bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES OF EXTRACTION AND ANTIVIRAL ACTIVITIES OF QUERCETIN AGAINST VIRUSES SUCH AS CORONAVIRUS, INFLUENZA VIRUS, EBOLA VIRUS, ZIKA VIRUS, AND OTHER VIRUSES
Authors: ABDESSEMED DALILA
Published: January 2021

Quercetin (QCT) is a flavonoid, existed as a pigment in various plants. It is a bioactive compound that has a favorable effect on human health. Our work concerns the selection of different rapid techniques for QCT extraction, published on the different scientific databases, as ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction process, supercritical CO2 extraction, microwave-assisted extraction and consists of researching the antiviral activity of QCT and derivatives against viruses such as coronaviruses, influenza virus, human respiratory syncytial virus, Epstein-Barr virus gastric tumor, anti-hepatitis B virus, Zika virus, and Ebola. Following this research, we found that this molecule has a broad-spectrum antiviral activity. Is it effective in controlling this new form of coronavirus, this devastating virus, which currently affects thousands of people?
STEREOTACTIC BRAIN BIOPSY: A REVIEW OF 15 CASES WITH OUTCOMES
Authors: KUMAR ASHOK , AS CARVALHO , SURENDER  , TJ RAPPAI
Published: January 2021

Objectives: Despite improvements in the imaging techniques which aid pre-operative diagnosis, starting specific treatment requires confirmation by histopathological examination (HPE). However dilemma arises in deep seated lesions, lesions in eloquent areas, and lesion in a patient with a poor performance score for palliation/adjuvant therapy. The aim of this study is to determine the diagnostic accuracy and benefits of stereotactic biopsy (STB) in cases of clinical dilemma plus its effect on post-operative stay, morbidity and mortality, and overall management of patients.

Methods: In this study, a prospective analysis of 15 patients who underwent STB in our hospital from September 2019 to July 2020 was made. The histopathological data derived from the STB, its clinical benefits, and post-operative hospital stay were analyzed.

Results: In terms of histopathology, glial tumor (66.7%) was the most common lesion. The success of obtaining positive STB samples in our study was 100%. Average post-operative stay was 3 days. The clinical benefits were immense as seen in the varied presentations and clinical dilemma with which the patients presented and a how a safely sourced tissue for histopathological diagnosis by STB greatly altered the treatment of the patient.

Conclusion: STB is a multifaceted tool in clinical practice. It can be used in diagnostic and therapeutic situations. Furthermore, in recurrent high-grade cases, it aids in providing HPE diagnosis for a more logical adjuvant treatment than one that follows an assumed diagnosis based on image findings/undergo a high-risk interventional procedure to get a specimen. It is a relatively safe procedure.
EVALUATION OF SALVIA LANATA LEAF EXTRACT FOR ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
Authors: NOGAI LIPI , KUMAR TIRATH , LOHUMI PANKAJ
Published: January 2021

Objective: The work is aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of the ethanolic leaf extract of Salvia lanata.

Methods: Anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extract of S. lanata at a dose of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg against the standard drug indomethacin at a dose of 10 mg/kg i.p. was evaluated by carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and protein denaturation method. Antioxidant activity was determined by 1, 1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method, reducing power method, and nitric oxide scavenging assay.

Results: S. lanata leaf extract showed highly significant dose-dependent efficacy against carrageenan-induced paw edema at a dose of 200 mg/kg and lesser effect at 100 mg/kg. It inhibited heat-induced albumin denaturation with a maximum inhibition of 79.26% at 160 μg/ml. DPPH free radical scavenging activity of extract exhibited inhibition of 25.96%–87.74% within the concentration range of 10 μg/ml–160 μg/ml, nitric oxide assay from 12.26% to 79.22% in the same concentration range. In reducing power assay with an increase in concentrations, an increase in the absorbance of the reaction mixture was observed. Antioxidant activity was compared to standard drug ascorbic acid.

Conclusion: The leaf extract of S. lanata has potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity.
3D PRINTING OF PHARMACEUTICALS – LEADING TREND IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Authors: NANDI SHANKHADIP
Published: January 2021

3D printing technology is a rapid prototyping process based on computer-aided design software that is proficient to construct solid objects with various geometrics by depositing numerous layers in a sequence. The major advantages of three-dimensional printing (3DP) technology over the traditional manufacturing of pharmaceuticals include the customization of medications with individually adjusted doses, on-demand tailored manufacturing, unprecedented flexibility in the design, manufacturing of complex and sophisticated solid dosage forms, and economic benefits. Recently, many researchers have been invested their efforts in applying 3DP technology to the pharmaceutical development of drug products and different drug delivery systems. Selective laser sintering, fused deposition modeling, semi-solid extrusion, stereolithography, etc., are the multiple 3DP technologies that can be established in several customized and programmable medicines. Sublingual, orodispersible, and fast-dissolving drug delivery formulations by 3DP technology have been already manufactured. Controlled-release formulations with different characteristics, doughnut-shaped multi-layered tablets with linear release kinetics, and drug-loaded tablets with modified-release characteristics are recently fabricated using 3DP. However, few 3DP methods produce uneven shapes of dosage forms and comparatively porous structures. Cost of transition, adaptation to the existing facility, achieving regulatory approval, etc., are the present challenges that can restrict the extensive application of 3DP technology to pharmaceutical products. Intense research work for modifying the 3DP methods is simultaneously sustained for by-passing the flaws and current limitations of this technology. 3DP technology can act as a convenient and potential tool for the pharmaceutical industry which will set a revolutionary manufacturing style in the near future to facilitate patient-centered health care.
IN VITRO AND IN SILICO ALPHA-AMYLASE INHIBITION POTENTIAL (ANTI-DIABETIC ACTIVITY) OF PSEUDERANTHEMUM BICOLOR (SIMS) RADIK
Authors: BS RAMESH , RAVI LOKESH
Published: January 2021

Objective: Aim of this study is to evaluate theanti-diabetic activity of Pseuderanthemum bicolor commonly called limang-sugat by inhibiting alpha-amylase protein.

