bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flight parameters improvement for an unmanned aerial vehicle using a lookup table based fuzzy PID controller
Authors: Benbouali Abderrahmen , Chabni Fayçal , Taleb Rachid , Mansour Noureddine
Published: July 2021

In this paper, a control scheme based on lookup table fuzzy proportionalintegral-derivate (PID) controller for the quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) movement control is proposed. This type of control provides enhanced quadrotor movement control beyond what can be achieved with conventional controllers and has a less computational burden on the processor. The proposed control scheme uses three lookup table based fuzzy logic controllers to control the different movement ranges of a quadrotor (i.e. roll, pitch, and yaw) to achieve stability. The mathematical model of a quadrotor, used to design the proposed controller, is derived based on the Lagrange approach. The processor in the loop (PIL) technique was used to test and validate the proposed control scheme. MATLAB/Simulink environment was used as a platform for the quadrotor model, whereas a low cost and high-performance STM32F407 microcontroller was used to implement the controllers. Data transfer between the hardware and software is via serial communication converter. The control system designed based on simulation is tested and validated using “processor in the loop” techniques.
Design of high power amplifier based on wilkinson power combiner for wireless communications
Authors: Hoi Tran Van , Lanh Ngo Thi
Published: July 2021

Thisarticlepresentsthedesign and fabrication ofa high power amplifierbased onwilkinson power combiner. A 45W basic amplifier module isdesigned usinglaterally-diffused metal-oxide semiconductor (LDMOS) fieldeffect transistor (FET) PTFA260451E transistor. Wilkinson power combineris used to combine two input powers toproduce 90W of power. Theproposed power amplifier is researched, designed and optimized usingadvanced design system(ADS) software.Experimental results show that thegain is 11.5 dB greater than at 2.45-3.0GHz frequency band and achieving maximum power gain of 13.5dB at 2.65GHz centre frequency; output power increased to 49.3dBm; Power added efficiency of 62.1% and good impedances matching: input reflection coefficient (S11)<-10dB, output reflection coefficient (S22)<-15dB. The designed amplifier can be used for4G, 5G mobile communications andS-band satellite communication.
Sentiment classification of user's reviews on drugs based on global vectors for word representation and bidirectional long short-term memory recurrent neural network
Authors: Obayed Hadab Khalid , Al-Turaihi Firas Sabah , Alhussayni Khaldoon H.
Published: July 2021

The process of product development in the health sector, especially pharmaceuticals, goes through a series of precise procedures due to its directrelevance to human life. The opinion of patients or users of a particular drugcan be relied upon in this development process, as the patients convey their experience with the drugs through their opinion. The social media field provides many datasets related to drugs through knowing the user's ratingand opinion on a drug after using it. In this work, a dataset is used that includes the user’s rating and review on the drug, for the purpose of classifying the user’s opinions (reviews) whether they are positive ornegative. The proposed method in this article includes two phases. The first phase is to use the Global vectors for word representation model for converting texts into the vector of embedded words. As for the second stage, the deep neural network (Bidirectional longshort-termmemory) is employedin the classification of reviews. The user's rating is used as a ground truth inevaluating the classification results. The proposed method present sencouraging results, as the classification results are evaluated through threecriteria, namely Precision, Recall and F-score, whose obtained values equal(0.9543, 0.9597and0.9558), respectively. The classification results of theproposed method are compared to a number of classifiers, and it was noticed that the results of the proposed method exceed those of the alternative classifiers.
A survey of various intelligent home applications using IoT and intelligent controllers
Authors: Omran Mustafa Asaad , Saad Wasaan Kadhim , Hamza Bashar Jabbar , Fahem Al-baghdadi Ahmed
Published: July 2021

The tremendous development in technology used in our daily life was one of the most important incentives for researchers to add technology that is easy to use and useful in human life, an example internet of things (IoT) and systems of intelligence used in various fields. This article provides an overview of the smart home (SH) study of the Internet of Things as smart homes (SHs) have attracted great interest with communication technology advancements. The intelligent home is an Internet of Things technology that allows the monitoring and control of devices via the Internet using a home automation system (HAS). Followed by the justification for choosing the smart home and smart home engineering, and what are the most used communication protocols for smart homes, whether wired or wireless.
A deep web data extraction model for web mining: a review
Authors: Ahmad Sabri Ily Amalina , Man Mustafa
Published: July 2021

The World Wide Web has become a large pool of information. Extracting structured data from a published web pages has drawn attention in the last decade. The process of web data extraction (WDE) has many challenges, dueto variety of web data and the unstructured data from hypertext mark up language (HTML) files. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive overview of current web data extraction techniques, in termsof extracted quality data. This paper focuses on study for data extraction using wrapper approaches and compares each other to identify the best approach to extract data from online sites. To observe the efficiency of the proposed model, we compare the performance of data extraction by single web page extraction with different models such as document object model (DOM), wrapper using hybrid dom and json (WHDJ), wrapper extraction of image using DOM and JSON (WEIDJ) and WEIDJ (no-rules). Finally, the experimentations proved that WEIDJ can extract data fastest and low time consuming compared to other proposed method.

