bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study to determine the epidemiology of treatment-resistant depression among the Saudi Arabian population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alshehri Abdullah S. , Algarni Abdullah M. , Almahdi Hussein Ahmed M. , Asiri Abdulkhaliq Hadi H. , Asiri Hassan Yahya M. , Alsulami Ahmad Abdullah H. , Alasiri Hassan Ahmed A. , Hassan Nawaf Khalid A.
Published: January 2024

BACKGROUND:

Depression is a common mental health disorder that affects millions of people worldwide. Globally, major depressive disorder (MDD) is a public health concern; nearly, it affects more than 300 million people. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown, travel restrictions, social distancing, and COVID-19 vaccine acceptance have aggravated psychological disorders, such as depression and suicidal tendencies. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) is typically defined as a lack of response to at least two different antidepressant medications or psychotherapies. TRD is common and has been associated with higher comorbidities and prolonged duration of illness, leading to a substantial medical and economic burden.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the epidemiology and estimate the prevalence of TRD in Abha City, Assir Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The study includes adult patients who were attended to the psychiatry department and aged 18–65 years diagnosed with major depressive depression. A total of 651 study participants were recruited.

RESULTS:

Of the total 651 depressive disorder cases, 134 (20.6%) were reported as TRD and the remaining 517 (79.4%) were nontreatment-resistant depressive cases. Of the 651 depression participants, 176 (27%) were males and 475 (73%) were females. More than one-quarter (180 (28%)) had been associated with chronic morbidity. One-tenth of the depressive patients were suffering from thyroid disorders, followed by hypertension (10%), autoimmune diseases (10%), and diabetes mellitus (8%).

CONCLUSIONS:

TRD emerged as a threat to public health and challenging psychiatric care providers, and further innovative techniques and effective newer drugs to treat depression need to be researched. The treatment complaint mechanism is warranted, encouraging people to get treatment from the psychiatrist by removing the stigma of mental illness, which is needed to improve the quality of life of TRD patients.
¿infeliz? matrimonio entre feminismo y sindicalismo. Reflexiones en torno a los estudios internacionales
Authors: Estermann Victoria
Published: January 2024

A lo largo del desarrollo del pensamiento feminista, una temática que recurrentemente suele aparecer es la de la relación entre trabajo asalariado y trabajo doméstico, sus tensiones y desigualdades. Por otro lado, las transformaciones ocurridas en la composición del mercado de trabajo desde los setenta, así como su correlato en las herramientas de organización de los trabajadores en los países centrales, generaron una efervescencia de las reflexiones en torno a las estrategias sindicales, que incluían ―en muchos casos― la situación de las mujeres. En este trabajo nos proponemos rescatar las discusiones que se dieron en los estudios internacionales (fundamentalmente británicos y franceses) en torno a las transformaciones al interior de los sindicatos y los vínculos entre feminismo y sindicalismo a fines del siglo XX, para poder reflexionar en torno a las problemáticas que enfrentamos de este lado del globo y las especificidades que presenta la experiencia local.En un primer momento, se aborda la visión institucionalista, representada en la propuesta británica, y en un segundo momento, la perspectiva de las relaciones sociales estructurales de sexo a través de la obra de Margaret Maruani. Este desarrollo teórico nos permitirá finalizar con una breve reflexión en torno a los procesos locales, fundamentalmente a partir del inicio del nuevo ciclo de movilizaciones feministas en Argentina en 2015 y los paros internacionales de mujeres posteriores.
Inclusión educativa del Sordo: panorama en México y Veracruz
Authors: Martínez-Olvera Waltraud , González-Miy Darlene , Moreno-Vite Itzel , Martínez-Cervantes Yolanda
Published: January 2024

La Convención Internacional sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad (PCD) representa un cambio de paradigma en la forma de concebir a las personas en dicha situación. En línea con los tratados internacionales, la legislación en México ha avanzado para garantizar la incorporación de los derechos humanos en el ámbito educativo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la inclusión educativa del Sordo desde el marco normativo sobre los derechos y su operatividad en las instituciones de gobierno, y conocer la localización geográfica de la población sorda en Veracruz, así como su condición de inclusión educativa. Desde un enfoque cualitativo, la metodología consistió en una revisión documental desde el contexto histórico social y la normativa actual en México, y un estudio de caso integrado con la recolección de testimonios del funcionariado público que atiende población con discapacidad en el Estado de Veracruz. Los hallazgos muestran un marcado contraste entre la norma y su aplicabilidad, así como los obstáculos en la apropiación del enfoque de inclusión. Finalmente, se plantean acciones tendientes a construir capacidades institucionales para la atención a la población sorda.
casa como laboratorio
Authors: Sánchez-Cuevas Alejandra
Published: January 2024

