bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
species (Bacillariophyta: Licmophorales) from Heron Island (Great Barrier Reef) and Melbourne, Australia, in comparison with similar species from Guam: evidence for endemicity in a marine diatom genus
Authors: Lobban Christopher S. , Santos Emmanuel S.
Published: November 2022

A prevailing hypothesis of microbial biogeography holds that all species are ubiquitous, but this may lead to fitting Pacific specimens into European taxa on the basis of light microscopy. There is now evidence of regional endemicity in freshwater diatoms in Australia and recent studies have shown large diversity in the Guam marine Licmophora flora. The aim was to compare Australian samples with Guam Licmophora spp., especially their girdle bands. Valves and girdle bands from samples collected from Australia and Micronesia were described from observations made via light and scanning-electron microscopy. Of the nine species present in Australian samples, six were previously undescribed. Species with unusual characters included Licmophora insolita Lobban & Emm.S.Santos sp. nov. with a novel location for the apical rimoportula and a Tharngan strip on the valvocopula; Licmophora ballerina Lobban & S.Blanco sp. nov., with distinctive 3rd and 4th pleurae; and the licmosphenioid Licmophora johnwestii Lobban & Emm.S.Santos sp. nov. Specimens resembling Licmophora debilis (Kütz.) Grunow and L. abbreviata C.Agardh, described from Europe, occurred in Great Barrier Reef samples. The study brings the Guam flora to 20 novel v. 2 matching Atlantic–European taxa. The proportion of new to known species in Australian and Guam samples suggests regional endemicity, at least being broadly different from European Licmophora floras.
Contemporary (1984–2020) fire history metrics for the conterminous United States and ecoregional differences by land ownership
Authors: Vanderhoof Melanie K. , Hawbaker Todd J. , Teske Casey , Noble Joe , Smith Jim
Published: November 2022

Background Remotely sensed burned area products are critical to support fire modelling, policy, and management but often require further processing before use. Aim We calculated fire history metrics from the Landsat Burned Area Product (1984–2020) across the conterminous U.S. (CONUS) including (1) fire frequency, (2) time since last burn (TSLB), (3) year of last burn, (4) longest fire-free interval, (5) average fire interval length, and (6) contemporary fire return interval (cFRI). Methods Metrics were summarised by ecoregion and land ownership, and related to historical and cheatgrass datasets to demonstrate further applications of the products. Key results The proportion burned ranged from 0.7% in the Northeast Mixed Woods to 74.1% in the Kansas Flint Hills. The Flint Hills and Temperate Prairies showed the highest burn frequency, while the Flint Hills and the Sierra Nevada and Klamath Mountains showed the shortest TSLB. Compared to private, public land had greater burned area (19 of 31 ecoregions) and shorter cFRI (25 of 31 ecoregions). Conclusions Contemporary fire history metrics can help characterise recent fire regimes across CONUS. Implications In regions with frequent fire, comparison of contemporary with target fire regimes or invasive species datasets enables the efficient incorporation of burned area data into decision-making.
Quantifying the narrative flow of imagined versus autobiographical stories
Authors: Sap Maarten , Jafarpour Anna , Choi Yejin , Smith Noah A. , Pennebaker James W. , Horvitz Eric
Published: November 2022

Lifelong experiences and learned knowledge lead to shared expectations about how common situations tend to unfold. Such knowledge of narrative event flow enables people to weave together a story. However, comparable computational tools to evaluate the flow of events in narratives are limited. We quantify the differences between autobiographical and imagined stories by introducing sequentiality, a measure of narrative flow of events, drawing probabilistic inferences from a cutting-edge large language model (GPT-3). Sequentiality captures the flow of a narrative by comparing the probability of a sentence with and without its preceding story context. We applied our measure to study thousands of diary-like stories, collected from crowdworkers, about either a recent remembered experience or an imagined story on the same topic. The results show that imagined stories have higher sequentiality than autobiographical stories and that the sequentiality of autobiographical stories increases when the memories are retold several months later. In pursuit of deeper understandings of how sequentiality measures the flow of narratives, we explore proportions of major and minor events in story sentences, as annotated by crowdworkers. We find that lower sequentiality is associated with higher proportions of major events. The methods and results highlight opportunities to use cutting-edge computational analyses, such as sequentiality, on large corpora of matched imagined and autobiographical stories to investigate the influences of memory and reasoning on language generation processes.
An insect-inspired asymmetric hinge in a double-layer membrane
Authors: Rajabi Hamed , Eraghi Sepehr H. , Khaheshi Ali , Toofani Arman , Hunt Cherryl , Wootton Robin J.
Published: November 2022

Insect wings are deformable airfoils, in which deformations are mostly achieved by complicated interactions between their structural components. Due to the complexity of the wing design and technical challenges associated with testing the delicate wings, we know little about the properties of their components and how they determine wing response to flight forces. Here, we report an unusual structure from the hind-wing membrane of the beetlePachnoda marginata. The structure, a transverse section of the claval flexion line, consists of two distinguishable layers: a bell-shaped upper layer and a straight lower layer. Our computational simulations showed that this is an effective one-way hinge, which is stiff in tension and upward bending but flexible in compression and downward bending. By systematically varying its design parameters in a computational model, we showed that the properties of the double-layer membrane hinge can be tuned over a wide range. This enabled us to develop a broad design space, which we later used for model selection. We used selected models in three distinct applications, which proved that the double-layer hinge represents a simple yet effective design strategy for controlling the mechanical response of structures using a single material and with no extra mass. The insect-inspired, one-way hinge is particularly useful for developing structures with asymmetric behavior, exhibiting different responses to the same load in two opposite directions. This multidisciplinary study not only advances our understanding of the biomechanics of complicated insect wings but also informs the design of easily tunable engineering hinges.
Estimation and sensitivity analysis of operational intervention levels for the early phase of radiological emergencies involving radioactive releases
Authors: Chandra Anirudh , Murali S
Published: November 2022

