bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die kerk vanaf die Ou Testament en die Nuwe Testament tot vandag I: ‘Voortsetting, vervanging of transformasie?’
Authors: Geyser-Fouche Ananda
Published: September 2017

In this article the concept of ‘church’ in the Old Testament is investigated, the way this concept started, developed and evolved is discussed, and then the question is asked whether it is possible to employ this concept in our current context. The concepts and terms in the Old Testament which were later translated and developed into the concept ‘church’, are studied first. Secondly the traditional arguments to employ these Old Testament texts to the concept of ‘church’ will be discussed. Finally a study on the nature of Old Testament texts will be conducted as well as the probable authority that it can or may have in other cultures and times in order to examine whether the Old Testament may have something to say about ecclesiology.
Twenty years of Primafamed Network in Africa: Looking back at the future
Authors: De Maeseneer Jan
Published: September 2017

Abstract not available.
Cytomegalovirus Colitis Presenting as a Rectal Mass
Authors: Cohen Aaron Joseph , Kumar Navin L. , McNabb-Baltar Julia Y.
Published: September 2017

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is a common cause of colitis, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. Rarely, CMV can present as a mass lesion that endoscopically appears consistent with adenocarcinoma. There are no reported cases of a CMV mass lesion inducing rectal prolapse. We present a case of CMV colitis presenting as a rectal mass mimicking adenocarcinoma and causing rectal prolapse in an immunosuppressed female.
El deporte como antídoto contra la fragmentación de audiencias: Un estudio exploratorio de los programas más vistos de la televisión en España (1989-2016)
Authors: Martín-Guart Ramón , Lopez-Gonzalez Hibai , Fernández-Cavia José
Published: September 2017

La fragmentación de la audiencia junto con otros factores ha provocado que las cifras de audiencia disminuyan en la mayoría de las cadenas de televisión. En un nuevo contexto en el que hay que reconsiderar lo que es una buena cuota de audiencia, el contenido deportivo destaca como el último antídoto contra la fragmentación de la audiencia. Metodología: En este artículo se examina el papel del contenido deportivo en la televisión española identificando los programas de televisión más vistos cada año desde 1989 hasta 2016 y se analiza más a fondo a través de entrevistas con ocho profesionales de agencias de medios, cadenas de televisión, propietarios de derechos deportivos y patrocinadores. Resultados y conclusiones: Los resultados reflejan que los canales de televisión han capitalizado sistemáticamente el contenido deportivo premium (fundamentalmente el fútbol) para compensar los efectos de la fragmentación de la audiencia y que, ante la incertidumbre sobre los modelos comerciales de televisión, seguirán haciéndolo en un futuro próximo
A Morphological Study of First Rib Anomalies
Authors: Rashia S , Zaidi SHH
Published: September 2017

Aim

The present study was undertaken to observe the variations of the first rib and understand the significance of such variations.

Materials and methods

Fifty first ribs obtained from the Museum of Anatomy Department of Rohilkhand Medical College & Hospital, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India, were studied to see if any anomaly was present and check its incidence in the Indian population sample and draw clinical and other signi­ficances of such variations.

Results

The findings are discussed and conclusions are drawn. Variations detected include absence of scalene tubercle, vascular groove on the superior surface, rudimentary head and tubercle of the rib, oblique ridge, and exostosis. Their incidence and significance are discussed.

Conclusion

The findings are of considerable clinical, regional, and racial significance.

Clinical significance

Structural malformations of first rib are common, and when present may lead to compression of the neurovascular bundle at the root of the neck. Awareness of such anomalies is important for anatomists, radiologists, and thoracic surgeons dealing with this region.

How to cite this article

Rashia S, Zaidi SHH. A Morphological Study of First Rib Anomalies. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(2):70-72.
Tuberculosis of Middle Ear
Authors: Kakkar Vikas , Sharma Chandni , Bishnoi Surender , Gulati Ankit , Pareek Mohit
Published: September 2017

A 32-year-old female presented with a history of otorrhea and hearing loss in her right ear since 2 years. On examination, external auditory canal was found to be filled with polypoidal tissue along with mucopurulent discharge. Audiometry showed mixed hearing loss of 50, 55, and 60 dB with air-bone gap of 30, 35, and 40 dB at frequencies of 0.5, 1, and 2 kHz respectively. She was operated for the same, and biopsy was sent for histopathological examination, which showed granulomatous inflammation. The patient was treated with antituberculous therapy, and she responded fully to the treatment.

