bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spheres of influence and tools for implementing hybrid threats: models and mechanisms
Authors: Khriapynskyi Anton
Published: December 2023

The article provides a solution to the current scientific problem of substantiating and distinguishing spheres of influence and tools for the implementation of hybrid threats in the context of defining models and relevant mechanisms. It is comprehensively argued that hybrid threats are aimed at changing states and creating necessary situations in several areas by applying combinations of tools. Each tool targets one or more areas or the interaction between them, creating or exploiting a vulnerability or exploiting an opportunity. This is why it is important to identify the areas of possible influence or critical functions that a state must ensure resilience against hybrid threats, as they are strongly related to national security and the state's decision-making capacity.

According to the results of the analysis of literary sources on hybrid threats, thirteen spheres of influence are distinguished: political, economic, infrastructural, legal, social, cultural, military, informational, cybernetic, public administration, diplomatic, intelligence, communication. It has been proven that in each sphere there are specific models and mechanisms by which a hybrid threat actor can cause the desired effect for him, moreover, this effect can cover different spheres, as they are closely related to each other.

It was established that before the emergence and spread of the concept of hybrid threats, the main approach always included military intervention and physical occupation as a prerequisite for capturing an independent country. But in modern conditions, significant control of an actor over a certain object can be achieved without mandatory participation in open military operations. In addition, actors can use a hybrid threat strategy to weaken the target state without any intention of physical control. This means that a military-oriented approach may not provide an accurate picture of the entire spectrum of current threats and challenges. It is shown that in any conceptual work it is important to find a balance between detail and analytical value of generalization. It may be worth noting that there are still multiple subfields, and some of the examples below show combinations of different fields, so there may be alternative approaches to both consolidation and expanding the domain list.
The higher education system of Ukraine in the conditions of war: aspects of sustainability
Authors: Makurina Oleksandra , Khozhylo Iryna
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the consideration of the main challenges and problems that were identified in the higher education system of Ukraine in the conditions of a full-scale war. It has been proven that before the war, the main challenges and problems in the higher education system were mainly focused in the field of industry. It was established that in the pre-pandemic period, problems and challenges in the higher education system were mainly caused by the need to implement the tasks of the European integration course of the Ukrainian state and enter the single European educational space. With the beginning of quarantine restrictions and the legal regime of martial law, the problems and challenges facing the higher education system of Ukraine changed the location of internal origin to an externally determined space. It is substantiated that since 2020, the challenges and problems that were formed as systemic and those that had an extra-branch origin became dominant for the system of higher education in Ukraine. Institutions of higher education of Ukraine in such conditions built the trajectory of their functioning and development taking into account, first of all, the requirements of safety, accessibility and quality of the educational process, development of human capital in the system of higher education. It was determined that the transformation of the higher education system in the conditions of war has content and time characteristics. A list of priority directions for the development of the higher education system in Ukraine for the near future has been created. A conclusion was made about the need for the consolidation of the Ukrainian educational community and international partners for the implementation of innovative approaches in the development of the higher education system in Ukraine in the post-war period.
PROFESSIONAL STANDARD «COMBAT MEDIC» AS A FACTOR OF QUALITY MANAGEMENT IN THE MEDICAL SUPPLY SYSTEM OF THE UKRAINIAN DEFENSE FORCES
Authors: Karamyshev Dmytro , Hordiienko Liudmyla
Published: December 2023

The article examines the complex problem of regulation the professional qualification of a combat medic / senior combat medic based on a standardized set of acquired competencies and their implementation into the professional standard «Combat medic» as a quality management factor in the system of medical support of the Ukrainian Defense Forces. It is determined the need to differentiate the system of recognition of the professional qualifications of a combat medic and a senior combat medic with corresponding changes to the professional standard of a combat medic by introducing professional qualification categories: a combat medic of the II category, without medical education with special standardized training in educational centers, which corresponds to 4th level of the national qualification framework; a combat medic of category I (senior combat medic), who must have an appropriate educational qualification corresponding to the 5th level of the national qualification framework, as well as a combat medic of the highest professional qualification category, corresponding to the 6th level of the national qualification framework.

It is substantiated that the compliance of the professional standard «Combat medic» with the norms of the current legislation requires the separation of professional qualification categories in the corresponding professional standard, as well as further differentiation of the meaningful content of the functionality of staff positions of senior combat medic and combat medic, taking into account the corresponding work and professional competencies. The authors also substantiate the necessity of differentiation in the professional standard the labor functions and professional competences of combat medics without medical education and senior combat medics with a professional medical education based on the introduction of relevant professional qualification categories.

