bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DNA methylation and gene expression of immune cell markers in adolescents with chronic cannabis use: an exploratory study
Authors: Plank Anne-Christine , Wiedmann Melina , Kuitunen-Paul Sören , Wagner Wolfgang , Perez-Correa Juan-Felipe , Franzen Julia , Ioannidis Charalampos , Mirtschink Peter , Roessner Veit , Golub Yulia
Published: October 2024

Background

Experimental studies indicate that phytocannabinoids have immune-modulatory properties. However, the effects of chronic cannabis use (CCU) in adolescents on their immune cells have been scarcely investigated to date, although CCU is increasingly observed in this age group.

Methods

In this study, we analyzed DNA methylation and gene expression of immune cell markers in whole-blood samples of adolescent CCU-outpatients and non-cannabis-using (NCU) controls (n = 14 vs. n = 15, mean age = 16.1 ± 1.3 years). Site-specific DNA methylation values were used to calculate A) proportion estimates of circulating white blood cell (WBC) types and B) mean DNA methylation values of common immune cell markers (CD4, CD8A, CD19, FCGR3A, CD14, FUT4, MPO), whose gene expression levels were additionally determined.

Results

CCU adolescents had a lower estimated proportion of B cells compared to NCU subjects. An originally observed higher proportion of granulocytes in CCU subjects, however, was attenuated when controlling for past-year tobacco use. The observed differences in mean DNA methylation and gene expression of immune cell markers were not statistically significant.

Conclusion

The results of our explorative study indicate that CCU in adolescents is associated with altered levels of circulating WBCs. Further studies with larger cohorts are warranted to confirm our findings and to provide insights regarding their functional consequences.
Depression symptoms are associated with demographic characteristics, nutritional status, and social support among young adults in Chile: a latent class analysis
Authors: Carvajal Francisca , Lerma-Cabrera José Manuel , de León Pía Herrera-Ponce , López-Arana Sandra
Published: October 2024

Background

Depressive disorders are a critical public health concern in Chile. Nonetheless, there is a lack of evidence regarding the identification of depressive symptom clusters. The objective was to identify depressive symptom clusters among Chilean young adults and examine how demographic, and lifestyle factors as well as social support can influence and predict them.

Methods

Cross-sectional study conducted among 1,000 participants from the Limache cohort 2. A latent class analysis (LCA) was performed to identify depressive symptom clusters, using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Multinomial logistic regression was then applied to explore the associations between identified classes and potential predictors. The models were adjusted by age and sex.

Results

Three latent classes of depressive symptoms were identified: minimal (25.7%); somatic (50.7%) and severe (23.6%). In the severe class for eight out nine depressive symptoms the probabilities were above 50%, and the probability of suicidal ideation was almost a third in this class. Being female (Adjusted Odds ratio [AOR], 2.49; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.63–3.81]), current smoker (AOR, 1.74; 95% CI [1.15–2.65]), having basic education (AOR, 3.12; 95% CI [1.30–7.53]) and obesity (AOR, 2.72; 95% CI [1.61–4.59]) significantly increased the likelihood of belonging to severe class. Higher social support decreased the odds of being in the somatic (OR, 0.96; 95% CI [0.93–0.98]) and severe (OR, 0.92; 95% CI [0.90–0.94]) classes.

Conclusions

These findings highlight the importance of individualized intervention strategies for depression management. Also, the study suggests that nutritional status and social support should be considered when addressing depression in this population.
Implementation lessons learned from the University of California’s Diabetes Prevention Program Initiative
Authors: Loeb Tamra Burns , Ramm Kate , Gholami Maryam , Shedd Kelly , Soetenga Samantha , Bhagat Meera , Jackson Nicholas J. , Chung Un Young Rebecca , Duru O. Kenrik , Mangione Carol M. , Hamilton Alison B. , Moin Tannaz
Published: October 2024

Background

The University of California’s Diabetes Prevention Program (UC DPP) Initiative was implemented systemwide to address diabetes and obesity risk on all 10 campuses. As little is known about implementing lifestyle change programs in university settings, we examined implementation partners’ (i.e., UC DPP leaders and campus leads) perceptions of factors influencing program success on UC campuses.

Methods

We conducted qualitative interviews with UC DPP leaders and campus leads to examine challenges and opportunities with university-based DPP delivery models. Interviews were recorded, professionally transcribed, and reviewed in detail by the research team. Transcripts were analyzed using rapid qualitative analysis (RQA). The study was approved by the UCLA Institutional Review Board. All implementation partners provided verbal informed consent.

Results

Twenty-six implementation partners (8 UC DPP leaders and 18 campus leads) completed interviews in 2021. Seven themes were identified as critical for implementation, including (1) marketing and recruitment (i.e., market and recruit broadly through established channels as well as target at-risk populations); (2) enrollment (i.e., offer the program during convenient times and let participants know what to expect); (3) use an adaptable, evidence-based program; (4) secure funding for the program, participants, lifestyle coaches, and space; (5) hire experienced and dedicated staff and lifestyle coaches; (6) ensure leadership support; and (7) utilize campus linkages and resources. Perceptions of challenges faced with respect to these themes are also described.

