bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Hydraulic Characteristics in Diversion Pipelines under a Load Rejection Process of a PSH Station
Authors: Zhou Daqing , Chen Huixiang , Chen Shifan
Published: December 2018

Transient analysis in diversion pipelines should be performed to ensure the safety of a hydropower system. After the establishment of a three-dimensional (3D) geometric model from the part upstream reservoir to the diversion pipeline end in a pumped storage hydropower (PSH) station, the hydraulic characteristics of the diversion system were solved by Reynold average Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations based on a volume of fluid (VOF) method under the condition of simultaneous load rejection of two units. The variations of the water level in the surge tank, the pressure at the pipeline end, and the velocity on the different pipeline sections with time were obtained through the calculation. The numerical results showed that the water level changing in the surge tank simulated by VOF was consistent with the field test data. These results also showed that a self-excited spiral flow occurs in the pipeline when the flow at the end of the pipeline was reduced to zero and its intensity decreased with the flow energy exhaustion. The discovery of the self-excited spiral flow in the study may provide a new explanation for the pressure wave attenuation mechanism.
A convenient and practical synthesis of β-diketones bearing linear perfluorinated alkyl groups and a 2-thienyl moiety
Authors: Taydakov Ilya V , Kreshchenova Yuliya M , Dolotova Ekaterina P
Published: December 2018

A versatile and robust synthetic protocol for the preparation of β-diketones bearing 2-thienyl and perfluorinated alkyl radicals of different length or a methyl group was developed. This protocol is suitable for the preparation of multigram quantities of diketones without cumbersome purification procedures. Moreover, the known method for purification of diketones via copper chelates was improved considerably.
Antineoplastic Activity and Genotoxicity of Organic Extracts and Barbatic Acid Isolated from the Lichen Cladonia salzmannii Nyl
Authors: Gonçalves Joelma Pessoa , Martins Mônica Cristina Barroso , Buril Maria de Lourdes Lacerda , Aguiar Jaciana Dos Santos , Da Silva Terezinha Gonçalves , Dos Santos Souza Talita Giselly , Santos Noemia Pereira Da Silva , Chagas Cristiano Aparecido , Pereira Eugênia Cristina , Falcão Emerson Peter Da Silva , Da Silva Nicácio Henrique
Published: December 2018

Background: Secondary metabolites are responsible for most of the biological activities of lichens. Many of these compounds exhibit significant antineoplastic activity. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate the cytotoxic and genotoxic activities of organic extracts and purified barbatic acid from the lichen Cladonia salzmannii (Nyl.).

Methods: The thallus of the lichen (22 g) was cleaned and dried with the solvents diethyl ether, chloroform and acetone. Organic extracts were obtained using the hot exhausted method in a Soxhlet apparatus. Barbatic acid (BAR) was purified from the ether extract (1.3 g). Chemical analysis of the organic extracts and purified BAR was performed using thin-layer chromatography. The purity of purified BAR was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. The MTT method [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] and cytokinesis-block proliferation index (CBPI) were used to determine the cytotoxic activity of the organic extracts and purified BAR. The micronucleus test and comet assay were used to determine genotoxic potential of the organic extracts and purified BAR. Dimethyl sulfoxide was used as the diluting solvent of the samples in all biological tests.

Results: The IC50 results demonstrated significant cytotoxic potential of the ether extract (50 µg/mL) against cell lines NCI-H292 (IC50: 29.91 µg/mL), HEp-2 (IC50: 26.75 µg/mL) and HL-60 (IC50: 3.59 µg/mL) as well as the purified BAR (25 µg/mL) against cell lines HEp-2 (IC50: 15.79 µg/mL) and MCF-7 (IC50: 18.28 µg/mL). The CBPI demonstrated the cytotoxic activity of the purified BAR at all concentrations tested (5, 10, 20 and 40 µg/mL) and all organic extracts (50 µg/mL) against Ehrlich carcinoma cells. For sarcoma 180, only BAR purified at a concentration of 40 µg/mL and the ether and chloroform extracts (50 µg/mL) were considered cytotoxic. The micronucleus test revealed that the purified BAR at a concentration of 5 µg/mL had no genotoxic potential against either tumor cell line. Furthermore, the chloroform extract and purified BAR at a concentration of 10 µg/mL were not considered genotoxic for sarcoma 180. In the comet assay, all compounds tested induced DNA damage in both tumor lines.

Conclusion: Based on the present results, organic extracts and purified barbatic acid from C. salzmannii exhibit cytotoxic and genotoxic activity against of the tumor cell lines tested.
PLIENINIŲ TINKLINIŲ ARKINIŲ PĖSČIŲJŲ TILTŲ TINKLELIO LYGINAMOJI ANALIZĖ / COMPARATIVE NET ANALYSIS OF THE PEDESTRIAN STEEL NETWORK ARCH BRIDGES
Authors: Žilėnaitė Sigutė
Published: December 2018

Network arch bridges as a new structural form were invented in the middle of 21st century, describing the row of hangers which intersect each other two or more times. The bending moments in the arch and grinder are approximately ten times smaller due to network hangers arrangement. Additionally, an arch buckling length is smaller comparing with traditional vertical hangers, due to the slope of hangers in the network. However, the search pattern of the net rational angle, other composite parameters, and strain-strain state includes only automotive and rail traffic network arched bridges. This paper presents a geometric analysis of the behaviour of network arch pedestrian steel bridges and geometrical parameters of hangers net.

