bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foot Syndactyly: A Clinical and Demographic Analysis
Authors: Kim Jong Ho , Kim Byung Jun , Kwon Sung Tack
Published: November 2016

Background Syndactyly of the foot is the second most common congenital foot anomaly. In East Asia, however, no large case study has been reported regarding the clinical features of isolated foot syndactyly. In this study, we report a review of 118 patients during the last 25 years.

Methods We conducted a chart review of patients who underwent surgical correction for foot syndactyly between January 1990 and December 2014. Operations were performed with a dorsal triangular flap and a full-thickness skin graft. The demographics of included patients and their clinical features were evaluated. Surgical outcomes and complications were analyzed.

Results Among 118 patients with 194 webs (155 feet), 111 patients showed nonsyndromic cases and 7 patients showed syndromic cases. In 80 unilateral cases (72.1%), the second web was the most frequently involved (37.5%), followed by the fourth (30%), the first (15%), the third (15%), the first and second in combination (1.3%), and the second and third in combination (1.3%). Among 31 bilateral cases, 2 cases were asymmetric. Among the remaining 29 symmetric bilateral cases, the second web was the most frequently involved (45.2%), followed by the first (22.6%), and the fourth (6.5%). No specific postoperative complications were observed, except in the case of 1 patient (0.51%) who required a secondary operation to correct web creep.

Conclusions This retrospective clinical study of 118 patients with both unilateral and bilateral foot syndactyly revealed that the second web was the most frequently involved. In addition, complete division and tension-free wound closure with a full-thickness skin graft of sufficient size showed good postoperative results.
Simple Correction of Alar Retraction by Conchal Cartilage Extension Grafts
Authors: Jang Yong Jun , Kim Sung Min , Lew Dae Hyun , Song Seung Yong
Published: November 2016

Background Alar retraction is a challenging condition in rhinoplasty marked by exaggerated nostril exposure and awkwardness. Although various methods for correcting alar retraction have been introduced, none is without drawbacks. Herein, we report a simple procedure that is both effective and safe for correcting alar retraction using only conchal cartilage grafting.

Methods Between August 2007 and August 2009, 18 patients underwent conchal cartilage extension grafting to correct alar retraction. Conchal cartilage extension grafts were fixed to the caudal margins of the lateral crura and covered with vestibular skin advancement flaps. Preoperative and postoperative photographs were reviewed and analyzed. Patient satisfaction was surveyed and categorized into 4 groups (very satisfied, satisfied, moderate, or unsatisfied).

Results According to the survey, 8 patients were very satisfied, 9 were satisfied, and 1 considered the outcome moderate, resulting in satisfaction for most patients. The average distance from the alar rim to the long axis of the nostril was reduced by 1.4 mm (3.6 to 2.2 mm). There were no complications, except in 2 cases with palpable cartilage step-off that resolved without any aesthetic problems.

Conclusions Conchal cartilage alar extension graft is a simple, effective method of correcting alar retraction that can be combined with aesthetic rhinoplasty conveniently, utilizing conchal cartilage, which is the most similar cartilage to alar cartilage, and requiring a lesser volume of cartilage harvest compared to previously devised methods. However, the current procedure lacks efficacy for severe alar retraction and a longer follow-up period may be required to substantiate the enduring efficacy of the current procedure.
The Use of Locally Applied Vibration to Minimize Pain during Fractional CO2 Laser Therapy in Living Liver-Donor Scar Management
Authors: Song Sinyoung , Choi Dong Hoon , Oh Tae Suk
Published: November 2016

Background Fractional CO2 laser is an effective treatment for scars, but most patients complain about sharp burning pain, even after the application of lidocaine ointment. This study analyzed the impact of a vibrating device to nonpharmacologically reduce the acute pain of laser treatment, in accordance with the gate control theory of pain management.

Methods This is a prospective study performed from May 2013 through March 2014. Fifty-three patients (mean age, 26.7 years; range, 16–44 years) who had donated livers for liver transplantation were treated with a fractional CO2 laser (10,600 nm; model eCO2, Lutronic Corp) for their abdomen scars. Laser treatment was applied 4 months after surgery. A commercially available, locally applied vibrating device (model UM-30M, Unix Electronics Co. Ltd.) was used, in an on-and-off pattern, together with the CO2 laser. A visual analogue scale (VAS; 0, no pain; 10, most severe pain) of pain sensation was assessed and statistically analyzed using a paired t-test.

Results The average VAS score for pain with the vibrating device was 4.60 and the average VAS score without the vibrating device was 6.11. The average difference between scores was 1.51 (P=0.001).

Conclusions A locally applied vibrating device was demonstrated to be effective in reducing pain when treating with a fractional CO2 laser. Vibration treatment could be helpful when treating scars with fractional CO2 laser in pain-sensitive patients, particularly children.
Multidisciplinary Approach to an Extended Pressure Sore at the Lumbosacral Area
Authors: Yoon Sehoon , Jeong Euicheol , Lázaro Hudson Alex
Published: November 2016

A pressure sore wound is often extensive or complicated by local infection involving adjacent soft tissue and bone. In this case, a regional flap after simple debridement is not adequate. Here, we present a case of an extensive pressure sore in the sacral area with deep tissue infection. A 43-year-old female patient with a complicated sore with deep tissue infection had a presacral abscess, an iliopsoas abscess, and an epidural abscess in the lumbar spine. After a multidisciplinary approach performed in stages, the infection had subsided and removal of the devitalized tissue was possible. The large soft tissue defect with significant depth was reconstructed with a free latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap, which was expected to act as a local barrier from vertical infection and provide tensionless skin coverage upon hip flexion. The extensive sacral sore was treated effectively without complication, and the deep tissue infection completely resolved. There was no evidence of donor site morbidity, and wheelchair ambulation was possible by a month after surgery.
MARITIME ARCHAEOLOGY IN INDONESIA: RESOURCES, THREATS, AND CURRENT INTEGRATED RESEARCH
Authors: Ridwan Nia Hasanah
Published: November 2016

