bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum Parametric Mode Sorting: Beating the Time-Frequency Filtering
Authors: Shahverdi Amin , Sua Yong Meng , Tumeh Lubna , Huang Yu-Ping
Published: July 2017

Selective detection of signal over noise is essential to measurement and signal processing. Time-frequency filtering has been the standard approach for the optimal detection of non-stationary signals. However, there is a fundamental tradeoff between the signal detection efficiency and the amount of undesirable noise detected simultaneously, which restricts its uses under weak signal yet strong noise conditions. Here, we demonstrate quantum parametric mode sorting based on nonlinear optics at the edge of phase matching to improve the tradeoff. By tailoring the nonlinear process in a commercial lithium-niobate waveguide through optical arbitrary waveform generation, we demonstrate highly selective detection of picosecond signals overlapping temporally and spectrally but in orthogonal time-frequency modes as well as against broadband noise, with performance well exceeding the theoretical limit of the optimized time-frequency filtering. We also verify that our device does not introduce any significant quantum noise to the detected signal and demonstrate faithful detection of pico-second single photons. Together, these results point to unexplored opportunities in measurement and signal processing under challenging conditions, such as photon-starving quantum applications.
Long-term (2–5 years) adverse clinical outcomes associated with ZES versus SES, PES and EES: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bundhun Pravesh Kumar , Bhurtu Akash , Pursun Manish , Soogund Mohammad Zafooruddin Sani , Teeluck Abhishek Rishikesh , Huang Wei-Qiang
Published: July 2017

Several previously published trials comparing Zotarolimus Eluting Stents (ZES) with Sirolimus Eluting Stents (SES), Paclitaxel Eluting Stents (PES) or Everolimus Eluting Stents (EES) at a follow up period of 1 year, were continually being followed up in order to assess the long-term outcomes. In this meta-analysis, we aimed to compare the long-term (2–5 years) adverse clinical outcomes which were associated with ZES versus SES, PES and EES following Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Risk Ratios (RR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) were generated and the analysis was carried out by the RevMan 5.3 software. In this analysis with a total number of 17,606 participants, ZES and EES were associated with similar adverse outcomes including Stent Thrombosis (ST), myocardial infarction (MI), major adverse cardiac events and repeated revascularization. When ZES were compared with SES and PES during the long-term, MI and definite or probable ST were significantly lower with ZES, with RR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.17–1.56; P = 0.0001 and RR: 1.91, 95% CI: 1.33–2.75; P = 0.0004 respectively whereas the other adverse outcomes were similarly manifested. Future research should be able to confirm this hypothesis.
Hepatitis C Virus Exploits Death Receptor 6-mediated Signaling Pathway to Facilitate Viral Propagation
Authors: Luong Trang T. D. , Tran Giao V. Q. , Shin Dong-Jo , Lim Yun-Sook , Hwang Soon B.
Published: July 2017

The life cycle of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is highly dependent on host proteins for virus propagation. By transcriptome sequencing analysis, we identified host genes that were highly differentially expressed in HCV-infected cells. Of these candidates, we selected Death receptor 6 (DR6) for further characterization. DR6 is an orphan member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily. In the present study, we demonstrated that both mRNA and protein levels of DR6 were increased in the context of HCV replication. We further showed that promoter activity of DR6 was increased by HCV infection. By employing promoter-linked reporter assay, we showed that HCV upregulated DR6 via ROS-mediated NF-κB pathway. Both mRNA and protein levels of DR6 were increased by NS4B or NS5A. However, NS5A but not NS4B specifically interacted with DR6. We showed that HCV modulated JNK, p38 MAPK, STAT3, and Akt signaling pathways in a DR6-dependent manner. Interestingly, Akt signaling cascade was regulated by protein interplay between DR6 and NS5A. Silencing of DR6 expression resulted in decrease of infectious HCV production without affecting viral entry, replication, and translation. Together, these data indicate that HCV modulates DR6 signaling pathway for viral propagation and may contribute to HCV-mediated pathogenesis.
Association of human height-related genetic variants with familial short stature in Han Chinese in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Ying-Ju , Liao Wen-Ling , Wang Chung-Hsing , Tsai Li-Ping , Tang Chih-Hsin , Chen Chien-Hsiun , Wu Jer-Yuarn , Liang Wen-Miin , Hsieh Ai-Ru , Cheng Chi-Fung , Chen Jin-Hua , Chien Wen-Kuei , Lin Ting-Hsu , Wu Chia-Ming , Liao Chiu-Chu , Huang Shao-Mei , Tsai Fuu-Jen
Published: July 2017

Human height can be described as a classical and inherited trait model. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have revealed susceptible loci and provided insights into the polygenic nature of human height. Familial short stature (FSS) represents a suitable trait for investigating short stature genetics because disease associations with short stature have been ruled out in this case. In addition, FSS is caused only by genetically inherited factors. In this study, we explored the correlations of FSS risk with the genetic loci associated with human height in previous GWAS, alone and cumulatively. We systematically evaluated 34 known human height single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in relation to FSS in the additive model (p < 0.00005). A cumulative effect was observed: the odds ratios gradually increased with increasing genetic risk score quartiles (p < 0.001; Cochran-Armitage trend test). Six affected genes—ZBTB38, ZNF638, LCORL, CABLES1, CDK10, and TSEN15—are located in the nucleus and have been implicated in embryonic, organismal, and tissue development. In conclusion, our study suggests that 13 human height GWAS-identified SNPs are associated with FSS risk both alone and cumulatively.
Post-hypoxia Invasion of the fetal brain by multidrug resistant Staphylococcus
Authors: Zarate Miguel A. , Rodriguez Michelle D. , Chang Eileen I. , Russell Jordan T. , Arndt Thomas J. , Richards Elaine M. , Ocasio Beronica A. , Aranda Eva , Gordon Elizabeth M. , Yu Kevin , Neu Josef , Keller-Wood Maureen , Triplett Eric W. , Wood Charles E.
Published: July 2017

