bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the prognostic value of inflammation‐based scores in early recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma after hepatectomy
Authors: Wang Chenwei , He Wei , Yuan Yichuan , Zhang Yuanping , Li Kai , Zou Ruhai , Liao Yadi , Liu Wenwu , Yang Zhiwen , Zuo Dinglan , Qiu Jiliang , Zheng Yun , Li Binkui , Yuan Yunfei
Published: October 2019

Background & Aims

Inflammation‐based prognostic scores, such as the Glasgow Prognostic Score (GPS), modified Glasgow Prognostic Score (mGPS), Prognostic Index (PI), Prognostic Nutritional Index (PNI), neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio (LMR) and systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII), are correlated with the survival of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients, while remain unclear for recurrent HCC. This study aimed to compare the prognostic value of inflammation‐based prognostic scores for post‐recurrence survival (PRS) in patients with early recurrent HCC (ErHCC, within 2 years after hepatectomy).

Methods

A total of 580 patients with ErHCC were enrolled retrospectively. The association between the independent baseline and the time‐dependent variables and PRS was evaluated by cox regression. The prediction accuracy of the inflammation‐based prognostic scores was assessed by time‐dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Harrell's concordance index (C‐index) analyses.

Results

The GPS, mGPS, PI, PNI, NLR, PLR, LMR and SII were all related to the PRS of ErHCC patients, while only the SII (P < .001) remained an independent predictor for PRS in multivariate analysis (hazard ratio: 1.92, 95% confidence interval: 1.33‐2.79). Both the C‐index of the SII (0.65) and the areas under the ROC curves showed that the SII score was superior to the other inflammation‐based prognostic scores for predicting the PRS of ErHCC patients.

Conclusions

The SII is a useful prognostic indicator for PRS in patients with ErHCC after hepatectomy and is superior to the other inflammation‐based prognostic scores in terms of prognostic ability.
Categorising and enhancing the impacts of continuing professional development to improve performance and health outcomes
Authors: Campbell Craig , Lockyer Jocelyn
Published: October 2019

Campbell and Lockyer suggest that future CPD research and practice can be improved through consideration of learning and integrative science, interprofessional teams, and drawing a distinction between activities and interventions.
What is a Thing?
Authors: Fiocco M. Oreste
Published: October 2019

“Thing” in the titular question of this paper should be construed as having the utmost generality. In the relevant sense, athingjust is anentity, anexistent, abeing. The present task is to say what a thingof any categoryis. This task is the primary one of any comprehensive and systematic metaphysics. Indeed, an answer provides the means for resolving perennial disputes concerning theintegrityof the structure in reality—whether some of the relations among things arenecessarymerely given those relata themselves—and theintricacyof this structure—whether some things are more or lessfundamentalthan others. After considering some reasons for thinking the generality of the titular question makes it unanswerable, the paper propounds the methodology,original inquiry, required to answer it. The key to this methodology is adopting a singular perspective; confronting the world as merely theimpetus to inquiry, one can attain an account of what a thing must be.Radical ontologyis a systematic metaphysics—broadly Aristotelian, essentialist, and nonhierarchical—that develops the consequences of this account. With it, it is possible to move past stalemate in metaphysics by revealing the grounds of a principled choice between seemingly incommensurable worldviews.
Individual Differences in L2 Speech Perception: The Role of Phonological Memory and Lipreading Ability
Authors: INCEOGLU SOLENE
Published: October 2019

The current study investigated the effects of individual differences in lipreading ability, working memory (WM), and phonological short‐term memory (PSTM) on second language (L2) speech perception. An L2 French vowel identification task was administered to 32 Australian English learners of French in audiovisual, audio‐only, and visual‐only conditions. Participants also completed tasks measuring their first language (L1) lipreading ability at the phoneme, word, and sentence level; a listening span task assessing their WM capacity; and a nonword repetition task assessing their PSTM. Overall, speech perception was significantly better in the audiovisual and audio‐only conditions, and large individual variability was observed in the lipreading, WM, and PSTM tasks. Results revealed a significant effect of PSTM on vowel perception scores in all modalities of presentation, but no effect of WM capacity was found. In addition, lipreading ability at the word level was found to be a predictor of accurate L2 vowel perception in the visual modality.
Getting caught between discourse(s): hybrid choices in technology use at work
Authors: Ivory Chris , Sherratt Fred , Casey Rebecca , Watson Kayleigh
Published: October 2019

Winner (1977, Autonomous Technology, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 77), in defense of technology determinism, cautioned against ‘throwing out the baby with the methodological bathwater’. His concern was that in so doing STS research would underplay, or be unable to account for, the effects that technology change does have on society. We similarly now find that powerful explanatory concepts like ‘structural‐discourse’ have been largely expunged from the contemporary STS analytical lexicon; with consequences, we believe, for our ability as researchers to interpret and explain the rapid change we see in contemporary work places. In this paper we make the case for the continued use of a strong structural‐discourse theory alongside other emergent forms of discourse. We show how workers, responding to conflicting and different types of discourse, produce varying hybrid responses—actions that react to and combine elements of emergent and structural discourses. Our work considers the implications of this finding for contemporary STS theory.
Why Have Voluntary Time‐of‐Use Tariffs Fallen Short in the Residential Sector?
Authors: Choi Dong Gu , Lim Michael K. , Murali Karthik , Thomas Valerie M.
Published: October 2019

