bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Judaísmo: antigo e moderno. Observância majoritária ao direito talmúdico. Direitos humanos
Authors: Campos Neto Antonio Augusto Machado de
Published: November 2020

Em premissa maior, o Judaísmo não envolve somente rituais, conhecimentos religiosos ou cerimoniais. A função é a de extrema compreensão na conduta de um sistema de vida em qualquer circunstância e situação de vida aos seus seguidores. A sua doutrina implica estudos da Thorah, o Livro das Leis judaicas, o qual estabelece minuciosamente as ações corretas a se realizar, enfatizando a crença de que a Fé é conquistada por intermédio dessas ações, extraídas da própria vontade encontrada no âmago do Espírito de cada indivíduo. O conjunto do Judaísmo está descrito nas Sagradas Escrituras; Livros que compõem a Bíblia Sagrada no “Velho Testamento”, divididos em três partes, a saber: a Lei (Thorah), os Profetas (Nebi’im) e os Escritos Sapienciais ou Hagiógrafos (Ketubin). Cumpre salientar que Thorah tem o significado original de instrução divina transmitida a um profeta ou sacerdote escolhidos, individualmente, pelo Criador-de-Todas-as-Coisas, tornando-se herança imbatível do Povo judeu: verdadeiro guia de vida; todavia, ensinamentos consistentes de preceitos, a palavra Thorah é invariavelmente traduzida como Lei. Por último, Thorah tem a denominação de Pentateuco, composta de cinco Livros, a saber: Gênesis, Êxodo, Levítico, Números e Deuteronômio e nela estão registrados os primeiros períodos da História de Israel, desde a libertação dos israelitas por Moisés da escravidão no Egito. A Thorah, segundo os rabinos, possui 613 preceitos, 248 mandamentos e 365 proibições, cujo conteúdo teria sido escrito por Moisés até 1225 a.C. Algumas Nações nasceram para brilhar – caso de Israel –, uma vez não se tratar de uma história qualquer, incluindo o legado deixado à Humanidade, por meio do Judaísmo – antigo e moderno –, perpetuado por um Povo, escolhido pelo Deus Único – os israelitas –, que eternamente deve ser narrada e repassada aos futuros homens deste pequeno e incrível planeta ... a nossa Casa! Premissa final: Talmude significa ensinamentos; trata-se de compilação literária, redigida em hebraico e aramaico que, por sua vez, reúne debates e discussões dos antigos rabinos acerca de vasta gama de questões religiosas e sociais, existindo em duas versões: Talmude Babilônico e Talmude Palestino, cuja observância é regida em tempos atuais do sistema jurídico israelense e pedra fundamental do Judaísmo rabínico, a exemplo dos Direitos Humanos, muito avançados na Israel moderna.
Verbal Projection of Comparable Translations of a Detective Story
Authors: Wang Yan
Published: November 2020

Based on the systemic functional framework, this paper attempts to compare verbal projection in two comparable translated texts of a detective story entitled A Scandal in Bohemia, one from the early 20th century (henceforth TT1) and the other from the early 21st century (henceforth TT2). Approximately one hundred years apart, these two translations are strikingly different in their language use, with classical Chinese being used in TT1 and plain (colloquial) Chinese being used in TT2. By analysing and comparing the lexicogrammatical features of the verbal clauses in the two translated texts, this paper summarises the choices made by the translators in these two different historical moments: when translating the source text, TT1 translators show more flexibility by incorporating more addition and omission into their translation than TT2 translators.
Preparation of Poly[lactic-co-glycolic] Acid Nanospheres and Its Role in Hepatoma Cells
Authors: Shi Zhongxing , Li Jinping , Liang Hongwei , Hu Hongbo , Jiang Huijie
Published: November 2020

Poly[lactic-co-glycolic] acid (PLGA) targeting nanoparticles AFP/PLGA/Dt386, loaded with Dt386plasmid of diphtheria toxin gene, modified by Alpha fetoprotein (AFP) monoclonal antibody, is prepared. Its physical and chemical properties and its effect on HepG2 cells are studied. Firstly, Dt386expression plasmid pET11a/Dt386is constructed and PLGA nanoparticles are prepared by emulsion solvent evaporation (ESE). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to observe its morphology. Laser Particle Sizer is used to measure the particle size. In addition, the encapsulation efficiency, drug loading andin vitrorelease rate of PLGA nanoparticles are measured. Carboxy fluorescein and rhodamine fluorescein are used to double label IgG/PLGA/Dt386and AFP/PLGA/Dt386nanospheres, respectively, the entry of nanospheres into HepG2 cells are observed at 3 h and 12 h. The effect of AFP/PLGA/Dt386nanospheres on the migration of HepG2 cells is examined by wounding healing assay. Transwell chamber experiment is used to detect the effect of AFP/PLGA/Dt386nanospheres on the invasion of HepG2 cells. MTT method is utilized to determine the inhibitory activity of nanoparticles on HepG2 cell proliferation. After treated with IgG/PLGA/Dt386and AFP/PLGA/Dt386nanoparticles for 48 hours, flow cytometry is used to detect the apoptosis rate and cell cycle of HepG2 cells in each group. The results show that the prepared nanospheres have regular morphology, flat surface, average particle size of 265.72±12.46 nm, zeta potential of −18.15 mV. The average entrapment efficiency and drug loading are 78.48±1.71% and 3.16±0.35%, respectively. The nanoparticles release slowly and stablyin vitro. At the 10th day, the release rate reaches 75.13%. PLGA nanospheres can effectively protect DNA from nuclease degradation. The results show that AFP/PLGA/Dt386nanospheres have biological targeting effect and can be enriched in cells. AFP/PLGA/Dt386nanoparticles can significantly inhibit the migration, invasion and proliferation of HepG2 cells, and promote apoptosis.
Effects of Atorvastatin Combined with Nano-Selenium on Blood Lipids and Oxidative Stress in Atherosclerotic Rats
Authors: Han Zhe , Wang Yang , Li Jing
Published: November 2020

