bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wetting Mode Transition of Water Droplets by Electrowetting on Highly Hydrophobic Surfaces Coated with Two Different Silanes
Authors: Furuta Tsutomu , Sakai Munetoshi , Isobe Toshihiro , Matsushita Sachiko , Nakajima Akira
Published: December 2011

Highly hydrophobic surfaces with nanoscale roughness were prepared by coating two fluoroalkylsilanes (FAS17 and FAS3) respectively onto boehmite deposition layers. The droplet shape change on the surface was then observed with application of voltage between the droplet and the coating surfaces. The wetting mode transition on FAS3 coating advanced continuously once the applied voltage exceeded 120 V, whereas that on FAS17 coating at less than 200 V. The droplet shape changed with sustaining air phase at the solid–liquid interface.
Pentose Acting as a Sacrificial Multielectron Source in Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Water by Pt-doped TiO2
Authors: Shiragami Tsutomu , Tomo Takayuki , Tsumagari Hikaru , Yuki Ryota , Yamashita Toshiaki , Yasuda Masahide
Published: December 2011

Photocatalytic reaction was performed by irradiation of Pt-doped TiO2 in an aqueous solution of xylose acting as a sacrificial reagent to evolve hydrogen, whose amounts reached 8.6 equivalents to the xylose used.
Magnetic Separation of Cesium Ion Using Prussian Blue Modified Magnetite
Authors: Sasaki Takahiro , Tanaka Shunitz
Published: December 2011

Prussian-blue-modified magnetite (PB-Fe3O4) was prepared by a simple method. The Cs+ sorption ability of PB-Fe3O4 was evaluated by batch magnetic separation. As a result, the maximum sorption amount of Cs+ with PB-Fe3O4 was 16.2 mg g−1, and the sorption ability was not greatly changed in the presence of high concentration of NaCl. The recovery of PB-Fe3O4 from water by magnet predicted that it was sufficiently applicable to treatment of water contaminated with radioactive Cs+.
Microwave-energy Distribution for Reduction and Decrystallization of Titanium Oxides
Authors: Fukushima Jun , Kashimura Keiichiro , Takayama Sadatsugu , Sato Motoyasu
Published: December 2011

In this study, we examine the reduction behavior of TiO2−x during microwave irradiation at the maximum point of the H field in a single-mode cavity (H-field irradiation). The reduction of TiO2−x was greater and the decrease in the activation energy (Ea) for reduction was higher when microwave irradiation was used than when conventional heating was used. TiO2−x was decrystallized and formed a nanodomain structure with a 5–10 nm particle size. From these results, we determined the amount of microwave energy distributed as activation, kinetic, and thermal energies.
Synthesis of 2-Iminoindolines via Samarium Diiodide Mediated Reductive Cyclization of Carbodiimides
Authors: Ishida Takayuki , Tsukano Chihiro , Takemoto Yoshiji
Published: December 2011

A method of synthesizing 2-iminoindolines using samarium diiodide (SmI2) is reported. In the presence of tert-butyl alcohol, treatment of carbodiimides bearing α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moieties with a stoichiometric amount of SmI2 afforded 2-iminoindolines in moderate to high yields. The products were isolated after Boc protection of the amidine moieties. This reaction proved to be applicable to lactams and acyclic/cyclic esters as substrates.
Aqueous Dispersions of Carbon Nanotubes with Self-assembled Micelles of Photosensitive Amphiphilic Random Copolymer Containing Coumarin
Authors: Liu Jingcheng , Wang Baoqing , Xiong Xiaomei , Luo Jing , Liu Xiaoya
Published: December 2011

A general approach toward dispersing carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in aqueous solution was reported by using photosensitive micelles as dispersant. Micelles are made from a novel photo-crosslinkable amphiphilic random copolymer P(St/VM-co-MA), which first self-assembled around carbon nanotubes in selective solvent (DMF/H2O) and then underwent photo-crosslinking to generate micelle-encapsulated carbon nanotubes. It was found that the photo-crosslinked micelle-encapsulated carbon nanotubes could form a very stable suspension in aqueous solution, indicating the micelles are effective for dispersing carbon nanotubes.
Template Synthesis of Nanoporous Carbons through Iodine Stabilization of Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium
Authors: Miyajima Naoya , Tanaike Osamu , Matsumura Taiyu , Imai Syunya , Sakane Hideto , Iiyama Taku
Published: December 2011

Iodine treatment before carbonization was applied to carboxymethylcellulose sodium to increase the char yield of carbons and to form NaI particles in the carbon matrix. A novel template synthesis of nanoporous carbons was achieved by removing NaI. The mechanism of this method was verified by the porosity and structure of the products obtained during the synthesis.
TiO2 Nanotube Utilizing a CNT Template and Its Performance as the Anode of a Dye-sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Nishino Hitoshi , Matsuyoshi Hiroaki , Sakamoto Hiroki , Tomita Haruo , Sasaki Hirokazu , Nishida Ryoichi , Tabuchi Minoru , Hayama Hidekazu
Published: December 2011

