bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Using Realistic Images for Plant Classification and Effect on Classification Difficulty
Authors: Ashqer Yaqeen Salatneh , Bikdash Marwan , Liang Chyi Lyi (Kathleen)
Published: June 2024

We proposed a hybrid computer-vision framework that distinguishes different plant species (such as radish and weeds) that combines machine learning methods (such as Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) classifiers) with application-specific features and image processing methods such as our own plant leaf isolation algorithm. The designed features include geometrical features that are sensitive to plant shape, as well as moment- invariant and texture features. The accuracy obtained using the combination of the designed features, and the isolation algorithm was 81.1% using SVM and 88.4% using Random Forest. We used 10-fold cross-validation to illustrate the importance of designing and selecting good features. We compared our designs with generic deep neural networks. We also compared our features with other features, such as SURF features classification, and our methods were more robust and produced better results. Throughout, we used realistic images obtained in the field, where the quality of the images depends on many factors such as lighting, seasons, occlusions, etc. We therefore include a careful discussion of the difficulty of classification problems and its dependence on the quality of images, and we propose computable definitions of problem difficulty, robustness, level of corruption, and degree of performance degradation due to corruption in the context of precision agriculture.
Synthesis of MIPs@H 2 S nanoparticle adsorbent for the specific adsorption of hazardous hydrogen sulfide gas: Approach to optimization
Authors: Moradirad Rohadin , Mahabadi Hassan Asilian , Shahtaheri Seyed Jamaleddin , Rashidi Alimorad
Published: June 2024

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas has long been challenging for the gas industry due to its toxicity, corrosiveness, and high concentration. Various physical and chemical methods have been studied to remove sulfur contamination. Among these various methods, the selective adsorption process has been considered a suitable desulfurization process mainly due to its energy consumption, low cost, and high efficiency. Therefore, with high adsorption capacity, fast mass transfer, and easy regeneration, surface imprinting polymerizations (SIPs) is a very efficient method for producing molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs). Based on the Taguchi design method, the optimum polymerization conditions with signal-to-noise ratio, template molecule (H2O), cross-linking agent (EGDMA), and molar ratio of functional monomer (MAA) 2:15:2.5, volume ratio of acetonitrile/ethyl acetate 1:9, primer was 75 and polymerization time was 24 hours. The volumetric method equation was used to determine the total amount of gas adsorbed. A better fit of the kinetic curve for the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs)/ Non-imprinted polymers (NIPs) adsorbent was obtained using the Langmuir equation and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model. The selectivity test results demonstrated the efficient adsorption and desorption capacity of MIPs@H2S. FE-SEM and BET showed that MIPs have a more specific surface area and a more multiporous structure than NIPs, which facilitates the adsorption of H2S.
FTIR, XRD, EDX with SEM Spectroscopic Studies on Sedimentary Rocks of Bodamalai Hills, South India
Authors: Krishnan Surendar , P Rajkumar
Published: June 2024

The sedimentary rocks are posses’ bunch amount of Minerals and Elements. Most of the Eastern Ghats were not much prevalence by Anthropogenic. These Natural Rock sediments undergone through proper investigation by spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, XRD and EDX with SEM are used to identify the Minerals and Elements. The Bodamalai hill is the part of Eastern Ghats, it is formed sedimentary rock samples have been carried out by these spectroscopic techniques to delineate the identification of Minerals and Elements through The Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) technique has been carried out to identify the minerals and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analysis is made for confirmation of identified minerals such as Quartz, Brunwigite, Calcite, Cristobalite, Gibbsite, Goethite, Halloysite, Hectorite, Illite, Kaolinite, Lepidocrocite, Microline Feldspar, Montmorillonite, Nacrite, Organic Compound, Palygorskite, Sepiolite, and Siderite are identified. The minerals were identified with help of available literature from IR absorption band of location of different peaks. The relative distribution of Quartz, Kaolinite and Felspar, Extinction coefficient, Crystallinity index and the Nature of Crystallinity are also discussed. This study demonstrates the Nature of Crystallinity, which was calculated by Crystalline Index of the Rock cementation in elevation wise from Top to Bottom are discussed.
MICP treated sand: Insights into the impact of particle size on mechanical parameters and pore network after biocementation
Authors: Erdmann Niklas , Schaefer Susanne , Simon Torben , Becker Andreas , Bröckel Ulrich , Strieth Dorina
Published: June 2024

