bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mixed-Supervised Learning for Cell Classification
Authors: Sun Hao , Guo Danqi , Chen Zhao
Published: February 2025

Cell classification based on histopathology images is crucial for tumor recognition and cancer diagnosis. Using deep learning, classification accuracy is hugely improved. Semi-supervised learning is an advanced deep learning approach that uses both labeled and unlabeled data. However, complex datasets that comprise diverse patterns may drive models towards learning harmful features. Therefore, it is useful to involve human guidance during training. Hence, we propose a mixed-supervised method incorporating semi-supervision and “human-in-the-loop” for cell classification. We design a sample selection mechanism that assigns highly confident unlabeled samples to automatic semi-supervised optimization and unreliable ones for online annotation correction. We use prior human annotations to pretrain the backbone and trustworthy pseudo labels and online human annotations to fine-tune the model for accurate cell classification. Experimental results show that the mixed-supervised model reaches overall accuracies as high as 86.56%, 99.33% and 74.12% on LUSC, BloodCell, and PanNuke datasets, respectively.
Enhanced N-Butanol Sensing Performance of Cr-Doped CeO2 Nanomaterials
Authors: Chen Yanping , Xu Haoyang , Ren Jing , Zhang Guangfeng , Jia Yonghui
Published: February 2025

The Cr-doped CeO2 nanomaterials were prepared by a simple hydrothermal method. Morphological analysis revealed that Cr doping altered the morphology and size of the CeO2 particles. Gas sensing tests results showed that Cr/Ce-2 has the highest response (Ra/Rg = 15.6 @ 10 ppm), which was 12.58 times higher than that of the pure CeO2 sensor. Furthermore, the optimal operating temperature was reduced from 210 °C to 170 °C. The Cr/Ce-2 sensor also displayed outstanding repeatability and gas selectivity. The improved gas sensing performance of the Cr-doped CeO2 sensor can be attributed to its smaller grain size and higher porosity compared to pure CeO2. In addition, oxygen vacancies played a pivotal role in improving the gas-sensing performance. The present work provides a new CeO2-based gas-sensitive material for the detection of n-butanol.
Exhibitions in a Political Context and Their Impact on Knowledge Democracy
Authors: Keppel Matthias
Published: February 2025

Parliaments play a key role in the concept of knowledge democracy. They contribute to the production and dissemination of knowledge, promote critical thinking and opinion formation, and strengthen democracy through high-quality laws. Scientific investigation has always focused on the work of committees and plenary session debates, but less attention has been paid to the communication measures that contribute to informing the populace. However, these are necessary to ensure the objective reporting of the topics under debate. This article is the first to address a completely new topic of public information by parliaments: exhibitions in a political context. The new visitor center in the Austrian parliament, the Demokratikum—Experience Parliament, is used to illustrate the innovative communication measures that are being taken to educate citizens about the functions of parliamentarianism. The focus is on the production and communication of knowledge using digital and interactive exhibition stations that explain complex political topics in a user-friendly way. In addition to presenting single examples, this article aims to promote innovative communication concepts to show people all the possibilities for participation in political systems and thus strengthen the quality of democracy in the long term.
Life Cycle Assessment Applied to Milk Production and Processing: An Integrative Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Cruz-Rivero Lidilia , Hernández Erika Andrea , Lince-Olguín Ernesto , Mar-Orozco Carlos Eusebio , López-García Susana Astrid , Cruz-Martínez Perla Yetlanezi
Published: February 2025

This study summarizes advancements in life cycle assessment (LCA) that enhance our understanding of environmental sustainability in milk production and processing. A systematic review of 84 papers published between 2018 and 2024 was conducted to highlight the topics and the main methodological elements that can aid in prioritizing interventions from an environmental standpoint. The findings indicate that the most discussed topics include farming management strategies, mitigation approaches, and livestock management. Limited attention was given to the circular economy, energy efficiency, milk production and consumption, and feed management. In the goal and scope phase, only 36 studies followed a standard LCA methodology, while 53 took a comparative approach and 32 a descriptive one. In the inventory analysis phase, 23% relied solely on modeled data, 72% on experimental data, and 56 studies used IPCC guidelines for emission factors. For impact assessment, the main categories addressed were global warming potential, eutrophication potential, and acidification potential, with ReCiPe being the most commonly used method. Importantly, more than half of the studies did not conduct uncertainty or sensitivity analyses; only 27% performed sensitivity analyses and 12% performed uncertainty analyses. The review offers insights for advocates of LCA and suggests future research directions.
Empowering Sustainable Farming: Harnessing Digital Technology for Green and Low-Carbon Agricultural Practices
Authors: Song Yanju , Liu Min
Published: February 2025

