bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breaking Down Walls, Building Bridges: Professional Stigma Management in Mental Health Care
Authors: Dobransky Kerry Michael
Published: February 2018

Though most mental health care today occurs in community settings, including primary care, research on mental illness stigma tends to focus on hospitalization or severe mental illness. While stigma negatively impacts the health of those with a range of mental problems, relatively little research examines how providers work with clients to confront and manage mental illness stigma. Calling on 28 interviews with providers in a range of mental health care settings, this paper reveals providers’ roles in managing mental illness stigma. Findings reveal that mental illness stigma is an important factor in treatment across settings and severity and that providers play important roles in common client stigma management strategies. Data show two major sets of strategies of working with clients on stigma: normalization and brokering/buffering. Professional stigma management is a key mental health care practice and needs to be studied as such.
Characteristics of people living in Italy after a cancer diagnosis in 2010 and projections to 2020
Authors: Guzzinati Stefano , Virdone Saverio , De Angelis Roberta , Panato Chiara , Buzzoni Carlotta , Capocaccia Riccardo , Francisci Silvia , Gigli Anna , Zorzi Manuel , Tagliabue Giovanna , Serraino Diego , Falcini Fabio , Casella Claudia , Russo Antonio Giampiero , Stracci Fabrizio , Caruso Bianca , Michiara Maria , Caiazzo Anna Luisa , Castaing Marine , Ferretti Stefano , Mangone Lucia , Rudisi Giuseppa , Sensi Flavio , Mazzoleni Guido , Pannozzo Fabio , Tumino Rosario , Fusco Mario , Ricci Paolo , Gola Gemma , Giacomin Adriano , Tisano Francesco , Candela Giuseppa , Fanetti Anna Clara , Pala Filomena , Sardo Antonella Sutera , Rugge Massimo , Botta Laura , Dal Maso Luigino
Published: February 2018

Background

Estimates of cancer prevalence are widely based on limited duration, often including patients living after a cancer diagnosis made in the previous 5 years and less frequently on complete prevalence (i.e., including all patients regardless of the time elapsed since diagnosis). This study aims to provide estimates of complete cancer prevalence in Italy by sex, age, and time since diagnosis for all cancers combined, and for selected cancer types. Projections were made up to 2020, overall and by time since diagnosis.

Methods

Data were from 27 Italian population-based cancer registries, covering 32% of the Italian population, able to provide at least 7 years of registration as of December 2009 and follow-up of vital status as of December 2013. The data were used to compute the limited-duration prevalence, in order to estimate the complete prevalence by means of the COMPREV software.

Results

In 2010, 2,637,975 persons were estimated to live in Italy after a cancer diagnosis, 1.2 million men and 1.4 million women, or 4.6% of the Italian population. A quarter of male prevalent cases had prostate cancer (n = 305,044), while 42% of prevalent women had breast cancer (n = 604,841). More than 1.5 million people (2.7% of Italians) were alive since 5 or more years after diagnosis and 20% since ≥15 years. It is projected that, in 2020 in Italy, there will be 3.6 million prevalent cancer cases (+ 37% vs 2010). The largest 10-year increases are foreseen for prostate (+ 85%) and for thyroid cancers (+ 79%), and for long-term survivors diagnosed since 20 or more years (+ 45%). Among the population aged ≥75 years, 22% will have had a previous cancer diagnosis.

Conclusions

The number of persons living after a cancer diagnosis is estimated to rise of approximately 3% per year in Italy. The availability of detailed estimates and projections of the complete prevalence are intended to help the implementation of guidelines aimed to enhance the long-term follow-up of cancer survivors and to contribute their rehabilitation needs.
Influences of weight, age, gender, genetics, diseases, and ethnicity on bitterness perception: a narrative review of current methodological aspects
Authors: Shizukuda Satye , Marchini Julio Sergio , Adell Adriana , Santos Marcelo Alexandre , Brandao Camila Fernanda Cunha , Lima Cristiane Maria Martires , Cunha Selma Freire Carvalho , Itikawa Emerson Nobuyuki , Silvah Jose Henrique
Published: February 2018

Background

Bitterness perception seems to be related to an enhanced intake of dietary fat and to a tendency to the development of diseases such as obesity. However, the exact factors for this possible contribution still need to be better investigated. So, gustatory perception of the bitter taste is a promising area of study because of its importance regarding food choices and consequently feeding behavior. Therefore, this short review focused on recent papers reporting correlations between bitter taste, anthropometric variables, obesity and other chronic diseases, age, gender, ethnicity, and genetics.

Methods

A survey was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed) and Scielo from September 2015 to January 2017. Only review articles, observational studies and clinical trials published in English and Portuguese over the last 15 years which met the objectives of the present study were considered. A total of 40 papers were evaluated.

Results

Two papers showed a positive correlation between bitter taste and obesity, one indicated that this correlation is influenced by the subject’s age, one suggested a negative correlation, and two found no association. Age seems to be negatively correlated with the bitterness perceived, and female gender was associated with a stronger perception of bitterness. Genetics, mostly due to differences in TAS2R38 expression, influences sensitivity to the bitter taste, feeding behavior and also alcohol intake. Ethnicity, not only the subject’s phenotypic or genotypic characteristics, seems to play a role in taste perception and nutritional diseases.

