bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges Faced in the Surgical Fixation of a 4 Part Inter-Trochanteric Fracture in a Patient with Ipsilateral Below Knee Amputation and Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Kamothe, Navi-Mumbai- 410209, Maharashtra, India., Velankar Ameya Haritosh , Singh Sanjeev ,   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Kamothe, Navi-Mumbai- 410209, Maharashtra, India., Ghodke Ashok ,   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Kamothe, Navi-Mumbai- 410209, Maharashtra, India., Jain Deepak ,   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Kamothe, Navi-Mumbai- 410209, Maharashtra, India., More Aditya ,   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Kamothe, Navi-Mumbai- 410209, Maharashtra, India., Singh Kriteya ,   Department of Orthopaedics, MGM Institute of Health Sciences, Kamothe, Navi-Mumbai- 410209, Maharashtra, India.
Published: January 2024

Operative treatment of hip fractures in a patient with below-knee amputation on the same extremity poses a great challenge in terms of obtaining an optimal amount of traction for fracture reduction. The absence of the foot and the distal lower limb which makes the positioning difficult and other medical co-morbidities contribute to the same. We present a case report of a 66-year-old man with ipsilateral below-knee amputation who underwent surgical fixation of a comminuted 4-part right intertrochanteric femur fracture. We discuss the pros and cons of various methods and highlight a simple and effective technique of reverse boot traction for fracture reduction. Keywords: Inter trochanteric fracture, 4-part fracture, amputation, diabetes mellitus, reverse boot.
Kirschner Wires and Bone Allograft Salvage Finger Motion in Pathologic Fracture of Middle Phalanx Enchondroma: A Case Report
Authors:   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee., Dallas Jamie N , Marchessault Jeffrey A ,   Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, James H. Quillen College of Medicine, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee.
Published: January 2024

Introduction: Pathologic phalangeal fracture is a common initial presentation of solitary enchondroma of the finger. Enchondromas of the middle phalanx are most frequently associated with post-operative range of motion deficits. This report describes a case in which the use of Kirschner wires (K-wires) and allograft bone were used to salvage finger motion following surgical fixation of pathologic fracture of a middle phalanx enchondroma with extensor tendon injury. Case Report: A 37-year-old right hand dominant woman presents with pathologic fracture of the left index finger middle phalanx. The patient elected for surgical intervention to stabilize fracture and enable early motion at the proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP). Surgical fixation involved tumor curettage, fracture stabilization and length preservation with longitudinal K-wires, allograft bone with hardening properties to fill the bony defect, and dorsal K-wires for securing the extensor tendon. At follow-up 11 months postoperatively, the allograft had almost completely resolved, and the patient had regained PIP flexion of 90° and full extension. Conclusion: Pathologic fracture of middle phalanx enchondroma is prone to complication by extensor tendon injury and associated post-operative loss of motion. Bone grafting and Kirschner wire fixation allowed for early mobilization of finger motion and thus may be a useful technique for use in treatment of other pathologic fractures. Keywords: Enchondroma, pathologic fracture, Boutonnière deformity.
Optimizing Orthopedic Outcomes in Complex Bilateral Talus Fracture-dislocations with Medial Malleolus Injuries: A Comparative Analysis of Surgical Approaches and Long-term Results
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospital, Gohil Kushal , Gawhale Sangeet ,   Department of Orthopedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospital, Ghag Niranjan Sunil ,   Department of Orthopedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospital, Chavan Karthik Subhas ,   Department of Orthopedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospital, Surjuse Abhay Sudam ,   Department of Orthopedics, Grant Government Medical College and Sir JJ Group of Hospital
Published: January 2024

IntroductionBilateral talar fracture dislocations with concomitant medial malleolus fractures are rare and present complex challenges. Case Report: We present a case study of a 30-year-old male painter who sustained these injuries following a significant fall. The surgical intervention included open reduction and internal fixation with a cannulated cancellous screw on one side and percutaneous fixation after closed reduction on the other. Conclusion: The patient’s 3-year follow-up revealed excellent ankle function and minimal avascular necrosis changes, demonstrating the importance of well-planned delayed therapy over hasty acute procedures. Remarkably, both approaches yielded comparable and favorable outcomes, emphasizing the importance of surgical planning, soft-tissue management, and the choice of surgical approach in optimizing outcomes. Keywords: Bilateral talus fracture-dislocation, comparative analysis, open reduction, and internal fixation versus percutaneous fixation.
Continuously variable Fourier filters fabricated using varying angle glancing angle deposition for chip-scale spectroscopy
Authors: Lawandi Roseanna G. , Bolatbek Zhanibek , Agha Imad , Hirakawa Keigo , Sarangan Andrew M.
Published: January 2024

Low-cost spectroscopy has received a great deal of attention in recent years in applications such as food inspection, disease detection, and manufacturing. Current spectroscopic systems rely on multiple optical components, making them mechanically fragile systems. In our previous work, we demonstrated the use of Fourier filtering using thin dielectric films. The sampling effect from the cavity resonances can be used to decompose a signal into its Fourier components. Although the thin films were deposited directly on the face of the detectors, filters of varying thicknesses were needed, which required multiple lithographic processes. To overcome this challenge, in this work, we use a continuously variable filters deposited by a single-step electron-beam evaporation technique. We demonstrate a novel, to our knowledge, method that utilizes the glancing angle deposition technique with a continuously varying angle in order to produce tens of variable Fourier filters in a single deposition run. To prove this technique, we deposit this variable filter on a 38-channel linear detector and show the results from this device.
Cascaded dual-channel broadband SPR fiber optic sensor based on Ag and Ag/ZnO/PDMS film structure
Authors: Yin Zhiyong , Jing Xili , Li Kaifeng , Zhang Zhibing , Hu Linchuan
Published: January 2024

