bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Amelanotic malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix diagnosed by cervical smear
Authors: Arık Deniz , Öge Tufan , Kabukçuoğlu Sare , Yalçın Ömer Tarık , Özalp Sinan
Published: March 2016

The melanocytic cells of the cervical epithelium are capable of forming the complete spectrum of melanocytic lesions, from benign lentigines to melanoma. Primary malignant melanoma of the uterine cervix is a rare neoplasm with aggressive behavior. The absence of melanin pigment can lead to misdiagnosis as carcinomas, sarcomas, or lymphoma. Immunohistochemical studies should be used for confirmation. In order to consent the cervix as a primary site, exclusion of any other probable primary sites of melanoma is needed. Here, we present a 61‐year‐old female patient with postmenopausal vaginal bleeding. After cervical smear, diagnosis was confirmed by cervical punch biopsy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:535–537. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Stress reactivity speeds basic encoding processes in infants
Authors: de Barbaro Kaya , Clackson Kaili , Wass Sam
Published: March 2016

Acute stress attenuates frontal lobe functioning and increases distractibility while enhancing subcortical processes in both human and nonhuman animals (reviewed by Arnsten [2009] Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6):410–422). To date however these relations have not been examined for their potential effects in developing populations. Here, we examined the relationship between stress reactivity (infants' heart rate response to watching videos of another child crying) and infant performance on measures of looking duration and visual recognition memory. Our findings indicate that infants with increased stress reactivity showed shorter look durations and more novelty preference. Thus, stress appears to lead to a faster, more stimulus‐ready attentional profile in infants. Additional work is required to assess potential negative consequences of stimulus‐responsivity, such as decreased focus or distractibility. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 58: 546–555, 2016.
DNA barcoding and evaluation of genetic diversity in Cyprinidae fish in the midstream of the Yangtze River
Authors: Shen Yanjun , Guan Lihong , Wang Dengqiang , Gan Xiaoni
Published: March 2016

The Yangtze River is the longest river in China and is divided into upstream and mid‐downstream regions by the Three Gorges (the natural barriers of the Yangtze River), resulting in a complex distribution of fish. Dramatic changes to habitat environments may ultimately threaten fish survival; thus, it is necessary to evaluate the genetic diversity and propose protective measures. Species identification is the most significant task in many fields of biological research and in conservation efforts. DNA barcoding, which constitutes the analysis of a short fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence, has been widely used for species identification. In this study, we collected 561 COI barcode sequences from 35 fish from the midstream of the Yangtze River. The intraspecific distances of all species were below 2% (with the exception of Acheilognathus macropterus and Hemibarbus maculatus). Nevertheless, all species could be unambiguously identified from the trees, barcoding gaps and taxonomic resolution ratio values. Furthermore, the COI barcode diversity was found to be low (≤0.5%), with the exception of H. maculatus (0.87%), A. macropterus (2.02%) and Saurogobio dabryi (0.82%). No or few shared haplotypes were detected between the upstream and downstream populations for ten species with overall nucleotide diversities greater than 0.00%, which indicated the likelihood of significant population genetic structuring. Our analyses indicated that DNA barcoding is an effective tool for the identification of cyprinidae fish in the midstream of the Yangtze River. It is vital that some protective measures be taken immediately because of the low COI barcode diversity.
A capillary zone electrophoresis method to detect conformers and dimers of antithrombin in therapeutic preparations
Authors: Marie Anne‐Lise , Tran Nguyet Thuy , Saller François , Abdou Youmna Mohamed , Zeau Pascal , Plantier Jean‐Luc , Urbain Rémi , Borgel Delphine , Taverna Myriam
Published: March 2016

Antithrombin (AT) is a human plasma glycoprotein that possesses anticoagulant and anti‐inflammatory properties. However, the native (active) form of AT is unstable and undergoes conformational changes, leading to latent, cleaved, and heterodimeric forms. The presence of these alternative forms mostly inactive can highly impact the quality and therapeutic activity of pharmaceutical AT preparations. We developed a capillary zone electrophoresis method, based on a neutral polyethylene oxide‐coated capillary and a buffer close to physiological conditions, enabling the separation of more than eight forms of AT. Several peaks were identified as native, latent, and heterodimeric forms. The CZE method was reproducible with intraday relative standard deviations less than 0.5 and 2% for migration times and peak areas, respectively. The method was applied to the comparison of AT preparations produced by five competitive pharmaceutical companies, and statistical tests were performed. Important differences in the proportion of each form were highlighted. In particular, one AT preparation was shown to contain a high quantity of heterodimer, and two preparations contained high quantities of latent form. In addition, one AT preparation exhibited additional forms, not yet identified.
Impact of human milk pasteurization on the kinetics of peptide release during in vitro dynamic term newborn digestion
Authors: Deglaire Amélie , De Oliveira Samira C. , Jardin Julien , Briard‐Bion Valérie , Emily Mathieu , Ménard Olivia , Bourlieu Claire , Dupont Didier
Published: March 2016

