bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioconvection in a squeezing flow of a micropolar fluid in a horizontal channel
Authors: Srinivasacharya D. , Sreenath I.
Published: June 2019

The bioconvection flow of an incompressible micropolar fluid containing microorganisms between two infinite stretchable parallel plates is considered. A mathematical model, with a fully coupled nonlinear system of equations describing the total mass, momentum, thermal energy, mass diffusion, and microorganisms is presented. The governing equations are reduced to a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations with the help of suitable transformations. The resulting nonlinear ordinary differential equations are linearized using successive linearization method, and the resulting system of linear equations is solved using the Chebyshev collocation method. The detailed analysis illustrating the influences of various physical parameters, such as the micropolar coupling number, squeezing parameter, the bioconvection Schmidt number, Prandtl numbers, Lewis number, and bioconvection Peclet number on the velocity, microrotation, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism distributions, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and density number of motile microorganism, is examined. The influence of the squeezing parameter is to increase the dimensionless velocities and temperature and to decrease the local Nusselt number and local Sherwood number. The density number of motile microorganism is decreasing with squeezing parameter, bioconvection Lewis number, bioconvection Peclet number, and bioconvection Schmidt number.
Results of API–AI based regimen in osteosarcoma adult patients included in the French OS2006/Sarcome‐09 study
Authors: Piperno‐Neumann Sophie , Ray‐Coquard Isabelle , Occean Bob‐Valéry , Laurence Valérie , Cupissol Didier , Perrin Christophe , Penel Nicolas , Bompas Emmanuelle , Rios Maria , Le Cesne Axel , Italiano Antoine , Anract Philippe , de Pinieux Gonzague , Collard Olivier , Bertucci François , Duffaud Florence , Le Deley Marie‐Cécile , Delaye Jessy , Brugieres Laurence , Blay Jean‐Yves
Published: June 2019

In the OS2006 study, patients younger than 18 years were treated with a methotrexate‐based regimen (MTX), patients older than 25 years with a doxorubicin–cisplatin–ifosfamide‐based regimen (API–AI), whereas patients aged 18–25 years received either API–AI or MTX. We herein report the prespecified subgroup analysis of the outcome of 106 patients treated with API–AI. Preoperative chemotherapy combined three doxorubicin–ifosfamide–cisplatin (API) and two doxorubicin–ifosfamide (AI) courses. Postoperative chemotherapy was assigned by risk group: localised patients with a good histological response (<10% viable cells) received two AI and two cisplatin–ifosfamide (PI) courses; patients with synchronous metastases, poor histological response or unresectable primary received five cycles of etoposide–ifosfamide (EI). Of the 106 patients, 61 were randomised to receive or not zoledronate. Median age was 30 years (range 18–67), 66 (62%) patients were >25 years. The primary tumours were axial in 28 patients (26%), and 28 (26%) presented with metastases. Ninety‐six patients (91%) had surgery, conservative in 82 (85%); 36 patients (38%, 95% CI 28–48%) were good responders. Toxicity was manageable, with no significant difference in severe acute toxicity between patients aged >25 years and those younger. With a median follow‐up of 4.8 years, the 5‐year event‐free survival and overall survival rates were 46% (95% CI 36–56) and 57% (95% CI 47–67), respectively. The primary tumour size and initial metastases correlated with a higher risk of event. In these 106 osteosarcoma adult patients, API–AI proved feasible with no excess of toxicity, and favourable activity despite poor‐prognosis factors.
When ethics create misfit: Combined effects of despotic leadership and Islamic work ethic on job performance, job satisfaction, and psychological well‐being
Authors: Raja Usman , Haq Inam Ul , De Clercq Dirk , Azeem Muhammad Umer
Published: June 2019

This study applies social exchange and person–environment fit theories to predict that despotic leaders tend to hinder employee job performance, job satisfaction, and psychological well‐being, whereas employees' own Islamic work ethic (IWE) enhances these outcomes. Also, IWE moderates the relationship of despotic leadership with the three outcomes, such that it heightens the negative impacts, because employees with a strong IWE find despotic leadership particularly troubling. A multi‐source, two‐wave, time‐lagged study design, with a sample (303 paired responses) of employees working in various organisations, largely supports these predictions. Despotic leadership and IWE relate significantly to job performance, job satisfaction and psychological well‐being in the predicted directions, except that there is no significant relationship between IWE and job satisfaction. A test of moderation shows that the negative relationships of despotic leadership with job outcomes are stronger when IWE is high. These findings have pertinent implications for theory, as well as for organisational practice.
NONPHOTOSYNTHETIC PROTISTS
Authors: Grell Karl
Published: June 2019

Nuclear dualism, i.e. the occurrence of two nuclei, different in structure and function within the same cell, is a phenomenon restricted to the heterokaryotic Foraminifera and to the ciliates. Though interesting similarities exist, there is no doubt that the phenomenon developed independently in both groups.

