bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Muscle Specific Analysis of Intensity and Fatigue during Cross-Country Skiing Competition—A Case Report
Authors: Stöggl Thomas , Born Dennis-Peter
Published: April 2021

The aims of the study were to assess the robustness and non-reactiveness of wearable near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) technology to monitor exercise intensity during a real race scenario, and to compare oxygenation between muscle groups important for cross-country skiing (XCS). In a single-case study, one former elite XCS (age: 39 years, peak oxygen uptake: 65.6 mL/kg/min) was equipped with four NIRS devices, a high-precision global navigation satellite system (GNSS), and a heart rate (HR) monitor during the Vasaloppet long-distance XCS race. All data were normalized to peak values measured during incremental laboratory roller skiing tests two weeks before the race. HR reflected changes in terrain and intensity, but showed a constant decrease of 0.098 beats per minute from start to finish. Triceps brachii (TRI) muscle oxygen saturation (SmO2) showed an interchangeable pattern with HR and seems to be less affected by drift across the competition (0.027% drop per minute). Additionally, TRI and vastus lateralis (VL) SmO2 revealed specific loading and unloading pattern of XCS in uphill and downhill sections, while rectus abdominus (RA) SmO2 (0.111% drop per minute) reflected fatigue patterns occurring during the race. In conclusion, the present preliminary study shows that NIRS provides a robust and non-reactive method to monitor exercise intensity and fatigue mechanisms when applied in an outdoor real race scenario. As local exercise intensity differed between muscle groups and central exercise intensity (i.e., HR) during whole-body endurance exercise such as XCS, NIRS data measured at various major muscle groups may be used for a more detailed analysis of kinetics of muscle activation and compare involvement of upper body and leg muscles. As TRI SmO2 seemed to be unaffected by central fatigue mechanisms, it may provide an alternative method to HR and GNSS data to monitor exercise intensity.
Adaptive Detection of Direct-Sequence Spread-Spectrum Signals Based on Knowledge-Enhanced Compressive Measurements and Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Zhang Shuang , Liu Feng , Huang Yuang , Meng Xuedong
Published: April 2021

The direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DSSS) technique has been widely used in wireless secure communications. In this technique, the baseband signal is spread over a wider bandwidth using pseudo-random sequences to avoid interference or interception. In this paper, the authors propose methods to adaptively detect the DSSS signals based on knowledge-enhanced compressive measurements and artificial neural networks. Compared with the conventional non-compressive detection system, the compressive detection framework can achieve a reasonable balance between detection performance and sampling hardware cost. In contrast to the existing compressive sampling techniques, the proposed methods are shown to enable adaptive measurement kernel design with high efficiency. Through the theoretical analysis and the simulation results, the proposed adaptive compressive detection methods are also demonstrated to provide significantly enhanced detection performance efficiently, compared to their counterpart with the conventional random measurement kernels.
Smart Wearables for Cardiac Monitoring—Real-World Use beyond Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Duncker David , Ding Wern Yew , Etheridge Susan , Noseworthy Peter A. , Veltmann Christian , Yao Xiaoxi , Bunch T. Jared , Gupta Dhiraj
Published: April 2021

The possibilities and implementation of wearable cardiac monitoring beyond atrial fibrillation are increasing continuously. This review focuses on the real-world use and evolution of these devices for other arrhythmias, cardiovascular diseases and some of their risk factors beyond atrial fibrillation. The management of nonatrial fibrillation arrhythmias represents a broad field of wearable technologies in cardiology using Holter, event recorder, electrocardiogram (ECG) patches, wristbands and textiles. Implementation in other patient cohorts, such as ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), heart failure or sleep apnea, is feasible and expanding. In addition to appropriate accuracy, clinical studies must address the validation of clinical pathways including the appropriate device and clinical decisions resulting from the surrogate assessed.
Analysis of the Accuracy of Ten Algorithms for Orientation Estimation Using Inertial and Magnetic Sensing under Optimal Conditions: One Size Does Not Fit All
Authors: Caruso Marco , Sabatini Angelo Maria , Laidig Daniel , Seel Thomas , Knaflitz Marco , Della Croce Ugo , Cereatti Andrea
Published: April 2021

The orientation of a magneto and inertial measurement unit (MIMU) is estimated by means of sensor fusion algorithms (SFAs) thus enabling human motion tracking. However, despite several SFAs implementations proposed over the last decades, there is still a lack of consensus about the best performing SFAs and their accuracy. As suggested by recent literature, the filter parameters play a central role in determining the orientation errors. The aim of this work is to analyze the accuracy of ten SFAs while running under the best possible conditions (i.e., their parameter values are set using the orientation reference) in nine experimental scenarios including three rotation rates and three commercial products. The main finding is that parameter values must be specific for each SFA according to the experimental scenario to avoid errors comparable to those obtained when the default parameter values are used. Overall, when optimally tuned, no statistically significant differences are observed among the different SFAs in all tested experimental scenarios and the absolute errors are included between 3.8 deg and 7.1 deg. Increasing the rotation rate generally leads to a significant performance worsening. Errors are also influenced by the MIMU commercial model. SFA MATLAB implementations have been made available online.
A Compensation Method for Nonlinear Vibration of Silicon-Micro Resonant Sensor
Authors: Li Yan , Li Hao , Xiao Yifeng , Cao Le , Guo Zhan-She
Published: April 2021

