bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychological Status as a Function of Residual Scarring and Facial Asymmetry after Surgical Repair of Cleft Lip and Palate
Authors: Millar Keith , Bell Aileen , Bowman Adrian , Brown Denise , Lo Tsz-Wai , Siebert Paul , Simmons David , Ayoub Ashraf
Published: August 2011

Objective

Objective measure of scarring and three-dimensional (3D) facial asymmetry after surgical correction of unilateral cleft lip (UCL) and unilateral cleft lip (UCLP). It was hypothesized that the degree of scarring or asymmetry would be correlated with poorer psychological function.

Design

In a cross-sectional design, children underwent 3D imaging of the face and completed standardized assessments of self-esteem, depression, and state and trait anxiety. Parents rated children's adjustment with a standard scale.

Setting

Glasgow Dental School, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences.

Patients

Fifty-one children aged 10 years with UCLP and 43 with UCL were recruited from the cohort treated with the surgical protocol of the CLEFTSIS managed clinical network in Scotland.

Methods

Objective assessment to determine the luminance and redness of the scar and facial asymmetry. Depression, anxiety, and a self-esteem assessment battery were used for the psychological analysis.

Results

Cleft cases showed superior psychological adjustment when compared with normative data. Prevalence of depression matched the population norm. The visibility of the scar (luminance ratio) was significantly correlated with lower self-esteem and higher trait anxiety in UCLP children ( P = .004). Similar but nonsignificant trends were seen in the UCL group. Parental ratings of poorer adjustment also correlated with greater luminance of the scar.

Conclusions

The objectively defined degree of postoperative cleft scarring was associated with subclinical symptoms of anxiety, depression, and low self-esteem.
Comparative Assessment of Dental Arch Relationships Using Goslon Yardstick in Patients with Unilateral Complete Cleft Lip and Palate Using Dental Casts, Two-Dimensional Photos, and Three-Dimensional Images
Authors: Dogan Servet , Olmez Sultan , Semb Gunvor
Published: August 2011

Objective

Comparison of the use of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) images for rating dental arch relationships.

Materials and Methods

The sample consists of pretreatment dental casts, 2D photographs, and 3D images of 70 patients with unilateral complete cleft lip and palate. Two experienced examiners used the Goslon Yardstick to rate dental arch relationships. The ratings were done three times for all groups. Weighted kappa statistics were used to evaluate intra- and interrater agreement and the agreement between the groups.

Results

Intra- and interexaminer agreement were high for all groups (between 0.86 and 0.96), indicating very good reproducibility. The mean Goslon scores ranged between 2.84 and 2.90.

Conclusion

2D and 3D imaging of dental casts provides a valid alternative for actual study models for rating dental arch relationships.
The importance of particle shape in discrete-element modelling of particle flow in a chute
Authors: McDOWELL G . , LI H. , LOWNDES I.
Published: August 2011

To investigate the influence of particle shape in the discrete-element modelling (DEM) of particle flow, particles were modelled using both spheres and approximately ellipsoidal four-ball clumps to simulate the flow of pebbles in a chute. The velocity profiles of the particles obtained from DEM are compared with those from laboratory experiments. In the experiments, the velocity profiles were obtained by tracking the positions of marked pebbles using a high-speed camera. It is found that the use of four-ball clumps gives velocity profiles and clearance times for different chute angles that are in good agreement with the experiments if the particle coefficient of friction is chosen correctly. The interparticle coefficient of friction was chosen so as to achieve the same angle of repose in the DEM as in the laboratory for the real pebbles. The use of spheres, however, did not give good agreement with the laboratory results.
Study of polymer‐network structure on polymer‐stabilized blue phase
Authors: Kwak Musun , Park Jungwoo , Jeon Jongho , Kim Kyoungri , Yi Yoonseon , Choi Donsik , Choi Youngseok , Jeong Kyongdeuk
Published: August 2011

Abstract— To understand the mechanism of the disclination defect of the liquid‐crystal (LC) phase, this study was conducted to directly analyze the polymer‐network (PN) structure of polymer‐stabilized blue phase (PSBP), which is minutely formed on all LC layers. The PN was examined after first removing the glass decap and then the LC. Important to note is that the removal of the glass decap did not affect or damage the PN structure. The PN was determined to be a stable structure without any change to the thickness of the layer. When removing the LC, both hexane and acetone solutions were used. Moreover, there was no structural deformation to the PN when using the hexane solution. The results of the study show that the actual size of the polymer chain is in fact 50–60 nm, five times larger than previous theories which estimated the size to be only 10 nm. In addition, this study confirmed that the pores between the PN are 100–200 nm. The PN structure was shown to be susceptible to change based on different heating temperatures. In summation, now that defect lines of a LC display (LCD) could be directly measured, further progress and development in the theoretical interpretations of the Kerr effect on PSBP can be realized.
Field‐induced photo‐reactive alignment technology for the vertical‐alignment liquid‐crystal mode
Authors: Miyakawa Masashi , Suwa Shunichi , Isozaki Tadaaki , Nakamura Masahiko , Urabe Tetsuo
Published: August 2011

