bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Social Semiotics as Appliable Semiotics
Authors: Delu Zhang
Published: May 2014

Along with the development of semiotic theories by Saussure and Peirce, there emerged another branch of semiotics, social semiotics, in the last few decades. In a way, it is a natural development of general semiotics, and is complementary with it. In contrast to general semiotics, it focuses on parole and the application of the semiotic theories to other fields. In the present article, it shows its features different from the Saussurian and Peircian semiotics,traces its path of development and proposes six characteristics which characterize it as appliable semiotics; social in nature, practical in orientation, resource for meaning-making, cross-discipline, variable and changeable, and multimodal. As appliable semiotics, social semiotics works with the following four aspects; resources for social interactions, liability to change along with the change of contexts, following certain semiotic principles, and performing two major functions; representational and interactional. The result of the application of social semiotics is multimodal discourses, whose areas of research include the following four aspects; discourse and social practice, genre, style and modality. Multimodal discourses are coherent in terms of the following four aspects; rhythm, composition, information-linking and dialogue. Finally, a relative comprehensive theoretical framework of social semiotics as appliable semiotics is designed and presented.
Cognitive Semiotics and Cognitive Linguistics
Authors: Guo Hong
Published: May 2014

Peircean semiotics is a cognitive science, namely, a cognitive semiotics. The current cognitive linguistics is a branch of cognitive semiotics, the application, embodiment and, in a sense, development of its fundamental theories, thus serving as a great propelling force in developing disciplines of modem linguistics. Cognitive linguistics, following the philosophical tradition of Peircean semiotics, belongs to the trend of thought of scientism of contemporary western philosophy and to the type of linguistic science of studying the physiological and psychological activities of language from the intraorganic point of view.
Philosophy and the Borders of Semiotics: from Aristotle to Husserl
Authors: Magoulas Charalampos
Published: May 2014

The exploration of the modification of signifieds, which interpret human activities, social phenomena and the dialectics between them, has as indispensable presupposition the acceptation on a methodological level of the process of transformation of three necessary elements (thought, semiosis, world) for the perception and ontological identification of physical entities or cultural objects. The phenomenological theory of the beginning of the 20th century seems to consolidate this acceptation and, at the same time, refute it. According to this philosophy, it is very important for one to know the structure of the action of "taking into consideration of something". This structure is perceptible if, free from theoretical schemes of interpretation and bias, one examines what is revealed by itself. This principle seems to contradict a possible theory of semiotics, which intends to define the borders of semiotics by exploring the evolution of phenomena, concepts and interpretations. Notwithstanding, Husserl, citing Franz Brentano's term intentionality, speaks of the extensive character of the conscience, which is not defined as an interior sealed space, but as a flux of experiences, opened towards the world. This paper aims at questioning the term intentionality and its importance for a theory on the borders of semiotics by evoking the example of Aristotle's terms synonymy and homonymy.
Female adolescents’ perspective about reproductive health education needs: a mixed methods study with explanatory sequential design
Authors: Shahhosseini Zohreh , Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab
Published: May 2014

Background: One of the most important and basic needs of adolescent girls is reproductive health services and education, which is different from that required by adults.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine reproductive health education needs from the perspective of adolescent girls living in urban and rural areas, as well as to explore adolescents’ understanding of reproductive health needs.

Subjects: The first phase was a cross-sectional study conducted on 1274 female adolescents. In the second phase, 77 girls in the form of 11 groups participated in focused group discussions.

Methods: This sequential explanatory mixed methods study using follow-up variants was conducted in two phases. Questionnaires, including items on socio-demographic characteristics and reproductive health needs from adolescents’ perspectives, were completed using the self-administered method.

Results: The quantitative results of the study revealed city and village girls’ perspectives on reproductive health education needs. These results showed that village adolescents were nearly 1.5–2 times more in favor of a same sex counselor, reproductive health group education, and the need for sexual health education than city adolescents. A review of the transcripts of the qualitative phase led to the extraction of two themes including the characteristics of the reproductive health educator and priorities of reproductive health education, which explains the adolescent girls’ understanding of reproductive health education needs.

Conclusion: The findings of this study confirm the importance of determining reproductive health education needs from the perspective of adolescent girls. The present study shows how a sequential mixed design can be used for a better understanding of reproductive health needs of adolescent girls. The results of this study can be used in health research, education, policy making, and planning associated with adolescent health.
Nutrition and physical activity during the transition from adolescence to adulthood: further research is warranted
Authors: Diehl Katharina , Hilger Jennifer
Published: May 2014

The transition from adolescence to adulthood is associated with many physical, social, and psychological changes. In addition, adolescents also have to deal with structural changes. An example of one such structural change is the transition from school to university or to other vocational establishments. Structural changes can also entail changes in overall framework conditions and daily life patterns and thus also in dietary habits and physical activity levels. The aim of the present paper was to draw attention to the research deficit in this area with the help of the results of our analyses. The results show that significant changes take place as a consequence of the transition from school to a vocational establishment. However, our analyses could not identify the exact catalysts and the time framework of these changes. In this respect, further research is urgently warranted.
Oxydehydrogenation of Ethylbenzene to Styrene: Membrane Reactor Analysis and Design
Authors: Bachiller Alicia , Ardissone Daniel , Castro Luna Adolfo E. , Iriarte M. Elena
Published: May 2014