Methods: Leaves of P. bicolor were extracted with methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate. The extracts were subjected for alpha-amylase inhibition assay and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. Phytochemical compounds identified by GC-MS were subjected for protein-ligand docking study against alpha-amylase protein. Acarbose was used as a positive standard drug.

Results: The major bioactive compounds obtained from methanol, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts were 1,6;2,3-Dianhydro-4-Deoxy-Beta-D-Ribo-Hexopyranose, Pseduosarsasapogenin-5,20-Dien, methyl ether/Hexatriacontane, Di-N-decylsulfone/Octadecanal, and squalene, respectively. A total of 19 secondary metabolites were subjected for protein–ligand docking study against the alpha-amylase protein. The reference drug acarbose demonstrated binding energy of −7.8 Kcal/mol and formed 20 hydrogen bonds with the enzyme. Acarbose signified high polar interaction with the amylase enzyme. Among the 19 test ligands, “2,2-Dibromocholestanone” from ethyl acetate extract exemplified the highest binding energy of −9.3 Kcal/mol. The next highest remarkable inhibition was showed by “Pseduosarsasapogenin-5,20-Dien Methyl Ether” present in the methanol extract, with a binding energy of -9.3 Kcal/mol with the formation of 2 hydrogen bonds.

Conclusion: From the result, it could be concluded that the P. bicolor leaves contain various bioactive compounds which are considered as a good anti-diabetic drug.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON RAMIPRIL AND TELMISARTAN-ASSOCIATED HYPONATREMIA
Authors: S BHUVANESHWARI , D VIJAYA
Published: January 2021

Objectives: This study was planned to study the association of ramipril and telmisartan with hyponatremia and to compare the hyponatremia effect of ramipril and telmisartan.

Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital. Serum sodium levels were assayed in patients taking ramipril and telmisartan. Fifty-one patients were recruited. The patient’s age, gender, drug dosage, and frequency of drug administration were collected using a pro forma. Statistical analysis of data was performed using SPSS version 23.0.

Results: About 35.3% (28 out of 51) of the study population administered with ramipril and telmisartan developed hyponatremia. Predisposition to develop hyponatremia was high in males compared to females. Incidence of hyponatremia was 43.8% (7 out of 16) in the age group of 50–60 years. Although, incidence of hyponatremia was 56.5% (13 out of 23) in ramipril group compared to 17.9% (5 out of 28) in telmisartan group, it was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: The current study laid emphasis on the requisite for monitoring of serum sodium level in patients on ramipril and telmisartan administration to avoid morbidity and mortality due to unexpected adverse reactions.
Analiza zagrożenia pożarowo-wybuchowego stwarzanego przez wybrane środki ochrony roślin wraz z oceną ich potencjalnego wpływu na środowisko
Authors: Kukfisz Bożena
Published: January 2021

The article presents the threats posed by selected plant protection products used in agriculture containing active substances from the pyrethroid group (lambda-cyhalothrin, beta-cyfluthrin and deltamethrin), which were selected on the basis of the register of authorized plant protection products granted marketing authorization by the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development [1, 2]. Explosive parameters created by dust clouds of selected substances and preparations were determined and classified in appropriate explosion classes [3, 4]. In terms of flammability danger, values of heat release rate were determined on the basis of calorimetric analysis of specimens exposed in the horizontal orientation to controlled levels of irradiation with an external igniter [5].
Implementation of a Hepatitis C Treatment Program Into a Primary Care Residency Clinic
Authors: Rhodes Morgan Adams , Humphrey Mark
Published: January 2021

Background and Objectives: Hepatitis C (HCV) is a commonly diagnosed disease state in primary care. Regimen simplification has made eradication possible with improvements in treatment and improved access through primary care physician (PCP) education. Little has been published discussing the role of resident physicians in the treatment of HCV. We implemented an HCV treatment program to increase access to HCV care, identify effective training methods, and examine the efficacy of resident physician treatment. Objectives were to increase the number of patients treated, improve resident confidence in ability to treat HCV, and increase the likelihood that they will continue to treat patients after graduation.
Methods: A curriculum to train physicians to treat HCV was developed and implemented in a large family medicine residency program. This was a single-center implementation, with a retrospective chart review of patient data and anonymous survey of clinicians for curriculum assessment. We analyzed data using descriptive statistics.
Results: The resident physician survey had a 92.3% response rate (n=36). Precurriculum, 94.4% of residents were not confident in their ability to treat HCV. After program implementation, 25% of residents were confident in treating HCV. The most effective educational interventions involved the multidisciplinary team. To date, 30 patients have started treatment since 2017. Of the patients who completed treatment, 23 patients achieved a virologic cure.
Conclusion: Treating patients for HCV at a residency clinic increased physician confidence in evaluating and addressing this chronic disease and resulted in a cure of all patients treated.
Determinación de la calidad microbiológica de mejillón (Mytella guyanensis: Mytilidae) en Puerto Palito, Isla de Chira en el Pacífico Costarricense
Authors: González Fiorella , Salazar Marlon , Méndez Rodrigo , Saravia zuñiga Karol maria
Published: January 2021

