bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiencias de psicoterapeutas chilenos al realizar teleterapia en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19
Authors:   ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Escuela de Psicología, Medina Cueva María Mercedes
Published: April 2023

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo describir las experiencias de 10 psicoterapeutas chilenos, hombres y mujeres, al realizar teleterapia en contexto de pandemia por COVID-19. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa, aplicando entrevistas semiestructuradas, las cuales fueron analizadas bajo la Teoría Fundamentada y usando un modelo explicativo preliminar. En la actualidad si bien las intervenciones en teleterapia se han establecido como una alternativa eficaz a la terapia presencial, aún se puede evidenciar un alto nivel de disconformidad por parte de los terapeutas, lo que incrementó la sensación de vulnerabilidad e inseguridad al hacer uso de estos nuevos espacios. A pesar de esto y debido a demandas externas muchos de ellos han tenido que migrar a estos nuevos encuentros virtuales de manera casi obligatoria abandonando sus prejuicios, temores e incertidumbres y dejando atrás una mirada mucho más clásica de la psicoterapia.
Uma perspectiva da neurociência sobre a psiquiatria intervencionista
Authors: Barbosa Fernando Campos , Da Silveira Francis Moreira , Shiozawa Pedro , Tadine Rodrigo Martins , Rezende Janaína Drawanz Pereira , Samuel Bensson V.
Published: April 2023

OBJETIVO: Avaliar as informações disponíveis sobre a Psiquiatria Intervencionista, de forma a apresentar um panorama geral sobre a técnica a partir de informações publicadas na literatura científica sob uma perspectiva neurocientífica. MÉTODOS: Nesta revisão bibliográfica (bases de dados, sites e periódicos especializados) foram selecionados estudos descritivos e interpretativos que avaliaram as dimensões: caracterização, tipos de técnicas e aplicação, relacionadas à Psiquiatria Intervencionista. As bases de dados avaliadas foram MEDLINE, PUBMED, SCIENCE DIRECT, SciELO e LILACS. RESULTADOS: Nos estudos selecionados sobre o tema foram comparadas as técnicas utilizadas atualmente na Psiquiatria Intervencionista, observando-se diferenças de eficácia, risco, velocidade e durabilidade dos efeitos terapêuticos em transtornos psiquiátricos. Além disso, são apresentados mecanismos convergentes que promovem neuromodulação e neuroplasticidade, além dos desafios relacionados à implantação dessa ciência médica. CONCLUSÃO: Para a implantação ampliada da Psiquiatria Intervencionista no país serão necessárias intervenções que visem o ensino e especialização da técnica de forma a promover a sua divulgação e implementação em serviços de assistência de saúde mental.
Functional Ability and Quality of Life Status following Manual Therapy and Specific Exercise Conditioning in Subacromial Impingement Syndrome: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Subbiah Kanthanathan , Rajappa Srinivasan , Subhashini AS , Ganeshan Sailakshmi
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Subacromial Impingement Syndrome (SIS) is a common shoulder problem that leads to considerable functional loss and a decline in Quality of Life (QoL). Conservative treatment is the first line of management, often multimodal where physiotherapy is commonly recommended. But limited information is available regarding the combined effect of various treatments. Aim: To evaluate the combined effect of manual therapy and specific exercise conditioning in improving function and QoL among patients with SIS and also to compare with the conventional therapy. Materials and Methods: This single-blinded randomised controlled study was conducted in the rehabilitation center, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research (SRIHER), Chennai, India, from January 2017 to February 2020. A total of 126 subjects were recruited and randomly allocated into two groups: Group 1 (n=63) received manual therapy and eccentric exercise, Group 2 (n=63) received conventional exercise, spread over three weeks followed by a home program for another nine weeks. Regional and self-rated functional limitations were obtained using the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI) and Patient Specific Functional Scale (PSFS) at baseline, after 10 sessions of treatment and follow-up at 12 weeks with other clinical outcomes. A short form health survey (SF 36) was used to obtain QOL status at baseline and followup at 12 weeks. Data were analysed using one-way analysis of variance, and unpaired t-test. Results: The mean age was 45.02±10.30 years and 45.12±11.42 years in groups 1 and 2, respectively. Male to female ratio was 25:21 and 30:21 in groups 1 and 2, respectively. All outcomes improved by three weeks and during follow-up at 12 weeks in both groups (p-value <0.00001 and p-value <0.0005, respectively). However, on between group analysis significant improvement was observed with pain intensity (p-value <0.0005), range (p-value <0.05), external rotator strength (p-value=0.016) and PSFS score (p-value=0.014) by three weeks. External rotator strength (p-value<0.0005), SPADI (p-value <0.0005), PSFS (p-value=0.035), physical (p-value <0.008) and mental (p-value <0.006) cumulative scores of SF 36 had significant improvement in group 1 during follow-up at 12 weeks. Conclusion: The combined effect of manual therapy and specific exercise conditioning improved regional, self-rated functional ability and QoL among individuals with SIS.
Covid-19 Stress, Smoking and Heavy Drinking Behaviors in University Students in Singapore
Authors: Kristman-Valente Allison N. , Yong Minglee , Suh Hanna , McCarty Carolyn A.
Published: April 2023