The preliminary design of shell-and-tubes membrane reactor for oxidative dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene on a P–O–Ni–Mn/alumina catalyst (on an industrial scale) is presented. A one-dimensional pseudo-homogeneous model is used. The membrane is an inorganic and non-perm-selective one; nevertheless, it enables an oxygen flow high enough to ensure the progress of the reaction. The influence of different disturbances (feed composition, pressure and temperature) on the evolution of conversion of ethylbenzene and selectivity to styrene is analyzed. Membrane reactor allows achieving high selectivity to styrene and moderate conversion of ethylbenzene, keeping a low oxygen concentration on the reaction side. Styrene production overcomes the expected amount to carry out the design.
Methanol Electrooxidation Study on Mesoporous Silica Supported Pt–Co Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Anode
Authors: Kivrak Hilal , Can Mukaddes , Duru Hatice , Sahin Ozlem
Published: May 2014

At present, Pt was impregnated by incipient wetness impregnation method on Co-doped SBA-15 catalysts prepared by sol-gel method at different weight percentages of Co to investigate the effect of Pt:Co ratio on methanol electrooxidation reaction (MOR). Cyclic voltammetry (CV), chronoamperometry (CA), and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) techniques were employed to examine the MOR activities, poisoning capacity, and stability of these Pt/SBA-15 and Pt–Co/SBA-15 catalysts. Co presence in the platinum structure enhances the electrocatalytic activity of MOR, due to oxidation of Co at relatively low positive potentials. CV and CA measurements indicated that the most active catalyst was Pt–Co (86:14)/SBA-15 catalyst for MOR. Stability and poisoning measurements revealed that Co presence in the catalyst increases CO poisoning resistance and its stability, in agreement with CV and CA measurements.
Crystal structure of poly[bis(isothiocyanato-κN)bis[,2-1,2-bis(1,2,4- triazol-4-yl)ethane-κ2N:N'] manganese(II)], C14H16MnN14S2
Authors: Zhu Xia , Guo Ying , Li Jian-Gang
Published: May 2014

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How Reliable are the Results? Comparing Corpus-Based Studies of the Present Perfect
Authors: Schlüter Norbert
Published: May 2014

The number of linguistic analyses conducted on the basis of authentic language corpora has steadily grown during the last decades. The aim of this paper is to investigate the reliability of individual corpus-based studies by comparing them to studies covering similar or identical grounds. As the subject of investigation the present perfect has been chosen. Ten major corpus-based studies of the present perfect will be surveyed focussing on three main aspects: the frequency of present perfect verb phrases, the temporal specification of utterances in the present perfect and the functions assigned to present perfect constructions.
How Random is a Corpus? The Library Metaphor
Authors: Evert Stefan
Published: May 2014

There is a stark contrast between the random sample model underlying the statistical analysis of corpus frequency data and our intuitive knowledge that sentences are more than random bags of words. The 'library metaphor' illustrates how randomness results from the selection of a corpus as the basis for a linguistic study. At the same time it reveals two reasons why corpus data do not fully meet the assumptions of the random sample model. Finally, practicable methods for identifying and quantifying non-randomness are introduced and demonstrated on the example of passive verb forms.
Structure and magnetic properties of 4H-SrMnO3-δ(δ=0.0 and 0.18) nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition of appropriate precursor
Authors: Parras M. , González-Jiménez I. N. , Torres-Pardo A. , Sánchez-Pelaez A. E. , Gutiérrez A. , García-Hernández M. , González-Calbet J. M. , Varela A.
Published: May 2014

Stoichiometric 4H-SrMnO3.0 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesized for the first time from thermal decomposition of a new heterometallic precursor [SrMn(edta)(H2O)5]·3/2H2O. From this precursor, highly homogeneous 4H-SrMnO3.0 nanoparticles with average particle size 70 nm are obtained. Local structural information, provided by atomically-resolved microscopy techniques, shows that 4H-SrMnO3.0 nanoparticles exhibit the same general structural features than the bulk material, although structural disorder, due to edge-dislocations, is observed. The nanometric size of particles enables a topotactic reduction process at low temperature stabilizing a metastable 4H-SrMnO2.82 phase. The oxygen deficiency is accommodated through extra cubic layers breaking the …hchc… 4H-sequence. These defect areas are Mn3+ rich as evidenced by high energy resolution EELS data. Magnetic characterization of nano-4H-SrMnO3-δ shows significant variations with respect to the bulk material.
Borders and lines
Authors: McColl Robert
Published: May 2014

In ‘Borders and lines: seeing and imaging in Dylan’, I expound on a contrast in Dylan’s work between a passive, static imaging, and an active, ephemeral seeing. Drawing on three examples, ‘Idiot Wind’, ‘Girl from the North Country’ and ‘Down the Highway’, I show that, while each song is wary of the encapsulation of image, ‘Idiot Wind’ attempts, in Ginsberg’s terms, to ‘exorcise’ it, while the earlier songs favour discontinuation, hence their economy. This also has ramifications for how Dylan depicts America. Relating the enclosure of the page to the enclosure of nation (‘Borders and Lines’), I argue that Dylan typically resists such prescriptions, via an emphasis on seeing out, rather than in or over.
Bob Dylan
Authors: Browning Gary
Published: May 2014

