bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Компресор 3:2 з низьким енергоспоживанням на основі XOR-XNOR та 2:1 мультиплексора за QCA технологією
Authors: Касса С. , Місра Н. К. , Ахмадпур С.-С. , Бхой Б. К.
Published: December 2024

В галузі проєктування схем спостерігається зростаюча тенденція до створення високошвидкісних схем із мінімальною кількістю помилок на нанометровому рівні. Таким чином, квантово-точкові клітинні автомати QCA (quantum-dot cellular automata) є парадигмою на основі нанотехнологій, яка використовує квантову комірку з чотирма точками та двома електронами для обчислення логічних бітів, що можна порівняти з архітектурою КМОН на основі транзисторів. Ця стаття присвячена проектуванню компресора з малим споживанням з використанням вентиля XOR–XNOR та мультиплексору 2:1. Розроблений компресор на основі QCA містить 152 комірки, розташовані копланарно, та вісім мажоритарних логічних елементів MG (majority gates). За допомогою програми QCAPro досліджено розсіювання енергії компресора за різних значень енергії тунелювання. Крім того, представлені термічні та поляризаційні схеми компресора. Для оцінки продуктивності розробленого компресора його характеристики порівняно з характеристиками найкращих існуючих схем на QCA за кількістю комірок, загальною площею, використанням MG елементів та затримкою сигналу. Новий компресор протестовано за допомогою програми QCADesigner при відсутності комірок. Дана конструкція має лише 5 тестових векторів, що забезпечує 100% покриття помилок та свідчить про її повну відповідність для проектування контролепридатних систем DFT. Запропонований компресор можна використовувати з різними помножувачами, включаючи помножувач дерева Воллеса, DADDA помножувач та компресори вищого порядку 7:3.
PROBLEMS AND GOOD PRACTICES OF MEASURING THE RAILWAY WHEEL ROLLING DIAMETER
Authors: MAŃKA Adam
Published: December 2024

The article describes the results of research on the influence of the methods used to measure the rolling diameter of a railway wheel "D" and measuring instruments on the accuracy of the obtained results. The differences in the results obtained using five different measuring instruments are presented. In particular, the difficulty of meeting the repair criterion |D-D'| was pointed out using the current measurement method. The article also illustrates the original measurement method proposed by author, which is a reference measurement for currently used methods, along with its limitations.
DEVELOPMENT DIRECTIONS OF ENERGY SOURCES FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLE (UAV)
Authors: MARCISZ Marek , KOZUBA Jarosław , ULMAN Kamil
Published: December 2024

The aim of the research was to conduct a comprehensive analysis of various energy sources used in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and to determine which implemented energy sources are the best as well as what are the directions of energy source development. One hundred drone models were selected for the study, differing in their installed energy source, flight time, payload capacity, own weight, and application. The analyzed UAVs were powered by 6 energy sources: lithium polymer and lithium-ion batteries, combustion engines, hybrid drives, hydrogen fuel cells, and solar energy. The analysis covered both technical and economic, environmental, and operational aspects influencing the choice of a specific energy source. It allowed determining the best energy source for each of the 4 selected applications: military, monitoring, transport, and agriculture. An assessment of challenges related to the use and development of energy sources was also carried out, and areas where further research and innovation are necessary and essential were identified. It was found that in military applications, the development of UAV energy sources will focus on combustion engines and electric propulsion with lithium polymer batteries. In civilian applications (in transport, monitoring, and agriculture), it will be directed towards further research and improvement of hybrid drives and hydrogen fuel cells.
INTEGRATED OPTIMIZATION MODELS FOR CARRIER SELECTION AND ROUTE PLANNING IN MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT SYSTEMS
Authors: ONYSHCHENKO Svitlana , BERESTENKO Viktor , MELNYK Oleksiy , ONISHCHENKO Oleg , FOMIN Oleksij , KRAVCHENKO Oleksandra , DEMIDIUK Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to the optimization of carrier routes and warehouses within multimodal transport systems, with a focus on a localized approach that takes into account specific regional features and constraints. The study develops an economic and mathematical model that considers both operational efficiency and cost minimization by integrating different modes of transport such as road, rail, and sea. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature and application of advanced optimization algorithms, the study proposes a new framework that improves the decision-making process in route planning and carrier selection. The proposed model is validated with real-world examples, demonstrating its practical applicability and potential to significantly improve the efficiency of multimodal transportation systems under different scenarios.
ADAPTABLE DYNAMIC ROUTING SYSTEM IN URBAN TRANSPORT LOGISTICS PROBLEMS USING GIS DATA
Authors: DANCHUK Viktor , HUTAREVYCH Oleksandr
Published: December 2024

