bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empirical Modeling of Viscosities and Softening Points of Straight-Run Vacuum Residues from Different Origins and of Hydrocracked Unconverted Vacuum Residues Obtained in Different Conversions
Authors: Stratiev Dicho , Nenov Svetoslav , Nedanovski Dimitar , Shishkova Ivelina , Dinkov Rosen , Stratiev Danail D. , Stratiev Denis D. , Sotirov Sotir , Sotirova Evdokia , Atanassova Vassia , Ribagin Simeon , Atanassov Krassimir , Yordanov Dobromir , Angelova Nora A. , Todorova-Yankova Liliana
Published: February 2022

The use of hydrocracked and straight-run vacuum residues in the production of road pavement bitumen requires a good understanding of how the viscosity and softening point can be modeled and controlled. Scientific reports on modeling of these rheological properties for hydrocracked and straight-run vacuum residues are scarce. For that reason, 30 straight-run vacuum residues and 33 hydrocracked vacuum residues obtained in a conversion range of 55–93% were investigated, and the characterization data were employed for modeling purposes. An intercriteria analysis was applied to investigate the statistically meaningful relations between the studied vacuum residue properties. It revealed that the straight-run and hydrocracked vacuum residues were completely different, and therefore their viscosity and softening point should be separately modeled. Through the use of nonlinear regression by applying CAS Maple and NLPSolve with the modified Newton iterative method and the vacuum residue bulk properties the viscosity and softening point were modeled. It was found that the straight-run vacuum residue viscosity was best modeled from the molecular weight and specific gravity, whereas the softening point was found to be best modeled from the molecular weight and C7-asphaltene content. The hydrocracked vacuum residue viscosity and softening point were modeled from a single property: the Conradson carbon content. The vacuum residue viscosity models developed in this work were found to allow prediction of the asphaltene content from the molecular weight and specific gravity with an average absolute relative error of 20.9%, which was lower of that of the model of Samie and Mortaheb (Fuel. 2021, 305, 121609)—32.6%.
Distributed Generation Based Virtual STATCOM Configuration and Control Method
Authors: Pyo Su-Han , Kim Tae-Hun , An Byeong-Hyeon , Park Jae-Deok , Park Jang-Hyun , Lee Myoung-Jin , Park Tae-Sik
Published: February 2022

Recently, because of the increase in the number of connections to Distributed Generation (DG), the problem of lowering voltage stability in the distribution system has become an issue. Reactive power compensators, such as Static Synchronous Compensators (STATCOM), may be used to solve the problem of voltage stability degradation. However, because of the complexity of the distribution system, it is very difficult to select the installation location for STATCOM. Furthermore, when installed in the wrong location, economical efficiency and availability problems may occur. This paper proposes a Virtual STATCOM Configuration and Control method that would operate like a single STATCOM based on multiple DGs connected to the system. The proposed Virtual STATCOM has the merit of being economical by using existing facilities without adding new power facilities, and it solves the problem of the difficulty of selecting the installation location because of the complexity of the distribution system. In addition, while the conventional STATCOM uses an independent control method in consideration of the power quality of the access point, the Virtual STATCOM performs the Point of Common Coupling (PCC) power quality compensation using the integrated control of multiple DGs connected to the system. In the proposed method, the Virtual STATCOM integrated control algorithm is configured by adopting linear programming, and the compensation is performed while considering the distance between DG and PCC, the inverter’s rated capacity, and the power generation. The performance of the Virtual STATCOM power quality compensation was verified using MATLAB/SIMULINK and Real Time Simulator (OPAL-RT).
Local Path Planning for Autonomous Vehicles Based on the Natural Behavior of the Biological Action-Perception Motion
Authors: Bautista-Camino Pedro , Barranco-Gutiérrez Alejandro , Cervantes Ilse , Rodríguez-Licea Martin , Prado-Olivarez Juan , Pérez-Pinal Francisco
Published: February 2022

Local path planning is a key task for the motion planners of autonomous vehicles since it commands the vehicle across its environment while avoiding any obstacles. To perform this task, the local path planner generates a trajectory and a velocity profile, which are then sent to the vehicle’s actuators. This paper proposes a new local path planner for autonomous vehicles based on the Attractor Dynamic Approach (ADA), which was inspired by the behavior of movement of living beings, along with an algorithm that takes into account four acceleration policies, the ST dynamic vehicle model, and several constraints regarding the comfort and security. The original functions that define the ADA were modified in order to adapt it to the non-holonomic vehicle’s constraints and to improve its response when an impact scenario is detected. The present approach is validated in a well-known simulator for autonomous vehicles under three representative cases of study where the vehicle was capable of generating local paths that ensure the security of the vehicle in such cases. The results show that the approach proposed in this paper is a promising tool for the local path planning of autonomous vehicles since it is able to generate trajectories that are both safe and efficient.
Influence of Loading Distance, Loading Angle and Log Orientation on Time Consumption of Forwarder Loading Cycles: A Pilot Case Study
Authors: Hartsch Florian , Schönauer Marian , Breinig Lorenz , Jaeger Dirk
Published: February 2022