Agricultural digitization is crucial for enhancing agricultural productivity and efficiency and promoting green low-carbon development. Based on the provincial panel data of China from 2012 to 2021, this study employs the entropy value method and the GML index based on SBM-DDF to quantify agricultural digitization and agricultural green total factor productivity. It utilizes two-way fixed effects, group regression, and threshold effect models to examine the influence of agricultural digitization in agriculture on the green and carbon-reduction progression of farming practices, as well as to clarify the underlying mechanisms behind these effects. The study finds that agricultural digitalization significantly promotes agricultural green low-carbon development. Green innovation and scale operation mediate the impact path of agricultural digitalization, and there is a threshold effect of digital financial inclusion. Moreover, agricultural digitization has a significant impact on the eastern region and a smaller impact on the central and western areas, and the effect is better in regions with high levels of innovation. The results of the study provide a scientific basis for the synergizing of agricultural digitization and agricultural development that is green and low-carbon, as well as for the construction of relevant subjects for interest cooperation and sharing mechanisms.
Primary-Education Students’ Performance in Arguing About a Socioscientific Issue: The Case of Pharmaceuticals in Surface Water
Authors: Fernández-Huetos Nuria , Pérez-Martín José Manuel , Guevara-Herrero Irene , Esquivel-Martín Tamara
Published: February 2025

The teaching of environmental education must change to promote critical, sustainable, and reflective engagement with environmental problems. This study introduces a social-science question for primary education focused on pharmaceuticals in surface water. The aims of the paper are to evaluate the level of students’ performance in arguing their answers in relation to the reference answer; their use and interpretation of provided materials from which they draw the evidence to justify their arguments; and the type of solutions they propose in the framework of sustainability. This is carried out by analyzing the content of their written reports and the discourse during their group discussions. Statistical tests are also used to compare their individual and group performance. The results show that students perform at an intermediate level. They use text and video effectively but struggle with graphs and maps. Their proposed solutions are contextually appropriate and consider multiple perspectives. Notably, their performance is similar whether working individually or in groups. All in all, this pedagogical intervention in the framework of scientific practices and transformative environmental education supports the development of scientific thinking and sheds light on how students process information when addressing socio-environmental issues.
Nexus Between Corporate Sustainability Reporting and Risk Mitigation: Evidence from Chinese Listed Firms
Authors: Haider Waqas , Tunio Fayaz Hussain , Arshad Muhammad Usman , Ferreira Paulo Jorge Silveira
Published: February 2025

This study examines how corporate sustainability reporting affects the corporate risk-taking of Chinese firms based on a sample size of 5356 companies for the period 2011–2023. We examined the overall impact of CSR on CRT, as well as the individual impact of CSR subcomponents such as environmental (CESR), social (CSSR), and governance (CGSR). We further examined how this relationship is affected by moderating variables such as employees’ education and financial flexibility. We used the PCSE technique for cross-sectional dependence and heteroscedasticity in our analysis. But to ensure robustness and address the potential endogeneity, we used the 2SLS and two-step system GMM dynamic panel methods. This study also checks the mechanism analysis and heterogeneity analysis based on revenue growth and firm sizes, respectively. The results states that CSR and its subcomponents (CESR, CSSR, and CGSR) reduce the CRT of the Chinese companies, and this reducing impact becomes stronger when moderated by the employees’ education and financial flexibility of the firms. These results show why sustainability reporting and practices are important for reducing CRT. This research underscores the need for firms to adopt sustainable corporate governance frameworks and highlights the pivotal role of organizational factors in reinforcing the risk-reducing benefits of sustainability initiatives.
Emotional Support as a Lifeline: Promoting the Sustainability of Quality of Life for College Students with Disabilities Facing Mental Health Disorders
Authors: Alyahya Mansour , Elshaer Ibrahim A. , Azazz Alaa M. S. , Sobaih Abu Elnasr E.
Published: February 2025

Drawing on Social Support Theory, this research makes a new attempt to examine the moderating role of emotional support for students with disability in the link from mental health disorder to a sustained quality of life. Responses from 620 students with disabilities were analyzed with SEM analysis using Smart PLS. The results showed a direct negative impact of stress, depression, and anxiety on the QoL of disabled students. Additionally, the results confirmed a moderating role of emotional support in the link between stress, anxiety, and QoL among disabled students. This means that emotional support was able to mitigate the negative impact of both stress and anxiety on the QoL of disabled students. However, the results did not confirm the moderate role of depression in this relationship. This means that emotional support given to students with disabilities was not enough to mitigate the negative impact of depression on the sustained QoL of disabled students. It also means that there are other support structures and interventions needed to mitigate the negative impact of depression on the QoL among disabled students. Implications of the results are thus elaborated.
Identifying the Impact of Public Amenities on Urban Growth: A Case Study of the Quebec Metropolitan Region, Canada (1986–2022)
Authors: Zare Sani Atefeh , Dubé Jean
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore how public amenities, such as school location, commercial centers, health centers, highways, and distance to the central business district (CBD) shape the development of a metropolitan area. To do so, a case study based on the Québec Metropolitan Region (QMR-Canada) is proposed. Using Landsat satellite images from 1986 to 2022, the research employs a Random Forest Classification algorithm, leveraging features like the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and the Modified Built-up Index (MBI) to map and quantify changes in built-up areas over time. The originality of this study lies in its use of a panel logistic model to systematically assess the influence of these factors on urban growth. Results show that urban development tends to decrease with distance from CBDs, though significant urban sprawl was observed between 1996 and 2002. The model highlights key periods—1996, 2002, and 2007—as pivotal in shaping development. Statistically significant effects were found for proximity to CBDs, main roads, and education centers, while commercial and health centers had no notable impact.
Enhancing Urban Resilience: Opportunities and Challenges in Adapting to Natural Disasters in Indonesian Cities
Authors: Fuady Mirza , Buraida  , Kevin M. Andrian , Farrel M. Rafi , Triaputri Allya
Published: February 2025