With a sea area covering two thirds of the country, 95,181 km of coastline, and its location at a crossroads of international seafaring and trading routes, Indonesia has developed over time a wealthy maritime and underwater cultural  heritage (UCH) in the form of shipwrecks, aircraft wreckages, and other maritime sites. This paper will present the potential of maritime archaeology in Indonesia; current issues and legislations in researching, preserving and managing UCH sites; and present the various threats assessed through a number of studies conducted by the Ministry of MarineAffairs and Fisheries. It will also looks at approaches in implementing integrated and comprehensive maritime archeologyresearch involving a wide range of relevant expertise to meet the challenges of research in identifying and responding to the threats, both natural and human, faced today byUCH sites. Nowadays, maritime archaeological research in Indonesia is oriented toward marine heritage tourism. The denomination of sites as marine conservation areas protected by national legislation is an integral part of maritime archaeological research and a crucial strategy of the Ministry in the hope that these sites be used as a tool for poverty alleviation and the improvement of the local community's livelihood.
Toxina botulínica tipo-A e o ganho da funcionalidade em crianças com paralisia cerebral: revisão da literatura
Authors: Camargo Samuel Barbosa , Lima Bianca Martins
Published: November 2016

Introdução: a toxina botulínica tipo A, utilizada com segurança e eficácia, promove relaxamento muscular com efeito em 24-72 horas,
melhora clínica entre 7-10 dias e duração de 3-6 meses. A paralisia cerebral, síndrome caracterizada por distúrbios no controle motor
e postura, apresenta alterações musculoesqueléticas, deformidades ósseas e contraturas. Objetivo: a sistematização do conhecimento
sobre o uso da toxina botulínica no ganho de funcionalidade em crianças com paralisia cerebral tipo espástica, através de uma revisão
da literatura com publicações entre os anos 2003 e 2013. Metodologia: foram selecionados 15 artigos para discussão. A toxina botulínica
tem um valor preditivo para o ganho de funcionalidade e desenvolvimento da criança. As variáveis descritas foram: ação da toxina
botulínica no ganho de amplitude de movimento articular, melhora das habilidades funcionais, qualidade de marcha e independência
locomotora. Conclusão: a toxina botulínica é poderosa fonte de redução da espasticidade, aumento da mobilidade articular, alongamento
muscular, melhora do tônus e funcionalidade, seja na marcha ou uso dos membros, o que traz ganho no repertório de habilidades da
função motora com maior independência funcional e de locomoção.
Os idosos e a prevenção contra o HIV/AIDS: revisão da literatura
Authors: Maldaner Danielle Santos , Lini Ezequiel Vitório , Doring Marlene
Published: November 2016

Introdução: a crescente população idosa tem conquistado o prolongamento da vida sexual ativa, o que aumenta as possibilidades
de transmissão do HIV nesta faixa etária. Objetivo: verificar através da literatura se os idosos conhecem e se utilizam métodos
preventivos contra o HIV/AIDS. Metodologia: analisou-se o conteúdo das publicações científicas nacionais e internacionais indexadas,
que tratavam de HIV/AIDS em idosos, considerando como descritores: idosos, HIV, prevenção e comportamento sexual. Foram usadas
as bases de dados online LILACS e PUBMED, no período de 2005 a 2015. Resultados: a literatura evidencia que a não utilização do
preservativo ocorre devido à falta de conhecimento sobre o manuseio, falsas crenças sobre a transmissão do HIV, excesso de confiança
no parceiro, resistência ao uso e falta de informação. Conclusão: os idosos, segundo a literatura, não apresentam conhecimento
satisfatório sobre a transmissão e os métodos preventivos para o HIV/AIDS. Há a necessidade de mais campanhas educativas que
partam dos profissionais de saúde, da mídia e do Estado que combatam as barreiras sobre este tema e que sejam elucidadas as
dúvidas existentes sobre a doença e modo de transmissão.
Investigação do sexo e idade por meio de mensurações no palato duro e base de crânios secos de adultos
Authors: Júnior Erasmo De Almeida , Reis Francisco Prado , Galvão Luis Carlos Cavalcante , Santa Rosa Hesmoney Ramos , Santos Jonatas Santos
Published: November 2016

Introdução: a Odontologia Legal tem grande importância no processo de identificação, principalmente quando os profissionais da
área recebem para análise apenas a porção cefálica do corpo. O objetivo deste estudo é verificar o dimorfismo sexual e estimação da
idade através de mensurações faciais. Metodologia: os autores estudaram uma amostra de 162 crânios secos, sendo 80 masculinos
e 82 femininos, que pertenceram a indivíduos com idade acima de 20 anos, e com sexo e idade conhecidos com absoluta segurança.
Foram realizadas as seguintes mensurações: distância entre os forames palatinos maiores; entre o forame incisivo e o ponto médio
entre os forames palatinos maiores; entre o básio e o ponto médio entre os forames palatinos maiores; triângulo palatino e triângulo
basilar. Resultados: de acordo com a análise estatística, houve índice de acerto de 76,1% por regressão logística e 71,59% pela análise
discriminante. Foi também verificada a média e intervalo de confiança através do teste t e utilizado o método da regressão linear
múltipla para a predição da idade, constatando que o modelo apresentou significância em todas as variáveis. (p=0,0424). Conclusões:
os resultados permitiram a elaboração de metodologia estatística para o diagnóstico do sexo e idade em observações futuras.
Perfil da infecção bacteriana em ambiente hospitalar
Authors: Rodrigues Menezes Joana Marilia , Porto Maria Luísa Souto , Pimenta Carla Lauise R. M.
Published: November 2016

