bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Uso de antibióticos en un servicio de neonatología de un hospital de tercer nivel de atención
Authors: Velásquez Vásquez Carlos
Published: January 2024

Las infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud IAAS representan un desafío creciente en las Unidades de Neonatología, el hecho de atender a niños cada vez más inmaduros que son especialmente vulnerables a los gérmenes y el uso de procedimientos tecnológicos avanzados, complica la situación y obliga muchas veces al uso inadecuado de antimicrobianos agregando el riesgo de resistencia bacteriana. El estudio busca conocer los esquemas de antimicrobianos utilizados en el servicio de Neonatología de un hospital de tercer nivel de atención mediante un estudio de epidemiológico para observar la prevalencia e incidencia del uso de esquemas terapéuticos antimicrobianos en sus diferentes unidades. Se encontró que el 16.7% de los hospitalizados en UCIN recibían antibiótico, el 11.4% de los hospitalizados en intermedios y el 40% de Cirugía Pediátrica. La combinación de antibióticos más utilizado fue vancomicina con meropenem con un 30.8%.  En el estudio de incidencia el 28.6% de pacientes ingresantes al servicio recibieron antibióticos y la combinación más utilizada fue ampicilina con gentamicina con un 50%. Aunque los hallazgos muestran un porcentaje de uso de antibióticos adecuado con adherencia a la guía de manejo institucional es necesario continuar realizando estudios de seguimiento para optimizar su uso.
Encefalitis herpética tipo 1 en Pediatría: reporte de caso
Authors: Noriega Caceres Maria Jesus , Lazo Rivera Edwin
Published: January 2024

La Encefalitis Herpética es una enfermedad infecciosa severa del sistema nervioso central (SNC); y es causada casi exclusivamente por el Herpes virus simple tipo 1. La sospecha y el tratamiento precoz con Aciclovir mejora el pronóstico, de lo contrario se presenta una mortalidad de hasta 70% y los que sobreviven quedan con graves secuelas (1).

En niños mayores y adolescentes, y debido al compromiso del lóbulo temporal, la encefalitis puede presentarse con fiebre, síntomas psiquiátricos, labilidad emocional, trastorno del movimiento, ataxia, convulsiones, estupor, letargo, coma o cambios neurológicos localizados (p.ej. hemiparesia, defecto del nervio craneal).  En casos severos, puede ocurrir estado epiléptico, edema cerebral, síndrome de secreción inadecuada de hormona antidiurética (SIADH) y/o insuficiencia cardiorrespiratoria (2).

Las secuelas entre los sobrevivientes son significativas y dependen de la edad y del estado neurológico del paciente en el momento del diagnóstico (3).

El estándar de oro para establecer el diagnóstico es la detección del ADN del virus del herpes simple en el líquido cefalorraquídeo (LCR) mediante la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR), del líquido obtenido tras la punción lumbar (4).

A propósito, se presenta un caso de encefalitis herpética en un escolar; quién acude por presentación aguda de cefalea intensa, fiebre, vómitos, convulsiones y pérdida de conciencia; con confirmación de virus Herpes Simple en el Filmaray de LCR y porterior respuesta favorable a tratamiento antiviral y sobrevida, pero con lesión extensa de lóbulo temporal.
THE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF YEARLQ DYNAMICS OF COVID-19 MORBIDITY IN THE DISTRICTS OF BAKU CITY
Authors: Rustamova L.I. , Heydarova F.A. , Hajieva T.I. , Mammadov S.M. , Mammadova V.H. , Atakishiyeva N.M. , Mammadova J.S.
Published: January 2024

