bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metadata Retention and the Internet
Authors: Huston Geoff
Published: April 2019

The Metadata Retention measures being considered in Australia make some sweeping assumptions about the semantics of IP addresses and their association with individual subscribers to the Internet. But are these assumptions warranted? The exhaustion of the free pool of IPv4 addresses has prompted a new generation of Internet services that treat IP addresses as ephemeral shared conversation tokens, and retaining address use metadata in such an environment is an exercise in futility. The regulatory environment persists in treating the Internet in the same manner as the telephone network, and as a network-centric service utility, while the revolutionary change that the Internet bought to the communications environment was to reverse the roles of network and attached device, and form a device-centric model of communications. Unless our regulators can grasp the implications of this essential architectural change we will continue to see misplaced and ultimately futile regulatory measures imposed on the Internet, to the ultimate cost of the consumer.
Public Telephone Cabinets In Australia
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: April 2019

Two papers from the Telecommunications Journal of Australia in 1956 and 1960 respectively. The first provides an overview of public telephone cabinets in Australia and the second describes the state of the art, aluminium public telephone cabinet.
Aluminium Distribution Cabinets Resistance to Rifle Fire
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: April 2019

An unusual historic paper from 1966 where the Post Master General’s Headquarters Lines Section collaborated with the Department of the Army to subject aluminium distribution cabinets to ballistics testing ahead of possible rural deployment.
It’s only the beginning: Metadata Retention laws and the Internet of Things
Authors: Fernandes Clinton , Sivaraman Vijay
Published: April 2019

This article examines the implications of selected aspects of the Telecommunications (Interception and Access) Amendment (Data Retention) Act 2015, which was passed by the Australian Parliament in March 2015. It shows how the new law has strengthened protections for privacy. However, focusing on the investigatory implications, it shows how the law provides a tactical advantage to investigators who pursue whistleblowers and investigative journalists. The article exposes an apparent discrepancy in the way ‘journalist’ is defined across different pieces of legislation. It argues that although legislators’ interest has been overwhelmingly focused on communications data, the explosion of data generated by the so-called Internet-of-Things (IoT) is as important or more. It shows how the sensors in selected IoT devices lead to a loss of user control and will enable non-stop, involuntary and ubiquitous monitoring of individuals. It suggests that the law will need to be amended further once legislators and investigators’ knowledge of the potential of IoT increases.
Internet of Things for smart homes and buildings: Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Ghayvat Hemant , Mukhopadhyay S.C , Liu Jie , Babu Arun , Elahi Eshrat , Gui Xiang
Published: April 2019

Pervasive sensing facilitated by Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) technologies offered the integration of modern technology into a daily routine. The smart sensing approach offers the ability to sense the ambient parameters and use of different objects in the urban environment. Identification and monitoring technologies, WSNs, wireless communication protocols, and dispersed intelligence for objects are primitive elements of smart environmental solution. The WSNs with the application of Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing are uplifting the smart home solutions and applications. The present research work aims to develop smart home and building solutions based on IoT and cloud computing. The cloud implementation using free cloud space, which is based on collaboration between public and private clouds, is presented. Additionally the research work recorded recent practical challenges and limitations encounter while designing the IoT-based smart environment. The research identifies the IoT idea through the conjunction of WSNs, the internet and distributed computing with data mining and machine learning an approach to apply at smart home to benefit and humankind.
Information and Communication Technology in Antarctica
Authors: Yates Peter
Published: April 2019

The Australian Antarctic Division has a long history of providing telecommunications as part of the support provided to expeditioners within the Australian Antarctic Territory. Since the days when Mawson’s expedition in 1911 setup the first transmitter at Commonwealth Bay, the Division has provided continuous and increasingly sophisticated telecommunications capability that now includes data to support medical services, science, education and Internet access. The provision of telecommunications to Antarctica relies on satellite transmission for backhaul.
From Universal Service to Universal Communications
Authors: Raiche Holly
Published: April 2019

The policy of universal service must change.  The 1975 world of a government-owned monopoly provider obligated to provide fixed line voice telephony has been replaced by the twenty-first century reality of Australians using fixed, mobile and text communications over a range of communications equipment and services provided by competitive providers.  A new universal service must reflect those changed realities, and with it, the changed environment of a national broadband network, with competitive providers offering service and equipment choice.
Cinema and Cyberphobia: Internet Tropes in Film and Television
Authors: Rosewarne Lauren
Published: April 2019