To solve the problems of online route optimization in urban transport logistics, an adaptive dynamic routing system based on GIS data is proposed. Here, it is possible to simultaneously take into account the actual configuration of the urban road network (URN) and the real-time dynamics of traffic flows. Route optimization is performed on a weighted bidirectional graph for an asymmetric dynamic traveling salesman problem using a modified ant colony optimization algorithm. The system allows automatically updating the weights of the graph depending on the current changes in the characteristics traffic in the URN sections, obtained from GIS data, and fixing the optimal configuration of a partially completed route before updating the graph. To test the proposed system, the simulation of dynamic routing processes was conducted in real-time, using the delivery of goods to Żabka grocery stores in Warsaw as an example. The results indicate the proposed method’s feasibility for solving practical urban transport logistics management problems under complex traffic.
Effect of biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 on vine and berry physiology, pedology and the soil microbiome
Authors: Rienth Markus , Lamy Frederic , Chessex Clément , Heger Thierry
Published: December 2024

The increasing interest in organic and biodynamic wine production is driven by a desire for sustainability and reduced reliance on synthetic inputs. As of 2021, organic viticulture accounted for 6.4 % of the global vineyard surface, with biodynamic practices gaining traction, particularly among high-end wineries seeking to differentiate their products through unique, environmentally conscious cultivation methods. Biodynamic viticulture, while rooted in organic principles, incorporates specific biodynamic preparations (notably preparations 500 and 501), with proponents asserting benefits such as enhanced soil vitality, vine resilience, and superior wine quality. However, the scientific community remains divided on whether biodynamic methods offer substantial advantages over organic practices alone. Previous studies (Döring et al., 2019; Rienth et al., 2023) have shown minimal differences between the two in terms of vine performance and berry quality. This study aims to evaluate the long-term effects of biodynamic preparations 500 and 501 on vine physiology, berry quality, and soil properties in a Swiss vineyard.
Cópia de textos em cadernos escolares usados por crianças do ensino primário no Rio Grande do Sul (1898-1940)
Authors: Peres Eliane , Melo July Rianna
Published: December 2024

Este estudo analisa protocolos gráficos relacionados à cópia em cadernos escolares, usados por crianças, em escolas primárias do Rio Grande do Sul, durante o período de 1898 a 1940, e disponíveis no acervo do Centro de Memória e Pesquisa História da Alfabetização, Leitura, Escrita e dos Livros Escolares (Hisales). Em consonância com os estudos de Hébrard (2001), Chartier (2002), Viñao Frago (2008) e Castillo Gómez (2012), entre outros autores, os cadernos escolares são compreendidos não apenas como suportes de registro, mas também como ferramentas de aprendizagem gráfica, que refletem a cultura escrita de seu tempo. A análise de 10 cadernos revela a existência de uma variedade de textos copiados, de forma integral ou parcial, pelos aprendizes, uma prática pedagógica de ensino da escrita amplamente empregada na época.
Osimertinib exacerbates immune checkpoint inhibitor-related severe adverse events by activating the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway in macrophages
Authors: Li Yuan , Chen Yanping , Meng Yuan , Shen Meng , Yang Fan , Ren Xiubao
Published: December 2024

Objective: The combination of epithelial growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) leads to an increased incidence of severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs). However, the mechanisms underlying macrophages in irAEs have not been elucidated. Methods: An osimertinib and ICI-induced irAE mouse model was constructed. Lung micro-CT scans were used to assess the degree of inflammatory infiltration. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to analyze the histopathologic inflammatory infiltration in mouse liver and lung tissues. Flow cytometry was used to detect the percentages of T cells, NK cells, and macrophages and the expression of EGFR. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum interleukin (IL)-6, alanine transaminase (ALT), ferritin, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels. Total RNA extracted from mouse liver macrophages was analyzed by RNA-seq. Simple Western blot analysis was used to detect the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway activation state. Results: Osimertinib combined with ICIs upregulated EGFR expression on macrophages with increased serum IL-6, ALT, and ferritin levels. RNA-seq and simple Western blot analysis of mouse liver macrophages confirmed that that the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway was activated in the combination treatment group. Ruxolitinib blocked the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 pathway and significantly decreased the serum IL-6, ALT, and ferritin levels in the combination treatment group. Conclusions: An osimertinib and ICI-induced irAE mouse model was constructed that showed osimertinib combined with ICIs inhibited EGFR phosphorylation and activated the IL-6/JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway in mouse liver macrophages, which led to the release of relevant cytokines.
Calibrating Human Immunity in the Context of Advanced Microbial Evolution and Self-Camouflaging
Authors: Carp Theodor-Nicolae
Published: December 2024

