bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH EDUKASI KESEHATAN IBU HAMIL TERHADAP GEJALA ANEMIA
Authors: Dari Wulan , Widyaningsih Dian Palupi , Cahyani Anita Dian , Utami Ita Resti , T Marlina , Nurhalimah Nurhalimah , Nurlina Nurlina
Published: October 2024

Ibu hamil, sebagai kelompok yang rentan terhadap berbagai isu kesehatan, seringkali menghadapi tantangan, termasuk masalah umum seperti anemia. Anemia pada ibu hamil merupakan masalah kesehatan yang signifikan dengan dampak potensial terhadap kesejahteraan ibu dan janin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh edukasi kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai gejala anemia. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain pra eksperimental dengan pendekatan One group pra posttest  design. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang dirancang untuk menilai pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang anemia dan gejala yang terkait. Setelahnya, dilakukan sesi penyuluhan sebagai bentuk edukasi kesehatan. Analisis menggunakan uji N-gain ternormalisasi. Temuan penelitian ini menggambarkan bahwa penerapan uji N-gain ternormalisasi pada kuesioner pretest dan posttest  memberikan gambaran yang komprehensif mengenai peningkatan pengetahuan ibu hamil terhadap gejala anemia setelah menerima sesi penyuluhan.
KORELASI MASSA OTOT DAN MASSA LEMAK TOTAL DENGAN RESPON BARORESEPTOR : STUDI CROSS SECTIONAL PADA KOMUNITAS SENAM WANITA
Authors: Nasrullah Bintang Tatius
Published: October 2024

Rendahnya tingkat aktivitas fisik dapat meningkatkan risiko terjadinya penyakit kardiovaskular. Kontrol sistem kardiovaskular diperankan oleh respon baroreseptor. Respon baroreseptor dapat diukur menggunakan metode schellong test, dengan mengevaluasi selisih tekanan darah dan denyut nadi pada posisi berbaring dan berdiri. Selain itu, respon baroreseptor dipengaruhi oleh komposisi tubuh dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT). Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui korelasi komposisi tubuh dan indeks massa tubuh dengan respon baroreseptor. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain kuantitatif observasional dengan rancangan cross sectional. Sampel dalam penelitian adalah peserta senam Klinik Pratama Unimus dan Yayasan Baitul Nur Muqorrobin Demak yang berjenis kelamin wanita. Teknik pengambilan sampel dengan purposive sampling yang menggunakan data primer. Data yang diambil antara lain, komposisi tubuh diukur dengan BIA, IMT dengan microtoise dan timbangan digital, dan respon baroreseptor menggunakan schellong test yang diukur dengan sphygmomanometer digital. Analisis data untuk uji hipotesis menggunakan rank spearman. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi antara massa otot dengan respon baroreseptor terhadap selisih denyut nadi (p=0,004) dan (r=-0,401), massa lemak total dengan respon baroreseptor terhadap selisih sistolik (p=0,038) dan (r=-0,298), massa lemak total dengan respon baroreseptor terhadap selisih denyut nadi (p=0,004) dan (r=0,403), dan lemak subkutan dengan respon baroreseptor terhadap selisih denyut nadi (p=0,009) dan (r=0,367). Respon baroreseptor secara signifikan berkorelasi dengan massa otot, massa lemak total, dan lemak subkutan.
Potensi Tanaman Obat Untuk Mengatasi Tuberkulosis Resisten Obat: Kajian Literatur
Authors: Prayogi Norbertus Marcell , Hafizh Ahmad Fauzan , Widjaja Jovan , Sari Ratna Dewi Puspita , Utama Winda Trijayanthi , Daulay Suryani Agustina
Published: October 2024