Esta investigation tuvo como objetivo determinar la cantidad de coliformes fecales en carne y agua de mejillón, además de identificar si las condiciones de temperatura, pH, salinidad fueron favorables, asimismo si el tipo de manipulación que se le da contribuye al crecimiento microbiano. El alcance fue obtener valores reales de contaminación y presencia o ausencia de microorganismos característicos que se encuentra en estos moluscos, análisis que se realizarón en época lluviosa debido a que existe un mayor arrastre de afluentes que trasladan contaminantes. La metodología consistió en realizar análisis microbiológicos a muestras de carne y concha en etapa de siembra del mejillón y se analizó según métodos estandarizados de laboratorio. Se concluyó que la muestra analizada es un potencial riesgo para la salud del consumidor, al poseer 9.5 x 10 1 UFC/g de E. coli, sumado a que si no hay una correcta manipulación aunado a que las condiciones del medio favorecen a la multiplicación de los coliformes fecales en la zona en estudio. Por otro lado, si el mejillón se extrae del medio y existe abuso de tiempo y temperatura y una manipulación inadecuada aumenta el riesgo de crecimiento de patógenos. El procedimiento recomendado para bajar la carga microbiana según las condiciones del mejillón cultivado en la zona en estudio es la depuración previa a su cocción y consumo.
Residuos sólidos y su percepción social en el área terrestre de la isla Uvita, Limón, Costa Rica.
Authors: Luna Jiménez Miguel Andrés , Pereira Chaves José Miguel
Published: January 2021

Esta investigación se realizó en la isla Uvita,  cuyo objetivo fue identificar los residuos sólidos que se producen en isla Uvita,  así como conocer la percepción social que se tiene de la misma, dicha Isla  se ubica en el cantón central de provincia de Limón, dentro de las coordenadas latitud norte: 09o 59’ 43.9” N y 083o 00’ 46.2” O, sur: 09o 59’ 29.5” N y 083o 00’ 40.5”O, longitud oeste: 09o 59’ 39.7” N y 083o 00’ 48.0”O, este: 09o 59’ 41.1” N y 083o 00’ 38.1”O9 durante el periodo comprendido entre noviembre 2016 a mayo del 2017,  donde se ha interpretado el residuo sólido como la parte no utilizable o consumible de algún producto o mercadería proveniente de la actividad humana, la metodología empleada fue  una variación a la metodología descrita en el decreto ejecutivo N0 37745-S correspondiente al Estudio, Generación y Composición de Residuos Sólidos Ordinarios, entre los principales resultados obtenidos se documentó un total de 519,3 kg recolectados durante dicho periodo de investigación, entre los diversos residuos sólidos estaban plástico, vidrio, papel y cartón, polilaminados y diversos objetos que no entraban en las categorías anteriores clasificados como “otros”  para efectos de la presente investigación; la percepción de los visitantes dio a conocer la necesidad de la implementación de una estrategia de manejo de los residuos sólidos que cuente con la vinculación de sectores sociales e instituciones claves como la Municipalidad de Limón.
Necrosis Pancreatic Infectious Virus does not block 701-STAT1 (α/β) tyrosine in Oncorhynchus mykiss (‎Salmoniformes: ‎Salmonidae).
Authors: Cortés Donald Arguedas
Published: January 2021

ABSTRACT: Necrosis Pancreatic Infectious Virus does not block 701-STAT1 (α/β) tyrosine in Oncorhynchus mykiss (‎Salmoniformes: ‎Salmonidae).

Introduction: Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) is a pathogen important that affects predominantly salmonids. The type I interferon alpha system has a crucial role in the first line of defense against IPNV infection. IFN-I(α) activation triggers the signaling pathway JAK-STAT, binding to their receptors results in the rapid phosphorylation of STATs a critical step for the nuclear translocation to induce the interferon stimulated genes (ISGs). The relationship between infectivity level of IPNV strain and pathway signaling of IFN is yet poorly understood. Objective: our purpose was to investigate if the IFN-I(α) signaling pathway is affected by IPNV strains of different infectivity levels.

Methods: We used two IPNV isolated (VR-299 and Sp) to infect RTG-2 cells. Total RNA was isolated using the commercial kit for determine to VP2 expression and ISGs using qRT-PCR. Western Immunoblotting analysis was carried out for determine the 701 STAT1(α/β) phosphorylation into infected cells.

Results: Hence, a higher virulence strain is not associated with a greater blocking effect for interferon signaling. Furthermore, the activation of Y701-STAT1 (α/β) was significantly increased in serotype Sp virus infected cells compared with serotype VR-299 virus infected cells, indicating that IPNV inhibits IFN signaling pathway.

