bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Four- and five-coordinate nickel(ii) complexes bearing new diphosphine–phosphonite and triphosphine–phosphite ligands: catalysts for N-alkylation of amines
Authors: Panigrahi Dipankar , Mondal Munmun , Gupta Rohit , Mani Ganesan
Published: February 2022

A series of nickel(ii) complexes supported by the new tridentate P3 and tetradentate P4 ligands act efficiently as catalysts for the N-alkylation of primary amines with alcohols.
Optical properties and photoactivity of carbon nanodots synthesized from olive solid wastes at different carbonization temperatures
Authors: Sawalha Shadi , Assali Mohyeddin , Nasasrah Ameerah , Salman Maha , Nasasrah Majd , Jitan Madleen , Hilal Hikmat S. , Zyuod Ahed
Published: February 2022

Carbon nanodots with different optical properties and photoactivity degrees as photocatalysts for the degradation of methylene blue are successfully synthesized from olive solid wastes at different carbonization temperatures.
Arene–perfluoroarene interactions confer enhanced mechanical properties to synthetic nanotubes
Authors: Roesner Emily K. , Asheghali Darya , Kirillova Alina , Strauss Michael J. , Evans Austin M. , Becker Matthew L. , Dichtel William R.
Published: February 2022

Arene–perfluoroarene interactions resulted in enhanced crystallinity between analogous perhydro- and perfluoro macrocycles in a supramolecular nanotube assembly.
An engineered third electrostatic constriction of aerolysin to manipulate heterogeneously charged peptide transport
Authors: Niu Hongyan , Li Meng-Ying , Ying Yi-Lun , Long Yi-Tao
Published: February 2022

An engineered aerolysin nanopore captures all types of peptides despite the charges and folded structure, which facilitate the achievement of nanopore protein sequencing.
On the estimation of the size of a droplet emerging from a pore opening into a crossflow field
Authors: Salama Amgad
Published: February 2022

The problem of terminating a droplet at the surface of a membrane in a crossflow field is an important topic in the context of controlled emulsification of fluids for use in pharmaceutical and other industries.
Revealing the characteristic length of random close packingviacritical-like random pinning
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Zheng Wen , Tong Hua , Xu Ning
Published: February 2022

Critical-like random pinning results in the random packing of mono-disperse disks and reveals the characteristic length of random close packing.
High ionic conductivity in fluorite δ-bismuth oxide-based vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films
Authors: Lovett Adam J. , Wells Matthew P. , He Zihao , Lu Juanjuan , Wang Haiyan , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L.
Published: February 2022

First time demonstration of epitaxially stabilised δ-Bi2O3phase in vertically aligned nanocomposite thin films, exhibiting very high ionic conductivities of up to 10−3S cm−1at 500 °C.
A microstructure-driven magnetic composite for excellent microwave absorption in extended Ku-band
Authors: De Anurima , Khatua Bhanu Bhusan
Published: February 2022

In this study, we present an innovative approach for the fabrication of efficient electromagnetic shielding material by tuning the microstructure of the filler in a flexible PDMS polymer matrix.
Correction: Synthesis of glycerolipids containing simple linear acyl chains or aromatic rings and evaluation of their Mincle signaling activity
Authors: Matsumaru Takanori , Ikeno Risa , Shuchi Yusuke , Iwamatsu Toshiki , Tadokoro Takashi , Yamasaki Sho , Fujimoto Yukari , Furukawa Atsushi , Maenaka Katsumi
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘Synthesis of glycerolipids containing simple linear acyl chains or aromatic rings and evaluation of their Mincle signaling activity’ by Takanori Matsumaru et al., Chem. Commun., 2019, 55, 711–714, DOI: 10.1039/C8CC07322H.
An insight into the firing conditions of Chinese blue-and-white porcelain through XANES
Authors: Coutinho Mathilda L. , Veiga João Pedro , Ruivo Andreia , Silva Teresa P. , Salas-Colera Eduardo , Bottura-Scardina Silvia , Lima Augusta , Figueiredo Elin , Cotte Marine , Lima Maria Margarida R.
Published: February 2022

Co K-edge XANES was used to evaluate the firing atmosphere conditions in the production of blue-and-white porcelain.
Correction: Microphase separation of highly amphiphilic, low N polymers by photoinduced copper-mediated polymerization, achieving sub-2 nm domains at half-pitch
Authors: Hancox Ellis , Liarou Evelina , Town James S. , Jones Glen R. , Layton Siân A. , Huband Steven , Greenall Martin J. , Topham Paul D. , Haddleton David M.
Published: February 2022

Correction for ‘Microphase separation of highly amphiphilic, low N polymers by photoinduced copper-mediated polymerization, achieving sub-2 nm domains at half-pitch’ by Ellis Hancox et al., Polym. Chem., 2019, 10, 6254–6259. DOI: 10.1039/c9py01312a.
Aluminium alkyl complexes supported by imino-phosphanamide ligand as precursors for catalytic guanylation reactions of carbodiimides
Authors: Karmakar Himadri , Anga Srinivas , Panda Tarun K. , Chandrasekhar Vadapalli
Published: February 2022

Three aluminium alkyl complexes, [κ2-{ImRNP(Ph)NDipp}AlMe2] (2a–2c), supported by unsymmetrical imino-phosphanamide were synthesised and utilised as competent precatalysts for the hydroamination of carbodiimides under ambient conditions.
Sulfide oxidation tuning in 4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl)thiophen-2-yl)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene based dual acceptor copolymers for highly efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Lin Wei-Cheng , Jayakumar Jayachandran , Chang Chih-Li , Ting Li-Yu , Huang Tse-Fu , Elsayed Mohamed Hammad , Elewa Ahmed M. , Lin Yu-Tung , Liu Jia-Jen , Tseng Yuan-Ting , Chou Ho-Hsiu
Published: February 2022

