bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Epidemic Situation of Tularemia in Karelia at the Present Time
Authors: Demidova T. N. , Rubis L. V. , Semikhin A. S. , Gurina E. A. , Amirkhanyan A. V. , Sheenkov N. V. , Gorshenko V. V. , Birkovskay Yu. A.
Published: January 2024

Tularemia is a natural focal infection, characterized by the ability to maintain epizootic and epidemic potential for decades and periodically become more active. Since 2016, an increase in the incidence of tularemia has been observed in the Republic of Karelia.

Aims. To evaluate the epidemiological situation with tularemia in the Republic of Karelia to determine the directions of preventive work in modern conditions.

Conclusions. Analysis of the epizootic and epidemiological situation regarding tularemia in the Republic of Karelia demonstrates the possibility of intensifying the epizootic process after decades of relative prosperity. The increase in the incidence of the population was not only the result of the activation of natural foci of infection, but also of improved diagnosis of the disease and change in tactics for using vaccines in areas enzootic for tularemia.
Methodology for the Development of a Standard Operating Procedure for Reprocessing Flexible Endoscope, Taking into Account the Epidemiological Risks
Authors: Chernyavskaya O. P. , Kononenko N. A. , Kabakova K. N. , Obolskaya N. M.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. Widespread use of endoscopic methods in diagnosis and treatment increases the potential risks of infection of patients in case of improper handling of flexible endoscopes. The main cause of the problem is inattention, low level of competence of personnel. One of the best solutions to this problem is to provide documentation (standard operating procedure – SOP) regulating the processes of handling flexible endoscopes in medical organizations in order to minimize the human factor.

Aim. The Development of the SOP for processing of a flexible nasal pharyngeal mirror adjusted for the epidemiological risks of nonsterile endoscopic interventions.

Materials & Methods. The epidemiological risks of non-sterile endoscopic interventions were evaluated on the basis of scientific publications and statutory regulations, and the example of SOP was introduced for the flexible nasal pharyngeal mirror.

Results. Considering the factors, causing development of infections, related to delivery of health care, and requirements of the sanitary law, a sample of SOP was designed for manual processing of the flexible nasal pharyngeal mirror. Moreover, The main courses were defined, which should be followed by health-care workers while developing of SOP in a healthcare organization.

Conclusions. The standardization of the procedure of processing of the flexible endoscopes allows to perform manipulations after clearly developed algorithm, excludes misunderstanding from the stuff, reduces the quantity of faults and mistakes and, as result, reduces probability of the healthcare-associated infections (HAI).
Epidemiological Surveillance of Tuberculosis: from Molecular Methods to Genomic Studies
Authors: Ogarkov O. B. , Savilov E. D. , Zhdanova S. N.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. The globalization of the epidemic process requires improved surveillance of infectious diseases, in particular tuberculosis.

Methods of molecular and genomic analysis are the most informative approaches that can radically change the management of this disease.

Aims. To substantiate the necessary and sufficient volume of molecular studies for the exhaustive detection of most epidemic genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Russia and the countries of the former USSR.

Conclusions. Genetic lines L2 (Beijing) and L4 (Euro-American) cover more than 95% of all epidemic genotypes of M. tuberculosis in Russia and the countries of the former USSR. The development of rapid tests compatible with global data on genomic polymorphism will make it possible to conduct an epidemiological analysis of tuberculosis outbreaks within the country and to differ from cases of transbordern transmission of new genotypes outside.
Hemophilus meningitis – Current Aspects of Epidemiology and Prevention: a Descriptive Review
Authors: Gritsay M. I. , Koroleva I. S. , Koroleva M. A.
Published: January 2024

Relevance.H. influenzae is a common cause of bacterial meningitis in children worldwide. Significant data have been accumulated worldwide on the use of H. influenzae type b conjugate vaccines over the past three decades. In the Russian Federation, constant monitoring of hemophilic meningitis is carried out, but data on the incidence of hemophilic infectionare limited.

Target.To consider global changes in the epidemiology of invasive forms of H. influenzae in the world and in the Russian Federation.

Conclusions.The use of conjugate vaccines has resulted in a steady decline in invasive Hib infections. However, there has been a significant increase in invasive infections with non-typeable H. influenzae and non-b serotypes. In the Russian Federation, the incidence of meningitis caused by H. influenzae does not tend to increase or decrease; the majority of cases occur in children under 5 years of age.
Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 in Different Periods of the Pandemic in Persons from Occupational Risk Groups of Infection
Authors: Platonova T. A. , Golubkova A. A. , Sklyar M. S. , Karbovnichaya E. A. , Varchenko K. V. , Ivanova A. A. , Komissarov A. B. , Lioznov D. A.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. One of the most affected by the new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) groups of the population were medical workers who have high risks of infection in the performance of professional duties

Aim. Analysis the clinical manifestations of COVID–19 in different periods of the pandemic in medical organizations, taking into account the genetic variability of circulating strains of SARSCoV- 2 and vaccination status.

