bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENENTUAN KADAR KATION DAN ANION PADA AIR INJEKSI DI WTIP (Water Treatment Injection Plant) PT.PERTAMINA EP ASSET 1 RANTAU FIELD
Authors: Asmah Nurul , Amri Yulida , Fajri Rahmatul
Published: December 2020

Analisis kadar kation dan anion pada air injeksi telah dilakukan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode titrasi. Hasil pengujian diperoleh kadar Ca2+ 92,18 mg/L, kadar Mg2+ 34,03 mg/L, kadar HCO3- 1627,20 mg/L, kadar SO42- 96,07 mg/L, dan kadar Cl- 6402,27 mg/L. Selain itu air injeksi mengandung CO2 bebas sebesar 49 mg/L. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian air injeksi mengandung kation yaitu Ca2+, Mg2+ dan anion Cl-, SO42-, dan HCO3-.
Проблема децентралізації управління військами (силами) в гібридній війні
Authors: Корендович В. С. , Чірікалов О. С.
Published: December 2020

Україна зіткнулася з гібридною агресією Російської Федерації. Початок війни активізував парадигму державного й військового управління і надав поштовх для трансформації та структурних зрушень у філософії управління військами (силами) та виховання військових лідерів. Створення системи управління військами (силами), яка б гармонічно поєднувала переваги централізованого та децентралізованого методів управління, потребує всебічного врахування найкращого військового досвіду, особливостей сучасної гібридної війни, а також виховання військових лідерів.У статті проаналізовано німецький досвід «тактики доручень» (Auftragstaktik) та запропоновані напрями вдосконалення управління військами й підрозділами шляхом запровадження заходів, які надають, з одного боку, певну свободу дій підлеглим на прояв ініціативи в непередбачуваних умовах бойової обстановки, а з другого – спрямовані на виховання військових лідерів, здатних ефективно вирішувати завдання в умовах сучасного збройного конфлікту.
Правові та організаційні засади формування державної політики у сфері оборонно-промислового комплексу України
Authors: Рижих В. М. , Богуцький П. П.
Published: December 2020

У статті розглядаються проблемні питання формування державної політики у сфері оборонно-промислового комплексу держави в контексті правового та організаційного забезпечення. Визначено причини та наслідки кризового стану правового й організаційного забезпечення ОПК держави в розрізі нерозв’язаних проблем розвитку економіки держави, управління оборонно-промисловим комплексом. Запропоновано розглядати як центральну проблему формування державної політики у сфері оборонно-промислового комплексу України утворення та забезпечення функціонування системи програмно-цільового управління ОПК з орієнтуванням на найкращі сучасні світові моделі.
Політичне самовизначення молоді: соціально-психологічні особливості
Authors: Korsakevych Sviatoslav
Published: December 2020

Актуальність. Політичні явища зачіпають обидві сфери особистості – раціональну та емоційну. Тому політичність включає в себе розуміння політики, відповідні знання, ставлення до неї, її сприймання, відчуття політики і ту чи іншу реакцію на політичні процеси. Політичність до певної міри властива переважній більшості людей, а не лише тим, хто належить до якоїсь партії, є активістом громадсько-політичного життя. З цього погляду вивчення феномену політичного самовизначення кожного окремого громадянина, враховуючи його як соціальні, так і психологічні особливості, є актуальним науковим завданням. У статті наведено результати теоретичного аналізу феномену політичного самовизначення молоді, розглянуто основні підходи, які пояснюють соціально-психологічні причини політичного самовизначення. Політичне самовизначення представлено як специфічний політико-психологічний феномен, що проявляється в думках, словах та діях особистості.

Метою дослідження було з’ясувати психологічні особливості формування політичного самовизначення молоді, зокрема щодо участі у виборчому процесі, які виявляються поряд із соціальними, віковими, гендерними особливостями.

У результаті огляду джерел виокремлено мотиваційно-ціннісні (як спрямованість, домагання та ін.), емоційно-вольові (переживання, відчуття щодо можливої участі в політичних процесах, враження від таких процесів, готовність до прийняття політичних рішень та ін.), когнітивно-рефлексивні (сприйняття, аналіз політичної інформації, уявлення і знання щодо виборчого права і процесу його здійснення тощо) особливості політичного самовизначення молоді.

Практична значущість роботи полягає у виокремленні конкретних психологічних особливостей, що мають досліджуватись емпіричним шляхом, адже вони на рівні із соціальними особливостями впливають на формування політичного самовизначення молоді, зокрема щодо участі у виборчому процесі.
Neurological presentation of COVID-19: experience from a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Md Rashedul , Rahman Tanbin , Ahmed Syed Mohaimeen , Khan Mohammad Sakhawat Hossen , Azad Md Rihan , Alam Dilruba , Habib Rumana
Published: December 2020

Background: Neurological manifestations of COVID-19 are being recognized day by day although predominant presentation is of respiratory illness. Understanding of impact of the virus on nervous system is important for selection and evolution of treatment now and in the future. The aim of the study was to describe the manifestations of COVID-19 affecting nervous system in a tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh

Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Department of Neurology, Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation in Diabetes, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders (BIRDEM) General Hospital from March, 2020 to October, 2020. Total forty patients who were admitted under neurology department were included in the study. Evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed in all the patients if RT-PCR of respiratory samples (eg, nasal or throat swab) was positive for viral ribonucleic acid (RNA). Clinical syndromes associated with COVID-19 were classified broadly as a cerebrovascular event, altered mental status and peripheral nervous system disorders. Data were collected on the basis of specific clinical case definitions.

