bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La administración de territorios: del protectorado a la administración territorial internacional
Authors: RODRIGO Ángel
Published: December 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es examinar la evolución institucional de la administración de territorios por terceros distintos del estado territorial y, en particular, profundizar en la distinción entre dos modalidades de la misma: el protectorado y la administración territorial internacional. La tesis que se defiende es que, aunque la administración territorial internacional tiene algunas similitudes con el protectorado internacional, son instituciones diferentes porque tienen objetivos distintos, el fundamento jurídico no es el mismo, operan en otro contexto y tienen exigencias de legalidad, legitimidad y eficacia internacionales distintas en su aplicación práctica. En síntesis, el protectorado, en sus diversas versiones, era un instrumento al servicio de los intereses estratégicos, económicos o militares de las grandes potencias; era una institución más para la formalización jurídica de relaciones jerárquicas de hecho entre estados o entidades. Por contra, la administración internacional de territorios, en la actualidad, es una herramienta que, fundamentalmente, se utiliza para la protección de valores e intereses generales de la comunidad internacional como la paz y los derechos humanos fundamentales.
El ejercicio de las relaciones exteriores de Kosovo por la UNMIK. ¿Una nueva manera de crear un "frankenstein" en Derecho Internacional?
Authors: LIROLA Isabel
Published: December 2023

La atribución a la administración internacional del ejercicio de las relaciones exteriores del territorio administrado, asumiendo el ius representationis y la competencia para concluir tratados internacionales suscita dos cuestiones novedosas. La primera se refiere al posible reconocimiento de una cierta subjetividad internacional de los territorios administrados. La segunda plantea la pregunta de si el ejercicio de las relaciones exteriores del territorio administrado por la administración internacional puede servir para propiciar el acceso de dicho territorio a la condición de estado, incluso de forma discutible o contraria con el Derecho Internacional, como sería el caso de la República de Kosovo. A través del análisis de la práctica de la UNTAET y de la UNMIK, este trabajo pretende comprobar la relación causa-efecto entre el ejercicio de las relaciones exteriores por la administración territorial internacional y el reconocimiento de una cierta subjetividad internacional del territorio administrado como preludio para la adquisición por éste de la condición de estado.
Las industrias extractivas como campo social para el análisis: tres perspectivas y un ensayo de debate
Authors: CAMPOS Alicia
Published: December 2023

Este artículo pretende participar en los debate generados en torno a las industrias de extracción de minerales e hidrocarburos, que se han convertido en los últimos tiempos en objeto de interés para un creciente número de académicos en el ámbito de las ciencias sociales, así como para organizaciones de defensa del medio ambiente y de derechos humanos, y para las instituciones internacionales del desarrollo. El argumento principal del trabajo es que muchos de los análisis que se realizan sobre las implicaciones políticas y sociales de las actividades extractivas pueden agruparse en tres perspectivas, cada una de las cuales hace énfasis en dimensiones diferentes del fenómeno: las instituciones del estado, las dinámicas rentistas, o la estructura económica internacional. Se analizarán las potencialidades y especialmente las limitaciones de todas ellas, y se insistirá en la necesidad de un acercamiento que atienda a las particularidades y trayectorias históricas concretas de los lugares de producción, así como a las dimensiones transnacionales que siempre implican estos procesos.
Democracia en movimiento
Authors: CALLE Ángel
Published: December 2023

Los movimientos sociales son agentes de cambio social que concurren, junto con otros actores, en la construcción de nuestras gramáticas de democracia (valores, imaginarios, prácticas, instituciones). En los debates contemporáneos sobre democracia dentro del mundo más académico, vienen consolidándose dos grandes visiones en torno a la misma: democracia representativa y democracia participativa. En gran medida estas visiones desarrollan sus postulados dentro del marco liberal, siendo el papel asignado a la participación (como herramienta o como bien en sí) una de las principales claves que divide a los y las analistas. Sucede que, al margen de los debates académicos y de la visualización de la política dentro del marco liberal, determinadas redes sociales vienen proponiendo, y en algunos casos ilustrando, formas de democracia radical como tercer elemento que sumar a las anteriores visiones de la democracia. Son los nuevos movimientos globales, más conocidos mediáticamente por su irrupción en la arena mediática a través de las llamadas “protestas antiglobalización”. En este artículo comenzamos sosteniendo la, tradicional ya desde los 70, vinculación entre movimientos sociales y propuestas de radicalizar la democracia. En segundo lugar, clarificamos los debates teóricos entre las diferentes formas de concebir la democracia, a saber, representativa, participativa y radical. Posteriormente, nos adentraremos en los discursos y prácticas aportados desde el mundo de los nuevos movimientos globales a este debate tan actual sobre democracia en el marco del asentamiento de una mundialización financiera y capitalista.
Drobnoustroje z grupy HACEK i ich udział w infekcyjnym zapaleniu wsierdzia (IZW)
Authors: Skopek Agata , Markowska-Wąż Edyta , Olejarz Anna , Olejarz Marzena
Published: December 2023