It has been proven that the proposed differentiation of the professional qualification categories of the «Combat medic» profession is due to a significant difference in the competencies of servicemen who hold full-time positions of senior combat medics and have a bachelor's degree in higher education compared to servicemen who hold similar positions of senior combat medics in the presence of higher education qualification «Junior Bachelor» degree, or vocational pre-university education qualification «Professional Junior Bachelor», in particular with regard to the «responsibility and autonomy» descriptor of the national qualification framework.

It is emphasized that the implementation of the mentioned proposals regarding the improvement of the professional standard «Combat medic» can be an effective tool and factor of quality management in the system of medical support of the Ukrainian Defense Forces.
Studing of English economic terminology: prospects and challenges for students of economic faculties
Authors: Kondratyuk M.
Published: December 2023

The article examines current aspects of English language learning by students of economics faculties. It particularly focuses on the transition from general literary vocabulary to specialized professional terminology. The research combines several methods: analysis of modern approaches to studying professional terminology, assessment of the effectiveness of various English teaching methods in economics faculties, and surveys involving both applicants and instructors.

The author substantiates the importance of cultivating professional competence through terminology acquisition and the utilization of authentic materials such as the Harvard Review and Forbes. Proposals include integrating modules dedicated to studying English terminology within professional disciplines and introducing optional English courses to compensate for the shortage of hours allocated to English language instruction in senior courses.

Survey results highlight studentsʼ keen interest in mastering English professional terminology and their willingness to engage in project-based learning. Identified challenges include the high cost of educational materials and curriculum overload, with suggestions to leverage internet resources and modern educational tools.

Emphasis is placed on the necessity of a comprehensive approach to English language education for economics students, particularly highlighting the importance of honing English skills in professional contexts theyʼll encounter in their careers. Prioritizing the study of English-language professional terminology within the curriculum is deemed crucial for economics students. This specialization offers an alternative to the communicative approach, bridging the gap between general language proficiency and mastery of economic language.

Recommendations encompass implementing interdisciplinary approaches to teaching English terminology and fostering collaboration among instructors to enhance studentsʼ language and professional skill development. Furthermore, emphasizing innovative teaching methods, such as interactive technologies and virtual resources, is deemed instrumental in heightening student engagement and activity in the learning process. These approaches are considered vital in enhancing studentsʼ ability to comprehend and employ English terminology effectively.
Digital literacy among students in medical institutions of higher education in distance learning situations
Authors: Batyuk Liliya
Published: December 2023

Digital educational technologies are an innovative way of organizing the educational process, based on the use of electronic and information systems, which ensure visibility of the formation of digital skills among students of higher education institutions.

The article analyzes the use of digital technologies by students of medical institutions of higher education when studying natural sciences in the conditions of distance learning, using the example of the educational component «Medical and biological physics; Medical information technologies».

The analysis and synthesis of search results in information systems was carried out in order to define research concepts, methods of expert evaluation, observation, modeling, and forecasting. The principles of the «digitalization of Ukraine» policy were concidered, the components of the concept of «digital information literacy» were defined, and the effectiveness of the use of digital programs and devices in the educational process in medical institutions of higher education was investigated. The survey method was used for the research. A structured questionnaire in the form of a Google form was developed to collect information. The role of digital learning technologies in the educational space and their application in the educational process was determined. It was found that the number of e-books in the respondent’s home reduced the probability of weak skills, but had no relationship with strong skills. Frequency of using digital skills at university reduced the likelihood of weak skills, but there was no association with strong skills. This suggests that the use of digital technologies in the university can protect against low productivity, but does not guarantee high qualifications. Students’ general cognitive abilities are positively related to their digital self-efficacy accuracy. Students with more experience in the informational Internet space demonstrate more accurate digital self-efficacy. It is shown that digital technologies in the educational space, due to their visibility, accessibility and orientation to the individual abilities of students, are a necessary condition for increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of the educational process. The use of digital technologies by students of medical institutions of higher education on the example of studying the educational component «Medical and biological physics; Medical information technologies» increase students’ motivation to study, contribute to the development of digital practical skills in future specialists.
Мethods of combating offenses in decentralized systems
Authors: Rafalskyi Maksym
Published: December 2023

Introduction. This article is devoted to the study of methods of combating offenses in decentralized systems, in particular in blockchain networks. The author analyzes the main approaches to combating such offenses and considers various methods that can be used to prevent, identify and solve the specified problems. The article examines the potential risks and challenges associated with fighting crime in decentralized systems, and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of different approaches.

