bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Critical Examination of Toni Morrison’s Sula from Psychological Perspective
Authors: Mahato Om Narayan
Published: October 2024

The article investigates the connection between sexuality, repression, and power. This study explores how power influences sexuality, forming specific discourses, while also examining how sexuality produces power. The scholar applies Foucauldian discourse in interpreting Toni Morrison's novel Sula in order to examine sexuality and repression. It also explores the impact of power and sexuality within the Bottom community and the behaviors of the characters. In this book, there are characters that battle for the cause of justice. The novel has a repressive theme illustrating the conflicts of its characters. The woman utilizes sexual behavior to assert power and challenge male dominance. The way the characters engage in sexual activities reflects the society they are a part of. It provides insight into the African American community's struggle against racism and sexism. In this manner, power influences everything just as it shapes the novel. The research paper has been written based on both primary and secondary materials from both electronic and print sources. The writing is analytical and critical in terms of theme discussion and theory application. Since the research has been based on the qualitative research design, the dialogues among the characters of the novel have been the basis of analysis.
लालचुडी उपन्यासमा पुरुषवादी वैचारिकता
Authors: केवरत Kebarat चतुर्भुजलाल दास Chaturbhujlal Das
Published: October 2024

प्रस्तुत लेख कृष्ण अविरलको लालचुडी (२०७४) उपन्यासमा पुरुषवादी वैचारिकता शीर्षकमा केन्द्रित रहेको छ । पुरुषवादी वैचारिकताको अर्थ सामाजिक सांस्कृतिक संरचनामा पुरुषको विचारको हावी हुनु हो, जुन पितृसत्तासँग सम्बन्धित रहेको छ । सांस्कृतिक विमर्शात्मक संरचनामा पुरुषको हालीमुहाली हुनुका साथसाथै निर्णय प्रक्रियासमेतमा पुरुषकै वर्चस्व कायम हुनु नै पुरुषवादी मानसिकताको परिचायक हो । पुरुषवादी मानसिकताले पितृसत्तात्मक विचारलाई इङ्गित गर्दछ । यसमा पुरुषको वर्चस्व र सर्वोपरिता हुन्छ भने महिलाको अधीनस्थता र गौणता हुन्छ । यसलाई प्रस्ट्याउनका निम्ति पितृसत्ताबारे केलाउनु उपयुक्त हुन्छ । पितृसत्ता घरपरिवारदेखि सामाजिक, आर्थिक, सांस्कृतिक र राजनीतिक क्षेत्रमा पुरुष सर्वोच्चतामा आधारित अवधारणा हो । पितृसत्तात्मक समाजमा निर्णायक भूमिकामा रहने पुरुषहरूले लैङ्गिकताका आधारमा महिलाहरूप्रति असमान व्यवहार, लैङ्गिक उत्पीडन र हिंसा गर्नुका साथै प्रभुत्वशाली उपस्थिति समेतलाई जनाउँदछ । पितृसत्तालाई जैविक लिङ्गले भन्दा पनि सामाजिक लिङ्गले प्रभाव पार्दछ । पितृसत्ताले परिवारमा ज्येष्ठ पुरुष सदस्यलाई ‘नाइके’ मान्दछ र बाँकी अरू पुरुष तथा महिला सदस्यहरू त्यसको मातहतमा आज्ञापालक सदस्यका रूपमा काम गर्छन्। त्यतिमात्र नभएर यस्तो अवधारणा परिवारका पुलिङ्गी सदस्यलाई शक्तिशाली र पथ प्रदर्शक मानेको हुन्छ भने सोही आधारमा पुरुष सदस्यले परिवारका अरू सदस्यहरू विशेष गरी महिलाहरू माथि प्रभुत्वशाली तथा दमनकारी व्यवहार गर्छन् । पितृसत्ता हावी भएको सांस्कृतिक संरचनामा परिवारको अगुवा पुलिङ्गी सदस्यले अधीनस्थ स्त्रीलिङ्गी सदस्यहरू माथि शासन, शोषण, दमन र हिंसा गर्दछ । पितृसत्तात्मक सामाजिक संरचनामा शक्तिसम्बन्धका हिसाबले परिवारमा पुरुष सदस्यहरू अपेक्षाकृत महिला सदस्यहरूभन्दा बढी क्रियाशील र शक्तिशाली हुन्छन् । यस्तो सामाजिक संरचनामा पुरुषको अधिक प्रतिनिधित्व गराइएको हुन्छ भने महिलाको न्यून प्रतिनिधित्व गराइएको हुन्छ ।
Two Lab Activities Demonstrating Some Physics of High Altitude Balloon Launches
Authors: Takemae Seiji , McIntosh Gordon
Published: October 2024

We present two lab activities that involve similar physics to that of high altitude balloon flights. One lab involves a descending helium-filled balloon and the other involves a descending parachute. In both of these activities, the descending object is subject to a sum of forces in the vertical direction. Forces involved include the velocity-dependent drag force, which varies with time and thereby makes theoretical predictions of both our lab activities nontrivial. The aim of both lab activities is to measure and model the time of descent for the falling body.
Zlouporaba glasa kod studenata logopedije
Authors: Šimunović Lorena , Pavičić Dokoza Katarina , Kolundžić Zdravko
Published: October 2024

