bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modélisation du repérage des indicateurs de l’altération de la transmission père enfant aux épreuves projectives (Rorschach et TAT)
Authors: Seijas Leonor
Published: June 2023

Cet article, issu d’une thèse de doctorat, se propose d’étudier les répercussions psychiques de la migration du père sur la fonction paternelle et sur les processus de transmission à l’enfant en âge de latence.

Dans cet article, l’auteure présentera la modélisation d’indicateurs aux épreuves projectives, permettant de repérer l’altération des processus de transmission père-enfant et les perspectives d’application en clinique projective de l’enfant.

À partir d’un protocole de recherche construit avec un entretien semi-directif avec les pères articulé aux différentes épreuves qui composent un bilan psychologique de l’enfant et en appui sur la clinique du traumatisme, sont alors modélisés des indicateurs de repérage de l’altération de la transmission père-enfant aux épreuves projectives (Rorschach et TAT).

Les illustrations cliniques montreront comment, dans les protocoles des descendants, sont présents ces indicateurs, nommés « contenus énigmatiques », renvoyant à l’histoire paternelle. Ils sont une découverte féconde en ce qui concerne le repérage des répercussions psychiques de la migration du père sur la fonction paternelle et sur les processus de transmission à l’enfant.
Psychothérapies : des modèles aux stratégies d’intervention
Authors: Fouques Damien
Published: June 2023

Vouloir évaluer les psychothérapies, c’est avant tout comprendre le chemin parcouru et notamment la controverse entre deux modèles : celui dit médical et celui dit contextuel. Après avoir mis en exergue l’évolution en marche et nécessaire vers les approches processuelles en matière de psychopathologie et de psychothérapie, nous poserons la question de savoir si une synthèse - presque une entente - pourrait être envisagée de ces deux courants bien souvent opposés. Nous développerons l’exemple des évolutions récentes en thérapies comportementales et cognitives (TCC) et interrogerons ensuite la situation particulière en France, telle qu’elle nous apparaît, entre approches psychanalytiques et TCC et ses enjeux concernant les recherches sur l’évaluation des psychothérapies.
L’attachement du patient au thérapeute : une étude empirique en Algérie
Authors: Slimane Djillali
Published: June 2023

La théorie de l’attachement a trouvé un regain d’intérêt auprès des chercheurs en psychothérapie ces dernières décennies, il y a de plus en plus de preuves sur le rôle de l’attachement comme facteur prédicteur du processus et des résultats thérapeutiques. Les styles d’attachement sont supposés rester stables dans le temps, cependant, la recherche montre également que les modèles internes de soi et des autres peuvent être révisés à travers des expériences interpersonnelles qui s’écartent considérablement de la figure d’attachement primaire. Plus récemment, un nouveau concept est apparu et permet une meilleure compréhension de la nature du lien qui se tisse entre le patient et son thérapeute du point de vue de la théorie de l’attachement, il s’agit du concept de l’attachement du patient au thérapeute. Dans un premier temps cet article passe en revue les données empiriques sur le lien entre l’attachement adulte, l’attachement du patient au thérapeute, l’alliance thérapeutique et les résultats thérapeutique. Dans un deuxième temps, nous présenterons les résultats d’une étude empirique menée en Algérie, qui avait pour objectif l’examen des liens entre l’attachement du patient au thérapeute, les styles d’attachement adulte du patient et l’alliance thérapeutique, pour enfin terminer avec une discussion sur l’intérêt de la variable de l’attachement du patient au thérapeute pour la recherche en psychothérapie et pour l’intervention clinique.
PSMA hybrid imaging in prostate cancer – current applications and perspectives
Authors: Koehler Daniel , Berliner Christoph , Shenas Farzad , Karimzadeh Amir , Apostolova Ivayla , Klutmann Susanne , Adam Gerhard , Sauer Markus
Published: June 2023

Background Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common malignancy in men and the second most common tumor-associated cause of death in the male population in Germany. Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-targeted hybrid imaging using positron emission tomography (PET) in combination with CT or MRI represents a comparably new method that gained increasing importance in the diagnostic process of PCa in recent years.

Method Current applications of PSMA hybrid imaging were summarized according to the German and European guidelines on PCa. New developments were elaborated based on a literature review of PubMed conducted in 10/22.

Results PSMA-PET/CT demonstrated higher detection rates for metastases in high-risk PCa and recurrent PCa after primary therapy than established imaging methods (CT, MRI, and bone scan). Despite promising results from prospective trials in both scenarios and substantial influence on clinical decision making, data regarding the influence of PSMA-PET on PCa-specific and overall survival are still lacking. Hence, PSMA PET/CT is recommended with a “weak” strength rating in most situations. However, its importance in new treatment options like metastasis-directed therapy or PSMA-radioligand therapy expands the scope of PSMA-PET in the clinical routine.

Conclusion PSMA-targeting hybrid imaging represents the most sensitive diagnostic test in several stages of PCa and allows the development of new treatment strategies. Prospective studies are needed to evaluate the influence of PSMA-PET on patient survival.

