bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MiR‐143‐5p regulates the proangiogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells by targeting HIF‐1α/RORA under hypoxia: A laboratory investigation in pulp regeneration
Authors: Meng Zijun , Zhong Xiaoyi , Liang Dan , Ma Xuemeng , Chen Wenxia , He Xuan
Published: August 2024

Aim

Angiogenesis is a key event in the successful healing of pulp injuries, and hypoxia is the main stimulator of pulpal angiogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effect of hypoxia on the proangiogenic potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and the role of miR‐143‐5p in the process.

Methodology

Human dental pulp stem cells were isolated, cultured and characterized in vitro. Cobalt chloride (CoCl2) was used to induce hypoxia in hDPSCs. CCK‐8 and Transwell assays were used to determine the effect of hypoxia on hDPSCs proliferation and migration. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), Western blotting (WB) and ELISA were performed to assess the mRNA and protein levels of HIF‐1α and angiogenic cytokines in hDPSCs. The effect of hypoxia on hDPSCs proangiogenic potential was measured in vitro using Matrigel tube formation and chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assays. Recombinant lentiviral vectors were constructed to stably overexpress or inhibit miR‐143‐5p in hDPSCs, and the proangiogenic effects were assessed using qRT‐PCR, WB, and tube formation assays. miR‐143‐5p target genes were identified and verified using bioinformatics prediction tools, dual‐luciferase reporter assays and RNA pull‐down experiments. Finally, a subcutaneous transplantation model in nude mice was used to determine the effects of hypoxia treatment and miR‐143‐5p overexpression/inhibition in hDPSCs in dental pulp regeneration.

Results

Hypoxia promotes hDPSCs proliferation, migration and proangiogenic potential. The in vivo experiments showed that hypoxia treatment (50 and 100 μM CoCl2) promoted pulp angiogenesis and dentine formation. In contrast to the levels of proangiogenic factors, miR‐143‐5p levels decreased with increasing CoCl2 concentration. miR‐143‐5p inhibition significantly promoted proangiogenic potential of hDPSCs, whereas miR‐143‐5p overexpression inhibited angiogenesis in vitro. Dual‐luciferase reporter assay identified retinoic acid receptor‐related orphan receptor alpha (RORA) as an miR‐143‐5p target gene in hDPSCs. RNA pull‐down experiments demonstrated that HIF‐1α and RORA were pulled down by biotin‐labelled miR‐143‐5p, and the levels of HIF‐1α and RORA bound to miR‐143‐5p in the hypoxia group were lower than those in the normoxia group. Inhibition of miR‐143‐5p expression in hDPSCs promoted ectopic dental pulp tissue regeneration.

Conclusions

CoCl2‐induced hypoxia promotes hDPSCs‐driven paracrine angiogenesis and pulp regeneration. The inhibition of miR‐143‐5p upregulates the proangiogenic potential of hDPSCs under hypoxic conditions by directly targeting HIF‐1α and RORA.
The utility of artificial intelligence platforms for patient‐generated questions in Mohs micrographic surgery: a multi‐national, blinded expert panel evaluation
Authors: Lauck Kyle C. , Cho Seo Won , DaCunha Matthew , Wuennenberg John , Aasi Sumaira , Alam Murad , Arron Sarah T. , Bar Anna , Brodland David G. , Cerci Felipe B. , Cohen Joel L. , Coldiron Brett , Council M. Laurin , Harmon Christopher B. , Hruza George , Läuchli Severin , Moody Brent R. , Wysong Ashley S. , Zitelli John A. , Tolkachjov Stanislav N.
Published: August 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) and large language models (LLMs) transform how patients inform themselves. LLMs offer potential as educational tools, but their quality depends upon the information generated. Current literature examining AI as an informational tool in dermatology has been limited in evaluating AI's multifaceted roles and diversity of opinions. Here, we evaluate LLMs as a patient‐educational tool for Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS) in and out of the clinic utilizing an international expert panel.

Methods

The most common patient MMS questions were extracted from Google and transposed into two LLMs and Google's search engine. 15 MMS surgeons evaluated the generated responses, examining their appropriateness as a patient‐facing informational platform, sufficiency of response in a clinical environment, and accuracy of content generated. Validated scales were employed to assess the comprehensibility of each response.

Results

The majority of reviewers deemed all LLM responses appropriate. 75% of responses were rated as mostly accurate or higher. ChatGPT had the highest mean accuracy. The majority of the panel deemed 33% of responses sufficient for clinical practice. The mean comprehensibility scores for all platforms indicated a required 10th‐grade reading level.

