bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A new nomogram for assessing complete response (CR) in gastric diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients after chemotherapy
Authors: Wang Ping , Chen Kaige , Wang Jiayang , Ni Zihao , Shang Naijian , Meng Wei
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Achieving complete response (CR) after first-line chemotherapy in gastric DLBCL patients often results in longer disease-free survival. We explored whether a model based on imaging features combined with clinicopathological factors could assess the CR to chemotherapy in patients with gastric DLBCL.

Methods

Univariate (P < 0.10) and multivariate (P < 0.05) analyses were used to identify factors associated with a CR to treatment. As a result, a system was developed to evaluate whether gastric DLBCL patients had a CR to chemotherapy. Evidence was found to support the model's ability to predict outcomes and demonstrate clinical value.

Results

We retrospectively analysed 108 people who had been diagnosed gastric DLBCL; 53 were in CR. Patients were divided at random into a 5:4 training/testing dataset split. β2 microglobulin before and after chemotherapy and lesion length after chemotherapy were independent predictors of the CR of gastric DLBCL patients after chemotherapy. These factors were used in the predictive model construction. In the training dataset, the area under the curve (AUC) of the model was 0.929, the specificity was 0.806, and the sensitivity was 0.862. In the testing dataset, the model had an AUC of 0.957, specificity of 0.792, and sensitivity of 0.958. The AUC did not differ significantly between the training and testing dates (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

A model constructed using imaging features combined with clinicopathological factors could effectively evaluate the CR to chemotherapy in gastric DLBCL patients. The predictive model can facilitate the monitoring of patients and be used to adjust individualised treatment plans.
Intramedullary nailing versus plate compound osteosynthesis in subtrochanteric and diaphyseal pathologic femoral fractures: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Koob Sebastian , Plöger Milena Maria , Schmolling Johanna Sophie , Lehmann Ramona Pia , Alex Dana , Kohlhof Hendrik
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Pathologic fractures of the extremities due to carcinoma metastases require individual and patient prognosis-related stabilization procedures. Quick remobilization of the patient to restore the quality of life is of high importance, especially in the case of subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fractures. In our retrospective cohort study, we evaluated intraoperative blood loss, length of operation, complication rate, and regain of lower extremity function in plate compound osteosynthesis (PCO) versus intramedullary nailing (IM) for subtrochanteric and diaphyseal pathologic fractures of the femur.

Methods

Between January 2010 and July 2021, we retrospectively reviewed 49 patients who were treated at our institution for pathologic fractures of the subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femurs for group differences in terms of blood loss, length of operation, implant survival, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society (MSTS) score.

Results

We included 49 stabilization procedures of the lower extremity due to pathologic fractures of the proximal or diaphyseal femur, with a mean follow-up of 17.7 months. IM (n = 29) had a significantly shorter operation time than PCO (n = 20) (112.4 ± 9.4 and 163.3 ± 15.96 min, respectively). We did not detect any significant differences in terms of blood loss, complication rate, implant survival, or MSTS score.

Conclusion

Based on our data, pathologic subtrochanteric and diaphyseal fractures of the femur can be stabilized with IM, which has a shorter operation time than PCO, but the complication rate, implant survival, and blood loss remain unaffected.
Embolization of the middle meningeal artery vs. second surgery—treatment response and volume course of recurrent chronic subdural hematomas
Authors: Liebert Adrian , Voit-Höhne Heinz , Ritter Leonard , Eibl Thomas , Hammer Alexander , Städt Michael , Eff Florian , Holtmannspötter Markus , Steiner Hans-Herbert
Published: May 2023

Background

Despite multiple studies on the embolization of the middle meningeal artery, there is limited data on the treatment response of recurrent chronic subdural hematomas (CSDH) to embolization and on the volume change.

Methods

We retrospectively compared the treatment response and volume change of recurrent CSDHs in a conventional group (second surgery) with an embolization group (embolization as stand-alone treatment) during the time-period from August 2019 until June 2022. Different clinical and radiological factors were assessed. Treatment failure was defined as necessity of treatment for second recurrence. Hematoma volumes were determined in the initial CT scan before first surgery, after the first surgery, before retreatment as well as in an early (1 day–2 weeks) and in a late follow-up CT scan (2–8 weeks).

Results

Fifty recurrent hematomas after initial surgery were treated either by second surgery (n = 27) or by embolization (n = 23). 8/27 (26,6%) surgically treated and 3/23 (13%) of the hematomas treated by embolization needed to be treated again. This leads to an efficacy in recurrent hematomas of 73,4% in surgically treated and of 87% in embolized hematomas (p = 0.189). In the conventional group, mean volume decreased significantly already in the first follow-up CT scan from 101.7 ml (SD 53.7) to 60.7 ml (SD 40.3) (p = 0.001) and dropped further in the later follow-up scan to 46.6 ml (SD 37.1) (p = 0.001). In the embolization group, the mean volume did decrease insignificantly from 75.1 ml (SD 27.3) to 68 ml (SD 31.4) in the first scan (p = 0.062). However, in the late scan significant volume reduction to 30.8 ml (SD 17.1) could be observed (p = 0.002).

