bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyses of High Grade Strength Steel Bars in the Design of a Five-Storey Reinforced Concrete Structure with Comparison of Energy Consumption and CO2 Emission
Authors: Zhang Pei , Zhu Han , Fafitis Apostolos
Published: June 2012

Energy consumption and CO2 emissions in buildings is becoming an increasingly important issue. Steel is a major building material with high energy cost. In a reinforced concrete (RC) structure, it accounts for the maximum energy consumption. There is a need to quantify the steel amount in RC for various situations so that reduction or optimization in steel usage can be analyzed. In this paper two different calculations (Calculation-I and Calculation-II) are conducted by using two groups of steel in designing beams, columns and plates for a 20000 m2 five-storeyed frame RC structure. In Calculation-I, or Cal-I in abbreviation, the steel used for beams, columns and plates is HRB335, HRB400 and HPB235 respectively. In Calculation-II, or Cal-II in abbreviation, the steel used for beams, columns and plates is HRB400, HRB500 and CRB550 respectively. The strength of steel used in Cal-II is higher than that in Cal-I. The calculation is carried out by following the standardized concrete structural design code, and the steps involved in calculation are given in certain details as seen necessary. The corresponding energy for producing the steel used in beams, columns and plates is also computed and normalized on per square meter basis. The results show that Cal-II saves 101.76 tons of steel than Cal-I, or 5.09kg/m2, which means a saving of about 64.11 t of standard coal or 1.6×102 t CO2 for the whole structure, or 3.2 kg of standard coal or 7.98kg CO2 for per square meter.
Study on Corrosion Resistance of Brass in Circulating Cooling Water with Different Concentration Ratio
Authors: Li Yu Chun , Liu Xiao Wei , Zhang Rui Feng , Juan Kang , Gao Fan
Published: June 2012

Abstract: The corrosion resistance of brass H70-1A cooling water was studied through weight-loss method and electrochemistry measurement in different concentration ratio condition. The results obtained from this study showed that brass inhibitor was necessary to add to circulating cooling water system when concentration ratio was in the range of 3~7.
Study on Anti-Corrosion Behaviour of 304 Stainless Steel in Circulating Cooling Water
Authors: Li Yu Chun , Jiang Ya , Zheng Heng , Juan Kang , Liu Xiao Wei
Published: June 2012

Abstract: The corrosion behaviour of 304SS in cooling water was studied through weight-loss method and electrochemistry measurements in different concentration ratio condition. The results obtained from this study showed that 304SS material was anti-corrosive with inhibitor when concentration ratio of circulating cooling water was 3 ~ 10, especially in CR 10 condition, and the advised CR running range was 3~10.
Synthesis of Nano-MnO2/CNTs Composite and Electrochemical Properties as Electrode Material for Supercapacitor
Authors: Wang Jian , Liu Jin Hai , Zhao Xue Bo , Li Guo Lu , Wei Bing Qing
Published: June 2012

The manganese oxides (MnO2) with nanostructures was fabricated with non-aqueous alcohol and aqueous solution of potassium permanganate (KMnO4) at room temperature. The test results show that the nano-MnO2 well coated on the surface of carbon nanotube (CNT), while the specific capacitance of the composites with MnO2 deposited on singlewall carbon nanotube (SWNT) was better than coated on multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWNT). The specific capacitance of MnO2 coated on SWNT film can reach 769F/g at scan rate of 5mv/s in the first cycle.
The Effects of Li-Site Substitution with Co on the Electrochemical Performance of LiMnPO4/C
Authors: Deng Li Juan , Zhang Yu Rong , Liu Wei Li
Published: June 2012

Li(1-2x)CoxMnPO4/C composite cathode materials for lithium ion battery are synthesized by sol-gel method with following heat-treatment in the air. Environment scanning electron microscopy measurements show that the particles are irregular and inhomogeneous, and that particle sizes slightly enlarge with the elevation of sintering temperatures. Powder X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that the samples are olivine-structured. Electrochemical tests indicate that the optimal sintering temperature registers 400 °C, and that the cyclic ability of LiMnPO4 is greatly improved by doping Co2+. When tested at 0.02 C rate between 2.8 and 4.4 V, the initial discharge capacity of the sample with initial composition of x=0.07 sintered at 400 °C reaches 112.2 mAh/g , after 70 cycles, the capacities remain 58.8mAh/g.
Thermal Stability of Solid Aluminum Electrolytic Capacitors with Conductive Polyaniline Counter Electrode
Authors: Zhu Xu Fei , Jiang Long Fei , Qi Wei Xing , Lu Chao , Song Ye
Published: June 2012

To overcome the risk of electrolyte leakage and the shortcoming of higher impedance at high frequencies for the conventional aluminum electrolytic capacitor impregnated with electrolyte solutions, solid aluminum electrolytic capacitor employing conducting polyaniline (PANI) as a counter electrode was developed. The as-fabricated solid capacitors have very low impedances at high frequencies and excellent thermal stability. The superior performances can be ascribed to high conductivity and good thermal stability of the camphorsulfonic acid (CSA)-dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid (DBSA) co-doped PANI.
Control Method of Parallel Vanadium Batteries Operating in Energy Stored Wind Farm System
Authors: Guo Xu Dong , Ge Bao Ming , Bi Da Qiang , Yang Xin Yu
Published: June 2012

