bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship of the level of β-defensin-1 in the saliva of patients with oral candidiasis after CoVID-19 infection
Authors: Pozharitskaya A. , Karpuk I.
Published: September 2021

Aim: to determine the level and clinical significance of β-defensin-1 in the saliva in patients with Candida stomatitis after a previous coronavirus infection. The object of the study was 67 patients with Candida stomatitis (of which 31 patients had a PCR-confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus infection) and 23 patients of the control group without candidal stomatitis. Research methods: taking smears from the oral mucosa to confirm the diagnosis with a microbiological method, ELISA to assess the level of β-defensin 1 in the saliva. Аccording to the results of the study, in the group of patients with oral candidiasis (ОС) after COVID-19 (n=31), the most frequent was the chronic hyperplastic form of candidiasis (64,5%), in terms of localization – Candida glossitis (77,4%, p<0,05). It was found that the primary ОС in the group of patients after COVID-19 (n=31) was 74,2% of cases (p<0,05), and in the group of patients with ОС without a history of COVID-19 (n=36) this indicator amounted to 41,7%. Moreover, in patients in the group with ОС after COVID-19, the level of β-defensin-1 strongly positively correlated with the incidence of primary episodes of ОС (RSpearman=0,76, p<0,001). It was also found that the lowest β-defensin-1 level in saliva was in patients with ОС after COVID-19 (2,1±0,8 ng/ml, p<0,001). It was significantly lower (p<0,001) than in the group of patients with ОС and the control group. It was found that in patients with ОС after COVID-19, the level of β-defensin-1 in the saliva was negatively correlated with the duration of the COVID-19 (RSpearman=- 0,78, p<0,001), which can be interpreted as an objective indicator of the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on epithelial cells of the oral mucosa.
Exploration of Bioactive Compounds Potency of Extract Namanereis sp. (Polychaeta: Annelida) as an Antibacterial Agent Against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Pringgenies Delianis , Sari Endah , Widianingsih Widianingsih , Nateewathana Anuwat
Published: September 2021

Namanereis sp. belongs to class Polychaeta, a group of main benthic community in marine ecosystems. The purpose of this study to determine the potential of bioactive compounds from Namanereis sp. extract as an antibacterial agent and to determine its extract content through Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Samples of Namaneries sp. were collected from Demak Waters, Central of Java. This research used experimental laboratory method. Samples were extracted with non-polar (N-Hexane), semi-polar (Ethyl acetate) and polar (Methanol) solutions. Different concentrations of extraction, i.e. 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 µg.disk-1. then were tested against pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The extract content analysis was obtained using the GC-MS method.  The results showed that Namanereis sp. extract had a potential as an antibacterial agent. The highest inhibition zone was seen in the fraction with ethyl acetate solvent at a concentration of 100%, namely 13±3.05 mm in E. coli and 14±3.04 mm in S. aureus, which then was analysed with GC-MS. Its results found 20 bioactive compounds in the extract. The five most dominant compounds determined by the highest peak were Dihydrojasmone (12.31%), Hexanoic acid (11.49%), Cholesterol (7.66%), Cyclohexanol (7.53%) and Isopropyl Palmitate (7.52%). The research concluded that Namanereis sp. possessed antibacterial potency and contained several bioactive compounds.
Koncentrace kortizolu ve slinách v průběhu zátěžových situací u úzkostných a neúzkostných adolescentů
Authors: Kubíková Kateřina , Pavelková Isabella , Boháčová Aneta
Published: September 2021

Objectives. We investigated the biological response of organism to stress in real situations at school in adolescents. We were interested in how stress is manifested in adolescents without anxiety and in adolescents with a tendency to anxiety experiencing. The aim of the study is to analyse changes in salivary cortisol levels during stressful situation at school.
Hypotheses. The analyses verified how cortisol levels change in situations associated with the threat of social assessment in the school environment in individuals without anxiety and anxious; H1a–c: Anxiety individuals will have higher cortisol levels in all monitored situations compared to adolescentswithout anxiety. We also focused on the possible links between an individual’s tendency to experience anxiety and the type of stress response; H2: Anxiety individuals will show a different development of cortisol levels between situations A, B and C compared to adolescents without anxiety. We also examined the relationships between cortisol levels and cognitive and emotional fear. H3: Anxiety individuals will show significant links between cortisol levels and cognitive and emotional fear in the achievement situation.
Methods. The research group was comprised of 238 adolescents in the first phase of the study. The final sample for salivary cortisol analysis was comprised of 38 participants aged 12−14 years. The questionnaires battery contains Piers-Harris II, B-JEPI and TAI.
Results. The results show that in both groups of adolescents without anxiety and anxious adolescents, cortisol has a demonstrably different development trend during the day. Furthermore, anxious adolescents showed demonstrably lower cortisol levels at school compared to adolescents without anxiety, in adolescents without anxiety, we observed higher cortisol levels and fall of cortisol level during the day. Our analyses showed that stronger relationships between cortisol and test anxiety are shown especially by anxiety adolescents compared to adolescents without anxiety.
Limitations. The limitation is a smaller research sample and the selection of situations in which the level of salivary cortisol was evaluated. The important limitation is the fact that the first sampling was taken at different times after awakening, because the cortisol levels change more dynamically in this part of the day.
Aristotle’s New Clothes: Mechanistic Readings of the Master Teleologist
Authors: Berryman Sylvia
Published: September 2021