We investigate the causes behind the underwhelming adoption of voluntary Time‐of‐Use (TOU) tariffs in the residential electricity market. TOU tariffs are deployed by utilities to better match electricity generation capacity with market demand by giving consumers price incentives to reduce their consumption when electricity demand is at its peak. However, consumers in residential electricity markets are heterogeneous in their consumption preferences. Hence, utilities face a trade‐off when deploying voluntary TOU tariffs—to provide aggressive price incentives that will only appeal to consumers with flatter profiles or milder incentives to appeal to a larger proportion of the market. Using a game‐theoretic model, we identify the key factors that determine the viability of voluntary TOU tariff deployment. On the supply side, the gap between wholesale prices in the peak and off‐peak periods determines how much the utility stands to benefit by inducing demand response. On the demand side, heterogeneity within target consumer sets determines how much demand response the utility can induce with a certain price incentive. We show that misaligned incentives between utilities and regulators lead to underwhelming TOU tariff adoption compared to the socially desirable level, and that this under‐adoption is worse when consumption preferences are uniformly distributed. We also evaluate the degree of cross‐subsidization across tariff structures to identify their implications for equity among the different consumer types, and find that low levels of voluntary TOU adoption are less equitable than the default tariffs.
Students of history, masters of tradition: Josse Clichtove, Noël Beda and the limits of historical criticism1
Authors: Kennerley Sam
Published: October 2019

Kennerley investigates the relationship between tradition and historical criticism in France during the earliest years of the Reformation. Its key sources are two polemics between Josse Clichtove (1472–1543) and Noël Beda (c. 1470–1537) over the cult of Mary Magdalene and the Exultet hymn. A student of Jacques Lefèvre d'Étaples, Clichtove enunciated modern‐sounding criticisms of received traditions. His opponent Beda is instead famous for his scholastic defences of inherited doctrine against humanists like Clichtove and Erasmus. Drawing on an in‐depth reading of Clichtove and Beda's tracts, this essay will contextualize the clashes between these two scholars and analyse their respective methods and conclusions. While demonstrating the sophistication of Clichtove's historical thought and Beda's own surprising skill as a historian, this essay will contend that the central issue of these polemics was not history, but whether tradition was a legitimate subject for historical criticism. It will conclude by considering the implications of these polemics for the study of sacred history in the Reformation, as shown in the change of Clichtove's method after his conflict with Beda.
Autophagy is required for performance adaptive response to resistance training and exercise‐induced adult neurogenesis
Authors: Codina‐Martínez Helena , Fernández‐García Benjamín , Díez‐Planelles Carlos , Fernández Álvaro F. , Higarza Sara G. , Fernández‐Sanjurjo Manuel , Díez‐Robles Sergio , Iglesias‐Gutiérrez Eduardo , Tomás‐Zapico Cristina
Published: October 2019

Endurance training promotes exercise‐induced adaptations in brain, like hippocampal adult neurogenesis and autophagy induction. However, resistance training effect on the autophagy response in the brain has not been much explored. Questions such as whether partial systemic autophagy or the length of training intervention affect this response deserve further attention. Therefore, 8‐week‐old male wild‐type (Wt; n = 36) and systemic autophagy‐deficient (atg4b−/−, KO; n = 36) mice were randomly distributed in three training groups, resistance (R), endurance (E), and control (non‐trained), and in two training periods, 2 or 14 weeks. R and E maximal tests were evaluated before and after the training period. Forty‐eight hours after the end of training program, cerebral cortex, striatum, hippocampus, and cerebellum were extracted for the analysis of autophagy proteins (LC3B‐I, LC3B‐II, and p62). Additionally, hippocampal adult neurogenesis was determined by doublecortin‐positive cells count (DCX+) in brain sections. Our results show that, in contrast to Wt, KO were unable to improve R after both trainings. Autophagy levels in brain areas may be modified by E training only in cerebral cortex of Wt trained for 14 weeks, and in KO trained for 2 weeks. DCX + in Wt increased in R and E after both periods of training, with R for 14 weeks more effective than E. Interestingly, no changes in DCX + were observed in KO after 2 weeks, being even undetectable after 14 weeks of intervention. Thus, autophagy is crucial for R performance and for exercise‐induced adult neurogenesis.
Integrated regulation of the phosphatidylinositol cycle and phosphoinositide‐driven lipid transport at ER‐PM contact sites
Authors: Pemberton Joshua G. , Kim Yeun Ju , Balla Tamas
Published: October 2019

