bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Напрями удосконалення технології поточного управління у футболі
Authors: Лісенчук Геннадій , Тищенко Валерiя , Ван Лейбо , Шеховцова Катерина
Published: April 2021

Анотація. У статті подано аналіз та узагальнення закономірностей протікання відновних процесів після календарної гри у футболістів, які виконують функцію нападаючих. Мета. Визначити особливості протікання відновних процесів в організмі футболістів у постзмагальних мікроциклах, та на основі цього визначити доцільність використання контрольних показників в умовах поточного контролю. Методи. Теоретичний аналіз і узагальнення даних спеціальної літератури, протоколів і відеозаписів, методи математичної статистики. Результати. Програма тестування складалася з двох блоків показників швидкісних і швидкісно-силових компонентів рухової функції 21 футболіста високої кваліфікації та проводилася відразу після гри, через 24, 48 і 72 год. До першого блоку тестів було включено біг на 20 м, 30 м з ходу; показники різниці часу в бігу на 20 м і 30 м з ходу. До другого блоку – п’ятиразовий стрибок у довжину з місця; стрибок угору з місця з помахом рук; динамометрія м’язів-розгиначів ніг у статичному і динамічному режимах. У цих тестах розраховували відносні показники сили. Засвідчено специфічні особливості поточного управління у зв’язку з урахуванням особливостей реакцій організму спортсменів на змагальні навантаження. У постзмагальних мікроциклах у нападаючих відмічається істотне зниження спеціальної роботоздатності за переважної більшості досліджуваних показників. Дані, отримані на основі теоретичних знань і підкріплені практичними показниками за результатами вивчення реакції організму футболістів, що характеризують швидкісні і швидкісно-силові компоненти моторики, дозволили визначити особливості протікання відновних процесів в організмі футболістів після календарної гри, які можна використовувати під час планування й управління навчально-тренувальним процесом.
Ключові слова: футбол, нападаючі, швидкісні показники, швидкісно-силові показники,постзмагальні мікроцикли.
Оцінка результативності програми занять на основі використання засобів активного туризму у підвищенні показників фізичного стану старшокласників
Authors: Блистів Тарас , Пацалюк Костянтин , Благій Владислав
Published: April 2021

Анотація. В статті подано результати дослідження результативності програми занять активним туризмом для підвищення показників фізичного стану старшокласників. Мета. Визначити вплив програми занять на основі використання засобів активного туризму на показники фізичного стану старшокласників. Методи. Теоретичні, антропометричні, психодіагностичні, педагогічні (педагогічний експеримент, педагогічне тестування), фізіологічні, методи математичної статистики. Результати. Вирішення поставлених експериментальних завдань здійснювали на базі Львівського обласного центру краєзнавства, екскурсій і туризму учнівської молоді. У педагогічному експерименті взяли участь 51 школяр, з них 27 осіб 15 років та 24 особи 16 років. Тривалість педагогічного експерименту – один навчальний рік (10 місяців). У хлопців і дівчат 15–16 років відбулись позитивні зміни функціонального стану кардіореспіраторної системи, підвищився рівень фізичної роботоздатності та соматичного здоров’я. Під впливом занять з використанням засобів активного туризму достовірно покращились ЧСС у стані спокою, ЖЄЛ, проби Штанге і Генчі, життєвий індекс, індекси Робінсона та Руф’є. У хлопців когнітивні функції покращилися на 6,9 бала, у дівчат на 8,3 бала, що відповідає рівню, вищому за середній. Інтегральний показник емоційного стану після завершення педагогічного експерименту у хлопців 16 років становить 8,9 бала, у дівчат відповідно 8,8 бала і вказує на дуже добрий стан. Аналогічні тенденції спостерігалися у школярів п’ятнадцятирічного віку. Наприкінці педагогічного експерименту у них спостерігається позитивна динаміка у результатах контрольних вправ, що характеризують такі рухові якості, як швидкість, спритність, швидкісно-силові якості та витривалість. Розроблена програма оздоровчо-рекреаційних занять на основі використання засобів активного туризму продемонструвала позитивний вплив на більшість показників фізичного стану школярів 15–16 років. Це підтверджує адекватність підібраних засобів і методів можливостям даної вікової групи і їх ефективність.

Ключові слова: активний туризм, фізичний стан, старшокласники, програма, ефективність.
Систематичний огляд досліджень біомеханіки малазійської стрільби з лука
Authors: Джіун Сьєн Лау , Гхафар Росніваті , Зурайді Зулкіфлі Ері , Ануар Хашім Хайрул , Красільщіков Олександр
Published: April 2021

