bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No. IV: A STUDY OF THE CISCOES OF LAKE ERIE
Authors: CLEMENS WILBERT A.
Published: April 2011

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No. V: THE FOOD OF CISCOES (Leucichthys) IN LAKE ERIE
Authors: CLEMENS WILBERT A. , BIGELOW N. K.
Published: April 2011

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No. 8: THE CIRCULATION OF THE WATER IN THE BAY OF FUNDY: PART I: INTRODUCTION AND DRIFT BOTTLE EXPERIMENTS
Authors: MAVOR JAMES W.
Published: April 2011

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No.: 11 POLYCHAETOUS ANNELIDS FROM THE NANAIMO DISTRICT.: PART I. SYLLIDÆ TO SIGALIONIDÆ.
Authors: BERKELEY EDITH
Published: April 2011

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No. 13: RUSTY HERRING
Authors: HARRISON D.SC. F. C.
Published: April 2011

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No. 15: THE FREEZING OF FISH—FAILURE AND SUCCESS
Authors: JACKSON F. SLATER
Published: April 2011

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No. 16: NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF FREE-LIVING COPEPODA IN CANADIAN WATERS
Authors: WILLEY A.
Published: April 2011

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No. 18: THE CIRCULATION OF THE WATER IN THE BAY OF FUNDY: PART II: THE DISTRIBUTION OF TEMPERATURE, SALINITY AND DENSITY IN 1919 AND THE MOVEMENTS OF THE WATER WHICH THEY INDICATE IN THE BAY OF FUNDY
Authors: MAVOR JAMES W.
Published: April 2011

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No. 20: UREA IN FRESH AND FROZEN GRAYFISH
Authors: BENSON C. C.
Published: April 2011

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No. 21: LARVÆ OF THE HALIBUT (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) ON THE ATLANTIC COAST OF NOVA SCOTIA
Authors: COX PH.D. PHILIP
Published: April 2011

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No. 22: THE BODY TEMPERATURE OF FISHES
Authors: BRITTON S. W.
Published: April 2011

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No. 23: AN ANNOTATED LIST OF A COLLECTION OF FISHES MADE BY FRANCIS HARPER IN THE ATHABASKA REGION IN 1920, TO WHICH IS APPENDED A LIST OF SPECIES COLLECTED BY DR. R. T. MORRIS IN THE DISTRICT BETWEEN LAKE WINNIPEG AND HUDSON BAY IN 1905
Authors: KENDALL WILLIAM CONVERSE
Published: April 2011

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No. I: A BACTERIOLOGICAL AND CHEMICAL STUDY OF CERTAIN PROBLEMS IN LOBSTER CANNING
Authors: REED GUILFORD B. , MACLEOD D. J.
Published: April 2011

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No. 7: THE YIELD OF INSULIN FROM FISH
Authors: MCCORMICK N. A. , NOBLE E. C.
Published: April 2011

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No. 14: THE GRIBBLE: A STUDY OF THE DISTRIBUTION FACTORS AND THE LIFE-HISTORY OF LIMNORIA LIGNORUM AT ST. ANDREWS, N.B.
Authors: Henderson B.A. Jean T.
Published: April 2011

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No. 20: RHIZOPODA AND HELIOZOA FROM BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: WAILES G. H.
Published: April 2011

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No. 3: A SECOND LIST OF THE BRYOZOA (POLYZOA) FROM THE VANCOUVER ISLAND REGION
Authors: O'DONOGHUE D.Sc., F.Z.S., F.R.S.C. CHAS. H. , O'DONOGHUE B.A. ELSIE
Published: April 2011

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No. 4: CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE STUDY OF MARINE GASTROPODS: I. THE PHYSICAL FACTORS, BEHAVIOUR, AND INTERTIDAL LIFE OF LITTORINA
Authors: GOWANLOCH J. NELSON , HAYES F. RONALD
Published: April 2011

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No. 13: ENTOMOSTRACA OF THE BELLE ISLE STRAIT EXPEDITION, 1923, WITH NOTES ON OTHER PLANKTONIC SPECIES: PART II; AND A RECORD OF OTHER COLLECTIONS IN THE REGION
Authors: PINHEY M. SC. KATHLEEN F.
Published: April 2011

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No. 14: BACTERIA CONCERNED IN THE SPOILAGE OF HADDOCK; PRELIMINARY PAPER
Authors: GEE PH.D. A. H.
Published: April 2011

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No. 16: REPORTS OF THE JASPER PARK LAKES INVESTIGATIONS, 1925–26: I. THE FISHES
Authors: BAJKOV ALÈXANDER
Published: April 2011

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No. 23: SOME NORTH PACIFIC WHALE BARNACLES
Authors: CORNWALL F.G.S. IRA E.
Published: April 2011

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NOTES ON CANADIAN ROTIFERA
Authors: KOCH L. W.
Published: April 2011

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THE IODINE CONTENT OF THE THYROID OF TWO SPECIES OF ELASMOBRANCHS AND ONE SPECIES OF TELEOST
Authors: BURWASH FRANCES M.
Published: April 2011

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THE VALIDITY OF LOPHIUS AMERICANUS VAL. AS A SPECIES DISTINCT FROM L. PISCATORIUS LINN., WITH NOTES ON THE RATE OF DEVELOPMENT
Authors: BERRILL N. J.
Published: April 2011

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REPORTS OF THE JASPER PARK LAKES INVESTIGATIONS, 1925-26 VI. THE BEETLES
Authors: WALLIS J. B.
Published: April 2011

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THE DISTRIBUTION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE CUNNER (TAUTOGOLABRUS ADSPERSUS WALBAUM) ALONG THE EASTERN COAST OF CANADA
Authors: REID MARGARET E.
Published: April 2011