Infecções relacionadas à assistência à saúde ligada a patógenos multirresistentes e o uso indiscriminado de antibióticos contribuem
para a aquisição de mecanismos de resistência bacteriana, consequentemente ocasionando um impacto significativo no ambiente
hospitalar e em toda a comunidade. Objetivo: Conhecer os principais agentes causadores de infecções no ambiente hospitalar,
analisar os tratamentos utilizados e os desfechos de cura e reincidências e assim determinar o perfil das infecções bacterianas em
pacientes internados em um hospital público do município de Patos no Estado da Paraíba. Metodologia: Fez-se um estudo de coorte
observacional transversal retrospectivo a partir da pesquisa direta e aplicação de um questionário sobre os dados dos prontuários dos
pacientes internados na UTI e que fizeram uso de antibióticos durante os meses de março e abril de 2014. E dos pacientes submetidos
a cirurgias realizadas durante os meses de julho a setembro de 2015. Resultados: Analisou-se 76 prontuários dos meses de março e
abril de 2014 dos pacientes da UTI e 193 prontuários referentes a pacientes submetidos a cirurgias realizadas durante o período de
julho a setembro 2015. Segundo informações dos prontuários referentes aos pacientes da UTI, nenhum antibiograma foi realizado
no período, enquanto que nos pacientes submetidos a cirurgias foi realizado um antibiograma. O antibiótico mais utilizado foi a
cefalotina com 29,7% na UTI e 39,5% nas cirurgias. Conclusão: Houve a utilização de 12 tipos de antibióticos diferentes destacando
o uso de cefalotina na maioria dos casos. Não foi possível identificar os principais agentes causadores de infecções devido ao baixo
índice de cultura/antibiograma.
Diminuição da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) pelo uso do Trastuzumabe em pacientes com de câncer de mama HER2 positivo
Authors: Vaz Juliane Pereira , Silva Agnes Helena Nogueira da , Navarro Pedro Luiz Barbosa , Errante Paolo Ruggero
Published: November 2016

Introdução: o câncer de mama é a segunda causa de morte por câncer em mulheres, e, 25% das mulheres com câncer de mama
apresentam superexpressão do receptor 2 para o fator de crescimento epidérmico (HER2), que confere um comportamento agressivo
e prognóstico reservado. Uma das opções de tratamento é a utilização do Trastuzumabe (TZB), um anticorpo monoclonal humanizado
recombinante. Objetivo: avaliar a cardiotoxicidade induzida pelo TZB em pacientes portadoras de câncer de mama HER2 acompanhadas
no Centro de Referência da Saúde da Mulher, durante o período de junho de 2014 a outubro de 2015. Metodologia: estudo descritivo,
prospectivo de 192 pacientes com câncer de mama HER2 avançado em tratamento com TZB, ou associado à quimioterapia oncológica.
Foi avaliada a deterioração da função sistólica ventricular esquerda após um ano e cinco meses de tratamento por ecocardiograma.
Resultados: verificamos diminuição da fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) em pacientes tratamentos com TZB ou TZB
associado à quimioterapia. No grupo de pacientes tratados com TZB, verificamos em 41 pacientes (26,45%), redução da FEVE acima
de 10%, e no grupo de pacientes tratados com TZB + quimioterapia, apenas 1 paciente (2,70%) apresentou redução da FEVE acima
de 10%. Conclusão: o tratamento com TZB promoveu uma diminuição da FEVE em um número significativo de pacientes, indicando
a necessidade de maior monitoramento e controle da função cardíaca desses pacientes através da cooperação entre cardiologistas
e oncologistas
Prevalência e fatores associados à incapacidade funcional em idosos residentes na zona rural
Authors: Almeida Tâmara Zaira Santos de , Santos Clarice Alves dos , Rocha Saulo Vasconcelos , Pedreira Rhaine Borges Santos , Pinto Junior Elzo Pereira
Published: November 2016

Introdução: A avaliação da capacidade funcional e da autopercepção de saúde podem ser consideradas importantes marcadores de
condição de saúde do idoso no contexto de envelhecimento populacional da população brasileira. Objetivo: Descrever a prevalência
de incapacidade funcional e a sua associação com a autopercepção de saúde e demais características em idosos residentes na zona
rural. Metodologia: Estudo transversal, do tipo inquérito domiciliar, realizado com 95 idosos residentes na zona rural de um município
da Região Nordeste do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário padronizado, respondido pelo participante em seu
próprio domicílio. Foram utilizados procedimentos da estatística descritiva e realizada análise bivariada usando o Teste Qui-Quadrado
de Pearson e sendo calculada a Razão de Prevalência como medida de associação. Foi adotado para análise e interpretação dos
dados nível de significância de 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: A maioria dos sujeitos investigados era do sexo feminino (57,9%), com idade
entre 60 e 79 anos (75,8%), 47,4% eram hipertensos e 8,4% cardiopatas. A autopercepção de saúde negativa foi relatada por 57,9%
dos idosos e a prevalência de incapacidade funcional foi 13,7%. Foi evidenciada associações estatisticamente significantes entre
incapacidade funcional e hipertensão (RP=3,63; IC95%: 1,07-12,36) e cardiopatia (RP=4,78. IC95%:1,89-12,10), não sendo observada
significância estatística entre incapacidade e autopercepção de saúde (RP=0,86; IC95%:0,31-2,37). Conclusão: Tais resultados apontam
para importância da manutenção da independência funcional dos idosos, sendo os achados potencialmente úteis e válidos para o
planejamento e elaboração de políticas de atenção à saúde dos idosos.
Using CASIMIR-VEGETATION Model in the context of modeling riparian woods and fish species to support a holistic approach for environmental flows to be used on river management and conservation
Authors: Rivaes Rui Pedro , Pinheiro António Nascimento , Egger Gregory , Ferreira Maria Teresa
Published: November 2016

