bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Från skolans medborgarbildande möjlighet till samhällskunskapsämnets – en väg framåt?
Authors: Olson Maria
Published: December 2020

What is good citizenship, and how can schools help to promote and shape it? This text seeks to define a possible path for citizenship-oriented social studies education that is able to respond to this question in a satisfactory way. To that end, I pursue two different lines of inquiry. On the one hand, I proceed from an idea of citizenship drawn from established political theory with a focus on citizenship, specifically the work of Joel Westheimer and Joseph Kahne (2004). On the other, I undertake a far from complete, but nevertheless pertinent, review of research into the subject didactics of social studies – the what, how and why of teaching and learning the subject – in the light of the question of what invitations to citizenship can be traced in that research. Based on these two lines of inquiry, four subject-specific dimensions are distinguished that seem to be necessary points of reference for social studies as a school subject if the aim is to promote citizenship education: a social, a knowledge-related, a personal and an explicitly normative dimension.
Hipercorig – an innovative hydraulic coring system recovering over 60 m long sediment cores from deep perialpine lakes
Authors: Harms Ulrich , Raschke Ulli , Anselmetti Flavio S. , Strasser Michael , Wittig Volker , Wessels Martin , Schaller Sebastian , Fabbri Stefano C. , Niederreiter Richard , Schwalb Antje
Published: December 2020

Abstract. The record of past environmental conditions and changes archived in lacustrine sediments serves as an important element in paleoenvironmental and climate research. A main barrier in accessing these archives is the undisturbed recovery of long cores from deep lakes. In this study, we have developed and tested a new, environmentally friendly coring tool and modular barge, centered around a down-the-hole hydraulic hammering of an advanced piston coring system, called the Hipercorig. Test beds for the evaluation of the performance of the system were two periglacial lakes, Mondsee and Constance, located on the northern edge of the Alpine chain. These lakes are notoriously difficult to sample beyond ∼ 10 m sediment depths due to dense glacial deposits obstructing deeper coring. Both lakes resemble many global lake systems with hard and coarse layers at depth, so the gained experience using this novel technology can be applied to other lacustrine or even marine basins. These two experimental drilling projects resulted in up to 63 m coring depth and successful coring operations in up to 204 m water depth, providing high-quality, continuous cores with 87 % recovery. Initial core description and scanning of the 63 m long core from Mondsee and two 20 and 24 m long cores from Lake Constance provided novel insights beyond the onset of deglaciation of the northern Alpine foreland dating back to ∼ 18 400 cal BP.
Particulate macronutrient exports from tropical African
montane catchments point to the impoverishment of
agricultural soils
Authors: Stenfert Kroese Jaqueline , Quinton John N. , Jacobs Suzanne R. , Breuer Lutz , Rufino Mariana C.
Published: December 2020

Abstract. Catchments in the tropics often generate high concentrations of suspended sediments following the conversion of forests to agriculture. The eroded fine particles are generally enriched with carbon and nutrients originating from the topsoil. Sediment associated carbon and nutrients are an important loss to the terrestrial ecosystem and tightly connected to processes controlling riverine particulate carbon and nutrient export. Soil nutrient depletion can limit crop growth and yields, whereas an excess of nutrients in streams can cause eutrophication in freshwater systems. Streams in East Africa, with widespread land conversion are expected to receive high loads of sediment associated carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus. In this study, we build the knowledge base for particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus for contrasting land uses. Suspended sediments (time integrated, manual event based and automatic event based sediment samples) were analysed for total carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations collected at the outlet of a natural montane forest, a tea tree plantation and a smallholder agriculture catchment in western Kenya during two sampling campaigns in 2018 and 2019. Particulate carbon and nutrient concentrations were up to three fold higher (p
Las transformaciones postcrisis. Movilizaciones espasmódicas y 'gran evento'
Authors: Del Amo Ion Andoni , Letamendia Arkaitz
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo pretende ser una reflexión teórica sobre las rupturas y nuevas articulaciones de las formas de movilización política en el periodo postcrisis. Proponemos que en la década de 2010, catalizadas por las tecnologías digitales, cristalizan tres grandes rupturas: socioeconómicas, en las que la precarización de las condiciones laborales y vitales supone la reemergencia de una crítica social material; temporales, en las que la dinámica aceleradora del capitalismo tardío intensifica la primacía del corto plazo; y socioculturales, en las que la fragmentación se traduce en una sensación de inseguridad e incertidumbre. Todo ello deriva en una transformación en las formas de movilización, que tienden hacia una acción colectiva efímera, espasmódica. Esta puede dar pie al surgimiento del gran evento, donde lo primordial es juntar físicamente a personas y recuperar el sentido de comunidad.
IL-18 PROMOTER POLYMORPHISM AND IL-18 SERUM LEVELS IN ASSOCIATION WITH RELAPSING-REMITTING MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Authors:   Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, Grigorov Boncho , Trenova Anastasiya ,   Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria., Grigorova Antonia ,   Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria, Stanilova Spaska ,   Department of Molecular Biology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Medical Faculty Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
Published: December 2020

Purpose: Multiple sclerosis is the immune-mediated disorder whose etiology is not completely understood. The present study aimed to survey association between the promoter polymorphism IL18 -607C/A (rs1946518), the serum concentration of IL-18 and susceptibility to relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) in Bulgarian patients Material and Methods: This case-control study includes 159 RRMS patients with disease-modifying therapy (DMT) and 162 age-sex-matched healthy volunteers. All included subjects were genotyped by ARMS-PCR while serum levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results: Our results revealed significant differences in the serum levels of IL-18 according to the gender, the onset of disease and the type of disease-modifying therapy. The serum levels of IL-18 are significantly higher in RRMS men compared to RRMS women and the RRMS men with late-onset of the disease (above 30 years) also demonstrated significantly increased serum levels than the women with late-onset of disease and even with healthy men. The RRMS patients treated with interferon-beta showed significantly increased IL-18 serum level than those treated with glatiramer acetate. Conclusions: Our study shows that the promoter polymorphism IL18 -607C/A is not associated with susceptibility to RRMS in Bulgarian patients as well as the serum level of the cytokine. The observed differences in the serum level of IL-18 in RRMS patients according to gender and the response to therapy could be used as a biomarker to the course of the disease.
Evaluación del conocimiento y práctica de la limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico en personal asistencial de una institución prestadora de servicios de salud para pacientes oncológicos de Medellín, 2018
Authors: Vallejo Laura I. , Palacio Ana M. , Marulanda Verónica , Restrepo Andrea , Yepes Laura A. , Valencia Nelcy L. , Cruz Marco A.
Published: December 2020