Conclusions: As concluded, IPNV does not block the phosphorylation of 701-tyrosine STAT1 (α/β) stimulated by IFN-I(α), contrary to other RNA viruses.
Gestión de residuos químicos en la Universidad Estatal a Distancia: abordajes desde la Regencia Química
Authors: Montero Miranda Eric , Rios Badilla Eduard
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN: Este trabajo describe las estrategias empleadas por la Regencia Química del Programa de Laboratorio (PROLAB) de la Universidad Estatal a Distancia (UNED) para la gestión de residuos químicos peligrosos generados, producto de la actividad académica de los laboratorios de ciencias, así como los diversos centros y proyectos de investigación adscritos a la universidad. Como parte de las acciones de esta unidad se identifican, segregan, almacenan y se gestiona el tratamiento de alrededor de 208 L y 25 kg anuales de residuos de sustancias químicas clasificados en seis categorías, destacando los residuos líquidos de metales pesados. Además, se neutralizan cerca de 60 L de sustancias ácidas y básicas y se envían mil envases contaminados a un gestor autorizado para su tratamiento.
Composición florística, estructura horizontal y potencial de conservación de árboles y arbustos de la Reserva Biológica Isla del Caño, Costa Rica
Authors: Oviedo Pérez Paul
Published: January 2021

. El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la composición florística, la estructura horizontal y el potencial de conservación de árboles y arbustos en Isla del Caño, Costa Rica. Se seleccionaron dos sitios con diferente estadio de sucesión (ladera y planicie). En cada sitio se establecieron siete parcelas (10 m x 30 m) y se realizó un inventario de todos los árboles con diámetro ≥ 10 cm. En el centro de cada parcela se delimitó un cuadrante de 5 m x 5 m y se identificaron los arbustos y árboles con diámetro menor a 10 cm. La composición fue analizada a partir de las especies registradas y la cantidad de individuos por especie. La estructura horizontal fue analizada usando como parámetros la densidad arbórea, el índice de valor de importancia (IVI) y la distribución por clase diamétrica. Los resultados indicaron una diferencia significativa de la composición entre ambos sitios. El peso ecológico recae sobre las especies Brosimum utile y Ocotea insularis. Ambas especies se concentraron en la planicie; mientras que la vegetación de la ladera estuvo constituida por especies heliófitas. El porcentaje de similitud entre las especies de dosel y sotobosques fue de 17% en la ladera y 36% en la planicie. La regeneración de las especies de dosel fue abundante, principalmente para B. utile. La distribución de los árboles por clases diamétricas mostró la forma de “J” invertida. La mayoría de las especies fueron asignadas a una categoría de conservación baja. Este estudio confirma que pocas especies tuvieron alta dominancia y abundancia, posiblemente como respuesta de las especies a las condiciones ambientales de la isla. La abundancia de árboles y arbustos importantes para la restauración; así como, las especies maderables, justifican la conservación de la isla.
Efecto de la incorporación de Zeolita natural y Mucuna pruriens en el cultivo de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) bajo condiciones controladas en Upala, Alajuela, Costa Rica
Authors: Sandoval Fernández Liseth , Zúñiga Orozco Andrés , Mendoza Luna Alexander , Montero Jara Karla , Peña Cordero Wagner
Published: January 2021

Se utilizó una fuente de abono verde, Mucuna pruriens a una dosis de 120 g/m2 y otra fuente de mineral Zeolita con dosis de 152 g/m2, en 7 tratamientos. Se logró determinar que el tratamiento de Mucuna pruriens y fertilización como el mejor en rendimiento, incluso mejor que el testigo comercial y otros tratamientos, además con una calidad de grano aceptable, también contribuyendo en una utilización eficiente del nitrógeno en la planta y una buena incorporación de materia orgánica al suelo. Otros efectos y factores involucrados bajo las condiciones de este ensayo son discutidos.
La La gestión en redes definidas por software (SDN) desde la perspectiva de FCAPS
Authors: Santamaria-Sandoval Jose Roberto
Published: January 2021

Una nueva arquitectura de comunicaciones establece nuevos retos, en el caso de SDN en términos de la gestión. Este trabajo analiza la gestión en redes SDN desde la perspectiva de FCAPS. La metodología de investigación es revisión bibliográfica de distintas fuentes de información como artículos científicos, documentos de proveedores y normativas con las cuales realizar una comparación y análisis. Los resultados más importantes son la comprensión de la gestión en SDN y su protocolo OpenFlow, así como sus diferencias con el modelo tradicional de gestión. El segundo resultado importante es la necesidad del desarrollo de complementos a OpenFlow para dar cabalidad a todas las funciones definidas en un modelo FCAPS. Del trabajo sé concluye que la gestión de SDN si es posible visualizarla desde la perspectiva FCAPS, pero tiene una serie de brechas que son cubiertas con desarrollos complementarios. Aun así, se visualiza que SDN podrá cubrir todas las funcionalidades de FCAPS en el corto plazo por el tiempo reciente que tiene esta arquitectura en términos tecnológicos
Mejoramiento Genético en Piña: una estrategia viable y funcional en Costa Rica
Authors: Zuñiga Orozco Andres , Carrodeguas Gonzalez Ayerin
Published: January 2021

El cultivo de la piña (Anannas comosus L. var. comosus) es una fuente económica y de empleo importante en países tropicales y africanos. A pesar de los esfuerzos que se han realizado por parte de centros de investigación el número de variedades que se han producido e implementado en los últimos 100 años no ha generado gran variabilidad de nuevos materiales genéticos; en la mayoría de los casos se han restringido a evaluaciones de germoplasma, uso local y no han generado variedades que se puedan adaptar a otras condiciones agroecológicas. Objetivo: se realiza una revisión de aspectos biológicos y genéticos a contemplar para llevar a cabo un proyecto de mejoramiento genético en piña, además se hace una propuesta con el fin de mejorar procesos y alcanzar los objetivos de mejora en un tiempo más reducido
Bases para la mejora genética en Gerbera hybrida
Authors: Carrodeguas-Gonzalez Ayerin , Zuñiga Orozco Andres
Published: January 2021