Results: Median age of the patients was 58.6 years (range 22–73). Among those, 26 (65%) were male and 14 (35%) were female. Twenty two (55%) of 40 patients presented with cerebrovascular event, of whom 15 (68%) had an ischaemic stroke, 5 (23%) an intracerebral haemorrhage. Two (9%) patients were diagnosed as cerebral venous sinus thrombosis on the basis of clinical presentation and magnetic resonance venography (MRV) finding. Apart from cerebrovascular events, 14 (35%) of 40 patients presented with altered mental status, comprising 9 (64%) patients with unspecified encephalopathy and 5 (36%) patients with encephalitis. Four (10%) patients were diagnosed as peripheral nervous system disorder among those 2 (50%) as Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) and 2 (50%) as Bell’s palsy. If we analyze the presenting features of the 40 patients, it is found that, 22 (55%) patients presented with headache, 20 (5%) with hemiparesis, 20 (50%) with speech problems, 19 (48%) with altered mental status, 10(25%) with facial asymmetry, 4 (10%) with seizure. Few percentages of patients presented with anosmia (10%), ageusia (5%) and quadriparesis (5%).

Conclusion: Neurological involvement in COVID-19 is one of the major focuses of neurologist now a day. We have found cerebrovascular disese, encephalopathy and peripheral nervous system disorder as presentation of COVID-19 in our study. Prompt recognition of cases and early initiation of therapy will hasten better outcome of the patients. Neurological complications can cause permanent disability that will cost large scale health and economic burden. Further nationwide study is needed to quantify the association and disease burden.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 33-40
Pattern of electrolytes in a cohort of critically ill COVID-19 patients
Authors: Sultana Rozina , Ahsan ASM Areef , Fatema Kaniz , Ahmed Fatema , Saha Debasish Kumar , Saha Madhurima , Nazneen Suraiya , Mahbub Naureen , Ashraf Ebnan
Published: December 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a potentially fatal disease with multisystem involvement. Several studies have reported various electrolyte abnormalities at admission in patients who progress to the severe form of COVID-19. This study evaluated the electrolyte pattern in confirmed and critically ill COVID-19 patients.

Methods: This cross sectional study was carried out in the department of critical care medicine of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from 1st July to 10th November, 2020. Total 70 RT-PCR positive, critically ill COVID-19 patients, were enrolled. Patients’ demographic profile, clinical features, admission electrolyte report, length of ICU stay and outcome were documented in case record forms.

Results: In this cohort, total 70 RT-PCR positive COVID-19 cases (male 41, female 29, mean age 62.9 ± 13.3years) were enrolled. Fifty eight (82.85%) patients had different electrolytes abnormalities including hyponatraemia (54, 77.1%), hypokalaemia (35, 50%), hypocalcaemia (20, 28.6%) and hypomagnesaemia (11,15.7%). Regarding clinical symptoms, 98.6% (n=69) had respiratory distress, 97.1% (n=68) had cough, 94.3% (n= 66) had history of fever and 10.0 % (n=7) presented with unconsciousness. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was the most common co morbidity (94.3%).Mean length of ICU stay were 6.4 ± 3.4 days, where 48.57% (n=34) survived and 51.42% (n=36) died. Among 36 death cases, 33 patient (91.7%) had hyponatraemia (p value=0.003), which was statistically significant.

Conclusion: In this study, we found that, hyponatraemia was the most predominant electrolyte abnormality. Among 36 death cases, around 92% had hyponatraemia. Like other studies, it showed that various electrolyte imbalances seem to have an impact on disease process. So, base line electrolyte assessment would be beneficial for evaluating the risk of severity of COVID-19. So, more study of electrolytes in COVID-19 cases with multi center approach is needed.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 46-50
Demographic and clinical profile with early outcome of critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted in an ICU of a tertiary care hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan ASM Areef , Sultana Rozina , Fatema Kaniz , Ahmed Fatema , Saha Debasish Kumar , Saha Madhurima , Nazneen Suraiya , Jahan Israt
Published: December 2020

Background: First outbreak of corona virus disease (COVID-19) started in Wuhan, China at December 2019 and since then, it spread globally but information about critically ill patients with COVID-19 is still limited. So, it is important to know the demographic profile and overall outcome of COVID-19 patients. We aimed to describe the clinic-demographic characteristics and outcome of critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted in our intensive care unit.

Methods: This prospective observational study was carried out in the intensive care unit of department of Critical Care Medicine of BIRDEM General Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from 11th June to 31st October, 2020. Out of 382 suspected cases, 86 patients were found to be RT-PCR for COVID-19 positive and were included in this study. After admission in ICU, all patients were resuscitated according to ICU protocol. Length of ICU stay were recorded and patient outcomes were mentioned as survival (transferred or discharged) or death.

Results: A total of 86 patients (male 53, female 33, mean age 63.6 ± 12.8 years) with RT-PCR for COVID-19 positive were enrolled in this study. Regarding COVID related symptoms, Ninety six percent(83) had respiratory distress, 93.02 % (n=80) had cough, 84.9% (n=73) had history of fever,11.6 % (n=10) had loose motion and 7% (n=6), had anosmia. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was the most common co morbidity (91.9%).For improvement of oxygenation of COVID patient, we treated 7% of patients (n=6) by nasal Cannula, 24.4% (n=21) by Face Mask, 20.9% (n=18) by Non Rebreather Mask, 22.1% (n= 19) by High Flow Nasal Cannula (HFNC) and 25.6% (n= 22) by Mechanical Ventilation. Mean length of ICU stay were 6.9 ± 3.6 days and range of icu stay were 1-20 days. Among 86 COVID patient, 51.16% (n=44) were transferred to the isolation ward or discharged at home and 48.8% (n=42) were died.

