bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Deep Learning Assisted Classification of T1ρ‐MR Based Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Phases
Authors: Li Yanrun , Hu Meiyu , Chen Junhong , Ling Zemin , Zou Xuenong , Cao Wuteng , Wei Fuxin
Published: July 2024

Background

According to the T1ρ value of nucleus pulposus, our previous study has found that intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) can be divided into three phases based on T1ρ‐MR, which is helpful for the selection of biomaterial treatment timing. However, the routine MR sequences for patients with IDD are T1‐ and T2‐MR, T1ρ‐MR is not commonly used due to long scanning time and extra expenses, which limits the application of T1ρ‐MR based IDD phases.

Purpose

To build a deep learning model to achieve the classification of T1ρ‐MR based IDD phases from routine T1‐MR images.

Study Type

Retrospective.

Population

Sixty (M/F: 35/25) patients with low back pain or lower limb radiculopathy are randomly divided into training (N = 50) and test (N = 10) sets.

Field Strength/Sequences

1.5 T MR scanner; T1‐, T2‐, and T1ρ‐MR sequence (spin echo).

Assessment

The T1ρ values of the nucleus pulposus in intervertebral discs (IVDs) were measured. IVDs were divided into three phases based on the mean T1ρ value: pre‐degeneration phase (mean T1ρ value >110 msec), rapid degeneration phase (mean T1ρ value: 80–110 msec), and late degeneration phase (mean T1ρ value <80 msec). After measurement, the T1ρ values, phases, and levels of IVDs were input into the model as labels.

Statistical Tests

Intraclass correlation coefficient, area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), F1‐score, accuracy, precision, and recall (P < 0.05 was considered significant).

Results

In the test dataset, the model achieved a mean average precision of 0.996 for detecting IVD levels. The diagnostic accuracy of the T1ρ‐MR based IDD phases was 0.840 and the AUC was 0.871, the average AUC of 5‐folds cross validation was 0.843.

Data Conclusion

The proposed deep learning model achieved the classification of T1ρ‐MR based IDD phases from routine T1‐MR images, which may provide a method to facilitate the application of T1ρ‐MR in IDD.

Evidence Level

4

Technical Efficacy

Stage 2
Evaluation of the clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction related to the use of internal eye shields for electron external beam radiation therapy
Authors: Tait Kirsty , Burgess Sinead , Burmeister Elizabeth A. , Le Nguyen Thuan Anh , Burmeister Bryan
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Cancers around the eye are often treated using orthovoltage machines or by plastic surgery, neither of which are widely available in regional Australia. External beam radiation therapy (EBRT) using electrons and an internal eye shield is an alternative, relatively underreported technique which can provide similar cosmetic and functional outcomes. This report aimed to describe the process for the use of internal eye shields at GenesisCare Fraser Coast Radiation Oncology (GCFCRO) and the associated clinical outcomes and patient perceptions of the delivery and results of this procedure.

Methods

This project was conducted in two phases. Phase I was an audit of the departmental technique and short‐term clinical outcomes of 17 patients who received EBRT for skin cancer near the eyes at GCFCRO in partnership with Wide Bay Hospital and Health Service (WBHHS). Phase II was a survey of nine of those patients to elicit the patient perspective of the delivery and long‐term outcomes of the treatment.

Results

Phase I revealed the departmental procedures for simulation, planning and treatment at GCFCRO are consistent with other departments published protocols. Phase II results detailed positive patient perspectives regarding cosmetic outcomes and receipt of EBRT for skin cancer near their eyes.

Conclusion

EBRT with an internal eye shield is an acceptable alternative modality to surgery for squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and basal cell carcinomas (BCC) around the eye in the definitive and adjuvant setting. This is particularly important in regional locations to facilitate patients receiving high‐quality care and outcomes locally.
Clinical characteristics and outcomes of pediatric patients with autoimmune gastritis
Authors: Granot Maya , Beinvogl Beate C. , Schvimer Michael , Goldsmith Jeffrey D. , Matar Manar , Ben Tov Amir , Feler Anat Y. , Nachum Nurit , Morgenstern Sara , Mayer Chen , Shamir Raanan , Weiss Batia , Shouval Dror S.
Published: July 2024

Objectives

Autoimmune gastritis (AIG) is a rare chronic inflammatory disorder with potential long‐term sequelae including gastric neoplasia. There is limited data on the natural history of pediatric AIG. We aimed to characterize the clinical course and outcomes of children with AIG.

Methods

This was a multicenter retrospective study that included pediatric patients diagnosed with AIG between January 1, 2000 and December 31, 2021. Diagnosis of AIG was based on the demonstration of histological corpus‐predominant atrophic gastritis, with or without positive antiparietal cell (APCA) or anti‐intrinsic factor (IF) antibodies. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, endoscopic, and histologic data were retrieved, along with follow‐up data.

Results

Thirty‐three patients, (23 females [69.7%], median age 12.0 [interquartile range 7.0–15.0] years at diagnosis) were identified. Twenty‐two patients (66.7%) had positive APCA and/or anti‐IF serology. The most common presenting manifestation was iron deficiency anemia (75%), and accompanying autoimmune disorders were significantly more common in patients with positive serology (62% vs. 18%, p < 0.05). Pseudo‐pyloric or intestinal‐type metaplasia was present at diagnosis in eight patients (24%), and 11 additional patients (33%) developed metaplasia during a median follow‐up time of 27 (17.5–48.3) months. One patient developed a type 1 gastric neuroendocrine tumor. Helicobacter pylori was identified in only one patient, while two patients had prior eradication. Endoscopic and histologic improvements weren't identified in any patients.