A new TiO2 nanotube (TiO2-NT) was synthesized utilizing a carbon nanotube template via the precursor of the TiO2-coated carbon nanotube (TiO2-CNT). The obtained TiO2-NT was tubular in shape, several µm in length, 100–150 nm in external diameter, and around 30 nm in inner diameter. The TiO2-NT was mixed with TiO2 nanoparticles to fabricate anodes of dye-sensitized solar cells, with the anodes showing an improvement in conversion efficiency from 9.6% of nonadditives to 10.4% of 2 wt % additives.
Fast Diffusion of Water Molecules into Chemically Modified SiO2 Films Formed by Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Ohtake Atsushi , Kobayashi Kinya , Kurokawa Syuhei , Ohnishi Osamu , Doi Toshiro
Published: December 2011

We investigated water permeation properties into silicon oxide (SiO2) and chemically modified SiO2 films. The water permeability of fluorinated SiO2 (SiOF) is higher than that of SiO2, indicating that SiOF may have fast diffusion paths constructed from SiO–F structures formed by the breaking of Si–O–Si networks by F atoms. It is suggested that the presence of these fast diffusion paths can explain the reason for the high water permeability of various kinds of SiOF and other low-k films.
A Survey on National Selection for Specialty Training
Authors: Cunningham A , Rennie CE , Tolley NS
Published: December 2011

In April 2010 the first national selection interviews for otolaryngology specialty training year three (ST3) recruitment were held in Leeds. Like many other medical and surgical specialties in the UK and abroad, ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgery has now moved to a nationally coordinated system of application and shortlisting, and a single-centre interview. This change has been brought about by the governing bodies, the specialist advisory committee and the UK Association of Programme Directors in ENT following a pilot in 2009.
Out-Of-Hours Clinics in Hospitals
Authors: Masterson LM , Bueser T , Hanif J
Published: December 2011

Enabling patients to have more choice about how, when and where they receive treatment is part of the new government's health strategy. This study assessed the potential benefit to both the patient and the hospital in providing an 'out-of-hours' service.
Where is General Paediatric Surgery Going? An Analysis of General Paediatric Surgery in South Wales, 1997–2006
Authors: Beasley WD , Surana R
Published: December 2011

Traditionally, general paediatric surgery (GPS) has been delivered by general surgeons, often in district general hospitals (DGHs). Changes to higher training in general surgery as a result of Calmanisation, the European Working Time Regulations and Modernising Medical Careers has meant that fewer general surgical higher trainees are being exposed to GPS Together with changes in paediatric anaesthesia working practices and guidelines, the future delivery of GPS services in DGHs is in jeopardy. The burden on specialist paediatric surgical units (SPSUs) will increase with implications for the training of paediatric surgical trainees. Evidence from England has shown that there has been a shift of paediatric surgical services from DGHs to SPSUs.
Tomorrow's Doctors: Students' Satisfaction with a Prosection-Based Undergraduate Anatomy Course
Authors: Overbeck-Zubrzycka D , Krishnan A , Hamilton D , Searle RF , Stansby G
Published: December 2011

The undergraduate curriculum is the starting point for the doctors of the future. It should provide a strong foundation for learning and practice as a junior doctor and beyond. In the modern era, anatomy teaching, as with all other areas of the curriculum, has needed to be tailored to fulfill this outcome effectively. Traditionally, anatomy has been taught by a method based on dissection of the human body. Dissection of the human body during an anatomy course raises questions about invasion of privacy, issues of introducing dying and death appropriately to medical students as well as issues of cost and practicality. These issues have been the subjects of much debate.
Procedure-based assessments: an evaluation of their role in reflective learning
Authors: Green LA , Chetter IC
Published: December 2011

Procedure-based assessment (PBA) has, together with other common workplace assessments, become the cornerstone of a surgical trainee's evaluation process, the annual review of competency progression.
The Virtual Reality Laparoscopic Colorectal Curriculum
Authors: Reed N , Berlingieri P , Wynn G
Published: December 2011

The virtual reality (VR) laparoscopic colorectal curriculum is a unique and innovative learning opportunity for surgical trainees. Although it can enhance the skills of senior surgeons, its main aim is to introduce junior surgeons to the concept and practice of laparoscopic colorectal surgery before they might have the opportunity to perform such surgery on patients in theatres. Based at the Medical Simulation Centre at the Royal Free hospital in London (http://www.rfh-simulator-centre.co.uk/), the curriculum equips the trainee with the technical skills to perform a VR laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy independently to objectively defined benchmarks calculated from surgeons who have completed over 100 laparoscopic colorectal resections.
The myClinicalOutcomes website: providing real-time, patient-level PROMs data
Authors: Williams Dan
Published: December 2011

The national patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) programme has been under way since April 2009, yet the true value of capturing and utilising these metrics has yet to be realised. The current system needs to evolve and should deliver real-time, patient-level benefits for more procedures, bringing long-term monitoring into routine clinical practice. The myClinicalOutcomes website is a low-cost, straightforward web-based system that could improve the current situation.
Unlocking the value in patient-reported outcome measures
Authors: Boast Melanie
Published: December 2011

It takes an entrepreneurial spirit to opt for a career in NHS IT development, but former orthopaedic registrar and co-founder of campaigning group Remedy UK, Matt Jameson Evans, has taken the plunge.
Education in Critical Care at the College
Authors: Bryden Daniele , Jameson John , Breckwoldt Natasha , Jewell Jonathan
Published: December 2011

