bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Döviz Kuru Fiyat Geçiş Etkisi İçin Ampirik Bir Analiz: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: YILDIRIM Koray
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada Türkiye ekonomisinde döviz kurunun üretici ve tüketici fiyatları üzerindeki etkisi analiz edilmiştir. Döviz kurundaki geçiş etkisi (pass through effect) döviz değerindeki değişikliklerin ithalat yoluyla yurtiçi fiyatlara yansıması olgusudur. Çalışmada VAR (vector autoregression) metodu ile döviz kurunda değerlenme ve volatilitenin belirgin bir şekilde artış gösterdiği (2008:1-2018:12) dönemi analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen temel bulgu geçiş etkisinin üretici ve tüketici fiyatları üzerindeki etkisi kısa ve uzun dönemde farklılaşmaktadır. Geçiş etkisi kısa dönemde üfe’de daha fazla gözlemlenmiştir. Diğer yandan uzun dönemde ise tüfe’de daha etkili olmuştur. Türk Lirasındaki aşırı değer kaybı yurtiçi malların dış piyasalara göreli olarak ucuz hale gelmesine sebep olmuştur. Bu durumda iç talebe ek olarak dış taleple birlikte enflasyonist baskı artış göstermiştir. Türk Lirasındaki aşırı değer kaybının ithalatı pahalı hale getirmesi ise ithal edilen üretim faktörlerinin yurtiçinden ikame edilmesine neden olarak ithalat talebini azaltmıştır. Bu süreç sonucunda geçiş etkisi üretici fiyatlarında sınırlı kalmıştır. Türkiye gibi potansiyelinin üzerinde bir büyümeyi cari açıkla sağlayan gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde döviz kuru büyümeyi ve dış dengeyi belirleyici bir faktör haline gelmektedir. Fiyat geçiş etkisindeki artış ihracata dayalı büyüme stratejisinin temel dinamiği olan üretim artışını sekteye uğratmıştır. Diğer yandan küreselleşmeyle birlikte ekonomiler arasındaki entegrasyon hızlanmış ve milli gelire atfedilen değer satınalma gücü paritesi üzerinden değerlendirilmeye başlanmıştır. Sonuç olarak ihracat miktarsal bazda artış gösterse de satınalma gücü paritesi anlamında ihracattan sağlanan reel gelir azalmıştır.
Educational policy in Nigerian: Challenges of Implementation and Ways Forward
Authors: Ogunode Niyi Jacob  , Adah Samuel
Published: January 2021

This paper examines the challenges facing the implementation of educational policies in Nigeria. Secondary data were used in the papers. The secondary data were sourced from print materials and online journal and articles. The paper identified inadequate funding, inadequate infrastructural facilities, inadequate professional teachers, institutional corruption, lack of political will, insecurity challenge, lack of continuity in commitment to policy implementation, political instability, poor policy formulation, poor relationship between policy designer and policy implementer as challenges preventing effective implementation of educational policies in Nigeria. To address these challenges, the papers recommends the following; adequate funding of education, provision of adequate infrastructural facilities, fight institutional corruption, ensure adequate security in educational institutions, political officeholders should have positive political will towards implementation of educational policies, employment of more professional teachers, positive relationship between policy designers and policy implementer and political officeholders should have political will to continue with educational policies.
Arima forecasting of the prevalence of anemia in children in Sierra Leone
Authors: Smartson. P. NYONI  , Thabani NYONI
Published: January 2021

Using annual time series data on the prevalence of anemia in children under 5 years of age in Sierra Leone from 1990 – 2016, the study makes predictions for the period 2017 – 2025. The study applies the Box-Jenkins ARIMA methodology. The diagnostic ADF tests show that the AS series under consideration is an I (0) variable. Based on the AIC, the study presents the AR (4) model, also known as the ARIMA (4, 0, 0) model as the optimal model. The diagnostic tests further show us that the presented model is stable and its residuals are not serially correlated. The results of the study indicate that the prevalence of anemia in children in Sierra Leone will rise over the out-of-sample period. By 2025, the country will be having a prevalence of anemia in children of approximately 78.6%.
Monitoring water consumption of the slate manufacturing plant
Authors: Boboeva Gulmira Sadikovna  , Keldiyarova Gulmira Farhadovna
Published: January 2021

This article provides normative calculations of water consumption and water supply for slate production, water consumption for technical processes and for household and drinking needs. As well as, wasted water analysis, monitoring and efficiency of the treatment plant.
Arima forecasting of the prevalence of anemia in children in Myanmar
Authors: Smartson. P. NYONI
Published: January 2021