Анотація. Через біомеханічні дослідження, науковці можуть встановлювати параметри, важливі для стрільби з лука. З цього вони можуть зрозуміти зв’язки певних параметрів з досягненнями у цьому виді спорту. Стаття має за мету забезпечити систематичний огляд літератури з біомеханічних аспектів стрільби з лука, зокрема у Малайзії. Численні бази даних було вивчено на наявність статей, пов’язаних з біомеханічними аспектами стрільби з лука; однак тільки роботи з кількісним аналізом було вивчено більш детально. Широкомасштабний та екстенсивний пошук виявив 38 публікацій, з яких 33 було вивчено після видалення повторюваних. З них 20 було визнано такими, що відповідали критеріям відбору для цього огляду. Після того як відібрані публікації було досконало вивчено з точки зору їх прийнятності, тільки 10 – включено та проаналізовано. Тематичний підхід було використано для класифікації усіх статей. Найбільш поширенними параметрами, що вивчалися у відібраних публікаціях, були рівень м’язової активації, лінія сили натягу, постуральне хитання та баланс. Встановлено, що рівень м’язової активації, постуральний баланс, рухи рук, лінія сили натягу, концентрація прицілювання, техніка стрільби та швидкість стріли відіграють важливу роль у передбаченні високих результатів. Дослідження підтвердили, що лучники, які краще контролюють постуральне хитання, особливо у фазі випуску стріли, здатні підвищити свою результативність. Враховуючи ці показники, тренери та лучники можуть виявити сильні та слабкі сторони. Усю інформацію отримано у ході дослідження, вона є важливою для підвищення майстерності лучників. Інформація може бути використана для допомоги тренерам та лучникам у корекціі техніки та розробки тренувальних програм. Таким чином, дослідники мають віднаходити більше інформаціі з біомеханіки стрільби з лука заради покращення результатів у цьому виді спорту.

Ключові слова: стрільба з лука, біомеханіка, Малайзія, спортивні досягнення.
A New Imaging Workup of The Male Breast: Single-View Mammography and Ultrasonography
Authors: Sezgin Gulten , Yilmaz Yeliz , Apaydin Melda , Varer Makbule , Yigit Seyran
Published: April 2021

Background: There is no generally accepted standard radiological approach to male breast diseases. Ultrasonography and mammography are the most preferred methods for imaging. The purpose of this study is to investigate the diagnostic performances of only single-view (mediolateral oblique) mammography and routine two-view mammography in the male breast diseases and also to evaluate the contribution of ultrasonography to the diagnosis and the management of the disease.Methods: Three hundred-twenty male patients’ breast imaging findings were evaluated retrospectively. Only mediolateral oblique and routine two-view mammograms were re-evaluated four months apart by two breast radiologists. The kappa value was calculated to measure consistency between two groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and detection accuracy of malignancy were calculated for both mammographic examinations and ultrasonography.Results: The accuracy of detection of malignant breast masses according to mediolateral oblique and two-view mammograms, and ultrasonography were 96.3 %, 97.5 %, and 99.5 %, respectively. Consistency between single-view and two-view mammograms was excellent (? = 0.967) and statistically significant (p=0.000). Two-view mammograms did not make any contribution to single-view mammograms.Conclusion: Only mediolateral oblique mammogram is sufficient in terms of characterization, spread and localization of the lesion, as long as mastectomy is preferred and the findings are supported by ultrasonography. Since there is no diagnostic performance difference, only mediolateral oblique view would protect from the potential adverse effects of extra radiation exposure and this is an important advantage.
La coordinación en el despacho de mercancías del puerto de Manzanillo, México: una propuesta de cambio en la estructura organizacional de los actores portuarios
Authors:   Universidad de Colima, Gutiérrez Ortiz Ariel , Reyes Real Oscar Bernardo ,   Universidad de Colima, Breton Monroy Mauricio ,   Universidad Tecnológica de Manzanillo
Published: April 2021

Ante la intensidad en la dinámica del flujo de mercancías, surge un desajuste importante en la relación entre actores portuarios. Dichas organizaciones les caracteriza cierto nivel de complejidad relacionada con la jerarquía y la división del trabajo. Por tal motivo, la interacción entre actores es desarticulada y esto impacta en la eficiencia del despacho. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar qué elementos organizacionales influyen en la capacidad de coordinación entre los actores que participan en el despacho de mercancías del puerto de Manzanillo, México. Se realizó una investigación cuantitativa de tipo descriptiva, transversal para recolectar datos sobre las variables para identificar aquellos elementos organizacionales que influyen en la eficiencia del sistema de operación portuaria. Se concluye que tales elementos son; la estructura organizacional, el trabajo en equipo y la comunicación.
Synthesis and Photochromic Properties of a Novel Chromene Derivative
Authors:   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Perevozchikova P. S. ,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, Moscow, 125047 Russia, Aliev T. M. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Nikitina P. A. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia,   Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya pl. 9, Moscow, 125047 Russia, Shepel N. E. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
Published: April 2021

A convenient synthetic approach to a novel 2,2-diphenyl-2H-chromene derivative is developed starting from vanillin or acetovanillone. The photochromic properties of the resulting chromene are studied. The kinetic characteristics of this compound show its potential for the design of new efficient DNA intercalators.
Kinetic Modeling of the Formation of Peptide Nanoparticles by Tryptic Hydrolysis of Β-Casein
Authors:   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia, Golovanov A. V. , Vorob'ev M. M. ,   Nesmeyanov Institute of Organoelement Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Vavilova 28, Moscow, 119991 Russia
Published: April 2021

Peptide nanoparticles obtained by the enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins are new biocompatible nontoxic systems for the transport of biologically active compounds. The formation of peptide nanoparticles from -casein during its controlled hydrolysis by trypsin was modeled by the methods of chemical kinetics. The product of the time of nanoparticle formation (tmax) by the enzyme concentration (E0) was analyzed in different kinetic models. The dependence of tmax∙E0 on the enzyme concentration was used to estimate the contribution of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic stages to the formation of nanoparticles.
Birinci Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Okul Olgunluğu ile İlgili Yapılan Tezlerin İncelenmesi
Authors: ÖZGÜN Burcu , CEYLAN Salih
Published: April 2021