Conclusions

LLM‐generated responses were rated as appropriate patient informational sources and mostly accurate in their content. However, these platforms may not provide sufficient information to function in a clinical environment, and complex comprehensibility may represent a barrier to utilization. As the popularity of these platforms increases, it is important for dermatologists to be aware of these limitations.
Aucubin suppresses TLR4/NF‐κB signalling to shift macrophages toward M2 phenotype in glucocorticoid‐associated osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Yue Chen , Cui Guofeng , Cheng Yan , Zhang Xue , Sheng Hong‐feng , Yang Yidan , Guo Jiayi , Liu Youwen , Xu Bin
Published: August 2024

In this study, we investigated whether the ability of aucubin to mitigate the pathology of GONFH involves suppression of TLR4/NF‐κB signalling and promotion of macrophage polarization to an M2 phenotype. In necrotic bone tissues from GONFH patients, we compared levels of pro‐inflammatory M1 macrophages and anti‐inflammatory M2 macrophages as well as levels of TLR4/NF‐κB signalling. In a rat model of GONFH, we examined the effects of aucubin on these parameters. We further explored its mechanism of action in a cell culture model of M1 macrophages. Necrotic bone tissues from GONFH patients contained a significantly increased macrophage M1/M2 ratio, and higher levels of TLR4, MYD88 and NF‐κB p65 than bone tissues from patients with hip osteoarthritis. Treating GONFH rats with aucubin mitigated bone necrosis and demineralization as well as destruction of trabecular bone and marrow in a dose‐dependent manner, based on micro‐computed tomography. These therapeutic effects were associated with a decrease in the overall number of macrophages, decrease in the proportion of M1 macrophages, increase in the proportion of M2 macrophages, and downregulation of TLR4, MYD88 and NF‐κB p65. These effects in vivo were confirmed by treating cultures of M1 macrophage‐like cells with aucubin. Aucubin mitigates bone pathology in GONFH by suppressing TLR4/NF‐κB signalling to shift macrophages from a pro‐ to anti‐inflammatory phenotype.
One fish, two fish, three fish, more: novel resighting method produces precise and cost‐effective estimates of abundance
Authors: Dennis Joshua D. , Meyer Lauren , Dudgeon Christine L. , Huveneers Charlie
Published: August 2024

Estimates of abundance are essential to manage and conserve marine species. Numerous methods are available to determine population size, but the suitability of methods for schooling fishes and the associated precision can vary depending on the species and system. Here, we developed and compared three mark‐recapture/resight methods to assess the most robust method to estimate the abundance of silver trevally (Pseudocaranx georgianus). While the recapture rate was similar across the methods, the swim pass method (resighting) recorded the largest number of individuals (mean ± standard error 211 ± 14.9) and had the lowest coefficient of variation (CV; 4.5%–12%) compared to 360‐video (resighting, 45 ± 2.1 individuals surveyed, 14.8%–22.2% CV) and large‐scale capture methods (recapture, 30 ± 3.8 individuals surveyed, 17.3%–26.5% CV). The inclusion of individual identification into the abundance estimator models for large‐scale capture did not change the abundance estimates and showed similar resolution between the models (CV 18.2%–26.7%). We showed that the swim pass method is logistically easy to implement and generates precise estimates of silver trevally abundance. This new method provides a low‐cost, time‐efficient resighting method that can be adapted to suit similar aggregating pelagic species interacting with wildlife tourism operations, enabling researchers to rapidly estimate the abundance of species that have been previously difficult to count.
Action plans increase advance care planning documentation and engagement among English and Spanish‐speaking older adults
Authors: Ferguson Clarissa M. , Gilissen Joni , Scheerens Charlotte , Volow Aiesha , Powell Jana , Shi Ying , McMahan Ryan , Barnes Deborah , Sudore Rebecca L.
Published: August 2024

Background

Advance care planning (ACP) has been reconceptualized as a health behavior. Action plans (APs), or patient‐directed mini contracts, improve behavior change. However, no prior studies have assessed whether APs can increase ACP documentation and engagement.

Methods

We included English and Spanish‐speaking primary care patients from San Francisco, ≥55 years of age, with ≥2 serious or chronic illnesses. Participants were in the intervention arm of the PREPAREforYOURcare.org trial and asked at baseline to choose 1 of 5 actions (e.g., choose a surrogate). At 6 months, we assessed whether participants completed their AP and if completion was associated with demographics, electronic health record (EHR) ACP documentation, and five‐point ACP Engagement Survey scores. We used t‐tests, chi‐squared, multivariate analysis adjusted for baseline ACP and clustering by physician, and qualitative thematic analysis to explore reasons for non‐completion.

Results

The mean age of 586 participants was 65 ± 10 years; 44.0% women, 45.9% Spanish‐speaking, 31.4% had limited health literacy, and 43% completed an AP at 6 months; surrogate‐related (47.4%), tell others about medical wishes (33.7%), ask clinicians questions (13.7%), and decide what matters most in life (5.2%). Participants with limited versus adequate health literacy were less likely to complete an AP (25.4% vs 35.9%, p = 0.01). Completing an AP was associated with greater ACP EMR documentation 49.8% vs 35.6%, p < 0.001 (adjusted odds ratio: 2.06; 95% CI [1.43–2.97]) and engagement (adjusted five‐point scores [3.69; 95% CI 3.57–3.81 vs 3.10; 95% CI: 2.98–3.21], p < 0.001). Themes for non‐completion included not being ready and logistical issues (e.g., surrogate deceased).