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NOTES ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF FREE-LIVING COPEPODA IN CANADIAN WATERS: PART II. SOME INTERTIDAL HARPACTICOIDS FROM ST. ANDREWS, NEW BRUNSWICK
Authors: WILLEY ARTHUR
Published: April 2011

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AN INVESTIGATION OF THE LIFE HISTORY AND PROPAGATION OF THE SOCKEYE SALMON (ONCORHYNCHUS NERKA) AT CULTUS LAKE, BRITISH COLUMBIA: No. 3. THE DOWN-STREAM MIGRATION OF THE YOUNG IN 1926 AND 1927
Authors: FOERSTER PH.D. R. E.
Published: April 2011

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THE AMPHIPODA OF THE CHETICAMP EXPEDITION OF 1917
Authors: SHOEMAKER CLARENCE R.
Published: April 2011

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BIOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF MANITOBAN LAKES
Authors: BAJKOV ALEXANDER
Published: April 2011

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THE PARASITIC COPEPODS OF THE FISH OF THE PASSAMAQUODDY REGION
Authors: BERE RUBY
Published: April 2011

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A STUDY OF THE WHITEFISH (COREGONUS CLUPEAFORMIS) IN MANITOBAN LAKES
Authors: BAJKOV ALEXANDER
Published: April 2011

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THE CHANGES IN THE BLOOD CONCENTRATION OF RAJA ERINACEA PRODUCED BY MODIFICATION OF THE SALINITY OF THE EXTERNAL MEDIUM
Authors: CHAISSON A. F.
Published: April 2011

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THE SOLUBLE PROTEINS OF THE MUSCLE TISSUE OF THE HADDOCK
Authors: LOGAN J. F.
Published: April 2011

As a contribution to the chemistry of muscle tissue, the solubility of the protein of haddock muscle in aqueous solutions of sodium chloride and neutral potassium phosphate, respectively, was determined. The results are expressed in tabular form and graphically in the form of solubility curves. A water-soluble protein and also a salt-soluble protein were isolated from dialyzed haddock muscle by extraction methods. These proteins were obtained in a comparatively pure condition by precipitation from solution in the region of their isoelectric points.
STUDIES ON THE RESPIRATORY MECHANISM IN SKATES
Authors: BABKIN B. P. , M'GONIGLE R. H.
Published: April 2011

Spinal skates (Raja spp.), or specimens under Dial, Ciba (0.4 cc. per kg.), were employed. When such means of circulatory arrest were used as exsanguination, ligation of the conus arteriosus, and large doses of pilocarpin (8 mg. per kg.), respiration continued for about forty-two minutes after the blood-flow had ceased. Experimental investigation of the effect of water-flow indicated it to be a primary factor in respiratory regulation as the movements disappeared when water-flow was stopped (they were diminished very much by too great water-flow). Special movements, "gasping", would then appear. Normal rhythm returned as soon as water-flow was resumed. This picture was profoundly altered by perfusion of cocaine solution (0.25% in sea-water) through the mouth and gills. If the water-flow be stopped for a longer period, in about five minutes would appear regular, though infrequent, and often weaker contractions of the branchial arches. The period of time during which these contractions would continue would depend upon the state of excitability of the respiratory centres. Certain experiments carried out on the central nervous system tend to confirm the idea of a segmental arrangement of the respiratory centres. A double mechanism for respiratory control is indicated; a weakly developed automaticity of the centres, and a finely elaborated reflex mechanism, the reaction of which varies with the stimuli received.
THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MARINE PRODUCTS: IV. A NOTE ON THE VITAMIN A CONTENT OF COMMERCIAL PILCHARD OIL
Authors: FINN D. B.
Published: April 2011

Vitamin A deficiencies in the diets of albino rats have been overcome by feeding commercial pilchard oil. The effects of graduated doses have been examined and satisfactory growth rates have been obtained by feeding 12 mg. per day per rat, though no emphasis is placed upon absolute evaluation of vitamin potency. In comparison colorimetric assay gave values lower than the feeding experiments indicate.
APPARATUS FOR DRYING-OIL RESEARCH
Authors: BROCKLESBY H. N. , DENSTEDT O. F.
Published: April 2011

Three devices for use in oil research are described. These are respectively (1) a modified vacuum distillation receiver; (2) automatic device for the determination of the rate of oxygen absorption of oils; and (3) a device for automatically determining the drying-time of protective films.
THE BACTERICIDAL EFFECT OF THE "PRINCE RUPERT" SEA WATER SAMPLING BOTTLE
Authors: BEDFORD ROBERT H.
Published: April 2011

Experimental results indicated that metals used in a bacteriological water sampling bottle were not toxic to a certain marine organism within an incubation period of 60 minutes. After this elapse of time the bactericidal effect became apparent.
THE GROWTH OF THE WHITEFISH COREGONUS CLUPEAFORMIS (MITCHILL)
Authors: HART JOHN LAWSON
Published: April 2011

Rates of growth for whitefish from four localities in lake Ontario, from lake Nipigon and from Shakespeare Island lake have been studied by the scale method. Fish from the two northern lakes grow less rapidly than those from lake Ontario localities. The considerable variation among the latter can be explained in part by the selectivity of nets and overcrowding near much frequented spawning grounds. The weight is proportional to a power of the length, the power being in the neighbourhood of 3.4. A study of proportionate measurements shows that male fish have longer fins than females and that there is considerable change in the form of a fish with growth. This is related to the excess over the cube relationship between weight and length. Large fish have smaller heads and eyes and greater depth and interorbital width. It is suggested that races or types of fish may be produced by the character of the habitat in which they live. There is no change with growth in the proportion of total weight to weight of viscera.
BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY: I. HUDSON BAY AND THE DETERMINATION OF FISHERIES
Authors: HUNTSMAN A. G.
Published: April 2011

