bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medical Exam Question Answering with Large-scale Reading Comprehension
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Wu Ji , He Zhiyang , Liu Xien , Su Ying
Published: November 2022

Reading and understanding text is one important component in computer aided diagnosis in clinical medicine, also being a major research problem in the field of NLP.  In this work, we introduce a question-answering task called MedQA to study answering questions in clinical medicine using knowledge in a large-scale document collection. The aim of MedQA is to answer real-world questions with large-scale reading comprehension. We propose our solution SeaReader---a modular end-to-end reading comprehension model based on LSTM networks and dual-path attention architecture. The novel dual-path attention models information flow from two perspectives and has the ability to simultaneously read individual documents and integrate information across multiple documents. In experiments our SeaReader achieved a large increase in accuracy on MedQA over competing models.  Additionally, we develop a series of novel techniques to demonstrate the interpretation of the question answering process in SeaReader.
MathDQN: Solving Arithmetic Word Problems via Deep Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Wang Lei , Zhang Dongxiang , Gao Lianli , Song Jingkuan , Guo Long , Shen Heng Tao
Published: November 2022

Designing an automatic solver for math word problems has been considered as a crucial step towards general AI, with the ability of natural language understanding and logical inference. The state-of-the-art performance was achieved by enumerating all the possible expressions from the quantities in the text and customizing a scoring function to identify the one with the maximum probability. However, it incurs exponential search space with the number of quantities and beam search has to be applied to trade accuracy for efficiency. In this paper, we make the first attempt of applying deep reinforcement learning to solve arithmetic word problems. The motivation is that deep Q-network has witnessed success in solving various problems with big search space and achieves promising performance in terms of both accuracy and running time. To fit the math problem scenario, we propose our MathDQN that is customized from the general deep reinforcement learning framework. Technically, we design the states, actions, reward function, together with a feed-forward neural network as the deep Q-network. Extensive experimental results validate our superiority over state-of-the-art methods. Our MathDQN yields remarkable improvement on most of datasets and boosts the average precision among all the benchmark datasets by 15\%.
Chinese LIWC Lexicon Expansion via Hierarchical Classification of Word Embeddings with Sememe Attention
Authors: Zeng Xiangkai , Yang Cheng , Tu Cunchao , Liu Zhiyuan , Sun Maosong
Published: November 2022

Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (LIWC) is a word counting software tool which has been used for quantitative text analysis in many fields. Due to its success and popularity, the core lexicon has been translated into Chinese and many other languages. However, the lexicon only contains several thousand of words, which is deficient compared with the number of common words in Chinese. Current approaches often require manually expanding the lexicon, but it often takes too much time and requires linguistic experts to extend the lexicon. To address this issue, we propose to expand the LIWC lexicon automatically. Specifically, we consider it as a hierarchical classification problem and utilize the Sequence-to-Sequence model to classify words in the lexicon. Moreover, we use the sememe information with the attention mechanism to capture the exact meanings of a word, so that we can expand a more precise and comprehensive lexicon. The experimental results show that our model has a better understanding of word meanings with the help of sememes and achieves significant and consistent improvements compared with the state-of-the-art methods. The source code of this paper can be obtained from https://github.com/thunlp/Auto_CLIWC.
Incorporating Discriminator in Sentence Generation: a Gibbs Sampling Method
Authors: Su Jinyue , Xu Jiacheng , Qiu Xipeng , Huang Xuanjing
Published: November 2022

Generating plausible and fluent sentence with desired properties has long been a challenge. Most of the recent works use recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and their variants to predict following words given previous sequence and target label. In this paper, we propose a novel framework to generate constrained sentences via Gibbs Sampling. The candidate sentences are revised and updated iteratively, with sampled new words replacing old ones. Our experiments show the effectiveness of the proposed method to generate plausible and diverse sentences.
Dual Transfer Learning for Neural Machine Translation with Marginal Distribution Regularization
Authors: Wang Yijun , Xia Yingce , Zhao Li , Bian Jiang , Qin Tao , Liu Guiquan , Liu Tie-Yan
Published: November 2022

Neural machine translation (NMT) heavily relies on parallel bilingual data for training. Since large-scale, high-quality parallel corpora are usually costly to collect, it is appealing to exploit monolingual corpora to improve NMT. Inspired by the law of total probability, which connects the probability of a given target-side monolingual sentence to the conditional probability of translating from a source sentence to the target one, we propose to explicitly exploit this connection to learn from and regularize the training of NMT models using monolingual data. The key technical challenge of this approach is that there are exponentially many source sentences for a target monolingual sentence while computing the sum of the conditional probability given each possible source sentence. We address this challenge by leveraging the dual translation model (target-to-source translation) to sample several mostly likely source-side sentences and avoid enumerating all possible candidate source sentences. That is, we transfer the knowledge contained in the dual model to boost the training of the primal model (source-to-target translation), and we call such an approach dual transfer learning. Experiment results on English-French and German-English tasks demonstrate that dual transfer learning achieves significant improvement over several strong baselines and obtains new state-of-the-art results.
Using k-Way Co-Occurrences for Learning Word Embeddings
Authors: Bollegala Danushka , Yoshida Yuichi , Kawarabayashi Ken-ichi
Published: November 2022