Radiological emergencies involving any likely atmospheric release of radioactive material in the public domain are quite a challenge to respond to and manage. Such conditions require a quick and confident response. One such response involves using pre-planned operational intervention levels (OILs) to trigger certain protective actions or groups of actions. OILs are typically derived for nuclear emergencies, whose values cannot always be directly used in a radiological incident. Therefore, in this study, OILs were derived for the early phase of a radiological emergency involving ground- and skin-deposition exposure scenarios. The methodology is an adaptation of an internationally recommended method for nuclear emergencies, with modifications to suit radiological incidents. The derived OILs for the radiological emergency were compared against the internationally recommended values to attest their adaptability. Nominal range sensitivity analysis was performed over 14 factors used in the methodology, which provided broad insights into their influence. Moreover, exhaustive sampling of the extreme values of these factors helped to derive operational margins for the OILs to cover all possible scenario variations. Based on this analysis, generic OILs for the early phase of a radiological emergency are proposed, such that the projected doses are well below the respective generic criteria, ensuring justification on radiological grounds.
Study of a realistic model for electrically charged anisotropic stars with a simplest non-interacting quark matter equation of state
Authors: Alrebdi H I , Errehymy Abdelghani , Singh Ksh Newton , Mustafa G , Abdel-Aty Abdel-Haleem , Daoud Mohammed
Published: November 2022

In this article a self bound quark star model that possesses some net electric charge is introduced. The quarks considered here are deconfined non-interacting Fermi gas. The solution has been found by solving Einstein-Maxwell field equations through MIT-bag equation of state and a metric potential. The obtained solution is further use to present a comparative studies of four compact stars 4U 1820-30, PSR J1903 + 327, Vela X-1 and PSR J1614-2230. The models are free from singularity, fulfil energy conditions, stability criteria and far within Buchdahl-Andreasson limit. Finally, we have predicted radii of these four compact objects.
Studies on high power second-harmonic deep-UV generation from a high repetition-rate Cu-HBr laser
Authors: Biswal R , Prakash O , Dixit S K
Published: November 2022

This paper presents, for the first time, comprehensive studies on high power second harmonic deep ultraviolet (UV: λ ≈ 255.3 nm) generation from a low temperature, high repetition rate (18 kHz) variant of copper laser (Cu-HBr laser) with different optical resonators (plane–plane resonator and unstable resonators of magnifications 12.5, 50 & 100), pump-beam focussing condition and pump powers. With a type-I, critically phase matched β-barium borate (BBO) crystal as the harmonic generator and different pump average powers (⩽10 W) of the laser, the variation in UV average output powers and its conversion efficiencies were studied. The average UV power and conversion efficiency as high as about 2 W and 26% respectively were achieved. The experimental results were analysed in light of the beam quality attributes of the pump beams vis-à-vis limiting thermal and walk-off effects associated.
Spectral optimization of Stokes channels for multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber lasers
Authors: Rebuli Giuliano S , Silva Luís C B , Pedruzzi Eduarda , Leal-Junior Arnaldo G , Segatto Marcelo E V , Castellani Carlos E S
Published: November 2022

In this paper, through a semi-analytical model, we demonstrate the spectral optimization of Stokes channels for cascaded multi-wavelength Brillouin fiber lasers. Here we develop an improved version of an earlier model, introducing the erbium-doped fiber amplifier gain saturation into the mathematical formalism of the laser, making our model more accurate. Our results reveal that with the proper selection of laser component parameters, it is possible to increase the number of generated Stokes channels significantly and generate them with high flatness. Specifically, 75 and 69 Stokes channels were generated within a 3.7 and 3 dB range, respectively.
Design of twist-microstructured based wideband single-circular-polarization single-mode fibers
Authors: Xiao Yue-Yu , Xu Xin-Yu , Yao Rui-Ming
Published: November 2022

We propose a novel twist-microstructured fiber design to achieve single-circular polarization single-mode (SCP-SM) transmission. It consists of a round core and three lobes of microstructured regions in cladding. The local modes existing in the microstructured regions make a large coupling coefficient between the fundamental guiding mode and the leaky cladding mode possible. The orthogonal random direction method is used to find the optimal structural parameters, and numerical results show that the bandwidth of efficient circular polarization selectivity for the proposed SCP-SM fiber is approximately 155 nm, ranging from 1400 nm to 1550 nm. The influence of varying the parameters of the microstructured cladding on the single circular polarization performance is also discussed.
Concentration effect on the optical properties of laser irradiation copper phthalocyanine (CuPc blue) solution
Authors: Ali Ejam Ahmed , Abdul Wahhab Nihal A
Published: November 2022

The work aims to study the effect of varying the concentrations on the optical properties of the organic copper phthalocyanine pigment before and after exposure to a laser beam of different wavelengths

