bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Centro Cultural en Pisco
Authors:   , Hinostroza Naveda Nicole Alexandra
Published: August 2021

El presente trabajo consta de la propuesta del Centro Cultural ubicado en la ciudad de Pisco, que trae consigo el hecho de querer difundir el interés por las artes, música y el desarrollo de habilidades y talentos que complementen el crecimiento personal. El arte y la cultura forman parte importante de una sociedad y en la mayoría de casos, logra contribuir en la mejora de la población como comunidad que aporta al desarrollo de su territorio. Esta provincia presenta un gran número de niños y jóvenes que necesitan además de una buena educación, el incentivo por desarrollar otras destrezas que puedan encaminarlos en su desarrollo personal y profesional, tema que actualmente no está resuelto. Tras el Terremoto del 2007, se generó un gran retraso en su desarrollo, lo que resultó que las autoridades tengan un mayor enfoque en el sistema de vivienda y dejen de lado los temas educativos, culturales recreacionales y recuperación de espacios públicos. Este proyecto busca ser un ícono memoria de la ciudad, ya que, tras la tragedia del 2007, se perdió gran parte del patrimonio cultural de este Centro Histórico. Entonces la propuesta toma las características arquitectónicas de este lugar, además de acompañarlo con la materialidad del sitio, paleta de colores y vegetación, que realza este énfasis en el proyecto. Adicionalmente, se otorga espacios públicos en los diferentes niveles, que hacen que el proyecto se enriquezca y que pueda ser parte importante no solo del recreo, sino también parte de la educación intercultural diaria de la población.
Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme ve Diş Hekimliği
Authors: EŞER Gözde , DUMAN Şuayip Burak , BAŞARAN Melike , AŞANTOĞROL Firdevs
Published: August 2021

Manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRG) noninvaziv, manyetik alan ve radyo frekans dalgalarının kullanılmasıyla üç boyutlu görüntülerin elde edildiği görüntüleme yöntemidir. MRG’de anatomik görüntüler elde etmek için protonlardan gelen sinyaller kullanılır. Görüntü elde edilmesi esnasında vücut hareketlerinden, solunumdan, ağız boşluğundaki havadan, burun hücrelerinden, implantlardan ve metal malzemelerden olumsuz etkilenebildiğinden dolayı MRG oral ve maksillofasiyal bölgede yaygın olarak kullanılamamaktadır. Bununla birlikte, MRG’nin yumuşak doku görüntülemesinin çok iyi olması; MRG’nin diş hekimliğinde özellikle temporomandibular eklem (TME) değerlendirmelerinde, tükürük bezlerinin görüntülenmesinde, lenf bezleri, baş boyundaki kitleler, tiroid ve paratiroid bezi, nazofarenks, dil ve kas gibi yumuşak doku incelemelerinde yaygın kullanımına sebep olmuştur. Ayrıca çürük tespitinde ve pulpanın üç boyutlu incelemesinde de kullanılabilmektedir.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN HEALTHY HOUSES AND ACCESS TO SAFE DRINKING WATER WITH THE INCIDENCE OF DIARRHEA IN EAST JAVA IN 2016
Authors: Irawati Siti Fera , Wibowo Arief
Published: August 2021

ABSTRACTDiarrhea is a common endemic disease in Indonesia. In developing countries, the high prevalence of diarrhea can be attributed to the lack of clean water and proper sanitation. This study determined a correlation between access to safe drinking water and healthy houses with the incidence of diarrhea in East Java in 2016. The study applied a correlation study design. The population consisted of all diarrhea patients treated in East Java in 2016; thus, the population was used also as a sample. The data were obtained from secondary data, namely the 2016 East Java Provincial Health Profile. Pearson correlation test was used in analyzing the data. There was a correlation between healthy homes (p = 0.000) and sustainable access to safe drinking water (p = 0.000) with the incidence of diarrhea. Pearson correlation coefficient for the healthy house variable was 0.798, while the Pearson correlation coefficient for sustainable access to safe drinking water was 0.722. It can be concluded that the relationship between healthy homes and access to safe drinking water with the incidence of diarrhea in the Province of East Java in 2016 was strong enough.Keywords: diarrhea, healthy houses, access to safe drinking water.
The Potential of Acetylfuran and Furfural from Tamarindus indica as Lipoxygenase Inhibitor: In Silico Study
Authors: Rophi Apriani Herni , Bare Yohanes , Sari Dewi Ratih Tirto
Published: August 2021

Background: Tamarindus indica is a type of plant sub-family Caesalpinioideae, which is predicted to have anti-inflammatory properties. When inflammation occurs, arachidonic acid will undergo metabolism, the LOX pathway will release 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX). Objective: This study aimed to analyze the potential of acetylfuran and furfural compounds on LOX action. Methods: The compound Acetylfuran (CID 14505), Furfural (CID 7362) were downloaded from the PubChem database. The 5-LOX protein was obtained from PDB (6N2W), preparation by removing ligands and molecules that bind to Discovery Studio V19.1.0.18287. Compound and protein interactions have interacted with the Vina autodock software integrated into the PyRX software and analyzed by Discovery Studio V19.1.0.18287. Results: The results showed that the content of Acetylfuran and Furfural compounds in Tamarindus indica is predicted to have the potential as an inhibitor of the LOX gene on different amino acid residues, namely 3 amino acid residues and 4 amino acid residues, respectively and produce binding energy. In addition, van der Waals forces, hydrogen and hydrophobic bonds were found, giving the strength of the bonds formed. Conclusion:  Bioactive acetylfuran and furfural have the potential as a drug to curve inflammation in the human body.
Analisis Boraks pada Jajanan Bakso di Kota Jambi
Authors: Gustini Sri , Yulianis Yulianis , Sutrisno Deny
Published: August 2021