Conclusions

Among English and Spanish‐speaking older adults, creating an ACP AP resulted in greater documentation and engagement. APs may help facilitate ACP behavior change as part of effective ACP interventions. Additional support may be needed for patients with limited health literacy and those facing logistical barriers.
Dynamin‐2 mutations linked to neonatal‐onset centronuclear myopathy impair exocytosis and endocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells
Authors: Bayonés Lucas , Guerra‐Fernández María José , Figueroa‐Cares Cindel , Gallo Luciana I. , Alfonso‐Bueno Samuel , Caspe Octavio , Canal María Pilar , Báez‐Matus Ximena , González‐Jamett Arlek , Cárdenas Ana M. , Marengo Fernando D.
Published: August 2024

Dynamins are large GTPases whose primary function is not only to catalyze membrane scission during endocytosis but also to modulate other cellular processes, such as actin polymerization and vesicle trafficking. Recently, we reported that centronuclear myopathy associated dynamin‐2 mutations, p.A618T, and p.S619L, impair Ca2+‐induced exocytosis of the glucose transporter GLUT4 containing vesicles in immortalized human myoblasts. As exocytosis and endocytosis occur within rapid timescales, here we applied high‐temporal resolution techniques, such as patch‐clamp capacitance measurements and carbon‐fiber amperometry to assess the effects of these mutations on these two cellular processes, using bovine chromaffin cells as a study model. We found that the expression of any of these dynamin‐2 mutants inhibits a dynamin and F‐actin‐dependent form of fast endocytosis triggered by single action potential stimulus, as well as inhibits a slow compensatory endocytosis induced by 500 ms square depolarization. Both dynamin‐2 mutants further reduced the exocytosis induced by 500 ms depolarizations, and the frequency of release events and the recruitment of neuropeptide Y (NPY)‐labeled vesicles to the cell cortex after stimulation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors with 1,1‐dimethyl‐4‐phenyl piperazine iodide (DMPP). They also provoked a significant decrease in the Ca2+‐induced formation of new actin filaments in permeabilized chromaffin cells. In summary, our results indicate that the centronuclear myopathy (CNM)‐linked p.A618T and p.S619L mutations in dynamin‐2 affect exocytosis and endocytosis, being the disruption of F‐actin dynamics a possible explanation for these results. These impaired cellular processes might underlie the pathogenic mechanisms associated with these mutations.

image
What Makes a Movement Human‐Like?
Authors: Yang Xiaoyue , Cheng Miao , Fujiwara Ken , Kitamura Yoshifumi , Shioiri Satoshi , Tseng Chiahuei
Published: August 2024

With the advancement of AI‐generated human motion, it is of increasing importance to think about how we distinguish real human motion from machine‐generated movements. In this study, we recruited professional performers to use the whole body to make a short movement to inform potential observers that they are real humans (instead of machines). Their movements were captured with a motion capture system (Vicon) and later reduced to dynamic point‐like displays (biological motion). They were interviewed after the recording to provide their acting strategies. Naive observers who did not participate in the motion data collection were recruited to watch these videos and judge whether the biological motions looked human‐like or not (YES/NO), as well as to report their judging criteria. The major factors extracted from these reports include kinematics, context, body mechanics, and principles of physical laws. We discuss the impact of these criteria and how they may possibly help improve the future generation of human‐like motions.
Insulin resistance and periodontitis: Mediation by blood pressure
Authors: Kalhan Ashish C. , Kalhan Tosha A. , Romandini Mario , Bitencourt Fernando V. , Cooray Upul M. P. , Leite Fábio R. M. , Nascimento Gustavo G.
Published: August 2024

Aim

This study investigated the association between the triglyceride‐glucose (TyG) index, a surrogate marker of insulin resistance, and moderate/severe periodontitis and the role of blood pressure as a mediator in this association. A second aim was to assess the role of cardiometabolic conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia as potential effect modifiers.

Methods

Data from 5733 US adults aged 30–64 years and with complete periodontal examination were analyzed (NHANES 2011–2014). Participants were classified as having moderate/severe periodontitis or mild/no periodontitis according to the CDC/AAP criteria as the outcome. The exposure was the TyG index, while both systolic (SBP), and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were tested as mediators using parametric g‐formula. Analyses were adjusted for relevant confounders, namely, age, sex, ethnicity, poverty‐income ratio, and smoking, using inverse probability treatment weighting. Obesity status (based on a body mass index ≥30 kg/m2), self‐report of hypertension and dyslipidemia (calculated based on the thresholds provided by National Cholesterol Education Program‐Adult Treatment Panel‐III) were tested as effect modifiers.

Results

The findings showed the TyG index to be associated with increased odds of moderate/severe periodontitis [odds ratio (OR), 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.17 (1.11–1.23)], with 50% of the total effect mediated by SBP. Stratified analysis showed a stronger association in individuals with obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia compared to those without these conditions. However, in those taking anti‐hypertensive medications, the association was partially mitigated. Sensitivity analysis using imputed data showed consistent results.

