bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Processos de alcoolização entre povos indígenas da América Latina
Authors: Barreto Ivan Farias , Dimenstein Magda Diniz Bezerra , Leite Jáder Ferreira
Published: March 2020

Para alguns povos indígenas da América Latina, o uso de bebidas alcoólicas é anterior à chegada dos colonizadores. Para outros, os contatos interétnicos ao longo da história alteraram profundamente os sentidos e as relações com essas substâncias. O presente artigo revisa a literatura dos últimos anos sobre o consumo de álcool por povos indígenas latino-americanos, compreendendo aspectos históricos, sociais e de saúde a ele associados. Os resultados indicam que o uso precoce de bebidas alcóolicas, a perda de referenciais identitários, mudanças nos modos de vida, proximidade com centros urbanos, êxodo migratório, marginalização e discriminação social são fatores de risco ao consumo prejudicial de álcool entre povos indígenas. Constatou-se ainda uma carência de pesquisas epidemiológicas que prejudicam o dimensionamento de demandas relativas ao uso prejudicial de álcool e dificultam o planejamento e execução dos serviços de saúde.
Caracterização da síndrome de burnout em enfermeiros em municípios do interior do Estado da Paraíba – Brasil
Authors: Roseno Danillo Alencar , Cavalcanti Jose Rodolfo Lopes de Paiva , Freire Marco Aurelio
Published: March 2020

Objetivos: Caracterizar a síndrome de burnout (SB) em enfermeiros em cinco municípios do alto sertão do Estado da Paraíba, Brasil. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, transversal, de caráter prospectivo, realizado em enfermeiros nos municípios de Uiraúna, Poço de José de Moura, Poço Dantas, Joca Claudino e Bernardino Batista, entre abril e dezembro de 2018, baseado na aplicação de um questionário com informações sócio-organizacionais (Copenhagen Burnout Inventory), do qual foram obtidas as frequências relativa e absoluta, média, mediana, desvio padrão, desvio padrão relativo e associações entre as variáveis. Resultados: As dimensões burnout pessoal (51,4%) e burnout relacionado ao paciente (60,0%) apresentaram um nível moderado e burnout relacionado ao trabalho (48,6%) um nível baixo. As variáveis idade, tempo de trabalho e vínculo empregatício apresentaram associação com burnout pessoal, relacionadas ao paciente e ao trabalho respectivamente. Conclusão: Os níveis de burnout moderados encontrados (nos domínios pessoal e relacionado ao paciente) devem gerar um alerta por parte dos gestores das instituições para fins de prevenção de agravos na saúde desses trabalhadores. A associação do burnout entre as variáveis idade, tempo de trabalho e vínculo empregatício indicam que essas variáveis estão envolvidas no desenvolvimento da SB em enfermeiros.
Образование пузырька на гидрофобной поверхности
Authors: Кошоридзе С.И. , Левин Ю.К.
Published: March 2020

The paper investigates the formation of charged equilibrium nanobubble on smooth hydrophobic water - solid interface. Expressions are given for change the Gibbs energy of the system taking into account the capillary Kelvin formula, the electrostatic energy of the double electric layer at the bubble-water boundary and the surface energy. It is shown that the dependence of the Gibbs energy on the radius of nanobubble have a minimum, which indicates the possibility of spontaneous generation of these nanostructures. The dependence of Gibbs energy on the contact angle, as well as water salinity and surface tension coefficient of water is investigated. Calculated surface charge required for the stability of nanobubble.
Моделирование электрического пробоя монокристаллов перхлората аммония в динамическом режиме
Authors: Ханефт А.В.
Published: March 2020

A numerical simulation of the electrical breakdown in dynamic mode of single crystals of ammonium perchlorate has been carried out. The system of differential equations was solved, which described the processes in the equivalent circuit of the pulse voltage generator together with the kinetic equation of impact electron multiplication and the heat balance equation. The dependences of the electric strength of ammonium perchlorate in dynamic mode on the interelectrode distance and the duration of the leading edge of a high voltage pulse were calculated. Obtained numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the known experimental data of electrical breakdown of ammonium perchlorate in the dynamic mode.
Sedentary Work in Desk-Dominated Environments: A Data-Driven Intervention Using Intervention Mapping
Authors: Berninger Nathalie M , ten Hoor Gill A , Plasqui Guy , Kok Gerjo , Peters Gjalt-Jorn Ygram , Ruiter Robert A C
Published: March 2020

Background

Since desk-dominated work environments facilitate sedentary behavior, office workers sit for 66% of their working days and only 8% succeed in interrupting their prolonged periods of sitting within the first 55 minutes. Yet stretches of long and uninterrupted sitting increase the likelihood of several chronic metabolic and cardiovascular diseases.

