bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1984 James B. Macelwane Awards
Authors: Kelley Michael C. , Mozer Forrest S. , Parks George K. , Hudson Mary K. , Johnson Lane , Jeanloz Raymond , Gilbert J. Freeman , Woodhouse John H.
Published: October 2011

Mary Hudson is being honored as one of the 1984 James B. Macelwane award winners because her theoretical research on the microphysics of magnetospheric plasmas has been at the forefront of the field, has inspired many experimental and theoretical studies, and has stimulated her colleagues and students.

From her earliest work as a graduate student, Mary has displayed a pronounced talent for recognizing a challenging problem, understanding the experimental data, formulating a theoretical approach, theoretically interpreting the data, and working with experimentalists on the consequences of her theory. Her Ph.D. research, on the equatorial Rayleigh‐Taylor instability, called Equatorial Spread F, was undertaken on her own initiative and produced a sophisticated collisional, linear instability analysis which showed that drift waves play an important role in this phenomenon. Her collaborations with experimentalists verified this result and led to an analytic nonlinear solution for the evolution of two‐dimensional plasma bubbles that are now known to occur in Equatorial Spread F.
Scott E. Forbush 1904”1984
Authors: Pomerantz Martin A.
Published: October 2011

Scott E. Forbush, a pioneer in cosmic ray research, was the quintessential geophysicist's geophysicist. Until, on the eve of his 80th birthday, he succumbed to pneumonia, he maintained an abiding interest in the continued reliable operation of the three remaining cosmic ray ionization chambers of the worldwide network that he had set up in the mid 1930s. No one could have predicted, when the first instrument at Cheltenham, Md. commenced operation in 1936, that Forbush was destined to discover most of the important multifarious time variations of cosmic rays that were accessible to his classic detectors
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following conference committee has been tentatively announced for the coming weeks by the Senate and House of Representatives. For additional information, all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, April 17, 1984, p. 159).

TBA: Conference on the Export Adminstration Act reauthorization (S. 979), including information flow and the impact on science (Eos, June 26, 1984, p. 412). The bill was introduced by John Heinz (R‐Pa.). Time and room to be announced (note: conference scheduled for July 31 was canceled).
GEOSCOPE: A French initiative in long‐period three‐component global seismic networks
Authors: Romanowicz Barbara , Cara Michel , Fel Jean François , Rouland Daniel
Published: October 2011

Progress in long‐period seismology has been considerable in the past few years, owing to the availability of digital data from well‐calibrated worldwide instruments. The very long period International Deployment of Accelerometers (IDA) network [Agnew et al., 1976] has provided many new measurements concerning both earth structure and seismic source studies and demonstrated the usefulness of sparse global digital networks. The broadband Global Digital Seismographic Network (GDSN) network has given access to a large quantity of data whose exploitation can be readily automatized.

Both networks have their shortcomings, however, now expressed in the desire of many U.S. scientists to develop a new global digital network better adapted to present requirements of geophysical research. In the very long period domain (periods from about 100s to 1 hour), the IDA network only records the vertical component of ground motion, making information from horizontally excited modes of the earth unavailable. It also saturates the first Rayleigh wave trains from the largest earthquakes, causing a loss of data on direct source station paths, regrettable both for source and structure studies. The GDSN network suffers from some nonlinearity problems and, above all, the inadequacy of instrument responses for present needs of seismologists: The Seismic Research Observatories (SRO) network [Peterson and Orsini, 1976], which is the main constituent of GDSN, was designed mainly for discrimination between earthquakes and nuclear explosions.
Implementing the peer review process in AGU publications
Authors: Baum P. J.
Published: October 2011

Recently, Russell and Reiff [1984] presented a flow‐diagram analysis of the AGU publication process indicating how publication delays naturally occur. Perhaps because o f space limitations, their diagram did not include some important control statements. For example, according to their diagram, all manuscripts are either published or enter an endless loop. In fact, many papers end up elsewhere: As fish wrappers, in filing cabinets, or in non‐AGU publications. (Accepted papers can end up in the same places, but they have the advantage of having been published in an AGU journal.) Significantly, the number of times the paper passes through the submission‐refereeing loop (NJ) is not just journal dependent. NJ also depends inversely on nD, the density of Dogma in the paper. We are concerned with the publication process also and are motivated by reports that NJ is unusually large in the case of certain distinguished colleagues, particularly when introducing new concepts or criticizing older approaches. Some suggestions are offered here to speed publication and consequently to assist in the smoother functioning of the scientific method in geophysics.
Recent Ph.D.s
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos periodically lists information on recently accepted doctoral dissertations in the disciplines of geophysics. Faculty members are invited to submit the following information, on institution letterhead, above the signature of the faculty advisor or department chairman
New Drilling Core Facility
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A new Department of Energy (DOE) facility, dedicated to curating samples, cores, and other materials obtained under the Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CSDP), will become available early in 1985 in Grand Junction, Colo. The facility will be operated by DOE in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey and the National Science Foundation. The three agencies are working together on continental scientific drilling in the United States under their formally adopted Interagency Accord on Scientific Drilling.

