bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nonrepresentativeness of Human Mobility Data and its Impact on Modeling Dynamics of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Systematic Evaluation
Authors: Liu Chuchu , Holme Petter , Lehmann Sune , Yang Wenchuan , Lu Xin
Published: April 2024

Background

In recent years, a range of novel smartphone-derived data streams about human mobility have become available on a near–real-time basis. These data have been used, for example, to perform traffic forecasting and epidemic modeling. During the COVID-19 pandemic in particular, human travel behavior has been considered a key component of epidemiological modeling to provide more reliable estimates about the volumes of the pandemic’s importation and transmission routes, or to identify hot spots. However, nearly universally in the literature, the representativeness of these data, how they relate to the underlying real-world human mobility, has been overlooked. This disconnect between data and reality is especially relevant in the case of socially disadvantaged minorities.

Objective

The objective of this study is to illustrate the nonrepresentativeness of data on human mobility and the impact of this nonrepresentativeness on modeling dynamics of the epidemic. This study systematically evaluates how real-world travel flows differ from census-based estimations, especially in the case of socially disadvantaged minorities, such as older adults and women, and further measures biases introduced by this difference in epidemiological studies.

Methods

To understand the demographic composition of population movements, a nationwide mobility data set from 318 million mobile phone users in China from January 1 to February 29, 2020, was curated. Specifically, we quantified the disparity in the population composition between actual migrations and resident composition according to census data, and shows how this nonrepresentativeness impacts epidemiological modeling by constructing an age-structured SEIR (Susceptible-Exposed-Infected- Recovered) model of COVID-19 transmission.

Results

We found a significant difference in the demographic composition between those who travel and the overall population. In the population flows, 59% (n=20,067,526) of travelers are young and 36% (n=12,210,565) of them are middle-aged (P<.001), which is completely different from the overall adult population composition of China (where 36% of individuals are young and 40% of them are middle-aged). This difference would introduce a striking bias in epidemiological studies: the estimation of maximum daily infections differs nearly 3 times, and the peak time has a large gap of 46 days.

Conclusions

The difference between actual migrations and resident composition strongly impacts outcomes of epidemiological forecasts, which typically assume that flows represent underlying demographics. Our findings imply that it is necessary to measure and quantify the inherent biases related to nonrepresentativeness for accurate epidemiological surveillance and forecasting.
The Association Between COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake and Information-Seeking Behaviors Using the Internet: Nationwide Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Taira Kazuya , Shiomi Misa , Nakabe Takayo , Imanaka Yuichi
Published: April 2024

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic, declared in March 2020, profoundly affected global health, societal, and economic frameworks. Vaccination became a crucial tactic in combating the virus. Simultaneously, the pandemic likely underscored the internet’s role as a vital resource for seeking health information. The proliferation of misinformation on social media was observed, potentially influencing vaccination decisions and timing.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the relationship between COVID-19 vaccination rates, including the timing of vaccination, and reliance on internet-based information sources in Japan.

METHODS

Using a cross-sectional study design using a subset of panel data, this nationwide survey was conducted in 7 waves. A total of 10,000 participants were randomly selected through an internet survey firm, narrowing down to 8724 after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The primary outcome was the COVID-19 vaccination date, divided into vaccinated versus unvaccinated and early versus late vaccination groups. The main exposure variable was the use of internet-based information sources. Control variables included gender, family structure, education level, employment status, household income, eligibility for priority COVID-19 vaccination due to pre-existing medical conditions, and a health literacy scale score. Two regression analyses using generalized estimating equations accounted for prefecture-specific correlations, focusing on vaccination status and timing. In addition, chi-square tests assessed the relationship between each information source and vaccination rates.

RESULTS

Representing a cross-section of the Japanese population, the regression analysis found a significant association between internet information seeking and higher vaccination rates (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.42 for those younger than 65 years; aOR 1.66 for those aged 65 years and older). However, no significant link was found regarding vaccination timing. Chi-square tests showed positive associations with vaccination for television, government web pages, and web news, whereas blogs and some social networking sites were negatively correlated.

CONCLUSIONS

Internet-based information seeking is positively linked to COVID-19 vaccination rates in Japan, underscoring the significant influence of online information on public health decisions. Nonetheless, certain online information sources, including blogs and some social networks, negatively affected vaccination rates, warranting caution in their use and recognition. The study highlights the critical role of credible online sources in public health communication and the challenge of combating misinformation on less regulated platforms. This research sheds light on how the digital information landscape influences health behaviors, stressing the importance of accurate and trustworthy health information amidst global health emergencies.
Methodological Research on the Adaptation of Patient Decision Support Tools: A Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Li Xuejing , Zhang Jingyuan , Chen Sihan , Stacey Dawn , Yin Yiyi , Yang Yajuan , Yang Dan , Meng Meiqi , Wang Ziyan , Xue Pei , Hao Yufang
Published: April 2024

