bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORUM «TERRITORY OF NDT» 2020
Authors: Artemiev B. V. , Galkin D. I. , Matveev V. I. , Zusman G. V. , Kovalev A. V.
Published: January 2021

A brief analytical review of the events of the VII International Industrial Forum “NDT Territory. Non-Destructive testing. Tests. Diagnostics” and the “XXII Аll-Russian Scientific and Technical Conference on Non-Destructive Control and Technical Diagnostics” held simultaneously with it. All events were held at the Expocenter Central Exhibition Complex in Moscow. The exhibition of instruments and tools of NK and TD was accompanied by a business program. Within the framework of the forum, round tables were held on topical issues of non-destructive testing and technical diagnostics. The exhibition was attended by more than 57 companies, and information support was provided by a number of news agencies, including the “Spectrum Publishing House” and “RIA Standards and Quality” (“World of Measurement” magazine). In addition to equipment for non-destructive testing and technical diagnostics, modern test equipment, testing and analytical equipment begins to appear on the stands of exhibitors. This year there was a focus on hightech solutions for engineering, metallurgy, oil and gas and other industries. The final of the competition for NK specialists and the award ceremony took place. For the first time, the “Salon of Innovations and Startups 2020” was organized at this Forum, in which representatives of 20 organizations took part. The forum demonstrated a high technical level of non-destructive testing, their metrological support, as well as certification and standardization.
ANALYTICAL MODELING OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION SIGNALS IN THIN-WALLED OBJECTS
Authors: Barat V. A. , Terentyev D. A. , Bardakov V. V. , Elizarov S. V.
Published: January 2021

For the effective detection of acoustic emission (AE) impulses against the noise background, the correct assessment of AE parameters and the increase in the defect location accuracy during data processing, it is necessary to consider the waveform of the AE impulse. The results of numerous studies have shown that the waveform of the AE impulse mainly depends on the properties of the waveguide – the path along which the signal propagates from the source to the sensor. In this paper, the effective analytical method for modeling of AE signals is considered, which allows to obtain model signals that have the shape of the envelope and spectrum as real one. Based on the obtained results, the attenuation parameters of AE waves for various characteristics of the waveguide and evaluate the probability of defects detecting at various distances between the AE source and sensor are evaluated. Based on the results obtained, the parameters of the AE impulse for various characteristics of the waveguide were estimated, and the parameters of the AE pulses and noise were compared.
STANDARDS FOR THE TECHNICAL STATE TESTING OF REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES BY MEANS OF ACOUSTIC EMISSION METHOD
Authors: Sagaydak A. I. , Bardakov V. V. , Elizarov S. V. , Ivanov V. I.
Published: January 2021

The review of 3 standards in the field of concrete and reinforced concrete acoustic emission testing, developed and issued by International Organization for Standardization in 2019 is provided in the article. The first standard describes the process of acoustic emission signals measuring in concrete and reinforced concrete. The second standard describes test method for damage qualification of reinforced concrete beams. This standard allows dividing the damage degree of reinforced concrete beams into 3 groups: minor, intermediate, heavy. The third standard describes method for active cracks classification in concrete. This standard allows dividing growing cracks into 2 types: tensile cracks and other crack types (shear). Experimental studies on the correctness assessment of these standards by reinforced concrete beams three-point bending testing with incremental cyclic load were carried out. In total 5 RC beams of heavy concrete with different concrete strength and reinforcing type were tested. Based on the testing results the correctness of the criteria and methods presented in the standards was confirmed.
A TECHNIQUE FOR MONITORING THE INTEGRITY OF THE COATING AND DEVICE FOR ITS IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Moroz A. V. , Sipatdinov A. M. , Filimonov V. E.
Published: January 2021

The developed methodology for monitoring the integrity of the protective coating is designed to control dielectric and high-resistance coatings. The control technique consists in measuring the resistance of the signal conductor located between the base of the part that is dielectric insulated from each other and the protective coating. By changing the resistance of the signal conductor, the integrity of the protective coating is judged. A friction machine that implements this technique allows testing the wear resistance of a coating according to GOST 30480–97 with simultaneous monitoring of coating integrity. The results of a joint test of a friction machine and methods during testing for wear of different coatinges are also demonstrated.
INFLUENCE OF MEASUREMENT ERROR DISTRIBUTION THE ACCURACY RATES OF THE CONTROL
Authors: Danilevich S. B. , Tretyak V. V.
Published: January 2021

