bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
One-loop partition functions in $$T\overline{T }$$-deformed AdS3
Authors: He Miao
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We study the geometry of $$T\overline{T }$$-deformed BTZ black hole and find it can be regarded as a quotient of hyperbolic space. We then consider the massive scalar field propagating in the $$T\overline{T }$$-deformed BTZ black hole background. The one-loop partition function of scalar field is calculated using the heat kernel method and the Wilson spool proposal. These two methods give consistent result which implies the Wilson spool proposal still holds under $$T\overline{T }$$ deformation. Moreover, we also calculate the one-loop partition function of graviton in $$T\overline{T }$$-deformed BTZ black hole. We find the deformed one-loop partition functions are modified in a simple way, which corresponds to a replacement of the modular parameter. The result precisely matches the large c expansion of $$T\overline{T }$$-deformed CFT partition function. These results provide a further check about the correspondence between $$T\overline{T }$$-deformed CFT2 and AdS3 with mixed boundary condition.
CMB spectral distortions from an axion-dark photon-photon interaction
Authors: Hook Anson , Marques-Tavares Gustavo , Ristow Clayton
Published: May 2024

Abstract

The presence of a plethora of light spin 0 and spin 1 fields is motivated in a number of BSM scenarios, such as the axiverse. The study of the interactions of such light bosonic fields with the Standard Model has focused mostly on interactions involving only one such field, such as the axion (ϕ) coupling to photons, $$\phi F\widetilde{F}$$, or the kinetic mixing between photon and the dark photon, FFD. In this work, we continue the exploration of interactions involving two light BSM fields and the standard model, focusing on the mixed axion-photon-dark-photon interaction $$\phi F{\widetilde{F}}_{D}$$. If either the axion or dark photon are dark matter, we show that this interaction leads to conversion of the CMB photons into a dark sector particle, leading to a distortion in the CMB spectrum. We present the details of these unique distortion signatures and the resulting constraints on the $$\phi F{\widetilde{F}}_{D}$$ coupling. In particular, we find that for a wide range of masses, the constraints from these effect are stronger than on the more widely studied axion-photon coupling.
Modeling and FE simulation of coupled water diffusion and viscoelasticity in relaxation tests of polyamide 6
Authors: Dyck Alexander , Groß Leonhard , Keursten Johannes , Kehrer Loredana , Böhlke Thomas
Published: May 2024

Polyamides can absorb or desorb water from or to their surrounding environment. The impact of this process is significant as water molecules lead locally to a swelling and a coupling of diffusion and deformation behavior. To model these phenomena, a strongly coupled chemo-mechanical (or diffuso-mechanical) model is required, considering both local water concentration and the viscoelastic material behavior of polyamide. In the present work, we derive and apply such a model to polyamide 6. A diffusion equation describing changes in water concentration is coupled to the balance of linear momentum in polyamide 6. The interaction between deformation and concentration is derived from thermodynamic considerations by introducing a free energy consisting of a mechanical and a chemical part. The mechanical part describes a linear viscoelastic model and includes chemical strains due to the presence of water molecules. The chemical part builds upon the theory of Flory and Huggins, that takes into account changes in enthalpy and entropy of mixing due to the interaction of polymer and water molecules. The coupling of deformation to water concentration arises due to a dependency of the water flux on the hydrostatic stress inside the polyamide. We successfully apply the derived model in Finite-Element simulations to predict the drying of polyamide 6 specimens without any coupling to mechanical loads. In addition, we reproduce experimentally obtained data from relaxation measurements, where the drying of polyamide specimens leads to an increase in relaxation modulus.
Magnetic resonance imaging of intracranial anomalies in pregnancies complicated by twin anemia-polycythemia sequence
Authors: Tricca Stefano , Parazzini Cecilia , Doneda Chiara , Arrigoni Filippo , Tortora Mario , Lanna Mariano , Casati Daniela , Faiola Stefano , Righini Andrea , Izzo Giana
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To describe fetal brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings in a large series of monochorionic (MC) pregnancies complicated by Twin Anemia-Polycythemia Sequence (TAPS) prenatally diagnosed, so to characterize the potential intracranial complications associated with this condition, their frequency and potential treatment options.

Methods

This is a retrospective study of MC twin pregnancies complicated by TAPS and undergone fetal MRI in a single institution from 2006 to 2023.

MRI control was performed and post-natal ultrasound (US) or MRI were available.

Results

1250 MC pregnancies were evaluated in our institution. 50 pregnancies (4%) were diagnosed with TAPS, 29 underwent a fetal brain MRI.

13/29 pregnancies (44.8%) demonstrated brain findings at MRI in at least a twin. Neuroradiological findings were detected in 14/57 twins (24.6%).

We detected four main categories of findings: hemorrhagic lesions, T2-weighted white-matter hyperintensities (WMH), brain edema-swelling and venous congestion. Nineteen findings were present in the anemic and three in the polycythemic twins, with a statistically significant ratio between the two groups (p-value = 0.01).

Intrauterine MRI follow-up demonstrated the sequalae of hemorrhagic lesions. A complete regression of brain swelling, veins prominence and T2-WMHs was demonstrated after treatment. Postnatal imaging confirmed prenatal features.

