bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Subjective Cognitive Decline Plus and Longitudinal Assessment and Risk for Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Kang Moonil , Li Clara , Mahajan Arnav , Spat-Lemus Jessica , Durape Shruti , Chen Jiachen , Gurnani Ashita S. , Devine Sherral , Auerbach Sanford H. , Ang Ting Fang Alvin , Sherva Richard , Qiu Wei Qiao , Lunetta Kathryn L. , Au Rhoda , Farrer Lindsay A. , Mez Jesse
Published: July 2024

Importance

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is recognized to be in the Alzheimer disease (AD) cognitive continuum. The SCD Initiative International Working Group recently proposed SCD-plus (SCD+) features that increase risk for future objective cognitive decline but that have not been assessed in a large community-based setting.

Objective

To assess SCD risk for mild cognitive impairment (MCI), AD, and all-cause dementia, using SCD+ criteria among cognitively normal adults.

Design, Setting, and Participants

The Framingham Heart Study, a community-based prospective cohort study, assessed SCD between 2005 and 2019, with up to 12 years of follow-up. Participants 60 years and older with normal cognition at analytic baseline were included. Cox proportional hazards (CPH) models were adjusted for baseline age, sex, education, APOE ε4 status, and tertiles of AD polygenic risk score (PRS), excluding the APOE region. Data were analyzed from May 2021 to November 2023.

Exposure

SCD was assessed longitudinally using a single question and considered present if endorsed at the last cognitively normal visit. It was treated as a time-varying variable, beginning at the first of consecutive, cognitively normal visits, including the last, at which it was endorsed.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Consensus-diagnosed MCI, AD, and all-cause dementia.

Results

This study included 3585 participants (mean [SD] baseline age, 68.0 [7.7] years; 1975 female [55.1%]). A total of 1596 participants (44.5%) had SCD, and 770 (21.5%) were carriers of APOE ε4. APOE ε4 and tertiles of AD PRS status did not significantly differ between the SCD and non-SCD groups. MCI, AD, and all-cause dementia were diagnosed in 236 participants (6.6%), 73 participants (2.0%), and 89 participants (2.5%), respectively, during follow-up. On average, SCD preceded MCI by 4.4 years, AD by 6.8 years, and all-cause dementia by 6.9 years. SCD was significantly associated with survival time to MCI (hazard ratio [HR], 1.57; 95% CI, 1.22-2.03; P <.001), AD (HR, 2.98; 95% CI, 1.89-4.70; P <.001), and all-cause dementia (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.44-3.18; P <.001). After adjustment for APOE and AD PRS, the hazards of SCD were largely unchanged.

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this cohort study suggest that in a community setting, SCD reflecting SCD+ features was associated with an increased risk of future MCI, AD, and all-cause dementia with similar hazards estimated in clinic-based settings. SCD may be an independent risk factor for AD and other dementias beyond the risk incurred by APOE ε4 and AD PRS.
Terahertz Radiation Detectors Using CMOS Compatible SOI Substrates
Authors: Hasan Md Soyaeb , Khan Asif Abdullah , Shahzadi Shamaila , Bagheri Majid Haji , Ban Dayan
Published: July 2024

In recent years, silicon‐based room temperature Terahertz (THz) detectors have become the most optimistic research area because of their high speed, low cost, and unimpeded compatibility with mainstream complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) device technologies. However, Silicon (Si) suffers from low responsivity and high noise at THz frequencies. In this review, the recent advances in Si‐based THz detectors using silicon‐on‐insulator (SOI) substrates are presented. These offer several advantages over bulk counterparts, such as reduced parasitic capacitance, enhanced electric field confinement, and improved thermal isolation. The different types of THz detectors exploiting SOI substrate, such as conventional metal‐oxide‐semiconductor field effect transistors (MOSFETs), junction‐less MOSFETs, junction‐less nanowires field effect transistors (JLNWFETs), micro‐electromechanical system (MEMS), metal‐semiconductor‐metal (MSM) structures, and single electron transistor (SET), are discussed, and their key performances in terms of responsivity, noise equivalent power (NEP), bandwidth, and dynamic range are compared. The challenges and opportunities for further improvement of SOI THz detectors, such as device scaling, integration, and modulation, are also highlighted. This review may offer compelling evidence supporting the idea that SOI THz detectors have the potential to facilitate high performance, low power consumption, and scalability—qualities essential for advancing next‐level technologies.
Ultralong Lifespan Zero‐Cobalt/Nickel Prussian Blue Analogs Cathode Realized by Solid Solution Reaction Sodium Storage Mechanism
Authors: Wang Yichao , Jiang Ning , Liu Jiahe , Sun Shouyu , Wang Xinyu , Yang Jianhua , Yang Cheng , Liu Yu
Published: July 2024