Among the structural phospholipids that form the bulk of eukaryotic cell membranes, phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) is unique in that it also serves as the common precursor for low‐abundance regulatory lipids, collectively referred to as polyphosphoinositides (PPIn). The metabolic turnover of PPIn species has received immense attention because of the essential functions of these lipids as universal regulators of membrane biology and their dysregulation in numerous human pathologies. The diverse functions of PPIn lipids occur, in part, by orchestrating the spatial organization and conformational dynamics of peripheral or integral membrane proteins within defined subcellular compartments. The emerging role of stable contact sites between adjacent membranes as specialized platforms for the coordinate control of ion exchange, cytoskeletal dynamics, and lipid transport has also revealed important new roles for PPIn species. In this review, we highlight the importance of membrane contact sites formed between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and plasma membrane (PM) for the integrated regulation of PPIn metabolism within the PM. Special emphasis will be placed on non‐vesicular lipid transport during control of the PtdIns biosynthetic cycle as well as toward balancing the turnover of the signaling PPIn species that define PM identity.
Comparative Study on the Choice of Muslim migrants Residence in Xi’an and Lanzhou Cities, China
Authors: Gao Xiang , Ma Xiaohua , Ke Wang , Huang Pingting , Mi Xiaoting , Liu Kuanmei
Published: October 2019

Residential choice is one of the basic contents of urban adaptation of the floating population and an important aspect in determining the quality of life in the city. This study is for Muslim migrants with three attributes (minority, floating population and religious belief). The purpose is to reveal the commonalities and differences in the choice of living spaces of Muslim Migrants in multi-ethnic cities Lanzhou and Xi’an, to provide guidance for the targeted management of Muslim migrants and promote their urban integration. Based on available research data from 2017-2019, the study adopts spatial analysis and regression analysis to explore the results of the selection of Muslim migrants living space in two cities and its influencing factors. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) The commonality of Muslim migrants living space in the two cities lies in: the distribution pattern of “Living around the mosque and running business nearby the mosque” still exists. The living space of Muslim migrants consists of points (mosques), lines (streets or traffic lines), and faces (inhabited areas), forming a spatial distribution pattern of the “mosque + community” residential circle. Differences: Muslim migrants in Hui’s street, Xi’an, taking the “Mosque-alley system” as an independent social organization, and their living space presents a " mosque-alley Interlaced" distribution. Muslim migrants living in the urban village community on the periphery of Hui’s street take "mosque" and "farm market" as the dual core, showing the “core (mosque/market) + community” inlaid living space situation. The Muslim migrants in Lanzhou generally live around the mosque or close to the streets and roads that lead to mosque. 2). In terms of commonality, the living choices of Muslim migrants in both cities consider the distance from the place of work, the mosque or the Muslim community to the place of residence. In terms of differences, the residential choice of Muslim migrants in Xi’an is mainly influenced by the composition of the living, the income of wages, and the nature of the occupation. The choice is mainly influenced by the rent level, occupational nature and wage income of the house; and the main influencing factors of the choice of Muslim migrants in Lanzhou are the education level and the rent level of the house. The main influencing factors of residential location selection are education level and mobility purpose. The level of education, traditional living customs, and rent levels have become the core factors determining the urban accommodation adaptation of Muslim migrants.
Medición de la capa híbrida resultante del uso de cementos autograbadores de uno y dos pasos
Authors: Vásquez Domínguez Ligia Johanna , Arreola Martínez Guillermo , Larriva Loyola Jaime , Rodríguez Ciódaro Adriana , Güiza Cristancho Edgar Humberto
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: La formación de la capa híbrida debe ser proporcional a la capacidad de los cementos para retener con éxito postes de fibra de vidrio en el interior del conducto preparado endodónticamente. Objetivo: Medir el espesor de la capa híbrida en los tercios coronal y apical as usar cementos autograbadores de uno y dos pasos. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio experimental con 30 premolares humanos que se trataron endodónticamente y se asignaron a tres grupos. Se cementaron postes de fibra de vidrio con tres cementos siguiendo las instrucciones de los fabricantes. Se realizaron cortes coronales y apicales y se cuantificó el grosor de la capa híbrida por microscopía electrónica de barrido. Los datos se analizaron con las pruebas estadísticas H de Kruskal-Wallis y U de Mann-Whitney (p<0,05). Resultados: El promedio del grosor de la capa híbrida fue de 0,74 mm con Multilink N® (grupo 1), 0,24 mm con RelyX Ultimate® (grupo 2) y 0,03 mm con RelyX U200® (grupo 3) (p = 0,0092). Los promedios en los tercios coronal y apical fueron: 1,29 mm y 0,19 mm para el grupo 1; 0,33 mm y 0,14 mm para el grupo 2 y 0,26 mm y 0,23 mm para el grupo 3, diferencias que fueron estadísticamente significativas (p = 0,043). Conclusiones: El espesor de la capa híbrida formada con el uso de los cementos de dos pasos fue mayor que con el cemento de un solo paso, especialmente en la porción coronal.
Dossier temático: Ingeniería de tejidos en Odontología
Authors: Garzón Bello Ingrid Johanna , Ximenes Oliveira Ana Celeste , Durán Correa Camilo , Jaramillo Gómez Lorenza María
Published: October 2019

