bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An approximation algorithm for multi-objective optimization problems using a box-coverage
Authors: Eichfelder Gabriele , Warnow Leo
Published: November 2021

For a continuous multi-objective optimization problem, it is usually not a practical approach to compute all its nondominated points because there are infinitely many of them. For this reason, a typical approach is to compute an approximation of the nondominated set. A common technique for this approach is to generate a polyhedron which contains the nondominated set. However, often these approximations are used for further evaluations. For those applications a polyhedron is a structure that is not easy to handle. In this paper, we introduce an approximation with a simpler structure respecting the natural ordering. In particular, we compute a box-coverage of the nondominated set. To do so, we use an approach that, in general, allows us to update not only one but several boxes whenever a new nondominated point is found. The algorithm is guaranteed to stop with a finite number of boxes, each being sufficiently thin.
Young Australians living with parents: free and pay board as popular housing tenure choices
Authors: Chia Jason , Erol Isil
Published: November 2021

Young adults staying with parents is definitely a growing housing tenure in Australia. This paper, for the first time, unearths individual-level housing tenure choices of young Australians from the household-level data of owning/renting from the 2017 Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey. In addition to owner-occupation and private rental, the paper explores the influence of personal characteristics on two types of multigenerational co-residence: young adults who live with parents rent-free and pay board. The results show that, in Australia, young women are more independent in their housing tenure choices (i.e., owning and renting) in comparison to young men. There is a growing trend towards mature and high-earning young people living with parents for free, which might be explained by the aim of saving money to buy a house or investment property and also care arrangements for their elderly parents. Marital status has also a significant effect on housing tenure choices. Never married young adults prefer to live with parents either for free or pay board; while those divorced/separated or widowed prefer to rent privately to maintain their residential independency, after life circumstances changed. This study informs policy makers to provide more support to young adults in a fully or partly independent housing tenure (renting and paying board) in assisting them to climb up the housing career ladder—becoming a homeowner.
The Impact of Culturally-Centered Care on Peripartum Experiences of Autonomy and Respect in Community Birth Centers: A Comparative Study
Authors: Almanza Jennifer I. , Karbeah J.’Mag , Tessier Katelyn M. , Neerland Carrie , Stoll Kathrin , Hardeman Rachel R. , Vedam Saraswathi
Published: November 2021

Objective

National studies report that birth center care is associated with reduced racial and ethnic disparities and reduced experiences of mistreatment. In the US, there are very few BIPOC-owned birth centers. This study examines the impact of culturally-centered care delivered at Roots, a Black-owned birth center, on the experience of client autonomy and respect.

Methods

To investigate if there was an association between experiences of autonomy and respect for Roots versus the national Giving Voice to Mothers (GVtM) participants, we applied Wilcoxon rank-sum tests for the overall sample and stratified by race.

Results

Among BIPOC clients in the national GVtM sample and the Roots sample, MADM and MORi scores were statistically higher for clients receiving culturally-centered care at Roots (MADM p < 0.001, MORi p = 0.011). No statistical significance was found in scores between BIPOC and white clients at Roots Birth Center, however there was a tighter range among BIPOC individuals receiving care at Roots showing less variance in their experience of care.

Conclusions for Practice

Our study confirms previous findings suggesting that giving birth at a community birth center is protective against experiences of discrimination when compared to care in the dominant, hospital-based system. Culturally-centered care might enhance the experience of perinatal care even further, by decreasing variance in BIPOC experience of autonomy and respect. Policies on maternal health care reimbursement should add focus on making community birth sustainable, especially for BIPOC provider-owners offering culturally-centered care.
Markoff–Rosenberger triples and generalized Lucas sequences
Authors: Hashim Hayder R. , Szalay László , Tengely Szabolcs
Published: November 2021

We consider the Markoff–Rosenberger equation $$\begin{aligned} ax^2+by^2+cz^2=dxyz \end{aligned}$$

a

x
2

+
b

y
2

+
c

z
2

=
d
x
y
z

with $$(x,y,z)=(U_i,U_j,U_k)$$

(
x
,
y
,
z
)

=

(

U
i

,

U
j

,

U
k

)

, where $$U_i$$

U
i

denotes the i-th generalized Lucas number of first/second kind. We provide an upper bound for the minimum of the indices and we apply the result to completely resolve concrete equations, e.g. we determine solutions containing only balancing numbers and Jacobsthal numbers, respectively.
Influence of Water Vapor and Temperature on the Oxide Scale Growth and Alpha-Case Formation in Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Authors: Öztürk B. , Mengis L. , Dickes D. , Glatzel U. , Galetz M. C.
Published: November 2021