Despite their low cost and high specific capacity, the practical use of monoclinic Mn‐based Prussian blue analogs (Mn‐PBAs) is limited by poor cycling stability, primarily due to the structural degradation caused by the multiple phase transitions and Jahn–Teller effect associated with Mn3+ ions throughout the entire cycle. Herein, by synergistic incorporation of low‐cost Cu and Fe into the manganese sites of Mn‐PBAs, the ternary PBAs (T‐PBAs) achieve solid solution reaction of Na+ extraction and insertion, successfully eliminating the inherent multi‐phase transition from the sodium storage mechanism of T‐PBAs. Ex situ analysis and density functional theory calculations are employed to confirm that T‐PBAs consistently maintain a cubic phase with smaller lattice distortion rather than occur in conventional three‐phase transition during the charging and discharging processes, forcefully inhibiting the structural degradation of T‐PBAs. Therefore, the T‐PBAs showcase unprecedented cycling stability at both room temperature (10 000 cycles at 1 A g−1) and −20 °C (over 3000 h, 4200 cycles at 0.2 A g−1 without distinct capacity degradation), More importantly, when paired with commercial hard carbon, the T‐PBAs based sodium‐ion batteries exhibit excellent capacity retention (2000 cycles 76.8%), showcasing their immense potential in practical applications.
Chiral Self‐Discrimination Induced Luminescence Vapochromism of Binaphthol Imides for Anti‐Counterfeiting and Data Encryption
Authors: Zhang Yang , Chen Hong‐Ming , Lin Mei‐Jin
Published: July 2024

Chiral self‐discrimination plays a critical role in supramolecular chemistry and materials science. However, an ideal strategy for achieving chiral self‐discrimination remains elusive due to the inevitable nonspecific binding of incorrect enantiomers, and insufficient intrinsic optical activity of chiral molecules. Herein, a novel 1,1′‐binaphthol (BINOL) derivative with an imide group fused at the peri‐position of one naphthol scaffold is developed, which combines the dual functionalities of aggregation‐induced emission characteristic of BINOLs, and high emission of 1,8‐naphthalimides. The multiple molecular recognition between two hydroxyl groups in BINOL units and two carbonyl groups in 1,8‐naphthalimide moieties endows the precise chiral self‐discrimination behaviors. As expected, the homochiral aggregates exhibit reversible phase transitions, switching from non‐emission to bright green emission upon absorption and desorption of methanol vapor. In contrast, the heterochiral conglomerates exhibit irreversible yellow emission changes due to the impact of chiral self‐discrimination. Such chiral self‐discrimination‐induced luminescence vapochromism can be further applied to high‐level anti‐counterfeiting and data encryption. This work provides a new perspective on smart chiral organic materials based on chiral self‐discrimination.
Base‐Catalyzed Domino Isomerization/Oxidant‐Free Dehydrogenative Annulation of Allylic Alcohols: Scope, Mechanism, and Application
Authors: Zhou Xiongyang , Li Xun , Le Cheng , Li Jia‐Qi
Published: July 2024

A domino reaction comprising four consecutive steps based on the strategy of isomerization of allylic alcohols was developed. This base‐catalyzed protocol provided an approach for constructing polysubstituted quinolines without additional additives. A wide range of di‐ or trisubstituted γ‐aminoaryl allylic alcohols bearing alkyl or (hetero)aryl substituents were transformed to a range of structurally diverse quinolines. The utility of this transformation was demonstrated by the application in the concise synthesis of several polysubstituted quinoline derivatives, including natural products and pharmacological agents. Preliminary mechanistic experiments suggest that the isomerization of γ‐aminoaryl allylic alcohol proceeds via an intramolecular 1,3‐hydrogen shift whereas for the aromatization of the dihydroquinoline intermediate two possible pathways exist: acceptorless dehydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation.
Manganese Catalyzed Site‐Selective Hydroxymethylation to 2‐Pyridones and Isoquinolones via C−H Activation
Authors: Rastogi Anushka , Kumar Mohit , Kumar Gangwar Manoj , Koley Dipankar
Published: July 2024

Pyridine‐directed regioselective C−H hydroxymethylation to pyridones and isoquinolones using para‐formaldehyde has been developed under manganese catalysis, offering a wide variety of hydroxymethylated products in 40–85% yields. This operationally simple methodology proceeds in one step using an earth‐ abundant first‐row transition metal‐catalyst without the generation of unwanted salt wastes. A mechanistic study revealed that the C−H metalation step is reversible but not the rate‐determining step. The introduction of hydroxymethyl group in the biologically relevant scaffolds could be used as an intermediate for valuable synthetic transformations.
Revolutionary Point‐of‐Care Wearable Diagnostics for Early Disease Detection and Biomarker Discovery through Intelligent Technologies
Authors: Haghayegh Fatemeh , Norouziazad Alireza , Haghani Elnaz , Feygin Ariel Avraham , Rahimi Reza Hamed , Ghavamabadi Hamidreza Akbari , Sadighbayan Deniz , Madhoun Faress , Papagelis Manos , Felfeli Tina , Salahandish Razieh
Published: July 2024

Early‐stage disease detection, particularly in Point‐Of‐Care (POC) wearable formats, assumes pivotal role in advancing healthcare services and precision‐medicine. Public benefits of early detection extend beyond cost‐effectively promoting healthcare outcomes, to also include reducing the risk of comorbid diseases. Technological advancements enabling POC biomarker recognition empower discovery of new markers for various health conditions. Integration of POC wearables for biomarker detection with intelligent frameworks represents ground‐breaking innovations enabling automation of operations, conducting advanced large‐scale data analysis, generating predictive models, and facilitating remote and guided clinical decision‐making. These advancements substantially alleviate socioeconomic burdens, creating a paradigm shift in diagnostics, and revolutionizing medical assessments and technology development. This review explores critical topics and recent progress in development of 1) POC systems and wearable solutions for early disease detection and physiological monitoring, as well as 2) discussing current trends in adoption of smart technologies within clinical settings and in developing biological assays, and ultimately 3) exploring utilities of POC systems and smart platforms for biomarker discovery. Additionally, the review explores technology translation from research labs to broader applications. It also addresses associated risks, biases, and challenges of widespread Artificial Intelligence (AI) integration in diagnostics systems, while systematically outlining potential prospects, current challenges, and opportunities.
Ureido‐Ionic Liquid Mediated Conductive Hydrogel: Superior Integrated Properties for Advanced Biosensing Applications
Authors: Ji Ruiying , Yan Shaopeng , Zhu Zhiyu , Wang Yaping , He Dan , Wang Kaikai , Zhou Daofeng , Jia Qike , Wang Xiuxiu , Zhang Botao , Shi Changcheng , Xu Ting , Wang Rong , Wang Rui , Zhou Yang
Published: July 2024

