bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hematological side effect analysis of linezolid in MDR-TB patients with individual therapy
Authors: Pratama Novan Yusuf Indra , Zulkarnain Bambang Subakti , Soedarsono  , Fatmawati Umi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study aimed to estimate the prevalence and analyze the risk factors for linezolid-induced hematological side effects in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients.

Methods

Data were collected from medical records of MDR-TB patients who received linezolid between January 2018 and May 2020. Statistical significance analysis and multivariate analysis were performed with SPSS version 24 software.

Results

Hematological side effects were identified in 27 out of 93 patients (29.0%). The most prevalent effect was anemia (29.0%), while the less prevalent effects were thrombocytopenia (3.2%) and leukopenia (2.2%). These side effects were reported after 2 weeks of linezolid treatment. The drug dose was more than 11 mg/kgBW/day or patient weighing less than 54 kg was identified as an independent risk factor for anemia in multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

Anemia was the most prevalent of linezolid-induced hematological side effects in MDR-TB patients. Therefore, hemoglobin monitoring might be recommended in patients weighing less than 54 kg and after receiving linezolid therapy for at least 2 weeks.
The effect of pillbox use and education by pharmacist toward medication adherence in diabetes mellitus patients in a Primary Health Care Center in Mataram
Authors: Andanalusia Mahacita , Nita Yunita , Athiyah Umi
Published: July 2021

Objectives

Nonadherence to a long-term therapy, including diabetes mellitus, is one of the global problems that need to be overcome. This study aims to determine the effect of pillbox use and education by pharmacists toward medication adherence in patients with diabetes mellitus in a Primary Health Care Center in Mataram.

Methods

This research was an experimental research design with pretest-posttest with control group design. The study was conducted from October to December 2019 at Tanjung Karang Primary Health Care Center, Mataram. Measurement of adherence was done using the Adherence to Refill and Medication Scale questionnaire. The higher the score, the more nonadherence the patients. Patients were divided into three groups, which were the control group, educational intervention group, and pillbox and educational intervention group. Each group consisted of 11 patients.

Results

Patients’ medication adherence increased from 19.54 (SD 4.37) to 15.18 (SD 2.64) in the education and pillbox intervention group (p=0.004). Whereas, in the education and control group, the adherence did not provide a significant change (p>0.05). Based on the difference in adherence scores, it was known that what contributed to changes in compliance was refilling medicine and intentional nonadherence in taking medicine subscale (p=0.024).

Conclusions

Providing education and pillbox done by pharmacists at the Primary Health Care Center can increase adherence to the therapy of diabetes mellitus patients. Pharmacists at the Primary Health Care Center can use the intervention model to improve the level of adherence of patients with chronic illness.
Development, characterization, molecular docking, and in vivo skin penetration of coenzyme Q10 nanostructured lipid carriers using tristearin and stearyl alcohol for dermal delivery
Authors: Aryani Ni Luh Dewi , Siswodihardjo Siswandono , Soeratri Widji , Sari Nadia Fitria Indah
Published: July 2021

Objectives

This study aims to develop coenzyme Q10 nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) using tristearin and stearyl alcohol as well as isopropyl palmitate (IPP) as solid and liquid lipid respectively for the dermal delivery system.

Methods

The coenzyme Q10 NLCs were optimized using tristearin, and stearyl alcohol in different concentrations and further characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) for particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffractometry for crystallinity behavior, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) for drug-lipid interaction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for particle shape, viscometer for viscosity, and pH meter for pH value. Furthermore, entrapment efficiency (EE), drug loading (DL), and skin penetration in vivo were also evaluated while molecular docking was conducted to examine the interaction between coenzyme Q10 and the lipids.

Results

The coenzyme Q10 NLCs with tristearin-IPP and stearyl alcohol-IPP as lipid matrix had <1,000 nm particle size, <0.3 PDI, less negative than −30 mV zeta potential, about 41% crystallinity index, and about six as the pH value. Moreover, the EE, DL, viscosity, and in vivo skin penetration of the NLCs using tristearin were higher compared to stearyl alcohol, however, the skin penetration depths for both NLCs were not significantly different. Furthermore, the in silico binding energy of coenzyme Q10-tristearin was lower compared to coenzyme Q10-stearyl alcohol. Both of them showed hydrophobic and van der Waals interaction.

Conclusions

The NLCs of coenzyme Q10 were formulated successfully using tristearin-IPP and stearyl alcohol-IPP for dermal delivery.
Spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews and metaanalyses focused on percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Cole Wesley Tanner , Wittl Peter , Arthur Wade , Ottwell Ryan , Greiner Benjamin , Koshy Gershon , Chronister Justin , Hartwell Micah , Staheli Jonathan , Wright Drew N. , Sealey Meghan , Zhu Lan , Vassar Matt
Published: July 2021

Context

“Spin” is a form of bias that involves highlighting study results in a way that presents the conclusions about benefit or efficacy beyond the scope of the data. Spin in the abstract of published studies has the potential to affect patient care, making investigations about its presence and prevalence important for readers.