 
Analysis of design goals of cryptography algorithms based on different components
Authors: Gil Molk Ali Mohammad Norouzzadeh , Aref Mohammad Reza , Khorshiddoust Reza Ramazani
Published: July 2021

Cryptography algorithms are a fundamental part of a cryptographic system that is designed and implemented to increase information security. They are the center of attention of experts in the information technology domains. Although the cryptography algorithms are implemented to attainthe goals such as confidentially, integrity and authenticity of designing, but other matters that must be noticed by designers include speed, resource consumption, reliability, flexibility, usage type and so on. For the useful allocation of hardware, software, human resources, etc., it is important to identify the role of each of the factors influencing the design of cryptographic algorithms to invest in the development of cryptographic knowledge.This paper examines 1700 papers, documents and technical reports of international journals in the specific lengthy period (1978-2019), and the goal of the design and implementation of cryptography algorithms in a different period is extracted. Using a statistical population that consists of time and the number of documents in a long time and also avariety of data, leads this study to have a reliable result and attract the attention of designers.The results show that in recent years, attention tonew usage such as IoT and telemedicine, as well as lightweight cryptography, has increased to achieve the main goals.
Optimising monthly tilt angles of solar panels using particle swarm optimisation algorithm
Authors: Kanianthara Namruta S. , Ang Swee Peng , Khalil Sulayman Ashraf Fathi , Hj. Abd. Hamid Zainidi bin
Published: July 2021

This paper presents an intelligent computational method using the PSO (particle swarm optimisation) algorithm to determine the optimum tilt angle of solar panels in PV systems. The objective of the paper is to assess the performance of this method against conventional methods of determining the optimum tilt angle. The method presented here can be used to determine the optimum tilt angle at any location around the world. In this paper, it was applied to Brunei Darussalam, and succeeded in computing monthly optimum tilt angles, ranging from 34.7ᵒ in December to -26.7ᵒ in September. Results showed that changing the tilt angle every month, as determined by the PSO algorithm, increased annual yield by: (i) 5.94%, compared to keeping it fixed at 0ᵒ, (ii) 8.65%, compared to Lunde’s method and (iii) 17.31%, compared to Duffie and Beckman’s method. Benchmark test functions were used to compare and evaluate the performance of the PSO algorithm with the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm, another metaheuristic algorithm. The tests revealed that the PSO algorithm outperformed the ABC algorithm, exhibiting lower root mean square error and standard deviation, better convergence to the global minimum, more accurate location of the global minimum, and faster execution times.
La experiencia de la finitud y el sentido de vivir.
Authors: Gaviria Múnera Mónica Marcela
Published: July 2021

Este artículo surge de las reflexiones generadas y de las lecturas revisadas para la investigación Reconfiguración de sentido de vida a partir de un diagnóstico de una enfermedad que pone en riesgo la vida. Este escrito intenta profundizar en los contenidos que pueden estar implícitos en la expresión "en un segundo"; expresión que usualmente es utilizada por los sujetos que narran una experiencia que partió su vida en dos. Los conceptos que serán profundizados en el artículo son experiencia, tiempo, finitud, y sentido de vida; y los teóricos desde los que se desarrollarán los conceptos son Larrosa, Heidegger, Frankl, Sartre y Melich. Es importante señalar que quizás la intención general del artículo sea una invitación a la reflexión a la inquietud por el ser que se está siendo; un ser finito que tiene la posibilidad de decidir frente al sentido que otorga a la experiencia y que finamente decide cómo vivir.
Identidades profesionales docentes: orientación identitaria y reforma educativa
Authors: Fuentes Amaya Silvia
Published: July 2021

El análisis de los impactos de modelos de identificación profesional docente, prescritos desde la política, en el contexto de la hegemonía de un discurso de la calidad educativa (Rodríguez, 2010; Buenfil, 2016), el cual se ha asociado con ideales democráticos como equidad e inclusión, requiere tanto una visión compleja que conciba la resignificación de forma procesual e histórica, como una noción de sujeto-actor educativo descentrado. En ese contexto, presento resultados de una investigación de carácter exploratorio y analítico, a partir de una metodología mixta, cuyo objetivo fue explorar una primera fase de resignificación, por parte de docentes de nivel primaria, de un modelo de identificación profesional histórico-prescriptivo. Desde una perspectiva discursiva e ideológica (Laclau y Mouffe, 1987; ?i?ek, 1992; Fuentes, 2015), desarrollo dos estrategias de análisis: la primera involucra el análisis discursivo de documentos oficiales del periodo de reforma 2008-2016 en México: la Alianza por la Calidad de la Educación (2008), la Ley General del Servicio Profesional Docente (2013) y el Modelo Educativo (2016); la segunda consiste en la reconstrucción de una orientación identitaria (Fuentes, 2010) con base en el análisis de los datos generados gracias a la aplicación de un cuestionario semiabierto a una muestra intencionada, constituida por 55 docentes de tres escuelas primarias de la Ciudad de México. En los resultados se encontró que: a) en el período de reforma 2008-2016 fue posible situar un modelo de identificación profesional docente prescriptivo definido como “docente idóneo”, b) su resignificación, involucró la constitución de una orientación identitaria articulada por los significantes profesional, responsable y con vocación y c) estos últimos procedieron de distintas políticas y momentos históricos. Se puede concluir que el proceso identificatorio profesional docente, además de móvil, abierto y contingente, involucra distintos estratos de resignificación con diferentes niveles de funcionamiento ideológico. En el caso estudiado, si bien el discurso de la calidad educativa hegemonizó la prescripción de un nuevo modelo de identificación profesional docente, la resignificación de éste, por los docentes encuestados, recuperó el significante “con vocación”, el cual había sido excluido de la normativa de política vigente.
Crianza urbana y territorio ancestral: Pueblos indígenas Embera-Katío y Nasa en Bogotá
Authors: Guido Sandra Patricia , Benavides Cortés Angie , García Ramírez Carolina
Published: July 2021