The article presents the results of an analytical epidemiological study of the incidence of COVID-19 among the population (including children and adults, men and women) of Baku and its regions for 2021. The purpose of the study is to conduct an epidemiological analysis of the annual dynamics of the incidence of COVID-19 in the districts of Baku. The material for the study was the absolute incidence of COVID-19, which were subject to analytical and statistical processing in the course of descriptive and analytical epidemiological studies. A comparative epidemiological analysis of the incidence of COVID-19 in the districts of Baku was carried out among the total population, including children and adults, as well as women and men, depending on age groups and the month of detection. Intensive per 1000 people (‰) and extensive (%) rates of incidence of COVID-19 were calculated among the specified populations. The results of an analytical epidemiological study made it possible to establish a risk group for the incidence of COVID-19 among the population of the districts of Baku. The risk group by age was the adult population, by gender women, among the children's population by age - 5-13 years. As a risk factor for the season, the autumnwinter seasonality of the incidence of COVID-19 was established. As a result of a prospective epidemiological analysis of the epidemiological situation for COVID-19, areas of high, medium and low risk were identified depending on the incidence of COVID-19 in Baku in 2021.
MODERN ASPECTS OF MINIMALLY INVASIVE ENDOSURGICAL TREATMENT METHODS IN THE TREATMENT OF GASTRIC AND DUODENAL ULCERS COMPLICATED BY BLEEDING
Authors: Gasimov N.A. , Gajiyeva A.E.
Published: January 2024

Minimally invasive endosurgical interventions in duodenal ulcer disease, complicated by bleeding, are accompanied by a decrease in the frequency and severity of postoperative complications and mortality (from 2.5% to 0%). The application of these methods leads to a reduction of the postoperative bed rest (from 19.7±5.9 to 12.5±4.7 days) and a significant reduction in the duration of the postoperative rehabilitation period (from 35.5±5.8 to 18.4+3.6 days) in comparison with traditional, "open" surgical methods. The performance of minimally invasive endosurgical operations leads to an adequate reduction of the aggressiveness of the acidpeptic factor, the restoration of the motor-evacuator function of the stomach in most patients, and is accompanied by a significant improvement in the immediate and longterm results of the treatment of patients with duodenal ulcer disease, complicated by bleeding.
Valuing the well-being of the mother, child and both while solving problems related to motherhood
Authors: Szymanik-Kostrzewska Anna Małgorzata , Michalska Paulina
Published: January 2024

Cel. Głównym celem badań było określenie, które grupy badanych będą wartościować dobro matki, dziecka i jednoczesne dobro obojga najwyżej oraz opisanie podobieństw i różnic w sposobach myślenia przy rozwiązywaniu problemów związanych z macierzyństwem
pomiędzy matkami oraz ojcami, ludźmi nie posiadającymi dzieci i seniorami obu płci. Materiały i metody. Wykorzystano autorskie narzędzie Kwestionariusz „Rady dla Matek”, zawierające sześć historii kobiet, dotyczących ich problemów życiowych. Uczestnicy badania
określali stopień, w jakim zgadzają się z każdym z rozwiązań – dwoma (na intersystemowym poziomie myślenia), w których priorytetem było dobro matki bądź dobro dziecka oraz trzecim (na metasystemowym poziomie myślenia), podkreślającym równoczesne dobro obojga. W badaniach wzięło udział 936 osób, w wieku od 18 do 96 lat. Wyniki i wnioski. Wszystkie grupy badanych preferowały najbardziej rozwiązania ukierunkowane na jednoczesne dobro matki i dziecka, jednakże podobieństwo myślenia matek i pozostałych osób zależało od typu rozwiązania. Największe podobieństwo w wartościowaniu równoczesnego dobra matki i dziecka odnotowano u matek i mężczyzn nie posiadających dzieci, różnicę – pomiędzy matkami i ojcami oraz seniorami. Jeśli chodzi o dobro dziecka, matki wartościowały je podobnie do ojców i mężczyzn nie posiadających dzieci, najmniej podobnie – do seniorów. Dobro matki było wartościowane w podobny sposób przez wszystkie grupy badanych, przy czym matki uzyskały najwyższe wyniki w tym zakresie, ojcowie – najniższe.
Genetic Relationships and Population Structure among Maize (Zea mays L.) Landraces as Revealed by Simple Sequence Repeat Markers
Authors: Singh S.K. , Deo Shipra , Chaudhary S.B. , Singh Kuldeep , Rana Mukesh K.
Published: January 2024

