bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Schmidt hammer exposure-age dating of periglacial and glacial landforms in the Southern Swiss Alps based on R-value calibration using historical data
Authors: Scapozza Cristian , Del Siro Chantal , Lambiel Christophe , Ambrosi Christian
Published: November 2021

Abstract. As a contribution to the palaeoenvironmental history reconstruction of the Alpine periglacial domain, this study focuses on the Schmidt hammer exposure-age dating (SHD) of (peri-)glacial landforms using rebound-value (R-value) calibrations for 10 stations in the Scaradra glacier forefield (north-eastern part of the Ticino Canton, Lepontine Alps) and for 13 stations in the Splügenpass region (located between Switzerland and
Italy, Rhaetian Alps). Linear calibration based on the known age of several
moraines of the Scaradra glacier assessed by historical cartography allowed
the reconstruction of the glacier fluctuations around the end of the Little
Ice Age. Timing of deglaciation and of rock glacier development was defined
in the Splügenpass region using the calibration of exposure ages based
on two mule tracks built in 300 CE and 1250 CE, respectively. Discussion on R-value analysis and calibration improves the knowledge on the potential use of SHD for numerical-age dating in Alpine geomorphological studies.
DRYP 1.0: a parsimonious hydrological model of DRYland Partitioning of the water balance
Authors: Quichimbo E. Andrés , Singer Michael Bliss , Michaelides Katerina , Hobley Daniel E. J. , Rosolem Rafael , Cuthbert Mark O.
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Dryland regions are characterised by water scarcity and are facing
major challenges under climate change. One difficulty is anticipating how
rainfall will be partitioned into evaporative losses, groundwater, soil
moisture, and runoff (the water balance) in the future, which has important
implications for water resources and dryland ecosystems. However, in order
to effectively estimate the water balance, hydrological models in drylands
need to capture the key processes at the appropriate spatio-temporal scales.
These include spatially restricted and temporally brief rainfall, high
evaporation rates, transmission losses, and focused groundwater recharge.
Lack of available input and evaluation data and the high computational costs
of explicit representation of ephemeral surface–groundwater interactions
restrict the usefulness of most hydrological models in these environments.
Therefore, here we have developed a parsimonious distributed hydrological
model for DRYland Partitioning (DRYP). The DRYP model incorporates the key
processes of water partitioning in dryland regions with limited data
requirements, and we tested it in the data-rich Walnut Gulch Experimental
Watershed against measurements of streamflow, soil moisture, and
evapotranspiration. Overall, DRYP showed skill in quantifying the main
components of the dryland water balance including monthly observations of
streamflow (Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency, NSE, ∼ 0.7),
evapotranspiration (NSE > 0.6), and soil moisture (NSE ∼ 0.7). The model showed that evapotranspiration consumes > 90 % of the total precipitation input to the catchment and
that < 1 % leaves the catchment as streamflow. Greater than 90 % of the overland flow generated in the catchment is lost through
ephemeral channels as transmission losses. However, only ∼ 35 % of the total transmission losses percolate to the groundwater aquifer
as focused groundwater recharge, whereas the rest is lost to the atmosphere
as riparian evapotranspiration. Overall, DRYP is a modular, versatile, and
parsimonious Python-based model which can be used to anticipate and plan for
climatic and anthropogenic changes to water fluxes and storage in dryland
regions.
DINCAE 2: multivariate convolutional neural network with error estimates to reconstruct sea surface temperature satellite and altimetry observations
Authors: Barth Alexander , Alvera-Azcárate Aida , Troupin Charles , Beckers Jean-Marie
Published: November 2021

Abstract. DINCAE (Data INterpolating Convolutional Auto-Encoder) is a neural network to reconstruct missing data (e.g. obscured by clouds or gaps between tracks) in satellite data. Contrary to standard image reconstruction (in-painting) with neural networks, this application requires a method to handle missing data (or data with variable accuracy) already in the training phase. Instead of using a standard L2 (or L1) cost function, the neural network (U-Net type of network) is optimized by minimizing the negative log likelihood assuming a Gaussian distribution (characterized by a mean and a variance). As a consequence, the neural network also provides an expected error variance of the reconstructed field (per pixel and per time instance). In this updated version DINCAE 2.0, the code was rewritten in Julia and a new type of skip connection has been implemented which showed superior performance with respect to the previous version. The method has also been extended to handle multivariate data (an example will be shown with sea-surface temperature, chlorophyll concentration and wind fields). The improvement of this network is demonstrated in the Adriatic Sea. Convolutional networks work usually with gridded data as input. This is however a limitation for some data types used in oceanography and in Earth Sciences in general, where observations are often irregularly sampled. The first layer of the neural network and the cost function have been modified so that unstructured data can also be used as inputs to obtain gridded fields as output. To demonstrate this, the neural network is applied to along-track altimetry data in the Mediterranean Sea. Results from a 20-year reconstruction are presented and validated. Hyperparameters are determined using Bayesian optimization and minimizing the error relative to a development dataset.
Development of a deep neural network for predicting 6-hour average PM2.5 concentrations up to two subsequent days using various training data
Authors: Lee Jeong-Beom , Lee Jae-Bum , Koo Youn-Seo , Kwon Hee-Yong , Choi Min-Hyeok , Park Hyun-Ju , Lee Dae-Gyun
Published: November 2021