The waters of Hudson bay, though potentially rich, do not present suitable conditions for the development of fisheries of any magnitude. Fresh water from an extensive drainage basin mixes only superficially with the salt water, so that the bay has an estuarial character, apart from the somewhat barren deeper arctic water, with the fisheries largely those of the rivers emptying into it.
BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY: 5. THE PLANKTONIC DIATOMS IN HUDSON BAY
Authors: DAVIDSON V. M.
Published: April 2011

Surface catches of diatoms taken in Hudson bay in August and September 1930, revealed well-known species of arctic origin. They were most abundant and in best condition near the mouth of the bay, decreasing rapidly inwards, irrespective of the water temperature or the time of the catch.
THE EFFECT OF CERTAIN HORMONE-LIKE SUBSTANCES ON THE ISOLATED HEART OF THE SKATE
Authors: HUNTSMAN M. ELINOR
Published: April 2011

The excised hearts of spinal skates (Raja spp.) were employed, using a modified Straub method with Smith's perfusion fluid. Adrenaline, when added to the perfusion fluid, produced both acceleration and augmentation of the heart beats, but after atropine adrenaline had scarcely any effect. Acetyl choline diminished the rate and decreased the amplitude of the heart beat but on addition of atropine the beat returned to normal. Histamine produced augmentation and a slight acceleration of the heart beat. It was concluded that the skate heart reacts to this substance in much the same way as does the mammalian heart but in the case of the skate there is a rather poorly developed sympathetic innervation.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF GASTRIC SECRETION IN THE DOG AFTER INGESTION OF HADDOCK FLESH AND SKIN AND OF BEEF MEAT
Authors: KOMAROV S. A.
Published: April 2011

Ingestion of broths prepared from haddock skin freed from scale activated in a Pavlov's pouch dog a secretion of gastric juice which was 85% greater than did corresponding preparations of haddock flesh or beef muscle. Admixture of haddock skin to the food causes an augmentation of the gastric secretion.
BIOLOGICAL AND OCEANOGRAPHIC CONDITIONS IN HUDSON BAY: 6. THE GENERAL HYDROGRAPHY AND HYDRODYNAMICS OF THE WATERS OF THE HUDSON BAY REGION
Authors: HACHEY H. B.
Published: April 2011

The waters of Hudson bay differ markedly from the waters of Hudson strait and the waters of the open ocean. Intense stratification in the upper twenty-five metres, decreasing as the waters of the open ocean are approached, gives Hudson bay the character of a large estuary. Below fifty metres the waters are for all purposes dynamically dead, thus resulting in a cold saline body of water which probably undergoes very little change from season to season. The movements of the waters at various levels are dealt with to show that the inflow of waters from Fox channel and the many fresh-water drainage areas control the hydrographic conditions as found. The main water movement is from the James bay area to Hudson strait and thence to the open ocean.
ON THE COLORIMETRIC ESTIMATION OF SILICA
Authors: KING EARL J.
Published: April 2011

Describes an apparatus to overcome the difficulty in the colorimetric estimation of silica presented by the natural colour of the water, by means of "compensating" tubes of water below ordinary Hehner tubes.
ON THE OCCURRENCE OF SILICA IN THE WATERS OF THE PASSAMAQUODDY BAY REGION
Authors: KING HAZEL M.
Published: April 2011

A study of the occurrence of silica in the waters of Passamaquoddy bay region has shown very little difference in amount from top to bottom in localities where the turning over of water was very marked, but where the water movement was not so pronounced the values varied considerably with depth. The silica content of the water decreased during the summer months. Fresh waters tributary to the bay had a higher silica content than that of the waters of the bay itself.
THE FOOD OF THE PILCHARD, SARDINOPS CAERULEA (GIRARD), OFF THE COAST OF BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: WAILES GEORGE HERBERT , HART JOHN LAWSON
Published: April 2011

The contents of the digestive tracts of representative specimens from the commercial catch for four seasons show fifty-three Diatomaceae ("green feed"), fifty-five Dinoflagellata, and twenty-six Crustacea ("red feed"), but chiefly Diatomaceae and Copepoda.
HAPLOBRANCHUS ATLANTICUS, A NEW SPECIES OF POLYCHAETOUS ANNELID FROM ST. ANDREWS, N.B.
Authors: TREADWELL A. L.
Published: April 2011

The new species shows certain affinities with Amphiglena Claparède (in gill structure), and Dybowscella Nusbaum (in uncinal structure), but on the whole agrees best with Haplobranchus Bourne, in which genus it is placed provisionally.
SEX REVERSAL IN OSTREA VIRGINICA
Authors: NEEDLER ALFREDA BERKELEY
Published: April 2011

By considering the sex ratios of Atlantic oysters of Canada and northern United States and by comparing these with the ages and average sizes of the oysters and with their degree of proximity to one another, the following conclusions are reached. The majority of oysters in any one population mature as males and later change to females. This change may be hastened by an environment favourable to growth or retarded by the proximity of older females. A marked oyster known to be male in 1930 was shown to be female in 1931. A few hermaphroditic oysters have been found. It was shown that self-fertilization in these is possible and it is believed that it may sometimes take place.
ON A COLLECTION OF LITTORAL POLYCHAETA FROM THE WEST COAST OF VANCOUVER ISLAND
Authors: BERKELEY E. , BERKELEY C.
Published: April 2011

No collection of littoral Polychaeta from the west coast of Vancouver island has hitherto been described. This paper records twenty-eight species collected on that coast at two bays north of Barkley sound. Of these twenty-eight species, twenty-two have already been recorded from the east coast of the island. Of the six remaining species, two have previously been known from California only, one from California and Japan and one from Alaska only; one is a new record for the west coast of North America and one is a new species.
THE GENUS LEUCICHTHYS (CISCOES OR TULLIBEES) IN MANITOBAN WATERS
Authors: BAJKOV A.
Published: April 2011