Ionic conductive hydrogels (ICHs) have recently gained prominence in biosensing, indicating their potential to redefine future biomedical applications. However, the integration of these hydrogels into sensor technologies and their long‐term efficacy in practical applications pose substantial challenges, including a synergy of features, such as mechanical adaptability, conductive sensitivity, self‐adhesion, self‐regeneration, and microbial resistance. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel hydrogel system using an imidazolium salt with a ureido backbone (UL) as the primary monomer. Fabricated via a straightforward one‐pot copolymerization process that includes betaine sulfonate methacrylate (SBMA) and acrylamide (AM), the hydrogel demonstrates multifunctional properties. The innovation of this hydrogel is attributed to its robust mechanical attributes, outstanding strain responsiveness, effective water retention, and advanced self‐regenerative and healing capabilities, which collectively lead to its superior performance in various applications. Moreover, this hydrogel  exhibited broad‐spectrum antibacterial activity. Its potential for biomechanical monitoring, especially in tandem with contact and noncontact electrocardiogram (ECG) devices, represents a noteworthy advancement in precise real‐time cardiac monitoring in clinical environments. In addition, the conductive properties of the hydrogel make it an ideal substrate for electrophoretic patches aimed at treating infected wounds and consequently enhancing the healing process.
HSF5 Deficiency Causes Male Infertility Involving Spermatogenic Arrest at Meiotic Prophase I in Humans and Mice
Authors: Liu Mohan , Wang Lingbo , Li Yifei , Zhi Erlei , Shen Gan , Jiang Xiaohui , Li Dingming , Zhao Xinya , Ruan Tiechao , Jiang Chuan , Wang Xiang , Zhang Xueguang , Zheng Yanjiang , Wu Bangguo , Ou Ningjing , Zhao Guicheng , Dai Siyu , Zhou Ruixi , Yang Li , Yang Yihong , Liu Hanmin , Shen Ying
Published: July 2024

Meiosis is a specialized cell division process that generates gametes for sexual reproduction. However, the factors and underlying mechanisms involving meiotic progression remain largely unknown, especially in humans. Here, it is first showed that HSF5 is associated with human spermatogenesis. Patients with a pathogenic variant of HSF5 are completely infertile. Testicular histologic findings in the patients reveal rare postmeiotic germ cells resulting from meiotic prophase I arrest. Hsf5 knockout (KO) mice confirms that the loss of HSF5 causes defects in meiotic recombination, crossover formation, sex chromosome synapsis, and sex chromosome inactivation (MSCI), which may contribute to spermatocyte arrest at the late pachytene stage. Importantly, spermatogenic arrest can be rescued by compensatory HSF5 adeno‐associated virus injection into KO mouse testes. Mechanistically, integrated analysis of RNA sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing data revealed that HSF5 predominantly binds to promoters of key genes involved in crossover formation (e.g., HFM1, MSH5 and MLH3), synapsis (e.g., SYCP1, SYCP2 and SYCE3), recombination (TEX15), and MSCI (MDC1) and further regulates their transcription during meiotic progression. Taken together, the study demonstrates that HSF5 modulates the transcriptome to ensure meiotic progression in humans and mice. These findings will aid in genetic diagnosis of and potential treatments for male infertility.
Chaotropic Ions Mediated Polymer Gelation for Thermal Management
Authors: Yin Chenxiao , Sun Jingrui , Cui Chang , Yang Ke‐Ke , Shi Ling‐Ying , Li Yiwen
Published: July 2024

Energy and environmental issues have increasingly garnered significant attention for sustainable development. Flexible and shape‐stable phase change materials display great potential in regulation of environmental temperature for energy saving and human comfort. Here, inspired by the water absorption behavior of salt‐tolerant animals and plants in salinity environment and the Hofmeister theory, highly stable phase change salogels (PCSGs) are fabricated through in situ polymerization of hydrophilic monomers in molten salt hydrates, which can serve multiple functions including thermal management patches, smart windows, and ice blocking coatings. The gelation principles of the polymer in high ion concentration solution are explored through the density functional theory simulation and verified the feasibility of four types of salt hydrates. The high concentration chaotropic ions strongly interacted with polymer chains and promoted the gelation at low polymer concentrations which derive highly‐stable and ultra‐moisturizing PCSGs with high latent heat (> 200 J g−1). The synergistic adhesion and transparency switching abilities accompanied with phase transition enable their smart thermal management. The study resolves the melting leakage and thermal cycling stability of salt hydrates, and open an avenue to fabricate flexible PCM of low cost, high latent heat, and long‐term durability for energy‐saving, ice‐blocking, and thermal management.
Highly Sensitive Room‐Temperature Detection of Ammonia in the Breath of Kidney Disease Patients Using Fe2Mo3O8/MoO2@MoS2 Nanocomposite Gas Sensor
Authors: Li Xian , Zeng Wang , Zhuo Shangjun , Qian Bangwei , Chen Qiao , Luo Qun , Qian Rong
Published: July 2024