İlkokul birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin okul olgunluğu ile ilgili yapılan lisansüstü tezleri incelenmeyi amaçlayan bu çalışma kapsamında 45 yüksek lisans ve 6 doktora tezi incelenmiş olup verilerin toplanmasında doküman incelemesi, analizinde ise içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. İncelenen çalışmalar yayımlandığı yıla, lisansüstü düzeye, kullanılan araştırma yöntemi ve modeline, çalışma grubuna, verilerin toplanmasında kullanılan veri toplama araçlarına ve konularına göre incelenmiş, bulgular frekans ve yüzde dağılımları verilerek sunulmuştur. Yapılan araştırma neticesinde birinci sınıf öğrencilerinin okul olgunluğu ile ilgili lisansüstü tezlerin çoğunlukla yüksek lisans düzeyinde yapıldığı görülmüştür. Çalışmalarda daha çok nicel araştırma yönteminin ve tarama modelinin kullanıldığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma gruplarının daha çok öğrenci ve öğretmenlerden oluştuğu görülmüştür. İncelenen tezlerde en sık kullanılan veri toplama aracının ise anket olduğu belirlenmiştir. İncelenen çalışmalar konularına göre dokuz kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Okul olgunluğu ile ilgili yapılan tezlerde en çok çalışılan konu “okul öncesi eğitim” olmuştur.
Scientific substantiation on land reclamation in the cryolithozone of Yakutia in the context of climate change
Authors: LOSKIN M
Published: April 2021

The review presents data from studies on climate change in the Arctic and subarctic regions of Russia It is showed, that climate changes unevenly within different regions and seasons. In Yakutia there is a tendency of more frequent events, such as: unexpected spring floods, summer-autumn rain floods, heavy precipitation in winter and other phenomena resulted in hydrodynamic accidents at low-pressure water management structures as well as water supply decrease for reclamation purposes. Takin into account the results of the analysis, it can be assumed that the adaptive technologies application under conditions of climate change in order to increase water availability in the rural areas of both Yakutia and Subarctic zones is a fundamental direction of scientific research in the field of land melioration in the cryolithozone of Yakutia in the context of climate change, which requires research updating to improve methods, new technical, constructive and technological solutions in hydraulic amelioration.
TENIOSES IN THE KYRGYZ REPUBLIC
Authors:   Department of Disease Prevention and Sanitary Epidemiological Supervision of the Ministry of Health of the Kyrgyz Republic, Usubalieva J.M. , Raimkulov K.M. ,   I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Isakova Zh.T. ,   I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic, Toigombaeva V.S. ,   I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyz Republic
Published: April 2021

The article presents data on the invasion of the population, cattle and pigs by teniids in the Kyrgyz Republic. When examining different groups of the population, taking into account their profession, it was found that the prevalence of taeniarhynchiasis in the surveyed was 0.22% and with taeniasis – 0,04%, and the percentage of infection in Taeniarhynchus saginatus of the surveyed corpse of cattle reached 6.1%. Key words: teniasis, teniarinchiasis, invasion, population morbidity, organ damage, cattle, man, pig
Economics and Politics of the Great Change: Mikhail Gorbachev versus Deng Xiaoping
Authors: Kołodko Grzegorz W.
Published: April 2021

In the history of mankind, there has never been a case where, in a brief episode of the life of one generation, mutual economic relations have changed on such a large scale for so many people as they did in China and Russia in 1989-2020. Both countries are undergoing profound structural and institutional changes, but while the former recorded impressive results in terms of developing and catching up with advanced economies, the latter’s achievements have been very modest. This happened due to many factors – from the traditional cultural heritage to geopolitical conditions, from the legacy from the previous state socialism to different natural resources bases – however, the nature and duration of the political leadership of Deng Xiaoping in China and Mikhail Gorbachev in Russia were of fundamental importance. Without taking into account the influence of the thoughts and actions of these two statesmen, it is impossible to understand the essence of tectonic changes that have occurred in the world economy recently.
Pieniądz jako miara czasu
Authors: Pecura Paweł
Published: April 2021

Na przestrzeni lat badacze zastanawiają się nad rolą czasu w życiu człowieka. Również ekonomia postrzega go jako wyjątkowy i ograniczony zasób. Pieniądz z kolei jest definiowany jako narzędzie ułatwiające transakcje. Niniejsza praca jest próbą uzupełnienia myśli ekonomicznej w zakresie porównania czasu i pieniądza. Poprzez analizę literatury w kontekście zdefiniowania pojęcia pieniądza oraz analizę własną pluralistycznych rodzajów transakcji, przeprowadzone zostało wnioskowanie dedukcyjne. Celem pracy jest próba udowodnienia tego, że przedmiotem wymiany ekonomicznej dokonywanej za pośrednictwem pieniądza jest życie ludzkie w postaci czasu zaangażowanego do uzyskania wymienialnego dobra. Na podstawie tak przeprowadzonego rozważania logicznego zostało wskazane, że czas jest pojęciem o wiele szerszym niż pieniądz, ale to właśnie czas jest walutą w transakcjach.
Analysis of changes in the retirement insurance system in Poland in 2002-2018
Authors: Stęplewska Kinga
Published: April 2021