Materials and methods. To study the clinical manifestations of coronavirus infection, an online survey of medical workers in a large industrial region was conducted in March 2022 using a specially designed anonymous questionnaire. The total number of respondents was 3,078. Clinical manifestations were analyzed during five epidemic rises in the incidence of COVID-19 from March 2020 to March 2022. To assess the SARS-CoV-2 virus strains circulating in the region, data from the GISAID database (the first and second waves of the pandemic, n = 298) and the results of PCR studies in the laboratory of UMMC-Health LLC (third - fifth waves, n = 349) were used.

Results and discussion. In the first and second epidemic rises of morbidity associated with SARS-CoV-2 strains B.1. and B.1.1, the structure of clinical forms did not significantly differ: 3.6% and 3.9% were asymptomatic forms, 61.3% – variants of acute respiratory infection (AR I) and 35.1% and 34.8% - pneumonia, accordingly. In the third epidemic upsurge caused by the Delta variant (V.1.617.2), the structure of clinical forms did not undergo significant changes. In the fourth epidemic rise in morbidity, also associated with the spread of the Delta variant, the share of ARI in the structure of clinical forms increased to 77.0%, and pneumonia decreased to 21.3%.In the fifth wave of the pandemic caused by the Omicron gene variant (B.1.1.529), there was an increase to 91.3% of the proportion of mild clinical forms and a decrease to 7.1% of forms with lung damage. The frequency of detection of general infectious symptoms, upper respiratory tract lesions and neurological manifestations of COVID-19 had statistically significant differences in different periods of the pandemic. Whereas the frequency of gastrointestinal disorders did not significantly differ. The high clinical efficacy of vaccination has been shown – in ter ms of a 3.6-fold reduction in the chances of developing moderate and severe forms of the disease.

Conclusion. Based on the results of the study, new data were obtained on the features of the clinical manifestations of COVID-19 in different periods of the pandemic with the change of genetic variants of the pathogen and the role of vaccination in preventing the development of moderate and severe clinical forms of infection was shown.
Doctors' Choice of Rehabilitation Measures for Patients Who Have Suffered Covid-19
Authors: Lomonosov K. S.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. According to WHO, the number of patients with a new coronavirus infection amounted to more than 676 million people for the period from January 2020 to January 2023. It is obvious that the consequences of COVID-19 will prevail in medical practice in the coming years, so medical rehabilitation should be the focus of attention when providing medical care to patients with coronavirus infection.

Aims. To investigate the approach to physicians' selection of rehabilitation interventions for patients who have undergone Covid-19.

Materials and methods. The analysis of 1832 case histories of patients of one of the temporary covid hospitals in Moscow, who are being treated in the hospital in 2020–2022, was carried out. Statistical analysis was carried out using the StatTech v. 3.1.3 program (developed by Stattech LLC, Russia). Predictive models characterizing adherence to rehabilitation measures were developed using the logistic regression method.

Results and discussions. The analysis of predictors of statistically significant regression models showed that when deciding on the appointment of rehabilitation measures or additional consultation when a patient is discharged from the hospital, doctors rely on pathologies already present in patients before COVID-19 disease, without taking into account the occurrence of possible pathology after a new coronavirus infection in any organ system. For example, the appointment of a cardiologist's consultation increases 6 times in the presence of a history of cardiovascular diseases or atherosclerosis and 10 times in the presence of cardiovascular diseases and atherosclerosis at the same time. The presence of bronchial asthma increased the probability of consulting a pulmonologist by almost 3 times, and in the absence of diabetes mellitus, the probability of getting additional advice from an endocrinologist decreased by 11 times.

Conclusions. An individual rehabilitation plan should take into account the severity of the COVID-19 disease, the degree of damage to the lung tissue, heart, blood vessels and other organs. The regression models can be used for economic analysis in order to identify the need for working hours and the number of medical workers necessary to ensure the optimal volume and effectiveness of rehabilitation measures for patients who have suffered a new coronavirus infection.
The COVID-19 Epidemic Process in Long-Term Care Facilities in Moscow
Authors: Davidova N. G. , Ugleva S. V. , Shabalina S. V.
Published: January 2024

Relevance. COVID-19 remains an urgent disease for long-term care institutions (LTCI), because local outbreaks of COVID-19 continue to be registered in 2022 and in 2023.

Aims. To study the epidemic process of COVID-19 in LTCI (nursing homes, neuropsychiatric boarding schools) in Moscow for 2020–2022.

Materials and methods. The analysis of the epidemic process of COVID-19 in LTCI was carried out for the period 2020–2022. Data of Automatic information system «Department of Registration and Accounting of Infectious Diseases was used: 5390 COVID-19 residents and employees of 28 institutions in Moscow and 3,239,617 residents of Moscow; 15 acts of epidemiological investigation of the focus of infectious disease in the period from 2020 to 2022.