A novel Fe2Mo3O8/MoO2@MoS2 nanocomposite is synthesized for extremely sensitive detection of NH3 in the breath of kidney disease patients at room temperature. Compared to MoS2, α‐Fe2O3/MoS2, and MoO2@MoS2, it shows the optimal gas‐sensing performance by optimizing the formation of Fe2Mo3O8 at 900 °C. The annealed Fe2Mo3O8/MoO2@MoS2 nanocomposite (Fe2Mo3O8/MoO2@MoS2‐900 °C) sensor demonstrates a remarkably high selectivity of NH3 with a response of 875% to 30 ppm NH3 and an ultralow detection limit of 3.7 ppb. This sensor demonstrates excellent linearity, repeatability, and long‐term stability. Furthermore, it effectively differentiates between patients at varying stages of kidney disease through quantitative NH3 measurements. The sensing mechanism is elucidated through the analysis of alterations in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) signals, which is supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations illustrating the NH3 adsorption and oxidation pathways and their effects on charge transfer, resulting in the conductivity change as the sensing signal. The excellent performance is mainly attributed to the heterojunction among MoS2, MoO2, and Fe2Mo3O8 and the exceptional adsorption and catalytic activity of Fe2Mo3O8/MoO2@MoS2‐900 °C for NH3. This research presents a promising new material optimized for detecting NH3 in exhaled breath and a new strategy for the early diagnosis and management of kidney disease.
Thermal Effects on Monolithic 3D Ferroelectric Transistors for Deep Neural Networks Performance
Authors: Kumar Shubham , Chauhan Yogesh Singh , Amrouch Hussam
Published: July 2024

Monolithic three‐dimensional (M3D) integration advances integrated circuits by enhancing density and energy efficiency. Ferroelectric thin‐film transistors (Fe‐TFTs) attract attention for neuromorphic computing and back‐end‐of‐the‐line (BEOL) compatibility. However, M3D faces challenges like increased runtime temperatures due to limited heat dissipation, impacting system reliability. This work demonstrates the effect of temperature impact on single‐gate (SG) Fe‐TFT reliability. SG Fe‐TFTs have limitations such as read‐disturbance and small memory windows, constraining their use. To mitigate these, dual‐gate (DG) Fe‐TFTs are modeled using technology computer‐aided design, comparing their performance. Compute‐in‐memory (CIM) architectures with SG and DG Fe‐TFTs are investigated for deep neural networks (DNN) accelerators, revealing heat's detrimental effect on reliability and inference accuracy. DG Fe‐TFTs exhibit about 4.6x higher throughput than SG Fe‐TFTs. Additionally, thermal effects within the simulated M3D architecture are analyzed, noting reduced DNN accuracy to 81.11% and 67.85% for SG and DG Fe‐TFTs, respectively. Furthermore, various cooling methods and their impact on CIM system temperature are demonstrated, offering insights for efficient thermal management strategies.
Nitrogen‐fixing bacteria boost floral attractiveness in a tropical legume species during nutrient limitation
Authors: Souza Caroline , Valadão‐Mendes Lorena B. , Schulze‐Albuquerque Isadora , Bergamo Pedro J. , Souza Douglas D. , Nogueira Anselmo
Published: July 2024

Premise

Legumes establish mutualistic interactions with pollinators and nitrogen (N)‐fixing bacteria that are critical for plant reproduction and ecosystem functioning. However, we know little about how N‐fixing bacteria and soil nutrient availability affect plant attractiveness to pollinators.

Methods

In a two‐factorial greenhouse experiment to assess the impact of N‐fixing bacteria and soil types on floral traits and attractiveness to pollinators in Chamaecrista latistipula (Fabaceae), plants were inoculated with N‐fixing bacteria (NF+) or not (NF‐) and grown in N‐rich organic soil (+N organic soil) or N‐poor sand soil (‐N sand soil). We counted buds and flowers and measured plant size during the experiment. We also measured leaf, petal, and anther reflectance with a spectrophotometer and analyzed reflectance curves. Using the bee hexagon model, we estimated chromatic contrasts, a crucial visual cues for attracting bees that are nearby and more distant.

Results

NF+ plants in ‐N sand soil had a high floral display and color contrasts. On the other hand, NF‐ plants and/or plants in +N organic soil had severely reduced floral display and color contrasts, decreasing floral attractiveness to bee pollinators.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that the N‐fixing bacteria positively impact pollination, particularly when nutrients are limited. This study provides insights into the dynamics of plant–pollinator interactions and underscores the significant influence of root symbionts on key floral traits within tropical ecosystems. These results contribute to understanding the mechanisms governing mutualisms and their consequences for plant fitness and ecological dynamics.
An evolutionary disruption of the buzz pollination syndrome in neotropical montane plants
Authors: Nery Eduardo K. , Caddah Mayara K. , Michelangeli Fabian A. , Nogueira Anselmo
Published: July 2024

Premise

Under pollinator limitations, specialized pollination syndromes may evolve toward contrasting responses: a generalized syndrome with increased pollinator attraction, pollinator reward, and pollen transfer capacity; or the selfing syndrome with increased self‐pollen deposition, but reduced pollinator attraction and pollen transfer capacity. The buzz‐pollination syndrome is specialized to explore female vibrating bees as pollinators. However, vibrating bees become less‐active pollinators at montane areas of the Atlantic Forest (AF) domain. This study investigated whether the specialized buzz‐pollination syndrome would evolve toward an alternative floral syndrome in montane areas of the AF domain, considering a generalized and the selfing syndromes as alternative responses.

