bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Case Report: Necrotizing pneumonia in pediatric patients: a rare case of unilateral necrosis in two entire lobe tissues
Authors: Zhang Jingli , Zhang Yingqian , Gao Longfei , Wu Huifang , Liu Xiaojuan , Yang Fan , Wang Yingxue
Published: January 2025

Background

Necrotizing pneumonia is a serious complication of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection, especially in pediatric patients. Although necrotizing pneumonia is a rare condition, the occurrence of unilateral necrosis in two entire lobe tissues is even rarer. This case study presents a 5-year-old male child with necrotizing pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, describing the clinical features, laboratory abnormalities, and radiographic findings associated with this condition, particularly the rare occurrence of unilateral necrosis in two entire lobe tissues.

Case presentation

The patient presented with a 14-day history of fever and cough, accompanied by paroxysmal cough with continuous sounds, congested throat, increased respiratory effort, and abnormal lung findings on physical examination. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated white blood cell count, increased inflammatory markers, elevated liver enzymes, coagulation dysfunction, and hypoalbuminemia. Imaging studies showed the presence of pleural effusion and progressive necrotizing pneumonia, including the rare occurrence of unilateral necrosis affecting both entire lobe tissues.

Conclusion

Necrotizing pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection can present with prolonged fever, elevated inflammatory markers, pleural effusion, and progressive necrosis of lung tissue, with the occurrence of necrosis observed unilaterally in both entire lobe tissues is even rarer. Monitoring D-dimer levels is essential for evaluating the possibility of necrotizing pneumonia. Early recognition and appropriate management are crucial to improve outcomes in these patients.
The temporal structure of multiple visuomotor processes in baseball batting: insights from a virtual reality system
Authors: Saijo Naoki , Fukuda Takehiro , Kashino Makio
Published: January 2025

Baseball batting is an inherently complex visuomotor task that requires the rapid processing of multiple cognitive-motor computations within a split second. The key components of these computations include the sense of timing, swing decision-making, and swing adjustment. Although each of these components has been studied independently, few studies have addressed their temporal integration. As such, we explored the temporal structure of visuomotor processes in baseball batting using a virtual reality (VR) batting training system. The VR system simulated a mixed sequence of fastballs and breaking balls in which participants were instructed to swing at strikes or take at balls, thus mimicking a real pitcher-batter scenario. The sequence also included pitches where the ball became occluded midway, requiring the participants to maintain accurate swings. Twenty-three batters from a professional Japanese baseball team participated in this experiment. They exhibited the ability to adjust swing timing based on pitch speed, make swing decisions based on strike/ball discrimination, and adjust swing trajectories according to the ball plate location. However, we observed performance deterioration with occluded pitches, particularly in the swing trajectory adjustment, which significantly declined. Swing decision-making showed minor decline, whereas swing timing adjustment remained unaffected. These results indicate that an occluded ball trajectory affects swing adjustment and partially impacts swing decision-making. These findings suggest a temporal structure in the brain’s processing: After the start of pitching, the batter’s brain first handles the computations for swing timing adjustment, followed by swing decision-making, and finally swing trajectory adjustment. Furthermore, the results highlight the potential of VR training systems as powerful tools for elucidating the intricate mechanisms underlying athletic skills.
Understanding the Effects of Social Cohesion on Social Wellbeing: A Scoping Review
Authors: Fowler Davis Sally , Davies Megan
Published: January 2025

Objectives

To describe objective social wellbeing in relation to social cohesion.

Methods

A literature search that sought to understand the contribution of social cohesion in the community as a means of achieving social wellbeing in the UK, published in the last 10 years.

Results

Social cohesion is widely associated with community assets, trust, and a sense of belonging at neighbourhood level. Segregation of sub-groups and “incivilities” can lead to reduced social connectedness and wellbeing. Wider multicultural engagement over time, may be beneficial for social cohesion. Evidence suggests that sufficient facilitation through facilities and services improve social relations and wellbeing and create more cohesive communities. A particular focus is needed on potential minorities within otherwise cohesive communities.

Conclusion

Social cohesion relates to community resilience and the experience of social connectedness at community level. These features can protect vulnerable groups from exclusion and may have other benefits to health and wellbeing.
Residual Stress Distribution and Its Effect on Fatigue Crack Path of Laser Powder Bed Fusion Ti6Al4V Alloy
Authors: Sun Wenbo , Ma Yu’e , Li Peiyao , Zhang Weihong
Published: January 2025

Residual stress (RS) in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) additive manufactured structures can significantly affect mechanical performance, potentially leading to premature failure. The complex distribution of residual stresses, combined with the limitations of full-field measurement techniques, presents a substantial challenge in conducting damage tolerance analyses of aircraft structures. To address these challenges, this study developed a comprehensive simulation framework to analyze the 3D distribution of residual stresses and fatigue crack growth in LPBF parts. The 3D residual stress profiles of as-built samples in 15° and 75° build directions were computed and compared to experimental data. The fatigue crack propagation behavior of the 75° sample, considering 3D residual stress, was predicted, and the effects of residual stress redistribution under cyclic loading were discussed. It shows that the anisotropy of residual stress, influenced by the build direction, can lead to mixed-mode fracture and subsequent crack deflection. Tensile residual stress in the near-surface region and compressive stress in the inner region can cause an inverted elliptical crack front and accelerate fatigue crack growth.
Desired Impact Time Range Analysis Using a Deep Neural Network
Authors: Wang Jiang , Liu Chang , Liu Zichao , Huang Peng
Published: January 2025