Santrauka

Tinkliniai arkiniai tiltai – tai XX a. viduryje atsiradusi nauja konstrukcinė tilto forma, apibūdinama mažiausiai dviem eilėmis pasvirusių pakabų, prasilenkiančių viena su kita. Dėl kryžminio pakabų tinklelio arkoje ir standumo sijoje pasireiškia apie 10 kartų mažesni lenkimo momentai nei tradiciniame arkiniame tilte su vertikaliomis pakabomis. Taip pat dėl pasvirusių pakabų tokių tiltų arkos skaičiuojamasis ilgis yra mažesnis nei tradicinių. Pažymėtina, kad tinklelio racionalaus kampo bei kitų komponuojamųjų parametrų paieškos spektras daugelyje tyrimų apima tik automobilių ar geležinkelio eismo paskirties tinklinius arkinius tiltus. Šiame straipsnyje pateikta plieninių tinklinių arkinių pėsčiųjų tiltų elgsenos analizė ir pakabų tinklo geometrinių parametrų paieška.
VIENO TARPATRAMIO KABAMOSIOS KOMBINUOTOS STYGINĖS PLIENO KONSTRUKCIJOS SKAITINĖ ANALIZĖ / STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS OF ONE-SPAN SUSPENSION COMBINED STRING STEEL BRIDGE
Authors: Beivydas Edmundas
Published: December 2018

The Journal discusses the behavior of a single-span composite string structure, when the string and the supporting rope are absolutely flexible elements. The behavior of such a structure with symmetric and asymmetric loads is analyzed. The influence of the string on the elastic and kinematic displacements is considered. Changing the ratio between the axial stiffness of the strings and auxiliary rope and the initial rotation of the auxiliary rope, the structure of the elastic and kinematic shifts is analyzed, the most rational variants are sought and the recommendations for composing are presented.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje aptariama vieno tarpatramio kombinuotos styginės konstrukcijos elgsena, kai styga ir pagalbinis lynas absoliučiai lankstūs elementai. Analizuojama tokios konstrukcijos elgsena veikiant simetrinei ir asimetrinei apkrovoms. Nagrinėjama stygos įtaka tampriesiems ir kinematiniams poslinkiams. Keičiant stygos ir pagalbinio lyno ašinių standžių santykį ir pagalbinio lyno pradinį įsvyrį, analizuojami konstrukcijos tamprieji ir kinematiniai poslinkiai, ieškomi racionaliausi variantai ir pateikiamos komponavimo rekomendacijos.
VERSLO SOCIALINĖS ATSAKOMYBĖS INICIATYVOS ĮGYVENDINIMAS TAIKANT BIM: LIETUVOS STATYBŲ SEKTORIAUS SITUACIJOS ANALIZĖ IR PERSPEKTYVOS / IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY INITIATIVE WITH BIM: ANALYSIS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE SITUATION OF THE LITHUANIAN CONSTRUCTION SECTOR
Authors: Pavlovskis Miroslavas , Pavlovska Inga
Published: December 2018

The article analyzes the theoretical aspects of corporate social responsibility and BIM, examines the problems of the construction sector in implementing the principles of social responsibility. The corporate social responsibility assessment of the construction sector was carried out using the multi-criteria COPRAS method and the results were compared with the results of companies that are capable of developing digital construction project models. Summarizing the results of the research it can be argued that companies that use their digital technologies in practice also meet the basic principles of CSR, therefore, a model for linkage of corporate social responsibility and BIM has been developed and presented. Companies that use BIM technology in practice could and should incorporate the principles of social responsibility into their activities.

Santrauka

Straipsnyje analizuojami įmonių socialinės atsakomybės ir BIM teoriniai aspektai, išnagrinėta statybų sektoriaus problematika įgyvendinant socialinės atsakomybės principus. Atliktas statybų sektoriaus įmonių socialinės atsakomybės vertinimas, taikant daugiakriterį COPRAS metodą, o rezultatai buvo lyginami su įmonėmis, gebančiomis kurti skaitmeninės statybos projektų modelius. Apibendrinus tyrimo rezultatus, galima teigti, kad įmonės, naudojančios savo praktikoje skaitmenines technologijas, atitinka ir ĮSA pagrindinius principus, todėl parengtas ir pateiktas įmonių socialinės atsakomybės ir BIM ryšių modelis. Įmonės, naudojančios savo praktikoje BIM technologijas, galėtų ir turėtų savo veikloje diegti socialinės atsakomybės principus.
INOVATYVAUS ŠAKOTINIO PLIENINIO VANTINIO PĖSČIŲJŲ TILTO LYGINAMOJI ANALIZĖ / COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INNOVATIVE BRANCHED STEEL CABLE-STAYED PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE
Authors: Stragys Modestas
Published: December 2018

