bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pigmentación exógena por nitrato de plata: aspectos dermatológicos y toxicológicos, a propósito de un caso
Authors: Londoño Ángela , Pérez Camila , Restrepo Rodrigo , Morales Nathalie , Martínez Miguel , Morales Daniela
Published: June 2021

La pigmentación exógena por nitrato de plata es una enfermedad poco frecuente, cuyas manifestaciones clínicas pueden aparecer años después del contacto, lo que en ocasiones dificulta su diagnóstico. Se caracteriza por la presencia de máculas o placas azul-grisáceas en la piel o las mucosas de la zona de contacto que, en ocasiones, son muy similares a las lesiones melanocíticas y al melanoma, sus principales diagnósticos diferenciales.Se reporta el caso de un paciente de Medellín, Colombia, con antecedentes familiares de melanoma y presencia de estas lesiones en todo el cuerpo.
Shoreline Change Analysis along the Udupi-Dakshina Kannada Coastal Stretch in Karnataka, West Coast of India using DSAS
Authors: Anjita N.A. , Dwarakish G.S.
Published: June 2021

Study of morphological variations and the effects of oceanographic processes such as erosion and accretion at different temporal scales are important to understand the nature of the coast and the cyclic changes occurring during different seasons. The Udupi-Dakshina Kannada coast along the west coast of India exhibits a wide range of changes depending on the interactions of tide and wave energy, sediment supply and more importantly human intervention. In view of this, the present work has been carried out to study the changes in shoreline changes along the Udupi-Dakshina Kannada coast over a period of 29 years from 1990 to 2019. Remote Sensing and GIS techniques have been used to demarcate shorelines and calculate the shoreline change rates. Overall accretion and erosion rates were found to be 1.28 m/year and 0.91 m/year respectively along the coast. Highest accretion and erosion rates of 12.57 m/year and 5.34 m/year was noticed along the Dakshina Kannada coast. The study also suggests that multi-dated satellite data along with statistical techniques can be effectively used for prediction of shoreline changes.

Keywords: remote sensing, GIS, Dakshina Kannada coast, oceanography, shoreline.
Impact of COVID-19 on water and sanitation in Mumbai slums.
Authors: Bera Sougata , Sherly M.A. , Kumar Janadri Kiran
Published: June 2021

Mumbai City (19.07° N, 72.87° E) is the true example of ‘diversity in extreme level’. This well-known city is commonly known as the financial capital of India and is the 12th richest city in the world. Mumbai city (Municipal Corporation of Greater Mumbai or MCGM) spreads around 437.5 km2, with 12.5 million population as per Census 2011, with a population density of 83,660 per km2 and approximately 6.5 million are living in the slums without proper access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH). There is a debatable topic, ‘water is a blessing or a curse?’ We know water means life but in monsoon season these views might lead to conflicts. Mumbai alone has recorded 585.5 mm precipitation in July resulting in severe flooding across the city. The slum communities of Mumbai are at the receiving end of these erratic patterns due to inefficient drainage and lack of basic facilities.

This pandemic situation has proved again the urgency of WASH. WHO has already listed the COVID-19 virus as one of the most contagious diseases which has been spreading exponentially due to the poor toilet facilities, lack of access to clean water and unhygienic activities in slums. The survey data from different slum communities configures their perception related to WASH and our study links it with the pandemic and the resultant adaptive capacity ranking. Although most of the Mumbai slum has a good literacy rate (69%) but lack of awareness among these slum communities lead to a vulnerable situation. The slum clusters of Mumbai have become COVID-19 hotspots and also resulted in losses of jobs and human lives. Through FCM (Fuzzy Cognitive Mapping) and SWOT analysis, the study discovers present social, technical, and economic aspects and perception of these slum communities to analyze their adaptive capacity towards COVID-19.

Keywords: WASH, COVID-19, Slum, Mumbai
Stabilization of black cotton soil using coconut fiber
Authors: Arathi K.U. , Arhulya K.M. , Vinaya V. , Pooja P.V. , Athira V.V.
Published: June 2021

Black cotton soil is a soil with low bearing capacity, swelling and shrinkage characteristics. Due to its peculiar characteristics, it forms a very poor foundation material. As black cotton soil is an expansive soil; it creates problem for lightly loaded structure than moderately loaded structure. Through this project, we are trying to study the improvements in the properties of soil by adding coconut fiber of varying percentages. Tests will be conducted to determine liquid limit and unconfined compression strength. Stabilization of soil is an effective method for improving the properties of soil. It has great significance in the future projects.