Esta publicación de CLACSO en conjunto con la editorial Tinta Limón y la Fundación Rosa Luxemburgo tiene por autoras a Verónica Gago y Luci Cavallero, investigadoras y coordinadoras del colectivo interdisciplinario de investigación acción en economía feminista (GIIF) del Instituto de investigaciones de estudios de género de la Universidad de Buenos Aires.A modo de contextualización, nos parece relevante mencionar que las autoras de este libro portan una trayectoria de investigación feminista y militante; a partir de dicho posicionamiento, identificaron el fenómeno del endeudamiento como un ámbito a ser estudiado en clave feminista, el cual abordaron desde su activa participación en el colectivo NiunaMenos de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, Argentina. En este sentido, destacamos la contribución realizada por las autoras al dar cuenta de …
Hellinger distance estimation for nonregular spectra
Authors: Taniguchi Masanobu , Xue Yujie
Published: January 2024

Для стационарного гауссовского процесса выводится расстояние Хеллингера $T(f,g)$ между спектральными плотностями $f$ и $g$. Оценивая $T(f_\theta,f_{\theta+h})$ как $O(h^\alpha)$, мы выводим $1/\alpha$-состоятельную асимптотику оценки максимального правдоподобия для $\theta$ в случае нерегулярных спектральных плотностей. В случае же регулярных спектральных плотностей мы вводим оценку, основанную на минимизации расстояния Хеллингера: $\widehat{\theta}=\operatorname{arg}\min_\theta T(f_\theta,\widehat{g}_n)$, где $\widehat{g}_n$ - непараметрическая оценка спектральной плотности. Мы показываем, что оценка $\widehat\theta$ является асимптотически эффективной и более робастной, чем оценка Уиттла. Представлены также некоторые численные исследования.
Control Law for Fast, Non-Ringing Transients for Direct Injector
Needle Actuators and Other Dynamic Systems
Authors: Bright Charles B.
Published: January 2024

This paper discloses the simultaneous and interdependent development of an
actuator and its novel control law. Magnetostrictive alloy terfenol-d offers
high energy density. When packaged properly, quantum mechanics within terfenol-d
maintains its performance. The novel control law tames and directs its untapped
potential. Therefore, terfenol-d can provide lifetime direct operation of the
needle in an injector for a compression-ignition engine, potentially improving
emissions, efficiency, fuel flexibility, and combustion noise.

The novel control law yields a custom forcing function for desired boundary
conditions such as either non-ringing or deliberately ringing transients for
this actuator as well as other non-magnetostrictive dynamic systems. The two key
characteristics that enable such a custom forcing function are to (1) use the
Bright Principle of modeling all energy terms and (2) setting up a specific
polynomial to solve for the desired boundary conditions for a particular dynamic
system.

Test data from an actuator aided the development of this general and flexible
control law. Implementing the control law, a computer predicts the necessary
voltage with respect to time to achieve a set displacement within a defined
transient time. A difference in frequency content appears between fast Fourier
transform (FFT) spectra of non-ringing followed by deliberately ringing
displacement data.
Effectiveness of Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Jute Fibers
under Different Chemical Treatment for Automotive Interior Trim
Authors: Malladi Avinash , Kaliappan Seeniappan , Natrayan L. , Mahesh V.
Published: January 2024

In the quest for sustainable materials for automotive interior trim, jute fiber
is gaining traction due to its characteristics, which align with other renowned
natural fibers. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of sodium bicarbonate as
a treatment for jute fibers in comparison to conventional alkaline treatments.
Both treated and untreated fibers were examined. Results showed that
alkali-processed fibers demonstrated enhanced crystallization, thermal
resistance, and surface quality relative to untreated ones. Specifically,
alkali-treated jute fibers exhibited a degradation onset at 261.23°C, while
those treated with sodium bicarbonate began degrading at 246.32°C. Untreated
fibers had a degradation onset at 239.25°C. Although both treatments improved
the thermal stability of the fiber, sodium bicarbonate processing, while
beneficial, was slightly less effective than the traditional alkaline method.
Overall, the research underscores the potential of sodium bicarbonate as an
alternative treatment for fibrous materials, even if its efficacy is somewhat
lesser than traditional methods. The findings offer insights into optimizing
jute fiber for automotive interior trim applications.
Diagonal F-splitting and Symbolic Powers of Ideals
Authors: Smolkin Daniel
Published: January 2024

Let $J$ be any ideal in a strongly $F$-regular, diagonally $F$-split ring $R$ essentially of finite type over an $F$-finite field. We show that $J^{s+t} \subseteq \tau(J^{s - \epsilon}) \tau(J^{t-\epsilon})$ for all $s, t, \epsilon > 0$ for which the formula makes sense. We use this to show a number of novel containments between symbolic and ordinary powers of prime ideals in this setting, which includes all determinantal rings and a large class of toric rings in positive characteristic. In particular, we show that $P^{(2hn)} \subseteq P^n$ for all prime ideals $P$ of height $h$ in such rings.

