bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Romano-British Disc-brooches derived from Hadrianic Coin-types
Authors: Goodchild R. G.
Published: January 2012

It is only rarely that Romano-British brooches can be dated with the precision possible in the case of coins, or even of decorated Samian ware; their chronology is, more often than not, based on stylistic arguments, and even where stratigraphic evidence of date is available, the possibility of “survival” is a serious impediment to the formation of definite conclusions.
A Bastion of the Town Wall of London, and the Sepulchral Monument of the Procurator Julius Classicianus
Authors: Cottrill F.
Published: January 2012

Excavations made in June 1935 for the foundations of a new sub-station of the London Passenger Transport Board at Trinity Place, Trinity Square, E.C., brought to light some remains of the Roman town wall of London. A large portion of the medieval superstructure is still standing on the east side of Trinity Place, and to the north of this the Inner Circle Railway runs in a cutting under the roadway. The construction of this cutting involved the removal of a length of 73 ft. of the wall in 1882 (R.C.H.M. Roman London, 83). The site of the discoveries to be described here was immediately behind the southern retaining wall of the cutting. Both faces of the Roman wall were exposed at this point, and could be examined in detail, and against the external face was a fragment of one of the later Roman bastions (pl. 1). These remains were investigated by the writer on behalf of this Society, and the Passenger Transport Board kindly granted all necessary facilities, and rendered every possible assistance.
The Great Seal of England: some notes and suggestions
Authors: Jenkinson Hilary
Published: January 2012

To commemorate Queen Victoria's Jubilee a work on the Great Seals of England by Alfred Benjamin Wyon, who died in 1884, was completed and published by his brother Allan in 1887; both had the special qualification that they held the Office of Seal-Engraver to Her Majesty as their father and grandfather had held it before them; and their work has remained the standard authority on the subject. It seems suitable in the present year to see how much the discoveries of nearly fifty years have added to it.
A ‘Dug-out’ Canoe from South Wales: with Notes on the Chronology, Typology, and Distribution of Monoxylous Craft in England and Wales
Authors: Fox Cyril
Published: January 2012

In September 1925, Mr. Thomas Jenkins, a carpenter of Llangorse, Breconshire, recovered a dug-out canoe of oak from Llangorse Lake. This lake is situated six miles to the east-ward of the county town. It is about 500 ft. above sea-level, in the valley and near the source of the stream known as Afon Llynfi, which flows northward (into the Wye) along the western escarpment of the Black Mountains. The lake is a mile in length and in greatest breadth, and is of glacial origin.
Notes on a Carved Wooden Knife-handle in the British Museum
Authors: Tonnochy A. B.
Published: January 2012

The knife-handle to be considered here is said to have been found fifty or sixty years ago at Brinkhill, Lincolnshire. It is 4·6 in. in length, pierced longitudinally, and carved on all sides with a representation in high relief of the Tree of Jesse.

Jesse is shown seated on a chair with upright back and the side ornamented with linen panelling, his right arm on the arm of the chair, his head resting on his hand. His left arm encloses the trunk of the tree, which issues from his breast, the branches extending scrollwise to receive the other figures, which are thirteen in number culminating in the crowned Virgin seated with the Child.
Lord Cromwell's Rebus in Tattershall Castle
Authors: Rushforth G. McN.
Published: January 2012

After the late Lord Curzon had bought Tattershall Castle as an empty shell, he had it roofed, the windows were glazed, and floors were inserted, so that the interior has regained something of its original use and appearance, and, in particular, it is now possible to examine in comfort the famous chimney-pieces which were rescued and replaced by Lord Curzon. As is well known, these are decorated with all the heraldry belonging to the builder of the castle, Ralph Lord Cromwell (1394–1456), including the badge of a purse to show that he was Lord Treasurer under Henry VI from 1433 to 1443. When I saw these for the first time in 1924 I noticed that on the chimney-piece of the ground-floor chamber the panels with the badge, alternating with those which contain the coats of arms, show the purse wreathed or framed by two branches or sprays of naturalistic foliage (pl. XXVI); and the same feature appears in the chimney-piece on the first floor; while on the third floor the same plant is associated with the purse in the spandrels of the fireplace arch. It is not represented on the fourth chimney-piece. The contrast between this natural leafage and the conventional carved foliage on the other parts of the chimney-pieces is very marked, and it is obviously intended to represent a real plant having a tall stem with narrow, pointed leaves. I felt sure that it must have a meaning, and this idea was confirmed when afterwards I went into the church, which was also built by Lord Cromwell, and saw, among the remains of the original painted glass, now collected in the east window, the Treasurer's purse again wreathed by similar sprays, treated rather more formally.
A Saxon Cemetery at Luton, Beds.
Authors: Austin William , Bagshawe Thomas W. , Parsons F.G.
Published: January 2012