Conclusions

Our work demonstrates that TAPS-related MRI anomalies consisted in edematous/hemorrhagic lesions that occur mostly in anemic rather than in polycythemic twins. Fetoscopic laser surgery could have a potential decongestant role.

Therefore, prenatal MRI may help in counselling and management in TAPS pregnancies, especially for the planning of therapy and the monitoring of its efficacy.
Efficiency of succinylated gelatin and amino acid infusions for kidney uptake reduction of radiolabeled αvβ6-integrin targeting peptides: considerations on clinical safety profiles
Authors: Stangl Stefan , Nguyen Nghia Trong , Brosch-Lenz Julia , Šimeček Jakub , Weber Wolfgang A. , Kossatz Susanne , Notni Johannes
Published: May 2024

Purpose

68Ga-Trivehexin is an investigational PET radiopharmaceutical (NCT05799274) targeting αvβ6-integrin for PET imaging of carcinomas. 177Lu-D0301 is a structurally related therapeutic peptide tetramer. However, it showed considerable kidney uptake in rodents, impeding clinical applicability. We therefore evaluated the impact of different kidney protection strategies on the biodistribution of both agents in normal and tumor-bearing mice.

Methods

Ex-vivo biodistribution of 68Ga-Trivehexin (90 min p.i.) and 177Lu-D0301 (90 min and 24 h p.i.) was determined in healthy C57BL/6N and H2009 (human lung adenocarcinoma) xenografted CB17-SCID mice without and with co-infusion of 100 µL of solutions containing 2.5% arginine + 2.5% lysine (Arg/Lys), 4% succinylated gelatin (gelofusine, gelo), or combinations thereof. Arg/Lys was injected either i.p. 30 min before and after the radiopharmaceutical, or i.v. 2 min before the radiopharmaceutical. Gelo was administered either i.v. 2 min prior activity, or pre-mixed and injected together with the radiopharmaceutical (n = 5 per group). C57BL/6N mice were furthermore imaged by PET (90 min p.i.) and SPECT (24 h p.i.).

Results

Kidney uptake of 68Ga-Trivehexin in C57BL/6N mice was reduced by 15% (Arg/Lys i.p.), 25% (Arg/Lys i.v.), and 70% (gelo i.v.), 90 min p.i., relative to control. 177Lu-D0301 kidney uptake was reduced by 2% (Arg/Lys i.p.), 41% (Arg/Lys i.v.), 61% (gelo i.v.) and 66% (gelo + Arg/Lys i.v.) 24 h p.i., compared to control. Combination of Arg/Lys and gelo provided no substantial benefit. Gelo furthermore reduced kidney uptake of 177Lu-D0301 by 76% (90 min p.i.) and 85% (24 h p.i.) in H2009 bearing SCID mice. Since tumor uptake was not (90 min p.i.) or only slightly reduced (15%, 24 h p.i.), the tumor/kidney ratio was improved by factors of 3.3 (90 min p.i.) and 2.6 (24 h p.i.). Reduction of kidney uptake was demonstrated by SPECT, which also showed that the remaining activity was located in the cortex.

Conclusions

The kidney uptake of both investigated radiopharmaceuticals was more efficiently reduced by gelofusine (61–85%) than Arg/Lys (25–41%). Gelofusine appears particularly suitable for reducing renal uptake of αvβ6-integrin targeted 177Lu-labeled peptide multimers because its application led to approximately three times higher tumor-to-kidney ratios. Since the incidence of severe adverse events (anaphylaxis) with succinylated gelatin products (reportedly 0.0062–0.038%) is comparable to that of gadolinium-based MRI or iodinated CT contrast agents (0.008% and 0.04%, respectively), clinical use of gelofusine during radioligand therapy appears feasible if similar risk management strategies as for contrast agents are applied.
Prepectoral Prosthetic Breast Reconstruction Without ADM Using a Subfascial Approach
Authors: Hudson Donald A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Immediate prosthetic reconstruction has evolved to a prepectoral position. A technique is described where the pectoral and serratus fascia is raised from superiorly. Initially, Vicryl mesh was used to close the superior fascial defect, but later abandoned by using primary closure for tissue expanders, or creating a pocket in the infraclavicular pectoralis muscle after prosthesis (DTI) insertion. The inframammary fold is also reinforced. Patients with a BMI > 30 have axillary liposuction.

Method

Retrospective analysis over a 4-year period. Data included age, number of breasts having expanders or DTI. Prosthetic extrusion and follow-up were recorded. The percentage coverage by fascia was calculated.

Results

Forty-seven patients (80 breasts) had mean age of 42 years (range 32–62), twelve patients (19 breasts) had Vicryl mesh inserted, while 35 patients (61 breasts) had closure as noted above. Tissue expanders were inserted in 39 breasts (10 mesh, 29 without). DTI (direct to implant) performed in 41 breasts (32 no mesh, 9 with mesh). Three patients with mesh developed recalcitrant seromas. The mean size of prosthesis used was 353ml (range 200–500 ml). Extrusion occurred in eight breasts (two with mesh, six without). Mean coverage of the prosthesis by fascia was 74% (range 50–100%), and nine patients also had bilateral axillary liposuction of the axillary roll. Mean follow-up was 13 months.

