bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Profiling Parent’s Responses to Children’s Anxiety: A Qualitative Study Combined with Multiple Correspondence and Cluster Analyses
Authors: Beato Ana F. , Rosa Pedro J.
Published: August 2024

Parental influence and children’s anxiety have a complex interaction. Robust findings revealed that parenting styles and practices, modeling, and parent-child emotion socialization play a role in a child’s anxiety. However, research has focused on global behavioral and emotional tendencies derived from quantitative studies with large samples, neglecting their link to parental cognitive factors and the heterogeneity of the family’s distinctive experiences. Our study aimed to broaden this knowledge, capture what parents think, feel, and behave during anxiety-enhancing childhood experiences, and identify distinct parental profiles based on these complementary elements. The present study adopted a cross-sectional qualitative design. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 65 parents of children with anxiety disorders (9–12 years old). A content analysis was first performed, and then representations of the associations between the emergent categories obtained from the content analysis, and latent constructs that can work as major determinants in parents’ responses to the child’s anxiety, were assessed by a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) combined with a hierarchical clustering algorithm. Parental cognitions, emotions, and behaviors are first derived into two distinct dimensions: capacity to respond and emotional reactivity. Three typological profiles of parents were derived from these dimensions: (a) Reactive and ineffective; (b) Unreactive and moderately effective, and (c) Anxious and effective. The qualitative exploration of parental cognitions, emotions, and behaviors in a child’s anxiety context contributes to engrossing the current literature. Our results have essential implications and the need to adjust treatments in clinical settings according to parents’ profiles.
Incidence and risk factors for first and recurrent ICD shock therapy in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator
Authors: Frodi Diana My , Diederichsen Søren Zöga , Xing Lucas Yixi , Spona Daniel Camillo , Jacobsen Peter Karl , Risum Niels , Svendsen Jesper Hastrup
Published: August 2024

Background

Advances in medical treatment and outcomes in implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) recipients incentivize a need for improved candidate selection and identification of risk factors for ICD therapy. We examined contemporary rates of and risk factors for ICD therapy.

Methods

Patients with ICD for primary (PP) or secondary prevention (SP), implanted between January 2010 and December 2020, were followed for appropriate and inappropriate incident and recurrent shock.

Results

Overall, 2998 patients (mean age 61.8 ± 12.7 years, 20% female, 73% ICD carriers, and 47.1% SP) were analyzed with a median follow-up of 4.3 (interquartile range (IQR) 2.1–7.4) years. A total of 426/2998 (14.2%) patients had shock; 364/2998 (12.1%) had appropriate and 82/2998 (2.7%) inappropriate shock, with annualized event rates of 2.34 (2.11–2.59) and 0.49 (0.39–0.61) per 100 person-years, respectively. Of those with shock, 133/364 (36.5%) experienced recurrent appropriate shock and 8/364 (2.2%) received recurrent inappropriate shock, with event rates of 10.57 (8.85–12.53) and 0.46 (0.20–0.92), respectively.

In multivariable analyses, female sex was associated with a reduced risk of incident appropriate shock (hazard ratio 0.69 [95% confidence interval 0.52; 0.91]). Of other variables, only revascularization status was associated with recurrent appropriate shock in PP, and CRT-D with recurrent appropriate shock in the overall cohort.

Conclusion

One in eight ICD recipients received appropriate shock 2–7 years after guideline-directed implantation. More than one-third of patients with a first shock experienced recurrent shock. Few clinical variables showed potential in predicting shocks, illustrating a need for more advanced tools to select candidates for implantation.

Graphical Abstract
Environmentally friendly p-type CTS-based thin-film thermoelectric generator
Authors: Bernard Tanguy , Malagutti Marcelo Augusto , Lohani Ketan , D’Incau Mirco , Ataollahi Narges , Scardi Paolo
Published: August 2024

Cu-based sulphides are promising materials for environmentally friendly Te-free thermoelectric generators (TEGs). Cu2SnS3 (CTS) stands out for its electronic properties, stemming from its conductive Cu–S networks, especially in fully disordered cubic structural form. While wet chemical techniques are the most utilized for CTS synthesis, they introduce organic contaminants that reduce electronic connectivity between grains, limiting their performance as in-plane thin-film TEGs. We present a new method to improve the electronic properties of CTS thin films for thermoelectric applications involving three-step dry route synthesis of ball milling, thermal evaporation, and sulfurization of Cu2–Sn metallic precursors. Via this method, charge carrier concentration increased significantly, as estimated by Hall effect analysis, which was attributed to the Cu-poor stoichiometry, also confirmed via energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDXS). Microstructural analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed micrometre-sized grains composed of even smaller crystalline domains, which X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed to be ~ 50 nm in diameter. When compared with literature results, our procedure leads to a fourfold enhancement in the thermoelectric power factor ($$PF={S}^{2} \sigma$$

P
F
=

S

2

σ

), determined through the Seebeck coefficient measurements ($$S$$
S
) and electronic conductivity (σ) estimated by the van der Pauw technique. The CTS TEG has a power volume density of 2.3 μW K−1 cm−3, measured by a custom current–voltage–power (I–V–P) setup with varying load resistance. Results present a 100% increase in performance compared to ink-based techniques and were reproducible across three different batches. This strategy, improving the density of the CTS thin films, offers a new way to enhance Cu-based thin-film TEGs.
A Case-Study of Metoclopramide Prescription Error : A Grim Reminder
Authors: Wallet Florent , Doudet Charlotte , Theissen Alexandre , Friggeri Arnaud , Vacheron Charles-Hervé
Published: August 2024