A sulfide oxidation tuning approach in BDTT is reported for constructing a series of dual acceptor1-2 (A1–A2)-type copolymers. PBDTTS-1SO achieved an outstanding HER, demonstrating that the immense potential of the A1-A2-type polymer photocatalysts.
MCRD‐Net: An unsupervised dense network with multi‐scale convolutional block attention for multi‐focus image fusion
Authors: Zhou Ding , Jin Xin , Jiang Qian , Cai Li , Lee Shin‐jye , Yao Shaowen
Published: February 2022

Multi‐focus image fusion technology solves the problem of limited depth of field of the optical lens. It can extract different focus parts under the same target to synthesize a full‐focus image. This paper proposes an unsupervised dense network for multi‐focus image fusion. In the network, a multi‐scale feature extraction module is employed to extract the spatial details of source images from different scales, and a convolutional block attention module is used to select the useful deep features, and a residual module is used to effectively optimize the performance of the network. By introducing these three modules, the proposed network can effectively extract the shallow and deep features of the source images. Besides, Gaussian‐based Sum‐Modified‐Laplacian (GSML) is used to calculate the activity level of the feature map to generate a decision map. The performance of the proposed method is analyzed from two aspects: visual quality and objective metrics. Experimental results show that compared with nine image fusion methods, the performance of this algorithm is better.
Autumn dispersal and limited success of reproduction of the deepbody bitterling (Acheilognathus longipinnis) in terrestrialized floodplain
Authors: Nagayama Shigeya , Oota Munehiro , Fujita Tomohiko , Kitamura Jyun-ichi , Minamoto Toshifumi , Mori Seiichi , Kato Masayuki , Takeyama Naofumi , Takino Fumiya , Yonekura Ryuji , Yamanaka Hiroki
Published: February 2022

The terrestrialization of floodplains has become a concern to river managers and ecologists because it has degraded habitats for floodplain-dependent organisms. We examined the temporal distributions of the endangered deepbody bitterling (Acheilognathus longipinnis) throughout its life history, which is an autumn-spawning annual fish spending its egg and larval stages in unionid mussels and emerging in spring, to understand its population decline in the terrestrialized floodplains of the Kiso River, central Japan. We first validated our A. longipinnis environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling method and observed an 89.3% probability of consistency between the eDNA and the direct capture surveys of 56 floodplain waterbodies (FWBs). Subsequently, the temporal distributions with autumn dispersal (9 of 14 FWBs) were found using time-series eDNA samples collected from 14 FWBs on a floodplain with a length and width of 1.4 and 0.2 km, respectively. In the following spring, juveniles were only detected in the two FWBs connected to the river channel. Moreover, the direct capture data revealed that juveniles occurred in 52.9% (9/17) of the connected FWBs, but only in 5.1% (2/39) of the FWBs isolated from the river channel. Autumn dispersal of A. longipinnis would be disadvantageous for reproduction in terrestrialized floodplains with numerous isolated FWBs.
Influence of hot forging on microstructure in double tempered H11 hot forging dies
Authors: Joshy Sam , K.R. Jayadevan , George Merin Sarah , Prasad Benrose
Published: February 2022

Hot forging dies are exposed to severe in-service thermomechanical stress, which induces microstructural changes leading to die failures. Thus, research in forging industries is focussed on study of in-service microstructural changes in hot forging dies. Hot forging tests were performed on double tempered AISI H11 steel dies for test duration of 100 and 500 forging strokes. Further, microstructural analyses were conducted on die surface. From microstructural analyses on die surface, it was revealed that chromium rich carbides grows in size with increase in number of forging cycles. Further, quantitative analysis of the carbide distribution was performed.
Association of Cardiopulmonary Exercise Capacity and Adipokines in
the General Population
Authors: Lendeckel Frederik , Zylla Stephanie , Markus Marcello Ricardo Paulista , Ewert Ralf , Gläser Sven , Völzke Henry , Albrecht Diana , Friedrich Nele , Nauck Matthias , Felix Stephan B , Dörr Marcus , Bahls Martin
Published: February 2022

Adipokines and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are associated with the
(patho)physiology of cardiometabolic diseases. Whether CRF and adipokines are
related is unclear. We investigated associations of CRF with leptin,
adiponectin, chemerin, resistin and vaspin. Data from the population-based Study
of Health in Pomerania was used (n=1,479; median age 49 years;
51% women). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was used to measure CRF.
Circulating adipokine concentrations were measured by enzyme-linked
immunosorbent assay. The association between CRF and adipokines was assessed
using multivariable sex-specific quantile regression models. Higher maximum
oxygen uptake was significantly associated with lower leptin
(men:−0.11 ng/ml; 95%-confidence interval
[CI]:−0.18 to−0.03 ng/ml; p<0.005;
women:−0.17 ng/ml; 95%-CI:−0.33
to−0.02 ng/ml; p<0.05) and chemerin
(men:−0.26 ng/ml; 95%-CI:−0.52
to−0.01 ng/ml; p<0.05;
women:−0.41 ng/ml; 95%-CI:−0.82
to−0.01 ng/ml; p<0.05) as well as higher
adiponectin concentrations (men: 0.06 µg/ml;
95%-CI: 0.02 to 0.11 µg/ml; p<0.05;
women: 0.03 µg/ml; 95%-CI:−0.05 to
0.10 µg/ml; p=0.48). We found that CRF was
inversely associated with leptin and chemerin in both sexes and positively
associated with adiponectin only in men.
10 Jahre Accountable Care Organizations in den USA: Impulse
für Reformen in Deutschland?
Authors: Simon Benedikt , Amelung Volker Eric
Published: February 2022