Fully mechanized timber harvesting systems are well established in forest operations worldwide. In cut-to-length (CTL) systems, forwarders are used for extracting logs from the stand. The productivity of a forwarder is related to site- and stand-specific characteristics, technical parameters, organizational aspects, and the individual skills of the operator. The operator’s performance during “loading” considerably affects forwarder productivity, since this element occupies nearly 50% of forwarding cycle time in CTL operations. When positioning the forwarder for loading, different loading angles and loading distances arise. Additionally, different log orientation angles in relation to the machine operating trail can be observed. Therefore, an in-depth analysis of loading conditions was conducted. The goal of this pilot case study was to explore the potential impact of different loading angles and distances, and log orientation angles, on time consumption per loading cycle in order to derive indications for more efficient work practices. Therefore, controlled loading sequences were tested on a physical Rottne-F10-based forwarder simulator with an experienced forest machine operator. Three loading angles (45°, 90° and 135° azimuthal to the machine axis) with five loading distances (3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 m), and three log orientation angles (45°, 90°, 135°), resulted in a total of 45 settings, which were tested in 10 repetitions each. The time required for a loading cycle was captured in a time study, applying the snap-back method. Results showed that all three tested variables had a significant influence on time consumption per loading cycle. Loading at an angle of 135°, and from a close (3 m) or far distance (7 m) led to especially increased cycle times. Loading from 4 to 6 m distance could be detected as an optimal loading range. Additionally, log orientation angles of 45° and 90° led to increased loading efficiency. Even if the validity of the results may be limited due to different conditions and influencing factors in field forwarding operations, these data can contribute to a better understanding of the loading element and, in particular, to productivity determining factors of forwarder work.
Smoke Injection Heights from Forest and Grassland Fires in Southwest China Observed by CALIPSO
Authors: Wang Wenjia , Zhang Qixing , Zhao Ranran , Luo Jie , Zhang Yongming
Published: February 2022

Smoke injection height (SIH) determines the distance and direction of smoke transport, thus impacting the atmospheric environment. In this study, we used Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations data coupled with Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data and the Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory model to derive the SIH values during the peak forest and grassland fire seasons from 2012 to 2017 in Southwest China. The results suggest that the SIH values ranged from 2500 m to 2890 m. An analysis of the dependence of SIH on fire characteristics revealed no obvious correlation between SIH and fire radiative power (FRP) because other factors in addition to FRP have an important impact on SIH. Moreover, MODIS FRP data has a drawback in representing the energy released by real fires, also leading to this result. The topographic variables of forest and grassland fires in Southwest China are very different. Complex topography affects SIH by affecting fire intensity and interactions with wind. A comparison of the SIHs with boundary layer height reveals that 75% of the SIHs are above the boundary layer. Compared with other areas, a higher percentage of free troposphere injection occurs in Southwest China, indicating that smoke can cause air pollution over large ranges. Our work provides a better understanding of the transport and vertical distribution of smoke in Southwest China.
Forensic Analysis of the Bumble Dating App for Android
Authors: Barros António , Almeida Rafaela , Melo Tiézer , Frade Miguel
Published: February 2022

Mobile applications that facilitate interaction between people have grown in popularity and, as a result, the number of e-dating applications have expanded. In these types of applications, there is usually a trade-off between user privacy and safety. On one hand, users want to keep their data as private as possible, on the other hand, user identification forces accountability, which, hopefully, will foster the development of responsible behaviors and minimize abuses. The Bumble e-dating app has been growing in popularity and differs from other apps by giving women the power to make the first contact after a match. Their main goal is to prevent women’s harassment. In this work, we study the digital artifacts that can be found after the use of the Bumble app on Android devices. Despite applying many measures to ensure data protection, it was possible to obtain information that identifies users and exchanged messages. The data structure stored on the device is described, as well as the artifacts with forensic value for an investigation. Moreover, a script was created to parse and visualize the main forensic artifacts of the Bumble app.
A Web Screening on Training Initiatives in Cancer Genomics for Healthcare Professionals
Authors: Hoxhaj Ilda , Beccia Flavia , Calabrò Giovanna Elisa , Boccia Stefania
Published: February 2022