The concept of microbial evolution has become progressively intriguing for the immunological side of scientific research, as the ongoing evolutionary battle between microbial agents and animal immunity, which comprises a set of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for both the microbes and the host organisms by means of adaptation to environmental changes, has started including weak points within the innate host immunity as well. Namely, it was discovered only later in the contemporary era that microbial agents tend to use a method of silencing first and second immune lines as an escaping route toward an abundant distribution of the microbial load without a significant restriction from the host organism at the time. Furthermore, it was discovered that the innate immune system displays visible traits of specificity and memory, and also that the adaptive immune system does contain areas of non-specificity as well, which makes it possible for vaccine-based research efforts to bring a wider inclusion of innate, first-line and second-line immune elements into the overall equation of development and possibly rollout as well, perhaps by using such elements as potential immunising agents as well. Additionally, it is possible for central elements of the adaptive immune system to be treated with major elements of the innate immune system by means of improving their overall function and long-term efficacy against pathogenic agents of potential health concern. Such a context may also be adapted for a potential delay in the onset of specific proteinopathies, such as Alzheimer’s Disease and possibly Retinitis Pigmentosa as well. An overall approach as such may help the research area of vaccine development undergo potential updates that will potentially help save even more lives worldwide, through the development and application of a scientific concept known as “United Immune System”, as it may be important to transform the smaller and less direct “road” between natural and adaptive immunity into a broader and more direct “highway” between the two immune departments. Such a clinical application may be combined with potential fresh updates into pathogen-derived vaccine development, by using inactivated or completely lysed microbial genomes either lacking the genes encoding microbial proteins with suppressive effects against the host innate immune system, or containing such genes as the only activated microbial genes, to stimulate the host immune system to build novel evolutionary pathways and particularly adapt to changes in the microbial genome that affect the innate immune system, such as the expression of Type I and Type III Interferons.
Rotors Location During Atrial Fibrillation: A Framework Based on Data Fusion and Information Quality
Authors: Becerra Miguel A , Peluffo-Ordóñez Diego H , Vela Johana Elizabeth , Mejía Cristian , Ugarte Juan P , Tobón Catalina
Published: December 2024

Persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), a prevalent cardiac arrhythmia, is primarily sustained by rotor-type reentries, with their localization crucial for successful ablation treatment. Fractionated atrial electrogram (EGM) signals have been associated with the tip of the rotors, thus considered as ablation targets. However, the typical noise problems of physiological signals affect the result of EGM processing tools and, consequently, the ablation outcome. This study proposes a data fusion framework based on the Joint Directors of Laboratories model and information quality (IQ) assessment for locating rotor tips from EGMs simulated in a 2D model of human atrial tissue under AF conditions. Validation tests involved IQ criteria with metrics: i) EGMs underwent noise contamination to assess tolerance. ii) Signals were pre-processed. iii) Features were extracted to generate maps iv) Fuzzy inference was applied for evaluating the situation and risk. The IQ was mapped using a support vector machine by level. Finally, the IQ criteria were optimized through a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results demonstrated superior functionality and performance compared to existing EGM–based rotor detection methods. The novelty of the presented approach lies in evaluating IQ across signal–processing stages, optimizing it through data fusion to extract rotor tip position knowledge.
Lymphomas and Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Insights from a 15-Year Retrospective Romanian Study
Authors: Padurariu-Covit Monica-Daniela , Chiscop Iulia , Fotea Silvia , Arbune Anca-Adriana , Niculet Elena , Arbune Manuela
Published: December 2024

Lymphoma is a significant cause of mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH). This retrospective study analyzes the prevalence, mortality and clinical-demographic characteristics of patients with lymphoma associated with HIV infection in the South East of Romania, monitored in the HIV/AIDS center in Galati, over a period of 15 years. Among the 476 new cases of HIV/AIDS infection registered, 9 cases of lymphoma were identified, representing a prevalence of 1.89 %. Overall mortality was 13.6 %, and lymphoma contributed to 10,76 % of HIV-related deaths. The average age at lymphoma diagnosis was 37 years, with most patients being men and smokers with sexually transmitted HIV. Common co-infections included hepatitis B virus (HBV) and tuberculosis. Advanced stage disease (Ann Arbor stage IV) and type B clinical signs were present in half of the cases. Oncological treatment was provided in 5 cases, with a survival rate of 30%. The high mortality underlines the need for early diagnosis and an integrated therapeutic approach to improve the prognosis of patients with lymphomas associated with HIV infection.
The Impact of Nanoparticles and Molecular Forms of TiO2 on the Rhizosphere of Plants in the Example of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) – Shifts in Microbiome Structure and Predicted Microbial Metabolic Functions
Authors: Przemieniecki Sebastian Wojciech Wojciech , Damszel Marta , Kosewska Olga
Published: December 2024

This study investigated the effects of various titanium nanoparticles (TiO2NPs) on the structure, function, and trophic levels of the wheat rhizobiome. In contrast to the typically toxic effects of small nanoparticles (~10 nm), this research focused on molecular TiO2 and larger nanoparticles: medium-sized (68 nm, NPs1) and large (>100 nm, NPs2). The results demonstrated significant yet diverse impacts of different TiO2 forms on the rhizosphere microbiota. Large TiO2NPs2 and mo-lecular TiO2 adversely affected the bacteriobiome and mycobiome, leading to an increase in au-totrophic microbial groups. In contrast, medium-sized TiO2NPs1 shifted the microbiome toward chemoheterotrophy, promoting plant growth–associated bacteria, fungal saprotrophs, and po-tential phytopathogens, suggesting a beneficial r-strategy within the rhizosphere. Other treat-ments induced oligotrophic conditions, resulting in a less flexible rhizobiome with diminished root associations but an increased abundance of Trichoderma spp. Structural modeling revealed that even minor changes in operational taxonomic units (OTUs) could significantly alter the micro-biota's metabolic potential. These findings highlight the importance of further research to opti-mize nanoparticle applications for sustainable agriculture.
Uncovering the Regulatory Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer Progression and Liver Metastasis: Implications for Therapeutic and Diagnostic Targeting
Authors: Kavei Mohammad , Hamta Ahmad , Salari Ali
Published: December 2024