Results. In total, 9 increases in the incidence of COVID-19 were registered. The first rise was the most intense, which affected morbidity (81.14 per 1,000 beds per week), indicators of activity of epidemic foci (KO – 100%, IO – 21.08, R – 20.08), mortality (for 2020 – 32.6%). In the first rise of morbidity in nursing homes, there is a direct correlation of a high degree of connection with the morbidity of the population of Moscow (r = 0.906), and for subsequent rises there is a noticeable relationship (r = 0.580) at p<0.05. From 2 to 9 rises, the incidence tended to decrease. All the rises of COVID-19 occurred due to the formation of foci in institutions where the source of infection was employees. For 2020–2022, the proportion of severe cases of infection with a fatal outcome among residents ranged from 14.6 ±6.7% to 31.8 ± 6.5%.

Conclusion. The analysis of the manifestations of the COVID-19 epidemic process in long-term care institutions in Moscow for 2020–2022 allowed us to distinguish two stages of morbidity.
Economic Burden of Invasive Meningococcal Infection in Children in the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Sergienko E. N. , Kozhanova I. N. , Romanova O. N. , Solodov A. D. , Sсutova P. A.
Published: January 2024

Relevance Invasive meningococcal infection (IMI) is a significant clinical problem and is associated with a high probability of severe complications and death. Vaccination programs against meningococcus can achieve significant clinical effectiveness and require significant financial costs. This makes it relevant to study the economic burden of meningococcal infection in the conditions of modern healthcare in order to obtain basic data for subsequent research in the field of evaluation of medical technologies.

Aims. To assess the economic burden of IMI in children in the conditions of healthcare in the Republic of Belarus

Material and methods: a retrospective study using the "cost of illness" method was conducted for 22 children hospitalized in the city children's infectious clinical diseases hospital in 2018-2019. All values are presented in belarusian rubles. The average ± standard deviation, minimum – maximum values, median [Q1, Q3], cost shares (%) are calculated for the cost values. The minimum– maximum values and median [Q1, Q3] were calculated for the age of the patients.

Results: taking into account the costs of treatment in healthcare organizations of all patients studied, the share of direct costs of hospitalization was 29.0%, the share of direct costs of diagnosis – 7.2%, the share of direct costs of pharmacotherapy - 8.3%. A significant part of the costs accounted for observations after discharge and amounted to 55.4%.

Conclusion: a retrospective study of the economic burden of MI in the Republic of Belarus using the "cost of illness" method in patients hospitalized in a public health organization demonstrates a significant economic burden of this disease, which in the long term is primarily due to the presence of complications in the patient, as well as the impact of the patient's death on the value of total costs. The data obtained can be used in conducting national research on the evaluation of medical technologies.
Four types of Social Innovation and their impact on democracy in the 21st century
Authors:   Salzburg University of Applied Sciences, Pausch Markus
Published: January 2024

In modern history, there are various types of social innovation that have changed the world in different ways. In part, they go hand in hand with democratisation processes, but especially in the 21st century they harbour potential that threatens democracy. In this article, four types of social innovation are derived from the history of discourse and analysed in terms of their connection with democracy. The article argues that, especially in complex times, the acceptance of the new depends on how democratically it comes about and that, while strengthening democratic innovations is central to Europe's future, they are challenged by authoritarian notions of innovation. As a decisive parameter for a successful improvement or preservation of democratic systems, the article highlights the importance of the broadest possible inclusion, representation and participation in all four types.
Glimpsing Indonesia’s Social Media Discourse: What Goes on During the Covid-19 Infodemic
Authors: Ronny Rafi , Herdiansyah Herdis , Panjaitan Berton Suar Pelita
Published: January 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an "infodemic", of false and true information circulating on social media platforms. This phenomenon has posed various challenges in implementing disaster management programs to mitigate the effects of the pandemic, both globally and specifically in Indonesia. This study seeks to investigate the public's perception of social media discourse during the COVID-19 infodemic in Indonesia. Both primary and secondary data were collected to gain a comprehensive understanding of the issue. The primary data was collected through a focused group discussion (FGD) method. Meanwhile, secondary data sources were gathered using a literature review of scholarly articles. Approximately 60 articles were selected from sources such as Google Scholar and PubMed, published between 2019 and 2022. The articles were selected based on their relevance of the topic discussion. The study used Critical Discourse Analysis by Fairclough and Wodak (1997) to analyze the data. Both of the data were then synthesized to glimpse how the infodemic has impacted various disaster management efforts across various parts of the country. The results revealed that the infodemic has worsened public perceptions of how the Indonesian government handles COVID-19 as well as disrupting various disaster management processes. The study finds that the infodemic's impact on the public's perception has resulted in misinformation hampering effective pandemic management efforts. By recognizing the severity of the infodemic and working to combat it, Indonesia can more effectively manage the COVID-19 pandemic and minimize its negative impact on the public.
Unveiling the Multifaceted Dance of Distractions: Thumbing Through the On-Screen Distractions Throughout Memrise MALL Experience
Authors: Abidin Azwar
Published: January 2024