Dyslipidemia and oxidative stress injury of blood vessel walls play important roles in the formation of atherosclerosis (AS) and plaque progression. This is also the main pathological basis for atherosclerosis. Statins, as inhibitors of HMG-CoA reductase in the process of cholesterol
biosynthesis, have become key drugs for lipid-lowering treatment. Many studies have found the anti-atherosclerotic effect of atorvastatin is far beyond the lipid-lowering effect. Its lipid-lowering effects are also involved, such as anti-inflammatory, inhibiting endothelial cell ROS production,
and improving endothelial cell damage. Nano selenium (Nano-Se) shows stronger anti-oxidation ability, lower toxicity, high efficiency absorption and strong immune regulation ability. Because of the unique biological effects of Nano-Se, it has broad prospects in the field of human health care.
Therefore, in this study, by constructing a rat model of abnormal lipid metabolism, we observed changes in parameters such as serum peroxidase (MPO), propylene glycol (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and blood lipid levels in atherosclerotic rats Happening, furthermore, the effects of atorvastatin+nano-selenium
on lipid metabolism disorders and the protective effects and mechanisms of oxidative stress injury in rats were investigated and with a view to providing new targets for the treatment of arteriosclerosis. The results of this study demonstrated that contrast to the AS rat, the combined use
of atorvastatin+nano-selenium group could significantly reduce serum TC, TG, and LDL-C contents, and declined tissue lesions such as aortic arch and liver; Significantly enhanced the activities of GPx-1 and SOD in serum, decreased MDA content, and increased the SOD activity in rat aorta. These
results suggested that the combined use of atorvastatin+nano-selenium has good protection against oxidative stress caused by disorders of lipid metabolism.
Clinical Study of Autologous Cartilage Transplantation Based on Nano-Hydroxyapatite in the Treatment of Talar Osteochondral Injury
Authors: Wang Weijun , Wang Xiqiang , Wang Yongmei , Tong Changgui
Published: November 2020

Talus osteochondral damage is one of the common symptoms of chronic ankle pain in people’s lives. The cartilage regeneration and self-repair ability are extremely limited, the joint cartilage lesions are often accompanied by the lesions of the subchondral bone, and the subchondral
bone lesions can affect the metabolism of the cartilage above it, which brings certain difficulties to clinical treatment. Traditional methods of treating cartilage damage include microfractures and drilling. Due to large trauma, inconsistent clinical efficacy reports, poor tissue repair results,
and limited donor sources, etc., the application of traditional treatment methods in the clinic has been largely limited. Therefore, finding an ideal treatment method for bone injury has been a hot spot in clinical research in orthopedics. Studies have shown that autologous cartilage transplantation
via nano-hydroxyapatite has become a new treatment model, providing new ideas for clinical treatment of talar osteochondral damage. Nano-hydroxyapatite and its composites have good histocompatibility, biological activity, and bone conductivity. They are an ideal bone defect repair material,
and have been initially applied in clinical practice. The preparation of nano-hydroxyapatite, its biological characteristics and the repairing effect on the composite defect of osteochondral bone were studied experimentally, and its feasibility for repairing osteochondral damage was discussed.
In this paper, the unique structure and properties of natural cartilage layers are studied. In combination with bionics theory and methods, nano-hydroxyapatite micro-particle composite samples are prepared by the gel method, and the bone-forming properties of nano-composites are measured by
in vitro drug release experiments. To establish a model of infectious bone injury in New Zealand white rabbits, and nano-hydroxyapatite composites were implanted into local lesions of New Zealand white rabbit models by autologous cartilage transplantation, and evaluated by imaging,
blood biochemistry, histology, infection control and bone repair. The experimental results show that using the unique physical and chemical and biological properties of nano-hydroxyapatite materials. It is innovatively introduced into the treatment of talar osteochondral defects caused by
open fractures. It has been proven in vitro and in vivo experiments that nano-hydroxyapatite materials can be used. As an ideal tissue engineering scaffold for the treatment of talar osteochondral defects, this provides a new way to solve clinical orthopedic problems using new
nanomaterials.
Effect of Propylene Glycol Alginate Sodium Sulfate Nanoparticles on Myocardial Injury in Diabetic Rats via Silent Information Regulator 1/Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1 Alpha Pathway
Authors: Qiu Sheng , Cai Lei , Zhao Wenjing , Pang Xiaohong
Published: November 2020

