bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Systems, Instruments and Regulatory Policies of American and European Capitalism
Authors: Sam-Quarm Richmond
Published: December 2020

The beginning of the 21st century, the phenomenon of globalization, the IT revolution and the financialization of the economy have also changed the terms of the comparison among capitalist countries. At global level, the rapid expansion of the financial sector was also encouraged by an increase in innovative financial products. Regulators and supervisors have not been able to adequately identify and address the growing risks in the financial system. The beginning of the financial crisis has brought to light such weaknesses. And it is from this negative experience that the major world authorities have intervened, trying to set up plans and regulations to protect the financial system and consumers. The analysis of the framework that comes with the financial crisis of 2007-2013 is thus a starting point for this work to understand the new features of world capitalism. American and European capitalist systems seem to diverge above all on the policies and instruments for regulating the financial system. The aim of the work is to show the differences between the US and European financial and banking regulation. The former is geared towards reviving deregulation and financial innovation while the latter is more geared towards redesigning a more accentuated regulatory model with a governance of the economy that always sees the presence of a mixed welfare and market system.
Identification Of Business Knowledge Management Strategy: Using The Research Skills Development Framework Concept
Authors: Sangadji Suwandi S. , Ismaulina  , Manullang Sardjana Orba , Tahirs Jemi Pabisangan , Mardhiah
Published: December 2020

The qualitative study discusses and guides the business people with the strategic management of business knowledge using research skills development framework. The success of the development of business strategy management is closely related to the framework of developing specific field expertise. One of them is through the research skills development framework (RSD). For that purpose, we have taken a strategic step, namely collecting data and information from various literature sources that seek and examine several scientific publications related to the framework and concepts of developing research expertise. After the data is collected, we next analyze with a phenomenological approach to ensure that our findings are valid and reliable in answering research formation questions. The analysis process involved coding the data, in-depth interpretation, and conclusions so that the findings could line up with the problems of the research. Finally, we could conclude the results that the RSD framework can be a conceptual framework in developing a business management strategy with analysis of approaches and communication assisted by rubrics and autonomy for researchers. Thus, these findings are to become part of a formal reference for starting a business that is useful and effective.
The Comparison of Guerilla Warfare Framework of Mao Tse-Tung, Vo Nguyen Giap, and Che Guevara
Authors: Quarm Richmond Sam , Busharads Mohamed Osman Elamin
Published: December 2020

Small war became popularly used in irregular warfare when a more considerable force dominated the opponent. Small wars but troublesome opposing forces are known as guerrillas. Since war architects popularized the guerrilla theory, it has also been frequently used in wars between forces. The psychological impact of most of the war's success can influence both state and group leaders to apply this model. It has been practiced and applied for a long time in various parts of the world until today. The very popularity of this model of warfare has prompted the author to produce an article that aims to compare the three guerrilla architects' frameworks from the point of view of a comprehensive strategy, tactics, and social aspects using the method of collecting data through document study. The results show that the framework of Mao Tse Tung, Vo Nguyen Giap, and Che Guevara about guerrilla warfare has its characteristics and perspectives.
Syntactic priming reveals an explicit syntactic representation of multi-digit verbal numbers
Authors: Dotan Dror , Breslavskiy Ilya , Diab-Copty Haneen , Yousefi Vivian
Published: December 2020

When we say or understand verbal numbers, a major challenge to the cognitive system is the need to process the number’s syntactic structure. Several studies showed that number syntax is handled by dedicated processes, however, it is still unclear how precisely these processes operate, whether the number’s syntactic structure is represented explicitly, and if it is – what this representation looks like. Here, we used a novel experimental paradigm, syntactic priming of numbers, which can examine in detail the syntactic representation of multi-digit verbal numbers. In each trial the participants – Arabic-Hebrew bilinguals and Hebrew monolinguals – heard a multi-digit number and responded orally with a random number. The syntactic structure of their responses was similar to that of the targets, showing that they represented the verbal number’s syntax. This priming effect was genuinely syntactic, and could not be explained as lexical – repeating words from the target; as phonological – responding with words phonologically-similar to the target; or as a numerical distance effect – producing responses numerically close to the target. The syntactic priming effect was stronger for earlier words in the verbal number and weaker for later words, suggesting that the syntactic representation is capped by working-memory limits. We propose that syntactic priming could become a useful method to examine various aspects of the syntactic representation of numbers.
The 1962 Military Confrontation on Salvaging West Papua: An Analysis on War Theory
Authors: Sam-Quarm Richmond , Busharads Mohamed Osman Elamin
Published: December 2020