Conclusion

Another technique for immediate prosthetic reconstruction providing an additional layer of prosthetic cover in prepectoral plane, without mesh. Applicable for all grades of ptosis. Extrusion rate is low.

Level of Evidence IV

This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
Evaluating postoperative hernia incidence and risk factors following pelvic exenteration
Authors: Milanko Nicole Anais , Kelly Michael Eamon , Turner Greg , Kong Joeseph , Behrenbruch Cori , Mohan Helen , Guerra Glen , Warrier Satish , McCormick Jacob , Heriot Alexander
Published: May 2024

Pelvic exenteration (PE) is a technically challenging surgical procedure. More recently, quality of life and survivorship following PEs are being increasingly acknowledged as important patient outcomes. This includes evaluating major long-term complications such as hernias, defined as the protrusion of internal organs through a facial defect (The PelvEx Collaborative in Br J Surg 109:1251–1263, 2022), for which there is currently limited literature. The aim of this paper is to ascertain the incidence and risk factors for postoperative hernia formation among our PE cohort managed at a quaternary centre.

Method

A retrospective cohort study examining hernia formation following PE for locally advanced rectal carcinoma and locally recurrent rectal carcinoma between June 2010 and August 2022 at a quaternary cancer centre was performed. Baseline data evaluating patient characteristics, surgical techniques and outcomes was collated among a PE cohort of 243 patients. Postoperative hernia incidence was evaluated via independent radiological screening and clinical examination.

Results

A total of 79 patients (32.5%) were identified as having developed a hernia. Expectantly, those undergoing flap reconstruction had a lower incidence of postoperative hernias. Of the 79 patients who developed postoperative hernias, 16.5% reported symptoms with the most common symptom reported being pain. Reintervention was required in 18 patients (23%), all of which were operative.

Conclusion

This study found over one-third of PE patients developed a hernia postoperatively. This paper highlights the importance of careful perioperative planning and optimization of patients to minimize morbidity.
Übersetzung und sprachliche Validierung des modifizierten-Short QUestionnaire to Assess Health-enhancing physical activity (mSQUASH) ins Deutsche für Patienten mit axialer Spondyloarthritis (axSpA)
Authors: Kiefer David , Vaupel Kristina , Kiltz Uta , Hammel Ludwig , van der Kraan Yvonne M. , Arends Suzanne , Baraliakos Xenofon
Published: May 2024

Hintergrund

Patienten mit axialer Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) leiden oft unter chronischen Schmerzen und entzündlichen Veränderungen, die zu Einschränkungen der körperlichen Funktionsfähigkeit, eingeschränkter Beweglichkeit und verminderter körperlicher Aktivität führen können. Der „Modified-Short QUestionnaire to Assess Health-enhancing physical activity (mSQUASH)“, ein Fragebogen zur Erfassung gesundheitsfördernder körperlicher Aktivität, wurde entwickelt, um die tägliche körperliche Aktivität bei Patienten mit axSpA zu messen.

Ziel

Es erfolgten eine Übersetzung, interkulturelle Anpassung und linguistische Validierung des originalen mSQUASH ins Deutsche für Patienten mit axSpA.

Methoden

Der ursprüngliche mSQUASH-Fragebogen wurde in einem mehrstufigen Prozess (Beaton-Methode) der interkulturellen Anpassung mit Vorwärts-Rückwärts-Übersetzungen vom Niederländischen ins Deutsche durch zweisprachige niederländisch-deutsche Laien und Experten übersetzt. Verbleibende Abweichungen wurden in einer Expertengruppe besprochen, was zu einer vorläufigen deutschen Version führte. Kognitive Befragungen von Patienten mit axSpA mit unterschiedlichen soziodemografischen Hintergründen führten dann zur finalen deutschen Version.

Ergebnisse

Während der Übersetzungen wurden geringfügige Abweichungen hauptsächlich in Bezug auf Formalitäten, semantische Fehler und Syntax festgestellt. Diese wurden angepasst, was zu geringfügigen Änderungen in der Formulierung führte. Die vorläufige deutsche Version wurde durch kognitive Befragungen mit 10 Patienten mit axSpA validiert, wodurch ihre linguistische Validität und Äquivalenz zur niederländischen Version bestätigt wurde.

Diskussion

Insgesamt bestätigte die Untersuchung, dass der finale deutsche mSQUASH ein geeignetes Instrument zur Erfassung der täglichen körperlichen Aktivität ist. Daher kann der vorliegende Fragebogen als Messinstrument in klinischen Studien und in der klinischen Praxis bei deutschsprachigen Patienten mit axSpA eingesetzt werden. Dies kann länderübergreifende Vergleiche ermöglichen und erweitert den Nutzen des Fragebogens über Sprachbarrieren hinweg.
Early-stage hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma treated with radical radiotherapy at a uniform dose of 70 Gy in 35 fractions: a single-center study
Authors: Katano Atsuto , Yamashita Hideomi
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HSCC) is often undetected until advanced stages, which contributes to poor survival rates. Recent advances in diagnostic techniques have enhanced the feasibility of early detection, and this study evaluated the efficacy and safety of radical radiotherapy that specifically targets early stage HSCC.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study consecutively analyzed patients with clinical stage I or II HSCC between December 2008 and February 2023. These patients underwent radical radiotherapy with a uniform dose of 70 Gy delivered in 35 fractions to the primary site, followed by elective nodal irradiation. We assessed clinical outcomes, including overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and 5-year locoregional control (LRC). Multivariate analyses were performed to identify the independent prognostic factors for OS.

