bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability of lumped hydrological modeling in a semi-arid mountainous catchment facing water-use changes
Authors: Hublart P. , Ruelland D. , García de Cortázar-Atauri I. , Gascoin S. , Lhermitte S. , Ibacache A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. This paper explores the reliability of a hydrological modeling framework in a mesoscale (1515 km2) catchment of the dry Andes (30° S) where irrigation water-use and snow sublimation represent a significant part of the annual water balance. To this end, a 20 year simulation period encompassing a wide range of climate and water-use conditions was selected to evaluate three types of integrated Models referred to as A, B and C. These Models share the same runoff generation and routing module but differ in their approach to snowmelt modeling and irrigation water-use. Model A relies on a simple degree-day approach to estimate snowmelt rates and assumes that irrigation impacts can be neglected at the catchment scale. Model B ignores irrigation impacts just as Model A but uses an enhanced degree-day approach to account for the effects of net radiation and sublimation on melt rates. Model C relies on the same snowmelt routine as Model B but incorporates irrigation impacts on natural streamflow using a conceptual irrigation module. Overall, the reliability of probabilistic streamflow predictions was greatly improved with Model C, resulting in narrow uncertainty bands and reduced structural errors, notably during dry years. This model-based analysis also stressed the importance of considering sublimation in empirical snowmelt models used in the subtropics, and provided evidence that water abstractions from the unregulated river is impacting on the hydrological response of the system. This work also highlighted areas requiring additional research, including the need for a better conceptualization of runoff generation processes in the dry Andes.
Expanding the validity of the ensemble Kalman filter without the intrinsic need for inflation
Authors: Bocquet M. , Raanes P. N. , Hannart A.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a powerful data assimilation method meant for high-dimensional nonlinear systems. But its implementation requires somewhat ad hoc procedures such as localization and inflation. The recently developed finite-size ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF-N) does not require multiplicative inflation meant to counteract sampling errors. Aside from the practical interest in avoiding the tuning of inflation in perfect model data assimilation experiments, it also offers theoretical insights and a unique perspective on the EnKF. Here, we revisit, clarify and correct several key points of the EnKF-N derivation. This simplifies the use of the method, and expands its validity. The EnKF is shown to not only rely on the observations and the forecast ensemble, but also on an implicit prior assumption, termed hyperprior, that fills in the gap of missing information. In the EnKF-N framework, this assumption is made explicit through a Bayesian hierarchy. This hyperprior has so far been chosen to be the uninformative Jeffreys prior. Here, this choice is revisited to improve the performance of the EnKF-N in the regime where the analysis is strongly dominated by the prior. Moreover, it is shown that the EnKF-N can be extended with a normal-inverse Wishart informative hyperprior that introduces additional information on error statistics. This can be identified as a hybrid EnKF–3D-Var counterpart to the EnKF-N.
A Retrospective, Iterative, Geometry-Based (RIGB) tilt correction method for radiation observed by Automatic Weather Stations on snow-covered surfaces: application to Greenland
Authors: Wang W. , Zender C. S. , van As D. , Smeets P. C. J. P. , van den Broeke M. R.
Published: November 2015

Abstract. Surface melt and mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet may play crucial roles in global climate change due to their positive feedbacks and large fresh water storage. With few other regular meteorological observations available in this extreme environment, measurements from Automatic Weather Stations (AWS) are the primary data source for studying surface energy budgets, and for validating satellite observations and model simulations. Station tilt, due to irregular surface melt and/or compaction, causes considerable biases in the AWS shortwave radiation measurements. In this study, we identify tilt-induced biases in the climatology of surface shortwave radiative flux and albedo, and retrospectively correct these by iterative application of solar geometric principles. We found, over all the AWS from the Greenland Climate Network (GC-Net), the Kangerlussuaq transect (K-transect) and the Programme for Monitoring of the Greenland Ice Sheet (PROMICE) networks, insolation on fewer than 40 % of clear days peaks within ±0.5 h of solar noon time, with the largest shift exceeding 3 h due to tilt. Hourly absolute biases in the magnitude of surface insolation can reach up to 200 W m−2. We estimate the tilt angles and their directions based on the solar geometric relationship between the simulated insolation at a horizontal surface and the observed insolation by these tilted AWS under clear-sky conditions. Our adjustment reduces the Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) against references from both satellite observation and reanalysis by ~ 20W W m−2, and raises the correlation coefficients with them to above 0.95. Averaged over the whole Greenland Ice Sheet in the melt season, the adjustment in insolation to compensate station tilt is 18 ± 13 W m−2, enough to melt 0.40 ± 0.29 m of snow water equivalent. The adjusted diurnal cycles of albedo are smoother, with consistent semi-smiling patterns. The seasonal cycles and inter-annual variabilities of albedo agree better with previous studies. This tilt-corrected shortwave radiation dataset derived using the Retrospective, Iterative, Geometry-Based (RIGB) method provide more accurate observations and validations for surface energy budgets studies on the Greenland Ice Sheet, including albedo variations, surface melt simulations and cloud radiative forcing estimates.
Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Activity in Japanese Burdock Roots
Authors: Kawamura Shougo , Murakami Takayuki , Ishihara Kohji , Masuoka Noriyoshi
Published: November 2015