This study identifies the key challenges and opportunities for enhancing urban resilience in Indonesia, focusing on the implementation of green city concepts as a strategic solution to improve urban sustainability. Case studies of Banda Aceh, Jakarta, and Surabaya demonstrate the potential and limitations of this approach in addressing critical issues such as flooding, coastal erosion, and urban heat island effects. A systematic literature review (SLR) and policy analysis related to urban resilience were employed, along with an evaluation of green city initiatives implemented in several major cities across Indonesia. Findings reveal that inadequate infrastructure, rapid urbanization, and limited budgets constitute major obstacles to adopting sustainable solutions. However, significant opportunities exist for enhancing urban resilience through collaborative efforts between the government, society, and the private sector. These opportunities include the application of environmentally friendly technologies, the development of robust early warning systems, and the implementation of adaptive urban planning strategies. This study concludes that strengthening urban resilience necessitates cross-sector collaboration, investments in resilient infrastructure, and increased public awareness and involvement in mitigating disaster risks and addressing the challenges of climate change.
Molecular Dynamics Simulations of CeO2 Nano-Fuel: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Properties
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhou Jianbo , Zhao Yingjie , He Zhen , Xi Wenxiong , Zhao Weidong
Published: February 2025

This study explores the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of CeO2 nano-fuels, with a particular focus on the influence of nanoparticle additives on the diffusion and thermal conductivity of C14-based fuel systems. Using molecular dynamics simulations and the COMPASS force field, we model the interactions between C14 molecules and CeO2 nanoparticles, varying nanoparticle size and concentration. Our results reveal that the inclusion of CeO2 nanoparticles leads to significant enhancements in both thermal conductivity (increasing by 9.8–23.6%) and diffusion coefficients (increasing by approximately 140%) within the 20 °C to 100 °C temperature range. These improvements are attributed to the interactions between nanoparticles and fuel molecules, which facilitate more efficient energy and mass transport. Notably, nanoparticles with smaller sizes (0.2 nm and 0.5 nm) exhibit more pronounced effects on both the thermodynamic and kinetic properties than larger nanoparticle analogs (20 nm and 50 nm). The study also highlights the temperature-dependent nature of these properties, demonstrating that nanoparticle additives enhance the fuel’s thermal stability and diffusion behavior, particularly at elevated temperatures. This work provides valuable insights into the optimization of nano-fuel systems, with potential applications in enhancing the performance and efficiency of diesel combustion and heat transfer processes.
Symmetry in Civil Transportation Engineering
Authors: Bai Yao , Shan Renliang
Published: February 2025

Symmetrical structures, such as tunnels, diaphragm walls, and blasting charge structures, are becoming increasingly prevalent in civil transportation engineering [...]
Directed Consumer-Generated Content (DCGC) for Social Media Marketing: Analyzing Performance Metrics from a Field Experiment in the Publishing Industry
Authors: Ntousi Eleni , Lazaris Chris , Katiaj Pavlina , Koukopoulos Anastasios
Published: February 2025

This study examines the efficacy of a novel form of consumer-generated content (CGC) digital advertising, termed “directed” consumer-generated content (DCGC), in comparison to traditional brand-created social media advertisements. The analysis focuses on performance metrics and return on ad spend (ROAS). Data were gathered from social media campaigns incorporating both DCGC and non-CGC through a field experiment, followed by a rigorous statistical analysis to identify the most effective advertising strategies. Findings indicate that DCGC typically results in significantly higher conversion rates, increased conversions, and superior ROAS. Overall, DCGC advertisements demonstrate enhanced performance relative to non-CGC campaigns, suggesting that they represent a more strategic allocation of a brand’s marketing resources, particularly when the primary objective is to drive sales and achieve elevated conversion rates. This research contributes to the academic discourse and practical implementation of social media advertising by highlighting the advantages of DCGC as a cost-effective and efficient advertising approach for brands.
Network Pharmacology to Unveil the Mechanism of Berberine in the Treatment of Streptococcus suis Meningitis in Humans and Pigs
Authors: Guo Pu , Xue Yunda , Zhang Dan , Lu Qirong , Liu Yu , Xiong Jianglin , Ye Chun , Fu Shulin , Wu Zhongyuan , Wang Xu , Qiu Yinsheng
Published: February 2025