Using annual time series data on the prevalence of anemia in children under 5 years of age in Myanmar from 1990 – 2016, the study makes predictions for the period 2017 – 2025. The study applies the Box-Jenkins ARIMA methodology. The diagnostic ADF tests show that, AM, the series under consideration is an I (0) variable. Based on the AIC, the study presents an AR (4) model, which is also called the ARIMA (4, 0, 0) model. This has been found to be the parsimonious model. The diagnostic tests further reveal that the presented model is quite stable and its residuals are not serially correlated. The results of the research indicate that the prevalence of anemia in children in Myanmar will rise from approximately 54.5% in 2017 to almost 64.8% by 2025. This means that anemia is not yet under control in the country. This is a wake up call to both public health policy makers and nutrition specialists in the country. Using annual time series data on the prevalence of anemia in children under 5 years of age in Myanmar from 1990 – 2016, the study makes predictions for the period 2017 – 2025. The study applies the Box-Jenkins ARIMA methodology. The diagnostic ADF tests show that, AM, the series under consideration is an I (0) variable. Based on the AIC, the study presents an AR (4) model, which is also called the ARIMA (4, 0, 0) model.
Purification of spent methyldiethanolamine solutions with activated carbon au-ko
Authors: Isokov Yusuf Khoriddinovich  , Kurbonov Azizjon Rustamovich  , Pulatova Zulkhumor Jaloliddin kizi  , Yusupov Farkhod Makhkamovich  , Sultonov Sadulla Bahriddinovich  , Yodgorov Normahmat
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of a study to determine the physicochemical adsorption properties and some technological parameters for the production of activated carbons based on bones.  In the course of the study, the physicochemical and adsorption characteristics of the new activated carbon obtained by us from walnut seeds were determined.  For the purpose of import substitution, its characteristics were compared with the well-known industrial activated carbon of the AG-3 brand.
Folk proverb - as a national and spiritual wealth
Authors: Khamdamova Gulshan Khamraevna
Published: January 2021

Comparative linguistics is the linguodidactical basis of foreign language teaching. Therefore, the study and analysis of foreign languages ​​in comparison with the native language is one of the important issues for linguistics in our country. In modern linguistics, including comparative linguistics, an in-depth study of proverbs is important. As a result, paremiology, the study of proverbs, has emerged as a separate field in linguistics
Equally beneficial economic cooperation between the United States of America and Uzbekistan
Authors: Rahmatov Ilgor Erkinovich
Published: January 2021

This article provides a historical overview of the economic relations established between the Republic of Uzbekistan and the United States during the years of independence.The main focus of the article is on major projects implemented with the participation of the two countries, and their significance.
Methods of translation of phraseological compounds
Authors: Zokirova Nilufar Kamolovna
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the methods of translation of phraseological units, as well as finding and using alternative variants of words in the translation process, as well as providing content and form.
The pros and cons of teaching speaking skills in the classroom
Authors: Alikulova Sevara Abduvassi qizi
Published: January 2021

Language is first and foremost a spoken and not a written entity. Speaking is a major skill in communication. This review article represents the position of  the skill of speaking  in communication classroom; what are the prominent benefits about the educating speaking skill; what are the principle drawbacks of teaching speaking skills. The classroom is the optimum platform to acquire good communication skills, especially, speaking skills. The teachers have to understand the problems of demand of  today’s globalized world towards communication skills and try to implement various teaching strategies in their classrooms in order to develop their learners' speaking skills in  classrooms. However, precise downsides  of conducting speaking skills in classroom are also available. In this given article shows as well as discusses both options by representing relevant data.
The severity features of artharagra clinical course in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Kayumov U.K  , D.T. Khatamova  , M.L.  Saipova  , G.M. Khamidova  , M.M. Ziyamukhammedova
Published: January 2021

A few studies have been devoted to the metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance study in artharagra, which showed the syndrome presence and its characteristic insulin resistance in the overwhelming patients’ number. Only a few studies have reported on the insulin resistance effect and hyperinsulinemia on the artharagra course, in particular on the articular syndrome and other clinical disease manifestations. Nevertheless, they showed a high incidence of metabolic syndrome and its characteristic insulin resistance in the vast majority patients with artharagra.

A direct relationship was revealed between the individual metabolic syndrome components, in particular, insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia, and the hyperuricemia severity, which is accompanied by a more severe artharagray arthritis course in patients with artharagra.
Mr Administration of Science Programme in Nigerian Higher Institutions: Issues, challenges and Way Forwards
Authors: Ogunode Niyi Jacob , Aiyedun, Tope Gloria
Published: January 2021

The article discussed the challenges facing the administration of science program in higher institutions in Nigeria. Secondary data was used to support the points raised in the article. The secondary data were sourced from print material and online publication by recognized institutions and individual author. There are many challenges facing the administration science programme in Nigerian higher institutions. Some of the challenges include; inadequate funding, inadequate lecturers, inadequate infrastructural facilities, brain-drain and strike actions. To solve this challenges, this article recommends the following: government should increase the funding of science programme in higher institutions, provide adequate infrastructural facilities, ensure stable academic programme employment of more science lecturers and motivation of lecturers to prevent brain-drain.
COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Public Distress, Economy and Education of Bago Division in Myanmar
Authors: Marnn Phyoe , Htoo Hsu , Zin Phyo Moh Moh , Win Thu Zar , Claude Nizeyimana Jean , Ali Haider , Al-Masnay Yousef A. , Al-Shaibah Bazel , Malik Izhaar , Al-aizari Ali R.
Published: January 2021

In Myanmar, two expatriates have started infected by COVID-19 pandemic on 23 March in 2020 and COVID-19 period was divided into the two periods by the data of patients, from starting July 29, no more infected people found till August 19. Myanmar citizen think that there will be no more new COVID-19 cases, they started running their daily work, not following precaution methods. Unfortunately, the number of patients increased more and more, starting from 20th August. The period between 23rd March and 19th August was regarded as COVID-19 first wave and the period starting from 10th August was COVID-19 second wave by Government. In Myanmar, numbers of developed city are fewer than rural townships. Infrastructures of townships are same and most people, living in rural townships are not rich and they didn’t have saving money in Banks and they are depending on their monthly salaries. During pandemic period, general workers faced with unemployment problem and difficulty in daily expenses. Some volunteers helped daily expenses to poor people in COVID-19 first wave. In second COVID-19 wave, volunteers cannot help many families. This paper focused on COVID-19 pandemic impact on Public psychological consequences, Economy, Educational dimension and the prospects after pandemic.
SISTEM INFORMASI PELAYANAN MASYARAKAT KELURAHAN BERBASIS WEB DI KELURAHAN KOTO KOCIAK KUBU TAPAK RAJO
Authors: Putra Restu Pratama , Kurniadi Denny
Published: January 2021