The Ti-6Al-4V alloy is extensively used in aerospace, automotive and biomaterial applications. In the aerospace industry, the service temperature of Ti-6Al-4V is currently limited to 350 °C due to its insufficient oxidation resistance. Oxidation at higher temperatures causes the formation of a fast-growing oxide scale and an oxygen-enriched subsurface layer, which is known as the “alpha-case.” Additionally, the effect of water vapor on the oxidation behavior is critical. In the present study, the oxidation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V in dry air and air containing 10 vol.% H2O at 500, 600 and 700 °C for up to 500 h has been investigated. The main focus of this study is the examination of the different oxide scale morphologies along with the oxygen enrichment in the subsurface zone. It has been observed that spallation of the oxide scale is more severe in a water vapor-containing environment. In dry air, the oxide morphology shows the typical layered TiO2/Al2O3 structure after exposure at 700 °C for 300 h, while Al2O3 precipitates are present in the outermost part of the TiO2 scale when oxidized in wet air. This indicates that the solubility and diffusivity of Al3+ ions in TiO2 are influenced by water vapor. In addition, the extent of oxygen enrichment in the subsurface zone (alpha-case) as a function of temperature and time is determined by nanoindentation profiles. It was shown that in contrast to the scale formation, the alpha-case thickness is not affected by the presence of water vapor in the atmosphere.
Is the German Mittelstand more resistant to crises?
Authors: Berlemann Michael , Jahn Vera , Lehmann Robert
Published: November 2021

In a globalized world with high international factor mobility, crises often spread quickly over large parts of the world. Politicians carry a vital interest in keeping crises as small and short as possible. Against this background we study whether the type of company of owner-managed SMEs, in Germany well-known as Mittelstand firms, helps increasing an economy’s crisis resistance. We study this issue at the example of the Great Recession of the years 2008/2009. Using micro panel data from the ifo Business Survey, we study the comparative performance of Mittelstand enterprises and find supporting evidence for the hypothesis that Mittelstand firms performed more stable throughout the Great Recession than non-Mittelstand firms. We also show that owner-managed SMEs performed significantly better than SMEs and owner-managed large enterprises. Thus, it is rather the combination of firm size and owner-management that leads to more crisis resistance.
Attitudes Towards the Sexuality of Adults with Intellectual Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Correa Ana Belén , Castro Ángel , Barrada Juan Ramón
Published: November 2021

Current research in attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities yields heterogeneous results. The aim of the present paper was to systematically review current qualitative and quantitative evidence of attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities. A systematic review of current literature (2000–2020) was carried out in the ERIC, PsychINFO, SCOPUS, PUBMED, and WebOfScience databases. Thirty-three articles were included for review. The present review protocol is registered in the PROSPERO database. Included studies presented attitudes towards the sexuality of adults with intellectual disabilities in samples comprised of staff, family, members of the community, and adults with intellectual disability. Community samples held more positive attitudes, followed by staff and family. Adults with intellectual disabilities reported interest in intimate relationships but perceived barriers in others’ attitudes. Factors such as familiarity, age, gender of the adult with a disability, and culture seemed to have clear relationships. Other factors such as gender or social status remain unclear. In general, attitudes were considered positive. However, a preference for low intimacy and friendship or Platonic relationships was found. Stereotypes towards intellectual disability may have a strong influence. These findings underline the need to investigate and address attitudinal changes to provide adequate support for adults with intellectual disabilities in regard to a healthy relational and sex life.

Prospero registration number: CRD42021222918.
Erlang mixture modeling for Poisson process intensities
Authors: Kim Hyotae , Kottas Athanasios
Published: November 2021

We develop a prior probability model for temporal Poisson process intensities through structured mixtures of Erlang densities with common scale parameter, mixing on the integer shape parameters. The mixture weights are constructed through increments of a cumulative intensity function which is modeled nonparametrically with a gamma process prior. Such model specification provides a novel extension of Erlang mixtures for density estimation to the intensity estimation setting. The prior model structure supports general shapes for the point process intensity function, and it also enables effective handling of the Poisson process likelihood normalizing term resulting in efficient posterior simulation. The Erlang mixture modeling approach is further elaborated to develop an inference method for spatial Poisson processes. The methodology is examined relative to existing Bayesian nonparametric modeling approaches, including empirical comparison with Gaussian process prior based models, and is illustrated with synthetic and real data examples.
Lieber professionell als spirituell. Die Kommunikation von Angeboten der Achtsamkeitsförderung im Hochschulsetting
Authors: Werneburg Inga , Reifegerste Doreen , Jäpelt Birgit
Published: November 2021

Hintergrund

Angebote zur Achtsamkeitsförderung durch Stressbewältigung sind zunehmend ein wichtiger Teil des Gesundheitsmanagements in Hochschulen geworden. Der Bedarf dafür hat sich gerade in der COVID-19-bedingten („coronavirus disease 2019“) Pandemiesituation deutlich verstärkt. Allerdings werden die Angebote von den Studierenden bislang noch sehr zögerlich in Anspruch genommen, obwohl die positiven Effekte von Achtsamkeitstrainings bereits vielfach belegt sind.

Ziel der Arbeit

Ziel unserer Untersuchung war es daher, Vorstellungen der Achtsamkeitspraxis sowie Zugangsbarrieren zu erfassen, um daraus zielgruppenspezifische Kommunikationsstrategien abzuleiten.

Methode

Es wurden männliche und weibliche Studierende (mit wenig und mit viel Erfahrung in Achtsamkeitstrainings) qualitativ interviewt.

