bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Képzés és programszervezés – az Európa-naphoz kapcsolódó kulturális projekt a szegedi Közösségszervezés BA szakon
Authors: Újvári Edit
Published: June 2024

A Közösségszervezés BA szak gyakorlatorientált képzési programjában nagy hangsúlyt helyezünk azoknak  a kompetenciáknak a fejlesztésére, amelyek erősítik a hallgatók csoportmunkában való együttműködési készségét, a kreativitásukat, a kommunikációs képességeit.  Több olyan programra is sor kerül a képzés során, amelyek révén a szervezési feladatok megoldásában is jártasságra tesznek szert a hallgatók. Ehhez az oktatási célhoz a projektmódszer megfelelő eszköz, amellyel a május 9-i Európa-nap szervezése és lebonyolítása a feladat, a képzés első évfolyamában. Ez a feladat kapcsolódik az Európa-tanulmányok tantárgy révén az elméleti tanulmányaikhoz, valamint a Szakmai gyakorlat 1. kurzushoz is. A tanulmány ennek a kulturális projektnek a bemutatását és elemzését célozza, összevetve a projektmódszer elméleti szakirodalmának megállapításaival. A korábban megvalósított Európa-nap szervezőivel készített interjúkkal a hallgatói tapasztalatokra kívánok rávilágítani. Ez a hallgatók aktivitására építő kulturális projekt a szegedi Közösségszervezés BA képzés egyik innovatív elemének tekinthető.
Olvasóvá nevelés
Authors: Fehér Zsuzsanna
Published: June 2024

Olvasóvá nevelni és motiváltnak tartani a gyermeket az olvasás iránt egy hosszú folyamat. Nem elég a biztos alapokat letenni, a folyamatot fel kell építeni, meg kell tervezni hosszú távon. A gyermekek nyitott könyvek, arra van szükségük, hogy jó helyen tárjuk fel őket. Vass Dorottea Olvasásmotiváció című kötete és a D012 módszer ehhez ad útmutatást, mind a szülők, mind a szakemberek számára, de alkalmas önfejlesztésre is.
Paideia vs. Downloading
Authors: Mitnyán Lajos
Published: June 2024

A tanulmány az olvasás kulturális technikájának jelenkori helyzetével és várható jövőjével foglalkozik. A vizsgálódás a paideia-elmélet kontextusába helyezve közelíti meg a kérdést, azaz az olvasást az integrált autonóm személlyé válás egyik előfeltételeként értelmezi. Az elemzés célja, hogy empirikus vizsgálati eredményeket kutúrafilozófiai kontextusba helyezve a digitális kor kultúrájának olyan összefüggéseire és konzekvenciáira mutasson rá, melyek egy szimplán empirikus vizsgálatban észrevétlenek maradnának. A norvégiai Stavangerben lezajlott nemzetközi Európai Olvasáskonferencia lezárásaként született Stavanger Declaration téziseiből indul ki, és sorra veszi a 130 olvasáskutató által tett nyilatkozat megállapításait és javaslatait az olvasás jövőjére vonatkozóan. A kultúrafilozófiai elemzés az olvasás heterotopikus tereinek vizsgálatával a digitalizáció és az olvasás antropológiai, pszichológiai, szociológiai és kultúrafilozófiai vonatkozásainak feltárására törekszik.
Asszociációk az olvasásra
Authors: Sándor-Prágai Nikoletta
Published: June 2024

Az olvasás egy tanult készség, amit az általános iskolában sajátítanak el a kisgyermekek, s ezt sokat kell gyakorolni. Ennek a folyamatnak a része, hogy az értő olvasás kialakul. Ez a készség nélkülözhetetlen és kiemelt figyelmet kell ráfordítani. A tájékozottság és a tudás alapvető pillér a fejlődéshez, ami az élethosszig tartó tanulás része. Emellett azt is fontos meghatározni, ki számít jó olvasónak. Ez egy hosszú folyamat, aminek az alapköve a család, de a pedagógusok szerepe is kiemelten fontos. Ezenkívül a korosztályoknak ajánlott dokumentumtípusok segítik ennek a szintnek az elérését. Így a tanuló képessé válik az élményszerző olvasásra; a tájékozó, információgyűjtő és a feladatközpontú olvasásra. Tanulmányomban az eddig felsorolt tényezők hatását vizsgáltam meg a 2022-es KAPOCS Kutatócsoport Kultúrakutató Műhelye által végzett olvasáskutatásban szereplő nyitott kérdésének válaszai alapján. A kérdés a következő volt: „Tegyük fel, hogy meghallod a szót: ’olvasás’. Mi az a három dolog, ami először eszedbe jut ekkor?”. A kutatásban két általános iskola és két középiskola tanulói vettek részt. Az intézményenként kapott szavak elemzése után a válaszokat összevetettem egymással. Ennek alapja a saját szempontrendszerem volt, illetve az általam fontosnak vélt aspektusokkal. Az olvasáskutatás asszociációs kérdésére adott tanulói válaszok alapján egyértelmű, hogy az olvasás megszerettetése és az olvasóvá nevelés kiemelt terület továbbra is. A digitális fejlődés hatása miatt az olvasási szokások átalakultak, ezért van szükség ezek vizsgálatára.
Edward William Cole, Ausztrália utópistája
Authors: Cséplő Noémi
Published: June 2024