Conclusions

AIG should be considered in patients with autoimmunity and resistant iron‐deficiency anemia. H. pylori infection may not be associated with pediatric AIG. The development of neuroendocrine tumor in one patient, and the high rates of metaplasia, highlight the importance of surveillance.
Tourism's contribution to human development and the reduction of poverty and inequality: Empirical evidence at a regional level in Spain
Authors: Cárdenas‐García Pablo Juan , Brida Juan Gabriel , Alcalá‐Ordóñez Alejandro , Segarra Verónica
Published: July 2024

Scientific literature has begun to analyze the capacity of tourism as a development instrument, although until now, it has relied on a country level focus. This innovative work analyzes the relationship between tourism and development at a regional level, establishing the hypothesis that tourism affects different dimensions of development (human development, poverty, and income inequality) and, furthermore, that differences exist at a regional level within the same country. Regional data from Spain are used for the 2004–2021 period, applying the Dumitrescu and Hurlin causality test to analyze the relationships between these variables in global terms while also disaggregating between touristic and non‐touristic regions. The results only verify that tourism has a positive effect on improving human development in regions of high tourism intensity. These results suggest the need for tourism policies that are linked to the regional administrative level.
TrachGPT: Appraisal of tracheostomy care recommendations from an artificial intelligent Chatbot
Authors: Ayo‐Ajibola Oluwatobiloba , Davis Ryan J. , Lin Matthew E. , Vukkadala Neelaysh , O'Dell Karla , Swanson Mark S. , Johns Michael M. , Shuman Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2024

Objective

Safe home tracheostomy care requires engagement and troubleshooting by patients, who may turn to online, AI‐generated information sources. This study assessed the quality of ChatGPT responses to such queries.

Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, ChatGPT was prompted with 10 hypothetical tracheostomy care questions in three domains (complication management, self‐care advice, and lifestyle adjustment). Responses were graded by four otolaryngologists for appropriateness, accuracy, and overall score. The readability of responses was evaluated using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch–Kincaid Reading Grade Level (FKRGL). Descriptive statistics and ANOVA testing were performed with statistical significance set to p < .05.

Results

On a scale of 1–5, with 5 representing the greatest appropriateness or overall score and a 4‐point scale with 4 representing the highest accuracy, the responses exhibited moderately high appropriateness (mean = 4.10, SD = 0.90), high accuracy (mean = 3.55, SD = 0.50), and moderately high overall scores (mean = 4.02, SD = 0.86). Scoring between response categories (self‐care recommendations, complication recommendations, lifestyle adjustments, and special device considerations) revealed no significant scoring differences. Suboptimal responses lacked nuance and contained incorrect information and recommendations. Readability indicated college and advanced levels for FRE (Mean = 39.5, SD = 7.17) and FKRGL (Mean = 13.1, SD = 1.47), higher than the sixth‐grade level recommended for patient‐targeted resources by the NIH.

Conclusion

While ChatGPT‐generated tracheostomy care responses may exhibit acceptable appropriateness, incomplete or misleading information may have dire clinical consequences. Further, inappropriately high reading levels may limit patient comprehension and accessibility. At this point in its technological infancy, AI‐generated information should not be solely relied upon as a direct patient care resource.
Why Single‐Chain Nanoparticles from Weak Polyelectrolytes Can Be Synthesized at Large Scale in Concentrated Solution?
Authors: Pomposo Jose A. , Arena Davide , Verde‐Sesto Ester , Maiz Jon , de Molina Paula Malo , Moreno Angel J.
Published: July 2024

Here, the unresolved question of why single‐chain nanoparticles (SCNPs) prepared from a weak polyelectrolyte (PE) precursor can be synthesized on a large scale in a concentrated solution is addressed, unlike SCNPs obtained from an equivalent neutral (nonamphiphilic) polymer precursor. The combination of the standard elastic single‐chain nanoparticles (ESN) model −developed for neutral chains− with the classical scaling theory of PE solutions provides the key. Essentially, the long‐range repulsion between electrostatic blobs in a weak PE precursor restricts the cross‐linking process during SCNPs formation to the interior of each blob. Consequently, the maximum concentration at which PE‐SCNPs can be prepared without interchain cross‐linking is not determined by the full size of the PE precursor but, instead, by the smaller size of its electrostatic blobs. Therefore, PE‐SCNPs can be synthesized up to a critical concentration where electrostatic blobs from different chains touch each other. This concentration can be 30 times higher than that for non‐PE polymer precursors. Upon progressive dilution, the size of PE‐SCNPs synthesized in concentrated solution increases until it reaches the bigger size of PE‐SCNPs prepared under highly diluted conditions. PE‐SCNPs do not adopt a globular conformation either in concentrated or in diluted solution. It shows that the main model predictions agree with experimental results.
ZK‐type limit for the Euler–Poisson system with a realistic electrostatic potential in dimension three
Authors: Rong Rong
Published: July 2024