In the Foraminifera whose taxonomy is still based exclusively on the morphology of the shells, nuclear dualism is a striking “bridge of homology” connecting certain genera and species of the family Rotaliidae. As will be demonstrated, its variable expression gives some insight into the evolutionary process. However, other features such as the mode of sexual reproduction have to be considered too, if an attempt is made to clarify phylogenetic relationships.
SEED PROTEIN PROFILES OF AFRICAN REPRESENTATIVES OF VIGNA SPP.
Authors: Carasco J. F. , Derbyshire E. , Boulter D.
Published: June 2019

Representatives of Vigna species may be separated into a number of groups on the basis of their seed protein profiles. Since these groups are consistent with contemporary classifications of the species it is suggested that the procedure employed here may be of value in systematic investigations of this genus. The profiles indicate that the different species examined all have the same major seed storage proteins.
FRANCIS HAMILTON'S COMMENTARIES WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO MELIACEAE
Authors: Mabberley D. J.
Published: June 2019

The tangle of nomenclature surrounding Roxburgh's Flora indica is displayed and the date of publication of the first two volumes of the second edition is shown to be in January 1832. Many Roxburgh names were first validly published by others including Buchanan‐Hamilton. Hamilton's overlooked and misinterpreted binomials in Meliaceae and other families in his Commentaries on Rumpf and Rheede and in other papers are reconsidered. This necessitates name changes in Chisocheton (where a new subspecific combination is proposed) and Dysoxylum, both Meliaceae, and in Artocarpus, Garcinia (where a new combination is proposed) and Hygrophila. Later publication of Hamilton MS names by Dillwyn necessitates a new name in Canthium, while three of the ‘new’ names are antedated by overlooked ones in Dennstedt's interpretation of Rheede, necessitating new combinations in Parsonsia, Scleropyrum and Wrightia. Many names are shown to have been published earlier than is widely supposed, and completely overlooked, validly published binomials in Anacardium, Antidesma, Asclepias, Canthium, Elaeocarpus, Helicteres, Leucas, Pharnaceum, Polypodium and Pterocarpus are listed while Jones's mononomials are considered invalid. Three Hamilton names, two of them legitimately published in Caltha (= ? Delphinium spp.) are still of uncertain application. An interpretation of Dennstedt's other validly published names based on Rheede plates is appended, necessitating new combinations in Andrographis, Dalbergia, Ixora and Tetrastigma. Some six legitimate Dennstedt names, in Asclepias (= ? Tylophora sp.), Aspidium (= ? Dryopteris [s.l.] sp.), Forsythia (= Chionanthus sp.), Limonia (= ? Randia sp.), Pothos (= ? Embelia sp.) and Uvaria (= Polyalthia sp.) are still of uncertain application.
THE IDENTITY OF LONCHITIS AURITA AND THE GENERIC NAMES ANISOSORUS AND LONCHITIS
Authors: Lellinger David B.
Published: June 2019

Lonchitis aurita L. has proved to be a synonym of Pteris arborea L. Lonchitis hirsuta L. is the type of Lonchitis, and Anisosorus Trev. ex Maxon must be placed in synonymy under it.
NOMENCLATURAL NOTE ON COROLLINA MALYAVKINA, 1949 (FOSSIL‐POLLEN DISPERSAE)
Authors: van Erve A. W.
Published: June 2019

“Classopollis”‐type pollen grains have to be referred to as Corollina Malyavkina, 1949.
THE NOMENCLATURE OF XANTHORIA LOBULATA (FLÖRKE) B. de LESD. (LICHENS)
Authors: Jorgensen P. M. , Coppins B. J.
Published: June 2019

The name Lecanora lobulata Flörke is lectotypified, and it is established that the combinations Xanthoria lobulata (by B. de Lesdain) and Caloplaca lobulata (by Hellbom) both are based on Flörke's name of 1815. Xanthoria boulyi Zahlbr., a name sometimes used for the species, is superfluous and illegitimate.
MICROMOLECULAR PATTERNS AND THE EVOLUTION AND MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF ANGIOSPERMS
Authors: Kubitzki K. , Gottlieb O. R.
Published: June 2019

Integration of morphological and micromolecular data sets into a single system of classification is a major challenge facing the plant systematist of our time. Here an attempt is made to this end with regard to the upper levels of angiosperm classification. In particular, natural products which derive from the shikimate pathway are considered. Their distribution and biosynthesis demonstrates the existence of micromolecular links between the magnoliid, caryophyllid and monocotyledonous families, thus paralleling morphological characters. Chemical evidence is also in favour of the earlier idea that the largest gap within angiosperms is not that between dicotyledons and monocotyledons, but one that separates magnoliid, caryophyllid and monocotyledonous families (the “magnolialean block”) from the rest of the dicotyledons (the “rosiflorean block”). However, in contrast to some previous authors, here the monocotyledons are found to encompass a homogeneous, morphologically clearly delimited assemblage. Anomalous occurrences of micromolecules, such as ellagitannins in the Nymphaeales, are discussed and the importance of chemically discordant characters for the recognition of convergences is emphasized.

A biosynthetic extrapolation indicates that the early angiosperms were characterized by a full‐fledged expansion of the shikimate pathway and a broad oxidation‐reduction potential. These properties permitted the production of the neolignans, oxidative coupling products of allyl‐ and propenylphenols, and of 1,3‐diarylpropanes, highly reduced flavonoid types. From here, stepwise suppression of the shikimate pathway must have led to the utilization of intermediates of this pathway characterized by higher oxidation levels, and finally to a total blocking of the shikimate pathway for the synthesis of micromolecules. It is hypothesized that the broad oxidation‐reduction potential of the angiosperms and the full expansion of the shikimate pathway present at the beginning of their evolutionary history provided a much greater capacity of micromolecular variation than was present in other plant groups and thus contributed significantly to their evolutionary success.
ELEMENTAL LEVELS AND RELATIONSHIPS IN THE ENDEMIC SERPENTINE FLORA OF THE GREAT DYKE, ZIMBABWE AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE AS CONTROLLING FACTORS FOR THE FLORA
Authors: Brooks Robert R. , Yang Xing‐hua
Published: June 2019