The detrimental impact of screen distractions, including heightened cognitive-emotional engagement and reduced concentration spans, remains to be fully explored. This case study investigates EFL students’ perceptions of screen distractions in mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) and explores their potential implications on learning outcomes. The study employs a descriptive methodology and purposively samples 46 first-year university students who are not majoring in English as participants. During a two-week trial, the participants use the Memrise English learning app to complete Beginner’s levels (A1 and A2). Screen recordings, user account credentials, and interview excerpts are collected from shared Google Drive folders and focus-group sessions. Thematic data analysis is conducted to gain insights into the participants’ perception of screen distractions. Results reveal that social networks and entertainment apps (63.43%) are the primary sources of distraction, followed by web browsing (22.29%), incoming notifications and pop-up messages (11.45%), and incoming calls (2.83%). Participants perceive these distractions as driven by a psychological impulse to avoid missing updates. While the participants demonstrate an impressive aptitude for adapting to and navigating Memrise MALL resources, they lack necessary support to manage distractions, resulting in a failure to meet learning objectives. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating set times for learning and optimizing screen learning to be distraction-free. Furthermore, it highlights the negative consequences of multitasking and interruptions on students’ MALL performance, underscoring the need for structured use of social media to enhance engagement and academic achievement. Students’ perception of Memrise MALL is generally positive, with reported benefits such as improved recall, concentration, motivation, and engagement. However, distraction management and material connection are essential contributors in successful MALL experience.
A Pivotal Stride towards Learner Autonomy: Utilising Language Learning Strategies in an ESL University
Authors: Aboagye Abigail Konadu , Lomotey Charlotte Fofo , Debrah-Amofah Joyce
Published: January 2024

Research has revealed that utilisation of the English language learning strategies (ELLSs) is essential for supporting learner autonomy (LA). Yet, most of these studies focus on English as a foreign language, leaving studies on English as a second language on the fringes of current literature, though the two are distinct. Thus, this paper examined the effect of ELLSs on LA of ESL technical university students, as well as the individual effects of the six categories of ELLSs (memory, cognitive, compensation, metacognitive, affective and social strategies) on LA. A quantitative cross-sectional survey was conducted on 2022/2023 first-year 773 students who were selected through stratified random sampling. Oxford’s Strategy Inventory for Language Learning (SILL) and Karabıyık’s measures of learner autonomy were used to assess ELLSs and LA, respectively. Data were collected via google form. A multiple regression analysis was used to test the proposed research model. The results revealed that ELLSs have a positive impact on LA. While all six categories of ELLs improved LA, affective strategies improved LA the most. Despite the significance of affective strategies in fostering LA in this study, earlier research has largely focused on affective factors such as motivation, for autonomous learning. Thus, this study reveals a novel finding  that affective strategies may be the most effective at facilitating autonomous learning in an ESL context, specifically a university setting in Ghana. The study backs up the Constructivism theory's claim that learner autonomy occurs as a result of social interaction, which includes learning strategies. The study confirms that in a Ghanaian ESL context, when the learners utilise ELLSs, they go through the zone of proximal development (ZPD) until optimal performance is achieved (in this context until the learner becomes an autonomous learner). Thus, Ghanaian technical university English teachers should be trained on effective ELLSs use to help students adopt appropriate ELLSs to improve their autonomous learning.
Unlocking Melawi Malay Medicine Mantras: Sound Patterns and Ecological Symbolism of Oral Literature
Authors: Putra Ikhza Mahendra , Asfar Dedy Ari , Syahrani Agus
Published: January 2024

The Melawi Malay community has a rich tradition of medicine using oral literature in the form of mantras, passed down through generations. These medicine mantras incorporate elements of beautiful sound and reflect the ecological, customary, and cultural values of the Malay people. This research aims to unveil the sound patterns and describe the symbolism of the triadic ecological elements, namely nature, nurture, and culture. To achieve this, purposive sampling was employed to select key informants, with Su Usnah, a traditional healer from Bina Karya, Melawi, being a crucial source. Through interviews and field notes, six relevant data sets were extracted from a pool of 15 available medicine mantras for analysis. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research utilized stylistic protocols to categorize the data according to existing sound patterns and employed ecocriticism guidelines to reveal the presence of ecological elements within the Melawi Malay medicine mantras. The primary findings of this research disclose the existence of four sound patterns in these mantras: assonance, alliteration, consonance, and rhyme. The ecocritical perspective reveals that each mantra contains ecological elements, including nature, such as flora and natural elements; nurture, reflecting the relationship between nature and society, and human connections; and culture, as manifested in customary practices. This study deepens our understanding of the sound patterns and ecological elements present in these mantras, with the hope that further research, through exploration of mantras in the Melawi Regency, can contribute to the continuous conservation and promotion of oral literature. Enriching the global understanding of mantras from linguistic, literary, and ecological perspectives is vital in practising traditional medicine in Melawi and other regions in West Kalimantan.
A Double-Edged Sword of Humour: Students’ Perspectives on Teachers’ Use of Humour in EFL Classroom
Authors: Rianita Dian , Sari Fara Merian , Yandra Alexsander
Published: January 2024