Streptococcus suis (S. suis) is a major swine pathogen throughout the world as well as an emerging zoonotic agent. Among the symptoms caused by S. suis, including septicemia, pneumonia, endo-carditis, arthritis, and meningitis, the latter is the most overlooked. In the present study, we explored the mechanism of action of berberine against S. suis meningitis by obtaining berberine-related action targets, porcine S. suis meningitis targets, and human S. suis meningitis targets from open databases. We constructed a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network by using the STRING database and employed Cytoscape 3.8.0 to screen for core targets. We performed Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses through DAVID. We identified 31 potential targets of berberine, of which Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), fibronectin 1 (FN1), superoxide dismutase (SOD1), and catalase (CAT) were the four most critical targets. GO analysis revealed the enrichment of terms related to the response to oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. KEGG analysis revealed the enrichment of the interleukin 17 (IL-17), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt, TLR, tumor necrosis factor (TNF), and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. In addition, the admetSAR results showed that berberine can cross the blood–brain barrier. The molecular docking results indicated key binding activity between TLR4–berberine and FN1–berberine. In summary, berberine protects against Streptococcus suis meningitis by regulating inflammatory response and oxidative stress in humans and pigs. Our study updates the current knowledge of the targets of S. suis meningitis to exploit new drugs in humans and pigs, to develop environmentally friendly and antibiotic-free animal-derived food products, and to improve the farming industry and economic development.
Etiological Spectrum of Acute Respiratory Infections in Bulgaria During the 2023–2024 Season and Genetic Diversity of Circulating Influenza Viruses
Authors: Korsun Neli , Trifonova Ivelina , Pavlova Diana , Uzunova Yordanka , Ivanov Ivan , Ivanov Daniel , Velikov Petar , Voleva Silvia , Tcherveniakova Tatiana , Christova Iva
Published: February 2025

Influenza poses a serious threat to both individual and public health. This study aimed to investigate the virological and epidemiological characteristics of influenza infections and to explore the genetic diversity of the circulating influenza viruses. In total, 1886 nasopharyngeal specimens from patients with acute respiratory illnesses were tested against 13 respiratory viruses using a multiplex real-time PCR. Whole-genome sequencing, phylogenetic, and amino acid analyses of representative influenza strains were performed. At least one respiratory virus was detected in 869 (46.1%) patients; 87 (4.6%) were co-infected with two or three viruses. Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 was the most prevalent virus (16.1%), followed by rhinoviruses (8.1%) and RSV (6.7%). Hemagglutinin (HA) genes of the 74 influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses were categorized in subclades C.1.8, C.1.9, and C.1 within clade 5a.2a and D1, D.2, and D.3 within clade 5a.2a.1. The A(H3N2) viruses analyzed belonged to clade 2a.3a.1, subclades J.2 and J.1. The sequenced B/Victoria lineage viruses fell into clade V1A.3a.2, subclades C.5.6 and C.5.7. Amino acid substitutions in most viral proteins were identified compared with the vaccine strains, including in the HA antigenic sites. This study demonstrated the dominant distribution of the influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus among the respiratory viruses studied and the genetic diversity of the circulating influenza viruses.
Phytomedical Properties of Carica papaya for Boosting Human Immunity Against Viral Infections
Authors: Srivastava Rashmi , Jaiswal Neeshma , Kharkwal Harsha , Dubey Neeraj Kumar , Srivastava Rakesh
Published: February 2025

Carica papaya, a tropical fruit-bearing plant, has attracted significant attention for its diverse phytomedical properties and its ability to regulate both innate and adaptive immunity, making it a promising natural therapeutic agent. C. papaya is rich in bioactive compounds that play a multifaceted role in immunomodulation. These bioactive constituents have demonstrated efficacy not only against the dengue virus but also against other viral infections, including COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Zika virus, and others. The antiviral effects of C. papaya are achieved through its ability to enhance host immunity, mitigate inflammation, reduce oxidative stress, inhibit viral replication, and modulate immune responses. These mechanisms highlight its potential as a candidate for antiviral therapies, paving the way for further exploration of its pharmacological applications and promoting eco-friendly, accessible healthcare solutions for combating viral diseases. This review highlights the antiviral potential of C. papaya extracts in inhibiting viral replication and modulating immune responses, emphasizing the need for further studies and clinical trials to validate their efficacy against other medically significant viruses causing human diseases.
Long-Term Protection in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) to Pancreas Disease (PD) Can Be Achieved Through Immunization with Genetically Modified, Live Attenuated Salmonid Alphavirus 3
Authors: Braaen Stine , Wessel Øystein , Bjørgen Håvard , Rimstad Espen
Published: February 2025

Background: Pancreas disease (PD) is a serious disease in European salmonid aquaculture caused by salmonid alphavirus (SAV), of which six genotypes (SAV1–6) have been described. The use of inactivated virus and DNA PD vaccines is common in marine salmonid aquaculture and has contributed to a reduction of the occurrence of disease; however, outbreaks are still frequent. Methods: In this study, we compared the long-term protection after immunization of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with three different clones of attenuated infectious SAV3. The clones were made by site-directed mutagenesis targeting the glycoprotein E2 to disrupt the viral attachment and/or nuclear localization signal (NLS) of the capsid protein to disrupt the viral suppression of cellular nuclear-cytosol trafficking. The resulting clones (Clones 1–3) were evaluated after injection of Atlantic salmon for infection dynamics, genetic stability, transmission, and protection against a subsequent SAV3 challenge. Results: Attenuated clones demonstrated reduced virulence, as indicated by lower viral RNA loads, diminished transmission to cohabitant fish, and minimal clinical symptoms compared to the virulent wild-type virus. The clones mutated in both capsid and E2 exhibited the most attenuation, observed as rapid clearing of the infection and showing little transmission, while the clone with glycoprotein E2 mutations displayed greater residual virulence but provided stronger protection, seen as reduced viral loads upon subsequent challenge with SAV3. Despite their attenuation, all viral clones caused significant reductions in weight gain. Conclusions: Despite promising attenuation and protection, this study highlights the trade-offs between virulence and immunogenicity in live vaccine design. Concerns over environmental risks, such as the shedding of genetically modified virus, necessitate further evaluation. Future efforts should optimize vaccine candidates to balance attenuation, immunogenicity, and minimal side effects.
Innate Sensing of Viral Nucleic Acids and Their Use in Antiviral Vaccine Development
Authors: Enya Takuji , Ross Susan R.
Published: February 2025