To talk of the influences on or the influence of Bob Dylan is to talk of what is manifestly significant. However, the notion of influence is controversial. Dylan himself appreciates its complexities. He has admitted his influences and praised past figures, and yet he has fashioned an identity of the ever-changing individualist who resists labelling. In this article, theorists of influence are reviewed so as to appraise how influence might be taken. Subsequently Dylan’s unacknowledged use of others’ material and the impact of musical traditions and popular movements on his work are reviewed. Influence is seen to be a key to opening up the complex identities within Dylan’s work.
Consequências da gravidez na adolescência para as meninas considerando-se as diferenças socioeconômicas entre elas
Authors: Taborda Joseane Adriana , Silva Francisca Cardoso da , Ulbricht Leandra , Neves Eduardo Borba
Published: May 2014

Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar e analisar as consequências objetivas e subjetivas de uma gravidez em adolescentes, considerando-se as diferenças socioeconômicas entre elas. Foi realizado um estudo exploratório, qualitativo, com 20 adolescentes que deram à luz entre junho de 2009 a junho de 2010. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi elaborado na forma de uma entrevista semiestruturada e para a verificação dos dados utilizou-se a análise de conteúdo. Entre os resultados observou-se que, apesar de as famílias com renda mais baixa terem em um primeiro momento aceitado melhor a gravidez, o maior impacto também ocorreu entre estas famílias, principalmente quanto ao adiamento ou comprometimento dos projetos educacionais, menor chance de qualificação profissional e dependência financeira absoluta da família. Os métodos contraceptivos eram conhecidos, mas não utilizados, o que demonstra o desafio de alcançar estratégias de prevenção para este público-alvo, com o qual os programas desenvolvidos, além de informativos, devem abordar as vivências emocionais, sociais e culturais.
Qualidade da dieta e fatores associados em crianças matriculadas em uma escola municipal de Itajaí, Santa Catarina
Authors: Momm Nayara , Höfelmann Doroteia Aparecida
Published: May 2014

O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade da alimentação e fatores associados em escolares do primeiro ao quinto ano de uma escola municipal de Itajaí, Santa Catarina. A qualidade da dieta foi analisada por meio de um índice que conferia pontuação a cada item alimentar conforme sua frequência de consumo. Variáveis socioeconômicas, demográficas e comportamentos relacionados à saúde foram identificados por questionário. Foram calculadas razões de prevalência (RP) brutas e ajustadas, e respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%) por meio da Regressão de Poisson. Avaliaram-se 523 crianças (88,9% da amostra calculada), 52,6% (IC95%: 48,3-56,9%) tiveram sua dieta classificada como inadequada, com pontuação média de 6,97, variando de -9 a +17 pontos. O sexo feminino (RP=0,81, IC95%: 0,66-0,98) e a menor escolaridade (RP=1,35, IC95%: 1,04-1,75) do responsável estiveram associados ao desfecho. Crianças com obesidade abdominal e que realizavam refeições em frente à televisão tiveram dieta de pior qualidade. Sabe-se que o consumo alimentar em frente à televisão é associado a maiores volumes de ingestão. Variáveis infantis e do responsável estiveram relacionadas à pior qualidade da alimentação. Desta forma, atividades para melhorar a qualidade da dieta devem envolver crianças e seus cuidadores.
Escolha da via de parto pela mulher: autonomia ou indução?
Authors: Weidle Welder Geison , Medeiros Cássia Regina Gotler , Grave Magali Teresinha Quevedo , Dal Bosco Simone Morelo
Published: May 2014

Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção e preferência de gestantes e puérperas sobre o parto vaginal e cesáreo. Pesquisa transversal, de caráter exploratório, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, ocorrida em quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBSs) de um município de pequeno porte do Vale do Taquari. A amostra foi composta por 81 gestantes, o que significa 20,88% dos nascimentos anuais, e 28,72% das gestantes cadastradas no Sistema de Informações do Programa de Humanização do Pré-Natal e Nascimento do Ministério da Saúde (SISPRENATAL); destas, 75% (n=61) preferem o parto vaginal e 25% (n=20), o parto abdominal. Estes dados indicam que a preferência referida pelas gestantes não influencia no tipo de parto realizado, pois o índice de cesáreas do município em questão é de 89%. Foram entrevistadas três puérperas que realizaram partos abdominais e na concepção destas o parto vaginal oferece mais risco na parturição. Conclui-se que a humanização da atenção no pré-natal e ao parto, com indicação médica baseada em evidências, pode contribuir para a redução do percentual de cesarianas, pois o estudo mostra que estas não têm ocorrido, na maioria das vezes, por escolha da mulher.
Analysis of oral health indicators of Pernambuco: performance of cities according to size population, population enrolled in the Information System for Primary Care and proportion in the Family Health Strategy
Authors: Pimentel Fernando Castim , Albuquerque Paulette Cavalcanti de , Martelli Petrônio José de Lima , Acioli Raquel Moura Lins , Souza Wayner Vieira de
Published: May 2014

