bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlating semiconductor nanoparticle architecture and applicability for the controlled encoding of luminescent polymer microparticles
Authors: Scholtz Lena , Eckert J. Gerrit , Graf Rebecca T. , Kunst Alexandra , Wegner K. David , Bigall Nadja C. , Resch-Genger Ute
Published: May 2024

Luminophore stained micro- and nanobeads made from organic polymers like polystyrene (PS) are broadly used in the life and material sciences as luminescent reporters, for bead-based assays, sensor arrays, printable barcodes, security inks, and the calibration of fluorescence microscopes and flow cytometers. Initially mostly prepared with organic dyes, meanwhile luminescent core/shell nanoparticles (NPs) like spherical semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) are increasingly employed for bead encoding. This is related to their narrower emission spectra, tuneability of emission color, broad wavelength excitability, and better photostability. However, correlations between particle architecture, morphology, and photoluminescence (PL) of the luminescent nanocrystals used for encoding and the optical properties of the NP-stained beads have been rarely explored. This encouraged us to perform a screening study on the incorporation of different types of luminescent core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals into polymer microparticles (PMPs) by a radical-induced polymerization reaction. Nanocrystals explored include CdSe/CdS QDs of varying CdS shell thickness, a CdSe/ZnS core/shell QD, CdSe/CdS quantum rods (QRs), and CdSe/CdS nanoplatelets (NPLs). Thereby, we focused on the applicability of these NPs for the polymerization synthesis approach used and quantified the preservation of the initial NP luminescence. The spectroscopic characterization of the resulting PMPs revealed the successful staining of the PMPs with luminescent CdSe/CdS QDs and CdSe/CdS NPLs. In contrast, usage of CdSe/CdS QRs and CdSe QDs with a ZnS shell did not yield luminescent PMPs. The results of this study provide new insights into structure–property relationships between NP stained PMPs and the initial luminescent NPs applied for staining and underline the importance of such studies for the performance optimization of NP-stained beads.
Estimating the severity of landscape degradation in future management scenarios based on modeling the dynamics of Hoor Al-Azim International Wetland in Iran-Iraq border
Authors: Joorabian Shooshtari Sharif , Jahanishakib Fatemeh
Published: May 2024

Temporal and spatial changes in land cover in wetland ecosystems indicate the severity of degradation. Understanding such processes in the past, present, and future might be necessary for managing any type of development plan. Therefore, this research has monitored and analyzed the Hoor Al-Azim International Wetland to determine the orientation of its changes in various future scenarios. Wetland status modeling was conducted using developed hybrid approaches and cellular automata along with evaluating the accuracy of the modeled maps. The dynamics of the landscape were simulated using a higher accuracy approach in three scenarios—Water Conservation, Water Decreasing, and Business-as-Usual- to get the level of degradation of the wetland. The results showed that the amount of water in the wetland has decreased in all three periods, and the salt lands and vegetation have undergone drastic changes. The water bodies experienced a reduction of 148,139 ha between 1985 and 2000, followed by a decrease of 9107 ha during the 2000–2015 period. However, based on the results, these developments are expressed better by the developed hybrid approach than the CA-MC approach and are more reliable for future simulation. The figure of merit index, which assesses the hybrid model's accuracy, yielded a value of 18.12%, while the CA-MC model's accuracy was estimated at 14.42%. The assessment of degradation in hexagonal units showed the least degradation in the water conservation scenario compared with the other two scenarios in 2030.
Thermal decomposition study of 4-methyloxybenzyl-glycoside by TG/DTA and on-line pyrolysis-photoionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Wu Lei , Wang Yiming , Yang Liutianyi , Jian Meiling , Ding Yu
Published: May 2024

A flavor precursor of 4-methyloxybenzyl-2, 3, 4, 6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (MBGL) was synthesized via a modified Koenigs–Knorr reaction. The thermal decomposition behaviour and pyrolysis intermediate products of the glycoside were studied by simultaneous thermogravimetric/differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) and synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photoionization mass spectrometry (PIMS). TG/DTA results showed that the largest mass loss rate appeared at a Tp of 246.7 °C. PIMS was used to identify the pyrolysis products of MBGL at 300 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C, respectively. The experimental apparatus had some advantages in real-time analysis and fewer secondary reactions. Some important pyrolysis intermediates, such as the ions of the 4-methyloxybenzyl group at m/z 121 and the glycone moiety at m/z 347, were detected by PIMS. The results indicate that the MBGL was probably showed a different pyrolysis way compared with the other glycosides. This work reports a useful application of synchrotron VUV PIMS in a thermal decomposition study of glycoside flavor precursors.
Arrayed electro-optic modulators for novel WDM multiplexing
Authors: Siahkal‑Mahalle Behrang Hadian , Abedi Kambiz
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a novel silicon-on-chip integrated 4 × 1 wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) multiplexer has been developed. This is the first time that the multiplexer design incorporates arrayed electro-optical modulators with crosstalk cancellation. The design utilizes two types of electro-optic modulators in each channel. The first modulator, based on 1D-PhCNBC, extracts the desired wavelengths from the WDM spectrum. The second modulator, based on coupled hybrid plasmonics, acts as a switch to eliminate crosstalk of the desired optic wavelength signal at the multiplexer output. By combining the advantages of electro-optical modulators and crosstalk cancellation techniques, we anticipate that our proposed design contributes to the advancement of WDM multiplexing technology and facilitates the implementation of efficient and compact optical communication systems. Additionally, this synergy enables enhanced performance, reduced signal interference, and improved signal quality, leading to more reliable and high-speed data transmission in optical networks. The functionality of the device is theoretically simulated using 3D-FDTD (Finite-Difference Time-Domain) method.
Comparative analysis, diversification, and functional validation of plant nucleotide-binding site domain genes
Authors: Hussain Athar , Khan Aqsa Anwer , Aslam Muhammad Qasim , Nazar Aquib , Zaman Nadir , Amin Ayesha , Mahmood Muhammad Arslan , Mukhtar M. Shahid , Rahman Hafiz Ubaid Ur , Farooq Muhammed , Saeed Muhammed , Amin Imran , Mansoor Shahid
Published: May 2024