The main purpose of this paper is to study the effect of propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfite nanoparticles on myocardial injury in diabetic rats through Sirt1/HIF-1 α signal pathway. The effects of different doses of propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfite nanoparticles
on the content of malondialdehyde, creatine kinase, nitric oxide, the activity of superoxide dismutase, lactate dehydrogenase and nitric oxide synthetase in the myocardial tissue of diabetic rats observed. The function indexes of HIF-1 α mitochondria and measured the expression
of Sirt1/HIF-1 α pathway. The results show that compare with the diabetic model group, the blood glucose level of the rats in the propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfite nanoparticles treatment group was slightly low. The serum LDH, CK and MDA contents were significantly low,
and the activity of SOD in the myocardium in the propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfite nanoparticles treatment group was significantly higher than that in the diabetic model group in the treatment group. The activity of NOS and the content of MDA and no were lower than that in the diabetic
rats, the expression of Sirt1 and HIF-1α in myocardial tissue was increased. It suggested that propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfite nanoparticles alleviate myocardial damage in diabetic rats by regulating Sirt1/HIF-1α signal pathway, improving mitochondrial function
and inhibiting oxidative stress.
Effect of Hydroxyapatite Composite Nano-Artificial Bone on Treatment and Rehabilitation of Patients with Ankle Joint Injury
Authors: Cheng Zhenzhen , Wang Qingfeng , Ma Wenlong , Sun Ruibo , Wang Shaohui , Tang Hongtao
Published: November 2020

The formation of natural bone tissue is the result of the joint regulation of multiple template molecules. Although its complex hierarchical structure has been studied for many years, the mechanism of biomineralization of hard bone tissue has not been fully clarified. In this paper,
the nanocomposites obtained by mineralization were characterized and analyzed, and the effect of the template on the crystal formation of hydroxyapatite was studied. The characterization results show that the main phase of the inorganic mineral obtained by template mineralization is the hydroxyapatite
phase. The nano-apatite composite particles with an inorganic component content of 90.2% have the highest loading efficiency, reaching 67.9 mg/g. By statistical analysis of the pain scores at 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days after ankle injury, it was found that the average pain score of the treatment
group was smaller than that of the control group. Two weeks later, the clinical efficacy judgment standard statistics show that the treatment group has a 22.5% improvement in healing rate, a significant increase in 3.18%, and a total effective rate of 8.71%, which is significantly better than
the control group.
Effects of Nano-Protein Complexes on Apoptosis of Myocardial Infarction Cells Based on Complex Curve Analysis
Authors: Yang Bo , Lu Chang-Lin , Zhao Hua , Dong Ran
Published: November 2020

Myocardial infarction is one of the common types of coronary heart disease in the clinic. Its morbidity, lethality and disability are high, and it has become a serious threat to human health. At present, it is shown that in the early stage of acute myocardial infarction, myocardial
cells are mainly apoptotic, suggesting that effectively blocking myocardial apoptosis in the early stage of myocardial infarction is of great significance for reducing tissue necrosis in the infarcted area. Recent studies have shown that NG nano-protein complexes have a better therapeutic
effect on acute myocardial infarction and can inhibit left ventricular remodeling in patients with acute myocardial infarction. However, there are few studies on the effect of NG nano-protein complexes on myocardial cell apoptosis after ischemia. This study used a rat model of acute myocardial
infarction to analyze its effect on apoptotic proteins of myocardial cells in rats with acute myocardial infarction in order to provide a certain theoretical basis for its clinical application. In this study, 45 SD rats were randomly divided into a sham operation group, a myocardial infarction
group, and a NG nano-protein complex group, with 15 in each group. The sham operation group only underwent thoracotomy, and received normal saline gavage postoperatively; the myocardial infarction group and the NG nano-protein complex group were ligated to the left anterior descending coronary
artery of the rat to establish an acute myocardial infarction model, and were performed separately treatment with saline and NG nanoprotein complexes. Finally, we conclude that this nano-protein complex can significantly reduce the expression level of myocardial apoptosis-related proteins
in rats with acute myocardial infarction, and is of great significance in inhibiting the apoptosis of acute myocardial infarction cells.
Detection of Budesonide and Other Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Based on Biological Nano Sensing Technology in the Treatment of Childhood Asthma
Authors: Wu Yuting , Zhu Xiaoli , Duan Qingning , Ji Juan , Jin Yingji , Li Jindong , Qin Yan
Published: November 2020

Biological nano sensing technology is a new high-tech which is a cross fusion of biology, chemistry, physics, electronics and many other fields. Biological nano sensing technology mainly uses the unique chemical properties and corresponding physical properties of biomolecules at nanometer
level to detect, which greatly improves the sensitivity and flexibility of detection. The micro effect, quantum effect and corresponding macro quantum tunneling effect of nano molecules make their corresponding nano biosensors have extremely high detection performance. In this paper, the antiinflammatory
drugs such as budesonide, which are used to treat children’s asthma, will be measured by the biological nano sensor based on the new nano materials. The treatment of children after the inhalation of budesonide and other drugs will be measured by the biological nano sensor technology.
Finally, a new research idea will be provided for the research of children’s asthma pathology and related fields. In this paper, in the actual preparation of nano sensors, we mainly use functionalized carbon nanotubes to prepare sensors. The main advantage is that the price is low and
easy to market and experiment promotion.
Preparation of Anti Toll-Like Receptor-4 Nano-Antibody and Its Effect on Gram Negative Sepsis
Authors: Liao Shu , Liu Shu , Zhang Ying
Published: November 2020