Japanese burdock roots were extracted with aqueous methanol solution. A compound having the inhibitory activity of angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE)[EC 3.4.15.1] was purified and identified as nicotianamine, (2S, 3’S, 3”S)-N-[N-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)-3-amino-3-carboxypropyl]azetidine-2-carboxylic acid. The compound content in burdock roots and related food products were determined. Data revealed that burdock root is a good source of nicotianamine (NA).
Enhancement of the Capabilities of CNC Machines via the Addition of a New Counter boring Cycle with a Milling Cutter
Authors: Mohamed Abbas Adel Taha
Published: November 2015

The operations of the machine, such as milling or drilling are the processes of shape transformation in which the metal is removed from the material stock to generate a part. The contact amongst the work piece and the generating tool creates substantial force. The study intends to examine and analyze different techniques of the model-based procedure control. Moreover, this research also aims at assessing a feature based approach, i.e., CNC approach. The program of CNC consists of a combination of machine specific instructions and machine specific codes. After reviewing the manuals of all modern CNC units from the different manufacturers, no efficient cycle was found for boring and counter-boring holes using a milling cutter. This research encapsulates the an investigation for the development of general programming algorithm, which is applied for boring or counter-boring many holes of different diameters using only one standard milling cutter. This algorithm has been integrated to produce a user-defined cycle (G888) and a subroutine for boring or counter-boring holes to achieve specific counter-bore diameters with accurate tolerance and good surface finishing. This programming algorithm can be equipped with our user-defined cycle (G881) to enable the machining of many counter-bore holes lying in a straight line (row/column/diagonal) or holes lying in regular or inclined matrix form. The algorithm can also be equipped with the presented user-defined cycle (G890) to machine counter-bore holes that form a circular pattern.
Over goed en slecht peilen: de casus van de koopzondag
Authors: Bethlehem Jelke
Published: November 2015

About good and bad polling: the case of Sunday shopping

Polling is being done a great deal in the Netherlands, especially during election campaigns when market researchers sometimes present new polls every day. The national government also takes polls that are often larger and more complicated than the quick and small polls conducted by market research agencies. They are often called surveys, and they gather information on the state of affairs in society. That information can become the basis for new policies. Local governments also take polls, although on a smaller scale than national government. Dutch municipalities have a tradition of organizing omnibus surveys in which (as the name indicates) several subjects can be addressed. Nowadays many ‘omnibus surveys have been replaced by ‘citizen panels’. One thing all these polls and surveys have in common is that they are based on random samples of the population and statements are made about the population as a whole based on these samples. Such generalizations are only possible if the sample is drawn using by random sampling methods. This article describes good and bad polling. This is illustrated using a unique example: the research into the opinion of the inhabitants of Alphen aan den Rijn, a Dutch municipality, on Sunday shopping. At the same time, and using the same questionnaire, three different polls were carried out. This example makes clear that the wrong sample can lead to incorrect conclusions and maybe to incorrect policy decisions.
Heeft de omwenteling in het lokaal bestuur wel plaatsgevonden?
Authors: Schrijver Jan
Published: November 2015

Has a revolt in local administration really taken place? Doubts on the predicted shift from government to governance

On April 8th 2015, Jan Schrijver got his PhD at Maastricht University (Arno Korsten was his doctoral thesis supervisor) on research into 40 years of Dutch administrative policy (1969 to 2009). This period largely coincided with his career as a senior civil servant (1976 to 2003). The expectation often predicted in Public Administration was that a shift from government to governance (from cockpit thinking to a network society) would occur in the dominant administrative theory. However, this shift was not detected in the Departments of Home Affairs and Agriculture during the research period. In the literature on Dutch local administration, qualitative (and often ambivalent) information is generally to be found. On the one hand, this literature emphasizes the inevitability of this shift and offers a lot of case descriptions. On the other hand, Dutch handbooks on local administration devote little attention to this development and contain many views that point to stubborn administrative methods employed by old-style governors. The author concludes that Dutch national administration converges to one firm, while local administration diverges into a leading group of municipalities and a group of followers.
Cheilostome Bryozoa from Penang and Langkawi, Malaysia
Authors: Taylor Paul D. , Tan Shau-Hwai Aileen
Published: November 2015

Twenty-three species of cheilostome bryozoans are described from the Malaysian islands of Penang and Langkawi based on a brief reconnaisance survey of shore localities. These are the first bryozoans to be formally described from either island and they demonstrate the potential for further research on these neglected suspension feeders. Of the 23 species recorded, 12 are anascans, half of which are malacostegines, and 11 are ascophorans. The new combinations Acanthodesia falsitenuis (Liu, 1992), A. perambulata (Louis & Menon, 2009) and A. irregulata (Liu, 1992) are introduced. Most of the species recorded are widespread in the Indo-Pacific, and some are apparently globally distributed in the tropics and subtropics, including the invasive fouling species Bugula neritina, Hippoporina indica and Schizoporella japonica, as well as the coral reef associates Cranosina coronata and Hippopodina feegeensis. Plastic debris and glass bottles were encrusted by Jellyella eburnea, a coloniser of floating biological and man-made objects that is becoming widespread in the tropics and subtropics of the world’s oceans.
Conhecimento das puérperas com relação aos métodos não farmacológicos de alívio da dor do parto
Authors: Almeida Janie Maria de , Acosta Laís Guirao , Pinhal Marília Guizelini
Published: November 2015