This paper proposes a desired impact time feasible region estimation model based on a deep neural network. First, a specific multi-constraint guidance law is derived, and the terminal command deviations caused by conventional calculation methods are analyzed. Second, a binary search method is employed to determine the desired impact time range, and samples are collected under various conditions. Next, parameters related to the desired impact time range are analyzed for their sensitivity to identify their influence, thereby improving computational accuracy and reducing sample size. Finally, the accuracy of the proposed method is validated through simulations. Compared with conventional approaches, the DNN-based model demonstrates higher accuracy and provides robust support for simultaneous multi-target engagement.
Selection-Induced Spinosad Resistance and Associated Fitness Costs in Tuta absoluta: A Key Invasive Tomato Pest
Authors: Ullah Farman , Murtaza Ghulam , Li Xiaowei , Gul Hina , Wang Yaru , Zhao Shengyuan , Abbas Arzlan , Zhang Zhijun , Huang Jun , Desneux Nicolas , Lu Yaobin
Published: January 2025

The South American tomato pinworm, Tuta absoluta (Meyrick), is one of the major invasive pests that causes severe economic damage to several hosts, especially tomato plants, globally. Spinosad, a biopesticide widely used against several insect pests, also shows promising results against T. absoluta. Here, we investigated the evolution of spinosad resistance and its effects on biological traits and related gene effects to fully understand the relationship between resistance degree and associated fitness costs. The spinosad-resistant strain (SpRS) with a moderate level of resistance (14.40-fold) was developed following continuous selection of the susceptible strain (SS) against spinosad for eight generations. Fitness analysis showed that the larval and pupal developmental durations were significantly increased, while the adult emergence was substantially reduced in the SpRS compared to SS. Adult longevity (male and female), fecundity, and hatching rates significantly decreased in the SpRS T. absoluta compared to SS. Additionally, the gene expression analyses indicated the down-regulation of development and reproduction-related genes (Vg, VgR, JHBP, JHAMT, JHE, and JHDK) in the SpRS population. Further, the mRNA expression level of the resistance-related cytochrome P450 gene CYP321C40, followed by CYP4M116, CYP6AW1, CYP339A1, and CYP6AB327, were significantly increased in the SpRS T. absoluta. Taken together, these results indicated that although T. absoluta developed a moderate level of spinosad resistance accompanied by fitness costs, continuous and indiscriminate use might elevate the resistance level. Overall, these findings provide important information about the trade-off between resistance degree and fitness cost that might be crucial to designing resistance management strategies against this key invasive herbivore.
Evaluation of Selected Properties of Corn Snacks Enriched with Pomace from Common Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) and Golden Flaxseed (Linum flavum L.) with the Addition of Cocoa
Authors: Tomaszewska-Ciosk Ewa , Zdybel Ewa , Kapelko-Żeberska Małgorzata
Published: January 2025

Numerous authors have tried to develop crispy snacks enriched with flaxseed pomace. Unfortunately, its dark color was completely unacceptable to consumers and eliminated these products from the market despite their very good health-promoting properties. This study attempted to produce corn snacks enriched with pomace from various flax varieties with the addition of cocoa, which could mitigate the poor perception of their dark color by consumers. The snacks produced with the addition of common flax and cocoa received high scores given by panelists, not diverging from those given to the snacks with golden flax pomace addition. In particular, the addition of cocoa contributed to a significant improvement in the sensory evaluation of the color of the snacks produced with dark pomace addition, while not deteriorating their other assessed parameters, compared to the snacks prepared without cocoa. There were also no differences in the mechanical properties between the snacks with different pomace types added. Only the high additive dose (ca. 10%) resulted in deterioration of these properties.
The Impact of Plasma Intensity on the Unused Rate in Semiconductor Manufacturing: Comparative Analysis Across Intensity Ranges from 30 to 3000
Authors: Min Dae Kee , Woo Jiyun , Kim Jinwook , Lee Bong-Jae , Jeon Eui-chan , Lee Joohee
Published: January 2025

This study examines the impact of plasma intensity on the process unused rate, expressed as 1-Ui, within semiconductor manufacturing. Since the influence of plasma level on 1-Ui is inconsistent without considering gas, the experimental data were analyzed after grouping plasma levels by intensity. Plasma intensity is classified into three categories: low (<100), medium (500–700), and high (>1000). The dataset includes seven columns and 8324 entries representing seven gases—NF3, SF6, CH2F2, CHF3, C4F6, C4F8, and CF4. To analyze the relationship between plasma intensity and 1-Ui, we conducted a series of ANOVA tests followed by post hoc analyses to identify statistically significant differences in 1-Ui across the defined plasma intensity levels.
The Code Underneath
Authors: Rives Julio
Published: January 2025

