bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating the Educational Landscape: Experiences of Hispanic Male Teachers in Texas K-12 Schools
Authors: Ekpe Leslie , Weinberg Nicole , Daly Garrison , Przymus Steve , Hernandez Frank , Huddleston Gabriel , Kyzar Kathleen
Published: January 2025

Drawing from the National Hispanic Male Teacher Survey (NHMTS) pilot in Texas, this paper aims to expand efforts to recruit, prepare, support, and sustain Hispanic male teachers in K-12 institutions. The findings drawn from 839 educators present becoming a future role model to Hispanic students, dismantling stereotypical assumptions around being Hispanic and male, confronting racism within the teacher role, and the burden of being the translator, disciplinarian, and educator all in one. Our study contributes to the differentiation of teacher recruitment and retention strategies when addressing the underrepresentation of racially and ethnically minoritized educators in the teacher workforce.
Recent developments and applications of pH-responsive polymers
Authors: Yang Lan , Yuan Qian-Yu , Li Ting-Ting , Lou Ching-Wen , Hung Chun‐Yu , Lin Jia-Horng
Published: January 2025

The term pH-responsive polymer refers to a polymer with basic residues or ionizable acidic residues, which has the characteristics of high sensitivity and controllable operation. pH-responsive polymers are applied to different fields by self-assembling into various nanostructures, such as pH-responsive microcapsules, pH-responsive hydrogels, pH-responsive colorimetric nanothin films, and pH-responsive hydrophilic and hydrophobic conversion, which provide new ideas for the study of new nanostructures. This review presents reports on the synthesis of pH response polymers in recent years, including the medical field of controlled release systems, biological sensing, food monitoring, nanoadsorption applications, for nanotechnology, material science, biomedical technology, and colloid research applications, and provides possible methods and reference for performance reference.
Harassment or neglect? How market dynamics and rent control shape landlord behaviour in Los Angeles
Authors: Angst Sean , Rosen Jovanna , Painter Gary , De Gregorio Soledad
Published: January 2025

This paper examines whether and how housing market dynamics shape landlords’ profit-seeking behaviours, focusing on harassment and property neglect. Leveraging household survey data, we assess whether differences between market and contract rents, rent control and gentrification influence landlord behaviour. Findings reveal that one-quarter of respondents reported inadequate maintenance from landlords within the past two years, and more than one-fifth reported at least one form of harassment. However, the incidence of these issues varied across contexts. Tenants in rent-controlled buildings and gentrifying census tracts were 14.8 and 9.4 percentage points more likely than peers not in those situations to experience harassment, respectively. Moreover, rent-controlled tenants were more likely to experience illegal eviction practices while those in gentrifying tracts were more likely to experience threats and assault. In contrast, paying lower rents relative to market estimates alone was not associated with a greater likelihood of refusal to provide maintenance and a lower likelihood of harassment. These results suggest that landlords respond in illegal ways when frictions in the market make it difficult to simply increase rents in response to strengthening market conditions.
Comparison of Cochlear Implant Efficacy in Pre- Versus Postsynaptic Auditory Neuropathy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Almutairi Homood M. , Hazazi Mohammed , Almutairi Abdulaziz Badar , Almutairi Abdulrahman Nasser , Almutairi Amirah Fayez , alshahrani Ali Saad , Alotaibi Salman Khalid , AlShiha Wala S. , almashharawi Iman
Published: January 2025

Background: Etiological factors affecting outcomes of cochlear implants (Cis) are known; however, a direct comparison of efficacy based on lesion location is needed. We aimed to systematically examine the current evidence to compare the effectiveness of CIs in patients with presynaptic versus postsynaptic neuropathy. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, CENTRAL, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and PsycINFO. Studies were selected based on their examination of CI efficacy in patients with auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder, distinguishing between pre- and postsynaptic lesions using genetic markers or electrophysiological assessments. Results: Analysis of seven studies consistently highlighted the importance of etiological diagnosis in predicting CI outcomes. Genetic mutations were correlated with more favorable CI outcomes, emphasizing the role of genetic etiology. Electrophysiological measures also proved useful in assessing auditory function, further emphasizing the value of detailed diagnostics. Conclusion: Etiological factors generally influence CI outcomes; however, the success varies between pre- and postsynaptic neuropathies. Integrating genetic and electrophysiological diagnostics is crucial for predicting CI performance, suggesting a need for personalized approaches in evaluating CI candidates for more targeted and effective auditory rehabilitation.
Can the Confucian dream of peace dialogue with Realpolitik?
Authors: Golden Seán
Published: January 2025

