bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Circulating circRNA: a social butterfly in tumors
Authors: Miao Shuo , Zhang Qingsong
Published: July 2023

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of single-stranded non-coding RNAs that form circular structures through irregular splicing or post-splicing events. CircRNAs are abnormally expressed in many cancers and regulate the occurrence and development of tumors. Circulating circRNAs are cell-free circRNAs present in peripheral blood, they are considered promising biomarkers due to their high stability. In recent years, more and more studies have revealed that circulating circRNAs participate in various cellular communication and regulate the occurrence and development of tumors, which involve many pathological processes such as tumorigenesis, tumor-related immunity, tumor angiogenesis, and tumor metastasis. Understanding the role of cell communication mediated by circulating circRNAs in tumor will further reveal the value and significance behind their use as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and provide an overview of the cell-cell communication mediated by circulating circRNAs, aiming to explore the role and application value of circulating circRNAs in tumors.
Mitochondrial dysfunction in heart diseases: Potential therapeutic effects of Panax ginseng
Authors: Cao Xinxin , Yao Fan , Zhang Bin , Sun Xiaobo
Published: July 2023

Heart diseases have a high incidence and mortality rate, and seriously affect people’s quality of life. Mitochondria provide energy for the heart to function properly. The process of various heart diseases is closely related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Panax ginseng (P. ginseng), as a traditional Chinese medicine, is widely used to treat various cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have confirmed that P. ginseng and ginsenosides can regulate and improve mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, the role of mitochondria in various heart diseases and the protective effect of P. ginseng on heart diseases by regulating mitochondrial function were reviewed in this paper, aiming to gain new understanding of the mechanisms, and promote the clinical application of P. ginseng.
Resilience to depression: the role of benevolent childhood experiences in a South African sample
Authors: Somefun Oluwaseyi Dolapo , Theron Linda , Höltge Jan , Ungar Michael
Published: July 2023

Background

Studies elsewhere show that benevolent childhood experiences (BCEs) have protective mental health value. However, this protective value has never been investigated in an African context. Given the need to better understand what might support mental health resilience among African young people, this study explores the relationship between BCEs and depressive symptoms among a South African sample of young adults living in a community dependent on the economically volatile oil and gas industry.

Methods

A sample of young adults in an oil and gas community in South Africa (N = 313, mean age 20.3 years, SD = 1.83, range from 18 to 26; majority Black African) completed self-report questionnaires to assess BCEs and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II). The analysis controlled for socio-demographics and experience of family adversity. Multinomial logistic regressions were used to examine the association of BCEs with depressive symptoms using STATA 17.

Results

The majority (86.4% of the sample) reported all 10 BCEs. Of the 10 BCEs, having at least one good friend was the most reported (94%) compared to 75% of the sample reporting having a predictable home routine, such as regular meals and a regular bedtime. The unadjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis indicated that having at least one good friend, comforting beliefs, and being comfortable with self were associated with lower odds of moderate depression. The adjusted results showed no association between BCEs and the depression of young adults in this sample.

Conclusion

In this South African sample, our results do not show protective associations between BCEs and depression. This could be as a result of the homogeneity in our sample. It is also possible that the BCEs explored could not counteract the effect of chronic risk factors in the lives of the young people in this study context. Further research is needed to understand this complexity.
Determinants of birth registration in sub-Saharan Africa: evidence from demographic and health surveys
Authors: Aboagye Richard Gyan , Okyere Joshua , Seidu Abdul-Aziz , Ahinkorah Bright Opoku , Budu Eugene , Yaya Sanni
Published: July 2023

Background

Birth registration is a crucial aspect of ensuring that children have access to their rights and benefits, including health care, education, and citizenship. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), birth registration rates remain low, with millions of children going unregistered each year. Understanding the predictors of birth registration among children in this sub-region is important for developing targeted interventions to improve registration rates. The study examines the predictors of birth registration among children in SSA.

Methods

We performed a cross-sectional analysis of secondary data pooled from the Demographic and Health Survey of 17 countries conducted from 2015 to 2021. A weighted sample of 162,500 children was included in the final analysis. We summarized the proportion of birth registration among children in SSA using a forest plot. We utilized a multilevel binary logistic regression analysis to examine the predictors of birth registration. The results were presented using adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs).

Results

We found that 48.32% [48.15–48.49] of births in SSA were registered. The lowest and highest prevalence of birth registration were found in Ethiopia (2.70 [2.38–3.02]) and Sierra Leone (92.93 [92.36–93.50]), respectively. Increasing child’s age was found to be significantly associated with a higher likelihood of birth registrations, with those aged 4 years [aOR = 1.55; CI = 1.49, 1.62] having the highest odds of birth registration compared to those aged below 1 year. Children born to mothers with primary [aOR = 1.17; CI = 1.11, 1.24], secondary [aOR = 1.44; CI = 1.34, 1.54], and higher education [aOR = 1.71; CI = 1.48, 1.99] were more likely to be registered than those born to mothers who had no formal education. Also, children born in health facilities were more likely to be registered [aOR = 1.60; CI = 1.48, 1.74] than those born at home. The odds of birth registration were significantly higher among children whose mothers received assistance during delivery [aOR = 1.88; CI = 1.72, 2.04], those in the richest wealth index [aOR = 3.91; CI = 3.54, 4.33], and those in rural areas [aOR = 1.92; CI = 1.76, 2.10].