Key Points 

Citation Format
Impact of Delayed Cord Clamping on Red Blood Cell Transfusion and Related Outcomes in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Authors: Patel Mayuri , Gopalakrishnan Mathangi , Sundararajan Sripriya
Published: June 2023

Objective Delayed cord clamping (DCC) for 30 to 60 seconds after birth facilitates placental transfusion, increases blood volume, and decreases red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in preterm infants. Study objective was to determine (1) RBC transfusion burden over a 5-year period, (2) impact of DCC practice on RBC transfusions, and (3) association of RBC transfusion on outcomes in very low birthweight (VLBW) preterm infants.

Study Design A retrospective medical chart review was performed in 787 VLBW infants between 2016 and 2020. Demographic factors, DCC status, number of RBC transfusions, and neonatal outcomes were determined in eligible infants. Adjusted association between DCC, RBC transfusion, and outcomes were determined using logistic and linear regression methods.

Results Of the 538 eligible VLBW infants, 62% (N = 332) received RBC transfusions. Proportion receiving RBC transfusion were significantly higher for infants <1,000 g (N = 217, 65.4%) and gestational age (GA) <29 weeks (N = 256, 77.1%) than larger (1,001–1,250 g, N = 77, 23.2% and 1,251–1,500 g, N = 38, 11.4%) and older GA ≥ 29 weeks' infants (N = 76, 22.9%, p < 0.05). Of the 81/538 (15.1%) who received DCC, 48 (59.2%) received no RBC transfusion (p < 0.001). In multivariable logistic regression analysis, preterm infants with DCC were 55% less likely to receive RBC transfusions as compared with infants with no DCC. At any given GA, the number of RBC transfusions in preterm infants with DCC was 25% lower as compared with infants without DCC (p < 0.05). Transfusion was associated with 8-fold increased odds for bronchopulmonary dysplasia and 4-fold increased odds for medical and surgically treated patent ductus arteriosus compared with no transfusion. There was no significant association of transfusion with neonatal sepsis, laser treated retinopathy of prematurity, necrotizing enterocolitis, and intraventricular hemorrhage.

Conclusion DCC was significantly associated with reduced RBC transfusion, but fewer preterm infants received DCC. Further research is needed to explore the feasibility of providing neonatal resuscitation during DCC in preterm infants.

Key Points
Hemiboronic Acid-Catalyzed Reduction of α,β-Unsaturated Ketones with Reagent-Controlled Chemoselectivity
Authors: Hall Dennis G. , Rygus Jason P. G. , Boateng Daniel B.
Published: June 2023

The use of an air-stable cationic hemiboronic acid catalyst for the chemoselective reduction of enones is described. By changing the identity and stoichiometry of the silane reducing agent, either the conjugate reduction products or the fully reduced products can be obtained in high selectivity. In contrast to analogous reactions catalyzed by air- and moisture-sensitive borane catalysts, the hemiboronic acid catalyzed protocol can be performed under ambient conditions. Profiling studies revealed that global reduction proceeds via a rapid initial 1,4-addition, followed by ketone deoxygenation with a rate that is highly silane-dependent.
Histoplasmosis in the Anal Canal: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Santos Gabriel Driemeier dos , Manna Augusto Araboni Mendes Barcelos , Santos Carlos Henrique Marques dos
Published: June 2023

We herein present the case of a patient with anal condylomatosis concomitant with histoplasmosis, whose diagnosis was only possible through the collection of material and the subsequent evidence of a primary pulmonary focus. Histoplasmosis is a fungal disease whose contamination occurs through the respiratory route, and it can spread to the digestive tract, but the anus is rarely affected. It is important to have a high degree of suspicion to make the diagnosis, especially in immunosuppressed patients.
Possible Therapeutics for Pseudomyxoma Peritonei: A Rare, Lethal, and the Least Investigated Disease
Authors: Nazmeen Aarifa
Published: June 2023

Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) refers to a growth disorder characterized by glycoprotein neoplasm in the peritoneum, where mucin oversecretion occurs. The tumors of the appendix region are well associated with PMP; however, ovarian, colon, stomach, pancreas, and urachus tumors have also been linked to PMP. Other mucinous tumors in the pelvis, paracolic gutters, greater omentum, retrohepatic space, and Treitz ligament can be the reason for PMP. Despite being rare and having a slow growth rate, PMP can be lethal without treatment. It is treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy with the option of cytoreductive surgery and intraperitoneal chemotherapy. In the current study, we hypothesize that there may be novel gentle ways to inhibit or eliminate the mucin. Dr. David Morris has used mucolytics—such as bromelain and N-acetyl cysteine to solubilize mucin. In the present review, we aimed to study the regulation of mucin expression by promoter methylation, and drugs that can inhibit mucin, such as boldine, amiloride, naltrexone, dexamethasone, and retinoid acid receptors antagonist. This review also explored some possible pathways, such as inhibition of Na + , Ca2+ channels and induction of DNA methyltransferase along with inhibition of ten-eleven translocation enzymes, which can be good targets to control mucin. Mucins are strong adhesive molecules that play great roles in clinging to cells or cell to cell. Besides, they have been greatly involved in metastasis and also act as disease markers for cancers. Diagnostic markers may have exclusive roles in disease initiation and progression. Therefore, the present review explores various drugs to control and target mucin in various diseases, specifically cancers.
Epidemiological Characterization of Patients with Intestinal Stomas
Authors: Carneiro Liliane Moretti , Ferreira Adriano Menis , Rigotti Marcelo Alessandro , Sokem Jaqueline Aparecida dos Santos , Giroti Alessandra Lyrio Barbosa , Serra Rodrigo Aranda , Diniz Maiara Oliveira
Published: June 2023

Objective To characterize the sociodemographic and clinical variables of people with intestinal stomas.