Ziele der Studie Ein Ziel des Patient Protection and Affordable Care Acts
(ACA), auch als Obama-Care bekannt, war die Bremsung der Kostenentwicklung im
staatlichen Medicare-System durch eine Übertragung der Verantwortung
für Versorgungskosten und -qualität auf die Leistungserbringer.
Hierfür wurde Leistungserbringern gestattet sich in Netzwerken
zusammenzuschließen, in denen sie für eine definierte Population
verantwortlich sind –Accountable Care Organizations (ACOs). Zehn Jahre
nach der Einführung von ACOs wird die Auswirkung auf Versorgungskosten
und -qualität untersucht, um mögliche Implikationen für
eine Übertragung auf Deutschland abzuleiten.

Methodik In einem Mixed Methods-Ansatz wurde ein Rapid Review in Health
System Evidence und PubMed durchgeführt. Per Snowballing-Verfahren
wurden weitere Paper identifiziert. Eingeschlossen wurden Paper, die nach
Screening des Abstracts Aussagen zur Kosten- und/oder
Qualitätsentwicklung enthielten. Ausgeschlossen wurden Paper, welche
sich nicht auf US-Medicare-ACOs bezogen. Die Ergebnisse wurden im Folgenden
durch Interviews mit 16 Experten aus den USA überprüft.

Ergebnisse Für die Analyse wurden 60 Paper herangezogen, inklusive
6 Reports im Auftrag von oder direkt durchgeführt von
US-Regierungsstellen sowie 3 vorhergegangene Reviews. Von den 60 Papern
beinhalten 31 Aussagen zu Kostenentwicklung, 18 zu Qualitätsentwicklung
sowie 11 zu beiden Aspekten. Die Studien zeigen überwiegend, dass ACOs
Versorgungskosten senken können. Das Kostensenkungspotential von ACOs
besteht sowohl im Vergleich zu historischen Versorgungsdaten der jeweiligen
Population als auch im Vergleich zu nicht in ACOs versorgten Populationen, als
auch im Vergleich zu Counterfactuals. Die Qualität der Versorgung ist
hierbei mindestens gleich geblieben oder konnte gesteigert werden.

Schlussfolgerung ACOs haben in den USA das Ausgabenwachstum für
Medicare gebremst, bei unveränderter oder sogar verbesserter
Qualität. Daher sollte eine Übertragung auf Deutschland in
Erwägung gezogen werden. Jedoch haben verschiedene Policies den Erfolg
der ACOs eingeschränkt. Vor diesem Hintergrund sowie den Unterschieden
zum deutschen Versorgungssystem bedarf es einer kritischen Reflektion der
Steuerungsinstrumente vor Einführung von ACO ähnlichen
Strukturen in Deutschland.
Psychotherapeutische Fachliteratur der DDR und BRD: Eine
vergleichende Zitationsanalyse
Authors: Storch Monika , Schneider Nico , Kirschner Hariet , Arp Agnès , Rauschenbach Manuel , Gallistl Adrian , Strauß Bernhard
Published: February 2022

Ziel Erste Hypothesen zur wissenschaftlichen Rezeption von
psychotherapeutischer Literatur aus der DDR und der Sowjetunion in einem
Psychotherapieliteratur-Korpus der BRD (Praxis der Psychotherapie und
Psychosomatik 1979-1990) sollten geprüft werden. Außerdem
sollten inhaltliche Schwerpunkte der identifizierten wissenschaftlichen
Communities verglichen werden.

Methodik Es wurde eine bibliometrische und netzwerkanalytische
Untersuchung von Zitationsbeziehungen sowie eine qualitative Inhaltsanalyse der
Rezeption von DDR-Literatur und der thematischen Schwerpunkte der
identifizierten wissenschaftlichen Communities in Literaturkorpora aus Ost und
West durchgeführt.

Ergebnisse Psychotherapeutische Literatur der DDR wird im untersuchten
BRD-Korpus kaum zitiert. Inhaltlich wird diese Literatur nicht tiefergehend in
die wissenschaftliche Argumentation des BRD-Korpus eingebunden. Die bekanntesten
Vertreter*innen der DDR-Psychotherapie(-forschung) werden im BRD-Korpus
gar nicht zitiert. Es lassen sich thematische Überschneidungen in beiden
Korpora identifizieren, allerdings spielen DDR-spezifische Themen inhaltlich
keine Rolle im BRD-Korpus.
Spontaneous Spinal Subdural Hematoma Secondary to Hemophilia A and Zanubrutinib
Authors: Lynes John , Rubino Sebastian , Rogers Andrea , Gaballa Sameh , Liu Hien D. , Arrington John A. , Peguero Edwin , Liu James K. C.
Published: February 2022