Conclusion

There is low childbirth registration coverage in SSA. The predictors of this phenomenon are the child’s age, maternal level of education, wealth index, place of residence, sub-region, maternal age, place of delivery, assistance during delivery, marital status, and sex of household head. Interventions and policies developed to improve childbirth registration coverage in SSA should prioritize mothers with no formal education, those who deliver at home, those with low socioeconomic status, those living in female headed household, and adolescent mothers.
The relationships between burnout, general wellbeing, and psychological detachment with turnover intention in Chinese nurses: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Fengzhi , Lin Chunhui , Li Xiaoxue , Li Manman , Jia Ruolin , Guo Xiaoli , Bai Hua
Published: July 2023

Background

It is critical to minimize nurse turnover to improve the quality of care and patient safety. In-depth investigation is required to better understand the factors related to nurses' turnover intentions.

Aim

This study aimed to determine the relationships between burnout, general wellbeing, and psychological detachment with turnover intention among nurses in China.

Methods

A cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling was conducted in one hospital in China between January 2023 and March 2023. A total of 536 nurses were surveyed using the General Wellbeing Schedule (GWB), the Maslach Burnout Inventory scale (MBI), the Psychological Detachment scale, and the Turnover Intention scale. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS 26.0 statistical software. The chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were used to explore the factors related to turnover intention.

Results

Our data demonstrated that the turnover intention scores were 13 (10, 15.75), with 56% of nurses exhibiting a high level of turnover intention. Binary logistic regression analysis results indicated that being on a contract (OR = 4.385, 95% CI = 2.196–8.754), working in the pediatrics (OR = 2.392, 95% CI = 1.267–4.514) or obstetrics (OR = 2.423, 95% CI = 1.145–5.126) department, and experiencing burnout (OR = 1.024, 95% CI = 1.008–1.041) were associated with a heightened level of turnover intention. Conversely, organizational satisfaction (OR = 0.162, 95% CI = 0.033–0.787) and general wellbeing (OR = 0.967, 95% CI = 0.946–0.989) were identified as factors that hindered the intention to leave.

Conclusions

Findings from this study suggest that nurses were employed on a contract basis, working in pediatric or obstetric departments, expressing dissatisfaction with the organization, reporting low general wellbeing, and experiencing high levels of burnout that require special attention. The identification of these risk factors can inform targeted interventions and support programs aimed at improving the wellbeing and retention of nurses in these settings.
What makes a Grand Slam champion? Early engagement, late specialization and timely transition from having fun to dedication
Authors: Oršolić Mario , Barbaros Petar , Novak Dario
Published: July 2023

In order to provide adequate support for young tennis players, it is important to understand the development path and factors which can have a positive or negative impact on the development of a player. The aim of this research was to determine the factors that affected sports specialization in tennis by means of qualitative analysis (early, optimal, or late). As well as to deepen the knowledge around the phenomenon of specialization in tennis among players of differing success levels through their personal experiences, in order to contribute to a better understanding of their specialization. The authors interviewed 30 tennis players of differing levels, including 10 participants from the most elite level (Grand Slam champions), exploring their contrasting experiences of development. The data set was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three topics were generated, which included the following: engaging in sport, decisions, and time of specialization. The obtained results offer a stimulus to reflect on numerous aspects of athlete development.
Design of a User Comment Management System Based on Text Mining
Authors: Abudureheman Abuduaini
Published: July 2023

Presently, text mining in e-commerce reviews predominantly focus on singular sentiment analysis, yet constraints persist in sentiment score computation, semantic inclination discernment, and lexicon construction. To address these limitations, this study establishes an e-commerce user comment management system based on text mining. It performs part-of-speech tagging and dependency grammar analysis on the historical corpus of e-commerce, unveiling collocations that potentially convey users' emotive predispositions. Subsequently, a dependency grammar rule table is formulated for the extraction of emotional words. The enhanced BiGRU model is employed for bidirectional extraction of textual features, which are subsequently fused with the TextCNN model. Test results evince that the system effectively accomplishes the desired objectives, with positive comments attaining accuracy and recall rates of 93.49% and 96.98%, respectively, thereby mitigating the drawbacks associated with laborious operations and inadequate precision inherent in extant e-commerce comment analysis systems.
Validation of Helicopter Noise Prediction System with Flight Data
Authors:   Pennsylvania State University, Botre Mrunali ,   Continuum Dynamics Inc., Wachspress Daniel , Brentner Kenneth , Horn Joseph
Published: July 2023

A comprehensive noise prediction system is required to predict helicopter noise and assess potential noise mitigation strategies. It is necessary to validate and understand the limitations of the noise prediction system before it can be used to develop noise abatement procedures. Here, the validation is carried out by direct comparison with the flight test data. This paper gives a brief introduction to the noise prediction system, processing of the flight test data, and development of the different helicopter models with parametric sensitivity. The validation process is carried out by comparing the sound exposure level (SEL) noise contours on the ground plane of the acoustic flight test data with that predicted by the noise prediction system. The examples considered are: level flight; descent flight; level turn maneuver in left and right direction; level, decelerating turn maneuver; and a descending turn maneuver. This range of flight conditions was necessary to analyze the prediction system and understand its capabilities and deficiencies for future work. Overall the predicted noise levels were able to match the trends and levels within a few SELdBA of that measured during the flight test.
Understanding Changes in Cloud Simulations from E3SM Version 1 to Version 2
Authors: Zhang Yuying , Xie Shaocheng , Qin Yi , Lin Wuyin , Golaz Jean-Christophe , Zheng Xue , Ma Po-Lun , Qian Yun , Tang Qi , Terai Christopher R. , Zhang Meng
Published: July 2023

