bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisioning: African-American Women and Nonprofit Leadership
Authors: Branche Donovan , Ford Karen
Published: April 2021

African-American women represent an untapped resource and bring with them transformational characteristics and resilience that are vital to the increasingly complex world of nonprofit leadership. This sector will lose 75% of its leaders soon with the retirement of baby boomers. It is crucial that nonprofits consider the next chapter in leadership. This paper is based on a mixed-methods study of the leadership styles and resilience of African-American women leaders in nonprofit organizations. Including these women in the leadership pool makes sense to the future and continuing success of nonprofit organizations.
Istota i znaczenie odwróconej hipoteki w obliczu starzenia się społeczeństwa polskiego
Authors: Paduszyńska Marta , Zbyszewski Szymon
Published: April 2021

Przeobrażenia demograficzne wymuszają na starzejącym się społeczeństwie polskim poszukiwania alternatywnych sposobów oszczędzania na starość. W artykule wykazano problem wyzwań społeczno-ekonomicznych posiłkując się przykładem odwróconej hipoteki jako uzupełnienia świadczeń emerytalnych.
Dodatek kwartalny
Authors: Zimny Artur , Hajdys Dagmara , Uryszek Tomasz
Published: April 2021

"Koniunktura na rynku Venture Capital / Private Equity"
"Formalno-prawne aspekty implikacji partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego w Polsce (cz. II)"
"Struktura podmiotowa zadłużenia Skarbu Państwa z tytułu skarbowych papierów wartościowych emitowanych na krajowy rynek w I kwartale 2016 r."
Reliability and Validity of a Further Tested Appreciative Management Scale
Authors: Harmoinen Merja , Niiranen Vuokko , Munnukka Juha , Suominen Tarja
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose

Managers need evidence-based methods to evaluate their management skills. To further test the appreciative management scale (AMS 1.0) to create a practical instrument to be used in evaluating appreciative management.

Methods

For further testing, a new survey was conducted among social and healthcare managers (n = 734) in Finland. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to assess the scale validity and Cronbach's alpha coefficients the internal consistency.

Results

The validated AMS 2.0 scale includes 24 items. The values measuring validity and reliability were good, with an Rool Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) of 0.072, Average Variance Extracted (AVE) values between 0.532 and 0.634, and Composite Reliability (CR) values ranging between 0.850 and 0.914. The Cronbach's alpha of the whole scale was 0.944.

Conclusions

AMS 2.0 is a reliable and valid means to measure appreciative management as proved by confirmatory factor analysis.
“Would You Rather Jump Out of a Perfectly Good Airplane or Develop Cardiovascular Disease?” Validity and Reliability of the Cardiovascular Risk Perception Survey Among Military Personnel
Authors: Prue-Owens Kathy , Graham Helen , Ramesh Mythreyi
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death in the United States. The military are viewed as fit, ready to fight and that jumping out of perfectly good airplane or going to war is a greater risk than CVD. The purpose of this study was to determine reliability and validity of the Cardiovascular Risk Perception Survey (CRPS).

Methods

A cross-sectional descriptive design was performed, supported by the Health Belief Model. Internal consistency reliability (Cronbach's alpha) and validity (principal component analysis) were examined.

Results

Fifty-five participants were included in this study. Construct validity of the CRPS was supported by principal component analysis; indicating one scale that measured cardiovascular risk perception. The Cronbach's alpha is reported .865.

Conclusion

Initial psychometric testing of the CRPS provides evidence for construct validity and internal consistency reliability.
Assessing the development of second language syntax in Content and Language Integrated Learning
Authors: Gutiérrez Ortiz Mar
Published: April 2021

Este estudio examinó la efectividad del Aprendizaje Integrado de Contenidos y Lenguas Extranjeras (AICLE) respecto al dominio del inglés y la incorporación de su sintaxis en un grupo de estudiantes andaluces. Alumnos de instituto (n = 22) matriculados en clases AICLE y clases no-AICLE del mismo centro educativo (I.E.S. Mariana Pineda) realizaron un examen de inglés adaptado de la Prueba de Evaluación de Bachillerato para el Acceso a la Universidad. Se evaluó el grado de desarrollo de la sintaxis del inglés en los alumnos empleando una prueba de Imitación Elicitada (EI) en conjunción con un diseño experimental basado en las propiedades sintácticas del inglés. Se incluyeron como covariables en el análisis el nivel académico y socioeconómico previos a la intervención, así como el sexo del alumnado. Los alumnos AICLE obtuvieron mejores resultados que los no-AICLE en la prueba sintáctica (p = 0.002) y en el examen de inglés (p < 0.001). Los resultados evidenciaron una correlación significativa positiva entre la puntuación obtenida en el examen inglés y en la prueba EI para el grupo AICLE (p < 0.01), pero no para el no-AICLE (p = 0.39). Estos resultados proponen una metodología para evaluar la sintaxis inglesa de los estudiantes CLIL.
Dependencia emocional en padres jóvenes de una institución educativa privada de Lima Norte
Authors:   , Pianto Farfán Brissette Briguitte
Published: April 2021