We explore the Zakharov–Kuznetsov‐type limit for the three‐dimensional Euler–Poisson systems with external magnetic fields when the plasma has a realistic electrostatic potential. It reveals that both homogeneous and inhomogeneous Zakharov–Kuznetsov‐type equations can be obtained from the Euler–Poisson system through the application of the Gardner–Morikawa transformation. By analyzing the remaining system, we employ the energy method within Sobolev spaces to provide estimates, leading to the emergence of Zakharov–Kuznetsov‐type dynamics over a time interval of the order
.
Passivity analysis of neutral‐type Cohen–Grossberg neural networks involving three kinds of time‐varying delays
Authors: Liu Jiayang , Wang Yantao , Wang Xin
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the issue of passivity analysis of the neutral‐type Cohen–Grossberg neural networks (NTCGNNs) with distributed, transmission, and neutral time‐varying delays. A new method based on the system solutions was proposed to analyze passivity. It is important to note that this paper focuses solely on introducing the proposed method and does not provide a comprehensive analysis of NTCGNNs. This method does not require for the construction of Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional (LKF) or model transformation, thus reducing computational effort and complexity. By using this new way and the inequality technique, a passivity criterion for NTCGNNs with multiple time‐varying delays is derived. The applicability of the derived criterion was demonstrated through a numerical example.
Semilinear approximations of quasilinear parabolic equations with applications
Authors: Czaja Radosław , Dłotko Tomasz
Published: July 2024

An approach to solvability of certain quasilinear parabolic equations is presented by approximating the quasilinear equation under consideration with a parameter family of semilinear problems with stronger linear fractional diffusion term. Defined on arbitrarily long time intervals, solutions to the original problem are found as a suitable limit of global solutions to those semilinear approximations. The method is applied to nonlinear parabolic Kirchhoff equation, quasilinear reaction–diffusion equation, and critical 2D surface quasi‐geostrophic equation associated with Dirichlet boundary conditions.
A Great Time to Get Away
Authors: Atwood Stephen P.
Published: July 2024

July is a great time to relax and reflect. It is the midpoint of the summer. It is also the halfway point for many fiscal calendars. Use the opportunity to look back on new year's resolutions or those grand business plans and check your score. Are you on track for your professional development? Is that new product launch going as planned? These are important things to monitor, but it is also important to monitor your vacation score.
Aggregation and Sedimentation Stability of Nanoscale Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework (ZIF‐8) Nanocomposites for Antimicrobial Agent Delivery Applications
Authors: Sevimli‐Yurttas Zeynep , Moreira Rosana G. , Castell‐Perez Elena
Published: July 2024

The applications of nanoscale zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF‐8) for antimicrobial drug delivery depend on the aqueous suspension stability of the ZIF‐8 which is influenced by their crystallinity, size, shape, aggregation, and surface chemistry. This study evaluated the stability of ZIF‐8 nanoparticles in terms of their aggregation and sedimentation characteristics. ZIF‐8 nanocomposites were synthesized with methanol via sonication at 30°C for 1 h. The effect of drying methods (oven drying at 80°C, and vacuum drying at 35°C), number of washing steps (0 = no wash, 1, 2, 3), and washing medium (washing with water and ethanol instead of methanol, and redispersion in water and ethanol) on the suspension stability was evaluated. The impact of added xanthan gum (XG) and poly‐L‐lysine (PL) as suspension media was also evaluated. ZIF‐8 nanoparticles were also synthesized using ethanol and suspended in PL. % transmittance and zeta potential were measured for freshly prepared ZIF‐8 suspensions in PL and after freeze‐drying and resuspending in water. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis were utilized for the assessment of the crystallinity, structure, and morphology of the samples. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by disc diffusion test against Escherichia coli. Dried methanol‐synthesized ZIF‐8 nanoparticles did not suspend in water; only the ZIF‐8 nanoparticles synthesized with reduced washing times and no drying treatment were resuspended in the water, XG and PL solutions. Instead, the ethanol‐synthesized ZIF‐8 nanoparticles were resuspended in water even after being washed three times and dried in a vacuum oven. SEM and TEM images and XRD patterns showed that alcohol can form well‐defined ZIF‐8 nanoparticles. FTIR spectra showed that ZIF‐8 had typical peaks of ZIF‐8 reported by others. Although particle size increased, the PL coating provided a 32.22% increase in zeta potential of ZIF‐8 nanoparticles from 36.25 to 47.93 mV (p < 0.05) and prevented aggregation and sedimentation of the nanoparticles without changing their morphology. All the tested ZIF‐8 nanoparticles showed antibacterial activity with the PL‐coated ZIF‐8 having the highest effect followed by the ZIF‐8 nanoparticles synthesized in ethanol.
Quality of Popular Online Resources About Vestibular Migraine
Authors: Wei Oren , Krishnan Pavan S. , Chen Jenny X. , Schoo Wesley W. , Carey John P. , Schoo Desi P.
Published: July 2024

Objective

To evaluate the readability, understandability, actionability, and accuracy of online resources covering vestibular migraine (VM).

Study Design

Cross‐sectional descriptive study design.

Setting

Digital collection of websites appearing on Google search.

Methods

Google searches were conducted to identify common online resources for VM. We examined readability using the Flesch Reading Ease (FRE) and Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level scores, understandability and actionability using the Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT), and accuracy by comparing the website contents to the consensus definition of “probable vestibular migraine.”

