bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CFD analysis of unsteady and anisotropic turbulent flow in a circular-sectioned 90° bend pipe with and without ribs: A comparative computational study
Authors: Chiremsel Rachid , Fourar Ali , Massouh Fawaz , Chiremsel Zakarya
Published: June 2021

The Reynolds–averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations were solved along with Reynolds stress model (RSM), to study the fully-developed unsteady and anisotropic single-phase turbulent flow in 90° bend pipe with circular cross-section. Two flow configurations are considered the first is without ribs and the second is with ribs attached to solid walls. The number of ribs is 14 ribs regularly placed along the straight pipe. The pitch ratios is 40 and the rib height e (mm) is 10% of the pipe diameter. Both bends have a curvature radius ratio, of 2.0. The solutions of these flows were obtained using the commercial CFD software Fluent at a Dean number range from 5000 to 40000. In order to validate the turbulence model, numerical simulations were compared with the existing experimental data. The results are found in good agreement with the literature data. After validation of the numerical strategy, the axial velocity distribution and the anisotropy of the Reynolds stresses at several downstream longitudinal locations were obtained in order to investigate the hydrodynamic developments of the analyzed flow. The results show that in the ribbed bend pipe, the maximum velocity value is approximately 47% higher than the corresponding upstream value but it is 9% higher in the case of the bend pipe without ribs. It was also found for both cases that the distribution of the mean axial velocity depends faintly on the Dean number. Finally, it can be seen that the analyzed flow in the bend pipe without ribs appears more anisotropic than in bend pipe with ribs.
An FEA based study of thermal behaviour of ultrasonically welded phosphor bronze sheets
Authors: Sanga Bharat , Wattal Reeta , Nagesh D. S.
Published: June 2021

The ultrasonic joining of phosphor bronze sheets is analyzed using a 3-D finite element model for the study and prediction of the thermal profiles at the weld interface. The heat fluxes are calculated and assigned as boundary conditions during the thermal simulation. The forecast of temperature is done under various welding conditions. The maximum temperature obtained by transient simulation at the weld interface is 366.74℃. The continuous reduction in the temperature is observed towards the extremes of the weld metal. The sonotrode and the anvil achieve a lower temperature in comparison to the weld interface. The effect of clamping force and bonding ratio on the interface temperature is observed as positive. The model is validated with an error of 1.576% between the observed and predicted temperature results and a correlation co-efficient 0.96 is established between the simulated temperature results and the weld strength. Sufficiently strong joints were obtained at the optimum welding conditions with 74% joint efficiency. It is evident that the interface temperature has a strong linear relationship with joint strength and is a major deciding factor for achieving strong joints.
Thermogravimetric mass spectrometry of lignin pyrolysis under the co-action of CaO and K2HPO4·3H2O
Authors: Chen Falin , Yao Jinfang , Lin Yuyu , Gu Mingyan , Li Shang
Published: June 2021

The pyrolysis processes of lignin under the action of CaO and K2HPO4·3H2O alone or in coordination were studied by thermogravimetric mass spectrometry (TG-MS). The experimental results showed that after addition of CaO, CaO immobilized the “CO2-like active intermediates” produced during lignin pyrolysis, which reduced the amount of CO2 emission in the first stage and lowered the temperature of CO2 emission in the second stage. After addition of K2HPO4·3H2O, lignin pyrolysis was remarkably advanced. K2HPO4·3H2O catalyzed methyl breakages in the first two pyrolysis stages, and it hindered the release of volatile matter in the third stage to promote the formation of more coke. K2HPO4·3H2O catalyzed the reactions toward formation of aromatic ring products and phenols. After addition of CaO and K2HPO4·3H2O, the initial pyrolysis stage was milder than that with K2HPO4·3H2O alone, and the weight loss peak was sharper in the second stage. In the pyrolysis stage, the trend of CH4, CO, M/Z = 46, toluene, and furfural emission showed that there was a synergistic effect between K2HPO4·3H2O and CaO.
Mild enzymatic treatment of bleached pulp for tissue production
Authors: Kmiotek Magdalena , Dybka-Stępień Katarzyna , Karmazyn Anna
Published: June 2021

Effects of cellulase enzymatic treatment followed by mechanical beating were evaluated relative to the properties of cellulase-derived tissue pulps and handsheets. When different cellulase concentrations (0.0012 FPU/g, 0.0018 FPU/g, and 0.0024 FPU/g) of oven dried pulp (a 65/35 w/w ratio of beech to eucalyptus) were used for tissue production, a slight deterioration of the morphological characteristics was observed. Thus, a possibility of controlling the changes in the degree of polymerization of cellulose, as well as the fiber properties (in particular the length and coarseness) appeared. With an increased treatment time and enzyme concentration, these effects increased. The enzyme activity did not affect the apparent density of the paper, but the porosity drastically increased. The zero-span strength of the enzymatically treated pulps decreased with an increase in treatment time and amount of cellulase. However, mechanical beating improved the bonding between the cellulase fibers, which helped prevent the eventual decrease in mechanical properties of the handsheets. With the use of cellulase, the proposed moderate changes to fiber structure were achieved, giving the possibility of predicting and controlling the properties of tissue paper.
Bioconversion of wood waste to bio-ethylene: A review
Authors: Mendieta Carolina Mónica , Cardozo Rocío Elizabet , Felissia Fernando Esteban , Clauser Nicolás Martín , Vallejos María Evangelina , Area María Cristina
Published: June 2021