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar los niveles de dependencia emocional en padres jóvenes de Lima Norte. La muestra estuvo conformada por 123 participantes entre varones y mujeres comprendidos entre los 21 a 30 años de edad. Se empleó como instrumento de evaluación el Cuestionario de Dependencia Emocional de Lemos y Londoño. Los resultados indicaron que el 45.5% de los participantes se ubica en el nivel medio de dependencia emocional. Se concluyó que la búsqueda de atención, modificación de planes y miedo a la soledad son las dimensiones con los niveles más altos que tienen los padres jóvenes de instituciones educativas privadas de Lima Norte.
Service und qualität Chance oder Schlagwort (Eine kritische Auseinandersetzung mit Hardware - orientierte Strategie)
Authors: Hermann Daniel
Published: April 2021

Die Strategien in der Tourismuswirtschaft sind immer noch primär hardwareorientiert. Dies bedeutet eine starke, oft überproportionale Hinwendung zu Investitionen im Anlagen-/Ausstattungsbereich, die von manchen Gästen nicht oder nur mit Einschränkung in Anspruch genommen werden. Die Rede ist nicht von notwendigen Investitionen, sondern von jenen, die über die Standardausstattung hinausgehen. Derartige Investitionen in die Infrastruktur sind grundsätzlich leicht entscheidbar und bei entsprechenden Mitteln auch realisierbarer. Sie haben vor allem den Nachteil, sie sind durch alle anderen Konkurrenten leicht kopierbar. Sie sind auch zumeist nur über die Umwegrentabilität finanzierbar, da sie keine direkten Einnahmen zur Folge haben.
Jadranski i kontinentalni turizam u turističkoj ponudi Republike Hrvatske
Authors: Vizjak Ana
Published: April 2021

Hrvatska raspolaže jednom od najljepših i najrazvedenijih morskih obala na Mediteranu i u Europi. Oplakuje je toplo Jadransko more koje se najdublje usjeklo u europsko kopno, približivši se Srednjoj Europi. Iz njega se uzdiže blizu tisuću i dvije stotine otoka, otočića i sličnih tvorevina prirode. Brojni otoci i dobar dio kopnenog priobalja obrasli su zanimljivim raslinstvom koje pripada tipičnoj mediteranskoj klimi s mnogo sunčanih dana u godini. Jadran je povezan prirodnim kopnenim koridorima prema unutrašnjosti, kojima prolaze ceste i željeznice prema zemljama Srednje Europe i Podunavlja spajajući lijepe krajolike i gradove, prolazeći uz planinske nizove, šume, jezera, rijeke, među kojima su nadaleko poznata "Plitvička jezera", biser unutrašnjosti Hrvatske. Hrvatska ima sve bitne pretpostavke da i dalje razvija turizam kao integralni i funkcionalni dio ukupnog hrvatskog gospodarstva. U tom sklopu posebno mjesto pripada ne samo jadranskim, nego i kontinentalnim turističko-gospodarskim prostorima. U ovom se članku promišlja i ukazuje na neke prirodne, kulturno-povijesne, gospodarske, tehničke i druge vrijednosti relevantne za razvoj jadranskog i kontinentalnog turizma u njihovoj međusobnoj djelatnoj povezanosti i u funkciji razvoja nacionalnog gospodarstva Republike Hrvatske. Upozorava se na načine gospodarske uporabe prirodnih i drugih resursa. Pruža se također nekoliko ideja za poboljšanje kvalitete hrvatske turističke ponude na domaćem i međunarodnom turističkom tržištu, te za uspostavljanje određene ravnoteže jadranskog i kontinentalnog turizma u Republici Hrvatskoj i većeg ukupnog učinka u nacionalnom gospodarstvu.
Event-Based and LHV Simulation of an EPR-B Experiment: EPR-Simple and EPR-Clocked
Authors: Gill Richard
Published: April 2021

In this note, I analyze the data generated by M. Fodje's (2013) simulation programs "epr-simple" and "epr-clocked". They were written in Python and published on Github. Inspection of the program descriptions shows that they make use of the detection-loophole and the coincidence-loophole respectively. I evaluate them with appropriate modified Bell-CHSH type inequalities: the Larsson detection-loophole adjusted CHSH, and the Larsson-Gill coincidence-loophole adjusted CHSH (NB: its correctness is conjecture, we do not have proof). The experimental efficiencies turn out to be approximately eta = 81% (close to optimal) and gamma = 55% (far from optimal). The observed values of CHSH are, as they should be, within the appropriately adjusted bounds. Fodjes' detection-loophole model turns out to be very, very close to Pearle's famous 1970 model, so the efficiency is close to optimal. The model has the same defect as Pearle's: the joint detection rates exhibit signaling. Fodje's coincidence-loophole model is actually a clever modification of his detection-loophole model. Because of this, however, it cannot lead to optimal efficiency.
Socio-cultural Approach in Developing the Quality of Clinical Education in the Millennium Era: A Literature Review (New Paradigm)
Authors: Lisnadiyanti Lisnadiyanti , Pandin Moses Glorino Rumambo
Published: April 2021