: Gerbera hybrida, conocida popularmente como Margarita de Japón, es una planta ornamental por excelencia que se cultiva en casi todas las regiones del planeta, tanto como planta en maceta, como para ser utilizada como flor de corte. Sus inflorescencias presentan una larga duración poscosecha, siendo muy adecuadas para la confección de arreglos florales. La gerbera moderna es el resultado de la hibridación entre Gerbera jamesonii, Gerbera viridifolia y posiblemente otras especies, por lo que puede ser llamada de diferentes formas tales como: Gerbera jamesonii hybrida, híbridos de Gerbera jamesonii o Gerbera hybrida. Por ser una planta ampliamente cultivada, se han desarrollado en diferentes países diversos programas de mejoramiento genético, pero la mayoría basados en genética clásica sin aplicar el uso de herramientas moleculares. En Cuba, aun no se ha trabajado en el mejoramiento de este cultivo, lo cual sería sumamente importante teniendo en cuenta los problemas que hoy se presentan, como la baja germinación de las semillas. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una descripción de la biología floral de esta especie para apoyar el inicio de un programa de mejora. Además, se realizó un estudio de los antecedentes en la mejora genética a nivel internacional, como son: el cariotipado de la especie, estudios de diversidad genética, heredabilidad, mapeo genético, estudio de genes reguladores, y otros aspectos de la biología reproductiva como los modos de reproducción y los sistemas de autoincompatibilidad.
Evaluación de tres productos desinfectantes sobre semillas de maíz y cebada para la producción en la tecnología de Forraje Verde Hidropónico
Authors: Zuñiga Orozco Andres , Beauregard Zúñiga Ivette
Published: January 2021

Se analizó variables de crecimiento utilizando tratamientos desinfectantes de semillas, en diferentes dosis y en dos forrajes comúnmente usados para alimentación animal (maíz y cebada), haciendo uso de la tecnología FVH en la localidad de San Carlos, Alajuela, Costa Rica. Se usó los productos Kilol® (L DF-100 11 SL), Cloro (4%) y Agua oxigenada (10%) a una dosis 7.5 ml/L y 5 ml/L, en dos tipos de forraje y se evaluaron las variables: producción de biomasa neta, materia seca (MS), proteína cruda e incidencia de hongos. En cuanto a los resultados el mejor tratamiento para control de hongos fue el T6 (Agua oxigenada a 5ml/L) para cebada, en maíz no hubo diferencias. En producción de biomasa neta, el maíz acumuló mayor biomasa que cebada, siendo el T5 y T6 los que obtuvieron mayor peso y % de proteína. En cuanto al contenido de materia seca, hay un efecto contraproducente al aplicar desinfectantes, puesto que todos acumularon menos materia seca con respecto al testigo, posiblemente debido a un efecto fitotóxico. La proteína cruda y materia seca en la cebada, supera el contenido de un alimento comercial para alimentación animal, el kilo de cebada es 3.85 veces más barato. Finalmente, se concluye que usar agua oxigenada a 5ml/L es la mejor opción para desinfección de semilla, incluso con un efecto positivo al promover germinación, crecimiento y acumulación de biomasa neta. En conclusión, todos los tratamientos tuvieron presencia de hongos saprófitos, pero el maíz fue el menos afectado y aunque en cebada se presentaron, no fueron especialmente importantes. El T6 (AO a 5 ml/L) fue quien mejor controló hongos en cebada. Tanto en maíz como en cebada los tratamientos que presentaron valores más altos en producción de biomasa neta fueron el T5 (AO a 7.5 ml/L) y T6 (AO a 5 ml/L). Tanto en maíz como en cebada, el tratamiento que presenta los valores más altos de materia seca fue el T7 (Testigo), pudo haber un efecto de fitotoxicidad en los demás tratamientos. Tanto en maíz como en cebada los tratamientos que presentaron valores más altos en proteína fueron el T5 (AO a 7.5 ml/L) en maíz y los T3, T5 y T6 en cebada. El agua oxigenada en dosis de 5 ml/L (T6), presentó los mejores efectos entre las variables analizadas y aunque en MS y proteína no fue así, se encuentra dentro de los valores recomendados para la alimentación animal, según diferentes autores. Además, presenta un efecto bioestimulante en germinación de semillas. Los resultados analizados en los FVH de esta investigación, demuestran tener mayor cantidad de proteína y materia seca que el alimento concentrado Vap Feed®.
El El desempeño de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, COVID-19 y la Costa Rica Bicentenaria
Authors: Rojas Morales Jose Rodrigo , Montero-Miranda Eric , Campos-Calderón Fernando
Published: January 2021

RESUMEN:

Costa Rica fue el primer país del mundo en comprometerse con el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). A cinco años de la adhesión voluntaria, luego de dos informes voluntario y en medio de la pandemia COVID-19, se efectúa un estudio sobre el desempeño de los ODS y los retos de cara a la Costa Rica bicentenaria. Para ello se recurre a un análisis de entorno PESTAL y a una matriz de evaluación de cumplimiento. Los resultados demuestran que el país mantiene avances en los objetivos 2, 3, 7, 12, 13, y 15; en tanto que existen rezagos en los ODS 1, 6, 8, 11, 14 y 16. Si bien el cumplimiento de los objetivos se ha visto comprometido por la pandemia, hay condiciones preexistentes que magnifican los pasivos y deudas ambientales. Además de medidas relacionadas con políticas monetarias y reactivación económica, se deben promover proyectos de ordenamiento territorial, movilidad eléctrica e independencia del petróleo, así como soluciones basadas en la naturaleza como hoja de ruta para la gobernanza y desempeño de los ODS
Linguagem natural ou linguagem controlada? Influência da palavra-chave na representação para indexação e recuperação de informações
Authors: Fujita Mariangela Spotti Lopes
Published: January 2021