The influence of the type of distribution of measurement error and measurement uncertainty on the reliability of the multiparameter measurement testing is studied. Indicators of testing reliability include the probability of a control error of type 2 (P2), as well as the risk of the customer Rз and the risk of the manufacturer Rп. These control reliability indicators were calculated for different values of measurement uncertainty. The study was performed using the Monte Carlo method (imitation modelling). Three models of measurement error distribution were used: normal distribution, triangular (Simpson) distribution, uniform distribution. The results obtained allow us to establish the measurement uncertainty that provides the required risk of the customer (or another indicator of reliability). The following was established. For the symmetric law of error distribution, the highest estimates of the reliability indicators take place with a uniform distribution of the measurement error. The probability of P2 is weakly dependent on the number of controlled parameters and the type of distribution of the measurement error, but it significantly depends on the accuracy of measurements. The customer's risk depends significantly on both the number of controlled parameters and the accuracy of measurements during control.
MONITORING BY FIBER OPTICAL SENSORS OF RELIABILITY OF OPERATION OF BUILDING STRUCTURES WITH EXTERNAL COMPOSITE REINFORCEMENT
Authors: Fedotov M. Yu. , Budadin O. N. , Kozelskaya S. O. , Ovchinnikov I. G. , Shelemba I. S.
Published: January 2021

This article describes of the actual state of building structures by the example of structures of reinforced concrete and metal bridges. It is shown that a high degree of wear of artificial structures leads to the need for a reliable assessment of their actual condition using modern methods and means of non-destructive testing and diagnostics, as well as strengthening exploited structures with polymer composite materials. The results of researches on fiber-optic monitoring and strengthening of bridge spans with composite materials based on domestic and foreign carbon reinforcing fillers and epoxy polymer matrices are presented. It has been experimentally shown that for reinforced concrete structures it is advisable to use composite strengthening systems using external reinforcement installed directly on the damaged object by contact molding. For metal structures, this approach is not applicable due to a significant difference in the coefficients of linear thermal expansion of composites and metals. In this case, an amplification system based on prefabricated composite truss systems made by autoclave and unautoclave molding can be applied. The obtained research results also indicate the advisability of joint use of monitoring systems and strengthening of damaged bridge structures by composites.
STATIC TESTS OF FULL-SIZE ACOUSTIC PANELS OF AIRCRAFT GAS-TURBINE ENGINES
Authors: Osadchy N. V. , Shepel V. T.
Published: January 2021

The article suggests the installation and methods of static tests for the limit working and fracture loads of acoustic panels of aircraft gas-turbine engines (GTE). It is not possible to perform the full scope of static tests on the engine as it is technically impossible to obtain the airflow pressures required by airworthiness standards. The required pressure in the proposed installation is created by the punch, which is the same shape as the panel to be tested. Flexible rubber sheets are used to equalize contact pressure on the panel surface. The similarity in the distribution of pressures on the surface of the acoustic panel created by the air flow as part of the GTE and the pressures created by the punch as part of the installation is confirmed by comparing the stresses and deformations obtained as a result of finite-element calculations. The article presents the results of certification static tests and flaw detection of a three-layer acoustic panel. Comparison of the results of finite-element calculations of stresses and displacements of the acoustic panel as a part of GTE and as a part of the installation has shown that in the latter case the estimations of static strength are conservative, which positively affects their safe operation.
ACCURACY OF MEASURING SYSTEMS BASED ON LASER MODULES
Authors: Makhov V. E. , Emelyanov A. V. , Potapov A. I. , Petrushenko V. M.
Published: January 2021

Measuring systems using the design of laser module beams on the surface of the object under study are considered. A technique is proposed for experimental studies of the brightness structure of the study of laser modules for their subsequent testing. Adaptive algorithms for determining the type of module and distance have been developed for determining the coordinates of light marks on the surface of controlled products, ensuring the accuracy and reliability of the measurement. The need for high-precision measuring systems to carry out their preliminary selection and calibration of laser modules according to the proposed method, taking into account the range of design of light marks, is shown. It is shown in the work that the accuracy of determining the relative coordinates in the trajectory of the light marks of laser modules at a distance of 5 m for plain surfaces of the observed objects can be several times higher (0,2…0,3 mm) of the accuracy of determining their absolute coordinates (»1 mm).
ACOUSTIC EMISSION CONTROL OF THE PROCESS OF DESTRUCTION OF CARBON FIBER SAMPLES AND THE WING BOX UNDER SHOCK LOADS
Authors: Stepanova L. N. , Chernova V. V , Miloserdova M. A.
Published: January 2021

Investigations of three groups of samples from carbon fiber T 700 and the composite wing box of the aircraft were carried out. Samples with monolayers laying 0; 90; –45 were subjected to shock loads, which were applied at their center with a load in the form of a blunt tip weighing 0.53 kg. Loads were dumped from a height of 0,3; 0,5; 1 m per sample. Impact damage with an energy of 15 J was also applied to the upper surface of the carbon fiber wing box. Acoustic emission (AE) signals were recorded from the piezoelectric antenna sensors mounted on the wing samples and box both during the impact of the weight with the object under study and during rebounds. The locations where the shock load were applied were located and the parameters of the AE signals were analyzed. The influence of the type of monolayer laying on the process of cracking in the material of the samples arising at different energy of shock loads was determined.
ANALYSIS OF THE POSSIBILITY OF NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING OF THE CARBURIZING DEPTH OF 18KHGT STEEL USING POLE MAGNETIZATION
Authors: Sandomirski S. G. , Valco A. L. , Rudenko S. P.
Published: January 2021

