bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correction: In vitro–in vivo evaluation of hyaluronic acid-based amphiphilic copolymers for tumour targeted delivery: the role of hydrophobic groups
Authors: Zhu Zhihong , Li Dongyang , Li Yuenan , Yang Xinggang , Pan Weisan
Published: June 2017

Correction for ‘In vitro–in vivo evaluation of hyaluronic acid-based amphiphilic copolymers for tumour targeted delivery: the role of hydrophobic groups’ by Zhihong Zhu et al., RSC Adv., 2017, 7, 23942–23953.
Estimating fluorescence lifetimes using extended Kalman filter
Authors: Gao Kai , Li David Day‐Uei
Published: June 2017

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) has been widely used in communication, signal processing and navigation control. In this Letter, the authors applied EKF, for the first time to their knowledge, to simultaneously estimate fluorescence lifetimes and instrument response functions (IRF) for time‐domain fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) systems (we focus on gating and time‐correlated single‐photon counting techniques in this work). Monte‐Carlo simulations were performed to test its performances in comparison with previously reported methods. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can achieve comparable or better results than the others. More importantly, with EKF there is no need to measure the IRF of the FLIM system.
Quintuple‐mode wideband filter based on a single metal cavity
Authors: Wong Sai‐Wai , Zheng Bing‐Long , Zhu Lei , Chu Qing‐Xin
Published: June 2017

A quintuple‐mode wideband filter based on a single cavity is proposed. A pair of shorting pins is inserted into the cuboid cavity along the symmetry plane. The cavity filter is fed by a pair of coaxial cables and the inner conductor is inserted into the cavity with a circular disc at the end of the probe. The pair of inserted probes and the pair of shorting pins excite five resonant modes in the cavity. The proposed filter has the central frequency at 5.8 GHz with a bandwidth of 70%. Meanwhile the wideband filter has transmission zeros at the lower and upper‐stopbands to improve the selectivity and out‐of‐band performance. The measured insertion loss is <0.65 dB, and all measured results have a reasonably good agreement with the simulated results.
Temperature‐dependent characteristics of InP‐RTD‐based microwave amplifier IC
Authors: Lee J. , Yang K.
Published: June 2017

A reflection‐type microwave amplifier using InP‐based resonant tunnelling diodes (RTDs) has been designed and fabricated. The implemented amplifier shows a low dc‐power consumption of 270 μW with RF gains of more than 11 dB at 5.61 GHz. Temperature‐dependent characteristics of the RTD amplifier have been investigated at a high temperature. With increasing temperature from 25 to 100°C, the centre frequency shift was measured to be 60 MHz. The RF gains (S21/S12) and the return losses (S11/S22) of the amplifier decreased from 11.45/11.32 and −7.96/−8.11 dB at 25°C to 7.06/6.91 and −11.36/−11.15 dB at 100°C, respectively. The S‐parameter degradation phenomena are shown to mainly arise from the temperature dependence of the negative differential resistance (RD) characteristic for the fabricated RTD.
Inductive loaded compact monopole antenna for ultra‐wideband applications
Authors: Asokan Hefilia , Gopalakrishnan Srivatsun
Published: June 2017

An effective method to design an ultra‐wideband antenna using a vertical narrow strip element is described. The proposed low profile antenna has good radiation characteristics such as polarisation purity, omnidirectional radiation pattern and good efficiency over the entire band of operation, which are the most desirable characteristics required for a wireless system to operate in the present high interference environment. The designed antenna has a measured return loss of below −10 dB and low cross polarised uniform omnidirectional pattern measured in anechoic chamber for the frequency range of 2.85 to 10.6 GHz.
Dual‐band implantable antenna with circular polarisation property for ingestible capsule application
Authors: Duan Zhu , Xu Li‐jie
Published: June 2017

A novel capsule antenna with dual‐band performance and small occupation of inner capsule space is proposed. The antenna is designed by combining rigid Rogers substrate with flexible polyimide, which takes full utilisation of capsule inner surface and the system ground for implanted electronics. The antenna structure is based on two identical orthogonal strips, each connected with one conformal L‐strip. In addition, a shorting pin is introduced, bringing in a fundamental resonance at 1.4 GHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band with linear polarisation. Besides, with the adoption of the shorting pin, two extra resonant modes are excited and split in higher band, generating two orthogonal electric fields with equal amplitude and π/2 phase difference; therefore, covering another ISM band at 2.45 GHz with circular polarisation property. Finally, the simulation results show a wide impedance bandwidth of 16.2% at 1.4 GHz ISM band (for |S11| <−10 dB), and a broad axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 34.8% at 2.45 GHz ISM band (for |S11| < −10 dB and AR <3 dB), with dual‐band operation further validated by measurement result.
Neutral‐point clamped n‐level multilevel converter without dead time and shoot‐through problem
Authors: Lee E.‐C. , Choi N.‐S. , Kim H.‐J.
Published: June 2017

A generalised n‐level multilevel converter that has no shoot‐through problem and thus is operated without dead time at each commutation is proposed. It is obtained by modifying the traditional neutral‐point clamped multilevel converter topology based on dual‐buck converter concept. The m‐phase n‐level converter can be readily constructed by using the proposed multilevel converter topology. The half‐bridge five‐level inverter, as an example case, is presented along with the operating principle and modulation and control methods. Experimental results show the feasibility and validity of the proposed converter.
Indirect fuzzy contour tracking for X–Y PMSM actuated motion system applications
Authors: Mao Wei‐Lung , Suprapto
Published: June 2017