In order to broaden the sensing bandwidth of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors, we propose and demonstrate a dual-channel SPR fiber optic sensor with wide bandwidth. The sensor is fabricated using no-core fiber (NCF), in which the film consists of a silver film and a ZnO film. The sensing characteristics are investigated by simulation and experiment. The resonance wavelength range of the SPR sensor can be significantly tuned by varying the thickness of the ZnO film. In the experiments, a dual-channel SPR sensor that can be used for simultaneous detection of temperature and refractive index was realized by cascading ZnO/Ag film with Ag film. The experimental results show that the two sensing channels are independent without crosstalk. The sensitivity of this sensor is 3512 nm/RIU in the range of 1.333 ∼ 1.385 and 4.6 nm/°C in the range of 0 ∼ 60 °C, which is better than most of the current dual-channel SPR sensors. In addition, the experimental results show that this sensor has good stability in use. The sensor proposed in this work has the advantages of a wide operating wavelength range, simple and compact structure, and high sensitivity. It has a broad application prospect in the simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature of liquids.
Digitale Kompetenzen als notwendige Voraussetzung der Digitalen Transformation
Authors: Leyh Christian , Schäffer Thomas
Published: January 2024

In diesem einleitenden Artikel zum Schwerpunktheft „Digitale Kompetenzen“ wird die entscheidende Bedeutung dieser Kompetenzen für die erfolgreiche Digitale Transformation vor allem für klein- und mittelständische Unternehmen (KMU) beleuchtet. Angesichts der rapiden Entwicklungen in der Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologie und deren weitreichenden Auswirkungen auf Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft konzentriert sich der Artikel auf ein wesentliches Anliegen: die Identifizierung und Klassifizierung von essenziellen Digitalen Kompetenzen für Unternehmen und auch öffentliche Verwaltungen.

Der Artikel bietet durch die Analyse verschiedener Definitionen und Rahmenwerke ein vertieftes Verständnis dieser Schlüsselkompetenzen. Dabei werden aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse herangezogen, die die Wichtigkeit der Integration Digitaler Kompetenzen in die Unternehmensstrategie hervorheben. Ein spezieller Fokus liegt auf der Entwicklung eines Klassifizierungsschemas für Digitale Kompetenzen, das gezielt auf die Rahmenbedingungen von KMU zugeschnitten ist.

Dieser Artikel leistet somit einen wichtigen Beitrag zum Verständnis der Rolle Digitaler Kompetenzen in der Digitalen Transformation von Unternehmen und öffentlichen Verwaltungen.
Modeling the global impact of reducing out-of-pocket costs for children’s surgical care
Authors: Smith Emily R. , Espinoza Pamela , Metcalf Madeline , Ogbuoji Osondu , Cotache-Condor Cesia , Rice Henry E. , Shrime Mark G.
Published: January 2024

Over 1.7 billion children lack access to surgical care, mostly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with substantial risks of catastrophic health expenditures (CHE) and impoverishment. Increasing interest in reducing out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures as a tool to reduce the rate of poverty is growing. However, the impact of reducing OOP expenditures on CHE remains poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to estimate the global impact of reducing OOP expenditures for pediatric surgical care on the risk of CHE within and between countries. Our goal was to estimate the impact of reducing OOP expenditures for surgical care in children for 149 countries by modeling the risk of CHE under various scale-up scenarios using publicly available World Bank data. Scenarios included reducing OOP expenditures from baseline levels to paying 70%, 50%, 30%, and 10% of OOP expenditures. We also compared the impact of these reductions across income quintiles (poorest, poor, middle, rich, richest) and differences by country income level (low-income, lower-middle-income, upper-middle-income, and high-income countries).Reducing OOP expenditures benefited people from all countries and income quintiles, although the benefits were not equal. The risk of CHE due to a surgical procedure for children was highest in low-income countries. An unexpected observation was that upper-middle income countries were at higher risk for CHE than LMICs. The most vulnerable regions were Africa and Latin America. Across all countries, the poorest quintile had the greatest risk for CHE. Increasing interest in financial protection programs to reduce OOP expenditures is growing in many areas of global health. Reducing OOP expenditures benefited people from all countries and income quintiles, although the benefits were not equal across countries, wealth groups, or even by wealth groups within countries. Understanding these complexities is critical to develop appropriate policies to minimize the risks of poverty.
Factors associated with memory of informal caregivers: A scoping review protocol
Authors: Wang Dingyue , Rushton Sharron , Ledbetter Leila , Graton Margaret , Ramos Kimberly , Hendrix Cristina C.
Published: January 2024