From the time they are gathered at the drill site, these samples and routine logging data will be protected under Curatorial Policy Guidelines and Procedures. These guidelines and procedures are intended to provide maximum sample study opportunity, to preserve samples for future study, and to ensure longrange continuing service to the principle investigator and to the geoscience community.
European High‐Pressure Research Conference
Authors: Jeanloz Raymond
Published: October 2011

The European High Pressure Research Group held its 22nd meeting September 11–14 at Aussois, France, located in the French Alps east of Grenoble. This was a lively meeting which included 120 researchers from throughout Europe, North America, and Asia. The emphasis was mainly on physics and chemistry at high pressures, but one of the half‐day sessions was specifically devoted to geophysics and planetary physics. In addition, much of the discussion throughout the meeting raised issues that are of interest to those in mineral physics and experimental geophysics. The proceedings, which will be published in the Journal de Physique‐Colloque, should appear in 1985, and a few highlights are described here.
A practical motor‐sailing research platform
Authors: Van Leer John C.
Published: October 2011

The oceanographic community is at work on the orderly replacement of its aging fleet. The University National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) Fleet Replacement Committee, chaired by Bob Dinsmore, is coordinating the effort, which is now in Phase I and includes studies of eight conceptual designs: two conventional general‐purpose ships, two Small Water Plane Area Twin Hull (SWATH) ships, two specialized geology and geophysics ships, one sail‐assisted ship, and one ship of innovative design. A community‐wide workshop will be held in January, 1985, to report on the progress of Phase I. After this workshop and its reviews, Phase II of the replacement plan will consider detailed design studies for a subset of the eight original concepts.
OTA Congressional Fellowship
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) is seeking qualified candidates from academia, industry, and government for its Congressional Fellowship Program for 1985–1986. The program, similar to AGU's Congressional Fellowship Program, provides an opportunity for individuals who have demonstrated outstanding ability to gain a better understanding of the science and technology issues facing Congress and the ways in which Congress establishes national policy related to these issues.
Climate: History, periodicity, and predictability
Authors: Rampino Michael R.
Published: October 2011

Only a few years ago, extraterrestrial forcing of the earth's climate machine was considered a model of last resort, to be used only when all other mechanisms, internal or stochastic, failed. With the general acceptance of the Milankovich orbital model of climate fluctuations on the 104‐ to 105‐year time scale has come a lessening of the reluctance to discuss external mechanisms as factors in climate change. This was apparent at a recent conference entitled Climate: History, Periodicity, and Predictability (in honor of Rhodes W. Fairbridge on his 70th birthday) held May 21–23, 1984, at Barnard College of Columbia University, New York City, which brought together 80 specialists from at least 12 countries. At this conference, discussions of causal mechanisms ranged from the purely terrestrial to those involving the sun and moon, the dynamics of the solar system, and even the rhythms of the galaxy.
Intersocietal Committee on Instrumentation
Authors: Doe Bruce R.
Published: October 2011

As a result of a study by a subcommittee of the Geological Sciences Division of the National Academy of Sciences/National Research Council, an Intersocietal Committee on Instrumentation in Geochemistry and Mineralogy was formed in 1983. The three societies involved are the Geochemical Society, the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section of the American Geophysical Union, and the Mineralogical Society of America. As a contribution to this committee, the U.S. Geological Survey conducted a working group in January 1984 to develop a strategy for adoption of accelerator mass spectrometry by the earth sciences. The report of this working group (B. R. Doe et al., A strategy for adoption of accelerator mass spectrometry by the earth sciences, U.S. Geol. Surv. Open File Rep. 84‐664, 38 pp., 1984) has now been published. The conclusions are as follows.
Groundwater as a Geomorphic Agent
Authors: Newman William A.
Published: October 2011

This volume is the proceedings of the 13th Annual Geomorphology Symposium, an extension of the Binghamton Series, held at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, N. Y., September 1982. A preface by the editor (R. G. LaFleur) provides an introduction to the volume and short commentaries on each of the 15 papers. The primary emphasis is on geochemistry, aquifer simulation, and land‐form development of karst terrains (nine papers). A potpourri of other topics, including rates of soil formation, landform development by groundwater outflow, and potential effects of acid rain on glaciated terrain (six papers), completes the volume.
Environemental Planning Quarterly
Authors: Anderson Mary P.
Published: October 2011