Aims: This study investigates multi-dimensional Covid-19 related stressors and the extent to which these stressors are related to young adult’s smoking and heavy alcohol use among university students in Singapore during the Covid-19 pandemic. Design/Setting/Participants: A total of 2,339 undergraduate students (862 male, 1309 female) in Singapore participated in an online survey. Measures: The Covid-19 Stressors Questionnaire (C19SQ) is a developmentally influenced, Covid-19 related stress scale, used alongside mental health measures (GAD & PHQ) and substance use. Structural equation modeling was used to model the association between four types of Covid-19 related stressors and past month smoking and heavy drinking while accounting for student mental health, family socio-economic status, gender and race/ethnicity. Findings: Stress related to Covid-19 social restrictions was associated with increased likelihood of heavy drinking and smoking behavior, whereas stress related to health concerns was associated with decreased likelihood of smoking and heavy drinking. Covid-19 related stressors related to resource constraints and future uncertainties were not associated with young adult substance use. Conclusions: Our finding that Covid-19 stressors related to Social Restrictions and Health Concerns were particularly salient for university student’s substance use, but in opposite directions, extend prior work by demonstrating that young adult substance use behavior is differentially impacted by specific types of Covid-19 stress and point to areas where public health and clinical intervention efforts can focus in the wake of the Covid-19 pandemic for this vulnerable population.
Association of Apolipoprotein A Gene Polymorphism with Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in Elfasher City, North Darfur, Sudan
Authors: Idrise Alaa Abdallah Adam , Elgoraish Amanda G. , Ahmed Rania Tag Elsir , Omer Nadia Madni Mohamed , Salih Mohamed A. M. , Ismail Jamal Ismail Khalifia , Adam Nassreldeen Khalid Abdelraman , Elzaki Salaheldein G.
Published: April 2023

Aims: This study aimed to investigate the lipids profile, APOA genotype with malaria infection. It was hypothesized that the malaria parasite uses cholesterol and phospholipids from its host, resulting in a decrease in serum HDL.

Study Design: A cross-sectional hospital -based study. 

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during the transmission season between July to November 2020 in different hospitals and centers in Elfasher city.

Methodology: We included (39 men and 64 female), 57.3% were adults and 42.7% were children, plasmodium falciparum infection, with clinical symptoms and signs of uncomplicated malaria. Parasites density, lipids profile and APOA genotyping were assayed.

Results: The mean level of CHOL and TG was 134.7 mg/dl and 73.0 mg/dl, respectively, and the average levels of LDL and HDL are 56.6 mg/dl and 56.2 mg/dl, respectively. The G/G genotypes of APOA were identified in 94.2% of the patients compared to other APOA genotypes. The overall allele frequency for the G allele was 96.0%, and the T allele was 3.9% using the Hardy-Weinberg distribution.

Conclusion: In conclusions, the lipids profile and APOA genotype were not associated with uncomplicated malaria.
The Nutrient Magnesium in Soil and Plant: A Review
Authors: Ferreira Lusiane de Sousa , Oliveira Vinicius de Souza , Marchiori Johnatan Jair de Paula , Ferreira Tatiane Cristovam , Bernabé Ana Clara Bayer , Boone Gilcéa Teixeira Fontana , Pereira Luan Luciano dos Santos , Carriço Eduarda
Published: April 2023

Magnesium is the third most abundant structural metal in the Earth's crust and is found in many rock minerals and in seawater. In the soil, it appears in the ionic form Mg2+, in solution and as an exchangeable cation. After absorption, Mg2+ is transported from the roots to the aerial part through the interior of the plant, giving this process the name of translocation. In plants, magnesium plays a fundamental role for growth and development, participating in a series of important processes for the metabolism of the plant, such as the constitution of the chlorophyll molecule, in addition to acting as an enzymatic activator. Thus, given the importance of the magnesium nutrient, the objective of this review is to present the main aspects of this nutrient in the soil and the functions performed in plants.
Spatial Distribution of Soil Nutrient Status of Biswanath District, Assam, North East India
Authors: Bhuyan Samikhya , Patgiri Dilip Kumar , Medhi Simanta Jyoti , Chutia Debasish , Meena Ram Swaroop , Sandillya Moharnab
Published: April 2023

Rice-based cropping system is a key for food security in Assam. However, the productivity of such systems has declined continuously due to deterioration in soil fertility owing mainly to faulty agricultural practices. The study was carried out to study the nutrient status of soils of the Biswanath district of Assam in the year 2021. A total of 200 no of geo-reference surface (up to 30 cm) soil samples were collected. The coefficient of variation (CV) was used for the interpretation of the variability of the indicators. Available phosphorous, available potassium DTPA-iron, DTPA-manganese, DTPA-zinc, and DTPA-copper were identified to be the most variable soil indicators (CV > 35%). Electrical conductivity, organic carbon, available nitrogen, and cation exchange capacity, were found as the moderately variable parameters (CV 15–35%). The least variation (CV < 15) was found pH. The mean pH, electrical conductivity and organic carbon were 5.23, 0.54 ds/m, and 0.81 percent respectively. The cation exchange capacity of the soil varied from 4.40 to 11.60 cmol(p+)/kg with the mean value of 6.74cmol(p+) /kg. The available nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus were 380.01kg /ha, 169.00 kg/ha and 38.01 kg/ha. The district's respective DTPA-Fe, DTPA-Cu, DTPA-Mn, and DTPA-Zn levels were found to be  83.34 mg/kg, 2.59 mg/kg, 22.25 mg/kg, and 0.79 mg/kg. The spatial distribution of each parameter was presented on the GIS platform for easy availability through IDW method of interpolation.
A Circular-Shaped Antenna Array for Wide-Band Millimeter-Wave Application
Authors: Orakwue Stella Ifeoma , Onu Praise Igochi
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a proposed  Circular-shaped Antenna array for millimeter-wave application. The proposed antenna is designed to operate at mm-wave frequency of 17 GHz. Circular antennas give good return loss, and better gain and directivity. The main aim of using the array is to improve the gain of the antenna. Inset feed technique is used to design the antenna. The size and feed technique are determined by design formulas. The simulation results show a good return loss (reflection coefficient) of -55.297 dB which is way below the benchmark of 10dB and a bandwidth of 1.79 GHz (16.42 – 18.21 GHz). The gain and VSWR results are 8.684 dB and 1.0034 respectively at 17.29 GHz frequency. The CST software is used for the simulation.
Medication Nonadherence and Risk of Violence to Others Among Patients With Schizophrenia in Western China
Authors: Li Yang , Wen Hong , Xiong Chaoxinyu , Lin Chunying , Yang Xianmei , Wang Dan , Fan Ruoxing , Liu Jun , Zhao Xing , Liu Yuanyuan , Liu Xiang
Published: April 2023