The College is a world leader in the development and provision of surgical skills. There is appropriate focus on technical skills training, particularly for trainees who have less opportunity for hands-on training than hitherto. however, an expertly performed operation may lead to disaster for a patient if he or she is not appropriately cared for peri-operatively. This responsibility is shared across the surgical team but out of hours it falls mainly on trainees. The recent RCS/Department of health report on the state of emergency surgical care in the UK, The Higher Risk General Surgical Patient, has highlighted the variability in outcomes and in the provision of emergency services nationwide.
New FDS website to go live in 2012
Authors: Brown Stephen
Published: December 2011

The Faculty of Dental Surgery of the RCS has now been online for more than 10 years. During this period its website (www.rcseng.ac.uk/fds) has changed its appearance several times. over the next few months another radical change is set to take place: the Royal College of Surgeons, of which we are a part, is redesigning the way it interacts online with its fellows and members, consultants, trainees, the public and the media; so, as our website is part of theirs, our website will change to match. The new College website is currently expected to go live in spring 2012.
Reflections from the New world
Authors: Williams Norman
Published: December 2011

I have returned recently from the American College of Surgeons (ACS) Annual Clinical Congress in San Francisco.This, as you might expect, is a huge event, with up to 15,000 delegates from all over the world. I have always had a sneaking admiration for the American 'can do' attitude, their ability to face up to problems and effectively address them in a rapid timeframe.
Robotic Surgery: da Vinci® and beyond
Authors: Bennett Katie
Published: December 2011

In 2001 the first da Vinci® robot (Intuitive Surgical Inc) was installed in the UK at St Mary's hospital, London. It was initially used for high-volume, standard surgical procedures. More than 10 years on, 27 robots are in use in England. The da Vinci® robot, used primarily in urology but also in gynaecology, ENT, colorectal, cardiology and paediatrics, is making an indelible mark on the NHS.
Will they stay or will they go? Retaining managers in voluntary sector community services
Authors: Cortis Natasha , Hilferty Fiona , Chan Sharni
Published: December 2011

This article explores the retention of managers in voluntary sector community services. Qualitative research in New South Wales, Australia, shows managers and non-managers alike are sustained by opportunities to ‘make a difference’. However, management roles are perceived as unappealing because of hefty administration, low pay and limited opportunities to advance. Multivariate analysis indicates that managerial staff are more committed to remain in community services than their non-managerial counterparts. However, this depends on other factors, including the extent to which managerial roles involve frontline service provision. We suggest ways to retain voluntary sector managers, focusing on job design, particularly for manager-practitioners.
Citizens bridging the gap? Interpretations of volunteering roles in two public health projects
Authors: South Jane , Kinsella Karina , Branney Peter
Published: December 2011

The aim of this paper is to critically examine the rationale for citizen engagement in the delivery of public health programmes through exploring perspectives on volunteer roles in two case studies: a neighbourhood health project based in a disadvantaged housing estate and a sexual health outreach project working with men who have sex with men. Interviews were conducted with stakeholders, including managers, practitioners, volunteers and service users. Volunteers were found to perform a bridging function, connecting disadvantaged communities to welfare provision, and they were engaged in social networks beyond their immediate role. The paper concludes by arguing that citizen engagement in public health is not a superficial response to welfare deficits, but should be framed as an appropriate strategy to address health inequalities at community level, within a citizenship framework.
Forward to the past: can the UK black and minority ethnic third sector survive?
Authors: Craig Gary
Published: December 2011

This is a review of the UK black and minority ethnic (BME) third sector that has emerged since the 1950s, identifying research and policy issues facing the sector now. The sector has been marginalised both in relation to welfare policy as a whole but also within the third sector more specifically. The BME ‘voice’ is now, at a time of severe financial pressure but growing needs, in danger of disappearing.
New directions for giving: raising levels of giving in the UK?
Authors: Smith Sarah , Sanders Michael
Published: December 2011

The United Kingdom (UK) government has stated its desire to increase levels of giving, including money donations. This paper assesses the prospects for achieving this goal. It discusses potential policy tools, including tax incentives as well as insights from ‘behavioural economics’.
Nonword Reading Tests: A Review of the Available Resources
Authors: Colenbrander Danielle , Nickels Lyndsey , Kohnen Saskia
Published: December 2011

Response to Intervention (RTI) models of reading instruction have received much attention in the literature (Fuchs, Mock, Morgan, & Young, 2003; Hosp & Ardoin, 2008; Justice, 2006). Such models call for frequent and high-quality assessment of students' skills. One skill that is vital in the process of learning to read is the ability to sound out letters and blend these sounds together to produce a word. According to Dual Route models of reading (e.g., Coltheart, Rastle, Perry, Langdon, & Ziegler, 2001), these skills comprise the sublexical route to reading. This is best assessed by tests of nonword reading. In this article, 17 tests of nonword reading were reviewed in light of RTI and Dual Route models. The aim of the review was to determine the best available nonword reading tests for use at the Tier One and Tier Two levels of intervention, and the best available nonword reading test for diagnostic (Tier Three) purposes. The review determined that several good-quality tests of nonword reading, suitable for assessing the general functioning of the sublexical route to reading (at the Tier One and Tier Two level), are available, but that no test of nonword reading is available that fulfils all of the desirable criteria for a Tier Three, diagnostic assessment.
Exploring the Perception of Asperger's Disorder
Authors: Kite Donna M. , Tyson Graham A. , Gullifer Judith M.
Published: December 2011