Vokalni profesionalci su osobe koje koriste svoj glas i govor kao primarni alat u obavljanju posla. Pojavnost poremećaja glasa ugrožava njihovu profesionalnu, emocionalnu i socijalnu sastavnicu života, odnosno utječe na smanjenje kvalitete života i profesionalnih uspjeha. Studenti koji se školuju za zanimanja vokalnih profesionalaca, posebice su zanimljiva skupina s obzirom na pojavnost negativnih vokalnih ponašanja tijekom studiranja koja mogu utjecati na njihovu učinkovitost i na početku profesionalne karijere. Logopedi su profesija koja pripada vokalnim profesionalcima druge kategorije, tj. profesija koja se bavi preventivnim i kurativnim aktivnostima usmjerenim uklanjanju poremećaja glasa. U tom kontekstu je shvatljiva pretpostavka da bi oni trebali posvećivati posebnu pozornost svom glasu i aktivnostima koje smanjuju rizik od pojavnosti poremećaja. Cilj ovog rada bio je istražiti, analizirati i protumačiti pojavnosti zlouporabe glasa kod studenata logopedije, odnosno nepravilno i neučinkovito korištenje glasa, koje s vremenom može dovesti do značajnih poteškoća koje mogu rezultirati ograničenjima u profesionalnom radu. Studenti su ispitani upitnikom, posebno kreiranim za potrebe ovog istraživanja. Uzorak ispitanika su studenti preddiplomskog i diplomskog studija logopedije. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju kako studenti - bez obzira na trenutnu godinu studija - često zlouporabljuju svoj glas i ne primjenjuju tehnike vokalne higijene, unatoč edukaciji koju imaju u formalnom obrazovanju. Rezultati istraživanja upućuju na potrebu dodatne vokalne edukacije budućih vokalnih profesionalaca.
PROBING THE THEORY OF SUBJECTIVE DEVELOPMENT IN MULLA SADRA'S EPISTEMOLOGY
Authors: Kharabi Abbas
Published: October 2024

Mullā Ṣadrā’s approach to the reality of knowledge to a large extent slopes down to a kind of subjectivism. He viewed the process of obtaining knowledge as an extension of the human soul from existential potential to actuality and from existential deficiency to perfection. Considering his understanding of realism, a question of consonance with his subjectivist inclination requires inquiry. The author applies an interdisciplinary approach in a close examination of Ṣadrā’s epistemology that reveals a kind of subjectivism contained in his epistemic exposition, especially in his emphasis on the existential perfection of the human soul. The effort helps us reconsider the foundations of his pioneering work on transcendent theosophy.
The relationship between general and special grounds for invalidating debtor transactions in rehabilitation and bankruptcy
Authors: Kopzhassarova S.I. , Juchnevicius E.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis considering the relationship between general and special grounds for invalidating transactions within the framework of rehabilitation and bankruptcy procedures, as well as a comparative review of the legislation of other countries. The methodological basis of the research is made up of general and specific methods, such as formal logical, scientific analysis and synthesis, comparative legal, historical and legal. As a result of the study, the emergence and development of competitive and non-competitive challenging of the debtor's transaction as the Institute of Actio Pauliana-Paulian claim, which developed in Ancient Rome, was examined. The features of recognizing a debtor's transaction as invalid on general and special grounds in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, Germany, France are considered, and an analysis of the norms of regulatory acts of the Republic of Kazakhstan is carried out. In addition, the advantages of challenging on special grounds were analyzed, emphasizing the differences in the subject of challenging a transaction in declaring a transaction invalid on general and special grounds. In conclusion, the importance of maintaining a balance between general and special grounds is substantiated, and conclusions are drawn that in order to form a unified judicial practice in domestic legislation, it is necessary to clarify the mechanisms for applying in practice the general and special grounds for recognizing a debtor’s transaction as invalid.
The legal essence of tender under the legislation of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Authors: Zhagalov R.B. , Akimzhanova M.T.
Published: October 2024

In modern conditions, tenders are a key source of income for government organizations and the business community, as it contributes to the effective organization of the procurement process and ensures transparen-cy and competitiveness in choosing a supplier. The authors of the article analyzed the key legislative acts regulating tenders, including the Law «On Public Procurement « in order to define the legal essence of the concept of «tender». As the analysis of industry legislation has shown, the concepts of «tender» and «contest» in most cases are identified and used as synonyms in the works of domestic and Russian scientists. The article also includes a comparative analysis with international practice, as well as a comparative analysis of the con-cept of the term «tender» in the current legislative acts of the United States of America, the People's Republic of China and Turkmenistan. This allowed the authors to identify potential areas for reforming the Kazakh tender system by including the relevant concept of «tender» in the current legislation. Within the framework of the article, the main legal aspects of tender procedures were considered, which represent an opportunity through free and open contest to conclude a mutually beneficial contract for contractors, as well as types of tenders, their significance and features in the field of public procurement. The methodological basis of the re-search consists of general and special methods, such as formal logical, scientific analysis and synthesis, his-torical and legal and comparative legal methods. The results obtained from the research allowed the authors to formulate proposals and recommendations for improving the legislative framework to ensure the effective-ness and fairness of tender processes.
Propaganda of legal knowledge about Kazakhstan citizenship
Authors: Turlayev A.V. , Balgimbekova G.U.
Published: October 2024