La limitación del esfuerzo terapéutico (LET) es toda acción que implique suspender o no iniciar tratamientos o medidas terapéuticas en pacientes que no se beneficiarán clínicamente. En Latinoamérica, las investigaciones realizadas dejan en evidencia la falta de familiarización y discordancia que hay alrededor del tema y sus prácticas. El presente estudio buscó objetivizar el conocimiento en LET del personal de salud de una institución de Medellín, a partir de una encuesta autoaplicada que permitió el desarrollo de un estudio descriptivo de tipo transversal, con muestreo no probabilístico. Dentro de los resultados se encontró que el 56,5 % de los encuestados refirió conocer el concepto, y el 90 % manifestó aplicarlo. Sin embargo, había discordancias dentro de los conceptos clave de la definición y el ejercicio.
Approach to the Diagnosis of Hepatocutaneous Syndrome in Dogs: A Retrospective Study and Literature Review
Authors: DeMarle Karah Burns , Webster Cynthia R. L. , Penninck Dominique , Ferrer Lluis
Published: December 2020

Superficial necrolytic dermatitis (SND) is a rare and often fatal disease in dogs that has been associated with pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasia (SND/EN) and hepatocutaneous syndrome (SND/HCS). Although various combinations of diagnostics have been used to differentiate these two causes of SND, there are currently no data on which combination would enable the most timely and noninvasive way to diagnose HCS. Medical records were reviewed retrospectively (2004–2018) for dogs with SND/HCS (n = 24) and SND/EN (n = 1). These data were compared with cases found by review of the literature of dogs with SND/HCS (n = 105) and SND/EN (n = 13). The most consistent findings with SND were dermatological lesions affecting paw pads or mucocutaneous junctions (143/143, 100%) and marked plasma hypoaminoacidemia (58/58, 100%). On ultrasound, a honeycomb liver was seen in 62/63 (98%) dogs with SND/HCS but none with SND/EN. Six out of 23 (26%) dogs in the retrospective study with SND/HCS had marked keratinocyte apoptosis, a finding that was associated with diabetes mellitus. This study suggests that in dogs with characteristic skin lesions, an amino acid profile permits a noninvasive diagnosis of SND. An abdominal ultrasound can then assist in the differentiation of SND/HCS and SND/EN.
Co-integration and Causal Relationships: The Case of the Jordanian and Developed Stock Markets
Authors: Mugableh Mohamed Ibrahim
Published: December 2020

The main purpose of this study is to investigate co-integration and causal relationships among the Jordanian, the US, and the UK stock markets. The vector error correction model is applied using yearly stock market indices series for the period, 1978 – 2018. The results reveal the existence of co-integration and causal relationships among stock markets indices. These results indicate the scope for diversification profits, where the Jordanian investors secure higher levels of mean returns on the diversified portfolios. This study is important for individual investors and policy makers in macroeconomics and finance, as stock markets affect consumption, wealth, and capital flows. The contribution of this study to the present literature is threefold. Firstly, it adds to the empirical literature an up-to-date dataset and employs a dynamic and causal approach, vector error correction model, which establishes whether market long-run equilibrium (i.e., co-integration) is stable for stock markets of Jordan, the USA, and the UK. Secondly, it analyses the performance of the Amman stock exchange for the period 1978-2018. Finally, this paper has implications for international portfolio diversification. If stock markets are co-integrated, this implies that there is an opportunity of arbitrage activity. In other words, stock markets are moving together towards long-term, and there are limited possibilities of gaining abnormal returns by diversifying investment portfolios.
Stewart-Gough Platform: Design and Construction with a Digital PID Controller Implementation
Authors: Dario Mirelez-Delgado Flabio , Ronaldo Díaz-Paredes José , Abraham Gallardo-Carreón Miguel
Published: December 2020

This document presents the design of a digital PID control for a Stewart-Gough platform, delimited by six degrees of freedom (DoF) that allow the final effector to have displacement in the XYZ axes and rotation with warpage, pitch, and yaw restrictions. It includes the study and resolution of the direct and inverse kinematics of the platform, as well as the workspace described by the final effector and its corresponding simulation of movements and joints to study extreme points and possible singularities. From the definition of characteristics, the CAD design generated from the generalized mathematical model of the public domain, and the general selection of materials for the construction of the functional prototype, a study of applied forces is generated to observe the points with stress concentrators, the safety factor, and possible deformations. The estimation of the sampling period for the selection of the microcontroller and an approximate definition of the response time are also considered. The development of this prototype and its documentation are proposed as didactic material for the study, design, and control of parallel mechanisms.
Civil Rights in an Extended Republic
Authors: Seaver George A. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: December 2020

It is now apparent even to traditional civil rights advocates that the well-meaning effort to be inclusive has degenerated into identity politics and its violent offspring in universities, the judicial system, and public education. Reviewing these institutions, it is necessary to return to what civil rights were intended to be, to their inherent part of the original “extended republic” concept used by James Madison. Prior to the U.S. Constitution, republican forms of government were considered appropriate only for limited, homogeneous populations, or city-states. The extension to a large republic in terms of population and land area, to multitudinous factions, was Madison’s greatest contribution to the Constitution and the long-term “exceptionalism” of the U.S. republic. The widely-held belief that attention to minorities began in the 1960s with the “Civil Rights Revolution” is wrong as demonstrated by the extended republic’s dependence on them and its success. The multiplicity and competition of factions, sects, and interests, the greater the multiplicity the greater the security, was the reason for this success, and government interference was considered harmful to this end. To help us return to that concept is the purpose of this essay.
The rebellion in Donji Vasojevići at 1898
Authors: Dedović Vukašin
Published: December 2020