Abstract— An advanced vertical‐alignment liquid‐crystal (VA‐LC) technology based on field‐induced photo‐reactive alignment (FPA) as an advanced alignment mode for VA is proposed. FPA realizes uniform alignment and a faster rising response time, especially at high voltage. This technology can generate a pre‐tilt angle only by using photo‐reactive alignment material so that the tact time is shorter and the long‐term reliability is higher than that of conventional photo‐reactive processes, which require additional photo‐reactive monomers. The advanced hybrid FPA was developed by adopting both the tilted alignment with a pre‐tilt angle and conventional vertical alignment. By using an advanced hybrid structure, the response time and contrast ratio can be further improved.
Energy‐efficient liquid‐crystal displays (e2‐LCDs) using a photonic‐crystal backlight system
Authors: Suzuki Masayoshi
Published: August 2011

Abstract— Cholesteric liquid crystals automatically form one‐dimensional photonic crystals. For a photonic crystal in which light‐emitting moieties are embedded, unique properties such as microcavity effects and simultaneous light emission and light reflection can be expected. Three primary‐color photonic‐crystal films were prepared based on cholesteric liquid crystal in which fluorescent dye is incorporated. Microcavity effects, i.e., emission enhancement and spectrum narrowing, were observed. Two types of demonstration liquid‐crystal displays (LCDs) were fabricated using the prepared photonic‐crystal films in a backlight system. One is an area‐color LCD in which a single photonic‐crystal layer is used for each color pixel and the other is a full‐color TFT‐LCD in which three stacked photonic‐crystal layers are used as light‐conversion layers. The area‐color LCD was excited by using 365‐nm UV light, and the full‐color TFT‐LCD was excited by using 470‐nm blue LED light. Because of the photonic crystal's unique features that allow it to work as light‐emitting and light‐reflecting layers simultaneously, both LCDs demonstrate clear readable images even under strong ambient light, such as direct‐sunlight conditions, under which conventional displays including LCDs and OLED displays cannot demonstrate clear images. In particular, an area‐color LCD, which eliminated color filters, gives clear images under bright ambient light conditions even without backlight illumination. This fact suggests that a backlight system using novel photonic‐crystal layers will be suitable for energy‐efficient LCDs (e2‐LCDs), especially for displays designed for outdoor usage.
Surface‐light‐emitting transistors based on vertical‐type metal‐base organic transistors
Authors: Nakayama Ken‐ichi , Pu Yong‐Jin , Kido Junji
Published: August 2011

Abstract— Light‐emitting transistors having a metal‐base organic transistor (MBOT) structure demonstrate both the function of an organic thin‐film transistor (OTFT) and organic light‐emitting diode (OLED). The MBOT is a vertical‐type organic transistor having a simple structure composed of organic/metal/organic layers demonstrating high‐current and low‐voltage operation. The light‐emitting MBOT was fabricated simply by inserting additional layers of hole‐transporting and emissive materials used in the OLED into the col lector layer. The device showed perfect surface emission similar to an OLED. A luminance modulation of 370 cd/m2 was observed at a collector voltage of 20 V and a base voltage of 3 V. This device can be applied to an OLED display device to increase the numerical aperture or reduce the required current of the TFT backplane.
Transient‐current characteristics of dispersed charges in a non‐polar medium
Authors: Jeon Yoocharn , Kornilovitch Pavel , Beck Patricia , Zhou Zhang‐Lin , Henze Richard , Koch Tim
Published: August 2011

Abstract— Transient currents of reverse micelles in a non‐polar solvent from voltage step stimuli were studied to investigate the electrophoretic behavior of the charges. The current showed a sharp peak directly after the voltage application and decayed afterward while it exhibited various time‐dependent transients depending on the applied voltage and the charge content after the bias was removed. A one‐dimensional drift‐diffusion model could reproduce the behaviors for various conditions. The forward transient could be well‐explained by a simple capacitor‐charging model with a limited charge. It turned out that the broad peak in the reverse transient current is formed by a competition between an increasing number of charges available for drift and a decreasing electric field resulting from mixing of opposite charges and that the full development of the peak is a good indication of complete polarization of the charges. The slow initial release of charges from the electrodes is due to the electric field developed by accumulated charges that decreases as the charges are released by diffusion. The high density compaction of charges against the electrodes reduces electric‐field screening by the accumulated charges and enables more accumulation, but individual charge‐to‐charge interaction limits the density.
Solution‐processed oxide thin‐film transistors using aluminum and nitrate precursors for low‐temperature annealing
Authors: Jeong Woong Hee , Bae Jung Hyeon , Kim Kyung Min , Kim Dong Lim , Rim You Seung , Kim Si Joon , Park Kyung‐Bae , Seon Jong‐Baek , Ryu Myung‐Kwan , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: August 2011

Abstract— In this article, a solution process for oxide thin‐film transistors (TFTs) at low‐temperature annealing was investigated. Solution‐process engineering, including materials and precursors, plays an important role in oxide thin‐film deposition on large glass and flexible substrates at low temperature. Reactive material could reduce the alloy reaction temperature for a multicomponent oxide system. A volatile precursor could also reduce annealing temperature in the formation of metal‐oxide thin films. A solution process with reactive Al and a volatile nitrate precursor can demonstrates competitive oxide TFTs at 350°C.
Eu2+‐doped AlN—SiC solid‐solution phosphors: Synthesis and cathodoluminescence properties
Authors: Xie Rong‐Jun , Naoto Hirosaki , Dierre Benjamin , Takeda Takahashi , Sekiguchi Takahashi
Published: August 2011