Co-occurrences between two words provide useful insights into the semantics of those words.Consequently, numerous prior work on word embedding learning has used co-occurrences between two wordsas the training signal for learning word embeddings.However, in natural language texts it is common for multiple words to be related and co-occurring in the same context.We extend the notion of co-occurrences to cover k(≥2)-way co-occurrences among a set of k-words.Specifically, we prove a theoretical relationship between the joint probability of k(≥2) words, and the sum of l_2 norms of their embeddings. Next, we propose a learning objective motivated by our theoretical resultthat utilises k-way co-occurrences for learning word embeddings.Our experimental results show that the derived theoretical relationship does indeed hold empirically, anddespite data sparsity, for some smaller k(≤5) values, k-way embeddings perform comparably or better than 2-way embeddings in a range of tasks.
Blogs as Predictors of Movie Success
Authors: Sadikov Eldar , Parameswaran Aditya , Venetis Petros
Published: November 2022

Analysis of a comprehensive set of features extracted from blogs for prediction of movie sales is presented. We use correlation, clustering and time-series analysis to study which features are best predictors.
EFFECTS OF MAGNETIC FIELD AND THERMAL RADIATION ON DOUBLE DIFFUSION OF A SOLID PHASE IN THE TWO CONNECTED CIRCULAR CYLINDERS SUSPENDED BY NEPCM AND POROUS MEDIA
Authors: Aly Abdelraheem M. , Lewis Roland W. , Alsedias Noura
Published: November 2022

The novelty of the present work is studying the influences of thermal radiation and magnetic field on the double diffusion of solid phase in the novel cavity of two linked cylinders suspended by nano-encapsulated phase change materials (NEPCMs) and porous media. The complex cavity contains two circular cylinders connected by an open gate occupied by solid particles. Two different boundary conditions including hot and cold for the solid phase are conducted in this work. The incompressible smoothed particle hydrodynamics (ISPH) method is improved to solve the time-fractional governing equations of the physical problem. The mesh-free nature of the ISPH method helps in treating the different materials of the solid and fluid phases efficiently. The physical parameters are dimensionless time parameter τ, Hartmann number Ha, thermal radiation parameter Rd, fractional time-derivative α, Darcy parameter Da, Rayleigh number Ra, and fusion temperature θf. The main findings of the numerical simulations indicated that the fractional time-derivative parameter changes the transmission of heat-mass and nanofluid developments during the initial time steps. The Rayleigh number works well in improving the interactions between the solid and fluid phases due to the high buoyancy forces. Increasing the Rayleigh number improves the intensity of the temperature, concentration, and nanofluid speed in a cavity at Case 1 (C1) and Case 2 (C2). The phase change zone is changing according to the alterations of boundary conditions, Rayleigh number, and fusion temperature. Increasing thermal radiation parameter shrinks the nanofluid movements and mean Nusselt number Nu.
Bazı Brassicaceae bitkilerinin tohum unlarının domates ve hıyarda Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae)'ya karşı baskılayıcı etkisi
Authors: GÖZE ÖZDEMİR Fatma Gül
Published: November 2022

