bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sustainability in home garden interventions to improve food security: Results, challenges, and future directions
Authors: Hernandez Claudia , Dominguez-Hernandez Elisa , Dominguez Hernadez Martha Elena
Published: February 2022

Food and nutrition security (FNS) is a priority for human development since different facets of malnutrition still prevail in many parts of the world. Home garden interventions (HGI) have been proposed to improve FNS, generally obtaining positive results. This review aimed to evaluate reports of HGI, discussing their characteristics and outcomes in terms of three sustainability dimensions (social, environmental, and economic). A total of 40 papers (n-number of papers) were included, mainly published since 2009. According to literature review, measurement, or discussion of economic (productivity, n=20) and social (diet improvement, n=33) outcomes has taken precedence over environmental ones (agrodiversity, n=15) in HGI’s impact assessment (IA). Furthermore, sustainability has not been assessed beyond the continuity of the proposed changes (n=5). Future HGI should apply Systemic-Transdisciplinary approaches with adequate metrics and multidimensional IA methodologies linking FNS and sustainable development. This would allow a contextualisation of the research, establishing the current situation of the study system and identifying precise needs. Also, it would be possible to identify and monitor trade-offs and synergies of the intervention. Such approach would generate a strong body of scientific evidence and awareness of the benefits of a sustainable agricultural system in the prevention and treatment of the double burden of malnutrition (hidden hunger and overweight/obesity).
Inequalities of singular values and unitarily invariant norms for sums and products of matrices
Authors: Zhao Jianguo
Published: February 2022

In this work, we investigate inequalities of singular values and unitarily
invariant norms for sums and products of matrices. First, we give an another
more concise and clear proof to inequality obtained by Chen and Zhang [6,
Theorem 5]. Then, we establish an inequality for singular values. In
addition, we also give a singular values inequality for sums and products of
matrices. As applications of this inequality, we present some unitarily
invariant norms inequalities.
Stability analysis of a complex four species food-web model
Authors: Mondal Ashok , Pal A.K. , Samanta G.P.
Published: February 2022

This paper aims to study the dynamical behaviours of a four dimensional food web system consisting of a bottom prey, two middle predators and a superpredator(top predator) with Holling Type I and Type II functional responses. A system of four differential equations has been proposed and analyzed. Positivity, boundedness and extinction criteria of the system are studied. We have discussed the existence of various equilibrium points and stability of the system at these equilibrium points. We also explore the system undergoes a Hopf-bifurcation around interior equilibrium point for a parametric values which has very significant ecological impacts in this work. Computer simulation are carried out to validate our analytical findings. The biological implications of analytical and numerical findings are discussed critically.
The characterizations of distances from Bloch functions to some Möbius invariant spaces by high order derivatives
Authors: Sun Yu , Liu Bin , Liu Jinlin
Published: February 2022

We characterized the distances from Bloch functions to some M?bius invariant
spaces by high order derivatives. Moreover, the boundedness and compactness
of the products of composition and differentiation operators from the Bloch
space to the closure of some M?bius invariant spaces are characterized.
Note on weakly 1-absorbing primary ideals
Authors: Almahdi Fuad , Tamekkante Mohammed , Koam Ali
Published: February 2022

An ideal I of a commutative ring R is called a weakly primary ideal of R if
whenever a,b ? R and 0 ? ab ? I, then a ? I or b ? ?I. An ideal I of R is
called weakly 1-absorbing primary if whenever nonunit elements a, b, c ? R
and 0 ? abc ? I, then ab ? I or c ? ?I. In this paper, we characterize
rings over which every ideal is weakly 1-absorbing primary (resp. weakly
primary). We also prove that, over a non-local reduced ring, every weakly
1-absorbing primary ideals is weakly primary.
On τ-bounded spaces and hyperspaces
Authors: Beshimov R.B. , Georgiou D.N. , Mamadaliev N.K.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we prove facts and properties on ?-bounded spaces, which are
introduced in [10]. More precisely, we prove that an arbitrary product of
?-bounded spaces is ? bounded and vice versa, and that the ?-bounded
property is preserved by ?-continuous maps. In particular, continuous maps
preserve ?-bounded spaces. Moreover, we investigate the behavior of the
minimal tightness and functional tightness of topological spaces under the
influence of an exponential functor of finite degree. It is proved that this
functor preserves the functional tightness and the minimal tightness of
compact sets.
A general inequality for pointwise semi-slant warped products in nearly Kenmotsu manifolds
Authors: Uddin Siraj , Altalhi Ashwaq , Alluhaibi Nadia
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we prove that every pointwise semi-slant warped product submanifold M = NT xf N? in a nearly Kenmotsu manifold ?M satisfies the following inequality: ||h||2 ? 2n2 (1 + 10/9 cot2?)(|| ??(lnf)||2-1), where n2 = dimN?, ??(ln f) is the gradient of ln f and ||h|| is the length of the second fundamental form of M. The equality and special cases of the inequality are investigated.
Existence of solutions for weighted p(t)-Laplacian mixed Caputo fractional differential equations at resonance
Authors: Guezane Lakoud , Ashyralyev Allaberen
Published: February 2022

Using Mawhin?s coincidence degree theory, we investigate the existence of
solutions for a class of weighted p(t)-Laplacian boundary value problems at
resonance and involving left and right Caputo fractional derivatives. An
example is provided to illustrate the main existence results.
Representation of solutions to fuzzy linear conformable differential equations
Authors: Yang Taoyu , Wang Jinrong , O’Regan Donal
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we study fuzzy linear conformable differential equations using
the generalized fuzzy conformable fractional differentiability concept. We
give an explicit representation of q(1)- differentiable and
q(2)-differentiable solutions for appropriate differential equations. Finally,
we give some examples to illustrate our theoretical results.
Interpolating sesqui harmonic slant curve in generalized Sasakian space form
Authors: Iqbal Mohd , Hui Shyamal , Yadav Sarvesh
Published: February 2022