Pendahuluan: Seiring dengan perkembangam zaman, penambahan bahan tambahan pangan sulit untuk dihindari. Berdasarkan PERMENKES RI No 33 Tahun 2012 salah satu senyawa kimia yang dikenal dengan nama boraks dinyatakan bahan yang dilarang digunakan dalam pembuatan makanan. Bakso merupakan jajanan yang digemari oleh masyarakat. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan skrining kandungan boraks menggunakan kertas tumerik dan kadar boraks dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada jajanan bakso di Kota Jambi. Metode: Jenis bakso yang diambil sebagai sampel adalah bakso tusuk, bakso bakar dan bakso kuah. Setiap sampel bakso dilakukan uji dari penjual di Kota Jambi. Hasil: Berdasarkan penelitian yang di lakukan pada sampel bakso kuah (k), bakso bakar (b) dan bakso tusuk (t) terdapat 53 sampel yang berasal dari Kota Jambi. Dari ke 53 sampel yang di analisis terdapat 1 sampel yang mengandung boraks dengan kode Ft3. Kesimpulan: Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 1 dari 53 sampel bakso yang dilakukan analisis dengan kertas tumerik terdapat 1 sampel dengan kode Ft3 yang terdeteksi mengandung boraks. Kadar boraks dalam sampel Ft3 sebesar 0,058%.
YARA İYİLEŞMESİ, BAKIMI VE TEDAVİSİ
Authors: ÖZTAŞ Pınar
Published: August 2021

Dokuların bütünlüğünün ve işleyişlerinin bozul¬masına yara adı verilir. Bu işleyişin yeniden sağlanmasına ve doku bütünlüğünün yeniden kazanılmasına ise yara iyileşmesi adı verilir.

Akut yara, travmatik veya cerrahi olarak oluşan, genellikle iyileşme sürecine iyi yanıt veren, temiz yaralardır. Kronik yara ise geç veya güç iyileşen ya da iyileşmeyen yaralardır. Kronik yaraların en sık sebepleri ise diyabetik ayak, venöz ülser, basınç yarası, arteriyel yetmezlik yarası ve radyasyon hasarı olarak sıralanabilir. Yara iyileşmesinde birbirinden ayrı ancak iç içe geçmiş üç basamağı bulunmaktadır: İnflamasyon fazı, proliferasyon fazı, olgunlaşma ve yeniden şekillenme fazı. Yara iyileşme sürecinde pek çok sitokin de etkin rol oynar. PDGF (Platelet Derived Growth Factor), TNF (Tumor Necrosis Factor), TGF-beta (Transforming Growth Factor-beta) fibroblast göçünü sağlar ve bu fibroblastlar, yarayı bir arada tutan pıhtıdan daha kuvvetli bir yapı oluşturur. Geçici matriks; fibrin, fibronektin ve kollajen tip 3’ten oluşurken sekonder matriks Kolajen tip 1 ile oluşur. 2002 yılında yara uzlaşma grubu yara iyileşmesinde önemli kriterleri belirlemişlerdir. TIME başlığında belirlenen bu kriterler; T (Tissue: doku özellikleri), I (İnfection: enfeksiyon), M (moisture: doku nemliliği) ve E (Edge: doku kenar özellikleri) olarak tanımlanmıştır. Yara örtüleri beş temel kategoride incelenebilir: Filmler, köpükler, hidrokolloid, aljinat ve hidrojeller. Son yıllarda biyomühendislik metodları ile üretilen teknolojik ürünler yara tedavisinde kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu ürünler giderek canlı deriyi daha iyi taklit eder hale gelmektedir. Bununla birlikte gümüş gibi yüzlerce yıldır kullanılmakta olan ürünler de halen tedavideki değerlerini korumaktadır. Bu makalede yaranın oluşum mekanizmaları, evrelendirilmesi, bakım, tedavi ve kayıt tutulmasındaki önemli noktalar vurgulanmıştır. Yara tedavisi zor, sabır gerektiren ve multidisipliner yaklaşımın gerekli olduğu bir takım çalışmasıdır.
Beyond Journals and Peer Review: Towards a More Flexible Ecosystem for Scholarly Communication
Authors: Wood Michael
Published: August 2021

This article challenges the assumption that journals and peer review are essential for developing, evaluating and disseminating scientific and other academic knowledge. It suggests a more flexible ecosystem, and examines some of the possibilities this might facilitate. The market for academic outputs should be opened up by encouraging the separation of the dissemination service from the evaluation service. Publishing research in subject-specific journals encourages compartmentalising research into rigid categories. The dissemination of knowledge would be better served by an open access, web-based repository system encompassing all disciplines. There would then be a role for organisations to assess the items in this repository to help users find relevant, high-quality work. There could be a variety of such organisations which could enable reviews from peers to be supplemented with evaluation by non-peers from a variety of different perspectives: user reviews, statistical reviews, reviews from the perspective of different disciplines, and so on. This should reduce the inevitably conservative influence of relying on two or three peers, and make the evaluation system more critical, multi-dimensional and responsive to the requirements of different audience groups, changing circumstances, and new ideas. Non-peer review might make it easier to challenge dominant paradigms, and expanding the potential audience beyond a narrow group of peers might encourage the criterion of simplicity to be taken more seriously - which is essential if human knowledge is to continue to progress.
Osteoarthritis Induces Gender Related Changes in the Knee Range of Motion
Authors: Stătescu Carmen , Stoica Doru , Gavrilă Bogdan Ion , Trăistaru Magdalena Rodica , Bălșeanu Tudor Adrian
Published: August 2021