Tujuan tugas akhir ini adalah untuk membangun sistem informasi pelayanan masyarakat kelurahan koto kociak kubu tapak rajo berbasis web. Kelurahan koto kociak kubu tapak rajo adalah salah satu kelurahan yang berada di kota Payakumbuh Provinsi Sumatera barat, yang salah satu dari tugasnya yaitu melaksanakan pelayanan masyarakat dilingkungan kelurahan. Teknik yang digunakan adalah Model View Controller(MVC) dan basis Framework CodeIgniter dengan sistem basis data MySQL. Hasil yang didapat berupa Sistem Informasi Pelayanan Masyarakat Kelurahan Koto Kociak Kubu Tapak Rajo berbasis web. Layanan utama applikasi meliputi pengelolaan data penduduk dan pelayanan-pelayanan pengurusan surat keterangan Pembuatan kartu tanda pengenal(KTP), surat keterangan domisili Penduduk, surat keterangan catatan  kepolisian (SKCK), Surat keterangan kelahiran dan surat keterangan lainnya.
Modelling High Dimensional Paddy Production Data using Copulas
Authors: Mohd Roslan Nuranisyha , Shinyie Wendy Ling , Ling Sim Siew
Published: January 2021

As the climate change is likely to be adversely affecting the yield of paddy production, thence it has brought a limelight of the probable challenges on human particularly regional food security issues. This paper aims to fit multivariate time series of paddy production variables using copula functions and predicts the next year event based on the data of five countries in southeast Asia. In particular, the most appropriate marginal distribution for each univariate time series was first identified using maximum likelihood parameter estimation method. Next, we performed multivariate copula fitting using two types of copula families, namely, elliptical copula family and Archimedean copula family. Elliptical copula family studied are normal and t copula, while Archimedean copula family considered are Joe, Clayton and Gumbel copulas. The performance of marginal distribution and copula fitting was examined using Akaike information criterion (AIC) values. Finally, we used the best fitted copula model to forecast the succeeding event. In order to assess the performance of copula function, we computed the forecast means and estimation errors of copula function with a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity model as reference group. Based on the smallest AIC, the majority of the data favoured the Gumbel copula, which belongs to Archimedean copula family as well as extreme value copula family. Likewise, applying the historical data to forecast the future trends may assist all relevant stakeholders, for instance government, NGO agencies, and professional practitioners in making informed decisions without compromising the environmental as well as economical sustainability in the region.
Synthesis of Magnetic Activated Carbon Treated with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate
Authors: Abdullah Palsan Sannasi , Awang Huda , Barasarathi Jayanthi
Published: January 2021

Magnetic activated carbon (MAC) is found to be effective for the adsorption of methylene blue due to its physico-chemical properties such as strong adsorption of magnetization. The use of activated carbon (AC) for methylene blue adsorption was ineffective compared to MAC. MAC was prepared by incorporating different types of iron powder and chemicals [sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), citric acid (CA), dimethicone (D350), and epichlorohydrin (C3H5ClO)] to strengthen the magnetism and stabilize the MAC. The methylene blue test and iodine test were tested on different samples. Characterization test on physical and chemical properties was carried out using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The yield of MAC was higher because of the addition of magnetic particles. The incorporation of magnetic particles had been proven by the SEM and XRD analysis that showed the presence of iron compound. The performance study of the adsorbent sample showed that MAC_A3II presented better qualities with highest removal percentage (98.81 % of removal) in methylene blue adsorption and low magnetic contact time that showed strong magnetism. MAC_A3II was prepared by incorporating iron powder and treated by using sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Among all the adsorbent sample, MAC_B2III performed the weakest quality because the dye removal percentage was low, and the preparation process was complicated compared with others.
Differentiation Unclean and Cleaned Edible Bird’s Nest using Multivariate Analysis of Amino Acid Composition Data
Authors: Azmi Nurul Alia , Lee Ting Hun , Lee Chia Hau , Hamdan Norfadilah , Cheng Kian Kai
Published: January 2021

Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) has been used as a health modulator for many centuries. Nutrient degradation in EBN always happen during cleaning process due to many factors such as temperature and long soaking time in water. The present study attempts to find the difference between unclean and cleaned EBN in their amino acid composition. A total of 65 EBN samples were collected directly from swiftlet premises in 13 states of Malaysia to ensure the coverage of geographical location differences. A standardized cleaning method had been adapted from the industry to clean the collected EBN sample in the lab. Then it was analysed for amino acids composition. After that OPLS-DA multivariate model was used to discriminate the unclean and cleaned EBN on 18 types of amino acids composition. The model was robust with classification and predictive ability of 76.1% and 64.5%, respectively. The model was further validated with sample blind test and 100% of the sample was accurately fall into their respective cluster, unclean and cleaned EBN. The findings suggest that three major amino acids with the highest VIP value were Aspartic acid, Methionine and Glutamic acid and proposed as the marker for discriminating the unclean and cleaned EBN.
Effect of Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) Treatment on Coconut Coir Fibre and its Effectiveness on Enhancing Sound Absorption Properties
Authors: Nasidi Ida Norfaslia , Ismail Lokman Hakim , Samsudin Emedya Murniwaty
Published: January 2021