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, largely due to metastasis, particularly to the liver, and the limited understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. In this study, we focused on investigating the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) as key regulatory factors in CRC progression and metastasis to liver tissues. Using high-throughput sequencing and microarray approaches, we analyzed gene expression profiles from two independent lncRNA datasets to identify potential players involved in liver metastasis.
Our findings revealed five lncRNAs—PROX1-AS1, SOX9-AS1, LINC01594, LINC01555, and APOA1-AS—previously known for their roles in CRC progression, now identified as being involved in the liver metastatic process. Additionally, 20 other lncRNAs, including VCAN-AS1, SYP-AS1, SMIM2-IT1, NCOA7-AS1, and LINC01449, were also identified as potential contributors to CRC liver metastasis. Notably, two lncRNAs—SATB2-AS1 and LINC01116—emerged as common candidates across both datasets, suggesting their significant role in promoting CRC metastasis to the liver. These two lncRNAs hold promise as molecular targets for therapeutic and diagnostic development.
In conclusion, our study uncovers a novel layer of regulatory mechanisms involving lncRNAs in CRC liver metastasis. These findings advance our understanding of the molecular behaviors that drive CRC progression and offer new avenues for targeted therapeutic strategies and diagnostic tools, particularly for liver metastasis in CRC.
Conformational Dynamics of Mitochondrial Inorganic Pyrophosphatase hPPA2 and Its Changes Caused by Pathogenic Mutations
Authors: Bezpalaya Ekaterina Y. , Kurilova Svetlana A. , Vorobyeva Natalia N. , Rodina Elena V.
Published: December 2024

Inorganic pyrophosphatases, or PPases, are ubiquitous enzymes whose activity is necessary for a large number of biosynthetic reactions. Catalytic function of PPases is dependent on certain conformational changes that have been previously characterized based on the comparison of the crystal structures of various complexes. The current work describes the conformational dynamics of a structural model of human mitochondrial pyrophosphatase hPPA2 using Molecular Dynamics simulation, all-atom Principal Component Analysis, and coarse-grained Normal Mode Analysis. In addition to the wild-type enzyme, four mutant variants of hPPA2 were characterized that correspond to the natural pathogenic variants causing severe mitochondrial disfunction and cardio pathologies. As a result, we identified the global type of flexible motion that seems to be shared by other dimeric PPases. This motion is discussed in terms of allosteric behavior of the protein. Analysis of the observed conformational dynamics revealed the formation of a binding site for anionic ligands in the active site that could be relevant to the enzyme catalysis. Based on the comparison of the wild-type and mutant PPases dynamics, we suggest the possible molecular mechanisms of the functional incompetence of hPPA2 caused by mutations. The results of this work allow the deeper insight into the structural basis of PPase function and the possible effects of pathogenic mutations on the protein structure and function.
Dynamics of Photoinduced Charge Carrier and Photothermal Effect in Pulse-Illuminated Narrow Gap and Moderate Doped Semiconductors
Authors: Galovic Slobodanka , Djordjevic Katarina , Dragas Milica , Milicevic Dejan , Suljovrujic Edin
Published: December 2024

When a sample of semiconducting material is illuminated by monochromatic light which photon energy is higher than the energy gap of the semiconductor, the part of absorbed electromagnetic energy is spent on the generation of pairs of excess carriers that are bound by Coulomb attraction. Photo-generated pairs diffuse through the material as a whole according to the density gradients established carrying the part of excitation energy through the semiconducting sample. This energy is indirectly transformed into heat where the excess negatively charged electron recombines with a positively charged hole and causes additional local heating of the lattice. In this paper, based on ambipolar diffusion partal differential equation in approximation of low-level injection, the spectral function of photoinduced charge carrier distribution was calculated and models of spectral functions of surface recombination heat sources were derived. By applying the inverse Laplace transform to derived models, the dynamics of recombination photoinduced heat sources at surfaces of semiconducting samples was studied for pulse optical excitations of very short and very long duration. It was shown that the photoexcited charge carriers could significantly affect semiconductor heating in dependence on pulse duration and velocity of surface recombinations, consequently influencing the performance of nanoelectronic and optoelectronic semiconductor devices.
Remote Vital Sensing in Clinical Veterinary Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Advances, Accomplishments, Challenges and Future Perspectives
Authors: Zhao Xinyue , Tanaka Ryou , Mandour Ahmed S. , Shimada Kazumi , Hamabe Lina
Published: December 2024