The CASiMiR-vegetation model is a software that recreates the physical processes influencing the survival and recruitment of riparian vegetation, based on the relationship between ecologically relevant flow regime components and riparian vegetation metrics that reflect the vegetation’s responses to flow regime change. Working at a flow response guild level, this tool outperforms equivalent models by overriding various restrictions of the conventional modeling approaches. The potential of the CASiMiR-vegetation model is revealed in its application to different case studies during the development of a holistic approach to determine environmental flows in lowland Mediterranean rivers, based on woody riparian vegetation and fish species. Various modeling circumstances are described where CASiMiR-vegetation model was used with the purpose of sustaining the research addressing the thesis objectives. The main findings already accomplished in this research are highlighted to illustrate the outcomes that can be attained from the use of such a model.
Ecohydromorphology of river environments of the das Velhas River upstream of Rio de Pedras hydroelectric reservoir, MG, Brazil
Authors: Ferreira Helena Lúcia Menezes , Castro Paulo de Tarso Amorim , Melo Márcia Couto , Cordeiro Pedro Fialho , Soares Aylton Carlos , Ribeiro Sylvia Therese , Freitas Mariana Davila F. P. de Paula
Published: November 2016

This paper presents the applicability of ecohydromorphology assessment in differentiating ecophysical structure of river habitats of Rio das Velhas river basin upward of Rio de Pedras reservoir, Minas Gerais,Brazil. It also presents the identification of the factors conditioning the ecophysical structure of river habitats. This review associated with biological and physico-chemical conditions of the waters aims to assess the ecological integrity of the river system and also validate the characterization of water bodies identified on a large scale in the Rio das Velhas basin.
Efeitos da regularização dos reservatórios na ictiofauna do baixo curso do rio São Francisco
Authors: Santana Katia Núbia Chaves , Torres Cássia Juliana Fernandes , Fontes Andrea Sousa , Costa André Ramos , Peso-Aguiar Marlene Campos , Alcântara Santos Alexandre Clistenes , Pinto Medeiros Yvonilde Dantas
Published: November 2016

O Rio São Francisco passou por grandes alterações no ecossistema aquático a partir da construção e do início da operação dos reservatórios Três Marias, localizado no Estado de Minas Gerais e Sobradinho, no Estado da Bahia. O artigo objetiva analisar os efeitos ecológicos da ictiofauna do baixo curso do rio São Francisco devido a regularização dos reservatórios. Para tanto, foi feito o levantamento da ictiofauna presente na área de estudo, e conduzido a simulação do comportamento da altura média do nível d’água e da velocidade média da seção transversal no mesmo período da coleta no intuído de averiguar a condição desses parâmetros hidrodinâmicos. Como principais resultados foi verificada a predominância da espécie Prochilodus argenteus “Chira” na área de estudo, sendo caracterizado o aumento de indivíduos maduros no mesmo período que ocorreu aumento da velocidade e da altura do nível d’água, indicando que essa espécie está respondendo ao aumento da velocidade da corrente, apesar da regulação causada pelas barragens. Para fornecer a restauração ecológica, as regras de operação do reservatório devem considerar a sazonalidade natural dos fluxos ao longo do ano, a fim de atender às demandas do ecossistema aquático e as comunidades costeiras, permitindo que espécies de peixes menos tolerantes possam responder aos estímulos do aumento do fluxo de água exigidos em seus processos reprodutivos.
Avaliação hidrogeomorfológica de um curso d´água urbano e as perspectivas de restabelecimento dos padrões de qualidade: Estudo de caso do Rio Córrego Grande, Florianópolis, Brasil
Authors: De Souza Patrick Santos , Pompêo Cesar Augusto
Published: November 2016

O artigo avalia a qualidade hidrogeomorfológica do rio Córrego Grande, localizado em Florianópolis, sul do Brasil, e discute os limites e possibilidades ao restabelecimento dos padrões de qualidade frente às restrições impostas pela urbanização da bacia. O curso d’água foi segmentado em sete trechos funcionalmente homogêneos (DÍAZ; OLLERO, 2005) e a sua qualidade foi avaliada por intermédio do Índice de Valoração Hidrogeomorfológica – IHG (OLLERO et al. 2007). Dentre os trechos avaliados, apenas um não oferece o potencial de restabelecimento do padrão de qualidade.
Seasonal variations in Saturn's plasma sheet warping
Authors: Carbary J. F. , Mitchell D. G.
Published: November 2016