Conclusions

Embolization of the middle meningeal artery is an effective treatment option for recurrent CSDH. Patients with mild symptoms who can tolerate slow volume reduction are suitable for embolization, whereas patients with severe symptoms should be reserved for surgery.
Stolen childhood. War memories of children and young people from 1945-1946
Authors: Wróblewski Maciej
Published: May 2023

The article analyses a collection of school essays of world-wide uniqueness, written by Polish children and young people in the years 1945–1946. This collection consists of two independent collections. The first is the 99 wartime memories of pupils from Greater Poland schools, created between May and September 1945. The second contains over 1,200 war memories written by pupils from schools in the Kielce region (south-eastern part of Poland) in the second half of 1946. A common feature of wartime memories is that the young authors combine elements of private written forms with elements of text intended to function in the public space (public literary forms). They smoothly switch between confessional style, full of dramatic details related to the war, and the style typical of a school essay, the aim of which was to test language skills and proficiency in creating a story based on real events. The themes in both collections were imposed on pupils by a programme of writing campaign for writing war memories. Thanks to the conditions provided by the educational system of the time, pupils usually honestly and directly described the traumatic war experiences which they had participated in. In the article, wartime memories in the form of a school essay are treated as a record of a microhistory, containing many details related to local wartime events, such as round-ups, public executions, secret education, and Nazi violence against adults and children.
Teachers’ and students’ perceptions of a sense of community in blended education
Authors: Pei Linlin , Poortman Cindy , Schildkamp Kim , Benes Nieck
Published: May 2023

Universities have renewed interest in blended learning in preparation for post-COVID education. However, unsatisfactory social interactions hinder the quality of blended learning, despite its potential for flexible and personalized learning. In this situation, a sense of community would provide essential academic and social benefits. To develop a sense of community among students, we need to further understand students' and teachers' perceptions concerning this subject by exploring their experiences in blended learning. Therefore, we investigated this for three blended courses using a qualitative case study approach. We conducted: (1) classroom observation; (2) document analysis of course content, assignments, and assessments; and (3) individual interviews with teachers (n = 3) and group interviews with students (n = 18). The results showed the main factors that appeared to contribute to sense of community: group learning activities within courses, non-academic and extracurricular activities across courses, and the campus as a physical place integrating academic and social life after COVID. Further, we identified two obstacles: students valued group learning but struggled to manage group dynamics, and despite teachers' efforts to encourage learning autonomy, students viewed teachers as the ultimate authority in the learning process, which strained the student–teacher relationship. Additionally, this study revealed the limitations that digital tools have for promoting sense of community, as students questioned whether these tools have added value for supporting intricate and in-depth conversations. Finally, based on these findings, we provided practical recommendations for the future development of sense of community in blended learning.
A similarity-based Bayesian mixture-of-experts model
Authors: Zhang Tianfang , Bokrantz Rasmus , Olsson Jimmy
Published: May 2023

We present a new nonparametric mixture-of-experts model for multivariate regression problems, inspired by the probabilistick-nearest neighbors algorithm. Using a conditionally specified model, predictions for out-of-sample inputs are based on similarities to each observed data point, yielding predictive distributions represented by Gaussian mixtures. Posterior inference is performed on the parameters of the mixture components as well as the distance metric using a mean-field variational Bayes algorithm accompanied with a stochastic gradient-based optimization procedure. The proposed method is especially advantageous in settings where inputs are of relatively high dimension in comparison to the data size, where input–output relationships are complex, and where predictive distributions may be skewed or multimodal. Computational studies on five datasets, of which two are synthetically generated, illustrate clear advantages of our mixture-of-experts method for high-dimensional inputs, outperforming competitor models both in terms of validation metrics and visual inspection.
The morphologization of German noun-participle combinations. A diachronic case study
Authors: Hübener Carlotta J.
Published: May 2023

The present paper focuses on the recent history of German noun-participle combinations in which the noun saturates an argument of the base verb. These structures are hybrids between phrases and words, yielding variation in spelling and in the form of the nominal constituent. For instance, the combinationsMitleid erregendvs.mitleidØerregendvs.mitleidserregend‘pitiful’, lit. “pity-arousing” (where Ø represents a zero morpheme) exemplify such variation, which is a (preliminary) result of (ongoing) language change. Therefore, this paper studies how the noun-participle pattern has diachronically evolved between syntax and word formation since the 18th century. Spelling and nominal forms are used as central indicators. For the latter, two approaches based on verb-valency are introduced. Data from the German Text Archive and DWDS core corpus show that over the past 300 years, noun-participle combinations have undergone a process of morphologization: they are increasingly written as a graphemic unit and take nominal forms that are typical of nominal root compounds. Moreover, this study shows that morphologization is partly supported by high token frequencies of individual types. It is argued that the phenomenon is best characterized by assuming a gradient distinction between syntax and word formation.
Surface water load and earthquake stress interactions near the Pirrís reservoir, Costa Rica
Authors: Ruiz-Barajas Sandra , Santoyo Miguel Ángel , Benito-Oterino María Belén , Alvarado-Induni Guillermo Enrique , Climent-Martín Alvaro
Published: May 2023