The disruptive advances in genomics contributed to achieve higher levels of precision in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This scientific advance entails the need for greater literacy for all healthcare professionals. Our study summarizes the training initiatives conducted worldwide in cancer genomics field for healthcare professionals. We conducted a web search of the training initiatives aimed at improving healthcare professionals’ literacy in cancer genomics undertaken worldwide by using two search engines (Google and Bing) in English language and conducted from 2003 to 2021. A total of 85,649 initiatives were identified. After the screening process, 36 items were included. The majority of training programs were organized in the United States (47%) and in the United Kingdom (28%). Most of the initiatives were conducted in the last five years (83%) by universities (30%) and as web-based modalities (80%). In front of the technological advances in genomics, education in cancer genomics remains fundamental. Our results may contribute to provide an update on the development of educational programs to build a skilled and appropriately trained genomics health workforce in the future.
Visualization of the Effect of Assay Size on the Error Profile of Tumor Mutational Burden Measurement
Authors: Bailey Nathanael G.
Published: February 2022

Tumor mutational burden (TMB) refers to the number of somatic mutations in a tumor per megabase and is a biomarker for response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are currently approved for tumors with TMB greater than or equal to 10 mutations/megabase. Many laboratories are currently reporting TMB values based upon targeted resequencing panels with limited genomic coverage. Due to sampling variation, this leads to significant uncertainty in the assay’s TMB result, particularly at relatively low TMB levels near the 10 mutation per megabase therapeutic threshold. In order to allow clinicians and laboratorians to explore this uncertainty, we built a novel web application that allows a user to view the potential error of a TMB result given the sequencing panel size. This application also allows the user to explore the effect of incorporating knowledge of a specific tumor type’s typical TMB distribution on the error profile of the TMB result.
Potential Refinement of Recurrence Score by pSTAT3 Status
Authors: Grinshpun Albert , Cohen Yogev , Zick Aviad , Kadouri Luna , Hamburger Tamar , Nisman Benjamin , Allweis Tanir M. , Oprea Gabriela , Peretz Tamar , Uziely Beatrice , Sonnenblick Amir
Published: February 2022

The likelihood of recurrence in breast cancer patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR-positive) tumors is influenced by clinical, histopathological, and molecular features. Recent studies suggested that activated STAT3 (pSTAT3) might serve as a biomarker of outcome in breast cancer patients. In the present work, we have analyzed the added value of pSTAT3 to OncotypeDx Recurrence Score (RS) in patient prognostication. We have found that patients with low RS (<26) and low pSTAT3 might represent a population at a higher risk for cancer recurrence. Furthermore, we have observed that a positive pSTAT3 score alone can be a favorable marker for patients with HR-positive breast cancer under the age of 50. In an era of personalized medicine, these findings warrant further appraisal of chemotherapy benefit in this population.
Serum Periostin Level and Genetic Polymorphisms Are Associated with Vertebral Fracture in Chinese Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Guo Yi-Ming , Cheng Jian-Hao , Zhang Hao , He Jin-Wei , Yue Hua , Hu Wei-Wei , Gu Jie-Mei , Hu Yun-Qiu , Fu Wen-Zhen , Wang Chun , Zhang Zhen-Lin
Published: February 2022

Purposes: In order to investigate the association between serum periostin levels and the variation of its encoding gene POSTN and the prevalence of vertebral fractures and bone mineral density (BMD) in Chinese postmenopausal women, an association study was performed. Materials and Methods: 385 postmenopausal women were recruited. For participants without a history of vertebral fracture, lateral X-rays of the spine covering the fourth thoracic spine to the fifth lumbar spine were performed to detect any asymptomatic vertebral fractures. Ten tag-single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of POSTN were genotyped. Serum periostin levels, biochemical parameters, and BMD were measured individually. Results: rs9603226 was significantly associated with vertebral fractures. Compared to allele G, the minor allele A carriers of rs9603226 had a 1.722-fold higher prevalence of vertebral fracture (p = 0.037). rs3923854 was significantly associated with the serum periostin level. G/G genotype of rs3923854 had a higher serum periostin level than C/C and C/G (67.26 ± 19.90 ng/mL vs. 54.57 ± 21.44 ng/mL and 54.34 ± 18.23 ng/mL). Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the serum level of periostin and BMD at trochanter and total hip. Conclusion: Our study suggested that genetic variation of POSTN could be a predicting factor for the risk of vertebral fractures. The serum level of periostin could be a potential biochemical parameter for osteoporosis in Chinese postmenopausal women.
Shoot Development through Modified Transverse Thin Cell Layer (tTCL) Culture of Phalaenopsis Hybrid Protocorms
Authors: Lo Kuo-Chin , Gansau Jualang Azlan , Shih Chia-Hung , Kao Chien-Yuan
Published: February 2022