Conclusions

Age, gender, genetics and ethnicity seem to play a role in bitterness perception. Data about associations between bitterness perception and anthropometrics are conflicting.
Near infrared hyperspectral imaging of blends of conventional and waxy hard wheats
Authors: Delwiche Stephen , Qin Jianwei , Graybosch Robert , Rausch Steven , Kim Moon
Published: February 2018

Recent development of hard winter waxy (amylose-free) wheat adapted to the North American climate has
prompted the quest to find a rapid method that will determine mixture levels of conventional wheat in lots of identity
preserved waxy wheat. Previous work documented the use of conventional near infrared (NIR) reflectance spectroscopy
to determine the mixture level of conventional wheat in waxy wheat, with an examined range, through binary sample
mixture preparation, of 0–100% (weight conventional / weight total). The current study examines the ability of NIR
hyperspectral imaging of intact kernels to determine mixture levels. Twenty-nine mixtures (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15, …, 95,
96, 97, 98, 99, 100%) were formed from known genotypes of waxy and conventional wheat. Two-class partial least
squares discriminant analysis (PLSDA) and statistical pattern recognition classifier models were developed for identifying
each kernel in the images as conventional or waxy. Along with these approaches, conventional PLS1 regression modelling
was performed on means of kernel spectra within each mixture test sample. Results indicated close agreement between
all three approaches, with standard errors of prediction for the better preprocess transformations (PLSDA models) or
better classifiers (pattern recognition models) of approximately 9 percentage units. Although such error rates were slightly
greater than ones previously published using non-imaging NIR analysis of bulk whole kernel wheat and wheat meal, the
HSI technique offers an advantage of its potential use in sorting operations.
A collection of annotated and harmonized human breast cancer transcriptome datasets, including immunologic classification
Authors: Roelands Jessica , Decock Julie , Boughorbel Sabri , Rinchai Darawan , Maccalli Cristina , Ceccarelli Michele , Black Michael , Print Cris , Chou Jeff , Presnell Scott , Quinn Charlie , Jithesh Puthen , Syed Najeeb , Al Bader Salha B.J. , Bedri Shahinaz , Wang Ena , Marincola Francesco M. , Chaussabel Damien , Kuppen Peter , Miller Lance D. , Bedognetti Davide , Hendrickx Wouter
Published: February 2018

The increased application of high-throughput approaches in translational research has expanded the number of publicly available data repositories. Gathering additional valuable information contained in the datasets represents a crucial opportunity in the biomedical field. To facilitate and stimulate utilization of these datasets, we have recently developed an interactive data browsing and visualization web application, the Gene Expression Browser (GXB). In this note, we describe a curated compendium of 13 public datasets on human breast cancer, representing a total of 2142 transcriptome profiles. We classified the samples according to different immune based classification systems and integrated this information into the datasets. Annotated and harmonized datasets were uploaded to GXB. Study samples were categorized in different groups based on their immunologic tumor response profiles, intrinsic molecular subtypes and multiple clinical parameters. Ranked gene lists were generated based on relevant group comparisons. In this data note, we demonstrate the utility of GXB to evaluate the expression of a gene of interest, find differential gene expression between groups and investigate potential associations between variables with a specific focus on immunologic classification in breast cancer. This interactive resource is publicly available online at:http://breastcancer.gxbsidra.org/dm3/geneBrowser/list.
Open letter to Jeremy Hunt, Secretary of State for Health
Authors: Sherwin Sarah , Moore Michelle , Adams Elspeth , Allwood Wendy , Bangar Banita , Barber Charlotte , Bertassius Jessica , Campbell Michelle , Carey Laura , Dipple Lisa , Ellis Rebecca , Hanrahan Michelle , James Leah , Lowe Linda , Matthews David , Middle Faye , Noble Sarah , Parker Charlotte , Price Julie , Smith Helen , Steele Leila , Waheed Hassen , Westwood Ashley , Wilson Nicola
Published: February 2018

School nursing lecturers and specialist community public health nursing (school nursing) students have written to the Secretary of State for Health, to explain why investing in school nursing services to deliver tier one mental health care would be an efficient and cost-effective way to address the mental health crisis.
Delivering targeted motivational interviewing to reduce alcohol-related harm in adolescents
Authors: Farley Lisa T , Harding Tracey A
Published: February 2018

Aim:

Investigating the effectiveness of targeted motivational interviewing (MI) as a brief intervention for reducing adolescent alcohol use and the associated health and social harms.

Background:

The implications of alcohol misuse are both far-reaching and cumulative, with alcohol-related harm identified as a major public health issue. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to the toxic effects of alcohol. In response, both the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence and the World Health Organization advocate the delivery of brief interventions as a supportive harm reduction strategy.

Methods:

Multiple databases were searched to locate systematic reviews of RCTs published between 2006 and 2016. Studies were required to have used brief MI; specific to adolescent alcohol use and harm reduction.

Results:

Interventions based upon MI principles provided encouraging results, despite the utilisation of differing intervention designs, settings and outcome measures.