Abstract. This study documents clouds simulated by the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) version 2 (E3SMv2) and attempts to understand what causes the model behavior change in clouds relative to E3SMv1. This is done by analyzing the last 30-year (1985–2014) data from the 165-year historical simulations using E3SMv1 and v2 and four sensitivity tests to isolate the impact of changes in model parameter choices in its turbulence, shallow convection, and cloud macrophysics parameterization (CLUBB), microphysical parameterization (MG2), and deep convection scheme (ZM), as well as model physics changes in convective triggering. It is shown that E3SMv2 significantly improves the simulation of subtropical coastal stratocumulus clouds (Sc) and clouds with optical depth larger than 3.6 over the stratocumulus to cumulus transition regimes, where Shortwave Cloud Radiative Effect (SWCRE) is also improved, and the Southern Ocean (SO) while seeing an overall slight degradation in low clouds over other tropical and subtropical oceans. The better performance in E3SMv1 over those regions is partially due to error compensation between its simulated optically thin and intermediate low clouds for which E3SMv2 actually improves simulation of optically intermediate low clouds. Sensitivity tests indicate that the changes in low clouds are primarily due to the tuning made in CLUBB. The impact of the ZM tuning is mainly on optically intermediate and thick high clouds, contributing to improved SWCRE and Longwave Cloud Radiative Effect (LWCRE). The impact of the MG2 tuning and the new convective trigger is primarily on the high latitudes and the Southern Ocean (SO). They have a relatively smaller impact on clouds than do the CLUBB and ZM tunings. This study offers additional insights about clouds simulated in E3SMv2 by utilizing multiple data sets and the COSP diagnostic tool as well as through sensitivity tests. The improved understanding will benefit the future E3SM developments.
Toward on-demand measurements of greenhouse gas emissions using an uncrewed aircraft Aircore system
Authors: Zhu Zihan , Gonzalez-Rocha Javier , Ding Yifan , Frausto-Vicencio Isis , Heerah Sajjan , Venkatram Akula , Dubey Manvendra , Collins Don , Hopkins Francesca
Published: July 2023

Abstract. This paper evaluates the performance of a multirotor uncrewed aircraft and Aircore system (UAAS) for measuring vertical profiles of wind velocity (speed and direction) and the mole fractions of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2), and presents a use case that combines UAAS measurements and dispersion modeling to quantify CH4 emissions from a dairy farm. To evaluate the atmospheric sensing performance of the UAAS, four field deployments were performed at three locations in the San Joaquin Valley of California where CH4 hotspots were observed downwind of dairy farms. A comparison of the observations collected on board the UAAS and an 11-m meteorological tower show that the UAAS can measure wind velocity trends with a root mean squared error varying between 0.4 and 1.1 m s-1 when the wind magnitude is less than 3.5 m s-1. Findings from UAAS flight deployments and a calibration experiment also show that the UAAS can reliably resolve temporal variations in the mole fractions of CH4 and CO2 occurring over 10 second periods or longer. Results from the UAAS and dispersion modeling use case further demonstrate that UAAS have great potential as a low-cost tool for detecting and quantifying CH4 emissions in near real-time.
WEBTOON EDUKASI UNTUK ANAK REMAJA MUSLIM USIA 14-18 TAHUN “AGAR HIDUP LEBIH BERMAKNA DENGAN BERSYUKUR”
Authors: Nurmela Nurmela , Muallimah Hadah , Prakastria Prakastria
Published: July 2023

Masa remaja adalah masa dimana seorang anak remaja mencari jati dirinya sendiri, dimana hal ini emosi dan pendirian seorang remaja tidak stabil. Di zaman era digital ini banyak sekali infromasi yang didapatkan seperti mengakses situs-situs luar, adanya hal ini memungkinkan terjadinya penyimpangan karakter pada anak remaja baik dari segi gaya hidup maupun moral. Tanpa disadari banyak remaja muslim yang mengikuti gaya hidup dari luar negeru dan jauh dari gaya hidup islami sehingga masa muda saat inu banyak di isi dengan hal-hal yang tidak bermanfaat. Generasi muda di zaman sekarang mem butuhkan bimbingan supaya hidup yang dijalani lebih bermakna dan selamat di dunia maupun akhirat. Hal yang perlu dilakukan dalam menjalani hidup yang bermakna yaitu salah satunya dengan menumbuhkan sikap bersyukur. Adanya rasa syukur, dapat membantu seseorang menghargai apa yang telah dicapai dengan cara hidup positif. Komik ini akan memberikan edukasi pada remaja mulsim usia 14-18 tahun untuk menyadari pentingnya menanamkan sikap bersyukur didalam kehidupan sehari-hari yang di contohkan oleh Nabi Muhammad Shallallahu Alaihi Wassalam. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah Deskriptif Kualitatif 5W1H dan metode perancangan yang digunakan adalah alur Design Thinking oleh David Kelley dan Tim Brown yang memiliki 5 tahapan yaitu empathize, define, ideate, prototype dan test. Hasil akhir dari perancangan ini membuat komik digital yang akan dipublikasikan di platform Webtoon. Format baca disesuaikan dengan ketentuan Webtoon, yang mampu menginformasikan pentingnya masa muda yang berkualitas dengan menanamkan sikap syukur dalam islam secara kreatif dan inovatif untuk remaja muslim.
Posterolateral Corner of the Knee: An Update on Current Evaluation and Management Strategies
Authors: Maniar Adit R. , White Alex E. , Musahl Volker , Ranawat Anil
Published: July 2023