Conclusion: This study showed the overall demographic and clinical features of critically ill COVID-19 patients, admitted in an icu of a tertiary care hospital. As it is a single centered study, we need more study with multi center approach to know the detail demographic profile and outcome of COVID-19 patients.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 51-55
Concurrent tuberculosis and COVID-19: reports of three cases
Authors: Podder Chinmay Saha , Chowdhury Nandini
Published: December 2020

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the latest global pandemic is on the hunt and the incidence is sharply rising day by day. On the other hand, tuberculosis (TB) is the leading causes of death from infectious origin. Historically, coronaviral illness were reported with co-infection with TB; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) is not an exception. As both diseases have overlapping clinical features, sometimes it maybe very difficult to diagnose and long standing features of TB can easily be mistaken for post-acute COVID-19. This report emphasizes the importance of suspecting TB-COVID co-infection and its grave consequences.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 111-114
Successful outcome of a severe COVID-19 patient with multiple co-morbidities: a case report
Authors: Sakib Mohammad Nazmus
Published: December 2020

Patients with severe form of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) with multiple co-morbidities can be treated successfully. We report a case of COVID-19 pneumonia complicated by acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), occurring in an elderly male patient with (co-morbid )diabetes mellitus, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and obstructive sleep apnea. This case is reported to emphasize that managing severe COVID-19 patient with multi-disciplinary approach, keeping in mind each of the co-morbidities, can result a fourable outcome.

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 127-130
BIRDEM News Vol. 10, COVID Supplement
Authors: Uddin Khwaja Nazim
Published: December 2020

Abstract Not Available

Birdem Med J 2020; 10, COVID Supplement: 135
Modelo de Lotka - Volterra en la biomatemática Solución de sistema depredador-presa
Authors: Amaya Cedrón Luis Andrés
Published: December 2020

En la investigación, el modelo presa-depredador, también conocido como el modelo Lotka-Volterra, ha sido un punto de partida para el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas y teorías matemáticas. El modelo presadepredador se ocupa de la interacción entre dos especies, donde una de ellas (presa) tiene abundante comida y la segunda especie (depredador) tiene suministro de alimentos exclusivamente a la población de presas. Donde se supone también que, durante el proceso, en un intervalo de tiempo t, el medio no debería cambiar favoreciendo a ninguna de las especies y que cualquier adaptación genética es lo suficientemente lenta (Figueiredo, 2014). En este trabajo haremos el análisis de problema clásico de Presa-depredador.
Acute and Late Toxicity In Breast Cancer Patient That Received Hypofractionated Adjuvant Radiotherapy after Breast Conserving Surgery: A Case Report
Authors: Dewi Sinta Prastiana
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common female malignancy worldwide. Breastconserving surgery followed by adjuvant radiotherapy is a preferable treatment option. Hypofractionated radiotherapy is an attractive fractionation scheme because of its shorter treatment duration. This paper aims to report the short-term and long-term toxicity of hypofractionated radiotherapy in breast cancer patients at our institution. Case Presentation: A 58-year-old woman with right breast cancer T2N1M0 had undergone breast-conserving surgery with axilla lymph node dissection. This patient underwent adjuvant whole breast radiotherapy with a dose of 42.56 Gy in 16 fractions followed by tumor bed boost with a dose of 16 Gy in 8 fractions. After undergoing the fourth fraction of boost, she had hyperpigmentation on her radiation area (RTOG skin toxicity grade 1). At the 6-month follow-up, the hyperpigmentation still appeared. Until the 24-month follow-up, after she completed radiotherapy, there was no sign of tumor recurrence and toxicity.Conclusion: Hypofractionated radiotherapy could be an option for breast cancer treatment that provides equivalent local control, survival, and side effects to conventional fractionation radiotherapy.
La formación de habilidades investigativas en estudiantes de la Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo (UEES) de la Maestría en Gestión Educativa (MGE)
Authors: Prieto Yeimer , Ayala Mario , Revelo Renato
Published: December 2020

El objetivo principal de esta investigación es desarrollar una nueva concepción teórica innovadora para la formación de competencias investigativas en los estudiantes de la Maestría en Gestión Educativa (MGE) de la Universidad de Especialidades Espíritu Santo (UEES). Se utilizó un enfoque cualitativo y los criterios de expertos. Las entrevistas con expertos posibilitaron la elaboración de la propuesta para dar solución al problema científico relacionado con las limitaciones de los estudiantes en sus competencias investigativas, así como un mejor tratamiento teórico y fáctico en las tutorías virtuales.
Bioelectric heart processes in healthy men at different levels of acute normobaric hypoxia
Authors: Bocharov M. I. , Shilov A. S.
Published: December 2020

The aim was to study cardiac bioelectric features across different levels of acute normobaric hypoxia (ANH) in healthy young men. Methods: We studied cardiac functions in response to exposure to ANH of mild (14.5 % O2) and medium (12.3 % O2) degrees for 20 minutes among 30 and 29 young men, respectively. Results. With mild and medium degree of ANH, SpO2 decreases to (91.6 ± 4.2) % and to (78.2 ± 5.2) %, respectively. An initial increase in the P1II wave was common for all ANH exposures. On average, during the period of mild ANH, the total BAL and BAR of the heart compartments decreased, only at the beginning the RR and QT intervals decreased, and in the end QT increased. Medium ANH was associated with more pronounced changes in ECG characteristics. On average, during the ANH period of 12.3 % O2, the RII wave (by 0.078 mV, p < 0.001), T1II (0.074 mV, p < 0.001), BAL (0.26 mV, р < 0.001) and BAR (at 0.12 mV, p < 0.001) of the heart decreased, RR intervals (at 100 ms, p < 0.001), QT (11 ms, p < 0.001), and Pc, PQc, QRSc, QTc increased. Correlations between QT deviations and SpO2, СО, SVR, VIK increased. For ANH of 14.5 % O2, the factor "positive chronotropic effect" dominated in the general structure of the ECG, while for 12.3 % O2 it was "chrono-inotropic conjugation". Conclusions. Changes in ECG parameters seem to be more pronounced in exposure to moderate than mild ANH. Possible extracardiac and myogenic regulation mechanisms in the organization of heart bioelectric processes with a mild and medium degree of hypoxia are proposed in the paper.
Sebaceoma of the External Auditory Canal
Authors: Kim Young Nam , Choi Jeong Hwan , Lee Chan Young , Park Kyeong Mee
Published: December 2020

