bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence and implications of pre‐existing humoral cross‐reactive immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Mveang Nzoghe Amandine , Essone Paulin N. , Leboueny Marielle , Maloupazoa Siawaya Anicet Christel , Bongho Eliode Cyrien , Mvoundza Ndjindji Ofilia , Avome Houechenou Rotimi Myrabelle , Agnandji Selidji Todagbe , Djoba Siawaya Joel Fleury
Published: December 2020

Background

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) has emerged throughout the world. Building knowledge around Covid‐19 is crucial to devise facts based approaches to respond efficiently against this pandemic.

Aim

We aimed to investigate pre‐existing humoral cross‐reactive immunity to SARS‐CoV‐2.

Method

We have tested the reactivity against SARS‐CoV‐2 nucleocapsid (N) antigen of sera collected from healthy healthcare volunteers in 2014. We assessed immunoglobulins reactive against SARS‐CoV‐2 N‐antigen using a well‐validated serological platform; Elecsys assay.

Results

Sera from 32 subjects (out of 135 [23.7%]) were reactive to SARS‐CoV‐2 N‐antigen, suggesting the presence of anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 N‐antigen antibodies.

Conclusion

Although the clinical relevance of the observed reactivity can only be speculated and needs to be investigated, the implication of this finding for coronavirus disease 2019 seroepidemiological survey and vaccines' clinical trials is critical.
Age‐stratified reference intervals unlock the clinical potential of circulating cell‐free DNA as a biomarker of poor outcome for healthy individuals and patients with colorectal cancer
Authors: Ørntoft Mai‐Britt Worm , Jensen Sarah Østrup , Øgaard Nadia , Henriksen Tenna Vesterman , Ferm Linnea , Christensen Ib Jarle , Reinert Thomas , Larsen Ole Halfdan , Nielsen Hans Jørgen , Andersen Claus Lindbjerg
Published: December 2020

Circulating cell‐free DNA (cfDNA) has spurred much interest as a biomarker in oncology. However, inter‐ and intra‐individual cfDNA levels vary greatly. Consequently, in order to base clinical decisions on cfDNA measurements, normal reference intervals are essential to avoid that ordinary variation is confused with clinically relevant change. The lack of reference intervals may potentially explain the ambiguous results reported in the field. Our study aimed to establish reference intervals and to evaluate the association between cfDNA and demographic and clinical variables, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Plasma samples and clinical data from 2817 subjects were collected including 1930 noncancer individuals and 887 CRC patients. cfDNA was measured using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The large cohort combined with robust cfDNA quantification enabled establishment of reference intervals (<67 years: 775‐4860 copies/mL; ≥67 years: 807‐6561 copies/mL). A cfDNA level above the age‐stratified 90% percentile was prognostic of reduced survival in both noncancer individuals and CRC patients, with HR values of 2.56 and 2.01, respectively. Moreover, cfDNA levels increased significantly with age, elevated BMI and chronic diseases. In CRC, the cfDNA level was increased for Stage IV, but not Stage I to Stage III cancer. In summary, the use of reference intervals revealed that high cfDNA levels were predictive of shorter survival in both noncancer individuals and CRC patients, and that CRC development did not affect the cfDNA level until metastatic dissemination. Furthermore, cfDNA levels were impacted by age and chronic diseases. Conclusively, our study presents reference intervals that will help pave the way for clinical utilization of cfDNA.
Statin use and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma outcomes
Authors: Getz Kayla R. , Bellile Emily , Zarins Katie R. , Rullman Cailey , Chinn Steven B. , Taylor Jeremy M. G. , Rozek Laura S. , Wolf Gregory T. , Mondul Alison M.
Published: December 2020

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a morbid cancer with poor outcomes. Statins possess anticancer properties such as immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory effects. The objective of our study is to identify the association between statin use among untreated HNSCC patients and overall death, disease‐specific death and recurrence. HNSCC patients were recruited to participate in the University of Michigan Head and Neck Cancer Specialized Program of Research Excellence (SPORE) from 2003 to 2014. Statin use data were collected through medical record review. Participants were considered a statin user if they used a statin at or after diagnosis. Outcome data were collected through medical record review, Social Security Death Index or LexisNexis. Our analytic cohort included 1638 participants. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate the association between ever statin use and HNSCC outcomes. Statin use was seen in 36.0% of participants. We observed a statistically significant inverse association between ever using a statin and overall death (HR = 0.75, 95% CI = 0.63‐0.88) and HNSCC‐specific death (HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.63‐0.99) and a nonstatistically significant inverse association for recurrence (HR = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.70‐1.04). When investigating the association between statin use and HNSCC outcomes utilizing interaction terms between statin use and human papillomavirus (HPV), statistically significant interactions for HNSCC‐specific death and recurrence were identified (HNSCC‐specific death: HPV‐positive HR = 0.41, 95% CI = 0.21‐0.84; HPV‐negative HR = 1.04, 95% CI = 0.71‐1.51; p‐int=0.02; recurrence: HPV‐positive HR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.29‐0.84; HPV‐negative HR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.74‐1.43; p=int‐0.02). Statin use may be protective for adverse outcomes in HNSCC patients, particularly those with HPV‐positive disease. If true, these findings could have a meaningful impact on tertiary prevention for this cancer.
Natural history of oral HPV infection: Longitudinal analyses in prospective cohorts from Australia
Authors: Antonsson Annika , de Souza Marjorie , Wood Zoe C. , Carroll Angela , Van Kim , Paterson Lachlan , Pandeya Nirmala , Whiteman David C.
Published: December 2020