Clinical education is a method that is applied to formal nurse education as a step to provide real and direct learning experiences in the nursing environment correctly and effectively. The success of education in a clinical setting certainly requires the support of teaching nurses (clinical instructors) who have credibility and competence in terms of knowledge, attitudes and skills and are actively involved in professional activities. The diversity of backgrounds of nurses and students, including patients, certainly contributes to a shift in paradigms and perspectives for the nursing environment both in education and in clinical settings in health services. Responding to this cultural diversity, it is important to prepare knowledge and understanding related to transcultural nursing issues, intercultural communication and clinical education which explores the socio-cultural elements in the implementation of staff, students and patients. Purpose: The purpose of this literature review is to identify the extent to which nurse educators play a role by including socio-cultural and transcultural aspects in efforts to develop the quality of education in clinical practice environments in the millennium era. Method: The method of writing this article uses 11 literature review, the publication year period 2019,2020 and 2021 with sources from 4 databases such as science Direct, Scopus, ProQues and Elsevier. The review guidelines used are based on Prisma and the Joanna Briggs Institutute. The level of eligibility is identified through the title, abstract, research methodology as well as the type of scholarly journal and full text. Results: The results of the reviews found are presented in a narrative form. The results of the review study found that there were 11 articles explaining the competence of clinical education based on the socio-cultural approach, which is an educational strategy in the clinical area that integrates transcultural elements of nursing, intercultural communication, collaboration, self-directed with the principles of openness, honesty, and mutual respect in the implementation of team interaction and collaboration. The development of interpersonal relationships is also an important role that educators must have in helping to introduce the nurse orientation process to the organizational environment and other professional teams so that the achievement of satisfaction with clinical education is able to improve the performance of nurses and students perfectly. Conclusion: Clinical education which is supported by the competence of nurse educators (clinical instructors) who have individual and professional competences has a role to play in improving clinical learning outcomes by both students and nurses with a socio-cultural and transcultural strategic approach that will create satisfaction with the achievement of clinical competence and performance effectively.
Complementary and Alternative Therapy for Pain and Anxiety in Cardiovascular Disease: A Literature Review
Authors: Sri Wahyuningsih Indah , Glorino Rumambo Pandin Moses
Published: April 2021

Cardiovascular disease is the first leading cause of death in the world. Patients with cardiovascular disease may experience various problems, including physiological and psychological problems. Apart from pharmacological therapy, complementary therapy is necessary as a support to conventional medicine. This review aims to describe complementary and alternative therapies for pain and anxiety in patients with cardiovascular disease. This review utilized data from ProQuest, ScienceDirect, and PubMed with search keywords of "Complementary" AND "Nursing" AND "Pain" AND "Anxiety" AND "Coronary artery disease". Ten articles that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed. The results show that nursing actions increasingly develop along with the patient needs. One form of holistic nursing action is complementary and alternative therapy (CAT) that consists of three categories: body-based methods, mind therapies, and sensory therapies. CAT has positive impacts on patients with heart disease. It can reduce anxiety and pain, lower blood pressure, and improve the quality of life. This review also shows that CAT has a positive impact on the recovery of patients with heart disease. Proper therapeutic management should be implemented to reduce the risks of physiological and psychological problems in patients.
Rethinking Digital Literacy Competencies of Indonesian Nursing Student in IR 4.0: Philosophical Context
Authors: Aspihan Moch , Pandin Moses GR , Kusnanto Kusnanto
Published: April 2021

Background: Industry revolution 4.0 (IR.4.0) paradigm, nurses were required to have adequate competencies to carry out their professional duties. Digital information should be mastered by the nursing student. Purpose: This study aims to explain digital literacy competencies on nursing students in the era of IR 4.0 in the Indonesian context. Methode: A literature review was conducted in this study using Rayyan Systematic Reviews Software. Results: There was 14 literature analyzed describing Student’s Information literacy competency and Internet of Thing. Conclusion: Digital literacy for nursing students today is an inevitability, and nursing students who have digital literacy competencies have the potential to be able to increase nursing knowledge and skills as ontological competencies in their learning process.
Effect of Early Mobilization on Hip and Lower Extremity Postoperative: A Literature Review
Authors: Aprisunadi Aprisunadi , Glorino Rumambo Pandin Moses
Published: April 2021

Background: The incidence of fracture and surgery of the hip and lower extremities is still high. Long postoperative bed rest has the potential to increase the incidence of various complications that may increase the morbidity and mortality rate of patients after hip and lower extremities surgery. Aim: This literature review aimed to identify the effects of early mobilization in hip and lower extremity postoperative. Method: Search for articles on several databases such as ProQuest, ScienceDirect, CINAHL, Medline, Wiley Online and Scopus, using the Boolean operator by combining several keywords according to the literature review topic, with inclusion criteria are published in the last 3 years (2019-2021), used a quantitative design, written in English and full text articles. A total of 435 articles were obtained, then screened and reviewed, so that there were 16 (sixteen) eligible articles.Result: There were 11 (eleven) effects of early mobilization, i.e. reducing length of stay, reducing the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT), reducing pulmonary infections (pneumonia), reducing urinary tract infections, reducing the risk of wound infection, improving extremity function and ability to walk, reducing postoperative pain, reducing the risk of pressure sores, reducing postoperative delirium, reducing readmission and lowering hospitalization costs. Conclusion: This literature review showed that early mobilization is safe and effective in postoperative patients to reduce the risk of complications and adverse events. Nurses and health workers who care for patients could implement early mobilization and motivate patients to be cooperative in undergoing early mobilization.
Maternal Distress and Social Support are Linked to Human Milk Immune Properties
Authors: Ziomkiewicz Anna , Apanasewicz Anna , Danel Dariusz P , Babiszewska Magdalena , Piosek Magdalena , Orczyk-Pawiłowicz Magdalena
Published: April 2021

