bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The EFFECT OF MUSIC THERAPY ON REDUCING THE INTENSITY OF LABOR PAIN DURING THE ACTIVE PHASE IN LABORING WOMEN IN THE INDEPENDENT PRACTICE OF MIDWIVES MUJIAH BANDAR JAYA
Authors: Amorra Dhinaliaamorraberlian
Published: August 2024

keluar. Sebanyak 80% - 93,5% dilaporkan mengalami nyeri yang hebat. Jika ibu tidak beradaptasi dapat menyebabkan tidak terkoordinasinya kontraksi uterus yang dapat mengakibatkan perpanjangan kala I persalinan dan kesejahteraan janin terganggu. Kondisi ini  memungkinkan para ibu cenderung memilih cara yang paling gampang dan cepat untuk menghilangkan rasa nyeri dengan persalinan SC. Penatalaksanaan nyeri secara non farmakologi dapat dilakukan dengan mendengarkan musik, sehingga dapat meningkatkan hormon endorfin yang mampu menimbulkan rasa senang dan tenang. Tujuan penelitian ini diketahui pengaruh terapi musik terhadap penurunan intensitas nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif. Jenis penelitian kuantitatif rancangan pre eksperimen one group pre test - post test design. Populasi seluruh ibu yang mengalami nyeri persalinan sebanyak 30 ibu dan sampel sebanyak 16 orang secara accidental sampling. Penelitian telah dilakukan Praktik Mandiri Bidan Mujiah Bandar Jaya pada bulan November - Desember 2023. Menggunakan alat pemutar musik berupa handphone.menggunakan musik klasik selama 15 menit. Pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar observasi nyeri NRS (numerik rating scale). Analisa data dilakukan uji univariat dan bivariat (uji t-test). Hasil penelitian diketahui rata-rata nyeri persalinan sebelum diberikan terapi musi adalah 6.0 dan sesudah diberikan terapi musik adalah 5.0. Ada pengaruh terapi musik pada nyeri persalinan kala I fase aktif pada ibu bersalin di Praktik Mandiri Bidan Mujiah Bandar Jaya dengan nilai p-value = 0,0001 (p-value < α = 0,05). Saran bagi tenaga kesehatan dapat merekomendasikan terapi musik dapat digunakan sebagai terapi komplementer kepada ibu bersalin kala I
Peningkatan Literasi Sains Melalui Pengabdian Masyarakat Berbasis Eksperimen Kimia Sederana di SMAN 30 Garut
Authors: Thoriq Thoriq  , Rizky Sri Rahayu  , Zidhan Firdaus Ramdhani  , Ayudya Restu Yudha Pramesthi  , Muhammad Yudhistira Azis
Published: August 2024

Scientific literacy is one of the most important aspects in improving the quality of education and human resource development. The level of scientific literacy understanding among students in Indonesia remains comparatively inadequate. Therefore, a chemistry-based community service was conducted at SMAN 30 Garut which aims to improve students' scientific literacy and learning enthusiasm through demonstrations of simple chemical experiments and fun education. This Community Service at SMAN 30 Garut involved members of the HMK “AMISCA” ITB Chemistry Student Association as facilitators in carrying out simple chemical experiments. Several chemical experiments were presented, including the decomposition reaction of hydrogen peroxide, hydrogen balloons, vitamin C testing, secret messages using the Phenolphthalein indicator, and acid-base indicators from colored flower extracts. This activity can improve students' knowledge and interest in science. This is evidenced by the students' enthusiasm in participating in the activities, as well as the results of the feedback distributed after the activities. With the implementation of this chemistry-based community service, it is expected to be a solution in improving scientific literacy and motivating students to further explore the field of science
Kegiatan Pemeriksaan Fisik Kesehatan Telinga dalam Rangka Deteksi Dini Otitis Media Supuratif Kronik pada Populasi Lanjut Usia
Authors: Mano S Donatila , Kurniawan Junius , Alifia Tosya Putri , Kusuma Kanaya Fide
Published: August 2024

Maintaining overall body health, including ear hygiene, is very important. The ear is an important organ in the human balance and hearing system. The human ear has self-cleaning capabilities, facilitated by cerumen, which occurs naturally to protect and keep the ear canal moist. However, too much or too little cerumen production can cause complaints such as decreased hearing, itching, and dry ear canals. Cleaning your ears yourself, which often involves inserting objects into the ear canal, can be dangerous. Improper use of cotton buds can push the cerumen deeper, causing blockages and increasing the risk of injury. This activity employs the PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Act) method to conduct ear health screening for cerumen and tympanic membranes on 61 participants at the Hana Nursing Home. The physical examination results revealed that we could not assess 6 (9.8%) right tympanic membranes, 8 (13.1%) left tympanic membranes, 19 (31.1%) right ear canals, and 21 (34.4%) right ear canals. The participant's left has prop cerumen. Increased awareness and physical examination of the ear, as early detection can improve ear health and prevent ear injury.
Diversifikasi Produk Pengolahan Pisang dalam Upaya Menambah Ketrampilan Berwirausaha Bagi Kaum Perempuan GMIT Imanuel Oepunu
Authors: Yudith Febrianty Lerrick  , Melvin Krisdiana Djami Rane
Published: August 2024

