bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wikipédia, la chimère du savoir libre
Authors: Chiriac Emanuela
Published: November 2015

Les dernières études font état d’une large utilisation de l’encyclopédie collaborative par les étudiants et même par les enseignants. Son adoption comme outil pédagogique et moyen de diffusion de l’information scientifique risque de remettre en question tout un système de valeurs basé sur l’expertise académique. Loin d’une approche clivante (pour ou contre Wikipédia), dépassée et contre-productive, cet article tâche de faire valoir la perception et l’usage de l’encyclopédie dans le milieu universitaire et, pour lors, d’alimenter une réflexion autour des nouveaux enjeux de la littératie numérique.
Application of Teaching Learning Based Optimization in antenna designing
Authors: Dwivedi S. , Mishra V. , Kosta Y.
Published: November 2015

Numerous optimization techniques are studied and applied on antenna designs to optimize various performance parameters. Authors used many Multiple Attributes Decision Making (MADM) methods, which include, Weighted Sum Method (WSM), Weighted Product Method (WPM), Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), ELECTRE, etc. Of these many MADM methods, TOPSIS and AHP are more widely used decision making methods. Both TOPSIS and AHP are logical decision making approaches and deal with the problem of choosing an alternative from a set of alternatives which are characterized in terms of some attributes. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is explained in detail and compared with WSM and WPM. Authors ﬁ- nally used Teaching-Learning-Based Optimization (TLBO) technique; which is a novel method for constrained antenna design optimization problems.
Conceptual model analysis of the influence of temperature feedbacks on polar amplification
Authors: Payne Ashley E. , Jansen Malte F. , Cronin Timothy W.
Published: November 2015

The role of temperature feedbacks in polar amplification of climate change is examined by comparing the response of idealized high‐ and low‐latitude atmospheric columns to greenhouse gas forcing. An analytic expression for the surface polar amplification factor is derived with a one‐layer atmospheric model and compared to a more detailed column model with two radiative transfer schemes. The modeled temperature profiles result from competition between the stabilizing influences of atmospheric heat flux convergence and atmospheric solar heating (dominant at high latitudes), and the destabilizing influence of surface solar heating (dominant at low latitudes). For a stable high‐latitude radiative‐advective atmosphere, the lapse rate increases with greenhouse gas forcing, leading to a positive feedback, and is dependent on the nature of the forcing—pointing to limitations of the traditional forcing‐feedback framework. For a low‐latitude radiative‐convective atmosphere, the lapse rate decreases, leading to a negative feedback.
Robust statistical properties of the size of large burst events in AE
Authors: Hush P. , Chapman S. C. , Dunlop M. W. , Watkins N. W.
Published: November 2015

Geomagnetic indices provide a comprehensive data set with which to quantify space climate, that is, how the statistical likelihood of activity varies with the solar cycle. We characterize space climate by the AE index burst distribution. Burst sizes are constructed by thresholding the AE time series; a burst is the sum of the excess in the time series for each time interval over which the threshold is exceeded. The distribution of burst sizes is two component with a crossover in behavior at thresholds ≈1000 nT. Above this threshold, we find a range over which the mean burst size varies weakly with threshold for both solar maxima and minima. The burst size distribution of the largest events is exponential. The relative likelihood of these large events varies from one solar maximum and minimum to the next. Given the relative overall activity of a solar maximum/minimum, these results constrain the likelihood of extreme events of a given size.
MERIS full‐resolution total column water vapor: Observing horizontal convective rolls
Authors: Carbajal Henken C. K. , Diedrich H. , Preusker R. , Fischer J.
Published: November 2015

This study presents the first analysis of small‐scale convective structures observed in a total column water vapor (TCWV) field obtained from full‐resolution Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) near‐infrared measurements. The high‐resolution MERIS TCWV field for a high‐pressure event occurring in May over central Europe allows the detection of horizontal convective rolls, due to the observation of parallel bands of alternating low‐ and high‐TCWV values. The bands are aligned parallel to the boundary layer winds obtained from a numerical weather prediction model and radiosonde data. Closer examination further reveals that cloud streets observed in the east extend along bands of maximum TCWV. From a quantitative analysis of the TCWV data, combined with auxiliary data, it is shown that the roll wavelength and aspect ratio can be determined, which are found to be 6.5 km and 4.2, respectively, for this case study.
First simultaneous measurements of Na and K thermospheric layers along with TILs from Arecibo
Authors: Raizada Shikha , Brum C. M. , Tepley C. A. , Lautenbach Jens , Friedman J. S. , Mathews John D. , Djuth F. T. , Kerr Caitlin
Published: November 2015

This work presents the first simultaneous observations of Na and K between 120 and 150 km altitudes along with ionospheric tidal ion layers (TILs) obtained on 30 January 2006 data from Arecibo. The latter displays an average downward phase velocity of ~14.7 ms−1. However, the neutral layers descend together at a much slower velocity of about ~0.69 ms−1. This indicates that thermospheric atomic metal layers are not necessarily associated with TILs. The ratio of the average Na/K abundances in thermosphere is ~35.5 as compared to 150 in the main layer (80–105 km). The long lifetimes of ions at ~140 km implies that neutral layers cannot result from direct neutralization of metal ions in the TILs. We investigate different mechanisms that can deposit neutral atoms at thermospheric altitudes.
Are there new findings in the search for ULF magnetic precursors to earthquakes?
Authors: Masci F. , Thomas J. N.
Published: November 2015