Comment: Copy edited and formatted in the EpiGA journal's stylesheet
RECURSOS MULTIMÍDIAS PARA A EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Santos Silvana Maria Aparecida Viana , Bueno Andréia , Ferreira Debora Cristina Domingos , Viana Evany Pereira , Laet Lucas Estevão Fernandes
Published: January 2024

A multimídia representa uma tecnologia empregada na criação de softwares. Essa tecnologia possibilita combinar de maneira lógica e interativa diversos componentes comunicacionais, incluindo sons, imagens, textos e animações. O objetivo deste estudo foidescrever sobre o uso de recursos multímida para uma Instituição Educacionalpor meio de uma revisão teórica qualitativa. Este trabalho adotou-se método de pesquisa bibliográfica, com o o objetivo de aprimorar conhecimento por meio de visões de diversos autores e documentos, além de expor os resultados dessa pesquisa.O ensino com auxílio de material multimídia tem demonstrado muita eficiência na aprendizagem das disciplinas ministradas.Conforme se considera a recomendação da implementação de recursos multímidia em uma Instituição que tem como público estudantes do ensino médio e universitário, com uma diversidade ampla em termos de habilidades, interesses e necessidades, propõe-se a utilização dos seguintes recursos multimídia, no âmbito do ensino: realidade virtual e aumentada, plataformas de aprendizagem adaptativa e podcasts educativosConclui-se quea incorporação de tais ferramentas potencializa o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e contribui significativamente para a realização da missão da instituição. Em suma, o investimento e a implementação de recursos multimídia em ambientes educacionais revelam-se essenciais para atender à diversidade de estudantes do ensino médio e universitário, pavimentando o caminho para uma educação do século XXI mais integrada, acessível e eficaz.
CURRÍCULO ESCOLAR E TECNOLOGIA
Authors: Cruz Kesia Nascimento da , Angelim Francisco Marlos Carneiro , Machado João Carlos , Martins Paula Welliana Araujo , Souza Valéria Costa
Published: January 2024

As tecnologias se fazem cada vez mais presentes em diversos setores da sociedade contemporânea, não sendo diferente na educação. Nesse sentido, torna-se difícil pensar a educação hoje sem mencionar as tecnologias, pois elas já ultrapassaram os muros das escolas e se fazem presentes no cotidiano de alunos e professores. Diante desse novo contexto, o presente estudo originou-se do interesse em compreender a importância de se pensar em um currículo escolar que favoreça as novas demandas educacionais da sociedade contemporânea. Diante dessa indagação a pesquisa teve como objetivo mostrar que as tecnologias da Informação e comunicação (TIC) se tornaram ferramentas indispensáveis no processo de ensino aprendizagem. Propôs-se neste trabalho uma pesquisa bibliográfica que buscará entender o papel das TICs na inovação das aulas, e a relevância dessa tecnologia estar descrita no currículo escolar. As análises se pautarão na leitura de estudiosos que tratam sobre a importância da inserção da tecnologia no cenário educacional, além de teses e/ou dissertações que tratam sobre a temática. Os mecanismos de busca que portassem informações científicas a respeito do assunto foram: Livros físicos e digitais; Google Acadêmico e Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO). Tendo em vista a discussão acerca a necessidade de inovação tecnológica na educação o estudo apresentou uma proposta inovadora implantada no currículo das escolas públicas de São Paulo. O estudo também trouxe assuntos referentes à importância da atualização do professor frente a essas inovações, destacando a importância do seu papel na mediação, seleção e condução das informações que chegam até o aluno.
ANALYSIS OF RISK MANAGEMENT IN BUILDING WORKERS AT SMAN 5 BRAWIJAYA KEDIRI
Authors: Setiawan Endik , Witjaksana Budi , TJendani Hanie Teki
Published: January 2024

Construction projects are a job sector that has level risks and work accident, this is caused consequence low awareness to application Occupational Safety and Health (K3) and in accordance with the regulations applicable legislation. Often application of K3 to a construction project considered only as a cost expense, not as an investment to prevent happen work accidents but can give level loss of the construction project. Kediri is city biggest third in East Java province after Surabaya and Malang according to population. Kediri City is city the oldest in East Java. SMAN 5 Taruna Brawijaya Kediri, East Java was built with the aim of support teaching and learning activities. Results of the analysis it can be categorized Work accidents among construction workers at SMAN 5 Brawijaya Kediri. Indiscipline workforce , Do not have standardization of good and clear K3 implementation, Refuse recommendation use of personal safety equipment , No evaluation system regarding the implementation of work in implementing K3, and unclear division of tasks in formation organization so it is not clear how to implement it .
Validity and reliability of two core temperature measurement techniques during physical exercise in the heat: CORE SENSOR and EXERGEN TAT-5000
Authors:   , Januário William Martins
Published: January 2024

