bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study on the Association between Cesarean Section Birth and Asthma Risk in the Pediatric Population of the Health Area of Palencia between 1993 and 2020
Authors: Rodríguez Calleja Jesús , Jiménez Hernández Eva María , Macías Panedas Alba , Soltero Carracedo José Fernando , González García Carla , Barrio Alonso María Paz , Cantero Tejedor María Teresa , Fernández Alonso José Elviro
Published: July 2024

Introduction and Objectives: Both asthma prevalence and the percentage of cesarean sections have increased in parallel in recent years. Research studies suggest an increased risk of developing atopic diseases and asthma after cesarean section birth compared to vaginal delivery. The main objective of this study is to analyze the risk of asthma admission after cesarean section birth compared to vaginal delivery in the pediatric population.
Population and Methods: Retrospective observational analytical case-control study from 1993 to 2020. The cases include all admitted patients to our health area hospital, for patients aged 7 to 16 diagnosed with asthma. For each case, a control without a diagnosis of asthma is selected with the same age, and that has also caused an episode of admission.
Results: A total of 290 admission episodes with a diagnosis of asthma were obtained, caused by 155 patients. Out of these, 145 cases with documented delivery types were selected. For cases, 155 controls were selected. The historical proportion of cesarean sections in the asthmatic group is 18.6%, compared to 14.2% in the non-asthmatic group. There is a statistically non-significant difference of 4.4% more cesarean sections in the asthmatic group compared to the control group.
Discussion: We have not demonstrated a statistically significant association between being born by cesarean section and an increased risk of asthma admission. Based on this finding, we cannot conclude that there is an association between being born by cesarean section and a higher risk of suffering from asthma, unlike what has been postulated in other research studies.
Comprehensive hull structures diagnostics using a distributed fiber-optic sensors system
Authors:   Perm Scientific-Industrial Instrument Making Company, Anikin I.Yu. , Zaletin V.V. ,   NPO Special Materials, Savitsky O.A. ,   N.Andreyev Acoustics Institute, Sorokovikov Valery N. ,   Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2024

The possibility of constructing real-time systems that provide vibration diagnostics and acoustic diagnostics of complex man-made objects hull structures based on distributed fiber-optic sensors is substantiated. The problem of detecting and localizing sources of acoustic emission using a fiber-optic measuring system placed on a surface housing structure is considered. When solving the detection problem, the flow of acoustic emission signals is characterized by a statistically average pulse repetition rate, their amplitude and time distribution. All parameters of emission signals are random variables with a priori unknown characteristics. To solve the detection problem, the sequential Wald analysis algorithm is used according to the “M out of N” detection criterion. A fiber-optic measuring system has been developed and manufactured, combining the capabilities of vibration diagnostics and acoustic diagnostics of the hull structure. To increase the noise immunity of a fiber-optic measuring system, it is proposed to interrogate it with a broadband signal, for example, a signal with linear frequency modulation.
Actual methods of realization of orbital angular moments of photons in scientific and technical systems
Authors:   MIREA - Russian Technological University (RTU MIREA), Kuzyakov B.A. , Timoshenkov Alexey S. ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET), Solovjev Vladimir Stepanovich ,   National Research University of Electronic Technology (MIET)
Published: July 2024

The article discusses several highly effective methods for realizing the orbital angular momentum of photons in laser beams, including the use of phase plates, metasurfaces and injection into a fiber. These methods provide effective compensation for turbulence aberrations in wireless telecommunications systems.
THE MOLECULAR CANCER SUBTYPES VERSUS THE INDUSTRY ARSENAL. WHICH ONE DRIVES GASTRIC CANCER TREATMENT?
Authors: ASSUMPÇÃO Paulo Pimentel de , KASSAB Paulo
Published: July 2024

ABSTRACT Molecular medicine opened new horizons in understanding disease mechanisms and discovering target interventions. The wider availability of DNA and RNA sequencing, immunohistochemical analysis, proteomics, and other molecular tests changed how physicians manage diseases. The gastric cancer molecular classification proposed by The Cancer Genome Atlas Program divides gastric adenocarcinomas into four subtypes. However, the available targets and/or immunotherapies approved for clinical use seem to be dissociated from these molecular subtypes. Until a more reliable interpretation of the stupendous amount of data provided by the molecular classifications is presented, the clinical guidelines will rely on available actionable targets and approved therapies to guide clinicians in conducting cancer management in the era of molecular therapies.
INVESTIGATING THE ROLE OF CRYSTALLINE TiO2 NANOTUBES IN THE PHOTOELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF g-C3N4/TiO2 COMPOSITES
Authors: Pandey Beauty , Shankar Daya , Madaka Ramakrishna
Published: June 2024

