bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iatrogenic Tracheal Injury During Endotracheal Tube Exchange in a COVID-19 Patient: A Case Report
Authors: Nguyen Connie P. , Lee Jessica J. , Chen Michelle Y. , Heinz Eric R. , Diab Khalil , Pla Raymond A.
Published: April 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has increased the need for prolonged intubation and mechanical ventilation. Though a rare complication of mechanical intubation, tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEFs) are severe and life-threatening. We present a patient with COVID-19 pneumonia who developed an iatrogenic TEF suspected to have been acquired during traumatic reintubation. After optimizing her for surgery, management of the TEF included tracheostomy tube placement at the distal end of the tracheal injury and placement of a stent over the defect. CT scan later showed migration of the stent into the esophagus that required removal. Despite receiving supportive therapy, the patients’ status declined and the patient shortly expired. By increasing demand for prolonged mechanical ventilation, complicating intubations amid fears of transmission, and potentially causing inflammatory tracheal damage, COVID-19 creates heightened obstacles to intubation that may put patients at risk of acquiring tracheal injuries. Increased awareness of possible tracheal injuries should be made by considering the many risk factors.
CROSS-NATIONAL COMPARISON OF DYNAMIC INEFFICIENCY FOR EUROPEAN DIETETIC FOOD MANUFACTURING FIRMS
Authors: Kapelko Magdalena , Harasym Joanna , Orkusz Agnieszka , Piwowar Arkadiusz
Published: April 2022

Food health and wellness has become increasingly important for consumers, and this has inevitably caused growth in the dietetic food manufacturing sector. This paper examines the technical inefficiency of dietetic food manufacturing firms in five major dietetic food producing European countries (France, Italy, Norway, Poland and Spain) for the period 2009–2017. To account for the sluggish adjustment of capital, we employed a dynamic production framework within the nonparametric method of Data Envelopment Analysis. Furthermore, we used the concept of a metafrontier to compare inefficiency between countries and analyzed three inefficiency measures: estimated with regard to a metafrontier (pooled dynamic inefficiency), computed with reference to country-specific frontier (managerial dynamic inefficiency), and the gap between these two frontier measures (program dynamic inefficiency). The results indicate that firms in Poland were the least dynamically inefficient among countries analyzed, while companies in Norway were at the opposite end of the spectrum. Managerial inefficiency was the largest source of pooled inefficiency for firms in France and Italy, while program inefficiency was the main reason of pooled inefficiency for firms in Norway, Poland and Spain. The results also reveal that investments were the most inefficient factor, followed by output, materials and employees.
Effects of Isoscalar- and Isovector-scalar Meson Mixing on Neutron Star Structure
Authors: Li Fan , Cai Bao-Jun , Zhou Ying , Jiang Wei-Zhou , Chen Lie-Wen
Published: April 2022

Based on the accurately calibrated interaction FSUGold, we show that including isovector-scalar δ meson and its coupling to isoscalar-scalar σ meson in the relativistic mean-field (RMF) model can soften the symmetry energy E
sym(n) at intermediate densities while stiffening the E
sym(n) at high densities. We find this new RMF model can be simultaneously compatible with (1) the constraints on the equation of state of symmetric nuclear matter at suprasaturation densities from flow data in heavy-ion collisions; (2) the neutron skin thickness of 208Pb from the PREX-II experiment; (3) the largest mass of a neutron star (NS) reported so far from PSR J0740+6620; (4) the limit of Λ1.4 ≤ 580 for the dimensionless tidal deformability of the canonical 1.4 M
⊙ NS from the gravitational-wave signal GW170817; (5) the mass–radius relation of PSR J0030+0451 and PSR J0740+6620 measured by NICER. The new model thus removes the tension between PREX-II and GW170817 observed in the conventional RMF model.
Convective Penetration in Early-type Stars
Authors: Jermyn Adam S. , Anders Evan H. , Lecoanet Daniel , Cantiello Matteo
Published: April 2022

Observations indicate that the convective cores of stars must ingest a substantial amount of material from the overlying radiative zone, but the extent of this mixing and the mechanism that causes it remain uncertain. Recently, Anders et al. developed a theory of convective penetration and calibrated it with 3D numerical hydrodynamics simulations. Here we employ that theory to predict the extent of convective boundary mixing (CBM) in early-type main-sequence stars. We find that convective penetration produces enough mixing to explain core masses inferred from asteroseismology and eclipsing binary studies, and matches observed trends in mass and age. While there are remaining uncertainties in the theory, this agreement suggests that most CBM in early-type main-sequence stars arises from convective penetration. Finally, we provide a fitting formula for the extent of core convective penetration for main-sequence stars in the mass range from 1.1–60 M
⊙.
Limits on the Hard X-Ray Emission From the Periodic Fast Radio Burst FRB 180916.J0158+65
Authors: Laha Sibasish , Wadiasingh Zorawar , Parsotan Tyler , Lien Amy , Younes George , Zhang Bing , Bradley Cenko S. , Troja Eleonora , Oates Samantha , Nicholl Matt , Meyer Eileen , Becerra González Josefa , Ghosh Ritesh , Klingler Noel
Published: April 2022