An inverse-square probability mass function (PMF) is at the Newcomb–Benford law (NBL)’s root and ultimately at the origin of positional notation and conformality. PrZ=2Z−2, where Z∈Z+. Under its tail, we find information as harmonic likelihood Ls,t=Ht−1−Hs−1, where Hn is the nth harmonic number. The global Q-NBL is Prb,q=Lq,q+1L1,b=qHb−1−1, where b is the base and q is a quantum (1≤q<b). Under its tail, we find information as logarithmic likelihood ℓi,j=lnji. The fiducial R-NBL is Prr,d=ℓd,d+1ℓ1,r=logr1+1d, where r≪b is the radix of a local complex system. The global Bayesian rule multiplies the correlation between two numbers, s and t, by a likelihood ratio that is the NBL probability of bucket s,t relative to b’s support. To encode the odds of quantum j against i locally, we multiply the prior odds Prb,jPrb,i by a likelihood ratio, which is the NBL probability of bin i,j relative to r’s support; the local Bayesian coding rule is o˜j:i|r=ijlogrji. The Bayesian rule to recode local data is o˜j:i|r′=o˜j:i|rlnrlnr′. Global and local Bayesian data are elements of the algebraic field of “gap ratios”, A−BC−D. The cross-ratio, the central tool in conformal geometry, is a subclass of gap ratio. A one-dimensional coding source reflects the global Bayesian data of the harmonic external world, the annulus x∈Q|1≤x<b, into the local Bayesian data of its logarithmic coding space, the ball x∈Q|x<1−1b. The source’s conformal encoding function is y=logr2x−1, where x is the observed Euclidean distance to an object’s position. The conformal decoding function is x=121+ry. Both functions, unique under basic requirements, enable information- and granularity-invariant recursion to model the multiscale reality.
Melatonin from Plants: Going Beyond Traditional Central Nervous System Targeting—A Comprehensive Review of Its Unusual Health Benefits
Authors: Laurindo Lucas Fornari , Simili Otávio Augusto Garcia , Araújo Adriano Cressoni , Guiguer Elen Landgraf , Direito Rosa , Valenti Vitor Engrácia , de Oliveira Vitor , de Oliveira Juliana Santos , Yanaguizawa Junior José Luiz , Dias Jefferson Aparecido , Maria Durvanei Augusto , Rici Rose Eli Grassi , Bueno Manuela dos Santos , Sloan Kátia Portero , Sloan Lance Alan , Barbalho Sandra Maria
Published: January 2025

Melatonin is indispensable for the homeostasis of plants and animals. In humans, it can help prevent or be an adjuvant treatment for several diseases mainly related to the immune system, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Moreover, a melatonin-rich diet is linked to several health benefits, such as regulation of circadian rhythm, regulation of the immunological system, epilepsy control, delaying the aging process, and diminishing hormones related to cancer. This review aimed to show the effects of melatonin in diseases beyond its traditional use. The results showed it can present scavenging of free radicals, reducing inflammatory cytokines, and modulating the immune system. Moreover, it can improve insulin resistance, blood pressure, LDL-c, adipose tissue mass, adhesion molecules, endothelial impairment, and plaque formation. These effects result in neuro- and cardioprotection, improvement of liver diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, dermatitis, COVID-19, polycystic ovaries, and sepsis. We conclude that plant melatonin can benefit patients with many diseases besides sleep problems and neurodegeneration. Plant melatonin may be more cost-effective and present fewer adverse events than synthetic. However, more clinical trials should be performed to show adequate doses, formulation, and treatment time.
Order-to-Disorder and Disorder-to-Order Transitions of Proteins upon Binding to Phospholipid Membranes: Common Ground and Dissimilarities
Authors: Schweitzer-Stenner Reinhard
Published: January 2025

Cytochrome c is one of the most prominent representatives of peripheral membrane proteins. Besides functioning as an electron transfer carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, it can acquire peroxidase capability, promote the self-assembly of α-synuclein, and function as a scavenger of superoxide. An understanding of its function requires knowledge of how the protein interacts with the inner membrane of mitochondria. The first part of this article provides an overview of a variety of experiments that were aimed at exploring the details of cytochrome c binding to anionic lipid liposomes, which serve as a model system for the inner membrane. While cytochrome c binding involves a conformational change from a folded into a partially disordered state, α-synuclein is intrinsically disordered in solution and subjected to a partial coil -> helix transition on membranes. Depending on the solution conditions and the surface density of α-synuclein, the protein facilitates the self-assembly into oligomers and fibrils. As for cytochrome c, results of binding experiments are discussed. In addition, the article analyzes experiments that explored α-synuclein aggregation. Similarities and differences between cytochrome c and α-synuclein binding are highlighted. Finally, the article presents a brief account of the interplay between cytochrome c and α-synuclein and its biological relevance.
Exploring the Role of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Cancer: Mechanisms of Action and Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Pandey Aparamita , Alcaraz Martín , Saggese Pasquale , Soto Adriana , Gomez Estefany , Jaldu Shreya , Yanagawa Jane , Scafoglio Claudio
Published: January 2025