Results

Eleven of the most popular websites were analyzed. Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level averaged at a 13th‐grade level (range: 9th‐18th). FRE scores averaged 35.5 (range: 9.1‐54.4). No website had a readability grade level at the US Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality recommended 5th‐grade level or an equivalent FRE score of 90 or greater. Understandability scores varied ranging from 49% to 88% (mean 70%). Actionability scores varied more, ranging from 12% to 87% (mean 44%). There was substantial inter‐rater agreement for both PEMAT understandability scoring (mean κ = 0.76, SD = 0.08) and actionability scoring (mean κ = 0.65, SD = 0.08). Three sites included all 3 “probable vestibular migraine” diagnostic criteria as worded in the consensus statement.

Conclusion

The quality of online resources for VM is poor overall in terms of readability, actionability, and agreement with diagnostic criteria.
Quality of life and family functioning 12 months after diagnosis of childhood brain tumour: A longitudinal cohort study
Authors: Young Kate , Ekberg Stuart , Cashion Christine , Hassall Timothy , Bradford Natalie
Published: July 2024

Background

The wellbeing of a child with brain tumour is affected by several factors. We present the first investigation of quality of life and family functioning in a parent and child across the first 12 months after diagnosis, examining potential factors to guide the provision of psychosocial resources to families who most need them.

Procedure

Data were collected from parents/carers in Queensland, Australia, from 2020 to 2023. Child (parent/carer‐proxy reported) and carer quality of life was assessed across three timepoints (repeated measures analysis of variance [ANOVA]) and by five potential co‐variates (mixed between‐within ANOVA). Family functioning was assessed across two timepoints (repeated‐measures t‐test), and by potential co‐variates (repeated measures ANOVA). Univariate relationships were explored with Pearson's correlation coefficient; significant relationships were entered into multiple regression models.

Results

Ninety‐six diverse families were represented. Quality of life (child, carer) and family functioning did not change across time. Children from households with lower income reported worse cognitive difficulties (p = .023) and pain and hurt (p = .013) than those from a higher income. Caregiver quality of life was poorer for those whose child had received chemotherapy and/or radiation, was aged less than 4 years at diagnosis, and had a lower household income. At 12 months, caregiver quality of life was correlated with family functioning (r = −.45, p < .001), with positive adaptation being a significant key predictor (beta = −.66, p < .005).

Conclusions

The following factors indicate a need for increased early psychosocial support: cognitive difficulties, aged <4 years at diagnosis, receiving chemotherapy and/or radiation, and low household income.
The investigation of the mechanical thermal and physical properties of using waste toner/MCC/old newspaper fiber in polypropylene hybrid composites
Authors: Peşman Emrah , Dönmez Çavdar Ayfer , Boran Torun Sevda
Published: July 2024

In this study, the effects of polypropylene (PP) composites produced by adding 10% old newspaper fibers (ONP), 5% microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), 3% polypropylene carbonate (PPC), and waste toner from 1% to 4% on the mechanical properties, physical properties, morphological, and thermal properties were investigated. According to the FTIR‐ATR and SEM‐EDS analysis results, it was determined that a significant part of the waste toner used in the study consisted of polystyrene co‐acrylate, and the remaining part consisted of carbon black and trace amounts of silicate. In the research, it was determined that the flexural and tensile strengths of MCC/ONP/PP composites containing 1% waste toner and 3% PPC increased by 13% and 46%, respectively, compared to the control sample. Additionally, the samples with the lowest water absorption values were measured in composites containing 1% waste toner and 3% PPC. The highest crystallinity value (50.75%) was obtained with the use of 1% waste toner and 3% PPC in MCC/ONP/PP composites. However, with waste toner usage above 1%, the mechanical, thermal properties, and water absorption rate have slightly decreased. As a result of the study, it was concluded that up to 1% waste toner with 3% PPC can be used successfully in MCC/ONP/PP composites.
Rapidly screening of pancreatic lipase inhibitors from Clematis tangutica using affinity ultrafiltration‐HPLC‐QTOFMS technique combined with targeted separation, in vitro validation, and molecular docking
Authors: Wei Yangfei , Chen Tao , Song Hai , Wang Shuo , Shen Cheng , Wang Xiaojun , Li Yulin , Wang Junke
Published: July 2024

Introduction

Screening of novel pancreatic lipase inhibitors from complex natural products is a meaningful task.

Objectives

Through accurately screening and separating pancreatic lipase inhibitors from Clematis tangutica (C. tangutica), to discover new leading compounds for slimming and accelerate the development and utilization of Tibetan medicine resources.

Methods

An integrated strategy that combines affinity ultrafiltration and high‐performance liquid chromatography‐quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (AU‐HPLC‐QTOFMS), targeted separation, in vitro validation, and molecular docking was developed to screen pancreatic lipase inhibitors from C. tangutica. The AU‐HPLC‐QTOFMS technique was performed to fish for the potential active substances. Macroporous resin, preparative liquid chromatography, and high‐speed countercurrent chromatography were implemented for the accurate and targeted separation of active compounds. The inhibitory activities of target compounds to pancreatic lipase were detected by the inhibition experiments in vitro. The binding affinities and binding sites were analyzed using molecular docking.

Results

A total of eleven kinds of pancreatic lipase inhibitory substances were screened from C. tangutica. Seven triterpenoid saponins were screened for the first time as lipase inhibitors and successfully prepared with purities higher than 97%. Tanguticoside B, clematangoticoside J, hederoside H1, and rutin showed stronger inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 1.539 ± 0.048, 1.661 ± 0.092, 1.793 ± 0.069, and 1.792 ± 0.094 mmol/l. Moreover, they have the lowest ΔG values of −10.84, −9.97, −10.87, and −9.39 kcal/mol to pancreatic lipase.

