bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of Nucleus Sterility Candidate Genes using a Resequencing Technique in Sweet Pepper Sterile Line AB91
Authors: Meng yaning , Yan Libin , Zhang Hongxiao , Fan Yanqin
Published: July 2021

Background:Breeding hybrids with nuclear malesterile lines is an important method for the cross breeding of sweet peppers. To date, few reports have been published on the nuclear malesterility gene of sweet pepper.Yet, there are approximately 20 pepper nuclear malesterility lines in the world. Results: Using the self-developed testing material, sweet pepper nuclear malesterile dual-purpose line AB91, the genome-wide resequencing technique was applied to firstly find that the mutation site causing the abortion of sweet pepper nuclear malesterility AB91 is on chromosome #5. The mutation gene Capana05g000747 was filtered out and validated by the flight mass spectrometry genotyping and quantitative real-time PCR method and determined to be the gene causing the abortion of sweet pepper nuclear male sterility AB91.The gene Capana05g000747 mutation site is a non-synonymous mutation site located at the 6th exon,the base C mutated into A, and the amino acid changed from alanine to serine. The three-dimensional protein structure of fertile and sterile plant Capana05g000747 was predicted. The results showed that the three-dimensional structure of the two proteins was differed significantly. Sequence alignment analysis showed that the gene Capana05g000747 has a similar function to gene At2g02148. The gene At2g02148 contains a pentatricopeptide repeatprotein which has important physiological functions in the gene expression process of organelles and is closely related to the performance of malesterility genes. Conclusions: This study revealed that Capana05g000747 was selected as an important candidate gene for sweet pepper nuclear male sterile testingmaterial AB91.This gene provides a theoretical and technical foundation for further cloning as well as transformation and utilization of the gene.
Host based Detection and Prevention of Black Hole attacks by AODV-ICCSO Algorithm for security in MANETs
Authors: P Sathyaraj , D Rukmani Devi , Kannan K
Published: July 2021

Background: Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (i.e.) MANETs are gaining rapid fame in recent days and are considered as very significant because of their easier implementation and growing property. Various types of attacks are prone to damage the networks due to the elastic property possessed by the network. And among different categories of attacks that can affect MANETs, black hole attack is considered as the commonly occurring one within a MANET. Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO) algorithm is one among the technique used for the detection of black hole attacks occurring in the MANETs. But the CSO algorithm possesses some disadvantages and necessity rises for overcoming the weakness in the CSO algorithm. Objective: Therefore, in this research paper, to address the black hole attack in MANET, an Improved Crossover Chicken Swarm Optimization (ICCSO) algorithm and the concept of Enhanced Partially-Mapped Crossover operation proposed and the best fitness values obtained. Methods: In ICCSO algorithm, parameter initialization is carried out in step 1 of the algorithm, where the attacked nodes and non-attack nodes are created separately with the aid of parameters like PDR (i.e.) Packet Delivery Ratio and RSSI (i.e.) Received Signal Strength Indicator. Further, If the node is affected by any attack, then the nodes are discarded and the data is transmitted through the non-attacked node. Routing is carried by a protocol of AODV.Results: The effectiveness of the algorithm proposed in the work is evaluated using various performance measures like packet delivery ratio (PDR), end-to-end delay (EED) and throughput. The performance measures are compared with a different state of the art routing protocols and it can be inferred that the proposed methodology comes up with improved results.
Investigating the performance of hydroponic nutrient solutions as potential draw solutions for fertilizer drawn forward osmosis
Authors: Bassiouny Mohamed , Nasr Peter , Sewilam Hani
Published: July 2021

This research project aims at investigating the performance of hydroponic nutrient solutions as draw solutions for desalination using the fertilizer drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) process. Six different lettuce and leafy greens hydroponic nutrient stock solutions were prepared according to the literature and used in this study and tested on a bench-scale forward osmosis unit as draw solutions for the process. The feed solution for the process was De-Ionized water mixed with NaCl in different concentrations, to represent different salinities of brackish groundwater. The draw efficiency of each solution was measured based on water flux, specific reverse solute flux, water recovery, and salt rejection. It was concluded that of the six tested nutrient solutions, the “Resh Florida, California” solution is the recommended solution to be used as draw solution for fertilizer drawn forward osmosis, due to its high performance in terms of water recovery (15.75%), flux (11 l/m2/h), salt rejection (92%) and SRSF (highest recorded SRSF for a specific ion (SO4 2−) was 7.3 g/l), as well as its low cost, relative to the other highly performing draw solution “Chekli” ($1.07/l vs. $3.73/l).
Role of Structural Specificity of ZnO Particles in Preserving Functionality of Proteins in their Corona
Authors: Singh Urvashi , Saifi Zeeshan , Kumar Mridul , Reimers Armin , Krishnananda Soami Daya , Adelung Rainer , Baum Martina
Published: July 2021

