bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zirkonya Esaslı Tam Seramik Restorasyonlarda Görülen Komplikasyonlar
Authors: ŞAHİN Zeynep , ERGÜN Gülfem
Published: April 2018

Amaç: Bu
derlemenin amacı, diş destekli veya implant destekli zirkonya esaslı
sabit restorasyonların sağ kalım ve klinik başarı oranlarını analiz etmek,
komplikasyonları değerlendirmektir.Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu
derlemede, zirkonya esaslı tam seramik restorasyonların sağ kalım ve klinik
başarı oranları, bildirilen komplikasyonlar ve zirkonya alt yapı üzerine veneer
seramiği uygulanma teknikleri irdelenmiştir. Pubmed, Cochrane Library ve
Science Direct’de 2006 ve 2017 yılları arasında yapılan taramada; zirkonya,
zirkonyum-seramik, sabit bölümlü protezler, kron, dental implant, tam seramik,
komplikasyon, veneer porseleninde kopma ve kırılma, presleme ya da tabakalama
tekniği, alt yapı tasarımı ve bu anahtar kelimelerin farklı kombinasyonları
kullanılmıştır. Bulgular:
Tarama sonucu ulaşılan 381 makale konu kapsamı dahilinde incelemeye uygun
görülmüştür. Bu makalelerden üç yıldan daha az takip süresi olanlar, hayvan
çalışmaları ve vaka raporları değerlendirme dışı bırakılarak 14 makale
derlemeye dahil edilmiştir.

Sonuç:
Yapılan inceleme sonucunda zirkonya esaslı restorasyonlarda hasta sayısının
daha fazla olduğu uzun dönemli ve kapsamlı klinik çalışmaların estetik,
biyolojik ve teknik açıdan yapılması öngörülmektedir.
Analysing Subgingival Plaque with regard to H.pylori at Chronic and Aggressive Periodontitis Patients
Authors: USTAOĞLU Gülbahar , ERCAN Esra , ZİHNİ KORKMAZ Meltem , UZUN Bilge Cansu , BURUK Celal Kurtuluş
Published: April 2018

Objectives:
 Helicobacter pylori (H.
Pylori) is a Gram
(-), microaerophilic bacteria and the etiological factor of chronic active
gastritis and peptic ulcer. Some studies indicated that this bacterium found at
oral cavity which is a potential reservoir for stomach. Several studies showed
that H. pylori may found in saliva
and subgingival plaque of chronic periodontitis patients. However, there is no
data related to aggressive periodontitis patients. In this study, we aimed to
determine the prevalence of H. pylori
in subgingival plaque samples of chronic, aggressive periodontitis and
gingivitis patients and to increase the awareness of the patients for gastric
problems.

Materials
and Methods: This study included 155 patients (61 with gingivitis,
60 with chronic periodontitis, and 34 with aggressive periodontitis) who did
not have gastric disease symptom and did not use antibiotics in the last 3
months. The subgingival plaque samples were taken using sterile paper points.
The existence of H. pylori, A. actinomycetemcomitans,
and P. gingivalis
was detected by RT-PCR.

Results: H. pylori was not detected in any groups
at the end of microbiological analysis.
However, a high occurrence of A. actinomycetemcomitans (97.1%) and P. gingivalis
(100%) was observed in the aggressive periodontitis group. However, A. actinomycetemcomitans
and P. gingivalis were found in 30% and 21.7% of patients,
respectively, with chronic periodontitis. A.
actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis
were found in 24.6% of patients in the gingivitis group.

Conclusions: H. pylori were not detected in samples, indicating that subgingival plaque may not
be a primary reservoir for this bacterium.
Actualité et transformations de la Fête des morts chez les Kaingang du Brésil méridional
Authors: Crépeau Robert R. , Rosa Rogério Reus Gonçalves da
Published: April 2018

La vie rituelle des Kaingang, une société amérindienne du Brésil, est caractérisée par la célébration d’un rite de secondes funérailles, nommé Kikikoi, que ces derniers associent explicitement à la représentation de leur identité amérindienne ainsi qu’à la revendication de leurs droits constitutionnels et territoriaux. À la suite de fortes pressions externes, sa réalisation fut interrompue pendant près de vingt-cinq ans. Sa reprise en 1976 lui donna un second souffle qui dura un peu plus d’une trentaine d’années jusqu’en 1999. Depuis le début du présent millénaire, la réalisation de ce rite fait l’objet de vives discussions au sein de diverses communautés Kaingang où une partie grandissante de la population convertie au pentecôtisme s’oppose à sa réalisation en invoquant notamment l’importante consommation de boisson fermentée qu’il implique. Ses réalisations récentes ont fait l’objet de divers aménagements tenant compte des dynamiques politiques et religieuses locales. Dans cet article, nous décrivons et analysons cette actualisation récente du Kikikoi en regard des nouvelles dynamiques sociales auxquelles est confrontée la culture kaingang.
Les ancêtres au prisme des pommes de terre non domestiquées. Une perspective andine
Authors: Hall Ingrid
Published: April 2018