The integration of Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) systems in hospitals has been instrumental in reducing medication errors and enhancing patient safety. This study examines the implications of a software oversight in a CPOE system : Metoclopramide had a concentrated formulation (100 mg) delisted (and then not manufactured) in 2014 due to safety concerns. Despite this, the CPOE system continued to accept prescriptions for this formulation because it was not removed from the medication library by the pharmacist. The objective of our study was to describe this specific prescription error related to an outdated the medication library of the CPOE. We analyzed all metoclopramide prescriptions from 2014, to 2023. Our findings showed that errors involving 100 mg or more dosages were relatively rare, at 2.98 per 1000 prescriptions (34 errors in 11,372 prescriptions). Notably, 47.1% of these errors occurred during on-call shifts, and 68% of these errors led to actual administration. These errors correlated with periods of higher nurse workload. The findings advocate for the integration of dedicated pharmacists into ICU teams to minimize medication errors and enhance patient outcomes, and a proactive medication management in healthcare.
Fluorescence and electron transfer of Limnospira indica functionalized biophotoelectrodes
Authors: Ryzhkov Nikolay , Colson Nora , Ahmed Essraa , Pobedinskas Paulius , Haenen Ken , Janssen Paul J. , Braun Artur
Published: August 2024

Cyanobacteria play a crucial role in global carbon and nitrogen cycles through photosynthesis, making them valuable subjects for understanding the factors influencing their light utilization efficiency. Photosynthetic microorganisms offer a promising avenue for sustainable energy conversion in the field of photovoltaics. It was demonstrated before that application of an external electric field to the microbial biofilm or cell improves electron transfer kinetics and, consequently, efficiency of power generation. We have integrated live cyanobacterial cultures into photovoltaic devices by embedding Limnospira indica PCC 8005 cyanobacteria in agar and PEDOT:PSS matrices on the surface of boron-doped diamond electrodes. We have subjected them to varying external polarizations while simultaneously measuring current response and photosynthetic performance. For the latter, we employed Pulse-Amplitude-Modulation (PAM) fluorometry as a non-invasive and real-time monitoring tool. Our study demonstrates an improved light utilization efficiency for L. indica PCC 8005 when immobilized in a conductive matrix, particularly so for low-intensity light. Simultaneously, the impact of electrical polarization as an environmental factor influencing the photosynthetic apparatus diminishes as matrix conductivity increases. This results in only a slight decrease in light utilization efficiency for the illuminated sample compared to the dark-adapted state.
The scope of consensual deprivation indices for Mexico: reliability, criterion validity and invariance analyses
Authors: Najera Hector , Vargas Delfino , Cortés Fernando
Published: August 2024

Relative deprivation theory has been successfully and consistently applied for measuring poverty in many developed countries and to less extent in developing countries. This study uses data from two rounds from the ENCOVID19 survey and structural equation modelling to analyse from an empirical perspective the scope of the relative deprivation theory and the consensual approach to measure poverty in Mexico. The study employs an array of latent variable modelling methods to assess the degree of measurement error (reliability), criterion validity, and measurement invariance between two time points. The results show that the amount of error is satisfactorily low, and that the scores of the relative deprivation index lead to a reliable and valid classification of the poor and the not poor groups. The findings are consistent with recent calls made by the conceptual and empirical literature about the need of updating poverty data to improve the quality of the measurement of poverty.
A systematic review of health state utility values for older people with acute myeloid leukaemia
Authors: Button Elise , Carter Hannah , Gavin Nicole C. , LeBlanc Thomas W. , McCaffrey Nikki
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Older people with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) have a poor prognosis, reduced health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and require substantial healthcare resources. The objectives of this systematic review were to determine what health state utility values (HSUVs) are reported in the literature that can be used in economic evaluations of interventions for older people with AML, identify research gaps, and discuss directions for future research.

Methods

The following databases were searched for studies published from inception until Feb 2023: PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane, and EconLit. Studies were included if they reported on HSUVs of people with AML >60 years, or HRQoL data that could be mapped to HSUVs using currently published algorithms.

Results

Of 532 studies identified, 7 met inclusion (4 full studies and 3 conference abstracts). Twenty-eight potentially eligible studies were excluded as they did not report HRQoL measures in sufficient detail to be mapped to utility values. Included studies reported on health states of newly diagnosed disease (n=4 studies), intensive therapy (n=1 study), controlled remission (n=3 studies), and relapsed or refractory disease (n=2 studies). No studies reported on low intensity therapy or supportive care health states. Utility values were largely reported via the EuroQol and ranged from 0.535 (intensive therapy) to 0.834 (controlled remission).