Microbiologically Induced Calcium Carbonate Precipitation (MICP) is a technology for improving soil characteristics, especially strength, that has been gaining increasing interest in literature during the last few years. Although a lot of influencing factors on the result of MICP are known, particle size and shape of the particles remain poorly understood. While destructive measuring of compressive strength or calcium carbonate content are important for the characterization of samples these methods give no insight into the internal structures and pore networks of the samples. X-ray microcomputed tomography (micro-CT) is a technique that is used to characterize the internals of rocks and to a certain degree MICP-treated soils. However, the impact of filtering and image processing of micro-CT Data depending on the type of MICP sample is poorly described in the literature. In this study, single fractions of local quarry were treated with MICP through the ureolytic microorganism Sporosarcina pasteurii to investigate the influence of particle size distribution on calcium carbonate content, unconfined compressive strength and the reduction of water permeability. Additionally, micro-CT was conducted to obtain insights into the resulting pore system. The impact of the Gauss filter und Non-local means filter on the resulting images and data on the pore network are discussed. The results show that particle size has a significant impact on the result of all tested parameters of biosandstone with lower particle size leading to higher strength and generally higher calcium carbonate content. Micro-CT data showed that the technology is feasible to gain valuable insights into the internal structures of biosandstone but the resolution and signal-to-noise ratio remain challenging, especially for samples with particle sizes smaller than 125 µm..
The Effect of Preoperative, Single Dose Steroid on Hemorrhoidectomy
Authors: Gülen Merter , Emral Ahmet Cihangir , Ege Bahadır
Published: June 2024

Introduction
The aim of our study is to observe the effect of preoperative, single, high dose (0.2mg/kg) dexamethasone in terms of postoperative pain, postoperative analgesic need and short-term complication development in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy.
Methods
In our hospital, between January 2023 and October 2023 who met the study criteria were included in the study. Demographic and operational information of the patients, VAS values, complications if developed, and the amount of analgesic used (mg) were examined retrospectively from prospectively filled examination forms. Patients who were administered preoperative dexamethasone were examined as group S, and patients who were not administered preoperative dexamethasone were examined as group P.
Results
A total of 160 patients, 99 in the P group and 61 in the S group, were included in the study. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of age and removed hemorrhoidal packages (p > 0.05). Although no significant difference was observed in the preoperative VAS scores (p = 0.9) of the patients, postoperative (12th hour, 1st day and 5th day) VAS values were found to be statistically significantly lower in the S group (p < 0.001). When we looked at the analgesic usage amounts (mg) of the patients in the first 5 postoperative days, it was seen that a statistically significant small amount of analgesic was used in the S group (p < 0.001). When we compared the groups in terms of postoperative complications, no statistically significant difference was observed (p = 0.4).
Conclusions
Preoperative single high-dose steroid use can be safely applied in terms of pain control and less analgesic need after hemorrhoidectomy.
Socioeconomic variation in early sexual debut among female adolescents in Bangladesh: Trend and decomposition analysis of 2011– 2017 Demographic and Health Survey data
Authors: Hossain Md. Aslam , Islam Md Kamrul , Saha Bristi Rani , Islam A. M. Mujahidul , Rahman Md. Ashfikur
Published: June 2024

Background
Female adolescent sexual behavior, particularly early sexual debut (ESD), poses significant risks and has garnered attention from researchers and society. While various factors influencing early sexual initiation have been studied, including socioeconomic disparities. This study examines the socioeconomic variation in ESD among female adolescents aged 15 to 19 in Bangladesh.
Methods
This research examines information gathered from three Bangladeshi Demographic and Health Survey data sets from 2011–2017. Researchers employed chi-square tests to identify relationships between categorical variables and logistic regression to pinpoint factors associated with ESD. To assess the socio-economic variation of ESD, the analysis utilized concentration curves, concentration indices, and decomposition techniques.
Results
Our study revealed that female adolescents’ age, adolescents from Rajshahi, Chittagong, Rangpur, Barisal, and Dhaka regions, who shared the toilet with other households, who were overweight, who preferred to marry earlier or later, who did not know about sexually transmitted infections, and who used contraceptives were more prone to experience ESD, with statistically notable findings (p < 0.05). In addition, adolescent females who were not Muslim and who pursued higher education were less likely to experience ESD. Further analysis of socioeconomic disparities using concentration curves showed poorer female adolescents had a higher incidence of ESD (CCI = -0.1001, p < 0.001). Decomposition of this inequality revealed that a female adolescent's education level was the largest contributor (48.81%) to the observed disparities, followed by knowledge of sexually transmitted infection (20.66%), adolescent's current age (17.78%), toilet shared with other households (7.55%), preferring to marry time (6.85%), and in the administrative region where female adolescents live (5.09%).
Conclusions
These findings highlight the complex interplay of socio-demographic factors in shaping adolescent sexual behaviors in Bangladesh. Targeted interventions addressing regional disparities, improving access to education and resources, and promoting reproductive health education will help to prevent ESD among female adolescents in Bangladesh.
Climate change and the variability in community structure of Alpine Lepidoptera: unstable spring and fuzzy autumn
Authors: Ulrich Werner , Schmitt Thomas , Gros Patrick , Habel Jan Christian
Published: June 2024