Herein we describe an association between activation of inflammatory pathways following transient hypoxia and the appearance of the multidrug resistant bacteria Staphylococcus simulans in the fetal brain. Reduction of maternal arterial oxygen tension by 50% over 30 min resulted in a subseiuent significant over-expression of genes associated with immune responses 24 h later in the fetal brain. The activated genes were consistent with stimulation by bacterial lipopolysaccharide; an influx of macrophages and appearance of live bacteria were found in these fetal brains. S. simulans was the predominant bacterial species in fetal brain after hypoxia, but was found in placenta of all animals. Strains of S. simulans from the placenta and fetal brain were equally highly resistant to multiple antibiotics including methicillin and had identical genome sequences. These results suggest that bacteria from the placenta invade the fetal brain after maternal hypoxia.
Expression of RMRP RNA is regulated in chondrocyte hypertrophy and determines chondrogenic differentiation
Authors: Steinbusch Mandy M. F. , Caron Marjolein M. J. , Surtel Don A. M. , Friedrich Franziska , Lausch Ekkehart , Pruijn Ger J. M. , Verhesen Wouter , Schroen Blanche L. M. , van Rhijn Lodewijk W. , Zabel Bernhard , Welting Tim J. M.
Published: July 2017

Mutations in theRMRP-gene, encoding the lncRNA component of the RNase MRP complex, are the origin of cartilage-hair hypoplasia. Cartilage-hair hypoplasia is associated with severe dwarfism caused by impaired skeletal development. However, it is not clear why mutations inRMRPRNA lead to skeletal dysplasia. Since chondrogenic differentiation of the growth plate is required for development of long bones, we hypothesized thatRMRPRNA plays a pivotal role in chondrogenic differentiation. Expression ofRmrpRNA and RNase MRP protein subunits was detected in the murine growth plate and during the course of chondrogenic differentiation of ATDC5 cultures, whereRmrpRNA expression was found to be correlated with chondrocyte hypertrophy. Genetic interference withRmrpRNA expression in ATDC5 cultures caused a deregulation of chondrogenic differentiation, with a prominent impact on hypertrophy and changes in pre-rRNA processing and rRNA levels. Promoter reporter studies showed thatRmrpRNA expression responds to chondrogenic morphogens. Chondrogenic trans-differentiation of cartilage-hair hypoplasia fibroblasts was impaired with a pronounced impact on hypertrophic differentiation. Together, our data show thatRMRPRNA expression is regulated during different stages of chondrogenic differentiation and indicate thatRMRPRNA may play a pivotal role in chondrocyte hypertrophy, with potential consequences for CHH pathobiology.
Sirt1 negatively regulates FcεRI-mediated mast cell activation through AMPK- and PTP1B-dependent processes
Authors: Li Xian , Lee Youn Ju , Jin Fansi , Park Young Na , Deng Yifeng , Kang Youra , Yang Ju Hye , Chang Jae-Hoon , Kim Dong-Young , Kim Jung-Ae , Chang Young-Chae , Ko Hyun-Jeong , Kim Cheorl-Ho , Murakami Makoto , Chang Hyeun Wook
Published: July 2017

Sirt1, a key regulator of metabolism and longevity, has recently been implicated in the regulation of allergic reactions, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here we show that Sirt1 negatively regulates FcεRI-stimulated mast cell activation and anaphylaxis through two mutually regulated pathways involving AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B). Mast cell-specific knockout of Sirt1 dampened AMPK-dependent suppression of FcεRI signaling, thereby augmenting mast cell activation both in vitro and in vivo. Sirt1 inhibition of FcεRI signaling also involved an alternative component, PTP1B, which attenuated the inhibitory AMPK pathway and conversely enhanced the stimulatory Syk pathway, uncovering a novel role of this phosphatase. Moreover, a Sirt1 activator resveratrol stimulated the inhibitory AMPK axis, with reciprocal suppression of the stimulatory PTP1B/Syk axis, thus potently inhibiting anaphylaxis. Overall, our results provide a molecular explanation for the beneficial role of Sirt1 in allergy and underscore a potential application of Sirt1 activators as a new class of anti-allergic agents.
Solid-State 77Se NMR of Organoselenium Compounds through Cross Polarization Magic Angle Spinning (CPMAS) Method
Authors: Wei Duo , Han Mengting , Yu Lei
Published: July 2017

Characterization of selenium states by 77Se NMR is quite important to provide vital information for mechanism studies in organoselenium-catalyzed reactions. With the development of heterogeneous polymer-supported organoselenium catalysts, the solid state 77Se NMR comes to the spotlight. It is necessary to figure out an advanced protocol that provides good quality spectra within limited time because solid state 77Se NMR measurements are always time consuming due to the long relaxation time and the relatively low sensitivity. Studies on small molecules and several novel polymer-supported organoselenium materials in this article showed that cross polarization (CP) method with the assistance of magic angle spinning (MAS) was more efficient to get high quality spectra than the methods by using single pulse (SP) or high power 1H decoupling (HPHD) combined with MAS. These results lead to a good understanding of the effect of the molecular structure, the heteronuclear coupling, the long-range ordering of the solid (crystal or amorphous), and the symmetry of 77Se on quality of their spectra.
Integrin β3/Akt signaling contributes to platelet-induced hemangioendothelioma growth
Authors: Gu Rui , Sun Xin , Chi Yijie , Zhou Qishuang , Xiang Hongkai , Bosco Dale B. , Lai Xinhe , Qin Caixia , So Kwok-Fai , Ren Yi , Chen Xiao-Ming
Published: July 2017

