bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental study of speciation and mechanistic implications when using chelating ligands in aryl-alkynyl Stille coupling
Authors: Gallego Ana M. , Peñas-Defrutos Marconi N. , Marcos-Ayuso Guillermo , Martin-Alvarez Jose M. , Martínez-Ilarduya Jesús M. , Espinet Pablo
Published: August 2020

The leaving group and the solvent are critical for transmetalation of alkynyl to Pd chelate complexes in a Stille process.
Development of a cardiac-and-piezoelectric hybrid system for application in drug screening
Authors: Huang Yun-Han , Yang Chiou-Fong , Hsu Yu-Hsiang
Published: August 2020

A cardiac-and-piezoelectric hybrid system for drug screening: a new method to electrically monitor contractility of cardiomyocytes in vitro using a piezoelectric membrane.
The preparation of NiO/Ni–N/C nanocomposites and its electrocatalytic performance for methanol oxidation reaction
Authors: Zhao Jingchuang , Zhang Yingzhen , Kang Xianyu , Li Yancai
Published: August 2020

The NiO/Ni–N/C nanocomposites were prepared through hydrothermal method and further carbonization. The NiO/Ni–N/C500 displays the highest MA (1043 mA mgNi−1) and SA (18.57 mA cm−2) for methanol oxidation reaction.
On the relations between backbone thiophene functionalization and charge carrier mobility of A–D–A type small molecules
Authors: Xu Chunlin , Xu Xiaoping , Zheng Shaohui
Published: August 2020

Backbone thiophene functionalization: an efficient way to improve the charge carrier mobility of A–D–A type small molecules.
Systematic investigation of Eu3+ activated Na2Ln4(MoO4)7 [Ln = La, Gd and Y] narrow band red emitting phosphors for hybrid white LEDs and plant growth
Authors: Rajendran Marikumar , Vaidyanathan Sivakumar
Published: August 2020

A sequence of Eu3+ activated Na2Ln4(MoO4)7 [Ln = La, Gd and Y] red phosphors has been synthesized using a conventional solid-state method.
High-sensitivity detection of dopamine by biomimetic nanofluidic diodes derivatized with poly(3-aminobenzylamine)
Authors: Laucirica Gregorio , Toum Terrones Yamili , Cayón Vanina M. , Cortez M. Lorena , Toimil-Molares María Eugenia , Trautmann Christina , Marmisollé Waldemar A. , Azzaroni Omar
Published: August 2020

In this work, we present the construction and functional evaluation of a highly sensitive dopamine-responsive iontronic device by functionalization of bullet-shaped track-etched single nanochannels in PET membranes with poly(3-aminobenzylamine).
Unique topological nodal line states and associated exceptional thermoelectric power factor platform in Nb3GeTe6 monolayer and bulk
Authors: Wang Xiaotian , Ding Guangqian , Khandy Shakeel Ahmad , Cheng Zhenxiang , Zhang Gang , Wang Xiao-Lin , Chen Hong
Published: August 2020

Our work not only reports the discovery of a novel TNL material, but also builds the link between the TNL and thermoelectric properties.
Mn-Catalysed photoredox hydroxytrifluoromethylation of aliphatic alkenes using CF3SO2Na
Authors: Long Wenhao , Lian Pengcheng , Li Jingjing , Wan Xiaobing
Published: August 2020

Mn(acac)3 catalyzed photoinduced hydroxytrifluoromethylation of aliphatic alkenes with CF3SO2Na was well established.
Model-based research toward design of innovative materials: molecular weight prediction of bridged polysilsesquioxanes
Authors: Ishimoto Takayoshi , Tsukada Satoru , Wakitani Shin , Sato Kenji , Saito Daiki , Nakanishi Yuki , Takase Sakino , Hamada Takashi , Ohshita Joji , Kai Hiroyuki
Published: August 2020

Modeling and prediction of molecular weight by MBR.
Breaking the barrier: an osmium photosensitizer with unprecedented hypoxic phototoxicity for real world photodynamic therapy
Authors: Roque John A. , Barrett Patrick C. , Cole Houston D. , Lifshits Liubov M. , Shi Ge , Monro Susan , von Dohlen David , Kim Susy , Russo Nino , Deep Gagan , Cameron Colin G. , Alberto Marta E. , McFarland Sherri A.
Published: August 2020

A nontoxic Os(ii) oligothienyl complex Os-4T is an extremely potent light-responsive anticancer agent that can be activated in hypoxia and with NIR light.
Recent advances of group 14 dimetallenes and dimetallynes in bond activation and catalysis
Authors: Hanusch Franziska , Groll Lisa , Inoue Shigeyoshi
Published: August 2020

This minireview highlights the recent advances in small molecule activation and catalytic applications of homonuclear dimetallenes, dimetallynes and interconnected bismetallylenes of heavier group 14 elements.
Water-stable O3-type layered Na transition metal oxides enabling environment friendly ‘aqueous processing’ of electrodes with long-term electrochemical stability
Authors: Kumar Bachu Sravan , Pradeep Anagha , Dutta Animesh , Mukhopadhyay Amartya
Published: August 2020

Tuning the TM-ion ‘slab thickness’ and alkali metal-ion ‘inter-slab spacing’ of Na-TM-oxides in opposite terms (and also suppressing TM-dissolution in electrolyte) leads to outstanding air/water-stability and long-term electrochemical stability.
A compatible polymer acceptor enables efficient and stable organic solar cells as a solid additive
Authors: Yang Tao , Ma Ruijie , Cheng Hao , Xiao Yiqun , Luo Zhenghui , Chen Yuzhong , Luo Siwei , Liu Tao , Lu Xinhui , Yan He
Published: August 2020