Moore (1964) in a letter published inNaturereported disturbances in geomagnetic field data prior to the 27 March 1964 Alaska earthquake. After the publication of this report, many papers have shown magnetic changes preceding earthquakes. However, a causal relationship between preearthquake magnetic changes and impending earthquakes has never been demonstrated. As a consequence, after 50 years, magnetic disturbances in the geomagnetic field are still candidate precursory phenomena. Some researchers consider the investigation of ultra low frequency (ULF: 0.001–10 Hz) magnetic data the correct approach for identifying precursory signatures of earthquakes. Other researchers, instead, have recently reviewed many published ULF magnetic changes that preceded earthquakes and have shown that these are not actual precursors. The recent studies by Currie and Waters (2014) and Han et al. (2014) aim to provide relevant new findings in the search for ULF magnetic precursory signals. However, in order to contribute to science, alleged precursors must be shown to be valid and reproducible by objective testing. Here we will briefly discuss the state of the art in the search for ULF magnetic precursors, paying special attention to the recent findings of Currie and Waters (2014) and Han et al. (2014). We do not see in these two reports significant evidence that may support the observation of precursory signatures of earthquakes in ULF magnetic records.
Characteristics of lightning leader propagation and ground attachment
Authors: Jiang Rubin , Qie Xiushu , Wang Zhichao , Zhang Hongbo , Lu Gaopeng , Sun Zhuling , Liu Mingyuan , Li Xun
Published: November 2015

The grounding process and the associated leader behavior were analyzed by using high‐speed video record and time‐correlated electric field change for 37 natural negative cloud‐to‐ground flashes. Weak luminous grounded channel was recognized below the downward leader tip in the frame preceding the return stroke, which is inferred as upward connecting leader considering the physical process of lightning attachment, though not directly confirmed by sequential frames. For stepped leader‐first return strokes, the upward connecting leaders tend to be induced by those downward leader branches with brighter luminosity and lower channel tip above ground, and they may accomplish the attachment with great possibility. The upward connecting leaders for 2 out of 61 leader‐subsequent stroke sequences were captured in the frame prior to the return stroke, exhibiting relatively long channel lengths of 340 m and 105 m, respectively. The inducing downward subsequent leaders were of the chaotic type characterized by irregular electric field pulse train with duration of 0.2–0.3 ms. The transient drop of the high potential difference between stepped leader system and ground when the attachment occurred would macroscopically terminate the propagation of those ungrounded branches while would not effectively prevent the development of the existing space stem systems in the low‐conductivity streamer zone apart from the leader tip. When the ungrounded branches are of poor connection with the main stroke channel, their further propagation toward ground would be feasible. These two factors may contribute to the occurrence of multiple grounding within the same leader‐return stroke sequence.
Race‐ and Sex‐Specific Incidence Rates and Predictors of Total Knee Arthroplasty: Seven‐Year Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Collins Jamie E. , Deshpande Bhushan R. , Katz Jeffrey N. , Losina Elena
Published: November 2015

Objective

To determine race‐ and sex‐specific rates of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and to document independent effects of demographic factors on TKA incidence in a population with radiographically confirmed osteoarthritis (OA).

Methods

We used data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative, a US‐based, multicenter longitudinal study of knee OA. We selected subjects with radiographic symptomatic OA at baseline and determined TKA incidence rates (ratio of TKAs to time at risk for TKA) over 84 months of followup. We used multivariable Poisson regression to identify independent associations between demographic factors and TKA utilization.

Results

During the study period there were 223 TKAs among 1,915 subjects for an incidence of 1.9% (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.7–2.2%). The overall rate was 1.9% (95% CI 1.5–2.3%) in men versus 2.0% (95% CI 1.7–2.3%) in women, and 2.2% (95% CI 1.9–2.6%) in whites versus 1.0% (95% CI 0.7–1.5%) in nonwhites. We observed a statistically significant interaction between sex and age (stratified at <65 and ≥65 years at end of followup), wherein male sex was associated with decreased risk of TKA for younger participants (relative risk [RR] 0.32) but not for older participants. Nonwhite race was associated with a decreased risk of TKA for both younger (RR 0.32) and older (RR 0.43) participants.

Conclusion

Our finding that nonwhites were less likely to undergo TKA than whites in adjusted analyses confirms racial differences observed in population‐based studies and underscores the need for interventions to address lower use of TKA among nonwhites with OA.
Analysis of Complete Remission in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients Over a 32‐Year Period
Authors: Medina‐Quiñones Carmen V. , Ramos‐Merino Lucía , Ruiz‐Sada Pablo , Isenberg David
Published: November 2015

Objective

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by an unpredictable and fluctuating course. Although various methods have been developed to measure disease activity, there is still a lack of consensus about the optimal criteria for SLE remission. The principal aim of our study was to identify the number of lupus patients achieving a complete remission (implying that for 3 years there were no clinical or serologic features and no treatment with steroids and immunosuppressive drugs) in a single cohort of patients followed for a period of up to 32 years. In addition, we have identified patients in clinical but not serologic remission (known as serologically active, clinically quiescent disease [SACQ]) and vice versa. We were particularly interested to determine the factors associated with complete remission.

Methods

Eligible patients were followed up in the University College Hospital Lupus cohort from January 1978 until December 2010 for a period of at least 3 years. Complete remission was defined as a period of at least 3 years with clinical inactivity (British Isles Lupus Assessment Group scores of C, D, or E only) and laboratory remission (no antibodies to double‐stranded DNA and normal complement C3 levels), and being off‐treatment with corticosteroids and immunosuppressants. Antimalarial and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs were allowed.

Results

Of 624 lupus patients at our hospital, a total of 532 patients met the strict inclusion criteria for the study. Of these 532 patients, 77 patients (14.5%) achieved complete remission for at least 3 years, and 23 (4.3%) achieved complete remission for a minimum period of 10 years. Ten of these 77 patients were subsequently lost to followup, and, interestingly, flares occurred subsequently in 15 of the 67 remaining patients (22.4%). Three patients relapsed after the tenth year of remission. Forty‐five patients (8.5%) fulfilled the requirement for SACQ, and 66 patients (12.4%) achieved only serologic remission.