Wind farms with vanadium battery energy storage system are recognized and welcomed. Against the phenomenon of current distribution unreasonable while vanadium batteries are directly paralleled, a control strategy of vanadium battery parallel based on the state of charge (SOC) is proposed. The current control formula is given in this paper. Vanadium batteries are paralleled to adjust the power grid at the exit of wind farms by the bidirectional DC/DC converter. A wind farm model with vanadium battery energy system is simulated on MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation results show that this system can adjust the power grid of wind farms and achieve the goal that the charging and discharging of vanadium batteries are determined by their SOC, avoiding the overcharge or over-discharge.
Design of Battery Management System Hardware Circuit and Bench Testing Verifying for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yu Yuan Bin , Min Hai Tao , Qu Xiao Dong , Guo Jun
Published: June 2012

Take the 60Ah lithium iron phosphate battery equipped for an electronic vehicle as research object, develop the Battery Management System (BMS) and process the bench test. The system uses LTC6802 chip to implement local electronic information collection unit, uses the resistance-voltage distributing principle to implement the high-voltage collecting and insulation resistance detecting, uses MC9S12XDP512 chip to implement the top-level data processing and vehicle information interaction. Bench test shows the designed BMS can monitor all states of the battery pack and compute in real time. At the same time BMS can communicate with the Vehicle Control Unit (VCU) reliably.
Improved State-Feedback Control for Current Source Converter of SMES
Authors: Zhou Si Ping , Shi Jing , Jin Tao , He Qing , Ren Li , Tang Yue Jin
Published: June 2012

Current source converter (CSC) can control power transfer between superconducting coil and the AC power system, which is the key component of superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES). This paper presents an improved state-feedback control for CSC of SMES. Adopting the discretization method, the design of decoupled state-feedback control system is simple and straight. To overcome the drawbacks of the discretization method and improve the control system dynamics, the effect of the control time delay is considered. Furthermore, by selecting the current error vector and the output voltage error vector as the additional state variables, a linear state feedback loop is added to the control system to achieve the feature of deadbeat. The steady state performance and dynamic response are investigated. MATLAB simulation is performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed control method.
Preparation and Electrocatalytic Performance of Ag/Graphene Nanocomposite
Authors: Liu Bao Gang , Mu Jun , Gao Yang , Jiang Quan Tong , Wu Da Xiong
Published: June 2012

Ag/graphene nanocomposites were prepared by the reduction of silver acetate (CH3COOAg)/graphene oxide with hydrazine gas. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The electrocatalytic activities of the synthesized samples for hydrazine and formaldehyde oxidation were also investigated by cyclic voltammetry. The results show that Ag/graphene nanocomposites can be prepared by this novel and simple process. The samples present high electrocatalytic activity for hydrazine and formaldehyde oxidation.
Study on Structure and Electrochemical Performance of LiFePO4/C Modified by PANI
Authors: Liu Yu Wen , Jiang Jing Na , Zhang Wei , Ma Dong Xing
Published: June 2012

LiFePO4 has attracted broad attention as a promising cathode material for lithium ion batteries. The key issues related to LiFePO4 performance lie on the intrinsic characteristic of poor diffusion of lithium ions through an interface between LiFePO4 and FePO4. To explore the effect of polyaniline on performances, LiFePO4/C cathode materials were prepared via hydrothermal method, using glucose as a carbon source and polyaniline as a modifier. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), galvanostatic charge–discharge test and cyclicvoltammetry (CV). The results show that the olivine-type phase of LiFePO4/C is not changed by polyanilines and LiFePO4/C is composed of relatively large particles of about 400nm and some nano-sized polyaniline particles, which favor the electronic conductivity. The LiFePO4/C cathode material modified by 10% polyaniline has the highest uniformity. It delivers the capacity of 167.9mAh/g at 0.1C, and has good reversibility and high capacity retention.
The Research Progress of Key Technology on Building Energy Underground Storage in Salt Rock
Authors: Ren Tao , Jiang De Yi , Chen Jie , Li Qiao Xian , Ren Song
Published: June 2012

With unique advantages, salt cavern gas storage was got more and more attention in the field of oil industry in the world. It is a complicated system engineering to build an underground dissolved cavity to store gas with a certain shape in salt layer. Combined with the characteristics on the gas storage construction in salt layer, and based on the cavity destination and implementation process of cavity construction, cavity construction technology of salt cavern gas storage was conducted a comprehensive exposition. Through analyzing the formation process of gas storage cavity, well-types of cavity construction, water recycle modes, steps of dissolving cavity, adjustment modes of two wells distance, shape control method, roof protection technology, sealing detection, cavity stability and many other techniques were put forward on the respect of cavity construction process, cavity control and detection method. And the column combination modes of cavity construction, the methods of determining water injection flow and the measures of protecting cavity stability were recommended. It is meaningful for the design and construction of the cavity construction of salt cavern gas storage.
Establishment of Thermal Stability Estimation Model of the Power Battery
Authors: Wang Hong Wei , Xiao Hai Qing , Deng Shuang , Wang Chao
Published: June 2012

It is very important to monitor and estimate thermal stability of the power battery because that the thermal runaway will happen at some high temperature. Therefore, this study was focused on thermal stability estimation of the power battery thermal stability. The thermal stability estimation model consists of collect module, judge module, cusp catastrophe estimation module and control module. The important module is cusp catastrophe estimation module which was established based on cusp catastrophe theory. The experimental results show that thermal stability estimation model of the power battery works well. Therefore, thermal stability estimation model of the power battery is helpful to monitor and estimate the safety and reliability of power battery on line.
Economic Evaluation of Ground-Source Heat Pump Air-Conditioning Systems
Authors: Chen Liang , Zhang Chao , Li Yong
Published: June 2012