The Environmental Planning Quarterly is a publication of the Environmental Planning Division of the American Planning Association (APA). Its current editor is G. William Page (Department of Urban Planning, University of Wisconsin‐Milwaukee). A recent issue included a feature article on forest management in the state of Washington and several lengthy and informative news items about activities of the Environmental Protection Agency related to groundwater contamination and hazardous waste. Other news items contained information on air pollution and acid rain as well as on surface water pollution. Subscriptions can be obtained by writing to the Environmental Planning Division. American Planning Association, Lock Box 97774, Chicago, IL 60690. Annual fees are as follows: $ 15 (APA member), $25 (affiliate), $5 (student), $30 (subscribing).
Landsat commercialization
Authors: Robb David W.
Published: October 2011

After months of discussions between the Department of Commerce and the President's Office of Management and Budget (OMB) over specific terms of a contract to transfer the land remote sensing satellite (Landsat) system to a private operator, the administration made its position public last week, confirming reports that OMB is not willing to compromise. The position, released in the fiscal year 1986 budget request of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), states that money will not be provided for transfer of the Landsat system to a private operator “unless a fixed price contract is accepted that provides at a minimum, the development, manufacture, launch, and operation of two satellites that together provide at least 6 years of service for not more than $250 million in subsidy.” NOAA currently operates Landsat.
AGU elects 17 Fellows
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Seventeen distinguished scientists have been elected Fellows of AGU. The total number of Fellows elected each year may not exceed 0.1% of the total membership at the time of election.
Key Congressional Committee assignments
Authors: Robb David W.
Published: October 2011

Here is a list of assignments to committees in the 99th Congress that have direct jurisdiction in geophysics. Assignments to Senate subcommittees had not been made as Eos went to press.

Letters to Senate committees should be addressed to the committee, U.S. Senate, Washington, DC 20510; letters to House committees should be addressed to the committee, U.S. House of Representatives, Washington, DC 20515. Initial contacts with committee and subcommittee staff may be valuable. For additional guidelines on contacting a member of Congress or congressional staff, see “AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts” (Eos, August 28, 1984, p. 669)
Meers Fault
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

A 26‐km‐long fault in southwest Oklahoma that has long been thought to be in active may instead turn out to be a relatively young fault. Primarily because of the lack of evidence indicating recent or historical earthquake activity, the Meers Fault, located near the Witchita Mountains and first mapped in the 1960s, was thought to have been inactive for as long as 300 million years. New data, however, suggests that the fault may have slipped within at least the last 10,000 years and possibly more recently (see Figure 1).
FACTS: The Florida Atlantic Coast Transport Study
Authors: Maul George A.
Published: October 2011

As a result of concerns expressed by the State of Florida regarding possible effects from oil, gas, and mineral mining activities that result from the July 1983 lease sale in the offing of the southeastern United States, a 2‐year physical oceanographic study has been initiated off the Florida east coast. The program is supported by the Minerals Management Service (MMS) of the U.S. Department of the Interior and is administered by the Florida Institute of Oceanography (FIO) at the University of Southern Florida, St. Petersburg. With pun intended, the program is known as FACTS and is nestled both in time and space between the NOAA/ONR‐supported Subtropical Atlantic Climate Study (STACS) to the south [Molinari, 1983] and the MMS‐supported South Atlantic Bight (SAB) program to the north [Lee, 1983]. The area of interest is shown in Figure 1.
Tuff above “Lucy” Older than expected
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

A poster paper presented at the AGU Spring Meeting offers evidence that the fossil specimen of Australopithecus afarensis known as “Lucy” may be older than had been previously thought. Many anthropologists consider “Lucy” a pivotal find in tracing the evolution of our species.
Rising lake threatens area
Authors: Katzoff Judith A.
Published: October 2011

The Great Salt Lake may have become too great for Salt Lake City's good: The lake has risen more than 2 m in the last 2 years, causing millions of dollars in damage to the surrounding area, according to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). Officials in Utah are now contemplating drastic measures—including pumping water from the lake into the desert some 48 km away—to bring the lake down to size.
Solar wind‐magnetosphere coupling
Authors: Kamide Y. , Slavin J.
Published: October 2011

An AGU Chapman Conference on Solar Wind‐Magnetosphere Coupling was held at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) of the California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, February 12–15, 1985. There were 95 scientific papers presented at the meeting, and 135 participants were registered.

