bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmaceutical (Nutraceutical) Development, Quality Control Assessment and Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of a Polyherbal Compound for Muscle Gain in Gym Going Healthy Volunteers: A Study Protocol
Authors: Shinde Aditi R. , Rathi Bharat , Wanjari Anita , Rathi Renu
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Protein powders are of great benefits for theyoungsterswho are gym freakand  show an interest in bodybuildingneed some external supplementation for weight gain, in muscle growth.In Ayurveda several herbs are described which are useful in muscle gain.Large number of protein supplements are available in market, but in present times research based Ayurvedic herbal supplement which is having dual property like muscle strengthening and other side as a protein source is not yet available in market.

Objective: Pharmaceutical Development, Quality Control Assessment and Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of a Polyherbal Compound for Muscle Gain in Gym Going Healthy Volunteers.

Methodology: Polyherbal compounds will be prepared with selected drugs like Ashwagandha, Vidarikanda, Arjuna, Gokshur, Sitaand it will be converted into churna form. Analytical study for standardization of Polyherbal compound will be done. Clinical evaluations for efficacy will bedonein gym going healthy volunteers.

Observations and Results: Observation will be done on the basis of physical examination (assessment criteria) evaluation of the pre and post condition. Results will be drawn on the basis of observations and applying suitable tests. It will be noted and presented in form of table, charts, graphsetc.

Conclusion: If this Pharmaceutical preparation of Herbal Compound shows expected and significant outcome in muscle growth and then it will be boon to the youngsters, bodybuilders who are in search of such Ayurvedicmuscle gain formulation.
Knowledge and Awareness of Chronic Lower Respiratory Diseases among Smokers Population in Chennai, India: A Cross Sectional Questionnaire Survey
Authors: Earasi Pawan Kumar , Priyadharshini R. , Sinduja Palati
Published: February 2022

Aim: To analyse the knowledge and awareness of chronic lower respiratory diseases among the smoker population.

Introduction: Tobacco is a key toxin in our civilization. Tobacco use and smoking is currently one of the leading causes of death and morbidity in both developed and developing nations. Tobacco is made from a plant native to South America, specifically Peru and Ecuador. Tobacco was originally brought to Europe from America in the fourteenth century for medical purposes.

Materials and Methods: The study to evaluate Knowledge and Awareness of chronic lower 

respiratory diseases among smokers population in Chennai, India. The targeted population for the study was 110 individuals within the age groups of 18-30. In this study, there was a formulation and distribution of a survey/ questionnaire, which was conducted among the students. The questionnaire consisted of twelve general questions to test not only their knowledge but also their awareness of the issue. Only completely filled online forms were included in the study. The filled responses were verified by two reviewers and the collected data was entered on the same day. The entered data was analysed using SPSS. Pearson Chi-square was performed to calculate frequencies of categorical variables.

Results: Symptoms cannot be seen and do not show up on medical tests. Some examples of symptoms are headache, fatigue, nausea and pain vary from each illness and diseases. 60% responded with their current symptoms as shortness of breath, 35% with coughing, 1.67% experiencing wheezing, 3.33% with lack of energy. Pearson Chi-square value was calculated, with values being statistically significant (p value is 0.000).

Conclusion: Smoking is clearly linked to systemic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease, lung problems, and various cancers. Smoking is proven to be harmful to mothers and children in particular. Cigarette smoking has a detrimental impact on the oral cavity.
Role of Fundus Fluorescein Angiography in Early Diabetic Maculopathy: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sahito Ghulam Hyder , Khanzada Mahtab Alam , Mirza Azfar Ahmed , Mahesar Mona Liza , Gilal Imtiaz Ahmed , Bhatti Urooj
Published: February 2022

Aim: To assess the role of fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) for early detection of diabetic maculopathy.

Study Design: Prospective Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration: Department of Ophthalmology, unit II Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Hyderabad between March 2020 to March 2021.

Methodology: Diabetic patients above the age of 20 years were screened by visual acuity recording, fundus, slit-lamp examination, and Fundus fluorescein angiography. Complete ophthalmic detail was obtained from each participant using pre-designed Proforma. Outcomes of the study were recorded.

Results: A total of 100 subjects having 200 eyes were observed in the study. There were 53(53%) males and 47(47%) females with a mean age of 54±21.22 years. FFA was done in 124(62%) eyes. Diabetic maculopathy with diabetic retinopathy was higher in moderate nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) 53(42.7%) followed by proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) 22(17.7%), severe NPDR 20(16.1%), and mild NPDR 08(6.5%). Most of the subjects 79(63.7%) had the diffuse type of leakage followed by focal 33(26.6%) and mixed type of leakage. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure (IOP), and Central Macular Thickness (CMT) were improved at the 3rd and 6th-month follow-up visit as compared to baseline visit.