Conclusion

The TyG index was associated with increased odds of moderate/severe periodontitis, especially in individuals with obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. SBP levels partially mediated this association.
Anti‐Exceptionalism about Logic (Part I): From Naturalism to Anti‐Exceptionalism
Authors: Martin Ben , Thomassen Hjortland Ole
Published: August 2024

According to anti‐exceptionalism about logic (AEL), logic is not as exceptional in terms of its epistemology and subject matter as has been conventionally thought. Whereas logic's epistemology has often been considered distinct from those of the recognised sciences, in virtue of being both non‐inferential and a priori, it is in fact neither. Logics are justified on the basis of similar mechanisms of theory‐choice as theories in the sciences, and further the sources of evidence which inform these theory choices are (at least) not wholly a priori. In this first part of a two‐part entry on AEL, we trace these epistemological elements of AEL back to Quine's naturalism and evidential holism, but then highlight important differences between the motivations and commitments of Quine's version of AEL and those within the contemporary literature. This demonstrates the need to assess contemporary anti‐exceptionalist positions on their own merits, rather than treating them as mere reincarnations of Quine's evidential holism.
Sorbitol metabolism plays a key role in the differential accumulation of sugar in two plum cultivars
Authors: Du Mei , Gao Linduo , Ren Jun , Pan Xuejun , Zhu Yongchao
Published: August 2024

Sugar is vital for plant growth and determines fruit quality via its content and composition. This study explores the differential sugar accumulation in two plum varieties, ‘Fengtangli (FTL)’ and ‘Siyueli (SYL)’. The result showed that ‘FTL’ fruit displayed higher soluble solids and sugar content at various development stages. Metabolomic analysis indicated increased sorbitol in ‘FTL’, linked to elevated sorbitol‐6‐phosphate‐dehydrogenase (S6PDH) activity. Transcriptome analysis identified a key gene for sorbitol synthesis, PsS6PDH4, which was significantly higher expressed in ‘FTL’ than in ‘SYL’. The function of the PsS6PDH4 gene was verified in strawberry, apple, and plum fruits using transient overexpression and virus‐induced gene silencing techniques. The results showed that overexpression of the PsS6PDH4 gene in strawberry, apple, and plum fruits promoted the accumulation of soluble solids content and sorbitol, while inhibition of the gene reduced soluble solids content and sorbitol content. Meanwhile, analysis of the relationship between PsS6PDH4 gene expression, sorbitol, and soluble solids content in four different plum varieties revealed a significant correlation between PsS6PDH4 gene expression and soluble solids content as well as sorbitol content. This research discovered PsS6PDH4 as a crucial regulator of sugar metabolism in plum, with potential applications in improving fruit sweetness and nutritional value in various fruit species. Understanding these molecular pathways can lead to innovative approaches for enhancing fruit quality, benefiting sustainable agriculture and consumer preferences in the global fruit industry.
Determinants and value of corporate social responsibility management: Empirical evidence from the insurance industry
Authors: Brasch Tim , Eckert Christian
Published: August 2024

The aim of this paper is to empirically study corporate social responsibility management in the insurance industry, which has received increased attention in recent years. For this purpose, we use data from LSEG (former REFINITIV) over a period of 11 years (2010–2020) taking into account companies from the United States, Europe, China, and Japan, and analyze the determinants and the value of corporate social responsibility management. Our results show that larger insurers exhibit significantly better corporate social responsibility management. Moreover, focusing on the recent past we find an indication of the value‐relevance of a holistic corporate social responsibility management. Hence, our findings reveal that it might be economically rational for insurance companies to become more sustainable. Therefore, it might be that the insurance market is able to move towards a more sustainable direction on its own, finally, reducing the importance of regulatory interventions in this regard.
Spontaneous resolution and bone regeneration in hemophilic pseudotumor: A rare case report and literature review
Authors: Singh Khushboo , Gupta Sunita , Aggarwal Sunita
Published: August 2024

Aim

Hemophilic pseudotumor (HP) is a very rare complication of hemophilia seen in only 1–2% of the cases. Although it is much more common in long bones, pelvis and small bones of hands and feet and very rarely involving jaw bones.

Method and result

In the present case, the presence of a rare hemophilic pseudotumor of the mandible with the positive history of Hemophilia B justifies that the history, clinical and radiological examinations were sufficient to arrive at conclusive diagnosis precluding invasive diagnostic procedures such as biopsy hence avoiding the risk of hemorrhage, infection, or fistula. This case also highlights that patient was conservatively managed with Factor IX replacement alone with a very good clinical outcome.

Conclusion

HP should be considered as a differential diagnosis of any progressive swelling of hard and soft tissues occurring in a patient with severe haemophilia.
BRASSINOSTEROID‐SIGNALING KINASE 1 modulates OPEN STOMATA 1 phosphorylation and contributes to stomatal closure and plant immunity
Authors: Gao Chenyang , Zhao Yaofei , Wang Wei , Zhang Beibei , Huang Xiahe , Wang Yingchun , Tang Dingzhong
Published: August 2024

Stomatal movement plays a critical role in plant immunity by limiting the entry of pathogens. OPEN STOMATA 1 (OST1) is a key component that mediates stomatal closure in plants, however, how OST1 functions in response to pathogens is not well understood. RECEPTOR‐LIKE KINASE 902 (RLK902) phosphorylates BRASSINOSTEROID‐SIGNALING KINASE 1 (BSK1) and positively modulates plant resistance. In this study, by a genome‐wide phosphorylation analysis, we found that the phosphorylation of BSK1 and OST1 was missing in the rlk902 mutant compared with the wild‐type plants, indicating a potential connection between the RLK902‐BSK1 module and OST1‐mediated stomatal closure. We showed that RLK902 and BSK1 contribute to stomatal immunity, as the stomatal closure induced by the bacterial pathogen Pto DC3000 was impaired in rlk902 and bsk1‐1 mutants. Stomatal immunity mediated by RLK902 was dependent on BSK1 phosphorylation at Ser230, a key phosphorylation site for BSK1 functions. Several phosphorylation sites of OST1 were important for RLK902‐ and BSK1‐mediated stomatal immunity. Interestingly, the phosphorylation of Ser171 and Ser175 in OST1 contributed to the stomatal immunity mediated by RLK902 but not by BSK1, while phosphorylation of OST1 at Ser29 and Thr176 residues was critical for BSK1‐mediated stomatal immunity. Taken together, these results indicate that RLK902 and BSK1 contribute to disease resistance via OST1‐mediated stomatal closure. This work revealed a new function of BSK1 in activating stomatal immunity, and the role of RLK902‐BSK1 and OST1 module in regulating pathogen‐induced stomatal movement.
A characterization of strong percolation via disconnection
Authors: Duminil‐Copin Hugo , Goswami Subhajit , Rodriguez Pierre‐François , Severo Franco , Teixeira Augusto
Published: August 2024