Tuberkulosis (TB) adalah penyakit infeksi kronis yang disebabkan oleh kompleks Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Indonesia berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap beban TB global, dengan Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO) memperkirakan terdapat 969.000 kasus TB di negara ini. Pengobatan utama untuk TB adalah menggunakan beberapa antibiotik yang dikenal sebagai obat anti-tuberkulosis (OAT). Namun, penggunaan antibiotik dalam pengobatan meningkatkan risiko resistensi antibiotik. Resistensi terhadap antibiotik merupakan masalah yang dihadapi dunia dalam pengobatan infeksi bakteri, termasuk TB. Penggunaan ekstrak tanaman sebagai terapi alternatif untuk TB telah menjadi fokus penelitian. Tanaman obat tradisional telah digunakan untuk berbagai penyakit di banyak budaya di seluruh dunia. Tanaman-tanaman ini mengandung senyawa aktif yang memiliki potensi untuk melawan bakteri dan memiliki sifat-sifat yang mendukung penyembuhan serta meminimalkan efek samping. Tinjauan literatur ini bertujuan untuk merangkum berbagai penelitian ekstrak tanaman dari seluruh dunia untuk memahami potensi ekstrak tanaman sebagai terapi alternatif untuk TB, khususnya TB yang resisten terhadap obat. Studi ini menggunakan pencarian komprehensif dari tiga basis data (Pubmed, Google Scholar, dan Science Direct) dari tahun 2018 hingga 2023. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa berbagai ekstrak tanaman telah ditemukan memiliki aktivitas antimikroba terhadap M. tuberculosis, termasuk Lophira lanceolata, Zanthoxylum Leprieurii, Echinops Amplexicaulis, Acacia hockii, Albizia coriaria, Combretum molle, Warburgia ugandensis, dan Aphloia theiformis. Nilai Konsentrasi Minimum Inhibitor (MIC) dari ekstrak ini berkisar dari 0,0488 hingga 1.500 mg/mL.
INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL GENERATIVA:
Authors: Boehl Walter Reyes
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo examina o emprego da Inteligência Artificial Generativa (IAG) na produção de conhecimento acadêmico, com ênfase em um estudo etnográfico no campo da Educação Física realizado no contexto do futebol no estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A pesquisa evidencia tanto as potencialidades quanto as limitações inerentes à IAG, com especial atenção ao ChatGPT, na elaboração de textos científicos-acadêmicos. A integração da IAG acena para promessas de agilidade e precisão, todavia, suscita questionamentos acerca da profundidade analítica e da validade epistemológica das interpretações geradas. Além disso, a utilização da IAG instiga debates éticos de grande envergadura, particularmente no que tange à autoria e à originalidade dos textos produzidos. A experiência vivida vem evidenciando que, embora a tecnologia possa servir como complemento à produção humana, persistem provocações expressivas, tais como a superficialidade na interpretação dos dados e a perda de nuances contextuais. Compreende-se que a IAG possui o potencial de enriquecer a pesquisa científica, todavia deve ser utilizada com cautela para assegurar que seus benefícios sejam plenamente realizados sem prejudicar a credibilidade acadêmica.
Effects of Switching Dose, Dose Variation, and Warfarin Interaction on the Incidence of Stroke Recurrence in Stroke Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Fauzi Lailla Affianti , Kristin Erna , Pinzon Rizaldy Taslim , Kushartanti Bernadeta Margareta Wara , Arovah Novita Intan
Published: October 2024

Atrial fibrillation (AF) significantly increases the risk of stroke, necessitating anticoagulation therapy. Warfarin, a commonly prescribed anticoagulant regimen, requires careful monitoring to ensure patient safety. This study aimed to assess the impact of dose switching, dose variation, and potential interactions with warfarin on the incidence of stroke recurrence in stroke patients with AF. The study retrospectively analyzed the treatment records of stroke patients with AF in outpatient settings over one year. The subjects comprised 314 patients who received warfarin prescriptions at two Indonesian Hospitals from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2019. Out of these patients, 50 had recorded data regarding dose adjustments, variations, and interactions. They were divided into two groups: a case group (n=11) with stroke recurrence and a control group (n=39) without recurrence. Statistical analysis, including chi-square tests and odds ratio calculations, revealed that both warfarin dose switching (OR=7.6) and dose variation (OR=6.6) significantly influenced the incidence of stroke recurrence. It implies that inconsistencies or alterations in warfarin dosing substantially elevate the likelihood of experiencing another stroke, potentially due to inadequate anticoagulation leading to clot formation. Interestingly, the analysis of drug interactions did not significantly impact stroke recurrence. In summary, the recurrence of stroke in patients with AF is notably influenced by warfarin dose adjustments and variations rather than drug interactions. This study highlights the critical importance of precise dosing strategies and vigilant monitoring to enhance the efficacy of anticoagulant therapy in this high-risk population.
Hubungan Tingkat Pendidikan Orang Tua Dengan Motivasi Belajar Peserta Didik Kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri Pulang Pisau 5
Authors: Hasanah Lulu’ul
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan tingkat pendidikan orang tua dengan motivasi belajar peserta didik kelas V di Sekolah Dasar Negeri Pulang Pisau 5. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian korelasional dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V Sekolah Dasar Negeri Pulang Pisau 5 Kecamatan Kahayan Hilir Kabupaten Pulang Pisau yang berjumlah 40 orang peserta didik. Sampel penelitian ini merupakan seluruh anggota populasi, sehingga penelitian ini disebut dengan penelitian populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan tingkat pendidikan orang tua dengan motivasi belajar peserta didik (rhitung < rtabel atau 0,197 < 0,3120); (2) tingkat pendidikan orang tua memberikan kontribusi sebesar 3,88% terhadap motivasi belajar peserta didik sedangkan sisanya sebesar 96,12% dipengaruhi oleh variabel-variabel lain.
Teachers’ Quality and Students’ Academic Performance in Osun State Public Senior Secondary Schools, Nigeria
Authors: Shittu Afeez Adeshina
Published: October 2024