Conclusions

This is one of the first studies to examine the challenges and opportunities of delivering an intensive lifestyle change program across 10 university sites. Understanding factors that enhance success of university-based diabetes prevention programs can facilitate UC DPP efforts and help inform delivery strategies of health and wellness programs across other university settings more broadly.
Potential protective efficacy of biogenic silver nanoparticles synthesised from earthworm extract in a septic mice model
Authors: Ali Sara Bayoumi , Mohamed Ayman Saber , Abdelfattah Marwa Ahmed , Samir Alia Baher , Abdullah Farha Youssef , Elsayed Halla Ahmed , Abdelhalem Manar , Elsadek Nour , Osama Sara , Mohamed Seif Eldin , Fahmy Sohair R.
Published: October 2024

Sepsis is an inevitable stage of bacterial invasion characterized by an uncontrolled inflammatory response resulting in a syndrome of multiorgan dysfunction. Most conventional antibiotics used to treat sepsis are efficacious, but they have undesirable side effects. The green synthesised Ag NPs were synthesized by 5 g of the earthworm extract dissolved in a volume of 500mL of distilled water and then added to 2,500 mL aqueous solution of 1mM silver nitrate at 40 °C. After 4 h, the mixture was then allowed to dry overnight at 60 °C. Later, Ag NPs were washed and collected. They were characterized by X-ray diffraction, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Sepsis model as induced by feces-intraperitoneal injection method. Eighteen male mice were assigned into three main groups: the control group, the sepsis-model group, and the Ag NPs-treated group. The control group received a single oral dose of distilled water and, after two days, intraperitoneally injected with 30% glycerol in phosphate buffer saline. The Sepsis-model group received a single oral dose of distilled water. Ag NPs - The treated group received a single oral dose of 5.5 mg/kg of Ag NPs. After two days, the sepsis-model group and Ag NPs-treated group were intraperitoneally injected with 200 µL of faecal slurry. Ag NPs treatment in septic mice significantly decreased liver enzyme activities, total protein, and serum albumin. Moreover, Ag NPs significantly enhanced kidney function, as indicated by a significant decrease in the levels of creatinine, urea, and uric acid. In addition, Ag NPs showed a powerful antioxidant effect via the considerable reduction of malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels and the increase in antioxidant content. The histopathological investigation showed clear improvement in hepatic and kidney architecture. Our findings demonstrate the protective efficacy of biogenic Ag NPs against sepsis-induced liver and kidney damage.
Roles and experiences of nurses in primary health care during the COVID-19 pandemic: a scoping review
Authors: Kang Bada , Oh Eui Geum , Kim Sue , Jang Yeonsoo , Choi JiYeon , Konlan Kennedy Diema , Lee Hyeonkyeong
Published: October 2024

Background

Nurses form the frontline of the healthcare system’s response to both epidemics and pandemics, and this was especially the case during the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Although the influence of COVID-19 on nursing roles has attracted interest, there is no integrated knowledge of nurses’ roles and experiences in primary health care settings during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, this study identifies the roles and experiences of nurses in primary health care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A scoping review study design and the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology were used. The study searched five electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, Scopus, and PsychINFO) and included studies published in English from March 2020 to June 2023 that focused on the roles and experiences of nurses (participants) during COVID-19 (concept) in primary health care settings (context).

Results

Fourteen articles were selected for review, involving a total of 1,487 nurses as study participants. The various roles undertaken by nurses in primary health care settings were categorized as comprehensive care providers, supporters and empowerers, coordinators and collaborators, information navigators, and change agents. Challenges and strategies are multilevel intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, community, and societal issues, but are not mutually exclusive.

Conclusions

The pandemic-induced challenges revealed primary health care nurses’ vital and indispensable roles and resilience. They also fostered a heightened awareness of technological influence on the progression of primary health care in the current milieu. Policymakers and healthcare organizations need to integrate primary health care nurses’ expanding and emerging roles within the scope of practice, ensuring their effective implementation without excessive regulatory constraints. This study emphasizes the importance of developing multilevel interventions to address the support needs of primary health care nurses through a system-based approach. Building a strong infrastructure to support nurses’ self-care, offering continuing professional development opportunities, and securing official government recognition will be essential for enhancing the resilience of primary healthcare nurses in preparation for future, potentially devastating pandemics.
Microbiome-derived metabolites in early to mid-pregnancy and risk of gestational diabetes: a metabolome-wide association study
Authors: Susarla Sita Manasa , Fiehn Oliver , Thiele Ines , Ngo Amanda L. , Barupal Dinesh K. , Chehab Rana F. , Ferrara Assiamira , Zhu Yeyi
Published: October 2024

Background

Pre-diagnostic disturbances in the microbiome-derived metabolome have been associated with an increased risk of diabetes in non-pregnant populations. However, the roles of microbiome-derived metabolites, the end-products of microbial metabolism, in gestational diabetes (GDM) remain understudied. We examined the prospective association of microbiome-derived metabolites in early to mid-pregnancy with GDM risk in a diverse population.

Methods

We conducted a prospective discovery and validation study, including a case–control sample of 91 GDM and 180 non-GDM individuals within the multi-racial/ethnic The Pregnancy Environment and Lifestyle Study (PETALS) as the discovery set, a random sample from the PETALS (42 GDM, 372 non-GDM) as validation set 1, and a case–control sample (35 GDM, 70 non-GDM) from the Gestational Weight Gain and Optimal Wellness randomized controlled trial as validation set 2. We measured untargeted fasting serum metabolomics at gestational weeks (GW) 10–13 and 16–19 by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF–MS), liquid chromatography (LC)/quadrupole TOF–MS, and hydrophilic interaction LC/quadrupole TOF–MS. GDM was diagnosed using the 3-h, 100-g oral glucose tolerance test according to the Carpenter-Coustan criteria around GW 24–28.