Innovative steel cable-stayed pedestrian bridge design review is provided. The design advantages and disadvantages are presented. Innovative steel cable-stayed pedestrian bridge construction comparative analysis with similar 80 m span cable-stayed bridge construction and an overview of the main criteria are provided. Conclusions of analysis are formed. Santrauka Straipsnyje pateikiama inovatyvios plieninio vantinio pėsčiųjų tilto konstrukcijos apžvalga, kurioje pristatomi konstrukcijos privalumai ir trūkumai. Analizuojama inovatyvi plieninio vantinio pėsčiųjų tilto konstrukcija, kuri vėliau lyginama su analogiško 80 m tarpatramio vienpilonio pluoštinio vantinio tilto konstrukcija. Analizuojami naujos, inovatyvios sandaros vantinio tilto ir tradicinio pluoštinio tilto įrąžų skirtumai, pateikiami analizės rezultatai, parodantys naujos konstrukcijos pranašumus prieš tradicinį vantinį tiltą. Straipsnyje pateikiami techninės ekonominės analizės rezultatai, apžvelgiami pagrindiniai naujos sandaros tilto kriterijai ir suformuojamos išvados.
Técnicas constructivas mixtas en piedra en la Córdoba omeya
Authors: León-Muñoz Alberto
Published: December 2018

En este trabajo recopilamos un amplio repertorio de construcciones cordobesas en las que se emplean técnicas constructivas mixtas en piedra, desde época tardoantigua hasta el final del Califato Omeya de al-Ándalus. Los tipos de aparejos identificados están, por lo general, vinculados con construcciones públicas de carácter monumental. De este estudio se deduce el mantenimiento de estas técnicas como un recurso para reducir costes en la construcción de los grandes proyectos arquitectónicos, pero manteniendo el carácter prestigioso del empleo de la piedra como material edilicio básico.
“Humanities Content” and Its Discontent
Authors: Kim Yongsoo
Published: December 2018

This chapter provides an overview of the remarkable but peculiar history of digital humanities and its contemporary development in South Korea. Computer-assisted humanities research in Korean studies began with the Wagner-Song Munkwa Project, which was launched in 1967 and lasted for more than three decades. This landmark achievement inspired many database-building projects, including the Sillok Project, in the following years. In the early 2000s, as a new discourse of “digital humanities” emerged in response to the “crisis” of the humanities in South Korean academia, another effort to connect the humanities through digital media to the culture industry gained momentum. “Humanities content” has since dominated the South Korean digital humanities landscape for over a decade. While recovering major digital humanities-related accomplishments, this chapter reveals that constant tension between the non-commercial, academic digital humanities and the commercial, industrial humanities content has been shaping and reshaping computer-assisted humanities scholarship in South Korea.
Semi-Automating the Transformation of Chinese Historical Records Into Structured Biographical Data
Authors: Tsui Lik Hang , Wang Hongsu
Published: December 2018

This chapter explores and analyzes the new methods that the China Biographical Database (CBDB) project team has developed and adopted to digitize reference works about Chinese history, which is part of the important process of turning them into structured biographical data. This workflow focuses on the Tang Dynasty (618-907) and has implications for the continued improvement in the technologies for digitization and research into historical biographies in the Chinese language. These explorations and outcomes also demonstrate attempts in the Chinese studies field to transform large amounts of texts in non-Latin script into structured biographical data in a semi-automated fashion, and are expected to benefit digital humanities research, especially initiatives focusing on the Asia-Pacific region.
Display Ads Effectiveness
Authors: Filiopoulou Dionysia , Rigou Maria , Faliagka Evanthia
Published: December 2018

The average web user receives numerous advertising messages while browsing online and the formats of such digital marketing stimuli are constantly increasing in number and degree of intrusiveness. This chapter investigates the effectiveness of different types of display advertising by means of an eye-tracking study combined with a pre- and a post-test questionnaire with the purpose of collecting quantitative and qualitative data concerning ad visibility and interaction. Eye gaze data are particularly revealing when examining visual stimuli and they become more valuable when associated with asking users to recall seeing an advertising message we know they fixated on. Moreover, the study aimed to look into whether banner blindness still applies regardless of the type of display ad used, whether the visual pattern remains F-shaped, the effect of placing ads below the fold, how effective trick banners are, and which types of ads are annoying to users.
Toward Formal Verification of SDN Access-Control Misconfigurations
Authors: Saadaoui Amina
Published: December 2018

Software-defined networking (SDN) allows centralizing and simplifying network management control. It brings a significant flexibility and visibility to networking, but at the same time creates new security challenges. The promise of SDN is the ability to allow networks to keep pace with the speed of change. It allows frequent modifications to the network configuration. However, these changes may introduce misconfigurations by writing inconsistent rules for single flow table or within a multiple open flow switches that need multiple FlowTables to be maintained at the same time. Misconfigurations can arise also between firewalls and FlowTables in OpenFlow-based networks. Problems arising from these misconfigurations are common and have dramatic consequences for networks operations. To avoid such scenarios, mechanisms to prevent these anomalies and inconsistencies are of paramount importance. To address these challenges, the authors present a new method that allows the automatic identification of inter and inter Flowtables anomalies. They also use the Firewall to bring out real misconfigurations.
A Formal Ticket-Based Authentication Scheme for VANETs
Authors: Chikhaoui Ons , Ben Chehida Aida , Abassi Ryma , El Fatmi Sihem Guemara
Published: December 2018