Results

The 5-year OS rate of the entire cohort was 80.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 66.5–89.4%), with no significant difference between patients with clinical stage I and II HSCC. Stratified by subsite, the 5-year OS for pyriform sinus, posterior pharyngeal wall, and postcricoid region were 81.6, 68.2, and 100%, respectively. The ECOG-Performance status (PS) was identified as an independent risk factor for OS (hazard ratio [HR] = 8.457; 95% CI 1.325–53.970; p = 0.024). DFS at 5 years was 66.4%, with local recurrence being the most frequent, and LRC rate at 5 years was 79.3%. Acute and late-phase toxicities were predominantly mild to moderate, with no grade 3 or higher toxicities reported.

Conclusion

This study supports radical radiotherapy as an effective approach for optimal tumor control in patients with early stage HSCC. Despite the limitations of this study, including its retrospective design and single-center confinement, our results revealed the effectiveness and feasibility of radical radiotherapy in the management of early stage HSCC.
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and metamemory across the life span: psychometric properties of the German Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ)
Authors: Rekers Sophia , Heine Josephine , Thöne-Otto Angelika I. T. , Finke Carsten
Published: May 2024

Objective

We assessed the psychometric properties, established normative data for the German Multifactorial Memory Questionnaire (MMQ), and analyzed its association with neuropsychiatric factors across the life span to provide a validated metamemory assessment for a German-speaking population.

Methods

The three MMQ scales (memory satisfaction, self-rated ability, and strategy application) were translated into German, considering cultural, linguistic, and conceptual aspects. To validate the MMQ and assess associations with neuropsychiatric factors, the Complainer Profile Identification, Geriatric Depression Scale, Beck Anxiety Inventory, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, and Short-Form-Health Survey were applied in an online study in 336 healthy participants with follow-up after 8 months.

Results

Psychometric evaluation of the German MMQ showed normal distribution of all scales and good to excellent validity, internal consistency, and retest reliability. We provide percentiles and normative data for z-score conversion. Importantly, even subclinically elevated scores in depressiveness and anxiety were associated with decreased memory satisfaction and self-rated ability. Furthermore, although the influence of age on the German MMQ scales was minimal, effects of neuropsychiatric factors such as sleep quality, anxiety, and depressiveness on MMQ Satisfaction and Ability varied across the life span.

Conclusions

Our study provides a validated German translation of the MMQ with normative data and reliability measures, including reliable change scores. We show the impact of neuropsychiatric factors on the MMQ scales across the life span and emphasize the relevance of a multifactorial approach to metamemory as a measure of individualized everyday functionality and the importance of including neuropsychiatric factors into both research and clinical assessments of metamemory.
Cardiac output calculation using the Liljestrand and Zander formula: is this method applicable during immediate transition after birth? — A post hoc analysis
Authors: Pfurtscheller Daniel , Schwaberger Bernhard , Höller Nina , Baik-Schneditz Nariae , Schober Lukas , Bruckner Marlies , Schlatzer Christoph , Urlesberger Berndt , Pichler Gerhard
Published: May 2024

The transition from intrauterine to extrauterine life is a critical period for neonates. Assessing the cardiovascular transition during this period immediately after birth is crucial but challenging. The present study compares adjusted estimated cardiac output values calculated by the Liljestrand and Zander formula (COest/adj LaZ) with non-invasively measured cardiac output values (CO-bioimpedance) during immediate transition after birth. We performed a secondary outcome analysis of a prospective observational study in preterm and term neonates. Ten and 15 min after birth, arterial blood pressure and heart rate were assessed, and CO-bioimpedance was measured using electrical bioimpedance method (Aesculon monitor, Osypka, Germany). We calculated COest/adj LaZ and compared it to CO-bioimpedance. Further, we performed a correlation analysis. Thirty-two neonates with a median (IQR) gestational age of 37.0 (32.0–39.4) weeks were included. Mean ± SD CO-bioimpedance was 0.62 ± 0.15 l/min, and COest/adj LaZ was calculated to be 0.64 ± 0.10 l/min, whereby both correlated significantly (p = 0.025, r = 0.359) with each other.

  Conclusion: The present study demonstrates high comparability of COest/adj LaZ and CO-bioimpedance in neonates during immediate transition after birth, suggesting that cardiac output can be derived in a cost-effective and feasible manner if other methods are not available.

What is Known:• Echocardiography is considered the gold standard for non-invasive CO evaluation, but its feasibility during the immediate transition period is limited.

What is New:• Non-invasive methods such as CO-bioimpedance for cardiac output (CO) measurement and the Liljestrand and Zander (LaZ) formula for estimating CO offer promising alternatives during the immediate transition period.
LAMP2A regulates cisplatin resistance in colorectal cancer through mediating autophagy
Authors: Shi Zhiliang , Yang Shuting , Shen Chenglong , Shao Jiazhe , Zhou Fang , Liu Haichen , Zhou Guoqiang
Published: May 2024

Background

Drug resistance is an important constraint on clinical outcomes in advanced cancers. LAMP2A is a limiting protein in molecular chaperone-mediated autophagy. This study was aimed to explore LAMP2A function in cisplatin (cis-diamminedichloroplatinum, DDP) resistance colorectal cancer (CRC) to seek new ideas for CRC clinical treatment.