Holder pasteurization (62.5°C, 30 min) ensures sanitary quality of donor's human milk but also denatures beneficial proteins. Understanding whether this further impacts the kinetics of peptide release during gastrointestinal digestion of human milk was the aim of the present paper. Mature raw (RHM) or pasteurized (PHM) human milk were digested (RHM, n = 2; PHM, n = 3) by an in vitro dynamic system (term stage). Label‐free quantitative peptidomics was performed on milk and digesta (ten time points). Ascending hierarchical clustering was conducted on “Pasteurization × Digestion time” interaction coefficients. Preproteolysis occurred in human milk (159 unique peptides; RHM: 91, PHM: 151), mostly on β‐casein (88% of the endogenous peptides). The predicted cleavage number increased with pasteurization, potentially through plasmin activation (plasmin cleavages: RHM, 53; PHM, 76). During digestion, eight clusters resumed 1054 peptides from RHM and PHM, originating for 49% of them from β‐casein. For seven clusters (57% of peptides), the kinetics of peptide release differed between RHM and PHM. The parent protein was significantly linked to the clustering (p‐value = 1.4 E‐09), with β‐casein and lactoferrin associated to clusters in an opposite manner. Pasteurization impacted selectively gastric and intestinal kinetics of peptide release in term newborns, which may have further nutritional consequences.
An online profit optimisation framework for diverse requests in distributed datacentres
Authors: Wang J. , Bao W.
Published: March 2016

The rapid development of cloud computing attracts increasing amounts of enterprises and institutes to submit their diverse computing requests to the cloud service providers that are usually supported by large‐scale distributed datacentres. The explosion of service requests has drastically increased the operational expenditure of cloud service providers, which makes it imperative to find out a highly efficient method to reduce the cost and maximise the profit. However, the time and spatial differences of costs and the diverse characteristics of requests bring in multiple challenges to tackle this problem. In this work, we jointly take the electricity cost, communication cost and diverse characteristics of requests into consideration and propose a profit optimisation framework that includes three important decisions: service requests acceptance control, requests dispatching and resource provision. An efficient online algorithm is then designed to provide cloud service providers with the advice concerning these decisions to achieve the maximal time‐averaged profit over the long run. The rigorous theoretical analysis demonstrates that the proposed framework is able to approach a time averaged profit that is arbitrarily close to optimum. Extensive trace‐driven experiments further confirm the effectiveness and superiority of our framework. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
First Principles Modeling of Pd‐doped (La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3 Complex Perovskites
Authors: Mastrikov Yu. A. , Guo S. , Puleo F. , Liotta L. F. , Kotomin E. A.
Published: March 2016

(La,Sr)(Co,Fe)O3 (LSCF) perovskites are well known promising materials for cathodes of solid oxide fuel cells. In order to reduce cathode operational temperature, doping on B‐sublattice with different metals was suggested. Indeed, as it was shown recently experimentally, doping with low Pd content increases oxygen vacancy concentration which is one of factors controlling oxygen transport in fuel cells. In this Communication, we modeled this material using first principles DFT calculations combined with supercell model. The charge density redistribution, density of states, and local lattice distortion around palladium ions are analyzed and reduction of the vacancy formation energy confirmed.
Improvement of neuronal cell survival by astrocyte‐derived exosomes under hypoxic and ischemic conditions depends on prion protein
Authors: Guitart Kathrin , Loers Gabriele , Buck Friedrich , Bork Ute , Schachner Melitta , Kleene Ralf
Published: March 2016

Prion protein (PrP) protects neural cells against oxidative stress, hypoxia, ischemia, and hypoglycemia. In the present study we confirm that cultured PrP‐deficient neurons are more sensitive to oxidative stress than wild‐type neurons and present the novel findings that wild‐type, but not PrP‐deficient astrocytes protect wild‐type cerebellar neurons against oxidative stress and that exosomes released from stressed wild‐type, but not from stressed PrP‐deficient astrocytes reduce neuronal cell death induced by oxidative stress. We show that neuroprotection by exosomes of stressed astrocytes depends on exosomal PrP but not on neuronal PrP and that astrocyte‐derived exosomal PrP enters into neurons, suggesting neuronal uptake of astrocyte‐derived exosomes. Upon exposure of wild‐type astrocytes to hypoxic or ischemic conditions PrP levels in exosomes were increased. By mass spectrometry and Western blot analysis, we detected increased levels of 37/67 kDa laminin receptor, apolipoprotein E and the ribosomal proteins S3 and P0, and decreased levels of clusterin/apolipoprotein J in exosomes from wild‐type astrocytes exposed to oxygen/glucose deprivation relative to exosomes from astrocytes maintained under normoxic conditions. The levels of these proteins were not altered in exosomes from stressed PrP‐deficient astrocytes relative to unstressed PrP‐deficient astrocytes. These results indicate that PrP in astrocytes is a sensor for oxidative stress and mediates beneficial cellular responses, e.g. release of exosomes carrying PrP and other molecules, resulting in improved survival of neurons under hypoxic and ischemic conditions. GLIA 2016;64:896–910
Spatial organization of groundwater dynamics and streamflow response from different hydropedological units in a montane catchment
Authors: Blumstock M. , Tetzlaff D. , Dick J. J. , Nuetzmann G. , Soulsby C.
Published: March 2016