Bananas are a horticultural commodity (fruit) that is easily damaged, so efforts must be made to make them last longer, such as processing them into banana chips. Banana plants in the congregation in the GMIT Imanuel Oepunu service area and the fruit are only used for household consumption. Many bananas are also wasted, only becoming animal feed. Therefore, it would be better if the women's congregation of GMIT Imanuel Oepunu could diversify banana products into food products with higher sales value to increase the congregation’s household income. In addition to processing banana products, the team also makes product packaging that is given a label to provide information about the banana chips product in the form of pictures and the writing of the GMIT Imanuel Oepunu banana chips product brand.
Pemberdayaan Ibu-Ibu Rumah Tangga Dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Ekonomi Keluarga Melalui Pengolahan Keripik Gedebog Pisang
Authors: Margarethy Rohanie Mbado  , Norci Beeh  , Alya Elita Sjioen  , Roby Yusuf Bekuliu
Published: August 2024

Poverty is one of the major problems faced by Indonesia because human needs and desires are increasing and becoming more diverse from day to day, as are household needs. One indicator for increasing welfare is by increasing empowerment of women, especially housewives. Through productive household business activities such as producing chips from banana stems, Business opportunities selling home-cooked food or chips from banana stems are still very much in demand among the community, besides this business is also not difficult to do because housewives can do this activity in the gaps of being busy as housewives, and the raw materials do not have to be bought again at the traditional market because they are already available in the garden or in the yard. Banana plants only bear fruit once and then die so the banana plants that have been harvested will be cut down and replaced with new banana shoots. Banana stems that come from the remaining harvest are usually not used or processed so that they pile up and cause an unpleasant odor for the community. In fact, banana stems have good content for the human body such as being able to prevent an increase in blood sugar levels and improve the digestive system by having daily fiber intake, banana stems can also support diet programs because they can make you full, banana hearts can also reduce postpartum fever, treat intestinal ulcers, treat chicken pox, can prevent kidney stones, reduce stomach acidity levels, and cure infections, and there are many more benefits of banana stems that are not yet known by the community
Pengaruh Promosi dan Harga terhadap Keputusan Konsumen Jasa Sewa Forklift pada PT Mahira Multi Sarana di Kabupaten Sidoarjo
Authors: Muhammad Muflih Sulaiman  , Bambang Karnain  , Rina Dewi  , Sugiharto Sugiharto  , Harsono Teguh Santoso
Published: August 2024

His research aims to investigate the influence of promotions and prices on consumer decisions in choosing forklift rental services at PT. Mahira Multi Sarana, Sidoarjo Regency. The research method used is a survey using a questionnaire as a data collection tool. The sample for this study consisted of consumers who had used the company's forklift rental services. The data analysis technique used is multiple linear regression to test the relationship between promotion and price variables on consumer decisions. The research results show that promotions and prices have a significant effect on consumers' decisions to use forklift rental services. The implication of this research is the importance of companies in designing effective promotional strategies and setting competitive prices to influence consumer decisions in choosing forklift rental services.
THE EFFECT OF BODY MASS INDEX ON SCOLIOSIS IN CHILDREN AGE 4-6 YEARS IN THE KARTASURA REGION
Authors: Naufal Adnan Faris , Azizi Laili Rahmawati
Published: August 2024

Background: Scoliosis is an S or C-shaped spinal deformity that can occur in early childhood. The prevalence of scoliosis in the world reaches 4.5%. The occurrence of scoliosis can be caused by various risk factors, one of which is body mass index. Body mass index is a measurement to identify nutritional status by measuring body weight and height. Objective: To obtain sources of information regarding the influence of body mass index on scoliosis in children aged 4-6 years. Method: This research uses a quantitative observational analytical research design with a causal relationship research approach. The sample population was 583 children. The sampling technique used probability sampling, namely proportional random sampling and a research sample of 86 children was obtained based on inclusion, exclusion and dropout criteria. Body mass index measurement identifies criteria based on age and gender with a Z-score. Scoliosis measurement using a scoliometer. Results: The binary logistic regression test stated that there was a significant influence between body mass index on scoliosis with a p-value of 0.047 (p<0.05). Conclusion: It can be concluded that there is a significant influence of body mass index on scoliosis in children aged 4-6 years with a role of 8.3% in increasing the scoliosis curve.
Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi Pada Post ORIF Fraktur Femur 1/3 Distal Dextra Dengan Cryotherapy dan Terapi Latihan
Authors: Putri Bona Medisa Caesarea
Published: August 2024