The essence of sepsis is the excessive immune response caused by infectious factors, which leads to the release of a large number of inflammatory factors and the injury of tissues and organs. Once the reaction is triggered, it will develop according to its own rules, and it does not
depend on infection factors. The occurrence and severity of sepsis depend entirely on the reaction of the body. When pathogens invade the body, they rely on pattern recognition receptors to play a defensive role, TLR4 is the main switch of innate immunity. The current research shows that LPS
can induce the up-regulation of TLR4 gene expression in monocytes, neutrophils and other immune cells. The upregulated TLR4, as a new receptor, mediates more cell activation and the release of inflammatory mediators. Under this positive feedback, the inflammatory response is constantly amplified,
which eventually leads to the development of sepsis. In this study, TLR4 extracellular domain antigen was obtained by protein expression and purification, and anti-TLR4 C-terminal and intermediate domain nano-antibody was obtained by phage display antibody library preparation technology. In
vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed that anti-TLR4 nano-antibody can effectively reduce the release of inflammatory factors and improve the survival rate of animals, while the C-terminal and intermediate domain are closed at the same time, the effect is more obvious. The clinical
treatment of sepsis provides new ideas and strategies.
Application of Hydrogen Peroxide Sensitive Fluorescen Nanoparticles in Atherosclerosis
Authors: Zhang Yuchao , Xu Gang , Chen Maozhen , Chen Ziliang , Shen Mingyang , Wang Ping
Published: November 2020

ROS plays an important role in the formation of atherosclerotic plaque, especially hydrogen peroxide, which can stimulate macrophages to express pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines to enhance the inflammatory activity of macrophages. Therefore, the development of drugs with sensitive
release of hydrogen peroxide is safe and effective for the treatment of atherosclerosis The side chain hydroxyl groups of pHEMA were grafted with oxalylsimvastatin (SIM), fluoropolyethylene glycol (fpeg) and macrophage target molecule ISO-1 to prepare hydrogen peroxide sensitive fluorescent
drug loaded nanomicelles (phema-simfpeg-iso-1). By using hydrogen peroxide sensitive and controlled-release drug, it can target macrophage, at the same time, improve the characteristics of traditional polyethylene glycol only as hydrophilic chain, and synthesize polyethylene glycol with fluorescence
function, so that the polymer can have probe ability without modifying fluorescence substance, which is suitable for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis. The results show that the water-soluble nanoparticles show good biocompatibility and peroxide Hydrogen sensitivity and fluorescence
ability provide new materials for the development of a nano system for the diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.
Preparation of Programmed Cell Death-Ligand 1 Antibody Nanoparticles Based on Nude Mouse Model and Its Therapeutic Effect on Lung Cancer
Authors: Wei Lei , Yu Feng , Meng Ying
Published: November 2020

In this experiment, the advantages of both liposomes and polymer nanoparticles were used to synthesize adriamycin-loaded liposome-polymer nanoparticles and conjugate them with PD-L 1 antibody (referred to as PD-L 1 antibody nano particles). The nanoparticles were encapsulated with doxorubicin
hydrochloride and the near-infrared dye DIR, and small animal imaging methods were used in animal experiments to evaluate the targeting and therapeutic effects. The results showed that the red fluorescence of doxorubicin hydrochloride entered the cells, and the red fluorescence of the PD-L1
antibody nanoparticles in the 4h group was better than that in the 2h group. The intracellular red fluorescence of PD-L1 antibody nanoparticles 4h group was stronger than that of free doxorubicin 4h group. Flow cytometry and confocal experiments showed that A549 cells took up more PD-L1 antibody
nanoparticles. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity of the PD-L1 antibody nanoparticle group was significantly stronger than that of the nanoparticle group, and the tumor outline was clear, and the fluorescence intensity became stronger and stronger over time, indicating that
the PD-L1 antibody nanoparticles were targeted. Has certain targeting capabilities. The PD-L1 antibody nanoparticles synthesized in this study are a good drug carrier targeting lung cancer tumor cells, which can be better taken up by A549 lung cancer cells, and can more effectively kill tumor
cells, inhibit tumor growth, and wrap near-infrared dyes are more conducive to in vivo imaging of animals and are useful for observing the effects of targeted treatment of lung cancer.
Study on Novel Nanoparticle Slow-Release Drugs for Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Qiu Shaobo , Gao Jingjing , Liu Jinkai , Wang Chen , Li Aijun , Wang Jinpeng
Published: November 2020