Based on the Round Table Conference between Indonesia and the Netherlands' representatives in 1949, West Papua will be delivered to Indonesia a year later. Nevertheless, the Dutch broke their promise to return West Papua to Indonesian sovereignty. The Dutch continued to insist on West Papua as their land and then increased their military presence in West Papua to prepare for defending the territory. Responding to this, initially, Indonesia made peaceful efforts, namely bilateral diplomacy within the Indonesian-Dutch Union ties, continued with trilateral diplomacy and diplomacy efforts using the Asian African Conference and United Nations organizations. However, Indonesian diplomatic efforts met with deadlock. Hence, another form of diplomacy, the military effort, has been displayed. This study's main aim is to review the 1962 military confrontation on salvaging West Papua in the analysis on war theory. Also, to prove that with sufficient military strength, the country will confidently step up to be the negotiating table winner. The Indonesian military strength at that time was playing a significant role as a deterrent effect. The research uses a qualitative descriptive phenomenology method, using data sources from several books and journals available. The result of the research shows that Indonesia absolutely needs a modern and more rigid military force to maintain its sovereignty, protect our Island and its natural resources. Without the deterrent effect of military power, Indonesia will be underestimated in international politics.
The Child with Tics or Other Common Movement Disorders
Authors: Ueda Keisuke , Black Kevin J.
Published: December 2020

Tic disorders are the most common movement disorders in a pediatric practice. Moreover, tic disorders are frequently associated with comorbid neuropsychiatric symptoms. Therefore, understanding tic disorders is vital for general practitioners to deliver appropriate care to patients with tics. However, misunderstanding and misconceptions of tic disorders still exist among the general population and in health care providers. For the past decade, many studies have been conducted to elucidate tic disorders. This article aims to provide an overview about tics and tic disorders, and recent information on tic disorders including history, definition, diagnosis, epidemiology, etiology, diagnostic approach, comorbidities, treatment and management, and differential diagnosis.
From social contingency to verbal reference: a constructivist hypothesis.
Authors: Luchkina Elena , Xu Fei
Published: December 2020

In the first year of life, infants’ word learning is slow, laborious, and requires repeated exposure to word-referent co-occurrences. In contrast, by 14-18 months, infants learn words from just a few labeling events, use joint attention and eye-gaze to decipher word meaning, and begin to use speech to communicate about absent things. We propose that this remarkable advancement in word learning results from attaining a referential understanding of words – that words are linked to mental representations and used intentionally to communicate about real-world entities. We suggest that verbal reference is supported by co-developing conceptual, social, representational, and statistical learning capacities. We also propose that infants’ recognition of this tri-directional link between words, referents, and mental representations is enabled by their experience participating in and observing socially contingent interactions. Understanding verbal reference signals a qualitative shift in infants’ word learning. This shift enables infants to bootstrap word meanings from syntax and semantics, learn novel words and facts from non-ostensive communication, and make inferences about speakers’ epistemic competence based on their language production. In this paper, we review empirical findings across multiple facets of infant cognition and propose a novel developmental theory of verbal reference. Finally, we suggest new directions of empirical research that may provide stronger and more direct evidence for our theory and contribute to our understanding of the development of verbal reference and language-mediated learning in infancy and beyond.
Uma proposta de aprendizagem baseada em projetos
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: December 2020

Apresentamos, neste artigo, uma proposta contendo algumas diretrizes da metodologia ativa, "Aprendizagem Baseada em Projetos", especialmente no quesito avaliação.
A reflection before farewell to 2020 and heading to 2021
Authors: Nguyen Minh-Hoang
Published: December 2020

I reflect on what I have been through since my first writing before 2020 ends.
Benford’s Law Application: Case of Elections in Sri Lanka
Authors: Quarm Richmond Sam , Sam-Quarm Richmond
Published: December 2020

Sri Lanka, like many developing countries has been involved in a circle of allegations of election fraud. Usually these claims are pronounced more by losing parties. This study uses Benford’s law, a law of probability distribution of digits, to investigate whether the election fraud claims might have merit. A sample in this study is made of 808 election data. This data comes from the 2010 Presidential election for representatives from three major political parties and from 2010 General Election data. All of the data points were obtained through reliable government sources, two of which are, the Department of Elections website of Sri Lanka, and the National News Paper statistics (2010). The study contrasts the distribution of the first digit of election results against the Benford’s Law benchmark. After obtaining the results, we organize the data and find median, mean, mode and standard deviation. The preliminary results showe that the data does not align with Benford’s law predictions. In other words, it shows that the data does not follow the law where the mean is larger than the median and there is a positive skewness then it likely follows a Benford’s distribution. The distribution of the first digit of actual data for three parties disagrees with Benford's law. This misalignment is more pronounced for the winning party than for the second and third place parties, respectively. We, therefore, look forward to run the data through several critical analyses and observing if there shall be any fraud or manipulation in numbers.
Enhancing EFL Students’ Autonomous Learning of English Conversation During COVID-19 Via Language-in-talk Log Assignments
Authors: Quarm Richmond Sam , Sam-Quarm Richmond
Published: December 2020