Summary of the main results of the study. An explanation of the peculiarities and complexity of organizing the work of decentralized networks such as blockchain, and, accordingly, the complexity of detecting and countering offenses in such networks is provided. Clarification is also provided regarding various approaches and methods of combating offenses in decentralized systems, as well as what methods there are for combating such offenses, and what methods the author of the article proposes.

Conclusions. For the first time, a list of the main methods with offenses in decentralized networks such as blockchain has been unified and provided in the context of criminal law. Methods of combating and preventing such offenses from the point of view of various approaches, including legal, technical, organizational, etc., are also considered. Overall, the article offers conclusions on different approaches to preventing and countering crimes in decentralized systems, reviews different methods of combating such crimes, and emphasizes the need for further research in this area.
THE The influence of martial law on a person's exercise of the right to honor and dignity
Authors: Sverdlichenko Valentyna
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of the legal regime of martial law on the individual's exercise of the right to honor and dignity. Honor and dignity are fundamental values without which a modern democratic society cannot fully exist. The introduction of the legal regime of martial law on the entire territory of Ukraine strengthens their role, because under these conditions, the subjective civil rights of a person, including personal non-property rights, are always limited and violated.

Summary. The article emphasizes the central place of honor and dignity in national and international legislation, as evidenced by the analysis of normative legal acts. It is noted that the right to honor and dignity cannot be limited even during the legal regime of martial law due to the legal nature of dignity and honor, their great significance and value both for an individual and for society as a whole. It is noted that the introduction of the mentioned regime entails numerous violations of the right to honor and dignity, which are the consequences of the violation of the right to life, the right to health, the right to security of person, and the right to freedom. This is due to the fact that the right to honor and dignity, thanks to to its special legal nature, is exercised through the specified personal non-property rights.

Conslusions. The introduction of the legal regime of martial law cannot affect a person's exercise of the right to honor and dignity, because according to the current national and international legislation, it is not subject to restrictions even under such extraordinary conditions. However, the existence of the legal regime of martial law in a certain territory creates prerequisites for numerous violations of human rights, primarily for such fundamental personal non-property rights as the right to life, the right to health, the right to security of person, the right to freedom, the violation of which automatically entails also a violation of the right to honor and dignity.
Origin of the category of compliance in civil law
Authors: Skrypnyk Valentyna
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the category of counterness in civil law. The author notes that the Civil Code of Ukraine contains the concept of conflict in various legal constructions, such as "counter performance", "counter homogeneous claims", "counter claims of the debtor", etc. However, at present, a comprehensive study of the counterness category is absent in modern domestic civil studies.

The article focuses on the fact that the category of counterness appears primarily in contractual obligations, in particular, in synallagmatic contracts. Such contracts are characterized by the presence of counter-duties to which corresponding rights correspond. The content of these rights and corresponding obligations is determined by the legal purpose (causa) for which the contract is concluded. The author analyzed the concept of synallagma, causa in the Roman concept of contract. It was determined that synallagmatic contracts in Roman law were considered to be contracts of sale, hire, partnership, as well as innominate contracts. The author also found that the concept of synallagmaticity does not coincide with the concept of counterness of a contractual obligation. Thus, the synallagmatic character inherent in the partnership agreement does not determine the existence of counter-duties. The gratuity of the contract also does not coincide with the concept of reciprocity, since some contracts, which are gratuitous in their subject matter (non-competition agreement, agreement on satisfaction of the mortgagee's requirements), have signs of mutuality of obligations.

In synallagmatic contracts, non-fulfillment of the obligation of one of the parties entitles the other party to raise "exceptio non adimpleti contractus" - "objection to non-fulfillment of the contract". In the Civil Code of Ukraine, this is manifested in the fact that the party that has not received performance under the contract has the right to stop the performance of its obligation or refuse to perform it (Part 3 of Article 538 of the Civil Code of Ukraine). At the same time, such duties that are functionally related will be considered to be counter.
The principle of operation as a procedural tool of administrative jurisdiction
Authors: Boriakina Vitalia
Published: December 2023

Introduction. By its very nature, administrative proceedings can be considered the main tool for protecting the rights and interests of individuals and legal entities in the public legal field against violations by subjects of authority. Such protection must be based on a fair, impartial and timely hearing. A legal and well-founded decision of the court, which resolves the dispute on the merits, may lose its significance or significantly reduce its importance for the protection of the rights of the individual, if it is adopted with an unreasonable delay. The main direction in the development of the modern administrative process in most countries of the world is characterized by the optimal ratio of the procedural activities of the parties and the court. The classic model of competitiveness is inferior to another model, the essence of which is the implementation of the ideas of judicial economy.