Latar Belakang : Kecelakaan lalu lintas merupakan penyebab kematian nomordelapan. Kecelakaan juga dapat menimbulkan cedera, cedera yang sering terjadiyaitu fraktur. Fraktur ialah keadaan yang terjadi ketika rusaknya keutuhan dankekuatan tulang dikarenakan oleh trauma. Fraktur bisa terjadi pada bagian tulangmanapun, salah satunya tulang femur. Problematika yang dialami pasien yaituadanya edema, spasme otot, penurunan lingkup gerak sendi, penurunan kekuatanotot dan penurunan kemampuan fungsional seperti berjalan. Tujuan penulisan KTIini adalah untuk mengetahui Penatalaksanaan Fisioterapi pada Post ORIF FrakturFemur 1/3 Distal Dextra dengan Cryotherapy dan Terapi Latihan.Metode : Karya Tulis Ilmiah ini bersifat studi kasus, mengangkat kasus pasien danmengumpulkan data melalui proses Fisioterapi. Intervensi yang diberikan yaituCryotherapy dan Terapi Latihan.Hasil Penelitian : Setelah dilakukan Fisioterapi sebanyak 4 kali didapatkan hasiladanya penurunan edema dan spasme, peningkatan lingkup gerak sendi sertakekuatan otot dan aktivitas fungsional, seperti contoh pasien mampu berdiri statistanpa alat bantu jalan.Kesimpulan : Intervensi cryotherapy dan terapi latihan yang diberikan pada pasiendapat membantu menurunkan edema dan spasme otot serta meningkatkan lingkupgerak sendi, kekuatan otot dan aktivitas fungsional pasien.
PENATALAKSANAAN FISIOTERAPI PADA TENDINITIS SUPRASPINATUS SINISTRA DENGAN ULTRASOUND, TRANCUTANEOUS ELECTRICAL NERVE STIMULATION DAN ECCENTRIC STRETCHING
Authors: Fahmayanti Novita Dina
Published: August 2024

Latar belakang: Tendinitis supraspinatus adalah peradangan yang terjadi diarea tendon supraspinatus yang disebabkan oleh trauma yang terus menerus pada tendon dalam jangka waktu yang cukup lama. Problematika yang sering muncul adalah rasa nyeri, keterbatasan lingkup gerak sendi, menurunnya kekuatan otot dan gangguan fungsional aktivitas. Modalitas yang digunakan adalah ultrasound, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation dan eccentric stretching. Tujuan: Tujuan penulisan ini adalah untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri, menambah lingkup gerak sendi dan menambah kekuatan otot.Metode: Ultrasound, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation dan eccentric stretching.Hasil: setelah dilakukan fisioterapi dengan intervensi ultrasound, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation dan eccentric stretching sebanyak empat kalididapatkan hasil adanya pengurangan rasa nyeri diam, nyeri tekan dan nyeri gerak, penurunan spasme otot supraspinatus, peningkatan lingkup gerak sendi dan peningkatan kemampuan aktivitas fungsional. Kesimpulan: Penatalaksanaan ultrasound, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation dan eccentric stretching terbukti dapat mengurangi rasa nyeri, penurunan spasme otot supraspinatus, peningkatan lingkup gerak sendi dan peningkatan kemampuan aktivitas fungsional.
Introduzione
Authors: Fonderico Giuliano
Published: August 2024

Gli studi contenuti in questo volume sviluppano relazioni che gli Autori hanno tenuto nel corso della settima Giornata della Trasparenza, svoltasi presso Ca’ Foscari il 23 novembre 2023. L’evento è organizzato annualmente dalle Università del Veneto: Università Ca’ Foscari Venezia, IUAV, Università degli Studi di Padova e Università degli Studi di Verona. È una forma di cooperazione tra gli Atenei veneti che si è ormai consolidata e che ha dimostrato negli anni una particolare vitalità. Basti scorrere i temi via via affrontati e la loro capacità di seguire da vicino le vicende delle discipline anticorruzione e sulla trasparenza.
Dynamics of Social Work Approach in Childcare; An Analysis of Integration of Islamic Kafala Theory and Bowlby’s Attachment Theory and Application Thereof in Childcare in Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Ummul Qura university, Mecca, SAUDI ARABIA, Hani AlSharif
Published: August 2024

This paper explores the dynamic integration of Islamic Kafala theory and attachment theory within the context of childcare and welfare in Saudi Arabia. Despite the growing recognition of diverse cultural and theoretical frameworks in social work practice, there is very limited research on how specific theories are integrated and applied in childcare, particularly within Islamic contexts. This study aims to fill this gap by analyzing the application of these theories in enhancing child welfare and social work practices in Saudi Arabia. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research draws on qualitative data from surveys of child welfare professionals and families engaged in the Kafala system, supplemented by case study analyses in various Muslim countries. The findings reveal that the integration of Islamic Kafala theory and attachment theory offers a culturally sensitive and effective framework for improving childcare practices, promoting the emotional and psychological well-being of children in care. The study highlights practical implications for social workers, suggesting strategies for the successful incorporation of these integrated theories into child welfare practices in Saudi Arabia. It also identifies challenges and limitations within the current system, offering recommendations for policymakers to enhance child welfare services. This research contributes to the theoretical and practical knowledge of childcare and welfare, advocating for a more nuanced and culturally informed approach to social work in Saudi Arabia.
Tahap Kesedaran Pelajar Terhadap Salah Laku Gangguan Seksual di Tempat Belajar
Authors:   University College Bestari, Muzana Zaitun , Ismail Faisal Husen ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Ahmad Shakila ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Borham Abd Shakor ,   Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, M. Suud Fitriah ,   Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta
Published: August 2024