Spontaneous spinal subdural hematomas (SSH) are rare occurrences that can occur most commonly secondary to vascular malformations or coagulopathies. Only a small fraction of spontaneous SSHs are caused by acquired coagulation disorders such as leukemia, hemophilia, and thrombocytopenia. This case report describes a patient with a history of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), hemophilia A, and mantle cell lymphoma, on zanubrutinib therapy, a Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitor associated with a risk of spontaneous hemorrhage. This patient developed a spontaneous spinal subdural hematoma, most likely due to the zanubrutinib therapy and exacerbated due to hemophilia. Treatment was delayed due to the patient's history of GBS that confounded the clinical diagnosis. This case is the first report of a spontaneous SSH in a patient on zanubrutinib, highlighting the need for a high index of suspicion for CNS hemorrhage in patients on Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor therapy.
A Double-Flipped Virtual Classroom Format for Medical Students Learning Ophthalmology: An Approach to Clinical Rotations in the Context of COVID-19
Authors: Brady S. Taylor , Vegunta Srav , Olson Lenora M. , Brintz Ben J. , Pettey Jeff H. , Jardine Griffin J.
Published: February 2022

Purpose The aim of this study was to assess efficacy of a virtual, double-flipped clinical rotation in ophthalmology for medical students during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Methods We instituted a virtual, reverse-classroom clinical elective for eight medical students interested in ophthalmology as a career. The course included required prework, interactive case-based discussions, and follow-up quizzes (first flip) entirely prepared and delivered by the students as teachers (second flip). After completion of the course, we surveyed students on five domains: (1) Autonomy and Leadership, (2) Self-Efficacy, (3) Impact on Career Selection, (4) Quality of Educational Experience, and (5) Clear Goals and Feedback using a Likert scale of 1–5 (5 being the most positive). We also asked open-ended questions regarding the overall experience, that is, strengths, weaknesses, and future recommendations for the course. Due to the small N and exploratory nature of the study, no formal statistical inference was performed.

Results Seven students responded to the survey. Aggregated mean survey scores for each domain are represented in parentheses. Responses were very positive in regard to “Autonomy and Leadership” (4.5), “Impact on Career Selection” (4.1), “Quality of Educational Experience” (5.0), and “Clear Goals and Feedback” (4.4). “Self-Efficacy,” which had an emphasis on ability to perform an eye exam and basic knowledge of ophthalmology, had a lower mean (3.4). The subjective responses were also very positive, but similarly alluded to the limitation of learning examination skills virtually.

Conclusions A medical school clinical elective can be successfully executed in a virtual format with an emphasis on student-directed learning. The novel “double-flipped” approach was highly rated by our small sample size. However, there remained a glaring limitation in the ability to transfer clinical skills in the virtual format. In the context of limited in-person contact due to the COVID-19 pandemic, we believe that the double-flipped, virtual format was a viable replacement for a traditional clinical rotation.
Dysfunctional Voiding and Incontinence Scoring System for Children and Adolescents: A Tool to Predict Clinical Course and Outcome
Authors: Sommer-Joergensen Vivienne , Sarcevic Jelena , Haecker Frank-Martin , Holland-Cunz Stefan , Gros Stephanie J. , Frech-Dörfler Martina
Published: February 2022

Introduction Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in children are common. In 2005, Akbal et al published the dysfunctional voiding and incontinence scoring system (DVAISS) to assess patient's symptoms. Our study aimed to determine the value of this scoring system for predicting the severity and clinical course of voiding abnormalities in children and adolescents.

Material and Methods Patients' symptoms were scored using the DVAISS in children and adolescents with LUTS presenting for the first time to our pediatric urology department between January 2010 and December 2015. We correlated the calculated score with voiding volume, clinical course, and outcome.

Results A total of 168 patients (113 boys, 55 girls; age 5–18 years) with isolated LUTS were included. In 53 patients (group 1), the DVAISS score was less than or equal to 8.5 and in the other 115 patients (group 2), the score was greater than 8.5 suggestive for relevant voiding abnormalities. Patients in group 1 showed a significantly higher average voiding volume (200 vs. 110 mL, p = 0.001). The median time for symptom resolution was significantly higher in group 2 than group 1 (14 vs. 8 months; p = 0.018). The severity of LUTS could be determined by these parameters.

Conclusion Based on the DVAISS, a prediction of the clinical course and approximate treatment duration is possible. Therefore, the DVAISS is useful to assess LUTS in children and is also a valuable tool in rating the severity of the disease. It is also a quite precise predictor of the time needed to resolve the symptoms.
Distribution of Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee Classification in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis in Japan
Authors: Toyooka Seikai , Osaki Yutoshi , Masuda Hironari , Arai Noriaki , Miyamoto Wataru , Ando Shuji , Kawano Hirotaka , Nakagawa Takumi
Published: February 2022

Coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) has recently been proposed as a simple and universal classification system to determine the suitability of a particular phenotype of the knee to a specific alignment strategy for knee replacement surgery. Although racial differences may affect knee alignment, there are no reports on the racial distribution of this classification system. We aimed to clarify the distribution of CPAK classification in patients with osteoarthritis who underwent total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in Japan. Consecutive patients who underwent primary TKA were analyzed retrospectively. The knees were categorized according to the CPAK classification system which comprised of two independent variables (arithmetic hip–knee–ankle [aHKA] angle and joint-line obliquity [JLO]) with three respective subgroups to create the following nine phenotypes of the knee: type I (varus aHKA and apex distal JLO), type II (neutral aHKA and apex distal JLO), type III (valgus aHKA and apex distal JLO), type IV (varus aHKA and neutral JLO), type V (neutral aHKA and neutral JLO), and type VI (valgus aHKA and neutral JLO), type VII (varus aHKA and apex proximal), type VIII (neutral aHKA and apex proximal), and type IX (valgus aHKA and apex proximal). The distribution of the phenotypes in the Japanese population was investigated as a primary outcome. To accurately compare the results with previous studies conducted on non-Japanese patients, a sex-matched distribution was investigated as a secondary outcome. A total of 570 knees were investigated of which 500 knees were examined after exclusions. The most common distribution was type I (53.8%), followed by type II (25.4%), type III (8.2%), type IV (7.2%), type V (4.4%), and type VI (1.0%). Types VII, VIII, and IX were not distributed. The sex-matched distribution was nearly identical to the overall distribution in Japan. The majority of patients with knee osteoarthritis in Japan had medially tilted joints with constitutional varus alignment.
Accuracy of Intraoperative Mechanical Axis Alignment to Long-Leg Radiographs following Robotic-Arm–Assisted Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Roche Martin W. , Vakharia Rushabh M. , Law Tsun Y. , Sabeh Karim G.
Published: February 2022