In time, osteoarthritis (OA) generates the misalignment of the affected joint structures. However, due to the nature of bipedal gait, OA in the lower limb can also cause pathological gait patterns, which can generate instability and falls, with great consequence, especially in the aged population. With goniometry used to evaluate the range of motion of joints (ROM), we wanted to evaluate how gender impacts gait dynamics in OA patients. For this study we have compared 106 OA patients (male=32, female=74) to age matched controls. All participants had their right leg as dominant. Video recording of normal gait was analysed with a digital goniometry tool phone application, and the knee’s ROM was measured in midstance and midswing of the gait. During midstance, significant extension and flexion of the knee excursion have been observed in both males and females. During midswing, knee OA presents more differences, whereas subjects with hip and knee OA present changes on the dominant knee. Midstance changes suggest that the knee’s joint degenerative changes can be linked to hip OA secondary changes. Midswing changes in lower limb OA suggest a connection to the activities of daily life. Gender differences generated by OA must furthermore be studied in both lower limbs so that the best therapeutic approach can be chosen.
Scientifc assessment of the degree of implementation of the state policy to reduce abuse of alcoholic products and prevent alcoholism among the population of the Russian Federation until 2020
Authors: Salagay O. O. , Soshkina K.  V. , Brun E. A. , Kekelidze Z.  I. , Klimenko T.  V. , Kobyakova  O.  S. , Khalturina D.  A. , Zykov  V.  A.
Published: August 2021

Goal. The goal of this study was to assess the scale of the implementation of the measures of the Concept to Reduce Alcohol Abuse Alcohol Dependence among the Population of the Russian Federation for the Period up to 2020.

Methods. Research methods included legal analysis, as well as epidemiological and sociological data analysis.

Results. The goals and the indicators of the Concept were achieved generally. According to our assessment, 15 (71%) out of 21 of the Concept’s measures have been implemented, among them 12 were fully, and 3 were partially (14%) implemented. Out of the 17 evidence-based measures of the Concept, 15 (88%) were implemented in full or in part.

Alcohol consumption decreased from 15,7 to 9,1 liters of ethanol per capita (or by 42%) in 2008–2019. Mortality from accidental alcohol poisoning decreased by 60% (from 16,9 to 7 per 100.000) between 2008 and 2020. There was a signifcant decrease in the indicators of alcoholism in Russia during the period of the implementation of the Concept.

Conclusions. The study shows that the goals, the objectives, the measures and the indicators of the Concept have been largely achieved. This was accompanied by the decrease in morbidity and mortality associated with alcohol consumption in Russia.
Guest Editorial: The Engineering Approach to Carbon-Emissions Management
Authors: Meehan D. Nathan
Published: August 2021

Every engineer and manager knows that you can only improve performance that you measure and track. That is why we have key performance indicators (KPIs). Similarly, we can only optimize what we can predict. If we really want to lower carbon emissions, we will need to implement a consistent method of measuring and tracking the right data. There are challenges in improving what we track because tracking comes from so many sources. We need to work on optimizing what we predict if we are going to start making high-value decisions around emissions.

Carbon emissions occur during all phases of the hydrocarbon extraction industry right through to the final use of the product. We call the total life cycle of emissions “well to wheels.” SPE members are generally focused on one phase of the carbon emissions.

The largest contribution is the combustion and use of produced oil, from refinery to wheels. This is typically about 350–400 kg of CO2 equivalent per barrel. We use CO2 equivalent to include the greenhouse-gas (GHG) impact of methane. Then, there is the energy and carbon expenditure of producing that hydrocarbon, well to refinery. This includes drilling, completions, production, and transportation. Carbon emissions from the wells to refinery vary from less than 25 kg to more than

300 kg CO2 equivalent per barrel, averaging about 100. Flaring and fugitive emissions are generally the largest contributors to these emissions.

Environmental, social, and governance (ESG) activism is driving changes in behavior for public investors, private investors, lenders, and management teams. When will the measuring be done? Who will set the industry standards? How will the model be developed?

Carbon emissions from shale production vary dramatically and are also driven by flaring and fugitives. While flaring is preferable to venting, most low-volume flares are inefficient. Operators flare for a variety of reasons including lack of pipeline capacity, upsets, and low value for natural gas.

Fugitive emissions also enter the equation. Fugitive emissions are any leakage or irregular release to the atmosphere of natural gas. This can be caused by human error, mechanical operations (such as pneumatic actuators), or faulty equipment. Fugitive emissions and flaring both factor into the well-to-reservoir carbon footprint.

Many operators already report the carbon intensity of their activities, usually prior-year activities. Carbon intensity is the carbon emissions per unit of energy or per barrel. A variety of regulatory bodies and others argue the definitions of such reporting. We are arguing for reporting estimated carbon intensity of reserves.
As Oil Transitions to “Energy,” OFS Firms Revisit Priorities and Positions
Authors: Feder Judy
Published: August 2021

As the oilfield service sector emerges from a downturn and into a post-COVID-19 world, the companies that comprise it are repositioning them-selves along with their product and service portfolios to demonstrate their ability to sustainably support both new energy solutions and legacy oil and gas customers. This will mean charting new paths through a rapidly changing energy sector and protecting core competencies while entering new markets full of both opportunity and uncertainty.