High-voltage transmission parts of energy-saturated machines are made of cemented steels subjected to chemical-thermal treatment. In low carbon steel, a strong high carbon surface layer is formed with a relatively soft and viscous core of the product. Non-destructive magnetic control of the depth of the hardened layer is based on the difference in the physical properties of the surface layer and the core of the product. The coercive force Hc has received the greatest application for quality control of surface hardening. One of the most common methods for controlling the properties of products made of ferromagnetic materials according to the results of the indirect determination of Hc is the “point pole” method. The modern implementation of the “point pole” method is implemented in the device “Magnetic Sorter MS-1”. The device measures the gradient of the normal component of the remanent magnetization field above the point of contact of the magnet pole with the surface of the product being monitored. The studis showed that there is a close correlation between the carburizing depth of the studied samples of 18KhGT steel and the readings of the MS-1 device. This is a prerequisite for the development of a non-destructive method for controlling the quality of cementation of gears of transmissions of mobile machines.
THE EXPERIENCE OF CONTINUOUS THICKNESS MEASUREMENT BASED ON PHASED ARRAY FLAW DETECTOR
Authors: Fedotovskikh V. G. , Tikhonov D. S. , Romashkin S. V.
Published: January 2021

Two techniques for conducting ultrasonic thickness measurement, developed by SPC “ECHO+”, are considered, one of which is designed for continuous thickness measurement of the base metal, and the other for thickness measurement of welded joints. The ultrasound methods used in these techniques are briefly described. The results of their application are presented. Also described control tools manufactured by SPC “ECHO +” for performing thickness measurement according to these methods.
METHOD FOR MEASURING THE PRESSURE OF A SHOCK-ACOUSTIC WAVE OF AN ELECTRIC EXPLOSION OF A CONDUCTOR IN A DISCHARGE CHAMBER WITH A CONDENSED ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Surkaev A. L. , Mukha Yu. R.
Published: January 2021

An electric explosion of conductors, as well as an electric discharge as a whole, is a poorly studied unique phenomenon that is widely used both in basic scientific research and in various technological processes, which determines the relevance of further studies of ongoing processes. In this paper, we consider the methods and carry out calibration procedures to determine the value of the conversion coefficient for a piezoelectric pressure transducer with a reactive acoustic waveguide made of non-Newtonian fluid material. Designs of calibration plants are shown, the principle of which is based on the method of falling load and the interaction of parallel currents. The results of recording and measuring the pressure of a shock acoustic wave (SAW) generated by an electric explosion of a metal conductor of a ring-shaped geometry in a closed space of conical geometry with a condensed (aqueous) medium are presented. The discharge current and the voltage drop across the exploding flat ring foil (EEFRF) were recorded by the Rogowski belt and voltage divider, respectively. The pressure pulse of the acoustic shock wave was recorded by a piezoelectric pressure transducer. The electrical signals were recorded with a GDS-810 S digital two-beam storage oscilloscope. The amplitude value of pressure was estimated by plastic deformation of the plate sensor in the form of a round thin plate with clamped edges.
EXPERIENCE OF USING ACOUSTIC FLAW DETECTORS ID-91M AND AD-60K IN ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF MULTILAYER STRUCTURES
Authors: Uzkikh A. A. , Iskhuzhin R. R. , Atavin V. G.
Published: January 2021

The article considers the experience of using acoustic flaw detectors ID-91M and AD-60K for non-destructive control of the continuity of filling gaps with Vixint-K18 sealant, quality control of composite material based on organoplastics and construction of boroaluminium composite materials. The analysis of publications on the issue under consideration is performed. A list of publications from 15 sources is presented. An analysis of the continuity of filling gaps with a sealant was carried out with the construction of diagrams of the distribution of signal amplitudes across the scanning zones. The measurement results are presented in the figures in the form of a color scheme by selected amplitude scale. The effect on the results of changes in the edge effect is shown, insufficient locality of the sensors used is noted. For structures made of composite materials based on organoplastics and boroaluminum material, dependences of signal amplitudes on the depth of imitators of defects of various sizes are constructed. A static analysis of the measurement results from each of the defect simulators is performed. Good reproducibility of the acoustic signal for specific simulators is shown. The dependences of the signal amplitudes on the layer thickness to the defect simulator are constructed for two different transducers (RSP-60 and SP-60). It is proposed that the SP-60 transducer with less sensitivity but with a monotonic characteristic will be used for a rough estimation of measurement results, and the RSP-60 transducer, with a higher sensitivity but with non-monotonic characteristic, will be used to refine the results. Studies have shown the effectiveness of using acoustic flaw detectors ID-91M and AD-60K with non-destructive testing of the quality of manufacturing a number of structures from multilayer composite materials. Based on the results of the studies, the optimal settings for flaw detectors for various types of controlled parts were selected, a non-destructive testing method for structures by the acoustic method was developed and certified, and metrological parameters of the method were evaluated.
PECULIARITIES OF MACHINERY CONDITION VIBRATION MONITORING WITH USING THE S-DISCRIMINANTS
Authors: Sokolova A. G. , Balitsky F. Ya. , Sizarev V. D.
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the results of the specific vibration condition monitoring approach for maintenance of unique critical equipment provided complete access impossibility to its components (due to radiation environment) throughout the entire operation period. The approach bases on the previously proposed S-discriminants of vibrations which are calculated with adaptation to the reference state of the equipment. The method showed its high efficiency in detecting the moment of machine operation process imbalance and in tracking the equipment components degradation, starting from the earliest stage. It is illustrated on the example of the movable neutron reflector PO-3 of the IBR-2 research reactor that it is possible not only to detect in time the moment when a fault occurs, but also to make a preliminary express diagnosis of its condition.
ROLLING BEARING TECHNICAL CONDITION FORECASTING USING VIBRATION ACCELERATION OVERALL LEVEl
Authors: Sarapulov Yu. V. , Sidorov V. A. , Sushko A. E. , Khasanov R. A.
Published: January 2021