Groundwater dynamics play an important role in runoff generation and hydrologic connectivity between hillslopes and streams. We monitored a network of 14 shallow groundwater (GW) wells in a 3.2 km2 experimental catchment in the Scottish Highlands. Wells were placed in three contrasting landscape units with different hydropedological characteristics and different topographic positions relative to the stream network, encompassing a catena sequence from freely draining podzols on steeper hillslopes to increasingly thick peats (histosols) in the valley bottom riparian zone. GW dynamics were characterized by statistical analyses of water table fluctuations, estimation of variabilities in lag times and hysteresis response in relation to streamflow. The three landscape units had distinct storage–discharge relationships and threshold responses with a certain GW level above which lateral flow dominates. Steeper hillslopes with freely draining podzols were characterized by GW fluctuations of around 150 cm in the underlying drift. GW usually showed peak response up to several hours after stream flow. During persistent wet periods the water table remained in the soil profile for short spells and connected shallow flow paths in the near surface horizons to the lower hillslopes. In the peaty gleys in the lower foot slopes, GW was characterized by a water table generally within 20 cm of the soil surface, though at some locations this could fall to 50 cm in extreme dry periods. GW responses were usually a few hours prior to the stream responses. In riparian peats, the water table was also usually less than 20 cm deep and responded several hours before the stream. These riparian peat soils remain at, or very near saturation with near‐continuous GW–surface water connectivity. In contrast, the steeper slopes remain disconnected for prolonged periods and need large recharge events to overcome storage thresholds. GW responses vary seasonally, and landscape controls on the spatial organization of GW dynamics are strongest at low flows and in small events. During wettest periods, limited storage and extensive saturation weaken such controls. This study demonstrated that montane catchments can have highly dynamic GW stores, which are important in generating both storm flows and baseflows. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling the impact of agroforestry on hydrology of Mara River Basin in East Africa
Authors: Mwangi Hosea M. , Julich Stefan , Patil Sopan D. , McDonald Morag A. , Feger Karl‐Heinz
Published: March 2016

Land‐use change is one of the main drivers of watershed hydrology change. The effect of forestry related land‐use changes (e.g. afforestation, deforestation, agroforestry) on water fluxes depends on climate, watershed characteristics and spatial scale. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) model was calibrated, validated and used to simulate the impact of agroforestry on the water balance in the Mara River Basin (MRB) in East Africa. Model performance was assessed by Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) and Kling–Gupta Efficiency (KGE). The NSE (and KGE) values for calibration and validation were: 0.77 (0.88) and 0.74 (0.85) for the Nyangores sub‐watershed, and 0.78 (0.89) and 0.79 (0.63) for the entire MRB. It was found that agroforestry in the watershed would generally reduce surface runoff, mainly because of enhanced infiltration. However, it would also increase evapotranspiration and consequently reduce baseflow and overall water yield, which was attributed to increased water use by trees. Spatial scale was found to have a significant effect on water balance; the impact of agroforestry was higher at the smaller headwater catchment (Nyangores) than for the larger watershed (entire MRB). However, the rate of change in water yield with an increase in area under agroforestry was different for the two and could be attributed to the spatial variability of climate within the MRB. Our results suggest that direct extrapolation of the findings from a small sub‐catchment to a larger watershed may not always be accurate. These findings could guide watershed managers on the level of trade‐offs that might occur between reduced water yields and other benefits (e.g. soil erosion control, improved soil productivity) offered by agroforestry. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
RP‐CARS reveals molecular spatial order anomalies in myelin of an animal model of Krabbe disease
Authors: de Vito Giuseppe , Cappello Valentina , Tonazzini Ilaria , Cecchini Marco , Piazza Vincenzo
Published: March 2016

Krabbe disease (KD) is a rare demyelinating sphingolipidosis, often fatal in the first years of life. It is caused by the inactivation of the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) enzyme that causes an increase in the cellular levels of psychosine considered to be at the origin of the tissue‐level effects. GALC is inactivated also in the Twitcher (TWI) mouse: a genetic model of KD that is providing important insights into the understating of the pathogenetic process and the development of possible treatments. In this article an innovative optical technique, RP‐CARS, is proposed as a tool to study the degree of order of the CH2 bonds inside the myelin sheaths of TWI‐mice sciatic‐nerve fibres. RP‐CARS, a recently developed variation of CARS microscopy, is able to combine the intrinsic chemical selectivity of CARS microscopy with molecular‐bond‐spatial‐orientation sensibility. This is the first time RP‐CARS is applied to the study of a genetic model of a pathology, leading to the demonstration of a post‐onset progressive spatial disorganization of the myelin CH2 bonds. The presented result could be of great interest for a deeper understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the human KD and, moreover, it is an additional proof of the experimental validity of this microscopy technique.

