bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rabbit derived VL single-domains as promising scaffolds to generate antibody–drug conjugates
Authors: André Ana S. , Dias Joana N. R. , Aguiar Sandra , Nogueira Sara , Bule Pedro , Carvalho Joana Inês , António João P. M. , Cavaco Marco , Neves Vera , Oliveira Soraia , Vicente Gonçalo , Carrapiço Belmira , Braz Berta São , Rütgen Barbara , Gano Lurdes , Correia João D. G. , Castanho Miguel , Goncalves Joao , Gois Pedro M. P. , Gil Solange , Tavares Luís , Aires-da-Silva Frederico
Published: March 2023

Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) are among the fastest-growing classes of therapeutics in oncology. Although ADCs are in the spotlight, they still present significant engineering challenges. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop more stable and effective ADCs. Most rabbit light chains have an extra disulfide bridge, that links the variable and constant domains, between Cys80 and Cys171, which is not found in the human or mouse. Thus, to develop a new generation of ADCs, we explored the potential of rabbit-derived VL-single-domain antibody scaffolds (sdAbs) to selectively conjugate a payload to Cys80. Hence, a rabbit sdAb library directed towards canine non-Hodgkin lymphoma (cNHL) was subjected to in vitro and in vivo phage display. This allowed the identification of several highly specific VL-sdAbs, including C5, which specifically target cNHL cells in vitro and present promising in vivo tumor uptake. C5 was selected for SN-38 site-selective payload conjugation through its exposed free Cys80 to generate a stable and homogenous C5-DAB-SN-38. C5-DAB-SN-38 exhibited potent cytotoxicity activity against cNHL cells while inhibiting DNA-TopoI activity. Overall, our strategy validates a platform to develop a novel class of ADCs that combines the benefits of rabbit VL-sdAb scaffolds and the canine lymphoma model as a powerful framework for clinically translation of novel therapeutics for cancer.
Revealing hazard-exposure heterophily as a latent characteristic of community resilience in social-spatial networks
Authors: Liu Chia-Fu , Mostafavi Ali
Published: March 2023

We present a latent characteristic in socio-spatial networks, hazard-exposure heterophily, to capture the extent to which populations with dissimilar hazard exposure could assist each other through social ties. Heterophily is the tendency of unlike individuals to form social ties. Conversely, populations in hazard-prone spatial areas with significant hazard-exposure similarity, homophily, would lack sufficient resourcefulness to aid each other to lessen the impact of hazards. In the context of the Houston metropolitan area, we use Meta’s Social Connectedness data to construct a socio-spatial network in juxtaposition with flood exposure data from National Flood Hazard Layer to analyze flood hazard exposure of spatial areas. The results reveal the extent and spatial variation of hazard-exposure heterophily in the study area. Notably, the results show that lower-income areas have lower hazard-exposure heterophily possibly caused by income segregation and the tendency of affordable housing development to be located in flood zones. Less resourceful social ties in hazard-prone areas due to their high-hazard-exposure homophily may inhibit low-income areas from better coping with hazard impacts and could contribute to their slower recovery. Overall, the results underscore the significance of characterizing hazard-exposure heterophily in socio-spatial networks to reveal community vulnerability and resilience to hazards.
Health-promoting behavior to enhance perceived meaning and control of life in chronic disease patients with role limitations and depressive symptoms: a network approach
Authors: Yun Je-Yeon , Yun Young Ho
Published: March 2023

The association between health-related role limitations in the mental and physical subdomains and clinical status (i.e., chronic disease and comorbid depressive symptoms) is mediated by health-promoting behaviors. To enhance health-promoting behaviors in adults with chronic disease, it is necessary to identify item-level associations among targets of health-related monitoring and management. Therefore, the current study used a network approach to examine associations among health-related role limitations, depressive symptoms, existential well-being, socioeconomic position, and health-promoting behavior in adults with chronic disease. A total of 535 adults (mean ± SD age = 62.9 ± 11.9 years; males, n = 231, females, n = 304) who were regularly visiting an outpatient clinic for chronic disease treatment participated in this cross-sectional study. Data on participant demographics, chronic disease diagnoses, socioeconomic status, health-related role limitations (12-item short form survey scores), depressive symptoms (patient health questionnaire-9 scores), existential well-being (scores for four items of the McGill quality of life questionnaire-Revised), and health-promoting behavior (Healthy Habits Questionnaire scores) were acquired. “Undirected regularized partial correlations” and “directional joint probability distributions” among these variables were calculated using a mixed graphical model (MGM) and directed acyclic graph (DAG). In the MGM, the most influential nodes were emotional well-being, feelings of failure, and health-related limitations affecting usual role and physical activities. According to both the MGM and DAG, the relationship between emotional well-being and feelings of failure mediated the relationships of health-related role limitations with concentration difficulty and suicidal ideation. A positive mindset was dependent on the probability distributions of suicidal ideation, controllability of life, and positive self-image. Both the meaning of life and a positive mindset had direct associations with proactive living. Specifically, proactive living was associated with a balanced diet, regular exercise, volunteering in the community, and nurturing intimacy in social interactions. The meaning and controllability of life in individuals with chronic diseases could mediate the relationships of health-promoting behavior with health-related limitations related to usual role activities, physical activities, and depressive symptoms. Thus, interventions targeting health-promoting behaviors should aim to enhance the meaning and controllability of life (as it pertains to limitations in usual role and physical activities), as well as promote proactive screening and timely psychiatric treatment of depressive symptoms including feelings of failure, concentration difficulties, and suicidal ideation.
Parents’ depression and anxiety associated with hyperactivity-inattention and emotional symptoms in children during school closure due to COVID-19 in France
Authors: Monnier Maëva , Moulin Flore , Bailhache Marion , Thierry Xavier , Vandentorren Stéphanie , Côté Sylvana , Falissard Bruno , Simeon Thierry , Geay Bertrand , Marchand-Martin Laetitia , Dufourg Marie-Noelle , Charles Marie-Aline , Ancel Pierre-Yves , Melchior Maria , Rouquette Alexandra , Galera Cédric ,   The SAPRIS Study Group, Bajos Nathalie , Carrat Fabrice , Ancel Pierre-Yves , Charles Marie-Aline , Jusot Florence , Martin Claude , Meyer Laurence , Pailhé Ariane , Severi Gianluca , Spire Alexis , Touvier Mathilde , Zins Marie ,   The ELFE Joint Unit, Thierry Xavier , Simeon Thierry , Geay Bertrand , Dufourg Laetitia Marie-Noelle , Charles Marie-Aline
Published: March 2023