Traditionally, the assessment of changes in the technical condition of individual components and mechanisms of rotation machines in industry is associated with trends analysis of various vibration parameters. Over the decades of using vibration analysis, we have accumulated extensive experience in faults locating and critically determining, however, it is the assessment of the remaining life that regulates the timing of maintenance and repair activities that is of great practical importance. This article uses the example of a pump unit rolling bearing to consider approaches to predicting the growsup stage of defects based on the analysis of values of vibration acceleration levels. The stages of normal operation and other stages of bearing damage are highlighted, threshold values are calculated and dependences of changes in diagnostic criteria for each stage of the life cycle are constructed. The obtained dependencies show results that are similar in general, but individual in their values, therefore, the accumulation of possible scenarios of events allows creating a knowledge base for predicting the behavior of a mechanical system. The necessary tools for multifactor forecasting were implemented within the SAFE PLANT software platform (LLC SPA DIATECH, Moscow) and are successfully applied at Uralkali PJSC for monitoring the technical condition of all technological equipment and managing MRO processes by integrating the results of diagnostics and forecast assessments into the ORACLE corporate system.
RESEARCHES OF THE POSSIBILITY OF ASSESSING DAMAGE TO THREE-LAYER STRUCTURES BY IMPACT DAMAGE BY METHOD OF COMPUTED X-RAY TOMOGRAPHY
Authors: Larin A. A. , Fedotov M. Yu. , Budadin O. N. , Kozel’skaya S. O. , Reznichenko V. I.
Published: January 2021

This article describes the results of researches on the assessment of the applicability of the method of computer X-ray tomography for monitoring the internal structure of three-layer structures with carbon composite cladding and aluminum honeycomb, a general description of the method is given. It has been experimentally shown that the method of computed X-ray tomography allows one to evaluate the porosity of carbon composite plating, to identify stratifications resulting from impact. Comparative results of the non-destructive testing of a three-layer carbon composite sample made by autoclave molding from a unidirectional carbon tape and an adhesive epoxy matrix and aluminum honeycomb before and after impact are presented. It was revealed that for the upper lining of a carbon composite, the maximum number of macrodefects of the type stratification occurs directly in the impact zone and adjacent local areas, and leads to a change in the geometry of the skin and honeycomb aggregate, as well as a multiple increase in porosity in comparison with the results of the preimpact test. It should be noted that in the lower skin the porosity due to impact increases slightly, evenly distributed over the volume of the skin, which indicates the occurrence of cracking in the polymer matrix of the carbon composite.Thus, the method of computer x-ray tomography is an effective tool for controlling the damage of three-layer structures by impact.
MAGNETOELASTIC ELECTROMAGNETIC ACOUSTIC TRANSFORMATION. PART 7
Authors: Komarov V. A.
Published: January 2021

A double EMAT has been considered analytically and experimentally for the perpendicular arrangement of the electromagnetic field of the emitter and the polarizing field in ferromagnets. At relatively low conductivities of the samples the transformation leads to the significant discrepancy between the maxima position of the shear waves elastic displacements and the EMF maxima position of the double EMAT along the interface due to the Wiedemann effect. The discrepancy decreases with the approaching to the center of symmetry of the emitter. It has been shown that the transformation efficiency at the Wiedemann effect is determined by the ratio of linear magnetostriction along the direction of the polarizing field to the magnetization along this field. Experimental measurements showed that the Wiedemann effect is characterized by the stretched curve of the EMAT efficiency dependence on the induction or amplitude of the polarizing field with the increase in these values up to the magnetic saturation of the ferromagnet. When the magnetization of the material is normal relative to the interface, the dependence on the conversion efficiency is determined only by the Wiedemann effect for ferrite and by the Wiedemann effect and the electrodynamic effect for a well conducting sample material.
COMPARISON OF CHARACTERISTICS OF SEARCHING SYSTEMS OF MOBILE MEANS OF RAILS OF RAIL DEFECTOSCOPY
Authors: Tarabrin V. F.
Published: January 2021