How to cite this article

Gulati A, Kakkar V, Sharma C, Pareek M, Bishnoi S. Tuberculosis of Middle Ear. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(2):104-105.
An evidence-based approach to ending rural hunger
Authors: Kharas Homi , McArthur John W. , von Braun Joachim
Published: September 2017

Progress toward food and nutrition security (FNS) needs to be sharply accelerated in order to achieve the Sustainable Development Goal for ending hunger and malnutrition, especially in rural areas. The G20 should target interventions and investment opportunities to maximize impact on people and transformation of rural areas. Currently, few G20 countries map investments, technical assistance, capacity building and policy improvement in a data-driven way. Such tracking of needs, policies, and resources could include G20 countries’ domestic efforts alongside countries they support with development assistance. The G20 could develop such a methodology to identify countries and interventions where additional resources could have a lasting impact. They could then systematically track and streamline FNS actions taken across international organizations and initiatives to help ensure the SDG is achieved.
Exploring project managers’ perception of stress when working in increasingly complex construction projects
Authors: Jepson Jacqueline Mary , Kirytopoulos Konstantinos , London Kerry
Published: September 2017

Stress is a recognised feature of the project managers’ life. Projects are becoming more complex with the uncertainty in the system contributing to the lack of control and added stress. This study explores a microcosm of 25 project managers in the South Australian construction industry, their perceived level of uncertainty and stress. The project managers interviewed provide their views on what their key stressors were and the mechanisms they use to manage effectively their stress. The results showed that structural, technical and directional complexity of projects was high, but this did not always convert into more stress for the project managers. The results indicate that stressors like the lack of resources; lack of control and increasing accountability were project managers’ primary concerns. Coping strategies included optimism, applying emotional intelligence and active planning strategies. In addition, they reduced their stress by working with good teams, using theirs and their team's experience, implementing sound systems and processes and effectively researching and gathering information.
Book Review - Claims, Disputes and Litigation Involving BIM
Authors: Kassem Mohamad
Published: September 2017

Jason, D. 2015. Claims Disputes and Litigation Involving BIM. Devon, UK: Routledge.
ISBN: 978-0-415-85894-6. 208 pages.
'There's No Aphrodisiac Like Newtown': The Evolving Connection to Place in the Music of the Whitlams
Authors: Giuffre Liz
Published: September 2017

The Whitlams live in Newtown, Australia” is a byline that has appeared on each of the Sydney band’s albums since their beginnings in 1992. During this time the band has progressed from being on a small, independent label with a local audience to achieving national coverage and recognition, culminating with 8 ARIA award nominations in 1998. Of these they won three for Best Group, Song of the Year and Best Independent Release. Following this The Whitlams were signed to Warner Music (as it incorporated Festival Music), and have continued to make albums that still use inner city Sydney as a focus, but are pitched at a less localised audience. The Whitlams have used Sydney as a setting for major local events during this time, (the Sydney Olympics, State Government policies), but also just as a setting to express more personal issues (songs about relationships, aging). This paper will compare The Whitlams’ early releases to the music made after the band gained national attention, looking at how and why Sydney has remained a central theme, but has been expressed in different terms.
The Sydney Dance Music Scene and the Global Diffusion of Contemporary Club Culture
Authors: Montano Ed
Published: September 2017

The development of contemporary, post-disco dance music and its associated culture, as representative of a (supposedly) underground, radical subculture, has been given extensive consideration within popular music studies. Significantly less attention has been given to the commercial, mainstream manifestations of this music. Furthermore, demonstrating the influence of subculture theory, existing studies of dance culture focus largely on youth-based audience participation, and as such, those who engage with dance music on a professional level have been somewhat overlooked. In an attempt to rectify these imbalances, this paper examines the contemporary commercial dance music scene in Sydney, Australia, incorporating an analytical framework that revolves mainly around the work of DJs and the commercial scene they operate within. Given the increasingly global and corporate nature of the dance music scene, there is a sense that the music and culture are becoming less ‘local’ and more ‘international’, with this global movement affecting the identity and development of local scenes, the understandings and practices of those who are involved with these scenes, and the very definition of a ‘scene’ itself. The ideas, opinions and interpretations of a selection of local DJs and other music industry practitioners who work in Sydney are central to the paper’s analysis of DJ culture within the city. It is my intention to place the local scene in Sydney into some sort of wider cultural and global context, but at the same time to highlight what aspects of the scene give it a unique local identity. Being a scene that relies quite heavily on overseas dance culture, and indeed places a certain emphasis on the cultural value of overseas music and international DJs, it can be somewhat difficult for local DJs and producers to establish themselves, and thus a certain tension exists between the local and the global.
Toilets, Tears and Transcendence: The Postmodern (Dis-)Placement of, and in, Two Water-Based Examples of Australian Sound Art
Authors: Kouvaras Linda
Published: September 2017