650
,

 

532
,

 and 

405

 nm

. The pigment was dissolved in chloroform solvent at room temperature and in several concentrations

0.05
,

 

0.1
,

 

and 

0.2

 g

l

−
1

. The optical properties including the spectrum of absorbance, transmittance, and reflectivity are measured. The work also presents the energy gap data that was calculated from the Tauc equation for all concentrations. The results showed that the band gap decreases with increasing solution concentration. The band gap is measured using both Tauc and fluorescence method, and the values are compared at concentration

0.2

 g

l

−
1

. The optical parameters such as absorption coefficient, extinction coefficients, refractive index, dielectric constants, and optical conductivity are increased with increasing laser time irradiation for all solution concentrations.
Noise induced escape from stable invariant tori
Authors: Zhao Feng , Li Yang , Liu Xian-bin
Published: November 2022

In the present paper, the noise-induced escape from stable invariant tori with the frame of general Langevin dynamics is investigated under weak random perturbations. Based on the large deviation theory, the quasi-potential, a quantity exponentially dominating the mean first escape time and the stationary or quasi-stationary probability density, is explored both analytically and numerically. The results show that whether the stochastic trajectories are ergodic on a torus has a crucial influence on the behavior of the quasi-potential. Specifically, there are two sources of ergodicity. One is the ergodicity of the deterministic flow, and the other requires the nondegeneracy of the noise in the tangential directions of a torus. It is found that if the ergodicity holds, the quasi-potential will be independent of the initial position on a torus, but not when the ergodicity is broken. In particular, it indicates that, for nonlinear systems driven by combined Gaussian white noise and multiple harmonic excitations, the mean first exit time varies discontinuously with respect to the frequency vector of these harmonic excitations as the noise intensity approaches zero. Adding noise to the phase of these harmonic excitations will eliminate the dependence on the initial position and thus, make the systems more robust. It reminds us that great care must be taken when dealing with noise-induced problems involving systems that possess unstable geometric structures.
A one-time sampling method for the real-time measurement of bunch-by-bunch three-dimensional positions in storage rings
Authors: Wu Ruizhe , Zhao Yunkun , Jin SanShuang , Tang Leilei , Lu Ping , Sun Baogen
Published: November 2022

Bunch-by-bunch (BbB) technique, which allows accelerator
physicists to monitor beam information on finer timescales, is an
efficient tool for studying longitudinal and transverse beam
dynamics. However, the real-time measurement in BbB technique can
only monitor one beam parameter, thus focusing only on the
longitudinal phase or transverse positions of bunches. Therefore, to
solve this issue, we put forward a one-time sampling method (OSM) to
evaluate the longitudinal phase and transverse positions of bunches
simultaneously, taking as one way of the real-time measurement for
BbB three-dimensional (3D) positions. And we carried out related
experiments in Hefei Light Source II and Shanghai Synchrotron
Radiation Facility. As a result, experiments show that OSM obtains
12 μm of x-direction resolution, 10 μm of
y-direction resolution, 0.57 ps of z-direction resolution at
Hefei Light Source II, and 10 μm of x-direction resolution,
10 μm of y-direction resolution, 0.35 ps of z-direction
resolution at Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility. All these
experimental results reveal that OSM is feasible to measure the BbB
3D positions.
Locomotion performance for oscillatory swimming in free mode
Authors: Paniccia D , Padovani L , Graziani G , Piva R
Published: November 2022

Oscillatory swimming of a fishlike body, whose motion is essentially promoted by the flapping tail, has been studied almost exclusively in axial mode under an incoming uniform stream or, more recently, self-propelled under a virtual body resistance. Obviously, both approaches do not consider the unavoidable recoil motions of the real body which have to be necessarily accounted for in a design procedure for technological means. Actually, once combined with the prescribed kinematics of the tail, the recoil motions lead to a remarkable improvement on the resulting swimming performance. An inviscid impulse model, linear in both potential and vortical contributions, is a proper tool to obtain a deeper comprehension of the physical events with respect to more elaborated flow interaction models. In fact, at a first look, the numerical results seem to be quite entangled, since their trends in terms of the main flapping parameters are not easy to be identified and a fair interpretation is obtained by means of the model capability to separate the effects of added mass and vortex shedding. Specifically, a prevailing dependence of the potential contribution on the heave amplitude and of the vortical contribution on the pitch amplitude is instrumental to unravel their combined action. A further aid for a proper interpretation of the data is provided by accounting separately for a geometrical component of the recoil which is expected to follow from the annihilation of any spurious rigid motion in case no fluid interactions occur. The above detailed decomposition of the recoil motions shows, through the numerical results, how the single components are going to influence the main flapping parameters and the locomotion performance as a guide for the design of biomimetic swimmers.
3D-bioprinting of aortic valve interstitial cells: impact of hydrogel and printing parameters on cell viability
Authors: Immohr Moritz Benjamin , Dos Santos Adrego Fabió , Teichert Helena Lauren , Schmidt Vera , Sugimura Yukiharu , Bauer Sebastian , Barth Mareike , Lichtenberg Artur , Akhyari Payam
Published: November 2022