Methods

In this study, LAMP2A expression was analyzed by molecular experimental techniques,such as qRT-PCR and western blot. Then, LAMP2A in cells was interfered by cell transfection experiments. Subsequently, the function of LAMP2A on proliferation, migration, invasion, DDP sensitivity, and autophagy of CRC/DDP cells were further investigated by a series of experiments, such as CCK-8, transwell, and western blot.

Results

We revealed that LAMP2A was clearly augmented in DDP-resistant CRC and was related to poor patient prognosis. Functionally, LAMP2A insertion remarkably CRC/DDP proliferation, migration, invasion ability and DDP resistance by strengthen autophagy. In contrast, LAMP2A knockdown limited the proliferation, migration, and invasion while heightened cellular sensitivity to DDP by restraining autophagy in CRC/DDP cells. Furthermore, LAMP2A silencing was able to curb tumor formation and enhance sensitivity to DDP in vivo.

Conclusion

In summary, LAMP2A boosted malignant progression and DDP resistance in CRC/DDP cells through mediating autophagy. Clarifying LAMP2A function in DDP resistance is promising to seek cancer therapies biomarkers targeting LAMP2A activity.
New statistical framework for interlaboratory evaluation of anti-doping testing results by WADA
Authors: Meija Juris , Possolo Antonio , Garrido Bruno Carius , Kisoona Sanjana , Barroso Osquel
Published: May 2024

The World Anti-doping Agency (WADA) International Standard for Laboratories (ISL), developed as part of the World Anti-Doping Program, requires satisfactory laboratory performance in the WADA External Quality Assessment Scheme (EQAS) in order to obtain and maintain WADA accreditation. Under this mandate, WADA regularly distributes urine and blood test samples to anti-doping laboratories to continuously monitor their proficiency. Over the years, WADA has employed classical, generic statistical methods, in accordance to ISO 13528, to evaluate quantitative EQAS results. Here, we set out the rationale for a modern statistical approach that recognizes and addresses the particular features of the measurement results typically obtained in such tests and present an approach involving Bayesian measurement models and statistical data analysis that is tailored specifically to anti-doping testing.
Enhancing statistical chart accessibility for people with low vision: insights from a user test
Authors: Alcaraz-Martínez Rubén , Ribera Mireia , Adeva-Fillol Adrià , Pascual-Almenara Afra
Published: May 2024

A remote user test was performed with two versions (one accessible and one non-accessible) of three types of web-based charts (horizontal bar chart, vertical stacked bar chart, and line chart). The objectives of the test were: (a) to validate a set of heuristic indicators for the evaluation of the accessibility of statistical charts presented in a previous work (Fariñas Falcón et al. in Mediocentro Electrónica 21(1):65–68, 2017); (b) to identify new barriers and preferences for users with low vision in the access and use of this content not previously contemplated. 12 users were tested, with a variety of conditions associated with low vision: low visual acuity (6 users), reduced central vision (2 users), reduced peripheral vision (2 users), blurry vision (1 user), sensitivity to light (3 users), Nystagmus (2 users) and color vision deficiency (CVD) (4 users). From a quantitative standpoint, accessible versions of charts were more efficient, effective, and satisfactory. From a qualitative point of view, results verify the relevance of heuristics H2, Legend; H3, Axes; H6, Data source (as data table); H10, Safe colors; H11, Contrast; H12, Legibility; H13, Image quality; H14, Resize; H16, Focus visible; H17, Independent navigation; related to the proposed tasks. As new observations, tooltips were highly valued by all users, but their implementation must be improved to avoid covering up significant parts of the charts when displayed. The data table has also been frequently used by all users, especially in the non-accessible versions, allowing them to carry out tasks more efficiently. The position and size of the legend can be a significant barrier if it is too small or appears in an unusual position. Finally, despite the limitations related to color perception, some users prefer color graphics to black and white, so, to target all profiles, it is necessary to redundantly encode categories with colors and patterns as well.
The hidden truth: unexpected acorn caching sites by Eurasian Jays (Garrulus glandarius L.) re-examined
Authors: Wróbel Aleksandra , Kurek Przemysław , Bobiec Andrzej
Published: May 2024

Eurasian Jays (Garrulus glandarius) typically store seeds on the ground in shallow caches, promoting tree recruitment. However, speculation exists that Eurasian Jays occasionally store a portion of seeds in microhabitats unsuitable for proper germination. Here, we report that unexpected caching sites in Eurasian Jays can be much more widespread than previously considered and despite their accidental character it seems to be a durable aspect of Eurasian Jay’s hoarding behavior. Out of 259 removed acorns of Pedunculate Oak (Quercus robur), we localized 31 consumed and 222 stored acorns. Six experimental acorns (3% of stored acorns) were found stored by jays in unexpected caching sites: (i) above the ground on individuals of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris), (ii) inside the woody stems of Reynoutria sp. individuals, (iii) in a rotten trunk, and (iv) among ruin debris. Our findings suggest the need to revise our understanding of so-called unexpected caching in Eurasian Jays. This highlights a previously overlooked aspect of oak-jay interactions, offering a valuable piece to the puzzle.
Intergenerational Ambivalence, Self-differentiation and Ethnic Identity: A Mixed-methods Study on Family Ethnic Socialization
Authors: Yao Hong , Hou Yajie , Hausmann-Stabile Carolina , Lai Angel Hor Yan
Published: May 2024