Abstract— Eu and Si co‐doped AlN was reported to be an interesting blue phosphor for field‐emission displays (FEDs). In this paper, SiC instead of Si3N4 was used as the Si source. Eu2+‐doped AlN—SiC phosphors were prepared by firing the powder mixtures of AlN, SiC, and Eu2O3 at 2050°C for 2 hours under 1‐MPa N2. Solid solutions between AlN and SiC were formed in a wide range, promoting the solution of Eu2+ in AlN. The phosphors showed intense blue emissions under electron‐beam excitation, indicative of potential phosphors for FEDs.
The evaluation of speckle contrast with variable speckle generator
Authors: Kurashige Makio , Ishida Kazutoshi , Takanokura Tomoe , Ohyagi Yasuyuki , Watanabe Masachika
Published: August 2011

Abstract— While laser projection has many advantages, there is a problem with speckle patterns generated as a result of interference of the laser beam and results in bad effects to observers. In 2010, a variable speckle generator, which produces an angular shift of incident light to the screen and generates variable speckle patterns, was suggested. In this study, the performance of a variable speckle generator by using a volume phase holographic beam shaper and scanning mirror was investigated in detail by evaluating both the objective and subjective speckle contrast. The morphology of the speckle pattern was also investigated when the variable speckle generator was activated. With a scanning VPH beam shaper, the objective speckle was effectively reduced because each point of the VPH beam shaper generated different speckle patterns and coherency among each pattern disappeared by using the scan process. On the other hand, subjective speckle was also dramatically reduced by changing the incident angle on the screen, which resulted in generating variable subjective speckle. It was also shown that the speckle reduction rate by using a variable speckle generator did not depend on the coherent length of a laser by evaluating the normalized speckle contrast against the angular shift on the screen.
About the computation of the signature of surface singularities z
N + g(x, y) = 0
Authors: Banyamin Muhammad , Pfister Gerhard , Steidel Stefan
Published: August 2011

In this article we describe our experiences with a parallel Singular implementation of the signature of a surface singularity defined by z
N + g(x; y) = 0.
On isomorphisms of some Köthe function F-spaces
Authors: Kholomenyuk Violetta , Mykhaylyuk Volodymyr , Popov Mikhail
Published: August 2011

We prove that if Köthe F-spaces X and Y on finite atomless measure spaces (ΩX; ΣX, µX) and (ΩY; ΣY; µY), respectively, with absolute continuous norms are isomorphic and have the property $\mathop {\lim }\limits_{\mu (A) \to 0} \left\| {\mu (A)^{ - 1} 1_A } \right\| = 0$ (for µ = µX and µ = µY, respectively) then the measure spaces (ΩX; ΣX; µX) and (ΩY; ΣY; µY) are isomorphic, up to some positive multiples. This theorem extends a result of A. Plichko and M. Popov concerning isomorphic classification of L
p(µ)-spaces for 0 < p < 1. We also provide a new class of F-spaces having no nonzero separable quotient space.
Towards Attentive Robots
Authors: Frintrop Simone
Published: August 2011

This paper introduces
Air quality as respiratory health indicator — a critical review
Authors: Moshammer Hanns , Wallner Peter
Published: August 2011

As part of the European Public Health project IMCA II validity and practicability of “air pollution” as a respiratory health indicator were analyzed. The definitions of air quality as an indicator proposed by the WHO project ECOEHIS and by IMCA I were compared. The public availability of the necessary data was checked through access to web-based data-bases. Practicability and interpretation of the indicator were discussed with project partners and external experts. Air quality serves as a kind of benchmark for the good health-related environmental policy. In this sense, it is a relevant health indicator. Although air quality is not directly in the responsibility of health policy, its vital importance for the population’s health should not be neglected. In principle, data is available to calculate this IMCA indicator for any chosen area in Europe. The indicator is relevant and informative, but calculation and interpretation need input from local expert knowledge. The European health policy is well advised to take air quality into account. To that end, an interdisciplinary approach is warranted. The proposed definition of air quality as a (respiratory) health indicator is workable, but correct interpretation depends on expert and local knowledge.
Campaign to End Fistula
Authors: Yangzom Kundu
Published: August 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5243 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 1-2
Interval Debulking Surgery in Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Singh Meeta , Jha Rajshree , Dhakal Samjhana
Published: August 2011