FRB 180916.J0158+65 is one of the nearest, periodically repeating, and actively bursting fast radio bursts (FRBs) that has been localized to the outskirts of a spiral galaxy. In this work we study the FRB with the hard X-ray 14–195 keV data from the Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on board The Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory. BAT uses coded mask technology giving a localization of ≲3′ in the hard X-ray band, along with an accurate background estimation. BAT has been observing the source location in survey mode since 2020 February. The survey mode observations involve background subtracted spectra, integrated over a time span ranging 300–2000 s at the source location (from 2022 February–2022 January). We analyzed all the ∼230 survey mode observations from BAT and checked for any signal in any of the observations. We did not detect any signal at >5σ confidence level in any of the observations. We could estimate a 5σ upper limit on the 14–195 keV flux, which ranged between 4.5 × 10−10–7.6 × 10−9 erg cm−2 s−1. At the source distance this relates to a 5σ upper limit on a luminosity of 5.08 × 1044–8.5 × 1045 erg s−1. With this estimate, we could rule out any persistent X-ray emission at the source location for these snapshots of BAT observations.
The Interplay Between In-Game Activity, Learning Gains, and Enjoyment in a Serious Game on STEM
Authors: Valiente Jose A. Ruipérez
Published: April 2022

The exponential growth of technology is transforming most existing sectors in the world. One of the technologies that is significantly impacting our society is video games, which have become a new cultural form of expression. Moreover, research suggests that, especially within educational contexts, they present great learning opportunities. However, little is known in serious games about the interplay of the in-game activity, learning gains, and enjoyment with the game. Therefore, in this chapter, the authors use data from a pilot study conducted with a STEM inquiry-learning serious game to compute behavioral metrics and analyze their relationship with the learning gains and enjoyment of students based on survey responses. The author reports on the exploratory results of the different metrics and correlation analysis to analyze the interplay between these three sets of metrics. This work will exemplify the potential that learning analytics approaches and serious games have to transform education and training across contexts.
The Case of a Serious Game to Prepare 320 International Students for Virtual Learning in Project Management During a Pandemic
Authors: Wang Kun , Stewart Ian
Published: April 2022

To address the learning, teaching, and functional issues in a pandemic, large-sized class, and virtual learning environment, a two-week-long serious game was designed to act as the main welcome activity. Three hundred twenty students played through four scenarios with the pandemic as their background, and a narrative device contributed to an immersive learning environment. The game was deployed over two weeks, using a range of reports, video content, online collaborative platforms, and novelty applied mass communication theory, which effectively enhanced inter- and intra-team interaction and prepared the students for their project management team-based experiential learning. This case study will walk readers through the processes and theories used to create the game and ensure its operational, social, and pedagogic benefits.
Application of Gamification in Modern Education
Authors: Ahmad Adnan , Zeshan Furkh , Hamid Muhammad , Marriam Rutab , Samreen Alia
Published: April 2022

When game elements are used in other domains, it is referred to as “gamification,” which is used to improve the engagement and motivation level of users. These benefits encourage its use in education to enhance student engagement, motivation, and learning outcomes. This chapter highlights the historical advent of gamification, its blending into the educational domain, an overview of various platforms to aid this blending, and an exploration of studies signifying its benefits in education. This chapter also outlines a case study to investigate its effectiveness and provides some practical considerations for the educational industry. The analysis suggests that gamification can be considered as a complementary tool to be integrated into the traditional classroom environment.
Immersive Learning in Neonatal Resuscitation Education
Authors: Cutumisu Maria , Ghoman Simran K. , Schmölzer Georg M.
Published: April 2022

Resuscitation Training for healthcare professionals (RETAIN) is an immersive simulation-based platform that aims to improve access for neonatal resuscitation providers. This review of the research that measures the educational outcomes of training with RETAIN identified nine original research papers, two review papers, and one case study. Findings show that RETAIN is clinically relevant, engaging, improves short-and long-term knowledge and transfer of the key steps of neonatal resuscitation, and may be used as a formative or summative assessment. Further, performance on the RETAIN digital simulator was moderated by healthcare professional (HCP) attitudes, including growth mindset, and was compared across clusters obtained based on HCPs' attitudes towards technology. This simulator presents an attractive and accessible immersive learning approach towards training and assessing neonatal resuscitation competence. By improving the knowledge and skills of neonatal resuscitation providers, immersive media such as RETAIN may ultimately improve health outcomes for our smallest patients.
Immersive Games for Neurodiversity and Mental Health in Children and Young Adults
Authors: Li Richard Chen , Belter Meike , Platt-Young Zoë , Lukosch Heide Karen
Published: April 2022