Analyze economically and make evaluation of several investment projects of ground-source heat pump combining relevant economic evaluation methods. Compare this system with other conventional air conditioning systems in economic input to provide suggestions for applying and promoting the ground-source heat pump air-conditioning system.
Effect of Minerals in Coal on the Product Yield of Coal Pyrolysis and Phenols in the Low-Temperature Tar
Authors: Zeng Fan Hu , He De Min , Guan Jun , Zhang Qiu Min
Published: June 2012

Wulagai brown coal and Wulagai acid washed brown coal were used to investigate the effect of minerals in coal on the reactivity of coal pyrolysis. The experiments were carried out at atmospheric pressure in a fixed bed reactor. The results showed that minerals in brown coal affected the product yield of coal pyrolysis and phenols in the low-temperature tar. The minerals in coal played a catalytic role on the generation of carbon monoxide and ethylene, and the decomposition of tar. At the same time, they may suppress the decomposition of intermediates or the producing of final phenols during coal pyrolysis.
Energy Use by Optimal Control
Authors: Chen Miao Sheng , Tsai Yung Tse
Published: June 2012

Issues relating to Environment & Energy are gaining increasing importance. With the China’s traditional philosophy, government needs to so something towards the Environment & Energy problems and issues. It is necessary to control the use of the Earth’s resources. This paper focuses on the optimal control of resources used by enterprises, whereby governments can establish reward models to encourage enterprises to make more efficient use of energy. This study uses mathematical models to identify optimal solutions, the main purpose being to preserve the Earth’s resources by encouraging enterprises to take optimal advantage of energy. The elimination of waste of available energy is the main contribution of this study, and this approach can enable governments to protect both the environment and energy supplies.
Integration of Distributing Energy System II: Optimization
Authors: Wang Jin Yang , Cui Guo Min , Peng Fu Yu
Published: June 2012

The optimization of the Distributed Energy System can improve the total energy utilization efficiency greatly and achieve energy saving. Based on the digital simulation software introduced by Part Ⅰ, the optimizations of matching parameters and structure can be achieved. The example results showed that numerical simulation can realize the optimization of matching parameters and economic operation parameters for the parts and the whole system, and the design result with the highest efficiency is obtained.
Power Quality Improvement of SCR Controlled Loads
Authors: Zhang Yong , Shen Jing Shuang , Zheng Hai Feng
Published: June 2012

This paper explores methods to improve the power quality of large, single-phase, thyristor controlled equipment within industrial plants. An advanced shunt single phase power filter for the compensation of instantaneous harmonic current components in direct coupled booster melting in glass furnaces is presented. The validity of the excellent filtering characteristics is verified by a previous installation.
Algorithm Modelling Research on Heating Energy-Saving Adjustment
Authors: Liu Wang Sheng , Jia Shu Hong , Sun Yan , Liu Xing Long
Published: June 2012

It has resulted in a lot of electic energy waste that the constant flow of circulating water system operating on power frequency oversupplies heat in the heating period.We investigate algorithm modelling of energy-saving adjustment, adjusting methods and development of embedded controller. Furthermore,we sum up the intelligent regulation method integrated multiple parameters.By this method,heating circulating water system would be varies with change of atmosphere temperature and hot load . Thus the purpose of lower electricity consumption is achieved that based on guarantee of heating effect.
Analysis of Anti-Shock Loading Capacity of Bio-Ferric MBR
Authors: Ji Shi Feng , Gao Chun Mei , Yang Hong , Chu Ming , Wang Chun Feng
Published: June 2012

By changing influent COD volume loading and dyestuff volume loading of membrane bio-reactor, the anti-shock capacity of traditional MBR and bio-ferric MBR was analyzed comparatively. The experiment results showed: whatever the influent COD volume loading altered, the supernatant and effluent COD in bio-ferric MBR varied less than that in traditional MBR, and the discreteness was smaller which indicated that the reinforcement of bio-ferric sludge could enhance the system stability, and the anti-shock loading of bio-ferric MBR was much better than traditional MBR. While the influence of the influent dyestuff volume loading on dyestuff concentration in supernatant and dyestuff removal efficiency was smaller. The relationship between influent COD volume loading and dyestuff loading and removal volume loading were linear.
Dynamic Modeling of the Air Supply System for PEMFC Stack
Authors: Li Chun Hua , Zhu Xin Jian , Zeng Qing Jun , Wang Yun Long
Published: June 2012

The dynamic model of the air supply system for a proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack is developed in this paper. The PEMFC cathode/anode, and air supply system including a compressor, a motor, and a supply manifold(SM) are modeled; the compressor performance map is identified based on a fuzzy neural network (FNN). The PEMFC air supply system is simulated by using Matlab environment. The simulation results show that the proposed models can effectively represent the dynamic characteristics of the system components, and lay the foundation for the control strategy design of the PEMFC air supply flow.
Field Demonstration of Hydrogen PEM Fuel Cell/Lithium-Ion Battery Hybrid Electric Scooters in Taiwan
Authors: Lin Chien Liang , Wang Da Yung , Shih Nai Chien , Chang Chi Ching
Published: June 2012