The ability to retain and remember information (memory) is essential to caregiving tasks. There is evidence that caregivers are at greater risk for experiencing deteriorations in cognitive status than non-caregivers, especially memory; however, we have a limited understanding of factors that are related to changes in caregiver memory. This scoping review intends to comprehensively map factors related to caregiver memory reported in the literature within the chronic caregiving context. Specific aims include (1) identifying factors related to caregiver memory; (2) examining how caregiver memory has been measured; and (3) describing changes in caregiver memory during their caregiving period. This review will be conducted following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and reported using the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Studies will be included if (1) the studies focus on home-based unpaid long term family caregiving; (2) study participants (patients), of any age, have one (or more) chronic illness or disability and receive care from a caregiver for 6 months or more; (3) caregivers are adults (> = 18 years of age). Any chronic disease or condition will be included. The search will encompass gray literature and peer-reviewed literature in MEDLINE (via Ovid), CINAHL Plus with Full Text (via EBSCOhost), Embase (via Elsevier), APA PsycINFO (via EBSCOhost), Sociology Source Ultimate (via EBSCOhost), and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Data extraction will include specific details about the participants, concept, context, study methods, and key caregiver-related findings. The Caregiver Health Model will provide a framework to categorize factors that impact caregivers’ memory including caregiver health promotion activities, caregiver attitudes and beliefs, caregiver task, and caregiver needs. Factors that do not fall into the Caregiver Health Model domains will be organized by emerging themes.
Effect of distance education courses held in different environments on emotions of the instructor
Authors: Tonguç Güray
Published: January 2024

In this study, the emotional states of the instructors who teach by distance education and the effect of the environment in which they give the lesson on their emotions were examined. Computer-aided "Facial Action Coding System" method was used to measure emotion values from facial images. Through the software developed by the researchers using the Microsoft Face Recognition API, 43292 facial images taken from five trainers during their training were analysed and seven basic emotions representing facial expressions were obtained numerically. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the emotions of the instructors that can be described as negative in the lessons held in the e-studio environment generally increased at the beginning of the lesson, decreased in the following minutes and increased again at the end of the lesson; On the other hand, it was determined that positive emotions decreased at the beginning of the lesson and increased later. In the home environment, while the emotions that can be described as negative at the beginning decreased, positive emotions increased. A significant difference was determined between home and e-studio environment in all emotions except anger. One of the emotions with a difference in value between the two environments is happiness, and it has been determined that happiness has higher values in the home environment. It has been determined that other emotions are experienced more in the e-studio environment. It is thought that the results of the study will contribute to the mental states of the instructors who teach through distance education and to the efficiency of distance education.
Optimal controller design for reactor core power stabilization in a pressurized water reactor: Applications of gold rush algorithm
Authors: Abdelfattah H , Esmail M , kotb Said A. , Mahmoud Mohamed Metwally , Hussein Hany S. , Mbadjoun Wapet Daniel Eutyche , Omar Ahmed I. , Ewais Ahmed M.
Published: January 2024

Nuclear energy (NE) is seen as a reliable choice for ensuring the security of the world’s energy supply, and it has only lately begun to be advocated as a strategy for reducing climate change in order to meet low-carbon energy transition goals. To achieve flexible operation across a wide operating range when it participates in peak regulation in the power systems, the pressurised water reactor (PWR) NE systems must overcome the nonlinearity problem induced by the substantial variation. In light of this viewpoint, the objective of this work is to evaluate the reactor core (main component) of the NE system via different recent optimization techniques. The PWR, which is the most common form, is the reactor under investigation. For controlling the movement of control rods that correspond with reactivity for power regulation the PWR, PID controller is employed. This study presents a dynamic model of the PWR, which includes the reactor core, the upper and lower plenums, and the piping that connects the reactor core to the steam alternator is analyzed and investigated. The PWR dynamic model is controlled by a PID controller optimized by the gold rush optimizer (GRO) built on the integration of the time-weighted square error performance indicator. Additionally, to exhibit the efficacy of the presented GRO, the dragonfly approach, Arithmetic algorithm, and planet optimization algorithm are used to adjust the PID controller parameters. Furthermore, a comparison among the optimized PID gains with the applied algorithms shows great accuracy, efficacy, and effectiveness of the proposed GRO. MATLAB\ Simulink program is used to model and simulate the system components and the applied algorithms. The simulation findings demonstrate that the suggested optimized PID control strategy has superior efficiency and resilience in terms of less overshoot and settling time.
Origins of the central Macaronesian psyllid lineages (Hemiptera; Psylloidea) with characterization of a new island radiation on endemic Convolvulus floridus (Convolvulaceae) in the Canary Islands
Authors: Bastin Saskia , Reyes-Betancort J. Alfredo , Siverio de la Rosa Felipe , Percy Diana M.
Published: January 2024

A molecular survey of native and adventive psyllids in the central Macaronesian islands provides the first comprehensive phylogenetic assessment of the origins of the psyllid fauna of the Canary and Madeira archipelagos. We employ a maximum likelihood backbone constraint analysis to place the central Macaronesian taxa within the Psylloidea mitogenome phylogeny. The native psyllid fauna in these central Macaronesian islands results from an estimated 26 independent colonization events. Island host plants are predicted by host plants of continental relatives in nearly all cases and six plant genera have been colonized multiple times (Chamaecytisus, Convolvulus, Olea, Pistacia, Rhamnus, and Spartocytisus) from the continent. Post-colonization diversification varies from no further cladogenesis (18 events, represented by a single native taxon) to modest in situ diversification resulting in two to four native taxa and, surprisingly, given the diverse range of islands and habitats, only one substantial species radiation with more than four native species. Specificity to ancestral host plant genera or family is typically maintained during in situ diversification both within and among islands. Characterization of a recently discovered island radiation consisting of four species on Convolvulus floridus in the Canary Islands shows patterns and rates of diversification that reflect island topographic complexity and geological dynamism. Although modest in species diversity, this radiation is atypical in diversification on a single host plant species, but typical in the primary role of allopatry in the diversification process.
Presence of keel bone damage in laying hens, pullets and roosters of local chicken breeds
Authors: Jung Lisa , Hillemacher Sonja , Tiemann Inga , Lepke Mascha , Hinrichs Dirk
Published: January 2024