Oral infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is likely to underpin the rapidly rising incidence of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma; however, there are few data describing the natural history of oral HPV infection. We recruited 704 participants aged 20 to 70 years from worksites, universities and primary care practices in Brisbane, Australia. Participants completed questionnaires at baseline, 12 and 24 months and donate four saliva samples at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 months for HPV polymerase chain reaction testing and typing. We estimated the prevalence of oral HPV infection at baseline, incidence of new infections among those HPV‐negative at baseline, clearance rate and persistent infections. At baseline, 10.7% of participants had oral HPV infections from 26 different HPV types. Sexual behaviours were associated with oral HPV infection, including more partners for passionate kissing (29 or more; odds ratio [OR] 3.4, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5‐8.0), and giving and receiving oral sex (16 or more; OR 5.4, 95% CI 1.6‐17.7 and OR 5.6, 95% CI 1.6‐18.7, respectively). Of 343 participants, HPV‐free at baseline and with subsequent saliva samples, 87 (25%) acquired new infections over the 24 months. Sixty‐eight of 87 people included in the clearance analysis (78%) cleared their oral HPV infections. Clearance was associated with being a nonsmoker (OR 12.7, 95% CI 1.3‐122.8), and no previous diagnosis of a sexually transmitted infection (OR 6.2, 95% CI 2.0‐19.9). New oral infections with HPV in this sample were not rare. Although most infections were cleared, clearance was not universal suggesting a reservoir of infection exists that might predispose to oropharyngeal carcinogenesis.
Does mild thrombocytopenia increase peripartum hemorrhage in elective cesarean deliveries? A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Işıkalan Mehmet Murat , Özkaya Eren Berkay , Özkaya Buşra , Ferlibaş Enes , Şengül Nurullah , Acar Ali
Published: December 2020

Objective

To investigate the effect of mild thrombocytopenia (platelet count: 100 000–149 000/µl) on peripartum hemorrhage in elective cesarean deliveries.

Methods

This study was conducted between January 2018 and May 2019 in a hospital, located in Konya, Turkey. Uncomplicated pregnancies undergoing elective cesarean section were included. Of 1992 eligible patients, 201 women were determined as the mild thrombocytopenia group, 48 women as the severe thrombocytopenia group, and 1743 women as the control group. The estimated blood loss volume (EBLV), the need for blood transfusion, and excessive blood loss rates were compared among groups. Logistic regression analysis was performed for potential confounding factors.

Results

The EBLV and excessive blood loss ratios were significantly higher in the mild thrombocytopenia group compared with the control group (P < 0.001 and P < 0.05, respectively). There was no significant difference between the mild thrombocytopenia and control groups in terms of the number of patients receiving a blood transfusion. The probability of excessive blood loss was significantly higher in the mild thrombocytopenia group, even after adjusting the odds ratio for confounding factors (adjusted odds ratio 1.94, 95% confidence interval 1.27–2.95, P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Mild thrombocytopenia appears to increase the likelihood of peripartum hemorrhage in elective cesarean deliveries in uncomplicated pregnancies.
Post‐abortion contraceptive adoption in Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Abel , Wondafrash Mekitie , Gashawbeza Biruck , Nigatu Balkachew , Asrat Matiyas , Compton Sarah D.
Published: December 2020

Objective

To assess the effect of couple counseling on modern contraception adoption among women receiving abortions.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted between October 2019 and May 2020 at the abortion clinic of Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Women receiving abortion care were interviewed using Open Data Kit. Logistic regression was used to assess predictors of modern contraception adoption.

Results

During the study period, a total of 326 women receiving abortion care were interviewed and 112 (34.4%) received couple counseling. Of the 112, 89 (79.5%) adopted modern contraception. The odds of using a modern contraceptive method were 2.34 times higher among women whose partner approved (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.05–5.22) compared with those without partner approval. The odds of using a modern contraceptive method was 1.78 times higher among women who believed they had partner support (aOR 1.78; 95% CI 1.03–3.10) compared with women without support.

Conclusion

Few women received couple counseling for contraception. Partner approval and a woman's belief that her partner supports her contraception decision were associated with contraception adoption.
Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor producing retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma
Authors: Fukuta Kyotaro , Daizumoto Kei , Takahashi Masayuki , Mori Hidehisa , Otomi Yoichi , Uehara Hisanori , Fukawa Tomoya , Yamamoto Yasuyo , Yamaguchi Kunihisa , Kanayama Hiro‐omi
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐producing nonhematopoietic malignancies have poor clinical outcomes.