An economy based on agriculture required access to both tillage and tillers. Power was shared by two groups in the ruling class. The warriors’ priority was to mobilize the tillers for war and the acquisition of more lands by conquest at the cost of peace and agriculture. The priority of their rivals in power, known colloquially as ‘Mandarins’ in European languages, was to liberate the tillers from warfare and to promote peace and agriculture. The technocratic Mandarins could not use martial prowess to defeat the warriors’ ‘hard power’. Confucian thought emerged from this continuous struggle as a ‘soft power’ strategy. Today, Chinese thinkers and strategists are reinterpreting Confucian ideals to promote a ‘harmonious society’ and a ‘harmonious world’ based on a classical Confucian concept of the entire world as one common space to be shared harmoniously, perhaps responding to a collective ‘Western’ vision of self-interested Realpolitik with a Confucian dream of peace.
Attitudes About Appropriate Languages for Different Spheres of Life: The Case of Lithuania
Authors: Vilkienė Loreta
Published: January 2025

This article analyses the responses of 1,003 respondents to one question from the representative survey of the Lithuanian population: Which language do you think is appropriate for school, higher education, business, services, and communication with officials in Lithuania? The aim is to answer two RQs: (1) To what extent are the different languages—Lithuanian, English, Russian, Polish—perceived as appropriate in the various spheres of life? (2) Do the factors of age, L1, and place of residence influence target attitudes statistically significantly? Descriptive and inferential (Pearson's Chi-squared test) statistics were used for data analysis. The results show that the Lithuanian language has maintained its position as appropriate in various domains. However, in the business domain, Lithuanian competes with English. English has considerably strengthened its position in all domains analyzed. Target attitudes towards Russian and Polish have slightly changed in favour of these languages, especially in business. The factor of age statistically significantly affects attitudes according to Lithuanian and English in all domains analyzed. In the case of other languages, attitudes depend not only on age but also on domain. The same applies to the influence of the factor of place of residence: it works together with the domain. The L1 factor has a statistically significant effect when ethnic minorities express attitudes about their L1.
Adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients with HER2-negative early breast cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Petrelli Fausto , Dottorini Lorenzo , Sarno Italo , Di Menna Giandomenico , Angeli Irene , Moleri Giovanna , Battaiotto Elena , Luciani Andrea
Published: January 2025

Evidence from randomized trials regarding adjuvant chemotherapy and its impact on survival in older patients with resected breast cancer is limited. This study evaluates the current evidence on the use of adjuvant chemotherapy and its effects on overall mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality in older patients. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on the impact of adjuvant chemotherapy in elderly patients with HER2-negative breast cancer. Searches in PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library up to May 2024 included terms such as “breast cancer,” “adjuvant,” “chemotherapy,” “elderly,” and “HER2-negative.” Eligible studies involved women aged 65 years or older with HER2-negative breast cancer, comparing those receiving adjuvant chemotherapy versus those who did not. Excluded were studies on neoadjuvant therapy, HER2-positive disease, or non-English publications. The primary outcome was overall mortality. Among 2345 articles, 35 studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 376,900 patients. Adjuvant chemotherapy significantly reduced overall mortality (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.73; 95% CI: 0.68–0.78) and breast cancer-specific mortality (HR = 0.81; 95% CI: 0.73–0.9), with the most pronounced benefit in triple-negative breast cancer (HR = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.60–0.67). Adjuvant chemotherapy reduces overall mortality and breast cancer-specific mortality in older patients, particularly those with triple-negative breast cancer. However, the evidence is predominantly based on retrospective or observational studies, highlighting inherent limitations. Comprehensive geriatric evaluations are crucial for patient selection, and dedicated clinical trials focused on older populations are urgently needed.
The last journey, coming home before dying for migrant cancer patients: A case series
Authors: Zambelli Luca , Gigliotti Alberto , Bianchessi Clara , Liguori Simeone , Defendi Sergio
Published: January 2025

Background:

Global migration has led to an increasing number of migrant patients receiving cancer diagnoses in foreign countries. These individuals often experience worse outcomes due to advanced disease at diagnosis and limited access to specialized care. When palliative care becomes the primary option, many express a wish to return to their home country for End-of-Life care. However, no guidelines or care pathways currently address this sensitive issue.

Case presentation:

This case series describes three migrant patients who wished to return to their home countries for End-of-Life care. The first case highlights the critical role of early communication, administrative challenges, and disparities in palliative care availability. The second case demonstrates that even highly disabled patients can undertake a final journey if clinically stable, provided appropriate accommodations and support are in place. Both cases followed a similar framework: identifying a palliative care provider in the home country and having a Mini-Team member accompany the patient. In contrast, the third case underscores the difficulty of fulfilling this wish when clinical deterioration progresses rapidly, preventing repatriation

Conclusion:

Fulfilling the desire of migrant oncology patients to return to their home countries for End-of-Life care presents various challenges. These obstacles may arise from differences in national healthcare systems, administrative issues, and the patient’s clinical condition. It is crucial for the Mini-Team to identify this wish as early as possible to secure appropriate arrangements in the patient’s home country. Additionally, having a member of the Mini-Team accompany the patient during the journey can provide significant support.
Causal Graph Discovery for Urban Bus Operation Delays: A Case Study in Stockholm
Authors: Zhang Qi , Ma Zhenliang , Ling Yancheng , Qin Zhenlin , Zhang Pengfei , Zhao Zhan
Published: January 2025