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Raphanus sativus L. (kırmızı turp), Lepidium sativum L. (tere) ve Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cav. (roka) (Brassicales: Brassicaceae)'nın toz haline getirilmiş tohumlarının domates ve salatalıkta Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid & White, 1919) Chitwood, 1949 (Tylenchida: Meloidogynidae) üzerindeki baskılayıcı etkinliğinin araştırılmasıdır. Çalışma, 2022 yılı Ocak-Nisan ayları arasında kontrollü koşullarda yürütülmüştür. Çalışma, bitkilerin tohum unlarının tekli, ikili ve üçlü olmak üzere 14 uygulamasından oluşmaktadır. Domates ve salatalıkların saksılara dikilmesinden bir hafta sonra 1 000 J2 ile nematod aşılaması yapılmıştır. Tohum unları, nematod aşılamasından üç gün sonra toprakla karıştırılmıştır. Uygulamadan altmış gün sonra, köklerdeki ur ve yumurta paketi 1-9 skalasına göre değerlendirilmiştir ve yüzde kontrol etki değerleri hesaplanmıştır. Gal ve yumurta paketi üzerinde en yüksek baskılayıcı etki domates ve hıyarda turp (2 g/bitki) + tere (2 g/bitki) + roka (2 g/bitki) üçlü uygulamasında saptanmıştır. İkili uygulamaların gal ve yumurta paketi üzerindeki kontrol etkisi, domates ve hıyarda %55'in üzerinde bulunmuştur. Her iki bitkide de tek başına 6 g/bitki turp tohum unu uygulamasının kontrol etkisinin, roka (2 g/bitki) + turp (2 g/bitki) ve tere (2 g/bitki) + turp (2 g/bitki) ikili uygulamaları ile benzer olduğu bulunmuştur. Tekli uygulamada en yüksek kontrol etki 6 g/bitki ile turp tohumu unundan elde edilmiştir. İkili uygulamalarda turp içerenlerin M. incognita üzerinde daha etkili olduğu bulunmuştur. Meloidogyne incognita üzerinde turp tohum unu uygulamasının tere ve rokaya göre daha başarılı kontrol sağladığı belirlenmiştir.
Eficiencia en la calidad del servicio de las Entidades Promotoras de Salud del régimen subsidiado colombiano
Authors: Mendoza Mendoza Adel Alfonso , De La Victoria Ojeda Melannye , Zárate Arroyo Allison Andrea
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Evaluar la eficiencia en la calidad del servicio de las Entidades Promotoras de Salud del régimen subsidiado durante los períodos comprendidos entre 2011-1 y 2014-1. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo de la calidad del servicio en las entidades promotoras de salud del régimen subsidiado soportado en la metodología del análisis envolvente de datos (DEA), utilizando el modelo propuesto por Charnes, Cooper y Rhodes orientado a las salidas. Se realiza una selección de un conjunto de variables a partir de la base de datos de la Superintendencia Nacional de Salud. Resultados: Los resultados indican que 14 de las 22 entidades evaluadas tienen una eficiencia superior al 90% durante el periodo de estudio. Conclusiones: El análisis envolvente de datos permitió identificar las entidades promotoras de salud (EPS) del régimen subsidiado que obtuvieron un buen desempeño en el período de estudio así mismo la eficiencia promedio no superó el 70%, lo que muestra que en la actualidad Colombia está pasando por una crisis en el sector de la salud.
Algunos planteamientos teóricos frente a los programas de transferencias condicionadas y el derecho a la alimentación
Authors: Mancilla López Lorena Patricia , Molina Marín Gloria
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Plantear un marco de referencia conceptual y teórico para el análisis de los PTCE y su papel frente al derecho a la alimentación. Materiales y métodos: Este manuscrito es una investigación de carácter teórica derivada de un estudio marco, el cual estuvo basado en el método de la teoría fundamentada y cuyo propósito fue comprender los significados de las políticas alimentarias para un grupo de beneficiarios. Resultados: El derecho a la alimentación tiene un contexto político y económico que corresponde a un Estado neoliberal, el cual centra su política social en la lucha contra la pobreza, aunque solo en algunas expresiones de ésta. La pobreza se concibe como déficit de capital humano y los programas de trasferencias condicionadas constituyen la estrategia emblemática de la política social en el neoliberalismo. En este escenario los programas de transferencias condicionadas se convierten en mecanismos para la inclusión de los pobres al mercado, en donde los sujetos deben procurarse su alimentación. Los análisis derivados de la investigación marco permiten comprender que los programas de transferencias en efectivo no resuelven la situación de seguridad alimentaria de los beneficiarios. Conclusión: Los programas de transferencias condicionadas, como parte de un enfoque de asistencia social residual, no garantizan el derecho a la alimentación, sino que abocan a los pobres procurarse por sí mismos su alimentación, en condiciones de franca desventaja frente al resto de la población.
Estrategias con adolescentes para prevenir el consumo problemático de alcohol: modalidades y ámbitos de aplicación
Authors: Biolatto Leonardo
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: Esta revisión tuvo como objetivo general identificar y describir las estrategias para la promoción de la salud con incidencia en la prevención del consumo problemático de alcohol en adolescentes que han sido evaluadas por estudios científicos. Materiales y métodos: Para ello se realizó un estudio cualitativo que revela la evidencia bibliográfica disponible sobre estrategias de prevención del consumo problemático de alcohol de adolescentes. Resultados: Se identificaron estrategias basadas en las escuelas, en las familias, multicomponente, de abordaje directo y legal, con sus aspectos positivos y negativos, así como su diferente grado de efectividad. Con base en ello, puede inferirse que las estrategias de mayor efectividad son aquellas con enfoque de educación para la salud psicosocial, intersectoriales, que trabajan con las familias, contextualizadas y enmarcadas en un cuerpo legislativo acorde. Conclusiones: La combinación de diversas estrategias ya validadas es más efectiva que la utilización de un solo tipo de estrategia.
Relación entre consumo de oxígeno, porcentaje de grasa e índice de masa corporal en universitarios
Authors: Fernández Rodríguez Jennifer Alejandra , Ramos Harol Stic , Santamaría Oscar Mauricio , Ramos Bermúdez Santiago
Published: November 2022