The Serb population in Donji Vasojevići was all the more frequently exposed to attacks by Muslims and Arbanasi from Bihor, Rožaj and Rugova who had always mowed their meadows, looted their livestock, took away the crops and all their movable property. The Arbanasi from Rugova often attacked individual villages, and Turkish authorities in Berane did not want to protect them, but arrested individual leaders of Donji Vasojevići. In 1897 Arbanasi managed to kill several members of the Pantović family from Police (hamlet of Goražde). However, the Pantovićs did not forget this but rather took double revenge in May 1898. They first killed two Arbanasi from Rožaje, and three days later, two Rugovians, ox-cart men who were moving from Bijelo Polje to Berane. This served as an occasion for the Arbanasi and Muslim leaders to prepare a new and even stronger attack on the Serb population in Donji Vasojevići. According to an earlier agreement between the Rugovians, Rožajans and Bihorians, the attack on Donji Vasojevići began on May 31 in the villages on the right of the river Lim. During the first two days of the battle, the villages of Donji Vasojevići on the right side of the river Lim were burned: Luge, Petnjik, Dapsiće, Budimlje, the Polič villages, most of Donja Ržanica, Rovca, Kaludra and Zagorje. After receiving help of 3,000 Arnaut bashi-bazouk troops and two battalions of the standing Turkish army, on the fifth day of battles (June 4), the Turkish army launched actions on Serb villages on the left bank of the river Lim, as well as their sanctuary, The Tracts of Saint George Monastery /Djurdjevi Stupovi/. The soldiers planned to set fire to the Monastery and the school. Despite its numerical superiority and persistence, the enemy failed to achieve their goal. Through the heroic struggle, the detainees stopped their assaults, causing them great losses. The Arbanasi and the Turkish authorities who had helped them were terrified with this defeat, so they rushed and immediately the next day, June 7, asked the Serbs for peace, referring the request of the Sultan himself. The events in Donji Vasojevići worried Montenegro and Serbia. The Serbian MP in Constantinople, Stojan Novaković, was in constant contact with the Montenegrin MP M. Bakić and the Russian Consul Zinovjev. These are the three diplomats who mediated the most with the Sublime Port, thus contributing to replace the conflicts with diplomatic negotiations. The Serbian and Montenegrin governments and their authorities did their best to present the position of the Orthodox population in Donji Vasojevići to the world public.
Exploration And Exploitation Of Non-Living Natural Resources On The Continental Shelf Beyond 200 Nautical Miles: A Status Review
Authors:   Malaysian Continental Shelf Project, National Security Council, 11th Floor, Wisma JUPEM, Jalan Semarak, 50578 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Madon Mazlan
Published: December 2020

Activities by coastal States in relation to the exploration and exploitation of non-living natural resources (namely hydrocarbons and deep-sea minerals) on the continental shelf beyond 200 nautical miles (M) from their territorial sea baselines are reviewed. Geological conditions dictate such that hydrocarbons are likely to occur where there are thick accumulations of sediments (at least 2-3 km is needed for organic matter to generate significant amounts of hydrocarbons), whereas deep-sea minerals are found on or beneath the seabed of the deep oceans, which are generally “starved” of sediment. Thus, in general, sites for hydrocarbon exploration and for deep-sea mineral exploration are unlikely to overlap. On a ‘normal’ geological shelf with an average width of say ~60-100 km, hydrocarbon exploration is carried out generally within the 200 M limit of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) of the coastal State. Within the last decade, however, necessitated by depleting resources in the shallow waters of the shelf and slope, exploration has gradually moved from the geological shelf (water depth typically < 200 m) further out into deeper waters, and in some cases, beyond the 200 M limit. Thus far, only in a few places is oil and gas exploration being carried out on the continental shelf beyond 200 M. Examples include Australia, New Zealand, Norway, Argentina and Canada. Such activities mainly involve geological and geophysical investigations and assessment of the hydrocarbon potential, while some have resulted in commercial production. Besides the conventional hydrocarbons (oil and gas), continental margin sediments may also host significant accumulations of gas hydrates, which are regarded as a potentially important energy resource of the future. Along non-polar continental margins, gas hydrates are generally found beneath the continental slope and the continental rise, i.e. beyond the continental shelf proper, in water depths typically greater than 500 m but still mainly within 200 M of the territorial sea baselines. Where the continental margin is exceptionally wide, however, gas hydrates may occur in areas beyond the 200 M limit, on the extended continental shelf.
SR-ARPES STUDY ON THE VALENCE BAND DISPERSIONS IN SINGLE CRYSTAL C60
Authors: LI HONG-NIAN  , XU YA-BO  , BAO SHI-NING  , LI HAI-YANG  , HE PEI-MO  , QIAN HAI-JIE  , LIU FEN-QIN  , Y.KUIRISI  ,   (1)浙江大学物理系，杭州  310027; (2)中国科学院高能物理研究所正负电子对撞机国家实验室，北京  100039
Published: December 2020