Conclusion

The integrated strategy using AU‐HPLC‐QTOFMS, targeted separation, in vitro validation, and molecular docking was feasible for rapidly screening and directionally isolating pancreatic lipase inhibitors from C. tangutica.
A case with temporal spikes on electroencephalography induced by over 80 sessions of electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Omori Hisaki , Hata Masahiro , Kobayashi Matasaburo , Miyazaki Yuki , Hirashima Atsuya , Takahashi Shun , Ikeda Manabu
Published: July 2024

Background

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is widely recognized as one of the most effective treatments for various psychiatric disorders and is generally considered safe. However, a few reports have mentioned that multiple ECT sessions could induce electroencephalography (EEG) abnormalities and epileptic seizures, a serious side effect of ECT. We experienced a case with EEG abnormalities after multiple ECT sessions and aimed to share our insights on conducting ECT safely.

Case Presentation

We present the case of a 73‐year‐old female diagnosed with major depressive disorder. She underwent regular ECT sessions to alleviate her psychiatric symptoms. However, after more than 80 sessions, previously undetected EEG abnormalities were observed. Since the patient did not have clinical seizures, we were able to continue ECT at longer intervals without the use of antiepileptic drugs.

Conclusion

Our case suggests the importance of routine EEG testing in patients undergoing prolonged ECT. While careful monitoring is necessary, continuing ECT without antiepileptic medication in patients with EEG abnormalities could be permissible.
Preparation, properties, and antibacterial application of dialdehyde carboxymethyl cross‐linked sesbania gum
Authors: Jiang Peilong , Tang Hongbo , Li Yanping , Liu Xiaojun
Published: July 2024

Suitably modified sesbania gum as a biodegradable functional biomaterials was very attractive in many applications. Therefore, a combination of cross‐linking, carboxymethylation, and oxidation was chosen to modify sesbania gum (SG) to expand its use. The experimental results indicated that cross‐linking could be completed not only on SG particles, but also between different SG particles. The cross‐linking decreased the number of surface hydroxyl groups on SG. The sedimentation volume decreased with the increase of phosphorus content of cross‐linked sesbania gum (CLSG). The structure of SG particles was severely disrupted by carboxymethylation and oxidation, while the structure was less affected by cross‐linking. The viscosities of SG and modified SG paste in acidic medium were less than those in neutral medium, while their viscosities in alkaline medium were more than those in neutral medium. Cross‐linking, carboxymethylation, and oxidation could ameliorate the retrogradation of SG, but decrease its swelling power, freeze–thaw stability, acid, and alkaline resistance. The aldehyde groups had good antibacterial activity against Trichoderma harzianum, whereas the carboxymethyl groups and phosphate ester groups showed poor antimicrobial activity against T. harzianum.
Synthesis of a green functional carbon dioxide‐based polycarbonate using bio‐based monomers
Authors: Mao Zhenghao , Wang Wenzhen , Jia Xingang , Liu Yun , Xia Li , Li Leilei , Zhou Li , Liu Xinyi , Chen Huanping , Zheng Xinpeng
Published: July 2024

A PPC‐dodecyl glucoside (PPC‐APG) polymer was synthesized by the terpolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO2), propylene oxide (PO), and the bio‐based monomer APG for the first time. The thermal stability and mechanical properties of PPC‐APG were significantly improved compared with those of conventional polypropylene carbonate (PPC), and its glass transition temperature (Tg) was increased by 14°C compared with that of PPC. The 5% heat loss temperature (Td,−5%) and total heat loss temperature (Td,max) of PPC‐APG were increased by 89.1 and 92.1°C, respectively, compared with those of PPC. The tensile strength of PPC‐APG was increased to 25.6 MPa, its elongation at break was decreased to 125.1%, and its thermal elongation and permanent deformation were reduced to 97.2% and 62.9%, respectively, which improved the processability of the material. In addition, the introduction of bio‐based monomers also rendered PPC‐APG functional, and its surface tension reached a maximum of 61.3 mN/m at a concentration of 0.05 g/mL, with a good degradability. The higher surface tension and enhanced degradability of PPC‐APG indicate its potential for application as a plastic printing substrate.
Post‐discharge sedentary behavior and light‐intensity physical activity‐associated stroke recurrence in patients with minor ischemic stroke: A preliminary retrospective observational study
Authors: Ashizawa Ryota , Honda Hiroya , Take Koki , Yoshizawa Kohei , Kameyama Yuto , Yamashita Shota , Wakabayashi Toshiyuki , Yoshimoto Yoshinobu
Published: July 2024

Background and purpose

Evidence regarding whether reducing sedentary behavior and increasing physical activity levels to prevent stroke recurrence is insufficient. Therefore, this study preliminarily investigated whether post‐discharge sedentary behavior and physical activity levels in patients with minor ischemic stroke were associated with stroke recurrence.

Methods

This retrospective observational study included 73 patients (aged 72.0 years) with minor ischemic stroke from a previous study. The outcome was recurrent stroke 2 years after stroke onset, assessed using medical records. Exposure factors including sedentary behavior and physical activity levels 6 months post‐discharge were measured using accelerometers; patients were classified into the recurrence or non‐recurrence groups. Logistic regression analyses were then conducted to determine whether sedentary behavior and physical activity 6 months after discharge were associated with stroke recurrence.

