bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of sRNA molecules in the rye–leaf rust interaction
Authors: Koter Marek Daniel , Matuszkiewicz Mateusz , Rakoczy-Trojanowska Monika
Published: January 2024

Leaf rust (LR) caused by Puccinia recondita f. sp. secalis (Prs) is one of the most damaging diseases of rye. However, the genetic basis of the rye response to LR remains relatively unknown. Specifically, the involvement of small RNAs (sRNAs) in the rye–Prs interaction has not been characterized. In this study, the changes in various sRNAs in response to LR were revealed in three rye lines (D33, D39, and L318) that vary regarding their immune responses to LR and two Prs isolates that cause compatible (CP) or incompatible (ICP) interactions with the host. The sRNAs were analyzed using miRDeep2 and ShortStack algorithms, with true miRNAs detected on the basis of strict miRNA biosynthesis-related parameters. The differential expression of all sRNAs and miRNAs was analyzed and potential targets (i.e., mRNA) were detected. Additionally, the targets in the CP and ICP host–pathogen interactions were compared. Moreover, different isoforms of miRNAs originating from the same miRNA gene (isomiRs) were manually identified and the diversity in their potential targets were examined. The isomiRs can broaden the range of targets related to plant defense responses to pathogens. For example, UGUGUUCUCAGGUCGCCCCCG targets the transcripts of 11 endoglucanase genes and two superoxide dismutase genes, which encode proteins with plant defense-related functions. A shorter sequence (UCAGGUCGCCCCCGCUGGAG) was revealed to target 16 mRNAs encoding transcription factors, including those from the MADS box family. Finally, miRNA-like RNAs (milRNAs) from Prs and their predicted targets in rye were identified. To examine the effects of the experimental design, the differences in the number of milRNAs between CP and ICP interactions as well as the milRNA expression dynamics at two time-points were analyzed. Compared with the ICP interactions, the CP interactions resulted in more milRNAs, which affected many more genes, including some related to biotic stress responses.
Analysis of the structure of lands disturbed by underground mining of ore deposits
Authors: Ivanov E. A. , Talgamer B. L.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of the work is to study and analyze the structure of the lands disturbed by the mining enterprises of Eastern Siberia and the Far East developing ore deposits. While the issue of disturbed land reclamation is treated today by the project documentation of the mining enterprises as an aggregate plan, there is a risk of leaving the lands without due attention after the completion of mining operations. The conducted study included the analysis of the disturbed land structure according to the project documentation and field observations at four mining enterprises. As a result, the nature of the disturbed land sites and their area was determined. The field research revealed disturbances not provided by the projects and requiring extraordinary solutions to eliminate them. The average structure of disturbed lands under underground mining of ore deposits was determined, its differences from the similar structure under open-pit mining were identified. It has been proven that the activities of mining enterprises involved in the underground development of ore deposits and reclamation of disturbed lands lack due attention, which leads to the growth in technogenic relief area and adverse environmental impacts. The presented research methodology includes field work with the visits to mining enterprises, as well as the analysis of design solutions and satellite images.
Treatment of metastatic сlear cell renal cell carcinoma: focus on a group of patients with favourable prognosis
Authors: Rumyantsev A. A.
Published: January 2024

Current clinical guidelines of various domestic and foreign professional communities indicate combination regimens as an option for the first-line therapy for metastatic сlear cell renal cell carcinoma, regardless of the patient’s prognosis group. This review article is devoted to the analysis of the current evidence base for the use of different variants of combination therapy regimens in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma and assessment of the role of single-component cancer therapy options in the initial treatment of this disease. We reviewed the results of studies of current immuno-oncology therapy regimens in the first-line renal cell carcinoma therapy with a focus on a favourable prognosis group, taking into account the latest updates from the studies evaluating the efficacy of combination treatments (pembrolizumab/axitinib, pembrolizumab/lenvatinib, nivolumab/cabozantinib, avelumab/axitinib). We found that although the use of certain combinations of immunooncology and targeted drugs give better results of disease control, objective response and progression-free survival rates, none of the studied combinations to date has shown a significant increase in overall patient survival rates, which is a key treatment efficacy indicator in metastatic cancer. Conclusions drawn from this review indicate that monotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as sunitinib or pazopanib, appears to be sufficient and optimal from a clinical and economic point of view in the treatment of a favourable prognosis group. For patients with a favourable prognosis, tyrosine kinase inhibitor monotherapy may be a primary rather than an alternative therapeutic option until the benefit of combinations in terms of overall survival rates has been showed.
Combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab in patients with inoperable hepatocellular cancer in real clinical practice
Authors: Petkau V. V. , Shemetov D. Yu. , Semenova K. O. , Chubenko V. A. , Sultanbaev A. V. , Menshikov K. V. , Novikova O. Yu. , Orlova R. V. , Popova N. V. , Antipin A. S. , Mukhitova M. R. , Tarkhanov A. A. , Kiseleva K. E.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. In the structure of Russian cancer incidence, malignant neoplasms (MN) of the liver occupy 1.61%. Patients with initially unresectable hepatocellular cancer (HCC) or progressive HCC after local treatment methods, in the absence of contraindications, are subject to systemic therapy.