In this study, the authors present a control method for the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) driven X–Y motion system for application in industrial and manufacturing apparatus. Backlash and friction effects in ball‐screw actuated systems are common obstacles to achieve high‐accuracy control. The authors investigate the indirect fuzzy controller to demonstrate the feasibility of reference trajectory tracking and derive an adaptive law in the error state space to deal with parameter uncertainties and external disturbances. The authors adjust the fuzzy parameters online, based on the Lyapunov stability theorem, such that the asymptotic stability of the whole system and error convergence can be guaranteed. In the authors’ experiments, this indirect fuzzy control approach compensated for the non‐linear friction and disturbance variation of the biaxial linear stage following the application of four contour shapes, i.e. square, triangular, star, and circular reference contours. Both the authors’ simulation and experimental results demonstrate substantial improvement in contour tracking performance in terms of average tracking error and tracking error standard deviation, as well as robustness against platform uncertainties.
Resiliency oriented integration of DSRs in transmission networks
Authors: Soroudi Alireza , Maghouli Pouria , Keane Andrew
Published: June 2017

Secure and reliable operation of power system in normal and contingency conditions is of great importance for system operator. Natural disasters can seriously threaten power systems' normal operation with catastrophic consequences. While hardening approaches may be considered for resiliency improvement, an application of a new and cost‐effective technology is proposed in this study. A planning procedure is proposed for integrating distributed series reactors (DSR)into transmission grids for improving the resiliency against these disasters. DSRs are able to control power flows through meshed transmission grids and thus improve the power transfer capability and the penetration level of renewable generation. The problem of integrating DSRs into transmission grids is formulated as a mixed integer linear programming problem. Different load and wind profiles and a predefined number of disaster scenarios are considered in evaluating the impacts of DSRs on system's operational costs, wind curtailment and load shedding during disasters and normal condition. The uncertainty of wind generation can affect economic viability of DSRs deployment which is handled using information gap decision theory. It is implemented on the IEEE‐RTS 24‐bus test system and results show the functionality of DSRs in converting the conventional transmission grid into a flexible and dispatchable asset.
Optimal design of secondary distribution system considering electric vehicles high‐power residential fast chargers
Authors: El‐Batawy Shady A. , Morsi Walid G.
Published: June 2017

This study presents a new approach for optimally designing a secondary distribution system (SDS) considering electric vehicle (EV) charging demand and in particular the high‐power fast chargers in residential dwellings. The mathematical formulations of the optimal SDS design problem, which minimises the total annual cost per customer (TACCu) taking into consideration the voltage and the distribution transformer (DT) aging constraints, are developed. The proposed design approach, considering different house sizes and types, are also discussed. The obtained designs are then tested and verified through an IEEE 34‐test distribution system and a real distribution system. The results have shown that the proposed optimal design approach was able to accommodate the EV charging demand without any violations of voltage and a DT aging constraints.
Neural network model predictive control optimisation for large wind turbines
Authors: Han Bing , Kong Xiaofang , Zhang Zhiwen , Zhou Lawu
Published: June 2017

Energy poverty limits the economy and social development throughout the world. Wind turbine reduces the energy costs and facilitates the development of renewable energy industry, which provides an effective solution to energy crisis and environment pollution and develops rapidly in recently years. In this paper, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) optimisation model predictive control (MPC) was proposed for large wind turbines. In accordance with the complexity and uncertainty of wind turbine operation, a linear model based on the blade element momentum theory was established and the influencing factors of the proposed model were evaluated. The MPC taking into full account three degrees of freedom control multivariate was enforced by RBFNN prediction model, which meets the requirements of specified operation region. Additionally, the RBFNN prediction model with the memory of complicated rules and changed trend was trained by a great deal of historical data. The RBFNN in combination with MPC solves global optimisation problems and improves the dynamic performance of system. Simulation results for three‐bladed 5 MW onshore wind turbine verified the effectiveness of the proposed method and confirmed the fact that the fatigue loads were significantly reduced in the turbine tower.
Lingual Splint for Sagittal Fractures of Mandible; An Effective Adjunct to Contemporary Osteosynthesis: A Case Series with Review of Literature
Authors: Balasubramanian Sasikala , Panneerselvam Elavenil , Sharma Aditi Rajendra , Singh Vikrant Pratap , Tatineni Venkat Ravi , Raja Krishnakumar
Published: June 2017

Sagittal fractures of the mandible frequently pose challenges in open reduction and internal fixation due to their unfavorable fracture pattern. The powerful lingual musculatures of the mandible exert tremendous displacing forces on the fracture fragments, resulting in gross lingual displacement. The control of the displaced lingual cortical plate and its restitution to the normal anatomical position before fixation is technically demanding. The article presents a simple and practically effective method of reducing such fractures with the use of a prefabricated lingual splint. The article also reviews the numerous types of lingual splints with their clinical indications.
Morning Glory Disc Anomaly Associated with Ipsilateral Optic Nerve and Chiasm Thickening: Three Cases and Review of the Literature
Authors: Pinelli Lorenzo , Scaramuzzi Matteo , Galli Jessica , Fazzi Elisa , Parazzini Cecilia , Righini Andrea , Nucci Paolo , Doneda Chiara
Published: June 2017