Case presentation

A 62‐year‐old woman complaining of fever and left lower quadrant pain was referred to our hospital. A left retroperitoneal tumor was suspected on computed tomography, and laboratory data showed leukocytosis and markedly elevated granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor. She underwent left nephroureterectomy, partial colectomy, and psoas muscle resection. The histological examination showed a granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐producing retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma. Three months after the operation, she developed lung and liver metastases and received the chemotherapy, including doxorubicin and ifosfamide. Eight months after the operation, these lesions had progressed, and a new bone metastasis appeared. Twelve months after the operation, she received pazopanib and radiation for bone metastases. However, the metastases progressed, and she died 17 months after the operation.

Conclusion

Since granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor‐producing retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma had a very poor prognosis irrespective of intensive treatment including wide resection, effective systemic therapy should be required.
“As We Talk About This More, a Box Opens Up”: Family Literacy Programs for Fathers in Treatment for Substance Use Disorder
Authors: Wiseman Angela M. , Atkinson Ashley A. , Cryer‐Coupet Qiana R.
Published: December 2020

Parenting while transitioning out of incarceration, homelessness, or drug addiction has received inadequate attention despite the fact that these factors affect more and more of the U.S. population each day. This article is about a family literacy program implemented in a residential treatment facility where the fathers, most of whom were previously incarcerated and now receiving treatment for substance use disorder, have been parenting from afar with limited access to their children. Fathers participated in a family literacy program where they respond to children’s literature with the intention of eventually reading with their children. Our research was guided by the following question: How do fathers who are separated from their children while in a residential treatment program, read and respond to children’s literature in a small‐group setting? Findings reflect how fathers wanted to share their feelings about parenting and also consider their identities as fathers who were also addicts.
Comparison of four commercial RT‐PCR diagnostic kits for COVID‐19 in China
Authors: Shen Lingyu , Cui Shujuan , Zhang Daitao , Lin Changying , Chen Lijuan , Wang Quanyi
Published: December 2020

We compared the sensitivity and specificity of four commercial coronavirus disease (COVID‐19) diagnostic kits using real‐time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR). Kits I‐IV approved by the State Drug Administration of China were selected, and the detection targets were ORF1ab gene and N gene. Specificity was evaluated by detecting other respiratory viruses. The sensitivity and batch effect of each kit were evaluated by testing 10‐fold dilutions of RNA. Clinical application was verified by testing nasopharyngeal swab and sputum specimens from COVID‐19 patients. Among the 78 cases infected by other respiratory viruses, no amplification curve was observed using these four COVID‐19 RT‐PCR kits. The minimum detection limits of kits I‐IV were 10−6, 10−5, 10−5, and 10−6dilutions, respectively, and concentrations were 10 copies/mL (10−5dilution) and 1 copies/mL (10−6dilution). The sensitivities of kits I‐IV detected using 142 nasopharyngeal swab specimens from COVID‐19 patients were 91.55%, 81.69%, 80.28%, and 90.85%, respectively, while they were 92.68%, 85.37%, 82.93%, and 93.90%, respectively, for the 82 sputum samples. The specificity of each kit was 100.00% (77/77). The total expected detection rate using sputum samples was 88.59% (691/780) higher than 86.15% (672/780) of nasopharyngeal swabs. Comparison of nasopharyngeal swab and sputum samples from the same COVID‐19 patient led to the detection of ORF1ab and N genes in 16 (100%) sputum samples; only ORF1ab and N genes were detected in 12 (75%) and 14 (87.5%) nasopharyngeal swab specimens, respectively. In conclusion, comparison of commercial COVID‐19 RT‐PCR kits should be performed before using a new batch of such kits in routine diagnostics.
Tissue engineering of the larynx: A contemporary review
Authors: Chen Jingjing , Shen Yi , Shen Zhisen , Cheng Lixin , Zhou Shuihong
Published: December 2020

Objective

Tissue engineering has been a topic of extensive research in recent years and has been applied to the regeneration and restoration of many organs including the larynx. Currently, research investigating tissue engineering of the larynx is either ongoing or in the preclinical trial stage.

Methods

A literature search was performed on the Advanced search field of PubMed using the keywords: “(laryncheal tissue engineering) AND (cartilage regeneration OR scaffolds OR stem cells OR biomolecules).” After applying the selection criteria, 65 articles were included in the study.

Results

The present review focuses on the rapidly expanding field of tissue‐engineered larynx, which aims to provide stem cell–based scaffolds combined with biological active factors such as growth factors for larynx reconstruction and regeneration. The trend in recent studies is to use new techniques for scaffold construction, such as 3D printing, are developed. All of these strategies have been instrumental in guiding optimization of the tissue‐engineered larynx, leading to a level of clinical induction beyond the in vivo animal experimental phase.