Reconfiguration of protein conformation in a micro and nano particle (MNP) protein corona due to interaction is an often-overlooked aspect in drug design and nano-medicine. Mostly, MNP-Protein corona studies focus on the toxicity of nano particles (NPs) in a biological environment to analyze biocompatibility. However, preserving functional specificity of proteins in an NP corona becomes critical for effective translation of nano-medicine. This paper investigates the non-classical interaction between insulin and ZnO MNPs using a classical electrical characterization technique at GHz frequency with an objective to understand the effect of the micro particle (MP) and nanoparticle (NP) morphology on the electrical characteristics of the MNP-Protein corona and therefore the conformation and functional specificity of protein. The MNP-Protein corona was subjected to thermal and enzymatic (papain) perturbation to study the denaturation of the protein. Experimental results demonstrate that the morphology of ZnO particles plays an important role in preserving the electrical characteristics of insulin.
Wideband High Gain Active Feedback Transimpedance Amplifier
Authors: Singh Preeti , Gupta Maneesha , Aggrawal Bhawna , rai shireesh kumar
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a new wideband high gain CMOS transimpedance amplifier without using any inductor. In the proposed TIA, gain enhancing path is introduced in the active voltage-current feedback TIA topology to increase both the gain and bandwidth. This path increases the transconductance of the proposed TIA which reduces the input resistance and leads to bandwidth extension. Additionally, for utilizing the benefit of this topology, cascading of common source stage is also done to increase the gain further without deteriorating the bandwidth. Mathematical analysis is also performed to evaluate both the gain and bandwidth enhancement. These analyses are supported by simulations that are done using TSMC 180 nm CMOS technology with the input photodiode capacitance of 0.3 pF. The proposed TIA occupies 0.019 mm2 area and consumes 3.2 mW from the power supply of 1.8 V. Simulation results show that the transimpedance gain of the proposed TIA is 57.15 dBΩ over the bandwidth of 6.5 GHz. The input noise is 17.16 pA/√Hz.
Game Theory-Based Power Allocation Strategy for NOMA in 5G Cooperative Beamforming
Authors: Fadhil Mohammed , Kelechi Anabi Hilary , Nordin Rosdiadee , Abdullah Nor Fadzilah , Ismail Mahamod
Published: July 2021

Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a Fifth Generation (5G) technique that allows many users to simultaneously access the same time–frequency separating channels via successive interference cancellation (SIC) receiver. Cooperative NOMA (CNOMA) is an effective tool to prevent performance degradation of far users by allocating minimal power to users with good channel conditions. In this paper, we proposed a fair power and channel allocation scheme based on the Nash bargaining solution (NBS) game solution in full-duplex, cooperative beamforming (BF) for multicarrier (MC) NOMA. The proposed NBS scheme assigns optimal power and channel allocation according to channel conditions while maintaining a fair rate amongst cooperative users. NBS provides a fair and optimum approach for maximizing the total rate of CNOMA. The signal-to-leakage (SLR) ratio precoding technique is considered as a design performance criterion for beamforming vector towards achieving power domain CNOMA players. Simulation results show that at BER = \({10}^{-5}\), the NBS power allocation (proposed scheme) improved by 2 dB in terms of Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)\(\), compared with the non-cooperative scheme, and 3 dB compared with the multiple-input multiple-output NOMA (MIMO-NOMA). In terms of fairness, the proposed NBS scheme shown a high level of fairness at 0.8401, compared to the other similar approaches in the literature.
Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Version of Breast Cancer and Lymphedema Symptom Experience Index.
Authors: Cachero-Rodriguez Judit , Menéndez-Aller Alvaro , Fernandez-Alvarez María del Mar , Llaneza-Folgueras Ana , Fu Mei , Martin-Payo Ruben
Published: July 2021

Aim: to translate and evaluate psychometric properties of the BCLE SEI Spanish version among Spanish-speaking breast cancer patients in Spain. Methods: cross-sectional, known-group comparison, and test-retest study design. To ensure the semantic equivalence and content validity, an integrative translation method was employed to translate the English version into Spanish. 286 patients were recruited, from 2018 to 2020, from the Asturias Central University Hospital, Spain. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest reliability, and factor analysis, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Results: No semantic modifications to items were needed. The Spanish version of the instrument demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha= 0.93–0.97) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.78 – 0.87, n = 29). A significant difference was observed between the lymphedema group and non-lymphedema group (p < 0.001) in terms of total scale, symptom occurrence (p < 0.001), symptom distress of physical-functional (p <0.001), and psychosocial dimension (p <0.001). Factor analysis for symptom occurrence revealed a unidimensional factor and two factors were identified in symptom distress factor, which explained 45.71% and 54.77% of the total sample variance, respectively. Conclusions: This study provided initial evidence to support the psychometric properties and patient acceptance of the BCLE SEI Spanish version.
Real-Time Flood Classification Forecasting Based on k-Means++ Clustering and Neural Network
Authors: Caihong Hu , Xueli Zhang , Changqing Li , Chengshuai Liu , Jinxing Wang , Shengqi Jian
Published: July 2021