Hemangioendothelioma (HE) is a type of angiomatous lesions that features endothelial cell proliferation. Understanding the mechanisms orchestrating HE angiogenesis can provide therapeutic insights. It has been shown that platelets can support normal and malignant endothelial cells during angiogenesis. Using the mouse endothelial-derived EOMA cell line as a model of HE, we explored the regulatory effect of platelets. We found that platelets stimulated EOMA proliferation but did not mitigate apoptosis. Furthermore, direct platelet-EOMA cell contact was required and the proliferation was mediated via integrin β3/Akt signaling in EOMA cells. SiRNA knockdown of integrin β3 and inhibition of Akt activity significantly abolished platelet-induced EOMA cell proliferationin vitroand tumor developmentin vivo. These results provide a new mechanism by which platelets support HE progression and suggest integrin β3 as a potential target to treat HE.
Characterization of a Propionibacterium acnes Surface Protein as a Fibrinogen-Binding Protein
Authors: Grange Philippe A. , Raingeaud Joël , Morelle Willy , Marcelin Anne-Geneviève , Calvez Vincent , Dupin Nicolas
Published: July 2017

Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) is a major skin-associated bacterium that was long considered commensal, until several studies revealed it to be an opportunistic pathogen. We investigated the ability of P. acnes surface proteins to recognize ECM proteins and showed that a 58 kDa P. acnes surface protein was specifically recognized by human fibrinogen (hFg). The 58 kDa protein was further characterized by two-dimensional (2-D) electrophoresis and MALDI-ToF as a P. acnes host cell-surface attachment protein, PA25957, recognizing dermatan sulfate (DsA1). This protein sequence contains 432 amino acids with the presence of three structurally different domains: an N-terminal signal peptide, a C-terminal LPXTG motif, and a PT repeat region. DsA1 is mostly produced during stationary phase. It appears to be highly glycosylated, containing GalNAc residues. Purified DsA1 strongly recognizes the Aα and Bβ subunits of hFg, and specific enzymatic deglycosylation of hFg demonstrated the involvement of the protein backbone in the recognition process. The Bβ subunit of hFg was cloned in four peptide fractions (Fg1-Fg4). The N-terminal Fg1 peptide of hFg was recognized by DsA1, and priming DsA1 with Fg1 inhibited DsA1/hFg recognition. We describe here for the first time, the characterization of a P. acnes surface glycoprotein recognizing human fibrinogen.
Targeted proteomic assays for quantitation of proteins identified by proteogenomic analysis of ovarian cancer
Authors: Song Ehwang , Gao Yuqian , Wu Chaochao , Shi Tujin , Nie Song , Fillmore Thomas L. , Schepmoes Athena A. , Gritsenko Marina A. , Qian Wei-Jun , Smith Richard D. , Rodland Karin D. , Liu Tao
Published: July 2017

Mass spectrometry (MS) based targeted proteomic methods such as selected reaction monitoring (SRM) are emerging as a promising tool for verification of candidate proteins in biological and biomedical applications. The Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) of the National Cancer Institute has investigated the standardization and analytical validation of the SRM assays and demonstrated robust analytical performance on different instruments across different laboratories. An Assay Portal has also been established by CPTAC to provide the research community a resource consisting of large sets of targeted MS-based assays, and a depository to share assays publicly. Herein, we report the development of 98 SRM assays that have been thoroughly characterized according to the CPTAC Assay Characterization Guidance Document; 37 of these passed all five experimental tests. The assays cover 70 proteins previously identified at the protein level in ovarian tumors. The experiments, methods and results for characterizing these SRM assays for their MS response, repeatability, selectivity, stability, and endogenous detection are described in detail. Data are available via PeptideAtlas, Panorama and the CPTAC Assay Portal.
Correction: Conceptual design of tetraazaporphyrin- and subtetraazaporphyrin-based functional nanocarbon materials: electronic structures, topologies, optical properties, and methane storage capacities
Authors: Belosludov Rodion V. , Rhoda Hannah M. , Zhdanov Ravil K. , Belosludov Vladimir R. , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Nemykin Victor N.
Published: July 2017

Correction for ‘Conceptual design of tetraazaporphyrin- and subtetraazaporphyrin-based functional nanocarbon materials: electronic structures, topologies, optical properties, and methane storage capacities’ by Rodion V. Belosludov et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2016, 18, 13503–13518.
Enhanced free energy of extraction of Eu3+ and Am3+ ions towards diglycolamide appended calix[4]arene: insights from DFT-D3 and COSMO-RS solvation models
Authors: Ali Sk. Musharaf
Published: July 2017

Positive entropy enhanced the Gibbs free energy of Eu3+ and Am3+ ions towards diglycolamide appended calix[4]arene.
Organic-free synthesis of zincoaluminosilicate zeolites from homogeneous gels prepared by a co-precipitation method
Authors: Koike Natsume , Chaikittisilp Watcharop , Iyoki Kenta , Yanaba Yutaka , Yoshikawa Takeshi , Elangovan Shanmugam Palani , Itabashi Keiji , Okubo Tatsuya
Published: July 2017