Historically, the posterolateral corner (PLC) of the knee has been labelled as the “dark side” of the knee. The PLC is not a single structure but a confluence of multiple structures, including the lateral collateral ligament, popliteus muscle-tendon unit, and popliteofibular ligament. Understanding the individual components and their function is important to successfully identify these injuries. PLC injuries are commonly associated with cruciate injuries, and its early recognition is important to achieve successful outcomes. Injury to the PLC should be treated on a case-by-case basis, and an appropriate algorithm is required to manage them. Multiple surgical techniques ranging from primary repair to anatomic reconstruction have been reported in managing these injuries. We present the latest literature on the anatomy, biomechanics, clinical presentation, imaging, available techniques, and current management recommendations. There is a special focus on the pathoanatomy, which will help guide the treatment of these injuries.
Incidence and Impact of Sensory Recall in Patients Undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty
Authors: Weiner, MD Travis R , Barringer Sarah , Silverio Laura , Lakra, MD Akshay , Geller Jeffrey A , Cooper H. John , Shah Roshan P
Published: July 2023

Introduction

Recall of auditory and physical sensations during hip and knee arthroplasty surgery is inadequately studied. We investigated rates of sensory recall, impact on satisfaction, and risk factors.

Methods

We surveyed 164 consecutive patients after primary or revision arthroplasty about sensory recall and its impact on satisfaction (improved, worsened, or no effect), without exclusions. Three surgeons and 25 anesthesiologists in an academic university hospital setting provided care. Demographic data (age, gender, BMI, comorbidities, ASA class), type of anesthesia, intravenous fentanyl and midazolam doses, pre-operative diagnosis, type of surgery, anesthesia duration, and surgery time (morning vs afternoon case) were analyzed. Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated for each variable. A binary logistic regression model was used to identify risk factors for sensory recall.

Results

147 patients (89.6%) received spinal anesthesia. No patients receiving general anesthesia had recall. Twenty-three patients (14.0% of the total, 15.6% of neuraxial anesthesia patients) had sensory recall after surgery: 19 (11.6%) auditory, 2 (1.2%) physical, and 2 (1.2%) both. There was a correlation between spinal anesthesia and sensory recall, r = 0.163, p = 0.037. On logistic regression, decreasing age (p=0.032, 95% CI, 0.894–0.995) and less midazolam (p = 0.009, 95% CI, 0.283–0.832) were significant risk factors for sensory recall. Seventeen (73.9%) reported no impact on satisfaction (14 auditory, 2 physical, 1 both), while two (8.7%) reported worse satisfaction (1 auditory, 1 both) and four (17.4%) reported improved satisfaction (all auditory).

Conclusion

We found a 14.0% rate of sensory recall. Spinal anesthesia, decreasing age, and lower benzodiazepine administration were associated with sensory recall. Sensory recall has a minimal effect on patient satisfaction, although some were still affected. Although we focused on instrument sounds, our high rate of sensory recall serves as a reminder to also be mindful of conversations in the operating room.

Level of Evidence

Level II
A cleaved METTL3 potentiates the METTL3-WTAP interaction and breast cancer progression
Authors: Yan Chaojun , Xiong Jingjing , Zhou Zirui , Li Qifang , Gao Chuan , Zhang Mengyao , Yu Liya , Li Jinpeng , Hu Ming-Ming , Zhang Chen-Song , Cai Cheguo , Zhang Haojian , Zhang Jing
Published: July 2023

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) methylation of RNA by the methyltransferase complex (MTC), with core components including METTL3-METTL14 heterodimers and Wilms’ tumor 1-associated protein (WTAP), contributes to breast tumorigenesis, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we identify a novel cleaved form METTL3a (residues 239-580 of METTL3). We find that METTL3a is required for the METTL3-WTAP interaction, RNA m6A deposition, as well as cancer cell proliferation. Mechanistically, we find that METTL3a is essential for the METTL3-METTL3 interaction, which is a prerequisite step for recruitment of WTAP in MTC. Analysis of m6A sequencing data shows that depletion of METTL3a globally disrupts m6A deposition, and METTL3a mediates mTOR activation via m6A-mediated suppression of TMEM127 expression. Moreover, we find that METTL3 cleavage is mediated by proteasome in an mTOR-dependent manner, revealing positive regulatory feedback between METTL3a and mTOR signaling. Our findings reveal METTL3a as an important component of MTC, and suggest the METTL3a-mTOR axis as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer.
Falling Into Grace
Authors: Swain Amanda Finegold
Published: January 2025

After finding herself face down on a New York City street, a family medicine physician understands that she can no longer assert her medical training bravado and in this narrative medicine essay begins to dismantle that pose.
Advocating for a Master of Digital Health Degree
Authors: Car Josip , Topol Eric J.
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint discusses the need for the establishment of a standardized Master of Digital Health (MDH) degree, modeled after the well-known, time-tested Master of Public Health degree, which has a well-defined core curriculum.
Medicaid Per-Capita Cap Myopia
Authors: Glied Sherry , Lambrew Jeanne M.
Published: January 2025

This JAMA Forum discusses past efforts to transform Medicaid financing to block grants, the arguments for and against block grants, and the potential ramifications if the incoming Republican Congress and administration make changes to Medicaid financing.
Changes in Support for Advance Provision and Over-the-Counter Access to Medication Abortion
Authors: Biggs M. Antonia , Schroeder Rosalyn , Kaller Shelly , Grossman Daniel , Scott Karen A. , Ralph Lauren J.
Published: January 2025

Importance

Since Dobbs v Jackson Women’s Health Organization (Dobbs) removed federal abortion protections, people’s views about alternative models of abortion care may have been impacted, yet research on this topic is limited.