Conclusion

Our study indicated that 14.5% of lupus patients achieved a complete remission for 3 years. However, flares may continue to occur beyond 10 years of remission. Long‐term followup of SLE is therefore mandatory.
Cost‐Effectiveness Model for Evaluating New Diagnostic Tests in the Evaluation of Patients With Inflammatory Arthritis at Risk of Having Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Luime Jolanda J. , Buisman Leander R. , Oppe Mark , Hazes Johanna M. W. , Rutten‐van Mölken Maureen P. M. H.
Published: November 2015

Objective

New opportunities have emerged for early diagnosis with the arrival of new technologies that assess the impact of genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and cytomics on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk. This early health technology assessment study assesses the short‐term cost effectiveness of 4 add‐on diagnostic tests in early inflammatory arthritis patients at risk of RA.

Methods

We modeled 4 diagnostic add‐on tests to the American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism 2010 RA classification criteria, covering the first year after diagnosis, using Rotterdam Early Arthritis Cohort data. Sensitivity, specificity, and costs were assigned to the magnetic resonance imaging of hands and feet (sensitivity 0.90, specificity 0.60, cost €756), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) serum level test (sensitivity 0.70, specificity 0.53, cost €50), B cell–related gene expression (sensitivity 0.60, specificity 0.90, cost €150), and gene assay for RA (sensitivity 0.40, specificity 0.85, cost €750), based on literature and expert opinion. Outcomes were evaluated using the unweighted diagnostic net benefit (UDNB) and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) in all patients (n = 552), intermediate‐risk patients (n = 263), and seronegative patients (n = 329).

Results

The highest UDNB was found when using the B cell assay in intermediate‐risk patients (43%, ICER €5,314), while the IL‐6 test in seronegative patients resulted in the lowest UDNB (−11.4%, ICER €7,650). If a threshold of €20,000 is applied, the B cell assay would be preferred over the other alternatives, with a 78% probability of being cost effective for intermediate‐risk patients, 57% for all patients, and 73% for seronegative patients.

Conclusion

Diagnostic add‐on tests favoring specificity over sensitivity with a headroom less than €370 per test are cost effective, with the largest diagnostic benefit occurring in intermediate‐risk patients.
Polymer Foams Made of Immiscible Polymer Blends Compatibilized by Janus Particles—Effect of Compatibilization on Foam Morphology
Authors: Bärwinkel Stefanie , Bahrami Ronak , Löbling Tina I. , Schmalz Holger , Müller Axel H. E. , Altstädt Volker
Published: November 2015

Polymer blends have the potential to be homogenously foamed, since the interface area between their phases can be used as bubble nucleating agents during the foaming process. Immiscible polymer blends of poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene ether) PPE and poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) SAN with a weight ratio of 60/40 are compatibilized by different amounts (1–10 wt%) of Janus nanoparticles (JPs). Here, we report on the nucleation effect of JPs and the dispersed PPE phase on the foaming behavior of PPE/SAN blends. The plasticization of CO2and its solubility and diffusion behavior in the PPE/SAN blend are analyzed and correlated to blend morphologies. It is shown that partial coverage of the raspberry structure results in stress concentration at the blend interface during the saturation step. This formation of new surfaces by cleavage (and maybe microcrazes) results in a higher sorption of the blowing agent, which affects the foaming behavior. Through temperature‐induced batch foaming with CO2, the blends are foamed to find the optimum foaming conditions and relationships between the morphology of the compact and foamed blends (cellular structure) and the density are established. Finally, it was concluded that by using Janus particles, homogenous foams with small cell sizes, and relatively high densities are produced.
Highly Efficient Solid‐State Near‐Infrared Emitting Material Based on Triphenylamine and Diphenylfumaronitrile with an EQE of 2.58% in Nondoped Organic Light‐Emitting Diode
Authors: Han Xiao , Bai Qing , Yao Liang , Liu Haichao , Gao Yu , Li Jinyu , Liu Liqun , Liu Yulong , Li Xiaoxiao , Lu Ping , Yang Bing
Published: November 2015

The development of efficient near‐infrared (NIR) emitting material is of current focus. Donor–acceptor (D–A) architecture has been proved to be an effective strategy to obtain narrow energy gap. Herein, a D–A‐type NIR fluorescent compound 2,3‐bis(4′‐(diphenylamino)‐[1,1′‐biphenyl]‐4‐yl)fumaronitrile (TPATCN) is synthesized and fully characterized. As revealed by theoretical calculations and photophysical experiments, TPATCN exerts the advantages of the relatively large dipole moment of the charge transfer state and a certain degree of orbital overlap of the local excited state. A highly mixed or hybrid local and charge transfer excited state might occur to simultaneously achieve both a large fraction of singlet formation and a high quantum efficiency in D–A system. TPATCN exhibits strong NIR fluorescence with the corresponding thin film quantum efficiency of 33% and the crystal efficiency of 72%. Remarkably, the external quantum efficiency of nondoped NIR organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) reaches 2.58% and remains fairly constant over a range of 100–300 mA cm−2, which is among the best results for NIR OLEDs reported so far.
Longitudinal Change in Thigh Muscle Strength Prior to and Concurrent With Minimum Clinically Important Worsening or Improvement in Knee Function: Data From the Osteoarthritis Initiative
Authors: Ruhdorfer Anja , Wirth Wolfgang , Eckstein Felix
Published: November 2015

Objective

To investigate whether a clinically relevant change in knee function in patients with or at risk for osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is associated with concurrent or prior change in thigh muscle strength.