Materials and Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study with 47 patients of a Specialized Rehabilitation Center (CER II/APAE) in the municipality of Três Lagoas, state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwestern Brazil, from December 2019 to June 2020. Data was analyzed using inferential descriptive statistics (Anderson-Darling, Chi-squared, and Mann-Whitney normality tests).

Results Regarding the patients, 87.23% were from Três Lagoas, 51.06% were female, 40.43% were aged from 60 to 69 years, 59.57% were married, 53.19% were brown, 59.57% were catholic, 36.17% finished elementary school, 46.81% were retired, and 57.45% earned a monthly income below 1 minimum wage. Moreover, 61.70% had undergone terminal colostomy (61.70%), 61.70% had received guidance about its placing, 57.45% had it placed due to situations of urgency, 74.47% had a stoma installed due to a neoplasia, 38.30% were permanent, with 46.81% located in the inferior left quadrant (ILQ), 59.57% presented pasty effluent, 63.83% had a circular diameter, 53.19% had pouches with 2 pieces and 57.45%, with a flexible base, 87.23% had other adjunct equipment, and 95.74% had been trained in self-care. The most common complication was skin/peristomal irritant contact dermatitis (59,57%), and 65,95% of these cases were solved by teaching self-care. The type of stoma was significantly associated with the consistency of the effluent and the size of the protrusion (p > 0.05).

Conclusion The results found can support strategies to implement practices to promote health, develop new public policies, to provide training in self-care, and prevent and treat complications.
Influencing Factors of Future Specialty Choice for Undergraduate Medical Students: An Updated Experience from the UAE
Authors: Al Zubaidi Abdulqader , AlBuqaish Salama , Ali Alaa , Ibrahim Mira , Marei Shoroogh , Nugud Shomous , Nugud Ahmed
Published: June 2023

Background Medical students' career choices determine the prospects of the future medical workforce, thus influencing the delivery of medical care. This study aims to identify and provide information about factors affecting the selection of future specialties among medical students.

Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on students in both preclerkship and clerkship phases at a single institution in the United Arab Emirates. A self-administered questionnaire included questions about demographic data, most preferred specialties, and influential factors. The influential factors were measured using a Likert scale.

Results Surgery and internal medicine were the most desired specialties, respectively. Gender has a significant role in influencing career choice. There was no association between preclerkship and clerkship students' career choices. The most influential factors were seeing good treatment outcomes and having abilities for the specialty.

Conclusions Surgery and internal medicine were the most preferred specialties, even though significant gender differences existed in specialty choices among these students.
Associations between Media Use and Executive Dysfunction among Preschool Children in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Wannapaschaiyong Prakasit , Wattanakijthamrong Saruta , Kallawicha Kraiwuth , Sutchritpongsa Sureelak
Published: June 2023

This study aims to describe the relation between media use characteristics and executive dysfunction in Thai preschoolers. Secondary data were retrieved from a cross-sectional study to compare two Thai executive functions (EFs) assessment forms. Questionnaire data from 110 caregivers of preschool children were analyzed. The research materials included a sociodemographic information form, parenting style and dimensions questionnaire, a 1-week screen time diary, and the behavior rating inventory of executive function-preschool version (BRIEF-P). Findings showed a 23.6% prevalence of executive dysfunction among Thai preschool children. Children's media use characteristics associated with global executive dysfunction included less co-viewing time with caregivers. Shorter co-viewing time was linked to a deficiency of inhibition, emotional control, and planning and organization. Meanwhile, extended viewing of low-quality content was associated with impaired working memory. However, total screen time and setting screen time limits were not associated with executive dysfunction. Co-viewing with caregivers and limiting exposure to low-quality content must be promoted to minimize the adverse effects on EF development.
Climbing up the ladder of abstraction: how to span the boundaries of knowledge space in the online knowledge market?
Authors: Cui Haochuan , Li Tiewei , Wang Cheng-Jun
Published: June 2023

The challenge of raising a creative question exists in recombining different categories of knowledge. However, the impact of recombination remains controversial. Drawing on the theories of knowledge recombination and category-spanning, we claim that the impact of knowledge spanning on the appeal of questions is contingent upon questions’ knowledge hierarchy in the knowledge space. Using word embedding models and network analysis to quantify knowledge spanning and knowledge hierarchy respectively, we test our hypotheses with the data collected from a large online knowledge market (N = 463,545). Knowledge spanning has an inverted U-shaped influence on the appeal of questions: the appeal of questions increases up to a threshold, after which point the positive effect reverses. However, with the increase in knowledge hierarchy, the inverted U-shape is weakened and disappears quickly. We fill the research gap by conceptualizing question-asking as knowledge-spanning and highlighting the theoretical underpinnings of knowledge hierarchy. The theoretical and practical implications for future research on knowledge recombination are discussed.
Retrofittable plug-flow reactor for in situ high-temperature vibrating sample magnetometry with well-controlled gas atmospheres
Authors: Almind Mads R. , Engbæk Jakob S. , Hansen Mikkel F. , Vendelbo Søren B. , Mortensen Peter M. , Damsgaard Christian D. , Veile Thomas , Chorkendorff Ib , Frandsen Cathrine
Published: June 2023