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a frequent cardiac pathology in the aging society. Although valvular interstitial cells (VICs) seem to play a crucial role, mechanisms of CAVD are not fully understood. Development of tissue-engineered cellular models by 3D-bioprinting may help to further investigate underlying mechanisms of CAVD. VIC were isolated from ovine aortic valves and cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s Medium (DMEM). VIC of passages six to ten were dissolved in a hydrogel consisting of 2% alginate and 8% gelatin with a concentration of 2 × 106 VIC ml−1. Cell-free and VIC-laden hydrogels were printed with an extrusion-based 3D-bioprinter (3D-Bioplotter® Developer Series, EnvisionTec, Gladbeck, Germany), cross-linked and incubated for up to 28 d. Accuracy and durability of scaffolds was examined by microscopy and cell viability was tested by cell counting kit-8 assay and live/dead staining. 3D-bioprinting of scaffolds was most accurate with a printing pressure of P < 400 hPa, nozzle speed of v < 20 mm s−1, hydrogel temperature of T
H = 37 °C and platform temperature of T
P = 5 °C in a 90° parallel line as well as in a honeycomb pattern. Dissolving the hydrogel components in DMEM increased VIC viability on day 21 by 2.5-fold compared to regular 0.5% saline-based hydrogels (p < 0.01). Examination at day 7 revealed dividing and proliferating cells. After 21 d the entire printed scaffolds were filled with proliferating cells. Live/dead cell viability/cytotoxicity staining confirmed beneficial effects of DMEM-based cell-laden VIC hydrogel scaffolds even 28 d after printing. By using low pressure printing methods, we were able to successfully culture cell-laden 3D-bioprinted VIC scaffolds for up to 28 d. Using DMEM-based hydrogels can significantly improve the long-term cell viability and overcome printing-related cell damage. Therefore, future applications 3D-bioprinting of VIC might enable the development of novel tissue engineered cellular 3D-models to examine mechanisms involved in initiation and progression of CAVD.
Geometric-arithmetic master equation in large and fast open quantum systems
Authors: Davidović Dragomir
Published: November 2022

Understanding nonsecular dynamics in open quantum systems is addressed here, with emphasis on systems with large numbers of Bohr frequencies, zero temperature, and fast driving. We employ the master equation, which replaces arithmetic averages of the decay rates in the open system, with their geometric averages, and find that it can improve the second order perturbation theory, known as the Redfield equation, while enforcing complete positivity on quantum dynamics. The characteristic frequency scale that governs the approximation is the minimax frequency: the minimum of the maximum system oscillation frequency and the bath relaxation rate; this needs to be larger than the dissipation rate for it to be valid. The concepts are illustrated on the Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin-chain model. To study the accuracy of the approximation, a Hamiltonian is drawn from the Gaussian unitary ensemble, for which we calculate the fourth order time-convolutionless master equation, in the Ohmic bath at zero temperature. Enforcing the geometric average, decreases the trace distance to the exact solution. Dynamical decoupling of a qubit is examined by applying the Redfield and the geometric-arithmetic master equations, in the interaction picture of the time dependent system Hamiltonian, and the results are compared to the exact path integral solution. The geometric-arithmetic approach is significantly simpler and can be super-exponentially faster compared to the Redfield approach.
Thermodynamics of the infinity-range hubbard model in the spin-incoherent regime
Authors: O Ramos Gabriel F , Coutinho-Filho Mauricio D
Published: November 2022

The infinity-range Hubbard model on a d-dimensional hypercubic lattice is mapped onto an ideal gas with three species obeying the Haldane-Wu fractional exclusion statistics (FESs). Using this map, we study this system in the spin-incoherent regime and strong coupling limit. We have derived the polynomial series of the grand-canonical free, whose coefficients are Lerch functions, a signature of our FES description, as demonstrated for the entropy and specific heat in any dimension. For even dimensions the series are finite, and a table of coefficients versus dimensionality can be written, while for odd dimensions, the series diverges asymptotically, and can thus be circumvented by Borel summation.
Silicone implant surface roughness, friction, and wear
Authors: Atkins Dixon J , Chau Allison L , Rosas Jonah M , Chen Yen-Tsung , Chan Samantha T , Manuel Urueña Juan , Pitenis Angela A
Published: November 2022

Some textured silicone breast implants with high average surface roughness (‘macrotextured’) have been associated with a rare cancer of the immune system, Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma (BIA-ALCL). Silicone elastomer wear debris may lead to chronic inflammation, a key step in the development of this cancer. Here, we model the generation and release of silicone wear debris in the case of a folded implant-implant (‘shell-shell’) sliding interface for three different types of implants, characterized by their surface roughness. The ‘smooth’ implant shell with the lowest average surface roughness tested (Ra = 2.7 ± 0.6 μm) resulted in average friction coefficients of μ
avg = 0.46 ± 0.11 across 1,000 mm of sliding distance and generated 1,304 particles with an average particle diameter of D
avg = 8.3 ± 13.1 μm. The ‘microtextured’ implant shell (Ra = 32 ± 7.0 μm) exhibited μ
avg = 1.20 ± 0.10 and generated 2,730 particles with D
avg = 4.7 ± 9.1 μm. The ‘macrotextured’ implant shell (Ra = 80 ± 10 μm) exhibited the highest friction coefficients, μ
avg = 2.82 ± 0.15 and the greatest number of wear debris particles, 11,699, with an average particle size of D
avg = 5.3 ± 3.3 μm. Our data may provide guidance for the design of silicone breast implants with lower surface roughness, lower friction, and smaller quantities of wear debris.
Linear nonsaturating magnetoresistance in kagome superconductor CsV3Sb5 thin flakes
Authors: Wei Xinjian , Tian Congkuan , Cui Hang , Li Yongkai , Liu Shaobo , Feng Ya , Cui Jian , Song Yuanjun , Wang Zhiwei , Chen Jian-Hao
Published: November 2022