In commercial laying hens, keel bone damage (KBD) is a severe health and welfare problem leading to pain, reduced mobility and decreased laying performance. Flocks of all production systems and hybrid lines can be affected. KBD is a multifactorial welfare issue and, among other factors, associated with a high laying performance which negatively affects the calcium deposit in the medullary bones. Therefore, mature hens of local breeds with much lower egg production than commercial hybrids may be expected to show less or even no keel bone damage. This study evaluates (i) the prevalence of KBD in local breeds, (ii) the difference in type and level of damages, and (iii) if roosters and pullets are also affected. In total, we palpated 343 mature hens, 40 pullets, and 18 roosters of 13 different local breeds and one commercial hybrid. The animals were kept on eight different farms in free-range or floor-housing systems. Our results showed that on average 44.2% of mature hens per local breed were affected by KBD (range: 11.1%-84.7%). We found deviation of less than 1 cm in 26.9%, deviations of more than 1 cm in 6.4% and palpable fractures in 23.8% of the mature hens of local breeds. The tip was damaged in 23.6% of the mature hens. Also, pullets and roosters were affected by KBD. Finally, we found that KBD also occurs in local breeds. Therefore, we conclude that even the low laying performance of local breeds does not prevent them from the occurrence of KBD.KBD in local breeds may rather be associated with genetics (breed) as well as management and housing. Thus, breeders of local breeds should include bone health as a selection trait. Owners of local breeds should also pay attention to the condition of the keel and ought to be trained about preventive measures.
Population genetic structure of Indoplanorbis exustus (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) in Thailand and its infection with trematode cercariae
Authors: Dumidae Abdulhakam , Subkrasae Chanakan , Ardpairin Jiranun , Pansri Supawan , Polseela Raxsina , Thanwisai Aunchalee , Vitta Apichat
Published: January 2024

Indoplanorbis exustus is a freshwater gastropod belonging to the family Planorbidae. This snail is widely distributed across the tropics and plays an important role as the intermediate host for trematodes. However, relatively little is understood regarding the genetic relationship between I. exustus and trematodes. The goals of this study were to investigate the current transmission status of trematode cercariae in I. exustus in Thailand and to examine the genetic diversity, genetic structure, and demographic history of I. exustus. We collected 575 I. exustus from 21 provinces across six regions of Thailand and investigated cercarial infections by using the shedding method. I. exustus from two provinces were infected with cercarial trematodes, and two types of cercarial stages were molecularly identified as furcocercous cercaria and xiphidiocercariae. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on 28S rDNA and ITS2 sequences demonstrated that furcocercous cercaria and xiphidiocercariae were closely clustered with a clade of Euclinostomum sp. and Xiphidiocercariae sp., respectively. Phylogenetic and network analyses of I. exustus haplotypes based on the COI, 16S rDNA, and ITS1 genes demonstrated four main clades. Only snails in clade A were distributed in all regions of Thailand and harbored trematode cercariae. The level of genetic diversity of I. exustus was relatively high, but most populations were not genetically different, thus suggesting the appearance of gene flow within the I. exustus populations. Overall, the haplotype network was star-shaped, thus suggesting the recent demographic expansion of populations. This result was also supported by the unimodal mode of the mismatch distribution graph and the large negative values of the neutrality tests. Therefore, the I. exustus snail was likely another freshwater snail of the invasive species in Thailand. This information will aid in monitoring the spread of the parasitic trematodes carried by I. exustus from different populations.
Avaliação de qualidade fisiológica de sementes de algodão através do teste de condutividade elétrica
Authors: Queiroz Emyle da Silva Santos , Oliveira Leandra Brito de , Carvalho Lucas Barbosa Ribeiro de , Carvalho Leticia Zorilda Sousa Ribeiro de , Silva Ana Angélica Santos
Published: January 2024

Os testes rápidos de vigor, que são capazes de produzir informações consistentes, envolve, geralmente processos fisiológicos da deterioração, como é o caso do teste de condutividade elétrica, que tem se mostrado eficiente na estimativa do vigor. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de quatro diferentes cultivares de algodão (Gossypium hirsutum L.), através do teste de condutividade elétrica. Utilizou-se 75 sementes, com três repetições de 25 sementes para cada cultivar, com seis períodos de embebição – 2, 6, 10, 18, 20 e 24 h - e mantidas em BOD na temperatura de 34º C. Para o teste de caracterização fisiológica das cultivares foi realizado a semeadura com três repetições de 25 sementes para cada cultivar, a uma profundidade de ± 3 cm. O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado (DIC), com três repetições de 25 sementes por cultivar. Os resultados demonstraram qualidade fisiológica diferente entre as cultivares testadas, com maior exatidão no teste de condutividade elétrica que os testes comuns de caracterização fisiológica de sementes. A cultivar ‘FM 910’ obteve os melhores resultados para o teste de condutividade elétrica, apesar de não ter tido uma porcentagem boa de plântulas normais, devido à baixa emergência das plântulas ao decorrer dos 15 dias após semeadura. Na seleção de lotes com alto vigor, a cultivar ‘DP 1746B2RF’ seria a escolhida, por apresentar baixo valor de lixiviados, bons resultados de IVE e PC, apresentando também alta porcentagem de plântulas normais, e baixa porcentagem de plântulas anormais. As cultivares ‘IMA 6501 B2FF’ e ‘FM 983GLT’ são consideradas de qualidade inferior pelo teste de CE, sendo que a ‘FM 983GLT’ teve uma alta porcentagem de plântulas anormais.
INFRARED THERMOGRAPHY - COMPARISON OF INNER CANTHUS OF THE EYES AND FOREHEAD SURFACE TEMPERATURES IN HEALTHY ADULTS
Authors: Bernard Vladan , Staffa Erik , Jůza Tomáš
Published: January 2024

Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive method for surface temperature measuring. The use of the contactless IRT method is comfortable for the patient, fast and hygienic. However, this method does not provide information about the core body temperature because the temperature is measured indirectly from the surface of the human body. There are several places on a human body from which surface temperature is commonly measured; the methods of measurement and application of the device is inconsistent. The aim of this article is to show the difference between the temperature measured on the forehead and on the inner corner of the eye in healthy persons, with reference to the recommendations of ISO standard. This is mainly due to the fact that compliance with the ISO standard is not always met, as shown by the personal experience of the authors. The body surface temperature was measured by use infrared camera WIC 640 under control of calibrated model of a black body. The data from 59 different volunteer subjects show statistically significant difference in measured temperature from both selected positions. The obtained median temperature values were 35.04 °C from forehead area and 35.85 °C from canthus of eyes. The observed difference was more than three-quarters of a degree Celsius for the median value. The maximum observed temperature difference within the observed group was almost 1.94 °C. The present study defines surface temperature from canthus of eye and undoubtedly shows how important it is to comply with the standards and recommendations of professional thermology societies.
The potential of DNA methylation markers in the study of obesity
Authors: Nikolaeva A. F. , Petrova K. O. , Vasyukova O. V. , Guseinova R. M. , Minniakhmetov I. R. , Khusainova R. I. , Mokrysheva N. G. , Sigin V. O.
Published: January 2024

Obesity is a complex, heterogeneous, actively progressive disease manifested by excessive formation of adipose tissue in the body and usually has a high cardiometabolic risk and specific complications. Currently, new data are emerging that explain the pathogenesis of obesity not only by genetic variations and imbalance between energy intake and expenditure, but also by the influence of epigenetic mechanisms, such as DNA methylation. DNA methylation is the most studied epigenetic modification, whose status in the cell can be altered by various external and internal environmental factors, including diet, lifestyle, and hormones. These changes may lead to dysregulation of genes responsible for metabolic processes associated with the development of obesity. However, studies investigating epigenetic marks as potential mediators of obesity are heterogeneous in design, methodology, and results. This review discusses a conceptual framework analyzing the relationship between DNA methylation, obesity, inflammation, and response to weight loss, including after bariatric surgery, as well as material selection and methodology issues to consider when designing studies in this area.
Bioinformatics Studies of Flavonoid Derivatives Compound from Saga Rambat Leaves as an Antipyretic Candidate
Authors: Gunarti Neni Sri , Ruswanto Ruswanto , Angelica Elsa Oktavia , Hidayah Himyatul
Published: January 2024

This research is backed by the frequent use of herbal plants in the community, one of which is the saga (Abrus precatory L.), which is used to reduce body temperature in the Tirtajaya District, Karawang Regency. Saga leaves contain several secondary metabolites with potential antipyretics, one of which is flavonoids. The study aimed to determine the inhibitory activity of flavonoid compounds of saga leaves as inhibitors of COX-2 receptors and IL-1 receptors that reduce fever. The methods used were pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies, molecular docking, and molecular dynamic simulation. The outcomes of molecular docking experiments with seven flavonoid-derived compounds from saga leaves targeting cyclooxygenase-2 (4PH9) receptors revealed that isohemiphloin compounds exhibited the most favorable Gibbs free energy (ΔG) at -7.08 kcal/mol. In the case of interleukin-1 (5R85), cirsimaritin compounds displayed the lowest Gibbs free energy (ΔG) at -7.78 kcal/mol. The analysis of drug screening results indicates that the best compound adheres to four of the five Lipinski rules. Furthermore, the predictions for pharmacokinetics and toxicity are fairly good, as the best compound demonstrates a favorable pharmacokinetic profile and is determined to be non-toxic. These findings collectively suggest that the isohemiphloin compound from saga leaves may be a promising candidate for developing an antipyretic drug, particularly due to its predicted interaction with the cyclooxygenase-2 (4PH9) receptor.
Classification of Makasar Fruit Extract (Brucea javanica L. Merr.) Based on The Level of Ripeness Using a Combination of FTIR and UV-Vis Spectroscopy with Chemometrics
Authors: Banon Charles , Triawan Deni Agus , Adfa Morina , Sihite Monica Santa Ana , Nurwidiyani Ria , Rahmi Widia
Published: January 2024

Makasar fruit (Brucea javanica L. Merr) is a medicinal plant frequently utilized in Indonesia for its anti-malarial, anti-diabetic, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties. This research aims to classify extracts from B. javanica fruits based on their ripeness levels using a combination of FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopy with chemometrics. Makasar fruits were extracted using methanol assisted by ultrasonic technology, resulting in a higher yield of extract from ripe fruit (black in color) than unripe fruit (green in color). The FTIR spectrum was measured at wavenumbers ranging from 4000 to 600 cm-1, while the UV-Vis spectrum was measured at wavelengths ranging from 200 to 800 nm. Notably, the UV-Vis spectrum revealed absorption peaks at 206 nm, attributed to the quassinoid group, and 265 nm, associated with the flavonoid group. Simultaneously, the FTIR spectrum showed various functional groups, including O-H, C-H, δ-lactone, C=C aromatic stretching vibrations, and C-O-C bending vibrations. Before conducting chemometric analysis, the FTIR and UV-Vis spectra were pre-processed as baseline and SNV. The research findings demonstrate that by employing UV-Vis and FTIR spectra in combination with chemometrics, it has been possible to distinguish Makasar fruit according to its ripeness level. Ripe and unripe fruit extracts were grouped with PC values of 88% for UV-Vis and 90% for FTIR, indicating distinct profiles between ripe and unripe fruit extracts of Brucea javanica.
The Ku Klux Klan in New Jersey
Authors: Bane Tyler
Published: January 2024