Les pommes de terre ont une âme dans les Andes. Il y a des « pommes de terre (du) cadavre » (aya papa), des « pommes de terre des mauvais-morts » (papa de losgentiles), lesquelles ont en commun de n’être pas domestiquées. Il y a aussi des pommes de terre déshydratées (chuño) qui sont presque mortes. Que nous enseigne ceci sur la façon dont les morts, pour les populations des communautés andines, participent encore de la vie ? Voici la question qui va guider cet article. Les conceptions sur la vie et la mort sont ancrées dans un ensemble de pratiques qui débordent le monde des humains, dans une logique pratique et productive qui leur donne sens. Selon ces conceptions, la mort est étroitement associée à la fertilité, à la force-vitale qui anime plantes et individus et ne disparaît pas purement et simplement après la mort mais continue à circuler. Il s’agit là d’un point central de la conception des personnes et du monde dans les Andes. Cet article repose sur des références bibliographiques issues tant de l’agronomie que de l’ethnologie et portant sur l’aire andine, qui sont complétées et éclairées par des données portant sur la région de Cusco (Pérou), lesquelles comprennent des données ethnographiques de première main.
Images de la mort et ritualisation du deuil sur les réseaux socionumériques : des usages de Facebook en contexte autochtone
Authors: Jérôme Laurent , Biroté Christiane , Coocoo Jeannette
Published: April 2018

À partir de récits de pratiques et de gestes rituels liés à la mort, nous montrerons dans cet article en quoi Facebook peut jouer un rôle central dans les pratiques de deuil et de gestion de la mort en milieu autochtone. Il s’agira d’insister sur le dynamisme des traditions autochtones et de documenter les expressions du deuil et les conceptions autochtones de la mort observées dans les réseaux socionumériques. Loin de constituer un point de rupture, Facebook et les réseaux socionumériques permettent de renforcer les réseaux de soutien, de solidarité et d’échanges et participent de la redéfinition des patrimoines visuels autochtones. Nous interrogerons en outre la place du corps et de ses représentations dans ces processus.
Transcultural Music-Making in Contemporary Music Ensembles: Five Approaches in Germany, the Netherlands, Uzbekistan and Turkey
Authors: Heldt Katja
Published: April 2018

The present article describes the approaches of five ensembles specialized in transcultural music-making in the context of contemporary music in Germany, the Netherlands, Uzbekistan and Turkey. While facing similar underlying conceptual and practical challenges in the process of combining different musical traditions and cultural backgrounds, such as the question of how to merge oral and notated traditions, tuning systems or musical perceptions, and their presentational performance practices, each ensemble suggests different strategies of implementation, depending on their political, historical and geographical circumstances.

The article examines the way in which music derives representational functions within processes of affiliation, delimitation, representation and identity construction.
L’interculturalisme à travers le filtre cognitif : comment Gilles Tremblay recompose le gamelan dans Oralléluiants
Authors: Goldman Jonathan
Published: April 2018

Dans un article consacré à l’impact bien connu du gamelan sur le langage musical de Claude Debussy, Nicholas Cook propose une interprétation de l’oeuvre du compositeur français qui navigue entre une perspective qui prétend que le gamelan a eu une valeur de « confirmation » de principes déjà acquis et, à l’opposé, une autre qui ne considère les innovations de Debussy que comme de douteuses imitations superficielles d’une culture musicale étrangère. Le présent article est conçu dans la prolongation de l’article de Cook mais orienté vers l’inspiration de la musique javanaise dont témoigne l’oeuvreOralléluiants(1975) de Gilles Tremblay (1932-2017), et tente, à l’instar de celui de Cook, d’aller au-delà d’une opposition entre un pastiche stylistique passablement orientaliste et une approche plus profonde d’« assimilation stylistique » dans la musique du compositeur québécois. L’article propose la notion de « filtre cognitif » pour comprendre la façon dont le gamelan a exercé une influence sur le compositeur sans qu’il ait pour autant affecté d’autres compositeurs de la même façon. Le terme « filtre cognitif » désigne ici toute schématisation de la musique que l’observateur doit à sa formation, son métier, son acculturation, la singularité de sa vie intérieure, etc., et qui représente et ordonne les données de la perception sensorielle permettant ainsi l’appréhension d’une musique jusqu’alors inconnue.
Assassin’s Creed : synthèse des écrits et implications pour l’enseignement de l’histoire
Authors: Joly-Lavoie Alexandre
Published: April 2018

Assassin’s Creedest très populaire auprès des joueurs, mais retient peu l’attention des didacticiens. Pour nous éclairer sur le potentiel didactique de cette série, nous avons recensé des écrits en anglais et en français. Cela a permis d’identifier 22 articles. L’analyse des textes révèle queAssassin’s Creedprésente le changement historique comme le fait de grands hommes. De plus, la représentation du passé, bien qu’appuyée sur une recherche documentaire rigoureuse, se conforme aux attentes des joueurs et aux besoins en termes de jouabilité. Ces résultats nous amènent à repenser la manière d’intégrerAssassin’s Creeddans un cadre scolaire.
USING RESTORATIVE PRACTICES TO TEACH AND UPHOLD DIGNITY IN AN AMERICAN SCHOOL DISTRICT
Authors: High Anna Jane
Published: April 2018

The protection and promotion of dignity is a foundational objective of restorative justice. Dignity-enhancing restorative justice practices, which are rooted in the traditional practices of Indigenous people groups, have been widely adopted in schools reactively, as a response to specific infractions. A growing number of schools are adopting restorative practices proactively, with a view to preventing misbehaviour by improving climate and strengthening relationships. This report from the Evanston / Skokie School District (K-8) in Illinois explores a cost-effective restorative practice implementation plan that focuses on volunteers and teachers partnering to introduce one key proactive practice, sharing circles, to classrooms. Using Donna Hicks’ “essential elements of dignity” as a framework, I argue that restorative circle initiatives are a simple and effective means of transforming school communities by acknowledging, promoting and honouring the dignity of students.
Some Issues Referring to the Management of Beaches at the Local Level - Case Study of Croatia
Authors: Kovačić Mirjana , Zekić Astrid
Published: April 2018