The current increase in annual temperatures is altering spatial distribution and timing of activity patterns, i.e. phenology, of many animal and plant species. Theory predicts consequences of altered phenology at the community level and possible mismatches within food chains. We inferred temporal changes in Lepidoptera phenology in a mountainous region of northern Austria under climate change and their implications for community structure and stability. Long-term records (1990‒2022) representing 110,794 records of 1838 Lepidoptera species at two altitudinal belts served to assess annual phenologies at a weekly resolution. We calculated the shifts in community structure from Sørensen and Spearman rank order similarities and quantified respective temporal trends in similarity across the study period from linear and polynomic models. The observed temporal trends towards earlier appearance in spring and prolonged activity in autumn caused significant trends towards community disassembly at lower altitudes throughout the vegetation period. These trends were most pronounced in summer and regard both, community composition and dominance hierarchy. At higher altitudes, trends towards community disassembly were less visible throughout the vegetation period. Community disassembly alters food web structures and affect species interactions, particularly pollination and possibly insect and plant diversity. Further studies need to assess the long-term effects of community disassembly on Alpine ecosystem functioning.
Molecular detection and genetic diversity of potyviruses in Allium spp. in the Marmara Region of Türkiye and determination of onion and garlic genotypes’ reactions to Onion yellow dwarf virus
Authors: ŞAFAK Fatma , KÖKLÜ Gassan
Published: June 2024

Garlic (Allium sativum L.), onion (Allium cepa L.), and leek (Allium porrum L.) are widely distributed in the Marmara region of Türkiye. Leek yellow stripe virus (LYSV) and Onion yellow dwarf virus (OYDV) are two of the most significant viral pathogens impacting the cultivation of edible Allium plants worldwide, leading to substantial economic losses. To assess the prevalence of these viruses, leaves from onion, garlic, and leek plants were collected from 778 plants across production fields in the Marmara region (Bursa, Edirne, Kocaeli, Kırklareli, Sakarya, and Tekirdağ). Samples were tested for the presence of OYDV and LYSV by ELISA and RT-PCR. Of the samples analyzed, 175 were found positive for OYDV, 79 for LYSV, and 21 showed mixed infection with both viruses. Successful amplification of specific gene regions (NIb-CP for Onion yellow dwarf virus and CP for Leek yellow stripe virus) was achieved using specific primers. Sequence analysis revealed that the LYSV and OYDV isolates obtained in this study exhibited identities ranging from 84.6–98.1% and 74.1–99.8% with sequences available in GenBank, respectively. Additionally, the reactions of the genotypes to OYDV were also investigated. OYDV isolate TR-OK64 (OR923732) from Bursa was inoculated into 6 garlic and 15 onion genotypes sourced from the Atatürk Horticultural Central Research Institute. Statistical analyses conducted using JMP Pro 13 revealed infected plants' reductions in leaf length, bulb height, bulb width and bulb mass.
Combination of Modest Dosage of Bevacizumab with TAS-102 Provided the Comparable Efficacy in Treating Refractory Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Tseng Kuan-Yu , Yang Mu-Ying , Chen Wei-Shone , Jiang Jeng-Kai , Wang Huann-Sheng , Chang Shih-Ching , Lan Yuan-Tzu , Lin Chun-Chi , Lin Hung-Hsin , Huang Sheng-Chieh , Cheng Hou-Hsuan , Lin Yu-Zu , Chang Che-Yuan , Yang Yi-Wen , Teng Hao-Wei
Published: June 2024

Background
Given that the combination of bevacizumab and TAS-102 is used to treat refractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), we aimed to evaluate the efficacy of modest doses of bevacizumab in combination with TAS-102 for the treatment of refractory mCRC.
Methods
In total, 261 patients with refractory mCRC were enrolled and categorized into two groups: TAS-102 combined with bevacizumab and TAS-102 alone. In the bevacizumab combination group, patients were further divided into two subgroups based on a median dose of 3.3 mg/kg. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-squared or Fisher’s exact tests, and continuous variables were assessed using the t-test. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to adjust for covariates. Survival analysis was performed using the log-rank test and Kaplan–Meier curves. Specific survival was evaluated using Restricted Mean Survival Time (RMST) and landmark analysis.
Result
The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 3.7 months in the TAS-102combined with bevacizumab group, and 2.2 months in the group without bevacizumab, showing statistical significance in favor of bevacizumab combination group (P = 0.004). The median overall survival (OS) was 9.4 months in the bevacizumab combination group and 10.3 months in the group that did not receive combination therapy. A survival benefit was observed within 9.5 months in both the RMST and landmark analyses. However, no long-term OS benefit was evident, regardless of bevacizumab combination (P = 0.248).
Conclusion
The modest doses of bevacizumab and TAS-102 provided comparable efficacy to the standard dose schedule, especially within a limited timeframe of 9.5 months.
Development of pomegranate peel extract amalgamated ternary hydrogel with synergistic antibacterial efficacy against Escherichia Coli (E.Coli)
Authors: Andlib Huma , Shafiq Muhammad , Sabir Aneela
Published: June 2024