Mental health and neurodevelopmental disorders are common among children and young adults. They can negatively affect children's social behaviour, development, and performance in school. This chapter discusses three common mental health and neurodevelopmental disorders and how serious immersive games could support this group. Serious immersive games are games that are designed with a certain purpose in mind and make use of immersive technologies like virtual or augmented reality. As games are a vital element of youth culture, the authors claim that immersive game elements could be utilized to engage a larger group with the health system and offer safe and motivating environments. This chapter shows that work exists to explore the use of games or immersive technologies in mental health support. However, the authors also show that there are shortcomings in the current research and propose research directions to address those.
A Framework for a Location-Specific Self-Adaptive Serious Game for Watershed Management
Authors: Beri Sonali , Khosla Arun , Pujar Girish S. , Singh Parampreet
Published: April 2022

Serious games are potential providers of education and are in trend nowadays as they are a combination of education and fun. There are various applications for it, and one of those is in the context of natural resource management. Water scarcity is an issue that is being witnessed nowadays all over the world. Annual water consumption is much more than that of groundwater recharge. To overcome such issues, a watershed can be an efficient approach leading towards groundwater replenishment and improving the quality of water, along with other benefits like preventing soil erosion, floods, etc. A GIS-based serious game for watershed management will be a good way to increase stakeholder participation in water resource conservation and management. Adding an extra element to this project can be beneficial. It is to make the game GIS or geospatially adaptive (i.e., a framework to be implemented to replicate the game to different locations without human intervention).
Unveiling the Potential of Learning Analytics in Game-Based Learning
Authors: Valiente Jose A. Ruipérez
Published: April 2022

Due to technological advancement, the authors see a huge change in the way of teaching and learning. Game-based learning (GBL) is applied in order to motivate students, improve their knowledge, and make the process of education more enjoyable. This chapter will focus on explaining the process of learning analytics (LA) in the context of GBL, which can play a meaningful role in transforming learning pathways in games into interpretable information for teachers. Respectively, the overarching aim of this work is to verify the potential of GBL and LA applied to the educational process through four case studies, each of which presents an important metric in the geometry game Shadowspect, developed in order to train geometry and spatial reasoning skills by solving a series of geometry puzzles. The case studies will be focused on data-driven game design, learner modelling and adaptive learning, game-based assessment (GBA) of 21st-century skills, and teacher-oriented visualization dashboards.
Mechanical and Sensorimotor Outcomes Associated With Talar Cartilage Deformation After Static Loading in Those With Chronic Ankle Instability
Authors: Song Kyeongtak , Pietrosimone Brian , Blackburn J. Troy , Padua Darin A. , Tennant Joshua N. , Wikstrom Erik A.
Published: April 2022

Context

Those with chronic ankle instability (CAI) demonstrate deleterious changes in talar cartilage composition, resulting in alterations of talar cartilage loading behavior. Common impairments associated with CAI may play a role in cartilage behavior in response to mechanical loading.

Objective

To identify mechanical and sensorimotor outcomes that are linked with the magnitude of talar cartilage deformation after a static loading protocol in patients with and those without CAI.

Design

Cross-sectional study.

Setting

Laboratory setting.

Patients or Other Participants

Thirty individuals with CAI and 30 healthy individuals.

Main Outcome Measures(s)

After a 60-minute off-loading period, ultrasonographic images of the talar cartilage were acquired immediately before and after a 2-minute static loading protocol (single-legged stance). Talar cartilage images were obtained and manually segmented to enable calculation of medial, lateral, and overall average talar thickness. The percentage change, relative to the average baseline thickness, was used for further analysis. Mechanical (ankle joint laxity) and sensorimotor (static balance and Star Excursion Balance Test) outcomes were captured. Partial correlations were computed to determine associations between cartilage deformation magnitude and the mechanical and sensorimotor outcomes after accounting for body weight.

Results

In the CAI group, greater inversion laxity was associated with greater overall (r = −0.42, P = .03) and medial (r = −0.48, P = .01) talar cartilage deformation after a 2-minute static loading protocol. Similarly, poorer medial-lateral static balance was linked with greater overall (r = 0.47, P = .01) and lateral (r = 0.50, P = .01) talar cartilage deformation. In the control group, shorter posterolateral Star Excursion Balance Test reach distance was associated with greater lateral cartilage deformation (r = 0.42, P = .03). No other significant associations were observed.

Conclusions

In those with CAI, inversion laxity and poor static postural control were moderately associated with greater talar cartilage deformation after a 2-minute static loading protocol. These results suggest that targeting mechanical instability and poor balance in those with CAI via intervention strategies may improve how the talar cartilage responds to static loading conditions.
Exercise-Induced Changes in Femoral Cartilage Thickness in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain
Authors: Jeon Hyunjae , Donovan Luke , Thomas Abbey C.
Published: April 2022

Context

Rehabilitative exercises alleviate pain in patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP); however, no researchers have analyzed the cartilage response after a bout of those athletic activities in patients with PFP.

Objective

To determine if a single session of rehabilitative exercises alters femoral cartilage morphology.

Design

Crossover study.

Setting

Research laboratory.

Patients or Other Participants

Twelve participants with PFP (age = 21.0 ± 2.0 years, height = 1.72 ± 0.1 m, mass = 68.7 ± 12.6 kg) and 12 matched healthy participants (age = 21.3 ± 2.8 years, height = 1.71 ± 0.1 m, mass = 65.9 ± 12.2 kg) were enrolled.