Este artículo presenta los resultados del proyecto de investigación “Prácticas y pautas de crianzas: del territorio ancestral al territorio urbano”. Su propósito es el de analizar las transformaciones de las prácticas de crianza cuando familias indígenas Embera-Katío y Nasa migran al espacio urbano. La metodología se centra en un estudio de caso colectivo y descriptivo utilizando relatos de vida de familia. Los resultados se presentan en dos partes: Territorio ancestral y prácticas de crianza, y tránsitos hacia lo urbano. El análisis da cuenta de una construcción de nuevas identidades y formas de crianza desde prácticas culturales que deben ser llevadas a todos los espacios educativos.
Necropolítica e racismo na construção da cartografia da violência nas periferias de Belém
Authors: Couto Aiala Colares de Oliveira
Published: July 2021

O presente texto tem como objetivo analisar a cartografia dos homicídios ou cartografia da violência em Belém, Pará, sobretudo, a partir da sobreposição de territórios envolvendo narcotraficantes, milicianos e o Estado que manifesta as mais variadas formas de conflitos urbanos. Desse modo, os territórios sobrepostos produzem uma necropolítica que tem no componente racial um elemento indutor da banalização e naturalização das mortes. A metodologia aqui utilizada está fundamentada em pesquisas bibliográficas e documentais, análise de dados estatísticos e trabalhos de campo. Como resultado, tem-se a produção do mapa da violência em Belém, o qual aponta para uma concentração das manchas de homicídios nas áreas precarizadas e periféricas da cidade, destacando, assim, a necessidade de uma política urbana acompanhada de políticas públicas.
Deep Cerebral Perforators: Anatomical Distribution and Clinical Symptoms
Authors: Vogels Valerie , Dammers Ruben , van Bilsen Martine , Volovici Victor
Published: July 2021

The anatomic distribution of the deep cerebral perforators is considered either a given or subject to enormous variability. Most published overviews on this topic only report findings from a limited number of anatomic dissections, and no attempt has been made to date to provide a comprehensive overview of all published data. A comprehensive literature search was performed on MEDLINE, Embase, and Google Scholar with the help of an information specialist. Three types of studies were included: (1) articles that described the anatomy and distribution territories of perforator groups arising from the arteries of the circle of Willis; (2) studies that evaluated the anatomy of the deep cerebral perforators using imaging techniques; and (3) studies that evaluated either microsurgically or radiologically confirmed perforator occlusion and reported the (magnetic resonance imaging–confirmed) distribution territory of the infarction together with a description of the clinical symptoms associated as a result of the infarction. A total of 2715 articles were screened and 53 were included. Of these, 40 dealt with the anatomic and imaging anatomy of perforator groups (37 reported results of dissections and 3 results of imaging studies), with a total of 2421 hemispheres investigated. Another 13 articles with 680 patients were included that evaluated perforator infarction territories. The deep cerebral perforator distribution shows large variability with poor concordance rates among reported studies, with the exception of the posterior communicating and anterior choroidal artery perforators. Despite the assumption that cerebral perforator anatomy is a given, studies show large variability in the anatomic distribution of various perforator groups. Perforator anatomy and relationships between perforator groups, as well as potential collateral circulation in these territories should be prioritized as a research topic in cerebrovascular disease in the near future.
Domestic Provision of Global Public Goods: How Other Countries’ Behavior Affects Public Support for Climate Policy
Authors: Beiser-McGrath Liam F. , Bernauer Thomas
Published: July 2021

When considering public support for domestic policies that contribute to a global public good, such as climate change mitigation, the behavior of other countries is commonly regarded as pivotal. Using survey experiments in China and the United States we find that other countries’ behavior matters for public opinion, but in a contingent manner. When citizens learn that other countries decrease their emissions, this leads to support for further domestic action. Yet, support for reciprocal behavior is not a necessary consequence of other countries increasing their emissions. Responding in-kind to emissions increases abroad depends upon the home country’s past behavior and who the other country is. Our results imply that the international context remains important, despite global climate policy now relying more on coordinated unilateral action and polycentric governance. They also show, however, that we need to pay greater attention to contingent effects of countries’ positive and negative behavior in this area.
Scythian Burial-Mound 7 in the “Vodovod” Group in the Lower Reaches of the Dniester River
Authors: Sinika Vitalii S. , Telnov Nikolai P. , Lysenko Sergei D.
Published: July 2021