Improper alignment and implant positioning following unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) has been shown to lead to postoperative pain and increase the incidence of revision procedures. The use of robotic-arm assistance for UKA (RAUKA) has become an area of interest to help overcome these challenges. The accuracy of intraoperative alignment compared with standing long-leg X-rays postoperatively following medial RAUKA has been in question. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to (1) determine final mean intraoperative coronal alignment in extension utilizing an image based intraoperative navigation system, and (2) compare final intraoperative alignment to 6-week weight-bearing (WB) long-leg X-rays. Patients who underwent RAUKA for medial compartmental osteoarthritis were identified from January 1, 2018, to August 31, 2019, through our institution's joint registry. The query yielded 136 (72 right and 64 left) patients with a mean age of 72.02 years and mean body mass index (BMI) of 28.65 kg/m2 who underwent RAUKA. Final intraoperative alignment was compared with WB long leg X-rays 6 weeks postoperatively by measuring the mechanical alignment. Statistical analysis was primarily descriptive. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between intraoperative alignment to 6-week alignment. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Mean intraoperative coronal alignment after resections and trialing was 4.39 varus ± 2.40 degrees for the right knee, and 4.81 varus ± 2.29 degrees for the left knee. WB long-leg X-rays 6 weeks postoperatively demonstrated mechanical axis alignment for the right and left knees to be 3.01 varus ± 2.10 and 3.7 varus ± 2.38 degrees, respectively. This resulted in a change in alignment of 1.36 ± 1.76 and 1.12 ± 1.84 degrees for the right and left knees, respectively (p < 0.05). Pearson's correlation coefficient demonstrated a correlation of 0.69 between intraoperative to long-leg-X-ray alignment. RAUKA demonstrates excellent consistency when comparing postoperative WB long-leg X-rays to final intraoperative image-based non-WB alignment.
Ultra-stable zinc-ion batteries by suppressing vanadium dissolution via multiple ion-bonded vanadate cathodes
Authors: Yu Huimin , Whittle Jason David , Losic Dusan , Ma Jun
Published: February 2022

Layered vanadate cathodes hold promise for aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) owing to their multiple redox reactions as well as large interlayer space for Zn2+ storage. However, they are limited by vanadium dissolution during cycling, in association with severe capacity fade and unsatisfactory cyclic life. To address this challenge, we herein report a pre-inserted dual-cation vanadate (NaxZnyV3O8·nH2O) cathode, which combines the Zn2+-reinforced cathode structure with the Na+-enlarged lattice distance for fast and stable Zn2+ migration. Multiple ex situ analysis found that electrochemically active Zn3(OH)2V2O7·2H2O was generated after discharging, and this corresponds to the efficient suppression of vanadium dissolution by strong ionic bonding. As a result, a certain NaxZnyV3O8·nH2O cathode having a Na+ to Zn2+ ratio of 2:1 retains 99.6% of capacity after 418 cycles at 0.1 A g−1, 90.5% after 6000 cycles at 1.0 A g−1, and 96.7% after 9499 cycles at 10.0 A g−1. Our method paves a way for researchers to develop robust cathode materials for ultra-stable AZIBs.
Full-Stokes polarimetry based on rotating metasurfaces
Authors: Gong Shengchao , Meng Yilin , Wang Chenxiong , Chen Yiran , Meng Xiangqian , Wu Wei , Cai Wei , Ren Mengxin , Xu Jingjun
Published: February 2022

Polarization is a fundamental property of light that contains valuable information about the targets. Polarimeters, which enable direct measurement of the state of polarization (SOP), are desired in many areas of science and technology. The polarimeters could be divided into static and dynamic ones, among which the dynamic ones have an advantage of eliminating the need of sophisticated error reduction algorithms. Here, we demonstrate a dynamic polarimeter based on metasurface. The unit cell of metasurface is designed both chiral and anisotropic in geometry, which can response differently for incident light with different polarizations. By mounting the metasurface on a rotating stage and recording the transmitted intensity at different rotation angles, the SOPs of the incident light were finally reconstructed based on a SOP retrieval algorithm developed here.
Phase transition behavior of finite clusters under localized attack
Authors: Qing Ting , Dong Gaogao , Wang Fan , Du Ruijin , Tian Lixin
Published: February 2022

