bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The legitimizing roles of respectful treatment and direct democracy in collective decision‐making: A school‐based study
Authors: Šerek Jan , Juhová Dana Seryjová , Lomičová Lucie
Published: November 2021

According to the procedural justice approach, people tend to view authoritative decision‐making as legitimate if it includes their voice and if they are treated with respect, even when the outcomes are unfavorable. However, previous research suggests that the application of these effects to collective decision‐making is less straightforward. Therefore, this study investigates whether people's willingness to accept a collective decision is increased by two procedural aspects: the opportunity to directly vote on the outcome and respectful treatment from peers during the decision‐making process. Moreover, we ask whether the effects are moderated by outcome favorability. A study was conducted in their classrooms on 395 Czech high school students (aged 18–20, 60% females) who used a randomly prescribed procedure (direct vote, or expert decision) to decide on the use of a sum of money. Respectful treatment was measured through students’ perceptions during the decision‐making process. Results showed that while direct voting did not increase participants’ willingness to accept the outcome, perceived respectful treatment did. However, the positive effect of respectful treatment was present only among participants who were clearly dissatisfied with the outcome (i.e., it compensated for the lack of outcome favorability). Participants who perceived the outcome as favorable or had no clear preference between the alternatives were willing to accept the outcome despite the perception of not having been treated respectfully.
Expert examples and prompted reflection in learning withself‐generatedconcept maps
Authors: Eshuis Elise H. , ter Vrugte Judith , Anjewierden Anjo , de Jong Ton
Published: November 2021

Background

Creating concept maps can help students overcome challenges of accurate knowledge monitoring and thus foster learning. However, students' knowledge often contains gaps and misconceptions, even after concept map creation. Theoretically, students could benefit from additional support, but it is unclear whether this might also be the case for (more practical‐oriented) secondary vocational students.

Objectives

This study investigated whether the effectiveness of concept maps for learning could be improved by providing students with expert examples and reflection prompts in addition to their self‐generated concept maps.

Methods

First‐year secondary vocational students (N = 91,Mage = 17.3 years) participated in this study, which utilized a pretest‐intervention‐posttest design. Regarding the intervention, students worked in two successive online learning environments, in which they had to present their knowledge in concept maps. After creation, students' concept maps were, depending on condition, supplemented with (1) an expert example with comparative feedback (a combined concept map) and related reflection prompts, (2) the combined concept map only, or (3) no combined concept map and no prompts.

Results and Conclusions

Analyses based on students' domain knowledge demonstrate that students significantly increased their knowledge in all conditions. Data indicate that there was no significant difference in knowledge gain between conditions. Further analysis showed that students in the experimental conditions demonstrated higher learning gains if they consulted the combined concept map more often than their peers.

Implications

Access to an example in addition to students' self‐generated concept maps seems promising in fostering their knowledge acquisition. However, secondary vocational students might need additional ways of support to guarantee higher learning gains. Avenues to increase the effectiveness of support are discussed.
Down‐regulation of MYH10 driven by chromosome 17p13.1 deletion promotes hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis through activation of the EGFR pathway
Authors: Jin Qian , Cheng Min , Xia Xia , Han Yuqing , Zhang Jing , Cao Pengbo , Zhou Gangqiao
Published: November 2021

Somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) are a genomic hallmark of cancers. Among them, the chromosome 17p13.1 deletions are recurrent in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, utilizing an integrative omics analysis, we screened out a novel tumour suppressor gene within 17p13.1, myosin heavy chain 10 (MYH10). We observed frequent deletions (~38%) and significant down‐regulation of MYH10 in primary HCC tissues. Deletion or decreased expression of MYH10 was a potential indicator of poor outcomes in HCC patients. Knockdown of MYH10 significantly promotes HCC cell migration and invasion in vitro, and overexpression of MYH10 exhibits opposite effects. Further, inhibition of MYH10 markedly potentiates HCC metastasis in vivo. We preliminarily elucidated the mechanism by which loss of MYH10 promotes HCC metastasis by facilitating EGFR pathway activation. In conclusion, our study suggests that MYH10, a candidate target gene for 17p13 deletion, acts as a tumour suppressor and may serve as a potential prognostic indicator for HCC patients.
Hierarchical structure and mechanical properties of fish scales from Lutjanidae with different habitat depths
Authors: Rawat Prashant , Liu Peng , Zhang Chaohui , Guo Shuaicheng , Jawad Laith A. , Sadighzadeh Zahra , Zhu Deju
Published: November 2021