The authors based the research on the main topic that a beach is more than a strip of land dedicated to tourists for their leisure activities. In order to achieve this, beaches have to be developed in regard to the surrounding landscape and the needs of the local community. The main focus of the research is on local and guest's perspective of beaches, thus results highlight important issues in this relationship which may enable improvements in beach managing. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the interdependence between sustainable beach managing and local/tourist needs and satisfaction. The goal of this paper is to propose a model of sustainable beach managing that has a direct impact on development processes of the beach. Research methodology includes an overview of recent projects and references and as a result it helps to understand whyit is important that beaches should have sustainable managing. One of the important project goals is to differentiate different beaches and their main attractions as well as their adaptation to a particular target group and the emergence of new forms of specific thematic beaches.
Information Model for Global Shipbuilding in the Period of 2016 – 2020
Authors: Vidučić Vinko
Published: April 2018

This study explores the worldwide demand for the newly built ships from 2014 to 2017 and produces forecasts for the demands concerning the years 2018 and 2020, on the basis of mental and verbal insights into the global shipping market, theoretical aspects of the issue, and the selected variables (South Korea, China, Japan, Europe and the Rest of the World) of the information model for the global shipbuilding. The value of the variables for the year 2016 has been achieved by taking into account the synergistic effect of the percentage obtained per order books across the world, gross tonnage in 0,000 GT and the value of vessels in billion US$ for each selected variable. In the next stage these values have been quantified based on the mental and verbal insights into the scientific aspects of the global shipping market variables of the information model for the global shipbuilding in the years of 2018 and 2020. In this way, for the first time, the growth matrix has produced the values of the selected variables, i.e. the direct growth rates of the information model for the global shipbuilding for the period 2018-2020. The research has involved a combination of scientific methods, among which the most relevant are analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, descriptive, comparative, statistical and mathematical methods, method of model drawing (growth matrix), and methods of proving and refuting.
Ampelisca eschrichtii Krøyer, 1842 (Ampeliscidae) of the Sakhalin Shelf in the Okhotsk Sea starve in summer and feast in winter
Authors: Durkina Valentina B. , Chapman John W. , Demchenko Natalia L.
Published: April 2018

Ampelisca eschrichtii Krøyer, 1842 of the Sakhalin Shelf of the Okhotsk Sea, Far Eastern Russia, comprise the highest known biomass concentration of any amphipod population in the world and are a critically important prey source for western gray whales. The high prevalence of atrophied ovaries, undersized and damaged oocytes, undersized broods of embryos and the absence of terminal phase males or females brooding fully formed juveniles among these populations in late spring and early fall are consistent with trophic stress and starvation. A. eschrichtii therefore appear to starve in summer and grow and reproduce in late fall and winter. In summer, these populations, occur below water strata containing the bulk of phytoplankton biomass and appear more likely to receive their trophic sources with vertical mixing that occurs in winter.
Mfn2 ubiquitination by PINK1/parkin gates the p97-dependent release of ER from mitochondria to drive mitophagy
Authors: McLelland Gian-Luca , Goiran Thomas , Yi Wei , Dorval Geneviève , Chen Carol X , Lauinger Nadine D , Krahn Andrea I , Valimehr Sepideh , Rakovic Aleksandar , Rouiller Isabelle , Durcan Thomas M , Trempe Jean-François , Fon Edward A
Published: April 2018

Despite their importance as signaling hubs, the function of mitochondria-ER contact sites in mitochondrial quality control pathways remains unexplored. Here we describe a mechanism by which Mfn2, a mitochondria-ER tether, gates the autophagic turnover of mitochondria by PINK1 and parkin. Mitochondria-ER appositions are destroyed during mitophagy, and reducing mitochondria-ER contacts increases the rate of mitochondrial degradation. Mechanistically, parkin/PINK1 catalyze a rapid burst of Mfn2 phosphoubiquitination to trigger p97-dependent disassembly of Mfn2 complexes from the outer mitochondrial membrane, dissociating mitochondria from the ER. We additionally demonstrate that a major portion of the facilitatory effect of p97 on mitophagy is epistatic to Mfn2 and promotes the availability of other parkin substrates such as VDAC1. Finally, we reconstitute the action of these factors on Mfn2 and VDAC1 ubiquitination in a cell-free assay. We show that mitochondria-ER tethering suppresses mitophagy and describe a parkin-/PINK1-dependent mechanism that regulates the destruction of mitochondria-ER contact sites.
Oxytocin functions as a spatiotemporal filter for excitatory synaptic inputs to VTA dopamine neurons
Authors: Xiao Lei , Priest Michael F , Kozorovitskiy Yevgenia
Published: April 2018