It is well known that Luton in Bedfordshire is a mine of prehistoric and historic remains. Our late Fellows Major Cooper-Cooper, of Toddington Manor, and Sir John Evans recorded finds of prehistoric graves, pottery, palaeolithic and neolithic flint implements in Luton and the surrounding hamlets of Leagrave, Biscot, and Stopsley. The late Mr. Worthington G. Smith discovered at Round Green in Luton a palaeolithic workshop similar to the one he found at Caddington, and his account of the latter will be found in Man the Primeval Savage, that of Round Green in Archaeologia lxvii. Sir John Evans found in and around Luton many British and Roman coins, also specimens of Roman pottery. Mr. Worthington Smith found both British and Roman coins in considerable numbers at Limbury. Specimens of Roman and Roman British pottery have been found in all parts of Luton. I dug up a large Roman pot at Turner's Knoll, Luton, which Mr. Reginald Smith thinks was used for storing grain. It has been restored by Mr. Axtell, and measures 16 in. in height and 15 in. in diameter. I found many Roman tiles in a field at Luton called ‘Lower Thirty Acres’, and other Roman remains have been found in Waller Street and in various parts of the town.
Cross-head from Berrow Church, Somerset
Authors: Caröe W. D.
Published: January 2012

The little church of Berrow, which lies behind the sandhills on the Somerset coast of the Bristol Channel a few miles north of Burnham, has a nave, chancel, and south aisle only. Its walls were besmeared with a thick coat of modern plaster, on the removal of which a niche of considerable dimensions was found in the centre of the north wall (fig. 1). Its projecting ornaments had been stripped off and its cavity built up flush with the general wall line with brickwork on edge that could not have been much later than the Commonwealth. On the removal of these bricks a tabernacle cross-head was found behind them. It was in eleven fragments; one large main piece comprising all the figures, seven small ones, whose fractures fitted on exactly, and which I have put back into their proper positions, and three others belonging to the lost upper part, which cannot be replaced. All are in Ham Hill stone. In addition to these there were inserted in the niche many fragments of carved work in a different stone, some of which may have been parts of the niche itself or, more possibly, of a reredos, but there is no certainty. On visiting the church to examine and report on these fragments I naturally set on foot a search for the cross-base, and was soon rewarded. Some 30 ft. south of the porch was a fragment of an octagonal shaft, II in. in diameter, and projecting some 9 in. above the ground, which rises sharply at this point from the level of the porch entrance.
Sumerians, Semites, and the Origin of Copper-working
Authors: Frankfort H.
Published: January 2012

M. de Morgan's remarkable discovery of early civilizations in the possession of painted pottery and copper at Susa in 1897 has remained for about twenty years an isolated addition to our knowledge. But the explorations of the last years have suddenly revealed its real import. In the two civilizations which he found succeeding each other at Susa there seem to be represented large cultural provinces. Their ultimate importance lies furthermore in the fact that they have both contributed elements towards the great culture of the Plain of the Two Rivers, and it seems at present possible, without allowing hypotheses to play an illegitimate part in the argument, to define with some precision the respective elements and their relation to the three great historical problems for which the title of this paper stands.
Anniversary Address
Authors: The Earl of Crawford and Balcarres
Published: January 2012

In the famous Order in Council of 4 April 1627, it is laid down that the ‘study of antiquities is by good experience said to be very serviceable and useful to the general good of the State and Commonwealth’, and Charles I commands that Sir Edward Dering, for whose encouragement the Order was promulgated, should have ready access to ‘all or any records rolles registers or bookes within the several offices …’. Documentary record was looked upon as the normal style and medium of archaeology, and while such studies have in no way lost their value, they tend to be more and more illustrated by research into the actual facts and productions of bygone life. Research in the form of excavation is as old as the art of plundering tombs, and in some countries, Egypt for example, only a very meagre fraction of burials has escaped rifling hands. The research of the Renaissance, particularly in Italy, was not over scrupulous in its methods, but was at least passionately concerned in preserving its discoveries. While ancient Rome was being treated as a stone quarry during the second half of the fifteenth century, scholars began to dig with enthusiasm, and gradually exposed the great mass of mutilated sculpture which adorns Rome to-day. But the sole purpose of their search was to extract the object, if possible the big classical object, and Sabba del Castiglione complained that as he could not buy good antiques he was driven to buy sculpture by Donatello.
Early Magnifying Glasses
Authors: Beck H. C.
Published: January 2012

There is a popular idea that magnifying glasses are a relatively modern invention, and that consequently all antique die-sinking and gem-cutting must have been done by people with very short sight, which is equivalent to having a magnifier permanently attached to one's eyes. This idea is so prevalent that when ancient magnifying glasses are found, scholars go to the trouble of trying to find some other use to which they could be put, the favourite suggestion being that they must have been ornaments.
A Bronze Age Refuse Pit at Swanwick, Hants.
Authors: Fox Charles F.
Published: January 2012

The Bursledon Brick Company's works are situated on rising ground north-east of the Southern Railway's branch line from Southampton to Fareham, and some 600 yards east of the tidal river Hamble, as shown on the plan (fig. 1). The geological formation is London clay; the beds have been exposed here to a depth of 40 ft, the section showing 1½ ft. of humus on an upper stratum of brownish-red clay resting on a bed of grey clay. The country immediately around supports oak, hazel, and alder.
The Early Iron Age Site at Findon Park, Findon, Sussex
Authors: Fox Cyril , Wolseley Garnet R.
Published: January 2012

