bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multicentre Evaluation of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Outpatients on Insulin Therapy in Nigeria (METOIN Study)
Authors: O. Nkpozi M. , M. Ezeude C. , A. Owolabi F. , Bozimo G. E. , U. Ogbonna S. , Akhidue K.
Published: August 2022

Background: Insulin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) outpatients remains largely not well accepted in Nigeria.  Both the physicians and the patients thread with caution whenever insulin is suggested as an outpatient treatment option. This study, therefore, is on the type 2 diabetes mellitus outpatients on insulin therapy despite the misgivings against insulin.

Methodology: This was a cross sectional study in which consenting T2DM outpatients who meet the inclusion criteria for the study in five tertiary health facilities were recruited and relevant data obtained via investigator-administered questionnaire between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2021. Data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23.0 software.

Results: A total of 268 T2DM outpatients were recruited into the study, made up of 116 (43.3%) men and 152 (56.7%) women. Out of this, 212 (79.1%) patients did not start insulin from onset of the illness. Insulin initiation was done for 203 (75.7%) of the patients by endocrinologists in teaching and specialist hospitals. A total of 161 (69.1%) patients used insulin pen. Insulin was self-administered by 189 (70.5%) of the patients while intermediate acting insulin was the predominant insulin used by 127 (47.4%) of the patients. No insulin side effect was reported by 191 (71.3%) of the patients and 252 (94.0%) patients reported that insulin injection pain was not enough reason not to be on insulin. Of the total number of patients, 110 (41.0%) patients reported hypoglycaemia which was treated at home by 90 (81.8%) of the patients. A total of 225 (84%) patients had personal glucometers of which 182 (80.9%) patients had glucose strips at the time of being recruited into the study.

Conclusion / Recommendation: This study has shown that insulin is initiated for majority of patients several years after the onset of the illness and that insulin is initiated mainly at teaching and specialist hospitals. Insulin pens were predominantly used and most of the patients self administered insulin which had no side effects in majority of them. Self glucose monitoring of blood glucose was done by a majority of the patient. It is recommended that continuous diabetes education and improvement in insulin technology be done to increase insulin acceptance and usage.
Investigating the Interaction between Methanol and the Heulandite-type Zeolite using First Principle Molecular Dynamic
Authors: Wulandhani Fiska Dewi , Pambudi Fajar Inggit
Published: August 2022

The interaction between methanol and the Heulandite-type zeolite has been unveiled to give an atomic scale detail regarding the catalytic activity of this zeolite for methanol conversion. The study was carried out by first principle molecular dynamics to get an insight into the structure and electronic behaviour of methanol inside the zeolite structure at different temperatures. The behaviour of methanol was studied when the location of the proton of Bronsted acid sites was varied to give both possible direct and less interaction with methanol. The results show that methanol interacts with the proton from zeolite to give a cationic species of [CH3OH2]+ both in 300K and 573K conditions. However, when the proton is located at different location far from possible interaction with methanol, the formation of a cationic species is hindered. This study provides an insight into the design of Heulandite type zeolite to give a catalytic activity toward methanol transformation.
A VIOLÊNCIA MUDA: NOTAS SOBRE O ESTADO E CIDADANIA DOS TRABALHADORES RURAIS
Authors: Ivo Anete Brito Leal
Published: August 2022

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"A REESPACIALIZAÇÃO DA ESTRUTURA FUNDIÁRIA DO ESTADO DA BAHIA"
Authors: Ivo Anete Brito Leal
Published: August 2022

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REPRESENTAÇÃO DA ESCOLA POR TRABALHADORES DA CIDADE DE SALVADOR
Authors: Borges Celma
Published: August 2022

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LÓGICA DA DIFERENCIAÇÃO SOCIAL NOTA SOBRE AS TRAJETÓRIAS PROFISSIONAIS NO NOVO OPERARIADO BAIANO
Authors: Agier Michel
Published: August 2022

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ESPAÇO URBANO, FAMÍLIA E STATUS SOCIAL - O novo operariado baiano nos seus bairros
Authors: Agier Michel
Published: August 2022

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MOVIMENTOS SOCIAIS E DEMOCRACIA: NOVOS FATOS EM BUSCA DE UMA TEORIZAÇÃO
Authors: De Carvalho Inaiá Maria Moreia , Laniado Ruthy Nádia
Published: August 2022

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O CONCEITO DE GÊNERO E AS ANÁLISES SOBRE MULHER E TRABALHO: NOTAS SOBRE IMPASSES TEÓRICOS
Authors: Garcia Castro Mary
Published: August 2022

Este é um ensaio que reflete sobre impasses do conhecimento, privilegiando o conceito de gênero e tomando para referência o trabalho da mulher. Ao longo do seu desenvolvimento ele passa por tópicos diversos e insinua várias questões, discutindo o corpo, o masculino, as relações entre gênero e etnicidade e a interação entre necessidades e desejos. Explorando as potencialidades de uma divisão social do trabalho baseada no conceito de gênero, suas análises evidenciam como esse conceito possibilita um novo conhecimento da vida social, e não apenas outro paradigma para o estudo de questões femininas. This article proposes a critical revision of the feminist use of the concept of sexual division of labor under a gender perspective. It aims to expand this debate preventing another essentialist explanatory discourse. The body, the masculine, race/ethnicity and the interplay between needs and desires are recalled. A gendered social division of labor is not restricted to labor use, but also to production and reproduction of rebellion, power and pleasure. In this line, instead of divisions, relations and practices should be the main focus, allowing for a new knowledge on social life and not just another paradigm to study women's issues. Publicação Online do Caderno CRH:http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br
Person-centred psychotherapy
Authors: Tudor Keith
Published: August 2022

This article discusses person-centred psychotherapy. Firstly, it provides a brief history of the development of person-centred psychology, and its form of psychotherapy, and summarises the contributions of the different tribes or strands of what is now generally referred to as the person-centred approach. Secondly, it considers some of the key contributions that Carl Rogers and other person-centred theorists and practitioners have made to the field of psychotherapy, as well as ways in which person-centred psychotherapy is viewed as insufficient and unnecessary. Finally, the article examines the present state of person- centred psychotherapy and its therapies in Aotearoa New Zealand, and the prospects for its future development and influence.