Sebaceomas of the external auditory canal (EAC) are extremely rare. The recognition of sebaceoma is important as this benign tumor can be be part of the spectrum of the Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS), which is associated with visceral malignancy and multiple adenomatous polyps. Proper histological identification is thus important for further investigation. We describe a rare case of a sebaceoma that was confined to the EAC. Subsequent immunohistochemical (IHC) staining analysis of the mismatch repair genes (MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2) was needed to investigate MTS. Even though the patient has had the history of colon cancer, the result was negative. Otorhinolaryngologists should be aware of rare sebaceoma and its potential association with the internal malignancy, besides the limitation of IHC screening test.
The Effect of Long-Term Unilateral Deafness on Auditory Performance
Authors: Kwak Min Young , Kim Dong Hyun , Oh Hyeon Sik , An Yong-Hwi , Won Jong Ho , Shim Hyun Joon
Published: December 2020

Background and Objectives We investigated whether there are differences in auditory performance between the healthy ears of subjects with unilateral deafness (UD) and the control ears of subjects with normal hearing (NH) in both ears.Subjects and Method Sixteen subjects with acquired UD and 16 subjects with NH thresholds for both ears were enrolled. We compared the auditory performance of UD group and control group with NH in both ears.Results We found no meaningful differences in the three measures of psychoacoustic performance between the total healthy ears of subjects with UD and the ears of the control group. However, in the subgroup comparison, the left ears of subjects with right UD showed significantly poorer spectral-ripple discrimination (SRD) than the right ears of the subjects with left UD (p=0.006) and the ears of control subjects with NH (p=0.004).Conclusion Our findings indicate that after unilateral auditory deprivation, auditory processing is differentially affected by the side involved. In the subjects with acquired UD, the longterm hearing deprivation on the right side induced the down-regulation of central auditory process for SRD, but hearing deprivation on the left side did not affect SRD.
Hurthle Cell Carcinoma of the Thyroid: A Case Report of 12 Cases
Authors: Kim Jung Jun , Kang Ju Yong , Choi Ik Joon , Lee Myung-Chul
Published: December 2020

Hurthle cell carcinoma (HCC) is a relatively rare disease, which comprises about 3% of differentiated thyroid carcinoma. HCC is considered to have more aggressive clinical behavior compared with other differentiated thyroid carcinoma. However, there has been no consensus about clinical behavior and optimal treatment of HCC because of insufficient reports. Moreover, owing to geographical characteristics, HCC is rarer in Korea than in western countries. Based on 2017 World Health Organization classification, HCC is newly classified as an individual group, not as a subtype of follicular thyroid carcinoma. Therefore, we report data of 12 HCC patients who underwent surgery in our center from January 2000 to May 2020 with a review of the literature.
Avaliação de propriedades físicas e mecânicas de quatro espécies de madeira amazônica para uso na construção civil
Authors: Santos Jefferson Oruê Xavier dos , Fernandes Samuel Cameli , Freitas Hilderson da Silva , Barros Rodrigo Paz , Barros Laerte Melo
Published: December 2020

Nos últimos anos devido ao apelo pela utilização de materiais que causem menor impacto ao meio ambiente, a racionalização e uso da madeira torna-se uma exigência, pois é um material com grande potencial para ser utilizado nos diversos setores da economia. A sua utilização como elemento estrutural nos últimos anos está relacionada com o aumento da tecnologia empregada em seu beneficiamento, como a industrialização de estruturas de madeira, a utilização de espécies de reflorestamento e a utilização de agentes preservantes com maior qualidade. A Amazônia caracteriza-se por ser uma região com grande potencial de florestas produtoras de madeira das mais variadas espécies. O maior conhecimento das propriedades físicas e mecânicas da madeira é imprescindível para que se possa racionalizar a utilização dessa matéria prima. Ultimamente, as pesquisas a fim de elucidar as propriedades da madeira estão aumentando, porém, ainda há muito a se descobrir. Este trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar quatro espécies de madeiras amazônicas Cedrorana (Cedrelingacateniformis), Piquiarana (Caryocarglabrum e C. villosum), Tauari (Cariniana micranta) e Macacaúba (Platymisciumulei) empregadas na construção civil. Foram avaliadas as suas densidades e propriedades mecânicas de compressão paralela às fibras, flexão normal às fibras e arrancamento de parafuso. Como a densidade é uma das propriedades mais importantes no que se refere a indicação de usos para a madeira, e sendo uma das propriedades que mais fornece informações a respeito das suas características, com os resultados obtidos observou-se que os ensaios mecânicos têm correlação com a densidade.
Resgate do conhecimento etnozooterápico da Comunidade Barra do Una (Peruíbe-SP)
Authors: Prado Djalma Osmanir Pereira do , Ramires Milena
Published: December 2020