Sunlight driven photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting has garnered excessive attention as an eco-friendly technique to produce renewable hydrogen. Designing TiO2 based composites have evolved as an efficient strategy to extend the photoactivity of TiO2, inhibit their charge recombination and increase their stability. Owing to its well-matched energy bands, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as an effective counterpart of TiO2. The present work reports the synthesis of gC3N4/ TiO2 composites from a three-step process where bulk g-C3N4 was electrodeposited on separated TiO2 nanotubes from a constantly rotating organic suspension at a voltage of about ~ 90 V for desired time. To explore the role of crystalline TiO2 nanotubes on the composite formation, g-C3N4 was similarly electrodeposited on amorphous separated nanotubes etched from Ti Foil to obtain g-C3N4/amorphous TiO2 nanotube which was then annealed at 450°C for 3 h. UV-Vis, FTIR, Raman and PL spectra was recorded for virgin TiO2 nanotube and g-C3N4/ TiO2 nanotube composites formed under varying deposition conditions to investigate their optoelectronic properties comparatively. The photoresponse of the samples was evaluated from photoelectrochemical measurements. All the composites demonstrated good photoactivity and enhanced photoelectrochemical response going upto an order increase than bare TiO2. The microstructural study revealed the effect of crystalline TiO2 nanotubes on the composite formation. TiO2 nanotube arrays provide a direct pathway for electron transfer and the ease of access of its inner and outer surfaces aid in light scattering more efficiently. Incorporating bulk g-C3N4 is appealing as a simple process that decreases the complexity and promotes increased light harvesting.
Understanding the Impact of Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal and Comorbid Health Conditions on Physical and Mental Health and Quality of Life in 956 Adults Aged 50 to 65
Authors: Gelinas Catherine P. , Dabbagh Armaghan , MacDermid Joy C.
Published: June 2024

The objective of the study was to examine the relationship and impact of comorbidity, pain, and function on quality of life in people aged 50-65 with upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (UED), controlling for sex, occupational status, and age. This was a cross-sectional study. We performed hierarchical linear regression models to assess the extent that comorbidity and injury-related pain and disability affected overall health-related quality of life measured by the SF-36. We included 956 patients, of whom 601 were female. Physical and mental disability were associated significantly with lower levels of UE functional capacity (effect physical health = 0.24, SE = 0.10, P < 0.001; effect mental health = 0.17, SE = 0.09, P < 0.05). Comorbidity, pain, and occupational status have indirect relationships with UED, such that greater pain, a larger burden of comorbid health conditions, and less participation in the workforce, is associated with poorer physical and mental health. Mobility is key in promoting health and quality of life while contributing towards a successful transition into retirement.
Failure as an Obstacle or a Support: The Failure Beliefs Scale Development Study
Authors: Kılıç Sabire , Yüksel Galip
Published: June 2024

This scale development study aims to measure the failure beliefs of adults in Turkish culture by addressing the concept of failure based on Carol Dweck's implicit theories. In the study, the stages of the scale development process were followed with a mixed method approach. Firstly, qualitative data was gathered through literature review and focus groups and later the scale was tested by conducting exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on quantitative data gained from totally 887 adults. As a result of the analyses, the Failure Beliefs Scale was developed consisting of a total of eight items and two factors, one of which measures the beliefs that failure is debilitating, and the other factor measures the beliefs that failure is enhancing. The measurement invariance of the scale across gender was examined and to ensure the reliability of the scale, internal consistency and stability coefficients were calculated. The scale was found to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for measuring adults' failure beliefs. The use of the scale in studies related to failure in different fields such as education and work will contribute to future studies in Türkiye.
Optimización del proceso VARTM, para el prototipado de un guardachoque, utilizando materiales compuestos híbridos
Authors: Jiménez-Pereira Diego Javier , Picoita-Camacho Christian Augusto
Published: July 2024

To provide an alternative for manufacturing auto parts using composite materials, the Vacuum Assisted Resin Transfer Molding (VARTM) process was utilized to prototype the bumper for the Chevrolet Aveo vehicle. This technique emerges as an alternative for composite material manufacturing, allowing for rapid and high-quality production of advanced composites. In this study, a hybrid composite material reinforced with fiberglass, cabuya fiber, IN2 epoxy resin, an infusion mesh, peel ply, and a vacuum bag was employed. To optimize the VARTM process in bumper prototyping, several simulations of resin flow were conducted with different locations of resin injection and vacuum entry points. Autodesk Moldflow Insight software facilitated the modification and addition of resin injection points to observe the flow evolution, thus determining the filling time for each proposed design. Six different designs were applied for the bumper mold filling. The proposed linear flow design reduced the total filling time of the bumper mold by 81.56% compared to the other five designs analyzed. The result of the numerical simulation was validated through the experimental process, where a high degree of concordance in the mold filling time was achieved between both methods.
Realism in Scholasticism: Invention of the Concept
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Russian Federation, Kudba Vladislav
Published: June 2024