Despite the widespread embrace of the Internet and the second nature way we each turn to Google for information, to social media to see our friends, to netporn and Netflix for recreation, film and television tells a very different story. On screen, a character dating online, gaming online or shopping online, invariably serves as a clue that they’re somewhat troubled: they may be a socially excluded nerd at one end of the spectrum, through to being a paedophile or homicidal maniac seeking prey at the other. On screen, the Internet is frequently presented as a clue, a risk factor and a rationale for a character’s deviance or danger. While the Internet has come to play a significant role in screen narratives, an undercurrent of many depictions – in varying degrees of fervour – is that the Web is complicated, elusive and potentially even hazardous. This paper draws from research conducted for my book Cyberbullies, Cyberactivists, Cyberpredators: Film, TV, and Internet Stereotypes (Rosewarne, 2016). While that volume provided an analysis of the denizens of the Internet through the examination of over 500 film and television examples – profiling screen stereotypes such as netgeeks, neckbeards, and netaddicts – this paper focuses on some of the recurring themes in portrayals of the Internet, shedding light on the how, and perhaps most importantly why, the fear of the technology is so common. This paper presents a series of themes used to frame the Internet as negative on screen including dehumanisation, the Internet as a badlands, the Web as possessing inherent vulnerabilities and the cyberbogeyman.
Radio Telephone Surveying - The Traditional Way
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: April 2019

Radio telephone surveying at the end of World War 2 was physically challenging, as well as technically demanding. The historic paper describes the extraordinary challenges faced by technical and lines personnel conducting propagation measurements for a radio telephone link from Victoria to Tasmania between 1947 and 1949.
An ethnography of Bitcoin: Towards a future research agenda
Authors: Maddox Alexia , Singh Supriya , Horst Heather A. , Adamson Greg
Published: April 2019

Cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin are a recent socio-technical innovation that seeks to disrupt the existing monetary system. Through mundane uses of this new digital cash, they provide a social critique of the centralized infrastructures of the banking industry. This paper outlines an ethnographic research agenda for this new digital frontier of social practice and exchange and the human affordances of engaging with cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. Firstly we argue that the use of Bitcoin can be seen as acts of social resistance and a form of social mobility that harnesses the emergent, serendipitous and dynamic properties of digital community. We then outline the disruptive nature of borderless, affordable and instantaneous international transfers within social practice. Finally, we identify the possible permutations of trust that may be found in the technical affordances of Bitcoin and how these relate to user (pseudo)anonymity, cybertheft, cyberfraud, and consumer protection. Bringing together these three key areas we highlight the importance of understanding the ordinary (rather than extra-ordinary) uses of cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. We contend that focusing upon users interactions with Bitcoin as a system and culture will shed light upon mundane acts of socio-technical disruption, acts that critique and provide alternative financial exchange practices to the economic and regulatory financial infrastructures of the centralised banking industry.
Some Thoughts about Australian Telecommunications
Authors: Nulty Leslie , Nulty Tim
Published: April 2019

Australia is facing numerous challenges in its attempt to upgrade its telecom infrastructure.  This paper summarizes the little-known and even less understood history of telecom development in the USA.  The authors believe this may provide useful ideas for Australian telecom policy and development that have not yet been considered.
The NBN from 2009 to 2016 and Beyond - A Commentary on Mike Quigley’s June 2016 Address to the Telecommunications Association
Authors: Campbell Leith H
Published: April 2019

On 22 June 2016, Mike Quigley, the founding CEO of NBN Co, gave an address to TelSoc on his insights into, and predictions for, the Australian National Broadband Network (NBN).  This article provides a brief summary of his presentation and a commentary on some of the issues raised.  Mr Quigley contended that, if there had not been a hiatus and change of direction after the election of the Coalition government in 2013, the rollout of the NBN would have been completed by December 2021 within a peak funding of $45 billion, broadly in accord with NBN Co’s plans from September 2013.  A major part of the original plan was for fibre to 93% of existing premises within the fixed-line footprint of the NBN.  He noted that the replacement of the fibre plan in 2013 with a multi-technology mix had slowed deployment.  He showed that the Coalition’s assertions while in opposition about the cost and take-up of the NBN had not proved true up to December 2015.  Mr Quigley’s critique also raised a number of issues about the future direction of the NBN, particularly with regard to a future upgrade of technology and greater capacity needs.
The APT Frequency Arrangement in the 700 MHz: Reflections on the International Spectrum Management Regime
Authors: El-Moghazi Mohamed , Whalley Jason , Irvine James
Published: April 2019

Following WRC-12, discussions have emerged with regard to the frequency arrangements in the 700 MHz band, out of band emissions (OOBE) of the mobile terminals below 694 MHz considering the allocation of the 694-790 MHz band to the mobile service. These discussions have shown that there is a tendency to partially harmonise with the APT plan and to adopt APT OOBE values. This reflects the emerging approach of countries in Regions 1 and 2 that are aligning themselves with Region 3 to lower the cost of end user equipment. Countries such as Australia and New Zealand are leading the discussion in Region 3. The 700 MHz issue has revealed that the ITU-R decision making procedures are mostly based upon consensus with the possibility of few countries blocking the discussion. Moreover, it suggests that there is a need to revise the current ITU-R structure of three regions.
Social Practices of 3D Printing: Decentralising Control, and Reconfiguring Regulation
Authors: Heemsbergen Luke , Fordyce Robbie , Nansen Bjorn , Apperley Thomas , Arnold Mike , Birtchnell Thomas
Published: April 2019