Angle-resolved photoemisson spectra were measured at normal emission on the cleaved (111) surface of C60 single crystal.Valence band dispersions have been studied with varying photon energy of synchrotron radiation rays from 13.0eV to 34.0eV. The largest dispersions are 0.27eV and 0.42eV along the Γ—L direction for the HOMO and HOMO-1 derived bands respectively. The dispersion curves coincide with the theoretical electronic structure fairly well.
HYPERFINE STRUCTURE MEASUREMENT IN LaⅡ5d2 1Ｇ4 →4f5d 1F3
Authors: LI GUANG-WU  , MA HONG-LIANG  , LI MAO-SHENG  , CHEN ZHI-JUN  , CHEN MIAO-HUA  , LU FU-QUAN  , PENG XIAN-JUE  , YANG FU-JIA  ,   (1)复旦大学现代物理研究所，上海  200433; (2)复旦大学现代物理研究所，上海  200433；中国工程物理研究院，绵阳  621900; (3)中国工程物理研究院，绵阳  621900
Published: December 2020

The knowledge of the hyperfine structure of 139LaⅡ has been very poo r until now.In our experiment,the atomic hyperfine structure spectra of 139 LaⅡ with 5d2 1Ｇ4 and 4f5d 1F 3 configurations have been measured using collinear fast-ion-beam las er spectroscopy,and the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole coupling constan ts were determined.
EXPERIMENTAL MEASUEMENTS OF X-RAY ENERGY TRANSPORT ALONG CYLINDRAL CAVITY AXIS
Authors: JIANG SHAO-EN  , ZHENG ZHI-JIAN  , CHENG JIN-XIU  , SUN KE-XU  , YANG JIA-MIN  , WANG HONG -BIN  ,   中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心，绵阳  621900
Published: December 2020

X-ray energy tansport along the cylindral cavity axis is measured. Many Kinds of experimental instruments are used to diagnose the X-ray radiation. The spatial distribution of soft X-ray spectra, X-ray intensities and radiation temperature are obtained.
EMPIRICAL CALCULATIONS OF THE FORMATION ENERGIES OF POINT DEFECTS IN RUTILE TiO2
Authors: FENG SHAO-XIN  , LI BAO-HUI  , JIN QING-HUA  , GUO ZHEN-YA  , DING DA-TONG  ,   南开大学物理系，天津  300071
Published: December 2020

The shell model parameters and interionic non-Coulombic potential parameters in rutile TiO2 are determined by empirical parameterization, i.e.,by fit ting models to the structural and macroscopic data such as lattice formation ene rgies, dielectric constants and elastic constants. In terms of these obtained pa rameters the formation energies of point defects are calculated. It is shown tha t Schottky defect is the intrinsic defect in rutile TiO2.
SURFACE PHASE TRANSITION OF NEMATICS INDUCED BY SURFACE INTERACTION
Authors: LIU HONG  ,   南京师范大学物理系，南京  210097
Published: December 2020

Using Ritz method in obtaining the surface order parameters,we obtained a phase transition from Bc,a biaxial nematic along the film normal,to phase B a,a biaxial phase along the axis in the film plane.The result shows t hat as the biaxial part of the anchoring strength increases,the mechanism of the occurrence of Ba changes from temperature decreasing to surface anch oring.Within a certain range of uniaxial anchoring strength α,increasing α wil l make Ba occur at a higher temperature while further increasing of α will make the liquid crystal reenter Bc from Ba.
ELECTRON TRAP AND OPTICAL STORAGE STUDIES IN SrS:Eu AND SrS:Eu,Sm
Authors: HE ZHI-YI  , WANG YONG-SHENG  , SUN LI  XU XU-RONG  , XU XU-RONG  ,   北方交通大学光电子技术研究所，北京  100044
Published: December 2020

The electron traps in SrS:Eu and SrS:Eu, Sm were studied by the time dependence of their afterglow and the fluorescence rising process at the beginning of excitation. The numbers of traps in both phosphors were compared and the singly doped SrS:Eu was found to have approximately the same trap number as the latter at the absence of Sm inos. The absorption spectra of SrS:Eu,Sm at excited and bleached states were measured respectively. The difference at infrared region between them demonstrates the transitions of electrons from the traps to conduction band, which were studied by stimulated spectrum normally. The concentration dependence of Eu and Sm of this difference that we named stimulating absorption spectrum was examined. The results show that the complexes formed by combination of Sm ions and crystal defects such as anion impurity ions or vacancies act as the storageable traps, i.e.,Sm ions play a role of deepening the trap levels so that the trapped electrons can be stored stably.
A NEW ENTROPY OF BLACK HOLE IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE THIRD LAW OF THERMODYNAMICS
Authors: LIN HAI  ,   北京大学物理系，北京  100871
Published: December 2020

I disagree to the former definition of black hole entropy which does not obey the third law of thermodynamics,and thus propose a new entropy formula which conforms to thermodynamics.
MONTE-CARLO SIMULATION OF TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAYS
Authors: HE HONG-BO  , ZHOU JI-CHENG  , HU HUI-FANG  , LI YI-BING  , YAO KAI-LUN  ,   (1)长沙铁道学院信息学院材料研究所，长沙  410075; (2)华中理工大学物理系，武汉  430074
Published: December 2020

In this paper, a single-charge tunneling simulator, the Monte Carlo simulator of two-dimensional quantum dot array using standard single electron tunneling theory and Monte-Carlo method is introduced. The simulated results show that the two-dimensional quantum dot array has Coulomb charging effect at low temperatures. The quantum effect of the dot array exhibits great prospect in research and applications.
INFLUENCE OF THE VIRTUAL PHOTON FIELD ON THE ATOMIC QUANTUM CHARACTER IN TWO-MODE SQUEEZING VACUUM FIELD
Authors: HUANG CHUN-JIA  , ZHOU MING  , LI  JIANG-FAN  , FANG  JIA-YUAN  , HUANG ZU-HONG  , HE HUI-YONG  ,   长沙电力学院物理与信息工程系，长沙  410077
Published: December 2020