The generosity of an anonymous benefactor to the Research Fund of the Society enabled further work to be carried out in 1927 on the Findon Park Iron Age village site, which is situated just above the 500-ft. contour on a broad flat southward-sloping ridge one mile to the north of Cissbury. We wished to obtain information as to the range of date of the occupation, and the culture of the inhabitants, additional to that reported in Archaeologia, Ixxvi.
A Chambered Cairn at Allt-nam-Ban, Strathbrora, Sutherland
Authors: Simpson W. Douglas
Published: January 2012

In the Sutherlandshire Report of the Royal Commission on the Ancient and Historical Monuments of Scotland (no. 44), under the parish of Clyne, a short description is given of a chambered cairn on the left bank of the Allt-nam-Ban, a small burn which briskly flows into the eastern side of Loch Brora. The description is dated 25 August 1909, and shows very clearly that when Mr. Alexander O. Curie, then secretary of the Commission, surveyed the cairn on that day, it was already in a much dilapidated condition. I visited the cairn on 27 April 1928, and was shocked to find that the whole of its southern half had been carted away for road-metal, exposing the interior construction with all the distinctness of an orange cut in two. As additional information is thus available with regard to the structure of the cairn, and also because the whole monument will probably disappear within a very short time, I made a careful survey of the cairn, and have pleasure in submitting the following description, along with a plan and photographs.
The Priory of St. Leonard of Stanley, Gloucestershire: a continuation
Authors: Swynnerton C.
Published: January 2012

It is now seven years since my paper on this subject appeared in Archaeologia. I now have to add an account of certain discoveries which excavation and the stripping of modern plaster from the walls of the transepts have disclosed, together with some notes on the tower and the bells. I have already shown in Archaeologia that Roger de Berkeley, the second of that name and of the more ancient stock, had founded this priory for Austin canons in or about the year 1125, and how and why in 1146 his son and successor Roger had granted it to the Benedictine monks of Gloucester, so that from that date it ranked merely as a Benedictine cell.
Note on a Bas-relief found at Ur
Authors: Mackay E.
Published: January 2012

The very interesting limestone plaque from Ur, illustrated in pl. v of vol. viii of The Antiquaries Journal, deserves a little more attention than Mr. Woolley has had space to give to it. In design this chariot exactly resembles a number of pottery models that were found in the season 1923–4 at Kish and provisionally dated 3000 B.C. or a little earlier. I note that Mr. Woolley is of opinion that his plaque can be dated 3200 B.C.
Late Bronze Age Founder's Hoard, found at Wandsworth, Surrey
Authors: Rice R. Garraway
Published: January 2012

The late Bronze Age founder's hoard, which I have the honour of exhibiting, was found during excavations at the ‘Wandsworth Works’ of the Wandsworth, Wimbledon, and Epsom District Gas Company on IIth April 1923. The site is 150 yards south from the Thames, and was formerly known as ‘Church Walk’ and ‘Warple Road’, now both done away with. The soil had been considerably made up, and the hoard, which was in yellow sand, was about six feet from the present surface, but probably not more than about two feet from the original ground level. The weight of the hoard is about 9¾ lb. The objects, which were found together in a heap, are seventeen in number, and of these eight are lumps of founder's metal weighing together 6½ lb. From the dark red colour of the bronze it would seem that the percentage of tin is small, or it may be copper cake.
An account of the Mυρμηκολέων or Ant-lion
Authors: Druce G. C.
Published: January 2012

The interesting but detestable creature, the subject of these notes, does not seem hitherto to have inspired any enthusiasm in the antiquarian breast, for I have been unable to find any paper relating to it in the journals of archaeological societies. There is, however, a popular account in Princess Mary's Gift-book for 1914, consisting of a translation by the late Teixeira de Mattos of J. H. Fabre's story of the ant-lion and its habits, with a coloured plate, both of which accurately reproduce its pernicious activities.
The Excavations at Ur, 1923–1924
Authors: Woolley C. Leonard
Published: January 2012

I have already described (Antiquaries Journal, iv, 329–46) the work carried out at Tell el Obeid during the winter of 1923–4 by the Joint Expedition of the British Museum and the Museum of the University of Pennsylvania: here I shall deal with what was really the major operation of the season, the clearing of the Ziggurat at Ur itself. Upon this site from 120 to 200 workmen were employed continuously for four and a half months, first under the supervision of Messrs. Gadd and Fitz-Gerald, later under that of the whole staff. Khalil of Jerablus was native foreman at Ur while the Tell el Obeid excavations were in progress, and after they were shut down Hamoudi took over the head control of the entire gang; Yahia, Hamoudi's son, acted as clerk on the work and is responsible for a great deal of the photographic work. All the plans and drawings are by Mr. F. G. Newton.
Report on the Excavations at Stonehenge during the season of 1923
Authors: Hawley W.
Published: January 2012