Conclusion: Fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), a diagnostic method of diabetic retinopathy is reliable, more accurate, and precise. Our study recommends that diabetic patients should be regularly screened through FFA to save the precious vision of the diabetic population.
Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride Mediated Enhanced Solubilization and Stability by UV-Spectroscopy
Authors: Jangde Manoj , Chatterjee S. K. , Ghosh Sanjay , Sinha Deepak , Jangde Rajendra
Published: February 2022

In the case of solubility limited absorption, creating supersaturation in the GI fluid is very critical as supersaturation may provide great improvement of oral absorption. The techniques to create the so-called supersaturation in the GI fluid include microemulsions, emulsions, liposomes, complexations, polymeric micelles, and conventional micelles. Ciprofloxacin was chosen because it is practically insoluble in water; hence its salt form is used commercially, which is soluble in water. The objective of the present investigation was to enhance the solubility of ciprofloxacin by formulating solid dispersions techniques in water soluble carriers have attracted considerable interests as a mean of improving the dissolution rate & hence possibly bioavailability range of hydrophobic drugs. The poor solubility of ciprofloxacin leads to poor dissolution & hence variation in bioavailability. The purpose of present investigation was formulation & evaluation of controlled release floating capsule of ciprofloxacin with improved solubility & dissolution rate. In the present study solid dispersions using various carriers like mannitol & lactose in different ratios were prepared by solvent evaporation method. The prepared solid dispersions were characterized for drug content, solubility & dissolution rate. The dissolution rate substantially improved for ciprofloxacin from its solid dispersions compared with the pure drug. Dissolution rate increased with increasing carrier content.
MoSe2/n‐GaN Heterojunction Induced High Photoconductive Gain for Low‐Noise Broadband Photodetection from Ultraviolet to Near‐Infrared Wavelengths
Authors: Sandhu Harmanpreet Kaur , John John Wellington , Jakhar Alka , Sharma Abhishek , Jain Alok , Das Samaresh
Published: February 2022

Heterojunction photodiodes comprising of layered metal chalcogenides and wide‐bandgap semiconductors are a promising candidate for broadband photodetection. In this work, nanolayered Molybdenum diselenide (MoSe2)/Gallium Nitride (GaN) based photodetector has been demonstrated from ultraviolet to near‐infrared range (300–1000 nm). The performance is investigated by conducting Kelvin probe force microscopy to measure the conduction band offset at the interface of the heterojunction. It is used to analyze the energy‐band diagrams to understand the current transport mechanism. The device exhibits a high photoconductive gain of 1.8 × 104, responsivity of 5580 A W−1, detectivity of 1.9 × 1011 Jones and low noise equivalent power of 10 fW Hz−1/2 at 365 nm. Additionally, finite difference time domain simulations are performed for the MoSe2/n‐GaN heterostructure to authenticate the broadband photodetection spectrum. Therefore, the outcomes of this study validate the suitability of MoSe2/n‐GaN heterojunction devices for high responsivity and detectivity applications.
Predicting the Probability of Observation of Arbitrary Graphene Oxide Nanoflakes Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Motevalli Benyamin , Hyde Lachlan , Fox Bronwyn L. , Barnard Amanda S.
Published: February 2022

Although it has been well established that the stability and properties of graphene oxide nanostructure are strongly influenced by the concentration, type, and distribution of oxygen groups on the surface, there has yet to be a definitive way of predicting the thermochemical stability in advance of detailed and time‐consuming experimentation or simulation. In this study, a data set of over 60 000 unique graphene oxide nanoflakes and supervised machine learning methods are used to predict the probability of observation (stability) with perfect accuracy, based on a limited set of structural features that can be controlled in advance. A decision tree is used to show how the features determine the stability, and a neural network provides an equation to predict the thermodynamic stability of virtually any configuration in minutes. This enables researchers to use machine learning as research planning tool or to assist in analyzing results from microanalysis.
Targeting mTORC2/HDAC3 Inhibits Stemness of Liver Cancer Cells Against Glutamine Starvation
Authors: Zhang Hui‐Lu , Chen Ping , Yan He‐Xin , Fu Gong‐Bo , Luo Fei‐Fei , Zhang Jun , Zhao Shi‐Min , Zhai Bo , Yu Jiang‐Hong , Chen Lin , Cui Hao‐Shu , Chen Jian , Huang Shuai , Zeng Jun , Xu Wei , Wang Hong‐Yang , Liu Jie
Published: February 2022

Cancer cells are addicted to glutamine. However, cancer cells often suffer from glutamine starvation, which largely results from the fast growth of cancer cells and the insufficient vascularization in the interior of cancer tissues. Herein, based on clinical samples, patient‐derived cells (PDCs), and cell lines, it is found that liver cancer cells display stem‐like characteristics upon glutamine shortage due to maintaining the stemness of tumor initiating cells (TICs) and even promoting transformation of non‐TICs into stem‐like cells by glutamine starvation. Increased expression of glutamine synthetase (GS) is essential for maintaining and promoting stem‐like characteristics of liver cancer cells during glutamine starvation. Mechanistically, glutamine starvation activates Rictor/mTORC2 to induce HDAC3‐mediated deacetylation and stabilization of GS. Rictor is significantly correlated with the expression of GS and stem marker OCT4 at tumor site, and closely correlates with poor prognosis of hepatocellular carcinomas. Inhibiting components of mTORC2‐HDAC3‐GS axis decrease TICs and promote xenografts regression upon glutamine‐starvation therapy. Collectively, the data provides novel insights into the role of Rictor/mTORC2‐HDAC3 in reprogramming glutamine metabolism to sustain stemness of cancer cells. Targeting Rictor/HDAC3 may enhance the efficacy of glutamine‐starvation therapy and limit the rapid growth and malignant progression of tumors.
Photonic Nanojet‐Mediated Optogenetics
Authors: Guo Jinghui , Wu Yong , Gong Zhiyong , Chen Xixi , Cao Fei , Kala Shashwati , Qiu Zhihai , Zhao Xinyi , Chen Jun‐jiang , He Dongming , Chen Taiheng , Zeng Rui , Zhu Jiejun , Wong Kin Fung , Murugappan Suresh , Zhu Ting , Xian Quanxiang , Hou Xuandi , Ruan Ye Chun , Li Baojun , Li Yu Chao , Zhang Yao , Sun Lei
Published: February 2022