The experience of rewarding or aversive stimuli is encoded by distinct afferents to dopamine (DA) neurons of the ventral tegmental area (VTA). Several neuromodulatory systems including oxytocin regulate DA neuron excitability and synaptic transmission that process socially meaningful stimuli. We and others have recently characterized oxytocinergic modulation of activity in mouse VTA DA neurons, but the mechanisms underlying oxytocinergic modulation of synaptic transmission in DA neurons remain poorly understood. Here, we find that oxytocin application or optogenetic release decrease excitatory synaptic transmission, via long lasting, presynaptic, endocannabinoid-dependent mechanisms. Oxytocin modulation of excitatory transmission alters the magnitude of short and long-term depression. We find that only some glutamatergic projections to DA neurons express CB1 receptors. Optogenetic stimulation of three major VTA inputs demonstrates that oxytocin modulation is limited to projections that show evidence of CB1R transcripts. Thus, oxytocin gates information flow into reward circuits in a temporally selective and pathway-specific manner.
Donated chemical probes for open science
Authors: Müller Susanne , Ackloo Suzanne , Arrowsmith Cheryl H , Bauser Marcus , Baryza Jeremy L , Blagg Julian , Böttcher Jark , Bountra Chas , Brown Peter J , Bunnage Mark E , Carter Adrian J , Damerell David , Dötsch Volker , Drewry David H , Edwards Aled M , Edwards James , Elkins Jon M , Fischer Christian , Frye Stephen V , Gollner Andreas , Grimshaw Charles E , IJzerman Adriaan , Hanke Thomas , Hartung Ingo V , Hitchcock Steve , Howe Trevor , Hughes Terry V , Laufer Stefan , Li Volkhart MJ , Liras Spiros , Marsden Brian D , Matsui Hisanori , Mathias John , O'Hagan Ronan C , Owen Dafydd R , Pande Vineet , Rauh Daniel , Rosenberg Saul H , Roth Bryan L , Schneider Natalie S , Scholten Cora , Singh Saikatendu Kumar , Simeonov Anton , Takizawa Masayuki , Tse Chris , Thompson Paul R , Treiber Daniel K , Viana Amélia YI , Wells Carrow I , Willson Timothy M , Zuercher William J , Knapp Stefan , Mueller-Fahrnow Anke
Published: April 2018

Potent, selective and broadly characterized small molecule modulators of protein function (chemical probes) are powerful research reagents. The pharmaceutical industry has generated many high-quality chemical probes and several of these have been made available to academia. However, probe-associated data and control compounds, such as inactive structurally related molecules and their associated data, are generally not accessible. The lack of data and guidance makes it difficult for researchers to decide which chemical tools to choose. Several pharmaceutical companies (AbbVie, Bayer, Boehringer Ingelheim, Janssen, MSD, Pfizer, and Takeda) have therefore entered into a pre-competitive collaboration to make available a large number of innovative high-quality probes, including all probe-associated data, control compounds and recommendations on use (https://openscienceprobes.sgc-frankfurt.de/). Here we describe the chemical tools and target-related knowledge that have been made available, and encourage others to join the project.
Rare patterns of dorsal puncture inPterostichus oblongopunctatus(Coleoptera: Carabidae)
Authors: Schwerk Axel , Jaskuła Radomir
Published: April 2018

Background

The carabid beetle speciesPterostichus oblongopunctatusis common in different types of forests in Poland and Europe. With respect to this species, some unclarities exist concerning the morphological feature of punctures on the elytra.P. oblongopunctatushas dorsal pits in the third interval of the elytra, the available identification keys, however, provide inconsistent information concerning the puncture in other intervals. During long-term studies at different study sites in Poland, the first author rarely but regularly discovered individuals with unusual dorsal puncture patterns, i.e., pits in the fifth and even in the seventh interval of the elytra. Since such rare patterns might be connected with special habitat characteristics, and thus have a potential as an indicator, the aim of the study was to test if they are connected with specific subpopulations (interaction groups), if they are related to the sex or size of the beetles, and if they are related to specific habitat conditions.

Material and Methods

We counted the pits on the elytra, determined the sex, and measured the length of the right elytron of individuals ofP. oblongopunctatuscollected at numerous study sites located within the borders of the Regional Directory of National Forests in Piła (Western Poland) over the period 2014–2016.

Results

Altogether, 1,058 individuals ofP. oblongopunctatuswere subjected to statistical analysis. Almost 19% of the individuals had a dorsal puncture in the fifth interval of the elytra and about 0.7% had a dorsal puncture in the seventh interval of the elytra. In 2014 and 2015, significantly more females exhibited such unusual patterns of dorsal puncture than males. Even if not statistically significant, in 2016 also relatively more females showed such a pattern. Neither males nor females of the analysed individuals with usual puncture patterns showed a significant difference in the length of the right elytron from those with unusual puncture patterns, and neither for males nor for females a significant correlation of the percentage share of the individuals with unusual puncture patterns with the age of the study sites could be detected. However, both males and females with unusual patterns had more dorsal pits than those without. Moreover, males as well as females showed in all those years a trend that the individuals with unusual patterns have more pits in the third interval of the elytra.

Discussion

The results indicate that females are more likely to exhibit unusual patterns. Since individuals ofP. oblongopunctatuswith a higher number of pits on the elytra are supposed to prevail in more wet habitats, such patterns might be related to moisture conditions. The possibility of pits in the seventh interval of the elytra should be added to identification keys.
Influence of extractants and filter materials in the extraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM) from subtropical agricultural soil
Authors: Xiangbi Chen Xiaodong Zheng, , Yajun Hu Chengming Liang, , Yirong Su Jinshui Wu,
Published: April 2018