Methods

Participants in the Osteoarthritis Initiative (n = 2,675 [1,485 women and 1,190 men]) with available measurements of isometric muscle strength at baseline, 2‐year follow‐up, and 4‐year follow‐up were grouped into those with greater than minimum clinically important worsening (score of ≥6 [of a possible 68] on the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index function subscale) between 2‐year follow‐up and 4‐year follow‐up, those with greater than minimum clinically important improvement, and those without relevant change. Changes in isometric muscle strength concurrent with function change (between 2‐year follow‐up and 4‐year follow‐up) and preceding function change (between baseline and 2‐year follow‐up), with 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs), were determined, and differences between groups were assessed by analysis of covariance.

Results

Concurrent loss in extensor muscle strength in participants with worsening knee function during the 2‐year follow‐up−4‐year follow‐up period differed significantly from that in participants without change in knee function (−4.6% [95% CI −6.8, −2.4] and −2.2% [95% CI −3.0, −1.4], respectively; P = 0.03), as did the concurrent increase in strength among those with functional improvement (2.2% [95% CI −0.3, 4.7]; P < 0.0001). This increase in strength among subjects with improved function remained significantly different from the change in subjects with no change in function after adjustment for covariates, but was preceded by a greater loss in strength (−7.7% [95% CI −10.3, −5.0], P = 0.02) during the baseline−year 2 period compared to those without change in function during the year 2−year 4 period (−4.3% [95% CI −5.2, −3.4]). The decrease in strength during the baseline−year 2 period in those with worsening knee function during the year 2−year 4 period (−4.5% [95% CI −6.9, −2.2]) did not differ significantly from that in patients without a change in function (P = 0.87). No differences in changes in flexor muscle strength were observed between groups.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that there is a positive concurrent longitudinal association between change in extensor muscle strength and worsening/improvement in knee function in patients with knee OA. However, a corresponding change in thigh muscle strength preceding the change in function was not observed.
In Vivo Therapeutic Success of MicroRNA‐155 Antagomir in a Mouse Model of Lupus Alveolar Hemorrhage
Authors: Zhou Shiyu , Wang Yan , Meng Yao , Xiao Chunyuan , Liu Zheng , Brohawn Philip , Higgs Brandon W. , Jallal Bahija , Jia Qian , Qu Bo , Huang Xinfang , Tang Yuanjia , Yao Yihong , Harley John B. , Shen Nan
Published: November 2015

Objective

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage (DAH) is a rare but life‐threatening complication of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Pristane‐treated B6 mice develop severe DAH within 2 weeks of treatment. MicroRNA‐155 (miR‐155) is a pleiotropic microRNA that plays a crucial role in the regulation of immune responses. Recent studies have revealed a pathogenic role of miR‐155 in various autoimmune disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of miR‐155 in the development of DAH in pristane‐induced lupus using miR‐155–knockout (miR‐155−/−) mice and miR‐155 antagomir to silence miR‐155.

Methods

DAH was induced by an intraperitoneal injection of 0.5 ml of pristane. MicroRNA‐155 antagomir was administered intravenously to silence miR‐155 expression. Lung tissues were collected for RNA extraction and were embedded in paraffin for sectioning. Gene expression profiling data were analyzed using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used for single‐gene validation. Luciferase reporter assay and argonaute 2 immunoprecipitation were performed for target validation.

Results

MicroRNA‐155 expression was significantly increased during the development of DAH. Disease progression was reduced in miR‐155−/− mice as well as by in vivo silencing of miR‐155 using a miR‐155 antagomir. MicroRNA‐155 silencing dampened pristane‐induced ectopic activation of multiple inflammatory pathways and reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Several negative regulators of NF‐κB signaling were inhibited by pristane and were reactivated in miR‐155−/− mice. In particular, the antiinflammatory factor peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor α was identified as a direct target of miR‐155.

Conclusion

MicroRNA‐155 promotes pristane‐induced lung inflammation. It contributes to ectopic activation of NF‐κB signaling pathways by targeting multiple negative regulators. MicroRNA‐155 antagomir may be a promising therapeutic strategy for treating acute lung inflammation in lupus.
The Incidence and Risk Factors for Psoriatic Arthritis in Patients With Psoriasis: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Eder Lihi , Haddad Amir , Rosen Cheryl F. , Lee Ker‐Ai , Chandran Vinod , Cook Richard , Gladman Dafna D.
Published: November 2015

Objective

To estimate the incidence of psoriatic arthritis (PsA) in patients with psoriasis, and to identify risk factors for its development.

Methods

The study was designed as a prospective cohort study involving psoriasis patients who did not have a diagnosis of arthritis at the time of study enrollment. Information was collected about lifestyle habits, comorbidities, psoriasis activity, and medications. Patients who developed inflammatory arthritis or spondylitis were classified as having PsA if they fulfilled the criteria of the Classification of Psoriatic Arthritis Study group. The annual incidence of PsA was estimated using an event per person‐years analysis. Cox proportional hazards models, involving fixed and time‐dependent explanatory variables, were fitted to obtain estimates of the relative risk (RR) of the onset of PsA, determined in multivariate models stratified by sex and controlled for age at onset of psoriasis.

Results

The data obtained from the 464 patients who were followed up for 8 years were analyzed. A total of 51 patients developed PsA during the 8 years since enrollment. The annual incidence rate of PsA was 2.7 cases (95% confidence interval 2.1–3.6) per 100 psoriasis patients. The following baseline variables were associated with the development of PsA in multivariate analysis: severe psoriasis (RR 5.4, P = 0.006), low level of education (university/college versus high school incomplete RR 0.22, P = 0.005; high school graduate versus high school incomplete RR 0.30, P = 0.049), and use of retinoid medications (RR 3.4, P = 0.02). In multivariate models with time‐dependent variables, psoriatic nail pitting (RR 2.5, P = 0.002) and uveitis (RR 31.5, P = 0.0002) were associated with the development of PsA.