Linear nonsaturating magnetoresistance (LMR) represents a class of anomalous resistivity response to external magnetic field that has been observed in a variety of materials including but not limited to topological semi-metals, high-T
c superconductors and materials with charge density wave (CDW)/spin density wave orders. Here we report the observation of LMR in layered kagome superconductor and CDW material CsV3Sb5 thin flakes, as well as the dimensional crossover and temperature (T) crossover of such LMR. Specifically, in ultrathin CsV3Sb5 crystals, the magnetoresistance (MR) exhibits a crossover from LMR at low T to quadratic B dependence above the CDW transition temperature; the MR also exhibits a crossover from LMR to sublinear MR for sample thickness at around ∼20 nm at low T. We discuss several possible origins of the LMR and attribute the effect to two-dimensional CDW fluctuations. Our results may provide a new perspective for understanding the interactions between competing orders in kagome superconductors.
B, N co-doping graphene nanoribbons as effective oxygen reduction electrocatalyst
Authors: Tu Huanlu , Zhang Yumeng , Liu Peizhi , Hou Ying , Liu Yanzhen , Liang Jianguo , Zhang Haixia
Published: November 2022

In this study, a facile method was used to synthesize B, N-co-doped graphene nanoribbons (BN-GNRs), with g-C3N4 as a source of N and boric acid as a source of B, for use as an effective electrocatalyst for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Numerous wavy edges are exposed in GNRs, and these exposed wavy edges provide doping positions for N and B atoms. Compared with single doping of B or N, co-doping of B and N with opposite electronegativity can increase the doping amounts. Thus, the obtained BN-GNRs catalyst has tremendous graphitic- and pyridinic-N active sites, which are beneficial to oxygen adsorption and desorption and to electron mass transfer. Additionally, the interaction between nearby N and B can promote the ORR’s catalytic process and conversion efficiency. BN-GNRs demonstrate strong ORR performance, better selectivity, and stability. Moreover, their half-wave potential can reach 0.852 V in alkaline electrolyte, similar to that for Pt/C. This study shows that BN-GNRs can be employed as an effective metal-free ORR catalyst to replace commercial Pt/C.
Real-time, single breath-hold, multi-slice, 2D cine radial MR image reconstruction using sc-GROG k-t ESPIRiT
Authors: Aslam Ibtisam , Crowe Lindsey A , Kassai Miklos , Qazi Sohaib Ayaz , Omer Hammad , Vallée Jean-Paul
Published: November 2022

Background: Multi-slice, multiple breath-hold ECG-gated 2D cine MRI is a standard technique for evaluating heart function and restricted to one or two images per breath-hold. Therefore, the standard cine MRI requires long scan time and can result in slice-misalignments because of various breath-hold locations in the multiple acquisitions. Methods: This work proposes the sc-GROG based k-t ESPIRiT with Total Variation (TV) constraint (sc-GROG k-t ESPIRiT) to reconstruct unaliased cardiac real-time cine MR images from highly accelerated whole heart multi-slice, single breath-hold, real-time 2D cine radial data acquired using the balanced steady-state free precession (trueFISP) sequence in 8 patients. The proposed method quality is assessed via Artifact Power (AP), Root-Mean Square Error (RMSE), Structure Similarity Index (SSIM), Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR), blood-pool to myocardial Contrast-to-Noise-Ratio (CNR), Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) and spatial-temporal intensity plots through the blood-myocardium boundary. The proposed method quantitative results are compared with the NUFFT based k-t ESPIRiT with Total Variation (TV) constraint (NUFFT k-t ESPIRiT) approach. Furthermore, clinical analysis and function quantification are assessed by Bland–Altman (BA) analyses. Results: As supported by the visual assessment and evaluation parameters, the reconstruction results of the sc-GROG k-t ESPIRiT approach provide an average 21%, 12%, 1% and 47% improvement in AP, RMSE, SSIM and PSNR, respectively in comparison to the NUFFT k-t ESPIRiT approach. Furthermore, the proposed method gives on average 45% and 58% improved blood-pool to myocardial CNR and SNR than the NUFFT k-t ESPIRiT approach. Also, from the BA plot, the proposed method gives better left ventricular and right ventricular function measurements as compared to the NUFFT k-t ESPIRiT scheme. Conclusions: The sc-GROG k-t ESPIRiT (Proposed Method) improves the spatio-temporal quality of the whole heart multi-slice, single breath-hold, real-time 2D cine radial MR and semi-automated analysis using standard clinical software, as compared to the NUFFT k-t ESPIRiT approach.
Rapid growth of nanostructure on tungsten thin film by exposure to helium plasma
Authors: FENG Shuangyuan , KAJITA Shin , TOKITANI Masayuki , NAGATA Daisuke , OHNO Noriyasu
Published: November 2022