This first-attempt study used microtome-based methods to generate a thin cell layer culture for the micropropagation of Phal. Hwafeng Redjewel × Phal. New Cinderella. Protocorms were embedded in various agarose concentrations (8–12%, w/v) and dried from 1 to 8 h before sectioning with a microtome. Optimal conditions for slicing sections of 100 to 300 μm were achieved when the protocorms were embedded at 10% (w/v) agarose and dried for 4 h under laminar flow, and the hardness of the agarose block under these conditions reached 641.8 ± 9.5 g·cm−2. The sectioned protocorms that were cultured on an MS medium supplemented with 1.2 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.1 mg·L−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid were capable of growth and differentiated through the neoformation of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) and/or callus before subsequent regeneration into plantlets and development into healthy plants in a nursery environment. The results of this study demonstrate that microtome-based tTCL is a reliable and promising approach for mass propagation and possible virus-free propagation objectives for Phalaenopsis.
Processing of Distillery Stillage to Recover Phenolic Compounds with Ultrasound-Assisted and Microwave-Assisted Extractions
Authors: Mikucka Wioleta , Zielinska Magdalena , Bulkowska Katarzyna , Witonska Izabela
Published: February 2022

This study investigated the effect of ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) conditions (extraction time, acetone concentration, solid-to-solvent ratio) on the efficiency of polyphenol recovery from distillery stillage and antioxidant activity of the extracts. The highest total polyphenol content, flavonoid content, and phenolic acid content were obtained with 10-min UAE and 5-min MAE at a solid-to-acetone ratio of 1:15 (w:v). Recovery yield was the highest with an aqueous solution of 60% acetone, confirming the results of Hansen Solubility Parameter analysis. Although UAE resulted in approximately 1.2 times higher extraction yield, MAE showed a better balance between extraction yield and energy consumption exhibited by its 3-fold higher extraction rate than that of UAE. Content of total polyphenols and phenolic acids strongly correlated with antioxidant activity, indicating that these compounds provide a substantial contribution to the bioactive properties of the extracts. Six phenolic acids were extracted, predominately ferulic and p-coumaric acids, and free forms of these acids constituted 91% of their total content, which opens various possibilities for their application in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries.
Czech and Slovak Dental Students’ Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours (KAB): Multi-Country Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Riad Abanoub , Chuchmová Veronika , Staněk Ján , Hocková Barbora , Attia Sameh , Krsek Martin , Klugar Miloslav
Published: February 2022

Dentists play a key role in the primary prevention of oral diseases and related systemic complications; therefore, their views on behavioural interventions need to be aligned with the current agendas for oral health. Likewise, dental students’ oral health-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours (KAB) are of practical importance, as they are the future opinion leaders for oral health in their respective communities. A cross-sectional survey-based study was designed to evaluate the oral health KAB of dental students in both the Czech Republic and Slovakia. The study utilized translated versions of the Hiroshima University Dental Behavioural Inventory (HU-DBI), and it aimed to recruit students from all Czech and Slovak dental schools. A total of 487 students were included in this study, out of which 372 (76.4%) were females, 271 (55.6%) were enrolled in preclinical years, 68 (14%) reported smoking tobacco at least once a week, and 430 (88.3%) reported problematic internet use. The mean HU-DBI score of Czech and Slovak dental students (8.18 ± 1.80) was comparable with the previously reported scores of dental students in Nordic and Western European countries. Czech students (9.34 ± 1.29) had a significantly higher score than their Slovak counterparts (7.56 ± 1.73). In both countries, preclinical students (8.04 vs. 8.35), the students who reported tobacco smoking (7.63 vs. 8.27), and those who reported problematic internet use (8.11 vs. 8.70) had significantly lower HU-DBI scores than their counterparts, respectively. In the Czech Republic, the significant increases in HU-DBI scores occurred after the first academic year when the students received preventive dentistry courses; therefore, one can put forward that early implementation of preventive elements in undergraduate dental curricula may yield better and more sustainable oral health gains for the students. Future research on Czech and Slovak dental curricula need to re-evaluate the oral hygiene and anti-smoking components and their impact on students’ views and attitudes.
Promoting Mental Health and Wellbeing in Multicultural Australia: A Collaborative Regional Approach
Authors: Blignault Ilse , Saab Hend , Woodland Lisa , Giourgas Klara , Baddah Heba
Published: February 2022

Migrant communities are often under-served by mental health services. Lack of community engagement results in missed opportunities for mental health promotion and early intervention, delayed care, and high rates of untreated psychological distress. Bilingual clinicians and others who work with these communities lack linguistically and culturally appropriate resources. This article reports on the implementation and evaluation of a community-based group mindfulness program delivered to Arabic and Bangla-speaking communities in Sydney, Australia, including modifications made to the content and format in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The program was positioned within a stepped-care model for primary mental health care and adopted a collaborative regional approach. In addition to improved mental health outcomes for face-to-face and online program participants, we have documented numerous referrals to specialist services and extensive diffusion of mindfulness skills, mostly to family members, within each community. Community partnerships were critical to community engagement. Training workshops to build the skills of the bilingual health and community workforce increased the program’s reach. In immigrant nations such as Australia, mainstream mental health promotion must be complemented by activities that target specific population groups. Scaled up, and with appropriate adaptation, the group mindfulness program offers a low-intensity in-language intervention for under-served communities.
The Development of Teacher Burnout and the Effects of Resource Factors: A Latent Transition Perspective
Authors: Xie Min , Huang Shunsen , Ke Li , Wang Xia , Wang Yun
Published: February 2022