The ancient separation of the world into the domains of ideas and things created the ground for questioning about true existence. Thus, reality could be attributed to ideas, or it could be attributed to things. Given the tension between Platonic and Aristotelian ontologies, the problem of the status of general notions was embodied in medieval philosophical discussion, often clothed in theological form. The article reconstructs the controversy around the ontological status of universals within several scholastic doctrines. The essence of this dispute, from a perspective that is of ontological and gnoseological interest, comes down to clarifying the categorical grid, within which it is possible to make statements concerning reality. There are at least three main positions that refl ect the views of scholastic thinkers on the ontological nature of universals: realism, nominalism and conceptualism. The basic difference between them is determined by confl icting opinions regarding the issues of autonomy of the existence of universals, their dependence on the mind and things, and also about their materiality. This study reproduces the crucial moves of the scholastic thought of realists (A. Canterbury), nominalists (W. Occam), conceptualists (P. Abelard) and moderate realists (F. Aquinas), around which the conceptual background of the conversation about reality is formed. At the same time, it became obvious that the concept of realism (which was not yet in the philosophical vocabulary during the period of scholasticism) acquires its features in the intersections and contradictions between positions in the range from strong realism to extreme nominalism. Besides, it has been demonstrated in actual analysis that a set of alternative solutions to the problem of universals was refl ected in the broad philosophical problems of Modern (along the epistemological teachings of rationalism and empiricism) and contemporary thought (in projects of speculative realism, fl at ontologies, as well as in the fi eld of philosophy of mind). At the same time, it must be recognized, as a result, that the later development of the concept of realism and the problems of cognition associated with it had a retrospective impact on the correlation of scholastic positions with each other.
Practical Tasks of Posthumanism. Blurring the Outer Boundaries of Humanity
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Voronov Yury
Published: June 2024

This article systematizes practical tasks that can be attributed to the implementation of the ideas of posthumanism. The reader’s attention is drawn to the erosion process on the external boundaries of human society. There are many lawsuits that recognize animal rights. There are several aspects to this process. The fi rst is the recognition of the rights of wild animals and partial bans on their keeping in captivity and the introduction into legal circulation of the category ‘non-human person’. The second is to reduce the number of laboratory animals subjected to lethal experiments in order to obtain new drugs and develop new methods of treating people. Previously, this activity was considered morally justifi ed. Currently, it is under the close attention of animal rights activists and is controlled in the legal sphere. The third aspect of the problem is the emergence of ways to take into account the rights of pets. If previously pets were equated with things, now there is a shift towards external control over the relationship between pets and their owners. Many countries have laws protecting the rights of pets. The fourth aspect of the problem is that new relationships between human society and the world of microorganisms have formed. If previously this world was predominantly interpreted as hostile and predominantly pathogenic microorganisms were studied, in recent decades microorganisms that have a beneficial effect on human health have begun to attract significantly more attention. Finally, the fifth aspect is the emergence and solution of new problems on the external border of humanity and the virtual world created by people. Previously, this world existed in the form of fantasies, religious concepts, art, folklore, etc. But the boundary between this world and real people was not fully realized. In recent years, artificial intelligence, intelligently operating mechanisms and much more have appeared in this virtual world, which makes this world equal to the human one.
Methodological Problems in Assessing Capital Investments of Electric Grid Companies
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation, Shulgin Grigory
Published: June 2024

In the article the author reveals the most significant methodological problems in this most important area, which is the basis for the reproduction of economic systems, on the basis of considering the most widely used methods of capital investment assessment. The article also provides a brief theoretical characterization of capital investments. It is concluded that the reason for methodological problems in the assessment of capital investments is the issue of the nature of capital, which has not been fully resolved in the field of fundamental economic theory. The author draws attention to the fact that the detailed methods of capital investment assessment for specific conditions of management of individual sectoral economic systems, elaborated in scientific articles, dissertations and other works, do not receive scientific generalization and balanced assessment of the community. In fact, it means that there are no methods proven and used by many researchers and practitioners. It is shown that it is inappropriate to completely identify the investment process, project appraisal and capital investments of enterprises. The author points out the gap between financial and technological efficiency existing in the theory and practice of work with investments. Further, using the example of the Russian electric power transmission industry, the author shows how general methods of capital investment assessment may not be applicable depending on specific industry conditions, and how theoretical and methodological problems in practice turn into a lack of tools for decision-making. In conclusion, based on the consideration of disproportions in the mechanism of capital investment assessment, implementation and regulation, another fundamental issue of the theory arises – the need to change approaches to the conflict of interests and regulation of natural monopolies as a non-cooperative game.
Soviet Sport: Attempts of Galvanizing Eidos in Modern Films about Outstanding Soviet Athletes
Authors:   Kazan Higher Tank Command Order of Zhukov Red Banner School, Russian Federation, Lipitskaya Valentina
Published: June 2024