Ergebnisse

Es zeigt sich, dass die Studierenden eine weltanschaulich neutrale und evidenzbasierte Rahmung der Angebote bevorzugen. Eine Betonung des spirituellen Hintergrunds der Achtsamkeitstrainings scheint v. a. den Einsteigern den Zugang zu erschweren (auch wenn sie für die Fortgeschrittenen ein relevanter Bestandteil ist). Zudem ist es den Interviewten wichtig, dass die Kommunikation die Relevanz für die Bewältigung akademischer und beruflicher Herausforderungen aufzeigt, ohne die Angebote als Maßnahme zur Leistungssteigerung zu bewerben.

Schlussfolgerung

Auch wenn die Achtsamkeitspraktiken spirituell verankert sind, stehen Einsteiger diesen Aspekten eher skeptisch gegenüber. Dies deckt sich mit allgemeineren Diskussionen zur Einführung von Achtsamkeitsangeboten an Hochschulen. Darüber hinaus lassen sich Hinweise zur Auswahl von Multiplikator:innen (authentische Vermittler:innen) und Botschaftsstrategien (vielseitige Fallbeispiele) ableiten.
Das Modell der Datentreuhand in der medizinischen Forschung
Authors: Buchner Benedikt , Haber Anna Christine , Hahn Horst Karl , Prasser Fabian , Kusch Harald , Sax Ulrich , Schmidt Carsten Oliver
Published: November 2021

Der Konflikt zwischen Datenschutz und Forschungsfreiheit ist so alt wie das Datenschutzrecht selbst.
In vielen Fällen wird Datenschutz als ein Hemmschuh für die Forschung wahrgenommen, gerade auch
im Bereich der medizinischen Forschung. Ein aktuell viel diskutierter Lösungsansatz, diesen Konflikt
zu entschärfen, ist das Modell der Datentreuhand. Ob und wie ein solches Modell nutzbar gemacht werden
kann, um für die medizinische Forschung einen leichteren und großzügigeren Zugang zu personenbezogenen
Daten zu eröffnen, soll im Folgenden erörtert werden.
Laparoscopic Fundoplication Using the Excluded Stomach as a Novel Management Option for Refractory Bile Reflux Following One Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB)
Authors: Werapitiya Senarath Bandara , Ruwanpura Senarath Pradeep , Coulson Tanya Rochelle
Published: November 2021

Background

One anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB) is now a mainstream bariatric procedure. Refractory gastroesophageal reflux is a significant complication following OAGB, and conversion to Roux-en-Y has long been the treatment of choice for this issue. Strengthening the lower esophageal sphincter by Nissen fundoplication (NF) has been reported as an effective anti-reflux surgery. Here we report the short-term outcomes of a modified NF procedure using the excluded stomach (excluded stomach fundoplication—ESF) to treat refractory bile reflux in post-OAGB patients.

Methods

Thirteen post-OAGB patients underwent ESF for refractory bile reflux during the study, as detailed in the surgical technique. This paper reports the 12 patients whose follow-up data are available.

Results

Following ESF, the GERD-HRQL heartburn score improved from 22.7 ± 3.9 to 1.8 ± 3.5 (p < 0.05). The mean aggregate GERD-HRQL score improved from 27.9 ± 5.3 to 5.7 ± 5.9 (p < 0.05). The GERD-HRQL global satisfaction score showed that 100% of patients were satisfied with the improvement of symptoms. The mean VISICK score improved from 3.8 ± 0.39 to 1.2 ± 0.39 (p < 0.05). One patient was returned to the operating theatre to have the wrap loosened due to dysphagia. Eleven patients did not require PPIs after surgery.

Conclusions

ESF significantly improved the VISICK score and GERD-HRQL of post-OAGB patients with refractory bile reflux in the short term. The current study is being continued to increase the sample size and the follow-up period.
Preservation of splitting families and cardinal characteristics of the continuum
Authors: Goldstern Martin , Kellner Jakob , Mejía Diego A. , Shelah Saharon
Published: November 2021

We show how to construct, via forcing, splitting families that are preserved by a certain type of finite support iterations. As an application, we construct a model where 15 classical characteristics of the continuum are pairwise different, concretely: the 10 (non-dependent) entries in Cichoń’s diagram,$$\mathfrak{m}$$m(2-Knaster),$$\mathfrak{p}$$p,$$\mathfrak{h}$$h, the splitting number$$\mathfrak{s}$$sand the reaping number$$\mathfrak{r}$$r.
Is mHealth a useful therapy for improving physical or emotional health in adolescents with cystic fibrosis? A systematic review
Authors: Valero-Moreno Selene , Lacomba-Trejo Laura , Montoya-Castilla Inmaculada , Pérez-Marín Marian
Published: November 2021