To better understand burnout and its development, researchers have shown an increasing interest in recent years in identifying different profiles of burnout and its development process. However, there have been few longitudinal studies on the profile and development of teacher burnout. This study used a person-centred approach to explore the profiles of teacher burnout, transition probabilities and the associations between these aspects and resource factors. Data were collected from 3743 primary school teachers in a two-wave longitudinal test over three years. The results showed that teacher burnout exhibited six relatively stable profiles across the whole study population and that the transition of individual profiles over time followed a certain probability. Psychological capital and professional identity were important resource factors in reducing the occurrence of teacher burnout and increasing transition probability toward burnout symptom alleviation over time, while positive coping played an important role in reducing the occurrence of teacher ineffectiveness. Therefore, the results indicated that the overall teacher burnout profile was stable, a discovery which has important implications for conducting group interventions to benefit more teachers, while the individual burnout profile exhibited a latent transition probability over time. Interventions employing different resource factors can be adopted to alleviate the symptoms of different burnout profiles.
Quality of National Disease Surveillance Reporting before and during COVID-19: A Mixed-Method Study in Indonesia
Authors: Hardhantyo Muhammad , Djasri Hanevi , Nursetyo Aldilas Achmad , Yulianti Andriani , Adipradipta Bernadeta Rachela , Hawley William , Mika Jennifer , Praptiningsih Catharina Yekti , Mangiri Amalya , Prasetyowati Endang Burni , Brye Laura
Published: February 2022

Background: Global COVID-19 outbreaks in early 2020 have burdened health workers, among them surveillance workers who have the responsibility to undertake routine disease surveillance activities. The aim of this study was to describe the quality of the implementation of Indonesia’s Early Warning and Response Alert System (EWARS) for disease surveillance and to measure the burden of disease surveillance reporting quality before and during the COVID-19 epidemic in Indonesia. Methods: A mixed-method approach was used. A total of 38 informants from regional health offices participated in Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and In-Depth Interview (IDI) for informants from Ministry of Health. The FGD and IDI were conducted using online video communication. Yearly completeness and timeliness of reporting of 34 provinces were collected from the application. Qualitative data were analyzed thematically, and quantitative data were analyzed descriptively. Results: Major implementation gaps were found in poorly distributed human resources and regional infrastructure inequity. National reporting from 2017–2019 showed an increasing trend of completeness (55%, 64%, and 75%, respectively) and timeliness (55%, 64%, and 75%, respectively). However, the quality of the reporting dropped to 53% and 34% in 2020 concomitant with the SARS-CoV2 epidemic. Conclusions: Report completeness and timeliness are likely related to regional infrastructure inequity and the COVID-19 epidemic. It is recommended to increase report capacities with an automatic EWARS application linked systems in hospitals and laboratories.
Correlates of Active Commuting to School among Portuguese Adolescents: An Ecological Model Approach
Authors: Loureiro Nuno , Loureiro Vânia , Grao-Cruces Alberto , Martins João , Gaspar de Matos Margarida
Published: February 2022

Active commuting to and from school can be an important contribution to improving health in adolescents. This study aimed to analyze the influence of multilevel variables of the ecological model in the active commuting of a representative sample of Portuguese adolescents. The 2018 Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children questionnaire was applied to 5695 adolescents with an average age of 15.5 years old (SD ± 1.8), 53.9% of whom were girls. The associations were studied by applying chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression models. In this study, 36.5% of the participants reported walking or cycling to school. Active commuting to school was directly associated with age (OR = 1.2; p < 0.05), strong family support (OR = 1.2; p < 0.05), a moderate to low financial level of the family (OR = 1.3; p < 0.05) and living near the school (OR = 2.4; p < 0.05). The results revealed that an adolescent’s choice to travel to and from school using an active mode of transportation increased with strong family support. As a result, promotion campaigns should consider the adolescent’s family context.
Peer Worker-Supported Transition from Hospital to Home—Outcomes for Service Users
Authors: Hancock Nicola , Berry Bridget , Banfield Michelle , Pike-Rowney Georgia , Scanlan Justin Newton , Norris Sarah
Published: February 2022