The year 1999 marked the beginning of reforms in social insurance in Poland. Changes which were implemented then regarded mainly retirement insurance. Until the reform was introduced, the retirement insurance had operated under a pay-as-you-go system. However, political changes in Poland, as well as adverse demographic trends, led to ineffective functioning of the existing system of financing liabilities arising from retirement insurance. It was necessary to introduce changes that, above all, would allow for maintaining an appropriate level of retirement pension. The following article concentrates on one selected aspect of this insurance - Open Pension Funds (in Polish: Otwarte Fundusze Emerytalne; OFEs) and presents major changes occurring in 2002-2018, their reasons and effects. The analysis is mainly based on data from the Financial Supervision Authority and the Social Insurance Institution.
Koncepcja koprodukcji wiedzy a tworzenie polityki oparte na dowodach. Analiza literatury przedmiotu
Authors: Gędek Wojciech
Published: April 2021

W ostatnich latach pojęcie koprodukcji wiedzy zyskuje na znaczeniu. Wyrażenie to pozostaje jednak niejasne, podobnie jak jego związek z nurtem tworzenia polityki publicznej opartego na dowodach naukowych (evidence-based policy). Niniejszy artykuł, mający charakter przeglądowy, ma na celu przedstawienie, w jaki sposób, w wybranych publikacjach ważnych z punktu widzenia debaty naukowej na ten temat, rozumiana jest koprodukcja wiedzy. W tym - jak przedstawiane są role podmiotów uczestniczących w procesie koprodukcji wiedzy, a także jak kształtuje się związek między koprodukcją wiedzy a evidence-based policy. Analiza literatury umożliwia m.in. stwierdzenie, że koprodukcja wiedzy traktowana jest przez jej badaczy zarówno jako partycypacyjne podejście metodologiczne, jak i rozwiązanie instytucjonalne służące lepszej implementacji polityki.
Sonographic Lower Uterine Segment Thickness to Predict Cesarean Scar Defect in Pregnant Women
Authors: Pahirah Nichapat , Laosooksathit Wipada , Kongsomboon Kittipong , Kitporntheranunt Maethaphan
Published: April 2021

Objective: To study the validity of sonographic lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness in predicting intraoperative cesarean scar defect (CSD) and thin incision sites in term pregnancy. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving 111 full-term pregnant women who were scheduled for repeat cesarean delivery from April, 2019 to January, 2020. The sonographic myometrial LUS thickness was measured prior to surgery. The cesarean scar was assessed using the morphologic classification system as either grade 1 (a normally formed LUS), grade 2 (a thin LUS, but without visible content), or grade 3 (a thin LUS with visible content). Then, the ophthalmic caliper was used to measure the incision site’s uterine-wall thickness. The correlations between the sonographic measurements and intraoperative findings were reported. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) were calculated.Results: There were two cases (1.8%) of grade 3 CSD. The overall correlation between the sonographic and intraoperative incision-site thickness showed r=0.559 with p-value < 0.001. The sonographic cut-off value of 1.5 mm could predict CSD and a thin incision-site uterine wall with sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV of 50.0%, 90.8%, 9.1%, 99.0%, and 37.5%, 94.6%, 54.5%, 90.0%, respectively. A receiver operating characteristic curve was generated to determine the optimum cut-off value at 2.5 mm with a sensitivity of 76.5% and a specificity of 73.3%. The area under the curve was 0.8 (a 95% confidence interval, 0.718-0.885).Conclusion: Abdominal sonography is a valuable tool for the preoperative prediction of CSD. A myometrial LUS thickness of more than 1.5 mm is associated with a lower likelihood of cesarean scar dehiscence.
IMPLEMENTASI TEKNOLOGI RFID SEBAGAI SISTEM KEAMANAN SEPEDA MOTOR BERBASIS MIKROKONTROLER ATMEGA 328
Authors: Afandi Adi Mas
Published: April 2021

Abstrack: Motorcycle is one of the transportation tools that are widely used by the people. The community uses motorbikes as a means of daily transportation, whether it's for work, shopping or taking children to school. On the other hand, of course, theft of motor vehicles, especially motorbikes is increasing. Almost every day motorcycle theft occurs. From these problems, a double security system on a motorcycle is needed. The security system using RFID technology can only be accessed using one e-ID card. RFID technology installed on a motorcycle to provide additional security to avoid theft. Keywords: e-KTP; Motorcycle; RFID; Security System  Abstrak: Sepeda motor adalah suatu alat transportasi yang sering digunakan oleh masyarakat. Masyarakat menggunakan sepeda motor sebagai alat trasportasi sehari-hari, baik itu untuk bekerja, berbelanja maupun mengantar anak kesekolah. Pada sisi lain, tentunya pencurian kendaraan bermotor, khususnya sepeda motor semakin banyak. Hampir setiap harinya pencurian sepeda motor terjadi. Dari permasalahan tersebut, dibutuhkan sistem keamanan ganda pada sepeda motor. Sistem keamanan dengan menggunakan teknologi RFID hanya bisa diakses menggunakan satu buah e-ktp. Teknologi RFID yang dipasang pada sepeda motor guna memberikan kemanan tambahan agar terhindar dari pencurian. Kata kunci : e-KTP; RFID; Sepeda motor; Sistem Keamanan
APPENDECTOMY IN THE TIMES OF COVID-19: COMPARATIVE STUDY OF TWO GROUPS OF PATIENTS BETWEEN SIMILAR PERIODS OF TIME - 2019 VS 2020
Authors: Ungureanu C. , Mirică R. , Iosifescu R. , Zamfir M. , Mardare M. , Iordache N. , Ginghină O.
Published: April 2021