A key to their identification and brief accounts are given of the following species and subspecies: L. nipigon, L. zenithicus, L. nigripinnis, L. artedi tullibee, L. artedi artedi, L. lucidus, and L. hoyi.
DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SPECIES OF CRAB OF THE GENUS PARALITHODES
Authors: MACKAY DONALD C. G.
Published: April 2011

The species based on five specimens obtained in 1930 near Prince Rupert, British Columbia, has been designated Paralithodes rostrofalcatus since it has a conspicuous long falcate subrostral spine.
STUDIES IN FISH OILS: 2. THE DECOLORIZATION OF PILCHARD OIL
Authors: BROCKLESBY H. N. , MOORE L. P.
Published: April 2011

The decolorization of pilchard oil has been studied, using eight different earths. The effect of temperature and quantity of earth on the decolorizing efficiency has been found. By a simple acid treatment, bentonite clay can be converted into an efficient decolorizing material.
MARINE BACTERIA OF THE NORTHERN PACIFIC OCEAN THE TEMPERATURE RANGE OF GROWTH
Authors: BEDFORD ROBERT H.
Published: April 2011

The temperature range of growth of certain marine bacteria varied considerably, being from as small as 15° to as great as 50 °C. The lowest temperature of growth was −7.5° and the highest was 45°. All the organisms grew at 0° except four. The optimum was generally from 20° to 25°, but there were many exceptions, some growing best at 37°, and one growing equally well from 20° to 42.5°.
STUDIES IN FISH OILS: 3. SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE HYDROGENATION OF PILCHARD OIL
Authors: BROCKLESBY H. N. , CHARNLEY F.
Published: April 2011

Rate curves for the hydrogenation of pilchard oil show two distinct branches which represent more nearly reactions of a linear rather than a logarithmic type. The effect of the accumulation of impurities on the hydrogen absorption curves studied is shown to be negligible.The relationship between refractive index and iodine value of the hydrogenated oil can be expressed as an equation of the form n = a + bI + cI2, where n = the refractive index, I the iodine value, and a, b and c are constants.Within the limits of experimental error, the fall in iodine value is directly proportional to hydrogen absorption but is slightly different over the two regions of hydrogenation.
THE PARTITION OF NON-PROTEIN NITROGEN IN HADDOCK'S MUSCLE
Authors: KOMAROV S. A.
Published: April 2011

Striking differences were found in the partition of non-protein nitrogen in haddock's muscle as compared with the muscle of warm-blooded animals. In haddock's muscle the percentage was for the humine bodies lower, for the nitrogenous bases higher, for the bases of the histidine-arginine fraction relatively lower, and for the lysine fraction much higher than in the case of warm-blooded animals.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE DURING DEVELOPMENT ON THE NUMBER OF SCALES IN THE KAMLOOPS TROUT, SALMO KAMLOOPS JORDAN
Authors: MOTTLEY C. McC.
Published: April 2011

An experiment on the Kamloops trout of Kootenay lake was undertaken to determine if temperature conditions prevailing during development might modify the number of scales. Both adult and fingerling trout were found to have an average of 145 rows. Fingerlings reared from parents spawned at the end of the run and therefore exposed to a higher temperature, had an average of 135 rows and were significantly different from their own parents and the population as a whole. In a control set up 5 °C. higher than the normal hatchery temperature, the average value of the brood studied was further reduced by 5 rows. It is suggested that the scale count is probably the reflection of the environmental conditions pertaining during development.
LACTOSE-FERMENTING BACTERIA FROM THE INTESTINAL CONTENTS OF MARINE FISH
Authors: GIBBONS NORMAN E.
Published: April 2011

From 112 marine fishes examined for the presence of lactose-fermenting bacteria, 31 strains were isolated which produced acid and gas in this sugar and 3 which produced acid only.Ten strains belonged to the genus Aerobacter, 8 being Aer. aerogenes and 2 probably varieties of Aer. cloacae. Nine were soil types and the relationship of one was doubtful.Of 24 Escherichia types, 8 were faecal mammalian strains and one was doubtful. These belonged to the species Esch. coli, Esch. communior, Esch. grünthali and Bact. immobilis. One was found in a haddock taken 3 miles offshore; the others were found in fish taken in contaminated waters or near shore.Esch. coli, Esch. communior and Aer. aerogenes are not normal inhabitants of the intestinal tracts of marine fish.
YOUNG HADDOCK IN THE VICINITY OF HALIFAX, N.S.
Authors: VLADYKOV V. D.
Published: April 2011

This study is based on five hundred and seventy-six haddock caught in Eastern passage and Bedford basin.The material from both localities consisted of the broods of 1928, 1929, 1930 and 1931; the three-year-old fish (brood 1929) were most abundant in both places, comprising over 70%.A striking inverse relationship between water temperatures and number of fish caught was established. The highest catches were made at temperatures from 4 to 7 °C., whereas between 11 and 13 °C. only small occasional catches were obtained.
EFFECTS OF LOW TEMPERATURES ON THE GROWTH OF MARINE BACTERIA
Authors: HESS ERNEST
Published: April 2011

Growth of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Flavobacterium deciduosum, and B. vulgatus (all of marine origin) in buffered nutrient broth at 37°, 20°, 5°, 0° and −3 °C. has been followed quantitatively by means of plate counts. Maximum crops were obtained at 5 °C. in all cases, and higher total crops at 0° and −3° than at 37° and 20°. Maximum crop yield is considered a better criterion for optimum growth temperature than the growth rate during logarithmic growth. These marine bacteria are therefore considered to be truly psychrophilic.
THE PREPARATION OF AN ARTIFICIAL HORN FROM FISH MUSCLE (PRELIMINARY COMMUNICATION)
Authors: JOHNSTON W. W. , BEATTY S. A.
Published: April 2011