Bio-based ethylene produced by bioethanol dehydration is an environmentally friendly substitute for oil-based ethylene. It is a low-pollution raw material that can be used to produce high-value bio-based materials. Currently, some industrial plants use first-generation (1G) bioethanol to produce bio-ethylene. However, second-generation (2G) bioethanol is not currently used to produce bio-ethylene because the manufacturing processes are not optimized. The conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to bio-ethylene involves pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates, the fermentation of sugars to ethanol, ethanol recovery by distillation, and ethanol dehydration to ethylene. This work presents a review of second-generation (2G) bio-ethylene production, analyzing the stages of the process, possible derivatives, uses, and applications. This review also contains technical, economic, and environmental considerations in the possible installation of a biorefinery in the northeast region of Argentina (NEA).
Ratchet effect in brownian photomotors: symmetry constraints and going beyond them
Authors:   Institute of Organic Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Dekhtyar M. L. , Rozenbaum V. M. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Shkoda N. G. ,   Chuiko Institute of Surface Chemistry of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Ikim M. I. ,   Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics RAS
Published: June 2021

The symmetry conditions have been derived for the occurrence of the ratchet effect in Brownian photomotors. To this end, spatiotemporal symmetry operations in vector transformations, coordinate and time shifts, and in the overdamped regime were applied to the average photomotor velocity taken as a functional of the coordinate- and time-dependent potential energy. As established, individual Brownian particles (molecules) can move directionally only provided a symmetrically distributed charge fluctuates in them and they are placed on the substrates with an antisymmetric charge distribution or, vice versa, they are characterized by antisymmetrically distributed charge fluctuations and are placed on symmetric substrates. The collective directed motion of orientation-averaged particles is possible only in the former case. If a particle charge distribution is described by a time dependence with the universal type of symmetry (i.e., simultaneously symmetric, antisymmetric, and shift-symmetric), an additional symmetry constraint on the ratchet functioning arises: the ratchet effect is ruled out in the overdamped regime but allowed for inertial moving particles if the charge distributions in both the particle and the substrate are neither symmetric nor antisymmetric. The effect of the universal type of symmetry is exemplified by dipole photomotors derived from donor-acceptor conjugated organic molecules. With a specific type of molecular photoexcitation and a specific relationship of the dipole moments in the ground and excited states, the ratchet effect becomes symmetry-forbidden. The forbiddenness can be removed by molecular polarization effects, which in this case become the predominant factor governing the direction of the motion and average velocity of photomotors. The estimated velocities of polarization photomotors are an order of magnitude larger than for known motor proteins and dipole Brownian photomotors. These results can be helpful in the purposeful molecular design of dipole photomotors.
Accountability social en Lima-Perú: la iniciativa Habla Castañeda
Authors: Farfán Adriana , Lovón Marco Antonio , Pflücker Carol
Published: June 2021

El mecanismo de accountability permite fortalecer la gestión del gobierno y legitimar la democracia en cualquier instancia. Para ello, es necesario que las diversas instituciones y la sociedad sean partícipes de este instrumento y que su aplicación garantice resultados positivos en el aparato estatal y no signifique un obstáculo burocrático. En esta investigación se estudia un caso de accountability social. Su objetivo es analizar el movimiento Habla Castañeda que se conoce como la primera demanda de rendición de cuentas en Lima y el Perú. Para ello, metodológicamente, se recurre a entrevistas a participantes del movimiento y a una encuesta a la ciudadanía con el fin de conocer las ventajas y desventajas de dicho procedimiento democrático. El trabajo concluye en resaltar la importancia de activar la interpelación de autoridades locales, pues sirven de base para otras iniciativas similares en el país, en la que se demanda transparencia.
Bakunin y la gestión pública
Authors: Roth André-Noël
Published: June 2021

¿Por qué leer a Bakunin hoy? ¿Puede la lectura de sus textos aportar algo a la reflexión política contemporánea? En particular, ¿puede significar algo la lectura de un pensador y activista político que pregona la supresión del Estado para pensar la gestión, la administración y las políticas públicas contemporáneas? Es a partir de estos interrogantes que quise orientar esta reflexión.
Vacca, G. (2020). (2020). Vida y pensamiento de Antonio Gramsci, 1926-1937 [Trad. A. J. Antón]. Madrid: Akal. 464 pp.
Authors: García Lozano Juan Carlos
Published: June 2021

Akal ha publicado en castellano el libro de Giuseppe Vacca, Vida y pensamiento de Antonio Gramsci, 1926-1937 (2020), el cual fue inicialmente publicado en italiano en el año 2012 gracias a la editorial Einaudi. Traducido por Antonio J. Antón Fernández, el libro presenta la propuesta del historiador Giuseppe Vacca sobre los años carcelarios de Antonio Gramsci desde su punto de vista personal y familiar. El autor lo hace a partir de decenas de cartas, ciertos textos anteriores a la cárcel, referencias bibliográficas y algunas citas precisas de los Cuadernos de la cárcel.
Cyclodextrin in starchy foods
Authors: Fenyvesi É. , Szente L.
Published: June 2021