Composite images of hydrogen and oxygen energetic neutral atoms (ENA) obtained from 2005 through 2015 from the Ion Neutral Camera on Cassini reveal the structure of Saturn's plasma sheet out to ~40 Rs (1 Rs = 60,268 km). Seen from either the dawnside or duskside at low latitude, these composites reveal that the plasma sheet is concave upward (northward) near Saturn's southern solstice, has no concavity near equinox, and is concave downward (southward) near Saturn's northern solstice. This seasonal variation confirms the Arridge “bowl” model developed early in the Cassini mission based on limited magnetometer data, with the concavity depending on the tangent of the Sun's latitude at Saturn and a “hinge” parameter rH. The best fits to the ENA data indicate rH ≈ 25–30 Rs, which is close to the 29 Rs originally suggested by the magnetometer results. The bowl structure suggests other magnetodisks in the solar system and beyond may also undergo similar warping dynamics and may not have a “flat” geometry.
Sand infiltration into a gravel bed: A mathematical model
Authors: Herrero A. , Berni C.
Published: November 2016

Fine sediment infiltration into a river bed is a physical process affected by different human actions and has several environmental, socioeconomic, and river morphology consequences. A theoretical model is proposed herein aiming to reproduce the fine sediment content depth profile resulting from the infiltration of fine sediment into an initially clean gravel bed. The model is based on the probability of infiltrating particles to be trapped in a pore throat formed by three bed particles. The model is tested against previous experimental results and is found to reproduce adequately the occurrence of the two infiltration mechanisms reported by previous studies: bridging and unimpeded static percolation. Theoretical depth profiles are found to underestimate fine sediment content at the bed subsurface (below 2–3 gravel diameter depth) compared to the laboratory results. This may be due to hyporheic flow that is not taken into account in our model. In flow experiments, the particles previously infiltrated and deposited might be destabilized by pore water flow and their fall down to the bed might be magnified.
High resolution aquifer characterization using crosshole GPR full‐waveform tomography: Comparison with direct‐push and tracer test data
Authors: Gueting Nils , Vienken Thomas , Klotzsche Anja , van der Kruk Jan , Vanderborght Jan , Caers Jef , Vereecken Harry , Englert Andreas
Published: November 2016

Limited knowledge about the spatial distribution of aquifer properties typically constrains our ability to predict subsurface flow and transport. Here we investigate the value of using high resolution full‐waveform inversion of cross‐borehole ground penetrating radar (GPR) data for aquifer characterization. By stitching together GPR tomograms from multiple adjacent crosshole planes, we are able to image, with a decimeter scale resolution, the dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity of an alluvial aquifer along cross sections of 50 m length and 10 m depth. A logistic regression model is employed to predict the spatial distribution of lithological facies on the basis of the GPR results. Vertical profiles of porosity and hydraulic conductivity from direct‐push, flowmeter and grain size data suggest that the GPR predicted facies classification is meaningful with regard to porosity and hydraulic conductivity, even though the distributions of individual facies show some overlap and the absolute hydraulic conductivities from the different methods (direct‐push, flowmeter, grain size) differ up to approximately one order of magnitude. Comparison of the GPR predicted facies architecture with tracer test data suggests that the plume splitting observed in a tracer experiment was caused by a hydraulically low‐conductive sand layer with a thickness of only a few decimeters. Because this sand layer is identified by GPR full‐waveform inversion but not by conventional GPR ray‐based inversion we conclude that the improvement in spatial resolution due to full‐waveform inversion is crucial to detect small‐scale aquifer structures that are highly relevant for solute transport.
Thiol‐Ene versus Binary Thiol–Acrylate Chemistry: Material Properties and Network Characteristics of Photopolymers
Authors: Sahin Melahat , Ayalur‐Karunakaran Santhosh , Manhart Jakob , Wolfahrt Markus , Kern Wolfgang , Schlögl Sandra
Published: November 2016

The versatile nature of photo‐induced thiol‐ene chemistry has made it one of the most popular reactions in the design of polymer networks. In the present work, the structure of uniform thiol‐ene and complex binary thiol‐acrylate networks are studied in detail by photopolymerizing cycloaliphatic and linear alkyl thiols with an allyl monomer and its acrylic counterpart. Along with the crosslink kinetics, the balance between step growth and chain growth mechanism of the two different systems is investigated by FT‐IR spectroscopy. Low field NMR experiments are carried out to obtain an insight into the chain dynamics and structure of the photopolymer networks. In addition, tensile properties and glass transition temperature are determined to correlate network properties with mechanical performance.
Thermal and Electrical Properties of Nanocomposites Based on Self‐Assembled Pristine Graphene
Authors: Bento Jennifer L. , Brown Elizabeth , Woltornist Steven J. , Adamson Douglas H.
Published: November 2016

Thermodynamically‐driven exfoliation and self‐assembly of pristine graphene sheets is shown to provide thermally and electrically functional polymer composites. The spreading of graphene sheets at a high energy liquid/liquid interface is driven by lowering the overall energy of the system, and provides for the formation of water‐in‐oil emulsions stabilized by overlapping graphene sheets. Polymerization of the oil phase, followed by removal of the dispersed water phase, produces inexpensive and porous composite foams. Contact between the graphene‐stabilized water droplets provides a pathway for electrical and thermal transport through the composite. Unlike other graphene foams, the graphite used to synthesize these composites is natural flake material, with no oxidation, reduction, sonication, high temperature thermal treatment, addition of surfactants, or high shear mixing required. The result is an inexpensive, low‐density material that exhibits Joule heating and displays increasing electrical conductivity with decreasing thermal conductivity.
Daily pain in adults with sickle cell disease—a different perspective
Authors: van Tuijn Charlotte F. J. , Sins Joep W. R. , Fijnvandraat Karin , Biemond Bart J.
Published: November 2016