Methods

We utilized a lineage within the buzz‐pollinated Miconia as study system, contrasting floral traits between montane AF‐endemic and non‐endemic species. We measured and validated floral traits that were proxies for pollinator attraction, reward access, pollen transfer capacity, and self‐pollen deposition. We inferred the evolution of floral trait via phylogenetic comparative methods.

Results

AF‐endemic species have selectively evolved greater reward access and more frequently had generalist pollination. Nonetheless, AF‐endemic species also have selectively evolved toward lower pollen transfer capacity and greater self pollination. These patterns indicated a complex evolutionary process that has jointly favored a generalized and the selfing syndromes.

Conclusions

The buzz pollination syndrome can undergo an evolutionary disruption in montane areas of the AF domain. This floral syndrome is likely more labile than often assumed, allowing buzz‐pollinated plants to reproduce in environments where vibrating bees are less‐reliable pollinators.
Neurovascular coupling, functional connectivity, and cerebrovascular endothelial extracellular vesicles as biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Owens Cameron D. , Pinto Camila Bonin , Mukli Peter , Gulej Rafal , Velez Faddi Saleh , Detwiler Sam , Olay Lauren , Hoffmeister Jordan R. , Szarvas Zsofia , Muranyi Mihaly , Peterfi Anna , Pinaffi‐Langley Ana Clara da C. , Adams Cheryl , Sharps Jason , Kaposzta Zalan , Prodan Calin I. , Kirkpatrick Angelia C. , Tarantini Stefano , Csiszar Anna , Ungvari Zoltan , Olson Ann L. , Li Guangpu , Balasubramanian Priya , Galvan Veronica , Bauer Andrew , Smith Zachary A. , Dasari Tarun W. , Whitehead Shawn , Medapti Manoj R. , Elahi Fanny M. , Thanou Aikaterini , Yabluchanskiy Andriy
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a prodromal stage of dementia. Understanding the mechanistic changes from healthy aging to MCI is critical for comprehending disease progression and enabling preventative intervention.

METHODS

Patients with MCI and age‐matched controls (CN) were administered cognitive tasks during functional near‐infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recording, and changes in plasma levels of extracellular vesicles (EVs) were assessed using small‐particle flow cytometry.

RESULTS

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) and functional connectivity (FC) were decreased in MCI compared to CN, prominently in the left‐dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC). We observed an increased ratio of cerebrovascular endothelial EVs (CEEVs) to total endothelial EVs in patients with MCI compared to CN, correlating with structural MRI small vessel ischemic damage in MCI. LDLPFC NVC, CEEV ratio, and LDLPFC FC had the highest feature importance in the random Forest group classification.

DISCUSSION

NVC, CEEVs, and FC predict MCI diagnosis, indicating their potential as markers for MCI cerebrovascular pathology.

Highlights

Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is impaired in mild cognitive impairment (MCI).

Functional connectivity (FC) compensation mechanism is lost in MCI.

Cerebrovascular endothelial extracellular vesicles (CEEVs) are increased in MCI.

CEEV load strongly associates with cerebral small vessel ischemic lesions in MCI.

NVC, CEEVs, and FC predict MCI diagnosis over demographic and comorbidity factors.
The role of the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative in establishing the Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network
Authors: Morris John C. , Buckles Virginia D.
Published: July 2024

The Dominantly Inherited Alzheimer Network (DIAN) initially was funded by the National Institute on Aging (NIA) in 2008 and thus was able to adopt and incorporate the protocols developed by the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) that had been established by the NIA in 2004. The use of ADNI protocols for DIAN neuroimaging studies and assays of biological fluids for Alzheimer disease (AD) biomarkers permitted examination of the hypothesis that autosomal dominant AD (ADAD), studied by DIAN, and “sporadic” late‐onset AD (LOAD), studied by ADNI, shared the same pathobiological construct. In a collaborative effort, the longitudinal DIAN and ADNI databases were compared and the findings supported the conclusion that ADAD and LOAD share a similar pathophysiology. The importance of the DIAN study thus is amplified by its relevance to LOAD, as characterized by the “parent” ADNI program.
Organolanthanide Single‐Molecule Magnets with Heterocyclic Ligands
Authors: Wang Yidian , Luo Qian‐Cheng , Zheng Yan‐Zhen
Published: July 2024

Lanthanide (Ln) based mononuclear single‐molecule magnets (SMMs) provide probably the finest ligand regulation model for magnetic property. Recently, the development of such SMMs has witnessed a fast transition from coordination to organometallic complexes because the latter provides a fertile, yet not fully excavated soil for the development of SMMs. Especially those SMMs with heterocyclic ligands have shown the potential to reach higher blocking temperature. In this minireview, we give an overview of the design principle of SMMs and highlight those “shining stars” of heterocyclic organolanthanide SMMs based on the ring sizes of ligands, analysing how the electronic structures of those ligands and the stiffness of subsequently formed molecules affect the dynamic magnetism of SMMs. Finally, we envisaged the future development of heterocyclic Ln‐SMMs.
Realization of Long‐Life Proton Battery by Layer Intercalatable Electrolyte
Authors: Liang Peilin , Di Shuanlong , Zhu Yuxin , Li Zhongbiao , Wang Shulan , Li Li
Published: July 2024