Keywords: Soil stabilization, CBR, Atterberg limits
Climate change impacts on agriculture dominated Canadian watershed
Authors: Jeyalakshmi Saranya , Beegum Sahila
Published: June 2021

Agricultural water management plays a vital role in the food production and food security(Abbaspour, et al. 2007).Improper management of agriculture leads to local or far field water quality.Runoff from an agriculture land is considerably enriched with different kinds of nutrients, sediments, and pesticides. Nutrient loadings carried with the runoff has caused eutrophication to various degrees and scales, from small and large bays around the Great Lakes (e.g., Green Bay in Lake Michigan) to wide-scale eutrophication in some of the Great Lakes themselves (e.g., Lake Erie)(Inamdar, S.  and Naumov, A. 2006)..Water quality and watershed management programs are highly benefitted from simulation models since the advent of computer-based watershed models( Daggupati et al. 2018). To this extent, present study used Soil and Water assessment Tool (SWAT) to investigate the climate change impacts on nutrient loadings primarily occur from runoff from a Canadian agriculture dominated watershed. We found that non-point source pollutants especially total N and total P originating from agriculture land is decreasing during mid and late century projections. Streamflow during winter and fall is projected to increase compared to historical period.

Keywords: SWAT modeling, climate change impact, non-point source pollution
Conflict in commons: collective action and institutions
Authors: Sarkar Sukumar
Published: June 2021

Common pool resources (CPRs) are safe-guards and foundation for rural livelihood especially for the developing nations like India. Cooperation is needed to conserve CPRs due to its very features. Community institutions sometimes face conflicts to conserve commons cost-effectively. But, conflicts may simultaneously help and hamper the local governance of commons. For empirical verification, we have conducted a primary survey on 419 users of canal water, community forest and tank water in 11 CPRs dependent villages from West Bengal, India. We observed positive relations between conflict and collective action in conservation of commons. This finding seems to be conflicting with the notion that, conflict undermines collective action and therewith the potential for sustainability. We examined and found that successful informal communities are more conflictive and at the same time cooperative than formal one. The occurrences of supply, demand and policy side conflicts and conflict resolution methods are also not significantly different between formal and informal institutions. Therefore, conflict and informal institution have some positive impact for the successful conservation. We suggest that authorities have to study the nature and types of conflicts before implementing rules and institutional arrangements thereafter. Keywords – collective action, institutions, commons, conflicts, conservation
COVID -19 and its environmental impacts
Authors: Parrey Imtiyaz Rasool
Published: June 2021

This analysis aims to show the impact of COVID-19 on the environment, particularly in the countries, which are deadly affected by COVID-19, such countries include China, USA, Italy, and Spain. Our experiment suggested that there are significant contingency measures and improvements in air quality, clean beaches, rivers, and environmental noise reduction. However, on the other side, there are some negative effects of COVID -19 such as the reduction in cycling, large waste, fishing, unemployment. In order to build back, better UN has given six climate-related actions to shape the recovery for the future.
Comprehensive evaluation of wheat operation during COVID-19 outbreak in Pakistan.
Authors: Aslam Muhammad Shahzad , Cui Lifeng , Ijaz Muhammad , Ubaid Saima
Published: June 2021

The whole world is confronting under extreme danger from COVID-19 pandemic. Which spread rapidly including an agro-based developing state like Pakistan. Right now this year "Rabi" crop season has safely ended during this pandemic. Wheat-crop operations are depended on environmental conditions and different operational safety measures. Farmworkers are the key individuals, as they are exposed to various environmental, health, safety, biological, and respiratory hazards. Due to COVID-19, there are about more than three thousand (3000) mortalities and one hundred eight thousand (18, 0000) plus persons have been effected, however this number increases further rapidly. The key purpose of this review-study is to highlight the timely adopted safe strategies and their impacts on the yield of wheat along with farmworkers under some Standard Operational Procedures (SOPs) during wheat operations, enabling food security, self-sustainably and securing of farmers in the context of COVID-19. Various actions have been taken worldwide, but a developing state like Pakistan with minimum resources, has made well-organized planning and strategies to sustain the production of wheat with public awareness. We highlighting government efforts to-combat this fatal pandemic, where it has directly impacted the crop yield and also the economy of the state. Whereas, especially during this period, uplifting of economy through agriculture sector, needs to overcome the same management deficiencies from other sectors. Pakistani Government has adopted and implemented different key steps for fighting against COVID-19 include: i. Government command along with incentive approach, ii. Mutual coordination among stakeholders, local governments, and farmers, iii. Continuous inspection setup, and iv. Provide adequate personal protective equipment (PPE).
Constraints Faced by the Rice Farmer Beneficiaries of Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana (RKVY) in Adoption of Recommended Angrau Technologies
Authors: Usha M. , Rambabu P. , Krishna T. Gopi , Luther M. Martin , Rao V. Srinivasa
Published: June 2021