Conclusions:

Targeted MI can reduce adolescent alcohol consumption, frequency of use and the associated health and social harms. As leaders of the Healthy Child Programme (5–19), school nurses are well placed to deliver these interventions.
Supporting students with seasonal affective disorder
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: February 2018

Seasonal affective disorder can have a substantial impact on children and young people's health and wellbeing. Stephanie Thornton looks at the potential signs and treatment options.
Uncomplicated use of vedolizumab for inflammatory bowel disease in pregnancy: two case reports
Authors: Lamb Carly , Boal Allan , Squires Seth , Naismith Graham
Published: February 2018

Background:

Vedolizumab is an anti-α4β7 integrin that is indicated for use in moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. There is limited study into its safety and efficacy in pregnancy. We present two case reports, each with a successful pregnancy with vedolizumab-treated inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods:

Retrospective and observational study of two pregnant women with IBD who were treated with vedolizumab throughout pregnancy. Clinical information on both patients was collected from reading through electronically scanned patient notes and clinic letters. Information collected included: time and age of diagnosis, investigations, previous drug therapies tried, reasons for drug therapy failure, rationale for continuing vedolizumab throughout pregnancy, number of doses of vedolizumab received pre- and post-conception, disease severity throughout pregnancy, mode of delivery of baby and health of baby post-delivery. Information on the health of babies post-delivery and at time of writing was gathered by telephone conversation with both mothers.

Results:

In the two patients reported, vedolizumab use in the first and second trimester did not seem to negatively affect the outcome for both mother and baby. Both mothers had well-controlled IBD throughout pregnancy and delivered safely a healthy baby by elective caesarean section at term. At 8 and 4 months, both babies were noted to be healthy, with no congenital abnormality.

Conclusions:

In these two case reports, vedolizumab was safe and effective in both patient and baby. However, the use of vedolizumab in pregnancy requires further study.
Opportunities to participate in clinical trials: awareness among liver patients
Authors: Soady Ian , MacCabe Kevin , Bunch Graham , Hyde Alan , Rawlings Carol , Round Maria , Maguire Carmel , Hook Beverley , Burke Emma , Coughlan Linda , Quann Niamh , Mistry Liam , Hull Diana , Athwal Amrita Kaur
Published: February 2018

Introduction:

The rising burden of liver disease requires new treatment approaches. Clinical trials are one way forward. However, many patients are unaware that they may be eligible to enter a clinical trial.

Methods:

A survey was designed to determine if patients with liver disease were aware of opportunities to partake in trials. It was distributed to patients attending the University Hospitals Birmingham liver outpatient department over a 2-week period and to patients who had viral hepatitis. The data were collected and analysed.

Results:

The majority of respondents were White, male, and aged 45–64 years. A number of demographic trends in the frequency of invitations to, requests for and awareness of clinical trials were reported. Patients reported that health professionals were their predominant source of information about clinical trials.

Discussion:

While some patients expressed an interest in trials, a significant proportion had not been asked to take part, and a more detailed project is needed to determine why this is.
Effectiveness of a monofilament wound debridement pad at removing biofilm and slough:ex vivoand clinical performance
Authors: Schultz Gregory S. , Woo Kevin , Weir Dot , Yang Qingping
Published: February 2018

Objective:

Removal of slough and other devitalised tissue is an important step in biofilm-based wound care (BBWC) and wound bed preparation. Debridement is key to management of both slough and biofilm, and a number of methods are available to achieve this, including surgical/sharp and mechanical debridement. Developments have led to products indicated for debridement of wounds, including a sterile pad consisting of monofilament fibres. Our aim is to examine the effectiveness of a monofilament wound debridement pad (WDP), Debrisoft.

Method:

We assessed the WDP, in laboratory tests, for the removal of mature biofilm from porcine dermal tissue in an ex vivo model, and the clinical management of sloughy wounds that would benefit from debridement. We used the UPPER score to determine the superficial infection status.

Results:

The WDP was effective in removing biofilm from porcine dermal tissue. A case series of 10 patients with chronic wounds suggested that the WDP was beneficial in the removal of slough. All chronic wounds had slough and were cleaned weekly, for four weeks, using the MDP to achieve improved healing and a clean wound bed. The average wound size decreased from 8.09cm2at baseline to 2.3cm2at week four, with three wounds healed completely. Exudate was reduced, and the UPPER score improved in every patient.

Conclusion:

These results indicate that the WDP effectively debrides biofilm and slough, and contributes to care that follows the principles of wound bed preparation and BBWC.
An observational study of a superabsorbent polymer dressing evaluated by clinicians and patients
Authors: Barrett Simon , Callaghan Rosie , Chadwick Paul , Haycocks Sam , Rippon Mark , Stephen-Haynes Jackie , Simm Sue
Published: February 2018

Objective:

This open, non-comparative, multi-centre investigation examines the use of a new superabsorbent polymer (SAP) wound dressing used for exudate management (in medium-to-high exuding wounds) in a patient population with a variety of wound types. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the fluid management capabilities of the dressing.

Method:

Both acute and chronic wounds with moderate-to-high exudate production levels were assessed (over a period of two weeks) as requiring exudate management, with a SAP dressing, Zetuvit Plus (designated RespoSorb Super in other countries), as part of their normal treatment regimen. Clinicians recorded a subjective assessment of exudate management and its impact on periwound skin conditions. In addition, wound bed preparation, healing trajectory and pain level reduction were monitored to give an insight into the clinical implications of using this dressing. Data was also collected from clinicians and patients on clinical performance of the dressing.