Zincoaluminosilicate gels prepared by a co-precipitation technique are efficient starting materials for synthesis of MOR and *BEA zincoaluminosilicate zeolites.
Stepwise construction of discrete parallelogram- and prism-shaped organometallic architectures based on half-sandwich rhodium fragments
Authors: Gao Wen-Xi , Lin Yue-Jian , Jin Guo-Xin
Published: July 2017

Using a versatile pyridyl-substituted imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylate proligand, together with half-sandwich rhodium fragments, a series of discrete organometallic complexes with parallelogram and trigonal prism shapes were constructed stepwise.
The role of carbonate in electro-catalytic water oxidation by using Ni(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)2+
Authors: Ariela Burg , Yaniv Wolfer , Dror Shamir , Haya Kornweitz , Yael Albo , Eric Maimon , Dan Meyerstein
Published: July 2017

NiLi2+ are good electro-catalysts for water oxidation in phosphate/carbonate buffers. The active species are L(X)NiIVOH4−(3−n+1)/(2−n+1). Carbonate behaves differently from phosphate.
Understanding the mobilisation of metal pollution associated with historical mining in a carboniferous upland catchment
Authors: Valencia-Avellan Magaly , Slack Rebecca , Stockdale Anthony , Mortimer Robert John George
Published: July 2017

This study provides an understanding of geochemical processes controlling the concentration and mobility of dissolved metals in neutral metal-rich drainage.
Perspective on droplet-based single-cell sequencing
Authors: Weitz David A.
Published: July 2017

Thought leader David Weitz introduces the Lab on a Chip droplet-based single-cell sequencing thematic collection.
Ligand exchange based molecular doping in 2D hybrid molecule-nanoparticle arrays: length determines exchange efficiency and conductance
Authors: McCold Cliff E. , Fu Qiang , Hihath Sahar , Han Ji-Min , Halfon Yaeir , Faller Roland , van Benthem Klaus , Zang Ling , Hihath Joshua
Published: July 2017

Controlling the initial ligand length determines the efficiency of the secondary ligand's substitution into the nanoparticle array. This determines post-exchange conductance in a manner akin to doping.
Complexation of sesquiterpene lactones with cyclodextrins: synthesis and effects on their activities on parasitic weeds
Authors: Cala Antonio , Molinillo José M. G. , Fernández-Aparicio Mónica , Ayuso Jesús , Álvarez José A. , Rubiales Diego , Macías Francisco A.
Published: July 2017

Cyclodextrin complexes were prepared by the kneading and coprecipitation methods; then theoretical complexes were calculated and different bioassays were carried out.
An aryne-based three-component access to α-aroylamino amides
Authors: Serafini Marta , Griglio Alessia , Viarengo Sara , Aprile Silvio , Pirali Tracey
Published: July 2017

A novel multicomponent reaction among arynes, tertiary α-monosubstituted α-isocyanoacetamides and water was discovered to access densely functionalized α-aroylamino amides. The stereoconservative course of the MCR was investigated.
Narrow band resonance in the UV light region of a plasmonic nanotextured surface used as a refractive index sensor
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Wang Tengfei , Nie Fuqiang
Published: July 2017

An aperiodic plasmoic nanotextured surface with metal-dielectric-metal (MDM) multilayer nanostructure acts as a refractive index (RI) sensor in the ultra-violet light region.
Steering photoinduced charge kinetics via anionic group doping in Bi2MoO6 for efficient photocatalytic removal of water organic pollutants
Authors: Xing Yongxing , Zhang Jing , Liu Zhiliang , Du Chunfang
Published: July 2017

Carbonated doping and noble metal loading improved the rate of photogenerated charge carriers and robustly enhanced the photocatalytic properties of Bi2MoO6.
Structural, optical and electrical evolution of Al and Ga co-doped ZnO/SiO2/glass thin film: role of laser power density
Authors: Samavati Alireza , Samavati Zahra , Ismail A. F. , Othman M. H. D. , Rahman Mukhlis A. , Zulhairun A. K. , Amiri I. S.
Published: July 2017

This study investigates the characteristics of laser annealed thin films of Al–Ga co-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Al–Ga) nanoparticles on top of SiO2/glass.
Increasing the sensitivity and selectivity of a GONS quenched probe for an mRNA assay assisted with duplex specific nuclease
Authors: Fan Jialong , Zhang Xizhi , Cheng Yanxiang , Xiao Changhui , Wang Wei , Liu Xuanming , Tong Chunyi , Liu Bin
Published: July 2017

The authors report a new graphene oxide nanosheet (GONS) based fluorescence method for mRNA assay with duplex-specific nuclease (DSN)-assisted signal amplification.
Soluble fluorene–benzothiadiazole polymer-grafted graphene for photovoltaic devices
Authors: He Junying , Bao Feng , Yan Shuang , Weng Fangqing , Ma Rui , Liu Yanping , Ding Hao
Published: July 2017

Herein, a polymer based on fluorene and benzothiadazole (PFBT) was covalently grafted on brominated graphene (G-PFBT) sheets via Suzuki coupling reaction and characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), fluorescence emission (FL), and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.
An ionic liquid loaded magnetically confined polymeric mesoporous adsorbent for extraction of parabens from environmental and cosmetic samples
Authors: Md Yusoff Masrudin , Raoov Muggundha , Yahaya Noorfatimah , Md Salleh Noorashikin
Published: July 2017

Schematic illustration of MSPE procedure for paraben analysis using a new ionic liquid loaded magnetically confined polymeric mesoporous material.
Enhancing perovskite film fluorescence by simultaneous near- and far-field effects of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Wu Xiaoyan , Li Yanglong , Wu Lingyuan , Fu Bo , Liu Guodong , Zhang Dayong , Zhao Jianheng , Chen Ping , Liu Linlin
Published: July 2017