Several extraorbital findings have been described in morning glory disc anomaly (MGDA), including optic pathway abnormalities. We want to emphasize the importance of looking for ipsilateral optic nerve and chiasm thickening in MGDA-affected patients because we think that it may be a relevant common associated finding to date not stressed by anyone. We report three cases of clinically diagnosed unilateral MGDA in which magnetic resonance imaging revealed enlargement of the ipsilateral optic nerve and chiasm. A literature analysis was made and previously reported MGDA cases, and case series were checked, looking for described, or misunderstood similar magnetic resonance imaging findings. Three other cases with very similar prechiasmatic optic nerve and chiasm findings were identified from the literature. Two further cases are discussed as possibly characterized by similar misinterpreted magnetic resonance features. Our study broadens the constellation of intra- and extraorbital findings of MGDA. Though magnetic resonance imaging is not sufficient to determine the neuropathological substrate of this finding, clinicians and radiologists should be aware of the possible association of MGDA with ipsilateral thickening of the optic nerve and chiasm, to properly plan the clinical and imaging follow-up.
Multicentric Hemangiopericytoma of Posterior Fossa: A Rare Case and Review of Literature
Authors: Naik Harish , Vernon Velho , Bhide Anuj , Guha Amrita , Bhople Laxmikant , Jain Nimesh
Published: June 2017

Intracranial hemangiopericytoma is unusual, and those occurring in the posterior fossa are extremely rare. Surgery followed by radiotherapy is the mainstay of treatment. These tumors are known to recur locally and distant metastases are reported. Multicentricity either in the primary setting or in recurrent setting is rarely reported. We report here a rare case of multicentric posterior fossa hemangiopericytoma occurring in a 38-year-old man at two different intervals. The patient underwent total excision of right tentorial hemangiopericytoma in 2013, followed by radiotherapy. After being free from disease for 3 years, he developed a similar lesion on left tentorial leaflet in 2016 for which a total excision was once again done followed by adjuvant radiotherapy.
Characteristics and Unmet Clinical Needs Related to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Newson Jordan , Kinachtchouk Nickolas , Schachtschneider Kyle , Schwind Regina , Schook Lawrence
Published: June 2017

Advances in biomedical research require animal models that accurately recapitulate human disease. Without such models, progress against human diseases such as cancer is significantly hindered. Here, we present the current landscape on available and emerging hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) animal models. HCC is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with an annual death toll exceeding 745,000. Stunningly, only 15% of HCC patients are candidates for curative therapy, leading 85% of patients to seek palliative therapeutic options. The VX2 rabbit model is considered the most relevant and widely used HCC model; however, more reliable HCC models are critically needed. In general, animal models for biomedical research should (1) mimic the human disease on a molecular basis, (2) derive from a relevant cell line that lends itself to in vitro study, (3) be reliable and predictable, (4) manifest survival differences, (5) allow for accurate treatment assessment, (6) be readily imaged, and (7) occur in similar background settings as the human disease. Over the past decades, numerous small animal models have been utilized for HCC studies; however, the development of new large animal models as qualified alternatives to murine models represents a key technology to advance research into human clinical trials.
Besondere Fähigkeiten
Authors: Wilms Bettina
Published: June 2017

Es war einmal ein Termin bei einer Krankenkasse. Zwei Männer und eine Frau fuhren hin, um ein Anliegen voranzubringen. Wer von Ihnen diese
Art Treffen kennt, weiß, dass sie meist von Kaffee und Mineralwasser begleitet werden – und wenn man etwas vom Gegenüber will, auch mal von
sogenanntem Gebäck, sprich Keksen. In diesem Fall litt einer der Besucher seit der Nacht an einer Enteritis, auch Magenverstimmung genannt,
und hatte im Vorfeld des Besuchs – so wörtlich – mehrfach die Toilettenschüssel umarmt. Im Konferenzraum angekommen, erschienen auch schon
die ersten Gesprächspartner, und man begann, sich die Hände zu geben. Nicht jedoch der besagte Kollege, der darauf hinwies, dass er
befürchte, möglicherweise ansteckend zu sein. Spontanes Mitgefühl breitete sich bei den Gastgebern aus.
Nahfolgen, Fernfolgen, zurechenbare Folgen – warum es nicht ohne das Konzept der Zurechnung geht
Authors: Lübbe Weyma
Published: June 2017

Breyer und Kliemt opponieren anscheinend nur gegen eine meiner 3 Thesen: dass die Allokationspräferenzen, die in der Priorisierungsdebatte unter dem Stichwort „Rule of Rescue“ diskutiert werden, nicht irrational seien. Den neuerdings gegen die einschlägige Praxis erhobenen Diskriminierungsvorwurf, den ich ebenfalls kritisiere, wollen die Kommentatoren ausdrücklich nicht verteidigen. Zusätzlich habe ich, drittens, die These vertreten, dass beide Vorwürfe – der Irrationalitätsvorwurf ebenso wie der Diskriminierungsvorwurf – auf einem Mangel an handlungstheoretischer Reflexion beruhen. Darauf nehmen Breyer und Kliemt in ihrem Beitrag nicht Bezug. In der Replik soll deutlich werden, dass es sich gelohnt hätte, diesen Hinweis auf die grundbegrifflichen Quellen der Debatte ernster zu nehmen. Auch meine Ausführungen zum Melanom-Beispiel wären dann anders gelesen worden. Sie belegen nämlich nicht, dass ich mich der Kosten-Nutzen-Abwägung auch selbst bediene.
Therapieziele der neoadjuvanten Therapie – Präferenzen von Patientinnen mit frühem Mammakarzinom
Authors: Thill M. , Pisa G. , Isbary G.
Published: June 2017

Hintergrund Therapeuten und Behörden betrachten eine pathologische Komplettremission (pCR) als eigenständigen und relevanten Endpunkt zur Beurteilung des klinischen Nutzens einer neoadjuvanten Therapie beim frühen Mammakarzinom. Die vorliegende Studie sollte untersuchen, welche Behandlungsziele einer neoadjuvanten Therapie Patientinnen selbst als relevant erachten.