Nucleotide-binding site (NBS) domain genes are one of the superfamily of resistance genes involved in plant responses to pathogens. The current study identified 12,820 NBS-domain-containing genes across 34 species covering from mosses to monocots and dicots. These identified genes are classified into 168 classes with several novel domain architecture patterns encompassing significant diversity among plant species. Several classical (NBS, NBS-LRR, TIR-NBS, TIR-NBS-LRR, etc.) and species-specific structural patterns (TIR-NBS-TIR-Cupin_1-Cupin_1, TIR-NBS-Prenyltransf, Sugar_tr-NBS etc.) were discovered. We observed 603 orthogroups (OGs) with some core (most common orthogroups; OG0, OG1, OG2, etc.) and unique (highly specific to species; OG80, OG82, etc.) OGs with tandem duplications. The expression profiling presented the putative upregulation of OG2, OG6, and OG15 in different tissues under various biotic and abiotic stresses in susceptible and tolerant plants to cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD). The genetic variation between susceptible (Coker 312) and tolerant (Mac7) Gossypium hirsutum accessions identified several unique variants in NBS genes of Mac7 (6583 variants) and Coker312 (5173 variants). The protein–ligand and proteins-protein interaction showed a strong interaction of some putative NBS proteins with ADP/ATP and different core proteins of the cotton leaf curl disease virus. The silencing of GaNBS (OG2) in resistant cotton through virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) demonstrated its putative role in virus tittering. The presented study will be further helpful in understanding the plant adaptation mechanism.
Assessment of depression symptoms among cancer patients: a cross-sectional study from a developing country
Authors: Battat Maher , Omair Nawal , WildAli Mohammad A. , Alkaissi Aidah , Amer Riad , Koni Amer A. , Salameh Husam T. , Zyoud Sa’ed H.
Published: May 2024

Cancer patients experience psychological symptoms such as depression during the cancer treatment period, which increases the burden of symptoms. Depression severity can be assessed using the beck depression inventory (BDI II). The purpose of the study was to use BDI-II scores to measure depression symptoms in cancer patients at a large tertiary hospital in Palestine. A convenience sample of 271 cancer patients was used for a cross-sectional survey. There are descriptions of demographic, clinical, and lifestyle aspects. In addition, the BDI-II is a tool for determining the severity of depression. Two hundred seventy-one patients participated in the survey, for a 95% response rate. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 84 years, with an average age of 47 years. The male-to-female ratio was approximately 1:1, and 59.4% of the patients were outpatients, 153 (56.5%) of whom had hematologic malignancies. Most cancer patients (n = 104, 38.4%) had minimal depression, while 22.5%, 22.1%, and 17.0% had mild, moderate, and severe depression, respectively. Education level, economic status, smoking status, and age were significantly associated with depression. The BDI-II is a useful instrument for monitoring depressive symptoms. The findings support the practice of routinely testing cancer patients for depressive symptoms as part of standard care and referring patients who are at a higher risk of developing psychological morbidity to specialists for treatment as needed.
Inhibition of fibril formation by polyphenols: molecular mechanisms, challenges, and prospective solutions
Authors: Sharma Shilpa , Deep Shashank
Published: May 2024

Modulation of the aggregation pathway by polyphenols through interactions with various species generated during aggregation.
Whole blood multiplex measurements using electrochemical aptamer-based biosensors
Authors: d’Astous Élodie V. , Dauphin-Ducharme Philippe
Published: May 2024

Simultaneous measurements of various molecules (“multiplex”) using electrochemical biosensors typically require multiple electrode implementation, which for neonates, hemophiliacs, etc. is problematic.
CsAlB3O6Cl: the rational construction of a KBBF-type structure with aligned 2∞[AlB3O6Cl] layers via introducing unprecedented [AlO3Cl] tetrahedra
Authors: Liu Haoran , Jiao Jiahao , Tudi Abudukadi , Liu Qingyu , Yang Zhihua , Pan Shilie , Zhang Min
Published: May 2024

The first aluminoborate chloride CsAlB3O6Cl was synthesized via AlO4 tetrahedra chlorination. It is a new extension of KBBF-type structure construction with tetrahedra substitution.
Recent advances in C(sp3)–N bond formation via metallaphoto-redox catalysis
Authors: Zhang Juan , Huan Xiao-Die , Wang Xin , Li Guo-Qing , Xiao Wen-Jing , Chen Jia-Rong
Published: May 2024

In this review, the state-of-the-art advances in radical-involved C(sp3)–N bond formation via metallaphotoredox catalysis have been highlighted, which are organized according to different catalytic modes, reaction types, and substrate classes.
Simultaneously resolving BINOL and proline using a stoichiometric cocrystal switch
Authors: Songsermsawad Sarita , Shemchuk Oleksii , Robeyns Koen , Collard Laurent , E. Flood Adrian , Leyssens Tom
Published: May 2024