Os animais são um dos recursos mais importantes para a humanidade desde os tempos primitivos. O uso destes como itens medicinais pode ser chamado de etnozoologia, sendo essa uma atividade histórica e geograficamente difundida no mundo todo. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo resgatar e descrever o conhecimento etnozooterápico da comunidade Barra do Una, uma comunidade tradicional da Cidade de Peruíbe-SP. Foram feitas pesquisas de campo com os moradores, e os dados foram coletados por meio de questões semiestruturadas abordando o assunto. Foram citados 13 animais pelos entrevistados, e de acordo com eles, esses eram capazes de curar até 19 tipos de doenças. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram um rico conhecimento sobre recursos medicinais faunísticos da comunidade, e o quão importante esse conhecimento foi para eles.  Essas descrições, sobre os recursos faunísticos medicinais são importantes, principalmente,  àquelas comunidades que não façam mais o usos destes, como a da presente pesquisa, onde, além de fortalecer os laços culturais, também podem servir como fontes de estudos à diversas áreas de relação com a sabedoria tradicional, como exemplos: saúde pública, antropologia, educação ambiental e cultural, dentre outros usos.
Genç erişkin bireylerde vücutta altın oran değerlendirmesi
Authors: AKI ABACI Yasemin , KÜRKÇÜOĞLU Ayla , ŞENÇELİKEL Tuğçe
Published: December 2020

Altın oran uzun yıllardır mimari, sanat, matematik, geometri, tıp ve daha birçok farklı bilim dalında kullanılmaktadır. Yaptığımız araştırmalar sonucunda vücut üzerinde farklı alanlarda yapılan kimliklendirmeye yönelik, boy, yaş ve cinsiyet tahminine ait birçok antropometrik ölçüm çalışmaları bulunmasına rağmen, altın oranı araştıran ve ortaya koyan çalışmaların bulunmadığını tespit ettik. Bu çalışmanın amacı erişkin bireylerde vücutta farklı alanlardan alınacak antropometrik ölçümler ile altın oran değerini araştırmaktır. Bu çalışma yaşları 18-25 arasında değişen toplamda 77 öğrenci üzerinde gerçekleştirildi. Araştırmaya katılan tüm öğrencilerin antropometrik ölçümleri alındı. Martin tip antropometre, dijital kumpas, antropometre pergeli, T cetveli ve mezura kullanıldı. Üst ekstremiteden alınan ölçümler iki taraflı yapıldı. Literatür eşliğinde belirlenen antropometrik noktalar arasında alınan ölçümler sonrasında yapılan oran değerleri altın oran ile karşılaştırıldı. Çalışmada gövde, el ve yüz bölgesinden alınan ölçümler sonrasında yapılan oran değerlendirmeleri 1,618 ile karşılaştırıldı. Gövde bölgesinden alınan ölçümlere bağlı olarak belirlenen oranların altın oran değerine yakınlığı tespit edilemedi. Bu karşılaştırma yüz bölgesinden alınan ölçümler için yapıldığında zy-zy / sto-n değeri 1,613 (p=0,752) ve tr-sn / sto-n değeri ise 1,660 (p=0,071) olarak bulunmuş ve altın oran değerine yakınlık bağlamında anlamlı olarak değerlendirildi. Bu çalışmada, bedenin farklı bölgelerinden yapılan ölçümler sonucunda, elde edilen oran değerlerinin altın oran ile karşılaştırması yapılmış, elde edilen bulguların yüz bölgesi başta olmak üzere, yapılacak estetik veya rekonstrüktif yaklaşımlarda ve ortez, protez uygulamalarında yol göstermesi amaçlanmıştır.
Peran Pendamping Desa Dalam Mewujudkan Desa Mandiri
Authors: Irfan Irfan , M. tahir M. tahir
Published: December 2020

Peran pendamping desa adalah mendampingi pemerintah desa dalam perencanaan, pelaksanaan dan pemantauanterhadap pembangunanDesadan pemberdayaanmasyarakatDesa dalam mewujudkan desa mandiri. Penelitian ini tujuannya untuk mendeskripsikan peran pendamping desa dalam mewujudkan desa mandiri. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi riset, yakni mengungkap kejadian nyata dilapangan. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah observasi, wawncara dan dokumentasi. Responden penelitian adalah kepala Desa, pendamping Desa dan sekertaris Desa BPD, ketua Karang Taruna, ketua pemuda. Hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan display data, verifikasi data dan uji keabsahan data lalu kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa 1. Peran pendamping Desa di Desa Karampi Kecamatan Langgudu Kabupaten Bima belum efektif karena pendamping Desa tidak melaksanakan fungsing secara terpadu dan bersama-sama dengan pemerintah Desa dalam membangun Desa mandiri, namun keberadaan pendamping Desa hanya sebagai tim survay, pengambilan data untuk kebutuhan pelaporannya, 2. Kendala pendamping Desa dalam melaksanakan peran dan fugsingnya adalah keberadaan jalanan yang dilalui dari Desa yang satu dengan desa yang lain cukup jauh dan jalanan yang dilalui cukup rusak, adanya rasa malas yang tinggiu,  kesadaramn bekerja masih kurang, keterbatasan SDM, kedisiplinan kerja yang masih diabaikan, rendahnya tanggungjawab bekerja.
GARANTİ VE KEFALET SÖZLEŞMELERİ ARASINDAKİ AYRIM
Authors: ÇINAR Gökhan
Published: December 2020