This study aimed to analyze the oral health care in the state of Pernambuco, from its indicators, according to variable population size, proportion of the population registered teams and the relationship between family health and oral health teams. For this, we used secondary data obtained from the Outpatient Information System (SIA/SUS), National Registry of Health (CNES) and Information System of Primary Care (SIAB), using the ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test for data analysis. The results showed that the population size of cities has shown to be related to the performance of some indicators: large cities had lower values for proportion of tooth extractions (p=0,0006). The organization of oral health teams was another aspect discussed in this study, noting that the greater the coverage and when the relationship between the teams was 1:1, the indicators were more favorable for the first dental visit, supervised brushing, average number of procedures and proportion of individual dental extractions, all show significant differences (p<0,05). Thus, it can be concluded that demographics, coverage of the strategy and proportional relationship teams influence the performance of oral health indicators in municipalities in the state of Pernambuco.
Práticas de longitudinalidade no âmbito da Estratégia Saúde da Família no Distrito Federal
Authors: Arce Vladimir Andrei Rodrigues , Sousa Maria Fátima de
Published: May 2014

Este artigo tem como objetivo conhecer as práticas de saúde voltadas para a garantia da longitudinalidade referidas por profissionais e gestores locais das equipes de Saúde da Família do Distrito Federal, analisando-as em relação às dimensões desse atributo. Trata-se de estudo no qual foram realizadas entrevistas individuais e grupo focal com os sujeitos da pesquisa, e posteriormente foi realizada análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo. Observou-se que as dimensões Fonte regular de cuidados e Relação interpessoal estão presentes nos discursos dos sujeitos, evidenciando mecanismos adotados por eles para garantir a continuidade do cuidado. Entretanto as equipes devem ampliar o campo em que desenvolvem seus processos de trabalho, de modo que efetivamente construam práticas de saúde enquanto práticas sociais, extrapolando os limites da atuação programática e individualizada para o reconhecimento e a atuação sobre os determinantes sociais da saúde. Não foi possível observar a presença da dimensão Continuidade informacional.
Associação de variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas com o estadiamento inicial em homens com câncer de próstata
Authors: Zacchi Sérgio Riguete , Amorim Maria Helena Costa , Souza Marco Antonio Comper de , Miotto Maria Helena Monteiro de Barros , Zandonade Eliana
Published: May 2014

O câncer de próstata se tornou um problema de Saúde Pública, sendo a neoplasia maligna de maior incidência nos homens brasileiros. São estimados, para os anos de 2014 e 2015, 302.350 casos de neoplasias no sexo masculino, sendo que 68.800 (22,8%) serão por câncer de próstata. O Estado do Espírito Santo encontra-se entre os 7 Estados brasileiros com maior incidência, com estimativa de 1.580 casos de câncer de próstata por ano, refletindo uma taxa de incidência de 88,72/100.000 habitantes. Na capital do Estado, Vitória, presume-se que essa taxa seja de 107,21/100.000 habitantes, correspondendo a 170 casos. Este estudo objetivou avaliar a associação de fatores sociodemográficos e clínicos com o estadiamento inicial em homens com câncer de próstata. Estudo transversal utilizando 1.500 registros de homens com câncer de próstata atendidos de 2000 a 2006 em uma instituição de referência para o tratamento de câncer de próstata em Vitória, Espírito Santo. Para o tratamento estatístico dos dados utilizou-se o teste do χ2 de associação e regressão logística com Odds Ratio (OR). Houve predominância de homens com câncer de próstata na faixa etária entre 60 e 79 anos (75%), de raça/cor não branca (61%), com primeiro grau incompleto (65%), casados (77%), atendidos pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) (60%), residentes na Região Metropolitana do Estado do Espírito Santo (67%) e com estadiamento clínico II (70%). As variáveis raça/cor não branca (p=0,025), escore de Gleason ≥ 7 (p≤0,001) e antígeno prostático específico (PSA) >20 ng/dL (p≤0,001) associaram-se ao estadiamento tardio ao diagnóstico, enquanto o encaminhamento ao serviço de oncologia sem diagnóstico e sem tratamento anterior (p≤0,001) ou com diagnóstico e com tratamento anterior (p=0,018) estiveram associadas a maior chance de apresentação ao serviço com estadiamento clínico precoce. As variáveis que representaram risco aumentado de estadiamento tardio ao diagnóstico podem ser modificadas mediante a adoção de políticas públicas específicas. Com o avanço da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde do Homem (PNAISH), espera-se que um número maior de homens tenha acesso à rede de saúde, obtendo diagnóstico precoce e tratamento oportuno.
Clustering of physical inactivity and low fruit and vegetables intake and associated factors in young adults
Authors: Tassitano Rafael Miranda , Tenório Maria Cecília Marinho , Cabral Poliana Coelho , Silva Giselia Alves Pontes da
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cluster of physical inactivity and low fruit and vegetable intake and the associated factors in university students. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included a representative sample (n=717) of Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco students. Low fruit and vegetable intake was defined as an intake of less than five servings a day and physical inactivity was defined as exercising less than 150 minutes a week. The independent variables were gender, age, socioeconomic status, school year, shift, and study time. Clustering was determined by comparing the observed prevalence with the expected prevalence for all possible risk-factor combinations. Logistic regression analysis, performed by the software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences 17.0 with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05), considered the presence of both risk behaviors adjusted to the independent variables. RESULTS: The prevalence of low fruit and vegetable intake was 81.7% (CI95%=78.1-84.3) and of physical inactivity was 65.8% (CI95%=62.2-69.4). Most students (58.6%, CI95%=55.3-62.2) were exposed to both risk factors simultaneously, while 11.0% (CI95%=8.9-13.5) were exposed to neither. Full-time students have a risk 1.45 times greater of simultaneous exposure. Juniors and seniors are, respectively, 1.88 and 2.80 times more likely to present both risk behaviors. CONCLUSION: Although complex, the behaviors are modifiable, and both the healthy and the unhealthy behaviors tend to cluster. The implementation of an intervention that targets both risk behaviors is needed. Different strategies can be used, such as providing areas for physical activity and for learning about healthy and risk behaviors.
Impact assessment of an intervention on the consumption of fruits and vegetables by students and teachers
Authors: Farias Silvia Cristina , Castro Inês Rugani Ribeiro de , Matta Virgínia Martins da , Castro Luciana Maria Cerqueira
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of an intervention that promoted the consumption of fruits and vegetables on the intake of these products by students and teachers in Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil. METHODS: This is a one-group pretest-posttest study of students and teachers from elementary public schools in Rio de Janeiro. The intervention included a training course for promoting healthy eating; distribution of educational materials; and holding of a one-day health fair. We assessed the activities that had been carried out, teachers' habitual fruits and vegetables intake, students' fruits and vegetables intake at school, and intervention-related issues. RESULTS: Before the intervention, 65.1% of the students consumed the school lunch and most (>79.4%) accepted and consumed the fruits and vegetables served. Most teachers (>75.0%) consumed fruits and other vegetables regularly, but only 36.4% consumed leaf vegetables regularly. The intervention was implemented only moderately (52.7%) but was well accepted by the teachers. The students of schools that implemented the intervention more extensively showed better acceptance of vegetables (p=0.009). Teachers' fruits and vegetables intake did not change. CONCLUSION: Students' fruits and vegetables intake changed modestly. This study contributes to the design of intervention studies for Brazilian schools because it coordinated the National School Food Program with educational activities.
Research potential of food and nutrition in the Family Health Strategy: A structured review
Authors: Vasconcelos Ivana Aragão Lira , Santos Leonor Maria Pacheco
Published: May 2014