Results

Six patients experienced stroke recurrence (recurrence rate, 8.2%). The recurrence group showed greater sedentary behavior (recurrence group 68.0%, non‐recurrence group 52.0%, p = 0.007) and less light‐intensity physical activity (LPA) (recurrence group 21.0%, non‐recurrence group 37.0%, p = 0.002) than in the non‐recurrence group. Logistic regression analysis showed that sedentary behavior (odds ratio = 1.083, 95% confidence interval = 1.007–1.165, p = 0.032) and LPA (odds ratio = 0.874, 95% confidence interval = 0.785–0.975, p = 0.015) were independent factors for recurrence of stroke.

Discussion

Post‐discharge sedentary behavior and LPA in patients with minor ischemic stroke were associated with stroke recurrence. Results suggest that reducing post‐discharge sedentary behavior and increasing LPA may be crucial for reducing the risk of stroke recurrence in patients with minor ischemic stroke.
Low‐molecular‐weight gels from amino acid and peptide derivatives for controlled release and delivery
Authors: Giuri Demetra , Cenciarelli Fabia , Tomasini Claudia
Published: July 2024

Low‐molecular‐weight (LMW) gelators are a versatile class of compounds able to self‐assemble and to form supramolecular materials, such as gels. The use of LMW peptides to produce these gels shows many advantages, because of their wide structure tunability, the low‐cost and effective synthesis, and the in vivo biocompatibility and biodegradability, which makes them optimal candidates for release and delivery applications. In addition, in these materials, the binding of the hosts may occur through a variety of noncovalent interactions, which are also the main factors responsible for the self‐assembly of the gelators, and through specific interactions with the fibers or the pores of the gel matrix. This review aims to report LMW gels based on amino acid and peptide derivatives used for the release of many different species (drugs, fragrances, dyes, proteins, and cells) with a focus on the possible strategies to incorporate the cargo in these materials, and to demonstrate how versatile these self‐assembled materials are in several applications.
Bayesian Hierarchical Models for Subgroup Analysis
Authors: Wang Yun , Tu Wenda , Koh William , Travis James , Abugov Robert , Hamilton Kiya , Zheng Mengjie , Crackel Roberto , Bonangelino Pablo , Rothmann Mark
Published: July 2024

In conventional subgroup analyses, subgroup treatment effects are estimated using data from each subgroup separately without considering data from other subgroups in the same study. The subgroup treatment effects estimated this way may be heterogenous with high variability due to small sample sizes in some subgroups and much different from the treatment effect in the overall population. A Bayesian hierarchical model (BHM) can be used to derive more precise, and less heterogenous estimates of subgroup treatment effects that are closer to the treatment effect in the overall population. BHM assumes exchangeability in treatment effect across subgroups after adjusting for effect modifiers and other relevant covariates. In this article, we will discuss the technical details for applying one‐way and multi‐way BHM using summary‐level statistics, and patient‐level data for subgroup analysis. Four case studies based on four new drug applications are used to illustrate the application of these models in subgroup analyses for continuous, dichotomous, time‐to‐event, and count endpoints.
Amino acid‐based biostimulants and microbial biostimulants promote the growth, yield and resilience of strawberries in soilless glasshouse cultivation
Authors: Ranasingha Ruvini , Perera Anya , Baghalian Kambiz , Gerofotis Christos
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The increasing demand for strawberries in the United Kingdom, valued for their flavour, nutrition and economic significance, presents challenges in maintaining consistent production, especially under various biotic and abiotic stress conditions. Traditional reliance on conventional agrochemicals to meet these demands is tempered by concerns about their health and environmental impacts, paving the way for eco‐friendly alternatives, such as biostimulants. However, their efficiency in commercial table‐top systems for June‐bearing and ever‐bearing strawberries under glasshouse conditions remains underexplored.

Materials and methods

This study investigated the efficiency of two commercial biostimulants in enhancing the growth, productivity and resilience of two strawberry varieties: ‘Malling Centenary’ (June‐bearer) and ‘Malling Ace’ (ever‐bearer) strawberry cultivars in a soilless hydroponic system within an unheated glasshouse. ‘Vitalnova Prime’ (VP), an amino acid and peptide‐based biostimulant derived from yeast, was applied every 2 weeks as a foliar spray (1 mL/L), whereas ‘Vitalnova Triboost’ (VT), a microbial inoculant with live cultures, was incorporated into the medium post‐transplanting (500 g/m3).