Viruses pose a significant threat to humans by causing numerous infectious and potentially fatal diseases. Understanding how the host’s innate immune system recognizes viruses is essential to understanding pathogenesis and ways to control viral infection. Innate immunity also plays a critical role in shaping adaptive immune responses induced by vaccines. Recently developed adjuvants often include nucleic acids that stimulate pattern recognition receptors which are essential components of innate immunity necessary for activating antigen-presentation cells and thereby bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Therefore, understanding viral nucleic acid sensing by cytosolic sensors is essential, as it provides the potential means for developing new vaccine strategies, including effective adjuvants.
Porvac® Subunit Vaccine Protects Against Three Field Isolates of Classical Swine Fever Virus
Authors: Sordo-Puga Yusmel , Rodríguez-Moltó María Pilar , Pérez-Pérez Danny , Naranjo-Valdés Paula , Sardina-González Talía , Méndez-Orta Mary Karla , Santana-Rodríguez Elaine , Vargas-Hernández Milagros , Laura Perera Carmen , Duarte Carlos A. , Suárez-Pedroso Marisela
Published: February 2025

The control of classical swine fever (CSF) in endemic areas has been attempted with modified live vaccines. However, in some regions, the implementation of imperfect vaccination programs has led to a reduction in the genetic diversity of the circulating CSF virus (CSFV) strains and a change in their virulence. Porvac® subunit vaccine has been shown to provide a rapid onset of protection against the “Margarita” strain. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the immune response induced by Porvac® is also effective against autochthonous CSFV isolates of low, medium or high virulence. All pigs vaccinated with Porvac® were protected against the disease after challenge. PR-11/10–3 isolate caused a very mild disease in controls, whilst Holguin_2009 isolate produced mild to moderate signs of CSF and one of the pigs died. Finally, controls inoculated with PR-2016 isolate developed moderate to severe signs of CSF and two of them died. Viral replication was detected in controls, but not in pigs immunized with Porvac®. Finally, anti-Erns antibodies were induced in five out of six control pigs but not in any of the vaccinated pigs. These results support the use of Porvac® for the control and elimination of CSF in Cuba and other endemic regions.
Early and Late Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness in South Korea During the 2023–2024 Season
Authors: Choi Yu Jung , Song Joon Young , Wie Seong-Heon , Lee Jacob , Lee Jin-Soo , Jeong Hye Won , Eom Joong Sik , Sohn Jang Wook , Choi Won Suk , Nham Eliel , Yoon Jin Gu , Noh Ji Yun , Cheong Hee Jin , Kim Woo Joo
Published: February 2025

Background: During the 2023–2024 season, the influenza epidemic in South Korea peaked earlier, and the influenza vaccination rate among individuals aged ≥ 65 was high (82.2%). However, data on real-world vaccine effectiveness against influenza are lacking. Methods: From November 2023 to April 2024, we conducted a multicenter retrospective case–control study on adult patients aged ≥ 18 years who presented with influenza-like illness at seven medical centers as a part of a hospital-based influenza morbidity and mortality surveillance (HIMM) program in South Korea. Demographic and clinical data were collected from questionnaire surveys and electronic medical records. Using a test-negative design, we assessed the effectiveness of the 2023–2024 seasonal influenza vaccine, with age, sex, and comorbidities included as covariates. Results: A total of 3390 participants were enrolled through the HIMM system, including 1695 patients with either rapid antigen test (RAT) or real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) positive results and controls matched for age, sex, and months of registration. Among the 1696 influenza-positive patients, 1584 (93.5%) underwent RAT, with 88.9% testing positive for influenza A and 11.1% for influenza B. During the study periods, the overall vaccine effectiveness (VE) was 24.3% (95% confidence interval (CI), 11.5 to 35.2). The VE was insignificant when limited to older adults aged ≥ 65 years (13.5%; 95% CI, −17.9 to 36.6). In the subgroup analysis by subtype, the VE was 19.0% (95% CI, 5.0 to 31.0) for influenza A and 56.3% (95% CI, 35.3 to 70.6) for influenza B. Notably, influenza VE was 20.4% (95% CI, 2.9 to 34.8) in the early period (November to December) but decreased to 12.4% (95% CI, −14.9 to 33.2) in the late period (January to April). Conclusion: During the 2023–2024 season, the influenza vaccine showed a modest effectiveness (24.3%) against laboratory-confirmed influenza, which was particularly higher for influenza B. Because the VE was insignificant in older adults, particularly during the late period, better immunogenic influenza vaccines with longer-lasting protection should be considered.
Achievement and Challenges in Orthohantavirus Vaccines
Authors: Chai Shiqi , Wang Limei , Du Hong , Jiang Hong
Published: February 2025