OBJECTIVE: Determine the profile of research groups and publications with food and nutrition-related actions promoted by the Family Health Strategy in Brazil since 1994. METHODS: Two procedures were used: structured review and research group search. The former searched the databases Web of Science, Medline, Lilacs, SciELO and Embase, and followed the principles that guide systematic reviews in the Cochrane Collaboration. The references of the selected articles were also consulted. The research groups were searched in the Research Group Directory of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development. RESULTS: A total of 54 articles published between 2002 and 2012 in 20 different journals were identified. Ten of these were retrieved from the references section of other articles. Focusing mostly on children from the Southeast region, these studies were coordinated by dieticians, nurses, and physicians. Diabetes Mellitus, high blood pressure, and breastfeeding were the most common topics (n=23). The quantitative methodology was employed by 42 articles, most about diagnoses. Only five research groups studied the Family Health Strategy, despite the growing number of studies in the area over the years. CONCLUSION: Despite the growing scientific production, the findings of this structured review indicate that few studies focused on food and nutrition in the Family Health Strategy, probably because of the existence of few research groups in the country. More comprehensive and consistent studies on the topic are needed.
Análise dialélica para resistência a ferrugem polissora em milho em diferentes níveis de adubação fosfatada
Authors: Colombo Gustavo André , Vaz-de-Melo Aurélio , Taubinger Markus , Tavares Rodrigo de Castro , Silva Rubens Ribeiro da
Published: May 2014

A avaliação de germoplasmas como ferramenta na busca de genes que confiram resistência a doenças na cultura do milho tem sido meta constante em programas de melhoramento. Com esse intuito, determinou-se, por meio de cruzamento dialélicos, a capacidade geral (CGC) e específica (CEC) de combinação para resistência a Puccinia polysora de oito híbridos comerciais de milho em diferentes níveis de adubação fosfatada. Cultivaram-se 56 combinações híbridas (F1s e recíprocos) e oito genitores em dois ambientes distintos quanto à disponibilidade de fósforo (baixo e alto P) e avaliou-se a severidade de ataque da ferrugem polissora, de acordo com a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). A análise de variância conjunta indicou que os híbridos diferiram significativamente (p<0,01) quanto à curva de progresso da ferrugem polissora, sinalizando a existência de variabilidade genética entre eles na resistência à incidência da doença. O maior valor do quadrado médio da CGC comparado a CEC evidenciou, nesses genitores, maior contribuição da ação gênica aditiva no controle da resistência à ferrugem polissora. As combinações híbridas recíprocas P30F53 x AG 8060 e TRUCK x BM 2202 apresentaram as maiores médias negativas de CEC, em ambientes de baixo e alto fósforo, respectivamente, e foram classificadas, assim, como promissoras para obtenção de resistência à ferrugem polissora.
Genetic variability and inheritance to aluminum tolerance in nutrient solution in triticale
Authors: Silva Allan Henrique , Paterniani Maria Elisa Ayres Guidetti Zagatto , Camargo Carlos Eduardo de Oliveira
Published: May 2014