Garanti ile kefalet sözleşmeleri kişisel teminat sözleşmelerinin bir türüdür. Bu sözleşmenin tarafı olan alacaklı, borç ifa edilmediği takdirde güvence verene başvurma imkânı kazanır. Kefalet sözleşmesi Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nda (TBK) açıkça düzenlenmişken, garanti sözleşmesi ancak TBK’nın 128. maddesi ve içtihatlar ışığında yorumlanabilmektedir. Uygulamada ve teoride bu iki sözleşmenin ayrımını yapmak her zaman kolay olmamıştır. “Aslilik- fer’ilik”, “yorum” ve “taraf iradeleri” gibi ölçütler bu hususta yol göstericidir. Tüm bunların yanında yasa koyucu, TBK’nın 603. maddesiyle kefalet sözleşmesinin kefili koruyucu yanlarının bertaraf edilmesi çabasının da önüne geçmek istemiştir. Bu mecburiyet özellikle bankacılık faaliyetlerinde, borca güvence veren gerçek kişilerin uğradıkları mağduriyetten doğmuştur. Daha önce yargı kararlarıyla yapılan yorum, bu şekilde kanuni zemine oturtulmuştur.
ROMA HUKUKUYLA KARŞILAŞTIRMALI OLARAK TÜRK HUKUKUNDA BEĞENME KOŞULU İLE SATIŞ SÖZLEŞMESİ
Authors: GÜLEŞ Bedia
Published: December 2020

Beğenme koşuluyla satış, satış sözleşmesinin özel bir türü oluşturmaktadır. Bu sözleşme 818 sayılı Borçlar Kanununda isim olarak yer almamaktaydı. Ancak 6098 sayılı Türk Borçlar Kanununda ayrıntılı olarak hükme bağlanmıştır. Beğenme koşulu ise satış, sözleşme henüz tüm yönleriyle oluşmadan önce alıcının bu malı alıp almama konusundaki kararının kesinleşmesine yardımcı olur. Uygulamada oldukça fazla rastlanan beğenme koşulu ile satış sözleşmesi, Roma Hukukunda da özellikle pactum displecentiae ismi ile yer almaktaydı. Çalışmada da sözleşme bu kurumla bağlantılı olarak incelenmiştir.
ROMA HUKUKU VE TÜRK HUKUKUNDA TAŞINMAZ LEHİNE İRTİFAK HAKLARININ ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: ÖCAL APAYDIN Bahar
Published: December 2020

İsviçre ve Türk hukuk düzenlerinde taşınmaz lehine irtifak hakları, bir taşınmaz üzerinde kullanma yahut yararlanma sağlayan sınırlı ayni haklardandır. Taşınmaz lehine irtifak hakları Roma hukukunda eski çağlarda tarım toplumunun ihtiyaçlarını karşılamak üzere ortaya çıkmış ve zamanla toplumun değişen ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda çeşitlenmiştir. Taşınmaz lehine irtifak haklarının özellikleri bakımından belirleyici olan ilke ve ölçütler ise Romalı hukukçular tarafından geliştirilmiştir. Bu ilke ve ölçütler şu şekilde sıralanabilir: Taşınmaz lehine irtifak hakkı bakımından benimsenen objektif yarar ölçütü; malikin kendisine ait taşınmaz üzerinde irtifak hakkı kuramaması; irtifak hakkının içeriğinin bir yapma ediminden oluşmaması ve taşınmaz lehine irtifak hakkının bölünememesi. İsviçre Medeni Kanunu’nun ve Türk Medeni Kanunu’nun taşınmaz lehine irtifak haklarına ilişkin hükümlerinin bazıları, bu ilke ve koşulların esas alındığı bir anlayışla düzenlenmiştir. Örneğin, taşınmaz lehine irtifak hakkının içeriğinin bir yapma ediminden oluşamayacağı ilkesi her iki hukuk düzeninde de benimsenmiş ve bu doğrultuda gerek İsviçre Medeni Kanunu’nda gerekse Türk Medeni Kanunu’nda hüküm sevk edilmiştir. Ne var ki, söz konusu kanunlaştırmalarda farklı bir anlayışı yansıtan hükümlerle karşılaşmak da mümkündür. Örneğin, İsviçre ve Türk hukuk düzenlerinde malik kendi taşınmazı üzerinde bir başka taşınmazı lehine irtifak hakkı tesis edebilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, taşınmaz lehine irtifak haklarının özelliklerini İsviçre hukukunu da dikkate almak suretiyle, Roma hukuku ile Türk hukukunu karşılaştırarak incelemektir.
AİHM’NİN TÜRKİYE HAKKINDA İFADE HÜRRİYETİNE İLİŞKİN VERDİĞİ KARARLARDA TAKDİR MARJI
Authors: KESKİN Erdoğan
Published: December 2020

Takdir marjı, AİHS’nin öngörmediği ancak uygulamada bazı ihtiyaçları karşılamak amacıyla kabul edilen bir doktrindir. Takdir marjının önemi, 20. yüzyıla kadar hiçbir surette sınırlandırılamayacağı düşünülen egemenlik anlayışı ile milletlerarası bir denetim mekanizması aracılığıyla devletlerin egemenliğinin sınırlandırılmaya çalışılması arasında bir denge kurulmasında görülmektedir. Çalışmada, kavramın gelişimi, amaçları ve kapsamı hakkında genel bir kanaat oluşturarak, AİHM’nin Türkiye hakkında ifade hürriyetine ilişkin verdiği kararlarda takdir marjının yerinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Mahkeme’nin Türkiye hakkında ifade hürriyetine ilişkin verdiği kararlarda devlete tanıdığı takdir alanının sınırlarının belirlenmesi, ifade hürriyetinin sınırlandırılmasına ilişkin devletin yetki alanının, ayrıca bireylerin ifade hürriyetlerinin kapsam ve sınırlarının tespit edilmesi açısından önem ifade etmektedir.
TÜRK HUKUKUNDA TAHKİM SÖZLEŞMELERİNİN GEÇERLİLİĞİ VE ASİMETRİK VE PATOLOJİK TAHKİM KLOZLARI
Authors: YILMAZ Süleyman , ÇAVUŞOĞLU Gökçe Filiz
Published: December 2020