Trata-se de ensaio para apresentar o debate entre linguagem natural ou linguagem controlada na perspectiva contemporâneada internet e web 2.0 em que as atuais bases de dados, muitas de acesso aberto como os repositórios, são heterogêneasquanto à organização e representação da informação. O objetivo é investigar, por meio de revisão de literatura, o uso delinguagem natural ou de linguagem controlada por sistemas de informação, de modo geral, e por repositórios, de modomais específico, para observar, avaliar e discutir os resultados, recomendações e reflexões. Na análise qualitativa foramselecionados 90 trabalhos que, após leitura prévia, foram escolhidas 73 produções científicas. Na sequência, a leitura foiextensiva para coleta dos objetivos, metodologia, resultados, conclusões e principais pontos de vista dos autores. Umaamostra representativa de 38 textos está distribuída em 12 categorias de análise para facilitar a compreensão macro e microdesse debate e seus rumos. Os resultados demonstraram que investigadores ao longo dos anos, desde que surgiram asprimeiras bases de dados, continuam realizando estudos exploratórios para observar comportamentos de indexadores ede usuários, uso de ferramentas, processos, produtos e ambiente com diferentes contextos e tipologias textuais. Estudosde aplicação de novas metodologias, processos e produtos também são encontrados e demonstram novas possibilidadesde soluções conciliadoras. Concluiu-se que a coexistência entre linguagem natural e linguagem controlada é necessária emsistemas de informação para a representação na indexação e na busca.

Palavras-chave: Palavra-chave. Linguagem natural. Linguagem controlada. Vocabulário controlado.
Conceitos sobre Gestão do Conhecimento: uma revisão sistemática da literatura brasileira
Authors: Valentim Marta Ligia Pomim
Published: January 2021

Apresenta-se os conceitos presentes na literatura brasileira sobre gestão do conhecimento e seus elementos constitutivos. A literatura internacional oferece uma quantidade significativa de textos que abordam as concepções, conceitos e definições sobre gestão do conhecimento, contudo, este artigo enfoca apenas a literatura produzida por pesquisadores brasileiros, publicada em periódicos nacionais, no intuito de conhecer o estado da arte sobre gestão do conhecimento e observar a evolução do conceito ao longo do tempo no País. Como procedimentos metodológicos, definiu-se a Revisão Sistemática de Literatura, aplicando-se um protocolo de pesquisa, de maneira a atender o rigor científico para a coleta e a análise dos dados. A partir da análise dos textos recuperados foi possível conhecer os conceitos atribuídos para gestão do conhecimento, bem como os elementos constitutivos mais significativos na visão dos pesquisadores brasileiros.

 

Palavras-chave: Gestão do conhecimento. Conceitos. Compartilhamento de conhecimento. Revisão Sistemática da Literatura. Brasil.

Apresenta-se os conceitos presentes na literatura brasileira sobre gestão do conhecimento e seus elementos constitutivos. A literatura internacional oferece uma quantidade significativa de textos que abordam as concepções, conceitos e definições sobre gestão do conhecimento, contudo, este artigo enfoca apenas a literatura produzida por pesquisadores brasileiros, publicada em periódicos nacionais, no intuito de conhecer o estado da arte sobre gestão do conhecimento e observar a evolução do conceito ao longo do tempo no País. Como procedimentos metodológicos, definiu-se a Revisão Sistemática de Literatura, aplicando-se um protocolo de pesquisa, de maneira a atender o rigor científico para a coleta e a análise dos dados. A partir da análise dos textos recuperados foi possível conhecer os conceitos atribuídos para gestão do conhecimento, bem como os elementos constitutivos mais significativos na visão dos pesquisadores brasileiros.

Palavras-chave: Gestão do conhecimento. Conceitos. Compartilhamento de conhecimento. Revisão Sistemática da Literatura. Brasil.
Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on the Chemical Reaction Rate toward Critical Thinking Ability of Students
Authors: Kasmiati Kasmiati , Tahril Tahril , Tiwow Vanny M. A.
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to identify the effect of the problem-based learning model on the reaction rate toward critical thinking abilities of students of MAN 1 Palu. This study was a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest control group design. Sampling was taken by purposive sampling technique with the sample of class XI MIA 3 as the experimental group (n = 18) and class XI MIA 4 as the control group (n = 14). The results of the study and data analysis obtained an average value of students' critical thinking skills from the questionnaire that the experimental group was 82.95%, higher than the control group (73.43%). The average value of students' critical thinking skills from the description test showed that the experimental group was 79.42%, higher than the control group (58.02%). Students' critical thinking skills data using parametric statistical analysis with t-test (right-party t-test) obtained tcount > ttable was 6.83 > 2.04 which corresponds to the H1 acceptance area, therefore H1 was accepted and H0 rejected. This means that students 'critical thinking skills in the experimental group were higher than in the control group. The results of this study concluded that the problem-based learning model had a significant influence on the thinking ability of students in grade XI on the reaction rate at MAN 1 Palu.
Flower Extracts of Cage Plants (Canavalia virosa) as an Indicator of Acid Base
Authors: Rendi Andi M. , Supriadi Supriadi , Suherman Suherman
Published: January 2021