Edward William Cole aranyásóból lett Ausztrália egyik legnagyobb könyvkereskedője. Az ipari forradalom, a kitáguló világ, a kezdődő globalizáció gyermekeként lelkesen vallotta a tudás és a tudomány mindenhatóságát, folyamatosan képezte önmagát, könyvtárba járt, vitakörök tagjaként szívesen beszélgetett a társadalmi változásokról, technológiai vívmányokról. Írásai segítségével nemcsak a viktoriánus Ausztrália életébe, de az általa elképzelt jövőbe is betekintést nyerhetünk.
Milyen gondolatok foglalkoztatták leginkább ezt a folyton tanulni vágyó férfit? Mit gondolt a világ jövőjéről, a technikai vívmányokról, társadalmi változásokról, és mindezek hatásáról az emberiség jövőjére? Mi valósult, valósulhatott meg elképzeléseiből? A válaszokat Cole saját írásaiban keresi a tanulmány szerzője, miközben 21. századi elemzéseken keresztül is vizsgálja a 19. század második felében született feltevéseket, jóslatokat.
No Effect of Methylnaltrexone on Acute Pancreatitis Severity: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Knoph Cecilie Siggaard , Cook Mathias Ellgaard , Novovic Srdan , Hansen Mark Berner , Mortensen Michael Bau , Nielsen Liv Bjerre Juul , Høgsberg Irene Maria , Salomon Celina , Neergaard Celine Emilie Lindqvist , Aajwad Aseel Jabbar , Pandanaboyana Sanjay , Sørensen Lone Schmidt , Thorlacius-Ussing Ole , Frøkjær Jens Brøndum , Olesen Søren Schou , Drewes Asbjørn Mohr
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Opioids used to manage severe pain in acute pancreatitis (AP) might exacerbate the disease through effects on gastrointestinal and immune functions. Methylnaltrexone, a peripherally acting µ-opioid receptor antagonist, may counteract these effects without changing analgesia.

METHODS:

This double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial included adult patients with AP and systemic inflammatory response syndrome at 4 Danish centers. Patients were randomized to receive 5 days of continuous intravenous methylnaltrexone (0.15 mg/kg/d) or placebo added to the standard of care. The primary end point was the Pancreatitis Activity Scoring System score after 48 hours of treatment. Main secondary outcomes included pain scores, opioid use, disease severity, and mortality.

RESULTS:

In total, 105 patients (54% men) were randomized to methylnaltrexone (n = 51) or placebo (n = 54). After 48 hours, the Pancreatitis Activity Scoring System score was 134.3 points in the methylnaltrexone group and 130.5 points in the placebo group (difference 3.8, 95% confidence interval [CI] −40.1 to 47.6; P = 0.87). At 48 hours, we found no differences between the groups in pain severity (0.0, 95% CI −0.8 to 0.9; P = 0.94), pain interference (−0.3, 95% CI −1.4 to 0.8; P = 0.55), and morphine equivalent doses (6.5 mg, 95% CI −2.1 to 15.2; P = 0.14). Methylnaltrexone also did not affect the risk of severe disease (8%, 95% CI −11 to 28; P = 0.38) and mortality (6%, 95% CI −1 to 12; P = 0.11). The medication was well tolerated.

DISCUSSION:

Methylnaltrexone treatment did not achieve superiority over placebo for reducing the severity of AP.
Early Diagnostic Paracentesis Improves Outcomes of Hospitalized Patients With Cirrhosis and Ascites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Beran Azizullah , Mohamed Mouhand F.H. , Vargas Alejandra , Aboursheid Tarek , Aziz Muhammad , Hernaez Ruben , Patidar Kavish R. , Nephew Lauren D. , Desai Archita P. , Orman Eric , Chalasani Naga , Ghabril Marwan S.
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION:

Diagnostic paracentesis is recommended for patients with cirrhosis admitted to the hospital, but adherence is suboptimal with unclear impact on clinical outcomes. The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the outcomes of early vs delayed diagnostic paracentesis among hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and ascites.

METHODS:

We searched multiple databases for studies comparing early vs delayed diagnostic paracentesis among hospitalized patients with cirrhosis and ascites. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and mean difference with confidence intervals (CIs) for proportional and continuous variables were calculated using the random-effects model. Early diagnostic paracentesis was defined as receiving diagnostic paracentesis within 12–24 hours of admission. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were length of hospital stay, acute kidney injury, and 30-day readmission.