In the article problematic issues surrounding the promotion of legal knowledge regarding Kazakhstan citizenship were considered, recognizing citizenship as a fundamental legal institution shaping modern Kazakhstan society's statehood. The research conducts a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of the theory and practice of disseminating legal knowledge about citizenship, aiming to identify solutions to normative consolidation challenges. Through a combination of general scientific and specialized legal methods, including analysis and theoretical generalization, as well as an examination of legal norms on citizenship, the study identifies the main trends in improving legal knowledge about citizenship. The main research outcome underscores the necessity to enhance legal measures aimed at expanding the use of forms and methods for disseminating legal knowledge about Kazakhstan citizenship. As a result, the article proposes supplementing citizenship legislation with norms mandating government bodies to provide information and advice on citizenship issues. It suggests widening public awareness about the importance of citizenship as a legal institution and supplementing political and legal acts with provisions to increase Kazakhstani society's awareness of citizenship.
Comparative legal analysis of the Ombudsman institution of Kazakhstan and Turkey for compliance with international documents
Authors: Ashirbekova A.B. , Anayurt O.
Published: October 2024

The purpose of the article is to comparatively reveal the structure and activity of the ombudsman institute in Kazakhstan and Turkey and evaluate it in terms of international standards. In this context, the compliance of the ombudsman institutions of the two countries with the international documents, which regulate the status of national human rights institutions, was studied. The normative basis of their duties and powers, and international standards, will be examined, and if there are any shortcomings, they will be identified and recommendations will be made on what to do to improve them. In order to protect human rights and freedoms, the importance of the ombudsman institution in the society and its place in the state legal system was analyzed. Additionally, the status of the ombudsman institution, the order of creation and appointment to the position was studied. The requirements and duties of the ombudsmen of the two countries were shown. It was also determined that the norms of the internal legislation of the two states regarding the institution of ombudsman correspond to the principles of Paris and Vienna. In this context, proposals were made to improve internal legislation. To conduct scientific research work, the national laws were studied such as “On the Commissioner for Human Rights of the Republic of Kazakhstan” dated November 5, 2022 and the Law “On the Ombudsman Institute” of Turkey dated June 29, 2012. Result of the research work, some inconsistencies were obtained with international standards in the laws governing the activities of the ombudsman institution.
Investigation of nutrition literacy and quality of life in adults
Authors: Er Döngel Hilal , Özdoğan Yahya
Published: October 2024

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between nutrition literacy (NL) score and quality of life (QoL) score for adults aged 19-64. The study included 430 adults. Data were collected through a questionnaire, the Evaluation Instrument of Nutrition Literacy on Adults (EINLA), and the European Health Impact Scale (EUROHIS). Sociodemographic data, anthropometric measurements, and biochemical parameters of adults were collected. The data were interpreted by T-test, One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), Chi-squared Test, and Pearson correlation analysis through the SPSS 21.0 IBM package program. 59.8% of participants had sufficient NL. Participants with enough EINLA scores had significantly lower body weight, body fat mass, fasting blood glucose, and triglyceride. The mean EUROHIS scores of participants with bachelor/postgraduate degrees were considerably higher than those with primary school graduates. A negative correlation was found between the age and BMI of the participants and their NL scores. It has been shown that there is a very weak positive correlation between the NL score and the QoL level of adults. As the NL level of adults increases, the QoL is expected to improve. According to the findings obtained from the research, it is necessary to increase the community's level of NL.
Impact and interventions of waterborne and foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial pathogens in Nigeria: A review
Authors: Okafor Chdinma Adanna
Published: October 2024

Waterborne and foodborne illnesses caused by bacterial pathogens are major public health concerns, especially in developing countries like Nigeria—waterborne pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. and Klebsiella spp. Contribute to the spread of health challenges, primarily due to poor sanitation, contaminated drinking water, and inadequate hygiene. Similarly, foodborne pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp., are major causes of human illness, with animal-based foods often acting as transmission vectors. This review examines the current state of diagnosis, highlighting that most household water sources in Nigeria are vulnerable to contamination, with significant microbial loads exceeding WHO standards. It raises the need for effective interventions such as improved hygiene practices, water supply, sanitation and food safety management systems. Furthermore, this review discusses the impact of these pathogens on public health, noting that waterborne and foodborne diseases result in substantial mortality and economic burdens. Also, implementing good hygienic practices, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) systems, and public health education are essential strategies for reducing the incidence of these diseases. This review concludes by calling for a collaborative effort among governments, policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers to develop and implement multifaceted interventions to combat these pervasive health threats.
Decursin Inhibits Expression and Nuclear Localization of DNMT and HDAC, and Suppresses the Growth and Survival of Prostate Cancer Cells
Authors: Dwivedi Lalita , Jaiswal Aishwarya , Punia Reenu , Suresh Kumar R. , Yim Dongsool , Rajamani Paulraj , Singh Rana P.
Published: October 2024