Importance

Reducing violence to others in community-based patients with schizophrenia has important implications for public health. Increasing medication adherence is often used to reduce the risk of violence, yet little is known about the association between medication nonadherence and violence to others in this population.

Objective

To examine the association between medication nonadherence and violence to others among community-based patients with schizophrenia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This large, naturalistic, prospective cohort study was performed in western China from May 1, 2006, to December 31, 2018. The data set was from the integrated management information platform for severe mental disorders. As of December 31, 2018, 292 667 patients with schizophrenia were registered in the platform. During follow-up, patients could enter or leave the cohort at any time. Maximum follow-up was 12.8 years, with a mean (SD) of 4.2 (2.3) years. Data analysis was conducted from July 1, 2021, to September 30, 2022.

Exposures

Medication nonadherence.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Violence to others throughout the follow-up period was the outcome, including minor nuisances, violating the Law of the People’s Republic of China on Penalties for Administration of Public Security (APS law), and violating criminal law. Information about these behaviors was provided by the public security department. Directed acyclic graphs were used to identify and control confounders. Propensity score matching and generalized linear mixed-effects models were used for analysis.

Results

The final study sample included 207 569 patients with schizophrenia. The mean (SD) age was 51.3 (14.5) years, and 107 271 (51.7%) were women; 27 698 (13.3%) perpetrated violence to others, including 22 312 of 142 394 with medication nonadherence (15.7%) and 5386 of 65 175 with adherence (8.3%). In 112 710 propensity score–matched cases, risks of minor nuisances (odds ratio [OR], 1.82 [95% CI, 1.75-1.90]; P < .001), violating APS law (OR, 1.91 [95% CI, 1.78-2.05]; P < .001), and violating criminal law (OR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.33-1.71]; P < .001) were higher in patients with nonadherence. However, the risk did not increase with higher medication nonadherence. There were differences in risk of violating APS law between urban and rural areas.

Conclusions and Relevance

Medication nonadherence was associated with a higher risk of violence to others among community-based patients with schizophrenia, but the risk did not increase as medication nonadherence increased.
International Variation in Clozapine Hematologic Monitoring—A Call for Action
Authors: Oloyede Ebenezer , Taylor David , MacCabe James
Published: April 2023

The Viewpoint describes variations in stringency of clozapine hematologic monitoring among countries and suggests hematologic monitoring approaches.
Effects of work–family life support program on the work–family interface and mental health among Japanese dual-earner couples with a preschool child: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Shimazu Akihito , Fujiwara Takeo , Iwata Noboru , Kato Yoko , Kawakami Norito , Maegawa Nobuaki , Nakao Mutsuhiro , Nomiyama Tetsuo , Takahashi Miho , Tayama Jun , Watai Izumi , Arima Makiko , Hasegawa Tomoko , Matsudaira Ko , Matsuyama Yutaka , Miyazawa Yoshimi , Shimada Kyoko , Takahashi Masaya , Watanabe Mayumi , Yamaguchi Astushige , Adachi Madoka , Tomida Makiko , Chen Di , Doi Satomi , Hirano Sachiko , Isokawa Sanae , Kamijo Tomoko , Kobayashi Toshio , Matsuzaki Kichinosuke , Moridaira Naoko , Nitto Yukari , Ogawa Sayaka , Sakurai Mariko , Sasaki Natsu , Tobayama Mutsuko , Yamauchi Kanako , Obikane Erika , Odawara Miyuki , Sakka Mariko , Takeuchi Kazuki , Tokita Masahito
Published: April 2023

Objectives

This study examined the effectiveness of a newly developed work–family life support program on the work–family interface and mental health indicators among Japanese dual-earner couples with a preschool child(/ren) using a randomized controlled trial with a waitlist.

Methods

Participants who met the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated to the intervention or the control groups (n = 79 and n = 85, respectively). The program comprised two 3-h sessions with a 1-month interval between them and provided comprehensive skills by including self-management, couple management, and parenting management components. The program sessions were conducted on weekends in a community center room with 3–10 participants. Outcomes were assessed at baseline, 1-month, and 3-month follow-ups. Primary outcomes were work–family balance self-efficacy (WFBSE), four types of work–family spillovers (i.e., work-to-family conflict, family-to-work conflict, work-to-family facilitation, and family-to-work facilitation), psychological distress, and work engagement reported by the participants.