Aristotle has traditionally been cast as the arch-enemy of all things mechanistic. Given the dichotomy long thought to exist between mechanistic and teleological schools of thought, there is a satisfying irony in discovering veins of apparently ‘mechanistic’ thought within the work of the definitive teleologist. Several waves of scholarship in the past century have argued, from different angles, for mechanistic interpretations of Aristotle’s natural philosophy. The present generation is no exception: in the last decade, Jean De Groot, Monte Johnson, and Tiberiu Popa have variously argued that a mechanistic vein can be found in Aristotle’s work, despite his undeniable teleological credentials. This paper explores the assumptions—some of them open to question—that accompany such advocacy. It will urge some terminological refinements, and turn a skeptical lens on some aspects of these projects. Nonetheless, it will stress that they open promising lines of inquiry, avoiding some of the limitations of earlier ventures into this territory.
Effect of microwave, infrared, and convection hot-air on drying kinetics and quality properties of okra pods
Authors: EL-Mesery Hany S. , Elabd Mona A.
Published: September 2021

Okra pods were dried using the following drying regimes; microwave (MWD), infrared (IRD) and convective hot-air drying (CHD). The objective of this investigate was to report the influences of drying methods on okra quality under different drying conditions. Data analysis showed that rehydration ratio and colour change increased with increase in drying air temperature and air velocity while specific energy consumption and shrinkage ratio decreased with increase in drying air temperature under (CHD). The rehydration ratio and colour of dried okra increased with increase in both infrared intensity but it also increased with a decrease in air velocity under (IRD). In the MWD method, drying time, specific energy consumption and shrinkage ratio decreased with increases in microwave power while the rehydration ratio and colour increased. Optimum drying period, specific energy consumption, colour, shrinkage and rehydration ratio were obtained for microwave drying. The model of Midilli et al. is the greatest for describing the drying curves of okra under all the drying processing conditions.
Infinite-state graph transformation systems under adverse conditions
Authors: Özkan Okan
Published: September 2021

We present an approach for modeling adverse conditions by graph transformation systems. To this end, we introduce joint graph transformation systems which involve a system, an interfering environment, and an automaton modeling their interaction. For joint graph transformation systems, we present notions of correctness under adverse conditions. Some instances of correctness are expressible in LTL (linear temporal logic), or in CTL (computation tree logic), respectively. In these cases, verification of joint graph transformation systems is reduced to temporal model checking. To handle infinite state spaces, we incorporate the concept of well-structuredness. We discuss ideas for the verification of joint graph transformation systems using results based on well-structuredness.
On the bias of adjusting for a non-differentially mismeasured discrete confounder
Authors: Peña Jose M. , Balgi Sourabh , Sjölander Arvid , Gabriel Erin E.
Published: September 2021

Biological and epidemiological phenomena are often measured with error or imperfectly captured in data. When the true state of this imperfect measure is a confounder of an outcome exposure relationship of interest, it was previously widely believed that adjustment for the mismeasured observed variables provides a less biased estimate of the true average causal effect than not adjusting. However, this is not always the case and depends on both the nature of the measurement and confounding. We describe two sets of conditions under which adjusting for a non-deferentially mismeasured proxy comes closer to the unidentifiable true average causal effect than the unadjusted or crude estimate. The first set of conditions apply when the exposure is discrete or continuous and the confounder is ordinal, and the expectation of the outcome is monotonic in the confounder for both treatment levels contrasted. The second set of conditions apply when the exposure and the confounder are categorical (nominal). In all settings, the mismeasurement must be non-differential, as differential mismeasurement, particularly an unknown pattern, can cause unpredictable results.
Screening for hypophosphatasia: does biochemistry lead the way?
Authors: Held Corinna Melanie , Guebelin Anic , Krebs Andreas , Sass Jörn Oliver , Wurm Michael , Lausch Ekkehart , van der Werf-Grohmann Natascha , Schwab Karl Otfried
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Patients with childhood hypophosphatasia (HPP) often have unspecific symptoms. It was our aim to identify patients with mild forms of HPP by laboratory data screening for decreased alkaline phosphatase (AP) within a pediatric population.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective hospital-based data screening for AP activity below the following limits: Girls: ≤12 years: <125 U/L; >12 years: <50 U/L Boys: ≤14 years: <125 U/L; >14 years: <70 U/L. Screening positive patients with otherwise unexplained hypophosphatasemia were invited for further diagnostics: Re-test of AP activity, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) in hemolyzed whole blood, phosphoethanolamine (PEA) in serum and urine, and inorganic pyrophosphate in urine. Sequencing of the ALPL gene was performed in patients with clinical and/or laboratory abnormalities suspicious for HPP.