UNSTRUCTURED

Objective: This scoping review aims to summarize the steps for adapting patient decision aids (PDAs) based on current research and to explore related methodologies.
Methods: A systematic search of the PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, CNKI, WANFANG, VIP, and SinoMed databases and grey literature was conducted up to January 2024. The search terms focused on patient decision aids and their adaptation. The results were integrated through statistical and thematic analysis.
Results: Twenty-five studies were included. Eight steps for adapting PDAs were identified, including defining decision problems and options; assessing local cultural backgrounds; translating; adjusting PDA language style, content, and presentation; creating an initial version of the PDA; conducting acceptability testing; conducting feasibility testing; and PDA revisions. Only a few studies followed a rigorous process for adapting PDAs, and most research did not undertake steps such as local cultural background assessment and feasibility testing due to challenges related to sample size acquisition, cultural diversity, and complexity.
Conclusion: This study focused on the steps of language style, content, presentation adjustment, and acceptability testing in the overall process of formulating the steps for adapting decision support tools, adapting these tools, and identifying specific methods for acceptability testing. This study enhanced the quality assessment indicators for PDA language style, content, and presentation adjustments to provide a reference for subsequent research. However, gaps still exist in the evaluation standards for the language style, content, and presentation of PDAs that should be addressed by future research.
Assertiveness Levels among Nurses in a Hospital Setting in Banepa, Kavre District
Authors: Shrestha Neha , Kunwar Kushum , Neupaney Rachita , Shrestha Sastika
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Assertiveness, the honest and direct expression of one's beliefs, needs, and opinions while respecting others' rights, is a crucial skill in nursing. It fosters strong inter-professional relationships, mitigates workplace violence, reduces stress, minimizes negligence, and enhances leadership, job satisfaction, autonomy, and efficacy. This study aimed to evaluate nurses' assertiveness levels in a hospital Setting in Banepa, Kavre District. Using a descriptive cross-sectional design, 88 nurses were sampled through disproportionate stratified random sampling. A structured questionnaire collected socio-demographic data, while the Begley and Glacken Assertiveness Behavior Questionnaire (α= 0.65) measured assertiveness levels. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16, employing descriptive (percentage, frequency, mean, and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (chi-square test). Results revealed that 80.7% of respondents exhibited a moderate level of assertiveness, while 19.3% demonstrated high assertiveness. Significant associations were found between assertiveness levels and age (p=0.001), marital status (p=0.005), number of siblings (p=0.011), work experience (p=0.0001), job nature (p=0.001), and assertiveness training (p=0.027). The findings highlight a predominant moderate assertiveness level among nurses. Therefore, implementing assertiveness training programs could effectively enhance assertiveness levels among nursing staff.
Beyond Boundaries: Elevating Performance with FPV RC Planes Across Diverse Domains
Authors: Tonpe Tosh
Published: April 2024

Abstract: This research paper delves into the comparative advantages of FPV (First Person View) RC (Remote Control) planes over FPV drones across various fields of application. In recent years, both FPV RC planes and drones have emerged as indispensable tools in industries ranging from agriculture and surveillance to photography and mapping. However, there remains a need to analyse and understand the nuanced differ- ences between these aerial platforms to make informed decisions regarding their deployment in specific contexts. Drawing upona comprehensive review of literature and empirical evidence, this paper explores how FPV RC planes outperform FPV drones in several key areas. These include endurance, stability, longrange capabilities, and payload capacity. Additionally, the study investigates the suitability of FPV RC planes for taskssuch as long-distance surveillance, aerial mapping, agricultural monitoring, and cinematic aerial photography. Through a com- parative analysis of the performance characteristics and practical considerations of FPV RC planes and drones, this paper aimsto provide valuable insights for practitioners, researchers, and decision-makers in various industries. By understanding the unique strengths of FPV RC planes, stakeholders can optimise their use of aerial platforms to achieve superior outcomes in their respective fields of application.
Experimental Investigation of Mechanical Properties of Geo–Polymer Concrete Using Flyash
Authors: Kavya M. Sri , Satyanarayana R. , Krishna N. Vamshi , Jayanth T. , Kumar G. Prem
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Geopolymer concrete (GPC) is a new material in the construction industry, with different chemical compositions and reactions involved in a binding material. The pozzolanic materials (industrial waste like fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), and rice husk ash), which contain high silica and alumina, work as binding materials in the mix. Geopolymer concrete is economical, low energy consumption, thermally stable, easily workable, ecofriendly, cementless, and durable. GPC reduces carbon footprints by using industrial solid waste like slag, fly ash, and rice husk ash. Around one tons of carbon dioxide emissions produced one tons of cement that directly polluted the environment and increased the world’s temperature by increasing greenhouse gas production. For sustainable construction, GPC reduces the use of cement and finds the alternative of cement for the material’s binding property. So, the geopolymer concrete is an alternative to Portland cement concrete and it is a potential material having large commercial value and for sustainable development in Indian construction industries. The comprehensive survey of the literature shows that geopolymer concrete is a perfect alternative to Portland cement concrete because it has better physical, mechanical, and durable properties. Geopolymer concrete is highly resistant to acid, sulphate, and salt attack. Geopolymer concrete plays a vital role in the construction industry through its use in bridge construction, high-rise buildings, highways, tunnels, dams, and hydraulic structures, because of its high performance. It can be concluded from the review that sustainable development is achieved by employing geopolymers in Indian construction industries, because it results in lower CO2 emissions, optimum utilization of natural resources, utilization of waste materials, is more cost-effective in long life infrastructure construction, and, socially, in financial benefits and employment generation.
Prediction of Heart Disease by using Machine Learning Algortihms
Authors: Ambala Dr. Srinivas , Salunkhe Yash , Sawant Divya , Waydande Tejas , Shingate Gayatri
Published: April 2024