The use of non-pharmacological methods for the relief of pain in parturients increases pain tolerance, providing benefits for most women and participation in the birth process. These practices are designed to make birth the most natural possible, reducing interventions, unnecessary Csections, and the administration of drugs. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the knowledge of mothers about philanthropic maternity in relation to pain relief methods, verfying their opinions, and identfying the most applied technique; this was a quantitative study with the participation of 120 puerperae. The interviews were conducted during hospitalization in the maternity infirmary between February and March of 2012 and addressed issues related to socio-demographic profiles and non-pharmacological methods for the relief of labor pain. The results show that this group is characterized by young mothers, primiparous, in stable relationships, with an average education, mostly unemployed, and with a predominance of vaginal birth. The knowledge of methods during the entire pregnancy period is poor because only 23% of women knew any technique to releve pain during childbirth. Their opinion on the application of these methods was reported with mixed feelings of relief and intensfication of pain, however, favoring the evolution of labor quickly and efficiently. The most used and considered effective and comfortable technique was showering. This study showed that the focus of deficiency in the knowledge about such methods is not in the maternities, but in the prenatal care.
La «"Peregrinació del Venturós Pelegrí" ab les "Cobles de la mort"»: una sèrie de gravats en setze edicions cerverines («circa» 1730-1804)
Authors: Mahiques Climent Joan
Published: November 2015

Resum: Entre el gran nombre d’edicions de la «Peregrinació del Venturós Pelegrí» ab les «Cobles de la mort» impreses a Cervera als segles XVIII-XIX, n’estudiem setze que transmeten la mateixa sèrie de gravats, en la qual es representen algunes escenes del pelegrí visionari i/o l’ànima del purgatori que se li apareix. A banda de reproduir en facsímil tota aquesta sèrie, la portada de quinze edicions i la primera pàgina conservada d’un exemplar únic acèfal, en fem una descripció bibliogràfica i ressenyem els exemplars localitzats en biblioteques d’arreu del món. Tant des del punt de vista quantitatiu com cronològic, aquesta sèrie destaca per ser la més reiterada i documentada entre totes les que s’han imprès des del segle XVII fins a l’actualitat en edicions d’aquestes obres.Paraules clau: Universitat de Cervera, poesia impresa, bibliografia, iconografia.
Introducció monogràfic «Traducció i models lingüístics»
Authors: Guzman Pitarch Josep R. , Marco Borillo Josep
Published: November 2015

Introducció al monogràfic sobre «Traducció i models lingüístics» del número 58 (Primavera 2015) de Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia.
Dos llenguatges de traducció diferents: les dues versions de Josep Carner d’«El malalt imaginari» (1905/1909 i 1921)
Authors: Ortin Marcel
Published: November 2015

Resum: En aquest article es presenta una comparació crítica detallada dels llenguatges que va posar en joc Josep Carner en dues versions diferents d’El malalt imaginari de Molière. La primera, publicada l’any 1909, havia estat feta el 1905 per a una producció d’Adrià Gual; la segona va aparèixer el 1921 en una col·lecció d’obres literàries en traducció que dirigia Carner mateix, la Biblioteca Literària. És interessant de comparar-ne les solucions perquè aquest no és un simple cas de revisió, sinó un cas de retraducció, amb molts aspectes culturals implicats. Pompeu Fabra havia dut a terme en aquests anys una renovació severa i completa de la llengua escrita. Carner va canviar la seva concepció respecte als objectius i la pràctica de la traducció, per mirar com podia contribuir a estendre les possibilitats expressives de la llengua reformada.Paraules clau: català literari del segle XX, llenguatges de traducció, Josep Carner, Pompeu Fabra.
La traducció del cant 6è de l’«Odissea» des de la lingüística de corpus
Authors: Guzman Josep R.
Published: November 2015

Resum: Aquest article és un estudi del model de llengua de quatre traduccions del cant 6è de l’Odissea al català. Les quatre traduccions estudiades són les de Carles Riba publicades en 1919 i 1948, la traducció de Joan Aymerich de 1997 i la de Joan F. Mira de 2011. L’estudi es realitza amb instruments de la lingüística de corpus i des d’una perspectiva descriptiva. Els instruments de la lingüística de corpus ens serveixen per a delimitar aspectes traductològics relacionats amb la simplificació, l’explicitació, la normalització o la interferència i concretats en l’ús dels lemes nocionals en les quatre traduccions. Al seu torn, la perspectiva descriptiva ens permet situar l’ús d’aquests lemes nocionals en el context cultural de cada període històric de les traduccions, i serveix per a poder afirmar que les traduccions es troben vinculades directament al període en què es realitzen i aquesta integració pot permetre, fins i tot, que admeta el fet que una traducció puga arribar a ser profundament personal.Paraules clau: traducció, corpus lingüístics, Odissea, Carles Riba, Joan Aymerich, Joan F. Mira.
Models de traducció literària i audiovisual en català col·loquial: el cas de «Jackie Brown» de Quentin Tarantino
Authors: Pujol Dídac
Published: November 2015