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) enable vehicles to exchange safety-related messages in order to raise drivers' awareness about surrounding traffic and roads conditions. Nevertheless, since these messages have a crucial effect on people's lives and as we cannot disregard the probability of attackers intending to subvert the proper operation of these networks, stringent security support should be applied on these messages before they can be relied on. Authenticating these messages before considering them is one of the key security requirements since it enables the receiver to make sure of the received message's integrity and the genuineness of its originator. This chapter presents a conditional privacy-preserving authentication scheme for VANETs.
A Framework for the Redesign Principles That Improved Engagement in an Online Graduate Class
Authors: Lemanski Laura , Van Deventer Megan McDonald
Published: December 2018

At a large, Midwest university, the authors taught an online course to graduate students in an educational reading methods course. While the course covered compelling content, the user experience frustrated students as they struggled to navigate an outmoded online learning management system (LMS), which inhibited their ability to engage with course content. Recognizing that the course could be a powerful and relevant learning experience for students, the chapter authors drew on engagement theory, technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK), and the triple E framework to redesign the course. While maintaining the valuable course content, the chapter authors developed a framework to create an engaging and positive online learning experience. This chapter describes the framework and details how the course was redesigned, articulates the rationale for the course changes, and explores the positive impact it had on teaching and learning.
Developing a Sense of Community Through Engaging Platforms in Support of Online Graduate Students Socialization
Authors: Eakins Amanda
Published: December 2018

Graduate schools often operate in a decentralized community due to the diversity of disciplines and needs within; as such, the success of graduate students and their involvement are then left to the purview of the colleges and programs. However, we know that collaboration with programs and other campus departments are important in developing a sense of community for students in support of student success, retention, and graduation. Yet, the availability of student resources that fosters and supports student academic and professional socialization which are evident in traditional graduate programs are not always reciprocated in online programs. In this chapter, the author will draw from the theories of socialization, community of inquiry (COI) and the equivalency theory to create a sense of community for successfully engaging and preparing students in online graduate programs for their professional roles post-graduation.
The Role of Faculty Development in Online Universities
Authors: Young Chelsea , DeMarco Claire , Nyysti Katia , Harpool Ashley , Mendez Tran
Published: December 2018

Faculty development continues to be an important topic in online education. As online program and course offerings are growing and adopted in popularity with many traditional brick and mortar universities, it is causing many institutions to look at how they are providing support, training, guidance, and professional development to the faculty who are teaching in these programs. This chapter will explore how one faculty development department has instituted several best practices to support their faculty at an online institution.
Integrating Heterogeneous Enterprise Data Using Ontology in Supply Chain Management
Authors: Pal Kamalendu
Published: December 2018

Many industries prefer worldwide business operations due to the economic advantage of globalization on product design and development. These industries increasingly operate globalized multi-tier supply chains and deliver products and services all over the world. This global approach produces huge amounts of heterogeneous data residing at various business operations, and the integration of these data plays an important role. Integrating data from multiple heterogeneous sources need to deal with different data models, database schema, and query languages. This chapter presents a semantic web technology-based data integration framework that uses relational databases and XML data with the help of ontology. To model different source schemas, this chapter proposes a method based on the resource description framework (RDF) graph patterns and query rewriting techniques. The semantic translation between the source schema and RDF ontology is described using query and transformational language SPARQL.
Big Data, Privacy, and Healthcare
Authors: Bhatt Nirav , Thakkar Amit
Published: December 2018

In the era of big data, large amounts of data are generated from different areas like education, business, stock market, healthcare, etc. Most of the available data from these areas are unstructured, which is large and complex. As healthcare industries become value-based from volume-based, there is a need to have specialized tools and methods to handle it. The traditional methods for data storage and retrieval can be used when data is structured in nature. Big data analytics provide technologies to store large amounts of complex healthcare data. It is believed that there is an enormous opportunity to improve lives by applying big data in the healthcare industry. No industry counts more than healthcare as it is a matter of life and death. Due to rapid development of big data tools and technologies, it is possible to improve disease diagnosis more efficiently than ever before, but security and privacy are two major issues when dealing with big data in the healthcare industry.
Navigating Through Moral Dilemmas and Roadblocks to Decision Making
Authors: Keough Penelope Debs
Published: December 2018

When faced with a difficult decision, one often wades through the quagmire of indecision first. The purpose of this chapter is to analyze steps to take to explore concrete variables that contribute to positive and conclusive solutions to the decision process. Various contributors to making a decision, explored in the chapter include but are not limited to 1) one's values, 2) one's core beliefs, 3) events in one's life experiences, 4) one's cultural lens, and 5) position in the family. But indecision can be worse than not making difficult decision. What causes procrastination in some individuals when making a decision? The chapter also explores roadblocks to decision making: the action required to move in one direction or the other. Feeling the fear and moving forward anyway can paralyze persons so the chapter presents ways to ameliorate the fear of making a “bad” decision.
Solution-Focused Brief Counseling in Schools
Authors: Rakich Sladjana S. , Martinez Danny R.
Published: December 2018

Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) has become a popular methodology used in business, counseling, and other fields to help individuals problem-solve. In education, this approach is known as solution-focus brief counseling (SFBC). This chapter will review the origins of the solution-focused approach to counseling and problem-solving, present the major tenants, and discuss challenges. The chapter will also present interview data from current school counselors to examine how school counselors use SFBC in schools and provide strategies for implementation.
Maintaining a Socially Just Classroom
Authors: Lalas Jose W. , Lalas Joanna Linda
Published: December 2018