A set of 48 maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes, including landraces, some hybrids and inbreds, was characterized using 34 simple sequence repeat markers distributed throughout the genome. The 34 SSR primers produced bands in the range of 2 to 6 with an average of 3.2 bands per primer. The size range of these bands varied from 90 to 310 bp. Genetic similarity calculated using Jaccard’s coefficient varied from 0.122 to 0.750 with a mean of 0.475. Gene diversity or expected heterozygosity varied from 0.208 to 0.805, averaging 0.502. The average PIC was 0.433, with a range of 0.078 to 0.776. The range of resolving power was from 0.17 to 2.15 and marker index ranged from 0.16 to 4.83. Cluster analysis using the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean showed two major clusters with minor sub-clusters. The first three principal coordinates accounted for 26.7% of the total variation. Principal coordinates analysis and population structure aided in further elucidation of the genetic relationships as well as differentiation of genotypes. Analysis of variance revealed 81.7% within population variation and 18.3% between population variation. The analysis also led to the identification of specific and highly informative SSR markers, namely BNLG 1182, BNLG 1175, UMC 1353, BNLG 1159, BNLG 1272 and BNLG 1045, which significantly contributed to the differentiation of the material.
Agro-morphological Characterization and Digitization of Job’s Tears (Coix lacryma-jobi L.) Germplasm: A Minor Cereal Crop of Northeastern India
Authors: KM Laxmisha , Bhatt Kailash C. , Arya Mamta , Bhardwaj Rakesh , Semwal Dinesh P. , Gupta Veena
Published: January 2024

Thirty-seven Job’s tears accessions of India’s northeastern hill region (NEH) were characterized for nine quantitative and eight qualitative traits. Prominent furrow and elliptic shape of grain in soft-shelled types are supposed to be the most important trait that indicates the domestication trend of the crop in NEH region. Principal component analysis showed that agro-morphological traits, namely time for first heading, days to 80% maturity, seed yield/plant (g), number of culms, and length of culm (cm) have significantly contributed to the diversity. Correlation analysis has shown significant correlations between different yield-contributing traits. Diversity and potential traits in each cluster were also identified through cluster analysis. Grid mapping was done to identify the areas for collection of trait-specific germplasm like higher number of culms, length of culm and hundred seed weight. The germplasm accessions IC0332644, IC0416831 and IC0540173 were identified as promising genotypes
ONLİNE GAYRİMENKUL SATIŞINDA MÜŞTERİ DENEYİMİ: PAZARYERİ İNCELEMESİ
Authors: Hayal Mücahit Mustafa
Published: January 2024