Proton batteries have attracted increasing interests because of their potential for grid‐scale energy storage with high safety and great low‐temperature performances. However, their development is significantly retarded by electrolyte design due to free water corrosion. Herein, we report a layer intercalatable electrolyte (LIE) by introducing trimethyl phosphate (TMP) into traditional acidic electrolyte. Different from conventional role in batteries, the presence of TMP intriguingly achieves co‐intercalation of solvent molecules into the interlayer of anode materials, enabling a new working mechanism for proton reactions. The electrode corrosion was also strongly retarded with expanded electrochemical stability window. The half‐cell therefore showed an outstanding long‐term cycling stability with 91.0 % capacity retention at 5 A g−1 after 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the assembled full batteries can even deliver an ultra‐long lifetime with a capacity retention of 74.9 % for 2 months running at −20 °C. This work provides new opportunities for electrolyte design of aqueous batteries.
Study on causes and laws of crystallization blockage for dolomite tunnel drainage pipeline
Authors: Tao Yonghu , Chen Chaoying
Published: July 2024

In order to study the crystallization blockage law and crystallization mechanism of dolomite tunnel drainage system, based on the indoor model test, the simulated crystal blockage and growth process were simulated. The phase composition and microstructure of the crystal were analyzed by energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD). Combined with the pipeline crystal weighing, the crystal growth law and the internal cause of pipeline blockage were analyzed. The results show that the pipeline crystallization mechanism is divided into the first mechanism, the second mechanism, and the third mechanism. The crystallization blockage of the longitudinal and horizontal pipes are more serious, while the crystallization blockage of the ring pipes are less harmful. The crystallization is positively correlated with ion concentration, crystalline ions having a great influence on the blockage of pipeline crystallization, while noncrystalline ions having little influence. The crystal growth law is fast first and then slow, the crystallization affected by the coupling concentration of Cl−‐K+‐Na + ions, and positively correlated with the coupling concentration of CO32−‐SO42−‐Ca2+‐Mg2+‐Al3+ ions. Compared with the longitudinal pipes and the ring pipes, the horizontal pipes have more crystallization and higher degree of crystallization blockage per meter, while the crystallization degree of the longitudinal pipes are between the horizontal pipes and the ring pipes.
Construction of fully bio‐based flame retardant and antibacterial coating on polyester fabric with chitosan and ammonium phytate
Authors: Li Haoshuai , Zheng Zhenrong , Liu Yanyan , Wang Hongyang , Zheng Zhaolin
Published: July 2024

In this work, a flame retardant and antibacterial coating was constructed on the surface of polyester (PET) fabric by a simple layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly method based on chitosan (CS) and ammonium phytate (APA). The introduction of the coating significantly improved the flame retardant, anti‐dripping, and antibacterial properties of PET fabrics. The PET fabric that has been treated exhibits a limiting oxygen index of 34.6%. During the vertical flame test, it forms an expanded char layer, reduces the damage length to 3.4 cm, and produces no molten drops. The cone calorimeter test results revealed that the peak heat release rate of the treated PET fabric decreased by 62.0%. Additionally, the finished PET fabric has significant antibacterial properties against Escherichia coli, a slight increase in tensile breaking strength, and a slight decrease in whiteness index. This study presents a fully bio‐based, simple, and effective method for flame retardant, anti‐dripping, and antibacterial finishing of PET fabrics.
Thermally stable modification of PEO‐based all‐solid‐state electrolytes via a stretching flow field: Constructing a supportive polymer skeleton
Authors: Yang Zhitao , Zhang Zhen , Li Cheng , Fang Yiping , Liu Yong , Yi Qingfeng
Published: July 2024

Since the advent of all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASSLIBs), they have been widely regarded as the ideal high‐temperature‐resistant energy storage devices. The solid‐state electrolyte, a crucial component, should possess high ionic conductivity, excellent flexibility, and significant mechanical strength. Poly(ethylene oxide)‐based all‐solid‐state polymer electrolytes (PEO‐ASSPE) appear to meet these criteria. However, PEO‐ASSPE exhibits poor stability at elevated temperatures, where localized overheating and internal thermal runaway can lead to battery short‐circuit failure. To address these issues, this study employs a ethylene‐methacrylic acid copolymer (EMAA) as a structural support polymer, blended via a eccentric rotor mixer. The homogeneously dispersed EMAA within the PEO matrix forms an interpenetrating network structure and interacts with other components, significantly enhancing the high‐temperature electrochemical stability of the composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) while maintaining ionic conductivity. Research has demonstrated that when the EMAA content is 40 wt.%, the resulting CPE‐40EMAA exhibit high ionic conductivity (4.07 × 10−4 S cm−1), a high lithium‐ion transference number (0.564), a broad electrochemical stability window (5.1 V), and excellent high‐temperature lithium metal cycling stability (stable cycling for 800 h at current density of 0.1 mA cm−2), which sufficiently meets the electrochemical performance requirements for ASSPEs in high‐temperature energy storage batteries.
Solar collector inspired by the polar bear: Fluorescent‐reinforcing photothermal conversion efficiency
Authors: Peng Hao‐Kai , Wu Xiao‐Feng , Zhao Hong‐Yan , Wang Xiao‐Meng , Li Ting‐Ting , Lou Ching‐Wen , Lin Jia‐Horng
Published: July 2024