The interaction between the solar wind and the earth's magnetic field creates a large magnetic cavity that is termed the magnetosphere. Energy derived from the solar wind and subsequently transferred to the inner magnetosphere is the primary source of various dynamic processes in the magnetosphere and also of many interesting phenomena observable from the earth's surface, such as magnetic and auroral substorms. The purpose of this conference was to bring together scientists from all areas of solar terrestrial physics, both theoretical and experimental, to promote the study of “coupling” among the different regions of the geosphere.
Upcoming hearings in Congress
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The following hearing has been tentatively scheduled by the Senate. The date and time should be verified with the committee holding the hearing; all offices on Capitol Hill may be reached by telephoning 202‐224‐3121. For guidelines on contacting a member of Congress, see AGU's Guide to Legislative Information and Contacts (Eos, August 28, 1984, p.669).
Indo‐American Fellowships
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Indo‐U.S. Subcommission on Education and Culture is offering 12 long‐term (6–10 months)and 9 short‐term (2–3 months) awards for research in India in 1987–1988. The fellowship program seeks to open new channels of communication between academic and professional groups in the United States and India and to encourage a wider range of research activity between the two countries than now exists, according to an announcement by the Council for International Exchange of Scholars (CIES ), which administers this program. Grants will be available in all academic disciplines except clinical medicine. Scholars and professionals with limited or no prior experience in India are especially encouraged to apply.
Gyre interactions: Report of a WOCE Planning Meeting
Authors: Guinasso Norman
Published: October 2011

Gyre interactions and methods with which they might be studied during the World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) was the topic of a meeting held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, Mass., on April 7–9, 1986. This was one of five topical meetings held in 1986 under the auspices of the U.S. Science Steering Committe for WOCE.

The concept of oceanic gyres forms the basis for knowledge of the large‐scale circulation. Although a general consensus was reached that tracers such as salinity, oxygen, heat, and potential vorticity are homogenized in both wind‐driven surface gyres and abyssal gyres, there was no agreement on the underlying mechanisms. It was felt that a field experiment should be performed during WOCE to examine this and other gyre‐related issues.
Multiagency VLBI Correlator Facility opens
Authors: Carter William E.
Published: October 2011

A new $1.2 million facility to process geodetic Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observational data was dedicated August 25, 1986, at the U.S. Naval Observatory headquarters, Washington, D.C., by representatives of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL), the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO), and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The new facility will provide timely correlation of the data tapes produced by the POLARIS (Polar (Motion) Analysis by Radio Interferometric Surveying) earth orientation monitoring network. The new facility will also be used to process VLBI data collected by the NASA Crustal Dynamics Project (CDP) and by NRL and USNO programs in astrometry and basic research.
New U.S. Absolute Gravity Program
Authors: Peter George , Moose Robert E. , Beruff Raul B.
Published: October 2011

The National Geodetic Survey of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA/NGS) and the Hydrographic and Topographic Center of the Defense Mapping Agency (DMA/HTC) began a program of very accurate measurements of the earth's gravity field in December 1986. The primary purposes of the program are to establish and maintain a high‐accuracy nationwide absolute gravity reference network and to support research in geophysics and geodynamics.
The Caribbean Sheets and Layers Transects (C‐SALT) Program
Authors: Schmitt Raymond W.
Published: October 2011

C‐SALT (Caribbean Sheets and Layers Transects) was a combined mesoscale, fine structure, and microstructure survey of the strong thermohaline staircase found in the tropical North Atlantic east of Barbados. This area lies at the confluence of the high‐salinity subtropical underwater at 150 m depth and the fresh Antarctic intermediate water at 750 m depth. The superposition of these two extrema gives rise to a very strong destabilizing vertical salinity gradient that can drive salt finger convection. During spring and fall 1985 the C‐SALT field program found an area of over 1 million km2, with staircase layering. The 5–30‐m‐thick layers were found to have horizontal coherence scales of hundreds of kilometers and revealed consistent temperature and salinity changes within layers. Tracer data imply enhanced vertical fluxes in the staircase relative to nearby regions; however, microstructure measurements indicate that the salt fingers were rather weak, at least in the fall. Direct shadowgraph observations suggest that the fingers were strongly tilted by the modest shears between layers. These results will require revisions in current models of salt fingering, but should contribute substantially to the goal of parameterizing the double‐diffusive mixing processes.
Council actions
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The AGU Council and Executive Committee met on May 19, 1987, in Baltimore, Md., during the 1987 AGU Spring Meeting. All Council members except the Foreign Secretary were present. A number of section secretaries, committee chairmen, editors, interested members, and staff also attended. The primary actions of Council are outlined below.
1987 Spring Meeting Report
Authors: Harrison Christopher G. A.
Published: October 2011

The Spring Meeting was considerably larger than last year (1986), with an increase of almost 150 papers presented and attendance of 2577. It appeared that there was considerably less crowding in the meeting rooms, mainly because we avoided using some of the very small rooms in the Convention Center. A corollary of this was that the poster sessions were placed away from the refreshments and exhibits and placed in some of the very small rooms. We will await results of the questionnaire before deciding whether this was deemed a success, but verbal expressions ranged from highly positive to very condemnatory, as might be expected for any significant change.
NASA calls for SIR‐C Proposals
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has announced that it will accept proposals for basic and applied research based on remote sensing data collected by a new generation of Spaceborn Imaging Radar (SIR) satellites. The new project, the Shuttle Imaging Radar‐C (SIR‐C) program, is due to be launched in February 1991 and July 1992 and will be flown in conjunction with an X band remote sensing system from the West German Bundeministerium fur Forschung und Technologie (BMFT) and the Italian Consiglio Nationale delle Ricerche (CNR).