This chapter presents an ethical decision-making for student engagement from a social justice perspective. It discusses what social justice means by presenting some principles gathered from existing related research literature supported by teacher voices that are gathered from written survey. Student engagement and the factors that influence it are discussed highlighting them from a socially and culturally situated perspective. Motivational and sociocultural factors such as funds of knowledge, race, social capital, and cultural capital are presented to demonstrate why mere access is not enough as an ethical and equitable way of engaging student to achieve positive outcomes. Access must be activated by providing students ample opportunities to experience a sense of belonging, teacher trust that they are competent learners, recognition of their identities and interests, and meaningful engagements.
A New Process Model for IoT-Based Software Engineering
Authors: Jasmine K. S.
Published: December 2018

Internet of things (IoT) is a new trending paradigm for advanced technological development which has drawn significant research attention in the recent years. IoT comprises intelligent communicating “things,” putting a big challenge on ensuring security, reliability, efficiency, and safety in their interaction. Staying connected always, constant evolution, and grappling with multiple life cycles are the major factors of concern. In this context, a new process model for IoT-based software development has a greater relevance in order to reduce the associated risk. To exploit the capability of IoT-driven innovations which enable organizations to enhance their revenue streams, reduce time to market while increasing business agility, organizations need to determine how best to employ IoT-enabled business models that promote sustainable competitive advantage.
Developing Critical Dispositions in Teacher Education Programs
Authors: Moore Jarrett D.
Published: December 2018

This chapter advocates for the (re)framing of critical thinking from a skill to a disposition and proposes a framework whereby teacher education programs can create space for pre-service teachers to develop a critical disposition. By studying the context of American education and schooling and their corporate interest, pre-service teachers along with teacher educators can start to unravel the discourse and power inherent in American education. Understanding how these concepts lead to hegemony can begin the process of creating a counterhegemonic movement among American educators that includes the reclaiming of the purpose of education, raising pertinent epistemological question, and practicing critical self-reflection. The final part of the new framework for developing critical dispositions is a reintroduction of broader theoretical concerns into teacher preparation programs.
Metacognition
Authors: Shelley Tami B.
Published: December 2018

This chapter reminds the reader of the importance of “thinking about your thinking” or metacognition and reflection. The importance is magnified for the pre-service teacher as they seek to develop lessons that will engage and excite learners. Examining one's own thinking allows a person to better understand their thinking and learning. It also encourages the learner to take ownership of their learning and cognition. For the pre-service teacher, the information gathered from “thinking about one's thinking” can be invaluable to success in the classroom. Metacognition, or reflection, is useful for identifying areas of limitations and strengths in our teaching. The highlight of this chapter is the shared journal entries from an intern's journey through internship. As a picture is worth a thousand words, these words of an intern using metacognitive skills to reflect on practice, experiences, and relationships through journaling is invaluable.
Redesigning Mathematics Tasks
Authors: Rishor Donna M.
Published: December 2018

This chapter presents how the results of an empirical research study conducted with in-service teachers can be used to enhance and strengthen the critical thinking skills of pre-service teachers. The chapter begins with a description of the study methodology and the task redesign process. Data is presented (often in the words of teachers themselves) that paint a compelling picture of the process in real-time. Limitations and potential drawbacks of its use are discussed along with possible design ideas that may better align the process with the specific needs of pre-service teachers and their professors. It is followed by a summary of how the task redesign process could be redesigned to be used more effectively with pre-service teachers as a way to increase critical thinking about the teaching of mathematics. Potential benefits, including an increased capacity for critical thinking, are offered along with additional research directions and an invitation for suggestions into improving the task redesign process.
Complexity of (Re)Learning the Meaning of Multiplication of Fractions in the Context of a Mathematics Content Course
Authors: Gichobi Mary Njeri
Published: December 2018

The context in which preservice teachers (PSTs) learn the mathematical knowledge required for teaching in an elementary classroom is still less obvious. This chapter addresses the complexity of PSTs (re)learning the mathematical knowledge for teaching multiplication of fractions in a mathematics content course. The existing literature on PSTs' learning in a mathematics content course has focused on models for designing the course and efforts for designing innovative pedagogies. In addition, more recent studies have explored the design and implementation of mathematical tasks in a content course. However, studies that have provided insights into the affordances and complexity involved in developing fraction concepts using the basic principles of critical thinking are limited. The aim of this chapter is to explore the extent to which PSTs can develop a conceptual understanding of multiplication of fractions in the context of a mathematics content course designed using the basic principles of critical thinking. The complexities, challenges and tensions confronted by PSTs and the instructor as they (re) learn the meaning of multiplication in more nuanced ways will be discussed.
ÇALIŞAN KISKANÇLIĞI ÖLÇEĞİNİN TÜRKÇE GEÇERLİK VE GÜVENİRLİK ÇALIŞMASI
Authors: BAYRAM ARLI Nuran , AYDEMİR Mine , ÇELİK Elif
Published: December 2018