This study generated and assessed a series of novel combinations made of chitosan (CS), poly (vinyl pyrolidine (PVP) and guar gum (GG). By using a casting solution approach several combinations were synthesized by keeping constant CS, GG and PVP with various concentrations of crosslinker while pomegranate extract concentration was kept constant. The study also looked at the blends behaviour when they swelled and their antibacterial qualities. Significant antibacterial action was shown by the produced blends against microorganisms including, Escherichia coli due to presence of pomegranate extract. In the fabricated hydrogel the polymers strong intermolecular bonds were confirmed by FTIR. The blends swelling behaviour revealed that crosslinking(γ-APTES) had an impact on their hydrophilicity, CPG 4 showing outstanding swelling time. The information gathered from all characterization suggests that ternary novel pH sensitive hydrogel of Guar gum, CS, and PVP have the potential to be used as drug carrier as well as could be used for other biological applications like for wound healing due to its incredible antibacterial response.
Autophagy and inflammasome molecular interplay and activation predict poor response to FLT3 inhibitors in patients with FLT3-ITD acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: de Macedo Brunno Gilberto Santos , de Melo Manuela Albuquerque , Pereira-Martins Diego Antonio , Machado-Neto João Agostinho , Traina Fabíola
Published: June 2024

Beyond its clinical diversity and severity, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is known for its complex molecular background and for rewiring biological processes to aid disease onset and maintenance. FLT3 mutations are among the most recurring molecular entities that cooperatively drive AML, and their inhibition is a critical molecularly oriented therapeutic strategy. Despite being a promising avenue, it still faces challenges such as intrinsic and acquired drug resistance, which led us to investigate whether and how autophagy and inflammasome interact and whether this interaction could be leveraged to enhance FLT3 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy. We observed a strong and positive correlation between the expression of key genes associated with autophagy and the inflammasome. Gene set enrichment analysis of the FLT3-ITD samples and their ex vivo response to five different FLT3 inhibitors revealed a common molecular signature compatible with autophagy and inflammasome activation across all poor responders. Inflammasome activation was also shown to strongly increase the likelihood of a poor ex vivo response to the FLT3 inhibitors quizartinib and sorafenib. These findings reveal a distinct molecular pattern within FLT3-ITD AML samples that underscores the necessity for further exploration into how approaching these supportive parallel yet altered pathways could improve therapeutic strategies.
Screening tool for sarcopenia (SARC-F) predicts unsatisfactory medical treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms in elderly men aged 75 years or older: a preliminary observational study
Authors: Wada Naoki , Hatakeyama Tsubasa , Takagi Haruka , Morishita Shun , Tsunekawa Ryoken , Nagabuchi Masaya , Kitta Takeya , Kakizaki Hidehiro
Published: June 2024

Purpose: We investigated the influence of sarcopenia on treatment outcomes in elderly patients receiving medical therapy for lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS).
Methods: We included male patients with LUTS aged ≥75 years who had not changed their medication for 1 year. Current conditions were estimated using IPSS, overactive bladder symptoms score (OABSS), and screening tool for sarcopenia (SARC-F). SARC-F score of ≧4 was defined as sarcopenia.
Results: We included 59 patients in this study, including 16 patients (27.1%) with sarcopenia. IPSS total score, voiding symptom score of IPSS, and IPSS-QOL were significantly higher in the sarcopenia group than the non-sarcopenia group. The non-sarcopenia group had significantly larger PV (40 vs. 20 ml) and higher testosterone levels (497.5 vs. 369 ng/ml) compared with the sarcopenia group. Moderate and severe LUTS (IPSS total ≥8) persisted in 34 patients (57.6%) after medical treatment. Multivariate analysis showed that only SARC-F was a significant factor affecting the IPSS total ≥8 despite medical treatment for 1 year (OR 1.67, 95%CI: 1.13–2.46).
Conclusion: Sarcopenia defined by using SARC-F is a significant factor for unsatisfactory medical treatment of LUTS in elderly men aged ≥75 years.
Insight into the Blood Microbiome of Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) Patient: Pilot Study
Authors: El-Bassyouni Hala T. , Mansour Nahla M. , Eldeen Ghada Nour , Elkalla Wagiha S. , Sokkar Mona F. , Lotfy Randa S. , Zarouk Waheba A.
Published: June 2024

Objectives
Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) is one of the most frequent Mediterranean genetic diseases. It is an autoinflammatory disorder caused by MEFV gene mutations. We investigated the blood microbiome composition in patients with FMF due to genetic disorder with single or double heterozygosity compared to control subjects.
Methods
We analyzed the blood microbiome of 10 FMF patients (5 Heterozygote and 5 double heterozygote) and 10 controls targeting the V3-V4 within 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid gene by using the next generation sequencing with the Illumina MiSeq platform, bioinformatics and statistic methods.
Results
Compared to the control subjects, significant changes in blood microbiome were detected in FMF patient group. The abundance of families; Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Micrococcaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, Clostridiaceae, Camobacteriaceae, and Dermabacteraceae was significantly lower than the control by expressing P value < 0.05.
Conclusions
blood microbiome dysbiosis in FMF revealed the potential correlation of the blood microbiome in such disease clinical course, which will open the door for further research to implement microbiome base in FMF treatment and prevention.
Bilateral Tuberculous Dactylitis of both hand and feet in a female toddler: A Case Report on a Rare Presentation of Skeletal Tuberculosis in children
Authors: Gebrehana Alazar Wogayehu , Munye Gizeyalew , Mekonen Aysheshim Kinde , Mengistu Segenet Bizuneh , Geletaw Teshome , Omar Issac
Published: June 2024