Polymer acceptors with acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A) building blocks have demonstrated great potential in achieving excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability in the field of organic solar cells (OSCs).
Stimuli-responsive polymer-based systems for diagnostic applications
Authors: Shu Tong , Hu Liang , Shen Qiming , Jiang Li , Zhang Qiang , Serpe Michael J.
Published: August 2020

The unique properties of stimuli-responsive polymers make them valuable for myriad applications, their use for biosensing and molecular diagnostics is reviewed here.
Spiro-type host materials with rigidified skeletons for RGB phosphorescent OLEDs
Authors: Khan Aziz , Chen Xing , Kumar Sarvendra , Yang Sheng-Yi , Yu You-Jun , Luo Wei , Jiang Zuo-Quan , Fung Man-Keung , Liao Liang-Sheng
Published: August 2020

A universal host material for red, green and blue phosphors raises challenges for the fabrication of efficient phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PHOLEDs).
Upconversion luminescence in cellulose composites (fibres and paper) modified with lanthanide-doped SrF2 nanoparticles
Authors: Szczeszak Agata , Skwierczyńska Małgorzata , Przybylska Dominika , Runowski Marcin , Śmiechowicz Emilia , Erdman Aleksandra , Ivashchenko Olena , Grzyb Tomasz , Lis Stefan , Kulpiński Piotr , Olejnik Konrad
Published: August 2020

The use of functional nanomaterials and their combination with organic polymers leads to the formation of advanced composites and hybrid inorganic–organic systems having unique properties.
Integrated linker-regulation and ring-fusion engineering for efficient additive-free non-fullerene organic solar cells
Authors: Yin Yuli , Zhang Wenxia , Zheng Zhi , Ge Ziyi , Liu Yi , Guo Fengyun , Gao Shiyong , Zhao Liancheng , Zhang Yong
Published: August 2020

The rational molecular design and structural modification of quasi-two-dimensional fused perylene diimide (quasi-2D FPDI) acceptors have received growing attention for application in non-fullerene organic solar cells (NF-OSCs).
Using van der Waals heterostructures based on two-dimensional InSe–XS2(X = Mo, W) as promising photocatalysts for hydrogen production
Authors: Ni Jiaming , Quintana Mildred , Jia Feifei , Song Shaoxian
Published: August 2020

Theoretical design of two-dimensional InSe–MoS2photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water splitting.
Novel ultra-thin two-dimensional structures of strontium chloride
Authors: Akyol Cansu , Baskurt Mehmet , Sahin Hasan
Published: August 2020

By performing density functional theory-based calculations, possible stable ultra-thin crystal structures of SrCl2 are investigated.
Development and validation of nomogram to predict risk of survival in patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cui Jie , Wang Liping , Zhong Waisheng , Chen Zhen , Tan Xiaojun , Yang Hong , Chen Jie , Liu Genglong
Published: August 2020

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study established a nomogram to predict survival probability in Asian patients with LSCC. A risk prediction nomogram for patients with LSCC, incorporating easily assessable clinicopathologic factors, generates more precise estimations of the survival probability when compared TNM stage alone, but still need additional data before being used in clinical application.

Background: Due to a wide variation of tumor behavior, prediction of survival in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) patients received curative-intent surgery is an important but formidable challenge. We attempted to establish a nomogram to precisely predict survival probability in LSCC patients.

Methods: A total of 369 consecutive LSCC patients underwent curative resection between 2008 and 2012 at Hunan Province Cancer Hospital were included in the present study. Subsequently, 369 LSCC patients were assigned to a training set (N=261) and a validation set (N=108) at random. On the basis of multivariable Cox regression analysis results, we developed a nomogram. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were confirmed by calibration curve and a concordance index (C-index), and compared with TNM stage system by C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results: Six independent parameters to predict prognosis were age, pack years, N-stage, lymph node ratio (LNR), anemia and albumin, which were all assembled into the nomogram. The calibration curve verified excellent models’ concordance. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.73 (0.68–0.78), and the area under curve (AUC) of nomogram in predicting overall survival (OS) was 0.766, which were significantly higher than traditional TNM stage. Decision curve analysis further demonstrated that our nomogram had a larger net benefit than the TNM stage.

Conclusion: A risk prediction nomogram for patients with LSCC, incorporating easily assessable clinicopathologic factors, generates more precise estimations of the survival probability when compared TNM stage alone, but still need additional data before being used in clinical application.
WITHDRAWN: Supplementation with Fe2+-containing agents mitigated the toxic effect of CoNPs in vascular endothelial cells by inhibiting activation of hypoxia-inducible factor
Authors: Zhu Wenfeng , Liu Yake , Wang Wei , Zhou Zihua , Gu Jinghua , Zhang Zexu , Sun Huanjian , Liu Fan
Published: August 2020

The Accepted Manuscript version of this article (published on 3 August 2020) was withdrawn on 28 August 2020. The authors have identified a mistake in their experimental technique at a post-acceptance stage, hence are withdrawing their article due to concerns over data validity.
Mining novel cell glycolysis related gene markers that can predict the survival of colon adenocarcinoma patients
Authors: Chen Sihan , Cao Guodong , Wu Wei , Lu Yida , He Xiaobo , Yang Lei , Chen Ke , Chen Bo , Xiong MaoMing
Published: August 2020