RP‐CARS image (2850 cm–1, CH2 bonds) of a sciatic‐nerve optical longitudinal section from a Twitcher P23 (symptomatic) mouse. Scale bar: 10 microns. The image was constructed by colour‐mapping the degree of molecular order of the CH2 bonds inside the myelin walls, as displayed in the colour bar on the right.

magnified image

RP‐CARS image (2850 cm–1, CH2 bonds) of a sciatic‐nerve optical longitudinal section from a Twitcher P23 (symptomatic) mouse. Scale bar: 10 microns. The image was constructed by colour‐mapping the degree of molecular order of the CH2 bonds inside the myelin walls, as displayed in the colour bar on the right.
Extracellular matrix components supporting human islet function in alginate‐based immunoprotective microcapsules for treatment of diabetes
Authors: Llacua Alberto , de Haan Bart J. , Smink Sandra A. , de Vos Paul
Published: March 2016

In the pancreas, extracellular matrix (ECM) components play an import role in providing mechanical and physiological support, and also contribute to the function of islets. These ECM‐connections are damaged during islet‐isolation from the pancreas and are not fully recovered after encapsulation and transplantation. To promote the functional survival of human pancreatic islets, we tested different ECMs molecules in alginate‐encapsulated human islets. These were laminin derived recognition sequences, IKVAV, RGD, LRE, PDSGR, collagen I sequence DGEA (0.01 − 1.0 mM), and collagen IV (50 − 200 µg/mL). Interaction with RGD and PDSGR promoted islet viability and glucose induced insulin secretion (GIIS) when it was applied at concentrations ranging from 0.01 − 1.0 mM (p < 0.05). Also the laminin sequence LRE contributed to enhanced GIIS but only at higher concentrations of 1 mM (p < 0.05). Collagen IV also had beneficial effects but only at 50 µg/ml and no further improvement was observed at higher concentrations. IKVAV and DGEA had no effects on human islets. Synergistic effects were observed by adding Collagen(IV)‐RGD, Collagen(IV)‐LRE, and Collagen(IV)‐PDSGR to encapsulated human islets. Our results demonstrate the potential of specific ECM components in support of functional survival of human encapsulated and free islet grafts. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1788–1796, 2016.
Bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells in three‐dimensional culture promote neuronal regeneration by neurotrophic protection and immunomodulation
Authors: Han Sufang , Wang Bin , Li Xing , Xiao Zhifeng , Han Jin , Zhao Yannan , Fang Yongxiang , Yin Yanyun , Chen Bing , Dai Jianwu
Published: March 2016

Accumulating evidence has revealed three‐dimensional (3D) culture could better mimic the stem cell niche in vivo in comparison with conventional two‐dimensional (2D) culture. In this study, we found that bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) cultured in 3D collagen scaffold (3D BMSCs) exhibited distinctive features including significantly enhancing neurotrophic factor secretions and reducing macrophage activations challenged by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro. To further evaluate 3D BMSCs' potential benefits to the regeneration of spinal cord injury (SCI), the 3D and 2D BMSCs were respectively implanted in rat hemisected SCI. Compared with 2D cohort, 3D BMSCs transplantation significantly reduced the expressions of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF‐α, IL‐1β, and IL‐6 at 5 days after transplantation, markedly enhanced axonal regeneration, and promoted motor functional recovery during 8 weeks of observation. When Nocodazole was used to depolymerize the cytoskeleton of 3D BMSCs, the changed expressions of neurotrophic factors and inflammatory cytokines were blunted, at least partially. Thus synergistic effects of neuronal protection and immunomodulation of 3D BMSCs may lead to a better functional recovery of SCI and the underlying mechanism may involve the alteration of their cellular morphology because of 3D culture. This study contributes to a better understanding of the cellular characteristics of 3D BMSCs and provides a novel strategy to promote the repair of the injured spinal cord. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1759–1769, 2016.
Repair of rat critical size calvarial defect using osteoblast‐like and umbilical vein endothelial cells seeded in gelatin/hydroxyapatite scaffolds
Authors: Johari Behrooz , Ahmadzadehzarajabad Maryam , Azami Mahmoud , Kazemi Mansure , Soleimani Mansooreh , Kargozar Saied , Hajighasemlou Saieh , Farajollahi Mohammad M , Samadikuchaksaraei Ali
Published: March 2016

The present study used a previously developed three‐dimensional Gelatin/Hydroxyapatite (Gel/HA) homogeneous nanocomposite scaffold with porosity of 82% and interconnecting pores ranging from 300 to 500 μm. Cell‐seeded scaffolds were used to evaluate bone regeneration of rat critical‐size calvarial defect. Totally, 36 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four experimental groups, including blank defect (defects without any graft), blank scaffold (defects filled with Gel/HA scaffold without cells), and two groups of cell‐seeded scaffolds (defects filled with either Gel/HA scaffold seeded with osteoblast‐like and endothelial cells or osteoblast‐like cell‐seeded constructs). After 1, 4, and 12 weeks of scaffold implantation, rats were sacrificed and the calvaria were harvested for histological, immunohistochemical and histomorphometric analysis. In vitro tests showed that scaffolds were nontoxic to cells and promoted ideal cellular attachment. In vivo investigation on scaffold revealed that blank calvarial defects indicated incomplete tissue coverage and little evidence of bone healing. However, blank scaffold and cell‐seeded scaffolds significantly promoted osteoconduction and ostegogenesis. Taken together, pre‐seeded Gel/HA nanocomposite scaffold with osteoblasts and endothelial cells presented an effective combination to improve osteogenesis in the engineered bone implant. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 1770–1778, 2016.
Mechanical Vibration Mitigates the Decrease of Bone Quantity and Bone Quality of Leptin Receptor-Deficient Db/Db Mice by Promoting Bone Formation and Inhibiting Bone Resorption
Authors: Jing Da , Luo Erping , Cai Jing , Tong Shichao , Zhai Mingming , Shen Guanghao , Wang Xin , Luo Zhuojing
Published: March 2016