That is already happening among the sector’s heavyweights. While they still have large legacy businesses focused on hydrocarbons, some are adopting broader energy services business models to reflect the move toward cleaner fuels and renewables. And some are diversifying into new industries altogether, where they can leverage their assets’ competencies to expand their revenue base and potentially broaden their appeal to investors.

Capital Discipline and Patience Sriram Srinivasan, Halliburton’s company’s senior vice president, global technology, said his company is pursuing a long-term journey of looking for solutions to control emissions across the entire upstream operations spread.

“It’s no longer just about deciding where or when to turn pumps on and off or change a gear in the engine powering the pumps in a hydraulic fracturing spread to get improved downhole outcomes. It’s also about embedding energy considerations for emissions reduction across the board,” he said. “We have always designed for performance, cost, serviceability, and operability. Now we’ve added emissions sustainability.”

He used artificial lift as an example. “Electrical submersible pumps (ESPs) are big consumers of electricity. Anything you can do to improve the energy efficiency of ESPs goes a long way toward reducing carbon footprint.”

Most ESPs today are powered by electric induction motors. Halliburton is now looking at permanent magnet motors and associated electronic drives to maximize the efficiency of the motors, and thus, the pumps.

The pump design can also be made more efficient by optimizing the design of the impeller blades.

“Another challenge,” he continued, “is that when sand gets into the pumps, it degrades efficiency, so the pump becomes less efficient the longer it stays in the well. We need changes in coatings to prevent sand from agglomerating on the blades. How do you get a cheap coating that will protect from sand?”

Srinivasan also pointed out that energy efficiency can be improved and carbon footprint reduced by spending less time drilling the same kinds of wells, noting that standardization, digitalization, and automation are key enablers. “The industry is still heavily manual, many people are involved, and there is still way too much paper,” he said, adding that there is huge potential for efficiency improvements and also real urgency around achieving efficiency in every aspect of the drilling operation.
Technology Focus: Wellbore Tubulars (July 2021)
Authors: Samuel Robello
Published: August 2021

How we think about the future of the pipe industry must evolve. How must tubular design and manufacturing change as we transition to clean energy? Geothermal energy is an area that needs attention and, further, needs very specific attention on tubulars. Tubulars are an important component in the construction of geothermal wells, and we must align our requirements for geothermal energy.

Some of the main challenges encountered in geothermal wells are corrosion and scaling. Moreover, temperature becomes a major consideration for tubulars, even more so with the temperature excursion during geothermal production.

Perhaps the critical aspect in the design of the geothermal wells involves casing selection and design. Beyond manufacturing casing pipes to withstand these problems, considering the manufacturing of other components, such as connections, float collars, and float shoes, also is essential. Thermal expansion and thermal excursion of casings are well-integrity concerns; thus, casing design is important for long-term sustainability of geothermal wells.

Apart from thermal simulations, guidelines and software are needed to undergird the designs to withstand not only temperature excursions but also thermomechanical and thermochemical loadings. Engineered nonmetallic casings also provide an alternative solution because they provide the desired strength and corrosion resistance in addition to meeting the goals of sustainability. Undoubtedly, the future of the tubular industry is going to be revitalized. The question now is how we can retrofit existing abandoned wells for this purpose.

Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org.

SPE 199570 - Special Considerations for Well-Tubular Design at Elevated Temperatures by Gang Tao, C-FER Technologies, et al.
FOUR Score Versus GCS in Patients with Traumatic Brain Injury in the Prehospital Setting
Authors: Furman Matej Rubelli , Gorenjak Mario , Ravnik Janez
Published: August 2021

Background: In the last few decades, different coma scoring scales have been proposed. The purpose of this study is to compare two coma scales, the GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) and the FOUR score (Full Outline of UnResponsiveness score), aiming to examine which scale is better for predicting outcome in traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the prehospital setting.Methods: We evaluated the GCS and FOUR scores in the prehospital setting at three different prehospital timepoints, and we reassessed the scores in surviving patients 24 hours, one month and three months after the injury. Then, we compared the outcomes.We used the χ² method, and based on the analysis with the best cut-off point for each model, we calculated the sensitivity, specificity and correct prediction of outcomes with four severity scores. The Youden index, Z score, McNemar's test and ROC curve were also assessed. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Both scales were ranked with gain ratios.Results: We included 200 TBI patients who were treated in a prehospital setting by a prehospital specialized medical unit. In terms of the predictions of positive outcomes, our study showed the following:1. Twenty-four hours after the injury, the best cut-off points obtained were from the FOUR 1 and GCS 1 models.2. One month after the injury, the best cut-off points obtained were from the following models: FOUR 2 and GCS 3 as well as FOUR 3 and GCS 3.3. Three months after the injury, the best cut-off points obtained were from the following models: FOUR 2 and GCS 1, FOUR 3 and GCS 1, and GCS 1 and GCS 2.Conclusions: In our study, the results of our research confirm that there are no practical or clinical differences between the GCS and FOUR scores in terms of predicting morality outcomes 24 hours, one month, and three months after injury. No statistically significant differences were found in the Youden index or the area under the ROC curve 24 hours, one month or three months after the injury.
Glaucoma Screening Skills Among General Ophthalmologists-- How General Should it Be?
Authors: Gawas Lisika , Roy Avik Kumar , Rao Aparna
Published: August 2021