El VO2max es indicador de capacidad de trabajo e integridad del sistema cardiovascular. Objetivo: Correlacionar VO2max, porcentaje de grasa corporal, suma de pliegues cutáneos e IMC en estudiantes universitarios de Villavicencio, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: Estudio prospectivo, observacional, con alcance descriptivo y relacional, de corte transversal. Fue evaluada una muestra no probabilística, ni estratificada de 390 estudiantes (186 hombres, 204 mujeres) con edad media 21,34 D.E. 4,49 años, matriculados en cuatro universidades. El VO2max fue calculado a partir del Queens College Step Test y sus resultados analizados con las tablas del ACSM, el porcentaje de grasa mediante adipometría siguió los procedimientos estandarizados por la ISAK. Con el programa SPSS se evaluó la normalidad de la distribución (KS) y fueron calculadas media, desviación típica y correlación. Los participantes firmaron un consentimiento informado según Resolución 8430 de 1994. Resultados: Para toda la población evaluada se encontraron correlaciones negativas débiles entre el VO2max y la suma de pliegues de tríceps y subescapular (r=-0,198**, P=0,000), porcentaje de grasa (r=-0,216**, P=0,000). La correlación entre el VO2max y el IMC no fue significativa (P > 0,05). En hombres hubo correlaciones significativas negativas entre VO2max y suma de pliegues de tríceps y subescapular (r=-0,264**, p=0,000), tríceps y pierna media (r=-0,294, p=0,000), porcentaje de grasa (r=-0,286, p=0,000). En mujeres no se encontraron correlaciones significativas (p>0,05) entre VO2max y composición corporal. Conclusiones: Se encontraron correlaciones negativas débiles entre VO2max, suma de pliegues cutáneos y porcentaje de grasa corporal solamente en hombres; no se halló relación entre VO2max e IMC.
Medición de la cultura de seguridad del paciente en profesionales de salud de atención primaria.
Authors: Camacho Rodríguez Doriam Esperanza
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: determinar el nivel de cultura de seguridad del paciente en profesionales de salud de atención primaria. Materiales y métodos: estudio correlacional de corte transversal, en el que participaron 51 profesionales de la salud de 14 centros de salud de Bucaramanga en 2017. Se utilizó la encuesta Cultura de seguridad del paciente en atención primaria. La información se analizó mediante el paquete estadístico PAST versión 3.08 y se aplicaron las pruebas estadísticas x2 de homogeneidad y U de Mann Whitney. Resultados: se evidenció que ninguna de las dimensiones fue categorizada como fortaleza o debilidad y se obtuvo una puntuación global positiva de 45%. La cultura de seguridad fue mejor valorada por la población femenina y entre los profesionales de terapia ocupacional, fonoaudiología y fisioterapia. Las dimensiones con mejor calificación fueron puntuación global e intercambio de información con otros servicios asistenciales. Se encontraron diferencias significativas con las variables edad, profesión, antigüedad en el trabajo, número de horas trabajadas en la semana y tipo de contrato. Conclusiones: la cultura de seguridad del paciente en las instituciones evaluadas no se percibe como una fortaleza, evidenciando la necesidad de planes de mejoramiento orientados a esta área.
Derecho a la salud en el trabajo : vulneración y fragmentación en su comprensión y materialización.
Authors: Marín Ospina Yuly Andrea , Higuita Higuita Yomaira , Guerra Mazo Diana Patricia , Gómez Ceballos Diego Alexander , Soto Velásquez Mónica Lucía
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: describir la problemática de hombres y mujeres trabajadores que al percibir vulnerado su derecho a la salud en el trabajo por sufrir presuntos o declarados ATEL, buscaron apoyo e interpusieron uno o más recursos constitucionales para lograr su restablecimiento efectivo. Materiales y métodos: estudio mixto. Se aplicó encuesta a 189 trabajadores que sufrieron un presunto o reconocido evento de ATEL y que buscaron apoyo en los servicios de extensión solidaria de la Universidad de Antioquia o en organizaciones de derechos humanos en Medellín. La encuesta captó datos sociodemográficos, de seguridad social, laborales, del SGSST, de los antecedentes, ocurrencia y consecuencias de los ATEL y los recursos interpuestos. Para el abordaje cualitativo se realizó: i) una entrevista en profundidad con un médico laboral y abogado independiente y ii) cuatro grupos focales con trabajadores que sufrieron ATEL, sindicalistas, abogados y médicos representantes de ARL, académicos. Resultados: los trabajadores más vulnerables fueron los más afectados en su derecho. Los agentes que integran el SGRL hacen un abordaje fragmentado de la salud y el trabajo que facilita la vulneración del derecho. Los trabajadores que sufren ATEL deben enfrentar barreras económicas, administrativas y de acceso a salud para restituir su derecho. Conclusiones: el trabajo decente y digno es un horizonte hacia el cual se deben apuntar los esfuerzos para que los trabajadores más vulnerados históricamente conquisten y sostengan una vida plena, digna y saludable. Los recursos como la acción de tutela contribuyen a lograr el cumplimiento del derecho a la salud en el trabajo.
Calidad de los instrumentos que valoran las funciones de la atención primaria : revisión sistemática.
Authors: Giraldo Osorio Alexandra , Vélez Álvarez Consuelo , Berra Silvina , Perdomo Rubio Alejandro
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: evaluar las propiedades métricas de los instrumentos que valoran las funciones de la atención primaria en salud desde la perspectiva de usuarios. Métodos: revisión sistemática. Se utilizaron los descriptores “primary health care”, “questionnaires”, “psychometrics”, “outcome measurement” y “process measurement”. Los criterios de inclusión fueron publicaciones de revistas científicas en español, inglés y portugués, estudios de validación de cuestionarios que evaluaran funciones de la atención primaria en salud. Las propiedades métricas de los instrumentos se valoraron mediante el cuestionario EMPRO (por su sigla en inglés: Evaluating Measures of Patient Reported Outcomes). Resultados: se identificaron 28 artículos que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. Los cuestionarios que resultaron adecuados para su aplicación fueron 11, y de estos, ocho partían del PCAT (por su sigla en inglés: Primary Care Assessment Tool), ya que reunieron más evidencias sobre la calidad de sus propiedades métricas. Conclusiones: existen cuestionarios para evaluar las funciones esenciales de la atención primaria en salud. Las propiedades métricas del PCAT fueron adecuadas en la mayoría de las versiones adaptadas y validadas, por lo que permite obtener resultados confiables.
The impact of agricultural mechanization on smallholder agricultural productivity: Evidence from Mnquma Local Municipality in the Eastern Cape Province
Authors: Mdoda L. , Mdletshe S.T.C. , DYIKI M.C. , Gidi L.
Published: November 2022