Natural fibre has been conventionally and widely utilised as a sound absorber in order to replace the traditional synthetic absorber materials. In this study, coir fibre (CF) was prepared as an acoustic absorber and subjected to an additional surface treatment by using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) at various concentrations ranging from 1% to 8%. This was geared towards analysing the effect of alkalisation on the fibre morphology, diameter, and changes occurring in the CF functional groups, thus resulting in enhanced sound absorption properties. To this end, the fibre surface was analysed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to study the surface morphology of treated and untreated CF materials, whereas the implementation of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) allowed an analysis of CF characterisation. The absorber sample was fabricated at a constant thickness of 45mm and a density of 0.4g/cm3 density prior to testing for the sound absorption coefficient (SAC) by using an impedance tube. The morphology of CF revealed the treated fibres to be free of impurities including lignin and hemicellulose layer, which were removed from their surface. This finding was supported by the peak changes observed on the FTIR spectra. Furthermore, the fibre diameter was reduced as the concentrations of NaOH increased. The results conclusively indicated that treated CF at the concentrations of 7% and 8% NaOH gained the highest SAC values across the low and high-frequency ranges, yielding an α coefficient average of 0.9 and above.
Effect of concentrate supplementation and season on apparent digestibility and growth performance of sheep in smallholder production system
Authors: KONLAN Solomon Pigansgsoa , AYANTUNDE Augustine Abioye , ADDAH Weseh , DEI Herbert Kwabla , KARBO Naaminong , AVORNYO Franklin Kodzo
Published: January 2021

The effect of concentrate feed supplementation, healthcare and season on dry matter and nitrogen apparent digestibility and growth performance of sheep were investigated in the smallholder production system. A total of 819 sheep belonging to 36 smallholder farmers were studied. Animals in each pen were randomly assigned to one of 2 feeding regimes. The first regime (control) was grazing and crop residues supplementation (75 g DM/d). In the second regime, sheep were treated as in first and given an additional package of concentrate feed (180 g DM/d) plus orthodox prophylactic and curative healthcare. Dry matter and nitrogen apparent digestibility and growth performance of animals were determined seasonally. The dry matter intake among animals on concentrate supplementation was higher (P<0.05) than those on control (608 vs. 515 g DM/d) but the faecal output was similar. Seasonally, DM intake was found highest during the early wet season (679 g DM/d) and lowest in the main wet season (397 g DM/d). Nitrogen intake was significantly affected by concentrate supplementation (11 vs. 8 g DM/d for concentrate supplemented and control groups respectively). Season significantly affected dry matter and nitrogen digestibility with the early wet season having the highest digestibility. The concentrate supplementation and healthcare provision package improved feed digestibility and increased ADG of animals from 19 g/d to 34 g/d in the smallholder production system.
Modeling soil water balance of an agricultural watershed in the Guinea Savannah Agro-ecological Zone; a case of the Tono irrigation dam watershed
Authors: AMPOFO Steve , AMPADU Boateng , DOUTI Nangue Biyogue , KUSIBU Michael Mba
Published: January 2021

Water is the most significant of all the requirements for plant growth and development. Its availability or scarcity in the soil can denote a successful harvest, reduction in yield, or complete failure. Though Tono is a small community in the Kassena Nankana East Municipality in Upper East Region of Ghana, farmers in the area contribute significantly to the availability of food products in neighboring communities, and even in some parts of southern Ghana. However, changing climate and landscape dynamics are perceived to be the primary cause of decreasing water availability and responsible for the dwindling farming fortunes. The study therefore investigated the changes to soil water balance occurring within the Tono dam watershed, as well as changes to the landuse/landcover (LULC) of the area and its impacts on crop production using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). The LULC continues to change through anthropogenic activities thereby causing variations in the hydrological cycle over time. A 30-year period from 1984 to 2014 was used as the simulation period to run the model. Two (2) LULC maps and change scenarios for 1984 through to 2014 were assessed. The results revealed a relationship between landcover and the response to hydrology, in that, a decrease in landcover causes a decrease in surface water, soil moisture, and a corresponding infinitesimal decrease in evapotranspiration. The results showed a 17.6%, 9.6%, and 1.6% decrease in rainfall, soil moisture and evapotranspiration, respectively. The results showed the ability of the SWAT model to reveal spatio-temporal variation of the change in the landscape and the associated changes arising from climate change having significant effects on the Tono catchment.
Abattoir-based prevalence and distribution of porcine cysticercosis in northern Ghana inferred from Kumasi Abattoir
Authors: ADDY Francis , MASEKO Edward , DUFAILU Osman
Published: January 2021

Taenia solium cysticercosis is a cosmopolitan foodborne disease that is neglected in many endemic tropical societies. The disease situation is less understood in parts of sub-Saharan Africa including Ghana, meanwhile useful surveillance data are needed from all endemic localities for designing effective intervention strategies. The present study estimated abattoir-based prevalence and distribution of T. solium cysticercosis in pigs from northern Ghana. A survey was carried out at the Kumasi abattoir to screen for cyst infection and localization sites, and evaluate the handling of infected carcasses. Taenia solium cysticercosis infection was noted in pigs at the abattoir, drawn from all five Regions of northern Ghana. Generally, porcine cysticercosis had 9.73% prevalence across the Regions with the Upper East Region (10.10%) being noted as a key focus of the cestode. Animals from the Upper West, Savannah, Northern and North East Regions also recorded a prevalence range of 8.25 – 12.12%. The results indicate considerable prevalence of T. solium cysticercosis that was in wide distribution in pig in northern Ghana and point to a public health threat in cities where such infected pigs are slaughtered.
Effects of fixation and freezing on some morphometric characteristics of Nile tilapia
Authors: KOMBAT Emmanuel O. , ALHASSAN Elliot H. , AKONGYUURE Daniel N.
Published: January 2021