Results

VP significantly enhanced vegetative growth in both cultivars, resulting in substantial increases in number of leaves, crowns, crown diameter and shoot biomass accumulation compared to the control. VT also effectively improved multiple growth parameters compared to the control. Both biostimulants similarly improved crown formation and shoot dry weight in ‘Malling Centenary’. In terms of yield, both VP and VT increased yield in ‘Malling Ace’; notably, VP significantly enhanced the number of marketable fruits by 55% and average fruit weight by 56% compared to the control. Additionally, both biostimulants significantly reduced the occurrence of diseased fruits in both cultivars.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that biostimulants significantly enhance the growth, yield, and resilience of strawberries in soilless cultivation systems within unheated glasshouses. These findings suggest that biostimulants offer a sustainable and promising approach to addressing the increasing global demand for high‐quality strawberries.
A Functionalized Scaffold Facilitates Neurites Extension for Spinal Cord Injury Therapy
Authors: Huang Tianchen , Mu Jiafu , Wu Jiahe , Cao Jian , Zhang Xunqi , Guo Jing , Zhu Manning , Ma Teng , Jiang Xinchi , Feng Shiqing , Gao Jianqing
Published: July 2024

Scaffolds have garnered considerable attention for enhancing neural repairment for spinal cord injury (SCI) treatment. Both microstructural features and biochemical modifications play pivotal roles in influencing the interaction of cells with the scaffold, thereby affecting tissue regeneration. Here, a scaffold is designed with spiral structure and gradient peptide modification (GS) specifically for SCI treatment. The spiral structure provides crucial support and space, while the gradient peptide isoleucine‐lysine‐valine‐alanine‐valine (IKVAV) modification imparts directional guidance for neuronal and axonal extension. GS scaffold shows a significant nerve extension induction effect through its interlayer gap and gradient peptide density to dorsal root ganglia in vitro, while in vivo studies reveal its substantial promotion for functional recovery and neural repair. Additionally, the GS scaffold displays impressive drug‐loading capacity, mesenchymal stem cell‐derived exosomes can be efficiently loaded into the GS scaffold and delivered to the injury site, thereby synergistically promoting SCI repair. Overall, the GS scaffold can serve as a versatile platform and present a promising multifunctional approach for SCI treatment.
Superlubric Sliding of Graphene Auto‐Kirigami with Interfaces Containing Self‐Assembled Stripe‐Pattern Adsorbates
Authors: Sinnott Pierce C. , Jadidi Majid Fazeli , Sánchez Daniel A. , Yuan Li , Carpick Robert W. , Cross Graham L. W.
Published: July 2024

Van der Waals heterostructures formed by stacked 2D materials show exceptional electronic, mechanical, and optical properties. Superlubricity, a condition where atomically flat, incommensurate planes of atoms result in ultra‐low friction, is a prime example enabling, for example, self‐assembly of optically visible graphene nanostructures in air via a sliding auto‐kirigami process. Here, it is demonstrated that a subtle but ubiquitous adsorbate stripe structure found on graphene and graphitic surfaces in ambient conditions remains stable within the interface between twisted graphene layers as they slide over each other. Despite this contamination, the interface retains an exceptional superlubricious state with an estimated upper bound frictional shear strength of 10 kPa, indicating that direct atomic incommensurate contact is not required to achieve ambient superlubricity for 2D materials. The results suggest that any phenomena depending on 2D heterostructure interfaces such as exotic electronic behavior may need to consider the presence of stripe adsorbate structures that remain intercalated.
Nanoscale Metal–Organic Frameworks as a Photoluminescent Platform for Bioimaging and Biosensing Applications
Authors: Gong Lingshan , Chen Lixiang , Lin Quanjie , Wang Lihua , Zhang Zhangjing , Ye Yingxiang , Chen Banglin
Published: July 2024

The tracking of nanomedicines in their concentration and location inside living systems has a pivotal effect on the understanding of the biological processes, early‐stage diagnosis, and therapeutic monitoring of diseases. Nanoscale metal–organic frameworks (nano MOFs) possess high surface areas, definite structure, regulated optical properties, rich functionalized sites, and good biocompatibility that allow them to excel in a wide range of biomedical applications. Controllable syntheses and functionalization endow nano MOFs with better properties as imaging agents and sensing units for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. This minireview summarizes the tunable synthesis strategies of nano MOFs with controllable size, shape, and regulated luminescent performance, and pinpoints their recent advanced applications as optical elements in bioimaging and biosensing. The current limitations and future development directions of nano MOF‐contained materials in bioimaging and biosensing applications are also discussed, aiming to expand the biological applications of nano MOF‐based nanomedicine and facilitate their production or clinical translation.
Multi‐Colored Aqueous Ink for Rewritable Paper
Authors: Das Nikita , Maity Chandan
Published: July 2024

As sustainable and eco‐friendly replacements to conventional paper, rewritable paper is a very attractive alternative for communication, information circulation, and storage. Development is made for rewritable paper using chromogenic materials that change its color in presence of external stimuli. However, the new techniques have faced several major challenges including feasible operational method, eco‐friendly approach. Herein, a simple, convenient, and eco‐friendly strategy is described for the preparation of rewritable paper substrate, and multi colored ink for efficient use in writing, painting or printing purpose. In addition, writing with “invisible ink” on the rewritable paper can be realized for potential anti‐counterfeiting application. The written, painted, or printed information on the paper substrate can be easily erased using an aqueous solution. Thus, the original paper can be retrieved and the paper substrate can be reused multiple times. Besides, the written or printed information can be retained for a prolonged time at ambient conditions. Overall, this approach shows the rewritable paper as a prototype of multicolor writing/painting application, offering a sustainable solution for reducing paper waste and promoting environmental stewardship.
Amino‐Induced Modulation of Electronic State and Neighboring Site Distance through Second Shell Boosted Catecholase‐Mimicking Activity of Electron‐Rich Cu Center
Authors: Yuan Meng , Xia Nannan , Hu Xun , He Fei
Published: July 2024