Abstract. This study aims to develop a deep neural network (DNN) model as an artificial neural network (ANN) for the prediction of 6-hour average fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations for a three-day period—the day of prediction (D+0), one day after prediction (D+1) and two days after prediction (D+2)—using observation data and forecast data obtained via numerical models. The performance of the DNN model was comparatively evaluated against that of the currently operational Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modelling system for air quality forecasting in South Korea. In addition, the effect on predictive performance of the DNN model on using different training data was analyzed. For the D+0 forecast, the DNN model performance was superior to that of the CMAQ model, and there was no significant dependence on the training data. For the D+1 and D+2 forecasts, the DNN model that used the observation and forecast data (DNN-ALL) outperformed the CMAQ model. The root-mean-squared error (RMSE) of DNN-ALL was lower than that of the CMAQ model by 2.2 μgm−3, and 3.0 μgm−3 for the D+1 and D+2 forecasts, respectively, because the overprediction of higher concentrations was curtailed. An IOA increase of 0.46 for D+1 prediction and 0.59 for the D+2 prediction was observed in case of the DNN-ALL model compared to the IOA of the DNN model that used only observation data (DNN-OBS). In additionally, An RMSE decrease of 7.2 μgm−3 for the D+1 prediction and 6.3 μgm−3 for the D+2 prediction was observed in case of the DNN-ALL model, compared to the RMSE of DNN-OBS, indicating that the inclusion of forecast data in the training data greatly affected the DNN model performance. Considering the prediction of the 6-hour average PM2.5 concentration, the 8.8 μgm−3 RMSE of the DNN-ALL model was 2.7 μgm−3 lower than that of the CMAQ model, indicating the superior prediction performance of the former. These results suggest that the DNN model could be utilized as a better-performing air quality forecasting model than the CMAQ, and that observation data plays an important role in determining the prediction performance of the DNN model for D+0 forecasting, while prediction data does the same for D+1 and D+2 forecasting. The use of the proposed DNN model as a forecasting model may result in a reduction in the economic losses caused by pollution-mitigation policies and aid better protection of public health.
Rainfall-induced shallow landslides and soil wetness: comparison of physically based and probabilistic predictions
Authors: Leonarduzzi Elena , McArdell Brian W. , Molnar Peter
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Landslides are an impacting natural hazard in alpine regions, calling for effective forecasting and warning systems. Here we compare two methods (physically based and probabilistic) for the prediction of shallow rainfall-induced landslides in an application to Switzerland, with a specific focus on the value of antecedent soil wetness. First, we show that landslide susceptibility predicted by the factor of safety in the infinite slope model is strongly dependent on soil data inputs, limiting the hydrologically active range where landslides can occur to only ∼20 % of the country with typical soil parameters and soil depth models, not accounting for uncertainty. Second, we find the soil saturation estimate provided by a conceptual hydrological model (PREVAH) to be more informative for landslide prediction than that estimated by the physically based coarse-resolution model (TerrSysMP), which we attribute to the lack of temporal variability and coarse spatial resolution in the latter. Nevertheless, combining the soil water state estimates in TerrSysMP with the infinite slope approach improves the separation between landslide triggering and non-triggering rainfall events. Third, we demonstrate the added value of antecedent soil saturation in combination with rainfall thresholds. We propose a sequential threshold approach, where events are first split into dry and wet antecedent conditions by an N d (day) antecedent soil saturation threshold, and then two different total rainfall–duration threshold curves are estimated. This, among all different approaches explored, is found to be the most successful for landslide prediction.
Urban search and rescue (USAR) simulation system: spatial strategies for agent task allocation under uncertain conditions
Authors: Hooshangi Navid , Alesheikh Ali Asghar , Panahi Mahdi , Lee Saro
Published: November 2021

Abstract. Task allocation under uncertain conditions is a key
problem for agents attempting to achieve harmony in disaster environments.
This paper presents an agent-based simulation to investigate task allocation
considering appropriate spatial strategies to manage uncertainty in urban
search and rescue (USAR) operations. The proposed method is based on the
contract net protocol (CNP) and implemented over five phases: ordering
existing tasks considering intrinsic interval uncertainty, finding a
coordinating agent, holding an auction, applying allocation strategies (four
strategies), and implementing and observing the real environment. Applying
allocation strategies is the main innovation of the method. The methodology
was evaluated in Tehran's District 1 for 6.6, 6.9, and 7.2 magnitude
earthquakes. The simulation began by calculating the numbers of injured
individuals, which were 28 856, 73 195, and 111 463 people for each
earthquake, respectively. Simulations were performed for each scenario for a
variety of rescuers (1000, 1500, and 2000 rescuers). In comparison with the
CNP, the standard duration of rescue operations with the proposed approach
exhibited at least 13 % improvement, with a maximal improvement of 21 %.
Interval uncertainty analysis and comparison of the proposed strategies
showed that increased uncertainty led to increased rescue time for the CNP
and strategies 1 to 4. The time increase was less with the uniform
distribution strategy (strategy 4) than with the other strategies. The
consideration of strategies in the task allocation process, especially
spatial strategies, facilitated both optimization and increased flexibility
of the allocation. It also improved conditions for fault tolerance and
agent-based cooperation stability in the USAR simulation system.
Rhetorics of Names and Naming
Authors: Scott Maggie
Published: November 2021

Rhetorics of Names and Naming. Edited By Star Medzerian Vanguri. New York & London: Routledge. 2016. Pp. xi + 224. $52.95 (Paperback), ISBN: 9781138599574; $190 (Hardback), ISBN: 9781138910638; $47.65 (E-book), ISBN: 9781315693347.
Clinical Assessment Of Bonding Agent v/s Fluoride Varnish In Dentinal Hypersensitivity
Authors: Ahmed Jamshed , Ali Syed Abrar , Jouhar Rizwan , Shah Haroon
Published: November 2021