Kes gangguan seksual di universiti adalah isu yang semakin membimbangkan. Hal ini kerana akan memberikan kesan yang negatif kepada para pelajar. Kelakuan ini juga boleh berlaku dalam pelbagai bentuk sama ada dalam bentuk fizikal, lisan, bukan lisan dan juga visual. Gangguan seperti ini boleh memberikan kesan yang serius kepada pemangsa misalnya seperti menghadapi tekanan, hilang keyakinan diri dan masalah kesihatan mental. Oleh hal yang demikian pihak universiti boleh mengambil mana-mana langkah proaktif untuk mencegah dan menangani gangguan seksual. Ini bukan sahaja untuk kesejahteraan para pelajar tetapi untuk mewujudkan persekitaran pembelajaran yang selamat dan kondusif. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap kesedaran pelajar terhadap salah laku gangguan seksual di tempat belajar di kalangan mahasiswa Universiti Tun Hussein Onn, Pagoh. Populasi kajian ini terdiri daripada 120 individu. Penyelidikan ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan reka bentuk kajian tinjauan. Google Form telah digunakan sebagai kaedah pengumpulan data bagi kajian ini. Hasil kajian menunjukan bahwa 93.3% responden sedar bahawa kata-kata dan gurauan merupakan gangguan seksual di tempat belajar, 86.7% responden memberi pandangan keinginan seksual merupakan salah satu bentuk gangguan seksual dan 93.3% bersetuju bahawa semtuhan fizikal yang tidak diingin merupakan satu bentuk gangguan seksual. Kesimpulannya, kesedaran pelajar terhadap salah laku gangguan seksual di tempat belajar adalah sangat penting bagi mengawal dan mengurangkan kes gangguan seksual yang berlaku di tempat belajar yang semakin berleluasa untuk mencipta persekitaran pendidikan yang lebih selamat dan berkualiti.
Революционные события XXI века: предварительный количественный анализ
Authors: Голдстоун Джек , Гринин Леонид , Устюжанин Вадим , Коротаев Андрей
Published: August 2024

In this article, the authors examine important aspects of the revolutionary process of the 21st century: the link between revolutions and the process of democratization; reasons why the revolutionary process of the early 21st century has been going on quite rapidly, as well as some predictions that it will continue to be very active in the future; an alarming trend is analyzed – the increasing number of radical Islamist revolutionary uprisings. All this is illustrated by a quantitative analysis of different types of revolutions. As far as the authors are aware, there are virtually no quantitative analyzes of the revolutions of recent decades. Meanwhile, this analysis convincingly shows the growing importance of African countries in the world-system revolutionary process, whose role will increase in the future due to rapid population growth and the “maturing” of statehood in the region.
«Слепые пятна» норманнистских гипотез в проблеме возникновения Древ-нерусского государства
Authors: Романчук Алексей
Published: August 2024

The author considers some of the “blind spots” of the “Scandinavian-centric” hypotheses in the issue of the emergence of the Old Russian state. He demonstrates that the adherents of the “Scandinavian-centric paradigm” very often resort to ad hoc explanations without noticing the critical contradictions that arise in their constructions. If one collects partial statements of the Scandinavian-centric hypotheses, we see how they begin to contradict each other. For example, according to Elena A. Melnikova, the Old Russian “варѧгъ” comes from the Scandinavian “væringi”, which in turn comes from Greek “βάρaγγοι”, and Greek “βάρaγγοι”, comes from the Old Russian “варѧгъ”. In the context of the processes leading to the formation of the Old Russian state, the author critically evaluates the ideas of the “Scandinavian control on the Baltic-Volga trade route” and “Scandinavian colonies” in Eastern Europe. The local polities of Eastern Europe in the early Middle Ages, whether Slavic, Baltic or Finnish, obviously possessed sufficient power and military potential to close off uncontrolled movement along the river routes to the Scandinavians, if they so wished. The author also raises the question of the initial political status and the actual role of the emerging trade settlements in Ladoga and Gnezdovo in the formation of the Old Russian state.
Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Ganoderma lingzhi and Ganoderma lucidum Fruiting Body Extracts
Authors: Harbatsevich H. I. , Zenevich L. S. , Batalova I. R. , Kovalenko S. A. , Bychkovsky P. M.
Published: August 2024

INTRODUCTION. Ganoderma spp. have been used as a traditional oriental medicine and a bioactive dietary supplement. These fungi are a promising source of effective antioxidants. Currently, there is no regulatory framework to control the quality of this herbal drug and its bioactive components in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. Therefore, it is essential to study the chemical composition and pharmacological activity spectrum of G. lingzhi and G. lucidum extracts.

AIM. The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and antioxi­dant activity of G. lingzhi and G. lucidum fruiting body extracts.

MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study focused on pure cultures of G. lingzhi and G. lucidum obtained from the fungal species collection of the Forest Institute of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus. Fungal biomass was grown using two substrates, including alder sawdust (1–3 mm fraction) and oak shavings (5–10 mm fraction). The fungal biomass was extracted using repeated maceration with 70% ethanol. The study tested the free radical-scavenging activity of the extracts in reactions with the stable free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the radical cation derived from 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS). The chemical composition was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC–MS). The assays for phenols, steroids, and triterpenes used spectrophotometry.