We have developed an in situ sample-holder—akin to a quartz-based plug-flow reactor—for vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) in gas-controlled environments at ambient pressure and temperatures up to ∼1000 °C. The holder matches onto a specific type of vibrating sample magnetometer (Lake Shore model 7404-S), but the principles are applicable to other types of VSM. The holder has been tested on powder samples of Co particles on a MgAl2O4 support in both reducing and oxidizing atmospheres. The results show control of gas composition and sample reduction/oxidation. In comparison with conventional sample cups, the in situ holder shows a similar measurement sensitivity but a better repeatability due to the well-controlled gas atmosphere. Moreover, the in situ holder uses a closed gas tubing system such that the active gas only passes by the sample and it is not in contact with the VSM and oven parts. At the outlet, the gas can be collected for analysis and safe handling.
Stability of the planar rarefaction wave to three-dimensional full
compressible Navier–Stokes–Poisson system
Authors: Li Yeping , Chen Yujuan , Chen Zhengzheng
Published: June 2023

A full compressible Navier–Stokes–Poisson system models the motion of viscous ions under the effect of variable temperature and plays important roles in the study of self-gravitational viscous gaseous stars and in simulations of charged particles in semiconductor devices and plasmas physics. We establish the time-asymptotic nonlinear stability of a planar rarefaction wave to the initial value problem of a three-dimensional full compressible Navier–Stokes–Poisson equation when the initial data are a small perturbation of the planar rarefaction wave. The proof is given by a delicate energy method, which involves highly non-trivial a priori bounds due to the effect of the self-consistent electric field. This appears as the first result on the nonlinear stability of wave patterns to the full compressible Navier–Stokes–Poisson system in multi-dimensions.
Generation of broadband non-diffraction millimeter-wave airy beams based on high-efficiency tri-layer metasurfaces
Authors: Zhang Zhengping , Zhang Dajun , Wang Xiong
Published: June 2023

Airy beams based on the Airy function, exhibiting a special curved parabolic trajectory, can effectively alleviate diffraction along its propagation and hold potential in many interesting applications. However, to date, the broadband and high-efficiency generation of non-diffraction Airy beams has remained largely unexplored, especially in the millimeter-wave range that is full of great application potential. In this paper, broadband 1-D and 2-D Airy beam generators utilizing high-efficiency tri-layer metasurfaces operating from 55 to 67 GHz are presented. The metasurfaces consist of elaborately tailored meta-atoms that can independently realize complete amplitude modulation from 1% to 98% and binary phase tuning of 0 and π. The Airy beam generators are engineered and verified by simulations and experiments, which demonstrate the broadband quasi-non-diffraction feature and curved trajectory of the Airy beam. Compared to the 1-D Airy beam generator, the measured quasi-non-diffraction propagation property of the 2-D Airy beam can be maintained by greater than 160 free-space wavelengths across the entire bandwidth. Self-reconstruction property of the 2-D Airy beam is also experimentally validated in the presence of metallic and dielectric obstacles. This work may benefit novel applications of Airy beams in millimeter-wave imaging and detection.
The effect of linear shear current on head-on collision of solitons
Authors: Ertekin R. Cengiz , Hayatdavoodi Masoud
Published: June 2023

Head-on collision of two solitary waves in the presence of linear shear currents is studied by the use of the High-Level Green–Naghdi (HLGN) theory. The finite difference method is used to solve the HLGN model in the time-domain simulation. The initial values are obtained by the steady solution of solitary waves in the presence of linear shear currents. Shear currents with different velocities are considered to assess their effect on the solitary-wave collision. Three aspects of the head-on collision process in the presence of shear current are studied, namely, the wave elevation, velocity field, and particle trajectory. Results show that the background linear shear current significantly affects the wave elevation, velocity field, and particle trajectory during the head-on collision. It is observed that in the presence of the current, the wave elevation is narrower near the maximum surface displacement and is wider near the still-water level. It is also shown that near the seafloor, the horizontal velocity is opposite of the current direction, while it is following the current direction near the free surface. The opposite shear current results in the formation of a vortex in the fluid field. At the point of the collision, the vortex appears at a lower vertical position and shifts upstream of the current direction. Following the particle trajectories in the presence of the shear current, it is observed that the particles do not return to their initial positions after the head-on collisions, and the loop motions of the particles become smaller with larger current velocities.
Noise-induced switching in dynamics of oscillating populations coupled by migration
Authors: Ryashko Lev , Belyaev Alexander , Bashkirtseva Irina
Published: June 2023

The problem of identifying the sources of switching in the dynamics of nonlinear coupled systems and their mathematical prediction is considered. We study a metapopulation system formed by two oscillating subpopulations coupled by mutual migration. For this model, parametric zones of mono-, bi-, and tri-rhythmicity with the coexistence of regular and chaotic attractors are revealed. The effects of random perturbations in the migration intensity parameter are studied both by methods of statistical analysis of the results of direct numerical simulation and by using the analytical technique of stochastic sensitivity. Noise-induced transitions between anti- and in-phase synchronization modes, as well as between order and chaos, are being studied. Here, the role of transient chaotic attractors and their fractal basins is discussed.
The psycholinguistic realization of topic in Chinese
Authors: Zhang Liulin
Published: June 2023