Background: DNA methyltransferases (DNMT) and histone deacetylases (HDAC) inhibitors have utility in cancer therapeutics. However, they are associated with toxicity, which limits their efficacy against carcinomas. Previously, we reported that decursin has anticancer activity against prostate cancer (PCa). In this study, we investigated its epigenetic role in inhibiting the survival of PCa cells.
Methods and Results: PCa cell viability was evaluated using MTT and trypan blue assays. The effect of decursin on global methylation and gene-specific methylation was assessed by dot blot assay and MS-PCR, respectively. Differential expression of DNMTs and HDACs was analyzed through semi-quantitative RT-PCR and western blotting. The activity of these enzymes was measured using commercial kits. The nuclear localization of DNMTs and HDAC3 was assessed via immunoblotting.
Results: Decursin decreased cell viability and global methylation in PCa cells. It diminished the expression of DNMT1, DNMT3A, DNMT3B, and pan-DNMT activities. Decursin also reduced nuclear levels and increased cytosolic levels of DNMT1 and DNMT3A. Additionally, it inhibited the expression and activity of HDACs, leading to increased total acetylation and H3K9/14 acetylation of histone H3. A reduction in nuclear localization of HDAC3 was observed in decursin-treated PCa cells. Overall, decursin reduced DNMT and HDAC expression and enhanced the nuclear export of DNMT1, DNMT3A, and HDAC3, leading to decreased activities of these enzymes.
Conclusion: This study demonstrates the potent anticancer effects of decursin in prostate cancer cells through modulation of epigenetic mechanisms. Decursin decreased both overall and nuclear levels of DNMTs and HDACs. This effect is likely due to decursin’s inhibitory action on these enzymes, as indicated by decreased global methylation and increased histone H3 acetylation. These findings suggest that decursin has multi-faceted epigenetic modulatory properties, making it a promising therapeutic agent for prostate cancer prevention.
Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC): An Effective, Less Invasive Preoperative Diagnostic Technique for Breast Lesions
Authors: Ogenyi Samuel Ifedioranma , Okani Chukwudi Onyeaghana , Unachukwu Ifechukwu Chisomeje , Onu June Amara , Ike Amalachukwu Okwukwe , Nyenke Clement Ugochukwu
Published: October 2024

Background /Introduction: With the increasing incidence of breast cancer, the need for minimally invasive, prompt, cost effective and definitive preoperative assessment of breast lesions using fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) may be explored, especially in a developing country. The study was out to classify a broad spectrum of breast lesions diagnosed using FNAC, to determine the prevalence and highlight the efficacy of FNAC in breast lesion diagnosis.
Materials and Methods: One hundred and thirty one (131) patients who presented to the Histopathology department of Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Teaching Hospital, Awka, from 2014 to December 2019 were utilized for this study. Patients’ data and investigation reports were retrieved from the hospital records and laboratory report register. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the ethics committee of COOUTH, Awka (Ref number: COOUTH/CMAC/ETH.C/VOL 1/FN: 04/0063).
Results: The study revealed that seven males (5.4%) and 124 (94.7%) females, with a mean age of 45years presented within the time frame. Benign and malignant lesions accounted for 41.2% (54) and 38.9% (51) respectively, of the total population while inflammatory lesions, ductal carcinoma, Lymphadenitis, chronic abscess and fibro-adenoma accounted for 16.72% (22). Four cases (3.1%) fell into the category of insufficient cells for cytological analysis (C1). Seventy four patients (56.5%) presented with right breast lumps, 48(36.6%) left breast, while 9 (6.9%) presented with lumps on both breasts. Patient with age range of 51-60 years had most frequent malignant cases. Besides, varying clinical presentation of the lumps was observed.
Conclusions and Recommendations: Definite diagnosis of malignant breast lesions using FNAC could suggest efficacy, reliability and acceptability of the technique for definitive and early breast lesions diagnosis. Therefore, to enhance early and definitive diagnosis of breast lesions, which is a key factor in management and event free survival rate, FNAC; a less invasive, patients’ acceptable diagnosis technique is advocated.
Advancing Cancer Care Infrastructure in Cambodia: Summary of the First 100 Patients with Cervical Cancer Treated at the National Cancer Centre
Authors: Gardner Jacob , Eav Sokha , Rath Beauta , Bunpa Poly , Mel Mora , Ath Vannyat , Thou Sarameth , Lim Oussa , Berchuck Andrew , Sherertz Tracy
Published: October 2024

Background: Cervical cancer is Cambodia’s leading cause of female malignancy in both incidence and mortality. Cambodia’s first dedicated multidisciplinary cancer center, the National Cancer Centre (NCC), opened in January 2018 in Phnom Penh, and serves as the main public referral center for the region.
Methods: This cross-sectional study retrospectively reviewed the care experience of the first 100 patients with cervical cancer treated at the NCC to collect demographic, diagnostic, and treatment characteristics.
Results: The most common FIGO Stage was IIB (T2bN0M0) (n = 17). Squamous cell carcinoma represented 85% of cases. Definitive-intent therapy was recommended for 65 patients; neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) & tandem and ovoid (T&O) brachytherapy +/- concurrent cisplatin was the most common treatment regimen (n=23). Thirty-five patients presented with recurrent (n=22) or metastatic (n=13) disease and were treated with salvage/palliative intent; neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by EBRT +/- concurrent cisplatin was the most common treatment regimen (n=10). Of the patients treated with definitive-intent treatment, 92% were prescribed an EBRT dose of 45 Gy in 25 fractions, and the median prescribed T&O brachytherapy dose was 28 Gy in 4 fractions. Mean cumulative EQD2 HR-CTV D90 dose was 91.8 Gy, or ~69-70 Gy to Point A, depending on planning technique. Follow-up data was limited to 27 patients; of the 14 patients whose follow-up period exceeded 1 year, 13 (93%) were alive and disease-free at their last assessment.
Conclusion: With multidisciplinary partnership, the NCC has demonstrated that high quality complex cancer care can be delivered in a resource-constrained setting. This early sample of patients treated for cervical cancer is an initial step towards a better understanding of Cambodia’s patient population and an early snapshot of their cancer care delivery capacity.
Happiness and Impacts of Various Factors on the Happiness of Physicians Working in a Cancer Institute, North East India
Authors: Bhagabaty Srabana Misra , Sinha Surasmita , Krishnatreya Manigreeva , Hazarika Bhabani , Baruah Darshana , Sharma Goswami Dimpi
Published: October 2024