Smallholder agriculture is one of the imperative segments in the South African economy and it remains a vital sector for livelihood generation. Despite its numerous benefits and efforts, smallholder productivity has not improved as expected due to many underlying factors. This paper investigates factors influencing and the impact of agricultural mechanisation on smallholder agricultural production in Mquma Local Municipality located in the Eastern Cape Province. The study applied a descriptive survey research design. A stratified sampling procedure was used to gather information from 120 smallholder farmers using a semi-structured survey. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics, a Logistic Regression Model, and Propensity Score Matching. The results of the study reveal that about 90% of the smallholder farmers were using agricultural mechanisation for farming. The use of agricultural mechanisation has an impact on smallholder agricultural production. It ensured a proliferation in smallholder productivity, farm returns, and crop intensity. The study recommends that government and relevant stakeholders must develop effective agricultural access to credit by farmers as a strategy for increasing the adoption attitude to agricultural mechanization. The study suggests that reinforcement of the promotion of innovative technology adoption will have a crucial role in improving smallholder agriculture.
Challenges in the supply chain of cabbage in Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan municipality, Eastern Cape, South Africa
Authors: Zenda M. , Dyeyi M.
Published: November 2022

The main objective of the study was to advance good supply chain management practices for cabbage through improved shelf life, safety and produce quality, with a view to improving the sustainable supply of cabbage to the Nelson Mandela Bay Metropolitan Municipality. Twenty-nine (29) cabbage farmers were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. The data obtained was analysed descriptively using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software Version 22. Descriptive statistics identified the modes, means of variables, frequencies, and percentages. The results of the study showed that the majority respondents face cabbage losses due to poor management during transportation. Moreover, challenges experienced by the cabbage farmers included mould growth, poor transport services, poor temperature management, poor stock handling practices, and location of the farms in relation to the market. The findings further revealed that insect infestation in some cabbage consignments was also a contributing factor which led to a high rejection rate among the retailers. The researchers propose that extension advisers should train cabbage farmers to address the identified challenges and ensure a regular monitoring and evaluation process to ensure the success of farmers.
Assessment of extension services on capacity building of smallholder livestock farmers in Midvaal local municipality, Gauteng province
Authors: Manyakanyaka B. , Modirwa S. , Tshwene C. , Maoba S.
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of extension services on capacity building of smallholder livestock farmers in Midvaal Local Municipality, Gauteng Province, South Africa. A simple random sample technique was used to select the participants, so that individual farmers in the study population could have an equal chance of being selected in the study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from 148 smallholder livestock farmers. The data gathered from participants was coded and captured in Microsoft Excel. Descriptive statistics such as frequency counts, mean, percentages, standard deviation, ranking order, and inferential statistics such as binary logistic regression were used to analyse the data. Results showed that technical farm visits (M = 3.3, SD = ±1.36) and informal training (M = 3.2, SD = ±1.31) were effective extension methods. Furthermore, they showed that extension services were less effective at enabling farmers to penetrate formal markets (M = 2,0 SD = ±1.06) and access finance (M = 1.9, SD = ±1.01). The binary logistic regression model revealed that gender and farming status were the main variables that significantly (P<0.05) influenced smallholder livestock farmers’ access to extension services. It was concluded that extension services in the study area were playing a major role in the capacity building of smallholder livestock farmers.
Machine learning to improve prognosis prediction of metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy and systemic therapy
Authors: Yang Wenjie , Ma Lin , Dong Jie , Wei Mengchao , Ji Ruoyu , Chen Hualin , Xue Xiaoqiang , Li YIngjie , Jin Zhaoheng , Xu Weifeng , Ji Zhigang
Published: November 2022

Cytoreductive nephrectomy (CN) combined with systemic therapy is commonly used to treat metastatic clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (mccRCC). However, prognostic models for these patients are limited. In the present study, the clinical data of 782 mccRCC patients who received both CN and systemic therapy were obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2010-2016), and patients were divided into training and internal test cohorts. A total of 144 patients who met the same criteria from our center (Peking Union Medical College Hospital) were placed in the external test cohort. The cancer-specific survival rate (CSS) at 1, 3, and 5 years was set as the research outcome. Then, four ML models, i.e., a gradient boosting machine (GBM), support vector machine (SVM), random forest (RF), and logistic regression (LR), were established. Fifteen potential independent features were included in this study.  Model performance was evaluated using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), calibration plots, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Seven clinical features, namely pathological grade, T stage, N stage, number of metastatic sites, brain or liver metastases, and metastasectomy were selected for subsequent analysis via the recursive feature elimination (RFE) algorithm. In conclusion, the GBM model performed best at 1-, 3- and 5-year CSS prediction (0.836, 0.819 and 0.808, respectively in the internal test cohort and 0.819, 0.805 and 0.786, respectively in the external cohort). Furthermore, we divided the patients into three strata (high-, intermediate- and low-risk) via X-tile analysis and concluded that clinically individualized treatment can be aided by these practical prognostic models.
BIM methodology implementation in structural design: Adaptation of procedures and information management
Authors: Gonçalo Ferreira Azevedo
Published: November 2022