We here highlight the importance of stoichiometry for simultaneous cocrystal resolution.
Comparison of the interfacial energy and pre-exponential factor for isonicotinamide in various solvents from the induction time and metastable zone width data
Authors: Shiau Lie-Ding
Published: May 2024

For isonicotinamide in methanol, acetone, acetonitrile, and ethyl acetate, the interfacial energy and pre-exponential factor from the MSZW data for isonicotinamide in each solvent were compared with those from the induction time data.
New diclofenac salts with the dense hydrogen bond donor propane-1,3-diaminium
Authors: Breckell Jaxon R. , Conte Luke , Potts Michael W. , Sawant Pradnya S. , Butcher Raymond J. , Vernekar Beena K. , Richardson Christopher
Published: May 2024

The key role of propane-1,3-diaminium cations in structure organisation is highlighted in a series of solvatomorphic diclofenac salts.
Efficient degradation of tetracycline via peroxymonosulfate activation by phosphorus-doped biochar loaded with cobalt nanoparticles
Authors: Wang Yunpeng , Jiao Ting , Zhang Peng , Hou Wanyi , Li Zhongping , Dong Chuan , Zhang Wanying , Zhang Lei
Published: May 2024

The accumulation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) threatens human health because of its potential biological toxicity.
Switchable selectivity to electrocatalytic reduction of furfural over Cu2O-derived nanowire arrays
Authors: Ma Li , Liu Huiling , Wang Cheng
Published: May 2024

Cu2O-derived nanowire arrays exhibit a high selectivity to furfuryl alcohol in the electrocatalytic reduction of FF in weak alkaline medium, and the selectivity switches to hydrofuroin in a strong alkaline electrolyte.
Temperature-dependent excited states for detecting reversible phase transitions in 2D lead(ii) iodide perovskites
Authors: Jamshidi Mahboubeh , Gardner James M.
Published: May 2024

Phase transitions in 2D lead iodide perovskites are investigated by their photoluminescence. The reversible transitions impact the optical properties of the materials. The results may help in designing solar cells and next-generation displays.
A metal and a metalloid Lewis acid bridged by a μ2-phosphinidene
Authors: Biskup David , Schnakenburg Gregor , Espinosa Ferao Arturo , Streubel Rainer
Published: May 2024

Evidence for a bridging phosphinidene complex II is described. Diminishing the steric demand of the Lewis acid led to adduct I which can undergo an unusual dyotropic rearrangement to give III.
Zwitterionic organocatalysis for ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters
Authors: Xu Yue , Guo Peng , Li Zhenjiang , Liu Ziqi , Zhu Tianyu , Wang Yujia , Zhang Hao , He Wei , Lyu Mingfu , Guo Kai
Published: May 2024

Zwitterionic catalytic model for ring-opening polymerization (ROP) was unveiled. Among the designed quaternary ammonium carboxylate zwitterionic catalysts, carnitine, a natural product zwitterion, showed optimal performance in ROPs of cyclic esters.
Iron-doped nickel phosphide hollow nanospheres synthesized by solvothermal phosphidization of layered double hydroxides for electrocatalytic oxygen evolution
Authors: Wang Zeyi , Liu Shuling , Du Jinyu , Xing Yichuang , Hu Yanling , Ma Yujie , Lu Xinyi , Wang Chao
Published: May 2024

Iron-doped nickel phosphide grown on nickel foam ((Ni0.83Fe0.17)2P/NF) is synthesized by solvothermal phosphidization of NiFe-layered double hydroxides (LDHs) on NF with white phosphorus.
Metal organic framework coated vesicular nano-aggregates: an intelligent ‘vehicle’ for sustained and leakage proof release of doxorubicin
Authors: Ukani Hiral , Parmar Bhagyesh , Parsana Nildhara , Kumar Sugam , Aswal Vinod K , El Seoud Omar , Malek Naved
Published: May 2024

ZIF-8 coated ionic liquid based vesicular nano-aggregates as drug vehicle for the chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin in cancer treatment.
Fabricating a PDA-NOate@CuS coated NIR-activatable titanium implant to realize simultaneous antiinfection and osseointegration
Authors: Liu Jiahuan , Li Xiaowan , Xie Shangyu , Ma Ruirui , Wang Hongfei , Ban Shurong , Zhang Chengwu , Guo Lixia
Published: May 2024

A good biocompatible multifunctional Ti implant was constructed, which exhibits synergistic antibacterial activity through photothermal and NO effects, and promotes osseointegration.
Synthesis, characterization and photophysical studies of dual-emissive base-modified fluorescent nucleosides
Authors: Arora Aditi , Kumar Sumit , Kumar Sandeep , Dua Amita , Singh Brajendra K.
Published: May 2024

This research marks a significant step forward, offering rare dual-emissive nucleosides with excellent quantum yields and Stokes shift values, filling a critical gap in the field of nucleoside chemistry.
Characterization of chitosan- and β-cyclodextrin-modified forms of magnesium-doped hydroxyapatites as enhanced carriers for levofloxacin: loading, release, and anti-inflammatory properties
Authors: Bin Jumah May N. , Al Othman Sarah I. , Alomari Awatif Abdulaziz , Allam Ahmed A. , Abukhadra Mostafa R.
Published: May 2024