This study analyzes the relationships between the stress changes produced by the water load variations due to the filling operations at the Pirrís Reservoir, Costa Rica, and the stress changes generated by three relevant earthquakes after the first impoundment. The earthquakes differ in their magnitude, distance from reservoir and depth. Two of them correspond to a shallow crustal faulting, and the third earthquake corresponds to a subduction thrust-fault. The first filling operations began in March 2011 and the daily time history of water levels was available until December 2017. The seismicity has been recorded by a dense local network of seismological stations operating since January 2008. Effects of both types of sources (water loads and earthquakes) were combined to obtain the total Coulomb Failure Stress in the reservoir area, analyzing which of them was dominant in each case and time. We then analyzed the effects of the pore pressure diffusion due to the water loads on the nearby seismicity including two of the studied earthquakes. Results lead to different conclusions depending on the characteristics of each earthquake. An important result is observed after the occurrence of the subduction earthquake, where the coseismic effects become dominant along the entire study area, eclipsing the effect of water loading at all depths. This shows that in a regime stressed by a regional earthquake, albeit of its moderate magnitude, and regional distance, the effect of water loads is barely perceptible. In the absence of tectonic activity, however, the impact of water loading is notable.
FAIR for digital twins
Authors: Peters Diana , Schindler Sirko
Published: May 2023

The continuing drive towards digitization in manufacturing leads to an increasing number of digital twins for monitoring and controlling all kinds of processes. While these capture crucial data of all individual steps and allow for analysis and optimization, more often than not the underlying models are confined to individual systems or organizations. This hinders data exchange, especially across institutional borders and thus represents an important barrier for economic success. Similar challenges in the scientific community led to the emergence of the FAIR principles (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) as guidelines towards a sustainable data landscape. Despite the growing presence within academia, their transfer to industry has not yet received similar attention. We argue that the existing efforts and experiences in science can be exploited to address current data management challenges in industry as well. An improved data exchange within organizations and beyond can not just lower costs, but also opens up new opportunities ranging from discovering new suppliers or partners to improving existing value chains.
Strict $${\mathcal {C}}^p$$-triangulations of sets locally definable in o-minimal structures with an application to a $$\mathcal C^p$$-approximation problem
Authors: Pawłucki Wiesław
Published: May 2023

We show how to derive triangulations of sets locally definable in o-minimal structures from triangulations of compact definable sets. We give it in particular for strict $$\mathcal C^p$$

C
p

-triangulations which has been recently studied by the author. This combined with a theorem of Fernando and Ghiloni implies that every continuous mapping defined on a locally compact subset B of $$\mathbb R^m$$

R
m

with values in any locally definable and locally compact subset A of $$\mathbb R^n$$

R
n

can be approximated by $$\mathcal C^p$$

C
p

-mappings defined on B with values in A for any positive integer p.
Using Social Network Sentiment Analysis and Genetic Algorithm to Improve the Stock Prediction Accuracy of the Deep Learning-Based Approach
Authors: Huang Jia-Yen , Tung Chun-Liang , Lin Wei-Zhen
Published: May 2023

Traditionally, most investment tools used to predict stocks are based on quantitative variables, such as finance and capital flow. With the widespread impact of the Internet, investors and investment institutions designing investment strategies are also referring to online comments and discussions. However, multiple information sources, along with uncertainties accompanying international political and economic events and the recent pandemic, have left investors concerned about information interpretation approaches that could aid investment decision-making. To this end, this study proposes a method that combines social media sentiment, genetic algorithm (GA), and deep learning to predict changes in stock prices. First, it employs a hybrid genetic algorithm (HGA) combined with machine learning to identify chip-based indicators closely related to fluctuations in stock prices and then uses them as input for long short-term memory (LSTM) to establish a prediction model. Next, this study proposes five sentiment variables to analyze PTT social media on TSMC’s stock price and performs a grey relational analysis (GRA) to identify the sentiment variables most closely related to stock price fluctuations. The sentiment variables are then combined with the selected chip-based indicators as input to build the LSTM prediction model. To improve the efficiency of the LSTM analysis, this study applies the Taguchi method to optimize the hyper-parameters. The results show that the proposed method of using HGA-screened chip-based variables and social media sentiment variables as input to establish an LSTM prediction model can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of stock price fluctuations.
The History of Parliament: The House of Commons
1640-1660 [Volume VIII]
Authors: Roberts Stephen K.
Published: May 2023

Volume 8 is the
penultimate volume of a 9-volume set providing the most
comprehensive and complete study ever compiled about the
turbulent period of the English and British Civil Wars and their
aftermath.
“The Country Is on One Leg”: An Analysis of Secondary Educated Youths’ Perceptions of the Risks, Challenges, and Opportunities of the Peacebuilding Process in Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Kuppens Line , Langer Arnim
Published: May 2023