In presenting my Fifth Report on the work carried out at Stonehenge in the season of last year, it will be well to make a short review of the work from 1919 onwards. The first two years were spent upon rectifying the positions of stones nos. 6 and 7 and of nos. 1, 2, and 30. During this work, the contents of the pits in which they stood were examined as well as the soil around them, and the features presented by the ancient working and fitting of the stones were noted. A little work undertaken in spare time led to the discovery of the Aubrey holes, and of a large hole in which the Slaughter Stone probably stood. In the third season about 40 yards of the main ditch were excavated on the south side, and an examination made of a spot which had been previously considered a barrow. In the fourth season another portion of the ditch on the north-east was opened, which led to the discovery of the causeway and entrance to Stonehenge through the earthwork, also of a great number of post-holes which appeared to be the remains of a palisade in the entrance. Another stone-hole near the Slaughter Stone was found, and dwelling-pits on both sides of the causeway.
Notes on some English Alabaster Carvings in Germany
Authors: Hildburgh W. L.
Published: January 2012

The following account of some unusual examples of English alabasters in German museums, together with short references to others in Germany, is intended to serve as a basis for a complete list of such carvings preserved in that country. The desirability of such a list is indicated by the importance, for the study of the history of the alabaster industry in England, of certain examples, seemingly of comparatively early dates, still (or until lately) in German churches, and by the number of products of that industry now in German museums. When Braun wrote, in 1910, he believed that Germany was poor in English alabasters, because her native art of wood-sculpture was in full flower during the period when they were made, so that she had no need to import relief-carvings. Furthermore, he thought that probably most of the examples at that time in Germany had been brought there by dealers in antiquities. The list given below, although only preliminary in character, suggests that his opinions in these respects were not well founded. It records various pieces, carved, presumably, at the period when English alabasters were being made for export, which are still in the districts or situations for which they might well have been ordered. There seems, therefore, no reason to think that any of the examples now in German museums are recent importations.
Prehistoric Gold in Wilts.
Authors: Cunnington M. E.
Published: January 2012

It has been suggested that the comparatively numerous finds of gold in Wiltshire barrows are due to their having been, more or less, on the direct route of the traffic in Irish gold and other objects. On Mere Down, north of Gillingham, a skeleton was found in a grave under a small barrow. With it was a beaker of type B, also a flat, tanged copper dagger, a piece of worked bone, and two gold discs of a well-known Irish type. The surviving disc is very thin, and has embossed upon it an irregular cruciform ornament enclosed within a circle, and a row of very small punch-marks round the edge (fig. 1).
An Heraldic Agreement of 1580
Authors: Clark-Maxwell
Published: January 2012

The document which forms the subject of this article is published by the kind permission of Capt. G. Wolryche-Whitmore, of Dudmaston Hall, near Bridgnorth, Shropshire, among whose family papers I came across it some years ago. It presents several peculiarities, and raises some questions which are perhaps easier to ask than to answer.
Excavations at Alchester, 1926
Authors: Hawkes Christopher
Published: January 2012

Alchester is a flat site of some 26 acres, 11 miles from Oxford and 1½ from Bicester, in the parish of Wendlebury, on gravel over clay. Remains of a bank and ditch enclose it, forming approximately a square, the axis of which runs nearly N. 40 W. At the south-east corner is a mound 4 ft. 9 in. high, and remains of another at the north-east.

From south to north through the site passes the Roman road which comes from Dorchester over Shotover Hill and across Otmoor: it goes on past Bicester north by east towards Watling Street near Towcester. On entering Alchester this road deviates some thirty yards east from its direct course (with which the ramparts are aligned), to rejoin which at its exit on the north it runs askew across the site N. 10° W.—an unexplained peculiarity.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Clapham A. W.
Published: January 2012

For the fourth time the Society's Anniversary Meeting takes place under the shadow of war, and once again our activities are confined and controlled by the imperious demands of our present case. Since our last Anniversary, however, the prospect has markedly lightened and we begin to see, although as in a glass, darkly, the term of our tribulation. Even in our darkest hour we have never ceased to anticipate a brighter future, though it became more and more apparent that our present was shadowed by perhaps the darkest menace that has ever threatened the human race. Now, however, that the binding of the Teutonic beast, and all who bear his mark, is more obviously in view, we may well be encouraged to look more confidently ahead and to make preparations to shoulder those responsibilities which will inevitably fall upon us in the future.
Excavations at Chalbury Camp, Dorset, 1939
Authors: Whitley Margaret
Published: January 2012

Excavations at Chalbury were begun in the summer of 1939, and a second season was planned for 1940. This was postponed owing to the outbreak of war, but the uncertainty which hangs over archaeology in the future makes immediate publication of an interim report desirable, although papers dealing with the skeletal material and kindred subjects must be postponed till after the close of hostilities. The work was a sequel to the excavation of Maiden Castle, and was undertaken as part of a scheme for making cuttings in selected Dorset hill-forts with a view to ascertaining their cultural relationships. Poundbury, Dorchester, was scheduled to be dug in the spring of 1939, and Chalbury, only three miles from Maiden Castle, was next upon the list.
Exeter Cathedral: A Conjectural Restoration of the Fourteenth-Century Altar-Screen, Part I
Authors: Morris Percy
Published: January 2012