Fifty‐five specimens of 20 serpentine‐endemic phanerogams from the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe were analysed for nickel and 15 other elements. The data confirmed the hyperaccumulator status (> 1000 μg/g in dried material) of Pearsonia metallifera and identified a further three hyperaccumulators which have not previously been recorded: Blepharis acuminata, Merremia xanthophylla, and Rhus wildii. Dicoma niccolifera did not appear to have the hyperaccumulator status previously assigned to it. Chromium levels in no case exceeded 98 μg/g (dry weight) in contrast to previously published work on the same species which gave values at least 20 times higher. It is suggested that these earlier samples might have been contaminated from the Noro chrome mine from which they had been collected. Correlation analysis of the data indicated that except for nickel, other metals of the ferride group (chromium, cobalt, iron and manganese) were accumulated in vegetation in the same ratio as their occurrence in the soil and that there was no enrichment or rejection of any of these elements by the plants which accumulated them in a passive manner. Perhaps the most significant result of the study was the highly significant inverse relationship between magnesium in plants and the concentrations of the nutrients aluminium, boron, cobalt, iron, manganese, phosphorus and sodium. This finding points to the great importance of antagonism to nutrient uptake, caused by high magnesium levels in the soil and is probably the major cause of infertility of serpentine soils and of the development of specialised serpentine floras which have adapted to the unfavourable edaphic conditions.
SYZYGIUM NERVOSUM DC., CORRECT NAME FOR S. OPERCULATUM NIEDENZU (MYRTACEAE)
Authors: Panigrahi G. , Mishra S. C.
Published: June 2019

Syzygium nervosum DC. is established as the correct name for S. operculatum (Roxb.) Niedenzu and Cleistocalyx operculata (Roxb.) Merr. and Perry.
TAXONOMIC AND NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON THE HEDYOTIS CORYMBOSA‐DIFFUSA COMPLEX (RUBIACEAE) IN INDIA
Authors: Sivarajan V. V. , Biju S. D.
Published: June 2019

The taxonomy of Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam. and H. diffusa Willd. is highly problematic. We have now made detailed studies of these taxa and other closely related ones in India that are often confused. Hedyotis corymbosa has been found to be represented here only by var. corymbosa. Hedyotis erecta Manil. & Si var., which was reduced to H. corymbosa var. linearis (DC.) Deb & Duatta, is reinstated. Hedyotis diffusa Willd. is recognised and H. pseudocorymbosa Bakh. f. reduced to its synonymy. The correct name for the taxon usually referred to as Oldenlandia diffusa (sensu Roxb.) is Hedyotis brachypoda (DC.) Sivar. & Biju, based on Oldenlandia brachypoda DC.
University of Porto Herbarium (PO)
Authors: Folhadela E. , Aguiar‐Branco H. , da Silva R. Almeida , Carvalho A. C. , Salema R.
Published: June 2019

Folhadela, E., Aguiar‐Branco, H., Almeida da Silva, R., Carvalho, A. C. & Salema, R.: University of Porto Herbarium (PO). – Taxon 42: 723–725. 1993. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

This article updates the information in Index herbariorum (Holmgren & al., 1990). The history of and collections in the University of Porto Herbarium (PO) are presented. Mention is also made of some of the activities organized by the Herbarium.
Hegewald's Bryophyta collection transferred to Missouri Botanical Garden
Authors: Crosby Marshall R.
Published: June 2019

Crosby, M. R.: Hegewald's Bryophyta collection transferred to Missouri Botanical Garden. – Taxon 43: 487. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

The Bryophyta collection of Eberhard and Pirkko Hegewald (over 12,000 specimens), which is especially strong on specimens from Germany and Peru, has been transferred to the Missouri Botanical Garden.
Old herbaria of Polish botanists in Vilna and Kiev
Authors: Köhler Piotr
Published: June 2019

Köhler, P.: Old herbaria of Polish botanists in Vilna and Kiev. – Taxon 43: 487‐488. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

Information on the whereabouts of the collections of five Polish botanists working in the late 1700s and early 1800s in Vilna and Krzemieniec is presented.
The United States Potato Introduction Station Herbarium
Authors: Bamberg John B. , Spooner David M.
Published: June 2019

Bamberg, J. B. & Spooner, D. M.: The United States Potato Introduction Station Herbarium. – Taxon 43:489‐496. 1994. – ISSN 0040‐0262.

The United States Potato Introduction Station Herbarium at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, serves the National Research Support Program‐6 (NRSP‐6; formerly known as the Inter‐Regional Potato Introduction Project IR‐1). NRSP‐6 is part of the United States germplasm system and is the sole genebank for wild and cultivated potatoes in the United States. The genebank and herbarium are devoted entirely to wild and cultivated potatoes (Solanum sect. Petota). NRSP‐6 is charged with the introduction, preservation, classification, evaluation, and distribution of potato germplasm worldwide. Recent expeditions and grants for upgrading the herbarium and associated facilities have provided a valuable new international resource for researchers in S. sect. Petota.
Humboldt, Willdenow, and Polygala (Polygalaceae)
Authors: Holmgren Patricia K. , Holmgren Noel H. , Rodríguez Rosa Rankin , Greuter Werner
Published: June 2019

Rankin Rodriguez, R. & Greuter, W.: Humboldt, Willdenow, and Polygala (Polygalaceae). – Taxon 50: 1231–1247.2001. ‐ ISSN 0040–0262.