Background: Transitioning from psychiatric hospitalisation back to community presents a period of heightened suicide, homelessness, relapse, and rehospitalisation risk. The Australian state of New South Wales established a state-wide Peer Supported Transfer of Care (Peer-STOC) initiative to enhance recovery-focused supports available during this transition period. Aims: To understand the impacts and outcomes of the Peer-STOC program on service users from three stakeholder perspectives: service users themselves, peer worker service providers, and other mental health workers and clinicians interfacing with the program. Methods: Qualitative data from 82 questionnaires and 58 individual in-depth interviews were analysed thematically using constant comparative methods and an iterative and inductive process. Results: All stakeholders described positive impacts and outcomes of the program for service users. These included: (a) a better, less traumatic inpatient experience; (b) felt understood, cared about and less alone; (c) easier to leave hospital; (d) easier to get back into life and daily routines; (e) built and re-established community connections; (f) gained new knowledge, strategies, and skills; and (g) felt more hopeful about my recovery. Conclusions: The Peer-STOC program had a positive impact. It enhanced people’s experience in hospital, eased their transition from hospital and assisted with people recovering community-based relationships, activities, and routines.
Characterizing the Landscape of Safety Net Programs and Policies in California during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Jackson Kaitlyn E. , Yeb Joseph , Gosliner Wendi , Fernald Lia C. H. , Hamad Rita
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic prompted rapid and innovative policymaking around the world at the national, regional, and local levels. There has been limited work to systematically document and characterize new and expanded local U.S. pandemic-era policies, which is imperative to better understand the policy variation and resulting health impacts during this unprecedented time. California, the most populous U.S. state, provides a case example of a particularly active policy response. The aim of this Brief Report is to summarize the creation and potential areas of application of a newly created publicly available California- and US-based COVID-19 policy database. We generated an extensive list of California and US policies that were modified or created in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. From July–November 2021, we searched current and historical California and federal government websites, press releases, social media, and news sources and recorded detailed information on these policies, including coverage dates, eligibility criteria, and benefit amounts. This comprehensive dataset includes 39 public health, economic, housing, and safety net programs and policies implemented at both federal and state levels and provides details of the complex and multifaceted policy landscape in California from March 2020 to November 2021. Our database is publicly available. Future investigators can leverage the information systematically recorded in this database to rigorously assess the short- and long-term effects of these policies, which will in turn inform future preparedness response plans in California and beyond.
U.S. Fruit and Vegetable Affordability on the Thrifty Food Plan Depends on Purchasing Power and Safety Net Supports
Authors: Young Sabrina K. , Stewart Hayden
Published: February 2022

The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) increases the food purchasing power of lower-income households so that they can better afford a nutritious diet. Benefit amounts are based in part on the cost for a household to follow the Thrifty Food Plan (TFP), a meal pattern designed to meet the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. In October 2021, the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) reformulated the TFP and increased its cost by 21%. However, the TFP still does not account for differences in food prices across the country. This study examines: (1) how geographic variation in food prices affects fruit and vegetable affordability and (2) to what extent raising the cost of the TFP (and therefore the maximum SNAP benefit) has mitigated these effects. We use data on fruit and vegetable prices from the USDA and simulation techniques to create and cost out food baskets with a sufficient quantity and variety of fruits and vegetables for a representative household to satisfy guidelines over one week. We find that the increase in SNAP benefits will increase fruit and vegetable affordability for participating households. However, households facing food prices greater than national average food prices may still face tradeoffs to purchase a balanced diet.
A Pilot Study on the Feasibility of Developing and Implementing a Mobile App for the Acquisition of Clinical Knowledge and Competencies by Medical Students Transitioning from Preclinical to Clinical Years
Authors: Prados-Carmona Alvaro , Fuentes-Jimenez Francisco , Roman de los Reyes Rafael , García-Rios Antonio , Rioja-Bravo Jesus , Herruzo-Gomez Ezequiel , Perez-Martinez Pablo , Lopez-Miranda Jose , Delgado-Lista Javier
Published: February 2022

Due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent restrictions, universities have had to adapt their curricula substantially to new schemes in which remote learning is of the essence. In this study, we assess the feasibility of developing a mobile app supplementary to the distant teaching paradigm for the “Cardiology” module of the “General Pathology” subject in undergraduate Medical Education, and we evaluate its impact and acceptability. A cohort of volunteer second-year medical students (n = 44) had access to the app, and their opinions on its utility (1–10) were collected. Additionally, the students were invited to refer their expected satisfaction (1–10) with a blended learning methodology overlapping this new tool with the traditional resources. The average expected satisfaction had been compared to the average satisfaction obtained by just the traditional methodology in other modules from the same subject. Through a qualitative approach, we defined the strengths and weaknesses of the tool. Seventy-seven percent of the participants rated at 8/10 or more the potential learning value of the application and, if used as a supplement to traditional teaching, it would also statistically improve the satisfaction of students (6.52 vs. 8.70, p < 0.001). Similarly, the qualitative data corroborated the benefits of such innovation. Multidisciplinary collaborations are encouraged to develop teaching innovations, although further research should aim to better define the effectiveness of learning with these resources.
Factors Influencing Medical Personnel to Work in Primary Health Care Institutions: An Extended Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Jia Huanhuan , Yu Jianxing , Feng Tianyu , Ning Liangwen , Cao Peng , Shang Panpan , Gao Shang , Yu Xihe
Published: February 2022