Boosting the biomimetic catalytic activity of nanozyme is important for its potential application. One common strategy to achieve this goal mainly focused on manipulating the electronic state of metal site through the first coordination shell to modulate the adsorption/desorption strength of related reactant, intermediate and/or product, but remained challenging. Taking Cu‐based catecholase‐mimicking nanozyme for example, this work herein reports a different strategy involving amino‐induced modulation of electronic state through the second shell to raise the electron density of Cu site, which further triggers the repulsion effect between neighboring geminal Cu centers to increase the Cu─Cu distance. The resulting nanozyme with electron‐rich Cu site (DT‐Cu) presents a lower work function and an upshifted d‐band center in comparison with its counterpart (i.e., relatively electron‐deficient TA‐Cu), which promotes the electron transfer and enhances the adsorption strengths of Cu site for O2, catechol and H2O2 intermediate. The longer Cu─Cu distance of DT‐Cu accelerated the O─O bond dissociation of H2O2 intermediate. This expedites the oxygen reduction process during catecholase‐like catalysis, which together with the enhanced O2/H2O2/catechol adsorption corporately boosts the catecholase‐like activity of DT‐Cu.
Mechanoactivation of Single Stem Cells in Microgels Using a 3D‐Printed Stimulation Device
Authors: İyisan Nergishan , Hausdörfer Oliver , Wang Chen , Hiendlmeier Lukas , Harder Philipp , Wolfrum Bernhard , Özkale Berna
Published: July 2024

In this study, the novel 3D‐printed pressure chamber for encapsulated single‐cell stimulation (3D‐PRESS) platform is introduced for the mechanical stimulation of single stem cells in 3D microgels. The custom‐designed 3D‐PRESS, allows precise pressure application up to 400 kPa at the single‐cell level. Microfluidics is employed to encapsulate single mesenchymal stem cells within ionically cross‐linked alginate microgels with cell adhesion RGD peptides. Rigorous testing affirms the leak‐proof performance of the 3D‐PRESS device up to 400 kPa, which is fully biocompatible. 3D‐PRESS is implemented on mesenchymal stem cells for mechanotransduction studies, by specifically targeting intracellular calcium signaling and the nuclear translocation of a mechanically sensitive transcription factor. Applying 200 kPa pressure on individually encapsulated stem cells reveals heightened calcium signaling in 3D microgels compared to conventional 2D culture. Similarly, Yes‐associated protein (YAP) translocation into the nucleus occurs at 200 kPa in 3D microgels with cell‐binding RGD peptides unveiling the involvement of integrin‐mediated mechanotransduction in singly encapsulated stem cells in 3D microgels. Combining live‐cell imaging with precise mechanical control, the 3D‐PRESS platform emerges as a versatile tool for exploring cellular responses to pressure stimuli, applicable to various cell types, providing novel insights into single‐cell mechanobiology.
Spinal cord nephroblastoma in a Chihuahua
Authors: Benítez Marín Javier , Martínez Martínez Jorge , Carlos Serra Juan , García de Carellan Mateo Alejandra , Ros Alemany Carlos
Published: July 2024

A 2‐year‐old, male, neutered chihuahua was referred to the neurology service with a 3‐week history of progressive weakness of both pelvic limbs. A myelo‐computed tomography and high field magnetic resonance imaging of the thoracolumbar vertebral column identified a large, focal, intradural‐extramedullary mass in the T12–L1 region of the vertebral canal. Histopathological analysis was compatible with a spinal cord nephroblastoma. The dog was treated with toceranib, but was euthanased due to lack of improvement. To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of a spinal cord nephroblastoma in a chihuahua and the first report that describes the use of toceranib for this tumour type.
Disseminated abdominal actinomycosis with urinary tract involvement in a dog
Authors: Chrysovergi Eirini , Broadbridge Catherine , Murtagh Kevin
Published: July 2024

A 2.5‐year‐old, female, neutered, Shih Tzu presented with a 4‐month history of pollakiuria, abdominal pain and lethargy. Physical examination identified abdominal discomfort and multiple palpable abdominal masses. Abdominal computed tomography confirmed multifocal masses, one of which was adhered to the urinary bladder wall, while another was causing right‐sided ureteral obstruction and hydronephrosis. The dog underwent exploratory laparotomy to perform partial excision of some of the masses and also to acquire samples for histopathology and culture. Histopathology documented severe pyogranulomatous peritonitis and steatitis, while tissue culture yielded Actinomyces viscosus. The dog was treated with amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, based on culture and sensitivity testing, for 7 consecutive months, 1 month beyond resolution of ultrasonographic evidence of disease. There were no signs of relapse 6 months after discontinuation of treatment. This is a unique case report of canine disseminated abdominal actinomycosis demonstrating successful long‐term management following treatment with surgery and antimicrobial therapy.
Introduction: A Masterclass in Dealing with Passive Aggressive Behaviour
Authors: Lopes Carlos
Published: July 2024

In the lead-up to the 31st AU Summit in Nouakchott in July 2018, an unexpected honour came my way. The then AU Commission President, Faki Mahamat, approached me with a proposition that surprised me: the opportunity to guide AU’s efforts in EU-ACP agreements post-2020. These discussions eventually led to an invitation to address the African Heads of State on this topic directly. As I stood before the Heads of State, my message was simple: there was a need to acknowledge the diverse pathways inherent in the European-African relations. While the ACP grouping covered many African States, it might not be the most suitable conduit for fostering a structural partnership with Europe. Subsequent developments proved me right.