Results

We assessed a total of 14,913 samples of 6,731 patients and identified 393 screening-positive patients. The majority of patients were excluded due to known underlying diseases causing AP depression. Of the 30 patients who participated in the study, three had a decrease in AP activity in combination with an increase in PLP and PEA. A heterozygous ALPL mutation was detected in each of them: One patient with a short stature was diagnosed with childhood-HPP and started with enzyme replacement therapy. The remaining two are considered as mutation carriers without osseous manifestation of the disease.

Conclusions

A diagnostic algorithm based on decreased AP is able to identify patients with ALPL mutation after exclusion of the differential diagnoses of hypophosphatasemia and with additional evidence of increased AP substrates.
Early Neolithic Settlement Patterns in the Polish Lowlands – A Case Study of Selected Micro-Regions in Eastern Kuyavia
Authors: Pyzel Joanna
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is the presentation of the settlement of the first farming communities of the Linear Pottery culture in the Polish lowlands. A case study of three neighboring micro-regions excavated on a large scale in eastern Kuyavia was conducted, which offered the possibility of analyzing various levels of the settlement. Based on the results obtained a local model of the LBK occupation in Kuyavia could be reconstructed. I argue that despite some regional variability a very general common settlement pattern existed for the whole LBK consisting of an iconic longhouse as the basic unit, the presence of micro-regional clusters of more or less contemporary sites, and the preference for regions with optimal environmental conditions. However, a detailed comparison within and between separate sites in the study area revealed some degree of variability inside this supposedly homogeneous pattern which can indicate the existence of different social units among small regional communities and their changes over time.
Denial and Fear: Psychological Analysis of Covid-19 Information in a Czech Fundamentalistic Catholic Journal
Authors: Moravec Pavel , Lacková Lucia
Published: September 2021

The aim of the research was to analyze information about Covid-19 as it relates to religion in a fundamentalist Catholic periodical and to point out places in the articles that are not supported by scientific facts. We also examined whether the Covid-19 information found contained some coping strategies to deal with the pandemic situation. The object of the study was the Czech monthly Regina in the year 2020. Thematic analysis was used as a method. Two main themes were found – Trivialization and Combat between Good and Evil. At first, the disease was underestimated, from the September issue it was presented as a sign of the end times. The theme of Trivialization was divided into two subthemes: Exaggerated restrictions and Covid-19 is not the only problem of mankind. This theme was assigned to coping strategy Denial. The theme of Combat between Good and Evil was divided into three subthemes: Sign of the End Times, Evil’s quest to establish a new world order, and Vaccination breaks the relationship with God. This theme was assigned to a coping strategy Marking Religious Boundaries. The texts possessed much unfounded information stimulating fear and anxiety instead of active coping strategies to promote the reader’s hope of improving the epidemiological situation.
Dynamic Heterogeneity Shapes Patterns of Spiral Ganglion Activity
Authors: Parra-Munevar Jeffrey , Morse Charles E. , Plummer Mark R. , Davis Robin L.
Published: September 2021

Neural response properties that typify primary sensory afferents are critical to fully appreciate because they establish and, ultimately represent, the fundamental coding design used for higher-level processing. Studies illuminating the center-surround receptive fields of retinal ganglion cells, for example, were ground-breaking because they determined the foundation of visual form detection. For the auditory system, a basic organizing principle of the spiral ganglion afferents is their extensive electrophysiological heterogeneity establishing diverse intrinsic firing properties in neurons throughout the spiral ganglion. Moreover, these neurons display an impressively large array of neurotransmitter receptor types that are responsive to efferent feedback. Thus, electrophysiological diversity and its neuromodulation are a fundamental encoding mechanism contributed by the primary afferents in the auditory system. To place these features into context, we evaluated the effects of hyperpolarization and cAMP on threshold level as indicators of overall afferent responsiveness in CBA/CaJ mice of either sex. Hyperpolarization modified threshold gradients such that distinct voltage protocols could shift the relationship between sensitivity and stimulus input to reshape resolution. This resulted in an “accordion effect” that appeared to stretch, compress, or maintain responsivity across the gradient of afferent thresholds. cAMP targeted threshold and kinetic shifts to rapidly adapting neurons, thus revealing multiple cochleotopic properties that could potentially be independently regulated. These examples of dynamic heterogeneity in primary auditory afferents not only have the capacity to shift the range, sensitivity, and resolution, but to do so in a coordinated manner that appears to orchestrate changes with a seemingly unlimited repertoire.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHow do we discriminate the more nuanced qualities of the sound around us? Beyond the basics of pitch and loudness, aspects, such as pattern, distance, velocity, and location, are all attributes that must be used to encode acoustic sensations effectively. While higher-level processing is required for perception, it would not be unexpected if the primary auditory afferents optimized receptor input to expedite neural encoding. The findings reported herein are consistent with this design. Neuromodulation compressed, expanded, shifted, or realigned intrinsic electrophysiological heterogeneity to alter neuronal responses selectively and dynamically. This suggests that diverse spiral ganglion phenotypes provide a rich substrate to support an almost limitless array of coding strategies within the first neural element of the auditory pathway.
Solving the Conflict Between Breathability and Masked Faces within Facial Recognition Technologies
Authors: Tucker Aaron
Published: September 2021