Several risk factors of children’s mental health issues have been identified during the pandemic of COronaVIrus Disease first appeared in 2019 (COVID-19). This study aims to fill the knowledge gap regarding the association between parents’ and children’s mental health issues during the COVID-19 school closure in France. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data collected in the SAPRIS-ELFE study during the COVID-19 pandemic in France. Using multinomial logistic regressions, we estimated associations between parents’ and children’s mental health issues. Symptoms of anxiety were assessed by the General Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and depression by the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for the parents. Hyperactivity/inattention and emotional symptoms in children were assessed by the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). The sample included 3496 children aged 8 to 9 years, of whom 50.0% were girls. During the school closure, 7.1% of responding parents had moderate to severe levels of anxiety and 6.7% had moderate to severe levels of depression. A total of 11.8% of the children had an abnormal hyperactivity/inattention score and 6.6% had an abnormal emotional symptoms score. In multivariate regression models, parental moderate to severe level of anxiety and moderate to severe level of depression were associated with abnormal hyperactivity-inattention score (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) 3.31; 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 2.33–4.70 and aOR 4.65; 95% CI 3.27–6.59, respectively) and abnormal emotional symptoms score in children (aOR 3.58; 95% CI 2.33–5.49 and aOR 3.78; 95 CI 2.47–5.78 respectively). Children whose parents have symptoms of anxiety and/or depression have an increased likelihood of symptoms of hyperactivity/inattention and emotional symptoms during school closures in France due to COVID-19. Our findings suggest that public health initiatives should target parents and children to limit the impact of such crises on their mental health issues.
The effect of dapagliflozin on uric acid excretion and serum uric acid level in advanced CKD
Authors: Iwata Yukimasa , Notsu Shoki , Kawamura Yushi , Mitani Waka , Tamai Shinjiro , Morimoto Madoka , Yamato Masafumi
Published: March 2023

Sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) exhibit renoprotective effect in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and reduce serum uric acid (UA) in patients with diabetes mellitus. However, it is not clarified whether SGLT2i reduce serum UA levels in patients with advanced CKD. This study aimed to investigate the impact of SGLT2i on change in serum UA levels in patients with advanced CKD. Data of 121 Japanese patients with CKD who were newly administered 10 mg dapagliflozin in our department between August 2021 and August 2022 were analyzed. Changes in UA and fractional excretion of UA (FEUA) were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. Of 75 patients, 21 (28.0%) patients, 24 (32.0%) patients, 29 (38.7%) patients, and 1 (1.3%) patient were categorized as having CKD stage 3a, 3b, 4, and 5, respectively. The median age was 67 years, and 72.0% were male. 23 (30.7%) of patients had diabetes mellitus. The median estimated glomerular filtration rate, serum UA, and FEUA were 35.7 mL/min/1.73 m2, 6.4 mg/dL, and 6.76%, respectively, at the time of dapagliflozin administration. After administration, serum UA decreased to 5.6 mg/dL and FEUA increased to 9.22%. Dapagliflozin increases FEUA and reduces serum UA levels in patients with advanced CKD.
Partner separation rescues pair bond-induced decreases in hypothalamic oxytocin neural densities
Authors: Fricker Brandon A. , Roshko Venezia C. , Jiang Jinrun , Kelly Aubrey M.
Published: March 2023

Studies in prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster) have shown that although formation of the pair bond is accompanied by a suite of behavioral changes, a bond between two voles can dissolve and individuals can form new pair bonds with other conspecifics. However, the neural mechanisms underlying this behavioral flexibility have not been well-studied. Here we examine plasticity of nonapeptide, vasopressin (VP) and oxytocin (OT), neuronal populations in relation to bonding and the dissolution of bonds. Using adult male and female prairie voles, animals were either pair bonded, co-housed with a same-sex sibling, separated from their pair bond partner, or separated from their sibling. We examined neural densities of VP and OT cell groups and observed plasticity in the nonapeptide populations of the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Voles that were pair bonded had fewer PVN OT neurons, suggesting that PVN OT neural densities decrease with pair bonding, but increase and return to a pre-pair bonded baseline after the dissolution of a pair bond. Our findings suggest that the PVN nonapeptide cell groups are particularly plastic in adulthood, providing a mechanism by which voles can exhibit context-appropriate behavior related to bond status.
Reconstructing high-resolution in-situ vertical carbon dioxide profiles in the sparsely monitored Asian monsoon region
Authors: Vogel Bärbel , Volk C. Michael , Wintel Johannes , Lauther Valentin , Müller Rolf , Patra Prabir K. , Riese Martin , Terao Yukio , Stroh Fred
Published: March 2023

Atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide have increased substantially because of human activities. However, their sources in South Asia, which contribute strongly to the accelerating global growth of carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide, are poorly quantified. Here, we present aircraft measurements with high temporal and vertical resolution up to 20 km during the Asian summer monsoon where rapid upward transport of surface pollutants to greater altitudes occurs. Using Lagrangian model simulations, we successfully reconstruct observed carbon dioxide profiles leading to an improved understanding of the vertical structure of carbon dioxide in the Asian monsoon region. We show that spatio-temporal patterns of carbon dioxide on the Indian subcontinent driven by regional flux variations rapidly propagate to approximately 13 km with slower ascent above. Enhanced carbon dioxide compared to the stratospheric background can be detected up to 20 km. We suggest that the propagation of these signals from the surface to the stratosphere can be used to evaluate transport models and assess carbon dioxide fluxes in South Asia.
Evolution of a river management industry in Australia reveals meandering pathway to 2030 UN goals
Authors: Russell Kathryn , Fryirs Kirstie , Reid David , Miller Alison , Vietz Geoff , Rutherfurd Ian , Pearson Ben , Wood Apanie , Gregor Sarah , Walker Jess , Slijkerman Johanna
Published: March 2023

Globally, river management is a multi-billion-dollar industry. The United Nations (UN) Decade of Ecosystem Restoration calls for accelerated action towards integrated, participatory, and adaptive water resources management. Here we test whether the required shifts are occurring in the Australian stream management industry, an environmental management industry in a developed western nation. We undertook structured review and topic modelling of 958 peer-reviewed papers presented at the national stream management conference from 1996-2021. We investigated trends in collaboration, transdisciplinary knowledge, diversity of input and perspectives, adaptive management, interaction with policy, and responses to natural events. We found that the industry has matured over the past 25 years, with increasing collaboration, diversity and interdisciplinarity. However, there was no measurable increase in on-ground community participation or use of adaptive management. The findings highlight opportunities for the industry to mature further to achieve UN 2030 goals for integrated water resource management and ecosystem restoration.
Active Nematics: Mesoscale Turbulence and Self-propelled Topological Defects
Authors: Yeomans Julia M.
Published: March 2023

This chapter describes the properties of dense active nematics. We start by summarising the continuum theory of active nematics, introducing the active stress and showing how it results in mesoscale turbulence and motile topological defects. Relevant experimental systems are suspensions of microtubules driven by motor proteins and crowded microswimmers, and we compare experimental and numerical results in bulk, in confinement, and in the presence of friction. We then consider the extent to which the behaviour of other biological systems, such as crawling bacteria or epithelial cells, can be interpreted in terms of active nematic physics.
Active Transport in Complex Environments
Authors: Martínez-Calvo Alejandro , Trenado-Yuste Carolina , Datta Sujit S.
Published: March 2023

The ability of many living systems to actively self-propel underlies critical biomedical, environmental, and industrial processes. While such active transport is well-studied in uniform settings, environmental complexities such as geometric constraints, mechanical cues, and external stimuli such as chemical gradients and fluid flow can strongly influence transport. In this chapter, we describe recent progress in the study of active transport in such complex environments, focusing on two prominent biological systems—bacteria and eukaryotic cells—as archetypes of active matter. We review research findings highlighting how environmental factors can fundamentally alter cellular motility, hindering or promoting active transport in unexpected ways, and giving rise to fascinating behaviors such as directed migration and large-scale clustering. In parallel, we describe specific open questions and promising avenues for future research. Furthermore, given the diverse forms of active matter—ranging from enzymes and driven biopolymer assemblies, to microorganisms and synthetic microswimmers, to larger animals and even robots—we also describe connections to other active systems as well as more general theoretical/computational models of transport processes in complex environments.
Autonomous Photothermally-driven Fluid Pumping and Particle Transport and Assembly
Authors: Shklyaev Oleg E. , Manna Raj Kumar , Laskar Abhrajit , Kauffman Joshua E. , Tansi Benjamin M. , Sen Ayusman , Balazs Anna C.
Published: March 2023

We review the design of photothermally-driven fluid micropumps that can regulate the assembly and segregation of microparticles in solution. Externally imposed light represents particularly useful energy input since the light source (further enabled with a mask) is easily moved and thus can regulate spatially and temporally coordinated dynamics. Ultraviolet (UV) light sources are used to illuminate regions of a fluid-filled chamber that results in fluid flow throughout the chamber. The light-driven pumping occurs via three different mechanisms: thermal buoyancy, solutal buoyancy, and diffusioosmosis. These pumping mechanisms can operate simultaneously and the combination of two or more mechanisms leads to complex fluid flow patterns. This approach enables systems that allow dynamic control over the motion of immersed microparticles, including the formation and transport of reversible particle assemblies, as well as the segregation and separation of different sized particles in the fluidic chambers. Thus, one device can be used to both separate the particles and drive them to different locations for further processing. This property is particularly useful for analyzing fluids that contain multiple particulate types.
Development of Solid-phase Microextraction Fiber Coatings
Authors: Peng Sheng , Wang Shaohan , Xu Jianqiao , Ouyang Gangfeng
Published: March 2023