Floods are one of the most dangerous disasters that affect human beings. Timely and accurate flood forecasting can effectively reduce losses to human life and property as well as improve the utilization rate of flood resources. In this study, an F-K++ real-time flood classification forecasting framework based on k-means++, principal component analysis, and backpropagation (BP) neural network was constructed using the Jingle sub-basin, a tributary of the Yellow River Basin, as the study area. The model parameters of different flood types were obtained, and a flood classification and predictions were made based on the mature M-EIES model applied in the study area. The relationship between the hydrological model parameters and hydrological characteristics of the different flood types was analyzed. The results show that the flood real-time classification framework established in this study can be used for flood classifications and predictions in real time. The parameters of the flood classification and prediction model were consistent with the characteristics of the flood events. Compared with unclassified predictions, the accuracy of the classification and prediction models significantly improved. The Nash coefficient increased by 5%–11.62%, the relative error of the average flood peak was reduced by 6.08%–12.7%, the relative error of average flood volume was reduced by 5.74%–8.07%, and the time difference of the average peak was reduced by 43%–66%. The methodology proposed in this study can identify extreme flood events and provide scientific support for flood classifications and predictions, flood control and disaster reduction in river basins, and the efficient utilization of water resources.
Reducing Buffering Delay Using Memory Arbitration Mechanism for IPTV Based Applications
Authors: S Cammillus , S Shanmugavel
Published: July 2021

High-speed communication needs high data transfer capacity and low latency, which are the key parameters of high-speed communication. Converging different applications such as IPTV to high-speed networks requires high transmission capacity and low delay with good QoS. Delays related to IPTV are video buffering, synchronization, and switching delay that obstructs the client's excellent quality assistance. In an application like IPTV, the video signals are buffered (happened to be in near end routers), and they are recombined for the client when it is asserted. To achieve the above stated, memory banks are deployed in a set top box that is used to buffer the video signals that enter in, thereby reducing expected delay. Playback mechanism is also included along with the proposed model to accomplish a better outcome. Proposed RTL schematic design was simulated using Verilog, executed in Model Sim – Altera 10.1b (Quartus II 12.1 edition) and Cadence 5.
Gravity cells as a necessary link in string theory. Energy and frequency of vibrations of gravitational strings. Obtaining a formula for determining the gravitational constant and a formula for determining the mass of an electron. The coincidence of the results obtained with the experimental data.
Authors: Chernov Andrey
Published: July 2021

In this study, a new concept is introduced - gravitational cells. The body of a black hole consists of a huge number of such cells. This hypothesis from particle physics has been organically built into string theory. As a result of this addition, using the Schwarzschild radius formula and the Coulomb formula, a formula for the gravitational constant in the region of black holes was obtained on the basis of two fundamental constants: the speed of light and elementary charge.Its value has been determined, and the value of the usual gravitational constant has been confirmed. In this study, the mass of the gravitational cell of a black hole was obtained.The introduction of the hypothesis of gravitational cells into string theory allowed us to apply Planck's formula to gravitational interaction. As a result, the formula for the quantum of the gravitational field was obtained, the frequency of vibrations of gravitational strings was determined. It was proved that the ratio of the energy of the gravitational quantum to the fourfold value of the Planck constant is directly proportional to the ratio of the masses of the electron and the proton inside the gravitational cell (inside the atom). On this basis, a formula for the mass of an electron was obtained on the basis of three fundamental constants. The electron mass calculated by the formula coincided with the known experimental value.
A Laboratory-Scale Study of Residential Greywater Treatment with Sugarcane in a Constructed Wetland
Authors: Boopathi Nandhagopal , Kadarkarai Rajeshkumar
Published: July 2021

Water recycling is essential to reduce water scarcity in India due to population growth. Water for consumption is most crucial, it is equally important to provide water for irrigation to increase food production and livestock husbandry, to ensure food security for the increasing population. This paper deals with recycling and reuse of residential greywater (Wastewater from bathtubs, showers, hand washing basins and washing machines, kitchen sinks except for wastewater from toilet flushing system). In domestic wastewater 2/3 of wastewater is considered greywater. This greywater can be treated and reused for gardening, flushing, construction purposes, etc. Conventional treatment systems are highly sensitive and necessitate good monitoring and efficient process control. Hence, the natural wastewater treatment options such as treatment using aquatic plants are becoming quite attractive in this view. In this study, the sugarcane variety of CO86032 and CO 15027 were used for phytoremediation. Coarse aggregate (20 mm), Brick jelly (20 mm), and Red soil mixed with Coir pith (1/3 volume-based) were used as filter material of laboratory-scale constructed subsurface wetland system having size 0.92 m, 0.61 m, and 0.45 m of length, breadth, and depth respectively. The removal efficiency of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and Total Nitrogen (TN) was 77–89%, 66–81%, 70–91%, and 68–84% achieved during a retention time of 2 hours to 48 hours.
Dietary Triggers of Gut Inflammation Following Exclusive Enteral Nutrition in Children with Crohn’s Disease: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gkikas Konstantinos , Logan Michael , Nichols Ben , Ijaz Umer Z. , Clark Clare M. , Svolos Vaios , Gervais Lisa , Duncan Hazel , Garrick Vikki , Curtis Lee , Buchanan Elaine , Cardigan Tracey , Armstrong Lawrence , Delahunty Caroline , Flynn Diana M. , Barclay Andrew R. , Tayler Rachel , Milling Simon , Hansen Richard , Russell Richard K. , Gerasimidis Konstantinos
Published: July 2021