Results

Among 1362 annotated compounds, we identified 140 of gut microbiome metabolism origin. Multivariate enrichment analysis illustrated that carbocyclic acids and branched-chain amino acid clusters at GW 10–13 and the unsaturated fatty acids cluster at GW 16–19 were positively associated with GDM risk (FDR < 0.05). At GW 10–13, the prediction model that combined conventional risk factors and LASSO-selected microbiome-derived metabolites significantly outperformed the model with only conventional risk factors including fasting glucose (discovery AUC: 0.884 vs. 0.691; validation 1: 0.945 vs. 0.731; validation 2: 0.987 vs. 0.717; all P < 0.01). At GW 16–19, similar results were observed (discovery AUC: 0.802 vs. 0.691, P < 0.01; validation 1: 0.826 vs. 0.780; P = 0.10).

Conclusions

Dysbiosis in microbiome-derived metabolites is present early in pregnancy among individuals progressing to GDM.
A field comparison study of two vaccine protocols against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae in two types of swine breeds in Spain
Authors: Sanchez-Tarifa E. , Alonso C. , Perez I. , García L. A. , Fernández-Fontelo A. , Gómez-Duran O. , García-Morante B. , García–Vázquez Francisco A. , Hernández-Caravaca I.
Published: October 2024

Erysipelas still causes large economic losses to pig industry. Maternal immunity is critical to prevent erysipelas in young animals, thus, intensive vaccination protocols or practices focused on the improvement of the maternally derived immunity could provide substantial benefits. The present study evaluates potential changes in antibodies levels in sows and their offspring using two types of tests (commercial ELISA, Ingenasa or rSpaA415 ELISA) when two different vaccination programs (before farrowing or after farrowing) against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae were applied to sows from Iberian (A) or conventional Large White-Landrace (B) pig farms. The results showed a statistical correlation between titers found in sows and their one-week old piglets in both tests. The overall mean of (log) antibody titers in farm B measured by the commercial ELISA test was significantly higher in pre-farrowing vaccinated sows compared to the post-farrowing vaccine protocol (p = 0.0278). Additionally, using the rSpaA415 ELISA test, the overall mean of (log) antibody titers was significantly higher in pre-farrowing sows (p = 0.0056) compared to sows following post-farrowing vaccine protocol (p = 0.0003) or non- vaccinated sows. None of the above-mentioned differences were found in farm A. The overall mean of (log) antibody titers in piglets from the pre-farrowing vaccination protocol was significantly higher than piglets from the post-farrowing vaccination protocol in farm A (p = 0.0059; rSpaA415 ELISA) and farm B (p = 0.0168 and p = 0.0098 for the commercial and rSpaA415 ELISA data, respectively). Additionally, higher proportion of piglets from pre-farrowing vaccinated sows remained seropositive during the post-weaning period (days 42 to 84) compared to piglets from non-vaccinated or post-farrowing vaccinated groups in both farms A and B.
Secretome from estrogen-responding human placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells rescues ovarian function and circadian rhythm in mice with cyclophosphamide-induced primary ovarian insufficiency
Authors: Le Duy-Cuong , Ngo Mai-Huong T. , Kuo Yung-Che , Chen Shu-Hwa , Lin Chung-Yen , Ling Thai-Yen , Pham Quoc Thao Trang , Au Heng-Kien , Myung Jihwan , Huang Yen-Hua
Published: October 2024

Background

Primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an early decline in ovarian function that leads to ovarian failure. Conventional treatments for POI are inadequate, and treatments based on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as an option. However, the lack of consideration of the estrogen niche in ovarian tissue significantly reduces the therapeutic efficacy, with an unclear mechanism in the MSCs in POI treatment. Furthermore, the disruption of circadian rhythm associated with POI has not been previously addressed.

Methods

Conditioned medium (CM) and estradiol-conditioned medium (E2-CM) were generated from estrogen receptor positive MSCs (ER+pcMSCs). Chemotherapy-induced POI models were established using C57BL/6 mice (in vivo) and KGN cells (in vitro) treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) or 4-hydroperoxycyclophosphamide (4-OOH-CP). Gene/protein expressions were detected using RT-qPCR, Western blotting, and immunohistochemistry assays. Locomotor activity was monitored for behavioral circadian rhythmicity. Cytokine arrays and miRNA analysis were conducted to analyze potential factors within CM/E2-CM.

Results

The secretome of ER+pcMSCs (CM and E2-CM) significantly reduced the CTX-induced defects in ovarian folliculogenesis and circadian rhythm. CM/E2-CM also reduced granulosa cell apoptosis and rescued angiogenesis in POI ovarian tissues. E2-CM had a more favorable effect than the CM. Notably, ER+pcMSC secretome restored CTX-induced circadian rhythm defects, including the gene expressions associated with the ovarian circadian clock (e.g., Rora, E4bp4, Rev-erbα, Per2 and Dbp) and locomotor activity. Additionally, the cytokine array analysis revealed a significant increase in cytokines and growth factors associated with immunomodulation and angiogenesis, including angiogenin. Neutralizing the angiogenin in CM/E2-CM significantly reduced its ability to promote HUVEC tube formation in vitro. Exosomal miRNA analysis revealed the miRNAs involved in targeting the genes associated with POI rescue (PTEN and PDCD4), apoptosis (caspase-3, BIM), estrogen synthesis (CYP19A1), ovarian clock regulation (E4BP4, REV-ERBα) and fibrosis (COL1A1).