Infekcyjne zapalenie wsierdzia to rzadka, niebezpieczna choroba, która wiąże się z zajęciem przez bakterie wewnętrznej powierzchni serca wraz z zastawkami, a czasem również z przegrodami. Do patogenów, które w największym stopniu są odpowiedzialne za rozwój IZW, należą gronkowce, paciorkowce zieleniejące (Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus mutans), a także paciorkowce z grupy Enterococcus (Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium). Organizmy z grupy HACEK, stanowiące florę komensalną jamy ustnej, są trudne do zdiagnozowania i stanowią jedynie 2–3% rozpoznanych przypadków endocarditis. W niniejszej pracy skupiono się na diagnostyce mikrobiologicznej infekcyjnego zapalenia wsierdzia, a przede wszystkim omówiono jej charakterystyczne cechy związane z drobnoustrojami HACEK.
Diagnóstico de síndrome metabólico equino en el Caballo Criollo Colombiano en la Sabana de Bogotá
Authors: Rosas Gutiérrez Magnolia , Ariza-Suárez Angela Cristina
Published: December 2023

El síndrome metabólico equino (SME) es un desorden de origen endocrino y metabólico asociado principalmente a la desregulación de la insulina, obesidad y laminitis. Se aduce que el Caballo Criollo Colombiano (CCC) está predispuesto a desarrollarlo; sin embargo, no hay estudios específicos para esta raza. El objetivo del estudio fue diagnosticar el SME basado en la relación entre obesidad, adiposidad regional, hiperinsulinemia, hipertrigliceridemia e hiperleptinemia y asociarlo al desarrollo de signos clínicos de laminitis en equinos CCC en la Sabana de Bogotá. Se trabajó con dos grupos: 10 caballos clínicamente sanos como grupo control y 30 obesos (condición corporal >7/9) con adiposidad regional en el cuello como signos clínicos asociados al SME. Se determinaron los niveles de glucosa, insulina, leptina y triglicérido, así como la prueba de insulina-glucosa combinada (TIGC) en los dos grupos. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los grupos estudiados en los niveles de glucosa durante el TIGC, pero sí en los de insulina, tanto al minuto 0 (p=0.0193) como al minuto 45 (p=0.018). No hubo diferencias significativas en los niveles de triglicéridos entre grupos. Los valores de leptina no fueron concluyentes por problemas con la técnica de medición. Hubo caballos del grupo de obesos con signos asociados a laminitis, pero sin diferencias significativas en las mediciones que pudieran relacionarse con la presentación de los signos clínicos. Hubo evidencia clara de desregulación de la insulina en los caballos obesos, así como algunos casos evaluados individualmente en donde los resultados fueron compatibles con los reportados en el SME.
Tiempos de descanso de Panicum maximum y Brachiaria brizantha mediante tres tipos de corte
Authors: Lucero Pita Josselyn , Gómez Mendoza Gelacio , Guamán Guamán Rocío , Villavicencio Abril Ángel , Ulloa Cortázar Santiago , Romero Salguero Edison Javier
Published: December 2023

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar el tiempo de descanso del pasto Saboya (Panicum maximum) y Brachiaria (Brachiaria brizanta) con tres tipos de corte de igualación y cuatro tiempos de descanso o días después del corte de igualación. La investigación se realizó en Luz de América, provincia de Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, Ecuador, durante la época seca. Las pasturas tenían 7 años, y los factores de estudio fueron las variedades de pasto (Saboya y Brachiaria), tipos de corte (Machete, Guadaña y Tractor) y días después del corte de igualación (21, 28, 35 y 42 días). Se trabajó con 24 tratamientos con cuatro repeticiones cada uno. En todos los tratamientos se realizó el mismo manejo (control de malezas, fertilización y corte inicial). La toma de datos fue semanal, desde el día 21 hasta el 42, utilizando un cuadrante de 1 m2 de área. Se evaluó la altura de la planta, producción de materia verde, rendimiento de materia seca, análisis bromatológico (proteína, grasa, ceniza, fibra y extracto libre de nitrógeno). Los resultados indicaron que el pico de producción de materia verde y materia seca u altura de la planta en las dos variedades fue en el día 35; asimismo, se confirmó que el tiempo máximo de corte de los pastos debe darse hasta el día 35, debido a que los valores nutricionales tienden a disminuir con la edad del pasto. La variedad Brachiaria cortada con tractor a los 28 días, expresó los mejores contenidos nutricionales del pasto, siendo por ello, identificada como la mejor opción de forraje para la zona en época seca.
On some properties of Schwartz–Gopengauz operator
Authors: Kirjackis Eduardas
Published: December 2023

The generalization of Schwarz’s derivative proposed by B.E. Gopengauz, which is applied to the study of the properties of the class of functions with nonvanishing in the unit circle divided difference of n-th order is examined.
The role of oil solutions of thiosulfonates in the modulation of antioxidant parameters in rat kidneys
Authors:   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 V. Stusa str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine, Liubas N. M. , Oliynyk I. Ya. ,   Institute of Animal Biology NAAS, 38 V. Stusa str., Lviv, 79034, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