Objectives:The anti-inflammatory effect of exclusive enteral nutritionon thegut of children with Crohn’s disease is rapidly lost after food reintroduction. This study assessed disease dietary triggers following successful treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition.Methods: Nutrient intake, dietary patterns and dietary biomarkers in faeces (gluten immunogenic peptides, undigestible starch, short chain fatty acids) were assessed in 14 children with Crohn’s disease during early food reintroduction, following exclusive enteral nutrition. Groups above (Group A) and below (Group B) the median levels of faecal calprotectin after food reintroduction were assigned for comparative analysis. Results:Intakes of fibre, gluten-containing cereals and red and processed meat were significantly higher in Group A than Group B;(median [Q1, Q3], grams; Fibre: 12.1 [11.2, 19.9] vs 9.9 [7.6, 12.1], p=0.03; Red and processed meat: 151 [66.7, 190] vs 63.3[21.7, 67], p=0.02; gluten-containing cereals: 289 [207, 402] vs 203 [61, 232], p=0.035). A diet consisting ofcereals and meat products was predictive (92% accuracy) of higher faecal calprotectin levels after food reintroduction. In faeces, butyrate levels, expressed as absolute concentration and relative abundance,were higher in Group A than Group B by 28.4 μmol/g (p=0.015)and 6.4% (p=0.008), respectively.Levels of gluten immunogenic peptide and starch in faeces did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions:This pilot study identified potential dietary triggers of gut inflammation in children with Crohn’s disease after food reintroduction following treatment with exclusive enteral nutrition.Trial registration: Clinical trials.gov registration number: NCT02341248; Clinical trials.gov URL:https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02341248 (retrospectively registered)
Offline rTMS of the primary and premotor cortices does not impact motor sequence memory consolidation despite modulation of corticospinal excitability
Authors: Psurek Felix , King Bradley Ross , Classen Joseph , Rumpf Jost-Julian
Published: July 2021

Motor skills are acquired and refined across alternating phases of practice (online) and subsequent consolidation in the absence of further skill execution (offline). Both stages of learning are sustained by dynamic interactions within a widespread motor learning network including the premotor and primary motor cortices. Here, we aimed to investigate the role of the dorsal premotor cortex (dPMC) and its interaction with the primary motor cortex (M1) during motor memory consolidation. Forty-eight healthy human participants (age 22.1 ± 3.1 years) were assigned to three different groups corresponding to different offline repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) interventions. 1Hz rTMS of either left dPMC, left M1, or sham rTMS was applied immediately after explicit motor sequence training with the right hand. Motor evoked potentials were recorded before training and after rTMS to assess changes of corticospinal excitability (CSE). Participants were retested on the motor sequence after eight hours to assess consolidation. While CSE was not modulated in the sham rTMS group, post-training rTMS increased and decreased CSE when targeting dPMC and M1, respectively. However, all groups demonstrated similar significant offline learning over the day indicating that offline consolidation was not modulated by the post-training rTMS interventions despite evidence of an interaction of dPMC and M1 at the level of CSE. Motor memory consolidation ensuing explicit motor sequence training seems to be a rather robust process that is not affected by rTMS-induced perturbations of dPMC or M1. Findings further indicate that consolidation of explicitly acquired motor skills is neither mediated nor reflected by post-training CSE.
Effect and Implementation Experience of Intensive Adherence Counseling in A Public Hiv Care Center in Uganda: A Mixed-methods Study
Authors: Lukyamuzi Zubair , Etajak Samuel , Katairo Thomas , Mukunya David , Tetui Moses , Ssenyonjo Aloysius , Wanyenze Rhoda
Published: July 2021

Background: Non-adherence to anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is responsible for up to 75% of the unsuppressed viral load among people living with HIV (PLWH) on ART. Intensive adherence counseling (IAC) is an intervention recommended by the World Health Organization to improve adherence. In 2016, the Ugandan Ministry of Health introduced IAC to improve viral load suppression. This study evaluated the effect and experiences of providing IAC in an urban HIV care center in Kampala, Uganda.Methods: This was a sequential explanatory mixed-method study that compared viral load suppression in the period with IAC intervention to a period without IAC at Kisenyi Health centre IV. Data were abstracted from patient files. The effect on viral load suppression of IAC and associated factors was analyzed using modified Poisson regression with robust standard errors. Using in-depth interviews and an inductive analysis approach in Atlas. ti, we also explored experiences of providing IAC among healthcare workers. Results: A total of 500 records were sampled: 249(49.8%) in the intervention period and 251(51.2%) in the pre-intervention period. The mean age of clients was 34.8 years (SD±12.8), and 326/500 (65.2%) were females. Majority were on a Lopinavir/ritonavir based regimen [314 (62.8%)], and the median duration on ART was 30.8 months (IQR: 12.5–51.7). Over the intervention period, all eligible clients received IAC [249/249 (100.0%)]. Of those, 143 (44.1%) achieved viral load suppression compared to 46 (26.3%) in the pre-intervention period. Receiving IAC significantly increased viral load suppression by 22% (aPR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01–1.47). Participants on Lopinavir/ritonavir-based regimen were less likely to suppress (aPR= 0.11, 95%CI: 0.08–0.15) than those on Efavirenz or Nevirapine based regimens. All the interviewed healthcare workers lauded IAC for improving ART adherence. However, non-disclosure, social-economic constraints, lack of a multidisciplinary team and work overload hindered adherence during IAC. Conclusions: The full potential of IAC in achieving viral suppression in this setting has not been reached, probably due to a combination of the health care system and patient-related factors. Provision of adequate IAC necessities and use of patient centered approach during IAC should be emphasized to obtain the maximum benefit of IAC.
A Case of Picking Calcified Plaque In The Common Femoral Artery With A Long Needle: The “Calc-Pick Technique”
Authors: Iwasaki Yoshihiro , Hirano Shojiro , Funatsu Atsushi , Kobayashi Tomoko , Nakamura Shigeru , Ikeda Takanori
Published: July 2021