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Vecchio (2000) tarafından geliştirilen ve altı maddeden oluşan Çalışan Kıskançlığı Ölçeğinin (Employee Jealousy Scale) Türkçe’ye uyarlanarak, geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin araştırılmasıdır. Geçerlik ve güvenilirlik çalışmasında öncelikle dilsel geçerlilik (translate-back translate) işlemi gerçekleştirilmiş ve öntest çalışması yapılmıştır. Öntestin ardından sırasıyla 3 ayrı örneklem ile (N=144, N=162 ve N=329) üç çalışma daha yürütülmüştür. İlk iki çalışmada (N=144 ve N=162) demografik soruların ve Çalışan Kıskançlığı Ölçeğinin yer aldığı anket formu çalışanlara uygulanmıştır. Üçüncü çalışmada (N=329) Çalışan Kıskançlığı Ölçeğinin yanı sıra iş tatmini, empati ve benlik saygısı ölçekleri de çalışanlara uygulanmıştır. Çalışan Kıskançlığı Ölçeğinin faktör yapısının ortaya konulmasında; açıklayıcı faktör analizi (AFA) ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi (DFA) kullanılmıştır. Güvenilirliğin araştırılması için Cronbach Alfa katsayısı hesaplanmıştır. Ölçeğin benzeşme ve ayrışma özelliğini ortaya koymak için korelasyon analizine, yordayıcı geçerlik için de regresyon analizine yer verilmiştir. Gerçekleştirilen her üç çalışmanın AFA sonuçlarında bir maddenin (M5) ortak faktör varyansının çok düşük olduğu görülmüştür. Bu maddenin döndürülmüş faktör yük değerinin 0.40’ın altında olduğu ve Cronbach Alfa değerini düşürdüğü gözlenmiş ve ölçekten çıkartılmıştır. Çalışan Kıskançlığı Ölçeği ile birlikte benzeşme ve ayrışma özelliğini ortaya koymak için üçüncü çalışmada farklı ölçekler ele alınmış ve çalışan kıskançlığı ile bu ölçekler arasındaki ilişkiler beklentiye uygun bulunmuştur. Uyarlanan ölçek orijinal formdaki gibi 5’li likert ile ölçülmüş ve tek faktörlü yapısını hem AFA hem de DFA ile korumuştur. Beş maddeden oluşan ölçeğin içsel tutarlılığı yüksek bulunmuştur. Elde edilen sonuçlar doğrultusunda bu çalışma göstermektedir ki Çalışan Kıskançlığı Ölçeği geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olarak Türkiye’de yapılacak çalışmalarda kullanılmaya uygundur.
О коллапсе решений задачи Коши
для кубического эволюционного уравнения Шрeдингера
Authors: Nasibov Sharif Mamed ogly
Published: December 2018

В настоящей заметке доказано, что решения задачи Коши
для кубического эволюционного уравнения Шрeдингера
при некоторых начальных данных разрушаются через конечное время,
точное значение которого оценивается сверху. Кроме того,
получены оценки снизу скорости разрушения решения
в некоторых нормах.
Библиография: 11 названий.
О группе автоморфизмов антиподального плотного графа
диаметра $4$ с параметрами $(5,7,r)$
Authors: Tsiovkina Lyudmila Yur'evna
Published: December 2018

Доказано, что группа автоморфизмов $\mathrm{AT}4(5,7,r)$-графа
действует интранзитивно на множестве его дуг. Кроме того,
установлено, что группа автоморфизмов сильно регулярного
графа с параметрами $(329,40,3,5)$ действует интранзитивно
на множестве его вершин.
Библиография: 11 названий.
Операторы Харди-Стеклова и принцип двойственности
в весовых пространствах Соболева первого порядка
на действительной оси
Authors: Stepanov Vladimir Dmitrievich , Ushakova Elena Pavlovna
Published: December 2018

В работе устанавливаются оценки норм пространств,
ассоциированных к весовым пространствам Соболева первого порядка
с различными весовыми функциями и параметрами суммирования.
В качестве основного технического средства используются
критерии ограниченности интегрального оператора Харди-Стеклова
с переменными пределами интегрирования в пространствах Лебега
на действительной оси.
Библиография: 23 названия.
Prevalence of Tuberculosis Risk Factors among Bacteriologically Negative and Bacteriologically Confirmed Tuberculosis Patients from Five Regional Referral Hospitals in Uganda
Authors: Muttamba Winters , Kirenga Bruce , Ssengooba Willy , Sekibira Rogers , Katamba Achilles , Joloba Moses L.
Published: December 2018

Understanding risk factors for tuberculosis (TB) and their prevalence helps guide early diagnosis. We determined their prevalence among bacteriologically negative and bacteriologically confirmed TB patients in five regional referral hospitals in Uganda. This cross-sectional study considered 1,862 adult presumptive TB participants. We performed fluorescent microscopy, Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert), Lowenstein–Jensen culture, human immunodeficiency virus, and random blood sugar testing on recruited patients. Prevalence and prevalence ratios of risk factors were compared among bacteriologically negative and confirmed cases. Odds ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) were determined for significant risk factors in bacteriologically confirmed patients. Of the 1,862 participants, 978 (55%) were male and the median age of the participants was 36 years (interquartile range: 27–48). Up to 273 (15%) had a positive result on all three TB tests. Most prevalent risk factors (prevalence ratio [PR] > 1.0) among bacteriologically negative and positive TB patients were cigarette smoking (9.3% versus 2.1%; PR = 2.1), biosmoke (24% versus 39.7%; PR = 1.7), contact (4.2% versus 6.5%; PR = 1.6), male gender (51.4% versus 72.5%; PR = 1.4), alcohol use (17.2% versus 24.4%; PR = 1.4), diabetes (0.7% versus 0.9%; PR = 1.3), and family history of TB (12.1% versus 13.7%; PR = 1.1). The risk factors and their adjusted prevalence rate ratios (95% CI) of being bacteriologically positive were male (1.8 [1.4–2.4]), biosmoke exposure (1.5 [1.2–2.0]), and history of cigarette smoking (1.6 [1.1–2.4]). Among bacteriologically confirmed patients in Uganda, cigarette smoking, biosmoke exposure, contact, male gender, alcohol use, diabetes, and family history of TB are important risk factors for TB. Interventions for TB control in people with these risk factors would help in TB control efforts.
Potentially High Number of Ineffective Drugs with the Standard Shorter Course Regimen for Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment in Haiti
Authors: Walsh Kathleen F. , Souroutzidis Ariadne , Vilbrun Stalz Charles , Peeples Miranda , Joissaint Guy , Delva Sobieskye , Widmann Pamphile , Royal Gertrude , Pry Jake , Bang Heejung , Pape Jean W. , Koenig Serena P.
Published: December 2018

Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) outcomes are poor partly because of the long treatment duration; the World Health Organization conditionally recommends a shorter course regimen to potentially improve treatment outcomes. Here, we describe the drug susceptibility patterns of a cohort of MDR-TB patients in Haiti and determine the number of likely effective drugs if they were treated with the recommended shorter course regimen. We retrospectively examined drug susceptibility patterns of adults initiating MDR-TB treatment between 2008 and 2015 at the Haitian Group for the Study of Kaposi’s Sarcoma and Opportunistic Infections in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. First- and second-line drug susceptibility testing (DST) was analyzed and used to determine the number of presumed effective drugs. Of the 239 patients analyzed, 226 (95%), 183 (77%), 135 (57%), and 38 (16%) isolates were resistant to high-dose isoniazid, ethambutol, pyrazinamide, and ethionamide, respectively. Eight patients (3%) had resistance to either a fluoroquinolone or a second-line injectable and none had extensively resistant TB. Of the 239 patients, 132 (55%) would have fewer than five likely effective drugs in the intensive phase of the recommended shorter course regimen and 121 (51%) would have two or fewer likely effective drugs in the continuation phase. Because of the high rates of resistance to first-line TB medications, about 50% of MDR-TB patients would be left with only two effective drugs in the continuation phase of the recommended shorter course regimen, raising concerns about the effectiveness of this regimen in Haiti and the importance of using DST to guide treatment.
Molecular features of hepatitis E virus from farmed rabbits in Shandong province, China
Authors: Zhang Hongna , Zhou Yufa , Liu Jingbo
Published: December 2018

This study was undertaken to investigate the genetic variability of hepatitis E virus (HEV) from farmed rabbits in Shandong province, China. A total of 50 fresh faecal samples from 5 rabbit farms were collected and subjected to reverse transcription and nested polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) for a fragment sequence of HEV capsid gene. The results demonstrated that HEV RNA was observed in 6 faecal samples (6/50, 12.0%). In addition, the result of phylogenetic analysis showed that the 6 HEV isolates were classified into HEV-3 genotype with other rabbit HEV isolates from other countries, and shared 85.2-87.2%, 81.5-83.1%, and 77.0-78.6% nucleotide similarities with rabbit HEV isolates from Korea, the United States and France, respectively. To sum up, the HEV isolated in this study from farmed rabbits belongs to the HEV-3 genotype, and the zoonotic ability and pathogenesis of the rabbit HEV merit further study due to the fact that HEV-3 genotype has the potential to trigger zoonotic infections.
Consumer behaviour related to rabbit meat as functional food
Authors: Petrescu Dacinia Crina , Petrescu-Mag Ruxandra Malina
Published: December 2018

Rabbit is one of the most versatile livestock species, responding successfully to bio-economic principles, which promote a clever use of resources and their conversion into added value products, such as functional foods (FFs). The excellent nutritive and dietetic properties of rabbit meat justify granting it the attributes of FFs. Based on the premise that it is the consumer who ultimately decides what kind of meat to buy, a consumer focus should be a core factor in private or public meat sector strategies. Following this assumption, the aim of this study is to contribute to understanding Romanian consumer behaviour related to rabbit meat as a functional food and to provide information on how to better market rabbit meat as FF in the domestic market. As far as the authors know, this study is the first one to assess and report on Romanian consumer perceptions, knowledge and behaviours related to rabbit meat. Consequently, the variables investigated reflect rabbit meat consumption habits. They also reveal preferences related to the acquisition of rabbit meat, perceptions on future rabbit meat consumption, perceptions of rabbit meat characteristics, perceptions of rabbit meat main characteristics compared to other types of meat, and rabbit meat consumption deterrents. The survey results show that rabbit meat is perceived as lean and low cholesterol, healthier and tastier than other meats, but more expensive, that its consumption is low, being 2.2 times lower than chicken and 1.8 times lower than pork, and that 29.6% of people surveyed have never eaten rabbit meat. The findings ascertain that the understanding of Romanian consumer behaviour related to rabbit meat as FF is an optimal tool for changing behaviour patterns towards a more sustainable market. The transfer of this knowledge towards marketers mainly focusing on how to increase consumer satisfaction for FFs, especially meat, is the leverage for designing successful businesses regarding market re-orientation, development or even reduction of health cost.
Are combi parks just as useful as regular parks for fatteners for part-time group housing of rabbit does?
Authors: Rommers Jorine , De Greef Karel H.
Published: December 2018