Conclusion

This study is the first to demonstrate that, in considering the estrogen niche in ovarian tissue, an estrogen-priming ER+pcMSC secretome achieved ovarian regeneration and restored the circadian rhythm in a CTX-induced POI mouse model. The potential factors involved include angiogenin and exosomal miRNAs in the ER+pcMSC secretome. These findings offer insights into potential stem cell therapies for chemotherapy-induced POI and circadian rhythm disruption.
miR-210 is essential to retinal homeostasis in fruit flies and mice
Authors: Colaianni Davide , Virga Federico , Tisi Annamaria , Stefanelli Chiara , Zaccagnini Germana , Cusumano Paola , Sales Gabriele , Preda Mihai Bogdan , Martelli Fabio , Taverna Daniela , Mazzone Massimiliano , Bertolucci Cristiano , Maccarone Rita , De Pittà Cristiano
Published: October 2024

Background

miR-210 is one of the most evolutionarily conserved microRNAs. It is known to be involved in several physiological and pathological processes, including response to hypoxia, angiogenesis, cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Recently, new roles of this microRNA are emerging in the context of eye and visual system homeostasis. Recent studies in Drosophila melanogaster unveiled that the absence of miR-210 leads to a progressive retinal degeneration characterized by the accumulation of lipid droplets and disruptions in lipid metabolism. However, the possible conservation of miR-210 knock-out effect in the mammalian retina has yet to be explored.

Results

We further investigated lipid anabolism and catabolism in miR-210 knock-out (KO) flies, uncovering significant alterations in gene expression within these pathways. Additionally, we characterized the retinal morphology of flies overexpressing (OE) miR-210, which was not affected by the increased levels of the microRNA. For the first time, we also characterized the retinal morphology of miR-210 KO and OE mice. Similar to flies, miR-210 OE did not affect retinal homeostasis, whereas miR-210 KO mice exhibited photoreceptor degeneration. To explore other potential parallels between miR-210 KO models in flies and mice, we examined lipid metabolism, circadian behaviour, and retinal transcriptome in mice, but found no similarities. Specifically, RNA-seq confirmed the lack of involvement of lipid metabolism in the mice’s pathological phenotype, revealing that the differentially expressed genes were predominantly associated with chloride channel activity and extracellular matrix homeostasis. Simultaneously, transcriptome analysis of miR-210 KO fly brains indicated that the observed alterations extend beyond the eye and may be linked to neuronal deficiencies in signal detection and transduction.

Conclusions

We provide the first morphological characterization of the retina of miR-210 KO and OE mice, investigating the role of this microRNA in mammalian retinal physiology and exploring potential parallels with phenotypes observed in fly models. Although the lack of similarities in lipid metabolism, circadian behaviour, and retinal transcriptome in mice suggests divergent mechanisms of retinal degeneration between the two species, transcriptome analysis of miR-210 KO fly brains indicates the potential existence of a shared upstream mechanism contributing to retinal degeneration in both flies and mammals.
An outbreak of blaKPC−4- and blaVIM−1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella variicola at a single hospital in South Korea
Authors: Chu Jiyon , Choi Jaeki , Ji Seul Ki , Park Chulmin , Jung Seung-Hyun , Park Sun Hee , Lee Dong-Gun
Published: October 2024

Background

The dissemination of Klebsiella spp. producing multiple carbapenemases has been increasingly recognized. Between July 2019 and August 2021, ten patients were found to carry Klebsiella spp. co-harboring blaKPC−4 and blaVIM−1 across multiple wards at a Korean hospital, and one isolate was recovered from a hand-washing sink, more than a year after the outbreak. This study aimed to investigate the outbreak and conduct a genomic study of these isolates.

Methods

Whole-genome sequencing, including long-read sequencing, was performed to analyze plasmid structures and mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Bioinformatics analyses were performed to trace clonal transmission chains and horizontal gene transfer.

Results

The findings suggested that the inter-ward spread of Klebsiella spp. seemed to be facilitated by healthcare worker contact or patient movement. Of the nine isolates collected (eight clinical and one environmental), seven (including the environmental isolate) were identified as K. pneumoniae (ST3680) and two were K. variicola (single-locus variant of ST5252). These isolates showed high genetic relatedness within their species and harbored the IncHI5B plasmid carrying both blaKPC−4 and blaVIM−1 (pKPCVIM.1). On this plasmid, blaVIM−1 was located in the Class 1 integron associated with IS1326::IS1353 (In2), and Tn4401b carrying blaKPC−4 was inserted into IS1326::IS1353, creating a novel MGE construct (In2_blaVIM−1-Tn4401b_blaKPC−4).