Aim. To evaluate the direct effectiveness and long-term results of treatment of patients with inoperable HCC with the combination of atezolizumab and bevacizumab in real clinical practice.

Materials and methods. A multicenter (7 centers) retrospective observational study was conducted. It includes 56 previously untreated patients and 12 pretreated patients with a confirmed diagnosis of HCC who were treated with atezolizumab and bevacizumab. The male to female ratio was 2:1, with an average age of 60 years. ECOG 0-1 was in 86.8%, Child-Pugh liver function A – in 76.5%, B – in 23.5%, macroscopic portal vein invasion – in 27.9%, extrahepatic spread – in 35.3%, AFP more than 400 IU/ml – in 38.2%.

Results. Use of the atezolizumab and bevacizumab regimen as a first line led to a partial response in 7 patients (12.5%), to stabilization in 39 (69.6%), to progression in 10 (17.9%). The disease control rate was 82.1%, median progression free survival (PFS) was 9.9 months (95% confidence interval (CI) 6.2-n/a). Median overall survival (OS) was not reached (95% CI 10.2-n/a). PFS was significantly influenced by the functional state of the liver according to the Child-Pugh scale. Median PFS in class A was 18.0 months, in class B – 5.6 months: HR 2.54; 95% CI 0.92–7.05; p = 0.03.

Conclusion. The atezolizumab and bevacizumab regimen in real clinical practice demonstrates tolerability of therapy and treatment results that are not inferior to the data obtained in the registration study. No new adverse events were identified.
Place of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in the first line of treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Sergeeva A. V. , Manukyan M. Sh. , Polyakov A. N. , Bazin I. S.
Published: January 2024

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Russia and worldwide is steadily increasing over time. The majority of HCC patients are diagnosed at a late stage of the disease, which is not suitable for potentially curative treatment methods. Before the emergence of new treatment regimens, the median overall survival for this condition was just over one year. Studying combinations of immunotherapy and targeted therapy has improved clinical outcomes compared to monotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, but the new treatment regimens cannot be prescribed to all patients with advanced HCC. The combination of atezolizumab with bevacizumab may be prescribed to eligible patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma who do not have varicose veins and have no history of hypertensive crises. In real clinical practice, it is extremely difficult to select patients who meet the inclusion criteria for clinical trials. Monotherapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors is also effective regardless of the etiology of HCC development and can be prescribed to patients with signs of liver insufficiency (Child-Pugh B) as opposed to combined therapy. Double immunotherapy has shown its efficacy in second-line treatment, and in the future, these combinations may also demonstrate their effectiveness in first-line treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. There is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of immunotherapy in patients awaiting liver transplantation. For this category of patients, the drugs of choice are lenvatinib and sorafenib. The article highlights the specific considerations in choosing the treatment regimen based on the etiology of the disease, treatment goals, concomitant patient conditions, and the presence/severity of liver insufficiency.
Clinical and economic evaluation of the use of enteral nutrition products
Authors: Loskutova E. E. , Kurashov M. M. , Radysh I. V. , Galkina G. A. , Savastenko A. L. , Klochkova S. V.
Published: January 2024

Introduction. The development and study of new enteral nutrition (EN) formulas is a major challenge to modern practical medicine. The creation of enteral nutrition products, which in addition to their intrinsic nutritional properties have detoxifying properties, will contribute to enhanced clinical efficacy and more active recovery of patients.

Aim. To conduct a comparative pharmaco-economic analysis of the effectiveness of using new domestic products for enteral nutrition produced by LEOVIT Nutrio (Russia), which have detoxifying activity, and products from other manufacturers.

Materials and methods. The studies were carried out using standard cost-effectiveness analysis techniques. A comparative analysis of following products:Nutrien Standard (JSC Infaprim, Russia), Supportan drink (FreseniusKabi, Germany), Nutridrink compact protein (Nutricia, Holland) and Peptamen (Nestle, Switzerland), Detoxifying Protein Cocktail, Restoring Protein Cocktail and Detoxifying Drink (LEOVIT Nutrio LLC, Russia).