An 88-year-old male had intermittent claudication of his right leg. Angiography revealed severely calcified plaque in the common femoral artery. Endovascular treatment was performed by contralateral approach. We attempted to penetrate the center of the calcified plaque and perform balloon dilatation. However, a 0.014-inch stiff guidewire could not enter center of the lesion. Thus, we used a inner cylinder of 15-cm 20G long needle directly through the retrograde femoral sheath and successfully introduce the guidewire into the calcified plaque. Crosser and balloon dilatation resulted 50% stenosis. To cross the center of calcified plaque is important to get sufficient lumen gain at the nonstenting zone.
Suberoylanilide Hydroxamic Acid (SAHA) Treatment Reveals Crosstalk Among Proteome, Phosphorylome and Acetylome in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells
Authors: Huang Huichao , Fu Ying , Zhang Ye , Peng Fang , Lu Miaolong , Chen Zhuchu , Li Maoyu , Chen Yongheng
Published: July 2021

Suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), as a famous histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, has been utilized in clinical treatment for cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Previously the mechanisms underlying SAHA anti-tumor mainly focused on acetylome. However, the characteristics of SAHA in terms of other protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) and the crosstalk between various modifications are poorly understood. Our previous work revealed that SAHA has the anti-tumor activity in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) cells as well. In this study, we reported that the profiles of global proteome, acetylome and phosphorylome of 5-8F cells upon SAHA induction and the crosstalk between these data sets. Overall, we detected and quantified 6491 proteins, 2456 phosphorylated proteins and 228 acetylated proteins toward SAHA treatment in 5-8F cells. In addition, we identified 46 proteins which all exhibited both acetylation and phosphorylation. With the aid of intensive bioinformatics analyses, multiple cellular processes and signaling pathways involved in tumorigenesis and metabolism were clustered, including TCA cycle, glycolysis, EGFR signaling and Myc signaling pathways. Taken together, this study highlighted the interconnectivity of acetylation and phosphorylation signaling networks and suggested SAHA may influent cellular response by affecting both types of protein modifications in 5-8F cells. Further our work also paved the way for the predictive and personalized treatment of NPC patients.
Exploring Corticomuscular Coupling During Active and Passive Movements using Electroencephalography and Surface Electromyography
Authors: Wang Junhong , Zhuo zihao , Wang Ting , Kong Wanzeng , Wang Huijiao , Xue Anke , Xi Xugang
Published: July 2021

Purpose The rehabilitation training of stroke patients based on their movement intentions can improve their chances of recovery because movement intention affords greater integration of the brain and muscle functions during training. Against this backdrop, in this study, we acquired the electroencephalography (EEG) and surface electromyography (sEMG) data related to the grasping movements of 14 healthy subjects in the active- and passive-movement modes to explore corticomuscular coupling in these modes. Methods Transfer entropy (TE) was calculated between EEG and EMG signals in different frequency bands. We also calculated the power spectral density (PSD) of EEG signals. In order to study the transmission of information between different brain regions, we also constructed a corticomuscular network (CMN) , and calculated various network metrics using graph theory.Results The power spectral density of active movement in the beta band was significantly greater than that of passive movement, and the spectral power ratio of the beta and alpha bands also increases. TE value of active movement was significantly higher than that of passive movement. The corticomuscular network metrics between these two movement modes were different.Conclusion Movement intention has a great influence on human movement. Active movement enhances the information interaction between brain regions and muscles, and higher information-transmission efficiency.
Rosaceae Rubus Rosifolius Smith: Nutritional, Bioactive And Antioxidant Potential Of Unconventional Fruits
Authors: Jansen-Alves Cristina , Pereira Juliana , Otero Deborah M. , Zambiazi Rui Carlos
Published: July 2021