Gold nanoparticles are incorporated into PEDOT:PSS for enhanced perovskite fluorescence, which originates from simultaneous near- and far-field effects.
Performance of ZnMn2O4/SiO2 sorbent for high temperature H2S removal from hot coal gas
Authors: Ko Tzu-Hsing , Wang Shumao , Chang Feng-Hsiang , Chu Chen-Yao
Published: July 2017

A spinel ZnMn2O4 sorbent supported on SiO2 was fabricated using a wet impregnation method for high temperature desulfurization.
Correction: A dual-functional indium–organic framework towards organic pollutant decontamination via physically selective adsorption and chemical photodegradation
Authors: Li Qing , Xue Dong-Xu , Zhang Yu-Feng , Zhang Zong-Hui , Gao Ziwei , Bai Junfeng
Published: July 2017

Correction for ‘A dual-functional indium–organic framework towards organic pollutant decontamination via physically selective adsorption and chemical photodegradation’ by Qing Li et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2017, DOI: 10.1039/c7ta02216f.
Dye functionalized-ROMP based terpolymers for the use as a light up-converting material via triplet–triplet annihilation
Authors: Hollauf M. , Zach P. W. , Borisov S. M. , Müller B. J. , Beichel D. , Tscherner M. , Köstler S. , Hartmann P. , Knall A.-C. , Trimmel G.
Published: July 2017

The influence of different terpolymer architectures was studied in regard to their light-up conversion efficiency via triplet–triplet-annihilation.
Vacuum-evaporated all-inorganic cesium lead bromine perovskites for high-performance light-emitting diodes
Authors: Hu Yun , Wang Qiang , Shi Ying-Li , Li Meng , Zhang Lei , Wang Zhao-Kui , Liao Liang-Sheng
Published: July 2017

Vacuum-evaporated all-inorganic cesium lead bromine perovskite LEDs achieved a maximum external quantum efficiency of 1.55%.
Context‐sensitive, first‐principles approach to bicycle speed estimation
Authors: Tengattini Simone , Bigazzi Alexander York
Published: July 2017

Bicycle speed estimation is important for geometric design, traffic signal operations, microsimulation models, and health and safety assessment, among other applications. Bicycle speeds can vary greatly with the characteristics and power output of the rider and with travel conditions, especially road grade. This study presents a mathematical framework to address the non‐trivial and practical problem of estimating bicycle free‐flow speeds in a way that is sensitive to cyclist and roadway attributes. A closed expression is derived from first principles to determine speed from bicyclist power output. The method is extended to the problem of speed estimation for bicycles with limited gearing. Results are consistent with speed surveys in the literature. Application of the method to clearance interval calculation demonstrates the importance of context‐sensitive bicycle speed estimation for advanced traffic signal systems.
Product Selectivity in KAHA Ligations: Ester vs. Amide Formation with Cyclic Hydroxylamines
Authors: Bode Jeffrey , Rohrbacher Florian , Baldauf Simon , Wucherpfennig Thomas
Published: July 2017

Cyclic hydroxylamines form esters instead of the expected amides as major product upon reaction with α-ketoacids. In this report, we document a systematic investigation into the effect of the hydroxylamine structure and the solvent mixture on the product ratio of amides vs. ester in the KAHA ligation. We show that the ratio is almost exclusively determined by the structure of the hydroxylamine, with only minor contributions from the reaction solvent or the structure of the α-ketoacid.
(HMe2SiCH2)2: A Useful Reagent for B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed Reduction–Lactonization of Keto Acids: Concise Syntheses of (–)-cis-Whisky and (–)-cis-Cognac Lactones
Authors: Song Zhenlei , Xie Hengmu , Lu Ji , Gui Yingying , Gao Lu
Published: July 2017

(HMe2SiCH2)2 has been utilized as a useful reagent for B(C6F5)3-catalyzed reduction–lactonization of keto acids to synthesize γ- and δ-lactones. The process led concisely to (–)-cis-whisky and (–)-cis-cognac lactones in respective overall yields of 32% and 36%.
Triazolylidene Ligands Allow Cobalt-Catalyzed C–H/C–O Alkenyl­ations at Ambient Temperature
Authors: Sauermann Nicolas , Loup Joachim , Kootz Darius , Yatham V. , Berkessel Albrecht , Ackermann Lutz
Published: July 2017

Direct alkenylation through C–H/C–O cleavage was accomplished under mild reaction conditions by cobalt catalysts derived from novel triazolylidene ligands. The most effective ligand is characterized by sterically demanding substituents on the 1,4-N-atoms of the triazolylidene neighboring the carbene center. The C–H alkenylations proved viable with alkenyl acetates, carbamates, carbonates and phosphates. For acyclic electrophiles, diastereoconvergent C–O functionalizations were observed.
Posttraumatic Aneurysm of a Patent Umbilical Vein: Diagnosis and Specific Treatment
Authors: Grade Matthias , Krishnabhakdi Siegfried , Vestring Thomas , Löbermann Micha , Arnold Joachim
Published: July 2017

A patent umbilical vein is a rare condition in healthy volunteers, but can be detected in up to 11% of patients with liver cirrhosis as a consequence of portal hypertension.

We report the case of a 52-year-old woman who was admitted to our department with acute abdominal pain after blunt trauma to her forehead and abdomen. She had a history of alcohol abuse with liver cirrhosis that had been classified as Child–Pugh stage C 5 years earlier. Signs of portosystemic shunting had been present at an earlier endoscopy, and esophageal varices were found.