RESULTS. The extract of G. lucidum strain 334 cultivated on the alder substrate demonstrated the highest free radical-scavenging activity (IC50=3.1±0.2 μg/mL (DPPH), IC50=3.7±0.2 μg/mL (ABTS)), the highest phenolic content (326.2±16.5 µmol/g), and the highest triterpene content (2.00±0.11 mmol/g) of all the studied extracts. The antioxidant activity of the extracts of G. lingzhi and G. lucidum may be attributed to the content of ganoderic acid D, lucidenic acid D, naringenin, and other phenolic compounds.

CONCLUSION. The high yield of extracts with a significant radical-scavenging activity makes artificially cultivated G. lingzhi and G. lucidum mushrooms a promising source of natural antioxidants.
Euthanasia dalam Pandangan Hukum Islam dan Bioetika
Authors: Mahfudz Shaifurrahman , Cahaya Unggul
Published: August 2024

The term euthanasia originally came from the Greek, eu (kindness) and thanatos (death).In the Dorlands Medical Dictionary, euthanasia has two meanings: First, an easy or painlessdeath. Second, killing with generosity; the careful and deliberate termination of the life ofa person suffering from an incurable and very painful disease. According to the samedictionary, death itself is a permanent cessation of life from all vital functions of the body.For legal and medical purposes, the definition of death6 and its limitations have been made.This presentation will emphasize more critical aspects of the study of Islamic law inresponding to contemporary fiqh questions when faced with the development of scienceand medical ethics (bioethics).
Decomposing Impact on Longitudinal Outcome of Time-Varying Covariate into Baseline Effect and Temporal Effect
Authors: Liu Jin
Published: August 2024

Longitudinal processes are often associated with each other over time; therefore, it is important to investigate the associations among developmental processes and understand their joint development. The traditional latent growth curve model (LGCM) with a time-varying covariate (TVC) provides a method to estimate the TVC effect on a longitudinal outcome while modeling the outcome’s change. However, it does not allow the TVC to predict variations in the random growth coefficients. We propose decomposing the TVC into initial trait and temporal states using three methods to address this limitation. In each method, the baseline of the TVC is viewed as an initial trait, and the corresponding effects are obtained by regressing random intercepts and slopes on the baseline value. Temporal states are characterized as (a) interval-specific slopes, (b) interval-specific changes, or (c) changes from the baseline at each measurement occasion, depending on the method. We demonstrate our methods through simulations and real-world data analyses, assuming a linear–linear functional form for the longitudinal outcome. The results demonstrate that LGCMs with a decomposed TVC can provide unbiased and precise estimates with target confidence intervals. We also provide OpenMx and Mplus 8 code for these methods with commonly used linear and nonlinear functions.
Innovación proactiva vs. reactiva ¿Cuál es el mejor enfoque para las micro y pequeñas empresas?
Authors: Carvalho Proenca Joaquim Jose
Published: August 2024

Esta investigación tiene como objetivo determinar qué enfoque de innovación, proactivo o reactivo, tiene mejores resultados en la competitividad de las micro y pequeñas empresas. Como metodología se analizaron dos programas de innovación en Perú (Tacna Innova) y Colombia (Macondo Lab) cada uno con un enfoque diferente: reactivo, enfocado en la resolución de problemas y proactivo, basado en ventajas oportunistas. Ambos planteamientos de innovación tienen ventajas y desventajas. Mientras el enfoque proactivo puede generar anticipación competitiva y abrir nuevos mercados, demanda una inversión más significativa en investigación y desarrollo. Por otro lado, el enfoque reactivo puede ser rentable a corto plazo, pero limitar la capacidad de innovación a largo plazo. Como conclusión la elección de la orientación adecuada depende de la estrategia, objetivos y recursos de cada empresa. Aquellas que buscan un crecimiento sostenible deben considerar la posibilidad de integrar ambos enfoques.
The Benefits and Challenges of Augmented Reality in the Science Classroom: A Narrative Review
Authors: Khawaji Taha Mansor
Published: August 2024

The use of augmented reality (AR) to facilitate learning in the science classroom is an understudied topic that has only recently begun to be explored. A number of studies performed by academic researchers in science classrooms have indicated that these technologies have much to offer toward improving learning outcomes although challenges still present, but it is teachers’ experts in the field who will be called upon to deliver this instruction, making an understanding of their perspectives regarding these technologies critical. In this narrative review, recent literature is synthesized to understand what teachers and other education experts note as the benefits and challenges of using AR in the science classroom, as well as the most effective ways to address those challenges. The review concludes that both the benefits and challenges identified in such studies appear commonly across countries, grade levels, and natural science subjects, indicating that the identified approaches to addressing these challenges might have wide-ranging appeal and positive outcomes for the future.
AcademAI: Investigating AI Usage, Attitudes, and Literacy in Higher Education and Research
Authors: Brown Richard Douglas , Sillence Elizabeth , Branley-Bell Dawn
Published: August 2024