Previous reports demonstrated that patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) experience pain on more than half of the observed days. Yet, these high incidences do not seem to match observations in our population. In this prospective cohort study, we aimed to assess the frequency and characteristics of daily, self‐reported pain among adult SCD patients in the Netherlands. Consecutive patients were enrolled during routine outpatient visits and followed up to 6 months. A total of 55 patients completed 5,982 diary observation days. Median age was 27 years (IQR 23‐43). Patients reported SCD related pain on 17% of the observed days; on 13% of these days this pain was not defined as a painful crisis, while 3% was reported as a painful crisis but managed at home, and on 1% of the observed days patients were admitted to the hospital. Analgesics were used on 52% of days with pain with a relatively infrequent use of oral opioids (9% of pain days). This first European study on pain in SCD indicates that pain appears to be significantly less frequent in our population as compared to previous study cohorts from the United States, and may be more representative for current SCD populations in other Western countries. Besides a more widespread use of hydroxycarbamide in modern disease management, differences in organization and accessibility of healthcare between countries may also explain this discrepancy.
Highly Site‐Selective and Direct Ortho‐C−H Nitration, Trifluoromethylation and Cyanation at the C1‐Position of Carbazole Frameworks
Authors: Reddy Ganapam Manohar , Rao Naidu Sambasiva , Hariharasarma Maheswaran
Published: November 2016

We report a concise, versatile, and practical method for ortho‐C−H mononitration, monotrifluoromethylation and monocyanation of carbazole cores via a transition‐metal‐catalyzed reaction using an appropriate functional group source. The significant advantage of this transformation is the generation of highly site‐selective direct C1–heteroatom bonds that are geometrically difficult to access, in good to excellent yields.
Aufklärung entscheidender struktureller Aspekte einer enantioselektiven Peptid‐katalysierten Acylierung mittels moderner NMR‐Techniken
Authors: Procházková Eliška , Kolmer Andreas , Ilgen Julian , Schwab Mira , Kaltschnee Lukas , Fredersdorf Maic , Schmidts Volker , Wende Raffael C. , Schreiner Peter R. , Thiele Christina M.
Published: November 2016

Wir stellen eine umfassende NMR‐spektroskopische Untersuchung der Katalysator‐Substrat‐Wechselwirkungen eines hochselektiven Oligopeptid‐Katalysators vor, welcher für die kinetische Racematspaltung von trans‐Cycloalkan‐1,2‐diolen via Monoacylierung verwendet wird. Die außerordentliche Selektivität wurde basierend auf Molekulardynamik‐Simulationen sowie DFT‐Rechnungen erklärt. In dieser Arbeit beschreiben wir die Konformationsanalyse des Organokatalysators durch Kombination des Kern‐Overhauser‐Effekts (NOE) mit residualen dipolaren Kopplungen (RDC), wobei ein Ensemble aus vier Konformeren erhalten wurde. Zur Bestätigung des postulierten Mechanismus untersuchten wir den Katalysator in Mischungen mit dem jeweiligen Enantiomer des trans‐Cyclohexan‐1,2‐diols. Zur Charakterisierung der molekularen Aggregation wurden weiterführende NMR‐Methoden, wie die Messung von T1‐Relaxationszeiten und DOSY‐Experimente, angewendet. Bei der Messung quantitativer NOEs konnte eine Änderung der intramolekularen Abstände innerhalb des Katalysators nach Zugabe des Diols festgestellt werden. Schließlich erlaubte die Entwicklung eines pure‐shift‐EASY‐ROESY‐Experiments auf der Basis von PSYCHE‐Homoentkopplung die direkte Beobachtung intermolekularer NOE‐Kontakte zwischen dem trans‐1,2‐Diol und dem Cyclohexyl‐Rest des Katalysators, welche zuvor aufgrund von Signalüberlagerung in konventionellen NMR‐Spektren nicht beobachtbar waren. Sämtliche experimentellen NMR‐Daten bestätigen die zuvor durch Berechnungen aufgestellten Modelle. Dies beinhaltet auch die vorgeschlagene Schlüsselrolle von Dispersionswechselwirkungen.
2‐Substituted dATP Derivatives as Building Blocks for Polymerase‐Catalyzed Synthesis of DNA Modified in the Minor Groove
Authors: Matyašovský Ján , Perlíková Pavla , Malnuit Vincent , Pohl Radek , Hocek Michal
Published: November 2016

2′‐Deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP) derivatives bearing diverse substituents (Cl, NH2, CH3, vinyl, ethynyl, and phenyl) at position 2 were prepared and tested as substrates for DNA polymerases. The 2‐phenyl‐dATP was not a substrate for DNA polymerases, but the dATPs bearing smaller substituents were good substrates in primer‐extension experiments, producing DNA substituted in the minor groove. The vinyl‐modified DNA was applied in thiol–ene addition and the ethynyl‐modified DNA was applied in a CuAAC click reaction to form DNA labelled with fluorescent dyes in the minor groove
Combining Organocatalysis and Lanthanide Catalysis: A Sequential One‐Pot Quadruple Reaction Sequence/Hetero‐Diels–Alder Asymmetric Synthesis of Functionalized Tricycles
Authors: Dochain Simon , Vetica Fabrizio , Puttreddy Rakesh , Rissanen Kari , Enders Dieter
Published: November 2016