This paper considers the social practices of 3D printing by comparing consumer perspectives and practices with legal scholarship on intellectual property regimes. The paper draws on data gained through a mixed-methods approach involving participant observation, focus groups, and social network analysis of 3D printing file-sharing practices. It finds that while consumers display a level of naivety about their 3D printing rights and responsibilities, they possess a latent understanding about broader digital economies that guide their practices. We suggest that the social practices associated with 3D printing function through communication networks to decentralise manufacture and reconfigure legal capacities for regulation. The paper concludes by introducing nascent paths forward for policy frames across industry, government and consumer concern to address the opportunities and challenges of 3D printing’s evolving interface with society.
Grand Intentions
Authors: Gregory Mark A
Published: April 2019

It is with the best of intentions that Australia embarked on a program of privatisation that commenced in the 1970s and continues today. Government’s efforts over the past 40 years to divest itself of utilities and enterprises in a shift from a command economy to a broader market economy is to be applauded but only lightly for the implementation of the privatisation program has, at times, been a shambles resulting in failed legislation and regulation, unwanted outcomes, and a lack of competition. It is timely that Emeritus Professor Tevor Barr has authored a novel that was inspired by real events during the privatisation of Australian Government telecommunications assets. The aptly named and newly privatised Telco One has recruited a chief executive officer from New York and the business culture transition begins. Decades after the events described in Professor Barr’s Grand Intentions the Australian telecommunications market remains in a state of constant flux with successive Governments failing to put in place a balanced, fair and open competitive market that would justify the privatisation program. The rationale for the National Broadband Network highlights the quagmire into which the Government of the day was forced to step and it will be another five to ten years before a future Government has the next opportunity to restructure the industry. Let us hope that they get it right this time around.
Retention and disclosure of location information and location identifiers OTT content and communication services
Authors: Shanapinda Stanley
Published: April 2019

This article describes how Australia’s metadata retention and disclosure regime addresses the retention and disclosure of location information and location identifiers by locally licensed telecommunications service providers and those that do not require a licence to operate in Australia. The article specifically looks at over the-top-content and communication services. The retention and disclosure duties are described in contrast to the powers of the law enforcement agencies to access and use location information from free online social networking services, whereas the law seeks to restrict the retention and thereby the disclosure of location information in respect of over the-top-content and communication services that are not provided by the licensed or unlicensed telecommunications service provider. The paper argues the retention limitations in respect of over the-top-content and communication services are undermined by the actions of the agencies to harvest location information and conduct big data analytics. Similarly, so does the discretion granted to the telecommunications service provider to retain location information in respect of over the-top-content and communication services, provided by a third party content service provider and then be required to disclose it, without any additional safeguards. The actions of the agencies and the discretion granted to the telecommunications companies undermine privacy protections.
A review of New Zealand Telecommunications: Legislation, Regulations, and Recommendations
Authors: Gul Sonia , Sarkar Nurul I , Gutierrez Jairo
Published: April 2019

The telecommunications industry is growing and changing at a very high pace. To keep up with this high pace and fast changing technologies countries need strong legislation and an efficient regulatory system to promote fair competition in industry. In this paper a review of existing telecommunications’ legislation and regulations in New Zealand (NZ) is conducted. The paper highlights the existing legislation in the country and discusses the organizations responsible for regulating the underlying laws. Finally, recommendations for changes of the existing legislation and regulations in NZ are provided which are based on the current and on-going demand for telecommunication services.
The Telstra Research Laboratories
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: April 2019

Three historic papers detailing the breadth of research undertaken by the Research Laboratories of the Postmaster-Generals Department (now Telstra).
Market Evolution and Regulation in the Italian Telecommunications Industry
Authors: Cambini Carlo , Soroush Golnoush
Published: April 2019

In this paper we analyse the evolution of the Italian telecommunications market since the beginning of the liberalisation and privatisation process in Italy started in the mid-nineties.  The role of competition and regulatory authorities is also considered. We present a survey of the main regulatory interventions in the industry as well as the market structure and its dynamics in the period 2000-2015. We also provide some insights on the current state of the ultra-fast broadband access and the evolution of the so called “next generation networks”. In this regard, the recent Italian government’s plan regarding the deployment of the broadband services is also discussed. Our research can provide helpful information on telecommunications trends in Italy and would help to assess past as well as ongoing policies.
The Shape and Implications of Korea’s Telecommunication Industry: Crisis, Opportunity and Challenge
Authors: Kim Gwangjae
Published: April 2019

This article aims to provide readers with a better understanding of the telecommunication industry in Korea by reviewing its development and progress. Firstly, a brief history of Korean telecommunications is supplemented by an overview of the social and economic factors the Korea is experiencing. Secondly, this paper focuses on the government’s role as a key player within an industry and relevant policy is then analysed. Thirdly, an analysis of the market competition and regulation systems, as well as customer protections, is conducted. Finally, IoT and 5G as technologies are introduced as well as new services that Korea is currently focusing on, to enable it to continue leading the global market into the future. The 3 key themes that emerge through this paper are a crisis, opportunity, and challenge.
The Australian Telecommunications Regulatory Environment: An overview
Authors: Nicholls Rob
Published: April 2019