The crucial point of solar thermal utilization makes solar heat collector gathering much attention. In this study, imitating polar bears' fur structure, fluorescent materials are modified into a solar heat collector, and the photothermal conversion is evaluated to examine the influence of polyvinyl alcohol concentration, fluorescent luminescence type and fluorescence concentration. The test results indicate that fluorescent materials that has a greater Stokes shift show the greater photothermal effect. Moreover, when composed of a PVA concentration being 5.0% and a fluorescent concentration being 0.50%, the composites exhibit the maximal photothermal conversion temperature (99.4°C) that is 17.9% higher than that of the solar heat collectors without fluorescent materials. This study proposes creating solar heat collector with modified fluorescent materials, and the new perspective of which demonstrates that the composites have a great potential and application prospect in the solar photothermal field.
The consequences of calcium: investigating intracortical reproductive signals in the American alligator for sex determination
Authors: Heck Christian T. , Woodward Holly N.
Published: July 2024

Identifying sex in extinct archosaurs has proven difficult due, in part, to low sample sizes, preservation biases, and methodology. While previous studies have largely focused on morphological traits, here we investigate intracortical signals of egg‐shelling in extant alligators. Egg‐shelling requires large mobilizations of calcium reserves. Aves utilize medullary tissue as a calcium reserve, whereas crocodylians mobilize calcium from cortical bone or osteoderms. If crocodylians derive calcium from bone cortices for egg‐shelling, then egg‐shelling events should be detectable in female crocodylian cortical bone. We examined mid‐diaphyseal Alligator mississippiensis femoral bone cross‐sections for signals of reproduction. Compaction and area of resorbed tissue were measured in femoral cross‐sections from captive raised male (n = 10) and female (n = 29) A. mississippiensis of 26–27 years at age of death. This sample is more robust than previous studies, though reproductive history data is unknown. Femora from a small sample of wild caught male (n = 6) and female (n = 6) A. mississippiensis were also measured. Data were analyzed by pairwise t‐tests between sex and captivity status. There was no significant difference in either compaction or resorbed tissue values between male and female alligators, regardless of habitat (wild or captive‐raised). A reproductive signal was undetectable in this study and any quantifiable differences between sexes appears to be driven by size dimorphism. Cortical resorption rates in the femora of male and female alligators are reflective of normal aging processes and not indicative of egg‐shelling during reproduction. Examination of younger alligators would clarify processes driving bone turnover during reproductively active years.
Phosphorous – Containing Activated Carbon Derived From Natural Honeydew Peel Powers Aqueous Supercapacitors
Authors: Minakshi Manickam , Samayamanthry Achini , Whale Jonathan , Aughterson Rob , Shinde Pragati A. , Ariga Katsuhiko , Kumar Shrestha Lok
Published: July 2024

The introduction of phosphorous (P), and oxygen (O) heteroatoms in the natural honeydew chemical structure is one of the most effective, and practical approaches to synthesizing activated carbon for possible high‐performance energy storage applications. The performance metrics of supercapacitors depend on surface functional groups and high‐surface‐area electrodes that can play a dominant role in areas that require high‐power applications. Here, we report a phosphorous and oxygen co‐doped honeydew peel‐derived activated carbon (HDP‐AC) electrode with low surface area for supercapacitor via H3PO4 activation. This activator forms phosphorylation with cellulose fibers in the HDP. The formation of heteroatoms stabilizes the cellulose structure by preventing the formation of levoglucosan (C6H10O5), a cellulose combustion product, which would otherwise offer a pathway for a substantial degradation of cellulose into volatile products. Therefore, heteroatom doping has proved effective, in improving the electrochemical properties of AC‐based electrodes for supercapacitors. The specific capacitance of HDP‐AC exhibits greatly improved performance with increasing carbon‐to‐H3PO4 ratio, especially in energy density and power density. The improved performance is attributed to the high phosphorous doping with a hierarchical porous structure, which enables the transportation of ions at higher current rates. The high specific capacitance of 486, and 478 F/g at 0.6, and 1.3 A/g in 1 M H2SO4 electrolyte with a prominent retention of 98.5 % is observed for 2 M H3PO4 having an impregnation ratio of 1 : 4. The higher yield of HDP‐AC could only be obtained at an activation temperature of 500 °C with an optimized amount of H3PO4 ratio. The findings suggest that the concentration of heteroatoms as surface functional groups in the synthesized HDP‐AC depends on the chosen biomass precursor and the processing conditions. This work opens new avenues for utilizing biomass‐derived materials in energy storage, emphasizing the importance of sustainable practices in addressing environmental challenges and advancing toward a greener future.
Choroid plexus volumes and auditory verbal learning scores are associated with conversion from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Pearson Michael J. , Wagstaff Ruth , Williams Rebecca J. ,   for the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) can be the prodromal phase of Alzheimer's disease (AD) where appropriate intervention might prevent or delay conversion to AD. Given this, there has been increasing interest in using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and neuropsychological testing to predict conversion from MCI to AD. Recent evidence suggests that the choroid plexus (ChP), neural substrates implicated in brain clearance, undergo volumetric changes in MCI and AD. Whether the ChP is involved in memory changes observed in MCI and can be used to predict conversion from MCI to AD has not been explored.

Method

The current study used data from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database to investigate whether later progression from MCI to AD (progressive MCI [pMCI], n = 115) or stable MCI (sMCI, n = 338) was associated with memory scores using the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and ChP volumes as calculated from MRI. Classification analyses identifying pMCI or sMCI group membership were performed to compare the predictive ability of the RAVLT and ChP volumes.