This study aimed to assess the constraints faced by rice farmers under RKVY, their suggestions and a strategy was developed to overcome the constraints. The present study was conducted in 3 districts viz Srikakulam, Nellore and West Godavari of Andhra Pradesh. Ex post facto research design was used and data was collected through interview schedule from 240 farmers. Collected data is analyzed using Garett test and other suitable statistical tools. Multiple responses were considered to ascertain the constraints faced by the rice growers in adoption of recommended technologies of Acharya NG Ranga Agricultural University (ANGRAU). The constraints faced by the rice growers in adoption of recommended technologies are classified into 5 categories viz., Personnel constraints, Bio physical constraints, Socio-Economic Constraints, Marketing constraints and Organizational constraints. The major constraints perceived by the farmers among different categories were Labour scarcity & high wage rates during peak periods, less mass media exposure, interference of middlemen and Epidemics of pest & diseases. The suggestions given by the farmers were prioritization of agricultural activities in MGNREGA scheme, Conduct of hands on experience training programs on usage of ICT tools and social media for browsing information related to agriculture, Setting up of sufficient number of public purchase points at local level by the government, Conducting sufficient number of practical oriented season long training programs during crop period and Provision of timely updates regarding fluctuations in market prices. A suitable strategy was evolved addressing the various constraints which would be helpful for the policy makers, researchers, extension functionaries to plan and modify the extension programs so as to mitigate these constraints faced by the rice farmers and thereby to augment rice production.
Air Pollution Assessment of a Gas Flare Site in the Niger Delta Region
Authors: Ehumadu Chioma Olivia , Lucky Uyigue , Onyedikachukwu Ndekwu Benneth
Published: June 2021

Aim: The aim of this research was to investigate the level of air pollutants generated from a gas flaring plant in Ogbogu and Ebocha communities of Rivers State, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.

Study design:  Seven monitoring stations were selected for Air quality monitoring, which involved measurement of basic air quality index and meteorological parameters using standard meteorological Equipment. Monitoring locations were selected with respect to the prevailing wind direction from the flare point. The following measurements were conducted;

Gas emission: CO, SO2, NO2, VOC, CH4, H2S, NH3

Meteorological: Humidity, Wind Velocity, Wind direction, Atmospheric Pressure, Heat Radiation and Smoke density.

Place and duration of study: This study was carried out in Ogba/Egbema/Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State. This area was chosen for this study because of the high volume of petroleum activities. Oil and gas processing, production, transportation and utilization for power generation occur daily in the area resulting in numerous cases of environmental degradation and pollution.

Methodology: A multigas Detector MSA Orion is used to monitor the different gases at 20m, 50m, 100m, 500m, and 700m. A Krestel Extech model 45112 mutli-parameter air quality equipment is used to determine the direction of wind flow and speed at a particular location.

Results: The gases flared are in decreasing order of NOx,>SOx,>CO>VOC >SMP at increasing distance. This implies that the health of the people in the study area is affected negatively especially those living very close at 20- 100m distance to the flare site since the gases are occurring at levels higher towards the allowable limits of FEPA. The quantity of carbon emitted by these flares is about 2,525,000.00 tons of carbon per day. These values portray a bad omen for the affected communities. This study recommends that gas flaring should be seen as violent action against the people and that the flared gas should be channeled to meeting the ever increasing demand for energy in the industrial sector of the economy.

Conclusion: It is safe to conclude that gas flaring not only produces excessive heat which alters the temperature of the environment, but also causes gaseous pollutants to be present in the environment and this may have adverse effects on the inhabitants and thus on the socio-economic activities of Ebocha community. The temperature of the environment returns to normal at about 450m away from the flare stack. Residential buildings should therefore be located and agricultural activities should be encouraged within this range of distance.
New‐onset Crohn's disease after interleukin‐17A inhibitor therapy with secukinumab: A report of an unusual case
Authors: Wu Tung‐Lung , Hsu Hui‐Ting , Yen Hsu‐Heng , Chen Yang‐Yuan
Published: June 2021

A 32‐year‐old man with a history of arthropathic psoriasis had regular follow‐up checkups and medications to control his arthropathic psoriasis at our rheumatology outpatient department. He had diarrhea for 20 days and visited our gastroenterology outpatient department. On the basis of the colonoscopy findings, a diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease (Crohn's disease) was made. We reviewed his medical history and found that he had used secukinumab 2 months before. Pathological examination revealed chronic colitis with severe activity, compatible with inflammatory bowel disease. The biologic was shifted from secukinumab to adalimumab. His diarrhea gradually improved in the following 3 months. A follow‐up colonoscopy 6 months after revealed remission of the ileal and colonic ulcers.
Condition‐dependent male copulatory courtship and its benefits for females
Authors: Cargnelutti Franco , Reyes Ramírez Alicia , Cristancho Shara , Sandoval‐García Iván A. , Rocha‐Ortega Maya , Calbacho‐Rosa Lucía , Palacino Freddy , Córdoba‐Aguilar Alex
Published: June 2021

Postcopulatory sexual selection has shaped the ornaments used during copulatory courtship. However, we know relatively little about whether these courtship ornaments are costly to produce or whether they provide indirect benefits to females. We used the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor, to explore this. We challenged males using an entomopathogenic fungus and compared their courtship (frequency of leg and antennal contacts to the female), copulation duration, number of eggs laid, and hatching rate against control males. Infected males copulated for longer yet they reduced their leg and antennal contacts compared to control males. However, there was no obvious relation between infection, copulation duration, and courtship with egg production and hatching success. In general, our results indicate that the ornaments used during postcopulatory courtship are condition‐dependent. Moreover, such condition dependence cannot be linked to male fitness.
Chalcone derived benzoheterodiazepines for medicinal applications: A Two‐pot and one‐pot synthetic approach
Authors: Farooq Saba , Ngaini Zainab
Published: June 2021