Possible alterations of maternal immune function due to psychological stress may reflect immunoactive factor levels in breast milk. This study aimed to assess the association between maternal distress and breast milk levels of secretory IgA (SIgA), IgM, IgG, and lactoferrin (LF). We hypothesized this association is moderated by maternal social support achieved from others during lactation. The study group included 103 lactating mothers and their healthy 5-months-old infants. Maternal distress was determined based on the State Anxiety Inventory and the level of salivary cortisol. Social support was assessed using Berlin Social Support Scales. Breast milk samples were collected to test for SIgA, IgM, IgG, and LF using the ELISA method. Milk immunoactive factors were regressed against maternal anxiety, social support, salivary cortisol, and infant gestational age using the general regression model. Maternal anxiety was negatively associated with milk levels of LF (β=-0.22, p<0.05) and SIgA (β=-0.29, p<0.01), while social support was positively associated with milk IgG (β=0.25, p<0.05). Neither anxiety nor social support was related to milk IgM. No association was found between the level of maternal salivary cortisol and immunoactive factors in milk. Our results suggest that maternal psychological well-being and social support may affect milk immune properties.
Salivary Biomarkers in COVID-19 Patients: The Rabbit out of the Hat!
Authors: Napodano Cecilia , Callà Cinzia , Fiorita Antonella , Marino Mariapaola , Taddei Eleonora , Di Cesare Tiziana , Passali Giulio Cesare , Disanto Riccardo , Stefanile Annunziata , Fantoni Massimo , Urbani Andrea , Paludetti Gaetano , Rapaccini Gian Ludovico , Ciasca Gabriele , Basile Umberto
Published: April 2021

Background: The ongoing outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) represents a major threat to human health, which impairs the functionality of several organs. One of the hardest challenges in the fight against COVID-19 is the development of wide-scale, effective, and rapid laboratory tests to control disease severity, progression, and possible sudden worsening. Monitoring patients in real-time is indeed highly demanded in this pandemic era when physicians need reliable and quantitative tools to prioritize patients’ access to intensive care departments. In this regard, salivary biomarkers are extremely promising, as they allow for a fast and non-invasive specimens’ collection, which can be repeated multiple times. Methods: We compare salivary levels of immunoglobulin A subclasses (IgA1 and IgA2) and free-light chains (FLC k and λ) in a cohort of 29 SARS-CoV-2 patients and 21 healthy subjects. Results: We found that each biomarkers differs significantly between the two groups, with p-values ranging from 10-8 to 10-4. The performance ranking of these markers, shows that λFLC level (p=1.4e-8) is the best-suited candidate to discriminate the two groups, with an accuracy of 0.94 (0.87-1.00 95% CI), a precision of 0.91 (0.81-1.00 95% CI), a sensitivity of 1.00 (0.96-1.00 95% CI) and a specificity of 0.86 (0.70-1.00 95% CI). Conclusion: These results suggest λFLC as an ideal indicator of patient conditions. This is more strengthened in consideration that λFLC half-life (approximately 6 hours) is significantly shorter than the IgA one (21 days): thus λFLC appears displaying the potential to effectively monitor patients fluctuation in real-time.
Can Deep Learning Extract Useful Information about Energy Dissipation and Effective Hydraulic Conductivity from Gridded Conductivity Fields?
Authors: Abdolhosseini Moghaddam Mohammad , Ferré Ty Paul Andrew , Klakovich Jeffrey , Gupta Hoshin Vijay , Ehsani Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2021

We confirm that energy dissipation weighting provides the most accurate approach to determining the effective hydraulic conductivity (Keff) of a binary K grid. A deep learning algorithm (UNET) can infer Keff with extremely high accuracy (R2 > 0.99). The UNET architecture could be trained to infer the energy dissipation weighting pattern from an image of the K distribution with high fidelity, although it was less accurate for cases with highly localized structures that controlled flow. Furthermore, the UNET architecture learned to infer the energy dissipation weighting even if it was not trained on this information directly. However, the weights were represented within the UNET in a way that was not immediately interpretable by a human user. This reiterates the idea that even if ML/DL algorithms are trained to make some hydrologic predictions accurately, they must be designed and trained to provide each user-required output if their results are to be used to improve our understanding of hydrologic systems most effectively.
The Function Design for the Communication-based Train Control (CBTC) System: How to Solve the Problems in the Underground Mine Rail Transportation?
Authors: Yu Haoxuan , Li Shuai
Published: April 2021

With the continuous development of the mining industry, the world's major mines have gradually entered the intelligent stage. In the intelligent underground mine, the operation road of the underground transportation equipment is very complicated, and the monitoring and control of the underground traffic has become a problem to be solved in the intelligent underground mine. Therefore, on the basis of solving the practical problems of underground mines, the concept paper discusses the possibility of the rail transit monitoring system being applied to underground mines through the summary and induction of the related literature and propose the design for the CBTC system to solve the problems in the underground mine rail transportation. As the mining engineers, we put forward the concept of this design for the CBTC system in this concept paper, but we need to continue to work hard for the future development of the underground mines. And the concept paper serves as a guide to the Tossing out a brick to get a jade gem, has implications for the development and the future of the underground mine transportation.
Incorporating Stakeholder Knowledge Into a Complex Stock Assessment Model, the Case of Eel Recruitment
Authors: Drouineau Hilaire , Marie Vanacker , Diaz Estibaliz , Maria Mateo Santos , Maria Korta , Carlos Antunes , Fernández-Delgado Carlos , Domingos Isabel , Zamora Hernandez Luis Miguel , Laurent Beaulaton , Patrick Lambert , Briand Cédric
Published: April 2021