Intervention(s)

Participants completed treadmill running, lower extremity strengthening exercises, and plyometric exercises for 30 minutes each.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Patient-reported outcomes on the visual analog scale, Anterior Knee Pain Scale (AKPS), Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS), and Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score for Patellofemoral Pain and Osteoarthritis were collected. Femoral cartilage ultrasonographic images were obtained at 140° of knee flexion. Ultrasound images were segmented into medial and lateral images using the intercondylar notch. Medial and lateral cartilage cross-sectional area (mm2) and echo intensity (EI), defined as the average grayscale from 0 to 255, were analyzed by ImageJ software. The difference between loading conditions was calculated using repeated-measures analysis of variance. The Spearman correlation was calculated to find the association between the cartilage percentage change (Δ%) and patient-reported outcomes.

Results

Pain increased in the PFP group after all loading conditions (P values < .007). No differences were found in cartilage cross-sectional area or EI alteration between or within groups (P values > .06). The KOOS was negatively associated with the Δ% of the lateral femoral cartilage EI after plyometric loading (ρ = –0.87, P = .001), and the AKPS score was positively correlated with the Δ% of lateral femoral cartilage EI (ρ = 0.57, P = .05).

Conclusions

Ultrasound imaging did not identify cartilaginous deformation after all loading conditions. However, because lateral cartilaginous EI changes were associated with the AKPS and KOOS score, those questionnaires may be useful for monitoring changes in femoral cartilage health.
AISI 904L Süper Dubleks Paslanmaz Çeliğin Tornalanmasında MMY, hBN ve N2 Soğutma/Yağlama Koşullarının Performans Değerlendirmesi
Authors: ŞİRİN Şenol
Published: April 2022

Bu çalışmada ekolojik farklı soğutma/yağlama koşullarının performansları değerlendirilmiştir. AISI 904L süper dubleks paslanmaz çeliği bu amaçla, kuru, minimum miktarda yağlama (MMY), kriyojenik soğutma (N2), hegzagonal bor nitrür katkılı nanoakışkan (hBN), MMY/N2 hibrit ve hBN/N2 hibrit koşulları altında tornalanmıştır. Tornalama deneylerinde parametre olarak iki farklı kesme hızı (120 ve 180 m/dak), sabit ilerleme (0,15 mm/dev) ve sabit kesme derinliği (0,5 mm) seçilmiştir. PVD kaplamalı sementit karbür kesici takımların kullanıldığı deneysel çalışmada performans kriteri olarak; yüzey pürüzlülüğü ve topografya, kesme sıcaklığı, titreşim, takım aşınması ve ömrü tercih edilmiştir. Deneysel çalışma sonunda elde edilen verilerle, kesme sıcaklığında en iyi performansı N2 koşulu gösterirken, diğer tüm sonuçlarda en iyi performansı hBN/N2 soğutma/yağlama koşulu göstermiştir.
Tissue Culture: Tissue Plants Booking Website
Authors: Sonwane Ritesh , Patil Rupesh , Sonwane Ketan , Raghuwanshi Bhavesh , Lokhande Pragati
Published: April 2022

Tissue Culture is an website for benefit of the farming community .Where farmers can book Tissue Plants at anytime from anywhere in this paper we discuss about a Website, from where Farmers can easily Book Plants like Banana, Papaya, strawberry, Pine apple etc. at cheap price and take higher yield form their crops.
PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCES OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEER AND THE KNOWLEDGE OF PHYSICS REQUIRED FOR THEIR FORMATION
Authors:   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Chikova Tamara S. , Golovatyi Sergey E. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University, Maskevich Sergey A. ,   International Sakharov Environmental Institute, Belarusian State University
Published: April 2022

The role of environmental risks, the solution of which determines the preservation and progress of civilization, is analyzed. The article substantiates the growing importance of the ecologist profession in the modern world and the need to expand the range of environmental specialties. The characteristic of the professional competencies of an environmental engineer is given. The role of physics in the formation of knowledge and skills necessary for the successful implementation of professional competencies of an ecologist is noted. The basic laws and regulations of physics are considered, the knowledge of which provides effective training of environmental specialists in the field of environmental protection. It is shown that taking into account the importance of interdisciplinary knowledge in understanding the relationship between natural and man-made processes, as well as the role of the anthropogenic factor in global environmental problems, the modern traditional structure of physical education in the system of professional training of an environmental engineer in a higher educational institution requires improvement.
NESTING FEATURES OF BLACKBIRD (TURDUS MERULA) IN URBAN GREEN SPACES IN MINSK
Authors:   Belarusian State University, Sakhvon Vital V.
Published: April 2022