This study investigated the influence of thiosulfonate esters, specifically S-ethyl-4-aminobenzenethiosulfonate (ETS), S-allyl-4-aminobenzenethiosulfonate (ATS), and S-allyl-4-acetylaminobenzenethiosulfonate (AATS), at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight on the antioxidant defense system in rat kidneys. The kidneys are essential organs involved in maintaining metabolic homeostasis and they are constantly exposed to reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. The effectiveness of the antioxidant defense system was evaluated by measuring oxidative stress markers, including lipid peroxidation (LPO), as well as the activity of key antioxidant enzymes, such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), glutathione reductase (GR), and the level of reduced glutathione (GSH). Dysfunction of oxidant protection was observed with an oily diet, characterized by an increase in lipid hydroperoxide levels, a decrease in the SOD and catalase activity, and a decrease in the antioxidant activity of the entire glutathione chain. Administration of thiosulfonates, especially ETS and AATS, helped stabilize antioxidant protection. The beneficial antioxidant effects of thiosulfonates can be partially explained by their ability to prevent the formation of free radicals, can intercept, neutralize reactive oxygen species and other harmful substances that can damage body cells.
Reproductive characteristics of Saanen and Alpine bucks
Authors:   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine NAS of Ukraine, 23 Pereyaslavska str., Kharkiv 61016, Ukraine, Bogdaniuk A. ,   “Institute of Contemporary Veterinary Technologies” LLC, 27 Shevchenka str., Cherevky, Brovary district, Kyiv region, 07624, Ukraine, Garkavii V. ,   “Tatyana 2011” farm, 1M Shevchenka str., Cherevky, Brovary district, Kyiv region, 07624, Ukraine, Petrushko M. ,   Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine NAS of Ukraine, 23 Pereyaslavska str., Kharkiv 61016, Ukraine
Published: December 2023

Genetic variations among breeds within a species can impact not only productivity traits, such as milk yield and quality, but also animal health, including fertility. This study aimed to compare the reproductive characteristics of bucks from the Saanen and Alpine breeds. Sperm concentration and motility were assessed using light microscopy, viability was determined using eosin-nigrosin staining, and morphological parameters were evaluated using the Spermac Stain method. DNA fragmentation was measured using the Halosperm kit. Artificial insemination of goats was conducted with fresh semen during natural estrus. Statistical analysis was performed using the Graph Pad Prism software. The results revealed that Alpine bucks exhibited significantly higher semen volume, sperm concentration, viability, and motility (P<0.05). No significant differences (P≥0,05) were observed between the breeds regarding the number of spermatozoa with normal morphology and the rate of DNA fragmentation. Cryobiological analysis of spermatozoa from Saanen bucks suggested a higher cryoresistance compared to the Alpine breed. Following artificial insemination of goats, the pregnancy rate for the Saanen breed was 61.8%, which was twice as high as that observed in Alpine goats — 28.8% (P<0.05). These findings demonstrate significant differences in reproductive characteristics between Saanen and Alpine goats. Despite superior sperm characteristics, the pregnancy rate after artificial insemination was significantly lower in the Alpine breed compared to the Saanen breed. Consequently, it is crucial to consider these variations in essential reproductive characteristics when implementing breeding programs and employing reproductive biotechnology in animal husbandry to ensure their successful application and effectiveness.
Open Window Mapping of Accessory Pathways: A Literature Review and Practical Guide
Authors: Dulai Rajdip , Bangash Fatima , Sharma Ajay , Cambridge Alex , Wong Geoff , Lim Wei , Farwell David , Garcia Jason , Srinivansan Neil T
Published: December 2023

Catheter ablation is the treatment of choice for patients with symptomatic accessory pathways (APs) causing recurrent atrioventricular reciprocating tachycardia or in situations where APs conduct rapidly, posing a risk of sudden cardiac death. Conventional AP mapping relies on point-by-point assessment of local electrograms looking closely for pathway electrograms or early atrial or ventricular electrograms, which may be challenging and time consuming. Recently, open window mapping (OWM) using 3D navigational systems has emerged as a novel technique to help localise and ablate APs. OWM has significant advantages over conventional point-by-point mapping techniques. The purpose of this review is to summarise the currently available literature on the OWM technique and to highlight the technical aspects and mapping considerations for OWM, including specific cases demonstrating its utility.
Zoonotic Staphylococcus spp. among domestic animals in Ukraine: antibiotic resistance and diagnostic approaches
Authors: Shevchenko M. , Andriichuk A. , Naumchuk V. , Petruk I. , Bilyk S. , Tsarenko T.
Published: December 2023

Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and S. aureus are common infectious agents with zoonotic potential, capable of acquiring antibiotic resistance and causing hospital-acquired infections. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of S. pseudintermedius among dogs in Ukraine and explore the possibility of using chromogenic media for accurate identification and differentiation of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius. The data obtained indicate a higher prevalence of nasal carriage (44.8%) of Staphylococcus spp. in healthy dogs compared to ear carriage (28.5%). Among the isolated strains in nasal swabs, S. pseudintermedius was most often detected (24.1%), S. aureus was detected less often (5.2%). Among the samples taken from sick dogs, 36.5% were found to be Staphylococcus spp., of which 20.5% contained S. pseudintermedius and 4.5% S. aureus. Among the studied cats, 36.8% were found to contain Staphylococcus spp., S. pseudintermedius – 10.5%, and S. aureus – 5.3%. Antibiotic resistance profiles were different: S. pseudintermedius was resistant to the combination of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, as well as to penicillin and erythromycin, while S. aureus was resistant to penicillin. It should be noted that only one coagulase-positive S. aureus isolate obtained from healthy animals was resistant to oxacillin. The use of chromogenic media demonstrated the possibility of successful differentiation of S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius based on differences in culture properties. In addition, various combinations of microbiological tests were evaluated, resulting in the development of two schemes that included specific media and additional reactions to improve identification accuracy. The combination of CHROMagar™ Orientation with the coagulase detection reaction demonstrated higher sensitivity (100%) for the detection of S. pseudintermedius compared to the combination of mannitol salt agar (MSA) with the coagulase detection reaction (75%). In addition, the PCR reaction was valuable for the definitive identification of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS). These comprehensive results shed light on the prevalence, species distribution, antibiotic resistance patterns, and diagnostic approaches for S. aureus in dogs and cats in Ukraine, emphasizing the importance of developing reliable surveillance and control strategies.
Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles with antioxidant and bactericidal activities using Capsicum annuum fruit extract
Authors: Kalynovskyi V. , Smirnov O. , Zelena P. , Yumyna Y. , Kovalenko M. , Dzhagan V. , Dzerzhynsky M. , Taran N.
Published: December 2023

Metallic nanostructures, especially silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have already found multiple applications in modern industry, science and medicine. Still, the production of nano-sized compounds often leads to the formation of toxic byproducts and possesses substantial environmental hazard. One of the promising solutions for the ecofriendly creation of nanomaterials predicts the use of a “green chemistry” approach using organisms, their parts or natural compounds to act as safe and effective producers of nanomaterials. Plant-mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles includes the reduction of Ag+ to Ag0 by natural compounds, usually secondary metabolites which can be found in roots, leaves, cortex, fruits, flowers and seeds of various species. Aqueous extract of Capsicum annuum var. cv. (cultivar) Teja (S-17) fruits was used as a bioreducer for the reduction of AgNO3 solution to AgNPs. The formation of the AgNPs was confirmed by the presence of the Tyndall effect of light scattering combined with colour change of the solutions. The properties of the nanoparticles were assessed with UV-visible spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In the present study, we report the experimental optimization of operating parameters needed for silver biotransformation by C. annuum. Biosynthesized nanoparticles were 13–22 nm in size and spherical in shape. Colloidal solutions of AgNPs were also confirmed to show antioxidant activity in vitro as analyzed by the reduction of DPPH radicals. Characterization and application of AgNPs as bactericidal agents on two Gram-positive (Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus aureus) and two Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) prokaryotic microorganisms demonstrated the prevalent influence on Gram-positive strains.
Identification of time of death of cats according to histological changes in some organs
Authors: Serdioucov J. , Shkundia D. , Kruchynenko O.
Published: December 2023

Determining the time of an animal’s death is an extremely relevant subject in the practice of modern forensic medicine, because the issue often arises when investigating crimes related to animal abuse, in particular, with domestic cats Felis silvestris catus (Linnaeus, 1758). Methods of identifying time of cats’ death are currently developed insufficiently and their introduction into the veterinary-forensic practice has been limited, including the histological method we have employed. We used five corpses of cats, from which we periodically, after certain time periods, gathered the material for histological study, sampling such organs as the liver, kidneys, lungs, heart (myocardium), and the skeletal muscles. From the collected material, we made histological sections and stained them with hematoxylin and eosin. We determined the general patterns in changes occurring in the internal organs of cats over time, namely changes in the staining intensity of the cell elements and intercellular structures on the histopreparations; formation of detritus-filled cavities; a number of distinctive changes in the connective-tissue stroma of the organs; emergence of baciliform bacteria in the tissues and formation of their colonies. In the muscle tissue, we found specific features such as loss of alignment and emergence of transversal grooves with subsequent fragmentation. The study revealed that the development of those changes in each organ clearly correlated with time that has passed since each animals had died. Thus, a complex evaluation of detected changes can give a more accurate – compared with other existing methods – assessment of the time of death of a corpse submitted to forensic veterinary examination. We recommend using the histological method for animals presumed to have been dead for no more than 18 days, because later the tissue disintegration reaches such a level that complicates the correlation of changes with time. We consider it promising to study the time of death of domestic cats using other methods for identifying criteria for postmortem intervals longer than 18 days, and also identifying time of death in other species of animals.
Quem são os jovens que vivenciam o “novo” Ensino Médio? Um estudo de caso em Porto Alegre/RS
Authors: Bezerra da Silva Gabrielle , Nedel Oliveira Victor Hugo
Published: December 2023