The production of effective drugs has continuously been a challenging process for researchers due to the occurrence of resistive diseases. Drugs derived from natural product‐based compounds as an active scaffold have gained interest in drug development due to a wide range of biological properties. Benzoheterodiazepines, a natural product derivative of bicyclic chalcones have been widely reported with various therapeutic potentials. This review discusses current synthetic methods in the preparation of benzoheterodiazepine derivatives (i.e., homocyclic benzoheterodiazepine, heterocyclic benzoheterodiazepine, bis‐benzoheterodiazepine, and fused benzoheterodiazepine) via two‐pot and one‐pot synthetic routes. Several reaction protocols following both synthetic routes have been developed for efficient and higher yields that offer access to different functionalization of benzoheterodiazepines are comprehensively described. This review is important in the heterocyclic chemistry of benzoheterodiazepines and pharmacological industries in drug development processes.
Mucopolysaccharidoses type I gene therapy
Authors: Hurt Sarah C. , Dickson Patricia I. , Curiel David T.
Published: June 2021

Mucopolysaccharidoses type I (MPS I) is an inherited metabolic disease characterized by a malfunction of the α‐l‐iduronidase (IDUA) enzyme leading to the storage of glycosaminoglycans in the lysosomes. This disease has longtime been studied as a therapeutic target for those studying gene therapy and many studies have been done using various vectors to deliver theIDUAgene for corrective treatment. Many vectors have difficulties with efficacy and insertional mutagenesis concerns including adeno‐associated viral (AAV) vectors. Studies of AAV vectors treating MPS I have seemed promising, but recent deaths in gene therapy clinical trials for other inherited diseases using AAV vectors have left questions about their safety. Additionally, the recent modifications to adenoviral vectors leading them to target the vascular endothelium minimizing the risk of hepatotoxicity could lead to them being a viable option for MPS I gene therapy when coupled with gene editing technologies like CRISPR/Cas9.
Fine structure of a tiny gymnophalloid miracidium (Digenea)
Authors: Smirnov Peter A. , Dobrovolskij Andrey A.
Published: June 2021

We elucidate the morphology of the miracidia with passive strategy of infection. In contrast to the well‐studied “active” free‐swimming larvae (e.g., those of Schistosoma, Fasciola, Echinostoma), “passive” miracidia do not search for their hosts in the external environment. The infection occurs only after the mollusk ingests the eggs with the larvae. The miracidia of this type are extremely miniaturized organisms whose somatic elements are reduced compared to the “active” forms. The details of the structure are unknown for the majority of taxa with “passive” larvae. Here, we provide the first description of a gymnophalloid miracidium based on ultrastructural data. The larva of Parvatrema affinis Jameson & Nicoll, 1913 consists of 21 cells. Its nervous and excretory systems are reduced to the extreme level. Its penetration apparatus includes two crystalloid gland‐cells, unique among digeneans. The “true” epithelium of its body wall is a novelty never described for any other miracidium. We compare the structure of gymnophalloid and bucephaloid miracidia trying to determine possible ancestral features of the larvae in this digenean lineage and trends of their evolution.
Digital economy, technological innovation, and green economic efficiency—Empirical evidence from 277 cities in China
Authors: Li Jinlin , Chen Litai , Chen Ying , He Jiawen
Published: June 2021

Based on the panel data of 277 cities in China from 2011 to 2018, this paper constructs the digital economy index and the green economy efficiency index. The research found the following: first, the digital economy has significantly improved the efficiency of the green economy in the region. Second, the digital economy has a greater impact on the efficiency of the green economy in the eastern region and large cities than in the central and western regions and small cities. Third, technological innovation is an important way for digital economy to improve the efficiency level of green economy.
Bayesian Network Oriented Transfer Learning Method for Credit Scoring Model
Authors: Iwai Koichi , Akiyoshi Masanori , Hamagami Tomoki
Published: June 2021

Credit scoring model (CSM) is a risk management tool that assesses the credit worthiness of a customer borrower by estimating her probability of default based on historical data. Traditionally CSM is built by logit model or decision tree algorithm in financial companies, and in recent studies CSM has been integrated with machine learning algorithms such as random forest and gradient boosting to process a number of complex attributes of customer borrowers. On the other hand, CSM has been facing a critical challenge ‐ the domain adaptation of customer borrowers. For domain adaptation problem, transfer learning techniques are generally utilized, however, it is quite difficult to execute precise predictions for unknown domain datasets in CSM because the distributions of labels could be different depending on the characteristics of domains. Therefore, there is no appropriate transfer learning method to solve domain adaptation problem in credit scoring. In this paper we propose a comprehensive transfer learning framework using Bayesian network to extract useful knowledge based on probability distributions to predict probability of default of customer borrowers more precisely than existing machine learning and transfer learning methods. Experimental results showed the proposed method performed over the existing machine learning and transfer learning methods for accuracy of predictions. © 2021 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Subjects Focusing on Practical Work
Authors: Danielsson Kristina , Selander Staffan
Published: June 2021

In this section, we use two Swedish examples.
Summary of PART II
Authors: Danielsson Kristina , Selander Staffan
Published: June 2021