An advanced form of magnesium-rich hydroxyapatite (Mg·HAP) was modified with two types of biopolymers, namely chitosan (CH/Mg·HAP) and β-cyclodextrin (CD/Mg·HAP), producing two types of bio-composites.
Development of composite separators by coating hydrochloric acid-treated halloysite nanotubes on polypropylene separators for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Deng Qinting , Chuan Xiuyun , Zhao Yupeng , Liu Fangfang , Huang Shizhi , Wu Jianyang
Published: May 2024

(1) HNTs treated with HCl of different concentrations were coated on both sides of PP separators to prepare PP/HNT composite separators. (2) The PP/HNT composite separators exhibited improved physical and electrochemical properties.
A high-spin s-triazine linked fluorenyl radical polymer
Authors: Phan Hoa , Herng Tun Seng , Xudong Hou , Nguyen Linh Khanh , La Vinh The , Huynh Chinh Dang , Ding Jun , Wu Jishan
Published: May 2024

The syntheses of high-spin organic polymers have been a daunting task due to the highly reactive nature of organic radicals, especially when they are ferromagnetically coupled.
Regulation of a Ni3Sn2 intermetallic catalyst using highly dispersed Pd species to boost propyne semi-hydrogenation
Authors: Yan Kelin , Ge Xiaohu , Li Wenhua , Liang Yijing , Xiong Weijian , Zhang Jing , Qian Gang , Chen De , Cao Yueqiang , Zhou Xinggui , Duan Xuezhi
Published: May 2024

Introduction of highly dispersed Pd into well-regulated structures of a Ni3Sn2 intermetallic catalyst contributes to excellent catalytic performance for propyne semi-hydrogenation.
Tetraphenylethylene-based photoresponsive supramolecular organic framework and its metallization for photocatalytic redox reactions
Authors: Wang Fa-Dong , Niu Kai-Kai , Yao Xian-Ya , Yu Shengsheng , Liu Hui , Xing Ling-Bao , Li Pei-Zhou
Published: May 2024

A tetraphenylethylene-based supramolecular organic framework and its nickel-coordinated analogue were assembled, and both exhibited high efficiency in photocatalytic oxidation reactions.
A self-healing elastomer with outstanding mechanical properties was designed based on urea bonds
Authors: Cao Yanpeng , Yan Rui , Wo Xiaoye , Ma Jinlong , Yu Xiao , Li Aijun , Huang Jian , Li Fenghua , Zhang Qixian
Published: May 2024

A high-strength polyurethane elastomer was synthesized by introducing functional segments containing thiourea and oxime–urethane bonds. The colorless transparent material may be used as electronic skin and flexibly self-healing sensors.
High FoM quad‐band THz perfect metamaterial absorber‐based RI sensor for gas sensing applications
Authors: Mishu Sumaia Jahan , Rahman Muhammad Asad , Dhar Nipa
Published: May 2024

Here, a novel design of a microstructured quad‐band terahertz metamaterial absorber is presented consisting of a copper‐based merged circular and square split ring resonator‐integrated over a lead glass substrate intended to detect changes in the surrounding medium's refractive index for gas sensing applications through THz spectroscopy. Outstanding performance is shown by the suggested absorber, which achieves a maximum absorption rate of 99.4%, 98.7%, 99.2%, and 99.4%, at resonance frequencies of 8.055 (), 8.423 (), 9.257 (), and 9.507 () THz, respectively. The quality factors (Q‐factors) attained are 201, 129, 298, and 271 for these four absorption bands. The obtained sensitivity values at these four distinct bands are 3898, 2927, 4719, and 4102 GHz per refractive index unit with high figure of merits (FoM) of 97, 95, 152, and 117, respectively, throughout a range of refractive indices from n = 1.00 to n = 1.05 (with a step size of 0.005). The study's novelty lies in its novel design and remarkable ability to excel in gas sensing with high sensitivity and high FoM across not just one but four distinct THz bands. Furthermore, each band demonstrates significantly superior performance in sensitivity, Q‐factor, and FoM, among other parameters compared to prior research in both gas detection and RI monitoring scenarios, hence exhibiting its potential across a wide range of applications.
Determining the parameters of a dielectric ellipsoid for minimising front echo in Gaussian pulse scattering analysis
Authors: İşcan Emre , Tabatadze Vasil , Eker Sebahattin
Published: May 2024

A novel numerical method is introduced for minimising the presence of scattering echoes in the frontal area of a dielectric ellipsoid through the application of the method of auxiliary sources (MAS) method. This approach utilises a Gaussian radio pulse that spans the frequency spectrum from 0 to 6 GHz. The approach involves determining the properties of an ellipsoid, such as its dimensions and a dielectric permittivity, using a specially developed MATLAB software package to make this ellipsoid invisible. This provides a valuable military and defence technology tool, particularly for stealth and invisibility technology applications. It is beneficial for avoiding detection by radar systems utilised for enemy surveillance and identifying concealed objects. This aims to eliminate the need for metamaterials for invisibility cloaking. The suggested methodology has been confirmed through a validation process, which involved a comparison of the outcomes derived from numerical experiments conducted during pulse echo observations using the FDTD method and an analytical solution. MAS offers a notable advantage over other methods and commercial software by significantly reducing computational time for simulating and analysing 3D dielectric objects. This allows for quicker consideration of various parameter scenarios and optimisation for desired outcomes.
A benchmark rapidly oscillating chemically peculiar (roAp) star:αCir
Authors: Kallinger T. , Weiss W. W. , Kuschnig R. , Stassun K. G.
Published: May 2024

Context.The brightest chemically peculiar magnetic (mCP) star,αCir, is also pulsating. Precise photometric and spectroscopic data, preferably with a long time base, are needed to investigate its evolutionary aspects as well. The present investigation ofαCir offers a space-based high-precision photometry study with high time resolution, covering 20+ years and supplemented by high resolution spectroscopy from the ground.