Remote vital sensing in veterinary medicine is a relatively new area of practice, which involves the acquisition of data without invasion of the body cavities of live animals. This paper aims to review several technologies in remote vital sensing: infrared thermography, remote photoplethysmography (rPPG), radar, wearable sensors, and computer vision and machine learning. In each of these technologies, we outline its concepts, uses, strengths, and limitations in multiple animal species, and its potential to reshape health surveillance, welfare evaluation, and clinical medicine in animals. The review also provides information about the problems associated with applying these technologies, including species differences, external conditions, and the question of the reliability and classification of these technologies. Other considerations we look at include future work, where we look at, for example, using artificial intelligence, multiple sensing modalities, and finding species-specific solutions. This contribution gives a clear understanding of the status and future possibilities of remote vital sensing in veterinary applications and stresses the importance of that technology for the development of the veterinary field in terms of animal health and science.
Introducing the Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Neural Integral Equations of Fredholm-Type
Authors: Cacuci Dan Gabriel
Published: December 2024

This works presents the “First-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Neural Integral Equations of Fredholm-Type” (1st-FASAM-NIE-Fredholm) and the “Second-Order Features Adjoint Sensitivity Analysis Methodology for Neural Integral Equations of Fredholm-Type” (2nd-FASAM-NIE-Fredholm). It is shown that the 1st-FASAM-NIE-Fredholm methodology enables the efficient computation of exactly-determined first-order sensitivities of decoder response with respect to the optimized NIE-parameters, requiring a single “large-scale” computation for solving the 1st-Level Adjoint Sensitivity System (1st-LASS), regardless of the number of weights/parameters underlying the NIE-net. The 2nd-FASAM-NIE-Fredholm methodology enables the computation, with unparalleled efficiency, of the second-order sensitivities of decoder responses with respect to the optimized/trained weights involved in the NIE’s decoder, hidden layers, and encoder, requiring only as many “large-scale” computations as there are first-order sensitivities with respect to the feature functions. The application of both the 1st-FASAM-NIE-Fredholm and the 2nd-FASAM-NIE-Fredholm methodologies is illustrated by considering a system of nonlinear Fredholm-type NIE which admits analytical solutions, thereby facilitating the verification of the expressions obtained for the first- and second-order sensitivities of NIE-decoder responses with respect to the model parameters (weights) that characterize the respective NIE-net.
Tissue Engineering Approach in the Development of Cardiovascular Biomaterials: Technological Features and Mechanobiological Studies
Authors: Sergeevichev David , Fomenko Vladislav , Chepeleva Elena , Kuznetsova Elena , Vaver Andrey , Zhulkov Мaxim , Vasiliyeva Maria
Published: December 2024

This study presents a novel method to enhance the biocompatibility of decellularized porcine aortic segments while preserving their mechanical properties and histological structure. Detergent-decellularized aortic segments were treated with modified globular chitosan (Novochizol™) at varying concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 3%) by sonication and subsequently subjected to mechanical testing. To further improve cell infiltration, blind-ended laser channels were created within the decellularized segments. The modified grafts were then seeded with porcine vascular interstitial cells in vitro for 7 days or implanted into the thoracic aorta of minipigs for 30 days. Histological analysis was performed at each stage of the study. Impregnation with Novochizol™ significantly increased the specific strength (from 0.97 ± 0.19 MPa to 4.99 ± 2.43 MPa) and Young's modulus (from 0.73 ± 0.06 MPa to 14.66 ± 7.14 MPa) of the decellularized aortic segments. Histological examination confirmed the preservation of the connective tissue matrix's morphological structure. Optimal modification conditions were identified as a 30-minute sonication in a 1% Novochizol™ solution at 25°C. A 35-ms continuous laser treatment was sufficient to create a 1 mm deep blind-ended channel, thereby promoting the seeding of vascular interstitial cells within the acellular graft, as confirmed by implantation in minipigs.
A Review of Additive Manufacturing of Biodegradable Fe and Zn Alloys for Medical Implants Using Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF)
Authors: Limón Irene , Bedmar Javier , Fernández-Hernán Juan Pablo , Multigner Marta , Torres Belén , Rams Joaquín , Cifuentes Sandra C
Published: December 2024