An attempt has been made to find a profitable outlet, both for the excess amounts of protein from fish muscle which accumulate when the market is glutted, and for the non-marketable varieties of fish. The attempt consisted of an investigation of the suitability of fish proteins as a substitute for casein in the artificial horn industry.It has been found possible to prepare from certain varieties of fish muscle an artificial horn with properties resembling in many respects the artificial horn prepared from milk protein. The natural colour of the hardened plastic prepared from fish muscle varies in shade from a light brown to green, and hence is not as adaptable to the production of objects of light shade as that prepared from casein. It appears, however, to be suitable for the preparation of such articles as black or deeply coloured buttons.
The Replacement of Bay of Fundy Waters
Authors: Hachey H. B.
Published: April 2011

Comparative values for the replacements of bay of Fundy waters have been determined for each year of the period 1924–1930 inclusive, by a consideration of the differences between the annual ranges of temperature at various levels in the bay of Fundy. These differences in annual ranges of temperature may be correlated to some extent with the average amount of drainage water from the St. John river system and the "adverse excess" of winds.
The Non-Protein Nitrogenous Constituents of Fish and Lobster Muscle
Authors: Campbell James
Published: April 2011

Cod, haddock, salmon, herring, skate and lobster, were investigated, the first two alone proving to be closely related chemically. In the first four the total non-protein nitrogen is of the same order; but in skate it is [Formula: see text] times as great, due to urea, ammonia and other volatile bases, and in lobster [Formula: see text] times as great, due to the monoamino acid and histidine-arginine fractions. Cod is very rich in the lysine fraction and poor in the histidine-arginine fraction, the reverse of the condition in ox. In herring this difference is also present but is not so great. In lobster the lysine fraction is slightly less than in cod but the nitrogen of the histidine-arginine fraction is extremely high.
Vagal and Sympathetic Innervation of the Stomach in the Skate
Authors: Babkin B. P. , Friedman M. H. F. , MacKay-Sawyer M. E.
Published: April 2011

The distribution of autonomic nerves to the gastro-intestinal tract in Raja diaphanes and R. stabuliforis is described and figured. Stimulation of the vagus or of the anterior splanchnic nerve produces movements of the stomach, much stronger for the latter nerve. Stimulation of first one nerve, then the other, results in a summation of the two effects. Stimulation (if weak) of a branch of the vagus produces local contraction only. Atropine stimulates stomach movements without interfering with the effects of nerve stimulation. Small doses of adrenaline in lateral vein produce movements in same order as after stimulation of the sympathetic (anterior splanchnic).
Mixing and Residual Currents in Tidal Waters as Illustrated in the Bay of Fundy
Authors: Watson E. E.
Published: April 2011

(1) The Saint John estuarial water flows out to sea as a strongly stratified layer, about 10 metres thick, retaining its lower boundary as far as Grand Manan island, a distance of 74 km. Persistence is due to the high density gradient combined with the low velocity gradient through the layer as it flows out over the deep homogeneous water. (2) The homogeneity produced in shoal water by tidal stirring excludes permanent residual currents if sufficient light water is available, the outward gravity force balancing the inward dynamic force of the peripheral current. (3) Where the waters of the bay shoal gradually the turbulent influence of bottom friction extends upward 20 to 50 metres, causing the isosteric surfaces to bend downward as they come within this distance from the bottom, but for a steep rise of the bottom the isosteres continue horizontally to meet it. (4) There are found in juxtaposition (a) stratified regions where tidal mixing causes an outflow of mixed water at an intermediate depth with an inflow both at surface and bottom, and (b) regions where a local supply of fresh water is mixed with salter water and flows away at the surface, with a compensating inflow at bottom only. (5) Calculation shows that of the total mixing in the bay of Fundy that is effective in producing a circulation, 3% occurs in the Saint John estuary, 6% in the Quoddy passages and 14% at the head of the bay.
Further contributions to Mating in the American Lobster
Authors: Templeman W.
Published: April 2011

The male in copulation places a 5th pereiopod crosswise of the body in front of the first abdominal appendages as a support for the latter.

Mating can occur at least as late as 12 days after the female moults. Only part of the sperm supply is used by the female in fertilizing one batch of eggs.
Physical and Chemical Studies in Lakes of the Prince Albert Park, Saskatchewan.
Authors: Rawson D. S.
Published: April 2011

The largest of these lakes has an area of 104 sq. km. (40 sq. mi.), the deepest has a maximum of 52 and a mean depth of 21 metres. The mean annual temperature is 0.0 °C. and the lakes are frozen over for six months of the year. Thermal stratification is found in six lakes each of which has a mean depth greater than 10 metres. In these lakes the thermal cycle includes the usual period of vernal circulation, summer stagnation lasting about one month and a long period of autumn circulation usually more than two months. Winter stagnation is present in an unknown degree. Two lakes with mean depths greater than 15 metres are clearly oligotrophic with no oxygen depletion at midsummer and four lakes with mean depths of from 10 to 15 metres are eutrophic and suffer from varying degrees of bottom stagnation and oxygen depletion at mid-summer. Four other lakes with mean depths of less than 10 metres are not thermally stratified and are therefore free from summer stagnation. A special examination of the near bottom layer in Waskesiu lake indicates a microstratification in the lower metre which at some seasons has a decline in oxygen equal to that in the thermocline. Brief discussions are included of the dissolved carbon dioxide, hydrogen ion concentration, mineral and organic constituents of the water.
A Study of the Endoparasitic Trematodes from Marine Fishes of Departure Bay, B.C.
Authors: McFarlane S. Hanford
Published: April 2011

In this paper fifteen species of endoparasitic trematodes of marine fishes of Departure bay, B.C., are described. Eight of the fifteen species described are new.

The fish examined were the more common shallow water fishes that could be obtained with a seine. The fishes belonged to the following families: Syngnathidae, Pleuronectidae, Scorpaenidae, Hexagrammidae, Ophiodontidae, Scorpaenichthyidae, Cottidae, Embiotocidae, and Pholidae.

