bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chemical profiling, HPLC characterization and in-vitro antioxidant potential of Pakistani propolis collected from peripheral region of Faisalabad
Authors: Shahbaz Muhammad , Zahoor Tahir , Arshad Rizwan , Rafiq Saima , Qaisrani Tahira Batool , Liaqat Atif , Javed Muhammad Sameem , Akbar Zainab , Raza Nighat , Murtaza Shamas , Farooq Umar , Imran Muhammad , El-Ghorab Ahmed , Bacha Umar , Ahmad Ishtiaque , Mehmood Zaffar , Muzaffar Rizwana , Gondal Tanweer Aslam , Shah Syed Abdul Majeed , Shah Abdul Sattar , Akhtar Muhammad , Afzal Muhammad Inam , Umer Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Propolis is a highly adhesive and resinous product of honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) which is produced from the exudations of plants. Bee propolis being a source of bioactive compounds like polyphenols and flavonoids imparts numerous biological properties including, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Present study was designed to elucidate the composition and antioxidant status of locally available propolis using in-vitro conditions. Propolis collected from locally found apiaries and its hydroalcoholic extract of propolis was prepared using different concentrations of ethanol and methanol. The results regarding proximate composition of propolis showed a higher proportion of ether extract (85.59±0.87%) and lowest contents of crude fiber (0.31±0.08%). Among the mineral's sodium, potassium and calcium was found in a concentration of 11.33±0.91, 52.10±2.9 and 10.53±0.83.59±0.23mg/Kg respectively whilst zinc was noticed as 3.59±0.23mg/Kg. HPLC characterization indicates a highest concentration of Chlorogenic acid 31.80±2.56mg/Kg whereas gallic acid (0.21±0.01mg/Kg) was found in lowest concentration among the polyphenols. Ethanol extract represents more phenolic contents, DPPH activity and antioxidant status as 327.30±14.89mg/gGAE, 73.18±4.43% and 60.59±4.38% accordingly in comparison to methanol and water extract. Bee propolis found an effective source of natural antioxidants which retards the production of free radicals and reactive oxygen species thus help to cope oxidative stress.
Predicting at-risk university students based on their e-book reading behaviours by using machine learning classifiers
Authors: Chen Cheng-Huan , Yang Stephen J. H. , Weng Jian-Xuan , Ogata Hiroaki , Su Chien-Yuan
Published: June 2021

Providing early predictions of academic performance is necessary for identifying at-risk students and subsequently providing them with timely intervention for critical factors affecting their academic performance. Although e-book systems are often used to provide students with teaching/learning materials in university courses, seldom has research made the early prediction based on their online reading behaviours by implementing machine learning classifiers. This study explored to what extent university students’ academic achievement can be predicted, based on their reading behaviours in an e-book supported course, using the classifiers. It further investigated which of the features extracted from the reading logs influence the predictions. The participants were 100 first-year undergraduates enrolled in a compulsory course at a university in Taiwan. The results suggest that logistic regression supports vector classification, decision trees, and random forests, and neural networks achieved moderate prediction performance with accuracy, precision, and recall metrics. The Bayes classifier identified almost all at-risk students. Additionally, student online reading behaviours affecting the prediction models included: turning pages, going back to previous pages and jumping to other pages, adding/deleting markers, and editing/removing memos. These behaviours were significantly positively correlated to academic achievement and should be encouraged during courses supported by e-books.

Implications for practice or policy:

For identifying at-risk students, educators could prioritise using Gaussian naïve Bayes in an e-book supported course, as it shows almost perfect recall performance.

Assessors could give priority to logistic regression and neural networks in this context because they have stable achievement prediction performance with different evaluation metrics.

The prediction models are strongly affected by student online reading behaviours, in particular by locating/returning to relevant pages and modifying markers.
Developing and investigating an electronic performance support system (EPSS) for academic performance
Authors: Sezer Baris
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to develop an electronic performance support system (EPSS) to improve students’ performance in the topic of scientific research methods. A review of the literature shows that EPSSs are usually developed using advanced programming technologies. This limits the widespread use of EPSS for educators and researchers. In this study, a mid-level EPSS was developed by integrating Moodle to a static (non-interactive) educational system, without using advanced programming. The study was designed and carried out using the developmental research method. Study participants were second year students from the Faculty of Medicine of Hacettepe University in Turkey. The system was designed by taking students’ needs into account, as well as other issues that the literature identified as points of consideration when developing an EPSS. The mid-level EPSS developed within the framework of this study increased the students’ academic achievement and students stated that the system met their expectations.

Implications for practice or policy:

Educators can support scientific research methods courses with EPSSs.

Educators and researchers may take advantage of detailed steps in this research, if they want to develop such an EPSS.