Porpuse: Rubus are economically important fruits, being highly valued for their taste and medicinal properties, for which it is estimated that there are between 400 to 700 species but many of them are still unknown by the population. Methods: The literature does not present much information regarding the physicochemical, bioactive composition and antioxidant activity of Rosaceae Rubus rosifolius Smith and for this reason this research was carried out. Results: The fruits presented low content of lipids (7.42%) and ash (0.27%), intermediate values of protein (11.54%), and with considerable content fiber (23.72%) and carbohydrates (59.18%), low acidity, and interesting values of soluble solids. Regarding bioactive compounds, good concentrations of phenolic compounds (289.4 (mg. g− 1 EAG), flavonoids (155 mg100g− 1), anthocyanins (120.11 mg cyanidin-3-glucoside 100g− 1) and phytoene (517.3 mg100g− 1). Conclusion: The wild strawberry showed good antioxidant capacity verified by different methods of analysis. Given the findings of this research, it is observed that this fruit has nutritional and phytochemical potential to be inserted in the human diet and therefore its consumption should be encouraged.
Cross-Sectional Household Transmission Study of Cryptosporidium Shows that C. Hominis Infections are A Key Risk Factor for Spread.
Authors: McKerr Caoimhe , Chalmers Rachel M , Elwin Kristin , Jones Heather , Vivancos Roberto , O’Brien Sarah J , Christley Robert M
Published: July 2021

BackgroundInfection with the Cryptosporidium parasite causes over 4,000 cases of diagnosed illness (cryptosporidiosis) in England and Wales each year. The incidence of sporadic disease has not been sufficiently established, and how frequently this arises from contact with other infected people is not well documented.This project aimed to explore potential transmission in the home and attempt to identify asymptomatic infections, which might play a role in transmission. Risk factors and characteristics associated with spread of infection in the home were described including any differences between Cryptosporidium species.MethodsThe study identified cryptosporidiosis cases from North West England and Wales over a year and invited them and their household to take part. Each household was sent a study pack containing study information and a questionnaire, and stool sample kits to provide samples from consenting household members. Cryptosporidium-positive stool samples, identified by immunofluorescence microscopy, were characterised using molecular methods to help describe any patterns of transmission. Characteristics of households with and without additional cases were described, and compared using odds ratios (OR) and a multivariable logistic regression identified independent risk factors for household transmission. Data collection ran for one year, beginning in September 2018 with an initial pilot phase. ResultsWe enrolled 128 index cases and their households.Additional illness occurred in over a quarter of homes, each reporting an average of two additional cases. The majority of these were undiagnosed and unreported to surveillance. This burden was even greater in households where the index case was infected with C. hominis versus C. parvum, or the index case was under five years old, with mums and siblings most at risk of secondary infection. Only having an index case of C. hominis was independently associated with transmission in the multivariable model (OR= 4.46; p=0.01).ConclusionsCryptosporidium was a considerable burden in the home. At-risk homes were those where the index was less than five years old and/or infected with C. hominis. Of particular risk were female caregivers and siblings. Hygiene advice should be specifically directed here.This work provides evidence for humans as sources of C. hominis infection and that person-person is a key pathway. We recommend that all stools submitted for the investigation of gastrointestinal pathogens are tested for Cryptosporidium to better capture cases, inclusion of speciation data in routine surveillance, and the consideration of specific clinical advice on prevention for high-risk homes.
NSUN6 as a Key RNA Methylation Regulator in Colon Cancer
Authors: Zhao Qian , Sun Zhao , Li Hongyi , Li Jingyi , Chen Fengmei , Wang Muxi , Jiang Hongqiang , Sun Tongwen , Liu Zhangsuo , Fu Yang , Yang Jing-Hua
Published: July 2021

Background

RNA methylation plays an important role in epigenetic modifications, which involves in the regulation of RNA processing, stability and translation. While the cross-talking and the mechanism of multi-type RNA methylation in colon cancer needs further investigation. Here we report the comprehensive analysis of the RNA methylation regulators for N6-methyladenosine, N1-metylasdenosine and 5-methylcytosine in the tumorigenesis and progression of colon cancer.
Methods

The mRNA expression and genetic mutation of 40 RNA modification regulators in patients with colon cancer were obtained from TCGA and GEO database. Consensus clustering is applied to classify the patients based on the regulator expression. The patients with different survival rates are examined for their gene mutations, biological pathways, and immune properties. The regulators with the highest vimp score are identified to be important for survival using the improved random forest analysis method. Biopsy samples from 108 patients are used to validate the key regulators using tissue microarray and specific antibodies. Finally, the mechanism underlying the methylation regulators is further examined by GSVA and correlation analysis.
Results

The patients are clearly clustered into two groups with different survivals. The patients with the worse survival are correlated with dysregulated KRAS signaling, hypoxia and immune responses. They are also prone to increased stromal scores and myeloid-derived suppressor cells. Markedly, m5C methyltransferase NSUN6 is identified as the most significant regulator for prognosis. The upregulated expression of NSUN6 is further proved in 108 patients by immunohistochemistry and tissue array, suggesting its association with better prognosis and lower tumor staging. Bioinformatic analysis indicates that NSUN6 enhances the expression of E3 ubiquitin ligase FBXW7, activates ubiquitin-proteolysis and suppresses oncogene expression.
Conclusions

Patients with colon cancer are clearly clustered into different survivals by RNA methylation regulators, and the worse prognosis is relevant to dysregulated KRAS signaling, hypoxia and immune response. NSUN6 is found to prolong the survival and strongly correlated with FBXW7 that reduces the oncogene expression and activates the ubiquitin-proteolysis.
Association of Residential Proximity to the Coast With Incident Myocardial Infarction: a Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: dong zhuang xiao , zhao zhang shao , xun hu , xue liao xin , zhen liao li
Published: July 2021

