bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Four cases of Morbihan disease successfully treated with doxycycline
Authors: Okubo Ayaka , Takahashi Kazuhiro , Akasaka Toshihide , Amano Hiroo
Published: February 2017

Morbihan disease (MD) is rosacea‐like disease characterized by persistent lymphedema on the upper half of the face. Currently, there is no established standard treatment for MD. Recently, MD has been reported to be associated with the infiltration of mast cells. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of treatment response and mast cell infiltration in MD. We report four cases of MD that were successfully treated with long‐term oral doxycycline therapy.
Serum cytokeratin 19 fragment 21‐1 is a useful tumor marker for the assessment of extramammary Paget's disease
Authors: Kato Junji , Sumikawa Yasuyuki , Hida Tokimasa , Kamiya Takafumi , Horimoto Kohei , Kamiya Shiori , Sato Sayuri , Takahashi Hitomi , Sawada Masahide , Yamashita Toshiharu
Published: February 2017

Cytokeratin 19 fragment 21‐1 (CYFRA 21‐1) has been used as a tumor marker for several malignancies. However, to date, no studies have assessed whether CYFRA 21‐1 could be a useful marker for extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD). The present study aimed to evaluate the significance of CYFRA 21‐1 as a serum tumor marker for EMPD progression. Concentrations of serum CYFRA 21‐1 and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in 13 cases of EMPD were measured prior to undergoing treatment at Sapporo Medical University Hospital from January 2014 to May 2016. Four of the 13 patients had lymph node metastases at diagnosis, but none had distant metastases. Immunohistochemistry indicated that all 13 primary tumors and four metastatic tumors in lymph nodes were positive for cytokeratin 19. Although none of the 13 patients showed high serum CEA levels, six patients (46.2%) had elevated serum CYFRA 21‐1. Furthermore, CYFRA 21‐1 was reduced in association with post‐treatment tumor reduction in all six patients. Among these six patients, four developed recurrence and metastasis during the follow‐up period. CYFRA 21‐1 was re‐elevated in all four of these patients; however, serum CEA was elevated only in the patient with distant metastasis. These results suggest that CYFRA 21‐1 is more sensitive compared with CEA, and can be useful as a tumor marker for evaluating tumor progression and treatment efficacy in patients with EMPD.
Informed consent in emergency care research: An oxymoron?
Authors: Furyk Jeremy S , Lawton Luke D , Ting Joseph YS , McD Taylor David
Published: February 2017

Emergency care needs to be underpinned by the highest quality evidence. However, research involving critically ill patients in the emergency setting has unique ethical, logistical and regulatory issues. Informed consent is a well‐established principle in conventional research. In this article, we discuss informed consent as it pertains to the difficulties of research in the emergency setting. Alternatives to informed consent are discussed. Human research ethics committees require a greater understanding of consent issues in emergency care research for Australia to remain competitive internationally.
Acute appendicitis in adults: Diagnostic accuracy of emergency doctors in a university hospital in Hong Kong
Authors: Leung Yuk‐ki , Chan Cangel PY , Graham Colin A , Rainer Timothy H
Published: February 2017

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of ED doctors with variable training levels in detecting acute appendicitis, without access to advanced imaging in admitted patients with acute abdominal pain in a university hospital of Hong Kong.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed on data collected from prospectively identified patients presenting to the ED with acute abdominal pain and admitted to either a surgical or emergency medical ward between December 2011 and October 2012. Their ED diagnoses with regard to acute appendicitis status were compared with their final diagnoses on discharge from hospital. The gold standard was a histopathological diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The diagnostic accuracy was compared against that generally achieved by computed tomography (CT) scanning in other studies (93–98%), the best diagnostic test currently available for acute appendicitis. A good diagnostic test should have an overall accuracy rate of at least 95%.

Results

A total of 1653 patients were included in the study. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ED physicians’ diagnosis of acute appendicitis were 81% (73–87%), 84% (82–86%), 31% (28–34%) and 98% (97–99%), respectively, giving an overall diagnostic accuracy of 84% (82–85%). The overall accuracy for separate female and male cohorts were 79% (76–82%) and 89% (83–91%), respectively.

Conclusions

Diagnostic accuracy of emergency doctors with variable training levels and no access to advanced imaging in a Hong Kong hospital in detecting appendicitis in patients with acute abdominal pain is higher in male patients than in female patients, but lower than that achieved by CT scanning.
Functional Applications of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes in the Fruit and Vegetable Processing Industries
Authors: Toushik Sazzad Hossen , Lee Kyung‐Tai , Lee Jin‐Sung , Kim Keun‐Sung
Published: February 2017

Cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin (carbohydrate), and lignin (noncarbohydrate) polymers are the main substrates of lignocellulose‐degrading enzymes. They are present in large amounts in the primary cell wall and dietary fibers of major fruits and vegetables. During processing of fruits and vegetables to the corresponding final food products, lignocellulosic substrates are hydrolyzed by different lignocellulolytic enzymes. Currently, lignocellulolytic enzymes such as cellulases, xylanases, pectinases, and laccases are extensively used during the processing of fruits and vegetables, in applications like texturizing and flavoring of products in the food industries. The present article provides an updated overview of functional applications of lignocellulolytic enzymes in the juice processing, oil extraction, and alcoholic beverage processing industries. Extensive use of lignocellulolytic enzymes in different food processing industries not only accelerates the production rates but also improves product quality. It is also possible to ensure the efficient use of fruits and vegetables globally by employing lignocellulolytic enzymes in the corresponding processing industries to convert them into food commodities, which will not only raise their economic value in the global market but also increase food availability, which will help mitigate nutritional problems worldwide.
The Global Pollen Project: a new tool for pollen identification and the dissemination of physical reference collections
Authors: Martin Andrew C. , Harvey William J.
Published: February 2017

The study of fossil and modern pollen assemblages provides essential information about vegetation dynamics in space and time. A major methodological component of these studies is the identification of pollen grains to plant family, genus and species. This identification is achieved through the use of pollen keys and reference collections of physical specimens, which are regional in scope, disparate and incomplete, slowing the identification process. Reference material is also held in museums and research institutions, where access can be limited. Identification is particularly challenging for those new to the field, such as graduate students.

To aid the identification of pollen grains, and provide virtual access to reference material, we present a new online tool: the Global Pollen Project (https://globalpollenproject.org). The project aims to enable people to share and identify pollen grains and through this, will create an open, free and accessible reference library for pollen identification.

The online tool has been developed as an open, peer‐reviewed database of global pollen, where content and expertise is crowdsourced from across the world. The tool enables: (i) the submission and identification of unknown pollen grains; (ii) the submission and digitisation of existing ‘physical’ reference collections and (iii) the availability of a free public database of pollen images and their metadata, for use in scientific research and education. The tool connects to external services, including the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and Neotoma Palaeoecology Database, to provide botanical descriptions and occurrence data for each taxon, alongside pollen images and metadata.

The database currently holds information for over 1500 species, from Europe, the Americas and Asia. As the collection grows, we envision easier pollen identification, and greater use of the database for novel research on pollen morphology and other characteristics, especially when linked to other palaeoecological databases, such as Neotoma.
Analysis of risk factors in the development of bronchopleural fistula after major anatomic lung resection: experience of a single centre
Authors: Nachira Dania , Chiappetta Marco , Fuso Leonello , Varone Francesco , Leli Ilaria , Congedo Maria T. , Margaritora Stefano , Granone Pierluigi
Published: February 2017

Background

The bronchopleural fistula (BPF) is a rare but potentially fatal complication of major thoracic surgery. The purpose of this work is to investigate the risk factors associated with the development of fistulas after lobectomy and pneumonectomy.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the records of 835 patients who underwent major anatomic lung resection at our centre from January 2003 to December 2013. Of these, 49 underwent pneumonectomy (P group) and 786 lobectomy (L group).

Results

A total of 18 patients (2.6%) developed a BPF in the postoperative period, of which there were 11 in the L group (1.3%) and seven in the P group (14.28%). The 30‐day mortality was 0.05% (one patient after right pneumonectomy). In the L group, three patients developed a fistula after a left lobectomy and eight after a right one, of which four developed after bilobectomy. Univariate analysis showed that induction therapy, lower lobectomy, manual suture of the bronchus, ‘not covered’ bronchial stump, empyema, postoperative anaemia and pulmonary infections and mechanical ventilation >24 h are associated with the development of fistulas after lobectomy. Multivariate analysis confirmed that induction therapy, manual closure of the bronchus, postoperative pulmonary infections and anaemia are the main risk factors involved in our series. In the P group, four patients developed a fistula after a right pneumonectomy and three after a left one. Postoperative empyema and pulmonary infections, mechanical ventilation >24 h and female gender emerged as the main risk factors on univariate analysis, while on multivariate analysis, only the female gender presented a trend towards significance.

Conclusions

Postoperative pulmonary infections, empyema and mechanical ventilation >24 h are strongly associated with the development of BPFs after both pneumonectomy and lobectomy in our series.
An Informational Right to the City? Code, Content, Control, and the Urbanization of Information
Authors: Shaw Joe , Graham Mark
Published: February 2017

Henri Lefebvre talked of the “right to the city” alongside a right to information. As the urban environment becomes increasingly layered by abstract digital representation, Lefebvre's broader theory warrants application to the digital age. Through considering what is entailed by the urbanization of information, this paper examines the problems and implications of any “informational right to the city”. In directing Tony Benn's five questions of power towards Google, arguably the world's most powerful mediator of information, this paper exposes processes that occur when geographic information is mediated by powerful digital monopolies. We argue that Google currently occupies a dominant share of any informational right to the city. In the spirit of Benn's final question—“How do we get rid of you?”—the paper seeks to apply post‐political theory in exploring a path to the possibility of more just information geographies.
Letter: can addition of an immunomodulator really reverse antibody formation and loss of response in patients treated with adalimumab? Authors’ reply
Authors: Ben‐Horin S. , Ungar B. , Roblin X.
Published: February 2017

Linked Content

This article is linked to Ungar et al and Bendtzen and Steenholdt papers. To view these articles visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13862 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.13921.
Political dependence, social scrutiny, and corporate philanthropy: Evidence from disaster relief
Authors: Gao Yongqiang , Hafsi Taïeb
Published: February 2017