The interlocking crises of the COVID-19 pandemic, wildfires exacerbated by climate catastrophe, and systemic racism in law enforcement have led to the biopolitical management of breathable air alongside the exponential rise in the production of masked faces. However, the introduction of masked faces momentarily short-circuited the abilities of facial recognition technologies (FRTs) to identify and verify the novel combination of media, which includes the elemental media of air and breath, that constructs masked faces. FRTs’ initial failures related to masked faces speaks to the internal conflict within contemporary biopolitical control that arises during moments of crisis, wherein previous protocols and practices clash with new material and media. In response to the competing vectors brought about by the crisis of breathability, the National Institute of Standards and Technology’s July 2020 report details FRTs’ failures as they relate to masked faces, while providing protocols for future solutions. This paper critiques the solution provided within the report in which the creation and deployment of synthetic facial data relies on the liminal populations of refugees and immigrants for experimental materials, a practice that ultimately targets the very populations being used to improve the technology.
‘If Men Were Angels, No Government Would Be Necessary’: The Intuitive Theory of Social Motivation and Preference for Authoritarian Leaders
Authors: Nettle Daniel , Saxe Rebecca
Published: September 2021

We postulate that at least two distinct cognitive systems affect political judgements. The first system, moral cognition, delivers intuitions about what societal outcomes would be ideal. The second system, which we dub the intuitive theory of social motivation, makes predictions about how other citizens will behave in practice, and hence feeds into opinions on how their conduct should be regulated. Both systems are situation sensitive. We illustrate this thesis through a study of intuitions about redistribution and governance. We present four experiments in which 750 U.K. adults prescribed ideal levels of redistribution for hypothetical societies under different circumstances, and predicted what level of redistribution those societies would actually be able to achieve. Participants judged that the level of redistribution societies would achieve was lower than the ideal. The gulf was particularly large for societies facing war or scarcity, because a subset of people was predicted to respond selfishly to these threats. Strong, authoritarian leaders were seen as more desirable in these circumstances. Specifically, this was because citizens facing these threats were predicted to become less amenable to rational persuasion and their inherent moral sense, and more amenable to control through harsh punishment, which is what strong leaders can deliver. We complement our experimental results with an analysis of World Values Survey data from 52 countries, showing that authoritarian governance preferences are positively associated with the perceived threat of war, and negatively associated with per capita GDP, a proxy for the abundance of resources.
The Emancipated Listener
Authors: Johnson Whitney
Published: September 2021

An aesthetic controversy regarding the value of conceptual and ambient sound art opens this theoretical investigation into sensation, perception, and understanding. The contrast between valuing sound through language or listening calls on aesthetic philosophy and social phenomenology to transcend existing theories of perception that tend to be rooted in the sense of sight. Extending from the sensus communis, the phenomenology of expanded listening demonstrates that sonic percepts are specified in terms of cognitive attention and temporal adumbration. Judgment and conviction are distinct evaluative processes that draw on cultivated taste and embodied sensation, respectively. An emancipated listener finds enhanced political agency in a sonic sensorium, obviating the mediation of text. Though the history of visual art has tended to value the skillful hand or conceptual mind of the artist, sound art may allow listeners to contribute a broad spectrum of meaning and value through bodies with diverse sensory abilities engaged in expanded discourse.
Turbulent heat transfer enhancement in tubular heat exchangers with different twisted tape inserts
Authors: LABIB SADMAN HASSAN , Himel M. R. A. , Ali J.I. , Mim A.R. , Hossain M.J. , Ghosh A.K. , Goswami A.
Published: September 2021

Experimental and numerical analyses are carried out to investigate the influence of twisted tape inserts on the heat transfer and the flow behavior in double tube heat exchangers. First, all the performance factors, namely the Nusselt number, friction factor, and thermal performance factor, were studied for a basic heat exchanger (BHE). Afterwards, twisted tapes with three different twist ratios (7.5, 6, and 4.5) were inserted inside the inner tube of the BHE, which resulted in three different modified heat exchangers (MHEs). For the numerical study, a 3D numerical model is developed with the k-ε RNG turbulent model to visualize the flow and the heat transfer behavior inside the heat exchangers. In both studies, turbulent flow field is maintained, ranging Reynolds number from 15000 to 50000.  From the experimental result, an enhanced heat transfer, characterized by the performance factors, is found for all the MHEs compared to the BHE. The most enhanced thermal performance factor is achieved for the MHE with the lowest twist ratio. Finally, a good agreement between obtained numerical and experimental results reveals that the present numerical model can reliably predict the flow and heat transfer behavior in double tube heat exchangers.
Dating Violence: A Report from Legal and Victimological Perspective
Authors: Baindowi Salimi Muhammad
Published: September 2021