In recent days, many researchers are focusing on emerging a new class of bio‐inspired architectured materials. The primary strategy of these architecture designs is directly dependent on the types of available literature based on higher‐ordered species such as nacre and fish scales. In this study, the authors have investigated the microstructural features and mechanical properties of five different ray‐finned fish scales from Lutjanidae family collected in Iran. It was found that habitat depth and habits may result in significant changes in scale's surface morphology and mechanical properties. Interestingly, the variations in cross‐sectional microstructural features such as fibre orientation and layer thickness ratios in scales did not show noticeable differences. It has also been proved that the mechanical performance of fish scales is influenced by the shape, array pattern and compactness of strips on posterior edges in a scale. Moreover, the radii count at anterior positions is higher in fishes living in wide‐ranging depth; it supports in achieving higher scale stiffness and flexibility during movement. Consideration of these factors may help in optimising the performance of newly designed architectured materials subjected to mechanical loadings.
Long‐distance movements of Antarctic toothfish (Dissostichus mawsoni) as inferred from tag‐recapture data
Authors: Grilly Emily , Reid Keith , Thanassekos Stéphane
Published: November 2021

Examining the causes and consequences of animal movement is fundamental to understanding the ecology of any species. This analysis focuses on Antarctic toothfish movements in the Southern Ocean as inferred from tagging data collected from 2001 to 2019 with a focus on the characteristics of long‐distance movements, defined as an individual recaptured greater than 200 km from their release location. The results of this analysis indicate that while adult Antarctic toothfish are generally quite sedentary a small proportion (~7%) move long distances, consistent with findings from previous studies examining movements of toothfish. There appears to be no relationship between time at liberty and long‐distance movements, no strong influence of sex and results indicate a distinct bias in the direction of long‐distance travel from release to recapture towards a counter‐clockwise direction. Frequency and scale of long‐distance movements are likely influenced by localized physical oceanographic processes and life‐history traits. Knowledge of these movements patterns remains highly important for stock assessments and the design of spatial and temporal fisheries management regimes.
The interplay between glutamatergic circuits and oxytocin neurons in the hypothalamus and its relevance to neurodevelopmental disorders
Authors: Leithead Amanda B. , Tasker Jeffrey G. , Harony‐Nicolas Hala
Published: November 2021

Oxytocin (OXT) neurons of the hypothalamus are at the center of several physiological functions, including milk ejection, uterus contraction, and maternal and social behavior. In lactating females, OXT neurons show a pattern of burst firing and inter‐neuron synchronization during suckling that leads to pulsatile release of surges of OXT into the bloodstream to stimulate milk ejection. This pattern of firing and population synchronization may be facilitated in part by hypothalamic glutamatergic circuits, as has been observed in vitro using brain slices obtained from male rats and neonates. However, it remains unknown how hypothalamic glutamatergic circuits influence OXT cell activity outside the context of lactation. In this review, we summarize the in vivo and in vitro studies that describe the synchronized burst firing pattern of OXT neurons and the implication of hypothalamic glutamate in this pattern of firing. We also make note of the few studies that have traced glutamatergic afferents to the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei. Finally, we discuss the genetic findings implicating several glutamatergic genes in neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder, thus underscoring the need for future studies to investigate the impact of these mutations on hypothalamic glutamatergic circuits and the OXT system.
The experience of the nurse during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A global meta‐synthesis in the year of the nurse
Authors: Zipf Amy L. , Polifroni E. Carol , Beck Cheryl Tatano
Published: November 2021

Purpose

From its beginnings in China in December of 2019, the novel coronavirus COVID‐19 spread and quickly became the center of nursing care and conversation across the globe (WHO, 2020). This meta‐ethnographic study was conducted in order to provide the profession of nursing interpretative explanations of a common experience during the care of patients with COVID‐19.

Design and method

A literature review focused on the experience of the nurse during the COVID‐19 pandemic revealed a total of 13 qualitative studies conducted in China, Spain, Turkey, Iran, Brazil, and the United States. A meta‐ethnographic review of these qualitative works, using the method of Noblit and Hare, was then conducted which revealed the experience of the nurse across the globe during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Findings

The review revealed strong similarities between the experiences of the nurse across the 13 studies. Given this reciprocal relationship, translations were constructed and synthesized until four new themes emerged outlining the global experience of the nurse during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Conclusions

Despite the differences between the structures of healthcare and government of the six countries represented in this meta‐ethnography, the experience of the nurse emerged into a narrative shared by those represented in this study. As the profession of nursing continues to work through ongoing waves of COVID‐19, these results will help guide the resources and training provided to nurses on the frontline of care.

Clinical relevance

Despite great personal risk, nurses across the globe stepped up to the challenge of upholding and improving the health of the world's people during the COVID‐19 pandemic. As health policy, education, and system leaders, we must listen to the common experience revealed in this meta‐synthesis and respond by providing the resources needed to improve nursing practice and care.
Factors associated with meeting cancer prevention guidelines in adults
Authors: Park So‐Hyun , Strauss Shiela M.
Published: November 2021

Background

Because much worldwide cancer incidence and mortality is related to modifiable risk factors, many global health organizations provide evidence‐based recommendations on healthy weight, diet, and physical activity levels for cancer prevention. Even though adherence to such guidelines is reported to reduce cancer incidence and mortality, this adherence is often suboptimal. Identifying factors related to adherence to the guidelines can suggest interventions to improve health promoting lifestyle behaviors for cancer prevention.