The parasites recorded are Prosorhynchus scalpellus n.sp., Prosorhynchus apertus n.sp., Rhipidocotyle elongatum n.sp., Pharyngora bacillaris (Molin 1859), Podocotyle abitionis n.sp., Podocotyle atomon Odhner 1905, Podocotyle reflexa Odhner 1905, Aporocotyle simplex Odhner 1900, Stephanostomum casum (Linton 1910), Stephanostomum tristephanum n.sp., Deretrema cholaeum n.sp., Telolecithus pugetensis Lloyd and Guberlet 1932, Dinurus nanaimoensis n.sp., Lecithochirium exodicum n.sp., and Genolinea laticauda Manter 1925.
The Homing of Salmon in Apple River, N.S.
Authors: White H. C.
Published: April 2011

Salmon from the East branch marked as smolts in 1934 returned as grilse in the fall of 1935, entering only the East branch up to spawning time. After October 22 more entered the West than the East branch. Female salmon tagged as adults gave evidence of remaining each in a particular "home" pool. After spawning some females dropped down to tidal pools in early November and later reascended the stream. Male salmon tagged as adults left their "home" pools, roaming up and down and even going through tidal water to the other branch; yet males came back the second year to the same pool in which they were taken (in one case repeatedly) in the first year.
The Nutritive Value of Marine Products: IX. Proximate Analysis of British Columbia Canned Pilchard
Authors: White F. D.
Published: April 2011

Proximate analyses of samples of canned pilchard from fish caught early and late in the season in one vicinity on the west coast of Vancouver island are tabulated. The average calorific value per pound of content was 747 and 1074 Calories, respectively. The percentage of fat (18.5) in the late-caught fish was almost twice as great as that in the early-caught fish. Separate proximate analyses of the flesh, skin, and bone disclosed significant changes in the percentages of fat, protein, and minerals in these components between the beginning and end of the season.
The Nutritive Value of Marine Products: X. Proximate Analysis of Ling Cod
Authors: White F. D.
Published: April 2011

Separate proximate analyses of the flesh and skin of three freshly-caught ling cod (Ophiodon elongatus) from the east coast of Vancouver island are reported. Average percentages of protein in the flesh and skin were 18.1 and 26.9 (moist) or 87.0 and 88.5 (dry); ash, 1.2 and 2.5 (moist); fat, negligible; Calories per 100 g. (moist), 81 and 117.
The Nutritive Value of Marine Products: XI. Proximate Analysis of Canned British Columbia Coho (Blueback) Salmon
Authors: Riddell W. A.
Published: April 2011

Samples of canned coho (blueback) salmon (Oncorhynchiis kisutch), from fish caught each month of the fishing season (May-September) in a limited area on the coast of British Columbia, were subjected to analysis from which nutritive values were determined by the calculation of calorific values. The average percentages of constituents in composite samples of the entire contents were: water, 72.8; fat, 4.50; protein, 19.9; sodium chloride-free ash, 1.37; sodium chloride, 1.13; calorific value per pound of contents, 562. Percentages of fat, protein, sodium chloride-free minerals, and consequently the food value, reached a maximum in cans containing fish caught in mid-July.
The Nutritive Value of Marine Products: XIV. Proximate Analyses of Fresh British Columbia Oysters
Authors: Tully John P.
Published: April 2011

Proximate analyses were made at bi-monthly intervals during 1933–34 on samples of Ostrea lurida, O. virginica, and O. gigas grown under identical conditions in the strait of Georgia. The proportions of glycogen and protein are shown to be approximately reciprocal and the greatest variation to occur during the summer. The energy content varies slightly, attaining a maximum in late fall and early winter, O. gigas having the highest and O. lurida the lowest values.
Studies on Salt Fish.: 1. Bacteria Associated with the Reddening of Salt Fish
Authors: Gibbons N. E.
Published: April 2011

A study has been made of thirty strains of red halophilic organisms from reddened fish, salt and the timbers of salt fish plants. Eleven were cocci and belong to the species Sarcina litoralis and Sarcina sp. of Lochhead. The rod forms are of five types. Three resemble Bact. trapanicum Petter, Serratia salinaria and Serratia cutirubra Lochhead. The others do not resemble any of the described species. Of thirty samples of salt, reddening organisms were found in twenty, seven of which were mined or evaporated salts.
Biological and Oceanographic Conditions in Hudson Bay: 11. Echinoderms of Hudson Bay
Authors: Clark Austin H.
Published: April 2011

For an arctic area Hudson bay appears to have an unusually meagre representation of echinoderms, both species and individuals being few in numbers. The echinoderm fauna includes 29 species, all high arctic forms none of which are peculiar to or especially characteristic of the region. The largest number of species is known from the southeastern portion; but here the greatest amount of collecting has been done. The relative richness of the several sections of the bay would appear to be, the west (richest), southeast, central, northwest, northeast and southwest (poorest).
Studies on Salt Fish: II. The Effect of Salt Concentration on Preservation
Authors: Labrie A. , Gibbons N. E.
Published: April 2011

The preserving action of salt, as determined chemically and bacteriologically, increases with increasing salt concentration (8 to 32%) and decreasing temperature (21 to 10 °C). It shows in a lengthening of the period of lag before rapid increase in volatile bases. The increase begins when the bacterial count reaches 10–20 million per ml. on 10 per cent salt agar, and its rate is not influenced by salt concentration. The hypothesis is advanced that the trimethylamine oxide present in the fish is reduced very rapidly to trimethylamine when the reduction potential reaches a definite point.
The Feeding of Kingfishers: Food of Nestlings and Effect of Water Height
Authors: White H. C.
Published: April 2011