The author believes that the so-called cinematic speaking on the Soviet, that is, an array of texts, formulated within the contours of fi lm, television, and other screen arts, is one of the representative sources shaping the domestic discourse of the reception of the Soviet. Within the framework of this work, research attention is focused on the consideration of modern Russian films about the legends of Soviet sports, which, in the area of the abovementioned cinematic speaking, appeal to a number of phrase themes, such as sports, personality, heroism, asceticism, service, and moral values. According to the author, the repetitive nature of references to Soviet sports mythology is associated with the dire need of having some kind of incredible task fulfilled; but, unlike, for example, S. Toymentsev, the author considers this task to be cultural, educational and didactic rather than politically predetermined. The author sees Soviet sports biopics as a good opportunity for a large-scale conversation at the level of everyday consciousness, designed to ensure the galvanization of eidos, re-launch of values and remastering of meanings. However, despite the self-evidently noble nature of such intentions, modern sports dramas are unable to fully realize their mission for a number of reasons. The first reason why biographical films about Soviet athletes do not turn into a guide to action, and their protagonists do not become sought-after role models, is the dramatic discrepancy between the glorified personal qualities of the heroes and the main plots of current popular psychology, which consistently inculcates the cult of hedonism and the so-called ‘positive mindset’. The second reason that determines the emergence of the viewer’s “cognitive lag” is associated with the unanimous silencing in such films of the ideological component of Soviet social relations as a factor that necessarily shapes personality (or the reduction of this factor to requisite and decorative markers): a complex of behavioral patterns, choices and motives thus turn out to be impenetrable to the viewer in the absence of interpretative model. As the third reason, the author names the formal, ‘dotted’ manner of depicting Soviet temporality in “champion fi lm sagas” and comes to the conclusion that unpacking and appropriating the didactic, instructive potential of legendary sports stories is impossible without a thoughtful depiction of Soviet social time.
An algorithm for planning the UAV route in conditions of a lack of visual landmarks
Authors:   St. Petersburg Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Konovalov Konstantin D.
Published: June 2024

Today, unmanned aircraft is used to solve a variety of tasks. One of the problems that arise when using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is the problem of navigation, in particular, determining their exact location in space. Today, there are various methods to solve this problem. A promising way to solve it in conditions where it is impossible to use a satellite navigation system is video navigation systems that use visual landmarks to determine location. In this paper, an overview of the existing types of UAV video navigation systems was carried out. The peculiarities of the operation of video navigation systems using the comparison of visual landmarks with satellite maps were also highlighted. The task was set to find a route in conditions of a lack of visual landmarks, in which the problem of losing reference points may arise. The graph data format used is described, which stores the values of the metric of the diversity of the underlying surface, which characterizes the magnitude of the probability of the problem of losing reference points. The existing algorithms for finding a path in a graph are considered and the need to develop a new algorithm is justified. A theoretical description of the algorithm was proposed, in which the path search process is divided into two stages: first, a solution option is searched for with the maximum value of the metric of diversity of the underlying surface, and then a route with the minimum length is selected. Several options of the implementation of the proposed algorithm were also presented and their asymptotic complexity was estimated. Based on the theoretical description, a software implementation of the proposed algorithm was developed and an experimental verification of the correctness of its operation on a test card with various flight tasks was performed. According to the test results, the proposed algorithm has shown its effectiveness by constructing routes correctly in all test examples. In the future, this algorithm can be used as part of the UAV video navigation system. The main advantages and disadvantages of the proposed algorithm were also described and ways for its further improvement were proposed.
The use of predictive regulators to improve the quality of asynchronous hydrogenerator control processes
Authors:   Bratsk State University, Russian Federation, Bulatov Yura N. , Kryukov Andrey V. ,   Irkutsk State Transport University, Russian Federation,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Russian Federation, Suslov Konstantin V. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Russian Federation,   National Research University "MEI", Moscow, Russian Federation, Shumansky Eduard K. ,   Bratsk State University, Russian Federation
Published: June 2024

The introduction of distributed generation (DG) plants into electric power systems (EPS) requires solving problems related to the development of control systems in normal, emergency and post-emergency modes in order to increase their reliability and stability. Asynchronous generators (ASG), which have advantages over synchronous machines can be used in DG plants. However, their application requires the development of modern automatic control systems (ACS). The article discusses a distribution electric network with DG plants based on ASG. At the same time, special attention is paid to the development of ACS ASG models. The aim of the research was to determine the effects of the use of predictive regulators (PR) for ASG management. For this purpose, modeling of the normal, emergency and post-emergency modes of the electric network was performed, which included two ASGs driven by hydraulic turbines. The third and fifth harmonics were generated in the connection node of the power plant. A three-phase short circuit in a 35 kV network with a duration of one second was considered as a disturbance. The results obtained allowed us to draw the following conclusions: the use of PR improves the quality of electricity. The harmonic coefficients of the voltage are reduced by 7.35 %, and the voltage asymmetry coefficients in the reverse sequence are reduced by 50 %. Predictive frequency regulators of ASG with a fixed forecast time calculated according to the proposed methodology improve the control processes. For example, the duration of the transition process for the first ASG is reduced by a third, and the maximum frequency deviation is reduced by 20 %. The degree of its attenuation increases by 33 %.
Challenges for Sustainable Interprofessional Education in South Korea: Insights from Key Global Countries
Authors: Yu Ji Hye , Park Kwi Hwa
Published: July 2024