In this article, we discuss interpolating sesqui-harmonic slant curves in
generalized Sasakian space form and find the necessary and sufficient
conditions for slant curves to be interpolating sesquiharmonic. Next, we
study sesqui minimal slant curves in generalized Sasakian space form. In
particular we give an example of interpolating sesqui-harmonic slant curve
in Sasakian space form. Our paper generalizes the results of the papers [8,
16, 20].
Durrmeyer-type generalization of μ-Bernstein operators
Authors: Kajla Arun , Mohiuddine S.A. , Alotaibi Abdullah
Published: February 2022

In the present manuscript, we consider ?-Bernstein-Durrmeyer operators
involving a strictly positive continuous function. Firstly, we prove a
Voronovskaja type, quantitative Voronovskaja type and Gr?ss-Voronovskaja
type asymptotic formula, the rate of convergence by means of the modulus of
continuity and for functions in a Lipschitz type space. Finally, we show
that the numerical examples which describe the validity of the theoretical
example and the effectiveness of the defined operators.
Investigation of selective leaching conditions of ZnO, ZnFe2O4 and Fe2O3 in electric arc furnace dust in HNO3
Authors: Zoraga Mert , Yucel Tugba , Ilhan Sedat , Kalpakli Ahmet
Published: February 2022

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) includes mainly Zn, Fe, Pb, Ca and Mn-bearing compounds. Thus, EAFD is classified as a hazardous waste. The dissolution behavior of Zn- and Fe-bearing compounds in EAFD in nitric acid solutions was investigated in this work. The composition of Zn- and Fe-bearing compounds in the EAFD was determined as 28.58, 37.96 and 11.33 % for ZnO, ZnFe2O4 and Fe2O3, respectively. The effect of stirring speed, temperature and HNO3 concentration on the dissolution rate of ZnO, ZnFe2O4 and Fe2O3 were investigated and optimum leaching conditions determined. While ZnO was dissolved rapidly, the dissolution rate of ZnFe2O4 increased with increasing temperature and HNO3 concentration. Fe2O3 was not soluble in 0.5 M HNO3 solution at 40?C, whereas it was dissolved completely in 4 M HNO3 solution at 80?C.
Correlation of the solubility of solid hydrocarbons in supercritical CO2 using different equations of state and mixing rules
Authors: Setoodeh Narjes , Ameri Abolhasan
Published: February 2022

The supercritical extraction process is a technique that has increasingly been applied in various industries in recent years. Solubility determination in the supercritical region is the key feature for this process. However, high expenses and time consuming experiments for this task obligates the need for process modeling. In this study, a thermodynamic model is proposed to correlate the solubility of solid hydrocarbons, namely, 1-hexadecanol, 1-octadecanol, anthracene, benzoin, fluorene, hexamethylbenzene, mandelic acid, naphthalene, palmitic acid, phenanthrene, propyl 4-hydroxybenzoate, pyrene and stearic acid in supercritical conditions, using Peng?Robinson (PR) and Soave?Redlich?Kwong (SRK) equations of state with one-parameter van der Waals (vdW1) and two-parameters (vdW2) and covolume dependent (CVD) mixing rules. For the above combination of equations of state and mixing rules, binary interaction parameters were determined, utilizing the differential evolution optimization strategy. The validity of the model was assessed by comparing the experimental solubility data with the results obtained from thermodynamic model based on average absolute relative deviation (AARD). An empirical correlation was proposed for the correlation of the solid solubilities in supercritical CO2. For each compound, the constants of this equation were obtained in such a manner to correlate the solubility at different temperatures and pressures.
Analysis of Geography Attainments in the Social Sciences Curriculum of Turkey According to the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy.
Authors: BÜKEN RUŞEN , ARTVİNLİ EYÜP
Published: February 2022

"The purpose of this study is to examine and compare geography attainment targets in
the 6th and 7th grade Social Studies Curriculum according to the Revised Bloom’s
Taxonomy. Document analysis, one of the qualitative research methods, was used.
The 6th and 7th grade geography attainment targets of the 2018 Social Studies
Curriculum were analysed using a descriptive analysis technique. Twenty-two
attainment targets for geography in the Social Studies Curriculum were examined
using the Revised Bloom’s Taxonomy. It has been concluded that geography
attainment targets in the Social Studies Curriculum of Turkey are generally at the
lower level of thinking or cognition. This study reveals that metacognitive levels are not
reflected for geography in the Turkish Social Sciences curriculum. Paying attention to
these metacognitive criteria during curriculum updates may contribute to the
development of high-level cognitive skills for students. In this way, teachers can focus
on higher-level critical thinking skills in geography in secondary schools."
Weaning Practices Impact Factors and Outcomes: Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Al Harthi Hasina , Al Jufaili Fathiya , Al Ubaidani Salwa Ali , Al Awaidy Salah T.
Published: February 2022