Primary debulking surgery’s (PDS) role in ovarian cancer there is no dispute, as the currently accepted management of treatment of advanced stage ovarian cancer is PDS in order to achieve an optimal cytoreduction as the amount of residual tumour is one of the most important prognostic factors for survival of women with epithelial ovarian cancer. Several authors have reported PDS is associated with high mortality and morbidity rates, when an optimal surgical procedure, defined as a removal of tumours to < 1to 2 cm in size, required for advanced stage disease (III to IV). So interval debulking sugery (IDS) should be performed in unresectable cases or in the advanced ovarian cancers. However the role of IDS is still not well defined, at present where PDS is feasible and permits a minimal residual tumour to achieve an optimal cytoreduction with an acceptable morbidity, it should be performed in patients with stage II up to IIIC disease with minor carcinomatosis. IDS should be performed in the case of patients with massive unresectable cases. The preliminary results so far reported should be confirmed by a randomized study or level1evidence being conducted by the EORTC (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer) group to reinforce the randomized study of Maria et al before recommending IDS in cancer of ovary Keywords: IDS, PDS, unrespectable ovarian cancer DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5244 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 3-6
Diagnostic Value of VIA Comparing with Conventional Pap Smear in the Detection of Colposcopic Biopsy Proved CIN
Authors: Hegde Divya , Shetty Harish , Shetty Prasanna K , Rai Supriya , Manjeera Lakshmi , Vyas Neetha , Hegde Adithi , Mallya Hema , Rajesh Aparna
Published: August 2011

Aim: A study to assess the role of visual inspection with acetic acid VIA as an alternative to Pap smear in screening program for cervical cancer in low resource settings. Method: Two hundred and twenty five women in reproductive age group attending the Gynecology department at K.S Hegde Charitable Hospital were enrolled in the study. A Papanicolaou smear and visual inspection of the cervix with acetic acid was done. All women then underwent colposcopy using the video colposcope. All patients who tested positive on screening then underwent colposcopy guided biopsy. Pap smear of Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) and above was taken as abnormal. The statistical test used was chi square test and results were computed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 12.0. Results: Out of 225 patients, VIA was positive in 27(12%) patients and Pap smear was abnormal in 26(11.7%). There were 15 LSIL, 6 high Grade Squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) and 5 were squamous cell carcinoma. On biopsy, there were 15 mild dysplasia, 2 moderate dysplasia, 4 severe dysplasia and 3 squamous cancers. Pap smear had a sensitivity of 83%, specificity of 98%, and positive predictive value of 80 % and negative predictive value of 97.9%. VIA had a sensitivity of 70.8%, specificity of 95%, and positive predictive value of 62.9 % and negative predictive value of 96.5%. Conclusion: Since diagnostic values of VIA is comparable to Pap smear, and it performs well in detecting high grade lesion we conclude that VIA can be used as a screening modality for cervical cancer in low resource settings. Keywords: Cervical cancer in low resource settings, Pap smear- colposcopy, visual inspection with acetic acid   DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5245 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 7-12
Universal Precautions against HIV and other Blood-Borne Pathogens - Knowledge, Attitude and Compliance among health professionals in Obstetrics and Gynecology
Authors: Dhaliwal Bhalinder , Saha Pradip Kumar , Goel Poonam , Huria Anju
Published: August 2011

Aim: To assess the knowledge and compliance with universal precautions (UP) for the labour wards, delivery and operating rooms by Doctors, Nurses and Technicians Methods: Study Design: The study was conducted in two teaching hospitals in Chandigarh. Health Care Worker working in the Obstetrics and Gynecology department were surveyed by a pretested detailed confidential questionnaire to asses the knowledge and compliance with UP. And also if they are not using what could be the reason for noncompliance. Results: Hundred percent of doctor had knowledge about UP where as it was 80% in staff nurse and 82% in OT technician. Around Thirty eight percent of the respondent always used double gloves, 18.4% protective eyewear, 34.5% protective outer clothing (plastic inner covering wear inside gown) and 10.5% used Gumshoes (protective foot wear). Around six percent respondent never used double gloves, 64% protective eyes wear, and 13.3% protective outer clothing and 61.2% never used Gumshoes. Reasons for noncompliance with UP as elicited by this study included time constraints (53%), inconvenience (19.3%), non-availability of protective barrier (88%) and presumption that patient was not infected (51.6%). Conclusions: Results from this study reveal that there is a fair level of knowledge about universal precaution among the Health Care Worker (HCW). But Compliance with universal precautions by participant is poor. So, Training programs and other strategy should be put in place to promote the appropriate use universal precaution among Health care professional. Key words: Knowledge, Attitude, Compliance of Universal Precautions DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5246 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 13-16
A Comparative Study of Drospirenone and Desogestrel: An Overview of Benefi ts and Side Effects
Authors: Bhattacharya Pamamita , Kapoor Nandini , Kyal Amit , Mukhopadhyay Partha
Published: August 2011

Aims: To study the antiandrogenic and antimineralocorticoid activity of drospirenone, a novel progestogen used as a component of combined oral contraceptive pill (COC) and compare it’s clinical and biochemical effects with that of desogestrel, the most commonly used progestogenic component of COC. Methods Study design: prospective analytical study. Population and setting: study was conducted in our department from July 2008 to June 2010. Two hundred women were randomly allocated into two groups. First group received combination of 3mg drospirenone and 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol (DRSP/EE) and the other group was given COC containing 150mcg desogestrel and 30 mcg ethinyl estradiol (other OCP group). Results: The DRSP/EE group showed no significant decrease in body weight, Ferriman gallwey Score (FG), systolic and diastolic blood pressure. No evidence of sodium retention seen in any patients. 86% women had decrease in serum sodium from baseline. There was significant increase in HDL-Cholesterol level by 7.52% and no significant decrease in LDL-Cholesterol level. In the other OCP group, 52 subjects had increase in body weight, 30% showed increase in FG score and none had any decrease in blood pressure. 62% women had net gain in serum sodium level. Serum Triglyceride, HDL-Cholesterol, LDL-Cholesterol all were increased. Conclusion: DRSP/EE combination is well tolerated, demonstrating good cycle control and a beneficial effect on skin condition. It exerts significant antiandrogenic activity and is effective in improving hirsutism. It also has positive effect on serum electrolyte composition and lipid profile. Keywords: Combined oral contraceptives, drospirenone, desogestrel DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5247 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 17-21
A Prospective Comparison of the 30-Minute and 60-Minute Oxytocin Dose Incremental Schedules for Induction of Labor at Term
Authors: Ade-Oju Idowu P , Kuti Oluwafemi , Loto Olabisi M , Ogunniyi Solomon O
Published: August 2011