Bus delays significantly affect urban public transportation by reducing operational efficiency and incurring high costs. Understanding the causes of these delays is essential for developing targeted mitigation strategies. While traditional research focuses on correlation-based analysis, it often fails to uncover the underlying causal mechanisms. This study examines various causal graph discovery algorithms combined with structural equation models (SEMs) to infer the causal relationships among factors that affect bus delays. These algorithms generate causal graphs for bus delays, revealing the interrelations and impacts of various operational factors. SEM is used to quantify the causal effects. This study evaluates the performance of these algorithms from the perspectives of both the statistical data fitting and the causal relationships generated. A case study is conducted using General Transit Feed Specification (GTFS) data from frequent bus routes in Stockholm, Sweden. The validation results demonstrate the effectiveness of data-driven causal discovery models in identifying causal links, particularly when combined with domain knowledge. The empirical analysis shows the complexity of factors contributing to bus delays, emphasizing the necessity of integrating causality into bus delay analysis. For example, a high correlation between origin delay and bus arrival delay (coefficient = 0.63) does not indicate direct causation, and a strong causation between dwell time and arrival delay does not imply a higher correlation (coefficient = 0.12). Comparing variable importance with linear regression (LR) reveals notable differences; origin delay, which is often overlooked by previous studies, is significant in the causal graph model (standardized coefficient = 0.601) but ranks much lower in LR (standardized coefficient = 0.003). These insights underscore the importance of automated, data-driven causal discovery in enhancing decision-making processes and improving the efficiency and reliability of transit services.
Democracy Rots from within: Capitalism, Crisis Character, and Reactionary Mobilizations
Authors: Langman Lauren
Published: January 2025

Right-wing populist movements have gained support and power in several countries. Why have so many supported reactionary movements? Plato, Aristotle, and Machiavelli pointed out problems with democracy, but to understand what’s happening Marx offers a starting point in the 18th Brumaire. The Frankfurt School, updating Marx, integrated a psychodynamic perspective that suggested that in face of crisis, people felt alienated and powerless. Given fear, and anger, reactionary, authoritarian politics was a palliative to the duress. Authoritarianism, a disposition of individuals to seek submission to superiors and/or domination over inferiors and direct anger/aggression to outsiders disposed authoritarian ideologies promising redemption, movements offered a sense of belonging and leaders promised a restoration of past greatness and revenge to the enemies. Today, (1) globalized neoliberalism, fostering inequality and precarity, has created wealth for the few but hardships for the many; (2) cultural changes challenging heretofore unquestioned, essentialist, hierarchical identities have evoked ressentiment, fear of replacement, shame, and necrophilia that have moved many people to support reactionary movements. These crises have led many to support reactionary governments, which tend toward cronyism, corruption, and incompetence, and ultimately engender progressive counterreactions. This is evident in the youth movement that generally supports progressive policies.
Stepwise ablation strategy in radiofrequency ablation improves acute and long-term outcomes of scar-related ventricular tachycardias
Authors: Wang Pin , Zuo Yanan , Miao Chenglong , Xu Lu , Wang Yanwei , Liu Suyun , Xing Ru , Guo Bingyan
Published: January 2025

Background

The optimal intervention procedures for scar-related ventricular tachycardia (VT) is still unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to compare the acute and long-term outcomes of a stepwise ablation approach targeting critical sites identified through activation mapping during VT or pace mapping followed by substrate ablation with substrate modification alone in patients with scar-related VT.

Methods

Data of 41 patients with scar-related VTs treated with stepwise ablation (Group 1, n = 29) or substrate modification alone during sinus rhythm (Group 2, n = 12) were retrospectively reviewed. The procedure acute success and long-term success during follow-up were compared.

Results

There was no statistical difference between the two groups on basic characteristics. Group 1 demonstrated shorter ablation time (P = 0.02), longer VT-free survival rates at a median follow-up of 24.0 months (P = 0.02) and a lower VT recurrence rate (hazard ratio: 0.17, 95% confidence interval: [0.03, 0.93], P = 0.04) compared to Group 2. The acute success and ratio of ablation area to scar area were comparable between the two groups (P ≥ 0.05).