Objective: To compare the mean reduction in pain scores between Bonding agent (GLUMA® Comfort® Bond+ Desensitizer, and Fluoride varnish. Methodology: The study was conducted at Operative Dentistry, Department at Altamash Institute of Dental Medicine, Karachi from July 2015 to August 2016. Total 152 patients were selected. Patients were randomly allocated into two groups A and B. Gluma comfort bond plus desensitizer® was applied to the patients in group A and Duraphet® was applied to the patients in group B. Initial assessment was done after the application of the above products and thermal test was performed. The outcomes were based on a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Re-Evaluation was done again after 30 days of treatment in terms of mean reduction in pain from baseline by applying thermal test on visual analogue scale. Results: The average age of the patients was 37.4 ±8.38 years. After 30 days, mean Visual Analog Scale was significantly low in Group A i.e. 2.95±0.0.86 as compared to Group B i.e. 4.01±0.79(p=0.0005). Significant more reduction in mean pain score was observed in Bonding agent (Gluma desensitizer) as compared to Fluoride varnish Duraphat. Conclusion: In our study we found that bonding agent ( Gluma Desensitizer) is more effective in treating Dentine Hypersensitivity compared to fluoride varnish (Duraphat desensitizer group).
Risk Factors Associated With Health And Wellness of Professional Automobile Drivers Of Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Faiz Samira , Qureshi Farhan Muhammad , Zahra Sehrish , Mumtaz Seema Nigah-e-
Published: November 2021

Objective: To identify the health status and well-being of the professional automobile drivers and associated risk factors that affect their health. Study Design and Setting: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 350 professional automobile drivers operating on local and long routes in Karachi, Pakistan Methodology: The study was done at various locations in the city of Karachi from September to November 2017. The subjects were asked for their personal health related complaints and medical illnesses. Further, this research also has the complimentary purpose to measure anxiety and depression among professional drivers. Anxiety was measured using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-2 Item Scale (GAD-2) and Patient Health Questionnaire2-Item Depression Module (PHQ- 2) was used to measure, depression. SPSS version 21.0 was used for data entry and its analysis. A written informed consent about the study was provided to the subjects with questionnaire. This study was approved by the Institutional/Ethical review board of Karachi Institute of Medical Sciences (KIMS). Results: Amongst the 350 participants 48% were long route and 52% were local route automobile drivers. The result indicate that professional automobile drivers were suffering from backache (56%), Joint pain (36%), Hypertension (44%), Diabetes Mellitus (21%), Anxiety (87%) and Depression (38%). Tobacco addiction was found in (94%) of total respondents. Conclusion: Health status of the professional drivers and their well-being was found unsatisfactory. Multiple factors such as working environment and sociodemographic factors are inevitably linked to their health status and wellbeing
Diagnosis Of Endometriosis In The Light Of Prevalent Theories
Authors: Azhar Arfa , Ali Rabiya , Raja Mohummad Hassan Raza , Baig Rozeena , Rehman Rehana
Published: November 2021

Endometriosis is a gynecological condition recognized by the existence of ectopic endometrial tissue outside the uterus. It is predominantly present in females of reproductive age group and is one of the main causes of infertility. Even with a predictable prevalence of 11% in females and considerable historical explanations adopted from the seventeenth century, the diagnosis of endometriosis still remains doubtful. The conventional concepts on histological basis of endometriosis are explained by a number of theories. Medical signs of endometriosis contain prolonged pelvic ache, dyspareunia, repeated menstrual discomfort and chronic pelvic pain which can severely affect the excellence of life and health of the patient. In this review we will discuss the prevalent theories for the diagnosis of endometriosis and suggestions to identify the condition well in time for better control and management
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACRYLATE-BASED DIPHILIC COPOLYMERS
Authors:   Kazakh National University named of Al-Farabi, Almat сity, Republic of Kazakhstan, Urkimbaeva P.I.
Published: November 2021

Радикальной сополимеризацией 2-гидроксиэтилакрилата (ГЭА) с метилакрилатом (МА) осуществлен синтез новых термочувствительных водорастворимых полимеров, изучены основные закономерности их образования. Методом ЯМР-спектроскопии определен состав сополимеров, рассчитаны константы сополимеризации. Установлено, что водные растворы сополимеров характеризуются нижней критической температурой растворения (НКТР), значения которой зависит от содержания МА в составе макроцепей. 2-гидроксиэтилакрилат - очень полезное сырье для химического синтеза, поскольку оно легко подвергается комбинированным реакциям с широким спектром органических и неорганических соединений, он является необходимым сырьем во многих случаях жизни человека. Поскольку 2-гидроксиэтилакрилат (2-ГЭА) используется в производстве твердых полимеров, дисперсий и растворов полимеров, качественные показатели в этой области также подробно описаны в статье. Существуют различные свидетельства того, что сырье 2-гидроксиэтилакрилат широко используется в промышленности в качестве покрытия из-за его высоких связывающих, пленкообразующих, адгезионных и герметизирующих свойств. Методами вискозиметрии и турбидиметрии изучено комплексообразование водорастворимых сополимеров ГЭА-МА с полиакриловой кислотой (ПАК) в водных растворах. Определены критические величины рН комплексообразования, показано с увеличением в составе сополимеров гидрофобных звеньев МА эффективность комплексообразования в системе неионный полимер-ПАК повышается.
DEVELOPMENT OF ROAD SURFACE BASED ON LOCAL RAW MATERIALS AND INDUSTRIAL WASTE
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Novosibirk city, Russia, Titov M. M. , Yerimbetov K.A. ,   Humanitarian and Technical Institute "Akmeshit", Kyzylordacity, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2021