Humour has varied functions in teaching and learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL), particularly in enhancing classroom instruction. This study investigates EFL students' perspectives on their lecturers' use of humour, focusing on students from private universities. The study employed a mixed-method approach, gathering data through questionnaires from 122 students and conducting in-depth interviews with 5 students. This diverse sample included learners aged 18 to 45 years, offering insights into a broad age range. Findings indicate that humour in the EFL classroom positively influences students' learning experiences. It contributes to a relaxed learning atmosphere, fosters closer connections between students and lecturers, and enhances engagement with the material. However, it's crucial that the humour aligns with the adult status of the students, indicating a need for sensitivity and appropriateness. The study underscores humour's dual role in EFL education, akin to a double-edged sword with both positive and negative impacts. From the perspective of private university students, appropriate humour is key to effective learning, particularly for adult learners. The findings suggest that while humour can be a powerful pedagogical tool, it must be employed judiciously, considering the varied age and backgrounds of the learners. The implications extend to the broader context of EFL education in higher learning, highlighting the importance of lecturer-student dynamics and the careful integration of humour in educational settings.
Is Oral Communication Apprehension Reasonable?: A Study on Sociocultural Factors Among Indonesian EFL Learners
Authors: Al Awlaqi Haifa Ali Salem Mansoor , Ghozali Imam
Published: January 2024

Globally, effective oral communication skills in English as a lingua franca have become increasingly important. However, many EFL learners, including those in Indonesia, experience apprehension about oral communication in culturally diverse environments. This study explores the phenomenon of oral communication apprehension among Indonesian EFL learners, focusing on identifying the sociocultural factors that hinder them. Using a single-case design, classroom observations, learner interviews, and a teacher focus group were conducted. Purposive sampling selected three ninth-grade students from selected private junior high school in Jember, who demonstrated apprehension in oral communication, and two EFL teachers experienced in addressing students' communication apprehension. Data analysis involved Ethnomethodological Conversation Analysis (ECA) and thematic coding. The findings indicate that factors like interruption, overlap, self-correction, self-monitoring, and reliance on the first language (L1) during oral communication contribute to apprehension. Additionally, sociocultural factors such as learners' attitudes, parental language background, language interference, and educational challenges were identified as contributing to oral communication apprehension among EFL learners. This study sheds light on the root causes of learners' struggles, encouraging them to overcome these challenges. It also offers valuable insights for educators to implement strategies that can alleviate the sociocultural burden faced by many EFL learners, especially relevant in Indonesia's context within the expanded circle of English language learning, where cultural nuances significantly influence language acquisition experiences.
A. A. IZMAILOV AND H. H. YASINSKY: AN EPISTOLARY DIALOGUE
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom), Russian Academy of Sciences, Misnikevich Tatiana Vladimirovna , Aleksandrov Aleksandr Sergeevich ,   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom), Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the main topics, personalities and events touched upon in the long-term epistolary dialogue between Alexander Alekseevich Izmailov (1873–1921) and Hieronymus Hieronymovich Yasinsky (1850–1931), whose names are extremely signifi cant for the history of the Russian literature and journalism of the late 19th — early 20th century. Apart from highlighting the nuances of their relationship and clarifying certain instances of their life stories, the correspondence between the two writers describes the literary fi eld as a whole, since Izmailov and Yasinsky determined the policies of the major popular editions and were instrumental in shaping the literary reputations of the writers of various trends in 1890s — 1910s.
ON «LITERATURE OF THE MOMENT»
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom), Russian Academy of Sciences, Igosheva Tatyana Vasilievna , Petrova Galina Valentinovna ,   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij Dom), Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2024