Conclusion

There are gaps in knowledge on HSUVs for older people with AML, particularly for certain treatment-related health states. Future articles should publish comprehensive HRQoL outcomes to enable use in economic evaluation.
Analysis of chicken and pig DNA content in commercial dry foods for adult cats
Authors: Kępińska-Pacelik Jagoda , Biel Wioletta , Natonek-Wiśniewska Małgorzata , Krzyścin Piotr
Published: August 2024

Among pets, cats are the most popular in Europe. Despite the fact, the interest in the safety and quality of their food is much lower compared to the interest of caregivers in the nutrition of dogs. In this research, 27 commercial cat foods were analyzed for mislabeled component composition. Cat foods were divided into a control group, a group of fish foods and a group of other foods with alternative sources of animal protein. Chicken and pig DNA detection was performed using real-time PCR. In this research, 100% of the cat foods contained chicken DNA and 96% of the foods – pig DNA, despite the lack of declaration of these ingredients on the product label. The results indicate that cat food appear to be mislabeled to an even greater extent than dog food. Moreover, manufacturers’ declarations in terms of ingredient composition do not reflect the actual composition of commercial products available on the market and intended for everyday feeding of animals. Mislabeling of these products also poses a risk for animals suffering from food allergies.
Automatic Detection of Water Consumption Temporal Patterns in a Residential Area in Northen Italy
Authors: Cristiano Elena , Biddau Pietro , Delogu Andrea , Gandolfi Martina , Deidda Roberto , Viola Francesco
Published: August 2024

One of the main challenges for city development is to ensure a sustainable water resource management for the water supply system. A clear identification of the urban water consumption patterns supports policy and decision makers in managing the water resources, satisfying the total demand and, at the same time, reducing losses and identifying potential leakages or other issues in the distribution network. High resolution smart meters have widely shown to be an efficient tool to measure in-pipe water consumption. The collected data can be used to identify water demand patterns at different temporal and spatial scales, reaching the end-uses level. Water consumption patterns at building level can be influenced by multiple factors, such as socio-demographic aspects, seasonality, and house characteristics. The presence of a garden that requires summer irrigation strongly alters the daily consumption pattern. In this framework, we present an innovative approach to automatically detect the presence of garden irrigation, identifying daily average water consumption patterns with and without it. The proposed methodology was tested in a residential area in Northen Italy, where 23 smart meters recorded data at 1-minute resolution for two years. Results show very good performances in distinguishing between days with and without garden irrigation. The derived average normalized water consumption patterns for both scenarios can help decision makers and water managers to regulate the pressure regimes in the distribution network correctly.
Paradox der Employability: Lessons learned für die Praxis
Authors: Rink Patricia , Hofer Annabelle
Published: August 2024

Dieser Beitrag in der Zeitschrift Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. (GIO) im Schwerpunktheft „Paradoxien“ bündelt Erkenntnisse und Handlungsempfehlungen zum Employability-Paradox. Dahinter verbirgt sich die Annahme, dass hohe Employability von Mitarbeitenden gleichzeitig mit höherer Leistung und höherem Kündigungsrisiko einhergeht. In einem systematischen Forschungsüberblick werden Forschungsergebnisse von elf Studien mit Messwiederholungen und Längsschnittuntersuchungen zu Zusammenhängen von Employability, Leistung und Kündigung(sabsicht) zusammengefasst, moderierende Faktoren identifiziert und Strategien zum Paradoxiemanagement aus Arbeitgebenden- und Arbeitnehmendenperspektive abgeleitet.

Die inkonsistenten Forschungserkenntnisse können die Annahmen der paradoxen Gleichzeitigkeit höherer Leistung und höherer Kündigung(sabsicht) von Mitarbeitenden mit hoher Employability empirisch nicht stützen. Handlungsempfehlungen für Arbeitgebende betreffen die Förderung interner Entwicklung mithilfe maßgeschneiderter Angebote und individuelle Begleitung. Mitarbeitende sollten die eigenen Bedürfnisse reflektieren, ansprechen, ihre Leistungen sichtbar machen und proaktiv Entwicklungsmöglichkeiten suchen und ausnutzen.
Effect of Laser Sintering Parameters on the Microstructure, Mechanical Properties and Corrosion Behavior of Titanium Grade 5 Alloy
Authors: Chauhan Amit Kumar Singh , Shukla Mukul , Kumar Abhishek
Published: August 2024

Direct Metal Laser Sintered (DMLSed) titanium grade 5 alloy (Ti-6Al-4V alloy) is one of the widely used 3D Printed alloy in structural aerospace components. In the present work, the effect of laser sintering on the microstructure and the mechanical and corrosion behavior of DMLSed Ti-6Al-4V alloy has been studied. The samples were printed by varying the laser power and scan speed over a wide range, one parameter at a time. The fabricated Ti-6Al-4V alloy predominantly showed the martensitic structure, which governs the overall performance of the printed alloy. The mechanism of martensitic laths formation in the microstructures is presented to understand their evolution and effect on the mechanical behavior. As a result, the tensile strength and hardness of the fabricated Ti-6Al-4V alloy increased by nearly 33 and 5%, respectively, when the laser power was increased from 150 to 300 W at a fixed scan speed of 1250 mm/s. An 8% increase in tensile strength and 1-2% increase in hardness was observed when the scan speed was increased from 500 to 1250 mm/s, at a fixed laser power of 150 W. The corrosion resistance of fabricated Ti-6Al-4V alloy improved with an increase in laser power but deteriorated with an increase in scan speed. This study led to new insights into the microstructural evolution of direct laser-sintered Ti-6Al-4V alloy, which is likely to assist in producing superior quality DMLS parts.
Jianpi Huayu Prescription Prevents Atherosclerosis by Improving Inflammation and Reshaping the Intestinal Microbiota in ApoE−/− Mice
Authors: Zhao Hao-Ran , Xian Qin-Chi , Zhang Xuan-Ming , Ma Xiao-Yu , Wang Fu-Qiao , Wang Rui-Si , Liu Zhi-Jie , Zhang Zhi-Gang
Published: August 2024