RESULTS:

Seven studies (n = 78,744) (n = 45,533 early vs n = 33,211 delayed diagnostic paracentesis) were included. Early diagnostic paracentesis was associated with lower in-hospital mortality (OR 0.61, 95% CI 0.46–0.82, P = 0.001), length of hospital stay (mean difference −4.85 days; 95% CI −6.45 to −3.20; P < 0.001), and acute kidney injury (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.42–0.92, P = 0.02) compared with delayed diagnostic paracentesis, with similar 30-day readmission (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.52–2.39, P = 0.79). Subgroup analysis revealed consistent results for in-hospital mortality whether early diagnostic paracentesis performed within 12 hours (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.32–0.79, P = 0.003, I
2 = 0%) or within 24 hours of admission (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.45–0.98, P = 0.04, I
2 = 82%). Notably, the mortality OR was numerically lower when diagnostic paracentesis was performed within 12 hours, and the results were precise and homogenous (I
2 = 0%).

DISCUSSION:

Findings from this meta-analysis suggest that early diagnostic paracentesis is associated with better patient outcomes. Early diagnostic paracentesis within 12 hours of admission may be associated with the greatest mortality benefit. Data from large-scale randomized trials are needed to validate our findings, especially if there is a greater mortality benefit for early diagnostic paracentesis within 12 hours.
Studi Komparasi Pelatihan Guru Vokasi di Negara Indonesia dan Jepang
Authors: Effendi Muhammad Idris , Chisbiyah Lismi Animatul , Firdausia Fadliyanti
Published: June 2024

Artikel ini membandingkan pendekatan pendidikan vokasional di Indonesia dan Jepang, khususnya dalam konteks pelatihan guru vokasional. Sementara Indonesia fokus pada penggabungan teori dan praktik dengan upaya meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan vokasional melalui kerjasama internasional seperti dengan Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) di industri otomotif, Jepang menonjol melalui pendekatan eksperiential, lesson study, dan pembelajaran aktif yang menekankan peningkatan keterampilan praktis sesuai dengan kebutuhan industri. Dalam kedua negara, kolaborasi antara pemerintah, universitas, dan industri berperan penting dalam memastikan guru-guru vokasional memiliki keterampilan relevan dengan dunia kerja, sambil memperhatikan pengembangan kemandirian dan peningkatan kualitas pengajaran. Studi ini memberikan wawasan tentang praktik terbaik dalam pelatihan guru vokasional dan menyoroti area-area yang perlu ditingkatkan, memberikan kontribusi berharga untuk pengembangan pendidikan vokasional global dan persiapan siswa menghadapi tantangan dunia kerja yang terus berkembang.
IMPLEMENTATION OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING IN IMPROVING THE CREATIVITY OF WRITING JAPANESE ESSAYS IN THE SAKUBUN COURSE
Authors: Utari Retno , Sukmara Rina , Septiany Nia
Published: June 2024

The aim of this research is to find out whether the application of the Project-based Learning (PjBL) model can increase creativity in writing Japanese essays in the Sakubun course. The problem to be investigated in this research is related to improving the ability to write essays in Japanese with students' creativity in composing Japanese sentences. The form of research used is an experimental equation with a pretest – post-test design, namely by measuring how much influence one variable has on another variable. To measure the ability to write Japanese essays, this is done through tests, questionnaires and observations. The data analysis technique used in this research is a form of quantitative data analysis which is carried out to analyze data obtained from implementing the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) learning model by carrying out normality tests, homogeneity tests. Next, the results of the two tests are used to test the effectiveness of the learning model applied.
Objektifikasi Seksual terhadap Perempuan: Studi Kasus Ito Shiori, Haachu, dan Korban Pelecehan Lainnya di Jepang
Authors: Pravangesta Rifqaiza , Iskandar Kurniawaty
Published: June 2024

This research is written to analyse one type of sexual harassment that occurs in society, which is sexual objectification, using interviews and personal information from Ito Shiori, the author of Black Box and several women who have voiced out in public or anonymously. The purpose of this research is to determine the types of sexual objectification which occur in daily life and to issue awareness to the readers on sexual objectification. This research uses the objectification theory which is rooted in radical-cultural feminism and is written using the descriptive-analysis method and literature studies, using data from books, journals and the internet. The result of this research is that the reader is able to find out sexual objectifications that occur in daily life based on existent cases and to open opportunities to protect victims of sexual harassment from similar behaviour while also preventing them from becoming perpetrators of sexual harassment
The Influence of Cultural Context in Japan’s Intercultural Negotiations: Analysis of the Drama Nihon Chinbotsu: Kibo no Hito
Authors: Febriyani Lili
Published: June 2024