Cancer cells utilize larger amounts of glucose than their normal counterparts, and the expression of GLUT transporters is a known diagnostic target and a prognostic factor for many cancers. Recent evidence has shown that sodium-glucose transporters are also expressed in different types of cancer, and SGLT2 has raised particular interest because of the current availability of anti-diabetic drugs that block SGLT2 in the kidney, which could be readily re-purposed for the treatment of cancer. The aim of this article is to perform a narrative review of the existing literature and a critical appraisal of the evidence for a role of SGLT2 inhibitors for the treatment and prevention of cancer. SGLT2 inhibitors block Na-dependent glucose uptake in the proximal kidney tubules, leading to glycosuria and the improvement of blood glucose levels and insulin sensitivity in diabetic patients. They also have a series of systemic effects, including reduced blood pressure, weight loss, and reduced inflammation, which also make them effective for heart failure and kidney disease. Epidemiological evidence in diabetic patients suggests that individuals treated with SGLT2 inhibitors may have a lower incidence and better outcomes of cancer. These studies are confirmed by pre-clinical evidence of an effect of SGLT2 inhibitors against cancer in xenograft and genetically engineered models, as well as by in vitro mechanistic studies. The action of SGLT2 inhibitors in cancer can be mediated by the direct inhibition of glucose uptake in cancer cells, as well as by systemic effects. In conclusion, there is evidence suggesting a potential role of SGLT2 inhibitors against different types of cancer. The most convincing evidence exists for lung and breast adenocarcinomas, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pancreatic cancer. Several ongoing clinical trials will provide more information on the efficacy of SGLT2 inhibitors against cancer.
A Unique Dual-Shell Structure with Highly Active Ni@SiC/CNT/CNF Microwave Catalysts
Authors: Liu Xizong , Zhang Yulei , Wu Heng , Zhang Dongsheng , Liu Jiaqi , Ouyang Haibo
Published: January 2025

Microwave-assisted catalytic oxidation (MACO) is a novel wastewater treatment technology for the efficient treatment degradation of organic wastewater. However, a single carbon material or SiC has limited absorption of electromagnetic waves, and the efficiency of using it as a microwave-assisted organic catalyst is not satisfactory. To improve the absorption and microwave-assisted degradation performance of carbon matrix composites, a new carbon magnetic composite Ni@SiC/CNT/CNF microwave catalyst is constructed. By controlling the introduction of nickel, different numbers of carbon nanotubes are grown on the surface of carbon nanofibers, and C and SiC double-shell structures were formed on the top of the carbon nanotubes, which catalyzed the generation of active groups by the thermal effect generated by the plasma discharge under the action of microwave field, thus realizing the highly efficient catalytic degradation of wastewater dyes. The results show that the Ni@SiC/CNT/CNF with the lowest reflection loss of RLmin = −9.26 dB exhibit excellent degradation capabilities with a degradation efficiency of 99.9% for methylene blue within 90 s under 450 W microwave irradiation.
Waste for Product: Pd and Pt Nanoparticle-Modified Ni Foam as a Universal Catalyst for Hydrogen/Oxygen Evolution Reaction and Methyl Orange Degradation
Authors: Druciarek Julia , Kutyła Dawid , Pach Adrianna , Kula Anna , Luty-Błocho Magdalena
Published: January 2025

Declining natural resources make the recovery of metals from waste solutions a promising alternative. Moreover, processing waste into a finished product has its economic justification and benefits. Thus, the aim of this research was developing a Waste for Product strategy, indicating the possibility of processing solutions with a low content of platinum-group metals for catalyst synthesis. The results obtained confirmed that diluted synthetic waste solutions containing trace amount of valuable metal ions (Pd, Pt) can be used for the process of catalyst synthesis. Catalysts produced in the form of palladium and platinum nanoparticles were successfully deposited on a Ni foam due to the galvanic displacement mechanism. Synthesized catalysts were characterized using UV-Vis spectrophotometry, SEM/EDS, and XRD techniques. Electro- and catalytic properties were tested for hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions and methyl orange degradation, respectively. The results obtained from electrocatalytic tests indicated that the modification of the nickel foam surface by waste solutions consisting of noble metals ions as Pd and Pt can significantly increase the activity in hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in comparison to non-treated samples. Catalytic tests performed for the process of methyl orange degradation shorten the time of the process from several hours to 15 min. The most favorable results were obtained for the catalysts in the following order Pd1.0Pt0@Ni > Pd0Pt1.0@Ni > Pd0.5Pt0.5@Ni > Ni foam > no catalyst, indicating the best catalytic performance for catalyst containing pure palladium nanoparticles deposited on the nickel surface.
Origin, Function, and Implications of Intestinal and Hepatic Macrophages in the Pathogenesis of Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease
Authors: Hu Yifan , Schnabl Bernd , Stärkel Peter
Published: January 2025