Effective and efficient quality of teachers improves the level of students’ academic performance. This study investigated teachers’ quality and students’ academic performance in Osun State Public Senior Secondary Schools, Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to establish the relationship between teachers’ academic qualifications; teachers’ years of teaching experience; teachers’ professional qualifications and teachers’ exposure to in-service training and students’ academic performance in Osun State Public Senior Secondary Schools.  The study adopted a descriptive survey of correlational type. Three hundred respondents were used for the study. Teachers’ Quality Questionnaire” (TQQ) and Students’ Academic Performance Proforma (SAPP) were used for data collection.   Five research questions were raised and answered to guide the study's conduct using descriptive statistics of frequency and percentages. Five research hypotheses were formulated and tested using inferential Pearson Product-Moment correlation statistics at 0.05 significance level.  Findings showed that teachers’ quality has a positive and significant relationship with students’ academic performance in Osun State Public Secondary Schools, Nigeria. Based on the findings, it was recommended among others that; school management should ensure that teachers yet to register as professionals should be encouraged to do so. This will enable teachers to register with the Teacher Registration Council of Nigeria (TRCN) and be identified as qualified teachers also endeavours to motivate teachers to attend educational conferences to improve their teaching skills to be effective and efficient.
Performance Evaluation on E-Commerce Recommender System based on KNN, SVD, CoClustering and Ensemble Approaches
Authors: Kong Wan-Er , Tai Tong-Ern , Naveen Palanichamy , Santoso Heru Agus
Published: October 2024

E-commerce recommender systems (RS) nowadays are essential for promoting products. These systems are expected to offer personalized recommendations for users based on the user preference. This can be achieved by employing cutting-edge technology such as artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML). Tailored recommendations for users can boost user experience in using the application and hence increase income as well as the reputation of a company. The purpose of this study is to investigate popular ML methods for e-commerce recommendation and study the potential of ensemble methods to combine the strengths of individual approaches. These recommendations are derived from a multitude of factors, including users' prior purchases, browsing history, demographic information, and others. To forecast the interests and preferences of users, several techniques are chosen to be investigated in this study, which include Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), k-Nearest Neighbor Baseline (KNN Baseline) and CoClustering. In addition, several evaluation metrics including the fraction of concordant pairs (FCP), mean absolute error (MAE), root mean square error (RMSE) and normalized discounted cumulative gain (NDCG) will be used to assess how well different techniques work. To provide a better understanding, the outcomes produced in this study will be incorporated into a graphical user interface (GUI).
Development of Robot Feature for Stunting Analysis Using Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) Algorithm
Authors: Abdurrahman Muhammad Rahadian , Al-Aziz Halim , Zayn Farras Adhani , Purnomo Muhammad Agus , Santoso Heru Agus
Published: October 2024

Stunting prevalence in Indonesia persists as a significant challenge necessitating concerted efforts from all stakeholders. We developed robot for stunting analysis using deep learning algorithm. It aligns with the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) agenda, specifically targeting SDG 3, which focuses on ensuring good health and well-being for all. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a type of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) designed to overcome the vanishing gradient problem in traditional RNNs. In general, either LSTM can be used in analysis. This study aims to classify stunting based on age and height using LSTM. The LSTM model was trained with 50 epochs using datasets collected from the health office and robots. The evaluation results show training accuracy of 96.65% and training validation of 96.61%, with precision, recall and f1-score varying with relevance to the f1-score and support value. This research illustrates the potential for using data classification methods in stunting diagnosis. However, it is necessary to adjust parameters and increase the amount of training data to improve model performance. With good convergence at epoch 50, these results show the model's ability to classify stunting based on age and height. However, further validation and testing on larger datasets is needed to thoroughly test the reliability and generalization of the model. This research can contribute to the development of deep learning regarding robots as a means of testing stunting. This research provides initial evidence of the potential of stunting classification methods using robots. However, parameter adjustments and increasing the amount of training data need to be done to improve the overall model performance.
Treatment Recommendation using BERT Personalization
Authors: Jayaram Jayapradha , Kulkarni Yukta , Ganesh Lakshmi Vadhanie , Naveen Palanichamy , Anaam Elham Abdulwahab
Published: October 2024

This research work develops a new framework that combines patient feedback with evidence-based best practices across disease states to improve drug recommendations. It employs BERT as its free-text processing engine to deal with sentiment judgment and classification. The functionality of the system, named `PharmaBERT`, includes acceptance of drug review data as a comprehensive input, drug categorization when dealing with a wide range of treatments and fine-tuning the BERT-based model for gaining positive or negative sentiment towards specific medications. PharmaBERT categorizes various drugs and fine-tunes the BERT structure to perceive lots of possible sentiments for specific medications. Consequently, PharmaBERT brings all its training and optimization capabilities together and through this, the system reaches a higher accuracy of up to 91% thus showcasing the potency of the model in capturing patient sentiments. While being a BERT spin-off, PharmaBERT utilizes its own set of experienced techniques to comprehend and sense the health-related text input given by the patient, doctor, or pharmacist. It uses transfer learning, that is, it learns from language representations to adapt quickly to the intricacies of drug reviewing. Through PharmaBERT, healthcare professionals may expand their diagnoses with insights from patient feedback to constitute more neutral decisions.
Psychological Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on Health Care Workers of a Field Hospital in UN Peacekeeping Mission
Authors: Dewan Mohammed Akhter Hasib , Mahboob Sabiha , Haque Md Ariful , Huda Md Faisal
Published: October 2024