Resum: Aquest article tracta dels models de traducció col·loquial cap al català en el cas de la versió doblada (1997), la versió subtitulada (1997) i el guió traduït (1998) de Jackie Brown (1997) de Quentin Tarantino. El nucli de l’article és l’anàlisi i la comparació de la fonètica, la morfologia, la sintaxi i el lèxic de cada traducció catalana, que s’emmarca en els models lingüístics i de traducció vigents en el període objecte d’estudi. La conclusió a la qual s’arriba és que les tres traduccions utilitzen models de llengua col·loquial diferents. El guió traduït basteix un model trencador, sobretot en qüestions de representació fonètica i en el lèxic castellà que utilitza. La versió doblada s’adequa als criteris de traducció i doblatge de TV3: d’una banda, presenta una sintaxi relativament col·loquial (menys col·loquial que la de la versió subtitulada, però no tant com la del guió traduït); i, d’altra banda, fa ús d’una morfologia estàndard que explota poc els recursos col·loquials de la llengua meta. La versió subtitulada s’acosta més a la parla col·loquial que la versió doblada, sobretot en qüestions de lèxic, àmbit en el qual utilitza molts menys castellanismes que el guió traduït.Paraules clau: traducció literària, traducció audiovisual, doblatge, subtitulació, català col·loquial, models de traducció col·loquial, Quentin Tarantino, Jackie Brown.
Relationship of central incisor implant placement to the ridge configuration anterior to the nasopalatine canal in dentate and partially edentulous individuals: a comparative study
Authors: Jia Xueting , Hu Wenjie , Meng Huanxin
Published: November 2015

Background.The aims of this study were to investigate the ridge contour anterior to the nasopalatine canal, and the difference between the incidences of the nasopalatine canal perforation in dentate and partially edentulous patients by cone-beam computed tomography.

Methods.Cone-beam computed tomography scan images from 72 patients were selected from database and divided into dentate and partially edentulous groups. The configuration of the ridge anterior to the canal including palatal concavity depth, palatal concavity height, palatal concavity angle, bone height coronal to the incisive foramen, and bone width anterior to the canal was measured. A virtual implant placement procedure was used, and the incidences of perforation were evaluated after implant placement in the cingulum position with the long axis along with the designed crown.

Results.Comparing with variable values from dentate patients, the palatal concavity depth and angle were greater by 0.9 mm and 4°, and bone height was shorter by 1.1 mm in partially edentulous patients, respectively. Bone width in edentulous patients was narrower than in dentate patients by 1.2 mm at incisive foramen level and 0.9 mm at 8 mm subcrestal level, respectively. After 72 virtual cylindrical implants (4.1 × 12 mm) were placed, a total of 12 sites (16.7%) showed a perforation and three-fourths occurred in partially edentulous patients. After replacing with 72 tapered implants (4.3 × 13 mm), only 6 implants (8.3%) broke into the canal in the partially edentulous patient group.

Conclusions.The nasopalatine canal may get close to the implant site and the bone width anterior to the canal decreases after the central incisor extraction. The incidence of nasopalatine canal perforation may occur more commonly during delayed implant placement in central incisor missing patients.
Laboratory and clinical trials of cocamide diethanolamine lotion against head lice
Authors: Burgess Ian F. , Brunton Elizabeth R. , Brown Christine M.
Published: November 2015

Context.During the late 1990s, insecticide resistance had rendered a number of treatment products ineffective; some companies saw this as an opportunity to develop alternative types of treatment. We investigated the possibility that a surfactant-based lotion containing 10% cocamide diethanolamine (cocamide DEA) was effective to eliminate head louse infestation.

Settings and Design.Initialin vitrotesting of the lotion formulation versus laboratory reared body/clothing lice, followed by two randomised, controlled, community-based, assessor blinded, clinical studies.

Materials and Methods.Preliminary laboratory tests were performed by exposing lice or louse eggs to the product using a method that mimicked the intended use. Clinical Study 1: Children and adults with confirmed head louse infestation were treated by investigators using a single application of aqueous 10% cocamide DEA lotion applied for 60 min followed by shampooing or a single 1% permethrin creme rinse treatment applied to pre-washed hair for 10 min. Clinical Study 2: Compared two treatment regimens using 10% cocamide DEA lotion that was concentrated by hair drying. A single application left on for 8 h/overnight was compared with two applications 7 days apart of 2 h duration, followed by a shampoo wash.

Results.The initial laboratory tests showed a pediculicidal effect for a 60 min application but limited ovicidal effect. A longer application time of 8 h or overnight was found capable of killing all eggs but this differed between batches of test material. Clinical Study 1: Both treatments performed badly with only 3/23 (13%) successful treatments using cocamide DEA and 5/25 (23.8%) using permethrin. Clinical Study 2: The single overnight application of cocamide DEA concentrated by hair drying gave 10/56 (17.9%) successes compared with 19/56 (33.9%) for the 2 h application regimen repeated after 1 week. Intention to treat analysis showed no significant difference (p= 0.0523) between the treatments. Over the two studies, there were 18 adverse events possibly or probably associated with treatment, most of which were increased pruritus after treatment.