Results and discussion. Calculations for all analyzed economic parameters showed the advantages of using new domestic products for enteral nutrition. It was found that the total direct costs for enteral nutrition in the group of cancer patients who additionally took a detoxification cocktail were the smallest and amounted to 3332.0 rub, the increase in blood protein concentration over 14 days of therapy was 11.1 g/l, and for albumin over the indicated period is 6.7 g/l. Compared to products from other manufacturers, the lowest cost in relation to the achieved effect (CER) was observed when using a restorative cocktail – 305.69 rub. for protein and 512.62 rub. by albumin. The total direct costs for enteral nutrition in the group of patients who took the Detoxification Drink in comparison with other products on the Russian market were also the lowest and amounted to 840.00 rubles.

Conclusions. The authors concluded that there are significant economic advantages of using the new domestic enteral nutrition LEOVIT compared to other products and consider them as the product of choice when providing enteral protein nutrition to patients with various diseases accompanied by intoxication of the organism.
ESTRESSE TOXICOLÓGICO EM UM RIO ALTAMENTE IMPACTADO NO AMBIENTE PORTUÁRIO DE SANTOS, SP
Authors: Ventura Maria , Curraladas Isadora , dos Santos Marco , Boim Mirian , Maquigusa Edgar , Bastos Paula , Sarkis Jorge , Hortellani Marcos , Oliveira-Sales Elizabeth
Published: January 2024

TOXICOLOGICAL STRESS IN A HIGHLY IMPACTED RIVER FROM THE PORT ENVIRONMENT OF SANTOS, SP. There are many stilts and industry, which discharge sewage, domestic garbage and industrial effluents in the Pouca Saúde River from the port environment of Santos, São Paulo (SP) State. However, ecotoxicological studies in this river are rare. In this study, we seek to fill this gap by analyzing physicochemical, toxicological, and chemical conditions. Surface water and sediment samples were collected at 2 sampling sites with riparian community activities and industrial activities in the summer, autumn, winter and spring. The parameters analyzed were pH, alkalinity, turbidity, salinity, oils, greases, dissolved oxygen (DO), toxicological and cytotoxicity with mitotic index (MI) of onion roots using Allium cepa roots, and concentration of Pb, Zn, Hg, Ni and Cd. Our results showed alterations in the DO, turbidity, oils/greases and reduction of MI when compared to the respective control. Ni and Zn in sediment samples presented concentrations exceeding levels occasionally associated with adverse biological effects “threshold effect level”. These results suggested that the water quality of the Pouca Saúde River is influenced by both presences of heavy metals contamination and the seasons, i.e. by the tide. Thus, the toxic potential monitoring carried out in this study is of paramount importance to this river.
Carbon pricing world wide
Authors:   Russian Foreign Trade Academy, Ismagilova Olga
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the features of existing carbon pricing policies in different countries. While some countries have only a carbon tax and others a cap-and-trade system, there are jurisdictions that combine them. The differences in the existing cap-and-trade systems and carbon taxes in selected countries — both in terms of sectors and emissions covered, as well as carbon prices are shown. As it appeared to be at least 70 different carbon pricing initiatives at the national and subnational levels, they cover less than ¼ of global GHG emissions. Examples of fuel excise tax — still most common indirect carbon pricing mechanism in the world — are highlighted. The assessment by international organizations and national agencies of effective carbon rates are given, which vary by countries and potential effects for the global decarbonization. According to the working assumption, effective climate change policies must include a mix of regulatory actions combining restrictions and control over emissions as well as economic incentives. This article describes mechanisms of bilateral and international cooperation on emission pricing and provides examples of voluntary standards for verification and validation of climate change projects. Despite proposals of different international organizations, there has been no agreement so far on an international carbon price floor. However, in 2021, negotiators closed a deal setting global rules for carbon markets, allowing countries that have emission units to trade them. The world’s first major carbon border tax — a Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) will introduce a carbon price on certain products imported into the EU.
Digital assets, crypto-assets and digitаl currencies: Economic content and potential of convergence
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Kochergin Dmitry ,   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Science, Andryushin Sergey ,   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Science
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to researching the nature of new economic categories (digital assets, cryptoassets and digital currencies) and identifying their essential features and functional relationships between them. The study developed an original interpretation and classification of cryptoassets and digital currencies, proposed a decision tree for attributing a digital asset to a particular type, identified the features of issuance and circulation of various cryptoassets and digital currencies. The study showed that not all digital assets are cryptoassets or digital currencies. Cryptoassets should be considered as the most important and most numerous type of digital assets. According to the author’s classification, cryptoassets can be categorized into two main types: virtual currencies and digital tokens. The former perform mainly a payment and/or savings function, while the latter perform an investment and/or utilitarian function. The two main subspecies of virtual currencies are cryptocurrencies and stablecoins. Cryptocurrencies have neither an identifiable issuer nor collateral, but are characterized by intrinsic value (bitcoin) or imputed value (altcoins). Stablecoins typically have an identifiable issuer and use various reserve assets to maintain a stable market value. In terms of functionality, virtual currencies, like new digital forms of fiat money issued by central banks (central bank digital currencies) or commercial banks (tokenised deposits), can perform all or some monetary functions. The latter becomes possible due to the public consensus reached by users even in the absence of regulation of virtual currency circulation. According to the authors, modern digital currencies exist in four main forms: central bank digital currencies, tokenised deposits, stablecoins and cryptocurrencies. The potential of convergence between crypto assets and digital currencies is revealed at the instrumental, infrastructural, consumer, institutional and regulatory levels.
Digitalization of market interactions of Russian enterprises
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Gerasimenko Valentina , Kurbatskii Aleksei ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Kurkova Dina ,   Lomonosov Moscow State University
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to investigate one of the problems of digitalization of market relations in the modern Russian economy. The article examines the peculiarities of market behavior of domestic companies in terms of their implementation of digital technologies in the process of interaction with consumers, which is realized through communication and sales channels, and is characterized as omnichannel. The research question that forms the subject of this study is to determine the direction and level of sales channel integration and identify how it relates to the company’s data practices. The study identified trends, parameters and barriers to digitalization in the implementation of digital tools in the management of interaction with market participants. The article presents a systematic analysis of modern theoretical approaches to the formation of a sales channels and communication strategy of companies, systematizes the parameters affecting its development, as well as factors limiting the digital transformation of marketing in Russian companies. The research reveals trends, parameters and barriers to the introduction of digital tools in the management of interaction with market participants. The results of the empirical study have applied significance for Russian enterprises; they allowed us to analyze the level of digitalization of marketing strategies and to verify the relevant hypotheses. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, clustering methods, regression trees and logit models were used to obtain statistically sound conclusions. R and Excel packages were used for data processing and calculations. The field of application of the study results is the management of sales channels and digital communications in Russian business. The results of the empirical study showed that the factors of weak developed data culture and the associated lack of integration of sales and communication channels act as a key obstacle to the development of omni-channel strategies. The results demonstrate the potential of digitalization of management in Russian companies, the directions of training of qualified specialists, as well as the development of affordable and easy-to-use IT solutions.
The begining of the 20th century: spelling features and punctuation in the process of approbation the letter usul-sotie (tote zhazu) in the newspaper «Kazakh» (1913-1918)
Authors:   A. Baitursynuly Institute of Linguistics, Mamynova Bagdan K. , Anes Garifolla K. ,   Museum of Victims of Political Repressions, Anessova Umit G. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: January 2024