Acute pathology of the cecal appendix - appendicitis, is a condition that does not take into account the pandemic period. The aim of this study is to retrospectively analyze the relationship of care for two groups of patients who underwent appendectomy in COVID-19 period and one year before, same period of time, in emergency hospital service. We performed a retrospective analysis on the patients admitted in our surgery center by comparing two groups for each period analysed: group A, for the period March-May 2019 and group B for the period March-May 2020 (corresponding to COVID-19 pandemic). We compared the groups analysing features that prove the change in age, incidence, grade (severity) of appendicitis, delay of surgery, length of surgery, postoperative complications and hospitalization time. CT scan was made for each patient. In the group B, PCR COVID-19 testing was made (all patients were negative for COVID-19). Our study consisted of 52 patients, group A-32 patients (61.53%) and group B-22 patients (38.47%). The Covid-19 pandemic influenced the incidence of appendicitis and we noted a delayed presentation which led to more complicated appendicitis than same period of the previous year. The impact also was noted on length of surgery, due to use of PPE (personal protective equipment) and also modified anatomy of the region related to inflammation. The severity of appendicitis was higher in the COVID-19 period when compared to 2019 similar period of time. Further research is required to draw more conclusions on this period.
LANGUAGE OF INFORMALITY WITHIN ELT CONTEXT
Authors: Jumanto Jumanto
Published: April 2021

This research paper explores aspects of informality in the English language, the target hearers referred to by the aspects, and the functions the aspects convey in verbal interactions or communication, and its contribution to English Language Teaching (ELT) in the world. The research data are retrieved, obtained, and verified from informal-English-affiliated URLs or Websites, i.e. Web-Data as sources of informal English. As the findings, informal English involves the notorious, casual, heteregeneous, inconsistent, irregular, unorganized, incomplete, shorter, cut-down, reversed-up, and speaker-dependent aspects, and has the direct and literal nature. Informal English with its relatively any topics, personal and private, is used for close people to confirm their in-group solidarity or membership of a social group within relaxed situations and unofficial contexts. Knowledge and practices of informal English are necessary for teachers as well as learners. ELT teachers should include informal English in their teaching-syllabus material with particularly-set circumstances. Learning the knowledge and practices of informal English through ELT classrooms should prevent English learners from uncontrolled learning exposures to various informal morally-dangerous settings. This way will expectedly encourage English learners to be alert and careful in using informal English, hence encouraging them to maintain interpersonal and social harmony to some broader extent.
BINARY OPPOSITIONS AS THE RESULT OF DECONSTRUCTION ANALYSIS IN THE GOLDFINCH NOVEL BY DONNA TARTT
Authors: Aprilia Cheristine , Arianto Tomi
Published: April 2021

This research is aimed to analyse the binary opposition in the “The Goldfinch” novel by Donna Tartt. The problem that analysed in this research focused on binary opposition of major character in the novel. The approach to analysing binary opposition used Derrida's concept, namely the theory of deconstruction by Jacques Derrida which is categorised as a poststructuralist approach. Deconstruction theory is understood as a theory that dismantles existing general views. The concept of binary opposition is directed to analyze the difference between two things which are considered to produce a new perspective and can be accepted by many people. The method used in this research is qualitative descriptive method, namely the author described and analysed existing data. The data is from the quotation of the novel. The result of the research is there are five binary oppositions, they are good – bad, valuable – worthless, honest – dishonest, caring – ignorant, and crowded ­– silent. The binary oppositions are found in the characters of the story. The characters in the story represent some of the characters of other people in the real world. People's perceptions about certain human characteristics can be explored deeper and have opposite sides.
HYBRIDITY POTRAYED BY MAJOR CHARACTERS IN THE NOVEL “CRAZY RICH ASIAN” BY KEVIN KWAN
Authors: Viviani Yolanda , Mandala Robby Satria
Published: April 2021

This research was conducted to figure out kinds of hybridity that major characters did in the novel “Crazy Rich Asian” by Kevin Kwan. This study was analyzed by using postcolonial approach with theory of hybridity by Homi K. Bhabha. According to Bhabha, hybridity is the mixing of two or more different culture and create a new culture that has both culture characteristic. It can be said that hybridity is the result of cross culture that appears in society due to cross cultural interaction that happened for a long time. Descriptive qualitative method was used in this research to analyse social problems happened in the novel. Based on the analysis that had been conducted, there were two kinds of hybridity found out in the novel “Crazy Rich Asian”. They are ethic hybridity and lifestyle hybridity. The ethic hybridity was found in Rachel and Eddie’s mindset. Their mindset were more like American than other characters. Lifestyle hybridity was found in Astrid lifestyle which more like westerner than her husband.
QUESTIONING STRATEGIES AND STUDENTS’ PREFERENCES
Authors: Krismanti Ninuk , Hidayat Fahmi
Published: April 2021

This study was set to investigate questioning strategies employed by lecturers and students’ preferences on the strategies. The study involved two lecturers of general English classes of two different institutions and 80 students. The data were collected using observation and questionnaire. The researchers conducted the observations four times online to get the data on lecturers’ questioning strategies. The observed classes were recorded to help the analysis. Questionnaire was distributed to all students to get the data on students’ preferences regarding questioning strategies, but only 72 students responded the questionnaire. The findings of this study showed that probing and redirecting strategy were most frequently employed by the lecturers. Repeating was the strategy employed the least. On students’ side, most students chose prompting as their favorite. Students also agreed that types of questions also matter in determining their responses to the questions.
Mutations in RNA Methyltransferase Gene NSUN5 Confer High Risk of Outflow Tract Malformation
Authors: Wang Yifeng , Jiang Tao , Xu Jiani , Gu Yayun , Zhou Yan , Lin Yuan , Wu Yifei , Li Wei , Wang Cheng , Shen Bin , Mo Xuming , Wang Xiaowei , Zhou Bin , Ding Chenyue , Hu Zhibin
Published: April 2021