Orthohantaviruses (also known as hantaviruses) are pathogens that cause two distinct, yet related forms of severe human disease: hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS). These diseases pose a significant threat to global public health due to their high case fatality rates, which can range from 1% to 50%. In recent years, an increasing number of countries and regions have reported human cases, underscoring the urgent need for improved understanding, prevention, and treatment strategies. Given the severity of these diseases and the lack of specific post-exposure antiviral treatments, preventive measures are critical. For several decades, substantial efforts have been dedicated to developing orthohantavirus vaccines, leading to significant advancements. The first large-scale deployment involved inactivated vaccines, which played a crucial role in reducing HFRS incidence in South Korea and China. Subunit vaccines, viral vector vaccines, and virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines have also been extensively researched. Nucleic acid vaccines, including both mRNA and DNA vaccines, hold the greatest potential for future development due to their rapid design and production cycles, ability to elicit robust immune responses, ease of storage and transportation, and adaptable production platforms. Ongoing advancements in computer technology and artificial intelligence promise to further enhance the development of more effective orthohantavirus vaccines.
Investigation of Off-Season Breeding Effects on Egg-Laying Performance, Serum Biochemical Parameters, and Reproductive Hormones in Zhedong White
Authors: Zhu Jiaqiao , Ma Yonggang , Ali Waseem , Yu Rui , Zou Hui , Liu Zongping
Published: February 2025

Off-season breeding is a method of encouraging animals through manual intervention to reproduce during the non-breeding season. The egg-laying period of the Zhedong white goose usually starts from September and ends in April of the following year. During the summer months from May to August, with long daylight hours and high temperatures, the white geese rest and do not lay eggs. This study explored the effects of off-season breeding on egg production performance, serum biochemical indicators, and hormone secretion in Zhedong white goose. The experiment was divided into normal breeding and off-seasonal breeding. The results suggested that the peak laying period lasted 3 months, and egg production was 15.62% higher than that in the control group in the off-season breeding group. The off-season breeding group had a 4.13% higher egg fertilization rate in November (laying period) than the control group, and the hatching rate of hatched eggs and fertilized eggs in the peak laying period was 2.77% and 2.3% higher, respectively, than the control group. The experimental group showed significantly higher serum P, ALB (albumin), TG (triglyceride), and TC (total cholesterol) levels; serum AST (glutamic oxalacetic transaminase) activity; and CREA (creatinine) and BUN (blood urea nitrogen) levels than the control group at different time points. The serum LH (luteinizing hormone), FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone), P4 (progesterone), and E2 (estradiol) levels were significantly higher in the off-season breeding group than in the control group. The serum T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (Tetraiodothyronine) levels were significantly higher in the off-season breeding group than in the control group at different points in the breeding cycle. The control group showed a significantly higher gene expression of GnRH (gonadotropin releasing hormone) in the hypothalamus; GnRH, FSH, and LH in the pituitary; and GnRH in the ovary and significantly lower gene expression of VIP (vasoactine intestinal peptide) and PRL (prolactin) in the pituitary than the off-season breeding group. Thus, the off-season breeding of Zhedong white geese may prolong the peak laying period and improve egg production performance, thus enhancing the economic benefits of goose breeding.
The Need to Increase Strain-Specific DNA Information from the Invasive Cyanobacteria Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides and Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi
Authors: de Figueiredo Daniela R.
Published: February 2025

Climate change is promoting the occurrence of Harmful Cyanobacterial Blooms (HCBs) across freshwaters, posing serious risks for the ecosystems and human health. Under these warmer conditions, particularly blooms of invasive Aphanizomenon-like species such as Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides (previously known as Aphanizomenon issatschenkoi and Aphanizomenon/Anabaena aphanizomenoides, respectively) have been reported to spread to higher latitudes, leading to increased toxic risks. Aphanizomenon and Anabaena genera have undergone several taxonomical revisions in recent years due to their morphological ambiguity, also corroborated by a high phylogenetic diversity. Furthermore, there is also a high phenotypic and genotypic variability within each one of these species, leading to diverse physiological and ecological traits. Therefore, DNA-based information is crucial not only to overcome possible species misidentifications, but also to provide information at the strain level. However, for the invasive Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides, there is still a lack of geographically dispersed strains with available nucleotide sequences in databases, limiting deeper ecological studies to better understand their ecology and invasive trend. This review aimed to compile and discuss the geographical distribution of Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi and Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides strains found in the NCBI nucleotide database and make some recommendations on the need to increase these numbers under the exponential inputs from DNA-metabarcoding. The integration of DNA-based information in water quality monitoring programmes is crucial to identify reoccurring bloom-forming strains and better understand their physiology and invasive ecology, ultimately leading to their effective forecast, and mitigation of their potential massive growth in target freshwater bodies.
Alinhamento estratégico na Polícia Militar do Paraná: toda a estrutura organizacional marchando na direção da estratégica definida
Authors: Junior José Renato Mildemberger
Published: February 2025