In China, the primary health care institutions (PHCIs) have difficulty winning the trust of residents because of the shortage of medical personnel and the low level of skills. The government has advocated encouraging qualified doctors to work in PHCIs, but no obvious results are achieved. Based on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), this paper explores the factors affecting medical personnel seeking employment in PHCIs and then putting forward measures to improve the human resources construction of PHCIs. A three-stage survey was conducted to obtain the factors and a structural equation modeling (SEM) was applied to examine the relationship of the factors. We found that the factors affecting medical personnel to work in PHCIs include the specific conditions and work contents of PHCIs, as well as the family life and regional factors. Besides, there is a significant correlation and indirectness between these factors. Therefore, targeted measures can be proposed to improve the intention of medical personnel seeking employment in PHCIs. This study provides theoretical support for encouraging medical personnel to work in PHCIs and improving the primary health care system.
The Factors Associated with Person-Centered Care Competence among Nursing Students
Authors: Kim Myoungsuk
Published: February 2022

To improve person-centered care (PCC) competence among nursing students, various associated factors must be considered. This study aimed to identify the factors influencing PCC competence among South Korean nursing students, using a descriptive, cross-sectional design. Participants were recruited from three nursing colleges in South Korea using convenience sampling. Data were collected from 1 December 2020 to 31 January 2021, using structured self-report questionnaires. Demographic information, positive psychological capital, ego-resiliency, and depression of the participants were assessed. Descriptive statistics, independent t-tests, one-way analyses of variance, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were used in statistical analysis. Participants with highly positive psychological capital (r = 0.509, p < 0.001) and high ego-resiliency (r = 0.480, p < 0.001) had very good PCC competence. The multiple regression analysis revealed that 30.1% of the variance in PCC competence is attributable to positive psychological capital and ego-resiliency (F = 34.59, p < 0.001, adjusted R2 = 0.301). These results highlighted the need for strategies to enhance psychological factors, such as positive psychological capital and ego-resiliency, that could boost PCC competence in nursing students.
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training for Urinary Incontinence with or without Biofeedback or Electrostimulation in Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Alouini Souhail , Memic Sejla , Couillandre Annabelle
Published: February 2022

To determine the effectiveness of pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) with or without biofeedback or electrostimulation in reducing urinary incontinence and pelvic floor muscle con-traction in non-pregnant women with urinary incontinence. Methods: The following electronic databases were searched: PubMed, Cochrane Central, ClinicalTrials.gov, EU Clinical Trials Register, and sources from NICE, FDA, EMA, and SMC (articles only in English, 2000–2021). Search terms were: urinary incontinence, pelvic floor muscle training or exercises, biofeedback, electrostimulation. We used the PRISMA statement (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) for this systematic review. Relevant articles were selected, data were extracted, and quality was assessed. Data were extracted in predesigned form, followed by narrative synthesis. Results: Following the search, 15 RCTs were retrieved using the strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, assessing 2441 non-pregnant women with urinary incontinence. Of the 15 studies, 7 were low risk, 5 were medium risk, and 3 were high-risk studies. Of the 2441 patients, 970 were in PFMT, 69 were in extracorporeal magnetic innervation (ExMi) or with PFMT + BF, 30 were in electrostimulation (ES), 21 were in whole body vibration training (WBVT), 23 were in pelvic floor muscle + abdominal muscle therapy (PFM + AMT), 326 were in PFMT + biofeedback, 93 were in vaginal cones (VC), 362 were in PFMT + education, 318 were in education, and 229 were in control groups. The most often measures employed were pad tests, bladder diary, and questionnaire on the quality of life. Stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence were studied. In all RCT, PFMT significantly reduced urinary incontinence, essentially SIU and MUI, when compared with the control group before and after treatment. Overall, out of 997 PFMT or PFMT + education patients, 504 patients (50.5%) showed improvement in urinary incontinence, and 218 became continent (21.8%) (negative pad test). In total, 62% of patients significantly reduced their urinary incontinence or cured it and improved their pelvic floor muscle contraction. All other physiotherapist techniques also significantly reduced urinary leakages, e.g., vaginal cones, biofeedback, ExMI, and WBVT when compared with the control group. There were no significant differences between these methods in reducing the severity of urinary incontinence. Conclusion: PFMT alone or with bio-feedback or electrostimulation was effective in reducing urinary incontinence and improving pelvic floor muscle contraction. PFMT when compared with other interventions such as bio-feedback, VC, and WBVT did not show significant differences but was superior to the control group. RCT studies with similar parameters used for measuring the outcomes need to be included.
Burnout and Psychological Vulnerability in First Responders: Monitoring Depersonalization and Phobic Anxiety during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Benincasa Veronica , Passannante Maria , Perrini Filippo , Carpinelli Luna , Moccia Giuseppina , Marinaci Tiziana , Capunzo Mario , Pironti Concetta , Genovese Armando , Savarese Giulia , De Caro Francesco , Motta Oriana
Published: February 2022