The proton exchange membrane fuel cell possesses the inherent benefit of low operating temperature, rapid start-up, and high power density, which makes it the ideal power source for electric vehicles. The fuel cell vehicle is envisioned as the vehicle of the future in response to environmental, economic and political constraints. Taiwan is one of the major producers and consumer of ICE-powered scooters in the world. The purpose of this field demonstration project is to prototype the fuel-cell-powered hybrid scooter both in performance and logistic support for mass adoption of this next generation commuting vehicle in Taiwan.
Hydriding and Dehydriding Kinetics of Nanocrystalline and Amorphous Mg20Ni6M4 (M=Cu, Co) Alloys
Authors: Zhang Yang Huan , Zhang Guo Fang , Shang Hong Wei , Hou Zhong Hui , Cai Ying , Zhao Dong Liang
Published: June 2012

It was well known that the Mg2Ni-type alloy with a nanocrystalline/amorphous structure possesses superior hydrogen storage kinetics. In order to obtain a nanocrystalline and amorphous structure, the melt spinning was applied to prepare the Mg2Ni-type Mg20Ni6M4 (M=Cu, Co) hydrogen storage alloys. The microstructures of the as-cast and spun alloys were characterized by XRD, SEM and HRTEM. The gaseous hydriding and dehydriding kinetics of the alloys was measured. The results show that the as-spun (M=Co) alloys display a nanocrystalline and amorphous structure as spinning rate approaches to 20 m/s, while the as-spun (M=Cu) alloys hold an entire nanocrystalline structure whatever spinning rate is, suggesting that the substitution of Co for Ni facilitates the glass formation in the Mg2Ni-type alloy. The melt spinning markedly improves the gaseous hydrogen storage kinetics of the alloys. As the spinning rate grows from 0 (as-cast was defined as the spinning rate of 0 m/s) to 30 m/s, the hydrogen absorption saturation ratio ( ) is enhanced from 57.7% to 91.4% for the (M=Cu) alloy and from 77.1% to 93.5% for the (M=Co) alloy. And hydrogen desorption ratio ( ) is raised from 28.7% to 59.0% for the (M=Cu) alloy and from 54.5% to 70.2% for the (M=Co) alloy, respectively.
Photocatalytic H2 Evolution under Visible-Light Irradiation on Modified TiO2 Catalysts
Authors: Liang Hui Rong , Guo Lie Jin
Published: June 2012

This TiO2 catalyst is modified by two means of doping and dye-sensitization to decompose the water into hydrogen under visible light irradiation in this paper. By exploring the mechanisms of the modification with two ways, it is found that the modification can make TiO2 semiconductor with only UV photocatalytic activity become a catalyst with the visible-light activity. The experiments demonstrate that quantum efficiency and energy conversion efficiency of the doped catalyst is respectively 1.5% and 0.5%, and that of the sensitized catalyst is respectively 2.13% and 0.89%. By comparison the doped TiO2 catalysts have better prospect in the application because of the instability of the sensitized catalyst.
Carbon Mass Balance of Biohydrogen Production Process by Clostridium butyricum TISTR 1032: Effect of Oxygen Scavenger
Authors: Kanchanasuta Suwimon , Pisutpaisal Nipon
Published: June 2012

A dark hydrogen fermentation process of food waste by Clostridium butyricum TISTR 1032 was examined under the condition of initial pH 6, 37oC and varied condition with oxygen scavenger in 5 L semi-batch reactors. Results showed that oxygen scavenger significantly elevated the maximum rate of hydrogen production (Rm) (203.5 mL h-1) compared to that without oxygen scavenger (30.6 mL h-1). However, it did not improve the maximum cumulative hydrogen production (Hmax). Carbon mass balance was used to explore the direction of fermentative process including toidentify type of fermentative process. Butyric acid fermentation was recognized as the fermentation type of this study under both conditions. Drop of pH and accumulation of total undissociated acid considerably reduced the hydrogen production.
Evaluation of Porous Electrode Properties Using Metal-Air Electrochemical System
Authors: Nor Hairin Assayidatul Laila , Othman Raihan , Ani Mohd Hanafi , Saputra Hens , Yahya Muhd Zu Azhan
Published: June 2012

This work explores the use of metal-air electrochemical system to evaluate porous electrode properties i.e. specific surface area and pore volume density. Porous zinc electrodes are prepared from an acidic, chloride electrolytic bath of varying supporting electrolyte (NH4Cl) formulation to produce electrodeposits of distinctive properties. Nitrogen physisorption at 77 K is utilized to evaluate the specific surface area and pore volume density of the electrodes. The zinc electrodeposits prepared from all electrolytic bath formulations are then assembled into zinc-air cells as the anodic electrode and characterized according to their limiting current density and discharge capacity. It is found that the variation in limiting current density matches that of BET surface area and the trend for discharge capacity follows that of pore volume density.
Improved Electrochemical Cycle Stability of La–Mg–Ni-Based A2B7-Type Alloys by Melt Spinning and Substituting La with Pr
Authors: Hou Zhong Hui , Zhang Guo Fang , Li Xia , Hu Feng , Zhang Yin , Cai Ying , Zhang Yang Huan
Published: June 2012