We consider a percolation model, the vacant set of random interlacements on , , in the regime of parameters in which it is strongly percolative. By definition, such values of pinpoint a robust subset of the supercritical phase, with strong quantitative controls on large local clusters. In the present work, we give a new characterization of this regime in terms of a single property, monotone in , involving a disconnection estimate for . A key aspect is to exhibit a gluing property for large local clusters from this information alone, and a major challenge in this undertaking is the fact that the conditional law of exhibits degeneracies. As one of the main novelties of this work, the gluing technique we develop to merge large clusters accounts for such effects. In particular, our methods do not rely on the widely assumed finite‐energy property, which the set does not possess. The characterization we derive plays a decisive role in the proof of a lasting conjecture regarding the coincidence of various critical parameters naturally associated to in the companion article [Duminil‐Copin, Goswami, Rodriguez, Severo, and Teixeira, Phase transition for the vacant set of random walk and random interlacements, arXiv:2308.07919, 2023].
A combinatorial take on hierarchical hyperbolicity and applications to quotients of mapping class groups
Authors: Behrstock Jason , Hagen Mark , Martin Alexandre , Sisto Alessandro
Published: August 2024

We give a simple combinatorial criterion, in terms of an action on a hyperbolic simplicial complex, for a group to be hierarchically hyperbolic. We apply this to show that quotients of mapping class groups by large powers of Dehn twists are hierarchically hyperbolic (and even relatively hyperbolic in the genus 2 case). In genus at least three, there are no known infinite hyperbolic quotients of mapping class groups. However, using the hierarchically hyperbolic quotients we construct, we show, under a residual finiteness assumption, that mapping class groups have many nonelementary hyperbolic quotients. Using these quotients, we relate questions of Reid and Bridson–Reid–Wilton about finite quotients of mapping class groups to residual finiteness of specific hyperbolic groups.
Long-read sequencing reveals extensive gut phageome structural variations driven by genetic exchange with bacterial hosts
Authors: Lai Senying , Wang Huarui , Bork Peer , Chen Wei-Hua , Zhao Xing-Ming
Published: August 2024

Genetic variations are instrumental for unraveling phage evolution and deciphering their functional implications. Here, we explore the underlying fine-scale genetic variations in the gut phageome, especially structural variations (SVs). By using virome-enriched long-read metagenomic sequencing across 91 individuals, we identified a total of 14,438 nonredundant phage SVs and revealed their prevalence within the human gut phageome. These SVs are mainly enriched in genes involved in recombination, DNA methylation, and antibiotic resistance. Notably, a substantial fraction of phage SV sequences share close homology with bacterial fragments, with most SVs enriched for horizontal gene transfer (HGT) mechanism. Further investigations showed that these SV sequences were genetic exchanged between specific phage-bacteria pairs, particularly between phages and their respective bacterial hosts. Temperate phages exhibit a higher frequency of genetic exchange with bacterial chromosomes and then virulent phages. Collectively, our findings provide insights into the genetic landscape of the human gut phageome.
The iron nitrogenase reduces carbon dioxide to formate and methane under physiological conditions: A route to feedstock chemicals
Authors: Oehlmann Niels N. , Schmidt Frederik V. , Herzog Marcello , Goldman Annelise L. , Rebelein Johannes G.
Published: August 2024

Nitrogenases are the only known enzymes that reduce molecular nitrogen (N
2
) to ammonia. Recent findings have demonstrated that nitrogenases also reduce the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide (CO
2
), suggesting CO
2
to be a competitor of N
2
. However, the impact of omnipresent CO
2
on N
2
fixation has not been investigated to date. Here, we study the competing reduction of CO
2
and N
2
by the two nitrogenases of
Rhodobacter capsulatus
, the molybdenum and the iron nitrogenase. The iron nitrogenase is almost threefold more efficient in CO
2
reduction and profoundly less selective for N
2
than the molybdenum isoform under mixtures of N
2
and CO
2
. Correspondingly, the growth rate of diazotrophically grown
R. capsulatus
strains relying on the iron nitrogenase notably decreased after adding CO
2
. The in vivo CO
2
activity of the iron nitrogenase facilitates the light-driven extracellular accumulation of formate and methane, one-carbon substrates for other microbes, and feedstock chemicals for a circular economy.
The reggeon model with the pomeron and odderon: renormalization group approach
Authors: Braun M. A. , Kuzminskii E. M. , Vyazovsky M. I.
Published: August 2024

