bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxic effect of three imidazole ionic liquids on two terrestrial plants
Authors: Ma Lin , Lin Qirong , Song Yuhua , Zhao Bo , Fan Mingjin
Published: July 2020

To determine the toxic effect of three imidazole ionic liquids (IILs) in terrestrial monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants, three IILs (1-butyl-3-methylimidazole tetrafluoroborate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazole hexafluorophosphate, and butyl-3-methylimidazolium bi-[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide) were investigated using rice and capsicum as target toxicity models. In hydroponic experiments, increasing the concentration of the IILs led to a decrease in the seed germination rate, a decrease in the reduced stem and root lengths, and an increase in the inhibition rate of the stem and root lengths; in addition, as the concentration increased, the reducing sugar content of rice and capsicum seedling leaves and roots first increased and then decreased, while permeability of the cell membranes of the stems and roots of the two plants also gradually increased. In terms of the effects on these indices in rice, the ranking of these three IIL anions was [TF2N]- > [PF6]- > [BF4]-; in terms of the effects on capsicum, the sequence was [BF4]- > [TF2N]- > [PF6]-. These findings provide a theoretical reference for the next step in the synthesis and the use of green ionic liquids.
Dynamic characteristic of partially debonded sandwich of ferry ro-ro’s car deck: a numerical modeling
Authors: Tuswan  , Zubaydi Achmad , Piscesa Bambang , Ismail Abdi
Published: July 2020

The dynamic behavior of a partially debonded Ferry Ro-Ro’s sandwich car deck is investigated by using commercial finite element software ABAQUS. Debonding in the car deck model is estimated by comparing the dynamic responses of the fully intact and damaged model of the bonding condition. The influence of the debonding ratio is investigated by free vibration analysis using Lanczos iteration method. The dynamic response of the car deck model is loaded with harmonic excitation and is examined in detail. The transverse displacements, velocities, accelerations, longitudinal strains, and phase portraits are investigated in the central point of the damaged area. To evaluate the effect of inserting the spring contact element during the dynamic analysis, both debonded models with and without spring contact elements are examined. From the report, it can be concluded that the dynamic analysis which relies on the modal analysis can be used to diagnose the possibility of debonding problem in the car deck structure. The natural frequencies of the debonded model decrease due to the presence of discontinuity in the debonded region. Further, the discontinuity also creates locally concentrated deformation and significantly affects the short-term time response.
The Employability Skills Needed To Face the Demands of Work in the Future: Systematic Literature Reviews
Authors: Fajaryati Nuryake , Budiyono  , Akhyar Muhammad , Wiranto
Published: July 2020

The qualified human resources with high competitiveness and employability skills are needed to face the era of technological disruption, but employers find a lack of expertise among job seekers. Insufficient skills are related to the issue of education quality. This study aims to identify the employers’ employability skills needed in the career field and the way to integrate it into the instructional process. The research was conducted through Systematic Literature Review (SLR) and mapping approach that consisted of three stages: planning, conducting, and reporting. The literature reviews in this research were derived from Science direct, Springer and IEEE as the main references. The results from the analysis in the literature review showed that employability skills are needed in relation to the work demands in the future according to the employers covering communication, team working, problem solving, and technological skills. The implementation of employability skills in the instructional process is to integrate them into the classroom for all subjects.
Xylan deposition and lignification in differentiating tension wood fibers in Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae) with multi-layered structure
Authors: Higaki Ayano , Kadowaki Yui , Yoshinaga Arata , Takabe Keiji
Published: July 2020

Xylan deposition and lignification processes were examined in tension wood fibers with gelatinous layers (G-layers) in Mallotus japonicus (Euphorbiaceae). The cell walls consisted of a multi-layered structure of S1 + S2 + G + n(L + G), where n indicates the number of repetitions (n = 0–3) and L indicates very thin lignified layers. The formation and lignification processes of the multi-layered structure of tension wood fibers were examined by light microscopy, ultraviolet microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) following KMnO4 staining. The deposition of xylan was examined by immunoelectron microscopy with a monoclonal antibody (LM11). Immunolabelling of xylan appeared in lignified cell wall layers, except in the compound middle lamella (CML), i.e., the S1, S2, and L layers but not the G-layers. The density of LM11 xylan immunogold labeling in S2 layers increased during the formation of G-layers. This increase was due to the shrinkage of S2 layers during development rather than intrusive deposition of xylan through G-layers. Lignification of the CML, S1, and S2 layers proceeded during G-layer formation. The shrinkage of S2 layers occurred almost simultaneously with the lignification of the S2 layers during G-layer formation, suggesting that the S2 layers shrank with lignification.
Microstructure evolution of roll core during the preparation of composite roll by electroslag remelting cladding technology
Authors: Cao Yulong , Li Guangqiang , Jiang Zhouhua , Dong Yanwu , Zhao Zhengrong , Niu Chenrui
Published: July 2020