Background: The Covid-19 pandemic has significantly affected the healthcare system worldwide as well as the psychological state of all. The objective of the current study was to assess the psychological conditions of the healthcare workers in Enhanced Level 1+ Hospital, Bouar, Central African Republic (CAR). This assessment can help in the guideline development and implication psychological interventions which in turn can improve the quality of life, working environment and decision-making capabilities of health care workers during widespread pandemic.
Methods:  This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 40 medical personnel working in Enhanced Level 1+ Hospital, Bouar, Central African Republic. The study was performed from June 2022 to August 2022. Assessment of psychological status of military healthcare providers was done by analyzing the results derived from the Mental health survey, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (GAD-7) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Hospital records were analyzed to assess the changes in workload.
Results: The working hour increased significantly from Pre Covid to Post Covid period (1920±34.1 hours/week to 2120±67.3 hours/week) although the number of weekly patients in OPD and Emergency decreased slightly from 51.9 to 40.6. Elevated mental stress was observed during outbreak (average PSS-10 score in June 22 was 20.4 which reduced to 9.7 in August). The same pattern was observed in case of GAD-7 score (15.6 to 10.8) and PHQ-9 score (12.4 to 6.1). The percentage of concerns regarding Covid19 was high during the outbreak, 37/40 (92.5%), which decreased after wards to 18/40 (45%).
Conclusion: The UN field hospitals are inadequate to support mass outbreak like COVID 19 in the context of both staff and medical supplies. During Covid 19 outbreak, sharp rise of workload and difficulties in restocking of essential medical items played a vital role in the mental state of the medical professionals. The field hospitals in UN peacekeeping missions require intensive effort especially on disaster and epidemic management during pre-deployment training. Moreover, reconsidering distribution of human resources in field hospitals is also required.
Bangladesh Armed Forces Med J Vol 57 No (1) June 2024, pp 35-42
Struma Ovarii- Association with Pseudo-Meigs Syndrome and Raised S. CA-125: A Case Report
Authors: Parvin Suraiya
Published: October 2024

The monodermal mature teratoma known as Struma Ovarii is a rare and uncommon form of ovarian tumours. It is primarily composed of thyroid tissue and is associated with hyperthyroidism, increased levels of S. CA-125 (Cancer Antigen-125), and pseudo-Meigs syndrome. Because the symptoms of this tumour are nonspecific, other extremely frequent ovarian lesions may be misdiagnosed and ignored. The majority of the time, incidental imaging and symptoms are used to make the first diagnosis of the cancer; histopathology is used to confirm the diagnosis. A good prognosis and successful curative treatment can result from surgically removing the tumour.
The tumour's rarity makes misdiagnosis frequent. Nonetheless, a total abdominal hysterectomy combined with a bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy may be indicated in premenopausal patients in order to eradicate all symptoms. Ascites, hyperthyroidism, high S. CA-125 levels, and hydrothorax are all rare outcomes of struma ovarii. In this uncommon syndrome with negative cytology, individuals with ascites and pleural effusion should be examined for a differential diagnosis.
Bangladesh Armed Forces Med J Vol 57 No (1) June 2024, pp 50-55
Historia del Arte: Cuaderno docente
Authors:   Universidad del Azuay, Garrido-Chauvin Jaime
Published: October 2024

La educación en Historia del Arte es importante en la universidad porque proporciona una comprensión profunda de la cultura, la sociedad y las tendencias artísticas a lo largo del tiempo. A través del estudio de esta materia, los estudiantes aprenden a interpretar y apreciar las obras de arte en un contexto cultural e histórico, y desarrollan habilidades críticas y visuales. En el caso del diseño, el estudio de la Historia del Arte puede mejorar la creatividad y la capacidad de innovación, al conocer la evolución y los movimientos artísticos a lo largo del tiempo; los estudiantes de diseño pueden ser inspirados a crear soluciones únicas y originales que integren elementos de la Historia del Arte. La Historia del Arte y su vínculo con el diseño son fundamentales para comprender la influencia de la cultura y el arte en la sociedad y cómo estos aspectos se reflejan en el diseño contemporáneo. El presente cuaderno docente plantea un itinerario guía para los profesores de Historia del Arte de la Facultad de Diseño, Arquitectura y Arte de la Universidad del Azuay. Está elaborado a partir de textos resúmenes de varios profesores que han dictado esta materia por algunos años, además de fragmentos escogidos de textos de Historia de Arte y enlaces a las mejores páginas de internet que guardan relación con este campo de estudio. 152 páginas ISBN: 978-9942-670-27-4 e-ISBN: 978-9942-670-28-1
Variability in Optic Nerve Head Morphology in High Axial Myopia and Its Association with Glaucoma
Authors: Seo Jeong Hyun , Lee Seung Hyen
Published: October 2024