Fish preservation methods including use of formalin and freezing are widely used to preserve fish specimen in the laboratory to maintain their freshness for future laboratory analysis. This present study aimed to investigate the effects of fixation and freezing on the morphometric characteristics of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Forty (40) samples of a single cohort of O. niloticus were obtained from the Tono reservoir in Navrongo, Ghana. Total length (TL) and body weight (W) of each fish were measured. Twenty (20) samples of O. niloticus were subjected to freezing at -4ºC whilst the remaining twenty (20) were fixed in 4% formaldehyde solution. The study lasted for thirteen (13) days during which the length and weight were determined repeatedly in a sequence during the storage period. Although there was no significant difference (p > 0.05) in the change of length and weight measured during the study, all samples showed some degree of shrinkage within the storage period. For samples preserved by freezing, there was a 5.62 % and 19.61 % reduction in length and weight respectively, while those preserved in formalin reduced by 5.24% and 10.72% in length and weight respectively. For condition factor (k), there was no change at the end of the experiment for samples preserved by freezing but a marginal increase of 0.08% was realized for those preserved in formalin. Though shrinkage occurred in both samples preserved in formalin and freezing, the greatest shrinkage was recorded by those preserved by freezing.
Effects of False yam (Icacina oliviformis) tuber compost manure on the growth performance of garden eggs (Solanum aethiopicum l)
Authors: AGYAPONG Rosemond Boama , QUAINOO Albert Kojo
Published: January 2021

Coming ...
KADIN İSTİHDAMININ SORUN VE ÇÖZÜMLERİ: TR62 ÇUKUROVA BÖLGESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: OĞLAKKAYA Turan , OĞLAKKAYA Mehmet Han
Published: January 2021

Toplumların ekonomik ve sosyal yönden kalkınmasında önemli bir yer edinen kadın istihdamı, gelişmekte olan ülkeler açısından da büyük öneme sahiptir. Türkiye’de kadının toplumdaki yeri ve önemi uzun süredir çalışmalara konu olmuştur. Ataerkil toplum yapısının sebebiyle kadın, genellikle hazır işgücü olarak geri planda kalmakta ve çoğunlukla emeğinin hakkını alamamaktadır. Türkiye’de son yıllarda kadının işgücüne katılım oranı yükselmekle birlikte, artış oranının beklentileri karşıladığını söylemek mümkün değildir. Ülkede, bölgeler arasındaki sosyo-ekonomik göstergelerdeki farklılıklardan dolayı kadının işgücüne katılımında da sektörler arası farklılıklar mevcuttur. TR62 Çukurova Bölgesi’nde kadınların işgücüne katılım oranın geliştirilmesi ve sektörler arası farklılıkların en az düzeye indirilmesi için yapılacak girişimlerin bölgenin gelişmesine doğrudan ve dolaylı olarak katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada kadın istihdamının eğitim alanında bölgesel yoğunluğunun fazla olduğunu düşündüğümüz TR62 Bölgesinde durumun kapsamlı olarak ele alınması ve Türkiye geneli ile karşılaştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu sebeple karşılaştırma yaparken bireylerin eğitim durumları ve ağırlıklı iktisadi çalışma kolları ele alınmıştır.
KADIN İMGESİ ODAĞINDA PRE-RAPHAELİTE BROTHERHOOD YAPITLARINDA ŞİİR VE RESİM KARDEŞLİĞİ
Authors: ÜNER Özlem
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood grubunun ana temalarından biri olan meleksi kadın imgesinin kökenleri ve grubun edebi metinlerle olan etkileşimleri araştırılmıştır. Bu doğrultuda 19. yüzyıl İngiliz resminde önemli bir yeri olan Pre-Raphaelite grubunun ilkelerini oluşturan Raffaello sonrası sanatın yozlaştığı düşüncesi ve Ortaçağ mistisizmine yönelim, çalışmanın kapsamını oluşturmaktadır. Pre-Raphaelite grubu ressamları toplumsal olayları kadın kimliği üzerinden irdeleyerek kendi ilkelerini ve önermelerini simgesel bir anlatımla tasvir etmişlerdir. Sıklıkla şiir ve edebi metinlere yer verdikleri yapıtlarında yaygın olarak karşımıza çıkan meleksi kadın tiplemesi, 13. yüzyıla ait Dolce Stil Nuovo adlı sone tarzı şiirin ana teması olan asil, erdemli ve şair ile tanrı arasında bir köprü görevi gören ilahi bir kadındır. Pre-Raphaelite ressamları, meleksi kadın tiplemesini Viktoryan toplumunda cinselliği ve fahişelik mesleği gibi sebeplerle aşağılanan kadın kimliğine karşı bir eleştiri olarak kullanmışlardır.
Análise da influência do audit delay no retorno das ações e no custo da dívida de empresa brasileiras de capital aberto
Authors: Yagui Nikolle Takasawa , Nardi Paula Carolina Ciampaglia
Published: January 2021