The Regge–Gribov model of the pomeron and odderon in nontrivial transverse space is studied by the renormalization group technique. The single-loop approximation is adopted. Five real fixed points are found, and the high-energy behavior of the propagators is correspondingly calculated. As without the odderon, the asymptotic is modulated by logarithms of energy in certain rational powers. Movement of coupling constants away from the fixed points is investigated both analytically (close to the fixed points) and numerically (far away). In the former case, attraction occurs only in restricted domains of initial coupling constants. More generally, in one third of the cases the coupling constants instead grow large, indicating the breakdown of the single-loop approximation.
Disentangling left and right-handed neutrino effects in $$B\rightarrow K^{(*)}\nu \nu $$
Authors: Rosauro-Alcaraz S. , Leal L. P. S.
Published: August 2024

The first observation of $$\mathcal {B}\left( B^+\rightarrow K^+\nu \nu \right) $$

B

B
+

→

K
+

ν
ν

by the Belle II experiment lies almost $$3\sigma $$

3
σ

away from the Standard Model expectation. In this letter we study this result in the SMEFT, extended by a light right-handed neutrino. We explore the correlations between the measured decay rate and other observables, such as $$\mathcal {B}\left( B\rightarrow K^*\nu \nu \right) $$

B

B
→

K
∗

ν
ν

and $$F_L\left( B\rightarrow K^*\nu \nu \right) $$

F
L

B
→

K
∗

ν
ν

, showing that they could disentangle among scenarios involving left-handed neutrinos and those with the right-handed ones. Furthermore, we find that the high-$$p_T$$

p
T

tails of Drell–Yan processes studied at LHC provide important constraints that help us exclude some of the scenarios consistent with the Belle II result.
New features of circular geodesics in Kalb–Ramond gravity: an autonomous dynamical system approach
Authors: Volotskova Rezeda R. , Palit Aniruddha , Mihaylov Pavel N. , Potapov A. A.
Published: August 2024

Kalb–Ramond gravity is expected to show the signatures of the low energy limit of the Lorentz violating extension of the standard model of particle physics. To understand the theory further, we study the circular geodesics belonging to a class of exact solutions [found recently by Lessa, Silva, Maluf, Almeida (LSMA)] by posing them as a Hamiltonian dynamical autonomous system. The analysis on the phase space for relevant values of the Lorentz violating parameters reveals for the first time a wealth of novel information that include prediction of homoclinic orbits, saddle points, separatrices that are not available from the conventional analysis. Their image on the actual physical space is discussed.
Shower formation constraints on cubic Lorentz invariance violation parameters in quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Satunin Petr , Sharofeev Andrey
Published: August 2024

We present shower formation constraints on the Lorentz invariance violation (LIV) energy scale for photons with a cubic dispersion relation from recent gamma-ray observations in the 100 TeV–PeV energy range by the Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO). We assume a Myers–Pospelov effective field theory framework, and calculate the suppression for the Bethe–Heitler process which is mainly responsible for the formation of photon-initiated atmospheric showers. Comparing the high-energy photon events with the suppressed flux predictions, we obtain $$95\%$$

95
%

CL constraints on the LIV energy scale. The obtained shower constraint $$E_\textrm{LIV} \gtrsim \mathcal {O} \left( 10^{20} \text{ GeV }\right) $$

E
LIV

≳
O

10
20

GeV

is significantly weaker than existing birefringence constraints but is independent.
Electrical Equipment Knowledge Graph Embedding Using Language Model with Self-learned Prompts
Authors: Yang Hong , Meng Xiaokai , Yu Hua , Bai Yang , Han Yu , Liu Yongxin
Published: August 2024

In recent years, knowledge graphs have had a significant impact across diverse domains. Notably, the power knowledge graph has garnered considerable attention as high-performance database. However, its untapped reasoning capabilities offer an enticing avenue for exploration. One of the main reasons is the sparsity of power grid datasets, especially electrical equipment knowledge graph. Because of the scarcity of high-risk records, there exists a large number of long tail entities and long tail relations. To address this challenge, we introduce a novel text-based model called GELMSP (Graph Embedding using Language Model with Self-learned Prompts). We employ a bi-encoder structure along with a contrastive learning strategy to expedite the training process. Additionally, our approach incorporates a self-learned prompt mechanism that generates prompts for specific situations without the need for any additional information, known as self-learning. This harnesses the power of pre-trained language models to comprehend the semantic nuances within the entities and relationships of the knowledge graph. Adopting this innovative method enables our model to effectively handle sparse datasets, leading to a comprehensive understanding of interconnectedness within the knowledge graph. Additionally, we demonstrate the efficacy of our model through extensive experiments and comparisons against baseline methods, reaffirming its potential in advancing the state-of-the-art in electrical equipment defect diagnosis.
Analysis of Joint Injury Prevention in Basketball Overload Training Based on Adjustable Embedded Systems
Authors: Diao Rong
Published: August 2024