Results:

The SAP dressing achieved ratings of ‘very good’/‘good’ (83% and 13%, respectively) in relation to its wound exudate handling properties. The dressing supported improved wound healing, reduced damage to and enhanced the status of the periwound skin. Pain levels were reduced and, as a consequence, patient reported outcomes were improved. Patients commented that the exudate handling capabilities of the dressing, its conformability and comfort allowed them to resume a semblance of normality in their life. All participating clinicians indicated that they would continue to use the SAP dressing. A sub-population cost analysis has highlighted that, when compared to alternative (historical) exudate management treatments, the SAP dressing was less expensive. The cost reduction arises from data that shows product use and frequency of dressing change (that impacts on nurse time) are both reduced. For the 10 patients evaluated, total costs were £2,491 and £1,312 before and during use, respectively; a saving of £1,179.00 (47%).

Conclusion:

The SAP dressing was well tolerated and shown to be effective in the management of moderate-to-high exudate. Consequently, the dressing supported improved healing, and reduced damage to periwound skin, leading to lower pain levels. Overall, both the patients and clinicians rated the SAP highly.
Regulação das emoções na infância: Delimitação e definição
Authors: Rocha Ana Maria , Candeias Adelinda Araújo , Silva Adelina Lopes da
Published: February 2018

Este artigo faz uma revisão conceptual e teórica da regulação das emoções, assim como de estudos empíricos associados a correlatos e indicadores de ajustamento psicossocial. No âmbito da Psicologia do Desenvolvimento, este artigo pretende contribuir para a clarificação da definição e delimitação da regulação das emoções na infância. Começamos por fazer uma resenha histórica do seu estudo; de seguida, procuramos delimitar o conceito de outros que lhe são contíguos (e.g., coping e inteligência emocional), para, depois, apresentar uma definição em função de várias problemáticas relevantes ao tema (e.g., regulação das emoções e regulação emocional; autorregulação e regulação externa das emoções).
Norbert Elias e a psicanálise: envolvimentos e alienações
Authors: Costa André Oliveira
Published: February 2018

Este artigo apresenta a influência da psicanálise de Sigmund Freud no pensamento de Norbert Elias, reconhecida pelo próprio sociólogo, demostrando que o corpo atua como elemento articulador da relação entre indivíduo e sociedade. N. Elias também foi um crítico da obra freudiana, pretendendo ir mais além dela. Identificamos, contudo, que certos elementos da teoria sobre o processo civilizador já estavam presentes na compreensão de Freud sobre os processos sociais.
Reproducción asistida en la historia: la experiencia ética de ser padres
Authors: Massé García Carmen
Published: February 2018

La decisión de someterse a técnicas de reproducción médicamente asistida comporta una serie de preguntas éticas que hombres y mujeres de todos los tiempos han tenido que responderse: ¿para qué hacerlo? ¿Quién decide? ¿Por qué así? ¿Por qué no? ¿Cómo afrontar el proceso? Miramos a la Historia para ayudar a responderlas desde la experiencia de tantas mujeres y parejas que han necesitado asistir su imposible reproducción con los más inverosímiles recursos. Mirar al sujeto y su experiencia de sentido puede ser una apuesta bioética más fecunda que reducir la reflexión únicamente a las técnicas.
Efectos jurídicos de la reproducción asistida heteróloga en la regulación civil y familiar en México
Authors: León Ortiz Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2018

En este trabajo, se lleva a cabo el análisis de la aplicación de los recursos biotecnológicos de reproducción humana asistida al concepto de filiación, en el entendido de que la legislación civil de la Ciudad de México, fue una de las primeras en nuestro país que reconoció el derecho de acceso a los recursos biomédicos de reproducción asistida (RA) como fuente para determinar la filiación entre los hijos producto de la RA y los esposos o concubinos que deciden acudir a un tratamiento de fertilidad, al que luego se sumarían otras entidades de la federación, aunque con reglas más específicas.
The New Professionalism? Charter Teachers’ Experiences and Qualities of the Teaching Profession
Authors: Torres A. Chris , Weiner Jennie
Published: February 2018

While teacher professionalism remains a contested topic, scholars increasingly acknowledge the field has entered a “new professionalism” wherein its parameters are dictated by management and the organization rather than those within the occupation. Many argue that this shift has served to decrease teachers' sense of professionalism, efficacy and persistence. Simultaneously, no-excuses charter schools, considered to embrace this new professionalism, continue to proliferate. Yet little is known about how teachers within these schools view teaching and the qualities of teacher professionalism. To address this gap, we interviewed twenty new and novice teachers teaching in high profile charter organizations in the northeast such as Uncommon Schools, KIPP, MATCH, and Boston Collegiate. Our findings suggest that these teachers largely perceived their schools and the degree of professionalism positively. For example, teachers reported that their schools fostered teacher autonomy, professional accountability, and collaboration. However, their schools' high-accountability climates encouraged feelings of competition and caused teachers to question their efficacy, ultimately reinforcing views of teaching as a short-term endeavor. Finally, professional status and rewards were described as low with many teachers saying they felt underappreciated or undervalued. Our findings demonstrate how the climate of “new professionalism” can produce outcomes both consistent and in tension with efforts to professionalize teaching.
Investigating of perceptions on classroom climate for third and fourth graders
Authors: Esen Aygün Hanife , Şahin Taşkın Çiğdem
Published: February 2018