Objective: Numerous policies and initiatives have been set up in hospitals and health centers supported by the Ministry of Health (MOH) in Oman, to comply with international guidelines on breastfeeding and supplementary breastfeeding of infants and children. Highlight maternal practices in breastfeeding and weaning will exemplify the gap between maternal knowledge and real practice. The objective of the study was to explore the practices related to weaning and its relation to child weight and hemoglobin level. Methods: The study used a cross-sectional design between September 2018 and February 2019. Pretested form used to collect data from mothers of 9 to 13-month-old children attending an immunization clinic. Collected data included; demographic data, breastfeeding history, and complementary feeding practices. Anthropometric measurement and blood sampling for hemoglobin (Hb) levels. Results: A total of 181 children was enrolled. Exclusive breastfeeding for six months was reported in 9.9% (n=18) of the sample. The majority of mothers started with starch/cereal 48.1% (n=87) as their first supplementary diet. However, we found that 28.2% (n=51) began using commercial foods. Moreover, 21.7% (n=39) provided commercial food as a main daily snack. The daily food group was composed of 58% cereal (n=105). Blood was collected on 87.8% (n=159) of the children for a Hb concentration test. The mean Hb level found was 10.8 (SD: 0.99). Protein consumption was not significantly related to the Hb level (p = 0.26). However, it was related to the nutritional status of the child (p=0.013), with all children whose waste did not consume a protein source most of the time. Conclusions: While the MOH efforts are well documented, there are still areas where community enforcement is inadequate. Findings: The employment of mothers had a significant influence on the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, and the nutritional status of infants and infants was highly dependent on protein intake in the diet. Efforts should be made to identify knowledge gaps, and barriers faced by mothers.
Assessment of the Efficiency of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System in the Industrial Sectors
Authors:   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Poroshin A.A. , Bobrinev E.V. ,   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Udavtsova E.Yu. ,   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia, Kondashov A.A. ,   FGBU VNIIPO EMERCOM of Russia
Published: February 2022

An analytical model for a comprehensive assessment of the state of the occupational health and safety management system in the industrial sectors is proposed. International and domestic experience of the scientific research is analyzed. It is determined that the occupational risk assessments are divided into a priori and a posteriori components. Under the assessment of a priori risk is understood its prognostic assessment. A posteriori risk assessment involves the analysis of a set of interrelated indicators of the health status of employees with their subsequent comparison in dynamics or with any other indicators. The model was developed using the Bayesian approach, which takes as a basis the a priori value of a complex indicator for assessing the state of the occupational health and safety management system and determines the changes in this indicator. The final assessment of the efficiency of the occupational health and safety management system is built using the intervals of the Harrington function. Numerical calculations were made to assess the efficiency of the occupational health and safety management system for a number of industries for the period 2015–2020. Calculations showed that a significant improvement in the state of the occupational health and safety management system occurred in the light, automotive, oil and gas and woodworking industries (comprehensive assessment indicator at the level of 0.7). The state of the occupational health and safety management system in the coal mining and petrochemical industries has practically not changed (the indicator of a comprehensive assessment remained at the level of 0.5). Proposed approach can be applied to assess the efficiency of the occupational health and safety management system in other areas of economic activity, as well as in the systems of ensuring safety.
Kecocokan Jenis Inang dan Pemberian Pupuk Kandang terhadap Pertumbuhan Semai Cendana (Santalum album L. )
Authors: Kuswanto Kuswanto
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this research was find out the effects of three host plants and three levels of natural fertilizer on sandalwood seedling growth. This natural relationship between host plant and sandalwood seedling was conducted recognize the characteristic of seedling growth was studied. The parameters were height, diameter, and haustoria number.The research was conducted in factorial experiment arranged in CRD. The treatment consisted of two factors, namely effect of host plant and stable fertilizer. The first factor consisted four kinds of host plants were : a/ control; b/ Cabe rawit ; c/ Turi; and d/ Lamtoro, while the second factor were four levels of stable fertilizer : a/ control; b/ 200 g/pot; c/ 300 g/pot, and d/ 400g/pot.Three replicates was employed in the research.The result of the research indicated that most of different host plant and stable fertilizer treatments were significant effect on sandalwood seedling growth. After five months, the highest growth of Sandalwood seedling treatment with turi and stable fertilizer 400 g/pot was 44.92 cm , and 38.41 cm with host plant cabe rawit and stable fertilizer 300 g/pot. While the lowest was 12.80 cm produced by control (without host plant and fertilizer ). The diameter growth of sandalwood seedling treatment with turi and stable fertilizer 400 g/pot was 3,09 mm, and 3,30 mm with cabe rawit and stable fertilizer 400 g/pot. The houstoria number of sandalwood seedling treatment with turi was 75 and 71 with cabe rawit. In terms of determined the relationship between Sandalwood and its host plants were first turi , second cabe rawit, and lamtoro gung.
Uji Biologis Iodium dari Rumput Laut (Eucheuma cottonii L.) dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Kemampuan Belajar Tikus Percobaan
Authors: Astawan Made , Wresdiyati Tutik , Komari Komari , Lasmiati Ni Nengah
Published: February 2022

Intelligent is one of human quality factors that can be influenced by nutrition. Iodine is one of trace element nutrition that necessary for intelligent level. The purpose of this research was to learn the effect of seaweed as iodine source on rats learning ability. The rats were divided into four groups based on the ratio: A (without potassium iodide/KI-seaweed flour (SF) 0%), B (with KI-SF 0%), C (without KI-SF 5%) and D (without KI-SF 10%). The ratio had no significant effect on rats growth, but significant on iodine retention, neuron cell number and rats learning ability. Iodine retention value had a positive correlation with the neuron cell number. The neuron cell number of group A, B, C and D were 72.83, 89.33, 93.92 and 100.83 cells per view area, respectively. The number of neuron cells gave a significant influence on rats learning ability. Total time needed by the rats in food retrieval test for the group A, B, C and D was 57.84, 38.17, 33.39 and 20.55 seconds, respectively. The more neuron cell number, the more learning ability.
Peningkatan Produksi Asam Glutamat Corynebacterium glutamicum dengan Penambahan Penisilin pada Fase Logaritmik
Authors: Mursyanti Exsyupransia , Lestari Sri
Published: February 2022