Cage plants (Canavalia virosa) are classified as nuts. This study aims to prove the flowers of the cage plants as acid-base indicators and determine the type of acid-base titration that is suitable for indicators of cage plants. The flowers of the cage plants were macerated with ethanol. Extras were tested as indicators in acid-base solutions, buffer solutions, and compared with phenolphthalein and methyl orange for acid-base titration, namely: strong acid with a strong base, a weak acid with a strong base, and weak base with strong acid. The results obtained in this study, namely: flower extracts of cage plants in strong red acid, in weak acid pink, in strong green bases, and weak bases in light green. In a buffer solution of pH 1 to pH 11, the flower extract of the cage plants gives 4 color groups, namely: a buffer solution with pH 1 colored red, pH 3 colored pink, pH 5 to pH 9 being light green, and pH 11 being dark blue. Cage plant flower extract can be used as an indicator of acid-base, cage plant flower extract can be used on strong-base strong acid titration, strong weak-acid base, and weak-strong base acid titration.
Different types of government and governance in the blockchain
Authors: Llamas Covarrubias Jersain Zadamig , Llamas Covarrubias Irving Norehem
Published: January 2021

This research work, a study was carried out on blockchain technology and its types, as well as the creation of new models of government and governance from the scope of an organization, infrastructure and platform. Governance and commercial models were addressed, based on standardization of data and legal frameworks. On the other hand, it showed how operational governance causes consequences in business models, whether with transactions, multi-signature, forks, consensus mechanism, smart contracts, tokenization, online dispute resolution and decentralized application (World Economic Forum, 2020, pp. 97 196). It was discovered that at least in current business models, private blockchain networks are more useful than public networks because they have greater operational flexibility and data governance, without exempting that public networks must also have mechanisms of governance since sometimes a human consensus must be reached to make updates to protocols and technical rules (The Law Society, 2020, pp. 24-61). This paper shows the basic principles that must be observed about governance and regulation in the implementation of blockchain technologies in systems created by governments, corporations and/or organized civil societies.
The relation between increased carotid intima-media thickness with fibrin monomers in obese children
Authors: Yazarlı Esra , Saç Rukiye , Şimşek Betül , Engiz Özlem , Alioglu Bulent , Dallar Yildiz
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association between
carotid intima-media changes that play a part in the atherosclerotic
process in childhood obesity and fibrin monomers as an important
indicator of fibrin plaque. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of
obese children and non-obese healthy control subjects. Height, weight,
body mass index, waist/hip ratio, systolic/diastolic blood pressures
were recorded, in addition, biochemistry, hemogram, fibrin monomers and
d-dimer were measured in both groups. Right and left common carotid
intima-media thicknesses were measured by ultrasonography and mean
carotid intima-media thickness was calculated. Results: Obese children
(n=89, 46.1% girls, median age: 12.6±2.3 years) and healthy control
group (n=40, 52.5% girls, median age: 13.2±2.2 years) were comparable
in terms of gender, age and puberty stage. Mean carotid intima-media
thickness was higher in obese children than the healthy control group
(p=0.002). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of
fibrin monomers and D-dimer levels. In obese children, there was a weak
negative correlation between mean carotid intima-media thickness and
fibrin monomers (p=0.030, r=-0.233). Conclusion: In obese children, mean
carotid intima-media thickness was determined higher, as an early
indicator of atherosclerosis. We want to emphasize that obese children
are at risk for cardiovascular disease and should be evaluated in terms
of atherosclerosis. This study investigates the relation between
increased carotid intima-media thickness and fibrin monomers, in
children, the first time in Literature. What’s already known about this
topic? It is possible to reveal the early period of the atherosclerosis
process by showing carotid intima medial thickness. Fibrin is a major
component of many atherosclerotic plaques. What does this article add?
Our study investigated the relationship between mean carotid
intima-media thickness in childhood obesity and fibrin monomers. But no
positive correlation was found between fibrin monomers and the carotid
intima-media thickness.
Second-Look Flexible Ureterorenoscopy: A Technique Proposal to Achieve Real Stone Free Status
Authors: Cebeci Oguz Ozden , Özkan Tayyar Alp , Yalcin Mustafa Savas , Dillioglugil Ozdal , Cevik Ibrahim
Published: January 2021

Introduction Residual stone fragments remain a challenging topic for
urologists following retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS). This study
investigates the effectiveness of second-look flexible ureterorenoscopy
(URS) to achieve a true stone-free status and decrease stone-related
events. Material and Method A total of 176 consecutive patients treated
with RIRS for kidney stones were included in the study. Patients were
divided into two groups, group 1 receiving the standard of care (n=51)
and group 2 receiving second-look flexible URS (n=125). In all cases,
one or more calyceal stones of 1 to 4 mm were extracted with a basket at
the time of stent removal. Unless earlier intervention was necessary,
patients were followed up every six months to determine if they had
experienced SREs. Results The mean follow-up time for the whole group
was 21±11.1 months. The mean number of stones in group 1 and group 2 was
1.25±0.11 and 1.56±0.19, respectively. Postoperative stone-free rate
after RIRS for group 1 and group 2 were 37.25% (n=19/51) and 40.8%
(n=51/125), respectively. The SFR improved to 93.6% (n=117/125) in
group 2. Multivariable analysis showed that type of intervention, stone
size, and body mass index were independent prognostic factors for SREs.
When group 2 was taken as a reference, the odds ratio for SREs was 8.48
(95% CI: 2.95–24.42) in group 1. Conclusion This study found that
second-look flexible URS increased the SFRs and diminished the number of
SREs. We propose performing second-look flexible URS following RIRS in
the presence or suspicion of RSFs to provide better treatment results,
less radiation exposure, and greater patient satisfaction. Key Words
Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery, Flexible Ureteroscopy, Stone-free Rate,
Residual stone Fragments, Stone-Related Event, Second-look Flexible
Ureteroscopy.
The informativity of the markers of iron metabolism in the differential diagnosis of anemia of inflammation in children with chronic HBV infection
Authors: Inoyatova F. I. , Ikramova N. A. , Inogamova G. Z. , Kadyrkhodzhayeva Kh. M. , Abdullayeva F. G. , Valiyeva N. K. , Akhmedova A. Kh.
Published: January 2021

Objective: To assess diagnostic importance of iron metabolism markers in the progression of anemia of inflammation (AI) in children with chronic HBV infection.