Background Even though Tuberculosis is a common disease among children in developing countries, tuberculous dactylitis is an uncommon form of Skeletal tuberculosis specially with involvement of both the hands and feet. Case Presentation A 1 year and 6 months old previously healthy female ethiopian toddler presented to our pediatric outpatient clinic with a 2 month duration of painful multiple swellings over both her hands and feet. The swelling involved the proximal phalanx of left index finger, dorsum of the right hand and dorsum of both feet over the 1st metatarsal bone. Physical examination, radiologic findings Histopathology suggested tuberculous dactylitis. The patient was treated with Anti tuberculosis drugs for 12 months and clinical radiologic examination showed marked improvement and recovery. Conclusion Tubercular dactylitis should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of children from endemic areas presenting with bone and joint pain or swelling. Our experience of 12 months course of Anti TB which is in line with WHO recommendations of treatment of skeletal Tuberculosis, showed excellent outcome.
Anatomy of the uncertainty of satellite vicarious calibration using radiosondes: concepts and preliminary results for microwave radiometric observations
Authors: Cimini Domenico , Barlakas Vasileios , Carminati Fabien , De Angelis Francesco , Paola Francesco Di , Fassò Alessandro , Gallucci Donatello , Gentile Sabrina , Hewison Tim , Larosa Salvatore , Madonna Fabio , Mattioli Vinia , Montopoli Mario , Romano Filomena , Rosoldi Marco , Viggiano Mariassunta , Von Engeln Axel , Ricciardelli Elisabetta
Published: June 2024

Calibration of satellite observations is crucial to ensure the quality of retrieved products essential for meteorological and climate applications. Calibration is obtained and monitored through a cascade of stages, including post-launch vicarious calibration/validation activities through comparison with independent reference measurements. Here, the vicarious calibration method using radiative transfer simulations based on reference radiosondes is considered in the framework of the calibration/validation activities for the Microwave Imager (MWI) and the Ice Cloud Imager (ICI) to be launched with the Second Generation of EUMETSAT Polar System. This paper presents an overview of the uncertainty characterization of the vicarious calibration of MWI and ICI using radiosondes as performed within the EUMETSAT-funded VICIRS study.
Federated Learning Incentivize with Privacy-Preserving for IoT in Edge Computing in the Context of B5G
Authors: Jalali Nasir Ahmad , Chen Hongsong
Published: June 2024

Federated learning and edge computing have resulted in the broad adoption of internet of Things (IoT) due to their fast reaction times and low connection costs. In general, edge computing requires users to send raw data to a central server for further processing. However, this data frequently contains sensitive information that individuals may not want to disclose. As a result, transferring user data with sensitive information increases the risk of data leakage when various unauthorized devices access it. Integrating federated learning with edge computing improves privacy by creating a consistent deep learning model across devices, eliminating the need for real data transferring but the complexity and heterogeneity of the IoT environment present challenges like privacy, low communication, incentives, and seamless data aggregation. In this work, we concentrate on improving privacy with communication stability and designing incentive mechanisms to motivate more clients to participate in the model training process to enhance the performance and accuracy of data aggregation in a highly trusted environment. As a result, the novelty point is the development of a framework that combined a blockchain with federated edge computing in the context of beyond 5G to address the aforementioned challenges and provide excellent communicative and trusted environment. The study's rigorous evaluation showed that the integration of blockchain and B5G technology significantly improved the overall process of federated edge computing including increased accuracy, prevented loss, and motivated more clients to participate in the training process.
Seismic Retrofitting of RCC Buildings Using Prestressing Techniques
Authors: MESHRAM SANGITA
Published: June 2024

Seismic retrofitting to reduce the vulnerability of a structure is a relatively recent concept. Seismic retrofitting of earthquake-prone structures is a major political and social issue today. Failure occurs when structures are unable to withstand seismic impact. To address this issue, seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete buildings is required. A structure may require strengthening or rehabilitation for a variety of reasons, including a lack of strength (flexure, shear, etc.), stiffness, ductility, and durability.
The primary goal of this research is to better understand the behaviour of structures in various zones, as well as to analyse and design buildings while earthquakes are present. Many existing lifeline structures were evaluated, designed, and detailed in accordance with the recommendations of the codes in use at the time. Such architectures require re-evaluation every ten years. Such constructions usually do not meet current seismic criteria; thus, retrofitting is needed. The design of an RCC beam can be utilized to calculate the needed sections for various moments of resistance. The data book provided will be valuable for engineers designing prestressed concrete beams and retrofitting RCC beams with prestressed concrete. The trend line equation produced from the graph will be useful in estimating the moment of resistance for different seismic zones.
PlanAgent: Embodied Visual-Language Model for Grounded Task planning with Environment Map
Authors: Yue Yuanchang , Yao Fanglong , Liu Youzhi , Liu Nayu , Jin Li , Zhang Zequn , Zhang Daobing , Sun Xian , Fu Kun
Published: June 2024

