О НЕКОТОРЫХ ТЕНДЕНЦИЯХ РАЗВИТИЯ СОВРЕМЕННОГО РЫНКА ЭНЕРГОРЕСУРСОВ
Authors: Губайдуллина Т.Н. , Григорьева Е.А. , Половкина Э.А. 
Published: February 2025

Современная мировая экономика, функционирующая в условиях глобального энергетического кризиса, в значительной степени развивается под влиянием динамики мировых цен на энергоносители. В процессе исследования использован системный и аналитический методы, метод обобщения данных международных и российских обзоров, данных Росстата и Министерства энергетики Российской Федерации. Выявлены и обоснованы основные тенденции современного развития мирового рынка нефти на основе данных международных обзоров соглашений ОПЕК и ОПЕК+. Рассмотрены факторы, влияющие на динамику цен и объёмов добычи энергоресурсов в настоящее время. Определена динамика квот на добычу нефти по странам мира, а также проанализированы тенденции в сфере ценообразования с участием соглашений ОПЕК и ОПЕК+, проблемы влияния современного коронакризиса на состояние спроса на энергоносители. Выполнен анализ современного состояния и динамики мирового рынка нефти под влиянием санкционной политики со стороны развитых стран. Сформулированы выводы относительно перспектив дальнейшего развития мирового рынка энергоресурсов, а также динамики цен на ближайшую перспективу.

Introduction.Today, the development of the world economy operating in the context of the global energy crisis is significantly affected by the dynamics of world energy prices. The purpose of the article is to provide a scientific analysis of the current pricing policy in the global energy market and identify the main trends in the transformation of the oil market under the sanctions policy. Methods.The study used the systemic and analytical methods, the method of data integration from international and Russian reviews, the Federal State Statistics Service (Rosstat) and the Ministry of Energy of the Russian Federation. Results. The key trends in the modern development of the world oil market were identified and substantiated based on the data from international reviews of the OPEC and OPEC+ agreements. The study showed that price setting in the oil market is rather ambiguous, and at different times it depends on various factors. Initially, in the early 40s of the 20thcentury, the price of the energy resource was determined in accordance with the cost-plus principle, which means summing up the price with a markup to cover the costs. With the beginning of its vigorous activities, OPEC used the netback pricing principle, according to which the market price of oil was calculated by subtracting the costs of its transportation from the places of production. Currently, there is a single clear relation between the OPEC basket price and the GDP of countries. The impact of factors unrelated to OPEC is growing, among which are, first of all, the intensification of the sanctions policy by developed countries, the increased influence of the futures market, political manipulation in the oil market, as well as the increase in the intermediary interest rates in the resale of oil products and taxation on the final product. Conclusions. The scientific analysis shows that the most significant factors influencing the price formation in the world oil market include the following: the factor of economic policy; the factor of scientific and technical progress; the current condition and forecast of proven and potential oil reserves; the actual state and the pace of development of the world economy, primarily the GDP growth rate. Additionally, institutional changes in the oil sector, as well as changes in oil legislation, are of great importance.