Based on published sources (including contemporary correspondence) and the Humboldt expedition's field notebooks, some information on Humboldt and Bonpland's plant collections in their relation to Willdenow and his Species plantarum is provided. The genus Polygala served as a test sample. The Willdenow Herbarium (B‐W) holds 23 Polygala specimens from the Humboldt expedition (several others were erroneously attributed to Humboldt), representing 17 of the 18 species described by Kunth in the Nova genera. The following main conclusions are drawn: (1) three types of handwriting can be recognised on the expedition's field labels in B‐W, which are identified as Bonpland's, Humboldt's, and a third one that is tentatively ascribed to an unknown field assistant; (2) a full set of the plant collections from Venezuela was sent to Willdenow from Havana early in 1801 and had been received in Berlin by September 1802; (3) in vol. 3(2) of Willdenow's Species plantarum, published in early November 1802, a single species (Hypericum caracasanum) was described based on the new Humboldt material; (4) the numbers found on many of Humboldt's labels refer to the numbered entries in the field notebooks, but are not collection numbers in the modern sense, because many collections, on which no notes were taken, remained unnumbered; (5) numbering was fairly consistent, all duplicates of collections on which field notes exist being normally numbered, except when the label was accidentally lost; (6) the set of duplicates given by Humboldt to Willdenow was virtually complete, but the equally complete set in Bonpland's herbarium (P‐Bonpl.), having been studied by Kunth in the first place, should be used to typify the names of new taxa first published in the Nova genera. Based on an improved understanding of the background of these collections, a recently proposed type designation for Polygala tenella Willd. is rejected. This long forgotten name is here neotypified in such a way as to retain its traditional place in the synonymy of P. paniculata L.
Quantifying the effects of the differential outcomes procedure in humans: A systematic review and a meta‐analysis
Authors: McCormack Jessica C. , Elliffe Douglas , Virués‐Ortega Javier
Published: June 2019

We present a systematic review and a meta‐analysis comparing the differential outcomes procedure to a nondifferential outcomes procedure among clinical and nonclinical populations. Sixty distinct experiments were included in the systematic review, 43 of which were included in the meta‐analysis. We calculated pooled effect sizes for accuracy (overall accuracy, test accuracy, transfer accuracy) and acquisition outcomes (latency, errors, and trials to mastery). The meta‐analysis revealed significant medium‐to‐large effect sizes for all three accuracy measures (pooled effect size range, 0.57 to 1.30). We found relatively greater effect sizes among clinical populations (effect size = 1.04). The single‐subject experimental literature included in the systematic review was consistent with the findings from the group studies, demonstrating improvements in accuracy and speed of learning for the majority of participants. Moderator and subgroup analyses suggest that discrimination difficulty may induce relatively larger differential outcomes effects. The results indicate that the differential outcomes procedure can be a valuable addition to reinforcement‐based interventions.
Factors Associated With Osteoporosis Care of Men Hospitalized for Hip Fracture: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Solimeo Samantha L , McCoy Kimberly , Reisinger Heather Schacht , Adler Robert A , Vaughan Sarrazin Mary
Published: June 2019

Rates of postfracture DXA and pharmacotherapy appear to be declining despite their known benefits in fracture reduction. We sought to identify factors associated with osteoporosis care among male veterans aged 50 years and older after hip fracture and to evaluate trends in rates of care with an observational cohort design using US Department of Veterans Affairs’ (VA) inpatient, pharmacy, and outpatient encounters and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services outpatient pharmacy claims (2007 to 2014) from men aged 50 years and older treated for hip fracture (N = 7317). We used the Cox proportional hazards model with random effects for the admitting facility. A sensitivity analysis was performed for a subset of patients aged 65 to 99 dually enrolled in Medicare (
N = 5821). Overall, approximately 13% of patients had evidence of osteoporosis care within one year of fracture. In the adjusted model, rural residence was associated with lower likelihood of care, and several comorbidities were associated with higher likelihood of receiving care. In sensitivity analyses of patients dually enrolled in Medicare, rural residence remained associated with lower likelihood of osteoporosis care. Overall rates of care decreased over time, but rates of DXA in the VA remained stable. These findings highlight the ongoing problem of low rates of postfracture care among a population with the highest risk of future fracture and its associated morbidity and mortality. The rural disparity in care and differences in rates of care across healthcare delivery systems illustrates the importance of healthcare delivery systems in promoting pharmacotherapy and DXA after sentinel events. Because the VA removes a majority of cost barriers to care, this integrated healthcare system may outperform the private sector in access to care. However, declining rates of pharmacotherapy imply knowledge gaps that undermine quality care. © 2019 The Authors. JBMR Plus is published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
AA genotype of cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism increases breast cancer risk: Findings of a case‐control study and meta‐analysis
Authors: Akhter Naseem , Alzahrani Faisal Abdulrahman , Dar Sajad Ahmad , Wahid Mohd , Sattar Real Sumayya Abdul , Hussain Showket , Haque Shafiul , Ansari Shakeel Ahmed , Jawed Arshad , Mandal Raju K. , Almalki Shaia , Alharbi Raed A. , Husain Syed Akhtar
Published: June 2019

Background

Cyclin D1 (CCND1) polymorphisms, a regulator of the cell cycle progress from G1 to the S phase, may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and lack of apoptosis. G870A, a common single‐nucleotide polymorphism in CCND1 influences breast cancer risk. However, the association between G870A polymorphism and breast cancer risk is ambiguous so far.