The Australian telecommunications regulatory environment has moved from the tentative deregulation of a managed fixed line duopoly to full deregulation and back to a state-owned enterprise being the monopoly wholesale provider of fixed broadband services. At the same time, the more lightly regulated mobile sector has continued to grow.This article provides an overview of the legal and regulatory regime for telecommunications and related services in Australia by charting the changes in regulation over this period and by indicating some of the changes that are evolving. The work is intended to provide a platform for comparison between regulatory regimes in different jurisdictions and as the basis for further analysis of the sector.
Net Neutrality: An Incyte Perspective responding to recent developments in the European Union
Authors: Rogerson David Alfred , Seixas Pedro , Holmes James Robert
Published: April 2019

The road to net neutrality within the European Union (EU) has been slow and winding.  However, a major milestone was reached in August 2016 through the publication of the BEREC Guidelines on the Implementation by National Regulators of European Net Neutrality Rules.  These Guidelines, which must be given the “utmost consideration” by national regulators, provide the EU’s first detailed and unambiguous regulatory commitment to net neutrality, and are carefully crafted to balance the needs of content providers and network operators.  This extended article explores the scope of the net neutrality principle as understood and applied in a number of jurisdictions. The approach in the EU is contrasted with the approaches of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) in the United States (US) and of a number of other countries.  Although there are some constants that recur for net neutrality in all of the countries examined, there remain a variety of specific local connotations.The article indicates that the question, “What is net neutrality?” will continue to be asked and continue to be very apposite for some time.  The EU approach, with the BEREC Guidelines, will likely be central to a more harmonised approach worldwide.It also argues that the new EU framework is likely to be even more influential than its highly publicized but politically fractious US equivalent.  The EU approach to net neutrality will find greater favour among developing countries, as it provides sufficient flexibility to offer network investment incentives whilst retaining appropriate competition and user safeguards. As with the earlier EU ex-ante regulatory frameworks for market analysis and cost-based interconnection, the BEREC paper paves the way for continued export of best practice regulation from the EU to the rest of the world.  However, there are issues that demand caution in how the BEREC approach might be implemented.The authors have extensive experience as consultants and commentators on telecommunications industry and regulatory issues in many countries.  David Rogerson and Jim Holmes are founding partners of Incyte Consulting, located in Falkirk (Scotland) and Melbourne, respectively.  Pedro Seixas is a Principal Associate of Incyte Consulting located in Frankfurt.
30 Years After Launch
Authors: Campbell Ian
Published: April 2019

This year is the 30th anniversary of Telecom Australia's  launch of  the cellular mobile service in Australia. There has been a huge evolution in mobile services since then.The Postmaster-General's Department (PMG) introduced a manually (operator) connected mobile service in Australia in 1950. As this service approached full capacity, Telecom launched a Public Automatic Mobile Telephone Service (PAMTS)  in 1981. The PAMTS service had no future technology evolution, a 12 year life, and reached a peak of 14,000 customers.By 1985 a small engineering team had developed a cellular mobile service concept based on the Analogue Mobile Phone Service (AMPS ) standard. Development was accelerated and refined and the service was launched in 1987, arguably two and perhaps three years late.This is the story of the development and launch of the service and the growth over the first four years to 1991.Noting the experience of cellular operators in the USA, Canada and the UK, Telecom's mobile service concept was a "gold standard" for cellular services around the world, and the service achieved one of the fastest growth rates in its early years.Within four years it was a cash flow powerhouse, and one of only three services within Telecom that were profitable; the others were the basic telephone service and directory publishing.When transferred to Telstra in 1992 it was a strategically strong, highly profitable business prepared to defend against competition being introduced into the Australian telecommunications market, and was a foundation of Telstra's financial strength for the next 30 years.
Interference to Telephone Lines
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: April 2019

A paper from 1936 exploring the effects of electrification of country Tasmania and the increasing interference to telecommunication circuits by high voltage power lines installed in close proximity.
Fact or Fraud?
Authors: Campbell Ian
Published: April 2019

Epidemic - a widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time - outbreak, scourge, plague.About 1976 concerns emerged in Australia about the potential for new technologies to seriously reduce employment. The debate reached a peak in 1978 when industrial action taken by the Australian Telecommunications Employees Association (ATEA) threatened to shut down the Australian telecommunications network.From 1975 growth in calls to the directory assistance service rocketed as did the related operating costs. To maintain the quality of customer service and contain operating costs, Telecom began to deploy a nation-wide computer- based directory assistance system (DAS/C) from 1982. In 1983 an unexpected medical syndrome arose in one of Telecom's directory assistance centres.Over the next three years, the syndrome rapidly spread through other directory assistance centres, other areas of Telecom and some areas of the public service. The media, academia, legal practitioners and others attracted to the "problem" generally accepted the union view that the DAS/C system was the cause and the syndrome was labelled Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI). Medical costs and compensation claims mounted reaching $130 million in 1989.While RSI has become a well-known syndrome over the last 40 years, no outbreaks of the extent and severity experienced in Telecom appear to have been recorded over that period anywhere in the world. There still appears to be little scientific evidence of the link between the injury of the reported scale and the workplace.This is the story of the rise of the RSI phenomena in Telecom over the period 1983-86.
U.S. Telco Industry History as a Prologue to its Future
Authors: McDonough Carol C
Published: April 2019