A mid-level EPSS is taken as reference when developing an EPSS without advanced programming skills.
Fuel loads of Neotropical migrant songbirds on autumn passage through the Darién region of Colombia: Influence of migratory distance, route, ENSO, age and body size
Authors: Cárdenas-Ortiz Laura , Bayly Nicholas J. , Hobson Keith A.
Published: June 2021

Available energy stores determine stopover length, migration speed and likely survival in migrating birds. We measured energy stores by estimating fuel load in 11 species of Neotropical migrant songbirds in the Darién of Colombia over five years. We evaluated 1) whether individuals flying further from breeding origin arrived with smaller fuel loads, 2) if the ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) cycle affected fuel load and 3) if species known to migrate mostly overwater arrived with less fuel relative to those migrating overland. Breeding origin, inferred from feather δ2H values, only had a significant positive effect on fuel load in Swainson’s Thrush (Catharus ustulatus). Veery (Catharus fuscescens) and Swainson’s thrush had higher and lower fuel loads, respectively, in El Niño years. Multi-species mixed-effects models revealed support for larger fuel loads in larger-bodied species and in species taking overwater routes, contrary to our prediction. Across species, we found no support for common effects of breeding origin or ENSO on fuel loads, in contrast to community-wide effects of migration route and body-size. In general, the variables considered here explained little of the variance in fuel loads, suggesting that inter-individual differences likely have a greater impact than broad-scale factors in our study system.
Stellar Scientists: The Egyptian Temple Astrologers
Authors: Winkler Andreas
Published: June 2021

The paper aims to collect and discuss evidence for astrologers in Egyptian temples during the Graeco-Roman period from several kinds of data, including astrological and astronomical texts, inscriptions, and documentary sources. Material evidence is also considered. It attempts to answer questions of who could act as an astrologer and what knowledge was required to become one. In addition, the paper discusses the position of astrologers in the temple hierarchy and other areas of knowledge in which astrologers were involved.
Crystal structure of tris(3-iodopyridin-1-ium) catena-poly[(hexachlorido-κ1
Cl)-(μ2-trichlorido-κ2
Cl:Cl)diantimony(III)], C15H15Cl9I3N3Sb2
Authors: Ma Yuxin , Hao Munan , Sun Ruijin , Jin Shifeng , Zhao Changchun
Published: June 2021

C15H15Cl9I3N3Sb2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 28.2633(7) Å, b = 12.4964(3) Å, c = 9.1542(3) Å, β = 99.5840(10)°, V = 3188.04(15) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0274, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0687, T = 273.15 K.
Effect of the Growth Spurt on Training of Strength and Power During Mid-Adolescence in Boys
Authors: Badenhorst Joanita , Pienaar Anita E. , Gerber Barend P.
Published: June 2021

Badenhorst, J, Pienaar, AE, and Gerber, BP. The effect of the growth spurt on training of strength and power during mid-adolescence in boys. J Strength Cond Res 35(8): 2193–2204, 2021—This study determined if the growth spurt will influence the training of strength and power in boys (N = 86) of differing maturity levels. Based on a 2-group, pretest posttest design within a 2 school-year follow-up period, including 4 time point measurements, an experimental group (EG), who participated in different school sports were subjected to an additional 6 months, strength and power training program, twice a week for 45 minutes over 2 consecutive years (n = 47, 13.67 ± 0.26 years). They were compared with boys (n = 39, 13.68 ± 0.16 years) serving as a control group (CG) for normal growth who did not compete in any sports or training programs. Both EG and CG were subdivided into 3 maturity groups, late developers (LD), early developers, and typical developers (TD) based on a linear growth rate. Assessments were performed every 6 months for changes in height, body mass, strength, and power. Differences within and between the EG, CG, and maturity groups were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance and hierarchical linear modeling, whereas significance of practical differences were determined by effect sizes (d). Early developers presented with training effects, whereas TD and LD showed conditioning and adaptation responses to training. Customized training to leverage the different maturation levels in a way to optimize strength and power advancement is important for the preparation of boys for sports participation during mid-adolescence because it can positively affect adaptation and responsiveness to training in boys of different maturity levels.
Ice Hockey Forward Skating Force-Velocity Profiling Using Single Unloaded vs. Multiple Loaded Methods
Authors: Perez Jerome , Guilhem Gaël , Brocherie Franck
Published: June 2021