This study established an LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophage inflammatory injury model and an AS mouse vulnerable plaque model to observe the effect of JPHYP on macrophage inflammation, plaque formation, blood lipids, inflammation levels, intestinal flora and the influence of TLR4/MyD88/MAPK pathway, and explore the anti-AS effect and molecular mechanism of JPHYP, and detected 16S rRNA of mice intestinal microbes. The difference of intestinal flora in different groups of mice was compared to further explore the intervention effect of JPHYP and clarify the molecular biological mechanism of JPHYP in preventing and treating AS by regulating TLR4/MyD88/MAPK inflammatory signaling pathway and improving intestinal flora.
Progesterone receptor is constitutively expressed in induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs)
Authors: Manganelli Michele , Mazzoldi Elena Laura , Ferraro Rosalba Monica , Pinelli Marinella , Parigi Marta , Aghel Seyed Ali Mir , Bugatti Mattia , Collo Ginetta , Stocco Gabriele , Vermi William , Masneri Stefania , Almici Camillo , Mori Luigi , Giliani Silvia
Published: August 2024

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are nowadays a common starting point for wide-ranging applications including 3D disease modeling (i.e. organoids) and in future regenerative medicine. Physiological processes like homeostasis, cell differentiation, development and reproduction are tightly regulated by hormones through binding to their transmembrane or nuclear receptors of target cells. Considering their pleiotropic effect, take into account also their expression in an iPSCs-based disease modeling would better recapitulate the molecular events leading to 3D organoid development and disease study. Here we reported the expression pattern of estrogen receptor (ERα) and progesterone receptor (PR) in four different iPSCs, obtained from CD34 + progenitor cells and skin fibroblasts with four different methods. Expression of ERα and PR mRNA were significantly downregulated in iPSCs as well as fibroblasts compared to MCF7 positive control. Immunofluorescence (IF) staining detected only the expression of PR protein in all the different iPSCs cell lines, while ERα was not detectable. By flow cytometry analysis we observed that the ~ 65% of the total population of iPSCs cells expressed only PR, with 100% fold increase compared to HSPCs and fibroblasts, while ERα was not expressed. Our results collectively demonstrated for the first time that the reprogramming of somatic cells into iPSCs leads to the expression of PR receptor.

Graphical Abstract
Why are you single?: Examining the influence of reasons for being single on the stereotypes associated with single adults
Authors: Beauparlant Emily T. , Machia Laura V.
Published: August 2024

In the current work, consisting of 1 correlational study and 1 experiment (N = 534), we examined the societal acceptability of different reasons for being single and investigated whether there are differences in perceptions of single adults depending on the reason that they are single. In Study 1, we found that reasons for being single vary regarding how acceptable they are considered by others. Drawing on the stereotype content model, in Study 2, we found that a person’s reason for being single affects how others perceive them; specifically, we found that the reason a person is single appears to affect the extent to which they are perceived as warm, competent, and lonely. We also considered whether gender affected perceived competence, warmth, loneliness, and depression, but we did not find any significant gender differences. Our findings suggest that the reason a person is single affects how others perceive them. This work adds to the growing literature on singlehood by identifying that certain forms of singlehood may be seen as more acceptable and thus less likely to elicit negative responses from others.
The everchanging maladaptive daydreaming – a thematic analysis of lived experiences of Reddit users
Authors: Nowacki Ari , Pyszkowska Anna
Published: August 2024

Maladaptive daydreaming (MD) is a compulsive fantasy activity that takes precedence over one’s life, interfering with other activities often, becoming source of shame. To determine the lived experiences of people suffering from MD, we analyzed a sample of 336 public Reddit posts shared in September 2023. We implemented thematic analysis using an inductive approach. We identified six key themes across the data connected to the impact MD has on a sense of self: (1) This world is not my own: Rejecting the imperfection, (2) Blending of realities, (3) It’s not a loop; it’s a spiral: The changing experience, (4) Losing focus, cover blown: Daydreaming’s influence on life, (5) It’s keeping me alive The healing aspects of daydreaming, (6) I need this to stop: The ongoing struggle to quit. MD appeared to influence the majority of aspects of the Redditors’ lives, including a sense of self, motivation, behaviors, and cognitive capabilities (e.g., attention problems). The recollection of unsuccessful attempts to cease daydreaming was highlighted therefore a comparison with behavioral addiction was made. Lack of professional support and reliance on the Reddit community and daydream characters for support were also reported. The results suggest MD may be connected to various consequences that were overlooked in the past (e.g., problems with a sense of identity, motivation, frustration tolerance). Therefore, there is an urgent need for professional interventions that should encompass the multifaceted dimensions of daily functioning impacted by MD.
xECG-Beats: an explainable deep transfer learning approach for ECG-based heartbeat classification
Authors: Peimankar Abdolrahman , Ebrahimi Ali , Wiil Uffe Kock
Published: August 2024