Conclusions

This review summarizes the current progress and outlines the necessary basic components of regenerative laryngeal medicine in preclinical fields. Finally, it considers the design of scaffolds, support of growth factors, and cell therapies toward potential clinical application.
Indirect experiences with domestic violence and help‐seeking preferences among south asian immigrants in the United States
Authors: Rai Abha
Published: December 2020

The South Asian culture disempowers individuals experiencing domestic violence (DV) from reporting victimization. Past research has found that confiding in and seeking help from friends/family is preferred. Therefore, it is important to gauge the knowledge of community members who may be contacted for support by victims. The goal of the study was to examine indirect experience with DV (knowing someone who experienced DV) and help‐seeking resource preference among community members. This cross‐sectional study included a sample of 468 South Asian men and women. Descriptive statistics were used to establish rates of indirect experience with DV. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to examine the correlates of recommending help‐seeking. The overall findings suggested that community members knew more women than men who were victims. Of nine help‐seeking resources, medical professionals were preferred. Regression findings identified gender, religiosity, generational position, family type, and gender‐role attitudes as the correlates of recommending help‐seeking. The study findings are beneficial in developing bystander interventions for use by community members to support their friends and family members who may be victims of DV. To reduce overall victimization, it is imperative for agencies to engage with community members along with victims.
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Tegoprazan Coadministered With Amoxicillin and Clarithromycin in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Ghim Jong‐Lyul , Chin May Chien , Jung Jinah , Lee Jiwon , Kim Seokuee , Kim Bongtae , Song Geun Seog , Choi Young‐Kyung , Shin Jae‐Gook
Published: December 2020

This clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tegoprazan when coadministered with amoxicillin/clarithromycin in healthy subjects. Cohort 1 was an open‐label, randomized multiple‐dose study to evaluate the mutual interaction of tegoprazan and amoxicillin/clarithromycin on the disposition of 3 tested drugs including tegoprazan M1 metabolite and 14‐hydroxyclarithromycin (14‐OH‐clarithromycin). Cohort 2 was an open‐label, randomized, active‐controlled, parallel multiple‐dose study to compare the intragastric pH profile after multiple oral doses of 50 or 100 mg tegoprazan coadministered with amoxicillin/clarithromycin 1000/500 mg for 7 days and pantoprazole‐based triple therapy as the comparator arm. The coadministration of tegoprazan with amoxicillin/clarithromycin increased Css,max (2.2‐fold) and AUCτ (2.7‐fold) of tegoprazan and M1 (2.1‐ and 2.2‐fold for Css,max and AUCτ, respectively) compared with administration of tegoprazan alone. The Css,max and AUCτ of 14‐OH‐clarithromycin increased by 1.7‐ and 1.8‐fold, respectively; the disposition of amoxicillin and clarithromycin were not significantly changed. On days 1 and 7 of treatment, tegoprazan‐based therapies (both 50‐ and 100‐mg therapies) maintained pH above 6 for more than 88% of the 24‐hour period, which was significantly longer compared with pantoprazole‐based therapy. Tegoprazan either alone or in combination with amoxicillin/clarithromycin was well tolerated in healthy subjects. In conclusion, the exposure of tegoprazan was increased after coadministration of amoxicillin/clarithromycin, which led to increase pharmacodynamic response measured by intragastric pH compared with tegoprazan alone. Therefore, tegoprazan‐based triple therapy would be effective therapeutic regimen to manage intragastric pH in terms of gastric or duodenal ulcers healing, treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease, and Helicobacter pylori eradication.
Fabrication of recoverable magnetic composite material based on graphene oxide for fast removal of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solution
Authors: Hou Li , Qin Guangjiong , Qu Yaqing , Yang Chunlei , Rao Xiongfei , Gao Yun , Zhu Xiaolan
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUND

In this study, a novel magnetic material was applied as an adsorbent for simultaneous removal of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent was synthesized using functionalized MnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles grafted to lamellar graphene oxide surface (MnFe2O4@SiO2‐NH2@GO) and characterized using X‐ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and magnetic measurements.

RESULTS

The adsorbent exhibited superior adsorption properties for Pb(II) and Cd(II). The maximum uptake capacity of Pb(II) and Cd(II) reached 42.48 and 18.28 mg g−1 within 30 min at 25 °C, respectively. The data for adsorption fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models, which indicated that the adsorption was via monolayer chemisorption on homogeneous sites. The calculation of thermodynamic parameters revealed spontaneous and endothermic adsorption processes accompanied by randomness increase. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy analysis indicated that the coordination between nitrogen atoms of amino groups and the two types of heavy metal ions was a possible adsorption mechanism.