While youths in Africa are often portrayed as peace spoilers, this view largely overlooks youths who have not (yet) turned to (post-) conflict violence. In order to deepen our understanding of the risks of conflict recurrence and the ways to prevent these risks from materializing, Kuppens and Langer argue that it is crucial to study the perspectives of non-violent youths in post-conflict countries. Through an essay-based study with secondary school pupils in post-conflict Côte d’Ivoire, they show that youths are concerned about issues of security, employment, and reconciliation, and yet, they look generally favorably upon the peace process and their role in it.
Participation and Law’s Authority
Authors: Ṣóyẹmí Ẹniọlá Ànúolúwapọ́
Published: May 2023

This article argues that despite its claim to be most concerned with the nature of law in the generality of cases, legal positivism’s almost exclusive focus on Anglo-American law has prevented the tradition from adequately answering the question of law’s authority. This article argues that much positivist analysis either ignores, or takes for granted, the participation of the local population in the historical development of any given society’s law and legal system. This failing means that positivism, and much of analytical jurisprudence, does not provide a truly general, non-circular explanation of authority that accounts as equally for post-colonial legal systems as it does for the Anglo-American systems with which positivism has been most concerned. I argue that the conceptual inadequacies in the explanations of law and legitimate authority offered by those such as H.L.A. Hart and Joseph Raz are most clearly exposed by post-colonial cases, such as Nigeria.
Algorithmic Decision-making, Statistical Evidence and the Rule of Law
Authors: Chiao Vincent
Published: May 2023

The rapidly increasing role of automation throughout the economy, culture and our personal lives has generated a large literature on the risks of algorithmic decision-making, particularly in high-stakes legal settings. Algorithmic tools are charged with bias, shrouded in secrecy, and frequently difficult to interpret. However, these criticisms have tended to focus on particular implementations, specific predictive techniques, and the idiosyncrasies of the American legal-regulatory regime. They do not address the more fundamental unease about the prospect that we might one day replace judges with algorithms, no matter how fair, transparent, and intelligible they become. The aim of this paper is to propose an account of the source of that unease, and to evaluate its plausibility. I trace foundational unease with algorithmic decision-making in the law to the powerful intuition that there is a basic moral and legal difference between showing that something is true of many people just like you and showing that it is true of you. Human judgment attends to the exception; automation insists on blindly applying the rule. I show how this intuitive thought is connected to both epistemological arguments about the value of statistical evidence, as well as to court-centered conceptions of the rule of law. Unease with algorithmic decision-making in the law thus draws on an intuitive principle that underpins a disparate range of views in legal philosophy. This suggests the principle is deeply ingrained. Nonetheless, I argue that the powerful intuition is not as decisive as it may seem, and indeed runs into significant epistemological and normative challenges. At an epistemological level, I show how concerns about statistical evidence's ability to track the truth can be resolved by adopting a probabilistic, rather than modal, conception of truth-tracking. At a normative level, commitment to highly individualized decision-making co-exists with equally ingrained and competing principles, such as consistent application of law. This suggests that the “rule of law” may not identify a discrete set of institutional arrangements, as proponents of a court-centric conception would have it, but rather a more loosely defined set of values that could potentially be operationalized in multiple ways, including through some level of algorithmic adjudication. Although the prospect of replacing judges with algorithms is indeed unsettling, it does not necessarily entail unreasonable verdicts or an attack on the rule of law.
New lower bounds for matrix multiplication and
Authors: Conner Austin , Harper Alicia , Landsberg J.M.
Published: May 2023

Let

$M_{\langle \mathbf {u},\mathbf {v},\mathbf {w}\rangle }\in \mathbb C^{\mathbf {u}\mathbf {v}}{\mathord { \otimes } } \mathbb C^{\mathbf {v}\mathbf {w}}{\mathord { \otimes } } \mathbb C^{\mathbf {w}\mathbf {u}}$

denote the matrix multiplication tensor (and write

$M_{\langle \mathbf {n} \rangle }=M_{\langle \mathbf {n},\mathbf {n},\mathbf {n}\rangle }$

), and let

$\operatorname {det}_3\in (\mathbb C^9)^{{\mathord { \otimes } } 3}$

denote the determinant polynomial considered as a tensor. For a tensor T, let

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(T)$

denote its border rank. We (i) give the first hand-checkable algebraic proof that

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 2\rangle })=7$

, (ii) prove

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 223\rangle })=10$

and

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 233\rangle })=14$

, where previously the only nontrivial matrix multiplication tensor whose border rank had been determined was

$M_{\langle 2\rangle }$

, (iii) prove

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}( M_{\langle 3\rangle })\geq 17$

, (iv) prove

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(\operatorname {det}_3)=17$

, improving the previous lower bound of

$12$

, (v) prove

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 2\mathbf {n}\mathbf {n}\rangle })\geq \mathbf {n}^2+1.32\mathbf {n}$

for all

$\mathbf {n}\geq 25$

, where previously only

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 2\mathbf {n}\mathbf {n}\rangle })\geq \mathbf {n}^2+1$

was known, as well as lower bounds for

$4\leq \mathbf {n}\leq 25$

, and (vi) prove

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 3\mathbf {n}\mathbf {n}\rangle })\geq \mathbf {n}^2+1.6\mathbf {n}$

for all

$\mathbf {n} \ge 18$

, where previously only

$\underline {\mathbf {R}}(M_{\langle 3\mathbf {n}\mathbf {n}\rangle })\geq \mathbf {n}^2+2$

was known. The last two results are significant for two reasons: (i) they are essentially the first nontrivial lower bounds for tensors in an “unbalanced” ambient space and (ii) they demonstrate that the methods we use (border apolarity) may be applied to sequences of tensors.