Changes and innovations in the language are normalized by writing. Writing is not only marks the sounds of a language, but is also a factor in determining the future of a language both in the past and in the present. The main goal of writing is to ensure the discreteness of the audible word and the uniform recognition of the word, even if it is repeated many times in different contexts using the alphabet. In the history of Kazakh culture, the reformed letter of A. Baitursunuly «usul-jadid» (tote zhazu) was very important. Writing or the so-called tote zhazu played a significant role in enlightenment, in writing the first textbooks and teaching guide in the Kazakh language, in the development of literacy, as well as in the development of periodicals. The reformed alphabet of A. Baitursynuly showed and introduced to the scientific community the entire Kazakh people, as well as the first bright minds of the Kazakh intelligentsia. With the help of the usul-jadid, the Kazakh intelligentsia under the leadership of A. Baitursunuly, at the beginning of the 20th century, published the newspaper of national importance «Kazakh». In this regard, the article touches upon the issues of spelling, punctuation, problems of Kazakh writing in the early twentieth century. Moreover launch of «Kazakh» newspaper is considered as a start of the systematization and codification of the literary Kazakh language and national journalistic style.
Connotation and Denotation of 公示语 (Public Sign) and 语言景观 (Linguistic Landscape)
Authors:   Center for Translation Studies of Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Liu Lifen ,   Center For Russian Language, Literature and Culture Studies of Heilongjiang University
Published: January 2024

Terminology is the crystallization of human scientific knowledge in language, and its standardization directly affects the development of a discipline. The correct and standardized use of terminology plays an important role for a discipline. The four basic features of a term are professionalism, scientificity, monosemy and systematicness. The form and content of a term must correspond to each other, that is, a term only represents one concept (monosemy); a concept has only one reference (single name). The practical significance of this study embodies Chinese scholars’ interest in the study of public signs and linguistic landscape because these two terms are similar, overlapped and confused. Therefore, it is necessary to distinguish between these two terms and their concepts. This paper analyzes the conceptual similarities and differences between public signs and the linguistic landscape from many angles. These two concepts are similar in content, but not identical. The purpose of this study is to clarify the vague understanding of public signs and language landscape in academic circles, standardize the use of academic terms, and provide correct definitions for the compilation of terminology dictionaries.
Turkish-American Relations during the National Struggle and the Government of Ankara: 1919–1923
Authors:   Ganja State University, Ismailov Ismail A.
Published: January 2024