Se incluyen en este dossier tres artículos que exploran tres temas interesantes: las políticas gubernamentales en materia de ingeniería tisular en Latinoamérica, los enfoques y métodos empleados para elaborar un biodiente, y las aplicaciones de la fibrina rica en plaquetas en odontología regenerativa.
Prótesis total con reservorio salival en un paciente con síndrome de Sjögren
Authors: Matiz Cuervo Jimmy
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: El síndrome de Sjögren es una enfermedad autoinmune que empieza a manifestarse hacia los 45 años de edad y cuya incidencia aumenta con la edad. La sintomatología  en la cavidad oral se caracteriza por boca seca o xerostomía. Gran cantidad de pacientes que la padecen son portadores de prótesis totales debido a la pérdida dental en edades avanzadas. Objetivo: Describir el caso de un paciente con síndrome de Sjögren a quien se le elaboró una prótesis con reservorio salival para disminuir síntomas orales. Métodos: Se realizaron ensayos de laboratorio para elaborar los reservorios buscando resistencia estructural de la prótesis; facilidad de colocación y retiro de las tapas de los reservorios para permitir la limpieza de los depósitos; estética y que contuvieran la mayor cantidad posible de saliva artificial. Los diseños se probaron en el paciente. Resultados: Después de realizar ensayos de prueba de la prótesis en ambos maxilares, el paciente comentó sobre la facilidad de retiro de las tapas, ausencia de nauseas, fonética normal, higiene adecuada, comodidad, solución parcial al problema de xerostomía y duración aproximada de tres horas una vez llenos los reservorios. Conclusión: Los prototipos finales proporcionaron mejores condiciones de los reservorios y aumentaron la cantidad de saliva. Se recomienda realizar estudios clínicos controlados para confirmar los hallazgos de este caso.
Aparatos funcionales preferidos por ortodoncistas en Colombia para tratar maloclusiones clases II y III
Authors: González Hernández Edy Milena , Plaza Ruiz Sonia Patricia , Barrera Chaparro Judith Patricia , Barreto Gómez Leslie Johanna , Ríos Agudelo Lina María , Rojas Polanco Edwin Francisco
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: La preferencia de los ortodoncistas en Colombia en el uso de aparatos funcionales y los factores diagnósticos que pueden influenciar la indicación del clínico de una determinada aparatología no es bien conocidos. Objetivo: Comparar las preferencias en el uso de aparatos funcionales para tratamiento de maloclusiones clases II y III entre un posgrado de ortodoncia y una población de ortodoncistas y evaluar la asociación entre el aparato indicado y las características demográficas y diagnósticas de los pacientes del postgrado de ortodoncia. Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. Se revisaron 565 historias clínicas, de un programa de posgrado de ortodoncia y 180 encuestas a miembros de la Sociedad Colombiana de Ortodoncia (SCO). Para evaluar asociación se utilizó la prueba Chi2 y prueba t. La significancia estadística fue establecida en P < 0,05. Resultados: En el posgrado de ortodoncia el aparato funcional más utilizado para tratar la maloclusión Clase II fue el Simoes Network (55,42 %) y para Clase III fue el Lázaro (28,95 %). La mayoría de los miembros de la SCO prefiere tratar la maloclusión de Clase II con las Pistas Indirectas Planas (32,78 %) y la Clase III con la Máscara Facial (62,22 %). Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas (P < 0,05) entre las preferencias de uso de aparatos funcionales por los ortodoncistas de SCO y el postgrado de ortodoncia evaluado. Conclusiones: Los resultados sugieren que la indicación de los aparatos funcionales para el manejo de maloclusiones Clase II y Clase III no solamente está guiada por la maloclusión, sino que también por la formación académica y preferencias individuales de los ortodoncistas.
Actitudes y prácticas ante la búsqueda de atención odontológica en personas de la ciudad de México. Estudio cualitativo
Authors: Zelocuatecatl Aguilar Alberto , Ávila Rosas Héctor , Caballero Peña Íngrid Natalli
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: La salud bucal es afectada por caries y enfermedad periodontal; ambas progresivas, irreversibles y cuyos efectos son acumulables con el tiempo. Sin embargo, son evitables cuando existen medidas preventivas y se busca la atención oportuna. Objetivo: Identificar las actitudes y prácticas que tienen las personas ante la búsqueda de atención odontológica. Métodos: Estudio cualitativo que identificó desde la subjetividad de los participantes, la experiencia y significado de la prevención y atención odontológicas; efectuado en 7 grupos focales con personas entre 18 y 60 años de edad. La muestra se definió por saturación teórica. Se diseñó y aplicó una guía semiestructurada para indagar sobre: Alternativas empleadas, búsqueda de atención, uso de los sistemas de salud y, experiencia de atención y salud bucal. Resultados: Se identificaron elementos que denotan ausencia de prevención. El dolor es referido como la principal manifestación de un problema y si éste es controlado, la búsqueda de atención se detiene. El sangrado de encía no es considerado relevante. Los procedimientos alternativos empleados antes de solicitar atención profesional son: automedicación, remedios caseros, consulta a empleados de farmacia y la internet. La búsqueda de atención se detuvo por: falta de tiempo y dinero, experiencias negativas previas (miedo, ansiedad), apatía, desidia y la pobre calidad de atención percibida en los servicios de salud. Conclusión: La falta de prevención está determinada por factores relacionados con el individuo y con el sistema de salud.  La búsqueda de atención se hace con fines curativos o para reducir el daño resultante de consecuencias complejas y costosas en el tratamiento.
Molar superior con dos raíces palatinas: descripción de un caso
Authors: Tenorio Rocha Fernando , Campos Ibarra Paola , Camacho Hernández Alejandro , Dávila García Gabriela , Buelna Hernández Mariana
Published: October 2019