The methods used to obtain the results are new and “nonnatural” in the sense of Razborov and Rudich, in that the results are obtained via an algorithm that cannot be effectively applied to generic tensors. We utilize a new technique, called border apolarity developed by Buczyńska and Buczyński in the general context of toric varieties. We apply this technique to develop an algorithm that, given a tensor T and an integer r, in a finite number of steps, either outputs that there is no border rank r decomposition for T or produces a list of all normalized ideals which could potentially result from a border rank decomposition. The algorithm is effectively implementable when T has a large symmetry group, in which case it outputs potential decompositions in a natural normal form. The algorithm is based on algebraic geometry and representation theory.
Empire and the Theology of Nature in the Cambridge Botanic Garden, 1760–1825
Authors: Rose Edwin D.
Published: May 2023

Founded in 1760, the Cambridge Botanic Garden was designed to serve the theological interests of the university by developing a collection of living plants from across the globe. Exploring the construction and layout of the garden, its global network, methods of managing information, and the accessibility of the collection during the professorship of Thomas Martyn between 1762 and 1825, this article casts new light on the motivations for founding and managing a botanic garden in Cambridge. It shows how communication structures adapted as the British Empire contracted in the Americas and expanded into Asia and the Pacific, classifying species in the physical garden later inventoried in a series of published catalogues. It suggests that growing interests in natural theology intertwined the university with the expanding British Empire, developing a collection designed to educate students in the influence of divine providence on the vegetable kingdom.
Determination of a steady-state isotope dilution protocol for carbon oxidation studies in the domestic cat
Authors: Pezzali Julia Guazzelli , Lambie Jocelyn G. , Phillips Stuart M. , Shoveller Anna K.
Published: May 2023

The present study aimed to develop an isotope protocol to achieve equilibrium of13CO2in breath of cats during carbon oxidation studies using L-[1-13C]-Phenylalanine (L-[1-13C]-Phe), provided orally in repeated meals. One adult male cat was used in two experiments. In each experiment, three isotope protocols were tested in triplicate using the same cat. During carbon oxidation study days, the cat was offered thirteen small meals to achieve and maintain a physiological fed state. In experiment 1, the isotope protocols tested (A, B and C) had a similar priming dose of NaH13CO3(0⋅176 mg/kg; offered in meal 6), but different priming [4⋅8 mg/kg (A) or 9⋅4 mg/kg (B and C); provided in meal 6] and constant [1⋅04 mg/kg (A and B) or 2⋅4 mg/kg (C); offered in meals 6–13] doses of L-[1-13C]-Phe. In experiment 2, the isotope protocols tested (D, E and F) had similar priming (4⋅8 mg/kg; provided in meal 5) and constant (1⋅04 mg/kg; provided in meals 5–13) doses of L-[1-13C]-Phe, but increasing priming doses of NaH13CO3(D: 0⋅264, E: 0⋅352, F: 0⋅44 mg/kg; provided in meal 4). Breath samples were collected using respiration chambers (25-min intervals) and CO2trapping to determine13CO2:12CO2. Isotopic steady state was defined as the enrichment of13CO2, above background samples, remaining constant in at least the last three samples. Treatment F resulted in the earliest achievement of13CO2steady state in the cat's breath. This feeding and isotope protocol can be used in future studies aiming to study amino acid metabolism in cats.
HYBRID PARTIAL TYPE THEORY
Authors: MANZANO MARÍA , HUERTAS ANTONIA , BLACKBURN PATRICK , MARTINS MANUEL , ARANDA VÍCTOR
Published: May 2023

In this article we define a logical system called Hybrid Partial Type Theory (

$\mathcal {HPTT}$

). The system is obtained by combining William Farmer’s partial type theory with a strong form of hybrid logic. William Farmer’s system is a version of Church’s theory of types which allows terms to be non-denoting; hybrid logic is a version of modal logic in which it is possible to name worlds and evaluate expressions with respect to particular worlds. We motivate this combination of ideas in the introduction, and devote the rest of the article to defining, axiomatising, and proving a completeness result for

$\mathcal {HPTT}$

.
A Network Account of Models in High Energy Physics Experiments
Authors: Karaca Koray
Published: May 2023