Aims.We discuss the controversial rotation periods that have been recently reported and we consider new determinations of the actual values. We process the complex pulsation frequency spectrum, considering the implications in modelling the structure ofαCir.

Methods.We developed an automated Bayesian algorithm to consistently search for periodic signals in the WIRE, SMEI, TESS, and BRITE space photometric datasets, complemented by radial velocity data from HARPS.

Results.New observations in 2021 and 2023 from TESS and BRITE indicate a detection ofαCir as a triple system. The rotation period ofαCirAhas been determined as 4.4792890 ± 0.0000018 d. The TESS data show a rich frequency spectrum including threel = 0, sixl = 1, twol = 2, and onel = 3 modes. Of these, five are shown to be rotationally split. The dipole modes show significant curvature in the echelle diagram, probably due to the strong magnetic field ofαCir.

Conclusions.Overall,αCir continues to be a cornerstone of mCP stars. A confirmation of the triple system requires additional space photometry and/or high-resolution spectroscopy to increase the time base. These data are also needed to improve the quality of the pulsation frequency spectrum and to investigate the evolutionary effects at play. A detailed seismic modelling study that considers the effects of a magnetic field on pulsation is subsequently recommended.
The population of Galactic supernova remnants in the TeV range
Authors: Batzofin Rowan , Cristofari Pierre , Egberts Kathrin , Steppa Constantin , Meyer Dominique M.-A.
Published: May 2024

Context.Supernova remnants (SNRs) are likely to be significant sources of cosmic rays up to the knee of the local cosmic-ray (CR) spectrum. They produce gamma rays in the very-high-energy (VHE) (E > 0.1 TeV) range mainly via two mechanisms: hadronic interactions of accelerated protons with the interstellar medium and leptonic interactions of accelerated electrons with soft photons. Observations with current instruments have lead to the detection of about a dozen SNRs emitting VHE gamma rays and future instruments should significantly increase this number. Yet, the details of particle acceleration at SNRs and of the mechanisms producing VHE gamma-rays at SNRs remain poorly understood.

Aims.We aim to study the population of SNRs detected in the TeV range and its properties and confront it to simulated samples in order to address fundamental questions concerning particle acceleration at SNR shocks. Such questions concern the spectrum of accelerated particles, the efficiency of particle acceleration, and the gamma-ray emission being dominated by hadronic or leptonic interactions.

Methods.By means of Monte Carlo methods, we simulated the population of SNRs in the gamma-ray domain and confronted our simulations to the catalogue of sources from the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) Galactic Plane Survey (HGPS).

Results.We systematically explored the parameter space defined in our model, including for example, the slope of accelerated particlesα, the electron-to-proton ratioKep, and the efficiency of particle accelerationξ. In particular, we found possible sets of parameters for which ≳90% of Monte Carlo realisations are found to be in agreement with the HGPS. These parameters are typically found at 4.2 ≳ α ≳ 4.1, 10−5 ≲ Kep ≲ 10−4.5, and 0.03 ≲ ξ ≲ 0.1. We are able to strongly argue against some regions of the parameter space describing the population of Galactic SNRs in the TeV range, such asα ≲ 4.05,α ≳ 4.35, orKep ≳ 10−3.

Conclusions.Our model is so far able to explain the SNR population of the HGPS. Our approach, when confronted with the results of future systematic surveys, such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory, will help remove degeneracy from the solutions and to better understand particle acceleration at SNR shocks in the Galaxy.
Dianoga SIDM: Galaxy cluster self-interacting dark matter simulations
Authors: Ragagnin A. , Meneghetti M. , Calura F. , Despali G. , Dolag K. , Fischer M. S. , Giocoli C. , Moscardini L.
Published: May 2024

Context.Self-interacting dark matter (SIDM) can tackle or alleviate small-scale issues within the cosmological standard model ΛCDM, and diverse flavours of SIDM can produce unique astrophysical predictions, resulting in different possible signatures which can be used to test these models with dedicated observations of galaxy clusters.

Aims.This work aims to assess the impact of dark matter self-interactions on the properties of galaxy clusters. In particular, the goal is to study the angular dependence of the cross section by testing rare (large angle scattering) and frequent (small angle scattering) SIDM models with velocity-dependent cross sections.

Methods.We re-simulated six galaxy cluster zoom-in initial conditions with a dark matter-only run and with full-physics set-up simulations that include a self-consistent treatment of baryon physics. We tested the dark matter-only setup and the full physics setup with the collisionless cold dark matter, rare self-interacting dark matter, and frequent self-interacting dark matter models. We then studied their matter density profiles as well as their subhalo population.

Results.Our dark matter-only SIDM simulations agree with theoretical models, and when baryons are included in simulations, our SIDM models substantially increase the central density of galaxy cluster cores compared to full-physics simulations using collisionless dark matter. SIDM subhalo suppression in full-physics simulations is milder compared to the one found in the dark matter-only simulations because of the cuspier baryonic potential that prevents subhalo disruption. Moreover, SIDM with small-angle scattering significantly suppresses a larger number of subhaloes compared to large-angle scattering SIDM models. Additionally, SIDM models generate a broader range of subhalo concentration values, including a tail of more diffuse subhaloes in the outskirts of galaxy clusters and a population of more compact subhaloes in the cluster cores.
The variation in the response of solar full-disc magnetographs
Authors: Yeo K. L. , Solanki S. K. , Krivova N. A.
Published: May 2024

Context.The utility of full solar disc magnetograms as a long-term record of the photospheric magnetic field requires an understanding of how stable these observations are with time and the systematic differences between the various instruments.