Purpose: To investigate optic disc morphology in high axial myopia and its associations with the deep-layer structure of the optic disc using optical coherence tomography and glaucoma.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 69 eyes (33 normal and 36 glaucomatous eyes) with an axial length of 26-27 mm. The eyes were categorized into two groups based on the optic disc tilt ratio (≥ 1.3 or < 1.3). Characteristics of optic disc morphology, including lamina cribrosa depth, peripapillary atrophy width, and Bruch’s membrane opening area, were compared between the two groups. Furthermore, factors related to mean deviation and global retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness were analyzed.Results: The mean optic disc tilt ratio was 1.31 ± 0.23. Eyes with a tilt ratio ≥ 1.3 (30 eyes) had a higher likelihood of glaucoma (p = 0.035) and severe visual field (VF) defects (p < 0.001), a thinner global RNFL thickness (p = 0.046), and larger gamma peripapillary atrophy width (p < 0.001) compared to eyes with a tilt ratio < 1.3 (39 eyes). Linear regression analysis revealed that the optic disc tilt ratio was significantly associated with VF loss (p = 0.018) but not with global RNFL thinning (p = 0.203).Conclusions: Variations in optic disc morphology are observed in eyes with similar axial lengths, and a higher optic disc tilt ratio is associated with more severe VF defects. These findings suggest the potential influence of optic disc morphological changes due to axial elongation on the severity of glaucomatous damage.
SCIENTIFIC SCHOOL “PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL SUPPORT OF CONVICTS SERVING CRIMINAL SENTENCES”
Authors: Kuznetsov Mikhail
Published: October 2024

The article reveals the history, main directions and achievements of the scientific school of psychological and pedagogical support for the correction of convicts of the Faculty of Psychology and Probation of the Academy of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia. The significant contribution of doctors of sciences, professors V. G. Deev,

V. M. Litvishkov, D. M. Sochivko, A. N. Sukhov, N. A. Tyugaeva, A. I. Ushatikov to the development of the considered scientific school is emphasized. It is noted that representatives of the scientific school in question continue to actively cooperate with foreign partners through the publication of scientific articles, scientific and practical conferences, scientific research, exchange of positive experience in correcting persons serving sentences, etc. The scientific school of psychological and pedagogical support of convicts continues to actively develop on the basis of accumulated experience, taking into account the response to modern challenges of the time.
ENSURING FOOD SECURITY THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF EXPORT SUPPLIES OF BUCKWHEAT AND ITS PROCESSED PRODUCTS
Authors: Sedykh Vladimir
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a study of food security processes based on the development of export supplies of buckwheat and its processed products. The characteristics of buckwheat and rice in terms of the content of nutrients, vitamins and trace elements were compared. An infographic of the distribution of global buckwheat production by country is presented. A study was conducted on the possibilities of producing products of deep processing of buckwheat and the export potential of these goods. Promising directions for improving food security in the field under study are outlined.
Optimising colorectal cancer surveillance in inflammatory bowel disease
Authors:   , Wijnands Anouk Maria
Published: October 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), comprising ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease, is a chronic inflammatory condition of the gastrointestinal tract. Compared with the general population, patients with colonic IBD are at increased risk of developing colorectal cancer (CRC). Because of this increased risk patients are enrolled into colonoscopic surveillance programs, to allow for early detection and treatment of dysplasia and CRC. The aim of the research described in this thesis is to optimise CRC surveillance in patients with IBD. More specifically, the main aims of this thesis include: 1. To improve risk stratification for (advanced) colorectal neoplasia (aCRN). 2. To evaluate the most effective colonoscopic colorectal neoplasia (CRN) detection method.

In a meta-analysis all known prognostic factors for advanced colorectal neoplasia (aCRN, high-grade dysplasia and CRC) were identified and their effect size was estimated. Next, a dynamic prediction model was developed and validated for aCRN risk in patients with IBD. Prognostic factors were included based on data from the meta-analysis. In the future the predicted aCRN risks can be related to surveillance intervals. To enable identification of patients’ preferences regarding CRC surveillance in IBD, a discrete choice experiment was conducted. The most important attribute was volume of bowel preparation, followed by surveillance interval and CRC risk reduction. Heterogeneity in preferences was explained by three subgroups: “surveillance avoidant”, “CRC risk avoidant”, and “surveillance preferring”. These findings provide insight in differing patients’ preferences.

Last, three colonoscopic surveillance techniques were compared on CRN detection rates in patients with IBD. The aim of this study was to distinguish between the impact of enhanced imaging in dye-based chromoendoscopy and the effect of re-inspection of colonic segments after dye spraying in the era of high-definition (HD) endoscopes. We found that HD-white light endoscopy (HD-WLE) with segmental re-inspection was non-inferior to HD-chromoendoscopy. HD-WLE with segmental re-inspection was not superior to single-pass HD-WLE. These results suggest that HD-WLE with segmental re-inspection could be a suitable alternative to HD-chromoendoscopy, with the potential benefit that uptake in daily clinic might be higher.
Computation of Novel Binomial Series without Binomial Coefficients
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: October 2024

Nowadays, the growing complexity of mathematical and computational modelling demands the simplicity of mathematical equations for solving today’s scientific problems and challenges. For this purpose, a new binomial series without binomial coefficients is introduced in the paper for applications of engineering and computing sciences.
CRISPR–Cas systems and applications for crop bioengineering
Authors: Uranga Mireia , Martín-Hernández Ana Montserrat , De Storme Nico , Pasin Fabio
Published: October 2024

CRISPR–Cas technologies contribute to enhancing our understanding of plant gene functions, and to the precise breeding of crop traits. Here, we review the latest progress in plant genome editing, focusing on emerging CRISPR–Cas systems, DNA-free delivery methods, and advanced editing approaches. By illustrating CRISPR–Cas applications for improving crop performance and food quality, we highlight the potential of genome-edited crops to contribute to sustainable agriculture and food security.
Advances in understanding the regulation of pluripotency fate transition in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Jia Yong kang , Yu Yang , Guan Li
Published: October 2024