Conclusion

The stepwise ablation strategy shows promise for improving acute and long-term outcomes and reducing the recurrence risk in patients with scar-related VT.
MANSHIP: Mobile-based assistive notification service for hearing-impaired people using a hybrid deep learning model
Authors: Ngnamsie Njimbouom Soualihou , Lee Kwonwoo , Kim Jeong-Dong
Published: January 2025

Hearing impairment, often caused by noise-induced trauma, significantly affects sound perception, communication, and cognitive abilities while increasing the risk of secondary accidents—individuals with hearing impairment are twice as likely to experience accidents as those with normal hearing. According to a 2023 WHO report, approximately 432 million adults and 34 million children globally are affected by hearing loss. While Assistive Listening Devices are commonly recommended, they are inadequate for individuals with total hearing loss. Therefore, alternatives are necessary to enhance safety and reduce accident risks. The present study introduces a hybrid deep learning model combining Very Deep Convolutional Networks (VGG16) and Residual Networks (ResNet-50) for efficient sound wave analysis and classification. Trained and validated on a comprehensive urban sound dataset, the model achieved a remarkable accuracy of 97.14%, surpassing existing state-of-the-art solutions. Furthermore, a mobile-based assistive notification system, MANSHIP, was developed to detect environmental sounds and alert individuals with profound or total hearing loss to potential hazards. MANSHIP addresses critical safety challenges and demonstrates the potential to improve the quality of life for those with severe hearing impairments by fostering safer environments and reducing caregiver dependency.
The codependence of Orientalism and the social sciences: Durkheim on religion in India
Authors: Shah Prakash
Published: January 2025

Using Durkheim as an exemplary figure, this article takes up the problem of the entanglement of Orientalism with the social sciences. Durkheim is one of the classic theorists of the sociology of religion whose work remains relevant today. He drew on data relating to non-Western cultures, including India to a certain extent, in working out his theories of the division of labour and of religion. Durkheim's work is placed against the pioneering research programme of S. N. Balagangadhara on the comparative science of cultures. In doing so, the article takes up the common points of focus in their work: theory of religion; India; its religion, Hinduism; its religious law; and its caste system. Durkheim, it is argued, exemplifies the tying of Orientalism into the social sciences such that their facts and theories become problematic. Balagangadhara's research programme provides a means of understanding how this happens, and why it is a problem, and offers an alternative framework.
Platform work as a consequence of welfare regime performance
Authors: Bonoli Giuliano , Chueri Juliana , Dimitri Carlo
Published: January 2025

In this paper we focus on the impact of welfare institutions on the supply of platform workers. We assume that at the individual level the decision to engage or not in platform work depends on the available alternatives. As a result, we hypothesize that individual decisions can be explained as a consequence of welfare regime performance. In particular, we consider the ability of a welfare regime to: (1) provide effective protection against poverty; (2) to allow parents to reconcile work and family life; and (3) to facilitate a smooth transition from education to employment. Our general hypothesis is that failures in reaching one or more of these policy objectives will make participation in the platform economy more attractive, and hence increase the supply of workers. Empirically, we test our hypotheses both on macro- and micro-level data. We start by testing our macro-level hypotheses on a sample of 21 countries using two datasets on platform work (ETUI IPWS and COLLEEM II). At the micro-level, we use data on Germany and Spain. We find limited evidence in favour of our hypotheses. Higher rates of economic insecurity are associated with a stronger prevalence of platform work. At the macro-level, we also find support for the hypothesis that platform work is a response to the failure of supporting parents in reconciling work and family life. It also appears that online platform work may be an attractive option for tertiary educated people in countries with a strong labour market mismatch (e.g. Spain).
Patient Acceptance of Death and Symptom Control/Quality of Care Among Terminal Cancer Patients Under Inpatient Hospice Care: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Lee Jae Hyuck , Lee Yoo Jeong , Park So Jung , Park Young Min , Lee Chung Woo , Hwang Sun Wook , Seo Min Seok , Kim Sun Hyun , Ahn Hong Yup , Hwang In Cheol
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Patient attitude to death is associated with outcomes in hospice care settings. This Korean study investigated the association between terminal cancer patient death acceptance and symptom control and quality of care (QoC) as perceived by family caregivers (FCs).

Methods

A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted in nine inpatient hospice care units, and the data of 108 dyads (terminal cancer patients who responded to the revised Death Attitude Profile and their primary FCs) were analyzed. Dyads were dichotomized into high and low groups by death-acceptance level. Multivariate regression models were used to examine the association between death acceptance and symptom severity/QoC as perceived by FCs.

Results

Patients in the high acceptance group were younger, educated to a higher level, more religious, and had better-functioning families. Patients with severe shortness of breath were less likely to accept the inevitability of death. FCs of patients with high acceptance of death were more satisfied with QoC, particularly in domains of individualized care and family relationships. In addition, the positive association between patient acceptance and FC satisfaction with care was significant in dyads of young or female patients, patients with a low education level, and patients not cared for by a spouse.