A “Reforma” do Ensino Médio (Lei 13.415/2017) foi aprovada em 2017 e, recentemente, vem sendo implementada nas instituições de ensino de todo o país, impactando milhões de jovens estudantes. O objetivo principal do presente artigo é apresentar as condições juvenis de um grupo de jovens escolarizados vinculados ao Grêmio Estudantil de uma escola pública estadual localizada em Porto Alegre/RS. A pesquisa qualitativa, em formato de um estudo de caso, produziu os dados a partir da realização de um grupo focal com cinco jovens. Foi possível compreender algumas das percepções dos sujeitos sobre o que representa ser jovem e como os mesmos vivenciam essa fase da vida. Trabalho, mobilidade urbana e saúde mental, emergiram como importantes categorias analíticas que permitiram analisar a condição juvenil dos sujeitos pesquisados. Considera-se que os resultados obtidos provocaram discussões e entendimentos no que se referiu a conhecer os participantes da investigação, bem como suas experiências escolares e juvenis.
The Need to Use Different Ways of Applying Pesticides
Authors: Matthews Graham A.
Published: December 2023

In a previous Editorial, the emphasis was on the need to adopt Integrated Pest Management (IPM), but for the majority of farmers, there is the need to spray a pesticide, which hopefully will increasingly be a biopesticide, but to control certain pests, a chemical pesticide may still
be required. The need to control a disease, downy mildew (Peronospora viticola) on some grape seedlings from America was detected by Millardet in France back in 1878. The disease was not adequately controlled using sulphur, but after a farmer sprinkled some water, containing copper sulphate
to deter children and travellers along the highways picking the grapes, Millar det developed a mixture of copper sulphate and lime as a fungicide that was named Bordeaux Mixture, which he tested on the foliage and the mildew. According to Lodeman (1896) the first systematic applications of
copper sulphate, mixed with lime were in about 1884, when it was decided that this was the most promising of all the various mixtures that had been tried. The recipe was dissolving 8 kilos of commercial copper sulphate in 100 litres of water. In another container 15 kilos of quicklime were
mixed in 30 litres of water. This was then mixed with the copper sulphate and stirred well and then some was taken in a pail and sprinkled using a small broom on the vine foliage. Interestingly, Millardet thought that in the case of severe rains, it might be advisable to make a second application.
Invasive Species Impact in Agriculture: Striking a Balance Between Productivity, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Health
Authors: Joshi Ravindra Chandra , Matthews Graham
Published: December 2023

The global spread of pests due to climate change poses a significant obstacle to ensuring a secure and healthy food supply for the growing world population. By 2050, the population is projected to increase from 7.6 billion to 9.8 billion, and it is estimated to reach 11.2 billion by
the 21st century. A substantial portion of this growth will take place in sub Saharan Africa, where a quarter of the population is currently suffering from hunger. Tropical farmers face challenges with pests, diseases, and weeds. They are now dealing with new issues when non-native species
suddenly appear. For instance, the Fall Armyworm came from America to West Africa and spread across Africa, Asia, and eventually reached Australia. Invasive species are species, like plants, animals, or microorganisms, not originally from an area. Their introduction disrupts the natural processes
of an ecosystem, threatening biodiversity, food security, health, and economic development. Sometimes, species are introduced intentionally or accidentally, and they can establish themselves, competing with the local ecosystem and taking over the new environment.
Theoretical study of the effect of fuel injection start pressure on the characteristics of the combustion process, indicators, and braking efficiency of the 2CH10.5/13 type engine
Authors: Akhundov Ilham
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Over time, demands on internal combustion engines are increasing, with a focus on fuel efficiency, emissions reduction, improved reliability, and cost-effective production and operation. Studying diesel engines like the 2CH10.5/13 is relevant due to their significant potential in the modern world. The purpose of study is to investigate the theoretical effect of the initial fuel injection pressure on the combustion process, engine braking performance and efficiency. Materials and Methods: The paper describes the methods of choosing injectors for diesel engines with a high-pressure fuel system. Results and Discussion: Using mathematical calculations and modeling is an effective means to prevent engine operation issues. Developing a dedicated calculation method is necessary to understand the impact of diesel fuel ignition volume on engine performance parameters. The results of experimental studies, which included non-motorised, motorised, and operational tests of diesel nozzles, are also presented. Studies have shown that after 4,000 cumulative hours of operation, the residual life of the injector nozzles is insignificant, since the dynamic performance of the diesel engine decreases to the limit value (7%). Conclusions: This may indicate the need for regular maintenance and replacement of nozzles in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
Caracterización fisicoquímica de aceite de semilla de sandía (Citrullus lanatus) y melón (Cucumis melo) considerando distintos métodos de extracción
Authors: Aldas Morejon Jhonnatan , Jacome Calie Martha Daniela , Castro Holguín Kary Víctoria , Zambrano Muñoz Denisse Margoth , Revilla Escobar Karol , Zambrano Muñoz Roxanna Mercedes , Arguello Cedeño Jonathan Alexander
Published: December 2023