Results

The program had significantly pooled intervention effects on WFBSE (P = .031) and psychological distress (P = .014). The effect sizes (Cohen’s d) were small, with values of 0.22 at the 1-month follow-up and 0.24 at the 3-month follow-up for WFBSE, and −0.36 at the 3-month follow-up for psychological distress. However, the program had nonsignificant pooled effects on four types of work–family spillovers and work engagement.

Conclusions

The program effectively increased WFBSE and decreased psychological distress among Japanese dual-earner couples with a preschool child(/ren).
Required number of self‐drilling screws for built‐up column comprising cold‐formed lipped channel sections to ensure flexural buckling as a single unit member
Authors: Mitsui Kazuya , Sato Atsushi , Ikarashi Kikuo
Published: April 2023

This study analyzed the flexural buckling behavior of light‐gauge built‐up compression members joined by self‐drilling screws by using the energy method. A nonconventional mechanical model that simulates the flexural buckling behavior of a built‐up member was proposed, and the contradictions of Bleich's model were described. A simple design formula that directly reflects the parameters of built‐up members was derived based on the proposed model. Furthermore, to ensure flexural buckling as a single unit member, the required stiffening stiffness and number of self‐drilling screws were proposed.
Primary Glial Cell and Glioblastoma Morphology in Cocultures Depends on Scaffold Design and Hydrogel Composition
Authors: Andrade Mier Mateo S. , Bakirci Ezgi , Stahlhut Philipp , Blum Robert , Dalton Paul D. , Villmann Carmen
Published: April 2023

3D cell cultures better replicate the in vivo environment compared to 2D models. Glioblastoma multiforme, a malignant brain tumor, highly profits from its cellular environment. Here, the U87 glioblastoma cell line in the presence/absence of primary astrocytes is studied. Thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA‐SH) hydrogel reinforced with microfiber scaffolds is compared to Matrigel. Hyaluronic acid is a major extracellular matrix (ECM) component in the brain. Poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds are written by meltelectrowriting in a box and triangular shaped design with pore sizes of 200 µm. Scaffolds are composed of 10‐layers of PCL microfibers. It is found that scaffold design has an impact on cellular morphology in the absence of hydrogel. Moreover, the used hydrogels have profound influences on cellular morphology resulting in spheroid formation in HA‐SH for both the tumor‐derived cell line and astrocytes, while cell viability is high. Although cocultures of U87 and astrocytes exhibit cell–cell interactions, polynucleated spheroid formation is still present for U87 cells in HA‐SH. Locally restricted ECM production or inability to secrete ECM proteins may underlie the observed cell morphologies. Thus, the 3D reinforced PCL‐HA‐SH composite with glioma‐like cells and astrocytes constitutes a reproducible system to further investigate the impact of hydrogel modifications on cellular behavior and development.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Novel Quercetin Derivatives as PPAR‐γ Partial Agonists by Modulating Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Lung Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Ballav Sangeeta , Bhosale Mrinalini , Lokhande Kiran Bharat , Paul Manash K. , Padhye Subhash , Swamy K. Venkateswara , Ranjan Amit , Basu Soumya
Published: April 2023

Epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) is responsible for driving metastasis of multiple cancer types including lung cancer. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor (PPAR)‐γ, a ligand‐activated transcription factor, controls expression of variety of genes involved in EMT. Although several synthetic compounds act as potent full agonists for PPAR‐γ, their long term application is restricted due to serious adverse effects. Therefore, partial agonists involving reduced and balanced PPAR‐γ activity are more effective and valued. A previous study discerned the efficacy of quercetin and its derivatives to attain favorable stabilization with PPAR‐γ. Here this work is extended by synthesizing five novel quercetin derivatives (QDs) namely thiosemicarbazone (QUETSC)) and hydrazones (quercetin isonicotinic acid hydrazone (QUEINH), quercetin nicotinic acid hydrazone (QUENH), quercetin 2‐furoic hydrazone (QUE2FH), and quercetin salicyl hydrazone (QUESH)) and their effects are analyzed in modulating EMT in lung cancer cell lines via PPAR‐γ partial activation. QDs‐treated A549 cells diminish cell proliferation strongly at nanomolar concentration compared to NCI‐H460 cells. Of the five screened derivatives, QUETSC, QUE2FH, and QUESH exhibit the property of partial activation as compared to the overexpressive level of rosiglitazone. Consistently, these QDs also suppress EMT process by markedly downregulating the levels of mesenchymal markers (Snail, Slug, and zinc finger E‐box binding homeobox 1) and concomitant upregulation of epithelial marker (E‐cadherin).
Percolation and Supply Behavior of Lubricant on Porous Self‐Lubricating Material
Authors: Zhang Guotao , Cai Weijie , Wei Xicheng , Yin Yanguo
Published: April 2023