Conclusion

The incidence of PsA in patients with psoriasis is higher than previously reported. A severe psoriasis phenotype, presence of nail pitting, low level of education, and uveitis are predictive of the development of PsA in patients with psoriasis.
Robust Adaptive Soft Landing Control of an Electromagnetic Valve Actuator for Camless Engines
Authors: Mercorelli Paolo
Published: November 2015

This paper deals with a signal‐based robust adaptive approximation technique for a proportional derivative (PD) regulator which is applied to an electromagnetic valve actuator control for camless internal combustion engines. PD regulators generate very high spikes in the presence of unavoidable noise. These spikes cause high power dissipation and poor dynamic performance with a lack of precision. The presented method allows the reduction of the noise and not robust nonlinear uncertainties effects by using minimum variance analysis. The technique with which the PD regulator is approximated does not depend on the model of the controlled system. Hence, the technique is quite general and can be applied to any type of system. In addition, this paper describes a feasible real‐time self‐tuning of an approximated discrete PD regulator using a backward Euler technique. The main contribution of the paper is the presentation of an approximated PD controller using a minimum variance control strategy together with a weighted least squares method to adapt the parameters of this approximated controller. This control law realises a robust control technique with respect to the noise and nonlinear uncertainties. Moreover, a comparison with the approximate PD controller proposed in MATLAB by Mathworks is provided. The presented technique ensures a good dynamic performance, including low dissipation as well as accurate positioning and soft landing control.
Interaction between fasudil hydrochloride and bovine serum albumin: spectroscopic study
Authors: Yu Xianyong , Jiang Bingfei , Xun Caifang , Yao Qing
Published: November 2015

The interaction between fasudil hydrochloride (FSD) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated using fluorescence and ultraviolet spectroscopy under imitated physiological conditions. The Stern–Volmer quenching model has been successfully applied and the results revealed that FSD could quench the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA effectively via static quenching. The binding constants and binding sites for the BSA–FSD system were evaluated. The corresponding thermodynamic parameters obtained at different temperatures indicated that hydrophobic force played a major role in the interaction of FSD and BSA. The distance between the donor (BSA) and the acceptor (FSD) was obtained according to fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET). Synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy and FT‐IR spectra showed that the conformation of BSA was changed in the presence of FSD. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Polarity‐based fractionation in proteomics: hydrophilic interaction vs reversed‐phase liquid chromatography
Authors: Jafari M. , Mirzaie M. , Khodabandeh M. , Rezadoost H. , Ghassempour A. , Aboul‐Enein H. Y.
Published: November 2015

During recent decades, hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) ahs been introduced to fractionate or purify especially polar solutes such as peptides and proteins while reversed‐phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) is also a common strategy. RPLC is also a common dimension in multidimensional chromatography. In this study, the potential of HILIC vs RPLC chromatography was compared for proteome mapping of human peripheral blood mononuclear cell extract. In HILIC a silica‐based stationary phase and for RPLC a C18 column were applied. Then separated proteins were eluted to an ion trap mass spectrometry system. Our results showed that the HILIC leads to more proteins being identified in comparison to RPLC. Among the total 181 identified proteins, 56 and 38 proteins were fractionated specifically by HILIC and RPLC, respectively. In order to demonstrate this, the physicochemical properties of identified proteins such as polarity and hydrophobicity were considered. This analysis indicated that polarity may play a major role in the HILIC separation of proteins vs RPLC. Using gene ontology enrichment analysis, it was also observed that differences in physicochemical properties conform to the cellular compartment and biological features. Finally, this study highlighted the potential of HILIC and the great orthogonality of RPLC in gel‐free proteomic studies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
α‐Methylenation of Methyl Propanoate by the Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Methanol
Authors: Lorusso Patrizia , Coetzee Jacorien , Eastham Graham R. , Cole‐Hamilton David J.
Published: November 2015

A one‐pot system for the conversion of methyl propanoate (MeP) to methyl methacrylate (MMA) has been investigated. In particular, this study is focused on the possibility of performing catalytic dehydrogenation of methanol for the in situ production of anhydrous formaldehyde, which is then consumed in a one‐pot base‐catalysed condensation with MeP to afford methyl 3‐hydroxy‐2‐methylpropanoate, which spontaneously dehydrogenates to MMA, some of which is subsequently hydrogenated to methyl 2‐methypropanoate (MiBu).
ChemInform Abstract: Crystallographic and Magnetic Descriptions of a Novel Erbium Rich Aluminide: Er10Co1+xAl3‐x (x = 0.30).
Authors: Nasri N. , Pasturel Mathieu , Dorcet V. , Belgacem B. , Ben Hassen R. , Tougait O.
Published: November 2015

Er10Co1.3Al2.7 is prepared by arc melting of the elements followed by annealing (alumina crucible in evacuated silica ampoule, 1123 K, 1 week).
ChemInform Abstract: High‐Pressure Synthesis, Crystal Structures, and Properties of CdMn7O12 and SrMn7O12 Perovskites.
Authors: Glazkova Yana S. , Terada Noriki , Matsushita Yoshitaka , Katsuya Yoshio , Tanaka Masahiko , Sobolev Alexey V. , Presniakov Igor A. , Belik Alexei A.
Published: November 2015