Interprofessional education (IPE) is relatively new in medical schools in South Korea. Since the introduction of IPE in 2022, its effective and sustainable implementation has been of great interest in medical schools. This study analyzed literature on the development of IPE in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, Australia, and Japan to explore strategies for successful IPE in Korean medical schools. A systematic literature search focused on institutionalizing IPE yielded 30 papers for review. The findings included the following crucial elements for effective IPE: (1) government or institutional-led support; (2) establishment of networks and partnerships; (3) development of standardized core competency frameworks for IPE; and (4) inclusion of IPE in accreditation standards. These aspects underscore the importance of IPE as an essential component of health professional education that should be effectively and sustainably implemented in academic settings. The study concludes that the successful integration and sustainable development of IPE in Korean health education will necessitate expanded and proactive governmental support. Moreover, promoting collaborations among universities, hospitals, and local healthcare institutions will be vital for creating synergies in implementing IPE programs. Establishing networks to develop and execute joint IPE initiatives and securing initial support for conceptualizing and developing competency frameworks will be critical. Additionally, forming consortia of healthcare accreditation bodies to collaboratively develop and incorporate IPE standards into evaluation criteria will be essential. Efforts to surmount these challenges will contribute to building a structural and institutional support system for the successful introduction and sustainability of IPE in Korea.
LINE-1 hypomethylation and HIST1H4F hypermethylation as oncomarkers in liquid biopsy of colorectal cancer
Authors: Kondratova V. N. , Botezatu I. V. , Stroganova A. M. , Dranko S. L. , Lichtenstein A. V.
Published: July 2024

Introduction. Local hypermethylation of gene promoters and global genome hypomethylation are well-known manifestations of aberrant methylation associated with carcinogenesis. We investigated this phenomenon as a possible diagnostic marker for liquid biopsy of colorectal cancer using the original quantitative DNA melting analysis with hybridiza-tion probes (qDMA-HP) method.

   Aim. To quantify the methylation of HIST1H4F promoter and LINE-1 transposon in circulating blood plasma DNA of colorectal cancer patients.

   Materials and methods. Bisulfite-treated DNA samples isolated from blood plasma of healthy donors and cancer patients were analyzed. HIST1H4F methylation was assessed by asymmetric polymerase chain reaction with hybridized probe and post-amplification melting of probe / amplicon hybrids. To test for repetitive and highly polymorphic LINE-1 sequences, asymmetric polymerase chain reaction with hybridized probe and SYBR Green intercalating dye was used, followed by melting of hybrids and analysis of multicomponent melt curves.

   Results. High diagnostic efficiency of LINE-1 and HIST1H4F methylation markers in liquid biopsy of colorectal cancer was demonstrated with the area under the ROC curve = 0.92, sensitivity – 100 %, specificity – 84 %. Cross validation supports this result. Hypermethylation of HIST1H4F and hypomethylation of LINE-1 are statistically significantly correlated (Spearman correlation coefficient r = 0.4; p = 0.01).

   Conclusion. The qDMA-HP is suitable for quantitative assessment of aberrant methylation of various clinically significant genes.
The “Makarovo” Component of Sosnovyi Bor, Southern Angara, Revisited
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Kuznetsov A. M. , Kogai S. A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

В статье представлены результаты ревизии эолово-коррадированной кремневой коллекции культуросодержащего горизонта VI стоянки Сосновый Бор (Южное Приангарье) в Ангаро-Бельском геоархеологическом районе. Первоначально индустрия была включена в состав «макаровского палеолитического пласта» и датирована в соответствии с представлениями о периодах экстремальной дефляции в Сибири докаргинским/домуруктинским временем. По итогам проведенной ревизии уточнен состав коллекции, скорректированы представления об орудийном наборе и стратегиях расщепления, характеристиках эоловой корразии артефактов. Поставлен под сомнение ранее выдвинутый тезис о торцовом расщеплении бифасиальных форм. Результаты анализа указывают на использование объемного призматического и плоскостного пластинчатого расщепления с максимальной редукцией остаточных форм. Определены два основных типа заготовок - пластинки и небольшие пластины. Мелкоразмерный орудийный набор содержит резцы, орудия с оформленным рабочим кончиком («носиком», «шипом»), ретушированные пластины, в т.ч. с ретушью в проксимальной части. Проявления эоловой корразии варьируют от слабого блеска до полного стачивания граней и ямчатости поверхности. Хронологическая и культурная близость индустрий Соснового Бора и Макарово IV, несмотря на ряд сходных характеристик (условия постдепозиции, принцип расщепления), ставится под сомнение из-за явного контраста в орудийном наборе. В качестве ближайшего аналога комплекса могут рассматриваться мелкопластинчатые раннесартанские индустрии Забайкалья и Енисейской Сибири. Пескоструйная обработка материала могла произойти в криоаридный максимум последнего ледниковья. Сделан вывод о возможном отнесении рассматриваемой индустрии к средней поре верхнего палеолита.
Testing the Sample Preparation Method and Oxygen Isotopic Analysis of Tooth Enamel for the Reconstruction of the Birth Seasonality of Ovicaprines (the Case of Teeth from Istykskaya Cave, Eastern Pamir)
Authors:   ZooSCAn International Research Laboratory, CNRS–IAET SB RAS, IRL 2013, Babina K. A. ,   “AIsotopes” Isotope Research Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Novosibirsk State University, Shnaider S. V. ,   ZooSCAn International Research Laboratory, CNRS–IAET SB RAS, IRL 2013, Bragina А. А. ,   “AIsotopes” Isotope Research Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Novosibirsk State University, Parkhomchuk Е. V. ,   “AIsotopes” Isotope Research Laboratory, Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences,   Novosibirsk State University
Published: June 2024