CONCLUSIONS

MnFe2O4@SiO2‐NH2@GO possesses the properties of high adsorption efficiency, fast separation, high stability and easy regeneration for adsorption of Pb(II) and Cd(II) ions. Thus, the as‐prepared adsorbent is considered as a promising material for the removal of heavy metal ions and this research could offer a new means for water cleanup. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry
Exome sequencing study in a clinical research setting finds general acceptance of study returning secondary genomic findings with little decisional conflict
Authors: Similuk Morgan N. , Yan Jia , Setzer Michael R. , Jamal Leila , Littel Patricia , Lenardo Michael , Su Helen C.
Published: December 2020

The most appropriate strategies for managing secondary genomic findings (SF) in clinical research are being developed and evaluated. We surveyed patients at the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) to evaluate decisional conflict regarding enrolling in a study that returns SF. Responses were collected using a cross‐sectional survey after informed consent but before return of SF. Sixty‐six adults of 116 eligible participants responded. No participant explicitly declined because they did not want to possibly receive a SF. Sixty‐five of 66 (98%) participants thought it was appropriate to return SFs in research; one participant was unsure. Decisional conflict regarding enrolling in a study returning SF was low overall with 68% of participants reporting a score of less than 10 on a 100‐point decisional conflict scale, implying that they felt informed, clear on what they wanted, and supported. Lower genetic literacy was weakly associated with higher decisional conflict (Spearman's rho = −0.297, p = .015). Six participants reported confusion related to the choices about SFs. Our data suggest that participants in our study feel it is appropriate to receive SF and have little decisional conflict about potentially receiving such information; however, some participants may need further education and counseling.
Expanding the clinical and molecular spectrum of ATP6V1A related metabolic cutis laxa
Authors: Vogt Guido , El Choubassi Naji , Herczegfalvi Ágnes , Kölbel Heike , Lekaj Anja , Schara Ulrike , Holtgrewe Manuel , Krause Sabine , Horvath Rita , Schuelke Markus , Hübner Christoph , Mundlos Stefan , Roos Andreas , Lochmüller Hanns , Karcagi Veronika , Kornak Uwe , Fischer‐Zirnsak Björn
Published: December 2020

Several inborn errors of metabolism show cutis laxa as a highly recognizable feature. One group of these metabolic cutis laxa conditions is autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2 caused by defects in v‐ATPase components or the mitochondrial proline cycle. Besides cutis laxa, muscular hypotonia and cardiac abnormalities are hallmarks of autosomal recessive cutis laxa type 2D (ARCL2D) due to pathogenic variants in ATP6V1A encoding subunit A of the v‐ATPase. Here, we report on three affected individuals from two families with ARCL2D in whom we performed whole exome and Sanger sequencing. We performed functional studies in fibroblasts from one individual, summarized all known probands' clinical, molecular, and biochemical features and compared them, also to other metabolic forms of cutis laxa. We identified novel missense and the first nonsense variant strongly affecting ATP6V1A expression. All six ARCL2D affected individuals show equally severe cutis laxa and dysmorphism at birth. While for one no information was available, two died in infancy and three are now adolescents with mild or absent intellectual disability. Muscular weakness, ptosis, contractures, and elevated muscle enzymes indicated a persistent myopathy. In cellular studies, a fragmented Golgi compartment, a delayed Brefeldin A‐induced retrograde transport and glycosylation abnormalities were present in fibroblasts from two individuals. This is the second and confirmatory report on pathogenic variants in ATP6V1A as the cause of this extremely rare condition and the first to describe a nonsense allele. Our data highlight the tremendous clinical variability of ATP6V1A related phenotypes even within the same family.
Modernizing the Otolaryngology Referral Workflow: The Impact of Electronic Consultation
Authors: Kinberg Eliezer C. , Kirke Diana N. , Trosman Samuel J.
Published: December 2020

Objectives/Hypothesis

To determine the impact of electronic consultation on the otolaryngology clinic workflow at our high‐volume public hospital.

Study Design

Retrospective Observational Study.

Methods

This is a retrospective observational analysis study. Operational data regarding clinic volume, referral patterns, and scheduling efficiency were assessed over a 9‐month period in 2018 prior to implementation of electronic consultation. The same data were collected for the 9‐month period immediately following implementation of electronic consultation in 2019.

Results

During the pre‐implementation (pre‐EC) period, 3,243 otolaryngology referrals were made as compared to 4,249 post‐implementation (post‐EC). 86% of referrals were scheduled for a clinic appointment pre‐EC, compared to 61% post‐EC (P < .00001) 24.5% of patients were evaluated within 30 days pre‐EC compared to 53.6% post‐EC (P < .00001). The average time to be seen by an otolaryngology provider declined from 60.8 days pre‐EC to 42.8 days post‐EC (P = .0029). There was a 50% decline in the percentage of appointments canceled by patients in the post‐EC period as compared to pre‐EC.

Conclusions

In our experience, implementation of electronic consultation significantly reduced both wait times for a clinic appointment and the percentage of no‐show or canceled appointments. Electronic consultation may be a valuable tool in improving the efficiency and yield of the modern otolaryngology clinic.

Level of Evidence

4 Laryngoscope, 131:E1792–E1796, 2021
A Prospective Study of Voice, Swallow, and Airway Outcomes Following Tracheostomy for COVID‐19
Authors: Rouhani Maral J. , Clunie Gemma , Thong Gerard , Lovell Lindsay , Roe Justin , Ashcroft Margaret , Holroyd Andrew , Sandhu Guri , Al Yaghchi Chadwan
Published: December 2020

Objective

The COVID‐19 pandemic has led to unprecedented demands on healthcare with many requiring intubation. Tracheostomy insertion has often been delayed and the enduring effects of this on voice, swallow, and airway outcomes in COVID‐19 tracheostomy patients are unknown. The aim of this study was to prospectively assess these outcomes in this patient cohort following hospital discharge.