This one-group pre- and post-test quasi-experimental study endeavored to investigate whether learner autonomy was developed with implementing language-in-talk log assignments as a monitored self-study task in a university English conversation course (890-020 English Conversation). Eighty-eight Thai second-year undergraduate accounting majors at Prince of Songkla University (PSU), Hat Yai, Thailand took part in the study. The participants completed 10 language-in-talk log assignments over 10 weeks. A pre- and post-questionnaire was administered before and after the intervention to examine the effect of the log assignments in developing participants’ learner autonomy. The reflective log was also used to gather participants’ perceptions of using the log assignments in a conversation course. The results showed that the language-in-talk log assignments aided in enhancing the students’ learner autonomy to set learning goals, select appropriate learning materials, take responsibility, and evaluate their learning. Seeking social assistance, however, did not have a significant difference in mean scores, and participants expressed dissatisfaction over not being able to interact with their peers as in classroom learning. The findings further highlighted the significance of teachers’ presence in scaffolding learners to achieve full autonomy. Overall, the results from this research supported the use of the log assignment as a potential pedagogical tool to enable learners to be responsible for their own learning in a language course.
COQ6 is differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the coenzyme Q6 monooxygenase, encoded by COQ6, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissues and primary tumors of the breast. COQ6 mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast and to normal breast tissues. Up-regulation of COQ6 expression may be of relevance to mechanisms by which tumor cells of the breast metastasize to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
Implementation of the Philippines-Indonesia Coordinated Patrol in the Sea Border Area of Indonesia and the Philippines from the Sea Power Perspective
Authors: Quarm Richmond Sam , Busharads Mohamed Osman Elamin
Published: December 2020

The Philippines-Indonesia coordinated patrol (Corpat Philindo) is an implementation of the 1975 Border Patrol Agreement (BPA) which was carried out on a scheduled basis by the two countries in the context of securing the Indonesia-Philippines maritime border. Corpat philindo is the response of the two countries to the existence of traditional border crossers of border communities as well as to guarantee the country's sovereignty from criminal acts and law violations in the border sea between Indonesia and the Philippines. The purpose of this study is to determine the advantages and disadvantages of implementing the Corpat Philindo which have been implemented from the perspective of marine power. The theories used in the analysis are international cooperation security theory and sea power theory. This study uses qualitative data analysis techniques using secondary data and then uses theory to identify a process of events that the author studied. The results of this study conclude that the use of defense equipment, operational areas and support bases in the Corpat Philindo have not yet fulfilled the embodiment of sea power in the Philippines-Indonesia border sea.
Awareness of Long-Term Prednisolone Use Among Patients Attending a Respiratory Clinic in Sri Lanka: A Clinical Audit
Authors: Quarm Richmond Sam
Published: December 2020

Background: Prednisolone is recognized as one of the most commonly used, highly effective anti-inflammatory agent. It plays a pivotal role in the management of various disease conditions in pulmonology, such as interstitial lung diseases, sarcoidosis, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive airway disease, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and even in some forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. However, this medication with great therapeutic importance is not free of risks. Long-term use and use in higher doses are known to cause various systemic adverse effects. Therefore, complying with recommended precautionary strategies is of paramount importance. Objectives: To assess awareness of correct use of prednisolone particularly among long-term, outpatient users. Methodology: A structured interviewer-based questionnaire was used to assess awareness of prednisolone usage in patients attending Central chest clinic, Colombo. Forty-one consecutive patients on long term prednisolone were selected from the clinic. The questionnaire was prepared based on recommendations and guidelines related to proper use of corticosteroids. Data were collected by the principal investigator. Results: This clinical audit highlighted the inadequacy of awareness about side effects and safety practices among patients on prolonged courses of prednisolone. Conclusion: Patients need to be educated more on adverse effects, safety measures and correct use to improve risk/ benefit ratio. Designing a steroid treatment card was identified as a potential method to optimize patient education, monitoring and adverse outcome prevention in long-term steroid therapy. Intended quality improvement will be evaluated by re-auditing the implemented protocol.
The collagen triple helix repeat-containing 1 (CTHRC1) is transcriptionally modulated in the spinal cords of salamanders following traumatic resection.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

In nature, there are extraordinary creatures that have the ability to regenerate spinal cord tissue following traumatic injuries (1, 2, 3, 4). We mined published microarray data (5, 6) to understand in an unbiased fashion how this process transpires, by studying transcription at the systems level in the spinal cord tissue of axolotl salamanders following traumatic cord resection. We identified CTHRC1, encoding the collagen triple helix repeat-containing 1, as among the genes whose expression changes most significantly in the spinal cords of salamanders during the regenerative process. CTHRC1 is likely one of many molecules whose modulation at the level of gene expression, in a complex, multi-step process, is critical for rebuilding the spinal cord.
Modeling and Forecasting Gold Prices
Authors: Quarm Richmond Sam , Busharads Mohamed Osman Elamin
Published: December 2020