Methods: Eight men and eight women, regular cyclists (Age: 33.9±8 years; VO2max: 53.6±7.0 mL.kg−1.min−1) underwent two similar cycling trials in a controlled environment at 32°C, relative humidity 60%. The protocol consisted of an initial 10-minute rest, followed by an exercise protocol (60 minutes) in a hot environment, comprising 10 minutes at 20% of maximal aerobic power, 25 minutes at 55%, and 25 minutes at 75%, with an additional 25 minutes of post-exercise recovery. Core temperature was recorded simultaneously every minute using a gastrointestinal capsule (TCAPSULE) and the CORE Sensor (TCORE). Bland–Altman analysis was performed to calculate bias, upper (LCS) and lower (LCI) concordance limits, and the 95% confidence interval (CI95%). The maximum acceptable difference between the two devices was ±0.4°C. A mixed linear model was used to model the paired differences between the two measurement systems, considering the subjects, reliability and environmental conditions as random effects and the activities as a fixed effect. Results: The CORE Sensor recorded an ICC value of 0.98. A non-significant bias value of 0.01, LCS of 0.38°C, LCI of -0.35°C and 95% CI of ±0.36°C were found. The Exergen TAT-5000 recorded an ICC value of 0.90. A significant bias value of -0.59, LCS of 0.82°C, LCI of -2.05°C and 95% CI of ±1.44°C were found. Conclusion: Compared to TCAPSULE, the CORE Sensor was considered valid and reliable in estimating core temperature during cycling exercise in a hot environment. Compared to TCAPSULE, the Exergen TAT-5000 was considered reliable but invalid in estimating core temperature during cycling exercise in a hot environment.KEYWORDS Body Temperature; Cycling Exercise; Heat Wave; Thermometers; Heat Illnesses.
Impact of Monetary Policy Rate on Conventional and Islamic Banking
Authors: Badar Munib
Published: January 2024

Purpose: This study examine the role of banking portfolios based on religious philosophy i.e. Islamic banks in comparison of conventional banks of Pakistan to determine whether both of the portfolios of Islamic and conventional banks absorbs monetary policy shocks on the basis of bank specific religious philosophy.

Methodology: The study collected quarterly data from 2005 to 2018 from the official sources of the central bank of Pakistan i.e. State Bank of Pakistan and tested by using econometric techniques. The variables include proxy of central bank Policy Rate, Gross Domestic Product and banking portfolios.

Findings: The outcome of the study reveals that Islamic philosophy of banks do not contribute significantly in varying effects of monetary policy.

Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The government may develop a dual monetary system and introduce pricing mechanisms for Islamic banks separately by introducing sharia-compliant monetary policy instruments to enhance Islamic share in the overall financial plan. Further, a limited number of Sharia advisors who are simultaneously equipped with financial knowledge in another handicap in sharia-compliant product development.
Adrenaline bij de behandeling van anafylaxie: hard voor het hart
Authors: Soetaert S. , Smets C.
Published: January 2024

Adrenaline in the treatment of anaphylaxis: hard for the heart

The cornerstone of the treatment of anaphylaxis is adrenaline. The European Resuscitation Council recommends rapid administration by intramuscular route. In addition to acting as a catecholamine on alpha-1, beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors, it also reduces mediator release from mast cells, decreases obstructive respiratory symptoms and prevents cardiovascular collapse.

Serious adverse effects of adrenaline when used in the treatment of anaphylaxis are rare, but can be life-threatening. This case describes a stress-induced (Takotsubo) cardiomyopathy after the erroneous administration of adrenaline via intravenous route instead of intramuscularly in a patient with anaphylaxis.

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy is seen in situations of acute stress or intense emotion, mainly in middle-aged women. Clinically, this disease resembles an acute coronary syndrome with an increase in cardiac markers, changes on the electrocardiography (ECG) and reversible left ventricular dysfunction. On a coronarography, however, the coronary arteries are shown to be patent. The exact aetiology is still uncertain.

The patient in this case study underwent cardiac catheterisation to rule out primary coronary artery damage and subsequently received a drug treatment with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and a low-dose beta blocker, in combination with a cardiac rehabilitation programme. The follow-up via a transthoracic echocardiography 1 month later showed a complete recovery of the left ventricular function.
The Applications of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) in Teaching Medical and Dentistry Students: A Review on Advantages and Disadvantages
Authors: Mohamad Zainal Nurul Hayati , Wahid Hanan Hamimi , Mahmud Melati , Mohd Zahari Hafizul Izwan , Omar Norsuhana , Mohd Rasoul Asfizahrasby , Abdul Salim Noor Hafizah
Published: January 2024

An interactive three-dimensional (3D) experience known as augmented reality (AR) employs computers to superimpose virtual data over the real world. Virtual reality (VR) is the artificial computer reconstruction of a real-life environment or experience. In the last decade, academic medical and dental institutions have witnessed the emergence of teaching technologies created using extended reality technology, such as AR and VR. It has been suggested that these technological advancements might support and further improve the medical and dentistry student teaching process. However, some medical and dentistry educationists are still sceptical about the usage of these technologies. This is because, throughout the centuries, the students in both fields were trained via established conventional methods. The purpose of this paper is to understand the benefit and impediments use of both technologies. We aim to review the advantages and disadvantages of AR and VR applications in the teaching process of medical and dentistry students.
Gadamer y los pasados posibles:
Authors: Oñate Teresa
Published: January 2024

Se trata de investigar en Gadamer el vínculo entre el culto a los muertos, los pasados posibles, las tradiciones abiertas, y el criterio hermenéutico. Para ello se procede atendiendo a la aplicación de tales vectores a la filosofía de la historia, la historia de la filosofía y la nueva koiné hermenéutica actual. Desde tal perspectiva, nuestra investigación profundiza, sobre todo en Verdad y Método, en la reinterpretación de las raíces helénicas de la verdad ontológica (alétheia) y del lenguaje conectivo (lógos), que son propios del tiempo-espacio hermenéutico y su futuro anterior.
Policies and Strategies to Improve Education in India
Authors: Shivam Rambihari Pandey  , Vidhya Prakash Pandey
Published: January 2024