Introducción: Las industrias procesadoras de frutas descartan los subproductos, los cuales generan contaminación, el aceite vegetal extraidos de semillas oleaginosas se considera uno de los componentes primordiales de nuestros alimentos. Objetivo: La presente investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar las características fisicoquímicas de aceite de semilla de sandía (Citrullus lanatus) y melón (Cucumis melo) considerando tres métodos de extracción. Materiales y Métodos: Para el caso de la materia prima se obtuvieron del mercado local del cantón de Quevedo, provincia de los Ríos (Ecuador). Se empleó un diseño de bloques completamente al azar con modelo bifactorial AxB; donde factor A= Tipos de semillas Sandía y Melón, factor B= Método de extracción, Prensado en frío, Solvente y Combinado. Resultados: Para los análisis físicos-químicas Índice de refracción no obtuvieron diferencias significativas, mientras que el método de semillas de melón + solvente químico (T5), destacó en los contenidos de humedad (2,37 %), ceniza (0,12 %) y índice de saponificación (198,33 mg KOH/g). Así mismo se estable que el método semillas de melón + combinado obtuvo el mayor contenido de acidez con 0,48 %, en relación con el índice de yodo el método sandía + prensado en frio resaltó con un valor de 134,44 %. Conclusión: Se concluye que el índice de peróxido en los dos aceites fue favorecedor debido a su resultado. Los perfiles de ácidos grasos muestras que el mayor contenido fue el ácido oleico, seguido por el palmítico.
Estimación de parámetros en modelos Rasch para la estimación de inseguridad alimentaria en una población.
Authors: Rodriguez de España Maria , Ramoni-Perazzi Josefa , Orlandoni-Merli Giampaolo
Published: December 2023

Introducción: The Food Insecurity Experience Scale es una propuesta metodológica del Proyecto Voices of the Hungry de la División de Estadística de FAO; es un conjunto de preguntas cuyo objetivo es la medición de inseguridad alimentaria como rasgo latente. Este módulo de preguntas puede ser incluido en una encuesta y con la matriz de respuesta puede calcularse prevalencias de inseguridad alimentaria a través de un modelo de Rasch usando la suma de las respuestas afirmativas obtenidas por una persona a las preguntas del módulo FIES como un estadístico suficiente para la estimación del rasgo latente: Inseguridad alimentaria. Materiales y Métodos: Se simuló en R  una matriz de respuestas al módulo FIES  posteriormente se aplicó un modelo de Rasch  a esta matriz de respuesta  con el fin de obtener los parámetros theta y beta según distintos marcos inferenciales : máxima verosimilitud,  bayesiana, marginal y condicional, para la estimación se usaron distintos paquetes R.  Resultados y Discusión:  La estimación de los parámetros   según la estimación por máxima verosimilitud y condicional no son apropiadas para estimar los puntajes extremos Conclusiones:   La estimación bayesiana y la marginal sí logran estimar los puntajes extremos en los parámetros  sin embargo, tiene costo computacional alto. La estimación condicional, que es la estimación actualmente usada en el protocolo analítico de la escala FIES a nivel global , requiere el uso de pseudo puntajes para estimar los   y  y  es la estimación recomendada si se requiere estimar la severidad del rasgo latente en individuos o hogares.
Use of Azerbaijan-grown berries to improve nutritional value and reduce toxic metals in soft drinks (including energy drinks)
Authors: Maharramova Sevinj , Maharramov Mikail
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The research aims to investigate the possibility of using cornel berries, to increase their nutritional value and reduce toxic metal content in soft drinks and energy drinks. Material and Methods: To achieve the set goal, the nutritional value of drinks was determined, the influence of cornel berries on the content of toxic metals was analysed and their influence on the organoleptic properties of drinks was evaluated. Results and Discussion: As a result of the study, it was found that the addition of cornel berries to soft drinks leads to a significant increase in the content of vitamins B2 (by 47%), C (by 25%) and K (by 39%). An increase in flavonoids and anthocyanins in the beverages was also observed, with 19.28 mg/100 g and 13.34 mg/100 g, respectively, in the experimental sample, compared to 15 mg/100 g and 10.12 mg/100 g in the control sample, and an increase in phenolic compounds, with 22.3 mg/100 g in the experimental sample, compared to 21.1 mg/100 g in the control sample. In addition, a reduction in mercury, lead and cadmium was found to be 11%, 5.3% and 2% respectively. Conclusion: Thus, the results indicate an increase in nutritional value and potential positive effects of adding cornel berries to beverages, as well as confirming their safety and improved organoleptic qualities. The results have important practical implications for the food industry and consumers, as they provide data and recommendations for the development of soft drinks that have increased nutritional value and guaranteed safety.
Models of binary classification of the semantic colouring of texts
Authors: Boyko Nataliya
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The purpose of the research is to compare different types of recurrent neural network architectures, namely the long short-term memory and gate recurrent node architecture and the convolutional neural network, and to explore their performance on the example of binary text classification. Material and Methods: To achieve this, the research evaluates the performance of these two popular deep-learning approaches on a dataset consisting of film reviews that are marked with both positive and adverse opinions. The real-world dataset was used to train neural network models using software implementations. Results and Discussion: The research focuses on the implementation of a recurrent neural network for the binary classification of a dataset and explores different types of architecture, approaches and hyperparameters to determine the best model to achieve optimal performance. The software implementation allowed evaluating of various quality metrics, which allowed comparing the performance of the proposed approaches. In addition, the research explores various hyperparameters such as learning rate, packet sizes, and regulation methods to determine their impact on model performance. Conclusion: In general, the research provides valuable insights into the performance of neural networks in binary text classification and highlights the importance of careful architecture selection and hyperparameter tuning to achieve optimal performance.
Obtaining target dietary fats in the technology of step-by-step hydrogenation and their use
Authors: Sattarov Karim
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Fats are an important component of a number of food products and affect their consistency, shelf life, taste, and nutritional qualities. Step-by-step hydrogenation is one of the main methods of modifying dietary fats, which allows for influencing their chemical structure and properties. The purpose of this study was to establish the main approaches to the step-by-step hydrogenation of dietary fats, the problems of the method, the main areas of use, and prospects for improving the technology. Material and Methods: A search to identify relevant papers was conducted for sources using open electronic databases, such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science. Results and Discussion: During the study, the most common conditions of the hydrogenation reaction were established. The most important characteristics of the catalyst were determined by the activity, durability, selectivity, and stability of the formation of isomers. The formation of trans isomers of fatty acids, which reduces the quality of fat, has been identified as the main disadvantage of step-by-step hydrogenation. Factors contributing to the formation of trans isomers included high temperature, catalyst properties, and high content of unsaturated fatty acids in the feedstock. Step-by-step hydrogenation was identified to be the most characteristic of the soybean industry and for the production of confectionery and baking fats with specified properties. Conclusion: The results obtained indicate the potential of step-by-step hydrogenation to produce edible fats with a certain melting point and organoleptic characteristics after solving the cis/trans-isomerisation problem.
Universal tools for analysing structures and interactions in geometry
Authors: Berisha Besim , Thaqi Xhevdet , Ramizi Astrit , Mahmuti Agon
Published: December 2023