He matapakinga i te whakaoranga hinengaro pū-whaiaro tā tēnei tuhinga. Tuatahi, ka whakaratoa he kōrero paku nei o mua o te whanaketanga o tēnei momo tirohanga hinengaro, me tōna āhua hauora hinengaro ka whakarāpopoto hoki i te hua o ngā peka rerekē o tēnei mea e kīa nei i ēnei wā ko te rato pū-whaiaro. Tuarua, ka whakaarohia ētahi o ngā huanga matua kua homai e Kara Rāpata me ētahi atu kaiwhakatakoto ariā kaiwhakaharatau hoki ki te anga o te whakaora hinengaro, ā, me te āhua whakaaro kāre i te rahi ā kāre noa iho ōna kiko. I te mutunga, ka āta matawaihia te takotoranga onāianei o tēnei āhua whakaora hinengaro me āna haumaruhanga i Aotearoa Niu Tīreni, me ngā tōnui mō tōna whanaketanga anamata tōna awenga hoki.
Learning by explaining after pauses in video lectures: Are provided visuals a scaffold or a crutch?
Authors: Fiorella Logan
Published: August 2022

Explaining after pauses in a video lecture can be an effective learning activity, yet students need support to generate comprehensive explanations. This study tested whether providing students access to the visualizations from the video enhances explanation comprehensiveness and transfer performance. Undergraduates (n = 112) watched a 5‐part lesson on the human kidney consisting of explanations and drawings. After each part, students typed an explanation without access to information from the video (explain group) or with access to the visualizations from the video (explain‐visuals group), or they studied the visualizations and transcript from the video (restudy group). Students who explained significantly outperformed the restudy group on the transfer test (d = .47). The explain‐visuals group generated significantly more comprehensive explanations during learning than the explain group (d = .54), but this did not result in significantly better performance on the subsequent transfer test (d = .09), suggesting the visuals may have served as a crutch more than a scaffold.
Hydroxychloroquine and Risk of Long QT Syndrome in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Veterans Cohort Study With Nineteen‐Year Follow‐up
Authors: Quiñones Mercedes E. , Joseph Joyce K. , Dowell Sharon , Moore Hans J. , Karasik Pamela E. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Fletcher Ross D. , Cheng Yan , Zeng‐Treitler Qing , Arundel Cherinne , Liappis Angelike P. , Sheriff Helen M. , Zhang Sijian , Taub Daniel D. , Heimall Michael S. , Faselis Charles , Kerr Gail S. , Ahmed Ali
Published: August 2022

Objective

Recent evidence suggests that hydroxychloroquine use is not associated with higher 1‐year risk of long QT syndrome (LQTS) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Less is known about its long‐term risk, the examination of which was the objective of this study.

Methods

We conducted a propensity score–matched active‐comparator safety study of hydroxychloroquine in 8,852 veterans (mean age 64 ± 12 years, 14% women, 28% Black) with newly diagnosed RA. A total of 4,426 patients started on hydroxychloroquine and 4,426 started on another nonbiologic disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) and were balanced on 87 baseline characteristics. The primary outcome was LQTS during 19‐year follow‐up through December 31, 2019.

Results

Incident LQTS occurred in 4 (0.09%) and 5 (0.11%) patients in the hydroxychloroquine and other DMARD groups, respectively, during the first 2 years. Respective 5‐year incidences were 17 (0.38%) and 6 (0.14%), representing 11 additional LQTS events in the hydroxychloroquine group (number needed to harm 403; [95% confidence interval (95% CI)], 217–1,740) and a 181% greater relative risk (95% CI 11%–613%; P = 0.030). Although overall 10‐year risk remained significant (hazard ratio 2.17; 95% CI 1.13–4.18), only 5 extra LQTS occurred in hydroxychloroquine group over the next 5 years (years 6–10) and 1 over the next 9 years (years 11–19). There was no association with arrhythmia‐related hospitalization or all‐cause mortality.

Conclusions

Hydroxychloroquine use had no association with LQTS during the first 2 years after initiation of therapy. There was a higher risk thereafter that became significant after 5 years of therapy. However, the 5‐year absolute risk was very low, and the absolute risk difference was even lower. Both risks attenuated during longer follow‐up. These findings provide evidence for long‐term safety of hydroxychloroquine in patients with RA.
Update on the Efficacy and Safety Profile of Voclosporin: An Integrated Analysis of Clinical Trials in Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Arriens Cristina , Teng Y. K. Onno , Ginzler Ellen M. , Parikh Samir V. , Askanase Anca D. , Saxena Amit , Gibson Keisha , Caster Dawn J. , Atsumi Tatsuya , Lisk Laura , Randhawa Simrat , Gluck Rashieda , Solomons Neil , Huizinga Robert B.
Published: August 2022

Objective

This integrated analysis evaluates the efficacy and safety of voclosporin, a novel calcineurin inhibitor, at 23.7 mg twice daily in combination with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and oral glucocorticoids in lupus nephritis (LN) using pooled data from two large phase II and phase III clinical trials. The purpose was to expand the pool of patients for safety analyses and to increase power for efficacy analyses in patient subpopulations.