The materials used for the fabrication of solid-phase microextraction fiber coatings are summarized in the current book chapter, including carbon, metal–organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, polymers, aerogels, ionic liquids/poly(ionic liquids), and metal oxides. The approaches for loading different coatings on fibers, such as sol–gel, in situ growth, electrodeposition, and gluing methods, are briefly discussed together with the evolution of the supporting substrates. In addition, the limitations of the current fiber coatings and the future development directions of solid-phase microextraction are presented. It is expected to provide important instructions for the selection of appropriate fiber coating materials for target application.
Fabric Phase Sorptive Extraction: Unifying Solid Phase Microextraction and Solid Phase Extraction by Design
Authors: Kabir Abuzar , Olayanju Basit , Furton Kenneth G.
Published: March 2023

A fabric phase sorptive extraction (FPSE) device has gained considerable popularity in recent years as a novel sample preparation device for the rapid monitoring of a myriad of target analytes in biological, environmental, forensic, food and pharmaceutical samples. This extraction device is fabricated via a sol–gel sorbent coating process which enables strong chemical bonding between the flexible fabric substrate and the sorbent immobilized on the substrate's surface. The inherent material properties of the sol–gel sorbent and the chemically bonded sorbent on the fabric substrate endow FPSE membranes with high thermal, chemical and solvent stability. The number of available sorbents in FPSE outnumbers that of any other sample preparation techniques and offers a broad range of sorbents with distinct chemistries which could establish specific interactions (e.g., hydrogen bonding, dipole–dipole interactions, London dispersion force, π–π interactions and others) with the target analytes. Fabric phase sorptive extraction has integrated the extraction mechanisms of solid phase extraction (exhaustive extraction) and solid phase microextraction (equilibrium extraction) by design. When an FPSE membrane is introduced into the sample matrix, it mimics an SPME fiber. During the extraction, the aqueous sample matrix continuously permeates through the pores of the FPSE membrane that mimics a solid phase extraction disk. The combination of the extraction mechanisms of two major, yet competing sample preparation technologies, sponge-like porous architecture of sol–gel sorbents, improved thermodynamic properties due to the combination of organic and inorganic components and faster extraction kinetics have positioned FPSE as an ideal sample preparation technology in the field of analytical and bioanalytical chemistry.
SPME and Related Techniques in Biomedical Research
Authors: Roszkowska A. , Łuczykowski K. , Warmuzińska N. , Bojko B.
Published: March 2023

This chapter describes a wide range of applications of the SPME technique in biomedical research, beginning from investigations focused on the monitoring of the level of drugs used in the treatment of different diseases, through targeted analysis of endogenous compounds (metabolites) to untargeted metabolomics studies. The reader will find information about diverse SPME sampling strategies adopted to address demanding tasks, e.g., single cell analysis or on site sampling at the surgery room, discussion of unique features of SPME, and the areas of science, where the technology can be successfully deployed. In the first part of this chapter, various SPME protocols in the analysis of drugs used in cardiovascular and central nervous system diseases, immunosuppressants, anticancer drugs, and medications used in pain therapy are summarized. In addition, the aspects related to the application of SPME sampling in drug binding studies are described. In the second part of this chapter, the overview of the SPME technique in the determination of non-volatile and volatile compounds within targeted and untargeted metabolomic approaches along with their applications in the microbial, cellular, tissue, and biofluid analysis within different areas of medical science is presented. Finally, the authors discuss the issues related to the stability of target compounds based on several investigations utilizing SPME technology in comparison to traditional techniques described in the literature. Finally, present and future perspectives about the SPME technology in the area of bioanalysis and medical diagnostics are provided.
SPME in Lipid Analysis
Authors: Roszkowska A. , Warmuzińska N. , Łuczykowski K. , Bojko B.
Published: March 2023

The progress made in sample preparation protocols in lipidomics studies has led to a more profound understanding of the structure of lipids, and also the interactions and involvement of many bioactive lipid molecules in cellular processes. In this chapter, the overview of different solutions and advancements of SPME technology for implementation into targeted and untargeted analysis of lipids is presented. The first part of this chapter is devoted to the fundamental properties of lipid species, and the application of SPME in the analysis of the binding properties of lipids, their concentration (free and total), and also the stability of the lipidome in biological samples. The next part of this chapter details different approaches utilizing SPME devices in combination with GC- and LC-based methods for the analysis of various lipid classes in biological matrices with a special focus on in vivo SPME sampling in the clinical context. In addition, technologies such as CBS or a combination of SPME with Raman spectroscopy for highly selective enrichment for lipid species in complex matrices are also summarized. Finally, the authors depict challenges and future perspectives related to the isolation of unstable signaling lipid species and/or matrix-bound lipids from biological matrices.
Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) Applied to the Characterization of Beer, Hop and Related Samples
Authors: Augusto F. , Pedroso M. P. , Pereira L. F. , Cunha I. C. M.
Published: March 2023

Solid Phase Microextraction (SPME) is an effective, cost-saving, versatile and easily automated solvent-free extraction technique that has become prevalent in the extraction and pre-concentration steps both for analytical procedures for compounds related to aroma and flavors/off-flavors in foods and beverages, as well as in the determination of exogenous contaminants in these samples. Among them, especially relevant is its application to the characterization of beers – the most popular alcoholic beverage in the world, produced after the action of yeasts over malted cereals and seasoned with hops. Therefore, in this chapter we discuss the application of SPME to the assessment of trace constituents in beers and their main ingredients.
Twin suppression effect of dihydroxy-benzene isomers during the secondary growth of b-oriented zeolite MFI nanosheet films
Authors: Xu Ruilan , Peng Yong , Lu Peng , Miao Yurun , Duan Xuekui , Lee Dennis T. , Wang Rui , Wang Zhengbao , Tsapatsis Michael
Published: March 2023