This study examined symmetry and perspective in modern geometric transformations, treating them as functions that preserve specific properties while mapping one geometric figure to another. The purpose of this study was to investigate geometric transformations as a tool for analysis, to consider invariants as universal tools for studying geometry. Materials and Methods: The Erlangen ideas of F. I. Klein were used, which consider geometry as a theory of group invariants with respect to the transformation of the plane and space. Results and Discussion: Projective transformations and their extension to two-dimensional primitives were investigated. Two types of geometric correspondences, collinearity and correlation, and their properties were studied. The group of homotheties, including translations and parallel translations, and their role in the affine group were investigated. Homology with ideal line axes, such as stretching and centre stretching, was considered. Involutional homology and harmonic homology with the centre, axis, and homologous pairs of points were investigated. In this study unified geometry concepts, exploring how different geometric transformations relate and maintain properties across diverse geometric systems. Conclusions: It specifically examined Möbius transforms, including their matrix representation, trace, fixed points, and categorized them into identical transforms, nonlinear transforms, shifts, dilations, and inversions.
Features of forecasting abnormally high reservoir pressures when drilling wells in areas of south-western Turkmenistan
Authors: Deryaev Annaguly
Published: December 2023

Introduction: The study is essential because predicting areas with high formation pressures in geophysical research is complex. It requires new technologies to accurately locate them and minimize unforeseen emergencies. The purpose of this study is to analyse and identify the peculiarities of predicting anomalously high formation pressures during well drilling in the territory of south-western Turkmenistan in order to provide more effective and reliable pressure management during drilling and operation. Materials and Methods: Methods such as analysis and prediction were used in this study. Results and Discussion: The paper presents valuable research data highlighting the changes in reservoir pressure gradients in the unique stratigraphic section of reservoirs in the oil and gas fields of the Pribalkan and Gogerendag-Ekerem zones. The analysis of the studies reveals the dynamism with which the properties of reservoir rock change with increasing depth of occurrence. Special attention is paid to the processes associated with the formation of anomalously high formation pressures, which is an important aspect for understanding complex geological processes. Conclusions: The study provides a detailed classification of formation pressures, considering the anomaly coefficient, enhancing our understanding of this phenomenon. Predicting formation pressures for specific horizons relies on analyzing deep well drilling results.
O CORPO E SEUS PARADIGMAS: UMA ANÁLISE EM REVISTAS A-1 DA EDUCAÇÃO DE 2001 A 2018
Authors: Baptista Tadeu João Ribeiro
Published: December 2023