A fiberform nanostructure was synthesized by exposing high-density helium plasma to a 100 nm thick tungsten thin film in the linear plasma device NAGDIS-II. After helium plasma exposure, the cross-section of samples was observed by a scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and focused ion beam scanning electron microscope. It is shown that the thickness of the nanostructured layer increases significantly for only a short irradiation time. The optical absorptivity remains high, even though it is exposed to helium plasma for a short time. The usage of the thin film can shorten the processing time for nanostructure growth, which will be beneficial for commercial production.
Study of the spectrum effect on the threshold of resonant magnetic perturbation penetration on J-TEXT
Authors: MAO Feiyue , WANG Nengchao , HUANG Zhuo , REN Zhengkang , ZHOU Song , SHEN Chengshuo , ZHANG Xiaoyi , HE Ying , ZHANG Qi , JIA Ruo , ZHAO Chuanxu , LI Yangbo , HU Bo , LI Da , BALA Abba Alhaji , CHEN Zhipeng , CHEN Zhongyong , YANG Zhoujun , LIANG Yunfeng , DING Yonghua , PAN Yuan
Published: November 2022

The spectrum effect on the penetration of resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) is studied with upgraded in-vessel RMP coils on J-TEXT. The poloidal spectrum of the RMP field, especially the amplitudes of 2/1 and 3/1 components, can be varied by the phase difference between the upper and lower coil rows, Δϕ = ϕ
top−ϕ
bottom, where ϕ
top and ϕ
bottom are the toroidal phases of the n = 1 field of each coil row. The type of RMP penetration is found to be related to Δϕ, including the RMP penetration of either 2/1 or 3/1 RMP and the successive penetrations of 3/1 RMP followed by the 2/1 RMP. For cases with penetration of only one RMP component, the penetration thresholds measured by the corresponding resonant component are close for various Δϕ. However, the 2/1 RMP penetration threshold is significantly reduced if the 3/1 locked island is formed in advance. The changes in the rotation profile due to 3/1 locked island formation could partially contribute to the reduction of the 2/1 thresholds.
Optical atomic clock aboard an Earth-orbiting space station (OACESS): enhancing searches for physics beyond the standard model in space
Authors: Schkolnik Vladimir , Budker Dmitry , Fartmann Oliver , Flambaum Victor , Hollberg Leo , Kalaydzhyan Tigran , Kolkowitz Shimon , Krutzik Markus , Ludlow Andrew , Newbury Nathan , Pyrlik Christoph , Sinclair Laura , Stadnik Yevgeny , Tietje Ingmari , Ye Jun , Williams Jason
Published: November 2022

We present a concept for a high-precision optical atomic clock (OAC) operating on an Earth-orbiting space station. This pathfinder science mission will compare the space-based OAC with one or more ultra-stable terrestrial OACs to search for space-time-dependent signatures of dark scalar fields that manifest as anomalies in the relative frequencies of station-based and ground-based clocks. This opens the possibility of probing models of new physics that are inaccessible to purely ground-based OAC experiments where a dark scalar field may potentially be strongly screened near Earth’s surface. This unique enhancement of sensitivity to potential dark matter candidates harnesses the potential of space-based OACs.
Spin-orbit torques due to extrinsic spin-orbit scattering of topological insulator surface states: out-of-plane magnetization
Authors: Farokhnezhad Mohsen , Asgari Reza , Culcer Dimitrie
Published: November 2022

The origins of the spin-orbit torque (SOT) at ferromagnet/topological insulator interfaces are incompletely understood. The theory has overwhelmingly focussed on the Edelstein effect due to the surface states in the presence of a scalar scattering potential. We investigate here the contribution to the SOT due to extrinsic spin-orbit (SO) scattering of the surface states, focusing on the case of an out-of-plane magnetization. We show that SO scattering brings about a sizable renormalization of the field-like SOT, which exceeds 20

%

at larger strengths of the extrinsic SO parameter. The resulting SOT exhibits a maximum as a function of the Fermi energy, magnetization, and extrinsic SO strength. The field-like SOT decreases with increasing disorder strength, while the damping-like SOT is independent of the impurity density. With experimental observation in mind we also determine the role of extrinsic SO scattering on the anomalous Hall effect. Our results suggest extrinsic SO scattering is a significant contributor to the surface SOT stemming from the Edelstein effect when the magnetization is out of the plane.
Advanced characterization of organic–metal and organic–organic interfaces: from photoelectron spectroscopy data to energy-level diagrams
Authors: Wang Qi , Yang Jiacheng , Gerlach Alexander , Schreiber Frank , Duhm Steffen
Published: November 2022

Organic–metal and organic–organic interfaces account for the functionality of virtually all organic optoelectronic applications and the energy-level alignment is of particular importance for device performance. Often the energy-level alignment is simply estimated by metal work functions and ionization energies and electron affinities of the organic materials. However, various interfacial effects such as push back, mirror forces (also known as screening), electronic polarization or charge transfer affect the energy-level alignment. We perform x-ray and ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS and UPS) measurements on copper-hexadecafluorophthalocyanine (F16CuPc) and titanyl-phthalocyanine (TiOPc) thin films on Ag(111) and use TiOPc bilayers to decouple F16CuPc layers from the metal substrate. Even for our structurally well-characterized model interfaces and by stepwise preparation of vacuum-sublimed samples, a precise assignment of vacuum-level and energy-level shifts remains challenging. Nevertheless, our results provide guidelines for the interpretation of XPS and UPS data of organic–metal and organic–organic interfaces.
Controllable rectification on the thermal conductivity of porous YBa2Cu3O7−

x
superconductors from 3D-printing
Authors: Ma Yanbin , Zhang Baoqiang , Zhang Xingyi , Zhou You-He
Published: November 2022

Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−x
(YBCO) bulks have promising applications in quasi-permanent magnets, levitation, etc. Recently, a new way of fabricating porous YBCO bulks, named direct-ink-writing (DIW) 3D-printing method, has been reported. In this method, the customized precursor paste and programmable shape are two main advantages. Here, we have put forward a new way to customize the YBCO 3D-printing precursor paste which is doped with Al2O3 nanoparticles to obtain YBCO with higher thermal conductivity. The great rheological properties of precursor paste after being doped with Al2O3 nanoparticles can help the macroscopic YBCO samples with high thermal conductivity fabricated stably with high crystalline and lightweight properties. Test results show that the peak thermal conductivity of Al2O3-doped YBCO can reach twice as much as pure YBCO, which makes a great effort to reduce the quench propagation speed. Based on the microstructure analysis, one can find that the thermal conductivity of Al2O3-doped YBCO has been determined by its components and microstructures. In addition, a macroscopic theoretical model has been proposed to assess the thermal conductivity of different microstructures, whose calculated results take good agreement with the experimental results. Meanwhile, a microstructure with high thermal conductivity has been found. Finally, a macroscopic YBCO bulk with the presented high thermal conductivity microstructure has been fabricated by the Al2O3-doped method. Compared with YBCO fabricated by the traditional 3D-printed, the Al2O3-doped structural YBCO bulks present excellent heat transfer performances. Our customized design of 3D-printing precursor pastes and novel concept of structural design for enhancing the thermal conductivity of YBCO superconducting material can be widely used in other DIW 3D-printing materials.
Study on recyclable precast-slab-fabricated road based on arching effect theory
Authors: Liu Dapeng , Fu Qiang , Wang Jing , Wang Mengmeng , Li Wei , Liu Mengxi
Published: November 2022

Precast slab parameters are important factors affecting the mechanical performance and service life of precast-slab-fabricated recyclable roads. To clarify the force mechanism of recyclable precast-slab-fabricated roads and provide a basis for selecting slab parameters, a field test of a recyclable road fabricated using a large-scale precast slab was conducted in this study. The horizontal and vertical stresses on the top and bottom surfaces of the precast slab are determined. The stress-time history curves show that the horizontal and vertical stresses have peak values corresponding to the time at which the axle acts directly on the precast slab. Based on the arching effect theory, the mechanical mechanism of a precast-slab-fabricated recyclable road was analyzed. Owing to the arching effect between the precast slabs, they were cooperatively stressed. Compared with precast slab bearing vehicle load independently, When the arch effect works, both the maximum horizontal stress and the vertical stress decrease. According to the field test results, the influence laws of the material, size, thickness, and shape of the precast slab on precast slab stress were obtained. In order to achieve maximum service life and road performance of recyclable Precast-Slab-Fabricated road, the characteristic parameters of the precast slab are suggested as follows. The grade of concrete used for the precast slab should be more than C30, the size of precast slab can be 2 m, large thickness of precast slab should be used(e.g.0.2 m), and square precast slab with width-length ratio of 1 should be adopted as far as possible.
Effective contraction of Skinning maps
Authors: Cremaschi Tommaso , Dello Schiavo Lorenzo
Published: November 2022

Using elementary hyperbolic geometry, we give an explicit formula for the contraction constant of the skinning map over moduli spaces of relatively acylindrical hyperbolic manifolds.
Zariski’s dimensionality type of singularities. Case of dimensionality type 2
Authors: Parusiński Adam , Păunescu Laurenţiu
Published: November 2022

In the 1970s O. Zariski introduced a general theory of equisingularity for algebroid and algebraic hypersurfaces over an algebraically closed field of characteristic zero. His theory builds up on understanding the dimensionality type of hypersurface singularities, notion defined recursively by considering the discriminants loci of successive “generic” corank

1
1

projections. The theory of singularities of dimensionality type 1, that is the ones appearing generically in codimension 1, was developed by Zariski in his foundational papers on equisingular families of plane curve singularities. In this paper we completely settle the case of dimensionality type 2, by studying Zariski equisingular families of surfaces singularities, not necessarily isolated, in the three-dimensional space.
On the irrationality of moduli spaces of K3 surfaces
Authors: Agostini Daniele , Barros Ignacio , Lai Kuan-Wen
Published: November 2022

We study how the degrees of irrationality of moduli spaces of polarized K3 surfaces grow with respect to the genusgg. We prove that the growth is bounded by a polynomial function of degree14+ε14+\varepsilonfor anyε>0\varepsilon >0and, for three sets of infinitely many genera, the bounds can be refined to polynomials of degree1010. The main ingredients in our proof are the modularity of the generating series of Heegner divisors due to Borcherds and its generalization to higher codimensions due to Kudla, Millson, Zhang, Bruinier, and Westerholt-Raum. For special genera, the proof is also built upon the existence of K3 surfaces associated Hodge theoretically with certain cubic fourfolds, Gushel–Mukai fourfolds, and hyperkähler fourfolds.
A mathematical model of calcium signals around laser-induced epithelial wounds
Authors: Stevens Aaron C. , O’Connor James T. , Pumford Andrew D. , Page-McCaw Andrea , Hutson M. Shane
Published: November 2022