NASA will solicit SIR‐C data analysis proposals that require NASA funding, as well as those that simply require access to the data. The SIR‐C represents an improvement over earlier Shuttle Imaging Radars (SIR‐A and B) in its ability to acquire images simultaneously at more than one wavelength. The new version also accomodates experiments that require multitemporal coverage. More detailed information may be obtained from Miriam Baltuck, Code EEL, NASA Headquarters, Washington DC 20546. Letters of intent for propoals are due to NASA by August 21, 1987.
Active hydrothermal mounds in the Okinawa back‐arc trough
Authors: Uyeda Sieya
Published: October 2011

In the Okinawa Trough , which is the backarc basin of the Ryukyu arc, active extensional tectonics has been identified from graben morphology, shallow earthquakes characteristic of normal faults, extremely high heat flow, and young volcanism. However, except for the southernmost part, the back‐arc seafloor spreading stage has probably not been attained, because the axial part of the trough lacks the clear magnetic signature and oceanic crust associated with seafloor spreading and because the water depth is too shallow.

Several research projects have been conducted in the basin; the Japanese Lithosphere Research Cruise (R/V Wakashio‐Maru), Hydrographic Department Cruise (R/V Takuyo), French VAMP cruise (R/V Jean‐Charcot), and German‐Japanese Joint Cruise (R/V Sonne) were in 1984. Results indicate that the trough is probably still in a stretching to rifting stage.
Union candidates
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Eos has been carrying biographies and photographs of all candidates for President‐Elect of the Union and for President‐Elect and Secretary of each section. Statements by the candidates for Union and Section Presidents‐Elect appear below. The material for the Planetology Section appeared in the September 8 issue, that for the Geodesy Section in the September 15 issue, that for the Volcanology, Geochemistry, and Petrology Section and that for the Atmospheric Sciences Section in the September 22 issue, that for the Seismology and Ocean Sciences sections in the September 29 issue. The material for the Geomagnetism and Paleomagnetism and the Solar‐Planetary Relationships sections appeared in the October 6 issue, that for the Hydrology Section was in the October 20 issue, and that for the Tectonophysics Section appeared in the October 27 issue. The slate of candidates for all offices appeared in Eos on June 16, 1987.
NRC funding available for 1988
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The National Research Council (NRC) is inviting applications from scientists and engineers who would like to receive funding under the NRC's Resident, Cooperative, and Postdoctoral Research Associateship Program in 1988. Each interested Ph.D. scientist can apply for $27,150 to $35,000 per year to conduct his or her own research at and on behalf of one of 28 host laboratories in the United States.

Approximately 450 associateships will be awarded in 1988; each can be held for 1 or 2 years, although it may be possible for senior researchers to obtain shorter‐term grants. Most of the associateships are available to both U.S. and non‐U.S. nationals. Three competitions will be held for the associateships in 1988. The deadlines for postmarking of applications are January 15, 1988 (December 15, 1987 for National Aeronautics and Space Administration), April 15, 1988, and August 15, 1988.
Geophysical events
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

This is a summary of SEAN Bulletin, 72 (10), October 31, 1987, a publication of the Smith sonian Institution's Scientific Event Alert Network. The complete bulletin is available in the micro fiche edition of Eos as a microfiche supplement or as a paper reprint. For the microfiche, order document E87‐011 at $2.50(U.S.) from AGU Customer Services, 2000 Florida Avenue, N. W., Washington, DC 20009. For the paper reprint, order SEAN Bulletin (giving volume and issue numbers and issue date) through AGU Separates at the above address; the price is $3.50 for one copy of each issue number for those who do not have a deposit account, $2 for those who do; additional copies of each issue number are $1. Subscriptions to SEAN Bulletin are available from AGU Fulfillmentat the above address; the price is $18 for 12 monthly issues mailed to a U. S. address, $28 if mailed else where, and must be prepaid.
In Memoriam
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Benjamin L. Snavely, a member of the Ocean Sciences section since 1948, died March 16. He was 82

Harvey O. Westby, 85, a member of the Hydrology section since 1937, died in January.
Fulbright Awards
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

The Council for International Exchange of Scholars is currently accepting applications from scholars in all academic disciplines for research and university teaching in Africa, Asia, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union and the Middle East. Deadline is September 15, 1989. Requirements are U.S. citizenship, a Ph.D. or other terminal degree, and university or college teaching experience. Contact CIES, 3400 International Drive N.W., Suite M‐500, Washington, DC 20008‐3087; tel. 202–686–7866.
Scientific proposals for a continuing scientific drilling program in the Valles‐Toledo Caldera Complex
Authors: Heiken Grant
Published: October 2011

The Valles‐Toledo caldera complex is famous as the site of early research on caldera formation and for its caldera‐hosted, high‐temperature geothermal system. Scientific drilling in the west half of the complex, sponsored by the Office of Basic Energy Services of the Department of Energy (DOE), is part of a long‐term program to answer basic questions about caldera formation processes, silicic volcanism, high‐temperature hydrothermal systems, and volcanogenic ore bodies.

