bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Manipulating precursors of group-III nitrides for high-Al-content p-AlGaN toward efficient deep ultraviolet light emitters
Authors: Zhang Ziqi , Geng Hansong , Lv Zhenxing , Tang Bin , Liu Xu , Jiang Jingjing , Qi Shengli , Liu Sheng , Zhou Shengjun
Published: December 2024

The high-Al-content p-AlGaN electron blocking layer (EBL) is essential for mitigating electron overflow in deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes (DUV LEDs) but suffers from poor conductivity. One of the reasons is that the carbon impurity may act as donor-like compensating defect, which is incorporated into the epilayers by the metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. To grow the high-Al-content p-EBL and minimize carbon incorporation, we proposed a group-III nitrides precursor modulation strategy. This technique involves reducing the flow rates of metalorganic precursors, trimethylaluminum, and trimethylindium, while maintaining the Al/Ga ratio. By this method, the p-Al0.8Ga0.2N EBL with an ultralow carbon concentration of 1016 cm−3 was grown. Moreover, the high initial composition in the EBL leads to a larger compositional gradient in the adjacent p-AlGaN graded layer, which increases bulk polarization-induced hole concentration compared with the p-Al0.7Ga03N EBL. Together, these factors above contribute to a 20% enhancement in light output power and a 6% reduction in operation voltage at 40 mA in the proposed DUV LED statistically. This feasible growth scheme provides a promising strategy for the high-efficiency and cost-competitive DUV LEDs.
Chapter 10. Interlanguage 40 years on
Authors: Selinker Larry
Published: December 2024

This chapter pulls together 40 years of interlanguage study in terms of three interlinked themes: (1) historic roots, emphasizing ongoing questions/issues that needed interlanguage to be asked; (2) interlanguage as a system in its own right, centering on evidence for the systematic nature of interlanguage; (3) a suggested future centering on creation of a deep interlanguage semantics guided by not only learning from, but contributing to, an exponentially-changing computational world. The chapter concludes with a “peroration” addressed to current students and younger colleagues stressing development of “doubt” as a crucial skill – not being too quick to discard possible answers to core concepts and questioning whether we are training students adequately in the right skillsets for productive research.
Superconductivity in Medium-Entropy Alloys: Nb2TiW and Nb2TiMo
Authors: Li 李 Kuan 宽 , Chen 陈 Cui-Qun 翠群 , Zeng 曾 Lingyong 令勇 , Li 李 Longfu 龙夫 , Chen 陈 Rui 睿 , Yu 余 Peifeng 沛峰 , Wang 王 Kangwang 康旺 , Xiang 项 Zaichen 载琛 , Yao 姚 Dao-Xin 道新 , Luo 罗 Huixia 惠霞
Published: December 2024

This paper describes the synthesis and characterization of Nb2TiW and Nb2TiMo medium-entropy alloys (MEAs). The Nb2TiW and Nb2TiMo MEAs were successfully synthesized using the arc-melting method. Their structures and superconducting properties were investigated through detailed characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), resistivity, magnetization, and specific heat measurements. The XRD results confirmed that the obtained Nb2TiW and Nb2TiMo compounds have the same body-centered cubic (BCC) structure and crystallized in the

I
m

3
¯

m

space group (number 229). Experimental results showed that the superconducting transition temperatures (T
cs) of Nb2TiW and Nb2TiMo are approximately 4.86 and 3.22 K, respectively. The upper and lower critical fields of Nb2TiW are 3.52(2) T and 53.36(2) Oe, respectively, and those of Nb2TiMo are 2.11(2) T and 68.23(3) Oe, respectively. First-principles calculations revealed that the d electrons of Nb, Ti, and Mo or W are the dominant contributors to the density of states near the Fermi level. Specific heat measurement results indicated that Nb2TiW and Nb2TiMo exhibit BCS full-gap s-wave superconductivity.
A Stochastic iteratively regularized Gauss–Newton method
Authors: Bergou Elhoucine , Chada Neil K , Diouane Youssef
Published: December 2024

This work focuses on developing and motivating a stochastic version of a wellknown inverse problem methodology. Specifically, we consider the iteratively regularized Gauss–Newton method, originally proposed by Bakushinskii for infinite-dimensional problems. Recent work have extended this method to handle sequential observations, rather than a single instance of the data, demonstrating notable improvements in reconstruction accuracy. In this paper, we further extend these methods to a stochastic framework through mini-batching, introducing a new algorithm, the stochastic iteratively regularized Gauss–Newton method (SIRGNM). Our algorithm is designed through the use randomized sketching. We provide an analysis for the SIRGNM, which includes a preliminary error decomposition and a convergence analysis, related to the residuals. We provide numerical experiments on a 2D elliptic partial differential equation example. This illustrates the effectiveness of the SIRGNM, through maintaining a similar level of accuracy while reducing on the computational time.
Dynamic thresholding algorithm with memory for linear inverse problems
Authors: Sun Zhong-Feng , Zhao Yun-Bin , Zhou Jin-Chuan , Huang Zheng-Hai
Published: December 2024