The aim of this paper is to explore the reasons of gold price volatility. It analyses the information function of the gold future market by open interest contracts as speculation effect, and further fundamental factors including inflation, Chinese yuan per dollar, Japanese yen per dollar, dollar per euro, interest rate, oil price, and stock price, in the short-run. The study proceeds to build a Dynamic OLS model for long-run equilibrium to produce reliable gold price forecasts using the following variables: gold demand, gold supply, inflation, USD/SDR exchange rate, speculation, interest rate, oil price, and stock prices. Findings prove that in the short-run, changes in gold price does granger cause changes in open interest, and changes in Japanese yen per dollar does granger cause changes in gold price. However, in the long-run, the results prove that gold demand, gold supply, USD/SDR exchange rate, inflation, speculation, interest rate, and oil price are associated in a long-run relationship.
Sufficient niacin supply: the missing puzzle piece to COVID-19, and beyond?
Authors: Kats Dmitry
Published: December 2020

Definitive antiviral properties are evidenced for niacin, i.e., nicotinic acid (NA), as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) therapy for both disease recovery and prevention, to the level that reversal or progression of its pathology follows as an intrinsic function of NA supply. This detailed investigation provides a thorough disentanglement of how the downstream inflammatory propagation of ensuing severe acute respiratory virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is entirely prohibited or reversed upstream out the body to expeditiously restore health with well-tolerated dynamic supplementation of sufficient NA (i.e., ~1-3 grams per day). Culmination of this research leads to realization of the potentially ubiquitous therapeutic and preventive powers of NA against inflammatory disease, in general.
GABRD is differentially expressed in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: December 2020

Metastasis to the brain is a clinical problem in patients with breast cancer (1-3). We mined published microarray data (4, 5) to compare primary and metastatic tumor transcriptomes to discover genes associated with brain metastasis in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We found that the delta subunit of the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) type A receptor, encoded by GABRD, was among the genes whose expression was most different in the brain metastases of patients with metastatic breast cancer as compared to normal breast tissues and primary tumors of the breast. GABRD mRNA was present at increased quantities in brain metastatic tissues as compared to primary tumors of the breast and to normal breast tissues. Up-regulation of GABRD expression may be of relevance to mechanisms by which tumor cells of the breast metastasize to the brain in humans with metastatic breast cancer.
What is Cancer Vaccine? Does it prevent Cancer?
Authors: Mukherjee Dattatreya
Published: December 2020

Cancer vaccine is a very common term for many people after FDA approved theTriple Negative Breast Cancer based vaccine of Cleveland Clinic, USA. So what is aCancer Vaccine and do it prevent cancer. Lets discuss these in this article.First Cancer Vaccine is not a preventive vaccine, its a therapeutic vaccine. What doesit means? It means it will increase the immunity against the tumor cells i.e its a partof immuno-targeted therapy. Now how does it works?Basic mechanism is the process to increase the amount of T cells against TumorAssociated Antigen (TAA). Mostly DNA/RNA/DC/CART are used to activate MHCI and II and thus increase CD4 helper and CD8 cytotoxic T cells Or use somemodified peptide or virus (Oncolytic Vaccine) to get the same mechanism.
Time, Physics and Neuroscience
Authors: Di Sia Paolo
Published: December 2020

It has been suggested by some authors that time has no physical existence, but it would be an illusion. The human being uses clocks for measuring the numerical sequential order of the duration of material changes, namely the motion which runs in space. We experience a run of changes in the frame of the linear psychological time “past-present-future”, which has its basis in the neurological activity of the brain. We could link it with a concept of universe where there is neither physical past nor physical future. In this model of “time-free” space (in the physical sense) it exists only what we observe with our senses and measure with apparatuses.
Efficacy of Homeopathy in Children with Retinoblastoma (RB): A Review
Authors: Quarm Richmond Sam , Sam-Quarm Richmond , Busharads Mohamed Osman Elamin , Alom Jahangir , Arifin Rashedul , Rume Rumana Afroze
Published: December 2020

Retinoblastoma (RB) is a rapidly developing cancer that develops from the immature cells of a retina, the light-detecting tissue of the eye and is the most common malignant tumor of the eye in children. There are very few known risk factors for retinoblastoma, but the main gene changes inside cells that can lead to retinoblastoma are now fairly well known. Early in fetal development, well before birth, cells in the retina of the eye divide to make new cells to fill the retina. At a certain point, these cells normally stop dividing and become mature retinal cells. But sometimes something goes wrong with this process. Instead of maturing, some retinal cells continue to grow out of control, which can lead to retinoblastoma. The article aims in describing the role of homeopathy in managing RB. The use of homeopathic remedies is raising in the modern area especially in chronic disease as well as DNA mutations like RB and is proved effective in clinical practice. Managing cases of RB in homeopathy is an art. However, more scientific research studies are needed to be done to validate the effectiveness, and explain the safety profile of homeopathic remedies for their anti-retinoblastoma potential. Because, homoeopathy system of medicine is stand on law of similia i.e. Similia Similibus Curenture.
Probing High School Students’ Understanding of Einstein’s Theory of Gravity Using Thought Experiments and Analogy
Authors: Quarm Richmond Sam , Sam-Quarm Richmond , Busharads Mohamed Osman Elamin
Published: December 2020