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a rare disease that severely compromises health and interferes with the lives of those who suffer from it and is especially challenging in adolescence. The use of tools such as MHealth may benefit the physical and psychological health of adolescents with CF. Therefore, this study aims to examine the benefits of MHealth in adolescents with CF through a systematic review. A search of the scientific literature following the PRISMA guidelines was conducted in the ProQuest Central, PubMed, Web Of Science, Embase and ínDICE databases, resulting in 186 studies, of which seven were selected (based on inclusion and exclusion criteria). Two blinded evaluators conducted the searches, the selection and data extraction process and the quality evaluation of the studies. The agreement between evaluators was excellent in all cases (Kappa ranged from .78 to .96). 214 pediatric CF patients (61.71% female) participated in the final analysis. The mean age was 12.76 years. The studies evaluated different types of mHealth tools, with greater homogeneity in the independent and dependent variables. The quality of the studies analyzed was poor, since these had small samples selected for convenience, conducted non-experimental and low-quality designs, recorded few variables, and their statistical analyses were not sufficiently robust. Further research is needed in this field, improving research designs and considering physical and psychological adjustment variables, as well as patients and family members in the process of health improvement.
Spezifische Membrankontaktstellen bei Pflanzen: wer mit wem, warum und wie
Authors: Falz Anna-Lena , Müller-Schüssele Stefanie J.
Published: November 2021

Cellular membranes can serve as barriers between subcellular compartments, but they can also interact to form dynamically regulated membrane contact sites between a specific pair of organelles. Focussing on plants, this article discusses local redox environments and the current knowledge on membrane contact sites as examples for the dividing and connecting functions of membranes, respectively.
Innovative affinitätsbasierte Markierungen für die High-End-Mikroskopie
Authors: Khayenko Vladimir , Maric Hans Michael
Published: November 2021

Advanced tissue imaging techniques and super resolution microscopy are opening new avenues of investigations in life sciences. These mainly instrumentation-driven innovations require the development of appropriate molecular labelling tools. Here, we discuss currently used and upcoming manipulation-free protein labelling strategies and their potential for the precise and interference-free visualization of endogenous proteins.
Ko-translationale Assemblierung von Proteinkomplexen
Authors: Fenzl Kai , Kramer Günter , Bukau Bernd
Published: November 2021

The majority of cellular proteins exerts their biological activity as oligomeric complexes. The general view was that complexes form by random collision of folded subunits in the cytosol. Recent studies question this view by demonstrating that a surprisingly high number of complexes are formed during translation. Co-translational assembly occurs by interaction either of fully synthesized subunits with nascent partner subunits, or of two nascent polypeptides exposed by proximal ribosomes.
Consistent Clustering Pattern of Prokaryotic Genes Based on Base Frequency at the Second Codon Position and its Association with Functional Category Preference
Authors: Jin Yan-Ting , Ma Cong , Wang Xin , Wang Shu-Xuan , Zhang Kai-Yue , Zheng Wen-Xin , Deng Zixin , Wang Ju , Guo Feng-Biao
Published: November 2021

In 2002, our research group observed a gene clustering pattern based on the base frequency of A versus T at the second codon position in the genome of Vibrio cholera and found that the functional category distribution of genes in the two clusters was different. With the availability of a large number of sequenced genomes, we performed a systematic investigation of A2–T2 distribution and found that 2694 out of 2764 prokaryotic genomes have an optimal clustering number of two, indicating a consistent pattern. Analysis of the functional categories of the coding genes in each cluster in 1483 prokaryotic genomes indicated, that 99.33% of the genomes exhibited a significant difference (p < 0.01) in function distribution between the two clusters. Specifically, functional category P was overrepresented in the small cluster of 98.65% of genomes, whereas categories J, K, and L were overrepresented in the larger cluster of over 98.52% of genomes. Lineage analysis uncovered that these preferences appear consistently across all phyla. Overall, our work revealed an almost universal clustering pattern based on the relative frequency of A2 versus T2 and its role in functional category preference. These findings will promote the understanding of the rationality of theoretical prediction of functional classes of genes from their nucleotide sequences and how protein function is determined by DNA sequence.

Graphical abstract
Helical inchworming: a novel translocation mechanism for a ring ATPase
Authors: Tong Alexander B. , Bustamante Carlos
Published: November 2021

Ring ATPases perform a variety of tasks in the cell. Their function involves complex communication and coordination among the often identical subunits. Translocases in this group are of particular interest as they involve both chemical and mechanical actions in their operation. We study the DNA packaging motor of bacteriophage φ29, and using single-molecule optical tweezers and single-particle cryo-electron microscopy, have discovered a novel translocation mechanism for a molecular motor.
Supporting open, collaborative, evidence-based scholarship: considering the future of perspectives on medical education
Authors: Driessen Erik , Maggio Lauren A. , Chan Teresa , Tolsgaard Martin , Winston Kal
Published: November 2021

None
Vortex reconnections in classical and quantum fluids
Authors: Enciso Alberto , Peralta-Salas Daniel
Published: November 2021

We review recent rigorous results on the phenomenon of vortex reconnection in classical and quantum fluids. In the context of the Navier–Stokes equations in $$\mathbb {T}^3$$

T

3

we show the existence of global smooth solutions that exhibit creation and destruction of vortex lines of arbitrarily complicated topologies. Concerning quantum fluids, we prove that for any initial and final configurations of quantum vortices, and any way of transforming one into the other, there is an initial condition whose associated solution to the Gross–Pitaevskii equation realizes this specific vortex reconnection scenario. Key to prove these results is an inverse localization principle for Beltrami fields and a global approximation theorem for the linear Schrödinger equation.
The Enigma of BIM
Authors: Koutamanis Alexander , Dainty Andy , Kvan Thomas , Turk Žiga
Published: November 2021