Education in India is one of the basic requirements for everyone considering the idea that the country has a high number of uneducated individuals. The research herein focuses on examining and analyzing the strategies and policies that India uses to ensure it enhances the education in the country’s schools. The theory adopted is the accountability theory, to show how the government of India is trying to take measures to improve education. A thorough literature review explains what happens, which in turn justifies the policies and strategies presented there. A brief conclusion and recommendations follow
CLASIFICACIÓN DE CONTAMINANTES Y SU IMPACTO EN LA CALIDAD DEL AGUA DEL RÍO LA VILLA
Authors: Camarena Félix , Castro Jheferson , Calderón Ricardo , Valdés Benedicto
Published: January 2024

Se clasifico y cuantificó los desechos sólidos antropogénicos en los puntos balneario Los Olivos y puente río La Villa. Se utilizó la técnica de lista de cotejo para clasificar y cuantificar los desechos en el área de estudio. Se realizó muestreos cada quince días por un período de cuatros meses durante la temporada seca 2023. Además, se determinó la calidad sanitaria del agua del rio La Villa en los dos sitios de estudio mediante los indicadores de contaminación coliformes fecales y totales. Los resultados indican que el desecho más abundante corresponde restos de alimentos y las bolsas plásticas, botellas plásticas. Se encontraron valores de coliformes fecales que superan el valor máximo permitido para aguas con fines recreativos, asimismo se reporta un incremento de coliformes en temporada lluviosa en comparación con lo reportado en temporada seca. Los desechos sólidos de origen antropogénico encontrados nos indican que población hace una disposición inadecuada de sus desechos lo que afecta la calidad de este efluente, así como los servicios ecosistémicos que brinda. Por lo antes descrito concientizar a la población del área es necesario para tener un río La Villa con menos contaminación y se minimice las afectaciones a la calidad de sus aguas.
Scleroderma-overlap syndromes: capillaroscopy, laboratory, and clinical manifestations and follow-up compared to scleroderma patients
Authors: Shenavandeh Saeedeh , Azariyon Zahra , Nazarinia MohammadAli
Published: January 2024

Introduction

Overlap syndrome (OS) is a group of systemic connective tissue diseases (CTDs) that meet the criteria of two or more CTDs. In this study, we evaluated clinical, laboratory, and capillaroscopic manifestations of patients with scleroderma OS (SSc-OS) and its subgroups and follow-up progression compared to patients with limited SSc (LcSSc).

Material and methods

In a 10-year cross-sectional study, we evaluated 135 adult patients (70 with SSc-OS and 65 with LcSSc) with the same skin score for their baseline and follow-up clinical, laboratory, high-resolution chest tomography (HRCT), echocardiography, and nailfold capillaroscopy data and compared them.

Results

Of the 135 patients, 70 had SSc-OS, including 45 (64.3%) cases of SSc-SS (Sjögren’s syndrome), 11 (15.7%) of SSc-RA (rheumatoid arthritis), 9 (12.9%) of SSc-myositis and 5 (1.7%) of SSc-SLE (systemic lupus erythematosus), and 65 had LcSSc. Lung and heart involvement and pulmonary arterial hyper-tension (PAH) did not differ between the two groups (p > 0.05). Musculoskeletal involvement and non-specific pattern of capillaroscopy were higher (p = 0.035 and p = 0.001), and digital ulcer (DU) and scleroderma patterns of capillaroscopy were lower in the SSc-OS group (p = 0.000).
No significant relationship was found between capillaroscopic patterns and organ involvement in the two groups (p-value > 0.05). In the follow-up (3.71 ±2.63 years), new DU and progression of lung involvement (p = 0.002) and the progression in capillaroscopic patterns was lower in SSc-OS (p = 0.000). In the follow-up, new DU was not seen in the SSc-OS, with lower progression of lung involvement, skin score, and capillary damage.

Conclusions

In SSc-OS patients, the most common subgroup was SSc-SS. Scleroderma OS was associated with lower major organ involvement and capillaroscopy progression than LcSSc. Major organ involvement in patients with SSc-OS was significantly lower than in LcSSc patients. In the follow-up, new DU was not seen in the SSc-OS with lower progression of lung involvement, skin score, and capillary damage.
A REFLECTIVE STUDY ON SEXUAL EDUCATION AS AN INTEGRAL ELEMENT OF DAILY SCHOOL LIFE
Authors: Barbosa de Sousa Júnior José
Published: January 2024

This article presents a reflective analysis of sexual education as an essential component of everyday school life. Exploring the integration of sexual education into the daily practices of the school through a qualitative and exploratory approach, utilizing specialized literature in the virtual environment, the research examines the importance and impact of this approach on students' development. The study aims to highlight different perspectives on sexual education, emphasizing the need for a reflective and inclusive approach. By addressing the relevance of sexual education in the school context, the study seeks to identify educators' approaches to sexual education, assessing whether or not this topic is being incorporated. Additionally, it aims to understand the perspectives of students and their parents regarding this type of education, contributing to a better understanding of how this dimension can enrich the educational experience and promote a school environment that is more informed, healthy, and supportive of diversity.
TEACHING-LEARNING CHALLENGES IN THE PANDEMIC IN THE EARLY YEARS OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL
Authors: Cristina da Silva Isabel , Natália da Silva Alcântara Francisca
Published: January 2024