In this study, we probed high school students’ understanding of Einstein’s theory of gravity by implementing an approach which mainly consists of two steps: firstly, exposing students to TEs describing the Equivalence Principle; secondly, applying the analogy of parallel lines on a curved surface with the path of two falling balls in a real gravitational field to help students deduce the idea of gravity as the spacetime curvature. A total of 12 high school students voluntarily participated in this study where data regarding their understanding were measured by means of an identical pen-and-paper test and interviews. Even though none of the students could explain what the Einstein’s version of gravity is in the pre-test, their responses in the post-test indicated that the approach we applied could help them understand the Einstein’s theory of gravity. Not only could they recall what the gravity is, most of them managed to provide related analogy they have learnt to explain their thoughts. Apart from its easily comprehensible steps, the study suggested that the approach is worth adopting to teach Einstein’s theory of gravity as it reflects the similar path ever taken by Einstein when starting to formulate his theory of gravity.
Pentingnya Materi Lingkungan dalam Proses Pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia
Authors: Rindha Novia Rahma
Published: December 2020

Pendidikan lingkungan merupakan usaha untuk melestarikan, menjaga lingkungan, dan ekosistem makhluk hidup agar dapat memberikan keseimbangan dalam keberlangsungan kehidupan. Pendidikan lingkungan merupakan hal sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia sebab pendidikan lingkungan dapat mencegah kerusakan lingkungan alam sekitar. Menurut Ramadhan, Sukma, dan Indriyani (2019) menyatakan bahwa kerusakan lingkungan akan mengakibatkan krisis ekologi yang menimbulkan serangkaian masalah alam sumber daya, iklim, polusi, makanan, dan ekonomi sebab lingkungan yang menentukan kehidupan, kesehatan masyarakat, juga perkembangan spiritual dan moral.
Regularização dimensional: como isolar o infinito de uma integral divergente
Authors: Lobo Matheus Pereira
Published: December 2020

Apresentamos uma adaptação do método da regularização dimensional para isolar o infinito de uma integral divergente.
Awareness of Long-Term Prednisolone Use Among Patients Attending a Respiratory Clinic in Sri Lanka: A Clinical Audit
Authors: Busharads Mohamed Osman Elamin
Published: December 2020

Background: Prednisolone is recognized as one of the most commonly used, highly effective anti-inflammatory agent. It plays a pivotal role in the management of various disease conditions in pulmonology, such as interstitial lung diseases, sarcoidosis, bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive airway disease, allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and even in some forms of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. However, this medication with great therapeutic importance is not free of risks. Long-term use and use in higher doses are known to cause various systemic adverse effects. Therefore, complying with recommended precautionary strategies is of paramount importance. Objectives: To assess awareness of correct use of prednisolone particularly among long-term, outpatient users. Methodology: A structured interviewer-based questionnaire was used to assess awareness of prednisolone usage in patients attending Central chest clinic, Colombo. Forty-one consecutive patients on long term prednisolone were selected from the clinic. The questionnaire was prepared based on recommendations and guidelines related to proper use of corticosteroids. Data were collected by the principal investigator. Results: This clinical audit highlighted the inadequacy of awareness about side effects and safety practices among patients on prolonged courses of prednisolone. Conclusion: Patients need to be educated more on adverse effects, safety measures and correct use to improve risk/ benefit ratio. Designing a steroid treatment card was identified as a potential method to optimize patient education, monitoring and adverse outcome prevention in long-term steroid therapy. Intended quality improvement will be evaluated by re-auditing the implemented protocol.
Keeping the Breath in Mind: Respiration, Neural Oscillations and the Free Energy Principle
Authors: Boyadzhieva Asena , Kayhan Ezgi
Published: December 2020

Scientific interest in the brain and body interactions has been surging in recent years. One fundamental yet underexplored aspect of brain and body interactions is the link between the respiratory and the nervous systems. In this article, we give an overview of the emerging literature on how respiration modulates neural, cognitive and emotional processes. Moreover, we present a perspective linking respiration to the free-energy principle. We frame volitional modulation of the breath as an active inference mechanism in which sensory evidence is recontextualized to alter interoceptive models. We further propose that respiration-entrained gamma oscillations may reflect the propagation of prediction errors from the sensory level up to cortical regions in order to alter higher level predictions. Accordingly, controlled breathing emerges as an easily accessible tool for emotional, cognitive, and physiological regulation.
道徳判断と嫌悪感情 ―神性・清浄基盤に着目して― Moral judgment and disgust with an emphasis on the purity moral foundation
Authors: MATSUO Akiko , Tanaka Yuri
Published: December 2020