Finding

The results indicated a significant difference between pMCI and sMCI groups for right ChP volume, with the pMCI group showing significantly larger right ChP volume (p = .01, 95% confidence interval [−.116, −.015]). A significant linear relationship between the RAVLT scores and right ChP volume was found across all participants, but not for the two groups separately. Classification analyses showed that a combination of left ChP volume and auditory verbal learning scores resulted in the most accurate classification performance, with group membership accurately predicted for 72% of the testing data.

Conclusion

These results suggest that volumetric ChP changes appear to occur before the onset of AD and might provide value in predicting conversion from MCI to AD.
Catalytic Appel Reaction Accessing the Mesoporous Substructure of a Robust and Heterogeneous Polyphosphamide
Authors: Mahata Anup , Kumari Nidhi , Chakraborty Biswarup
Published: July 2024

Polyphosphamides are normally good flame retardants. Herein a mesoporous polyphosphamide (p‐PPA) with an accessible average pore diameter of <10 nm and a surface area of 1.773 m2/g has been synthesized via condensation of 1,3‐diamino benzene (DAB) and phenyl phosphinic dichloride (PPDC). 31P, 13C CP‐MAS solid‐state NMR, Raman, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) characterizations confirm the presence of ‐{PV(O)‐NH}‐ in the repeating unit of the p‐PPA that is further used as a catalytic mediator to perform the Appel reaction i. e., conversion of alcohols to halides with a broad substrate scope and high TON (561). The heterogeneity of p‐PPA allows easy recovery of organic halides and recycling of the catalyst many times. Mesoporous p‐PPA has further given a scope to perform shape‐selective conversion of primary alcohols with linear alkyl chain (1‐dodecanol) while a low conversion for the bulky secondary (cyclo‐hexanol) and tertiary alcohol (tert‐butanol) is observed. Perhaps, the phosphamide units present inside the porous channel are non‐preferable sites for bulkier alcohols, as evident from the competitive experiments. A comparatively less catalytic conversion obtained with an analogous non‐porous n‐PPA, made of tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine (TREN) linker, highlights the role of porosity in p‐PPA to enhance the accessibility of numerous ‐{PV(O)‐NH}‐ reactive units to increase the TON.
Functional Linkers Support Targeting of Multivalent Tweezers to Taspase1
Authors: Hommel Katrin , Kauth Alisa‐Maite A. , Kirupakaran Abbna , Theisen Sebastian , Hayduk Matthias , Niemeyer Felix C. , Beuck Christine , Zadmard Reza , Bayer Peter , Jan Ravoo Bart , Voskuhl Jens , Schrader Thomas , Knauer Shirley K.
Published: July 2024

Taspase 1 is a unique protease not only pivotal for embryonic development but also implicated in leukemias and solid tumors. As such, this enzyme is a promising while still challenging therapeutic target, and with its protein structure featuring a flexible loop preceding the active site a versatile model system for drug development. Supramolecular ligands provide a promising complementary approach to traditional small‐molecule inhibitors. Recently, the multivalent arrangement of molecular tweezers allowed the successful targeting of Taspase 1’s surface loop. With this study we now want to take the next logic step und utilize functional linker systems that not only allow the implementation of novel properties but also engage in protein surface binding. Consequently, we chose two different linker types differing from the original divalent assembly: a backbone with aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) properties to enable monitoring of binding and a calix[4]arene scaffold initially pre‐positioning the supramolecular binding units. With a series of four AIE‐equipped ligands with stepwise increased valency we demonstrated that the functionalized AIE linkers approach ligand binding affinities in the nanomolar range and allow efficient proteolytic inhibition of Taspase 1. Moreover, implementation of the calix[4]arene backbone further enhanced the ligands’ inhibitory potential, pointing to a specific linker contribution.
Electrostatic Surface Potentials and Chalcogen‐Bonding Motifs of Substituted 2,1,3‐Benzoselenadiazoles Probed via 77Se Solid‐State NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Georges Tristan , Ovens Jeffrey S. , Bryce David L.
Published: July 2024

Chalcogen bonds (ChB) are moderately strong, directional, and specific non‐covalent interactions that have garnered substantial interest over the last decades. Specifically, the presence of two σ‐holes offers great potential for crystal engineering, catalysis, biochemistry, and molecular sensing. However, ChB applications are currently hampered by a lack of methods to characterize and control chalcogen bonds. Here, we report on the influence of various substituents (halogens, cyano, and methyl groups) on the observed self‐complementary ChB networks of 2,1,3‐benzoselenadiazoles. From molecular electrostatic potential calculations, we show that the electrostatic surface potentials (ESP) of the σ‐holes on selenium are largely influenced by the electron‐withdrawing character of these substituents. Structural analyses via X‐ray diffraction reveal a variety of ChB geometries and binding modes that are rationalized via the computed ESP maps, although the structure of 5,6‐dimethyl‐2,1,3‐benzoselenadiazole also demonstrates the influence of steric interactions. 77Se solid‐state magic‐angle spinning NMR spectroscopy, in particular the analysis of the selenium chemical shift tensors, is found to be an effective probe able to characterize both structural and electrostatic features of these self‐complementary ChB systems. We find a positive correlation between the value of the ESP maxima at the σ‐holes and the experimentally measured 77Se isotropic chemical shift, while the skew of the chemical shift tensor is established as a metric which is reflective of the ChB binding motif.