Conclusion

Terminal cancer patient death acceptance is associated with symptom control and FC perceived QoC.
Robin Sequence and Isolated Cleft Palate are Associated With a High Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in School-Aged Children
Authors: Banhara Fábio Luiz , Trindade-Suedamm Ivy Kiemle , Trindade Inge Elly Kiemle , Sena Lais Mota Furtado , Trindade Sergio Henrique Kiemle
Published: January 2025

Objective

To analyze the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children aged 6 to 12 years with nonsyndromic Robin sequence (NSRS) and in those with nonsyndromic cleft palate (NSCP). All patients presented complete cleft palate (Veau II).

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Tertiary public hospital.

Patients

A total of 146 children divided into 2 groups: (1) NSRS (n = 69), (2) NSCP (n = 77).

Interventions

(1) Anthropometric assessment, dentoskeletal, and facial analysis. (2) Clinical interview with “Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children” and “Congestion Quantifier Five-Item” (CQ5); and (3) 48 patients: Type IV polysomnography.

Main Outcome Measures

Frequency of OSA in children with NSRS and NSCP, assessed by Type IV polysomnography.

Results

Positive scores for OSA were found in 59.42% of children with NSRS and 46.75% of those with NSCP ( P > .05). Excessive daytime sleepiness was observed in 23.19% of the NSRS group and 9.01% of the NSCP group ( P > .05). Positive scores for nasal obstruction were noted in 14.49% with NSRS and 20.78% of those with NSCP ( P > .05). In polysomnography IV subgroups, an Oxygen Desaturation Index compatible with mild to moderate OSA was observed in 89.65% of the NSRS group and 78,94% of the NSCP group ( P > .05). Also, facial and pharyngeal alterations, such as Angle Class II malocclusion, Mallampati classifications III and IV, and deep crossbite, were associated with OSA.

Conclusion

Both children with NSRS and NSCP have a high frequency of mild to moderate OSA, highlighting the need for systematic evaluation of the presence of sleep-disordered breathing in this population.
Energy efficient metaheuristic cluster-based routing protocol for underwater sensor networks
Authors: Maheswari J , Senthil Kumar J
Published: January 2025

Recently, underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) have been employed in the marine environment to forecast landslides by determining the amount of water and soil conditions, such as soil salinity, wetness, and movement. It is used in a variety of applications, including data collecting, disaster prediction, resource inquiry, marine surveillance, and so on. Energy efficiency becomes a challenge in UWSN since the nodes function on inherent energy and it can be difficult to exchange the power supply. This study focuses on developing an energy-efficient metaheuristic cluster-based routing protocol for UWSN, known as the EEMCBR-UWSN approach. The primary goal of the EEMCBR-UWSN technology is to improve energy efficiency through clustering and routing procedures. EEMCBR-UWSN technique uses a two-stage process. Initially, the spotted hyena optimization algorithm-based clustering (SHOA-C) method was used to arrange nodes in UWSN and pick appropriate cluster heads. The SHOA-C approach creates a fitness function for selecting CHs based on energy usage. Furthermore, the tumbleweed optimization algorithm-based routing (TWOA-R) approach was employed in the second stage to find the best routes in the UWSN. For route selection, the TWOA-R approach creates a fitness function based on energy, distance, and node degree. The simulation results were suggested that the EEMCBR-UWSN method outperforms traditional techniques by effectively enhancing the cluster head selection and routing processes.
A risk prediction model for adult patients with difficult intravenous access
Authors: Ji Yijun , Liu Chang , Cao Xiuzhu , Zhao Linfang
Published: January 2025

Background:

The challenges posed by difficult intravenous access (DIVA) in clinical treatment are not only related to technical difficulties but also have the potential to affect the quality of patient care and overall experience. It is crucial to adopt effective strategies to address difficult intravenous access. Currently, the assessment of difficult veins largely relies on individual perception and experience, which introduces a significant degree of subjectivity.

Aim:

To develop and validate a risk prediction model for DIVA in adult patients, providing a tool for early identification and intervention.

Design:

An observational study.

Methods:

Retrospective data collection was conducted on 1170 hospitalized patients who required the placement of a short peripheral venous catheter for treatment in a tertiary hospital from June 1, 2022, to September 30, 2022, as the training set. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify factors influencing DIVA in adult patients and to construct a risk prediction model. Prospective data collection was conducted on 300 hospitalized patients from June 1, 2023, to June 30, 2023, for external validation. The discriminative ability, calibration, and clinical utility of the model were evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curve, and clinical decision curve, respectively. A TRIPOD checklist was used to guide the reporting of this study.

Results:

The average age of patients in the training set was 58.60 ± 15.39 years. Among them, 626 were males (53.50%) and 544 were females (46.50%). The external validation group included a total of 300 patients with a mean age of 58.77 ± 15.26 years. There were 142 males (47.33%) and 158 females (52.67%). Advanced age, female sex, extreme weight (BMI <18.5 or >30), history of hemodialysis, axillary lymph node dissection for breast cancer, compromised skin integrity, history of DIVA, and target cannula size ⩽20G are independent predictive factors for DIVA in adult patients (all p < 0.05). The risk prediction model constructed based on these factors had an area under the ROC curve of 0.912 (95% CI 0.880–0.943) in the modeling group. The areas under the ROC curve in the internal and external validation groups were 0.887 (95% CI 0.855–0.924) and 0.870 (95% CI 0.799–0.942), respectively. Calibration curves showed good agreement between predicted and observed probabilities. Decision curve analysis demonstrated that intervening when the risk of venous puncture difficulty ranged from 3% to 91% yielded favorable clinical benefits for patients.