Mistrust between scientists and non-scientist stakeholders is a key challenge in fishery management. This problem is exacerbated with the use of complex models to support management: these models suffer from difficulties in communicating their results and a lack of confidence from end users. The European eel is an illustrative example; its complex life cycle raises problems of coordination and discussion among the multiple actors involved in the management of the species. The GEREM model has been proposed as a tool for estimating recruitment, but its complexity, which is essential for addressing the characteristics of the species, makes it difficult to understand and accept by all stakeholders. In the context of the SUDOANG project, we proposed a co-parametrization of this assessment model to tackle this mistrust. Through the use of various questionnaires and appropriate statistical analyses, stakeholders were involved in two important choices for the model (zone definition and prior construction). Regular workshops and presentations were organised to explain the model rationales and to gather feedback and expectations. The results show that stakeholders have very similar perceptions of the potential definitions of sub-areas of recruitment in south-western Europe, and these perceptions are consistent with the underlying environmental conditions. On the other hand, the stakeholders have contrasting opinions about the exploitation rates of fisheries in different river basins, and the use of their knowledge currently has little effect on GEREM estimates. More importantly, the overall approach of this study is thought to have reconstructed the trust and confidence among participants.
One Possible Reinfection with SARS-CoV-2 Validated by 205-days Interval of Re-detection in Sapporo City, Japan
Authors: Asakura Toshiaki , Tamakoshi Akiko
Published: April 2021

Since SARS-CoV-2 has spread all over the world, one of the key questions is how long immunity works for protecting hosts from infection. However, it was difficult to distinguish reinfection from re-detected positive cases caused by other reasons. We confirmed 23 re-detected positive cases in Sapporo City in 2020, and among them, the case with 205-days interval from initial onset to the second confirmation date was found. We calculated the probability of observing more than one case with over d-days interval of re-detection, pobs, to find out whether the case with 205-days interval had the similar epidemiological characteristic with others or not. We found that 5th percentile and its 95% confidence interval of pobs was 118 (45, 216) for Sapporo City data and 92 (86, 98) for KCDC data. This result indirectly suggested the case with 205-days interval was reinfection.
Elucidating the antimycobacterial mechanism of action of ciprofloxacin using metabolomics
Authors: Knoll Kirsten Elke , Lindeque Zander , Adetomiwa Adeniji Ayodele , Oosthuizen Carel , Lall Namrita , Loots Du T.
Published: April 2021

In the interest of developing more effective and safer anti-Tuberculosis treatment, we aimed for a better understanding of the antimycobacterial action of ciprofloxacin against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). We used GCxGC-TOF-MS and well described metabolomics statistical approaches, to investigate and compare the metabolic profiles of Mtb in the presence and absence of the drug. The metabolites that best describe the differences between the compared groups were identified as markers characterizing the changes induced by ciprofloxacin. Malic acid was ranked as the most significantly altered metabolite marker induced by ciprofloxacin, indicative of an inhibition of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) and glyoxylate cycle of Mtb. The altered fatty acid, myo-inositol and triacylglycerol metabolism seen in this group, supports the previous observations of ciprofloxacin action on the Mtb cell wall. Furthermore, the altered pentose phosphate intermediates, glycerol metabolism markers, glucose accumulation, and the reduction in the glucogenic amino acids specifically, indicates a flux towards DNA (as well as cell wall) repair, also supporting previous findings of DNA damage caused by ciprofloxacin. This study further provides insights useful for designing network whole-system strategies for the identification of possible modes of actions of various drugs and possibly adaptations by Mtb resulting in resistance.
Application of Zymographic and Proteomic Analysis for Identification of Intracellular and Extracellular Proteases of Vibrio cholerae Production Strains
Authors: Polunina T. A. , Kotova N. V. , Badanin D. V. , Fedorov A. V. , Gromova O. V. , Krasnov Ya. M. , Osina N. A.
Published: April 2021

The aim of this work was to study the composition and functions of intracellular and extracellular proteases of the production Vibrio cholerae strains 569B serovar Inaba and M41 serovar Ogawa using zymographic and proteomic analysis.

Materials and methods. Samples of intracellular proteases were obtained from cell lysates by ultrasonication of bacterial cells in a 9 M urea solution. The extracellular protease fraction was precipitated from the culture liquid by adding 50 % trichloroacetic acid to a final concentration of 10 % and incubating on ice. Lyophilized preparations of proteinase K and proteovibrin enzyme complex were used as a control of proteolytic activity. Proteases were detected by substrate gel electrophoresis in 12.5 % polyacrylamide gel impregnated with 0.1 % gelatin, followed by identification of the composition of protein fractions of lysates and exoproteins of both strains using molecular mass spectrometric scanning.