Material und Methodik Mithilfe der Analytical-Hierarchy-Process-(AHP-)Methode wurden Patientenpräferenzen zu Behandlungszielen einer neoadjuvanten Therapie quantitativ gewichtet. Alle Probandinnen hatten eine neoadjuvante Therapie in Form einer Chemotherapie und bei HER2-Positivität einer zielgerichteten Antikörpertherapie gegen HER2 aufgrund der Primärdiagnose eines Mammakarzinoms 12 – 36 Monaten vor der Befragung erhalten. Die Kriterien des Hierarchiemodells wurden in einer vorangehenden qualitativen Befragung identifiziert. Die Patientinneninterviews wurden von 4 erfahrenen Interviewerinnen durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse An der quantitativen Befragung nahmen 41 Patientinnen teil, davon 15 (36,6 %) mit HER2-positiver Erkrankung. Das Erreichen einer pCR stellte für die Patientinnen das wichtigste Therapieziel vor krankheitsfreiem Überleben, Gesamtüberleben und der Möglichkeit einer brusterhaltenden Operation dar. Der Vermeidung von Nebenwirkungen wurde die geringste Bedeutung zugemessen. Beim Vergleich der Nebenwirkungen hatte für die Patientinnen Fatigue den höchsten Stellenwert vor Übelkeit und Haarausfall.

Fazit Das Erreichen einer pathologischen Komplettremission stellt für Patientinnen ein eigenständiges relevantes und vorrangiges Ziel einer neoadjuvanten Therapie dar.
Partizipation in der Therapie – Verantwortung teilen
Authors: Buchli Luzia
Published: June 2017

Je mehr ein Klient die Therapie mitbestimmt und Entscheidungen mitträgt, desto wirksamer sind die Maßnahmen. Partizipation steht in der Ergotherapie daher an oberster Stelle. Immer? Wie ist es zum Beispiel im Akutspital, wenn ein Klient nicht in der Lage ist, sich intensiv zu beteiligen. Wie kann Partizipation dennoch gelingen?
Netzhautablösung im Kindesalter
Authors: Meier Petra
Published: June 2017

Eine Ablatio retinae tritt im Kindesalter im Vergleich zum Erwachsenenalter relativ selten auf, nur 3 bis 7% aller Netzhautablösungen werden bei Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter bis zu 18 Jahren diagnostiziert. Risikofaktoren für das Auftreten einer Ablatio retinae im Kindesalter sind ein Trauma, eine Myopie, hereditäre Vitreoretinopathien, Malformationen und Morbus Coats. Am häufigsten treten in dieser Altersgruppe traumaassoziierte Netzhautablösungen auf, Vitreoretinopathien sind die häufigste Ursache für eine erblich bedingte kindliche Ablatio. Es werden die krankheitsspezifischen chirurgischen Behandlungskonzepte diskutiert. Bei klarer Linse sollte immer geprüft werden, inwieweit eine episklerale Buckelchirurgie durchgeführt werden kann, insbesondere bei einer Oradialyse und bei genau definierter Lochsituation in der Netzhautperipherie. Eine primäre Vitrektomie ist vorrangig bei Vitreoretinopathien erforderlich. Der Einsatz von Anti-VEGF-Inhibitoren ist zur Behandlung vasoproliferativer Erkrankungen geeignet, allerdings benötigen wir noch weitere Informationen über mögliche Nebenwirkungen bei Kindern. Insgesamt sind die funktionellen und anatomischen Behandlungsergebnisse bei Kindern oftmals schlechter als vergleichbare Resultate bei Erwachsenen. Weitere chirurgische Innovationen und ätiologiespezifische Therapiekonzepte sind erforderlich, um die Ergebnisse in dieser Patientengruppe zu verbessern.
Qualitätsmessung aus Routinedaten
Authors: Lang Stefan , Rilk Robert , Müller Alida , Luebke Jan , Böhringer Daniel , Reinhard Thomas
Published: June 2017

Im Gesundheitswesen besteht ein ansteigender Bedarf an Qualitätsmessung. In Deutschland sind Krankenhäuser gesetzlich zu Maßnahmen der externen Qualitätssicherung sowie zur Einführung eines internen Qualitätsmanagements verpflichtet. Über dieses gesetzlich festgeschriebene Maß hinaus gibt es auch die Möglichkeit, mittels Routinedaten Qualitätsmessungen durchzuführen. Hierzu eignen sich strukturierte Abrechnungsdaten, wie das ICD-System, oder auch nicht standardisierte Quellen, wie die Arztberichte. Wichtig ist die Auswahl geeigneter Qualitätsindikatoren, um die Daten sinnvoll zu extrahieren. Dies können sowohl Komplikationen als auch das Erreichen von Operationszielen sein. Auch die Analyse von Abläufen wie die Erfassung von Wartezeiten im Behandlungsablauf ist möglich. Erste Daten unserer Zeiterhebung zeigen, dass mit der zunehmenden Durchdringung eines elektronischen Patientenleitsystems eine kürzere Behandlungszeit in unserer Ambulanz erreicht wurde. Das Erheben von Qualitätsindikatoren aus Routinedaten bietet demzufolge die Möglichkeit, die Entwicklung der eigenen Qualität über einen längeren Zeitraum zu beobachten und damit die Auswirkungen etwaiger Maßnahmen zu überprüfen. Zudem bieten sich Routinedaten auch für das „Public Reporting“, beispielsweise in Jahresberichten, an.
Wirkungen und Nebenwirkungen von Ocriplasmin – ein Update
Authors: Compera Denise , Priglinger Siegfried , Schumann Ricarda Gisela
Published: June 2017