In the present study, the comprehensive analyses based on the numerical simulation, in situ observation, and metallographic detection were carried out for the roll core of GCr15/45 carbon steel composite roll manufactured by the new electroslag remelting cladding (ESRC) method. During the ESRC process, the temperature distributions at the different radial and longitudinal positions of the roll core have great changes due to the different degrees of heat conduction from the slag bath, as a result, various microstructure and properties were obtained at the different positions of the roll core. The results illustrated that the ESRC process tended to be stable as the composite height reached a certain value and the high-temperature austenitization process mainly occurred in the radial regions where R > 60 mm, whereas no significant changes occurred at the areas where R ≦ 60 mm. The coarse grains and few Widmanstatten structures with proeutectoid ferrite were generated in the roll core areas near the bimetallic interface, while the fine grains with more proeutectoid ferrite were obtained in the roll core area away from the interface. Therefore, a higher tensile strength and a better plasticity were obtained for the specimens away from the interface.
Phytochemical, ethanomedicinal and pharmacological applications of escin from Aesculus hippocastanum L. towards future medicine
Authors: Idris Sahar , Mishra Anuradha , Khushtar Mohd
Published: July 2020

Medicinal plants are used from ancient times for treatment of various ailments. Aesculus hippocastanum (Horse chestnut), is the popular and most valuable tree native to the South East Europe. It’s seed extracts and their concentrates contain phytocompounds like flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoid saponin glycosides (escin), epicatechin, tannins, kaempferol, esculin, fraxin, carbohydrate, essential fatty acids (linoleic acid), oleic acid and purine bases (adenine and guanine). Due to these vital phyto-constituents, horse chestnut is used in phytomedicine for the prevention and treatment of diverse disorders as in venous congestion in leg ulcers, bruises, arthritis, rheumatism, diarrhoea, phlebitis etc. We collected the pharmacological applications of Aesculus hippocastanum L. extracts and escin as the cheif bioactive compound and their uses in traditionally and clinically for the management of various disorders. This review describes the efficacy of A. hippocastanum L. extracts and their bioactive compounds. So in the furtue this plant may be useful for the alternative treatment measure for various ailments via incorporating either extract or escin into novel delivery systems for improving the social health in future and would provide improved quality of life.
Cystic fibrosis-related diabetes: an update on pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment
Authors: Alves Crésio , Della-Manna Thais , Albuquerque Cristiano Tulio Maciel
Published: July 2020

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a highly prevalent autosomal recessive disorder that is caused by mutations in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene (7q31.2), which encodes the CFTR chloride-anion channel that is expressed in several tissues. Life expectancy has increased significantly over the past few decades due to therapeutic advances and early diagnosis through neonatal screening. However, new complications have been identified, including CF-related diabetes (CFRD). The earliest detectable glycemic abnormality is postprandial hyperglycemia that progresses into fasting hyperglycemia. CFRD is associated with a decline in lung function, impairments in weight gain and growth, pubertal development, and increased morbidity and mortality. Annual screening with oral glucose tolerance test is recommended beginning at the age of 10, and screenings are recommended for any age group during the first 48 h of hospital admission. Fasting plasma glucose levels ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) or 2-h postprandial plasma glucose levels ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) that persist for more than 48 h are diagnostic criteria for CFRD. Under stable health condition, the diagnosis is made when laboratory abnormalities in accordance with the American Diabetes Association criteria are detected for the first time; however, levels of HbA1c <6.5% do not rule out the diagnosis. Treatment for CFRD includes insulin replacement and a hypercaloric and hyperproteic diet that does not restrict carbohydrates, fats or salt, and diabetes self-management education. The most important CFRD complications are nutritional and pulmonary disease deterioration, though the microvascular complications of diabetes have already been described.
Efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment in a prepubertal patient with cherubism
Authors: Kawamura Haruka , Watanabe Satoshi , I Takashi , Asahina Izumi , Moriuchi Hiroyuki , Dateki Sumito
Published: July 2020

Background

Denosumab is an inhibitor of receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, which strongly suppresses osteoclasts. Cherubism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by symmetrical swelling of the jaws, in which the bone is replaced by a fibrous granuloma containing osteoclast-like giant cells.

Case presentation

We report the efficacy and safety of denosumab treatment in a prepubertal boy with progressive cherubism. The treatment consisting of eight subcutaneous denosumab injections (120 mg/dose) in 6 months not only suppressed the expansion of the osteolytic lesions but also dramatically ossified them. However, a transiently decreased growth rate and rebounded asymptomatic hypercalcemia were associated with the treatment.

Conclusions

The present case demonstrated the therapeutic potential of denosumab for treatment of cherubism, although adverse effects, especially those on childhood growth, remain obscure. Further studies are needed to establish a safe and effective protocol for denosumab treatment of children.
Clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 17α-hydroxylase deficiency
Authors: Asirvatham Adlyne Reena , Balachandran Karthik , Jerome Packiamary , Venkatesan Vettriselvi , Koshy Teena , Mahadevan Shriraam
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is an autosomal recessive disorder, that could rarely be due to 17 α-hydroxylase deficiency (17αOHD) and/or 17,20 lyase deficiency. Mutation of CYP17A1 gene causes deficiency of glucocorticoids and androgens but excess of mineralocorticoids. Lack of genital ambiguity in most children causes a delay in diagnosis even until puberty. Classical presentation with hypertension and hypokalemia is often not encountered. We intended to study the clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics of children diagnosed with CAH due to 17αOHD.

Methods

Three children who were diagnosed with CAH due to 17αOHD in our institute and on follow up were included in this retrospective study. Clinical, biochemical and genetic characteristics of these children were retrieved and studied from electronic medical records.

Results

Two children were genetic females and one was genetic male, but all three were raised as females. All had hypertension at diagnosis except one but none had hypokalemia. All of them had mutation in the CYP17A1 gene. The two females responded well to oestrogen and progesterone and had adequate estrogenization clinically.