Objectives

To evaluate the most severe types of spin in the abstracts of systematic reviews and metaanalyses focused on percutaneous coronary intervention.

Methods

Using a cross sectional study design, the authors searched MEDLINE and Embase with the terms “percutaneous coronary intervention,” “percutaneous coronary revascularization,” “PCI,” “systematic review,” “meta analysis,” and “meta-analysis.” To be considered for this study, the article must have (1) focused on PCI; (2) had either a systematic review or metaanalysis study design; (3) been conducted on human subjects; and (4) been available in English. Reviews were excluded if these criteria were not met. Each included article was assessed for the nine most severe types of spin as defined in a previously published article, as well as other study characteristics (type of intervention being compared, date the review was received, adherence of systematic review and/or meta-analysis to Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews or Metanalyses (PRISMA) guidelines, requirement of PRISMA guidelines by the publishing journal, the publishing journal’s five-year impact factor, and sources of funding).

Results

Our database search retrieved 7,038 records; 2,190 duplicates were removed. Initial title and abstract screening led to the exclusion of 4,367 records, and an additional 281 records were excluded during full text screening. An arbitrary limit of 200 articles was applied for this analysis; five additional articles were excluded for ineligible study design, so 195 were included in our final analysis. Spin was present in the abstracts of 43 studies from that pool (22.1%). Spin type 3—selective reporting of or overemphasis on efficacy outcomes or analysis favoring the beneficial effect of the experimental intervention—occurred most frequently (29; 14.8%). The presence of spin was not associated with any of the extracted study characteristics.

Conclusions

Our data showed that spin occurred in more than one in every five systematic reviews or metaanalyses of PCI. Spin has the potential to distort a reader’s ability to translate the true findings of a study; therefore, efforts are needed to prevent spin from appearing in article summaries.
English in a multilingual ecology: “structures of feeling” in South and Central Asia
Authors: Sultana Shaila , Bolander Brook
Published: July 2021

The paper foregrounds analysis of the significance of English in individual and collective life in relation to a myriad of feelings that religious and ethnic minorities experience in South and Central Asia within their multilingual ecology. The data reveal an entangling of varied yet coexisting emotions on the part of these minorities in Bangladesh, Pakistan, and Tajikistan in relation to English and its positioning vis-à-vis other languages. The discursive realisation of emotion also gives a nascent understanding of the historical, political, social, cultural, and material significance of English at the microlevel – as the language is practised, nurtured, and sustained with anxieties and insecurities as well as desires and hopes of its users. Most importantly, the data indicate that English is used to legitimise ethnic and religious identity by minority communities. Drawing on findings from two ethnographic case studies, the paper thereby suggests the necessity of exploring individual metalinguistic awareness and subjective “structures of feeling” (Park, Joseph Sung-Yul. 2015. Structures of feeling in unequal Englishes. In Ruanni Tupas (ed.), Unequal Englishes, 59–73. London: Palgrave Macmillan) of users of English in order to understand its shifting meanings in varied contexts of Asia. The paper thereby brings together understudied areas in Asia, whilst also going beyond a South/Central Asia divide by incorporating studies from both (Bolander, Brook and Till Mostoslansky. 2017. Introducing language and globalisation in South and Central Asian spaces.International Journal of the Sociology of Language247; Bolander, Brook & Shaila Sultana. 2019. Ordinary English amongst Muslim communities in South and Central Asia.International Journal of Multilingualism16(2). 162–174).
Functionalized graphene-based nanocomposites for smart optoelectronic applications
Authors: Sagadevan Suresh , Shahid Muhammad Mehmood , Yiqiang Zhan , Oh Won-Chun , Soga Tetsuo , Anita Lett Jayasingh , Alshahateet Solhe F. , Fatimah Is , Waqar Ahmed , Paiman Suriati , Johan Mohd Rafie
Published: July 2021

The recent increase in the use of graphene and its derivatives is due to their exceptional physicochemical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal properties as the industrial materials developed by involving graphene structures can fulfill future needs. In that view, the potential use of these graphene-containing nanomaterials in electronics applications has encouraged in-depth exploration of the electronic, conducting, and other functional properties. The protecting undifferentiated form of graphene has similarly been proposed for various applications, for example, as supercapacitors, photovoltaic and transparent conductors, touch screen points, optical limiters, optical frequency converters, and terahertz devices. The hybrid composite nanomaterials that undergo stimulus-induced optical and electrical changes are important for many new technologies based on switchable devices. As a two-dimensional smart electronic material, graphene has received widespread attention, and with that view, we aim to cover the various types of graphene oxide (GO)-based composites, linking their optical and electrical properties with their structural and morphological ones. We believe that the topics covered in this review can shed light on the development of high-yield GO-containing electronic materials, which can be fabricated as the field moves forward and makes more significant advances in smart optoelectronic devices.
Compounds isolated from hexane fraction of Alternanthera brasiliensis show synergistic activity against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Adesanya Enitan Omobolanle , Sonibare Mubo Adeola , Ajaiyeoba Edith Oriabure , Egieyeh Samuel Ayodele
Published: July 2021