Materials and Methods

In this case‐control study, we analyzed the role of G870A polymorphism with breast cancer risk in Indian women. A meta‐analysis of 18 studies was also performed to elucidate this association by increasing statistical power.

Results

In our case‐control study, significant risk association of the CCND1 G870A AA genotype with breast cancer in total cohort (odds ratio [OR], 2.98; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.64‐5.42; P value, 4.96e‐04) and premenopausal women (OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.54‐7.08; P value, .003) was found. The results of the meta‐analysis showed that AA genotype of the CCND1 G870A polymorphism significantly increases breast cancer risk in total pooled data (AA vs GG+GA: OR = 1.20; 95% CI = 1.03 to 1.39; P value, 0.016*) and Caucasian (AA vs GG+GA: OR = 1.22; 95% CI = 0.99 to 1.51; P value, .056*) but not in Asian population. Further, a significant protective association with breast cancer was also found in the GA vs AA comparison model in pooled data (OR = 0.73; 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.92; P value, .007*) as well as in Caucasian subgroup (OR = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.49 to 0.94; P value, .022*).

Conclusion

CCND1 G870A AA genotype was found associated with breast cancer risk. Future association studies considering the environmental impact on gene expression are required to validate/explore this association.
A truncated PACT protein resulting from a frameshift mutation reported in movement disorder DYT16 triggers caspase activation and apoptosis
Authors: Burnett Samuel B , Vaughn Lauren S , Strom Joelle M , Francois Ashley , Patel Rekha C.
Published: June 2019

Protein Activator (PACT) activates the interferon (IFN)‐induced double‐stranded (ds) RNA‐activated protein kinase (PKR) in response to stress signals. Oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress causes PACT‐mediated PKR activation, which leads to phosphorylation of translation initiation factor eIF2α, inhibition of protein synthesis, and apoptosis. A dominantly inherited form of early‐onset dystonia 16 (DYT16) has been identified to arise due to a frameshift (FS) mutation in PACT. To examine the effect of the resulting truncated mutant PACT protein on the PKR pathway, we examined the biochemical properties of the mutant protein and its effect on mammalian cells. Our results indicate that the FS mutant protein loses its ability to bind dsRNA as well as its ability to interact with PKR while surprisingly retaining the ability to interact with PACT and PKR‐inhibitory protein TRBP. The truncated FS mutant protein, when expressed as a fusion protein with a N‐terminal fluorescent mCherry tag aggregates in mammalian cells to induce apoptosis via activation of caspases both in a PKR‐ and PACT‐dependent as well as independent manner. Our results indicate that interaction of FS mutant protein with PKR inhibitor TRBP can dissociate PACT from the TRBP‐PACT complex resulting in PKR activation and consequent apoptosis. These findings are relevant to diseases resulting from protein aggregation especially since the PKR activation is a characteristic of several neurodegenerative conditions.
DFT calculations on molecular structures, HOMO–LUMO study, reactivity descriptors and spectral analyses of newly synthesized diorganotin(IV) 2‐chloridophenylacetohydroxamate complexes
Authors: Choudhary VineetKumar , Bhatt ArvindKumar , Dash Dibyajit , Sharma Neeraj
Published: June 2019

The gas‐phase‐optimized geometry of newly synthesized and characterized diorganotin(IV) 2‐chloridophenylacetohydroxamate complexes of composition [Me2Sn(HL)2] (I) and [n‐Bu2Sn(HL)2] (II) (where KHL = potassium 2‐chloridophenylacetohydroxamate (2‐ClPhAHK); [Me2Sn(2‐ClC6H4CH2CONHO)2] (I) and [n‐Bu2Sn(2‐ClC6H4CH2CONHO)2] (II) computed by B3LYP/6‐311++G(d,p) method has shown these to be distorted octahedral. Bonding through carbonyl and hydroxamic oxygen atoms (O, O coordination) has been inferred from a comparison of computed important bond lengths (CO, CN, and NO) of complexes with that of free ligand. The SnO bond lengths in complexes are suggestive of weak coordinate (through carbonyl CO) and strong covalent (through hydroxamic NO) bonding of the ligand. The magnitude of CSnC bond angles involving two methyl/n‐butyl groups is suggestive of cis‐conformation at tin metal. The thermodynamic parameters (G, H, S, E, Cv, and U) of complexes have been computed. From the energies of frontier molecular orbitals (HOMO–LUMO), the reactivity descriptors, namely, ionization potential, electron affinity, chemical potential (μ), hardness (η), softness (S), electronegativity (χ), and electrophilicity index (ω) have been calculated. The computed vibrational frequencies and 1H NMR chemical shifts have substantiated the molecular structure of complexes. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Correlation of microRNA expression profile with clinical response to tumor necrosis factor inhibitor in treating rheumatoid arthritis patients: A prospective cohort study
Authors: Liu Yaqiong , Han Yonghong , Qu Huanru , Fang Jingpin , Ye Mei , Yin Wanling
Published: June 2019

Background

This study aimed to explore the correlation of circulating microRNA (miRNA) expression profile with clinical response to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitor in treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.

Methods

Baseline PBMC samples from eight responders and eight non‐responders after 24‐week TNF inhibitor (etanercept) treatment were subjected to miRNA microarray. Then, top 10 dysregulated miRNAs were selected and further validated by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) in baseline PBMC samples from 92 RA patients treated with 24‐week TNF inhibitor (etanercept). Responders and non‐responders were divided referring to the decline in disease activity score in 28 joints.