Cyclodextrins are widely used in various fields including food industry. In this review, their role in high carbohydrate-containing, starchy foods are reviewed and discussed. Both the effects as functional ingredients affecting the structural properties of starch and as active ingredients slowing down starch digestion and, as a consequence, decreasing the glycaemic index of starchy foods are overviewed without considering the traditional applications as carriers and stabilisers of aroma and flavour, essential oils, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and other bioactive components to enrich foods, even if they are carbohydrate foods. The effect on starch metabolism is explained by the structural transformations caused by cyclodextrins on starch amylose and amylopectin. Several examples are shown how the technological and sensorial properties of bread, rice products, pasta, and other starchy foods are modified by cyclodextrin supplementation, and how the digestibility is changed resulting in reduced glycaemic and insulinaemic effects.
QoT AWARE LOAD BALANCING ROUTING IN MANET USING RELAY TYPE OF AMPLIFY AND FORWARD BASED COOPERATIVE COMMUNICATIONS
Authors: Binh Le Huu , Tu Vo Thanh , Tam Nguyen Van
Published: June 2021

In research topics to improve the performance of the mobile ad hoc networks (MANET), the load balancing routing has been attracted many research groups because it is an effective solution to reduce the traffic congestion. However, for the mesh topologies as MANET, the load balancing routing can decrease the Quality of Transmission (QoT) because some routes can pass through many intermediate nodes, especially in the case of MANET using the relay type of amplify and forward (AF) based cooperative communications, where the power of the noise signal can be amplified at intermediate nodes. In this paper, we focus on investigating the QoT in MANET using AF. Thence, a load balancing routing algorithm that takes account of the QoT is proposed in order to improve the network performance. Our evaluation by simulation method has showed that the proposed algorithm can improve the network performance in terms of the QoT, blocking probability of data packet, and network throughput compared with the original routing algorithms.
Manifestations of Chinese Development Aid and Its Hidden Meanings
Authors:   University of Łódź (Poland), Kobierecka Anna
Published: June 2021

The People’s Republic of China is one of the states focusing intensively on building its soft power and shaping its international image. However, China’s image is still negative and primarily based on stereotypes. In recent years, this country is willing to change such perceptions and present itself as an efficient, intensively developing, capable country that is much more than just a global production plant. The article aims to review China’s different manifestations of development aid regarding changing this type of public diplomacy and its meaning to the Chinese government. Is it only motivated by good intentions, or maybe its goal is to only provide an advantage to China? It is evident that owing to significant development, China needs to expand its economic contacts. However, the tested hypothesis states that behind Chinese development aid, political motivation is hidden as well. The research is based on content analysis of official documents and Foreign Ministry’s statements referring to development aid.
New hybrid simulation model for urban construction waste management: an empirical study
Authors: Ding Zhikun , Cao Xiaoyan , Shi Mengjie , Tam Vivian W Y , Illankoon I M Chethana S
Published: June 2021

China faces rapid urbanisation at present, which would lead to exponential increment in construction waste (CW) generation. CW management (CWM) therefore has become essential. Urban CWM depends on various policies, laws and micro- and macro-factors. This research study aims to propose a new hybrid simulation model for carrying out an in-depth analysis of urban CWM. The proposed hybrid simulation model integrates agent-based modelling, system dynamics and discrete-event simulation. The lean construction (LC) theory is also considered for source reduction in waste generation. This research study obtained waste-generation data from 51 newly built residential houses in Shenzhen, China. Researchers longitudinally compared waste management from two different processes of LC and traditional construction under the benchmark policy using the hybrid model. The simulation results show that the average landfill time of the LC waste-treatment process is about 17% shorter than that of traditional construction. Further, the treatment cost saves approximately US$56 100 and then additionally generates environmental benefits worth approximately US$0.429 million. This study reveals the dynamic principle through hybrid simulation, which provides scientific guides for relevant management departments or enterprises to control CW, design corresponding control measures and reduce illegal dumping.
Farklı derinlikteki damla sulama sistemleri ve farklı sulama suyu miktarlarının Pamuk solgunluk hastalığı (Verticillium dahliae Kleb.)’na etkisi
Authors: Üzen Neşe , Sağır Pınar
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışma, farklı derinlikteki üç farklı damla sulama sistemi (yüzey, yüzey altı 30 ve 40 cm) ve farklı sulama suyu miktarının (bitki su tüketiminin %125’i, %100’ü ve %75’i) pamuk solgunluk (Verticillium dahlia) hastalığına etkisini belirlemek amacıyla 2016-2017 yıllarında Diyarbakır’da yapılmıştır. İki yılın ortalama sonuçlarına göre, farklı derinlikteki damla sulama sistemleri ve farklı sulama suyu miktarlarına göre önemli farklılıklar bulunmuştur. En yüksek hastalık şiddeti (1.29) yüzey damla sulama sistemi uygulamasında ortaya çıkmıştır. En düşük hastalık şiddeti (0.88), yüzey altı damla sulama - 40 cm’den elde edilmiştir. Bunun yanında, sulama suyu miktarı arttıkça, hastalık şiddeti de artmıştır. Hastalık oranları göz önüne alındığında farklı damla sulama sistemleri arasında istatistiki açıdan önemli bir fark bulunmamıştır. Ancak, damla sulama sistemleri arasında en yüksek hastalık oranı değeri (%51.9) yüzey damla sulama sisteminin uygulandığı parsellerde gözlenmiştir. Sulama suyu miktarının artışıyla hastalık oranı da artmıştır. Sulama suyu miktarlarına göre pamuk solgunluğu hastalık şiddeti ve hastalık oranları, çalışmanın yürütüldüğü her iki yılda da istatistiki olarak önemli bulunmuştur. Çalışmada en yüksek hastalık oranı değeri (%72.6), bitki su tüketiminin %125’i oranında su miktarının uygulandığı parsellerden elde edilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda, hastalık etmeni ile bulaşık alanlarda Pamuk solgunluk hastalığının kontrolü için, yüzey altı damla sulama ve gerçek bitki su tüketimi miktarı kadar sulama suyu uygulanması gerektiği tespit edilmiştir.
Anthropocene Islands: Entangled Worlds
Authors: Pugh Jonathan , Chandler David
Published: June 2021