Clinical examination revealed typical signs of liver cirrhosis, and ultrasound examination showed an aneurysm of 6 cm of the umbilical vein, which had not been present at earlier examinations. After lowering portal hypertension by inserting a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt, an open surgical resection of the aneurysmal umbilical vein was performed without complications. The patient recovered well and was discharged from the hospital 10 days later.

We hypothesize that the abdominal trauma prompted or aggravated umbilical vein aneurysm in this patient with liver cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Due to the risk of rupture, a surgery-based resection is a valuable treatment option.
Lesions Mimicking Small Vestibular Schwannomas
Authors: Hagen Rudolf , Ehrmann-Müller Desiree , Bison Brigitte , Günthner-Lengsfeld Thomas , Monoranu Camelia-Maria , Völker Hans-Ullrich , Scheich Matthias
Published: July 2017

Objective Most tumors of the internal auditory canal and cerebellopontine angle (CPA) are vestibular schwannomas (VSs). Preoperative diagnosis is based on typical clinical symptoms and radiological findings. In rare cases, histopathology can, however, show different results.

Design This is a retrospective chart and database review.

Setting The study was conducted at a tertiary skull base referral center at a university hospital.

Participants A total of 207 consecutive cases of VS surgery via the middle cranial fossa approach performed between December 2005 and January 2015 were reviewed.

Main Outcome Measures The main outcome measures were definitive histologic findings in 198 specimens, analysis of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography.

Results Histopathology revealed three meningiomas and two cases of lipochoristomas. Clinical presentation was typical for VS in all five cases. In preoperative MRI, all tumors were suspected to be VSs. Retrospective analysis of the preoperative imaging did not lead to a modification of the diagnosis. Intraoperative findings showed increased adherence of the tumor to the adjacent tissue in two of the five cases.

Conclusion CPA lesions other than VSs are unusual but have to be taken into account. In very small tumors, imaging still remains difficult.
Visual Outcomes after Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery in Patients Presenting with Preoperative Visual Deficits
Authors: Fredes Felipe , Undurraga Gabriel , Rojas Pablo , Constanzo Felipe , Lazcano Carolina , Pinto Jaime , Schmidt Thomas
Published: July 2017

Introduction Pituitary adenomas represent 15% of primary brain tumors. Visual disturbance is a common clinical manifestation of these neoplasms due, among other factors, to local mass effect on the optic system.

Objective To evaluate changes of the visual fields in patients undergoing endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for pituitary adenomas and to find predictive factors for successful visual field outcome.

Material and Methods This is a cross-sectional study. A review was conducted of medical records of consecutive patients with tumors of the sellar region undergoing EEA between January 2008 and December 2012 at the Skull Base Unit of Guillermo Grant Benavente Hospital, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile, and who had undergone pre- and postoperative visual field evaluation.

Results A total of 35 patients, with a mean age of 50.2 years, fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All patients had objective visual field disturbances before the surgery. Following surgery, 25 patients (71.4%) had favorable outcomes, whereas 8 (22.8%) had no change and 2 (5.8%) had an unfavorable outcome. Complete tumor removal was associated with a better visual outcome than those obtained after a subtotal removal.

Discussion The EEA for pituitary tumors is particularly effective for visual field disturbances, with reported improvement rates ranging from 50 to 90%. Our series show similar results, with a 71.4% improvement of visual field disturbances.

Conclusion This study adds further evidence to the current belief that EEA for pituitary adenomas is a safe and effective technique to improve visual field alterations. Complete removal of the tumor during surgery seems to be a predictive factor for a good visual outcome.
Early Clinical Experiences with Positron Emission Tomography–Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Epilepsy: Implications for Modeling the Neurovascular Unit
Authors: Bhatt Alok , Brucker Justin
Published: July 2017

Cortical function in normal and pathologic neurologic states is largely influenced by the activity of the neurovascular unit. Hybrid technologies that combine positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging (PET/MRI) offer a chance for simultaneous noninvasive evaluation of cortical glucose consumption, blood flow, and cerebrovascular reactivity. We present differing PET/MRI results for two pediatric patients undergoing evaluation for medically refractory seizures, interpreted in the context of neurovascular unit behavior, suggesting the presence of ultrastructural changes at the level of the blood brain barrier in various epilepsy disorders.
Infections of the Spine and Spinal Cord in Children
Authors: Kara Simay , Choudhary Gagandeep , Udayasankar Unni
Published: July 2017

Infection of the spine and spinal cord are uncommon in children which if not diagnosed and treated early in the course of disease can lead to spinal instability and devastating neurological outcome. The spectrum of spinal infection ranges from discitis/osteomyelitis, spinal epidural abscess, subdural abscess, spinal meningitis, arachnoiditis, neuritis, myelitis, and intramedullary abscess. Inability of the children to express themselves and nonspecific clinical features like abdominal pain, walking/crawling difficulty, and fever can result in difficult and delayed diagnosis. Imaging plays a critical role in diagnosis of spinal infection; its complication and treatment follow-up. Magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium contrast is considered as the imaging modality of choice for evaluation of spinal and cord infections. Infectious mimics like chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis, pars articular defect with active inflammatory changes, spondyloarthritis, Guillain-Barre syndrome, transverse myelitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, and multiple sclerosis can pose diagnostic challenge on imaging. The aim of this article is to briefly review the imaging appearances of infection involving various spinal compartments, pattern of infection spread, its complications and various mimics.
Efficacy and Safety of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Across the Spectrum of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Leiter Lawrence , Nauck Michael
Published: July 2017

For patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) generally exert robust glucose-lowering effects that are at least as effective as insulin. As monotherapies, changes from baseline in HbA1c with GLP-1RAs ranged from –1.9 to –0.7% in phase 3 trials. In addition, GLP-1RAs confer a low risk of hypoglycaemia and have a body-weight advantage (changes from baseline ranging from –4.0 to –0.4 kg). There is also evidence of significant reductions in risk for cardiovascular events with some of these agents, with a number of other trials underway. Gastrointestinal adverse events typically increase with GLP-1RAs, although these are generally mild to moderate in intensity and rarely require treatment discontinuation. The GLP-1RAs that are commercially available or in development vary in structure and pharmacokinetics. These differences affect the frequency of administration and can also affect their relative efficacy and safety. This review summarizes the findings of phase 3 glycaemic control trials of available GLP-1RAs and considers them in the context of the distinct clinical needs of individual patients.
Die physiotherapeutische Bewegungsdiagnose
Authors: Danler Andreas
Published: July 2017

Physiotherapeuten eignen sich mehr als jede andere Berufsgruppe dazu, das
Bewegungsverhalten einer Person bzw. das menschliche Bewegungssystem als Ganzes
zu analysieren und zu beurteilen. Die von ärztlicher Seite gestellte
pathoanatomische Diagnose sowie ein pathoanatomisches Denkmodell sind für das
physiotherapeutische Handeln unzureichend. Eine auf Bewegungsstörungen
basierende Diagnose scheint dahingehend weitaus hilfreicher und eher in der
Lage, das physiotherapeutische Handeln zu leiten. Mittels einer Klassifikation
gemäß Movement-System-Impairment kann die Bewegungsbeeinträchtigung der
Patienten näher beschrieben werden. Darüber hinaus bietet das Verfahren einer
Symptommodifikation die Möglichkeit, die physiotherapeutische Bewegungsdiagnose
zu überprüfen und eine adäquate Therapie der Bewegungsstörung einzuleiten. Durch
eine physiotherapeutische Bewegungsdiagnose rückt das Bewegungssystem an die
erste Stelle, was zu 100 % mit der Profession der Physiotherapie
übereinstimmt.
In vitro Controlled Release of two new Tuberculocidal Adamantane Aminoethers from Solid Pharmaceutical Formulations (II)
Authors: Vlachou Marilena , Siamidi Angeliki , Spaneas Dimitrios , Lentzos Dimitrios , Ladia Polixeni , Anastasiou Konstantina , Papanastasiou Ioannis , Foscolos Angeliki-Sofia , Georgiadis Markos-Orestis , Karalis Vangelis , Kellici Tahsin , Mavromoustakos Thomas
Published: July 2017

The aim of the present investigation was to develop matrix tablet formulations for the in vitro controlled release of two new tuberculocidal adamantane aminoethers (compounds III and IV), congeneric to the adamantane derivative SQ109, which is in final clinical trials, and aminoethers (I) and (II), using carefully selected excipients, such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, sodium alginate and lactose. The tablets were prepared using the direct compression method and dissolution experiments were conducted using the US Pharmacopoeia type II apparatus (paddle method) in gastric and intestinal fluids. The results suggest that both analogues, albeit more lipophilic than SQ109, and aminoethers (I) and (II), have the requisite in vitro release characteristics for oral administration. In conclusion, these formulations merit further assessment by conducting in vivo studies, at a later stage.
Modulated grayscale UV pattern for uniform photopolymerization based on a digital micromirror device system
Authors: Yoon Jinsik , Kim Kibeom , Park Wook
Published: July 2017

We present an essential method for generating microparticles uniformly in a single ultraviolet (UV) light exposure area for optofluidic maskless lithography. In the optofluidic maskless lithography process, the productivity of monodisperse microparticles depends on the size of the UV exposure area. An effective fabrication area is determined by the size of the UV intensity profile map, satisfying the required uniformity of UV intensity. To increase the productivity of monodisperse microparticles in optofluidic maskless lithography, we expanded the effective UV exposure area by modulating the intensity of the desired UV light pattern based on the premeasured UV intensity profile map. We verified the improvement of the uniformity of the microparticles generated by the proposed modulation technique, providing histogram analyses of the conjugated fluorescent intensities and the sizes of the microparticles. Additionally, we demonstrated the generation of DNA uniformly encapsulated in microparticles.
Singlet fission in chiral carbon nanotubes: Density functional theory based computation
Authors: Kryjevski Andrei , Mihaylov Deyan , Gifford Brendan , Kilin Dmitri
Published: July 2017

Singlet fission (SF) process, where a singlet exciton decays into a pair of spin one exciton states which are in the total spin singlet state, is one of the possible channels for multiple exciton generation (MEG). In chiral single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), efficient SF is present within the solar spectrum energy range which is shown by the many-body perturbation theory calculations based on the density functional theory simulations. We calculate SF exciton-to-biexciton decay rates R1→2 and biexciton-to-exciton rates R2→1 in the (6,2), (6,5), (10,5) SWCNTs, and in the (6,2) SWCNT functionalized with Cl atoms. Within the solar energy range, we predict R1→2∼1014–1015 s−1, while biexciton-to-exciton recombination is weak with R2→1∕R1→2≤10−2. SF MEG strength in pristine SWCNTs varies strongly with the excitation energy, which is due to highly non-uniform density of states at low energy. However, our results for the (6,2) SWCNT with chlorine atoms adsorbed to the surface suggest that MEG in the chiral SWCNTs can be enhanced by altering the low-energy electronic states via surface functionalization.
Operando hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of the Pt/Ru/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 interface
Authors: Gueye Ibrahima , Le Rhun Gwenael , Renault Olivier , Cooper David , Ceolin Denis , Rueff Jean-Pascal , Barrett Nicholas
Published: July 2017