This paper reviews the previous work on disgust from the perspective of moral judgment. Shweder et al. (1987) proposed that morality consists of three dimensions: autonomy, community, and divinity. This interpretation of morality serves as one’s rationale and/or standards in moral judgment. Haidt and his colleagues (2011) extended Shweder’s idea and developed it as Moral Foundations Theory (MFT). The purity foundation of the MFT corresponds to the divinity dimension of Shweder’s theory and is found to evoke disgust. What kind of behavior people should judge as morally wrong in terms of the purity foundation is shared among ingroup members, which makes them bound together; that is a social function of morality. Accordingly, their moral judgment leads violators to be socially excluded. Although understanding the purity foundation helps researchers clarify how ingroup members are eventually excluded, cultural differences in the concept of purity can exist, such as the unique purity orientation among the Japanese. In addition, this paper addresses such concepts relevant to social exclusion as moralization and moral elevation. The theoretical and practical findings from research on moral judgment will contribute to the better understanding of the mechanism of disgust being evoked and social exclusion being processed.
Beyond Moral Dilemmas: The Role of Reasoning in Five Categories of Utilitarian Judgment
Authors: Jaquet François , Cova Florian
Published: December 2020

Over the past two decades, the study of moral reasoning has been heavily influenced by Joshua Greene’s dual-process model of moral judgment, according to which deontological judgments are typically supported by intuitive, automatic processes while utilitarian judgments are typically supported by reflective, conscious processes. However, most of the evidence gathered in support of this model comes from the study of people’s judgments about sacrificial dilemmas, such as Trolley Problems. To which extent does this model generalize to other debates in which deontological and utilitarian judgments conflict, such as the existence of harmless moral violations, the difference between actions and omissions, the extent of our duty to help others, and the good justification for punishment? To find out, we conducted a series of five studies on the role of reflection in these kinds of moral conundrums. In Study 1, participants were asked to answer under cognitive load. In Study 2, participants had to answer under a strict time constraint. In Studies 3 to 5, we sought to promote reflection through exposure to counter-intuitive reasoning problems or direct instruction. Overall, our results offer strong support to the extension of Greene’s dual-process model to moral debates on the existence of harmless violations and partial support to its extension to moral debates on the extent of our duty to help others.
MENURUNNYA KESADARAN DAN KEPEDULIAN MASYARAKAT TERHADAP LINGKUNGAN
Authors: ARMAN
Published: December 2020

Dewasa ini, kesadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap lingkungan sudah mulai menurun atau memudar. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan masih banyak nya ditemukan masyarakat yang dengan leluasanya membuang sampah sembarang dan membuangnya kesungai, pembakaran hutan, hingga pembabatan hutan secara besar-besaran. Data dari Kementrian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, luas hutan diIndonesia mencapai 124 juta hektar, namun sejak tahun 2010-2015 Indonesia menempati urutan kedua tertinggi didunia setelah Brasil yang mengalami penggerusan hutan, setiap tahunnya Indoneisa mengalami penggerusan hutan hingga 684.000 hektar, dimana hal ini terjadi akibat dari penebangan liar, kebakaran hutan, pembukaan lahan, alih fungsi lahan, dan lain-lain.[1] Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa masih kurangnya kesadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap lingkungan. Lingkungan akan terus terjaga dengan adanya perilaku pro lingkungan dimasyrakat, namun perilaku ini tidak dapat muncul begitu saja, ada beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi didalamnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi atas menurunnya kesadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap lingkungan, faktor-faktor yang mampu meningkatkan kesadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap lingkungan, serta dampak positif dan negatif yang terjadi. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur dimana. Dimana hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, faktor pengetahuan dan kurangnya edukasi ditambah angka kesadaran pro lingkungan yang rendah menjadi salah satu hal yang mendasari menurunnya kepedulian masyarakat terhadap lingkungan, serta faktor-faktor yang mampu meningkatkan kepedulian dan kesadaran masyarakat terhadap lingkungan, seperti faktor kecerdasan emosional dan spiritual, kepemimpinan, dan atraksi interpersonal menjadi beberapa faktor yang mampu meningkatkan pro lingkungan dimasyarakat.
Análise da evolução do Sars-Cov-2 no Rio Grande do Sul e reflexões acerca do modelo de distanciamento controlado
Authors: Rodrigues Maicon dos Santos , Megiato Érica Insaurriaga , Dagnino Ricardo , Panitz Lucas Manassi , Weber Eliseu José
Published: December 2020