The island has become a key figure of the Anthropocene – an epoch in which human entanglements with nature come increasingly to the fore. For a long time, islands were romanticised or marginalised, seen as lacking modernity’s capacities for progress, vulnerable to the effects of catastrophic climate change and the afterlives of empire and coloniality. Today, however, the island is increasingly important for both policy-oriented and critical imaginaries that seek, more positively, to draw upon the island’s liminal and disruptive capacities, especially the relational entanglements and sensitivities its peoples and modes of life are said to exhibit. Anthropocene Islands: Entangled Worlds explores the significant and widespread shift to working with islands for the generation of new or alternative approaches to knowledge, critique and policy practices. It explains how contemporary Anthropocene thinking takes a particular interest in islands as ‘entangled worlds’, which break down the human/nature divide of modernity and enable the generation of new or alternative approaches to ways of being (ontology) and knowing (epistemology). The book draws out core analytics which have risen to prominence (Resilience, Patchworks, Correlation and Storiation) as contemporary policy makers, scholars, critical theorists, artists, poets and activists work with islands to move beyond the constraints of modern approaches. In doing so, it argues that engaging with islands has become increasingly important for the generation of some of the core frameworks of contemporary thinking and concludes with a new critical agenda for the Anthropocene.
Correlation: Registers of Change
Authors: Pugh Jonathan , Chandler David
Published: June 2021

Chapter 4 analyses how Correlation approaches maintain a knowing human subject and a world of patterned regularity amenable to policy intervention. Here, the island emerges as a ‘correlational technology’ where changes are seen as early indicators of climate change. Central however, is an (onto)epistemology of inter-relation and correlation rather than one of linear cause-and-effect: we move from a temporal and spatial line of movement to one of synchronicity. Correlational modes are deployed for sensing global warming, rising sea levels and other shifting planetary conditions. As islands are reinterpellated as ‘living laboratories’, the authors argue that the island is seen as enabling the generation of onto-epistemologies operating on correlative not causal principles. In addition to such correlational practices as the evolutionary patterns of island life, there is the widespread celebration of Indigenous islanders’ correlational abilities, useful in the ‘forecasting of extreme weather conditions’. Such approaches have received a high-tech boost in the Anthropocene, taking the algorithmic form of the, ‘if this … then that’ logic associated with Big Data, the Internet of Things and the trope of the ‘smart island’. Here, prolific use of Big Data combined with extensive networks of sensors or tracking social media on islands enables rapid policy responsiveness. The authors demonstrate how working with islands as sites for understanding relational entanglements and feedbacks plays an important role in the generation and exponential development of Correlational onto-epistemologies in broader Anthropocene thinking.
TÜRKİYE’DE GENÇ YETİŞKİNLERDE ZAMANA DAYALI EKSİK İSTİHDAMIN ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: DİKMEN Fatih Hakan
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye’de genç yetişkinler için zamana dayalı eksik istihdamın özelliklerini ve mevcut durumun temel karakteristiğini açıklamaktır. Bu amaçla Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) tarafından en son 2018’de yapılan Hanehalkı İşgücü Araştırması (HİA) mikro verileri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada genç yetişkinler olarak 19-30 yaş gurubu dikkate alınmış ve bu gruptaki eksik istihdamı ampirik olarak analiz edebilmek için standart probit modeli kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada bağımsız değişkenler olarak, cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi, firma büyüklüğü, sektör yapısı ve özellikleri, medeni durum ve çalışma şekli kullanılmıştır. Bununla beraber genç yetişkinlerin çalıştığı coğrafi bölgeler de kontrol edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde sonuçlara göre; kadınların, üniversite mezunlarına göre daha düşük eğitim seviyesine sahip olanların, orta ve büyük işletmelerde çalışanların ve kayıt dışı sektörde çalışanların baz kategorilerine göre eksik istihdamda bulunma olasılıkları daha yüksekken, evli ve eşinden ayrılmış /eşini kaybetmiş kadınların bekarlara göre eksik istihdamda bulunma olasılıkları daha düşüktür. Bununla birlikte, ücretsiz aile işçilerinin yevmiyeli çalışanlara göre eksik istihdamda olma olasılıkları daha yüksektir. Sektörler bazında incelendiğinde ise eğitim sektöründe çalışan genç yetişkinlerin eksik istihdamda bulunma olasılıkları diğer sektörlere göre daha yüksektir.
Une pédagogie innovante
Authors: CAIRA Déborah
Published: June 2021

L’augmentation des flux migratoires, en France, depuis les années 60, a amené notre pays à promouvoir une politique linguistique d’intégration à destination des migrants allophones. Pour répondre à cette demande, l’Éducation nationale a mis en place, en 2008, le dispositif « Ouvrir l’École aux Parents pour la Réussite des Enfants » (MEN, 2017). Il s’adresse aux familles les plus éloignées du système éducatif français. Ma contribution vise à rendre compte de cette initiative tout en soulevant quelques réflexions didactiques et pédagogiques afin de faciliter et encourager sa mise en place. L’enjeu de cet article est ainsi de répondre à la problématique suivante : comment favoriser l’apprentissage/acquisition du français par des adultes migrants allophones via un dispositif coéducatif ? En effet, outre l’intégration linguistique, c’est la réussite des élèves qui est en jeu et ce, par l’implication des parents dans la scolarité de leur enfant (Vatz-Laaroussi - al., 2005 ; Vatz-Laaroussi - Kanouté, 2013). La conduite de cette opération durant deux années consécutives m’a poussée à mettre en perspective les préconisations officielles au regard de la didactique des langues (Vigner, 2001 ; Adami, 2009). Cet article ambitionne ainsi de contribuer à une meilleure promotion de cette pédagogie dite « innovante » à destination des adultes migrants en faveur d’un partenariat famille-école au bénéfice de la réussite scolaire des élèves allophones (Manigand, 1993 ; Akinci, 2016).
Géneros pedagógicos en evaluaciones escritas de Biología e Historia en la Enseñanza Media
Authors: Müller Valeska
Published: June 2021