The characteristics of wheel-type search systems and sliding systems used for ultrasonic rail monitoring are considered, and their comparison is performed. It is shown that the use of a wheel-type system, the acoustic path of which contains a liquid medium with an increased propagation time of ultrasonic vibrations, limits the control speed to 60 km/h. It is noted that when passing a wheel-type search system of curved sections of track and rails with lateral wear, a change in the direction of propagation of the ultrasonic beam is observed due to a change in the tilt of the wheel relative to the rolling surface of the rail head, which reduces the reliability of detection of rail defects. The disadvantages of the wheel system also include a complex design, low maintainability, poor protection when operating at low temperatures and mechanical stresses, limitations on the ability to operate at high speeds, complicated alignment and, in general, the complexity of maintenance. The characteristics of the retrieval sliding system developed by the specialists of JSC Firma TVEMA are given that provide detection of rail defects with high reliability, operate at low temperatures, and realize a control speed of up to 140 km/h, including in curved sections of the track. The advantages of the proposed non-contact magnetic centering system of the search system, excluding mechanical contact with the rail and the dependence of the centering accuracy on the state of the working face of the rail head, providing unhindered passage of turnouts, including without reducing the speed of control, are presented.
RESEARCH OF OPTOELECTRONIC SYSTEMS ON THE BASIS OF A TELESCOPE WITH A LIGHT FIELD DIGITAL CAMERA
Authors: Makhov V. E. , Shirobokov V. V. , Emelyanov A. V. , Potapov A. I.
Published: January 2021

Within the framework of solving the problems of developing intelligent optoelectronic systems for monitoring remote objects, the possibilities of constructing schemes for registering remote objects with a telescopic system based on a light field digital camera are considered. A technique for calculating a two-component optical scheme for registering distant objects by an optoelectronic system based on a digital camera of a light field is presented, and a layout of an experimental setup for registering a scale model of an object with a two-component optical system consisting of a main mirror of a Newtonian telescope and a digital camera of a light field is presented. The principles of constructing algorithms for determining the main parameters of controlled objects and high-precision calibration of the optical system of the recorder have been developed. The fundamental possibility of constructing a light field correlator on the basis of a telescope is shown. An example of processing a light field file is given. The possibility of high-precision determination of the parameters of remote objects has been investigated.
STATISTICS OF FAILURES AND MONITORING OF THE STATE OF POOLS AND PROTECTIVE HERMETIC FENCES OF NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
Authors: Potapov V. V. , Ilin V. A.
Published: January 2021

Assessment of the technical condition of the main systems and structures is one of the main stage tasks of technical diagnostics of NPP elements. One of the important elements of the hermetic volume of the protective shells of nuclear power plants is a storage pool (SP) of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). For provision of SNF storage the appropriate systems and structures are used: SNF handling system, SP cooling system and SP by itself. Pools are made of monolithic reinforced concrete with stainless steel lining intended to retain cooling water (boric acid solution) and protect the concrete from direct effect of aggressive environments. Emergency leaks may occur through the SP lining during operation of a nuclear power plant. Materials used for pool structures must be radiation resistant and resistant to a boric acid solution. The structure of the storage pool must be earthquake-proof, must allow monitoring of emergency leaks and maintain a controlled water level in case of leaks for the time period until the fuel will be discharged. Features of failures during operation, results of research and recommendations for extending the service life of storage pools at domestic nuclear power plants with VVER are considered. Assessment of the technical condition of the main structures of the SP provides for specialized research. Thus, the SP survey generally involves visual and instrumental examination of the bottom lining, internal lining, as well as concrete walls and bottom.
RAYLEIGH SURFACE WAVES IN ASSESSING THE STATE OF METAL STRUCTURES
Authors: Erofeev V. I. , Ilyahinsky A. V. , Nikitina E. A. , Rodyushkin V. M. , Khazov P. A.
Published: January 2021