Die pharmakologische Vitreolyse mit Ocriplasmin ist eine effektive, nicht operative Therapieoption zur Behandlung der vitreomakulären Traktion (VMT) ≤ 1500 µm einschließlich assoziiertem Makulaforamen mit einem Durchmesser von ≤ 400 µm. Sowohl klinische Phase-III-Studien als auch nach Zulassung von Ocriplasmin durchgeführte Studien konnten zeigen, dass eine Verbesserung der Sehschärfe durch die intravitreale Injektion des Medikaments erreicht werden kann und die VMT in 78% der Fälle durch die Behandlung gelöst wird. Grundlage einer erfolgreichen Behandlung mit Ocriplasmin ist eine gezielte Selektion der Patienten, die nach beschriebenen prädiktiven Faktoren empfohlen wird. Die Nebenwirkungen nach Ocriplasmin-Injektion sind meist passager und selbstlimitierend. Ihr Auftreten ist jedoch nicht selten. Visusminderung sowie strukturelle SD-OCT- und ERG-Veränderungen sind mit einer erfolgreichen Ablösung der VMT verbunden. Hierbei erscheint besonders wichtig, Patienten vor Injektion von Ocriplasmin über potenzielle subjektive Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen aufzuklären. Bei persistierender VMT oder persistierendem Makulaforamen nach pharmakologischer Vitreolyse ergeben sich keine funktionellen und morphologischen Nachteile für die behandelten Patienten verglichen mit jenen, die ausschließlich operiert wurden und keine vorangegangene Ocriplasmin-Injektion erhalten hatten.
Unterstützte Kommunikation in der neurologischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Gröne Berthold
Published: June 2017

Nach Erkrankungen oder Verletzungen des Nervensystems kommt es häufig zu Beeinträchtigungen kommunikativer Funktionen wie der
Sprachfähigkeit, dem Sprechen oder dem Gebrauch von Gesten. Die Ursachen hierfür können sehr stark variieren und sind in der Regel in ein
komplexes Krankheitsbild aus einer Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Symptome eingebettet. Dabei existieren sehr unterschiedliche Schweregrade der
jeweiligen neurologischen Störung. Auch die zu erwartenden Verläufe von Erkrankung und Erkrankungs-, Verletzungsfolgen entwickeln sich sehr
unterschiedlich, mit Remissionen, stagnierend oder progredient. In allen Fällen aber gilt, dass die eingeschränkte oder fehlende
Kommunikationsfähigkeit für die betroffenen Patienten und ihr privates wie professionelles soziales Umfeld eine ungeheure Belastung und
Herausforderung darstellt 20,
27,
5. Hier Lösungen zu finden, ist ein dringendes Anliegen aller Beteiligten.
Testverfahren: hamet 2 – Berufliche Kompetenzen überprüfen
Authors: Zamath Frank
Published: June 2017

Welche Vorstellungen haben Schulabgänger vom Beruf? Passt der angestrebte Arbeitsplatz? Mit dem standardisierten Testverfahren hamet 2 können Ergotherapeuten Aussagen über die beruflichen Fähigkeiten ihrer Klienten treffen und somit deren Teilhabemöglichkeiten am Arbeitsleben fördern.
Revealing the role of thiocyanate anion in layered hybrid halide perovskite (CH3NH3)2Pb(SCN)2I2
Authors: Tang Gang , Yang Chao , Stroppa Alessandro , Fang Daining , Hong Jiawang
Published: June 2017

The effect of the SCN− ion on the structural, electronic, optical, and mechanical properties of the layered (MA)2Pb(SCN)2I2 (MA=CH3NH3+) perovskite is investigated by using first-principles calculations. Our results suggest that the introduction of SCN− ions at the apical positions gives rise to shorter Pb–S bond lengths, more distorted octahedra, and more hydrogen bonds, which have important effects on the electronic, optical, mechanical, and piezoelectric properties in (MA)2Pb(SCN)2I2. Furthermore, a strong relativistic Rashba splitting is induced due to the breaking of the inversion symmetry, which helps to suppress the carrier recombination and enhance the carrier lifetime. The analysis of mechanical properties reveals that the incorporation of SCN− ions is beneficial to strengthen Young’s modulus of the perovskite materials and it enhances the piezoelectric properties. Our investigation suggests that doping SCN− ions into the perovskite materials could be a promising strategy to improve the stability and mechanical properties of organic-inorganic hybrid halide perovskite compounds.
Ortho-para interconversion in cation-water complexes: The case of V+(H2O) and Nb+(H2O) clusters
Authors: Ward T. B. , Miliordos E. , Carnegie P. D. , Xantheas S. S. , Duncan M. A.
Published: June 2017

Vanadium and niobium cation-water complexes, V+(H2O) and Nb+(H2O), are produced by laser vaporization in a pulsed supersonic expansion, mass selected in a time-of-flight spectrometer, and studied with infrared photodissociation spectroscopy using rare gas atom (Ar, Ne) complex predissociation. The vibrational bands measured in the O–H stretching region contain K-type rotational sub-band structure, which provides insight into the structures of these complexes. However, rotational sub-bands do not exhibit the simple patterns seen previously for other metal ion-water complexes. The A rotational constants are smaller than expected and the normal 3:1 intensity ratios for K = odd:even levels for independent ortho:para nuclear spin states are missing for some complexes. We relied on highly correlated internally contracted multi-reference configuration interaction and Coupled Cluster [CCSD(T)] electronic structure calculations of those complexes with and without the rare gas atoms to investigate these anomalies. Rare gas atoms were found to bind via asymmetric motifs to the hydrated complexes undergoing large amplitude motions that vibrationally average to the quasi-C2v symmetry with a significant probability off the C2 axis, thus explaining the reduced A values. Both vanadium and niobium cations exhibit unusually strong nuclear spin coupling to the hydrogen atoms of water, the values of which vary with their electronic state. This catalyzes ortho-para interconversion in some complexes and explains the rotational patterns. The rate of ortho-para relaxation in the equilibrated complexes must therefore be greater than the collisional cooling rate in the supersonic expansion (about 106 s−1).
Fabrication of high quality multilayer blazed gratings using ion beam assisted deposition
Authors: Harrison Matt P. , Bradley R. Mark
Published: June 2017