Amaç: Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, online gayrimenkul satışında müşteri deneyiminin incelenmesidir. Yöntem: Araştırma nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modelinde oluşturulmuştur. Araştırmanın evrenini İstanbul ilinde yaşayan ve gayrimenkul pazaryerlerini kullanmış 18 yaş üstü bireyler, örneklemiyse evrende yer alan ve araştırmaya katılmaya gönüllü bireyler oluşturmuştur. Örneklem yöntemi olarak basit tesadüfi örnekleme metodu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmaya toplam 411 kişi katılmış, verilerin analizi SPSS 29 ve AMOS 29 programı aracılığıyla yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Araştırma sonucunda gayrimenkul pazaryerlerini kullanmış müşteri deneyimlerinin cinsiyete göre sitenin kullanım kolaylığı, gizlilik ve güvenilirlik alt boyutlarında anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmediği görülmüştür. Yaşa göre ise gizlilik alt boyunda 18-25 yaş grubundakilerin gizlilik konusunda daha yüksek ortalamaya sahip oldukları bulunmuştur. Mesleğe göre ise güvenilirlik alt boyutunda kamu kurum çalışanı ile serbest meslek arasında serbest meslek lehine anlamlı farklılık olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Eğitim duruma göre ise üniversite mezunlarının sitenin kullanım kolaylığı ile ilgili ortalamalarının yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Özgünlük: Hizmet sektörlerinden birisi olan gayrimenkul sektörü de bu gelişmelerden etkilenmiştir. Klasik pazarlama yöntemleriyle yürütülen gayrimenkul pazarlama faaliyetleri de yerini internetten gerçekleştirilen pazarlamaya bırakmaya başlamıştır. Elektronik Pazar yeri şeklinde adlandırılabilecek bu ortamlarda işletmelerin tüketicilerine sundukları hizmetlerin kalitesi tüketicilerin satın alma davranışlarını etkilediği düşünüldüğünde bu alanda çalışılması önem arz etmektedir.
TÜRKİYE’DEKİ İHTİSAS GÜMRÜK UYGULAMASINA TABİ ORMAN ÜRÜNLERİ EŞYASI ÜZERİNE ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: Soygüder Abdulkadir
Published: January 2024

Bu çalışmada; Türkiye’de uygulanmakta olan ihtisas gümrük uygulaması hakkında bilgi verilecek,
Türkiye’nin bu uygulamaya neden ihtiyaç hissettiğine değinilecek, ihtisas gümrükleri ve ihtisasa konu
eşyalar belirtilecektir. Bu uygulama hakkında literatürdeki farklı değerlendirmelere ve tavsiye
niteliğinde görüşlere de yer verilmiştir. Özellikle orman ürünleri ihtisas gümrüklerinin neler olduğu,
GTİP bazında ihtisasa konu eşyaların Türkiye’ye ithalat değerleri, orman ürünleri ihtisasa yetkili
gümrük idarelerinin son on yıllık ithalat değeri incelenmiştir. Tarım ve Orman Bakanlığı’nın 28786
sayılı Resmi Gazete’de yayımlanan Tebliği’nin Ek-2’sinde 48 adet gümrük idaresi sayılmıştır. Bu
gümrük idarelerinden verisine erişilebilen 46’sının son on yıllık ithalat verileri dolar bazında Türkiye
İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK)’ten çekilmiş ve düzenlenmiştir. Tebliğin Ek-2’sinde belirtilen ihtisasa konu
eşyaların GTİP kodları Uluslararası Ticaret Merkezi (Trademap) sistemi üzerinden sorgulanarak
Türkiye’nin ithalat değeri elde edilmiş ve tablo haline getirilmiştir. Elde edilen veriler (yıl bazında)
karşılaştırıldığında; orman ürünlerine ihtisas yetkisi verildiği gümrüklerin toplam ithalat miktarı,
Türkiye’nin toplam ithalatının %50 civarında paya sahip olduğu görülmüştür. İhtisasa tabi orman
ürünlerinin bu gümrüklerdeki toplam sahip olduğu pay (tüm zamanlarda) %1 değerine bile
ulaşamadığı sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu sonuca dayanarak orman ürünleri ihtisas gümrük uygulamasının
dış ticarette tarife dışı engel sayılamayacağı yorumu yapılabilir. Orman ürünlerinde ihtisas gümrük
uygulaması hakkında literatürde yeteri kadar çalışma olmadığı ve bu çalışmanın literatüre bir önemli
katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Estilos musicales en el umbral de la Independencia. Consideraciones a propósito del villancico El Juego del Hombre de Diego Llanos (Arequipa, 1824)
Authors: Vega Salvatierra Zoila
Published: January 2024