Based on the model presented here for multimodal text analysis, we have analyzed a number of texts from a variety of subjects.
Social Sciences
Authors: Danielsson Kristina , Selander Staffan
Published: June 2021

Geography is a school subject that embraces both natural sciences and social sciences, as well as the crossroads between the two.
The KiK Case: A Critical Perspective from the South
Authors: Azeem Muhammad
Published: June 2021

Labour in Global South countries often has meagre social security protections and almost no representation in domestic legislatures. To address this deficit, labour law’s clear orientation towards “distributive justice” and emphasis on constitutionally protected freedom of association and collective bargaining rights have been core values for workers and labour movements in the South. Over the course of the last century, labour law has increasingly sought to assure “distributive justice” by departing from the confines of “corrective justice” and the slippery “ethical” basis of private law in both civil and common law systems. This chapter asks how both multinational corporations’ (MNCs) recent turn toward the use of codes of conduct in regards to labour and working conditions (labour codes) and, correspondingly, activists’ increasing reliance on the private law doctrines of tort and damages to resolve labour disputes, dilutes labour law’s focus on “distributive justice.” What problems and challenges do these shifts cause for labour law practice and theory? Taking the KiK case as an example, this chapter applies a critical legal perspective to address these questions.
Legal Interventions and Transnational Alliances in the Ali Enterprises Case: Struggles for Workers’ Rights in Global Supply Chains
Authors: Saage-Maaß Miriam
Published: June 2021

This article highlights the persistence of exploitative working conditions in global supply chains resulting from the constant need to externalise costs and increase consumption with a view to sustaining the “imperial lifestyle” of people in the Global North. While the law structures today’s global value chains and is designed to secure the economic interests of Global North companies that sit at the top of most of such chains, it also bears considerable potential for transformation and empowerment. The different legal interventions around the 2012 Ali Enterprises factory fire demonstrate that law is not only a direct product of dominant class interests, but that it can also open up opportunities for resistance and emancipatory struggle. Written from the perspective of one of the actors closely involved in the legal struggle for justice that followed the Ali Enterprises factory fire, both in terms of building transnational alliances as well as in the litigation itself, this chapter critically reflects on the achievements of the legal interventions carried out and also attempts to develop criteria for a holistic approach to what is often called strategic litigation.
The Rana Plaza Collapse and the Case for Enforceable Agreements with Apparel Brands
Authors: Vanpeperstraete Ben
Published: June 2021

Disasters like the Rana Plaza collapse and the Tazreen Fashions and Ali Enterprises fires painfully demonstrate the limits of conventional models of labour regulation in global supply chains. Buyer-driven markets characterised by outsourcing, subcontracting and offshoring, and the price pressure that results from them, undermines both the regulatory role of the state and the potential for collective bargaining. As a result, poor and unsafe working conditions prevail in transnational corporate supply chains in the garment industry. The aforementioned disasters offer a textbook example of the challenges facing the current clothing industry and the limits of the dominant “Corporate Social Responsibility” (CSR) model used to address labour rights abuses.

Yet, the responses to these disasters also provide fertile ground for alternative “worker-driven” strategies, where worker organisations enter into negotiated supply chain agreements with transnational corporations and hold the latter to account. The Bangladesh Accord and Rana Plaza Arrangement, as well as the corollary Tazreen Compensation Agreement and Ali Enterprises Compensation Agreement attempt to develop a counter-hegemonic alternative to dominant CSR practices and offer new strategies for social justice within global supply chains. This chapter describes and contextualises these agreements in a broader trajectory of labour organisations bargaining and negotiating such agreements with lead firms, highlighting how the post-Rana Plaza momentum made significant strides possible in terms of the depth, scope and enforceability of these negotiated agreements. The chapter identifies the strengths of these developments, but also identifies room for improvement for future negotiated enforceable agreements with apparel brands.
Skizzen und Fragmente für eine dekoloniale politische Bildung
Authors: Kleinschmidt Malte
Published: June 2021

Zusammenfaasung

Der hier vorliegende Text zielt darauf ab, Impulse für die Konzeption einer dekolonial ausgerichteten politischen Bildung zu entwickeln, die aus meiner Perspektive als eigenständiges Feld notwendig erscheint und als fundamentaler Bestandteil einer sich als kritisch verstehenden politischen Bildung (Lösch/Thimmel 2010) anerkannt werden sollte. Gleichzeitig kann sie auch als eine Dekolonisierung der gegenwärtig hegemonialen politischen Bildung gelesen werden. Um die Implikationen meiner empirischen Ergebnisse für die politische Bildung zu kontextualisieren, beziehe ich mich im gesamten Kapitel auf bestehende Ansätze dekolonialer – wenngleich natürlich hochpolitisch, nicht explizit der Fachdisziplin der Didaktik der politischen Bildung zugeordneten – Bildungsperspektiven, im deutschsprachigen Raum vertreten beispielsweise durch María do Mar Castro Varela oder Patricia Baquero Torres.
The structure of IR divergences in celestial gluon amplitudes
Authors: González Hernán A. , Rojas Francisco
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The all-loop resummation of SU(N) gauge theory amplitudes is known to factorize into an IR-divergent (soft and collinear) factor and a finite (hard) piece. The divergent factor is universal, whereas the hard function is a process-dependent quantity.