This article aims to investigate the percolation and supply behavior of lubricant on the porous self‐lubricating material. The numerical model is established to describe the infiltration‐exudation response in the deformed porous material. It is found that the lubricant stored in the pores is forced to flow when the loaded porous matrix deforms. The flow drives the seepage stratification in the porous body and forms an interlayer flow zone. The fluid pressure gradient in the normal direction is the internal factor of the seepage stratification. The interlayer flow zone first appears in the middle of the vertical direction of the porous matrix. With the increase of loading time, the interlayer flow zone gradually moves from the middle to the bottom of the porous matrix, which means that the quantity of the lubricant stored in the porous surface decreases. In the whole process of the seepage response, the lubricant flows out from the inlet and continuously supplies lubricant to the contact area. Delaying the downward movement of the interlayer flow zone can ensure the continuous exudation of the lubricant, which is beneficial to maintain excellent lubrication characteristics.
Vaccination of TLR7/8 Agonist‐Conjugated Antigen Nanoparticles for Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wang Ning , Zhang Guiqiang , Zhang Peiyu , Zhao Kaijie , Tian Yuan , Cui Jiwei
Published: April 2023

Nanovaccine‐based immunotherapy can initiate strong immune responses and establish a long‐term immune memory to prevent tumor invasion and recurrence. Herein, the assembly of redox‐responsive antigen nanoparticles (NPs) conjugated with imidazoquinoline‐based TLR7/8 agonists for lymph node‐targeted immune activation is reported, which can potentiate tumor therapy and prevention. Antigen NPs are assembled via the templating of zeolitic imidazolate framework‐8 NPs to cross‐link ovalbumin with disulfide bonds, which enables the NPs with redox‐responsiveness for improved antigen cross‐presentation and dendritic cell activation. The formulated nanovaccines promote the lymphatic co‐delivery of antigens and agonists, which can trigger immune responses of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and strong immunological memory. Notably, nanovaccines demonstrate their superiority for tumor prevention owing to the elicited robust antitumor immunity. The reported strategy provides a rational design of nanovaccines for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.
Interfacial‐Catalysis‐Enabled Layered and Inorganic‐Rich SEI on Hard Carbon Anodes in Ester Electrolytes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Liu Mingquan , Wu Feng , Gong Yuteng , Li Yu , Li Ying , Feng Xin , Li Qiaojun , Wu Chuan , Bai Ying
Published: April 2023

Constructing a homogenous and inorganic‐rich solid electrolyte interface (SEI) can efficiently improve the overall sodium‐storage performance of hard carbon (HC) anodes. However, the thick and heterogenous SEI derived from conventional ester electrolytes fails to meet the above requirements. Herein, an innovative interfacial catalysis mechanism is proposed to design a favorable SEI in ester electrolytes by reconstructing the surface functionality of HC, of which abundant CO (carbonyl) bonds are accurately and homogenously implanted. The CO (carbonyl) bonds act as active centers that controllably catalyze the preferential reduction of salts and directionally guide SEI growth to form a homogenous, layered, and inorganic‐rich SEI. Therefore, excessive solvent decomposition is suppressed, and the interfacial Na+ transfer and structural stability of SEI on HC anodes are greatly promoted, contributing to a comprehensive enhancement in sodium‐storage performance. The optimal anodes exhibit an outstanding reversible capacity (379.6 mAh g−1), an ultrahigh initial Coulombic efficiency (93.2%), a largely improved rate capability, and an extremely stable cycling performance with a capacity decay rate of 0.0018% for 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1. This work provides novel insights into smart regulation of interface chemistry to realize high‐performance HC anodes for sodium storage.
Polypyrrole Electrodes Show Strain‐Specific Enhancement of Photocurrent from Cyanobacteria
Authors: Roullier Charlotte , Reggente Melania , Gilibert Pierrick , Boghossian Ardemis A.
Published: April 2023

The discovery of extracellular electron conduits has spurred new applications in microbial electronics. Except for a limited number of exoelectrogens, most microbes are surrounded by insulating membranes that impair extracellular electron transfer. This study focuses on the fabrication of a conductive polypyrrole (PPy) coating for enhancing microbial charge extraction. The polymer deposition is characterized and optimized using a combination of potentiodynamic and potentiostatic measurements as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐Ray (EDX) analysis, and Raman spectroscopy. The electrodes are used to extract photosynthetic electrons from the cyanobacteria Synechocystis sp. PCC6803 (Synechocystis) and Synechococcus Elongatus PCC7942 (Elongatus). The PPy electrode shows a sixfold increase in extracted photocurrent for Synechocystis under unmediated conditions compared to bare graphite electrodes. This enhancement is attributed to the decreased resistance and increased electroactive surface area of the PPy electrode. By contrast, Elongatus shows no substantial difference in photocurrent between the PPy and bare electrodes. Compared to Synechocystis cells, the Elongatus cells show limited electrode adherence with weaker charge interactions. These findings lay the framework for designing customized polymer electrodes for strain‐specific charge extraction.
Copper Composites and Laser Sintering: Novel Hybridization Method for 3D Printed Electronics
Authors: Rafael Rémi , Chan Paddy K. L.
Published: April 2023

Additive manufacturing of electronic devices is challenging because plastics and metals, which are both required as insulator and conductor, respectively, have very distinct thermal properties. Despite significant research efforts, the currently available electronic‐printing methods are still limited by low printing speeds and high manufacturing costs. In this work, a hybrid printing method is proposed that combines fused deposition modeling (FDM) with laser sintering to print thermoplastics and copper in a single process. A copper and copper‐oxide composite filament is developed that is compatible with FDM printing. The composite undergoes in situ reduction under laser exposure and produces a highly conductive copper network. Using the home‐developed 3D printer, 3D conductive vias embedded in thermoplastic dielectric are demonstrated. The printed copper electrodes have low resistivity of 4 × 10−4Ω cm and are compatible with soldering. This novel metal‐deposition approach and setup prove a novel concept for developing modern electronics using additive manufacturing.
Automated and Wireless Accelerated Heat Soak Testing System to Assess Hermetic Failure Mechanism of Inductively Powered Implantable Medical Applications
Authors: Yeon Pyungwoo , Kim Min‐gu , Wang Pingyu , Kim Choongsoon , Brand Oliver , Ghovanloo Maysam
Published: April 2023