Colon adenocarcinoma (COAD) is a malignant gastrointestinal tumor, often occurring in the left colon, which is regulated by glycolysis-related processes. In past studies, multiple genes that influence the prognosis for survival have been discovered through bioinformatics analysis. However, the prediction of disease prognosis using a single gene is not an accurate method. In the present study, a mechanistic model was established to achieve better prediction for the prognosis of COAD. COAD-related data downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) were correlated with the glycolysis process using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) to determine the glycolysis-related genes that regulate COAD. Using COX regression analysis, glycolysis-related genes associated with the prognosis of COAD were identified, and the genes screened to establish a predictive model. The risk scores of this model were correlated with relevant clinical data to obtain a connection diagram between the model and survival rate, tumor characteristic data, etc. Finally, genes in the model were correlated with cells in the tumor microenvironment, finding that they affected specific immune cells in the model. Seven genes related to glycolysis were identified (PPARGC1A, DLAT, 6PC2, P4HA1, STC2, ANKZF1, and GPC1), which affect the prognosis of patients with COAD and constitute the model for prediction of survival of COAD patients.
Association of variant on the promoter of cluster of differentiation 74 in graves disease and graves ophthalmopathy
Authors: Liu Yu-Huei , Shen Chiou-Yuan , Tsai Fuu-Jen
Published: August 2020

The macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF)/cluster of differentiation 74 (CD74) plays a role in immunological functions. The present study aims to investigate whether single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MIF and CD74 are risk factors for developing Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) in patients with Graves disease (GD). A case–control study enrolled 484 patients with GD (203 with and 281 without GO) and 1000 healthy individuals. SNPs were discriminated using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, as well as frequencies of allele and genotype between GD patients with and without GO, were estimated using the Chi-square test. The effects of CD74 on adipocyte proliferation and differentiation were evaluated using 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Quantitative DNA-immunoprecipitation was used to detect the binding capacity of NR3C1 and FOXP3 to A/G oligonucleotides. The results showed that individuals carrying the GG genotype at rs2569103 in the CD74 had a decreased risk of developing GD (P=3.390 × 10−11, odds ratio (OR) = 0.021, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.003–0.154); however, patients with GD carrying the AG genotype at rs2569103 in the CD74 had an increased risk of developing GO (P=0.009, OR = 1.707, 95% CI = 1.168–2.495). The knockdown of CD74 reduced adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. NR3C1 had a higher affinity for A, whereas FOXP3 had a higher affinity for G of rs2569103. The results suggested the existence of a link between the genetic variation of CD74 promoter and the risk for developing GD and GO, which should be considered in clinical practice.
ROSINA ion zoo at Comet 67P
Authors: Beth A. , Altwegg K. , Balsiger H. , Berthelier J.-J. , Combi M. R. , De Keyser J. , Fiethe B. , Fuselier S. A. , Galand M. , Gombosi T. I. , Rubin M. , Sémon T.
Published: August 2020

Context.The Rosetta spacecraft escorted Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko for 2 yr along its journey through the Solar System between 3.8 and 1.24 au. Thanks to the high resolution mass spectrometer on board Rosetta, the detailed ion composition within a coma has been accurately assessed in situ for the very first time.

Aims.Previous cometary missions, such asGiotto, did not have the instrumental capabilities to identify the exact nature of the plasma in a coma because the mass resolution of the spectrometers onboard was too low to separate ion species with similar masses. In contrast, the Double Focusing Mass Spectrometer (DFMS), part of the Rosetta Orbiter Spectrometer for Ion and Neutral Analysis on board Rosetta (ROSINA), with its high mass resolution mode, outperformed all of them, revealing the diversity of cometary ions.

Methods.We calibrated and analysed the set of spectra acquired by DFMS in ion mode from October 2014 to April 2016. In particular, we focused on the range from 13–39 u q−1. The high mass resolution of DFMS allows for accurate identifications of ions with quasi-similar masses, separating13C+from CH+, for instance.

Results.We confirm the presence in situ of predicted cations at comets, such as CHm+(m= 1−4), HnO+(n= 1−3), O+, Na+, and several ionised and protonated molecules. Prior to Rosetta, only a fraction of them had been confirmed from Earth-based observations. In addition, we report for the first time the unambiguous presence of a molecular dication in the gas envelope of a Solar System body, namely CO2++.
Dust and gas absorption in the high mass X-ray binary IGR J16318−4848
Authors: Ballhausen Ralf , Lorenz Maximilian , Fürst Felix , Pottschmidt Katja , Corrales Lia , Tomsick John A. , Bissinger né Kühnel Matthias , Kretschmar Peter , Kallman Timothy R. , Grinberg Victoria , Hell Natalie , Psadaraki Ioanna , Rogantini Daniele , Wilms Jörn
Published: August 2020

Context.With an absorption column density on the order of 1024cm−2, IGR J16318−4848 is one of the most extreme cases of a highly obscured high mass X-ray binary. In addition to the overall continuum absorption, the source spectrum exhibits a strong iron and nickel fluorescence line complex at 6.4 keV. Previous empirical modeling of these features and comparison with radiative transfer simulations raised questions about the structure and covering fraction of the absorber and the profile of the fluorescence lines.

Aims.We aim at a self-consistent description of the continuum absorption, the absorption edges, and the fluorescence lines to constrain the properties of the absorbing material, such as ionization structure and geometry. We further investigate the effects of dust absorption on the observed spectra and the possibility of fluorescence emission from dust grains.