The poor electrochemical cycle stability of RE–Mg–Ni system A2B7-type electrode alloys have limited their practical application as the negative electrode materials of Ni–MH battery. In order to improve the electrochemical cycle stability of the La–Mg–Ni system A2B7-type electrode alloys, the partial substitution of Pr for La has been performed. The La0.75−xPrxMg0.25Ni3.2Co0.2Al0.1 (x = 0–0.4) electrode alloys were fabricated by casting and melt-spinning. The microstructures and electrochemical cycle stability of the as-cast and spun alloys were investigated by XRD, SEM and HRTEM. The results show that the as-cast and spun alloys have a multiphase structure, consisting of two main phases (La, Mg)2Ni7 and LaNi5 as well as a residual phase LaNi2. The substitution of Pr for La brings on a notable grain refinement of the as-cast alloys instead of altering the phase structure of the alloys. The electrochemical measurement indicates that the cycle stability of the alloy remarkably grows with increasing both Pr content and spinning rate. The substitution of Pr for La and the melt spinning significantly ameliorate electrochemical cycle stability of the alloys. The capacity retaining rate (S100) of the as-spun (15 m/s) alloys at 100th charging/discharging cycle is enhanced from 72.38% to 90.33% by increasing Pr content from 0 to 0.4. And that of the Pr0.3 alloy is increased from 78.11% to 92.32% by growing spinning rate from 0 (as-cast was defined as the spinning rate of 0 m/s) to 20 m/s.
Influences of Carbon-Chain Length of Surfactants on Mesoporous Manganese Oxides
Authors: Zhang Jian Min , Li Heng , Chen Wei Hua
Published: June 2012

Three kinds of mesoporous manganese oxides were prepared successfully via a simple hydrothermal method, using dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB), cetyltrimethyl- ammonium bromide(CTAB) and octadecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide(OTAB) as structure directing agents, respectively. The as-synthesized samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction(XRD) and Brunauer -Emmett-Teller(BET)．The experimental results show that the carbon-chain length of surfactants have influences on not only crystal structure and metal valence, but also specific surface area and pore size of the as-prepared materials. The specific surface areas are 60 m2•g-1, 25 m2•g-1, 7 m2•g-1，and the pore sizes are 4 nm，7 nm, 13 nm for the three kinds of mesoporous materials prepared using structure directing agents DTAB, CTAB, and OTAB, respectively.
Lanthanum-Doped Titania Film Coated on Light Leakage Fiber Photo-Degradation Methyl Orange
Authors: Yu Tao , Tan Xin , Chen Peng , Wang Hong Mei
Published: June 2012

Lanthanum-doped anatase TiO2 coatings, which are composed of assemble crystalline of 50 nm diameter particles, when the percentage of dopant is 0.5 wt%, have been successfully fabricated by sol–gel dip-coating process on light leakage silica fiber (LSF) which length is 15cm and diameter is 125μm. This was achieved by adjustment of the lanthanum-doped sol–gel parameters such as molar ratio of precursors in lanthanum-doped TiO2-sols, the ratio of titanium tetrabutoxide to polyvinyl alcohol, dip-coating velocity, drying duration in air, thermal treatment and number of cyclical time of the process. Titania nano crystals were prepared at ambient temperature in a liquid media using titanium tetrabutoxide as precursor, and the crystallization of amorphous precursor was preceded by peptizing with acid and then refluxing for a periodic time in homothermal water-bath. The photocatalytic properties of the La-TiO2 films had been testified by the photo degradation of methyl orange. The lanthanum-doped anatase TiO2 thin films were characterized by XRD and TEM. The products show much improved photocatalytic activity that will be useful in the design of a novel antibacterial, deodorant and antipollution photo reactor.
Pitting Corrosion Diagnosis of Bearing Based on Power Cepstrum and Histogram
Authors: Fang Shu , Li De Liang , Liu Li Tao , Zhang Zhen Wei
Published: June 2012

The axle assembly of fire robot need endure both heavy load and high impact force, and the pitting corrosion in the bearing race become a commom fault. In this paper, the vibration of bearing both in the inner ring and outer ring was analyzed, the characteristics of bearing with pitting corrosion were also analyzed, and based on those characteristics a new method for pitting corrosion diagnosis were proposed, in this method the power cepstrum in the axial direction and histogram of the vibration amplitude in the radial direction were used for detecting the pitting corrosion of bearing, and experiments results proved the practicability and effectiveness of this method.
Preparation and Photocatalysis Property of P-N Coupled Photocatalyst CoO/CdS/TiO2
Authors: Liu Fu Sheng , Wang Sheng , Liu Lian Lian , Du Huan
Published: June 2012

In this paper, p-n coupled photocatalyst CoO/CdS/TiO2 was prepared by method of impregnation. The structure and optical properties of CdS/TiO2 and CoO/CdS/TiO2 were characterized by XRD, SEM, BET and UV–vis DRS. The photocatalytic activities of the photocatalysts were evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange, and the effect of photocorrosion of CdS in CoO/CdS/TiO2 was investigated by analyzing the cadmium concentration in the supernate collected after photocatalytic reactions. The results showed that p-n coupled photocatalyst CoO/CdS/TiO2 not only showed higher efficiency in degradation of methyl orange than CdS/TiO2, but also exhibited resistance against cadmium leakage under light irradiation. The mechanism of the photocorrosion-delaying by p–n junction was also discussed.
Self-Assembly of Large Scale CdS/TiO2 Film Photocatalyst
Authors: Li Chun Xiang , Jiang Zhao Hua , Yao Zhong Ping
Published: June 2012

CdS/TiO2 composite films with different Cd:Ti atomic ratio were prepared by a new straightforward particulate layer-by-layer method. Titanium dihydroxide and thiourea were used as precursors. Raman and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis for the composite films revealed that the TiO2 formed from titanium precursor retarded the crystal growth of CdS. Luminescence and UV–vis absorption spectra investigation showed that emission and absorption band of CdS/TiO2 blue shifted as crystal size of CdS decreased. Furthermore, hydrogen formation curves revealed that hydroxyl of CdS/TiO2 films plays an important role in water splitting reaction under both UV and visible light irradiations.
Structure Optimization Research for Solar Thermal Energy Storage System
Authors: Li Jian Lan , Zhang Ya Wen , Zhang Yan Ping , Huang Shu Hong
Published: June 2012