Conclusion

The hospital-wide spread of blaKPC−4 and blaVIM−1 was facilitated by clonal spread and horizontal plasmid transfer. The persistence of this strain in the hospital sink suggests a potential reservoir of the strain. Understanding the transmission mechanisms of persistent pathogens is important for improving infection control strategies in hospitals.
Bibliometric and visual analysis of sustainable preservation of heritage gardens
Authors: Liu Kun , Xian Zheng , Yang Ruochen , Takeda Shiro , Cui Jingshu , Sun Fuhao , Zhang Siyu , Zhang Junhua , Zhao Caijun , Liu Bing
Published: October 2024

Heritage gardens represent the cultural heritage pride of many nations, and their sustainable preservation has garnered widespread academic attention globally. Despite numerous qualitative reviews, a comprehensive quantitative analysis of heritage garden preservation literature from 2004 to 2024 is lacking. This study examines the dynamic evolution of heritage garden conservation (2004–2024) through bibliometric analysis, focusing on Research Activity and Impact, Cooperation Networks, and Knowledge Structure and Thematic Evolution. To achieve this goal, this study conducted a bibliometric analysis using the Web of Science Core Collection database. Initially, 1,540 documents were retrieved. After excluding irrelevant categories and conducting a manual review of titles, abstracts, and keywords to ensure relevance, 774 articles were selected for analysis. The analysis utilized bibliometric software tools such as VOS viewer, CiteSpace, and Biblioshiny. The results initially reveal that the period from 2010 to 2021 marked a significant increase in publication volume within the field of heritage gardens, although only 2.4% of the papers were reviews. Landscape Urban Planning and Geoheritage emerged as the most influential journals, based on their high local citation counts within the field. Additionally, collaboration networks indicated that scholars from the United States and China published the most papers, with Canadian scholars’ works having significant impact. Influenced by the evolving concepts of technology, politics, and cultural heritage, the analysis of knowledge structure and theme evolution identified ecosystem services, user perceptions, and cultural landscape impacts as recent hot topics. Future research on the sustainable preservation of heritage gardens should focus more on balancing urban development, incorporating sustainable management, and digital restoration through quantitative methods. In summary, this study offers insights into the global evolution of heritage garden preservation from 2004 to 2024, providing a valuable resource for future research and policy-making.
Individual placement and support (IPS): duration of employment support and equity of access and outcome in routine clinical practice
Authors: Rinaldi Miles , Perkins Rachel , Baxter Robert , Dorrington Paul , Saville Kat
Published: October 2024

Aims and method

To explore the duration of support, reach, effectiveness and equity in access to and outcome of individual placement and support (IPS) in routine clinical practice. A retrospective analysis of routine cross-sectional administrative data was performed for people using the IPS service (N = 539).

Results

A total of 46.2% gained or retained employment, or were supported in education. The median time to gaining employment was 132 days (4.3 months). Further, 84.7% did not require time-unlimited in-work support, and received in-work support for a median of 146 days (4.8 months). There was a significant overrepresentation of people from Black and minority ethnic communities accessing IPS, but no significant differences in outcomes by diagnosis, ethnicity, age or gender.

Clinical implications

Most people using IPS services do not appear to need time-unlimited in-work support. Community teams with integrated IPS employment specialists can be optimistic when addressing people's recovery goals of gaining and retaining employment.
Poly (ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitor Resistance Driven by Emergence of Polyclonal Mutations With Convergent Evolution: A Molecular Tumor Board Discussion
Authors: Fatteh Maria , Wehr Jaime , Karaindrou Katerina , Xian Rena R. , Gocke Christopher , Lin Ming-Tseh , Petry Dana , Visvanathan Kala , Couzi Rima , Santa Maria Cesar , Stearns Vered , Tao Jessica J. , Anagnostou Valsamo , Canzoniero Jenna V. ,   and the Johns Hopkins Molecular Tumor Board, Pratilas Christine , Botsis Taxiarchis , Zou Ying , Spiker Jonathan , Kreimeyer Kory , He Ting , Wolff Antonio , Meyer Christian , Laterra John , Armstrong Deborah , Karchin Rachel , Schreck Karisa , Kamson David Olayinka , Ghanem Paola , Balan Archana , Too Faith , Makell Monique , Lehman Jennifer , Wanchoo Timsy , Conroy Michael , Linville Laura , Najjar Mimi , Sherief Mohamed , Durham Maria , Alzubi Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Polyclonal convergent evolution to PARPi resistance in a patient with metastatic breast cancer with gPALB2.
Arterial Stiffness Associated With Long-term Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients With Primary Aldosteronism
Authors: Wu Vin-Cent , Chu Wen-Kai , Yang Po-Lung , Lin Yen-Hung , Wang Shuo-Meng , Chueh Jeff S
Published: October 2024

Context

As a novel parameter for risk prediction, artery stiffness may hold promise in refining risk assessment strategies, guiding therapeutic interventions, and ultimately improving cardiovascular outcomes in patients with primary aldosteronism (PA).

Objective and Methods

To investigate the correlation between brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), an indicator of arterial stiffness, and the occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) in patients with PA under a primary prevention design.

Results

Among the 830 patients included in the final analysis, 113 (13.6%) developed incident MACEs over a median follow-up period of 5.8 years, with a crude rate of 23.2 per 1000 person-years. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards analyses revealed that baPWV was an independent risk factor for incident MACEs, with an adjusted hazard ratio (HR) of 1.01 (P = .028). The generalized additive model identified a cut-off value of 2000 cm/s for baPWV, which was independently associated with incident MACEs, with a HR of 1.81 (P = .024), while accounting for mortality as a competing risk. Subgroup analyses revealed that PA patients who were mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist users and had high baPWV had a significantly higher risk of incident MACEs (HR = 3.34; P < .001), whereas the risk was not significant in patients who underwent adrenalectomy (P = .062). Furthermore, the addition of baPWV to the cardiovascular Framingham risk score significantly improved the category-free net reclassification index (0.308, P < .001).