Conclusion:

Constructing a risk prediction model for DIVA in adult patients has significant predictive value. It assists medical staff in early intervention and management for high-risk patients, thereby achieving effective prediction, warning, and control.
Studio music teacher perspectives of undertaking professional development in pedagogy for students with disabilities: A qualitative analysis
Authors: Thompson Grace , Raine Melissa
Published: January 2025

There is limited literature exploring studio instrumental music teachers’ perceptions of the value of professional development opportunities aiming to enhance pedagogy for students with disabilities. In this qualitative study, semi-structured interviews with 10 music teachers who had undertaken specialized training were conducted and analyzed according to the principles of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Five themes were identified in the analysis: (1) confidence to teach students with disabilities is built upon having knowledge of students’ strengths and challenges; (2) quality teacher interactions with students are essential for learning; (3) financial and time pressures on teachers can limit accessibility; (4) including parents in music education is promoted as the ideal but can be fraught; and (5) teacher job satisfaction is high when student learning is evident. Participants valued gaining knowledge of their students’ conditions and developing their awareness of factors that supported learning. Following the specialized professional development training, many teachers continued to deepen their knowledge, created customized music lessons, and expressed increased personal and professional satisfaction when teaching music to students with disabilities. The findings indicate that specialized professional development opportunities can promote teacher confidence to facilitate music lessons for students with disabilities, leading to better access to music education.
The differential impact of origin and destination country uncertainty on international tourism
Authors: Park Soonchan
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of uncertainty in both origin and destination countries on international tourism demand, utilizing a gravity model with panel data from 60 countries covering the period from 1995 to 2018. The paper highlights that uncertainty in destination countries significantly reduces tourism exports. Additionally, it investigates the importance of similarity and relativity in uncertainty between countries, finding that smaller differences in uncertainty and lower relative uncertainty in destination countries boost tourism flows. The findings underscore the critical role of perceived stability and risk in shaping international tourism demand.
In search for productivity in hotel management responses to online reviews: Which and where to respond?
Authors: Tran Dieu Thi , Nguyen Kiet Tuan , Huynh Da Van
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the practice of responding to online reviews among hoteliers and makes an effort in seeking productivity improvements in managing this task from the perspective of the service quality-productivity-profitability triangle in the hotel sector. A mixed-method approach including systematic review and interviews is used. The systematic review looks at two branches of literature namely (1) the relationship between service quality and productivity in the context of management responses to online reviews and (2) different management response strategies, especially rote responses. Next, the interviews on ten hotel managers coupled with document analysis on 300 guests’ reviews and managerial responses of the hotels are used to explore the practices of responding to online reviews from the angle of productivity improvements and its relation to their business profitability. Findings show that existing literature on management responses primarily focuses on two dimensions namely the volume of responses (i.e., full responses, strategic responses, and no response) and the customization of responses (i.e., high tailoring and low tailoring responses). Interview results reveal that hoteliers often adopt a full response strategy, utilizing templates for generic and positive reviews, while customizing responses for specific and negative reviews. However, challenges such as workforce allocation and limitations from review platforms can hinder effective response management. This is the first study to look at management responses from productivity approach and how they fit into the service quality-productivity-profitability triangle. A novel framework of management responses for hotel industry with a particular focus on at responding productivity has been given.
A major change for ESP for nursing: Pivoting towards discourse through a new course design with communicative engagement as a focal concept
Authors: Huang Qing
Published: January 2025

This article describes how a new, discourse-focused course on English for nursing purposes (ENP) was developed from scratch to fill a critical needs gap: competence in what this article calls ‘nurse–patient communicative engagement’. A needs analysis conducted for this study revealed a gap between how experienced nurses and nursing students viewed engagement. This is a key concept that the present study amalgamated from various research sources. The present study newly defines the concept as the strategic communication moves used by experienced nurses to actively elicit patients’ concerns, proactively ensure their full understanding of what is said and done, and continually establish empathy and rapport. Engagement is currently not the focus of ENP courses globally, which instead focus on general language proficiency and rote learning of surface-level features (e.g. medical vocabulary, pronunciation of terms). What nursing students actually need, and ENP courses currently neglect, is training in dialogic communication strategies that promote engagement. A brand-new ENP course was created to scaffold students in acquiring these interactional strategies using custom-written, analytically rich learning materials based on authentic nurse–patient interactions. The new course was piloted and taught in parallel alongside an existing ENP course at the same institution. Through this control versus experimental group design, and using pre-, post-, and delayed post-test instruments, the new course was statistically and qualitatively evaluated. The new course proved successful in producing nursing students who demonstrated significantly improved perceptions and practices of engagement: they felt more positive and confident about engaging with patients, and could frequently and appropriately deploy a wide range of relevant strategies. ENP practitioners worldwide will benefit from examining this new course design, to pivot syllabuses away from piecemeal, surface-level features towards the teaching of the core discourse skill of nurse–patient engagement, a communicative practice that research shows facilitates better health outcomes for patients.
Human rights and affective diplomacy: The presence and strategies of foreign embassies in LGBTQ rights activism in Japan
Authors: Kawasaka Kazuyoshi
Published: January 2025