MFI twin crystals on b-axis oriented zeolite MFI nanosheet films were suppressed in the presence of dihydroxybenzene isomers. The resulting films presented an ultra-thin grain thickness of 30–45 nm within hours.
Supramolecular coordination complexes (SCCs) with aggregation-induced emission forin vitrophotodynamic therapy
Authors: Jia Haiqi , Shi Tingyu , He Tian , Li Yang , Yin Shouchun
Published: March 2023

Schematic illustration of the preparation of D-CN and MD-CN nanoparticles and the process of cell death after light irradiation.
Strong anisotropic second-order nonlinear optical responses in 0D lead-free chiral perovskite single-crystalline microwire arrays
Authors: Dong Meiqiu , Wang Binshuai , Yu Ziwei , Zhao Jinjin , Li Xinyi , Fu Yue , Guo Yangwu , Zhao Yingjie , Gao Hanfei , Jiang Lei , Wu Yuchen
Published: March 2023

New 0D Bi-based perovskite single-crystalline microwire arrays were realized by a capillary-bridge confined technique and exhibit excellent second-order NLO performance.
Panchromatic light harvesting and record power conversion efficiency for carboxylic/cyanoacrylic Fe(ii) NHC co-sensitized FeSSCs
Authors: Reddy-Marri Anil , Marchini Edoardo , Cabanes Valentin Diez , Argazzi Roberto , Pastore Mariachiara , Caramori Stefano , Gros Philippe C.
Published: March 2023

The co-sensitization of TiO2 by using a combination of carboxylic and thienylcyanoacrylic (ThCA)–Fe(ii) pyridyl-NHC sensitizers produced a panchromatic absorption and the best photocurrent and efficiency ever reported for an FeSSC.
Manganese(ii) complexes stimulate antitumor immunity via aggravating DNA damage and activating the cGAS-STING pathway
Authors: Cai Linxiang , Wang Ying , Chen Yayu , Chen Hanhua , Yang Tao , Zhang Shuren , Guo Zijian , Wang Xiaoyong
Published: March 2023

Mn complexes act as breakers of DNA to induce DSB, as inhibitors of HDAC and PARP to impede DNA repair, and as activators of the cGAS-STING pathway to trigger immune responses, thereby stimulating T cells to suppress tumor growth in a synergic mechanism.
High photoactive black phase stability of CsPbI3nanocrystals under damp-heat conditions of 85 °C and 85% relative humidity
Authors: Zou Shengwen , Kang Jun , Zhang Yuzheng , Qi Mingjing , Yan Xiaojun , Zhang Xiaoliang , Huang Jianmei
Published: March 2023

High damp-heat stability of CsPbI3nanocrystals is demonstrated by B-site ion doping engineering. The black phase stability time of these nickel ion doped nanocrystals reaches a record 54 hours under the conditions of 85 °C and 85% relative humidity.
Photoelectrochemistry hydrogen production based on a Pt nanowires-bridged CdS nanorods array of piezoelectricity-triggered Z-scheme junctions
Authors: Cheng Jun , Chen Chenpu , Chen Mingjian , Xie Qingji
Published: March 2023

A novel Pt nanowires/CdS nanorods array/indium tin oxide photoanode is prepared and used for piezoelectricity (PE)-enhanced photoelectrochemistry hydrogen production, and a new concept of PE-triggered Z-scheme junctions is proposed.
Chiral carbonyl hypoiodites
Authors: Mattila Milla , Rissanen Kari , Ward Jas S.
Published: March 2023

Chiral carbonyl hypoiodites have been prepared from N-protected (S)-valine to give the ligand-stabilised (S)-valinoyl hypoiodite complexes incorporating various Lewis bases.
An organic cage controlling the dimension and stability of gold nanoparticles
Authors: Peters Erich Henrik , Mayor Marcel
Published: March 2023

Gold nanoparticles are efficiently synthesized inside an organic cage, which controls their size, provides thermal stability, and exposes one functional group per particle.
Copper-catalyzed umpolung Sonogashira-type coupling of arene boronic acids under visible light
Authors: Ma Jingwei , Wang Qian , Sun Yang , Zhu Eva , Li Xiaobao , Tan Haibo , Chen Guangying , Zheng Chao
Published: March 2023

A copper-catalyzed alkynyl Csp–Csp2 coupling reaction of 1-alkynyl-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one and aryl or alkynyl boronic acids with a catalytic amount was developed under visible light irradiation.
The essential role of symmetry in understanding 3He chemical shifts in endohedral helium fullerenes
Authors: Vícha Jan , Vaara Juha , Straka Michal
Published: March 2023

Dramatic differences among the 3He signals in endohedral helium fullerenes can be attributed to the high symmetry of fullerene cages.
Reactive FLP–alkyne addition products: a route to anionic and zwitterionic phosphines
Authors: Kim Hyehwang , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: March 2023