Building Information Modelling (BIM) is a methodology that accompanies technological evolution and consists of a set of processes and tools that allows the creation of a three-dimensional digital model. This model centralizes information, facilitating its access and exchange between the entities along the life cycle of a building. This study focuses on the application of BIM methodology within the framework of a structural design, identifying the benefits and limitations that it provides and indicating strategies that may be used to improve the quality of a project. A structural model was created through BIM-based platforms and then transferred to the calculation software where the structural analysis and design were carried out. After this, through the conceived digital model, various applications that it allows were explored, namely, the method of coordination and collaboration, detection of conflicts, production of drawings, the budget, and an immediate evaluation of the environmental impact of the structure This study demonstrates a significant improvement in the quality of the structural design. Therefore, even though some limitations still exist, the implementation of this methodology is essential to improve the process in the AEC sector.
Friendship: Perspectives From Two Modern Plays
Authors: Rawashdeh Mohammed A.
Published: November 2022

From ancient times until the nineteenth century, loyalty, trust, understanding, forbearance, and empathy were only some of the merits one expected to find as the foundation of true friendship in Western culture.  For instance, Aristotle insists that friendship must be “reciprocal” and “must involve a wish for the good of the loved one as an end in itself”. Any friendship based on personal gains, whether tangible or not, would have been dismissed as false friendship. The transition from the relatively simple life of Aristotle’s time and the following centuries to the complex modern age has produced a dramatic change in the Western culture, a change that evidently encompassed the concept of friendship. Whereas the Industrial Revolution initiated a gradual change, shifting the world’s economy from an agricultural to an industrial one, the transition from friendships of ‘excellence’ to friendships of ‘utility’ and ‘pleasure’ was rather more accelerated, in the sense that what was viewed as superficial relationships became, over a short period of time, dominant in modern Western culture and recognized as manifestations of friendship. This study explores this cultural change as depicted in two modern dramas— The Cherry Orchard by Anton Chekhov and A Doll’s House by Henrik Ibsen.
Information Technologies and Language: The Impact of CAT Systems on Improving the Efficiency of Translators' Training
Authors: Skripak Irina Anatolyevna , Shatskaya Anastasia Vladimirovna , Ukhanova Ekaterina Vladimirovna , Tkachenko Anastasia Evgenievna , Simonova Nadezhda Aleksandrovna
Published: November 2022

The translator uses programs with different functions designed to improve, optimize, and ensure the quality of the translation process. The ability to use automated translation programs and knowledge of various CAT and applied tools significantly improve the productivity and quality of work, leading to an increase in the translator’s competitiveness. The purpose of the article is to show that the use of the functional capabilities of CAT systems in the implementation of written translation has a positive effect on forming contemporary professional and personal competencies of students, as well as on improving the quality of training of future translators. The article presents a comparative analysis of CAT programs, considers their main and advanced functional features, and identifies factors for improving the quality of student training in the course of integrating CAT systems into translation training. It is concluded that employing CAT systems in teaching translation leads to an increase in the quality of education in general. It brings the learning process closer to the working conditions of the real translation industry, orients students professionally, opens up opportunities to work with modern text formats and contents, and expands students' vision of the modern market of linguistic services and the relationship of linguistics with computer technologies. It also improves students' general computer literacy and their participation in real translation projects.
Submission to Subversion: An Analytical Study of Meena Kandasamy's ‘When I Hit You: Or, A Portrait of the Writer as a Young Wife’
Authors: Alapati Purnachandra Rao , Mantri Venkata Raghu Ram , G Kalpana Devi , V. Subba Rao V.
Published: November 2022

Meena Kandasamy tries to create an identity among the galaxy of Indian writers in English as a poet, novelist and translator. She deals with caste annihilation, feminism and linguistic identity. Meena Kandasamy's novel, 'When I Hit You: Or, A Portrait of the Writer as a Young Wife', deals with the suppression of women in the name of patriarchal society in educated families. She explains the story of a highly educated Indian woman from an affluent family who marries a respected college professor. He seems to be a man who is a social rights activist outside the home, but he abuses his wife at home. Kandasamy depicts a dreadful picture explaining her husband's strategies to keep her under his control. In this context, she delineates the emotions a woman undergoes while adjusting herself to the situation in the family. The writer attempts to develop the status of a woman by discussing more the turmoil she comes across in every part of her life. She wants to disclose to the world that a woman is a human being. She is wise enough to remain uncrushed and unperturbed despite challenges and hostilities. The novel vividly depicts the power game between men and women in Indian families and other societies.
On interseismic elevation changes observed near 75.5° E longitude in the NW Himalaya
Authors: Gahalaut V. K. , Chander R.
Published: November 2022

We interpret in this article the available observations of interseismic elevation changes along the Pathankot-Dalhousie leveling line near 75.5° E longitude in the NW Himalaya. We find the data consistent with the view that the major earthquakes of this section of the Himalayan convergent plate margin may occur in a manner similar to that inferred for subduction zones along the Pacific rim. In both cases, the main thrust zone (MTZ), a dipwise section of the plate boundary fault (PBF), which ruptures during major earthquakes, is locked in the interseismic period, and the overlying rocks experience downdip drag due to subduction of underlying rocks at the local plate convergence rate. We estimate that the MTZ may have a downdip width of only 25 km in the vicinity of the leveling line. We estimate also that, in the current interseismic period, enough strain may have accumulated already for the next major earthquake of the region.
Photoresponsive Hydrogels Enable Geometrically Tunable Blood Shunts for Pediatric Use
Authors:   , Mishin Victor , Rodell Christopher B. , Throckmorton Amy
Published: November 2022