Optogenetics has become a widely used technique in neuroscience research, capable of controlling neuronal activity with high spatiotemporal precision and cell‐type specificity. Expressing exogenous opsins in the selected cells can induce neuronal activation upon light irradiation, and the activation depends on the power of incident light. However, high optical power can also lead to off‐target neuronal activation or even cell damage. Limiting the incident power, but enhancing power distribution to the targeted neurons, can improve optogenetic efficiency and reduce off‐target effects. Here, the use of optical lenses made of polystyrene microspheres is demonstrated to achieve effective focusing of the incident light of relatively low power to neighboring neurons via photonic jets. The presence of microspheres significantly localizes and enhances the power density to the target neurons both in vitro and ex vivo, resulting in increased inward current and evoked action potentials. In vivo results show optogenetic stimulation with microspheres that can evoke significantly more motor behavior and neuronal activation at lowered power density. In all, a proof‐of‐concept of a strategy is demonstrated to increase the efficacy of optogenetic neuromodulation using pulses of reduced optical power.
Foam 3D Printing of Thermoplastics: A Symbiosis of Additive Manufacturing and Foaming Technology
Authors: Nofar Mohammadreza , Utz Julia , Geis Nico , Altstädt Volker , Ruckdäschel Holger
Published: February 2022

Due to their light‐weight and cost‐effectiveness, cellular thermoplastic foams are considered as important engineering materials. On the other hand, additive manufacturing or 3D printing is one of the emerging and fastest growing manufacturing technologies due to its advantages such as design freedom and tool‐less production. Nowadays, 3D printing of polymer compounds is mostly limited to manufacturing of solid parts. In this context, a merged foaming and printing technology can introduce a great alternative for the currently used foam manufacturing technologies such as foam injection molding. This perspective review article tackles the attempts taken toward initiating this novel technology to simultaneously foam and print thermoplastics. After explaining the basics of polymer foaming and additive manufacturing, this article classifies different attempts that have been made toward generating foamed printed structures while highlighting their challenges. These attempts are clustered into 1) architected porous structures, 2) syntactic foaming, 3) post‐foaming of printed parts, and eventually 4) printing of blowing agents saturated filaments. Among these, the latest approach is the most practical route although it has not been thoroughly studied yet. A filament free approach that can be introduced as a potential strategy to unlock the difficulties to produce printed foam structures is also proposed.
A Flexible Method to Fabricate Exsolution‐Based Nanoparticle‐Decorated Materials in Seconds
Authors: Sun Zhu , Fan Weiwei , Bai Yu
Published: February 2022

Decorating metallic nanoparticles on the surface of oxide support is a promising approach to tailor the catalytic activity of perovskite. Here, for the first time using thermal shock to rapidly fabricate nanoparticle‐decorated materials (NDMs) is proposed. Low‐cost and size‐tailorable carbon paper is used as the heating source during the thermal shock. It is reported that by thermal shock technique, only ≈13 s including heating and treating time is needed to fabricate the exsolution‐based NDMs (the fastest method to date). Benefitted by the sufficiently provided driving force and the short treating time, as compared to the product prepared by the conventionally furnace‐based method, higher particle density and smaller particle size of the exsolved catalysts are acquired for the thermal shock fabricated NDM, giving rise to a fascinating improvement (12‐fold) of the electrochemical performance. This work develops a new technique to rapidly fabricate NDMs in an economic and high‐throughput manner, profoundly improving the flexibility of the application of exsolution‐based materials in electrochemical devices.
Expression of p53 protein isoforms predicts survival in patients with multiple myeloma
Authors: Rojas Elizabeta A. , Corchete Luis A. , De Ramón Cristina , Krzeminski Patryk , Quwaider Dalia , García‐Sanz Ramón , Martínez‐López Joaquín , Oriol Albert , Rosiñol Laura , Bladé Joan , Lahuerta Juan José , San Miguel Jesús F. , González Marcos , Mateos María Victoria , Bourdon Jean‐Christophe , Misiewicz‐Krzeminska Irena , Gutiérrez Norma C.
Published: February 2022

Loss and/or mutation of the TP53 gene are associated with short survival in multiple myeloma, but the p53 landscape goes far beyond. At least 12 p53 protein isoforms have been identified as a result of a combination of alternative splicing, alternative promoters and/or alternative transcription site starts, which are grouped as α, β, γ, from transactivation domain (TA), long, and short isoforms. Nowadays, there are no studies evaluating the expression of p53 isoforms and its clinical relevance in multiple myeloma (MM). We used capillary nanoimmunoassay to quantify the expression of p53 protein isoforms in CD138‐purified samples from 156 patients with newly diagnosed MM who were treated as part of the PETHEMA/GEM2012 clinical trial and investigated their prognostic impact. Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to corroborate the results at RNA levels. Low and high levels of expression of short and TAp53β/γ isoforms, respectively, were associated with adverse prognosis in MM patients. Multivariate Cox models identified high levels of TAp53β/γ (hazard ratio [HR], 4.49; p < .001) and high‐risk cytogenetics (HR, 2.69; p < .001) as independent prognostic factors associated with shorter time to progression. The current cytogenetic‐risk classification was notably improved when expression levels of p53 protein isoforms were incorporated, whereby high‐risk MM expressing high levels of short isoforms had significantly longer survival than high‐risk patients with low levels of these isoforms. This is the first study that demonstrates the prognostic value of p53 isoforms in MM patients, providing new insights on the role of p53 protein dysregulation in MM biology.
A Host–Guest Electron Transfer Mechanism for Magnetic and Electronic Modifications in a Redox‐Active Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Zhang Jun , Kosaka Wataru , Kitagawa Yasutaka , Miyasaka Hitoshi
Published: February 2022