NSUN5, encoding a cytosine-5 RNA methyltransferase and located in the 7q11.23 locus, is a candidate gene for tetralogy of Fallot (TOF). Deletion of the 7q11.23 locus in humans is linked to cardiac outflow tract (OFT) disorders including TOF. We identified four potential pathogenic mutations in the coding region of NSUN5 and which were enriched in TOF patients by an association study of 132 TOF patients and 2,000 in-house controls (P = 1.44 × 10–5). We then generated a Nsun5 null (Nsun5–/–) mouse model to validate the human findings by defining the functions of Nsun5 in OFT morphogenesis. The OFT did not develop properly in the Nsun5 deletion embryonic heart. We found a misalignment of the aorta and septum defects caused by the delayed fusion of the membraneous ventricular spetum as an OFT development delay. This caused OFT development delay in 27 of 64 (42.2%) Nsun5–/– mice. Moreover, we also found OFT development delay in 8 of 51 (15.7%) Nsun5+/– mice. Further functional experiments showed that the loss of Nsun5 function impaired the 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification and translation efficiency of essential cardiac genes. Nsun5 is required for normal OFT morphogenesis and it regulates the m5C modification of essential cardiac genes. Our findings suggest the involvement of NSUN5 in the pathogenesis of TOF.
High Efficiency RNA Extraction From Sperm Cells Using Guanidinium Thiocyanate Supplemented With Tris(2-Carboxyethyl)Phosphine
Authors: Roszkowski Martin , Mansuy Isabelle M.
Published: April 2021

The extraction of high-quality ribonucleic acid (RNA) from tissues and cells is a key step in many biological assays. Guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform (AGPC) is a widely used and efficient method to obtain pure RNA from most tissues and cells. However, it is not efficient with some cells like sperm cells because they are resistant to chaotropic lysis solutions containing guanidinium thiocyanate such as Buffer RLT+ and Trizol. Here, we show that disulfide bonds are responsible for the chemical resistance of sperm cells to RNA extraction reagents. We show that while β-mercaptoethanol (βME) can increase sperm lysis in Buffer RLT+, it has no effect in Trizol and leaves sperm cells intact. We measured the reduction of disulfide bonds in 2,2′-dithiodipyridine (DTDP) and observed that βME has a pH-dependent activity in chaotropic solutions, suggesting that pH is a limiting factor. We identified tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine (TCEP) as an efficient lysis enhancer of AGPC solutions that can retain reducing activity even at acidic pH. Trizol supplemented with TCEP allows the complete and rapid lysis of sperm cells, increasing RNA yield by 100-fold and resulting in RNA with optimal quality for reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. Our findings highlight the importance of efficient cell lysis and extraction of various macromolecules for bulk and single-cell assays, and can be applied to other lysis-resistant cells and vesicles, thereby optimizing the amount of required starting material and animals.
The Role of Cell Adhesion and Cytoskeleton Dynamics in the Pathogenesis of the Ehlers-Danlos Syndromes and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders
Authors: Malek Sabeeha , Köster Darius V.
Published: April 2021

The Ehlers-Danlos syndromes (EDS) are a group of 13 disorders, clinically defined through features of joint hypermobility, skin hyperextensibility, and tissue fragility. Most subtypes are caused by mutations in genes affecting the structure or processing of the extracellular matrix (ECM) protein collagen. The Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (HSDs) are clinically indistinguishable disorders, but are considered to lack a genetic basis. The pathogenesis of all these disorders, however, remains poorly understood. Genotype-phenotype correlations are limited, and findings of aberrant collagen fibrils are inconsistent and associate poorly with the subtype and severity of the disorder. The defective ECM, however, also has consequences for cellular processes. EDS/HSD fibroblasts exhibit a dysfunctional phenotype including impairments in cell adhesion and cytoskeleton organization, though the pathological significance of this has remained unclear. Recent advances in our understanding of fibroblast mechanobiology suggest these changes may actually reflect features of a pathomechanism we herein define. This review departs from the traditional view of EDS/HSD, where pathogenesis is mediated by the structurally defective ECM. Instead, we propose EDS/HSD may be a disorder of membrane-bound collagen, and consider how aberrations in cell adhesion and cytoskeleton dynamics could drive the abnormal properties of the connective tissue, and be responsible for the pathogenesis of EDS/HSD.
Effects of Carfilzomib Therapy on Left Ventricular Function in Multiple Myeloma Patients
Authors: Mingrone Giulia , Astarita Anna , Airale Lorenzo , Maffei Ilaria , Cesareo Marco , Crea Teresa , Bruno Giulia , Leone Dario , Avenatti Eleonora , Catarinella Cinzia , Salvini Marco , Cetani Giusy , Gay Francesca , Bringhen Sara , Veglio Franco , Vallelonga Fabrizio , Milan Alberto
Published: April 2021

Background: Carfilzomib improves the prognosis of multiple myeloma (MM) patients but significantly increases cardiovascular toxicity. The timing and effect of Carfilzomib therapy on the left ventricular function is still under investigation. We sought to assess the echocardiographic systo-diastolic changes, including global longitudinal strain (GLS), in patients treated with Carfilzomib and to identify predictors of increased risk of cardiovascular adverse events (CVAEs) during therapy.