Objectives

Examine a comprehensive set of potentially predictive factors in meeting American Cancer Society's guidelines for healthy weight, fruits and vegetables intake, and physical activity.

Methods

Data used in the analysis were from adults aged 18 years and older without a history of a cancer diagnosis who participated in the Health Information National Trends Survey in 2019 (n = 3407). Multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to determine the significant predictors for meeting each of the healthy weight, fruits and vegetables intake, and physical activity guidelines.

Results

Overall adherence to each guideline was low: 39.0% met the physical activity guideline, 30.4% met the healthy weight guideline, and 17.6% met the fruits and vegetables intake guideline. Meeting the healthy body weight guideline was greater in current smokers, females, those who had at least some college education, those who did not have a chronic health condition, and those who had very good self‐rated health. Meeting the fruits and vegetables intake guideline was greater in females, those who had very good self‐rated health, and those who talked to friends or family members regarding their health. Meeting the physical activity guideline was greater in males, those who had household incomes of at least $50,000, those who did not have a chronic health condition, and those who had very good self‐rated health.

Conclusions

The current analyses identified a unique set of predictors for meeting each guideline among US adults who reported never having been diagnosed with cancer. Based on these findings, interventions related to each guideline should be especially targeted to individuals having characteristics that were less likely to meet them.

Clinical relevance

Findings from the current study can assist health care providers who counsel about cancer prevention in the clinical setting.
Decision aids for breast cancer screening in women approximately 50 years of age: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomised controlled trials
Authors: Yu Lin , Yang Shu , Zhang Chunmiao , Guo Pingping , Zhang Xuehui , Xu Mengmeng , Tian Qi , Cui Xuan , Zhang Wei , Fan Shuang
Published: November 2021

Aims and Objectives

Review the content, quality and effect of breast cancer screening decision aids (BCS‐DAs) in women approximately 50 years of age to provide a basis for the development of DAs.

Background

Breast cancer screening (BCS) decisions are complex and should vary depending on a woman's risk of breast cancer and her values and preferences. Decision aids (DAs) can help support women and medical staff in shared decision‐making (SDM) when solving BCS problems.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

Four databases were searched starting at the time of establishment of the database to March 2021. The PRISMA checklist was followed. The meta‐analysis was carried out using Review Manager 5.3 software. The quality of the studies was assessed using the risk of bias tool recommended by the Cochrane Handbook. The quality of the DAs was assessed using the International Standards for Decision Aid (IPDASi v4.0).

Results

The search strategy obtained 2024 references. After abstraction and full text screening, a total of seven studies were included. This article systematically reviews the content, quality and effectiveness of DAs in seven RCTs in helping women to make BCS decisions. The DAs were mostly in paper or online form and displayed disease screening information, analysed the benefits and harms of options and clarified the value to patients. Among all the DAs, only one met the minimum quality standards of IPDASi v4.0. Comprehensive analysis shows that DAs can significantly improve knowledge and increase the proportion of women who make informed choices, but they have no effect on screening attitude, intention, decision conflict or regret.

Conclusions

In the future, nurses should be encouraged to develop DAs in accordance with strict standards and to make them applicable to young women of different backgrounds.

Relevance to clinical practice

The result may be provide a basis for the development of DAs to promote women's informed screening choices.
The impact of prenatal depression and diabetes management self‐efficacy on postpartum stress and depression in women with gestational diabetes mellitus
Authors: Yu Ching‐Yun , Hung Chich‐Hsiu , Wang Yu‐Ying
Published: November 2021

Aims

The study aimed to examine the impact of prenatal depression and diabetes management self‐efficacy on postpartum stress and postpartum depression in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Background

Poor perinatal mental health is linked to various adverse pregnancy outcomes in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Designs

A predictive study design and the guidelines for the STROBE checklist were used for the study.

Methods

A total of 119 pregnant women with a positive 75 g‐glucose challenge test were recruited at a medical centre. The Taiwanese depression questionnaire (TDQ), the diabetes management self‐efficacy scale (DMSES) and the Hung postpartum stress scale (Hung PSS) were used for data collection at the 24th week of pregnancy and the first week after childbirth.

Results

Diabetes management self‐efficacy was correlated with postpartum stress in women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Moreover, prenatal depression was a predictor of postpartum stress and postpartum depression, respectively, in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.

Conclusions

Healthcare providers should assess those women's diabetes management self‐efficacy and mood status during prenatal visits and offer the needed intervention to reduce the levels of postpartum stress and postpartum depression of those women after childbirth.