A stereoselective one‐pot synthesis of functionalized complex tricyclic polyethers has been achieved using the combination of secondary amine and lanthanide catalysis. This one‐pot quadruple reaction/Hetero‐Diels–Alder sequence gave good yields (per step) as well as excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities. Furthermore, the particular combination of lanthanide complexes with organocatalysis is one of the first examples described for sequential catalysis.
Uncovering Key Structural Features of an Enantioselective Peptide‐Catalyzed Acylation Utilizing Advanced NMR Techniques
Authors: Procházková Eliška , Kolmer Andreas , Ilgen Julian , Schwab Mira , Kaltschnee Lukas , Fredersdorf Maic , Schmidts Volker , Wende Raffael C. , Schreiner Peter R. , Thiele Christina M.
Published: November 2016

We report on a detailed NMR spectroscopic study of the catalyst‐substrate interaction of a highly enantioselective oligopeptide catalyst that is used for the kinetic resolution of trans‐cycloalkane‐1,2‐diols via monoacylation. The extraordinary selectivity has been rationalized by molecular dynamics as well as density functional theory (DFT) computations. Herein we describe the conformational analysis of the organocatalyst studied by a combination of nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) and residual dipolar coupling (RDC)‐based methods that resulted in an ensemble of four final conformers. To corroborate the proposed mechanism, we also investigated the catalyst in mixtures with both trans‐cyclohexane‐1,2‐diol enantiomers separately, using advanced NMR methods such as T1 relaxation time and diffusion‐ordered spectroscopy (DOSY) measurements to probe molecular aggregation. We determined intramolecular distance changes within the catalyst after diol addition from quantitative NOE data. Finally, we developed a pure shift EASY ROESY experiment using PSYCHE homodecoupling to directly observe intermolecular NOE contacts between the trans‐1,2‐diol and the cyclohexyl moiety of the catalyst hidden by spectral overlap in conventional spectra. All experimental NMR data support the results proposed by earlier computations including the proposed key role of dispersion interaction.
Cassava starch‐based nanocomposites reinforced with cellulose nanofibers extracted from sisal
Authors: Santana Jamille Santos , do Rosário Jamile Marques , Pola Cícero Cardoso , Otoni Caio Gomide , de Fátima FerreiraSoares Nilda , Camilloto Geany Peruch , Cruz Renato Souza
Published: November 2016

Cellulose nanofibers were extracted from sisal and incorporated at different concentrations (0–5%) into cassava starch to produce nanocomposites. Films' morphology, thickness, transparency, swelling degree in water, water vapor permeability (WVP) as well as thermal and mechanical properties were studied. Cellulose nanofiber addition affected neither thickness (56.637 ± 2.939 µm) nor transparency (2.97 ± 1.07 mm−1). WVP was reduced until a cellulose nanofiber content of 3.44%. Tensile force was increased up to a nanocellulose concentration of 3.25%. Elongation was decreased linearly upon cellulose nanofiber addition. Among all films, the greatest Young's modulus was 2.2 GPa. Cellulose nanofibers were found to reduce the onset temperature of thermal degradation, although melting temperature and enthalpy were higher for the nanocomposites. Because cellulose nanofibers were able to improve key properties of the films, the results obtained here can pave the route for the development and large‐scale production of novel biodegradable packaging materials. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44637.
Electrospinning of in situ and ex situ synthesized polyimide composites reinforced by titanate nanotubes
Authors: Harito Christian , Porras Ruben , Bavykin Dmitry V. , Walsh Frank C.
Published: November 2016

A colloidal dispersion of titanate nanotubes (TiNT) and polyamic acid (PAA) in dimethylformamide (DMF) was electrospun and chemically converted to polyimide (PI)–titanate nanotube (PI‐TiNT) composite nanofibers of 500–1000 nm diameter. The dispersion of nanotubes in the polymer was addressed by two different approaches, namely an in situ method (when TiNT was coated with one of the monomers) and an ex situ one (when TiNT reacted directly with PAA). SEM images showed bead formation on samples from the in situ approach, while ex situ samples showed the absence of such features. Good distribution and some alignment of TiNT within the polymer fibers from in situ or ex situ approaches were observed by TEM imaging. Addition of titanate nanotubes into the polyimide significantly decreased the viscosity of polyamic acid solution and increased the glass transition temperature of the composite. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44641.
Estimating the required logistical resources to support the development of a sustainable corn stover bioeconomy in the USA
Authors: Ebadian Mahmood , Sokhansanj Shahab , Webb Erin
Published: November 2016

In this study, the logistical resources required to develop a bioeconomy based on corn stover in the USA are quantified, including field equipment, storage sites, transportation and handling equipment, workforce, corn growers, and corn lands. These resources are essential to mobilize large quantities of corn stover from corn fields to biorefineries. The logistical resources are estimated over the lifetime of the biorefineries. Seventeen corn‐growing states are considered for the logistical resource assessment. Over 6.8 billion gallons of cellulosic ethanol can be produced annually from 108 million dry tons of corn stover in these states. The maximum number of required field equipment (i.e., choppers, balers, collectors, loaders, and tractors) is estimated to be 194 110 units with a total economic value of about $26 billion. In addition, 40 780 trucks and flatbed trailers would be required to transport bales from corn fields and storage sites to biorefineries with a total economic value of $4.0 billion. About 88 899 corn growers need to be contracted with an annual net income of over $2.1 billion. About 1903 storage sites would be required to hold 53.1 million dry tons of inventory after the harvest season. These storage sites would take up about 35 320.2 acres and 4077 loaders with an economic value of $0.4 billion would handle this inventory. The total required workforce to run the logistics operations is estimated to be 50 567. The magnitude of the estimated logistical resources demonstrates the economic and social significance of the corn stover bioeconomy in rural areas in the USA. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
A semiparametric mixture cure survival model for left‐truncated and right‐censored data
Authors: Chen Chyong‐Mei , Shen Pao‐Sheng , Wei James Cheng‐Chung , Lin Lichi
Published: November 2016