Embodied Intelligence refers to the agent interacting with the environment, perceiving, planning, decision-making, and executing like humans, which is applicable in smart homes, drone inspections, and other domains. Embodied task planning is one of the main tasks of embodied intelligence, which generates detailed step-by-step plans while perceiving the surrounding environment and understanding language instruction. Visual-language models, with powerful multimodal representation capabilities, have been generalized to various tasks. When applied to embodied task planning, it still faces the following two challenges. Firstly, the intricate complexity of the environment leads to difficulties in global environment information modeling. Secondly, frequent turns in task paths result in the dependence on strong spatial reasoning ability. To overcome these challenges, we propose PlanAgent, the first embodied visual-language model for embodied task planning. Specifically, the environment map is employed to model the global environment information. Then we present the environment map encoder to extract task-related information from the environment. Further, to reduce task path planning's dependence on strong spatial reasoning, we introduce the self-posture-aware training strategy to break down long-term spatial reasoning into short-term. We build the EmbodiedPlan-20k dataset for grounded planning in embodied tasks. Our experiments on the dataset demonstrate that PlanAgent outperforms previous methods and all components are effective.
Genome-wide identification of the EIN3/EIL transcription factor family and their responses under abiotic stresses in Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)
Authors: Su Xinru , Wang Juan , Sun Shoujiang , Peng Wenxin , Li Manli , Mao Peisheng , Dou Liru
Published: June 2024

Background
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is known as the "king of forage" due to its high protein, mineral, carbohydrate, and digestive nutrient content. However, various abiotic stresses inhibit the growth and development of alfalfa, ultimately leading to a decrease in yield and quality. The ethylene-insensitive 3 (EIN3)/ethylene-insensitive 3-like (EIL) transcription factors are core regulators in plant ethylene signaling, playing important roles in plant development and response to abiotic stresses. However, a comprehensive genome-wide analysis of EIN3/EIL genes in alfalfa has not yet been conducted.
Results
In this study, we identified ten MsEIN3/EIL genes from the alfalfa (cv.Zhongmu No.1) genome, which were classified into four clades based on phylogenetic analysis. The motif 1, motif 2, motif 3, motif 4, and motif 9 of the MsEIN3/EIL genes constitute the conserved structural domains. Gene duplication analyses suggest that segmental duplication (SD) is a major driver of the expansion of the MsEIN3/EIL gene family during evolution. The analysis of the cis-acting elements in the promoter of MsEIN3/EIL genes showed their ability to respond to various hormones and stresses. The analysis of tissue expression revealed that group A and group C members were highly expressed in flowers and seeds, while group D members were highly expressed in roots and stems. Furthermore, RNA-Seq analysis demonstrated that the expression of MsEIN3/EIL genes were responsive to ABA treatment and different abiotic stresses (e.g., salt, cold, and drought stress).
Conclusion
This study investigated MsEIN3/EIL genes in alfalfa and identified three candidate MsEIN3/EIL transcription factors involved in the regulation of abiotic stresses. These findings will provide valuable insights into uncovering the molecular mechanisms underlying various stress responses in alfalfa.
Development and application of Whole-herd-Sampling, qPCR-based- Testing, and Precision-Removal methods to Eliminate ASFV in Four Large Swine Herds in China
Authors: Li Xiaowen , Li Peng , Zhang Bingzhou , Wu Weisheng , Li Junxian , Gao Wenchao , Yu Jincheng , Fan Mingyu , Wang Yunzhou , Yu Qiannan , Li Jintao , Zhang Xiaoyang , Liu Qingyuan , Wu Lili , Wang Xinglong , Yan Zhichun
Published: June 2024

Since the first ASFV case was reported in China in 2018, the conventional depopulation method to control ASF has proved unwieldy because of its high production intensity and complex trade network. To provide an alternative to conventional stamping out methods, we developed a” Whole-herd-Sampling, qPCR-based-Testing, and Precision-Removal” method by sampling every whole herd sampling and qPCR tests to determine the status of ASFV in herds and using a precision removal of identified sows. By developing and applying these methods, we successfully controlled ASF and eliminated the virus from 4 large swine herds from 2019 to 2020. The time to negative herd (TTNH) was 19, 28, 14, and 1 day from farm 1 to 4, respectively. Retention rates of pigs from farm 1 to farm 4 were 69.7%, 65%, 99.4%, and 99.72%, respectively. We anticipated that this innovative method would be a good alternative to the conventional stamping out method and greatly facilitate the control and eradication of ASFV in China and worldwide.
Evolution of “Live fast, die late” life history strategy in Drosophila melanogaster males
Authors: Shakarad Mallikarjun , Farand Abhishek , Shrivastava Nidhi , Rauhila Neha , Khati Meenakshi , Yadav Abhishek
Published: June 2024