Purpose: To compare the glaucoma assessment skills among general ophthalmologists in their referral patients over a span of 5 years.Methods: Details of consecutive new glaucoma patients seen in the glaucoma services of a tertiary eye care institute in 2013 and 2018 were collected from the hospital database. Details of each patient were obtained from the electronic medical records which included the clinical presentation, baseline intraocular pressure (IOP), type and severity of glaucoma, referral details, gonioscopy, HVF (humphrey visual field) data and number of medications. Results: Of 28,886 medical records screened, 211 & 568 new glaucoma patients were retrieved in 2013 & 2018 respectively. The patients presenting in 2018 were younger (58.1±15.4 years) at presentation than in 2013 (65.6±15.2 years); p<0.01 and also had higher baseline IOP (IOP ≥40mm Hg was found in 9.5% in 2018 versus 2.4% in 2013; p<0.01). The percentage of eyes with presenting visual acuity worse than 20/400 or 20/600 was higher in the patients presenting in 2018, (22.2% vs. 15.1%); p=0.03. Though primary glaucoma predominated in both periods, number of eyes referred to as disc suspects showed an increase in 2018 (4.7% to 14.4%; p<0.01). Among 195 & 517 referrals in 2013 and 2018 respectively, the documentation of clinical findings were dismally poor in both the groups in terms of absent gonioscopy (99% vs. 98.2%, p=0.4), absent disc details (89.6% vs. 91%, p=0.5) or absent visual field analysis (79.1% vs. 74.8%, p=0.2). However, the missing of IOP values was significantly better in the latter year (77.3% vs. 57.2%; p<0.01) Conclusion: The increase in number of new glaucoma patients and referrals did not show a corresponding improvement in documentation of findings except IOP recording among general ophthalmologists. Hence we need to re-emphasize on the training of general ophthalmologists on basic glaucoma evaluation to improve their referral ability.
The Correlation of Respiratory System Compliance and Mortality in COVID-19 Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Do Phenotypes Really Exist?
Authors: Choron Rachel L. , Iacono Stephen A. , Cong Alexander , Bargoud Christopher G. , Teichman Amanda L. , Krumrei Nicole J. , Manderski Michelle T. Bover , Rodricks Michael B , Gupta Rajan , Lissauer Matthew E.
Published: August 2021

Background:
Recent literature suggests respiratory system compliance (Crs) based phenotypes exist among COVID-19 ARDS patients. We sought to determine whether these phenotypes exist and whether Crs predicts mortality.
Methods:
A retrospective observational cohort study of 111 COVID-19 ARDS patients admitted March 11-July 8, 2020. Crs was averaged for the first 72-hours of mechanical ventilation. Crs < 30ml/cmH2O was defined as poor Crs(phenotype-H) whereas Crs ≥ 30ml/cmH2O as preserved Crs(phenotype-L).
Results:
111 COVID-19 ARDS patients were included, 40 phenotype-H and 71 phenotype-L. Both the mean PaO2/FiO2 ratio for the first 72-hours of mechanical ventilation and the PaO2/FiO2 ratio hospital nadir were lower in phenotype-H than L(115[IQR87] vs 165[87], p = 0.016), (63[32] vs 75[59], p = 0.026). There were no difference in characteristics, diagnostic studies, or complications between groups. Twenty-seven (67.5%) phenotype-H patients died vs 37(52.1%) phenotype-L(p = 0.115). Multivariable regression did not reveal a mortality difference between phenotypes; however, a 2-fold mortality increase was noted in Crs < 20 vs > 50ml/cmH2O when analyzing ordinal Crs groups. Moving up one group level (ex. Crs30-39.9ml/cmH2O to 40-49.9ml/cmH2O), was marginally associated with 14% lower risk of death(RR = 0.86, 95%CI 0.72, 1.01, p = 0.065). This attenuated(RR = 0.94, 95%CI 0.80, 1.11) when adjusting for pH nadir and PaO2/FiO2 ratio nadir.
Conclusion:
We identified a spectrum of Crs in COVID-19 ARDS similar to Crs distribution in non-COVID-19 ARDS. While we identified increasing mortality as Crs decreased, there was no specific threshold marking significantly different mortality based on phenotype. We therefore would not define COVID-19 ARDS patients by phenotypes-H or L and would not stray from traditional ARDS ventilator management strategies.
Study on Plasma Exosome Biomarkers of Pregnant Women with Intrahepatic Cholestasis of Pregnancy
Authors: Feng Fan , Jiang Mei , Liu Wei , Xu Di , Huang Xiao-Mei , shao yong
Published: August 2021

Background：Elevated serum total bile acid level is currently the main index for clinical diagnosis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy, but the use of TBA as a detection index has certain limitations. The early diagnosis of ICP and new treatment options still need to be further strengthened. Methods: Plasma samples were collected, and exosomes were isolated. Key differential proteins were screened by bioinformatics methods. ELISA method was used to detect the concentration of the key differential protein cluster in plasma samples, and the ROC curve was drawn to find out the best critical value. Results: There were 138 differentially expressed proteins between the ICP group and the normal group by quantitative analysis. Cluster protein was screened as a clinical validation index. The cluster protein concentration of plasma exosomes in the ICP group was significantly higher than that in the normal group (P<0.0001). ROC curve analysis showed that the best critical point for diagnosing ICP according to the plasma exosome cluster protein concentration of pregnant women was 255.28 ng/ml. In the ICP group, the best crucial point for predicting ICP with premature delivery is 286.72 ng/ml. Conclusion: the plasma exosome cluster protein concentration of ICP pregnant women is significantly higher than that of normal pregnant women. When the plasma cluster protein concentration of pregnant women is more remarkable than 255.28ng/ml, ICP can be diagnosed. When the plasma cluster protein concentration of pregnant women is higher than 286.72ng/ml, ICP pregnant women are more likely to have a premature birth.
A Contribution to Knowledge of Gyroporus (Gyroporaceae, Boletales) in China: Three New Taxa and Amended Descriptions of Two Previous Species
Authors: Xie Hui-Jing , Tang Li-Ping , Mu Man , Fan Yu-Guang , Jiang Shuai , Su Ming-Sheng , Liang Zhi-Qun , Zeng Nian-Kai
Published: August 2021