Reliability and lifetime estimation of implantable medical devices (IMDs) is one of the essential steps in their design and development. As any failure of IMDs can result in serious health risks for the patients, they should be guaranteed not to fail over their intended lifetime under the harsh body fluidic and chemical environments. Traditional leak tests are applicable to large cm‐scale IMDs, and they are often destructive, laborious, and costly. This paper presents an automated and wireless accelerated heat soak testing system to assess hermetic failure mechanisms in small mm‐sized inductively powered IMDs. A high‐throughput readout coil array printed circuit board can test hermeticity of multiple mm‐sized wireless IMDs simultaneously in a harsh environment (e.g., 45 °C/90% RH with an error range of ±0.2% for 18 days gage repeatability and reproducibility test). An accelerated heat soak test is performed to evaluate the electronic durability and estimate the lifetime of the IMDs. This work focuses on validating the proposed system interrogating with eight inductor–capacitor sensors, composed of an interdigitated capacitive sensor connected to an inductor patterned polyimide substrate, to examine hermetic failure mechanisms of parylene‐C encapsulation for wireless IMDs as well as broader miniature‐sized consumer electronics.
Electrostatic Repulsion‐Induced Highly Enhanced Dispersibility of Conductive Carbon Electrode with Shape Memory‐Assisted Self‐Healing Effect for Multi‐Modal Sensing System
Authors: Sun Jingzhe , Ahn Dahye , Kim Junseo , Han Seunghye , Cha Seokjun , Lee Jiwoo , Choi Hyeongsub , Ahn Seongcheol , Kim Hyungwoo , Kim Yoong Ahm , Park Jong‐Jin
Published: April 2023

A composite with shape memory‐assisted self‐healing and piezoresistive sensing ability is presented herein, and its high conductivity is attributed to a small amount of well‐dispersed carbon black (CB). Carboxylic acid groups are introduced into the polyvinyl butyral (PVB) side chain via the ring‐opening reaction of succinic anhydride. Thus, CB is well‐dispersed in the solution owing to simultaneous attraction and electrostatic repulsion. The resulting ink with less than 30 wt.% CB is highly conductive (3.7 S cm−1). In addition, hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) is used as a crosslinking agent to promote the reaction between OH and COOH in the side chains of the PVB‐COOH. The dual network consisting of urethane and amide bonds exhibits the shape memory effect. Moreover, the composite is shown to be capable of shape memory‐assisted self‐healing owing to the hydrogen bonds between the dual network and COOH, such that the resistance returns to its initial value, and the healed sample can support a 1 kg weight. The resulting multi‐modal sensing system is shown to detect bio‐signals such as body movements, breathing, and pulse. In summary, the present work provides an effective strategy for the development of conductive composite electrodes for various applications that require adaptability and piezoresistive sensing ability.
Thermomechanical and Creep Behaviors of Multilayered Metallization Systems Developed for High‐Temperature Surface Acoustic Wave Sensors
Authors: Karimzadeh Atefeh , Park Eunmi , Seifert Marietta , Menzel Siegfried B. , Winkler Andreas
Published: April 2023

The structural stability and durability of a sensing device at high‐temperatures (HT) have important effects on its functionality and reliability. This becomes more critical in the devices that work based on the surface acoustic waves (SAW). In this study, the thermomechanical and creep behaviors of the metallization systems, RuAl, MoLa, and Mo suggested for the electrodes of HT‐SAW sensors are investigated. Several experiments are designed to obtain the state and the value of stress in the films deposited on a Si [100] substrate caused by the fabrication process and the operational conditions. Results show that after the film deposition, the intrinsic compressive stress in the MoLa film is significantly lower than the other films. However, after annealing the samples, the lowest residual stress is reached in the Mo. Linear stress variations during the thermal cycling of the annealed samples are obtained for all metallizations. To study the durability of the films at HT, the creep behavior of the samples is investigated by keeping them at a temperature of 600 °C for 10 h. The creep rate and its constitutive equation for the films are obtained. It is observed that the creep rate of MoLa and Mo films is much lower than RuAl.
4D Printed Thermoplastic Polyamide Elastomers with Reversible Two‐Way Shape Memory Effect
Authors: Li Siyuan , Li Zhen , Mei Shuxiang , Chen Xiaoyin , Ding Bowen , Zhang Yuancheng , Zhao Wei , Zhang Xiaomeng , Cui Zhe , Fu Peng , Pang Xinchang , Liu Minying
Published: April 2023