Antecedentes: La morfología radicular en molares superiores presenta menos variabilidad anatómica, sin embargo, es muy importante tener en cuenta que existen alteraciones anatómicas, y que aun no están bien fundamentadas, se asocia a hiperactividad en la vaina epitelial de Hertwig o bien asociados a factores externos durante la odontogénesis. Descripción del caso: El presente artículo relata un caso de un segundo molar superior derecho con pulpitis irreversible sintomática, en el examen radiográfico se observa la existencia de una raíz supernumeraria palatina. Se realizó tratamiento endodontico con ProtaperNext® y se obturó con técnica lateral modificada con ultrasonido.  Conclusión: Los molares con raíces supernumerarias requieren del conocimiento y experiencia del clínico para integrar los métodos de diagnóstico tales como exámenes radiográficos, tomográficos, de microscopía así como técnicas para el tratamiento endodóntico.
Semantic and Qualitative Physics-Based Reasoning on Plain-English Flow Terms for Generating Function Model Alternatives
Authors: Mao Xiaoyang , Sen Chiradeep
Published: October 2019

In graph-based function models, the function verbs and flow nouns are usually chosen from predefined vocabularies. The vocabulary class definitions, combined with function modeling grammars defined at various levels of formalism, enable function-based reasoning. However, the text written in plain English for the names of the functions and flows is presently not exploited for formal reasoning. This paper presents a formalism (representation and reasoning) to support semantic and physics-based reasoning on the information hidden in the plain-English flow terms, especially for automatically decomposing black box function models, and to generate multiple design alternatives. First, semantic reasoning infers the changes of flow types, flow attributes, and the direction of those changes between the input and output flows attached to the black box. Then, a representation of qualitative physics is used to determine the material and energy exchanges between the flows and the function features needed to achieve them. Finally, a topological reasoning is used to infer multiple options of composing those function features into topologies and to thus generate multiple alternative decompositions of the functional black box. The data representation formalizes flow phases, flow attributes, qualitative value scales for the attributes, and qualitative physics laws. An eight-step algorithm manipulates these data for reasoning. This paper shows four validation case studies to demonstrate the workings of this formalism.
Individual listener differences in azimuthal front-back reversals
Authors: Yost William A. , Pastore M. Torben
Published: October 2019

Thirty-two listeners participated in experiments involving five filtered noises when listeners kept their eyes open or closed, for stimuli of short or long duration, and for stimuli that were presented at random locations or in a largely rotational procession. Individual differences in the proportion of front–back reversals (FBRs) were measured. There were strong positive correlations between the proportion of FBRs for any one filtered noise, but not when FBRs were compared across different filtered-noise conditions. The results suggest that, for each individual listener, the rate of FBRs is stable for any one filtered noise, but not across filtered noises.
Incorporating source directivity in wave-based virtual acoustics: Time-domain models and fitting to measured data
Authors: Bilbao Stefan , Ahrens Jens , Hamilton Brian
Published: October 2019

The modeling of source directivity is a problem of longstanding interest in virtual acoustics and auralisation. This remains the case for newer time domain volumetric wave-based approaches to simulation such as the finite difference time domain method. In this article, a spatio-temporal model of acoustic wave propagation, including a source term is presented. The source is modeled as a spatial Dirac delta function under the action of a series of differential operators associated with the spherical harmonic functions. Each term in the series gives rise to the directivity pattern of a given spherical harmonic, and is separately driven through a time domain filtering operation of an underlying source signal. Such a model is suitable for calibration against measured frequency-dependent directivity patterns and a procedure for arriving at time domain filters for each spherical harmonic channel is illustrated. It also yields a convenient framework for discretisation, and a simple strategy is presented, yielding a locally-defined operation over the spatial grid. Numerical results, illustrating various features of source directivity, including the comparison of measured and synthetic directivity patterns, are presented.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Blair-DeLeon Nancy A. , Struck Christopher J.
Published: October 2019

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes a catalog of Acoustical American National Standards. To receive out latest copy, please contact Nancy A. Blair-DeLeon at n.blairdeleon@asa.org.

Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.

This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the national catalog of Acoustical Standards and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are also available via the ASA home page: http://acousticalsociety.org.
The Use of Platelet-Rich Plasma for Conservative Treatment of Partial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Tears in Overhead Athletes: A Critically Appraised Topic
Authors: Conant Bradley J. , German Nicole A. , David Shannon L.
Published: October 2019