This study explores why and how firms respond to social demands through philanthropic giving in the context of a severe natural disaster. Drawing on Marquis and Qian's organizational response model to government signals, we integrate resource dependence theory and institutional theory to build a two‐step model of organizational response to social needs, in situations of disaster relief. We argue that firms depending more on the government for support are more likely to donate in disaster relief, while firms who receive more scrutiny from the government and the general public and firms having more slack resources are likely to donate more. Evidence from Chinese listed companies' donations to the 2008 Sichuan earthquake largely supports our predictions. This study provides a more precise understanding of the corporate philanthropic decision process, decoupling the drivers of philanthropic giving, and those determining the amount given. Theoretical and practical implications are suggested.
Lateral Ridge Augmentation Using Autogenous Block Grafts and Guided Bone Regeneration: A 10‐Year Prospective Case Series Study
Authors: Chappuis Vivianne , Cavusoglu Yeliz , Buser Daniel , von Arx Thomas
Published: February 2017

Background

The use of autogenous block grafts harvested from intraoral donor sites has proven to be effective for the reconstruction of horizontal bone defects.

Purpose

The objective of this study was to analyze implant success and the rate of block graft resorption 10 years after ridge augmentation to elucidate contributing factors influencing graft maintenance.

Materials and Methods

A staged horizontal block graft augmentation was performed in 52 implant sites exhibiting severe horizontal bone atrophy using autogenous block grafts protected by DBBM and collagen membranes. The crest width was assessed intraoperatively at surgery and at re‐entry after 6 months. At the 10 year reexamination clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed using cone beam computed tomography.

Results

The 10‐year implant success rate amounted to 98.1%, with minimal peri‐implant bone loss (−0.17 mm for the maxilla, −0.09 mm for the mandible). The surface resorption rate after 10 years was 7.7% (0.38 mm). Grafts originating from the chin demonstrated significantly better graft maintenance at 10 years compared to retromolar grafts. Recipient site and age had no significant impact on graft resorption, whereas females showed more bone loss at the 10‐year examination.

Conclusions

Lateral ridge augmentation using autogenous block grafts and guided bone regeneration demonstrated a favorable success rate of 98.1% with minimal block graft resorption of 7.7% after 10 years. Modulating factors were origin of the graft and gender.
Anisotropic domain structures of Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbZrO3–PbTiO3 single crystals with high ferroelectric phase transition temperature
Authors: He Wenhui , Jiang Tong , Li Qiang , Xi Xiaoqing , Yan Qingfeng
Published: February 2017

The anisotropic domain structures and local piezoresponse of rhombohedral Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbZrO3–PbTiO3 single crystals with high ferroelectric phase transition temperature (TFE‐FE≥120°C) were systematically investigated by vector piezoresponse force microscopy. The typical size of labyrinthine domain pattern for [001]C sample was in the range of 100‐200 nm, revealing its relaxor feature. While the [011]C sample exhibited ordered ribbon‐shaped domain pattern with preferential alignment along <011> direction since the modulation effect of polar nanoregions. For [111]C sample, it had messy and featureless domain patterns. For as‐grown crystal, the incorporation of Zr4+ cation in Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3–PbTiO3 system resulted in that the long‐range coulomb interactions of the charged ions in the short range order regions were weakened, leading to an increased relaxor feature. Concurrently, the incorporation of Zr4+ cation enhanced the Pb‐B repulsion intensity, resulting in an improved TFE‐FE. Temperature‐dependent properties of as‐grown crystal exhibited good temperature stability from 30 to 120°C, indicating it is a promising material for actuator and ultrasonic transducer applications.
Proteomic analysis of serum biomarkers for prediabetes using the Long‐Evans Agouti rat, a spontaneous animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Takahashi Eri , Unoki‐Kubota Hiroyuki , Shimizu Yukiko , Okamura Tadashi , Iwata Wakiko , Kajio Hiroshi , Yamamoto‐Honda Ritsuko , Shiga Tomoko , Yamashita Shigeo , Tobe Kazuyuki , Okumura Akinori , Matsumoto Michihiro , Yasuda Kazuki , Noda Mitsuhiko , Kaburagi Yasushi
Published: February 2017

Aims/Introduction

To identify candidate serum molecules associated with the progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus, differential serum proteomic analysis was carried out on a spontaneous animal model of type 2 diabetes mellitus without obesity, the Long‐Evans Agouti (LEA) rat.

Materials and Methods

We carried out quantitative proteomic analysis using serum samples from 8‐ and 16‐week‐old LEA and control Brown Norway (BN) rats (n = 4/group). Differentially expressed proteins were validated by multiple reaction monitoring analysis using the sera collected from 8‐, 16‐, and 24‐week‐old LEA (n = 4/each group) and BN rats (n = 5/each group). Among the validated proteins, we also examined the possible relevance of the human homolog of serine protease inhibitor A3 (SERPINA3) to type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Results

The use of 2‐D fluorescence difference gel electrophoresis analysis and the following liquid chromatography‐multiple reaction monitoring analysis showed that the serum levels of five proteins were differentially changed between LEA rats and BN rats at all three time‐points examined. Among the five proteins, SERPINA3N was increased significantly in the sera of LEA rats compared with age‐matched BN rats. The serum level of SERPINA3 was also found to be significantly higher in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients than in healthy control participants. Furthermore, glycated hemoglobin, fasting insulin and estimated glomerular filtration rate were independently associated with the SERPINA3 levels.