With the internationalization of LGBTQ human rights politics and issues, embassies often play a significant role as a bridge between local LGBTQ situations and global politics. Despite being a G7 member, Japan largely lacks laws to protect LGBTQ rights, such as an anti-discrimination law and the legalization of civil unions or same-sex marriage. This paper examines foreign embassies in Japan and their activities in relation to LGBTQ rights. Through interviews with embassy officers, this paper analyzes the embassies’ activities from four viewpoints: democratic values and universal human rights; cultural diplomacy; the role of LGBTQ-identifying diplomats and officers; and affective diplomacy.
On the nonlinear link between stigma and collective action: Evidence from sexual and gender minorities in 25 countries
Authors: Selvanathan Hema Preya , Valdenegro Daniel , Noor Masi , Visintin Emilio Paolo , Lalot Fanny , Sainz Mario , Bilewicz Michał , Hayward Lydia , Sebben Simone , Ullrich Johannes , Hässler Tabea
Published: January 2025

The stigma faced by gender and sexual minorities varies across countries. How does stigma relate to collective action for social change? We propose a curvilinear link (i.e., an inverted U-curve) between stigma and collective action such that increased stigma is associated with increased collective action up to a point, beyond which, increased stigma is associated with reduced collective action. Using Bayesian inference with a sample of over 3,000 lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, and queer (LGBTIQ+) individuals across 25 countries, analyses showed that at the between-country level (but not at the within-country level), there was preliminary evidence of a curvilinear effect. There was also an indirect effect of institutional stigma on collective action outcomes via perceived stigma, suggesting that structural-level factors can trickle down to shape individuals’ social change intentions and behaviours. These findings raise the importance of reconsidering the assumption of linearity between stigma and collective action.
From the presence of absence to the absence of presence: Violence and the practical consequences of nostalgia in Guatemala City
Authors: Peeters Timo
Published: January 2025

Nostalgia can provide its protagonists with a powerful counterweight against the force of the now. Building on the creative potential of the imagination, it owes much of its strength to the fact that there are few forces out there that can stop someone from unshackling the past from its contradictions, injustices and ills and projecting these images onto the present. This article revolves around the tension between nostalgic remembrance and individual strategies for navigating security in Guatemala City’s context of wild and out-of-control violence. It shows that nostalgia can cause people to fail to recognize risk, just as it can hinder their ability to deal with risk when it is recognized as such. Until now, ethnographers have largely failed to engage with the psychological mechanisms behind nostalgia and, much like nostalgics themselves, have overlooked its practical risks.
Credit risk of China’s commercial banks based on the KMV model—taking 18 listed commercial banks as an example
Authors: Deng Lingfeng , Li Wei , Liu Juan , Ouyang Yizhen
Published: January 2025

Credit risk constitutes a pivotal concern within the purview of commercial banking operations, commanding profound significance for regulators, the general public, and investors alike. In pursuit of a comprehensive comprehension of the intricacies of credit risk within the banking sector, this study selects a diverse cohort of 18 publicly traded commercial banks in China as its focal subjects. Employing financial and stock data from the year 2019, this research leverages the advanced KMV model to evaluate these banks’ default risks and subsequently calculate their respective default distances. The innovation of this paper lies in that we will use KMV model to quantify the credit risk level of commercial banks, and empirically study the credit risk of Chinese commercial banks through the case study of 18 listed commercial banks with different nature. The KMV model, a well-established approach for the assessment of default risk, computes the default distance predicated upon the market value’s volatility and the balance sheet’s structure, encompassing considerations of the debtor’s probability of default and default loss rate. Default distance denotes the discernible disparity between the debtor’s prevailing market value and the precipice of default, serving as a reliable metric to gauge the probability of a debtor’s default occurrence. This study meticulously curates financial and stock data pertaining to the 18 selected banks, subsequently subjecting them to rigorous evaluation through the KMV model. Through a meticulous analysis of the default distances thus derived, this research unveils the divergent spectra of default risks across banks of varying profiles, further elucidating potential risk factors. These analysis results are of important reference value for regulators and investors. Regulators can identify the potential high-risk institutions more accurately by analyzing the default distance of banks, so as to strengthen targeted regulatory measures and ensure the sound operation of the entire banking industry. At the same time, investors can also refer to these analysis results when making investment decisions to understand the credit status and risk levels of different banks, so as to better diversify risks and optimize the investment portfolio. In short, through the analysis of the default distance of banks, we can have a deeper understanding of the differences and potential risk factors in the default risk of banks of different properties, so as to provide strong decision support for regulators and investors.
Evaluation on innovative models of enterprise human resource economic management under intelligent algorithms
Authors: Li Yanrui
Published: January 2025