RESUMOA pandemia de Covid-19 chegou ao Rio Grande do Sul (RS) evidenciando a necessidade de uma abordagem multidisciplinar e sistemática, buscando respostas emergentes. A falta de uma estratégia nacional de combate ao novo coronavírus exigiu a elaboração de uma alternativa própria por parte do governo local. A opção adotada foi um modelo de distanciamento controlado, considerando a gestão do sistema de saúde, visando garantir a capacidade de atendimento dos enfermos por Covid-19 e demais doenças e propiciar o funcionamento dos setores econômicos. O presente artigo faz um apanhado geral da confirmação de casos de Covid-19 no Rio Grande do Sul, analisa a evolução da doença no período de abril a outubro de 2020 e disserta criticamente acerca do modelo de distanciamento controlado aplicado pelo governo do estado. São feitas reflexões sobre os objetivos de tal modelo, que exprimem uma tentativa de condicionamento das práticas espaciais da população, e sobre a eficiência da instrumentalização do controle social simbolizada por cores que indicam a intensidade de restrições.Palavras-chave: Covid-19; distanciamento controlado; coronavírus; Sars-Cov-2. ABSTRACTThe Covid-19 pandemic reached Rio Grande do Sul (RS), highlighting the need for a multidisciplinary and systematic approach, seeking emerging responses. The lack of a national strategy to combat the new coronavirus required the elaboration of an alternative by the local government. The option adopted was a controlled distance model, considering the health system management, aiming at guaranteeing the capacity to attend the sick due to Covid-19 and other diseases, and allowing the functioning of the economic sectors. This article provides an overview of the confirmation of cases of Covid-19 in Rio Grande do Sul, analyzes the evolution of the disease from April to October 2020, and gives a critical commentary on the controlled distance model applied by the state government. Reflections are made on the objectives of such a model, which express an attempt to condition the population’s spatial practices, and on the efficiency of the instrumentalization of social control symbolized by colors indicating the intensity of restrictions.Keywords: Covid-19; controlled distance; coronavirus; Sars-Cov-2.
KENAKALAN REMAJA SEKSUAL DI KOTA BANJARBARU
Authors: Saidah Siti
Published: December 2020

Tidak kita sadari bahwa setiap anak yang ada disekitar kita memiliki sikap dan sifatnya masing-masing yang berbeda-beda. Jurnal atau artikel ini menulis tentang perilaku kenakalan seksual pada remaja yang biasanya berusia sekitaran 13-25 tahun pada bagian remaja awal dan remaja akhir. Kenakalan remaja seksual memiliki banyak sekali jenisnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui adanya kenakalan remaja seksual yang ada disekitar lingkungan tempat tinggal yang memiliki dampak apa saja terhadap dirinya dan lingkungan sekitarnya, menyebutkan juga faktor-faktor pendorong apa saja yang membuat kenakalan remaja seksual semakin berkembang di masa sekarang yang ada disekitaran lingkungan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan positif dan negative terkait adanya kecenderungan perilaku pada remaja yang menyebabkan kenakalan remaja seksual semakin marak adanya. Remaja memiliki pemikiran bahwa ia akan mencoba keluar dari zona nyamannya dan mencoba hal baru yang belum pernah ia rasakan sebelumnya. Masa remaja juga mengharuskan adanya kerja sama beberapa pihak untuk mengawasi remaja agar tidak terjerumus kehal-hal negatif yang merugikan banyak orang. Remaja tidak sadar melakukan hal itu karena ia memiliki bahwa itu sebuah pengalaman baru yang dicobanya. Metode penelitian menggunakan kajian literatur yang sudah dikemas dalam bentuk jurnal-jurnal ilmiah. Penelitian ini untuk mengingatkan pada dasarnya kenakalan remaja seksual masih banyak terjadi dilingkungan sekitar Kota Banjarbaru. Remaja mengenal terus menerus media elektronik yang semakin hari semakin berkembang dan semakin canggih sehingga dapat bebas mengakses apa saja yang ia mau.
The Traits of the Innovator: Five-Factor Model Analysis and Exemplification
Authors: Vannella Filippo
Published: December 2020

Within the business context, the study of the innovator’s personal traits is a fundamental analysis to be carried out in order to understand in a complete way howthe innovation process takes place and find out which traits are necessary to make ithappen. Based on the five-factor model, this work explores how personality traits arerelated to successful ways to innovate and provides a contemporary example analysisby studying one of the nowadays most innovative personalities: Elon Musk. By comparing the five-factor model with this concrete experimental case, conclusions will be drawn on the effectiveness of the model by proposing a possible interpretation of the five-factors model from a practical perspective.
Is "Latino" useful? Diversity, commonality, and politics
Authors: Licea Ricardo
Published: December 2020

The Latino classification is distinct from all other racial or ethnic classifications employed in the United States as it is not based on shared physical appearance or geographical origin, instead Latinos are those who hail from a portion of the territories that once belonged to the Spanish Empire regardless of their ancestry or physical appearance. The diversity within the Latino classification means that it is unclear what is being measured when the Latino classification is used to conduct science. Regardless of the Latino classification's usefulness for science the Latino classification has been defended for its usefulness in helping redress the consequences of racism against Latinos. However, the ultimate cause of this discrimination is that most Latinos have a non‐White appearance making the Latino classification a poor proxy for any effort to address racism. The solution is not to return to the classification system that existed prior to the creation of the Latino classification but to instead adopt more granular classifications employed in Latin America such as Mestizo and Mulatto. This will allow for a more detailed study of discrimination and the redirection of resources to those most in need.
Maximizing the effectiveness of national commitments to protected area expansion for conserving biodiversity and ecosystem carbon under climate change.
Authors: Carroll Carlos , Ray Justina
Published: December 2020