Perez, J, Guilhem, G, and Brocherie, F. Ice hockey forward skating force-velocity profiling using single unloaded vs. multiple loaded methods. J Strength Cond Res 36(11): 3229–3233, 2022—This study aimed to compare skating force-velocity relationships determined throughout sprints performed against various loaded conditions or inferred from movement kinetics measured during a single unloaded sprint. Ten female ice hockey players performed one unloaded maximal skating sprint test measured with a radar gun followed by 4 resisted skating sprints against a robotic horizontal resistance with progressive loads in reference to equipped body mass (BM): 3 kg (robotic resistance), 25, 50, and 75% of equipped BM. Maximal theoretical force (F0), velocity (V0), power (Pmax), optimal velocity (Vopt) condition for producing maximal power, and slope of the linear force-velocity relationship (SFV) were determined from each method and compared using a paired sample t-test, absolute mean bias (±95% confidence intervals), Pearson correlations, and typical error of the estimate in standardized units (effect size [ES]). Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. No statistical difference was found for all mechanical variables determined from the 2 methods (p ranging 0.09–0.59). Although exhibiting positive correlations ranging from moderate (r = 0.50 for SFV) to high (r ranging from 0.71 to 0.84 for F0, V0, Vopt, and Pmax) between methods, all variables exhibited large levels of error between approaches (ES ranging 0.66–1.71). Multiple loaded and single unloaded methods were comparable with determine force-velocity relationships during forward on-ice skating sprint. The low-cost fatigue-free unloaded method suggests it could be used in constrained contexts (i.e., congested schedule and low available time) or for a simple force-velocity profiling. Inversely, multiple loaded methods would be more appropriate to evaluate and individualize training for skilled ice hockey players accustomed to resistive skating sprint.
Aerobic Training With Blood Flow Restriction for Endurance Athletes: Potential Benefits and Considerations of Implementation
Authors: Smith Nathan D.W. , Scott Brendan R. , Girard Olivier , Peiffer Jeremiah J.
Published: June 2021

Smith, NDW, Scott, BR, Girard, O, and Peiffer, JJ. Aerobic training with blood flow restriction for endurance athletes: potential benefits and considerations of implementation. J Strength Cond Res 36(12): 3541–3550, 2022—Low-intensity aerobic training with blood flow restriction (BFR) can improve maximal oxygen uptake, delay the onset of blood lactate accumulation, and may provide marginal benefits to economy of motion in untrained individuals. Such a training modality could also improve these physiological attributes in well-trained athletes. Indeed, aerobic BFR training could be beneficial for those recovering from injury, those who have limited time for training a specific physiological capacity, or as an adjunct training stimulus to provide variation in a program. However, similarly to endurance training without BFR, using aerobic BFR training to elicit physiological adaptations in endurance athletes will require additional considerations compared with nonendurance athletes. The objective of this narrative review is to discuss the acute and chronic aspects of aerobic BFR exercise for well-trained endurance athletes and highlight considerations for its effective implementation. This review first highlights key physiological capacities of endurance performance. The acute and chronic responses to aerobic BFR exercise and their impact on performance are then discussed. Finally, considerations for prescribing and monitoring aerobic BFR exercise in trained endurance populations are addressed to challenge current views on how BFR exercise is implemented.
Aprendizaje basado en proyectos (ABP) en la formación inicial de maestros en la Escuela Normal Superior de Salamina, Caldas, Colombia
Authors: Cortés Gallego Gustavo Andrés
Published: June 2021

La presente propuesta de investigación busca analizar una experiencia de aprendizaje basado en proyectos (abp) para la formación inicial de maestros en la Escuela Normal Superior de Salamina, Caldas, Colombia. En tal sentido, una comprensión general se construye desde las voces de los sujetos que viven la experiencia. Así, la metodología elegida es la cualitativa que, desde la propuesta de la teoría fundada de Strauus y Glasser (2016), permitirá no solo reconstruir la experiencia, sino también reconocer el sentido y significado que los sujetos le dan a esta. Así las cosas, los objetivos específicos están relacionados con las etapas fundamentales del proceso de construcción de conocimiento propuestas por los autores mencionados. El primer objetivo específico busca identificar, de manera emergente, las categorías que dan sentido a la experiencia del abp; el segundo objetivo pretende reconocer las relaciones entre dichas categorías; y, el tercero, establecer la síntesis teórica de dicha experiencia. Para todo esto los registros de diarios de campo y grupos focales serán los instrumentos privilegiados. Esta propuesta se diferencia de trabajos encontrados que, desde posturas cuantitativas, buscan evaluar deductivamente las teorías relacionadas con el abp, como trabajo cooperativo, actitud de estudiantes, desarrollo de competencias, entre otros aspectos.
Effect of different shell materials on the mechanical and thermal properties of core-shell structured bamboo-plastic composites
Authors: Xian Yu , Wang Cuicui , Wang Ge , Smith Leemiller , Cheng Haitao
Published: June 2021

The purpose of the study was to inspect the mechanical and thermal properties of four kinds of core-shell structured bamboo-plastic composites (BPCs). The materials that were used for the fabrication of the BPCs were high density polyethylene (HDPE), bamboo pulp fibers (BPF)/HDPE, nano-CaCO3/HDPE, and white mud (WM)/HDPE. As verified by flexural properties and impact properties, the dispersion of the BPF, nano-CaCO3, and WM in the HDPE matrix was inhomogeneous. The fracture surface of the scanning electron microscope (SEM) images showed that some aggregates existed in the HDPE. Additionally, X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to corroborate the results. The thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the samples with the WM/HDPE shell has little effect on the thermal stability. However, the apparent activation energy (Ea) values of the nano-CaCO3/HDPE shell were higher than those of the other samples, which indicated better thermal stability. The thermal stability had no remarkable changes with the addition of the WM and BPF. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) curves revealed that the relative crystallinity of the BPCs increased with the addition fillers, which suggested that the fillers can act as nucleating agents.
The Importance of the Network in International Music Competitions
Authors: Pilkytė Rūta
Published: June 2021