The dissolved organic matter (DOM) plays an important role in ecological processes in agricultural ecosystems. However, composition of DOM extracted by different methods remains unclear. In this study, pyrolysis–gas-chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS) was used to investigate the content and chemical composition of DOM extracted by aqueous K2SO4 or H2O and filter paper (FP) or membrane (FM). The results showed that dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content extracted by K2SO4 was 0.83–11.2 times higher than that extracted by H2O, while it increased by 10.1–75.0% when filtered by FP compared to that filtered by FM. Compared with the H2O extract, the K2SO4 one contained lower proportions of aromatic compounds. The relative proportions of hydrophobic compounds in the K2SO4 extract (9.7–89.7%), were higher than in H2O one (2.6–63.5%), whereas the proportions of hydrophilic compounds exhibited the opposite trend (p<0.05). The content and complexity of the DOM extracted by the FP-K2SO4 method was higher than that obtained by FM-H2O one. Taken together, the K2SO4 and H2O extractants affected both the quantity and quality of DOM, whereas the FP and FM filter materials only influenced the DOC content (p<0.05). Consequently, effect of the extraction method on DOM properties should be considered when studying DOM composition and corresponding ecological processes.
Risks from Climate Extremes Change Differently from 1.5°C to 2.0°C Depending on Rarity
Authors: Kharin V. V. , Flato G. M. , Zhang X. , Gillett N. P. , Zwiers F. , Anderson K. J.
Published: April 2018

Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have agreed to hold the “increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above preindustrial levels and to pursue efforts to limit the temperature increase to 1.5°C.” Comparison of the costs and benefits for different warming limits requires an understanding of how risks vary between warming limits. As changes in risk are often associated with changes in exposure due to projected changes in local or regional climate extremes, we analyze differences in the risks of extreme daily temperatures and extreme daily precipitation amounts under different warming limits. We show that global warming of 2°C would result in substantially larger changes in the probabilities of the extreme events than global warming of 1.5°C. For example, over the global land area, the probability of a warm extreme that occurs once every 20 years on average in the current climate is projected to increase 130% and 340% at the 1.5°C and 2.0°C warming levels, respectively (median values). Moreover, the relative changes in probability are larger for rarer, more extreme events, implying that risk assessments need to carefully consider the extreme event thresholds at which vulnerabilities occur.
Forbidden Fruit: Dominance Relationships and the Control of Shoot Architecture
Authors: Walker Catriona H. , Bennett Tom
Published: April 2018

Plants continually integrate environmental information to make decisions about their development. Correlative controls, in which one part of the plant regulates the growth of another, form an important class of regulatory mechanism, but their study has been neglected, and their molecular basis remains unclear. In this article, we examine the role of negative correlative controls or ‘dominance’ phenomena in the regulation of shoot architecture. Apical dominance, in which actively growing shoot branches inhibit the growth of other branches, is perhaps the most famous example of this. We discuss the recent progress made in understanding the mechanistic basis for apical dominance and three plausible models for shoot branching control. We then use the apical dominance paradigm to explore other dominance phenomena, including seed–seed inhibition (carpic dominance), seed‐to‐meristem inhibition, and the control of maternal senescence by seeds. We propose that apical and carpic dominance may share a common mechanistic basis rooted in auxin transport canalisation. Conversely, we conclude that seed‐to‐meristem inhibition and seed‐driven senescence may not be ‘true’ correlative controls, but rather more complex phenomena in which seed set plays a permissive rather than instructive role. Overall, we attempt to develop a coherent framework for understanding the developmental and regulatory mechanisms that control shoot architecture and provide new insights into the end of flowering, fruiting, and growth.
Demand for ready‐to‐eat cereals with household‐level censored purchase data and nutrition label information: A distance metric approach
Authors: Li Jing , Jaenicke Edward C. , Anekwe Tobenna D. , Bonanno Alessandro
Published: April 2018

We investigate the demand for ready‐to‐eat (RTE) breakfast cereals in the United States using censored, household‐level purchase data matched with product‐level nutrition data. Instead of using a multi‐equation based approach, we propose an alternative approach that relies on Pinkse, Slade, and Brett's (2002) distance‐metric (DM) method, which is highly practical and less burdensome computationally than some multiple‐equation methods. Among other results, we find that households with children are less price sensitive to cereals with whole grain as the first ingredient and to cereals that contain a higher number of fortified vitamins. In addition, we find that households tend to switch between products with similar fiber content and whole grain content profiles.
Outcome of children with newly diagnosed acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with CCLG‐ALL 2008: The first nation‐wide prospective multicenter study in China
Authors: Cui Lei , Li Zhi‐Gang , Chai Yi‐Huan , Yu Jie , Gao Ju , Zhu Xiao‐Fan , Jin Run‐Ming , Shi Xiao‐Dong , Zhang Le‐Ping , Gao Yi‐Jin , Zhang Rui‐Dong , Zheng Hu‐Yong , Hu Shao‐Yan , Cui Ying‐Hui , Zhu Yi‐Ping , Zou Yao , Ng Margaret H. L. , Xiao Yan , Li Jun‐Hui , Zhang Yong‐Hong , He Hai‐Long , Xian Ying , Wang Tian‐You , Li Chi‐Kong , Wu Min‐Yuan ,   on behalf of the Chinese Children Leukemia Group(CCLG)
Published: April 2018