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) has been classified as a “serious threat” by the centre for Disease Control, USA. Alternanthera brasiliensis plant, usually found on wasteland, belongs to the family Amaranthaceae. It is traditionally used for wound healing and has shown antimicrobial effect. Yet, this plant has not been fully explored for its antibacterial activity. Hence, this study evaluated isolated compounds from this plant for its activity against MRSA infections. The leaves extracts and fractions were prepared and concentrated in vacuo using a rotatory evaporator. Isolated compounds were obtained through vacuum liquid chromatographic (VLC) techniques and structurally elucidated with various spectroscopic techniques. Anti-MRSA assay of the fraction and compounds were evaluated by agar-well diffusion and broth-dilution methods while checkerboard assay was used to determine the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICi). The Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS) and High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) analysis revealed fatty acid and carboxylic acid components like hexadecanoic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate and Fettsäure. The compounds AbHD1 and AbHD5 were identified as hexadecanoic acid and di (ethylhexyl) phthalate. Anti-MRSA assay shows that A. brasiliensis hexane fraction (AbHF) and the compounds had zones of inhibitions (Zi) ranging from 7.3 ± 0.5 to 17.5 ± 0.5 mm with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) between 1.22 × 10−5 – 2.5 mg/mL. Synergistic effects were observed between AbHF and erythromycin, AbHF and ampicillin and AbHF and ciprofloxacin with FICi 0.208–0.375 in K1St4 strain while amoxicillin revealed antagonistic effects against M91 strain (4.67). Similarly, hexadecanoic acid and di (ethylhexyl) phthalate showed synergistic behaviour only with ampicillin against K1St4 while the rest were antagonistic. The study revealed that hexadecanoic acid and di (ethylhexyl) phthalate isolated from A. brasiliensis showed synergistic activity in variations against MRSA isolate and strains.
Indophenol and related dyes
Authors: Mustroph Heinz , Towns Andrew
Published: July 2021

This article covers three closely related types of colorant: the indophenol class of dyes plus those of their indaniline and indamine counterparts. Their roots stretch all the way back to the mid-nineteenth-century period during which synthetic dyes were successfully commercialized for the first time. The early history and subsequent development of these classes are briefly surveyed along with their chemistry. Two of their most important applications involve the synthesis of the dyes as part of the coloration process: the development of images from photographic film and the dyeing of hair. This introduction to indo dyes closes by describing their role in these and other coloration processes.
Los primeros sitios de automóviles de alquiler y autotaxímetros en la ciudad de México: agentes, regulaciones y conflictos, 1905-1917
Authors: Franco de los Reyes Diego Antonio
Published: July 2021

El automóvil llegó a la ciudad de México a principios del siglo xx como un artículo de lujo. Éste resultaba atractivo por la experiencia novedosa que ofrecía como medio de transporte, así como por la reducción de los tiempos necesarios para desplazarse en la ciudad. Los vehículos de alquiler y los autotaxímetros fueron el primer paso en la apertura del acceso de los viajes motorizados a un público más amplio. En este trabajo se muestra un panorama general de la regulación del servicio y del conjunto de autoridades, empresarios y trabajadores relacionados. Se enfatizan las consecuencias en el espacio de la capital y algunos conflictos administrativos que generaron en torno al uso de las calles.
Eduardo Miranda y José Magaña, Por el Rey y por la Independencia Mexicana, José Gabriel Armijo y Vicente Guerrero (1814-1821)
Authors: Saldaña Nájera Carlos Ernesto
Published: July 2021

Reseña a: Eduardo Miranda y José Magaña, Por el Rey y por la Independencia Mexicana, José Gabriel Armijo y Vicente Guerrero (1814-1821)
Los médicos costarricenses formados en México durante el cardenismo: retorno e inserción laboral (1934-1961)
Authors: Calderón Blanco Marco Vinicio
Published: July 2021

El presente trabajo analiza el retorno de los estudiantes costarricenses que viajaron a México durante el cardenismo para cursar la carrera de medicina, con el fin de determinar su inserción laboral en el sistema de salud costarricense entre las décadas de 1940 y 1960. Se exploran las circunstancias que giraron alrededor del retorno y la inserción laboral de dichos profesionales. Al respecto, se evidencia que la integración a la fuerza de trabajo del Hospital San Juan de Dios permitió un rápido ascenso en el escalafón médico. Esta dinámica posibilitó que un número considerable de los médicos tratados en el presente estudio ocuparan puestos de poder en instituciones de salud costarricenses, situación que llevó a que se integraran al proceso de creación de la Escuela de Medicina de la Universidad de Costa Rica, la cual entró en funciones en 1961.
Eugenia Allier Montaño, César Iván Vilchis Ortega y Camilo Vicente Ovalle (coords.), En la cresta de la ola: debates y definiciones en torno a la historia del tiempo presente
Authors: González Martínez Larisa
Published: July 2021