El villancico religioso tuvo a finales del siglo XVIII un notorio declive en su uso e importancia, y se ha documentado su progresiva desaparición en las catedrales del mundo hispano a partir de 1750. No obstante, su presencia en la liturgia no cesó abruptamente ni desapareció en todos los lugares por igual. Es posible encontrar villancicos compuestos en fechas tan tardías como el primer tercio del siglo XIX, y observar en estos una serie de elementos provenientes de usos y estilos diversos, tanto textuales como musicales, que se conservaron y mantuvieron vigentes en las capillas musicales y en el gusto de las audiencias, lo que daba al repertorio una sensación de estabilidad ante los cambios políticos y sociales que tuvieron lugar durante el proceso independentista. El presente estudio aborda el caso de un villancico de Diego Llanos, El Juego del Hombre, compuesto en la Navidad de 1824 probablemente para la catedral de Arequipa (Perú) —en el mismo mes y año en que se dio la batalla de Ayacucho—, como un ejemplo de pervivencia del género y de las diferentes corrientes estilísticas que estuvieron en boga en las capillas peruanas durante las guerras de independencia.
Recursos compositivos del Neoclasicismo en la obra para guitarra Sonata Omaggio a Boccherini del compositor Mario Castelnuovo–Tedesco
Authors: Galindo Bicerra Julio Daniel
Published: January 2024

La Sonata Omaggio a Boccherini es considerada una de las principales obras del repertorio contemporáneo de guitarra. Aunque la Sonata ha sido materia de algunos estudios en el ámbito académico, poco se ha dicho sobre la relación de esta obra con la tendencia del Neoclasicismo musical del siglo XX. En este artículo, se emplean la propuesta de “concepto estético del neoclasicismo” de la musicóloga Ruth Piquer–Sanclemente y la teoría del “anacronismo metamórfico” de la musicóloga Martha Hyde con la finalidad de determinar cuáles son los recursos compositivos del Neoclasicismo presentes en la Sonata Omaggio a Boccherini. Para contextualizar el estudio, se hace una aproximación al surgimiento e instalación del Neoclasicismo francés, y a cómo, en este proceso, emerge una reivindicación de la guitarra en España y Europa. Como parte central se procede al análisis musical de fragmentos específicos que establecen una relación con el pensamiento neoclásico; particularmente, se ahonda en el análisis del tercer movimiento Minuetto. En este estudio, se devela cuáles fueron los recursos compositivos del Neoclasicismo empleados en el proceso creativo de la obra; el reconocimiento de estos elementos permite explorar cómo Castelnuovo–Tedesco desarrolló recursos compositivos propios de la estética musical de su tiempo.
STRATEGI GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM DALAM ‎MEMBENTUK KARAKTER SPRITUAL SISWA
Authors: Hidayati Farida
Published: January 2024

This article discusses various strategies used by Islamic Religious Education teachers in achieving this goal, such as using interactive and contextual teaching methods, linking religious teachings to the daily lives of female students, setting a good example, holding religious activities and spiritual development, and integrating religious learning with other subjects. This research uses qualitative methods with literature review. The results of this study provide insight into the important role of Islamic Religious Education teachers in shaping the spiritual character of female students. The strategies disclosed in this article can serve as a reference and guide for Islamic Religious Education teachers to strengthen the spiritual dimension of female students, so that they can become individuals who have strong faith, good behavior, and a responsible attitude in their daily lives. day.
The gene expression landscape of the human locus coeruleus revealed by single-nucleus and spatially-resolved transcriptomics
Authors: Weber Lukas M , Divecha Heena R , Tran Matthew N , Kwon Sang Ho , Spangler Abby , Montgomery Kelsey D , Tippani Madhavi , Bharadwaj Rahul , Kleinman Joel E , Page Stephanie C , Hyde Thomas M , Collado-Torres Leonardo , Maynard Kristen R , Martinowich Keri , Hicks Stephanie C
Published: January 2024