Conclusions.Cocamide DEA 10% lotion, even when concentrated by hair drying, showed limited activity to eliminate head louse infestation.
Electrotransformation and Clonal Isolation of Rickettsia Species
Authors: Riley Sean P. , Macaluso Kevin R. , Martinez Juan J.
Published: November 2015

Genetic manipulation of obligate intracellular bacteria of the genus Rickettsia is currently undergoing a rapid period of change. The development of viable genetic tools, including replicative plasmids, transposons, homologous recombination, fluorescent protein‐encoding genes, and antibiotic selectable markers has provided the impetus for future research development. This unit is designed to coalesce the basic methods pertaining to creation of genetically modified Rickettsia. The unit describes a series of methods, from inserting exogenous DNA into Rickettsia to the final isolation of genetically modified bacterial clones. Researchers working towards genetic manipulation of Rickettsia or similar obligate intracellular bacteria will find these protocols to be a valuable reference. © 2015 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Internal fluid motion and particle transport in externally heated sessile droplets
Authors: Thokchom Ashish Kumar , Majumder Subrata Kumar , Singh Anugrah
Published: November 2015

Experiments and numerical simulations were carried out for an evaporating sessile droplet. The droplet was confined in the narrow gap between two glass plates, making it a “Hele‐Shaw” droplet and particle image velocimetry technique was used. In case of the evaporating droplet with pinned contact line and exposed to ambient condition, two symmetric but counterrotating convection cells were observed. After complete evaporation, the particles deposited on the substrate near the contact line. The direction of the flow was reversed for a droplet placed on uniformly heated substrate, and the final deposition pattern was a large spot at the center with a thin line at the periphery. For asymmetrically heated substrate a single convection cell appeared, and the final deposition was also asymmetric. When the liquid was subjected to localized heating, the contact line no longer remains pinned and a relatively uniform deposition was obtained after complete drying. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 62: 1308–1321, 2016
p‐Toluenesulfonic Acid‐Mediated Three‐Component Reaction “On‐Water” Protocol for the Synthesis of Novel Thiadiazolo[2,3‐b]quinazolin‐6(7H)‐ones
Authors: Wadhwa Preeti , Kaur Tanpreet , Singh Neetu , Singh Udai P. , Sharma Anuj
Published: November 2015

The first p‐toluenesulfonic acid‐mediated “on‐water” multicomponent reaction sequence for the synthesis of novel thiadiazolo[2,3‐b]quinazolinones from 5‐aryl‐1,3,4‐thiadiazol‐2‐amines, cyclic 1,3‐dicarbonyls and aldehydes with microwave irradiation is described. This protocol proceeds with high atom economy and leads to the generation of three rings, together with one C−C, one C=N and two C−N bonds in a single operation. This new methodology has advantages such as operational simplicity, mild conditions, broad functional group tolerance, simple work‐up procedure and applicability on a gram scale.
Chiral Sulfinamide Bisphosphine Catalysts: Design, Synthesis, and Application in Highly Enantioselective Intermolecular Cross‐Rauhut–Currier Reactions
Authors: Zhou Wei , Su Xiao , Tao Mengna , Zhu Chaoze , Zhao Qingjie , Zhang Junliang
Published: November 2015

A novel type of highly efficient chiral sulfinamide bisphosphine catalysts (Wei‐Phos) were developed. These could be easily prepared from commercially available starting materials. Wei‐Phos has shown good performance in the very challenging intermolecular cross‐Rauhut–Currier reactions of vinyl ketones and 3‐acyl acrylates or 2‐ene‐1,4‐diones, leading to the R‐C products in high yields with up to 99 % ee under 2.5–5 mol% catalyst loading. The highly regio‐ and enantio‐selective cross‐Rauhut–Currier reactions of 2‐ene‐1,4‐diones and vinyl ketone have yet reported so far.
A [4+1] Cyclative Capture Approach to 3H‐Indole‐N‐oxides at Room Temperature by Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed CH Activation
Authors: Yang Yaxi , Wang Xuan , Li Yuanchao , Zhou Bing
Published: November 2015

The rhodium(III)‐catalyzed [3+2] CH cyclization of aniline derivatives and internal alkynes represents a useful contribution to straightforward synthesis of indoles. However, there is no report on the more challenging synthesis of pharmaceutically important N‐hydroxyindoles and 3H‐indole‐N‐oxides. Reported herein is the first rhodium(III)‐catalyzed [4+1] CH oxidative cyclization of nitrones with diazo compounds to access 3H‐indole‐N‐oxides. More significantly, this reaction proceeds at room temperature and has been extended to the synthesis of N‐hydroxyindoles and N‐hydroxyindolines.
In vitro evaluation of polymeric formulations designed for use in alveolar osteitis
Authors: Nowak Karolina M. , Szterk Arkadiusz , Szymborski Tomasz , Rudnicka Karolina , Fiedor Piotr , Bodek Kazimiera H.
Published: November 2015