Some species of Gyroporus (Gyroporaceae, Boletales) in China are investigated on the basis of morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Six Chinese species are recognized in the present study. Among them, G. memnonius, G. porphyreus and G. subglobosus are new to science; G. longicystidiatus and G. paramjitii are previously described; and one ambiguous taxon tentatively named G. cf. castaneus. A key to known species of Gyroporus in China is also provided. A preliminary biogeographical analysis shows that Gyroporus in East Asia and Southeast/South Asia are closely related. Gyroporus longicystidiatus and G. paramjitii are geographically widespread species occurring in East Asia and Southeast/South Asia; G. cf. castaneus is a shared species between East Asia and Europe.
Risk-Score Based Strategy to Minimize Antibiotic Exposure in Children With Sickle Cell Disease and Fever
Authors: Rincón-López Elena Maria , Gómez María Luisa Navarro , Matos Teresa Hernández-Sampelayo , Aguilera-Alonso David , Moreno Eva Dueñas , Cano José María Bellón , Saavedra-Lozano Jesús , Sebastián María del Mar Santos , Morín Marina García , Bieler Cristina Beléndez , Romero Jorge Lorente , de Julián Elena Cela
Published: August 2021

Severe bacterial infections (SBI) have become less frequent in children with sickle cell disease (SCD) in the last decades. However, because of their potential risk of SBI, they usually receive empirical therapy with broad-spectrum antibiotics when they develop fever and are hospitalized in many cases. We performed a prospective study including 79 SCD patients with fever [median age 4.1 (1.7–7.5) years, 78.5% males; 17 of the episodes were diagnosed with SBI and 4 of them were confirmed] and developed a risk score for the prediction of SBI. The optimal score included CRP > 3 mg/dl, IL-6 > 125 pg/ml and hypoxemia, with an AUC of 0.91 (0.83–0.96) for the prediction of confirmed SBI and 0.86 (0.77–0.93) for possible SBI. We classified the patients in 3 groups: low, intermediate and high risk of SBI. Our risk-score based management proposal could help to safely minimize antibiotic treatments and hospital admissions in children with SCD at low risk of SBI.
Polo-like Kinase-1, Aurora Kinase A and Wee1 Kinase Are Novel Therapeutic Targets in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Mancini Manuela , De Santis Sara , Monaldi Cecilia , Castagnetti Fausto , Lonetti Annalisa , Bruno Samantha , Dan Elisa , Sinigaglia Barbara , Rosti Gianantonio , Cavo Michele , Gugliotta Gabriele , Soverini Simona
Published: August 2021

BackgroundIn chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), Aurora kinase A and Polo like kinase 1 (Plk1), two serine-threonine kinases involved in the maintenance of a functional G2/M checkpoint, may cooperate with the constitutive tyrosine-kinase (TK) activity of the BCR-ABL1 fusion protein increasing DNA damage, promoting the occurrence of additional genomic alterations ultimately driving resistance to TK inhibitors (TKIs) and progression from chronic phase to blast crisis (BC). MethodsIn this study, we propose a new therapeutic strategy based on the combination of Aurora kinase A or Plk1 inhibition with danusertib or volasertib, respectively, and WEE1 inhibition with AZD1775. Apoptotic cell death was quantified by annexin V/propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry. Cell cycle distribution was assessed by PI staining and flow cytometry. Protein expression and activation was assessed by Western Blotting (WB) and Immunofluorescence. Clonogenic assays were performed to evaluate cells sensitivity to the different drugs.ResultsDanusertib and volasertib used as single drugs induced apoptosis and G2/M-phase arrest, associated with accumulation of phospho-WEE1. Subsequent addition of the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 in combination significantly enhanced the induction of apoptotic cell death in TKI-sensitive and -resistant cell lines as compared to both danusertib and volasertib alone and to the simultaneous combination. This schedule indeed induced a significant increase of the DNA double-strand break marker γH2AX, forcing the cells through successive replication cycles ultimately resulting in apoptosis. Finally, combination of danusertib or volasertib+AZD1775 significantly reduced the clonogenic potential of CD34+ CML progenitors. ConclusionsOur results may have implications for the development of innovative therapeutic approaches based on Aurora kinase A or Plk1 inhibition associated with WEE1 blocking, aimed to improve the outcomes of patients with multi-TKI-resistant or BC CML.
Comprehensive Analysis of Lymph Nodes Metastasis Associated Genes in Cervical Cancer and its Significance in Treatment and Prognosis
Authors: Yang Ping , Ruan Youqing , Yan Zhiling , Gao Yang , Yang Hongying , Wang Shaojia
Published: August 2021