Objective: To identify how happy are the physicians working in an Oncology setup and how different factors influence the happiness levels of these doctors working in this challenging setup.
Materials and methods: This is an observational study designed to be carried out at a Tertiary Cancer Care Centre. The survey was conducted from 1st July to August 30th, 2023. Self-administered Oxford Happiness Questionnaire was used, which is a closed-ended questionnaire. Those who were not willing to participate and whose work/ course duration was less than 6 months were not included in the study. Stephen Wright scoring was used. A score between 1-2 was interpreted as not happy, 2-3 meant somewhat unhappy, 3-4 was for not particularly happy, 4 represented somewhat happy, 4-5 was interpreted as rather happy or pretty happy, a score between 5-6 means very happy, 6 meant too happy.
Results: Out of 93 study subjects, 54 were men (58%) and 39 (42%) were women. Of 93 doctors, 68 (73.1%) were happy. Of 68 doctors, a somewhat happy category was 31 (33.3%) doctors, followed by 29 (31.2%) being pretty happy, and 8(8.6%) doctors who were very happy. Twenty-five (26.9%) doctors were unhappy.
Conclusion: The majority of doctors working in an oncology set-up were happy with no difference in gender. However, men were more likely to be very happy compared to women.
Effect of Different Dose Rates on Dosimetric Parameters and Accuracy of the Pretreatment Quality Assurance During Intensity-modulated Radiotherapy Planning Using Anthropomorphic Phantom
Authors: Goswami Bimugdha , Singh Moirangthem Nara , Goswami Shachindra , Kalita Apurba Kumar
Published: October 2024

Background: This study investigates the impact of varying dose rates on dosimetric parameters and pretreatment quality assurance (QA) accuracy in intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) planning using anthropomorphic phantoms. The research explores the dosimetric effects of different dose rates ranging from 100 to 600 monitor units per minute (MU/min) on parameters such as Homogeneity Index (HI), Conformity Index (CI), and dose to organs at risk (OAR).
Method: Anthropomorphic phantoms, mimicking human tissues, were employed for simulation. Treatment plans were generated using the Eclipse Treatment Planning System, and dosimetric evaluations were conducted using cumulative dose-volume histograms (DVH). Furthermore, pretreatment patient-specific QA was performed using EPID portal dosimetry and Delta4 dosimetry system.
Result: Treatment plans adhere to institutional protocol, ensuring the target receives ≥95% of the prescription dose while meeting OAR constraints. All plans maintain target homogeneity and conformality, keeping maximum doses within the target below 107%. Low dose plans exhibit superior target coverage, conformality, and homogeneity compared to higher doses. However, increased dose rates elevate delivered Monitor Units and maximum doses to critical structures. Gamma passing rates vary with dose rates, with the lowest at 100 MU/min and the highest at 400 MU/min for 1% 1mm criteria. Dosimetric evaluations using Delta 4 and EPID QA methods confirm plan validity across different dose rates.
Conclusion: Low dose rate dosimetry is superior to higher rates for target and organ-at-risk (OAR) delivery, albeit prolonging delivery time and affecting internal organ motion. Portal dosimetry offers a faster, more convenient tool for IMRT pretreatment quality assurance (QA). Optimal results are achieved at 400 MU/min, enhancing gamma agreement between calculated and measured portal doses for complex fields. This improvement in QA enhances IMRT treatment delivery quality. However, patient-specific QA using the DELTA4 dosimetry system and ICRU 83 recommendations are insufficient for discussing dosimetric differences relevant to patient treatment.
Knowledge, Beliefs and Vaccination Status of Nursing Students about Human Papilloma Virus
Authors: Usca Yildiz , Serap Kocak Hatice
Published: October 2024