A method for generating high quality multilayer blazed gratings using ion beam assisted deposition is proposed and analyzed with numerical simulations. Conventional fabrication methods for multilayer blazed gratings are limited by unwanted smoothing of the surface profile during multilayer deposition. By contrast, we demonstrate that our proposed method is capable of producing gratings that retain a nearly ideal blazed grating profile after the deposition of an arbitrary number of layers. Through numerical analysis, we establish the conditions in which this procedure produces a high quality multilayer blazed grating. These gratings would be suitable for use in the extreme ultraviolet or soft X-ray regime. We also discuss how the control parameters may be selected to optimize the gratings formed in an experiment.
Quantum scattering approach for investigation of two interacting atoms trapped in a one-dimensional Morse potential via Lippmann-Schwinger equation
Authors: Mansoori Kermani Maryam , Maghari Ali
Published: June 2017

In this work, a system including two neutral atoms confined to an external one-dimensional Morse potential was modelled. The problem can be relevant to cold atom physics, where neutral atoms may be effectively confined in radially tight tubes formed by optical lattices. The atom-atom interaction was considered as a nonlocal separable potential. Analytical expressions for wave-function as well as transition matrix were derived. The contributions of bound states and resonances in the complex energy plane were calculated. For numerical computations, the bound states in a system of argon gas confined in graphite were considered. Since the most important quantity in the low energy quantum scattering problems is “scattering length,” considering various values of Morse parameters, the behavior of this parameter was described versus the reduced energy.
Study on the radiative excitation rate coefficient of collisional radiative model
Authors: Lee Wonwook , Park Kyungdeuk , Oh Cha-Hwan
Published: June 2017

Optical diagnostics of plasma by a collisional-radiative model combined with optical emission spectroscopy is simple and has many advantages. However, the radiation trapping effect (RTE) disturbs the spectra of plasma and becomes an obstacle to determine the exact electron temperature and density. In order to take into account RTE, the radiative excitation rate coefficient (RERC) was introduced and the analytical expression of RERC was proposed. The hot filament discharge system was constructed and helium spectra were analyzed by the collisional-radiative model with RERC. The characteristics of RERC were discussed against the discharge power and gas pressure.
VIS-NIR multispectral synchronous imaging pyrometer for high-temperature measurements
Authors: Fu Tairan , Liu Jiangfan , Tian Jibin
Published: June 2017

A visible-infrared multispectral synchronous imaging pyrometer was developed for simultaneous, multispectral, two-dimensional high temperature measurements. The multispectral image pyrometer uses prism separation construction in the spectrum range of 650–950 nm and multi-sensor fusion of three CCD sensors for high-temperature measurements. The pyrometer had 650–750 nm, 750–850 nm, and 850–950 nm channels all with the same optical path. The wavelength choice for each channel is flexible with three center wavelengths (700 nm, 810 nm, and 920 nm) with a full width at half maximum of the spectrum of 3 nm used here. The three image sensors were precisely aligned to avoid spectrum artifacts by micro-mechanical adjustments of the sensors relative to each other to position them within a quarter pixel of each other. The pyrometer was calibrated with the standard blackbody source, and the temperature measurement uncertainty was within 0.21 °C–0.99 °C in the temperatures of 600 °C–1800 °C for the blackbody measurements. The pyrometer was then used to measure the leading edge temperatures of a ceramics model exposed to high-enthalpy plasma aerodynamic heating environment to verify the system applicability. The measured temperature ranges are 701–991 °C, 701–1134 °C, and 701–834 °C at the heating transient, steady state, and cooling transient times. A significant temperature gradient (170 °C/mm) was observed away from the leading edge facing the plasma jet during the steady state heating time. The temperature non-uniformity on the surface occurs during the entire aerodynamic heating process. However, the temperature distribution becomes more uniform after the heater is shut down and the experimental model is naturally cooled. This result shows that the multispectral simultaneous image measurement mode provides a wider temperature range for one imaging measurement of high spatial temperature gradients in transient applications.
Investigation of the static electric field effect of strontium silicate layers on silicon substrates
Authors: Taniwaki Shota , Imanishi Keiji , Umano Mitsuhiro , Yoshida Haruhiko , Arafune Koji , Ogura Atsushi , Satoh Shin-ichi , Hotta Yasushi
Published: June 2017

We studied the effective net charge density (Qeff) of strontium silicate (SrxSiOx+2, x = 1, 2, 3) films grown on silicon (Si) (100) substrates. The SrxSiOx+2 layers were deposited from a Sr2SiO4 polycrystalline target by pulsed laser deposition, and then annealed at 400–600 °C in an oxygen atmosphere with a tube furnace. The Qeff values of the SrxSiOx+2/Si (100) samples were obtained from the shift in the voltage of the flat band state in their capacitance–voltage curves. The SrxSiOx+2/Si (100) samples with a thickness of 15 nm annealed at 400 °C showed the maximum Qeff/q value of 1.03 × 1013 cm−2, where q is the elementary charge. With increasing annealing temperature, the SrxSiOx+2 layer penetrated into the Si (100) substrate. This penetration may degrade the interfacial properties and decrease the Qeff value of the layers. For all the samples, the charges concentrated near the SrxSiOx+2/Si (100) interface. Our results suggest that anion and cation migration plays an important role in charge generation at the SrxSiOx+2/Si (100) interface, consistent with the findings of a previously reported molecular dynamics calculation.
Study of the laser-plasma acceleration of ion beams with enhanced quality: The effects of nanostructured targets
Authors: Fazeli Reza
Published: June 2017