Objective

To examine changes in national support for and personal interest in advance provision (AP) and over-the-counter (OTC) access to medication abortion.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Two nationally representative cross-sectional online surveys were administered to a market research firm’s panel members who were assigned female at birth (AFAB) and aged 15 to 49 years from December 2021 to January 2022 (before Dobbs) and June to July 2023 (after Dobbs). Data were analyzed from February 2023 to June 2024.

Exposure

Completion of survey before and after Dobbs.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Changes from before to after Dobbs in 4 primary outcome measures were examined: support for and personal interest in AP and OTC access to medication abortion.

Results

A total of 6982 AFAB people before Dobbs and 3561 after Dobbs completed at least 1 of 4 primary outcome measures. From before to after Dobbs, 2666 (weighted 31.3%) and 1258 (weighted 30.1%) were aged 30 to 39 years, 1395 (21.4%) and 708 (21.5%) reported their race and ethnicity as Hispanic/Latinx, 594 (13.7%) and 304 (13.6%) as Black non-Hispanic/Latinx, and 4504 (54.6%) and 2270 (54.2%) as White non-Hispanic/Latinx. There was a significant increase from before to after Dobbs in national support for AP (48.9% before; 95% CI, 47.1% to 50.6%; 55.1% after; 95% CI, 52.8% to 57.3%) and OTC access (49.4% before; 95% CI, 47.6% to 51.1%; 55.2% after; 95% CI, 52.9% to 57.5%) and an increase in personal interest in AP (23.6% before; 95% CI, 22.2% to 25.1%; 26.4% after; 95% CI, 24.3% to 28.4%) and OTC access (36.0% before; 95% CI, 34.3% to 37.6%; 42.5% after; 95% CI, 40.2% to 44.7%). Among people living in states with abortion bans, larger increases in personal interest in AP (5.3 percentage points [pp]; 95% CI, 0.5 to 10.3 pp) and OTC access (9.4 pp; 95% CI, 3.9 to 14.9 pp) were observed than among people in states without bans (1.4 pp; 95% CI, −1.7 to 4.6 pp and 5.4 pp; 95% CI, 2.0 to 8.9 pp, respectively).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this serial cross-sectional analysis of people aged 15 to 49 years before Dobbs and 1 year after Dobbs, findings suggested that national support for expanded access to medication abortion has grown. Alternative models of care, such as AP and OTC, have the potential to offer a promising approach to abortion care, particularly for people living in abortion-restricted states.
Patterns of Online Medical Crowdfunding in India
Authors: Sra Manraj Singh
Published: January 2025

This cross-sectional study of online fundraising campaigns for medical expenses conducted in India examines the distribution of fundraisers by amount raised and disease type.
Overcoming Barriers to Make Patient-Reported Outcome Collection the Standard of Care in Oncology
Authors: Colbert James A. , Potters Louis
Published: January 2025

This Viewpoint outlines the importance of and known barriers to making patient-reported outcome (PRO) collection the standard of care in oncology.
Fever and Floaters in a 56-Year-Old Woman
Authors: Firn Kim , Youn Justin , Sierpina David
Published: January 2025

A 56-year-old woman presents with fever, headache, nausea, and vomiting. Computed tomography scan of the head shows multiple coarse, dystrophic calcifications, and she reports floaters with normal vision. What would you do next?
Immunohistochemistry‐based molecular subtypes of urothelial carcinoma derive different survival benefit from platinum chemotherapy
Authors: Olah Csilla , Shmorhun Oleksandr , Klamminger Gilbert Georg , Rawitzer Josefine , Sichward Lara , Hadaschik Boris , Al‐Nader Mulham , Krafft Ulrich , Niedworok Christian , Váradi Melinda , Nyirady Peter , Kiss Andras , Szekely Eszter , Reis Henning , Szarvas Tibor
Published: January 2025

Distinct molecular subtypes of muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) may show different platinum sensitivities. Currently available data were mostly generated at transcriptome level and have limited comparability to each other. We aimed to determine the platinum sensitivity of molecular subtypes by using the protein expression‐based Lund Taxonomy. In addition, we assessed the tumor heterogeneity within the primary tumor and between the primary and lymph node (LN) metastatic sites. Thirteen immunohistochemical markers were stained in a tissue microarray with an overall number of 1,508 cores. Statistical evaluation was performed in 199 patients divided into three chemo‐naïve MIBC cohorts: (1) pT3/4 and/or LN+ patients who received radical cystectomy without platinum treatment, (2) patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy (AC), and (3) patients who underwent palliative platinum treatment for metastatic disease or postoperative progression. Overall survival (OS) was used as the primary endpoint. Patients with the genomically unstable (GU) subtype had significantly better OS in the AC group compared to the radical cystectomy group (HR: 0.395, 95% CI: 0.205–0.795, p = 0.005). In contrast, no such association was observed for the basal/squamous (Ba/Sq) subtype. Intratumor heterogeneity was present in 19% of cases, with the lowest level in the Ba/Sq and GU tumors (14% each) and the highest level of 43% in small‐cell/neuroendocrine‐like tumors. There was greater subtype heterogeneity between primary tumors and LN metastases. In conclusion, immunohistochemistry‐based Lund Taxonomy subtypes remain stable within the same primary tumor, with the GU subtype deriving the greatest OS benefit from AC. However, high tumor heterogeneity between the primary tumor and metastatic sites can impact the effectiveness of therapies.
Evaluation of synaptotagmin‐1 action models by all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Rizo Josep , Jaczynska Klaudia , Rosenmund Christian
Published: January 2025