Norepinephrine (NE) neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) make long-range projections throughout the central nervous system, playing critical roles in arousal and mood, as well as various components of cognition including attention, learning, and memory. The LC-NE system is also implicated in multiple neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Importantly, LC-NE neurons are highly sensitive to degeneration in both Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Despite the clinical importance of the brain region and the prominent role of LC-NE neurons in a variety of brain and behavioral functions, a detailed molecular characterization of the LC is lacking. Here, we used a combination of spatially-resolved transcriptomics and single-nucleus RNA-sequencing to characterize the molecular landscape of the LC region and the transcriptomic profile of LC-NE neurons in the human brain. We provide a freely accessible resource of these data in web-accessible and downloadable formats.
Measures of genetic diversification in somatic tissues at bulk and single-cell resolution
Authors: Moeller Marius E , Mon Père Nathaniel V , Werner Benjamin , Huang Weini
Published: January 2024

Intra-tissue genetic heterogeneity is universal to both healthy and cancerous tissues. It emerges from the stochastic accumulation of somatic mutations throughout development and homeostasis. By combining population genetics theory and genomic information, genetic heterogeneity can be exploited to infer tissue organization and dynamics in vivo. However, many basic quantities, for example the dynamics of tissue-specific stem cells remain difficult to quantify precisely. Here, we show that single-cell and bulk sequencing data inform on different aspects of the underlying stochastic processes. Bulk-derived variant allele frequency spectra (VAF) show transitions from growing to constant stem cell populations with age in samples of healthy esophagus epithelium. Single-cell mutational burden distributions allow a sample size independent measure of mutation and proliferation rates. Mutation rates in adult hematopietic stem cells are higher compared to inferences during development, suggesting additional proliferation-independent effects. Furthermore, single-cell derived VAF spectra contain information on the number of tissue-specific stem cells. In hematopiesis, we find approximately 2 × 105 HSCs, if all stem cells divide symmetrically. However, the single-cell mutational burden distribution is over-dispersed compared to a model of Poisson distributed random mutations. A time-associated model of mutation accumulation with a constant rate alone cannot generate such a pattern. At least one additional source of stochasticity would be needed. Possible candidates for these processes may be occasional bursts of stem cell divisions, potentially in response to injury, or non-constant mutation rates either through environmental exposures or cell-intrinsic variation.
Taste shaped the use of botanical drugs
Authors: Leonti Marco , Baker Joanna , Staub Peter , Casu Laura , Hawkins Julie
Published: January 2024

The perception of taste and flavour (a combination of taste, smell, and chemesthesis), here also referred to as chemosensation, enables animals to find high-value foods and avoid toxins. Humans have learned to use unpalatable and toxic substances as medicines, yet the importance of chemosensation in this process is poorly understood. Here, we generate tasting-panel data for botanical drugs and apply phylogenetic generalised linear mixed models to test whether intensity and complexity of chemosensory qualities as well as particular tastes and flavours can predict ancient Graeco-Roman drug use. We found chemosensation to be strongly predictive of therapeutic use: botanical drugs with high therapeutic versatility have simple yet intense tastes and flavours, and 21 of 22 chemosensory qualities predicted at least one therapeutic use. In addition to the common notion of bitter tasting medicines, we also found starchy, musky, sweet, and soapy drugs associated with versatility. In ancient Greece and Rome, illness was thought to arise from imbalance in bodily fluids or humours, yet our study suggests that uses of drugs were based on observed physiological effects that are often consistent with modern understanding of chemesthesis and taste receptor pharmacology.
Heparan sulfate promotes TRAIL-induced tumor cell apoptosis
Authors: Luo Yin , Hao Huanmeng , Wang Zhangjie , Ong Chih Yean , Dutcher Robert , Xu Yongmei , Liu Jian , Pedersen Lars C , Xu Ding
Published: January 2024

TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a potent inducer of tumor cell apoptosis through TRAIL receptors. While it has been previously pursued as a potential anti-tumor therapy, the enthusiasm subsided due to unsuccessful clinical trials and the fact that many tumors are resistant to TRAIL. In this report, we identified heparan sulfate (HS) as an important regulator of TRAIL-induced apoptosis. TRAIL binds HS with high affinity (KD = 73 nM) and HS induces TRAIL to form higher-order oligomers. The HS-binding site of TRAIL is located at the N-terminus of soluble TRAIL, which includes three basic residues. Binding to cell surface HS plays an essential role in promoting the apoptotic activity of TRAIL in both breast cancer and myeloma cells, and this promoting effect can be blocked by heparin, which is commonly administered to cancer patients. We also quantified HS content in several lines of myeloma cells and found that the cell line showing the most resistance to TRAIL has the least expression of HS, which suggests that HS expression in tumor cells could play a role in regulating sensitivity towards TRAIL. We also discovered that death receptor 5 (DR5), TRAIL, and HS can form a ternary complex and that cell surface HS plays an active role in promoting TRAIL-induced cellular internalization of DR5. Combined, our study suggests that TRAIL-HS interactions could play multiple roles in regulating the apoptotic potency of TRAIL and might be an important point of consideration when designing future TRAIL-based anti-tumor therapy.
Different coexistence patterns between apex carnivores and mesocarnivores based on temporal, spatial, and dietary niche partitioning analysis in Qilian Mountain National Park, China
Authors: Cong Wei , Li Jia , Hacker Charlotte , Li Ye , Zhang Yu , Jin Lixiao , Zhang Yi , Li Diqiang , Xue Yadong , Zhang Yuguang
Published: January 2024

Carnivores play key roles in maintaining ecosystem structure and function as well as ecological processes. Understanding how sympatric species coexist in natural ecosystems is a central research topic in community ecology and biodiversity conservation. In this study, we explored intra- and interspecific niche partitioning along spatial, temporal, and dietary niche partitioning between apex carnivores (wolf Canis lupus, snow leopard Panthera uncia, Eurasian lynx Lynx lynx) and mesocarnivores (Pallas’s cat Otocolobus manul, red fox Vulpes vulpes, Tibetan fox Vulpes ferrilata) in Qilian Mountain National Park, China, using camera trapping data and DNA metabarcoding sequencing data. Our study showed that apex carnivore species had more overlap temporally (coefficients of interspecific overlap ranging from 0.661 to 0.900) or trophically (Pianka’s index ranging from 0.458 to 0.892), mesocarnivore species had high dietary overlap with each other (Pianka’s index ranging from 0.945 to 0.997), and apex carnivore and mesocarnivore species had high temporal overlap (coefficients of interspecific overlap ranging from 0.497 to 0.855). Large dietary overlap was observed between wolf and snow leopard (Pianka’s index = 0.892) and Pallas’s cat and Tibetan fox (Pianka’s index = 0.997), suggesting the potential for increased resource competition for these species pairs. We concluded that spatial niche partitioning is likely to key driver in facilitating the coexistence of apex carnivore species, while spatial and temporal niche partitioning likely facilitate the coexistence of mesocarnivore species, and spatial and dietary niche partitioning facilitate the coexistence between apex and mesocarnivore species. Our findings consider partitioning across temporal, spatial, and dietary dimensions while examining diverse coexistence patterns of carnivore species in Qilian Mountain National Park, China. These findings will contribute substantially to current understanding of carnivore guilds and effective conservation management in fragile alpine ecosystems.
Yeast eIF2A has a minimal role in translation initiation and uORF-mediated translational control in vivo
Authors: Gaikwad Swati , Ghobakhlou Fardin , Zhang Hongen , Hinnebusch Alan G
Published: January 2024