In holometabolus insects, fitness is intricately linked with body size. Large males with high energy reserves often adopt ‘live fast, die young’ life-history strategy to maximize fitness compared to small individuals. However, in promiscuous, iteroparous systems, males that live fast and die late have evolutionary advantage. Using two types of Drosophila melanogaster populations- one that have evolved small size as a response to long term selection for faster development and extended longevity (FLJs) and the other that are large ancestral control populations (JBs), we revisit the (i) disposable soma theory, and (ii) live fast, die early life history strategy hypothesis. Contrary to the two hypotheses, the small FLJ males with significantly reduced energy reserves invested heavily in pre-reproductive traits as indicated by significantly higher courtship duration, number of mounting attempts, and comparable copulation duration to JB males. FLJ males also have comparable lifetime fecundity and realized fitness without compromising on longevity, suggesting that FLJ males are adopting a novel “live fast, die late” life history strategy.
Establishment of an Animal Model for Chronic Renal Injury Induced by Nutcracker Syndrome and Analysis of Potential Mechanisms
Authors: Wu Wensong , Awuti·Aisha Aisha , Chang Fan , Jianghui Zhang , Shuai Tang , Lv Zheng , Chen Fangmin
Published: June 2024

Background
Although the conservative treatment duration for Nutcracker Syndrome (NCS) has been recommended by experts, it lacks supporting literature from basic experiments. This study aims to construct an animal model of NCS to investigate the kidney damage under different congestion durations in rats.
Method
We innovatively established a rat model of NCS and relieved renal congestion through secondary surgery, with renal vein reperfusion confirmed by animal ultrasound. Histopathological changes in congested kidneys at 3, 6, and 9 days were evaluated using HE and Masson staining, and the expression of renal injury factors was determined using q-PCR. Additionally, we preliminarily explored the molecular mechanisms of NCS using bioinformatics techniques.
Results
Renal tissue pathology changes were evident with prolonged obstruction time. Compared to the sham-operated group, no apparent fibrosis was observed in the kidneys at 3 days post-congestion, whereas fibrosis was most severe at 9 days post-congestion, with no significant improvement even after blood flow restoration. 6 days post-congestion relief, there was some alleviation of renal fibrosis. q-PCR results indicated a significant reduction in fibrosis markers' expression after 3 or 6 days of renal vein ligation release. Following restoration of blood flow on the 9th day post-congestion, there were no significant changes in fibrosis markers. Five hub genes, including MMP2, CD4, CD44, COL1A1, and FN1, were identified as key genes associated with NCS. We screened 86 compounds related to these hub genes as potential therapeutic drugs for NCS.
Conclusion
By matching the lifespan of rats with human lifespan, we conclude that patients with mild NCS symptoms can receive conservative treatment for six months; if conservative treatment is ineffective, surgical intervention should be considered.
Portal vein variations on routine contrast enhanced computed tomography of abdomen and its association with prevalence of accessory inferior right hepatic vein
Authors: Sharma Madhurima , Verma Nikita , Kapila Preeti , Sood Dinesh , Chauhan Narvir Singh
Published: June 2024

Purpose
To determine the prevalence of portal vein variations in patients undergoing routine contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the abdomen. Secondary objective was to determine any association between variant portal venous anatomy and prevalence of accessory inferior right hepatic vein (IRHV).
Materials and methods
A retrospective review of 500 patients was performed who underwent routine CECT abdomen over a period of six months. A total of 406 patients were included in the study (N = 406). Thin axial, multiplanar reformatted and maximum intensity projection computed tomography (CT) images were used to determine variant portal venous anatomy. In a subset of 381 patients with adequate opacification of hepatic veins, presence of an accessory IRHV was also noted.
Results
Normal type I portal venous anatomy was present in 314 out of 406 patients (77.34%). Variant portal venous anatomy was encountered in 22.66% cases. Type III portal vein (right posterior portal vein as first branch of main portal vein) was the most common variant seen in 9.61% of cases. Type II portal vein (trifurcation of main portal vein) was seen in 7.14% cases. There was no statistically significant difference between prevalence of IRHV in patients with normal and variant portal venous anatomy (p value = 0.145)
Conclusion
It is not uncommon to encounter portal venous variations on routine CECT abdomen. Type III portal vein was most commonly encountered variant in our study. Recognition of variant portal venous anatomy is important for surgeons and interventional radiologists.
Drought dynamics in mixed climate regions: insights for water resource management and climate adaptation strategies
Authors: KORKMAZ Meral , KURIQI Alban
Published: June 2024

Global warming and climate change are causing temperatures to rise, which is having a negative impact on water resources. Climate change is a worldwide problem that affects and will continue to affect the frequency and intensity of natural disasters in many regions of the world. Tunceli region in Turkey, which until ten years ago was known as an environmentally friendly city with abundant water resources and frequent rainfall, is experiencing a decrease in precipitation during the snowy winter season. This situation has made the investigation of climate change impacts an important issue in the region. Therefore, effective climate change adaptation strategies need to be developed. To determine these strategies, in this study, we assessed drought conditions using drought indices such as Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI), Normal Precipitation Index (PNI), and Aridity Index (AI). The SPI and RDI analyses were performed in annual reference periods on a time scale of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months using temperature, precipitation, and evaporation data. Consequently, the SPI and RDI results were compared, and both indices show similar behavior in dry, wet, and normal seasons. Nevertheless, RDI shows less variation between different time scales, which is an advantage over SPI and is probably due to the inclusion of potential evapotranspiration in RDI. The variations in PNI between humid and dry sub-humid categorizations throughout the years, combined with the AI results, indicate that the Tunceli region predominantly experiences a climate ranging from dry sub-humid to semi-arid. This study could help decision-makers take effective measures to become more resilient to climate change in temperate climate regions and take important steps toward sustainable water resources management.
Learning Cooperation Without Social interaction: Reciprocal Altruism in Rats with a Simulated Opponent
Authors: Delmas Guillermo E. , Marino Melani , Lew Sergio E. , Zanutto B. Silvano
Published: June 2024