Background: Cervical carcinoma is one of the most common malignant tumors of the female reproductive system. Lymph nodes metastasis, the most common metastasis, which can be detected even in small-size tumor patients, results in worse prognosis. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore novel lymph nodes metastasis associated biomarkers, which can predict the prognosis and provide a good reference for clinical decision making in cervical carcinoma patients. However, systematic and comprehensive studies related to the key molecules in lymph node metastasis in cervical carcinoma patients are still absent. Methods: Transcriptome and clinical data of 307 cervical carcinoma patients were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Then, survival of patients with and without lymph node metastasis was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier (K-M) curves. Differential expressed genes (DEGs) were detected between tumor and control samples using limma package and defined as lymph node metastasis related genes. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were carried out to screen robust prognostic gene signature. The risk score model and nomogram for predicting survival were constructed based on prognostic gene signature. The performance of the risk score model was evaluated by operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Based on risk score, patients were divided into low- and high- risk groups. DEGs, functional enrichment analysis and tumor microenvironment (immune infiltration and expressions of immune checkpoints) were detected in low- and high-risk groups. Results: A total of 103 lymph node metastasis-associated genes were identified. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses identified TEKT2, LPIN2, FABP4 and CXCL2 as prognostic gene signature. The risk score model was constructed and validated in cervical carcinoma patients. 345 DEGs identified between high- and low-risk groups were significantly enriched into immune-related biological processes. Furthermore, we found that the immune infiltration and expressions of immune checkpoints were significantly different between low- and high-risk groups.Conclusion: Our study revealed that lymph node metastasis played an important role in the prognosis of cervical carcinoma patients. Furthermore, we established a risk score model based on lymph node metastasis related genes, which could accurately predict the survival of cervical carcinoma patients. Besides, our findings in tumor microenvironments of low- and high-risk groups improved our understanding of the relationship between lymph node metastasis related genes and cervical carcinoma.
Effects of Long-Term Hydrogen Intervention on Plasma Metabolites and Gut Microbiome of Rats in Health Status
Authors: Xie Fei , Jiang Xue , Yi Yang , Liu Zi-Jia , Ma Chen , He Jin , Xun Zhi-ming , Wang Meng , Liu Meng-yu , Adzavon Yao Mawulikplimi , Zhao Peng-xiang , Ma Xue-mei
Published: August 2021

The potential for preventive and therapeutic applications of H2 have now been confirmed in various disease. However, the effects of H2 on health status have not been fully elucidated. Our previous study reported changes in the body weight and 13 serum biochemical parameters during the six-month hydrogen intervention. To obtain a more comprehensive understanding of the effects of long-term hydrogen consumption, the plasma metabolome and gut microbiota were investigated in this study. Compared with the control group, 14 and 10 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified in hydrogen-rich water (HRW) and hydrogen inhalation (HI) group, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis showed that HRW intake mainly affected starch and sucrose metabolism, and DMs in HI group were mainly enriched in arginine biosynthesis. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that HRW intake induced significant changes in the structure of gut microbiota, while no marked bacterial community differences was observed in HI group. HRW intake mainly induced significant increase in the abundance of Lactobacillus, Ruminococcus, Clostridium XI, and decrease in Bacteroides. HI mainly induced decreased abundances of Blautia and Paraprevotella. The results of this study provide basic data for further research on hydrogen medicine. Determination of the effects of hydrogen intervention on microbiota profiles could also shed light on identification of mechanism underlying the biological effects of molecular hydrogen.
Transplantation of Wnt4-modified Neural Stem Cells Mediate M2 Polarization to Promote Spinal Cord Injury Repair
Authors: Li Xiang , Long Lingli , Hu Yue , Zhang Wenwu , Zhong Fangling , Tuo Ying , Cheng Xing , Wan Yong
Published: August 2021

Background: Neural stem cells (NSCs) transplantation has been considered as a potential strategy to reconnect the neural circuit after spinal cord injury (SCI) but the therapeutic effect was still unsatisfied because of the poor inflammatory microenvironment. Wnt4 has been considered to be neurogenesis and anti-inflammatory so that it would be an essential assistant agent for NSCs transplantation. To explore interaction between Wnt4-modified NSCs and macrophages; and the effect of Wnt4-modified NSCs on the inflammatory microenvironment of SCI is relevant for targeted and effective treatments that promote injured spinal cord repair. Methods: In vitro NSCs-macrophages co-cultured system was established to unravel the interaction and involved mechanism between Wnt4-modified NSCs and macrophages. Wnt4-modified NSCs were transplanted into SCI model to confirm the effect of Wnt4-modified NSCs on modulation of inflammatory microenvironment of SCI and the therapeutic effect of Wnt4-modified NSCs on SCI. Results: Wnt4-modified NSCs induce M2 polarization and inhibit M1 polarization of macrophages through suppress TLR4/NF-κB signal pathway; furthermore, M2 cells promote neuronal differentiation of NSCs through MAPK/JNK signal pathway. In vivo, transplantation of Wnt4-modified NSCs improve inflammatory microenvironment through induce M2 polarization and inhibit M1 polarization of macrophages to promote axonal regeneration and tissue repair.Conclusions: Transplantation of Wnt4-modified NSCs effectively improve the inflammatory microenvironment through inducing M2 polarization and suppressing M1 polarization of macrophages after SCI. Considering these positive therapeutic effects, Wnt4 may have remarkable potential to be optimal assistant agent in NSCs transplantation for SCI.
The Use of the Direct Test on Substrate in the Assessment of Phytotoxicity of Foundry Waste
Authors: Bożym Marta
Published: August 2021