O planejamento estratégico pressupõe necessidade de diversos desdobramento para ser implementado e materializado no dia a dia da Instituição. A Polícia Militar do Paraná tem se dedicado à melhoria da gestão estratégica e caminha a passos largos em direção ao alinhamento organizacional da atividade-fim, com o Comando Geral empenhado em mobilizar mudanças necessárias, traduzir a estratégia para as atividades operacionais, motivando o efetivo e buscando converter o planejado em processo contínuo. Para que toda a estrutura organizacional marche em direção da estratégia definida, é preciso sinergia e alinhamento estratégico da atividade-fim, o que pode ser alcançado por meio da sedimentação de reuniões de gestão do desempenho operacional, da implementação de planos de ação inter-relacionados de controle da criminalidade e da criação de um portfólio de operações, que permita ao Comando Geral uma visão sistêmica de todas as atividades operacionais desempenhadas pela Instituição.
Otimização adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso da depressão na atenção básica: estratégias eficazes e fatores influenciadores
Authors: Rigo Eloisa , Machado Heloize Schultz , Rozin Leandro
Published: February 2025

Em ambulatórios de atenção primária, a prevalência de sintomas depressivos acomete até 10% dos pacientes.  Apesar das terapias eficazes, a adesão ao tratamento antidepressivo  apresenta baixa adesão e alta taxa de abandono, contribuindo para a refratariedade ao tratamento, maior morbimortalidade e risco de suicídio. Objetivo: identificar estratégias e os fatores que influenciam na melhora da adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso da depressão na Atenção Básica. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura através da base de dados "PubMed" com os seguintes descritores: "(major depressive disorder) AND (medication adherence) AND (depression)".  Foram excluídos artigos que não tinham enfoque na adesão ao tratamento. Resultados e Discussão:  Esta revisão revela que a qualidade das informações apresentadas na primeira consulta pode influenciar na otimização da adesão. Os profissionais devem explicar que o tratamento exige acompanhamento a longo prazo e adesão, bem como retratar os efeitos colaterais. Deve-se incluir parceiros e família no plano terapêutico, o que pode  contribuir significativamente. Ademais, a abordagem interdisciplinar no cuidado demonstrou ser efetividade. A terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo (TCCG) é uma ferramenta eficaz que pode reduzir o senso de estigma dos pacientes, promove a adesão e alivia os sintomas.  Antecipa-se que pacientes com sintomas graves  possam se beneficiar mais dessas intervenções. Conclusão: A não adesão aos antidepressivos representa  um significativo desafio na prática clínica contemporânea, comprometendo  a eficácia dos tratamentos.   Esta revisão revela que melhorar a adesão pode ser alcançado com estratégias como boa comunicação, envolvimento de familiares e abordagem interdisciplinar. Implementar essas estratégias é crucial para melhorar os resultados.
Meningite bacteriana aguda: uma revisão da literatura
Authors: Cruz Jhonatas Emílio Ribeiro da , Lucena Leonardo Alvarenga , Resende Ranna Samara Fernandes de , Araújo Alan Francisco Pereira
Published: February 2025