Objective

We therefore developed a computer-based app designed to interrupt periods of prolonged sitting among office employees.

Methods

When developing the intervention, we applied the intervention mapping protocol. This approach for the systematic design of theory and evidence-based behavior change programs consists of 6 steps: creation of a logic model of the problem, creation of a logic model of change, program design, program production, design of an implementation plan, and development of an evaluation plan.

Results

Working through all 6 steps has resulted in an individually adaptable intervention to reduce sedentary behavior at work. The intervention, UPcomplish, consists of tailored, half-automatized motivational components delivered by a coach. To register sedentary behavior, the VitaBit (VitaBit Software International BV) toolkit, a wearable accelerometry-based monitoring device, is used. Among others, UPcomplish includes personalized goal setting, tailored suggestions to overcome hurdles, and weekly challenges. The VitaBit toolkit supports the participants to monitor their behavior in relation to self-set goals.

Conclusions

Intervention mapping is a useful protocol not only for the systematic development of a comprehensive intervention to reduce sedentary behavior but also for planning program adherence, program implementation, and program maintenance. It facilitates obtaining the participation of relevant stakeholders at different ecological levels in the development process of the intervention and anticipating facilitators to and barriers of program implementation and maintenance.

Trial Registration

Netherlands Trial Register NL7503; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/7503
Mental Health–Related Behaviors and Discussions Among Young Adults: Analysis and Classification
Authors: Rivas Ryan , Shahbazi Moloud , Garett Renee , Hristidis Vagelis , Young Sean
Published: March 2020

Background

There have been recurring reports of web-based harassment and abuse among adolescents and young adults through anonymous social networks.

Objective

This study aimed to explore discussions on the popular anonymous social network Yik Yak related to social and mental health messaging behaviors among college students, including cyberbullying, to provide insights into mental health behaviors on college campuses.

Methods

From April 6, 2016, to May 7, 2016, we collected anonymous conversations posted on Yik Yak at 19 universities in 4 different states and performed statistical analyses and text classification experiments on a subset of these messages.

Results

We found that prosocial messages were 5.23 times more prevalent than bullying messages. The frequency of cyberbullying messages was positively associated with messages seeking emotional help. We found significant geographic variation in the frequency of messages offering supportive vs bullying messages. Across campuses, bullying and political discussions were positively associated. We also achieved a balanced accuracy of over 0.75 for most messaging behaviors and topics with a support vector machine classifier.

Conclusions

Our results show that messages containing data about students’ mental health–related attitudes and behaviors are prevalent on anonymous social networks, suggesting that these data can be mined for real-time analysis. This information can be used in education and health care services to better engage with students, provide insight into conversations that lead to cyberbullying, and reach out to students who need support.
Effects of a Web-Based Patient Portal on Patient Satisfaction and Missed Appointment Rates: Survey Study
Authors: Graham Timothy A D , Ali Samina , Avdagovska Melita , Ballermann Mark
Published: March 2020

Background

Although electronic medical record (EMR)-tethered patient portals are common in other countries, they are still emerging in Canada.

Objective

We aimed to report user satisfaction and the effects of a patient portal on medical appointment attendance in a Canadian cohort of patients within our publicly funded health care system.

Methods

Two surveys were deployed, via email, at 2 weeks and 6 months following the first recorded patient portal access. Database audits of visit attendance were used to supplement and cross reference survey data.

Results

Between January 2016 and July 2018, 4296 patients accessed the patient portal. During the study, 28% (957/3421) consented patient portal users responded to one or more semistructured electronic surveys. Of respondents, 93% (891/957) reported that the patient portal was easy to use, 51% (492/975) reported it saved time when scheduling an appointment, and 40% (382/957) reported that they had to repeat themselves less during appointments. Respondents reported patient portal–related changes in health system use, with 48% (462/957) reporting avoiding a clinic visit and 2.7% (26/957) avoiding an emergency department visit. Across 19,968 visits in clinics where the patient portal was introduced, missed appointments were recorded in 9.5% (858/9021) of non–patient portal user visits, compared with 4.5% (493/9021) for patient portal users, representing a 53% relative reduction in no-show rates.