Production of high-quality ion beams by intense laser–plasma interactions represents a rapidly evolving field of interest. In this paper, a nanostructured target is proposed to generate laser-driven quasi-monoenergetic ion beams with considerably reduced energy spread and enhanced peak energy. Linearly polarized, 40-fs laser pulses of intensity 8.5 × 1020 W cm−2 were considered to irradiate simple carbon foil and nanostructured targets. The proposed target consists of a thin layer of relatively high-Z atom (Ti) with a depression on its back surface which is filled by a nanosize disc of a low-Z atom (C). Reliable and reproducible results of multi-parametric Particle-in-Cell simulations show that by using a composed nanostructured target with optimum physical properties, a quasi-monoenergetic ion beam can be generated with a narrow band energy spectrum peaking at energies higher than 20 MeV. In addition, the forward-accelerated beam of low-Z carbon ions exhibits a considerably reduced transverse emittance in comparison with the ion beam obtained in the condition of a simple foil. The proposed nanostructured target can efficiently contribute to the generation of high-quality ion beams which are critical in newly growing applications and physics of laser-plasma accelerators.
Experimental verification of the vaporization's contribution to the shock waves generated by underwater electrical wire explosion under micro-second timescale pulsed discharge
Authors: Han Ruoyu , Zhou Haibin , Wu Jiawei , Clayson Thomas , Ren Hang , Wu Jian , Zhang Yongmin , Qiu Aici
Published: June 2017

This paper studies pressure waves generated by exploding a copper wire in a water medium, demonstrating the significant contribution of the vaporization process to the formation of shock waves. A test platform including a pulsed current source, wire load, chamber, and diagnostic system was developed to study the shock wave and optical emission characteristics during the explosion process. In the experiment, a total of 500 J was discharged through a copper wire load 0.2 mm in diameter and 4 cm in length. A water gap was installed adjacent to the load so that the current was diverted away from the load after breakdown occurred across the water gap. This allows the electrical energy injection into the load to be interrupted at different times and at different stages of the wire explosion process. Experimental results indicate that when the load was bypassed before the beginning of the vaporization phase, the measured peak pressure was less than 2.5 MPa. By contrast, the peak pressure increased significantly to over 6.5 MPa when the water gap broke down after the beginning of the vaporization phase. It was also found that when bypassing the load after the voltage peak, similar shock waves were produced to those from a non-bypassed load. However, the total optical emission of these bypassed loads was at least an order of magnitude smaller. These results clearly demonstrate that the vaporization process is vital to the formation of shock waves and the energy deposited after the voltage collapse may only have a limited effect.
Note: Coaxial-heater hollow cathode
Authors: Kurt Huseyin , Kokal Ugur , Turan Nazli , Celik Murat
Published: June 2017

The design and tests of a LaB6 hollow cathode with a novel heater are presented. In the new design, the heater wire is completely encapsulated around the cathode tube and a coaxial return electrode, thereby eliminating hot spots on the heater wire due to the free hanging regions. Since the new heater confines the Joule heating to the region of interest, where the LaB6 emitter is placed, the heater terminals are further secured from overheating. The cathode with the presented heater design has been successfully tested and is able to deliver currents in the 0.5-15 A range.
Innovative production technologies.
Authors: Razi M. F. , Janke R. , Khan M. M. , Um-e-Ammara Um-e-Ammara
Published: June 2017

In relevance to agriculture, the term 'innovation' may be defined as 'a new method, technique or technology which reduces human effort, minimizes cost of implementation, protects soil, atmosphere, water resources, human health, wild life and flora while increasing crop yield and quality under a given socio-economic scenario'. It involves two main research streams: (i) research to generate an innovation, and (ii) analysis of adoptability of the research-oriented invention and innovation. This chapter discusses some innovative technologies, such as remote sensing, robotics, nanoparticles, synthetic plant growth stimulants and their application in citrus crop production, particularly in crop protection, irrigation, fertilizer application in soils and foliar nutrition. The good agricultural practices in lime plantations and the organic production of limes are also described.
Human RELA haploinsufficiency results in autosomal-dominant chronic mucocutaneous ulceration
Authors: Badran Yousef R. , Dedeoglu Fatma , Leyva Castillo Juan Manuel , Bainter Wayne , Ohsumi Toshiro K. , Bousvaros Athos , Goldsmith Jeffrey D. , Geha Raif S. , Chou Janet
Published: June 2017

The treatment of chronic mucocutaneous ulceration is challenging, and only some patients respond selectively to inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF). TNF activates opposing pathways leading to caspase-8–mediated apoptosis as well as nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)–dependent cell survival. We investigated the etiology of autosomal-dominant, mucocutaneous ulceration in a family whose proband was dependent on anti-TNF therapy for sustained remission. A heterozygous mutation in RELA, encoding the NF-κB subunit RelA, segregated with the disease phenotype and resulted in RelA haploinsufficiency. The patients’ fibroblasts exhibited increased apoptosis in response to TNF, impaired NF-κB activation, and defective expression of NF-κB–dependent antiapoptotic genes. Rela+/− mice have similarly impaired NF-κB activation, develop cutaneous ulceration from TNF exposure, and exhibit severe dextran sodium sulfate–induced colitis, ameliorated by TNF inhibition. These findings demonstrate an essential contribution of biallelic RELA expression in protecting stromal cells from TNF-mediated cell death, thus delineating the mechanisms driving the effectiveness of TNF inhibition in this disease.
Comparison of Energy Absorption of Aluminium-composite Tubes Subjected to Axial Loading
Authors: Abbas Tahir , Ya H.H. , Abdullah Mohamad Zaki
Published: June 2017