Neurotransmitter release is triggered in microseconds by the two C2 domains of the Ca2+ sensor synaptotagmin‐1 and by SNARE complexes, which form four‐helix bundles that bridge the vesicle and plasma membranes. The synaptotagmin‐1 C2B domain binds to the SNARE complex via a ‘primary interface’, but the mechanism that couples Ca2+‐sensing to membrane fusion is unknown. Widespread models postulate that the synaptotagmin‐1 Ca2+‐binding loops accelerate membrane fusion by inducing membrane curvature, perturbing lipid bilayers or helping bridge the membranes, but these models do not seem compatible with SNARE binding through the primary interface, which orients the Ca2+‐binding loops away from the fusion site. To test these models, we performed molecular dynamics simulations of SNARE complexes bridging a vesicle and a flat bilayer, including the synaptotagmin‐1 C2 domains in various configurations. Our data do not support the notion that insertion of the synaptotagmin‐1 Ca2+‐binding loops causes substantial membrane curvature or major perturbations of the lipid bilayers that could facilitate membrane fusion. We observed membrane bridging by the synaptotagmin‐1 C2 domains, but such bridging or the presence of the C2 domains near the site of fusion hindered the action of the SNAREs in bringing the membranes together. These results argue against models predicting that synaptotagmin‐1 triggers neurotransmitter release by inducing membrane curvature, perturbing bilayers or bridging membranes. Instead, our data support the hypothesis that binding via the primary interface keeps the synaptotagmin‐1 C2 domains away from the site of fusion, orienting them such that they trigger release through a remote action.
2D WSe2/MoS2 p‐i‐n Vertical Heterojunction Photodetectors by Selective Plasma Doping
Authors: Wu Qianqian , Li Li , Wang Chenglin , Wang Zhihao , Weng Zhengjin , Jiang Yanfeng , Lin Liangliang , Gu Xiaofeng , Angel Emigdio Chavez , Sachat Alexandros El , Xiao Peng , Nan Haiyan , Xiao Shaoqing
Published: January 2025

Compared to traditional pn junctions, photodetectors based on 2D materials with a p‐i‐n structure offer enhanced photoresponsivity by broadening the depletion region and improving response speed by reducing junction capacitance. However, due to the lack of a mature, controllable doping process, p‐i‐n heterostructure photodetectors based on 2D materials are rarely reported. A 2D WSe2/MoS2 p‐i‐n vertical heterojunction photodetector created through plasma selective doping is presented. This device not only retains the wide junction region of the vertical heterojunction, but in coordination with the intrinsic layer (i layer), the width of the depletion region is broadened, increasing the photoactive area, Additionally, a strong built‐in electric field is formed internally, greatly accelerating the rapid separation and transport of photogenerated carriers. The p‐i‐n vertical heterojunction photodetector exhibits a high responsivity and an ultra‐fast response time (τr = 7.3 µs, τf = 5.49 µs), achieving nearly a 100 fold improvement over the pristine WSe2/MoS2 heterojunction. Under self‐driven conditions, the device achieves a maximum responsivity of 0.32 A W−1 and a detectivity of 3.41 × 109 Jones at 637 nm. Additionally, stable detection in the near‐infrared (NIR) is realized due to the interband transitions. These findings are expected to advance the development and application of photoelectric detection technologies.
Ultrathin Microwave Absorbing Structures at the K‐Band From PDA‐Implanted CNTs, Doped Conjugated Carbon Using Peganum Harmala Seeds and Turpentine Derivatives
Authors: Dogari Haniyeh , Ghafuri Hossein , Peymanfar Reza
Published: January 2025

In this study, a sustainable biomass‐derived structure from Harmal seed peganum (HSP) is used as a substrate to facilitate the growth of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by Ni as a catalyst. The unique toutia‐like morphology of the implanted biomass‐derived structure is coated with polydopamine (PDA) via an in situ polymerization process. Persian turpentine (PT) is chosen as a novel, green, sustainable, practical, and polarizable medium, and is selected as a capable microwave absorbing medium. The influence of interfacial interaction on the microwave absorbing performance is carefully dissected with the addition of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). With an ultrathin thickness of 200 µm, the CNT‐implanted sample coated with PDA and enhanced with PT (HSP/Ni‐CNT/PDA/PT) achieved a maximum RL of −79.88 dB at 18.22 GHz and an efficient bandwidth of 7.17 GHz. Interestingly the architected sample totally shields ≥95% of k‐band frequencies. The promoted impedance matching and other effective mechanisms in HSP/Ni‐CNT/PDA/PVA/PT and HSP/Ni‐CNT/PDA/polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites lead to the highest maximum RL of −92.87 dB at 25.39 GHz with 0.90 mm in thickness and the broadest efficient bandwidth as wide as 8.50 GHz with a thickness of 1.20 mm, respectively.
Thermally Triggered Double Emulsion‐Integrated Hydrogel Microparticles for Multiplexed Molecular Diagnostics
Authors: Jeon Eui Ju , Jung Seungwon , Jang Yoon‐ha , Lee Seoyoung , Choi Song‐Ee , Jeon So Young , Yoon Lankyeong , Kim Bong Kyun , Kim Tae Jong , Park Kuenyoul , Chung Seok , Shin Yong , Kim Sung‐Han , Sung Heungsup , Kim Sang Kyung
Published: January 2025