Conclusions

Even though CAH due to 17αOHD is quite rare, it should be considered while evaluating young individuals with hypogonadism, hypertension with or without hypokalemia. Lack of genital ambiguity and absence of classical signs at presentation does not rule out this not so uncommon condition and warrants follow up.
Clinicopathological analysis of composite lymphoma: A two-case report and literature review
Authors: Gui Wei , Wang Jing , Ma Li , Wang Yanli , Su Liping
Published: July 2020

Objective

The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features and treatment of composite lymphoma (CL) with cervical lymph node enlargement.

Methods

In this study, two cases of CL are presented. Biopsies of enlarged cervical lymph nodes by excision revealed two distinct types of lymphomas. The diagnoses were confirmed by routine histopathology, immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reactions and flow cytometry. Case 1 was diagnosed with Hodgkin’s lymphoma and cytotoxic T-cell lymphoma complicated by Epstein–Barr virus infection. Case 2 was diagnosed with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma.

Results

Case 1 received one cycle of adriamycin, bleomycin, vincristine and dacarbazine (ABVD regimen) combined with chidamide, followed by one cycle of gemcitabine and dexamethasone (GDP regimen) combined with chidamide, and then oral acyclovir. The patient achieved stable disease, but was lost to follow-up. Case 2 received eight cycles of cyclophosphamide, pirarubicin, vincristine and dexamethasone (CTOP regimen) combined with chidamide, and the patient achieved complete remission. Nine months later, relapse was confirmed. She received chidamide monotherapy for 3 months, which was then terminated. One year later, the patient underwent progressive disease and died.

Conclusions

CL is a kind of rare disease. Due to the complexity of CL, clinicians should consider both disease components in order to increase the likelihood of effective treatment. This is important.
CXCL13 concentration in latent syphilis patients with treatment failure
Authors: Zhang Yan , Wang Jun , Wei Yingnan , Liu Huili , Wu Chunli , Qu Bin , Yan Yongxing
Published: July 2020

We aimed to investigate the CXCL13 concentration of the serum and cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative latent syphilis patients with treatment failure and explore the change in CXCL13 after treatment. Sixty-eight latent syphilis patients with treatment failure (failure group), 68 syphilis patients with successful treatment (seroconversion group) and 18 patients with non-inflammatory diseases of the nervous system (control group) were included and serum and CSF were collected. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was employed to detect the CXCL13 in the serum and CSF. Results showed that the serum CXCL13 concentration was comparable among three groups, and the CSF leukocyte count, IgG index and CXCL13 concentration in the failure group were significantly higher than those in the seroconversion group and control group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). CSF CXCL13 concentration in the failure group was positively related to the CSF leukocyte count (r = 0.3594, P < 0.001). Of the 68 patients in the treatment failure group, neurosyphilis was found in 17 (25.0%). In conclusion, involvement of nervous system is one of the reasons for the treatment failure in patients with latent syphilis. Detection of CSF CXCL13 concentration is helpful for the diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation of HIV-negative latent syphilis patients with treatment failure and neurosyphilis.
Women’s Nature in the Qur’an: Hermeneutical Considerations on Traditional and Modern Exegeses
Authors: Izadi Janan
Published: July 2020

Some verses of the holy Qur’an speak of a preference of man over woman such as 2:228, 4:34 and 43:18. One can ask whether man and woman have the same essence or whether man has certain characteristics that make him own a different and superior essence. How have exegetes understood these verses through history? Research on more than 100 classical and contemporary Shia and Sunni exegeses demonstrates that understanding of these verses was constant for centuries but was subject to evolution in the twentieth century. In this evolution, the inferiority of women in earlier exegeses was largely replaced by exegeses that provide respect and reverence for women. This change in understanding of the verses has been undoubtedly influenced by improvement in the cultural, social and economic situation of women in the twentieth century. A finding of this research is that some Qur’anic verses have the potentiality for different, and sometimes contradictory, understandings. On the other hand, the cultural and historical frameworks of the exegetes have played a crucial role in their understanding of the Qur’an. Therefore, understanding and interpreting the Qur’an is a dynamic process that should be reviewed according to the needs of the time.
Structure of aqueous sodium acetate solutions by X-Ray scattering and density functional theory
Authors: Wang Guangguo , Zhou Yongquan , Lin He , Jing Zhuanfang , Liu Hongyan , Zhu Fayan
Published: July 2020

The structure of aq. sodium acetate solution (CH3COONa, NaOAc) was studied by X-ray scattering and density function theory (DFT). For the first hydrated layer of Na+, coordination number (CN) between Na+ and O(W, I) decreases from 5.02 ± 0.85 at 0.976 mol/L to 3.62 ± 1.21 at 4.453 mol/L. The hydration of carbonyl oxygen (OC) and hydroxyl oxygen (OOC) of CH3COO− were investigated separately and the OC shows a stronger hydration bonds comparing with OOC. With concentrations increasing, the hydration shell structures of CH3COO− are not affected by the presence of large number of ions, each CH3COO− group binds about 6.23 ± 2.01 to 7.35 ± 1.73 water molecules, which indicates a relatively strong interaction between CH3COO− and water molecules. The larger uncertainty of the CN of Na+ and OC(OOC) reflects the relative looseness of Na-OC and Na-OOC ion pairs in aq. NaOAc solutions, even at the highest concentration (4.453 mol/L), suggesting the lack of contact ion pair (CIP) formation. In aq. NaOAc solutions, the so called “structure breaking” property of Na+ and CH3COO− become effective only for the second hydration sphere of bulk water. The DFT calculations of CH3COONa (H2O)n=5–7 clusters suggest that the solvent-shared ion pair (SIP) structures appear at n = 6 and become dominant at n = 7, which is well consistent with the result from X-ray scattering.
Contribution of house dust contamination towards lead exposure among children in Karachi, Pakistan
Authors: Ikegami Akihiko , Ohtsu Mayumi , Sahito Ambreen , Khan Adeel Ahmed , Fatmi Zafar , Nakagi Yoshihiko , Yoshida Takahiko , Kayama Fujio
Published: July 2020