Methods

Aurinia Urinary Protein Reduction in Active Lupus with Voclosporin (AURA‐LV) (phase II) and Aurinia Renal Response in Active Lupus With Voclosporin (AURORA 1) (phase III) were randomized, placebo‐controlled, double‐blind trials with similar designs and end points comparing voclosporin to control in combination with MMF and oral glucocorticoids for the treatment of LN. The primary efficacy outcome of the integrated analysis was complete renal response (CRR) at approximately one year (Week 48 data from AURA‐LV and Week 52 from AURORA 1). Safety was assessed throughout the trials.

Results

Overall, 534 patients (268 voclosporin; 266 control) were included in the integrated analysis. Significantly more patients achieved a CRR at one year in the voclosporin group than in the control group (43.7% vs. 23.3%; OR 2.76; 95% CI 1.88, 4.05P< 0.0001). The incidence of adverse events (AEs) was similar (91.4% voclosporin; 87.2% control). Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity; the most commonly reported AEs were classified as infections and infestations (62.2% voclosporin; 54.9% control) and gastrointestinal disorders (45.3% voclosporin; 35.3% placebo). No new or unexpected safety signals were detected.

Conclusions

This integrated analysis demonstrates the efficacy and safety of voclosporin in the treatment of LN across the diverse racial and ethnic groups studied.
Readily Accessible Metallic Micro‐Island Arrays for High‐Performance Metal Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Kim Jaehyun , Park Joon Bee , Zheng Ding , Kim Joon‐Seok , Cheng Yuhua , Park Sung Kyu , Huang Wei , Marks Tobin J. , Facchetti Antonio
Published: August 2022

Thin‐film transistors using metal oxide semiconductors are essential in many unconventional electronic devices. Nevertheless, further advances will be necessary to broaden their technological appeal. Here, a new strategy is reported to achieve high‐performance solution‐processed metal oxide thin‐film transistors (MOTFTs) by introducing a metallic micro‐island array (M‐MIA) on top of the MO back channel, where the MO is a‐IGZO (amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc‐oxide). Here Al‐MIAs are fabricated using honeycomb cinnamate cellulose films, created by a scalable breath‐figure method, as a shadow mask. For IGZO TFTs, the electron mobility (µe) increases from ≈3.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 to near 15.6 cm2 V−1 s−1 for optimal Al‐MIA dimension/coverage of 1.25 µm/51%. The Al‐MIA IGZO TFT performance is superior to that of controls using compact/planar Al layers (Al‐PL TFTs) and Au‐MIAs with the same channel coverage. Kelvin probe force microscopy and technology computer‐aided design simulations reveal that charge transfer occurs between the Al and the IGZO channel which is optimized for specific Al‐MIA dimensions/surface channel coverages. Furthermore, such Al‐MIA IGZO TFTs with a high‐k fluoride‐doped alumina dielectric exhibit a maximum µe of >50.2 cm2 V−1 s−1 . This is the first demonstration of a micro‐structured MO semiconductor heterojunction with submicrometer resolution metallic arrays for enhanced transistor performance and broad applicability to other devices.
A New Family of Indolyl‐type Benzimidazolium Salts Applied in Suzuki‐Miyaura Coupling of Aryl Chlorides
Authors: Hsu Tung‐Yu , Hsu Yu‐Ming , Lai Yu‐Ting , Lin Huan‐Pin , Wang Ying‐Yueh , Lu Ta‐Jung , Lee Dong‐Sheng
Published: August 2022

A new class of indolyl‐based benzimidazolium salts has first been obtained by a simple process from commercially available indole, 4‐iodoanisole, and benzimidazole. The structure of these salts offers beneficial features which include the high potential of steric and electronic tunability on the indole moiety and that of steric effect on the wingtip of benzimidazole moiety. The combination of indolyl‐based benzimidazolium salts and palladium metal precursors formedin situare high‐efficient catalysts for accessing a wide range of biaryls in good to excellent yields, in particular, di‐ortho‐substituted biaryls, as well as good functional group tolerance, and the catalyst loading down to 0.25 mol % of Pd can be achieved.
Double Confinement Hydrogel Network Enables Continuously Regenerative Solar‐to‐Hydrogen Conversion
Authors: Qin Haili , Li Na , Xu Hou‐Ming , Guo Qiu‐Yan , Cong Huai‐Ping , Yu Shu‐Hong
Published: August 2022

Soft matter catalyst system allowing controllable manipulation of the organized nanostructure and surface property holds the potential for renewable energy. Here we demonstrate the construction of a continuously regenerative hydrogel photocatalyst that confines the metal‐thiolate coordination induced nanocavity into robust micro‐sized spongy network for water splitting. Thanks to low vaporization enthalpy and fast proton mobility of water molecules confining in nanocavities, the composite delivers outstanding photocatalytic H2 production (TOF of 4568 H2 h−1), nearly 4.5 times higher than that on the catalyst without confinements. Incorporating with conductive polymers, the TOF is substantially improved to 7819 H2 h−1. Impressively, continuous regeneration is for the first time achieved with H2 production retention improved from 24 % to 72 % by regulating optically‐active catalyst surfaces. This optical regeneration method provides new avenues for sustainable solar energy conversion.
Flexible Single‐Chain‐Heteropolymer‐Derived Transmembrane Ion Channels with High K+ Selectivity and Tunable pH‐Gated Characteristics
Authors: Yan Tengfei , Liu Shengda , Li Cong , Xu Jiayun , Yu Shuangjiang , Wang Tingting , Sun Hongcheng , Liu Junqiu
Published: August 2022