Este artículo de investigación presenta un análisis comparativo de los géneros pedagógicos de las áreas de Biología e Historia, producidos por estudiantes de dos niveles de enseñanza media (1° y 3° medio) en evaluaciones escritas. El concepto de género y la tipología en que se basa este estudio se fundamenta en el desarrollo sobre alfabetización impulsado por la Escuela de Sidney (Rose y Martin, 2012; Martin y Rose, 2008). Los resultados del análisis de las preguntas y respuestas obtenidas de 20 evaluaciones estudiantiles, muestran que en el área de Biología el género del reporte está presente en ambos niveles, así como las explicaciones secuenciales y factoriales, mientras que en el área de Historia los géneros pedagógicos se concentran en el relato histórico y en las explicaciones, que colaboran con la comprensión de procesos y que incorporan, ligeramente, la expresión de juicios y puntos de vista. Las diferencias en los géneros utilizados por los estudiantes reflejan de manera incipiente las distinciones entre estructuras del conocimiento científico y humanístico.
Niños y niñas escolarizadas según los libros de dos maestras argentinas, años 1930
Authors: Caldo Paula , Pellegrini-Malpiedi Micaela
Published: June 2021

Este artículo de investigación estudia cómo las maestras pensaron, definieron y (pre)escribieron acerca de sus alumnos (niños  y niñas). Para ello, desde el registro de la historia cultural usamos una metodología hermenéutica interpretativa, con el fin de leer críticamente los escritos de dos educacionistas argentinas, Olga Cossettini y Herminia Brumana. La primera, una exponente del escolanovismo; la segunda, una maestra crítica distinguida por su militancia anarco-socialista. Estas mujeres acometieron la tarea de hacer propuestas pedagógicas basadas en una infancia ponderada en la práctica y alternativa al normalismo hegemónico. Este artículo aporta en la línea de estudios que recuperan los saberes docentes en perspectiva de género, esperando mostrar como resultado la destreza de las maestras para proyectar aproximaciones teóricas y prescripciones sobre las prácticas, a partir de anclajes explicativos heterogéneos. Mientras que Cossettini postuló la infancia sensible y creativa del escolanovismo, Brumana contextualizó a sus alumnos desde una lectura en clave de clases sociales y enmarcada en el problema de la desigualdad.
La infancia en los relatos biográfico-narrativos de abuelos padres y nietos. Cambios y permanencias (1950-2020)
Authors: Posada Giraldo Diana María
Published: June 2021

El presente artículo de investigación explora los cambios y permanencias en las concepciones de infancia que emergen de los relatos biográfico-narrativos de abuelos, padres y nietos de diez tríadas intergeneracionales originarias del municipio antioqueño de El Carmen de Viboral, cuyas vidas transcurren entre la segunda mitad del siglo xx y las primeras dos décadas del siglo xxi. Los datos se produjeron mediante una combinación de entrevista narrativa y entrevista episódica; para el caso de los nietos entre los cinco y seis años se utilizó la conversación en un escenario de juego con la participación de las madres. Se empleó análisis de generaciones. Los hallazgos muestran el predominio de la infancia como experiencia, como espacio y temporalidad; asimismo, revelan tensiones entre la concepción de infancia moderna como etapa de desarrollo y el avance hacia la instalación de una concepción de infancia como sujeto de derechos que diezma el ejercicio del poder por parte de los adultos basado en el castigo y en el temor y que empodera a los niños y jóvenes como sujetos de saber.
El playground y las propuestas para la educación de los niños (desde la Infant School hasta el Parque Infantil, 1823-1935)
Authors: Kuhlmann Jr. Moysés
Published: June 2021

n la historia del playground, desde su desarrollo en los EE. UU., a fines del siglo XIX y principios del siglo XX, se han adoptado propuestas pedagógicas y de equipos que se refieren a dos instituciones educativas creadas en la primera mitad del siglo XIX, la Infant School inglesa y el kindergarten aleman. La iniciativa norteamericana se extendió en América Latina, como en México, Argentina, Uruguay y Brasil. En este artículo de  investigación histórica, analizamos las ideas sobre el playground defendidas por Samuel Wilderspin, responsable del movimiento de las Infant Schools en Inglaterra. Luego, se presentan algunas de las propuestas de la Playground Association of America e información sobre la difusión del playground en Latinoamérica. El texto analiza cómo las composiciones que llevaron a su implantación se produjeron a través de articulaciones enfocadas en políticas sociales que no se limitan a cuestiones pedagógicas, escolares, sino también referidas a la educación física, el urbanismo y la higiene. Consideradas muchas veces como propuestas restringidas a la educación física, orientadas a las prácticas deportivas, gimnásticas y de recreación, estas instituciones componían propuestas de educación integral, involucrando diferentes dimensiones. Se identifican diferencias entre países, que se deben a los contextos en los que se apropiaron las propuestas, como en el caso del Parque Infantil y otras variantes de la institución en Brasil y las Plazas de Deportes en Escuelas al Aire Libre en Uruguay. Las confluencias y distancias en la historia de estas instituciones a lo largo de América Latina constituyen un fértil campo de investigación por explorar.
A MOOC-based Flipped Classroom Model: Reflecting on pre-service English language teachers’ experience and perceptions
Authors: YAŞAR Muhammed Özgür , POLAT Mustafa
Published: June 2021