An OSV word order that deviates from the canonical SVO word order is typically viewed as derived through movement.
This theory has been widely supported by psycholinguistic studies showing that the displaced constituents are mentally reactivated
at the gap positions. However, some cognitive-functionalists have proposed an alternative account: in a topic-prominent language
like Chinese, topic is the basic unit of a sentence that delimits the frame within which the main predication holds. The present
study adopts the cross-modal antecedent priming technique to test whether the sentence-initial object is structurally associated
with the verb in native speakers’ online processing. Results of two experiments show that the sentence-initial object is not
associated with the verb whatsoever, neither lexically nor structurally, shedding light on the typological characteristics of
Chinese as a topic-prominent language. However, the processing of the antecedent object was shown facilitated at the
post-quantifier position.
Second-harmonic currents in rf-biased, inductively coupled discharges
Authors: Sobolewski Mark A
Published: June 2023

Capacitively-coupled plasmas generate strong current or voltage signals at harmonics of their driving frequencies. Inductively coupled plasma (icp) systems generally do not, unless they are equipped with capacitively-coupled rf bias, which generates strong signals at harmonics of its driving frequency. Recently, however, at an asymmetric, rf-biased electrode, a current component was detected at the second harmonic of the inductive source frequency, not the rf-bias frequency. The origin of this current is here investigated (in argon discharges at 1.3 Pa) by comparison with measurements made at a symmetric electrode and predictions made by two numerical models. The first simulates the sheath at the rf-biased electrode; the second models the plasma. Because capacitive coupling from the inductive source was minimized by a Faraday shield, the nonlinearity of the sheath contributes negligible second-harmonic current. Modulation of the photon flux in the plasma, however, produces a second-harmonic current photoemitted from the rf-biased electrode. The external circuitry and nonlinear inductive coupling produce a second-harmonic sheath voltage, which in turn generates second-harmonic current both directly and through a transit-time effect. The second model simulates how electrons emitted from the electrode—and then reflected at the quartz dielectric window of the inductive source—are deflected by the electric and magnetic fields in the plasma. It also gives predictions for the transit-time effect. Magnetic deflections and the transit-time effect usually dominate the electric deflection. Together these three mechanisms produce a second-harmonic current that has a Fourier amplitude approximately half the current that is elastically reflected at the icp window. These results suggest it may be possible to use the second-harmonic current to determine the elastic reflection coefficient at the window.
Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchoring is required for the proper transport and extensive glycosylation of a classical arabinogalactan protein precursor in tobacco BY-2 cells
Authors: Nagasato Daiki , Sugita Yuto , Tsuno Yuhei , Tanaka Rutsuko , Fukuda Maki , Matsuoka Ken
Published: June 2023

Many precursors of plant arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) contain a C-terminal glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchoring signal. Using NtAGP1, a classical tobacco AGP, as a model, and green fluorescent protein (GFP) and sweet potato sporamin (SPO) as tags, we analyzed the localization and modification of AGP and its mutant without GPI-anchoring signal (AGPΔC) in tobacco BY-2 cells. The NtAGP1 fusion proteins migrated as large smear on SDS-polyacrylamide gel, and these proteins also localized preferentially to the plasma membrane. In contrast, fusions of AGPΔC with GFP and SPO yielded several forms: The largest were secreted, whereas others were recovered in the endomembrane organelles, including vacuoles. Comparison of the glycan structures of the microsomal SPO-AGP and the secreted SPO-AGPΔC using antibodies against the glycan epitopes of AGP indicated that the glycan structures of these proteins are different. These observations indicate that GPI-anchoring is required for the proper transport and glycosylation of the AGP precursor.
Depletion of Gr1+ myeloid cells attenuates high-fat-diet-aggravated esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in mice
Authors: Jianmin Peng , Qinchao Hu , Chunyang Wang , Jiayu Zhang , Siyu Wang , Li Wang , Juan Xia , Bin Cheng
Published: June 2023

Obesity is a leading cause of multiple cancers, but whether it promotes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and its underlying cancer-promoting mechanism remains unclear. To evaluate the effect of a high-fat diet (HFD) on ESCC and explore the role and mechanism of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in HFD-induced ESCC, C57BL/6J mice were treated with 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide (4NQO) to induce ESCC and randomly assigned to an HFD or a normal-fat diet. An anti-Gr1 monoclonal antibody was used to deplete MDSCs in the context of experimental diets and ESCC induction. The expression of MDSC markers CD11b and Gr1 and immune checkpoints (ICs) PD1, TIM3, and VISTA in lesions were detected by immunohistochemistry. The correlation between myeloid cell markers (CD11b and CD33) and ICs and their relationship with ESCC patient prognosis were further analyzed using the The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset. The results showed that HFD accelerated esophageal carcinogenesis, induced MDSC expansion, and upregulated IC expression, whereas depletion of Gr1+ myeloid cells significantly suppressed tumor growth, decreased the number of MDSCs, and downregulated IC expression in HFD mice. PD1, TIM3, and VISTA expressions were positively correlated with myeloid cell marker expression in human ESCC. Moreover, the high expression of IC molecules was associated with poor survival in patients with ESCC. These data indicate that HFD promotes the initiation and development of ESCC. Gr1+ myeloid cell targeting significantly inhibited ESCC formation in HFD mice, which may be associated with IC downregulation.
Increased Lung Cancer Risk and Associated Risk Factors in Tuberculosis Survivors: A Korean Population-Based Study
Authors: Moon Seong Mi , Choi Hayoung , Kim Sang Hyuk , Kang Hyung Koo , Park Dong Won , Jung Jin Hyung , Han Kyungdo , Shin Dong Wook , Lee Hyun
Published: June 2023

Background

Few studies have comprehensively evaluated the risk of lung cancer in tuberculosis survivors with consideration of smoking status and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, little is known about lung cancer risk factors in tuberculosis survivors.