CdMn7O12 (I) and SrMn7‐xFexO12 (x = 0 (II), 0.08, 0.5) perovskites are prepared by hot pressing of stoichiometric mixtures of Mn2O3, MnO2, and CdO as well as Mn2O3, Fe2O3, and 4H‐SrMnO3, resp.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Garnet‐Type Li7La3Zr2O12 by Coprecipitation Method.
Authors: Hamao Naoki , Akimoto Junji
Published: November 2015

The title compound is synthesized by calcination (air, alumina crucible, 950 °C, 10 h) of a mixture of LiOH·H2O and a precursor obtained by coprecipitation from an aqueous solution of LaCl3, ZrOCl2, and LiOH.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Quinary Nitride: Li3Ca4(Ga3Ge)N8.
Authors: Park Dong Gon , DiSalvo Francis J.
Published: November 2015

Single crystals of the title compound are synthesized from mixtures of the corresponding metals and NaN3 in molten Na (Na:Ge:Ga:Ca:Li = 13:1:1:0.5:0.5, 760 °C, 48 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Single Crystal Study of CuMn3As2 and Cu2Mn4As3.
Authors: Uhlirova Klara , Tarasenko Robert , Martinez‐Casado Francisco Javier , Vondrackova Barbora , Matej Zdenek
Published: November 2015

Single crystals of CuMn3As2 (I) and Cu2Mn4As3 (II) are obtained from the elements in a Bi flux (Cu:Mn:As:Bi = 0.8:1.2:1:12; alumina crucible in evacuated quartz ampoule, 850 °C, 10 h).
ChemInform Abstract: High Pressure Synthesis of a New Phase of YbAg2: Structure, Valence of Yb and Properties.
Authors: Tsvyashchenko A. V. , et al.
Published: November 2015

YbAg2 is obtained by melting the constituent elements under a pressure of 5 GPa (rock‐salt tubular ampoules with Ag end caps in a toroid‐type pressure cell, 1450 °C).
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed‐Valent Selenium Ligands in the Uncharged Iridium Complexes [Ir4Se10Br16] and [Ir6Se8Cl30].
Authors: Stolze Karoline , Rasche Bertold , Ruck Michael
Published: November 2015

The crystal structures of the new compounds (IV) and (VI) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Enantioselective Aza‐Michael Reaction of Benzotriazole to β,β‐Disubstituted Nitroalkenes.
Authors: Chen Sheng‐Wei , Zhang Gui‐Cheng , Lou Qin‐Xin , Cui Wei , Zhang Sha‐Sha , Hu Wen‐Hui , Zhao Jun‐Ling
Published: November 2015

leading to Michael adducts (III) bearing a quaternary stereogenic center
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐(Benzylamino)cyclobutanones.
Authors: Melis Nicola , Ghisu Lorenza , Guillot Regis , Caboni Pierluigi , Secci Francesco , Aitken David J. , Frongia Angelo
Published: November 2015

via tandem condensation/intramolecular rearrangement/proton transfer reaction of hydroxycyclobutanone and various secondary amines
ChemInform Abstract: New Phosphine—Imine Ligands Derived from D‐Gluco‐ and D‐Galactosamine in Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation.
Authors: Szulc Izabela , Kolodziuk Robert , Kryczka Boguslaw , Zawisza Anna
Published: November 2015

It is demonstrated, that the carbohydrate based new phosphine‐imine (DGA) is an efficient ligand for the asymmetric allylic alkylation of acetate (I) with malonates.
ChemInform Abstract: [2:1] and [2:2] Cycloadducts from N‐Sulfonylamines and Azomethines.
Authors: Lender Andreas , Walker Nigel P. C. , Schaumann Ernst
Published: November 2015

The cycloaddition of N‐sulfonylamine (I) with azomethine (II) gives 2:1 cycloadduct (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Photoredox‐Catalyzed Reductive Coupling of Aldehydes, Ketones, and Imines with Visible Light.
Authors: Nakajima Masaki , Fava Eleonora , Loescher Sebastian , Jiang Zhen , Rueping Magnus
Published: November 2015

In the photocatalytic protocol tributylamine acts not only as an electron donor but also serves to activate the substrates, thus allowing the coupling of aldehydes, ketones, and imines under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Formation of Carbonyl Compounds from Amines Through Oxidative C—N Bond Cleavage Using Visible Light Photocatalysis and Applications to N‐PMB‐Amide Deprotection.
Authors: Iqbal Naeem , Cho Eun Jin
Published: November 2015

Blue LEDs are applied as light source.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Rh Phosphine—Phosphite Catalysts Immobilized on Ionic Resins for the Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Olefins in Water.
Authors: Kleman P. , Barbaro P. , Pizzano A.
Published: November 2015

High conversions and high enantioselectivities are obtained in the hydrogenation of acrylates of type (I) using a chiral rhodium catalyst immobilized on an ionic resin.
ChemInform Abstract: Design of Modified Amine Transfer Reagents Allows the Synthesis of α‐Chiral Secondary Amines via CuH‐Catalyzed Hydroamination.
Authors: Niu Dawen , Buchwald Stephen L.
Published: November 2015

The described method for the synthesis of chiral secondary amines uses a modified monoalkylamine transfer reagent, which limits side and competitive reactions of previously reported methods.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct N‐Methylation Reaction Using DMSO as One‐Carbon Bridge: Convenient Access to Heterocycle‐Containing β‐Amino Ketones.
Authors: Sun Kai , Wang Xin , Jiang Yongqing , Lv Yunhe , Zhang Liping , Xiao Beibei , Li Donghui , Zhu Zhonghong , Liu Lin
Published: November 2015