Leptin, a major hormonal product of adipocytes, is involved in regulating appetite and energy metabolism. Substantial studies have revealed the anabolic actions of leptin on skeletons and bone cells both in vivo and in vitro. Growing evidence has substantiated that leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice exhibit decreased bone mass and impaired bone microstructure despite several conflicting results previously reported. We herein systematically investigated bone microarchitecture, mechanical strength, bone turnover and its potential molecular mechanisms in db/db mice. More importantly, we also explored an effective approach for increasing bone mass in leptin receptor-deficient animals in an easy and noninvasive manner. Our results show that deterioration of trabecular and cortical bone microarchitecture and decreases of skeletal mechanical strength―including maximum load, yield load, stiffness, energy, tissue-level modulus and hardness―in db/db mice were significantly ameliorated by 12-week, whole-body vibration (WBV) with 0.5 g, 45 Hz via micro–computed tomography (μCT), three-point bending, and nanoindentation examinations. Serum biochemical analysis shows that WBV significantly decreased serum tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP5b) and CTx-1 levels and also mitigated the reduction of serum osteocalcin (OCN) in db/db mice. Bone histomorphometric analysis confirmed that decreased bone formation―lower mineral apposition rate, bone formation rate, and osteoblast numbers in cancellous bone―in db/db mice were suppressed by WBV. Real-time PCR assays show that WBV mitigated the reductions of tibial alkaline phosphatase (ALP), OCN, Runt-related transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), type I collagen (COL1), BMP2, Wnt3a, Lrp6, and β-catenin mRNA expression, and prevented the increases of tibial sclerostin (SOST), RANK, RANKL, RANL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) gene levels in db/db mice. Our results show that WBV promoted bone quantity and quality in db/db mice with obvious anabolic and anticatabolic effects. This study not only enriches our basic knowledge about bone quality and bone turnover mechanisms in leptin receptor-deficient animals, but also advances our understanding of the skeletal sensitivity of leptin-resistant db/db mice in response to external mechanical stimulation. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Temperature dependence of strain energy and thermodynamic properties of V2O5‐based single‐walled nanotubes: Zone‐folding approach
Authors: Porsev Vitaly V. , Bandura Andrei V. , Evarestov Robert A.
Published: March 2016

A zone‐folding approach is applied to estimate the thermodynamic properties of V2O5‐based nanotubes. The results obtained are compared with those from the direct calculations. It is shown that the zone‐folding approximation allows an accurate estimation of nanotube thermodynamic properties and gives a gain in computation time compared to their direct calculations. Both approaches show that temperature effects do not change the relative stability of V2O5 free layers and nanotubes derived from the α‐ and γ‐phase. The internal energy thermal contributions into the strain energy of nanotubes are small and can be ignored. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Building Community Capacity and Fostering Disaster Resilience
Authors: Gil‐Rivas Virginia , Kilmer Ryan P.
Published: March 2016

Objective

To describe, within an ecologically grounded framework, key principles, and recommendations for community‐level intervention to build community capacity and promote disaster resilience.

Method

Using an ecological framework, this article describes community resilience and related constructs and key principles for community‐level disaster preparedness and response.

Results

Current research suggests the importance of focusing on bolstering resources that promote wellness and facilitate individual and community resilience in the face of disaster.

Conclusion

We advocate for using an ecological framework grounded in such values as collaboration, social justice, empowerment, and an appreciation of diversity to guide disaster work with communities. We highlight the need to: (a) focus on building community‐specific capacity for disaster preparedness, response, and recovery; (b) emphasize increasing the capacity and supportive potential of community members’ natural settings to promote wellness; (c) address power and resource inequities; and (d) enhance capacity to ensure contextually and culturally appropriate structures, methods, and interventions.
Recycling of inorganic waste in monolithic and cellular glass‐based materials for structural and functional applications
Authors: Rincón Acacio , Marangoni Mauro , Cetin Suna , Bernardo Enrico
Published: March 2016

The stabilization of inorganic waste of various nature and origin, in glasses, has been a key strategy for environmental protection for the last decades. When properly formulated, glasses may retain many inorganic contaminants permanently, but it must be acknowledged that some criticism remains, mainly concerning costs and energy use. As a consequence, the sustainability of vitrification largely relies on the conversion of waste glasses into new, usable and marketable glass‐based materials, in the form of monolithic and cellular glass‐ceramics. The effective conversion in turn depends on the simultaneous control of both starting materials and manufacturing processes. While silica‐rich waste favours the obtainment of glass, iron‐rich wastes affect the functionalities, influencing the porosity in cellular glass‐based materials as well as catalytic, magnetic, optical and electrical properties. Engineered formulations may lead to important reductions of processing times and temperatures, in the transformation of waste‐derived glasses into glass‐ceramics, or even bring interesting shortcuts. Direct sintering of wastes, combined with recycled glasses, as an example, has been proven as a valid low‐cost alternative for glass‐ceramic manufacturing, for wastes with limited hazardousness. The present paper is aimed at providing an up‐to‐date overview of the correlation between formulations, manufacturing technologies and properties of most recent waste‐derived, glass‐based materials. © 2016 The Authors.Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnologypublished by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Prenatal diagnosis of periventricular nodular heterotopia in borderline ventriculomegaly using sonography and magnetic resonance imaging
Authors: Sahinoglu Zeki , Yapicier Ozlem , Ozcan Nahit
Published: March 2016

Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PNH) is usually missed on prenatal sonographic examinations, even on targeted scans. Irregular ventricular walls on axial view and irregular square‐shaped lateral ventricles on coronal view are suggestive of PNH in the early third trimester. To achieve an early prenatal diagnosis, it is important to keep in mind the possible coexistence of PNH with brain malformations such as ventriculomegaly, posterior fossa anomalies, or agenesis of corpus callosum. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 44:510–513, 2016
One‐Pot Pseudo Five‐Component Synthesis of Some New bis(Quinazolinon‐4(1H)‐one) Derivatives
Authors: Mohammadi Ali A. , Taheri Salman , Askari Saber
Published: March 2016

A versatile pathway for the synthesis of novel bis(quinazolinon‐4(1H)‐one) derivatives by one‐pot pseudo five‐component condensation of two molecules isatoic anhydrides, two molecules orthoesters, and diamines in high yields and short reaction time is described. The work‐up is easy, and the products are obtained in good‐to‐excellent yields and high purity.
Structure and outcomes of interdisciplinary rounds in hospitalized medicine patients: A systematic review and suggested taxonomy
Authors: Bhamidipati V. Surekha , Elliott Daniel J. , Justice Ellen M. , Belleh Ene , Sonnad Seema S. , Robinson Edmondo J.
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND

Interdisciplinary rounds (IDR) have been described to improve outcomes. However, there is limited understanding of optimal IDR design.

PURPOSE

To systematically review published reports of IDR to catalog types of IDR and outcomes, and assess the influence of IDR design on outcomes.

DATA SOURCES

Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In‐Process & Other Non‐Indexed Citations, Journals Ovid, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (EBSCOhost), and PubMed from 1990 through December 2014, and hand searching of article bibliographies.

STUDY SELECTION

Experimental, quasiexperimental, and observation studies in English‐language literature where physicians rounded with another healthcare professional in inpatient medicine units.

DATA EXTRACTION

Studies were abstracted for study setting and characteristics, and design and outcomes of IDR.

DATA SYNTHESIS

Twenty‐two studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Many were of low to medium quality with few high‐quality studies. There is no clear definition of IDR in the literature. There was wide variation in IDR design and team composition across studies. We found three different models of IDR: pharmacist focused, bedside rounding, and interdisciplinary team rounding. There are reasonable data to support an association with length of stay and staff satisfaction but little data on patient safety or satisfaction. Positive outcomes may be related to particular components of IDR design, but the relationship between design and outcomes remains unclear.

CONCLUSIONS

Future studies should be more deliberately designed and fully reported with careful attention to team composition and features of IDR and their impact on selected outcomes. We present a proposed IDR definition and taxonomy for future studies. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2016;11:513–523. © 2016 Society of Hospital Medicine
Aid for Gender Equality and Development: Lessons and Challenges
Authors: Grown Caren , Addison Tony , Tarp Finn
Published: March 2016

This UNU‐WIDER special issue of the Journal of International Development comprises a set of papers on the theme of aid and gender equality. While the topic of aid effectiveness has been examined in this journal and elsewhere, the focus on how well development assistance to countries and non‐governmental organizations promotes gender equality and empowers women is relatively new. This special issue is the first to marshal quantitative evidence and case studies on several themes: (1) macroanalyses of aid effectiveness and gender equality; (2) the determinants of aid for gender equality and women's empowerment; and (3) gender issues related to aid for education, health, land administration, fragile states and climate finance. © 2016 UNU‐WIDER. Journal of International Development published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in immunocompromised adults on a hematology ward
Authors: Jensen Tomas Ostergaard , Stelzer‐Braid Sacha , Willenborg Christiana , Cheung Carol , Andresen David , Rawlinson William , Clezy Kate
Published: March 2016

We describe an outbreak of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection on a hematology ward without allogeneic stem cell transplant patients. Twelve patients and one staff member infected with RSV were identified from the laboratory database. Five patients had lower respiratory tract infection, seven had upper respiratory tract infection, one was asymptomatic, and there were two (15.4%) deaths. Most patients had overlapping periods of potential infectiousness on the ward. Sequencing was possible on eight specimens and five of these had identical sequences. Results were consistent with transmission occurring both on the ward and by introduction of RSV from the community. J. Med. Virol. 88:1827–1831, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Parallel FETI‐DP algorithm for efficient simulation of large‐scale EM problems
Authors: Zhang Kedi , Jin Jian‐Ming
Published: March 2016