I propose an account of the model-based structure of the present-day high energy physics experiments in which the relations among the theoretical, experimental and simulation models constitute a non-linear structure that is akin to a network of models (NoM). I argue that while the proposed NoM subsumes Suppes’ hierarchy of models (HoM) as the model-based characterization of the inference leading from the data to the validity or invalidity of the hypothesis tested in an experiment, it involves a model-based characterization of the inference leading from the collision of particles to the acquisition of data, which is missing in Suppes’ HoM.
Evaluating South Africa's Special Economic Zones
Authors: Qumba Mmiselo Freedom
Published: May 2023

Special economic zones (SEZs) can be described as “carved out jurisdictions within the overall jurisdiction of a state in order to introduce different laws and regulations that are usually more trade and investment friendly”. South Africa's SEZs are created under the Special Economic Zones Act 16 of 2014. This article analyses the country's legal framework for SEZs, which legal scholars have thus far only examined from a purely economic perspective. It provides a brief historical overview of industrial development zones, examines the 2014 act and suggests some reforms within the SEZ legislative framework. A comparative analysis is provided by drawing some lessons from BRICS member countries that have a successful record in operationalizing SEZs.
Mediators and moderator of the effects of early exposure to intimate partner violence on children’s mental health
Authors: Lee Minji , Kang Sungha , Uribe Ana , Harvey Elizabeth A. , Galano Maria M.
Published: May 2023

Childhood intimate partner violence (IPV) exposure increases the likelihood of internalizing and externalizing problems. There is substantial variability in children’s outcomes following IPV exposure, but the reasons behind this are unclear, particularly among preschool-age children. The current study aimed to examine the direct and indirect effects of IPV on preschoolers’ mental health through parent factors (parenting and parental depression), exploring child temperament as a potential moderator of the relation between IPV and child outcomes. Participants were 186 children (85 girls) and their parents living in the United States. Data were initially collected when children were age three, with follow-up at ages four and six. Both parents’ baseline IPV perpetration had adverse effects on child outcomes. Mothers’ IPV was associated with greater paternal depression, paternal overractivity, and maternal laxness, whereas fathers’ IPV was associated with more paternal overreactivity. Only paternal depression mediated the effect of mothers’ IPV on child outcomes. Parenting did not mediate nor did child temperament moderate the relation between IPV and child outcomes. Results shed insight into the need to address parental mental health in families experiencing IPV and underline the need for a further exploration of individual- and family-level mechanisms of adjustment following IPV exposure.
Marital Satisfaction and Mental Health in Adults Over 40 Years Old. Associations with Self-Perceptions of Aging and Stress Related to the COVID–19 Pandemic
Authors: Fernandes-Pires Jose Adrián , Pedroso-Chaparro María del Sequeros , Jiménez-Gonzalo Lucía , Márquez-González María , Cabrera Isabel , Losada-Baltar Andrés
Published: May 2023

Being married has been associated with a better attitude to aging and a buffer against stressful situations, factors that influence mental health. The study analyzes the role of self-perceptions of aging and stress related to the COVID–19 pandemic in the association between marital satisfaction and participants’ mental health. 246 people older than 40 years in a marital/partner relationship were assessed. A path analysis was tested, where self-perceptions of aging and stress from the COVID–19 situation were proposed as mechanisms of action in the association between marital satisfaction and anxious and depressive symptoms. Marital satisfaction, self-perceptions of aging, and stress associated with the COVID–19 pandemic significantly contributed to the model and explained 31% of the variance in participants´ anxious symptomatology, and 42% of the variance in depressive symptomatology. The indirect path of self-perceptions of aging and stress associated with the COVID–19 pandemic in the link between marital satisfaction and anxious and depressive symptoms was statistically significant for both outcome variables. The findings of this study suggest that lower perceived marital satisfaction is associated with higher levels of negative self-perceptions of aging and with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms.Public significance statements:This study suggests that higher marital satisfaction may be a buffer for negative self-perception of aging, and both factors are related with experiencing less stress from COVID–19. These links are associated with less anxious and depressive symptoms.
Effects of Breaking and Non‐Breaking Surface Wave Mixing on the Changjiang River Plume Dynamics in Summer
Authors: Chi Yutao , Rong Zengrui
Published: May 2023

A wave‐current coupled model is implemented to investigate the impact of breaking and non‐breaking surface wave mixing on the structure and dynamics of the Changjiang River plume. Two main non‐breaking wave mixing schemes, modifying the turbulent viscosity directly versus adding wave‐induced turbulence production in the turbulence closure model, are incorporated to the Coupled Ocean‐Atmosphere‐WAVE‐Sediment Transport modeling system. Surface wave mixing typically thickens the plume and traps more freshwater in the near‐ and mid‐field regions. The surface turbulent kinetic energy produced by breaking waves corresponds to small wave energy input in fair weather conditions and has a moderate effect on the Changjiang River plume. In contrast, the addition of non‐breaking wave mixing enhances the turbulent viscosity roughly an order of magnitude in the surface layer. Simulations with non‐breaking wave mixing improve the representation of the plume structure compared to models without wave mixing or with only breaking wave mixing. The Changjiang River plume exhibits a north‐south asymmetry in both salinity and current field in summer. Further adding the non‐breaking wave mixing reduces the surface Ekman velocity and lowers the offshore plume expansion rate through interactions between the upwelling favorable winds and the Ekman layer depth. The resulting adjustment to the internal pressure gradient enhances the buoyancy current and magnifies the asymmetric structure of the Changjiang River plume in summer. While the two non‐breaking wave mixing schemes are conceptually different, our modeling experiments suggest that they have similar effects on the plume structure.
Discovery of highly immunogenic spleen-resident FCGR3+CD103+ cDC1s differentiated by IL-33-primed ST2+ basophils
Authors: Kang Myeong-Ho , Hong JungHyub , Lee Jinjoo , Cha Min-Suk , Lee Sangho , Kim Hye-Young , Ha Sang-Jun , Lim Yong Taik , Bae Yong-Soo
Published: May 2023