Methods

All COVID‐19 patients who had undergone tracheostomy insertion, and were subsequently decannulated, were identified at our institution and followed up 2 months post‐discharge. Patient‐reported (PROMS) and clinician‐reported outcome measures, endoscopic examination, and spirometry were used to assess voice, swallow, and airway outcomes.

Results

Forty‐one patients were included in the study with a mean age of 56 years and male:female ratio of 28:13. Average duration of endotracheal intubation was 24 days and 63.4% of tracheostomies were performed at day 21 to 35 of intubation. 53.7% had an abnormal GRBAS score and 30% reported abnormal swallow on EAT‐10 questionnaire. 81.1% had normal endoscopic examination of the larynx, however, positive endoscopic findings correlated with the patient self‐reported VHI‐10 (P = .036) and EAT‐10 scores (P = .027). 22.5% had spirometric evidence of fixed upper airway obstruction using the Expiratory‐Disproportion Index (EDI) and Spearman correlation analysis showed a positive trend between abnormal endoscopic findings and EDI scores over 50 (P < .0001).

Conclusion

The preliminary results of this study reveal a high incidence of laryngeal injury among patients who underwent intubation and tracheostomy insertion during the COVID‐19 pandemic. As these patients continue to be followed up, the evolution of these complications will be studied.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 131:E1918–E1925, 2021
Virtual group consultations offer continuity of care globally during Covid‐19
Authors: Birrell Fraser , Lawson Rob , Sumego Marianne , Lewis Jessica , Harden Angela , Taveira Tracey , Stevens John , Manson Alison , Pepper Linda , Ickovics Jeannette
Published: December 2020

Covid‐19 has led to virtual care (mainly telephone consultations) becoming a default worldwide, despite well‐documented shortcomings. Published evidence on virtual group consultations is limited, although interest and front‐line experience have grown substantially since pandemic onset. Unpublished data are summarised showing feasibility of transitioning care to this model across different countries, care settings and conditions. An international webinar series has supported development and sharing of best practice and representative data on spread and utilisation of virtual groups. This model of care creates time and space for more questions and answers, so once engaged patients become staunch advocates. Group care supports personalised care and lifestyle medicine, which is growing very rapidly. In the current context, even healthcare providers under pressure can implement virtual group consultations. Most virtual group consultations have a facilitator, so this allows roles to be extended and support education of both students and new team members. These can confer greater access, continuity of care, peer support and timely information about Covid‐19 and may result in better health outcomes. Given the rapid and widespread implementation of virtual care during this pandemic, data should be shared effectively and methodologically sound observational studies and clinical trials to test safety and effectiveness should be promoted now.
Benefits of matching consumers’ personality: Creating perceived trustworthiness via actual self‐congruence and perceived competence via ideal self‐congruence
Authors: Zogaj Adnan , Tscheulin Dieter K. , Olk Stephan
Published: December 2020

Endorsers such as social media influencers who aim to match consumers’ personality to strengthen their credibility must consider that actual self‐congruence and ideal self‐congruence have different effects on the main dimensions of credibility: perceived trustworthiness and perceived competence. In our study, we conceptually argue that actual self‐congruence is associated more strongly with a closer psychological distance and, in turn, with trustworthy information, and we empirically show that perceived trustworthiness solely mediates the effect of actual self‐congruence on consumer behavior. Subsequently, we conceptually argue that ideal self‐congruence is more strongly related to ideal skills and therefore should be more strongly related to perceived competence, and we empirically demonstrate that perceived competence solely mediates the effect of ideal self‐congruence on consumer behavior. Our findings explain the mechanism behind the effects of actual and ideal self‐congruence and demonstrate important differences in authentic and aspirational marketing strategies with regard to creating the perception of trustworthiness and competence via social media influencers.
New Year's Resolution—A Focus on the Workforce's Community of Interest
Authors: Wich Scott
Published: December 2020

As all of us bid a good riddance to one of the most challenging years in recent history, we all look forward to 2021. At this usual time of personal reflection and goal‐setting, resolutions are often a common topic of discussion. However, resolutions can go beyond individual pursuits. The start of the new calendar year can also be a useful time to assess workplace goals and objectives. Of course, as a reader of Management Report, you also realize that such goals and objectives should include an updated focus on union prevention.
Genomic alterations in the F8 gene correlating with severe hemophilia A in Egyptian patients
Authors: Mosaad Rehab M. , Amr Khalda S. , Rabie Eman A. , Mostafa Naglaa O. , Habib Sonia A. , El‐Kamah Ghada Y.
Published: December 2020

Background

Hemophilia A (HA) is an inherited X‐linked recessive coagulation disorder caused by factor VIII (F8) deficiency. F8 rearrangements involving intron 22 (int22) and intron 1 (int1) account for almost half of severe HA phenotype also a hotspot exon 14 provides numerous mutational patterns. This study aims to identify F8 gene mutations among Egyptian HA patients.