We have investigated in the time-evolution and the squeezing character of atomic operators in a system of two-mode squeezed vacuum field interacting with a two-level atom without the rotating-wave approximation by means of quantum theory.The results obtained using the numerical method indicate that the influence of the virtual-photon field on the atomic quantum character is mainly the cause for quantum chaos which is related to the quantum character of the system itself.
LA-Zn DOPED SrM FERRITE FOR HIGH-DENSITY MAGNETIC RECORDING
Authors: BAI JIAN-MIN  , LIU XIAO-XI  , XU HAI  , WEI FU-LIN  , YANG ZHENG  ,   (1)兰州大学磁性材料研究所，兰州  730000; (2)兰州大学磁性材料研究所，兰州  730000；国家教育部应用磁学开放研究实验室，兰州  730000
Published: December 2020

La-Zn doped M type Sr-ferrite thin films with various doping concentration were prepared by conventional rf diode sputtering. La-Zn doping reduces the grain growth rate, so that fine grains with mean grain size about 12nm were prepared with superior magnetic properties. It is found that suitable amount of La-Zn substitution may increase the Ms of the films, and modify the tempareture coefficient of coercivity, while Hc increases with increasing concentration of La-Zn.
THE QUOTIENT FUNCTION AND MLLER TRANSFORMATION
Authors: ZHANG YONG-ZHAO  , ZHANG SHU-YAN  ,   公安海警高等专科学校物理室，宁波  315801
Published: December 2020

We derive the Lorentz transformation of accelerating system by using the propert ies of quotient function and obtain the famous Mller transformation on its ba sis.
STUDY ON THE HOT-CARRIER-DEGRADATION MECHANISM AND HOT-CARRIER-EFFECT IMMUNITY I N ADVANCED GROOVED-GATE PMOSFET
Authors: REN HONG-XIA  , HAO YUE  ,   西安电子科技大学微电子研究所，西安  710071
Published: December 2020

In this paper,the hot-carrier mechanism in grooved-gate MOS is analyzed at first .It is found that the hot-carrier effect reaches its highest generate rate under medium gate bias voltage of the three stress areas.Then,the characteristics of hot-carrier-effect in grooved-gate and planar PMOSFET are simulated using advanc ed 2-dimensional device simulator.The results show that the hot-carrier generate d in grooved-gate PMOSFET is far less than in planar PMOSFET,especially for the case of channel length in deep-sub-micron and super deep-sub-micron region.In or der to investigate the other influences of hot-carrier-effect immunity on device characteristics,the drift of gate and drain characteristics induced by differen t interface state is studied for grooved-gate and planar devices.It shows that t he drift induced by same interface state in grooved-gate MOSFET is far larger th an in planar device.This work lays a foundation for the research and design of n ovel very-small-size grooved gate CMOS devices.
FLUORESCENCE EXCITATION SPECTRUM OF B2Σ＋—X2 Σ+ OF AlO RADICAL IN A SUPERSONIC JET
Authors: JIN JIN  , CHEN YANG  , PEI LIN-SEN  , HU CHANG-JIN  , MA XING-XIAO  , CHEN CONG-XIANG  ,   中国科学技术大学选键化学开放实验室，化学物理系，合肥  230026
Published: December 2020

Laser-induced fluorescence excitation spectrum of B2Σ＋— X2Σ+ transition of gas-phase AlO radical cooled in a supe rsonic jet has been observed in the range of 430—480nm.AlO was produced by reac ting O2 with Al atoms from a dc discharge-sputtering source.The obser ved vibrational bands were identified as V′-V″=1,2,3 transitions respectively. The vibrational frequencies and anharmonic constants were obtained for both the ground state X2Σ+ and the excited state B2Σ+.Furthermore a rotational analysis of the (1,4) band was made.The abno rmal intensity of the V″=5 transitions is discussed.
TIME EVOLUTION OF ATOMIC RESPONSE AND LIGHT AMPLIFICATION MECHANISM IN AN OPEN I NVERSIONLESS LASING SYSTEM
Authors: FAN XI-JUN  , TIAN SHU-FEN  , LI JIAN  , LIU JIE  , BAI CHENG-JIE  ,   (1)山东师范大学传播学院，济南  250014; (2)山东师范大学物理系，济南  250014
Published: December 2020

We study the law of time evolution of atomic response in an open Λ-type inversi onless lasing system,elucidate the light amplification mechanism without inversi on,and find that the character of the time evolution of atomic response in an open system is obviously different from that in a corresponding closed system. Weconsider that the variation of the oscillation frequency and anharmonic oscillat ion in the process of time evolution originate from the stochastic coherence pro perty of atom oscillators in the system.
SOLITARY WAVE IN ONE-DIMENSIONAL MONOATOMIC CHAIN UNDER THE CONSIDERATION OF THE SECOND-NEIGHBORS INTERACTION
Authors: WANG DENG-LONG  , YAN XIAO-HONG  , TANG YI  ,   (1)湘潭大学物理系，湖南  411105; (2)湘潭大学物理系，湖南  411105；中国科学院固体物理研究所，合肥  230031
Published: December 2020

Employing multiple scales method combined with a quasidiscreteness approximation, we investigate the wave motive equation in a one-dimensional homogeneous lattice chain with second-nearest neighbors interaction, and get a new linear dispers ion relation. The result shows that, taking into consideration the second neares t-neighbor interaction and quartic anharmonic interaction simultaneously, the on e-dimensional homogeneous lattice exhibits not only envelope soliton, kink and a ntikink, but also another non-linear elementary excitation in solitary wave form -the breather.
THE NUCLEATION AND GROWTH OF (100) TEXTURED DIAMOND FILMS IN PRESENCE OF NITROG EN
Authors: LI CAN-HUA  , LIAO YUAN  , CHANG CHAO  , WANG GUAN-ZHONG  , FANG RONG-CHUAN  ,   (1)中国科学技术大学结构研究开放实验室，合肥  230026；中国科学技术大学物理系，合肥  230026; (2)中国科学技术大学物理系，合肥  230026
Published: December 2020