We prove that this factorization persists for the corresponding celestial amplitudes. Moreover, the soft/collinear factor becomes a scalar correlator of the product of renormalized Wilson lines defined in terms of celestial data. Their effect on the hard amplitude is a shift in the scaling dimensions by an infinite amount, proportional to the cusp anomalous dimension. This leads us to conclude that the celestial-IR-safe gluon amplitude corresponds to a expectation value of operators dressed with Wilson line primaries. These results hold for finite N.

In the large N limit, we show that the soft/collinear correlator can be described in terms of vertex operators in a Coulomb gas of colored scalar primaries with nearest neighbor interactions. In the particular cases of four and five gluons in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 SYM theory, where the hard factor is known to exponentiate, we establish that the Mellin transform converges in the UV thanks to the fact that the cusp anomalous dimension is a positive quantity. In other words, the very existence of the full celestial amplitude is owed to the positivity of the cusp anomalous dimension.
Electroweak axion string and superconductivity
Authors: Abe Yoshihiko , Hamada Yu , Yoshioka Koichi
Published: June 2021

Abstract

We study the axion strings with the electroweak gauge flux in the DFSZ axion model and show that these strings, called the electroweak axion strings, can exhibit superconductivity without fermionic zeromodes. We construct three types of electroweak axion string solutions. Among them, the string with W-flux can be lightest in some parameter space, which leads to a stable superconducting cosmic string. We also show that a large electric current can flow along the string due to the Peccei-Quinn scale much higher than the electroweak scale. This large current induces a net attractive force between the axion strings with the same topological charge, which opens a novel possibility that the axion strings form Y-junctions in the early universe.
The forgotten channels: charged Higgs boson decays to a W± and a non-SM-like Higgs boson
Authors: Bahl Henning , Stefaniak Tim , Wittbrodt Jonas
Published: June 2021

Abstract

The presence of charged Higgs bosons is a generic prediction of multiplet extensions of the Standard Model (SM) Higgs sector. Focusing on the Two-Higgs-Doublet-Model (2HDM) with type I and lepton-specific Yukawa sectors, we discuss the charged Higgs boson collider phenomenology in the theoretically and experimentally viable parameter space. While almost all existing experimental searches at the LHC target the fermionic decays of charged Higgs bosons, we point out that the bosonic decay channels — especially the decay into a non-SM-like Higgs boson and a W boson — often dominate over the fermionic channels. Moreover, we revisit two genuine BSM effects on the properties of the discovered Higgs boson — the charged Higgs contribution to the diphoton rate and the Higgs decay to two light Higgs bosons — and their implication for the charged Higgs boson phenomenology. As main result of the present paper, we propose five two-dimensional benchmark scenarios with distinct phenomenological features in order to facilitate the design of dedicated LHC searches for charged Higgs bosons decaying into a W boson and a light, non-SM-like Higgs boson.
Complement as driver of systemic inflammation and organ failure in trauma, burn, and sepsis
Authors: Mannes Marco , Schmidt Christoph Q. , Nilsson Bo , Ekdahl Kristina N. , Huber-Lang Markus
Published: June 2021

Complement is one of the most ancient defense systems. It gets strongly activated immediately after acute injuries like trauma, burn, or sepsis and helps to initiate regeneration. However, uncontrolled complement activation contributes to disease progression instead of supporting healing. Such effects are perceptible not only at the site of injury but also systemically, leading to systemic activation of other intravascular cascade systems eventually causing dysfunction of several vital organs. Understanding the complement pathomechanism and its interplay with other systems is a strict requirement for exploring novel therapeutic intervention routes. Ex vivo models exploring the cross-talk with other systems are rather limited, which complicates the determination of the exact pathophysiological roles that complement has in trauma, burn, and sepsis. Literature reporting on these three conditions is often controversial regarding the importance, distribution, and temporal occurrence of complement activation products further hampering the deduction of defined pathophysiological pathways driven by complement. Nevertheless, many in vitro experiments and animal models have shown beneficial effects of complement inhibition at different levels of the cascade. In the future, not only inhibition but also a complement reconstitution therapy should be considered in prospective studies to expedite how meaningful complement-targeted interventions need to be tailored to prevent complement augmented multi-organ failure after trauma, burn, and sepsis.