Basketball is a competitive sport, and athletes often choose to increase training intensity and difficulty in order to achieve better results. This inevitably leads to joint damage. Therefore, this study aims to explore prevention strategies for joint injuries during basketball overload training based on adjustable embedded systems. This study proposes a prevention strategy based on an adjustable embedded system to address the issue of athlete joint injuries during basketball overload training. This system integrates advanced sensor technology and real-time data analysis algorithms, aiming to monitor and analyze key parameters of basketball players during overload training in real time. The system consists of adjustable hardware devices and intelligent software platforms, which can accurately capture key information such as athlete’s motion data, strength output, and joint angles. Based on the results of real-time data analysis, the system can intelligently adjust training intensity, frequency, and methods. In addition, the system can provide personalized training suggestions based on the individual characteristics and training goals of athletes, helping them improve their technical movements and optimize training effectiveness. Through extensive experimental verification and practical application, this study demonstrates the effectiveness of joint injury prevention strategies for basketball overload training based on adjustable embedded systems. This system can not only effectively prevent joint injuries among athletes, but also improve the scientific and targeted nature of training, providing strong support for the training of basketball players.
Algebraic structure of the renormalization group in the renormalizable QFT theories
Authors: Kataev A. L. , Stepanyantz K. V.
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we consider the group formed by finite renormalizations as an infinite-dimensional Lie group. It is demonstrated that for the finite renormalization of the gauge coupling constant, its generators [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] satisfy the commutation relations of the Witt algebra and, therefore, form its subalgebra. The commutation relations are also written for the more general case when finite renormalizations are made for both the coupling constant and matter fields. We also construct the generator of the Abelian subgroup corresponding to the changes of the renormalization scale. The explicit expressions for the renormalization group generators are written in the case when they act on the [Formula: see text]-function and the anomalous dimension. It is explained how the finite changes of these functions under the finite renormalizations can be obtained with the help of the exponential map.
The JWST and standard cosmology
Authors: Coley A. A.
Published: August 2024

Recent observations from the James Webb Space Telescope have identified a population of massive galaxy sources ([Formula: see text]) at [Formula: see text]–10, formed less than 700[Formula: see text]Myr after the Big Bang. Such massive galaxies do not have enough time to form within the standard cosmological model, and hence these observations pose a significant challenge. A number of possible solutions to this problem have been put forward. In this essay, we discuss two more theoretical and speculative possibilities.
The interaction of gravitational waves with matter
Authors: Bishop Nigel T. , Kakkat Vishnu , Kubeka Amos S. , Naidoo Monos , van der Walt Petrus J.
Published: August 2024

It is well known that gravitational waves (GWs) undergo no absorption or dissipation when traversing through a perfect fluid. However, in the presence of a viscous fluid, GWs transfer energy to the fluid medium. In this paper, we present a review of our recent series of results regarding the interaction between GWs and surrounding matter. Additionally, we examine the impact of a viscous fluid shell on GW propagation, focusing particularly on GW damping and GW heating. Furthermore, we explore the significance of these effects in various astrophysical scenarios such as core-collapse supernovae and primordial GWs.
Evolution and fluctuations of chiral chemical potential in heavy ion collisions
Authors: Kovalenko Vladimir
Published: August 2024

The possible appearance of the effects of local parity breaking in the QCD medium formed in heavy ion collisions due to violation of chiral symmetry can be quantified by corresponding chiral chemical potential [Formula: see text]. The experimental observables sensitive to the effects of local parity violation in strong interaction include search for polarization splitting of the [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] mesons via angular dependence of spectral functions in their decay to leptons. In this paper, we study the space-time evolution and fluctuations of [Formula: see text] using relativistic hydrodynamics and estimate their effect on the light vector meson polarization splitting in Pb–Pb collisions at LHC energy.
A NOVEL HYBRID APPROACH FOR LOCAL FRACTIONAL LANDAU–GINZBURG–HIGGS EQUATION DESCRIBING FRACTAL HEAT FLOW IN SUPERCONDUCTORS
Authors: SINGH JAGDEV , DUBEY VED PRAKASH , KUMAR DEVENDRA , DUBEY SARVESH , SAJID MOHAMMAD
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we investigate the fractal nature of the local fractional Landau–Ginzburg–Higgs Equation (LFLGHE) describing nonlinear waves with weak scattering in a fractal medium. The main goal of the paper is to introduce and apply the Local Fractional Elzaki Variational Iteration Method (LFEVIM) for solution of LFLGHE. Convergence analysis of LFEVIM solution for general nonlinear local fractional partial differential equation is also provided. Two examples of the local fractional LFLGHE are considered to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed technique with numerical simulations on Cantor set.
Application of Supplementary Inerter-Based Damping Devices Alongside Unbonded Fiber-Reinforced Elastomeric Isolators
Authors: Prakash Shiv , Jangid R. S.
Published: August 2024

Earthquakes have always been a menace to the lives and properties of human beings since the beginning of modern times. Several methods have been proposed since to mitigate the various types of seismic hazards, base isolation being one of them. The base-isolated structures being very effective for general far-fault earthquakes, are, however susceptible to high responses under near-fault ground motions; thus, several inerter-based supplementary damping devices have been proposed in this study to be applied alongside a highly nonlinear and effective unbonded fiber-reinforced elastomeric isolators (UFEI) system. The dampers are optimally designed and comparatively investigated with the isolation system for mitigation of a wide range of ground motions to the benchmark structure. Furthermore, two parametric studies were also carried out, which investigated the effect of the inertance-mass ratio and floor connectivity of the grounded damper on various responses of the isolator-damper-structure system. The parametric results are further used to suggest the best configuration and inertance-mass ratios for various dampers for effective seismic mitigation of the aforementioned base-isolated structure. The results show an effective reduction in seismic responses with the use of optimal inerter-based dampers in UFEI-isolated structures.
Seismic Design and Performance Evaluation of Self-Centering Hybrid Rocking Braced Steel Frames
Authors: Guo Xiaonong , Tang Zilin , Zhang Chaozhong , Luo Jinhui
Published: August 2024