In the Japanese drama titled Nihon Chinbotsu: Kibo no Hito, Japan experienced a major disaster in the form of the sinking of the Kanto region into the ocean. From this disaster, Japan lost land, so its citizens had to be transferred to other countries. Japan is negotiating with various countries to transfer Japanese citizens through the immigration process. This article discusses Japan’s intercultural negotiations with China, the United States, and Australia. The Content Analysis method is used to interpret the film’s content related to Japan's intercultural negotiations with these three countries. By using the theory of Intercultural Communication, this study tries to describe the “cultural context” and values that underlie Japan’s intercultural negotiation process; and analyzes its influence on the negotiation process.From the results of a thorough analysis of the components in the drama, It can be concluded that “cultural context” plays an important role in the negotiation process, and this context is closely related to the distinction between high-context culture and low-context culture. Both high-context and low-context cultures show prominent basic values, which also influence the intercultural negotiation process. These values are (1) collectivism and individualism; (2) the level of intimacy of the relationship between Eastern and Western cultures, which includes uchi-soto, power distance in the social hierarchy, and reciprocal relations; (3) reciprocation (on’gaeshi); which overall affects the negotiation process. In addition, from the analysis, it is concluded that Japan and China have similar values, while the United States has similar values to Australia.
The Significance of Preservation of Memories in Yasunari Kawabata’s God’s Bones
Authors: Wijaya Kusuma , Pangestu Imelza Novia Rakhmadani , Wulandari Siti , Hariyono Hariyono , Pasopati Rommel Utungga
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates the matters of preservations of memories in Yasunari Kawabata’s God Bones. This flash fiction tells about a girl who has never married but already has a baby in her womb. That condition reminds her and her surroundings about the history of the past, especially when she gives the ashes of the baby's bones  to many men. Through qualitative method, this study explains about a person's memory that has happened and will continue to overshadow her. In analysis, memories are not merely collections of events or repositories of knowledge, those are also identities that shape further decision making processes. In conclusion, this story shows how memories link past with present and future. Those are the results of circulation of signs, regarding various concepts and contexts of the past.
Karakteristik Penanda Kohesi Gramatikal dan Kohesi Leksikal Pada Wacana Iklan Kosmetik Kecantikan Wajah Jepang
Authors: Wiyatasari, S.S., M.Hum. Reny
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this research is to explain the relationship between grammatical cohesion markers and lexical cohesion in advertising discourse that can support the formation of coherence. The data used comes from the Canmake Tokyo Japan advertisement. The data collection method used is the listening method with the basic technique, namely the tapping technique and the note-taking technique as a follow-up technique. The data analysis stage uses the commensurate method with the technique of sorting the determining elements (PUP). While the results of data analysis are presented using informal methods. Based on the results of data analysis, it can be seen that the cosmetic advertisements from Canmake Tokyo contain grammatical cohesion markers and lexical cohesion. Based on the appropriate use of cohesion markers, it can be seen that the discourse of Canmake Tokyo cosmetic advertisements is a discourse of coherence. The most common grammatical cohesion markers are reference and conjunction. While the most lexical cohesion markers found are repetition and synonyms.
Geometry of generators of triangular norms and copulas
Authors: Houšková Kamila , Navara Mirko
Published: June 2024

We study the relations between the shapes of strict triangular norms and their generators. The generators are not unique; to avoid this ambiguity, we introduce the class of balanced generators. We find conditions for their existence and a procedure of their computation. We formulate their influence on local properties of the corresponding triangular norms, in particular at the extremes of their domain. Many strict triangular norms are also copulas; thus, our results can also be applied to bivariate extreme value distributions described by some families of copulas.
Design, synthesis, characterization, and adsorption capacities of novel superabsorbent polymers derived from poly (potato starch xanthate-graft-acrylamide)
Authors: Yang Yongqi , Liu Yongxin , Zhang Sisi , Cheng Zhu , Yan Youjun , Liu Jun , Lian Meng , Liu Fangfang
Published: June 2024

Novel superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) were synthesized by performing aqueous solution graft copolymerization of potato starch xanthate and partially hydrolyzed acrylamide using N,N′-methylene-bis-acrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium persulfate as an oxidant at 35–45°C. Various factors that influence the water absorption of SAPs were studied in detail, and the optimum formulation ratio was determined via orthogonal experiments. Several spectroscopic techniques, including scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and transmission electron microscopy, were used to determine the structure of the SAPs. In addition, adsorption experiments were carried out with various heavy metal ions, including divalent copper ions, zinc ions, nickel ions, cobalt ions, cadmium ions, and lead ions. Experiments showed that the prepared SAP has a high adsorption performance (>48 mg·g−1). Thus, these materials are expected to have important applications in the removal of heavy metal ions and the separation of dyes in aquatic environments.
Design of high gain miniaturized WPT rectenna for implantable biomedical applications
Authors: Jampa Rajendra , Sharma Dinesh
Published: June 2024

Implantable medical devices (IMDs) have become indispensable for treating various health disorders and monitoring individual well-being as a result of significant technical breakthroughs in the field of biomedical technology. This article describes a wireless powering technique at 2.45 GHz for low power devices such as IMDs. The design incorporates a rectangular patch antenna that exhibits peak gain of 2.1 dB and impedance bandwidth of 620 MHz with compact size of 71.4 mm3. The antenna is simulated within a three-layer phantom model replicating the human body to evaluate its performance, which produces −21.4 dB peak gain and 600 MHz–10 dB impedance bandwidth. A full wave rectifier aided by matching network is used to accomplish optimal conversion of RF signal to DC power. The constructed prototype is tested in a saline solution, and the measured results closely match the simulation results. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is calculated using a phantom model and a head model for assessing patient safety and biocompatibility. The proposed antenna has SAR values of 5.12 W/kg and 3.13 W/kg are exhibited by proposed antenna inside three layer phantom model and human head model.
Interactive identification of individuals with positive treatment effect while controlling false discoveries
Authors: Duan Boyan , Wasserman Larry , Ramdas Aaditya
Published: June 2024