Methods: Eighty-eight patients with MM performed a baseline cardiovascular evaluation comprehensive of transthoracic echocardiogram (TTE) before the start of Carfilzomib therapy and after 6 months. All patients were clinically followed up to early identify the occurrence of CVAEs during the whole therapy duration.

Results: After Carfilzomib treatment, mean GLS slightly decreased (−22.2% ± 2.6 vs. −21.3% ± 2.5; p < 0.001). Fifty-eight percent of patients experienced CVAEs during therapy: 71% of them had uncontrolled hypertension, and 29% had major CVAEs or CV events not related to arterial hypertension. GLS variation during therapy was not related to an increased risk of CVAEs; however, patients with baseline GLS ≥ −21% and/or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 60% had a greater risk of major CVAEs (OR = 6.2, p = 0.004; OR = 3.7, p = 0.04, respectively). Carfilzomib led to a higher risk of diastolic dysfunction (5.6 vs. 13.4%, p = 0.04) and to a rise in E/e′ ratio (8.9 ± 2.7 vs. 9.7 ± 3.7; p = 0.006).

Conclusion: Carfilzomib leads to early LV function impairment early demonstrated by GLS changes and diastolic dysfunction. Baseline echocardiographic parameters, especially GLS and LVEF, might improve cardiovascular risk stratification before treatment.
Association Between Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Stroke
Authors: Rosa Maria Inês , Grande Antonio José , Lima Leticia Dorsa , Dondossola Eduardo Ronconi , Uggioni Maria Laura Rodrigues , Hernandez Adrian V. , Tse Gary , Liu Tong , Pontes-Neto Octávio Marques , Biondi-Zoccai Giuseppe , Neto Mansueto Gomes , Durães André Rodrigues , Sá Michel Pompeu B. O. , Resende Elmiro Santos , Roever Leonardo
Published: April 2021

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is correlated with endothelial dysfunction, metabolic syndrome, increased mortality and recent studies showed a possible association with the increased risk of stroke. We performed a systematic review of studies evaluating the association between EAT and stroke. Eighty studies met the inclusion criteria and were consequently analyzed. The review had Five main findings. First, the increased epicardial fat thickness (EFT) may be associated with the stroke episode. Second, regardless of the imaging method (echocardiography, MRI, and CT) this association remains. Third, the association of metabolic syndrome and atrial fibrillation seems to increase the risk of stroke. Fourth, this systematic review was considered as low risk of bias. Despite being unable to establish a clear association between EAT and stroke, we have organized and assessed all the research papers on this topic, analyzing their limitations, suggesting improvements in future pieces of research and pointing out gaps in the literature. Furthermore, the mechanistic links between increased EAT and stroke incidence remains unclear, thus, further research is warranted.
Changes in Wood Utilization Due to Iron Age Jade Mining in the Western Hexi Corridor: Wood Charcoal Investigations
Authors: Liu Fengwen , Yang Yishi , Chen Guoke , Zhang Shanjia , Zhang Hucai
Published: April 2021

Charcoal remains from archeological sites are used not only to reconstruct the historical composition of local woodlands but also to examine the history of the human use of wood. Nevertheless, key questions such as how and why people may have selected particular woody taxa from locations long distances from their habitat have rarely been addressed. In the present study, we analyze charcoal remains from the ancient Jingbaoer (JBR) jade mine in the Mazong Mountains (Mazong Shan) of Northwest China to explore patterns in the collection and use of wood by Iron Age people. Factors affecting the choice of wood collected at the JBR site are discussed by combining the results of pollen records and charcoal analysis. Our results suggest that tamarisk (Tamarix L.), a shrub dominant in the local area, was the main source of wood for JBR miners and was used as firewood depending upon its local availability. The miners may also have used wood from species sourced further away, such as Pinus L. and Picea L., because of the local scarcity of these trees in such a dry environment. The agropastoralist subsistence system practiced by the JBR miners supports the hypothesis of the collection of wood from distant locales. This study highlights diverse patterns of wood collection in an area scarce in woody plants and provides new evidence for understanding how Iron Age people adapted to extremely arid environments.
Fracture Shape and Orientation Contributions to P-Wave Velocity and Anisotropy of Alpine Fault Mylonites
Authors: Charoensawan Jirapat , Adam Ludmila , Ofman Michael , Toy Virginia , Simpson Jonathan , Zhong Xin , Schuck Bernhard
Published: April 2021

P-wave anisotropy is significant in the mylonitic Alpine Fault shear zone. Mineral- and texture-induced anisotropy are dominant in these rocks but further complicated by the presence of fractures. Electron back-scattered diffraction and synchrotron X-ray microtomography (micro-CT) data are acquired on exhumed schist, protomylonite, mylonite, and ultramylonite samples to quantify mineral phases, crystal preferred orientations, microfractures, and porosity. The samples are composed of quartz, plagioclase, mica and accessory garnet, and contain 3–5% porosity. Based on the micro-CT data, the representative pore shape has an aspect ratio of 5:2:1. Two numerical models are compared to calculate the velocity of fractured rocks: a 2D wave propagation model, and a differential effective medium model (3D). The results from both models have comparable pore-free fast and slow velocities of 6.5 and 5.5 km/s, respectively. Introducing 5% fractures with 5:2:1 aspect ratio, oriented with the longest axes parallel to foliation decreases these velocities to 6.3 and 5.0 km/s, respectively. Adding both randomly oriented and foliation-parallel fractures hinders the anisotropy increase with fracture volume. The anisotropy becomes independent of porosity when 80% of fractures are randomly oriented. Modeled anisotropy in 2D and 3D are different for similar fracture aspect ratios, being 30 and 15%, respectively. This discrepancy is the result of the underlying assumptions and limitations. Our numerical results explain the effects that fracture orientations and shapes have on previously published field- and laboratory-based studies. Through this numerical study, we show how mica-dominated, pore-free P-wave anisotropy compares to that of fracture volume, shape and orientation for protolith and shear zone rocks of the Alpine Fault.
Computer Vision, Machine Learning, and the Promise of Phenomics in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Authors: Lürig Moritz D. , Donoughe Seth , Svensson Erik I. , Porto Arthur , Tsuboi Masahito
Published: April 2021