The flipped classroom (FC) model has recently gained an increasing interest in higher education. Similarly, Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) have attracted international attention in the literature. However, a review of previous studies suggests that although a MOOC-based FC model have often been advocated in theory, it has consistently been disregarded in practice. Therefore, the main significance of this study lies in its implementation of a MOOC-based FC model in an English Language Teaching (ELT) program for pre-service English language teachers for the first time in a Turkish context, and possibly in the literature. Moreover, the study explores their perceptions of a MOOC-based FC model and its effects on their academic achievement. In this regard, the study provides an exciting opportunity to advance our knowledge of the MOOC-based FC model in teacher education, especially in the field of ELT. The study took place at a state university in Turkey with 27 pre-service English language teachers in the 2019-2020 academic year. The methodological approach adopted in this study was a mixed-methods research design, benefiting from both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. It followed a pre-experimental research design, involving the One-Group Pre-test - Post-test Design. A four-week intervention of MOOC-based FC implementation took place between the pre-test and the post-test. Taking the findings of this study into account, some stakeholders, e.g., educators, teacher trainers, policymakers, administrators, other professionals might consider integrating a MOOC-based FC model into their traditional classroom settings or creating a blended course that incorporates a MOOC into their existing face-to-face programs.
Social Information Processing in Preschool Children: Relations to Social Interaction
Authors: ŞENOL Fatma Betül , METİN Emine
Published: June 2021

The Social Information Processing Process Model consists of organizing the social adaptation and behavior of children in line with their responses to the social situations they encounter with their peers in their daily lives. The Social Information Processing Model affects children's ability to interact with their peers, their level of interaction, and provides information about the structure of interaction. In this direction, it was aimed to examine the relationship between social information processing and social interaction skills of 60-72 month-old children. The study was designed in relational screening model. The study group of the research consisted of 250 children, between 60 - 72 months, with normal development in the fall semester of the 2020-2021 academic year. The Social Information Processing Interview–Preschool Version and Children's Interaction Rating Scale were used as data collection tools in the study. The data were collected by reading stories with children, asking questions about the story and observation. Since no normal distribution was observed in the analysis of the data, Spearman's Rank-Order Correlation Test was used. As a result of the study, there was a statistically significant and positive relationship between "interpretation, response diversification, response decision", which were sub-dimensions of Social Information Processing Interview and "cooperation, self-control, assertiveness”, sub-dimensions of the Interaction Rating Scale for Children. This situation can be evaluated as children who make positive comments in social situations they encounter, who create positive reactions and react positively, are more cooperative in the context of social interaction, have a strong sense of self-control, and their assertiveness skills are high.
Investigation of Classroom Teachers' Views towards Innovative Pedagogical Practices
Authors: SÜER Sedef , ORAL Behçet
Published: June 2021

The 21st century requires different and innovative ways of teaching compared to the previous century. As a result, a new and current educational approach called innovative pedagogy comes out as an issue. This study aims to investigate classroom teachers’ innovative pedagogical practices with different variables, as well as the contributing or deteriorating factors that affect the relevant processes. The study was designed based on the descriptive survey method in which quantitative and qualitative data were used. The Innovative Pedagogical Practices Scale for Teachers was applied to 961 classroom teachers and the obtained data were analysed with descriptive statistics and parametric tests. Then an interview form was prepared and 30 classroom teachers were asked to fill the form. The obtained data analysed with the descriptive analysis method. The findings showed that classroom teachers frequently use innovative pedagogical practices in their classrooms to fulfil the requirement of the learner-centred educational approach. Besides, teachers’ participation in professional courses, the number of scientific events attended and the type of books teachers read were determined to be contributing variables for teachers to implement innovative pedagogical practices. However, the teachers faced such problems as the intensity of curriculum, equipment, and technical deficiencies and inadequate readiness level of students.
How bad is the mere presence of a phone? A replication of Przybylski and Weinstein (2013) and an extension to creativity, PLoS ONE 16(6), 2021 v1
Authors: Linares Claire , Sellier Anne-Laure
Published: June 2021

A 2013 article reported two experiments suggesting that the mere presence of a cellphone (vs. a notebook) can impair the relationship quality between strangers. The purpose of the present research is twofold: (1) closely replicate this article’s findings, and (2) examine whether there may be an impact of the mere presence of a phone on creativity, whether at a group- or an individual- level. In two experiments (N = 356 participants, 136 groups), we followed the original procedure in the 2013 article. In particular, groups of participants who had never seen each other before the study had a conversation in the mere presence of either a smartphone or a notebook. The participants then carried out creative tasks, in groups (Studies 1 and 2) or alone (Study 1). In both studies, we failed to replicate the original results on relationship quality. We also failed to find any effect of the mere presence of a phone on creativity. We discuss possible reasons which may have caused differences between our results and the original ones. Our main conclusion is an effect of the mere presence of a phone on relationship quality and creativity is at minimum harder to find than what was previously assumed in the literature. More generally, this research contributes to qualify the view that smartphones are harmful.
Bioluminescence-based 24 well plate assay for screening fungi for activity against Mycobacterium abscessus v1
Authors: Wiles Siouxsie , Grey Alex
Published: June 2021