One way to increase production and excretion of glutamic acid was to increase cell's permeability. Penicillin has a potency to change the cell permeability by inhibitng cell wall synthesis. However, penicillin treatment was effective only for actively dividing cells. Therefore, such a research was done to study on the time of penicillin treatment to the medium, so that it can be found optimal cell biomass to produce maximum glutamic acid. The cell utilized in the research was Corynebacterium glutamicum IFO 12168 that was in batch cultured. Concentration of penicillin added was 5 unit/ml and treated at incubation periods 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 hours, respectively, after inoculation. The steps of the research were as follows purification test, growth pattern, and glutamic acid production. Parameters measured at the end of the fermentation were cell biomass, reduced sugar concentration, medium’s pH, and glutamic acid concentration. Data was analysed utilizing Anova and the significant difference between treatments were tested using Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The growh pattern shown that logarithmic phase was reached at 2 to 22 hrs of incubation periods, therefore the treatment of penicillin was given at 12, 14, 16, 18, and 20 hrs of incubation periods. Cell biomass produced was corelate with the concentration of reduced sugar in the medium. Measured pH of the medium at the end of the fermentation was on the pH range for the growth of C. glutanicum. The research concluded that Penicillin treatment was able to increase significantly the glutamic acid production compatred to control treatment. Time accuracy of penicillin treatment to produce maximum glutamic acid (154319,60 µg/ml) was on 18 hrs of incubation period.
Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Buah Mbosi (Dysoxylum gaudichandianum (A.Juss) Miq.) dan Penapisan Senyawa Kimianya
Authors: Praptiwi Praptiwi , Harapini Mindarti
Published: February 2022

Mbosi (Dysoxylum gaudichandianum (A.Juss) Miq.) belongs to Meliaceae family, Its potential bioactivity had not been known although the other plants from the same family had been known as natural insectiside or medicinal plants. Phytochemical screening showed that mbosi fruit contained fat, fatty acid, sterol, triterpenoide, tannin, peroxide sugar, alkaloid, steroid glycoside and flavonoid. Identification of mbosi fruit chemical compounds by GC-MS showed that it contained 16 compounds. Compounds with the concentration more than 5 % were butyl cellosolve (11.1%), erythritol (8.48%), glycerol (10.32%), hexadecanioc acid palmitinic ester (16.2%), oleic acid (65.3%) and ethyl oleat (6.2%).  In-vitro antibacterial test on innoculated Mueller Hinton Agar to seven bacteria isolates (Salmonella typhimurium, S. typhii, Eschechiria coli ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas sp., Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25922, S. epidermidis, and Bacilus subtilis)  showed that 20% methanol extract  inhibit only the growth of  Staphylococcus aureus.
Peluang Penggunaan Spermatozoa Epididimis Yang Dikoleksi Setelah Kematian Sebagai Sumber Sel Gamet pada Anjing
Authors: Puja I Ketut , Trilaksana IGN , Lontoh Rudy
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of postmortem time on percentage of life epididymal sperm from postmortem canine caudae epididymides. A total of 9 dog were used and divided into three group. T0 was control group, T1, 3 hours postmortem and T2, 6 hours postmortem. This way, samples were obtained at different times postmortem. Sperm were extracted from the caudae epididymis by means of cuts. The result showed that the percentage of life sperm were 67,16 ± 5.67(T0), 46.33± 5.60 (T1) and 24.00 ± 4.35 respectively. We could appreciate that percentage of life was affected by postmortem time. There was significant decrease life sperm recovered from epididymides postmortem (P<0.01). In conclusion, epididymal sperm from dog undergo decrease of percentage of life, but it could stay acceptable within many hours postmortem. We intepreted these data to indicate that it may still be possible to obtain viable spermatozoa many hours later.
Komposisi Vegetasi Mangrove di Muara Sungai Siganoi Sorong Selatan - Papua
Authors: Rahawarin Yohanes Y.
Published: February 2022

The research was aimed to figure out the structure and composition of mangrove species in the delta of Siganoi River, Inanwatan District, South Sorong Regency, Papua. Belt transect was used and the data was analyzed using formula according to Clintron and Novelly. Research showed that ten species (seven genus) from five families were found in this area. At tree and sapling stages, Sonneratia alba performed the highest density with 324,1 trees/ha and 765,5 sapling/ha respectively, while at seedling stage Aegiceras corniculatumc with 69 seedling/ha. The highest frequency was found on trees and sapling of Sonneratia alba 0,966 and 0,431 respectevely. At the seedling stage, the highest frequency was found on species Aegiceras corniculatum (3970).
Klorofil Floresen dari Spesies C3 dan C4 dalam Responnya terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan
Authors: Hamim Hamim
Published: February 2022