The early years of the fourteenth century were memorable ones in the history of Exeter Cathedral, for work on the new presbytery, or novum opus as it is called in the Fabric Rolls, was in progress. When Bishop Bytton died, in 1307, building operations had reached an advanced stage, and the task of completing the work devolved upon his successor, Walter de Stapledon, a Devon man and at the time of his election precentor of the cathedral. At that date the presbytery vaulting was finished, with the exception of its colouring, and the windows were glazed. The transformed chancel of the Norman church was nearly ready to receive the stalls, but the Norman apse still separated the old and new parts of the building. In 1309–10 ‘John of Glastonbury’ was engaged in removing the stalls to the new quire, but we find no record of the date when the linking-up of the Norman building with the new work took place. The Fabric Roll of the following year records a visit of ‘Master William de Schoverwille’, master mason of Salisbury, to inspect the new work: from this we may infer that a stage had been reached when important decisions were pending—the furnishing of the chancel, the building of the altar-screen, and the addition of a triforium arcade and clerestory gallery to the newly built presbytery—and it may have been these undertakings which prompted the chapter to seek expert advice.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Clapham Alfred
Published: January 2012

The past year has witnessed a profound change in the fortunes and prospects of the national cause; growing hope has been exchanged for the certainty of victory and ‘how long?’ is the only question yet unanswered. To some of us who have passed an appreciable portion of our lives in the Victorian age, the shattering of the old security, the reversal of the old standards, and the casting of the old society into the melting-pot, may seem too catastrophic a series of changes to have been suitably experienced in one lifetime. Yet to those with a lively historic sense it must afford a certain bitter satisfaction, to have lived in and outlived the most momentous age in the history of mankind and to have been spectators of, or participators in, the grimmest drama of human history. It should furthermore be a stimulus to further effort that we may before long have an opportunity of assisting in the restoration of all that was best in the old life and in the creation of the new social order which will we hope, in time, soften or efface the memories of five purgatorial years.
A Late Medieval Sword from Ireland
Authors: Mann James G.
Published: January 2012

At a sale at Sotheby's on 24th February 1943 of miscellaneous antiquities belonging to Dr. Hugh A. Fawcett, the Christy Trustees purchased on behalf of the British Museum two objects described under lot 117 as ‘an interesting Viking spearhead’ and ‘a long sword with straight quillons and flattened spherical pommel ornamented with bronze, the long blade with parallel grooves running up into the ricasso, 37 in., possibly Viking or later; both from the River Bann, Northern Ireland’.

The spearhead is certainly Viking, but the qualifying words ‘or later’ were a wise proviso in the case of the sword, because a second glance shows that it is very much later in date (pls. XIII and XX, b). In fact it is as near to our own day in point of time as it is to the Vikings. That it happens to belong to an extremely rare and interesting class that has hitherto received little recognition is my excuse for the length of this notice.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Fox Cyril
Published: January 2012

I have not found it easy, in the annual chronicles which I have already had the honour to recount, to decide which activity, which occasion, should have pride of place. In preparing this third anniversary address I had no doubts; the increased comfort provided for Fellows (until heating of any sort was denied us) is my opening theme. I extol not only the improved lighting but more particularly the circulating warmth in the library during the past severe winter. The effect on Man of radiant heat in a library may, I hope, be likened to that of sherris sack in a tavern, concerning which you will recall the immortal prognosis: ‘it ascends even into the brain, making it apprehensive, quick, forgetive, full of nimble, fiery, and delectable shapes’.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Fox Cyril
Published: January 2012

This Anniversary Address affords me the privilege of expressing the Society's congratulations to two of our Officers who have received Honours during the past year. Congratulations, first of all, to Miss M. V. Taylor, Vice-President, whose C.B.E. is specifically awarded for services to archaeology. Her long, distinguished, and selfless labours for Romano-British archaeology have made her a national figure, and the Haverfield Library at the Ashmolean Museum a clearing-house of knowledge. Congratulations to Sir James Mann, our Director, whose knighthood implies recognition of outstanding services to scholarship in Medieval and Renaissance craftsmanship and art; also of his services as Keeper of the Wallace Collection and as Master of the Tower Armouries—which have been so ably reorganized by him since the war.
A Bronze Cauldron from Sompting, Sussex
Authors: Curwen E. Cecil
Published: January 2012

During the autumn of 1946 a hoard of bronzes was discovered during excavation for foundations in the bottom of a down-land valley in the parish of Sompting, near Worthing. The site is a point approximately 300 ft. north-east of Hill Barn and 1,500 ft. south-west of the south-west edge of Lancing Ring, and is on property belonging to Hill Barn Nurseries. The bronzes were unearthed by a mechanical excavator at a depth of about 5 ft. in a valley-bottom accumulation of brown clayey mould. How much of this material is natural hill-wash and how much the result of cultivation of the valley in ancient and modern times it would be difficult to say. The depth at which the bronzes were found suggests that some of the soil may have been ploughed down into the valley bottom at a later period.
A Dark Ages Settlement at Trebarveth, St. Keverne, Cornwall
Authors: Serocold O. Pearce , Maynard Guy , Patchett Florence M.
Published: January 2012

The following notes relate to one of a number of ancient occupation and other sites examined by the writers between 1925 and 1939, in the district between St. Keverne and Coverack in the Lizard peninsula, and of which a record will appear in due course in the Journal of the Royal Institute of Cornwall. Meanwhile as the pottery found on the site in question may be of importance in helping to date Dark Ages ceramics discovered elsewhere, it has been thought advisable to publish the present account in the Antiquaries Journal.
The Occupation of Sandown Park, Esher, during the Stone Age, the Early Iron Age, and the Anglo-Saxon Period
Authors: Burchell J. P. T. , Frere Sheppard
Published: January 2012

The advent of the recent war put a complete stop to those archaeological investigations which were either in hand or for which plans had already been made.