Water has enjoyed an enduring place as subject matter in western musical works for centuries. And what Douglas Kahn calls “discursive” water has streamed in ‘traditional’ musical works from Handel’s Water Music from 1717 through Romanticism, “albeit in the harmonic gushes that repulsed Cage”. In the ‘experimental’ genres, the early to middle parts of the twentieth century were splattered by various engagements with water and sound, with Percy Grainger’s Free Music innovations sparked by gazing at the waves in the Victorian waters of his childhood from as far back as the late nineteenth century. Water in Surrealist art of the mid-twentieth century often featured live women inhabiting large fish-tank/window displays of sound and water — but their own voices were silent. Kahn wonders whether water for the Surrealist men represented “the vaunted maternal voice proffered in certain psychoanalytic scenarios”. But as Kahn also comments, “since the early 1960s, innumerable artists have combined sound, fluidity and water in every way imaginable”. Two examples of postmodern Sound Art, “Tears”, from Passion (1998), by Andrée Greenwell and The Gordon Assumption (2004) by Wax Sound Media artists David Chesworth and Sonia Leber, have traversed a sizable slab of historico-cultural ground in their use of water (via toilets!) as a major component since mid-century modernism. Through select psychoanalytic theories, it is fascinating to witness how they grapple with the themes of water, woman’s voice and transcendence — “discursively”, with a re-examination of the notions and possibilities of “harmonic gushes”, as well as using modernist-based technology.
Placing Music Video: A new audiovisual modality
Authors: Chua Collin
Published: September 2017

Music, as Jacques Attali emphasises, “is a way of perceiving the world” (1985:4). Sarah Cohen also suggests that: “Individuals can use music as a cultural ‘map of meaning’, drawing upon it to locate themselves in different imaginary geographies… and to articulate both individual and collective identities” (1998: 286-287). Tia DeNora extends on this, pointing out that: “Music can be used as a device for the reflexive process of remembering/constructing who one is, a technology for spinning the apparently continuous tale of who one is” (DeNora 2000: 63). Music has served various integral social and cultural functions in human societies throughout history. It seems clear that as music has changed shape and form through the advent of various reproduction technologies, the ways in which we consume as well as produce music, and the shape and form of music-as-cultural map and music as way of perceiving the world, have also changed over time. In his book The Sight of Sound, Richard Leppert points out: “Precisely because musical sound is abstract, intangible, and ethereal – lost as soon as it is gained – the visual experience of its production is crucial… for locating and communicating the place of music and musical sound within society and culture” (1993: xx-xxi). This paper will focus on what Michel Chion describes as “a very influential new audiovisual form, the music video, which has opened the doors to infinite possibilities in representing relations between a voice and its source” (1999: 172). The paper argues that the contemporary articulation of music and images, built on “infinite possibilities in representing relations between a voice and its source”, has come to shape a persuasive new audiovisual modality for “locating and communicating the place of music and musical sound within society and culture”. In order to examine this new audiovisual modality, I will move away from a conventional approach based upon looking at music video in terms of its non-narrative structure, and instead propose a conceptual approach based on looking at music video in terms of its production of space. This line of discussion will be navigated not by providing close textual readings of various music videos, but rather by examining and theorising the music video as cultural/media form.
Mapping Australian Music. Review Essay
Authors: Mitchell Tony
Published: September 2017

Review Essay
"Rapper on a Rampage": Theorising the Political Significance of Aboriginal Australian Hip Hop and Reggae
Authors: White Cameron
Published: September 2017

Hip hop is a powerful vehicle for the expression of identity and resistance in contemporary Aboriginal popular music. This paper examines the origins of Aboriginal hip hop and explains the reasons for its cultural and political significance. By looking at the influence of reggae in Aboriginal hip hop, especially in the work of CuzCo (Wire MC and Choo Choo), it locates hip hop’s history in terms of the reggae tradition in Aboriginal popular music, represented here by the work of No Fixed Address in the early 1980s. In this way hip hop is understood as part of a longer history of Aboriginal transnationalism. The paper seeks to understand how and why transnationalism is such an important element of Aboriginal political expression. It concludes by arguing that transnationalism represents a speaking position from which Aboriginal Australians can negotiate the cultural hegemony of the state.
Review: Sounds of Then, Sounds of Now - Popular Music in Australia, Hobart
Authors: Van Leeuwen Theo
Published: September 2017