Spontaneous basilar artery occlusive disease is a disease characterized by thickening of the intima of the bilateral internal carotid artery and the anterior and middle cerebral arteries, gradually narrowing the arterial diameter, and compensatory dilatation of the perforating artery
at the base of the brain. Aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), as a classic non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, has been proven to have antiplatelet, anti-inflammatory, and immune-regulating effects. But how to achieve long-term sustained release of aspirin and achieve anti-platelet aggregation
remains to be studied. This study intends to build a microsphere sustained-release system to achieve long-term stable and slow release of aspirin drug, thereby achieving a more ideal anti-platelet aggregation effect. The therapeutic effects of three groups of nanoparticle sustained-release
drug regimens on platelet aggregation were compared. The results showed that the platelet inhibition rate and NIHSS scores before treatment were compared between the three groups; compared with the other groups, the PLGA group had higher AA and ADP pathway-induced platelet inhibition rates
after treatment and lower plasma Lp-PLA2 and NIHSS scores. This shows that aspirin nanoparticle slow-release drugs can effectively increase platelet inhibition rate and improve the antiplatelet ability of patients with spontaneous basilar artery occlusive disease, which is beneficial to promoting
prognosis recovery.
Study on the Treatment of Tuberous Sclerosis with Rapamycin Nanomicelles Based on Abdominal Ultrasound
Authors: Xiao Xiaojun , Zhang Yayuan , Zhang Yujuan , Wang Lijuan , Luo Hui
Published: November 2020

In recent years, mTOR signaling pathway has been found to be the main bridge between TSC1/TSC2 gene mutation and tuberous sclerosis phenotype. Although mTOR inhibitors have been reported to treat tuberous sclerosis in foreign countries, there is still a lack of long-term follow-up results and clinical treatment experience in children. Therefore, research at home and abroad is actively focusing on the mTOR signaling pathway to further clarify the pathogenesis of the disease, and from a clinical point of view, to summarize the clinical data of more patients treated with mTOR inhibitors, to conduct a long-term follow-up and exploration of rapamycin treatment, and to summarize mature treatment experience. This is also the research hotspot of tuberous sclerosis. Based on the study of the treatment of tuberous sclerosis patients with rapamycin nanomicelles by abdominal ultrasound, the therapeutic effect and safety were compared and evaluated through the observation and description of the clinical seizure control and the recovery of EEG peak out of rhythm in children with tuberous sclerosis and infantile spasm.
Effect of Porous Silicon Nanoparticle Drug-Loading System on Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Zhang Min , Wang Junwen , Cheng Qiang
Published: November 2020

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a non-specific intestinal inflammatory disease. UC occurred in developed countries in the past, but in the past 20 years, the incidence of UC in developing countries has also shown a clear upward trend. The hospitalization rate and surgical rate of UC have
been high, and may lead to the occurrence of intestinal malignant tumors, which has greatly affected the quality of life and life expectancy of patients. Because of this, how to effectively treat UC has become a hotspot in modern gastrointestinal diseases. Due to the limitation of the dosage
form of the drug and the special environment of the gastrointestinal tract, traditional oral drugs have the disadvantage of not being able to make the drug effective in specific lesions when treating inflammatory bowel disease. Therefore, it is of great scientific significance and application
value to develop drug carriers that can target the inflammatory sites and slow-release drugs to treat inflammation. In this study, TNBS method was used to prepare a rat model of ulcerative colitis, and the effect of modified porous silicon nanoparticles as a drug carrier in the treatment of
UC was investigated. We first induced acute enteritis model in C57BL/6 rats through TNBS, and then used in vivo fluorescence imaging and immunofluorescence staining technology to prove that porous silicon nanoparticles can indeed be specifically concentrated in the damaged part of the mouse
intestine, and then administered by gastric administration. The drug method allows rats to take different types and concentrations of drug-loaded porous silicon nanoparticles, and finally collect relevant samples for evaluation of drug efficacy after the end of the administration cycle. The
disease activity index showed the best gastrointestinal recovery in mice treated with modified drug-loaded porous silicon nanoparticles. The pathological analysis of rat colons using HE staining proved that the improved drug-loaded porous silicon nanoparticles had a more significant therapeutic
effect. TUNEL staining results showed that the level of apoptosis in the colon injury site of rats treated with modified drug-loaded porous silicon nanoparticles was reduced. The test results of drug concentration in rat colon tissue blood also proved that porous silicon nanoparticle drug-loading
system can reduce the release of inflammatory factors in vivo. Based on the TNBS-induced UC rat model, this paper evaluates the therapeutic effect of modified drug-loaded porous silicon nanoparticles. The results show that in the treatment of ulcerative colitis, the nanoparticle drug-loaded
system is a more effective treatment way.
Application of Gastroscopy Based on Nano Carbon in the Remedy of Chronic Pulmonary Heart Disease Caused by Helicobacter Pylori
Authors: Li Jin , Dong Shirong , Xing Ningning , Jin Fei , Lu Lingqun , Lu Peixia , Ping Liying
Published: November 2020