Violence against women is a manifestation of the historical inequality of power relations between men and women. This results in the emergence of domination and discrimination against women by men, so that this condition will become an obstacle to their progress. Violence against women, in this case related to dating violence, is one of the social mechanisms that needs attention, because it encourages women in a subordinate position compared to men. The purpose of this study is to find out how the concept and form of the criminal act of Dating Violence is. In addition, this study also aims to find out how the victimization of dating violence is reviewed and legal protection for victims of dating violence.
Cognitive and Sociocultural Perspectives: Approaches and Implications for Learning, Teaching and Assessment
Authors: Gold Jason D.
Published: September 2021

The primary role of educators is to best serve and support students’ learning. To this end, the epistemological beliefs they hold are immensely influential, governing (both explicitly and implicitly) educators’ assumptions about how students learn, which determines the curriculum design and instructional methods utilized to support that learning. Over the years, two prominent and influential epistemological theories have developed – the cognitive perspective, which focuses on learners’ mental processes, and the sociocultural perspective, which focuses on learners’ participation in social practices within a particular context – with each providing their own unique contributions to the field of education. Using the example of the learning goal of students’ mastery of English for passing the TOEFL, the purpose of this paper is to explore how these two perspectives view knowing and learning, and the implications of this for motivating engagement and assessing learning. By drawing on and utilizing a synthesis of the cognitive and sociocultural perspectives, educators can align their learning outcomes with the most pedagogically-appropriate approach possible, to best support overall student learning and academic success.
A Study into the Effectiveness of the Youth Employment Programme (YEP) in Mauritius
Authors: Ramgutty Harsha Toshini , Sanmukhiya Chintamanee
Published: September 2021

Youth employment programmes are used as a means of developing employability skills through a wage subsidy strategy. This study examines the effectiveness of the Youth Employment Programme (YEP) in Mauritius in terms of the trainee’s satisfaction of YEP, his/her belief that YEP would help him/her to get a job and the odds of actually being employed once the programme is over. The Human Capital Theory is used to describe the transformation process through which YEP increases youth employability. Data was randomly collected among 214 individuals who were either currently or had previously been on the programme. All logistic models fitted the data well with correct classifications ranging from 70% to 92.5%. None of the demographic factors predicted the effectiveness of YEP. Trainees’ satisfaction was predicted by the sector of work placement, quality of programme, field of study and recommendations. Trainees’ beliefs were predicted by the number of interviews, duration of unemployment prior to the programme, whether internship matched their fields of study, nature of employment and quality of the programme. However, the nature of employment and salary were the only factors that predicted the odds of actually being employed. The YEP in Mauritius may require major restructuration to cater for trainees outside the field of social sciences. Although the YEP has failed to provide the adequate support and a satisfying experience, its contribution cannot be underestimated. An evaluation of the programme should be carried out at shorter intervals to detect major loopholes so that these may be resolved in time.
Dynamics of lithogenesis of Phanerozoic sedimentary sequence of the Carpathian-Black Sea region in the aspect of their oil- and gas-bearing potential
Authors: Radkovets Nataliya , Hrygorchuk Kostyantyn , Koltun Yuriy , Hnidets Volodymyr , Popp Ihor , Moroz Marta , Hayevska Yuliya , Havryshkiv Halyna , Kokhan Oksana , Cheremisska Oksana , Moroz Petro , Koshil Lesya , Balandyuk Lina , Shapovalov Mykhaylo , Rever Anastasiya
Published: September 2021

The objective of this work was to study the environments and processes of ancient sedimentation in the epi- and mesopelagic basins of the Carpathian-Black Sea region and to clarify the conditions of oil and gas basins formation within the study region as well as the main aspects of hydrocarbon generation. The burial history of the basins, some aspects of their fluid regime, issues of lithogenetic record, features of transformation of sedimentary basins into the rock-formation basins and the development of the latter during the Phanerozoic are considered. The spatial and temporal peculiarities of the evolution of epi-mesopelogic systems and their influence on the formation of oil- and gas-bearing strata within the Carpathian-Black Sea region have been studied. It has been established that in the sedimentary basins of the Carpathian-Black Sea continental margin of the Tethys Ocean during the long geological history the different intensity structural and morphological changes took place: changes of the subsidence rate of the basin bottom, inversion uplifts, sedimentation pauses, deformation of the sedimentary fill. This was reflected both in the peculiarities of the development of sedimentary environments and in the processes of substance differentiation with the formation of certain post-sedimentary mineral-structural parageneses. It was proved that discrete processes of differentiated compaction and defluidization of sediments cause a number of deformation phenomena, which can be reflected in the features of the morphology of the sedimentary basin bottom, influencing the nature of sediment transportation and accumulation. On the basis of the conducted investigations a number of practical results were obtained which will allow forming new approaches to criteria of hydrocarbons prospecting, in particular the lithophysical aspect which is concentrated on the reservoir properties of rocks; sedimentary reconstructions and the diversity of cyclicity of the studied sediments as a factor of the establishment of prospective areas, reconstruction of the burial history, which provides an information on the state of transformation of organic matter and hydrocarbons, and therefore the range of prospective depths for oil and gas occurrence.
Prospects of using peats in the Lviv Region for humates extraction
Authors: Yakovenko Myroslava , Khokha Yury , Lyubchak Oleksandr
Published: September 2021