The paper is dedicated to search for an ultrasonic sensing method to identify the state of a material that makes it possible to classify the structure to be diagnosed as the structure of which state is associated with occurrence of plastic strains. We examined the effect of C275 steel’s uniaxial strain-stress state on velocity of an elastic Rayleigh wave. Elastic waves were generated by piezoelectric transducers using oscillation frequencies of 2, 5, and 10 MHz. Transmitting and receiving transducers have been fitted in a single block and permanently spaced 50 mm apart. The transmitting transducer was excited using А1214 test instrument. The sensing pulse was taken up using Tektronix TDS2022 oscilloscope with maximum time resolution of 2 ns. Delay of the received signal relative to the initial position of the informative point (pulse’s zero crossing) has been chosen as a numerical indicator of elastic wave velocity variations caused by strain. Rise in delay value at permanent space between transmitting and receiving transducers is indicative of decrease in sensing pulse velocity and vice versa. For pure elastic strains the difference between delays (velocities) of the waves propagating parallel and perpendicular to stress acting in a material under load is proportional to the acting stress. For plastic strains the dependence of acoustic anisotropy (difference between delays) on the applied stress is non-linear and drops with rise in stress. Delay variations in the elastic range do not depend on the sensing pulse frequency. As to the plastic strain range we observe a significant dependence of velocity on frequency. Due to the results obtained we propose to use the dependence on Rayleigh wave velocity as a diagnostic symptom of a material under plastic strains.
NEW SOFTWARE MODULE FOR STATISTICAL PRODUCT QUALITY CONTROL
Authors: Golubeva O. A. , Pogorelova A. S.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the developed software module for statistical quality control of products that allows using the following quality tools: Pareto chart, Shewhart control maps (mean value map and span map), scatter chart, control maps of shares and the number of nonconforming units, control maps of the number of nonconformities and the number of nonconformities per unit, Ishikawa diagram. This article can be useful for specialists who are engaged in statistical quality control and are looking for an alternative to other software that can be implemented in the production process.
STUDY OF TOE FRAMEWORK WITH CONTENT ANALYSIS IN THE USE OF MARKETING MANAGEMENT
Authors: HABİBOĞLU Özge , ÖZTEK Mehmet Yaman , PİRTİNİ Serdar
Published: January 2021

The purpose of the study is to investigate how the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework is used in social sciences and to discuss how it can be used especially in the field of marketing management. Within the scope of the research, literature review is conducted and relevant studies are selected. Content analysis is applied to selected studies. The literature review is conducted without any time limitation and only articles in social sciences are selected as restrictions. According to limited available resources, 33 studies deemed appropriate within the scope. The studies are evaluated and grouped according to; subjects, the sub-variables of the main context of the TOE model, sample, data collection, analysis method and research method. Results showed that, TOE framework is mostly used in social media and e-business adoption. When sub-contexts of the model are analyzed, the most used variables are; relative advantage and compatibility in the technological context, firm size and top management support in organizational context, competitive pressure in environmental context.
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles and its synergistic antimicrobial potency: an overview
Authors: Olubukola Ajoke Adelagun Ruth
Published: January 2021

Recent surge in the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance genes among pathogenic microbes has been a course of concern globally. Antimicrobial resistance is one of the major threats to human health warranting research for more potent antimicrobial agents. Nanoparticles are among the most promising novel therapeutic agents that could be used against pathogens that exhibit diverse resistance to antibiotics. In particular, silver nanoparticles were shown to exhibit great antimicrobial potency. In contrast to chemical synthesis, plant extracts synthesized silver nanoparticles have no known setbacks. The extracts caused the reduction of the metallic silver, formulation and stabilization of the nanoparticles. This review has described that nanoparticles structure, particle size and its zeta (ζ) potential are among the major factor that influence its antimicrobial activity. In fact, as particle size decreases, the surface area-to-volume ratio greatly increases thus effecting maximum efficacy. The review has presented in details on the biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles while extensively exploring the mechanisms behind such antimicrobial potency. It is hope the review will provide a reference information to both students and researchers as well as served as a guide for policy makers in decision making regarding the possibility of using silver nanoparticles as antimicrobial agents.
Adsorption of tetracycline by a tailor- made adsorbent in aqueous system
Authors: Olubukola Ajoke Adelagun Ruth , Yadav Neelam , Nath Yadav Ajar
Published: January 2021

Tetracyclines are frequently used antibiotics for growth promotion and therapeutic pharmaceuticals both by humans and animal husbandry, and commonly encountered in municipal wastewater treatment plants and in the environment in their active form. This implies their continuous release into the environment may facilitate toxic effects both on humans and the environment including development of resistance strains, among others. This research was focused on the synthesis, characterisation and assessment of a tailor- made adsorbent: modified chitosan flakes, using several materials for the modification of chitosan to enhance its sorption properties thereby facilitating a higher percentage of TC removal from a synthetic pharmaceutical wastewater. TC adsorption onto the modified chitosan flakes was relatively fast (equilibrium time = 2h). Sorption studies revealed that TC removal by the adsorbent followed pseudo second order kinetics and Freundlich isotherm models. At higher TC input concentration, the amount of TC removed was also higher, this implied the sorption was concentration dependent. Insight into mechanism of sorption revealed cation exchange was an active means of interaction between the adsorbate and adsorbents moieties.
Actinobacteria for sustainable agriculture
Authors: Yadav Neelam , Nath Yadav  Ajar
Published: January 2021