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) has been recognized as the most reliable diagnostic tool. However, there is a need to develop multiplexed assays capable of analyzing multiple genes simultaneously to expand its application. To address this, a multiplexed RT‐qPCR using a double emulsion (DE)‐based carrier and a polymer microparticle reactor, termed primer‐incorporated network tailored with Taqman probe (TaqPIN) is developed. The DE securely stores nucleic acid reagents like primers and probes within the polymer network until heating releases them for the reaction. The TaqPIN RT‐qPCR demonstrates an amplification efficiency of 93.8% and can detect as few as 20 copies/µL. By loading the multiple microparticles into a single reaction, a multiplexed assay with only one optical channel is enabled. In practice, a nine‐plex assay is designed to distinguish between variants of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2). Even subtle variations of a single nucleotide can be simultaneously detected. Testing on 75 nasopharyngeal swab samples yields 100% sensitivity and specificity for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection and 94% accuracy in variant discrimination.
Sequence and Chronology of Permanent Teeth Eruption in 5–18‐Year‐Old School Children of Chennai and the Influence of Sex, BMI, and Socio‐Economic Status
Authors: Vandana S. , Kandaswamy D. , Muthu M. S. , Aswath Narayanan M. B.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

This study aimed to determine the sequence and eruption chronology of permanent teeth in school children and adolescents of Chennai and compare the findings with an existing standard table. Additionally, the study also attempted to explore the influence of sex, body mass index (BMI), and socioeconomic status (SES) on tooth eruption patterns.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was designed, and 12,650 children aged 5–18 years were selected from thirty‐five schools using a multistage random sampling method. The clinical eruption status of all permanent teeth was evaluated using a new grading system. The chronology of permanent teeth eruption was determined using probit regression analysis while the intergroup comparison was carried out using the unpaired t‐test and anova test.

Results

The study sample included 6414 males and 6236 females. The mandibular first molar emerged as the first tooth at 5.5 years, whereas the maxillary second molar was the last to erupt, appearing at 11.9 years. A statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001) was noted between the sexes, BMI, and SES categories for most teeth; however, the variation was only 1–3 months.

Conclusion

An accelerated eruption pattern was observed for all teeth, except the mandibular canines, with a notable reversal in the maxillary sequence, where canines erupted before the first premolars. Tooth eruption occurred earlier in females, in the lower jaw, right side, in normal BMI, and high SES categories. A new eruption chart has been proposed for the Indian population, based on robust data from this study, providing an updated standard reference for assessing permanent tooth emergence.
Pre‐Fusion Shape Changes of Humeral Metaphyseal Surfaces: A New Method for Assessing Maturity and Age in Non‐Adult Skeletal Individuals
Authors: Salazar‐Fernández Azahara , Carretero José Miguel , Quintino Yuliet , Harvati Katerina , Rodríguez Laura , García‐González Rebeca
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The current research delves into the use of 3D geometric morphometric for assessing shifts in maturity within both the proximal and distal humeral metaphyses. It mainly focuses on establishing correlations between these shifts and the shape changes observed in the corresponding epiphyses established through radiographic imaging.

Material and Methods

The total sample comprises 120 right‐side proximal humeral metaphyses and 91 right‐side distal humeral metaphyses. The entire sample was categorized into four maturity groups for the humeral distal metaphysis and five maturity groups for the humeral proximal metaphysis based on the appearance and subsequent changes in shape and size. All humeri were scanned using 3D surface scanning devices. Two different 3D template configurations were created to capture the shape changes during the development of the proximal and distal metaphyses. We conducted an analysis of shape (Procrustes shape coordinates) and an analysis on the form space in order to assess both maturity changes of humeral metaphyses and their interrelationship with size.

Results

The shape changes explained by PC1 are crucial in establishing the maturational sequence in both the distal and proximal metaphyses. These shape changes reflect the appearance and subsequent changes in shape and size of their corresponding epiphyses.

Discussion and Conclusions

There is a considerable overlap among different maturity groups related to the gradual nature of the maturational process. However, shape changes in proximal and distal humeral metaphyses are suitable to assess maturity in skeletal specimens.
Light‐induced Enhancement of Energetic Charge Carrier Extraction and Modulation of Local Charge Density to Impact Selectivity in Plasmonic Nanometals
Authors: Liu Yanjun , He Xingyue , Liu Xiao , Li Bo , Ma Jian‐Gong , Cheng Peng
Published: January 2025

Localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) metals exhibit remarkable light‐absorbing property and unique catalytic activity, attracting significant attention in photocatalysts recently. However, the practical application of plasmonic nanometal is hindered by challenge of energetic electrons extraction and low selectivity. The energetic carriers generated in nanometal under illumination have extremely short lifetimes, leading to rapid energy loss. In this work, silver nanometals modified with five distinct sulfhydryl ligands (re‐Ag‐S‐R) were synthesized via photoreduction of superlattice precursors. Modified surface efficiently extracts and preserves excited state electrons of plasmonic nanometals. By modulation the local charge density at catalytic active sites through substituents with varying electron‐donating and electron‐withdrawing properties, the selectivity of the photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction and hydrogen evolution reaction was influenced. The results demonstrated opposite selectivity between methoxy‐modified re‐Ag‐S‐OCH3 (CO selectivity of 96.73 %) and amino‐modified re‐Ag‐S‐NH2 (H2 selectivity of 96.66 %) despite their similar structures. The changes in excited states and surface contact potentials induced by LSPR were monitored using femtosecond transient absorption (fs‐TA) spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM). Meanwhile, the detailed discussion of the LSPR mechanism in plasmonic nanometals will serve as valuable references and foundational elements for future research in this area.
Ein Anionisches, Mesoionisches Carben (anMIC) und seine Umwandlung in ein Metallo MIC‐Boran: Synthese und Eigenschaften
Authors: Rudolf Richard , Todorovski Andrej , Lederer Vera , Neuman Nicolas I. , Schubert Hartmut , Sarkar Biprajit
Published: January 2025

Neutrale mesoionische Carbene (MICs) basierend auf 1,2,3‐Triazolen haben einige Forschungsfelder wie der homogenen Katalyse, Elektrokatalyse und Photochemie/Photophysik nachhaltig vorangebracht. Mit dieser Arbeit präsentieren wir den ersten generellen Syntheseweg zu anionischen mesoionischen Carbenen (anMICs, 2) basierend auf einem 1,2,3‐Triazol und einem Borat‐Rückgrat. Das freie anMIC ist in Lösung unter inerten Bedingungen und tiefen Temperaturen stabil und kann für mehrere Wochen in Lösung gelagert werden. Die Analyse der Donor‐Eigenschaften zeigt die starke σ‐Donor‐Fähigkeiten von anMICs, die die Donorqualitäten anderer starker Donoren wie etwa MICs, NHCs, anionischer NHCs oder N‐heterozyclischer Olefine übersteigt. Bei Raumtemperatur kann das anMIC in drei andere, gleichwohl interessante Verbindungsklassen überführt werden: Ein Amid‐koordiniertes Boran basierend auf einem MIC‐Boran (2BR3), ein polymeres Triazolid (1Li) und ein Amid‐koordiniertes metallo‐MIC‐Boran (3Li). Dieses Metallo‐MIC‐Boran ist ein interessantes Synthon für die Synthese weiterer Amid‐koordinierter MIC‐Borane. Quantenchemische Rechnungen konnten herangezogen werden um diese Umwandlung von anMICs näher zu beleuchten. Somit führen wir mit diesem Bericht drei neue Klassen mesoionischer Verbindungen mit großem Potential in Teilgebieten der Chemie und benachbarten Disziplinen ein.
Adjusting TADF and Phosphorescence for Tailored Dynamic Time‐Dependent Afterglow Colored Carbon Dots spanning Full Visible Region
Authors: Zhang Yongqiang , Liu Yue , Ren Xueyan , Kang Yihong , Ding Shurong , Lu Siyu
Published: January 2025

Time‐dependent afterglow colored (TDAC) behavior differs from static afterglow by involving wavelength changes, enabling low‐cost, high‐level encryption and anti‐counterfeiting. However, the existing carbon dot (CD)‐based TDAC materials lack a clear mechanistic explanation and controllable wavelength changes, significantly hindering the progress of practical applications in this field. In this study, we synthesized CDs composites with customizable tunable TDAC wavelengths across the visible region. Furthermore, we elucidated the underlying mechanism of TDAC that exhibits sequential weakening and relative strengthening of long‐ and short‐wavelength afterglow centers. This phenomenon arises due to strong emission with a short lifetime originating from long‐wavelength thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), along with weak emission having a longer lifetime originating from short‐wavelength phosphorescence. The presence of surface‐rich carboxyl groups on CDs determines the short‐wavelength afterglow in their dispersed state while their high conjugation degree governs the long‐wavelength afterglow in their aggregated state. Additionally, appropriate doping levels of CDs enhance color change phenomena during afterglow. Finally, by embedding CDs into different rigid matrix, the range of afterglow changes can be tailored arbitrarily within the visible light region. Leveraging these exceptional TDAC characteristics has allowed us to successfully develop advanced 4D coding technologies that facilitate multi‐mode anti‐counterfeiting and dynamic information encryption.
On the evolution of psychological theory: Advancing from empirical effects to single‐process explanations to multi‐process models
Authors: Rucker Derek D. , Petty Richard E.
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a framework on the evolution of psychological theory in both consumer psychology and psychology more generally, moving from empirical observations of relationships to explanatory multi‐process models. The authors argue that psychological research appears unnecessarily inhibited, at times, to effects‐based or single‐process explanations of causal relationships. Such approaches, while fruitful for planting seeds of ideas, may limit the growth of psychological research. To provide a path to deeper theory building, involving more explanatory and predictive models, the authors introduce an approach based on the evolutionary stages of theory. This approach involves stating the necessary conditions to advance an evolutionary stage, along with visual examples of theory and empirical examples largely from the literature in consumer psychology. The upshot is a framework aimed to align scholars in understanding how to think about and discuss theoretical contributions. Finally, by adopting this approach, the authors suggest that psychological science can better address current challenges, such as the replication crisis, and foster more impactful research.