The relaxed optimal k-thresholding pursuit (ROTP) is a recent algorithm for linear inverse problems. This algorithm is based on the optimal k-thresholding technique which performs vector thresholding and error metric reduction simultaneously. Although ROTP can be used to solve small to medium-sized linear inverse problems, the computational cost of this algorithm is high when solving large-scale problems. By merging the optimal k-thresholding technique and iterative method with memory as well as optimization with sparse search directions, we propose the so-called dynamic thresholding algorithm with memory (DTAM), which iteratively and dynamically selects vector bases to construct the problem solution. At every step, the algorithm uses more than one or all iterates generated so far to construct a new search direction, and solves only the small-sized quadratic subproblems at every iteration. Thus the computational complexity of DTAM is remarkably lower than that of ROTP-type methods. It turns out that DTAM can locate the solution of linear inverse problems if the matrix involved satisfies the restricted isometry property. Experiments on synthetic data, audio signal reconstruction and image denoising demonstrate that the proposed algorithm performs comparably to several mainstream thresholding and greedy algorithms, and it works faster than the ROTP-type algorithms especially when the sparsity level of signal is relatively low.
Mo-doped vanadium oxide for p-type silicon solar cells with an improved hole selective contact
Authors: Wu Yue , Wang Tao , Liu Dan , Liu Wuqi , Wei Yaju , Fu Wang , Yu Guoqiang , Wang Peng , Cui Can
Published: December 2024

As a typical transition metal oxide with high work function, vanadium oxide (V2O5) is a very promising hole selective layer for efficient crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells. The holes are extracted or transported via band-to-band tunneling and trap-assisted tunneling (TAT), which strongly depend on the concentration of oxygen vacancies (V
O); however, very little work has focused on its effective modulation. Herein, solution-processed V2O5 films are doped with Mo6+ to tune the hole selectivity for p-Si heterojunction solar cells. With an appropriate doping concentration of 10 mol%, the surface passivation is improved and the contact resistivity decreases simultaneously. The enhanced hole-selective transport with the dominated TAT mechanism contributes to the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of V2O5/p-Si heterojunction solar cells being increased from 16.2% to 17.7%, due to the increase of V
O induced by the electron transfer from Mo6+ to V5+. The utilization of forming gas annealing further improves the PCE up to 18.2%, ascribed to the generation of more V
O and the additional passivation of hydrogen, which is the highest achieved with solution-processed V2O5−X
for c-Si heterojunction solar cells up to now.
Current, thrust, and power of a corona discharge plasma thruster at tropospheric altitude
Authors: Grosse Sylvain , Benard Nicolas , Moreau Eric
Published: December 2024

Recent developments in electro-aerodynamics (EAD) thrusters that use plasma have demonstrated their abilities for aircraft propulsion, at least for low-velocity drones. Further improvements in the technology bring EAD propulsion closer to full-scale applications. However, certain doubts still exist concerning their behavior in different atmospheric conditions. The study focuses on the effects of altitude on the propulsive performance of a corona discharge thruster in the troposphere. A thruster is placed in a climatic chamber that can vary the temperature and pressure independently, and force and current measurements provide the thrust generation and power consumption of the thruster. First, tests under varying pressure between 500 and 1000 hPa were performed at room temperature. As expected, at constant voltage, they highlight that the power increases almost linearly when the pressure decreases. Conversely, they demonstrated that the thrust decreases with pressure at a constant current. The combined effects result in a loss of effectiveness (i.e. thrust-to-power ratio) when the pressure reduces. Yet, a plateau of maximum effectiveness is achieved between 800 and 1000 hPa. Secondly, the temperature was varied between −20 °C and +30 °C at ground pressure. No significant effect was captured concerning the current and power, and a weak decrease in thrust was measured at higher temperatures. Finally, altitudes between 0 and 6 km were simulated by combining pressure and temperature modifications. Mostly led by the pressure drop, the power decreases linearly when the altitude increases, but the thrust decreases to a plateau between 3 and 6 km. Hence, the effectiveness also decreases with altitude down to a stagnation between 3 and 6 km. The coupled decreases in drag and thrust with altitude engender a small decrease in the maximum achievable freestream velocity of the thruster down to a plateau over 3 km.
Solution grown quantum dots for quantum science
Authors: Roy Parna , Gogoi Parineeta , Pandey Anshu
Published: December 2024

Solution grown quantum dots (QD) are promising materials for photonic quantum science. These materials are strongly confined and further offer advantages in terms of customizability and scalability. In this review we describe the applications of these materials towards quantum science particularly as single photon emitters. We further compare the progress made towards realizing and functionalizing these materials with the current state of the art in epitaxially grown QDs. We particularly focus on charge injection to regulate electronic energy levels and optical emission, as well as effects of strain that are crucial for quantum information applications. This suggests several potential areas where the physical properties of these materials need to be better understood and controlled to fully realize their potential in quantum science. This article thus summarizes the state of the art in terms of solution grown QD development for quantum science and also outlines key areas where progress is expected before these materials become as developed as their solid-state counterparts.
Radial mechanical properties of deoxyribonucleic acid molecules
Authors: Wang Xia , Dong Jianjun , Gao Mingyan , Wang Ying , Hou Fengyan , Wang Jingyu , Li Ye , Wang Zuobin
Published: December 2024