Collaboration between art organisations from different fields and countries is not a new phenomenon. However, the networking of art institutions is of a more recent nature. In Lithuania, international music competitions are organised by a non-governmental public institution “Natų knygynas”. This institution holds membership in different international organisations like the European Union of Music Competitions for Youth (EMCY) and the World Federation of International Music Competitions (WFIMC). The purpose of this report is to study the characteristics of EMCY and WFIMC international networks by applying comparative analysis of scientific literature and analysis of primary and secondary documents. The article presents the benefits of networking for international music competitions in Lithuania.
A Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas na Pós-Graduação - A Experiência do Curso de Gestores de Sistemas Locais de Saúde no Ceará
Authors: Soares Silvia Mamede Studart , Serapioni Mauro , Caprara Andera
Published: June 2021

Resumo: Os avanços verificados, ao longo dos últimos anos, no campo da educação dos profissionais de saúde indicam a necessidade de que estes programas utilizem abordagens e metodologias de aprendizagem efetivas. Neste sentido, a Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (Problem-Based Learning PBL) tem sido apontada como uma das mais promissoras inovações no campo da educação dos profissionais de saúde, ganhando reconhecimento não só pelos resultados que propicia, mas pela coerência entre seus fundamentos e as principais teorias de aprendizagem do adulto. Descreve-se o planejamento e o desenvolvimento do programa de especialização em gestão de sistemas locais de saúde, implementado no período de 1995-1999 na Escola de Saúde Pública do Ceará, enfocando, particularmente, a utilização do PBL como eixo central do processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
OPTIMIZED DETERMINATION OF 3D COORDINATES IN THE SURVEY OF INACCESSIBLE POINTS OF BUILDINGS - EXAMPLE OF APPLICATION IMPLEMENTED IN FREE SOFTWARE
Authors: França Leandro Luiz Silva de , Seixas Andréa de , Gama Luciene Ferreira , Moraes João Naves de
Published: June 2021

Abstract: The forward intersection method is already widely used in the geodetic survey of coordinates of inaccessible points, especially when only angle measurements are available, in this case, also called the triangulation method. However, the mathematical solution of the 3D forward intersection with the analytical definition of spatial lines, resolved by the Minimum Distances Method, is still not widespread in the academic and professional environment. This mathematical modeling determines the 3D coordinates of a point located in the middle of the minimum distance between two or more spatial lines, which spatially "intersect" towards the observation point. This solution is more accurate than others presented in the literature because it simultaneously solves the problem of 3D determination of a point by the method of least squares, in addition to providing an estimate of the coordinate precision, which are inherent to the adjustment. This work, therefore, has the objective of explaining the Minimum Distances Method for the spatial intersection of targeted measurements with a Total Station from two or more known observation points for the 3D determination of inaccessible points located in corners of buildings. For the analysis of the method, a Python tool was developed for QGIS that calculates the 3D coordinates and generates the adjustment processing report, being applied with real observations of the Geodetic survey of the SUDENE building, in Recife-PE. The methodology developed in this work proved to be suitable for measurements of large structures, achieving spherical precision better than ±1.0 cm, following the Brazilian standards for urban cadastre.
Investigation of Susceptibility of Some Apricot Cultivars to Shot-Hole (Stigmina carpophila (Lev.) M.B. Ellis) Disease Under Natural Inoculum Conditions
Authors: Kaymak Suat , Öztürk Yusuf , Uysal Ayşe , Koçal Hakkı , Erdoğan Şeyma Reyhan
Published: June 2021

Shot hole, caused by Stigmina carpophila (Lev.) M.B. Ellis, is a major fungal disease for apricots and it causes serious economic loss in Turkey. To protect apricots from the various destructive effects of the shot hole disease, excessive fungicide is used, which may lead to severe damage in ecosystem. One of the most beneficial alternative ways to minimize or eradicate hazardous effects of fungicides is to use resistant/moderately resistant varieties. This study was conducted to examine the susceptibility of 9 domestic and 10 foreign (in total 19) apricot cultivars to shot-hole disease in 2014 and 2015. The cultivars were tested under natural inoculation and no fungicide was applied in the trial. Disease symptoms were observed separately on fruits and leaves. Analysis of leaves showed that cultivars named Çağataybey (32.30%), Sakıt-7 (26.30%), and Şekerpare (25.03%) had the highest levels of disease severity while cultivars named Wilson Delicious (11.41%), Ivonne Liverani (12.54%), and Borsi Rozsa (14.35%) had the lowest levels. Findings of fruit evaluations demonstrated that the highest levels of disease severity were found on cultivars named Şekerpare (50.87%), Sakıt-7 (50.15%) and Sakıt-2 (49.85%) while the lowest levels were found on cultivars named Aprikoz (17.45%), Zard (17.69%), and Hasanbey (21.28%). Statistical analysis between leaf and fruit disease severities illustrated a moderate positive correlation. However, no statistical difference was observed between leaf and fruit disease severities in ripening periods. Disease severity levels for fruits and leaves of foreign cultivars were lower than those of domestic cultivars. Determination of disease resistances of domestic-foreign apricot cultivars with high fruit quality is thought to provide a great advantage in selecting the parents to be used as a source of resistance in breeding studies.
∇N-EINSTEIN ALMOST CONTACT METRIC MANIFOLDS
Authors:   National Research Saratov State University named after G.N. Chernyshevsky (Saratov, Russian Federation)), Galaev S.V.
Published: June 2021