With current preparation for the release of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) in 2013, many changes have been proposed for the diagnostic criteria, including changes to the pervasive development disorder category — of which Asperger's disorder is a part. Using focus group discussions this study explored how Asperger's disorder is perceived by Australian health and education staff, parents of children diagnosed with Asperger's disorder and community members. A total of 51 people participated in eight focus groups. Theory-led thematic analysis of the discussions revealed five themes of aetiology uncertainty, challenging behaviour, barriers in service provision, terminology confusion and label stigma. These themes are discussed in relation to the proposed diagnostic changes and implications for future research.
Agreeing to Agree: A Response to Dempsey's Commentary on the Reported Prevalence by Australian Special Educators of Evidence-Based Instructional Practices
Authors: Carter Mark , Stephenson Jennifer , Strnadová Iva
Published: December 2011

Dempsey (this issue) has provided a commentary on our study (Carter, Stephenson, & Strnadová, 2011) examining the reported rates of use of instructional practices by Australian special educators. Examining this commentary, it is evident that on many issues we are on the same page and agree on many of the fundamental conclusions to be drawn from the study. Nevertheless, Dempsey did express concern regarding several aspects of the reporting of the study, which were suggested to have the ‘potential to mislead’ readers. In essence, these criticisms revolve around four substantive points and these will each be addressed.
BOOK REVIEWS
Authors: Daviault Christine , Henderson Margaret , Macleod Scott , Moore Dr Tony
Published: December 2011

GENDERED TRANSFORMATIONS: THEORIES AND PRACTICES ON GENDER AND MEDIA, TONNY KRUNEN, CLAUDIA ALVARES AND SOFIE VAN BAUMEL (EDS) (2011) Bristol, UK: Intellect, 239 pp., ISBN 9781841503660, Paperback, AUS$40 PUSH COMES TO SHOVE: NEW IMAGES OF AGGRESSIVE WOMEN, MAUD LAVIN (2010)
Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 300 pp., ISBN 9780262123099, Hardback, AUD$42.99, US$27.95 DIRECTORY OF WORLD CINEMA: AUSTRALIA & NEW ZEALAND, BEN GOLDSMITH AND GEOFF LEALAND (EDS) (2010) Bristol: Intellect, 344 pp., ISBN 9781841503738, Paperback, AUS$44.95 FRIDAY ON
OUR MINDS: POPULAR CULTURE IN AUSTRALIA SINCE 1945, MICHELLE ARROW (2009) Sydney: UNSW Press, 274 pp., ISBN 9780868406626, Paperback, AUS$39.95
Privacy, confidentiality and the press
Authors: ERHART ITIR
Published: December 2011

Discussions on the right to privacy usually involve persons in the Lockean sense. However, psychological properties that make up the person can be lost due to neurodegenerative diseases, cerebral tumors or trauma. Depending on the severity of the disease or the trauma the patient may
end up in PVS (persistent vegetative state) or a coma. In this article the privacy rights of these patients will be discussed. In light of two examples − the publication of photographs showing Bülent Ecevit and Barış Akarsu in a coma − it will be argued that
the privacy rights secured by the Turkish Constitution are being violated by the Turkish Press.
Memory and the abyss of communication: Philosophers' collective memory, citation and meaning attribution
Authors: KYPRIANIDOU EFI
Published: December 2011

Are there certain kinds of memory that impose conditions in communicative exchanges? In this article I address this issue having as a reference case the well known debate between J. Derrida and J. R. Searle. Through the pages of the exchange, Searle appeals to what he conceives as social
memory of (his) philosophical tradition and to the memory of his teacher J. L. Austin, as his (sole) intellectual legatee and authorized spokesman. On the other hand, Derrida 'stretches' the practice of citation - a procedure normally mentioned as a mnemonic practice. In the exchange, memory
is supposed to function as a constraint to the meaning attribution. But can it really play that role? Does any kind of memory constrain the meaning of Searle's (and Derrida's) words? By reading the Searle-Derrida debate as an exemplary case, and focusing on aspects of Derrida's thought, we
argue that the idea of an introspective memory given, which because it appears justifies the formulation of memory beliefs, proves to be intrinsically unreliable. Therefore, we argue that the idea that memory beliefs logically constrain the ascription of meaning is undermined.
The technology of relating to the past and the conditions of memory
Authors: FRITZSCHE ALBRECHT
Published: December 2011