In the science of the administrative process, the time limits of the process are associated with the implementation of the requirements of efficiency, speed, concentration, and procedural economy. These concepts determine the place and meaning of procedural terms in the mechanism of legal regulation of procedural legal relations and are related to the fulfillment of the task of timeliness of judicial protection, enshrined in Art. 2 of the Code of Administrative Procedure of Ukraine.

Short list of main results. The article is devoted to the study of the concept and essence of the principle of efficiency as a procedural tool in the administrative proceedings of Ukraine. It has been established that the importance of this principle is due to the constant dynamics and specificity of the administrative process, changes in socio-economic conditions in the state, and the desire to raise the national standards of the judiciary to European standards. It is justified that the principle of efficiency is reflected in the content of procedural norms of administrative legislation.

Conclusions. The principle of efficiency is an independent principle of administrative proceedings that requires immediate legal regulation in procedural legislation.
Analysis Of Biometric-Based Identification Algorithms In Electronic Trust Services Systems
Authors: Rassomakhin S.G. , Podhaiko V.O.
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the usage of identification algorithms based on biometric personal data (biometrics) in the electronic trust services. This theme is of considerable interest due to the fact that it is becoming one of the most used tools in everyday life. It can include such things as fingerprint and facial scanners in modern cell phones as well as more official aspects such as a personal passport or signature.

The main problem of electronic identification is that the most effective algorithms: based on abstract-minutiae cylindrical codes, where minutiae are unique to each fingerprint and determine the points of change in the structure of the capillary lines (ending, splitting, breaking, etc.), the orientation of capillary lines and coordinates at these points.

Also, algorithms based on fuzzy extractors, where by fuzzy extractor we mean the system (object, algorithm) which transforms biometric data into random sequences, providing the opportunity to apply encryption methods for biometric security. Although they perform their role, they do not always work correctly and present a possible danger to a user. A comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of such algorithms requires further investigation and combination of these algorithms to solve existing problems and improve overall response.

Not only could that provide a higher level of protection, but also greatly simplify the mathematical complexity of data processing, as well as lead to an increase in the number of correct triggers and overall increase the efficiency of using biometric technology in electronic trust services.
Research of using the artificial intelligence algorithms in intrusion detection/prevention systems
Authors: Deineha Taras , Svatovskiy Igor
Published: December 2023

The analysis of the necessity and expediency of using artificial intelligence algorithms and technologies based on neural networks and fuzzy logic in systems for detecting and preventing network intrusions has been carried out. Modern network attacks are distinguished by the ability to change their characteristics and modes of action almost in real time. Outdated expert network protection systems based on the concept of "rule-action" can no longer cope with these types of attacks, because they need a certain time to process information about a new attack and store it into their database. The paper proposes a model of an intrusion detection/prevention system based on the use of a neural network trained on a test sample created by using fuzzy logic algorithms. The learning algorithm of the neural network is based on the method of learning with a teacher and the method of backpropagation of the error. Thus, for the complete neural network training procedure the user only needs to have a dump of the intercepted network traffic for further processing according to the test sample creation algorithm. The results of evaluation and practical testing of the proposed model show that such a network protection scheme can work quite reliably and can be used as an intrusion detection/prevention system for local and global networks.
Modelling of information flows in the Software Carpentry environment
Authors: Chub Olga , Novozhylova Maryna
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The level and speed of development of modern information technologies, the aspiration of modern society to informational unification necessitate the creation and implementation of a new model of the educational and scientific community interaction to ensure free, operational and effective access to the information resources being required for the purpose of implementing innovative means of studying and utilizing information processing tools.

Key goals. The educational and scientific community is looking for new approaches that can ensure the necessary level of education efficiency under the condition of severe limitations of resources, where time is the first of them. Therefore, an urgent problem today is the formulation of the principles of construction, modelling, and systematization of the properties of the information environment as an interactive educational and scientific platform. In this work we consider the problem using the Software Carpentry as an example.

Methods and Materials. To solve the formulated problem, we have conducted an analysis of the paradigms of informational educational environments, classifying the most widespread and available in the Ukrainian educational and research community such as Coursera, edX, Prometheus, Udemy. Another interesting direction to consider is the so-called microlearning. At the same time, the use of the above types of educational online resources for the purposes of organizing and conducting scientific research, as well as selecting and implementing new tools for processing information about objects of scientific research is difficult or impossible.