Nevertheless, it is true to say that, as a direct result of the war, many archaeological sites were discovered and excavated which otherwise would have remained unnoticed or undug. A good example of such a case is afforded in the present instance.

Peace-time racegoers are well familiar with the large tree-clad hill which dominates the course at Sandown Park, Esher, and is known as the Warren. This hill is flat-topped and rises steeply more than 100 ft. above the river Mole, having its highest point at 165 ft. above O.D. (fig. I).

The core of the hill is composed of Bagshot Sand and, as a consequence, erosion has had a free hand in the past whenever the cloak of vegetation has been absent. The topmost portion of the hill still retains a thin veneer of Plateau Gravel amounting, in places, to 2 ft. 6 in. in thickness.

The timber and undergrowth which to-day cover the whole of the hill and the entire absence of any surface indications made the area seem a most unprofitable site to dig into.
Some Details and Mouldings used by Yevele
Authors: Harvey John H.
Published: January 2012

The standard corpus of English Romanesque and Gothic mouldings is that of Edmund Sharpe: The Mouldings of the Six Periods of British Architecture from the Conquest to the Reformation, 1871. This work was never completed, and is particularly defective for the period after 1350, also unrepresented in Sharpe's Architectural Parallels, 1848. F. A. Paley's Manual of Gothic Mouldings contains profiles on small and diverse scales, and the sources of many examples are not given; of greater general use is the appendix of mouldings in Francis Bond, Gothic Architecture in England, 1906, but no dates are indicated, and many of the specimens are chosen from buildings of very uncertain date. So far as I am aware, no collection has yet been prepared to illustrate the mouldings used by one master mason or by one school. What follows is an attempt to relate a number of details and mouldings to a particular master and to closely approximate dates. In the hope that similar collections will be formed from the work of other schools, I mention the few rules to which I have adhered:

1. To include as primary evidence details attributable on documentary grounds to a specific master mason.

2. To include for comparison similar details which

(a) can be connected with the master on definite but inconclusive evidence;

(b) are known to be of comparable date;

(c) have peculiarities suggesting a closely cognate origin.

3. To draw all mouldings to a uniform scale of not less than one-eighth full size (1½ in. to 1 ft.).

4. To give the source, date, and master (where known) of each example on the drawing itself.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Fox Cyril
Published: January 2012

It is, at such a time as this, a matter for pride that the Society of Antiquaries, since it is named ‘of London’, is directly associated with the City which has suffered, and steadfastly withstood, the utmost that the malice and skill of our enemy could contrive against it during five and a half years. It is likewise a matter for pride that the Society's arms bear the Cross of the patron Saint of England so that, with complete propriety, and in accordance with our charter, we hold our Anniversary Meeting on St. George's Day. In this annus mirabilis, this year of Victory, we feel profound thankfulness for deliverance from the peril of national death which would have been our fate in defeat, and profound appreciation of the wisdom, steadfastness, and courage with which, under our Prime Minister, our national affairs have been carried on in Cabinet, in Parliament, and in battle by air, sea, and land.
A Medieval Harness-Mount at Termoli
Authors: Perkins J. B. Ward
Published: January 2012

Termoli is a small city of the Molise, on the Adriatic coast of Italy just above the junction of the ‘spur’ of Gargano with the main coastline. Like the whole of the lower Molise, it had in the middle ages a troubled history, always in dispute between the duchies of Benevento and Spoleto and the successive masters of Apulia, and on at least two occasions the victim of disastrous sack, at the hands of the Venetians in combat with Frederic II and in 1566 at the hands of the Turkish fleet under Ali Pasha. In 1943 it re-emerged characteristically into history as the scene of a successful flank-landing by the Eighth Army. Its most notable monuments are the remains of the castle built by Frederic II and the cathedral church of S. Basso, built under the same monarch and the most northerly outlier of the northern branch of the great Apulian school of Romanesque architecture. The façade, with its elaborate scheme of recessed arcading, derives directly from that of the Collegiata at Foggia, with which it shares the unusual characteristic of the use of a pronounced horseshoe arch. Within have recently been exposed the remains of the pre-Romanesque church and fragments of a mosaic pavement in the style of those at Otranto and Trani.
Belgic Bronzes and Pottery found at Felmersham-on-Ouse, Bedfordshire
Authors: Watson W.
Published: January 2012

The find of pottery and bronzes described in this paper was made in Catuvellaunian territory (fig. 1), on the north bank of the Ouse near Felmersham Bridge, in Shanbrook parish, Bedfordshire. At this place the river makes a gentle bend southwards towards the village of Felmersham. Following the Belgic predilection for riverine settlement, the site to which the find belongs was established on well-developed flood-plain gravels situated on the inner margin of this curve. Here in January 1942, from the gravel-digging exploited by Mr. A. E. C. Howard of Bedford, the excavating machine simultaneously disgorged the following objects:

A bronze bucket-handle and two bronze bucket-escutcheons in the shape of cow-heads (fig. 2).