This position paper outlines a number of key questions concerning BIM (Building Information Modelling), as well as the arguments and the historical background behind them. These include the incomplete theory of BIM, the reasons for the emergence of understanding BIM as a panacea for all ills in AECO (architecture, engineering, construction and operation of buildings), the relation between BIM promise and BIM performance, some of the key misconceptions and misunderstandings concerning BIM, and fundamental concerns about what is assumed to be the future of BIM. The paper concludes by suggesting four themes for further discussion and research into the nature and future of BIM and of AECO computerization in general: BIM theory, implementation, the view from practice and legislation / policies.
Marketing Fed Cattle Based on Expectations of the Underlying Carcass Value Dynamics
Authors: Poss Madeline , Coatney Kalyn T. , Rivera Daniel , Dinh Thu , Little Randall D. , Maples Josh G.
Published: November 2021

Fed cattle profitability is determined by complicated dynamic processes of body growth, carcass development, and seasonal prices. A structural model is constructed to contend with all these dynamic processes to predict optimal market timing. Informed simulations are conducted and compared to those observed in the data, as well as to a previous model ignoring the evolution of carcass value. The results indicate that significant improvements to profitability are attainable with the new method. The results also indicate the opportunity cost of not accounting for carcass value, even with error, is more severe than when these dynamics are ignored.
The Field School Syllabus
Authors: Colaninno Carol E. , Beahm Emily L. , Drexler Carl G. , Lambert Shawn P. , Sturdevant Clark H.
Published: November 2021

Research indicates that sexual harassment and assault commonly occur during archaeological field research, and students, trainees, and early career professionals are more frequently subjected to harassing behaviors compared to mid-career and senior scientists. Specific to archaeological education, the undergraduate educational requirement of a field school puts students and trainees in situations where harassment historically has been unchecked. We present the results of a systematic content analysis of 24 sets of field school documents. We analyzed these documents with attention to how field school policies, procedures, and language may impact students’ perceptions of their expected behaviors, logistics and means of reporting, and stated policies surrounding sexual harassment and assault. Coding was conducted using an a priori coding scheme to identify practices that should lead to a safe and supportive field learning environment. Our coding scheme resulted in 11 primary codes that we summarized as three primary themes: (1) field school organization and expected student behavior, (2) logistics of the course, and (3) stated policies surrounding sexual harassment and assault. Based on these themes, we provide recommendations to modify field school documents and practices to create a field school that provides safe opportunities for students to learn.
The Relationship between Beliefs about Emotions and Emotion Regulation: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hong Eun-Jee , Kangas Maria
Published: November 2021

Emotion regulation is a known predictor for psychopathology and a target for treatment. A growing body of literature has examined the role of beliefs about emotions (BEs) in the emotion regulation process, yet the relationship between the two has yet to be systematically evaluated. A systematic review was conducted across five databases and 22 studies that assessed the relationship between BEs and emotion regulation were identified. The findings generally revealed a positive relationship between beliefs about the controllability and goodness of emotions and emotion regulation. There was strong evidence that beliefs about controllability were consistently associated with ‘active’ emotion regulatory strategies. This outcome has important implications for targeting change in therapy. However, further investigation is needed to establish consistent patterns regarding beliefs about the goodness of emotion and emotion regulation using longitudinal designs.
Uptake in newly approved antibiotics prescribed to patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE)
Authors: Suda Katie J. , Traversa Alfredo , Patel Ursula , Poggensee Linda , Fitzpatrick Margaret A. , Wilson Geneva M. , Evans Charlesnika T.
Published: November 2021

We assessed trends in treatment of patients with CRE from 2012 through 2018. We detected decreased utilization of aminoglycosides and colistin and increased utilization in extended-spectrum cephalosporins and ceftazidime-avibactam. We found significant uptake of ceftazidime-avibactam, a newly approved antibiotic, to treat CRE infections.
Experimental investigation of supersonic boundary-layer tripping with a spanwise pulsed spark discharge array
Authors: Tang M.X. , Wu Y. , Zong H.H. , Luo Y.H. , Yang H.S. , Guo S.G.
Published: November 2021

In this paper, a pulsed spark discharge plasma actuator array is deployed to control laminar–turbulent transition in a Mach 3.0 flat-plate boundary layer, and the subtle flow structures are visualized by nanoparticle planar laser scattering (NPLS) technique. Results show that the onset location of turbulence can be brought upstream by plasma actuation, corresponding to forced boundary-layer transition. Hairpin vortex packets evolved from the thermal bulbs play a vital role in the breakdown of laminar flow. With the help of a machine learning tool, all the relevant structures induced by plasma actuation are extracted from NPLS images, and a conceptual model of the hairpin vortex generation is proposed, including three stages: production and lift-up of the high-vorticity region, formation of the

$\varLambda$

vortex and evolution of the hairpin vortex.
Competing Allies: Legal Pluralism, and Gendered Agency in Mumbai’sShariaCourts
Authors: Dutta Sagnik
Published: November 2021