Chronic pulmonary heart disease is a common respiratory disease. Helicobacter pylori infection can lead to the occurrence of chronic pulmonary heart disease. However, most drugs for chronic pulmonary heart disease caused by helicobacter pylori are lack of tissue specificity. At the
same time, due to the blocked blood circulation in the ischemic area, the distribution of drugs in the ischemic area is often not ideal. The gastroscope technology of nano carbon can make the drug release in the focus as much as possible, and can achieve the goal of targeted treatment. This
paper mainly studies the application of the gastroscope technology based on nano carbon in the remedy of chronic pulmonary heart disease caused by helicobacter pylori. After 8 weeks of treatment, the indexes of right heart function in the two groups: TAPSE and RVMPI were better than before
treatment, and the improvement degree in the remedy group was more obvious than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The improvement degree of E/A and PASP was not statistically significant, the difference between the two groups was not significant (P > 0.05). In addition,
the gastroscope of nano carbon can also reduce UA and TG in blood. The overall response rate was 93.75% in the remedy group, which was higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05).
Opportunistic Sensing with Recreational Hot-Air Balloon Flights
Authors: de Bruijn Evert I. F. , Bosveld Fred C. , de Haan Siebren , Holtslag Albert A.M.
Published: November 2020

We report about a new third-party observation, namely, wind measurements derived from hot-air balloon (HAB) tracks. We first compare the HAB winds with wind measurements from a meteorological tower and a radio acoustic wind profiler, both situated at the topographically flat observatory near Cabauw, the Netherlands. To explore the potential of this new type of wind observation in other topographies, we present an intriguing HAB flight in Austria with a spectacular mountain–valley circulation. Subsequently, we compare the HAB data with a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model during 2011–13 and the standard deviation of the wind speed is 2.3 m s−1. Finally, we show results from a data assimilation feasibility experiment that reveals that HAB wind information can have a positive impact on a hindcasted NWP trajectory.
The Budget of Local Available Potential Energy of Low-Frequency Eddies in Northern Hemispheric Winter
Authors: Dai Xianglin , Zhang Yang , Yang Xiu-Qun
Published: November 2020

Low-frequency (LF) transient eddies (intraseasonal eddies with time scales longer than 10 days) are increasingly found to be important in large-scale atmospheric circulation, high-impact climate events, and subseasonal-to-seasonal forecasts. In this study, the features and maintenance of available potential energy of LF eddies (LF EAPE), which denote LF temperature fluctuations, have been investigated. Our study shows that wintertime LF EAPE, with greater amplitude than that of the extensively studied high-frequency (HF) eddies, exhibits distinct horizontal and vertical structures. Different from HF eddies, whose action centers are over midlatitude oceans, the LF EAPE is most active in the continents in the midlatitudes, as well as the subpolar region with shallower vertical structure. By diagnosing the derived energy budget of LF EAPE, we find that, with the strong background temperature gradient in mid- and high-latitude continents (e.g., coast regions along the Greenland, Barents, and Kara Seas), baroclinic generation is the major source of LF EAPE. The generated LF EAPE in the subpolar region is transported downstream and southward to midlatitude continents via background flow. The generated LF EAPE is also dissipated by HF eddies, damped by diabatic effects, and converted to LF EKE via vertical motions. The above energy budget, together with the barotropic dynamics revealed by previous works, suggests multiple energy sources and thus complicated dynamics of LF variabilities.
Modeling the Snowmelt Runoff Process of the Tizinafu River Basin, Northwest China, with GLDAS Data and Bayesian Uncertainty Analysis
Authors: Xie Wenyi , Zeng Xiankui , Gui Dongwei , Wu Jichun , Wang Dong
Published: November 2020

The climate of the Tizinafu River basin is characterized by low temperature and sparse precipitation, and snow and glacier melt serve as the main water resource in this area. Modeling the snowmelt runoff process has great significance for local ecosystems and residents. The total streamflow of the Tizinafu River basin was divided into surface streamflow and baseflow. The surface streamflow was estimated using the routing model (RM) with Noah runoff data from Global Land Data Assimilation (GLDAS), and the parameter uncertainty of the RM was quantified through Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation. Additionally, the 10 commonly used baseflow separation methods of four categories [digital filter, hydrograph separation program (HYSEP), baseflow index, and Kalinlin methods] were used to generate the baseflow and were then evaluated by their performance in total streamflow simulation. The results demonstrated that the RM driven by GLDAS runoff data could reproduce the runoff process of the Tizinafu River basin. RM-Hl (local minimum HYSEP method) achieved the best performance in the total streamflow simulation, with Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) coefficients of 0.82 and 0.93, relative errors of −0.40% and 10.50%, and observation inclusion ratios C of 62.07% and 68.52% for the calibration and verification periods, respectively. The local minimum HYSEP method was most suitable for describing the baseflow of the Tizinafu River basin among the 10 baseflow separation methods. However, digital filter methods exhibited weak performance in baseflow separation.
Steroid Administration Approach for Idiopathic Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A National Survey in China
Authors: Yao Qingxiu , Jiang Zhuang , Zhang Jiajia , Huang Shujian , He Shouhuan , Feng Yanmei , Wang Hui , Yin Shankai
Published: November 2020

Objective:

To optimize a protocol for the steroid administration approach for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearing loss (ISSNHL) in China.