Ethnic identity, profoundly influenced by familial factors, embodies multifaceted layers; yet, the intricate process of family ethnic socialization warrants deeper exploration. This study focuses on exploring the complexities of ethnic identity formation, specifically within the context of Yi adolescents. Employing a mixed-methods approach, it delves into family ethnic socialization dynamics among Yi adolescents. The research engaged 606 surveyed participants and conducted interviews with 188 individuals in focused group settings in Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, China. Quantitative analysis revealed correlations between caregiver-adolescent relationships (CAR) and ethnic identity. Adolescents experiencing ambivalent, positive, or neutral CAR exhibited higher ethnic identity levels than those with negative CAR. Qualitative analysis highlighted two key themes. Firstly, families tended to acculturate love through traditional cultural expectations and socialization, demonstrated through unconscious integration of Yi culture and a focus on individual modernity within family values. Secondly, ethnic identity attainment was observed through self-differentiation, including reflexive awareness of Yi ethnicity, enrichment of Yi identity through peer interactions, and the connection of self-actualization with Yi prosperity. The findings emphasize the need for culturally sensitive support, particularly for social workers, to facilitate reflexive self-differentiation among ethnic minority adolescents during family ethnic socialization.
Sperm epigenetics and sperm RNAs as drivers of male infertility: truth or myth?
Authors: Leggio Loredana , Paternò Greta , Cavallaro Fabrizio , Falcone Marco , Vivarelli Silvia , Manna Claudio , Calogero Aldo E. , Cannarella Rossella , Iraci Nunzio
Published: May 2024

Male infertility represents a complex clinical condition that often challenges the ability of reproductive specialists to find its etiology and then propose an adequate treatment. The unexplained decline in sperm count, as well as the association between male infertility and mortality, morbidity, and cancer, has prompted researchers toward an urgent need to better understand the causes of male infertility. Therefore, molecular biologists are increasingly trying to study whether sperm epigenetic alterations may be involved in male infertility and embryo developmental abnormalities. In this context, research is also trying to uncover the hidden role of sperm RNAs, both coding and non-coding. This narrative review aims to thoroughly and comprehensively present the relationship between sperm epigenetics, sperm RNAs, and human fertility. We first focused on the technological aspects of studying sperm epigenetics and RNAs, relating to the complex role(s) played in sperm maturation, fertilization, and embryo development. Then, we examined the intricate connections between epigenetics and RNAs with fertility measures, namely sperm concentration, embryo growth and development, and live birth rate, in both animal and human studies. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in sperm epigenetic regulation, as well as the impact of RNA players, will help to tackle infertility.
From Social Stress and Isolation to Autonomic Nervous System Dysregulation in Suicidal Behavior
Authors: Alacreu-Crespo Adrián , Sebti Emma , Moret Rosa María , Courtet Philippe
Published: May 2024

Purpose of Review

In this narrative review we wanted to describe the relationship of autonomic nervous system activity with social environment and suicidal spectrum behaviors.

Recent Findings

Patients with suicidal ideation/suicide attempt have higher sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and lower parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity in resting conditions and during acute stress tasks compared with patients without suicidal ideation/suicide attempt. Death by suicide and violent suicide attempt also are related to SNS hyperactivation. Similarly, a SNS/PNS imbalance has been observed in people with childhood trauma, stressful life events or feelings of loneliness and isolation. Social support seems to increase PNS control and resilience.

Due to the importance of the social context and stressful life events in suicidal behavior, SNS/PNS imbalance could act as a mediator in this relationship and be a source of relevant biomarkers. Childhood trauma and stressful life events may impair the autonomic nervous system response in suicidal patients. Loneliness, isolation and social support may act as moderators in acute stress situations.
Lifestyle intervention for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: a 24-h integrated behavior perspective
Authors: Keating Shelley E. , Chawla Yogesh , De Arka , George Elena S.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The prevalence, health and socioeconomic burden of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is growing, increasing the need for novel evidence-based lifestyle approaches. Lifestyle is the cornerstone for MAFLD management and co-existing cardiometabolic dysfunction. The aim of this review was to evaluate the evidence for lifestyle management of MAFLD, with a specific lens on 24-hour integrated behaviour and provide practical recommendations for implementation of the evidence.

Results

Weight loss ≥ 7–10% is central to lifestyle management; however, liver and cardiometabolic benefits are attainable with improved diet quality and exercise even without weight loss. Lifestyle intervention for MAFLD should consider an integrated ‘24-h’ approach that is cognisant of diet, physical activity/exercise, sedentary behavior, smoking, alcohol intake and sleep. Dietary management emphasises energy deficit and improved diet quality, especially the Mediterranean diet, although sociocultural adaptations to meet preferences should be considered. Increasing physical activity and reducing sedentary behavior can prevent MAFLD, with strongest evidence in MAFLD supporting regular structured moderate–vigorous aerobic exercise for 150–240 min/week. Resistance training in addition to aerobic exercise should be considered and prioritised for those who are losing body mass via diet and/or pharmacological approaches and those with sarcopenia, to minimise bone and lean mass loss. Limited evidence suggests that sleep is important for MAFLD prevention. Emerging novel approaches to diet and exercise may address some of the key barriers to behaviour change (e.g. lack of time, access to resources and social support).