Introdução: A meningite bacteriana aguda constitui sempre uma emergência médica e está associada a uma alta morbimortalidade. Mesmo quando a doença é diagnosticada precocemente e um tratamento adequado é iniciado, entre 5% e 10% dos pacientes não sobrevivem e acabam morrendo, normalmente, 48 horas após o surgimento dos primeiros sintomas. Sem tratamento, até 50% dos casos podem resultar em óbito; Objetivo: O objetivo desta revisão é fornecer um resumo da epidemiologia dinâmica da meningite bacteriana aguda, além disso, documentar informações sobre a fisiopatologia, fatores de risco, diagnóstico e formas de tratamento atualizadas desta emergência médica infecciosa; Metodologia: Uma busca sistemática da literatura foi realizada usando os bancos de dados eletrônicos de 2013 até dezembro de 2023, baseada na estratégia PICO. Considerou-se artigos completos e revistas nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol. Utilizou-se os operadores booleanos “and”, “or” ou/e “not” nas bases de acesso das plataformas PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar, EBSCO e Bireme; Resultados: Os resultados demonstraram que sua epidemiologia é variável e os principais agentes em adultos são Streptococus pneumoniae (72%) e Neisseria meningitidis (11%). As bactérias Escherichia coli e Streptococcus agalactiae causam cerca de 35% dos casos de meningite neonatal de início precoce. A meningite ocorre quando as bactérias escapam às respostas imunes circulantes e mucosas e invadem o cérebro, diretamente ou através da barreira hematoencefálica. Em adultos, os fatores de risco para meningite bacteriana incluem idade avançada e condições imunossupressoras. Para crianças os fatores de risco abrangem anemia falciforme, esplenectomia e defeitos congênitos de cabeça e face. Os sintomas mais comuns são a tríade clássica dor de cabeça (84%), febre (74%) e rigidez de nuca (74%), no entanto, essa tríade clínica tem baixa sensibilidade diagnóstica. Todas as diretrizes refletem a necessidade de punção lombar precoce. Deve-se suspeitar de meningite bacteriana se algum dos seguintes sintomas estiver presente na admissão: leucócitos séricos maiores que 10,0 × 109/L, proteína do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) maior que 2,2 g/L, glicose no LCR inferior a 34 mg/dL ou febre. O tratamento antibiótico deve ser instalado rapidamente para melhorar o prognóstico, enquanto a terapia coadjuvante com corticoides em adultos tem apenas benefícios na etiologia pneumocócica. Novos agentes promissores em ensaios clínicos incluem inibidores C5 e daptomicina; Conclusões: A meningite bacteriana é uma emergência neurológica. O diagnóstico precoce e o rápido início da terapia antimicrobiana empírica e adjuvante são vitais.
Globimetula braunii prevents hyperglycemia, oxidative damage, and hepatorenal dysfunction in dexamethasone-induced insulin-resistant rats
Authors: Miaffo David , Kolefer Kilenma , Dadaya Elizé , Maidadi Barthelemy , Mahamad Abba Talba , Kamanyi Albert
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Globimetula braunii is a parasitic plant used in Cameroon in traditional medicine to treat diabetes mellitus. The present work aimed to evaluate the protective effects of aqueous leaf extract of G. braunii (EGB) on rats rendered insulin-resistant by dexamethasone. Methods: To induce insulin resistance, male rats received a subcutaneous dexamethasone injection (1 mg/kg) daily for 10 days. One hour before the administration of dexamethasone, the animals received vehicle, metformin (40 mg/kg), or EGB (120, 240, and 480 mg/kg). Body weight, glycemia, insulinemia, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), markers of kidney and liver functions, and oxidative profile were assessed. Results: EGB (240 and 480 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease (P<0.001) in body weight on day 10, hyperglycemia, insulinemia, insulin resistance, and a notable increase (P<0.001) in the transaminases activities, as well as uric acid and creatinine levels. Additionally, EGB at all doses caused a significant increase (P<0.001) in reduced glutathione level and glutathione peroxidase activity in the liver and in superoxide dismutase and catalase activities in the kidneys of the rats. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly decreased in the kidneys of EGB-treated animals at doses of 240 and 480 mg/kg. EGB (240 and 480 mg/kg) also reversed kidney and liver damage caused by hyperglycemia. Conclusion: EGB has remarkable hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective properties and protects organs against damage caused by oxidative stress, thus validating the ethnopharmacological use of this plant in the management of diabetes mellitus and some of its comorbidities.
Comprehensive analysis of bioactive compounds in Hyssopus officinalis L. and evaluation of its antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-Alzheimer properties
Authors: Hamoud Nour-El-Houda , Maammeri Zineb
Published: February 2025

Introduction: The persistent global challenges of oxidative stress-related diseases, bacterial infections, and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease highlight the critical need for effective therapeutic solutions. Hyssopus officinalis has shown promise in traditional medicine for its antioxidant, antibacterial, and neuroprotective properties. This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-Alzheimer, and antibacterial capacities of ethyl acetate extracts from the leaves (EAL) and stems (EAS) of H. officinalis, as well as total phenolic and flavonoid content (TPC/TFC) and metabolite profiling. Methods: 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), and Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) techniques were used to assess the antioxidant activity. Ellman’s method was used to evaluate anti-cholinesterase capacity. The agar well diffusion method was employed to assess the antibacterial effects. Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum colorimetric techniques were used to investigate the TFC/TPC levels. The phytochemical compounds were recognized by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. Results: Twenty phytochemical compounds from different classes were identified. EAL exhibited high DPPH and ABTS scavenging activities comparable to butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), with a FRAP value surpassing α-tocopherol and close to ascorbic acid (P<0.05). All extracts demonstrated antibacterial activity comparable to gentamicin against gram-positive bacteria. EAS possessed a strong antibacterial effect at lower concentrations against Staphylococcus aureus and demonstrated a moderate inhibitory action against acetylcholinesterase (AChE), comparable to galantamine (P < 0.05). All extracts had high levels of TPC and TFC. Conclusion: Hyssopus officinalis contains a rich array of bioactive compounds with antioxidant, antibacterial activities, and anti-Alzheimer properties; however, these effects should be confirmed by clinical trials.
RETOS Y DESAFÍOS PERSPECTIVAS DE LA EDUCACIÓN Y LA EMPRESA
Authors:   Escuela Internacional de Negocios y Desarrollo Empresarial de Colombia
Published: February 2025

Retos y desafíos perspectivas de la educación y la empresa son los temas centrales del volumen 1 de la colección: investigación en educación, empresa y sociedad, inherentes a procesos investigativos y reflexivos. Algunos capítulos abordan reflexiones y experiencias en materia de formación, tanto en investigación como en otros campos y prácticas del saber y el conocimiento. Algunos más analizan tópicos relacionados con la investigación y los procesos de apropiación, generación y uso del conocimiento. Y otros más orbitan sobre experiencias y procesos didácticos y metodológicos con el recurso tecnológico y de otros dispositivos, para fortalecer los aprendizajes en dominios dados del saber.