Anionic phosphine salts as well as a phosphine donor with both olefin-linked cationic and anionic substituents are derived from FLP–alkyne reactions using a phosphinidene precursor.
Surface-Pt-rich AgPtAu trimetallic nanotrough arrays for boosting alcohol electrooxidation
Authors: Li Jing-Jing , Geng Wen-Chao , Jiang Ling , Li Yong-Jun
Published: March 2023

Composition-varied AgPtAu nanotrough array is fabricated by combining interfacial self-assembly and etching, and optimized Ag11Pt5Au84 exhibits >3 times the specific activity of Pt/C towards both methanol and ethanol electrooxidation.
Nitroxide radical surfactants enable electrocatalytic oxidation of fatty alcohols in water
Authors: Mudugamuwa Chanaka J. , Xie Yuan , Zhang Kai , Nicholls Thomas P. , Chalker Justin M. , Jia Zhongfan
Published: March 2023

TEMPO-functionalized surfactants are developed for the electrocatalytic oxidation of fatty alcohols to corresponding carbonyl compounds in water with up to 93% total conversion.
Napthalene diimide derivative based organic cocrystal frameworks as cathode electrodes for stable lithium batteries
Authors: Zheng Zihang , Ju Zhengkun , Ma Shuang , Liu Zhiqi , Xiang Wenxin , Chen Jinqiu , Yang Bo , Mu Zifeng , Zhang Jing , Li Pan , Sheng Peng
Published: March 2023

A new type of organic eutectic cathode, which contains coronene and NDI derivatives in a highly-ordered void-rich packing manner, shows good specific capacity and cycle stability in LIB applications.
Stabilizing hydroperoxyflavin intermediate formationviaa peptide appendage: a neutral flavoenzyme model
Authors: Vinod Mouli M. S. S. , Mondal Dipayan , Kumari Kusum , Singh Saurabh Kumar , Mishra Ashutosh Kumar
Published: March 2023

A bioinspired mimic for the stabilization of hydroperoxyflavin intermediate formation was designed and investigated for monooxygenase like catalytic properties.
Synthesis of 1,2-diaminotruxinic δ-cyclobutanes by BF3-controlled [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition of 5(4H)-oxazolones and stereoselective expansion of δ-cyclobutanes to give highly substituted pyrrolidine-2,5-dicarboxylates
Authors: Sierra Sonia , López Rosa , Gómez-Bengoa Enrique , Falvello Larry R. , Urriolabeitia Esteban P.
Published: March 2023

Ru-sensitized [2+2]-photocycloaddition of oxazolones 1 in presence of BF3gives selectively the δ-1,2-diaminotruxinic acids 2. Heating of 2 with NaOMe promotes an unprecedented cyclobutane ring expansion, giving the highly substituted pyrrolidines 3.
Defluorinative alkylation of 1-trifluoromethyl alkenes with alkyl radicals derived from visible light-induced deoxygenation of xanthate salts: synthesis of gem-difluoroalkenes
Authors: Li Xin , Jiao Yan , Han Lifei , Sun Jinwei , Zhang Xuan
Published: March 2023

A visible light-induced deoxygenative difluoroallylation of alcohols via xanthate salts with trifluoromethyl alkenes under catalyst- and metal-free conditions is presented.
Nickel-catalysed enantioselective reaction of secondary phosphine oxides and activated vinylcyclopropanes
Authors: Huang Zhuo , Liu Xu-Teng , Cui Ranran , Zhang Qing-Wei
Published: March 2023

A nickel-catalyzed asymmetric allylation of racemic secondary phosphine oxides with racemic vinylcyclopropanes was described. The Tertiary phosphine oxide products were obtained with up to 91% yield and 92% ee.
Stable self-trapped broadband emission from an organolead halide coordination polymer with strong layer corrugation and high chemical robustness
Authors: Xi Ruonan , Jiang Yilin , Li Yukong , Yin Jinlin , Fei Honghan
Published: March 2023

Layered lead halide coordination polymers are an emerging class of stable self-trapped emitters, in which the unique corrugated structure are critical to afford out-of-plane distortions for self-trapping.
Realization of multiple luminescence manipulation in tungsten bronze oxides based on photochromism toward real-time, reversible, and fast processes
Authors: Wei Tong , Shi Yongchao , Wang Xiangyu , Xu Yingqiu , Cui Jiao , Wu Liwei , Zhang Borui , Wang Jiawei , Han Yingdong
Published: March 2023

Multiple luminescence manipulation in tungsten bronze oxides based on photochromism.
Impact of mesogenic aromaticity and cyano termination on the alignment and stability of liquid crystal shells
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Kizhakidathazhath Rijeesh , Lagerwall Jan P. F.
Published: March 2023

The ordering of liquid crystal shells suspended in aqueous phases without surfactants depends strongly on the mesogen chemical structure. Aromatic mesogens promote tangential alignment, whereas aliphatic ones align normal to the water interface.
Organic small-molecule fluorescent probe-based detection for alkali and alkaline earth metal ions in biological systems
Authors: Xu Mengting , Xing Jie , Yuan Bo , He Lulu , Lu Liheng , Chen Nengwen , Cai Peijun , Wu Aiguo , Li Juan
Published: March 2023

The review describes the progress of research on the detection of alkali and alkali earth metals by organic small molecule fluorescent probes in terms of metal ion recognition groups.
Optoelectronic materials utilizing hot excitons or hot carriers: from mechanism to applications
Authors: Ding Yun-Tao , Zhang Bo-Yang , Sun Chun-Lin , Wang Qiang , Zhang Hao-Li
Published: March 2023