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy among children. The trial Chinese Children Leukemia Group (CCLG)‐ALL 2008 was a prospective clinical trial designed to improve treatment outcome of childhood ALL through the first nation‐wide collaborative study in China. Totally 2231 patients were recruited from ten tertiary hospitals in eight cities. The patients were stratified according to clinical‐biological characteristics and early treatment response. Standard risk (SR) and intermediate risk (IR) groups were treated with a modified BFM based protocol, and there was 25%‐50% dose reduction during intensification phases in the SR group. Patients in high risk (HR) group received a more intensive maintenance treatment. Minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring with treatment adjustment was performed in two hospitals (the MRD group). Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 2100 patients (94.1%). At five years, the estimate for overall survival (OS) and event‐free survival (EFS) of the whole group was 85.3% and 79.9%, respectively. The cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR) was 15.3% at five years. The OS, EFS and CIR for the SR group were 91.5%, 87.9%, and 9.7%, respectively. The outcome of the MRD group is better than the non‐MRD group (5y‐EFS: 82.4%vs78.3%,P = .038; 5y‐CIR: 10.7%vs18.0%,P < .001). Our results demonstrated that the large‐scale multicenter trial for pediatric ALL was feasible in China. Dose reduction in the SR group could achieve high EFS. MRD‐based risk stratification might improve the treatment outcome for childhood ALL.
Propagations of Airy Beams and Nonlinear Accelerating Optical Beams in Photorefractive Crystals with Asymmetric Nonlocality
Authors: Zhan Kaiyun , Yang Zhendong , Liu Bing , Xu Xianfeng , Jiao Zhiyong , Jia Yulei
Published: April 2018

The impact of the asymmetric nonlocal diffusion nonlinearity of Airy beams and nonlinear accelerating beams supported by photorefractive crystals is addressed. It is revealed how the asymmetric nonlocal response alters the evolution of these optical beams. It is found that the evolution of these beams presents a bending action under the influence of the diffusion nonlinearity. It is also shown that nonlinear accelerating beams can exist in photorefractive crystals with asymmetric nonlocality. These accelerating solutions have the same Airy‐like tail, and accelerate along parabolic trajectories. Soliton states are formed in the interaction of both in‐phase and out‐of‐phase Airy beams and nonlinear accelerating beams and also present a bending action because of the action of diffusion nonlinearity.
The Influence of β‐diiminato Ligands on As4 Activation by Cobalt Complexes
Authors: Spitzer Fabian , Balázs Gábor , Graßl Christian , Keilwerth Martin , Meyer Karsten , Scheer Manfred
Published: April 2018

In a systematic study of the activation of As4, three [LCo(tol)] (L=β‐diiminato) complexes have revealed different steric and electronic influences. 2,6‐Diisopropylphenyl (Dipp) and 2,6‐dimethylphenyl (dmp) flanking groups were used, one of the ligands with H backbone substituents (β‐dialdiminate L0) and two with Me substituents (β‐diketiminates L3 and L1). In the reaction with As4, different dinuclear products [(LCo)2As4] (LM=L0 (1), L1 (2), L3 (3)) were isolated, with all showing differently shaped [Co2As4] cores in the solid state: octahedral in 1, prismatic in 2, and asterane‐like in 3. Thermal treatment of 3 leads to the abstraction of one arsenic atom to yield [(L3Co)2As3] (4). All products were comprehensively characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, FD‐MS, and 1H NMR spectroscopy. A rational explanation for the different reactivity is also proposed and DFT calculations shed light on the nature of the highly flexible [Co2As4] cores.
New thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives combined with organometallic ferrocene: Synthesis, structure and antiparasitic activity
Authors: Oderinlo Ogunyemi O. , Tukulula Matshawandile , Isaacs Michelle , Hoppe Heinrich C. , Taylor Dale , Smith Vincent J. , Khanye Setshaba D.
Published: April 2018

Favourable physicochemical properties of an organometallic ferrocene and antiplasmodial potency of compounds containing the thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione framework (TZD‐4) prompted us to explore compounds containing both the thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione core and the ferrocenyl unit with the primary aim of identifying compounds with promising antiprotozoal activities. Thus, a new series of rationally designed ferrocene‐based thiazolidine‐2,4‐dione derivatives, containing a selection of secondary cyclic amines, was synthesised and fully characterised using standard spectroscopic techniques. The resulting compounds were screened for their antiplasmodial and antitrypanosomal activities against both the chloroquine‐resistant (Dd2) strain of Plasmodium falciparum and the Nagana Trypanosoma brucei brucei 427. The general trend that emerged indicated that the target compounds were more selective towards T. b. brucei compared to the P. falciparum parasite. Moreover, the analogues bearing methylpiperazine (8a) and piperidine (8b) rings were more active against T. b. brucei compared to hit compound TZD‐4. Except compound 8b, which appeared promising, none of the synthesised compounds showed better activity than TZD‐4 against the P. falciparum parasite. All the synthesised compounds were non‐toxic and often showed >90% viability of the HeLa cell line screened.
Is the Pelvis Sexually Dimorphic in Turtles?
Authors: Cordero Gerardo A.
Published: April 2018

Variation in the pelvis is intrinsically linked to life history evolution. This is perhaps best exemplified by sexually dimorphic pelvic variation in bipedal primates. Yet, whether this trend is applicable to other taxa is unclear. Using turtle anatomy as a model, I tested the hypothesis that the pelvis is also sexually dimorphic in egg‐laying tetrapods. I sampled a natural turtle population with female‐biased sexual size dimorphism (i.e., larger females). I show that the area of the egg canal (pelvic aperture) is greater in females. Morphological differences between sexes were predicted by body size, such that skeletal shape deformation of the female ilium increased proportionally with pelvic aperture area. These results suggest that sexual pelvic dimorphism might be indirectly maintained by selection for large female size, consistent with the pelvic constraint hypothesis in reptiles. However, subsampling of similarly sized individuals revealed that pelvic aperture area and shape may vary in disproportion to body size. Comparisons of pelvic ontogenetic trajectories across multiple lineages are needed to clarify the occurrence of sexual pelvic dimorphism in turtles and other egg‐laying tetrapods. My findings provide impetus to further explore how sex‐specific functional demands influence the architecture of the pelvic girdle. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphology of a Hidden Tube: Resin Injection and CT Scanning Reveal the Three‐dimensional Structure of the Spiracle in the Japanese Bullhead Shark Heterodontus japonicus (Chondrichthyes; Heterodontiformes; Heterodontidae)
Authors: Tomita Taketeru , Toda Minoru , Miyamoto Kei , Ueda Keiichi , Nakaya Kazuhiro
Published: April 2018