A series of single‐chain random heteropolymer (RHP)‐derived artificial ion channels with both high K+ selectivity and controllable pH‐gated behaviors were fabricated by a facile “one‐pot” polymerization method. The benzo‐18‐crown‐6 moieties appended on lateral chains of RHPs can form ion‐permeable nanopores and transport K+ over Na+ through the lipid bilayers. The ion permeation selectivity was significantly enhanced by incorporating a cholesterol group to serve as a membrane anchor. Interestingly, similar to natural gated protein channels, on–off switchable characteristics were also realized by integrating an additional acid‐sensitive alkylamine group into the RHP‐derived channel. The unique design strategies have endowed the RHP‐derived ion channels with facile synthetic procedures, desirable membrane compatibility, high K+ selectivity, and tunable pH‐gated properties. This work provides an entry point for future design of novel functional nanochannels.
Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Inverse‐Electron‐Demand Diels–Alder Cycloaddition between 2‐Pyrones and Acyclic Enol Ethers
Authors: Huang Guanghao , Guillot Régis , Kouklovsky Cyrille , Maryasin Boris , de la Torre Aurélien
Published: August 2022

A broadly applicable diastereo‐ and enantioselective inverse‐electron‐demand Diels–Alder reaction of 2‐pyrones and acyclic enol ethers is reported herein. Using a copper(II)‐BOX catalytic system, bridged bicyclic lactones are obtained in very high yields (up to 99 % yield) and enantioselectivities (up to 99 % ee) from diversely substituted 2‐pyrones and acyclic enol ethers. Mechanistic experiments as well as DFT calculations indicate the occurrence of a stepwise mechanism. The synthetic potential of the bridged bicyclic lactones is showcased by the enantioselective synthesis of polyfunctional cyclohexenes and cyclohexadienes, as well as a carbasugar unit.
Atroposelective Electrophilic Sulfenylation ofN‐Aryl Aminoquinone Derivatives Catalyzed by Chiral SPINOL‐Derived Sulfide
Authors: Zhu Deng , Yu Lu , Luo Hui‐Yun , Xue Xiao‐Song , Chen Zhi‐Min
Published: August 2022

Atroposelective electrophilic sulfenylation ofN‐aryl aminoquinone derivatives has been achieved for the first time. This transformation is enabled by a new chiral 6,6′‐disubstituted SPINOL‐derived sulfide catalyst, which was first synthesized and then successfully explored for catalyzing enantioselective reactions. Various axially chiral sulfur‐containing diarylamine derivatives were readily obtained in moderate to excellent yields with moderate to excellent enantioselectivities. A class of relatively flexible stereogenic C−N axes was easily constructed. The experimental results and a computational study suggested that an intramolecular N−H⋅⋅⋅S hydrogen bond is important for the stability of the C−N axis, which is consistent with our hypothesis. Density functional theory calculations revealed the origin of atroposelectivity and underscored the importance of catalyst rigidity in this sulfenylation reaction.
Gold Nanomaterials and their Composites as Electrochemical Sensing Platforms for Nitrite Detection
Authors: Saha Protity , Akter Riva , Shaheen Shah Syed , Mahfoz Wael , Aziz Md. Abdul , Saleh Ahammad A. J.
Published: August 2022

Nitrite is one of the abundant toxic components existing in the environment and is likely to have a great potential to affect human health badly. For that reason, it has become crucial to build a reliable nitrite detection method. In recent years, several nitrite monitoring systems have been proposed. Compared with traditional analytical strategies, the electrochemical approach has a bunch of advantages, including low cost, rapid response, easy operation, simplicity, etc. In this case, noble metal nanomaterials, especially Au‐based nanomaterials, have attracted attention in electrode modification because of higher catalytic activity, facile mass transfer, and broad active area for determining nitrite. This review is based on the state‐of‐the‐art, which includes a variety of nanomaterials that have been coupled with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for the creation of nanocomposites, and the construction as well as development of electrochemical sensors for nitrite detection over the last few years (2016‐2022). A background study on synthesizing different morphological AuNPs and nanocomposites has also been introduced. The fabrication methods and sensing capabilities of modified electrodes are given special consideration.
DeepHistory: A convolutional neural network for automatic animation of museum paintings
Authors: Ysique‐Neciosup Jose , Mercado‐Chavez Nilton , Ugarte Willy
Published: August 2022