[Review:] Russkaia literatura i zhurnalistika v predrevoliutsionnuiu epokhu: formy vzaimodeistviia i metodologiia analiza: kollektivnaia monografiia / Otv. red. i sost. A. A. Kholikov, pri uchastii E. I. Orlovoi. M.: IMLI RAN, 2021. 768 s.
“THE IMPRINTED PAST”: ILLUSTRATIONS IN PRE-REVOLUTIONARY SCHOOL TEXTBOOKS ON RUSSIAN HISTORY (LATE 1870S — 1914)
Authors:   European University at St. Petersburg, Yastrebov Daniil
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the study of visual material of pre-revolutionary school textbooks on Russian history for junior and senior classes of secondary educational institutions (gymnasiums), recommended for use by the Ministry of Public Education. Despite the large amount of educational literature, only a small part of it contained illustrations (17 items out of 54). The images were intended both for the visualization of the studied material (lithographs of monuments, frescoes, ancient coins, etc.), and for the formation of a standardized image of the past. Illustrations on a military theme were supposed to show the heroism of Russian soldiers. A separate section of the article is devoted to ways of visual representation of the monarchs of the Romanov dynasty. The historical narrative of school textbooks was formed around the deeds of monarchs, which could not but affect the content of the material. This was especially clearly reflected in the image of Peter I, the illustrations dedicated to him are distinguished by a variety of scenes. The lack of visual material for school textbooks forced the authors to use famous paintings for historical ones, changing their names and meaning. The captions to the reproductions contributed to the perception needed by the authors of textbooks, or completely changed the original meaning laid down by the artist in the picture. Thus, the illustrative material turned out to be secondary in relation to the text.
REPRESENTATION OF THE STORY OF THE MEZEN “ROBINSONS” ON THE PAGES OF CHILDREN’S PUBLICATIONS OF THE XIX CENTURY
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Shvetsova Tatiana , Shakhova Veronika ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov, Dulova Svetlana ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M. V. Lomonosov
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to the story of Mezen hunters, which was published in children’s magazines of the second half of the 19th century. The historiography of this topic is not too extensive. The research interest was focused on the event of the Mezen “microhistory” for children. The source of the article was published in the journals “Journal for reading students of military schools” (1846), “Snowdrop” (1859, 1862) and “Children’s reading” (1871). The article recreates the mechanism of representation of the plot from the history of the development of Svalbard in the XVIII century in the periodicals of the pre-revolutionary period. Comparative analysis of the texts led to conclusions about the techniques used by writers, adapting 18th century narrative to children. The authors conclude that, firstly, during this period, the story of the Mezens in Svalbard is represented in the form of a recounting of events from the German language; secondly, the central episode of the Robinsonade is restored using an arsenal of visual aids; Third, the plot is presented in the form of an artistic and journalistic essay with a foreword about the history of Arctic exploration and the previous unsuccessful wintering. The results of the work suggest the approbation of the hypothesis and the construction of a variant of the plot about Mezen “robinsons” as it exists in children’s magazines of the XIX century.
“FROM A LOG CABIN TO THE WHITE HOUSE”: BIOGRAPHIES OF AMERICAN PRESIDENTS IN A RUSSIAN BOOK FOR CHILDREN’S READING IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19TH CENTURY
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij dom), Luchkina Olga A.
Published: January 2024

The article discusses biographies of American presidents written and published by Russian writers in the second half of the 19th century. The biographies were predominantly original texts, based on documents, books, and other diverse sources in English. The paper analyzes the context of the era and the specifics of America-Russia relations in the second half of the 19th century, when several American presidents (Benjamin Franklin, Abraham Lincoln, George Washington, James Garfield) were the subjects of biographical narratives created by children’s writers Maria Rostovskaya, Alexander Khrebtov, Alexander Lyubimov, Anna Munt-Valueva, Alexan- dra Annenskaya, Catherine Sysoeva, and A. Platonov. The work identifies the techniques used in the biographies to construct the image of the hero- president, and the reasons why writers turned to the figure of the American president as an ideal model for emulation in the Russian children’s book. The identified plot features help to clarify the specifics of the genre model, which used the Bildungsroman. The narrative about the “thorny” life path of the presidents allowed the writers to demonstrate to the children the hard work and will of the characters, the results of the career (presidency, fame, independence of the country), emphasized the value of these qualities for the reader-child, and thanks to the genre specifics, the psychological, moral, and social formation of the personality of the hero-American was revealed.
DAVID OF SASUN BY HOVHANNES TUMANYAN: FROM TEXT TO VISUALIZATION
Authors:   Yerevan State University, Simyan Tigran , Makaryan Albert ,   Yerevan State University
Published: January 2024

The article analyses the cultural context of the poem "David of Sasun". On the basis of critical discourse analysis, semiotics (C. S. Pearce) and reconstruction of historical memory the perception of the city of Sasun is studied, the peculiarities of historical memory and images of the enemy are reconstructed. Using the example of the poem "David of Sasun" by H. Tumanyan, the semiotic translation from sign-symbols (Tumanyan’s text) to the language of iconic signs (children’s illustrations) is analysed. The analysis of the empirical text showed that Tumanyan created his storyline without additional spatio-temporal details. Some motifs (the part of Sansara and Baghdasara) were omitted in his text because plot entanglements would have appeared. Tumanyan adhered to the "Homeric approach" and touched only one line of the epic, the third branch, dedicated to David of Sasun. The analysis of separate episodes, motifs, plots showed that Tumanyan reproduced the main scheme of the epic’s construction on the opposition of us vs. them, Armenians vs. Arabs, David vs. Msra Melik. The second part of the article presents the results of the study of a modern children’s illustrative project dedicated to H. Tumanyan’s poem. The composition of the children’s drawings is made according to the age peculiarities of the young artists, but the influence of adult project leaders (Sona Badoyan and others) is also noticeable. The analysis also showed that the image of the enemy Msra Melik is represented by Turkic facial features, which reflects the preserved national stereotypes.
FASCINATING IDEOLOGY OR HOW TO TELL SOVIET CHILDREN ABOUT THE WAR: THE V. P. BELYAEV’S STORY “THE OLD FORTRESS” IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1930S
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (The Pushkin House) of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sysoeva Anastasia
Published: January 2024