Methods

DNA samples from 60 HA patients were screened for int22 and int1 rearrangements using simplified inverse shifting PCR (IS‐PCR) followed by exon 14 sequencing. Also, four uncharacterized patients were studied by targeted exome sequencing.

Results

In 33.3% of the studied patients, we identified three int22 rearrangements, three exon 14 mutations (two frameshift; one novel (NM_000132.3:c.2734_2735delAA, p.(N912Ffs*6)), a second reported mutation (NM_000132.3:c.3091_3094delAGAA, p.(K1031Lfs*9)), and one nonsense mutation (NM_000132.3:c.2440C>T, p.(R814*)). All identified mutations were detected in patients with severe HA phenotype. Targeted exome sequencing could not detect any known pathogenic variants.

Conclusion

Intron 22 rearrangement and exon 14 mutations correlate with most severe hemophilia A Egyptian patients.
Fourth‐order compact scheme based on quasi‐variable mesh for three‐dimensional mildly nonlinear stationary convection–diffusion equations
Authors: Jha Navnit , Singh Bhagat
Published: December 2020

A new family of compact schemes of increased accuracy using quasi‐variable mesh is presented for determining approximate solutions to the three‐space dimensions mildly nonlinear convection dominated diffusion equations. The main thought behind the proposed scheme is to get uniformly distributed local truncation error, which otherwise not possible in case of finite‐difference discretization using constant step‐sizes mesh points. According to the zero or nonzero values of mesh stretching quantities, the increased accuracy fourth‐order method refers to uniform meshes or quasi‐variable meshes schemes. It is easy to tune the mesh points depending upon the location of subdomains having comparatively more fluctuating solution behavior. The block‐tridiagonal construction of the Jacobian (iteration matrix) acquired with the new difference scheme makes it easier to implement with a reasonable computing time. We will describe the matrix and graph theoretic approach to analyze the convergence property and error estimate of the generalized scheme. A measure of accuracy, such as maximum errors, root‐mean‐squared errors, and numerical convergence rate, is examined by solving various forms of convection‐dominated diffusion equations.
mHealth applications to support caregiver needs and engagement during stroke recovery: A content review
Authors: Lobo Elton H. , Frølich Anne , Kensing Finn , Rasmussen Lene J. , Livingston Patricia M. , Grundy John , Abdelrazek Mohamed
Published: December 2020

Caregiving in stroke results in severe physical, psychological, and social impacts on the caregiver. Over the past few years, researchers have explored the use of mHealth technologies to support healthcare‐related activities due to their ability to provide real‐time care at any given place or time. The purpose of this content review is to investigate mHealth apps in supporting stroke caregiving engagement based on three aspects: motivation, value, and satisfaction. We searched app stores and repositories for apps related to stroke caregiving published up to September 2020. Extracted apps were reviewed and filtered using inclusion criteria, and then downloaded onto compatible devices to determine eligibility. Results were compared with evidence‐based frameworks to identify the ability of these apps in engaging and supporting the caregiver. Forty‐seven apps were included in this review that enabled caregivers to support their needs, such as adjustment to new roles and relationships, involvement in care and caring for oneself using several different functionalities. These functionalities include information resources, risk assessment, remote monitoring, data sharing, reminders and so on. However, no single app was identified that focuses on all aspects of stroke caregiving. We also identified several challenges faced by users through their reviews and the factors associated with value and satisfaction. Our findings can add to the knowledge of existing mHealth technologies and their functionalities to support stroke caregiving needs, and the importance of considering user engagement in the design. They can be used by developers and researchers looking to design better mHealth apps for stroke caregiving.
The efficacy of mobile health interventions used to manage acute or chronic pain: A systematic review
Authors: Martin Christie L. , Bakker Caitlin J. , Breth Melissa S. , Gao Grace , Lee Knoo , Lee Mikyoung A. , Tiase Victoria L. , Tunby Lily J. , Wyatt Tami H. , Janeway Lisa M.
Published: December 2020

Chronic pain is a significant health issue that affects approximately 50 million adults in the United States. Traditional interventions are not always an effective treatment strategy for pain control. However, the wide adoption of smartphones and the rapid growth of health information technologies over the past decade have created opportunities to use mobile health (mHealth) applications (apps) for pain tracking and self‐management. In this PRISMA‐compliant systematic review, we assessed the current U.S.‐based research on pain‐related mHealth apps to describe the app components and determine the efficacy of these interventions for persons with acute or chronic pain. We conducted a comprehensive search of five databases based on methodological guidelines from the Joanna Briggs Institute. We included articles reporting original data on mHealth interventions with pain intensity as a primary or secondary outcome and excluded articles that utilized multimodal interventions. Of the original 4959 articles, only five studies met the eligibility criteria. Most of the interventions included feasibility or pilot studies, and all studies were published between 2015 and 2018. Two of the five studies used visual analog scales. Only two of the studies reported statistically significant pain intensity outcomes, and considerable heterogeneity between the studies limited our ability to generalize findings or conduct a meta‐analysis. Research investigating the components and efficacy of pain‐related mHealth apps as interventions is an emerging field. To better understand the potential clinical benefits of mHealth apps designed to manage pain, further research is needed.
Feasibility of a mHealth survey application for incarcerated and postrelease people living with HIV in a low‐resource setting
Authors: Lopez Karen Dunn , Cravero Claire , Krishnan Archana , Carvalho de Sousa Freire Vanessa E. , Culbert Gabriel J.
Published: December 2020

