : 0 (18.5 %) and summed feature 3 (18.1 %). The polar lipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified aminophospholipids and one unidentified lipid. The sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8 (Q-8). Its DNA G+C content was 70.6 % (data from the genome sequence) and the estimated genome size was 3.860 Mb. The average nucleotide identity values between the FT117T genome and the genomes of

Z. arvi

CC-CFT501T,

Q. transsilvanicum

JCM 31785T,

L. mirabilis

CCUG 34794T and

Paraburkholderia strydomiana

LMG 31012T were 85.4 %, 76.4 %, 73.0 % and 71.3 %, and the digital DNA–DNA hybridization values were 29.1 %, 21.0 %, 20.3 % and 19.1 %, respectively. The phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic differences between FT117T and its phylogenetic relatives indicate that FT117T should be regarded as representing a novel species within the genus

Zeimonas

, for which the name Zeimonas sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is FT117T (=KCTC 92314T = MCCC 1K07396T).
Sandaracinobacteroides sayramensis sp. nov., a yellow-pigmented bacterium isolated from lake water
Authors: Xamxidin Maripat , Ou Xin-Yi , Huang Xin-Peng , Abliz Abduwali , Wang Tao , Chen Can , Wu Min
Published: January 2023

A Gram-negative, non-motile, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain RS1-74T, was isolated from the surface water of Sayram Lake, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China. The strain was able to grow optimally at 30 °C and pH 7.0–7.5, and in the presence of 0–0.5 % (v/w) NaCl. Catalase and oxidase activities were present. H2S was produced. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed Q-10 was the sole respiratory quinone. The polar lipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, two glycolipids, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid and two unidentified lipids. Summed feature 3 (C16 : 1
 ω7c and/or C16 : 1
 ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
 ω7c and/or C18 : 1
 ω6c) were the predominant fatty acids. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain RS1-74T was closely related to ‘

Sandaracinobacter neustonicus

’ JCM 30 734 (98.65 %), ‘

Sandaracinobacter sibiricus

’ RB16-17 (98.42 %) and

Sandaracinobacteroides hominis

SZY PN-1T (97.09%). The genomic DNA G+C content was 66.45 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and DNA–DNA hybridization values among the genomes of strain RS1-74T and ‘

Sandaracinobacter neustonicus

’ JCM 30734 and

Sandaracinobacteroides hominis

SZY PN-1T were 78.2 and 77.22 %, and 22.2 and 20.40 %, respectively. Based on the physiological, biochemical, phylogenetic and genomic data, strain RS1-74T represents a novel species within the genus

Sandaracinobacteroides

, for which the name Sandaracinobacteroides sayramensis sp. nov. is proposed, with type strain RS1-74T (=KCTC 82674T=MCCC 1K06282T).
Use of multimodal sensory cues in predator avoidance by wild-caught zebrafish shoals
Authors: Mukherjee Ishani , Malakar Aniket , Das Dipjyoti , Bhat Anuradha
Published: January 2023

Shoaling in fishes is regulated by factors like predation, vegetation cover, water flow and food availability. Shoals detect and respond to changes in these ecological factors using a multimodal sensory system. Here, we examine the immediate response of wild-caught zebrafish (Danio rerio)shoals to cues from its natural predator, the snakehead (Channa sp.). Zebrafish shoals were recorded upon exposure to (1) olfactory predator cues, (2) visual predator cues, (3) both cues together, and (4) no cue. We tracked individuals and analysed shoal responses across these treatments. We found that compared to control treatments, shoals receiving either visual or olfactory cues had significantly greater: (i) cohesion, (ii) polarization and (iii) velocity. Interestingly, when the shoals received both cues simultaneously, the cohesion, polarization and velocity decreased and a significantly greater number of individual freezing events occurred. Therefore, zebrafish relied on both visual and olfactory cues to escape predation. However, when shoals were presented with both cues together, while freezing frequency increased, other responses were comparable to control treatments where no predator cue was provided. While this study indicates that multimodal cues elicit a different anti-predator response than the cues singly, more experiments are required to identify the underlying cause of this behaviour.