Thermal energy storage is the main way to ensure solar power plant to generate electric in the form of stable and continuous. In this paper, a structure optimization model for large-scale, commercialization solar thermal energy storage system is proposed according to life cycle analysis. Based on the analysis of thermal energy storage medium, thermal energy storage tanks, insulation, bottom bearing structure, pump energy and land use, the optimization of thermal energy storage system is realized. Finally, the structure optimization design for 50MW solar power plant is implemented and storage tank’s geometric parameters are calculated. This research can provide technological support for large-scale application of solar thermal generation.
Study on Micro-Structure of Al-Doped ZnO Thin Films
Authors: Ye Jun Yao , Wang Su Li
Published: June 2012

Al-doped ZnO thin films（ZnO:Al）were prepared by sol-gel process, the influence of preparation parameters on micro-structure was studied by XRD. The results showed that the solution concentration of 0.65mol/L was multi-axis orientation and when the concentration reached 0.8mol/L the film showed c-axis preferred growth; when film was too thin, showing amorphous, with the film thickness increased, ZnO:Al film turned multi-axis orientation to (002) plane preferential growth; the grain could not get enough energy to move to the right place for crystal when annealing temperature was too low, with the annealing temperature increased, ZnO:Al turned from multi-axis orientation to c-axis preferred orientation.
A Novel Method for the Preparation of Nano-Sized Nickle Powders
Authors: Han Zhao , Zhu Hong Min
Published: June 2012

Nano-sized nickel powders were prepared through a wet chemical reduction, of NiCl2 by sodium in liquid ammonia at -45 °C, and a subsequent heat-treatment in vacuum at 300 °C. The prepared product was systematically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scan electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and BET specific surface area measurement. The results show that the product was composed of nano-sized nickel particles, with average particle diameter of about 20 nm, and specific surface area of about 30 m2g-1. The possible formation mechanism of the nano-sized nickel powder was also discussed briefly.
Effect of Annealing Treatment on Gaseous Hydrogen Characteristics and Electrochemical Properties of La0.67Mg0.33Ni2.5 Co0.5 Alloy Electrodes
Authors: Zhang Wei Na , Li Ping , Zhai Fu Qiang , Wan Qi , Cui Li Qun , Li Yun Long , Qu Xuan Hui
Published: June 2012

The effect of annealing treatment on the structure, gaseous hydrogen characteristics and electrochemical properties of the La 0.67 Mg 0.33 Ni 2.5 Co 0.5 alloys was investigated. Alloy structure analyses show that all of the alloys consisted of complex phases such as (La,Mg)2(Ni,Co)7 phase, (La,Mg)(Ni,Co)3 phase and La(Ni,Co)5 phase. The homogenization of composition was improved by annealing treatment. Gaseous hydrogen characteristics were also improved after annealing. The pulverization of the alloy particles was reduced after annealing treatment, which could improve the cycling stability. Electrochemical experiments show that all of the alloy electrodes exhibited good activation characteristics, that annealing treatment improved the maximum discharge capacities of the alloy electrodes from 371.1 mAh/g (as-cast) to 387.7 mAh/g (1173K). The cyclic stability of alloy electrodes was also improved after annealing. However, the high rate dischargeability characteristics were deteriorated.
Effect of Vanadium on Thermal Fatigue Resistance of Cr5 Deposited Metal
Authors: Wang Qing Bao , Li Zhuo Xin , Shi Yao Wu , Xiao Jing
Published: June 2012

In the present work, effect of vanadium on mechanical and thermal fatigue resistance of Cr5 deposited metal is investigated. It is found that hard phases with rich vanadium are mainly distributed at grain boundaries. Vanadium affects the high temperature tensile strength and thermal fatigue cracking obviously. With the increase of vanadium content, high temperature tensile strength of deposited metals shows a initial rise up, then drop for more than 0.54 wt.% V. Toughness and high temperature plasticity are increased up to 0.26 wt.% V, then drop up to 0.89 wt.% V, then toughness and plasticity increase again. Moreover, the thermal fatigue crack length shows a initial decrease up to 0.26 wt. % V, then slightly rise up for 0.89 wt.% V, then crack length shorten again. It is expected that the optimal vanadium content is in a range of 0.18~0.26 wt.% for resisting the thermal crack growth. Fractographic observation shows that the thermal fatigue cracks mainly are transgranular growth. It is felt that the crack length is closely related to microstructure, oxidation resistance, toughness and high temperature plasticity of the deposited alloy
The Analysis of Measurement and Model of Solar Radiation in Hohhot
Authors: Wang Zhi Min , Wang Ya Hui , Tian Rui , Wang Jing Jing
Published: June 2012

The data of four sets of the sun radiation testing system in Hohhot was processed by the method of standard deviation to get the highest relative accuracy as a model with data. By comparing the measuring value with the calculating value of clear-sky solar radiation model established, it is found the model is only fit for the sunny day, moreover the lager percentage of sunshine is, the model is more appropriate. This model can meet the practical needs of general engineering and also can be used in the analysis of building energy efficiency
Microstructure and some Dynamic Performances of Ti-V-Pd-Cr-Ni Metal Hydride Electrode Alloy
Authors: Zeng Xian Wen , Qiao Yu Qing , Zhao Min Shou
Published: June 2012