Abstract: Heart disease is considered as one of the common health problem, and machine learning can be a powerful tool for reducing the burden of disease. Using algorithms to learn from data and make predictions about the future is the process of creating a machine learning-based heart disease prediction model. the information that was utilized to train machine learning algorithms from various sources. By identifying risk factors and offering tailored treatment and lifestyle advice, the machine learning algorithm's predictions can help avoid heart disease.The increasing incidence of cardiac disease highlights the critical requirement for early detection instruments. With the use of machine learning techniques, this study creates a heart disease prediction system (K-NearestNeighbors, SVM, DT, and RF). By analyzing relevant medical attributes, the system aims to identify individuals at higher risk of heart disease. Performance evaluation demonstrates improved accuracy compared to previous models, offering potential to reduce misdiagnosis and lower healthcare costs. Implemented in a .pynb format, this project contributes to the advancement of predictive healthcare for heart disease
Filamentous fungi in water used in hemodialysis treatment: a persistence challenge for health surveillance
Authors: Nikaido Suzuki Meire , Sgobbi Zagui Guilherme , Sampaio Machado Carolina , Alves dos Reis Sabrina , Pinheiro Machado Gabriel , Smidt Celere Meschede Marina , Vitorino Santos Danilo , Gomes Martins Carlos Henrique , Neves Andrade Leonardo , Segura-Muñoz Susana
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Fungi usually are resistant to disinfection and has pathogenic potential; however, they are not legally controlled in hemodialysis water (HW). Objective: Filamentous fungi (FF) were evaluated in HW from a tertiary hospital in southeast of São Paulo state (Brazil) and is a reference medical center providing service to millions of people every year. Method: A total of 84 water samples were collected in seven hydraulic system points during a period of one year and FF was identified by macroscopic and microscopic features. Results: FF were detected in all points ranging from 1 to 334 CFU/100 mL. Nine genera along the hydraulic system were identified, including Acremonium, Alternaria, Aspergillus, Beltrania, Bipolaris, Cladosporium, Exophiala, Fusarium, and Penicillium. Conclusions: Most fungi are ubiquitous and some cause human infection and mycotoxins producers. The various genera found reveal possible failures in treatment and distribution system, either through inadequate hygiene practices or infusion of these microorganisms into the pipes. FF detection is needed bearing mind immunological vulnerability of patients under hemodialysis treatment requiring continuous health surveillance actions.
Haemodialysis Patients' Experiences on Complementary and Alternative Therapies: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Ceylan Hatice , Yangöz Şefika Tuğba
Published: April 2024

Background: The term complementary and alternative therapies refers to a broad range of medical and healthcare procedures that are outside the purview of traditional medicine. Despite gaps in the scientific evidence to support its use and difficulties in regulating and integrating it into traditional healthcare procedures, the use of complementary and alternative therapies is constantly rising.
Aim: This study aims to explore the experiences of complementary and alternative therapies among haemodialysis patients.
Material and Methods: The study was carried out by adopting the qualitative descriptive research method. Semistructured qualitative interviews, with 17 haemodialysis patients, were analyzed with qualitative content analysis. Data saturation was reached during interviews, and audio recordings were verbatim transcribed. Both researchers independently identified key topics, which were subsequently discussed and evaluated simultaneously.
Results: We identified 4 overarching main themes in this setting: (1) Seeking Control over Health (to have control over their health status); (2) Relief from negative symptoms (to get rid of the negative symptoms they experience; (3) Hope (in the hope of feeling healthy again); and (4) Fear (in which they are afraid to tell health professionals and are afraid of not receiving support).
Conclusion: This study showed that haemodialysis patients seek complementary and alternative therapies because of having control over their health, relief from negative symptoms, hope to feel healthy again, and fear of telling health professionals and receiving support. It is recommended that health professionals should provide information about the safety and possible side effects of these therapies and practice patient-centered treatment through active communication during the treatment process.
Analyzing the future of e-commerce adoption by SMEs amid the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sutrisno Sutrisno , Prabowo Heri , Setiawati Ira , Yarisma Fithri Widyanita
Published: April 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the use of technology to become increasingly massive and has an impact on increasing business trends through e-commerce. Failure to be proactive and adapt to change will cause business disruption in the near future. The adoption of e-commerce is the right solution for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to be ready to compete and survive in the crisis era. This study aims to analyze technological, organizational and environmental factors on e-commerce adoption and the impact of e-commerce adoption on the performance and competitive advantage of SMEs in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. The object of this research is 100 SMEs in Jambi City, Indonesia. The sampling technique was non-random sampling with type purposive sampling. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires online to selected respondents. The findings of this study underscore the significant influence of technological, organizational, and environmental factors on the adoption of e-commerce among SMEs in Jambi City. Moreover, SMEs in Jambi City perceive that effectively embracing e-commerce can yield desired outcomes, enhancing their performance and competitive edge in the business landscape. Furthermore, the advantages of electronic commerce extend to the convenience of round-the-clock business operations from any geographical location, thus amplifying its appeal and utility for SMEs.
Human resource management practices and its impact on organizational performance in development banks: The emerging market case
Authors: Ghimire Binod , Dahal Rewan Kumar , Budathoki Magar Sujan , Gurung Rajesh
Published: April 2024