Получение циклических вариаций δ18O вдоль линии роста вторых и третьих моляров позволяет определить сезон формирования эмали и с учетом времени прорезывания зубов, полного созревания эмали реконструировать сезонность рождения животных. Это дает возможность воссоздать использовавшиеся стратегии скотоводства. Окот мелкого рогатого скота дважды в год является одним из самых достоверных признаков контроля человека над стадом. В рамках данной работы впервые в России апробирована методика пробоподготовки и анализа соотношений изотопов кислорода в зубной эмали овец и коз. Традиционно для определения сезонности рождения мелкого рогатого скота используется изотопный анализ карбонатов в зубной эмали, содержание которых составляет всего 4 %. В предлагаемом методе кислород из твердого образца переводится в газообразный CO в результате взаимодействия эмали с углеродом в токе гелия при температуре 1300 °С. Этот метод позволяет определять изотопный состав кислорода во всех компонентах зубной эмали, в т.ч. фосфатах, составляющих 90 мас. % эмали и устойчивых к процессам диагенеза. В рамках настоящего исследования были апробированы четыре протокола проведения пробоподготовки в зависимости от степени сохранности зубов и их древности: A — зачистка и отбор проб эмали; В — обработка H2O2, С — обработка NaOCl и CH3COOH, D — выделение Ag3PO4. Результаты работы показывают, что для определения сезонности рождения животных достаточно информации о расположении минимумов и максимумов δI8O вдоль линии роста зуба, а при хорошей сохранности зубов для наблюдения экстремумов можно ограничиться минимальной обработкой.
Metal Spearheads from the Bronze Age—New Finds in the Omsk Region
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Borodovsky A. P.
Published: June 2024

В статье рассматриваются морфологические и хронологические особенности сейминско-турбинских наконечников копий, случайно найденных в Омской обл. Приводятся данные о количестве и картографии таких предметов. Выявлены хронологические отличия наконечников копий эпохи бронзы, отражающие как общую, так и относительную динамику их распространения. Более поздние изделия явно связаны с длительным бытованием наследия сейминско-турбинских бронз на территории Западной Сибири. Дается развернутая характеристика уникальных наконечников копий с антропоморфными, янусовидными изображениями. Доказано, что их стилистические особенности имеют параллели как в оку-невской традиции, так и в антропоморфной торевтике Китая эпохи бронзы. В лесостепном и южнотаежном Среднем Прииртышье прослежено сопутствие серии сейминско-турбинских наконечников копий и форм для их отливки. Это явно связано с процессом распространения данных изделий и формированием условий для их местного производства или копирования. Упомянутые факты позволяют заключить, что случайно найденные наконечники копий могут свидетельствовать о транзите таких изделий с южных на северные территории в рамках меридиональных транспортных направлений. Достаточно большое количество и разнообразие наконечников копий эпохи бронзы в Среднем Прииртышье лишний раз подтверждает значение этого региона как одного из центров распространения сейминско-турбинских бронз на юге Западной Сибири.
Boundaries, Structure, and Integrity of the Occupation Layer at the Gordinskoye I (Guryakar) Fortified Settlement, Udmurtia (9th–13th Centuries), According to Multispectral Imaging
Authors:   Udmurt Federal Research Center, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Zhurbin I. V.
Published: June 2024