Host–guest electron transfer (HGET) in molecular framework systems is a critical trigger for drastic functional changes in both host framework and guest. A reversible magnetic phase transition was achieved via HGET in a layered framework, [{Ru2(2,6‐F2PhCO2)4}2(BTDA‐TCNQ)] (1), where 2,6‐F2PhCO2− and BTDA‐TCNQ represent 2,6‐difluorobenzoate and bis[1,2,5]dithiazolotetracyanoquinodimethane, respectively. The guest‐free 1 with an antiferromagnetic ground state transformed into a paramagnet, [{Ru2(2,6‐F2PhCO2)4}2(BTDA‐TCNQ)]I3 (1‐I3), by adsorbing iodine (I2). The local charge distribution of [{Ru2II,III}+‐(BTDA‐TCNQ).−‐{Ru2II,II}] in 1 was reversibly modified to [{Ru2II,III}+‐(BTDA‐TCNQ)0‐{Ru2II,II}](I3−) in 1‐I3 through HGET. Theoretical calculations of 1‐I3 indicated a partial charge delocalization as [{Ru2}(1−δ)+‐(BTDA‐TCNQ)0‐{Ru2}δ+](I3−) with δ≈0.2, aided by weak ferromagnetic coupling. 1‐I3 exhibited a hundred‐fold enhancement in electrical conductivity compared to that of 1.
To save or lose? A cross‐national examination of the disease risk framing effect and the influence of collectivism
Authors: Im Hohjin , Chen Chuansheng
Published: February 2022

Using a large dataset from the COVIDiSTRESS Global Survey Consortium spanning 49 countries (N = 102,830), we examined the robustness of Tversky and Kahneman's (1981) framing effect within each country using a variation of the classic Asian Disease Scenario. Results indicated that the framing effect—where respondents are more likely to take the safe option (i.e., a known number of lives saved or lost) than the risky option (i.e., a probability of saving lives) when framed as a gain (i.e., number of lives saved) instead of a loss (i.e., number of lives lost)—was replicated in 100% of the countries examined (h = 0.612, 95% CI [0.568, 0.656]). Results showed that societal collectivism was negatively associated with individual propensity to select the safer option in both the gain and loss framed conditions. Collectivism was also partly related to smaller framing effect sizes at the country level. Implications and future directions are discussed.
Using independent cross‐sectional survey data to predict post‐migration health trajectories among refugees by estimating transition probabilities and their variances
Authors: Erdmann Stella , Biddle Louise , Kieser Meinhard , Bozorgmehr Kayvan
Published: February 2022

Health research is often concerned with the transition of health conditions and their relation with given exposures, therefore requiring longitudinal data. However, such data is not always available and resource‐intensive to collect. Our aim is to use a pseudo‐panel of independent cross‐sectional data (e.g., data of and ) to extrapolate and approximate longitudinal health trajectories (–). Methods will be illustrated by examples of studying contextual effects on health among refugees by calculating transition probabilities with associated variances. The data consist of two cross‐sectional health surveys among randomly selected refugee samples in reception () and accommodation centers () located in Germany's third‐largest federal state. Self‐reported measures of physical and mental health, health‐related quality of life, health care access, and unmet medical needs of 560 refugees were collected. Missing data were imputed by multiple imputation. For each imputed data set, transition probabilities were calculated based on (i) probabilistic discrete event systems with Moore‐Penrose generalized inverse matrix method (PDES‐MP) and (ii) propensity score matching (PSM). By application of sampling approaches, exploiting the fact that status membership is multinomially distributed, results of both methods were pooled by Rubin's Rule, accounting for within and between‐imputation variance. Most of the analyzed estimates of the transition probabilities and their variances are comparable between both methods. However, it seems that they handle sparse cells differently: either assigning an average value for the transition probability for all states with high certainty (i) or assigning a more extreme value for the transition probability with large variance estimate (ii).
Two‐dimensional P‐spline smoothing for spatial analysis of plant breeding trials
Authors: Piepho Hans‐Peter , Boer Martin P. , Williams Emlyn R.
Published: February 2022