Conclusions

Early experience with an EMR-tethered patient portal showed strong reports of positive patient experience, a self-reported decrease in health system use, and a measured decrease in missed appointment rates. Implications on the expanded use of patient portals requires more quantitative and qualitative study in Canada.
The School Improvement and the Role of Principal on Enhancing Student Learning Outcomes
Authors: Thaher Shadi , Saied Ibrahim El
Published: March 2020

This article reviews literature related to school principals and their role in improving student learning outcomes, by presenting and providing many information and evidence provided by academic research related to the principals and their role in student achievement. The article emphasizes that the managers are able to play a positive role in improving students’ achievement and results. Although the academic materials indicate indirect influence of managers on student achievement, this indirect influence is important and necessary and contributes greatly to the development of the students and to raising their achievements.
Anémonas, corales y medusas: los cnidarios y su importancia médica
Authors: Lazcano Pérez José Fernando , Salazar Campos Zayil , González-Márquez Humberto
Published: March 2020

Los cnidarios son probablemente los organismos más bellos y excéntricos del océano. Desde hace millones de años, habitan todos los mares de la Tierra a diferentes profundidades y latitudes. Pero debido a que son venenosos y que el entrar en contacto con ellos puede producir ardor y dolor por un tiempo, pocas especies han sido consideradas de importancia médica para el ser humano. Al igual que con otros animales venenosos, los científicos han estudiado sus toxinas para saber cómo funcionan y si podemos utilizarlas como agentes terapéuticos. Actualmente, existen trabajos de investigación que demuestran los efectos farmacológicos de algunas sustancias extraídas de su veneno, tales como combatir enfermedades virales, autoinmunes e, incluso, la gastritis. Por lo tanto, debemos luchar por la conservación de estos organismos no sólo debido a su potencial farmacológico, sino porque la gran mayoría se encuentran severamente amenazadas y representan la base de los ecosistemas marinos más biodiversos.
La relación entre las técnicas de representación arquitectónica y la especulación y vanguardia en el Siglo XX
Authors: Campos Delgado David , Picazzo Sanchez Magdalena
Published: March 2020

A través de un repaso histórico de la crítica y las vanguardias arquitectónicas del siglo xx, con énfasis en los métodos de representación propios de cada etapa, se aborda la trayectoria de Rem Koolhaas, uno de los arquitectos más relevantes de los últimos años. Entender el bagaje que alimenta su primera postura ante la arquitectura, expresada en su tesis Exodus, or the voluntary prisioners of architecture, como una respuesta a las contradicciones de la modernidad y al fetiche posmoderno nos permite proponer una lectura para su segunda etapa ejemplificada por el proyecto de oma para cctv.
Automated Line for Post-Harvest Processing of Root Crops and Potatoes
Authors: Dorokhov A. S. , Mosyakov M. A. , Sazonov N. V.
Published: March 2020

In the process of post-harvest processing of root crops and potatoes in Russia, mechanical sortings of various types are used, which allows to separate the material according to the size criterion and removing impurities. The main requirement for this equipment is to ensure the quality and reliability of technological processes for the impurities separation and the root crops separation into fractions with minimal damage. (Research purpose) To improve the quality of potato tubers sorting using an automated line for post-harvest processing of root crops and potatoes, which allows to reduce their damage and ensure high accuracy of separation into fractions by size. (Materials and methods) The authors studied the automated process of root crops post-harvest processing. They developed approaches and basic technical, technological and constructive solutions aimed at improving the efficiency of root crops and potatoes post-harvest processing. To automate the root crops and potatoes processing, the authors installed the universal web camera Logitech HD Pro C920. They created a basic block diagram of the electronic line system operation. (Results and discussion) The authors clarified the size and mass characteristics of potato tubers with a total weight of 38 356 grams of Nevsky variety of the 2019 harvest and their shape coefficient. They developed design documentation. An experimental line was prepared for potato tubers post-harvest sorting with an original circuit diagram of the electronic system operation. The authors substantiated its design and operational-technological parameters. Practical studies of the automated line work were carried out in the Ryazan region on the basis of the Institute of Seed Production and Agrotechnologies – a branch of the Federal Scientific Agroengineering Center VIM. (Conclusions) The authors determined that the developed automated line for root crops and potatoes post-harvest sorting thanks to digital technologies reduced labor costs by eliminating manual sorting, as well as improving the quality of potato tubers and the accuracy of sorting by size to 95-98 percent. It was revealed that damage to potato tubers did not exceed one percent.
Studying the Methods of Harvesting Garden Strawberry with Robotic Machines
Authors: Khort D. О. , Maystrenko N. A. , Tereshin A. N. , Vershinin R. V.
Published: March 2020