Synurbic populations of birds are characterized by specific features that differ from those of wild populations of the same species, which is the result of adaptation to living in cities. The paper analyses some parameters of breeding of the Blackbird (Turdus merula) in two park in Minsk and compares them with the breeding biology of wild Blackbirds in natural habitats. During the years 2015-2017 and 2019-2021, 74 nests of urban Blackbird were obtained. For comparison, data on 245 nest of this species in natural landscapes were used.As a result, it was found that the nest selection in urban Blackbirds remains similar to wild Blackbirds in forests, and the differences are explained by the peculiarities of forestry activities carried out in urban parks. More than 74 % of all nests were built in the undergrowth layer, while most of the nests were located on the Norway spruce (59.72 %). A majority of urban Blackbirds started laying first eggs relatively later (from 21.04 to 10.05) than forest birds (from 11.04 to 30.04), which most likely results from the adaptation of birds to a significant recreational load from humans during the period when the trees have not come into leaf yet. Nevertheless, no differences were found in the average clutch size between urban (4.17 ± 0.72 eggs) and forest (4.51 ± 0.64 eggs) birds. The low breeding success of the Blackbird (39.4 %) in the urbanized area testifies to the fact that the homeostasis of the relatively high number of the urban Blackbird population in Minsk is most likely maintained due to the constant influx of individuals from local suburban forests.
Pravni okvir elektronske uprave u Srbiji
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Palević Milan
Published: April 2022

The paper starts from the basic issues related to e-government and points to the stages in its development. Public administration of information societies is service- oriented. Even today, this is not a ubiquitous reality in Serbia, but taking into account the experiences of the most industrially developed countries, the legal framework of e- government in Serbia can be based on several postulates. The first principle is the simplicity and accessibility of data and services to all citizens by e-government. The second principle refers to the professionalization and professional development of civil servants for the daily and successful use of information and communication technologies. The third principle is, in fact, more a request for education and teaching of citizens and economic entities about the advantages and disadvantages of using e- government. Also, state bodies should show the importance of using e-government by their own example. n addition to the review of the Explanation of the Draft Law on Electronic Government, the central part of the paper is a review and analysis of the solution of this important legal framework for electronic government in Serbia. Thus, the principles on which the Law on Electronic Administration is based are analyzed; e-government infrastructure; supervision over the implementation of the Law. Finally, the author points out (as one of the conclusions) that e-government in the Internet environment and from the point of view of international relations should enable communication between the Serbian e-government and e-governments of other countries, as well as international organizations. The author of this paper believes that in the future there will be such public services that are more open, more efficient and ultimately simple, which is why the circle of users would be wider.
Javno-uslužna dimenzija ekonomske diplomatije u eri globalizacije
Authors:   University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Law, Lapčević Milivoje
Published: April 2022

This paper will discuss the basic theoretical assumptions of economic diplomacy, as the specific segment of contemporary diplomacy. The author will identify the basic content attributed to this activity by contemporary globalized economic relations, making it almost an indispensable item of national efforts to increase the competitiveness of domestic economies. Specific analysis will be given to factors that, at both the general and specific levels, provide greater chances of achieving the goals of the economic diplomats missions.
Poreski obveznik u ulozi korisnika poreskih usluga kao prevencija poreskog kriminaliteta
Authors:   Faculty of Law, University of Business Academy in Novi Sad, Božić Vanda , Dimić Suzana
Published: April 2022

Tax collection provides funds for the optimal functioning of the social order. Because taxation reduces disposable income, taxpayers often resort to various forms of tax evasion. Modern tendencies in the development of public administration influenced by the idea of New Public Management influence the modification of the traditional relationship between tax authorities and taxpayers. Instead of a subordinate subject of the tax relationship, the taxpayer becomes a user of tax services. Changing the role of the taxpayer, by developing a modern tax system in the direction of cooperation between tax authorities and taxpayers, contributes to voluntary compliance with the tax liability. In this way, preventing tax evasion and even delinquent behavior of taxpayers can be prevented. In the paper, the authors pointed out the problem of taxation, the modification of the traditional relationship of tax authorities and taxpayers in the service concept of work of tax authorities, and thus the confidence of taxpayers in the tax authority. Prevention of tax crime is reflected in the role of the taxpayer as a user of tax services. Repressive measures in the fight against the most serious forms of illegal behavior of taxpayers consist in incriminating tax crimes contained in the Criminal Code and the Law on Tax Procedure and Tax Administration.
Interleucina-6
Authors: Martins Lucas Victória de Oliveira , Sacilotto Nathália de Carvalho
Published: April 2022

As citocinas são proteínas que transduzem sinais em células após ligação em receptores específicos, induzindo uma cascata de sinalização intracelular e transcrição gênica. A interleucina-6 (IL-6) é uma das citocinas mais importantes do corpo com papel na regulação de diferentes processos fisiológicos e patológicos, como em doenças inflamatórias crônicas, autoimunes, infecciosas e neoplásicas. Na cascata de sinalização da IL-6, a citocina ativa seu receptor através de três vias diferentes, clássica, transinalização ou transapresentação, posteriormente desencadeando sinalização intracelular pela via da JAK/STAT; assim, a IL-6 está intimamente relacionada com a imunidade inata e adaptativa. No sistema imune, a IL-6 é a principal indutora dos reagentes de fase aguda e modula respostas de linfócitos T e B. Desse modo, o bloqueio da via da IL-6 com imunobiológicos é um alvo terapêutico para doenças inflamatórias, como doenças reumáticas imunomediadas (DRIM), neoplasias e infecções. O bloqueio da via da IL-6, especialmente com tocilizumabe, já é uma realidade para diversas DRIM, por exemplo, artrite reumatoide, artrite idiopática juvenil e arterite de células gigantes. Outras DRIM, neoplasias e infecções, como COVID-19, têm a aplicação do bloqueio da via da IL-6 como uma novidade terapêutica. Este artigo revisa os diferentes aspectos fisiológicos da sinalização da via da IL-6, a participação da IL-6 em processos patológicos, os modos de bloqueio terapêutico da via da IL-6, as doenças tratadas e seus estudos clínicos disponíveis.