Vladimir Belyaev’s story about the Civil War “The Old Fortress” is considered against the background of the pre–war era as an instrument of ideological education. The work created a positive image of the Red Army, a negative image of the opponents of Soviet power. The view at the events of the period of the Soviet state’s formation through the prism of preparations for a new war in the 1930s blurred the specifics of the Civil War. The author used the universal techniques of dividing into insiders and outsiders, created an image of the enemy in accordance with the foreign policy situation, propagated militaristic and anti-religious views. The material of the study was the publications of the story and related short stories of 1936–1964 (the books of 1936, 1937 and 1939 were primarily considered) and the report of Vladimir Belyaev’s meeting with readers in 1938. The article aims to analyze the character system, the editing of the text and the historical context. The reasons for the popularity of the work among the reader and its successful publishing story are in combination of a fascinating adventure plot, the normalization of rule violations, imperfect teenage heroes, on the one hand, and a verified ideology, the emphasis of which the author changed depending on changes in the internal and foreign policy of the USSR, on the other.
EXPLORING PAST IN LOOKING FOR IDENTITY. (META)HISTORY, FANTASY AND POLITICS IN CONTEMPORARY POLISH NARRATIVES OF DOROTA TERAKOWSKA
Authors:   University of Wrocław, Poland, Michułka Dorota
Published: January 2024

The encounters with the past, in which the children and teenage protagonists of Dorota Terakowska’s novels are ’entangled’, are present in the structure of her works mainly at the level of the figurative language of metahistory in which the poetics of imagination and fantasy used by the writer as a literary convention play an important role and are deeply rooted in social and politic context of Poland (here: totalitarian system, dictatorship and social changes). Such a narrative strategy is evident mainly in three works of the writer: The Witches’ Daughter (1991), Loneliness of the Gods (1998) and Lord of the Lewaw (1989). Terakowska’s work, which is clearly a part of the convention of fantasy, represents a universal message of an existential and ethical nature, but above all, which is worth emphasizing, is also firmly rooted in Polish tradition and history. Strongly exposed in Terakowska’s works is the element of poetics of space (including, for example, the ruins of palaces, as places of memory of the Polish romantic past, landscapes of romantic — wild and mysterious nature, or the motif of the Only Song — a symbol of national identity, also present in Polish romantic literature). The convention of space-time and the memory of the tragic past allows associations with important moments in the history of enslaved Poland (e.g. the romantic tradition of the 19th century), images of the enemy — the invader, the totalitarian system of communism, and models of figures of Polish national heroes fighting for freedom.
TIMEKEEPING AND CHRONOLOGY OF ARKADY GAIDAR’S STORY “TIMUR AND HIS TEAM”
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij dom), Golovin Valentin
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the peculiarities of timekeeping in Arkady Gaidar’s story “Timur and His Team” (1939) and the problem of coherence of real and artistic time. On the material of the text of the story a register of indications on the time of action (fixation of time in the text: an indication of the exact time, mentioning sounds that measure time, description of the time of day, the position of celestial luminaries, etc.) is proposed. The connection between the temporal marking of the text and the dynamics of the events described in it is revealed. In turn, the analysis of the internal chronology of the story allowed us to identify a gap in its chronologically linear composition and to propose an explanation for this gap. Various documents of the late 1930s (government decrees and resolutions, railway timetables) were used to clarify the dating of the story’s events. The study of the history of the story’s first publication on the pages of the newspaper “Pionerskaya Pravda” made it possible to suggest the influence of Gaidar’s fragmentation of the text for the newspaper publication on the reader’s perception. The combination of timing, internal calendar chronology and peculiarities of the first newspaper publication of the story (in parts) caused the strengthening of the effect of the life-like nature of the story, which, apparently, was part of Gaidar’s creative intentions.
“A COLD, STUBBORN WIND THAT WOULD NOT LET SPRING IN.” OWN AND STRANGERS IN MODERN PROSE FOR CHILDREN
Authors:   Sorbonne Université, Ostromoukhova Bella
Published: January 2024

This article analyses the images of “us”, the “other” and the “enemy” on the example of three books describing the contemporary military conflict through the eyes of a child (“Vovka, who rode a bomb”, KompasGuide, 2018) and teenagers (Anna Zenkova, “Scorpion’s Strike”, KompasGuide, 2021 and Andrei Bulbenko, Marta Kaidanovskaya, “Sit and Watch”, Samokat, 2022). In contrast to the established tradition in Soviet and Russian children’s literature about war, in particular about the Great Patriotic War, where “us” and “the enemy” are always clearly defined, personalized and endowed with a stable set of features, in the works under consideration here the circle of “us” is extremely narrow, questioned and reconstructed by the distrustful and ironic narrator, while the “enemy” is present in the form of an faceless aggressor, represented through comparisons and metaphors as an violent natural element that brings destruction and death. Thus, these works stand apart from the general trend of bringing the “other”, present in children’s literature of recent decades, returning rather to more ancient traditions of representing the enemy.
“DEMONS SWARMED LIKE THIS”: ALIEN IN THE CHILDREN’S FICTION OF YULIA VOZNESENSKAYA
Authors:   Institute of Russian Literature (Pushkinskij dom), Sergienko Inna
Published: January 2024