Macrophages are members of the human innate immune system, and the majority reside in the liver. In recent years, they have been recognized as essential players in the maintenance of liver and intestinal homeostasis as well as key guardians of their respective immune systems, and they are increasingly being recognized as such. Paradoxically, they are also likely involved in chronic pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract and potentially in the alteration of the gut–liver axis in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD). To date, the causal relationship between macrophages, the pathogenesis of ALD, and the immune dysregulation of the gut remains unclear. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of the heterogeneity of intestinal and hepatic macrophages, their ontogeny, the potential factors that regulate their origin, and the evidence of how they are associated with the manifestation of chronic inflammation. We will also illustrate how the micro-environment of the intestine shapes the phenotypes and functionality of the macrophage compartment in both the intestines and liver and how they change during chronic alcohol abuse. Finally, we highlight the obstacles to current research and the prospects for this field.
Snow Resources and Climatic Variability in Jammu and Kashmir, India
Authors: Bhat Aaqib Ashraf , Dhondiram Poul Durga , Gupta Saurabh Kumar , Kanga Shruti , Singh Suraj Kumar , Meraj Gowhar , Kumar Pankaj , Sajan Bhartendu
Published: January 2025

Climate change is profoundly impacting snow-dependent regions, altering hydrological cycles and threatening water security. This study examines the relationships between snow water equivalent (SWE), snow cover, temperature, and wind speed in Jammu and Kashmir, India, over five decades (1974–2024). Using ERA5 reanalysis and Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) datasets, we reveal significant declines in SWE and snow cover, particularly in high-altitude regions such as Kupwara and Bandipora. A Sen’s slope of 0.0016 °C per year for temperature highlights a steady warming trend that accelerates snowmelt, shortens snow cover duration, and reduces streamflow during critical agricultural periods. Strong negative correlations between SWE and temperature (r = −0.7 to −0.9) emphasize the dominant role of rising temperatures in SWE decline. Wind speed trends exhibit weaker correlations with SWE (r = −0.2 to −0.4), although localized effects on snow redistribution and evaporation are evident. Temporal snow cover analyses reveal declining winter peaks and diminished summer runoff contributions, exacerbating water scarcity. These findings highlight the cascading impacts of climate variability on snow hydrology, water availability, and regional ecosystems. Adaptive strategies, including real-time snow monitoring, sustainable water management, and climate-resilient agricultural practices, are imperative for mitigating these challenges in this sensitive Himalayan region.
Crystallization of High-Performance Metallic Materials
Authors: Mu Wangzhong , Chen Chao
Published: January 2025

Crystallization includes liquid/solid and solid/solid phase transitions, important processes for improving engineering material performance, which have attracted significant attention in the community. The current Special Issue (SI) entitled ‘Crystallization of High-Performance Metallic Materials’ has collected twelve research papers focusing on different aspects of the crystallization of metallic materials, e.g., the solidification of steel, fatigue and fracture behaviors of magnesium composites, nucleation of intermetallic compounds in aluminum alloys, microstructure evolution in nickel-based super-alloys, etc. The summary of crystallization behaviors at different temperature ranges in different metallic materials contributes to the state of the art of engineering material development.
High-Frequency Ultrasonography in Hair and Nail Disorders—How It May Be Helpful
Authors: Polańska Adriana , Mikiel Dominik , Szymoniak-Lipska Marta , Olszewska Barbara , Dańczak-Pazdrowska Aleksandra
Published: January 2025

Ultrasonography is a recognized method of tissue visualization in medicine, which is based on the use of mechanical waves (ultrasound). Its application in dermatology requires the use of higher frequencies, hence the use of high-frequency ultrasonography (HFUS) is recommended. HFUS has gained approval in many areas of dermatology, including imaging of skin appendages [nail unit (NU) and hair follicles]. The analysis of the changing echogenicity of structures under the influence of inflammatory and neoplastic processes is used to assess the extent of the disease, treatment planning as well as in monitoring therapeutic effects. The aim of our work is to present the possibilities of visualizing NUs and scalps with the use of HFUS.
Mitigating Cybercrimes in E-Government Services: A Systematic Review and Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Mushtaq Shahrukh , Shah Mahmood
Published: January 2025

Cybercrime prevention is critical for the effective functioning of e-government services. Despite its importance, internal cybercrime mitigation processes within these services are underrepresented in the existing literature. This study addresses this gap by conducting a systematic review and bibliometric analysis of e-government research from January 2015 to January 2025. Using the Web of Science and Scopus databases, 3790 studies were identified; after removing duplicates, bibliometric analysis was performed using R Studio (Build 467). The analysis revealed that Government Information Quarterly was the leading journal, with China, the USA, and the UK contributing the most publications. Nineteen major themes emerged, with “adoption” identified as the dominant theme, followed by “governance” and “development”. Among 88 security-related studies, 19 specifically addressed cybersecurity in e-government services. Findings indicate a predominant focus on user-centric perspectives, such as service adoption and system vulnerabilities, while internal cybersecurity issues, including managerial practices and mitigation strategies, remain largely unexplored. Limited data availability may contribute to this gap. This study highlights the need for future research to adopt an integrated approach, emphasising management-level practices for cybercrime mitigation within e-government institutions from both developing and developed nations.
A Survey of Physicians’ Knowledge and Practices Towards Oral Appliance Therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Treatment
Authors: Ananwattananon Chaniporn , Boonpratham Supatchai , Satravaha Yodhathai , Chaweewannakorn Chaiyapol , Peanchitlertkajorn Supakit
Published: January 2025