During the National Struggle led by Mustafa Kemal Pasha and the Ankara government formed by the Grand National Assembly of Turkey, Turkey’s most important goal in foreign policy was to establish an independent and national state. Meanwhile, the United States closely watched the struggle and tried to keep relations with Turkey under control. The reason for this was the steps taken by the United States to get to know the National Struggle Movement and the agenda of the issue of us mandate in Turkey. At the Paris conference, the United Kingdom offered the United States a mandate over Turkey, and in a week later on Istanbul and The Straits, as well as New Armenia, which would be established on the territory of Turkey. However, although the United States was initially interested in this mandate, it did not accept it in the end according to public opinion. As a result, at the Lausanne conference, the tendency of rapprochement has increased between Turkey and the United States. On August 6, 1923, a new agreement was signed between Turkey and the United States. The agreement signed between US Ambassador to Switzerland Joseph Clark Kru and Ismet Inonu regulated political and commercial relations. Despite the agreement, Turkish-American official relations still did not start immediately. However, as a result of the policy put forward by Mustafa Kemal Ataturk, these relations began to develop year by year. The development of these relations showed that the events that took place against the backdrop of Turkish-American relations and the accumulated experience are always very interesting and important from the point of view of the international community and history. In this article, the relations between Turkey and the United States during the National Struggle period have been studied.
Interrogating the Commoditization of Force in the Sahel Region: A Case Study of Mali
Authors:   University of Ilorin, Mbombo Jean-Marie Kasonga , Raji Shittu Adewole ,   University of Ilorin
Published: January 2024

Intra-state conflicts are on the rise in many parts of Africa where armed non-state actors strive to take over political power from legitimate authority. In an attempt to overcome such armed confrontations and restore peace, weak nations would seek external assistance and sometimes make secret deals with private military companies that specialize in intelligence gathering, training of fighters, and supply of state-of-the-art weaponry. Using Mali as a case study, this desk study relies on secondary data available online and in print. It attempts to address the question as to how the French-led multinational forces in the Sahel region of Africa has become an endless conflict since 2013. In the light of the Game Theory, the study has found that the commoditization of force that transforms well-equipped fighters into profit-making contractors is instrumental to the trending nature of war against Islamism. The military takeover in Mali translates the determination of the commander-in-chief to occupy the driver’ seat but no one knows when the fighting will end, given that both multinational forces and insurgents are rational players in the game. The paper recommends a strict adherence to the Geneva antimercenary legislation to curtail the influence of private military companies in conflict zones.
Problems of the constitutional regulation of Internet platforms in United States of America
Authors:   HSE University, Diskin Evgenii
Published: January 2024

In this article, the author explores how a specific understanding of freedom of speech, press, opinion, public-private culture in the United States legal system has played a paradoxically negative role in the development of the Internet platforms from the point of protecting user rights. The question is why big Internet platforms set rules for users in a way that is not in line with the law of the jurisdictions in which they operate, and what role in this is played by the legal interpretation of the First Amendment to the US Constitution, regulations governing the Internet platform in this country. The author is using the comparative-legal method, the method of analysis, the historical-legal method to investigate constitutional guarantees of freedom of speech, which were historically developed in the United States and concludes that due to the specificity of the current legal regulation these guarantees do not actually apply to Internet platforms, which in turn have moved from restricting spam and pornography to mass scale political censorship.
Accreditation of senior investors and consumers through financial literacy testing
Authors:   HSE University, Molodyko Kirill Yu. , Veselsky Victor ,   St. Petersburg State University, Annenkova Karina ,   HSE University
Published: January 2024