Objective: Human papilloma virus (HPV-Human Papilloma Virus) is a small, non-enveloped double-stranded DNA virus from the Papilo mavirada family. This study was conducted to determine the effect of HPV on the knowledge, beliefs and vaccination status of first and fourth year nursing students.
Method: Data were collected by personal information form, health belief model scale about human papillomavirus infection and vaccination, and human papillomavirus knowledge scale.
Results: The mean perceived benefit score of the students participating in the study was 2.4±0.7 in the first grade and 3.1±0.7 in the fourth grade. The mean perceived sensitivity score was 2.3 ± 0.6 in the first grade and 2.8±0.7 in the fourth grade. The mean perceived severity score was 2.5±0.6 in the first grade and 2.8±0.7 in the fourth grade. The mean perceived barrier score was equal and 2.1±0.4 in all groups. The HPV knowledge scale scores of the students participating in the study consisted of 4 sub-dimensions. The mean score of the general HPV knowledge scale was 4.79±5.6 in the first grade and 16.71±7.9 in the fourth grade. The mean score of HPV screening tests was 3.3±3.7 in the first grade and 9.9±4.0 in the fourth grade. The mean HPV screening test score was 0.4±0.8 in the first grade and 2±1.7 in the fourth grade. The mean score for general HPV vaccination knowledge was 0.7±1.3 in the first grade and 2.8±1.7 in the fourth grade. The mean score for knowledge of HPV vaccination programs was 0.2±0.6 in the first grade and 1.8±1.7 in the fourth grade.
Conclusion: In the fight against cervical cancers, which is an important public health problem, the level of HPV knowledge should be high in order for the nursing profession to fulfil all of its education, counselling, guidance, protection and immunisation functions.
Effects of Betanin Isolate Administration on the Lung Histopathological Image of Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed to 40 ppm Formaldehyde
Authors: Wedayani Anak Agung Ayu Niti , Punagi Abdul Qadar , Kristin Erna , Restuningdyah Novia Andansari Putri , Yusuf Ricky Setiadi , Abdiman I Made Tobias , Fauzan Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This research investigates the effects of betanin isolate derived from beetroot on the lung histopathological image of Wistar rats exposed to 40 ppm formaldehyde, which is a known carcinogen. This research aims to evaluate the potential of betanin isolate to prevent lung cancer caused by formaldehyde exposure.
Patients and methods: This research uses Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) as sample, which are divided into six groups, control group, positive control group, negative control group, and three treatment groups with different doses of betanin isolate. The research adopts a true experiment with post-test only design. The rats were exposed to 40 ppm formaldehyde for 12 weeks, except for the control group. The lung histopathological image of the rats was examined and graded for dysplasia. The data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test to compare the degree of dysplasia among different groups.
Results: The control group is significantly different from all other groups, except treatment group 3. The negative control and control group has significant difference, which means the treatment of formaldehyde in this research is successful in inducing dysplasia. There is also seen a significant difference between treatment group 1 and treatment group 3 which indicates that the protective effect of betanin is dose dependent. There are some tissues with no dysplasia in treatment group 3 that shows the protective effect of betanin in higher dose.
Conclusion: This research shows that betanin isolate has a dose-dependent protective effect, with higher dose being more effective. However, the highest dose tested is not enough to prevent dysplasia completely.
Enhancing Nutritional Care in Cancer: Development and Face Validation of the Chemotherapy Dietary Adherence Scale
Authors: Prakash G Hari , Kumar D Sunil , PK Kiran , Arun Vanishri , Yadav Deepika , M Shwethasree
Published: October 2024

Background: Dietary adherence during chemotherapy is crucial for managing side effects and maintaining nutritional status. However, there is a lack of validated tools to measure dietary adherence in this context. The aim of this study was to develop and validate the Chemotherapy Dietary Adherence Scale (CDAS) for assessing dietary adherence among cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over 2 months. The CDAS was developed through a literature review and expert consultation. Face and content validation were performed with 25 experts in oncology, dietetics, and community medicine. The Content Validity Index (CVI) was calculated at both the item (I-CVI) and scale (S-CVI) levels.
Results: The expert panel comprised diverse professionals (40% public health experts, 20% medical oncologists, and 20% dietitians). Face validation showed 85% agreement on grammar, clarity, and content. The I-CVI was 0.81, and the S-CVI was 0.83, indicating strong content validity.
Conclusion: The CDAS demonstrated robust content validity and relevance for assessing dietary adherence in cancer chemotherapy patients. Further research is needed to evaluate its psychometric properties and clinical utility.
Back Pain as Presenting Main Symptom in Incidental Finding of Lung Nodule EGFR Mutation: A Case Report
Authors: Haryati Haryati , Oktaviyanti Ika Kustiyah , Iqbal Muhammad
Published: October 2024

Lung cancer can spread to the bones, and when it affects the spine, it can be initially misdiagnosed as a common musculoskeletal cause of back pain. We present the case of a formerly healthy 59-year-old male smoker with no pulmonary symptoms who presented with a two-month history of back pain before developing spinal cord compression syndrome. It was later discovered that he suffered from vertebra metastasis T7 level with stenosis canalis spinal due to metastasis adenocarcinoma solitary pulmonary nodule. The patient also presented a positive epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation. Laminectomy and posterior stabilization with tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy are performed on the patient. It underscores the significance of conducting lung cancer screenings and the criticality of vigilantly observing for warning signs of back pain, such as progressive worsening back pain symptoms despite treatment.
Pattern of Colorectal Cancer in Karbala Province of Iraq: Data from Developing Country
Authors: Mjali Ahmed , Hamzah Sabah Kareem , Darwish Lamya A A , Al-Rubai Ali Tahseen Ali
Published: October 2024

Background: Globally, there are differences in the prevalence of colorectal cancer (CRC) depending on environmental and demographic factors.
Objective: Our study’s objective was to analyze the CRC pattern in the Iraqi province of Karbala, comparing and identifying probable variations with another people.
Methods: In Iraq, at the Al-Hussein Cancer Center in Karbala, retrospective descriptive research was conducted on 524 patients who diagnosed with CRC from January 2012 to December 2020.
Results: The incidence rate of CRC increased from 3.83 per 100,000 in 2012 to 5.69 per 100,000 in 2020. Among our patients, median age was 55 years. The proportion of males was (54.96%) while the proportion of females was (45.04%) with a M:F ratio of (1.22:1). The most affected anatomical site was colon in (64.89%) and adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histopathology in (67.18%). Unfortunately, more than 46% of cases presented as stage III & IV.
Conclusion: This statistical analysis of CRC could be a fundamental knowledge source to analyze epidemiological pattern, to assess development in the last few years and to improve treatment plans.
Cancer Literacy in Women: A Kap Exploration of Breast and Gynecological Cancers Accompanied by Cross-Sectional Based Online Survey in Tirupathi District
Authors: Nanda Kumar Kopparapu Venkata , Gari Bindhu Devarajappa , Likhitha Kasireddy , Charani Mekala Siva , Deepthi Priya Nemali , Gowthami Yaraganti
Published: October 2024