Background: Oral appliance therapy (OAT) is an effective treatment alternative for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Understanding physicians’ knowledge and practices regarding OAT is crucial for improving OSA treatment, particularly in Southeast Asia, where there is limited research on this topic. Objectives: This study sought to survey physicians’ knowledge and practices regarding OAT for OSA treatment. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted among Thai physicians attending the annual Sleep Society of Thailand meeting. The questionnaire included questions on demographics (six items), educational background (four items), OAT knowledge (two items), indications (three items), effectiveness (seven items), referral practices (five items), treatment planning (eight items), and the importance of OAT education (one item). Descriptive and comparative analyses were performed using SPSS to assess differences in knowledge and referral practices across various demographics. Results: This study achieved a response rate of 51.7% (30/58), with the respondents averaging 37.8 ± 6.0 years in age and 13.7 ± 6.7 years in practice. Although over 66.7% of the respondents recognized OAT’s effectiveness and understood its indications, only 36.7% regularly prescribed OAT, and 57.7% referred patients to specific dentists. Knowledge and referral practices differed significantly based on years of practice and postgraduate training in sleep medicine. Physicians with 11–20 years of practice demonstrated higher pediatric OAT knowledge scores compared to those with less experience. Those with postgraduate training achieved higher adult OAT knowledge scores and had greater referral experience. Conclusions: Despite the general awareness and good knowledge of OAT among physicians, clinical use and referral rates remain low. To bridge the gap between knowledge and practice, it is recommended that postgraduate training in dental sleep medicine is promoted and further research is conducted to identify barriers to the adoption of OAT.
Practice or Praxis? A Theoretical Classification System for STEAM Education
Authors: Yeomans Lucy , Chappell Kerry , Hetherington Lindsay , Bresciani Sabrina , Unterfrauner Elisabeth , Fabian Claudia Magdalena , Koulouris Pavlos
Published: January 2025

Research in STEAM education continues to develop, and yet the literature in this area is often theoretically ‘light’. Given the importance of theory to provide explanatory power, the aim of this paper is to offer a theoretical classification system to be used as a tool for researchers and practitioners in this area. Derived from literature searches on STEAM education within open science/schooling, secondary/tertiary education intersection and global challenges, 26 frameworks were identified from 26 academic sources and refined based on their coherence and strong theoretical heritage. A relational ontology was proposed as a recurring theme and is a foundational aspect of the final classification system, signifying a shift from traditional models of STEAM that trivialise the ‘arts’ as utility disciplines. The 26 individual frameworks are organised into four approaches: ‘experiential real-world interactions’, ‘human psychological and cognitive’, ‘social, spatial, and material interconnectivity’, and ‘cultural and equity’. The overall classification system provides a starting point for researchers and educators navigating theoretically driven yet diverse STEAM implementation and understanding its impact depending on, and in response to, their preferred methodology. This system is novel in its treatment of theoretical perspectives, and its dynamic nature allows for the inclusion of further frameworks in the future.
Methodology of an Energy Efficient-Embedded Self-Adaptive Software Design for Multi-Cores and Frequency-Scaling Processors Used in Real-Time Systems
Authors: Ciopiński Leszek
Published: January 2025

In a kind of system, where strong time constraints exist, very often, worst-case design is applied. It could drive to the suboptimal usage of resources. In previous work, the mechanism of self-adaptive software that is able to reduce this was presented. This paper introduces a novel extension of the method for self-adaptive software synthesis applicable for real-time multicore embedded systems with dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS). It is based on a multi-criteria approach to task scheduling, optimizing both energy consumption and proof against time delays. The method can be applied to a wide range of embedded systems, such as multimedia systems or Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). The main aim of this research is to find the method of automatic construction of the task scheduler that is able to minimize energy consumption during the varying execution times of each task.
Collision Avoidance in Autonomous Vehicles Using the Control Lyapunov Function–Control Barrier Function–Quadratic Programming Approach with Deep Reinforcement Learning Decision-Making
Authors: Chen Haochong , Zhang Fengrui , Aksun-Guvenc Bilin
Published: January 2025

Collision avoidance and path planning are critical topics in autonomous vehicle development. This paper presents the progressive development of an optimization-based controller for autonomous vehicles using the Control Lyapunov Function–Control Barrier Function–Quadratic Programming (CLF-CBF-QP) approach. This framework enables a vehicle to navigate to its destination while avoiding obstacles. A unicycle model is utilized to incorporate vehicle dynamics. A series of simulations were conducted, starting with basic model-in-the-loop (MIL) non-real-time simulations, followed by real-time simulations. Multiple scenarios with different controller configurations and obstacle setups were tested, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed controllers in avoiding collisions. Real-time simulations in Simulink were used to demonstrate that the proposed controller could compute control actions for each state within a very short timestep, highlighting its computational efficiency. This efficiency underscores the potential for deploying the controller in real-world vehicle autonomous driving systems. Furthermore, we explored the feasibility of a hierarchical control framework comprising deep reinforcement learning (DRL), specifically a Deep Q-Network (DQN)-based high-level controller and a CLF-CBF-QP-based low-level controller. Simulation results show that the vehicle could effectively respond to obstacles and generate a successful trajectory towards its goal.
A Review of Multi-Temporal Scale Regulation Requirements of Power Systems and Diverse Flexible Resource Applications
Authors: Li Fan , Wang Hongzhen , Liu Dong , Sun Ke
Published: January 2025