Conclusions

Our study found that 13.6% of patients with PA developed MACEs after a median follow-up of 5.8 years. Our findings highlight the potential utility of baPWV as a tool for risk stratification in patients with PA in primary prevention, whereas adrenalectomy appears to mitigate this risk regardless of baPWV. The measurement of baPWV could be a valuable addition to hypertension screening programs for primary prevention, providing additional predictive information for the potential occurrence of MACEs.
Predicting Futile Recanalization After Endovascular Thrombectomy for Patients With Stroke With Large Cores: The SNAP Score
Authors: Matsukawa Hidetoshi , Chen Huanwen , Elawady Sameh Samir , Cunningham Conor , Uchida Kazutaka , Sowlat Mohammad-Mahdi , Maier Ilko , Jabbour Pascal , Kim Joon-Tae , Wolfe Stacey Quintero , Rai Ansaar , Starke Robert M. , Psychogios Marios-Nikos , Samaniego Edgar A. , Arthur Adam , Yoshimura Shinichi , Cuellar Hugo , Grossberg Jonathan A. , Alawieh Ali , Romano Daniele G. , Tanweer Omar , Mascitelli Justin , Fragata Isabel , Polifka Adam , Osbun Joshua , Crosa Roberto , Matouk Charles , Park Min S. , Levitt Michael R. , Brinjikji Waleed , Moss Mark , Williamson Richard , Navia Pedro , Kan Peter , De Leacy Reade , Chowdhry Shakeel , Ezzeldin Mohamad , Spiotta Alejandro M. ,   for the Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry (STAR) Collaborators
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

We aimed to develop and validate a prediction score for futile recanalization (FR) for large vessel occlusion (LVO) presenting low Alberta Stroke Program Early Computed Tomography Score (ASPECTS) for patients who underwent endovascular thrombectomy (EVT).

METHODS:

Patients with anterior circulation LVO with low ASPECTS (<6) who underwent successful EVT (modified treatment in cerebral ischemia score ≥2b) from Stroke Thrombectomy and Aneurysm Registry were retrospectively analyzed. FR was defined as 90-day modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores ≥4 despite successful EVT. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of FR, and they were used to create a clinical score. The performance of the score was assessed by receiver operating characteristic curve analyses.

RESULTS:

Of 219 patients, 170 and 49 patients were randomly assigned to the training and validation cohort, respectively. Independent predictors of FR identified in the training cohort were used to construct the SNAP score: site of occlusion (middle cerebral artery = 0, internal carotid artery = 1), National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission (≤10 = 0, 10 to 19 = 1, ≥20 = 2), age (<75 = 0, ≥75 = 2), and prestroke mRS score (0-3). Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses of the SNAP score in the training and validation cohorts showed areas under the curve of 0.79 (95% CI 0.72-0.86) and 0.79 (95% CI 0.65-0.92) for predicting FR, respectively. A SNAP score ≥5 had a positive predictive value of 92.1% [95% CI 78.8%-97.3%] for FR.

CONCLUSION:

The SNAP score may be useful in predicting FR after EVT in low-ASPECTS patients with LVO. It can provide patients, family members, and physicians with reliable outcome expectations among patients with acute ischemic stroke with large infarcts.
New forms of employment: development trends and prospects for reducing the deficit of social guarantees for employees
Authors: Zabyelina Olga , Mirzabalaeva Farida Islamudinovna , Sergeeva Mariya , Pashkova Svetlana
Published: October 2024

The monograph examines the current trends in the development of new forms of employment in Russia and in the world. The focus of the study is aimed at identifying the nature and scale of the social protection deficit of Russian workers involved in new forms of employment. The authors propose conceptual approaches, directions and ways to extend social protection to Russian self-employed and platform workers in order to provide them with a basic level of social guarantees.
It is addressed to researchers, specialists of public authorities and social insurance, teachers of higher educational institutions, graduate students and students interested in the problems of transformation of the sphere of employment in the modern economy.
History at the Crown’s service. The politics of memory in Denmark in the period of nobility’s reign (16-17 c.)
Authors: Szelągowska Krystyna
Published: October 2024

Artykuł omawia politykę historyczną państwa duńskiego – monarchów i ich otoczenia w okresie 1536-1648, czasach rządów szlachty. Skupia się na działaniach mających bezpośredni związek z twórczością dziejopisarską, konkretnie staraniach o stworzenie nowej syntezy dziejów Danii, odpowiadającej potrzebom politycznym monarchii oraz spełniającej wymogi nowoczesnej, renesansowej historii po łacinie, skierowanej do zagranicznego odbiorcy. Drugim wątkiem są podejmowane w epoce polemiki z odmiennymi stanowiskami, przede wszystkim ówczesną historiografią szwedzką.
(Not) the Smallest of Enemies.Tuberculosisin the German army 1914-1935.
Authors: Błachnio Jan
Published: October 2024