Triticale has shown different behavior to aluminum toxicity (A1(3+)) when applied nutrient solution. This study had the objective of evaluating 19 triticale lines inserted at International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), IAC-5 cultivar and two control cultivars of wheat in the presence of 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 mg L- 1 of Al3+. Afterwards, four genotypes being two tolerant and two sensitive were chosen to obtain the F1's, F2's, RC1's and RC2's generations, in all possible crossing. The seedlings were submitted to 6 mg L- 1 of Al3+ and analyzed later on (tolerant and sensitive) by the chi-square method. The root growth was also obtained to estimate the genetic parameters involved in the character control. The trials were carried out in laboratories, in nutritive solution. The genotypes were tolerant to 15 mg L- 1 of Al3+, exception the line 14 (P3), sensitive to 3 mg L- 1 of Al3+ and the line 13, 17 and the cultivar IAC-5 (P4), sensitive to 6 mg L- 1 of Al3+, the line 15 sensitive to 12 mg L- 1 of Al3+ and the lines 16 and 18 sensitive to 15 mg L- 1 of Al3+. It was concluded that the inheritance to tolerance to aluminum toxicity is dominant and governed by a pair of alleles. The genetic parameters involved in the root growth control in solution containing 6 mg L- 1 of Al3+ also revealed simple inheritance, suggesting a selection in the first segregating generations.
Avaliação do banco de germoplasma de mexericas com relação às características físico-químicas e suscetibilidade à mancha marrom de alternária
Authors: Bastianel Marinês , Simonetti Lilian Massaro , Schinor Evandro Henrique , Giorgi Ronald Otto De , Negri José Dagoberto De , Gomes Debir Naves , Azevedo Fernando Alves de
Published: May 2014

A produção de tangerinas alcança expressão econômica em alguns estados brasileiros, principalmente em São Paulo, Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul e Minas Gerais. Nos últimos anos, um interesse crescente pelas mexericas tem sido observado no estado de São Paulo, possivelmente pela inviabilidade econômica de manterem-se pomares das principais variedades comerciais para frutos de mesa, tangerina Ponkan e tangor Murcott, devido à alta suscetibilidade à mancha marrom de alternária (MMA). O objetivo deste trabalho foi caracterizar 33 acessos de mexericas do Banco Ativo de Germoplasma de Citros do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas (BAG Citros IAC), visando selecionar variedades com boas características físico-químicas como massa, altura e largura de frutos, cor da casca, rendimento de suco, acidez, sólidos solúveis e Ratio e resistência à MMA para que possam ser comercializadas em outros períodos do ano, em comparação com a variedade mexerica Rio IAC 194, padrão desse grupo, cuja maturação é de meia-estação. Os resultados demonstraram que cerca de 85% dos acessos de mexerica avaliados em campo e in vitro apresentaram resistência à MMA. Selecionaram-se cinco acessos precoces e 11 mais tardios que a Rio IAC 194 como boas alternativas para a ampliação do período de safra de mexericas no estado de São Paulo.
Effect of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Periodontal Wound Healing and Regeneration in an Osteoporotic Model
Authors: Miron Richard J. , Wei Lingfei , Yang Shuang , Caluseru Oana M. , Sculean Anton , Zhang Yufeng
Published: May 2014

Background: Despite the worldwide increased prevalence of osteoporosis, no data are available evaluating the effect of an enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on the healing of periodontal defects in patients with osteoporosis. This study aims to evaluate whether the regenerative potential of EMD may be suitable for osteoporosis‐related periodontal defects.

Methods: Forty female Wistar rats (mean body weight: 200 g) were used for this study. An osteoporosis animal model was carried out by bilateral ovariectomy (OVX) in 20 animals. Ten weeks after OVX, bilateral fenestration defects were created at the buccal aspect of the first mandibular molar. Animals were randomly assigned to four groups of 10 animals per group: 1) control animals with unfilled periodontal defects; 2) control animals with EMD‐treated defects; 3) OVX animals with unfilled defects; and 4) OVX animals with EMD‐treated defects. The animals were euthanized 28 days later, and the percentage of defect fill and thickness of newly formed bone and cementum were assessed by histomorphometry and microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) analysis. The number of osteoclasts was determined by tartrate‐resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), and angiogenesis was assessed by analyzing formation of blood vessels.

Results: OVX animals demonstrated significantly reduced bone volume in unfilled defects compared with control defects (18.9% for OVX animals versus 27.2% for control animals) as assessed by micro‐CT. The addition of EMD in both OVX and control animals resulted in significantly higher bone density (52.4% and 69.2%, respectively) and bone width (134 versus 165μm) compared with untreated defects; however, the healing in OVX animals treated with EMD was significantly lower than that in control animals treated with EMD. Animals treated with EMD also demonstrated significantly higher cementum formation in both control and OVX animals. The number of TRAP‐positive osteoclasts did not vary between untreated and EMD‐treated animals; however, a significant increase was observed in all OVX animals. The number of blood vessels and percentage of new vessel formation was significantly higher in EMD‐treated samples.