Results. The ideology of Software Carpentry is considered as one of the most successful implementations in this direction. The authors are participating in the project implemented by University of St. Andrews (Scotland) on translation the «Python programming language» course from English to Ukrainian as volunteers.

Conclusion. We propose generalized set-theoretical model of such an information environment for educational and research community interaction.
LARGE-SCALE MAGNETIC AND VORTEX STRUCTURES IN A TURBULENT MEDIUM
Authors: Yanovsky V. V. , Tur A. V. , Kopp M. I.
Published: December 2023

The survey covers a main achievements in the field of dynamo theory. Applications of the model of turbulent convective dynamo to the problem of generation of a large-scale vortexes and magnetic structures in the solar photosphere are discussed. Investigated are the new models of the vortex dynamo in a rotating fluid with small-scale external force. The main results in these models are obtained by the method of multiscale asymptotic expansions. The results of numerical analysis of nonlinear equations of a magnetovortex dynamo in a stationary mode are provided. Solutions are found in the form of spiral kinks, periodic nonlinear waves and solitons, which are also considered in the survey.
HIGH LEVEL WASTES IMMOBILIZATION IN CERAMIC AND HYDRATED PHOSPHATE MATRIX
Authors: Shkuropatenko V. A.
Published: December 2023

The results of experimental research for obtaining of phosphate matrix materials: fluorapatite Ca10(PO4)6F2, sodium zirconium phosphate NaZr2(PO4)3 and potassium magnesium phosphate KMgPO4·6H2O were presented. The evolution of phase composition in their synthesis was investigated. The optimal parameters for obtaining monophasic phosphate matrix materials were found. Possibility of obtaining powders of calcium Ca10(PO4)6F2 and strontium-containing Ca9Sr(PO4)6F2 fluorapatites by both solid phase reaction method with subsequent heat treatment and chemical co-precipitation method from solutions of the initial components was investigated. Nanosized zirconium orthophosphate powders NaZr2(PO4)3 were synthesized by the sol-gel method. Hydrated phosphatic matrices KMgPO4·6H2O by a chemical reaction between MgO and KH2PO4 in water at a room temperature were obtained. The requirements for high-level waste matrix were presented. The suitability of the use of synthetic phosphate materials as a matrix for the immobilization of high level nuclear wastes was determined.
INFLUENCE OF MECHANICAL MICRO-DEFECTS ON THE LOCAL POLARIZATION IN DEVICES BASED ON FERROELECTRICS
Authors: Bogorosh A. T. , Voronov S. A. , Mazanko V. F. , Shmatko I. O. , Shmatko O. A. , Shayko-Shaikovsky A. G.
Published: December 2023

The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the effect of the charged micro-defects on a local reversal in the polarized ferroelectric materials. Domain circuit formation given near the surface of charged defects, the surface temperature distribution of the reaction rate and concentration of solute at the surface of the ferroelectric during enteral studies. The changes of amplitude versus frequency wave oscillations and changes in the rate of reaction in the vicinity of the instability microdefect fluctuations, as well as the evolution of the self-oscillation mode, stable and unstable oscillation modes, taking into account features of the fine structure of the hysteresis loop of the local piezoelectric response due to the proximity of the defects. Experimental verification showed that the pulsed electrophysical effects on ferroelectric sample energy is consumed less, but the effect is higher.
Thermodynamics of the Fermi Gas in a Quantum Well
Authors: Poluektov Yu. M. , Soroka A. A.
Published: December 2023

For the ideal Fermi gas that fills a quantum well confined by two parallel planes, there are calculated the thermodynamic characteristics in general form for arbitrary temperatures, namely: the thermodynamic potential, energy, entropy, equations of state, heat capacities and compressibilities. The distance between planes is considered as an additional thermodynamic variable. Owing to the anisotropy, the pressure of the Fermi gas along and transverse to the planes is different, so that the system is characterized by two equations of state and a set of different heat capacities. Limiting cases of low and high temperatures are considered. The temperature dependencies of the entropy and heat capacities at low temperatures remain linear, just as in the volume case, and their dependencies on the chemical potential and density undergo jumps at the beginning of the filling of new discrete levels. It is shown that the behavior of thermodynamic quantities with the distance between plates can be either oscillating or monotonic, depending on what quantity is assumed to be fixed: the volume or surface density. For high temperatures the corrections to thermodynamic quantities are obtained, which are proportional to the ratio of the thermal de Broglie wavelength to the distance between planes.
Plasma Wall Transition and Effects of Geometry in Presheath
Authors: Ahmad S. , Chaudhary K.
Published: December 2023