Early detection of abnormal heartbeats is of great importance for cardiologists for early diagnosis of cardiac diseases. This will help patients to receive in time diagnosis and prevention. Conventionally, physicians provide cardiac diagnoses by visual examination of electrocardiograms (ECGs). However, this can be a very time consuming and demanding task and, in some cases, may lead to overlooking and wrong diagnosis of life-threatening heart diseases. Therefore, an intelligent model can help to automatically analyze these huge amount of ECGs captured by different devices in clinical practice. A deep transfer learning approach is used to utilize the capability of different trained deep neural networks and to test them on new unseen datasets without the need to fully re-train the model. Two deep neural networks, namely, Visual Geometry Group (VGG) and Residual Network (ResNet) are utilized for classification of ECGs heartbeats. The models are evaluated using two unseen ECG datasets (i.e., SVDB and INCARTDB) by only optimizing their last classification layers. The overall area under curve for receiver operating characteristic (AUCROC) of two VGG and ResNet models are 0.961 and 0.966 on the SVDB dataset, respectively, and both models achieve 0.981 on the INCARTDB. This paper proposes an accurate and explainable model to classify ECG heartbeats into five categories recommended by the ANSI/AAMI standard. The proposed method paves the way to use pre-trained deep neural networks in real-time monitoring of heart patients using ECG data and to help clinicians understand the decision made by the models on each case using an explainable approach.
Beanspruchung von Lehrkräften durch digitale Medien in der Schule
Authors: Annemann Christiane , Menge Claudia , Gerick Julia
Published: August 2024

Die fortschreitende Digitalisierung stellt Lehrpersonen vor die Herausforderung, den Unterricht und weitere schulbezogene Arbeitsprozesse anzupassen und weiterzuentwickeln. Aufbauend auf dem Job-Demands-Resources-Modell (Demerouti et al. 2001) und Rudows (1994) Rahmenmodell der Belastung und Beanspruchung von Lehrkräften wurden anhand von Daten der ICILS 2018 verschiedene Arbeitsaufgaben und -bedingungen analysiert, die Lehrkräfte in der Arbeit mit digitalen Medien positiv oder negativ beanspruchen und damit als längerfristige Folge die Gesundheit und berufliche Leistungsfähigkeit fördern oder beeinträchtigen können. Es zeigt sich, dass die Mehrheit der n = 2251 befragten Lehrkräfte bei den meisten erfassten Merkmalen eine neutrale Belastung wahrnimmt. Etwa die Hälfte der Lehrkräfte fühlt sich durch die Qualität der technischen Ausstattung und des Internets an der Schule negativ beeinträchtigt. In anderen Bereichen, z. B. der Unterrichtsvor- und -nachbereitung, wird der Einsatz digitaler Medien eher als positive Beanspruchung wahrgenommen. Die Lehrkräfte wurden mithilfe latenter Profilanalysen in vier Gruppen mit ähnlichen Antwortmustern eingeteilt. Die Profile mit der stärksten negativen bzw. positiven Beanspruchung sind gering besetzt (6 % bzw. 10 % des Samples). Die Beanspruchungsprofile unterscheiden sich hinsichtlich Alter und Geschlecht der Lehrkräfte sowie ihren Einstellungen gegenüber digitalen Medien im Unterricht. Hinsichtlich der digitalisierungsbezogenen Kompetenzen der Lehrkräfte liegen wiederum keine signifikanten Unterschiede zwischen den Profilen vor.
Burnout und soziale Ressourcen von Grundschullehrkräften im Anschluss an die Covid-19-Pandemie – ein Vergleich zwischen den Bundesländern Bayern und Vorarlberg
Authors: Baumann Rebecca , Oetjen Birte , Martschinke Sabine , Frey Anne , Rank Astrid
Published: August 2024

Studien verweisen auf eine Vielzahl an objektiven Belastungen im Lehrberuf, die im Zuge der Covid-19-Pandemie zugenommen haben. Wenn die Belastungen negativ bewertet werden und zu wenig geeignete Ressourcen für ihre Bewältigung zur Verfügung stehen, können negative Beanspruchungsreaktionen auftreten, die langfristig zu einem Burnout führen können. Studienergebnisse berichten für Österreich und Deutschland von einem hohen Burnouterleben im Lehrberuf vor und während der Pandemie. Für die Zeit nach der Pandemie liegen kaum entsprechende Studien vor. Hier ist auch die Frage nach Unterschieden zwischen Deutschland und Österreich mit dem Blick auf relevante Ressourcen noch offen. Zur Untersuchung dieser Fragestellungen wurden 178 Grundschullehrkräfte aus Deutschland (Bayern) und Österreich (Vorarlberg) Ende 2022/Anfang 2023 mittels einer querschnittlichen Fragebogenstudie zu ihrem negativen Beanspruchungserleben (Burnout) und zu ausgewählten sozialen Ressourcen befragt. Es zeigt sich, dass das Burnouterleben aller Lehrkräfte im theoretischen Mittel liegt und die Ressourcen weitgehend positiv ausgeprägt sind. Eine multivariate Varianzanalyse belegt, dass bayerische Lehrkräfte signifikant höhere Burnoutwerte angeben als die Lehrkräfte aus Vorarlberg, es aber bei den Ressourcen keine signifikanten Länderunterschiede gibt. Dennoch wird die Bedeutung ausgewählter sozialer Ressourcen in der regressionsanalytischen Auswertung deutlich, da das Burnouterleben durch das Land und der aus Lehrkraftperspektive wahrgenommenen Beziehung zu den Schüler*innen als soziale Ressource vorhergesagt wird. Die soziale Unterstützung im Kollegium sowie weitere schul- und personenbezogene Variablen besitzen keine Relevanz für die Erklärung des Burnouterlebens. Die Lehrkraft-Schüler*innen-Beziehung sollte in der Lehrer*innenbildung und -forschung daher mehr Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Auch wenn die Ergebnisse aufgrund der geringen und selektiven Stichprobe vorsichtig zu interpretieren sind, geben sie Hinweise auf länderspezifische Unterschiede im Burnouterleben von Grundschullehrkräften nach der Pandemie. Im Beitrag werden divergierende schulische Corona-Maßnahmen in den Ländern theoretisch diskutiert, jedoch nicht empirisch berücksichtigt.
Myeloid Cell Reservoirs: Role in HIV-Host Interplay and Strategies for Myeloid Reservoir Elimination
Authors: Castillo Amber A. , McElrath Corbin , Marshall Grace , Stevenson Mario
Published: August 2024