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) sourced from the inner cell mass of blastocysts, are akin to this tissue in function but lack the capacity to form all extraembryonic structures. mESCs are transient cell populations that express high levels of transcripts characteristic of 2-cell (2C) embryos and are identified as “2-cell-like cells” (2CLCs). Previous studies have shown that 2CLCs can contribute to both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues upon reintroduction into early embryos. Approximately 1% of mESCs dynamically transition from pluripotent mESCs into 2CLCs. Nevertheless, the scarcity of mammalian embryos presents a significant challenge to the molecular characterization of totipotent cells. To date, Previous studies have explored various methods for reprogramming pluripotent cells into totipotent cells. While there is a good understanding of the molecular regulatory network maintaining ES pluripotency, the process by which pluripotent ESCs reprogram into totipotent cells and the associated molecular mechanisms of totipotent regulation remain poorly understood. This review synthesizes recent insights into the regulatory pathways of ESC reprogramming into 2CLC, exploring molecular mechanisms modulated by transcriptional regulators, small molecules, and epigenetic changes. The objective is to construct a theoretical framework for the field of researchers.
Synchronous online learning and career readiness in higher education: student perceptions, challenges, and solutions
Authors: Lukashe Mihlali , Chigbu Bianca Ifeoma , Umejesi Ikechukwu
Published: October 2024

Synchronous Online Learning (SOL) environments have rapidly transformed the educational landscape. However, there is limited research on their efficacy in equipping students with the necessary skills to succeed in the workforce, particularly in developing essential professional skills like digital literacy, interpersonal communication, and practical experience. This study explores how SOL impacts students’ readiness for the workforce and the development of these critical skills. The research employed a qualitative methodology involving in-depth interviews with 27 third- and fourth-year students from a South African university. Purposive sampling was used to capture diverse experiences regarding SOL and its influence on professional skill development. Thematic analysis was performed to identify critical patterns and insights from the interviews. Findings reveal that SOL environments effectively enhance students’ technical skills and digital adaptability, essential for navigating a digital workforce. However, SOL is inadequate in developing interpersonal skills and providing practical, hands-on experiences. Students reported a lack of networking opportunities and expressed concerns about their preparedness for the demands of real-world employment, particularly in fields requiring strong interpersonal skills and practical experience. The study highlights the need for educational innovations that combine the benefits of digital learning with comprehensive skill development strategies, particularly in soft skills and experiential learning.
Explore the expression of mitochondria-related genes to construct prognostic risk model for ovarian cancer and validate it, so as to provide optimized treatment for ovarian cancer
Authors: Yunyun Zheng , Guihu Wang , An Jiang
Published: October 2024

Background

The use of gene development data from public database has become a new starting point to explore mitochondrial related gene expression and construct a prognostic prediction model of ovarian cancer.

Methods

Data were obtained from the TCGA and ICGC databases, and the intersection with mitochondrial genes was used to obtain the differentially expressed genes. q-PCR, Cox proportional risk regression, minimal absolute contraction and selection operator regression analysis were performed to construct the prognostic risk model, and ROC curve was used to evaluate the model for centralized verification. The association between risk scores and clinical features, tumor mutation load, immune cell infiltration, macrophage activation analysis, immunotherapy, and chemosensitivity was further evaluated.

Results

A prognostic risk score model for ovarian cancer patients was constructed based on 12 differentially expressed genes. The score was highly correlated with ovarian cancer macrophage infiltration and was a good predictor of the response to immunotherapy. M1 and M2 macrophages in the ovarian tissue in the OV group were significantly activated, providing a reference for the study of the polarity change of tumor-related macrophages for the prognosis and treatment of ovarian cancer. In terms of drug sensitivity, the high-risk group was more sensitive to vinblastine, Acetalax, VX-11e, and PD-0325901, while the low-risk group was more sensitive to Sabutoclax, SB-505124, cisplatin, and erlotinib.

Conclusion

The prognostic risk model of ovarian cancer associated to mitochondrial genes built on the basis of public database better evaluated the prognosis of ovarian cancer patients and guided individual treatment.
Case report: Nephrotic syndrome and portal hypertensive ascites after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: a rare manifestation of chronic graft-versus-host disease
Authors: Ai SanXi , Wen YuBing , Fan XiaoHong , Hua TianRui , Ye Wei , Li XueMei , Qin Yan
Published: October 2024

Chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a major complication after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Chronic GVHD may have atypical manifestations affecting non-classical organs. The diagnosis in patients with atypical manifestations of chronic GVHD is particullarly challenging, and there is a lack of knowledge regarding their pathogenesis and treatment. We reported a case who developed post-HSCT nephrotic syndrome and portal hypertensive ascites, which are both rare and atypical manifestations of chronic GVHD. Kidney biopsy revealed membranous nephropathy and renal thrombotic microangiopathy with glomerular immune deposits, suggesting antibody-mediated kidney injury. Treatment with ruxolitinib resulted in remission of both nephrotic syndrome and ascites, suggesting a role of cytokines in the pathogenesis. This case highlighted the awareness of nephrotic syndrome and portal hypertensive ascites as atypical manifestations of chronic GVHD, and the efficacy of ruxolitinib for the two manifestations.
The impact of immune dysregulation on the risk of malignancy in common variable immunodeficiency: insights from a multicenter study
Authors: Cabañero-Navalon Marta Dafne , Garcia-Bustos Victor , Balastegui-Martin Héctor , Bracke Carmen , Mateu Lourdes , Solanich Xavier , Carrillo-Linares Juan Luis , Robles-Marhuenda Angel , Puchades Francesc , Pelaez Ballesta Ana , Lopez-Osle Nuria , Torralba-Cabeza Miguel Ángel , Bielsa Masdeu Ana María , Gil Niño Jorge , Tornador Gaya Nuria , Castellanos Guillem Pascual , Sánchez-Martínez Rosario , Barragán-Casas José Manuel , González-García Andrés , Patier de la Peña José Luis , López-Wolf Daniel , Rufete Antonia Mora , Canovas Mora Alba , Moral Moral Pedro
Published: October 2024

Background

Common Variable Immunodeficiency (CVID) represents a heterogenic group of primary immunodeficiencies (PID) characterized by impaired antibody production and susceptibility to infections. Non-infectious complications, such as autoimmune diseases, lymphoproliferative disorders, and malignancies, now significantly impact prognosis. Moreover, both hematologic and solid organ malignancies are more frequently observed in CVID patients compared to other PIDs. The risk factors for carcinogenesis in CVID remain largely unknown.

Objective

This multicenter study aims to characterize the clinical profile of cancer in CVID patients in Spain and to identify independent risk factors associated with malignancy development, focusing on the role of immune dysregulation.

Methods

A nationwide, cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2019 to May 2022, involving 17 hospitals treating PID patients in Spain. Data were collected systematically on demographics, infectious and non-infectious comorbidities, immunological parameters, and treatment. Statistical analysis, including multivariate logistic regression, was performed to identify risk factors associated to malignancy.

Results

Of 250 CVID patients, 38 (15.26%) were diagnosed with cancer, predominantly non-Hodgkin lymphoma, gastric cancer, and lung adenocarcinoma. Cancer patients were significantly older (mean age 60.70 vs. 49.36 years, p<0.001) and had higher rates of immune dysregulation (81.58% vs. 59.7%, p=0.01). Immune dysregulation was an independent risk factor for cancer (OR 2.19, p=0.04), alongside previous immunosuppressant therapy (OR 2, p=0.031), higher IgM levels (OR 1.008 per SD, p=0.012), older age (OR 1.04, p<0.001), and lower CD4 cell counts at diagnosis (OR 0.997, p<0.001).

Conclusions

This study highlights the increased cancer risk in CVID patients, with immune dysregulation, prior immunosuppressant use, elevated IgM levels, and lower CD4 cell counts as conjointly associated. These findings underscore the need for vigilant cancer screening and tailored management strategies in CVID patients to improve outcomes. Future research should focus on elucidating the molecular mechanisms linking immune dysregulation and malignancy in CVID.
Impact of combinatorial immunotherapies in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sisodiya Sandeep , Kasherwal Vishakha , Rani Jyoti , Mishra Neetu , Kumar Sandeep , Khan Asiya , Aftab Mehreen , Shagufta  , Singh Payal , Gupta Ekta , Tanwar Pranay , Hussain Showket
Published: October 2024

Background

Breast cancer has the highest mortality rate among all cancers affecting females worldwide. Several new effective therapeutic strategies are being developed to minimize the number of breast cancer-related deaths and improve the quality of life of breast cancer patients. However, resistance to conventional therapies in breast cancer patients remains a challenge which could be due to several reasons, including changes in the tumor microenvironment. Attention is being diverted towards minimizing the resistance, toxicity, and improving the affordability of therapeutics for better breast cancer management. This includes personalized medicine, target-specific drug delivery systems, combinational therapies and artificial intelligence based screening and disease prediction. Nowadays, researchers and clinicians are also exploring the use of combinatorial immunotherapies in breast cancer patients, which have shown encouraging results in terms of improved survival outcomes. This study attempts to analyze the role of combinational immunotherapies in breast cancer patients, and offer insights into their effectiveness in breast cancer management.

Methodology

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis for which we selected the randomized clinical trials (RCTs) focused on completed Phase I/II/III/IV clinical trials investigating combination immunotherapies for breast cancer. The analysis aimed to assess the efficacy of combination therapies in comparison to mono-therapies, focusing on overall survival (OS), and progression-free survival (PFS).

Results

We observed that, combination immunotherapies significantly (P<0.05) improved OS as compared to single-drug therapies in the Phase I with overall Risk ratio (RR) of 16.17 (CI 2.23,117.50), Phase II with an overall RR of 19.19 (CI 11.76,31.30) and for phase III overall RR 22.27 (CI 13.60,36.37). In the case of PFS, it was significant with RR: 12.35 (CI 2.14, 71.26) in Phase I RR 6.10 (CI 4.31, 8.64) in phase II, RR 8.95 (CI 6.09, 13.16) in phase III and RR 14.82 (CI 6.49, 33.82) in Phase IV of clinical trials.