An efficient parallelization of the dual‐primal finite‐element tearing and interconnecting (FETI‐DP) algorithm is presented for large‐scale electromagnetic simulations. As a nonoverlapping domain decomposition method, the FETI‐DP algorithm formulates a global interface problem, whose iterative solution is accelerated with a solution of a global corner problem. To achieve a good load balance for parallel computation, the original computational domain is decomposed into subdomains with similar sizes and shapes. The subdomains are then distributed to processors based on their close proximity to minimize inter‐processor communication. The parallel generalized minimal residual method, enhanced with the iterative classical Gram‐Schmidt orthogonalization scheme to reduce global communication, is adopted to solve the global interface problem with a fast convergence rate. The global corner‐related coarse problem is solved iteratively with a parallel communication‐avoiding biconjugate gradient stabilized method to minimize global communication, and its convergence is accelerated by a diagonal preconditioner constructed from the coarse system matrix. To alleviate neighboring communication overhead, the non‐blocking communication approach is employed in both generalized minimal residual and communication‐avoiding biconjugate gradient stabilized iterative solutions. Three numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the accuracy, scalability, and capability of the proposed parallel FETI‐DP algorithm for electromagnetic modeling of general objects and antenna arrays. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modelling and control of six‐phase induction motor servo‐driven continuously variable transmission system using blend modified recurrent Gegenbauer orthogonal polynomial neural network control system and amended artificial bee colony optimization
Authors: Lin Chih‐Hong
Published: March 2016

Because the nonlinear and time‐varying characteristics of the continuously variable transmission system operated using a six‐phase copper rotor induction motor are unknown, improving the control performance of the linear control design is time‐consuming. To capture the nonlinear and dynamic behaviour of the six‐phase copper rotor induction motor servo‐driven continuously variable transmission system, a blend modified recurrent Gegenbauer orthogonal polynomial neural network (NN) control system, which has the online learning capability to return to the nonlinear time‐varying system, was developed. The blend modified recurrent Gegenbauer orthogonal polynomial NN control system can perform overseer control, modified recurrent Gegenbauer orthogonal polynomial NN control, and recompensed control. Moreover, the adaptation law of online parameters in the modified recurrent Gegenbauer orthogonal polynomial NN is based on the Lyapunov stability theorem. The use of amended artificial bee colony optimization yielded two optimal learning rates for the parameters, which helped improve convergence. Finally, comparison of the experimental results of the present study with those of previous studies demonstrated the high control performance of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of biochar on nutrient retention and nectarine tree performance: A three‐year field trial
Authors: Sorrenti Giovambattista , Ventura Maurizio , Toselli Moreno
Published: March 2016

We performed a series of experiments in controlled conditions to assess the potential of hardwood‐derived biochar either as a source or as a removing additive of macronutrients [nitrate‐nitrogen (NO3‐N), ammonium‐N (NH4‐N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg)] in solution. In addition, a 3‐year field trial was carried out in a commercial nectarine orchard to evaluate the effect of increasing soil‐applied biochar rates on tree nutritional status, yield, fruit quality, soil pH, soil NO3‐N, and NH4‐N concentration and soil water content. In controlled conditions, the concentrations of K, P, Mg, and NH4‐N in solution were significantly increased and positively correlated with biochar rates. Biochar was ineffective in removing NO3‐N, K, P, and Mg from enriched solutions, while at the rate of 40 g L−1 biochar removed almost 52% of the initial NH4‐N concentration. In a mature, irrigated, fertilized, commercial nectarine orchard (Big Top/GF677) on a sandy‐loam soil in the Italian Po Valley, soil‐applied biochar at the rates of 5, 15, and 30 t ha−1 were effective in reducing the leached amount of NH4‐N in the top 0.25 m soil layer over 13 months, as estimated by ion exchange resin lysimeters. Nevertheless, independent of the rate, biochar did not affect soil pH, soil N mineral availability, soil moisture, tree nutritional status, yield, and fruit quality. We conclude that, unless an evident constraint is identified, in non‐limiting conditions (e.g., water availability and soil fertility), potential benefits from biochar application in commercial orchards are hidden or negligible.
Surface‐enhanced Raman scattering characteristics of CuO : Mn/Ag heterojunction probed by methyl orange: effect of Mn2+ doping
Authors: Prakash Om , Kumar Shiv , Singh Pushkar , Deckert Volker , Chatterjee S. , Ghosh A.K. , Singh Ranjan K.
Published: March 2016

Interest in the synthesis of hybrid substrates for surface‐enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has surged recently. Hereof, in the present work, a hybrid SERS substrate CuO : Mn/Ag heterojunction has been synthesised. To accomplish this, the nanostructred Ag island film and CuO : Mn nanoparticles are synthesised by vacuum thermal evaporation method and sol–gel method respectively, and thereafter, a heterojunction between the CuO : Mn and Ag is fabricated by adsorption of CuO : Mn (10‐3 m in ethanol) on Ag island film. Further, the SERS sensitivity of CuO : Mn/Ag heterojunctions has been studied by probing methyl orange. We observed that with Mn‐doping in the lattice of CuO, the SERS signal is enhanced considerably because of ferromagnetic ordering in CuO : Mn. DFT/B3LYP/6‐311 G(d, p) method is used to calculate the energy of HOMO and LUMO level of methyl orange. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Resonant Raman‐based cytochrome C biosensor as a tool for evaluating the oxidative properties of the diesel exhaust particulate matter
Authors: Lucotti Andrea , Catelani Tiziano , Ciriello Francesco , Gualtieri Maurizio , Parenti Paolo , Camatini Marina , Zerbi Giuseppe
Published: March 2016