Materials obtained during investigation of Scythian burial-mound 7 in the “Vodovod” group in 2017 near the village of Glinoye in the Slobozia District on the east bank of the Lower Dniester are published here for the first time. The burial-mound contained five burials – four in pits and one in a catacomb. The burials in pits had been deposited at the turn of the 4th century BC and the catacomb burial dated from the first third of the 3rd century BC. The graves belonged to ordinary members of the community but contained a fairly distinctive range of grave goods. It was made up of weapons (arrowheads and an axe) and horse harness (a bit and a cheek-piece), vessels (a wooden dish, hand-moulded pot and a hand-moulded bowl), tools (knives, awls, a needle, spindle whorls and an abrasive tool) and jewellery (rings, a metal bracelet, beads, pendants made of shell, oolitic limestone and canine teeth of dogs). In addition tassel-holders, a bronze mirror and a flint strike-a-light were found. A bronze ring from burial 7/2 reflects La Tène influence and the hand-moulded cup from burial 7/4 reflects Thracian influence on the material culture of the Scythians in the North-West Pontic region. In general the funerary rite and range of grave goods demonstrate the transformation of Scythian culture during the second half of the 4th and first half of the 3rd century BC.
Gender, Family, Race, and the Colonial State in Early Nineteenth-Century Jamaica
Authors: Graham Aaron
Published: July 2021

Recent work has emphasized the role of colonial state structures in the construction and enforcement of race and gender in the British Empire from the seventeenth century onward, particularly among people of color. But work on the parallel phenomenon of “Whiteness” has focused on White men rather than White women and children, on elites rather than those below them, and on North America rather than the Caribbean. This article, using the records of a “Clergy Fund” established in Jamaica in 1797 as an insurance scheme for the (White) widows and orphans of clergymen, therefore addresses a gap in this literature by providing a case study of how a colonial state in the Caribbean tried—and failed—to construct and enforce race and gender among White women and children from outside the elite, during a period when White society in the region seemed under threat.
Two new species of the sharpshooter genus Paratubana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Cicadellini) from alpine fields of Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil
Authors: CÔRTE ISABELE , PECLY NATHALIA H. , QUINTAS VICTOR , FERREIRA ANDRÉ L. D. , CAVICHIOLI RODNEY R. , MEJDALANI GABRIEL
Published: July 2021

Two new species of Paratubana Young, 1977 are described and illustrated from Rio de Janeiro state, southeastern Brazil, based on specimens collected in alpine fields (above 1,800 m) of the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range. Paratubana auromarginata sp. nov. (Pico da Caledônia) can be recognized by the paraphyses with the apex bifurcate, forming an outer subquadrate projection and inner spiniform process, whereas in P. takiyae sp. nov. (Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos) the paraphyses have a pair of strong spiniform processes directed dorsally and crossing each other. The two new species are apparently closely related to each other and both use Eryngium L. (Apiaceae) as host plants. A key to males of the ten known species of the genus is added, as well as two maps of their known distribution.
Photovoltaic Performance of Thin-Film CdTe for Solar Cell Applications
Authors: Hendi A. , Alkhraif R. , Alshehri H. , AlKallas F. , Almoneef M. , Laref A. , Awad M. , Alsaif N. , Almuqrin Aljawhara H. , Alanazi M. , Altowyan A. , Ortashi K.
Published: July 2021

In the current investigation, we report a theoretical study to acquire the highest feasible efficiency of cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-films. It is well recognized that CdTe crystallizes in cubic zinc-blende structure and its direct band gap of 1.5 eV turned it out as a potential candidate
for photovoltaic (PV) applications. Our calculations are founded on Shockley-Queisser (SQ) limit to simulate the open-circuit voltage, current density, and filling factor versus the variation of photon energy up to 4.0 eV. These key parameters of SQ change with the variation of energy between
0.3 to 3.5 eV. This is owing to the strong optical absorption (> 104 cm−1) and direct band gap of 1.5 eV, which make CdTe thin-film suitable for single junction solar cell and ideal for PV applications. It is observed that the optical absorption enhances as the
thickness of the absorbed layer increases. This will effectively provide a theoretical support to the industry of global solar energy that is anticipated to be sustainable in the future.
Effects of Chemical Reaction, Activation Energy and Thermal Energy on Magnetohydrodynamics Maxwell Fluid Flow in Rotating Frame
Authors: Dessie Hunegnaw
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this research is to see how chemical processes, activation energy, and heat radiation affect MHD flow of Maxwell fluid in a rotating frame. Using applicable similarity transformations, the partial differential equations that regulate the flow are reduced to extremely
nonlinear ordinary differential equations. Graphs and tables are used to study the impact of monitoring parameters on velocity, temperature, concentration profiles, reduced Nusselt number, reduced Sherwood numbers, and skin friction coefficients. Outstanding agreement is obtained when the
present findings of the study is compared with the previous related research works. In the study, it is noted that an increase of the thermal radiation parameters contributes to an increase of the flow temperature region. When a fluid is subjected to a greater rotation parameter, the thermal
boundary layer thickens and the heat transfer rate decrease. Moreover, a decline of mass transfer rate is observed for a rise of Prandl number, rotational parameter or Deborah number.
A continuous decline of global seasonal wind speed range over land since 1980
Authors: Zhou Lihong , Zeng Zhenzhong , Azorin-Molina Cesar , Liu Yi , Wu Jie , Wang Dashan , Li Dan , Ziegler Alan D. , Dong Li
Published: July 2021