Methods.We usedXMM-NewtonandNuSTARspectra to first empirically constrain the incident continuum and fluorescence lines. Next we usedXSTARto construct a customized photoionization model where we vary the ionization parameter, column density, and covering fraction. In the third step we modeled the absorption and fluorescence in a dusty olivine absorber and employed both a simple analytical model for the fluorescence line emission and a Monte Carlo simulation of radiative transfer that generates line fluxes, which are very close to the observational data.

Results.Our empirical spectral modeling is in agreement with previous works. Our second model, the single gas absorber does not describe the observational data. In particular, irrespective of the ionization state or column density of the absorber, a much higher covering fraction than previously estimated is needed to produce the strong fluorescence lines and the large continuum absorption. A dusty, spherical absorber (modeled as consisting of olivine dust, although the nature of dust cannot be constrained) is able to produce the observed continuum absorption and edges.

Conclusions.A dense, dusty absorber in the direct vicinity of the source consisting of dust offers a consistent description of both the strong continuum absorption and the strong emission features in the X-ray spectrum of IGR J16318−4848. In particular, for low optical depth of individual grains, which is the case for typical volume densities and grain size distribution models, the dust will contribute significantly to the fluorescence emission.
A wide field-of-view low-resolution spectrometer at APEX: Instrument design and scientific forecast
Authors:   The CONCERTO Collaboration, Ade P. , Aravena M. , Barria E. , Beelen A. , Benoit A. , Béthermin M. , Bounmy J. , Bourrion O. , Bres G. , De Breuck C. , Calvo M. , Cao Y. , Catalano A. , Désert F.-X. , Durán C.A. , Fasano A. , Fenouillet T. , Garcia J. , Garde G. , Goupy J. , Groppi C. , Hoarau C. , Lagache G. , Lambert J.-C. , Leggeri J.-P. , Levy-Bertrand F. , Macías-Pérez J. , Mani H. , Marpaud J. , Mauskopf P. , Monfardini A. , Pisano G. , Ponthieu N. , Prieur L. , Roni S. , Roudier S. , Tourres D. , Tucker C.
Published: August 2020

Context.Characterising the large-scale structure in the Universe from present times to the high redshift epoch of reionisation is essential to constraining the cosmology, the history of star formation, and reionisation, to measuring the gas content of the Universe, and to obtaining a better understanding of the physical processes that drive galaxy formation and evolution. Using the integrated emission from unresolved galaxies or gas clouds, line intensity mapping (LIM) provides a new observational window to measure the larger properties of structures. This very promising technique motivates the community to plan for LIM experiments.

Aims.We describe the development of a large field-of-view instrument, named CONCERTO (for CarbON CII line in post-rEionisation and ReionisaTiOn epoch), operating in the range 130–310 GHz from the APEX 12-m telescope (5100 m above sea level). CONCERTO is a low-resolution spectrometer based on the lumped element kinetic inductance detectors (LEKID) technology. Spectra are obtained using a fast Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS), coupled to a dilution cryostat with a base temperature of 0.1 K. Two two kilo-pixel arrays of LEKID are mounted inside the cryostat that also contains the cold optics and the front-end electronics.

Methods.We present, in detail, the technological choices leading to the instrumental concept, together with the design and fabrication of the instrument and preliminary laboratory tests on the detectors. We also give our best estimates for CONCERTO sensitivity and give predictions for two of the main scientific goals of CONCERTO, that is, a [CII]-intensity mapping survey and observations of galaxy clusters.

Results.We provide a detailed description of the instrument design. Based on realistic comparisons with existing instruments developed by our group (NIKA, NIKA2, and KISS), and on the laboratory characterisation of our detectors, we provide an estimate for CONCERTO sensitivity on the sky. Finally, we describe, in detail, two of the main scientific goals offered by CONCERTO at APEX.
Review of water energy food nexus in Africa: Morocco and South Africa as case studies
Authors: El Youssfi Lahcen , Doorsamy Wesley , Aghzar Adil , Cherkaoui Sidi Imad , Elouadi Ihssan , Faundez Alex Godoy , Salazar Diego Rivera
Published: August 2020

The population of the African continent is significantly increasing which has given rise to societal, economic and environmental changes. This will generate an increase in demand for food, water and energy. Thus, strategies for sustainable management of natural resources need to be adopted urgently in order to match the future needs and to ensure sustainable development on the continent. The Water Energy Food (WEF) nexus is one the avenues for studying the current and future interactions and interdependencies of the WEF sectors under different scenarios and challenges in the effort towards establishing sustainable use of natural resources. Policies around the nexus approach are few or absent at the continental and countrylevels. This paper is a first review on the adoption of the Nexus in two model African countries, Morocco and South Africa. The review compares the water, energy and food sectors and the related national policies, plans and frameworks. The data related to the WEF Nexus revealed key difficulties of availability in both countries. A comparative analysis of the situation in both countries demonstrated differences in policies relating to the WEF Nexus across the sectors: water, energy, and agriculture. Additionally, the paper explores the relevance of technology-assisted frameworks for the WEF nexus and also analyzed risks to agriculture and food security in the context of the reviewed countries.
Mulching effect on weed control and faba bean (Viciafaba L. Minor) yield in Meknes region, Morocco
Authors: Boutagayout Abdellatif , Nassiri Laila , Bouiamrine El Houssine , Belmalha Saadia
Published: August 2020