Results

In microarray assay, total 59 upregulated and 78 downregulated miRNAs were identified in responders compared to non‐responders, which were mainly enriched in regulating immune‐ and inflammation‐related biological processes and pathways. The top 10 dysregulated miRNAs were as follows: miR‐192‐5p, miR‐146a‐5p, miR‐19b‐3p, miR‐320c, miR‐335‐5p, miR‐149‐3p, miR‐766‐3p, let‐7a‐5p, miR‐24‐3p, and miR‐1226‐5p. In qPCR validation, miR‐146a‐5p was increased, while let‐7a‐5p was decreased in responders compared with non‐responders. Multivariate logistic analysis illuminated that miR‐146a‐5p and CRP independently correlated with higher clinical response, while let‐7a‐5p and biologics history independently associated with lower clinical response. Subsequently, receiver operating characteristic curve showed that combination of these four independent factors presented with a great predictive value for clinical response with area under curve: 0.863, 95% CI 0.781‐0.945.

Conclusion

miRNA expression profile is closely implicated in the treatment efficacy of TNF inhibitor, and combined measurement of miR‐146a‐5p, let‐7a‐5p, CRP, and biologics history disclosed a great predictive value for clinical response to TNF inhibitor in RA patients.
Differentiation agents increase the potential AraC therapy of AML by reactivating cell death pathways without enhancing ROS generation
Authors: Wang Xuening , Dawod Alaa , Nachliely Matan , Harrison Jonathan S. , Danilenko Michael , Studzinski George P.
Published: June 2019

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has a poor prognosis and requires new approaches for treatment. We have reported that a combination of vitamin D‐based cell differentiation agents (doxercalciferol/carnosic acid [D2/CA]) added following the cytotoxic drug arabinocytosine (AraC) increases AML cell death (CD), a model for improved therapy of this disease. Because AraC‐induced CD is known to involve reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, here we investigated if the modulation of cellular REDOX status plays a role in the enhancement of cell death (ECD) by D2/CA. Using thiol antioxidants, such asN‐acetyl cysteine (NAC), we found a significant inhibition of ECD, yet this occurred in the absence of any detectable change in cellular ROS levels. In contrast, NAC reduced the vitamin D receptor (VDR) abundance and its signaling of ECD. Importantly, VDR knockdown and NAC similarly inhibited ECD without producing an additive effect. Thus, the proposed post‐AraC therapy may be compromised by agents that reduce VDR levels in AML blasts.
First‐in‐Human Study to Assess the Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Pharmacodynamics of an Oral Formulation of DS‐1040, an Inhibitor of the Activated Form of Thrombin‐Activatable Fibrinolysis Inhibitor, in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Zhou Jin , Limsakun Tharin , Yin Ophelia , Warren Vance , Zamora Cynthia , Atiee George , Kochan Jarema , Pav Joseph , Kobayashi Fumiaki , Vashi Vijay , Dishy Victor
Published: June 2019

DS‐1040, a low‐molecular‐weight imidazole derivative, inhibits the enzymatic activity of thrombin‐activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFIa), enhancing endogenous tissue plasminogen activator–triggered fibrinolysis. This first‐in‐human, randomized, placebo‐controlled, phase 1 study evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and pharmacodynamics (PD) of an oral formulation of DS‐1040. Healthy adults (aged 20‐45 years; N = 56) were randomized 3:1 to receive DS‐1040 orally administered as single ascending doses (50, 100, 200, or 400 mg) or placebo, or DS‐1040 multiple ascending doses (100 mg once daily, 200 mg once daily, or 150 mg twice daily) or placebo for 14 days. Safety, PK, and PD parameters were assessed. All doses of DS‐1040 were well tolerated; no serious/severe adverse events (AEs) or discontinuations due to AEs occurred. DS‐1040 had no effect on coagulation parameters, and no treatment‐related trends in the bleeding time were observed. DS‐1040 exposure (peak concentration and area under the concentration‐time curve) increased in a dose‐proportional manner across the single‐dose range. With multiple doses, steady state was achieved by day 7 with minimal accumulation (mean accumulation ratio 1.15‐1.25), and the PK was time‐independent. After 72 hours, approximately 10% of the DS‐1040 400‐mg single dose was recovered in urine as intact parent drug. The mean terminal half‐life ranged from 17.2 to 24.9 hours, which was similar to previous intravenous administration data. Dose‐dependent inhibition of total TAFIa activity was observed following single and multiple doses of oral DS‐1040. The safety and PK/PD profiles of oral DS‐1040 in healthy subjects support further clinical development.
Using national laboratory data to assess cumulative frequency of linkage after transfer to community‐based HIV clinics in South Africa
Authors: Bassett Ingrid V , Huang Mingshu , Cloete Christie , Candy Sue , Giddy Janet , Frank Simone C , Freedberg Kenneth A , Losina Elena , Walensky Rochelle P , Parker Robert A
Published: June 2019

Introduction

Changes to the U.S. President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) funding have led to closures of non‐governmental HIV clinics with patient transfers to government‐funded clinics. We sought to determine the success of transfers in South Africa using a national data source.