The objective of this article was to analyze through the literature review the difficulties encountered during the pandemic in teaching and learning in the early years of elementary school. The research is a bibliographic review of a qualitative nature. It was carried out in the databases: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) Capes and government portals. The criteria used for data collection were inclusion, periods or publications that approach: education as an essential right for children, the importance of the school community in the epidemiological crisis scenario and the teaching strategies used to overcome the crisis moment in Brazil. And the exclusion criteria: content not relevant to the theme, publications in a foreign language, incomplete or not referenced. It was found that there are many and varied challenges faced by students, the family, especially for teachers in emergency remote teaching. The strategies used by educators, despite the limitations, were imposed for the growth of students in the early years of elementary school. While the family also helped in this learning process, amid difficulties such as lack of resources to have access to technologies and lack of preparation in monitoring school activities, they made an effort to follow the teacher's guidelines in order to continue. the education of their children. Therefore, it was observed that teachers must be properly qualified to use digital communication technologies. Remote teaching during the pandemic brought together students, teachers and families through digital platforms, making it clear, the importance of this bond in the emotional, cultural and social development of the child as a critical and active being in society.
Southern Civilization
Authors: Wilson Charles Reagan
Published: January 2024

This chapter traces how “southern” and “civilization” became linked as the initial conceptualization of the American South. It examines the European origins of images of the South, identifies the colonial expressions of civilization, and shows how a historical figure such as Thomas Jefferson shaped ideas about the “South.” White southerners created a regional identity in opposition to Native Americans, enslaved Africans, and northerners. The plantation became the symbol of a distinctive South with the ideas associated with a southern creed and a regional civil religion that ennobled the South. The defense of slavery was a response to northern abolitionist attacks on the institution. The Confederacy was a failed attempt at political independence, and the Reconstruction period afterwards asserted white southerners’ willingness to use violence to defend the racism at the heart of the southern civilization concept.
Agrarian Way
Authors: Wilson Charles Reagan
Published: January 2024

This chapter analyses the crisis in civilization after World War I and the emergence of new ideas about culture, stressing that it was a set of traits and practices that people created to adapt to the environments in which they lived. Cultural issues became defining ones for the southern way of life. Commentators who referred to that concept in the decades after 1920 assumed the South was a self-sufficient entity, marked by such concerns as agrarianism, white supremacy, leisure, manners, and spirituality. The chapter argues that the Vanderbilt Agrarians were among the first writers to use the phrase and concept “way of life.” They were modernist writers, poets, historians, and others who rejected the stale verities of the region’s Lost Cause memory of the Confederacy and its New South materialism. Above all, they dismissed the industrial and commercial values they identified as the American Way of Life. They ignored race as a category of southern life, with a focus on tradition that would endure in conservative thought. Agrarian writers stressed what they saw as the moral and spiritual superiority of the South, and they kept alive the image of the region as an organic, white-dominated, pastoral, and paternalistic culture. African American criticized their concept and asserted their long role in southern life.
Searching for the Southern Way in a Time of Transition
Authors: Wilson Charles Reagan
Published: January 2024

This chapter explores efforts to understand a southern way of life in the 1930s and 1940s, including a liberal reformism associated with the New Deal and the journalists, academics, and creative writers who represented a moderate reform movement. Sociologist Howard Odum gets special attention as a key intellectual and nurturer of the study of the South. Economic activity generated a business way of life, and tourism is especially revealing of its nature. Folk culture and popular culture thrived in these years and showed the tensions between tradition and modernity. A new cultural criticism appeared that skewered the region’s shortcomings, offering critical perspectives and sympathetic interest in poor whites. An interracial movement sought better treatment of African Americans and offered a positive vision of cooperation across racial lines. This chapter examines such key intellectuals as Katharine Du Pre Lumpkin, Herman Clarence Nixon, and Charles Johnson whose life stories and thinking illustrate the complexities of a region on the cusp of fundamental change.
Smuggling and Violence in the Northern Borderlands of New Spain, 1810–1821
Authors: Barrera-Enderle Alberto , Torget Andrew J.
Published: January 2024

Alberto Barrera-Enderle and Andrew J. Torget argue that the violence that emerged during the 1810s along the edge between New Spain and the United States had deep roots in the long history of Spain’s failures to occupy and control the territories that would become northeastern Mexico. Throughout the eighteenth century the territory had remained fiercely contested between Spaniards and independent Indian groups while Spaniards found themselves perpetually isolated economically from the rest of New Spain. Smuggling along the US border, as a result, emerged as a survival tactic for local Spaniards by the early nineteenth century. Yet it was two major shifts during the 1810s that increased both smuggling and violence to unprecedented levels. The first shift came with the outbreak of the Mexican War for Independence, which brought tremendous bloodshed to Texas. The second shift came with the massive expansion of markets in the southwestern United States when the “cotton revolution” of the 1810s brought insatiable new demands for horses. The combination of these two events dramatically increased the incentives for all peoples living along this border to engage in smuggling and thus drastically amplified violence in the region on the eve of Mexico’s independence.
Citizenship, Violence, and the Cortina War
Authors: Baumgartner Alice L.
Published: January 2024