Large agricultural field trials may display irregular spatial trends that cannot be fully captured by a purely randomization‐based analysis. For this reason, paralleling the development of analysis‐of‐variance procedures for randomized field trials, there is a long history of spatial modeling for field trials, starting with the early work of Papadakis on nearest neighbor analysis, which can be cast in terms of first or second differences among neighboring plot values. This kind of spatial modeling is amenable to a natural extension using splines, as has been demonstrated in recent publications in the field. Here, we consider the P‐spline framework, focusing on model options that are easy to implement in linear mixed model packages. Two examples serve to illustrate and evaluate the methods. A key conclusion is that first differences are rather competitive with second differences. A further key observation is that second differences require special attention regarding the representation of the null space of the smooth terms for spatial interaction, and that an unstructured variance–covariance structure is required to ensure invariance to translation and rotation of eigenvectors associated with that null space. We develop a strategy that permits fitting this model with ease, but the approach is more demanding than that needed for fitting models using first differences. Hence, even though in other areas, second differences are very commonly used in the application of P‐splines, our conclusion is that with field trials, first differences have advantages for routine use.
EI‐SCAM as a teaching tool in an undergraduate course in analog and high‐frequency circuits
Authors: Sánchez‐Gaspariano Luis A. , Vivaldo‐de‐la‐Cruz Israel , Muñoz‐Pacheco Jesús M. , del Carmen Gómez‐Pavón Luz , Ramos Arnulfo Luis
Published: February 2022

EI‐SCAM is a very useful tool capable of carrying out symbolic, semi‐symbolic, and numerical solutions for the electrical variables of a circuit under analysis. The goal of the research reported herein is to assess the effectiveness of the program as a teaching tool for circuit analysis of Automotive System Engineering students. To this aim, EI‐SCAM has been used for at least 5 years, from 2017 to 2021, in the undergraduate course Interfaces, Communications, and Signal Processing, intended to Automotive System Engineering majors at the Electronics Faculty of the Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, México, and whose main topics are related to interface circuits for signal conditioning from sensors and towards actuators in the car. EI‐SCAM was used as a complement to theoretical classes and it has also been used alone as a self‐study tool. A student survey indicated that EI‐SCAM was an excellent complement to the teaching process, providing a useful and convenient tool for circuit analysis tasks even when the user is unfamiliar with both the use of MATLAB and circuit analysis. Additionally, a test applied before and after the introduction of EI‐SCAM in the course showed an increase beyond the 60% in the assertiveness of the students to respond properly to the questions.
Identification of a novel nine‐SnoRNA signature with potential prognostic and therapeutic value in ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhu Wenjing , Zhang Tao , Luan Shaohong , Kong Qingnuan , Hu Wenmin , Zou Xin , Zheng Feibo , Han Wei
Published: February 2022

Background

Increasing evidence has been confirmed that small nucleolar RNAs (SnoRNAs) play critical roles in tumorigenesis and exhibit prognostic value in clinical practice. However, there is short of systematic research on SnoRNAs in ovarian cancer (OV).

Material/Methods

379 OV patients with RNA‐Seq and clinical parameters from TCGA database and 5 paired clinical OV tissues were embedded in our study. Cox regression analysis was used to identify prognostic SnoRNAs and construct prediction model. SNORic database was adopted to examine the copy number variation of SnoRNAs. ROC curves and KM plot curves were applied to validate the prognostic model. Besides, the model was validated in 5 paired clinical tissues by real‐time PCR, H&E staining and immunohistochemistry.

Results

A prognostic model was constructed on the basis of SnoRNAs in OV patients. Patients with higher RiskScore had poor clinicopathological parameters, including higher age, larger tumor size, advanced stage and with tumor status. KM plot analysis confirmed that patients with higher RiskScore had poorer prognosis in subgroup of age, tumor size, and stage. 7 of 9 SnoRNAs in the prognostic model had positive correlation with their host genes. Moreover, 5 of 9 SnoRNAs in the prognostic model correlated with their CNVs, and SNORD105B had the strongest correction with its CNVs. ROC curve showed that the RiskScore had excellent specificity and accuracy. Further, results of H&E staining and immunohistochemistry of Ki67, P53 and P16 confirmed that patients with higher RiskScore are more malignant.

Conclusions

In summary, we identified a nine‐SnoRNAs signature as an independent indicator to predict prognosis of OV, providing a prospective prognostic biomarker and potential therapeutic targets for ovarian cancer.
Stereo‐Divergent Enzyme Cascades to Convert Racemic 4‐Phenyl‐2‐Butanol into either (S)‐ or (R)‐Corresponding Chiral Amine
Authors: Romero‐Fernandez Maria , Paradisi Francesca
Published: February 2022

The synthesis of enantiopure chiral amines from racemic alcohols is a key transformation in the chemical industry, e. g., in the production of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). However, this reaction remains challenging. In this work, we propose a one‐pot enzymatic cascade for the direct conversion of a racemic alcohol into either (S)‐ or (R)‐enantiomers of the corresponding amine, with in‐situ cofactor recycling. This enzymatic cascade consists of two enantio‐complementary alcohol dehydrogenases, both NADH and NADPH oxidase for in‐situ recycling of NAD(P)+ cofactors, and either (S)‐ or (R)‐enantioselective transaminase. This cell‐free biocatalytic system has been successfully applied to the conversion of racemic 4‐phenyl‐2‐butanol into the high value (S)‐ or (R)‐enantiomers of the amine reaching good (73 % (S)) and excellent (>99 % (R)) enantioselectivities.
Transmitral extraction of a huge left ventricular mural thrombus using a novel mitral leaflet retractor
Authors: Ito Hisato , Bessho Saki , Nakamura Bun , Toba Shuhei , Shomura Yu , Takao Motoshi
Published: February 2022