Niniejszy tekst został poświęcony kwestiom związanym z występowaniem gruźlicy w armii niemieckiej między rokiem 1914 a 1935. Tekst otwierają rozważania na temat występowania chorób w wojsku w czasie trwania działań wojennych zawierające m.in. porównanie liczby rannych i chorych żołnierzy w armiach niemieckiej i austro-węgierskiej. Dalsza część pracy przedstawia skalę zachorowalności na gruźlicę w wojsku niemieckim w latach 1914-1935 oraz zmiany stosunku władz wojskowych do wystąpienia zachorowań. Dalsza część artykułu stanowi ilustracje metod służących przeciwdziałaniu obecności chorób społecznych w armii, zarówno w czasie pokoju, jak i trwania wojny. Uzupełnienie tekstu stanowią dwa wykresy i jedna tabela.
„Niemcy bronili się uporczywie i trzeba przyznać – dzielnie”. Obraz przeciwnika spod Monte Cassino w pobitewnych sprawozdaniach 5. Kresowej Dywizji Piechoty
Authors: Benken Przemysław
Published: October 2024

Tematem artykułu jest przedstawienie obrazu przeciwnika żołnierzy 5. Kresowej Dywizji Piechoty 2. Korpusu gen. Władysława Andersa w toku majowej bitwy o Monte Cassino z 1944 r., jaki wyłaniał się z pobitewnych sprawozdań, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dokumentów wytworzonych na szczeblu batalionu. Sięgnięto też do wybranych dokumentów dowództwa 2. Korpusu oraz przetłumaczonych na język polski zdobyczny dokumentów niemieckich. Pisząc tekst, autor korzystał z cyfrowych kopii materiałów źródłowych 5. KDP przechowywanych w Archiwum Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej w Warszawie, które trafiły tam na mocy umowy o współpracy, jaką IPN podpisał z Papieskim Instytutem Studiów Kościelnych w Rzymie w 2016 r. Analizie poddane zostały następujące kwestie: przygotowanie przez Niemców pozycji obronnych w rejonie Monte Cassino, taktyka piechoty stosowana w trakcie odpierania natarć Polaków, użyte wobec niedoświadczonych żołnierzy 2. Korpusu podstępy wojenne, morale przeciwnika i przykłady indywidualnych interakcji między żołnierzami obu stron. Dzięki temu możliwe stało się pełniejsze nakreślenie warunków, w jakich toczyły się z walki, co kolei pozwoliło na optymalną ocenę skali polskiego wysiłku, poprzez wykazanie z jak dobrze przygotowanym i jak bardzo zdeterminowanym wrogiem trzeba było się bić. W artykule zrezygnowano z choćby syntetycznego opisu kolejnych stadiów bitwy, gdyż istnieje na ten temat bogata literatura przedmiotu. Skupiono się na wybranych problemach, aczkolwiek posiłkując się przy tym odwołaniem do szczegółowych opisów wydarzeń.
Return of the Movie Night? Analyzing the Impact of Netflix Subscriptions on Offline Movie Spending
Authors: Fang Sihan , Kwon Hyeokkoo Eric , Gopal Anandasivam , Park Yongjin
Published: October 2024

The advent of streaming services, like Netflix and Prime Video by Amazon, has led to the expectation that demand for offline movie consumption is likely to die (i.e., consumers will simply stop going to the movies). We study this question in our work, and instead, we find that although streaming services provide value to customers in terms of comfort, convenience, and price, they do not lead to a reduction in offline movie consumption. Instead, we show that the offline movie consumption actually increases because streaming services do not fully substitute for the social aspects of going to the movies or the pleasure that is received from watching movies on the “big screen.” Our work thus speaks to the policies implemented in some countries where streaming platforms have been restricted given the concerns about disruption of the offline movie industry. We believe that these policies are potentially misguided because they assume perfect substitution between the two services. Our work also helps inform managers of movie theaters and streaming platforms by providing arguments for the specific types of service offerings that are more likely to be enjoyed at home versus at the movie theater. As we show in the paper, social and hedonic needs are more likely to be met at the movie theater rather than through streaming services. We reiterate the sentiments expressed by Steven Spielberg from 2019: “I hope all of us really continue to believe that the greatest contributions we can make as filmmakers are to give audiences the motion picture theatrical experience. I am a firm believer that movie theaters need to be around forever.”
Principles of medicine management: safe practice
Authors: Peate Ian
Published: October 2024

The safe administration of medicine entails a comprehensive set of procedures and protocols aimed at ensuring patients receive the correct medications, in the right doses, via the appropriate route and at the scheduled times. This article, fourth in the series, will outline the safe administration of medicines, including the skills and knowledge required by the healthcare assistant and assistant practitioner to safeguard patients using strategies such as the 9Rs to ensure medication safety. Adverse drug reactions and the importance of managing these effectively are discussed. The final aspect of the article considers the storage of medicines.
RePAIRing the student nurse journey: empowering interrupted students through innovative support strategies
Authors: Hill Barry , Bruce Tor Alexander , Simpson Dominic , Flynn Deborah , Ban Sasha , Porteous Debra
Published: October 2024