The paper briefly considers the problems of the Ukraine’s peat industry and identifies the reasons for its decline, including the low quality of peat as an energy source. We assume that the use of peat for briquetting will be stopped in the near future due to economic and political factors. On the other hand, peat can be a source of chemicals and their mixtures that have found application in agriculture and industry. It is known that the addition of sodium humates to the drilling mud improves its rheological properties and makes them environmentally safe, especially when passing through aquifers. We set a goal to determine the geological, technological and geochemical characteristics of peat in the Lviv Region, to establish its suitability for the humic acids extraction and to identify promising deposits for future processing. The study of the peats microelement composition of the Radekhiv district (Lviv Region) showed that the studied peats are not contaminated with heavy metals, as evidenced by the values of pollution indices. It is shown that the content of chemical elements in peats of Lviv Region is less than clarke in the lithosphere, soils and terrestrial plants. There is a tendency to scatter chalcophilic and most siderophilic elements, to a lesser extent lithophilic. Determining the yield of total and free humic acids testified to the possibility of using peat in the Lviv Region to extract humates. The studied samples were characterized by a high content of humic acids in terms of dry weight. Preliminary assessment of deposits suitability for peat extraction was performed according to the following parameters: field reserves, degree of decomposition, humus content and ash content. After constructing maps of these geochemical characteristic’s distribution, we have identified several of the most promising deposits in the Lviv Region: in the Kamyanka-Buzka district – Didylivske and Yarychivske deposits; in the Mykolayiv district – Verbizke, Saikivske, Demnyanske and Trostyanetske.
The Legal Concept of Limited Liability Company Based on Social-Justice Through Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Is Muhamad Sadi , Saputra Jemmi Angga
Published: September 2021

The presence of Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies is expected to ensure the welfare of the community around the company through the Corporate Social Responsibility program. This study uses a qualitative research method with a literature approach and legislation approach. The results of the study state that in reality, there are still many limited companies that do not implement Corporate Social Responsibility programs because there are no firm sanctions, both criminal, civil and administrative sanctions against limited companies that do not implement the Corporate Social Responsibility program so that social justice for the surrounding community limited liability company is not reached.Keywords: Limited Liability Company; Social Justice; Corporate Social Responsibility Konsep Hukum Perseroan Terbatas Berbasis Keadilan Sosial Melalui Tanggung Jawab Sosial Perusahaan             AbstrakHadirnya Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2007 tentang Perseroan Terbatas diharapkan dapat menjamin kesejahteraan masyarakat di sekitar perusahaan melalui program Coporate Social Responsibility. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian Kualitatif dengan pendekatan literatur dan pendekatan peraturan perundang-undangan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa dalam realitanya, masih banyak perseroan terbatas yang tidak melaksanakan program Corporate Social Responsibility karena disebabkan belum adanya sanksi yang tegas baik sanksi pidana, perdata dan sanksi administrasi terhadap perseroan terbatas yang tidak melaksanakan program Coporate Social Responsibility sehingga keadilan sosial bagi masyarakat di sekitar perseroan terbatas tidak tercapai.Kata Kunci: Perseroan Terbatas; Keadilan Sosial; CSR  Правовая концепция общества с ограниченной ответственностью, основанного на социальной справедливости через корпоративную социальную ответственность  АннотацияОжидается, что наличие Закона № 40 от 2007 года об обществах с ограниченной ответственностью обеспечит благополучие общества вокруг компании посредством программы корпоративной социальной ответственности. В этом исследовании используется качественный метод исследования с использованием литературного подхода и законодательного подхода. Результаты исследования показывают, что на самом деле существует множество компаний с ограниченной ответственностью, которые не реализуют программы корпоративной социальной ответственности, поскольку отсутствуют жесткие санкции, как уголовные, так и гражданские и административные, в отношении компаний с ограниченной ответственностью, которые не реализуют программу корпоративной социальной ответственности, так что социальная справедливость для общества вокруг общества с ограниченной ответственностью не достигается.Ключевые Слова: Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью; Социальная Справедливость; Корпоративная Социальная Ответственность
Compensation for Damage Caused by a Crime in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam and the Russian Federation
Authors: Tien Nguyen Van , Pushkarev Viktor Victorovich , Tokareva Ekaterina Viktorovna , Makeev Alexey Vasilyevich , Shepeleva Olga Rinatovna
Published: September 2021