This review explores the advancements in additive manufacturing (AM) of biodegradable iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) alloys, focusing on their potential for medical implants, particularly in vascular and bone applications. Fe alloys are noted for their superior mechanical properties and biocompatibility but exhibit a slow corrosion rate, limiting their biodegradability. Strategies such as alloying with manganese (Mn) and optimizing microstructure via Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) have been employed to increase Fe´s corrosion rate and mechanical performance. Zn alloys, characterized by moderate biodegradation rates and biocompatible corrosion products, address the limitations of Fe, though their mechanical properties require improvement through alloying and microstructural refinement. LPBF has enabled the fabrication of dense and porous structures for both materials, with energy density optimization playing a critical role in achieving defect-free parts. Fe alloys exhibit higher strength and hardness, while Zn alloys offer better corrosion control and biocompatibility. In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrate promising outcomes for both materials, with Fe alloys excelling in load-bearing applications and Zn alloys in controlled degradation and vascular applications. Despite these advancements, challenges such as localized corrosion, cytotoxicity, and long-term performance require further investigation to fully harness the potential of AM-fabricated Fe and Zn biodegradable implants.
Is Navigation a Game Changer in Single Level Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusions (SL‐TLIFs)?
Authors: Silva Yan Gabriel Morais David , Bedard Sonia , Cheng-Oviedo Sonia Gabriela , Goulet Julien , Couture Jerome , Blanchard Jocelyn , Dea Nicolas , LaRue Bernard , Pimenta Newton
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Spinal surgery involves different techniques and treatment strategies. Intraoperative navigation by 3D tomography (IoCT) is used to facilitate the insertion of pedicular screws. Better accuracy has been demonstrated by several studies when using navigation compared to fluoroscopy. However, no study as far as we know, investigated the operative outcomes of navigation during single-level transforaminal interbody fusion (SL-TLIF).
Objectives: Our goal was to evaluate the impact of Computer Assisted Navigation during SL-TLIF in terms of operative time, hospitalization, blood loss and number of surgical revisions up to 6 months postoperatively when compared to fluoroscopic guidance.
Methods: This is a retrospective, single center, case-control study. Patients submitted to SL-TLIF between 2016 and 2020 with fluoroscopy (Fluoro) or loCT navigation (Nav) were evaluated. We excluded traumatic, oncological, infectious, minimally invasive cases, anterior and lateral cases and all those performed on more than one level. Demographic, clinical, and surgical data were collected.
Results: One hundred and seventy-six patients were included, 54 (30.68%) in the Nav group and 122 (69.32%) in the Fluoro group. A statistically significant difference in operative time (OT) was reported (Nav 185.93 Vs. Fluoro 163.24, p=0.003), with an average OT of 170 min. The revision rate was also significantly different, with 8 revisions of surgery in the Fluoro group and none in the Nav group (6.6% of GF patients, p=0.050). No statistically significant difference was found for blood loss (Nav 270.83 ml vs. Fluoro 277.28 ml p=0.827) and hospitalization time (days) (4.31 for Nav vs. 4.65 for Fluoro p=0.302).
Discussion: Despite the increase in operative time in the Nav group, navigation does not involve increased blood loss or longer hospital stay. We observed a lower rate of reoperation in the Nav group during the first 6 months postoperatively.
Conclusions: The use of IoCT navigation is safe, effective, and provides advantages even when used to perform single level TLIF.
Reuse of Activated Carbons from Filters for Water Treatment Derived from the Steam Cycle of a Nuclear Power Plant
Authors: Ledesma Cano Beatriz , Rodríguez Franco Eva María , González González Juan Félix , Nogales-Delgado Sergio
Published: December 2024

Nuclear energy, which is considered clean but not renewable energy, currently has a great impact on the energy mix of different countries. In the case of Spain, it implies over 20% of current energy requirements, pointing out the relevance of nuclear power plants. These plants generate different wastes or products (apart from radioactive) that should be managed. For instance, the activated carbon included in filters (which neutralize isotopes in a possible radioactive leakage) must be periodically replaced. These filters have expiration dates that must be respected. Nevertheless, the activated carbon in these filters might present long service lives, as they have not undergone any adsorption process. Consequently, a considerable and recurring amount of activated carbon can be reused in different processes, even in the same nuclear power plant. The aim of this work was to assess the use of activated carbons (previously included in filters to prevent possible radioactive releases in primary circuits) for water treatment derived from the steam cycle of a nuclear power plant. For this purpose, a regeneration process was carried out, measuring the adsorption efficiency by using ethanolamine, proving that factors such as porosity play an important role in the specific usage of activated carbons.
Assessing Virus Survival in African Swine Fever Virus Contaminated Materials—Implications for Indirect Virus Transmission
Authors: Lazov Christina Marie , Olesen Ann Sofie , Belsham Graham J. , Bøtner Anette
Published: December 2024

Introduction of African swine fever virus (ASFV) into pig herds can occur via virus-contaminated feed or other objects. Knowledge about ASFV survival in different matrices and under different conditions is required to understand indirect virus transmission. Maintenance of ASFV infectivity occurs for extended periods outside pigs but depends on the contaminated material and environmental factors. Current assays detecting ASFV have inherent disadvantages. Cell culture-based assays are labor-intensive and sensitive to contaminants. Methods, using qPCR, detect ASFV DNA with high sensitivity and specificity but this may not correspond to infectious virus. Here, we combined these assays to assess replication of ASFV within cells, and determined the effect of pig feces, straw, wood shavings and mixed feed on ASFV infectivity. In porcine serum, infectious ASFV survived for at least 60 days at 4 °C, 22 °C and 37 °C, for two days at 50 °C, one day at 60 °C and ≤5 min. at 70 °C. In the presence of feed, straw or wood shavings, the survival of the virus was markedly shortened. Samples remained positive in the qPCR assay despite loss of virus infectivity. Thus, it was possible to distinguish between the presence of ASFV DNA and survival of infectious virus.
Investigation of the Influence of the Extraction System and Seasonality on the Pharmacological Potential of Eugenia punicifolia Leaves
Authors: Neves Kidney O. G. , Silva Samuel O. , Cruz Marinildo S. , Mar Josiana Moreira , Bezerra Jaqueline A. , Sanches Edgar A. , Cassani Natasha Marques , Antoniucci Giovanna A. , Jardim Ana Carolina Gomes , Chaves Francisco C. M. , Acho Leondard D. R. , Lima Emersom S. , Machado Marcos B. , Santos Alan D. C.
Published: December 2024