Purpose of Review

Despite host antiviral responses and antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 continues to persist in myeloid cell reservoirs. Hence, strategies that promote the elimination of myeloid reservoirs are critically needed. Insight into host-HIV interactions is key to achieving a cure.

Recent Findings

Host antiviral factors are often antagonized by HIV proteins that help establish infection while promoting chronic inflammation and disease in the host. Currently, several methods to eliminate the virus are under investigation including broadly neutralizing antibodies, latency reversal agents, CRISPR platforms, and immune modulation. Compounds that can penetrate the blood brain barrier are also being developed for reservoir cell clearance.

Here, we will outline features of myeloid cell biology and host-virus interactions that facilitate HIV persistence. We will also review current therapeutic strategies and potential drug candidates to cure HIV infection of myeloid cells even in difficult-to-treat tissues such as the central nervous system.
Optimizing Quality of Life in Children with Complex Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Demianczyk Abigail C. , Marshall Mayme , Rao Rashmi , Cassedy Amy , Wray Jo , Marino Bradley S.
Published: August 2024

Purpose of Review

Individuals with congenital heart disease (CHD) can experience long-term morbidities related to physical, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial functioning. These long-term sequelae are more likely to occur for patients who meet the high-risk criteria and are associated with diminished health related quality of life (HRQOL). Understanding how to mitigate risk or intervene to improve physical, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial outcomes for patients with CHD is critical for improving HRQOL.

Recent Findings

Instruments measuring HRQOL are available and widely used in children with CHD. Lower HRQOL is associated with greater disease complexity and medical care utilization, lower self-perception and competency, more behavioral and emotional difficulties, and greater educational impairment. Interventions like family-centered neurodevelopmental care, early intervention, psychological and behavioral services, physical activity, educational services, and family support have been shown to positively impact physical, neurodevelopmental, and psychosocial outcomes for patients with CHD, but it is unclear what interventions in these domains will specifically improve HRQOL.

There is a critical need for research focused on interventions to improve neurodevelopmental, psychosocial, and physical functioning in children with CHD. Intervention research needs to be high quality, use appropriate instruments, and should examine the impact of these interventions on HRQOL in both the short- and long-term.
Enhancing the Electrocatalytic Oxidation of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural Through Cascade Structure Tuning for Highly Stable Biomass Upgrading
Authors: Jiang Xiaoli , Ma Xianhui , Yang Yuanteng , Liu Yang , Liu Yanxia , Zhao Lin , Wang Penglei , Zhang Yagang , Lin Yue , Wei Yen
Published: August 2024

Electrocatalytic 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR) provides a promising strategy to convert biomass derivative to high-value-added chemicals. Herein, a cascade strategy is proposed to construct Pd–NiCo2O4 electrocatalyst by Pd loading on Ni-doped Co3O4 and for highly active and stable synergistic HMF oxidation. An elevated current density of 800 mA cm–2 can be achieved at 1.5 V, and both Faradaic efficiency and yield of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid remained close to 100% over 10 consecutive electrolysis. Experimental and theoretical results unveil that the introduction of Pd atoms can modulate the local electronic structure of Ni/Co, which not only balances the competitive adsorption of HMF and OH– species, but also promote the active Ni3+ species formation, inducing high indirect oxidation activity. We have also discovered that Ni incorporation facilitates the Co2+ pre-oxidation and electrophilic OH* generation to contribute direct oxidation process. This work provides a new approach to design advanced electrocatalyst for biomass upgrading.
Trajectories and Associations of Perceived Servant Leadership and Teacher Exhaustion During the First Months of a Crisis
Authors: Schowalter Annika F. , Volmer Judith
Published: August 2024