In criminal proceedings of Vietnam, in contrast to the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation, it is advisable to separate physical, material and moral damage that may be caused by the crime or socially dangerous act prohibited by the criminal law, the rights and legitimate interests of natural or legal persons. The article is devoted to solving the problem of compensation for damage caused by a crime in pre-trial proceedings in criminal cases, based on the study of Russian and Vietnamese criminal procedure legislation, practice, and results of its application. The conclusions are subject to study and implementation in the law.Keywords: Compensation for harm; Investigation; Rights and legitimate interests of participants in criminal proceedings Kompensasi untuk Kerusakan yang Disebabkan oleh Kejahatan di Republik Sosialis Vietnam dan Federasi Rusia Abstrak:Berbeda dengan Kode Acara Pidana Federasi Rusia, lebih baik dalam proses pidana Vietnam untuk memisahkan kerugian fisik, material, dan moral yang disebabkan oleh kejahatan atau tindakan berbahaya secara sosial yang dilarang oleh hukum pidana dari hak dan kepentingan sah orang atau badan hukum. Berdasarkan kajian undang-undang prosedur pidana Rusia dan Vietnam, praktik, dan hasil penerapannya, artikel ini dikhususkan untuk memecahkan masalah kompensasi atas kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh kejahatan dalam proses pra-persidangan dalam kasus pidana. Kesimpulan sedang dipelajari dan akan dimasukkan ke dalam undang-undang.Kata Kunci: Kompensasi untuk kerugian; Penyelidikan; Hak dan kepentingan sah peserta dalam proses pidana Возмещение вреда причиненного преступлением в социалистической республике Вьетнам и Российской Федерации АннотацияСтатья посвящена разрешению проблемы возмещения вреда, причиненного преступлением, в досудебном производстве по уголовным делам, на основе исследования российского и вьетнамского уголовно-процессуального законодательства, практики и результатов его применения. Выводы подлежат изучению и внедрению в законКлючевые Слова: возмещение вреда, расследование, права и законные интересы участников уголовного процесса, следователь, дознаватель
Peran Kerajaan Aceh Melawan Penjajahan dan Menyebarkan Islam di Nusantara pada Abad 16-18 M
Authors: Rahman Arif
Published: September 2021

The Kingdom of Aceh is one of the Islamic kingdoms that stood at the end of the 15th century or early 16th century AD. This kingdom stood for a long time, about 4 more centuries. This study wants to present the results of a literature search about the establishment of the Aceh Kingdom, the progress and traces of the civilization of the Kingdom of Aceh, the resistance of the Kingdom of Aceh to Portuguese colonialism, and the role of the Kingdom of Aceh in spreading Islam in Nusantara. The research method used is the historical research method with the following steps: heuristics, criticism, interpretation and historiography. In this study, it was found that the Aceh kingdom had high civilizational progress in the fields of government politics, military, economics and religious science. The Kingdom of Aceh continued to fight against the Portuguese, especially in the northern Sumatra region and also the Malacca strait. The Kingdom of Aceh also has a big role in spreading Islam in Nusantara.Keywords: The Kingdoms of Aceh; Against Colonialism; Spreading Islam AbstrakKerajaan Aceh merupakan salah satu kerajaan Islam yang berdiri di penghujung abad ke-15 atau awal abad ke 16 M. Kerajaan ini berdiri dalam waktu yang lama, sekitar 4 abad lebih. Penelitian ini ingin menyajikan hasil penelusuran pustaka tentang berdirinya Kerajaan Aceh, kemajuan dan jejak-jejak peradaban Kerajaan Aceh, perlawanan Kerajaan Aceh terhadap penjajahan Portugis, dan  peran Kerajaan Aceh dalam menyebarkan Islam di Nusantara. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah metode penelitian sejarah dengan langkah-langkah: heuristik, kritik, interpretasi dan historiografi. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan bahwa kerajaan Aceh memiliki kemajuan peradaban yang tinggi di bidang politik pemerintahan, militer, ekonomi dan ilmu pengetahuan agama. Kerajaan Aceh terus melakukan perlawanan terhadap Portugis, khususnya di wilayah Sumatera bagian utara dan juga selat Malaka. Kerajaan Aceh juga memiliki peran yang besar dalam menyebarkan Islam di Nusantara.Keywords: Kerajaan Aceh; Melawan Penjajahan; Menyebarkan Islam
Reading Proficiency Trends Following Newborn Hearing Screening Implementation
Authors: Yoshinaga-Itano Christine , Mason Craig A. , Wiggin Mallene , Grosse Scott D. , Gaffney Marcus , Gilley Phillip M.
Published: September 2021

OBJECTIVES

To investigate trends in population-level school-aged reading scores among students with hearing loss in an urban Colorado school district after implementation of universal newborn hearing screening (UNHS) and Early Hearing Detection and Intervention.