Conclusions

These findings suggest a possible role for SERPINA3 in the development of the early stages of type 2 diabetes mellitus, although further replication studies and functional investigations regarding their role are required.
Diagnostic agreement and interobserver concordance with teledermoscopy referrals
Authors: Dahlén Gyllencreutz J. , Paoli J. , Bjellerup M. , Bucharbajeva Z. , Gonzalez H. , Nielsen K. , Sandberg C. , Synnerstad I. , Terstappen K. , Wennberg Larkö A.‐M.
Published: February 2017

Background

Malignant melanoma and non‐melanoma skin cancers are among the fastest increasing malignancies in many countries. With the help of new tools, such as teledermoscopy referrals between primary health care and dermatology clinics, the management of these patients could be made more efficient.

Objective

To evaluate the diagnostic agreement and interobserver concordance achieved when assessing referrals sent through a mobile teledermoscopic referral system as compared to referrals sent via the current paper‐based system without images.

Methods

The referral information from 80 teledermoscopy referrals and 77 paper referrals were evaluated by six Swedish dermatologists. They were asked to answer questions about the probable diagnosis, the priority, and a management decision.

Results

Teledermoscopy generally resulted in higher diagnostic agreement, better triaging and more malignant tumours being booked directly to surgery. The largest difference between the referral methods was seen for invasive melanomas. Referrals for benign lesions were significantly more often correctly resent to primary health care with teledermoscopy. However, referrals for cases of melanoma in situ were also incorrectly resent five times. The interobserver concordance was moderate with both methods.

Conclusion

By adding clinical and dermoscopic images to referrals, the triage process for both benign and dangerous skin tumours can be improved. With teledermoscopy, patients with melanoma especially can receive treatment more swiftly.
Use of topical glucocorticoids: a population‐based cohort study
Authors: El‐Khoury M. , Thay R. , N'Diaye M. , Fardet L.
Published: February 2017

Background

Little is known about the prescriptions of topical glucocorticoids in the general population.

Objectives

To report an overall picture of topical glucocorticoid prescriptions in France.

Methods

This study used the Echantillon Généraliste de Bénéficiaires (EGB) database, a 1/97th random sampling of the French population covered by the main national healthcare insurance system (approximately 90% of the whole population). All patients prescribed topical glucocorticoids over a 5‐year period (1 January 2011 to 31 December 2015) were identified using a specific code list for topical glucocorticoids.

Results

Over the 5‐year study period, 662 531 individuals were recorded for at least 1 day in the EGB. Among them, 220 345 (33.3%) were prescribed at least once topical glucocorticoid. The prevalence of topical glucocorticoid prescription increased regularly from 2011 (11.7%) to 2015 (12.5%). A total of 922 026 tubes of topical glucocorticoids were dispensed, mainly high‐potency glucocorticoids, and were mainly prescribed by general practitioners (73.1%). A total of 1713 (0.8%) patients were prescribed at least 24 tubes over a calendar year. These patients were more frequently men (P < 0.001) and older (P < 0.001) than the overall population of patients prescribed topical glucocorticoids. The 124 844 tubes prescribed to these patients had stronger potency than those prescribed to the overall population (P < 0.001) and were mostly prescribed by general practitioners (68.1%). The reasons for prescription were available for only 371 patients (21.7%) and were mainly psoriasis, auto‐immune bullous dermatoses and eczema.

Conclusion

About 12% of the French general population is prescribed topical glucocorticoids at least once each year. Most prescriptions are issued by general practitioners, dermatologists being the prescribers in less than one‐quarter of cases.
Depression Case Finding in Individuals with Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Goodarzi Zahra S. , Mele Bria S. , Roberts Derek J. , Holroyd‐Leduc Jayna
Published: February 2017

Objectives

To compare the diagnostic accuracy of depression case finding tools with a criterion standard in the outpatient setting among adults with dementia.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Setting

Studies of older outpatients with dementia.

Participants

Elderly outpatients (clinic and long‐term care) with dementia (N = 3,035).

Measurements

Prevalence of major depression and diagnostic accuracy measures including sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios.

Results

From the 11,539 citations, 20 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 15 for a meta‐analysis. Tools included were the Montgomery Åsberg Depression Rating Scale, Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD), Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES‐D), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS), Single Question, Nijmegen Observer‐Rated Depression Scale, and Even Briefer Assessment Scale–Depression. The pooled prevalence of depression in individuals with dementia was 30.3% (95% CI = 22.1–38.5). The average age was 75.2 (95% CI = 71.7–78.7), and mean Mini‐Mental State Examination scores ranged from 11.2 to 24. The diagnostic accuracy of the individual tools was pooled for the best‐reported cutoffs and for each cutoff, if available. The CSDD had a sensitivity of 0.84 (95% CI = 0.73–0.91) and a specificity of 0.80 (95% CI = 0.65–0.90), the 30‐item GDS (GDS‐30) had a sensitivity of 0.62 (95% CI = 0.45–0.76) and a specificity 0.81 (95% CI = 0.75–0.85), and the HDRS had a sensitivity of 0.86 (95% CI = 0.63–0.96) and a specificity of 0.84 (95% CI = 0.76–0.90). Summary statistics for all tools across best‐reported cutoffs had significant heterogeneity.