Deep learning models have shown that it is possible to train neural networks to dispense, to a lesser or greater extent, with the need for human intervention for the task of image animation, which helps to reduce not only the production time of these audiovisual pieces, but also presents benefits with respect to the economic investment they require to be made. However, these models suffer from two common problems: the animations they generate are of very low resolution and they require large amounts of training data to generate good results. To deal with these issues, this article introduces the architectural modification of a state‐of‐the‐art image animation model integrated with a video super‐resolution model to make the generated videos more visually pleasing to viewers. Although it is possible to train the animation models with higher resolution images, the time it would take to train them would be much longer, which does not necessarily benefit the quality of the animation, so it is more efficient to complement it with another model focused on improving the animation resolution of the generated video as we demonstrate in our results. We present the design and implementation of a convolutional neural network based on an state‐of‐art model focused on the image animation task, which is trained with a set of facial data from videos extracted from the YouTube platform. To determine which of all the modifications to the selected state‐of‐the‐art model architecture is better, the results are compared with different metrics that evaluate the performance in image animation and video quality enhancement tasks. The results show that modifying the architecture of the model focused on the detection of characteristic points significantly helps to generate more anatomically and visually attractive videos. In addition, perceptual testing with users shows that using a super‐resolution video model as a plugin helps generate more visually appealing videos.
Tellurophene‐Tagging of Teniposide Facilitates Monitoring by Mass Cytometry
Authors: Rana Rahul , Vellanki Ravi N. , Wouters Bradly G. , Nitz Mark
Published: August 2022

Target engagement and the biodistribution of exogenously administered small molecules is rarely homogenous. Methods to determine the biodistribution at the cellular level are limited by the ability to detect the small molecule and simultaneously identify the cell types or tissue structures with which it is associated. The highly multiplexed nature of mass cytometry could facilitate these studies provided a heavy isotope label was available in the molecule of interest. Here we show it is possible to append a tellurophene to a known chemotherapeutic, teniposide, to follow this molecule in vivo. A semi‐synthetic approach offers an efficient route to the teniposide analogue which is found to have similar characteristics when compared with the parent teniposide in vitro. Using mass cytometry we find the teniposide analogue has significant nonspecific binding to cells. In vivo the tellurium bearing teniposide produces the expected DNA damage in a PANC‐1 xenograft model. The distribution of Te in the tissue is near the limits of detection and further work will be required to characterize the localization of this analogue with respect to cell type distributions.
Core‐Shell DNA‐Cholesterol Nanoparticles Exert Lysosomolytic Activity in African Trypanosomes**
Authors: Knieß Robert , Leeder Wolf‐Matthias , Reißig Paul , Geyer Felix Klaus , Göringer H. Ulrich
Published: August 2022

Trypanosoma brucei is the causal infectious agent of African trypanosomiasis in humans and Nagana in livestock. Both diseases are currently treated with a small number of chemotherapeutics, which are hampered by a variety of limitations reaching from efficacy and toxicity complications to drug‐resistance problems. Here, we explore the forward design of a new class of synthetic trypanocides based on nanostructured, core‐shell DNA‐lipid particles. In aqueous solution, the particles self‐assemble into micelle‐type structures consisting of a solvent‐exposed, hydrophilic DNA shell and a hydrophobic lipid core. DNA‐lipid nanoparticles have membrane‐adhesive qualities and can permeabilize lipid membranes. We report the synthesis of DNA‐cholesterol nanoparticles, which specifically subvert the membrane integrity of the T. brucei lysosome, killing the parasite with nanomolar potencies. Furthermore, we provide an example of the programmability of the nanoparticles. By functionalizing the DNA shell with a spliced leader (SL)‐RNA‐specific DNAzyme, we target a second trypanosome‐specific pathway (dual‐target approach). The DNAzyme provides a backup to counteract the recovery of compromised parasites, which reduces the risk of developing drug resistance.
LncRNA FGD5‐AS1 potentiates autophagy‐associated doxorubicin resistance by regulating the miR‐154‐5p/WNT5A axis in osteosarcoma
Authors: Fei Dan , Yuan Hongping , Zhao Mingming , Zhao Dongxu
Published: August 2022

Osteosarcoma is prevalent in children and adolescent. The oncogenic function of long‐chain noncoding RNA (lncRNA) FGD5 antisense RNA 1 (FGD5‐AS1) has been reported. However, the function of FGD5‐AS1 in doxorubicin‐resistance in osteosarcoma remains to be illucidated. Quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) and western blot analysis (WB) were used to measure the expression of FGD5‐AS1, miR‐154‐5p, WNT5A and autophagy proteins. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability and transwell assay was performed to evaluate migration. A nude mouse xenograft model was developed to verify the function of FGD5‐AS1 in vivo. FGD5‐AS1 was upregulated in doxorubicin‐resistant (DXR) osteosarcoma cells. Knockdown of FGD5‐AS1 suppressed osteosarcoma cell proliferation, migration, and autophagy. FGD5‐AS1 upregulated WNT5A expression via sponging miR‐154‐5p. Furthermore, FGD5‐AS1 enhanced osteosarcoma cell chemotherapy resistance through upregulation of WNT5A by inhibiting miR‐154‐5p. Suppression of FGD5‐AS1 significantly suppressed tumor growth in nude mice. FGD5‐AS1 may promote chemoresistance through WNT5A‐induced autophagy by sponging miR‐154‐5p in osteosarcoma cells.
Impact of high‐pressure balloon aortic valvuloplasty on the hydrodynamic result after a transcatheter valve‐in‐valve procedure
Authors: Sadat Najla , Bruhn Denise , Scharfschwerdt Michael , Schaller Tim , Aboud Anas , Saisho Hiroyuki , Eitel Ingo , Ensminger Stephan , Fujita Buntaro
Published: August 2022

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the degree of functional improvement of a transcatheter heart valve (THV) for valve‐in‐valve after bioprosthetic valve fracture (BVF) of three small surgical aortic valve bioprostheses (SAVBP) using high‐pressure balloon aortic valvuloplasty (HP‐BAV) under standardized ex‐vivo‐conditions.