Clinical Scenario: Rates of ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries continue to rise in overhead athletes of all ages. Surgical interventions require minimally 6 months and up to 2 years of rehabilitation. Younger athletes and those with partial tears have seen positive results with conservative treatment approaches. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) continues to be studied with various orthopedic injuries, and its use has the potential to improve return-to-sport rates and reduce recovery time. Focused Clinical Question: Do PRP injections improve conservative treatment outcomes in overhead athletes with partial tears of the UCL compared with conservative treatment alone regarding return to participation? Summary of Search, Best Evidence Appraised, and Key Findings: A literature search was performed to locate all studies investigating outcomes when PRP is included in a conservative treatment program for overhead athletes with partial UCL tears. Three case series qualified and were reviewed. Clinical Bottom Line: Current evidence suggests that including PRP in a conservative treatment program can improve outcomes in overhead athletes with partial UCL tears. Athletes whose treatment included PRP show higher return-to-competition rates and shorter recovery times compared with athletes who used rehabilitation alone. Athletes with grade-1 and proximal-based grade-2 injuries returned to competition at rates comparable with athletes undergoing surgical intervention. For optimal conservative management outcomes, PRP injections should be recommended for treatment of partial UCL tears. Strength of Recommendation: The studies qualifying for inclusion are level 4 evidence based on the 2011 Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine levels of evidence. The studies are well designed and show consistent results, but higher level studies need to demonstrate similar results to improve the body of evidence. The strength of recommendation is C.
Unilateral Elbow Flexion and Leg Press Training Induce Cross–Education But Not Global Training Gains in Children
Authors: Ben Othman Aymen , Chaouachi Mehdi , Makhlouf Issam , Farthing Jonathan P. , Granacher Urs , Behm David G. , Chaouachi Anis
Published: October 2019

Purpose: Whereas cross-education has been extensively investigated with adults, there are far fewer youth investigations. Two studies suggested that children had greater global responses to unilateral knee extensor fatigue and training, respectively, than adults. The objective of this study was to compare global training responses and cross-education effects after unilateral elbow flexion (EFlex) and leg press (LP) training. Methods: Forty-three prepubertal youths (aged 10–13 y) were randomly allocated into dominant LP (n = 15), EFlex (n = 15) training groups, or a control (n = 13). Experimental groups trained 3 times per week for 8 weeks and were tested pretraining and posttraining for ipsilateral and contralateral 1-repetition maximum LP; knee extensor, knee flexors, elbow flexors; and handgrip maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC), and countermovement jump. Results:In comparison to no significant changes with the control group, dominant elbow flexors training demonstrated significant ( P < .001) improvements only with ipsilateral and contralateral upper body testing (EFlex MVIC [15.9–21.5%], EFlex 1-repetition maximum [22.9–50.8%], handgrip MVIC [5.5–13.8%]). Dominant LP training similarly exhibited only significant ( P < .001) improvements for ipsilateral and contralateral lower body testing (LP 1-repetition maximum [59.6–81.8%], knee extensor MVIC [12.4–18.3%], knee flexor MVIC [7.9–22.3%], and countermovement jump [11.1–18.1%]). Conclusions: The ipsilateral and contralateral training adaptations in youth were specific to upper or lower body training, respectively.
Enabling reversible redox reactions in electrochemical cells using protected LiAl intermetallics as lithium metal anodes
Authors: Kim Mun Sek , Deepika  , Lee Seung Hun , Kim Min-Seop , Ryu Ji-Hyun , Lee Kwang-Ryeol , Archer Lynden A. , Cho Won Il
Published: October 2019

MoS
2
protected LiAl intermetallic compound Li metal anode exhibits a highly reversible Li migration for lithium metal batteries.
Clearance of Staphylococcus aureus from
In Vivo
Models of Chronic Infection by Immunization Requires Both Planktonic and Biofilm Antigens
Authors: Harro Janette M. , Achermann Yvonne , Freiberg Jeffrey A. , Allison Devon L. , Brao Kristen J. , Marinos Dimitrius P. , Sanjari Salar , Leid Jeff G. , Shirtliff Mark E.
Published: October 2019

Staphylococcus aureus
is a causative agent of chronic biofilm-associated infections that are recalcitrant to resolution by the immune system or antibiotics. To combat these infections, an antistaphylococcal, biofilm-specific quadrivalent vaccine against an osteomyelitis model in rabbits has previously been developed and shown to be effective at eliminating biofilm-embedded bacterial populations. However, the addition of antibiotics was required to eradicate remaining planktonic populations.
Impacted denture in the oesophagus: review of the literature and its management
Authors: Mughal Zahir , Charlton Alexander Rowan , Dwivedi Raghav , Natesh Basavaiah
Published: October 2019

Foreign body impaction in the oesophagus is a common cause of acute dysphagia. Oesophageal impaction of sharp objects such as dentures can be life threatening due to the risk of oesophageal perforation. This condition requires urgent treatment, and therefore prompt diagnosis and management is vital to avoid complications. Diagnosing oesophageal foreign body can be challenging due to its poor localising symptoms. We describe a case of an impacted denture in which considerable delays to treatment were encountered, and discuss the pitfalls and lessons learnt. This case and review of the literature draw attention to clinical assessment, investigation and treatment options for oesophageal foreign body impaction.
Wilson’s disease presentation resembling autoimmune hepatitis
Authors: Santos Bruno Campos , Guedes Ludmila Resende , Faria Luciana Costa , Couto Claudia Alves
Published: October 2019

We report a case of a 25-year-old female patient who showed chronic hepatopathy with elevated levels of autoantibodies and gamma globulins, resembling autoimmune hepatitis. After 8 weeks of unsuccessful immunosuppressive treatment, further evaluation showed laboratorial and histological findings suggestive of Wilson’s disease. The new treatment with D-penicillamine resulted in positive outcome, despite the initial misleading diagnosis.
Myoepithelioma of nasal septum: a rare minor salivary gland tumour
Authors: Gourh Govind , Arora Ripu D , Hussain Nighat , Nagarkar Nitin
Published: October 2019