Methods

This population-based cohort study enrolled tuberculosis survivors (n = 75 467) between 2010 and 2017 and 1:1 age- and sex-matched controls. Subjects were followed up for 1 year from the date of tuberculosis diagnosis to the date of the incident lung cancer, death, or December 2018, whichever came first. The risk of lung cancer was evaluated according to smoking and COPD status. We also evaluated the risk factors for lung cancer and developed an individualized lung cancer prediction model for tuberculosis survivors.

Results

During a median follow-up duration of 4.8 years, the incident lung cancer risk was 1.72-fold higher in tuberculosis survivors than in the controls. Among tuberculosis survivors, those who were current smokers with ≥20 pack-years showed the highest risk of lung cancer (adjusted hazard ratio, 6.78) compared with never-smoker, non–tuberculosis-infected controls. tuberculosis survivors with COPD had a higher risk (2.43) than non-COPD, non–tuberculosis-infected controls. Risk factors for lung cancer in tuberculosis survivors were pulmonary tuberculosis, age >60 years, smoking, and the presence of COPD or asthma. The individualized lung cancer risk model showed good discrimination (concordance statistic = 0.827).

Conclusions

Previous tuberculosis infection is an independent risk factor regardless of smoking status or amount and COPD. Closer monitoring of tuberculosis survivors, especially heavy smokers or those with COPD, is needed for early lung cancer diagnosis.
‘Meteorology’ and ‘meteors’ across centuries: a short history of two problematic terms
Authors: Novotný Matěj , Kocánová Barbora , Müller Miloslav
Published: June 2023

The article is dedicated to meaning variations and transformations in the terms meteorology and meteor from antiquity to the present. It is argued that the use of the word meteor as a noun denoting a specific meteorological phenomenon only became established in the Renaissance, as the Greek adjective μετέωρος ‘raised, aloft’ in the substantivized neuter form was originally used in the plural to denote objects in the high in a very general way and in the singular to denote an area, not an object. In the Middle Ages, in contrast, it was the Latin terms impressio or passio that were generally employed to denote meteorological phenomena. An emphasis is also placed on how the term meteorology was problematic in a way from the very beginning, rather than only today, when the term meteor has become more astronomical than meteorological in its first meaning, and efforts have been made to replace the name of the science with completely different terms.
Cardiovascular adverse events and prognosis in patients with haematologic malignancies and breast cancer receiving anticancer agents: Kurume-CREO Registry insights
Authors: Shibata Tatsuhiro , Nohara Shoichiro , Morikawa Nagisa , Shibao Kodai , Ito Shinichiro , Shibata Ryo , Toh Uhi , Nagafuji Koji , Fukami Kei , Fukumoto Yoshihiro
Published: June 2023

Aims

Cancer treatment–related cardiovascular toxicity (CTR-CVT) is a growing concern in patients undergoing anticancer therapy. The Heart Failure Association (HFA) and International Cardio-Oncology Society (ICOS) risk assessment tools have been proposed for the baseline cardiovascular (CV) risk stratification of patients with cancer. This study investigated the incidence of CV adverse events in clinical practice, also using the HFA-ICOS risk tool.

Methods and results

This single-centre, prospective, observational study was conducted at Kurume University Hospital from October 2016 to August 2021, including patients aged ≥20 years with haematologic malignancies or breast cancer who were receiving anticancer agents. Cardiovascular assessments were performed at enrolment and every 6 months until August 2021, with additional assessments for suspected CV adverse events. The primary endpoint was common terminology criteria for adverse events v4.0 Grade ≥2, and the secondary endpoints were all-cause and CV deaths. Of the enrolled 486 patients, CV adverse events occurred in 24.5, 15.8, 38.1, and 18.0% of patients with leukaemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma, and breast cancer, respectively. Patients at high or very high risk had a significantly higher incidence of CV events, according to the HFA-ICOS risk tool. Cardiovascular death occurred in 4 (0.8%) patients during follow-up.

Conclusion

This study revealed that 16–38% of patients with haematologic malignancies and breast cancer developed CTR-CVT during follow-up, in which patients with high/very high risk were well predicted by the HFA-ICOS risk assessment tool. Monitoring and managing CV risk factors are essential for safe cancer therapy.
Temporal Relationships Between Nursing Home Staff Care Approaches and Behaviors of Residents With Dementia During Mealtimes: A Sequential Analysis
Authors: Liu Wen , Perkhounkova Yelena , Hein Maria , Bakeman Roger
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives

Optimal dyadic interactions are critical to quality mealtime care and outcomes. Prior work supports associative relationships between staff approaches and individual mealtime behaviors, yet evidence on temporal relationships is limited. This study examined temporal associations between staff approaches and resident behaviors during mealtimes.