Methods

A THV 26 mm (Evolut R) and SAVBP 21 mm (Perimount Magna Ease, Trifecta, and Epic supra [n = 4] were used. Mean pressure gradient (MPG), effective orifice area (EOA), geometric orifice area (GOA), minimal internal diameter (MID), and pinwheeling index (PWI) were analyzed before and after HP‐BAV of the SAVBP using a noncompliant balloon. Fracturing of the SAVBP was done before implantation of the THV and the balloon pressures at the point of fracture were recorded.

Results

The Magna Ease and Epic fractured at balloon pressures of 18 and 8 atm, respectively. The Trifecta did not fracture up to a balloon pressure of 30 atm but was dilated. HP‐BAV led to increased THV expansion as evident by straightened coaptation lines of the Evolut R 26 mm with reduced PWI, increased MID, and increased GOA in all 21 mm SAVBP. Evolut R showed significantly lower MPG and higher EOA as ViV in all prostheses after HP‐BAV (p < 0.001). MPG and EOA of Evolut R differed regarding the SAVBP. Evolut R presented the lowest MPG and highest EOA in Magna Ease and the highest MPG and lowest EOA in Epic supra.

Conclusions

The degree of function improvement of the same THV as ViV after HP‐BAV depends on the surgical valve model. Functional improvement can also be achieved without valve fracture.
Two‐year clinical outcomes after successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation with balloon‐expandable versus self‐expanding valves: A subanalysis of the GALILEO trial
Authors: Okuno Taishi , Dangas George D. , Hengstenberg Christian , Sartori Samantha , Herrmann Howard C. , de Winter Robert , Gilard Martine , Tchétché Didier , Möllmann Helge , Makkar Raj R. , Baldus Stephan , De Backer Ole , Bendz Bjørn , Kini Annapoorna , von Lewinski Dirk , Mack Michael , Moreno Raúl , Schäfer Ulrich , Wöhrle Jochen , Seeger Julia , Snyder Clayton , Nicolas Johny , Tijssen Jan G. P. , Welsh Robert C. , Vranckx Pascal , Valgimigli Marco , Mehran Roxana , Kapadia Samir , Sondergaard Lars , Windecker Stephan
Published: August 2022

Background

Midterm data comparing clinical outcomes after successful implantation of self‐expanding and balloon‐expandable transcatheter heart valves (THV) are limited. We aimed to compare 2‐year outcomes after successful transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) with the Edwards balloon‐expandable or the Medtronic self‐expanding THV.

Methods

Two‐year outcomes were analyzed according to the implanted THV in the GALILEO trial. Major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) was a composite of all‐cause death or thromboembolic events including stroke, myocardial infarction, symptomatic valve thrombosis, systemic embolism, deep‐vein thrombosis, or pulmonary embolism.

Results

Among 1644 patients recruited in 136 centers across 16 countries between 2015 and 2018, 499 received a self‐expanding and 757 patients received a balloon‐expandable THV. Patients treated with a self‐expanding THV were more likely to be female, and had higher surgical risk, lower hemoglobin levels, and more frequent valve‐in‐valve procedures than those with a balloon‐expandable THV. After multivariable adjustment, there were no significant differences in major clinical outcomes between self‐expanding versus balloon‐expandable THV: MACCE (17.0% vs. 13.4%, adjusted‐hazard ratios [HR] 1.18, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 0.82−1.69); all‐cause death (11.4% vs. 9.3%, adjusted‐HR 1.26; 95% CI: 0.78−2.05); cardiovascular death (8.5% vs. 4.0%, adjusted‐HR 1.53; 95% CI: 0.82−2.86), any stroke (5.1% vs. 3.7%, adjusted‐HR 0.86; 95% CI: 0.43−1.73); major or life‐threatening bleeding (5.9% vs. 6.8%, adjusted‐HR 0.93; 95% CI: 0.53−1.63). Clinical Trial Registration: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. NCT02556203.

Conclusions

Two‐year follow‐up data from the GALILEO trial indicate that successful TAVI either with self‐expanding or balloon‐expandable THVs according to physician discretion did not show difference in rates of MACCE.
One‐Step Synthesis of Sulfate‐Modified Titania Nanoparticles with Surface Acidic and Sustained Photocatalytic Properties via Solid‐State Thermolysis of Titanyl Sulfate
Authors: Svensson Fredric G. , Österlund Lars
Published: August 2022

Titania nanoparticles surface‐functionalized with sulfate were prepared by thermal degradation of titanyl sulfate. At 600 °C pure anatase phase is obtained. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed 1.4 at.% sulfur in the +6 oxidation state. At 700 °C anatase was still present, which is attributed to the presence of small amounts of stabilizing sulfate groups only detectable by high‐resolution XPS, segregating to the nanoparticle interfaces. Adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of acetaldehyde reactions were studied by in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform spectroscopy and 2D correlation spectroscopy, and compared with pure anatase nanoparticles. Aldol condensation of acetaldehyde and subsequent accumulation of crotonaldehyde was lower on sulfate‐modified titania. Butanoate was identified as an intermediate, which forms after dimerization and aldol condensation. Much more carboxylates and carbonates accumulated on pure anatase catalysts compared with sulfate‐modified anatase during photocatalysis. It is conjectured that surface acidic photocatalysts could be beneficial for achieving sustained activity for photodegradation of organic pollutants.
Chemical engineering and industrial ecology: Remanufacturing and recycling as process systems
Authors: Salatino Piero , Chirone Roberto , Clift Roland
Published: August 2022