A series of acetyl heteroarenes (I) and (V) are selectively converted into the corresponding β‐amino ketones (IV) via a novel oxidative C—S bond cleavage reaction of DMSO (II) for dual C—C and C—N bond formation.
ChemInform Abstract: Iodoarene‐Catalyzed Stereospecific Intramolecular sp3 C—H Amination: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Insights.
Authors: Zhu Chendan , Liang Yong , Hong Xin , Sun Heqing , Sun Wei‐Yin , Houk K. N. , Shi Zhuangzhi
Published: November 2015

A new method for preparation of γ‐lactams through iodoarene‐catalyzed intramolecular amination is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Arylation of 5‐Iodouracil and 5‐Iodouridine with Heteroarenes and Benzene via Photochemical Reaction.
Authors: Yang Qian , Wei Tao , He Yun , Liang Yong , Zhang Zun‐Ting
Published: November 2015

The radical arylation reactions proceed smoothly without use of transition metals or ligands.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium Nanoparticles Supported on Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Silica as Trifunctional Heterogeneous Catalysts for Heck and Suzuki Reactions.
Authors: Oger Nicolas , Le Grognec Erwan , Felpin Francois‐Xavier
Published: November 2015

The catalyst is successfully applied in the 3‐step synthesis of the fungicide boscalid (XVII).
ChemInform Abstract: A Modified Procedure for the Palladium Catalyzed Borylation/Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides Utilizing Bis‐boronic Acid.
Authors: Molander Gary A. , Trice Sarah L.J. , Tschaen Brittany
Published: November 2015

Notable advantages of the improved one‐pot protocol using ethylene glycol as an additive are increased yields, shorter reaction times and a broader substrate scope.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Alcohols by Using Less‐Hindered Nitroxyl‐Radical/Copper Catalysis: Optimum Catalyst Combinations and Their Substrate Scope.
Authors: Sasano Yusuke , Kogure Naoki , Nishiyama Tomohiro , Nagasawa Shota , Iwabuchi Yoshiharu
Published: November 2015

The corresponding carbonyl compounds are efficiently obtained under mild reaction conditions from various alcohols, including highly hindered and heteroatom‐rich ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Nucleophilic Difluoro(trimethylsilyl)methylation of Arylidene Meldrum′s Acids.
Authors: Volodin Alexander D. , Zemtsov Artem A. , Levin Vitalij V. , Struchkova Marina I. , Dilman Alexander D.
Published: November 2015

The addition of arylidene Meldrum′s acid with difluoro(trimethylsilyl)methyl zinc bromide (II) followed by hydrolization, decarboxylation and esterification affords β‐Me3SiCF2 substituted esters of type (V).
ChemInform Abstract: A Metal‐Free Approach for Transamidation of Amides with Amines in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Srinivas Mahesuni , Hudwekar Abhinandan D. , Venkateswarlu Vunnam , Reddy G. Lakshma , Kumar K. A. Aravinda , Vishwakarma Ram A. , Sawant Sanghapal D.
Published: November 2015

The title method furnishing amides in excellent yields can be carried out under microwave irradiation as well as conventional heating conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Polycycles by Single or Double Domino Nucleophilic Substitution/Diels—Alder Reaction.
Authors: Camps Pelayo , Lozano David , Font‐Bardia Merce
Published: November 2015

Key step in the synthesis of novel bridged polycycles is a single or double domino nucleophilic substitution of neopentyl‐type iodides with potassium cyclopentadienide, followed by an intramolecular Diels—Alder cycloaddition.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light Photoredox Catalysis: Regioselective Radical Addition of Aminoalkyl Radicals to 2,3‐Allenoates.
Authors: Dai Xiaojun , Mao Renjie , Guan Baochuan , Xu Xiaoliang , Li Xiaonian
Published: November 2015

Unsaturated γ‐aminobutyric ester derivatives are efficiently obtained by a simple method.
ChemInform Abstract: Aryl Alkyl Carbene—Pd Complex Assisted C—Cl Bond Activation: An Unprecedented Cross‐Coupling Route to trans‐Stilbenes.
Authors: Jha Abadh Kishor , Kishor Shyam , Jain Nidhi
Published: November 2015

Trans‐stilbenes are highly regio‐ and stereospecifically obtained by microwave assisted reaction of various aryl chlorides with 1‐(bromoethyl)benzene.
ChemInform Abstract: Sonogashira Cross‐Coupling in a Designer Ionic Liquid (IL) Without Copper, External Base, or Additive, and with Recycling and Reuse of the IL.
Authors: Srinivas Reddy A. , Laali Kenneth K.
Published: November 2015

The facile protocol uses the ionic liquid (ILQ), which acts as both solvent and base in the Sonogashira coupling to afford a wide variety of internal alkynes including SF5‐substituted derivatives (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne‐Mediated Approach to the Synthesis of (4R,5R)‐5‐Hydroxy‐4‐decanolide and (‐)‐Muricatacin.
Authors: Raji Reddy Chada , Suman Devatha , Narsimha Rao Nagavaram
Published: November 2015

(4R,5R)‐5‐hydroxy‐4‐decanolide (IIIa) and (‐)‐muricatacin (IIIb) are stereoselectively synthesized starting in a new six‐step reaction sequence involving the Sonogashira coupling for the desired carbon‐chain extension followed by Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation to construct the hydroxy‐lactone framework as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: An Alternative to Precious Metals: Hg(ClO4)2·3H2O as a Cheap and Water‐Tolerant Catalyst for the Cycloisomerization of Allenols.
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Luna Amparo , Soriano Elena
Published: November 2015

A wide range of 2,5‐dihydrofurans are efficiently and selectively obtained by Hg‐catalyzed cycloisomerization of allenols.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Thiolative Lactonization of Internal Alkynes Bearing a Hydroxyl Group with Carbon Monoxide and Organic Disulfides Catalyzed by Transition‐Metal Complexes
Authors: Higashimae Shinya , Tamai Taichi , Nomoto Akihiro , Ogawa Akiya
Published: November 2015