Background: It is common knowledge that first responders are among the helping professionals most at risk of burnout and psychological vulnerability. During the COVID-19 pandemic, their mental health has been subjected to various risk factors. Methods: Data on socio-demographic characteristics, the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and psychological vulnerability (SCL-90-R) were obtained from 228 subjects (55.3% female; M age = 45.23, SD = 13.14) grouped on the basis of their actual involvement during the emergency phases (82% First Responders and 18% Second Responders). Results: First responders exceeded the MBI clinical cut-off, while SRs did not (χ² ≥ 0.5); specifically, EE = 89.8%, DP = 85.8%, and PA = 82.1%. The FR group showed a higher mean in the global severity index (GSI = 49.37) than did the SRs (=43.95), and the FR group exceeded the clinical cut-off in the SCL-90-R scales of SOM (51.06), ANX (52.40), and PHOB (53.60), while the SF group did so only for the PHOB scale (50.41). The MBI dimensions correlated significantly (p = 0.05) with all investigated clinical scales of the SCL-90-R. Conclusions: Emergency situations expose first responders to specific risk factors related to work performance and relational aspects, which contribute to increased psychological vulnerability and burnout.
Dimensional Changes in the Alveolus after a Combination of Immediate Postextraction Implant and Connective Grafting and/or Socket Shield Technique
Authors: Gómez-Meda Ramón , Rizo-Gorrita María , Serrera-Figallo María-Angeles , Esquivel Jonathan , Herraez-Galindo Cristina , Torres-Lagares Daniel
Published: February 2022

Immediate implant placement protocols after dental extraction have enabled a reduction in surgical phases. This procedure has increased patient satisfaction and similar survival rates to late implant placement procedures. However, placing an implant immediately after dental extraction does not counteract the physiological remodeling of alveolar bone. For this reason, additional surgical techniques have been developed, such as the placement of a connective tissue graft (CTG) or the socket shield technique (SST). Dimensional changes in the peri-implant tissues were observed after placement of immediate implants following the extraction and CTG and/or SST. A total of 26 surgical interventions were carried out in which dimensional change variables of peri-implant tissues were analyzed. The preoperative state and immediate postoperative situation were compared with the situation after one year. Measurements were taken at 3, 5, and 7 mm from the gingival margin and analyzed in this CBCT radiological study (Planmeca Promax 3D). The implant platform was used as a reference point for the measurement of changes in alveolar crest height. One year after performing either of the two techniques (CTG and/or SST), a significant increase in the gingiva thickness and vestibular cortex occurred at 5 mm (0.65 ± 1.16 mm) and 7 mm (0.95 ± 1.45 mm) from the gingival margin. Additionally, an increase in thickness of palatal bone was registered at 3 mm (0.48 ± 0.90 mm). The graft placement group showed an increase in thickness of peri-implant tissue in the vestibular area after one year, although CTG and SST groups were clinically similar. The implementation of SST revealed promising results regarding the buccal thickness of hard and soft tissues after one year. A significant increase in vestibular cortical bone thickness, as well as the overall mucosa thickness and buccal bone at 3 mm from the gingival margin, was observed. A significant reduction in the distance from the bone crest to the platform was detected in both techniques. Both techniques (CTG and SST) are appropriate to provide sufficient volume to peri-implant tissues in the vestibular area of anterior maxillary implants. Some limitations were detected, such as the lack of an aesthetic analysis or small sample size, so results should be interpreted with caution. Future studies are necessary to further evaluate the long-term predictability of these techniques.
Genetic Variation in ZmPAT7 Contributes to Tassel Branch Number in Maize
Authors: Guan Honghui , Chen Xiaojing , Wang Kailiang , Liu Xuyang , Zhang Dengfeng , Li Yongxiang , Song Yanchun , Shi Yunsu , Wang Tianyu , Li Chunhui , Li Yu
Published: February 2022

Tassel branch number (TBN) is one of the important agronomic traits that contribute to the efficiency of seed production and has been selected strongly during the modern maize breeding process. However, the genetic mechanisms of TBN in maize are not entirely clear. In this study, we used a B73 × CML247 recombination inbred lines (RILs) population to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for TBN. A total of four QTLs (qTBN2a, qTBN2b, qTBN4, and qTBN6) and six candidate genes were identified through expression analysis. Further, one of the candidates (GRMZM2G010011, ZmPAT7) encoding an S-acyltransferase was selected to validate its function by CRISPR-Cas9 technology, and its loss-of-function lines showed a significant increase in TBN. A key SNP(−101) variation in the promoter of ZmPAT7 was significantly associated with TBN. A total of 17 distant eQTLs associated with the expression of ZmPAT7 were identified in expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis, and ZmNAC3 may be a major factor involved in regulating ZmPAT7. These findings of the present study promote our understanding of the genetic basis of tassel architecture and provide new gene resources for maize breeding improvement.