The spiracle of elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) is a gill‐slit‐derived tube located behind the eye. Its inner structure was well studied in the late nineteenth to early twentieth century, but its entire morphology has rarely been characterized and is poorly understood. The present study shows the three‐dimensional morphology of the spiracular tube for the first time, using resin injection and CT scanning, in the Japanese bullhead shark. The spiracular tube is characterized by the presence of two caeca (dorsal and ventral spiracular caeca) on the medial wall of the spiracular tube and the presence of a pseudobranch on the anterior wall. This study provides a basis for further studies on the morphological diversity, function, and evolution of spiracles in elasmobranch fishes. Anat Rec, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of Changes in Inflammation on Estimated Ten‐Year Cardiovascular Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Yu Zhi , Yang Nicole , Everett Brendan M. , Frits Michelle , Iannaccone Christine , Coblyn Jonathan , Weinblatt Michael , Shadick Nancy , Solomon Daniel H. , Liao Katherine P.
Published: April 2018

Objective

Current validated cardiovascular (CV) risk estimates were developed in populations with relatively stable levels of inflammation, whereas patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) routinely experience significant changes in inflammation. This study was undertaken to test whether changes in inflammation affect estimated CV risk as measured using validated population‐based risk calculators.

Methods

Participants in a prospective RA cohort who experienced a decrease or an increase of ≥10 mg/liter in the C‐reactive protein (CRP) level at 2 consecutive time points 1 year apart (CRP decrease group and CRP increase group, respectively) were included in this study. We estimated 10‐year CV risk using the following calculators: Framingham Risk Score, 2013 American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Risk Score, Reynolds Risk Score (RRS), and QRISK2. Of these calculators, only the RRS includes a variable addressing the CRP level. Paired t‐tests were performed to compare risk scores at baseline and 1‐year follow‐up. We calculated the correlations between the changes in risk scores and changes in pro–B‐type natriuretic peptide (pro BNP), a surrogate marker of CV risk.

Results

One hundred eighty RA patients were included in the study (mean age 57.8 years, 84% female, 80% seropositive). Of the calculators studied, only the RRS was sensitive to changes in inflammation; an increase in inflammation was associated with increased estimated CV risk (P < 0.0001), and only the RRS was correlated with changes in proBNP (r = 0.17, P = 0.03).

Conclusion

Our data showed no significant change in CV risk estimated using validated general population CV risk calculators except for the RRS. These findings suggest that CV risk may be modulated by changes in inflammation in RA, which is not typically considered when using existing CV risk calculators.
2D Titanium Carbide/Reduced Graphene Oxide Heterostructures for Supercapacitor Applications
Authors: Navarro‐Suárez Adriana M. , Maleski Kathleen , Makaryan Taron , Yan Jun , Anasori Babak , Gogotsi Yury
Published: April 2018

Solution‐processable two‐dimensional (2D) materials offer the possibility of manufacturing heterostructures with various properties, creating a way to tune materials towards a specific application. Two different 2D materials, titanium carbide MXene (Ti3C2Tx) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO), have shown promising results for supercapacitor applications due to their flake‐like morphology, high conductivity; and ability to intercalate molecules or ions for charge storage. Here, we demonstrate the self‐assembly of a heterostructure between negatively charged Ti3C2Tx and positively charged modified rGO after shear mixing. Changes in zeta (ζ) potential, X‐ray diffraction (XRD) patterns; and Raman spectra confirm the assembly of this heterostructure. The produced rGO : Ti3C2Tx heterostructures were used as electrodes for supercapacitors. The addition of rGO to Ti3C2Tx allowed some widening of the voltage window. Moreover, due to the synergistic effect of these materials, an increase of the capacitance value was observed. An electrode film composed of rGO (1 wt.%) and Ti3C2Tx (99 wt.%) achieved capacitance values up to 254 F ⋅ g−1 at 2 mV ⋅ s−1 and 193 F ⋅ g−1 at 100 mV ⋅ s−1.
Specific Spatial Localization of Actin and DNA in a Water/Water Microdroplet: Self‐Emergence of a Cell‐Like Structure
Authors: Nakatani Naoki , Sakuta Hiroki , Hayashi Masahito , Tanaka Shunsuke , Takiguchi Kingo , Tsumoto Kanta , Yoshikawa Kenichi
Published: April 2018

The effect of binary hydrophilic polymers on a pair of representative bio‐macromolecules in a living cell has been examined. The results showed that these bio‐macromolecules exhibited specific localization in cell‐sized droplets that were spontaneously formed through water/water microphase segregation under crowding conditions with coexisting polymers. In these experiments, a simple binary polymer system with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and dextran (DEX) was used. Under the conditions of microphase segregation, DNA was entrapped within cell‐sized droplets rich in DEX. Similarly, F‐actin, linearly polymerized actin, was entrapped specifically within microdroplets rich in DEX, whereas G‐actin, a monomeric actin, was distributed evenly inside and outside these droplets. This study has been extended to a system with both F‐actin and DNA, and it was found that DNA molecules were localized separately from aligned F‐actin proteins to create microdomains inside microdroplets, reflecting the self‐emergence of a cellular morphology similar to a stage of cell division.
Kinetic resolution of N‐acetyl‐DL‐alanine methyl ester using immobilized Escherichia coli cells bearing recombinant esterase from Bacillus cereus
Authors: Zheng Jianyong , Lan Xing , Huang Lijuan , Zhang Yinjun , Wang Zhao
Published: April 2018

D‐alanine is widely used in medicine, food, additives, cosmetics, and other consumer items. Esterase derived from Bacillus cereus WZZ001 exhibits high hydrolytic activity and stereoselectivity. In this study, we expressed the esterase gene in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). We analyzed the biocatalytic resolution of N‐acetyl‐DL‐alanine methyl ester by immobilized whole E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells, which were prepared through embedding and cross‐linking.