There is a real and urgent need for new antibiotics which are able to kill Mycobacteria. This group of bacteria includesMycobacterium tuberculosis, a deadly human pathogen that latently infects a third of the world’s population. Multi-drug resistant (MDR) and totally-drug resistant (TDR) isolates have also now evolved. Of increasing importance in many countries are the Non-Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM), mycobacterial species which are common soil and water contaminants. Many NTM are able to cause chronic lung and skin and soft tissue infections, especially in patients with suppressed immune systems. One example are members of the Mycobacterium abscessus complex. M. abscessus infections are difficult to treat due to antibiotic resistance and new compounds that target this group are much needed. Because of the slow growth of many mycobacterial species, we routinely use luciferase-tagged strains1 for our assays. As bacteria only produce light when alive, bioluminescence is an excellent non-destructive real-time reporter to assay for anti-mycobacterial activity in microtitre plate formats using a luminometer2-4or in vivo using sensitive imaging equipment.5 In this protocol, we describe a luminescence-based 24-well plate assay for medium-throughput screening of fungal isolates grown on a variety of media for anti-mycobacterial activity against M. abscessus. References: Andreu N, Zelmer A, Fletcher T, Elkington PT, Ward TH, Ripoll J, Parish T, Bancroft GJ, Schaible UE, Robertson BD, Wiles S (2010). Optimisation of bioluminescent reporters for use with Mycobacteria. PLOS One. 5(5):e10777 (doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010777). Andreu N, Fletcher T, Krishnan N, Wiles S, Robertson BD (2012). Rapid measurement of antituberculosis drug activity in vitro and in macrophages using bioluminescence. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 67(2): 404-14 (doi: 10.1093/jac/dkr472). Dalton JP, Uy B, Phummarin N, Copp BR, Denny WA, Crosier PS, Swift S, Wiles S (2016). Effect of common and experimental anti-tuberculosis treatments on Mycobacterium tuberculosis growing as biofilms. PeerJ. 4:e2717 (doi: 10.7717/peerj.2717). Dalton JP, Uy B, Okuda K, Hall CJ, Denny WA, Crosier PS, Swift S, Wiles S (2017).Screening of anti-mycobacterial compounds in a naturally infected zebrafish embryo model. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 72(2):421-427 (doi: 10.1093/jac/dkw421). Andreu N, Zelmer A, Sampson SL, Ikeh M, Bancroft GJ, Schaible UE, Wiles S, Robertson BD (2013). Rapid in vivo assessment of drug efficacy against Mycobacterium tuberculosis using an improved firefly luciferase. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 68(9):2118-27 (doi: 10.1093/jac/dkt155).
Tranexamic acid for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in women undergoing cesarean delivery: an updated meta-analysis v1
Authors: Bellos Ioannis
Published: June 2021

Postpartum hemorrhage represents a major complication of cesarean delivery, leading to significant rates of maternal morbidity and mortality. Previous meta-analyses have provided inconclusive evidence regarding the clinical utility of tranexamic acid therapy prior to caesarean delivery due to methodological limitations of studies and lack of follow-up for thromboembolic events. The present meta-analysis aims to accumulate current literature knowledge in the field and provide an updated synthesis of evidence concerning the efficacy and safety of prophylactic tranexamic acid for the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in women undergoing cesarean delivery. Medline, Scopus, CENTRAL, Web of Science and Clinicaltrials.gov will be systematically searched from inception. Women undergoing cesarean delivery receiving standard uterotonic agent prophylaxis and tranexamic acid or placebo will be comapred in terms of postoperative blood loss (in ml), blood loss >1000 ml, red-cell transfusion, number of red-cell units transfused, hemoglobin and hematocrit decrease, additional administration of uterotonic agents, thromboembolic events. Only randomized controlled trials will be included. A random-effects model using restricted maximum likelihood will be fitted in order to provide pooled estimates of odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals.
POST-TRUTH ÇAĞINDA GERÇEKLİĞİN SOSYAL İNŞASINA SOSYOLOJİK BİR BAKIŞ
Authors: Çelik Nuriye
Published: June 2021

Post-truth, Oxford Sözlüğü tarafından 2016’da yılın kelimesi olarak ilan edilmesinden sonra fazlaca görünürlük kazanan ve fakat öncesinde de üzerine bir hayli akademik çalışma yapılmış bir kavramdır. Bu kavram, hem hakikat ötesi anlamında sahte habercilik (fake news) temelinde iletişim çalışmalarına hem popülist siyasi söylemlerde kullanılması bakımından siyaset alanına, hem de hakikatin önemsizleşmesi bakımından felsefe ve sosyoloji tartışmalarına dahil olmuştur.
Bu çalışma postmodern çağda anlamını yitiren pek çok kavram gibi, gerçekliğin de postmodernizmin bir ürünü olan post-truth çağında nasıl üretilen ve inşa edilen bir algıya dönüştüğünü sorgulamayı amaçlar. Bunu yaparken gerçeklik gibi geniş bir literatüre sahip olan bir çalışma alanını, birey ve toplum ilişkisi çerçevesinde sınırlandırarak sosyolojik bir bakışla somutlaştırmayı hedeflemekteyiz. Ardından sosyal inşacılık kuramı ortaya koyularak, post-truth ile ilişkisinin çözümlenmesi gerçekleştirilecektir. Çalışma post-truth kavramına karşı sosyal bilimcilerin yürütmesi bir gereken bir mücadele olup olmadığı sorgulaması ile sonlandırılmıştır. Post-truth tek başına aniden gerçekliğin ve doğru bilginin değer kaybetmesi değil, postmodern sürecin yarattığı bireyin akıl ile duyguları arasındaki mücadelesinin bir sonucudur. Kavramla mücadeleye girişmeden önce, onun sosyolojik etkilerini de tartışmak gerektiğini ve bu çalışmanın bu tartışmalara katkı sağlayacağını düşünmekteyiz.
Extraterritoriality in Private International Law
Authors: Terenteva L. V.
Published: June 2021