Building upon participant observation in a women’sshariacourt in Mumbai, run by activists of an Islamic feminist movement in India, and its networks with similar alternative dispute resolution forums run by maleqazis(non-state actors trained in Islamic law and Muslim personal law), this article explores the modalities of interaction between non-state actors who adjudicate Muslim personal law in India. It also delineates how gendered agency is shaped in these interactions. This article identifies three aspects of this interaction between male and female non-state actors: (1) everyday cooperation between male and female qazi despite their doctrinal differences; (2) the gradual assertion of female qazi in and through everyday cooperation with male qazi; and (3) institutional competition interlaced with everyday cooperation. I explore a range of interactions including contestation and collaborative contestation between non-state actors, a domain that has not been explored in existing scholarship on legal pluralism. I also draw attention to how we might think about women’s agency in a legal pluralist context beyond a straightforward challenge to male authority and as it is forged at the intersection of individuals, interactions, and institutions. Through a critical exploration of women’s agency, I show how women both inhabit and transform gender norms at an individual and institutional level in their interactions with non-state actors and institutions, expanding scholarship on legal pluralism and gender beyond reified “women’s interests.”
Mental well-being, health, and locus of control in Danish adults before and during COVID-19
Authors: Würtzen Hanne , Clausen Line Helene , Andersen Peter Birkelund , Santini Ziggi Ivan , Erkmen Jakob , Pedersen Heidi Frølund
Published: November 2021

Aim:

The aim of this study was to investigate the possible impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on general health, mental well-being, and experiences of control compared to pre-pandemic populations. Our hypotheses were that we would observe a significantly lower level of psychological well-being and general health in the 2020 sample compared to the pre-pandemic samples, and that we would observe younger age groups to be the most affected.

Method:

Two representative Danish populations (2016, n = 1656) and (2017, n = 3366) were compared to a representative Danish population (2020, n = 1538) sampled during the first lockdown in May 2020. Two-tailed tests of proportions were used to investigate possible differences between samples in proportions reporting poorer mental well-being measured by 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index, general health, and internal locus of control.

Results:

Younger men (aged 18–24) and younger women (aged 18–44) as well as elderly women (aged 65–74) reported lower mental well-being during the early phase of the pandemic compared to the population from 2016. Both women and men in 2020 reported significantly lower levels of internal locus of control compared to the 2017 sample. This was especially true for younger men and women. There were no statistically significant differences in general health between populations.

Discussion:

This study partly supports the hypothesis that the Covid-19 pandemic affected mental well-being negatively among younger persons. However, longitudinal studies are needed to investigate possible long-term effects of the pandemic on mental health and well-being. Further, qualitative studies are needed to investigate the in-depth consequences of Covid-19.
The ability of CROPGRO-Tomato model to simulate the growth characteristics of Thomas F1 tomato cultivar grown under open field conditions
Authors: Muntean N. , Chawdhery R. A. , Potopová V. , Tűrkott L.
Published: November 2021

There are few studies about the ability of CROPGRO-Tomato model to simulate tomato growth under field conditions as a function of both local weather and soil conditions. The aim of this work was to calibrate the CROPGRO-Tomato model, included in the Decision Support System for Agrotechnology Transfer (DSSAT) software, for the Thomas F1 indeterminate tomato cultivar grown under open field conditions at two locations in the Czech Republic with different soil and climate conditions. Additionally, this paper focuses on modelling the impact of compound weather events (CEs) on the growth characteristics of the hybrid field tomato variety. The genotype file, including the main parameters of crop phenology and plant growth, was adapted to the Thomas F1 indeterminate tomato cultivar. The CROPGRO-Tomato model was calibrated by inputting the soil characteristics, weather data and crop management data and then by adjusting the genetic coefficients to simulate the observed Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Above Ground Biomass (AGB)from transplanting to harvest under the farmers' field conditions. The comparison of the LAI simulated by the model and measured under field conditions showed adequate representation with the root mean square error of 0.86 and 1.11 m2/m2. Although there was a good fit for LAI and AGB between the simulated and measured data during the first part of the growing season, increasing differences were found in the growing season with cool-wet and/or hot-dry thresholds of CEs.
Agronomic aspects, chemical composition and digestibility of forage from corn-crotalaria intercropping
Authors: Jara Galeano E. S. , Costa C. M. , Orrico Junior M. A. P. , Fernandes T. , Retore M. , Silva M. S. J. , Orrico A. C. A. , Lopes L. S. , Garcia R. A. , Machado L. A. Z.
Published: November 2021