A review of the literature on the use of thermal power plants (TPPs) in the production of asphalt concrete was conducted. The advantages and disadvantages of asphalt concrete coatings are analyzed. According to experts, the reason lies in the violation of construction technology. And, in principle, the topics of ensuring compliance with construction standards and legislative regulation are among the most relevant in the construction of roads in Kazakhstan.The features of the use of asphalt-resin-paraffin waste from oil fields and ash of the Kyzylorda thermal power plant as part of asphalt concrete in road construction are considered. The construction of the pavement with the use of asphalt concrete based on the composite binder system "Bitumen - asphalt concrete-tar-paraffin waste (ARPW) - TPP ash" has been developed. Due to the stratification of the concrete mixture, the cement milk will be separated from the coarse aggregate, so the upper layer, which experiences the main loads and impacts from the wheels of cars, turned out to be without the main coarse aggregate. This subsequently led to its rapid wear and the formation of a rut. Cement concrete coating with all the positive aspects described below and obvious, and here, too, there are disadvantages of these types of coating, it is not the inability to open traffic immediately after the completion of construction and the need for expansion joints. The author reveals not only the advantages of asphalt concrete coatings, but also the disadvantage of asphalt mixtures in practical use in highways.
PRELIMINARY TEST RESULTS GRAIN HARVESTER LOVOL GM-80
Authors:   National Academy of Sciences of Azerbaijan Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry, Republic of Azerbaijan, Mustafaev M.G. , Bekzhanov S.Zh. ,   Kyzylorda Universitynamed after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Duisembekov B.А. ,   LLC "Agropark Ontustik", Almaty city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Kultasоv B.Sh. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan, Sharypova N.Е. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2021

В Казахском научно-исследовательском институте рисоводства имени Ы.Жахаева на полях сахарного сорго и риса при прямом комбайнировании успешно прошли полевые испытания 2 единицы малогабаритных зерноуборочных комбайнов ЛОВОЛ GM-80. Эти комбайны в основном предназначены для небольших хозяйств, имеющих небольшие посевные площади, а также уборки труднодоступных участков. Комбайн LovolGM-80 – это комбайны новой конструкции, которые используются для уборки урожая, и изменяя некоторые специальные рабочие органы, могут убирать пшеницу, рис, рапс, сою и другие сельскохозяйственные культуры. Умный дисплей с 8 сенсорными экранами может легко отображать параметры рабочего состояния. На основании проведения предварительных испытаний ТОО «НИИ рисоводства им.И.Жахаева» рекомендует зерноуборочный комбайн ЛОВОЛ GM-80 в качестве прямого комбайнирования сахарного сорго, а также прямого комбайнирования риса в чеках, имеющие влажность почвы не более 16-18%, влажность зерна риса не более 14%, урожайность зерна риса не более 30 ц/га.Для дальнейшего изучения режимов работы зерноуборочного комбайна рекомендуется провести производственные испытания для диверсификационных культур (пшеница, ячмень, сафлор, соя и т.д.) рисового севооборота.
THE IMAGE OF ABYLAI KHAN IN KAZAKH POETRY
Authors:   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan, Zhanbershieva U. , Kudaibergenova K.T. ,   Kyzylorda University named after Korkyt Ata, Kyzylorda city, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: November 2021

Мақалада Абылай хан бейнесінің көркем әдебиетте сомдалуы қарастырылған. Қазақ әдебиеттану ғылымындағы Абылай хан, оның заманы жайлы тұжырымдар, ханға арналған толғаулар, дастандар, тарихи жырлар сараланып, анықталады. Абылай хан бейнесін жасаудағы ерекшеліктер ақын-жырауларға қатысты бірқатар дәйектерді келтіре отырып, хан образын ашудағы азаматтық ұстанымдары айқындалады. Сондай-ақ ғылыми тұрғыдан Абылай бейнесін жасаған шығармалар үш желіге бөлініп, ғалымдар пікірлері салыстырылады. Мақалада Абылай хан туралы қазақ ғылымында жазылған фундаментальды зерттеулерге сүйене отырып, авторлар өздерінің көзқарастарын нақты айтып өткен. Сонымен қатар Абылай хан бейнесі жасалған тарихи жырлар, мифтік жырлар, ғұмырнамалық жырларға қатысты көзқарастарға шолу жасалған. Ұрпаққа рухани нәр беретін хан тұлғасын жинақтық бейне етіп қарастырған. Хан бейнесі арқылы халқымыздың азаттық жолындағы күресі де назардан тыс қалмаған. Ұлт мақтанышы Абылай хан бейнесі шынайы ашылып, жан-жақты дәлелденіп, талданып көрсетілген.
CONSEQUENCES OF THE PANDEMA IN KAZAKHSTAN: ECONOMIC CONDITION AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES
Authors:   Kyzylorda University ", Shilmanova A.M. ,   Bolashak",   , Kyzylordacity, Republic of Kazakhstan, Zhaishylyk A.P.
Published: November 2021