Klorofil floresen fotosintesis dari dua spesies C3 (gandum dan kale) dan dua spesies C4 (Echinochloa cursgallii dan Amaranthus caudatus) dianalisis dalam responnya terhadap cekaman kekeringan di rumah kaca. Tumbuhan ditanam dalam pot berdiameter 15 cm selama sebulan kemudian diberi perlakuan kekeringan dengan penundaan penyiraman hingga tumbuhan layu. Kuantum efisiensi maksimum dari sistem cahaya II fotosintesis (Fv/Fm), quenching foto kimia (qP) dan non-fotokimia (qN) dianalisis untuk mengetahui keadaan fotosintesis tumbuhan selama cekaman kekeringan. Walaupun tidak ada pola yang jelas dalam hal status air dari spesies C3 dan C4, cekaman kekeringan yang diberikan menyebabkan penurunan kadar air medium (MWC), potensial air (WP) dan potensial osmotik (OP) semua spesies.  Gandum mamiliki nilai WP dan OP yang paling rendah sementara E. crusgallii memiliki nilai yang paling tinggi akibat cekaman kekeringan. Kekeringan menyebabkan penurunan laju fotosintesis pada semua spesies yang ditandai dengan penurunan qP, namun hanya kale dan A. caudatus yang mengalami peningkatan qN akibat cekaman kekeringan. Tetap stabilnya qP dari E. crusgallii pada awal cekaman mungkin berkaitan dengan mekanisme C4 yang dimiliki oleh spesies ini.  Penurunan Fv/Fm pada E. crusgallii pada periode akhir cekaman menunjukkan bahwa spesies ini mengalami fotoinhibisi disebabkan cekaman kekeringan.
Studi Perilaku Teritorial Burung Cangak Abu (Ardea cinerea Linn.) di Kebun Raya dan Kebun Binatang Gembiraloka Yogyakarta
Authors: Nugroho Wahyu , Djuwantoko Djuwantoko , Jati Wibowo N.
Published: February 2022

This study aim to see on ecological aspect of Cangak Abu specifically on its behavior in defending their terittory. This research was done from July to August 2004. Data collecting was done using territory mapping methods with three observation area (1st-3rd). One pair of Cangak Abu observed at each area. Cangak Abu showed some behavior such as vocalization, sound, visual display, visual display-sound, visual display-sound-shortflight, patroling flight and fighting. The territories on frist to third observation areas were OA : 9 m2; OA : 6 m2 and OA : 9 m2 respectively.
Kualitas Minyak Kelapa Hasil Fermentasi Saccharomyces cereviceae
Authors: Mursyanti Exsyupransia
Published: February 2022

One aspects of utilization of coconut fruit is its palm oil. Traditionally coconut oil was made by “klentik” method, which was time and energy consuming. The important thing in the production of coconut oil from its xanthan is the separation of protein from oil. One of separation methods is by creating low pH (acid) condition that is near to protein isoelectric point. This research objective was to determine the potency of Saccharomyces cereviceae, that has an optimum growth pH within the range of protein isoelectric point, to produce coconut oil. Three isolates of Saccharomyces were used, i.e. isolate A that was coming from alcohol industry (S. cereviceae strain Kyowa), isolate B that was natural type (isolated from fruits), and isolate C that was S. cereviceae in the form of powder (commercial isolate, Saf-instant). Coconut xanthan used in the research was prepared from old coconut fruits. Research stages including pure culture test of S. cereviceae, starter preparation, xanthan production, fermentation process, oil separation and heating. Quantitative and qualitative analyses were done for oil rendement, water content, free-fatty acid concentration, saponification number, iod number, and organoleptic test (color and aroma). The results showed that the quality of coconut oil produced by fermentation process was better than traditional way in term of rendement value, water content, saponification number, and iod number. This was supported also by organoleptic test that aroma and color of coconut oil from fermentation were more preferred by the panelists. Furthermore, the quality of oil produced by S. cereviceae fulfilled the standart stated by the Indonesian Department of Commerce (SII-1976) except for saponification number.
Eksplorasi Genom, terkuaknya misteri manusia (Kajian Buku)
Authors: Mursyanti Exsyupransia
Published: February 2022

Eksplorasi genom manusia yang terwadahi dalam Human Genom Project (HGP) telah berhasil mengidentifikasi keseluruhan genom (DNA) manusia dalam waktu 13 tahun (1990-2003), dua tahun lebih cepat dari yang ditargetkan (15 tahun). Karya yang spektakuler ini memberikan banyak informasi tambahan mengenai genom manusia. Genom manusia yang dahulu diperkirakan berukuran tiga milyar basa, ternyata tersusun atas 2,3 milyar nukleotida yang terdiri dari ±30.000 gen, 50% gen tersebut sudah diketahui fungsinya. Kromosom no.1 mengandung gen paling banyak (2.968 gen) sedangkan kromosom Y mengandung gen paling sedikit (231 gen). Selain itu, diinformasikan pula bahwa pembeda manusia yang satu dengan yang lain terletak pada tiga juta lokasi single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
Variasi Biokimia Genetik Populasi Ikan Betutu (Oxyeleotris marmorata, BLKr.) di Waduk Penjalin Brebes
Authors: Susanto Agus Hery , Suryaningsih Suhestri
Published: February 2022

Penjalin water reservoir in Brebes Regency, Central Java, is one of the habitats of the sand goby. A study on its genetic diversity using approaches of isozyme analysis was needed to support domestication of the fish in this area. This study was aimed at the biochemical-genetic variation of sand goby population in Penjalin water reservoir based on esterase (EST), peroxidase (PER), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), aspartate amino-transferase (AAT), and acid phosphatase (ACP) polymorphisms. Visualization of the isozymes was carried out employing horizontal electrophoretic technique with potato starch gel and buffer system of L-histidin monohydrate. Of the five isozymes, ACP was not well-visualized in all samples tested while the remaining four showed no polymorphisms. It could be concluded that there is no biochemical-genetic variation of sand goby population in Penjalin water reservoir based on isozymes of EST, PER, MDH, and AAT.
Eksplorasi dan Bioasai Berbagai Isolat Bacillus thuringiensis Lokal terhadap Larva Beberapa Jenis Serangga
Authors: Suryanto Dwi , Chairani Chairani , Rusika Deddy , Lubis Nita A. , Yurnaliza Yurnaliza
Published: February 2022