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of two oxytocin incremental protocols used for induction of labor in women of low parity. Method: One hundred and twenty women (120) of low parity requiring induction of labour at term were randomly assigned into the two oxytocin induction dose protocols of the 30-minute and 60-minute incremental intervals. Induction–onset of labour interval, Induction-delivery interval, Delivery outcome and perinatal outcome were compared. Results: The induction-onset of labour interval and the induction delivery interval were comparable between the 60-min group and the 30-min group. Intrapartum complications like fetal distress, uterine hyperstimulation and precipitate labour were more common in the 30-min group however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Oxytocin infusion regimens of 60-min and 30-min are comparable in outcome for induction of labour. The 60-min group carries less risk to both the mother and the fetus. Keywords: Induction-delivery interval, Induction of labor, oxytocin DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5250 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 35-40
Twin Birth Order, Birthweight and Birthweight Discordance: Any Relationship?
Authors: Onyiriuka Alphonsus N
Published: August 2011

Aim: To assess the truthfulness of this common concept that first-born twins are usually heavier than their second-born siblings at birth. Methods: In a series of 104 sets of live-born twins, the birth weights of first-born twins were compared with those of their second-born siblings, after controlling for gender. Their intra-pair birthweight differences were determined and twin pairs whose birthweight difference was 15% or more were designated as discordant. Results: Twin I was heavier than Twin II in 61.5% of cases while Twin II was heavier than Twin I in 28.9% of cases. Twins I and II had equal birth weight in 9.6% of cases. Comparing the mean birthweight of the first-born-male twin with that of second-born- male twin, it was 2515 + 427g [95 % Confidence Interval, CI = 2402 - 2628) versus 2432 + 435g (95% C I = 2321 - 2543) p>0.05. The mean birthweight of first-born-female twin was 2326 + 445g (95% CI =2214 - 2439) while that of the second-born-female twin was 2325 + 501g (95% CI = 2197 - 2453) p>0.05. When the birthweight difference exceeded 750g, the probability that Twin I will be heavier than Twin II was 83.3% (5 of 6). Conclusion: Although the first-born twin was more often heavier than their second-born siblings, either could weigh more or less at birth. The larger the birthweight difference between growth-discordant twin pair, the greater the probability that the heavier twin would be delivered first. Keywords: Birth order relative birth weights, birthweight discordance, twins DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5252 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 46-50
Primary Umbilical Endometriosis A Case Report
Authors: Shrestha Nira Singh , Pande Shashi , Joshi Mukunda , Padhye SM
Published: August 2011

A 32 year old, Para 2 with normal vaginal delivery presented with cyclical bleeding from a dark brown painful umbilical nodule for 6 months. The ultra sonogram showed a subcutaneous nodule at the umbilicus without any other abnormality. FNAC of the nodule diagnosed it as a case of umbilical endometriosis. A diagnostic laparosopy ruled out any associated pelvic endometriosis. Umbilectomy was done for the treatment of the condition. Keywords: Endometriosis, Umbilicus, Umbilectomy DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5253 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 51-52
Trousseau’s Syndrome in Association with Yolk Sac Tumour of Ovary
Authors: Dasari Papa , G Maya , V Bhuvaneswari
Published: August 2011

Trousseau's syndrome is the spontaneous recurrent migratory thrombosis or arterial emboli due to non bacterial thrombotic endocarditis or both in a patient with underlying malignant neoplasm, which in this case of concern was the thrombosis in the Internal Jugular Vein (IJV) associated with yolk sac tumours of ovary is described. Keywords: Spontaneous recurrent migratory thrombosis, Trousseau's syndrome, yolk sac ovarian tumour DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5254 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 53-56
Conjoined Twins: A Report of 3 Cases to Emphasize Prenatal Diagnosis and Challenges
Authors: Agarwal Kiran , Agarwal Lata , Agrawal VK , Agarwal Ashok
Published: August 2011