With the increasing complexity and challenge of human resource economic management, traditional management methods have problems of low management efficiency and high management costs, and are no longer suitable for the needs of modern enterprises. This article aimed to explore innovative models of human resource economic management under intelligent algorithms, in order to improve the efficiency and quality of management. The primary objective of this paper is to employ intelligent algorithms for the optimization of enterprise talent recruitment and selection processes, employee performance evaluation, incentive systems, training and development planning, as well as compensation and welfare systems. The research results showed that under Method 1, the recruitment costs for Manufacturing, Service, and Finance Positions 1 were 67,200 yuan, 68,500 yuan, and 40,600 yuan, respectively. Under Method 2, the recruitment costs for Manufacturing, Service, and Finance Positions 1 were 39,000 yuan, 35,200 yuan, and 38,600 yuan, respectively. The average work performance of employees in Manufacturing, Service, and Finance Positions 1 under Method 2 was 80.20 points, 81.48 points, and 82.94 points, respectively. This article emphasized the application of intelligent algorithms in the innovative mode of enterprise human resource economic management, which improved management efficiency, employee enthusiasm and work quality, and reduced management costs and difficulties.
Leveraging big data in art education: Navigating the intelligent interaction journey with CNN algorithms for steering paths
Authors: Wei Yijia , Yan Chaoyu , Qin Hua
Published: January 2025

This paper firstly investigates the interaction mode of art education and compares the effect of smart interaction with that of traditional classroom. The purpose of the research is using the weighting operation of the original feature map by the convolutional layer to extract the features of the image, integrating the features in the fully connected layer after several convolutional layers, and finally outputting the classification results. Then, the feature extraction backbone network DetNet-59 is constructed by using deformable convolution instead of traditional regular square convolution and combined with cavity convolution to make the model effectively increase the perceptual field. And the CNN intelligence algorithm is improved by adopting the guided region proposal network GA-RPN. Interaction detection performance of the proposed method outperforms all other methods; finally, comparison experiments and ablation experiments are conducted on the classical dataset V-COCO dataset and HICO-DET dataset to verify the effectiveness of the improved algorithm on the recognition of intelligent interaction behaviors in art education. On the V-COCO dataset, we achieved 62.5% mAP and a 3.7% mAP improvement, and the method in this paper outperforms other models by 10.5% mAP. Models utilizing CNN intelligence algorithms are notably more proficient in discerning and reasoning about intelligent interactions.
Dynamic simulation and fatigue life prediction of locomotive traction drive system
Authors: Bao Junhua , Tian Yuhang , Zheng Liqun , He Weidong
Published: January 2025

In this work, a rigid-flexible coupling dynamic model has been established to describe a specific type of locomotive traction drive system, by a parametric modeling method utilizing Creo, Ansys, and RecurDyn software systems comprehensively. With this model, the dynamic characteristics, stress, and deformation results of the system under various working conditions were evaluated via dynamic simulation and modal analysis. These results enable the prediction of contact fatigue strength of driving gear tooth surface for the estimation of its service life. On the basis of theoretical analysis, combined with the performance test of the laboratory bench, the working condition of the test gear pair’s tooth surface under the condition of equivalent load was tested, and the pitting position of the tooth surface was found to be consistent with the simulation analysis. Through the dynamic simulation and fatigue life prediction of the transmission system, it provides a theoretical basis for reasonably improving the efficiency of transmission system parts and setting up the inspection and maintenance cycle.
Anomaly detection system based on K-nearest neighbors and Naive Bayes
Authors: Liu Xiaomei
Published: January 2025

This paper conducts a study and analysis of the SEA dataset, grouping the data and digitizing features to obtain corresponding labels. Subsequently, the K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) algorithm is applied to the dataset to investigate its performance, revealing that the Manhattan distance is the optimal distance formula for researching this problem using the KNN algorithm. The study explicitly selects frequent words chosen by individual users as features for calculation. During the computation process, grid search is employed to find the optimal parameters, and a model is created using these optimal parameters. The paper then applies the Naive Bayes algorithm to the dataset, comparing the strengths and weaknesses of different types of Naive Bayes methods. An analysis is conducted on the differences and advantages/disadvantages of various feature extraction methods, highlighting that the accuracy of Bernoulli Naive Bayes is higher than that of Multinomial Naive Bayes.