Reseña a: Eugenia Allier Montaño, César Iván Vilchis Ortega y Camilo Vicente Ovalle (coords.), En la cresta de la ola: debates y definiciones en torno a la historia del tiempo presente
Understanding Zones of Molecular Dimension in Poly (Lactic Acid) Composites through Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy: Correlation with Tensile Yield Test Measurements
Authors: Rane Ajay Vasudeo , Yadav Deepti , Kanny Krishnan , Revaprasadu Neerish , Thomas Sabu
Published: July 2021

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) filled poly (lactic acid) composites (MWCNTs PLAC) and hybrid poly (lactic acid) composites (HPLAC) filled with hybrid fillers, i.e., combining variable weight percentage of MWCNTs (0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 wt. %) and fixed weight percentage of carbon black (CB) (2.5 wt. %) were prepared using oligomeric dispersion. This article focuses on the use of attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy to analyze the intermolecular interactions and zones of molecular dimension within polymer composite materials. For the first time percent transmittance (%T) and transmittance area (A) of peaks from ATR-FTIR spectra were corroborated with the zones of molecular dimension within MWCNTs PLAC and HPLAC. Tensile measurements were performed on test specimens of MWCNTs PLAC and HPLAC, and the numerical values of tensile yield strength were determined. The numerical values of tensile yield test measurements of MWCNTs PLAC and HPLAC were then compared with the %T and A of MWCNTs PLAC and HPLAC ATR-FTIR spectra, which presented a new way to qualitatively analyze the zones of molecular dimension and their role toward the change in the tensile yield strength of the MWCNTs PLAC and HPLAC.
ÇANAKKALE BÖLGESİNDEN ALINAN MİDYE VE DENİZ SUYU ÖRNEKLERİNİN MİKROBİYOLOJİK KALİTELERİNİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: TOSUN Melike , TAYLAN Gizem , ZORBA Nükhet Nilüfer
Published: July 2021

Bu çalışmada Çanakkale bölgesinde belirlenen 9 farklı istasyondan toplanan 536 midye örneğinin ve her istasyondan alınan deniz suyunun mikrobiyolojik kalitesi belirlenmiştir. Midye örneklerinin toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteri yükünün en yüksek Merkez İskele istasyonunda (3.56 log kob/g) olduğu belirlenmiştir. En yüksek E. coli varlığı ise Gelibolu istasyonunda (1.99 log kob/g) saptanmıştır. Midyelerin mikrobiyel yüklerinin toplandıkları istasyonlar arasında istatistiksel anlamda farklı olmadığı (P>0.05) görülmüştür. Midyelerin toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteri sayısı ile toplandıkları deniz suyunun toplam mezofilik aerobik bakteri sayısı arasında pozitif yönde korelasyon tespit edilmiştir (P<0.05). Gelibolu ve Lapseki istasyonlarındaki mikrobiyel yükün diğer istasyonlara göre daha yüksek olduğu saptanmıştır. Genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde Gelibolu ve Lapseki bölgesi haricinde Çanakkale boğazının farklı noktalarından alınan midyelerin mikrobiyel kalitesinin yasal sınırlar içerisinde olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Counter-narratives
Authors: Husain Adrian A.
Published: July 2021

Adrian A. Husain, “Counter-narratives: Wuthering Heights and the Intervals of the Brutalized Self” (pp. 33–56)

This essay is concerned with meaning and genre and how these become accessible in our encounter with the critically strange. The focus is on a deconstruction and redefinition, by Emily Brontë in Wuthering Heights (1847), of “reality” as a given of domestic realism and a situating of the “real” in the interstices of Gothic romance and domestic realism. The essay contends that Brontë perceives the question of reality and the related question of genre as initially arising at the level of reading and as a problematic of perception necessarily linked to the esoteric nature of literary discourse itself. That reality, to be inclusive, must allow for the crucial idea of pain and the sentient self is understood. The departure from contemporary fiction is seen as involving a symbiosis and at the same time a radical disjunction between civil and visceral, localized and phantasmagorical, whereby a renewed reality—a new narrative space—is enabled to come about. Wuthering Heights is perceived as moving away, with a view to achieving a realized meaning, from the deliberate construct of language toward an involuntary and fragmented mimetic mode—or a language of the gut—more directly expressive of emotion. The essay argues that the production of a hybridized temporal perspective—or a “Bergsonian” time—is equally part of Brontë’s quest for reality.
Hardy’s Trees
Authors: Sater Maxwell
Published: July 2021

Maxwell Sater, “Hardy's Trees: Ecology and the Question of Knowledge in The Woodlanders” (pp. 92–115)