With the increasing integration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power, the regulation requirements of power systems have become more dynamic and complex. This paper provides a comprehensive review of multi-temporal scale regulation requirements and explores the application of diverse flexible resources across different time scales. The regulation demands are categorized into short, medium, and long-term scales, each presenting unique challenges that need to be addressed for efficient power system operation. Existing studies primarily focus on the adjustment of a single time scale, often overlooking the interplay between multiple time scales. This paper critically analyzes the limitations of previous approaches and demonstrates the need for more holistic and flexible solutions. The research results show that integrating diverse, flexible resources, including energy storage systems (ESS) and demand response (DR), can effectively meet regulation needs across various time scales. Additionally, the paper identifies the potential of hydrogen-based solutions to address emerging challenges in power system regulation. The findings highlight the importance of combining multiple flexible resources to improve system resilience and sustainability, offering a pathway toward more efficient and adaptable power systems.
Effects on the Unit Commitment of a District Heating System Due to Seasonal Aquifer Thermal Energy Storage and Solar Thermal Integration
Authors: Verheyen Joana , Thommessen Christian , Roes Jürgen , Hoster Harry
Published: January 2025

The ongoing transformation of district heating systems (DHSs) aims to reduce emissions and increase renewable energy sources. The objective of this work is to integrate solar thermal (ST) and seasonal aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) in various scenarios applied to a large DHS. Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is used to develop a comprehensive model that minimizes operating costs, including heat pumps (HPs), combined heat and power (CHP) units, electric heat boilers (EHBs), heat-only boilers (HOBs), short-term thermal energy storage (TES), and ATES. Different ATES scenarios are compared to a reference without seasonal TES (potential of 15.3 GWh of ST). An ATES system with an injection well temperature of about 55 °C has an overall efficiency of 49.8% (58.6% with additional HPs) and increases the integrable amount of ST by 178% (42.5 GWh). For the scenario with an injection well temperature of 20 °C and HPs, the efficiency is 86.6% and ST is increased by 276% (57.5 GWh). The HOB heat supply is reduced by 8.9% up to 36.6%. However, the integration of an ATES is not always economically or environmentally beneficial. There is a high dependency on the configurations, prices, or emissions allocated to electricity procurement. Further research is of interest to investigate the sensitivity of the correlations and to apply a multi-objective MILP optimization.
Flow of Fluids with Pressure-Dependent Viscosity in Between Intersecting Planes
Authors: Herbst Rhameez S. , Harley Charis , Rajagopal Kumbakonam R.
Published: January 2025

The flow of an incompressible power-law fluid through a convergent channel is considered, where the viscosity is chosen to be pressure dependent. Instead of utilizing the classical similarity transformation traditionally employed when considering Jeffery-Hamel flow, allowing for purely radial solutions for the velocity field, we allow for flow in both the radial and angular directions. We develop a numerical scheme that conserves the pressure-dependent viscosity at each cell in the computational grid. We recover the classical solution to the problem, and through our numerical solutions, we observe not only that the tangential velocities are not negligible, but also that flow reversal occurs, as illustrated by solutions with varying flow regimes. Decreasing the angle of the channel causes the magnitude of the velocity to decrease, while shorter channels lead to an increase in the magnitude of the radial and tangential velocities. In the case of the latter, this could indicate that in shorter channels, the tangential velocity has a larger impact on the occurrence of flow reversal. For more varied flow regimes, the magnitude of the radial and tangential velocities increases.
Consumer Expectations for Cream Cheese: A Category Appraisal Study in the United Kingdom with Dairy and Plant-Based Variants in Various Flavours
Authors: Jaeger Sara R. , Chheang Sok L. , Schouteten Joachim J.
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the present research was to deliver new knowledge of consumer expectations for plant-based (PB) alternatives to cream cheese (PBCCA) by conducting a category appraisal study. Around 1100 consumers from the United Kingdom (UK) who followed omnivore and flexitarian diets participated in an online survey. They evaluated 13 written stimuli presented as product names encompassing dairy cream cheese and PBCCAs in different flavours (original/natural, garlic/herb, salmon, strawberry, chocolate) and different product formulations (low-fat, lactose-free). A multi-response approach was used that obtained sensory, emotional, conceptual, and versatility product evaluations. The research findings, which matched predictions, showed: (1) negative product expectations for PBCCAs replicated across flavour variants, providing evidence of a systematic PB effect relative to cream cheese; (2) sensory and non-sensory drivers of expected product liking resembled those established for the cream cheese category with actual product experience; (3) sensory and non-sensory drivers of expected product versatility strongly resembled those of expected product liking; (4) groups of consumers existed with different preferences, including flavour and product type preferences (dairy, PBCCA); and (5) negative product expectations for PBCCAs translated to a stated behavioural preference for cream cheese over PBCCA, and dairy-based samples were chosen over their PB counterparts regardless of flavour. The category appraisal approach confirmed the systematic negative appeal of PBCCAs relative to their dairy counterparts. This was in line with findings from past research on other PB alternative foods and invites a rethinking of the appeal of this class of products to participants in this research, who represent a large segment of UK consumers.
HRMS Characterization and Antioxidant Evaluation of Costa Rican Spent Coffee Grounds as a Source of Bioactive Polyphenolic Extracts
Authors: Navarro-Hoyos Mirtha , Vargas-Huertas Luis Felipe , Chacón-Vargas Juan Diego , Leandro-Aguilar Valeria , Alvarado-Corella Diego , Vega-Baudrit Jose Roberto , Romero-Esquivel Luis Guillermo , Sánchez-Kopper Andrés , Monge-Navarro Andrea , Araya-Sibaja Andrea Mariela
Published: January 2025