Meeting challenges regarding conjoined twinning and its Prenatal Diagnosis is depicted by three pairs of conjoint twins (all female) diagnosed by ultrasound. All the pairs belonged to Hindu family and there was no history of consanguineous marriage, previous twins in family, ingestion of drugs or exposure to X-ray. First pair of thoracopagus twins was diagnosed at 28 weeks gestation born to twenty two years old primigravida. Second pair of twin was Cephalo-thoracopagus born to twenty seven years old second gravida with a history of one incomplete abortion (two years back). Third pair of twin was craniopagus thoraco-ompalopagus born to twenty five years old second-gravida and parity one at fifteen weeks of gestation. Incidences of female conjoint twins are more common. Management of conjoint twin still remains a challenge to modern sciences due to multiple congenital anomalies although early and easy diagnosis of conjoint twin is possible because of the availability of ultrasonography. Keywords: Conjoined twins, prenatal diagnosis and challenges DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5255 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 57-60
Antenatal Diagnosis of Conjoined Twins - Parapagus Dicephalus A Case Report
Authors: Mummigatti Kasturi , Shamshal Aeda
Published: August 2011

A case of 5 hour old, new born alive female baby laterally fused with two heads, two necks, one body with two legs and three fully formed upper arms and the 3rd arising between the two heads with Apgar score of one and five, diagnosed antenatally and born by Em CS Section at 32 weeks to a 30 year G7P5 with previous CS, died after five hours of birth, a severe lesion such as that found in this case of dicephalus parapagus conjoined twins which is incompatible with postnatal life account for less than 0.5% of all reported cases of conjoined twins who fail to survive is brought to discussion. Keywords: Parapagus, Dicephalus, Conjoined twins. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5256 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 61-65
How Safe is Progesterone? Acute Pulmonary Embolisms (APE) Alleged to Progesterone.
Authors: Dali Bikash , Acharya Subarna , Jha Sunil C , Basnet Manindra , Pradhan Neelam , Sharma Jyoti , Bista Kesang Diki , Manandhar Bekha , Rana Ashma
Published: August 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5257 NJOG 2011; 6(1): 66-67
A Regrettable Instance of Medical Abortion, How to Get-Going?
Authors: Baral Josie , Rana Ashma , Gurung Geeta
Published: August 2011

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njog.v6i1.5258NJOG 2011; 6(1): 68
The Persistence of Myth: Written Authority in the Wake of New World Discovery
Authors: Olesen Jan
Published: August 2011

Abstract:

“The Persistence of Myth: Written Authority in the Wake of New World Discovery” examines how classical authorities continued to influence scientific knowledge in the early modern period in spite of the emergence of more experiential and empirical methods of cosmography. Demonstrating that experiential evidence from travel literature and material evidence from the burgeoning culture of collection often endorsed rather than displaced myth, the paper argues that the preservation of myth is not a facile protection of power relations but is representative of how material reality is inherently connected to and supported by mythical structures. The paper performs a temporal short circuit, suggesting not that an impoverished early modern science failed to understand the significance of empirical evidence but that the emerging discourse of science sought a mutually sympathetic relationship among art, myth, and empirical evidence.
Strange Notes from the LA Punk Underground: The Durability of Darby Crash and the Germs
Authors: Brown Peter Robert
Published: August 2011

Abstract:

This essay examines the durability of Darby Crash, lead singer of the Germs, one of Los Angeles's earliest punk bands. Crash committed suicide in 1980, but he and the Germs continue to fascinate those familiar with their music and story. This ongoing interest is the result of numerous factors, including the Germs' music, Crash's disturbing worldview and charisma, and our more general obsession with celebrity and death. After offering a brief account of Crash's life and his involvement with the Germs, I discuss his largely closeted queerness, one of the apparent reasons behind his suicide; I consider the idea of authenticity and its importance in the ideology of rock and punk. Then, I contextualize Crash in the culture of the United States and Los Angeles in the late 1970s.
Tear into the Guts: Whitman, Steinbeck, Springsteen, and the Durability of Lost Souls on the Road
Authors: Bellamy Brent
Published: August 2011

Abstract:

This article investigates the relationship between the concepts of freedom and confinement and the metaphor of “the road” in the works of three significant American cultural figures. A close analysis of the formal elements of the poetry of Walt Whitman, the novels of John Steinbeck, and the songs of Bruce Springsteen reveals a negation at the core of durability. These narratives pit characters, readers, and listeners against the ideology of freedom that structures road narratives and American durability. Whitman's version of the road is open and apparently available to all, whereas Steinbeck's version inverts these terms, making the road a place of oppression and confinement. Beginning to unveil these contradictions, Springsteen's music grasps the weight and emptiness of the road as a cultural signifier. Finally, the article argues that only through collective thought and action within and against the contradictions inherent in durability can we stop simply persisting and start living.
“I Will Never See a Black American President in My Lifetime”: Crisis in the Black American Masculine Narrative
Authors: Stewart Anthony
Published: August 2011

Abstract:

The election of Barack Obama could not help but alter what Charles Johnson calls the “black American narrative.” This paper focuses on the endurance of the black American masculine narrative over time, how it may have changed, and what might be at stake for its future in light of Obama's election. The black American masculine narrative brings with it different implications than those in play for “black America” (however defined) more generally, including the laws of unintended consequences that find some critics looking back nostalgically to the days of segregation. The paper considers whether or not “politician” might be added to the short list of potential career aspirations for African American men and whether or not such an addition would count as progress.
A Risk Profile for Information Fusion Algorithms
Authors: Nelson Kenric P. , Scannell Brian J. , Landau Herbert
Published: August 2011