This essay attends to one of the stranger episodes in Thomas Hardy’s fiction: the inexplicably linked deaths of John South and the elm tree outside his house. I argue that this subplot is of central importance to The Woodlanders (1887) and to Hardy’s ecological thinking more generally. Hardy posits an episode that resists narrative accommodation: simply, it does not make sense. Its senselessness, I contend, indexes a broader discomfort with, and rejection of, what Stanley Cavell would call relations of knowing as the foundation of ecology. By reading The Woodlanders alongside Cavell, I suggest that Hardy develops an ecological mode of relation dependent neither on knowledge of nor on continuity with nonhuman worlds but, rather, on a negotiation of the epistemological and ontological limits inhering between, in this instance, humans and trees. For Hardy, humane ecological relations are possible in spite of those limits; in fact, seeking to transcend them, as the elm tree plot parodically demonstrates, can be counterproductive.
A few remarks on Czech interest limitation rules in the context of pandemic
Authors:   Masaryk University, Czech Republic, Kappel Jiří
Published: July 2021

This contribution focuses on an economic impact of the pandemic on Czech taxpayers in the context of the rule limiting deductibility of net financial expenses and thin capitalization rule. For this purpose, a hypothesis is proposed that these rules may in fact increase the negative economic impact of the pandemic.
David Lloyd George a sprawa polska na konferencji wersalskiej
Authors: Dziedzic Tadeusz
Published: July 2021

The Treaty of Versailles was signed after several months of deliberations at a peace conference convened to Paris after the end of World War I on 28 June 1919 in Paris by Germany and the Entente countries. It entered into force on 10 January 1920, i.e., on the day of its ratification. Delegations of 27 winning countries participated in the peace conference in Paris. The treaty completely changed the map of Europe and the prevailing political order. Many small countries found their place on the map, including the Republic of Poland re-emerging on the maps of Europe, although in smaller territorial ownership than before the Partition of Poland. The Polish delegation, including among others: Ignacy Jan Paderewski and Roman Dmowski, tried their best to restore the Poles to their lands. Lands which, as a result of the Partition, came under the rule of three powers, namely: Prussia, Austria, and Russia. However, the peace conference in Paris showed much reluctance on the part of the Big Five, which decided about the fate of post-war Europe towards Poland. Expectations of the Poles that their case would be supported by friendly British, American, or French politicians turned out to be deceptive. Especially the French, who seemed very favourable to Poland, at the peace conference completely obeyed the will of the British, who even intended to prevent the Poles in their quest to restore the pre-partition Polish borders. The British Prime Minister David Lloyd George, who turned out to expose his unfavourable attitude towards the Polish cause, was so uncompromising in his position that no arguments invoked by the Polish delegation appealed to him.
El hiperpresidencialismo como resultado de la interacción entre presidencialismo fuerte y populismo
Authors: Cerbone Pasquale
Published: July 2021

Este artículo retoma el debate sobre dos temas sempiternos de la literatura política latinoamericana: el presidencialismo y el populismo, presentando como novedad el no analizarlos individualmente, mas como elementos determinantes del sistema político de los diferentes contextos nacionales de la región, donde se presenta el fenómeno del hiperpresidencialismo. Además, se propone una perspectiva teórica en base a la cual la interacción entre presidencialismo y populismo es responsable de la existencia del gobierno hiperpresidencialista, particularmente cuando se logre a determinar la presencia de específicas condiciones factuales, que resultarían de la adopción del estilo populista por parte de un mandatario. Es así que, a partir de una amplia revisión bibliográfica basada en la producción scientífica sobre el contexto latinoamericano y mediante una lectura en combinado dispuesto de fuentes que analizan tanto las experiencias presidencialistas como populistas de la región considerada, se propone una dinámica descriptiva de la interacción antes mencionada.
Effect of chitosan molecular weight on the performance of chitosan-silica nanoparticle system in recycled pulp
Authors: Amiri Elmira , Rahmaninia Mehdi , Khosravani Amir
Published: July 2021

The application of chitosan biopolymer with and without nanoparticles in the papermaking process was investigated. The effect of the chitosan’s molecular weight on its interaction with silica nanoparticles in recycled old corrugated container pulp was studied. Initially, the nanosilica particles were analyzed via atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, which confirmed the spherical shape of the silica nanoparticles with diameter less than 5 nm. Dynamic light scattering method was used to determine the zeta potential and the hydrodynamic radius of the chitosan with different molecular weights. Infrared spectroscopy was used to show the possibility of hydrogen bonding between the chitosan and the nanosilica. The results showed that the chitosan with low and medium molecular weights in alkaline and in some neutral suspensions had better process performances. Increasing the molecular weights of the chitosan improved the mechanical properties. The influence of chitosan on the process parameters was dependent on different factors such as its configuration in the aqueous media before and after adsorption, its ability to penetrate the fiber pores, and its charge density. In contrast, the effect of chitosan on the strength of paper was influenced by its performance following adsorption and retention within the fibrous mat.
Evaluation of sugarcane leaves as a substrate for production of palmitoleic acid using Cyberlindnera subsufficiens NG8.2
Authors: Hoondee Patcharaporn , Pranimit Ratchana , Tanasupawat Somboon , Savarajara Ancharida
Published: July 2021