When plasma interacts with the wall of a conductor, electrons due to high mobility reach the wall first and develop negative potential on the wall and very near to the wall plasma is divided into sheath and presheath regions. The quasi-neutral plasma is shielded from the wall by a space charge sheath of the positive ions of the order of few electrons Debye’s lengths (λD) . At the sheath edge quasi neutrality breaks down from presheath side. In asymptotic limit ε=λD/L → 0 varying area of geometry affects the structure of the presheath scale. In addition to geometry, collisions and ionization also affects the presheath structure. But the sheath region is universal and is independent of either of geometry, ionization rate and collision frequency. The region which play the role of a link between these two regions has characteristics of both regions and is known as intermediate region. Even in the absence of ionization source and collision expanding area of geometry can accelerates the ions towards the wall. The characteristic length of the geometric presheath depends on radius of curvature c R = A/A′ , where “A” is the area of geometry and “A′= dA/dz”. If either of ionization or collisions is present along with the expanding area of geometry then dominant factor for the acceleration of ions in the presheath region is not the expanding area of geometry.
Kinematic Calculation of the 16O(γ,4α) Reaction
Authors: Afanas'ev Sergiy
Published: December 2023

The event distribution over the excitation energy of a system of two α-particles (Ex) is measured for the reaction 16O(γ,4α). It is found that an intermediate excited 8Be nucleus is formed, and the channels of the 8Be nucleus ground state (GS) formation are extracted. After the separation of the GS 8Be nucleus, a broad maximum with a center at ∼ 3 MeV appears in the distribution of Ex, which may correspond to the first excited state of the 8Be nucleus. There are two possible channels for the formation of this state in the reaction - γ + 16O → α1 + 12C* → α1 + α2 + 8Be* →α1 + α2 + α3 + α4 and γ + 16O → 8Be* + 8Be* → (α1 + α2) + (α3 + α4). Each decay mode is reduced to several two-particle systems. For a comprehensive study of the channel for the formation of the first excited state of the 8Be nucleus in the 16O(γ,4α) reaction, a kinematic model for calculating the parameters of α-particles has been developed. The model is based on the assumption of a sequential two-particle decay with the formation of intermediate excited states of 8Be and 12C nuclei. For the kinematic model of the 16O(γ,4α) reaction, a graphical application was created in the Python programming language. The matplotlib library is used for data visualization. To generate random values, a set of functions from the standard random library of the Python programming language is used. Monte Carlo simulations of several distributions for one parameter with a given numerical function were performed. Several excited states of the 12C and 8Be nuclei can contribute to the reaction. The created scheme allows us to choose the relative contribution for each channel of decay, as well as the contribution of a separate level in each channel. To correctly comparison of the experimental data and the results of the kinematic calculation, the α-particles were sorted by energy in such a way that T1sort > T2sort > T3sort > T4sort. As a result of comparing the experimental and calculated data, it was determined that predominantly occurs the process γ + 16O → α1 + 12C* → α1 + α2 + 8Be* → 4α with the formation of the 12C nucleus in states with E0 = 13.3 MeV, E0 = 15.44 MeV, and the 1st excited state of the 8Be nucleus with E0 = 3.04 MeV. The conditions for the identification of α-particles in the experiment for each decay of the stage are determined.
Lateral Photoelectric Effect In Iron-Silicon Dioxide-Compensated Silicon Hybrid Structures
Authors: Arzikulov Eshkuvat U. , Nurimov Alisher D. , Salakhitdinov F.A. , Ashirov U.A. , Sharafova T.S. , Khujanov A.Sh. , Usanov R.M.
Published: December 2023