The article presents the results of phytotoxicity tests on foundry dust and landfilled waste. Currently, all of this waste is being reused. The results supplement the previous study on the phytotoxicity of waste leachate. The research has focused on phytotoxicity tests performed directly on the waste. Watercress (Lepidium sativum L.) was used as the test plant. The germination test (GI) and the accumulation test were used to assess phytotoxicity. The results show that the dust from electric furnaces, classified as hazardous waste, was the most phytotoxic. Most of the dust samples inhibited germination and root growth. A possible cause of this phytotoxicity was the high content of heavy metals and low pH. The phytotoxicity were different from previous studies on waste leachate. A lower phytotoxicity effect was found for those waste leachates. The differences could have been caused by the higher concentration of toxic substances available to plants in the direct test. Moreover, the direct contact of sprouts and roots of L. sativum could have contributed to the higher phytotoxicity of the wastes than the leachate. Therefore, it seems appropriate to use both tests simultaneously to assess the phytotoxicity of waste.
COL11A1 is the Key Target Gene of MIST1 on Tumor Progression of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Li Yang , Liu Zhiqiang , Sun Ying , Ren Dianyun , Li Yongfeng , Gou Shanmiao
Published: August 2021

Background: MIST1, a component of BHLH transcription factors, has been documented to be an important factor in tumor progression of pancreatic cancer, but the molecular mechanism is still unknown.Methods: COL11A1 was screened as a candidate key target gene of MIST1 in pancreatic cancer by ChIP -seq assay and verified by RT-PCR and Western Blotting on MIST1-overexpression pancreatic cancer cells. ChIP and dual-luciferase assays were performed to study the binding domain of MIST1 and COL11A1. Transwell invasion, wound healing, MTT, colony formation assays and animal experiments were performed to investigate the roles of COL11A1 expression on pancreatic cancer cells. Clinical data and TCGA datasets were used to evaluate the role of COL11A1 expression on prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer.Results: MIST1 could bind to the promoter of COL11A1 as a negative transcription factor in pancreatic cancer. Overexpression of COL11A1 promotes pancreatic cancer cell growth, migration and invasion in vitro and in vivo. Expression of COL11A1 was upregulated in pancreatic cancer and positively correlated with a worse prognosis for patients with pancreatic cancer. Conclusions: These results demonstrated COL11A1 as a carcinogen in pancreatic cancer, and it acts as the key target gene of MIST1 on tumor progression of pancreatic cancer. COL11A1 can act as a potential therapeutic target of pancreatic cancer which is superior to MIST1.
The Influence of Competition Trait-Mediated Effects on Intra-Guild Predation System
Authors: Rong Zhang , Shuai Zhou , Wenjun Zhu , Xiaomei Zhou
Published: August 2021

Parasitism can affect the population dynamics in many ways, and its indirect effect is easy to be ignored, that is, it can weaken the host's behavior, physiology and psychology to affect the whole population. In this paper, we build a differential equation model by adding four parameters to study the influence of multiple competitive relationships on the predator-prey system, It includes the enhancement effect g of intraspecific competition and the enhancement effect h of interspecific competition between susceptible population and infected population, the weakening effect m of intraspecific competition and the weakening effect n of interspecific competition between susceptible population and infected population. Through the analysis, it can be concluded that a single g or m can promote the symbiosis of predator and prey, a single h has little effect on the population dynamics, and a single n is not conducive to the symbiosis; The fusion of g and h promotes coexistence, but the fusion of m and n is on the contrary; Interestingly, the combination of multiple regulatory parameters has a chemical effect on the survival of species, but the combination of g, m and h can inhibit coexistence, while the combination of g, m and n can promote coexistence. The reason is that the combination of parameters is not a simple addition of effects, but a prerequisite for mutual influence. To sum up, the research content provides a reference for considering the role of multiple factors, and provides theoretical guidance for explaining ecological phenomena and proving ecological conclusions.
Attitude and Behaviour For Preventing COVID-19 Disease Infections in Mali: An Analysis Based On COVID-19 Panel Phone Survey
Authors: GUETS Wilfried , Behera Deepak Kumar
Published: August 2021

Background

COVID-19 outbreak has been declared as an emerging and conflict situation by the World Health Organization (WHO) due to the multiple nature of infection through international spread that poses a serious threat to populations’ health and socio-economic conditions household in general.
Objective

This study aims to analyse the behaviour adopted by households’ heads for preventing COVID-19 infection in Mali.
Methods

We collected data from the COVID-19 Panel Households survey collected in Mali by the National Statistical Office, Institut National de la Statistique (INSTAT), in collaboration with the World Bank in October 2020. We used a multivariate logistic regression model.
Results

A total of 1,514 households heads were included. The age between 20 and 90 years old. The poor households represented 27%. Being a household with a low-income reduced the probability of using masks (p < 0.1). Being poor increased the probability to agree with vaccination (p < 0.01). The health services utilisation increased the probability of wear masks (p < 0.01), getting tested (p < 0.01), and agree with the vaccine (p < 0.01). People with a high occupation volume were more likely to wear protective masks (p < 0.1).
Conclusion

Behaviour and attitude prevention varied according to households characteristics. Local government and policymakers should continue to provide more economic, medical and social assistance to protect the population, which would reduce the spread of the disease, particularly to households living in vulnerable regions of the country most affected by conflict and food insecurity.