Book Review
Isotopic composition of daily precipitation along southern foothills of
the Himalayas: impact of marine and continental sources of
atmospheric moisture
Authors: Jeelani Ghulam , Deshpande Rajendrakumar D. , Galkowski Michal , Rozanski Kazimierz
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The flow of the Himalayan rivers, a key source of fresh water to more than a billion people primarily depends upon the strength, behaviour and duration of Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) and Western Disturbances (WD), two contrasting circulation regimes of the regional atmosphere. Analysis of 2H and 18O isotope composition of daily precipitation collected along the southern foothills of the Himalayas combined with extensive backward trajectory modelling was used to gain deeper insight into the mechanisms controlling isotopic composition of precipitation and the origin of atmospheric moisture and precipitation during ISM and WD periods. Daily precipitation samples have been collected during the period September 2008 – December 2011 at six stations, extending from Srinagar in the west (Kashmir state) to Dibrugarh in the east (Assam state). In total, 548 daily precipitation samples have been collected and analysed for their stable isotope composition. It is suggested that gradual reduction in 2H and 18O content of precipitation in the studied region, progressing from δ18O values close to zero down to ca. −10 ‰ in the course of ISM evolution, stems from regional, large-scale recycling of moisture-driven monsoonal circulation. Superimposed on this general trend are short-term fluctuations of the isotopic composition of rainfall, having their roots in the local effects such as enhanced convective activity and associated higher degree of rainout of moist air masses (local amount effect), cyclonic storms or impact of isotopically heavy moisture of continental origin. Seasonal footprint maps constructed for three stations representing western, central and eastern portion of the Himalayan region indicate that influence of monsoonal circulation reaches western edges of the Himalayan region. While characteristic imprint of monsoon air masses (increase of monthly rainfall amount) can be completely absent in the western Himalaya, the onset of ISM period in this region is still clearly visible in the isotopic composition of daily precipitation. Characteristic feature of daily precipitation collected during WD period is a gradual increase of 2H and 18O content, reaching positive δ2H and δ18O values towards the end of this period. This trend can be explained by growing importance of moisture of continental origin as a source of daily precipitation. High d-excess values of daily rainfall recorded at the monitoring stations (38 cases in total, range from 20.6 to 44.0 ‰) are attributed to moisture of continental origin released into the atmosphere during evaporation of surface water bodies and/or soil water evaporation.
Process-based modelling of NH3 exchange with grazed grasslands
Authors: Móring Andrea , Vieno Massimo , Doherty Ruth M. , Milford Celia , Nemitz Eiko , Twigg Marsailidh M. , Horváth László , Sutton Mark A.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In this study the GAG model, a process-based ammonia (NH3) emission model for urine patches, was extended and applied for the field scale. The new model (GAG_field) was tested over two modelling periods, for which micrometeorological NH3 flux data were available. Acknowledging uncertainties in the measurements, the model was able to simulate the main features of the observed fluxes. The temporal evolution of the simulated NH3 exchange flux was found to be dominated by NH3 emission from the urine patches, offset by simultaneous NH3 deposition to areas of the field not affected by urine. The simulations show how NH3 fluxes over a grazed field in a given day can be affected by urine patches deposited several days earlier, linked to the interaction of volatilization processes with soil pH dynamics. Sensitivity analysis showed that GAG_field was more sensitive to soil buffering capacity (β), field capacity (θfc) and permanent wilting point (θpwp) than the patch-scale model. The reason for these different sensitivities is dual. Firstly, the difference originates from the different scales. Secondly, the difference can be explained by the different initial soil pH and physical properties, which determine the maximum volume of urine that can be stored in the NH3 source layer. It was found that in the case of urine patches with a higher initial soil pH and higher initial soil water content, the sensitivity of NH3 exchange to β was stronger. Also, in the case of a higher initial soil water content, NH3 exchange was more sensitive to the changes in θfc and θpwp. The sensitivity analysis showed that the nitrogen content of urine (cN) is associated with high uncertainty in the simulated fluxes. However, model experiments based on cN values randomized from an estimated statistical distribution indicated that this uncertainty is considerably smaller in practice. Finally, GAG_field was tested with a constant soil pH of 7.5. The variation of NH3 fluxes simulated in this way showed a good agreement with those from the simulations with the original approach, accounting for a dynamically changing soil pH. These results suggest a way for model simplification when GAG_field is applied later at regional scale.
Influence of solar variability on the occurrence of central European weather types from 1763 to 2009
Authors: Schwander Mikhaël , Rohrer Marco , Brönnimann Stefan , Malik Abdul
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The impact of solar variability on weather and climate in central Europe is still not well understood. In this paper we use a new time series of daily weather types to analyse the influence of the 11-year solar cycle on the tropospheric weather of central Europe. We employ a novel, daily weather type classification over the period 1763–2009 and investigate the occurrence frequency of weather types under low, moderate, and high solar activity level. Results show a tendency towards fewer days with westerly and west-southwesterly flow over central Europe under low solar activity. In parallel, the occurrence of northerly and easterly types increases. For the 1958–2009 period, a more detailed view can be gained from reanalysis data. Mean sea level pressure composites under low solar activity also show a reduced zonal flow, with an increase of the mean blocking frequency between Iceland and Scandinavia. Weather types and reanalysis data show that the 11-year solar cycle influences the late winter atmospheric circulation over central Europe with colder (warmer) conditions under low (high) solar activity.
Daily temperature records from a mesonet in the foothills of the Canadian Rocky Mountains, 2005–2010
Authors: Wood Wendy H. , Marshall Shawn J. , Whitehead Terri L. , Fargey Shannon E.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Near-surface air temperatures were monitored from 2005 to 2010 in a mesoscale network of 230 sites in the foothills of the Rocky Mountains in southwestern Alberta, Canada. The monitoring network covers a range of elevations from 890 to 2880 m above sea level and an area of about 18,000 km2, sampling a variety of topographic settings and surface environments with an average spatial density of one station per 78 km2. This paper presents the multiyear temperature dataset from this study, with minimum, maximum, and mean daily temperature data available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.880611. In this manuscript, we describe the quality control and processing methods used to clean and filter the data and assess its accuracy. Overall data coverage for the study period is 91 %. We introduce a weather-system dependent gap-filling technique to estimate the missing 9 % of data. As a sample application of the data, we present monthly and seasonal distributions of minimum, maximum, and mean daily temperature lapse rates for the region.
Automated model optimisation using the Cylc workflow engine (Cyclops v1.0)
Authors: Gorman Richard M. , Oliver Hilary J.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Most geophysical models include a number of parameters that are not fully determined by theory, and can be ‘tuned’ to improve the model's agreement with available data. We might attempt to automate this tuning process in an objective way by employing an optimisation algorithm to find the set of parameters that minimises a cost function derived from comparing model outputs with measurements. A number of algorithms are available for solving optimisation problems, in various software programming languages, but interfacing such software to a complex geophysical model simulation, presents certain challenges. To tackle this problem, we have developed an optimisation suite ("Cyclops") based on the Cylc workflow engine (http://cylc.github.io/cylc/ and https://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/1836229) that implements a wide selection of optimisation algorithms from the NLopt python toolbox (Johnson, 2014). The Cyclops optimisation suite can be used to calibrate any modelling system that has itself been implemented as a (separate) Cylc model suite, provided it includes computation and output of the desired scalar cost function. A growing number of institutions are using Cylc to orchestrate complex distributed suites of interdependent cycling tasks within their operational forecast systems, and in such cases application of the optimisation suite is particularly straightforward. As a test case, we applied the Cyclops to calibrate a global implementation of the Wavewatch III™ (v4.18) third generation spectral wave model, forced by ERA-Interim input fields. This was calibrated over a one-year period (1997), before applying the calibrated model to a full (1979–2016) wave hindcast. The chosen error metric was the spatial average of the root-mean-square error of hindcast significant wave height compared with collocated altimeter records. We describe the results of a calibration in which up to 19 parameters were optimised.
Can spatial statistical river temperature models be transferred between catchments?
Authors: Jackson Faye L. , Fryer Robert J. , Hannah David M. , Malcolm Iain A.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. There has been increasing use of spatial statistical models to understand and predict river temperature (Tw) from landscape covariates. However, it is not financially or logistically feasible to monitor all rivers and the transferability of such models has not been explored. This paper uses Tw data from four river catchments collected in August 2015 to assess how well spatial regression models predict the maximum 7-day rolling mean of daily maximum Tw (Twmax) within and between catchments. Models were fitted for each catchment separately using (1) landscape covariates only (LS models) and (2) landscape covariates and an air temperature (Ta) metric (LS_Ta models). All the LS models included upstream catchment area and three included a river network smoother (RNS) that accounted for unexplained spatial structure. The LS models transferred reasonably to other catchments, at least when predicting relative levels of Twmax. However, the predictions were biased when mean Twmax differed between catchments. The RNS was needed to characterise and predict finer-scale spatially correlated variation. Because the RNS was unique to each catchment and thus non-transferable, predictions were better within catchments than between catchments. A single model fitted to all catchments found no interactions between the landscape covariates and catchment, suggesting that the landscape relationships were transferable. The LS_Ta models transferred less well, with particularly poor performance when the relationship with the Ta metric was physically implausible or required extrapolation outside the range of the data. A single model fitted to all catchments found catchment-specific relationships between Twmax and the Ta metric, indicating that the Ta metric was not transferable. These findings improve our understanding of the transferability of spatial statistical river temperature models and provide a foundation for developing new approaches for predicting Tw at unmonitored locations across multiple catchments and larger spatial scales.
Simulations and observation of nonlinear internal waves on the continental shelf: Korteweg–de Vries and extended Korteweg–de Vries solutions
Authors: O'Driscoll Kieran , Levine Murray
Published: September 2017