Conclusion

The observed improvements in overall survival and progression-free survival suggest that combination immunotherapies could serve as a better approach to breast cancer management.
Temperature-tunable topological zero-refraction acoustic metamaterials
Authors: Chu Yangyang , Sun Tong , Wang Zhaohong , Zhang Zhifeng
Published: October 2024

Zero-refractive index metamaterials have a wide range of applications in directional transmission and wave-front shaping due to their unusual acoustic properties. However, for most given acoustic topological metamaterials, the operating frequency is relatively fixed and the effect of temperature on their topological properties is rarely considered. Therefore, temperature-controlled tunable topological zero-refraction acoustic metamaterials are proposed in this paper. Firstly, a metamaterial with quadruple degenerate Dirac-like points at the center of the Brillouin zone is constructed, and the influence of temperature on the Dirac-like points is analyzed. The results show that the topological bandgap frequency range is more sensitive to temperature. The existence of pseudospin-polarized edge state is demonstrated by analysing the band structure of supercells with different topological phase phonon crystal. The topological zero-refraction property of the edge states outcoupled into free space is numerically demonstrated, and the non-contact active control of their operating frequencies can be realized by temperature. This study can provide a corresponding reference for the intelligent control of near-zero refractive index acoustic topological materials in elastic wave collimation and acoustic communication.
The effects of pulsed electromagnetic field therapy on muscle strength and pain in patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Wang Qian-wen , Ong Michael Tim-yun , Man Gene Chi-wai , Franco-Obregón Alfredo , Choi Ben Chi-yin , Lui Pauline Po-yee , Fong Daniel T. P. , Qiu Ji-hong , He Xin , Ng Jonathan Patrick , Yung Patrick Shu-hang
Published: October 2024

Background

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is one of the most common chronic degenerative joint conditions affecting aging population.

Aim

To investigate the effectiveness of a combination of home-based exercise and pulsed electromagnetic field (PEMF) therapy to improve muscle strength, physical function, and pain.

Methods

Sixty patients were randomly assigned to either home-based exercise alone (control group; n = 30) or combined with PEMF therapy (treatment group; n = 30) twice a week for eight weeks. Knee extension, flexion muscle strength, gait speed (GS), 5 time sit-to-stand test (5STS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) were recorded at baseline and 4 and 8 weeks.

Results

Significant improvements in symptomatic knee extension muscle strength (SKE, p = 0.001), flexion strength (SKF, p = 0.011), contralateral knee extension muscle strength (CKE, p = 0.002), and flexion strength (CKF, p = 0.009) were observed for the PEMF treatment group at 8 weeks. Significant reductions in VAS pain scores were observed in both the treatment (p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.505) and control (p < 0.001, partial η2 = 0.268) groups. Significant differences were reported between groups in the 4 (p = 0.010, partial η2 = 0.111) and 8 (p = 0.046, partial η2 = 0.068) week assessment in VAS pain. A significant time difference was found in GS and 5STS between baseline and week 8 (GS: difference 0.051, p = 0.026; 5STS: difference 2.327, p < 0.001) in the treatment group. The significant group difference at week 8 was observed in SKE (p = 0.013) in female patients while pain in male patients (p = 0.026). Patients aged over 70 years have a significantly superior improvement in SKE, SKF, and CKF after 8 weeks of PEMF therapy.

Conclusion

The combination of PEMF therapy and home-based exercise superiorly improved knee muscle strength and reduced pain in end-stage knee OA subjects and showed a promising tendency to improve performance-based physical function. PEMF therapy was shown to preferentially benefit knee muscle strength in female patients and patients aged over 70 years, whereas male patients were more responsive to PEMF therapy in the form of pain relief.

Clinical trial registration

clinicalTrials.gov, NCT05550428.
Exploring the potential role of microbiota and metabolites in acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Authors: Shi Yanmin , Yang Jianya , Tian Tao , Li Suyun , Xie Yang
Published: October 2024

The acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease seriously affects the respiratory system function and quality of life of patients. This study employed 16S rRNA sequencing and metabolomics techniques to analyze the respiratory microbiota and serum metabolites of COPD and AECOPD patients. The results showed that the microbial diversity in the respiratory tract of AECOPD patients was significantly lower than that of COPD patients, and the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella and Neisseria in the respiratory tract of AECOPD patients was significantly lower than that of COPD patients. However, the relative abundance of Haemophilus_D, Veillonella_A and Pseudomonas_E, in AECOPD patients was significantly higher than that of COPD patients, and the ability of respiratory microbiota in AECOPD patients to participate in alanine metabolism was significantly lower than that of COPD patients. Metabolome results further revealed that the serum alanine levels in AECOPD patients were significantly lower than those in COPD patients, and these differential metabolites were mainly involved in linoleic acid metabolism, protein digestion and absorption and regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes. In summary, the structural characteristics of respiratory microbiota in COPD and AECOPD patients are different from those in healthy populations, and their microbiota diversity decreases and microbial community structure and function will also undergo changes when acute exacerbations occur. In addition, the predicted microbial community function and metabolomics results indicate that the onset of AECOPD is mainly related to energy and amino acid metabolism disorders, especially alanine metabolism.