A compensation method for nonlinear vibration of a silicon micro resonant sensor is proposed and evaluated to be effective through simulation and experimental analysis. Firstly, the parameter characterization model of the silicon micro resonant sensor is established, which presents significant nonlinearity because of the nonlinear vibration of the resonant beam. A verification circuit is devised to imitate the nonlinear behavior of the model by matching the simulation measurement error of the frequency offset produced by the circuit block with the theoretical counterparts obtained from the model. Secondly, the principle of measurement error compensation is studied, and the compensation method dealing with nonlinear characteristics of the resonant beam is proposed by introducing a compensation beam and corresponding differential operations. The measurement error, compensation rate, and measurement residual between the two scenarios that use single beam and double beams, respectively, are derived and are compared with their simulation and experimental counterparts. The results coincide with the predicted trend, which verifies the effectiveness of the compensation method.
Non-Destructive and Quantitative Evaluation of Rebar Corrosion by a Vibro-Doppler Radar Method
Authors: Miwa Takashi
Published: April 2021

It is well known that evaluation of rebar corrosion is important for the maintenance of reinforced concrete structures, but, it is difficult to simply, quickly and quantitatively evaluate the amount of corrosion of rebars embedded in concrete by conventional non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods such as electrical, electromagnetic and mechanical method. This paper proposes a vibro-Doppler radar (VDR) measurement method to quantitatively evaluate rebar corrosion by measuring the vibration ability of the rebar forcibly vibrated in concrete by an excitation coil. It is experimentally demonstrated in RC test pieces that the rebar vibration displacement obtained by developed VDR method is valid and is less affected by the moisture in the concrete. In addition, simultaneous monitoring of the rebar vibration displacement of the test pieces is performed through an electrolytic corrosion test and the measured vibration displacement is compared to the rebar corrosion loss evaluated. As the results, it is cleared that the rebar vibration displacement starts to increase from slightly before the occurrences of corrosion crack on the concrete surface as the corrosion loss increases. It is also shown that the rebar vibration displacement becomes 4 times higher than that in initial condition at the rebar corrosion loss of 250 mg/cm2. This implies that the VDR has potential to nondestructively and quantitatively evaluate rebar corrosion in concrete.
Development of a Novel, Fast, Simple HPLC Method for Determination of Atorvastatin and its Impurities in Tablets
Authors: Shulyak Nataliia , Piponski Marjan , Kovalenko Sergiy , Bakovska Stoimenova Tanja , Balkanov Trajan , El-Subbagh Hussein I. , Drapak Iryna , Omotosho Joy Oluwatobiloba , Logoyda Liliya
Published: April 2021

Our main target and concept was to develop a method for the determination of the most prescribed antilipemic drug, atorvastatin, together with its related substances, with a single sample preparation and during a single chromatographic run, in the shortest possible period of time, with the lowest possible mobile phase consumption. A new rapid, simple chromatographic method for the determination of atorvastatin and its main specified impurities was developed, using different chromatographic columns. With this new concept of a mobile phase and a powerful core–shell, or a superficially porous silica-based column, satisfactory results for targeted parameters, such as critical peak resolution, run time length, and column backpressure, were achieved. The analysis is performed within a run duration of less than 15 min, which is about six times shorter than the official European Pharmacopoeia method. The chromatogram performances suggests that the method limit of quantification (LOQ) can be about 7 times lower, and the limit of detection (LOD) about 20 times lower, using an injection volume of only 2 µl. This was confirmed by the performed method validation in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guideline for the validation of analytical procedures Q2(R1), where the selectivity, linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of quantification, and limit of detection were tested and confirmed.
Exploring Characteristics of Sustainability Stimulus Patterns of Project Managers
Authors: Magano José , Silvius Gilbert , Silva Cláudia Sousa , Leite Ângela
Published: April 2021

The role of projects in the transition of organisations towards sustainability is addressed in a growing number of studies, and “sustainable” project management is considered one of the most important project management trends today. As sustainability is a normative concept based on subjective values and beliefs, project managers are bound to experience different stimuli and inhibitors for the consideration of sustainability in their projects. Earlier studies identified three distinct stimulus patterns: Intrinsically motivated, Task-driven, and Pragmatic. However, little is known about these three groups of project managers’ personal and professional characteristics and their work environments. Following up on earlier studies, this paper explores the social-demographic and professional-related characteristics that the three stimulus patterns represent in a quantitative, survey-based study on a sample of 433 project managers. Analyses of descriptive statistics (means, frequencies, and Cronbach’s alpha) and inferential statistics (chi-squared, t test, and ANOVA) were used. The findings of the study support the conclusion that sustainability is a personal trait based upon the individual’s attitude towards sustainability. The study also reveals that the stimulus patterns of project managers significantly differ over industries and types of projects. The study intends to help organisations implement sustainability strategies by deepening their understanding of project managers’ stimulus to consider sustainability in their projects. The study contributes to the emerging knowledge on sustainable project management and specifically to the understanding of stimulus patterns of project managers.
Economic Assessment of L-Shaped Minilouvers for Reducing Cooling Energy and Improving Daylight Condition in Offices: A Simulation Study in Jakarta
Authors: Suryandono Alexander Rani , Hariyadi Agus , Fukuda Hiroatsu
Published: April 2021