The United States telco industry has been shaped by the interplay of technological advance, free enterprise, politics, public pressure, and government regulation. The history of the industry reveals a continuing tension between the forces of competition and concentration. Having coursed through eras of monopoly, competition, and regulated monopoly, the telcos are now in a more competitive arena. There is regulatory uncertainty on the issue of net neutrality.
Making ICT Decommissioning Sexy! Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Hormann Peter
Published: April 2019

The author contends that the ICT industry has become good at accumulating large inventories of ICT systems without paying sufficient attention to the associated technical debt and cost.  He has experienced organisations that have repeatedly failed to retire old systems, are struggling to modernise, are burdened by complexity and can’t change at a pace demanded by their internal stakeholders and their customers. Why is this case and why isn’t the decision to switch off ageing, low business value, poor strategic fit and high-risk systems an easy and obvious business case? This paper explores the challenges of decommissioning decision making and uses a framework and case study analysis as a means to improve the timeliness and financial motivations. It should be of interest to ICT and business executives that struggle with balancing a tight budget around existing systems, with the need to invest in systems modernisation to maintain organisation competitiveness and productivity.
An Evaluation and Enhancement of a Novel IoT Joining Protocol
Authors: Steane Tyler Nicholas Edward , Radcliffe PJ
Published: April 2019

The ability to securely join IoT Devices to Wi-Fi networks is an on-going area of research. This paper describes how Nasrin & Radcliffe's theoretical “novel minimalist IoT network joining protocol” has been mapped to real world hardware and implemented using the Android operating system. For the first time the theory is proven to be practically viable but it is also shown that the user interface is not sufficiently simple for the everyday user. This paper proposes and implements a new user interface paradigm that dramatically simplifies the process and makes the joining process accessible to a much larger range of users.  For intensely cost sensitive applications an alternative process is proposed that has the possibility of even further simplifying the user experience. Finally the compatibility of the protocol with a  variety of operating systems is assessed.
Implementation of PCC-OFDM on a software-defined radio testbed
Authors: Kongara Gayathri , Armstrong Jean
Published: April 2019

A software-defined radio implementation of polynomial cancellation coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (PCC-OFDM) on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) based hardware platform is presented in this paper. Previous publications on PCC-OFDM have demonstrated that, in comparison to normal cyclic prefix based OFDM, it is robust in the presence of many impairments including carrier frequency offset, multipath distortion and phase noise. The error performance of the two multicarrier techniques is compared on a practical wireless channel under common channel impairments such as carrier frequency offset, multipath and noise. Based on the comparative results obtained on the hardware platform, the properties of PCC-OFDM make it a suitable candidate for consideration in future G applications requiring robust performance in asynchronous environments with minimal out of band spectral emissions.
Household bandwidth and the ‘need for speed’: Evaluating the impact of active queue management for home internet traffic
Authors: Kennedy Jenny , Armitage Grenville , Thomas Julian
Published: April 2019

In this paper, we aim to contribute to the policy debate on bandwidth needs by considering more closely what happens in household networks. We draw upon both social and technical studies modelling household applications and their uses to show how queue management protocols impact bandwidth needs. We stress the impact of internet traffic streams interfering with each other, and describe three different categories of internet traffic. We demonstrate how the use of active queue management can reduce bandwidth demands. In doing so we consider how, and to what degree, household internet connections are a constraint on internet use. We show that speed demand predictions are skewed by a perceived need to protect the Quality of Service experienced by latency-sensitive services when using current gateway technologies.
Implications of Open Source Blockchain for increasing efficiency and transparency of the Digital Content Supply Chain in the Australian Telecommunications and Media Industry
Authors: Plant Laurence
Published: April 2019

While digital content is key to the Australian Telecommunications and Media industry, there is little industry cooperation to improve the content lifecycle across industry segments including production, distribution and advertising.  With the emergence of hyperledger, an open source blockchain technology for shared ledger, there is opportunity for the industry to collaborate to improve content lifecycle transparency, trust and efficiency while protecting consumer privacy.  Individual business networks and supply chains within the industry can tactically deploy hyperledger as a shadow ledger as a starting point, and widespread, consistent industry adoption is more readily achieved through government regulatory guidelines and a wholesale digital content infrastructure provider taking a leading role.
Information and Communication Technology Service Industry Development in Indonesia
Authors: Kautsarina Kautsarina , Rafizan Onny , Setiawan Ahmad Budi , Sastrosubroto Ashwin Sasongko
Published: April 2019