In this article, we present a potential use of biodegradable polymers as a drug‐delivery system designed for alveolar osteitis (AO) management. The release characteristics of lidocaine hydrochloride from alginate or hyaluronate xerogels, which covered the microcrystalline chitosan scaffold, were examined as drug carriers, wound dressings, and potential devices in bone regeneration. The materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy to confirm that there was no additional covalent bonding between the polymeric membranes and the anesthetic agent. Surface‐eroding matrices (ca. 120 μm) encapsulated the main substance, and the morphologies of all of the structures were measured by scanning electron microscopy. Positive results were obtained, and the data suggested an important impact of materials selection on the physicochemical properties and drug release. Additionally, the mechanical properties, such as the hardness, adhesiveness, springiness, and cohesiveness, of the tested materials were evaluated. A study of the swelling confirmed one of the assumptions that the materials could be used as a potential wound dressing and emphasized the resistance of the materials in the condition imitating the movement of the masticatory system. A cytotoxicity test of the formulations was performed to prove the materials’ nontoxicity. The aim of this study was to design and propose an in vitro evaluation of a new drug formulation as a potential application for the treatment of AO. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 42991.
Directional self‐assembly by electrospun wet fibers
Authors: Guo Xiaoming , Yao Yongyi , Zhou Tao , Xiang Ruili , Chen Minzhu
Published: November 2015

In this study, we examined directional self‐assembly by electrospun wet fibers. The landing point of the wet fibers was controllable as its trajectory was strictly limited by the adjustment of the parameters of electrospinning. The wet fibers would not stack on the grounded plate in an irregular pattern but in the direction of an electric field in sequence. The preliminary wet fibers deposited and erected on the ground plate to form a controllable circle. The subsequent wet fibers traveled to the top of the circle directionally to organize a mesh tube. The apical circle of the mesh tube was the precise landing point of the subsequent wet fibers. With the wet fibers landing continuously, the mesh tube grew longer and longer. Finally, the controllable circle grew to be the growing mesh tube step by step. We discovered that the mesh tube was assembled by fibers spontaneously in the electrostatic field. In this article, we also try to explain the mechanism of self‐assembly and the formation of wet fibers. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43003.
Melt processed elemental sulfur reinforced polyethylene composites
Authors: Jena Kishore K. , Alhassan Saeed M.
Published: November 2015

Elemental sulfur represents a largely unutilized resource for high performance materials development. In this context, elemental sulfur was investigated as reinforcing agent for high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites via extrusion. We were able to produce homogenous composites with sulfur content up to 30 wt %. Compounding was done at 190°C well above the polymerization temperature of elemental sulfur. Infrared and Raman spectroscopy showed that sulfur did not undergo chemical reaction with HDPE. Additionally, Raman spectroscopy showed that sulfur exists in its most stable allotrope, cyclooctasulfur (S8). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that sulfur is present in non‐orthorhombic crystal and X‐ray diffraction confirms the same. Results suggest that sulfur is predominantly in its cyclooctasulfur allotrope and occupies the amorphous region of HDPE. According to TEM and SEM microscopy, the composites were of high quality, smooth and without distinguishable defects. Quality and smoothness of composites depend on the experimental parameters and sulfur loading. The addition of elemental sulfur significantly improved the elongation at break of the composites from 835 to 1202% (43% increases with 15 wt % sulfur) despite the obvious fact that HDPE possess an already impressive elongation at break quality. Such phenomena have not been reported in the literature. The improved composites would be suitable for a variety of engineering applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43060.
Electrostatically driven modulation of the reinforcement of agarose hydrogels by cellulose nanowhiskers
Authors: Le Goff Kevin J. , Gaillard Cédric , Garnier Catherine , Aubry Thierry
Published: November 2015

The modulation of the reinforcement effect brought by the addition of tunicate cellulose nanowhiskers with different surface charge densities to an agarose hydrogel matrix has been studied using linear viscoelastic measurements. The cellulose nanowhiskers were characterized using transmission electron microscopy, and their surface charge was determined by a titration method. The results show that increasing the charge at the surface of nanowhiskers tends to enhance the reinforcement effect, because of a better dispersion of nanowhiskers. However, the results also suggest the existence of an optimum surface charge, corresponding to a maximum reinforcement effect at a given volume fraction. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43063.
Characterization of the hydrogen bond in polyurethane/attapulgite nanocomposites
Authors: Ti Yang , Wen Qiang , Chen Dajun
Published: November 2015

In this article, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/attapulgite (AT) nanocomposites were prepared by solution blending. The interaction between AT and TPU was investigated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The carbonyl stretching region (1680–1760 cm−1) of infrared spectra was studied to investigate the difference of the hydrogen bonding degree of the samples. The degree of hydrogen‐bonded carbonyl groups of the samples were found to be increased with increasing AT content and decreased with increasing temperature. The equilibrium between free and hydrogen‐bonded carbonyl groups was discussed. The values of dissociation enthalpy of the hydrogen‐bonded carbonyl groups increased with increasing AT content. Quantitative evaluations of the interaction between AT and TPU was conducted by analyzing the physical cross‐links density of the samples. The results indicated that the physical cross‐links density of the samples increased with increasing AT content. The results of tensile tests showed that with increasing AT content, the mechanical properties of the samples increased, which confirmed that strong interaction was formed between AT and TPU matrix. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43069.
Simultaneous and rapid determination of gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib plasma levels using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry in patients with non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Hayashi Hideki , Kita Yutaro , Iihara Hirotoshi , Yanase Koumei , Ohno Yasushi , Hirose Chiemi , Yamada Maya , Todoroki Kenichiro , Kitaichi Kiyoyuki , Minatoguchi Shinya , Itoh Yoshinori , Sugiyama Tadashi
Published: November 2015