Alice Baumgartner examines the Cortina War to argue that the conflict marked a turning point along the border when the informal mechanisms that had previously been effective in keeping violence in check on both banks of the Rio Grande strained and broke. Alliances of cooperative violence did not work anymore because questions of Cortina’s nationality became a defining issue for the Texas and United States governments. If Cortina were merely a troublesome US citizen, then his uprising could be handled by local authorities. If, however, Cortina were instead a Mexican national invading American soil, the revolt then posed a much more significant threat that, in turn, demanded a more vigorous response from the US government. In this Baumgartner argues that state weakness did not necessarily have to give way to endemic violence, so long as informal social networks and ad hoc agreements allowed local communities and authorities to collaborate in the suppression of violence. Yet in the Cortina revolt, these local arrangements no longer sufficed when border violence became “nationalized” and the response to it therefore became a matter for state and national authorities.
State-Construction and Industrial Development in the Transformation of State Violence in the Texas-Mexico Borderlands during the Early Porfiriato
Authors: Martínez-Serna J. Gabriel
Published: January 2024

Gabriel Martínez Serna offers a deep look at this process of state growth in an essay that focuses on the evolution of state-level security within Nuevo León, which shifted from a militia composed of local citizens intended to fend off Indian raids into a “new security architecture” of the Mexican state by the late 1890s. The centerpiece of this new security apparatus was a more disciplined, centralized, and state-funded police force, which joined with the new federal rural police – known as the rurales -- to guard the state and the border area. Powerful economic growth and new technologies in the region, such as railroads and telegraphs, contributed to the growing power of these new state-run police forces, which could exert for the Mexican government a more powerful presence along the border toward fighting banditry and repressing those who opposed the regime of Porfirio Diaz.
Por un compatriota
Authors: Hernández Sonia
Published: January 2024

Sonia Hernández analyzes the case of Gregorio Cortez, a Mexican in Karnes County, Texas, who shot and killed the county sheriff in 1901 in an act of self-defense. While attempting to flee, Cortez also clashed with other law enforcement officers, leading Texas to charge him with the murder of three sheriffs by the time he was finally captured and jailed. While imprisoned and awaiting trial, Cortez found himself the target of an attempted lynching and his ordeal reveals how powerfully ethnic tensions played into the ways that state authorities along the border used violence and sanctioned the use of vigilante “justice” during the early twentieth century. At the same time, Cortez’s proximity to Mexico also provided him access to ethnic social networks that transcended the border and offered him a measure of protection, as an “unlikely transnational alliance” of ethnic Mexicans from southern Texas and northeastern Mexico pooled their resources for the legal defense of Cortez. Hernández thus shows how conditions along the US-Mexico border during the early twentieth century could both stoke ethnic tensions that led to violence while also fostering transnational networks and relations that could, simultaneously, serve to mitigate violence.
Cycles of Lynching
Authors: Carrigan William D. , Webb Clive
Published: January 2024

William Carrigan and Clive Webb analyze more than three hundred documented cases of lynchings of ethnic Mexicans in the United States from 1848 until 1928, identifying three spikes of such violence over the course of eighty years. The first two spikes, during the 1850s and the 1870s respectively, coincided with periods during which Mexican immigration to the United States and competition for resources rose considerably, leading to racial friction and bursts of extralegal executions. The border itself played an important role in triggering this behavior. Especially in the lower Rio Grande Valley, lynching often emerged as a response to fears that supposed perpetrators might seek haven on the Mexican side of the line; it was also a desirable choice for those unwilling to wait for the due process of law. Carrigan and Webb thus posit a correlation of violence with scarce resources, a growing population of Mexican descent, and concerns about law and order. The third spike in lynching episodes took place during the Mexican Revolution, especially between 1915 and 1919, when raids related to the Plan de San Diego unleashed a wave of extralegal executions of Mexicans.
Border Violence in Revolutionary Mexico, 1910–1920
Authors: Knight Alan
Published: January 2024

Alan Knight focuses on the relationship between the border and political violence during the Mexican Revolution. Mexico’s civil conflict spilled across the US-Mexico line during the mid-to-late 1910s, as a shift toward irregular warfare in the struggle led to a series of raids and counter raids that culminated in the Plan de San Diego in southern Texas and, more famously, Pancho Villa’s attack on Columbus, New Mexico. From the beginning, Knight argues, the border proved essential to the revolutionary struggle as norteños found themselves in the vanguard of the fight and relied on the advantages their proximity to the international boundary could provide. Being close to the border – and thus far from central Mexico – made it easier for norteños to defy federal authority, and they tapped into a long tradition of norteño military culture that derived, in part, from the long history of violent clashes with Indians along the border. More important, revolutionary norteños could use the border as a line of refuge and safe haven -- much as the Comanches of the mid-nineteenth century had used it – as well as a source for badly needed military supplies that would allow them to continue their fight.
Narcos and Narcs
Authors: Guerra Santiago Ivan
Published: January 2024