Relevance to clinical practice

A holistic care approach integrated diabetic care and mental health for women with gestational diabetes mellitus in a timely manner is warranted to promote perinatal mental health in women with gestational diabetes mellitus.
Symmetric dimethylarginine concentrations in healthy neonatal foals and mares
Authors: Bozorgmanesh Rana , Thornton Jessica , Snyder Jackie , Fletcher Caitlin , Mack Rebekah , Coyne Michael , Murphy Rachel , Hegarty Evan , Slovis Nathan
Published: November 2021

Background

Symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA) is a renal biomarker correlated with glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

Objectives

Describe changes in SDMA in clinically healthy foals and their mares during the first month postfoaling.

Animals

Convenience sampling of healthy periparturient Thoroughbred mares and their full‐term foals from a population of client‐owned horses.

Methods

Serum and EDTA whole blood samples were collected from mares in their last month of pregnancy and then from mares and foals at approximately <12 hours, 48 hours, 7 days, and 30 days postbirth. Samples were processed at a commercial reference laboratory for CBC and serum biochemistry, including SDMA concentrations.

Results

A total of 125 foals and 104 mares were included. Upper limits for SDMA concentrations in foals were above the adult horse reference interval for the first 20 or more days of life. Median SDMA concentrations decreased from 70 μg/dL (range, 7‐100 μg/dL) to 18 μg/dL (range, 6‐27 μg/dL) during the first 3 to 4 weeks of life. At birth, the SDMA concentration reference range was established as 0 to 100 μg/dL (upper limit of the assay); 0 to 85 μg/dL for 1 to 4 days old, 0 to 36 μg/dL for 5 to 10 days old, and 0 to 24 μg/dL for 20 to 30 days old. The upper reference limits for SDMA concentrations in mares did not differ from the general reference interval for adult horses. No correlation was identified between mare and foal SDMA concentrations (ρ = .06, P = .58).

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Foal SDMA concentrations remained higher than the upper limit of the adult reference range and foals require a different reference range dependent on age.
Progress in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) coverage and potential contribution to the decline in diarrhea and stunting in Ethiopia
Authors: Girma Meron , Hussein Alemayehu , Norris Tom , Genye Tirsit , Tessema Masresha , Bossuyt Anne , Hadis Mamuye , van Zyl Cornelia , Goyol Kitka , Samuel Aregash
Published: November 2021

Inadequate safe water supply and poor sanitation and hygiene continue to be important risk factors for diarrhoea and stunting globally. We used data from the four rounds of the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey and applied the new World Health Organization (WHO)/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) service standards to assess progress in water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) coverage between 2000 and 2016. We also performed an age‐disaggregated pooled linear probability regression analysis followed by a decomposition analysis to determine whether changes in WASH practices have contributed to the changing prevalence of diarrhoea and stunting in children under 5 years of age. We observed a significant increase in the coverage of safe drinking water and adequate sanitation facilities over the period. At the national level, the use of a basic water source increased from 18% in 2000 to 50% in 2016. Open defecation declined from 82% to 32% over the same period. However, in 2016, only 6% of households had access to a basic sanitation facility, and 40% of households had no handwashing facilities. The reduction in surface water use between 2000 and 2016 explained 6% of the decline in diarrhoea observed among children aged 0–5 months. In children aged 6–59 months, between 7% and 9% of the reduction in stunting were attributable to the reduction in open defecation over this period. Despite progress, improvements are still needed to increase basic WASH coverage in Ethiopia. Our findings showed that improvements in water and sanitation only modestly explained reductions in diarrhoea and stunting.
Untangling the molecular basis of coral response to sedimentation
Authors: Bollati Elena , Rosenberg Yaeli , Simon‐Blecher Noa , Tamir Raz , Levy Oren , Huang Danwei
Published: November 2021

Urbanized coral reefs are often chronically affected by sedimentation and reduced light levels, yet many species of corals appear to be able to thrive under these highly disturbed conditions. Recently, these marginal ecosystems have gained attention as potential climate change refugia due to the shading effect of suspended sediment, as well as potential reservoirs for stress‐tolerant species. However, little research exists on the impact of sedimentation on coral physiology, particularly at the molecular level. Here, we investigated the transcriptomic response to sediment stress in corals of the family Merulinidae from a chronically turbid reef (one genet each of Goniastrea pectinata and Mycedium elephantotus from Singapore) and a clear‐water reef (multiple genets of G. pectinata from the Gulf of Aqaba/Eilat). In two ex‐situ experiments, we exposed corals to either natural sediment or artificial sediment enriched with organic matter and used whole‐transcriptome sequencing (RNA sequencing) to quantify gene expression. Analysis revealed a shared basis for the coral transcriptomic response to sediment stress, which involves the expression of genes broadly related to energy metabolism and immune response. In particular, sediment exposure induced upregulation of anaerobic glycolysis and glyoxylate bypass enzymes, as well as genes involved in hydrogen sulphide metabolism and in pathogen pattern recognition. Our results point towards hypoxia as a probable driver of this transcriptomic response, providing a molecular basis to previous work that identified hypoxia as a primary cause of tissue necrosis in sediment‐stressed corals. Potential metabolic and immunity trade‐offs of corals living under chronic sedimentation should be considered in future studies on the ecology and conservation of turbid reefs.
Congenital interstitial lung diseases: What the anesthesiologist needs to know
Authors: Bertolizio Gianluca , Engelhardt Thomas , Veyckemans Francis
Published: November 2021