In reciprocal altruism, unrelated individuals engage in behaviors that benefit others at some cost to themselves. While Trivers’theory of reciprocal altruism explains how natural selection can favor cooperation (or reciprocity) even among unrelatedindividuals, the mechanisms underlying this behavior remain elusive. Studies using the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (iPD) havedemonstrated reciprocal altruism in monkeys and recently, with positive and negative reinforcement along with a well-definedreward contrast, in rats, which exhibit high levels of mutual cooperation. Here, we ask whether this learning can be explainedby long-term reward maximization, without any social interaction. We replaced the live opponent rat with a simulated oneincapable of errors. Interestingly, rats still exhibited high levels of mutual cooperation. This suggests that social interaction,while potentially important, may not be strictly necessary for rats to learn reciprocal altruism within the iPD framework.
Understanding the contribution of structural diversity to stand biomass for carbon management of mixed forests using machine learning algorithms
Authors: He Xiao , Lei Xiangdong , Liu Di , Lei Yuancai , Gao Wenqiang , Lan Jie
Published: June 2024

The structural properties of mixed stands and their effects on forest carbon sink function have attracted the attention of forest managers. Understanding the comprehensive effects of stand factors and structure on forest biomass is critical for better carbon management. However, data and information on biomass variability and its relationships to stand structural features are still insufficient. The purpose of this study was to develop models linking stand-level biomass with stand factors and structure, and to quantify the effects of each variable on stand biomass in natural mixed forests, especially stand structure. Four machine learning (ML) algorithms named Support Vector Machine (SVM), Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Random Forest (RF) and Boosted Regression Trees (BRT) were adapted. The results showed that SVM and ANN outperformed RF and BRT algorithms in stand biomass estimation. ANN with tree size diversity as the input had the highest accuracy (R2=0.9255±0.0421) among the models. Furthermore, structural diversity was a reliable predictor of mixed stand biomass estimation which is superior to the stand average height traditionally used. The positive correlation between stand biomass and structural diversity suggested that the complex stand structure promoted the accumulation of stand biomass. Thus, our study offered a ML protocol for predicting stand biomass of natural coniferous-broadleaved mixed forests, and suggested that using comprehensive management measures such as properly promoting tree differentiation can help forest managers enhance ecosystem carbon.
Global burden of viral infectious diseases of poverty based on GBD 2021
Authors: LI Xinchen , ZHANG Yanyan , ZHANG Qiyu , LIU Jingshu , RAN Jinjun , HAN Lefei , ZHANG Xiaoxi
Published: June 2024

Background
Viral infectious diseases of poverty (vIDPs) remain a significant global health challenge. Despite their profound impact, the burden of these diseases is not comprehensively quantified. This study aims to analyze the global burden of six major vIDPs, including COVID-19, HIV/AIDS, acute hepatitis, dengue, rabies, and Ebola, by using data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 (GBD 2021).
Methods
Following the methodological framework and analytical strategies of the GBD 2021, we analyzed the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of the six vIDPs across 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We also examined the association between the Socio-Demographic Index (SDI) and the burden of vIDPs. All estimates were reported as numbers and rates per 100,000 population, with 95% uncertainty intervals (UI).
Results
In 2021, the total deaths due to vIDPs were approximately 8.7 million, and the DALYs were approximately 259.2 million, accounting for 12.8% and 9.0% of the global all-cause totals, respectively. Globally, the burden of vIDPs varied significantly. COVID-19 was the most impactful, with approximately 7.9 million (95% UI 7.5-8.4) deaths and 212.0 million (95% UI 197.9-234.7) DALYs in 2021. Acute hepatitis had the second-highest age-standardized incidence rate, while HIV/AIDS had a high age-standardized prevalence rate. The incidence of dengue significantly increased, with cases rising from 26.5 million (95% UI 3.9-51.9) in 1990 to 59.0 million (95% UI 15.5-106.9) in 2021. Rabies, although reduced in prevalence, continued to pose a significant mortality risk. Ebola had the lowest overall burden but showed significant impacts during outbreaks. Analysis revealed a negative correlation between SDI and DALYs for rabies, acute hepatitis, and HIV/AIDS, whereas dengue, Ebola, and COVID-19 showed no direct correlation with SDI.
Conclusions
vIDPs pose major public health challenges worldwide, with significant regional, age, and gender disparities. The results underscore the need for targeted public health interventions and international cooperation to mitigate the burden of these diseases. Policymakers can use these findings to implement cost-effective interventions and improve health outcomes, particularly in regions with high or increasing burdens.