O corpo é um tema recorrente em diversos campos de conhecimento, entre eles a filosofia, a história, a educação, entre outros. As concepções de corpo tendem a ser analisadas na produção bibliográfica, pois expressam o modo como os autores podem refletir sobre a relação do ser humano consigo, com outros e com a natureza. Deste modo, o problema desta pesquisa é identificar quais são as suas abordagens epistemológicas predominantes entre 2001 a 2018. Como metodologia realizou-se um estudo com características bibliométricas, de caráter quanti-qualitativo em periódicos da área da Educação de 2001 a 2018, considerados como presentes no estrato A-1 do Qualis CAPES (2013-2016). Como objetivo geral do estudo procurou-se examinar as concepções de corpo em periódicos brasileiros do campo da educação, aproximando-se dos paradigmas de teorias científicas principais. Como objetivos específicos estão analisar os autores que mais publicaram temas relacionados ao corpo em revistas de educação nos anos analisados, identificar as regiões do país que mais contribuíram para este debate e; apresentar como as concepções de corpo se manifestam nos diferentes textos analisados. Os resultados demonstram que entre as revistas estudadas, há uma predominância de concepções fenomenológicas, seguidas do movimento pós-moderno, do positivismo e do materialismo dialético respectivamente. Como conclusão é possível dizer que a tradição fenomenológica é muito forte nos textos pesquisados, demonstrando certa preocupação de se olhar para o ser humano como uma totalidade.
Capacitismo: uma categoria útil para a análise histórica das marginalizações sociais
Authors: Piccolo Gustavo Martins
Published: December 2023

Este artigo, realizado mediante processo de revisão literária integrativa, objetiva fornecer contributos para a produção de uma epistemologia do capacitismo. Para tanto, escrutina a ideia de norma e desvela a violência contida em seus elementos constitutivos, os quais empurraram a diferença da deficiência ao interdito. Em seguida, historiciza os processos formativos da lógica capacitista e destaca como esta pode servir de ferramenta analítica para a compreensão de marginalizações vivenciadas por grupos minoritários, dado o caráter centrípeto exercido pela ideia de corponormatividade. Finaliza assinalando que a construção de uma epistemologia capacitista configura-se como parte da luta mais ampla por justiça e para a construção de uma nova geografia social, uma nova antropologia.
INFLUENCE OF GRAPHENE OXIDE CONTENT ON THE WEAR RESISTANCE OF ZIRCONIA TOUGHENED ALUMINA COMPOSITES CONSOLIDATED BY SPARK PLASMA SINTERING
Authors: Meleshkin Yaroslav , Smirnov Anton , Kuznetsova E. , Kurmysheva A.Yu. , Kytmanov A. , Bentseva E. , Pinargote N.W. Solis
Published: December 2023

The addition of 0.28 wt.% GO on the tribological properties of the ZTA composite it was compared with a similar material without the addition of graphene oxide. Comparison of ZTA samples with 0 and 0.28 wt% GO at 10 N showed that the coefficient of friction of the material with graphene oxide was reduced by 15%. In addition, the coefficient of friction of this material became stable much earlier than that of the sample without GO: 2500 meters versus 3500 meters, respectively. Similarly, comparison of the samples at 40 N load showed that the addition of 0.28 wt% GO contributed to a 27% reduction in the coefficient of friction. It was also observed that the stabilization of the friction coefficient for the sample with GO occurred earlier than for the sample without GO, at 2200 meters versus 3800 meters, respectively. Improved tribological characteristics, namely a decrease in the coefficient of friction and an increase in wear resistance, can be associated with the presence of an adhesive graphene layer that forms on the worn surfaces of the ball and composite. The appearance of a graphene layer on the contact surfaces improves the tribological characteristics of ZTA composites with reduced graphene.
FORMATION OF IDEAS AND LEGISLATION ON PROPERTY RIGHTS IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA
Authors:   Ural State Law University, Semyakin M. N.
Published: December 2023

Abstract: the authors set the goal of studying the process of forming ideas and legislation on property rights in pre-revolutionary Russia. It is necessary to emphasize that it is necessary to distinguish from the tendencies of reforming legislation on real law as a natural direction of its development, attempts to accidentally, unjustifiably make changes, additions, adjustments to its content, which significantly reduces its qualitative characteristics, regulatory potential and law enforcement efficiency. The research is based on an objective dialectical method of cognition of legal phenomena and processes related to the chosen topic, the study of their relationship. In addition, the study is based on general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, historical, logical, generalization, abstraction, system analysis, modeling, etc. The system of property rights that took shape in pre-revolutionary Russia in a number of aspects fully corresponded to the corresponding advanced European concepts of property rights for that time, while possessing its own Russian originality and peculiarities.
Transformation of conceptual approaches to assessment of interaction of business entities within the “Structure – behaviour – performance” paradigm when analyzing markets
Authors: Mitenkov A. V. , Chupakhin V. V.
Published: December 2023

The authors suggest a renovated approach to market research. The approach is based on the causal relationship of functioning of market entities considered in the «Structure – behaviour – performance» model. The study involves the analysis of approaches to assessment of sectoral markets within which the main indicators describing the market structure are formulated. The results of the study are presented in the form of a report on the market structure containing a set of socio-economic metrics. The structure can become a foundation for developing integral indicators of the market performance and effectiveness and determining market parameters. The suggested method integrates different areas of economic knowledge allowing to increase the completeness of information and its relevanceo a specific market entity. The results of the study can be used when making decisions to improve business efficiency on the basis of a complementary set of indicators describing the homeostasis of the market and understanding its further development.