A bronze spout in the shape of a fish-head (fig. 3).

A damaged bronze bowl (no. 1) with one of the two original attachments for holding swinging ring-handles (pl. VII, a, b).

Fragments of another bowl (no. 2), including parts of the rim and shoulder (pl. VII, c).

A flat plate of thin bronze, in shape the segment of a circle, with traces of solder on both sides (pl. VI, b).

Three pieces of curved bronze rim-mounting of U-section (pl. VI, a).

Three pieces of flat bronze ribbon and an irregular piece of bronze plate of the same thinness (pl. VI, a).

Some thirty potsherds, the lower jaw of a young pig, part of the tibia of another young animal, probably a horse, and some pieces of burnt clay (fig. 11 ).
Anniversary Address
Authors: Clapham A. W.
Published: January 2012

It is almost exactly twenty-five years ago that Sir Arthur Evans, then President of the Society, read his annual address at the first anniversary-meeting after the outbreak of the last war. On that occasion he had to deplore the extensive destruction of churches and houses, of libraries and works of art, which had marked the advance of the German armies through Belgium into northern France. Sir Arthur then cited the pronouncement of the Prussian General Disfurth in which he set forth the German Army's view of such matters: ‘Even though all the monuments, all the works of art, all the masterpieces of architecture which happen to come between our guns and those of the enemy are blown to the devil it will be nothing to us.’ We can, I think, be assured that the same views are current in the same quarters to-day and, when and if the opportunity arrives, a destruction, enforced by a deeper malice and a wider capacity, will be loosed upon the monuments of our history and our culture.
A Panel of Celtic Ornament from Elmswell, East Yorkshire
Authors: Corder Philip , Hawkes C. F. C.
Published: January 2012

The work of art here to be published was found in the excavations of 1938 at Elmswell, about two miles west of Driffield in the East Riding of Yorkshire (6-in. O.S. Yorks. E.R. CLXISE.). These excavations, following on those carried out by our Fellow Mr. A. L. Congreve from 1935 to 1937; have shown the site to be that of a native settlement of the Parisi, occupied—probably continuously—at least from Flavian times until the end of the Roman period, and again in pagan Saxon times. Of the pre-Roman Iron Age nothing has yet come to light beyond two British coins, one of the Iceni (c. A.D. 25) and one possibly of Cunobelin, but the site is separated by little more than the line of the Driffield—Malton railway from the Eastburn area where, in building operations in 1938, as many as seventy-five Iron Age graves were discovered even in the relatively small plots of ground excavated. These contained the remains of flexed inhumation-burials, each originally covered by a small barrow, exactly as in the well-known Danes' Graves and Arras cemeteries; and the date within the three centuries directly preceding the Roman Conquest was confirmed by several finds of grave-goods, notably an iron sword of La Tène type, bronze ornaments, an ‘involuted’ brooch, and several vessels of pottery. Further, in another part of the same site, Parisian pottery of Roman age was found, the earliest of which agrees exactly with the earliest from Elmswell. There can in fact be little doubt that this whole area was an important centre of settlement in the east Yorkshire equivalent of La Tène times, where ‘the Iron Age B’ culture of the Parisi passed directly into the romanization that was introduced at the Flavian conquest of the early seventies A.D.
A Tournament Helm in Melbury Sampford Church
Authors: Mann James G.
Published: January 2012

It is to the ancient practice of suspending the funeral insignia of the deceased over his tomb that we owe the survival of our few existing English helms. Foreign visitors to our country churches often express their surprise at finding these relics still in situ. The practice also obtained on the Continent, but surviving instances there are very much rarer than here. Despite our innate conservatism, many church helmets must have disappeared through decay, indifference, and, latterly, the avarice of collectors. That they are not yet safe from spoliation was shown by a case which came before the Courts last year.
Anniversary Address
Authors: Kenyon Frederic
Published: January 2012

Twice during the past year it has been the privilege and duty of the Society to present an address to its Sovereign—once to congratulate His late Majesty, King George V, on the celebration of the Silver Jubilee of His accession, and once to express our deep sorrow at His death and our loyal prayers for the prosperity of His successor, His present Majesty King Edward VIII. I am glad now to be able to announce to you that King Edward has been graciously pleased to continue to the Society the royal patronage which it has enjoyed from His predecessors since its foundation.
Four Heraldic Pendants and Three Roundels
Authors: Hemp W. J.
Published: January 2012

None of the seven objects seems to have been illustrated before. No. 1 is the earliest, and probably dates from the thirteenth century. It was found at Barnwood, on the outskirts of Gloucester, a site which has produced many prehistoric, Roman, and medieval objects. The material is latten or bronze. The plate is rectangular and bears a raised heater-shaped shield; the surface is covered with a series of minute evenly spaced bosses, presumably to hold the composition, much of which remains. Each of the bottom angles is filled with a fleur-de-lis springing from the shield, and in each of the top angles is a pair of cusps.
Excavations at Caerau Ancient Village, Clynnog, Caernarvonshire, 1933 and 1934
Authors: St. J. O'Neil B. H.
Published: January 2012