With the Indonesian Commitment to fulfill the Millennium Development goals which are mainly aimed to improve quality of life, followed by similar commitments to empower Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to achieve those goals, ICT developments in Indonesia has been growing very fast.Basically, the developments of ICT Infrastructure are based on several basic methods. Firstly, the ICT backbones were developed with the support of the Government, then liberalization of the ICT Service Industries was caried out so that private companies are encouraged to develop ICT business, followed by subsidized ICT services for selected areas where ICT services cannot be carried out feasibly. In addition, with the growing democracy in Indonesia, application and content are also liberalized, resulting fast growth of application and content provider, and this has pushed also the development of ICT Infrastructures by private companies.This paper will review the development of ICT service Industries in Indonesia, the history of how the industries was developed, both the policy as well as the development itself. This is followed by the description of the current situation. The future plan of ICT development will be also included. A more in depth explanation is given for the Telecommunication sector.
Historical paper: The 2004 Proposal for the Structural Separation of Telstra
Authors: Gerrand Peter
Published: April 2019

A comment by Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull on 23 October 2017 has re-awakened interest in the possibility that lay open in 2004 for the then Coalition government, of which Mr Turnbull was a member, to have preceded New Zealand in reaping the benefits of structural separation of the incumbent carrier.  The paper “Revisiting the Stuctural Separation of Telstra”, published in the Spring 2004 issue of the Telecommunications Journal of Australia and republished below, provided not just the policy rationale for structural separation, but also detailed how it could have been achieved.
The National Broadband Network
Authors: Campbell Leith H , Suessspeck Sascha , Hinton Kerry
Published: April 2019

We provide a bottom-up analysis of broadband availability in Australia without the NBN and with the NBN. For Australia without the NBN, we have assumed that broadband availability, in terms of access speed, would have continued to evolve; in particular, we have assumed that all DSL access would have been enhanced to ADSL2+. For Australia with the NBN, we concentrate on the Multi-Technology Mix version now being deployed in the fixed-line footprint. The NBN can make a difference both in terms of the geographical availability of broadband access and in the maximum access speeds provided. We consider both these aspects for the period after the current NBN has been fully deployed. Our analysis is based solely on publicly available information and census data from 2011. We find that the NBN will extend fixed-line broadband availability only marginally. In terms of access speed, we find that a further 17% of the population will have access to 10 Mb/s downstream and a further 65% of the population will have access to 25 Mb/s. Only a further 11% of the population will have access to 10 Mb/s and above upstream. The improvement in availability is particularly marked in outer suburban areas of the major cities and in regional centres.
The Weatherman from Greenwich
Authors: Campbell Leith H
Published: April 2019

A new book, The Weatherman from Greenwich: Charles Todd – 1826 to 1910, promises to be a biography of Charles Todd, telecommunications pioneer in Australia. The title is, however, misleading. Most of the book is devoted to social influences in England and South Australia that may have shaped Todd’s early life. Todd’s early technical experience in England and his first activities in Australia are briefly sketched. Readers seeking a fuller account of Todd’s life and achievements should look elsewhere.
An Energy Efficient Receiver-based Flooding Scheme Using 1-Hop Neighbours Geographical Information for MANETs
Authors: Pham Duy Ngoc , Mi Nguyen Dac Quynh , Choo Hyunseung
Published: April 2019

Flooding is a fundamental, critical, and indispensable operation to support various applications and protocols in wireless ad hoc networks. The traditional flooding scheme generates excessive redundant packet retransmissions, causing contention and packet collisions, and ultimately wasting limited bandwidth and energy. Some recent flooding schemes that avoid those problems have been studied. They can achieve local optimality and have lower computational complexity. However, drawbacks limit the efficiency of these schemes. In this paper, we propose an efficient flooding protocol that minimizes flooding traffic, leveraging location information of 1-hop neighbor nodes. Our scheme is receiver-based; it does not piggyback any neighbor information. We prove theoretically that the proposed scheme achieves 100 percent deliverability. Simulation shows our scheme to be highly efficient. It consumes less energy, reduces the number of forwarding nodes almost to that of the benchmark, but maintains a high delivery ratio.
Black Mountain Tower Canberra
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: April 2019

Two historic papers from a special issue of the Journal in 1981 featuring the new Black Mountain telecommunications tower in Canberra.
Communications for the America’s Cup Challenge
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: April 2019

Two historic papers from a special issue of the Journal in 1986 featuring the communication requirements for the America’s Cup 1986/87 challenge in Fremantle.
What Now for Australia's NBN?
Authors: McLaren Gary
Published: April 2019

Australia, like other countries, embarked on deregulation and privatisation of its telecommunications market in the late 1980s. The success of infrastructure competition in the mobile communications sector in pushing Australia to being a world leader in that sector contrasts with the failure to achieve the same in fixed telecommunications. Australia’s politics, insular policies and categorisation of fixed telecommunications as a natural monopoly have made Australia a global laggard in the provision of broadband services. The return of government ownership of telecoms infrastructure in the form of the National Broadband Network and the continuing lack of investment in fibre infrastructure highlight the political and policy failures that have accumulated. A disaggregation of NBN Co into competing technology-based entities, along with the establishment of a regional telecommunications fund financed by a broad-based telecommunications levy, is recommended as the answer to fix these long-term problems.
Impressions of an Overseas Visit by a Lines Engineer
Authors: Moorhead Simon
Published: April 2019