Nine isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis of North Sumatra have been isolated from soil and dead larvae of Plutella xylostella. Bioassay of these isolates to larva of Heliothis armigera, Plutella xylostella, Aedes aegypti, and Culex sp. showed that the isolates have different spectrum and ability in controlling insect larvae. Interestingly, TU1 has similar ability to that of Dipel (B. thuringiensis var kurstaki strain HD-7) in controlling Dipteran (A. aegypti and Culex sp.) and Lepidopteran (H. armigera and P. xylostella). The others were not effective to Dipteran, but have various abilities to kill Lepidopteran. This result indicated that local isolates of B. thuringiensis of North Sumatra were varied in ability to kill different larvae.
Toksisitas Ekstrak Kasar Bunga dan Daun Ketepeng Cina (Senna alata L. Roxb.) terhadap Larva Udang Artemia salina Leach
Authors: Soetjipto Hartati , Kristijanto A. Ign. , Asmorowati Rica Susy
Published: February 2022

Extract of Candlebush (Senna alata L. Roxb) flowers and leaves show toxicity effect on Artemia salina Leach. The crude extract was obtained by maceration method using methanol 80% and followed by partition into hexane, chloroform and ethylacetate. Data was analized using Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) Sub Sampling, that consisted of six treatments, five replications and three sub samples. To compare the differences between the mortality rater of A. salina, the Honestly Significant Differences (HSD) at 5% level of significance was used. Furthermore, to determine the LC50, the probit analysis was used. The results of this study show that the most effective toxin from all fractions of S. alata was the hexane fraction of the leaves extract. The LC50 of S. alata crude extract of leaves was 187,72 ppm (hexane fraction) and 290,34 ppm (EtOAc fraction). The crude extract of S. alata flowers toward A. salina were 210,77 ppm (hexane fraction) and 354,49 ppm (EtOAc fraction). In general, this study showed that all fractions which were tested had the toxic activity on A. salina.
Resistensi Kacang Tanah Transgenik yang Membawa Gen cp PStV Stabil Sampai Tujuh Generasi Silang-Dalam terhadap Peanut Stripe Virus
Authors: Hapsoro Dwi , Aswidinnoor Hajrial , Jumanto Jumanto , Suseno Rusmilah , Sudarsono Sudarsono
Published: February 2022

Penyakit bilur kacang tanah yang disebabkan oleh peanut stripe virus (PStV)merupakan salah satu penyakit utama pada pertanaman kacang tanah (Arachishypogaea L.). Penggunaan varietas tahan merupakan alternatif paling efektif untukmengatasi penyakit tersebut. Rekayasa genetika merupakan metode efektif untukmendapatkan varietas kacang tanah yang resisten PStV. Tujuan penelitian ini adalahuntuk (1) mengetahui respons tanaman kacang tanah transgenik yang membawa gen cpPStV terhadap infeksi PStV dan (2) menguji stabilitas transgen sampai tujuh generasisilang-dalam. Tanaman kacang tanah transgenik cv. Gajah generasi T0, T1, T2, T3, T5,T6, dan T7 diinokulasi secara mekanik dengan PStV. Terdapat tiga jenis respons kacangtanah transgenik terhadap infeksi PStV, yaitu resisten, recovery, dan rentan. Padatanaman resisten gejala tidak muncul. Pada tanaman recovery, gejala chlorotic ringmottle muncul pada satu daun atau lebih, selanjutnya gejala tidak tampak pada daundaunyang tumbuh kemudian. Pada tanaman rentan, gejala severe blotch muncul padasuatu daun, selanjutnya gejala tersebut tetap muncul pada seluruh daun yang tumbuhkemudian. Transgen cp PStV tetap stabil setelah mengalami tujuh generasi silangdalam.Sejumlah galur murni kacang tanah transgenik yang resisten PStV telahdiidentifikasi.
Studi Kepiting Mangrove di Delta Mahakam, Kalimantan Timur
Authors: Pratiwi Rianta
Published: February 2022

The research was carried out in July 2004 at Makaham Delta, East Kalimantan. Thisresearch observed the diversity and the distribution pattern of mangrove crabs atmuara Ilu, Kaely, Bayor, and Beji. There are 33 species consisting of 7 families and 6908individu of crabs found in this research. Most of the mangroves crabs are clumpdistributed. The research method by using frame transects 1 m2 x 1 m2 with 5 up to 10meters distance (based on the thickness of mangrove in those areas). The distributionpattern of crabs analyze by using Index Morisita according to Brower and Zar.
Model Pertumbuhan Populasi untuk Pengendalian Populasi Akasia Berduri (Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. Ex Del.) di Taman Nasional Baluran
Authors: Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: February 2022

The savannas in Baluran National Park have been severely invaded by Acacia nilotica. The invasion reduced grazing areas and created wildlife watching problems for tourists. Therefore, population control management should be developed. The aim of the study was to construct a population growth model in relation to the control of the population in the park. The model was an age structured one which consisted of seed class, age class <1 year, age class 1-<2 years, age class 2-<3 years, age class 3-<4 years, and age class 4 years. It was assumed that a temporary seed bank exists; there is no seed dormancy; seeds are produced by age class 4 years; and the number of seedlings is determined by available space. The population size was expressed as the number of individuals per hectare. The population control scenario included effects of complete elimination and partial elimination in the first year. Each of those was combined with seed harvesting. The total population growth pattern generated by the model was similar to the logistic one but with a bit oscillation before a stable population size was reached. More important parameters in the model were germination rate, seedling survival rate, number of seeds per individuals, maximum population size, and survival rate of age class 4. The simulation results showed that control measures of the population were effective when seed harvesting was carried out. A periodic partial elimination combined with seed harvesting might be useful. Seed harvesting should be applied every year to retard the growth and to prevent the spread of A. nilotica populations in the savannas.
Kajian Penanda Genetik Tarsius bancanus dan Tarsius spectrum dengan Sekuen D-Loop Parsial DNA Mitokondria
Authors: Widayanti Rini , Solihin Dedi Duryadi
Published: February 2022