Research Design and Methods

Videotaped mealtime observations (N = 160) involving 36 staff and 27 residents (53 staff–resident dyads) in 9 nursing homes were analyzed. Sequential analyses using 5-, 10-, and 15-second time windows were conducted for resident positive, neutral, and challenging behaviors as antecedents as well as consequences of staff person-centered and task-centered approaches.

Results

Residents exhibited positive verbal (35.0%) and positive/neutral nonverbal (12.6%) behaviors, as well as challenging behaviors including functional impairments (27.7%) and resistive behaviors (24.7%). Staff primarily used person-centered approaches (54.1% verbal, 40.3% nonverbal); task-centered approaches were less frequent (5.6%). Immediately (within 5 seconds) after staff person-centered approaches, resident positive/neutral and resistive behaviors were more likely, and functional impairments less likely. After staff task-centered approaches, resident positive verbal and resistive behaviors were less likely. After resident positive/neutral behaviors, staff person-centered approaches were more likely. After resident functional impairments, staff person-centered verbal approaches were less likely, and task-centered approaches more likely. After resident resistive behaviors, all staff approaches were more likely. The strength of temporal relationships diminished in 10-second and 15-second time windows.

Discussion and Implications

Staff–resident positive interactions were associated with more subsequent positive interactions. Person-centered care was associated with fewer subsequent resident functional impairments and more subsequent resistive behaviors. Resident resistive behaviors were associated with more subsequent person-centered and task-centered care. Findings confirm the importance of facilitating positive staff–resident interactions and managing functional impairments using person-centered care. Resistive behaviors require additional awareness and attention beyond commonly used person-centered care approaches. Further investigation of temporal relationships is needed using larger diverse samples.
War, peace and commerce and the Treaty of London (1604)
Authors: Gajda Alexandra
Published: June 2023

The Treaty of London (1604) brought an end to the long Anglo-Spanish War. Scholars have assumed that peace was broadly welcomed, especially among the English mercantile community. Yet many merchants had made vast fortunes from the war, through privateering or opening trade routes with Spain’s imperial territories. This article demonstrates that the lobbying of merchants significantly shaped the negotiations for the Treaty of London. Simultaneously, multiple manuscript treatises arguing pro or contra peace were widely circulated: these foregrounded commercial concerns in their analysis of foreign policy.
An Explicit Minorant for the Amenability Constant of the Fourier Algebra
Authors: Choi Yemon
Published: June 2023

We show that if a locally compact group $G$ is non-abelian, then the amenability constant of its Fourier algebra is $\geq 3/2$, extending a result of [9] who proved that this holds for finite non-abelian groups. Our lower bound, which is known to be best possible, improves on results by previous authors and answers a question raised by [16]. To do this, we study a minorant for the amenability constant, related to the anti-diagonal in $G\times G$, which was implicitly used in Runde’s work but hitherto not studied in depth. Our main novelty is an explicit formula for this minorant when $G$ is a countable virtually abelian group, in terms of the Plancherel measure for $G$. As further applications, we characterize those non-abelian groups where the minorant attains its minimal value and present some examples to support the conjecture that the minorant always coincides with the amenability constant.
A novel de-novo RB1 mutation identified in a patient with bilateral retinoblastoma
Authors: Fukushima Hiroko , Suzuki Ryoko , Hiraoka Takahiro , Suzuki Shigenobu , Noguchi Emiko , Takada Hidetoshi
Published: June 2023

Retinoblastoma manifests as ocular malignancy due to mutations in the RB1 gene. A 17-month-old girl with bilateral retinoblastoma having no family history was admitted to our hospital. The right eye was enucleated but the other was preserved with systemic chemotherapy and topical treatment. The patient has been tumor-free for over 7 years since diagnosis. All exons of RB1 were sequenced and a novel 1-base pair deletion (NM_000321.2:c.2409del, p.Asn803Lysfs*7) was detected.
TIM-3 signaling contributes to the suppressive capacity of Tregs from people with HIV on antiretroviral therapy
Authors: Nieves-Rosado Hector M , Jacobs Jana L , Naqvi Asma , Mellors John W , Macatangay Bernard J C , Kane Lawrence P
Published: June 2023

TIM-3 expression is increased on peripheral regulatory T cells (Tregs) of virally suppressed persons with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy (PWH-ART). However, the relevance of TIM-3 expression in this setting is unclear. We used flow cytometry to evaluate the suppressive phenotype and signaling pathways in peripheral TIM-3− vs TIM-3+ Tregs in PWH-ART. TIM-3+ Tregs showed increased expression of IL-10 compared with persons without HIV-1. In addition, TIM-3+ Tregs displayed elevated signaling and activation, relative to TIM-3− Tregs from the same PWH-ART. Dramatically, TIM-3 blockade restrained the in vitro suppressive capacity of peripheral Tregs. Therefore, our data demonstrate not only that TIM-3 expression by Tregs is associated with an immunosuppressive response among PWH-ART, but also that TIM-3 contributes directly to the enhanced suppressive activity of Tregs in this setting.
Axial conduit widening, tree height, and height growth rate set the hydraulic transition of sapwood into heartwood
Authors: Petit Giai , Mencuccini Maurizio , Carrer Marco , Prendin Angela Luisa , Hölttä Teemu
Published: June 2023