The chemical complexity of natural products such as Eugenia punicifolia (Kunth) DC. plant, presents a challenge when extracting and identifying bioactive compounds. This study investigates the impact of different extraction systems and seasonal variations on the chemical profile and pharmacological potential of E. punicifolia leaves using NMR spectroscopy for chemical analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) for bioactivity correlation. Extracts obtained with methanol (M), ethanol (E), methanol:ethanol [1:1 (ME)], and methanol:ethanol:water [3:1:1 (MEW)] were analyzed for antioxidant, antiglycation and antiviral activities. Quantitative ¹H NMR, combined with the PULCON method, was used to quantify phenolic compounds such as quercetin, myricetin, catechin and gallic acid. The results showed that the MEW extract obtained in the rainy season exhibited the highest antioxidant and antiglycation activities, with an AGE inhibition capacity greater than 93%. Furthermore, our results showed that all the extracts were able to inhibit over 94% of the Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in Vero E6 cells. The CCA established strong correlations between the phenolic compounds and bioactivities, identifying gallic acid, catechin, quercetin and myricetin as key chemical markers. This study demonstrates the importance of selecting appropriate extraction systems and considering seasonality to optimize the pharmacological potential of E. punicifolia leaves and highlights the efficacy of NMR in linking chemical composition with bioactivities.
Method of Quality Control of Tightness of Nuclear Power Unit Elements
Authors: Khomiak Eduard , Trishch Roman , Ginevičius Romualdas , Nazarko Joanicjusz
Published: December 2024

Nuclear energy is a crucial component in decarbonizing the economy, serving as a low carbon dioxide (CO₂) emission energy source. In this context, nuclear safety remains a critical issue, especially in relation to the operation of nuclear power plants. The article presents a new fractal-cluster method for controlling the tightness of the fuel element shell, which is important for nuclear safety. The method provides high-quality control of defects on the inner and outer surfaces of the shell without removing elements from the fuel assembly and from the nuclear reactor. This makes it possible to promptly detect damage that could threaten the containment integrity and safety of nuclear power plants. Studies have shown that the fractal dimension varies from 2.1 to 2.5, which indicates significant surface heterogeneity caused by mechanical damage or corrosion processes. The proposed method allows not only to detect defects but also to assess their impact on the integrity of the vessel. Real-time data integration with leakage control systems ensures timely threat responses. This approach enhances fuel shell leakage control, contributing to improved nuclear safety and reduced operational risks.
GenSQLi: A Generative AI Framework for Evolving and Securing Against SQL Injection Attacks
Authors: Babaey Vahid , Ravindran Arun A
Published: December 2024

The widespread adoption of web services has heightened exposure to cybersecurity threats, particularly SQL Injection (SQLi) attacks that target the database layers of web applications. Traditional Web Application Firewalls (WAFs) often fail to keep pace with evolving attack techniques, necessitating adaptive defense mechanisms. This paper introduces a novel generative AI framework designed to enhance SQLi mitigation by leveraging large language models (LLMs). The framework achieves two primary objectives: (1) generating diverse and validated SQLi payloads using in-context learning, thereby minimizing hallucinations, and (2) automating defense mechanisms by testing these payloads against a vulnerable web application secured by a WAF, classifying bypassing attacks, and constructing effective WAF security rules through generative AI techniques. Experimental results using the GPT-4o LLM demonstrate the framework’s efficacy: 514 new SQLi payloads were generated, 92.5% of which were validated against a MySQL database, and 89% of which successfully bypassed the ModSecurity WAF equipped with the latest OWASP Core Rule Set. By applying our automated rule-generation methodology, 99% of previously successful attacks were effectively blocked with only 23 new security rules. Results with the Google Gemini-Pro LLM are also presented.
Thoracic Fat Pad Biopsy in Cardiac Amyloidosis: Diagnostic Yield in an Afro-Caribbean Population
Authors: Mvita Bakatubia Cedrick , Vergier Romain , Simeon Mathilda , Buila Bimbi Nathan , Malka Nathan , Lounaci Karima , Herrera Bethencourt Maria , Fard Karim , Kristen Arnt , Banydeen Rishika , Monfort Astrid , Inamo Jocelyn , Mussigbrodt Andreas
Published: December 2024

Aims: Cardiac amyloidosis (CA) is associated with amyloid infiltration of extra-cardiac tissue, which may occur at early stages of the disease. This study evaluates the diagnostic utility of thoracic fat pad biopsy obtained during pacemaker or ICD implantation as an alternative to standard diagnostic criteria for systemic amyloidosis.
Methods and results: This exploratory, retrospective study included 27 patients with suspected or diagnosed cardiac amyloidosis (CA) who underwent pacemaker or defibrillator therapy. Of these, 16 patients were confirmed to have CA (15 with technetium-labeled bisphosphonate bone scintigraphy and 1 with protein electrophoresis and echocardiographic findings), while 11 were confirmed to be CA-negative. Thoracic fat pad biopsy demonstrated a specificity of 100% but a sensitivity of only 31%. Among patients with transthyretin (ATTR)-CA, sensitivity remained similarly low at 27%. These results are consistent with prior findings on abdominal fat pad biopsy in ATTR-CA, highlighting the limited diagnostic yield of this method.
Conclusion: Thoracic fat pad biopsy cannot be recommended as a standard diagnostic tool for CA, particularly in ATTR-CA, due to its poor sensitivity. However, in AL (amyloid light-chain) amyloidosis, this minimally invasive procedure may aid diagnosis without additional invasive interventions.
Influence of Piston Lubricant on the Distribution of Defects in Cold Chamber High Pressure Die Casting
Authors: Lu Jingzhou , Lordan Ewan , Zhang Yijie , Fan Zhongyun , Dou Kun
Published: December 2024