Energy consumption is a major sustainability issue. One of the largest portions of energy consumption in buildings comes from cooling. This paper proposes the use of L-shaped minilouvers as shading, which both improve useful daylight illuminance (UDI) and reduce cooling-energy consumption. Jakarta, Indonesia was chosen as the study location since it has driving factors for higher cooling energy, ranging from those of demographic to the environment. An open office was chosen for simulation in Rhinoceros 3D with the Grasshopper, LadyBug, and Honeybee plug-ins, which utilize the EnergyPlus engine. Following the UDI and cooling-energy simulations, surveys were conducted to gather the information of the price of materials for shading and electricity. Savings from cooling energy were compared with the cost of shading application to obtain the simple payback periods. The best shading was provided by L-shaped minilouvers, which can achieve a simple payback period of 0.86 years, reducing cooling-energy consumption by around 18% while improving around 16.78 UDI in comparison with the base case with the average of all the orientations. All simulated L-shaped minilouvers also performed better than the overhang did, which is a more common form of shading in the simulated location.
Rediscovering Herb Lane: Application of Design Thinking to Enhance Visitor Experience in a Traditional Market
Authors: Tung Fang-Wu
Published: April 2021

The need to redevelop depressed traditional markets as cultural tourism attractions has been recognized as urgent in contemporary urban regeneration projects. The survival and development of these marketplaces can support economic prosperity and sociocultural diversity. This study applies design thinking to foster multidisciplinary collaboration and integrate interactive technology with the aim of enhancing visitor experience in Herb Lane, which is a traditional market for traditional Chinese herbs. The practice-based research details the activities and methods to be undertaken to support a multidisciplinary collaboration throughout the design thinking process. The outcome yielded from the process was a mobile application that provides personal herbal recommendations, inspired by traditional Chinese medicine practices and herb-finding activities and supported by visual recognition technology. The mobile application was evaluated through a field trial study, and the results indicate that the mobile application can significantly enhance visitor experience in Herb Lane. This study is expected to contribute to the research and practical knowledge regarding design thinking, multidisciplinary collaboration, and smart tourism. It should also encourage relevant professionals to work together for the continuity and development of traditional markets.
The Sustainability of Superior Performance of Platform Complementor: Evidence from the Effects of Iterative Innovation and Visibility of App in iOS Platform in China
Authors: Wang Na , Chen Shuangying , Xiao Lei , Fu Feng
Published: April 2021

The sustainability of superior performance is a vital goal for complementor in mobile platform ecosystem, but it is becoming increasingly difficult to realize it. The previous literature about the sustainability of superior performance is insufficient and lacks deep research the mechanisms that affect the sustainability of superior performance. Based on user-oriented perspective, this study examines the direct and interactive effects of app’s iterative innovation and visibility on the sustainability of complementor’s superior performance. Using a two-way fixed effect model and monthly panel data, with the final dataset of 4596 observations from 384 apps of top-ranking positions by revenue available from December 2018 to December 2019 on the Apple iOS App Store in China, the results show that a) app’s iterative innovation and visibility (including platform recommendations and download rankings) promote the sustainability of app’s superior performance; b) platform recommendations and iterative innovation have a synergistic effect on the sustainability of app’s superior performance; and c) the download ranking has a substitution effect on iterative innovation to promote the sustainability of app’s superior performance. The findings of this study have theoretical and practical implications for improving the sustainability of app’s superior performance in the digital age.
Understanding Visitors at an Urban Park by Profiling of Destination Attributes
Authors: Baek Jonghyun , Kim Yeeun , Kim Hyun , Song Hwasung
Published: April 2021

A park has a variety of attributes, providing beautiful natural scenery and a place to rest as well as a cultural space in which performances and events are held. This study aimed to examine the various destination attributes that a place has, specifically, the resources of an urban park, by profiling visitors according to these destination attributes. The study setting, Gwanggyo Lake Park (GLP), is located in Suwon City and is in the limelight as an eco-friendly leisure and tourism destination in South Korea. As a result of profiling 595 visitors through an application of Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), three types of profiles were obtained: “Relaxation Leisure Seekers (RLS),” “Nature Environment Seekers (NES),” and “Ecological Experience Seekers (EES).” There were differences by type in visiting patterns, environmental propensity, distance from residence, and income. The results allow a better understanding of the various attributes of the park as an ecological tourism destination by visitor profile and profile-specific characteristics. Due to COVID-19, more people are visiting parks, which are natural outdoor spaces. This study provides implications for both theoretical and practical aspects of natural resource management in that it profiles visitors by highlighting parks as both leisure and tourism destinations.
How Perspectives of a System Change Based on Exposure to Positive or Negative Evidence
Authors: Giabbanelli Philippe J. , Tawfik Andrew A.
Published: April 2021