Most previous studies focused on the giant component to explore the structural robustness of complex networks under malicious attacks. As an important failure mode, localized attacks (LA) can excellently describe the local failure diffusion mechanism of many real scenarios. However, the phase transition behavior of finite clusters, as important network components, has not been clearly understood yet under LA. Here, we develop a percolation framework to theoretically and simulatively study the phase transition behavior of functional nodes belonging to the finite clusters of size greater than or equal to s(s=2,3,…) under LA in this paper. The results reveal that random network exhibits second-order phase transition behavior, the critical threshold pc increases significantly with increasing s, and the network becomes vulnerable. In particular, we find a new general scaling relationship with the critical exponent δ=−2 between the fraction of finite clusters and s. Furthermore, we apply the theoretical framework to some real networks and predict the phase transition behavior of finite clusters in real networks after they face LA. The framework and results presented in this paper are helpful to promote the design of more critical infrastructures and inspire new insights into studying phase transition behaviors for finite clusters in the network.
Simulation of three-dimensional forced compressible isotropic turbulence by a redesigned discrete unified gas kinetic scheme
Authors: Chen Tao , Wen Xin , Wang Lian-Ping , Guo Zhaoli , Wang Jianchun , Chen Shiyi , Zhakebayev Dauren B.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we implemented the Boltzmann-equation-based mesoscopic model, developed recently by Chen et al. [“Inverse design of mesoscopic models for compressible flow using the Chapman–Enskog analysis,” Adv. Aerodyn. 3, 5 (2021)], to simulate three-dimensional (3D) forced compressible isotropic turbulence. In this model, both the Prandtl number and the ratio of bulk to shear viscosity can be arbitrary prescribed. The statistically stationary turbulent flow is driven by a large-scale momentum forcing in the Fourier space, with the internal heating due to the viscous dissipation at small scales being removed by a thermal cooling function. Under the framework of discrete unified gas kinetic scheme (DUGKS), a 3D direct numerical simulation code has been developed, incorporating a generalized Strang-splitting scheme. The weighted essentially non-oscillatory (WENO) scheme is used to increase local spatial accuracy in the reconstruction of particle distribution functions at the cell interface. A 3D discrete particle velocity model with a ninth-order Gauss–Hermite quadrature accuracy is used to ensure accurate evaluation of viscous stress and heat flux in the continuum regime. We simulate forced compressible isotropic turbulence at both low and high turbulent Mach numbers. A direct comparison is performed with the results obtained from a hybrid compact finite difference-WENO scheme solving directly the Navier–Stokes–Fourier system. The comparison validates our DUGKS code and indicates that DUGKS is a reliable and promising tool for simulating forced compressible isotropic turbulence. The work represents a first study to directly simulate forced compressible turbulence by a mesoscopic method based on the Boltzmann equation.
Numerical study on photoelectric properties of semi-polar 101̄1 green InGaN light-emitting diodes with quaternary AlInGaN quantum barriers
Authors: Yin Ruimei , Jia Wei , Dong Hailiang , Jia Zhigang , Li Tianbao , Yu Chunyan , Zhang Zhuxia , Xu Bingshe
Published: February 2022

Semi-polar 101̄1 green InGaN light-emitting diodes with different quantum barrier materials were numerically investigated by considering the In composition fluctuation model. For the green light-emitting diode using quaternary Al0.05In0.1Ga0.85N quantum barriers with low Al content, the electric field was reduced, the carrier distribution was appropriately modified, and the efficiency droop was significantly alleviated. In particular, the band pulldown was relieved, and the Fermi levels were flatter, which elevated the electron confinement and decreased the hole injection potential barrier, further promoting hole transport. Moreover, the carrier distribution was more homogeneous and no longer concentrated in the last quantum well, resulting in a reduced nonradiative recombination rate and minimal turn-on voltage. Finally, the internal quantum efficiency was further enhanced by increasing the radiative recombination and thus the efficiency decreased by only 9.1% at a current density of 1000 A/cm2. The proposed structure using quaternary Al0.05In0.1Ga0.85N with low Al molar fraction as a quantum barrier showed great potential for overcoming the “green gap” problem and application in high-power scenarios.
A simple acoustofluidic device for on-chip fabrication of PLGA nanoparticles
Authors: Ozcelik Adem , Aslan Zeynep
Published: February 2022

Miniaturization of systems and processes provides numerous benefits in terms of cost, reproducibility, precision, minimized consumption of chemical reagents, and prevention of contamination. The field of microfluidics successfully finds a place in a plethora of applications, including on-chip nanoparticle synthesis. Compared with the bulk approaches, on-chip methods that are enabled by microfluidic devices offer better control of size and uniformity of fabricated nanoparticles. However, these microfluidic devices generally require complex and expensive fabrication facilities that are not readily available in low-resourced laboratories. Here, a low-cost and simple acoustic device is demonstrated by generating acoustic streaming flows inside glass capillaries through exciting different flexural modes. At distinct frequencies, the flexural modes of the capillary result in different oscillation profiles that can insert harmonic forcing into the fluid. We explored these flexural modes and identified the modes that can generate strong acoustic streaming vortices along the glass capillary. Then, we applied these modes for fluid mixing using an easy-to-fabricate acoustofluidic device architecture. This device is applied in the fabrication of poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) nanoparticles. The acoustic device consists of a thin glass capillary and two polydimethylsiloxane adaptors that are formed using three-dimensional printed molds. By controlling the flow rates of the polymer and water solutions, PLGA nanoparticles with diameters between 65 and 96 nm are achieved with polydispersity index values ranging between 0.08 and 0.18. Owing to its simple design and minimal fabrication requirements, the proposed acoustofluidic mixer can be applied for microfluidic fluid mixing applications in limited resource settings.
Theoretical and numerical studies on the interface movement and the onset of gravitational instability during the carbon dioxide dissolution into oil
Authors: Kim Min Chan
Published: February 2022