The objective of this research was to study the specific genetic marker on D-loop region of Tarsius bancanus and Tarsius spectrum. The sequencing of PCR product using primer DLTARPROF on D-loop resulted in base sequence of 270 nts. Result of D-loop fragments sequencing was put on multiple alignment with other primates from Genbank with the aid of software Genetyc-Win Version 3.0 and Clustal W, and was analyzed using MEGA program version 3.1. The genetic distance was based on nucleotide D-loop, the smallest genetic distance was 0% and the biggest was 11.8% and the average was 2.3%. The phylogenetic tree using neighbor Joining Method based on some nucleotide sequence on D-loop region could not be used to differentiate between Tarsius bancanus and Tarsius spectrum.
Pengaruh Ragi dan Waktu Fermentasi terhadap Produksi Alkohol Secara Fermentasi Berbahan Baku Gaplek Ubi Kayu (Manihot utillisima)
Authors: Atmodjo P. Kianto
Published: February 2022

The research of the ragi and the fermentation time effect on alcohol production by cassava gaplek has been done. The aim of this research were to find out the best time fermentation and trade mark commercial ragi to produce alcohol. Time fermentation were 1 and 2 weeks. The ragi trade marks were NKL and MK. The result showed that the alcohol production was 15-17% in a week, and 18-20% in two week fermentation. The alcohol quantity which produced by both NKL and MK ragi were not significantly different.
Keragaman dan Penyebaran Benalu pada Tanaman Koleksi di Kebun Raya Cibodas, Jawa Barat
Authors: Uji Tahan , Sunaryo Sunaryo
Published: February 2022

A study on mistletoe has been carried out in Cibodas Botanical Garden,West Java. The aim of the study were to know mistletoe diversity which have attacked many collection plants species in the area. Result of the study indicated that there were 5 species mistletoe (i.e. Dendrophthoe pentandra, Scurrula oortiana, Macrosolen cochinchinensis, Lepeostegeres gemmiflorus and Viscum articulatum) and they attacked 91 collection plants species in Cibodas Botanical Garden. D. pentandra was reported as the most abudance mistletoe. Collection plants species of familes Moraceae and Myrtaceae were also reported as the highest of collection plants species have been parasited by mistletoe.
Inventarisasi Jenis dan Distribusi Habitat Rotan pada Hutan Dataran Tinggi dan Dataran Rendah di Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Arifin Yudi Firmanul
Published: February 2022

Rattans are spiny climbing palms in the Old World tropics and subtropics. Some species are the source of cane for the cane furniture industry in Indonesia. The large number of rattan species and their wide geographical range is matched by great ecological diversity. The restriction of rattan species to different climatic zones and altitudinal range suggests that these species may have precise climatic requirements and also altitudes. The research was conducted on upland and lowland of natural forest in South Kalimantan. The data collection used survey with transect method. Volume of rattans in upland forest was relatively lower than lowland forest. In altitudinal range in South Kalimantan, rattans were found from sea-level up to 870 m, the highest altitude record being held by Calamus javensis, Daemonorops micracantha, Calamus pilocellus, and Calamus sp. (rotan tunggal). While the lowest altitude record was occupied by Calamus trachycoleus. Rattans in natural forest require light intensity, humidity and temperature were 18– 65%, 60 – 70%, 28 – 33oC, respectively.
Fitoekstraksi Sianida pada Centrosema pubescens Benth yang Tumbuh di Limbah Tailing Terkontaminasi Sianida
Authors: Syarif Fauzia , Hidayati Nuril , Juhaeti Titi
Published: February 2022

Contamination of mined soil and water affects not only to agriculture system but alsofood chains and epidemiological problems. As soil metal can not be biodegraded,remediation of soil heavy metal risks has been a difficult and expensive goal. Presentlythere are several different strategies available for the clean up and restoration ofcontaminated soils. One approach to minimize risks from some toxic pollutants isphytoextraction using hyperaccumulator plants, known as phytoremediation. In thisresearch Centrosema pubescens was studied to examine its potency ashyperaccumulator against cyanide. Although cyanide is not categorized as heavymetal, its presence is considered as one of important toxic pollutants in theenvironments. Detoxification of cyanide (CN) contaminated soils and waters withplants seems to be a feasible option. Centrosema pubescens which proven tolerant anddominant in the CN contaminated environment was used in this research. The plantswere grown in tailing waste media added by 0, 10, 20 and 30 ppm CN. Different pHlevels were applied, i.e.+ 6 and +5. The results showed that the plants were capable ofgrowing under high level of CN. The results indicated that Centrosema pubescens canbe considered as high tolerance and potentially effective in accumulating CN, i.e up to3.564 ppm in roots and up to 3.564 ppm in shoot with concentration ratio (shoot/root)up to 1.13. The plants also indicated high tolerance by producing high biomass underhigh level of CN, i.e up to 36.517 g (under 20 ppm CN).
Respon Pertumbuhan Bibit Picrasma javanica Blume terhadap Intensitas Naungan dan Media Tanam
Authors: Setyowati Ninik , Utami Ning Wikan
Published: February 2022