Methods

All adults (≥18 years) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) who visited a single PEPFAR‐funded hospital‐based HIV clinic in Durban, South Africa from March to June 2012 were transferred to community‐based clinics. Previously, we matched patient records from the hospital‐based HIV clinic with National Health Laboratory Services (NHLS) Corporate Data Warehouse (CDW) data to estimate the proportion of patients with a CD4 count or viral load (VL) in the CDW during the year before transfer. As a proxy for retention in care, in this study we evaluated whether patients had a CD4 count or VL at another facility within approximately three years of transfer. Patients referred to a private doctor at transfer were excluded from the analysis. We assessed predictors (age, sex, CD4 count, VL status, ART duration and location of future care) of not having post‐transfer laboratory data using Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Of the 3893 patients referred to a government facility at transfer, 41% were male and median age was 39 years (IQR 34 to 46). There was a post‐transfer CD4 count or VL from another facility for 23% of these individuals within six months, 44% within one year, 57% within two years and 61% within approximately three years. Male sex (aHR 1.20, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.31) and shorter duration on ART (<3 months, aHR 3.80, 95% CI 2.77 to 5.21; three months to one year, aHR 1.32, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.51, each compared with >1 year) were associated with not having a post‐transfer record.

Conclusions

Using data from the NHLS CDW, 61% of patients had evidence of a post‐transfer laboratory record at another facility within approximately three years after closure of a large South African HIV clinic. Males and those with shorter time on ART prior to transfer were at highest risk for lacking follow‐up laboratory data. As patients transfer care, national data sources can be used to evaluate long‐term patient care trajectories.
Odontocete peduncle tendons for possible control of fluke orientation and flexibility
Authors: Adams Danielle S. , Fish Frank E.
Published: June 2019

Dorso‐ventral oscillations of cetacean caudal flukes generate lift‐based thrust for swimming. Movements of the flukes are actuated by epaxial and hypaxial muscles through caudal tendons inserting onto vertebrate in the peduncle. To determine if the caudal tendons in the peduncle affect the flexibility of the flukes, we must understand how the tendons from axial muscles insert onto the caudal vertebrate. The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed description of the various tendons within the cetacean peduncle with regard to their role in swimming and flexibility. Dissection of the peduncle and flukes of multiple odontocete species showed that there were two distinct epaxial tendon sets within the peduncle: (1) extensor caudae medialis tendon (ECM) and (2) extensor caudae lateralis tendon (ECL). There is one distinct hypaxial tendon set, the medial tendon of the hypaxialis lumborum (MHL). The ECM and MHL tendons inserted serially onto caudal vertebrae while the ECL inserted exclusively onto the terminal vertebrae posterior to the fluke insertion. It is typical that tendons insert onto bone, however, the connection to the core fibrous layer of the flukes suggests an element of active control of the flexibility of the flukes via the axial muscles. Tension from muscular contraction transmitted through the tendons could affect both spanwise and chordwise flexibility. Changing flexibility could modulate thrust and efficiency over an extended operation range of swimming speeds in cetaceans.
Phylogenetic and immunoinformatic analysis of VP4, VP7, and NSP4 genes of rotavirus strains circulating in children with acute gastroenteritis in Indonesia
Authors: Nirwati Hera , Donato Celeste M. , Ikram Aqsa , Aman Abu T. , Wibawa Tri , Kirkwood Carl D. , Soenarto Yati , Pan Qiuwei , Hakim Mohamad S.
Published: June 2019

Rotavirus is a major cause of diarrhea in Indonesian children. However, rotavirus vaccines have not been introduced in the national immunization program of Indonesia. Understanding the genetic diversity and conserved antigenic regions of circulating strains are therefore essential to assess the potential efficacy of rotavirus vaccines. We collected fecal samples from hospitalized children less than 5 years of age with acute diarrhea. Rotavirus genotyping was performed by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, followed by sequencing of the VP4, VP7, and NSP4 genes of representative strains. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to investigate their relationship with globally circulating strains. Conservational analysis, immunoinformatics, and epitope mapping in comparison to vaccine strains were also performed. The sequence analyses showed that differences of multiple amino acid residues existed between the VP4, VP7, and NSP4 antigenic regions of the vaccine strains and the Indonesian isolates. However, many predicted conserved epitopes with higher antigenicity were observed in the vaccine and Indonesian strains, conferring the importance of these epitopes. The identified epitopes showed a higher potential of rotavirus vaccine to be employed in Indonesia. It could also be helpful to inform the design of a peptide vaccine based on the conserved regions and epitopes in the viral proteins.
Creative Collaboration in Young Children’s Playful Group Drawing
Authors: Kukkonen Tiina , Chang‐Kredl Sandra , Bolden Benjamin
Published: June 2019

Collaborations that lead to creative outputs occur within different group contexts and with diverse populations, including young children. Two cases of collaborative drawing are presented in this article to consider how young children engage in creative collaboration by negotiating meaning with others through open‐ended group drawing. We conceptualize group drawing as a form of social play where children can advance personal creative abilities through interactions and shared understandings with others. The two cases derive from a study that examined young children's group play through drawing. A preschool class of 16 children (aged 4–5) was observed during free play over eight 1‐hour sessions. Children were free to come and go as they pleased from an art station consisting of large drawing surfaces and a variety of drawing materials. Findings from the two selected cases suggest the development of shared meaning supports creative collaboration in group drawing situations, as children use a variety of verbal and non‐verbal strategies to communicate their ideas. Implications are offered for early childhood educators and environments seeking to promote creative collaboration.
Crystallization of single and binary iron‐ and aluminum hydroxides affect phosphorus desorption
Authors: Gypser Stella , Schütze Elisabeth , Freese Dirk
Published: June 2019