The paper presents a description of a newly developed device for the robotic harvesting of garden strawberry. The device features versatility, the simplicity of design, ease of adaptation to an automated platform. (Research purpose) To study the conditions for harvesting garden strawberry with robotic machines, develop a method for picking berries and determine the parameters of the working element for robotic harvesting, taking into account the mechanical impact on berries and the degree of the berry damage. (Materials and methods) The authors prepared an experimental methodology of studying the physical-and-mechanical properties of garden strawberry and calculated the critical speed of the impact of berries when picked by the working element. To prove the effectiveness of the working element operation, a comprehensive analysis of the physical-and-mechanical parameters of berries was carried out. (Results and discussion) The study has shown that the strength of garden strawberry is largely dependent on such major factors as cultivation conditions, as well as the variety and size of berries. It has been found that the specific strength of various parts of berries ranges from 0.0094 to 0.0262 kilogram-force per square meter. The skin of the Zenga-Zengana and Rarekot varieties has proved to possess the greatest strength, while that of the Festivalnaya variety - the smallest one. The authors have shown that the base and the tops of berries are about 1.2 times stronger than the skin of their rest part. It has been found that the berry shell has the property of elasticity. When berries are squeezed, their deformation is proportional to the load applied. The authors have proposed a design of a moving robotic platform with a cutting working element mounted on a manipulator. As a result, berry removal can be implemented by cutting the stem with the least damage. (Conclusions) The authors have proposed a device for the robotic harvesting of garden strawberry, which is distinguished among its counterparts by its ability to significantly reduce the mechanical impact on the target object, as well as preserve the appearance and quality characteristics of berries.
Justification the Number of Spray Tips of the Universal Fan Sprayer
Authors: Akhmetov A. A. , Yuldashev A. I. , Kambarova D. Yu.
Published: March 2020

The authors noted the disadvantages of fan sprayers such as OVH-600 and VP-1, associated with uneven application of pesticides due to the oscillatory motion of the working parts, especially in the junction of adjacent passages. (Research purpose) To increase the uniformity of the pesticide solution application over the entire width of the fan sprayer. (Materials and methods) The JV «Agriхim» developed a universal fan sprayer designed for the treatment of field crops, orchards and vineyards controlled by air-droplet flow. It was shown that the number of nozzles depends on the technological scheme of operation and the width of the sprayer. (Results and discussion) The authors determined the optimal number of injectors – 25 pieces. Depending on the flow rate of the working solution, three groups of tips were distinguished. (Conclusions) The authors revealed that the new design eliminates oscillatory movements of the working parts of the sprayer, a significant width (24 meters vs. 16 meters in production models) allows to increase dramatically the productivity of work, and the number of changeovers is minimized. They simplified and cheapened the design of the sprayer due to the rejection of a number of kinematic pairs and drives. They increased reliability of the unit, eliminating rubbing and moving parts and components. They presented the layout of 25 nozzles for high-quality pesticide treatment: 5 rear central nozzles were installed on the air ducts at an angle relative to the soil surface, and on the opposite direction of the air ducts placed 3 and 7 nozzles in each side of the axis of symmetry of the sprayer. It was calculated that the rate of flow of the working fluid in the range of 100-500 liters per hectare can be adjusted by changing the pressure in the system from 2 to 8 bar and the working speed from 3 to 7 kilometers per hour.
CHARTERS OF VOLUNTARY ASSOCIATIONS IN PREREVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA
Authors: Tumanova Anastasiya S. , Safonov Alexander A.
Published: March 2020

The article deals with the history of doctrinal formation of the content of the charter of voluntary association of Late Imperial Russia, as well as the role of the charter in regulating the phenomenon of social self-organization. This problem is practically don't studied in the scientific literature. It is based on the involvement of a broad corpus of published sources (constituent documents of public organizations, materials of clerical work of public institutions, etc.) and archives (documents of the RGIA). The legal policy of the Russian government aimed at establishing uniformity in the content of constituent documents of voluntary societies and the principles of their relationship with the state according to the creation, re-registration, termination of societies is analyzed. This national framework is assessed from the standpoint of the content of corporate regulation in Late Imperial Russia, the degree of intervention of the state in this process. Russian and European sources for the formation of corporate legislation on voluntary associations are considered. The analysis of constituent documents of various groups of organizations in prerevolutionary Russia takes a significant place. They are studied according to the content, structure, general and special features, field of activity. The authors investigate how independent creativity of the founders was expressed when drawing up the charters of organizations that do not fully comply with typical constituent documents, find out its meaning and boundaries. The authors come to the conclusion that the charters gave Russian associations substantial autonomy in the inner life (defining goals and objectives, methods of capital formation, requirements for categories of members, etc.), but rather strictly prescribed the “external” context of their functioning, coupled with the interaction with state authorities.
PROCUREMENT AUTOMATION AS THE FUTURE OF THE CONTRACT SYSTEM
Authors: Kazantsev Dmitry A. , Mikhaleva Natalya A.
Published: March 2020