Myoepithelioma is rare benign neoplasm, usually involves salivary glands and very less often seen in minor salivary glands of nose. Clinically it resembles like other tumour masses and thus posed challenge to clinician and pathologist. It becomes very difficult to diagnose due to its varied presentation and propensity for malignant transformation. We reported a case of a male patient with pink fleshy mass in the left nose with epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Preliminary biopsy and contrast-enhanced CT were done to delineate tumour size and type and then patient underwent endoscopic en-bloc resection. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry were found to be consistent for myoepithelioma. No recurrence was seen during a 6-month follow-up period. Its rarity should be a part of differential diagnosis among nasal tumours. Many of the tumour recurrences are associated with incomplete surgical resection so wide local excision with regular follow-up is essential for this rare entity.
Acute kidney injury from immune checkpoint inhibitor use
Authors: Gordon Lexis , Dokouhaki Pouneh , Hagel Kimberly , Prasad Bhanu
Published: October 2019

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are novel oncological medications, current classes of which include monoclonal antibodies that target inhibitory receptors cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), programmed death 1 protein (PD-1) and programmed death-ligand 1. While they are novel in their ability to treat cancer, they also have a unique spectrum of immune-related adverse events. Renal-related immune adverse events, though rare, are an increasingly recognised clinical entity. We present the case of a 67-year-old man with acute kidney injury (AKI) after the second cycle of combination anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 antibodies for metastatic cutaneous melanoma. He presented with vomiting and diarrhoea, and AKI secondary to dehydration was treated with aggressive rehydration. After failing to recover biochemically, a renal biopsy was performed, which demonstrated severe acute interstitial nephritis. The culprit medications were held and he was treated with steroids. With immunosuppression, creatinine improved to pretreatment values.
A nose out of joint: first reported case of prison-acquired marijuana-based rhinolith
Authors: Smith Murray , Wong Eugene , Ahmadi Navid , Singh Narinder Pal
Published: October 2019

Rhinoliths are calcareous concretions of the nasal cavity formed around a nidus that may be endogenous (eg, dislodged tooth) or an exogenous foreign body (eg, plastic bead inserted by a child). Rhinoliths are often found incidentally on endoscopy or imaging to assess for other pathologies. The incidence is estimated to be 1 in 10 000 of all otolaryngology outpatient presentations, but this is likely to be an underestimate due to the often asymptomatic nature of this condition. We describe the unique case of a rhinolith that developed from a marijuana-filled balloon that the patient attempted to smuggle into a correctional facility. After inserting the package into his nostril, the patient then mistakenly believed it had been accidentally swallowed. Despite experiencing persistent symptoms of nasal obstruction and recurrent sinonasal infections, the marijuana package was only discovered 18 years after insertion following imaging for an unrelated indication
Considerations on the strengths and limitations of using disease-related mortality as an outcome in clinical research
Authors: Jakobsen Janus Christian , Wetterslev Jørn , Gluud Christian
Published: October 2019

Disease-related mortality (eg, cardiovascular mortality or breast-cancer mortality) is often used as an outcome in randomised clinical trials and systematic reviews. The rationale why disease-related mortality might be used in addition to, or instead of, all-cause mortality seems to be that disease-related mortality may more readily detect the experimental intervention effects. Disease-related mortality is theoretically what most interventions aim at influencing; disease-related intervention effects are not ‘diluted’ by events unrelated to the disease that may be occurring in both the experimental group and the control group (eg, traffic accidents). Intervention–effect estimates are indeed theoretically diluted and affected if events unrelated to the disease or the trial interventions are occurring. Although sounding attractive, we will in the present paper consider the several methodological limitations of using disease-related mortality instead of all-cause mortality as an outcome. When mortality is a relevant outcome, we recommend using all-cause mortality as a primary outcome and disease-specific mortality as a secondary or exploratory outcome depending on power.
TIDieR checklist evaluation of clinical trial intervention reporting for recent FDA-approved anticancer medications
Authors: Wayant Cole , Bindernagel Richard , Vassar Matt
Published: October 2019

Importance

Clear and comprehensive descriptions of clinical trial interventions are necessary to translate new results into clinical practice. The TIDieR checklist was developed to be a minimum set of key items considered essential to high-quality reporting of clinical trial interventions.

Objective

To determine the quality of reporting of recent Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved oncology interventions.

Design

Cross-sectional investigation.

Setting/Participants/Intervention

Recent, FDA-approved haematology/oncology anticancer interventions.

Main outcome measure

Quality of reporting.

Results

Across all included trials (n=96), a median of 8–9 (out of 12) TIDieR items were reported. Seven TIDieR items had >90% adherence, including individual-level and study-level modifications of drugs and dosing schedules. Three items were less often reported: intervention provider, including training and expertise (7/192, 3.6%); trial institution infrastructure (0/192, 0.0%); and how intervention compliance was assessed (59/192, 30.7%). Publication of a protocol improved intervention reporting (p<0.001).