4D printing has become a research hotspot in recent years. Only a few elastomer materials can be printed by selective laser sintering (SLS) and achieve a reversible two‐way shape memory effect (2W‐SME) at the same time, which greatly limits the applications of 4D printing. Therefore, it's still a challenge to develop a new elastomer possessing reversible 2W‐SME. In this work, a series of thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPAEs) are synthesized successfully through the polycondensation reaction of PA1212 prepolymer and polyetheramine, which exhibited excellent thermal stability, flexibility, and resilience. The crystalline PA1212 hard domains acted as a skeleton to maintain the permanent shapes, and the polyether soft segments acted as actuation phase to realize crystallization‐induced elongation (CIE) and melting‐induced contraction (MIC) under internal stress. The reversible 2W‐SME of T0.6‐2 films is first realized, and the reversible response strain can reach 15.2% and a good shape recovery ratio is also achieved. After freeze‐crushing and sieving, SLS‐printable TPAE powder is obtained, and the SLS‐processed samples also exhibited excellent reversible 2W‐SME to realize 4D printing. This new TPAE material not only broadens 4D printable materials, but also has a potential in the fields of soft robots, temperature sensors, and even aerospace equipment.
In Situ Determination of the Orientation of the Emissive Dipoles in Light‐Emitting Electrochemical Cells
Authors: Ràfols‐Ribé Joan , Hänisch Christian , Larsen Christian , Reineke Sebastian , Edman Ludvig
Published: April 2023

The orientation of the emissive dipoles in thin‐film devices is important since it strongly affects the light outcoupling and thereby the device emission efficiency. The light‐emitting electrochemical cell (LEC) is particularly interesting in this context because its emissive dipoles are located in a high electric‐field p‐n junction, which is formed in situ by redistribution of bulky ions. This implies that the dipole orientation could be distinctly different in the driven LEC compared to the pristine device. This study develops the destructive‐interference microcavity method for the accurate in situ determination of the orientation of the emissive dipoles during LEC operation and apply it on a common LEC device comprising an amorphous conjugated polymer termed Super Yellow as the emitter. It is found that ≈95% of the emissive dipoles are oriented in the horizontal direction with respect to the thin‐film plane in both the pristine LEC and during steady‐state light emission. This finding is attractive since it enables for efficient outcoupling of the generated photons, and interesting because it shows that a horizontal orientation of the emissive dipoles can remain despite the existence of a strong perpendicular electric field and the nearby motion of bulky ions during LEC operation.
Point‐of‐Care Paper‐Based Sensors through Surface Etching of Gold Nanostars
Authors: Yi Jiuhong , Xianyu Yunlei
Published: April 2023

Paper‐based analytical devices as a low‐cost and point‐of‐care sensing platform have attracted widespread research interest. However, the device fabrication and signal readout remain a challenge for their real‐world applications. Herein, a technically simple paper‐based sensor is developed by taking advantage of the easily accessible paper and the plasmonic property of gold nanomaterials. The sensing mechanism relies on the iodide‐mediated surface etching of gold nanostars that induces a color change from blue to red of the paper strip. The versatility of the paper substrate in size, shape, and materials allows for the facile immobilization of gold nanostars by a simple immersing method, which is easy to operate and free from specialized skills and equipment. In addition, the readout of the paper strip can be conveniently visualized by the naked eye or through a smartphone. This paper‐based sensor advantages in low cost, light weight, easy handling, and disposability that holds great promise as a point‐of‐care detection platform in resource‐constrained settings.
Anode‐Patterned Monorail‐Structure Fiber‐Based Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with Long Lifetime and High Performance for Truly Wearable Displays
Authors: Kong Seong Uk , Jeon Yongmin , Lee Ho Seung , Hwang Yong Ha , Chang Jaehyeock , Kim Hagseon , Kim Chan Young , Choi Kyung Cheol
Published: April 2023

This paper presents a novel monorail‐structure fiber‐based organic light‐emitting diode (MFOLED) with the anode patterned like a monorail to enhance operating reliability. The MFOLED improves the uniformity of layer thickness within the light‐emitting region on cylinder fiber despite using only a thermal evaporation method. The device exhibits outstanding operating lifetime (LT50, 720 h), luminance (59335 cd m−2), and current efficiency (70.89 cd A−1), the highest performances published to date. Additionally, red, green, and blue MFOLEDs are fabricated using the same method and driven by a microcontroller unit to confirm the feasibility of implementing fiber‐based subpixels. Based on these results, this work is expected to establish a new benchmark for fiber‐based OLEDs and contribute to the realization of truly wearable displays.
Integrative Single‐Cell Transcriptomics and Epigenomics Mapping of the Fetal Retina Developmental Dynamics
Authors: Li Ruonan , Liu Jiangyi , Yi Ping , Yang Xianli , Chen Jun , Zhao Chenyang , Liao Xingyun , Wang Xiaotang , Xu Zongren , Lu Huiping , Li Hongshun , Zhang Zhi , Liu Xianyang , Xiang Junjie , Hu Ke , Qi Hongbo , Yu Jia , Yang Peizeng , Hou Shengping
Published: April 2023

The underlying mechanisms that determine gene expression and chromatin accessibility in retinogenesis are poorly understood. Herein, single‐cell RNA sequencing and single‐cell assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin sequencing are performed on human embryonic eye samples obtained 9–26 weeks after conception to explore the heterogeneity of retinal progenitor cells (RPCs) and neurogenic RPCs. The differentiation trajectory from RPCs to 7 major types of retinal cells are verified. Subsequently, diverse lineage‐determining transcription factors are identified and their gene regulatory networks are refined at the transcriptomic and epigenomic levels. Treatment of retinospheres, with the inhibitor of RE1 silencing transcription factor, X5050, induces more neurogenesis with the regular arrangement, and a decrease in Müller glial cells. The signatures of major retinal cells and their correlation with pathogenic genes associated with multiple ocular diseases, including uveitis and age‐related macular degeneration are also described. A framework for the integrated exploration of single‐cell developmental dynamics of the human primary retina is provided.
Microbe‐Mediated Biosynthesis of Multidimensional Carbon‐Based Materials for Energy Storage Applications
Authors: Shen Shenghui , Chen Yanbin , Zhou Jiancang , Zhang Haomiao , Xia Xinhui , Yang Yefeng , Zhang Yongqi , Noori Abolhassan , Mousavi Mir F. , Chen Minghua , Xia Yang , Zhang Wenkui
Published: April 2023