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different intercropping and spacing arrangements of corn (Zea mays L) and crotalaria (Crotalaria spp) on the agronomic characteristics, chemical composition and forage digestibility. The experiment was distributed in a randomized complete block design with a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial scheme. The treatments were two cultivation systems (corn + Crotalaria juncea (CCJ) intercropping, and corn + Crotalaria ochroleuca (CCO) intercropping), in two spacing arrangements (A1 (corn and crotalaria sown in the same row) and A2 (corn and crotalaria sown in alternate rows)) plus control (single corn monocropping (CSC)), with six replicates per treatment, for 2 years. Forage plants were harvested when the corn grain reached the doughy-farinaceous phenological stage. Forage mass (total and of each species), morphological composition, chemical composition and in vitro digestibility were evaluated. The forage accumulation was higher for the A1 spatial arrangement. In the second year, the highest total forage mass was verified in the CCO intercropping (11 140 kg/ha). The highest corn mass (9402 kg/ha) was observed for CSC. The highest crotalaria mass was observed in the CCJ intercropping in both years. Regarding the chemical composition, CCJ and CCO intercropping had the highest crude protein concentration. The lowest acid detergent fibre concentration was observed in CSC and CCO intercropping, directly reflecting the in vitro dry matter digestibility coefficients. It is concluded that C. ochroleuca, sown between corn rows, had higher forage accumulation and nutritive value among the treatments tested in this experiment.
Diet cost and quality using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 in adults from urban and rural areas of Mexico
Authors: Curi-Quinto Katherine , Unar-Munguía Mishel , Rodríguez-Ramírez Sonia , Röös Elin , Willett Walter C , Rivera Juan A
Published: November 2021

Objective:

To assess the association between diet cost and quality by place of residence.

Design:

We analysed cross-sectional data of the National Health and Nutrition Survey-2012. Diet cost was estimated by linking dietary data, obtained from a 7-d SFFQ, with municipality food prices, which were derived from a national expenditure survey. Diet quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index-2015 (HEI-2015). Association between quintiles of diet cost and HEI-2015 was assessed using linear regression analysis.

Settings:

Mexico.

Participants:

2438 adults (18–59 years).

Results:

Diet cost was positively associated with diet quality (HEI-2015) in urban but not in rural areas. Compared with quintile (Q1) of cost, the increment in diet quality score was 1·17 (95 % CI –0·06, 4·33) for Q2, 2·14 (95 % CI –0·06, 4·33) for Q3, 4·70 (95 % CI 2·62, 6·79) for Q4 and 6·34 (95 % CI 4·20, 8·49) for Q5 (P-trend < 0·001). Individuals in rural v. urban areas on average have higher quality diets at lower cost with higher intakes of whole grains and beans and lower intakes of Na, added sugars and saturated fats. Living in the South, being indigenous and having low socio-economic status were also associated with higher quality diets.

Conclusions:

Diet cost was positively associated with diet quality, but only in urban areas. Further studies are needed to understand the relation between diet cost and quality in rural areas. To improve overall diet quality in Mexico, strategies that aim to reduce the cost of high-quality diets should consider the heterogeneity by place of residence.
A Detailed Interface Characterization of the Explosively Welded Three-Layered Ti Gr 1/Alloy 400/1.4462 Steel Clads Before and After Heat Treatment
Authors: Janusz-Skuza Marta , Bigos Agnieszka , Maj Łukasz , Morgiel Jerzy , Faryna Marek , Sypien Anna , Szulc Zygmunt , Wojewoda-Budka Joanna
Published: November 2021

The presented research focused on the microstructural characteristics of explosively welded three-layered Ti Grade (Gr) 1/Alloy 400/1.4462 steel clads before and after heat treatment being of large practical potential. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses have shown that both interfaces formed between the plates are continuous and without defects. The in-depth examination was dedicated to the upper Ti Gr 1/Alloy 400 interface, located closer to the explosive material, therefore, subjected to more extreme welding conditions. The presence of cubic phase Ti2Ni, hexagonal phase Ni3Ti, and tetragonal phase (CuxNi1−x)2Ti were confirmed within the melted zones, which slightly widened due to annealing, being an essential step in the manufacturing of these modern materials. Transmission electron microscopy observations in the nano scale confirmed the preliminary chemical composition analyses collected with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy in SEM. They additionally revealed the interface zone microstructure transformation due to the annealing. It was evidenced that initially mixed phases in the form of grains, after heat treatment formed irregular bands arranged in the following sequence: Alloy 400/Ni3Ti/(CuxNi1−x)2Ti/Ti2Ni/Ti Gr 1. A clear segregation of Cu and Ni forming two separate layers was also noticed. These diffusion phenomena may influence the strength of the final product, therefore need further studies regarding the prolonged annealing state.
Investigating the Jana Adalat of the 1996–2006 armed conflict in Nepal
Authors: Sangroula Yugichha
Published: November 2021