In the era of digital information electronic trading platforms have become an integral attribute to conduct procurement to meet public needs. Nowadays there is a consistent trend is that legislators transfer the vast majority of purchases to the electronic plane through the use of electronic trading platforms. This incentive of the legislator is attributed to a number of advantages of the electronic form of procurement procedures, which allow to increase their transparency and accessibility to an indefinite number of people. However, the role of electronic trading platforms must not be reduced solely to an electronic platform, which allows only to transfer the procurement procedure in a different form. On the contrary, the potential of electronic trading platforms can significantly simplify and automate business activities of customers, increase the efficiency of procurement not only by expanding competition but also by reducing the organizational burden on the parties of the procurement process, both customers and the participants. The purpose of the article is to present for review ways to improve the operation of electronic trading floors to automate the procurement process during competitive procedures for state and municipal needs. Research methods: formal legal, modeling, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction. The results of the study. The article presents for review ways to optimize the operation of electronic trading platforms by attracting software and hardware when conducting competitive procedures. Ways of automation the procurement process are described, including integration of the functionality of electronic trading platforms with official registries in order to minimize the risk of a possible rejection of a participant’s procurement application when considering the second parts of applications. Other innovative services of the functionality of electronic trading platforms (auto-completion of forms, data inheritance, automated collection of proposals) have been suggested, the implementation of which will simplify and automate the process of conducting competitive procedures, reduce the administrative burden on the customer, ensure transparency and a competitive basis when holding tenders.
IGNATOV ALEXEY NIKOLAEVICH AND HIS SCIENTIFIC HERITAGE
Authors: Ignatova Milena A.
Published: March 2020

This article is devoted to the review of scientific ideas of Professor Ignatov A.N. and his contribution to the development of the Russian science of criminal law. Special attention is paid to the scientific provisions on the fight against violent crime against the person and, in particular, against sexual freedom and sexual integrity.
REQUIREMENTS FOR COURT DOCUMENTS
Authors: Akhmetova Svetlana V. , Babenko Andrey N.
Published: March 2020

This article is devoted to the analysis and formulation of requirements for judicial documents. The relevance of the stated topic is explained by the need to improve the communication process and improve the efficiency of justice. The most developed are the issues of requirements for judicial acts. At the same time, the requirements for other judicial documents - petitions, statements, written evidence are important. The most important are the requirements of legality, validity, motivation. However, we must not forget such requirements as completeness, consistency, literacy. As part of the general characteristics of judicial documents, attention was paid to the requirement of fairness and expediency. Close attention is paid to the language and style of court documents. The requirements for the form and content of court documents are formulated. The author comes to the conclusion that it is necessary to legislate the requirements for some varieties of judicial documents, just as the requirements for judicial acts are fixed.
WOMAN BEFORE THE JURY COURT IN THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE (REVISITING THE GENDER EQUALITY PRINCIPLE)
Authors: Demichev Alexey A. , Ilyukhina Vera A.
Published: March 2020

This work presents implementation of the gender equality principle in the criminal proceed-ings of the Russian empire on the basis of the Judicial Statutes of 1864, official statistics materials of the Ministry of Justice, jury members’ documents of private origin, documentary narratives about courts, and folklore. The authors analyse and interpret statistical data on females and males acquitted and convicted by the jury court and the crown court. This work draws the following main conclusions: 1) in spite of the enforceable and officially declared equality of all subjects before the court, only men administered justice in the jury court, and the people’s legal consciousness and the settled judicial practice did not allow another situation to develop; 2) the fact that only men were jury mem-bers brought about the situation in which the jury court was less repressive to women than to men. As for crown judges, the percentage of women convicted by them was, on the contrary, generally more than that of men. Therefore, the proceedings of jury courts in the Russian empire actually breached the gender equality principle.
Russian as a foreign language e-textbooks: current state and perspectives
Authors: Azimov Elhan G.
Published: March 2020

The aim of the article is to describe the didactic features of various Russian as a foreign language e-textbooks, online courses, and define their pedagogical features, disadvantages and advantages in language learning. The research methodology includes surveys and analysis of scientific literature, learning outcomes, expert assessments. The research is based on studying the results of pedagogical research and experience of using information and communication technologies in language teaching. The results of the study are given, and the necessity of using various types of electronic textbooks is proved. The article addresses the following issues: how can e-textbooks improve students’ competence? what are the most effective teaching methods in the aspect of new digital technologies? The results of the study allowed to identify the following requirements for online courses: teachers' active participation, planning various possibilities for using online courses, conducting regular monitoring of the course study, supporting the learning process and user interaction within social services, and developing specially designed learning material. The article discusses principles that should be applied in Russian language online courses. The results of the study showed that the variety of forms and means of e-textbooks contributes to implementation of various methods and technologies of teaching Russian (blended learning, inverted class learning, problem-based learning).
Online resources in teaching Russian as a foreign language: expectations vs reality
Authors: Vyazovskaya Victoria V. , Danilevskaya Tatiana A. , Trubchaninova Margarita E.
Published: March 2020