In the US and UK, a lot of attention is paid to protecting the rights of older investors and consumers of financial services. In particular, a part of brokers, investment advisers are being tested in the US for understanding of the specifics of working with older investors. However, older investors themselves are only tested for scientific purposes, and the results of such tests have no regulatory implications. In some jurisdictions the brokers rejected the proposals of the regulators to include testing elements into the qualifications of investors. In Russia in 2021 the tests were introduced for non-qualified investors for access to the acquisition of medium-risk assets and margin loans, but without the separate test for elderly investor. We believe that older 63+ investors, given the high probability of dementia development, should be tested for financial literacy by independent from brokers universities annually. Testing should be separate for traditional products and cryptoassets respectively. Depending on the result of the test and the personal desire of the elderly investor, such dynamic restrictions may be introduced as the bans on purchasing certain products, margin loans, purchasing financial products remotely, also mandatory video recording of purchasing a product in the office, as well as a ‘second hand’, that is, confirmation all or major transactions by a family member. Testing will protect not older investors only but also the brokers, investment advisers from being accused of selling nonsuitable products to these clients.
COVID-19 cases, vaccination, and SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater: insights from a Brazilian municipality
Authors: Abreu Mariana Aparecida de Freitas , Lopes Bruna Coelho , Assemany Paula Peixoto , Souza Aline dos Reis , Siniscalchi Luciene Alves Batista
Published: January 2024

Vaccines combatting COVID-19 demonstrate the ability to protect against disease and hospitalization, and reduce the likelihood of death caused by SARS-CoV-2. In addition, monitoring viral loads in sewage emerges as another crucial strategy in the epidemiological context, enabling early and collective detection of outbreaks. The study aimed to monitor the viral concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in untreated sewage in a Brazilian municipality. Also, it attempted to correlate these measurements with the number of clinical cases and deaths resulting from COVID-19 between July 2021 and July 2022. SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA was quantified by RT-qPCR. Pearson's correlation was performed to analyze the variables’ relationship using the number of cases, deaths, vaccinated individuals, and viral concentration of SARS-CoV-2. The results revealed a significant negative correlation (p < 0.05) between the number of vaccinated individuals and the viral concentration of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that after vaccination, the RNA viral load concentration was reduced in the sample population by the circulating concentration of wastewater. Consequently, wastewater monitoring, in addition to functioning as an early warning system for the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 and other pathogens, can offer a novel perspective that enhances decision-making, strengthens vaccination campaigns, and contributes to authorities establishing systematic networks for monitoring SARS-CoV-2.
The verb form “poluchayetsya” on the dynamic scale of transitability (“point” study)
Authors: Bogdanova-Beglaryan Natalia V. , Savatieva Svetlana V.
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the dynamic transformations of the verb form poluchaetsya, which, as a result of the action of active processes of oral communication, has passed the way from a finite verb (u menya vs’o poluchayetsya, risunok poluchayetsya krasivym) to a pragmatic marker (tam eto/ poluchayetsya vot eta vot nicheynaya doroga). The study was carried out on the material of the oral subcorpus of NCRL, using the scaling technique. 7 points are marked on the proposed transition scale. At the starting point of the scale (1), the form poluchaetsya appears as an ordinary finite verb (V), in personal (1a) or impersonal (1b) use. At point (2) there is a copula-verb in the structure of a compound nominal predicate in a two-part sentence (the result of the first grammaticalization GRAM1: V → Cop); at points (3)–(4) — a form with an unsubstituted syntactic position in the structure of a complex or union-free complex sentence, the verb here approaches the meaning of the introductory word, which can be considered the result of the ~ GRAM2 (V →~ IntrW); at point (5) poluchaetsya appears already as a full-fledged introductory word (also a GRAM2) (V → IntrW); at point (6), the role of the introductory word is supplemented by the function of a pragmatic delimiter marker, resulting from the pragmaticalization process (there is polyfunctionality) (GRAM2 + PRAGM); finally, at point (7) poluchaetsya completely loses its lexical and grammatical meaning and functions as a hesitative marker (also pragmaticalization) (PRAGM) (V → IntrW → PM). This article is based on a paper presented at the 7th International Research Symposium “Russian Grammar: Constants, Contexts, Perspectives” (October 10–14, 2023, Tyumen, Russia).
Analysis of the influence of the thermophysical parameters of the reservoir and fluid on the process of cyclic steam stimulation
Authors: Gilmanov Alexander Ya. , Kovalchuk Tatiana N. , Skoblikov Rodion M. , Fedorov Anton O. , Khodzhiev Yesinjon N. , Shevelev Alexander P.
Published: January 2024

Currently, the existing models of cyclic steam stimulation do not allow to research the development of the heat front at the stage of steam injection into the reservoir, considering the possible influence of both convective and conductive flows, as well as the properties of the rock and fluid. Knowledge of the dynamics of the development of fronts allows to determine the features of the ongoing physical processes at specific deposits and can be used to optimize the production process. The aim of the work is to analyze the development of the thermal field in rocks with different thermophysical parameters. A hydrodynamic model of the development of the thermal field was developed and calculated on the tNavigator software package for rocks with various thermophysical properties. The model considering the three-dimensional propagation of heat, the properties of reservoir and injected fluids, as well as heat loss into the top and the bottom of the reservoir. The comparison of the maximum dimensions of the heated area calculated according to the developed hydrodynamic model with the results obtained by the integral model is carried out. The dependence of the advance of the thermal front on the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the rock is determined. The thermal front moves much further in rocks with a lower specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity with the same injection volume. It is shown that the convective component of heat exchange weakly depends on the specific heat capacity and the shape of the heat front remains the same in all cases.
Imaging and Histopathological Features Of Primary Thymic Neuroendocrine
Tumor
Authors: Suwal Sushant , Chen Ying-ying , Huang Sui-dan , Li Wei-feng , Chen Huai
Published: January 2024

Objectives::

To investigate CT, MRI, and PET/CT features with histopathological findings of primary thymic neuroendocrine tumor.