Conclusions: The results from the present study suggest that: 1) an osteoporotic phenotype may decrease periodontal regeneration; and 2) EMD may support greater periodontal regeneration in patients suffering from the disease. Additional clinical studies are necessary to fully elucidate the possible beneficial effect of EMD for periodontal regeneration in patients suffering from osteoporosis.
Periodontal and Serum Protein Profiles in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis Treated With Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibitor Adalimumab
Authors: Kobayashi Tetsuo , Yokoyama Tomoko , Ito Satoshi , Kobayashi Daisuke , Yamagata Akira , Okada Moe , Oofusa Ken , Narita Ichiei , Murasawa Akira , Nakazono Kiyoshi , Yoshie Hiromasa
Published: May 2014

Background: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α inhibitor has been shown to affect the periodontal condition of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of the present study is to assess the effect of a fully humanized anti‐TNF‐α monoclonal antibody, adalimumab (ADA), on the periodontal condition of patients with RA and to compare serum protein profiles before and after ADA therapy.

Methods: The study participants consisted of 20 patients with RA treated with ADA. Clinical periodontal and rheumatologic parameters and serum cytokine levels were evaluated at baseline and 3 months later. Serum protein spot volume was examined with two‐dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Proteins with significant difference in abundance before and after ADA therapy were found and identified using mass spectrometry and protein databases.

Results: The patients showed a significant decrease in gingival index (P = 0.002), bleeding on probing (P = 0.003), probing depth (P = 0.002), disease activity score including 28 joints using C‐reactive protein (P <0.001), and serum levels of TNF‐α (P <0.001) and interleukin‐6 (P <0.001) after ADA medication, although plaque levels were comparable. Among a total of 495 protein spots obtained, nine spots were significantly decreased in abundance at reassessment, corresponding to complement factor H, phospholipase D, serum amyloid A, complement component 4, and α‐1‐acid glycoprotein (P <0.01).

Conclusion: These results suggest a beneficial effect of ADA therapy on the periodontal condition of patients with RA, which might be related to differences in serum protein profiles before and after ADA therapy.
Intertextuality and Translation in Three Recent French Holocaust Novels
Authors: Kershaw Angela
Published: May 2014

This essay highlights the role translation plays in constructing Holocaust memory in fiction. Considering for example references to the work of Primo Levi in French texts, it shows how recent Holocaust novels have recourse to intertexts originally written in another language in order to evoke shared knowledge about the Holocaust. The translation of Holocaust novels therefore poses the problem of translating an intertext that is itself a translation. Analysis of recent novels by Fabrice Humbert, Boualem Sansal, and Sylvie Germain suggests that such translated intertextuality can produce complex and unpredictable reinterpretations. The essay argues that translation and multilingualism are rhetorical strategies used in Holocaust fiction to approach complex questions of identity and unrepresentability.
Translating the Self: False Holocaust Testimony
Authors: Vice Sue
Published: May 2014

This article assesses the role that translation has played in the transmission of Holocaust testimonies that have been shown to be false or embellished. It analyses how elements of such fakery are apparent in different ways in the various linguistic versions. Close readings are given of the details of translation from French in the case of Martin Gray's exaggerated For Those I Loved; from German in relation to Binjamin Wilkomirski's entirely fabricated Fragments; and the complex process of a back-translation into English from a French translation in the case of Misha Defonseca's equally fictional Surviving with Wolves.
Bringing Home the Holocaust: Paul Celan's Heimkehr in German and English
Authors: Boase-Beier Jean
Published: May 2014

This article considers what it means to read Paul Celan's poem ‘Heimkehr’ with a view to translating it. Reading for translation is understood as a particular type of reading that constructs a poetics of the text as an expression of a particular way of thinking. The importance of etymology, the exploitation of polysemy and homonymy, the use of ambiguity and other stylistic features, are discussed with reference to the historical context of the original and possible counterparts in the translation. Such stylistic features of the poem are shown to be crucial both to a poetic representation of the post-Holocaust situation itself and to the problem of what Holocaust representation can and should do.
Acts of Translation: Ruth Maier's Testimony and its Reception
Authors: Folkvord Ingvild
Published: May 2014

This article examines Ruth Maier's testimony as a particularly rich multilingual testimony written by a young Austrian refugee in her Norwegian exile. It investigates Maier's testimony with focus on the interplay between authorship and the editorial process at different stages of its reception. It identifies some of the problematic editorial strategies in the Norwegian edition of Maier's diaries and a letter from 2007, and juxtaposes them, first with significant choices made in the German edition from 2008, and then with the translating effort that Maier's Norwegian friend the poet Gunvor Hofmo had already made immediately after World War II.
Taux d’intérêt et marchés boursiers : une analyse empirique de l’intégration financière internationale
Authors: Borgy Vladimir , Mignon Valérie
Published: May 2014

L’objet de ce papier consiste en l’étude empirique de la dynamique de l’intégration financière entre les États-Unis et la zone euro. Nous nous centrons sur les indicateurs basés sur les prix et analysons le comportement de deux types de variables : les taux d'intérêt à court et long termes et les prix des actifs. Nos résultats montrent que la parité non couverte des taux d’intérêt nominaux tend à être validée et que l’interdépendance entre les marchés boursiers est grandissante. Ces résultats vont dans le sens d'une tendance croissante à l’intégration financière entre États-Unis et zone euro.
Quel impact des variations du prix du pétrole sur la croissance française ?
Authors: Crusson Laure , Barlet Muriel
Published: May 2014