Climate change and resource scarcity are just two of the planetary crises that make radical socio‐economic change essential if human society is to be sustainable. Chemical engineering is a skill‐set that can make a unique contribution to the socio‐economic transition, going beyond new technological processes to provide a system‐level understanding of economic activities from the perspective of industrial ecology. This paper provides an example by applying process system analysis to the use, re‐use, remanufacturing, and recycling of material products. Unlike the ‘circular economy’ approach, the analysis starts from the stock of goods and materials in use in the economy and models the flows required to build up, operate, and maintain the stock. Metrics are developed to account for the effect of stock growth on demand for materials. The significance of the analysis is illustrated for four metals whose industrial ecologies are at different levels of maturity: lead, copper, aluminium, and lithium. Extending product life through re‐use and remanufacturing is crucial for resource efficiency, using labour to reduce demand for energy and non‐renewable resources. If end‐of‐life products are processed to recover individual elements, the cost penalties increase rapidly with the decreasing concentration of valuable materials and increasing number of materials in the mixture. Thus, shifting from a linear economy (make−use−dispose) to closed‐loop use of materials involves rethinking product design to reduce the number of materials used. Material substitution to reduce demand for scarce materials needs to look beyond equivalence of function to consider changing patterns of use in the regenerative economy.
Precise Control of Self‐assembly in vivo Based on Polymer‐Peptide Conjugates†
Authors: Xu Yin‐Sheng , Wang Hao , Qiao Zeng‐Ying
Published: August 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The self‐assembled nanomaterials based on peptides, which have not only good biocompatibility and low toxicity but also high stability and performance, are increasingly becoming an important way for cancer treatment. In this review, we highlight the progress of in vivo self‐assembled polymer‐peptide conjugates (PPCs) and their application, showing the recent advances in the development of “in vivo self‐assembly” strategy for cancer treatment. Given the diverse microenvironments of tumor cells, different responsive assembly strategies (enzyme, pH, redox, temperature, etc.) have been developed to precisely control the assembly at different biological levels, realizing enhanced drug delivery and improved anticancer efficacy.
Effect of early metoprolol before PCI in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction on infarct size and left ventricular ejection fraction. A systematic review and meta‐analysis of clinical trials
Authors: Motawea Karam R. , Gaber Hamed , Singh Ravi B. , Swed Sarya , Elshenawy Salem , Talat Nesreen Elsayed , Elgabrty Nawal , Shoib Sheikh , Wahsh Engy A. , Chébl Pensée , Reyad Sarraa M. , Rozan Samah S. , Aiash Hani
Published: August 2022

Aim

This meta‐analysis aims to look at the impact of early intravenous Metoprolol in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) on infarct size, as measured by cardio magnetic resonance (CMR) and left ventricular ejection fraction.

Methods

We searched the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane library, and Web of Science. We included only randomized control trials that reported the use of early intravenous Metoprolol in STEMI before PCI on infarct size, as measured by CMR and left ventricular ejection fraction. RevMan software 5.4 was used for performing the analysis.

Results

Following a literature search, 340 publications were found. Finally, 18 studies were included for the systematic review, and 8 clinical trials were included in the meta‐analysis after the full‐text screening. At 6 months, the pooled effect revealed a statistically significant association between Metoprolol and increased left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (%) compared to controls (mean difference [MD] = 3.57, [95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.22–4.92], p < .00001), as well as decreased infarcted myocardium(g) compared to controls (MD = −3.84, [95% [CI] = −5.75 to −1.93], p < .0001). At 1 week, the pooled effect revealed a statistically significant association between Metoprolol and increased LVEF (%) compared to controls (MD = 2.98, [95% CI = 1.26−4.69], p = .0007), as well as decreased infarcted myocardium(%) compared to controls (MD = −3.21, [95% CI = −5.24 to −1.18], p = .002).

Conclusion

A significant decrease in myocardial infarction and increase in LVEF (%) was linked to receiving Metoprolol at 1 week and 6‐month follow‐up.
Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct: Cytomorphologic and molecular features
Authors: Stendahl Kristin , Gilani Syed M. , Basturk Olca , Hui Pei , Sigel Carlie , Cai Guoping
Published: August 2022

Background

Intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB) is a rare premalignant neoplasm that can progress to invasive adenocarcinoma. In this retrospective study, cases of IPNB were reviewed to examine cytomorphologic and molecular features.

Methods

IPNB cytology cases with histopathologic confirmation were retrieved from the pathology archives. The cytomorphologic features such as cellularity, architecture, cell type, and cellular details were analyzed.

Results

The cohort included 13 cases (six brushings, six fine‐needle aspirations [FNA], and one combined brushing and FNA). The lesions involved common bile duct in nine cases (69%) and hepatic duct in four cases (31%). Original cytological diagnoses included adenocarcinoma (five, 38%), suspicious for adenocarcinoma (one, 8%), neoplasm (three, 23%), atypical (three, 23%), and reactive (one, 8%). The cytomorphologic features included moderate/high cellularity (12, 92%), papillary and/or complex papillary architecture (10, 77%), columnar cells (11, 85%), vacuolated cytoplasm (12, 92%), enlarged nuclei (13, 100%), and fine granular chromatin (12, 92%). Background mucin, necrosis and acute inflammation were seen in four (31%), four (31%), and two (15%) cases, respectively. KRAS testing was performed in nine cases with mutant KRAS found in five (56%).