Out of the participants in a randomized experiment with anticipated heterogeneous treatment effects, is it possible to identify which subjects have a positive treatment effect? While subgroup analysis has received attention, claims about individual participants are much more challenging. We frame the problem in terms of multiple hypothesis testing: each individual has a null hypothesis (stating that the potential outcomes are equal, for example), and we aim to identify those for whom the null is false (the treatment potential outcome stochastically dominates the control one, for example). We develop a novel algorithm that identifies such a subset, with nonasymptotic control of the false discovery rate (FDR). Our algorithm allows for interaction – a human data scientist (or a computer program) may adaptively guide the algorithm in a data-dependent manner to gain power. We show how to extend the methods to observational settings and achieve a type of doubly robust FDR control. We also propose several extensions: (a) relaxing the null to nonpositive effects, (b) moving from unpaired to paired samples, and (c) subgroup identification. We demonstrate via numerical experiments and theoretical analysis that the proposed method has valid FDR control in finite samples and reasonably high identification power.
CCLCap-AE-AVSS: Cycle consistency loss based capsule autoencoders for audio–visual speech synthesis
Authors: Ghosh Subhayu , Jana Nanda Dulal , Si Tapas , Mallik Saurav , Shah Mohd Asif
Published: June 2024

Audio–visual speech synthesis (AVSS) is a rapidly growing field in the paradigm of audio–visual learning, involving the conversion of one person’s speech into the audio–visual stream of another while preserving the speech content. AVSS comprises two primary components: voice conversion (VC), which alters the vocal characteristics from the source speaker to the target speaker, followed by audio–visual synthesis, which creates the audio–visual presentation of the converted VC output for the target speaker. Despite the progress in deep learning (DL) technologies, DL models in AVSS have received limited attention in existing literature. Therefore, this article presents a novel approach for AVSS utilizing capsule network (Caps-Net)-based autoencoders, with the incorporation of cycle consistency loss. Caps-Net addresses translation invariance issues in convolutional neural network approaches for effective feature capture. Additionally, the inclusion of cycle consistency loss ensures the retention of content information from the source speaker. The proposed approach is referred to as cycle consistency loss-based capsule autoencoders for audio–visual speech synthesis (CCLCap-AE-AVSS). The proposed CCLCap-AE-AVSS is trained and tested using VoxCeleb2 and LRS3-TED datasets. The subjective and objective assessments of the generated samples demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed work compared to the current state-of-the-art models.
Association of prenatal substance exposure and the development of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampus
Authors: Hartwell Micah , Bloom Molly , Elenwo Covenant , Gooch Trey , Dunn Kelly , Breslin Florence , Croff Julie M.
Published: June 2024

Context

Prenatal substance exposure (PSE) can lead to various harmful outcomes for the developing fetus and is linked to many emotional, behavioral, and cognitive difficulties later in life. Therefore, examination of the relationship between the development of associated brain structures and PSE is important for the development of more specific or new preventative methods.

Objectives

Our study’s primary objective was to examine the relationship between the physical development of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampus following prenatal alcohol, tobacco, and prescription opioid exposure.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study, a longitudinal neuroimaging study that measures brain morphometry from childhood throughout adolescence. Data were collected from approximately 12,000 children (ages 9 and 10) and parents across 22 sites within the United States. Prenatal opioid, tobacco, and alcohol use was determined through parent self-report of use during pregnancy. We extracted variables assessing the volumetric size (mm3) of the amygdala, hippocampus, and parahippocampal gyrus as well as brain volume, poverty level, age, sex, and race/ethnicity for controls within our adjusted models. We reported sociodemographic characteristics of the sample overall and by children who had PSE. We calculated and reported the means of each of the specific brain regions by substance exposure. Finally, we constructed multivariable regression models to measure the associations between different PSE and the demographic characteristics, total brain volume, and volume of each brain structure.

Results

Among the total sample, 24.6% had prenatal alcohol exposure, 13.6% had prenatal tobacco exposure, and 1.2% had prenatal opioid exposure. On average, those with prenatal tobacco exposure were found to have a statistically significant smaller parahippocampus.