An often overlooked aspect of New Jersey history is that of the Ku Klux Klan activities throughout the state during the 1920s. Driven by a resurgence of anti-immigration rhetoric, the diversity of urban centers, and the general fears of some white Protestant residents of New Jersey, the Klan targeted immigrants, participated in public demonstrations and parades, hosted social events, and attempted to intimidate Catholic politicians in particular. This paper will examine this aspect of New Jersey history by using underutilized sources like the George Moss Collection at Monmouth University’s Murry and Leonie Guggenheim Memorial Library. Hopefully, by understanding the influence the Klan had on local politics, the mistakes of the past can avoid being repeated.
The Peter Mott House
Authors: Sharp Walton Meg
Published: January 2024

Meg Sharp Walton reviews The Peter Mott House at 26 Kings Court, Lawnside, New Jersey.
Środowisko historycznoprawne w Polsce (1991-2000)
Authors: Grodziski Stanisław , Olszewski Henryk
Published: January 2024

A la base de l’enquête envoyée à toutes les chaires universitaires s’occupant de l’histoire des institutions, du droit et des idées politiques et juridiques, les auteurs de l'article donnent la caractéristique des changements qui se sont produits dans toutes les disciplines de l’histoire du droit au cours de dix dernières années à partir de 1989, quand le système politique polonais a changé. Il s’agit des chaires qui ont pour les domaines de l’enseignement et des recherches les matières suivantes: le droit romain, l’histoire universelle de l’état et du droit, l’histoire de l’état et du droit polonais, le droit canon et l’histoire de l’administration. Le retour à l’autonomie universitaire avait pour conséquence la décentralisation. Les structures universitaires sont devenues parfois compliquées en fonction des possibilités des cadres et de la tradition locale. L’autorité centrale n’impose plus ses règlements de l’organisation des écoles supérieures jusqu’au niveau des chaires. Nouveaux centres universitaires se développent. On observe la diversification du programme didactique, ce qui ne concerne pas seulement les cours magistraux, mais aussi les cours facultatifs dont le nombre a bien augmenté aussi. Dans ce phénomène se manifeste la tendence de la modernisation. Aux changements plus spéctaculaires il est arrivé au sein des cadres. On peut observer l’échange des générations. Hélàs, beaucoup de chercheurs âgés de mérite nous ont quités pour toujours. Certains collègues plus jeunes ont abandonné leurs atteliers scientifiques pour se consacrer à la vie politique. Pourtant, on ne voit pas d’une lacune de génération. 11 est plus de cela. Dans toutes les facultés de droit, la structure personnelle des chaires historiques est forte. Comme un phénomène négatif, peut-on juger le fait du „multi-étatisme” (travail sur plusieurs postes) qui retire les chercheurs de leur travail scientifique au profit de la didactique, notamment exercée de règle dans plusieurs centres universitaires. Bien entendu, cela est causé par les conditions matérielles, bien désavantageuses, offertes par les universités d’état. Vue à travers des élaborais bibliographiques, en Pologne le bagage scientifique des historiens du droit est considérable en quantité aussi bien qu’en qualité. Il est vrai que les recherches sur le Moyen Age sont plus rares aujourd’hui, mais de l’autre côté le centre de gravité est passé vers les Temps Modernes et l’époque contemporaine. Les champs de recherches s’élargissait aussi parce que la période de la République Populaire Polonaise (1944 à 1989) s’est transformée en époque historique et ce sont aussi les historiens de l’état et du droit qui s’y intéressent. La revue des structures d’organisation dans les disciplines historico-juridiques, leurs cadres et leur bagage scientifique au cours de dix ans derniers permet de voir leur avenir d'une manière bien optimiste
Prawne podstawy funkcjonowania komunalnych kas oszczędności na ziemiach polskich w okresie zaborów
Authors: Zamoyski Grzegorz
Published: January 2024

Kasy oszczędności, jako komunalne instytucje oszczędnościowo-pożyczkowe, funkcjonujące pod nazwą miejskich, powiatowych i wiejskich kas oszczędności, miały na celu ułatwianie i popieranie tworzenia się kapitałów, drogą gromadzenia, przechowywania i racjonalnego zarządzania zasobów pieniężnych głównie mniej zamożnych warstw społeczeństwa. Jako lokalne instytucje finansowe miały one przede wszystkim za swe zadanie gromadzenie oszczędności w granicach swych obwodów, celem pokrywania potrzeb finansowych i gospodarczych zamieszkałej na ich obszarze ludności.
Ochrona praw i wolności obywatelskich w austriackiej monarchii konstytucyjnej (1867-1914)
Authors: Dziadzio Andrzej
Published: January 2024