Group housing of lactating rabbit does is desirable from a welfare standpoint, but agonistic behaviour can cause severe skin injuries, which are undesired for animal welfare. Park layout, creating hiding places and escape possibilities, may help redirect attention away from fighting, which could in turn help prevent skin damage. An experiment was performed to test whether more damaging behaviour would occur in a combi park (with nest box panels) after mixing, compared to a regular park for fatteners, as nest box panels would obstruct does when escaping aggressive interactions. In addition, the position of the PVC pipe underneath the platform differed between parks (longitudinal or transversal), resulting in different escape routes. Twenty-two parks were used, in which 5 does per park were grouped at 23 d of lactation until weaning at 36 d of lactation. Skin injuries were scored at 4 d after grouping and on the day before weaning. The presence of nest box panels in a combi park and the position of the PVC pipe underneath the platform did not affect the level of skin damage. Moderate to severe injuries were observed, mostly at the hind quarters, ears and head. Five to 6% of the does were severely injured (wounds). There was a positive relationship between the average skin injury per park at 4 d after grouping and at weaning. On average, average injury score per park increased from grouping to weaning, but there are differences between individual parks. From this experiment it can be concluded that group housing of lactating rabbit does involves animals getting injured. In fact, 5 to 6% of the does were severely injured (wounds). Social dynamics of group housed does are insufficiently understood and might be important to reduce damaging behaviour in group housing.
TWO-DIMENSIONAL NONISOTHERMAL NUMERICAL ANALYSIS OF SPEED RATIO EFFECTS ON DISPERSION AND DISTRIBUTION IN HIGH-VISCOSITY PARTIALLY FILLED RUBBER MIXING
Authors: Ahmed Istiaque , Poudyal Hari , Chandy Abhilash J.
Published: December 2018

Two-dimensional, transient, and nonisothermal computational fluid dynamics simulations are conducted for high-viscosity rubber mixing in a two-wing rotor-equipped partially filled chamber of fill factor 75%. Calculations presented assess the effect of three differential speeds or speed ratios of the two rotors for the rubber mixing process: 1.0 (also called even speed), 1.125, and 1.5. A Eulerian multiphase model, the volume of fluid technique, is employed to simulate two different phases, rubber and air, by calculating the free surface between the two phases, in addition to the main governing equations such as the continuity, momentum, and energy equations. To characterize the non-Newtonian, highly viscous rubber under nonisothermal conditions, the shear rate–dependent Carreau-Yasuda model along with an Arrhenius function are employed. A set of massless particles is introduced into the chamber to calculate several parameters related to dispersive and distributive mixing characteristics. Specifically, the mixing index and maximum shear stress are analyzed for the dispersive nature, whereas cluster distribution index and length of stretch are calculated for investigating the distributive nature of the mixing process. Also, the temporal viscous heat generation rate, a good indication of the temperature rise throughout the domain, which is critical in the process and equipment design, is analyzed here. Results showed that the 1.125 speed ratio was the most efficient in terms of distributive mixing and heat generation.
The Argument Structure of Passive and Antipassive in Paloor
Authors: Tamba Khady
Published: December 2018

This paper discusses the argument structure of two valency-reducing processes i.e. passives and antipassives in Paloor, an endangered language spoken in Senegal. It shows the structure of passives in Paloor with a wide range of verbs with a few exceptions. This paper also sheds light on the syntax and semantics of antipassives. In both processes, the missing argument cannot surface contrary to some languages where it can appear as an oblique. Finally, I show that passives are more productive that antipassives as the latter are sensitive to animacy and (im)perfectivity.
The effect of primiparous pregnant women’s preferences for mode of delivery on their fear of childbirth and postpartum period
Authors: Bilgiç Dilek , Pınar Sükran Ertekin , Daglar Gülseren , Cesur Büsra
Published: December 2018

Aim is to examine the relationship between the primiparous pregnant women’s preferences for mode of delivery and their fear of childbirth and postpartum period. This descriptive study’s sample consisted of 211 primiparous pregnant women who applied to a state hospital’s obstetrics and gynecology clinic for a check-up. Data were collected by Personal Information Form and Fear of Childbirth and Postpartum Period Scale (FCPPS) which includes questions for socio-demographic characteristics of individuals and questions related to preferences for mode of delivery. Percentage distribution, t test, Kruskal Wallis analysis, one-way analysis of variance were used in the evaluation of the data, and the level of significance was determined as p < .05. 87.7% of pregnant women have stated that if they have a chance to choose, they will prefer vaginal delivery. FCPPS total mean score was 5.30 ± 1.44 and 49.8% of their fear was found to be at moderate level. There was no statistically significant difference between FCPPS subscale and total mean scores according to pregnant women’s preferences for mode of delivery (p > .05). Most of primiparous women stated their preference for mode of delivery as vaginal delivery. Pregnant women’s fear of childbirth and postpartum period are at moderate level and their preferences for mode of delivery do not affect their fear of childbirth and postpartum period. Taking into consideration pregnant women’s preferences for mode of delivery unless it requires medical indication, supporting their preferences, alleviating their fear of childbirth and postpartum period are extremely important in increasing their satisfaction and adaptation to pregnancy, childbirth and to postpartum period.