A DOE workshop to evaluate the drilling was held October 18–20, 1989, in Los Alamos, N. Mex.; about 50 scientists came. The purpose was to review the progress of research and to consider the scientific merit of continuing corehole drilling as proposed in the original scientific management plan [Goff and Nielson, 1986]. At the end of the first day, a long discussion was held to determine if results so far justified the expense of continuing the program. The answer was unequivocal: Yes. The next question was, Where should the next corehole be located?
AGU scholars
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Scholars for the 1989–90 academic year. They are among the recipients of scholarships ranging from $500 to $2,000 under the American Geological Institute (AGI) Minority Participation Program. This designation recognizes AGU's continued strong support and substantial contributions to this program. Part of the support for this program comes from a matching grant from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations Sea Grant Program, which is aimed at increasing the number of minority students studying in fields related to the development of marine and coastal resources.
AGU on hydrological science
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Hydrologists and other scientists expressed concern that progress in hydrology is impeded by a lack of programmatic focus within the National Science Foundation. In response to the concern, AGU president Don Anderson appointed a panel to assess the situation and to recommend an appropriate AGU position on this issue. The report of the panel was considered at the Fall meeting of the Council and approved as the formal Union position. Subsequently, it was transmitted to Robert Corell, head of the NSF Geosciences Directorate, for consideration. The position itself is given below.

Hydrologic Science Within the NSF—A Position Statement: AGU recommends that NSF take steps to establish a unified program in hydrologic science that is commensurate with the importance of water in Earth processes at all scales.
AGU sponsors Latin American Geophysicists' U.S. visit
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

To facilitate interaction between Latin American geoscientists and members of the U.S. scientific community, AGU provides support for Latin American (Mexican, Central, and South American) AGU members on university or research institute faculties to travel to the U.S. for short scientific visits. These visits of about 1 month's length include attendance at an AGU national meeting and the opportunity to visit universities and government laboratories appropriate to each scientist's disciplinary interests.
“Groundwater hydrology” is redundant
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

While in the Netherlands a few months ago, I mentioned “groundwater hydrology” to a very well‐educated, very literary, and non‐hydrologic old friend. She shuddered and told me in no uncertain words that this was a horrible term, completely redundant like a round circle, or as the linguists call it, a pleonasm. This is, of course, because hydrology already means water science (from the Greek words udor, or hydor for water, and logos for science), so that groundwater hydrology really stands for groundwater water science, and surface water hydrology for surface water science.

These are pleonasms of the first kind and insults to any language purist, which all of us should strive to be! So I propose that henceforth groundwater hydrology be called subterranean hydrology. Other possibilities would be subsurface hydrology, but this sounds too shallow, or underground hydrology, which, however, could give the impression of some clandestine activity. Besides, subterranean hydrology would be in keeping with the words for groundwater in Latin‐based languages (eau souterrain in French, acqua sotierranea in Italian, and aguas subterraneas in Spanish). Also, subterranean hydrology includes the vadose zone, which, of course, groundwater hydrology as such does not. Surface water hydrology would simply be called surface hydrology, and anything above that atmospheric hydrology.
Surprisingly destructive tsunamis challenge conventional wisdom
Authors: Wakefield J.
Published: October 2011

A single outlier is just that. But when a string of data anomalies crop up, it is probably time to rethink a conventional model or theory.

In the past 2 years, there have been a series of four modest‐sized earthquakes that have produced tsunamis with surprisingly high runups of 3–9 m. Modern models predicted much smaller forms of the destructive waves—which typically travel at speeds of nearly 800 km an hour—than those that actually hit the shores of Nicaragua, Indonesia, and Japan during the past couple years.
Philosophical windfall
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

In the first national science policy statement in 15 years, the White House trumpeted that it plans to increase science and technology spending by 15% to bring the United States in step with spending levels of Japan and Germany, or at about 3% of the gross domestic product. However, the administration didn't hand out any specific time frame or plan for doing so. At any rate, the news may allay some fears in the science community that science might get the short end of the so‐called peacetime windfall from the end of the Cold War, which by many accounts was the driving force behind federal support of research for the last 50 years.
Coming to America
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

According to the National Survey of College Graduates, first‐generation immigrants to the United States make up a significant portion of America's science community. Men and women born outside the United States comprise 9.8% of all American adults with bachelor of science degrees and 23% of those with doctorates in science. Of those American scientists specifically engaged in research and development, 28% originally came from other nations.