E.T. Jaynes, originator of the maximum entropy interpretation of statistical mechanics, emphasized that there is an inevitable trade-off between the conflicting requirements of robustness and accuracy for any inferencing algorithm. This is because robustness requires discarding of information in order to reduce the sensitivity to outliers. The principal of nonlinear statistical coupling, which is an interpretation of the Tsallis entropy generalization, can be used to quantify this trade-off. The coupled-surprisal, -lnκ(p)≡-(pκ-1)/κ , is a generalization of Shannon surprisal or the logarithmic scoring rule, given a forecast p of a true event by an inferencing algorithm. The coupling parameter κ=1-q, where q is the Tsallis entropy index, is the degree of nonlinear coupling between statistical states. Positive (negative) values of nonlinear coupling decrease (increase) the surprisal information metric and thereby biases the risk in favor of decisive (robust) algorithms relative to the Shannon surprisal (κ=0). We show that translating the average coupled-surprisal to an effective probability is equivalent to using the generalized mean of the true event probabilities as a scoring rule. The metric is used to assess the robustness, accuracy, and decisiveness of a fusion algorithm. We use a two-parameter fusion algorithm to combine input probabilities from N sources. The generalized mean parameter ‘alpha’ varies the degree of smoothing and raising to a power Νβ with β between 0 and 1 provides a model of correlation.
Model Predictive Control-Based Fast Charging for Vehicular Batteries
Authors: Yan Jingyu , Xu Guoqing , Qian Huihuan , Xu Yangsheng , Song Zhibin
Published: August 2011

Battery fast charging is one of the most significant and difficult techniques affecting the commercialization of electric vehicles (EVs). In this paper, we propose a fast charge framework based on model predictive control, with the aim of simultaneously reducing the charge duration, which represents the out-of-service time of vehicles, and the increase in temperature, which represents safety and energy efficiency during the charge process. The RC model is employed to predict the future State of Charge (SOC). A single mode lumped-parameter thermal model and a neural network trained by real experimental data are also applied to predict the future temperature in simulations and experiments respectively. A genetic algorithm is then applied to find the best charge sequence under a specified fitness function, which consists of two objectives: minimizing the charging duration and minimizing the increase in temperature. Both simulation and experiment demonstrate that the Pareto front of the proposed method dominates that of the most popular constant current constant voltage (CCCV) charge method.
Characterization of Thermophilic Halotolerant Aeribacillus pallidus TD1 from Tao Dam Hot Spring, Thailand
Authors: Yasawong Montri , Areekit Supatra , Pakpitchareon Arda , Santiwatanakul Somchai , Chansiri Kosum
Published: August 2011

The bacterial strain TD1 was isolated from Tao Dam hot spring in Thailand. Strain TD1 was Gram positive, rod-shaped, aerobic, motile, and endospore forming. The cell was 2.0–40 mm in length and about 0.4 mm in diameter. The optimum growth occurred at 55–60 °C and at pH 7–8. Strain TD1 was able to grow on medium containing up to 10% NaCl. The DNA G+C content was 38.9 mol%. The cellular fatty acid content was mainly C16:0, which comprised 25.04% of the total amount of cellular fatty acid. 16S rDNA showed 99% identity to Aeribacillus pallidus DSM 3670T. Bayesian tree analysis strongly supported the idea that strain TD1 is affiliated with genus Aeribacillus, as Aeribacillus pallidus strain TD1. Although the 16S rDNA of A. pallidus strain TD1 is similar to that of A. pallidus DSM 3670T, some physiological properties and the cellular fatty acid profiles differ significantly. A. pallidus strain TD1 can produce extracellular pectate lyase, which has not been reported elsewhere for other bacterial strains in the genus Aeribacillus. A. pallidus strain TD1 may be a good candidate as a pectate lyase producer, which may have useful industrial applications.
Reviewing Ligand-Based Rational Drug Design: The Search for an ATP Synthase Inhibitor
Authors: Lee Chia-Hsien , Huang Hsuan-Cheng , Juan Hsueh-Fen
Published: August 2011

Following major advances in the field of medicinal chemistry, novel drugs can now be designed systematically, instead of relying on old trial and error approaches. Current drug design strategies can be classified as being either ligand- or structure-based depending on the design process. In this paper, by describing the search for an ATP synthase inhibitor, we review two frequently used approaches in ligand-based drug design: The pharmacophore model and the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) method. Moreover, since ATP synthase ligands are potentially useful drugs in cancer therapy, pharmacophore models were constructed to pave the way for novel inhibitor designs.
Synthesis and Biological Screening of 4-Benzyl-2H-phthalazine Derivatives
Authors: El-Wahab Ashraf H.F. Abd , Mohamed Hany M. , El-Agrody Ahmed M. , El-Nassag Mohammed A. , Bedair Ahmed H.
Published: August 2011