This article reports on a study that evaluated an innovative 6-week summer returners' programme, part of the Health Education England RePAIR project, designed to support nursing students who have interrupted their studies. Held from May to July 2022, the programme addressed diverse needs through academic guidance, mental health and resilience workshops, creative arts, professional identity development, and practical nursing skills training. The programme ran alongside support from the programme team, student engagement services, and ongoing communication via phone and email. Despite non-mandatory sessions leading to varying attendance, the combined efforts facilitated the return of 67 out of 135 interrupted students. Thematic analysis identified four key themes: anticipation and fear, making contact and reaching out, preparing for return, and psychological wellbeing. The programme's effectiveness underscores the necessity of tailored support strategies to enhance retention and wellbeing. This innovative approach highlights the importance of personalised support in aiding nursing students' return to education and addressing nursing workforce shortages.
Delivering inclusive hypertensive care in the prison service
Authors: Ladele Morisenuola
Published: October 2024

Morisenuola Ladele, Chief Nurse Fellow, Birmingham Community Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust (Morisenuola.ladele1@nhs.net), was the Gold Award winner in the Nurse of the Year category in the BJN Awards 2024
A Step Towards Combating Antimicrobial Resistance: Global Prescriptive and Programmes – A Review
Authors: Kapadia Vatsa , Wadhwani Ashish , Begum Rihana , Ponnusankar Sivasankaran , Mohadeb Praveen , Gujadhur Medha , Kumar Piyush
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is one of the pandemic concerns that lead to morbidity and mortality. The unregulated use of antibiotics results in strains and genes which are resistant to antibiotics. In general, mutations resulting in antimicrobial resistance alter the antibiotic action via one of the mechanisms: modifications of the antimicrobial target; a decrease in the drug uptake; activation of efflux mechanisms to extrude the harmful molecule, or; global changes in important metabolic pathways via modulation of regulatory networks. Furthermore, a shortage of financing, as well as tight rules governing the production and marketing of new pharmaceutical treatments, contribute to an increase in antimicrobial resistance. Specialized organizations concerned with worldwide public health, such as the United Nations (UN) and the World Health Organization (WHO), have identified antibiotic resistance as an issue that necessitates globally coordinated efforts and the utmost care. The WHO has founded many national and international surveillance programmes across various countries. Some of the Indian government's programs are the Red Line Initiative, Chennai Declaration, Antimicrobial Stewardship Program, National AMR Containment Program, National Health Policy, National Action Plan on NAP-AMR antimicrobial resistance, etc. These monitoring programmes' findings clearly indicate that sensible antibiotic usage, appropriate antibiotic knowledge, awareness and the development of novel medications will all aid us in combating the antimicrobial resistance issue. This review article discusses worldwide programmes and activities to combat developing and growing antimicrobial resistance that are being implemented by various Indian states and in Mauritius.
Analytical Method for the Development and Validation of Residual Solvents in Tigecycline by Gas Chromatography Using Headspace Sampling Technology
Authors: Pasha Syed Imam , Liyaqat Shaik , Ali Khan M. Mushraff , Farhan Mohammed Abdul , Koneru Anupama
Published: October 2024

Residual solvents such as Dichloromethane, Acetone, Methanol, and Isopropanol in pharmaceutical samples of Tigecycline were monitored using gas chromatography with headspace sampling technology. The column used for this elution is DB-624, 30m X 0.32mm X 1.8µm, Nitrogen is used as carrier gas with FID detector. Split ratio is 30:1 and the injector temperature is 210 °C. Estimation of the residual solvents is mandatory for the release testing of all active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). So, in this study, the authors estimated the four residual solvents of Tigecycline using the Headspace sampling technology, and the method is validated and meets all required standards per the ICH revised guidelines. So, this method can be used for routine analysis in Quality control laboratories for routine estimation.
Unravelling the Seasonal Dynamics of Limnological Parameters and Assessment of Ecological Health: A Case Study of Lingadheeranahalli Lake in Bangalore North, Karnataka, India
Authors: P. Raj Mathews , Philip Reena Susan
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: The present study investigates the seasonal dynamics of limnological variables and the developmental response of D. rerio in the wetland ecosystem of Lingadheeranahalli in the northern clutches of Bangalore in Karnataka. Once a vital water source for agriculture and replenishing groundwater, the lake faces degradation due to anthropogenic activities and the need for more awareness. A yearlong analysis was conducted with five sampling seasons and three sampling stations identified within the wetland. Parameters viz. physical, chemical, and biological were analyzed following American Public Health Association (APHA) guidelines. Somite development was studied using embryos while the heart rate was counted during the torpedo stage of D. rerio. The results of this comprehensive study revealed unique and significant seasonal variations over limnological parameters, providing novel insights into the dynamics of the wetland ecosystem. pH values are slightly acidic and influenced by precipitation and terrestrial vegetation. Turbidity spiked during winter due to colloidal dispersions, while conductivity peaked in spring due to sewage disposal. Reduced dissolved oxygen, high biochemical and chemical oxygen demand indicated organic pollution and microbial activity, particularly affecting the inlet station. Elevated phosphate and nitrate levels in spring indicated eutrophication potential. The influence of rains and mineral leaching during monsoons affected parameters such as alkalinity, total dissolved solids, total hardness, and Magnesium. Analysis of D. rerio demonstrated delayed development and decreased heart rates in the inlet and deposit stations, indicative of potent stressors in the wetland ecosystem. All-inclusive Lingadheeranahalli Lake exhibited poor water quality, focusing on the need for adaptive management strategies to mitigate pollution and safeguard wetland ecosystems. Continued wetland research gives more insights into water quality and seasonal dynamics, paving the way for its conservation.