Depuis les deux chocs pétroliers des années 1970 , les fortes hausses du prix du pétrole font craindre un ralentissement de l’activité économique. Nous estimons des modèles de type VAR et de type Markov-Switching pour mesurer l’impact des hausses du prix du pétrole sur la croissance française. Nos résultats mettent en avant un changement de régime au début des années 1980. Après cette date, nous trouvons un effet significatif direct des variations du prix du pétrole sur la croissance du PIB uniquement dans les périodes de croissance faible. Nos modèles mettent également en évidence un léger ralentissement de la demande étrangère adressée à la France consécutif à un choc pétrolier. Ce ralentissement pèse faiblement sur la croissance du PIB.
Le financement du cinéma par la télévision : une analyse économétrique des investissements des chaînes
Authors: Moureau Nathalie , Gergaud Olivier , Benhamou Françoise
Published: May 2014

Comment les chaînes de télévision françaises s’acquittent-elles de leurs obligations d’investissement dans le cinéma français ? Trois résultats principaux ressortent de l’analyse économétrique. En premier lieu, on observe une complémentarité entre le financement du cinéma par les chaînes de télévision et le soutien public, au sens où l'avance sur recettes (CNC) privilégie clairement les films à petit budget et de qualité. En second lieu, il apparaît que le clivage entre chaînes privées et publiques n’est pas pertinent, en particulier pour France 2, dont la stratégie est assez proche de celle de TF1 (films de qualité variable à gros budget). L’étude souligne enfin le cas particulier d’Arte qui, bien que non soumise à la réglementation de par son statut de chaîne franco-allemande, apparaît comme privilégiant les films de qualité, plutôt à faible budget.
Décrire le cycle économique en Tunisie
Authors: Elachhab Fathi
Published: May 2014

Cet article se propose d’établir une description du cycle économique en Tunisie - cycle classique (cycle d’affaires) et cycle en déviation (cycle de croissance) - et une caractérisation de ses principales régularités. Les résultats obtenus montrent que (i) Les phases de contraction du cycle classique sont très hétérogènes et sont expliquées par les chocs externes (ii) Les chocs d’offre, indépendants des chocs de demande, dominent la variabilité conjoncturelle de l’activité économique (iii) Les régularités empiriques du cycle de croissance sont, dans l’ensemble, différentes de celles observées au Maroc et en Jordanie (iv). Il existe une faible synchronisation entre le cycle de croissance tunisien et les cycles jordanien et marocain, résultat d’une forte composante idiosynchratique et d’un poids faible des chocs communs.
La responsabilité sociale de l’entreprise et les accords volontaires sont-ils complémentaires ?
Authors: Fleckinger Pierre , Glachant Matthieu
Published: May 2014

Voluntary agreements between regulators and firms have been in use for at least two decades. In recent years, however, firms have tended to commit to better environmental or social behavior in a more unilateral fashion. This phenomenon is known as the rise of “ Corporate Social Responsibility ” (CSR). In such circumstances, are voluntary agreements still welfare-enhancing ? To explore this question, we use a policy game involving a regulator and a firm. We show that the answer is ambiguous. In particular, it depends on the regulator’s bargaining power.
Catherine II : de la langue aux langues
Authors: Viellard Stéphane
Published: May 2014

L’article aborde trois aspects particuliers de la politique de Catherine dans le domaine de la langue. L’impératrice considère que le souverain russe doit apparaître comme l’incarnation de la langue source de la nation. Cette dimension est explicitement exprimée par Catherine dans ses Notes concernant l’histoire russienne. Allemande ayant été obligée d’apprendre le russe, Catherine est particulièrement sensible à l’apprentissage des langues étrangères. Elle en fera l’une des composantes de son système éducatif destiné à former les nouveaux citoyens d’un État éclairé. À la fin du règne de Catherine, la publication d’un Livre en quatre langues,

anonyme, dans lequel on retrouve plusieurs oeuvres de l’impératrice, donne à penser qu’il s’agit là d’un ouvrage probablement voulu par la souveraine. L’analyse textuelle et linguistique apporte des arguments en faveur de cette hypothèse.
L’ordre des mots dans la pensée grammaticale russe du 18e siècle
Authors: Breuillard Jean
Published: May 2014

The article identifies three basic stages in the reflection on word order in Eighteenth-century Russia, personified by Mikhail Lomonosov (1711-1765 ), Anton Barsov (1730-1791) and Nikolai Karamzin (1766 -1826). It shows that word order gradually evolves from being a rhetorical consideration to a grammatical one, with Barsov pointing out the use of word order in the marking of oral emphasis and Karamzin rejecting the notion of inversion and asserting that any reordering of words entails change in the meaning.
La corrélation chez les grammairiens grecs : problèmes de métalangage
Authors: Lambert Frédéric
Published: May 2014

Though Greek language offers a rich system of correlative terms, Greek grammarians did not pay much importance to the facts of correlation in their treatises. Nevertheless, ancient Greek had a lexical family to designate the notion with the verb antapodidonai. This paper has three purposes. Firstly, it explores philosophical and rhetorical sources and shows that Greek philosophers and rhetoricians had foreshadowed the concept of correlation. Secondly, exploring grammatical tradition, we can see that Greek grammarians did not ignore correlative terms and correlation facts, but they did not take into account the level of correlative system, except Apollonios Dyscolos (but the notion of correlation is first clarified by Michael Syncellus). Finally, to explain this, we suggest three reasons : the interaction between rhetoric and grammar, the role of comparisons and a conception of syntax mainly restricted to words.