Preparation of 4-benzyl-2-substituted phthalazin-1-one derivatives 2-8 is reported. Condensation of 4-benzyl-1-chlorophthalazine (9) with a series of different nucleophiles gave 4-benzylphthalazin-1-ylamino derivatives (10-13 and 16) and 4-amino-2-[N'-(4-benzylphthalazin-1-yl)-hydrazino]-6-arylpyrimidine-5-carbonitriles (14a,b). Interaction of 9 with ambident anions was also studied. 5-Benzyl-6,6a,12-triazobenzo[a]-anthracen-7-one (15) is obtained from 9 and anthranilic acid derivatives. Treatment of 16 with (EtO)3CH/Ac2O under reflux afforded the corresponding ethoxymethylene derivative 17, while aqueous ammonium hydroxide treatment afforded carboxamide derivative 18. The structures of the newly synthesized derivatives were confirmed by their elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectral studies. Antimicrobial activities of some selected compounds were also studied and some of these were found to exhibit promising effects against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi.
Common Criteria Related Security Design Patterns for Intelligent Sensors—Knowledge Engineering-Based Implementation
Authors: Bialas Andrzej
Published: August 2011

Intelligent sensors experience security problems very similar to those inherent to other kinds of IT products or systems. The assurance for these products or systems creation methodologies, like Common Criteria (ISO/IEC 15408) can be used to improve the robustness of the sensor systems in high risk environments. The paper presents the background and results of the previous research on patterns-based security specifications and introduces a new ontological approach. The elaborated ontology and knowledge base were validated on the IT security development process dealing with the sensor example. The contribution of the paper concerns the application of the knowledge engineering methodology to the previously developed Common Criteria compliant and pattern-based method for intelligent sensor security development. The issue presented in the paper has a broader significance in terms that it can solve information security problems in many application domains.
Cytologic Diagnosis of Acinic Cell Carcinoma of Minor Salivary Gland: A Distinct Rarely Described Entity
Authors: Sherwani Rana , Akhtar Kafil , Ahmad Murad , Hasan Abrar
Published: August 2011

A rare case of acinic cell carcinoma of minor salivary gland with cervical lymph node metastasis in a 50-year-old man is reported and the literature regarding this type of tumor is reviewed. These tumors arise from either an intercalated duct stem cell or the reserve cell of the salivary gland terminal tubule but not from both simultaneously. Rarely these neoplasms arise from more mature acinar cells. It is clear that these tumors behave ominously. The 25 year determinate survival rate is 50%, with a 20% incidence of metastasis. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice. Radiotherapy, especially neutron therapy, has a place in the treatment of this tumor but the role of chemotherapy is not exactly known at this time.
Health technology assessment processes for nanotechnologies: the ethical domain
Authors: Spagnolo Antonio G. , Refolo Pietro , Sacchini Dario , Daloiso Viviana
Published: August 2011

The ethical assessment of the use of technologies is generally considered a component of the health technology assessment (HTA) processes. HTA is a multidisciplinary process that summarizes information about medical, economic, organizational, ethical, psychological, social and legal issues related to the implementation of a certain health technology in health care system and its main purpose is to inform policymaking. Unlike the other technologies nanotechnologies pose different risks and, therefore, new bioethical implications should be assessed. So, the ethical assessment of nanotechnologies within the HTA processes could be more problematic. The article intends to debate this complexity.
Congenital Aneurysm of the Left Atrial Appendage with Left superior Vena cava
Authors: Zokaei Abdol Hamid , Sabzi Feridoun
Published: August 2011

A 32-year-old man underwent excision of an aneurysm of the left atrial appendage which had been causing palpitation and supraventricular tachyarrhythmia. Various techniques are useful for making the diagnosis and allowing differential diagnosis between this and other pathologies. In this report, the diagnosis was based on transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, and the patient was treated by surgical resection of the aneurysm on cardiopulmonary bypass. There were no postoperative complications. Four months later, the patient remained asymptomatic and in sinus rhythm.
Assessment of seed quality performance and heterosis for seed quality traits in hybrid high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR)
Authors: Cuthbert R. D. , Crow G. , McVetty P. B. E.
Published: August 2011

Cuthbert, R. D., Crow, G. and McVetty, P. B. E. 2011. Assessment of seed quality performance and heterosis for seed quality traits in hybrid high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR). Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 837–846. Hybrids are becoming the dominant cultivar type in Brassica napus L. to utilize the well-documented heterosis for seed yield in canola/rapeseed. While there are numerous reports of heterosis for agronomic traits in B. napus hybrids, there are few reports of heterosis for seed quality traits in this species. The objectives of this study were to determine if high parent or commercial heterosis for any seed quality traits occurs in high erucic acid rapeseed (HEAR) hybrids. Seed quality performance of 45 F1 B. napus HEAR hybrids, derived from crosses of 12 geographically and genetically distinct (based on known pedigrees) HEAR cultivars/lines, was assessed in the current study using seven HEAR cultivars/lines developed by the University of Manitoba (UM) and five proprietary European (EU) HEAR cultivars/lines. Replicated field trials to assess seed oil, protein, sum of oil and protein, glucosinolate, and erucic acid concentrations were conducted over six environments in Manitoba during 2004 and 2005. High parent heterosis and commercial heterosis for seed oil concentration up to 9% and up to 14%, respectively, was observed with hybrids displaying seed oil concentrations as high as 533 g kg−1. Low parent heterosis for protein and glucosinolate concentrations was also observed. Erucic acid concentration displayed commercial heterosis. Many hybrids displayed near zero percent heterosis for any seed quality traits; however, overall seed quality was maintained or increased even in these hybrids. The results of this study indicate that development of HEAR hybrids can be an effective way to improve seed quality components, especially oil concentration, in this crop.