A 52‐year‐old woman with a past history of anterior myocardial infarction 15 years previously was found to have a pedunculated mobile thrombus with a narrow stalk originating from the left ventricle, and a huge laminated mural thrombus. Surgical extraction of the two organized thrombi was successfully performed with transmitral approach using a novel, flexible, self‐retained, and reusable leaflet retractor, which was originally developed for exposure of the subvalvular apparatus during mitral valve repair. Excellent access, exposure, and visualization of the left ventricle were achieved by this heart valve retractor and an endoscope for removal of a huge mural thrombus.
Primary thoracic synovial sarcomas: A case report
Authors: Kallel Nesrine , Sakka Darine , Zaafouri Asma , Khemakhem Rim , Yangui Ilhem , Msaad Sameh
Published: February 2022

Primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma (SS) is a rare neoplasm. Its clinicoradiologic attributes are not yet well defined. We report the observation of a patient followed for primary pulmonary synovial sarcoma. We report the radio‐clinical features of this rare tumor.
BODIPY Catalyzes Proximity‐Dependent Histidine Labelling
Authors: Nakane Keita , Niwa Tatsuya , Tsushima Michihiko , Tomoshige Shusuke , Taguchi Hideki , Nakamura Hiroyuki , Ishikawa Minoru , Sato Shinichi
Published: February 2022

The novel function of BODIPY, a widely used fluorescent probe, as a catalyst for the chemical labelling of histidine is revealed. Singlet oxygen (1O2) produced by the photosensitizer property of BODIPY oxidises histidine residues, and the histidine oxidised by 1O2 is trapped by the nucleophile 1‐methyl‐4‐arylurazole (MAUra). The simple chemical structure of BODIPY facilitates easier modification compared to other photosensitizer molecules and allows catalysis of protein/peptide‐labelling with higher histidine selectivity compared to the ruthenium complex. Owing to the short life of 1O2, the reaction was selectively completed in close proximity with BODIPY. Site‐selective functionalization of the target/antibody was successfully achieved using ligand‐conjugated BODIPY.
MOF‐Derived Carbon Embedded NiO for an Alkaline Zn−NiO Electrochromic Battery
Authors: Dewan Anweshi , Sur Soumodip , Narayanan Remya , Thotiyl Musthafa Ottakam
Published: February 2022

In the era of intelligent automation, smart energy storage devices are highly sought after due to their capability to reveal their state of charge by a visual color change. In principle, this is typically obtained by integrating electrochromic materials which demonstrate a change in optical band gap during redox reactions as electrodes in batteries/supercapacitors. Among various electrochromic materials, transition metal oxides have received significant interests because of their natural abundance, good cycling stability and high electrochemical response. In this work, metal organic framework (MOF) derived carbon embedded NiO (NiO@C) demonstrates very fast switching speeds of ∼1.4 s for coloration and ∼3.5 s for bleaching with high coloration efficiency of ∼135.16 cm2/C. These aspects make MOF‐derived NiO@C a potential candidate to be integrated as a smart positive electrode in an alkaline zinc (Zn) battery to construct a rechargeable Zn−NiO electrochromic (EC) battery. The Zn−NiO EC battery delivers an average voltage of ∼1.84 V and demonstrates a specific capacity of ∼85.3 mAh/m2 at 0.1 mA/cm2 current density. It visually displays its energy storage level by changing its color from dark brown (charged state) to colorless (discharged state), making it a potential candidate in smart windows and energy storage displays.
Cu(I)/Chiral Bisoxazoline‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Doyle‐Kirmse Reaction of Allenyl Sulfides with α‐Diazoesters
Authors: Wang Kang , Li Shu‐Sen , Wang Jianbo
Published: February 2022

Herein, a Cu(I)‐catalyzed enantioselective Doyle‐Kirmse reaction of allenyl sulfides and α‐diazoesters is reported, which provides an efficient synthetic route to enantio‐enriched chiral tertiary homopropargylic sulfides. This reaction features high enantioselectivities (up to 96 % ee) and good functional group tolerance. The alkyl substituted α‐diazoester has also been demonstrated as the efficient substrates in the asymmetric Doyle‐Kirmse reaction. Mechanistic studies, including kinetic experiments, were conducted to gain insights into the details of the reaction pathway. The potential synthetic utility of this protocol has also been demonstrated.
Uncertainty Quantification of Reactivity Scales**
Authors: Proppe Jonny , Kircher Johannes
Published: February 2022

According to Mayr, polar organic synthesis can be rationalized by a simple empirical relationship linking bimolecular rate constants to as few as three reactivity parameters. Here, we propose an extension to Mayr's reactivity method that is rooted in uncertainty quantification and transforms the reactivity parameters into probability distributions. Through uncertainty propagation, these distributions can be transformed into uncertainty estimates for bimolecular rate constants. Chemists can exploit these virtual error bars to enhance synthesis planning and to decrease the ambiguity of conclusions drawn from experimental data. We demonstrate the above at the example of the reference data set released by Mayr and co‐workers [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 9500; J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 13902]. As by‐product of the new approach, we obtain revised reactivity parameters for 36 π‐nucleophiles and 32 benzhydrylium ions.
Growth of BPO4 Crystals in Low Temperature Gradients
Authors: Artyushenko Maxim , Khokhlov Nikolay , Sadovskiy Andrew , Zykova Marina , Bindiug Denis , Avetisov Roman , Avetissov Igor
Published: February 2022