Abstract. Numerical solutions of the Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) and extended Korteweg–de Vries (eKdV) equations are used to model the transformation of a sinusoidal internal tide as it propagates across the continental shelf. The ocean is idealized as being a two-layer fluid, justified by the fact that most of the oceanic internal wave signal is contained in the gravest mode. The model accounts for nonlinear and dispersive effects but neglects friction, rotation and mean shear. The KdV model is run for a number of idealized stratifications and unique realistic topographies to study the role of the nonlinear and dispersive effects. In all model solutions the internal tide steepens forming a sharp front from which a packet of nonlinear solitary-like waves evolve. Comparisons between KdV and eKdV solutions are made. The model results for realistic topography and stratification are compared with observations made at moorings off Massachusetts in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Some features of the observations compare well with the model. The leading face of the internal tide steepens to form a shock-like front, while nonlinear high-frequency waves evolve shortly after the appearance of the jump. Although not rank ordered, the wave of maximum amplitude is always close to the jump. Some features of the observations are not found in the model. Nonlinear waves can be very widely spaced and persist over a tidal period.
Geographic Information Systems: Usability, Perception, and Preferences of Public Health Professionals
Authors: Ben Ramadan Awatef Ahmed , Jackson-Thompson Jeannette , Boren Suzanne Austin
Published: September 2017