The system that shapes a problem can be represented using a map, in which relevant constructs are listed as nodes, and salient interrelationships are provided as directed edges which track the direction of causation. Such representations are particularly useful to address complex problems which are multi-factorial and may involve structures such as loops, in contrast with simple problems which may have a clear root cause and a short chain of causes-and-effects. Although students are often evaluated based on either simple problems or simplified situations (e.g., true/false, multiple choice), they need systems thinking skills to eventually deal with complex, open-ended problems in their professional lives. A starting point is thus to construct a representation of the problem space, such as a causal map, and then to identify and contrast solutions by navigating this map. The initial step of abstracting a system into a map is challenging for students: unlike seasoned experts, they lack a detailed understanding of the application domain, and hence struggle in capturing its key concepts and interrelationships. Case libraries can remedy this disadvantage, as they can transfer the knowledge of experts to novices. However, the content of the cases can impact the perspectives of students. For example, their understanding of a system (as reflected in a map) may differ when they are exposed to case studies depicting successful or failed interventions in a system. Previous studies have abundantly documented that cases can support students, using a variety of metrics such as test scores. In the present study, we examine the ways in which the representation of a system (captured as a causal map) changes as a function of exposure to certain types of evidence. Our experiments across three cohorts at two institutions show that providing students with cases tends to broaden their coverage of the problem space, but the knowledge afforded by the cases is integrated in the students’ maps differently depending on the type of case, as well as the cohort of students.
Clinical Analysis for Long-Term Sporadic Bovine Viral Diarrhea Transmitted by Calves with an Acute Infection of Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus 2
Authors: Goto Yusuke , Yaegashi Gakuji , Fukunari Kazuhiro , Suzuki Tohru
Published: April 2021

Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a viral pathogen associated with serious problems in the cattle industry. Cattle persistently infected (PI) with BVDV are mild or asymptomatic; however, they become a source of BVDV transmission to other cattle. Hence, it is important to rapidly identify and remove the PI animals from cattle herds. Whereas cattle acutely infected (AI) with BVDV have various symptoms, yet they generally recover within 3 weeks. However, there is a paucity of information concerning clinical characteristics of AI cattle. Further accumulation of information would be required to accurately diagnose AI cattle with BVDV. Here, we attempted to obtain valuable information via various analyses using a case report of BVD outbreak that occurred for approximately four months in Iwate Prefecture in 2017. Using eight calves and multiple tests (real-time RT-PCR, virus isolation, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and virus neutralization assay) over 6 weeks, we diagnosed the continuous BVD outbreak as an acute infection and not a persistent one. Additionally, we revealed that the sporadic case was caused by low pathogenic BVDV2 via BVDV genotyping and phylogenetic analysis. The data suggest that BVDV2 AI animals might also be a source of transmission to susceptible calves; hence, it might persist for a long period owing to multiple AI animals. These findings provide useful information to diagnose AI and PI cattle with BVDV in the field.
Steve Oroszlan: A Personal Perspective
Authors: Gilden Raymond
Published: April 2021

My memories of Steve go back over 50 years. While precise dates are no longer in my memory bank, circumstances and emotions remain alive and easy to recall. These memories tell the story of a remarkable human being, a true practitioner of his craft always, faithful to the basic principles of scientific pursuit, with integrity, honesty, and enthusiasm well beyond the norm. We had a professional symbiotic relationship that lasted over 20 years, resulting in over 50 publications in scientific journals and meeting abstracts. During that time, our fortunes rose in tandem, and when it was time to go our separate ways, he was more than ready to flourish on his own. Our personal friendship remained constant, and we enjoyed sharing meals and stories with family and friends over the years. In retrospect, I take pride in having played a role in a portion of his remarkable scientific journey. A few key anecdotes will illustrate some aspects of this summary. By way of a disclaimer, this is not a comprehensive review of the vast field of viral oncology and the selection of references is intentionally narrow. No slight is intended to the many outstanding investigators that were our contemporaries and at times collaborators during the period from the early 70s to the mid-80s.
COVID-19’s Impact on Willingness to Be Vaccinated against Influenza and COVID-19 during the 2020/2021 Season: Results from an Online Survey of Canadian Adults 50 Years and Older
Authors: Waite Nancy M. , Pereira Jennifer A. , Houle Sherilyn K. D. , Gilca Vladimir , Andrew Melissa K.
Published: April 2021