Lead exposure is associated with impaired neurodevelopment among children. House dust is recognized as one of the important secondary sources of lead exposure in children. We assessed the relationship between lead contamination in house dust and blood lead level in Pakistani children. We investigated lead contamination in house dust samples collected from 59 houses in Karachi, Pakistan. The lead content of house dust in Pakistan was relatively higher than that reported in previous studies. Weekly lead intakes from house dust were considerably higher among Pakistani children. In Pakistani children, 12% (7 of 58) showed lead intake values greater than the previous Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake of lead. A correlation (Pearson’s correlation = 0.37) was found between weekly lead intake from house dust and blood lead level in Pakistani children. In addition, blood lead levels were significantly higher in children with high lead intakes than in children with low and medium lead intakes. Thus, house dust is an important source of lead exposure in Pakistani children.
Finding correct elasticities in log-linear and exponential models allowing heteroskedasticity
Authors: Lee Myoung-jae
Published: July 2020

Log-linear models are popular in practice because the slope of a log-transformed regressor is believed to give an unit-free elasticity. This widely held belief is, however, not true if the model error term has a heteroskedasticity function that depends on the regressor. This paper examines various mean – and quantile-based elasticities (mean of elasticity, elasticity of conditional mean, quantile of elasticity, and elasticity of conditional quantile) to show under what conditions these are equal to the slope of a log-transformed regressor. A particular attention is given to the ‘elasticity of conditional mean (i.e., regression function)’, which is what most researchers have in mind when they use log-linear models, and we provide practical ways to find it in the presence of heteroskedasticity. We also examine elasticities in exponential models which are closely related to log-linear models. An empirical illustration for health expenditure elasticity with respect to income is provided to demonstrate our main findings.
On tungstates of divalent cations (III) – Pb5O2[WO6]
Authors: Jantz Stephan G. , Pielnhofer Florian , Höppe Henning A.
Published: July 2020

Pb

5

O
2

[

WO

6

]

${\text{Pb}}_{5}{\text{O}}_{2}\left[{\text{WO}}_{6}\right]$

was discovered as a frequently observed side phase during our investigation on lead tungstates. Its crystal structure was solved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (

P

2
1

/
n

$P{2}_{1}/n$

,

a
=
7.4379

(
2
)

$a=7.4379\left(2\right)$

Å,

b
=
12.1115

(
4
)

$b=12.1115\left(4\right)$

Å,

c
=
10.6171

(
3
)

$c=10.6171\left(3\right)$

Å,

β
=
90.6847

(
8
)

$\beta =90.6847\left(8\right)$

°,

Z
=
4

$Z=4$

,

R

int

=
0.038

${R}_{\text{int}}=0.038$

,

R
1

=
0.020

${R}_{1}=0.020$

,

ω

R
2

=
0.029

$\omega {R}_{2}=0.029$

, 4188 data, 128 param.) and is isotypic with

Pb

5

O
2

[

Te

6

]

${\text{Pb}}_{5}{\text{O}}_{2}\left[{\text{Te}}_{6}\right]$

.

Pb

5

O
2

[

WO

6

]

${\text{Pb}}_{5}{\text{O}}_{2}\left[{\text{WO}}_{6}\right]$

comprises a layered structure built up by non-condensed [WO6]

6
−

${}^{6-}$

octahedra and

[

O
4

Pb

10

]

12
+

${\left[{\text{O}}_{4}{\text{Pb}}_{10}\right]}^{12+}$

oligomers. The compound was characterised by spectroscopic measurements (Infrared (IR), Raman and Ultraviolet–visible (UV/Vis) spectra) as well as quantum chemical and electrostatic calculations (density functional theory (DFT), MAPLE) yielding a band gap of 2.9 eV fitting well with the optical one of 2.8 eV. An estimation of the refractive index based on the Gladstone-Dale relationship yielded

n
≈
2.31

$n\approx 2.31$

. Furthermore first results of the thermal analysis are presented.
La comunicación digital en las micro y pequeñas empresas
Authors: Armírola Garcés Ledy Paola , García Nieto María Teresa , Romero González Gina Claudette
Published: July 2020