Nestlings on the Margaree river, Nova Scotia, are fed young salmon and trout only, whose average size increases with that of the bird, indicating selection by the parents. The proportion of trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) to young salmon (Salmo salar) in the food of the adults varies directly with the height of the water.
Paphia bifurcata, a new molluscan species from Ladysmith Harbour, B.C.
Authors: Quayle Daniel B.
Published: April 2011

Paphia bifurcata: a new molluscan species from Ladysmith harbour, B.C. Distinguishing characters chiefly: shell shape; relatively shallow, rounded pallial sinus; and siphons separated at tips.
Sea Movements of Canadian Atlantic Salmon Kelts
Authors: Huntsman A. G.
Published: April 2011

Salmon related to various rivers of eastern Canada were tagged and liberated after spawning, by the Department of Fisheries in various years from 1913 to 1936. Analysis of the recaptures shows varied movements, the differences from river to river and for the one river from year to year being seen as due to differences in the environment. When liberated in or even outside the estuary, they may enter and ascend the river while still in the kelt condition, if suitable freshets occur.As kelts and as clean fish in both first and second years after liberation, they are principally found in the estuary, distinctly more riverward than the virgin fish. However, when swept out of the estuary, as occurs in a river like the Margaree and, if return is difficult, their distribution will differ but little from that of the virgin fish.A pronounced zone of river influence in the sea is seen as holding the salmon to the locality near the river mouth, as for the Saint John river of New Brunswick. With an indistinct zone, more or less of the salmon wander to other regions, largely in correspondence with water movements.The length of time between successive spawnings is found to correspond with the time between the smolt stage and first spawning and to be related to sea temperature during the spring and summer.
An Investigation of the Relative Efficiencies of Natural and Artificial Propagation of Sockeye Salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) at Cultus Lake, British Columbia
Authors: Foerster R. E.
Published: April 2011

From three tests each of natural propagation and of artificial propagation involving liberation of free-swimming fry and two tests of artificial propagation involving planting of eyed eggs, it was found that no statistically significant difference occurred between the three methods. Computing the percentage efficiency as the number of seaward migrants produced from the total eggs handled, natural propagation varied from 1.05% to 3.23%—an average of 1.80%; fry liberation from 2.42% to 4.54%—an average of 3.24%; and egg planting from 1.45% to 4.71%—an average of 3.08%. Losses occurring during the five years' stripping and hatchery operations were recorded and, based on total eggs, the hatchery product available for distribution represented from 61.0% to 86.0% for egg planting and from 63.4% to 78.5% for fry liberation. There occurred a lake mortality of approximately 96% of the number of fry liberated. The conclusion was reached that in an area such as Cultus lake, where a natural run of sockeye occurred with a reasonable expectancy of successful spawning, artificial propagation, as commonly practised, provided no advantage over natural spawning, as a means of maintaining the run.
The Measurement of Firmness of Canned Salmon and other Semi-Rigid Bodies by the Dynamic Penetrometer Method: I. Experiments with a Multiple-Needle Penetrometer
Authors: Charnley F. , Bolton R. S.
Published: April 2011

A multiple-needle penetrometer of the dynamic type is described. The results of experiments on canned salmon and a commercial shortening with a 12-needle penetration element show that single readings of depth of penetration can be obtained rapidly and are reasonably reliable in that for canned salmon the probable error of a single reading for an average depth of penetration of 10 mm. is of the order of 0.7 mm., while for a commercial shortening the corresponding probable error was only about one-half this value. Experimental evidence together with theoretical considerations, however, indicate that depth of penetration is not a valid measure of softness of canned salmon in the sense that the units of softness at different points along the scale are not equivalent.
Studies of Fish Spoilage: III. The Trimethylamine Oxide Content of the Muscles of Nova Scotia Fish
Authors: Beatty S. A.
Published: April 2011

Trimethylamine oxide was found in the muscle press juice of all salt water fish examined and in the anadromous fish Pomolobus pseudoharengus taken from the sea. Traces were found in Anguilla taken from salt water, but none in Anguilla from fresh water.
Effectiveness of Benzoic Acid Ice for Fish Preservation
Authors: Tarr H. L. A. , Bailey B. E.
Published: April 2011

Only a very slight improvement in keeping quality of dressed halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) and black cod (Anoplopoma fimbria), as evidenced by differences in viable bacterial population and trimethylamine content of excised muscle, results when the fish are stored in crushed tap water ice containing 0.1 per cent benzoic acid instead of in similar ice without this compound. The methods employed for a relatively simple determination of both viable bacterial population and trimethylamine content of the same sample of muscle are described, and the limitations of these as criteria of the relative age of dressed fish stowed in crushed ice are discussed. The "tyrosine" reaction failed to show greater effectiveness for benzoic acid ice; the values increased during storage, but were too irregular to serve as a safe criterion of spoilage.
An Addition Compound of Histidine
Authors: Johnston W. W. , Johnston M. L.
Published: April 2011

A compound formed from muscle extracts of mackerel and tuna has been isolated and identified. Experiments showed that it crystallizes readily from water and alcohol, and analysis identified it as an addition compound of barium nitrate with histidine, two molecular weights of the latter uniting with one of the former.
Vitamin A and D Potencies of Liver and Intestinal Oils of Gray Cod (Gadus macrocephalus)
Authors: Pugsley L. I.
Published: April 2011

During the fall and winter there was a higher percentage of liver and of oil and less of vitamins A and D. Vitamins A and D and the unsaponifiable matter of the liver oil were higher than usual for Gadids. The intestines yielded less oil and vitamins than the liver, and the oil was relatively high in vitamin A, but low in vitamin D.
Studies of Fish Spoilage: VII. Dimethylamine Production in the Spoilage of Cod Muscle Press Juice
Authors: Beatty S. A. , Collins V. K.
Published: April 2011