To investigate changes in global wind speed phenomena, we constructed homogenized monthly time series (1980-2018) for 4,722 meteorological stations. Through examining monthly-averaged wind speeds (MWS), we found that seasonal wind speed range (SWSR; calculated as the difference between maximum and minimum MWS) has declined significantly by 10% since 1980 (p < 0.001). This global SWSR reduction was primarily influenced by decreases in Europe (-19%), South America (-16%), Australia (-14%), and Asia (-13%), with corresponding rate reductions of -0.13, -0.08, -0.09 and -0.06 m s-1 decade-1, respectively (p < 0.01). In contrast, the SWSR in North America rose 3%. Important is that the decrease in SWSR occurred regardless of the stilling or reversal of annual wind speed. The shrinking SWSR in Australia and South America was characterized by continuous decreases in maximum MWS and increases in the minimum. For Europe and Asia, maximum and minimum MWS declined initially after 1980, followed by substantial increases in minimum MWS (about 2000 and 2012, respectively) that preserved the long-term reduction in the range. Most reanalysis products (ERA5, ERA-Interim, and MERRA-2) and climate model simulations (AMIP6 and CMIP6) fail to reproduce the observed trends. However, some ocean-atmosphere indices (seasonality characteristics) were correlated significantly with these trends, including West Hemisphere warm pool, East Atlantic Patten, Pacific Decadal Oscillation, and others. These findings are important for increasing the understanding of mechanisms behind wind speed variations that influence a multitude of other biogeophysical processes and the development of efficient wind energy generations, now and in the future.
Early home-leaving (HL) and educational attainment: The moderating role of HL in the intergenerational transmission of education
Authors: Remes Hanna , Sirniö Outi , Martikainen Pekka
Published: July 2021

Leaving the parental home is a key step in successful transitions to adulthood. Early home-leaving (HL) is associated with lower educational attainment, but the role of early versus later home-leaving in the intergenerational transmission of education has not been assessed in previous research. We used a longitudinal register-based total sample of families in Finland to examine whether the association between parental and offspring education differs between early (below age 19) and later home-leavers, including a comparison between early and later leaving siblings. We found the lower probability of completing any secondary degree among early leavers to be larger among those with lower-educated than higher-educated parents. In contrast, in continuing to tertiary-level education, the educational disadvantage among early leavers was much larger among offspring of the higher-educated parents. Differences by HL across levels of parental education persisted adjustment for other parental and childhood resources, although only modest evidence of moderation was found when comparing early and later leaving siblings. Our findings on weaker intergenerational transmission of education among early leavers with an advantaged background, and accumulation of disadvantage among early leavers with less advantaged background suggest that timing of HL has an independent role in educational inequalities.
Efficacy and Safety of Endoanal Ultrasound–Guided Botulinum Toxin in Chronic Anal Fissure
Authors: Akalin Çagri , Yavuzarslan Ayse Burcu , Akyol Cihangir
Published: July 2021

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoanal ultrasound (EAUS)–guided botulinum toxin (BT) in the treatment of chronic anal fissure (CAF). All patients were classified into 2 groups: conventional and EAUS groups. In total, 90 units of BT were injected into the internal anal sphincter at the 3, 6, and 9 o’clock positions in the EAUS group. An injection was performed into the intersphincteric space at the 3, 6, and 9 o’clock positions in the conventional group. Adverse effects and efficacy were analyzed. There were 44 patients: 26 in the conventional group and 18 in the EAUS group. Pain and incontinence rates were similar between groups ( P > .05). The efficacy rate was higher in the EAUS group (69.23%) than in the conventional group (81.82%), but this difference was not significant ( P = .466). EAUS–guided BT injection is safe and effective in patients with CAFs.
Dietary patterns and internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis
Authors: Orlando Laura , Savel Katarina A , Madigan Sheri , Colasanto Marlena , Korczak Daphne J
Published: July 2021

Context:

Studies of child and adolescent internalizing symptoms and dietary pattern have produced mixed results.

Objectives:

To quantify the association between dietary patterns and internalizing symptoms, including depression, in children and adolescents.

Data sources:

Embase, PsycINFO, MEDLINE, Web of Science and Cochrane up to March 2021.