Background: Cancer is an illness caused by uncontrolled growth of cancer cells. Breast, cervical, ovarian, uterine cancers are among the most prevalent types of cancers in women. According to the 2020 report from the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) under the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR), the risk of breast and other gynaecological cancers affects 1in 6 women. Acquiring knowledge about these cancers and adopting preventive measures or early detection methods can potentially save lives by treating them at an early stage when they are still localized and more manageable.
Objective: To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practices concerning Breast and Gynaecological Cancers among women in Tirupati. Methods: A cross-sectional study is carried out among 600 women in Tirupati through an online survey. The study is aimed to gather information on their knowledge, attitude and practices regarding breast and gynaecological cancers. A pre-validated questionnaire was utilized to collect the necessary data.
Results: In this study, a group of 600 women was included, spanning from 15 to 45 years of age. The majority of these participants demonstrated proficient knowledge, held a strong positive attitude, and regrettably, exhibited deplorable practice. Notably, out of these women, 104 had receive the HPV vaccine for the prevention of cancer.
Conclusion: To improve women’s awareness and understanding, it is essential to introduce health education initiatives that aim to enhance their knowledge levels. The survey results indicate that the women surveyed demonstrated sufficient understanding and involvement in relation to breast and gynaecological cancers.
Plasma 8-Hydroxydeoxyguanosine, 4-Hydroxynonenal and Selenium in Hepatitis B Virus-Infected Adults in Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Orimadegun Bose Eta , Diekola Uswat Opeyemi , Akande Kolawole Oluseyi , Anetor John Ibhagbemien
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a significant global health challenge, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa, including Nigeria. Reactive oxidative species (ROS) generated during HBV replication contribute to redox imbalance, leading to oxidative stress. However, data on the levels of oxidative stress markers in Nigerians infected with HBV is scarce. This study aimed to investigate plasma levels of oxidative stress markers [8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)] and the trace element, selenium, in HBV-infected adults in Ibadan, Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: In a case-control study, 40 HBV-infected patients served as cases, and 40 HBV-uninfected patients served as controls. Anthropometric data were collected, and plasma 8-OHdG and 4-HNE were determined using the ELISA method. Selenium was determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Data were analysed using descriptive, t-test, and Pearson correlation statistics at p = 0.05.
Results: The mean ages of HBV-infected and uninfected individuals were 35.3±1.5 and 36.0±1.5 years, respectively. The level of 4-HNE was not significantly different between HBV-infected (2.2±1.7 ng/ml) and uninfected (1.8±1.3 ng/ml). There was also no significant difference in 8-OHdG levels between HBV-infected (4.1±2.4 ng/ml) and uninfected (3.6±1.8 ng/ml). However, in HBV-infected patients, 8-OHdG levels showed a significant positive correlation with 4-HNE (r =0.320, p =0.044). Selenium levels were also significantly higher in HBV-infected (78.4±25.4 ug/dl) than uninfected (35.6±11.4 ug/dl).
Conclusion: The levels of markers of lipid peroxidation and DNA oxidation were similar in HBV-infected and uninfected participants, but selenium, the key component of the potent antioxidant glutathione peroxidase was more than double in the infected group. It is plausible that the protective effect of Se may have spared the other markers of oxidative damage. Further studies are needed to elucidate these preliminary findings.
Seismic activity on the territory of Slovakia in 2022
Authors: KYSEL Róbert , CIPCIAR Andrej , ŠUGÁR Martin , CSICSAY Kristián , FOJTÍKOVÁ Lucia , KRISTEK Jozef
Published: October 2024

The National Network of Seismic Stations of Slovakia (NNSS) consists of eight short period and six broadband permanent seismic stations and a data centre located at the Earth Science Institute of the Slovak Academy of Sciences (ESI SAS). The NNSS recorded and detected 11996 seismic events from all epicentral distances in 2022. Totally 76 earthquakes originated in the territory of Slovakia in 2022. This paper provides basic information on the configuration of the NNSS, routine data processing, seismic activity on the territory of Slovakia in 2022 as well as macroseismic observations collected in 2022.
Intensive Listening and Cutting-Edge Strategies Unlock Language Mastery
Authors: SARBUNAN THOBIAS
Published: October 2024