Organizational crises carry a high risk of reducing well-being and health among employees, such as increased exhaustion. Teachers are particularly vulnerable to exhaustion; thus, it is important to explore how exhaustion can be reduced among them in a crisis context. In this paper, we regard servant leadership as a resource-providing leadership style to mitigate the adverse impacts of a crisis situation on teachers’ exhaustion. We surveyed 129 teachers working at several schools in a German private school association at four measurement points between March and November 2020, beginning with the first measures taken in response to the spread of COVID-19. Using latent growth curve modeling, we investigated the trajectories of perceived servant leadership and employees’ exhaustion and their associations. For both teacher exhaustion and servant leadership, growth models with unspecified growth patterns showed the best fit. Perceived servant leadership decreased over time before increasing slightly again during the last measurement period. We did not find a general increase in teacher exhaustion. Consistent with our hypotheses, the results indicated a negative interindividual and intraindividual association between servant leadership and teacher exhaustion. Teachers who perceived higher levels of servant leadership reported lower levels of exhaustion, and the stronger servant leadership decreased, the stronger exhaustion increased over time. Our study extends previous research by providing a dynamic, longitudinal view of servant leadership and exhaustion in a crisis context.
A multi-level analysis of older adults’ care preferences in China: from the perspective of regional resource equality
Authors: Zhang Li , Lu Jiehua
Published: August 2024

This paper aims to assess the care preferences of the elderly in China and how the multi-level factors including individuals, communities and provinces affect the elderly’s care preferences. Using data from the 2014 China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS) and China Statistical Yearbook 2015, we apply concentration index to examine the utilization of regional resources in the elderly and a multi-level model to examine those relationships. Results show that the elderly who live in communities with well-developed health care facilities prefer to choose family care. There are also significant differences at the provincial level. The developed provinces context increases the likelihood of formal care, but decreases informal care probability. In high social security expenditure provinces, the elderly are more likely to choose formal care. Our findings emphasize the influence of the communities and provinces context on the elderly’s care preferences. We suggest the government pay attention to the care status of the elderly who are outside the social care system.
Exploring innovation and collaboration in the leather processing industry through the case study of the KIWANGO Leather Cluster
Authors: China Cecilia R. , Mgumia Athman , Trojer Lena , Nungu Amos
Published: August 2024

In the era of Industry 4.0, fostering innovation through strong collaboration among universities, industry, and government is crucial. However, the Tanzanian economy has faced challenges due to, among others, weak links between these entities. To address this, Sida initiated the Innovation Systems and Cluster Development Program (ISCP-Tz) in partnership with the University of Dar es Salaam. This was followed by a program at COSTECH focused on fostering innovation for socio-economic development. As part of these programs, 15 clusters, including KIWANGO Leather, were selected for documentation of their experiences. KIWANGO Leather exemplifies successful collaboration between cluster firms, the university, local government, and research institutions. Operationalizing guidelines for collaboration led to cooperative innovations, knowledge exchange, internships, and long-term partnerships established through Memorandum of Understanding (MoU). The cluster's experiences highlight a less-linear, inclusive innovation process with positive outcomes. Thus, this paper not only illustrates a less linear, inclusive innovation process, but also its results can motivate actors in emerging innovation ecosystems in the Global South to adopt and scale up suggested approaches for knowledge co-creation benefitting sustainable development. By adopting these approaches and fostering collaborative networks, countries can leverage their resources and expertise to drive innovation, create economic growth, and address societal challenges.
A Novel Compound Heterozygous Mutation in TDRD9 Causes Oligozoospermia
Authors: Wang Wenhua , Feng Yuming , Dong Jie , Zhou Zheng , Jing Jun , Li Zixiong , Chen Li , Lin Xiaoqi , Ma Jinzhao , Yao Bing
Published: August 2024

Oligozoospermia is an important cause of male infertility for which treatment options are limited. Spermatogenesis is complex, and the causes of oligozoospermia remain largely unknown. Because genetic mutations are important factors of oligozoospermia pathogenesis, our study aimed to explore the genetic causes of oligozoospermia. Whole- exome sequencing (WES) was performed on one proband from a Chinese family who was diagnosed with oligozoospermia. The pathogenic mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing, and a minigene assay was used to determine the effect of the identified splicing mutation. We identified a novel compound heterozygous mutation in the TDRD9 gene, comprising a splicing mutation (c.1115 + 3A > G) and a frameshift mutation (c.958delC), in the proband; neither of these mutations were found in 50 unrelated healthy people. In addition, a minigene assay demonstrated that the frameshift produced partially truncated protein, and the splicing mutation led to a frameshift mutation and premature termination due to abnormal alternative splicing of TDRD9. These findings indicate that deleterious compound heterozygous mutation in TDRD9 could lead to oligozoospermia, highlighting the crucial role of TDRD9 in spermatogenesis and further clarifying the genetic causes of male infertility resulting from oligozoospermia. Our study expands the spectrum of TDRD9-related phenotypes and provides a new specific target for future genetic counseling.
Epistemic consequentialism as a metatheory of inquiry
Authors: Andersen Frederik J. , Kappel Klemens
Published: August 2024