The method of synthesis of a monophase boron phosphate (BPO4) powder has been refined. Single crystals of BPO4 free from solvent inclusions and cracks have been obtained by the top‐seeded solution growth technique with the seed orientation [010]. The growth is carried out under conditions of a low axial temperature gradient in the melt‐solution, which is varied in the range of 1–4°C cm−1. The value of the temperature gradient that promotes the growth of defective crystals is determined. The absorption spectra and optical homogeneity of crystals are studied. The chemical composition of polycrystalline BPO4 is studied using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The purity of the synthesized powder is better than 4 N.
Construction of Benzosultam‐Containing Fused‐ and Linked‐Biheterocycles by a Cascade Double Nucleophilic Cyclization
Authors: Das Jonali , Borah Biraj Jyoti , Das Sajal Kumar
Published: February 2022

Although nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) and many nucleophilic epoxide ring‐opening reactions proceed under similar anionic conditions, the literature examples of using these reactions in tandem for the construction of heterocyclic compounds are scarce. In this article, we disclose a detailed account of the synthesis of benzothiaoxazepine‐1,1‐dioxide‐containing fused‐ and linked‐biheterocycles by a base‐mediated, exo‐selective intramolecular epoxide‐opening/intramolecular nucleophilic aromatic substitution cascade of epoxide‐tethered ortho‐fluorobenzenesulfonamides. A wide range of substrates exhibited high overall yields and complete regio‐ and diastereoselectivity
Visible‐Light‐Driven di‐t‐Butyl Peroxide‐Promoted the Oxidative Homo‐ and Cross‐Coupling of Phenols
Authors: Jia Hanqiang , He Min , Yang Shilei , Yu Xiaoqiang , Bao Ming
Published: February 2022

The visible‐light‐induced oxidative homo‐ and cross‐coupling of phenols by di‐t‐butyl peroxide (DTBP) are described. These reactions occur with metal‐free process and feature high chemo‐ and regioselectivity under mild reaction conditions. DTBP is an inexpensive, benign, stable at room temperature, and commercially available oxidizer. It can be irradiated by blue LEDs to generate tert‐butoxyl radical (tBuO⋅), which induces the oxidative homo‐coupling of phenols and the cross‐coupling of phenols with naphthols, respectively.
Reductive Cross‐Coupling between Arylaldehydes and (Hetero)aryl Electrophiles Using Silylboronate Reductant
Authors: Watanabe Koh , Takeda Mitsutaka , Nagao Kazunori , Ohmiya Hirohisa
Published: February 2022

A catalytic reductive cross‐coupling between arylaldehydes and aryl electrophiles using a silylboronate as a terminal reductant is described. The reaction involves a copper‐catalyzed silylboration of aldehydes affording the O‐borylated α‐silyl alcohols followed by a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction with aryl electrophiles. This protocol offers a new opportunity to access 1,1‐diarylmethanol derivatives without rare metals or highly basic organometallic reagents.
Evaluation of plant extracts as an efficient source of additives for active food packaging
Authors: Vieira Dalila M. , Pereira Carla , Calhelha Ricardo C. , Barros Lillian , Petrovic Jovana , Sokovic Marina , Barreiro Maria Filomena , Ferreira Isabel C.F.R. , Castro Maria Cidalia R. , Rodrigues Pedro V. , Machado Ana Vera
Published: February 2022

Natural extracts have been used in several traditional medicine applications and culinary purposes. Their biological properties (antioxidant and antimicrobial) are due to the presence of several active aromatic compounds. Herein, different natural extracts were evaluated, namely structural and thermal characterization and biological activity, in its natural form and incorporated into a polymeric matrix, to assess their effective potential as additives for active food packaging. While rosemary presented the highest thermal stability with a degradation starting at 327°C, lemon balm extract was the less stable (180°C). Regarding the thiobarbituric acid assay, all extracts presented antioxidant activity, in oxidative hemolysis inhibition; anise, cinnamon, and clove extract did not present any action. Overall, the results demonstrated that leaves (rosemary and green tea) and the rhizome (curcumin) are the plant parts with the best performance. Therefore, extracts from aromatic plants are promising natural additives that can be incorporated into polymeric matrices to produce active food packaging film, increasing products shelf‐life.
W‐oxo Adamantylidenes: Stable Molecular Precursors for Efficient Silica‐Supported Metathesis Catalysts
Authors: Nater Darryl F. , Boudjelel Maxime , Lätsch Lukas , Schrock Richard R. , Copéret Christophe
Published: February 2022

Tungsten oxo adamantylidenes (=Ad) are a new class of readily accessible alkylidenes, that opens the possibility to evaluate a broader class of molecular and supported olefin metathesis catalysts. In this context, W(O)(=Ad)X2, with X=pyrrolide and perfluoro‐tert‐butoxide, were grafted on partially dehydroxylated silica, to generate the corresponding silica‐supported tungsten oxo adamantylidenes. The high thermal stability of the molecular perfluoro‐tert‐butoxide complex, that exists as a dimer in the solid state, even enables its grafting through sublimation. Evaluation of their catalytic activities toward olefin metathesis using standardized protocols show that these supported species display high activity toward internal and terminal olefins. In particular, avoiding the use of solvent during grafting of the highly electrophilic perfluoro‐tert‐butoxide compounds, that can bind to the W center, enable to generate significantly more active catalysts.
The dynamic use of a balanced scorecard in an Italian public hospital
Authors: Bassani Gaia , Leardini Chiara , Campedelli Bettina , Moggi Sara
Published: February 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to analyse the dynamic use of the balanced scorecard (BSC) in an Italian public hospital.