Unitermos: Interleucina-6. Tocilizumabe. Doenças reumáticas imunomediadas. Artrite reumatoide.
Inibidores de Janus quinases (iJAK)
Authors: Bonfiglioli Karina Rossi , Ribeiro Ana Cristina de Medeiros
Published: April 2022

Novos alvos terapêuticos para artrite reumatoide (AR) e outras doenças reumáticas imunomediadas (DRIM) vêm sendo elucidados, entre eles a Janus quinases (JAKs). Essas estruturas são essenciais para a sinalização intracelular (via JAK-STAT) em resposta as muitas citocinas envolvidas na imunopatogênese das DRIM. Os inibidores de JAK (iJAK) têm se consolidado como um tratamento altamente eficaz, ganhando cada vez mais espaço no arsenal terapêutico da AR. O presente artigo tem como objetivo apresentar uma atualização dos principais aspectos relacionados ao mecanismo de ação, eficácia e segurança do iJAKs, com ênfase no tratamento de pacientes com AR.

Unitermos: Artropatias inflamatórias. Artrite reumatoide. Doenças reumáticas imunomediadas. Inibidores de JAK. Janus quinases. JAK-STAT. Drogas modificadoras do curso da doença sintéticas alvo específicas.
SISTEM PAKAR MENDIAGNOSA PENYAKIT COVID-19 DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE CERTAINTY FACTOR
Authors:   STMIK Kaputama, Sirait Suprianto , Ramadani Suci , Sihombing Anton
Published: April 2022

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by a newly discovered type of coronavirus. The WHO (World Health Organization) reported that this virus first appeared on December 31, 2019 and the country that was first confirmed was China, precisely in the city of Wuhan. Indonesia became one of the confirmed countries after President Jokowi and Minister of Health Terawan Agus Putranto on Monday, March 2, 2020. Most people who are exposed to COVID-19 experience symptoms such as: fever, respiratory tract infection, loss of sense of smell, coughing runny nose, headaches, sore throats, loss of sense of taste, and nausea.. Previous research is a science to find comparisons and results to find new inspiration for research. Research methodology is a scientific process or method to obtain data to be used for research purposes. Methodology is also a theoretical analysis of a method or method, research is a systematic investigation to increase a number of knowledge. Based on the results of the CF calculation, the value obtained for the Covid-19 disease from the calculation results above can be seen the level of confidence from the results of the diagnosis of the Covid-19 disease, which is 0.97 x 100%, which is 97% with the results obtained, the system identifies that the patient is Covid-19 negative. Based on the results of the analysis and design that have been achieved, it can be applied to apply an expert system application to diagnose Covid-19 disease, where in this application the user can enter and find out the types of symptoms of the Covid-19 disease that the user has and can find out the right handling solution to help dealing with Covid-19.
Antibiotic Profile of Biofilm Producing Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Isolated from Various Clinical Specimens
Authors: Vyas1, Anamika , Nawani2, Etisha , S3* Sheethal
Published: April 2022

Introduction: CoNS which are normal commensal of skin and mucous membranes of human, when presented with an opportunity, are known to cause infections. The most common species among the group are the S. epidermidis. Production of extracellular slime called as biofilm help these pathogens to adhere to surfaces and protect themselves from the actions of host immune cells and chemotherapeutic agents.

Objective: To identify the biofilm producing CoNS from various clinical specimens, their speciation and antibiogram.

Materials and methods: 100 strains of CoNS isolated from various clinical samples were subjected to species identification by ornithine decarboxylase test, nitrate reduction test, Voges-Proskauer test, urease test, sugar fermentation tests and susceptibility to novobiocin and polymyxin B drugs. Biofilm production was detected using congo red agar and antibiotic susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion interpreted according to CLSI.

Results: Out of a 100 CoNS, we speciated S. epidermidis (32%), S. hemolyticus (25%), S. hominis (14%), S. capitis, S. lugdunensis (11% each) and S. cohnii (7%). Biofilm producers were 48 in number with S. epidermidis the leading pathogen. Antibiotic susceptibility showed a multidrug resistance pattern with commonly used antibiotics such as erythromycin, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin. However, 100% sensitivities were noted for rifampicin, vancomycin and linezolid.