Pd(PPh3)4 or Co2(CO)8
ChemInform Abstract: Practical, Modular, and General Synthesis of 3‐Coumaranones Through Gold‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Alkyne Oxidation Strategy.
Authors: Shu Chao , Liu Rongfu , Liu Shuang , Li Jian‐Qiao , Yu Yong‐Fei , He Qiao , Lu Xin , Ye Long‐Wu
Published: November 2015

The Au‐catalyzed intramolecular alkyne oxidation of 2‐ethynylanisoles (I) using quinoline N‐oxides as oxidants affords title compounds (II) in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Domino One‐Pot Process for the Synthesis of Isobenzofuran‐1(3H)‐ones via [Cu]‐Catalysis Using Water as the Green Solvent.
Authors: Mahendar Lodi , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: November 2015

The title benzofurans are efficiently obtained by a one‐pot CuI‐catalyzed domino intermolecular cyanation‐oxacyclization‐hydrolysis sequence under environmentally benign reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Borylative Dearomatization of Indoles Through Copper(I) Catalysis.
Authors: Kubota Koji , Hayama Keiichi , Iwamoto Hiroaki , Ito Hajime
Published: November 2015

The use of a chiral bisphosphine‐copper(I) complex as catalyst allows for the regio‐ and enantioselective addition of an active borylcopper(I) species to indole‐2‐carbaldehydes followed by diastereoselective protonation to give indoline derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot, Three‐Component and Solvent‐Free Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Isoindolin‐1‐ones.
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Peytam Fariba , Zainali Mohsen , Zhu Long‐Guan , Wu Jing
Published: November 2015

Simply heating a mixture of β‐dicarbonyl compounds, benzylamines, and acid (II) under solvent‐free conditions gives isoindolines in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: [3 + 2] Annulations Between Indoles and α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones: Access to Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles and Model Reactions Toward the Originally Assigned Structure of Yuremamine.
Authors: Li Haokun , Wang Zhonglei , Zu Liansuo
Published: November 2015

The highly functionalized title indoles are rapidly obtained in a single step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic Carbonates Catalyzed by Aluminum Heteroscorpionate Complexes.
Authors: Martinez Javier , Castro‐Osma Jose A. , Earlam Amy , Alonso‐Moreno Carlos , Otero Antonio , Lara‐Sanchez Agustin , North Michael , Rodriguez‐Dieguez Antonio
Published: November 2015

A newly developed aluminum heteroscorpionate complex is used for transformation reactions of various substituted epoxides into the corresponding carbonates.
ChemInform Abstract: Practical Synthesis of Polysubstituted Haloimidazoles from 1,1‐Dibromoalkenes and Amidines.
Authors: Li Yibiao , Cheng Liang , Shao Yan , Jiang Shaohua , Cai Jialing , Qing Ning
Published: November 2015

Bromoalkynes, generated in situ from 1,1‐dibromoalkenes, undergo copper‐catalyzed cycloamination reactions with amidines or pyridin‐2‐amine to give highly functionalized bromoimidazoles.
ChemInform Abstract: Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of Monofluorinated Functionalized 4H‐Pyran Derivatives via Multi‐Component Reactions.
Authors: Xu Xiaoling , Shi Wei , Zhou Yu , Wang Yang , Zhang Min , Song Liping , Deng Hongmei
Published: November 2015

The multicomponent reaction of ethyl 2‐fluoroacetoacetate, malononitrile, aromatic aldehydes, and ethanol affords monofluorinated functionalized 4H‐pyran derivatives of type (V).
ChemInform Abstract: The N,N′‐Dioxide/Ni(II)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction of Methyleneindolinones with Hetero‐Substituted Alkenes.
Authors: Zhou Yuhang , Lin Lili , Yin Chengkai , Wang Zhengmeng , Liu Xiaohua , Feng Xiaoming
Published: November 2015

The scalable title reaction of various methyleneindolinones with mono‐ and 1,1‐disubstituted acyclic vinyl ethers, ethylvinyl sulfide (X) and dihydropyran (XII) delivers the corresponding products in high yield, with high to excellent diastereomeric excess and with excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Nucleophilic Dearomatization of Pyridines by Anion‐Binding Catalysis.
Authors: Garcia Mancheno Olga , Asmus Soeren , Zurro Mercedes , Fischer Theresa
Published: November 2015

The one‐pot dearomatization of pyridines involves the in situ formation of N‐Troc pyridinium chloride salts followed by nucleophilic addition of ketene acetal (III) in the presence of chiral hydrogen donor catalyst (CTR).
ChemInform Abstract: Thermal Reactions Involving 1‐Azadienes and Allenic Esters‐(II): Reactions of 3‐(N‐Aryliminomethyl)chromones with Allenic Esters—Tandem Reorganization of [2 + 2] Cycloadducts to Novel Compounds.
Authors: Kapur Ashish , Sharma Vishal , Kaur Amandeep , Parashar Poonam , Kanwal Priyanka , Gupta Vivek , Ishar Mohan Paul S.
Published: November 2015

The course of the title reaction depends on the substituents on the allenic esters providing three different types of aromatic ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of 2‐Pyridinylethyl Indazoles.
Authors: Ge Dao‐Liang , Zhang Xiao‐Zhuan , Chen Shan‐Yong , Pu Lin , Yu Xiao‐Qi
Published: November 2015

The transition‐metal free hydroamination reaction of 2‐vinylpyridine with indazoles affords N1 and N2 alkylated indazoles, whereas 4‐vinylpyridine gives N1‐alkylated products exclusively.