In the research, it is aimed to investigate the classroom environment perceptions of the third and fourth graders in terms of some variables. Accordingly, `What is happening in this class?` scale has been adapted into Turkish and validity and reliability studies have been conducted as well. Then, the scale was administered to 526 students at the third and the fourth grades of primary school in the fall semester of the 2016-2017 academic years. The data was analyzed terms of gender, class level and socio-cultural status of the school. The findings indicate that the students' perceptions of classroom environment in the factors of Student Cohesiveness, Teacher Support, Participation, Investigation, Task Orientation, Cooperation and Equity are Always. Additionally, there is a significant difference between students’ classroom environment perceptions in favour for girls. According to grades, there is a significant difference between students’ classroom environment perceptions in favour of the third grade students. Based on the school socio-cultural status, there is a significant difference between students’ classroom environment perceptions towards very good.
The effect of graphic organizers on the problem posing skills of 3rd grade elementary school students
Authors: Tavşanlı Ömer Faruk , Kozaklı Tuğçe , Kaldırım Abdullah
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study was determined to examine the effect of graphic organizers on problem posing skills of 3rd grade primary school students. The present study was designed following the explanatory mixed method design. In the quantitative dimension of this study, a semi-experimental study was conducted to determine the effect of graphic organizers on problem posing skills of 3rd grade elementary school students. Regarding the qualitative dimension of the study, interviews were conducted with the classroom teachers to find out the effects of problem posing training supported by the graphic organizers on problem posing skills of 3rd grade elementary school students. The study was carried out with the participation of 38 third grade students. Based on the results of the study, it was found that graphic organizers increased the problem-solving success of 3rd grade primary school students. Furthermore, according to the opinions of the teachers who implemented the training, the graphic organizers facilitated the students’ problem posing processes, made the problem posing activities more systematic and more enjoyable, strengthened the students’ sense of valuing mathematics and helped students to maintain their concentration throughout the study.
Corrosion inhibition of steel in phosphoric acid
Authors: Khadom Anees A. , Farhan Salah N.
Published: February 2018

Phosphoric acid has been used in many industrial applications and can be in contact with a lot chemical and petrochemical equipment. Most of this equipment is made of steel alloys that may be damaged because of contact with acid. Corrosion inhibitors can be used for to protect steel alloys against several forms and various environments of corrosion. In this paper, the efficiency and applications of organic and inorganic inhibitors in different environments of phosphoric acid are investigated. More than 40 papers were collected and reviewed. Surveys of the stated works in phosphoric acid environments are documented. It was concluded that organic inhibitors performed as good corrosion inhibitors and are used widely. The use of inorganic inhibitors was limited. Most of studied inhibitors follow Langmuir’s adsorption isotherm, and the mechanism of the inhibition can be ascribed to the mixed effect on cathodic and anodic reactions. The synergistic effect was also addressed in the present work.
Optimal Operation of a Multi Source Multi Delivery Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline Network
Authors: Arya Dr. Adarsh Kumar , Honwad Dr. Shrihari
Published: February 2018

Transportation of natural gas from gathering station to consumption centers is done through complex gas pipeline network system. The huge cost involved in transporting natural gas has made pipeline optimization of increased interest in natural gas pipeline industries. In the present work a lesser known application of Ant Colony in pipeline optimization, has been implemented in a real gas pipeline network. The objective chosen is to minimize the fuel consumption in a gas pipeline network consisting of seven compressors. Pressures at forty-five nodes are chosen as the decision variables. Results of Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) have been compared with those of GAMS that utilizes ‘Generalized gradient principles’ for optimization. Our results utilizing ACO show significant improvement in fuel consumption reductions. Similar procedures can be adopted by researchers and pipeline managers to help pipeline operators in fixing up the pressures at different nodes so as the fuel consumption in compressors gets minimized.
Screening for gestational diabetes in low-risk women: effect of maternal age
Authors: Kalok Aida , Peraba Pravin , Shah Shamsul Azhar , Mahdy Zaleha Abdullah , Jamil Mohamad Abdul , Kampan Nirmala , Sulaiman Suraya , Mohamed Ismail Nor Azlin
Published: February 2018

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is on the rise globally and there are various screening guidelines with regard to patients’ criteria.

Materials and methods

We conducted a prospective cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of GDM amongst low-risk pregnant women above the age of 25 years. A modified glucose tolerance test (MGTT) was performed between 24 and 36 weeks of gestation. Women with GDM were divided into two groups for analysis: age between 25 and 34 years (group A) and above 35 years (group B). They were managed as per hospital protocol and followed-up until delivery. The women’s demographic data, treatment and subsequent pregnancy outcomes were analysed.