Depending on the modality of the argument, memory can be a source of influence from an indeterminate past or a means of reference to the historical conditions of human life. The historic perspective is strongly related to the Enlightenment. Based on recent contributions to the philosophy
of technology, which describe thinking in terms of tools and machines as a general human activity, historic memory can be interpreted as a technical approach to the past. Similar to the determinate operations in technology, the references to the past though the exhibits of museums, the contents
of archives, and similar means dominate reflection about the past. The mind has to move around them. Nevertheless, they require additional effort to become usable in their function for memory. Technicians illustrate this effort in their role as enablers of tools and machines. Similarly, curators
and archivists can be understood as enablers of relation to the past, in museums, archives, etc. The efforts of technicians can be categorized according to different concepts of rationality. In the discussion about memory, the impact of museums, archives, and other enabling circumstances for
memory is yet rather unclear. The comparison with technology can serve as an inspiration for further research in this direction.
Object recognition and content
Authors: SÁNCHEZ LYDIA , CAMPOS MANUEL
Published: December 2011

Puzzles concerning attitude reports are at the origin of traditional theories of content. According to most of these theories, content has to involve some sort of conceptual entities, like senses, which determine reference. Conceptual views, however, have been challenged by direct reference
theories and informational perspectives on content. In this paper we lay down the central elements of the more relevant strategies for solving cognitive puzzles. We then argue that the best solution available to those who maintain a view of content as truth conditions is to abandon the idea
that content is the only element of mental attitudes that can make a difference as to the truth value of attitude reports. We finally resort to means of recognition of objects as one obvious element that helps explain differences in attitudes.
The fabrication of memory in communication
Authors: FELL ELENA
Published: December 2011

The relation of our past memories and our communication with others is not simply that of linear causality, whereby our memories smoothly glide into our communicative performance and remain unaffected themselves. Psychologists reveal the opposite process where a current communication
has an effect on our memories, not just influencing their selection but also producing false recognition. In this article I will attempt to give a philosophical evaluation of this twofold relationship of memory and communication, paying a special attention to the fabrication of memories, to
the significance of this process for the effectiveness of social integration, and to the effects it may have on our authenticity as individuals.An act of communication is not a creation ex nihilo but is a culmination of numberless physical and psychological processes, one of which is remembering,
forgetting and recalling. What we say ourselves may be a logical and smooth prolongation of our memories and our past lives, but what we hear from others is not. The information that is communicated to us may contradict our previous beliefs, our previous understanding of the matter in question,
and even threaten our established worldview. This is acutely felt by people who have to live through a value-changing period in their society or through a crisis in their personal life.Nevertheless we are required to maintain the communicative process and respond to new demands, and so
we have to find ways of adapting ourselves to the new information, even if our past experiences and beliefs cannot serve as a foundation for accepting it. We can, however, construct such a foundation retrospectively, making ourselves believe that we were being prepared for this new situation.
For example, the people who lived through the collapse of the Soviet Union, had to face a complete change of values, and the process of adaptation seemed less traumatic for those who, (as far as I observed) fabricated or inflated their own supposed disagreement with the system prior to the
political changes.
Attention as bounded resource and medium in cultural memory: A phenomenological or economic approach?
Authors: BERNARDY JÖRG
Published: December 2011

What is the role of attention in the dialectics of memory and communication? How far is attention functioning as a medium? Which role does attention play in the information management practices? Attention is not only fundamental to human existence but also to the process of understanding.
If understanding is mediated by memory (tradition) and communication (dialogue) then attention can be identified with the medium. So whenever you search to explain the role and mechanisms of memory in the information society, the question of attention is asked immediately. Furthermore, attention
can be analyzed under the following topics: as cognitive process, as subjective, intersubjective and cultural phenomenon, and as resource and medium within an 'Attention Economy'. Whereas the first aspect has to be seen in the context of empirical studies in psychology and cognitive sciences,
the phenomenological, cultural, and economic aspects seem to have common points and similar implications in their theoretical approaches. In the last twenty years, the notion of attention has been the central core of several discourses in German phenomenology (Bernhard Waldenfels, 2004), economy
(Franck) and cultural studies (Assmann). Similar to Georg Franck's theory of mental capitalism, the idea of an attention economy also was followed up in the American discourse (e.g. Goldhaber; Lanham). This article is supposed to explore the role of attention and its function as a medium within
communication, cultural memory and science.
Communication, stereotypes and dignity: The inadequacy of the liberal case against censorship
Authors: LUCAS PETER
Published: December 2011

J. S. Mill's case against censorship rests on a conception of relevant communications as truth apt. If the communication is true, everyone benefits from the opportunity to exchange error for truth. If it is false, we benefit from the livelier impression truth makes when it collides
with error. This classical liberal model is not however adequate for today's world. In particular, it is inadequate for dealing with the problem of stereotyping. Much contemporary communication is not truth apt. Advertising and journalism, film and fashion portray images that can be neither
verified nor refuted. Moreover, where these images do bear some relation to reality, any truth they may possess is not necessarily beneficial. Cultural stereotypes, for example, can be harmful even when true, to the extent that they reflect a distorted reality (the realities of life under
conditions of injustice and exploitation). Exposure to such stereotypes affects a community's self-conception. The resulting harms may be direct or indirect. Indirect harm is done when a stereotype affects a community's capacity for self-determination, perpetuating existing inequalities by
restricting the options its members understand to be available to them. Direct harm is done when a stereotype induces a distorted self-conception. Pace Kant, human dignity is not purely a function of our capacity to be authors of a universal moral law. It also resides in our capacity to achieve
an undistorted self-conception. Thus true communications that reflect a distorted historical reality may threaten our dignity, through their effects on our self-conception, independent of any consequences they may have for self-determining action.
Communication in online fan communities: The ethics of intimate strangers
Authors: JAMES CHRISTINE A.
Published: December 2011