This review summarizes clinically relevant studies investigating the role of complement in the acute diseases trauma, burn, and sepsis with important implications for clinical translation.
Cause of Extreme Heavy and Persistent Rainfall over Yangtze River in Summer 2020
Authors: Pan Xiao , Li Tim , Sun Ying , Zhu Zhiwei
Published: June 2021

Record-breaking heavy and persistent precipitation occurred over the Yangtze River Valley (YRV) in June-July (JJ) 2020. An observational data analysis has indicated that the strong and persistent rainfall arose from the confluence of southerly wind anomalies to the south associated with an extremely strong anomalous anticyclone over the western North Pacific (WNPAC) and northeasterly anomalies to the north associated with a high-pressure anomaly over Northeast Asia. A further observational and modeling study has shown that the extremely strong WNPAC was caused by both La Niña-like SST anomaly (SSTA) forcing in the equatorial Pacific and warm SSTA forcing in the tropical Indian Ocean (IO). Different from conventional central Pacific (CP) El Niños that decay slowly, a CP El Niño in early 2020 decayed quickly and became a La Niña by early summer. This quick transition had a critical impact on the WNPAC. Meanwhile, an unusually large area of SST warming occurred in the tropical IO because a moderate interannual SSTA over the IO associated with the CP El Niño was superposed by an interdecadal/long-term trend component. Numerical sensitivity experiments have demonstrated that both the heating anomaly in the IO and the heating anomaly in the tropical Pacific contributed to the formation and maintenance of the WNPAC. The persistent high-pressure anomaly in Northeast Asia was part of a stationary Rossby wave train in the midlatitudes, driven by combined heating anomalies over India, the tropical eastern Pacific, and the tropical Atlantic.
The pro-export effect of subnational migration networks: new evidence from Spanish provinces
Authors: D’Ambrosio Anna , Montresor Sandro
Published: June 2021

The paper investigates the effect that subnational networks of immigrants and emigrants had on exports from Spanish provinces (NUTS3) over the period of 2007–2016 by integrating state-of-the-art advances in the gravity model literature. In particular, it allows for heterogeneity in provincial export capacity, which significantly reduces pro-export effects, and select the Poisson Pseudo-Maximum Likelihood as the most suitable estimator according to diagnostic tests. When both immigration and emigration are instrumented, the pro-export effect of immigrants found by previous studies vanishes and that of emigrants, instead, appears appreciable. The results obtained suggest that over the period that encompasses the double-deep crisis, immigrants did not show significant information and enforcement effects in the considered context, while the effects of emigrant demand for home-country goods may have been important. The prevalence of emigrant over immigrant effects appears attributable to a change in the composition of the migration stocks over the considered period of crisis.
Die Regulierung der Einführung invasiver gebietsfremder Arten durch Biofouling an der Schnittstelle
zwischen Naturschutzrecht und Seeschifffahrtsrecht
Authors: Schatz Valentin J.
Published: June 2021

Bewuchs an Seeschiffen (sog. Biofouling) ist ein bedeutender Vektor bei der Einführung invasiver
gebietsfremder aquatischer Arten und damit eine Herausforderung für den Naturschutz. Da es sich hierbei
– wie beim bereits speziell regulierten Ballastwasser – um ein systemisches Problem der Seeschifffahrt
handelt, bedarf es eines speziellen Regelungssystems an der Schnittstelle zwischen Naturschutzrecht (BNatSchG)
und Seeschifffahrtsrecht (SeeAufgG und SeeUmwVerhV). Vor diesem Hintergrund untersucht dieser Beitrag die
rechtliche Regulierung von Biofouling Management. Er geht zunächst auf den völkerrechtlichen
Rahmen und die Guidelines der Internationalen Seeschifffahrtsorganisation (IMO) ein. Danach wendet sich
der Beitrag den einschlägigen Instrumenten des Unionsrechts zu. Zuletzt untersucht er das nationale
Recht, wobei im Lichte der bisherigen Regulierung in Neuseeland, Kalifornien und Australien auf künftige
gesetzgeberische Optionen in Deutschland eingegangen wird.
Continuous window functions for NFFT
Authors: Potts Daniel , Tasche Manfred
Published: June 2021

In this paper, we study the error behavior of the nonequispaced fast Fourier transform (NFFT). This approximate algorithm is mainly based on the convenient choice of a compactly supported window function. Here, we consider the continuous Kaiser–Bessel, continuous exp-type, sinh-type, and continuous cosh-type window functions with the same support and same shape parameter. We present novel explicit error estimates for NFFT with such a window function and derive rules for the optimal choice of the parameters involved in NFFT. The error constant of a window function depends mainly on the oversampling factor and the truncation parameter. For the considered continuous window functions, the error constants have an exponential decay with respect to the truncation parameter.
The Impact of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) on the Health and Social Needs of Sex Workers in Singapore
Authors: Tan Rayner Kay Jin , Ho Vanessa , Sherqueshaa Sherry , Dee Wany , Lim Jane Mingjie , Lo Jamie Jay-May , Teo Alvin Kuo Jing , O’Hara Caitlin Alsandria , Ong Clarence , Ching Ann Hui , Wong Mee Lian
Published: June 2021