Given the small diameter of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), the difficulty in studying its radial mechanical properties laid in the challenge of applying a precise and controlled small force. In this work, the radial mechanical properties of DNA were measured in the AFM. DNA adhesion properties were analyzed through force-distance curves and adhesion images. The adhesion force values applied on DNA obtained from the force-distance curves were consistent with those obtained from the adhesion images. The Young’s modulus of DNA was determined by collecting the data of indentation depth and the force applied on DNA and using the Hertz model for calculation. At the same compression speed, the Young’s moduli increased with increasing forces, but exhibited a nonlinear growth. This reflected the complex stress–strain behavior of DNA. The impact of speeds on mechanical properties of DNA was explored. Higher speed resulted in greater Young’s moduli and adhesion. This study not only deepens the understanding the mechanical properties of DNA, but also provides a strategy for investigating the mechanical properties of other thin and soft materials.
Mapping indefinite causal order processes to composable quantum protocols in a spacetime
Authors: Salzger Matthias , Vilasini V
Published: December 2024

Formalisms for higher order quantum processes provide a theoretical formalisation of quantum processes where the order of agents’ operations need not be definite and acyclic, but may be subject to quantum superpositions. This has led to the concept of indefinite causal structures (ICS) which have garnered much interest. However, the interface between these information-theoretic approaches and spatiotemporal notions of causality is less understood, and questions relating to the physical realisability of ICS in a spatiotemporal context persist despite progress in their information-theoretic characterisation. Further, previous work suggests that composition of processes is not so straightforward in ICS frameworks, which raises the question of how this connects with the observed composability of physical experiments in spacetime. To address these points, we compare the formalism of quantum circuits with quantum control of causal order (QC-QC), which models an interesting class of ICS processes, with that of causal boxes, which models composable quantum information protocols in spacetime. We incorporate the set-up assumptions of the QC-QC framework into the spatiotemporal perspective and show that every QC-QC can be mapped to a causal box that satisfies these set up assumptions and acts on a Fock space while reproducing the QC-QC’s behaviour in a relevant subspace defined by the assumptions. Using a recently introduced concept of fine-graining, we show that the causal box corresponds to a fine-graining of the QC-QC, which unravels the original ICS of the QC-QC into a set of quantum operations with a well-defined and acyclic causal order, compatible with the spacetime structure. Our results also clarify how the composability of physical experiments is recovered, while highlighting the essential role of relativistic causality and the Fock space structure.
Steering spin fluctuations in lattice systems via two-tone Floquet engineering
Authors: Peña Ruben , Torres Felipe , Romero Guillermo
Published: December 2024

We report on the control of spin pair fluctuations using two-tone Floquet engineering. We consider a one-dimensional spin-1/2 lattice with periodically modulated spin exchanges using parametric resonances. The stroboscopic dynamics generated from distributed spin exchange modulations lead to spin pair fluctuations reaching quasi-maximally correlated states and a subharmonic response in local observables, breaking the discrete-time translational symmetry. We present a protocol to control the interacting many-body dynamics, producing spatial and temporal localization of correlated spin pairs via dynamically breaking correlated spin pairs from the edges towards the center of the lattice. Our result reveals how spin fluctuations distribute in a heterogeneous lattice depending on parametric resonances. This may open new routes for exploring distinct nonequilibrium states of matter and the conduction of quasiparticles in quantum materials.
Wakefield generation via propagation of two-color asymmetric laser pulses in plasma
Authors: Singh Saumya , Mishra Dinkar , Verma Nirmal Kumar , Kumar Bhupesh , Jha Pallavi
Published: December 2024

This paper deals with the evolution of longitudinal wakefields generated behind two-color asymmetric laser pulses through homogeneous plasma, using numerical model. The two laser pulses are linearly polarized and are assumed to have frequency difference equal to the plasma frequency. Laser pulses are either positively skewed or negatively skewed with respective asymmetric parameters. Combinations of asymmetric parameters are varied for two laser pulses to optimize the amplitude of wakefield. Maximum enhancement of wake amplitude is reported when both asymmetric laser pulses are positively skewed. Further, particle-in-cell simulations have been performed using Vsim code. The simulation study validates the results obtained via numerical model.
Parity symmetry breaking of spin-j coherent state superpositions in Gaussian noise channel
Authors: El Alaoui B , Slaoui A , Lakhfif A , Ahl Laamara R
Published: December 2024