In this paper, energy absorption capability and failure modes of partially wrapped aluminium tubes have been studied. These tubes are used in the front side of automobiles and aircraft applications. Filament winding technique was used for partial wrapping of these tubes. Partially wrapping on the external surface of aluminium tubes was done with glass fibers, and epoxy resin, which is a composite material. Various composite layers and fiber angles were used in partial wrapping, which includes 4, 6 and 8 composite layers of ± 55° fiber angle. These tubes were subjected to axial crushing using the universal ‎testing machine, and testing speed was 5mm/min. Failure modes and energy absorption analysis were carried out after testing. The experimental results revealed that partially wrapped aluminium tubes are 3.81%, 8.13% and 17.06% more efficient in energy absorption as compared to the tubes without wrapping. Furthermore, the effect of composite layers and failure modes has also been described.
Probability Map Viewer: near real-time probability map generator of serial block electron microscopy collections
Authors: Churas Christopher , Perez Alex J , Hakozaki Hiroyuki , Wong Willy , Lee David , Peltier Steven T , Ellisman Mark H
Published: June 2017

To expedite the review of semi-automated probability maps of organelles and other features from 3D electron microscopy data we have developed Probability Map Viewer, a Java-based web application that enables the computation and visualization of probability map generation results in near real-time as the data are being collected from the microscope. Probability Map Viewer allows the user to select one or more voxel classifiers, apply them on a sub-region of an active collection, and visualize the results as overlays on the raw data via any web browser using a personal computer or mobile device. Thus, Probability Map Viewer accelerates and informs the image analysis workflow by providing a tool for experimenting with and optimizing dataset-specific segmentation strategies during imaging.

Availability and implementation

https://github.com/crbs/probabilitymapviewer.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
GraphSpace: stimulating interdisciplinary collaborations in network biology
Authors: Bharadwaj Aditya , Singh Divit P , Ritz Anna , Tegge Allison N , Poirel Christopher L , Kraikivski Pavel , Adames Neil , Luther Kurt , Kale Shiv D , Peccoud Jean , Tyson John J , Murali T M
Published: June 2017

Networks have become ubiquitous in systems biology. Visualization is a crucial component in their analysis. However, collaborations within research teams in network biology are hampered by software systems that are either specific to a computational algorithm, create visualizations that are not biologically meaningful, or have limited features for sharing networks and visualizations. We present GraphSpace, a web-based platform that fosters team science by allowing collaborating research groups to easily store, interact with, layout and share networks.

Availability and implementation

Anyone can upload and share networks at http://graphspace.org. In addition, the GraphSpace code is available at http://github.com/Murali-group/graphspace if a user wants to run his or her own server.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Incidence of Hepatitis C Virus Infection in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Outpatient Study Cohort, 2000–2013
Authors: Samandari Taraz , Tedaldi Ellen , Armon Carl , Hart Rachel , Chmiel Joan S. , Brooks John T. , Buchacz Kate ,   and the HIV Outpatient Study Investigators, Buchacz Kate , Durham Marcus D. , Brooks T. John , Hays Harlen , Hart Rachel , Subramanian Thilakavathy , Armon Carl , Dean Bonnie , Purinton Stacey , Franklin Dana , Akridge Cheryl , Rayeed Nabil , Palella J. Frank , Chmiel Joan S. , Jahangir Saira , Flaherty Conor Daniel , Hammer John , Greenberg Kenneth S. , Widick Barbara , Franklin Rosa , Yangco Bienvenido G. , Ward Douglas J. , Thomas Troy , Stewart Cheryl , Fuhrer Jack , Ording-Bauer Linda , Kelly Rita , Esteves Jane , Tedaldi Ellen M. , Christian Ramona A. , Ruley Faye , Beadle Dania , Novak Richard M. , Wendrow Andrea , Young Benjamin , Scott Mia , Widick Barbara
Published: June 2017

Background

There are few recent studies of incident hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in the United States.

Methods

We studied HIV Outpatient Study (HOPS) participants seen in 9 HIV-specialty clinics who had ≥1 clinical encounter during 2000–2013 and ≥2 HCV-related tests, the first of which was a negative HCV antibody test (Ab). Hepatitis C virus incident cases were identified by first positive HCV Ab, viral load, or genotype. We assessed rates of incident HCV overall, by calendar intervals, and by demographic and HIV risk strata, and we explored risk factors for incident HCV using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

The 1941 eligible patients (median age 40 years, 23% female, 61% men who had sex with men [MSM], and 3% persons who injected drugs [PWID]) experienced 102 (5.3%) incident HCV infections for an overall incidence of 1.07 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.87–1.30) per 100 person-years (py). Hepatitis C virus incidence decreased from 1.83 in 2000–2003 to 0.88 in 2011–2013 (P = .024), with decreases observed (P < .05) among PWID and heterosexuals, but not among MSM. Overall, MSM comprised 59% of incident cases, and PWID were at most risk for incident HCV infection (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] for PWID = 4.62 and 95% CI = 2.11–10.13; for MSM, aHR = 1.48 and 95% CI = 0.86–2.55 compared with heterosexuals).

Conclusions

Among HIV-infected patients in care during 2000–2013, incidence of HCV infection exceeded 1 case per 100 py. Our findings support recommendations for annual HCV screenings for HIV-infected persons, including persons with only MSM risk, to enable HCV diagnosis and treatment for coinfected individuals.