Conclusion

There are many validated tools for the detection of depression in individuals with dementia. Tools that incorporate a physician interview with patient and collateral histories, the CSDD and HDRS, have higher sensitivities, which would ensure fewer false‐negatives.
Albuminuria in Association with Cognitive Function and Dementia: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Georgakis Marios K. , Dimitriou Nikolaos G. , Karalexi Maria A. , Mihas Constantinos , Nasothimiou Efthimia G. , Tousoulis Dimitrios , Tsivgoulis Georgios , Petridou Eleni Th.
Published: February 2017

Objectives

Cerebral microvascular disease is considered to contribute to cognitive dysfunction. We opted to explore whether albuminuria, a marker of systemic microangiopathy, is associated with cognitive impairment, dementia, and cognitive function.

Design

Systematic review; independent reviewers screened 2359 articles, derived through the search strategy, for identification of observational studies quantifying an association of albuminuria with the outcomes of interest, abstracted data on study characteristics and results and evaluated studies on quality using the Newcastle‐Ottawa scale.

Setting

Community.

Participants

Adults.

Mesurements

Cognitive impairment and dementia, defined by validated neuropsychological tests or clinical guidelines, respectively, and cognitive function, assessed by validated instruments.

Results

Thirty‐two eligible studies were identified. Albuminuria was associated with cognitive impairment (Odds Ratio (OR): 1.35, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.19–1.53; 7,852 cases), dementia (OR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.10–1.65; 5,758 cases), clinical Alzheimer's disease (OR: 1.37, 95% CI: 1.11–1.69; 629 cases) and vascular dementia (OR: 1.96, 95% CI: 1.16–3.31; 186 cases); the effect remained significant among longitudinal, population‐based and high quality studies. Time‐to‐event analysis on prospective studies of non‐demented at baseline individuals also showed a significant association with incident dementia (Risk Ratio: 1.52, 95% CI: 1.16–1.99; 971 cases). Worse global cognitive performance (Hedge's g: −0.13, 95% CI: −0.18, −0.09; 68,348 subjects) and accelerated cognitive decline (g: −0.20, 95% CI: −0.34, −0.07; 31,792 subjects) were noted among subjects with albuminuria, who also scored lower in executive function, processing speed, verbal fluency, and verbal memory.

Conclusions

Albuminuria was independently associated with cognitive impairment, dementia and cognitive decline. The stronger effects for vascular dementia and cognitive performance in domains primarily affected by microvascular disease support that the association could be mediated by shared microvascular pathology in the kidney and the brain.
Distinct Cognitive Trajectories in the First Year After Hip Fracture
Authors: Beishuizen Sara J. E. , van Munster Barbara C. , de Jonghe Annemarieke , Abu‐Hanna Ameen , Buurman Bianca M. , de Rooij Sophia E.
Published: February 2017

Objectives

Change in cognitive functioning is often observed after hip fracture. Different patterns, with both improvement and decline, are expected, depending on premorbid cognitive functioning and events that occur during hospitalization. These patterns are unknown and important for older hip fracture patients with different levels of premorbid cognitive functioning.

Design, Setting, Participants, Measurements

We conducted a secondary analysis of a multi‐center randomized controlled trial. 302 consecutive patients aged 65–102 years old, admitted for hip fracture surgery, were enrolled. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) was obtained at hospital admission, at discharge, and at 3 and 12 months after discharge. Cognitive trajectories were identified with Group Based Trajectory Modelling, using the repeated MMSE measurements as outcome variable. To illustrate the specific characteristics of this relative novel methodological approach, it was contrasted with results obtained from linear mixed effects modeling.

Results

146 (48.3%) patients had premorbid cognitive impairment and 85 patients (28.1%) experienced delirium during admission. Three distinct cognitive trajectories were identified and labeled based on different MMSE course over time: improvement (57.9%), stable (28.1%), and rapid decline (13.9%), with an annual MMSE change of 1.7, 0.8, and −3.5 points respectively. With mixed effects modeling an overall annual increase of 0.7 MMSE points was estimated for the group as a whole.

Conclusion

Three distinct cognitive trajectories were identified in a population of older hip fracture patients. These trajectory groups can be used as a starting point to inform patients and caregivers on the possible prognosis after hip fracture. Group based trajectory modelling is a useful technique when the purpose is to describe patterns of change within a population and a variety of trajectories are expected to exist.
Trends in dietary intake among adults with type 2 diabetes: NHANES 1988–2012
Authors: Casagrande S. S. , Cowie C. C.
Published: February 2017

Background

Dietary recommendations for adults with diabetes are to follow a healthy diet in appropriate portion sizes. We determined recent trends in energy and nutrient intakes among a nationally representative sample of US adults with and without type 2 diabetes.

Methods

Participants were adults aged ≥20 years from the cross‐sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1988–2012 (N = 49 770). Diabetes was determined by self‐report of a physician's diagnosis (n = 4885). Intake of energy and nutrients were determined from a 24‐h recall by participants of all food consumed. Linear regression was used to test for trends in mean intake over time for all participants and by demographic characteristics.