The study examined the influence of human resource management (HRM) practices on the performance of development banks (DBs) in Nepal. It applied a descriptive and causal-comparative approach to establish a relationship between independent and dependent variables. It covered ten out of Nepal’s 17 ‘B’ class banks, examining 390 individuals from February to June 2023. Using regression analysis, the results highlighted that performance appraisal (PA) had the greatest impact (β = 0.347, p = 0.50), followed by compensation practices (CPs) (β = 0.279, p = 0.50), recruitment and selection (RS) (β = 0.145, p = 0.50), and training and development (TD) (β = 0.131, p = 0.50) on the organizational performance (OP) of DBs in Nepal. The study reinforces the findings of Osemeke (2012) which emphasized the positive correlation between RS methods and OP and advocates the crucial role of TD in shaping various dimensions of organizational success. The study contributes to social exchange theory (SET) and confirms Shore et al. (1995) results that HRM practices as investments affect employee self-perception in organizations. The study’s findings offer practical suggestions for banks aiming to improve performance by proactively adapting HRM practices to meet changing challenges and opportunities.
Prescribed Fire in the Nelchina Basin: A Case Study for Managing Moose Population
Authors: Anderson Katie , Spalinger Donald , Collins William
Published: April 2024

The Nelchina Basin, located west of Glenallen, AK provides important
moose (Alces alces) habitat throughout the year. However, previous
research in this area has shown that the moose populations appear to be
nutritionally limited by the available forage. The Nelchina Basin was
deemed an intensive management unit to increase moose populations
through predator control efforts and prescribed fires to increase the
amount of available forage, including the 2004 Alphabet Hills fire. We
quantified the available digestible energy (DE) and digestible protein
(DP) during the summer of 2018 and 2019, as well as the winter in
between, and availability of forages for moose within the burn perimeter
and the adjacent unburned forest during the summer of 2019. We found
that total canopy cover of the primary forage species was lower in the
burned areas than in the adjacent unburned forest habitats. DP
concentration was not significantly different between forested and
burned sites, and DE and DP content varied across the summer and winter
sampling season. We also found a significant difference in DE and DP
across the two sampling years. Although others have shown a positive
effect of wildfire for herbivore populations, we found that some areas,
including the Alphabet Hills area, may not be suitably adapted to
benefit from the quick release of nutrients after fire and may not
allocate more resources to biomass as previously expected. This project
highlights the importance of research that quantifies both the
availability of and the quantity of available food resources for
herbivores.
Cardiovascular scientific communication: From conferences/clinical to clinical/conferences
Authors: Hu Chunsong
Published: April 2024

Good scientific communication is helpful in improvement of
cardiovascular health and life due to a number of scientific highlights
and conducting the outcomes of both basic studies and clinical trials in
cardiovascular disease (CVD). In this article, the author proposed new
concepts of scientific communication from conferences/clinical to
clinical/conferences (Co2Cl & Cl2Co), discusses related roles in
clinical practice and translational studies as well as scientific
innovation. Since international scientific conferences or congresses
focus on prevention, health promotion, education and training as well as
treatment or management and rehabilitation of CVD, Co2Cl & Cl2Co are
beneficial to improvement of cardiovascular health and quality of life
due to a number of scientific breakthroughs and a series of discoveries
in cardiovascular medicine. Both models of Co2Cl & Cl2Co contribute to
better cardiovascular scientific communication, excellent clinical
practice and translational research as well as better scientific
innovation, in particular the pandemic and post-COVID-19 era.
Climate change and C4 and C3 grasses in a midlatitude dryland steppe
Authors: Anderson Robert , Martyn Trace , Renne Rachel , Burke Ingrid , Lauenroth William
Published: April 2024