There is considerable overlap in age-related risk factors for influenza and COVID-19. We explored the impact of the pandemic on anticipated influenza and COVID-19 vaccination behaviour in the 2020/2021 season. In May 2020, we conducted online surveys of Canadian adults 50 years and older via a market research panel platform, as part of a series of annual surveys to understand experiences with influenza. Given the current pandemic, respondents were also asked about COVID-19’s impact on their vaccination decision-making for the 2020/2021 season. Of 1001 respondents aged 50–64 years, 470 (47.0%) originally intended on receiving the influenza vaccine and still planned to do so, while 200 (20%) respondents who had planned to abstain now reported willingness to receive the vaccine due to COVID-19. In the 65+ age group, 2525 (72.1%) reported that they had planned to be vaccinated and that COVID-19 had not changed their mind, while 285 individuals (8.1%) reported that they had initially planned to forgo the vaccine but now intended to receive it. Reasons for this change included COVID-19’s demonstration of the devastating potential of viruses; and to protect against influenza, and decrease vulnerability to COVID-19. If the COVID-19 vaccine was available, 69.1% of 50–64 year olds and 79.5% of those 65 years and older reported they would opt to receive it. The COVID-19 pandemic has been a sobering demonstration of the dangers of infectious disease, and the value of vaccines, with implications for influenza and COVID-19 immunization programs.
Vertebrate Responses against Arthropod Salivary Proteins and Their Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Olajiga Olayinka , Holguin-Rocha Andrés F. , Rippee-Brooks Meagan , Eppler Megan , Harris Shanice L. , Londono-Renteria Berlin
Published: April 2021

The saliva of hematophagous arthropods contains a group of active proteins to counteract host responses against injury and to facilitate the success of a bloodmeal. These salivary proteins have significant impacts on modulating pathogen transmission, immunogenicity expression, the establishment of infection, and even disease severity. Recent studies have shown that several salivary proteins are immunogenic and antibodies against them may block infection, thereby suggesting potential vaccine candidates. Here, we discuss the most relevant salivary proteins currently studied for their therapeutic potential as vaccine candidates or to control the transmission of human vector-borne pathogens and immune responses against different arthropod salivary proteins.
Animal Models of Colorectal Cancer: From Spontaneous to Genetically Engineered Models and Their Applications
Authors: Nascimento-Gonçalves Elisabete , Mendes Bruno A.L. , Silva-Reis Rita , Faustino-Rocha Ana I. , Gama Adelina , Oliveira Paula A.
Published: April 2021

Colorectal cancer is one of the most common gastrointestinal malignancies in humans, affecting approximately 1.8 million people worldwide. This disease has a major social impact and high treatment costs. Animal models allow us to understand and follow the colon cancer progression; thus, in vivo studies are essential to improve and discover new ways of prevention and treatment. Dietary natural products have been under investigation for better and natural prevention, envisioning to show their potential. This manuscript intends to provide the readers a review of rodent colorectal cancer models available in the literature, highlighting their advantages and disadvantages, as well as their potential in the evaluation of several drugs and natural compounds’ effects on colorectal cancer.
Effect of Bypass-Flow on Leaching of Salts in a Cracking Soil in the Nile Delta
Authors: Fujimaki Haruyuki , Abd El Baki Hassan
Published: April 2021

Salinity is a major threat to the sustainability of irrigated agriculture in arid and semi-arid regions. Leaching is the primary measure for removing excess salts from the root zone, but not all water applied to the soil surface contributes to the removal of salts. In clayey soils, bypass flow along cracks can occur without being mixed with saline pore water in the matrix. To present a field dataset to quantitatively evaluate the contribution of bypass flow to the leaching of salts, soil sampling and monitoring of groundwater and discharge from a tile drain were carried out in farmland having a cracking soil in the Nile Delta. The electrical conductivities of 1:2 extracts were measured to evaluate the salinity of the soil. The first evidence for the occurrence of significant bypass flow through cracks was the salinity of the pore water, which was nearly triple that of the shallow groundwater and outflow from drainage. Second, the difference in root zone salinity before and after paddy rice cultivation was not significant. Third, the gradient of the groundwater table was very small. in spite of the low saturated hydraulic conductivity. Fourth, the salinity of the outflow from the tile drain dropped just after irrigation or rain. These results indicated that bypass flow through cracks played a significant role in the drainage process in the soil, and that nearly half of the water bypasses through cracks in the field with a cracking soil.
The Importance of Food Pulses in Benthic-Pelagic Coupling Processes of Passive Suspension Feeders
Authors: Rossi Sergio , Rizzo Lucia
Published: April 2021