Air pollution mostly originating from car exhaust and industrial emissions is seriously endangering human health. The study of toxic effects of particulate matter (PM) is a subject of very active research that covers a broad field from biology to chemistry and technology. The main issue of these works is the understanding of the oxidative properties of PM. In this paper, we present a quantitative analytical method based on the resonance Raman spectroscopy of cytocrome c that can be used to monitor the oxidative reactions that may take place between biological samples and PM. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Importance of margin width in breast‐conserving treatment of early breast cancer
Authors: Bodilsen Anne , Bjerre Karsten , Offersen Birgitte V. , Vahl Pernille , Amby Nikolaj , Dixon J. Michael , Ejlertsen Bent , Overgaard Jens , Christiansen Peer
Published: March 2016

Background and Method

The association between margin width and ipsilateral breast tumour recurrence (IBTR, defined as invasive recurrence) was investigated in a population‐based nationwide cohort of 11,900 patients undergoing breast‐conserving therapy for invasive cancer.

Results

The median follow‐up was 4.9 years. The cumulative incidence of IBTR at 5 and 9 years was 2.4% and 5.9%, respectively. A final positive margin increased the risk of IBTR (HR 2.51; 95% CI 1.02–6.23). No decrease in IBTR with a wider negative margin compared to a narrow but negative margin was observed in the adjusted analysis of margin width (>0 to <2 mm vs. ≥2 to <5 mm vs. ≥5 mm (reference): HR 1.54 (CI 95% 0.81–2.93) vs. 0.95 (CI 95% 0.56–1.62) vs. 1). However, few patients had narrow margins. The factors associated with increased IBTR were young age (P < 0.001), >4 positive lymph nodes (P = 0.008) and re‐excision (P = 0.003). A reduced risk of IBTR was observed with chemotherapy (P < 0.001), boost radiation (P = 0.023) and ER positivity (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

An overall low rate of IBTR was observed. A final positive margin was associated with a more than twofold risk of IBTR. There was no evidence for better local control with wider margins, but the data were insufficient to show whether narrow margins were as good as wider negative margins in terms of local control. J. Surg. Oncol. 2016;113:609–615. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
N‐ and O‐linked glycosylation site profiling of the human basic salivary proline‐rich protein 3M
Authors: Manconi Barbara , Cabras Tiziana , Sanna Monica , Piras Valentina , Liori Barbara , Pisano Elisabetta , Iavarone Federica , Vincenzoni Federica , Cordaro Massimo , Faa Gavino , Castagnola Massimo , Messana Irene
Published: March 2016

In the present study, we show that the heterogeneous mixture of glycoforms of the basic salivary proline‐rich protein 3M, encoded by PRB3‐M locus, is a major component of the acidic soluble fraction of human whole saliva in the first years of life. Reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with high‐resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry analysis of the intact proteoforms before and after N‐deglycosylation with Peptide‐N‐Glycosidase F and tandem mass spectrometry sequencing of peptides obtained after Endoproteinase GluC digestion allowed the structural characterization of the peptide backbone and identification of N‐ and O‐glycosylation sites. The heterogeneous mixture of the proteoforms derives from the combination of 8 different neutral and sialylated glycans O‐linked to Threonine 50, and 33 different glycans N‐linked to Asparagine residues at positions 66, 87, 108, 129, 150, 171, 192, and 213.
Assessment of Polygonum capitatum Buch.‐Ham. ex D.Don by metabolomics based on gas chromatography with mass spectrometry
Authors: Han Pei , Huang Yong , Hylands Peter J. , Legido‐Quigley Cristina
Published: March 2016

Polygonum capitatum is widely used in southwest China. It has considerable therapeutic efficacy for urinary tract infections. P. capitatum contains multiple components and quality assessment can be achieved by means of metabolic fingerprinting. In this paper, a new strategy for P. capitatum quality determination was developed. Eleven batches of P. capitatum were collected from five geographical areas in China including a standard batch regulated by Good Agriculture Practice. Gas chromatography with mass spectrometry was used to generate fingerprints from triplicate extractions to each batch (n = 33). Hierarchical clustering analysis was applied to assess similarities among the ten batches to the standard batches. Orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminate analysis, cross‐validated with permutation tests, was performed to investigate discriminating metabolites. Results demonstrated that the overall evaluation hierarchical clustering analysis clustered two batches with distance > 3. Orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminate analysis (R2Y (cum) = 0.997, Q2 (cum) = 0.97, CV‐ANOVA = 8.48 × 10−11) indicated that several sugars contributed to batch classification. This method is a rational approach that can classify against a regulated plant standard and distinguishes samples from different origins or processing time in a holistic manner and metabolites driving any differences can be easily identified.