A simultaneous, selective, sensitive and rapid liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the quantification of gefitinib, erlotinib and afatinib in 250 μL samples of human blood plasma. Diluted plasma samples were extracted using a liquid‐phase extraction procedure with tert‐butyl methyl ether. The three drugs were separated by high‐performance liquid chromatography using a C18 column and an isocratic mobile phase running at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min for 5 min. The drugs were detected using a tandem mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization using imatinib as an internal standard. Calibration curves were generated over the linear concentration range of 0.05–100 nm in plasma with a lower limit of quantification of 0.01 or 0.05 nm for all compounds. Finally, the validated method was applied to a clinical pharmacokinetic study in patients with nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) following the oral administration of afatinib. These results indicate that this method is suitable for assessing the risks and benefits of chemotherapy in patients with NSCLC and is useful for therapeutic drug monitoring for NSCLC treatment. As far as we know, this is the first report on LC‐MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of NSCLC tyrosine kinase inhibitor plasma concentrations including afatinib. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design and development of WebUbu: An innovating web‐based instruction tool for Linux OS courses
Authors: Garmpis Aristogiannis , Gouvatsos Nicolaos
Published: November 2015

In this paper, we introduce the analysis and the design of a new web‐based interactive software tool, called WebUbu, which has been developed to serve the undergraduate students' needs related to Linux Operating System (OS) issues. The aim of this software development was twofold: on the one hand to familiarize students with Ubuntu OS environment and, on the other hand to promote the self‐learning related to this Linux distribution, in the context of everyday OS classrooms. WbUbu software can be used only for interactive demonstration of features of Linux during lectures and to support instructors for evaluation of students' skills in the lab. For other tasks such as long term studying of Linux‐based OS's ‘physical’ Linux must be used. Our software is essentially a website that simulates Ubuntu operating system inside a web browser. Undergraduate students can easily explore both graphical user interface (GUI) and command line of Ubuntu's environment. Additionally, students can ascertain the acquired knowledge through an automated examination process and learn from their mistakes as they shown automatically by the software in real time. Educator can manage students' performances that are stored in a database system and assess the individual's cognitive progress resulting from the software contribution. However, WebUbu will give students the chance for practice and self assessment when they not involved in the University's educational process or ‘physical’ Linux is unavailable. That software intends to complement the existing teaching and learning methods concerning Operating Systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Comput Appl Eng Educ 24:313–319, 2016; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/cae; DOI 10.1002/cae.21706
How do reviews from professional critics interact with other signals of product quality? Evidence from the video game industry
Authors: Cox Joe , Kaimann Daniel
Published: November 2015

Experience goods are characterised by information asymmetry and a lack of ex ante knowledge of product quality, such that reliable external signals of quality are likely to be highly valued. Two potentially credible sources of such information are reviews from professional critics and ‘word of mouth’ from other consumers. This paper makes a direct comparison between the relative influences and interactions of reviews from both of these sources on the sales performance of video game software. In order to empirically estimate and separate the effects of the two signals, we analyze a sample of 1480 video games and their sales figures between 2004 and 2010. We find evidence to suggest that even after taking steps to control for endogeneity, reviews from professional critics have a significantly positive influence on sales which outweighs that from consumer reviews. We also find evidence to suggest that reviews from professional critics also interact significantly with other signals of product quality. Consequently, we contend that professional critics adopt the role of an influencer, whereas word‐of‐mouth opinion acts more as a predictor of sales in the market for video games. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimizing Radiation Safety in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory
Authors: Christopoulos Georgios , Makke Lorenza , Christakopoulos Georgios , Kotsia Anna , Rangan Bavana V. , Roesle Michele , Haagen Donald , Kumbhani Dharam J. , Chambers Charles E. , Kapadia Samir , Mahmud Ehtisham , Banerjee Subhash , Brilakis Emmanouil S.
Published: November 2015

Reducing radiation exposure during cardiovascular catheterization is of paramount importance for both patient and staff safety. Over the years, advances in equipment and application of radiation safety protocols have significantly reduced patient dose and operator exposure. This review examines the current status of radiation protection in the cardiac and vascular catheterization laboratory and summarizes best practices for minimizing radiation exposure. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Distortion of the left anterior descending coronary artery after pulmonary valve replacement
Authors: Séguéla Pierre‐Emmanuel , Roubertie François , Thambo Jean‐Benoit
Published: November 2015