Although as yet the precursor is unknown, the mechanism of dimethylamine production in spoiling cod muscle press juice appears to be similar to that of trimethylamine production.
Relation of "Catch per Unit Effort" to Abundance and Rate of Exploitation
Authors: Ricker W. E.
Published: April 2011

Two extreme types of fisheries are set up for analysis. In type I natural mortality and recruitment are negligible while fishing is in progress; in type II natural mortality, recruitment and fishing mortality all occur throughout the year at a uniform rate. With either type, the catch per unit effort is proportional to the average population on hand while fishing is in progress. This statistic is less useful than it may appear, because, in cases of type I, recruitment occurs between the fishing seasons, and in cases of type II, the slow process of removal (or replacement) of accumulated stock following a change in fishing effort makes it difficult to determine the significance of any change in catch per unit effort.A more useful statistic is the rate of exploitation (a fish's annual expectation of death by capture). A theoretical relationship between rate of exploitation and gear in use is here developed for type I fisheries, and is shown to apply fairly well to many cases of type II—so that if rate of exploitation for one year be determined, that for other years can be calculated. For certain special cases of type I fisheries, several methods are proposed by which rate of exploitation might be estimated from ordinary statistics of catch and effort. For other cases of type I, and all cases of type II, an application of Petersen's tagging technique, or data from other outside sources, appear almost essential to determination of the rate of exploitation.
Embryonic Developmental Rates and Egg-Laying of Canadian Lobsters
Authors: Templeman W.
Published: April 2011

The comparative times required for similar lobster eggs already slightly developed, to reach the 16-cell stage, at 18.5, 14.4, 12.3, 10.5, 9.9, and 4.7 °C. are 2, 3, 3.6, 4.8, 5.6 and 25 days respectively.Egg-laying is almost a month later at Grand Manan than in the warmer southern gulf of St. Lawrence areas. Egg-laying in the southern part of the gulf of St. Lawrence takes place in two bursts, the first being egg-laying by old-shelled lobsters usually occurring in the latter half of June and in July, and the second, egg-laying by new-shelled lobsters occurring mainly in August in the warmest areas.Female lobsters rarely lay eggs before becoming hard-shelled. Development of the lobster egg usually requires 11½ to 12 months in Canadian waters.
Temperatures and Salinities under the Ice in a Shallow Inlet
Authors: Needler A. W. H.
Published: April 2011

In Bideford "river", an arm of Malpeque bay, soon after ice forms a thin layer of water of very low salinity develops with a minimum temperature above the freezing point of the salter water below. Convectional mixing of surface and bottom waters is largely prevented. The temperature of the latter seldom approaches its freezing point closely and rises during the winter to approach that of the water in contact with the ice.
Studies on Salt Fish.: VI. Halophilic Brown Molds of the Genus Sporendonema emend. Ciferri et Redaelli
Authors: Frank M. , Hess E.
Published: April 2011

Twenty-six cultures of brown halophilic molds from undried and dried salt fish, air and salt were compared for halophilism, temperature and pH limits for growth and ability to utilize gelatin and sugars. Nineteen cultures, including all salt fish isolations, are Sporendonema epizoum (Corda) Ciferri et Redaelli. They are true halophiles, show no growth at 37 °C., no gelatin liquefaction; spores medium to dark brown, large. Other strains, resembling Torula minuta Høye, are facultatively halophilic, grow at 37 °C., liquefy gelatin; spores light brown, small.
The Effect of reduction of Predaceous Fish on survival of young Sockeye Salmon at Cultus Lake
Authors: Foerster R. E. , Ricker W. E.
Published: April 2011

By persistent gill-netting in Cultus lake, British Columbia, the predaceous fish which feed on young sockeye (Oncorhynchus nerka) have been considerably, though unevenly, reduced in numbers. The populations of squawfish and char, of lengths greater than 200 millimetres, were reduced in three years to about 1/10 of their original numbers. The abundance of trout and coho salmon have been much less affected by netting, if at all, though a considerable number have been killed. From the first year of control operations the survival rate of young sockeye salmon was considerably increased. In the three years which have been tested, the mean survival rate has been increased three and a third times over average conditions prior to control. In absolute figures, this represents 3,800,000 migrants saved, which are expected to yield 380,000 adult sockeye. Even disregarding the important cumulative future increase, the immediate return from the work is a quantity of sockeye whose value is many times greater than the cost of control work.
Variation of Vertebral Centra in Young Pacific Herring (Clupea pallasii)
Authors: McHugh J. L.
Published: April 2011

Structural variations in vertebral centra of young Pacific herring are described and classified. Evidence that "abnormal" centra are the result of fusion is brought forward, and the numerical value of complex segments is discussed. It is shown that populations may differ by the frequency with which vertebral irregularities appear, and that such differences may be associated with environmental factors. Fused centra tend to occur most frequently in the region of the twentieth vertebra, and this appears to be associated with differential growth in the vertebral column.
Effect of Light on Copepods as Food for Passamaquoddy Herring
Authors: Johnson W. H.
Published: April 2011

The copepods Eurytemora herdmani, Tortanus discaudatus, Pseudocalanus minutus and Calanus finmarchicus are stimulated to move upward by the decreasing light from the setting sun while they migrate downward by the increasing light from the rising sun. These responses to light govern, in part, their availability as food for the herring.
Studies on Salt Fish: VII. Red Halophilic Bacteria in Seawater and Fish Slime and Intestines
Authors: Hess Ernest
Published: April 2011

Twenty-four samples of seawater, fish slime and intestinal contents, taken off Halifax harbour, yielded two red halophilic sarcina strains from codfish slime.
New Records of Pycnogonida from the Canadian Atlantic Coast
Authors: Giltay Louis
Published: April 2011

Nymphon glaciale, N. serratum, Pallenopsis longirostris and Ammothea scabra are recorded for the first time from the Canadian Atlantic coast.