Climate change is projected to alter the structure of plant communities
due to increasing temperatures and changes to precipitation patterns,
particularly in midlatitude dryland ecosystems. Modifications to
climatic suitability may lead to major community changes such as altered
dominant plant functional types. Previous studies have indicated that
climatic suitability is likely to increase for C4 grasses and decrease
for C3 grasses in the western United States. However, if no C4 grass
species currently exist to serve as a propagule source, expansion into
areas of increased suitability will be limited. We conducted a field and
modeling study in the Upper Green River Basin (UGRB) of western Wyoming
to determine if 1) C4 grasses are present to provide a propagule source
and 2) C4 grasses are likely to increase in importance relative to C3
grasses due to climatic changes. We searched 44 sites for C4 grasses to
establish presence, and modeled suitability at 35 sites using 17 Global
Climate Models, two greenhouse gas Representative Concentration Pathways
(RCPs; 4.5 and 8.5), and two time-periods (mid- and late-century;
2030-2060 and 2070-2099, respectively). We found C4 grasses at 10 of the
44 sites, indicating that there is a present propagule source. Our model
projected increases in suitability for both C3 and C4 grasses across
sites for all RCPs and time-periods. In the mid-century RCP 4.5
scenario, the C3 functional type increased in projected biomass in 29 of
35 sites, and the C4 type increased in 31 sites. In this scenario, C3
grasses increased in projected biomass by a median 4 gm-2 (5% change),
and C4 grass biomass increased by a median 8 gm-2 (21% change). Our
study suggests that climate change will increase climatic suitability
for grasses across the UGRB, and that all requirements are in place for
C4 grasses to increase in abundance.
Proximate drivers of migration propensity: a meta-analysis across species
Authors: Bonar Maegwin , Northrup Joe , Shafer Aaron
Published: April 2024

Animal migration is multifaceted in nature, but the relative strength of
different cues that trigger resulting patterns of migration is not well
understood. Partially migratory populations offer an opportunity to test
hypotheses about migration more broadly by comparing trait differences
of migrants and residents. We quantitatively reviewed 45 studies that
statistically modeled migration propensity, extracting132 effect sizes
for internal and external proximate drivers across taxa. Our
meta-analysis revealed that internal and external drivers had medium
(Cohen’s d > 0.3) and large (Cohen’s d > 0.5)
effect sizes on migration propensity respectively. Predator abundance
and predation risk had a large effect, as did individual behaviour
(e.g., personality). The abiotic environment and individual physiology
had a medium effect on migration propensity. Of the studies that
examined genetic divergence between migrants and residents, 64% found
some genetic divergence between groups. These results clarify broad
proximate drivers of migration and offer generalities across taxa.
Weathering the storm when the end of the road is near: A qualitative analysis of supportive care needs during CAR T cell therapy in pediatrics
Authors: Steineck Angela , Silbert Sara , Palm Kallie , Nepper Jordyn , Vaughn Dagny , Shipman Kelly , Shalabi Haneen , Wiener Lori , Comiskey Liam , Knight Jennifer M. , Levine Deena
Published: April 2024

Background: Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy
provides promising outcomes in relapsed/refractory B Acute Lymphoblastic
Leukemia (ALL) yet still carries high toxicities rates and relatively
poor long-term survival. Efficacy has yet to be demonstrated in other
diagnoses while toxicity and risk profiles remain formidable. To date,
treatment-related symptom burden is gleaned from clinical trial toxicity
reports; the patient perspective remains understudied. Methods:
English or Spanish-speaking patients (ages 8-25 years) undergoing CAR T
cell therapy for any malignancy and their primary caregiver were
recruited from Seattle Children’s Hospital (SCH), St. Jude Children’s
Research Hospital (SJCRH), and the Pediatric Oncology Branch of the
National Cancer Institute (NCI). Both patient and caregiver completed
semi-structured dyadic interviews 3-months post-treatment. We used
directed content analysis for codebook development and thematic network
analysis for inductive qualitative analysis. Results: Twenty
families completed interviews (13 patients, 15 parents). Patients were a
median age 16.5 years, predominantly female (65%), white (75%), and
diagnosed with ALL (75%). Global themes included “A clear decision,”
“Coping with symptoms,” and “Unforeseen psychosocial challenges.”
When families were asked to describe the “most challenging part of
treatment,” most described “the unknown.” Most reported “the
symptoms really weren’t that bad,” even among patients hospitalized for
severe toxicity events. Fatigue, pain, and nausea were the most
prevalent symptoms. Importantly, only one family would have chosen a
different therapy, if given another opportunity. Conclusions:
Although physical symptoms were largely tolerable, recognizing
supportive care opportunities remains imperative, particularly
psychosocial concerns.
A Robust Generative Adversarial Network Approach for Climate Downscaling and Weather Generation
Authors: Rampal Neelesh , Gibson Peter B , Sherwood Steven , Abramowitz Gab , Hobeichi Sanaa
Published: April 2024