Oil was produced from sugarcane leaves hydrolysate (SLH) in the newly isolated oleaginous yeast Cyberlindnera subsufficiens NG8.2, using a two-stage cultivation method. The SLH contained sugars derived from both the dilute acid pretreatment of leaves and subsequent enzymatic hydrolysis (16.6 g/L of glucose and 15.87 g/L of xylose). The Cyberlindnera subsufficiens NG8.2 produced oil containing 18.73 wt% of palmitoleic acid, with a 0.99-g/L oil yield when grown in the SLH. Removal of phosphate from the SLH by Ca(OH)2 treatment (SLH-P) resulted in an increased oil yield of 1.38 g/L, but the palmitoleic acid content of the oil decreased to 12.45 wt%. Supplementation of the SLH-P with 3.12 mM of Mg2+ increased the palmitoleic acid content in the oil to 15.80 wt% and the oil yield to 1.58 g/L, with a palmitoleic acid yield of 2.09 mg/g sugarcane leaves. Thus, sugarcane leaves are a promising feedstock for palmitoleic acid production using Cyberlindnera subsufficiens NG8.2.
The Comparative Analysis of Sexual Violence and Harassment at the piloting Universities of Cyprus and Lithuania
Authors: Šidlauskienė Virginija , Pocevičienė Rasa
Published: July 2021

The sociocultural contexts of higher education institutions form the background for gender-based violence in professional structures and environment of academia. The article presents the comparative analysis of sexual violence and the reasons for its (non-)disclosure at the universities in Lithuania and Cyprus. The findings of focus group interviews conducted within the framework of the Ending Sexual Harassment and Violence in Third Level Education (ESHTE) project, co-funded by the European Union, have been summarized in the present research. The focus group participants from each partner university involved university teachers, administrative staff, counselors and university students. The research was conducted during a 3-month period between 2017 and 2018. The main aim was to investigate university staffs’ and students’ experiences in the disclosures of the cases of sexual violence and harassment (SVH) in university environment and campus, as well as their awareness of  existing procedures and policies in handling the cases of SVH. Their personal experiences, attitudes and beliefs of SVH, as well as any suggestions they have towards the improvement of disclosures of SVH are discussed in the article.
Ukrainian Migrants in Europe: Situation Depending on the Region of Stay
Authors: POZNIAK O. V.
Published: July 2021

Ukraine has become one of the largest donors of population and labor force in Europe. The assessment of the migration of Ukrainians to the countries of Europe is based on data from three national surveys on external labor migration (2008, 2012, 2017), a survey in the framework of the TEMPER project with the participation of the author (2017-2018), as well as data from a number of studies of Ukrainian labor migration conducted in Ukraine and in recipient countries. The purpose of the paper is a comparative analysis of the migration of Ukrainians to different regions of Europe. Methods of the research are system approach, method of complex use of information from different sources, comparative and graphic methods. Scientific novelty of the paper is to identify the features of external labor migration of citizens of Ukraine depending on the geographical direction of movement. The changes in the trends of external labor migration of Ukrainians that occurred since the independence are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the migration of Ukrainians to Western and Eastern Europe was carried out. It is shown that labor trips to countries neighboring Ukraine mostly remain circular and short-term. Migration to Western Europe is characterized by a transition from circular to permanent migration, with the formation of new Ukrainian Diasporas in the recipient countries. The composition of migrants to Western Europe by gender, age, level of education, regions of origin, legal status of stay abroad, etc. is analyzed in comparison with Ukrainian migrants to Eastern Europe and the employment population of Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the professional composition of migrants before and after departure. It is concluded that the increase in the share of the European Union in the structure of external labor migration from Ukraine is a positive phenomenon, as it contributes to the spread of European values in Ukrainian society. Future tendencies of Ukrainian migration, in particular in the context of COVID-19 epidemic are estimated. Proposals for improving the migration policy of Ukraine are presented.
Macroeconomic and institutional barriers of “normalization” of an enterprise’s financing models in Ukraine
Authors:   State Institution ", Zymovets Vladislav ,   Institute of Economics and Forecastingof the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine", Sheludko Nataliia ,   State Institution "Institute of Economics and Forecasting of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine", Shyshkov Stanislav ,   PJSC "Perspektiva Stock Exchange" (Dnipro), Ukraine
Published: July 2021