Sądową ochronę praw wolnościowych w monarchicznej Austrii zapewniał działający od 1869 r. Trybunał Pastwa (Reichsgericht). Był specjalną  instytucją powołaną do rozstrzygania sporów publiczno-prawnych, a w szczególności rozpoznawał zażalenia obywateli państwa z powodu naruszenia poręczonych im przez konstytucję praw politycznych. Katalog praw wolnościowych zawierała ustawa zasadnicza o powszechnych prawach obywateli z 21 XII 1867 r. Uchwalona z inicjatywy Rady Pastwa, stanowiła - wraz z ustawą o Trybunale Państwa - ważną część Konstytucji Grudniowej, która określiła ustrój cesarskiej Austrii aż do jej upadku. Konstytucja ta wypływała z założeń klasycznego liberalizmu i pozytywizmu prawniczego. Zmierzała zatem do ograniczenia potęgi państwa przez wprowadzenie podziału władzy i zagwarantowanie prawnego obszaru swobód obywatelskich. Przed bezprawną ingerencję pastwa w sferę indywidualnej wolności miał chronić obywatela Trybunał Państwa. Sądowa kontrola konstytucyjności działań egzekutywy uznana została za podstawowy warunek pastwa prawnego (Rechtsstaat).
Działalność ministra sprawiedliwości Aleksandra Meysztowicza w latach 1926-1928
Authors: Szpoper Dariusz
Published: January 2024

Aleksander Meysztowicz (1864-1943), pełniący w latach 1926-1928 funkcję Ministra Sprawiedliwości - w rządzie Józefa Piłsudskiego (2 października 1926 roku - 27 czerwca 1928 roku) oraz w gabinecie Kazimierza Bartla (27 czerwca - 22 grudnia 1928 roku) - nie doczekał się do tej pory pełnej biografii politycznej; jego nazwisko pojawia się bowiem tylko incydentalnie w różnych pracach poświęconych bądź dziejom II Rzeczypospolitej, szczególnie w okresie po maju 1926 r., bądź też czasom sprzed odzyskania niepodległości. Co prawda „Polski Słownik Biograficzny” zawiera dość obszerny artykuł poświęcony Aleksandrowi Meysztowiczowi autorstwa Jana Molendy, to jednak tak z uwagi na lakoniczno zawartych tam sądów jak i na pewnego rodzaju ich dezaktualizację, trudno traktowa ów życiorys za pełne curiculum vitae.
Alois Rikilin, Niccolö Machiavellego, Nauka o rządzeniu. Tłum. H. Olszewski, 2000
Authors: Ochmański Jerzy
Published: January 2024

Recenzja: Alois Riklin, Niccolò Machiavellego nauka o rządzeniu. tłum. H. Olszewski, Wydawnictwo Poznańskie, Poznań 2000 r.
Antoine Agostini, La pensée politique de Jacques-René Hébert (1790-1794), 1999
Authors: Salmonowicz Stanisław
Published: January 2024

Recenzja: Antoine Agostini, La pensée politique de Jacques-René Hébert (1790-1794), (= Coll. d. ’Histoire des Idées Politiques dirigé par Michel Ganzin), Presses Universitaires d ‘ Aix-Marseille 1999.
Uposażenie wójtów dziedzicznych miast Małopolski w XIV-XV w.
Authors: Romanowska Marta
Published: January 2024

Dans les villes polonaises, l’institutions du maire héréditaire de ville (en polonais: wójt) est apparue en liaison de la location des villes sur le droit allemand. Le droit allemand constituait la forme d’organisation et institutionelle plus développée et son transplantation en Pologne ne serait pas possible, s’il n’y avait pas déjà les villes dans le sens des centres économiques et sociaux. Moyennant ses efforts dans la location, le maire de ville recevait la dotation du sol et d’autres revenus. La volonté du seigneur et la dimension de la ville décidaient du montant et de la qualité de cette dotation. La propriété de la terre constituait le droit le plus important dont juissait le maire. A part le sol strictement agricole, il recevait aussi les parcelles destinées à créer des jardins ou pour les exploiter comme prairies ou pâturages. Le privilège plus rare était la possession du sol pro ecclesia. Sur la terre non-censuelle, le maire avait le droit de pleine propriété utile (dominium utile). Outre cela, il juissait des droits forestiers, c’est-à-dire de l’abbatage libre des arbres et de la liberté de la chasse. Parmi les differentes formes de la dotation en faveur des maires de ville, il y avait aussi les droits à l’exploitation des rivières et des viviers, à établir des moulins, des tavernes, des bains et des atelliers d’artisan. De tous ses droits le maire pouvait juir aussi après les années de la liberté censuelle (en polonais: wolnizna). La position très attractive du maire de ville était une des causes de son déclin.
Peter Collin, „Wächter der Gesetze" oder „Organ der Staatsregierung"? Konzipierung, Einrichtung und Anleitung der Staatsgewaltschaft durch das preußische Justizministerium von den Anfängen bis 1860, 2000
Authors: Olszewski Henryk
Published: January 2024

Recenzja: Peter Collin, „Wächter der Gesetze” oder „Organ der Staatsregierung”? Konzipierung, Einrichtung und Anleitung der Staatsgewaltschaft durch das preußische Justizministerium von den Anfängen bis 1860, Vittorio Klostermann, Frankfurt / M 2000.
Małopolska w ustroju Polski Piastowskiej ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem terytorium sandomierskiego
Authors: Teterycz Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