Results and discussion. A comparative study of the production strains of V. cholerae 569B serovar Inaba and M41 serovar Ogawa using zymographic and proteomic analysis showed that the greatest enzymatic activity was detected in the fraction of extracellular proteases sample of V. cholerae M41 strain, where five major and four minor zones of gelatin hydrolysis were identified, and high-intensity zones with MW 20–23 and 37–40 kDa were also found in the preparation of proteovibrin isolated from the culture fluid of that strain. As a result of proteomic analysis of the studied strains, 66 enzymes of V. cholerae with different functional activity were reliably identified, among which 15 enzymes had protease activity. The high information content of the complex of modern methods provided for the possibility of identifying qualitative and quantitative differences in the composition of intracellular and extracellular proteases in production strains of V. cholerae, which offers an effective means of screening inter-strain differences in the protease spectrum in production strains.
Leptospirosis in the Republic of Tatarstan. Epidemiological Features
Authors: Savitskaya T. A. , Trifonov V. A. , Milova I. V. , Isaeva G. Sh. , Reshetnikova I. D. , Serovа I. V.
Published: April 2021

The study presents a characteristic of the current epidemiological situation on leptospirosis in the Republic of Tatarstan, investigation of the circulation of leptospirosis agents among the population of small mammals, and the species composition of Leptospira that caused diseases in humans.

Materials and methods. The paper contains the data on the incidence of leptospirosis among the population in the Russian Federation (RF) for the period between 2000 and 2018, in the Republic of Tatarstan – since 1998, submitted by the Rospotrebnadzor Administrations in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, materials of the Center for Hygiene and Epidemiology in the Republic of Tatarstan and the Main Veterinary Administration of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Results and discussion. We have carried out the analysis of the epidemiological situation in the Republic of Tatarstan for the period of 1998–2018, by the administrative territories of the republic. The incidence of human leptospirosis caused by various leptospira serogroups has been assessed. In total, 112 people got infected with leptospirosis during the analyzed period. Also the data of epizootiological survey of small mammals inhabiting the natural foci of leptospirosis in the republic are presented. Laboratory tests of 1565 samples from mouse-like rodents for the presence of leptospirosis pathogens have been performed. 1.9 % of the tests gave a positive result. Dominant in the Republic of Tatarstan are the serogroups of Leptospira – Leptospira grippotyphosa and L. hebdomadis. The results of laboratory studies on the carriage of leptospira among small mammals and contamination of environmental objects indicate the circulation of pathogens of leptospirosis in the population of small mammals, habitant in forest shrub, near-water and meadow field stations of the republic. The red vole prevails in this community, the average index of its dominance is 66.7 %. Epizootiological monitoring point to a latent epizootic process in the community of mouse-like rodents.
Ways to Reduce the Level of Contamination at the Stages of Tableted Chemical Cholera Vaccine Production
Authors: Ul’yanov A. Yu. , Klokova O. D. , Gromova O. V. , Vol’nikov V. R. , Volokh O. A. , Nikiforov A. K.
Published: April 2021

Objective of the study was an assessment of the degree of contamination of cholera chemical vaccine at the stages of preparation and determination of the ways to reduce it.

Materials and methods. Liquid and lyophilized components of the cholera chemical vaccine used in the study: cholerogen-anatoxin and O-antigens of Vibrio cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41 strains, as well as auxiliary substances (sucrose, talc, calcium stearate, starch). Granulation was carried out in a device that works on a fluidized bed principle, GPCG 2 (GLATT, Germany). Subsequent tabletizing of the mixture was performed using MiniTabT compression machine (LUXNER, Germany). Studies were conducted on the evaluation of “microbiological purity” at the stages of manufacturing of the cholera chemical vaccine, tablets coated with an enteric coating. Positive or negative growth of microorganisms on Petri dishes with nutrient media was determined on visual inspection.

Results and conclusions. The dynamics of changes in microbial contamination at certain technological stages of vaccine production has been revealed. It is shown that the solutions of antigens in the process of separation are subject to microbial contamination which is associated with the use of ammonium sulfate during precipitation and non-sterile water at the stage of dialysis. Sterility of semi-finished products has been achieved through twophase filtration of choleragen-anatoxin and sterilization of O-antigens of V. cholerae 569B and V. cholerae M-41 strains with flowing steam at (100±1) °C for 30 minutes. In order to decrease microbial contamination at the stage of granulation additional fine filters were installed in the air-supply system. Further on comparative assessment of microbial purity of vaccine batches obtained using both, direct compression and preliminary granulation, was carried out. It has been experimentally demonstrated that granulation of the components of a tablet mixture of cholera vaccine leads to a decrease in the level of bacterial contamination and improves the microbiological purity of the finished dosage form.
Epizootiological and Epidemiological Situation on Tularemia in Russia in 2020, the Forecast for 2021
Authors: Kudryavtseva T. Yu. , Popov V. P. , Mokrievich A. N. , Kulikalova E. S. , Kholin A. V. , Mazepa A. V. , Trankvilevsky D. V. , Khramov M. V. , Dyatlov I. A.
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the review is to assess the trends in the development of epizootic activity in various territories of the Russian Federation in order to identify the regions of increased risk of infection of the population with tularemia pathogen in 2021 and to plan and carry out high-priority measures in these regions, such as vaccination, investments in water, sanitation and hygiene infrastructure, epizootiological monitoring of natural foci and other measures aimed at suppressing the activity of natural foci and the development of herd immunity to this infection. In 2020, 41 cases of human infection with tularemia pathogen were registered on the territory of the Russian Federation, 60 % of which occurred in the Northwestern Federal District. Epizootic manifestations of the infection of varying intensity were detected in 55 constituent entities of Russia. Against this background, sporadic cases of tularemia in humans were registered in 14 regions of the country. The most pronounced epidemic complications continue in the territory of Karelia – 23 patients. 12 cultures of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica from the ambient environment were isolated in the Vologda (3), Rostov Regions (6), in the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous District (2), and in St. Petersburg (1). Based on the analysis of the data presented, in 2021, epidemic complications in the form of sporadic cases of the disease among the unvaccinated population in the following territories are most likely to occur: Central Federal District – in the Oryol, Ryazan and Yaroslavl Regions, as well as in Moscow; Northwestern Federal District – in the Arkhangelsk and Leningrad Regions, the Republic of Karelia and in St. Petersburg; Volga Federal District – in Tatarstan, Mordovia, Chuvash Republic, Kirov and Orenburg Regions; Ural Federal District – in the Khanty-Mansiysk, Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts and the Tyumen Region; Siberian Federal District – in the Novosibirsk, Kemerovo, Tomsk and Omsk Regions, as well as in the Altai Territory; Far Eastern Federal District – in some regions of Kamchatka and Khabarovsk Territories.
Multilocus Sequence-Typing of Anthrax Microbe Strains Isolated in Russia and Neighboring Countries
Authors: Goncharova Yu. O. , Bakhteeva I. V. , Mironova R. I. , Bogun A. G. , Khlopova K. V. , Timofeev V. S.
Published: April 2021