The overall aim of this article is to reorient the contemporary debate about epistemic consequentialism. Thus far, the debate has to a large extent focused on whether standard theories of epistemic justification are consequentialist in nature and therefore vulnerable to certain trade-off cases where accepting a false or unjustified belief leads to good epistemic outcomes. We claim that these trade-offs raise an important—yet somewhat neglected—issue about the epistemic demands on inquiry. We first distinguish between two different kinds of epistemic evaluation, viz., backing evaluation and outcome evaluation, and then go on to outline and discuss a consequentialist metatheory about the right combinations of decision procedures to adopt in inquiry. Note that the piece is exploratory in the following sense: we try to explore epistemic evaluation in consequentialist terms, which involves stating a form of epistemic consequentialism, but also pointing to what non-consequentialist alternatives might be. Rather than trying to argue decisively for a particular conclusion, we aim to outline various intricate issues in an underexplored area of theorizing. In the course of doing this, we’ll transpose some well-known themes from discussions of consequentialism in ethics to the current debate about consequentialism in epistemology, e.g., agent-neutrality, options, and side-constraints.
From the clinic to the classroom: a pathway for physician assistants/associates into academia
Authors: Baird Jonathan T. , Stanford Lauren , Sommer Tyler
Published: August 2024

This brief communication proposes a possible model for training clinically practicing Physician Assistants/Associates (PA) for a transition into academic medicine. Demand for full-time PA educators is rising. Most new full-time PA educators come from clinical practice and find the transition challenging, resulting in attrition. There is no uniform, expected pathway for PAs wanting to transition into academia, however several institutions have developed fellowships in recent years. Traditionally, residencies have given medical providers, mainly physicians, training for specialty areas of medicine, though only some of those have been wholly devoted to full-time academic medicine. The reasons for their absence are beyond the scope of this paper. It is not uncommon for universities and educational hospitals to experience budget constraints when considering establishing a residency training program. The authors describe the part-time residency at their institution for PAs desiring to be educators, succinctly describe their process and outcomes, and propose it as a model for emulation.
Masked autoencoder: influence of self-supervised pretraining on object segmentation in industrial images
Authors: Witte Anja , Lange Sascha , Lins Christian
Published: August 2024

The amount of labelled data in industrial use cases is limited because the annotation process is time-consuming and costly. As in research, self-supervised pretraining such as MAE resulted in training segmentation models with fewer labels, this is also an interesting direction for industry. The reduction of required labels is achieved with large amounts of unlabelled images for the pretraining that aims to learn image features. This paper analyses the influence of MAE pretraining on the efficiency of label usage for semantic segmentation with UNETR. This is investigated for the use case of log-yard cranes. Additionally, two transfer learning cases with respect to crane type and perspective are considered in the context of label-efficiency. The results show that MAE is successfully applicable to the use case. With respect to the segmentation, an IoU improvement of 3.26% is reached while using 2000 labels. The strongest positive influence is found for all experiments in the lower label amounts. The highest effect is achieved with transfer learning regarding cranes, where IoU and Recall increase about 4.31% and 8.58%, respectively. Further analyses show that improvements result from a better distinction between the background and the segmented crane objects.
Why Britain needs a national mathematics discovery centre
Authors: Abramsky Jack
Published: August 2024

On the 3rd of January 2023, the UK Prime Minister, Rishi Sunak, first advocated that Mathematics should be a compulsory subject for all students to the age of 18. He was supported in principle by the following statement from the President of the Royal Society, Professor Sir Adrian Smith, issued on the 4th of January 2023: “Maths, data, statistics and numeracy are essential skills for a modern world, whether for the workplace or for playing an active role in society. If we want our economy to thrive and young people to be prepared for well paid jobs, we need a radical overhaul of our education system that will include all young people doing some level of maths to 18 years of age. The PM understands this and today’s announcement is welcome.
The asymmetric propeller with squares, and some extensions
Authors: Tran Quang Hung
Published: August 2024

The term ‘Asymmetric Propeller’ and studies on it appeared first in [1] by Bankoff, Erdos and Klamkin, it was in [2] by Alexanderson, and more recently in [3] by Gardner. The original propeller theorem refers to three congruent equilateral triangles that share the same vertex.
Solar Wind‐Magnetosphere Coupling Efficiency and Its Dependence on Solar Activity During Geomagnetic Storms of 23–24 Solar Cycles
Authors: Ashna V. M. , Bhaskar Ankush , Manju G. , Sini R.
Published: August 2024

Space weather forecasts are of utmost importance in safeguarding navigation, communication, and electric power system operations, satellites from orbital drag, and the astronauts in the International Space Station from hazardous space radiation during extreme space weather conditions. The finest space weather prediction requires a clear understanding of solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling. The in‐situ measurements of the solar wind properties give unique information about the Sun and its activity on smaller to longer timescales. The present work investigates the influence of solar activity on the coupling of solar wind and Earth's magnetosphere during 23–24 solar cycles. The geomagnetic storms with Symmetric H‐component (SYMH) ≤ −85 nT during the 23–24 solar cycles are considered. We present the results of statistical analysis and relationships between the various solar wind parameters such as the total strength of interplanetary magnetic field (B) and its three‐axis components (Bx, By, and Bz), solar wind proton density (Nsw), solar wind speed (Vsw), SYMH indices, the amplitude, duration, and profile of the geomagnetic storms. The integrated electric field and integrated SYMH index during storms show the highest correlation of 0.92, implying that integrated SYMH is a better proxy of the injected solar wind energy in the magnetosphere in the form of the ring current. Moreover, we do see the difference in the solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling efficiency during the phases of 23–24 solar cycles which is intriguing.