The Wigner function and Wigner-Yanase skew information are connected through quantum coherence. States with high skew information often exhibit more pronounced negative regions in their Wigner functions, indicative of quantum interference and non-classical behavior. Thus, the relationship between these two concepts is that states with high quantum coherence tend to display more non-classical features in their Wigner functions. By exploiting this relationship, which manifests as parity symmetry and asymmetry, we analyze parity symmetry and asymmetry in the superposition of two spin coherent states for a spin-1/2, as well as for a general spin-j. This analysis shows that the preservation of the parity asymmetry, or the violation of the parity symmetry, correlates with an increase in the value of spin j. Additionally, we investigate the behavior of parity symmetry and asymmetry of these states subjected to a Gaussian noise channel. Specifically, we examine how this parity symmetry and asymmetry change and identify the points at which parity symmetry is violated in the spin-1/2 cat state. Notably, the violation of parity symmetry becomes more pronounced at higher values of the decoherence parameter s. Our study shows how the spin value j affects the breaking of parity symmetry in general spin-j cat states that are hit by Gaussian noise.
A parallel and improved goal-oriented adaptive finite-element approach for 3-D direct current resistivity anisotropic forward
Authors: Qiu Lewen , Tang Jingtian , Liu Zhengguang
Published: December 2024

This study presents a parallel and accurate adaptive finite element algorithm for 3-D anisotropic direct current (DC) resistivity forward modeling. It enables the simulation of 3-D complex environments, including undulating topography, intricate subsurface structures, and arbitrary anisotropic distributions. The study improves the goal-oriented posterior error estimation strategy by introducing a volume factor into the dual problem. This improvement not only enhances the numerical accuracy of measurement points located far from the source but also improves the error distribution within the measurement region. Additionally, to solve the linear equation system, we employ an algebraic multigrid preconditioned conjugate gradient solver. Furthermore, to accelerate the solving of large-scale 3-D problems, the domain decomposition technique is incorporated into the solver. The newly developed algorithm’s high accuracy is validated through a two-layer anisotropic model. Compared with published results, the testing results on a 3-D synthetic model with undulating topography demonstrate the algorithm’s efficiency in terms of solving time and memory usage.
Application of microgravity measurements in urban underground space exploration
Authors: Zongyu Zhang , Peng Yuan , Jiajun Zhang , Linling Li , Xinyi Huang , Zhenghao Shen , Zhongkun Qiao
Published: December 2024

Urban underground space exploration is an important way to solve urban underground problems, Identifying the geological structure of urban underground space is of great significance for urban development. Gravity exploration is one of the most commonly used and effective geophysical exploration methods, using a high-precision gravimeter to collect small changes in the gravity field within the survey area and obtain underground spatial anomalies through data analysis. This paper introduces the gravity exploration method, elaborates on the principle of microgravity measurement, constructs a cavity anomaly model, and conducts simulations to provide theoretical support for carrying out gravity measurement. Finally, experimental tests of the cavity model were carried out at the test site to verify the feasibility of microgravity measurement in urban underground space detection.
Study on MT data processing and denoising in southern Hunan
Authors: Yin Zihui , Guo Rongwen
Published: December 2024

The magnetotelluric method is a geophysical method that uses natural electromagnetic field sources to explore deep geoelectric structures. However, with the development of the economy and the generalization of human interference, the signals collected in the field are susceptible to various noise interferences. This article intends to use the current Some denoising methods process the actual collected interfered signals to obtain robust impedance estimation results.
Self-potential signal processing based on NMF
Authors: Zou JinFeng , Cui Yi-an , Xie Jing
Published: December 2024

In recent years, new algorithms have been continuously applied in the field of geophysical data processing, all of which have achieved good results. However, there is currently no dedicated signal separation method for self-potential field signal processing. In this paper, we propose a self-potential signal separation algorithm based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to perform blind source signal separation. We aim to separate different self-potential signals from the collected mixed signals, laying the foundation for subsequent work such as feature recognition. We utilized analytical formulas of simple polarization bodies and forward modeling procedures to generate a series of self-potential signal data. Subsequently, we conducted numerical simulation experiments for signal separation. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is capable of separating self-potential signals of different models from mixed signals.
Time-lapse inversion of self-potential data using particle filter
Authors: Peng Yuankang , Cui Yian , Guo Youjun , Li Hao , Liu Jianxin
Published: December 2024

The self-potential method is an effective geophysical method for monitoring groundwater and soil pollution. However, due to the flow of groundwater, the observed mixed signals of pollution sources are often constantly changing. How to accurately describe the distribution changes of pollutants is an important issue. We propose an inversion algorithm based on particle filter, which can invert and monitor the movement of underground pollution sources. The pollution source is regarded as a polarized sphere, and then we set up a dynamic numerical model. Then we successfully achieved dynamic monitoring of the burial depth of the model, verifying the effectiveness and accuracy of the algorithm.
Application of Elastic Wave CT and Seismic Imaging in Goaf Detection
Authors: Jingtao Li , Han Lu , Jin Wang , Shulun Wang
Published: December 2024