A fascinating paper from 1961 contrasting the technical and general differences in providing telecommunications services in Europe, North America and Australia.
Effect of Particle Immersing in Various Concentrations of Acetic Acid to Enhance the Sandwich Particleboard (SPb)
Authors: Iswanto Apri Heri , Togatorop Rehulina Mustika Melysa
Published: April 2019

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Optimizing Genomic DNA Isolation and PCR Amplification For Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifolia)
Authors: Susilowati Arida , Rachmat Henti Hendalastuti , Rangkuti Ahmad Baiquni , Elfiati Deni , Ambarwati Ami
Published: April 2019

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Variational Approximations for Intersite Soliton in a Ablowitz-Ladik-Cubic Discrete Nonlinear Schrödinger Equation
Authors: Azadi Azzahro Fitri , Syafwan Mahdhivan , Nazra Admi , Azfa Riza , Netrisa Zita Putri
Published: April 2019

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Study of Carbon Stock Potential and Carbon Absorption on Pamonean Land of Mentawai Community at Siberut Island
Authors: . Chairul , Indra Gusmardi , Muchtar Erizal , . Nurainas , . Mansyurdin
Published: April 2019

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Photocatalytic degradation of Direct Yellow-27 by photolysis with UV-light and solar irradiation Using N-doped TiO2
Authors: . Deliza , . Safni , Wellia Diana Vanda , Takeuchi Toyohide
Published: April 2019

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High Performance of Photocatalytic Activity of Cerium Doped Silika Mesoporous Operating under Visible light Irradiation
Authors: Putri Gusliani Eka , Arief Syukri , Jamarun Novesar , Gusti Feni Rahayu , Fisli Adel
Published: April 2019

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Vertical Distribution of Radar Reflectivity Factor in Intense Convective Clouds over Indonesia
Authors: Yusnaini Helmi , . Marzuki
Published: April 2019

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Optimization of Bending Angle of Fiber Optic Sensor for Non-Invasive Blood Glucose Measurement
Authors: . Ikhsan , . Muldarisnur
Published: April 2019

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Photoreactor Design by Clay Pottery Modification with TiO2 Coating in Peat Water Purification
Authors: Ediputra Kasman , Aziz Hermansyah , . Emriadi , . Syukri
Published: April 2019

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Bayesian Estimation of Spatial Regression Models with Skew-normally Covariates Measured with Errors: Evidence from Monte Carlo Simulations
Authors: Masjkur Mohammad , Folmer Henk
Published: April 2019

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Some Properties of Representation of Quaternion Group
Authors: Rahayu Sri , Soviana Maria , . Yanita , Nazra Admi
Published: April 2019

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Evaluation of Serum IgA Antibodies to Epstein-Barr Virus Early and Viral Capsid Antigens in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Rahman Sukri , Kurniawan Heru , Budiman Bestari J , Yerizel Eti , Bachtiar Hafni
Published: April 2019

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Growth of Andalas (Morus macroura Miq.) seedlings from shoot cutting inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhiza Fungi
Authors: . Suwirmen , Noli Zozy Aneloi , . Chairul , . Reini
Published: April 2019

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Effect of Andrographolide on Foam Cell Formation at the Initiation Stage of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Hamidy Muhammad Yulis , Oenzil Fadil , . Yanwirasti , Aldi Yufri
Published: April 2019

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Formation of the Management System of the Mechanism for Implementing Energy Service Contracts in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia)
Authors: Kladkina S N , Nogovitsyn R R
Published: April 2019

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Influence of Bilingualism on Russian Peoples’ National Self-Identity
Authors: Loginova E , Gvozdeva E
Published: April 2019

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Environmental Education in the Teaching and Learning Process in the Context of Enhancing the Educative Learning Function
Authors: Meretukova Z K , Chinazirova A R , Blyagoz N S , Kuprina N K , Dzhabatyrova B K
Published: April 2019

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Socio-cultural Transformations in Traditional Societies in the Context of Globalization
Authors: Abdulaeva E S , Yarychev N U , Abdulvahabova B B , Eskerkhanova L T , Vakhabova S A
Published: April 2019

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Strength, shrinkage and creep of concrete including CO2 treated recycled coarse aggregate
Authors: CHINZORIGT Gombosuren , CHOI Donguk , ENKHBOLD Odontuya , BAASANKHUU Batzaya , LIM Myung Kwan , LIM Hee Seob
Published: April 2019

Strength development and long-term behaviour of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) were investigated. Recycled coarse aggregate (RA) replaced natural coarse aggregate (NA) by 30%, 50%, and 100% by vol. in this study while natural fine aggregate was always used. For the investigation of strength development, 3, 7, 28, 56, 90, and 180 day compressive strengths and 28 day split tensile strength and flexural strength havebeen determined. Shrinkage and creep behaviours of RAC with 0%, 50%, and 100% RA replacing NA havebeen studied up to 6 months. The compressive strength of RAC was not affected by 30% replacement, but it was reduced by 50% and 100% replacement. Split tensile strength was not affected significantly while flexural strength was reduced with increasing amount of replacement. Shrinkage strain of RAC with 50% RA was similar to that of natural aggregate concrete, but shrinkage increased with 100% replacement. Specific creep of RAC with 100% RA increased by 38% over that of natural aggregate concrete. The strength of concrete with CO2 treated RA was lower than that of concrete with RA without CO2 treatment. Shrinkage of RAC with and without CO2 treatment was similar, while the creep of RAC with CO2 treated RA was smaller than that of RAC including RA without CO2 treatment.
„Jest czas wojny i czas pokoju…” W jakich porach roku prowadzono najczęściej działania wojenne w Polsce średniowiecznej?
Authors: Ptak Jan
Published: April 2019