Among Americans educated in geoscience, immigrants hold 5.2% of the bachelor's degrees, 9.7% of master's and technical degrees, and 16.8% of the Ph.D.s.
MtPE wants big ideas for small craft
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

As part of the restructuring of the Mission to Planet Earth, NASA is soliciting ideas for a new series of small satellite missions that would conduct experiments and make observations not already built into the program. The new Earth System Science Pathfinder (ESSP) program will be designed to incorporate the latest technology and research into focused experiments in earth system science, conducted via small spacecraft. Each mission is expected to cost less than $100 million from start to finish and should launch within 36 months after being awarded. Each project would be managed by its principal investigator.
Watershed Hydrology, 2nd Edition
Authors: Loaiciga Hugo A.
Published: October 2011

Watershed Hydrology, 2nd edition is based on a fundamental precept: “What occurs in the stream cannot be considered independently of what occurs on the watershed.” This book is definitely of an introductory nature. It does an excellent job in explaining the “why” of watershed hydrology, but it is not the place to look for “how” to apply hydrologic theory for the purpose of watershed management. It is in this aspect that this book departs most radically from the many books about engineering hydrology that are on the market.
Invest in sunblock
Authors: Carlowicz Michael
Published: October 2011

According to data gathered by the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) on NASA's Nimbus‐7 satellite, the amount of ultraviolet radiation reaching the surface of Earth from the Sun has increased as the total amount of ozone in the atmosphere has decreased over the past 15 years.

“The increases are largest in the middle and high latitudes, where most people live and most of the world's agricultural activity occurs,” said Jay Herman, an atmospheric scientist at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center. According to Herman and colleagues, since 1978 the average annual exposure to ultraviolet B radiation (in the 290–320‐nm range) has increased by 6.8% per decade at 55°N latitude, crossing the United Kingdom, Germany, Scandinavia, and Russia. At 55°S, cutting across southern Argentina and Chile, ultraviolet exposure increased 9.8% per decade. The change in UV‐B radiation in most of North America was about 4% per decade.
Iron age in oceanography
Authors: Coale Kenneth H. , Worsfold Paul , de Baar Hein
Published: October 2011

This last decade of the millennium could rightly be called the iron age in oceanography. The last quarter of this century has witnessed a revolution in our understanding of trace metal distributions in the world's oceans, and iron has changed more about how we think about ocean production and carbon cycling than any other element. The revolution has come about through the application of clean water sampling devices, stringent anticontamination methods, and the development of new analytical techniques. As detection limits have been reduced, the concentrations, distributions, and behavior of trace metals were revealed, like the curtain lifting on a geochemical drama. Iron plays a leading role.
Honors
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Amid last year's frantic congressional deal‐making to fund the U.S. government for the fiscal year 1999, Senator Richard Shelby (Republican from Alabama) slipped a small provision into the end‐of‐year omnibus appropriations bill that could have large implications for researchers. Now part of Public Law 105‐277, Shelby's rider is intended “…to require Federal awarding agencies to ensure that all data produced under an award will be made available to the public through the procedures established under the Freedom of Information Act.” The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is a law enacted in 1966 that allows any citizen to request documents from federal agencies in the United States.
Multidisciplinary ice tank study shedding new light on sea ice growth processes
Authors: Haas Christian , Cottier Finlo , Smedsrud Lars H. , Thomas David , Buschmann Ulrich , Dethleff Dirk , Gerland Sebastian , Giannelli Virginia , Hoelemann Jens , Tison Jean‐Louis , Wadhams Peter
Published: October 2011

A multidisciplinary ice tank study, involving an international team of scientists, is shedding new light on sea ice growth processes. New findings have been made on brine distribution, on the fate of dissolved organic compounds during ice growth, and on sediment entrainment through frazil ice formation. For example, it was found that there is considerable brine migration out of and into brine channels during a freeze‐melt‐refreeze cycle. The study, known as INTERICE II, also is providing quantitative data for future modeling and analyses.
Slick oil advances
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: October 2011

Technological innovations in oil and gas exploration and production during the past 30 years have led to increased efficiency and environmental benefits, according to an October 5 report issued by the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Fossil Energy.

With these innovations, it now takes 22,000 fewer wells annually to develop the same amount of oil and gas reserves as it did in 1985, according to the report. In addition, fewer wells translate into less drilling waste. As much as 148 million barrels of drilling wastes annually are avoided due to increased well productivity at fewer sites, the report estimates. Industry advances also are leading to a reduction in the “footprint” of well pads and in the area cleared for drilling operations.
Paleo postings
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: October 2011

A new Web site will help to satisfy the thirst for information about drought. The U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has created a site called North American Drought: A Paleo Perspective, which is a sibling to another NOAA Web site, A Paleo Perspective on Global Warming.

Both sites are packed with information about their topic areas and have links to a number of other sites.
NASA outlines upcoming Mars missions
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: October 2011

The U.S. National Air and Space Administration (NASA) outlined on October 26 an ambitious program to explore Mars over the next 2 decades.