Мақалада жаһанды жаулаған Covid-19 пандемиясы салдарынан пайда болған күрделі экономикалық жағдай баяндалған: кедейлердің жағдайы нашарлауы аясында байлардың табысының өсуі орын алу мүмкіндігі аталды. Экономиканың түрлі салаларындағықұрылымдық өзгерістер мазмұндалған. Сарапшылардың талдаулары келтірілген: көмірсутектер нарығындағы, ауыл шаруашылығындағы, құрылыс саласындағыахуал, халыққа көрсетілген қызметтер көлемі, тұтынушылық талап-тілектері сараланған.Мұнай бағасының Қазақстандағы өнеркәсіп өндірісіне әсері, Қазақстанның ЖІӨқалыптастыруға ауыл шаруашылығының қосқан үлесі, Құрылыс жұмыстары көлемінің өзгеру динамикасы, Халықтың қаржылай шығыстарының құрылымы келтірілген. «Қарапайым заттар экономикасы» және «Бизнестің жол картасы» бағдарламаларының маңыздылығы аталған. Жаңа әлемдік тәртіпті қалыптастыру жағдайында жүйелік реформаларға, Ұлт жоспары мен Бес институционалдық реформаға негізделген қуатты серпін қажеттігі аталып, экономикалық дамуға бағытталған стратегиялық мақсат нақтыланған.Қолайлы экономикалық жағдай қалыптасқан жағдайда Қазақстан дағдарысқа дейінгі деңгейге оралып, 2022 жылы қалыпты өсу траекториясына жететіні болжанған.Doing Business рейтингінде Қазақстанның позициясын жақсарту үшін жүйелі жұмыстар жүргізілу мүмкіндігі қарастырылған.
Perinatal Dönemde Yapay Zekâ Teknolojisinin Kullanımı
Authors: CİRBAN EKREM Ebru , DAŞIKAN Zeynep
Published: November 2021

Yapay zekâ bir makinenin insanların algılama, mantık yürütme, problem çözme ve karar verme gibi bilişsel işlevlerini taklit etme yeteneğidir. Yapay zekâ temelli uygulamalar ve cihazlar gündelik hayatta oldukça sık kullanılmaktadır. Multidisipliner bir alan olan yapay zekânın birçok sınıflaması vardır. Dijital tıbbın dönüşümünde odak nokta olarak görülen yapay zekâ çeşitlerinin sağlık alanında kullanılması ile hastalıkların tanı, tedavi, takip ve bakım aşamalarında önemli gelişmeler yaşanmıştır. Kadın sağlığı alanında ve perinatal dönemde oldukça sık kullanılan yapay zekâ teknolojisi, gebelikte hastalıkların taraması ve yönetimi, uzaktan gebelik takibi, gebelik ve farmakoloji, fetüs gelişimi, elektronik izleme, genetik tarama ve postpartum dönemde kullanılmış ve olumlu sonuçlar alınmıştır. Yapay zekâ teknolojisinin olumlu yönleri olduğu gibi bazı olumsuz yönleri ve etik ikilemleri de mevcuttur. Perinatal dönemdeki hastaların tanı, tedavi ve bakım aşamalarında aktif rol alan sağlık profesyonelleri, yapay zekâ teknolojisinin kullanımı konusunda henüz istenilen seviyede değildir. Bu derlemede, yapay zekâ teknolojisinin kadın sağlığı ve obstetride kullanımı, olumlu ve olumsuz yönleri, etik boyutu ve sağlık profesyonellerinin rolüne odaklanılmış ve yeni gelişen bu alanda farkındalık oluşturulmak amaçlanmıştır.
Prikaz//Review: Hikmet Karčić, Derviš M. Korkut: A Biography, El-Kalem i Institut za islamsku tradiciju Bošnjaka, Sarajevo 2020, 85 str.
Authors:   Sarajevo, Merzić Omer
Published: November 2021

Prikaz//Review: Hikmet Karčić, Derviš M. Korkut: A Biography, El-Kalem i Institut za islamsku tradiciju Bošnjaka, Sarajevo 2020, 85 str.
Izvještaj//Conference Report:Izvještaj sa Naučne konferencije Alimi Srebrenice i njihova uloga u duhovnom i društvenom životu Bošnjaka, Srebrenica, 6. juli 2021. godine
Authors:   Institute for Social and Religious Research in Tuzla, Šečić Emir
Published: November 2021

Izvještaj//Conference Report:Izvještaj sa Naučne konferencije Alimi Srebrenice i njihova uloga u duhovnom i društvenom životu Bošnjaka, Srebrenica, 6. juli 2021. godine
Study of Flow by Varying the Position of Maximum Chamber Thickness on Aerofoil
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Kakinada 533001, India, Chada Jithendra Sai Raja , Nathipam Ganesh ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Kakinada 533001, India, Akella Sri Ram Deepak ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Kakinada 533001, India, Anusuri Phani Bhaskar ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pragati Engineering College, Surampalem, Kakinada 533001, India
Published: November 2021

Aerofoil is a design with a curved exterior that gives the most commendable ratio of lift to drag. The aerofoil which allows for the flow at a margin range of angle has a more remarkable impact on the power spawning from the turbine. The conception and examination for the airfoil Structure have been implemented in the current work to raise the behavior of the flow with a commendatory condition by varying the position of maximum chamber thickness position thereby varying the angle of attack with 5 degrees interval from 0-25 degrees. The best model is studied with surface modifications to increase the flow separation and efficiency of lift.
Possibilities and limitations of antidepressant use to correct depressive and negative symptoms in schizophrenia
Authors: Novitsky M. A. , De Sousa A. , Asadullin A. R. , Gavrilyuk O. A. , Petrov A. V. , Nasyrova R. F.
Published: November 2021