The primary objective of this research study is to examine the implications of intensive listening techniques on language acquisition and comprehension skills. The Research examines different methods, resources, and technology applications supporting successful language acquisition. The theoretical framework includes Krashen's Input Hypothesis and the Comprehensible Output Hypothesis, emphasising the crucial importance of authentic language input. Various platforms, such as podcasts, YouTube, and ELA resources, are crucial for establishing captivating and immersive language environments. There is a strong emphasis on the responsible integration of AI and technology in education, focusing on ensuring fairness and transparency. Implementing metacognitive strategies, problem-solving techniques, and learner autonomy are fundamental to successful intensive listening practices. Additionally, the study recognises the impact of native languages on language acquisition and considers educators' diverse responsibilities in promoting oral proficiency. The Research has identified several promising areas for further investigation, including neurocognitive correlates, intercultural communication, motivation, and technology integration. The study provides practical insights that can assist educators, curriculum developers, and language learning programs in creating engaging and genuine listening activities that promote linguistic proficiency and effective communication.
How the Buzz Group Technique Affects Students' Speaking Skill
Authors: Vera Veranika Dewi Panca Hotmarito Manalu , Hanifah  , Ernawati Nainggolan Elsa
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this research was to see how the buzz group technique affected students' speaking skills in hortatory exposition. The study's design was quasi-experimental, there are one group experimental and one group control class include pre-test, post-test and treatment. The population of this study was eleventh grade students, with 74 individuals drawn from two classrooms. In this study, the researcher used a speaking test as the instrument of this research. Data analysis found that buzz group technique has affected to the studentsÃ¢â‚¬â„¢ speaking skill. This was discovered by data calculated using the samples T-test procedure. The statistics clearly showed that Sig. 2 tailed was 0.000. The sig. 2 tailed 0.000 > 0.05 indicates that the Buzz Group Technique had an affected students' speaking skills in hortatory exposition material at SMA Negeri 4 Tanjungpinang. The researcher proposes that teachers utilize the buzz group technique to teach speaking since it has a considerable affected on students' speaking skills based on the data.
Students' Perception On Duolingo in Enhancing Vocabulary Mastery
Authors: Nisrina Nisrina
Published: October 2024

The advent of technology has ushered in a plethora of engaging and innovative online learning tools for English, one of the them is Duolingo app standing out as an accessible and effective platform for language acquisition, particularly in English. This study aims to elucidate and observe students' perspectives on utilizing Duolingo software for vocabulary mastery at IAIN Lhokseumawe. Employing qualitative analysis techniques, the research employed a combination of tests, questionnaires, and interviews to gather data. The non-probability sampling method was utilized, with 20 students from the fifth semester selected as the sample. The study revealed that a majority of students were motivated to enhance their English vocabulary through the Duolingo application. The app provided an easy-to-understand platform, sparking interest and enthusiasm among students for learning new words. Furthermore, Duolingo proved the fact in preventing boredom during learning sessions and fostering novel approaches to learning. The research findings suggest a positive and highly beneficial perception among students regarding the use of Duolingo for enhancing vocabulary while learning English.
Wordplay on Malangan T-shirt: A Linguistic Resource for Language Education
Authors: Efendy A. Gusti
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the linguistic features of wordplay found on Malangan T-shirts within the framework of language, culture, and pedagogy. By analyzing a corpus of Malangan T-shirt designs, the research identifies a variety of wordplay types, including malapropism, ambiguity, and jargon, offering rich opportunities for language exploration. The study contributes to the understanding of the relationship between language, culture, and visual communication, while also highlighting the potential of Malangan T-shirt wordplay as a valuable resource for enhancing language education and fostering cultural awareness.
Calibrated Engagement
Authors: Huard Stéphen
Published: October 2024

For decades, the heartland of Myanmar has been configured as a pacified space under military surveillance. A closer look reveals how politics is enacted at distance with the state. Calibrated Engagement weaves together ethnography and history to chronicle the transformation of rural politics in Anya, the dry lands of central Myanmar. The book presents situations as varied as local elections, inheritance transmissions, land conflicts and ceremonies, to show that politics is about how people calibrate the way they engage with each other.
List Hadriana o sprzedaży ryb w Eleusis IG II² 1103. Tekst, tłumaczenie, komentarz
Authors: Tadajczyk Konrad
Published: October 2024

W czasie swojego panowania cesarz Hadrian poświęcił wiele uwagi zaopatrzeniu w żywność miast państwa rzymskiego. Na podstawie inskrypcji IG II² 1103 autor omawia regulację cesarza dotyczącą handlu rybami w Atenach i ograniczenia roli pośredników w celu obniżenia cen.
Colleagues with rules. Censorship and the principles of holding office in Republican Rome
Authors: Tarwacka Anna
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the principles of holding office of censor. Even though it seems that such principles were respected, there were some deviations from the general rules due to the peculiarities of this magistracy. Particularly strong was the principle of collegiality, allowing colleagues in office to block each other and preventing them from acting alone against the will of the other censor.
Principles of the Law of Property According to William Blackstone
Authors: Korporowicz Łukasz
Published: October 2024

Zdaniem wielu historyków prawa, w osiemnastym stuleciu nie wydarzyło się nic spektakularnego w obszarze historii prawa angielskiego. W rzeczywistości jednak, ten pogląd umniejsza dążeń systematyzacyjne następujące w tej epoce. W artykule przyjmuje się, że w osiemnastym stuleciu możliwe jest dostrzeżenie poważnych oznak kształtowania się nowych przejrzystych doktryn praw oraz porządkowania tych, które istniały już wcześniej. Proces ten występował w odniesieniu do różnych gałęzi prawa. Jedną z najbardziej charakterystycznych i szczególnych gałęzi angielskiego common law było prawo własności ziemskiej. Pierwotne założenie artykułu zostało poddane analizie poprzez jego porównanie z naczelnymi motywami (nazywanymi ‘pryncypiami’) związanymi z prawem własności ziemskiej wynikającymi z wypowiedzi Williama Blackstone’a wygłoszonymi w trakcie wykładów poświęconych common law, a utrwalonych w jego Commentaries on the Laws of England.