Microstructure and Some Dynamic Parameters of Ti-V-Pd-Cr-Ni metal hydride electrode alloy have been investigated by XRD, FESEM and EIS measurements. The result shows that the alloy is mainly composed of bcc phase and TiNi-based secondary phase. The discharge capacity increases with increasing temperature in a wider temperature region from 303 K to 343 K. The result of electrochemical impedance spectrometry indicates that RT decreases with increasing temperature, which is 2.392Ω, 0.531Ω and 0.156Ω at 303K, 323K and 343K, respectively. However, I0 increases with increasing temperature, which is 72.76 mA g-1, 327.75 mA g-1 and 1262.88 mA g-1 at 303K, 323K and 343K, respectively.
The Design on Heating System for Experiment of Solar Energy and Geothermal-Source Heat Pump
Authors: Cai Ying Ling , Wu Yin Long , Zhang Hua , Li Ji Wei
Published: June 2012

Through the study on the project, we can easily find that if we do not need heat the whole day, adopting the dynamic load method to calculate the heating load is more advisable compared to adopting a steady-state one, especially when we select the equipment. After establishing the mathematical model of the project, under the premise of meeting the heating load, considered the economy, the optimal solar collector area of this project is 11.1 square meters. In addition, through simulating the project, we can learn that the best azimuth of solar collectors in Shanghai is south by east 22.5 °.
On the Deduction and the Application of Dynamic Similarity Criteria of Steel Structure under Large Deformation Condition
Authors: Li Yuan
Published: June 2012

Dynamic similarity criteria for large deformation of huge steel structure were derived according to Dimensional Matrix Analysis of the Buckingham Pi theorem and the similarity relations that must be satisfied by the physical quantities of model and prototype in huge steel structure model test are obtained. The 1/50 scale model of TC power is designed and made based on the similarity theory and the dynamic experiment is done. The calculation data with similarity theory are in agreement with that of experiment. So the model test can substitute for prototype test when they satisfy the similarity relations. A new way to solve dynamic analysis problem of huge steel structure is explored.
Preparation and Characterization of Rare Earth Ions Doped Fluoride Core-Shell up-Conversion Luminescence Nanomaterials
Authors: Zhang Jun , Shen Hai Ou , Wang Shun Hao , Li Yan Li , Xin Hui , Zhu Chun Tao , Peng Xiang Da
Published: June 2012

Coating a heterogeneous layer outside the core nanoparticles has become a common method to protect the properties of nanoparticles and may extend the application range of core nanoparticles. Rare earth ion-doped nanoparticles NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ is one of the most efficient up-conversion nanosystems. In this work, a multi-functional NaYF4:Yb 3+ ,Er 3+ @TiO2 core-shell structure nanocomposite was synthesized. The structure, optical and photoluminescence properties of the up-converting nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and room temperature up-conversion luminescence (UCL) spectrofluorimetric measurements.
Synthesis of Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2 Hierarchical Architectures and their Electrochemical Properties as Positive Materials of Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Li Shao , Mi Li Wei , Zhao Juan Juan , Yang Chang Chun , Zhang Jian Min , Chen Wei Hua , Shi Qiu Zhi
Published: June 2012

A series of Li[Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1]O2 were synthesized with different [Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1](OH)2 as precursors. Because the precursors were obtained via hydrothermal method at solutions with different ratios of ethanol and distilled water, they present different morphology in details. This phenomenon were inherited by the Li[Ni0.8Co0.1Mn0.1]O2. In addition, as-synthesized materials Li[Ni 0.8 Co 0.1 Mn 0.1]O2 perform distinct electrochemical properties as cathode materials in lithium-ion battery. The results indicate that more ethanol used in this work is effective to modify the surface structure of materials leading to better electrochemical properties. In addition, more ethanol in synthesis process could also improve the density of samples.
The Research on Regularity of Residual Stress Distribution of Engine Crankshaft Fillet Rolling
Authors: Sun Yu , Guo Chen Hai , Cao Xiao Hui
Published: June 2012

The paper sets up the Finite Element Model on the basis of crankshaft fillet rolling experiment and its mechanism. And then the paper shows the distribution of the residual stress in different depths of rolled crankshaft fillet through numerical simulation. It is found that the fatigue strength can greatly be produced by the method of the engine crankshaft fillet rolling in most of fillet areas; Simultaneously, two strips of tensile stress which is related to reduce the crankshaft fatigue strength will be generated in the peripheries. The tensile stress strips only emerge in the surface layer of the fillet, and then mainly disappear in the depths of 0.4mm below the surface layer. The paper concludes that the main reason of strips of tensile stress lies on the transition between the deformed region and the non-deformed reformed region after trolley wheel pressure is imposed on through a further research.
Synthesis of Segmented Block Copolymers Based on Polyamide-1010 and Polytetramethylene Glycol
Authors: Huo Li , Li Hua
Published: June 2012

Segmented block copolymers (PA1010-b-PEG) based on α,ω-dicarboxy-polyamide-1010 (PA1010dC, = 1000, 2000, 3000 and 5000) and α,ω-dihydroxy-polytetramethylene glycol (PEG, = 1000, 2000) were synthesized by melt condensation. Various block copolyamides with different block lengths of the hard and soft segments were obtained, and their composition and block lengths were determined via FT-IR and 1H-NMR.
Application of Simultaneous TG-DSC Version on Combustion Characteristics Test of Blended Coal
Authors: Yang Guo Liang , Chen Si Ning , Yang Zhao Chun , Kong Xiang Bei
Published: June 2012