Congenital interstitial lung diseases can affect both adults and children. Pediatric congenital interstitial lung diseases generally carry high risk for morbidly and mortality and include congenital alveolar capillary dysplasia with misalignment of pulmonary veins, congenital alveolar dysplasia, acinar dysplasia, congenital pulmonary lymphangiectasis, diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy, pulmonary hemosiderosis, pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, and pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis. Given their usual non‐specific clinical presentation, they are frequently misdiagnosed and recognized late, particularly in children who have been apparently healthy for several years (eg, diffuse pulmonary lymphangiomatosis). Some diseases have a very poor prognosis, whereas others have a benign course with appropriate treatment. The current manuscript reviews congenital interstitial lung diseases that typically affect neonates and young children and may be encountered by the pediatric anesthesiologist.
Risk factors for cefazolin‐resistant febrile urinary tract infection in children
Authors: Nakanishi Keita , Okutani Takahiro , Kotani Shinpei , Kamoi Yoshiaki , Kim Sooyun , Yamane Masayuki
Published: November 2021

Background

Febrile urinary tract infection (fUTI) is a common bacterial infection among children. This study investigated the risk factors for fUTI caused by cefazolin‐resistant bacteria in children.

Methods

The medical records of patients with fUTI hospitalized between April 2014 and March 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups based on the cefazolin susceptibility of the infection‐causing bacteria: cefazolin‐resistant and cefazolin‐susceptible groups.

Results

The records of 80 patients were evaluated. The median age was 5.0 months (range 0.5–119.4 months). Cefazolin‐susceptible bacteria were detected in 60 patients (75.0%). Significant differences were noted between the cefazolin‐resistant and cefazolin‐susceptible groups regarding UTI‐related antimicrobial prophylaxis and recurrence of UTI within 3 months (P = 0.0318 and P = 0.00876, respectively). However, no significant differences were observed between these two groups regarding renal anomalies, or UTI history.

Logistic regression analysis revealed that the recurrence of UTI within 3 months was an independent, significant risk factor for cefazolin‐resistant fUTI (odds ratio 3.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.07–13.5, P = 0.0388). Six patients who were empirically treated with antibiotics ineffective against the infection‐causing bacteria recovered from fever before these antibiotics were switched to those effective against the infection‐causing bacteria.

Conclusions

In children, a recurrence of UTI within 3 months is a risk factor for fUTI caused by cefazolin‐resistant bacteria. Recognizing these risk factors before initiating fUTI treatment in children may support treatment with narrower‐spectrum antibiotics, such as first‐generation cephalosporins (e.g., cefazolin)
Understanding disparities and barriers associated with pediatric transplant evaluation and time to listing: Moving toward a more comprehensive picture
Authors: Steinberg Christofferson Elizabeth , Ruzicka Elizabeth B. , Bolt Matthew , Lyons Emma , Wachs Michael , Buchanan Cindy L. , Schmiege Sarah J. , Monnin Kara
Published: November 2021

Background

Delayed time to listing (TTL) for pediatric transplant patients is associated with increased risks of mortality and morbidity. The full range of health disparities, sociodemographic factors, and other barriers associated with delays in listing in the pediatric transplant candidate evaluation process has not been fully examined.

Methods

Retrospective chart reviews were conducted for 183 kidney, liver, and heart transplant candidates ages 0–18 who were referred for evaluation during 2012–2015. Demographic information and potential barriers (e g., social/medical factors, financial concerns) were gathered from pre‐transplant evaluations and included in a comprehensive model to evaluate mechanisms that explain differences in TTL. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression models, Cox proportional hazards models, and path analysis were used for analyses.

Results

Candidates included 26.8% heart, 33.3% liver, and 39.9% kidney patients. The most common barrier to listing was financial (71.6%), followed by caregiver psychological or substance use (57.9%), and medical problems (49.7%). Higher age, kidney, and liver organ type (relative to the heart), and presence of social, medical, administrative/motivation, and financial barriers were all directly associated with longer TTL. Public insurance was indirectly associated with TTL through social, administrative/motivation, and financial barriers. Organ type was indirectly associated with TTL through financial barriers.

Conclusions

Results suggest social problems, administrative issues, and financial issues act as mechanisms through which insurance type and liver transplant candidates face increased risk of delays in transplant listing time. There are numerous clinical implications and interventions that are warranted to reduce TTL among pediatric transplant candidates with co‐occurring barriers.
Impact of length of donor ICU stay on outcome of patients after pediatric liver transplantation with whole and in situ split liver grafts
Authors: Misar Aline , McLin Valerie A. , Calinescu Ana M. , Wildhaber Barbara E.
Published: November 2021

Background

Patients who have a prolonged stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) are often excluded for organ donation because of supposed deleterious effects of a lengthy ICU stay. We aimed to determine the effects of a prolonged donor stay in the ICU on the outcome of liver transplantation (LT) in children.