Blood shunts are fixed-diameter tubes, commonly used in heart reconstruction surgeries, including for the treatment of congenital cardiovascular defects. For children born with severe heart defects, such as hypoplastic left heart syndrome, the implantation of a shunt connecting the right subclavian artery and the pulmonary artery allows for single ventricle circulatory support. This life saving procedure is required in the first days of life. However, postoperative mortality rates remain high despite decades of treatment optimization; this is because current shunts are unable to provide increasing blood flow as the infant grows. Here, we develop a geometrically tunable blood shunt that can grow with the child on demand, allowing for increased blood flow through the inner lumen. The ability of the shunt to change in diameter is afforded by affixing a coating of dextran methacrylate (DexMA) hydrogel to the interior surface of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tubing; the interior lumen is expanded by additional hydrogel crosslinking. To optimize hydrogel contraction, DexMA was synthesized with a range of methacrylate substitutions (10% to 95%). The modified DexMA polymers were subject to mechanical testing to optimize crosslinking conditions (i.e., photoinitiator concentration, light exposure times, and light intensities). A two-step photocrosslinking process ([lambda]=400-500nm, 1mW/cm2, 1mM LAP photoinitiator) was developed to i) cast the hydrogel while retaining vinyl groups and ii) induce contraction via secondary curing. Alternatively, the initial casting step was replaced with a dithiol-mediated crosslinking scheme to retain a better-defined concentration of photoresponsive methacrylate groups for the secondary crosslinking procedure. Volumetric decreases during curing were dependent on photoinitiator concentration, polymer modification, concentration, and the duration of light exposure. Optimization of these conditions in both crosslinking approaches enabled >20% reduction in hydrogel volume. A three-month degradation study revealed the formed hydrogels to be stable throughout the intended period of implantation in clinical scenarios with minimal dependence on hydrogel formulation. Additionally, the DexMA polymers and formed hydrogels were shown to minimally impact cell viability, to have favorable non-immunogenic profiles, and were non-hemolytic according to ASTM F756. For hydrogel coating of the hydrophobic PTFE surface, a polydopamine surface modification was applied and treated by dithiothreitol to provide for Michael-addition with the DexMA hydrogel. The staged crosslinking approaches developed are a promising avenue to create responsive biomedical implants that can grow with pediatric patients.
Efecto de la incertidumbre de la política económica internacional sobre los mercados financieros latinoamericanos
Authors: Muñoz Henríquez Erik , Gálvez-Gamboa Francisco
Published: November 2022

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar la relación entre los mercados financieros latinoamericanos y el índice de incertidumbre de política económica de Estados Unidos y China, a través de la coherencia de Wavelet. Los resultados confirman la existencia de una relación de comovimiento entre los rendimientos de los mercados latinos y este índice; además, se identificó una correlación negativa y liderada por él sobre los retornos de mercado, entre los que destaca el EPU de Estados Unidos sobre México y Colombia en el corto y mediano plazo, y el EPU de China sobre Brasil y Perú a mediano plazo. Esto evidencia un efecto heterogéneo de la relación en los mercados financieros y el EPU. Los hallazgos proveen información relevante para la toma de decisiones respecto a la incertidumbre provocada por las grandes economías internacionales.
Antibacterial Effects of Ethanolic Extract of Bidara (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam) Leaf Against Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Aziza Noor , Hutami Islamy Rahma , Indraswary Recita , Suryono Suryono
Published: November 2022

The bidara plant (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam) is widely distributed in various Asian countries. Bidara leaves contain secondary metabolites, the main content of which is flavonoids. As a gram-negative anaerobic bacteria, Porphyromonas gingivalis is one of the normal flora of the oral cavity. However, over quantities of this bacteria can promote chronic periodontitis. This research aims to analyze the bidara leaf ethanolic extract as an inhibitory agent of Porphyromonas gingivalis. This research design is experimental laboratory research with a post-test controlled group of Porphyromonas gingivalis inhibition. A total of 25 samples consisted of 5 groups of ethanol extract of bidara leaves at concentrations of 1%, 3%, 9%, positive control betel leaves, and negative control aquadest. Bacteria incubation was held for 48 hours, and the free bacterial zone was analyzed by the One Way ANOVA test. The results of the analysis showed that there was a significant difference between the control group and the treatment group. This study concludes that the ethanol extract of bidara leaves had a strong inhibitory effect on Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Manual de uso de la plataforma Electrorating
Authors: Weiss Mariana , Daltro Yuri , Campo Evelyn , Matías David , Arias Karla , Carvalho Metanias Hallack Michelle
Published: November 2022