On an almost contact metric manifold M, an N-connection ∇N defined by the pair (∇,N), where ∇ is the interior metric connection and N: TМ → TM is an endomorphism of the tangent bundle of the manifold M such that Nξ = 0, 􀁇 􀁇 N (D) ⊂ D , is considered. Special attention is paid to the case of a skew-symmetric N-connection ∇N, which means that the torsion of an N-connection considered as a trivalent covariant tensor is skew-symmetric. Such a connection is uniquely defined and corresponds to the endomorphism N = 2ψ, where the endomorphism ψ is defined by the equality ω( X ,Y ) = g (ψX ,Y ) and is called in this work the second structure endomorphism of an almost contact metric manifold. The notion of a ∇N-Einstein almost contact metric manifold is introduced. For the case N = 2ψ, conditions under which almost contact manifolds are ∇N-Einstein manifolds are found.
APPLICATION OF FAST EXPANSIONS TO OBTAIN EXACT SOLUTIONS TO A PROBLEM ON RECTANGULAR MEMBRANE DEFLECTION UNDER ALTERNATING LOAD
Authors:   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology (Voronezh, Russian Federation), Chernyshov A.D. , Goryainov V.V. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology (Voronezh, Russian Federation), Kuznetsov S.F. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology (Voronezh, Russian Federation), Nikiforova O.Yu. ,   Voronezh State University of Engineering Technology (Voronezh, Russian Federation)
Published: June 2021

The problem of rectangular membrane deflection under alternating loads is solved in general terms by means of the method of fast expansions. The exact solution is represented by the finite expression borrowed from the theory of fast expansions as a sum of the boundary function and Fourier sine series with two Fourier coefficients taken into account. The obtained exact solution includes free parameters. Changing the values of these parameters, one can derive many new exact solutions. Obtaining of exact solutions to a problem of the rigidly fixed membrane under two types of loads (dome-shaped and sinusoidal) is shown as an example. Graphs of the dome-shaped and sinusoidal loads on the membrane and the curves of the corresponding deflections and stress components are presented in the paper. From the analysis of the exact solutions, it is obvious that only when a symmetrical alternating load is used, the membrane maximum deflection is attained in the center of the membrane, and the stresses reach the highest values in the middle of both long sides. In the case of a non-symmetrical load, the maximum stress occurs in the middle of either one of two long sides of the rectangular membrane, and the maximum deflection is found in the central region.
INFLUENCE OF THE INITIAL PROPELLANT TEMPERATURE AND IGNITION METHOD ON BALLISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF A SHOT IN THE SETTING OF A 120 MM CALIBER MODEL BALLISTIC INSTALLATION
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Ishchenko A.N. , Kasimov V.Z. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Ushakova O.V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the effect of the initial temperature of a propellant charge and ignition method on ballistic characteristics of a shot from a model installation with a caliber of 120 mm is theoretically studied. Two types of charge ignition are considered: ignition by means of an electric primer-igniter and by a "flute"-type plasma torch. The developed numerical technique is described, which serves to simulate an artillery shot in an axisymmetric setting in conditions of the indicated ignition types. Three values of the initial temperature of the propellant charge are considered: –40, 0, and +40 °C. Configurations of computational domains for the given ignition methods are shown, and some calculated shot ballistic characteristics for six different calculation options, differing in the ignition type and initial temperature, are presented. It is revealed that in the specified range, the initial temperature of the propellant charge significantly affects the ballistic characteristics of the shot, such as a throwing speed and a maximum pressure in the chamber, while the type of ignition does not significantly affect these characteristics. It is noted that the ignition type has a great impact on temporal characteristics of the shot: the ignition time of a propellant charge and the time of the shot as a whole.
FORMULATION OF A METHOD OF RELIABILITY ASSESSMENT FOR CONSTRUCTIONS ON THE BASIS OF A COMBINATION OF STATISTICAL MODELING AND NUMERICAL METHODS OF STRESS EVALUATION
Authors:   Branch of FSUE «RFNC-VNIIEF» «NIIIS named after Yu.Ye. Sedakov» (Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation), Pimenov S.A.
Published: June 2021