No contexto da importância da informação contábil às principais fontes de recursos das empresas, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar o impacto do tempo (audit delay) na divulgação das demonstrações contábeis (DFPs) para investidores e instituições bancária. A pesquisa considerou empresas brasileiras de capital aberto no período trimestral de 2010 a 2017, via testes de correlação, diferença de média, regressão com dados dispostos em painel e quantílica. Os resultados indicaram haver reações distintas entre investidores e bancos, ou seja, o audit delay não apresentou impacto negativo no retorno das ações, mas foi negativo em termos de custo da dívida. Isso sugere que investidores e bancos apresentam percepções diferentes acerca do audit delay das DFPs. Assim, o estudo indica para as empresas a necessidade de refletir quanto ao custo de oportunidade de maior audit delay das DFPs, principalmente quando o objetivo é financiamento via instituições bancárias.
Justice and equality for all? Proportional representation in Belgium and France (1883-1921)
Authors: Dhondt Frederik
Published: January 2021

Whereas 19th century Belgium is traditionally framed as heavily dependent on France, this image ought to be nuanced for its political system. During what Pierre Rosanvallon named the transnational ‘proportional moment’ (1899-1914), the introduction of Proportional Representation in parliamentary elections generated a French interest in Belgium as the ‘electoral laboratory of Europe’. Arguments raised in the French Chambre des Députés were similar to those used in Belgian Parliament. The present article addresses the structural differences between the electoral debate in both states. Whereas Belgian constitutional doctrine adapted smoothly to the introduction of proportionality (Oscar Orban/Paul Errera) and held a moderate position bordering on that of Hans Kelsen, French doctrine was divided between the Parisian Adhémar Esmein, who defended the majority system as the bedrock of republicanism, and provincial professors of constitutional law, who had corporatist ideas, or were in favour of judicial review (Joseph-Barthélémy, Léon Duguit). Raymond Carré de Malberg’s condemnation of proportional representation as impossible, or as the stepping-stone to direct democracy, ought to be situated within this context.
Algeria since 1989: Between terror and democracy
Authors: Le Sueur James D.
Published: January 2021

Algeria’s democratic experiment is seminal in post-Cold War history. The first Muslim nation to attempt the transition from an authoritarian system to democratic pluralism, this North African country became a test case for reform in Africa, the Arab world and beyond. Yet when the country looked certain to become the world’s first elected Islamic republic, there was a military coup and the democratic process was brought sharply to a halt. Islamists declared jihad on the state and hundreds of thousands of civilians were killed in the ensuing decade of state repression.

Le Sueur shows that Algeria is at the very heart of contemporary debates about Islam and secular democracy, arguing that the stability of Algeria is crucial for the security of the wider Middle East. Algeria Since 1989 is a lively and essential examination of how the fate of one country is entwined with much greater global issues.
Practising Feminist Political Ecologies
Authors: Harcourt Wendy , Nelson Ingrid L.
Published: January 2021

Wendy Harcourt is associate professor at the International Institute of Social Studies, Erasmus University. She was editor-in-chief of the journal Development from 1995 to 2012 and during that period published five books, including Women and Politics of Place with Arturo Escobar (Kumarian Press, 2005). Her monograph Body Politics in Development: Critical Debates in Gender and Development (Zed Books, 2009) received the 2010 Feminist and Women's Studies Association's Prize. She is currently completing three books on transnational feminism, embodiment and civic change, and gender and development, and is editor of the book series Gender, Development and Social Change.

Ingrid L. Nelson is assistant professor in the Department of Geography and the Environmental Studies Program at the University of Vermont. She completed her PhD in geography and a graduate certificate in women's and gender studies from the University of Oregon. Her research in Mozambique examines masculinities, class and gender dynamics in forest conservation; afforestation ‘land grabs’; and illegal timber trade contexts. She is currently preparing a monograph focused on the practices and rumours that make forest landscapes in Mozambique. Beyond academia, she contributed to the Women's Major Group submission for the ‘zero draft’ document, leading up to Rio+20.
Solidarity
Authors: Featherstone David
Published: January 2021

David Featherstone is a senior lecturer in human geography at the University of Glasgow. He has key research interests in space, politics and resistance in both the past and present. He is the author of Resistance, Space and Political Identities: The Making of Counter-Global Networks and co-editor of Spatial Politics: Essays for Doreen Massey.
Bringing Ukraine Back on Track
Authors: Hilmarsson Hilmar Þór
Published: January 2021

Ukraine’s history has been a turbulent one, and currently the country is in a crisis. The purpose of the article is to discuss how Ukraine can move away from the current East-West competition that poses a risk of dividing the country into two. What does it take to move a united Ukraine forward? How can Ukraine progress economically, politically and improve its security profile? The methodology used in the article is the case study method and it often compares Ukraine’s performance with Poland, a country of a similar size in terms of population, land mass, and located in geographic proximity. The article argues that more inclusive and sustainable growth in Ukraine will require increased productivity of the economy, more benefits from international trade and investment supported by closer integration into the global economy, as well as a well-governed domestic economy with stronger institutions to withstand pressures from vested interests. The US, EU and NATO must make more efforts to help Ukraine resolve the current conflict with Russia, which in turn needs to stop the military engagement in Ukraine to let it recover and benefit from integration and cooperation with the West. NATO membership and full EU membership should not be considered for now, but Ukraine should be an independent and neutral buffer state between the East and the West, with full access to the EU common market. Ukraine needs increased financial support, especially from the EU, US, IMF and the World Bank for its reconstruction.
Robotic surgery for rectal cancer at Binh Dan Hospital: The early results
Authors: Trần Vĩnh Hưng ,   Lê Quang Nghĩa, Đỗ Bá Hùng, Hoàng Vĩnh Chúc, Nguyễn Phú Hữu, Vũ Khương An
Published: January 2021