Dan O'Brien gives an excellent analysis of testimonial knowledge transmission in his article 'Communication Between Friends' (2009) noting that the reliability of the speaker is a concern in both externalist and internalist theories of knowledge. O'Brien focuses on the belief states
of Hearers (H) in cases where the reliability of the Speaker (S) is known via 'intimate trust', a special case pertaining to friendships with a track record of reliable or unreliable reports. This article considers the notion of 'intimate trust', specifically in the context of online fan communities,
in which the amount of time as a member of an online fan community and the extent of one's posting history often results in something like 'intimate trust' between fans who are, for all other purposes, strangers. In the last two years, Twitter has provided a number of celebrities with a place
to update fans and 'tweet' back and forth an innumerable number of times in any given day. This accentuates the intimacy to such a level that it becomes a 'caricature of intimacy' - the minute-to-minute updates accentuate the illusion that the fan 'knows' the celebrity, but the distance and
mediation are still carefully maintained. This is an issue with both ethical and epistemological implications for fan-fan and fan-celebrity relationships online, considering ethics of care and ethics of justice, whether fans 'owe' celebrities a certain amount of distance and respect, and whether
stars owe the fan something in return, either in the sense of reciprocal Kantian duties or Aristotelian moderation.
Can level of interactivity be measured?
Authors: KARIMOVA GULNARA Z.
Published: December 2011

This study identifies two major problems related to the theory of interactivity: how interactivity can be defined and how it can be measured. The article addresses these problems by critiquing existing classifications and scales for measuring the level of interactivity. It suggests
an alternative way of looking at interactivity from the Bakhtinian perspective and states that interactivity is a relation and therefore, cannot be measured.
REVIEW
Authors: Sassu Gianluigi
Published: December 2011

PHILOSOPHICAL APPROACHES TO COMMUNICATION, CLAUDE MANGION, (2011) first edition, Bristol and Chicago: Intellect, 330 pp, ISBN 978-1-84150-429-2 , paperback £19.95/$40
[De]Composing ghosts: The failure of truth and the truth of failure from James to Oates
Authors: Math Trafton
Published: December 2011

In the prologue to Henry James’s The Turn of the Screw, the frame narrator explicitly warns his audience that the ghost story to follow will not reveal any of its mysteries, at least, ‘not in any literal vulgar way’. The novella itself famously withholds any final
explanation of its ambiguous ghosts, which has in part led to Joyce Carol Oates’s re telling of the tale in her ‘Accursed inhabitants of the house of Bly’ (1994). Though accused of simplistically making the inexplicit explicit, her tale complexly investigates the limits of
the search for truth, and demonstrates that while a delivery of all of the dead letters of the original ostensibly recomposes James’s narrative holes, it also simultaneously decomposes the original, asking far more questions than it answers. Drawing from Alain Badiou’s concept
both of the void that represents invisible nothingness and of the ‘phantom remainder’ that unhinges the thesis of stable knowledge and suggests the inaccessibility of the truth of being, this article will explore the ways in which the treatment of ghostliness exposes the intricate
haunting in the relationship between a revision and its original, between a narrative and the event it narrates, and between knowledge and the truth that exceeds it. In applying Badiou’s Being and Event to an investigation of how James’s and Oates’s tales compose, decompose
and recompose narrative structures in order to articulate an event, it will become clear that the narrative act paradoxically both induces and exorcises the haunting void, and as such, provides the means of negotiating the irretrievable loss of the truth of being.
Hybrid vigour: Heterogeneity, horror and history in George R. R. Martin’s Fevre Dream
Authors: Newell Jonathan
Published: December 2011

Equal parts antebellum steamboat odyssey and gothic vampire story, Fevre Dream (1982) is a consciously hybrid novel, one that embodies, encompasses and ultimately transcends multiple genres. My article uses Monster Theory – especially Nina Auerbach’s theory that vampires
tend to personify a historical Zeitgeist – to deconstruct the generic play of Fevre Dream, demonstrating that the novel’s hybridism, rather than undermining aesthetic unity of effect, in fact engenders its success both as a historical novel and a tale of terror. In doing so the
article not only interrogates the rigidity of generic boundaries but shows how the horrific specifically can complement rather than contaminate an otherwise realistic historical narrative.
An ethics of decomposition: Ian McEwan’s early prose
Authors: Ionica Cristina
Published: December 2011