In order to protect human health and the environment and to prevent the occurrence of weed ecotypes, global efforts are being made to reduce the world’s high dependency on synthetic herbicides for weed control. In this perspective, a field experiment was conducted during 2018/2019 season at the educational farm of the National School of Agriculture of Meknes (Morocco) to evaluate mulch effect of black plastic, oat straw and sycamore leaves on both faba bean and weed growth at flowering and harvest stage. The experiment was performed according to a randomized complete block design (RCBD) repeated four times. The results showed that the highest weeds infestation was recorded in weedy check (Control). Sycamore leaves, oat straw and black plastic mulches have significantly reduced weeds density and biomass, thus provided efficiency by 84.8, 80.6 and 86.8% respectively. In addition, the oat straw, black plastic, and sycamore leaves have improved faba bean yield by 42, 52.9, and 43% respectively. In conclusion, mulching practice can be a promising alternative of weed management for faba bean crop in Meknes region.
Characterization of testicular histology and spermatogenesis in the Levantine frog, Pelophylax bedriagae (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae)
Authors: Akat Esra
Published: August 2020

Amphibians occupy a position of great interest in terms of vertebrate evolution. Additionally, amphibians are known as a transitional group between amniotes and anamniotes. However, there are few studies on the gametogenesis of anamniotes vertebrates, especially anurans. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the histological feature of germ cells and their arrangement in the testis of Levantine frog, Pelophylax bedriagae (Camerano, 1882). Spermatogenic cells were organized in spermatocysts. Each spermatocyst contained cells at the same stage of the spermatogenic cycle. Identification of each cellular type in seminiferous tubule was carried out according to the size and morphology of cells and the degree of nuclear material compaction. Spermatogonia were large cells localized at the base of the seminiferous epithelium. Primary spermatocytes were examined in different phases of first meiotic division and distinguished from other cell types by their dark spherical nuclei or looser chromatin. Two types of spermatids, spherical and elongated cells, were observed. Seminiferous tubules were surrounded by peritubular myoid cells, and they contained no lumen. The lack of lumen in the seminiferous tubules and the cystic spermatogenesis probably provide synchronously production of a large number of sperms. The location of hyaluronic acid was also determined in interstitial tissue between seminiferous tubules to probably provide testicular integrity and viscoelasticity.
Investigation of the forced spatial vibrations of a wood shaper, caused by rotor’s unbalance of its electric motor and by cutting forces
Authors: Slavov Valentin , Vukov Georgi
Published: August 2020

Mechanic-mathematical matrix modeling of the forced spatial vibrations of a wood shaper is performed in this study .The wood shaper is modeled as a mechanical system of three rigid bodies, which are connected by elastic and damping elements with each other and with the motionless floor. This mechanical system has 18 degrees of freedom. Formulas and algorithms are developed for computer calculating, analysis and synthesis of designing and investigating of this machine. This study renders an account the geometric, kinematic, mass, inertia, elastic and damping properties of the machine. A system of differential equations is derived. Analytical solutions are presented. The study presnts results of the numerical investigations of the forced spatial vibrations by using parameters of a particular machine. They allow to select parameters that reduce harmful vibrations for people and constructions.
New possibilities of worm thread machining and practice of implementation
Authors: Trubachev Evgeniy , Bogdanov Kirill
Published: August 2020

Thread grinding is the traditional operation of final machining for worms and other critical threads. However, similar to other types of tooth grinding, this type of machining is expensive; it requires application of high cost equipment and needs valuable workers. In many practical cases, its alternative can be the application of edge machining, especially as the possibilities of controlling the corresponding advanced machine-tools and their accuracy have been increased significantly. This paper describes the experience of implementation of edge machining of worm threads within a low-series production of spiroid and worm gearboxes for pipeline valves gained at the Institute of Mechanics named after prof. V.I. Goldfarb of Kalashnikov Izhevsk State Technical University and at the Small Innovative Enterprise “Mechanik”. Schemes of thread machining by straight and radial parts of a single cutter and by a face cutter head are considered. The technique is implemented, and it provides the reduction of labor intensity and prime cost of both the preliminary and final machining of worms, including heat-strengthened ones; and it also results in the correctly localized contact in worm and spiroid gears.
Homöopathie und Weisheitszähne
Authors: Elies Michael K.H.
Published: August 2020

Weisheitszähne zeigen einerseits eine sehr individuelle Entwicklung, andererseits lassen sich Störungsmuster aufzeigen, die mit den Weisheitszähnen in Verbindung stehen und miasmatisch der Tuberkulinie zuzuordnen sind. Therapeutisch kommen häufig sogenannte kleine Arzneimittel zur Anwendung. Bewährte homöopathische Arzneien bei schwierigen Weisheitszahnverhältnissen sowie Komplikationen einer Weisheitszahnentfernung werden dargestellt.
Botulinum Toxin for Chronic Lateral Epicondylitis (LE)
Authors: Grüner Stephan , Schulz Axel , Schlüter-Brust Klaus , Lippert-Grüner Marcela
Published: August 2020