The paper discusses using online resources in modern teaching Russian as a foreign language (henceforth - RFL). A lot of resources for teaching and learning Russian are uploaded online daily. However, the format of their integration into educational process has not been analyzed yet. The acuteness of the present study stems from the necessity to define effective educational online resources for teaching RFL. The study draws upon the data of free-access online resources developed for A0-B1 level students in leading Russian universities. The aim of the study is to analyse online RFL resources, including educational software, applications and sites, their structure and their chances to be integrated into teaching process. The research has resulted in estimating educational and functional value of online teaching resources for students who study Russian in order to enter Russian universities. The paper presents conclusions concerning practical application of online resources in RFL teaching practice in blended education of foreign students in the higher educational establishments. The theoretical significance of the research lies in the fact that the analysis of fundamental scientific articles and electronic materials allows us to expand and deepen our knowledge about the place of e-teaching aids in the sphere of teaching foreign languages and RFL, as well as to justify the need to include electronic teaching materials in order to intensify the learning process. The results of the research can be implemented in blended forms of learning, distance learning, as well as in organizing students' independent learning in the university environment.
The relationship between pressure ulcers and palliative care patient caregivers’ knowledge levels
Authors: KARAKAYA Yeşim , ÖZKAYA Hilal , TUZCULAR Emine , GÖNENÇ Işık
Published: March 2020

Introduction: The need for care and palliative care increased with the prolongation of mean life expectancy. One of the most frequently observed symptoms in palliative care is pressure ulcers. We aimed to measure the knowledge levels of caregivers serving hospitalized patients in the palliative care service and to investigate their relationship with socio-demographic characteristics, especially the knowledge levels.Methods: This study enrolled 109 people providing care to patients who received inpatient palliative care between November 1 and December 31, 2018. A questionnaire including questions about socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge about pressure ulcers was administered. The pressure ulcer status of the patients was evaluated by a physician. Results: The mean age of the caregivers was 49.49 ± 10.91 years (22-69). The mean knowledge level of the participants was 70.09 ± 18.58%. The minimum score was 0, and the maximum score was 100. It was found that 62.4% of the caregivers received information about pressure ulcers in the past, 30.3% of them didn’t receive any information about pressure ulcers, and 7.3% received partial information.Conclusion: The knowledge level of the caregivers who were informed about pressure ulcers was significantly higher than those who were not informed (p=0.005). Therefore, we think that continuous education has an essential place in preventing pressure ulcers.
A Comprehensive Review on Solar Parabolic Trough Collector
Authors: Pathak, Kripa Shankar , Mohan Ravindra
Published: March 2020

Solar energy is one among the freely available clean forms of renewable energy. Many technologies have been developed in India for extracting energy from assorted renewable energies, but the maximum extraction of thermal energy from solar energy is the most promising challenge. This paper focuses on the performance and efficiency of solar parabolic trough collector. In this paper, the design stages of a solar parabolic trough collector are presented. The sunlight collected is split by a cold mirror into visible light and inferred rays. The visible light and IR are used for day lighting and heating generation respectively. The receiver absorbs the incoming radiations and transforms them into thermal energy. Improving the performance of solar collectors has been recently a subject of intense research because of its advantages such as a decrease in the size and cost of systems and an increase in the thermal performance.
Estimation of Delay to Consider Leakage in CMOS VLSI Circuit
Authors: Tanveer Adil
Published: March 2020

In digital CMOS circuits, parametric yield improvement may be achieved by reducing the variability of performance and power consumption of individual cell instances. In recent years, increasing demand of portable digital systems has led to rapid and innovative development in the field of low power design. Such improvement of variation robustness can be attained by evaluating parameter variation impact at gate level. Statistical characterization of logic gates are usually obtained by computationally expensive electrical simulations. An efficient gate delay variability estimation method is proposed for variability-aware design. As the technology scaled down to deep nanometer level, the power supply, threshold (Vt) and device geometry gets reduces. The sub threshold current continue to increase exponentially, when the Vt of the device is reduced. The leakage current is now a dominant part of total power dissipation as the technology scales down. The proposed method has been applied to different topologies (transistor network arrangements) and CMOS gates, and it has been compared to Monte Carlo simulations for data validation, resulting in computation time savings.
Kajian Semiotika Pernikahan Karakter Virtual Hatsune Miku dan Akihiko Kondo
Authors: Sujatmiko Guguh
Published: March 2020