For centuries, ecologists and evolutionary biologists have used images such as drawings, paintings and photographs to record and quantify the shapes and patterns of life. With the advent of digital imaging, biologists continue to collect image data at an ever-increasing rate. This immense body of data provides insight into a wide range of biological phenomena, including phenotypic diversity, population dynamics, mechanisms of divergence and adaptation, and evolutionary change. However, the rate of image acquisition frequently outpaces our capacity to manually extract meaningful information from images. Moreover, manual image analysis is low-throughput, difficult to reproduce, and typically measures only a few traits at a time. This has proven to be an impediment to the growing field of phenomics – the study of many phenotypic dimensions together. Computer vision (CV), the automated extraction and processing of information from digital images, provides the opportunity to alleviate this longstanding analytical bottleneck. In this review, we illustrate the capabilities of CV as an efficient and comprehensive method to collect phenomic data in ecological and evolutionary research. First, we briefly review phenomics, arguing that ecologists and evolutionary biologists can effectively capture phenomic-level data by taking pictures and analyzing them using CV. Next we describe the primary types of image-based data, review CV approaches for extracting them (including techniques that entail machine learning and others that do not), and identify the most common hurdles and pitfalls. Finally, we highlight recent successful implementations and promising future applications of CV in the study of phenotypes. In anticipation that CV will become a basic component of the biologist’s toolkit, our review is intended as an entry point for ecologists and evolutionary biologists that are interested in extracting phenotypic information from digital images.
Toward Genome-Based Selection in Asian Seabass: What Can We Learn From Other Food Fishes and Farm Animals?
Authors: Orbán László , Shen Xueyan , Phua Norman , Varga László
Published: April 2021

Due to the steadily increasing need for seafood and the plateauing output of fisheries, more fish need to be produced by aquaculture production. In parallel with the improvement of farming methods, elite food fish lines with superior traits for production must be generated by selection programs that utilize cutting-edge tools of genomics. The purpose of this review is to provide a historical overview and status report of a selection program performed on a catadromous predator, the Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer, Bloch 1790) that can change its sex during its lifetime. We describe the practices of wet lab, farm and lab in detail by focusing onto the foundations and achievements of the program. In addition to the approaches used for selection, our review also provides an inventory of genetic/genomic platforms and technologies developed to (i) provide current and future support for the selection process; and (ii) improve our understanding of the biology of the species. Approaches used for the improvement of terrestrial farm animals are used as examples and references, as those processes are far ahead of the ones used in aquaculture and thus they might help those working on fish to select the best possible options and avoid potential pitfalls.
Case Report: Stepwise Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Effects Following Convalescent Plasma Therapy With Full Clinical Recovery
Authors: Zimmerli Aurelia , Monti Matteo , Fenwick Craig , Eckerle Isabella , Beigelman-Aubry Catherine , Pellaton Céline , Jaton Katia , Dumas Dominique , Stamm Gian-Marco , Infanti Laura , Andreu-Ullrich Heidrun , Germann Daphné , Mean Marie , Vollenweider Peter , Stadelmann Raphael , Prella Maura , Comte Denis , Guery Benoit , Gachoud David , Rufer Nathalie
Published: April 2021

In these times of COVID-19 pandemic, concern has been raised about the potential effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection on immunocompromised patients, particularly on those receiving B-cell depleting agents and having therefore a severely depressed humoral response. Convalescent plasma can be a therapeutic option for these patients. Understanding the underlying mechanisms of convalescent plasma is crucial to optimize such therapeutic approach. Here, we describe a COVID-19 patient who was deeply immunosuppressed following rituximab (anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody) and concomitant chemotherapy for chronic lymphoid leukemia. His long-term severe T and B cell lymphopenia allowed to evaluate the treatment effects of convalescent plasma. Therapeutic outcome was monitored at the clinical, biological and radiological level. Moreover, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody titers (IgM, IgG and IgA) and neutralizing activity were assessed over time before and after plasma transfusions, alongside to SARS-CoV-2 RNA quantification and virus isolation from the upper respiratory tract. Already after the first cycle of plasma transfusion, the patient experienced rapid improvement of pneumonia, inflammation and blood cell counts, which may be related to the immunomodulatory properties of plasma. Subsequently, the cumulative increase in anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies due to the three additional plasma transfusions was associated with progressive and finally complete viral clearance, resulting in full clinical recovery. In this case-report, administration of convalescent plasma revealed a stepwise effect with an initial and rapid anti-inflammatory activity followed by the progressive SARS-CoV-2 clearance. These data have potential implications for a more extended use of convalescent plasma and future monoclonal antibodies in the treatment of immunosuppressed COVID-19 patients.