Methods:

A questionnaire was distributed to otolaryngologists. The data on demographics, indications for first-line and salvage treatment, such as intratympanic administration of steroids (ITS) and postauricular steroids (PAS), and procedures were analyzed.

Results:

74 respondents used oral steroids, 112 used intravenous injections, 10 used ITS and 6 used PAS as a monotherapy for first-line treatment, and 135 used ITS or PAS in conjunction with oral or intravenous injection as a first-line treatment. Of the 249 respondents who used ITS, 97.19% adopted it as salvage therapy. The most commonly used steroid was 0.5 ml dexamethasone at 5 mg/ml and the most common side effect was pain. Of the 174 respondents who used PAS, 94.25% used it as salvage therapy. The most commonly used steroid was 0.5 ml methylprednisolone mixed with 0.5 ml lidocaine.

Conclusions:

The obtained data suggested that intravenous injection of steroids was the most popular treatment for ISSNHL and that ITS or PAS were used as a salvage treatment in China.
Bone Cement Fixation of Stapedotomy Prostheses: Long-term Outcomes in Primary and Revision Stapes Surgery
Authors: Sioshansi Pedrom C. , Schettino Amy , Babu Seilesh C. , Bojrab Dennis I. , Sargent Eric W. , Michaelides Elias M. , Luryi Alexander L. , Schutt Christopher A.
Published: November 2020

Objectives:

To describe audiologic outcomes following hydroxyapatite bone cement fixation of stapedotomy prostheses.

Methods:

A retrospective case review at a tertiary neurotology referral center was performed of patients undergoing primary or revision stapedotomy between 2010 and 2017. Patients with hydroxyapatite bone cement fixation of stapes prostheses were assessed. Pre- and postoperative hearing was compared, consisting of air conduction (AC) and bone conduction (BC) pure-tone averages (PTA), air-bone gap (ABG), and word recognition scores (WRS). Short and long-term outcomes were assessed.

Results:

Forty-six patients with otosclerosis underwent stapedotomy with bone cement fixation: 21 primary cases and 25 revision cases, with an average follow-up time of 17 months. Mean AC PTA was 56 dB preoperatively, and 34 dB postoperatively ( P < .0001), while the ABG improved on average from 27 dB to 9 dB ( P < .0001). There was no significant difference in postoperative ABG between primary and revision stapes surgery (6 dB vs 10 dB, P = .07). These results persisted through long-term follow-up in a subgroup of patients with significantly longer follow-up time (mean 44 months). There was no significant change in BC PTA or word recognition scores. Three patients underwent subsequent revisions, one patient developed sensorineural hearing loss.

Conclusion:

Stapedotomy with bone cement fixation of the prosthesis provides excellent hearing outcomes in both primary and revision treatment of otosclerosis. Results are consistent and stable through long-term follow-up. The use of bone cement should be incorporated into the surgical armamentarium of the otologist for the prevention and treatment of loose-wire syndrome and incus necrosis.
The Relationship of Performance Goals, Personality, and Ability With Academic Achievements in Majority and Minority Groups of Bachelor-Degree Students
Authors: Guterman Oz
Published: November 2020

Achievement goal theory is one of the major theories of the relationship between learners’ perception of learning processes and their academic achievements. The present research was focused on the relationship between learners’ goals and the academic achievements of Hebrew-speaking students, who belong to the majority group, and Arabic-speaking students, who belong to the minority group. The research also combined personality measures and measures of ability of the students, in order to better understand the relationships among the variables in the two groups. Matched samples of 104 students from each group were studied. The data were collected at the beginning of the second year of studies and the students were then monitored for 2 years. The findings indicate that among the Hebrew-speaking students, the level of performance goals was higher that among the Arabic-speaking students. In both groups, different learning goals contributed to the explained variance in final grades.
India’s Quest for Energy Security: Understanding the Trends and Challenges
Authors: Khashimwo Pamreihor
Published: November 2020

India’s energy security is intricately linked to economic and population growth, accessibility, availability, affordability, and supply and demand. India’s quest for energy security is going slow and after a late start. India embraced various domestic efforts and has drawn up supplier relationships around the globe in coal, oil, gas, nuclear, hydroelectric power, and renewable energy. It appears India is not likely to be fully independent of external sources of supply for its energy requirements in the short-term and medium-term. There is no major technological breakthrough in alternative energy to free the country from its energy predicament, thus, India needs to adopt multi-dimensional strategic energy security approaches. In the absence of major oil and gas reserves in Indian territory, the country may be forced down a perilous path that includes a massive increase in the use of coal, associated with environmental concerns, and increasing dependence on external sources. The key focus of the study is to examine the key concerns, trends, challenges, and various options available to India to face the challenges in energy security.
Research of Language Teacher Identity: Status Quo and Future Directions
Authors: Sang Yuan
Published: November 2020