Aims.We compared magnetograms from the KPVT/SPM, SoHO/MDI, SOLIS/VSM, and SDO/HMI with the aim of probing the effect on measured solar magnetism of the variation in instrument response with time, magnetogram signal level, and position on the solar disc.

Methods.Taking near-simultaneous observations from the various instruments, we examined the surface coverage by magnetic activity and the effect of cross-calibrating the various instruments under different assumptions.

Results.By comparing the surface coverage by magnetic activity in the observations from the various instruments, we traced the effect of the time variation in instrument response on the longitudinal magnetogram signal and disc-integrated unsigned magnetic flux. This yielded evidence of acute changes in the response of MDI and VSM with certain events such as the SoHO vacation in 1998 and the upgrade of the VSM CCD camera in 2009. Excluding these changes, the effect of instrument instability on the magnetogram signal and disc-integrated magnetic flux appears to be rather benign, with an associated uncertainty of less than 2%. We determined the magnetogram signal ratio between each instrument pairing as a function of magnetogram signal level and distance from disc centre and with it cross-calibrated the various instruments. We compared the result with that from repeating the cross-calibration with the overall magnetogram signal ratio. This allowed us to estimate the uncertainty in the magnetogram signal associated with the variation in instrument response with magnetogram signal level and distance from disc centre to be about 8%–14%. The corresponding uncertainty in the disc-integrated magnetic flux is about 7%–23%.

Conclusions.To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind to quantify the uncertainty in measured magnetism from the variation in instrument response with time, magnetogram signal level, and disc position. The results here will be useful to the interpretation of SPM, MDI, VSM, and HMI magnetograms. As examples, we applied our findings to selected results from earlier studies based on such data.
Identification of critical essential habitat for demersal fish in the Gulf of Guinea
Authors: Quenum Crespin Luc , El Vally Yeslem , Tapé Joanny , Guitton Jérôme , Ekuban Ebenezer Francis , Kouakou N’Goran David , Le Pape Olivier
Published: May 2024

Habitats of three marine fish species of major interest (Epinephelus aeneus, Pseudotolithus senegalensis, and Pagellus bellottii) at both juvenile and adult life stages were identified and mapped in the western part of the Gulf of Guinea. Habitat suitability models (HSMs) were designed to quantify species- and stage-specific fish densities from scientific survey data collected for the last 40 years according to two environmental descriptors (bathymetry, distance to river mouth) and accounting for temporal contrasts. Delta general linear models were selected to fit with the 0-inflated distribution of the fish density data. Despite their high residual deviance, both the prediction accuracy and robustness of these HSMs were satisfactory. HSMs showed a strong influence of bathymetry on stage-specific fish distribution and a lower and non systematic influence of proximity to river mouths. The spatial distribution of juveniles of E. aeneus and P. senegalensis evidenced their concentration in shallow coastal nurseries. The adults of P. senegalensis were also located in nearshore habitats under estuarine influence, whereas adults of E. aeneus were spread towards deeper waters. P. bellottii did not rely on coastal fringes at juvenile or adult stages. Finally, model outputs showed a decrease in abundance in recent decades for all species at both life stages. These HSMs and maps reveal the importance of the coastal fringe as a critical essential habitat for two of the three studied species and the usefulness of space-based management measures to maintain populations and ensure sustainable fishing exploitation.
Balancing environmental concerns and efficiency in Mediterranean fisheries: Economics of production with a look at market trends
Authors: Ceccacci Alberto , Mulazzani Luca , Malorgio Giulio
Published: May 2024

The fishing sector in the Adriatic Sea is exposed to stricter regulations due to the negative ecological impact of large-scale fisheries, while increasing socio-economic challenges threaten the profitability of the industry. We apply Stochastic frontier and Price formation analysis to the rapido fishery of Chioggia (Italy) in order to investigate potential strategies to enhance the economic performance of the fishery, considering both effort restrictions and market trends. The use of two different methodological approaches emphasizes the need for a comprehensive and flexible approach to fisheries management, taking into account seasonal fluctuations in efficiency and average prices. The results reveal that efficiency variations are significantly influenced by seasonal factors and stock availability, thus indicating a limited capacity of fishers to adapt to changing market conditions. We emphasize the importance of flexible scheduling of fishing days and discuss the opportunity for implementing mixed management systems incorporating a Total Allowable Catch or quotas.
Evaluating the efficiency of essential oils as fumigants in controlling Penicillium digitatum in citrus fruits
Authors: VL Muanpuii Christina , Maisnam Reshmi , L Antuhu Yingmien , Kumari Asha , López-Menchero Jorge Rojas , González-Coloma Azucena , Fe Andrés Maria , Kaushik Nutan
Published: May 2024