The author introduces the technical principles of elastic wave CT method and seismic imaging method, taking the detection results of a dangerous road in southern Shaanxi as a research example. The application effect of comprehensive geophysical methods in solving engineering exploration problems was analyzed and studied, and the two methods were mutually verified, improving the accuracy of interpretation. The results show that the elastic wave CT method and seismic imaging have high recognition and resolution ability in the detection of dangerous roads in goaf collapse areas, and are effective technical methods to solve such geophysical exploration problems.
Comparative study of thermal runaway characteristics between sodium-ion battery and Li-ion battery under heat abuse
Authors: Li Jinzhong , Xie Yuguang , Xu Bin , Gui Qinghua , Mao Lei
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the thermal runaway characteristics of lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries under external heating conditions. By collecting temperature, strain, and voltage data, the thermal runaway behavior of two-type batteries is compared. Results show that lithium-ion batteries experience rapid temperature rise and early onset of internal damage, evidenced by sharp voltage drop and increased temperature rise rate. In contrast, sodium-ion batteries demonstrate slower TR onset but exhibit more severe thermal runaway effects, including higher peak temperatures and significant physical damage due to combustion. The comparative analysis indicates that lithium-ion batteries trigger TR earlier but with less severe damage, while sodium-ion batteries, despite their later onset, undergo more intense thermal runaway events. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening safety protocols and materials to address thermal runaway behavior under different battery thermal abuse.
A dynamic resource allocation optimization method for compilation subsystems in power IoT environment
Authors: Li Hua , Wu Zhengrong , Yang Xianzhi , Yang Chen
Published: December 2024

Affected by the resource allocation skew problem, which leads to the low utilization rate of resources, we propose to study the optimization method of dynamic resource allocation of compiler subsystem under the environment of electric power IoT (Internet of Things). The skewness willingness function is constructed to reflect the imbalance degree of the compiler subsystem partitioning in the power IoT environment, and at the same time, quantitative indexes are provided for evaluating the effectiveness of the compiler subsystem partitioning algorithm in the power IoT environment. In the resource allocation stage, combined with the compiler subsystem resource tilt allowable threshold, the dynamic allocation of resources is carried out based on the existing compiler tasks in accordance with the priority, with the goal of minimizing the additional waiting time (tilt). In the test results, the compiler subsystem is tested for the distribution of ηEE
under different types of requests is always within 0.25 J/bit. Compared with the control group, it has obvious advantages in processing performance and stability.
Research on obstacle recognition method of transmission line in alpine region based on depth camera
Authors: Ren Boyu
Published: December 2024

Ice and snow on transmission lines in alpine areas lead to increased tower load and short circuits of transmission lines. Tower collapses and power outages caused by ice have a serious impact on factory production and people’s lives. With the development of robot technology, deicing robots have become an important research direction to solve the icing problem of transmission lines. The deicing robot mainly completes actions such as walking, obstacle crossing, and deicing on the transmission line. In the process of robot walking, accurate identification of obstacles on the transmission line is the basic condition for the deicing robot to complete the deicing work, which provides a basic guarantee for the deicing robot to cross the obstacles. Therefore, in this paper, a visual recognition method based on a depth camera is proposed by combining the obstacle characteristics on the 220 KV high-voltage transmission line.
Optimization of unit commitment considering frequency constraints with wind-storage frequency control
Authors: Liang Mingliang , Ji Jie , Li Xuesong , Dong Yie , Sun Yuhang , Li Fuqiang
Published: December 2024

As global productivity levels continue to escalate, issues such as energy shortages and environmental pollution have become increasingly pressing. Wind energy, owing to its vast reserves and zero-emission characteristics, has garnered significant attention for development and utilization. Nevertheless, the inherent randomness and uncertainty of wind power have adverse effects on the frequency security of power systems. Consequently, this paper proposes an optimization approach for unit commitments that integrates frequency security constraints with wind-storage frequency regulation control. In the proposed solution, based on a multi-machine model where both wind power and energy storage contribute to frequency control simultaneously, an expression for system frequency variation considering wind-storage frequency regulation is derived. Starting from the frequency response models of various power sources, an equivalent method is adopted to obtain the minimum point frequency constraint, leading to the development of a unit commitment model that incorporates both wind-storage frequency regulation and frequency constraints. The effectiveness of the proposed method is then validated through comprehensive simulation experiments.
Pomelo fruit-picking robot for unstructured environments
Authors: Cheng Shangshang , Yu Zhengwei , Li Zhen , Fan Qingru , Lyu Shilei , Wen Wei , Yang Zhou
Published: December 2024

The adoption of mechanized and intelligent harvesting equipment is an effective approach to enhancing the stability and competitiveness of the pomelo industry. This study presents the development of a harvesting device tailored for pomelos by improving target recognition algorithms and optimizing the picking mechanism. A fruit stem posture fitting algorithm based on the morphological characteristics of pomelos was developed, capable of obtaining spatial information on fruit stems even in obstructed environments. A serial PPRP picking mechanism with a fault-tolerant end-effector was designed, and kinematic equations and control theory models were established. Experimental results demonstrate that the workspace of the designed robotic arm for pomelo harvesting has a height of 1.9 meters and a depth of 1.3 meters, with a recognition accuracy of 94% and a picking success rate of 72%. The harvesting efficiency reached two fruits per minute, making the device suitable for operations in both structured and unstructured orchard environments.
Design and motion analysis of a coaxial ankle rehabilitation device
Authors: Zeng Huiyi , Wang Yage , Chen Shuai , Ye Jinqiang , Huang Cailin , Wu Sifan
Published: December 2024