In follow‐up studies, the disease event time can be subject to left truncation and right censoring. Furthermore, medical advancements have made it possible for patients to be cured of certain types of diseases. In this article, we consider a semiparametric mixture cure model for the regression analysis of left‐truncated and right‐censored data. The model combines a logistic regression for the probability of event occurrence with the class of transformation models for the time of occurrence. We investigate two techniques for estimating model parameters. The first approach is based on martingale estimating equations (EEs). The second approach is based on the conditional likelihood function given truncation variables. The asymptotic properties of both proposed estimators are established. Simulation studies indicate that the conditional maximum‐likelihood estimator (cMLE) performs well while the estimator based on EEs is very unstable even though it is shown to be consistent. This is a special and intriguing phenomenon for the EE approach under cure model. We provide insights into this issue and find that the EE approach can be improved significantly by assigning appropriate weights to the censored observations in the EEs. This finding is useful in overcoming the instability of the EE approach in some more complicated situations, where the likelihood approach is not feasible. We illustrate the proposed estimation procedures by analyzing the age at onset of the occiput‐wall distance event for patients with ankylosing spondylitis.
Randomized clinical trial of preoperative skin antisepsis with chlorhexidine gluconate or povidone–iodine
Authors: Park H M , Han S-S , Lee E C , Lee S D , Yoon H M , Eom B W , Kim S H , Ryu K W , Park S-J , Kim Y W , Park B
Published: November 2016

Background

Skin antiseptic agents are used to prevent surgical-site infection (SSI); few trials have reported the superiority of any specific agent in clean-contaminated abdominal surgery. This RCT was designed to compare the effectiveness of chlorhexidine gluconate and povidone–iodine.

Methods

Consecutive patients who underwent clean-contaminated upper gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary–pancreatic open surgery between 2011 and 2014 were assigned randomly to either chlorhexidine gluconate or povidone–iodine. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of SSI within 30 days of surgery. Secondary endpoints included causative organisms and risk factors for SSI.

Results

A total of 534 patients were randomized; 31 (5·8 per cent) developed an SSI. There was no difference in the overall SSI rate in the chlorhexidine gluconate and povidone–iodine groups: 15 of 267 (5·6 per cent) and 16 of 267 (6·0 per cent) respectively (P = 0·853). The most common causative organism was Enterococcus faecalis. In subgroup analysis, biliary–pancreatic surgery had a higher SSI rate (26 of 127, 20·5 per cent) than upper gastrointestinal (2 of 204, 1·0 per cent) and hepatic (3 of 203, 1·5 per cent) resection. Both age (60 years and over) and type of incision were associated with the risk of SSI.

Conclusion

No difference was detected between chlorhexidine gluconate and povidone–iodine antiseptics for prevention of SSI. Registration number: NCT01495117 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov).
Parental psychopathology linked to self‐harm in teens
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: November 2016

Nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI) in teens is a risk factor for suicidal behavior as well as linked to psychopathology, denoted by poor self‐regulation, but little has been known about how these connections work. Researchers, therefore, wanted to look at how parental psychopathology and personality contribute to adolescent NSSI.
Lithium Deposition from a Piperidinium–based Ionic Liquid: Rapping Dendrites on the Knuckles
Authors: Berger Claudia A. , Ceblin Maximilian U. , Jacob Timo
Published: November 2016

Using cyclic voltammetry (CV), in‐situ scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM) the initial stages of lithium deposition on Au(111) from a solution of lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide in the commercially available ionic liquid 1‐methyl‐1‐propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (MPPipTFSI) were investigated. We could identify three distinct cathodic peaks in the potential range from 0 to −2.5 V (vs. Pt quasi‐reference electrode), corresponding to different lithium deposition modes. While in the potential region of the under‐potential deposition (UPD) (−1.2 to −1.8 V) the growth of monoatomic high islands (300–370 pm) takes place, Li bulk deposition occurs at potentials <−2.3 V. Finally, the third peak at 0 V, which only appears after a previous bulk deposition, is connected to a strand‐like growth of lithium at (111) terraces with a uniform orientation over the whole substrate. Interestingly, once reaching a step‐edge, the one‐dimensional growth continues into the electrolyte, indicating the initial stages of Li dendrite formation.
Efficient recursive canonical variate analysis approach for monitoring time‐varying processes
Authors: Shang Liangliang , Liu Jianchang , Zhang Yingwei , Wang Guozhu
Published: November 2016

Canonical variate analysis (CVA) has been applied successfully in process monitoring. This paper proposes an efficient recursive CVA approach to monitor time‐varying processes. The exponential weighted moving average approach has been adopted to update the covariance matrix of past observation vectors without the need for recalling past training data. The most important challenge faced by the recursive CVA algorithm is the high computation cost. To reduce the computation cost, the first order perturbation theory was introduced to update the singular value decomposition (SVD) of the Hankel matrix recursively. The computation cost of recursive SVD based on the first order perturbation theory is significantly less compared with conventional SVD. The proposed method is illustrated by the simulation of the continuous stirred tank reactor system. Simulation results indicate that not only can the proposed method effectively adapt to the natural changes of time‐varying processes but also the proposed method can also identify two types of abrupt sensor faults.