Study selection:

Observational studies and randomized controlled trials with mean age ⩽ 18 years, reporting associations between diet patterns and internalizing symptoms.

Data extraction:

Mean effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals were determined under a random-effects model.

Results:

Twenty-six studies were cross-sectional, 12 were prospective, and 1 used a case-control design. The total number of participants enrolled ranged from 73,726 to 116,546. Healthy dietary patterns were negatively associated with internalizing ( r = –0.07, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [–0.12, 0.06]) and depressive symptoms ( r = –0.10, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [–0.18, –0.08]). Effect sizes were larger for studies of healthy dietary patterns and internalizing and depressive symptoms using self-report versus parent-report measures, as well as in cross-sectional studies of healthy dietary patterns and depression compared to prospective studies. Unhealthy dietary patterns were positively associated with internalizing ( r = 0.09, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval [0.06, 0.14]) and depressive symptoms ( r = 0.10, p < 0.01, 95% CI [0.05, 0.17]). Larger effect sizes were observed for studies of unhealthy dietary patterns and internalizing and depressive symptoms using self-report versus parent-report measures.

Limitations:

A lack of studies including clinical samples and/or physician diagnosis, and a paucity of studies in which anxiety symptoms were the primary mental health outcome.

Conclusion:

Greater depression and internalizing symptoms are associated with greater unhealthy dietary patterns and with lower healthy dietary intake among children and adolescents.
When field isn’t field anymore: Innovating the undergraduate social work field experience in response to the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Crocetto Johanna
Published: July 2021

This essay summarizes one undergraduate social work field program’s innovative response to the enormity of the COVID-19 pandemic. The virtual field program provided flexible, accessible options meeting the diverse and immediate needs of students. Reflections here include the project’s implementation, insights gained, and plans to sustain these new field initiatives.
Populism From Below and Social Movements: A Case of Zimbabwe’s #ThisFlag Movement
Authors: Tinashe Nenjerama Theophilus , Mpofu Shepherd
Published: July 2021

This study examines a new wave of populisms arising in the digital era using Pastor Evan Mawarire’s #ThisFlag movement: What are they, and how do they express themselves? How does the hegemony react to them? Non-mainstream, digitally born movements, especially in dictatorships, are dismissed by the political elite as ill-mannered disruptors whose political interventions are detrimental. To analyse the cleric’s populism and its meaning to the Zimbabwean body politic, we use three specific themes: (a) personality and influence of movement leader(s); (b) populist communication and messaging; and (c) recreating an involved citizenry. We used digital ethnography to gather and analyse data.
The Relation of Language Context and Religiosity to Trilemma Judgments
Authors: Barabadi Elyas , Rahmani Tabar Mohsen , Booth James R.
Published: July 2021

Utilitarian judgments maximize benefit for the most people, whereas deontological judgments are based on moral norms. Previous work shows that people tend to make more utilitarian judgments in their second compared to their native language, whereas higher religiosity is associated with more deontological judgments. However, it is not known whether the effect of language context is moderated by the religiosity of the individual. We hypothesized that more religious participants from all three languages would favor deontological choices irrespective of language context. In order to investigate this, we studied native speakers of Persian who either had Arabic or English as their second language, and all participants were given a standard measure of religiosity. Decision making was measured by the classic trolley trilemma in which a participant could “push” a person to save the lives of more people which is considered a utilitarian judgment. Alternatively, they could “switch” a track to save the lives of more people (“indirect”), or do nothing (“inaction”), both of which are considered deontological. Consistent with the literature showing more utilitarian judgments in the second language, English participants preferred the push option, whereas Persian participants favored the inaction option. L2 Arabic participants more often chose the indirect option. However, participants’ religiosity moderated this effect of language context. Although L2 Arabic participants’ choices were not influenced by religiosity, higher religiosity in the L2 English and L1 Persian groups was associated with more deontological choices.
Positionality and self-reflexivity: Backyard qualitative research in Palestine
Authors: Snounu Yasmin
Published: July 2021

Conducting qualitative, critical ethnographical research on disability in Palestine requires deep self-reflexivity, exploring positionality while claiming authorship. As a Palestinian conducting backyard research, I explored ways to conceptualize disability in light of language and macro factors related to Israeli occupation practices. While conducting interviews and observing, I learned to appreciate the advantages of being an insider and an outsider, and to be aware of the disadvantages of being both. Positionality and self-reflexivity helped me focus on my participants’ voices. Through exploring disability in Palestinian higher education, I realized I was not only the representative of the collective knowledge, but I was also reflecting on how my research was creating indigenous discourse and decolonizing methodologies that challenged being politically correct. This was especially true when using certain acceptable language and content in Western academic discourse. Positionality and reflection on my own feelings, as an outsider and an insider at the same time, were an essential part of the research, especially when participants were addressing questions on lived experiences, content, language, and concepts to use when describing macro and micro-related factors causing physical disabilities.
Counterfactual Thinking in Sustainable Tourism Context
Authors: Yilmaz Semih , Kim Hany , Ko Yongjae
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the emotional and behavioral potential of counterfactual thinking within sustainable tourism. Despite the growing interest in the determinants of sustainable tourist behavior, studies hardly seek detailed cognitive explanations. Furthermore, use of selective samples, survey techniques or other data-driven methods prevent existing frameworks from establishing causal linkages to attitudes or behavior. Across two experimental studies, counterfactual thinking—a goal-oriented cognitive process—was investigated with respect to environmental attitudes and behavioral improvement. Findings provided evidence for the utility of counterfactuals in the sustainable tourism domain. Feelings for the environment of a destination may change, and intentions for sustainable behavior may improve as a consequence of counterfactual thoughts. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed for sustainable tourism and environmental behavior.
Uncertainty, Possibility, and Causal Power in QCA
Authors: Rutten Roel
Published: July 2021