An innovative self-centering hybrid rocking braced steel frame (SCHRBF) with separate braced span and rocking span is proposed for improving seismic resilience. The braced span utilizes buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) to provide energy-dissipating capacity, and the rocking span consists of stiff rocking cores and self-centering braces (SCBs) to achieve a uniform inter-story drift distribution and low post-earthquake residual displacement under a strong earthquake. This study first describes the basic composition and nonlinear mechanical behavior of this novel system. Then, a force-based seismic design procedure for the SCHRBF system is proposed, including the determination and allocation of base shear, design of BRBs in braced span, design of SCBs in rocking span, and design of rocking core members. The influence of key design parameters on the seismic responses of the system is then explored through parametric analysis. And recommended values of the design parameters are provided according to the analysis results. Although the properly designed structure has significant partial re-centering behavior, its peak inter-story drifts, residual inter-story drifts, and deformation patterns can be effectively controlled under strong earthquakes. Finally, the superiority of the SCHRBF in controlling seismic displacement responses is verified by comparing with other structural systems.
Sentiment Analysis for Stock Market Prediction Using Recursive Deep Neural Networks
Authors: Rajendiran P. , Raghav R. S. , Srinivasan B. , Venkatesan R.
Published: August 2024

Sentiment analysis (SA) is used to identify the person’s opinion from unstructured information. It is broadly applied to predict stock market movement direction to recognize the public opinion towards a company or products. The conventional techniques designed for SA do not provide higher accuracy, which impacts the reliability of stock market prediction. In order to improve the prediction performance, a Gensim Lovins Truncative Morisita–Horn’s Broken-stick Regression-based Recursive deep neural network (GLTMBR-RDNN) is introduced for predicting the future outcomes in the stock market with a lesser error rate and minimal time. The customer reviews are collected from a large database. The GLTMBR-RDNN includes different layers for learning the input reviews. In the GLTMBR-RDNN technique, the first preprocessing of the text is carried out in the first hidden layer by removing stop words, stem words, truncation and so on. First, the Gensim tokenizer is applied in the preprocessing step to partition the text into a number of words. The proposed GLTMBR-RDNN technique uses a Sklearned model for stop word removal. Followed by Lovins truncative stemming process is carried out in the preprocessing step. Finally, the Normalization process is done for transforming the words into a standard form. After preprocessing, Morisita–Horn’s Broken-stick Regression process is performed in the second hidden layer for predicting the future stock market value based on the classification of customer reviews by setting the breakpoint to the similarity score between the reviews. In this way, future stock market values are efficiently identified with enhanced classification accuracy in the output layer. The result of the suggested GLTMBR-RDNN technique is analyzed using metrics such as accuracy, F-measure, precision, recall and prediction time based on various input reviews. The results prove that the introduced GLTMBR-RDNN technique improves the performance of accuracy with less prediction time when compared to existing methods.
The Stanley–Reisner ideal of the rook complex of polyominoes
Authors: Romeo Francesco
Published: August 2024

We study the properties of the rook complex [Formula: see text] of a polyomino [Formula: see text] seen as independence complex of a graph [Formula: see text], and the associated Stanley–Reisner ideal [Formula: see text]. In particular, we characterize the polyominoes [Formula: see text] having a pure rook complex, and the ones whose Stanley–Reisner ideal has linear resolution. Furthermore, we prove that for a class of polyominoes the Castelnuovo–Mumford regularity of [Formula: see text] coincides with the induced matching number of [Formula: see text].
Hankel wavelet multiplier associated with the unitary representation
Authors: Shukla Pragya , Upadhyay Santosh Kumar
Published: August 2024

In this paper, the boundedness and compactness of the Hankel wavelet multiplier associated with the unitary representation on [Formula: see text] space for [Formula: see text], are obtained by using the Hankel transform technique. The application of Hankel wavelet multipliers in form of the Landau–Pollak–Slepian operator is given. With the help of the Hankel wavelet multiplier, the Sobolev space associated with the Hankel transform is constructed and its various properties are studied.
Meshless Technique Based on Moving Least Squares Approximation for Numerical Solutions of Linear and Nonlinear Third-Kind VIEs
Authors: Aourir E. , Izem N. , Laeli Dastjerdi H.
Published: August 2024

The principal objective of this paper is to propose a numerical scheme to solve linear and nonlinear third-kind Volterra integral equations (VIEs). The method approximates the solution using the collocation method based on moving least squares (MLS) approximation. The suggested scheme is meshless, since it needs no background mesh or cell structures, and is thus independent of the geometry of the domain. The approach reduces the solution of third-kind VIEs to the solution of systems of algebraic equations. All integrals appearing in the approach are calculated approximately by the Gauss–Legendre integration formula. The convergence analysis of the proposed scheme has been conducted, and its performance has been tested through a series of numerical examples, demonstrating its effectiveness and applicability in comparison to the existing methods.