Çok eski tarihlerden günümüze kadar varlığını koruyan tahkim, devlet yargısına alternatif bir çözüm yoludur. Asıl olan egemenin bünyesinde yargı erkinin bulunmasıdır. Yargı devletin tekel niteliğinde bir faaliyettir. Ancak bazı uyuşmazlıkların devlet yargısında çözümlenmesi yerine; özel hakem kurulu tarafından karara bağlanması da istenebilir. Hakem veya hakem kurulunun kesin ve bağlayıcı bir karar taraflarca istenmiş ise, tahkim kavramı ortaya çıkar. Bu durumda asıl olan devlet yargısıdır. Ancak istisnai olarak taraflar tahkim yargısını seçebilirler. Bu yargılama, devlet yargılaması olmadığı için, her ne kadar taraflara bir esneklik tanısa da, bazı şartlara tabidir. Tahkim sözleşmesinin, yazılı şekilde olması, belirli veya belirlenebilir bir konu üzerine olması ve tahkim iradesinin açık ve kesin olması gerekir. Tahkim iradesinin açık ve kesin olması ifadesi üzerinde durulmalıdır. Bu kavram uygulamada sorunların doğmasına neden olabilmektedir. Örneğin, asimetrik ve patolojik tahkim kayıtları taraf iradesinin açık ve kesin olmadığı gerekçesi ile geçersiz kabul edilmektedir. Bu durum taraf iradesinin yorumlanması, sözleşmenin ayakta tutulması gibi temel ilkeler ile çelişmektedir. Bu sebeple bu çalışmamızda, asimetrik ve patolojik tahkim şartlarının geçerliliği incelenmektedir. İlk olarak, tahkim sözleşmesinin özellikleri açıklanmaktadır. Ardından asimetrik ve patolojik tahkim kayıtlarının ne olduğu ve çeşitleri ele alınmaktadır. Bu çalışma, kümülatif olarak asimetrik ve patolojik kayıtların geçerli sayılıp sayılmayacağı sorunu üzerine durulmaktadır.
Effects of Two Different Macroalgae (Ulva lactuca and Jania rubens) Species on Growth and Survival of Red Swamp Crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) as Feed Additive
Authors: MAZLUM Yavuz , YAZICI Metin , SAYIN Selin , HABİBOĞLU Oğulcan , UĞUR Sinem
Published: December 2020

The effects of dietary supplementation of two different macroalgae Ulva lactuca and Jania rubens on the growth performance, survival and feed conversion ratio of juvenile red swamp crayfish juvenile (Procambarus clarkii) were investigated. Red swamp crayfish with an average total length of 56.2±6.67 mm and an average weight of 3.77±0.2 g were placed at tanks (10 crayfish at each tank) and offered diets 8 weeks. Different levels of macroalgae were added to commercial sea bass feed, and no seaweed was used as a control group. It was observed that crayfish fed with 10% feed had higher growth performance (in terms of length and weight) than those fed with 15% diet and control group (P<0.05). The lowest feed conversion rate was observed in juvenile crayfish fed with 15% feed (P<0.05). The highest survival rate was 50.0% at group fed with 15% feed, followed by 46.66% (control group) and 43.33% (10% diet groups), respectively. This study showed that there was no statistical difference in survival rate among treatment groups (P>0.05). However, the frequency of molting was mostly observed in the group fed with 10% diet. Therefore, the results showed that seaweed (Ulva lactuca and Jania rubens) could be used as a supplement for red swamp crayfish diet (Procambarus clarkii) at 10% to improve growth performance with no adverse effects on feed efficiency or survival rate.
Feed supplement based on endo- and exometabolites B. subtilis as stimulator of milk production of cows
Authors:   Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Malkov Sergey V. , Krasnoperov Aleksandr S. , Poryvaeva Antonina P. , Vereshchak Natalya A. , Oparina Olga Yu. ,   Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2020

Promising direction in ensuring food security and independence of Russia is the widespread use and study of new feed additives of probiotic action. Today, probiotic preparations are widely used in dairy farming. They support the positive microbial balance of the gastrointestinal tract and stimulate the activity of the digestive, motor-evacuation, hormonal and immune systems. Authors studied the efficiency of the composition of 2 strains of Bacillus subtilis during 14 days after calving (1 experimental group) and 14 days before calving and 14 days after calving (2 experimental group) in the technology of milk production and improving its quality. In the process of conducting scientific and industrial experience, modern research methods were used that were able to obtain high-quality and most informative data on the processes occurring in the body. Analysis of the results of hematological blood parameters of animals of all groups confirmed the physiological of recovery of the cow's body in the postpartum period, but with different degrees of intensity. Animals of the experimental groups reached peak milk production. By the end of the third month in group 1, milk productivity was 28.94±6.84 kg, in group 2 - 32.17±3.33 kg, which formed an increase of 6.44% and 15.59% relative to the background values. In the control group of cows-27.90±7.25 kg. By day 150, the average daily milk yield in animals of the first group was 25.07 ± 4.38 kg, the second - 25.33 ± 2.52 kg, control 22.75 ± 8.82 kg. Milk quality indicators - fat and protein content in animals receiving probiotic supplements were variable. In the milk of animals of the 1st and 2nd groups, the average fat content was recorded 3.69 g / 100g and 3.74 g / 100g, respectively, and the average protein content was 3.104 g / 100 g and 3.240 g / 100 g. In peers of the control group, the fat and protein content in milk was determined to be 3.79 g / 100 g and 3.016 g / 100 g. The studies established and proved the promise of the widespread introduction of probiotic in dairy cattle breeding, which was based on the composition of endo- and exometabolites of 2 strains of Bacillus subtilis. There was an improvement in the physiological status and an increase in the milk productivity of Holstein cows of the black-motley breed.
Keeping method influence on newborn calves organism
Authors:   Vologda branch of the Federal scientific center - All-Russian Research Institute of experimental veterinary medicine named after K.I. Scryabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Makarova Vera N.
Published: December 2020