The purpose of this review is to analyze approaches to the treatment of depressive and negative disorders in schizophrenia in terms of their level of efficacy and safety. Materials and Methods: A search was conducted for full-text articles published over the last 10 years in PubMed, Springer, Wiley Online Library, Taylor & Francis Online, APA PsycInfo, CORE, Science Direct, and eLIBRARY.RU databases. Several articles published previously to this period were also included into the review due to their high scientific value. Results: Our review suggests that antidepressants (ADs) are effective medications and they can be prescribed to correct depressive disorders and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia when used in combination with antipsychotics (АPs). However, when administering ADs and АPs combinations, it is important to consider the safety profile of these combinations as well as their tolerance. Negative symptoms of schizophrenia, including those induced by a number of АP, are less amenable to correction by АDs monotherapy, which requires a long period of АPs (on average - 8 weeks), which can be limited in the real life of the patient outside the hospital. Current approaches to the therapy of depressive disorders in patients suffering from schizophrenia vary from country to country. However, most of АDs used in clinical psychiatric practice are widely used in the comorbid state under consideration. Conclusion: The efficacy and safety of АDs of the different classes considered in this review depends on their mechanisms of action, duration of admission, type of АPs taken, and specific clinical situation (acute depressive disorder, major depressive episode, or chronic depressive episode). Most promising in clinical practice are serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and dual ADs. The use of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) is limited due to a higher risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs). The use of most selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) is limited due to the risk of aggravation of hallucinations (this risk being higher for patients with visual hallucinations, and lower for those with auditory hallucinations) and\or iatrogenic psychosis. These ADRs may probably occur in patients suffering from schizophrenia due to their ideal "poor metabolizer" pharmacogenetic profile, since most of the drugs considered in this review have hepatic metabolism.
Determination of Knowledge Levels of Nurses Working in the Emergency Department and Intensive Care Units about Evidence-Based Practices in the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Authors: ACUN DELEN Leman , DERYA Serdar , KAYHAN TETİK Burcu
Published: November 2021

Objective:The aim of this study was to determine the level of knowledge of nurses working in the Emergency Departments (ED)and Intensive Care Units (ICU)about evidence-based practices in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia(EBP-VAP).

Materials and Methods:This descriptive,two-center study was conducted on nurses working in the EDs and ICUs of two public hospitals in the city center of Malatya.A total of 199 nurses who worked in the ED or ICU for at least one year were included in the study,on voluntary basis.The data were collected by using “Personal Information Form” and the “Information on Evidence-Based Practices for the Prevention of Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Form”(EBP-VAP).

Results:The mean age of the nurses was 35.92±6.54,58.8% of them were females and 6.7% were undergraduates.The mean total VAP score of the nurses was found to be 4.76±1.57.It was determined that there was a weak positive correlation between the ages of the nurses,their years in the profession,years of working in the emergency room/intensive care unit, and their average total VAP scores (p
Durabilidad natural de la madera de Eucalyptus nitens (Deane & Maiden) Maiden)
Authors:   Instituto Forestal (Chile), Elgueta Patricio , Hernández Gonzalo , Campos Raul , Arriagada Irma
Published: November 2021

El presente estudio tiene como objetivo general determinar la durabilidad natural del duramen de Eucalipto nitens sometido a la acción de dos hongos xilófagos de pudrición blanca, evaluadas de acuerdo a las categorías establecidas por Findlay (1962) y la norma EN-350.
Construction frameworks in the public sector: Do they deliver what they promise?
Authors:   University of New South Wales, Lam Terence , Gale Keith ,   Hampshire County Council
Published: November 2021

We demonstrate that the use of Performance Frameworks for the procurement of construction projects by public sector organizations in the UK (specifically, in England) leads to significantly improved outcomes in terms of time, cost, quality, sustainability and closer relationships, than the traditional ‘open tender’ approach of procuring discrete projects, individually. We identify the factors that lead to such improvements. We label these: supplier’s task performance factors (project staff, execution approach, competence of firm and structure of firm); supplier’s contextual performance factors (trust and collaboration, culture and conscious behaviour); and client’s organisational factors (incentives, performance monitoring, procurement approach and communication). And we offer a performance improvement model that will help project managers to select the most appropriate suppliers at the procurement phase, to achieve successful project outcomes. The model can also be used to drive project performance further, by adopting client’s organisational factors during the procurement and construction phases. By applying the research conclusions, suppliers will be able to focus on communicating their strengths in the relevant aspects of task and contextual performance for technical tender proposals, and so increase the value of their services and the probabilities of winning work. And the analysis can be used by policy makers to help in drafting regulations and legislation on formal frameworks, in ways that will improve the delivery of policy objectives.
La granulomatosi eosinofilica con poliangioite: dalla pelle al cuore
Authors: Ravaglia Aldo ,   GdL ANTIBIOTICI PIEMONTE, Guala Andrea , Gnavi Roberto , Borraccino Alberto
Published: November 2021