Materials and Methods::

All 9 cases with pathologically proven primary thymic neuroendocrine tumors were reviewed retrospectively. Among them, 7 underwent enhanced
CT, 1 with MRI (enhanced) and another with PET/CT scan. Multiple characters were examined, including tumor location, contour, CT attenuation,
enhancement pattern, involvement of surrounding structure and lymphadenopathy.

Results::

Among 9 patients studied, 7 (77%) masses were located in the anterior superior mediastinum, 1 in the anterior superior-middle mediastinum, and 1
in the anterior and middle mediastinum. The maximum diameter (longitudinal) ranged from 4.2 to 23 cm (mean ± standard deviation, 9.5 cm ±
2.8). Four masses had irregular, 3 had lobulated, and 2 had smooth contours, while 8 masses had clear margins and 1 had an ill-defined margin. Six
masses showed heterogeneous attenuation with necrotic/cystic component (n=5), calcification (n=2) and hemorrhage(n=1), and 3 showed
homogeneous attenuation on the non-enhanced image. After contrast administration, 8 masses showed heterogeneous attenuation, and 1 showed
homogeneous attenuation with tumor vessels visible in 4 masses. Among all, 8 masses showed strong enhancement, and 1 showed moderate
enhancement in comparison to muscles in the anterior thoracic wall on enhanced images. Involvement of adjacent mediastinal structures was
observed in 5 cases. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that the tumor cells were positive for CgA, Syn, CK, CD56 and EMA.

Conclusion::

Primary NETs are large masses located anterior superior mediastinum, irregular in contour, showing heterogeneous attenuation with necrotic/cystic
component and strong heterogeneous enhancement with tumor vessels, compressing local mediastinal structures. In addition, immunohistochemical
examination is required in such a diagnosis.
Studi Manajemen Konstruksi Proyek Pembangunan Tanggul National Capital Integrated Coastal Development (NCICD) Kali Adem
Authors: - Muhammad Fahmi , Pitojo Tri Juwono  , Muhammad Amar Sajali
Published: January 2024

Sebuah sistem manajemen konstruksi dibutuhkan untuk memungkinkan pengaturan kegiatan, distribusi sumber daya dan melewati hambatan saat melaksanakan proyek Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan proyek Tanggul NCICD agar dapat memenuhi standar kualitas, anggaran, dan kendala jadwal yang dipersyaratkan sekaligus menyelesaikan proyek sesuai jadwal. Untuk mempercepat pelaksanaan proyek, analisis masalah dilakukan dengan membuat timeline proyek dan menghadirkan alternatif lain. Terdapat dua opsi alternatif yang akan digunakan untuk mengatasi permasalahan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu dengan memperpanjang durasi jam kerja harian dan menambahkan penggunaan peralatan berat. Berdasarkan analisis, disimpulkan bahwa opsi penambahan jam kerja harian menghasilkan peningkatan efisiensi waktu sebanyak 7,80% dengan pengurangan perkiraan biaya sebesar 5.59% dibandingkan dengan nilai kontrak. Sementara itu, penambahan alat berat menghasilkan peningkatan efisiensi waktu sebanyak. 5,67% dan dengan pengurangan perkiraan biaya 1.91% dibandingkan dengan nilai kontrak. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini, opsi penambahan jam kerja dianggap sebagai pilihan terbaik berdasarkan pertimbangan durasi dan biaya dibandingkan dengan semua alternatif pada proyek Tanggul NCICD.
Discours prométhéen sur les réseaux sociaux numériques : le cas de François Legault sur Instagram.
Authors: Lippert Erica
Published: January 2024