The conditions for raising capital and the availability of capital to finance business are important for the economic development of the country. They are especially relevant for countries with low capital accumulation. The article considers how the institutional environment and macro financial imbalances affect the conditions and ways of attracting capital by business structures in Ukraine. To assess this impact, the ratio of the supply of current assets in the financial market (money supply M3) and the demand of the state for them (public debt), which during 2008-2019 decreased from 2.7 to 0.7. That is unprecedentedly low level and is the reason for the reduction of bank lending to businessses. To assess the level of depletion of the banking system, the BSER indicator (the share of bank assets that is immobilized to finance public debt) was calculated. The growth of the indicator from 5.6% in 2008 to 51.5% in 2020 indicates a progressive depletion of the banking system due to the reallocation of banks' assets to finance public debt. Analysis of the trend of fund raising by business in the stock market by placing shares showed that the number of issues and their volumes during 2015-2020 decreased significantly, and not less than 90% of the volume is carried out to recapitalize banks (including state) and state enterprises sector of the economy. The hypothesis that the identified unfavourable macro financial and institutional factors (crowding out effect, high currency risk, insecurity of property rights, raiding activity, length of court proceedings, etc.) led to the spread of non-transparent business financing practices in Ukraine and segmentation of Ukraine was confirmed. It is proved that the accumulation of a significant part of current assets in the shadow segment creates an artificial deficit of capital in the market and does not contribute to intersectoral mobility of capital, which inhibits the economic development of the country. To solve this problem, a strategy was proposed to restore the functional capacity of the country's financial system by gradually reducing the share of banking system resources invested in public debt to 10%. To deepen the analytical justification of the results obtained in further research, it is advisable to pay special attention to modelling and forecasting the impact of macro financial and institutional factors on the choice of instruments and channels of business financing.
An approach to diagnosing suboptimal costs of energy sector enterprises
Authors:   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine, Turlakova Svitlana , Reznikov Roman ,   Institute of Industrial Economics of the NAS of Ukraine
Published: July 2021

An energy sector is one of the pivotal industries of an economy. Access to electricity is a basic need for citizens, as well as for all spheres of economic activity and it is a necessity for the successful functioning of many types of enterprises. Companies, which are a part of a national energy infrastructure, have strategical importance at a governmental level. In this paper it was offered the definition of non-optimal/suboptimal costs for the companies of the Ukrainian energy sector. There were reviewed models for assessing the efficiency of the functioning of companies and their applicability for non-optimal costs identification, considering the Ukrainian energy sector context. Also, in was conducted an analysis of approaches to the financial diagnostics of enterprises. It was defined that high inflation does not allow full use of some of the approaches to find suboptimal costs. It is proved that without auxiliary analysis, none of the models considered corresponds to the business requirements and capable of identifying non-optimal costs of the companies in the energy sector of industry. An approach that combines various models for assessing the efficiency of an enterprise, financial analysis and modern means of collecting, processing and analyzing data to automate the process of searching for non-optimal costs at enterprises of the energy sector of Ukraine was proposed. The application of the proposed methodology will minimize labour losses for such a comprehensive analysis, automate the benchmarking process of the analyzed company and provide information to the company’s management, helping to identify areas of the company, where there are non-optimal costs are located and which can be optimized to improve the efficiency of the company. Dynamic reports about a company’s functioning and an assessment of the efficiency according to the proposed models will allow to initiate a project or program to optimize costs in a particular area of such a company. The effectiveness of this approach will largely depend on the effectiveness of the selected and implemented cost optimization program. The promising areas of further researches were identified, in particular – the prioritization of projects to optimize costs, identification of risks, associated with minimizing non-optimal costs, monitoring the implementation of projects and programs to optimize costs. The further direction of researches will be defined after the pilot implementation of the proposed methodology on one of the companies in the Ukrainian energy sector.
CONSTITUTIONAL PROCESS IN THE USSR DURING THE CRISIS OF THE SOVIET SYSTEM (SECOND HALF OF THE 1960’S – FIRST HALF 1980’S)
Authors: V. V. Kononenko
Published: July 2021

The article analyzes the constitutional processes in the Ukrainian SSR during the crisis of the Soviet system (the second half of the 1960s – the first half of the 1980s) on the basis of a wide range of historical and legal sources. The study was conducted taking into account the general trends of Soviet constitutionalism of the time. The paper also analyzes party documents, which have always been the ideological basis of legal processes in the USSR and the Ukrainian SSR. The author researches the consolidation of the ideology of advanced socialism in the Constitution of the USSR in 1978 and the implementation in the constitutional legislation of the republic of fundamental international rights and freedoms, which were ratified by the USSR and the USSR as subjects of international law. The paper also analyzes the constitutional foundations of the system of state power in the republic. The main normative-legal acts, which determined the main directions and principles of activity of higher, central and local bodies of state power, their competence and powers, are analyzed. It is emphasized that the Constitution of the USSR in 1978 did not reflect a number of fundamental rights, among them one of the central international rights – the right to life. Under the existence of a one-party system and a Soviet authoritarian regime, it was also impossible to exercise political rights and freedoms and most personal rights and freedoms. It is stated that the Constitution of the USSR in 1978 did not make significant changes in the structure and powers higher, central and local authorities. Emphasis is placed on the fact that in the construction of the system of state power the Basic Law of the republic did not take as a basis the principle of separation of powers, did not create a system of checks and balances, established a rigid vertical subordination of authorities. Although local authorities had some elements of local self-government, but, in general, the basic principles of decentralization and genuine popular governance were violated. They were under party leadership. The author emphasizes that the constitutional processes in the republic during this period were not independent for center and were subject to strict ideological and party control of the Communist Party.
REFORMING CIVIL PROCEDURAL LEGISLATION AND ITS IMPACT ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF LEGAL RELATIONS IN APPEAL PROCEEDINGS
Authors: Iliopol I. M.
Published: July 2021