Background: Analyzing and visualizing health-related databases using Geographic Information Systems (GISs) becomes essential in controlling many public health problems.Objectives: To explore the perception and preferences of public health professionals (PHPs) about the usability of GISs in public health fieldMethods: For this scoping review, the investigators searched Medline Ovid, PubMed, IEEE, Scopus, and GeoBase databases. A total of 105 articles were identified.  Nine articles met the inclusion criteria.Results: Iterative evaluations, training, and involvement of GIS end users are productive in GIS usability. More methodologies are needed to support the validity of GIS usability studies. The exchange of GIS technology impacts public health policy and research positively.Discussion: PHPs are aware of the use of GISs in the public health field, and the exchange of visualized health data in determining inequalities and inaccessibility issues.Conclusion: GISs are essential to control public health problems, if the related health datasets are analyzed carefully and if the mapping reports are extensively evaluated and interpreted. Keywords:  Geographic Information systems, GIS, Public Health, Usability
Modeling and Forecasting Influenza-like Illness (ILI) in Houston, Texas Using Three Surveillance Data Capture Mechanisms
Authors: Paul Susannah , Mgbere Osaro , Arafat Raouf , Yang Biru , Santos Euncie
Published: September 2017

ObjectiveThe objective was to forecast and validate prediction estimates of influenza activity in Houston, TX using four years of historical influenza-like illness (ILI) from three surveillance data capture mechanisms.BackgroundUsing novel surveillance methods and historical data to estimate future trends of influenza-like illness can lead to earlier detection of influenza activity increases and decreases. Anticipating surges gives public health professionals more time to prepare and increase prevention efforts.Methods Data was obtained from three surveillance systems, Flu Near You, ILINet, and hospital emergency center (EC) visits, with diverse data capture mechanisms. Autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models were fitted to data from each source for week 27 of 2012 through week 26 of 2016 and used to forecast influenza-like activity for the subsequent 10 weeks. Estimates were then compared to actual ILI percentages for the same period.ResultsForecasted estimates had wide confidence intervals that crossed zero. The forecasted trend direction differed by data source, resulting in lack of consensus about future influenza activity. ILINet forecasted estimates and actual percentages had the least differences. ILINet performed best when forecasting influenza activity in Houston, TX.ConclusionThough the three forecasted estimates did not agree on the trend directions, and thus, were considered imprecise predictors of long-term ILI activity based on existing data, pooling predictions and careful interpretations may be helpful for short term intervention efforts. Further work is needed to improve forecast accuracy considering the promise forecasting holds for seasonal influenza prevention and control, and pandemic preparedness.
Impoliteness Strategies in English and Arabic Facebook Comments
Authors: Hammod Najla Majeed , Abdul-Rassul Arwa
Published: September 2017

The study investigates Culpeper's (1996) impoliteness strategies in English and Arabic Facebook comments. The study aims at describing the types of impoliteness strategies used by facebookers in online contexts, and what factors may affect this use. As such, six pages are selected and there are four strategies found in Facebook contexts: bald on record impoliteness, positive impoliteness, sarcasm/mock impoliteness. Positive and negative impoliteness are the most frequent types, whereas, withdraw politeness does not exist in online contexts. The findings show a great similarity between English and Arabic data in the most used strategies, but the topics that cause the use of impoliteness were different.
Effect of Individual Factor on Entrepreneurship Intention among Undergraduate Students in Bhutan
Authors: Dendup Tashi , Acharja Indra Lal
Published: September 2017

The study explored the effects of age; field of study, academic performance, and past job experience of undergraduate students under Royal University of Bhutan (RUB) on their entrepreneurial intention. Today, youth entrepreneurship is regarded as a career option. It is, therefore, important for the policymakers, educators, and the public to understand individual factors that influence to become entrepreneurs. This study collected data from 384 undergraduate students (sample size determined using Yamane formula) within the age group of 18-34 from four colleges under RUB using self-administrative structured questionnaires. To ensure representativeness in each selected college, it devised multi-stage proportionate sampling technique. This study conducted Chi-square test of independence to examine the influence of individual factors on their entrepreneurial intentions. The result showed that the academic course the student assumed and their past job experiences, especially in business has a relationship with their entrepreneurial career plan after graduation. Likewise, student's age influences their entrepreneurship intention. However, the result showed no relationship between academic performance and their entrepreneurial intentions after their graduation. Therefore, findings suggest the need for entrepreneurship education in the university curriculum.
Review of Condition Assessment Methods for Subsea High Voltage Components
Authors: Kulagin Dmytro , Mauseth Frank , Ildstad Erling
Published: September 2017