Uncertainty undermines causal claims; however, the nature of causal claims decides what counts as relevant uncertainty. Empirical robustness is imperative in regularity theories of causality. Regularity theory features strongly in QCA, making its case sensitivity a weakness. Following qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) founder Charles Ragin’s emphasis on ontological realism, this article suggests causality as a power and thus breaks with the ontological determinism of regularity theories. Exercising causal powers makes it possible for human agents to achieve an outcome but does not determine that they will. The article explains how QCA’s truth table analysis “models” possibilistic uncertainty and how crisp sets do this better than fuzzy sets. Causal power is at the heart of critical realist philosophy of science. Like Ragin, critical realism suggests empirical analysis as merely describing underlying causal relationships. Empirical statements must be substantively interpreted into causal claims. The article is critical of “empiricist” QCA that infers causality from the robustness of set relationships.
Imaging features of Robert’s uterus: Case series of a rare Mullerian duct anomaly
Authors: Ballabh Saket , Simon Betty , Ebenezer Emily Divya , John Reetu A , Chandramohan A
Published: July 2021

The diagnosis of Mullerian duct anomaly is crucial because of strong association with infertility, endometriosis and miscarriage. Robert’s uterus is a rare variant of septate uterus. Patients present with recurrent abdominal pain and severe dysmenorrhoea. Magnetic resonance imaging is the investigation of choice. In this case series, we present the imaging features of four such cases.
Racism and persistent disparities: Difficult conversations on the road to equity
Authors: Barenboim Hernan E , Fraser Kathryn , Hood Watson Kristen , Ring Jeffrey
Published: July 2021

The convergence of the major social events of the COVID 19 epidemic and the racial protests around the George Floyd killing spurred many conversations and calls to action for racial justice. The Behavioral Science Forum of 2020 invited a plenary presentation to discuss guidelines for medical education institutions to improve their anti-racism curricula. The plenary aimed to put forward the personal experiences of family medicine faculty contributing to dismantling racism in their institutions. Presenters provided (1) a breakdown of the step by step process of addressing these issues with faculty, residents, and staff, (2) guidelines for improving recruitment and retention of diverse student populations, and (3) small group breakouts and a subsequent discussion forum for participants to bring their experiences into the conversation and develop their personal call to action. The wrap-up discussion and “Zoom chat” yielded emotional responses and specific ideas for participants and other faculty in medical education to do their part in developing anti-racism curricula.
Sustaining Public–Private Partnerships for Public Service Provision Through Democratically Accountable Practices
Authors: Onyoin Moses , Bovis Christopher H.
Published: July 2021

Despite the multiple stakeholder-centered complexities involved, the public–private partnership (PPP) modality is increasingly the vehicle of choice for the provision of public services in the developing world. This article asks how PPPs might overcome sustainability challenges in a meaningful way while examining which stakeholder-centered interventions are effective in facilitating rather than undermining the continuity of the partnership operations. We draw on the notion of democratic accountability and an in-depth qualitative sector-level case study in Uganda. The findings underscore the primacy of practices that help to reduce stakeholder information asymmetry, increase partnerships’ procedural legitimacy, and improve the understanding of substantive partnership outcomes.
Risk assessment of COVID-19 based on a new structure of neural fuzzy probabilistic model
Authors: Sabahi Farnaz
Published: July 2021

The risk assessment of the COVID-19 infection can save so many lives, reduce treatment costs, and increase public health. The unknown nature of the COVID-19 infection, the high impreciseness of available information, and not simply recognizing the relevant factors and their effectiveness may cause overestimating and underestimating of factors. This paper puts forward a development of a model with fewer limitations that are more consistent with progressive knowledge about COVID-19. Dealing with the situation of updating the statistical dataset daily, the proposed approach can effectively use the subjectivity inherent in the fuzzy probability interpretation of risk factors using expert knowledge in addition to the statistical dataset. Second, to this uncertainty handling improvement, a specificity-based parameter learning based on the learning network is also added to deal with the complexity aspect of the COVID-19 infection. The learning process helps the proposed structure better adjust the effectiveness of factors. From the achieved results, it is verified that people with advanced age, those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer, and those having cancer treatments are at higher risk of death if they are infected by COVID-19. Undoubtedly, for vaccination, these three groups should be considered in order to prevent death situations.
Diagnosis of Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Population
Authors: Mahomva Chengetai , Liu Yi‐Chun Carol , Raol Nikhila , Anne Samantha
Published: July 2021

Objective

To determine the incidence of auditory neuropathy spectrum disorder (ANSD) and its risk factors among the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) population from 2009 to 2018 in the Pediatric Health Information System database.