Anticipating climate impacts and risks in present or future climates
requires predicting the statistics of high-impact weather events at
fine-scales. Direct numerical simulations of fine-scale weather are
computationally too expensive for many uses. While regression-based
(deep-learning or statistical) downscaling of low-resolution climate
simulations is several orders of magnitude faster than direct numerical
simulations, it suffers from several limitations. These limitations
include the tendency to regress to the mean, which produces excessively
smooth predictions and underestimates the magnitude of extreme events.
Additionally, they also fail to preserve statistical measures that are
key for climate research. We use a conditional GAN (c-GAN) architecture
to downscale daily precipitation as a Regional Climate Model (RCM)
emulator. The c-GAN generates plausible residuals on top of the
predictable expectation state produced by a regression-based DL
algorithm. The skill of c-GANs is highly sensitive to a hyperparameter
known as the weight of the adversarial loss (λadv), and
the value of λadv required for accurate results varies
with season and performance metric, casting doubt on the robustness of
c-GANs as usually implemented. But, by applying a simple intensity
constraint to the loss function, it is possible to obtain robust
performance results across λadv spanning two orders of
magnitude. C-GANs are considerably more skillful in capturing
climatological statistics including the distribution and spatial
characteristics of extreme events. We expect c-GANs with this
modification to be readily transferable to other problems and time
periods, making them a useful weather generator for representing extreme
event statistics in present and future climates.
Air quality forecasts with observation-based scaling of anthropogenic emissions for urban agglomerations
Authors: Deroubaix Adrien Michel , Brasseur Guy P. , Andrade Maria de Fatima , Peralta Alejandro , franke Phiipp , Gavidia-Calderon Mario , Hoelzemann Judith Johanna , Jiang Fei , Labuhn Inga , MENUT Laurent , Rosário Nilton , Siour Guillaume , Ynoue rita Yuri
Published: April 2024

Forecasting urban air quality is important for protecting public health,
but current model forecasts are often limited by an inaccurate
prescription of pollutant emissions from human activities. We developed
a new approach that improves air quality forecasts by adjusting emission
prescription based on observed concentrations in urban agglomerations
for key pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, carbon
monoxide, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds. Applying
this new approach to the São Paulo metropolitan area, Brazil, we
compared forecasted and observed pollutant concentrations (from 6
February to 17 April 2023). Using adjusted emission significantly
improved air quality forecasts for São Paulo, especially for ozone
levels after adjusting estimates of volatile organic compound
emissions. However, the forecast of particulate matter concentrations
remained challenging due to their links with gaseous pollutants. Our
study demonstrates the potential of using observed concentrations in
urban agglomerations to improve air quality forecasts. Extending this
approach to other urban agglomerations can help refine emission
estimates and improve regional air quality forecasts, enabling better
decision making for health protection.
Why does the magnetotail reconnection have significantly varying strength of fluctuation?
Authors: jin Runqing , Zhou Meng , Yin Bin , yi Yongyuan , Zhong Zhihong , Pang Ye , Deng Xiaohua
Published: April 2024

Magnetic reconnection in the Earth’s magnetosphere is usually manifested
as a turbulent state in which the large amplitude fluctuations disrupt
the main reconnection layer, while it occasionally shows a clear
structured reconnection layer with weak fluctuations, i.e., a laminar
state. To understand why the fluctuation strength varies significantly
among reconnection in the Earth’s magnetotail, we have examined tens of
reconnection events in the Earth’s magnetotail observed by the
Magnetospheric Multi-Scale (MMS) mission. We primarily examine the
correlation between fluctuation strength in reconnection, quantified by
dBrec and dErec, and reconnection inflow conditions and upstream solar
wind conditions. The fluctuation strength (dBrec, dErec) for these
reconnections ranges from 0.7 to 10 nT and 0.8 to 30 mV/m, respectively.
Our analysis unveils significant correlations between inflow conditions
including Alfven speed VA,in, , magnetic disturbances dBin and electric
field disturbances dEin with (dBrec, dErec). Fluctuation strength also
shows good correlations with interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) cone
angle and solar wind dynamic pressure, whereas it has an unclear
relationship with substorm and storm activities. We suggest that inflow
reconnection conditions act as the principal catalysts for turbulence
during reconnection.
Educación financiera como aporte al bienestar de las vendedoras informales del centro de Soacha.
Authors: Dueñas Hernandez Jeraldine , Chavarro Salgado Jennyfer Paola , Montoya Arévalo Nelson Leonardo
Published: April 2024

Este documento presenta los resultados de una investigación que se ha planteado como objetivo general identificar el potencial que tiene la educación financiera para mejorar el bienestar en las mujeres que trabajan en el comercio informal del centro de Soacha, para dar alcance a ese objetivo se utilizó una metodología de carácter cuantitativo con un alcance descriptivo implementado la encuesta como instrumento de recolección de información aplicado a 76 mujeres en el centro de Soacha Cundinamarca, lo cual permitió encontrar como resultados que las mujeres del comercio informal tiene una percepción que la educación financiera les ayuda a impulsar sus negocios sin embargo no es una opción el estudiar acerca de lo mismo puesto que consideran que en la forma que lo hacen es la manera adecuada, Se evidencia el impacto de la educación financiera en el bienestar de las mujeres dedicadas al comercio informal en Soacha, debido a que promueve la formalización de sus negocios. Por otra parte, es notable la percepción que tienen las comerciantes en cuanto al direccionamiento de la oferta de formación de temas financieros ya que consideran que va dirigido únicamente a los negocios formales limitando las diferentes oportunidades de crecimiento tanto personal como profesional, además de la poca información que les llega acerca de estos cursos y la limitación tanto de tiempo como de recursos que les permita profundizar en dichos temas.
Genetic variants in the retinoid X receptor gene contribute to osteoarthritis susceptibility
Authors: Stefik Debora , Vranic Vladimir , Ivkovic Nemanja , Bozic-Nedeljkovic Biljana , Supic Gordana
Published: April 2024