Conclusions

We found a significant association between prenatal tobacco exposure and smaller parahippocampal volume, which may have profound impacts on the livelihood of individuals including motor delays, poor cognitive and behavioral outcomes, and long-term health consequences. Given the cumulative neurodevelopmental effects associated with PSE, we recommend that healthcare providers increase screening rates, detection, and referrals for cessation. Additionally, we recommend that medical associations lobby policymakers to address upstream barriers to the effective identification of at-risk pregnant individuals, specifically, eliminating or significantly reducing punitive legal consequences stemming from state laws concerning prenatal substance use.
Biochemical characterization of trypsin from Indonesian skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) viscera
Authors: Dali Faiza A. , Nurjanah Nurjanah , Lioe Hanifah N. , Suhartono Maggy T.
Published: June 2024

Trypsin production from skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) viscera is one significant way to increase the value of fish’s industrial waste. The present work reports the biochemical properties of trypsin from skipjack tuna viscera. The trypsin was fractionated using 0–60% ammonium sulfate and dialyzed. The enzyme was characterized to find the optimum temperature and pH for the substrate N-α-benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide. The 40–50% ammonium sulfate fractionation showed the highest activity at a specific activity of 1.66 U/mg and yield of 69.91%. Specific activity increased after dialysis to 2.17 U/mg with 4.49 times purity and yield of 39.20%. The molecular weights of the enzymes were estimated as 25, 29, and 35 kDa based on the enzyme activity separated by electrophoresis. The enzyme worked optimally at a temperature and pH of 50–60°C and 8.0, respectively. Metal ions (Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+) at a concentration of 20 mM showed no influence on the activity. Enzyme activity was inhibited by Zn2+ at 20 mM, phenyl methyl sulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), benzamidine, and soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), which confirmed the characteristics of a serine protease.
Abundant exact traveling wave solutions and modulation instability analysis to the generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation
Authors: Yang Qiaoling , Manafian Jalil , Mahmoud Khaled H. , Aldurayhim Abdullah
Published: June 2024

In this work, the exact solutions of the (2+1)-dimensional generalized Hirota–Satsuma–Ito equation are reported by adopting the He’s variational direct technique (HVDT). The analytic findings of solutions were obtained by semi-inverse scheme, and six form of supposed studies reveal that the solutions belong to soliton groups. The modulation instability is considered. The

tan

(

Π

(

ξ

)

)

\tan \left(\Pi \left(\xi ))

scheme on the suggested model is employed to study new rational solutions. The investigated properties of solutions were determined by graphic studies, which shows significantly values of the parameters and susceptibility of abundant solutions. The obtained results in this work are expected to open new perspectives for the traveling wave theory. For the aforementioned wave solutions, we graphically describe their dynamical properties. It is worth mentioning that our results not only enable us to understand the dynamic properties of such equations more intuitively but also provide some ideas for researchers to facilitate more in depth exploration. It is important to mention that our proposed method is highly effective, consistent, and impacting and can be utilized to solve different physical models.
An electro-optic half subtractor from a silicon-based hybrid surface plasmon polariton waveguide
Authors: Liang Zhixun , Shi Yunying , Wu Qiming , Yi Yunfei , Fan Yuanyuan , Tang Peng
Published: June 2024

In order to solve the problems of low transmission rate and large device size of electro-optical modulator, an electro-optic half subtractor based on silicon-based hybrid surface plasmon polariton waveguide is proposed in this study. The proposed device utilizes three units metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor structure to achieve the half subtractor logic function of electro-optic control, improving the transmission rate of the electro-optic half subtractor while also reducing the device size using surface plasmon polariton technology, with a size of only 32 μm × 4.3 μm. At the same time, the use of hybrid silicon waveguides reduces the sharp Ohmic attenuation caused by surface plasmon polaritons and reduces optical insertion losses (ILs). The simulation results show that when the electro-optic half subtractor operates at the wavelength of 1,550 nm, the IL difference is 1.0 dB in each state, the transmission rate of the device is 0.75 Tbit/s, and the energy consumption is 12.69 fj/bit.
Mixed Representations of Sound and Action in the Auditory Midbrain
Authors: Quass Gunnar L. , Rogalla Meike M. , Ford Alexander N. , Apostolides Pierre F.
Published: June 2024

Linking sensory input and its consequences is a fundamental brain operation. During behavior, the neural activity of neocortical and limbic systems often reflects dynamic combinations of sensory and task-dependent variables, and these “mixed representations” are suggested to be important for perception, learning, and plasticity. However, the extent to which such integrative computations might occur outside of the forebrain is less clear. Here, we conduct cellular-resolution two-photon Ca2+imaging in the superficial “shell” layers of the inferior colliculus (IC), as head-fixed mice of either sex perform a reward-based psychometric auditory task. We find that the activity of individual shell IC neurons jointly reflects auditory cues, mice's actions, and behavioral trial outcomes, such that trajectories of neural population activity diverge depending on mice's behavioral choice. Consequently, simple classifier models trained on shell IC neuron activity can predict trial-by-trial outcomes, even when training data are restricted to neural activity occurring prior to mice's instrumental actions. Thus, in behaving mice, auditory midbrain neurons transmit a population code that reflects a joint representation of sound, actions, and task-dependent variables.
Consumption in the Educational Sphere as an Indicator of Socialization
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Chapla Tatyana Vitalievna
Published: June 2024