Methods

Retrospective review of 89 pediatric LT patients, age 0–18 years, period 2003–2018, including patients having undergone whole organ or in situ split LT. The patients were divided into two groups according to the donor length of stay in the ICU. A prolonged stay was defined as >5 days. Recipient, graft, and donor characteristics were compared; outcome parameters included recipient and graft survival rates and postoperative complications.

Results

Group short (donor ICU stay <5 days) included 75 patients, group long (donor ICU stay >5 days) 14 patients. Baseline characteristics between recipients did not differ. Donors in group long had significantly more infectious complications and a higher gamma glutamyl transferase (gGT) the day of organ recovery. Incidence of biliary complications post‐LT was significantly higher in group long (p = .029). Patient and graft survival rates did not differ significantly between groups.

Conclusions

Donors with a prolonged stay in the ICU should still be considered for liver donation if they fulfill most other selection criteria. Recipients from donors having stayed in ICU >5 days may be at increased risk of biliary complications.
Staff Planning for Hospitals with Implicit Cost Estimation and Stochastic Optimization
Authors: Rath Sandeep , Rajaram Kumar
Published: November 2021

We consider the anesthesiologist staff planning problem for operating services departments in large multi‐specialty hospitals without limit on anesthesiologist supply, where the planner makes monthly and daily decisions to minimize total costs. Each month the staff planner decides the number of anesthesiologists on regular duty and an on‐call consideration list for each day of the following month. In addition, each day, the staff planner decides how many on‐call anesthesiologists to call for the following day. Total costs consist of explicit and implicit costs. Explicit costs include the costs of calling an anesthesiologist and overtime costs. These costs are specified by the organization. Implicit costs encompass costs of not calling an on‐call anesthesiologist and under‐utilizing an anesthesiologist, and these have to be deduced from past decisions. We model the staff planning problem as a two‐stage integer stochastic dynamic program. We develop structural properties of this model and use them in a sample average approximation algorithm constructed to solve this problem. We also develop a procedure to estimate the implicit costs, which are included in this model. Using data from the operating services department at the UCLA Ronald Reagan Medical Center, our model shows the potential to reduce overall costs by 16%. We provide managerial insights related to the relative scale of these costs, hiring decisions by service, sensitivity to cost parameters, and improvements in the prediction of the booked time durations.
Market Share Contracts in B2B Procurement Settings with Heterogeneous User Preferences
Authors: Mantena Ravi , Saha Rajib L.
Published: November 2021

Market share contracts, a form of loyalty discounts, where the discount is contingent on the buyer meeting or exceeding a target share of total procurement, are used in many business to business (B2B) settings. We study the impact of such contracts on demand allocation, prices, and welfare in a setting where a single central B2B buyer procures multiple units of a product on behalf of a set of users with heterogeneous preferences. We find that linear pricing creates a demand distortion, which goes away with the use of market share contracts. These contracts serve as strategic tools for vendors whose products are strongly preferred by a substantial fraction of the users in the buying organization to shift the locus of competition and extract away rents from weaker rivals, and sometimes from buyers. The impact of such contracts on the welfare of the buyers is therefore ambiguous, but when these contracts are used, the overall surplus goes up as disutility from demand distortion is avoided. While both quantity threshold contracts and two‐part tariffs can replicate the efficiency properties of market share contracts when demand is deterministic, they cannot guarantee the avoidance of demand distortion when buyer demand is uncertain.
Motivated to Serve: A Regulatory Perspective on Public Service Motivation and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Authors: Molines Mathieu , Mifsud Matthieu , El Akremi Assâad , Perrier Antony
Published: November 2021

Drawing on regulatory focus theory, we investigate how public employees’ regulatory orientations (promotion and prevention focus) at work affect public service motivation (PSM) and change‐oriented and maintenance‐oriented organizational citizenship behavior (change‐OCB; maintenance‐OCB). The results, based on a three‐wave study of 1,397 French police officers, empirically support expectations that the two regulatory orientations may activate PSM differently and are positively associated with change‐OCB and maintenance‐OCB. These findings underline the role of regulatory orientations as key psychological sources of PSM and OCB, extending existing public administration knowledge. This article suggests that police organizations could benefit from integrating regulatory focus insights into their practices.
Exploring the performance of mid‐water lagoon nurseries for coral restoration in the Maldives
Authors: Dehnert Inga , Saponari Luca , Isa Valerio , Seveso Davide , Galli Paolo , Montano Simone
Published: November 2021