Mobile health (mHealth) holds considerable promise as a way to give people greater control of their health information, privacy, and sharing in the context of HIV research and clinical services. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of an mHealth research application from the perspective of three stakeholder groups involved in an HIV clinical trial in Jakarta, Indonesia: (a) incarcerated people living with HIV (PLWH), (b) research assistants (RAs), and (c) research investigators. Incarcerated PLWH (n = 150) recruited from two large all‐male prisons completed questionnaires, including questions about mHealth acceptability, on an mHealth survey application using a proprietary data collection software development platform. RAs who administered questionnaires (n = 8) rated the usability of the software application using the system usability scale (SUS) and open‐ended questions. Research investigators (n = 2) completed in‐depth interviews, that were coded and analyzed using the technology acceptance model (TAM) as a conceptual framework. Over 90% of incarcerated PLWH felt the mHealth application offered adequate comfort, privacy, and accuracy in recording their responses. RAs' SUS scores ranged from 60% to 90% (M = 76.25) and they found the mHealth survey application challenging to learn, but highly satisfying. Compared with paper‐based data collection, researchers felt that electronic data collection led to improved accuracy and efficiency of data collection and the ability to monitor data collection remotely and in real time. The researchers perceived the learnability of the application as acceptable but required self‐instruction.
Longitudinal understanding of prognosis among adolescents with cancer
Authors: Fisher Rachel S. , Kenney Ansley E. , Fults Marci Z. , Manring Samantha , Rodriguez Erin M. , Desjardins Leandra , Rausch Joseph R. , Young‐Saleme Tammi , Ranalli Mark A. , Vannatta Kathryn , Compas Bruce E. , Gerhardt Cynthia A.
Published: December 2020

Objective

Despite calls to increase prognosis communication for adolescents with cancer, limited research has examined their perceptions of prognosis as compared with their parents. We assessed adolescents’ understanding of their prognosis relative to parents and oncologists.

Methods

Families of adolescents (aged 10‐17) were recruited at two pediatric institutions following a new diagnosis or relapse. Seventy‐four adolescents, 68 mothers, and 40 fathers participated at enrollment; 76 adolescents, 69 mothers, and 35 fathers participated one year later. The adolescent's primary oncologist reported on prognosis only at enrollment. Participants rated the likelihood of the adolescent's survival in five years, as well as reporting prognosis communication and sources of information.

Results

Most oncologists (65%) and fathers (63%) discussed prognosis in numerical terms with the adolescent at baseline, which was greater than mother report (49%) of discussions of numerical prognosis with adolescents. Adolescents reported a better prognosis than oncologists, but comparable with mothers at diagnosis and one year. Adolescents’ prognosis estimates were stable over time (P > .05). At diagnosis, adolescent‐father (P = 0.025) and adolescent‐oncologist (P < 0.001) discrepancies were larger for youth with advanced than non‐advanced cancer. Adolescents whose parents received numerical prognosis estimates from the oncologist, and whose fathers reported providing numerical prognosis estimates had more accurate understandings of prognosis (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Adolescent prognosis estimates were comparable with those of parents at diagnosis and one year but more favorable than that of oncologists. Although additional research is needed, results suggest discrepancies in prognosis estimates between family members and oncologists, particularly for adolescents with advanced cancer.
Thermal, mechanical, and dielectric properties of low loss PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3/polystyrene composites prepared by hot‐press method
Authors: Shalu Saumya , Dasgupta Kakoli , Roy Sunanda , Kar Pradip , Bal Trishna , Dasgupta Ghosh Barnali
Published: December 2020

The incorporation of high dielectric constant filler particles into thermoplastics is an attractive approach to develop materials with high dielectric strength, low dielectric loss, and mechanical stiffness, for electronic packaging purposes. Herein, we report the preparation and properties of polystyrene (PS) based low loss 0–3 composites with inorganic PbZr0.3Ti0.7O3 (PZT) filler particles in concentrations ranging from 0%–20% (w/w). The PZT particles were synthesized using the sol‐gel process and the composites were prepared by a two‐step, solvent‐free approach: (1) melt mixing, followed by (2) hot press. The thermal and mechanical properties of the composite samples were investigated. The dielectric behavior of the as‐synthesized composites showed pronounced improvement over pure PS, as is seen from the increased dielectric constant and extremely low loss tangent. For 20 wt.% PZT loading, the dielectric constant of the composite is as high as 12 at 1 MHz frequency, which is about five times greater than that of pure PS (ε = 2.5). All the PZT/PS composites exhibit remarkably low dielectric losses, even at lower frequencies (tan δ ≤ 0.04), which is better than reported literature values of PS based composites. The variation in dielectric constants of the samples with increasing temperatures was also recorded.