Tóm tắt

Đặt vấn đề: Bệnh viện Bình Dân bắt đầu sử dụng robot trong phẫu thuật ung thư trực tràng từ tháng 11/2016. Mục tiêu của chúng tôi là tìm hiểu tính an toàn trong việc sử dụng robot để điều trị ung thư trực tràng.
Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả tiến cứu: 41 trường hợp ung thư trực tràng được phẫu thuật bằng robot da Vinci thế hệ Si tại Bệnh viện Bình Dân từ 11/2016 đến 07/2018.
Kết quả: Tỉ lệ nam: nữ là 2,15. Tuổi trung bình là 62 tuổi (23-85). Phương pháp điều trị: 2 trường hợp cắt trước miệng nối cao, 22 trường hợp cắt trước miệng nối thấp, 6 trường hợp cắt trước miệng nối cực thấp, 10 trường hợp phẫu thuật Miles. Giai đoạn giải phẫu bệnh sau mổ: 2 trường hợp giai đoạn I (4,88%), 5 trường hợp giai đoạn IIA (12,2%), 24 trường hợp giai đoạn IIB (58,54%), 6 trường hợp giai đoạn IIIB (14,63%), 3 trường hợp giai đoạn IIIC (7,32%), 1 trường hợp giai đoạn IVA (2,44%). Thời gian phẫu thuật chung trung bình là 213,66 phút. Không có tai biến phẫu thuật. Sau phẫu thuật: có 6 trường hợp nhiễm trùng vết mổ, 1 trường hợp bí tiểu do u xơ tuyến tiền liệt, 1 trường hợp liệt ruột sau mổ kéo dài, 1 trường hợp nghi ngờ xì miệng nối được điều trị nội khoa. Thời gian nằm viện trung bình 8 ngày (6-16 ngày).
Kết luận: Kết quả bước đầu cho thấy phẫu thuật robot trong điều trị ung thư trực tràng là an toàn và khả thi.

Abstract

Introduction: Binh Dan hospital started to implement the robotic surgery in treatment of colorectal cancer in November 2016. Our aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of robotic surgery in management of rectal cancer.
Material and Methods: Prospective case series study: 41 rectal cancer cases were operated by robotic da Vinci Surgical System (Si version) from November 2016 to July 2018 at Binh Dan hospital.

Results: Men/Women ratio:2.15. Average age: 62 yrs (23-85). Treatment procedures: 2 cases of anterior resection, 23 cases of low anterior resection, 6 cases of ultra-low anterior resection, 10 cases of abdomino - perineal resection. Post-operative pathology staging: stage I: 2 cases (4.88%), stage IIA: 5 cases (12.2%), stage IIB: 24 cases (58.54%), stage IIIB: 6 cases (14.63%), stage IIIC: 3 cases (7.32%), stage IVA: 1 case (2.44%). No per-operative complication was recorded. Post-operative complications recorded including 6 cases of surgical site infection, 1 case of urine retention, 1 case of ileus, 1 suspected case of leakage of anastomotic and treated by internal medicine. Average length of stay after the operation was 8 days (6-16).
Conclusion: The implementation of robotic surgery in rectal cancer treatment is a safe and feasible procedure.

Keyword: Rectal cancer; Robotic surgery
INFLUENCE OF LOGGING IN ELM STANDS ON THE COEFFICIENT OF GROWTH INTENSITY
Authors: ПАНКРАТОВ В.К. , ПАНИН И.А. , ЗАРУБИНА Л.В.
Published: January 2021

Исследовано состояние 21-летних искусственных насаждений вяза приземистого (Ulmus pumila L.), пройденных рубками ухода различной интенсивности в 14-летнем возрасте. Насаждения созданы в зе- леной зоне г. Нур-Султана Республики Казахстан. В качестве основных показателей состояния вязовых насаждений были использованы значения относительного жизненного состояния и комплексного оценоч- ного показателя (коэффициента напряженности роста). Исследования проводились на двух постоянных пробных площадях (ППП), включающих 12 секций. В ходе исследований установлено, что, несмотря на жесткие аридные условия, выражающиеся в недостатке осадков и высоких летних температурах, искус- ственные вязовые насаждения, произрастающие в зеленой зоне г. Нур-Султана, характеризуются хорошим состоянием. Рубки ухода не оказали существенного влияния на показатели оценки относительного жиз- ненного состояния и комплексного оценочного показателя, поскольку древостои всех секций характеризу- ются как здоровые. Отмечается лишь тенденция к повышению устойчивости насаждений на секциях, где проводились рубки ухода. Учитывая важное значение коэффициента напряженности роста для планиро- вания лесоводственных мероприятий, рекомендуем разработать шкалу значений данного показателя для искусственных вязовых насаждений разного возраста для района исследований.