Actinobacteria is a phylum and class of Gram-positive bacteria. The phylum Actinobacteria are classified into six classes namely Acidimicrobiia, Actinobacteria, Coriobacteriia, Nitriliruptoria, Rubrobacteria and Thermoleophilia. Members of phylum Actinobacteria are ubiquitous in nature. Actinobacteria can be utilized as biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture as they can enhance plant growth and soil health though different plant growth promoting attributes such as solubilization of phosphorus, potassium and zinc, production of Fe-chelating compounds, phytohormones hormones such indole acetic acids, cytokinin, and gibberellins as well as by biological nitrogen fixation. The Actinobacteria also plays an important role in mitigation of different abiotic stress conditions in plants. The members of phylum Actinobacteria such as Actinomyces, Arthrobacter, Bifidobacterium, Cellulomonas, Clavibacter, Corynebacterium, Frankia, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Propionibacterium, Pseudonocardia, Rhodococcus, Sanguibacter and Streptomyces exhibited the multifarious plant growth promoting attributes and could be used as biofertilizers for crops growing under natural as well as under the abiotic stress conditions for plant growth and soil health for sustainable agriculture.
Oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms in human body
Authors: Elsayed Azab Azab , A Adwas  Almokhtar , Ibrahim Elsayed Ata Sedik , A Adwas Almokhtar , Ibrahim Elsayed  Ata Sedik , Quwaydir Fawzia Amhimmid
Published: January 2021

The present review aims to high light on the oxidative stress, and prevention by internal antioxidants and external antioxidants by some natural products possessing antioxidant properties. Oxidative stress occurs when the balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation and detoxification favors an increase in ROS levels, leading to disturbed cellular function. ROS causes damage to cellular macromolecules causing lipid peroxidation, nucleic acid, and protein alterations. Their formation is considered as a pathobiochemical mechanism involved in the initiation or progression phase of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, diabetes, and initiation of carcinogenesis or liver diseases. In order to maintain proper cell signaling, it is likely that a number of radical scavenging enzymes maintain a threshold level of ROS inside the cell. However, when the level of ROS exceeds this threshold, an increase in ROS production may lead to excessive signals to the cell, in addition to direct damage to key components in signaling pathways. ROS can also irreversibly damage essential macromolecules. Protein-bound thiol and non-protein-thiol are the major cytosolic low molecular weight sulfhydryl compound that acts as a cellular reducing and a protective reagent against numerous toxic substances including most inorganic pollutants, through the –SH group. Hence, thiol is often the first line of defense against oxidative stress. Flavonoids have been found to play important roles in the non-enzymatic protection against oxidative stress, especially in the case of cancer. Flavonoids have occurred widely in tea, fruit, red wine, vegetables, and cocoas. Flavonoids, including flavones, flavanone, flavonols, and isoflavones, are polyphenolic compounds which are widespread in foods and beverages, and possess a wide range of biological activities, of which anti-oxidation has been extensively explored. It can be concluded that oxidative stress causes irreversible damage in cellular macromolecules that leads to initiation of various diseases such as atherosclerosis, ischemic heart diseases, liver diseases, diabetes, and initiation of carcinogenesis. Antioxidants inhibit reactive oxygen species production and scavenging of free radicals. Therefore, the review recommends that high consumption of natural foods that are rich in antioxidants will provide more protection against toxic agents and related diseases.
Comparing physical to virtual: fit and appearance of multi-layered cultural garments
Authors: Cobb Kelly
Published: January 2021

This study sought to expand the use of virtual technology to include multi-layered non-western cultural garments and compare these complex garments, physically and virtually. In addition, 3D simulation of non-western garments could benefit the emerging Chinese market. The study included five parts: material selection, avatar customization, physical multi-layered garment construction, virtual multi-layered garment construction, and evaluation of the physical and virtual garment appearance and fit using an online survey. This study found that multi-layered cultural garments could be relatively effectively simulated in virtual software, such as EFI Optitex. Moreover, number of fabric layers did not significantly affect either appearance or fit similarity between virtual and physical garments. Based on these results, it can be concluded that virtual presentation has great potential as a tool to evaluate the appearance of a garment in a relatively simple and quick way.
Integration of fashion design education with innovation and entrepreneurship education
Authors: Zeng Li
Published: January 2021

The paper proposes a systematic education framework combining fashion major with innovation and entrepreneurship in higher education, in terms of target and position, curriculum system, teaching methods, practical platform, quality evaluation, teaching staff, and teaching materials. An empirical study was conducted using BIF (Business+Internet+Fashion) method to verify the framework. Thus, a solution is provided to the gap of convergence between fashion education and innovation and entrepreneurship education.
A complete comparison between JUTTON & COTTON-increase jute dependency instead of cotton
Authors: Hasan Syed Tanvir , Alam Md Mahfuz , Sabil Rezwan Sal , Bari Md Solaiman
Published: January 2021

Jute producing sector is one in every of the oldest ancient manufacturing sectors of East Pakistan. As a lignocellulosic natural fibre jute possesses exhausting and harsh qualities that build it troublesome to provide attire and alternative fancy materials used in our daily life. Jute-Cotton mix is one in every of the doable choices to cut back the reliableness on the cotton. The aim of this work is to characterize the Jute-cotton alloyed material. During this work 100 gift cotton material is compared with a jute-cotton alloyed fabric. material samples like weave style, yarn count, material density, cowl issue, weight per unit space (g/m²), material strength, colouring performances like wash and rubbing fastness are evaluated. The reflection factor attempt to color strength K/S values of reactive colored material and basic dyed fabric samples were additionally studied. The experimental works are done at Dyeing laboratory and textile testing & quality control laboratory of Textile Engineering College, Noakhali.
Consumer perception towards sale of second-hand clothes in the localities of Odisha, States of India
Authors: Tarai Santosh , Shailaja K
Published: January 2021