Gestionar la presencia web se ha convertido en las últimas dos décadas en una actividad fundamental dentro de las comunicaciones de las empresas. Esta investigación explora la comunicación digital en las empresas culturales del departamento colombiano de Bolívar. El objetivo es conocer cómo estas empresas manejan la presencia web en su gestión de comunicaciones y cuáles son las redes sociales más utilizadas. Para esto se hizo una descripción de su perfil socioeconómico y se realizó un acercamiento cualitativo, mediante entrevistas en profundidad, para conocer las experiencias de diez empresas pertenecientes a varios sectores culturales. De los resultados se desprende que la mayoría de estas organizaciones culturales responde a la estructura de microempresas, están concentradas geográficamente en la capital y se encuentran en un contexto de vulnerabilidad, condicionadas por la incertidumbre laboral y bajos ingresos. Los empresarios culturales consideran importante la comunicación, pero no la ven como una prioridad. En coherencia, las micro y pequeñas empresas sí utilizan las redes sociales como canales de comunicación con sus públicos, por sus reducidos costos y el aprovechamiento de sus ventajas. Sin embargo, su uso se fundamenta en la intuición y experiencia de los empresarios, más que en la planificación estratégica. Y son Facebook e Instagram las redes sociales más frecuentemente utilizadas.
Un análisis crítico del discurso en los titulares de noticias sobre el caso de corrupción de Lula en los principales periódicos de Brasil
Authors: Alizadeh Afrouzi Omid
Published: July 2020

Este estudio investiga la forma en que el caso de corrupción de Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva está representado en los principales periódicos de Brasil. En línea con la perspectiva teórica de Héctor Borrat (1989; 2006) sobre la influencia de los periódicos en los sistemas políticos, y al emplear el modelo de análisis crítico del discurso de Fairclough (1995ª) y una serie de herramientas analíticas de Richardson (2007), el estudio examina las noticias, titulares sobre el tema, publicados por dos importantes periódicos brasileños de circulación nacional, O Globo y Folha de S.Paulo, para determinar el nivel de participación de cada periódico en el conflicto político y cómo se utiliza el lenguaje para reflejar ideologías específicas. Este análisis paso a paso del caso proporciona una revisión crítica de las estrategias periodísticas fundamentales. Esta investigación analiza las piezas periodísticas de los periódicos antes mencionados durante 29 meses, desde el comienzo de las acusaciones contra Lula (noviembre de 2015) hasta el arresto definitivo del ex presidente brasileño (abril de 2018), en una perspectiva interdisciplinaria de los medios y la política. Los resultados del estudio indican que ambos periódicos, con menos proporción en Folha de S. Paulo, tienden a presentar una imagen negativa del ex presidente brasileño cuando cubren su caso de condena al comentar sobre el conflicto. Los resultados proporcionan evidencia para respaldar la idea de que los periódicos, considerados como validadores de la información, no reflejan simplemente la realidad social tal como es y, sin embargo, intentan imponer sus ideologías en la representación de eventos.
Orbitofrontal Cortex Encodes Preference for Alcohol
Authors: Hernandez John S. , Moorman David E.
Published: July 2020

Orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a key role in representation and regulation of reward value, preference, and seeking. OFC function is disrupted in drug use and dependence, but its specific role in alcohol use disorders has not been thoroughly studied. In alcohol-dependent humans OFC activity is increased by alcohol cue presentation. Ethanol (EtOH) also alters OFC neuron excitabilityin vitro, and OFC manipulation influences EtOH seeking and drinking in rodents. To understand the relationship between OFC function and individual alcohol use, we recorded OFC neuron activity in rats during EtOH self-administration, characterizing the neural correlates of individual preference for alcohol. After one month of intermittent access to 20% EtOH, male Long–Evans rats were trained to self-administer 20% EtOH, 10% EtOH, and 15% sucrose. OFC neuronal activity was recorded and associated with task performance and EtOH preference. Rats segregated into high and low EtOH drinkers based on homecage consumption and operant seeking of 20% EtOH. Motivation for 10% EtOH and sucrose was equally high in both groups. OFC neuronal activity was robustly increased or decreased during sucrose and EtOH seeking and consumption, and strength of changes in OFC activity was directly associated with individual preference for 20% EtOH. EtOH-associated OFC activity was more similar to sucrose-associated activity in high versus low EtOH drinkers. The results show that OFC neurons are activated during alcohol seeking based on individual preference, supporting this brain region as a potential substrate for alcohol motivation that may be dysregulated in alcohol misuse.
Stakeholders Reach Consensus in Troubled Waters
Authors: Rugel Kathleen
Published: July 2020

Surface water and groundwater catchments rarely align with the boundaries of cities, states, or nations. More often, water runs through, over, and under man-made sociopolitical divisions, making the governance of transboundary waters a formidable task. Although much of the public conversation regarding the availability and management of shared waters may appear to be dire (e.g., reports of “water wars”), there are transboundary basin water management strategies across the globe which offer hope. These include the efforts of the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint Stakeholders (ACFS) in the southeastern United States, which may serve as a useful template for future conversations around the water sharing table. The Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint Basin (ACF Basin) is a vital economic engine in the southeastern United States. The waters of the ACF are shared between three states—Alabama, Florida, and Georgia—and harbor some of the richest freshwater biodiversity in North America, including sturgeon, rock bass, madtom, sculpin, bass, darters, and the highest densities of freshwater mussels in the world. Many of these are species of concern or threatened or endangered species; therefore, water management strategies in multiple portions of the ACF must comply with habitat protection plans under the U.S. Environmental Protection Act of 1970 (https://www.enr.gov.nt.ca/en/environmental-protection-act). The ACFS was organized in 2009 in the hopes of overcoming a decades-long stalemate between Alabama, Florida, and Georgia, regarding the use of shared waters in the ACF Basin. Despite years of litigious relationships among these three states, the ACFS managed to bring a diverse and previously contentious set of water users to the table and build consensus on a shared water management plan for the entire ACF Basin. While the ACFS holds no regulatory power, they made more progress in breaking through existing distrust and deadlock than any previous efforts in this basin to date. In the end, they developed cooperation, respect, and a sustainable and adaptive water management plan which included input and buy-in from all identified water sectors in the ACF Basin. It is, therefore, a valuable exercise to examine the ACFS model and contemplate whether it contains exportable methodologies for other catchments challenged with managing transboundary waters.
The Confluence of Us
Authors: Rodríguez-Dorans Edgar
Published: July 2020