Global commitments to protected area expansion should prioritize opportunities to protect climate refugia and ecosystems which store high levels of irrecoverable carbon, as key components of an effective response to biodiversity loss and climate change. The United States and Canada are responsible for one-sixth of global greenhouse gas emissions but hold extensive natural ecosystems that store globally-significant above- and below-ground carbon. Canada has initiated a process of protected area network expansion in concert with efforts at reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples, and acknowledged nature-based solutions as a key aspect of climate change mitigation. The US, although not a party to global biodiversity conventions, has recently committed to protecting 30% of its extent by 2030 and achieving the UNFCCC Paris Agreement’s mitigation targets. The opportunities afforded by these dual biodiversity conservation and climate commitments require coordinated national and regional policies to ensure that new protected areas maximize biodiversity-focused adaptation and nature-based mitigation opportunities. We address how global commitments can best inform national policy initiatives which build on existing agency mandates for regional planning and species conservation. Previous analyses of global conservation priorities under climate change have been tenuously linked to policy contexts of individual nations and have lacked information on refugia due to limitations of globally available datasets. Comparison and synthesis of predictions from a range of recently-developed refugia metrics allow such data to inform planning despite substantial uncertainty arising from contrasting model assumptions and inputs. A case study for endangered species planning for old-forest-associated species in the US Pacific Northwest demonstrates how regional planning can be nested hierarchically within national biodiversity-focused adaptation and nature-based mitigation strategies which integrate refugia, connectivity, and ecosystem carbon metrics to holistically evaluate the role of different land designations and where carbon mitigation and protection of biodiversity’s resilience to climate change can be aligned.
PERASAAN INSECURE PADA MASA COVID-19 MENGAKIBATKAN MARAKNYA ORANG MENJUAL PRODUK KECANTIKAN
Authors: RAHMAH RIEZKA ANNISA
Published: December 2020

Dalam hal ini, saya ingin membahas tentang perasaan insecure yang kebanyakan mengarah pada perbandingan kecantikan yang muncul pada masa Covid-19. Perasaan insecure banyak dialami para wanita-wanita muda, dan juga insecure ini kurang lebih saja dengan perasaan tidak percaya diri. Oleh karena itu, para wanita berlomba-lomba untuk merawat wajahnya hingga banyak sekali orang menjual produk-produk kecantikan karena hal tersebut. Insecure berawal dari tren kecantikan yang di sebut “glowing” dan juga “glow up”, karena kebanyakan para influencer, seleb, dan lainnya memperlihatkan wajah yang mulus tanpa jerawat, pori-pori dan tampak bercahaya. Kemudian para wanita mulai iri dengan wajah yang terawat tersebut hingga mulai bertanya-tanya tentang produk apa yang telah digunakan, sampai akhirnya semakin banyak wanita yang memperlihatkan kecantikan wajahnya dan sebagian wanita yang memiliki permasalahan wajah yang sulit sembuh pun merasa insecure atau tidak percaya diri.
Nutritional Value with Quality of Late Season Cauliflower Varieties in Terai Region of Nepal
Authors: Giri Hom Nath
Published: December 2020

An experiment was carried out to assess the nutritional value along with quality of curds in late season cauliflower varieties at Rampur, Chitwan during November 2017 to March, 2018. The eleven late season cauliflower varieties were Freedom, Titan, Ravella, Amazing, Artica, Bishop, Casper, Indam 9803, NS 106, Snow Mystique and Snowball 16 which were introduced from USA, Europe, India and Nepal. The experiment was prepared in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications. The main objective of this study was to check the nutritional content, taste, compactness, appearance and freshness of the curds in eleven late season cauliflower varieties at Rampur, Chitwan. Nutritional value along with taste quality, compactness, appearance and freshness of the curds were measured after harvest. Maximum moisture and carbohydrate content was found in Freedom while higher crude fat was obtained in Titan and Bishop. Similarly, higher crude protein and crude fiber was found in NS 106. Significantly better taste score (8.8) was found in Snowball 16 than other varieties. Better compactness score of curd was found in Artica and Titan than other varieties. Significantly better appearance score (8.0) was found in Artica but poor appearance score was found in Casper than other varieties. At different intervals after harvesting of curds, significantly fresher curds were found in Artica than other varieties. In conclusion, NS 106 performed higher content of crude protein and crude fiber while Snowball 16 executed better tasty curds than other varieties. Artica also showed better performance on freshness of curds than other varieties.

Int. J. Appl. Sci. Biotechnol. Vol 8(4): 427-431
Editorial Vol.4(2)
Authors: Sapkota Kumar
Published: December 2020

No abstract available.