Mynydd Craig-goch, the westernmost height of a rocky ridge of the Snowdon mountains, slopes gently down to a watershed at the head of the Afon Dwyfach, over which run the railway and the main road from Criccieth and Portmadoc to Caernarvon. Between the ninth and tenth milestones from Caernarvon, immediately to the east of the road and thus on the lowest part of the mountain slope, there lie the remains of a most extensive primitive agricultural settlement. It is not marked on the Ordnance Survey map (6 in. 26 NE.), but was known locally, and the farm within which most of it lies bears the significant name Caerau. Its recognition as a site of great possibilities on account of its excellent state of preservation is due to Mr. W. J. Hemp, F.S.A. The settlement must originally have extended north and south for a distance of about half a mile. It may, indeed, have been contiguous with other settlements on the north and north-west, thus forming part of a large area of cultivated land, since there exists in excellent preservation a house or hut-group of the same type with at least one typical field about one mile to the west on the farm of Cefn Graianog. This point, however, cannot now be determined on account of more recent agricultural developments around the farm of Bodychain.
An Illuminated Charter of Free Warren, dated 1291
Authors: Clay Charles
Published: January 2012

The charter which is illustrated in pl. xviii is a grant by King Edward I to Roger de Pilkington and his heirs of free warren in their demesne lands of Pilkington and elsewhere in the county of Lancaster. The grantee was the son of Alexander de Pilkington, whom he succeeded at some date after 1282. He was a knight of the shire for Lancashire in 1316; and an adherent of Thomas earl of Lancaster, being imprisoned after the battle of Boroughbridge, and dying shortly afterwards. In Feb. 1289–90 he was granted for his services in Gascony 100 li from the first wardships which fell in on the south side of Trent; and in June 1291 he was granted the present charter. In the following year he was summoned to Lancaster to show to the justices itinerant by what warrant he claimed free warren in Pilkington and elsewhere, and he successfully exhibited to them the actual charter which is the subject of this note.
A Sword and a Helm in Westminster Abbey
Authors: Mann J. G.
Published: January 2012

On 28th November 1929 our Fellow Mr. Lawrence E.Tanner exhibited before the Society a sword, now preserved in the museum in the Undercroft of Westminster Abbey, which through his good offices had recently been cleaned and put in order (pls. lvii and lviii, I ). At the same time he offered with all due caution the suggestion that this might be the sword used at the funeral of Henry V which is mentioned in the Sacrist's Account Roll for 1422–3 as having been delivered to the keeper of the vestry together with ‘the whole armour of a man’.
The Megalithic Monuments of Southern Finistère
Authors: Forde C. Daryll
Published: January 2012

The country west and south of Quimper in the department of Finistère contains a notable concentration of megalithic monuments. They are of various types and some are quite distinct from the better-known monuments of the region round the Gulf of Morbihan in Southern Brittany. The map (pl. I) shows the distribution of the monuments. It is based largely on a survey of the area undertaken in the summer of 1924. I wish to express my thanks to M. Georges Monot of Pont-l'Abbé for his invaluable assistance and guidance in a country in which good roads are few, and the monuments very difficult to locate. The bulk of the work of excavation, in this area, was undertaken by the late P. du Chatellier towards the end of the last century. Many of the monuments were ravaged before he began operations, and even those found more or less intact were rarely preserved after excavation, so that to-day a large proportion are in a very ruined condition. The reports of excavations are to be found in various Breton periodicals and in the French archaeological journals, especially in the volumes of Matériaux pour l'histoire de l'homme. Du Chatellier also gives a summarized account of his work in Les Époques préhistoriques et gauloises dans le Finistère, second edition, Rennes 1907, which covers the whole of the department. The appendix at the end of this paper, which gives a summarized inventory of the monuments of the region, cites references where possible to the reports of excavations.
Bronze Age find in Cheshire
Authors: Jackson J. Wilfrid
Published: January 2012

The geology of Piltdown.—A memoir on the geology of the country near Lewes has just been issued by H.M. Stationery Office, price 2s. 6d., with coloured drift-map separate, price 2s. It has been written for the Geological Survey by Mr. H. J. Osborne White, and contains a sectional diagram of the deposits at Barkham near Piltdown, showing the position of the skull; also a diagram by Mr. F. H. Edmonds showing the slope of the river Ouse and that of the Piltdown terrace about 70 ft. above it. The remains of Eoanthropus are held to be contemporary with the formation of the Barkham gravel in the early Pleistocene; and ‘at present the balance of opinion favours Sir Arthur Smith Woodward's interpretation’ of the individual as belonging to a distinct genus of the Hominidae. Piddinghoe and Rodwell are the only other sites in the area that have yielded palaeolithic implements. The incapacity to spell Cervus elaphus correctly seems to be shared by the official printers (p. 66).
Work of Reconstitution in the Palace of Knossos
Authors: Evans Arthur
Published: January 2012

Although in the work of conservation and reconstitution of upper stories new lines have been recently struck out at Pompeii, at Ostia, and elsewhere, it may be fairly said that they have followed the example already set on the site of Knossos, where the work has now proceeded with successively improving methods for twenty-six years.