Ankle joint is an important joint related to walking in the human body. It is also a joint that is easy to leave sequelae in all joints of stroke patients. According to the physiological characteristics of the human ankle and the characteristics of ankle rehabilitation institutions, the overall structure of the coaxial ankle rehabilitation robot is designed, and the motion principle of the coaxial transmission mechanism is emphatically introduced. Using SolidWorks software to simulate the kinematics of the virtual prototype, and comparing the simulation data with the theoretical data, the accuracy of theoretical analysis and the feasibility of mechanism design are verified, which provides a theoretical basis for the subsequent mechanism size optimization design.
Lowering threshold of NaI(Tl) scintillator to 0.7 keV in the COSINE-100 experiment
Authors: Yu G.H. , Carlin N. , Cho J.Y. , Choi J.J. , Choi S. , Ezeribe A.C. , França L.E. , Ha C. , Hahn I.S. , Hollick S.J. , Jeon E.J. , Joo H.W. , Kang W.G. , Kauer M. , Kim B.H. , Kim H.J. , Kim J. , Kim K.W. , Kim S.H. , Kim S.K. , Kim W.K. , Kim Y.D. , Kim Y.H. , Ko Y.J. , Lee D.H. , Lee E.K. , Lee H. , Lee H.S. , Lee H.Y. , Lee I.S. , Lee J. , Lee J.Y. , Lee M.H. , Lee S.H. , Lee S.M. , Lee Y.J. , Leonard D.S. , Luan N.T. , Machado V.H.A. , Manzato B.B. , Maruyama R.H. , Neal R.J. , Olsen S.L. , Park B.J. , Park H.K. , Park H.S. , Park J.C. , Park K.S. , Park S.D. , Pitta R.L.C. , Prihtiadi H. , Ra S.J. , Rott C. , Shin K.A. , Cavalcante D.F.F.S. , Son M.K. , Spooner N.J.C. , Truc L.T. , Yang L. ,   the COSINE-100 collaboration
Published: December 2024

COSINE-100 is a direct dark matter search experiment, with
the primary goal of testing the annual modulation signal observed by
DAMA/LIBRA, using the same target material, NaI(Tl). In previous
analyses, we achieved the same 1 keV energy threshold used in the
DAMA/LIBRA's analysis that reported an annual modulation signal with
11.6σ significance. In this article, we report an improved
analysis that lowered the threshold to 0.7 keV, thanks to the
application of Multi-Layer Perception network and a new likelihood
parameter with waveforms in the frequency domain. The lower
threshold would enable a better comparison of COSINE-100 with new
DAMA results with a 0.75 keV threshold and account for differences
in quenching factors. Furthermore the lower threshold can enhance
COSINE-100's sensitivity to sub-GeV dark matter searches.
Biodegradable silk fibroin membranes for potential localized treatment of melanoma: optimized preparation and in vitro study
Authors: Zhang Mingshuang , Han Shisong , Wang Ya
Published: December 2024

As a lethal skin cancer, melanoma is highly aggressive and metastatic with high recurrence rates and the common therapy is surgical resection followed by chemotherapy. To minimize the side effects of chemotherapeutic drugs and prevent tumor recurrence in situ, localized therapy is a more suitable treatment method. Here, a fully biodegradable silk fibroin (SF) membrane loaded with the therapeutic drug doxorubicin (Dox) is fabricated for potential localized chemotherapy of melanoma. SF has a high loading capacity of Dox with a maximum mass ratio of Dox/SF equal to 2.5% without generating precipitates. Water annealing (WA) is utilized to enhance the membrane’s stability in the aqueous environment by inducing the formation of β-sheets and the treated membrane was stable in water for at least 15 d. Meanwhile, both the ultimate tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the SF membrane were significantly enhanced after the WA. When incubated with Proteinase K, the mass loss of water-treated membranes followed a linear trend and the degradation coefficient was −30.39, −25.31, and −18.62 for 1 ml, 2 ml, and 3 ml membranes respectively. All the water-treated membranes could be fully degraded within 5 h. By adjusting the membrane thickness and Dox amount, precisely controlled sustained release of Dox is achieved with an initial release rate of 10.39–80.65 μg h−1. The fabricated SF-Dox membrane demonstrates excellent therapeutic effects on melanoma cells with the lowest viability of 51.59% after 24 h and 9.48% after 48 h while being highly biocompatible with normal cells. These findings highlight the potential of SF-Dox membranes as an effective localized therapeutic strategy for melanoma, warranting further investigation in preclinical and clinical settings. This work provides a novel paradigm not only for the development of localized therapy of melanoma but also for the postoperative care systems after melanoma surgical excision.
Integrated response of crop yields and greenhouse gas emissions to cropland management practices and natural factors: a global meta-analysis
Authors: Dong Jiahui , Sun Shikun , Zhan Guolong , Sun Jingxin , Tang Yihe , Wang Yubao
Published: December 2024