The main research question of the article is related to the representation of the category “alien” in the novels by Julia Voznesenskaya (1945–2015) written between 2002 and 2007: “Cassandra’s Way or Adventures with Macaroni”, “Julianna and the Game of Kidnapping”, “Julianna and Dangerous Games”, and “Julianna and the Game of ‘Stepmother and Daughter’”. These books represent a sample of Orthodox acute fiction for children and teenagers that emerged in the post-Soviet period. The article briefly characterises the context of the emergence of Voznesenskaya’s children’s prose, examines the specificity of artistic techniques and genre uniqueness. The author of the article notes that despite the fact that these works are certified by Voznesenskaya herself as “Christian” or “Orthodox fantasy,” they are devoid of the genre-forming features of fantasy, they use only certain techniques characteristic of the genre. The main attention is paid to the analysis of the image of the spatial and subjective opposition of “us” and “strangers”. The “alien” in the analyzed works coincides with the image of the enemy, there is no way for him to turn into “ours” and dialogue with him is impossible. To create the image of the “alien” Voznesenskaya uses an artistic detail marking the disgusting, false and malicious.
BOOK REVIEW: HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL TRANSFORMATION OF RUSSIAN CHILDHOOD. MYTHS AND REALITIES. ED. BY M. BALINA, L. RUDOVA, A. KOSTETSKAYA. N. Y., L.: ROUTLEDGE, 2023
Authors:   The Moscow School of Social and Economic Sciences (Shaninka), Kravchenko Artem
Published: January 2024

The book review is for “Historical and Cultural Transformation of Russian Childhood. Myths and Realities” edited by M. Balina, L. Rudova, and A. Kostetskaya. This collective study explores the ideas and practices associated with childhood in Russia from the late 19th century to the first decades of the 21st century. This review provides an overview of the book’s organization and highlights some theses of individual chapters. Additionally, the review identifies problematic research fields addressed in the publication.
CHILDREN’S LITERATURE IN FRENCH JOURNALS: AN OVERVIEW
Authors:   Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, France, Lévêque Mathilde
Published: January 2024

This paper presents the main French scientific journals that publish work on children’s literature. Alongside paper print journals, some of which have been around for a long time, the last dozen years have seen the emergence of online journals geared towards open access, a model that is becoming increasingly appreciated and aims to give French works greater visibility, both in France and abroad.
ALEXANDER NEVSKY ON THE PAGES OF PRE-REVOLUTIONARY EDUCATIONAL LITERATURE FOR SCHOOLCHILDREN: CONSTRUCTING THE IMAGE OF A NATIONAL HERO
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Pashkova Tat’jana
Published: January 2024

The article deals with the practice of constructing the image of a national hero in the educational literature of the 19th — 20th century on the example of Prince Alexander Yaroslavich Nevsky. The object of the study is 27 manuals on Russian history for junior classes of gymnasiums and 22 for senior classes, that is, the entire content of compulsory textbooks approved by the Ministry of Public Education during the study period and included in special catalogs of educational literature. As a result of the study, the following conclusions are drawn. On the pages of textbooks for primary school, the most idealized image of Alexander Nevsky was offered, approaching an apologetic hagiographic portrait, which was achieved through an emotional impact on the reader, selective citation of sources, sometimes a certain author’s “thinking through” and direct artistic fiction concerning the character of the hero, his way of life, education, etc. In textbooks for high school, there has not been any qualitative leap either in terms of the selection of content or in terms of the depth of analysis of historical material. The text became stylistically more “adult”, but still contained many omissions and little analysis.
Pelanggaran Etik Hakim Konstitusi dan Rekomendasi Penegakan Hukum pada Kasus Pemalsuan Putusan
Authors: Arfiani  , Putra Ilhamdi , Fadhila Afdhal
Published: January 2024

Dalam usia 20 tahun, MK telah melalui banyak persoalan, misalnya kasus pelanggaran etik yang menunjukan tren peningkatan. Salah satu kasus etik tersebut adalah skandal pemalsuan Putusan MK Nomor 103/PUU-XX/2022 yang sangat mengguncang. Penelitian ini berfokus pada dua permasalahan, yakni fenomena penegakan hukum atas pelanggaran etik Hakim Konstitusi, dan rekomendasi penegakan kode etik yang ideal pada kasus pemalsuan putusan oleh Hakim Konstitusi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian hukum normatif yang sepenuhnya menggunakan data sekunder berupa bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Penelitian ini berkesimpulan bahwa dekade kedua MK diwarnai dengan peningkatan kasus pelanggaran etik, bahwa dari 5 kasus, 3 di antaranya terjadi pada periode 2013-2023. Sedangkan pada skandal pemalsuan putusan, penelitian ini merekomendasikan dilakukannya pemecatan terhadap Hakim Konstitusi Terlapor karena pelanggaran etik yang dilakukannya berhubungan dengan konstitusionalitas pengangkatannya sebagai Hakim Konstitusi. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar alas hukum pembentukan Majelis Kehormatan MK harus diakomodir dalam UU MK, dan tidak dibentuk oleh Ketua MK untuk menjaga independensi penegakan kode etik