Objective – genotyping by multilocus sequence-typing (MLST) and phylogenetic analysis of 40 Bacillus anthracis strains isolated in Russia and neighboring countries.

Materials and methods. In this study, the sequences of seven housekeeping genes of B. anthracis strains were assembled based on the data of a whole genome new generation sequencing, after which the identified mutations and their coordinates were described. The obtained sequences were used for genotyping of the investigated sample using the MLST method. The results are compared with the data presented in PubMLST database. A phylogenetic analysis was performed for the in silico fused sequences of the seven loci of the identified sequence types. The MEGA 7.0 software package was used to build the dendrograms.

Results and discussion. Two sequence types (ST) have been found in the examined sample: 35 strains belong to ST-1, and five strains that differed by one common mutation at the glpF locus – to ST-3 (according to PubMLST coding), which emphasizes the genetic separation of this group of strains. One strain has a unique mutation in the gmk gene located outside the region used for MLST.
Sr Isotope Chemostratigraphy and Pb–Pb Age of the Riphean Carbonate Deposits of the Kharaulakh Uplift (Northeastern Margin of the Siberian Platform)
Authors: Kochnev B.B. , Kuznetsov A.B. , Sitkina D.R. , Kramchaninov A.Yu.
Published: April 2021

—The least altered limestones of the Ukta and Eselekh formations in the Precambrian section of the Kharaulakh uplift have a minimum 87Sr/86Sr ratio of 0.70673–0.70715. The lowest 87Sr/86Sr ratio of the overlying Neleger and Sietachan formations is 0.70791–0.70817. Based on these data, along with the earlier obtained positive δ13С values (up to 8‰) for the Kharaulakh section, we have estimated the age of the Ukta and Eselekh formations at 800–670 Ma and the age of the Neleger and Sietachan formations at ~640–580 Ma. The Pb–Pb isochron age of the least altered limestones of the Eselekh Formation calculated from eight samples is 720 ± 30 Ma. This age permits us to define the lower part of the Kharaulakh section of the Ukta and Eselekh formations to be the late Tonian of the International Chronostratigraphic Chart or to the Upper Riphean of the General Stratigraphic Scale of Russia. The presence of reliably dated Upper Riphean sediments in the Kharaulakh uplift indicates a more complex structure of the Precambrian sedimentary cover on the Arctic margin of the Siberian Platform than assumed earlier.
Ultramagnesian Olivine in the Monchepluton (Fo96) and Pados-Tundra (Fo93) Layered Intrusions (Kola Peninsula)
Authors: Barkov A.Y. , Martin R.F. , Izokh A.E. , Nikiforov A.A. , Korolyuk V.N.
Published: April 2021