Background: The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education and research is expanding rapidly, driven by tools like ChatGPT. Research suggests that while AI will likely transform education and research activities, its fair implementation hinges on understanding barriers and facilitators to adoption. This study investigates perceptions of AI among students and staff at a UK university, focusing on the impact of sociodemographic factors on AI use, attitudes and AI literacy. Method: We adopted an explanatory mixed-methods approach, beginning with an online survey of 269 students and staff across each of the host institution’s academic departments. This survey captured self-reported use of AI, attitudes, and a measure of self-perceived AI literacy. From this sample, 24 semi-structured online interviews (58.3% students, 41.7% staff) were conducted to further explore barriers and facilitators to AI acceptance and adoption in higher education and research. Results: Quantitative data revealed significant differences in perceptions of AI usage between students and staff, with both groups overestimating the use of AI by others. Males reported higher AI use, more positive attitudes towards it, and greater self-perceived AI literacy than females. Higher socioeconomic status also predicted more frequent use of AI and older age predicted lower AI literacy. Despite varied AI use reported in academic contexts, 27% of students and 31% of staff reported they had never used AI. Qualitative findings highlighted concerns about academic repercussions of AI use (e.g., punishment for misconduct and potentially diminished performance if AI is prohibited) and AI’s threat to job security. Participants highlighted a lack of clear guidance from universities on AI and there were strong calls for enhanced training and support from universities to promote responsible and ethical use of AI. Conclusions: To promote effective and responsible use of AI, universities should respond to calls for training from students and staff to allow individuals to make the most of the opportunities offered by AI. Universities should also look to engage in greater dialogue, and provide unambiguous guidance, to address misperceptions in how AI is used by others and to address staff and student fears that influence AI acceptance and adoption.
Taming “hanger” and falling prey to boredom- emotional and stress-eating in 801 healthy individuals using ecological momentary assessment
Authors: Aulbach Matthias , Bamberg Christoph , Reichenberger Julia , Arend Ann-Kathrin , Blechert Jens
Published: August 2024

Emotional eating and Stress Eating concepts hold that affective experiences can instill the desire for palatable foods. The empirical evidence for such couplings between affective and appetitive systems, however, is mixed and it remains unclear which one precedes the other or whether interindividual differences in such relationships exist. To study the temporal relations between a range of negative and positive emotions and stress on the one hand and snacking behavior on the other, we analyzed over 40.000 questionnaire entries obtained through ecological momentary assessment from 801 participants across nine different studies. Several trait-level eating style questionnaire scores were modelled as moderators for the emotion/stress - snacking relationships. Results showed that stronger boredom was followed by more snacking. Only irritation showed the pattern of reduction following snacking that would be predicted by emotion regulation accounts of emotional eating. Restrained eaters showed larger increases in boredom after snacking (compared to not snacking) than unrestrained eaters. Eating style questionnaires did not significantly moderate any other emotion – snacking – emotion relationships. Together with other recent findings from this dataset (Aulbach et al., 2024) the present results suggest that eating style questionnaires capture tendencies to experience food cravings, but not snacking, as the latter might be ‘gated’ by several internal and external conditions that our EMA data and the trait questionnaire do not capture well. Accordingly, we suggest a novel terminology for affect-eating relationships that increases precision on the temporal (affects before or after eating/craving) and the phenomenological (snacking, craving) level.
Caregiver-infant interactions during functional play predict infant visual cognition
Authors: Wijeakumar Sobanawartiny , Davidson Christina
Published: August 2024

Caregivers play a significant role in shaping children’s early cognitive development. There is limited research on caregiver-infant behaviours during types of play interactions, and their links to infant visual cognition. To address this, we collected video-recordings from caregivers and their 6-to-10-month-old infants while they engaged in symbolic play and functional play. We coded caregiver intrusiveness and scaffolding, and infant object engagement and distractibility. We also measured visual cognition from infant looking behaviours while they engaged in a preferential looking task. Our findings revealed that there were interaction-type differences in caregiver scaffolding and infant object engagement with greater proportion of behaviours in functional play compared to symbolic play. Next, we observed robust caregiver-infant associations during symbolic play such that greater caregiver scaffolding was linked to reduced infant distractibility. Interestingly, however, only the interaction between caregiver scaffolding and infant distractibility during functional play predicted infant visual cognition. Concretely, in infants with better visual cognition, greater caregiver scaffolding was associated with reduced distractibility underscoring the importance of functional play for introducing concepts such as numerosity, and object permanence to young infants. Our findings contribute to existing work by teasing apart influences of different types of play interactions on caregiver and infant behaviours.
Nystagmus Patterns from Eye-Tracker Data
Authors: Müller Zarib
Published: August 2024