Results

The overall prevalence of GDM in our low-risk women was 14%. GDM was less common in the younger age group (25–34 years) in comparison to those aged above 35 years (9.7% vs. 26.3%, p = 0.001). There was a non-significant increase in the induction of labour (IOL) rate amongst those aged below 35 years compared to the older group (46.7 % vs. 38.5%). The insulin requirement in the age group 25–34 years and above 35 years, were 6.7% and 23.1%, respectively. There was no significant difference between both age groups with regard to caesarean delivery, birth weight above the 95th centile and neonatal hypoglycaemia.

Conclusion

In low-risk women, the prevalence of GDM is significantly lower in those aged less than 35 years. Diagnosing GDM had resulted in the increment of IOL in this group, although with no significant increase in maternal and neonatal morbidity.
The Role of Translation in the Revitalization Process of Minority Languages: The Case of Basque
Authors: Belmar Guillem
Published: February 2018

All literature reflects the existing discourse in a given community, and translation –as a process of rewriting texts– is a readily accessible tool which linguistic minorities can use to shift power dynamics in their society or, at least, suggest new paradigms and new discourses. In this paper we analyze the key role which translation plays in the cultural systems of minority languages and how translation helps revitalize these languages. The aim of the paper is to defend this key role of translation in the revitalization processes of all minority languages and, at the same time, to highlight the main obstacles one may come across and to try to establish some basic guidelines which may be applied throughout all these processes to maximize their results. Therefore, this paper deals with language standardization, language planning, choice of texts to translate, source languages of the translations, target audience of the translations, diglossia, actual bilingualism, language orientation in translations and the dichotomy between originals written in the language and translations. In order to do so, we will first picture the theoretical frame upon which this paper is based and we will go on to discuss translation into Basque. Finally, we will establish a set of guidelines for other minority languages.
Year of Intensive Language Learning, A Special Program to Rocket Hungarian Students’ Foreign Language Proficiency: A Success Story?
Authors: Öveges Enikő
Published: February 2018

Hungary has witnessed several major attempts to improve the foreign language proficiency of students in primary and secondary school education since the political changes of the 1990s, as both international and national surveys reflect a dramatically low ratio of Hungarian population that self-reports to communicate in any foreign language at any level. Among other initiatives, a major one to boost students’ foreign language competence has been the Year of Intensive Language Learning (YILL), introduced in 2004, which allows secondary schools to integrate an extra school year when the majority of the contact hours are devoted to foreign languages. The major objectives of YILL are as follows: 1) to offer a state-financed and school-based alternative to the widely spread profit-oriented private language tuition; thus 2) granting access to intensive language learning and 3) enhancing equal opportunities; and as a result of the supporting measures, 4) to improve school language education in general. YILL is exemplary in its being monitored from the launch of the first classes to the end of their five-year studies, involving three large-scale, mixed-method surveys and numerous smaller studies. Despite all the measures to assist the planning and the implementation, however, the program does not appear to be an obvious success. The paper introduces the background, reviews and synthesizes the related studies and surveys in order to evaluate the program, and argues that with more considerate planning, the YILL ‘hungaricum’ would yield significantly more benefits.
Belarusian Mentality in the Context of Intercultural Communication: Grounds or Pessimism and Optimism
Authors: Piniuta Iryna
Published: February 2018

The article is devoted to the consideration of the factors which influence intercultural communication of Belarusians with people who live in the countries bordering Belarus (Russia, Ukraine, Poland, Lithuania and Latvia) and some countries where English is used as the first official language (the UK, the USA, Canada, Australia and Ireland). The objectives of the research were: to compare cultures of people living in Belarus, in the bordering countries and in the English-speaking countries; to describe the characteristics of Belarusian mentality which presumably create cultural barriers; and to determine the factors that facilitate intercultural communication of Belarusians with people under consideration. The research was based on the dimensions of power distance, individualism, masculinity, uncertainty avoidance, long term orientation and indulgence (G. Hofstede). Using these criteria, the characteristics of Belarusian mentality were systematically presented; they include tolerance, collectivism, cautiousness, modesty, restraint, respect for traditions and pragmatism. The reflection of the distinctive features of the Belarusians’ outlook in proverbs and behaviour illustrates the differences which can presumably cause cross-cultural misunderstanding. Also, the factors which promote intercultural communication are highlighted. The results of the research may be used in intercultural training of postgraduate students and in-service specialists in education and business.
Analysis of Humour in Tv Series Friends and Its Translation Into Lithuanian
Authors: Korostenskienė Julija , Pakrosnytė Miglė
Published: February 2018

The present study examines humour in the tenth season of the TV sitcom Friends and its translation from English into Lithuanian. With humour often believed to be culture-specific, humour translation presents a notorious issue in translation practice, as jocular content in the target language is often criticised for being poor and vague. Grounded in Raskin’s (1985) theory of verbal humour and adopting Schjoldager’s (2008) inventory of translation microstrategies, the article examines the components and mechanisms of humour in the source language and analyses the strategies applied to humour translation, focusing on whether the intended humorous effect is preserved in the target language. The article also seeks to establish to what extent humour as used in Friends is culturedependent. The study was conducted at two levels. First, we briefly presented the essence of Raskin’s model of humour, which centres around the notions of script and incongruity, and later applied it to the selected series to identify and analyse the data in the source language. We then supplemented the findings with the identification of jokes in the target language and assessment of translation microstrategies employed in rendering humorous instances in Lithuanian. The findings of the study are believed to further the theoretical and practical domains of translation from English into Lithuanian in particular and, more broadly, contribute to the discussion on the culture-specific worldview.
New Book Chronicle
Authors: Lawrence Dan
Published: February 2018