In this paper, methods for estimating the reliability of constructions are considered. The formulation of a method for estimating the reliability of the design based on a combination of statistical modeling and numerical methods for evaluating stresses is given. The method is based on a "load – bearing capacity" model, which takes into account both stochasticity of mechanical properties of construction materials, randomness of geometric characteristics, and loads of a probabilistic nature. This new method is a system of n nested cycles. The number of governing parameters n depends on the design. The load variation series is calculated in the body of the internal cycle. The load is calculated numerically in terms of stresses using the finite element method. Any commercial solver such as Nastran, Ansys, or Abaqus can be used for this purpose. The probability of failure-free operation (reliability) is calculated involving the variational series of loads and load-carrying ability. For this purpose, the formalized estimation method based on empirical distributions is used. Fundamentals of the latter are available in the monograph "Reliability in Engineering Design" written by Kapur K.C. and Lamberson L.R.. A primary function of the proposed method is to evaluate the probability of failure-free operation of constructions under stationary or quasi-stationary random loads.
REACTANCES AND SUSCEPTANCES OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS
Authors:   High Tech Center (Kurgan, Russian Federation), Popov I.P.
Published: June 2021

The classical solution to the problems associated with calculating the velocities and reactions of elements of complex mechanical systems under harmonic force consists in the compilation and integration of systems of differential equations and is rather cumbersome and time-consuming. In most cases, a steady state is of major interest. The purpose of this study is to develop essentially compact methods for calculating systems under steady-state conditions. The problem is solved by the methods which are typically used to calculate electrical circuits. Representation of harmonic quantities as rotating vectors in a complex plane and the operations with their complex amplitudes can greatly facilitate the calculation of arbitrarily complex mechanical systems under harmonic effects in the steady state. In the proposed method, a key role is played by mechanical reactance, resistance, and impedance for the parallel connection of consumers of mechanical power, as well as susceptance, conductance, and admittance for the serial one. At force resonance, the total reactance of the mechanical system is zero. This means that the system does not exhibit reactive resistance to the external harmonic force. At velocity resonance, the total susceptibility of the mechanical system is zero. This means that the system has infinitely high resistance to the external harmonic force. As a result, the stock of the source of harmonic force is stationary, although the inert body and the elastic element oscillate.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF A POWERLAW FLUID FLOW IN A CHANNEL WITH DOUBLE CONSTRICTION
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Ryltsev I.A. , Frolov O.Yu. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Shrager G.R. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: June 2021

Flow fields of non-Newtonian fluids in cylindrical channels with obstacles are of great interest for researchers studying the mechanics of fluids. In engineering techniques, such channels represent component parts of heat exchangers and hydraulic systems of various types. In this work, the numerical simulation of a steady non-Newtonian fluid flow in an axisymmetric pipe with two overlaps, whose geometry is described by a cosine function, is carried out. Mathematical formulation of the problem is written in terms of vortex and stream function variables. The Ostwald – de Waele model is used to describe rheological properties of the medium. The solution to a system of differential equations is obtained numerically using the false transient method. To determine the pressure field, the Poisson equation for pressure is solved. Three media are considered in the paper: Newtonian, pseudoplastic, and dilatant fluids. The influence of the Reynolds number, power-law index in the rheological model, and geometric parameters of the channel on the flow characteristics is shown as streamline distributions and functional curves.
Perceptual Images in the Poetry of Slovak Symbolists (Based on the Original and Translated Poems by Ivan Krasko)
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Kryukova Larisa B. , Dulebova Irina ,   Comenius University (Bratislava, Slovak Republic)
Published: June 2021