Results

Among adults with diabetes, overall total energy intake increased between 1988–1994 and 2011–2012 (1689 kcal versus 1895 kcal; Ptrend < 0.001) with evidence of a plateau between 2003–2006 and 2011–2012. In 2007–2012, energy intake was greater for younger than older adults, for men than women, and for non‐Hispanic whites versus non‐Hispanic blacks. There was no change in the percentage of calories from carbohydrate, total fat or protein. Percentage of calories from saturated fat was similar across study periods but remained above recommendations (11.2% in 2011–2012). Fibre intake significantly decreased and remained below recommendations (Ptrend = 0.002). Sodium, cholesterol and calcium intakes increased. There was no change in energy intake among adults without diabetes and dietary trends were similar to those with diabetes.

Conclusions

Future data are needed to confirm a plateau in energy intake among adults with diabetes, although the opportunity exists to increase fibre and reduce saturated fat.
The nature and prevalence of catatonic symptoms in young people with autism
Authors: Breen J. , Hare D. J.
Published: February 2017

Background

A proportion of young people with autism are reported to show catatonic‐like symptoms in adolescence. The aetiology and prevalence of such presentations is unknown but include a set of behaviours that can best be described as attenuated.

Method

The current study empirically investigated the presence and nature of such attenuated behaviours in children and adolescents with autism using a newly developed 34‐item third party report measure, the Attenuated Behaviour Questionnaire. Caregivers or parents of young people with autism reported on the presentation of symptoms via the online completion of the Attenuated Behaviour Questionnaire and two established clinical measures of repetitive behaviour and depression.

Results

Initial results indicate that the Attenuated Behaviour Questionnaire is a workable clinical measure in this population with a degree of discriminant validity with regard to catatonia. Attenuated behaviour indicative of catatonia was relatively common in young people with autism with up to 20.2% having an existing diagnosis of catatonia and evidence of a relationship between attenuated behaviours and measures of depression and repetitive and restricted behaviours.

Conclusion

Catatonic symptoms are more prevalent in young people with autism than previously thought, and the Attenuated Behaviour Questionnaire has potential as a clinical and research tool.
Preoperative assessment of factors associated with difficulty in performing total laparoscopic hysterectomy
Authors: Saito Ako , Hirata Tetsuya , Koga Kaori , Takamura Masashi , Fukuda Shinya , Neriishi Kazuaki , Pastorfide Gia , Harada Miyuki , Hirota Yasushi , Wada‐Hiraike Osamu , Fujii Tomoyuki , Osuga Yutaka
Published: February 2017

Aim

Our objective was to determine the preoperative factors associated with difficulty in total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH).

Methods

This retrospective clinical study included 157 patients who underwent TLH for leiomyoma or adenomyosis between 2009 and 2013. All patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before surgery. We categorized patients as ‘difficult’ if the operation time was > 243 min, if total blood loss was > 500 mL, or if conversion to laparotomy was necessary. Preoperative information, including MRI findings, was compared between the difficult and ‘other’ patients. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to control for covariates that were significant on univariate analysis (P < 0.05).

Results

The presence of an endometrioma, a previous cesarean section (CS), a wide uterus, and a high body mass index were independent risk factors for being a difficult patient. For adenomyosis patients, the presence of an endometrioma, a prior CS, subtype II adenomyosis, and high body mass index were independent risk factors for being a difficult patient. For leiomyoma patients, the presence of an endometrioma, a prior CS, and having at least seven leiomyomas were independent risk factors for being a difficult patient. All laparotomy conversion patients had multiple risk factors.

Conclusion

We have elucidated the factors associated with difficult TLH patients using patients' background and preoperative MRI findings. Awareness of these predictive factors may enable surgeons to prepare for the operation, minimize complications, or choose another more appropriate route of hysterectomy than TLH.
The Marginal Fit of CAD/CAM Monolithic Ceramic and Metal‐Ceramic Crowns
Authors: Freire Yolanda , Gonzalo Esther , Lopez‐Suarez Carlos , Suarez Maria J.
Published: February 2017

Purpose

Studies on the marginal fit of monolithic restorations are limited. This study aimed to evaluate the marginal fit among monolithic zirconia, monolithic lithium disilicate, and conventional metal‐ceramic crowns and to compare the buccal and lingual surfaces.

Materials and Methods

Thirty standardized stainless steel master dies were fabricated (height: 5 mm; convergence: 6°; chamfer: 1 mm). The dies were randomly divided into three groups (n = 10 each) according to the material used to construct the crowns: group 1 (LM): Lava Plus; group 2 (DM): IPS e.max CAD; and group 3 (MC): Metal‐ceramic. The crowns were luted in a standard manner onto the stainless steel master dies using conventional glass ionomer cement. The vertical marginal gap of the restorations was evaluated under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) at 500x magnification. One‐way ANOVA, Tukey´s HSD test, and Student's paired t test were used to assess the marginal discrepancy among the groups. The cutoff value for statistical significance was set at α = 0.05.