The effects of cropland management on yield and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions vary among crops, and comprehensive and quantitative analyses of relevant factors are needed to make informed management decisions. The study assessed the response of global crop yields and GHG to cropland management and natural factors (including mean annual temperature, mean annual rainfall, soil pH, soil C N ratio (SCN), soil organic matter, crop type, biochar (application rate Brate, biochar feedstock, C N ratio BCN, biochar pH BPH, biochar organic matter BTC), irrigation, N fertilizer (Nrate), tillage, straw management, plastic film mulch, duration of experiment, economic development, geographic location (state, country)) involving 167 papers from 17 crops in 27 countries, with a total of 1249 pairs of observations by using meta-analysis. The results showed that biochar application throughout the year improved crop yields, reduced GHG and was more suitable for use on C4 crops. The contribution of straw return to CH4 and CO2 was 78.3% and 35.6%, respectively. The effect of intermittent irrigation (I-IRR) on the yield of C4 crop was 25.7% higher than that of C3 crop. The optimal nitrogen utilization rates for wheat and corn were 253.20 kg·N·hm−2 and 239.84 kg·N·hm−2, respectively, and N fertilizer was more effective in reducing GHG of C3 crops. Among the 20 influencing factors, the relative impact of annual rainfall was the most significant, accounting for 69.3% of N2O and 40.39% of CO2 emissions, respectively. SCN had the most obvious impact on CH4、GWP and Greenhouse Gas intensity (GHGI), reaching up to 51.45%、35.98% and 43.46%, This study quantitatively assessed the response of different types of crop yields and GHG emissions to cropland management practices and natural factors, and provided a basis for making management decisions to enhance global crop yields and reduce GHG.
The strategic and governance implications of solar radiation modification: perspectives from delegates of international climate negotiations
Authors: Cherry Todd L , Kallbekken Steffen , McEvoy David M , Siu Wai Yan
Published: December 2024

The lack of progress in addressing climate change has led to increased interest in solar radiation modification (SRM)—a collection of large-scale interventions that cool the planet by managing the amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth. SRM complicates climate change governance because, in addition to advancing collective action to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, governance needs to restrain unilateral SRM action while balancing diverging actor interests, ethical risks and scientific uncertainty. We survey international climate policy experts for their assessments of the potential for effective global governance of SRM and the likelihood of possible international responses to unilateral SRM scenarios. Experts are pessimistic about the global community achieving effective SRM governance, and they believe unilateral SRM action will trigger international responses and conflicts. Experts believe softer responses are most likely (e.g. diplomatic sanctions) but the potential for stronger responses, including military action, are non-trivial. Relative to the Global North, experts from the Global South are relatively more supportive of SRM, including the development of SRM, the inclusion of SRM in international negotiations, and the deployment of SRM in a climate emergency.
Wigner current in multidimensional quantum billiards
Authors: Seidov S S , Bezymiannykh D G
Published: December 2024

In the present paper we derive the Wigner current of the particle in a multidimensional billiard—the compact region of space in which the particle moves freely. The calculation is based on proposed by us previously method of imposing boundary conditions by convolution of the free particle Wigner function with some time independent function, defined by the shape of the billiard. This method allowed to greatly simplify the general expression for the Wigner current, representing its
p
–component as a surface integral of the product of the shifted particles wave functions. The results are also connected to an alternative approach, which takes into account the boundary conditions by adding the

∝

δ

′

(
x
)

term to the Hamiltonian. The latter is also generalized to the multidimensional case.
Improvement of Shear Strength Parameters on Clay Shale Using Calcite Precipitation Method
Authors: Lamuse Maulina , Putra Heriansyah , Erizal  , Ihsani Zalfa Maulida
Published: December 2024

Clay shale, known for its expansive and weathered characteristics, poses challenges in construction when exposed. The calcite precipitation method offers a viable solution to bolster load-bearing capacity and counteract potential soil expansion while ensuring reversible changes. This study aims to evaluate improvements in the shear strength parameters of clay shale through the calcite precipitation method. The research involved soil properties tests, hydrolysis rate and precipitation ratio analyses, and direct shear tests on both saturated and dry soil specimens. Results showed clay shale samples with PL, LL, and PI values of 41.60%, 21.97%, and 19.62%, respectively, categorizing them as low to medium plasticity clayey soils (CL). The optimal treatment concentration was determined at 20 g/L soybean concentration with a precipitation ratio of 93%. In treated-saturated conditions, cohesion (c′) increased from 4.10 kPa to 12.07 kPa, and the internal friction angle (φ′) rose from 0.54° to 2.87°. Remarkable enhancements were observed in treated-dry samples, with c′ increasing from 7.53 kPa to 183.84 kPa, and φ′ rising from 2.31° to 19.25°. The SCU-CP method effectively improved the properties of dry clay shale.
Numerical Modelling of Seepage Potential on the Dadahup-G1/A5-B4 Road, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Anggiawan Rizal , Karlina  , Rahardjo A. P. , Nirwan E.
Published: December 2024