This essay explores gay men's identities as processes of creative-relational construction of the self. I problematize the common sex-centered conception of being gay as “I am gay because I have sex with men.” Bringing together Paul Ricœur's work on identity as autobiography, Audre Lorde's concept of the erotic as a constructive force, and Derek Greenfield's understanding of relational orientation, in the light of an interview with Manoel, a young gay man from Malta, creative-relational inquiry affords a richer notion of gayness as “I am gay when I am with you” and “I am gay because I love you.”
Object
Authors: Cruz Joëlle M.
Published: July 2020

Drawing on autoethnography as a genre, this letter of disapplication to the discipline of organizational communication is organized around short poems. Speaking from my positionality as a brown foreign woman of Ivorian and French heritage, I walk the reader through my experience of the walkout at the 2019 National Communication Association Organizational Communication Division's Top Paper Panel. Weaving in recent and distant pasts, I claim that this particular encounter is interconnected to other daily embodied experiences of racism, sexism, and ethnocentrism that constitute the normal for many people of color in communication studies.
How Far is Consumer Protection in the Health Care Sector?
Authors: Nuryaasiinta Cut Mayang Widya
Published: July 2020

In health services, it is not uncommon to cause malpractice due to negligence committed by health workers who are not in accordance with professional standards. This paper is intended to analyse concerning to how to protect consumers, the form of legal protection for patients as consumers of medical services and the forms of responsibility of hospitals and doctors as parties to medical services according to Law No. 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection and Law No. 36 of 2009 concerning Health. To answer the question used the normative legal research method, the approach used in legal research is the statute approach­­), and case approach. In the Decision of Central Jakarta District Court No. 287/PDT.G/BTH/2011/PN.JKT.PST) there are 5 (five) rights of consumers who have been neglected by business actors according to Law Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, namely Article 4 points (a), (c), (d), (e), (g), and (h), and according to the Law Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health of consumer rights that are violated is in Articles 5-8, Articles 56-58. Regarding the responsibility given by business actors (RSCM) to consumers (Nina Dwijayanti) in the form of money amounting to Rp 1,776,010,000.00 (one billion seven hundred seventy-six million ten thousand rupiah), in Article 19 paragraph (2) the Consumer Law only recognizes just material compensation but according to Article 46 of Law No.44 of 2009 concerning this compensation house is appropriate.
Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement: Is it Able to Reduce Traffic Violations?
Authors: Bagasatwika Aryanindita
Published: July 2020

The practice of law enforcement on traffic violations committed by law enforcement officers is currently not enough to satisfy the expectations of the community. Problems often occur in current law enforcement practices, including vulnerability to corruption and convoluted bureaucracy in dealing with the process of law enforcement, especially for traffic violations. The practice of law enforcement itself cannot only be shackled in the current legal rigidity, in this condition a legal breakthrough or legal progression is needed, so that our law can adjust to the times and demands of society. The E-TLE (Electronic Traffic Law Enforcement) system created by the Semarang Traffic Police Unit is a breakthrough in law in law enforcement practices that are applied to traffic violations in the City of Semarang in order to bring a fast, precise, clean and transparent law enforcement system. In this context, progressive legal theory is used to create a breakthrough in progressive law enforcement in the E-TLE Satlantas Polrestabes Semarang system against traffic violations in the city of Semarang.
TUG is a calpain-10 substrate involved in the translocation of GLUT4 in adipocytes
Authors: Pánico Pablo , Hiriart Marcia , Ostrosky-Wegman Patricia , Salazar Ana María
Published: July 2020

The calpain-10 (CAPN10) protease is implicated in the translocation of the glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4), which is retained in the Golgi matrix via the Tether containing a UBX domain for GLUT4 (TUG) protein. Insulin stimulation induces the proteolytic processing of TUG, which leads to the translocation of GLUT4 to the cell membrane. We tested whether TUG is a CAPN10 substrate. Proteolysis of TUG by calpains was assessed using a cell-free system containing calpain-1 and TUG. In situ proteolysis of TUG by calpains was demonstrated in 3T3-L1 adipocytes in the presence of insulin or calpain inhibitors to modulate calpain activity. Proteolysis of TUG by CAPN10 was confirmed using transient or stable silencing of CAPN10 in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Calpains proteolyzed the C-terminus of TUG in vitro. In adipocytes, insulin-induced cleavage of TUG was correlated with the activation of calpains. Treatment with calpain inhibitors reduced TUG cleavage, resulting in impaired GLUT4 translocation without altering Akt phosphorylation. Furthermore, CAPN10 but not calpain-1 or calpain-2 colocalized with GLUT4 in the absence of insulin, and their colocalization was reduced after stimulation with insulin. Finally, we demonstrated that CAPN10 knockdown reduced the proteolysis of TUG without altering the phosphorylation of Akt or the expression of the Usp25m protease. Thus, our results provide evidence that the TUG protein is cleaved by CAPN10 to regulate GLUT4 translocation.
Lack of adrenal TSPO/PBR expression in hamsters reinforces correlation to triglyceride metabolism
Authors: Koganti Prasanthi P , Selvaraj Vimal
Published: July 2020