Study on the growth response of Picrasma javanica Blume seedling to different shading intensities and medium was conducted at the Experimental Garden of Treub Laboratory, Research Centre for Biology, LIPI from June to December 2007. The research was arranged using Factorial in Completely Randomized Block Design with 2 factors and 5 replications. The first factor was shading intensities which were 0% (N0, without shading, average light intensities 39300 lux), 25% (N1, average light intensities 16430 lux), and 50% (N2, average light intensities 5867 lux), respectively and the second factor was medium (combinations of soil: manure:compost) with 6 levels were M1= 1:0:0, M2= 1:1:1, M3= 1:1:2, M4= 3:1:1, M5= 1:2:1, and M6= 2:1:1. The result showed that the N0 treatment (without shading) resulted the best growth response of Picrasma javanica Blume seedling, as showe in all parameters observed (plant height 27.11 cm; leaf number 15.57; diameter of trunk 4.32 mm; and root length of 15.97 cm, shoot dry weight of 1.762 g, root dry weight of 0.688 g and seedling quality index of 0.277). The growth media treatment of M5 (1-soil:2 manure:1 compost) showed the positive response on the growth of seedling better than other treatments and different with control (M1, soil media), with parameters were observed which was plant height 25.05 cm (M1= 19.10 cm); leaf number 16.53 (M1= 9.20); diameter of trunk 3.89 mm (M1= 2.76 mm); root lengh 15.23 cm (M1= 12.71 cm); shoot dry weight 1.58 g (M1= 0.663 g); root dry weight 0.51 g (M1= 0.221 g) and seedling quality index 0.220 (M1= 0.089). The combination treatment of N0 (without shading) and media M5 (1:2:1) gave the best response on the growth of Picrasma seedling (plant height 36.14 cm; leaf number 28.2; diameter of trunk 4.7 mm; and root length 16.7 cm, shoot dry weight 3 g and root dry weight 0.92 g).
Karakterisasi Genetik Kambing Gembrong dari Karangasem Bali Menggunakan DNA Mikrosatelit
Authors: Puja I Ketut , Sulabda I Nyoman
Published: February 2022

The present study was undertaken with primary objective to characterize of Gembrong goat breeds. It is essential to characterize the germplasm for intragenetic variability, which will help in planning for conservation strategy as well as genetic improvement. DNA Genome was isolated from hairs. Nine microsatellite were amflified by PCR. PCR product were run on 6% bis-Acrylamide gel in automated DNA sequencer. Flourescent signals from the dye-labeled microsatellite were detecting using STRand software. The result show that all markers (INRA005, INRA063, INRA023, ILSTS19, ILSTS87, SRCRSP8, MAF65, OarFCB20, and McM547) successfully amplified in Gembrong goat microsatellite loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 (INRA005) to 4 (ILSTS87). All the microsatellites investigated were found to be highly polymorphic, except INRA063. In total, 23 alleles were observed for the 9 microsatellite loci. The allele sizes ranged from 99 bp (OarFCB20) to 240bp (SRCRSP8). The study can be extended to include large many microsatellites in different chromosome location to validate the results.
The Life Cycle and Sensitivity of the Local Copepod, Apocyclops sp to Tributyltin Exposure
Authors: D. Sumilat, J. Rimper Inneke F.M. Rumengan,N.D. Rumampuk,
Published: February 2022

Uji toksisitas tributiltin secara akut telah dicobakan pada kopepoda tropis Apocyclops sp. yang diisolasi dari tambak Manembo-nembo Bitung, Sulawesi Utara. Kopepoda dikultur dalam kondisi laboratorium (25-27oC, 30 ppt dan tanpa penerangan) dengan pemberian mikroalga Nannochloropsis oculata sebagai pakan. Semua individu kopepoda yang digunakan sebagai hewan uji berasal dari sepasang induk jantan dan betina. Kopepoda untuk eksperimen tributiltin (TBT) diberi perlakuan dalam air laut dan selama eksperimen tidak diberi pakan, dan larutan stok TBT-Cl dilarutkan dalam aseton. Pengaruh starvasi (tanpa pemberian pakan) dan aseton diamati sebelum uji toksisitas TBT dilakukan. Setiap eksperimen, 10 kopepoda dewasa (5 jantan dan 5 betina) dari satu kohort dimasukkan ke dalam cawan petri (diameter 3 cm) berisi masing-masing 10 ml air laut. Ternyata perlakuan tanpa pemberian pakan tidak mempengaruhi kopepoda selama periode eksperimen. Dalam uji toksisitas TBT, hanya 3 individu yang dapat bertahan sampai akhir eksperimen (8 jam) walaupun dengan konsentrasi terendah (0.0001 ng.l-1). Kebanyakan individu telah mati sebelum 8 jam diekspos ke konsentrasi TBT 0.01 ng.l-1. Pada konsentrasi TBT yang lebih tinggi (0.1 dan 1 ng.l-1), tingkat kelulusan hidup kopepoda hanya 50% dalam waktu kurang dari satu jam, sedangkan kopepoda yang sisa masih hidup semuanya sebelum mati jam ke-4 yang diberi perlakukan. Dalam uji toksisitas ini, semua konsentrasi yang dicobakan ternyata lebih kecil dari rata-rata konsentrasi TBT di alam (10 ng.l-1). Kisaran konsentrasi TBT yang lebih lebar masih perlu diuji-cobakan untuk mengklarifikasi efek akut TBT agar dapat diperoleh konsentrasi untuk uji toksisitas secara kronis.