Conclusions

In this analysis of clinical trials of recent, FDA-approved anticancer interventions, we found good adherence to the TIDieR checklist. These studies were homogeneous in their structure and included information; some TIDieR items were always or never/rarely reported. Clinical trial effect sizes may not translate to real-world practice for a number of reasons. Thus, to aid the translation of trial effect sizes to real-world practice, we recommend authors adhere to the TIDieR checklist and describe the infrastructure of trial centres and describe who provided the intervention, along with their expertise.
Risk attitudes, risky sexual behaviours and willingness to test negative for syphilis using lottery-based financial incentives among Chinese men who have sex with men
Authors: Ong Jason J , Li Chang Chang , Fu HongYun , Nie Juan , Tang Weiming , Chang WeiBin , Smith M Kumi , Marks Michael , Yang Bin , Wang Cheng , Tucker Joseph
Published: October 2019

Background

Individuals with risk-loving attitudes may be more likely to participate in high-risk sex and gambling. We investigated whether a lottery-based financial incentive to have a negative syphilis test may attract Chinese men who have sex with men (MSM) who practised risky sexual behaviours.

Methods

In July 2018, a national online cross-sectional survey was conducted in China. We collected information on willingness to participate in a lottery-based financial incentive where men were eligible if they tested negative for syphilis, and the minimum prize that would attract them to participate. We used a validated risk attitude scale which asked about the willingness to take risks in six domains, ranging from 0 (avoids taking risk) to 10 (fully prepared to take risks). To avoid multicollinearity, we used principal components analysis to create a ‘risk attitude index’. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression explored factors associated with willingness to test negative for syphilis.

Results

699 MSM enrolled with a median age of 26 years (IQR: 23–30). 70% self-identified as gay and 52% reported ever testing for syphilis. 64% stated they were likely or very likely to test for syphilis linked with a lottery-based incentive. The median desired amount for the lottery had an expected value of ¥10 (US$1.50, IQR: ¥5–¥30). Men who had greater odds of willingness to participate in the lottery-based incentive were those scoring highest on the risk attitude index (adjusted OR (AOR) 2.6, 95% CI 1.5 to 4.3), those reporting more than one sexual partner in the last 3 months (AOR 1.7, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.4), those who had not used condoms during their last sex (AOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2) and those who ever had group sex (AOR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0 to 2.2).

Conclusion

Chinese MSM with higher risk attitudes and who reported riskier sexual behaviours indicated greater interest in the concept of a lottery-based incentive for syphilis testing. A lottery-based incentive may be a promising strategy for promoting condom use among risk-loving men.
Impact of 24-h high and low fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharide, and polyol diets on markers of exercise-induced gastrointestinal syndrome in response to exertional heat stress
Authors: Gaskell Stephanie K. , Taylor Bonnie , Muir Jane , Costa Ricardo J.S.
Published: October 2019

The study aimed to determine the effects of 24-h high (HFOD) and low (LFOD) fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharide, and polyol (FODMAP) diets before exertional heat stress on gastrointestinal integrity, function, and symptoms. Eighteen endurance runners consumed a HFOD and a LFOD (double-blind crossover design) before completing 2 h of running at 60% maximal oxygen uptake in 35 °C ambient temperature. Blood samples were collected before and after exercise to determine plasma cortisol and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) concentrations, and bacterial endotoxin and cytokine profiles. Breath hydrogen (H2) and gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) were determined pre-exercise, every 15 min during, and in recovery. No differences were observed for plasma cortisol concentration between diets. Plasma I-FABP concentration was lower on HFOD compared with LFOD (p = 0.033). A trend for lower lipopolysaccharide binding protein (p = 0.088), but not plasma soluble CD14 (p = 0.478) and cytokine profile (p > 0.05), responses on HFOD was observed. A greater area under the curve breath H2 concentration (p = 0.031) was observed throughout HFOD (mean and 95% confidence interval: HFOD 2525 (1452–3597) ppm·4 h−1) compared with LFOD (1505 (1031–1978) ppm·4 h−1). HFOD resulted in greater severity of GIS compared with LFOD (pre-exercise, p = 0.017; during, p = 0.035; and total, p = 0.014). A 24-h HFOD before exertional heat stress ameliorates disturbances to epithelial integrity but exacerbates carbohydrate malabsorption and GIS severity in comparison with a LFOD.

Novelty Twenty-four-hour high FODMAP diet ameliorated disturbances to gastrointestinal integrity. Twenty-four-hour high FODMAP diet results in greater carbohydrate malabsorption compared with low FODMAP diet. Incidence of GIS during exertional heat stress were pronounced on both low and high FODMAP diets, but greater GIS severity was observed with high FODMAP diet.
Two-flavor chiral perturbation theory at nonzero isospin: pion condensation at zero temperature
Authors: Adhikari Prabal , Andersen Jens O. , Kneschke Patrick
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we calculate the equation of state of two-flavor finite isospin chiral perturbation theory at next-to-leading order in the pion-condensed phase at zero temperature. We show that the transition from the vacuum phase to a Bose-condensed phase is of second order. While the tree-level result has been known for some time, surprisingly quantum effects have not yet been incorporated into the equation of state.  We find that the corrections to the quantities we compute, namely the isospin density, pressure, and equation of state, increase with increasing isospin chemical potential. We compare our results to recent lattice simulations of 2 + 1 flavor QCD with physical quark masses. The agreement with the lattice results is generally good and improves somewhat as we go from leading order to next-to-leading order in $$\chi $$χPT.