Este manual es una breve introducción a la base de datos Electrorating y su metodología. Electrorating es una iniciativa liderada por el Equipo de Conocimiento de la División de Energía del BID que procura desarrollar y fortalecer el conocimiento de las empresas de distribución de electricidad en América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) mediante la integración de la información financiera y no financiera de las empresas en una única base de datos y sitio web. Su objetivo es difundir anualmente los datos más importantes de las empresas de distribución de electricidad para facilitar la comparación, el análisis y la investigación regional sobre el sector de distribución de energía eléctrica. Además de fomentar la interacción entre los actores clave, esta base de datos permite la difusión de experiencias y la discusión de soluciones viables a los principales retos energéticos de la región. La base de datos aporta estadísticas económicas y financieras anuales y comparables entre 2000 y 2020 para 19 países de ALC y más de 300 empresas de distribución de electricidad.
Raffelstetten Customs Regulations as a Source of the Great Moravia Trade in the IX–X Centuries
Authors:   Saratov State University, Lebedeva A. A.
Published: November 2022

The article describes the value of Raffelstetten customs regulations for history of Great Moravia. The Danube trading ways were an important component of Moravian economic development. The studied material led to the conclusion that the trade of Great Moravia was intensive and had a wide geographical area.
E. E. Viollet le Duc and His Place in History of Study of French Towns in the Middle Ages
Authors:   Saratov State University, Galyamichev A. N.
Published: November 2022

The author of this article examine scientific legacy of famous French architect and historian E. E. Viollet le Duc (1814–1879), define his contribution in study of history of French towns in the Middle Ages.
Urban Solidarity: Reaction to the Town Revolts in the Low Countries in the XIV – Middle XV Centuries
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Mayzlish A. A.
Published: November 2022

The article deals with the evolution of relationship between the towns of Netherlands (mainly Flanders) during the XIV – middle XV centuries. The research of great town revolts shows gradual decrease of mutual support in the case of political crisis that could be caused by the increased power of the “central government” along with the rising number of economical and political contradictions which always existed between towns and regions of the Low Countries.
Margaret Thatcher and John Major: The Struggle for Power
Authors:   Saratov State University, Poretskova E. A.
Published: November 2022

The article describes the policy of British Prime Minister from the Conservative Party Margaret Thatcher and John Major. Particular attention is paid to differences in strategy of Prime Ministers, and also to the intraparty and interparty relations.
Preparation of Zemstvo Reform: P. A. Valuev’s Projects (March–July, 1862)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Morozova E. N.
Published: November 2022

The paper considers the history of the appearance of the Fundamental Beginnings of the zemstvo reforms of July2, 1862. Basing on the analysis of the archive and published sources it is proved that P. V. Valuev viewed zemstvo reform as part and parcel of the project of “Governmental Constitutionalism”.
Papilloma Inverse Nasosinusien: À Propos D’un CAS Aux Cliniques Universitaires De Lubumbashi /RDC
Authors: Sangol Héritier Mundeke , Kyungu Agnès Musoka , Fatuma Madi , Luty Nyembo , Kalungwe Kizonde , Sandra Yowa Muya , Marie Jeanne Kapita Izana , Borasisi Chenge
Published: November 2022

Le Papillome inversé est une tumeur bénigne naso-sinusienne rare marquée par une forte agressivité locale, un taux élevé de récidive après chirurgie et un risque imprévisible d’association à un carcinome épidermoïde. Nous rapportons le cas d’un patient congolais de 40 ans, qui a présenté une obstruction nasale gauche isolée. La lésion a évolué depuis plus de 4 mois, le diagnostic a été posé à l’examen d’anatomopathologie après une exérèse biopsique.  Le traitement a consisté en une exérèse tumorale et à la surveillance clinique.
Balance del contexto, la evolución y la visión prospectiva de los aeropuertos para los Servicios Aéreos Esenciales en Colombia
Authors: Paris Mendoza Sergio , Velandia Cely Narda Verónica
Published: November 2022

El objetivo central del presente documento de investigación, es consultar y realizar un análisis relacionado con el avance que ha tenido la Política Pública de los aeropuertos sociales en los últimos años, y con ésta la importancia que representa la conectividad en la integración nacional para el desarrollo económico, social y cultural; partiendo de la adecuada prestación del servicio de transporte aéreo y en línea con éste, la infraestructura aeronáutica y aeroportuaria; abordando casos del nivel mundial, regional e interno; que puedan aportar al desarrollo y avance de la Política Pública, y que en conjunto con la colaboración y participación de las comunidades beneficiarias, el Estado y entidades del orden Nacional e Internacional, exista el propósito de orientar los recursos para la planeación de la Pre inversión, el desarrollo de los aeródromos y la construcción de capacidades para la operación y mantenimiento de estas infraestructuras en la población habitante de las zonas apartadas, finalizando con la identificación de los factores de incidencia que no ha sido tenidos en cuenta en la Política Pública y que si tienen gran impacto en los territorios debiendo ser tratados, para lo cual se evidencia la necesidad de una reevaluación de la misma y que su resultado sea parte del Plan Nacional de Desarrollo 2022-2026 y subsiguientes. El presente documento se trabajó bajo la metodología cualitativa, ya que se recopilaron y analizaron documentos y datos textuales. Se aplicó así mismo el método histórico, en el cual se relacionaron las diferentes etapas y evolución del tema tratado. El método inductivo nos dio la posibilidad, en rasgos generales, de dar conclusiones que podrán ser útiles, aplicables y tenidas en cuenta en la realidad de la política pública tratada a lo largo del documento.