We have studied the influence of nitrogen addition in CH4/H2 gas mixtures on the nucleation, morphology and growth rate of polycrystalline diamond films prepared by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). The p resence of nitrogen has little effect on diamond nucleation density, but is bene ficial to enhance the growth rate and to stabilize (100) facets of diamond films . Optical emission spectroscopy was applied to detect the chemical radicals in t he system. It is shown that the additional nitrogen makes the chemical radicals and surface activity of diamond films change tremendously. We believed that nitr ogenous species abstract the atomic hydrogen on the diamond surface and speed up the desorption rate of H, so as to promote the diamond films deposition. Furthe rmore, the selective absorption of nitrogenous species causes chemical roughenin g of the (100) facets, which makes the growth rate of (100) facet higher than th at of other facets and leads to the presence of (100) textured diamond films.
THE TRANSPORT MECHANISM IN NANOCRYSTALLINE SILICON FILMS AT LOW TEMPERATURE
Authors: XU GANG-YI  , WANG TIAN-MIN  , HE YU-LIANG  , MA ZHI-XUN  , ZHENG GUO-ZHEN  ,   (1)北京航空航天大学材料物理与化学研究中心，北京  100083; (2)兰州大学材料科学系，兰州  730000; (3)南京大学物理系，南京  210093; (4)中国科学院上海技术物理研究所红外物理国家重点实验室，上海  200083
Published: December 2020

In a wide temperature range (500—20 K), we studied the electrical transport mechanism in intrinsic and P-doped nanocrystalline silicon films. We find that the HQD model successfully explains the conductivity at high temperatures (500—200K ), but fails at temperature below 200K. Single activation energy W was found in the low temperature range (100—20K), which is approximately equal to the value of kBT(W～1—3kBT).It is in good agreement with the charac teristics of hopping conduction in amorphous semiconductor, In this paper we mod ified the HQD model. We consider two distinct transport mechanisms, thermal-assi sted tunneling and electrons hopping through the local states near the Fermi lev el exist simultaneously. At high temperature tunneling transport is the main pro cess. At low temperature transport is governed by electron hopping. On this basi s, a complete analytic function of the conductivity is proposed. The function su ccessfully explains the conductivity of intrinsic and P-doped nanocrystalline si licon films in the whole temperature range.
ANALYTICAL BAND SIMULATION OF ELECTRIC TRANSPORT IN ZnS THIN FILM ELECTROLUMINES CENT DEVICES
Authors: ZHAO HUI  , HE DA-WEI  , WANG YONG-SHENG  , XU XU-RONG  ,   北方交通大学光电子技术研究所，北京  100044
Published: December 2020

The band structure of ZnS calculated from empirical pseudopotential method is fitted by use of polynomials. The density of state and scattering rates are also calculated from these polynomials. Based on these results, electric transport process in ZnS-type thin film electroluminescent devices is simulated through Monte Carlo method. By comparison with other methods, the calculation based on this m odel is as fast as nonparabolic model and as accurate as full band model. Furthe rmore, the influence of band model on simulation result is also investigated. We show that the dispersion relations and density of state are all important in si mulation.
TGS CRYSTAL GROWTH POLYMORPHISM AND SURFACE DIFFUSION GROWTH MECHANISM
Authors: SUN DA-LIANG  , YU XI-LING  , WANG YAN  , GU QING-TIAN  ,   山东大学晶体材料国家重点实验室,济南  250100
Published: December 2020

Four faces of TGS crystal were chosen to study the growth kinetics. BCF spiral growth mechanism for the surface diffusion model was analyzed using the kinetic data of the four faces. We found it is more important that the growth units enter the surface layer to grow after overcoming the dehydration activation energy, than the process of surface diffusion. Two simple crystal forms of TGS spontaneousnucleation crystals were also observed.
STUDING ON ELECTROMAGNETIC CHARACTERS OF Fe/Al2O3/Fe TUNNE LING JUNCTIONS
Authors: LIU CUN-YE  , XU QING-YU  , NI GANG  , SANG HAI  , DU YOU-WEI  ,   (1)南京大学固体微结构国家重点实验室,南京  210093; (2)南京大学固体微结构国家重点实验室,南京  210093；西南师范大学物理学系，重庆  400715
Published: December 2020

Using ion-beam-sputtering technique, Fe/Al2O3/Fe magnetic tunneling junctions (MTJ) were fabricated. Tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) eff ect of MTJ samples has been successfully studied. The chemical composition and t he microstructural characteristics of hard-and soft-magnetic layers, insulating layer, and interface of MTJ were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy an d Atomic force microscopy. The dependence of MR effect on microstructure, chemic al composition, conductance, and Ｉ-Ｖ characteristic of the samples are also di scussed.
THE DYNAMICS OF HOLOGRAPHIC STORAGE IN DOUBLY DOPED LiNbO3:Fe:Mn
Authors: LIU YOU-WEN  , LIU LI-REN  , GUO YING-CHUN  , ZHOU CHANG-HE  ,   中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所，上海  201800
Published: December 2020

Considering the three transport mechanisms of diffusion, drift and the photovoltaic effect, we set up a set of coupling differential equations that describe the dynamics of the two-color holographic storage in doubly doped LiNbO3:Fe:Mn in the case of small signal and modulation, and solve the equations to explain the time dynamic development process of holographic storage by using the numerical calculation method. On the basis of these results, we analyze the effect of oxidation-reduction on the process of holographic storage, the non-volatile holographic storage is realized only if the sum Na of number density of the acceptors (Fe3+ and Mn3+) is larger than the number density of iron ions N2. Diffraction efficiency of fixed grating increases with oxidation, photorefractive sensitivity decreases with oxidation, higher diffraction efficiency is at the cost of lower photorefractive sensitivity. When the concentration of doped iron is constant, the higher the concentration of doped manganese, the larger the effective dynamic range of state of oxidation-reduction is, in which holograph can be saved permanently.
PHASE TRANSITION IN NEMATICS INDUCED BY ELASTIC DISTORTION
Authors: LIU-HONG  ,   南京师范大学物理系，南京  210024
Published: December 2020