Alors que les recherches en linguistique sur le discours environnemental et écologique se sont multipliées, cet article propose d’en élargir la portée, en analysant la communication effectuée sur les réseaux sociaux numériques d’un politicien francophone, François Legault, premier ministre du Québec. Si l’écologie politique est devenue un sujet systématiquement abordé par les politiciens et les médias depuis les années 2010, il reste intéressant de percevoir à quels imaginaires sociodiscursifs de l’environnement et à quelles émotions les énonciateurs ont recours lorsqu’ils visent la captation de leur public. Cette contribution permet de voir en quoi le discours d’un politicien nord-américain, en 2019 sur Instagram, se sert d’imaginaires mécanistes et d’émotions positives, par le biais d’images et de textes, pour prôner l’articulation de la croissance économique à la transition écologique. Pour ce faire, on met à l’épreuve ici la typologie de discours sur l’environnement de John S. Dryzek et l’outillage de l’Analyse du discours à la française et de l’argumentation.
Cera, Agostino (2023), A Philosophical Journey into the Anthropocene. Discovering Terra Incognita
Authors: Pennacchioni Giulio
Published: January 2024

Book review of: Cera, Agostino (2023), A Philosophical Journey into the Anthropocene. Discovering Terra Incognita.
Editorial
Authors: Mendes João , Mendes Maria do Carmo
Published: January 2024

Editorial do nº 4
Brain Activation During Virtual Reality Symptom Provocation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: Proof-of-Concept Study (Preprint)
Authors: van Bennekom Martine J , van Wingen Guido , Bruin Willem Benjamin , Luigjes Judy , Denys Damiaan
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a psychiatric disorder characterized by obsessions and compulsions. We previously showed that a virtual reality (VR) game can be used to provoke and measure anxiety and compulsions in patients with OCD. Here, we investigated whether this VR game activates brain regions associated with symptom provocation.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we aim to investigate the neural regions that are activated in patients with OCD when they are interactively confronted with a symptom-provoking event and when they are performing compulsive actions in VR.

METHODS

In a proof-of-concept study, we investigated brain activation in response to the VR game in 9 patients with OCD and 9 healthy controls. Participants played the VR game while regional changes in blood oxygenation were measured using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We investigated brain activation in relation to OCD-related events and virtual compulsions in the VR game. Due to low statistical power because of the sample size, we also reported results at trend significance level with a threshold of P<.10. Additionally, we investigated correlations between OCD severity and brain activation.

RESULTS

We observed a trend for increased activation in the left amygdala (P=.07) upon confrontation with OCD-related events and for increased activation in the bilateral amygdala (P=.06 and P=.09) and right insula (P=.09) when performing virtual compulsive actions in patients with OCD compared to healthy controls, but this did not attain statistical significance. The amygdala and insula activation did not correlate with OCD severity.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of this proof-of-concept study indicate that VR elicits brain activation in line with previous provocation studies. Our findings need to be replicated in a study with a larger sample size. VR may be used as an innovative and unique method of interactive symptom provocation in future neuroimaging studies.

CLINICALTRIAL

Netherlands Trial Register NTR6420; https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/nl/trial/25755
Application of Failure Mode and Effects Analysis to Improve the Quality of the Front Page of Electronic Medical Records in China: Cross-Sectional Data Mapping Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Zhan Siyi , Ding Liping , Li Hui , Su Aonan
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND

The completeness and accuracy of the front pages of electronic medical records (EMRs) are crucial for evaluating hospital performance and for health insurance payments to inpatients. However, the quality of the first page of EMRs in China's medical system is not satisfactory, which can be partly attributed to deficiencies in the EMR system. Failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) is a proactive risk management tool that can be used to investigate the potential failure modes in an EMR system and analyze the possible consequences.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to preemptively identify the potential failures of the EMR system in China and their causes and effects in order to prevent such failures from recurring. Further, we aimed to implement corresponding improvements to minimize system failure modes.

METHODS

From January 1, 2020, to May 31, 2022, 10 experts, including clinicians, engineers, administrators, and medical record coders, in Zhejiang People’s Hospital conducted FMEA to improve the quality of the front page of the EMR. The completeness and accuracy of the front page and the risk priority numbers were compared before and after the implementation of specific improvement measures.

RESULTS

We identified 2 main processes and 6 subprocesses for improving the EMR system. We found that there were 13 potential failure modes, including data messaging errors, data completion errors, incomplete quality control, and coding errors. A questionnaire survey administered to random physicians and coders showed 7 major causes for these failure modes. Therefore, we established quality control rules for medical records and embedded them in the system. We also integrated the medical insurance system and the front page of the EMR on the same interface and established a set of intelligent front pages in the EMR management system. Further, we revamped the quality management systems such as communicating with physicians regularly and conducting special training seminars. The overall accuracy and integrity rate of the front page (P<.001) of the EMR increased significantly after implementation of the improvement measures, while the risk priority number decreased.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we were able to identify the potential failure modes in the front page of the EMR system by using the FMEA method and implement corresponding improvement measures in order to minimize recurring errors in the health care services in China.