The article actualizes the problem of consumption in the educational sphere and its connection with the process of socialization. The purpose of the article is to analyze the motives of demonstrative consumption and the conditions and ways of its implementation in the educational system as a mechanism of socialization in the consumer society. Methodology. As a methodological basis were used: 1) the concept of accepting the role of the Other by J. Mead; 2) the concept of demonstrative consumption by T. Veblen and M. Weber as indicators of the class structure of society and guarantor of the formation of motives and goals of consumption; 3) the sociological approach, which allows building the study on the basis of the concept of similarity and distinction by P. Bourdieu. Research results: based on the definition of consumption processes in modern society, the study considers education as a variant of demonstrative consumption, reveals its motives and variants. It is shown that the subject’s choice of the trajectory of receiving education, regardless of its purpose and motives, acts as a way of socialization in the consumer society. Conclusion: it is concluded that demonstrative consumption in education is manifested in the fact that education, functioning as a social institution, performs not only the functions of education of society, organization of the learning process, but also the functions of symbolic consumption: it is a tool to maintain the existing social hierarchy, a way to move through social strata, that is, it organizes and provides social mobility, an indicator of financial opportunities, personal preferences and ambitions.
Features of Creative Assignments in Literature Based on Reflective Writing
Authors:   Kemerovo State Medical University, Dreifeld Oksana V.
Published: June 2024

The article presents problematic aspects of one of the varieties of creative writing tasks in literature – tasks based on reflective writing. The purpose of the article is to identify and substantiate the didactic potential of creative tasks based on reflective writing in the development of reading competencies of middle and senior schoolchildren. Methodology. Content analysis was applied to samples of creative tasks based on reflective writing, and conceptual analysis provided the basis for developing a definition and classification of “creative tasks.” The presented theoretical material and samples of creative tasks will help literature teachers and methodologists in developing the skill of co-creative reading among schoolchildren. Results. Creative tasks based on reflective writing help expand the reader’s horizons and develop the ability of school readers to express their thoughts in writing. Testing the ability to create texts within the framework of reflexive genres does not occur directly in the “creative task”. Reflection is initiated, aimed at a variety of aspects of the existence of literary works that sometimes do not easily attract the attention of the reader: what is creatively productive contact with a literary work and what are the signs of a “real reader”, what are the aspects of interaction between the reader and a literary work in culture and many other problems. Conclusion. Unlike tasks based on creative writing, a creative task based on reflective writing requires literal, precise language, a reasoned solution to the problem, and the use of linguistic means depending on the communicative goal of reflection specified in the creative task. At the same time, the very concept of “writing” places emphasis on the process of writing a reflective text in the first person, which is due to the task of awakening the reader’s analytical activity, following co-creative activity.
Foreign Language Online Teaching of Bachelors at Language Universities. For or Against?
Authors:   Russian State Pedagogical University named after A. I. Herzen, Altukhova Maria Kimovna , Sukhova Natalya Aleksandrovna ,   St. Petersburg State University of Civil Aviation named after the Main Marshal of Aviation A. A. Novikov
Published: June 2024

The purpose of the article is to consider the pedagogical model of adaptation of first-year students of the language faculty of the Pedagogical University to the learning process at the university. The proposed model includes the following blocks: target – defining the goals and objectives of the formation of adaptability among students of a pedagogical university; theoretical and methodological, including appropriate methodological approaches and scientific and practical principles; content-activity, which includes components that contribute to the development of socially significant personality qualities: gnostic, aimed at activating cognitive activity students; communicative, focused on the development of students’ communication skills within the group and interaction with teachers; educational, stimulating the spiritual and moral development of personality; constructive, including interactive activities of the teacher to create academic disciplines; design, focused on the development of skills for solving urgent problems, taking into account future specialization. All these components make it possible to form socially significant personality qualities that are in demand in society. The model also includes an effective generalizing block, which includes an analysis of the results based on criteria-based diagnostic tools. Research methods. The main methods used were analysis, synthesis, systematization and generalization of psychological and pedagogical literature, and the modeling method. The results of the study. The implementation of the model of adaptation of first-year students to university studies developed by us is capable of achieving a high level of academic adaptability. The implementation of this model allows students to successfully enter the new environment of the university, contributes to their acquisition of subjectivity, formation, development and strengthening of qualities that contribute to increasing their level of adaptability. Conclusion. The adaptation of first-year students to studying at a university is the most important factor in the success of further education and professional realization of a graduate.
Interaction of subjects of the educational process as a conditioned actualization of students’ personal abilities, taking into account the needs in education
Authors:   Comprehensive School of psychological and pedagogical support with the implementation of medical rehabilitation of children with musculoskeletal disorders No. 100, Averichev Evgeny L.
Published: June 2024