Conclusion: Times of assuming CoNS as a non-pathogen is now in the past. Speciation of CoNS and identifying their biofilm producing abilities need to be performed alongside their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles.
A Strange Umbilical Rash in a Newly Diagnosed HIV-Positive Man: A New Clinical Description of a Trichosporon Spp Dermatosis
Authors: Dassouli1* Ryme , Douhi1 Zakia , Joutei1 Kenza Tahiri , BayBay1 Hanane , Elloudi1 Sara , Abdellaoui2 Khaoula , Tahiri2 Laila , Fatemi2 Hinde El , Mernissi1 Fatima Zahra
Published: April 2022

Trichosporon is a basidiomycete yeast of tropical origin that is also opportunistic in the
immunocompromised. It is characterized by irregular nodules attached to the hair called white piedra. Trichosporon spp has been reported as the 2 nd most common agent of disseminated, potentially fatal fungemia [1]. Nevertheless, no pure cutaneous manifestation had been reported. We report a single case of Trichosporon spp causing an umbilical papulonodular rash in a newly diagnosed HIV-positive subject.
New Therapy Option: Maisonneuve Fracture without Trans-syndesmotic Fixation
Authors: Feng1 Dachang , Liu1* Zhaofa , Chen1 Haitao
Published: April 2022

Ankle fracture is one of the common injuries in orthopedic department, the Maisonneuve
fracture is a specific type of ankle injury. This fracture is usually caused by rotational force.
According to the Lauge-Hansen classification, it is a pronation and external rotation type
injury, often resulting in inferior tibiofibular injury. Because it is extremely unstable, it is
usually treated surgically. Operative treatment includes medial malleolus fixtion, reduction of the inferior tibiofibular joint and screw fixation. When the fibula fractured is without shortening or dislocation, it is still controversial if inferior tibiofibular joint needs fixation. The aim of this study is to introduce a new method-Maisonneuve without trans-syndesmotic fixation and analysis the follow-up result.
La percepción del estudiantado en una Universidad Tecnológica en tiempos de Covid-19: tareas para la educación superior en México
Authors: Moreno Gabriela Figueroa , Hernández Itzel Antonieta Morales , Escalona Edgar Torres
Published: April 2022

Los escenarios en el ámbito educativo han cambiado con la pandemia por el virus SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19). Muchos especialistas hicieron ejercicios de prospectiva, pero ninguno en el que la pandemia obligara al cierre de las instituciones educativas. Las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación, así como los entornos virtuales de aprendizaje se vuelven el centro del discurso, aun cuando no se sabía si los alumnos contaban con computadora e Internet para continuar sus estudios desde casa. Es por ello que decidimos estudiar la percepción de los estudiantes sobre sus condiciones de aprendizaje ante la nueva modalidad de clase, a través de una plataforma en línea, en la Universidad Tecnológica de Tecámac y con ello identificar a grandes rasgos las tareas pendientes de la educación superior en México.
OFFENSE OF THE RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF CONSCIENCE AND RELIGION (ARTICLE 148 OF THE CRIMINAL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION): FEATURES OF THE CRIMINAL LAW LANGUAGE AND THEIR IMPACT ON DETERMINING THE MOMENT OF CRIME TERMINATION
Authors: Ivanchin Artem V. , Silantev Svyatoslav A.
Published: April 2022

The article deals with the subject area of the influence of the criminal law language on determining the moment of the crime termination. The norms of Article 148 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation served as the material for the study, when applying which some problems of this kind manifest themselves. The relevance of the chosen topic is explained by a large-scale poor-quality applying in practice the provisions of Article 148 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation after their amendment in 2013, by violations of the principle of justice associated, among other things, with incorrect determining the moment of the crime termination. The scientific novelty of the work is due to insufficient theoretical development of the topic describing technical and legal features of constructing and applying the norms on crimes against freedom of conscience and religion. The purpose of the study is to analyze the influence of the criminal law language on determining the moment of the crime termination. Based on the materials of judicial practice and the provisions of criminal legal science, the influence of the linguistic design of the dispositions contained in articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation on determining the moment of crimes termination, including the possibility of recognizing them as lasting, is shown. The authors expressed the opinion that the law enforcement officer should not only be guided by the letter of the criminal law, but also understand its meaning (spirit), taking into account the essence of the act, the source of its public danger and in which particular act of behavior it is maximally embodied. Based on the above, it is concluded that the crime provided for in Part 1 of Article 148 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, committed in the form of public placement of materials prohibited by the law, is completed from the moment of the very publicizing the materials (their placement) and is not lasting. The moment of the crime termination provided for in Part 3 of Article 148 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation was also determined – this is the moment when actions (inaction) were committed, regardless of whether the activity of citizens to fulfill their religious needs was disrupted.
THE ROLE AND THE PLACE OF PEASANT INDUSTRY IN THE LIFE OF A COMPLEX PEASANT ECONOMY OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX – EARLY XX CENTURY (on the example of Seltinskaya Volost of Malmyzhsky Uyezd of Vyatka Governorate)
Authors: Ligenko Nelli P.
Published: April 2022