We have used hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to probe the Pt/Ru/PbZr0.52Ti0.48O3 (PZT) interface in a Pt/Ru/PZT(220 nm)/Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si stack. A customized sample-holder allows in-situ photoemission analysis while applying bias to the capacitor. Hard X-rays probe the buried interface between the top electrode and the ferroelectric PZT. The use of operando conditions reveals a polarization-dependent electronic response, most probably due to imperfect screening of the depolarizing field. There is evidence for an additional core level component related to the electrode-PZT interface. Zr oxide nanostructures at the surface of the sol-gel layer may form a ferroelectric dead layer at the interface, affecting device performance.
Theoretical study of resonance formation in microhydrated molecules. I. Pyridine-(H2O)n, n = 1,2,3,5
Authors: Sieradzka Agnieszka , Gorfinkiel Jimena D.
Published: July 2017

We present R-matrix calculations for electron scattering from microhydrated pyridine. We studied the pyridine-H2O cluster at static-exchange (SE), SE + polarization, and close-coupling levels, and pyridine-(H2O)n n = 2, 3, and 5 at SE level only in order to investigate the effect of hydrogen bonding on the resonances of pyridine. We analyse the results in terms of direct and indirect effects. We observe that the total (direct plus indirect) effect of microhydration leads to the stabilization of all resonances studied, both shape and core-excited. The size of the shift is different for different resonances and seems to be linked to the dipole moment of the cluster.
A comprehensive evaluation of factors that influence the spin polarization of electrons emitted from bulk GaAs photocathodes
Authors: Liu Wei , Poelker Matt , Peng Xincun , Zhang Shukui , Stutzman Marcy
Published: July 2017

The degree of polarization of photoemitted electrons extracted from bulk unstrained GaAs photocathodes is usually considerably less than the theoretical maximum value of 50%, as a result of depolarization mechanisms that originate within the photocathode material and at the vacuum surface interface. This paper provides a comprehensive review of depolarization mechanisms and presents a systematic experimental evaluation of polarization sensitivities to temperature, dopant density, quantum efficiency, and crystal orientation. The highest measured polarization was ∼50%, consistent with the maximum theoretical value, obtained from a photocathode sample with relatively low dopant concentration and cooled to 77 K. In general, measurements indicate electron spin polarization can be enhanced at the expense of photoelectron yield (or quantum efficiency).
Studies on dielectric, optical, magnetic, magnetic domain structure, and resistance switching characteristics of highly c-axis oriented NZFO thin films
Authors: Pradhan Dhiren K. , Kumari Shalini , Li Linglong , Vasudevan Rama K. , Das Proloy T. , Puli Venkata S. , Pradhan Dillip K. , Kumar Ashok , Misra Pankaj , Pradhan A. K. , Kalinin Sergei V. , Katiyar Ram S.
Published: July 2017

With the rapid development of new device miniaturization technology, there is invigorated interest in magnetic nanostructures for potential application in novel multifunctional devices. In continuation to our search for a suitable magnetic material having Curie temperature (Tc) well above room temperature for multifunctional applications, we have studied the dielectric, optical, magnetic, and resistance switching characteristics of Ni0.65Zn0.35Fe2O4 (NZFO) thin films. The observation of only (004) reflection in the X-ray diffraction patterns confirms the c-axis orientation and high quality growth of NZFO thin films. The presence of mixed valences of Fe2+/Fe3+ cations is probed by X-ray photon spectroscopy, which supports the cationic ordering-mediated large dielectric response. Our investigations reveal NZFO to be an indirect band gap material (∼1.8 eV) with a direct gap at ∼2.55 eV. These nanostructures exhibit high saturation magnetization and a low coercive field with a ferrimagnetic–paramagnetic phase transition of ∼713 K. Magnetic force microscopy studies revealed the stripe-like domain structure of the investigated thin films. In addition, these thin films exhibit reliable and repeatable unipolar resistive switching characteristics. The observed high dielectric permittivity with low loss tangent, large magnetization with soft magnetic behavior, striped magnetic domain structure and reliable resistance switching in NZFO thin films above room temperature suggest potential application in memory, spintronics, and multifunctional devices.
Three-dimensional atomic-scale investigation of ZnO-MgxZn1−xO m-plane heterostructures
Authors: Di Russo E. , Mancini L. , Moyon F. , Moldovan S. , Houard J. , Julien F. H. , Tchernycheva M. , Chauveau J. M. , Hugues M. , Da Costa G. , Blum I. , Lefebvre W. , Blavette D. , Rigutti L.
Published: July 2017

The structural, compositional, and optical properties of ZnO/MgxZn1−xO m-plane heterostructures are investigated using scanning transmission electron microscopy, laser-assisted atom probe tomography, and micro-photoluminescence. Coupled with electron tomography, atom probe tomography is currently the only technique providing a 3D reconstruction of the position of the atoms of a nanoscale specimen with their chemical nature. The multi-quantum well system investigated exhibits a V-groove grating profile along the a-axis accompanied by the formation of Zn- and Mg-enriched regions corresponding to the edges pointing towards the substrate and towards the upper surface, respectively. The optical signature of these heterostructures has been investigated by performing micro-photoluminescence on atom probe tip specimens. Effective mass calculations based on the 3D microscopy data indicate that the quantum well geometry and barrier composition yield a localization of hole states at the bottom of the V-groove.