Citrus fruits are highly valued for their flavor, nutritional content, and versatility, but their perishable nature makes them susceptible to postharvest losses due to fungal infections. Conventional synthetic fungicides, while effective, raise concerns about food safety and environmental impact. Essential oils have emerged as promising alternatives due to their natural antifungal properties. This study investigates the antifungal activity of four plant essential oils as antifungal fumigants against Penicillium digitatum, the primary cause of green mould disease in citrus fruits. In vitro fumigant assays, Satureja montana essential oil exhibits the highest inhibition percentage against P. digitatum. In vivo experiments confirmed the efficacy of S. montana oil in reducing fungal growth on mandarins. Further analysis of different parameters revealed potential alterations in fruit quality attributes based on ripening, acidity, and firmness. Therefore, essential oils could be a potential alternative and eco-friendly approach for postharvest disease management in citrus fruits, contributing to efforts towards food safety, environmental sustainability, and public health.
Recent advancement in minimal processing of fruits and vegetables: A Review
Authors: Ete Lee , Anubha  , Jayarajan Smruthi
Published: May 2024

Minimal processing is the fastest growing industry. The consumption of minimally processed foods has increased worldwide due to changing consumer attitudes towards fresh, healthy and convenient foods. In today’s busy world, MPFV is an ideal food because it does not require additional requirements and provides a variety of minerals and vitamins necessary for human health. These new market trends have increased the need for the industry to explore new ideas to increase shelf life of the produce. The application of oil based nanoemulsions to minimally processed fruits and vegetables, used as cleaning or disinfecting agents, or added to food coatings, has been shown to significantly improve the microbiological quality and safety of minimally processed f&v. The antibacterial properties of essential oils reduce microbial activity, keeping the food fresh without compromising its quality. Other technologies, such as MAP on small-scale processors, can also play an important role. There are several strategies that can be implemented with the goal of reducing the rate of deterioration of fresh cut crops. The several new emerging technologies, are intelligent packaging, sensors, films, and modified atmosphere.
Advances in Postharvest Management of Cherry Tomato
Authors: Anubha  , Ete Lee , Jayarajan Smruthi
Published: May 2024

The cherry tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) stands as a highly consumed fresh vegetable globally, renowned for its climacteric ripening nature and nutritional richness. Despite its popularity, the inherent challenges of a short shelf life, susceptibility to microbial decay, and mechanical damage contribute to significant postharvest losses. The continuous demand for fresh fruit vegetables containing health-promoting compounds, such as vitamin C, flavonoids, and carotenoids, has fuelled market growth due to both recognized health benefits and vibrant visual appeal. The current review delves into postharvest handling practices crucial for maintaining cherry tomato quality and extending shelf life. Key practices include harvesting, precooling, cleaning, disinfecting, sorting, grading, packaging, storing, and transportation and the advancement in this field. The impact of these practices on the overall postharvest mass loss, particularly in tropical and subtropical climates, is emphasized, with a focus on mitigating biotic and abiotic stresses. The study reviews a spectrum of postharvest technologies for postharvest management of cherry tomato encompassing both physical and chemical treatments. Physical treatments include LowTemperature Conditioning, Controlled Atmosphere (CA), Modified Atmosphere Packaging (MAP), Encapsulation and Ultraviolet Irradiation. Chemical treatments involve Edible Coating, melatonin, salicylates and jasmonate, polyamines, and various other chemical substances. Both physical and chemical treatments facilitate controlled gas diffusion, establishing equilibrium between external and internal gases, enhancing shelf life, and preserving quality. In conclusion, this study provides valuable insights into postharvest management practices and innovative technologies, addressing challenges associated with postharvest management in cherry tomatoes.
Qualitative and Quantitative Study of the Bioactive Compounds in Arbutus Unedo L. from the Ait Ammart Area in Northern Morocco
Authors: Benamari Omar , Rejdali Mohamed , Labhar Amina , Ahidar Naoufal , Benyoub Bouchra , Salhi Amin , Ahari M’hamed , Elyoussfi Abdellah , Amhamdi Hassan
Published: May 2024

The qualitative and quantitative analysis aims to identify secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpenes, and other substances commonly referred to as phytochemicals. Qualitative phytochemical screening relies on color and precipitation tests that indicate the presence or absence of a metabolite, while quantitative analysis accounts for the quantity or concentration of the bioactive compounds contained within the extracts. During the quantitative determination of the total content of phenolics and flavonoids present in the extracts, we used the conventional soxhlet extraction (SE) method with solvents of different polarities. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the impact of solvents with varying polarity on both the extraction yield and phytochemical composition of A. unedo leaves. The findings indicate that yield and polyphenol content vary from one extract to another. Thus, the ethanol extract (EEAU) showed the highest percentage extraction yield (15.23%) and the highest total phenolic content (TPC) with 122.82 ± 5.42 mg GAE/gext. In contrast, the dichloromethane extract (EDAU) had the lowest extraction yield (1.76%), while the methanol extract (EMAU) showed the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) with 45.8 ± 1.3 mg QE/gext. Generally, these data provide information into the phytochemical content of various extracts of the plant growing in the Ait Ammart region. These extracts contain several bioactive substances that will be useful in the formulation of pharmaceutical products for a variety of diseases and may have applications in the food industry.
Seasonal dynamics of the jellyfish Rhizostoma pulmo between the two estuaries of Oued Ghis and Oued Nekkour, Al Hoceima Bay (Moroccan Mediterranean coast)
Authors: Benyoub Bouchra , Benamari Omar , Hasni Soufiane , Aknaf Asmae , Benyoussef Said , Kada Omar , El Ouarghi Hossain
Published: May 2024