The importance of peasant industry in the vital activity of a complex peasant economy, the basis of which was arable farming, is shown on the example of Seltinsky volost of Malmyzhsky Uyezd of Vyatka governorate. The integral branches were animal husbandry and extra-agrarian occupations, among which the main burden was borne by extractive and processing works. The role of natural-geographical, socio-economic conditions, legal norms, trade relations, the creative potential of the people in the process of forming and functioning of a sustainable, balanced, integrated peasant economy is considered. A favourable location of the volost along the Siberian tract with access to the Kama and Vyatka trade river routes contributed to the development of a periodic market sphere (bazaar, torzhok, fair), to peasant economy involvement in the system of a single national market. The zemstvo population censuses made it possible to show a relatively high level of peasants’ provision with land plots, as well as draft, horned cattle and small livestock. Different levels of ethnic groups’ economic situation are noted. There was economic differentiation in the village; the vast majority was occupied by the well-to-do and middle class of the peasantry. To serve the numerous village needs, 90 types of crafts were functioning, which were represented by a wide range of manufactured products. The semi-natural character of peasant economy determined the diversity of its economic forms: domestic industry, handicrafts, small-scale production, capitalist cooperation. Another important role of crafts in the social medium life should be noted – it is an opportunity to realize an ethnic group’s creative potential, improving production technology, honing artistic skills. Household items, traditional clothing indicate a high level and variety of folk art. People’s memory has preserved the names of the best volost masters, who contributed to further development of national folk art. The study of life activity of the peasant population in a single volost at an interdisciplinary level in a fairly new research direction “the history of everyday life”, involvement of a wide comprehensive database, including published zemstvo statistics, fundamental zemstvo studies, archival documents, materials of ethnographic expeditions enable to deeper investigate the structure of a peasant economy, interaction, interdependence of its individual branches, the important role of crafts in a village economy, as well as legality and necessity of production small forms functioning in any historical epoch.
THE SYSTEM OF TRAINING AND ADVANCED TRAINING OF PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS PERSONNEL OF PENZA REGION IN THE 1960s
Authors: Pavlenko Valentin V.
Published: April 2022

The article examines the practice of professional training and professional development of physical culture and sports personnel in the USSR at the regional level – in Penza region in the 1960s.

The issue of organizing training and improving the training level of employees in the field of physical culture and sports in Penza region has not been studied sufficiently and requires in-depth research.

During the study period, Penza region lacked competent and experienced managers of physical culture and sports work, coaches, instructors and judges for the mass development of physical culture and sports.

The All-Russian Council of Sports Societies and Organizations Union and Penza Regional Council of the Sports Union repeatedly considered this issue, recommended to intensify the work in this field and proposed a set of measures to normalize the staff composition of the physical culture and sports movement in the region.

The main problem was the lack of higher and secondary vocational education; the number of full-time physical education workers with specialized training in the designated chronological framework did not exceed 63%.

The Faculty of Physical Education of Penza State Pedagogical Institute named after V.G. Belinsky was the “source of manpower” of personnel for the physical culture and sports movement in the region. The administrators of the Pedagogical Institute sought to enroll local youth to the faculty, preferably athletes, by recommendations of educational institutions, regional sports unions, Komsomol organizations.

Penza Union of Sports Societies and Organizations, together with the party and Komsomol bodies, carried out systematic activities in this direction, using various forms of work – seminars, courses, meetings, etc. The regional Council practiced visits of its employees to the towns and districts of the region to assist in organizing training of instructors, judges, etc. Former athletes worked as coaches for free.

For the heads of physical culture and sports structures, refresher courses were constantly held at the Republican training and sports base and seminars of the Sports Union in Moscow. The regional sports union believed that the quality of the coaches’ work was negatively affected by their employment in several places.
FEATURES OF ADMINISTRATIVE-TERRITORIAL DIVISION IN THE RSFSR IN THE 1920s (based on the materials of the Chuvash Autonomy)
Authors: Panteleimonova Lyudmila V.
Published: April 2022

The article examines the features of the administrative-territorial division in the RSFSR in the 1920s, which influenced the evolvement of the national-territorial autonomy of the Chuvash people and its transformation into the Chuvash Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic. This theme contains a regional value, and a the comparative historical approach enables us to explore both general patterns and features of the processes that took place. In this regard, the scientific novelty of the presented work is determined by the undertaken study of the Soviet state’s national policy peculiarities on the materials of the Chuvash autonomy, the relationship between the central authorities and the local management system; the study of numerous sources. Relying on historiography and sources, the author tries to analyze and generalize the historical experience: organization and reconstruction of the national association; solving the issue of establishing borders; confrontation of the Chuvash leaders in the issues concerning territory expansion, development of numerous projects. The article presents a historical picture of the central socio-economic and cultural policy, the difficulties of the recovery period, solving the problems of the national personnel formation, indigenization of the administrative apparatus, development of the native language and culture. The study shows that all the transformations of the Chuvash autonomy in the area under study took place in connection with changes in the form of power organization as well as with the change in the principles of regional policy and the direction of economic development of the country’s territories. In the modern period, opinions about incompetence of the Chuvash authorities have increasingly begun to appear in the research literature, issues about the fallacy and short-sightedness characteristic for the organization of national construction are being discussed, which became the subject of a detailed analysis by the author of this article, which substantiates interconnection of administrative-territorial division and economic regionalization in Russia.