Back in 2013, Rob Witcher, in his first NBC, mused on the future of academic publishing, and especially the potential impact of open access and e-books on traditional book reviews. Reading these lines five years later as incoming Reviews Editor, it is striking how little an impression e-books in particular have made on the market, and more generally how persistent print editions of both journals (includingAntiquity) and books have remained in the face of rapidly changing digital technologies. Sales of major e-reader brands have declined since their height in 2014, at least in the UK, and e-book sales have stabilised since then at around 25 per cent of all book purchases. AtAntiquity, we still receive upwards of 300 books per year, and send out over 120 to review across the six issues. NBC is an attempt to provide some critical perspective on a selection of the remaining books, many of which merit reviews in their own right but cannot be included for reasons of space. This section will continue in much the same manner as in the past, safe in the knowledge that, as Groucho Marx put it, ‘Outside of a dog, a book is a man's best friend . . .’ (the second half of the quotation is less relevant here but perhaps worth including—‘. . . inside of a dog, it's too dark to read’).
Bacterial-viral interactions in the sea surface microlayer of a black carbon-dominated tropical coastal ecosystem (Halong Bay, Vietnam)
Authors: Pradeep Ram A.S. , Mari X. , Brune J. , Torréton J.P. , Chu V.T. , Raimbault P. , Niggemann J. , Sime-Ngando T.
Published: February 2018

Increasing human activity has raised concerns about the impact of deposition of anthropogenic combustion aerosols (i.e., black carbon; BC) on marine processes. The sea surface microlayer (SML) is a key gate for the introduction of atmospheric BC into the ocean; however, relatively little is known of the effects of BC on bacteria-virus interactions, which can strongly influence microbially mediated processes. To study the impact of BC on bacteria-virus interactions, field investigations involving collection from the SML and underlying water were carried out in Halong Bay (Vietnam). Most inorganic nutrient concentrations, as well as dissolved organic carbon, were modestly but significantly higher (p = 0.02–0.05) in the SML than in underlying water. The concentrations of particulate organic carbon (though not chlorophyll a) and of total particulate carbon, which was composed largely of particulate BC (mean = 1.7 ± 6.4 mmol L–1), were highly enriched in the SML, and showed high variability among stations. On average, microbial abundances (both bacteria and viruses) and bacterial production were 2- and 5fold higher, respectively, in the SML than in underlying water. Significantly lower bacterial production (p < 0.01) was observed in the particulate fraction (>3 µm) compared to the bulk sample, but our data overall suggest that bacterial production in the SML was stimulated by particulate BC. Higher bacterial production in the SML than in underlying water supported high viral lytic infection rates (from 5.3 to 30.1%) which predominated over percent lysogeny (from undetected to 1.4%). The sorption of dissolved organic carbon by black carbon, accompanied by the high lytic infection rate in the black carbon-enriched SML, may modify microbially mediated processes and shift the net ecosystem metabolism (ratio of production and respiration) to net heterotrophy and CO2 production in this critical layer between ocean and atmosphere.
Unusual AIP mutation and phenocopy in the family of a young patient with acromegalic gigantism
Authors: Imran Syed Ali , Aldahmani Khaled A , Penney Lynette , Croul Sidney E , Clarke David B , Collier David M , Iacovazzo Donato , Korbonits Márta
Published: February 2018

Early-onset acromegaly causing gigantism is often associated with aryl-hydrocarbon-interacting receptor protein (AIP) mutation, especially if there is a positive family history. A15y male presented with tiredness and visual problems. He was 201 cm tall with a span of 217 cm. He had typical facial features of acromegaly, elevated IGF-1, secondary hypogonadism and a large macroadenoma. His paternal aunt had a history of acromegaly presenting at the age of 35 years. Following transsphenoidal surgery, his IGF-1 normalized and clinical symptoms improved. He was found to have a novel AIP mutation destroying the stop codon c.991T>C; p.*331R. Unexpectedly, his father and paternal aunt were negative for this mutation while his mother and older sister were unaffected carriers, suggesting that his aunt represents a phenocopy.

Learning points:

Typical presentation for a patient with AIP mutation with excess growth and eunuchoid proportions.

Unusual, previously not described AIP variant with loss of the stop codon.