We analyzed biocatalytic resolution under the optimal conditions of pH of 7.0, temperature of 40°C and substrate concentration of at 700 mM with an enantiomeric excess of 99.99% and e.e.p of 99.50%. The immobilized recombinant B. cereus esterase E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells exhibited excellent reusability and retained 86.04% of their initial activity after 15 cycles of repeated reactions. The immobilized cells are efficient and stable biocatalysts for the preparation of N‐acetyl‐D‐alanine methyl esters.
Heightened BRAF and BRAF pseudogene expression levels in 2 Japanese patients with Erdheim‐Chester disease
Authors: Murakami Yukako , Wataya‐Kaneda Mari , Kitayama Kazuko , Arase Noriko , Murota Hiroyuki , Hirayasu Kouyuki , Arase Hisashi , Katayama Ichiro
Published: April 2018

Background

Erdheim‐Chester disease (ECD) is a rare form of non‐Langerhans cell histiocytosis with multi‐organ involvement. Many cases have mutations in the BRAF and other genes involved in the MAPK activation pathway. Pseudogenes, which regulate their parental genes post‐transcriptionally, are overexpressed in various tumors, but we found no previous reports of high pseudogene expression in ECD.

Methods

We evaluated the xanthoma tissues of two patients with ECD. BRAF from the genomic DNA of the tissue was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The amplified fragment was directly sequenced to search the BRAFV600E mutation. Real‐time PCR was performed to amplify cDNA via primer sets specific for either BRAF or BRAF pseudogenes.

Results

The first case, with advanced stable ECD, expressed high levels of BRAF pseudogenes and BRAF, and a low frequency of the BRAFV600E mutation. The second case, with early active ECD, showed high expression levels of both BRAF pseudogenes and BRAF gene but no BRAFV600E mutation.

Discussion

In the early‐stage of ECD, high levels of BRAF pseudogene expression may boost BRAF expression, promoting the proliferation of xanthomas. The BRAF‐V600E mutation may be associated with advanced stable stage.

Conclusion

This is the first report of ECD without a BRAFV600E mutation and with elevated BRAF gene and BRAF pseudogene expression. The etiologic ramifications of BRAF or BRAF pseudogenes in patents with ECD will be the focus of future study.
An adolescent case of xeroderma pigmentosum variant confirmed by the onset of sun exposure‐related skin cancer during Crohn's disease treatment
Authors: Terada Aoi , Aoshima Masahiro , Tanizaki Hideaki , Nakazawa Yuka , Ogi Tomoo , Tokura Yoshiki , Moriwaki Shinichi
Published: April 2018

The patient was a 16‐year‐old boy who was diagnosed with Crohn's disease at 13 years of age, who was treated with mesalazine, azathioprine, and infliximab. Concurrently, the patient developed small freckle‐like pigmented spots on sun‐exposed areas, which gradually increased in number. At 14 and 16 years of age, a blue‐gray macule and a nodule appeared on his face, respectively. A histopathological examination revealed that the macule had only postinflammatory pigmentation, while the nodule was basal cell carcinoma. The sensitivity to UV‐killing by colony formation of the patient's cells was normal but was enhanced by caffeine treatment. In addition, a pathologic mutation in the POLH gene was identified and a diagnosis of xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XP‐V) was established. XP‐V is a cutaneous type of XP that is commonly diagnosed from middle age after the induction of skin cancer on sun‐exposed areas. Our patient had a genetically sensitive background (XP‐V), and we considered that immunosuppressive agents for Crohn's disease may have enhanced the photocarcinogenesis at a young age. This finding implies that we should be careful about a skin cancer production and that protection from UV may be essential when pediatric patients with a genetic background of UV sensitivity take immunosuppressive agents.
A multi‐GPU protein database search model with hybrid alignment manner on distributed GPU clusters
Authors: Zhou Wei , Cai Zhanxiu , Lian Bo , Wang Jincai , Ma Jianping , Sun Bin , Yu Qian
Published: April 2018

In computational biology, technologies of protein database search become more and more indispensable for researchers. As the database size rapidly grows, the search complexity is improving, leading to an excessively long runtime. In this paper, we provide a novel parallel protein database search model based on distributed GPU clusters. The proposed model targets clusters composed of personal computers equipped with graphic processing unit (GPU) cards and can employ computing power of GPUs and CPUs in the cluster nodes. The workload distribution strategy is designed to take the performance of each node into account, which enables the model to work well with inhomogeneous cluster nodes with different hardware configurations. A hybrid alignment approach, an extension to our previous work, is used in our model to make global and local alignments done concurrently. The parallel program is realized with compute unified device architecture (CUDA) parallel framework and Microsoft message passing interface (MS‐MPI). In the experiment, the model is tested on a small cluster composed of three personal computers. The results show that the proposed model can achieve a speedup up to 159.89 times over the serial counterpart when searching the Swiss‐Prot database.