Traditionally, hot excitons or hot carriers generated in semiconductors were considered unfavourable for many applications, given that they may cause energy loss and device degradation.
Dual manipulation of light and shape based on nanoparticle-induced shape memory composites
Authors: Liu Mingxia , Fan Mingyang , Zhu Shu , Liu Weiping , Yang Lili , Ge Dengteng
Published: March 2023

A versatile membrane with integrated visible transparency and shape manipulation is reported based on the thermo-irritated shape memory polymers and doped nonclose-packing nanoparticles (NPs).
Principles of phosphoproteomics and applications in cancer research
Authors: Higgins Luke , Gerdes Henry , Cutillas Pedro R.
Published: March 2023

Phosphorylation constitutes the most common and best-studied regulatory post-translational modification in biological systems and archetypal signalling pathways driven by protein and lipid kinases are disrupted in essentially all cancer types. Thus, the study of the phosphoproteome stands to provide unique biological information on signalling pathway activity and on kinase network circuitry that is not captured by genetic or transcriptomic technologies. Here, we discuss the methods and tools used in phosphoproteomics and highlight how this technique has been used, and can be used in the future, for cancer research. Challenges still exist in mass spectrometry phosphoproteomics and in the software required to provide biological information from these datasets. Nevertheless, improvements in mass spectrometers with enhanced scan rates, separation capabilities and sensitivity, in biochemical methods for sample preparation and in computational pipelines are enabling an increasingly deep analysis of the phosphoproteome, where previous bottlenecks in data acquisition, processing and interpretation are being relieved. These powerful hardware and algorithmic innovations are not only providing exciting new mechanistic insights into tumour biology, from where new drug targets may be derived, but are also leading to the discovery of phosphoproteins as mediators of drug sensitivity and resistance and as classifiers of disease subtypes. These studies are, therefore, uncovering phosphoproteins as a new generation of disruptive biomarkers to improve personalised anti-cancer therapies.
Enzymatic systems for carbohydrate utilization and biosynthesis in Xanthomonas and their role in pathogenesis and tissue specificity
Authors: Giuseppe Priscila O. , Bonfim Isabela M. , Murakami Mario T.
Published: March 2023

Xanthomonas plant pathogens can infect hundreds of agricultural plants. These bacteria exploit sophisticated molecular strategies based on multiple secretion systems and their associated virulence factors to overcome the plant defenses, including the physical barrier imposed by the plant cell walls and the innate immune system. Xanthomonads are equipped with a broad and diverse repertoire of Carbohydrate-Active enZymes (CAZymes), which besides enabling the utilization of complex plant carbohydrates as carbon and energy source, can also play pivotal roles in virulence and bacterial lifestyle in the host. CAZymes in xanthomonads are often organized in multienzymatic systems similar to the Polysaccharide Utilization Loci (PUL) from Bacteroidetes known as CUT systems (from Carbohydrate Utilization systems associated with TonB-dependent transporters). Xanthomonas bacteria are also recognized to synthesize distinct exopolysaccharides including xanthan gum and untapped exopolysaccharides associated with biofilm formation. Here, we summarize the current knowledge on the multifaceted roles of CAZymes in xanthomonads, connecting their function with pathogenicity and tissue specificity.
Glycosyltransferase family 47 (GT47) proteins in plants and animals
Authors: Zhang Liang , Prabhakar Pradeep Kumar , Bharadwaj Vivek S. , Bomble Yannick J. , Peña Maria J. , Urbanowicz Breeanna R.
Published: March 2023

Glycosyltransferases (GTs) are carbohydrate-active enzymes that are encoded by the genomes of organisms spanning all domains of life. GTs catalyze glycosidic bond formation, transferring a sugar monomer from an activated donor to an acceptor substrate, often another saccharide. GTs from family 47 (GT47, PF03016) are involved in the synthesis of complex glycoproteins in mammals and insects and play a major role in the synthesis of almost every class of polysaccharide in plants, with the exception of cellulose, callose, and mixed linkage β-1,3/1,4-glucan. GT47 enzymes adopt a GT-B fold and catalyze the formation of glycosidic bonds through an inverting mechanism. Unlike animal genomes, which encode few GT47 enzymes, plant genomes contain 30 or more diverse GT47 coding sequences. Our current knowledge of the GT47 family across plant species brings us an interesting view, showcasing how members exhibit a great diversity in both donor and acceptor substrate specificity, even for members that are classified in the same phylogenetic clade. Thus, we discuss how plant GT47 family members represent a great case to study the relationship between substrate specificity, protein structure, and protein evolution. Most of the plant GT47 enzymes that are identified to date are involved in biosynthesis of plant cell wall polysaccharides, including xyloglucan, xylan, mannan, and pectins. This indicates unique and crucial roles of plant GT47 enzymes in cell wall formation. The aim of this review is to summarize findings about GT47 enzymes and highlight new challenges and approaches on the horizon to study this family.
SOPA‐GA‐CNN: Synchronous optimisation of parameters and architectures by genetic algorithms with convolutional neural network blocks for securing Industrial Internet‐of‐Things
Authors: Huang Jia‐Cheng , Zeng Guo‐Qiang , Geng Guang‐Gang , Weng Jian , Lu Kang‐Di
Published: March 2023