Objective: The objective of this paper is to understand the perception of local people of Odisha specifically Bhubaneswar city towards the sale and purchase of second-hand clothes. This paper also highlights the importance of garment reuses for environmental benefits and how to promotion of the sale of second-hand garments. Methodology: The research methodology consisted of quantitative analysis from the data obtained through the distribution of questionnaires through online mode to the residents of Bhubaneswar city and a qualitative approach by interviewing them on their perception towards sale and purchase of second-hand clothes. Results: Consumers’ level of awareness regarding the implications of textile wastes on the environment is quite low. Perception of others on a customer purchasing second-hand clothes mattered a lot. Since that perception was mostly negative, customers always stepped back in making the purchase. Moreover, it was also associated with poor hygiene and quality which was a major turn off for them. Surprisingly, they didn't mind paying a good amount if the garment was good in quality & hygienic which is a positive sign as their mindset can be changed with a proper approach. Limitations: The survey was conducted with less sample size. Hence, more accurate and precise data can be obtained by increasing the sample size.
The levels of self-efficacy among obstetric fistula patients in different repair categories at St. Joseph Kitovu Hospital, Uganda. A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Atuhaire Shallon , Odukogbe Akin-Tunde A , Mugisha John Francis , Ojengbede Oladosu A
Published: January 2021

Objective: The repair of obstetric fistula is possible and potentially addresses the physical ordeals, but the psycho-social afflictions with effect on patients’ self-efficacy may persist. Meanwhile, inadequate evidence exists regarding the levels of self-efficacy among patients in different repair categories, which incited this study. Methods: Data was collected and analyzed among the 402 participants at St. Joseph Kitovu Hospital Masaka, Uganda. 390 participants were involved in quantitative methods while 22 were involved in qualitative methods. Only obstetric fistula patients were involved in the quantitative study, 10 of them in a qualitative study. The other 12 were key informants who were included purposively. The patients were identified from the Urogynecology department surgical logbook, randomly sampled using SPSS 25.0, invited by phone calls and others identified through snowballing. Results: Among the patients, 192 had had repair of the fistula, of which 82.3% had been successful while 198 had not yet had fistula repair. The largest proportion (47.0%) was aged 19 to 29 years. The levels of self-efficacy among the patients included low, moderate and high. The larger proportion (60.26%) had a moderate level, 20.00% had a high level while 19.74% had a low level of self-efficacy. However, when Pearson correlation was done, the patients whose fistula had been repaired had a higher level of self-efficacy compared to those with unrepaired fistula with all the attributes of self-efficacy having P-values of <0.001 at a significant level of 0.05. Interviewees also reported that patients with repaired fistula generally have higher levels of self-efficacy compared to those whose fistulas are not yet repaired. Conclusion: Obstetric fistula patients may have low, moderate or higher levels of self-efficacy depending on the level of incontinence, repair status, and prior training in life skills. Therefore, targeted strategies aimed to reduce incontinence and promote wellbeing such as the repair of fistula, life skills training and counseling would improve the levels of self-efficacy henceforth enhance social rehabilitation and reintegration.
Role of cytokines in pregnant women with chronic iron deficiency anemia in preeclampsia pathogenesis
Authors: Yu K Dzhabbarova , Sh T Ismoilova , DA Musakhodzhayeva
Published: January 2021

The frequency of development of hypertensive states in IDA reaches 32-45%. The pathogenesis of the combined complications of pregnancy with anemia and preeclampsia, including immunological aspects has been little studied. Purpose: to clarify the role of violations general and local cytokine status in pregnant women with anemia in the genesis of preeclampsia and justify the need to include immuno suppressants for the prevention and treatment of preeclampsia. Materials and methods: In 96 pregnant women with iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and preeclampsia in the third trimester of gestation the cytokine status of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, TNFα and lactoferrin in the serum of peripheral blood and in extracts of the placenta decidual tissue was examined by ELISA. Pregnant women were divided into 4 groups: 24-with mild anemia, 18-with moderate anemia, 26-with preeclampsia and with mild anemia and 28 pregnant women with preeclampsia and with moderate anemia. Results: It has been established that preeclampsia on the background of IDA is accompanied by a significant increase in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines (p<0,05) and the acute phase protein lactoferrin (p<0,05) on the systemic and to a greater extent on the local level in the development of preeclampsia on the background of anemia of moderate severity (p<0,05). Discussion: The data obtained confirm the involvement of the immune system in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, one of the trigger mechanisms of which is the immune imbalance in iron deficiency anemia. A pathogenetic rationale for the use of immunosuppressive therapy for combined pathology is given. Conclusion: The use of placental hormone - progesterone as an immunosuppressive drug in terms of substantiating new immunotherapy strategies for the prevention of preeclampsia is a topical trend in obstetric practice.