With elastic constants as functions of the order parameters, we have obtained a Landau's elastic free energy expression for biaxial nematic liquid crystals similar to that used by Govers. The relationship between this Govers form and the Saupe form for biaxial nematics is obtained. It shows that simple distortion, splay, twist or bend, may lead to a first order phase transition from isotropic phase to biaxial nematic phase. However, in the case of cholesteric liquid crystal, there exists a critical chirality, above which, instead of first order, the phase transition becomes second order.
INVESTIGATION OF THE LIGHT HOLE IN p-TYPE Hg1-xCdxTe
Authors: JIANG CHUN-PING  , GUI YONG-SHENG  , ZHENG GOU-ZHEN  , MA ZHI-XUN  , WANG SHAN-LI  , HE LI  , CHU JUN-HAO  ,   中国科学院上海技术物理研究所红外物理国家重点实验室，上海  200083
Published: December 2020

We have simultaneously determined the densities and mobilities of light and heavy holes at various temperatures (12K to 300K) in two molecular beam epitaxy-grown p-type Hg1-xCdxTe (x=0.224) samples from variable magnetic-field Hall measurement by using a hybrid approach consisting of mobility spectrum analysis followed by a multi-carrier fitting procedure.In addition, we directly observe the contribution of the light hole to the conductivity tensor component. The experimental values obtained in this work should be useful in modeling of HgCdTe infrared detectors.
NON-EQUILIBRIUM RADIATION RESPONSE AND DECOUPLING OF VORTEX-ANTIVORTES PAIRS IN TWO-DIMENSIONAL HIGH-Tc SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: XU KE-XI  ,   上海大学物理系，上海  201800
Published: December 2020

On the basis of the two-dimensional (2D) characteristics of the superconducting transportation as well as Josephson weak link behaviors in granular YBCO films,a 2D Josephson junction array is proposed as a model system for this film.Using this simplified model,we have discussed the decoupling procedure of vortex-antivortex pairs by bias current,and analytically developed temperature distribution of free vortices n(T,I) below TKT.As compared with experimental results,we find that the temperature dependency of n(T,I) is similar to the behaviors of microwave response of granular YBCO films near K-T transition temperature.This similarity implies,to a certain extent,some intrinsic relationship between vortex-antivortex decoupling and non-equilibrium radiation response dissipation in the high-Tc superconducting granular films.
SIMULATION OF SHOCK WAVES USING A LATTICE BOLTZMANN EQUATION MODEL
Authors: FENG SHI-DE  , MICHIHISA TSUTAHARA  ,   (1)神户大学自然科学研究科计算物理研究室,神户市nada区六甲台1-1,日本; (2)中国科学院大气物理研究所,北京100029
Published: December 2020

A lattice Boltzmann equation model of D2Q13 form in two-dimensional space is developed according to the conservative criteria of mass, momentum and energy. The equations of fluid dynamics can be derived from the D2Q13 model, and the momentum equation is obviously improved in the viscosity transport term by comparison with Navier-Stokes equation . The shock wave reflection phenomena on the bevel edge and edge angle have been simulated by using the model so that the results and the numerical stability are very good. It is shown that the model is valid both in theory and in numerical experiment.
CONTROLLING CHAOTIC BEHAVIOUR IN ERBIUM-DOPED FIBER DUAL-RING LASER WITH LINEAR TIME-DELAYED FEEDBACK
Authors: WANG RONG  , SHEN KE  ,   长春光学精密机械学院理学分院,长春130022
Published: December 2020

A method of chaos control with linear time-delayed feedback based on the scheme of linear feedback is presented in this paper. By using the method, we propose a scheme of controlling chaotic behavior in erbium-doped fiber dual-ring laser with one polarized mode. The results of the computer simulation show that controlling the chaos into the stable states could be realized by adjusting the feedback coefficient and delay time.
DYNAMICS OF TWO COUPLED ATOMS RAMAN-INTERACTING WITH SQUEEZED VACUUM FIELD
Authors: HUANG CHUN-JIA  , ZHOU MING  , LIU AN-LING  ,   长沙电力学院物理与信息工程系,长沙410077
Published: December 2020

The dynamical properties of two coupled-atoms Raman-interacting with a single-mode squeezed vacuum field are studied by means of quantum theory.Using the numerical method,the relation between the quantum properties of the atoms and the coupling parameter and initial state of the system is discussed.
DYNAMICS OF LARGE-SIZE ATOMIC CLUSTERS IN ULTRA-SHORT HIGH-INTENSITY LASER PULSES
Authors: LIU JIAN-SHENG  , LI RU-XIN  , ZHU PIN-PIN  , XU ZHI-ZHAN  , LIU JING-RU  ,   (1)中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所,强光光学开放实验室,上海201800; (2)中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所,强光光学开放实验室,上海201800;西北核技术研究所,西安710024
Published: December 2020

The interaction of atomic clusters with high-intensity lasers has been investigated based on the hydrodynamic model developed by Ditmire et al.By solving Maxwell equations,an effective plasma dielectric constant is found to replace the quasistatic plasma dielectric constant ε derived from the Drude model.In the vicinity of resonance absorption,the electron density and temperature undergo such a rapid change that the quasistatic plasma dielectric constant ε is no longer appropriate to demonstrate the behavior of resonance absorption.Employing this model,the interaction of atomic clusters with high-intensity lasers at different frequencies has also been studied.
THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF THE CHIRAL TOROIDAL CARBON NANOTUBES
Authors: ZHANG ZHEN-HUA  , PENG JING-CUI  , CHEN XIAO-HUA  , ZHANG HUA  ,   (1)长沙交通学院信息与计算科学系,长沙410076; (2)湖南大学应用物理系,长沙410082; (3)湖南大学应用物理系,长沙410082;长沙交通学院信息与计算科学系,长沙410076
Published: December 2020