This paper presents a review on condition assessment ofsome of the most critical components in the power gridtoday, such as transformers, rotating machines andcables and their accessories. The main purpose is toidentify methods that can be applicable for high voltageequipment for subsea use. The question addressed iswhat diagnostic tools should be used to detectapparatuses with a high probability of failure duringservice.It is shown that today, only distributed temperaturesensing systems are used for subsea applications. At thesame time, the majority of condition assessmenttechniques used onshore can be adjusted for subsea use,particularly methods applicable for on-line monitoring.
Simulation of Electric Faults in Doubly-Fed Induction Generators Employing Advanced Mathematical Modelling
Authors: Martens Sebastian , Mijatovic Nenad , Holbøll Joachim , Skrimpas Georgis A. , Sweeney Christian W.
Published: September 2017

Efficient fault detection in generators often require prior knowledge of fault behavior, which can be obtained from theoretical analysis, often carried out by using discrete models of a given generator. Mathematical models are commonly represented in the DQ0 reference frame, which is convenient in many areas of electrical machine analysis. However, for fault investigations, the phase-coordinate representation has been found more suitable. This paper presents a mathematical model in phase coordinates of the DFIG with two parallel windings per rotor phase. The model has been implemented in Matlab and its properties in context of fault simulations and investigations has been investigated. Some of the most common faults have been simulated, namely broken rotor bars or windings, dynamic eccentricities and stator phase winding short circuits. These fault conditions propagate to the stator current as undesired spectral components, which can be detected by applying frequency spectrum analysis.
Critical Conductor Temperatures in Submarine Cables Equipped with Protection Pipes
Authors: Østerø Rógvi , Holbøll Joachim , Olsen Rasmus , Aristi Ivan Arana
Published: September 2017

Submarine cables used in harsh environmental conditions are often strengthened by means of protective structures, in addition to the armour, for  enhanced mechanical durability. The added exterior protection shields the cable against damage during installation and operation. These, polymeric ormetallic protective structures, contribute to the temperature increase in the cables by reducing the natural cooling processes. In this paper are described investigations on the thermal conditions in and outside a three-phased armoured submarine cable equipped with a fully enclosed mechanical protection. The investigations are conducted through a full-scale experiment, including mitigation techniques. In the full-scale experiment, the effects of the protective pipe result in a temperature increase when compared to an experiment using a cable with no protective pipe. The measurements show that the addition of the mechanical protection may result in the phase conductor temperatures to reach andexceed the critical 90 °C limit, even under otherwise normal operating conditions.The effect of measures to mitigate the increase in phase conductor temperature was also investigated. At set intervals a symmetrical distribution of holeswere drilled into the protective pipe. This mitigation technique resulted in a temperature decrease of approximately 9 °C in phase conductor temperature.
The influence of temperature differences in moist environments on surface discharges on solid insulation
Authors: Holbøll Joachim , Sverrisson Sverrir Ingi
Published: September 2017

The electric breakdown strength of insulating surfaces in HV systems is known to be greatly affected by moisture deposited on the surface. This has been known for decades in relation to HV outdoor insulation. Another application range, where breakdown voltages as a function of moisture and temperature are relevant is the offshore industry. Subsea applications of high voltages systems can mean harsh temperature conditions in connection with moist environments, such that electrical breakdown conditions in these environments need special focus.For gas insulated systems the moisture level is normally kept at a preferred minimum to avoid accumulation of condensation on the insulating surfaces, in particular on highly stressed areas.In this paper has been investigated the correlation between the electric flashover voltage of an insulating surface in moist environments and the condensation process on the insulating surface, as dependent on the dynamic moisture/temperature conditions.Under extreme environmental conditions, rapid temperature fluctuations can occur and cause accumulation of water droplets on surfaces. A series of tests were conducted on an insulation sample in air, showing the flashover voltage as a function of the temperature difference between gas and insulating surface.The breakdown field was, as expected, dependent on the formation of condensation on the surface. At high moisture content in the gas no relation between temperature gradient and flashover voltage was found, at moderate moisture the dependency did not give a clear picture.
Off-Line Field Diagnostics for MV and HV Oil-Paper Insulated Cables
Authors: Banerjee Sarajit , Naderian Ali , Sedding Howard
Published: September 2017

Focusing on off-line electrical diagnostics this paper presents a technical approach, including acceptance criteria options, for in-situ field condition assessment of MV paper insulated lead covered (PILC) cable and HV/EHV self-contained fluid-filled (SCFF) cables. The proposed approach consists of a combination of off-line AC Hipot, partial discharge (PD) measurement and frequency domain dielectric spectroscopy. Case studies illustrate the successful practical application of thistechnical approach for diagnostics and condition assessment, including replacement prioritization or ‘return to service’ decisions on critical cables.
Formalizing modulation and the emergence of phonological heads
Authors: Schwartz Geoffrey
Published: September 2017