Despite being a highly conserved protein, the precise role of the mitochondrial translocator protein (TSPO), previously known as the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), remains elusive. The void created by studies that overturned a presumptive model that described TSPO/PBR as a mitochondrial cholesterol transporter for steroidogenesis has been filled with evidence that it can affect mitochondrial metabolic functions across different model systems. We previously reported that TSPO/PBR deficient steroidogenic cells upregulate mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation and presented a strong positive correlation between TSPO/PBR expression and tissues active in triglyceride metabolism or lipid storage. Nevertheless, the highlighting of inconsistencies in prior work has provoked reprisals that threaten to stifle progress. One frequent factoid presented as being supportive of a cholesterol import function is that there are no steroid-synthesizing cell types without high TSPO/PBR expression. In this study, we examine the hamster adrenal gland that is devoid of lipid droplets in the cortex and largely relies on de novo cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake for steroidogenesis. We find that Tspo expression in the hamster adrenal is imperceptible compared to the mouse. This observation is consistent with a substantially low expression of Cpt1a in the hamster adrenal, indicating minimal mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation capacity compared to the mouse. These findings provide further reinforcement that the much sought-after mechanism of TSPO/PBR function remains correlated with the extent of cellular triglyceride metabolism. Thus, TSPO/PBR could have a homeostatic function relevant only to steroidogenic systems that manage triglycerides associated with lipid droplets.
Impacto de las políticas de formación de maestros y evaluativas en el campo de la enseñanza de la filosofía en Colombia: 2014-2019
Authors: Prada Dussán Maximiliano , Nossa Caviedes Karol
Published: July 2020

Motivado tanto por el propósito nacional de mejorar los resultados en las evaluaciones estandarizadas internacionales, como por la firma del acuerdo de paz entre el gobierno nacional y las Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia (Farc), en los últimos cuatro años el Ministerio de Educación Nacional de Colombia ha impulsado reformas relevantes que impactan directamente el campo de la enseñanza de la filosofía. Este texto describe las dos disposiciones normativas que más han llamado la atención de las comunidades filosóficas, en particular, y educativas, en general, en los últimos años: por un lado, las reformas a las licenciaturas, programas profesionales de formación de docentes, y, por otro, la reforma a la prueba de Estado Saber 11, que deben desarrollar los estudiantes de último grado de educación secundaria. A partir de este contexto, se sintetizan las reacciones que tales normas suscitaron en las comunidades académicas y, finalmente, se expresan los retos a los que la enseñanza de la filosofía se enfrenta a partir de tales cambios. Entre estos retos se encuentran la desprofesionalización filosófica del ejercicio docente y la reducción del saber filosófico a ejercicio de lectura.
Dialéctica negativa y sufrimiento en la filosofía moral de Theodor W. Adorno
Authors: Almanza Loaiza Tulia
Published: July 2020

El objetivo de este artículo es mostrar que en la actualidad el dominio de la técnica sobre la naturaleza tiene consecuencias en la conformación de la subjetividad. Para comprender este dominio, la dialéctica negativa analiza las tensiones entre el mito y la razón, para señalar las oposiciones del sujeto en su relación con la sociedad. La dominación causa sufrimiento en el sujeto, lo que se refleja en su interacción con los objetos y en la conformación de su moralidad.
La objeción presidencial a actos legislativos en Colombia
Authors: Argüello Rueda José Darío
Published: July 2020

En el 2012, luego de que el presidente de turno Juan Manuel Santos Calderón objetara el Acto Legislativo de Reforma a la Justicia, se abrió uno de los debates constitucionales más importantes del momento, el cual fue conocido por los altos tribunales como los son la Corte Constitucional y el Consejo de Estado. En el presente artículo se hace un análisis histórico de la competencia de objeción a reformas constitucionales, se observa en un ejercicio de análisis de referentes las disposiciones constitucionales de algunos países de América Latina sobre dicha atribución, se desarrolla una carga argumentativa de las razones de improcedencia, además de examinar sentencias de los tribunales antes mencionados en lo que respecta al tema de investigación.
International Practice Patterns of Antibiotic Therapy and Laboratory Testing in Bronchiolitis
Authors: Zipursky Amy , Kuppermann Nathan , Finkelstein Yaron , Zemek Roger , Plint Amy C. , Babl Franz E. , Dalziel Stuart R. , Freedman Stephen B. , Steele Dale W. , Fernandes Ricardo M. , Florin Todd A. , Stephens Derek , Kharbanda Anupam , Roland Damian , Lyttle Mark D. , Johnson David W. , Schnadower David , Macias Charles G. , Benito Javier , Schuh Suzanne ,   FOR THE PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY RESEARCH NETWORKS (PERN)
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

International patterns of antibiotic use and laboratory testing in bronchiolitis in emergency departments are unknown. Our objective is to evaluate variation in the use of antibiotics and nonindicated tests in infants with bronchiolitis in 38 emergency departments in Pediatric Emergency Research Networks in Canada, the United States, Australia and New Zealand, the United Kingdom and Ireland, and Spain and Portugal. We hypothesized there would be significant variation, adjusted for patient characteristics.