Results

Significant differences among the three groups (p = 0.0001) were recorded. DM group showed the lowest discrepancies (27.95 ± 9.37 μm). Significant differences were observed for the buccal (p = 0.007) and lingual (p = 0.0001) surfaces between the DM group and the other groups.

Conclusions

The accuracy of fit achieved for the three groups was within the range of clinical acceptance. IPS e.max CAD showed the lowest discrepancies.
Religious Quest Orientation and Anti‐Gay Sentiment: Nuancing the Relationship Between Religiosity and Negative Attitudes Toward Homosexuality Among Young Muslims and Christians in Flanders
Authors: Van Droogenbroeck Filip , Spruyt Bram , Siongers Jessy , Keppens Gil
Published: February 2017

Public opinion research has repeatedly shown that religious people generally report more prejudice against homosexuality. However, previous research exploring the general mechanisms that underpin this relationship mostly relied on Christian samples in North America. Studies outside North America are few in number and limited in the forms of religiosity they address. Of all indicators that have been studied so far, a religious quest orientation was found to be the only one negatively related to anti‐gay sentiments. This leaves open the question whether the mechanisms for different forms of religiosity can also be found outside North America. Against that background this research note assesses how religious quest orientation, self‐rated religiosity, religious behavior, and authoritarianism are related to prejudice against homosexuality among Christian and Muslim youth aged 14–23 in Flanders (N = 2,834). This study is the first that investigates the relationship between religious quest orientation and anti‐gay sentiments among Muslims. For both Christians and Muslims, we found that even taking into account a wide range of social background and religious characteristics, having a religious quest orientation is related to less prejudice toward homosexuality.
A comprehensive review of Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum: ecology, pathology and prevention
Authors: Hickey Michael E. , Lee Jung‐Lim
Published: February 2017

Vibrio (Listonella) anguillarum is a marine bacteria that is pathogenic to a number of aquatic organisms including several species which are important to the aquaculture industry. Organisms that are infected by V. anguillarum are diagnosed with vibriosis which can be lethal in a matter of days. Vibriosis can be particularly devastating to aquaculture businesses and measures of prevention or treatment are generally quite expensive. Efforts to understand and control V. anguillarum virulence have been of high‐priority among international aquatic research studies. The knowledge that has accumulated as a result of this collective research effort is reviewed in this article.
Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease 2017 Report
Authors: Vogelmeier Claus F. , Criner Gerard J. , Martinez Fernando J. , Anzueto Antonio , Barnes Peter J. , Bourbeau Jean , Celli Bartolome R. , Chen Rongchang , Decramer Marc , Fabbri Leonardo M. , Frith Peter , Halpin David M.G. , López Varela M. Victorina , Nishimura Masaharu , Roche Nicolas , Rodriguez‐Roisin Roberto , Sin Don D. , Singh Dave , Stockley Robert , Vestbo Jørgen , Wedzicha Jadwiga A. , Agusti Alvar
Published: February 2017

ABSTRACT

This Executive Summary of the Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management and Prevention of COPD, Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2017 Report focuses primarily on the revised and novel parts of the document. The most significant changes include: (i) the assessment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease has been refined to separate the spirometric assessment from symptom evaluation. ABCD groups are now proposed to be derived exclusively from patient symptoms and their history of exacerbations; (ii) for each of the groups A to D, escalation strategies for pharmacological treatments are proposed; (iii) the concept of de‐escalation of therapy is introduced in the treatment assessment scheme; (iv)non‐pharmacological therapies are comprehensively presented and (v) the importance of co‐morbid conditions in managing COPD is reviewed.
Connecting Veterans at Risk for Suicide to Care Through the HOME Program
Authors: Matarazzo Bridget B. , Farro Samantha A. , Billera Melodi , Forster Jeri E. , Kemp Janet E. , Brenner Lisa A.
Published: February 2017

The Home‐Based Mental Health Evaluation (HOME) program, which engages veterans in care following psychiatric hospitalization, was evaluated. Thirty‐four veterans who participated in the HOME program were compared to 34 veterans from a matched archival control group on treatment engagement and implementation outcomes. Veterans who participated in the HOME program were significantly more likely to engage in care, engaged in care more quickly, and attended significantly more individual mental health appointments. Veterans reported high levels of satisfaction. Results suggest that the HOME program is effective at engaging veterans in care during the high‐risk period of time following psychiatric hospitalization.
Supporting the development of empathy: The role of theory of mind and fantasy orientation
Authors: Brown Melissa McInnis , Thibodeau Rachel B. , Pierucci Jillian M. , Gilpin Ansley Tullos
Published: February 2017

Theory of mind (ToM) and empathy are separate, but related components of social understanding. However, research has not clearly defined the distinctions between them. Similarly, related constructs, such as fantasy orientation (FO), are associated with better ToM understanding; however, little is known about how FO may provide a context in which both ToM and affective empathy develop. Children between the ages of 3 and 5 (N = 82) completed a battery of ToM, empathy, and FO measures. Results demonstrated a developmental progression from ToM to affective empathy: 3‐year‐olds were likely to have neither, 4‐year‐olds were likely to have ToM only, and 5‐year‐olds were likely to have both. Additionally, results indicated that FO predicted affective empathy above and beyond ToM ability, suggesting that children whose play is high in fantasy are more practiced than their peers in sharing emotions. These findings are discussed in terms of how children's propensity toward fantasy play may contribute to their social development.
Efficacy of artesunate + sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine and artemether + lumefantrine and dhfr and dhps mutations in Somalia: evidence for updating the malaria treatment policy
Authors: Warsame Marian , Hassan Abdikarim Hussein , Hassan Abdillahi Mohamed , Arale Abdulkadir Mohamed , Jibril Ali Mohamed , Mohamud Said Abdulkadir , Barrette Amy , Muse Abdikarim Yusuf , Yusuf Fahmi Essa , Nada Rania A. , Amran Jamal Ghilan Hefzullah
Published: February 2017