In the cold chamber high pressure die casting process (CC-HPDC) for light alloys, the piston lubricants play a key role in protecting the piston tip from wearing and ensure adequate seal with the shot sleeve. However, during the production process, the pouring of overheated melt into the shot sleeve would lead to evaporation and burning of the lubricants once in contact with the piston tip. The burning products, however, would form gas and non-metallic inclusions in the melt which would be transported and injected into the die area and finally trapped in the castings, all of which would affect the mechanical properties of the as-cast samples and deteriorate the product quality. To further investigate this issue, a pilot scale HPDC machine is used and the lubricant burning issue is studied based on material characterization and numerical modelling. The chemical composition, size and morphology of the burned products are observed using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. Based on this, a finite element model describing the entire HPDC process is established and the burning, motion, trapping of the lubricant are calculated. The final distribution of the burned products such as gas and non-metallic inclusions are predicted and their influence on final solidification quality of the as-cast products under various process parameters are analyzed qualitatively. Finally, the optimal process parameters such as piston shot profile, slow/fast shot speed are obtained to alleviate the burning of lubricant on final product quality.
Detection of Gammapolyomavirus Avis in New Species of Commercial and Conservation Captive Psittacines in Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Pedro Henrique Cotrin , Colacio Nicolas , Silva Carolina Rios , Oliveira Helen Christine Alves Magalhaes , Coelho Hannah Luiza Gonsalves , Carvalho Marcelo Pires Nogueira , Ecco Roselene , Amaral Camila Issa , Santos Daniel O , Souza Lucas Reis , Silva Laice Alves , Oliveira Ayisa Rodrigues , Santos Renato Lima , Martins Nelson Rodrigo da Silva
Published: December 2024

The captive native adult psittacines at human care, Amazona aestiva (blue-fronted parrot) and Ara chloropterus (red-and-green macaw), clinically affected with reduced activity/appetite and poor feathering, one found dead Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus (hyacinth macaw) and two exotic dead-in-nest Psittacula krameri (rose-ringed parakeet) were examined for signs and for ante- and post-mortem lesions, and for the presence of avian polyomavirus (APyV; Gammapolyomavirus avis) T/t genes. All individuals were tested-positive for APyV in skin and/or in other tissues such as blood, brain, liver, skin and spleen, and all were tested-negative for psittacine circovirus (BFDV). However, no association was found between the detection of APyV and the presence of macro or microscopic lesions. The APyV sequences detected in the A. aestiva and P. krameri were grouped together with high identity, which may suggest common origins. However, the sequence detected in A. hyacinthinus was dissimilar and grouped separate. The sequences detected had high identity with T/t gene sequences of strains previously described in distinct continents. The evaluation of avian species for APyV may not be available nor demanded in the international avian trade and may represent an avian health hazard. The biosecurity of the commercial avian pet flocks and the captive avifauna in rehabilitation is considered essential.
Passing the Wave – How Does the Action Potential Pulse Pass Between Axons and Dendrites?
Authors: Winlow William , Johnson Andrew
Published: December 2024

The action potential is an ensemble of three inseparable concurrent states, one of which is a soliton known as the action potential pulse (APPulse). Here we consider how the pulse may pass from one neuron to another. On the basis of the evidence we present here our working hypothesis is that the APPulse is passed mechanically from presynaptic terminals to postsynaptic dendrites via surrounding astrocytes. These cells are strongly connected to both pre- and postsynaptic neurons by synaptic adhesion molecules: cadherins and nectins.
A Comparative Analysis of European Media Coverage of Israel-Gaza War Using Hesitant Fuzzy Linguistic Term Sets
Authors: Abuasaker Walaa , Sanchez Monica , Nguyen Jennifer , Agell Nil , Agell Núria , Ruiz Francisco J.
Published: December 2024

Representing and interpreting human opinions within an unstructured framework is inherently complex. Hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets offer a comprehensive context that facilitates a nuanced understanding of diverse perspectives. This study introduces a methodology that integrates sentiment analysis with hesitant fuzzy linguistic term sets to effectively aggregate and compare news from diverse sources. By employing linguistic scales, our approach enhances the interpretation of various perceptions and attitudes, thus facilitating comprehensive knowledge extraction and representation. The main objective of this research is to conduct a comparative analysis of news coverage across European countries in relation to the Israel-Gaza war. This analysis aims to explore the different perceptions and attitudes surrounding the ongoing situation, highlighting how different nations perceive the conflict.