Injury of the left main coronary artery may sometimes complicate a pulmonary valve replacement (PVR). We present the case of a 39‐year‐old man, with post‐operative distortion of the left anterior descending coronary artery, which caused onset of ventricular arrhythmia associated with electrocardiographic signs of myocardial ischemia. A coronary angiogram revealed the cause of the lesion. Stenting the coronary artery restored normal coronary blood flow and improved the patient's condition. Through this case, we describe a new life‐threatening complication after PVR. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Late tissue erosion after transcatheter closure of an atrial septal defect
Authors: Mendirichaga Rodrigo , Smairat Ramez A. , Sancassani Rhea
Published: November 2015

We present the case of a 27‐year‐old male presenting with sudden‐onset retrosternal chest pain, dyspnea, and cardiac tamponade due to erosion of an Amplatzer Atrial Septal Occluder (ASO) through the left atrial wall 4 years after placement. Emergent surgical management of the hemopericardium, followed by surgical removal of the device, repair of the left atrial wall perforation, and patch closure of the atrial septal defect (ASD) were performed successfully. Tissue erosion leading to hemopericardium and cardiac tamponade should be suspected in subjects with a history of transcatheter ASD closure who present with acute chest pain or dyspnea and signs of hemodynamic instability © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Association of periprocedural myocardial infarction with long‐term survival in patients treated with coronary revascularization therapy of chronic total occlusion
Authors: Jang Woo Jin , Yang Jeong Hoon , Choi Seung‐Hyuk , Song Young Bin , Hahn Joo‐Yong , Kim Wook Sung , Lee Young Tak , Kim Bum‐Sung , Gwon Hyeon‐Cheol
Published: November 2015

Objective

To evaluate the impact of periprocedural myocardial infarction (PMI) on long‐term survival after coronary revascularization in patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO).

Background

Little is known about the clinical impact of PMI on long‐term cardiac mortality after CTO revascularization in patients with stable angina.

Methods

We analyzed data from 927 patients with CTO and stable angina who were treated with coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG, n = 367) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI, n = 560). PMI was defined as a peak CK‐MB ≥ 3 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) after PCI or a CK‐MB ≥ 5 times the ULN after CABG. The primary outcome was cardiac death in patients with PMI (PMI group, n = 118 [12.7%]) or without PMI (no‐PMI group, n = 809 [87.3%]) after revascularization.

Results

During a median follow‐up of 42 months, PMI occurred in 118 patients (12.7% of the overall study population). Fifty‐nine patients treated with PCI (10.5% of PCI subgroup) and 59 patients treated with CABG (16.1% of CABG subgroup) suffered from PMI. In multivariate analysis, the PMI group and the no‐PMI group had a similar incidence of cardiac death (hazard ratio [HR] 0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.20 to 1.62; P = 0.29).

Conclusions

PMI may not be associated with increased cardiac mortality after coronary revascularization in patients with stable CTO. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Morphologic characterization of the patent ductus arteriosus in the premature infant and the choice of transcatheter occlusion device
Authors: Philip Ranjit , Rush Waller B. , Agrawal Vijaykumar , Wright Dena , Arevalo Alejandro , Zurakowski David , Sathanandam Shyam
Published: November 2015

Objectives: The aim of this study was to describe and differentiate the morphology of patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) seen in children born prematurely from other PDA types.

Background: PDAs are currently classified as types A‐E using the Krichenko's classification. Children born prematurely with a PDA morphology that did not fit this classification were described as Type F PDA.

Methods: A review of 100 consecutive children who underwent transcatheter device closure of PDA was performed. The diameter and length (L) of the PDA and the device diameter (D) were indexed to the descending aorta (DA) diameter.

Results: Comparison of 26 Type F PDAs was performed against, 29 Type A, 7 Type C and 32 Type E PDAs. Children with Type F PDAs (median 27.5 weeks gestation) were younger during the device occlusion compared with types A, C, and E (median age: 6 vs. 32, 11, and 42 months; P = 0.002). Type F PDAs were longer and larger, requiring a relatively large device for occlusion than types A, C, and E (Mean L/DA: 1.88 vs. 0.9, 1.21, and 0.89, P ≤ 0.01 and Mean D/DA: 1.04 vs. 0.46, 0.87, and 0.34, P ≤0.01). The Amplatzer vascular plug‐II (AVP‐II) was preferred for occlusion of Type F PDAs (85%; P <0.001).

Conclusions: Children born prematurely have relatively larger and longer PDAs. These “fetal type PDAs” are best classified separately. We propose to classify them as Type F PDAs to add to types A‐E currently in use. The AVP‐II was effective in occluding Type F PDAs. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A team‐based approach to patients in cardiogenic shock
Authors: Doll Jacob A. , Ohman E. Magnus , Patel Manesh R. , Milano Carmelo A. , Rogers Joseph G. , Wohns David H. , Kapur Navin K. , Rao Sunil V.
Published: November 2015

Cardiogenic shock is a common clinical condition with high in‐hospital mortality. Early application of appropriate interventions for cardiogenic shock—including medical therapies, revascularization, temporary hemodynamic support devices, and durable mechanical circulatory support—may improve outcomes. The number and complexity of therapies for cardiogenic shock are increasing, making time‐dependent decision‐making more challenging. A multidisciplinary cardiogenic shock team is recommended to guide the rapid and efficient use of these available treatments. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.