In consideration of the interface movement and the viscosity lowering due to the CO2 dissolution, the onset of gravitational instabilities in a horizontal fluid layer is analyzed theoretically and numerically. Under the linear stability theory, new stability equations are derived in the semi-infinite τ,ζ-domain. We proved that the normal mode stability analysis is possible for the deep-pool case—where the lower boundary plays little role in the spatiotemporal evolution of the concentration field. Moreover, we obtained critical conditions for the onset of convection by solving the normal mode stability equations. In addition, the effect of the swelling and the viscosity lowering on the stability, temporal evolution concentration field, and pattern formation on the dissolving interface is analyzed by solving the fully nonlinear governing equations of the flow and the concentration fields. The present linear and nonlinear analyses show consistently that both interface movement and viscosity lowering accelerate the onset of instability and enhance the dissolution of CO2. Finally, we visualize the pattern formation on the dissolving interface through the three-dimensional numerical simulations.
Line shape of the coherent population trapping resonance in the case of a Gaussian spatial profile of a light beam
Authors: Yudin V.I. , Basalaev M.Yu. , Kovalenko D.V. , Taichenachev A.V. , Pollock J. , Hansen A. , McGehee W. , Kitching J.
Published: February 2022

For coherent population trapping (CPT) resonance excited by a bichromatic field in a closed Λ-system, we have obtained an analytical expression for the line shape in the case of a Gaussian profile of the radiation intensity distribution, taking into account the light shift of the reference transition frequency. Due to the spatial inhomogeneity of the light shift, the line shape is asymmetric. The dependence of the shift of the resonance peak position on the light intenisty is investigated.
Itô – Stratonovich dilemma in the problem of laser cooling of atoms: limits of applicability of the semiclassical approximation
Authors: Kirpichnikova A.A. , Prudnikov O.N. , Taichenachev A.V. , Yudin V.I.
Published: February 2022

We report a comparative analysis of the limits of laser cooling of atoms in light fields both on the basis of a numerical solution of the quantum kinetic equation for the atomic density matrix, which makes it possible to accurately take into account quantum recoil effects during the interaction of atoms with field photons, and within the framework of the semiclassical approach using various forms of the Fokker – Plank equation. The analysis allows one to outline the limits of applicability of the semiclassical approach, as well as to choose an unambiguous form for introducing the diffusion contribution to the Fokker – Planck equation in the semiclassical description of atomic kinetics.
Radiation source based on an optical parametric oscillator with MgO : PPLN crystal and volume Bragg grating, tunable in ranges of 2050 – 2117 and 2140 – 2208 nm
Authors: Kostyukova N.Yu. , Erushin E.Yu. , Boyko A.A. , Kolker D.B.
Published: February 2022

A tunable radiation source based on an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) with a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), generating light with a wavelength of ∼2.1 μm in a near-degenerate regime, is developed. The use of a volume Bragg grating (VBG) as a selective element makes it possible to reduce significantly (by a factor of more than 180) the radiation linewidth. Wavelength tuning from 2050 to 2117 nm for the signal wave and from 2140 to 2208 nm for the idler wave is demonstrated. The maximum average OPO output power is found to be 617 mW (123 μJ), which corresponds to a conversion efficiency of 10 %. The use of a VBG provides a fundamental possibility of designing a pump source with a small linewidth (of no more than 1 nm) and smooth wavelength tuning in a desired range for frequency converters based on non-oxide nonlinear crystals generating mid-IR light (5 – 15 μm).
Laser fragmentation of silicon microparticles in liquids for solution of biophotonics problems
Authors: Nesterov V.Yu. , Sokolovskaya O.I. , Golovan L.A. , Shuleiko D.V. , Kolchin A.V. , Presnov D.E. , Kashkarov P.K. , Khilov A.V. , Kurakina D.A. , Kirillin M.Yu. , Sergeeva E.A. , Zabotnov S.V.
Published: February 2022

The possibility of manufacturing silicon nanoparticles by picosecond laser fragmentation of silicon microparticles in water is analysed. It is shown that for fragmentation duration of 40 min, the dependence of the average sizes of particles on the initial mass concentration of the micropowder varied in the range of 0.5 – 12 mg mL−1 is nonmonotonic, with the maximum average size of 165 nm being achieved at a concentration of 5 mg mL−1. To explain the obtained result, the simulation of propagation of a focused laser beam in a scattering suspension of silicon microparticles is performed for their different mass concentrations. It is demonstrated that at concentrations not exceeding 5 mg mL−1, fragmentation occurs in the paraxial region of the beam when it propagates deep into the cuvette with a suspension, while at higher concentrations it occurs primarily in the superficial layer owing to strong extinction. Calculations results allow the experimental features of the formation of silicon nanoparticles to be explained. Spectrophotometry measurements on suspensions of nanoparticles obtained at the initial concentration of microparticles of 12 mg mL−1 are compared with the theoretical estimates of the absorption and scattering coefficients obtained in the framework of the Mie theory. Measured optical properties indicate the potential of using fragmented nanoparticles as scattering and/or absorbing contrast agents in optical imaging of biological objects.
High-power mesa-stripe semiconductor lasers (910 nm) with an ultra-wide emitting aperture based on tunnel-coupled InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures
Authors: Slipchenko S.O. , Romanovich D.N. , Gavrina P.S. , Veselov D.A. , Bagaev T.A. , Ladugin M.A. , Marmalyuk A.A. , Pikhtin N.A.
Published: February 2022