METHODS:

We analyzed a retrospective cohort study of previously healthy infants aged 2 to 12 months with bronchiolitis. Variables examined included network, poor feeding, dehydration, nasal flaring, chest retractions, apnea, saturation, respiratory rate, fever, and suspected bacterial infection. Outcomes included systemic antibiotic administration and urine, blood, or viral testing or chest radiography (CXR).

RESULTS:

In total, 180 of 2359 (7.6%) infants received antibiotics, ranging from 3.5% in the United Kingdom and Ireland to 11.1% in the United States. CXR (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.3; 95% confidence interval 1.6–3.2), apnea (aOR 2.2; 1.1–3.5), and fever (aOR 2.4; 1.7–3.4) were associated with antibiotic use, which did not vary across networks (P = .15). In total, 768 of 2359 infants (32.6%) had ≥1 nonindicated test, ranging from 12.7% in the United Kingdom and Ireland to 50% in Spain and Portugal. Compared to the United Kingdom and Ireland, the aOR (confidence interval) results for testing were Canada 5.75 (2.24–14.76), United States 4.14 (1.70–10.10), Australia and New Zealand 2.25 (0.86–5.74), and Spain and Portugal 3.96 (0.96–16.36). Testing varied across networks (P < .0001) and was associated with suspected bacterial infections (aOR 2.12; 1.30–2.39) and most respiratory distress parameters. Viral testing (591 of 768 [77%]) and CXR (507 of 768 [66%]) were obtained most frequently.

CONCLUSIONS:

The rate of antibiotic use in bronchiolitis was low across networks and was associated with CXR, fever, and apnea. Nonindicated testing was common outside of the United Kingdom and Ireland and varied across networks irrespective of patient characteristics.
Les romanciers du rugby dans la France des années 1920
Authors: Bauer Thomas , Vincent Joris
Published: July 2020

Faut-il voir dans les années 1920 une période faste pour la littérature à thème rugbystique ? En effet, qu’ils soient auteurs reconnus ou simples journalistes sportifs, plusieurs écrivains se sont emparés des opportunités éditoriales de l’époque pour raconter des histoires de rugby. Au-delà de leur caractère anecdotique ou promotionnel, ces dernières constituent une véritable source d’informations pour étudier la démocratisation d’un sport qui, à Paris comme dans les grandes villes de province, encourageait la noblesse du jeu et l’élégance de ses champions par-delà les rivalités et autres soupçons d’amateurisme marron. Toutefois, la littérature étant aussi un moyen de dire et d’interroger l’expérience du premier conflit mondial, certains romanciers ont rapproché métaphoriquement le rugby et la guerre pour mieux réinterroger, a posteriori, le sens du « Grand Match ». L’analyse de ces pages littéraires souhaite apporter un éclairage original pour appréhender, autrement, l’histoire du rugby français au cours des Années folles.
Un sport englezesc învățat din Franța
Authors: Popa Bogdan
Published: July 2020

Contribuția de față analizează apariția rugby-ului în România ca o disciplină sportivă a elitei sociale, limitată la București. Teza mea este că, în timp ce caracterul elitist provine din originea socială a jucătorilor, tocmai acest element a reprezentat o problemă structurală prin nediseminarea acestei discipline în celelalte regiuni ale țării. Dar cea mai interesantă trăsătură a rugby-ului românesc este originea pur franceză a acestuia, fapt ce a fost afirmat public și în timpul perioadei comuniste. Aceste două elemente caracteristice (originea franceză și elitismul) pot fi excelent investigate prin analiza participării la două turnee internaționale importante, Jocurile Inter-aliate (sau Pershing) din 1919 și Jocurile Olimpice din 1924, ambele organizate la Paris.
Die Vertreter der Rugbyliteratur im Frankreich der 1920er Jahre
Authors: Bauer Thomas , Vincent Joris
Published: July 2020

Sind die 1920er Jahre als eine Blütezeit der Rugby-Themenliteratur zu betrachten? Ob anerkannte Schriftsteller oder einfache Sportjournalisten, mehrere Autoren nutzten tatsächlich die Veröffentlichungsmöglichkeiten der damaligen Zeit, um Geschichten über Rugby zu erzählen. Abgesehen von ihrem anekdotischen oder werbewirksamen Charakter stellen diese Geschichten eine ausgezeichnete Informationsquelle dar, um die Demokratisierung eines Sports zu untersuchen, der sowohl in Paris als auch in den anderen französischen Großstädten die Erhabenheit des Spiels und die Eleganz seiner Talente förderte, jenseits von Rivalitäten und Verdachtsmomenten zur unerlaubten Bezahlung von Amateurspielern. Gleichwohl dient die Literatur der damaligen Zeit auch dazu, die Erfahrungen des Ersten Weltkriegs zu erzählen und zu reflektieren, was einige Schriftsteller dazu veranlasst hat, den Sport auf metaphorischer Ebene dem Krieg anzunähern, um die Bedeutung des „Großen Matches“ a posteriori neu zu hinterfragen. Die vorliegende Literaturanalyse soll einen neuen Einblick in die Geschichte des französischen Rugbys während der Goldenen Zwanziger gewähren.

 Aus dem Französischem von Alfred Jürgens.
Péter, László. 2018. Forbidden Football in Ceausescu’s Romania. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (Global Culture and Sport Series)
Authors: Bopp-Filimonov Valeska
Published: July 2020

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