Benthic-pelagic coupling processes and the quantity of carbon transferred from the water column to the benthic suspension feeders need multiple intensive sampling approaches where several environmental variables and benthos performance are quantified. Here, activity, dietary composition, and capture rates of three Mediterranean gorgonians (Paramuricea clavata, Eunicella singularis, and Leptogorgia sarmentosa) were assessed in an intensive cycle considering different variables such as the seston concentration and quality (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, and zooplankton), the colony branch patterns, and the energetic input of the single species (i.e., mixotrophic and heterotrophic). The three species showed clear differences in their impact on the seston concentration. Paramuricea clavata, the most densely distributed, showed a greater impact on the near bottom water column seston. The lowest impact of E. singularis on the seston could be explained by its mixotrophy and colony branching pattern. Leptogorgia sarmentosa had a similar impact as E. singularis, having a much more complex branching pattern and more than an order of magnitude smaller number of colonies per meter square than the other two octocorals. The amount of carbon ingested in the peaks of the capture rates in the three species may cover a non-neglectable proportion of the potential carbon fluxes.
Evaluating the Structure from Motion Technique for Measurement of Bed Morphology in Physical Model Studies
Authors: Karmacharya Sanat Kumar , Ruther Nils , Shrestha Ujjwal , Bishwakarma Meg Bahadur
Published: April 2021

The selection of instrumentation for data acquisition in physical model studies depends on type and resolution of data to be recorded, time frame of the model study, available instrumentation alternatives, availability of skilled personnel and overall budget of the model study. The available instrumentation for recording bed levels or three-dimensional information on geometry of a physical model range from simple manual gauges to sophisticated laser or acoustic sensors. In this study, Structure from Motion (SfM) technique was applied, on three physical model studies of different scales and study objectives, as a cheap, quicker, easy to use and satisfactorily precise alternative for recording 3D point data in form of colour coded dense point cloud representing the model geometry especially the river bed levels in the model. The accuracy of 3D point cloud generated with SfM technique were also assessed by comparing with data obtained from manual measurement using conventional surveying technique in the models and the results were found to be very promising.
The effect of dietary inclusion of conjugated linoleic acid in finishing hog feed on sensory characteristics and storage quality indicators of pork loin
Authors:   ,   West Virginia University, Maditz Kaitlin
Published: April 2021

Marbling in meat occurs when fat is distributed throughout the skeletal muscle and is visually apparent by light streaks of fat that look like a marble pattern. It is associated with increased quality, tenderness, and likeability. Incorporating dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) into finishing hog feed increases intramuscular fat and decrease backfat in harvested pigs; therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if inclusion of CLA in pig feed would increase intramuscular marbling and consumer likeability without compromising storage stability. Twenty pigs were housed in ten pens (2 pigs per pen) and fed either 1% Soybean oil or 1% CLA diet for a period of six weeks. After slaughter, pork loins were cut and divided into cranial and caudal ends, vacuum packed and stored at -8°C until evaluations were conducted. Quality indicators of pork were measured on both raw and cooked samples over a 7-d storage period. Measurements included color (L*, a*, b*), muscle pH, texture, and lipid oxidation by thiobarbituric acid reactive test (TBARS). Sensory panelists evaluated tenderness, juiciness, flavor, aroma, off-flavor, and likeability of each sample on an 8-point hedonic scale. Raw and cooked color scores, texture, TBARS, and raw and cooked muscle pH changed over time (p<0.05); however, these changes were independent of diet. Differences in quality indicators between diets were seen numerically but did not reach significance (p>0.05). Sensory evaluation by 20 panelists showed a trend that CLA loins presented with better flavor and juiciness (p0.05). Results of this study indicate that the inclusion of CLA in pig feed provides a meat product similar to soybean pig feed. The similar storage stability and sensory results of this study indicate limited, if any, benefits of feeding a CLA-diet over a traditional one.;Keywords. Linoleic acid; marbling; pork.
w_pi2o3kl
Authors:   ,   West Virginia University, Mukherjee Mayuri
Published: April 2021

Given the increasingly crucial role of the media in forming popular opinion, policymaking and the conduct of democratic institutions, there has been a severe, often lethal, backlash against individuals who exercise this power through their craft. This study examines the effectiveness of international advocacy groups in protecting journalists and promoting press freedom through a case study of the Committee to Protect Journalists, a non-governmental international advocacy group, in getting justice for killed journalists in the Philippines -- one of the world's most deadliest places for journalists. The study attempts to provide a detailed insight into how transnational advocacy groups work on the ground to bring about real change in the international sphere. The micro-level approach that has been undertaken in this project allows for a nuanced understanding of the basic problem which is essentially about how a relatively small, non-governmental organization like the CPJ manages to put its issues on the national and international agenda, influence discursive positions and impact state behavior. The study is based on ethnographic fieldwork, qualitative interviews with CPJ employees, and historical archive research. It uses Margaret Keck and Kathryn Sikkink's theory on the effectiveness of transnational advocacy networks and the norm socialization process to evaluate the effectiveness of the CPJ in defending journalists and press freedom in the Philippines.
Registration-analytical maintenance of management of economic security agricultural activity
Authors: Kontsevaya Svetlana Mikhailovna , Alborov (Kontsevoy) Gregory Rolanovich , Triskunova Irina Evdokimovna
Published: April 2021