Проведены комплексные исследования на Гординском I городище Гурьякар (IX-XIII вв. н.э.), расположенном в северной части Удмуртской Республики. Культурный слой этого поселения в значительной степени разрушен распашкой. Статистический анализ данных многозональной съемки и сегментация полученных изображений распределения растительности позволили оценить степень его сохранности. Предварительный вывод о наличии культурного слоя различной мощности основан на изучении конфигурации участков сегментированного изображения многозональной съемки и приуроченности разноплановых сегментов к особенностям рельефа. Определение археологического контекста и оценка сохранности культурного слоя (поверхностно-трансформированный, замещенный или переотложенный) возможны только с привлечением материалов геофизических и почвенных исследований, целенаправленных раскопок. Имеющиеся эталонные данные позволяют интерпретировать отдельные сегменты, которые локализованы только на пологой поверхности мыса. Оценка параметров культурного слоя на всей территории обследования основана на экстраполяции свойств сегментов растительности с известными характеристиками. Исходя из комплекса данных, можно предположить, что зона застройки Гурьякара была ограничена внешней линией укреплений. Мощный культурный слой локализуется на мысовой части — в пределах двух внутренних структурных частей городища. Две другие части Гурьякара, расположенные между зоной жилой застройки и внешней линией укреплений, вероятно, использовались для хозяйственной и производственной деятельности. Здесь средневековый культурный слой формировался менее интенсивно. Дополнительным признаком расположения оборонительных сооружений — границ структурных частей городища — являются ориентированные вертикально линейные области пере-отложенного слоя на склонах мыса.
Miniature Anthropomorphic Sculptures from Ust-Voikary: Chronology, Context, Semantics
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Garkusha Y. N. , Novikov A. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Baulo A. V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: June 2024

В статье публикуется коллекция миниатюрной антропоморфной скульптуры, полученная в ходе работ 2012-2016 гг. на Усть-Войкарском городище (приполярная зона Западной Сибири). Памятник относится к археологическим объектам с мерзлым культурным слоем, обусловившим сохранность предметов из органических материалов. Подавляющее большинство скульптурок изготовлено из дерева, две — из листового металла, одна — из лимонитовой конкреции. Выделены четыре основные категории изображений: бюсты, головы, условно полные антропоморфные фигуры, личины на палочках. Большая часть скульптурных изображений выполнена в традиции обско-угорской иконографии, меньшую можно соотнести со скульптурой самодийского облика. На некоторых фигурах есть дополнительные элементы в виде рядов насечек и изображения ромба. По этнографическим данным, их наличие наделяло скульптуры сакральным статусом. Находки имеют четкий археолого-архитектурный и хронологический (по данным дендрохронологии) контекст. Основная часть предметов была обнаружена в культурных слоях начала XVI — начала второй трети XVIII в. Рассмотрена стилистика изображений, приведены аналогии. Проведен сравнительный анализ антропоморфных изображений с этнографическими данными XVIII — начала XX в. Связь большей части фигур с определенными жилищами, их небольшие размеры и иконография показывают, что все они относятся к культовой деревянной антропоморфной скульптуре и являются атрибутами домашних святилищ. Установлено, что изображения делятся на две основные категории: семейные духи-покровители и иттарма - временные вместилища душ умерших.
Intelligent Crew Support when Recovering a Civil Aircraft from a Difficult Spatial Position
Authors: Kuravsky L.S. , Greshnikov I.I. , Makhortov I.A. , Bondarenko N.V.
Published: July 2024

A new approach to development of the mathematical and software tools for synthesis of the control actions recovering an aircraft from a difficult spatial position is presented, using the sufficient accumulated empirical data. When calculating control actions, an aircraft behavior pattern, which is relevant to the flight situation arisen and containing information about piloting by a qualified crew, is in use. Synthesized actions can be employed within newly created autopilots when performing difficult flight modes or used to correct control influences performed by an average or low-skilled pilot in real time.
The relationship among attributional bias, distress, and decision-making in sexually aggressive men with intellectual disabilities
Authors:   , Chung Susie , Nezu Christine M.
Published: July 2024

Social incompetence is hypothesized to be a common denominator in sexual aggression and non-sexual aggression, and evidence has accumulated regarding the tendency of aggressive children to exhibit social information-processing deficits as well as the propensity for sex offenders to be deficient in social problem-solving skills. Given the developmental delays and cognitive limitations of intellectually disabled individuals, sexually aggressive men with intellectual disabilities were hypothesized to exhibit a pattern of social-cognitive deficits similar to aggressive children. Using a contrived provocation scenario involving ambiguous intent and a negative outcome, adapted from a study by Dodge (1980), this study examined differences in several social information processing variables between two groups of men with IQs in the 60 to 75 range: 27 men with a history of sexual aggression and 10 men without a history of sexual aggression. Group differences in social problem-solving skills were also examined using an adapted version of the Social Problem Solving Inventory-Revised (SPSI-R; D'Zurilla, Nezu, & Maydeu-Olivares, 1996). Some of the hypotheses received support: The sexually aggressive group was significantly more likely to be impulsive in making an attributional decision and than was the non-sexually aggressive group (p = .029), and group differences in attributions of intent approached significance in the predicted direction (p = .072). However, the sexually aggressive group was significantly more likely to describe the scenario as involving a purposeful act than was the non-sexually aggressive group ( p = .03) when the question was asked in an open-ended, rather than in a forced-choice manner. No group differences were found in the Impulsivity/Carelessness Style scale, the Avoidance Style scale, or the Negative Problem Orientation scale of the SPSI-R (adapted version), although the sexually aggressive group scored significantly lower than did the non-sexually aggressive group in the Decision Making subscale (p = .003). In addition, no group differences were found in levels of distress, behavioral responses, or cue utilization. One implication of this study is to develop a treatment program based on results of an individualized functional assessment that involves interpretation of social cues, affective regulation, and interpersonal problem-solving skills, including improving impulse control in decision-making.
Simulation of turbulent mixing effects on chemical reactions in the convective boundary layer
Authors:   , Kim Mi-Sug , Friend James P. , Kreitzberg Carl William
Published: July 2024