Conclusions

Our study demonstrated that IPNB cytology specimens were relatively cellular with a wide spectrum of cytomorphology; however, most cases harbored adenocarcinoma or high‐grade dysplasia. The characteristic cytomorphologic features included papillary/complex papillary clusters of columnar cells with vacuolated cytoplasm, enlarged nuclei, and fine granular chromatin in relatively cellular specimens. KRAS mutations identified may have potential diagnostic and therapeutic implications.
A decentralized and reliable trust measurement for edge computing enabled Internet of Things
Authors: Zhang Shiqiang , Cao Dongzhi , Ning Zhenhu
Published: August 2022

The combination of edge computing (EC) and the Internet of Things is a hot research topic. And security is one of the most important problems to be solved. The trust measurement of devices is an effective way to solve the security problem, and the lack of a unified trust measurement model makes the untrusted devices destroy the quality of service. Establishing a reliable trust relationship between devices can effectively improve the security of the system. A decentralized trust measurement model for devices is proposed. First, a decentralized trust measurement framework is proposed, which combines EC with blockchain technology to establish a decentralized hierarchical structure; second, the credibility of devices is measured from multilevel and multi‐attribute; finally, a feedback trust filtering mechanism is designed to filter reliable feedback information, and then the trust between devices and the comprehensive trust of devices are calculated. Experiments and analysis show that the proposed decentralized trust measurement model can effectively measure the trust degree of devices and resist various malicious feedback attacks.
Performance evaluation of machine learning models for distributed denial of service attack detection using improved feature selection and hyper‐parameter optimization techniques
Authors: Habib Beenish , Khursheed Farida
Published: August 2022

This article gives the framework of extensive experimentation of various machine learning models to detect distributed denial of service attacks (DDoS). We use six‐tier feature ranking methods that use statistical techniques as well as machine learning based classifiers to obtain the significant features. The measurable statistical based feature selection involves Chi‐Square (Chi2), information gain (IG), merged Chi‐Square (Chi2)‐IG ranking and machine learning classifiers involve ensemble classifiers, that is, decision tree, random forest and eXtreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Different supervised machine learning models (logistic regression, decision tree classifier, linear support vector machine, k‐nearest neighbors, Gaussian Naive Bayes, random forest classifier, XGBoost) are trained on a feature‐engineered datasets. To further our research, we use neural networks (ANN and CNN) using both feature‐selected and auto‐feature selection training setup. We check the validation and adaptability of these models with the optimal tuning of various parameters using GridSearchCV and the effectiveness of random sampling in overcoming the class imbalance problem. Based on various feature selection methods, the models are evaluated for their best performance. The experimental results show that our trained machine learning models and neural networks outperformed the ones in the state of art. The performance analysis is done based on confusion matrix scores, that is, accuracy, false alarm rate, sensitivity, specificity, false‐positive rate, F1 score, area under curve analysis and loss functions on well‐known KDD Cup 99 and UNSW‐NB15 datasets. This study is significant for furthering the research in DDoS detection with machine learning and deep neural networks.
Corporate social responsibility and performance measurement systems inIran: A levers of control perspective
Authors: Asiaei Kaveh , O'Connor Neale G. , Moghaddam Majid , Bontis Nick , Sidhu Jasvinder
Published: August 2022

This study draws on Simons' levers of control model to explore how companies rely on the balanced use of diagnostic and interactive performance measurement systems (PMS) to translate corporate social responsibility (CSR) into superior performance. Data were collected based on a survey data set from 98 CFOs of public listed companies in Iran. The theoretical model was tested using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM, SmartPLS 3.0), which enjoys minimum demands concerning normality assumptions and sample size. The findings show that CSR is positively associated with PMS and organizational performance. Moreover, CSR is indirectly related to organizational performance through the mediating effect of PMS. This study extends the previous literature by simultaneously incorporating resource orchestration theory in the management accounting and CSR settings. The findings provide further insights into the issue of how adopting proper management control mechanisms (e.g., balanced use of PMS) can support organizations in orchestrating the social, environmental, and economic impacts more effectively.
Recycle and Reuse of Continuous Carbon Fibers from Thermoset Composites Using Joule Heating
Authors: Sarmah Anubhav , Sarikaya Sevketcan , Thiem Jonathan , Upama Shegufta T. , Khalfaoui Aida N. , Dasari Smita Shivraj , Arole Kailash , Hawkins Spencer A. , Naraghi Mohammad , Vashisth Aniruddh , Green Micah J.
Published: August 2022

This study demonstrates a new and sustainable methodology for recycling continuous carbon fibers from end‐of‐life thermoset composite parts using Joule heating. This process addresses the longstanding challenge of efficiently recovering carbon fibers from composite scrap and reusing them to make fresh composites. The conductive carbon fibers volumetrically heat up when an electric current is passed through them, which in turn rapidly heats up the surrounding matrix sufficiently to degrade it. Fibers can be easily separated from the degraded matrix after the direct current (DC) heating process. Fibers reclaimed using this method were characterized to determine their tensile properties and surface chemistry, and compared against both as‐received fibers and fibers recycled using conventional oven pyrolysis. The DC‐ and oven‐recycled fibers yielded similar elastic modulus when compared against as‐received fibers; however, an around 10–15 % drop was observed in the tensile strength of fibers recycled using either method. Surface characterization showed that DC‐recycled fibers and as‐received fibers had similar types of functional groups. To demonstrate the reusability of recycled fibers, composites were fabricated by impregnation with epoxy resin and curing. The mechanical properties of these recycled carbon fiber composites (rCFRCs) were compared against conventional recycling methods, and similar modulus and tensile strength values were obtained. This study establishes DC heating as a scalable out‐of‐oven approach for recycling carbon fibers.