The Communist Party of Nepal (Maoist) (CPN-M), an organized armed group, engaged in a non-international armed conflict against the Government of Nepal between 1996 and 2006. During the armed conflict, the organized armed group operated a judicial system in the territories under its effective control, called the Jana Adalat (the People's Court). The legitimacy of the Jana Adalat has been a contentious subject matter. This article examines the historical, legal and practical dimensions of the Jana Adalat, especially focusing on the perspectives of the CPN-M.
Kommunikation von Prognose und Erwartungen bei fortgeschrittenen Erkrankungen – eine Gratwanderung in der Praxis
Authors: Eychmüller Steffen , Ramseier Friederike , Zürcher Claudia
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. Das Lebensende vorzubereiten, wichtige Dinge zu planen, die verbleibende Lebenszeit nicht nur mit medizinischen Behandlungen zu verbringen, sondern zu leben, dies sind häufig geäusserte Wünsche von Menschen mit fortschreitenden Krankheiten. Bei Fachpersonen sind prognostische Aussagen gefürchtet. Gleichzeitig kommt es bei Gesprächen über das Thema, was auf die Betroffenen zukommt, sehr oft zu überoptimistischen Versprechungen seitens der Fachpersonen. Eine erweiterte Definition des Prognosebegriffs sowie der behutsame Umgang mit Erwartungen können hier helfen, gemeinsam realistische Ziele zu definieren.
’I Don’t Have a Crystal Ball’ – Why Do Doctors Tend to Avoid Prognostication?
Authors: Janett-Pellegri Camilla , Eychmüller and Steffen
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Uncertainty, fear to harm the patient, discomfort handling the discussion and lack of time are the most cited barriers to prognostic disclosure. Physicians can be reassured that patients desire the truth about prognosis and can manage the discussion without harm, including the uncertainty of the information, if approached in a sensitive manner. Conversational guides could provide support in preparing such difficult conversations. Communicating ’with realism and hope’ is possible, and anxiety is normal for both patients and clinicians during prognostic disclosure. As a clinician pointed out: ’I had asked a mentor once if it ever got easier. – No. But you get better at it.’
Palliative Care in der Neurologie
Authors: Hertler Caroline , Hundsberger Thomas
Published: November 2021

Zusammenfassung. In der Neurologie als Disziplin finden sich klare Überschneidungen mit der Palliative Care. Dennoch findet eine frühe Integration von palliativer Versorgung begleitend zur neurologischen Behandlung eher selten statt, und weiterhin bestehen Missverständnisse in Bezug auf den Zeitpunkt des Einbezugs von Palliative Care und deren Rolle jenseits der oft verwechselten reinen «End-of-Life Care» und Hospizpflege. Ein weiterer Ausbau und die Nutzung der Synergien sollte in den kommenden Jahren integraler Bestandteil beider Disziplinen werden und eine entsprechende Schulung insbesondere junger ärztlicher Kolleginnen und Kollegen im Fokus der Ausbildung stehen.
Combining Cultural Anthropology and Gerontology
Authors: Depner Anamaria
Published: November 2021

Abstract. One of the central objectives of gerontology is to provide categories and criteria for practical application. In contrast, cultural anthropology describes and interprets processes observed in various practical contexts but does not aim to create practical applications. For concepts such as “culture,” this discrepancy in goals might be the source of misunderstandings and even conflicting definitions. Bringing together the perspectives of both disciplines on culture, this paper illustrates the pitfalls of an understanding of culture grounded in geographical origins. It focuses on the situation in Germany and thereby addresses a universal problem using certain conceptions of culture in the context of aging and migration. In conclusion, it presents alternative approaches, while also addressing methodological issues.
Factor Structure and Psychometric Properties of the German Version of the Family Expressiveness Questionnaire (FEQ-GR)
Authors: Zehtner Raphaela I. , Baeurle Cosima L. , Walter Bertram , Stark Rudolf , Hermann Andrea
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Background: This study aimed to develop a German version of the Family Expressiveness Questionnaire (FEQ; Halberstadt, 1983 , 1986 ), which investigates emotional expressiveness within the family context while growing up. While a theoretically derived four-factor structure was postulated, 2- and 3-scale versions have been applied in research. Methods: In Study 1 ( N = 650), these existing models were tested against each other. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for the solution that best fitted the data with half of the sample, and results were cross-validated in the other half. Construct validation was investigated in Study 2 ( N = 225). Results: An acceptable model fit for a three-factor solution was attained in Study 1. In Study 2, correlation patterns indicated a good convergent and discriminant validity. Reliability estimates in both studies were in an acceptable to excellent range. Conclusion: Findings suggest that the FEQ German version is a psychometrically sound instrument for assessing expressiveness within the family.
Polarization sensitive optical coherence tomography with single input for imaging depth-resolved collagen organizations
Authors: Tang Peijun , Kirby Mitchell A. , Le Nhan , Li Yuandong , Zeinstra Nicole , Lu G. Nina , Murry Charles E. , Zheng Ying , Wang Ruikang K.
Published: November 2021

Collagen organization plays an important role in maintaining structural integrity and determining tissue function. Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography (PSOCT) is a promising noninvasive three-dimensional imaging tool for mapping collagen organization in vivo. While PSOCT systems with multiple polarization inputs have demonstrated the ability to visualize depth-resolved collagen organization, systems, which use a single input polarization state have not yet demonstrated sufficient reconstruction quality. Herein we describe a PSOCT based polarization state transmission model that reveals the depth-dependent polarization state evolution of light backscattered within a birefringent sample. Based on this model, we propose a polarization state tracing method that relies on a discrete differential geometric analysis of the evolution of the polarization state in depth along the Poincare sphere for depth-resolved birefringent imaging using only one single input polarization state. We demonstrate the ability of this method to visualize depth-resolved myocardial architecture in both healthy and infarcted rodent hearts (ex vivo) and collagen structures responsible for skin tension lines at various anatomical locations on the face of a healthy human volunteer (in vivo).