Design/Methodology/Approach

A longitudinal case study was conducted at an Italian public teaching hospital over a period of 5 years. The emergence of dynamic use of BSC was traced over a different combination of social, political, economic and organizational realities. A deeper understanding of these realities requires the adoption of a holistic approach to BSC use. Henri's types of system use (i.e., monitoring, attention focussing, strategic decision‐making and legitimizing) frame this approach in a more concrete manner.

Findings

This study adds to the debate on whether BSC is used for aspects other than monitoring in public contexts. The case study offers the first example of a legitimizing use of the system and a first longitudinal case study that traces a dynamic use of BSC: the use evolves from monitoring and attention focussing to monitoring and legitimization. Norms, political parties and top managers play a determining role in this process.

Originality/Value

Through a longitudinal approach, this study presents how BSC can be a dynamic tool steered by legitimacy pressures. The longitudinal study explores how social, political, economic and organizational context shape the implementation and the revision of BSC affecting the use of the tool by top managers. The browse of this dynamism is supported by Henri's type of use along with an in‐depth analysis of the BSC literature evolution in terms of its ‘static, dynamic and expected’ use.
Effects of resistance training intensity on muscle quantity/quality in middle‐aged and older people: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Otsuka Yuta , Yamada Yosuke , Maeda Akifumi , Izumo Takayuki , Rogi Tomohiro , Shibata Hiroshi , Fukuda Masahiro , Arimitsu Takuma , Miyamoto Naokazu , Hashimoto Takeshi
Published: February 2022

Background

A sarcopenia diagnosis is confirmed by the presence of low muscle quantity or quality under the 2018 revised definition by the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People 2. Imaging methods [i.e. magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)], dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA), and bioelectrical impedance analysis are tools to evaluate muscle quantity or quality. The present study aimed to investigate whether and how low‐intensity and moderate‐intensity resistance training improved both muscle quantity and quality measured by MRI, DXA, and segmental bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (S‐BIS) in middle‐aged and older people.

Methods

A single‐blind, randomized, controlled trial was conducted. Community‐dwelling people aged 50–79 years were randomly allocated to no exercise (no‐Ex), low‐intensity exercise (low‐Ex), and moderate‐intensity exercise (moderate‐Ex) groups. Participants in the exercise groups performed resistance training for 24 weeks, with loads of 40% and 60% of one repetition maximum in the low‐Ex and moderate‐Ex groups, respectively. Cross‐sectional area (CSA), lean mass, and muscle electrical properties on S‐BIS were used to determine the effects of training interventions on muscle quantity and quality of the lower limbs.

Results

Fifty participants (no‐Ex 17, age 63.5 ± 8.5 years, women 47.1%; low‐Ex 16, age 63.6 ± 8.1 years, women 50.0%; moderate‐Ex 17, age 63.5 ± 8.3 years, women 52.9%) completed the 24 week exercise intervention. For the primary outcome, significant intervention effects were found in thigh muscle CSA on MRI between the moderate‐Ex and no‐Ex groups (+6.8 cm2, P < 0.01). Low‐Ex for 24 weeks only increased quadriceps CSA (+2.3 cm2, P < 0.05). The per cent change of thigh muscle CSA (+7.0%, P < 0.01) after 24 week moderate‐Ex was higher than that of leg lean mass on DXA (+2.3%, P = 0.088). Moderate‐Ex for 24 weeks also improved S‐BIS electrical properties related to muscle quantity and quality, including the intracellular resistance index (+0.1 cm2/Ω, P < 0.05), membrane capacitance (+0.7 nF, P < 0.05), and phase angle (+0.3 deg, P < 0.05); their changes were positively correlated with that of thigh muscle CSA (P < 0.01).

Conclusions

Resistance exercise with moderate intensity improved muscle quantity and quality measured by MRI and S‐BIS, whereas that with low intensity only increased muscle quantity in middle‐aged and older people. The comparisons among the responses to exercise between the assessment methods indicate the greater value of MRI and S‐BIS to measure changes of muscle quantity and quality than of lean mass measured by DXA for assessing the local effects of resistance training.
Histology of the stomach in the Caucasian squirrel, a scanning electron microscope and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Massoud Ehab , El‐Kott Attalla , Morsy Kareem , Massoud Diaa
Published: February 2022

This study was performed to investigate the gross anatomy, histochemistry, and immunohistochemistry of the stomach in the Caucasian squirrel. A total of five male squirrels were included. The obtained results showed that the shape of the stomach was acutely crescent and consisted of four regions namely; cardiac, fundus, body, and pylorus. The stomach glandular and its wall was consisted of four layers; serosa, muscularis, submucosa, and mucosa. All part of the mucosa was covered by a simple columnar epithelium. Furthermore, gastric glands were of the simple tubular type. The mucous cells of the fundic and body regions were PAS‐positive. In the lower third of the gastric glands, parietal, and chief cells were identified. The number of chief cells was increased toward the pyloric area. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the fundus region contained many plicae and grooves and each plica carried numerous glands opening. In the body region, cells were polygonal and formed network‐like structures. In the pyloric region, a mucosal ridge between the body and antrum and a thick mucosal crest on the lesser curvature were identified. Immunohistochemical staining showed that Sox9 was strongly expressed in the fundic region, however, its expression in the body and pylorus was moderate to weak. In conclusion, there are some similarities and differences between the stomach of the Caucasian squirrel and other mammals including rodents. The obtained results may enhance our basic knowledge regarding the feeding habits and digestive system histophysiology of this species.