The article provides an analysis of perceptual images in the aspect of text-related activities based on the poems by the Slovak symbolist poet Ivan Krasko. The focus is placed on the linguistic means of expressing perceptual semantics which allow exploring the artistic picture of the author’s world within the given literary direction. The problem of artistic perception is examined in the context of current research in the field of lin-guistic semantics and philological analysis of literary texts. In the first part of the article, the authors give a definition of a perceptual image, understood as one of the forms of an artistic image that is filled with a specific lexical and semantic content in the author’s individual worldview. A review of the works of Slovak researchers who discuss the features of the symbolist poetry of Ivan Krasko is given. It is emphasized that the creativity of the Slovak symbolist is characterized by poetic parallelism between the internal state of the lyrical hero and their surrounding nature. Sensory perception in the poetry of Ivan Krasko is focused on the awareness and classification of “perceived” objects and phenomena. The second (main) part of the article deals with a comparative linguistic analysis of the original poem “My Songs” and its poetic translation by Anna Akhmatova. The most significant artistic image in the original and translated text is všednosť/ordinariness (everydayness), which reflects the internal state of the lyrical hero and is represented by a wide range of linguistic units with perceptual semantics. The analyzed perceptual images are fog, haze, poplar, mountains, flowers, etc. At the lexical level, there are similar features in the description of the landscape: nouns and adjectives with semantics of visual perception are used – greenness, whiteness, blue-ness. The differences at the formal-syntactic level are due to the peculiarities of the syntactic structure of the Slovak language and the Russian language, while the proposi-tional semantics generally corresponds. At the stylistic level, minor differences are explained by the author’s worldview: in case of Krasko, it is a symbolist worldview; in case of Akhmatova, it is the acmeist worldview. In the original text, the main images are represented by expressions with an abstract meaning: božie muky dole v cintoríne, striebro riavy, v dolinu, vzkvetlú tisícerým kvetom; in translation, the images are more specific: crucifixion, a rose hip, a crest, a cliff. As a result of the comparative analysis of the original and translated texts, the peculiarities of the representation of the percep-tual picture of the world of the author and the translator, realized at different text levels, were revealed. Poetic transformations testify to the “special type of perception” charac-teristic of the Slovak poet as a representative of the symbolist trend.
Ernst Jünger’s Phenomenon: Building “Beyond Oneself”
Authors:   Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration (Moscow, Russian Federation), Indrikov Aleksey A.
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the creative phenomenon of the German writer and thinker Ernst Jünger and his literary works that have formed a special, monumental and heroic matrix of European culture. The essence of this matrix is shown through deducing its main task – that is, as the author proposes, to preserve the semantic bridgehead for de-picting the heroic and the poetic, which is to confront the world of the simple non-spiritual demands of a consumer society. Contemporary European culture demands, as the author consistently proves, the monumental and heroic matrix. Since the second half of the 20th century, the European culture has found itself at a difficult civilizational crossroads: on the one hand, culture has been actively shaped by existentialism as an ideology of avoiding social transformation of the external world; on the other hand, European culture has been significantly pressed by the American culture of entertain-ment which invaded Europe even more after the end of World War II. As a result, Eu-rope has more and more abandoned its heroic, monumental and historical heritage. The matrix of culture formed by Jünger appears as a special edifice built on the notion of a person’s destiny and one’s spiritual capability revealed in a large-scale military con-frontation, in the war of “spaces”. The article discloses the peculiarities of Jünger’s monumental outlook on war as on a special cultural and historical landscape where an individual life is shaped into the destiny “beyond oneself”, into the fates of peoples and states. Jünger’s creative phenomenon is considered on the example of his first and most famous book, Storm of Steel, which is essentially authentic to the monumental and he-roic matrix of European culture. The unique and timeless value of this work is shown through its special historical and meta-cultural causality. The specific aspects of Jünger’s literary philosophy are shown as an embodiment of a doctrine that provides spiritual exaltation for the one who has aspired to create. The cultural-philosophical analysis of Jünger’s literary work undertaken in the article allows the author to draw to a conclusion about the heroic-monumental content of the Europe-an culture matrix, literally “encoded” in the compressed form of the novel Storm of Steel. As it follows from the research conducted by the author, there is a vital need in the culture for transforming the external world by the joint efforts of the heroes of one’s time, united by the task of a large-scale spiritual evolution of the humanity embodying their mission.
The Didactic Function of the Autobiographical Story (On the Dialect Material)
Authors:   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Voloshina Svetlana V.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to identify the means of linguistic expression of the di-dactic function and the factors of this function’s implementation in dialectal autobio-graphical stories. The material of the research is 120 oral autobiographical stories, which were recorded in Tomsk Oblast from the 1960s to 2018 during dialectological expeditions. The source of the material is the texts of the Tomsk dialect corpus (http://losl.tsu.ru/?q=corpus), as well as audio recordings of dialect speech, made by the author of the article during the expeditions in villages Pervomayskoe, Pervomayskiy District of Tomsk Oblast, in 2008, and Melnikovo, Shegarskiy District of Tomsk Ob-last, in 2017–2019. The didactic function is understood as the ability of autobiographical stories, in a broad sense, to be a tool of training, education, transfer of important knowledge about the world, accompanied by the desire of the stories’ authors to teach interlocutors, to explain something to them, to give advice. The author of the article identified the factors of implementing the didactic function in the autobio-graphical story. Among them are: 1) the specificity of dialect discourse: it is focused on tradition, its preservation and translation; 2) the genre of the material: since autobio-graphical texts have a retrospective orientation, informants, reporting on their lives, give an example, a model for the interlocutor to follow, or, vice versa, to avoid errors in life, not to repeat them; 3) the communicative situation and its components: first of all, these are participants of communication – a dialectologist and an informant; they be-long to different types of culture, and informants therefore strengthen the interpretive element in their stories, explaining what a word means, where and how an object is used, etc. As a rule, informants are older, so they give recommendations to dialectolo-gists, teach them: Now, girls, you live in a good century. It is just necessary to work, just to work. To learn, to work, and then all will be well. So, girls, live, take care of your life. Take care of life. The theme, time and space of communication were also identified among the components of the communicative situation. All these factors take part in the representation of the didactic function. It is determined that didacticism can be expressed in the speech genres of advice, explanation, and culinary recipe. The di-dactic function is represented by imperative statements, words of the category of state, statements reflecting informants’ values and ideas about ethical and moral categories, by infinitive constructions, statements with verbs in the form of abstract present or fu-ture tenses, lexemes expressing moral values. It has been determined that the didacti-cism of autobiographical texts is associated with the self-reflection of informants about their lives and, more broadly, with the analysis of generational experience.
The Stylistic Peculiarities of the Illuminated Manuscript Sermon of Palladii the Monk in Old Believer Book Culture
Authors:   Ural Federal University (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation), Anufrieva Natalia V.
Published: June 2021