Background - he variability in the prescription of antibiotics in the infant population registers changes that cannot always be explained by the associated morbidity alone. Italy, despite its decreasing trend, is still among those countries with the highest prescriptions and shows an important inter-regional variability. The Pharmaceutical Service of the Piedmont Region gave the start to a working group with the task of describing the prescriptive activities, evaluating any internal variability and proposing strategies for improvement. Aim - The aim of the work is to describe the results achieved in Piedmont in 2012-2018 with regard to the paediatric treatment. Materials and methods - Data on prescriptions in paediatrics, grouped for ATC, were obtained from the regional pharmaceutical prescription system. Prescriptive rates and treatment prevalence - children with at least one prescription during the year - were calculated for the total number of residents. Results - The overall rate was reduced from 931 to 689 prescriptions per thousand children. In the same period, the prevalence of prescriptions was also reduced from 45.5% to 34.8%. Non-associated amoxicillin accounted for less than 15% of prescriptions, while clavulanate amoxicillin was the most widely used antibiotic with the 45% of the prescriptions. The ratio of amoxicillin to clavulanate amoxicillin remained strongly negative over the entire period, although it slightly improved from 0.27 to 0.42. Conclusion - The proportion of treatments, though decreasing, is still far from those of other virtuous European nations. Amoxicillin, unlike what suggested by inter-national and national guidelines, is the least prescribed antibiotics with an excess in clavulanate amoxicillin prescriptions that is difficult to explain. According to recent AIFA reports, the observed differences seem to depend partly on the patient's family but mainly on the prescriptive behaviours. Therefore, the professionals involved should compare prescribing practices to further improve prescriptive appropriateness.
Carica papaya Leaf Extract modulates mRNA expression of Aquaporins in Mouse Model of Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Inam Asma , Sair Muhammad , Ikram Sadia , Majeed Sadia , Nazish Gul-E- , Imran Ashraf Muhammad , Zahid Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Background: Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting smaller airways. Airflow obstruction leading to airway hyper-responsiveness and increased mucus production are salient features of asthma pathophysiology. Generally, Th2 cytokines are increased in allergic asthma. Aim: To propose the molecular mechanisms by which Carica Papaya Leaves Extract (CPLE) alleviates pulmonary edema in animal model of allergic airway inflammation comparable to methylprednisolone. Place and duration of study: Pharmacology Department, University of Health Sciences Lahore for 1 year. Methods: We took twenty four male BALB/c mice and divided them equally into four groups. The control group was given PBS only, while Group II served as diseased group and induced airway inflammation by ovalbumin. Group III and IV were first induced with airway inflammation and side by side treated with Carica papaya leaf extract (CPLE) 100mg/kg body weight orally and methylprednisolone 15 mg/kg body weight intraperitoneally for seven consecutive days respectively. At the end of the experimental protocol, mice were euthanized and lung wet/dry ratio was measured. mRNA expression of AQP1 and AQP5 in lung tissue were also determined using RT-PCR. Results: Ethanolic extract of Carica Papaya leaves decreased all markers of pulmonary edema in mouse model of allergic airway inflammation comparable to methylprednisolone by decreasing lung wet/dry ratio and enhancing AQP1 and AQP5 mRNA expression. Conclusion: Carica Papaya leaves extract may diminish pulmonary edema in mice associated with allergic asthma. Keywords: AQP1, AQP5 (Aquaporins), Carica Papaya Leaves Extract (CPLE), Pulmonary Edema, Th2 cytokines.
Immediate Outcomes of Balloon Angioplasty for Coarctation of the Aorta in infants and children
Authors: Kazmi Tehmina , Kazmi Uzma , S. Shah S. Salman , Najam Hyder Syed , Maisam Ali Muhammad , Asaf Saedah , Sadiq Masood
Published: November 2021

Background: Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is one amongst commonest congenital heart diseases (CHD) which reuires early intervention to avoid morbidity and mortality. Balloon angioplasty (BA) can be offered in place of surgery in selected cases. Aim: To evaluate the safety of procedure and efficacy of catheter intervention balloon angioplasty for CoA as an alternative to surgery and to identify the factors related with poor outcome of the intervention in infants and children Methods: The study was a retrospective observational cohort study of 46 infants and children undergoing BAS during a six-year period (Jan 2014 to May 2020). Demographic detail history and investigation including echo and ECG were collected for all the patients. Immediate pre and post procedure complications were noted. Results: Forty six (46) children and infant patients , underwent balloon angioplasty 29 were male and 17 were female. Patients were divided into two groups. Group A included patient with successful outcome and group B included those with suboptimal results. Characteristics of both groups we studied. In group A the median age was 6.3 years and median weight was 15 kg whereas in group B median age was 3.5 years and median weight was 9 kg. Forty patients had native CoA (86.9%) while six patients were post op (13%). There was no mortality. One patient had a small aneurysmal formation (3%). Four patients had a transitive loss of pulse. Thirty-four patients had a successful outcome (73.9%) while twelve patients had a suboptimal result (26%). Conclusion: Coarctation angioplasty has good early outcome and it can be considered as a sustainable alternative to surgery in critical infants and children patients high risk of mortality with surgery. wise selection of patients, use of improved low-profile catheters and better patient care can reduce the complications and incidence of mortality. Keywords: Coarctation, Balloon angioplasty
Impact of Maternal age and Parity on Exclusive Breast Feeding Practices
Authors: Bilal Safdar Muhammad , Naveed Muhammad , Razzaq Mujahid , Ejaz Mahwish , Tahir Anum , Waheed Rathore Ahsan
Published: November 2021