Lateral epicondylitis is a common disease in orthopaedic practice. Although the majority of cases do not become chronic, patients who do not respond to the initial treatment may suffer from pain in the long term and effective treatment is challenging. The off-label use of botulinum toxin is one of the common potential indications for the substance in orthopaedics and traumatology. In a literature review of 2000 – 2019, eight EBM ≥ level 3 studies evaluating the use of botulinum toxin in lateral epicondylitis were found. Five of these studies evaluated botulinum toxin versus placebo in chronic cases; two other studies compared botulinum toxin with corticosteroids in acute cases and classic Hohmann surgery in chronic cases; the eighth study compared botulinum toxin in two different injection sites and corticosteroids by classic injection. Our findings suggest that the use of this substance may be a treatment option in refractory chronic cases before surgery is indicated.
The working group on botulinum toxin in O & T of the International Musculoskeletal Pain Society (IMPS/IGOST) introduced an alternative injection schedule, which combines findings from the recent clinical literature with practical experience in order to reduce the risk of side effects while ensuring treatment effectiveness. Using 2 simple tests of function and, if necessary, sonographic verification, 2 separate injection sites in the extensor carpi radialis or the extensor digitorum can be identified by palpation. The tendon level on the lateral epicondyle acts as the third injection site. With optimal use of the ampoule content, the 3 injection sites can be infiltrated individually, depending on the muscle status. On the one hand, this enables treatment to take place after a dual therapy approach and, on the other hand, the risk of overdose in a muscle with subsequent unnecessary muscle weakening can be reduced.
MRT-(inbore)-Biopsie zur sicheren Detektion kleiner oder ungünstig gelegener Prostatakarzinome bei negativer MRT/Ultraschall-Fusionsbiopsie
Authors: Klingebiel Maximilian , Ullrich Tim , Rabenalt Robert , Albers Peter , Antoch Gerald , Schimmöller Lars
Published: August 2020

Die multiparametrische MRT der Prostata und MR-gezielte Biopsieverfahren werden zunehmend durchgeführt und durch aktuelle Leitlinien empfohlen. Ein diagnostisches Problem stellen Diskrepanzen wie ein auffälliger MRT-Befund mit jedoch anschließend negativer gezielter Biopsie dar. Neben der MRT-Qualität und MRT-Befundung ist auch die MR-gezielte Biopsie eine potentielle Fehlerquelle der Diagnostikkette. Die MRT-(in-bore)-Biopsie kann als genaustes gezieltes Prostatabiopsieverfahren eine fehlerhafte oder verzögerte Therapie bei Patienten mit initial negativem oder nicht zum MRT-Befund passendem Ergebnis der gezielten Ultraschall-gesteuerten Biopsie vermeiden. Im Folgenden werden zwei Fälle aus der klinischen Routine beschrieben in denen die MRT-(in-bore)-Biopsie als „Back-up“-Verfahren genutzt wurde.
Experience with Real-Time Continuous Glucose Monitoring in Newborns
with Congenital Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia
Authors: Anık Ayşe , Türkmen Münevver Kaynak , Akcan Abdullah Barış , Ünüvar Tolga , Öztürk Sercan , Anık Ahmet
Published: August 2020

Background Effective treatment and close monitoring of hypoglycemia in
children with congenital hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia (CHH) is vital to prevent
brain damage. The current use of capillary sampling schedules does not provide a
comprehensive assessment of glycemic status and fails to detect asymptomatic
hypoglycemia episodes.

Aim To investigate the efficacy and accuracy of a real-time continuous
glucose monitoring system (RT-CGMS) in neonates with CHH.

Methods A sensor connected to RT-CGMS was inserted into the newborn
patients and maintained for at least 6 days during their stay in the hospital.
We compared the readings of CGMS with capillary blood glucose values using
Bland-Altman analysis.

Results A total of 110 blood glucose values were compared to readings
from the CGMS. All results were calculated and plotted for CGMS values at
0–4, 5–9, 10–14, 15–19, 20–24, and
25–29 min after capillary blood glucose sampling. CGMS readings
were highly correlated with blood glucose values, especially during
normoglycemia. In case of hypoglycemia, the mean difference between the CGMS and
capillary glucose values was higher. Although the false positive rate for
hypoglycemia was relatively high in CGMS, RT-CGMS may show some episodes of
hypoglycemia earlier than blood measurement.

Conclusion RT-CGMS is accurate during normoglycemia, and it can reduce
the number of capillary blood samples in children with CHH.
Hip Revision Arthroplasty of Periprosthetic Fractures Vancouver B2
and B3 with a Modular Revision Stem: Short-Term Results and Review of
Literature
Authors: Schreiner Anna Janine , Steidle Christoph , Schmidutz Florian , Gonser Christoph , Hemmann Philipp , Stöckle Ulrich , Ochs Gunnar
Published: August 2020

Background Periprosthetic fractures Vancouver type B2/B3 after total hip
arthroplasty (THA) is a challenging entity with increasing numbers. Limited data
are available for this type of fracture treated with modular stems. Therefore,
this study evaluated the outcome of Vancouver type B2/B3 fractures treated with
a modular hip revision stem using a subproximal/distal anchorage and compared it
to the current literature.

Materials and Methods A consecutive series of periprosthetic Vancouver
type B2/B3 fractures treated with a modular revision stem was retrospectively
(2013 – 2016) evaluated. Assessment included the clinical (HHS, pain, ROM) as
well as the radiological outcome (subsidence, loosening, facture healing). In
adddition, the surgical technique is described in detail and results are
compared with the current literature.