Recombinant interleukin-33 (IL-33) inhibits tumor growth, but the detailed immunological mechanism is still unknown. IL-33-mediated tumor suppression did not occur in Batf3−/− mice, indicating that conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1s) play a key role in IL-33-mediated antitumor immunity. A population of CD103+ cDC1s, which were barely detectable in the spleens of normal mice, increased significantly in the spleens of IL-33-treated mice. The newly emerged splenic CD103+ cDC1s were distinct from conventional splenic cDC1s based on their spleen residency, robust effector T-cell priming ability, and surface expression of FCGR3. DCs and DC precursors did not express Suppressor of Tumorigenicity 2 (ST2). However, recombinant IL-33 induced spleen-resident FCGR3+CD103+ cDC1s, which were found to be differentiated from DC precursors by bystander ST2+ immune cells. Through immune cell fractionation and depletion assays, we found that IL-33-primed ST2+ basophils play a crucial role in the development of FCGR3+CD103+ cDC1s by secreting IL-33-driven extrinsic factors. Recombinant GM-CSF also induced the population of CD103+ cDC1s, but the population neither expressed FCGR3 nor induced any discernable antitumor immunity. The population of FCGR3+CD103+ cDC1s was also generated in vitro culture of Flt3L-mediated bone marrow-derived DCs (FL-BMDCs) when IL-33 was added in a pre-DC stage of culture. FL-BMDCs generated in the presence of IL-33 (FL-33-DCs) offered more potent tumor immunotherapy than control Flt3L-BMDCs (FL-DCs). Human monocyte-derived DCs were also more immunogenic when exposed to IL-33-induced factors. Our findings suggest that recombinant IL-33 or an IL-33-mediated DC vaccine could be an attractive protocol for better tumor immunotherapy.
Porosity evolution of mafic crystal mush during reactive flow
Authors: Gleeson Matthew L. M. , Lissenberg C. Johan , Antoshechkina Paula M.
Published: May 2023

The emergence of the “mush paradigm” has raised several questions for conventional models of magma storage and extraction: how are melts extracted to form eruptible liquid-rich domains? What mechanism controls melt transport in mush-rich systems? Recently, reactive flow has been proposed as a major contributing factor in the formation of high porosity, melt-rich regions. Yet, owing to the absence of accurate geochemical simulations, the influence of reactive flow on the porosity of natural mush systems remains under-constrained. Here, we use a thermodynamically constrained model of melt-mush reaction to simulate the chemical, mineralogical, and physical consequences of reactive flow in a multi-component mush system. Our results demonstrate that reactive flow within troctolitic to gabbroic mushes can drive large changes in mush porosity. For example, primitive magma recharge causes an increase in the system porosity and could trigger melt channelization or mush destabilization, aiding rapid melt transfer through low-porosity mush reservoirs.
The nuclear lamina couples mechanical forces to cell fate in the preimplantation embryo via actin organization
Authors: Skory Robin M. , Moverley Adam A. , Ardestani Goli , Alvarez Yanina , Domingo-Muelas Ana , Pomp Oz , Hernandez Blake , Tetlak Piotr , Bissiere Stephanie , Stern Claudio D. , Sakkas Denny , Plachta Nicolas
Published: May 2023

During preimplantation development, contractile forces generated at the apical cortex segregate cells into inner and outer positions of the embryo, establishing the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm. To which extent these forces influence ICM-trophectoderm fate remains unresolved. Here, we found that the nuclear lamina is coupled to the cortex via an F-actin meshwork in mouse and human embryos. Actomyosin contractility increases during development, upregulating Lamin-A levels, but upon internalization cells lose their apical cortex and downregulate Lamin-A. Low Lamin-A shifts the localization of actin nucleators from nucleus to cytoplasm increasing cytoplasmic F-actin abundance. This results in stabilization of Amot, Yap phosphorylation and acquisition of ICM over trophectoderm fate. By contrast, in outer cells, Lamin-A levels increase with contractility. This prevents Yap phosphorylation enabling Cdx2 to specify the trophectoderm. Thus, forces transmitted to the nuclear lamina control actin organization to differentially regulate the factors specifying lineage identity.
Photonic integrated beam delivery for a rubidium 3D magneto-optical trap
Authors: Isichenko Andrei , Chauhan Nitesh , Bose Debapam , Wang Jiawei , Kunz Paul D. , Blumenthal Daniel J.
Published: May 2023