In acidic soils, phosphorus availability is affected by its strong affinity for mineral surfaces, especially Fe‐ and Al‐hydroxides. Plant roots have developed adaptive strategies to enhance the availability of phosphorus, including producing and exuding low molecular weight organic acids with a high affinity for phosphorus that competes with high molecular weight organic ligands formed during humification and mineralization. The aim of this study was to characterize the kinetics and mechanism of phosphorus desorption from Fe‐ and Al‐hydroxides of variable crystallinity, as well as binary Fe:Al‐hydroxide mixtures. Long‐term desorption experiments (56 days) were conducted with CaCl2, CaSO4, citric acid, and humic acid as competitive sorptives. CaCl2 and CaSO4 were selected as general inorganic sorptives and citric and humic acids were selected as organic ligands produced by organisms in the rhizosphere or following humification. The cumulative phosphorus desorption increased following the order CaCl2 < CaSO4 < humic acid < citric acid. Amorphous ferrihydrite and Fe‐rich Fe:Al‐hydroxides exhibited much less desorption when exposed to inorganic solutions than the crystalline and Al‐rich Fe:Al‐hydroxide mixtures. Models of the desorption data suggest phosphorus desorption with citric acid is diffusion‐controlled for ferrihydrite and Fe‐rich amorphous Fe:Al‐hydroxides. When humic acid was the sorptive, metal‐organic complexes accumulated in the solution. The results suggest organic compounds, especially citric acid, are more important for liberating phosphorus from Fe‐ and Al‐minerals than inorganic ions present in the soil solution.
Evaluation of Lysophospholipid Measurement in Cerebrospinal Fluid Samples using Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Morita Yoshifumi , Kurano Makoto , Sakai Eri , Nishikawa Masako , Sawabe Motoji , Aoki Junken , Yatomi Yutaka
Published: June 2019

A quantification system for lysophospholipids (lysoPL) was developed, especially for blood samples, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS). However, the lysoPL measurement in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has not been validated. Therefore, the present study aimed to validate the lysoPL measurement using CSF samples and to elucidate the possible clinical significance of the lysoPL measurement in CSF. For the validation, we observed a good precision and linearity in a sample with high lysoPL levels. The concentrations of lysoPL changed after incubation but the changes were smaller than those observed for serum samples. Moreover, we observed that the CSF levels of 16:0, 18:0 lysophosphatidylcholine, and 18:0, 18:1, and 20:4 lysophosphatidic acid were significantly higher in subjects with central nervous system invasion caused by hematological malignancies or carcinoma than in subjects with no abnormal CSF test results. In conclusion, an LC–MS/MS quantification system for lysoPL in CSF might be useful and could be applied to clinical laboratory testing.
The rabbit brachial plexus as a model for nerve injury and repair Part 1: Anatomic study of the biceps and triceps innervation
Authors: Kollitz Kathleen M. , Giusti Guilherme , Friedrich Patricia F. , Bishop Allen T. , Shin Alexander Y.
Published: June 2019

Purpose

Animal models can be helpful in evaluating new surgical strategies for brachial plexus reconstruction. While several groups have already used the rabbit brachial plexus to model injury, reports conflict in anatomic detail and do not identify a nerve‐muscle pair to measure motor function recovery after reconstruction. The purpose of the current study is to describe the innervations of the biceps and triceps muscles in rabbits, which are both amenable to study in brachial plexus injury models.

Materials and Methods

Thirteen rabbits weighing 2–2.5 kg were anesthetized. Six rabbits were sacrificed and dissected using loupe and microscope magnification to understand the overall morphology of the brachial plexus. Seven rabbits underwent electrophysiologic investigation. A bipolar nerve stimulator was used to systematically stimulate the roots, trunks and divisions, and nerve branches of the rabbit brachial plexus and compound muscle action potential was used to record muscle response. Nerve length and width measurements were not recorded.

Results

Roots contributing to the brachial plexus were C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1. In contrast to other anatomical studies, T2 did not contribute to the brachial plexus. The triceps was innervated by the radial nerve, which received contributions from C6 (1.6 mA), C7 (1.9 mA), C8, and T1 (12.2 mA).The biceps had dual innervation (proximally and distally). The proximal branch received contributions from C6 (3.5 mA) and C7 (5mA). The distal portion was innervated by a branch from the median nerve, which received innervation from C6, C7, C8, and T1.

Conclusions

The overall structure of rabbit brachial plexus is described and innervation of the biceps and triceps is described in detail. This anatomic investigation will form the basis of a future brachial plexus model of injury and repair.
Essential Amino Acids, Vitamins, and Minerals Moderate the Relationship between the Right Frontal Pole and Measures of Memory
Authors: Key Mickeal N. , Zwilling Christopher E. , Talukdar Tanveer , Barbey Aron K.
Published: June 2019

Scope

Nutrition has increasingly been recognized for its ability to help prevent and protect against disease, inspiring new programs of research that translate findings from nutritional science into innovative assessment tools, technologies, and therapies to advance the practice of modern medicine. A central aim in this effort is to discover specific dietary patterns that promote healthy brain aging and moderate the engagement of neural systems known to facilitate cognitive performance in later life.

Methods and Results

The present study therefore investigates estimates of nutrient intake derived from food frequency questionnaires, structural measures of brain volume via high‐resolution magnetic resonance imaging, and standardized neuropsychological measures of memory performance in nondemented elders (n = 111) using a moderation analysis. The results reveal that the essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals nutrient pattern moderates the positive relationship between the volume of the right frontal pole and measures of both delayed and auditory memory.

Conclusions

Our findings demonstrate that a nutrient pattern including macro‐ and micronutrients moderate the effect of brain structure on cognitive function in old age and support the efficacy of interdisciplinary methods in nutritional cognitive neuroscience for the study of healthy brain aging.