The article reflects observations on calves with different ways of keeping. Two groups of newborn calves were selected at the dairy complex (n=33). The calves of the control group were raised indoors in the traditional way in individual cages, and the experimental group was outdoors in the houses. The experiment was conducted from March to June. For the first 10 days, all calves were measured body temperature, pulse, respiration, blood samples for 1, 5, 10, 20 and 30 days of life were studied, incidence was taken into account. The heart rate in both groups gradually decreased by day 10. In the experimental group, this decrease was less pronounced and on average over the observation period, the pulse rate was 128 or 8 beats higher than in the control. The respiratory rate in calves of both groups had a general tendency to decrease. In experimental calves, this indicator was more constant than in controls. In calves of the experimental group, the average daily gain was 69.0 g higher, and the incidence was 14.9% lower compared to the calves of the control group. Authors established activation of metabolism, increase in natural resistance, weight gain and decrease in the incidence of disease in calves bred in the open air in individual houses.
Features of control measures and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease of large horned cattle of meat breeds
Authors:   Kropotkin regional veterinary laboratory, Chernykh Oleg Yu. , Mishchenko Aleksey V. , Mishchenko Vladimir A. ,   Federal Centre of Animal Health, Krivonos Roman A. ,   Veterinary Department of Krasnodar region, Lysenko Aleksandr A. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University named after I.T. Trubilin, Skorikov Aleksandr V. ,   Krasnodar Veterinary Scientific Research Institute - separate structural unit of the Krasnodar Scientific Center for Zootechnology and Veterinary Medicine
Published: December 2020

A large number of breeding heifers and bull-producers of meat breeds were brought to the Russian Federation from different countries of the world. Breeding heifers were imported to individual farms. Extensive and semi-intensive systems of large horned cattle keeping are used more often in the Russian Federation. The extensive system provides for free movement of animals and selection of pasture areas and access to watering and shelter areas. Large number of beef cattle have been imported to the Russian Federation from around the world in recent years. Timely epizootic and clinical diagnostics play a primary role in the system of measures for the control and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease. The existing system of measures for the control and prevention of foot-and-mouth disease in the Russian Federation provides for the prevention of the introduction of the virus, systematic vaccination of ruminants and revaccination of young animals and control of the level of post-vaccination antibodies. The risk of introduction of pathogens in extensive system for beef cattle is significantly higher than in intensive system. The highest risk of introduction of infectious agents exist with wild and domestic cloven-hoofed animals. Contaminated air, water and pastures can be pathway for the introduction of infectious agents into beef herds. According to the OIE Code beef-breed large horned cattle must be subject to daily inspection. All personnel working with beef-breed large horned cattle should have professional training in accordance with their job responsibilities and understand the technology of housing and behavior of animals, as well as biosecurity measures and general symptoms of diseases and signs of deterioration of the physiological state. The main features of large horned cattle breeding, distinguishing it from other areas of productivity, are early maturity and high quality meat. It is believed that professional training in these matters is acquired through specialized training and practical experience in working with beef cattle. Knowing the etiology of diseases and their syndromes is important in identifying potential animal welfare issues.
Data-Driven, Visual Framework for the Characterization of Aphasias Across Stroke, Post-resective, and Neurodegenerative Disorders Over Time
Authors: Fan Joline M. , Gorno-Tempini Maria Luisa , Dronkers Nina F. , Miller Bruce L. , Berger Mitchel S. , Chang Edward F.
Published: December 2020

Aphasia classifications and specialized language batteries differ across the fields of neurodegenerative disorders and lesional brain injuries, resulting in difficult comparisons of language deficits across etiologies. In this study, we present a simplified framework, in which a widely-used aphasia battery captures clinical clusters across disease etiologies and provides a quantitative and visual method to characterize and track patients over time. The framework is used to evaluate populations representing three disease etiologies: stroke, primary progressive aphasia (PPA), and post-operative aphasia. A total of 330 patients across three populations with cerebral injury leading to aphasia were investigated, including 76 patients with stroke, 107 patients meeting criteria for PPA, and 147 patients following left hemispheric resective surgery. Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) measures (Information Content, Fluency, answering Yes/No questions, Auditory Word Recognition, Sequential Commands, and Repetition) were collected across the three populations and analyzed to develop a multi-dimensional aphasia model using dimensionality reduction techniques. Two orthogonal dimensions were found to explain 87% of the variance across aphasia phenotypes and three disease etiologies. The first dimension reflects shared weighting across aphasia subscores and correlated with aphasia severity. The second dimension incorporates fluency and comprehension, thereby separating Wernicke's from Broca's aphasia, and the non-fluent/agrammatic from semantic PPA variants. Clusters representing clinical classifications, including late PPA presentations, were preserved within the two-dimensional space. Early PPA presentations were not classifiable, as specialized batteries are needed for phenotyping. Longitudinal data was further used to visualize the trajectory of aphasias during recovery or disease progression, including the rapid recovery of post-operative aphasic patients. This method has implications for the conceptualization of aphasia as a spectrum disorder across different disease etiology and may serve as a framework to track the trajectories of aphasia progression and recovery.