Abstract—Akihiko Kondo and Hatsune Miku’s marriage ceremony attracted public attention. The marriage shows an unusual relationship between human and virtual character, the Actual world who got married to the Ideal world. This paper uses a qualitative method of the semiotic theory of Rholand Barthes. This paper _tries to describe the signs that are connected to both virtual characters and humans. The signs were dismantled to find out what codes and symbols that worked. The results show that the signs which were constructed into Hatsune Miku's character have naturalization of meaning, therefore the arose myths became ordinary as humans consume virtual signs continuously and endlessly. The signs become very important, the ideal world will be more interesting to be explored because it provides very broad opportunities in the signs development. Keywords: semiotic, virtual, character­

Abstrak—Pernikahan seorang lelaki bernama Akihiko Kondo dan Hatsune Miku cukup menarik perhatian masyarakat. Pernikahan tersebut menunjukkan hubungan yang tidak biasa antara manusia dalam dunia aktual yang menikahi karakter dalam dunia ideal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan teori semiotic dari Rholand Barthes. Penulis mencoba menguraikan tanda-tanda yang terhubung antara keduanya. Tanda-tanda tersebut dibongkar untuk mengetahui kode-kode dan simbol-simbol yang bekerja. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tanda-tanda yang dikonstruksi menjadi karakter Hatsune Miku mengalami naturalisasi makna, sehingga mitos-mitos yang timbul menjadi hal yang biasa karena manusia mengonsumsi tanda virtual terus-menerus dan tiada akhir. Tanda menjadi hal yang sangat penting, dunia ideal akan semakin menarik untuk dieksplorasi karena memberikan kesempatan yang sangat luas dalam perkembangan tanda. 

Kata kunci: semiotik, virtual, karakter
Hug Skill Increase
Authors: Rose A.
Published: March 2020

A young boy with Autism struggles in a sensory world, and has to learn to move past his barriers and embrace the love he is given.
‘See How the Blood is Settled in his Face’: Shakespeare’s Warwick – Fiction’s First Pathologist
Authors: Smith Andrea
Published: March 2020

The twenty-first century television detective drama often relies heavily on the forensic pathologist; analysing what they see and reaching a conclusion about the manner of death, not just the cause. This might include determining that a case that initially looks like natural causes is in fact murder. While this may involve toxicology reports and other modern methods of investigation, it might also include the state of the body; things like post-mortem lividity or marks such as scratches, or a lack of them. Using these sorts of indicators is not new; in fact Shakespeare was writing about them in the late sixteenth century in 2 Henry VI. In it, the Earl of Warwick describes the state of the body of the Duke of Gloucester who has reportedly died in his bed. Over the course of around twenty lines Warwick gives a detailed catalogue of the state of the body and why each sign indicates a violent, rather than peaceful, death. This paper looks at that description and relates it to other descriptions of murder victims in drama at the time, as well as to those investigated by twenty-first century television pathologists.
Cover and Contents Pages
Authors: Broun James L.
Published: March 2020

Contains the cover of the journal and its contents pages.
The Eurasian concept of “a multi-national nation” and its value for the development of the Russian state
Authors: Skuratov Yu. I.
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION. This article discusses that part of the classical Eurasian concept, which is devoted to ethno-national relations prevailing in Northern Eurasia, the characteristics of the factors and traditions that determined the formation of the Russian superethnos. The content of the categories “Eurasian nationalism” is revealed, which, according to the classics of the doctrine, should become the core idea of the formation of the Russian multi-national nation. Considerable attention in the article is paid to the analysis of the correlation and interconnection of the categories “people” and “nation”, the characteristics of their specific features.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The article is based on a study of the concepts of Eurasianism presented in domestic and foreign science and the provisions of the Federal Target Program approved by the Government of the Russian Federation “Strengthening the Unity of the Russian Nation and Ethnocultural Development of the Peoples of Russia (2014 – 2020)” are considered.

RESEARCH RESULTS. In the article the thesis is substantiated that the modern theoretical substantiation of the tendency for the formation of the “Russian nation” is associated with the desire to strengthen the national substrate of Russia as a single federal state and to avoid the sad experience of the split of the USSR. The author analyzes various approaches to realizing the task of forming a multi-national nation on the basis of the Russian people and shows his own position with respect to the idea of adopting a special Law on the Russian nation.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. The article critically evaluates the position that rigidly links the formation of a nation with the creation of its own sovereign national state which in most cases is not applicable to multinational states.
Palestinian citizenship: past, present, future
Authors: Tolstykh V. L. , Aasi J.
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION. The article deals with the evolution of the Palestinian citizenship and the possibility of its development under the occupation of the Palestinian territories. Citizenship is a classic institution of public law and is perceived in a similar way in various legal systems. In this case, however, there is a very special phenomenon, the content of which is due to a number of historical, political and international legal factors.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research is based on the analysis of Balfour Declaration 1917, UN Partition Plan for Palestine 1947, Agreement Oslo II 1995, Articles on Nationality of Natural Persons in relation to the Succession of States (ILC, 1999), Articles on Diplomatic Protection (ILC, 2006), Israeli law governing the status of Palestinians, nationality laws of the Arab states, political and regulatory acts of Palestinian institutions. The research methods include historical method, methods of formal logic, comparative method and various methods of interpretation. A significant part of the research is a comparison of positions of Israeli and Palestinian lawyers, as well as an analysis of various options for the development of the Palestinian citizenship.