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a progressive disease of the joints that causes a gradual loss of function, resulting in limited mobility. Chronic inflammation is the main molecular process that triggers and propagates this disease. The retinoid X receptor (RXR), a member of the nuclear receptor family, is involved in modulating inflammatory pathways by influencing key procatabolic inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and enzymes responsible for instigating and sustaining chronic joint inflammation. We evaluated the association between OA risk and genetic variants in the RXR? isoform. Compared to control individuals, a statistically significant difference in genotype distribution was detected for the rs7864987 polymorphism (P=0.008), while a positive inclination toward association was noted for rs3118523 (P=0.077). According to our findings based on the additive model, it appears that RXR? rs7864987 is linked to a higher risk of OA (adjusted odds ratio (OR)=1.846, P=0.012), whereas rs3118523 is associated with decreased risk of OA (adjusted OR=0.569, P=0.030). These results suggest that RXR? could be a significant inflammation-related gene involved in the complex network underlying the immunopathology of osteoarthritis. RXR? polymorphisms could potentially drive individualized retinoid therapy for OA based on genetic profile.
Studies on surface condensation for passive safety system in light water reactor: A review
Authors: Susyadi S , Juarsa Mulya , Putra Nandy , Koestoer Raldi
Published: April 2024

A system with a passive mechanism has been considered to have better
trustworthiness because it does not require an external driving force to
function. Several nuclear reactor designs have implemented this feature
either fully or partially in their safety systems. Some of them combine
boiling and condensation phenomena to deal with decay heat when an accident
occurs. This paper reviews studies on condensation heat transfer in
passive residual heat removal systems and passive containment cooling
systems of light water-cooled reactors. The emphasis is on the applicability
of acknowledged correlations for accident conditions and its development for
a better model. In the explanation, the passive mechanism and type of condenser
implemented in the system are first identified. Afterward, comparative
formula assessment using test data, parametric studies using computer simulation,
and new correlation development are discussed. The
evaluation showed that the use of existing correlation needs tuning in the
case of light water reactor passive safety system design. Besides, it was
also suggested to take into account the geometric form of the condensation
surface. Further research on helical shape is needed to assess the
possibility of an integral reactor's steam generator changing role as a
condenser during the loss of coolant accident that is followed by safety
system failure.
Method development for in-situ radiological characterization of oil-based mud originating from oil industry
Authors: Ntalla Eleni , Clouvas Alexandros , Savidou Anastasia
Published: April 2024

Oil-based mud is one of the primary wastes produced in oil industries that
may contain elevated amounts of naturally occurring radioactive material.
In this study, MCNPX simulations and gamma-ray spectrometry measurements
were combined and a quick and sensitive method was developed for the
non-destructive radiological characterization of spent oil-based mud
originating from the oil industry by using a 3.81 cm x 3.81 cm LaBr3(Ce)
scintillator. By this method, one cubic meter of packaged oil-based mud can
be radiologically characterized in less than 20 minutes.
Multivariate analysis of two-year radon continuous monitoring in Ground Level Laboratory in the Institute of Physics Belgrade
Authors: Maletic Dimitrije , Banjanac Radomir , Jokovic Dejan , Dragic Aleksandar , Veselinovic Nikola , Savic Mihailo , Mijic Zoran , Udovicic Vladimir , Zivkovic-Radeta Svetlana , Udovicic Jelena
Published: April 2024

Multivariate classification and regression analysis of multiple
meteorological variables and indoor radon activity concentration in Ground
Level Laboratory in the Institute of Physics Belgrade, was performed and
discussed. Meteorological variables used in this analysis were from radon
active device, nearby meteorological station and finally from Global Data
Assimilation System. Single variate analysis has identified variables with
greatest value of Pearson's correlation coefficient with radon activity
concentration and also, variables with greatest separation of events with
increased radon activity concentration of over 200 Bqm-3 and of events with
radon level below this value. This initial analysis is showing the expected
behavior of radon concentration with meteorological variables, with
emphasis on data periods with or without air conditioning and with emphasis
on indoor water vapor pressure, which was, in our previous research,
identified as important variable in analysis of radon variability. This
single variate analysis, including all data, proved that Global Data
Assimilation System data could be used as a good enough approximate
replacement for meteorological data from nearby meteorological station for
multivariate analysis. Variable importance of Boosted Decision Trees with
Gradient boosting multivariate analysis method are shown for all three periods and most important variables were discussed. Multivariate regression
analysis gave good results, and can be useful to better tune the
multivariate analysis methods.
The importance of additional geometrical verification with auto beam hold function in prostate cancer irradiation
Authors: Salmic Klemen , Matjasic Alenka , Zager Marcius
Published: April 2024