—The paper focuses on compositional variations of olivine and chromian spinel in the Monchepluton and Pados-Tundra layered intrusions, which host significant chromitite mineralization. Ore-bearing dunite (with up to 25–30 vol.% Mcr) in the Sopcheozerskoe chromite deposit from the Monchepluton complex, Kola Peninsula, Russia, bears an assemblage of phases with exceptionally high magnesium contents: Fo96 + augite (Mg# = 94) + magnesiochromite, Mcr (Mg# ≈ 65); Mg# = 100·Mg/(Mg + Fe2+ + Mn). However, olivine in the host dunite has normal maximum values of Mg# comparable to those in cumulus olivine from layered intrusions worldwide (Fo≤91–92). The Fo96 phase in the Sopcheozerskoe deposit shows the most primitive composition ever reported from any layered intrusion. Magnesiochromite occurs as unzoned homogeneous euhedral crystals unaffected by subsolidus exchange or metasomatic effects. Olivine in ore-bearing dunite (20–25 vol.% magnesian chromite) from the Pados-Tundra complex attains Fo93, with the Mg# value notably higher than the range (Fo85.5–90.6) in olivine from orthopyroxenite, harzburgite, and dunite within the intrusion. Olivine and chromian spinel in the two complexes behave coherently, with covarying patterns of Mg# and Ni contents in olivine at R = 0.75 (n = 160) and positive correlation between Mg# in coexisting chromian spinel and olivine grains at R = 0.8 (n = 150). This behavior indicates that the two phases attained equilibrium during crystallization. It appears unlikely that the extremely high Mg enrichment in olivine (Fo96), as well as in all associated phases of the Monchepluton complex, would result from a subsolidus reaction between olivine and chromian spinel or low-temperature alteration of olivine. We suggest a more realistic explanation that the olivine (+ high-Mg augite)–chromian spinel assemblage crystallized from komatiitic magma under the conditions of progressively increasing oxygen fugacity (fO2). The high Mg# in the Mcr-chromite-enriched system, above the maximum values common in cumulus olivine from layered intrusions (up to Fo96 against Fo≤91–92), may be caused by shortage of ferrous iron.
Trace Elements in Sulfides and Gold of the Olimpiada Deposit (Yenisei Ridge): Ore Substance Sources and Fluid Parameters
Authors: Silyanov S.A. , Sazonov A.M. , Tishin P.A. , Lobastov B.M. , Nekrasova N.A. , Zvyagina E.A. , Ryabukha M.A.
Published: April 2021

—We consider the distribution of trace elements and precious metals in sulfides and native gold of the Olimpiada deposit. Analysis of the obtained data provided conclusions about the source of ore substance and the parameters of the ore-forming fluid. We think that the deposit was formed by a medium- to high-temperature fluid with variable salinity and acidity/alkalinity, with chloride complexes dominating. The redox potential changed in the course of ore formation, but the ore mineralization formed under reducing conditions. The early Au–As mineralization might have formed with the major participation of crustal substance, but the supply of substance from another, probably deep-seated, source was also possible. The Au–Sb paragenesis differs significantly in REE and precious-metal (primarily PGE) distribution, which might indicate a different source of substance (with a higher portion of a deep-seated component) during the formation of such parageneses. The Au/Ag ratios in sulfides, gold, and ores of the Olimpiada deposit point to the presence of Au and Ag sulfide minerals.
Elicitor-induced phenolic acids accumulation in Salvia virgata Jacq. hairy root cultures
Authors: Abrishamchi Parvaneh , Dowom Samaneh Attaran , Radjabian Tayebeh , Salami Seyed Alireza
Published: April 2021

Phenolic acids, as the predominant secondary metabolites of Salvia species, are largely used in pharmaceutical industries. The main aim of the study was to establish hairy root cultures of Salvia virgata Jacq. Also, the effects of methyl jasmonate (22.4 and 11.2 ppm), Ag+ ions (5 and 2.5 ppm), and yeast extract (100 and 50 ppm) were assessed on total phenol, total flavonoid, rosmarinic acid, salvianolic acid A, and caffeic acid contents in the hairy roots after 1, 3 and 5 days of exposure. Results showed the used Agrobacterium rhizogenes strains (A4, ATCC15834, R1000, GM1534, and C58C1) differed in their ability to induce hairy roots on leaf explants. The transformed roots were molecularly confirmed using rolC gene and the highest transformation frequency (56 %) was obtained by ATCC 15834 strain. Among the established hairy root lines, the highest amount of rosmarinic acid (0.45 ± 0.01 mg/g DW) and dry root biomass (2.29 ± 0.04 g) was obtained in AT3, the line which was induced by ATCC 15834 strain. The maximum accumulation of total phenol (123.6 ± 0.93 mg GAE/g DW), total flavonoid (5.09 ± 0.07 mg QUE/g DW), rosmarinic acid (18.45 ± 0.8 mg/g DW), salvianolic acid A (2.11 ± 0.04 mg/g DW) and caffeic acid (2.61 ± 0.02 mg/g DW) was observed in the hairy roots elicited with 22.4 ppm methyl jasmonate on day three after treatment. The results support that elicitation could be an effective procedure for the improvement of caffeic acid derivatives production in S. virgata hairy root cultures.
Optimization on the Multi-period Empty Container Repositioning Problem in Regional Port Cluster Based upon Inventory Control Strategies
Authors: Cai Jiaxin , Li Yubo , Yin Yandong , Wang Xiaohan , Jin Zhihong
Published: April 2021

Within the area of regional port clusters, this paper establishes a multi-period mixed integer programming model to optimize the empty container repositioning between public hinterlands and ports, comprehensively considering the quantitative and periodic inventory control strategy. By using Markov decision process combined with dynamic programming method, this paper dynamically optimizes the empty container inventory threshold (D;U) under quantitative strategy and S under periodical strategy at each port within the regional port clusters. On this basis, this paper optimizes the empty container repositioning scheme between public hinterlands and ports. Meanwhile, Liaoning coastal regional port cluster and its northeast hinterland are selected as the objects to solve this model and the results show that the total cost of shipping company can be saved by 14.16% and 11.92% respec- tively by the quantitative and periodical inventory control strategy. Selecting the quantity of public hinterland terminals, the empty container demand of public hinterland terminals and ports, the inventory threshold of empty containers and other factors, this paper carries on the sensitivity analysis. This paper validates inventory control strategy can weaken the shipping company in the influence of the external environment changes. And the quantitativeinventory control strategy can reduce the total cost value to a greater extent and more effective in cost control than periodical strategy.