The paper questions the extraterritorial nature of foreign private law applied by the national law enforcement body in the regulation of cross-border private law relations. In view of the use of common terms “exterritorial” and “extraterritorial” in the framework of international public and private law regulation, it seems necessary to study the extraterritorial effect of foreign private law provisions through the prism of the substantive characteristics of extraterritoriality, formulated in the context of public international law. To this end, the author refers to the definition of extraterritorial jurisdiction as an international legal category and raises the question of how appropriate it is to admit, within the framework of a single definition, “extraterritorial” both the presence and absence of the manifestation of the sovereign will of the state on the territory of which any of the types of jurisdiction of a foreign state is exercised. Taking into account that the manifestation of the extraterritorial jurisdiction of one state in relation to another is realized in the absence of the latter’s sanction for its implementation, the author debates the admissibility of designation as extraterritorial foreign private law, the admissibility and limits of application of which are sanctioned by the national state.
Cervical tracheal resection without intubation
Authors: Akopov A A , Kovalev M G
Published: June 2021

Aim. To present the experience in a new approach for the surgical treatment of cicatricial cervical tracheal stenosis tracheal resection without using an endotracheal tube.

Methods. The technique includes preliminary metal stent placement instead of bougienage in the stenosis zone; introduction of the supraglottic airway device I-Gel instead of the endotracheal tube and; jet ventilation through the supraglottic airway device. The stent is removed together with the resected trachea. The technique of cervical tracheal resection using the supraglottic airway device was implemented in 22 patients with cicatricial tracheal stenosis.

Results. The resection length ranged from 15 to 45 mm (on average, 273 mm). The duration of surgical interventions ranged from 65 to 180 minutes (on average, 1099 minutes). Preliminary stenting excluded preoperative bougienage of the trachea and facilitated intraoperative assessment of the extent of the stenosis. The absence of an endotracheal tube facilitated the formation of anastomosis of the trachea, eliminated the risk of trauma to the anastomosis during tube removal. There were no complications in the early postoperative period. The length of postoperative hospital stay ranged from10 to 14 days (on average, 122 days). No restenosis was detected at long term follow-up.

Conclusion. Performing tracheal resection without intubation allows the surgeon to work comfortably, observing the safety conditions for ensuring airway patency throughout the operation by installing a supraglottic airway device.
ÂDİYÂT SÛRESİNİ ANLAMA VE ANLAMLANDIRMA ÜZERİNE MÜLAHAZALAR
Authors: IŞIK Şemsettin
Published: June 2021

Yüce Allah, Kur’ân-ı Kerîm vasıtasıyla yeryüzünde yaşayan kullarına son bir çağrı daha yapmıştır. Böylece daha önceki kitaplardan geriye kalan kısımlarda yer alan bilgilerin doğruları tasdik, hatalı kısımları tashîh edilmiş ve ihtilaflı hususlar da karara bağlanmıştır. Akabinde geçmişe dair haberlerinden alınması gereken derslere ve gelecekte karşılaşılacak problemlerden çıkış yollarına dair uyarılarda bulunulmuştur. Onun bu özelliğinden dolayı her dönemde âyetlerin anlaşılması ve onlardan hâsıl olan mesajlar eşliğinde hayatın anlamlandırılması için azami derecede gayretler sarf edilmiştir. Bu sayede, vahyin ilk muhataplardan itibaren süregelen çalışmalar neticesinde muazzam bir tefsir mirası meydana gelmiştir. Bu birikim, bir taraftan Kur’an-ı Kerim’i anlamayı kolaylaştırırken, diğer taraftan da zamanla üzerinde yeniden düşünmeye lüzum hissedilmeyen yegâne doğrular gibi anlaşılmaya başlamış ve zamanla büyük bir oranda kabul görür olmuştur. Bu da bazı ayet ve sûrelerin anlaşılması ve yorumlanmasında durağanlaşmaya ve verdiği mesajların belirli bir zaman ve olaylara hasredilip dondurulmasına yol açmıştır. Hâlbuki Kur’ân-ı Kerîm’in kıyamete kadar gelecek olan muhataplarına söyleyecek sözünün olduğu, herkes tarafından bilinen bir gerçektir. Buradan hareketle aynı şekilde Âdiyât sûresinin de düne, bugüne ve yarına söyleyecek sözü ve verecek mesajı olduğunda şüphe yoktur. Bundan dolayı geçmişte yapılan çalışmaları dikkate alıp, söz konusu sûrenin âyetlerinde yer alan orijinal yapıyı ve bağlam bütünlüğünü göz önünde tutan bir anlama ve anlamlandırma çalışmasında bulunmak ve akabinde bir meâl çalışması sunmak istedim. Bu da yapılagelen çalışmalara bir katkı sağlayacaktır.
Editorial: Who Knew?
Authors: Kazer Meredith Wallace
Published: June 2021

No abstract available.