While in the last few decades Ian McEwan’s prose progressively moved towards a sort of ‘emancipated realism’, McEwan’s early works – the short story volumes First Love, Last Rites (1975) and In Between the Sheets (1978) and the short novel The Cement Garden
(1978), in particular – seem to operate under a rather different representational convention. Horrific imagery apparently borrowed from sources as diverse as the traditional Gothic novel, modern horror films or violent pornography is almost blinding at the surface level – and,
in fact, every level of the narrative progresses steadily towards dissolution in a manner reminiscent of the violent strategies of decomposition of avant-garde movements such as Dadaism, surrealism or expressionism, or of the Theatre of the Absurd. These strategies denounce the seemingly realist
construction of the texts as a no longer consequential carcass that can only serve as an object of mockery. As the historical avant-gardes have done before him, McEwan offers to his readers, in his early texts, the Enlightenment notion of the consistency and relatability of human experience
as a hideous, grinning head on a stick. This article will discuss the correlation between horrific imagery and various narrative and linguistic strategies of textual decomposition in McEwan’s early prose, in an attempt to elucidate McEwan’s particular type of ethical engagement
at that point in his career as a writer.
Repetition with a difference: Representation and the uncanny in House of Leaves
Authors: Laura Barrett
Published: December 2011

The uncanny permeates Mark Danielewski’s House of Leaves (2000), a postmodern version of the classic haunted house tale. Characters are stalked by their pasts, the novel is burdened with its own belatedness in the history of the genre, and language seems to suffer from its own
imprecision and inauthenticity. Rather than resulting in mere repetition, however, incessant echoes of the past give rise to new visions. The anxiety of influence that seems to plague Danielewski perhaps ironically provides a route out of entropy and derivation. A series of imperfect narrators
and editors describe the eponymous house whose interior dimensions belie the limits of its architecture, suggesting that the possibilities of any medium are boundless. The novel simultaneously reveals the failures and triumphs of representations, uncanny in their simultaneous fullness and
emptiness, their presence and absence. The haunted structure in Danielewski’s novel represents the novel, the darkroom, the canvas, the digital image – any medium able to be interpreted, any medium whose distance from reality renders it familiar and yet strange, any medium that
creates the world as it attempts to replicate it.
Abstract comics and the decomposition of horror
Authors: Peter Schwenger
Published: December 2011

The recent rise of abstract comics raises the problem of how horror can be conveyed in a purely non-representational mode. This article compares the strategies for evoking horror employed by three abstract comics. The shapes of Henrik Rehr’s Reykjavik simultaneously evoke a threatening
geological exterior and an equally threatening interior, accelerating from horror into terror. To make The Panic, Andrei Molotiu resorted to a lengthy technical process out of which ambiguous forms emerged spontaneously; this Rorschach-like effect becomes part of the horror of his comic. Alexey
Sokolin’s Life, Interwoven layers dozens of drawings in a steady progression of crowdedness and darkening, again moving from horror to terror. In all three comics the very obscurity of these abstract images contributes to their emotional impact.
Uncanny city: Revisiting Alexandria's haunted spaces
Authors: Wilson Colette
Published: December 2011

This article explores an aspect of France’s relations with North Africa that has hitherto received relatively little attention from cultural commentators working in the broad area of postcolonial Francophone studies, certainly in the United Kingdom, namely, the photographic representation
of Alexandria in the 1980s and 1990s. During this period the city was finally emerging from the near oblivion in which it was plunged following the Suez Crisis of 1956 and the subsequent expulsion by the Egyptian government of the cosmopolitan community which had been responsible for its erstwhile
success and prosperity since the 1850s. The article takes the photobook Alexandrie revisitée (Hassoun 1998) published as part of the celebrations surrounding L’Année France-Égypte launched by Presidents Jacques Chirac and Hosni Mubarak, as a representative case study
of the depiction of the city at the end of the twentieth century. Using theories of nostalgia, the uncanny, and photography, this study demonstrates how the aesthetic form and content of Alexandrie revisitée functions as a historical, cultural, political and memorialist document, as
well as a product of the ‘special relationship’ between France and Egypt.
Plotting terrorism: Mahi Binebine's Les Etoiles de Sidi Moumen (2010)
Authors: Hamil Mustapha
Published: December 2011

The article problematizes the multifaceted implications (social and psychological) of the thin line separating worldly and sacred dreams, 'terrorism' and 'political dissidence'. Set against the temptation to cut off the past from the present, Binebine's novel imposes a cyclical vision
of history that points to the potential re-surfacing of the past with similar or greater violence. Despite the fact that the novel is inspired by the real events of the 'May 16 Casablanca attacks', it nonetheless does not aspire to supplant the official version of the attacks, nor to construct
a textual memorial for those who committed them. The novel attempts to imagine the human circumstances and motives behind the attacks. To do so, Binebine sets himself the difficult task of imagining the world of a 'dead terrorist' in order to tell his and his friends' story.
Towards best intercultural practice: An analysis of Tim Supple's pan-Indian A Midsummer Night's Dream
Authors: O’TOOLE EMER
Published: December 2011

Director Tim Supple's British Council-funded production of A Midsummer Night's Dream (2006) was a pan-Indian and Sri Lankan spectacular. Working with performers from a diversity of sub-continental cultural, linguistic, socio-economic and performance backgrounds, Supple created a boldly
physical adaptation of Shakespeare that toured globally for three years. Drawing on intercultural and postcolonial theory, this article tackles both the potentially productive working models and the potentially uncomfortable power dynamics arising from Supple's production. A Midsummer Night's
Dream was performed in eight different languages: a fact that allowed it to operate intraculturally and to guard a sense of place in an international arena. The sexual and violent nature of its staging, however, lead to troubling Orientalist interpretations in global touring contexts. In thinking
through the effects of these two key dramaturgical choices, this article works towards a pragmatics of best intercultural practice without eliding the socio-political ramifications of cross-cultural exchange.
Adapting musicology's use of affect theories to contemporary theatremaking: Directing Martin Crimp's Attempts on Her Life
Authors: CAMPBELL ALYSON
Published: December 2011