In recent decades, the global environmental balance has been disrupted due to new environmental conditions and increasing anthropogenic pressure. In this context, the increase in frequency and magnitude of jellyfish proliferation in the Mediterranean Sea can be examined as an indicator closely associated with potential impacts of global changes. Despite their importance in ecosystem function and services, current knowledge of jellyfish diversity and phenology is largely lacking in the southern Mediterranean Sea, particularly along the Moroccan Mediterranean coast. Rhizostoma pulmo is a large scyphozoan jellyfish endemic to the Mediterranean. It is the second dominant scyphozoan species in the jellyfish community of Al Hoceima Bay. In this article, we explore the seasonal dynamics of the jellyfish R. pulmo between the estuaries of Oued Ghis and Nekkour at Souani Beach. Due to the disparity between the visual abundance of jellyfish and their rare beaching along the shores of Al Hoceima Bay, we implemented a specific method for collecting R. pulmo. This approach involves the use of a coastal trawl, a fishing net 200 meters long with a mesh size of 5 cm, deployed 80 meters from the shore and pulled from both sides by fishermen. Sampling missions conducted throughout the year 2022 revealed that R. pulmo reaches its maximum abundance in summer. The results indicate a maximum abundance of 0.28 ind/m2 in July 2022, with a maximum umbrella diameter reaching 26 cm in August 2022. Under the jellyfish umbrellas, fry of two fish species and one crustacean species were observed, adding an ecological dimension to this study.
Study of the growth of Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) fished on the eastern coast of the Moroccan Mediterranean
Authors: Nasri Hanae , Kasmi Khaoula , Abdellaoui Souad , Omari Abdelouadoud , Slimani Douaa , Melhaoui Reda , Chafi Abdelhafid , Chaabane Khalid
Published: May 2024

Trachurus trachurus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a semipelagic fish common in the waters of the Moroccan Mediterranean and is of major economic importance because it occupies an important place in fish landings. The population of the eastern coast was monitored during the period from October 2017 to September 2018 using monthly sampling. This work focused on the study of the growth biology of this species. In total, 390 specimens were sampled. The total lengths of the individuals collected varied between 7.8 cm and 33.8 cm for a weight that varied from 3.78 g to 310.52 g. The study of the growth of this Carangidae and the estimation of its age are based on the reading of the otoliths. The increase in length follows the linear Von Bertalanffy model; thus, it is rapid for juveniles and decreases with age. Similar growth in length and differential growth in weight were demonstrated between the two sexes. This difference is apparent only from the fourth year onwards and remains in favour of females. The results obtained constitute a valuable contribution to a better understanding of Trachurus trachurus biology and to the implementation of stock assessments to ensure the sustainability of catches of this species.
The synergistic effect of the combination of Ocimum basilicum and Ceratonia siliqua on inflammation and oxidative stress
Authors: Touiss Ilham , Khaili Aymane , Khouya Tarik , Bekkouch Oussama , Harnafi Mohamed , Lahmass Iliass , Alem Chakib , Amrani Souliman , Harnafi Hicham
Published: May 2024

The use of basil and carob in traditional medicine to address inflammation and oxidative stress reflects a long-standing practice rooted in folk medicine. This study was conducted to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of a rosmarinic acid-rich extract of Ocimum basilicum (RAE) combined with a carob aqueous extract (CAE). Paw edema in rats and vascular permeability in mice were measured to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect. The assessment of lipoprotein oxidation was carried out by measuring thiobarbituric acid reactive substances as well as determining the scavenging activity towards lipoperoxyl radicals and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The combination (200 mg/kg) significantly decreased carrageenan-induced rat paw edema and vascular permeability in mice (p<0.001), and these effects were comparable to those of the indomethacin drug (50 mg/kg). Moreover, the combination significantly prevented plasma lipoprotein oxidation and efficiently scavenged lipoperoxyl (IC50= 160 ± 11 μg/ml) and DPPH (IC50= 80 ± 4 μg/ml) radicals. The present study indicates the potential nutraceutical benefits of combining Basil and Carob in the treatment of inflammatory and oxidative stress-related diseases, which is correlated with the high contents of rosmarinic acid, phenolic acids, and fibres.
Impact of Hydrographic Network Organization on the Morphology of the Kert Basin: Analysis of Consequences
Authors: Chahban Mohamed , Akodad Mustapha , Skalli Ali , Gueddari Hicham , Makkaoui Mohamed , Ait Hmaid Hanane , Elyousfi Yassine , Riouchi Ouassila , Baghour Mourad
Published: May 2024

This study investigates the intricate relationship between hydrographic network organization, geological faults, and regional dynamics within the Kert basin in the Eastern Rif region. Through GIS hydrographic analysis, we analyze the impact of the hydrographic network on landscape morphology and hydrological dynamics, emphasizing implications for sustainable water resource management. Results reveal the presence of dendritic and parallel hydrographic networks influenced by geological faults, which guide water flow and shape drainage patterns. Seasonal variations in sediment load show significant transport in September and May, indicating increased torrentiality in upstream areas. Fault structures play a crucial role in landscape formation and water quality, with tectonic movements contributing to the development of reliefs and valleys. Understanding these interactions is vital for developing effective strategies for flood mitigation, ecosystem conservation, and sustainable water supply in the Kert basin and similar regions worldwide.
Study of biological and ecological characteristics of plants resistant to salt and drought conditions, technology of planting them in some places
Authors: Avutxonov Burxon , Sayfiddinov Shakhzod , Ubaydullaev Ziyokhuja
Published: May 2024

The article presents a general classification of plant species adapted to growing in areas with relatively low salinity and soil fertility, including biological and ecological characteristics of plants resistant to drought conditions, and comments on the technology of planting them in some places