In recent years, deep learning has been applied to a variety of scenarios in Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), including enhancing the security of IIoT. However, the existing deep learning methods utilised in IIoT security are manually designed by heavily relying on the experience of the designers. The authors have made the first contribution concerning the joint optimisation of neural architecture search and hyper‐parameters optimisation for securing IIoT. A novel automated deep learning method called synchronous optimisation of parameters and architectures by GA with CNN blocks (SOPA‐GA‐CNN) is proposed to synchronously optimise the hyperparameters and block‐based architectures in convolutional neural networks (CNNs) by genetic algorithms (GA) for the intrusion detection issue of IIoT. An efficient hybrid encoding strategy and the corresponding GA‐based evolutionary operations are designed to characterise and evolve both the hyperparameters, including batch size, learning rate, weight optimiser and weight regularisation, and the architectures, such as the block‐based network topology and the parameters of each CNN block. The experimental results on five intrusion detection datasets in IIoT, including secure water treatment, water distribution, Gas Pipeline, Botnet in Internet of Things and Power System Attack Dataset, have demonstrated the superiority of the proposed SOPA‐GA‐CNN to the state‐of‐the‐art manually designed models and neuron‐evolutionary methods in terms of accuracy, precision, recall, F1‐score, and the number of parameters of the deep learning models.
A high‐frequency transformer‐based buck‐boost AC‐AC converter with high efficiency and wide range conversion ratio for DVR application
Authors: Abdoli Iman , Ahmed Hafiz Furqan , Mosallanejad Ali
Published: March 2023

This paper proposes an isolated single‐phase impedance‐source ac‐ac converter with a wide voltage conversion ratio and a safe commutation strategy. The new topology has noteworthy features like continuous input current, galvanic isolation, and non‐inverting and inverting buck‐boost modes with a wide voltage coverage. Also, only one switch operates with high‐frequency PWM signals, reducing the semiconductor switching loss. The galvanic isolation has been achieved by employing a high‐frequency transformer (HFT), eliminating low‐frequency transformers (LFT) from the topology. A safe commutation strategy has been designed and applied to the converter to mitigate the voltage and current spikes on power switches, which eliminates additional snubber circuits. A prototype has been designed to validate the suggested converter performance in stand‐alone and DVR applications. The peak obtained efficiency equals 96.1% and 94.9% in inverting and non‐inverting step‐down and step‐up modes, respectively, validated by an accurate power loss model and experimental results. Experimental results confirm the theory and operation of the proposed converter.
Gaia colour-magnitude diagrams of young open clusters
Authors: Negueruela I. , de Burgos A.
Published: March 2023

Context. Automated analyses of Gaia astrometric data have led to the discovery of many new high-quality open cluster candidates. When a good determination of their parameters is available, these objects become excellent tools for investigating the properties of our Galaxy.

Aims. We explore whether young open clusters can be readily identified from Gaia data alone by studying the properties of their Gaia colour-magnitude diagrams. We also want to compare the results of a traditional cluster analysis with those of automated methods.

Methods. We selected three young open cluster candidates from the UBC catalogue, ranging from a well-populated object with a well-defined sequence to a poorly populated and poorly defined candidate. We obtained classification spectra for the brightest stars in each. We redetermined members based on EDR3 data and fitted isochrones to derive the age, distance, and reddening.

Results. All three candidates are real clusters with ages below 100 Ma. UBC 103 is a moderately populous cluster, with an age around 70 Ma. At a distance of ∼3 kpc, it forms a binary cluster with nearby NGC 6683. UBC 114 is a relatively proximal (∼1.5 kpc) poorly populated cluster containing two early-B stars. UBC 587 is a dispersed and very young (≤10 Ma) cluster located at ∼3 kpc, behind the Cygnus X region, which may be a valuable tracer of the Orion arm.

Conclusions. The OCfinder methodology for the identification of new open clusters is extremely effective, with even poor candidates resulting in interesting detections. The presence of an almost vertical photometric sequence in the Gaia colour-magnitude diagram is a safe way to identify young open clusters. Automated methods for the determination of cluster properties give approximate solutions, but these are still subject to difficulties. There is some evidence suggesting that artificial intelligence systems may systematically underestimate extinction, which may impact in the age determination.
A homogenized model accounting for dispersion, interfaces and source points for transient waves in 1D periodic media
Authors: Cornaggia Rémi , Lombard Bruno
Published: March 2023

A homogenized model is proposed for linear waves in 1D microstructured media. It combines second-order asymptotic homogenization (to account for dispersion) and interface correctors (for transmission from or towards homogeneous media). A new bound on a second-order effective coefficient is proven, ensuring well-posedness of the homogenized model whatever the microstructure. Based on an analogy with existing enriched continua, the evolution equations are reformulated as a dispersive hyperbolic system. The efficiency of the model is illustrated via time-domain numerical simulations. An extension to Dirac source terms is also proposed.
Magnesiummangel unter einer Therapie mit Cyclophosphamid –
Medikamenteninteraktion
Authors: Kisters Klaus , Kühne Sandra , Gröber Uwe
Published: March 2023

Magnesiumverluste unter einer medikamentösen Therapie sind in der Medizin
häufig, wobei bes. ältere Menschen betroffen sind. Ein
Magnesiummangel wird dabei oft nicht diagnostiziert, obwohl klinische Symptome
bereits vorliegen. Auch unter einer Therapie mit Cyclophosphamid kommt es zu
Magnesiumverlusten. Die Kontrolle des Magnesiumstatus und ggf. eine
adäquate Substitution sind erforderlich. Unzureichende
Magnesiumversorgung verschlechtert die Prognose der Patient*innen,
klinische Krankheitszeichen verstärken sich.