Adopting and adapting musicology's use of affect theories, specifically Jeremy Gilbert's idea of an 'affective analysis' and David Epstein's idea of 'shaping affect', this article looks at Martin Crimp's Attempts on Her Life from a practitioner's perspective. It investigates the challenges
and benefits of adopting an 'affective approach' to directing recent theatre texts that stress the musicality and corporeality of language along with, and at times above, its signifying roles. Rather than locating Aristotelian dramatic climaxes based on narratological or characterological
progression, an affective approach seeks to identify moments of affective intensity, which produce a different sort of impact by working on a 'body-first' methodology, rather than the directly cerebral. That this embodied impact is not ultimately meaningless is one of affect theory's most
vital assertions. This approach has resonance in terms of how directors, performers and critics/theorists approach work of this type.
Comprehensive Health Evaluation of the Newly Adopted Child
Authors: Jones Veronnie F. ,   COMMITTEE ON EARLY CHILDHOOD, ADOPTION, AND DEPENDENT CARE, High Pamela C. , Donoghue Elaine , Fussell Jill J. , Gleason Mary Margaret , Jaudes Paula K. , Rubin David M. , Schulte Elaine E.
Published: December 2011

Children who join families through the process of adoption often have multiple health care needs. After placement in an adoptive home, it is essential that these children have a timely comprehensive health evaluation. This evaluation should include a review of all available medical records and a complete physical examination. Evaluation should also include diagnostic testing based on the findings from the history and physical examination as well as the risks presented by the child’s previous living conditions. Age-appropriate screens should be performed, including, for example, newborn screening panels, hearing, vision, dental, and formal behavioral/developmental screens. The comprehensive assessment can occur at the time of the initial visit to the physician after adoptive placement or can take place over several visits. Adopted children should be referred to other medical specialists as deemed appropriate. The Section on Adoption and Foster Care is a resource within the American Academy of Pediatrics for physicians providing care for children who are being adopted.
Disclosure of plagiarism
Authors: Urednistvo U
Published: December 2011

(retraction) We regretfully announce that the article 'Blind Separation Using Second Order Statistics for Non-stationary Signals' by Jun Du, Ju Liu, Shengju Sang and Jun Wang, published in Volume 7, Number 1 of ComSIS (pp. 163-176, 2010), is a confirmed plagiarism of the original work by Chia-Chi Lin, 'Blind Source Separation For Non-stationary Signals Using Second Order Statistics,' Master Thesis, National Tsing Hua University (NTHU), Hsinchu, Taiwan, July 2007. The Editorial Board of Computer Science and Information Systems sincerely apologizes to the author, Chia-Chi Lin, and his advisors, Professor Wing-Kin Ma1 and Professor Chong-Yung Chi2, for allowing the publication of this article. The article has been removed from the ComSIS Web site (www.comsis.org/Archive/Vol7Num1.htm), and replaced by instructions to download the original work. 1 Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, NT., Hong Kong. institute of Communications Engineering & Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Link to the retracted article 10.2298/CSIS1001163D
Colloidal-chemistry based synthesis of quantized CuInS2/Se2 nanoparticles
Authors: Abazovic Nadica , Jovanovic Dragana , Stoiljkovic Milovan , Mitric Miodrag , Ahrenkil Phillip , Nedeljkovic Jovan , Comor Mirjana
Published: December 2011

Ternary chalcogenide nanoparticles, CuInS2 and CuInSe2, were synthesized in
high- temperature boiling organic non-polar solvent. The X-ray diffraction
analysis revealed that both materials have tetragonal (chalcopyrite) crystal
structure. Morphology of the obtained materials was revealed by using
transmission electron microscopy. Agglomerated spherical CuInS2
nanoparticles with broad size distribution in the range from 2 to 20 nm were
obtained. In the case of CuInSe2, isolated particles with spherical or
prismatic shape in the size range from 10 to 25 nm were obtained, as well as
agglomerates consisting of much smaller particles with diameter of about 2-5
nm. The particles with the smallest diameters of both materials exhibit
quantum size effect.
Synthesis and in vitro anti breast cancer activity of some novel 1,5-benzothiazepine derivatives
Authors: Ameta K.L. , Rathore Nitu , Kumar Biresh
Published: December 2011

The title compounds 3a-j, substituted 1,5-benzothiazepines were synthesized
by the condensation of variously substituted chalcones 1 and 2-
aminothiophenol 2 via conventional as well as non-conventional inorganic
solid support microwave irradiation methods. The non-conventional protocol
offers several advantages such as simple procedure, fast reaction rate, mild
reaction conditions and improved yields compared to conventional methods. The
structures of the products 3a-j were established by elemental analysis, FTIR,
1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectroscopic studies. The synthesized compounds
have also been evaluated for the cytotoxicity against human breast cancer
cell line MDA-MB-435 with some exhibiting in vitro anti-breast cancer
activities.