The program includes 6 major missions during the current decade, and a series of science orbiters, rovers, and landers planned for the second decade.
Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary (Second Edition)
Authors: Thompson Lonnie G.
Published: October 2011

Paleoclimatology: Reconstructing Climates of the Quaternary is the second edition of Quaternary Paleoclimatology, long considered an excellent text for students in the emerging field of paleoclimate reconstruction. The new edition is a well‐written update that expands on the earlier compilation, and like its predecessor, is one of the most comprehensive overview and reference books in its field.

Using just enough detailed discussion, Bradley describes a wide variety of climate records and includes the latest techniques used to reconstruct Quaternary climate. The comprehensive nature of this book can be discerned by browsing through the bibliography that covers 82 pages and contains over 1700 references.
In Memoriam
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

Naoshi Fukushima, 78, 25 June 2003, Retired Life Member and AGU Fellow, Magnetospheric Physics, 1960.
Honors
Authors: Anonymous
Published: October 2011

With few exceptions, most of the hominid evolutionary record in Africa is closely associated with the East African Rift System. The exceptions are the South African and Chadian hominids collected from the southern and west‐central parts of the continent, respectively Ethiopia's Middle Awash region stands alone as the most prolific paleo‐anthropological area ever discovered (Figure 1). Its paleontological record has yielded over 13,000 vertebrate fossils, including several hominid taxa, ranging in age from 5.8 Ma to the present. The uniqueness of the Middle Awash hominid sites lies in their occurrence within long, > 6 Ma volcanic and sedimentary stratigraphic records.
Mars Rovers to continue driving
Authors: Showstack Randy
Published: October 2011

NASA has provided funding for a 6‐month additional extension of the operation of the Mars rover missions, the agency announced on 21 September.

James Erickson, project manager for the Spirit and Opportunity rovers at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., said, “Although [the rovers] are well past warranty, they are showing few signs of wearing out. We really don't know how long they will keep working, whether days or months. We will do our best to continue getting the maximum possible benefit from [them].”
Research Spotlight: Thick water ice observed in lunar craters
Authors: Tretkoff Ernie
Published: October 2011

Water ice exists in large quantities in many small craters near the Moon's north pole, according to a new study. Spudis et al. present initial results from the miniature synthetic aperture radar (Mini‐SAR) experiment on board India's Chandrayaan 1 spacecraft, which mapped most of the area near the north pole of the Moon between February and April 2009. The Mini‐SAR instrument collected data on the polarization of radio waves reflected off the lunar surface. These data give the researchers insight into lunar surface features. For instance, high values of the circular polarization ratio (CPR) indicate either surface roughness or ice.
Research Spotlight: Predicting how a central Pacific El Niño will evolve
Authors: Tretkoff Ernie
Published: October 2011

El Niño events, in which warmer than usual sea surface temperatures occur in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, are known to have a major influence on weather patterns worldwide. To help improve predictions, Yu and Kim categorized the ways in which certain types of El Niño events evolve. They focused on an El Niño known as the central Pacific (CP) type, in which sea surface warming occurs mainly in the central Pacific Ocean rather than in the eastern Pacific, where most common El Niño sea surface warming occurs. The two types of El Niño events have different effects on weather patterns and may respond differently to global warming. The CP type has occurred more frequently in recent decades.
Research Spotlight: Satellites monitor air pollutant emissions in China
Authors: Tretkoff Ernie
Published: October 2011

A new satellite study verifies that Chinese emission control efforts did reduce power plant emissions of sulfur dioxide (SO2), a harmful gas that causes acid rain and can form sulfate aerosols; these aerosols play an important role in the climate system by affecting clouds and precipitation patterns and altering the amount of sunlight that is reflected away from Earth.
Research Spotlight: Map of lunar hydrogen points to large amounts of water ice
Authors: Ofori Leslie , Tretkoff Ernie
Published: October 2011

In October 2009, NASA's Lunar Crater Observation and Sensing Satellite (LCROSS) mission smashed into a crater on the Moon and confirmed previous studies that suggested that water ice existed on the Moon. To learn more about lunar water, scientists are examining the abundance and distribution of hydrogen. Hydrogen has been detected near the lunar poles, but scientists have not been certain whether this hydrogen is the form of water ice or in other compounds such as molecular hydrogen. If hydrogen exists in a volatile compound such as water, it would remain stable only in cold, permanently shaded regions such as deep craters.
Research Spotlight: Tropical cyclone size distribution characterized
Authors: Tretkoff Ernie
Published: October 2011

What are the mechanisms controlling the dynamics of tropical cyclones? To answer this question, a new characterization of the distribution of tropical cyclone sizes was created by Chavas and Emanuel using near‐surface wind measurements taken during 1999–2008 using the QuikSCAT satellite microwave scatterometer.