The trend towards an increase in the number of students with disabilities necessitates the development of a system of psychological, medical and pedagogical support in educational institutions that takes into account the special educational needs of such children. The purpose of the article is to consider the model of functioning and interaction of subjects of the educational process within the framework of continuous psychological, medical and pedagogical support for students with special educational needs. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of a socially adaptive educational space (N. P. Abaskalova, E. M. Kazin, N. E. Kasatkina, O. G. Krasnoshlykova, I. A. Sviridova); the concept of socio-psychological and physiological adaptation of students (E. M. Kazin, N. E. Kasatkina, V. P. Kaznacheev, R. M. Baevsky). Research results: the article shows the specifics of psychological, medical and pedagogical support for students with disorders of the musculoskeletal system, discusses the tasks and ways of interaction between subjects of education in order to create an adaptive, developmental and health-saving environment in an educational institution. In conclusion, it is pointed out the need for constant interaction of participants in psychological, medical and social support of students in order to effectively actualize the personal potential of students with special educational needs.
Forensic anthropology: challenges and scopes
Authors: Valera Emanuel Emilio
Published: June 2024

The objective of this work is to analyze the scope of Forensic Anthropology, since this is a medical-legal specialty that is oriented towards the application of the knowledge, methods and techniques of Physical Anthropology, Cultural Anthropology. and Archaeology, with the aim of contributing to the resolution of judicial cases, through the identification of human remains or people, who have lost their identity due to some circumstance, or when verification is required or is doubted, through strategies with high scientific rigor.
Case report of death by diving with subsequent face trauma and brain trauma
Authors: Chambriard Claude Jacques , Souza Sérgio Augusto Lopes de
Published: June 2024

The scope of this article is to describe death from brain injury, resulting from a deceleration mechanism, which occurred when diving and leading to facial trauma. Research was conducted in the literature and there is no report of this type of trauma triggering encephalic lesion (brain injury). In the literature search, only cervical lesions caused by diving were found.
Analysis of the standard of the best interest of children and adolescents and its application in sentences for femicide crimes in Michoacán
Authors: Gómez Cecilia Martínez
Published: June 2024

In the present investigation, an analysis was carried out to assess the application of the standard of best interest of girls, boys and adolescents in the state of Michoacán, Mexico in order to identify the aspects that should be taken into account when attending to a case in the which a boy, girl or adolescent is left without the protection of their mother, that is, orphaned by feminicide, so under a methodology of legal analysis the figure of the best interest of the child and 20 twenty sentences of feminicide cases were studied. as a sample that helped in the study with the purpose of obtaining elements that help the judges so that more attention is paid to the cases of girls, boys and adolescents in conditions of orphanhood due to feminicide, which will benefit having a more responsible sentence, fair and protective of their human rights.
From interdiction to full legal capacity
Authors: Chavarro Miguel Alfredo Ledesma
Published: June 2024

Interdict and allow, a verbal antinomy with a conceptual distance that constitutes semantic extremes with deep meaning that humanity has gone through, from the enormous prohibition or interdiction of the legal capacity of people with disabilities, to the full permission of the exercise and enjoy your rights. In search of real legal equality, the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities introduced for "all members of the human family" (Preamble), a notable advance within the plexus of human rights, including dignity. With the interest that those postulates are fulfilled to the highest degree, and do not become empty or meaningless statements, through this essay some formal and practical deficits will become visible, in order to formulate recommendations for the exercise of the full legal capacity.
Hate speech and violence: the effects of silence and psychoanalysis
Authors: Sá Mariana Oliveira de
Published: June 2024

Freedom of expression includes the possibility that its content has an odious framework, that is, ideas that have the meaning of prejudice, discrimination, intolerance. Thus, the idea of ​​​​hate speech emerges as a possible limitation to freedom of expression. In this context, the present article assumes as a general objective to verify if the prohibition of hate speech triggers the practice of violence against minority groups, instead of curbing them. The idea is to contribute to the development of the argument that the prohibition of hate speech can lead to more hate, denying the autonomy of individuals, their place of speech and their notion of equality, becoming an impulse to resist against the different, eliminating it or disregarding it as equal. The contribution is made with a bibliographic and documentary research, of an interdisciplinary nature, in which we sought to reconcile studies in the areas of Law and Psychology. It was concluded that not all hate speech should be limited, but only one that can violate interests in an unfair way that is capable of causing danger of real and imminent harm to another. Unlike this, hate speech must be tolerated.
The role of the forensic psychologist in media cases: a critical perspective
Authors: Fernández Pedro V Mateo , Subtil Iria de la Osa
Published: June 2024

The involvement of forensic psychologists in media legal cases is crucial due to their ability to understand the complex psychological aspects involved and to face unique ethical and practical challenges. Their role extends beyond assessments and can influence public perception of the case. Media attention poses challenges to maintaining objectivity, and professional integrity and ethics are fundamental to ensuring a fair and equitable judicial process. Additionally, expert psychologists must effectively communicate their findings to the court, jury, and public. Respecting the privacy and confidentiality of those involved is essential in this context, while handling media attention ethically to avoid prejudice.
A rare cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the elderly: gastric arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Lkousse M.A.
Published: June 2024

The frequent causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, namely peptic ulcer disease, portal hypertension, gastroduodenal erosions, and reflux esophagitis, account for approximately 80% of episodes.1 Gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to gastric arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is rarely reported in the literature.2,3 Here, we describe a new case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to an AVM located at the gastric tuberosity.