Comme un territoire séparé, la terre de Sandomierz n’apparait que dans les sources historiques du XIIe siècle. Le chroniqueur Gall parle des „sedes regni principales” auxquels appartenaient Cracovie, Wrocław et Sandomir. Après l’an 1138, elle existait comme principauté. Sous le règne d’Henri de Sandomir, on l’appelait le „dominium”. En même temps le prince Henri est nommé le „frére du prince” ou le „fils de prince”. A l’époque du morcellement du Royaume (1138 à 1320), les deux terres de la Petite Pologne, c’est-à-dire, la terre de Cracovie et celle de Sandomir, se trouvaient sous le gouvernement d’un prince. Les luttes pour le pouvoir dans la Petite Pologne dont le siège principal se trouvait à Cracovie favorisaient la séparation du territoire de Sandomir. C’est là, il y avait un second centre du pouvoir, où residaient le voïvode et les officiers de la cour. Bien que les terres de Sandomir et de Cracovie soient unies sous le pouvoir d’un seul prince pendant de longues périodes de leur histoire, le territoire de Sandomir n’a pas été incorporé à la principauté de Cracovie. Cela était possible grâce à la tradition bien cultivé de sa séparation administrative, quirémontait aux temps bien anciens.
Aleksander This i Jan Kanty Wołowski - wybitni prawnicy Królestwa Polskiego
Authors: Witkowski Wojciech
Published: January 2024

Alexandre This (1803 à 1846) et Jan Kanty Wołowski (1803 à 1863) appartenaient à la pléiade des juristes polonais bien éminants - diplômés de l’Université de Varsovie - qui unifiaient leurs chemins professionels à l’activité scientifique et à la participation aux travaux de codification. Très lié à Franciszek-Ksawery Drucki-Lubecki, This était conseiller juridique de la Commission Gouvernementale des Revenus et du Trésor, et de l’an 1842 procureur auprès IXe Departement du Sénat Gouvernant à Varsovie et membre de la Commission Gouvernemental de la Justice. Il publiait les travaux sur le droit civil dans les colonnes de la „Themis Polska“. Il présentait la législation russe dans la „Revue étrangere et française“ et dans la „Revue de législation et de jurisprudence“. Il était le précurseur des opinions promouvantes la juridiction de tribunaux dans le système juridique du Royaume. C’était This qui a transplanté la philosophie de John Austin sur le sol polonais. Avocat et officier situé très haut dans l'administration du Royaume dans laquelle il occupait le poste du ministre de la justice pendant certain temps, Jan Kanty Wołowski organisait la Faculté de Droit et de l’Administration à l’Ecole Générale de Varsovie. Il était le premier doyen de cette Faculté. En 1863, à cause de son activité patriotique, il a été arrêté et déporté en Sibérie. Il écrivait les articles sur le droit civil concernant surtout le rôle de la juridiction. Les notes de Wołowski au cours du droit civil ont été utilisés par F. Jeziorański dans son travail sur le „Cours du Code Civil“, paru en 1869, qui est devenu un manuel classique du droit civil pour plusiers générations des juristes polonais.
Z dziejów angielskich defences: obrona konieczna i stan wyższej konieczności
Authors: Baran Kazimierz , Małek Małgorzata , Szczurek Kinga
Published: January 2024

Obecny przyczynek stawia sobie za cel przybliżenie polskiemu historykowi prawa pewnej osobliwości, jaka cechowała, a poniekąd cechuje i dziś - niektóre z angielskich defences, stanowiących - w jakim stopniu - odpowiednik kontynentalnych okoliczności wykluczających przedmiotów bezprawność czynu (np. obrona konieczna, stan wyższej konieczności) lub win (np. niepoczytalno czy nieletniość ). Całkowitej adekwatności angielskich i kontynentalnych pojęć nie da się tu zresztą osiągnąć , skoro wśród defences napotykamy także defence of automatism, będącą odpowiednikiem fizycznego przymusu nieodpornego (vis absoluta). Przypomnijmy, iż w prawie polskim vis absoluta przecina w ogóle wszelką dyskusję o przestępstwie, skoro działanie osoby pozostającej pod jej wpływem nie stanowi w ogóle czynu w rozumieniu prawa. Nie jest bowiem „zahaczone” o jakikolwiek impuls jej woli (np. skutki gwałtownych ruchów osoby miotającej się w ataku epileptycznym czy pchniętej na szyb wystawową ). W Anglii natomiast defence of automatism ma status regularnej defence, w niczym nieustępującej self-defence czy defence of prevention, które razem składaj si na kontratyp zbliżony do kontynentalnej obrony koniecznej. Jak więc widać , angielskie defences noszą w sobie cechy i kreują argumenty, które w ujęciu kontynentalnym przynależy czasem do odrębnych porządków rozumowania legistycznego
Thermodynamic costs of temperature stabilization in logically irreversible computation
Authors: Li Shu-Nan , Cao Bing-Yang
Published: January 2024

In recent years, great efforts are devoted to reducing the work cost of the bit operation, but it is still unclear whether these efforts are sufficient for resolving the temperature stabilization problem in computation. By combining information thermodynamics and a generalized constitutive model which can describe Fourier heat conduction as well as non-Fourier heat transport with nonlocal effects, we here unveil two types of the thermodynamic costs in the temperature stabilization problem. Each type imposes an upper bound on the amount of bits operated per unit time per unit volume, which will eventually limit the speed of the bit operation. The first type arises from the first and second laws of thermodynamics, which is independent of the boundary condition and can be circumvented in Fourier heat conduction. The other type is traceable to the third law of thermodynamics, which will vary with the boundary condition and is ineluctable in Fourier heat conduction. These thermodynamic costs show that reducing the work cost of the bit operation is insufficient for resolving the temperature stabilization problem in computation unless the work cost vanishes.