This paper aims to determine the need for additional imaging verification
when using the auto beam hold function in radiotherapy of prostate cancer
patients with inserted gold fiducial markers. Forty patients who underwent
irradiation of the prostate and twenty with prostate and pelvic lymph node
radiotherapy were included in the retrospective study. Intrafraction shifts
during irradiation were compared with the auto beam hold function in the
translational directions. The function was used with time tracking (5
seconds), a tolerance limit for marker deviations (4 mm), and bone
structures in the large irradiation field (5 mm). The need for additional
image verification was higher in the larger irradiation field group. When
translational shifts were analysed, a statistically significant difference
in the vertical direction was found in the group with only prostate
irradiation (p = 0.013). A statistically significant difference in the
lateral direction was found in the group with a larger irradiation field (p
= 0.021). Translational shifts were not statistically significantly
different between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Intrafraction
shifts of the prostate increase the need for additional imaging
verification. The use of the auto beam hold function is effective in reducing errors.
Early-Onset Type 2 Diabetes and Tirzepatide Treatment: A Post Hoc Analysis From the SURPASS Clinical Trial Program
Authors: Zeitler Philip , Galindo Rodolfo J. , Davies Melanie J. , Bergman Brandon K. , Thieu Vivian T. , Nicolay Claudia , Allen Sheryl , Heine Robert J. , Lee Clare J.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

We evaluated baseline characteristics of participants with early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) from the SURPASS program and tirzepatide’s effects on glycemic control, body weight (BW), and cardiometabolic markers.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

This post hoc analysis compared baseline characteristics and changes in mean HbA1c, BW, waist circumference (WC), lipids, and blood pressure (BP) in 3,792 participants with early-onset versus later-onset T2D at week 40 (A Study of Tirzepatide [LY3298176] in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes Not Controlled With Diet and Exercise Alone [SURPASS-1] and A Study of Tirzepatide [LY3298176] Versus Semaglutide Once Weekly as Add-on Therapy to Metformin in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes [SURPASS-2]) or week 52 (A Study of Tirzepatide [LY3298176] Versus Insulin Degludec in Participants With Type 2 Diabetes [SURPASS-3]). Analyses were performed by study on data from participants while on assigned treatment without rescue medication in case of persistent hyperglycemia.

RESULTS

At baseline in SURPASS-2, participants with early-onset versus later-onset T2D were younger with longer diabetes duration (9 vs. 7 years, P < 0.001) higher glycemic levels (8.5% vs. 8.2%, P < 0.001), higher BW (97 vs. 93 kg, P < 0.001) and BMI (35 vs. 34 kg/m2, P < 0.001), and a similarly abnormal lipid profile (e.g., triglycerides 167 vs. 156 mg/dL). At week 40, similar improvements in HbA1c (−2.6% vs. −2.4%), BW (−14 vs. −13 kg), WC (−10 vs. −10 cm), triglycerides (−26% vs. −24%), HDL (7% vs. 7%), and systolic BP (−6 vs. −7 mmHg) were observed in both subgroups with tirzepatide.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite younger age, participants with early-onset T2D from the SURPASS program had higher glycemic levels and worse overall metabolic health at baseline versus those with later-onset T2D. In this post hoc analysis, similar improvements in HbA1c, BW, and cardiometabolic markers were observed with tirzepatide, irrespective of age at T2D diagnosis. Future studies are needed to determine long-term outcomes of tirzepatide in early-onset T2D.
Trends in Incidence of Hospitalization for Hypoglycemia and Diabetic Ketoacidosis in Individuals With Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes With and Without Severe Mental Illness in Denmark From 1996 to 2020: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Scheuer Stine H. , Andersen Gregers S. , Carstensen Bendix , Diaz Lars , Kosjerina Vanja , Lindekilde Nanna , Wild Sarah H. , Jackson Caroline A. , Pouwer Frans , Benros Michael E. , Jørgensen Marit E.
Published: April 2024

OBJECTIVE

To examine trends in incidence of acute diabetes complications in individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes with and without severe mental illness (SMI) in Denmark by age and calendar year.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a cohort study using nationwide registers from 1996 to 2020 to identify individuals with diabetes, ascertain SMI status (namely, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or major depression) and identify the outcomes: hospitalization for hypoglycemia and diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). We used Poisson regression to estimate incidence rates (IRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) of recurrent hypoglycemia and DKA events by SMI, age, and calendar year, accounting for sex, diabetes duration, education, and country of origin.

RESULTS

Among 433,609 individuals with diabetes, 8% had SMI. Risk of (first and subsequent) hypoglycemia events was higher for individuals with SMI than for those without SMI (for first hypoglycemia event, IRR: type 1 diabetes, 1.77 [95% CI 1.56–2.00]; type 2 diabetes, 1.64 [95% CI 1.55–1.74]). Individuals with schizophrenia were particularly at risk for recurrent hypoglycemia events. The risk of first DKA event was higher in individuals with SMI (for first DKA event, IRR: type 1 diabetes, 1.78 [95% CI 1.50–2.11]; type 2 diabetes, 1.85 [95% CI 1.64–2.09]). Except for DKA in the type 2 diabetes group, IR differences between individuals with and without SMI were highest in younger individuals (<50 years old) but stable across the calendar year.

CONCLUSIONS

SMI is an important risk factor for acute diabetes complication and effective prevention is needed in this population, especially among the younger population and those with schizophrenia.