After 20 years of study since researchers of second language teacher education have increasingly emphasized the importance of investigating L2 teachers’ mental lives, the research of language teacher identity has been flowering and providing intriguing insights to deepen the field’s understanding of how L2 teachers develop and learn to become teachers. While a sociocultural perspective of language teacher education speaks to the situated nature of teacher learning and language teacher identity development, this perspective has generated a growing body of literature that highlights the role of socialization in language teacher identity formation. Reviewing the important ideas and findings in the existing research, this article begins with a summary of theoretical conceptualizations of language teacher identity, and then examines the status quo of contemporaneous language teacher identity research. Next, it discusses the socialization process in language teacher identity development, and ends with further research directions for future studies.
‘We’re in Asia’: Worlding LGBTQI+ activism otherwise in Sydney
Authors: Ruez Derek
Published: November 2020

Building on recent work in postcolonial urban studies that has developed more genuinely plural approaches to urban theorising, this article poses the problem of ‘worlding’ in relation to urban LGBTQI+ activism in Sydney, Australia. Specifically, the article examines how Sydney is variously worlded as or against ‘Asia’ in public debate around LGBTQI+ politics and in the imaginaries of activists living in Sydney. These worldings are shown to be an important aspect of queer activisms and urbanisms in Sydney, and I argue that attention to this worlding can productively complement a renewed focus on place and specificity in queer urban literatures. While imagining Sydney or Australia as part of Asia is itself no guarantee of productive politics or of decentring epistemologies, the article argues that some of these worldings do provide an occasion and a provocation to think elsewhere and otherwise in ways that are responsive to the specific character of White Australia’s colonial pasts and presents, while also generatively (dis)locating Sydney beyond the ‘West’.
The Poor and the Migrant in India
Authors: Deb Surajit
Published: November 2020

The ninth part of the Social Change Indicators series gives an account of the poor and migrants in different states of India by focussing on the following aspects: Percentage of population belonging to the lowest two wealth quintiles, percentage of households (rural and urban) without any agricultural land, percentage composition of inter-state migration in India by source states, percentage composition of inter-state migration in India by destination states, per cent composition of employment as the reason for migration in inter-state out-migration of source states and the per cent unemployment rate (rural and urban) according to the usual status.
Portugal’s Rising Research in Architecture and Urbanism: The Influence of International Research Centers and Authors
Authors: d’Almeida Patrícia Bento , Marat-Mendes Teresa , Toussaint Michel
Published: November 2020

In the early 1960s, Portugal saw a rise in scientific research on architecture and urbanism at the National Laboratory of Civil Engineering (Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil; LNEC), fundamental to support the Government in establishing a national program for housing, which continued until the fall of the Dictatorship in 1974. Lacking tradition in scientific studies in architecture and urbanism, a group of young architects with knowledge of references from international researchers and research centers gathered encouragement and opportunities to develop their own research works and methodologies and, later, to question the application of such scientific methods. This article aims to identify and discuss the strategies and methodologies explored to develop these seminal researches, retrieving and reappraising LNEC’s archived documents and oral testimonials from former researchers. We aim at exposing the foundations of Portuguese scientific research on architecture and urbanism and its contributions to an international audience.
Experimental study on fracture propagation of hydraulic fracturing for tight sandstone outcrop
Authors: Duan Wenguang , Sun Baojiang , Pan Deng , Wang Tao , Guo Tiankui , Wang Zhiyuan
Published: November 2020

The tight sandstone oil reservoirs characterized by the low porosity and permeability must be hydraulically fractured to obtain the commercial production. Nevertheless, the post-fracturing production of tight oil reservoirs is not always satisfactory. The influence mechanism of various factors on the fracture propagation in the tight oil reservoirs needs further investigation to provide an optimized fracturing plan, obtain an expected fracture morphology and increase the oil productivity. Thus, the horizontal well fracturing simulations were carried out in a large-scale true tri-axial test system with the samples from the Upper Triassic Yanchang Fm tight sandstone outcrops in Yanchang County, Shaanxi, China, and the results were compared with those of fracturing simulations of the shale outcrop in the 5th member of Xujiahe Fm (abbreviated as the Xu 5th Member) in the Sichuan Basin. The effects of the natural fracture (NF) development degree, horizontal in-situ stress conditions, fracturing treatment parameters, etc. on the hydraulic fracture (HF) propagation morphology were investigated. The results show that conventional hydraulic fracturing of the tight sandstone without NFs only produces a single double-wing primary fracture. The fracture propagation path in the shale or the tight sandstone with developed NFs is controlled by the high horizontal differential stress. The higher stress difference (<12MPa) facilitates forming the complex fracture network. It is recommended to fracture the reservoir with developed NFs by injecting the high-viscosity guar gum firstly and the low-viscosity slick water then to increase the SRV. The low-to-high variable rate fracturing method is recommended as the low injection rate facilitates the fracturing fluid filtration into the NF system, and the high injection rate increases the net pressure within the fracture. The dual-horizontal well simultaneous fracturing increases the HF density and enhances the HF complexity in the reservoir, and significantly increases the possibility of forming the complex fracture network. The fracturing pressure curves reflect the fracture propagation status. According to statistical analysis, the fracturing curves are divided into types corresponding to multi-bedding plane (BP) opening, single fracture generation, multi-fracture propagation under variable rate fracturing, and forming of the fracture network through communicating the HF with NFs. The results provide a reference for the study of the HF propagation mechanism and the fracturing design in the tight sandstone reservoirs.