Small island nations like the Maldives are highly dependent on healthy coral reefs and the ecosystem services they provide. Lately, Maldivian reefs have experienced considerable degradation as a result of severe mass bleaching events and accumulating threats posed by pollution, human development, coral diseases, and outbreaks of corallivores. Coral restoration can be a useful mitigation tool in assisting natural recovery, especially when economically important reef areas such as resort reefs are in poor health with slow natural recovery. This study assesses the performance efficiency of lagoon mid‐water rope nurseries for coral gardening in two different atolls in the Maldives for the first time. Three different coral genera, namely Acropora, Pocillopora, and Porites, were assessed applying a common monitoring protocol. Fragment survival was generally very high, exceeding 90% survivorship for the genus Acropora and Pocillopora, while nursing success for Porites was significantly lower (66%). We further report benchmark growth rates for these genera in mid‐water rope nurseries in the Maldives. The study also identifies potential threats to coral nursing success, namely disease occurrence and predation, as we report the corallivorous nudibranch Phestilla on in situ nursing stock for the first time. Overall, our results suggest that the use of mid‐water rope nurseries in lagoons is an efficient and widely applicable technique for rearing corals in the Maldives. We aim to provide useful insight into best practices for applying this coral gardening technique on a wider scale in the archipelago and highlight future research requirements.
Acute retrobulbar hemorrhage after tooth extraction: Case report and treatment of a rare condition
Authors: Gupta Nisha , Epstein Aliza , Reed Donovan , Homer Natalie , Blaydon Sean , Alford Jeffrey , Nakra Tanuj
Published: November 2021

Retrobulbar hemorrhage (RBH) refers to hemorrhage within the bony orbital cavity and most commonly results from periorbital surgery or trauma. RBH following tooth extraction is a rare occurrence. Patients with RBH will endorse symptoms of periorbital pain, double vision, or vision loss, and present with evidence of proptosis, chemosis, or subconjunctival hemorrhage. Irreversible vision loss may occur if orbital compartment syndrome (OCS) results in the setting of RBH and is not expediently treated. Herein we present a case of a 72‐year‐old female who developed a RBH and OCS immediately after routine molar tooth extraction. Emergent treatment by the oral surgeon with a lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis led to full visual recovery. Dentists and oral surgeons should be aware of this potential rare vision‐threatening complication of atraumatic tooth extraction and educated on the technique of decompressive lateral canthotomy and cantholysis.
Early identification of depressive symptoms in school‐aged children: Psychometric properties and validation of a new short version of Short Mood & Feelings Questionnaire
Authors: Talja Tiina , Rantanen Anja , Koivisto Anna‐Maija , Fröjd Sari , Ikonen Riikka , Joronen Katja
Published: November 2021

Background

Depressive mood is a common problem among children in Western countries. Professionals in school and other health services have an important role in identifying children at increased risk for depression. The Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire (SMFQ) is a widely used screening tool, but its 13 items still make it quite time‐consuming to complete. There is an urgent need for a quick and easy‐to‐complete self‐report depressive mood scale for use in school health examinations.

Aim

This paper aims to describe and validate a revised version of SMFQ: FsMFQ‐6 is intended as a short screening tool for the early identification of depressive symptoms in children.

Methods

Nationally representative data (n = 95,725) were drawn from the 2017 School Health Promotion Study. The respondents were fourth‐ and fifth‐grade pupils (aged 10–12) in Finnish primary schools. The data were analysed separately by gender. The construct validity of the scale was studied by principal component analysis and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), convergent validity by both receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and Spearman’s correlation coefficient. Reliability was tested by Cronbach’s alpha coefficient.

Results

Principal component analysis yielded a one‐component model: the Finnish Short Mood and Feelings Questionnaire 6 (FsMFQ‐6). CFA confirmed the validity of FsMFQ‐6. Compared with mood at home (AUC = 0.80) and mood at school (AUC = 0.85), overall sensitivity and specificity were optimal at cut‐off point 0. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.73, indicating good internal consistency. The results for girls and boys were almost identical.

Conclusion

The results confirmed the validity and reliability of FsMFQ‐6. FsMFQ‐6 recognises depressive mood in children and is suitable for screening depressive symptoms in fourth‐ and fifth‐grade pupils in Finland. However, it is important to pay close attention to children who choose the ‘Sometimes’ response option more than once, for that can be a sign of depressive symptoms.
A novel cytological technique for bacterial detection on canine skin
Authors: Rich Naomi , Brune Jourdan , Duclos David
Published: November 2021

Background

Cytological examination of the skin is an important diagnostic technique in dermatology for disease diagnosis and monitoring of treatment. Impression smear and tape‐strip preparation are gold standard cytological techniques. This study introduces a novel cytological method, slurry preparation, in which debris collected from the skin surface is macerated in warm sterile water and dried on the slide.

Hypothesis/Objectives

To compare organism yield between a novel and two standard cytological collection techniques by evaluating bacteria and Malassezia yeast counts.

Animals

Thirty client‐owned dogs diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and lesions consistent with pyoderma and/or Malassezia dermatitis.