BackgroundLittle is known about how the residential distance to the coast is associated with incident myocardial infarction (MI) and which mechanisms may explain the association. We aim to explore this association using data from a prospective, population-based cohort with unprecedented sample size and broad geographical coverage.MethodsThree hundred seventy-seven thousand three hundred forty participants from the UK Biobank were included. Results4,059 MI occurred during median 8.0 years follow-up. Using group (<1 km) as reference, group (20-50 km) was associated with a lower risk of MI (hazard ratio, HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.64-0.98) and a U-shaped relation between distance to the coast and MI was shown with the low-risk interval between 32 km and 64 km (Pnonlinear=0.0012). Using participants of the intermediate region (32-64 km) as a reference, participants of the offshore region (<32 km) and inland region (>64 km) were both associated with a higher risk of incident MI (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.21 and HR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18, respectively). HR for offshore region (<32 km) was larger in subgroup with low total physical activity (<24 hours/week) (HR 1.24, 95% CI 1.09-1.42, Pinteraction= 0.043). HR for inland region (>64 km) was larger in subgroup in urban area (HR 1.12, 95% CI 1.03-1.22, Pinteraction=0.065) and in subgroup of high nitrogen dioxide air pollution (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.11-1.50, Pinteraction=0.021).ConclusionWe found a U-shaped association between residential distance to the coast and incident MI, and the association was modified by physical activity, population density, and air pollution.
Modeling of Mitral Chordae’s Length In Echocardiography As A Function of Their Manual Measurement In The Operating Room
Authors: GUN Mesut , BARRY Misbaou , BOHBOT Yohann , TRIBOUILLOY Christophe , TOUATI Gilles
Published: July 2021

ObjectiveIn mitral insufficiency, trans-esophageal echocardiography (TEE) analysis of the mitral valve is an indispensable and irreplaceable examination to establish precisely the type of surgical repair to be performed and the exact length of neo-chordae to be used for an anatomical repair. The aim of our study is to find a predictive model of the Echographic Measurement (EM) variable according to the Manual Measurement (MM) variable of the mitral valve chordae, when the echocardiography measurement is not feasible.Patients and methodsThis is a retrospective study on 191 patients undergoing mitral valve repair. The sex ratio (M/F) is 2.13 (130 men and 61 women). The collection of data of mitral chordae measurements performed echographically in preoperatively conditions, and then manually in intraoperatively conditions from January 2008 to December 2016 was made from the medical records of patients at the cardiology and cardiac surgery department of the University Hospital Center of Amiens in Picardy. ResultsFor this study 191 patients of mean age of 68 ± 13 years were included. The averages of the MM and EM of the mitral chordae were respectively 23 ± 2.5 mm and 24 ± 2.4 mm. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.897 (p-value <10⁻⁴) showing a strong positive correlation between MM and EM. The results of the linear regression allow us to found the following mathematical model : EM = 0.87x MM + 4.ConclusionsWhen patients have a contraindication to transesophageal echocardiography or when TEE is not feasible, manual measurement is performed during the surgery. By using the values obtained (MM) in the model, it is possible to predict the corresponding echographic measurements. This allows us to achieve the mitral tendinous chordae substitution with a very high precision.Trial registrationRetrospectively registered.
Effects of OK-432 Chemical Pleurodesis for Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Zhang Kai , Wang Weibin , Wu Weibin , Wu Yonghui , Chen Huiguo , Li Xiaojun , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2021

Background
Ipsilateral recurrence rate of primary spontaneous pneumothorax after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery is higher than that after open surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of additional OK-432 pleurodesis after pleural abrasion for primary spontaneous pneumothorax patients.
Methods
This is a case-control study enrolling a total of 254 patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. 130 patients underwent blebs resection and pleural abrasion in the control group. 124 patients were enrolled in the OK-432 group, in which 1 Klinische Einheit of OK-432 was injected into thoracic cavity after surgery.
Resuts
: Patients demonstrated a trend of decreased rate of prolonged air leak in the OK-432 group (2.42% vs 19.23%, p < 0.001). After a median follow-up of 36 months (range, 2–69 months), the rate of ipsilateral pneumothorax recurrence was lower in the OK-432 group than it in control group (p = 0.023). OK-432 pleurodesis is the most important factor reducing the risk of recurrence (relative risk: 0.13, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.02 to 1.03)), and prolonged air leak patients had an increased risk of recurrence (relative risk: 11.69; 95% CI: 3.41 to 40.04).
Conclusion
OK-432 pleurodesis after pleural abrasion can reduce the risk of recurrence. OK-432 pleurodesis is a safe and effective method for reducing the rate of postoperative air leak and ipsilateral recurrence after thoracoscopic surgery.
Evolutionary and Expression Analysis of CAMTA Gene Family in Three Species (Arabidopsis, Maize and Tomato), and Gene Expression in Response to Developmental Stages
Authors: Saidi Abbas , Hajibarat Zohreh
Published: July 2021