The characteristics of high-power semiconductor lasers with an 800 μm emitting aperture based on tunnel-coupled InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs heterostructures with three optically uncoupled laser sections are studied. The maximum power achieved under pumping by current pulses with an amplitude of 47 A and a duration of 1 μs is 110 W with the maximum active region heating not exceeding 4.7 °C. At a pulse duration of 860 μs, the maximum optical power is 22.6 W, and the decrease in the optical power to the pulse end reaches 6.7 %. A decrease in the laser pulse duration to 85 μs leads to an increase in the peak laser power to 41.4 W at a pump current amplitude of 20 A.
Improvement of the current – voltage performance of broadened asymmetric waveguide InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs semiconductor lasers (λ = 940 – 980 nm)
Authors: Volkov N.A. , Telegin K.Yu. , Gultikov N.V. , Sabitov D.R. , Andreev A.Yu. , Yarotskaya I.V. , Padalitsa A.A. , Ladugin M.A. , Marmalyuk A.A. , Shestak L.I. , Kozyrev A.A. , Panarin V.A.
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this work is to improve the current – voltage (I – V) performance of semiconductor lasers based on broadened asymmetric waveguide InGaAs/AlGaAs/GaAs separate-confinement double heterostructures. We analyse the effect of AlGaAs waveguide layer composition on the output characteristics of the lasers and demonstrate that the decrease in the series resistance of the lasers and the threshold voltage of their I – V characteristic as a result of a decrease in the percentage of AlAs in the waveguide layers shifts the drop in the differential quantum efficiency of the lasers to higher pump currents, despite the decrease in the energy depth of the quantum wells in the active region.
Output characteristic of four-frequency Zeeman laser gyroscope with an alternating frequency bias
Authors: Kolbas Yu.Yu. , Pyatnitskii Ya.S. , Rodionov M.I. , Saveliev I.I.
Published: February 2022

We have experimentally studied the output characteristic of a four-frequency Zeeman laser gyroscope (ZLG) on longitudinal modes with orthogonal circular polarisations having an alternating frequency bias and compared it with the output characteristic of a two-frequency ZLG. It is shown that by representing a four-frequency ZLG as a set of two-frequency ZLGs with orthogonal polarisations, the output characteristic of a four-frequency ZLG can be obtained through the arithmetic mean of the output characteristics of the same gyroscope. The experimental output characteristic of a four-frequency ZLG with an alternating bias in the form of a meander with a switching frequency of 1 kHz, as well as its combination with a low-frequency meander with a frequency of 1 Hz, is presented. The efficiency of using slow meander modulation for the linearization of the output characteristic of a four-frequency ZLG is demonstrated.
Mechanism of Bloom syndrome complex assembly required for double Holliday junction dissolution and genome stability
Authors: Hodson Charlotte , Low Jason K. K. , van Twest Sylvie , Jones Samuel E. , Swuec Paolo , Murphy Vincent , Tsukada Kaima , Fawkes Matthew , Bythell-Douglas Rohan , Davies Adelina , Holien Jessica K. , O’Rourke Julienne J. , Parker Benjamin L. , Glaser Astrid , Parker Michael W. , Mackay Joel P. , Blackford Andrew N. , Costa Alessandro , Deans Andrew J.
Published: February 2022

Significance

Bloom syndrome complex (BS complex) is necessary for maintenance of genome stability and suppression of cancer-causing mutations. Composed of a helicase, a topoisomerase, and two scaffolds, the BS complex is implicated in several steps that ensure the high fidelity of DNA repair by recombination. One step, called “double Holliday junction dissolution,” ensures untangling of DNA at the conclusion of repair. Here, we used cross-link mass spectrometry to show how the BS complex assembles. Using biochemical reactions and cell complementation with mutant proteins, our results reveal an important role of helicase dimerization (and tight coupling of proteins within the complex) for double Holliday junction dissolution and genome stability.
Twisted molecular wires polarize spin currents at room temperature
Authors: Ko Chih-Hung , Zhu Qirong , Tassinari Francesco , Bullard George , Zhang Peng , Beratan David N. , Naaman Ron , Therien Michael J.
Published: February 2022

Significance

In contrast to conventional electronics, spintronics devices exploit the electron spin as an additional degree of freedom. The chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS) effect, in which chiral molecules act as spin filters in electron transport, provides a pathway to control spins in molecules. We describe an approach that integrates both spin-polarizing and spin-propagating functionality into organic structures that feature low charge transport resistances. Binding chiral ligands to molecular wires controls polarized spin handedness, regulates spin currents, generates large NIR rotational strengths, and provides a mechanism to flip the favored spin orientation for spin transmission through chiral organic molecules. This work points the way to materials that provide both high spin selectivity and large-magnitude spin currents via the CISS mechanism.
Middle formation and inalienability in Asturian
Authors: Suárez-Palma Imanol
Published: February 2022

Asturian middle-passive contexts containing activity verbs, such as lleer (to read), as well as a relational or body-part noun as their grammatical subject allow for the insertion of a non-selected dative argument interpreted as the inalienable possessor of such noun. Two configurations can yield these structures: one where the dative phrase raises to preverbal subject position, and another where the dative DP is left-dislocated and the theme in subject position. Interestingly, an analysis relying on the notion of low applicative heads relating the possessor and the possessee cannot successfully account for these configurations. An approach whereby the inalienable possession construal arises inside the DP-theme and subsequently spreads to the applicative head that introduces the dative possessor successfully overcomes this shortcoming.
Distinguishing psychological Given/New from linguistic
Topic/Focus makes things clearer
Authors: Lombardi Vallauri Edoardo
Published: February 2022

The paper suggests that there is no contradiction in
cleft sentences focalizing information which was already introduced
by the preceding context, because being already active in discourse
(i.e., Given) is not the same as being linguistically encoded as a
Topic, and Given information can be focalized in discourse. Clefts
should be explained precisely as constructions devoted mainly to
focalizing already active information. A side-effect of the analysis
is to assess that the role of syntax in expressing Information
Structure is a secondary one, because syntactic triggers of
Information Structure only work when accompanied by prosodic
triggers, whereas prosodic means can work alone.