Future Directions

Large-scale multidisciplinary trials in people with MAFLD with long-term follow-up, that can be scaled up into mainstream healthcare, are required. Future management guidelines should consider the heterogeneity of MAFLD and specialised models of care that coordinate the health workforce to manage the increased and growing MAFLD population.
Backbone and methyl side-chain resonance assignments of the single chain Fab fragment of trastuzumab
Authors: Gagné Donald , Aramini James M. , Aubin Yves
Published: May 2024

Trastuzumab is a therapeutic monoclonal antibody developed to target human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) present at higher levels in early cancers. Here we report the near complete resonance assignment of trastuzumab-scFab fragment backbone and the methyl groups of isoleucine, leucine and valine residues, as well as their stereo-assignments. The antibody fragment was produced using a single chain approach in Escherichia coli.
The need to set explicit goals for human germline gene editing public dialogues
Authors: Geuverink Wendy P. , Houtman Diewertje , Retel Helmrich Isabel R. A. , van Baalen Sophie , van Beers Britta C. , van El Carla G. , Henneman Lidewij , Kasprzak Michelle D. , Arets Danielle , Riedijk Sam R. ,   the ‘De DNA dialogen’ consortium
Published: May 2024

Given the potentially large ethical and societal implications of human germline gene editing (HGGE) the urgent need for public and stakeholder engagement (PSE) has been repeatedly expressed. However, the explicit goals of such PSE efforts often remain poorly defined. In this program report, we outline the goals of our Dutch project called De DNA dialogen (The DNA dialogues). We believe that setting explicit goals in advance is essential to enable meaningful PSE efforts. Moreover, it enables the evaluation of our engagement efforts. The following four goals, which result from intensive consultations among the transdisciplinary projects’ consortium members and based on the literature, form the foundation for how we will engage the public and stakeholders in deliberation about HGGE: 1) Enable publics and stakeholders to deliberate on “what if” questions, before considering “whether” and “how” questions regarding HGGE, 2) Investigate agreement and disagreement in values and beliefs regarding HGGE in order to agree and disagree more precisely, 3) Involve diverse publics with various perspectives, with a focus on those that are typically underrepresented in PSE, 4) Enable societally aligned policy making by providing policymakers, health care professionals and legal experts insight into how values are weighed and ascribed meaning in the context of HGGE by various publics, and how these values relate to the principles of democratic rule of law and fundamental rights. The effort to describe our goals in detail may serve as an example and can inform future initiatives striving for open science and open governance in the context of PSE.
#let’s-discuss: Analyzing Students’ Use of Emoji when Interacting with Course Readings
Authors: Blobstein Ariel , Facciotti Marc T. , Igo Michele , Karger David , Ravi Prerna , Sripathi Kamali , Gal Kobi
Published: May 2024

Emoji are commonly used in social media to convey affects, emotions, and attitudes. While popular in social media, their use in educational contexts has been sparsely studied even though emoji can be a natural way for students to express what they are feeling about the learning material. This paper studies how students use instructor-selected emoji when relating to and engaging with educational content. We use an online platform for collaborative annotations where discussions are embedded into the readings for the course. We also make it possible for students to use 11 unique emoji-hashtag pairings to express their thoughts and feelings about the readings and the ongoing discussion. We provide an empirical analysis of the usage of these emoji-hashtag pairs by over 1,800 students enrolled in different offerings of an introductory biology course from multiple academic terms. We also introduce a heat map, which allows the instructional team to visualize the distribution and types of emoji used by students in different parts of the reading material. To evaluate the heat map, we conducted a user study with five instructors/TAs. We found that instructors/TAs use the heat map as a tool for identifying textbook sections that students find difficult and/or interesting and plan to use it to help them design the online content for future classes. Finally, we introduce a computational analysis for predicting emoji/hashtag pairs based on the content of a given student post. We use pre-trained deep learning language models (BERT) to predict the emoji attached to a student’s post and then study the extent to which this model generated in an introductory biology course can be generalized to predict student emoji usage in other courses.
Neural Diversity and Decisions
Authors: Thoelen Garrett , Zak Paul J.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Differences in choices provide a window into the variety of human preferences and behaviors. Most non-trivial decisions recruit multiple regions of the brain with activity that shows substantial variation across individuals and also depends on personality traits and attitudes.

Methods

The present study measured nine physiologic factors and collected 15 types of psychological data while participants made decisions in standard tasks measuring risk aversion, patience, altruism, cooperation, generosity, trust, and trustworthiness. Robust predictors were defined as those that were statistically significant in both forward and backward stepwise regressions using all the collected independent variables.

Results

The analysis showed that multiple measures of physiologic stress decrease cooperative behaviors while testosterone consistently increased antisocial behaviors. In addition, cognitive abilities robustly increased patience but decreased cooperation, while those more satisfied with their lives were more trustworthy. Participants scoring high on the personality trait of imagination were shown to be less altruistic and generous, while neuroticism increased prosociality.