Działania wojenne w średniowieczu trwały zazwyczaj krótko, w ich trakcie podejmowano zbrojne wyprawy na teren przeciwnika, dążąc do pokonania jego wojsk w bitwach lub zdobycia posiadanych przez niego twierdz, najczęściej ograbiano i dewastowano jego posiadłości. Do realizacji tych celów wybierano najdogodniejsze pory roku, uwzględniając panujące wówczas warunki naturalne i wynikające z nich możliwości militarnego funkcjonowania. Dla Polaków i niektórych ich przeciwników najlepszym czasem na prowadzenie wojen było późne lato i wczesna jesień. Wówczas też toczono najwięcej walk, korzystając ze sprzyjających warunków pogodowych i z większych niż w innych okresach możliwości zaspokojenia potrzeb aprowizacyjnych. Brały w nich udział duże armie, często pod dowództwem monarchów, prowadząc działania przez wiele tygodni. Ich długotrwałość była jednak ograniczona pogarszaniem się pogody w miesiącach jesiennych i wyczerpywaniem się sił uczestników. Innym okresem roku, także wykorzystywanym do prowadzenia akcji militarnych, była zima. Surowość warunków pogodowych była wówczas rekompensowana ułatwieniami w poruszaniu się w terenie trudno dostępnym w innych porach roku. Ułatwienia wynikały z zamarznięcia zbiorników wodnych, w tym także dużych rzek. Działania zbrojne w czasie zimowym miały inny charakter niż w okresie lata i jesieni, były zazwyczaj krótkotrwałe i uczestniczyły w nich mniejsze armie. W pozostałych porach roku walki orężne z udziałem Polaków również miały miejsce, zdarzały się jednak rzadziej i bywały uwarunkowane wyjątkowymi okolicznościami.
Przestrzeń turystyczna Barlinka w kontekście układów modelowych
Authors: Łuć Bartłomiej
Published: April 2019

Artykuł charakteryzuje przestrzeń turystyczną Barlinka w kontekście układów modelowych. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań terenowych i licznych analiz atrakcji turystycznych oraz poszczególnych elementów zagospodarowania turystycznego autor dokonał porównania i dopasowania wspomnianej przestrzeni do układów modelowych, opracowanych przez S. LISZEWSKIEGO (1995) oraz B. WŁODARCZYKA (2011). Ponadto przedstawił poszerzoną analizę SWOT wspomnianej przestrzeni turystycznej Barlinka.
Potencjał transferu wiedzy z uczelni wyższych do gospodarki turystycznej w Polsce – ocena na podstawie projektów badawczych finansowanych przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki
Authors: Olszewski Marcin
Published: April 2019

Transfer wiedzy z uczelni do podmiotów otoczenia społeczno-gospodarczego staje się obecnie coraz istotniejszym zadaniem w ramach misji uczelni. Wyzwanie to dotyczy także jednostek naukowych i naukowców prowadzących badania nad turystyką. W artykule przeprowadzono ocenę potencjału tego transferu, który można rozumieć jako zdolność do zaangażowania się we współpracę z podmiotami otoczenia. Wykorzystano w tym celu jedną z miar, tj. siłę naukową, mierzoną liczbą i tematyką projektów badawczych finansowanych przez Narodowe Centrum Nauki. Wyniki badania wskazują na relatywnie niską zdolność badaczy zajmujących się turystyką do pozyskiwania grantów badawczych. Jednak tematyka grantów i jej zróżnicowanie stanowią o istotnym potencjale transferu wiedzy.
Rozmieszczenie walorów turystycznych a lokalizacja noclegowej bazy turystycznej w województwie łódzkim
Authors: Żakowska Sylwia , Podhorodecka Katarzyna
Published: April 2019

W artykule przedstawiono zależność pomiędzy walorami przyrodniczymi i pozaprzyrodniczymi a rozmieszczeniem turystycznej bazy noclegowej w 24 powiatach województwa łódzkiego. Ukazano podział na walory przyrodnicze i pozaprzyrodnicze oraz omówiono ich występowanie w poszczególnych powiatach. Następnie scharakteryzowano turystyczną bazę noclegową województwa łódzkiego. Przedstawiono również dane statystyczne dotyczące tworzących ją obiektów. Istotnym elementem opracowania było zaprezentowanie wyników badania, przeprowadzonego z wykorzystaniem metody bonitacji punktowej. Na etapie końcowym obliczono wskaźnik korelacji rang Spearmana, dzięki czemu ukazano stopień zależności pomiędzy wybranymi walorami turystycznymi a rozmieszczeniem turystycznej bazy noclegowej.