A mathematical model in the context of laser ablation of the Drosophila pupal notum that integrates tissue-level damage models with a cellular calcium signaling toolkit is presented. The model replicates experiments and suggests a necessary role of cell–cell variability and intercellular IP3 transfer.
A hospital at home case report: Prolonged amphotericin B therapy via elastomeric pump
Authors: Horr Tara , Muscarella Joseph , Crocker Kristina , Kimmerling Megan , Reeves Tracy , Moreno Marion L , Lewis Michelle , Young Brett T , Ryan Starnes J , Niehoff Kristina M , Kripalani Sunil
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Hospital at home is an alternative means of providing inpatient care for a patient requiring prolonged liposomal amphotericin B therapy.

Hospital at home is a unique care model that allows patients to receive inpatient hospital care within the comfort of their home and can be seen as an alternative care site for patients with complex treatment regimens that may require prolonged hospitalization. Hospital systems have increasingly begun incorporating hospital at home programs into their inpatient service lines. We present the case of a patient with disseminated histoplasmosis requiring a prolonged course of intravenous liposomal amphotericin B therapy. Because of the complex administration and stability of this medication, care is often provided in an inpatient setting. The Vanderbilt University Medical Center Hospital at Home team was able to coordinate resources and services to allow for this patient to receive acute hospital care at home and continue to receive amphotericin B infusion.

Conclusion

This experience spotlights how hospital at home can be considered for patients requiring ongoing inpatient care for prolonged intravenous treatment courses.
Autologous Fat Grafting With CO2 Tissue Preparation (Carbo-pneumodissection): A Safe Method for Expanding and Enhancing Recipient Site Capacity and Aesthetic Outcomes
Authors: Winder Gilad , Gronovich Yoav , Elias Nardin , Segal Eran , Ben-David Merav A , Tsur Rotem , Maisel Lotan Adi , Scheflan Michael
Published: November 2022

Background

Autologous fat grafting (AFG) is commonly used as part of aesthetic and reconstruction procedures, but expanding and enhancing the recipient site capacity remains a major challenge.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to describe and assess an innovative intraoperative carbon dioxide (CO2) pneumodissection (CPD) recipient site preconditioning procedure intended to improve recipient site capacity and AFG outcomes.

Methods

From June 2019 to August 2021, 53 patients after mastectomy or lumpectomy (76 breasts) underwent 96 AFG procedures as a separate stage immediately following tissue preconditioning with CPD.

Results

There were no systemic or major local complications. The mean number of AFG procedures required to complete the reconstruction was 1.3 per breast. The vast majority of patients achieved a final satisfactory aesthetic outcome with either 1 or 2 procedures (77.6% and 18.4%, respectively). The volume of fat graft delivered into the recipient site per session following CPD was higher than previous literature reports for all study groups. Furthermore, the CPD procedure was associated with a reduced need for subsequent AFG to complete the reconstruction. The positive effect of CPD, in terms of AFG volume delivered, was even more prominent among scarred irradiated breasts. Despite the large fat graft volumes delivered in our study, only 5.3% of breasts experienced fat necrosis following the procedure.

Conclusions

CPD constitutes a safe, innovative, intraoperative method to expand and enhance recipient site capacity and fat grafting outcome. CPD allows cavernous expansion alongside preservation of the microcirculation. CPD works for both healthy and compromised tissues, in either reconstructive or aesthetic procedures.

Level of Evidence: 4
Molecular markers for early stratification of disease severity and progression in COVID-19
Authors: Kashyap Anusha , Sebastian Savitha Anne , Krishnaiyer NarayanaSwamy Sree Raksha , Raksha KalyanKumar , Krishnamurthy Hanumanthappa , Krishna Bhuvana , D’Souza George , Idiculla Jyothi , Vyas Neha
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 infections have imposed immense pressure on the healthcare system of most countries. While the initial studies have identified better therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, the disease severity is still assessed by close monitoring of symptoms by healthcare professionals due to the lack of biomarkers for disease stratification. In this study, we have probed the immune and molecular profiles of COVID-19 patients at 48-h intervals after hospitalization to identify early markers, if any, of disease progression and severity. Our study reveals that the molecular profiles of patients likely to enter the host-immune response-mediated moderate or severe disease progression are distinct even in the early phase of infection when severe symptoms are not yet apparent. Our data from 37 patients suggest that at hospitalization, interleukins (IL6) (>300 pg/ml) and IL8 levels (>200 pg/ml) identify cytokine-dependent disease progression. Monitoring their levels will facilitate timely intervention using available immunomodulators or precision medicines in those likely to progress due to cytokine storm and help improve outcomes. Additionally, it will also help identify cytokine-independent progressive patients, not likely to benefit from immunomodulators or precision drugs.
Strengthening the link between mitophagy and Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Ganley Ian G
Published: November 2022

This scientific commentary refers to ‘Regulation of mitophagy by the NSL complex underlies genetic risk for Parkinson's disease at 16q11.2 and MAPT H1 loci’ by Soutar et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac325); and ‘DJ-1 is an essential downstream mediator in PINK1/parkin-dependent mitophagy’ by Imberechts et al. (https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awac313).