Santiago Guerra traces the evolution of the drug trade across the twentieth century, from its early small-scale structure to the massive and complex organizations that control it today. Before the 1940s, families living along the northern edge of the US-Mexico border engaged in smuggling primarily as a means for supplementing their meager farming incomes, relying on their intimate knowledge of the local terrain to avoid detection. But as the US and Mexican governments increased their efforts to curtail such trafficking after World War II, the economic rewards of the trade and the violence associated with it increased. The militarization of the border during the late twentieth century accelerated that process, as small and familial organizations came to be supplanted by complex criminal corporations that could afford the rising costs – and increased violence – associated with drug smuggling. This has created a vicious cycle: increased policing of the border, ironically, fostered more violence among drug cartels, which, in turn, has only increased the desire within both Mexican and the US for greater law enforcement along the border.
Women, Family, Violence, and Trust
Authors: Carey Elaine , Guzmán José Carlos Cisneros
Published: January 2024

Elaine Carey and José Carlos Cisneros provide an important and often ignored perspective on drug trafficking: the role and experience of women in the trade. Stories of how professional traders have used women as “mules” are well known, but the historical role of women as cartel bosses and high-level operatives is far less understood. By delving deeply into the lives of a few of these women, Carey and Cisneros show that women were not always victims of male bosses, but that some entered the trade as the result of rational decisions: in a world of poverty and lack of opportunities, the drug trade could offer women the chance to make a good living and to control their own lives. Carey and Cisneros argue that women relied on family networks to run their organizations, a trait of female-run organizations that has remained remarkably consistent from the 1950s through the present day. Carey and Cisneros also suggest that women in the trade behave somewhat differently than their male counterparts: women tend to be less prone to resort to violence, even if that has not shielded them personally from bloodshed.
Keep Them Out!
Authors: León Alejandra Díaz de
Published: January 2024

Alejandra Díaz de León explores the relationship between violence and border enforcement against illegal immigration. In the years before the US Immigration Reform and Control Act (IRCA) of 1986, it was relatively easy for Mexican and central American migrants to cross into the United States without documentation. IRCA, however, greatly increased policing and restrictions on movement along the border. Those restrictions, in turn, pushed the flow of migration into more remote, desolate, and dangerous portions of the border. The result was a steep rise in the number of migrant deaths and greater vulnerability of the migrants to extortion, kidnapping, forced recruitment and other abuses in the hands of operatives of criminal organizations and agents of the border patrol. Migrants from Central America (who traverse Mexico on their way to the United States) have become even more vulnerable since the early 1990s, when the Mexican government began cooperating with the United States to halt these movements, subjecting Central Americans to similar problems and exploitation in both countries. As such, violence associated with the US-Mexico boundary spreads well beyond the border itself – reaching as far south as Mexico’s line with Guatemala.
Eating While Black
Authors: Williams-Forson Psyche A.
Published: January 2024

Eating While Black illuminates how anti-Black racism operates in the practice and culture of eating. Mass media, nutrition science, economics, and public policy tend to drive entrenched opinions among Black and non-Black Americans about what is healthful and right to eat. Distorted views of how and what Black people eat are pervasive, bolstering the belief that they must be corrected and regulated. What is at stake is nothing less than whether Americans can learn to embrace nonracist understandings and practices in relation to food. Sustainable culture—what keeps a community alive and thriving—is essential to Black peoples' fight for access and equity, and food is central to this fight. Starkly exposing the rampant shaming and policing around how Black people eat, this book contemplates food's role in cultural transmission, belonging, homemaking, and survival. Black people's relationships to food have historically been connected to extreme forms of control and scarcity and to stunning creativity and ingenuity. In advancing dialogue about eating and race, this book urges us to think and talk about food in new ways to improve American society on both personal and structural levels.
What’s This in My Salad?
Authors: Williams-Forson Psyche A.
Published: January 2024

This discussion illustrates how foods are laden with layers of experiences and contexts including trauma. Strong feelings elicited about food can easily turn into shaming others and may involve personal food habits and ways of cooking. Survivors of Hurricane Katrina are considered here as well as those who live with trauma in and on their bodies. Black food cultures have long been demonized and declared unhealthy. For this reason, cultural and medical perspectives should be considered before we draw this conclusion.
Eating in the Meantime
Authors: Williams-Forson Psyche A.
Published: January 2024

Food choices are very complex. Food choices are also not neutral and are informed by race, gender, and even age, location, space, and place. Seldom are these matters considered when we discuss eating healthily and avoiding fast food. Alternative food spaces like dollar stores and fast-food markets tend not to be considered as viable spaces for acquiring food and are shunned for the more frequently heralded farmer’s markets as if these markets are panaceas. This chapter considers how food shaming and food policing is often due more to ignorance about social and cultural relations around food as much as it is about the foods themselves.