Cold atoms are important for precision atomic applications including timekeeping and sensing. The 3D magneto-optical trap (3D-MOT), used to produce cold atoms, will benefit from photonic integration to improve reliability and reduce size, weight, and cost. These traps require the delivery of multiple, large area, collimated laser beams to an atomic vacuum cell. Yet, to date, beam delivery using an integrated waveguide approach has remained elusive. Here we report the demonstration of a87Rb 3D-MOT using a fiber-coupled photonic integrated circuit to deliver all beams to cool and trap > 1 ×106atoms to near 200 μK. The silicon nitride photonic circuit transforms fiber-coupled 780 nm cooling and repump light via waveguides to three mm-width non-diverging free-space cooling and repump beams directly to the rubidium cell. This planar, CMOS foundry-compatible integrated beam delivery is compatible with other components, such as lasers and modulators, promising system-on-chip solutions for cold atom applications.
Gate-tunable superconducting diode effect in a three-terminal Josephson device
Authors: Gupta Mohit , Graziano Gino V. , Pendharkar Mihir , Dong Jason T. , Dempsey Connor P. , Palmstrøm Chris , Pribiag Vlad S.
Published: May 2023

The phenomenon of non-reciprocal critical current in a Josephson device, termed the Josephson diode effect, has garnered much recent interest. Realization of the diode effect requires inversion symmetry breaking, typically obtained by spin-orbit interactions. Here we report observation of the Josephson diode effect in a three-terminal Josephson device based upon an InAs quantum well two-dimensional electron gas proximitized by an epitaxial aluminum superconducting layer. We demonstrate that the diode efficiency in our devices can be tuned by a small out-of-plane magnetic field or by electrostatic gating. We show that the Josephson diode effect in these devices is a consequence of the artificial realization of a current-phase relation that contains higher harmonics. We also show nonlinear DC intermodulation and simultaneous two-signal rectification, enabled by the multi-terminal nature of the devices. Furthermore, we show that the diode effect is an inherent property of multi-terminal Josephson devices, establishing an immediately scalable approach by which potential applications of the Josephson diode effect can be realized, agnostic to the underlying material platform. These Josephson devices may also serve as gate-tunable building blocks in designing topologically protected qubits.
Natural killer cells and innate lymphoid cells 1 tune anxiety-like behavior and memory in mice via interferon-γ and acetylcholine
Authors: Garofalo Stefano , Cocozza Germana , Mormino Alessandro , Bernardini Giovanni , Russo Eleonora , Ielpo Donald , Andolina Diego , Ventura Rossella , Martinello Katiuscia , Renzi Massimiliano , Fucile Sergio , Laffranchi Mattia , Mortari Eva Piano , Carsetti Rita , Sciumè Giuseppe , Sozzani Silvano , Santoni Angela , Tremblay Marie-Eve , Ransohoff Richard M. , Limatola Cristina
Published: May 2023

The mechanisms of communication between the brain and the immune cells are still largely unclear. Here, we characterize the populations of resident natural killer (NK) cells and innate lymphoid cells (ILC) 1 in the meningeal dura layer of adult mice. We describe that ILC1/NK cell-derived interferon-γ and acetylcholine can contribute to the modulation of brain homeostatic functions, shaping synaptic neuronal transmission and neurotransmitter levels with effects on mice behavior. In detail, the interferon-γ plays a role in the formation of non-spatial memory, tuning the frequency of GABAergic neurotransmission on cortical pyramidal neurons, while the acetylcholine is a mediator involved in the modulation of brain circuitries that regulate anxiety-like behavior. These findings disclose mechanisms of immune-to-brain communication that modulate brain functions under physiological conditions.
Mechanosensitive non-equilibrium supramolecular polymerization in closed chemical systems
Authors: Lang Xianhua , Huang Yingjie , He Lirong , Wang Yixi , Thumu Udayabhaskararao , Chu Zonglin , Huck Wilhelm T. S. , Zhao Hui
Published: May 2023

Chemical fuel-driven supramolecular systems have been developed showing out-of-equilibrium functions such as transient gelation and oscillations. However, these systems suffer from undesired waste accumulation and they function only in open systems. Herein, we report non-equilibrium supramolecular polymerizations in a closed system, which is built by viologens and pyranine in the presence of hydrazine hydrate. On shaking, the viologens are quickly oxidated by air followed by self-assembly of pyranine into micrometer-sized nanotubes. The self-assembled nanotubes disassemble spontaneously over time by the reduced agent, with nitrogen as the only waste product. Our mechanosensitive dissipative system can be extended to fabricate a chiral transient supramolecular helix by introducing chiral-charged small molecules. Moreover, we show that shaking induces transient fluorescence enhancement or quenching depending on substitution of viologens. Ultrasound is introduced as a specific shaking way to generate template-free reproducible patterns. Additionally, the shake-driven transient polymerization of amphiphilic naphthalenetetracarboxylic diimide serves as further evidence of the versatility of our mechanosensitive non-equilibrium system.