Materials and methods: Among 148 examined children with chronic HBV infection 140 had AI, 60.7% of them with refractory (RA) and 39.3% with non-refractory (nRA) progression variant. Complete blood count was performed using hematologic automatic analyzer. Virologic verification of HBV was done by ELISA and PCR. ELISA was used to determine 25-hepcidin, serum iron, ferritin, trasferrin, sTfR, IL-1, IL-6. The index sTfR/log10Ft was calculated.

Results: Performing the examination of children with chronic HBV infection we determined high prevalence of AI, equal to 94.6%, which was characterized by normocyte normochromic progression, thrombocytopenia, thrombocrit decrease in case of RA, and microcyte hypochromic progression with erythrocyte anisocytosis in case of nRA. Despite the high inflammatory index induced by HBV viral replication, children with RA had characteristic decrease in 25-hepcidin and transferrin parameters with background high values of ferritin, while nRA was characterized by rise of 25-hepcidin and transferrin spectrum with low values of serum iron and ferritin.

Conclusions. In the genesis of AI in chronic HBV cases two pathogenic variants were determined: true iron deficiency with ferromarkers in the type of IDA characteristic for nRA and redistribution iron deficiency compliant to hemosiderosis characteristic for RA. Priority in the differential diagnosis of AI variants is given to the comparison of sTfR/log10Ft index parameters (RA<1.0; nRA>2.0) with reference level of 25-hepcidin<28,68ng/ml in case of RA, and >56,37ng/ml in case of nRA.
The impact of viral infections on the results of hemopoietic stem cell transplantation in patients with hematologic malignancies
Authors: Antonova T. V. , Pobegalova O. E. , Nozhkin M. S. , Romanova M. A. , Gorchakova O. V.
Published: January 2021

Study Objective: to assess the impact of herpesviruses infections reactivation and concomitant chronic hepatitis C infection (CHC) on complications and one-year survival after hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in patients with hematologic malignancies.

Materials and Methods: medical records of HSCT recipients with PCR-confirmed viral infections (CMV, HHV-6, EBV, HSV-1,2, HCV) from Raisa Gorbacheva Memorial Research Institute for Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Transplantation of Pavlov First St.Petersburg State Medical University were analyzed retrospectively. The following groups were composed: patients with herpesviruses infections reactivation (PCR+) without clinical manifestation (n=37), patients with clinically manifest herpesviruses infections (n=21), and patients with CHC (n=28). Control groups were selected using matched samples method from patients with negative test results. HSCT complications rate and one-year survival were compared. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS Statistics 22 software.

Results: Herpesviruses infections reactivation was revealed in 61,2% of 343 patients. The complications rate across the groups did not differ significantly. One-year survival (Kaplan-Meier) was significantly lower in the groups with herpesviruses infections (PCR+) without clinical manifestation (52,1% vs 73,5%), manifest herpesviruses infections (38,1% vs 75,0%), and CHC (64,3% vs 92,9%) than in the respective control groups. There were no significant differences between the group with reactivation of herpesviruses infections without clinical manifestation and the group with manifest herpesviruses infections.

Conclusion: Significant impact of herpesviruses infections, including those without clinical manifestation, and HCH with minor symptoms and normal liver functions on one-year survival in patients with hematologic malignancies justifies wider use of antiviral therapy in patients requiring HSCT.
The use of bicyclol in the treatment of severe liver fibrosis: experimental rationale
Authors: Zhdanov K. V. , Saulevich A. V. , Kozlov K. V. , Zakharenko S. M. , Sukachev V. S. , Karev V. E. , Zakharkiv Yu. F. , Potekhin I. V. , Mukhtarov R. M. , Kasianenko K. V. , Karyakin S. S. , Chernenok M. G.
Published: January 2021

Aim. To evaluate the antifibrotic effect of bicyclol with promising clinical effects on diffuse parenchymal liver diseases.

Materials and methods: We have included 40 adult male Wistar rats (weight, 180 to 200g) with experimentally inducted toxic F3 stage liver fibrosis. Control group consisted of 16 rats that received standart chow, experimental group of 24 rats also received 30-day bicyclol supply. To evaluate the results we used histological, biochemical, molecular genetic and statistical methods.

Results. In experimental group interlobular fibrosis was maintained in 4,16% (p<0,001) of cases after the end of the therapy, stromal fibrosis of portal tracts was observed in 62,5% (p<0,001) of cases. Periportal fibrosis detection rate in experimental group was 66,7% (p<0,001). Rats from experimental group showed regression of liver fibrosis to F1- F2 stage in 16,6% (METAVIR) whereas control group had F3 stage liver fibrosis in 62,5% (p <0,05). Statistically significant increase in ALT activity and decreased total protein levels in control group were observed. No changes in gut microbiome profile in experimental animals were found.

Conclusion. Use of bicyclol led to pronounced suppression of liver fibrotic changes in laboratory animals and temporary decreased serum ALT level. Our study showed no link between therapeutic effects of the drug and gut microbiome status.