Based on the tight-binding model of π electrons for a graphite sheet, the electronic structure of the chiral toroidal carbon nanotubes(TCNTs) has been derived.The quantum properties and magnetic pattern of TCNTs have been investigated in detail in this paper. A magnetic field can induce a metal-semiconductor transition for typeⅠ and Ⅱ TCNTs.The computation and analysis also show: when- T=0K, the magnetism of typeⅠand Ⅱ TCNTs are a linearly function of the magnetic flux Φ, with a period Φ0(h/e),which is sensitive to chiral angle θ,toroidal width r and temperture T, independent of toroidal radius R. The magnetism of chiral TCNTs is much stronger than that of the armchair or zigzag TCNTs. The magnetism of type Ⅲ TCNTs is very weak,without regularity.
PROPERTIES OF CONDUCTING POLYMER DONOR-ACCEPTOR COMPOSITE FILMS AND PHOTOVOLTAIC CHARACTERISTICS OF JUNCTION DEVICES
Authors: FENG WEI  , CAO MENG  , WEI WEI  , WU HONG-CAI  , WAN MEI-XIANG  , KATSUMI YOSHINO  ,   (1)日本大阪大学电子工学吉野研究室,大阪5650871; (2)西安交通大学电子与信息工程学院,西安710049; (3)中国科学院化学研究所有机固体开放实验室,北京100081
Published: December 2020

To realize an efficient photovoltaic device,one of the methods of creating a large interfacial area at which the effective dissociation of excitons occurs is to mix an electron donor material with an electron acceptor material.The new soluble conducting polymer-dye ROPPV(poly(2,5-dialkoxy-p-phenylene vinylene)/ N,N'-diphenyl glyoxaline-3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic acid diacidamide (PV) composite was prepared.Electrical and optical properties of soluble conducting polymer composite films,and current-voltage(I－V) characteristics and photocurrent spectra of photovoltaic cells are discussed.Our results show that the soluble conducting polymer-dye composite represents a new class of organic semiconducting materials that can be used to manufacture photovoltaic cells.
EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS AND PHYSICAL MODEL INVESTIGATION OF TDDB OF THIN GATE OXIDE
Authors: LIU HONG-XIA  , FANG JIAN-PING  , HAO YUE  ,   西安电子科技大学微电子研究所,西安710071
Published: December 2020

Breakdown character of thin SiO2 is investigated by using substrate hot-carrier injection techniques. Hot-carrier induced thin gate oxide damaged shows different breakdown character compared with the case of conventional F-N tunneling experiments.Good correlation between the calculated electron energy in the oxide and the electric field in the silicon substrate suggests that the difference between hot-electron injection and the F-N tunneling can be explained in terms of the average electron energy in the oxide.Hot holes injection experiments reveal that the life of oxide breakdown is not simply determined by the total number of injected holes.New hot-carrier-induced TDDB (Time-dependent dielectric breakdown)models of thin gate oxide are reported in this paper.
CHARACTERISTICS OF THE LAMINAR REGIONS DISPLAYED BY TYPE-V INTERMITTENCIES IN SOME TWO-DIMENSIONAL MAPS
Authors: WANG WEN-XIU  , MA MING-QUAN  , WU YONG-PING  , ZHU YOU-ZHANG  , HE DA-REN  ,   (1)西安高科技研究所,西安710025; (2)扬州大学理学院物理系,扬州225002
Published: December 2020

Through an analysis on several examples we show that the phase space regions occupied by the laminar phases displayed by type-V intermittencies in two-dimensional maps often possess one-dimensional characteristics. These one-dimensional regions correspond to parts of the stable manifolds belonging to the “ghosts” of the periodic orbits that have already vanished via border-collision bifurcations. They form channels with an apparent exit similar to that the laminar iterations go through when intermittencies happen in one-dimensional maps. At the same time the phase space regions occupied by turbulent phases possess two-dimensional features.The mechanisms of all these characteristics are also discussed.
A NEW METHOD OF SURROGATE DATA TEST FOR LINEAR NON-GAUSSIAN TIME SERIES
Authors: LIU YAO-ZONG  , WEN XI-SEN  , HU NIAO-QING  ,   国防科技大学机电工程与自动化学院,长沙410073
Published: December 2020

Surrogate data testing is a popular method to detect nonlinearity and chaos in time series and has been widely used in many applications with erratic time series.With the explicit null hypothesis that the time series is generated from a linear,stochastic,Gaussian stationary process,the surrogate data test based on phase randomization may give false alarm for nonlinearity at a linear non-minimum phase non-Gaussian sequence.So,we propose a new method to test the hypothesis of linear non-Gaussian process in light of typical realization of surrogates.With the ARMA parameters estimated from high-order cumulants and the series itself,a method to estimate the input noise of a non-minimum phase sequence is developed based on power spectrum equivalence,which is the bottle-neck to generate surrogates for non-minimum phase time series.The results of numerical experiments confirm our approach to test non-minimum phase non-Gaussian process.
A REDUCED PARAMETER SECOND-ORDER VOLTERRA FILTER WITH APPLICATION TO NONLINEAR ADAPTIVE PREDICTION OF CHAOTIC TIME SERIES
Authors: ZHANG JIA-SHU  , XIAO XIAN-CI  ,   电子科技大学电子工程系,成都610054
Published: December 2020

A reduced parameter second-order Volterra filter (RPSOVF) which is constructed by the multiplication-coupled two linear FIR filters, and its nonlinear normalized least mean square (NLMS) algorithm is proposed; and this RPSOVF with nonlinear NLMS algorithm are used to make adaptive predictions of chaotic time series. The rule of selecting convergent assistant parameters of the nonlinear NLMS algorithm is obtained. Experimental results show that this reduced parameter second-order Volterra filter with the nonlinear NLMS algorithm can be successfully used to make adaptive predictions of chaotic time series, and the modified nonlinear NLMS algorithm enables RPSOVF to converge and stabilize.