Results A total of 18 patients (female/male 12/6) with Vancouver B2/B3
(n = 12/6) fractures with a mean age of 75.5 (60 – 89) years were included. The
revision stem was inserted via a modified transgluteal approach (n = 16) or
classical transfemoral approach (n = 2). The mean follow-up was 18.5 months,
with a mean Harris Hip Score of 72.5 ± 18.7 (35.0 – 99.0) points. The fracture
healing rate was 94.4% (n = 17) with osseous integration according to Engh in
all cases. Dislocations of the greater trochanter were recorded in seven
patients (38.9%). According to Beals and Towers, all results were rated
excellent or good. No implant-related failure or relevant subsidence during this
time was observed. Major complications were observed in five patients with two
periprosthetic joint infections and two cases of major revision surgery.

Conclusion This study assessing Vancouver B2/3 fractures shows
reproducible, good, short-term results in terms of subsidence and clinical
functional outcome by the use of a modular revision stem. The transfemoral
approach together with the modular stem allows for a stable fixation and good
fracture healing. However, our data and review of the literature also documents
the difficulties and higher complication rate associated with Vancouver B2/3
fractures.
A Novel Modified Cross-Coupling of Phenols and Amines Using Dichloroimidazolidinedione (DCID)
Authors: Mokhtari Javad , Madankar Kamelia , Mirjafary Zohreh
Published: August 2020

Phenols are considered as an ideal alternative to aryl halides as coupling partners in cross-coupling reactions. In the present work a copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of phenols with various aromatic and aliphatic amines for the synthesis of secondary aryl amines using dichloroimidazolidinedione (DCID) as a new and efficient activating agent has been developed. Substituted phenols were compatible with the standard reaction conditions. The two proposed mechanisms, which are based on the oxidation addition of copper with Ar-OMCID (MCID: Monochloroimidazolidinedione), are also discussed.
Comorbidities and Readmissions in Survivors of Acute Hypercapnic Respiratory Failure
Authors: Adler Dan , Cavalot Giulia , Brochard Laurent
Published: August 2020

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is defined by chronic airflow obstruction, but is presently considered as a complex, heterogeneous, and multicomponent disease in which comorbidities and extrapulmonary manifestations make important contributions to disease expression. COPD-related hospital readmission. In particular frequent intensive care unit (ICU) readmissions for exacerbations represent a major challenge and place a high burden on patient outcomes and health-related quality of life, as well as on the healthcare system.

In this narrative review, we first address major and often undiagnosed comorbidities associated with COPD that could have an impact on hospital readmission after an index ICU admission for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. Some guidance for treatment is discussed. Second, we present predictors of hospital and ICU readmission and discuss various strategies to reduce such events.

There is a strong rationale to detect and treat major comorbidities early after index ICU admission for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure. It still remains unclear, however, if a comprehensive and holistic approach to comorbidities in frail patients surviving hypercapnic respiratory failure can efficiently reduce the readmission rate.
Prevention and Management of Delirium in the Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Mart Matthew F. , Williams Roberson Shawniqua , Salas Barbara , Pandharipande Pratik P. , Ely E. Wesley
Published: August 2020

Delirium is a debilitating form of brain dysfunction frequently encountered in the intensive care unit (ICU). It is associated with increased morbidity and mortality, longer lengths of stay, higher hospital costs, and cognitive impairment that persists long after hospital discharge. Predisposing factors include smoking, hypertension, cardiac disease, sepsis, and premorbid dementia. Precipitating factors include respiratory failure and shock, metabolic disturbances, prolonged mechanical ventilation, pain, immobility, and sedatives and adverse environmental conditions impairing vision, hearing, and sleep. Historically, antipsychotic medications were the mainstay of delirium treatment in the critically ill. Based on more recent literature, the current Society of Critical Care Medicine (SCCM) guidelines suggest against routine use of antipsychotics for delirium in critically ill adults. Other pharmacologic interventions (e.g., dexmedetomidine) are under investigation and their impact is not yet clear. Nonpharmacologic interventions thus remain the cornerstone of delirium management. This approach is summarized in the ABCDEF bundle (Assess, prevent, and manage pain; Both SAT and SBT; Choice of analgesia and sedation; Delirium: assess, prevent, and manage; Early mobility and exercise; Family engagement and empowerment). The implementation of this bundle reduces the odds of developing delirium and the chances of needing mechanical ventilation, yet there are challenges to its implementation. There is an urgent need for ongoing studies to more effectively mitigate risk factors and to better understand the pathobiology underlying ICU delirium so as to identify additional potential treatments. Further refinements of therapeutic options, from drugs to rehabilitation, are current areas ripe for study to improve the short- and long-term outcomes of critically ill patients with delirium.
Schnittstelle Oder Verbindungsstelle?: Besser, man ist verbunden!
Authors: Beer Veronika
Published: August 2020

Was ändert sich, wenn aus Schnittstellen (wieder) Verbindungsstellen werden? Spielt es eine Rolle, ob Sie „abgeschnitten“ oder „verbunden“ sind? Funktioniert die Versorgung besser? Bringt Vernetzung Vorteile? Und wie kann überhaupt und nachhaltig organisiert werden?
3D-Druck in der Medizintechnik: Selbst produzieren in Krisenzeiten und danach?
Authors: Kleinhans Jennifer
Published: August 2020

Additive Herstellungsverfahren wecken die Faszination von klinischen Anwendern und Medizintechnikern gleichermaßen. Einfach nachdrucken, wenn Bedarf besteht – so die Vision. Doch was ist sowohl in der Covid-19-Krise als auch danach möglich? Drei Praxisbeispiele zeigen 3D-Druck im praktischen medizintechnischen Einsatz im Rahmen der Covid-19-Pandemie und die daraus entstehenden Fragen.
The dynamics of Twitter users’ gun narratives across major mass shooting events
Authors: Lin Yu-Ru , Chung Wen-Ting
Published: August 2020