Conclusion

This study identified key drivers of behaviors that should be measured in decision-making experiments in order to capture the multiple factors that affect choices. We conclude with suggestions on how to establish causal relationships between the identified factors and decisions.
Clairaut Conformal Submersions
Authors: Meena Kiran , Zawadzki Tomasz
Published: May 2024

The aim of this paper is to introduce Clairaut conformal submersions between Riemannian manifolds. First, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for conformal submersions to be Clairaut conformal submersions. In particular, we obtain Clairaut relation for geodesics on the total manifolds of conformal submersions, and prove that Clairaut conformal submersions have constant dilation along their fibers, which are totally umbilical, with mean curvature being gradient of a function. Further, we calculate the scalar and Ricci curvatures of the vertical distributions of the total manifolds. Moreover, we find a necessary and sufficient condition for Clairaut conformal submersions to be harmonic. For a Clairaut conformal submersion we find conformal changes of the metric on its domain or image, that give a Clairaut Riemannian submersion, a Clairaut conformal submersion with totally geodesic fibers, or a harmonic Clairaut submersion. Finally, we give two non-trivial examples of Clairaut conformal submersions to illustrate the theory and present a local model of every Clairaut conformal submersion with integrable horizontal distribution.
Leadership as service: developing a character education program for university students in Spain
Authors: Cohen de Lara Emma , Lleó Álvaro , Domingo Vianney , Torralba José M.
Published: May 2024

This paper describes the development and implementation of a character education program at the University of Navarra. The Leadership as Service Program has been developed in collaboration with the Oxford Character Project, and has adapted its Global Leadership Initiative to the Spanish context. The purpose of the Leadership as Service Program is to help students develop a sense of personal purpose, and virtues that are specific to leadership, such as prudence, humility, gratitude, resilience, and service. The methodology of the program follows the seven strategies of character education and includes a mentoring program. In order to adapt the Global Leadership Initiative to the Spanish context, the Leadership as Service Program was integrated as much as possible into the fabric of the University of Navarra by means of (1) facilitating a new initiative to develop workshops on purpose; (2) incorporating an existing mentoring program; (3) positioning local actors as experts, and (4) dialogue with stakeholders within the university. First results indicate that the Leadership as Service Program makes a valuable contribution to the ethical and professional development of students, which corroborates with the findings of the Oxford Global Leadership Initiative.
Collateral Child and Parent Effects of Behavioral Sleep Interventions for Children with Rare Genetic Neurodevelopmental Conditions
Authors: Woodford Emma C. , McLay Laurie K. , France Karyn G. , Blampied Neville M. , Swan Catherine E.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

This study, following Woodford et al. (2024), investigated the collateral child and parent effects of function-based behavioral sleep interventions for 21 children with rare genetic neurodevelopmental conditions (RGNC).

Methods

Measures completed by parents at pre- and post-intervention assessed change in children’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms, health-related quality of life, behavioral strengths and difficulties, as well as parental sleep, relationship quality, and mental health symptoms. Data were analysed using modified Brinley plots and effect size estimates.

Results

Results demonstrate modest collateral benefits across child emotional and behavioral difficulties and health-related quality of life, and maternal anxiety and stress symptoms and sleep quality. There was minimal improvement in parent ratings of child externalizing symptoms and physical health-related quality of life, parent relationship satisfaction and all paternal outcome measures. There was no statistically significant relationship between changes in collateral outcomes and sleep problem severity.

Conclusions

Findings underscore the diverse potential benefits of improved sleep and highlight the need for further prioritisation of sleep services and research in RGNC.
Tribological behavior of alumina (Al2O3) and zirconia (ZrO2) plungers used in high pressure pumps
Authors: Sequeira Anil Antony , Mohan Mahesh , Sachidananda H. K.
Published: May 2024

Ceramic materials are commonly used in plungers due to high resistance to wear, abrasion, and low coefficient of thermal expansion. Also, they are commonly used in dry conditions without permanent damage, ceasing of pump head and better corrosion resistance than metals due to their inert characteristics. Zirconia (ZrO2) ceramic is used due to its high strength whereas, alumina (Al2O3) is commonly used in industries for high pressure pumps. The toughness of zirconia ceramics is higher than alumina ceramics as it overcomes the inherent brittleness of ceramic materials. It also has higher wear resistance and extends the life of the product. Whereas alumina has better mechanical characteristics such as hardness compared to Zirconia. In this research work tribological behavior of Alumina and Zirconia ceramics used in high pressure pumps have been studied. The wear test using end face wear testing apparatus has been conducted under flat contact for both alumina and ceramic material considering a mean contact pressure of 10 N, 20 N, 30 N and 40 N and sliding velocity of 40 mm/s. The wear test was conducted for 30 min considering a total sliding distance of 1500 m and 3000 m. The wear test results indicate that both alumina and ceramic exhibit lower wear factors and superior mechanical properties. The findings also reveal that the wear rates of Al2O3 and ZrO2 are influenced by friction forces, subsequently impacting the overall wear rate. Also, as the load increases the surface contact area also increases which in turn increases the wear rate. However, zirconia could be a potential substitute for alumina due to its high strength and fracture toughness.