The size-related xylem adjustments required to maintain a constant leaf-specific sapwood conductance (KLEAF) with increasing height (H) are still under discussion. Alternative hypotheses are that: (i) the conduit hydraulic diameter (Dh) at any position in the stem and/or (ii) the number of sapwood rings at stem base (NSWr) increase with H. In addition, (iii) reduced stem elongation (ΔH) increases the tip-to-base conductance through inner xylem rings, thus possibly the NSWr contributing to KLEAF. A detailed stem analysis showed that Dh increased with the distance from the ring apex (DCA) in all rings of a Picea abies and a Fagus sylvatica tree. Net of DCA effect, Dh did not increase with H. Using sapwood traits from a global dataset, NSWr increased with H, decreased with ΔH, and the mean sapwood ring width (SWrw) increased with ΔH. A numerical model based on anatomical patterns predicted the effects of H and ΔH on the conductance of inner xylem rings. Our results suggest that the sapwood/heartwood transition depends on both H and ΔH, and is set when the carbon allocation to maintenance respiration of living cells in inner sapwood rings produces a lower gain in total conductance than investing the same carbon in new vascular conduits.
Senescence-related receptor kinase 1 functions downstream of WRKY53 in regulating leaf senescence in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Qi , Li Xiaoxu , Guo Cun , Wen Lichao , Deng Zhichao , Zhang Zenglin , Li Wei , Liu Tao , Guo Yongfeng
Published: June 2023

Receptor-like kinases (RLKs) are the most important class of cell surface receptors, and play crucial roles in plant development and stress responses. However, few studies have been reported about the biofunctions of RLKs in leaf senescence. Here, we characterized a novel Arabidopsis RLK-encoding gene, SENESCENCE-RELATED RECEPTOR KINASE 1 (SENRK1), which was significantly down-regulated during leaf senescence. Notably, the loss-of-function senrk1 mutants displayed an early leaf senescence phenotype, while overexpression of SENRK1 significantly delayed leaf senescence, indicating that SENRK1 negatively regulates age-dependent leaf senescence in Arabidopsis. Furthermore, the senescence-promoting transcription factor WRKY53 repressed the expression of SENRK1. While the wrky53 mutant showed a delayed senescence phenotype as previously reported, the wrky53 senrk1-1 double mutant exhibited precocious leaf senescence, suggesting that SENRK1 functions downstream of WRKY53 in regulating age-dependent leaf senescence in Arabidopsis.
Rotational spectra and astronomical search of five ethynyl derivatives of propene
Authors: Cabezas Carlos , Agúndez Marcelino , Liu Yi-Ting , Endo Yasuki , Cernicharo José
Published: June 2023

The interstellar discovery of the five cyano derivatives of propene brings interest in analogous molecules that could be detected in similar astronomical environments. In this context, ethynyl-propene derivatives are good candidates to be observed in the Taurus Molecular Cloud (TMC-1), where other cyano and ethynyl derivatives of hydrocarbons such as ethane, allene, propene, and cyclopentadiene, among others, have been detected. We have investigated the pure rotational spectra of the five ethynyl-propene derivatives to enable their interstellar detections. These molecular species have been produced by an electric discharge and their rotational spectra were characterized using a Balle–Flygare narrow band-type Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer operating in the frequency region of 4-40 GHz. The spectral analysis allowed us to derive accurate spectroscopic parameters to obtain reliable frequency predictions for astronomical searches. We do not detect any of these species in TMC-1 but we derive upper limits for the abundances for the five isomers.
Exotica in the globular cluster M4, studied with Chandra, HST, and the VLA
Authors: Lugger Phyllis M , Cohn Haldan N , Heinke Craig O , Zhao Jiaqi , Zhao Yue , Anderson Jay
Published: June 2023

Using the Hubble Ultraviolet Globular Cluster Survey (HUGS) and additional HST archival data, we have carried out a search for optical counterparts to the low-luminosity Chandra X-ray sources in the globular cluster M4 (NGC 6121). We have also searched for optical or X-ray counterparts to radio sources detected by the VLA. We find 24 new confident optical counterparts to Chandra sources for a total of 40, including the 16 previously identified. Of the 24 new identifications, 18 are stellar coronal X-ray sources (active binaries, ABs), the majority located along the binary sequence in a V606–I814 colour–magnitude diagram and generally showing an H α excess. In addition to confirming the previously detected cataclysmic variable (CV, CX4), we identify one confident new CV (CX76), and two candidates (CX81 and CX101). One MSP is known in M4 (CX12), and another strong candidate has been suggested (CX1); we identify some possible MSP candidates among optical and radio sources, such as VLA20, which appears to have a white dwarf counterpart. One X-ray source with a sub-subgiant optical counterpart and a flat radio spectrum (CX8, VLA31) is particularly mysterious. The radial distribution of X-ray sources suggests a relaxed population of average mass $\sim 1.2\!-\! 1.5\, \mbox{$\mathrm{ M_\odot} $}$. Comparing the numbers of ABs, MSPs, and CVs in M4 with other clusters indicates that AB numbers are proportional to cluster mass (primordial population), MSPs to stellar encounter rate (dynamically formed population), while CVs seem to be produced both primordially and dynamically.