This study reveals a shift of gun-related narratives created by two ideological groups during three high-profile mass shootings in the United States across the years from 2016 to 2018. It utilizes large-scale, longitudinal social media traces from over 155,000 ideology-identifiable Twitter users. The study design leveraged both the linguistic dictionary approach as well as thematic coding inspired by Narrative Policy Framework, which allows for statistical and qualitative comparison. We found several distinctive narrative characteristics between the two ideology groups in response to the shooting events—two groups differed by how they incorporated linguistic and narrative features in their tweets in terms of policy stance, attribution (how one believed to be the problem, the cause or blame, and the solution), the rhetoric employed, and emotion throughout the incidents. The findings suggest how shooting events may penetrate the public discursive processes that had been previously dominated by existing ideological references and may facilitate discussions beyond ideological identities. Overall, in the wake of mass shooting events, the tweets adhering to the majority policy stance within a camp declined, whereas the proportion of mixed or flipped stance tweets increased. Meanwhile, more tweets were observed to express causal reasoning of a held policy stance, and a different pattern in the use of rhetoric schemes, such as the decline of provocative ridicule, emerged. The shifting patterns in users’ narratives coincide with the two groups distinctive emotional response revealed in text. These findings offer insights into the opportunity to reconcile conflicts and the potential for creating civic technologies to improve the interpretability of linguistic and narrative signals and to support diverse narratives and framing.
Family-to-family child migration network of informal adoption in China
Authors: Ma Xueyao , Li Gang , Zhou Junjun , Gao Xing , Nie Qifan , Xue Shuyan , Liu Ling , Wang Jiaobei , Xu Tingting , Jin Annan
Published: August 2020

Historically, informal adoption has been a prevalent Chinese social phenomenon that has altered typical family structures and the lives of children. Due to ambiguous definitions and the scarcity of data on informal adoption, the patterns and processes of informal adoption are not well understood. Therefore, in this study, data from commonwealth websites were used to explore the temporal and spatial patterns and network evolution of informal adoption from 1924 to 2018. The results indicate that severe famine and birth control campaigns increased the number of informal adoptions. Son preference was highlighted during the strict implementation of the one-child policy. From a spatial perspective, the data are distributed in provinces and zones with higher population densities. Major cities also play a key role in information transfer. We expect the findings to provide basic knowledge on informal adoption in China and serve as a reference for the protection of children’s rights.
Enhancement of brightness of high-order harmonics with elliptical polarization from near-critical density plasmas irradiated by an ultraintense laser pulse
Authors: Jiang Yan , Wang Qing , Cao Lihua , Liu Zhanjun , Zheng Chunyang , He Xiantu , Chao Yue , Xie Rui
Published: August 2020

Bright extreme ultraviolet (XUV) sources with elliptical polarization are powerful tools for investigating the electronic and magnetic properties of materials. Here we show that in the regime of relativistic electrons spring, it is possible to generate a source of elliptically polarized attosecond XUV pulses by a circularly polarized laser pulse interacting with near-critical density plasmas. Particle-in-cell simulations indicate that compared with a conventional overdense plasma regime, the attosecond pulse intensity may be increased by up to one order of magnitude in a near-critical density plasma system.
Dynamics of a stochastic excitable system with slowly adapting feedback
Authors: Franović Igor , Yanchuk Serhiy , Eydam Sebastian , Bačić Iva , Wolfrum Matthias
Published: August 2020

We study an excitable active rotator with slowly adapting nonlinear feedback and noise. Depending on the adaptation and the noise level, this system may display noise-induced spiking, noise-perturbed oscillations, or stochastic bursting. We show how the system exhibits transitions between these dynamical regimes, as well as how one can enhance or suppress the coherence resonance or effectively control the features of the stochastic bursting. The setup can be considered a paradigmatic model for a neuron with a slow recovery variable or, more generally, as an excitable system under the influence of a nonlinear control mechanism. We employ a multiple timescale approach that combines the classical adiabatic elimination with averaging of rapid oscillations and stochastic averaging of noise-induced fluctuations by a corresponding stationary Fokker–Planck equation. This allows us to perform a numerical bifurcation analysis of a reduced slow system and to determine the parameter regions associated with different types of dynamics. In particular, we demonstrate the existence of a region of bistability, where the noise-induced switching between a stationary and an oscillatory regime gives rise to stochastic bursting.
Reservoir computing advances the ability to predict phase changes in chaotic systems
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: August 2020

By relaxing criteria to only predict the evolution of the phase variable, researchers extend prediction horizons by more than two orders of magnitude in chaotic systems.
Four-leaf clovers prove lucky for fuel cell design
Authors: Bandari Anashe
Published: August 2020

Flow fields inspired by four-leaf clovers with optimized vein geometry offer advantages over traditional fuel cell structures.
Method fabricates nanostructures with angle-independent structural color
Authors: Patrick Chris
Published: August 2020

Combining dip coating of colloidal particles on a substrate with standard microelectronics fabrication techniques creates nanostructures with tunable structural color suited for a variety of applications.
Mechanisms behind CdSeTe solar cell high efficiency explained
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: August 2020

Computational modeling reveals the major factors behind the high efficiency of CdSeTe solar cells and identifies ways for further improvements.