The sociological aspect of relevance lies in highlighting the mechanism of the application of law by the courts of appeal, because the decisions and definitions of the courts of appeal are the subject of research by a wide range of subjects, from students of certain legal specialties to the highest bodies of state judicial power, in particular – the Supreme Court. Since an appeal is now a constitutional guarantee, and a narrowing of human rights is not allowed, an examination of the appeal mechanism is necessary to predict future consequences. The practical aspect of the relevance of the study consists in the analysis of quantitative and qualitative indicators of appeal proceedings, coverage of real data that reflect past trends and make it possible to predict the future situation. The general requirements inherent in all instances are put forward for the appeal consideration. We are talking about the requirements for the qualifications and appointment of judges, in accordance with the provisions of the Law of Ukraine “On the Judicial System and the Status of Judges”; independence and immunity of judges at any stage; requirements for evidence, the order of their examination and review; requirements for the legal personality of the parties, because the court protects the violated, contested and unrecognized rights, freedoms and interests of persons and the interests of the state, thus no one can file, including an appeal, if the decision of the court of first instance does not affect his rights, freedoms and interests. So, exploring this topic, it is necessary to perform such tasks as: to consider the right to an appeal review of the case through the prism of the guarantee of the constitutional human right to judicial protection and to reveal the concept of appeal proceedings; to reveal the essence of abuse of rights at the stage of appeal proceedings; consider the procedure and conditions for the opening of the appeal proceedings; describe the possibility of renewing the deadlines for appeal, the violation of which is due to restrictions imposed in connection with the quarantine established in order to prevent the spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19); analyze the procedural procedure for the consideration of cases by the court of appeal in the context of the updated civil procedural legislation and characterize the powers of the court of appeal.
URGENT STREAMS OF REFORMING OF THE UKRAINIAN STATE REGULATORY SERVICE
Authors: Heorhiievskyi Yu. V.
Published: July 2021

The article is dedicated to the systematic analysis of the competence of the State Regulatory Service of Ukraine in order to identify administrative and legal inconsistencies and duplication of powers. The author found out that currently in Ukraine there is no special procedure for the State Regulatory Service to conduct examinations to establish the compliance of regulatory acts with the principles of state regulatory policy. Such a gap, according to the author, creates conditions for abuse of power due to the possibility of too broad interpretation of these principles. Comparing the powers of the State Regulatory Service related to its direct or indirect participation in regulatory regulation, with the powers of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, the author concludes that these powers are correlated as special and general, and state regulatory policy is part of legal policy. The article emphasizes that expertises referred to the competence of the State Regulatory Service are a kind of legal expertise of normative legal acts, which testifies the ability of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine and its interregional departments to fully carry them out. Analysis of the competence of the State Regulatory Service of Ukraine in the main, profile area of implementation of state regulatory policy shows that its formation was applied not functional, but sectoral and, moreover, a narrowed approach. It manifests itself in the inappropriate division of powers to implement state regulatory policy with the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine, which is responsible for its formation, as well as in the duplication of powers to examine draft regulatory acts with the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine, which is carrying out legal examination of any legal acts. Basing on the set of identified legal shortcomings, the feasibility and justification of the future existence of the State Regulatory Service is quite questionable. In connection with the optimization of the number of government agencies in a global pandemic context, the author considers it appropriate to liquidate the State Regulatory Service. Its powers in the field of implementation of state regulatory policy may be transferred either to the Ministry of Economic Development, Trade and Agriculture of Ukraine or to the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine.
ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL CONTENT OF THE NATIONAL CYBERSECURITY SYSTEM AS A COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL SECURITY SYSTEM OF UKRAINE
Authors: Diorditsa I. V.
Published: July 2021

The article offers for consideration the author's results of determining the conceptual provisions of the administrative and legal content of the national cybersecurity system as a component of the national security system of Ukraine. The content of the current state of state policy in the field of formation of the cybersecurity system is considered. Theoretical and practical aspects of organizational support of the cybersecurity system are analyzed. General and special subjects of cybersecurity are identified. The own vision of the following main elements in the system of cyber security of Ukraine (according to the main types of threats to cybersecurity) is proposed: 1) national system of combating cybercrime; 2) national system for combating cyberterrorism; 3) a nationwide system for combating cyber espionage; 4) national system of counteraction to information wars and new complex types of threats, including hybrid wars; 5) national system of cyber protection of national critical infrastructure. The administrative and legal understanding of the concept of national cybersecurity system is established – a set of special subjects of the national cybersecurity system, means and methods used by them, as well as a set of relevant interconnected information, cybernetic, legal, organizational, technical and strategic communications measures carried out by them. It is concluded that since the national security system is multicomponent, there is a need for a special subsystem, the purpose of which would be to ensure the functioning and development of this system, ie to ensure the viability of its system-forming elements, including national interests, society, state. Such a system is the national security system, as well as the national cybersecurity system. These factors confirm the conclusion that the national cybersecurity system is considered not only as a subsystem of the state information policy, but also primarily as a component of the national security system of Ukraine.