Phenocopy may occur in families with a disease-causing germline mutation.
Medición de la gestión de la calidad universitaria: revisión bibliográfica
Authors: Pedraza-Nájar Ximena Lucía , Rodriguez-Rojas Yuber Liliana , Pérez Juárez Javier
Published: February 2018

Hablar de la calidad de la educación, es relacionarla con la excelencia y la competitividad de una comunidad educativa que tiene la necesidad de fortalecer e innovar sus procesos en un mundo de permanente cambio. La revisión bibliográfica realizada en ScienceDirect, ebrary, Emerald, EBSCO, Eric y Redalyc con un rango de búsqueda entre el año 2002 al 2016 permitió la consolidación de 11 dimensiones que integran 5 variables que inciden en la medición de la gestión de la calidad universitaria.
Depresión y ansiedad en cuidadores primarios en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño
Authors: Aranda-Paniora Franklin
Published: February 2018

Objetivo. Determinar la presencia de depresión y ansiedad en cuidadores primarios de pacientes pediátricos. Diseño. Estudio clínico, transversal, descriptivo. Lugar. Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú. Participantes. Cuidadores primarios de pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados. Intervenciones. Aplicación de la prueba de Goldberg para depresión, ansiedad y comorbilidad en 240 cuidadores primarios de pacientes pediátricos hospitalizados en el Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, entre 2014 y 2016. Resultados. El 87,5% de los cuidadores primarios presentaron síntomas de depresión y ansiedad: 13,5% ansiedad, 17% depresión y 57% comorbilidad; 12,5% no presentó trastorno alguno. Conclusiones. La frecuencia de ansiedad y depresión en cuidadores primarios de pacientes pediátricos es mayor que en la población general.
Ley caótica exponencial de los sistemas dinámicos cardiacos para evaluación del Holter: 16 horas
Authors: Rodríguez Javier , Jattin Jairo , Mendoza Fernán , Vásquez Juliana , Garrido Manuel Alejandro , Pallejá Catalina , Vitery Sarith , Felberman Rivka , Martinez Cristian , Avila Mario
Published: February 2018

Introducción. En un estudio previo se realizó una reducción a 16 horas en la evaluación de la ley exponencial de la dinámica cardiaca caótica, mostrando su efectividad en la caracterización de enfermedad y normalidad. Objetivo. Confirmar la aplicabilidad clínica de la ley matemática exponencial para evaluar la dinámica cardiaca caótica a partir de los registros Holter en 16 horas, observando su utilidad diagnóstica al disminuir su tiempo de evaluación. Diseño. Estudio observacional de corte trasversal donde se avaluó los parámetros electrocardiográficos mediante metodologías físico matemáticas inductivas con una confirmación estadística. Metodología. Se tomaron 100 registros Holter con diferentes tipos de patología, y 40 Holter que fueron diagnosticados como normales. Para cada Holter se construyó un atractor caótico, y midiendo sus espacios de ocupación y dimensión fractal se aplicó la evaluación matemática para diferenciar normalidad de enfermedad. Finalmente se realizaron medidas de concordancia diagnostica respecto al estándar de oro. Resultados. La ocupación espacial de todos los atractores estuvieron dentro de los valores esperados; los registros normales presentaron en la rejilla Kp valores entre 205 y 423. Para los registros con enfermedad aguda, estos valores oscilaron entre 21 y 65; y para los registros de enfermedad crónica estos valores estuvieron entre 104 y 195. Los valores de sensibilidad y especificidad fueron de 100% y el coeficiente Kappa fue de 1. Conclusión. El presente estudio muestra la aplicabilidad clínica de esta metodología para la evaluación en 16 horas de registros electrocardiográficos continuos o Holter.
Formación de biopelículas por Listeria monocytogenes aisladas de queso fresco de mercados del Cercado de Lima
Authors: Villanueva Diego , Salazar María
Published: February 2018

Introducción. Listeria monocytogenes, bacteria de importancia en salud pública por causar la listeriosis y sus graves consecuencias, se asocia al consumo de alimentos que durante su producción se pueden contaminar con bacterias que se liberan de biopelículas formadas en tuberías, superficies y equipos. Objetivo. Analizar muestras de queso fresco con el fin de aislar e identificar L. monocytogenes y evaluar su capacidad formadora de biopelículas en dos medios de cultivo. Diseño. Estudio experimental, prospectivo. Institución. Instituto de Investigación en Química Biológica, Microbiología y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Perú. Material. 75 muestras de queso fresco provenientes de diez mercados del Cercado de Lima. Métodos. En el análisis microbiológico se empleó metodologías del Manual de Bacteriología Analítica de la Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Para determinar la capacidad formadora de biopelículas se aplicó el método de microplaca descrito por Djordjevic modificado por Borucki. Se usó la prueba de Kruskal-Wallis. Principales medidas de resultados. Identificación de L. monocytogenes. Resultados. Se identificó L. monocytogenes en 14 muestras (18,7%), valor que representó un riesgo potencial para la salud de los consumidores. Se halló nueve cepas con capacidad de formar biopelículas que, según la densidad óptica a 595 nm, fueron clasificadas en formadoras débiles y moderadas, con diferencias significativas dependiendo del medio de cultivo utilizado, siendo el caldo infusión cerebro corazón (BHI) el más efectivo para esta bacteria. Conclusiones. Se identificó L. monocytogenes en 18,7% (14/75) de las muestras de quesos frescos adquiridas en 10 mercados del Cercado de Lima. De estas cepas, 64,3% (9/14) tuvieron capacidad formadora de biopelículas.
Lista de verificación que debe acompañar a todo trabajo remitido a la Revista Anales de la Facultad de Medicina
Authors: Pacheco-Romero José
Published: February 2018

Lista de verificación que debe acompañar a todo trabajo remitido a la Revista Anales de la Facultad de Medicina