Biosynthesis methods are considered to be a promising technology for engineering new carbon‐based materials or redesigning the existing ones for specific purposes with the aid of synthetic biology. Lots of biosynthetic processes including metabolism, fermentation, biological mineralization, and gene editing have been adopted to prepare novel carbon‐based materials with exceptional properties that cannot be realized by traditional chemical methods, because microbes evolved to possess special abilities to modulate components/structure of materials. In this review, the recent development on carbon‐based materials prepared via different biosynthesis methods and various microbe factories (such as bacteria, yeasts, fungus, viruses, proteins) are systematically reviewed. The types of biotechniques and the corresponding mechanisms for the synthesis of carbon‐based materials are outlined. This review also focuses on the structural design and compositional engineering of carbon‐based nanostructures (e.g., metals, semiconductors, metal oxides, metal sulfides, phosphates, Mxenes) derived from biotechnology and their applications in electrochemical energy storage devices. Moreover, the relationship of the architecture–composition–electrochemical behavior and performance enhancement mechanism is also deeply discussed and analyzed. Finally, the development perspectives and challenges on the biosynthetic carbons are proposed and may pave a new avenue for rational design of advanced materials for the low‐carbon economy.
Highly Active and Durable Metal‐Free Carbon Catalysts for Anion‐Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Yang Liu , Liu Huibing , Qiao Zelong , Sun Panpan , Li Danyang , Jiang Run , Liu Shengwen , Niu Ziqiang , Zhang Yongguang , Lin Ting , Zhang Qinghua , Gu Lin , Wang Shitao , Cao Dapeng , Chen Zhongwei
Published: April 2023

The development of highly active and durable platinum‐free oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts is of vital importance for the practical application of anion‐exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs). Herein, a metal‐free carbon catalyst (marked as NDPC‐1000) with a graphitic N‐regulating defect structure is specifically designed and developed for AEMFCs by integrating theoretical calculations and experiments. Density functional theory calculations first reveal that the graphitic N can tailor the charge density of pentagon and armchair defects to reach the top of the adsorption energy‐activity volcano plot, while the enhanced durability is attributed to the high dissociation energy of the CN covalent bond. Under this guidance, the synthesized NDPC‐1000 demonstrates its high ORR activity and durability in alkaline media. With H2/O2 reacting gases, the AEMFC with this catalyst as the cathode delivers a peak power density of 913 mW cm−2. Unprecedented fuel cell durability is verified via continuous operation over 100 h at 0.25 A cm−2 with only a voltage decay of ≈25%, which is the greatest among all reported metal‐free‐based AEMFCs. Here a theory‐guided experiment strategy is provided for the development of high‐performance and durable ORR catalysts for AEMFCs.
Polypharmacy and cumulative anticholinergic burden in older adults hospitalized with fall
Authors: Wong Ho Lun , Weaver Claire , Marsh Lauren , Mon Khine Oo , Dapito John M. , Amin Fouad R. , Chauhan Rahul , Mandal Amit K. J. , Missouris Constantinos G.
Published: April 2023

Introduction

Polypharmacy is a growing phenomenon associated with adverse effects in older adults. We assessed the potential confounding effects of cumulative anticholinergic burden (ACB) in patients who were hospitalized with falls.

Methods

A noninterventional, prospective cohort study of unselected, acute admissions aged ≥ 65 years. Data were derived from electronic patient health records. Results were analyzed to determine the frequency of polypharmacy and degree of ACB and their relationship to falls risk. Primary outcomes were polypharmacy, defined as prescription of 5 or more regular oral medications, and ACB score.

Key Results

Four hundred eleven (411) consecutive subjects were included, mean age 83.8 ± 8.0 years: 40.6% men. There were 38.4% patients who were admitted with falls. Incidence of polypharmacy was 80.8%, (88.0% and 76.3% among those admitted with and without fall, respectively). Incidence of ACB score of 0, 1, 2, ≥ 3 was 38.7%, 20.9%, 14.6%, and 25.8%, respectively. On multivariate analysis, age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.030, 95% CI:1.000 ~ 1.050, P = 0.049], ACB score (OR = 1.150, 95% CI:1.020 ~ 1.290, P = 0.025), polypharmacy (OR = 2.140, 95% CI:1.190 ~ 3.870, P = 0.012), but not Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR = 0.920, 95% CI:0.810 ~ 1.040, P = 0.172) were significantly associated with higher falls rate. Of patients admitted with falls, 29.8% had drug‐related orthostatic hypotension, 24.7% had drug‐related bradycardia, 37.3% were prescribed centrally acting drugs, and 12.0% were taking inappropriate hypoglycemic agents.

Conclusion

Polypharmacy results in cumulative ACB and both are significantly associated with falls risk in older adults. The presence of polypharmacy and each unit rise in ACB score have a stronger effect of increasing falls risk compared to age and comorbidities.