The simultaneous TG-DSC version of SENSYS EVO CALORIMETER is applied to the combustion characteristics test of coal, and obtains the TG - Heat Flow curve of meager lean coal, anthracite and blended coal of 75% meager lean coal and 25% anthracite, in the lower scanning rate .the curve and data analysis show that, compared with meager lean coal and anthracite, the blended coal has the lower ignition temperature, the higher weight loss ratio and heat flow. This means that blended coal with this components is more easily ignited, burning more sufficiently. In addition, although the proportion of mixed meager lean coal accounting for 3/4, but the combustion characteristics of blended coal relatively more close to anthracite’s.
Study on the Cu-Ni/Y2O3-ZrO2 Catalytic Performance in Ethanol Steam Reforming
Authors: Wu Hong Da , Jia Ying Gui , Yin Yu , Zhao Lue
Published: June 2012

Y2O3-ZrO2 support was prepared by two-step precipitation method with ammonia and oxalic acid. A series of Cu-Ni/Y2O3-ZrO2 catalysts were prepared by impregnation method. The catalysts were investigated and then characterized by XRD and SEM results. The activity of catalysts in ethanol steam reforming was studied. The effects of the catalyst composition on the ethanol conversion rate were discussed and the catalysts inactivation phenomenon under the temperature ranging from 673K to 723K was then analyzed. The results show that 1Cu9Ni/1Y9Zr catalyst has higher activity in ethanol steam reforming, over which ethanol conversion rate is higher than 98% under the situation of 623K, while the inactivation of catalysts with Cu/Ni>3/7 at 673K~723K was caused by carbon deposition .
The Study of the Methane Oxidation in Soil Cover under Extraction Condition
Authors: Fan Zhi Hua , Tian Yu , Wang Jing , Zhang Qian
Published: June 2012

The methane transport was effected by the oxygen reaction across the cover soil. The air flow into the cover could be contribute to methane oxidation, when the extraction working. The gas flow and transport were the coupling process, which must be considered to evaluate the methane reaction in landfill cover. Both of the maximum oxidation rate and permeability of the soil was the critical index for assessing the methane outflow the cover from the landfill. It will provide technological support and theoretical evidence for the evaluation of the methane removal under the gas extraction system in landfill cover.
Study on Amorphous Silica Powder Properties
Authors: Liu Quan Xiao , Xu Wen Cai
Published: June 2012

In this paper amorphous silica powder properties are analyzed and studied. It shows that precipitated silica has larger specific surface area, higher absorption value, higher whiteness and lower bulk density. Different usage of amorphous silica has different properties and different particle size. The order of particle size is that precipitation silica for rubber is bigger than precipitated silica for filler, and the smallest is precipitated silica for coating. XRD, FTIR, SEM and TEM show that precipitated silica is amorphous silica which has wealthy hydroxyl and porous properties and chain branched structure.
Experimental Research on Coal Biodesulfurization by Mixed Culture Column Leaching
Authors: Yang Yu , Ren Gai Mei , Wang Xiang , Yang Li
Published: June 2012

The removal of sulfur in coal before its combustion can reduce its environmental pollution, and microbial desulfurization should have good application prospects. Some species of bacteria have been used in the process of coal desulfurization, and our previous study demonstrated that mixed culture should be more efficient than pure culture by shaking cultivation. In this study, column leaching was investigated, due to its similarity to the industrial heap leaching. The mixed culture consisted of three strains of bacteria, which were Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans respectively. The ratio of the three strains of bacteria was 1: 1: 1. The column (50 cm height, 650 mm Inner Diameter) bioleaching experiments were carried out at ambient temperature. After desulfurization for 18 days, the ultimate desulfurization rate was 28.66% for total sulfur, which was higher than the previous study of J.Cara (with total sulfur desulfurization rate for 24% after 125 days). This study showed that ferric ions should be in proper concentration, and Leptospirillum ferrooxidans might be in lower ratio for reducing the precipitation of jarosite and improving the efficient of coal desulfurization.
Analysis and Precautionary Measures for T23 Steel Water Wall Leakage of 1000MW Ultra-Supercritical Tower Boiler
Authors: Li Fang Yong , Zhan Zhi Gang
Published: June 2012

Taking the case of the T23 steel water wall leakage in a 1000MW ultra-supercritical tower boiler as an example, the reasons why the T23 steel water wall leakage of this type tower boiler may take place easily were analyzed from several aspects such as the material characteristics of T23 steel, the jointing and welding technology, the heat sensitivity of water walls and the rationality of operating ways. Then the measures to decrease water wall leakage were brought in, which improved the operating security of the tower boiler.
Life Cycle Analysis on Energy Efficiency and CO2 Emissions of China’s New Energy City Bus
Authors: Yang Dong Bo , Liu Li , Zeng Ceng , Han Li Bo
Published: June 2012

Life cycle analysis provides global research methods for the assessment of life cycle performance. In this research, a WTW（well to wheel）model was introduced to study and compare the energy efficiency and CO2 emissions from diesel bus, CNG bus and electric bus. The results show that the WTW total energy efficiency of diesel bus is 1790MJ/100km. The energy efficiency of CNG bus is 6% lower than that of diesel bus, while the energy efficiency of electric bus is 36% higher than that of diesel bus. Both CNG bus and electric bus show good potential of oil replacement with oil consumption decrease of 98% and 90%. As more than 80% of China’s electricity is produced by coal, electric bus has equal effect as CNG bus on CO2 reduction. Compared to diesel bus, CO2 emissions from new energy bus are reduced by 14%.