Aim: To determine the impact of maternal age and parity on incidence of exclusive breast feeding practices in infants. Study Design: Cross sectional study Place and duration of study: Department of Pediatric medicine, University of Lahore Teaching Hospital Lahore from December 2020 till May 2021 Methodology: A Total of 231 mothers who were having children up till 1 year of age were registered for the study after ethical clearance. Verbal consent was taken from the mothers. Demographic details of the study population were recorded. The study population was interviewed with the help of predesigned questionnaire which included maternal age, parity and feeding practices. Confidentiality of data was ensured. All data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 23. Quantitative variables are presented as mean and standard deviation. Results: The study participants were between age range of 19 years to 37 years. Out of 231 mothers 145(62.8%) breastfed their babies of which 96(41.6%) were exclusively breastfeeding and 49 were either giving formula milk 28(4.8%) or fresh milk 11(4.8%). In addition, 86(37.2%) did not breastfed at all. There was no statistical difference in pattern of breast feeding with maternal age and parity, p-value more than 0.05 Conclusion: Importance of breastfeeding should be emphasized in antenatal and postnatal visits to mothers regardless of their age and parity Keywords: Breastfeeding, Maternal age, Parity
Association of Location of Cyst with the family history and Mutated Gene among patients of Myelomeningocele
Authors: Fatima Urooj , Gul Sabahat , Ishaq Imran , Mukhtar Sahrish , Quddus Iram , Hussain Mehdi Syed
Published: November 2021

Aim: To determine association of location of cyst with the family history and mutated gene among patients of myelomeningocele. Methodology: This cross sectional study consists of fifty diagnosed cases of myelomeningocele and ten healthy individuals taken as controls. The cases were collected from Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center (JPMC) for a period of six months. The research was conducted in Dow Diagnostic and Research Laboratory (DDRL) (DUHS). Majority of the patients included in the study were neonates. Patients were examined for the presence and site of the cyst. Family history of the patients was also recorded. After taken informed consent from the patient’s attendants, blood was drawn by a trained phlebotomist. DNA was extracted from whole blood followed by PCR amplification of VANGL1 gene. Results: We found that among fifty individuals five patients showed mutation in VANGL1 gene. Mutation was absent entirely from the controls. The cyst was mostly (92%) present in the lumbar region. Only 2% patients showed positive family history. The association between site of the cyst and family history was statistically significant. Conclusion: It is concluded that all mutation of VANGL1 gene was present at lumbar region.There was a strong relation between location of cyst and family history. Keywords: Myelomeningocele, cyst, VANGL1 gene, PCR, mutation.
Morbidity patterns and provision of workplace safety among industrial workers
Authors: Mahwish Rabiah , Atif Gul Muhammad , Qibtia Maria , Aslam Bajwa Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Background: Occupational injuries are among the ten most common reasons of illness and death. In Pakistan, the circumstances are very grave like many other developing countries. So, it was inevitable to carry a study among industrial workers. Aims: To determine the morbidity patterns, socio-demographic determinants and to provide safe workplace environment to the industrial patients admitted in the Social Security Hospital, Lahore. Method: Cross sectional survey among industrial workers was conducted at Social Security hospital, Lahore. Total size of the sample was 385 which was distributed equivalently among all the indoor units of hospital. A structured questionnaire was administered, and data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. For quantitative variables like age, mean and standard deviation and for qualitative variables frequency and percentage was calculated. Chi square was applied among qualitative variables. Data was presented in the form of tables and bar graphs. Results: Mean +/- SD age was 32 +/- 7.5 years: 118(30%) of the sample was between 26-30 years. Majority of the patients, 366(95%), were men and 258(67%) were married. Majority of the sample, 158(41%), were illiterate. 318(83%) of the sampled patients were workers/laborers, 25(7%) had administrative duties, 17(4%) were working in office and 13(4%) skillful laborers. The incidence of injuries and accidents was remarkably high among the laborers 96(25%) followed by Gastroenteritis 50(13%), fever 50(13%) and cough & respiratory tract infections 38(10%). 298(77%) stated that most of these incidences were not reported at their workplace, 309(80%) were not using any personal protective equipment. Conclusion: Majority of the industrial patients were admitted due to accidents and injuries at their workplaces. Majority of them were young adults, married males. Unskilled labor was largely uneducated. Safety practices at workplace of the respondents were very poor. Keywords: morbidity patterns, industrial workers, social security hospital, personal protective equipment.
Frequency of Pre-Eclampsia Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Rasool Bilal , Akbar Hina , Muhammad Anees , Riaz Malik Muzammil
Published: November 2021

Aim: To determine the frequency of preeclampsia induced acute kidney injury in patients presenting in a tertiary care hospital. Study design: Cross sectional study. Study setting: Department of Nephrology, KEMU/Mayo Hospital Gynecology, Lady Atchison Hospital Lahore, Methodology: All 180 pregnant females having acute kidney injury as per operational definition between 15 years to 50 years presenting in 3rd trimester of pregnancy for delivery were included in study after taking informed consent. Pregnant females with Blood Pressure >140/90mmHg after 20 weeks of pregnancy and laboratory investigation i.e. proteinuria were recorded. All investigations were done from laboratory of KEMU /Mayo hospital Lahore. After the diagnosis was made, the patients were treated according to the guidelines in hospital setting. Results: In this study, out of 180 cases, 118(65.56%) were between 15-32 years of age whereas 62(34.44%) were between 33-55 years of age, mean±SD was calculated as 30.21±5.35 years, mean blood pressure of the patients was recorded as 154.27±108.15mmHg, mean serum creatinine of the patients was calculated as 4.39±0.28 mg/dl, frequency of urinary protein was recorded as 62(62.22%) while 68(37.78%) patients had no proteinuria, frequency of preeclampsia induced AKI in pregnancy was recorded in 47(26.11%). Conclusion: Frequency of preeclampsia induces acute kidney injury is very high and it must be diagnosed and treated appropriately in time to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity. Keywords: Pre-eclampsia, acute kidney injury, frequency