The Dadahup-G1/A5-B4 road is part of a central government project in Central Kalimantan to support food estate activities in the Dadahup Swamp Irrigation Area. The road is built on the embankment of the primary and secondary irrigation canals. The road is built on top of soil fill from sedimentation in the canal. The soil is dominated by silty clay. Silty clay is characterized by low density, high water content, and limited drainage ability. The soil easily compresses or loses volume when subjected to loads. Varying water levels in the channel can cause seepage from the primary channel across the roadway to the channel on the other side. High water content can also cause stability and infiltration problems that need to be maintained. The purpose of this study was to determine the seepage potential and its effect on the stability of the roadbed. The subject of the study was water level fluctuations. The variables considered include channel water level, groundwater level, and soil permeability. The method used the numerical analysis model of the GeoStudio program with SEEP/W to analyze seepage on the embankment road. The research findings indicate that the higher the water level, the greater the seepage discharge of the water level at the upstream face and the lower the seepage discharge of the water level at the downstream face. Based on the criteria for accepting seepage in the embankment body, the current condition of the embankment is still in a safe condition. The safety factor at the maximum, mean, and minimum water level conditions meet the requirements (SF>4). The research results also show that the higher the water level, the lower the safety factor. However, to confirm the results obtained, further analysis is needed regarding the study of the potential risk of landslides impacting road embankments.
Excavation method and support systems using empirical design at Pasir Kopo dam diversion tunnel, Lebak, Banten Province, Indonesia
Authors: Ambangkoro Andrey Pratama Murti , Budi Indrawan I Gde , Wibowo Haryo Edi
Published: December 2024

The design plans for the 433-meter-long Diversion Tunnel in the BBWS Cidanau Ciujung Cidurian area, situated on the right side of the Pasir Kopo Dam in Lebak, Banten, involve the application of the Rock Mass rating (RMR) method for rock mass classification. This approach is also utilized to determine the excavation method for the tunnel, stand-up time, and support systems. In addition, the tunnel support system uses the Q Systems method to address potential geological uncertainties. Surface and subsurface geological mapping, drill core evaluation, and laboratory tests were conducted to collect essential data. Specifically, surface geological mapping and drill core assessment were conducted to evaluate the rock mass quality along the tunnel’s path. Laboratory testing provided details on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the entire rock mass based on drill core samples. The tunnel section consists of a Tuff rock unit and a Lapilli Tuff rock unit, both categorized as having poor (39,83) to fair (42,8 – 48,71) rock mass quality. The drilling and blasting method is recommended, and Excavation techniques differ based on rock mass classification, with the top heading and bench method varying from 1.00m to 1.50m for poor rock (1 zone) and from 1.50m to 3.00m for fair rock (6 zone). The support system for poor rock mass classification includes No steel set required; Rock bolts 3 m and shotcrete 50 mm, and No steel set required, and for fair rock mass, Rock bolts 4 m and shotcrete 50-100 mm in the crown, 30 mm insides. For zones 1,2,5,7 with very poor quality based on Q–Systems support systems using Shotcrete Rock Fibers, Sprayed concrete E = 500 with a 6 cm - 9 cm thickness and bolting length 2.70 m with space 1.5 m – 1.7 m and For zone 3,4,6 using Shotcrete Rock Fibers, Sprayed concrete E = 500 with a 9 cm - 12 cm thickness and bolting length 2.70 m with space 1.3 m – 1.5 m.
Implementation of machine learning classification models considering the optimum data ratio in predicting soil liquefaction susceptibility
Authors: Fadliansyah Fandi , Faris Fikri , Wilopo Wahyu
Published: December 2024

Soil Liquefaction has a disastrous impact on structures and underground infrastructure. Therefore, an appropriate liquefaction vulnerability assessment strategy can help reduce the detrimental consequences of this hazard. In recent decades, machine learning has been studied more frequently to solve geotechnical issues, such as determining liquefaction susceptibility. Intending to improve the model’s learning ability to identify liquefaction vulnerability and to find the optimum training and testing data ratio, this research attempts to develop a machine learning model for liquefaction prediction utilizing relatively more varied data in different data ratios. In this study, liquefaction prediction models were developed using four supervised learning-based algorithms: Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC), Decision Tree (DT), and K-Nearest Neighbor (k-NN). Seven parameters were utilized to train the model using historical data on liquefaction. The model’s performance in predicting liquefaction was compared with various training and testing data ratios and validated using 5-fold cross-validation. The capability of the model was assessed using performance metrics. The results show that the RF model has the highest accuracy in predicting liquefaction among all the algorithms used. RF achieved an overall accuracy of 90.28%, followed by the k-NN (86.11%) and the DT (81.94%) on a training and testing data ratio of 80:20. The NBC algorithm obtained the highest accuracy of 78.44% on the 75:25 data ratio. In general, the machine learning approach is capable of predicting liquefaction susceptibility.