The state of 21-year-old artiﬁ cial plantings of squat elm (Ulmus pumila L.), which were cut down by care of various intensities at the age of 14, was studied. Plantings were created in the green zone of Nur Sultan, Republic of Kazakhstan. As the main indicators of the state of elm stands, the values of the relative life state and the complex estimated indicator (growth intensity coefﬁ cient) were used. The research was carried out on two permanent test areas (SPS), including 12 sections. In the course of research, it was found that, despite the harsh arid conditions, which are expressed in a lack of precipitation and high summer temperatures, artiﬁ cial elm stands growing in the green zone of Nur Sultan are characterized by good condition. The care cuttings did not have a signiﬁ cant impact on the indicators of the relative life status assessment and the integrated assessment indicator, since the stands of all sections are characterized as healthy. There is only a tendency to increase the stability of plantings in the sections where logging was carried out. Given the importance of the growth intensity coefﬁ cient for planning forestry activities, it is recommended to develop a scale of values for this indicator for artiﬁ cial elm stands of different ages for the research area.
The Influence of Security and Technical Quality on Intention to Use Big Blue Button for E-learning
Authors: Muqaibal Noor
Published: January 2021

Purpose: This research work aimed to investigate the Influence of Security, and Technical Quality on Intention to Use Big Blue Button for E-learning (IUBBEL). Methodology: A descriptive and quantitative research methodology was conducted to gather and analysis the study’s variables (Security, Technical Quality and IUBBEL)and hypotheses.Sample: 79 students. Data Collection Tool: The researcher used the questionnaire as tool for data collection.Findings: there is a significant effect of security on the intention to use BBB for E-learning, whereas Technical Quality has no effect.
AI Safety, Security, and Stability Among Great Powers: Options, Challenges, and Lessons Learned for Pragmatic Engagement
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Imbrie Andrew , Kania Elsa
Published: January 2021

Among great powers, AI has become a new focus of competition due to its potential to transform the character of conflict and disrupt the military balance. This policy brief considers alternative paths toward AI safety and security.
U.S. Demand for AI-Related Talent Part II: Degree Majors and Skills Assessment
Authors:   Center for Security and Emerging Technology, Toney Autumn , Flagg Melissa
Published: January 2021

Future U.S. competitiveness in artificial intelligence will require a robust AI workforce. This data brief analyzes market demand for AI-related jobs to determine the skills necessary in the field. It concerns jobs considered both “core AI” and “AI-adjacent.”
Evaluación estructural y funcional de los sistemas productivos urbanos en la ciudad de Quibdó, Chocó, Colombia
Authors: Cuesta-Borja Teofilo , Mosquera Ditter Horcio
Published: January 2021

La mayor parte de la agricultura urbana permanece todavía en gran medida inexplorada y sin recibir reconocimiento y apoyo por parte de las entidades gubernamentales. Con el objetivo de caracterizar de manera estructural y funcional los sistemas productivos urbanos en Quibdó, Colombia, se analizó la vegetación por hábito de crecimiento y se hizo un diagnóstico rural rápido (DRR) sobre la utilización de las especies. El diagnóstico incluyó nivel de utilización de especies, importancia biofísica y demanda comercial. Los resultados indican que los habitantes de Quibdó utilizan como espacios para desarrollar la agricultura urbana el huerto casero mixto, la azotea, cultivo en materas y cría de animales. Se encontraron 58 especies incluidas en 51 géneros y 41 familias botánicas, distribuidas en el huerto en tres estratos: arbóreo, arbustivo y herbáceo. En el estrato arbóreo, Inga edulis, Bactris gasipaes y Zisigyum malacensis presentaron mayor CIE; en arbustivo, las representativas fueron, Musa spp, Carica papaya y Citrus lemon; en herbáceo, Ocimum sp, Eringyum foetidum y Petiveria alliacea. La importancia de estas especies, radica en su utilización en alimentación y medicina tradicional. Como conclusión se tiene que los sistemas productivos urbanos en Quibdó se orientan a suplir necesidades alimentarias y medicinales.
Nuevos registros para la flora de Colombia: Eriocaulaceae, Poaceae y Xyridaceae
Authors: Giraldo-Cañas Diego
Published: January 2021

Se presentan 21 nuevos registros para Colombia, con el objetivo de contribuir al inventario de la flora colombiana. Los nuevos registros pertenecen a las familias Eriocaulaceae, Poaceae y Xyridaceae. Así, se amplían las áreas de distribución de estas especies. Los nuevos registros están basados en 98 viajes personales de exploración. Por tanto, las familias Eriocaulaceae, Poaceae y Xyridaceae quedan representadas en Colombia por 61, 880 y 43 especies, respectivamente.
Nuevos reportes de ubicación y calidad de agua en los humedales altoandinos del páramo del Duende, Chocó, Colombia
Authors: Vargas Porras Lady
Published: January 2021

El Páramo del Duende en jurisdicción del departamento de Chocó, es un ecosistema poco conocido que abarca muchos componentes de estudio dentro de los cuales se encuentra, además de una gran riqueza biológica, un componente físico que incluye el agua como el elemento más importante para su constitución, pues determina la presencia y ausencia de los demás. Con el objeto de identificar, georeferenciar y analizar el estado actual de los humedales de este ecosistema se realizó un trabajo de campo que permitió el análisis de la estructura, calidad y composición de varias fuentes lénticas durante la época seca (diciembre). Para la determinación de la estructura y ubicación se realizaron recorridos a nivel de bordes con un GPS programado para la toma de coordenadas cada cinco segundos y para el análisis de composición y calidad se realizaron mediciones in situ de oxígeno disuelto, temperatura, pH, conductividad y profundidad media. Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron y compararon con estándares de calidad de agua para la preservación de la biota acuática. Se logró aportar al conocimiento no solo del ecosistema de páramo, sino también al análisis de la dinámica de sus humedales, además se obtuvo el reporte y la inclusión de estas fuentes en la cartografía de la zona.