METHODS

The final sample included 1422 assessments conducted during the 2000–2001 through 2013–2014 school years for 321 children with hearing loss in grades 3 through 10. Longitudinal hierarchical linear modeling analyses were used to examine reading proficiency (controlling for birth year, grade in school, free and reduced lunch status, additional disability services, and English not spoken in the home). The Colorado Student Assessment Program was administered to students in third through 10th grades throughout the state. The test years chosen included children born before and after implementation of UNHS.

RESULTS

After implementation of UNHS, significant longitudinal reading proficiency improvements were observed by birth year and grade overall and for all subgroups. However, gains in reading proficiency were substantially less for children eligible for free and reduced lunch and those with moderate-severe to profound hearing loss. With each succeeding birth cohort and grade, increased numbers of children participated in testing because of improved language skills, with higher proportions identified as proficient or advanced readers.

CONCLUSIONS

Notable improvements in reading proficiency after Early Hearing Detection and Intervention implementation were demonstrated, as all groups of children with hearing loss became more likely to achieve proficient and advanced reading levels. On the other hand, some disparities increased, with greater improvements in reading proficiency for children in economically advantaged families.
Social Determinants Do Not Determine Me
Authors: Prather Haleigh
Published: September 2021

The following is the winning submission from the fifth annual Section on Pediatric Trainees Monthly Feature essay competition. For this year’s competition, we asked trainees to reflect on and share how their unique identity, or identities, informs their advocacy work on behalf of children and families. We asked writers to consider how their personal histories and backgrounds, including sex, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, religion, geographic area, and life experiences improve equity in pediatric health care. We were impressed by the broad variety of important topics addressed in the pieces submitted by trainees from around the country. The winning essay by Dr Haleigh Prather highlights her experiences as a Hispanic woman raised by a single, working-class mother; the obstacles that she faced in her life and how she surmounted them; and how her strength and resilience shaped her approach to health care delivery. In this piece, she underscores how the lessons learned by trainees from challenges in their own lives promote advocacy for the health and welfare of patients.
Knowledge Modeling in Troubleshooting
Authors: Dimitrov Valeriy P. , Borisova Lyudmila V.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. The article describes the approach to solving the problem of complex technical system troubleshooting based on expert knowledge modeling. Intelligent information systems are widely used to solve the problems of diagnostics of multilevel systems including combine harvesters. The formal description of the subject domain knowledge is the framework for building the knowledge base of these systems. The sequence of creating an expert system knowledge base in accordance with production rules is considered.
Materials and Methods. The approach is founded on the fault function table. As the object of diagnostics, one of the subsystems of the combine harvester electric equipment “opening the hopper roof flaps” is considered. The basis for constructing a sequence of elementary checks is a system of logical equations describing both the serviceable and possible faulty states of the subsystem.
Results. A structural logic model is developed. As a result of analyzing the fault function table, the sets of elementary checks are determined. Four criteria have been used to analyze the weight of these checks. The authors have determined optimal sequence of checks and have developed a decision tree, which allows finding the cause of the malfunction and is the basis for creating the knowledge base of an intelligent information system. A fragment of the knowledge base is given.
Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed approach of expert knowledge modelling increases the efficiency of the unit for troubleshooting of the intelligent decision support system. It makes possible to structure the base of expertise and establishing the optimal sequence of elementary checks. This allows determining the optimal sequence of application of the knowledge base production rule that makes it possible to reduce the time of restoring the serviceability of combines.
Studying Grain Flow Immersion into Liquids of Various Densities Based on the Methods of Experiment Design
Authors: Saitov Aleksey V. , Sysuev Vasily A. , Saitov Viktor Е.
Published: September 2021

Introduction. In addition to grain, a grain heap of rye may contain poisonous ergot sclerotia. Modern grain cleaning machines do not isolate ergot sclerotia in one technological process because of the similarity of physical properties in linear dimensions. Isolation of ergot sclerotia from rye grain in one technological process is possible through the use of aqueous solutions of inorganic salts. The purpose of the study is to determine the optimum elevation of the loading hopper relative to the liquid surface. The data obtained contribute to increasing the quality of the technological process of the machine being developed.
Materials and Methods. The paper considers the delivery of rye grain flow from the loading hopper outlet into the liquid by varying the specific grain load, liquid density and the delivery height. To set up the experiments, the experiment design methods have been used. The experimental data have been processed using the statistical package Statgraphics Plus 5.1.
Results. The estimation of the effective elevation of the loading hopper outlet relative to the liquid surface when delivering grain flow has been carried out. There have been obtained regression models for the fraction of grains, which did not submerge and rose up to the liquid surface with air bubbles.
Discussion and Conclusion. It has been found that the density of the aqueous salt solution has a significant effect on the percentage of grains, which did not submerge and rose up to the liquid surface with air bubbles. The smallest values of at different density of the liquid and specific grain load are achieved at a grain delivery height 56.0 ∙ 10–3 m.