This article presents experimental results on the technology of obtaining and studying the lateral photoelectric effect (LPE) in hybrid structures (HS) of the Fe/SiO2/p-Si and Fe/SiO2/n-Si types. The technology for obtaining such HS consists of two parts: firstly, obtaining compensated (C), highly compensated (HC), and over-compensated (OC) samples of Si . Secondly, obtaining HS Fe/SiO2/p-Si and Fe/SiO2/n-Si. Based on the results, it is shown that sufficiently good HS has been obtained. Experiments on the study of LPE have shown that in the studied HS there is a pronounced manifestation of the lateral photoelectric effect, the magnitude and nature of which strongly depend on the type of conductivity and resistivity of the compensated silicon. The observed features are explained by the fact that in С, HC, and OC silicon samples, impurities that create deep levels in the silicon band gap form various multi-charged complexes that modulate the energy band of silicon, which lead to significant changes in its physicochemical and generation-recombination properties, which underlies the observed effects. Based on the LPE studies, depending on the contact distance, it is possible to determine the numerical values of the diffusion lengths of the minor current carriers (Lp and Ln), their lifetimes (τp and τn), and diffusion coefficients (Dp and Dn) on the substrate material.
Numerical study of T-Gate AlGaN/AlInGaN/GaN MOSHEMT with Single and Double Barrier for THz Frequency Applications
Authors: Noual Amina , Zitouni Messai , Touati Zine-eddine , Saidani Okba , Yousfi Abderrahim
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the DC analog and AC microwave performance of a state-of-the-art T-gate double barrier AlGaN/AlInGaN/GaN MOSHEMT (Metal Oxide Semiconductor High Electron Mobility Transistor) implemented on a 4H-SiC substrate. The study involves meticulous numerical simulations and an extensive comparison with a single barrier design, utilizing the TCAD-Silvaco software. The observed disparity in performance can be attributed to the utilization of double barrier technology, which enhances electron confinement and current density by augmenting the polarization-induced charge during high-frequency operations. Remarkably, when compared to the single barrier design, the double barrier MOSHEMT exhibits a notable 15% increase in drain current, a 5% increase in transconductance, and an elevated breakdown voltage (VBR) of 140 V in E-mode operation. Furthermore, the radio frequency analysis of the double barrier device showcases exceptional performance, setting new records with a maximum oscillation frequency (fmax) of 1.148 THz and a gain cutoff frequency (ft) of 891 GHz. These impressive results obtained through deck-simulation affirm the immense potential of the proposed double barrier AlGaN/AlInGaN/GaN MOSHEMT for future applications in high-power and terahertz frequency domains.
Surface Electromagnetic TE-Waves Total Internal Reflection
Authors: Galaydych Viktor , Azarenkov Mykola
Published: December 2023

We have considered the refraction of surface electromagnetic waves (SEW) at the heterogeneous metasurface. The considered structure consists of three regions: mu-negative metamaterial, ordinary magnetic, and vacuum. The boundaries between considered media are planar. A phenomenological approach was used; media were assumed to be lossless and isotropic. In this paper, we show the possibility of total internal reflection effect for SEW of TE-polarization that can propagate along such heterogeneous metasurface. The value of the angle of total internal reflection decreases for higher frequency waves from the interval under consideration. The presented result may help design both research and industry complex systems.
Assessment of Indoor Radon Gas Concentration in National Open University of Nigeria: A Case Study of Calabar Study Centre
Authors: Lawal Kolawole M. , Inyang Etido P. , Ibanga Efiong A. , Ayedun Funmilayo
Published: December 2023

The current work deals with indoor radon (222Rn) concentrations measurements in the Calabar Study Centre of the National Open University of Nigeria using a Corentium Arthings digital radon detector meter for seven days representing a short–term average measurement of indoor radon gas concentration level. The geographical coordinates were recorded using a hand-held geographical positioning system for the sample point. Measurement were taken for seven days and the following data where obtained      83±2.19  Bq/m3,80±3.69  Bq/m3,86±5.57  Bq/m3,84±1.59  Bq/m3,82±3.59  Bq/m3,81±4.89  Bq/m3 and 85 ±5.59 Bq/m3.The average radon(222Rn) concentration level was found to be  83 ± 3.87 Bq/m3 with a geometric mean of 82 ± 3.54 Bq/m3. It was observed that the radon concentration was below the reference level of 100 Bq/m3 recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Although the current exposure of members of the public to natural radiation is not critical, the situation could change abruptly when other activities commenced. The excess life time cancer risk calculated for 70 years, 60 years, 50 years, 40 years and 30 years were 1.72 × 10−3,1.65× 10−3,1.39× 10−3,1.44× 10−3  and 0.69× 10−3  respectively. The calculated values of the excess life time cancer risk are all higher than the set limit of 0.029 × 10−3 by International Commission on Radiological Protection. However, there are no observed cases of lung cancer epidemic in this Centre. Therefore, it is advised to use fans and effective ventilation techniques to reduce radon levels. Identifying the regions of the country where people are most at risk from radon exposure should be the main goal of any national radon policy.
FLRW Universe in f(R,Lm) Gravity with Equation of State Parameter
Authors: Shukla Bhupendra Kumar , Tiwari R.K. , Sofuoğlu D. , Beesham A.
Published: December 2023