We evaluated the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on the sex work industry and assessed how it has impacted the health and social conditions of sex workers in Singapore. We conducted a sequential exploratory mixed methods study amidst the COVID-19 pandemic from April to October 2020, including in-depth interviews with 24 stakeholders from the sex work industry and surveyor-administered structured surveys with 171 sex workers. COVID-19 had a substantial impact on sex workers' income. The illegality of sex work, stigma, and the lack of work documentation were cited as exclusionary factors for access to alternative jobs or government relief. Sex workers had experienced an increase in food insecurity (57.3%), housing insecurity (32.8%), and sexual compromise (8.2%), as well as a decrease in access to medical services (16.4%). Being transgender female was positively associated with increased food insecurity (aPR = 1.23, 95% CI [1.08, 1.41]), housing insecurity (aPR = 1.28, 95% CI [1.03, 1.60]), and decreased access to medical services (aPR = 1.74, 95% CI [1.23, 2.46]); being a venue-based sex worker was positively associated with increased food insecurity (aPR = 1.46, 95% CI [1.00, 2.13]), and being a non-Singaporean citizen or permanent resident was positively associated with increased housing insecurity (aPR = 2.59, 95% CI [1.73, 3.85]). Our findings suggest that COVID-19 has led to a loss of income for sex workers, greater food and housing insecurity, increased sexual compromise, and reduced access to medical services for sex workers. A lack of access to government relief among sex workers exacerbated such conditions. Efforts to address such population health inequities should be implemented.
The Cognitive-Affective-Social Theory of Learning in digital Environments (CASTLE)
Authors: Schneider Sascha , Beege Maik , Nebel Steve , Schnaubert Lenka , Rey Günter Daniel
Published: June 2021

For a long time, research on individuals learning in digital environments was primarily based on cognitive-oriented theories. This paper aims at providing evidence that social processes affect individual learning with digital materials. Based on these theories and empirical results, a social-processes-augmented theory is suggested: the Cognitive-Affective-Social Theory of Learning in digital Environments (CASTLE). This CASTLE postulates that social cues in digital materials activate social schemata in learners leading to enhanced (para-)social, motivational, emotional, and metacognitive processes. To substantiate this theory, socio-cognitive theories are used, which predict social influences on learning with digital materials. Besides, previous empirical findings are presented assuming that with a rising number of social cues in digital materials, the influence of social processes increases. Finally, consequences regarding the design of digital learning media are discussed.
Occupational exposure to asbestos and risk of kidney cancer: an updated meta-analysis
Authors: Zunarelli Carlotta , Godono Alessandro , Visci Giovanni , Violante Francesco S. , Boffetta Paolo
Published: June 2021

Limited information is available on carcinogenicity of asbestos on non-respiratory organs. We aimed at conducted an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies on occupational exposure to asbestos and risk of kidney cancer. We searched through three databases, PubMed, Embase and Scopus for article published after 2000, and after eliminating duplicates and non-relevant studies, we identified 13 studies. We combined their results with those of 31 non-overlapping studies included in a previous review up to 2000. We conducted a meta-analysis based on random-effects models. The pooled relative risk of kidney cancer for asbestos exposure was 0.94 (95% confidence interval, 0.84–1.04), with no differences according to type of asbestos fiber, geographic region, period of exposure, or estimated quality of the study. Our results showed a lack of association between occupational asbestos exposure and risk of kidney cancer.
How can we know a self-driving car is safe?
Authors: Stilgoe Jack
Published: June 2021

Self-driving cars promise solutions to some of the hazards of human driving but there are important questions about the safety of these new technologies. This paper takes a qualitative social science approach to the question ‘how safe is safe enough?’ Drawing on 50 interviews with people developing and researching self-driving cars, I describe two dominant narratives of safety. The first, safety-in-numbers, sees safety as a self-evident property of the technology and offers metrics in an attempt to reassure the public. The second approach, safety-by-design, starts with the challenge of safety assurance and sees the technology as intrinsically problematic. The first approach is concerned only with performance—what a self-driving system does. The second is also concerned with why systems do what they do and how they should be tested. Using insights from workshops with members of the public, I introduce a further concern that will define trustworthy self-driving cars: the intended and perceived purposes of a system. Engineers’ safety assurances will have their credibility tested in public. ‘How safe is safe enough?’ prompts further questions: ‘safe enough for what?’ and ‘safe enough for whom?’
SN38 loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs); preparation and in vitro evaluations against glioblastoma
Authors: Shirazi Ali Sabouri , Varshochian Reyhaneh , Rezaei Mahsa , Ardakani Yalda Hosseinzadeh , Dinarvand Rassoul
Published: June 2021

SN38 is the active metabolite of irinotecan with 1000-fold greater cytotoxicity compared to the parent drug. Despite the potential, its application as a drug is still seriously limited due to its stability concerns and low solubility in acceptable pharmaceutical solvents. To address these drawbacks here nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) containing SN38 was prepared and its cytotoxicity against U87MG glioblastoma cell line was investigated. The formulations were prepared using hot ultrasonication and solvent evaporation/emulsification methods. NLCs with a mean size of 140 nm and particle size distribution (PDI) of 0.25 were obtained. The average loading efficiency was 9.5% and its entrapment efficiency was 81%. In order to obtain an accurate determination of released amount of SN38 a novel medium and extraction method was designed, which lead to an appropriate in vitro release profile of the drug from the prepared NLCs. The MTT test results revealed the significant higher cytotoxicity of NLCs on U87MG human glioblastoma cell line compared with the free drug. The confocal microscopy images confirmed the proper penetration of the nanostructures into the cells within the first 4 h. Consequently, the results indicated promising potentials of the prepared NLCs as a novel treatment for glioblastoma.