Spent coffee grounds constitute a waste product that has attracted potential interest as a rich source of secondary metabolites such as polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties. In this work, aqueous extracts from samples of different spent coffee grounds from Costa Rica were prepared and analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry using a quadrupole time-of-flight analyzer (UPLC-QTOF-ESI MS). This allowed for the identification of twenty-one compounds, including fourteen phenolic acids, three caffeoylquinic lactones, and four atractyligenin diterpenes. In addition, using UPLC coupled with a diode array detector (UPLC-DAD), we quantified the levels of caffeine (0.55–3.42 mg/g dry weight [DW]) and six caffeoylquinic and feruloylquinic acids (0.47–5.34 mg/g DW). The highest value was found for the fine-grind sample (EXP), both for phenolic acids and for total polyphenols (9.59 mg gallic acid equivalents [GAE]/g DW), compared to 2.13 and 1.70 mg GAE/g DW for the medium-grind (GR) and coarse-grind samples (PCR), respectively. The results obtained from the antioxidant evaluations using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay (IC50 0.0964–6.005 g DW/L), the ferric-reducing antioxidant power (PFRAP) analysis (0.0215–0.1385 mmol FeSO4/g DW), the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assessment (45.7–309.7 μmol Trolox/g DW), and the Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) assay (3.94–23.47 mg Trolox/g DW) also showed the best values for the fine-grind sample, with results similar to or higher than those reported in the literature. Statistical Pearson correlation analysis (p < 0.05) indicated a high correlation (R ≥ 0.842) between all antioxidant analyses, the total polyphenols, and the phenolic acid quantification using UPLC-DAD. These results show the potential for further studies aiming to exploit this waste product’s bioactive properties, constituting the first detailed study of spent coffee grounds from Costa Rica.
Optimized Extraction Protocols for Bioactive Antioxidants from Commercial Seaweeds in Portugal: A Comparative Study of Techniques
Authors: Santos Francisca , Soares Cristina , Morais Stephanie L. , Neves Cátia , Grosso Clara , Ramalhosa Maria João , Vieira Mónica , Delerue-Matos Cristina , Domingues Valentina F.
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to optimize the extraction conditions for a valuable source of antioxidants: seaweed. Therefore, ten seaweed samples were subjected to a solid–liquid extraction (SLE), where the extraction conditions (biomass (g): solvent (mL) ratio, temperature, and time) were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The seaweeds were also subjected to subcritical water extraction (SWE) (140 and 190 °C) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) (10 and 20 min). The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was determined through the ferric-reducing antioxidant power and the 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid). The total phenolic content revealed the significance of temperature and biomass; solvent ratio parameters in the extraction process with higher conditions generally promoting the release of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, applying RSM allowed for the identification of optimal conditions and the establishment of predictive models that can be valuable in industrial-scale extraction processes. The antioxidant potency composite index (APCI) shows that SWE at 190 °C stands out, with E. bicyclis reaching an APCI score of 46.27%. The AGREEprep evaluation showed that UAE is the most sustainable method, achieving the highest score (0.69). The results of this study contribute to the development of efficient and standardized extraction protocols for each seaweed species, allowing for the maximum yield of antioxidants.
Evaluating the Potential of Copulas for Modeling Correlated Scenarios for Hydro, Wind, and Solar Energy
Authors: Iung Anderson M. , Cyrino Oliveira Fernando L. , Marcato Andre L. M. , Pereira Guilherme A. A.
Published: January 2025

The increasing global adoption of variable renewable energy (VRE) sources has transformed the use of forecasting, scenario planning, and other techniques for managing their inherent generation uncertainty and interdependencies. What were once desirable enhancements are now fundamental requirements. This is more prominent in Brazil, given the large hydro capacity that has been installed. Given the need to understand the interdependencies within variable renewable energy systems, copula-based techniques are receiving increasing consideration. The objective is to explore and model the correlation and complementarity, based on the copula approach, evaluating the potential of this methodology considering a case test composed of hydro, wind, and solar assets. The proposed framework simulated joint scenarios for monthly natural energy (streamflows transformed into energy), wind speed and solar radiation, applied to a small case test, considering historical data from the Brazilian energy system. The results demonstrate that simulated scenarios are validated by their ability to replicate key statistical attributes of the historical record, as well as the interplay and complementarity among hydrology, wind speed, and solar radiation.