Objective

To determine the therapeutic efficacy of artesunate + sulphadoxine/pyrimethamine (AS + SP) and artemether + lumefantrine (AL), and to investigate the presence of molecular mutations associated with resistance, to inform national malaria treatment policy.

Methods

One‐arm prospective studies were conducted in three study sites in Somalia in 2013 and 2015 to evaluate the efficacy of AS + SP and AL among patients with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Outcomes included clinical and parasitological response over 28 days, and the presence of dihydrofolate reductase (dfhr) and dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) and mutations.

Results

Among patients treated with AS + SP, the PCR‐corrected treatment failure rate was 12.3%. The majority of patients (89%) carried either the quintuple mutations (51I/108N + 437G/540E/581G or 51I/59R/108N + 437G/540E) or the quadruple mutation (51I/108N + 437G/540E). All patients who failed treatment with AS + SP carried the quintuple mutation (51I/108N + 437G/540E/581G). In the studies of AL, the PCR‐corrected treatment failure rate was <6%. All patients in both treatment groups cleared their parasitaemia by day 3.

Conclusions

The findings demonstrate a failing first‐line treatment (AS + SP), with a failure rate above the threshold (10%) for policy change, and a high prevalence of quintuple mutations. In contrast, AL was highly efficacious. Based on these findings and the results from a previous AS + SP study, AL was selected to replace AS + SP as the first‐line treatment for uncomplicated malaria in Somalia in 2016. Dihydroartemisinin + piperaquine (DHA + PPQ) has been recommended as the second‐line treatment. Routine monitoring of recommended ACTs should continue to inform treatment policy.
Spherocytic shift of red blood cells during storage provides a quantitative whole cell–based marker of the storage lesion
Authors: Roussel Camille , Dussiot Michaël , Marin Mickaël , Morel Alexandre , Ndour Papa Alioune , Duez Julien , Le Van Kim Caroline , Hermine Olivier , Colin Yves , Buffet Pierre A. , Amireault Pascal
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

Storage lesion may explain the rapid clearance of up to 25% of transfused red blood cells (RBCs) in recipients. Several alterations affect stored RBC but a quantitative, whole cell–based predictor of transfusion yield is lacking. Because RBCs with reduced surface area are retained by the spleen, we quantified changes in RBC dimensions during storage.

STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS

Using imaging flow cytometry we observed the dimension and morphology of RBCs upon storage, along with that of conventional biochemical and mechanical markers of storage lesion. We then validated these findings using differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy and quantified the accumulation of microparticles (MPs).

RESULTS

Mean projected surface area of the whole RBC population decreased from 72.4 to 68.4 µm2, a change resulting from the appearance of a well‐demarcated subpopulation of RBCs with reduced mean projected surface (58 µm2, 15.2%‐19.9% reduction). These “small RBCs” accounted for 4.9 and 23.6% of all RBCs on Days 3 and 42 of storage, respectively. DIC microscopy confirmed that small RBCs had shifted upon storage from discocytes to echinocytes III, spheroechinocytes, and spherocytes. Glycophorin A–positive MPs and small RBCs appeared after similar kinetics.

CONCLUSION

The reduction in surface area of small RBCs is expected to induce their retention by the spleen. We propose that small RBCs generated by MP‐induced membrane loss are preferentially cleared from the circulation shortly after transfusion of long‐stored blood. Their operator‐independent quantification using imaging flow cytometry may provide a marker of storage lesion potentially predictive of transfusion yield.
Evaluation of the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score to predict outcome in dogs with newly diagnosed lymphoma
Authors: Fontaine S. J. , McCulloch E. , Eckersall P. D. , Haining H. , Patterson Kane J. C. , Morris J. S.
Published: February 2017

The modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS) assigns a numerical value (0–2) from pre‐treatment serum concentrations of C‐reactive protein (CRP) and albumin to predict patient outcome. CRP and albumin were evaluated in 77 untreated dogs with lymphoma to determine the relationship of mGPS to clinicopathological parameters and whether it could predict progression‐free (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in treated dogs. mGPS distribution was significantly associated with clinical stage, substage b, weight loss, gastrointestinal disturbances and lethargy at presentation.

On univariate analysis, mGPS was significantly associated with OS and PFS, with shorter median survival times for mGPS 2 compared to mGPS 0 and 1 combined. Hypoalbuminaemia significantly reduced OS and PFS, however increased CRP had no effect. Only clinical stage was significantly associated with OS and PFS on both univariate and multivariate analysis. mGPS has potential prognostic value for canine lymphoma , but further studies are needed.