In modern conditions of development of the agricultural economy, it is of great importance to ensure the economic security of agricultural activities in agricultural organizations. The economic security of agricultural activities is largely related to the efficiency of the use of material, labor, biological, land and financial resources in agricultural production, and also depends on the state of accounting, internal control and analysis of the facts of economic life in agricultural organizations. Well-organized accounting, internal control and analysis systems allow providing the economic security management system of agricultural activities with all the necessary information to form a mechanism in internal management to protect agriculture from external and internal hazards, threats and consequences of natural disasters. In this regard, organizational and methodological recommendations for assessment and forecasting are proposed.
Digitalization of accounting as a result of automated data processing
Authors: Kostyukova Elena Ivanovna , Germanova Victoria Samvelovna , Frolov Alexander Vitalyevich
Published: April 2021

Today, one of the priorities of international economic development is digitalization. It makes changes in all areas of our life, and the transformation of the economy, based on the drivers of information development, determines the importance of updating the information environ- ment of the new economy, which directly affects accounting. Currently, accounting is in a phase of gradual development and introduction of new technologies. This aspect is particularly important in the context of the rapid development of information and communication technologies and global digitalization, especially when translating accounting into a new information environment, defining its boundaries, conceptual scope, and confirming the self-sufficiency of accounting as a type of socio-economic and management practice. New requirements for employees and their qualifications are also being introduced. The automated form of accounting differs from the manual form in the uniform execution of operations. When a computer processes similar accounting operations, the same commands are used, virtually eliminating the occurrence of random errors, and the potential for control by the management organization is increased. Because computer programs provide the administration with a fairly wide range of tools that allow you to monitor and evaluate the company’s activities. Some mistakes made by the accountant of the manual accounting course are almost inevitable, since it is the human factor that plays a big role in them, but the use of an automated accounting form allows you to recognize and correct these errors in a timely manner.
Features of the organization of the logistics system at the objects of the agricultural sector of the Stavropol territory
Authors: Kostyukova Elena Ivanovna , Frolov Alexander Vitalyevich , Kalashnikova Olga Gennadievna
Published: April 2021

Identifying problems and challenges of spatial development of regions, studying the specifics of the organization of regional economic activity and current trends in the system-forming sectors of the region, organizing and optimizing them is one of the most important aspects of economic development, which has both scientific and practical significance throughout the country. The dynamics of development of the agricultural sector of the Stavropol territory indicates the existence of negative economic trends. A limiting factor in the development of the agricultural sector of the Stavropol territory is the low availability of production forces with material and technical resources, outdated material and technical base, which determines the intensity of the production process, labor productivity and competitiveness. In view of these circumstances, we conducted research aimed at identifying the specifics of the organization of the logistics system, agricultural complexes of the Stavropol territory and its problem areas. The theoretical provisions and conclusions of the study allow us to expand and systematize knowledge in the field of organization and management of the supply business process. The practical significance lies in the possibility of introducing into the production process a method of managing the logistics system, which allows to increase the efficiency of the agricultural sector in the region.
Clustering Russian regions by the level of agricultural efficiency
Authors: Demichev Vadim Vladimirovich , Maslakova Vesta Vladimirovna , Nestratova Anastasia Andreevna
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the key changes in the mechanism of providing agricultural subsidies to the regions of the Russian Federation. The division of subsidies into compensating and stimulating parts, with the subsequent retention of only the stimulating part, may lead to the redistribution of subsidies to regions that previously received a small part of state support, but are promising from the point of view of agricultural development. In addition, the incentive part of the subsidies will be used to solve socio-economic problems, as well as support small businesses in the form of specific projects (support will be more targeted). In the present study, a system of statistical indicators is proposed for determining groups of regions by the level of efficiency, but not only economic and industrial, but also social and environmental efficiency. Based on one or another aspect of efficiency, regions can justify the need to allocate funds to them from the incentive part of state support. The article identifies and characterizes clusters of regions by the level of agricultural efficiency.
CURRÍCULO DE LOS AUTORES
Authors: Sequeiros Olivares Abigail
Published: April 2021

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KARAKTERISTIK ANGKATAN KERJA DI PROVINSI SUMATERA SELATAN MENGGUNAKAN COMPOSITIONAL BIPLOT ANALYSIS
Authors: Dwipurwani Oki , Susanti Eka
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan data komposisi angkatan kerja setiap kabupaten di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan (Sumsel). Salah satu metode deskripsi yang memberikan pemetaan berupa tampilan grafik dua dimensi pada data komposisi adalah Compositional Biplot Analysis (CBA). Hasil yang diperoleh adalah empat buah tampilan grafik CBA dengan informasi yang dapat diterangkan oleh setiap grafik lebih dari 85%. Kota Palembang, Kabupaten Banyuasin, Musi Rawas Utara, PALI, Musi Banyuasin, Muara Enim, Lubuk lingau, OKU, dan Prabumulih berada dalam satu klaster yang memiliki penduduk angkatan kerja sebagai pengangguran terbuka diatas rata-rata klaster lainnya, dan memiliki nilai TKT di atas 3,50.
Use of the Shor’s r-Algorithm in Linear Robust Optimization Problems
Authors: Stetsyuk P. , Stetsyuk М. , Bragin D. , Мolodyk N.
Published: April 2021

The paper is devoted to the description of a new approach to the construction of algorithms for solving linear programming problems (LP-problems), in which the number of constraints is much greater than the number of variables. It is based on the use of a modification of the r-algorithm to solve the problem of minimizing a nonsmooth function, which is equivalent to LP problem. The advantages of the approach are demonstrated on the linear robust optimization problem and the robust parameters estimation problem using the least moduli method. The developed octave programs are designed to solve LP problems with a very large number of constraints, for which the use of standard software from linear programming is either impossible or impractical, because it requires significant computing resources.