By analyzing eye fixations, we gauge the difficulty of interpreting fixated information and the percentage of fixation time per question, shedding light on cognitive processing. Shifting gears, the analysis of Nystagmus waveforms from eye-tracking records plays a pivotal role in clinically interpreting this pathological movement. However, automating this analysis faces challenges due to the presence of natural eye movements and eye blink artifacts, which intertwine with the signal of interest. To address this, we propose a Convolutional Dictionary Learning-based method that automatically highlights Nystagmus waveforms, effectively separating natural motion from pathological movements. Our approach demonstrates improved pattern recovery rates, supported by clinical examples illustrating its efficacy.
From alcohol to cannabis: a replication and extension study on the relationships between perceived efficacy, social norms, and use of protective behavioral strategies among cannabis-using young adults
Authors: Pérez Nehemías Romero , Carmona José , Vidal-Giné Claudio , Fernández-Calderón Fermín
Published: August 2024

Although Protective Behavioral Strategies (PBS) are effective in mitigating substance use and its associated consequences, research on the determinants of PBS use is limited. A previous study in the context of alcohol use demonstrated that both perceived descriptive norms (i.e., the frequency with which peers use PBS) and the perceived efficacy of PBS in reducing alcohol-related harms are prospectively linked to personal PBS use. Additionally, it found that descriptive norms were prospectively associated with personal PBS use both directly and indirectly through perceived efficacy. This study aims to replicate these findings in the context of cannabis use, using a similar design with baseline and 3-month follow-up data from 462 young adults (ages 18-25, Mean age = 20.98; SD = 2.14; 61.3% male). We also explore how sex and university status moderate the relationships between cannabis PBS descriptive norms and personal PBS use. Consistent with the replicated study, our results show that the relationship between descriptive norms for cannabis PBS and personal PBS use is partially mediated by the perceived efficacy of PBS. Furthermore, our moderated mediation analysis reveals that the impact of perceived norms on personal PBS use is stronger for men than for women. These findings underscore the potential of normative interventions to promote cannabis PBS use. These interventions would not only impact personal PBS use directly but also through the modification of young adults´ beliefs about the effectiveness of PBS in reducing cannabis-related negative harms.
Age at Entry into the Dutch Child Protection System of Children of Parents with Intellectual Disability: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Bakkum Lianne , Schuengel Carlo
Published: August 2024

Background:It is well established that children of parents with intellectual disability (ID) are disproportionately involved in child protection. It is important to understand the pathways through which these children enter child protection. This study examined the following pathway characteristics, comparing children of parents with and without ID: age at entry (weeks), duration of the first intervention (weeks), and the likelihood of having a sibling in child protection and youth services. Methods:Population-level administrative data from Statistics Netherlands were used. Children of parents with ID (cases) were 1:1 matched with control children. The following samples were used: N = 4,526 cases in child protection; N = 3,200 cases in youth services with child protection; N = 318 cases in youth services without child protection. Linear and logistic regression were used to analyse the pathway characteristics.Results:Children of parents with ID were younger at entry into child protection (B = -176.76, [-187.68; -165.83]), youth services with child protection (B = -152.73, [-165.97; -139.48]), and youth services without child protection (B = -143.10, [-188.72; -97.47]), and they had longer initial child protection interventions (B = 34.68, [25.94; 43.42]). Further, these children were more likely to have a sibling in child protection (OR 1.28, [1.18; 1.40]), youth services with child protection (OR 1.14, [1.02; 1.27]), and youth services without child protection (OR 69.23, [30.84; 198.00]).Conclusions:Children of parents with ID enter child protection and youth services at younger ages and for longer periods, more often accompanied by a sibling. This study highlights the need to investigate contextual factors contributing to this differential treatment.
Science Fiction Picture Show: A Proposal for an Adaptation of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Transgender Minority Stress
Authors: Escott Vanessa Florence
Published: August 2024

The disparity in mental health symptom prevalence between the transgender and cisgender populations can be more accurately described as a vast chasm instead of a gap. Transgender individuals experience suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, NSSI, eating disorders, mood disorders, and substance use disorders at rates multiple times higher than the cisgender population. These outcomes are best accounted for within the framework of the Minority Stress Model. The transdiagnositic approach of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy is an ideal treatment candidate for the transgender population’s symptoms of exposure to minority stress. Novel adaptations for the six components of psychological flexibility will be presented.
Research Capability of Doctoral Students in Utilizing Multivariate Statistics, Writing Research Proposal and Publishable Paper
Authors: Caingcoy Manuel
Published: August 2024

Advanced studies aim to produce highly competent graduates in areas like research and publication. These expectations necessitate research capabilities in graduate students. To assess doctoral students' research abilities and inform instruction, a research course evaluates them at the beginning of the term. Employing a descriptive design, this study investigated 21 individuals enrolled in an advanced research course during the second term of the academic year 2022-2023. Data were collected using an adapted instrument. The results indicated that doctoral students possessed moderate capabilities in writing a research proposal. However, they reported feeling neutral regarding their ability to write publishable papers. Additionally, these individuals indicated a slight or limited capability for utilizing multivariate statistics. These findings hold implications for instruction and future research, particularly in prioritizing course content to address areas where doctoral students have limited research capabilities.
Differential Impact of Vulnerable Isolation and Enmity: State Social Anxiety Level, Variability and Inertia in Vulnerable Narcissism
Authors: Rogoza Radosław
Published: August 2024