This paper provides an account of how certain instances of “headedness” in segmental phonology may be derived within the Onset Prominence (OP) representational framework. It is shown that headedness is not a primitive property of OP representation, but rather emerges directly from the phonetic anatomy of the OP representational primitives, envisioned in terms of Traunmüller’s Modulation Theory. The phonological status of voicing, including the relationship between nasals and voiced stops has been ascribed to headedness. Here it is shown to fall out from the Modulation perspective on laryngeal phonology. With regard to vowel quality, it is shown that apparent headedness effects derive from asymmetries in the modulatory properties of formant convergences as opposed to individual formants. Empirical implications of this perspective are reflected in vowel harmony patterns, by which rounding is typically less likely to be harmonic than palatality or tongue root advancement. This article is part of the Special Collection: Headedness in Phonology
Detection of Common Errors in Turkish EFL Students’ Writing through a Corpus Analytic Approach
Authors: Demirel Elif Tokdemir
Published: September 2017

The present study aims to explore Turkish EFL students’ major writing difficulties by analyzing the frequent writing errors in academic essays. Accordingly, the study examined errors in a corpus of 150 academic essays written by Turkish EFL students studying at the Department of English Language and Literature at a public university in Turkey. The essays were written on assigned topics as take home exam papers or assignments in the context of a first year academic writing course. The corpus consisted of essays of various lengths ranging from 500 word essays to 1500 word essays. The essays were compiled into a corpus and analyzed by using a concordance program. The essays were also checked for plagiarism using the online plagiarism detection software and plagiarized essays were excluded from the analysis. Errors were classified by using an error classification system which was organized according to lexico-grammatical categories. The resulting categories consisted of mostly syntactic and lexical categories of error but academic style errors were considered as well. As a result of the analysis, in terms of error categories, the most frequent errors were observed in the verb related error categories. When considered individually, the most frequent errors were observed in noun modification and were mostly interference related.
The Re-designing of Business Education through Web Tools: From Universities Web-radio to On-line Magazines
Authors: Della Volpe Maddalena , Esposito Francesca
Published: September 2017

Traditional teaching methods should be redesigned and renewed by consulting all those involved in the learning process: students, teachers, institutions, companies, in order to create a network whose aim is to exchange and transfer knowledge. The criteria used to choose a distance learning course program, should also be applied to building the right network to reach pre-determined goals. In both cases, we have a classroom- real or virtual- and it is only when we step outside the usual learning environment, that we can increase learning opportunities, by stimulating and motivating learners in a new way. Stepping out from a traditional classroom environment results in an open mind regarding the world of work , especially in the field of Business Education. New ,innovative and creative web 2.0 tools, such as university web-radios and on-line magazines could offer this opportunity by modifying teaching methods as could being part of the above-mentioned network . Moreover, both tools are user-friendly, cheap and quite simple to put into practice and manage. As there was little data available regarding Italian university web-radios and national academic magazines, we decided to carry out our own research. Little research had been previously carried out in this area.In this paper, we refer to WayOut a pilot project aimed at developing an entrepreneurial mindset by, engaging students in an interesting learning environment in order to make them capable of managing their life project, of reaching specific goals and subsequently of being able to take advantage of opportunities, which arise. Our aim is to encourage interaction between universities and businesses by removing the barriers between the internal and the external environment, thus making reciprocal knowledge transfer easier: from the company to the university and from university to the company.
Criteria for Measuring the Efficiency and Effectiveness of Human Resources Management Strategy and its Relation to Institutional Performance at Al Rajhi Bank at Al Qassim in Saudi Arabia from the Employees’ Point of View
Authors: Alwehabie Abdullah M.
Published: September 2017

The study aimed to identify the efficiency and effectiveness of human resources management strategies in Al Rajhi bank at Al Qassim, namely human resource planning, selection and recruitment, employee performance evaluation, training of employees and their relation to institutional performance. The study population consisted of (17) branches of Al Rajhi bank at Al Qassim and the study sample consisted of (4) branches of Al Rajhi bank. The study found the following results: There is a positive relationship between the efficiency and effectiveness of human resources planning strategies at Al Rajhi bank and its institutional performance. There is a positive relationship between the efficiency and effectiveness of selection and recruitment strategies at Al Rajhi bank and its institutional performance, as well as a positive relationship between the efficiency and effectiveness of staff training strategies and their institutional performance. Among the recommendations of the study are to analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the internal environment, opportunities and threats to the external environment, and to analyze, describe and classify the functions of the organizational structures of Saudi banks in general and Al Rajhi Bank in particular.