The material of the paper is presented in three sections. In the first section for the problem of minimizing a convex function we describe a modification of the r-algorithm with a constant coefficient of space dilation in the direction of the difference of two successive subgradients and an adaptive method for step size adjustment in the direction of the antisubgradient in the transformed space of variables. The software implementation of this modification is presented in the form of Octave function ralgb5a, which allows to find or approximation of the minimum point of a convex function, or approximation of the maximum point of the concave function. The code of the ralgb5a function is given with a brief description of its input and output parameters.

In the second section, a method for solving the LP problem is presented using a nonsmooth penalty function in the form of maximum function and the construction of an auxiliary problem of unconstrained minimization of a convex piecewise linear function. The choice of the finite penalty coefficient ensures equivalence between the LP-problem and the auxiliary problem, and the latter is solved using the ralgb5a program. The results of computational experiments in GNU Octave for solving test LP-problems with the number of constraints from two hundred thousand to fifty million and the number of variables from ten to fifty are presented.

The third section presents least moduli method that is robust to abnormal observations or "outliers". The method uses the problem of unconstrained minimization of a convex piecewise linear function, and is solved using the ralgb5a program. The results of computational experiments in GNU Octave for solving test problems with a large number of observations (from two hundred thousand to five million) and a small number of unknown parameters (from ten to one hundred) are presented. They demonstrate the superiority of the developed programs over well-known linear programming software such as the GLPK package.

Keywords: robust optimization, linear programming problem, nonsmooth penalty function, r-algorithm, least modulus method, GNU Octave.
Ayçiçeği Hatlarının Demir Beslenme Kabiliyetleri Yönünden Gruplandırılması ve Bu hatların En iyi Demir Beslenme Özelliklerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: AKINOĞLU Güney , KORKMAZ Ahmet , BOZ Elif
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ayçiçeği hatlarının demir beslenme kabiliyetleri yönünden gruplandırılması ve bu hatların en iyi demir beslenme özelliklerinin belirlenmesidir. Bu amaçla, 445 g kuvars kumu ortamına % 5,6 CaCO3 olacak şekilde her saksıya 25 g CaCO3 uygulanmıştır. Denemede pH’sı 6,0’a ayarlı demirsiz besin çözeltisi aşağıdaki konsantrasyonlarda hazırlanmıştır. 0,75 mM K2SO4; 2,0 mM Ca(NO3)2.4H2O; 1,0 mM MgSO4.7H2O; 0,25 mM KH2PO4; 0,1 mM KCl; 1,0 µM MnSO4; 1,0 µM ZnSO4.7H2O; 10 µM H3BO3; 0,01 µM (NH4)6Mo7O24; 0,1 µM CuSO4.5H2O. Faktöriyel deneme desenine göre 7 × 3 şeklinde planlanan denemede muameleler 3 tekerrürlü uygulanmıştır. Yukarıdaki konsantrasyonlarda hazırlanan besin çözeltisine 0-45 ve 100 µM Fe içerecek şekilde Fe-EDDHA ilave edilmiştir. Demirsiz besin çözeltisi ile yetiştirilen ayçiçeği hatlarının kuru madde miktarları ve bu hatların demir beslenmesi ile ilgili diğer özelliklerine ait değerler, 45 ve 100 µM demir içeren besin çözeltisi ile yetiştirilen hatların kuru madde miktarlarına ve diğer demir beslenme özelliklerine ilişkin değerlerine bölünmesi ile ayçiçeği hatlarının kireçli ortamda demir noksanlığına tolerans indeks değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Demir noksanlığı şartlarında, demir beslenme özellikleri yönünden 12, 18, 25 ve 34 numaralı ayçiçeği hatları birinci grubu; 21, 28 ve 37 numaralı hatlar ise ikinci grubu oluşturmuştur. 28 ve 37 numaralı hatların birbirine en yakın; 12 ve 21 numaralı hatların ise birbirinden en uzak hatlar oldukları belirlenmiştir. Hatlardan 12 nolu ayçiçeği hattı kökte ve yaprakta ferrik redüktaz enzim aktivitesi, klorofil-a, klorofil-b, toplam klorofil kapsamları bakımından 21 nolu ayçiçeği hattına göre daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Demir noksanlığı şartlarında demir beslenme özellikleri yönünden 12 nolu hattın 21 numaralı hatta göre daha iyi bir hat olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.