We investigate the relationship between two strategies of vulnerable narcissism – isolation and enmity – in their relation to daily social anxiety and variability and inertia of social anxiety states. We recruited a sample of N = 317 adults from Poland who participated in a 30-day long daily diary study (k = 7871 observations). The results revealed that both strategies were related to increased levels of daily social anxiety (although this relation was stronger for isolation), however – we observed a differential pattern of relation in regard to variability and inertia of social anxiety states. Specifically, isolation and average social anxiety were related to greater variability in social anxiety states, which might reflect their vulnerability to the exposure to social stressors. In turn, only enmity was positively related to inertia of social anxiety states, which might suggest that this strategy is indeed reactive in nature, however, it is also ineffective in regulating experienced negative emotions. Findings from the current study provide further support for the validity of differentiating the two distinct strategies of vulnerable narcissism.
The People's Review Protocol: planning an innovative study powered by the public
Authors: Quinn Éle , Dawson Shoba , Holt Jeremy , Hossain Shahed , Logullo Patricia , O'Brien Ann , Smith Maureen , Stewart Derek , Treweek Shaun , Young Charlene , Noone Chris , Moher David , Hynes Sinéad M
Published: August 2024

Background: Systematic reviews provide the best quality evidence about the effectiveness of health treatments. However, systematic reviews and the important role they play in healthcare are not well understood beyond the walls of academia and healthcare. The public needs to know more about what systematic reviews are, how they work and why they matter. The public should be able to find, understand and use evidence to support everyday health choices. The People's Review aims to provide an opportunity to members of the public to plan and complete a full systematic review online in a supportive and engaging manner. It will be a learning-by-doing experience to support the public’s understanding of what reviews are, how they are done, why they matter, and how they can be used to support everyday health decisions.Methods: In ThePeople's Review the public will conduct a full systematic review, deciding the review question, planning the review, working on the parts of the review, and deciding how to share the review findings, in a learning-by-doing process. The review will be conducted online in eight stages using Cochrane Crowd, an existing citizen science platform. The team working behind-the-scenes of The People's Review will design, produce, and share learning material to support the public’s understanding at each stage of the review. Discussion: Involving the public in a systematic review online will enable members of the public to understand and use systematic reviews in everyday health choices. It provides the public with a unique ‘learning-by-doing’ opportunity to get to grips with what systematic reviews are and how they are produced. This article describes how we plan to involve the public in The People's Review. It is not a protocol for the systematic review itself –this will be published separately once the project has commenced and the public have decided the review question.
A computational framework to study the etiology of narcissisim
Authors: Löschner Deborah Maria , Schoemann Martin , Jauk Emanuel , Herchenhahn Lena , Schwöbel Sarah , Kanske Philipp , Scherbaum Stefan
Published: August 2024

Grandiose narcissism is characterized by ambivalent interaction behavior (i.e., grandiose self-presentation and rivalrous devaluation of others) and strong oscillations in self-esteem over time. In the light of emotional and social problems associated with these self-esteem regulation patterns and the increasing prevalence of narcissistic tendencies, causal and formalized models for prevention and intervention are needed. Here, we present a computational model of narcissistic self-esteem regulation implementing established, verbal theories of narcissism to identify key etiological and disorder-maintaining mechanisms. Across four studies, we show that parental praise and overvaluing, as common forms of non-contingent feedback, lead to typical grandiose-narcissistic behavioral patterns (i.e., entitled self-presentation and rivalry) and strong self-esteem oscillations. Underlying these phenomena, we identify two maintaining mechanisms that offer targets for intervention and empirical falsification: tolerance development, characterized by an ever-increasing desire for social recognition, and a vicious cycle of rivalry, characterized by the frequent use of other-devaluing behavior and massive drops in self-esteem.
Does Child Abuse Predict a Population Segment with Large Economic Burden?
Authors: Runze Jana , Overbeek Geertjan , Luik Annemarie , Have Margreet ten
Published: August 2024

ObjectivesThe enormous societal and individual burden of mental disorders and detrimental health behaviors in the general population is of paramount concern. Many argue that ‘prevention is the best cure’, pushing for the implementation of early (preventive) interventions. A key question regarding this is which population segment to target for screenings, and what information these screening should focus on. Here, in line with previous efforts1, we aimed to identify which population segment holds the majority (≥ 80%) of different economically burdensome outcomes in society, and whether child abuse before age 16 predicts being part of that population segment. Study Design and MethodsWe used the [masked for review], a [masked for review] epidemiological cohort study including 6,646 adults aged 18-64 at baseline, spanning four time points from 2007 to 2018. We computed cumulative distributions to identify high-cost population segments of economically burdensome outcomes in adulthood (i.e., mental and physical health (behaviors), unemployment and work absenteeism). We examined child abuse as a potential predictor of these segments and investigated the risk of multiple high-cost population segment membership by conducting Poisson regressions. ResultsA 20% population segment carried between 42% and 100% of economically burdensome outcomes. Being exposed to more child abuse predicted being in a high-cost population segment, albeit with small effect sizes. Being exposed to more child abuse also predicted belonging to multiple high-cost population segments across different economically burdensome outcomes. ConclusionsOur findings have implications for policy makers: emphasis should be placed on prevention aimed at identifying potential members of multiple high-cost population segments.