Study Design

Retrospective national database review.

Setting

Population‐based study.

Methods

The Pediatric Health Information System database was queried to identify patients ≤18 years old with NICU admission and ANSD diagnosis. Patient demographics, jaundice diagnosis, use of mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, furosemide, and/or aminoglycosides were extracted. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess trends in incidence. Chi‐square analysis was used to assess differences between patients with and without ANSD. Logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with ANSD.

Results

From 2009 to 2018, there was an increase in (1) NICU admissions from 14,079 to 24,851 (P <. 001), (2) total ANSD diagnoses from 92 to 1847 (P =. 001), and (3) annual total number of patients with ANSD and NICU admission increased from 4 to 16 (P =. 005). There was strong correlation between the increases in total number of NICU admissions and total ANSD diagnoses over time (R = 0.76). The average ANSD incidence was 0.052% with no statistically significant change over 10 years. When compared with all NICU admissions, children with ANSD had a higher association with use of furosemide (P <. 001) and ventilator (P <. 001).

Conclusion

Despite a statistically significant increase in NICU admissions and total ANSD diagnosis, the incidence of ANSD in the NICU population has not increased from 2009 to 2018. Furosemide and mechanical ventilator use were associated with increased likelihood of ANSD.
Videostroboscopy and Voice Profile in Long‐Term Combination Inhaler Users With Obstructive Lower Airway Disease
Authors: Krishnan Neethu V. , Pujary Kailesh , Bhandarkar Ajay M. , Devadas Usha , Magazine Rahul
Published: July 2021

Objective

Dysphonia is one of the most common side effects of long‐term inhaler therapy containing corticosteroids in asthma or asthma–chronic obstructive pulmonary disease overlap (ACO) patients. This common, often reversible side effect is due to the structural changes in the vocal folds resulting from steroid deposition. This study determines the structural changes and voice profile of patients on long‐term inhaler therapy by videostroboscopy and perceptual voice profile analysis. It also determines the duration, formulation, and drug delivery system producing the least side effects during therapy.

Study Design

Prospective case‐control study.

Setting

Tertiary care hospital.

Methods

In total, 196 patients diagnosed with moderate to severe asthma or ACO were divided into cases (patients on at least 6‐month combination inhaler therapy) and controls (newly diagnosed patients not on inhaler therapy) and recruited in the study. They were assessed by videostroboscopy for structural changes and GRBAS (grade of hoarseness, roughness, breathiness, asthenia, and strain) perceptual scale for voice profile changes.

Results

The prevalence of dysphonia was significantly higher in cases (62.2%) than controls (27.6%). Prevalence of laryngeal structural changes and voice profile changes were higher in cases. The prevalence of dysphonia and structural changes among cases was much lower when a spacer was used (P <. 001).

Conclusion

This study adds evidence to the long‐term side effects of combination inhaler therapy containing corticosteroids on the larynx as demonstrated by videostroboscopy and perceptual voice profile analysis. It also propagates the use of spacers in drug delivery to reduce the prevalence of side effects during long‐term inhaler therapy.
Barriers to Receiving Necessary Hearing Care Among US Children
Authors: Su‐Velez Brooke M. , Khoury Habib , Azar Shaghauyegh S. , Shapiro Nina L. , Bhattacharyya Neil
Published: July 2021

Objective

We aim to clarify the national scope of unmet pediatric hearing care needs and identify specific barriers to hearing care.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study of a nationally representative data set.

Setting

This study is based on the combined 2016 and 2017 National Survey of Children’s Health. This survey covers the physical and emotional health, access to care, and social context of US children and adolescents aged 0 to 17 years.

Methods

Analysis of parent‐reported responses of children’s hearing status, access to care, and perceived barriers.

Results

Overall, 0.3% (n = 206,200) of US children surveyed reported needing hearing care, which was not received. A further 1.3% (n = 934,000) reported deafness or problems with hearing, and of these, 6.4% (n = 60,000) reported not receiving necessary hearing care. Rates of insurance coverage between children with deafness/hearing problems and the general population were similar (91.7% vs 93.9%); however, deaf or hard‐of‐hearing children with unmet hearing care needs were more likely to be from non‐White backgrounds (P =. 009) and to lack health insurance coverage (P =. 001). Rates of unfulfilled hearing care by reason were as follows: 57.5% without eligibility for the service, 45.4% reporting the service was not available in their area, 53.7% with difficulty obtaining an appointment, and 53.5% reporting issues with cost.

Conclusion

Over 200,000 children annually do not receive necessary hearing‐related care despite high rates of insurance coverage, and nearly 60,000 of these children are deaf or hard of hearing. Cost, eligibility for and distribution of services, and timely appointments are the primary barriers to hearing health care.