Available observational data regarding current cosmological characteristics suggest that the universe is, to a large extent, both isotropic and homogeneous on a large scale. In this study, our objective is to analyze the Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) space-time using a perfect fluid distribution. We specifically investigate the framework of f(R, Lm) gravity within certain constraints. To accomplish this, we concentrate on a specific nonlinear f(R, Lm) model, represented by f(R, Lm) = R/2 + Lαm. The field equations are solved using the equation of state parameter of the form of the Chevallier-Polarski-Linder (CPL) parameterization. The deceleration parameter study finds an accelerating universe at late times. The transition redshift is found to be ztr = 0.89 ± 0.25. Also, we discussed the physical and geometrical properties of the model.
Erratum: First-Principles Calculation of Structural, Electronic, and Optical Properties of Cubic Perovskite CsPbF3 [East European Journal Of Physics. 3. 263-270 (2023)]
Authors: Mohammed Zozan Y. , Sami Sarkawt A. , Salih Jalal M.
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this Erratum is to correct a misprint presented in the original article.
ASSESSMENT OF UKRAINE'S COMPETITIVE POSITIONS IN THE INNOVATIVE SPHERE OF CASHLESS PAYMENTS AND DEVELOPMENT PRIORITIES OF THE BANKING SECTOR
Authors: Sidelnyk Olena , Viazovyi Serhii
Published: December 2023

Now more than ever, technological developments are changing the financial ecosystem and the future of banks. New financial technology players, as well as existing technology companies, have begun to provide financial services traditionally provided by banks. At the same time, customers who are increasingly digitally savvy.

to remain competitive against new players, attract customers and reduce costs, the world's major banks have identified digital transformation as a business priority for the coming years.

Therefore, it is extremely important to study the impact of currently innovative forms of non-cash payments on the competitiveness of banks and some of the main factors that contributed to such a transformation.

The work described the definition of "innovation" and "innovative technologies" and their functioning in view of the national experience. The process of settlement regulation from the regulatory and legal support in Ukraine is considered.

The article investigated the optimization of the infrastructure for the use of payment cards, mobile wallets, payment via the Internet, etc.

Quantitative and volume indicators of the use of cash and non-cash payments were analyzed and it was proven that customers still use cash in their payments despite the increase in the trend of non-cash payments.

New forms of innovation used by banks to improve their work and attract new customers are described. Among the main innovations are cashback, Google Pay, Apple Pay, the NFC system.

The perspective of using electronic payments to increase the competitive advantages of banks has been studied.

Concepts of bank development were analyzed taking into account its specialization and based on the analysis of strengths and weaknesses, and the strategies of banks depending on their characteristics were highlighted.
PROCESSING INDUSTRY AS A STRATEGIC DIRECTION OF UKRAINIAN ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Kulakova Svitlana , Zhytnyk Oksana
Published: December 2023

The article examines the processing industry as a strategic direction of the general economic development of the Ukrainian economy. The study analyzed the efficiency of not only the processing industry, but also the industrial sector as a whole. In particular, it was found that the total industrial GDP of Ukraine, determined by the production method, in 2021 amounted to UAH 1,111,762 million, of which 50.42%, or UAH 560,527 million, belonged to enterprises in the processing sector. At the same time, among all sectors of the economy, the specific weight of the processing industry in the GDP for 2021 is 10.28%. This makes processing production one of the key types of economic activity of the national economy of Ukraine, and, accordingly, defines it as strategically important for improving the socio-economic well-being of the population.

The authors paid special attention to highlighting the importance of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) for the development of the processing industry of Ukraine. MSMEs account for more than 99% of the number of business entities in the studied production area, and therefore, strengthening the competitiveness of enterprises of these types will have a positive impact on the overall growth of the Ukrainian economy.

The next stage of the research focused on the analysis of the productivity of the processing industry of the European Union. The dominance of the studied industry among other sectors of the EU industry was established. Germany and France can be called leaders in the processing sphere among European countries, while Poland lags significantly behind them in terms of added value.

Ukraine is an active candidate for joining the European Union.Thus, in addition to the adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to European standards, it is also necessary to increase the level of efficiency of the enterprises of the processing industry. In this case, it is important to strengthen the competitiveness of Ukrainian industrial products on the European market with the aim of constantly increasing the volume of exports of Ukrainian industrial goods to European countries. The authors found out that the balance of foreign trade turnover of Ukraine in 2022 as a result of trade with the EU amounted to 1.8 billion dollars.