Images of the Last Judgement in the eschatological writing Sermon of Palladii the Monk attracted the interest of Old Believer scribes as a visual proof of the truth of their faith. In the epoch when the Last Judgement was intensively anticipated (the second half of the 17th and the 18th centuries), illuminated Old Believer manuscripts were especially popular and significant. In different regional centres of Old Belief, rules for decorating such manuscripts were developed. The means of formulating and spreading visual information were distinct in terms of colour, the way in which narrative details were drawn, and the general composition. Using the illuminated manuscript Sermon of Palladii the Monk as an example, one can trace these stylistic distinctions. As a result of a comparative analysis with fifteen other illuminated manuscripts, it is possible to define four sustained styles used in the creation of this artefact. The “Northern Letters” style (present among the priestless Old Believers of the Russian North, the Urals, Sibe-ria, and Central Russia) is distinguished by the particular combination of colours (the combination of bright red, green and their shades) and the templates used to paint the pictures. The “Volga” style (which united different regions of the Volga, such as Irgiz, Nizhny Novgorod, Gorodets, Kerzhenets, Saratov, and others) stands out due to the richness and variety of the colours, which ranged from light and airy to bright and catchy, like purple and violet. Developing at the beginning of the 19th century in the Urals, the “Shartash” style includes decorative elements from the artistic schools of Pomor’e, Vetka, and Guslitsa. Often, these miniatures resemble lubki in terms of their narratives, fragmentation of the plot, and numerous explanations. Among the priestless Old Believers, the so-called “Baroque Rocaille” style was widespread: this contained elements from the art of the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries (such as Baroque and Rococo). These reflected the desires of scribes and artists to take into account modern developments, thereby keeping up with the times. Examining in paral-lel several different manuscripts and their characteristic features allows us to see the repeatability of individual stable forms of composition, as well as the breadth of the colour choices and the artistic qualities of the manuscripts. As the size of the study base increases, new information on the characteristic iconographic attributes of Sermon of Palladii the Monk will become available.
Problems of Attributing the Publications of the Old Believer Ovchinnikov Printer
Authors:   Ural Federal University (Yekaterinburg, Russian Federation), Pochinskaya Irina V.
Published: June 2021

This article is dedicated to the problem of attributing the publications of illegal Old Believer printers in the second half of the nineteenth century: such publications do not have bibliographical data or have false information about the place of publication. At the centre of the author’s attention is the largest and longest-running printing company in the Old Believer market that belonged to the brothers Ovchinnikov. For publications from the eighteenth to the early nineteenth centuries, the main element which allows us to attribute a book to this or that printer is decoration; however, this criterion is insufficient for books from the second half of the nineteenth century. Old Believer merchants were publishers of books in the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries; they placed their orders in rather large printing companies with an established set of decorations. Even in the printers they started at the end of the eighteenth century, they followed the tradition of using individual and distinctive ornamentation. In the second half of the nineteenth century, peasants or townsmen were publishers of books. Lacking sufficient funds and due to the illegal character of their activities, their printers were small and mobile, and they printed books on cheap paper in order to lower pro-duction costs. With only rare exceptions, the decoration of such books was not rich: either it was absent in general or there were only typeset decorations. If they did have headpieces, different printers used the same models. As such, ornamentation cannot be used as a universal indicator for attributing these publications, although it can be part of a set of such indicators. Fonts play the main role in defining an edition, but it is neces-sary to create a reference guide of fonts if this indicator is to be used practically. This article reflects the results of an analysis of fonts and decorative elements in publications from the Ovchinnikov printer. Very many such publications used a great variety of fonts simultaneously. According to indirect data, the books date from the 1860s. They might initially be taken for sammelbände since the type of paper changes along with the fonts. However, the integrity of the text during the transition from one font type to the next undermines this assumption. The article poses the question of how to explain the peculiarities of such publications. There is no one-dimensional answer. However, the author makes some suggestions: it is possible that at some point the printer was dispersed, with several printing presses placed in different houses. When a comparatively large volume was produced, the material was shared out and printed on these separate press-es. However, this hypothesis provokes the question: why do blocks of text printed in one font not follow each other in sequence? The article contains examples of the printer’s fonts and artistic elements the author identified.
LITERARY AND EDITING STUDIES IN THE CLASSROOM: EXPERIMENTAL TEXTUAL AND CONTEXTUAL ANALYSIS
Authors:   Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Toruń, Poland), Koneczniak G.
Published: June 2021

The aim of the article is to demonstrate the connection between literary and editorial studies and their mutual dependence in the process of analysing and interpreting texts of literature on the basis of a passage from Joseph Conrad’s Lord Jim. In this essay, significant outcomes will be reported to, later, show the specific analysis of the literary passage in the process of answering questions from textual through contextual considerations.