RESEARCH RESULTS. Currently, the status of residents of the occupied territories is determined by the Oslo II Agreement of 1995: the administrative powers are delegated to the Palestinian Authority; Israel retains the right of control. The resident status is not equivalent to the status of a citizen and is sui generis. This status implies a number of Israel’s obligations: to end it and provide a citizenship to Palestinians; recognize its international elements; transfer more powers to Palestinian institutions. The lack of regular citizenship makes it difficult for Palestinians to enjoy diplomatic protection from Palestinian institutions.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. Presently, there are conditions for the establishment (declaration) of the Palestinian citizenship, which would fix a political connection sui generis, implying the rights of Palestinians to participate in administration of the occupied territories, their membership in a nation striving for self-determination, the right of Palestinian institutions to provide diplomatic and other protection, etc. This citizenship should be provided automatically, since it involves not naturalization, but consideration of existing social and vital ties of Palestinians to their people. The solution of the problem of diplomatic protection may consist in the development of customary law and the search for new tools, for example, protection on the part of international organizations.
Trends of development of international legal fight against terrorism
Authors: Cherniadyeva N. A.
Published: March 2020

INTRODUCTION.The relevance of a research of international legal fight against terrorism does not raise doubts as terrorism reasonably belongs to the most dangerous threats to peace and safety of mankind. The solution of a modern problem of terrorism demands not only national, but also international mechanisms. According to the author, it is early to speak about successful opposition to this evil. Therefore, the research of the current state and trends of development of that part of international law that is devoted to counteraction to terrorism is extremely important.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The versatile international legal base connected with various aspects of fight against terrorism was created for more than centenary period. Universal and regional anti-terrorist conventions, legal documents of the international organizations, decisions of the International Courts of Justice and tribunals were investigated to reveal trends of international legal fight against terrorism. The research is based on use of methods of inductive generalization, the comparative and legal analysis (mainly in its functional option) and the legalistic analysis.

RESEARCH RESULTS. The most significant trends of development of international legal fight against terrorism are shown in work. It is: coordination as opinio juris of the legal indications of terrorism, legal mechanisms of counteraction to it; the institutional development of international legal fight against terrorism expressed as formation of the definitive device and the organizational mechanism; isolation of legal instructions of basic character for international legal fight against terrorism; the growing role of the International Courts of Justice and tribunals in administration of justice against terrorism; formation two substantially various terrorist crimes: in a situation of wartime and in a "civil" situation.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS. By results of a research the author formulates a number of the offers capable to have a positive impact on the future of international legal fight against terrorism. In particular, the author shows that in order to form an effective international legal mechanism for combating terrorism, it is required at the UN level to agree on the concept of terrorism, to form a generally acceptable list of criminal terrorist acts prohibited by international law, to systematize international legal sources related to the fight against terrorism.
The ‘meeting’ situation model in English professional communication
Authors: Anokhina S. P.
Published: March 2020

The paper describes the “Meeting” situation model using componential analysis. The aim of the present study is to reveal and systematize functional-pragmatic and cognitive features of this professionally regulated genre. The results of the analysis may be summarized as follows: the speech interaction dominant has been revealed; the main speech strategies were defined within studied communicative event for every participant on the basis of their pragmatic goals; these strategies realize their status as a discourse person. The research considers the interrelation between participants’ speech strategies and semantic steps referring to their gender. We present a multilevel model of the situation, its structure and specific features of each level. The components of the cognitive level are constituted by the cultural background, shared by every participant. The distinctive feature of the paralinguistic level is the hierarchy of its components: participants’ pragmatic goals, the hierarchy of their speech strategies based on the criteria “shared/unique”, “dominant/peripheral” and their “contribution” into representing participants’ position status. On the lingua-pragmatic level, speech acts expressing communicative intentions have been summoned as an opposition on the basis of the “expressed modality” criterion, which also reflects some gender peculiarities. On the semantic level, there is no unequivocal correlation of the semantic steps, speech acts and the priority of semantic steps in realizing speech strategies.