The calmodulin-binding transcriptional activator (CAMTA) family has been known to be one of the fast responsive stress proteins. In this study, 17 CAMTA genes were selected in Arabidopsis, tomato and maize. The chromosomal distributions, gene structures, duplication patterns, phylogenetic tree, and developmental stage of the 17 CAMTA genes in the three species were analyzed to further investigate their functions. According to the synteny analysis, CAMTA genes of maize and tomato revealed higher similarity with each other as compared with Arabidopsis. A higher than 90 percent identity was observed between maize CAMTA genes (ZmCAMTA2 and ZmCAMTA3) and tomato CAMTA genes (SlCAMTA4, SlCAMTA4.1). To detect expression levels in different plant tissues, mRNA analysis of CAMTA genes were performed using publicly available expression data in the genvestigator. The aim of study was to identify and characterize CAMTA genes in three species, for the first time, via insilico genome-wide analysis approach. AtCAMTA1 and AtCAMTA2 and SlCAMTA2 and ZmCAMTA1 and ZmCAMTA2 genes were up-regulated during all developmental stages. The conserved motifs and gene structure in most proteins in each group were similar, validating the CAMTA phylogenetic classification. This study could be considered as a useful source for future CAMTA comparative studies in different plant species.
Surgical Management of a Giant Right Coronary Aneurysm Presenting As An Inferior ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Wiesner Joshua George , Schmidt Matthew A , Roitstein Alexander
Published: July 2021

Background: A coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) is an uncommon finding, which can have several different cardiac presentations including an ischemic event or cardiac mass. If ruptured, a CAA can create a surgical emergency. Case Presentation: A 79-year-old white male presented for evaluation of weakness. His ECG suggested acute inferior myocardial ischemia. Coronary angiography revealed a totally occluded mid portion of the right coronary artery (RCA) with suggestion of an aneurysmal segment. This was confirmed by computed tomographic imaging. After consideration of all options, the patient elected to underdo surgical intervention. The patient underwent removal of thrombotic material and a single vessel coronary bypass graft to the posterior descending artery. He had an uneventful post-operative course and recovered well. Conclusions: A CAA can be a surgical emergency. In the following case, additional imaging and time allowed the surgical team to plan for surgical intervention. There is no uniform management for CAA, however, surgical intervention is often the strategy of choice, the specifics of which are dictated by each individual case.
Effect of Intravenous Cell Therapy In Rats With Old Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Tang Xian-Liang , Wysoczynski Marcin , Gumpert Anna M. , Li Yan , Wu Wen-Jian , Li Hong , Stowers Heather , Bolli Roberto
Published: July 2021

Mounting evidence shows that cell therapy provides therapeutic benefits in experimental and clinical settings of chronic heart failure. However, direct cardiac delivery of cells via transendocardial injection is logistically complex, expensive, entails risks, and is not amenable to multiple dosing. Intravenous administration would be a more convenient and clinically applicable route for cell therapy. Thus, we determined whether intravenous infusion of three widely used cell types improves left ventricular (LV) function and structure and compared their efficacy. Rats with a 30-day-old myocardial infarction (MI) received intravenous infusion of vehicle (PBS) or 1 of 3 types of cells: bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), cardiac mesenchymal cells (CMCs), and c-kit-positive cardiac cells (CPCs), at a dose of 12x106 cells. Rats were followed for 35 days after treatment to determine LV functional status by serial echocardiography and hemodynamic studies. Blood samples were collected for Hemavet analysis to determine inflammatory cell profile. LV ejection fraction (EF) dropped ≥20 points in all hearts at 30-day after MI and deteriorated further at 35-day follow-up in the vehicle-treated group. In contrast, deterioration of EF was halted in rats that received MSCs and attenuated in those that received CMCs or CPCs. None of the 3 types of cells significantly altered scar size, myocardial content of collagen or CD45-positive cells, or Hemavet profile. This study demonstrates that a single intravenous administration of 3 types of cells in rats with chronic ischemic cardiomyopathy is effective in attenuating the progressive deterioration in LV function. The extent of LV functional improvement was greatest with CPCs, intermediate with CMCs, and least with MSCs.
The Neutral Protease Immobilization: Physical Characterization of Sodium Alginate-chitosan Gel Beads
Authors: Bai Yuan , Wu Wei
Published: July 2021

Sodium alginate and chitosan were cross-linked to form composite gel spheres, which were entrapped to immobilize the free neutral protease. The matrix of the immobilized neutral protease was detected and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Energy Dispersive X-Ray. The optimum immobilization conditions were determined by orthogonal test, the sodium alginate was 3.5%, CaCl2 was 2.5%, chitosan was 2.5%, and immobilizing time was 1.5h. Meanwhile, the activities of immobilized neutral protease and free enzyme were compared. The results showed that the pH value of immobilized enzyme was 5-8, the relative activity was above 90%, the free enzyme was above 80%, the relative activity of immobilized enzyme was above 80% in 30 °C -80 °C, the free enzyme was above 64% in 40-80 °C. The immobilized enzyme is better than the free enzyme in the stability of pH and thermal. The relative activity of immobilized enzyme was 50% after six hydrolysis cycles, and 80% after 11 days of storage.