Materials and Methods

In a prospective, blinded comparison study, dermatological lesions from each dog were sampled using impression smear, tape‐strip and slurry preparation methodologies. Ten random reticle fields per lesion, accounting for a total area of 6.25 × 10−3 mm2 (equivalent to ˜5% of a typical ×40 field), were evaluated by light microscopy for each cytological method. Bacterial and Malassezia organisms were measured as counts/sample. The slurry preparation was compared to each of the standard methodologies separately using paired Student’s t‐tests.

Results

The slurry preparation was demonstrated to be more sensitive than gold standard techniques in detecting bacteria, with mean differences of 12.7 and 13.5 additional bacteria per cytological sample, compared to the impression and tape‐strip preparations, respectively. The slurry preparation did not differ significantly in detecting Malassezia organisms compared with impression smear preparation. The tape‐strip preparation was demonstrated to be more sensitive than the slurry preparation in the detection of Malassezia organisms, finding a mean difference of 0.22 more organisms per sample.

Conclusion

Slurry preparation presents advantages over the gold standard techniques in the detection of bacteria which can help to manage canine pyoderma more appropriately. Performing a slurry preparation in cases of suspected canine pyoderma could be considered as an alternative to the gold standard techniques.
A Sentiment Based Text Analysis of the Perception of Chinese Infrastructure Development in Africa: Cases from Nigeria and Ethiopia
Authors: Thiombiano Dramane , TULGA Ahmet Yiğitalp
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the perceptions of Africans on Chinese infrastructure development in Nigeria and Ethiopia. Using a sentiment-based text analysis methodology, this paper attempts to understand the perceptions and sentiments of Nigerians and Ethiopians on Chinese infrastructure projects. For this purpose, we choose Nigeria and Ethiopia as important destinations of Chinese investment in Africa. Africa is not only rich in natural resources; it also possesses a young population that makes the bulk of the working force. Despite its rapid GDP growth and growing urbanization, the continent is still entangled in the midst of underdevelopment, poverty and an acute lack of infrastructure to stimulate and sustain this economic development. China’s investment in the continent is trying to tackle this infrastructure bottleneck by investing in the building of infrastructures such as roads, railways, ports and highways. The results show some overall positive popular sentiments towards Chinese infrastructure projects from both countries. To conclude, we argue for a need of more scrutiny from the parts of the leadership in Africa given the potential issues related to Chinese infrastructure projects in Africa.
An Overview of Nanotechnology in Upstream and Downstream of Oil and Gas Industry: Challenges and Solutions
Authors: Sadegh Rajabi M. , Moradi Rasoul , Pirouz Kavehpour H.
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, engineers and researchers have deeply perceived the application of nano-scale materials and the associated emerging technology so-called nanotechnology (NT) not only to address the existing challenges in all sciences but also to reshape the future of entire industrial world. Recently, NT has been taken into consideration tremendously for energy applications in both conventional and green types of energies. Particularly in the oil and gas industry (OGI) as the current primary energy source, NT implementation has attracted enormous attentions by researchers and companies due to increasing numerous articles that have been published every year. In this review article, an up-to-date benefits of NT applications in OGI including upstream, midstream, and downstream were highlighted. Besides, the main challenges in oil and gas fields have been discussed to show the potential of NT to overcome the obstacles. Finally, outcomes of several studies were traced in higher efficiency to demonstrate NT application in all OGI sections, and the field trials were summarized as well.
Multi-Objective Collaborative Flexibility Optimization Design of the Strengthening Layer of a Flexible Riser
Authors: Yang Zhixun , Wang Lifu , Yan Jun , Shi Dongyan , Fan Zhirui , Dai Lijiang
Published: November 2021

Marine flexible risers are widely used in ocean oil and gas extraction, and need to withstand environment loads (wave and current) and the large offset of the floater. Therefore, the flexible riser is subjected to tension, bending, and torsion loads, which are mainly resisted by the key strengthening layer. Small bending stiffness of a cross section of the strengthening layer with larger tension and torsion stiffness are required to be compliant with the ocean environment. The traditional design of the key strengthening layer is partially rigid with larger cross-sectional stiffnesses. Therefore, the innovative configurations of the strengthening layer are imperative to make sure that the flexible riser is reliable and safe during the installation and operation. The strengthening layer of the flexible riser is treated as the cylindrical shell composed of periodic unit-cell beam structures, which is a hypothetical model. The optimization design is conducted through the novel implementation of the asymptotic homogenization (NIAH) method. The multi-objective collaborative flexibility optimization formulation of cylindrical shell structure is proposed, considering the ratio of cross-sectional tensile torsion stiffness to bending stiffness of the strengthening layer as the objectives. The optimal configuration results, the helically wound structures, are obtained, which are the alternative strengthening components of flexible risers. Finally, the optimal structures are compared with the commonly used marine flexible riser, which gives a great verification of the methodology feasibility and explains why the strengthening layer is designed as the type of helically wound structure.