The goal of this research is to quantitatively account for incomplete mixing of interacting chemical species when one species is emitted from ground level and the other species is mixed downward into the top of the daytime atmospheric boundary layer. Top-down and bottom-up (TDBU) diffusion of two species in an inhomogeneous convective boundary layer (CBL) are simulated by means of 1-D vertical turbulent chemical kinetics model (TKM). The concentration field splitting method (CSM) with a phenomenal extent of reaction and asymmetric convective model (ACM) schemes are implemented. Because of the lack of suitable experimental data, results of the TKM are compared with a box model (BM), with those of the conventional linear chemical kinetics model (LKM) ignored incomplete mixing of reaching species, and with those of a conventional turbulent kinetics model (CTKM) based on the CSM with a conventional extent of reaction. The TKM simulations were performed to study the effects of convective turbulent mixing on chemical reaction rates in vertically asymmetric turbulence of the CBL. Important findings from those simulations include the following: (1) The results in the TKM prove that the effects of incomplete mixing (segregation of species) on the chemical reaction rates are not important in predicting in the mean concentrations of species in any realistic photochemical system in the convective boundary layer. (2) The TKM and the CTKM simulations provide almost the same results of species concentrations and segregations, under both equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions, even though the chemical reactions and the dispersion effects are coupled and evolve simultaneously in space and time. (3) The CSM scheme works well with both the conventional extent of reaction and the phenomenal extent of reaction if the complex chemistry is used, the overall reaction rates are determined in the CBL, and the species fluxes from the boundary layers are not opposite. (4) In the TKM, the segregation effects and the concentrations are very sensitive to chemical characteristics (initial concentration and reaction rate constants) but less sensitive to the physical characteristics (deposition flux, exchange flux, turbulent timescales) and numerical resolution. They are also very sensitive to emission fluxes. (5) The segregation effects are most sensitive to the reaction rate constants, while all concentrations varied sensitively with the parameters groups at the surface except the sensitivity of ozone concentration is small in all cases tested.
The effect of sex on TBI outcomes and treatment
Authors:   , Deroose Marianne , Saunders Aleister , Raghupathi Ramesh
Published: July 2024

Each year more than 1.7 million individuals experience a traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States. Although women comprise nearly 25% of this population, gender-specific outcomes after TBI in regards to pathophysiology, response to therapeutic treatments and recovery have been studied to a limited extent (1). Clinical studies assessing patient recovery after TBI have been contradictory with some studies suggesting better outcomes whilst others suggesting poorer long-term outcomes in women compared to men. In animal studies, brains of female rodents appear to have an innate neuroprotection against injury compared to their injured male counterparts. The following study aims to document pathophysiological differences by providing a more comprehensive analysis of the gender response to TBI. Using a lateral fluid percussion (LFP) brain injury model, pathological outcomes such as neurodegeneration, traumatic axonal injury (TAI) and reactive gliosis were evaluated. The results showed a gender-associated attenuation of TAI in female rats post-injury. However, injured female rats presented with significantly greater degenerating neurons within the ventrobasal thalamus, but not in other thalamic nuclei compared to injured male rats. Sex did not significantly influence the activation of either astrocytes or microglia post-injury. Progesterone is currently undergoing clinical trials as a potential therapeutic against TBI because of its ability to exert pleiotropic neuroprotection against brain injury. Gender-associated differences in progesterone treatment efficacy have yet to be thoroughly evaluated even though women have been reported to be at a greater risk of developing adverse reactions to therapeutic drugs compared to men (33). With that in mind, we proceeded to evaluate the gender-specific differences of progesterone treatment against TBI. Sprague Dawley rats subjected to a LFP injury were treated with I6mg/kg of progesterone at 6hr post injury and subsequently for the next 5 consecutive days. Progesterone treatment attenuated reactive astrogliosis along the cortex in females but not in males. These pathological alterations occurred in the absence of any observable differences in TAI, neurodegeneration, microglial activation after progesterone intervention. Progesterone treated injured males did not differ from vehicle treated males after injury. Supplemental studies regarding the treatment regimen and dosing is required in assessing progesterone's effectiveness against LFP injury before any conclusive statements can be made.