Initiating translation of most eukaryotic mRNAs depends on recruitment of methionyl initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) in a ternary complex (TC) with GTP-bound eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2) to the small (40S) ribosomal subunit, forming a 43S preinitiation complex (PIC) that attaches to the mRNA and scans the 5′-untranslated region (5′ UTR) for an AUG start codon. Previous studies have implicated mammalian eIF2A in GTP-independent binding of Met-tRNAi to the 40S subunit and its recruitment to specialized mRNAs that do not require scanning, and in initiation at non-AUG start codons, when eIF2 function is attenuated by phosphorylation of its α-subunit during stress. The role of eIF2A in translation in vivo is poorly understood however, and it was unknown whether the conserved ortholog in budding yeast can functionally substitute for eIF2. We performed ribosome profiling of a yeast deletion mutant lacking eIF2A and isogenic wild-type (WT) cells in the presence or absence of eIF2α phosphorylation induced by starvation for amino acids isoleucine and valine. Whereas starvation of WT confers changes in translational efficiencies (TEs) of hundreds of mRNAs, the eIF2AΔ mutation conferred no significant TE reductions for any mRNAs in non-starved cells, and it reduced the TEs of only a small number of transcripts in starved cells containing phosphorylated eIF2α. We found no evidence that eliminating eIF2A altered the translation of mRNAs containing putative internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements, or harboring uORFs initiated by AUG or near-cognate start codons, in non-starved or starved cells. Thus, very few mRNAs (possibly only one) appear to employ eIF2A for Met-tRNAi recruitment in yeast cells, even when eIF2 function is attenuated by stress.
Sperm induction of somatic cell-cell fusion as a novel functional test
Authors: Brukman Nicolas G , Valansi Clari , Podbilewicz Benjamin
Published: January 2024

The fusion of mammalian gametes requires the interaction between IZUMO1 on the sperm and JUNO on the oocyte. We have recently shown that ectopic expression of mouse IZUMO1 induces cell-cell fusion and that sperm can fuse to fibroblasts expressing JUNO. Here, we found that the incubation of mouse sperm with hamster fibroblasts or human epithelial cells in culture induces the fusion between these somatic cells and the formation of syncytia, a pattern previously observed with some animal viruses. This sperm-induced cell-cell fusion requires a species-matching JUNO on both fusing cells, can be blocked by an antibody against IZUMO1, and does not rely on the synthesis of new proteins. The fusion is dependent on the sperm’s fusogenic capacity, making this a reliable, fast, and simple method for predicting sperm function during the diagnosis of male infertility.
Design of intelligent financial data management system based on higher-order hybrid clustering algorithm
Authors: Huang Ling , Lu Haitao
Published: January 2024

Amid the ever-expanding landscape of financial data, the importance of predicting potential risks through artificial intelligence methodologies has steadily risen. To achieve prudent financial data management, this manuscript delves into the domain of intelligent financial risk forecasting within the scope of system design. It presents a data model based on the variational encoder (VAE) enhanced with an attention mechanism meticulously tailored for forecasting a company’s financial peril. The framework called the ATT-VAE embarks on its journey by encoding and enhancing multidimensional data through VAE. It then employs the attention mechanism to enrich the outputs of the VAE network, thereby demonstrating the apex of the model’s clustering capabilities. In the experimentation, we implemented the model to a battery of training tests using diverse public datasets with multimodal features like AWA and CUB and verified with the local finance dataset. The results conspicuously highlight the model’s commendable performance in comparison to publicly available datasets, surpassing numerous deep clustering networks at this juncture. In the realm of financial data, the ATT-VAE model, as presented within this treatise, achieves a clustering accuracy index exceeding 0.7, a feat demonstrably superior to its counterparts in the realm of deep clustering networks. The method outlined herein provides algorithmic foundations and serves as a pivotal reference for the prospective domain of intelligent financial data governance and scrutiny.
The Influence of Principals’ Management Strategies on Students’ Academic Achievements in Public Secondary Schools in Lungalunga Sub – County in Kwale County, Kenya
Authors: Muinde Ezekiel Kasomo
Published: January 2024

This study determined the influence of principals’ management strategies on students’ academic achievements in public secondary schools in Lungalunga sub – county in Kwale County, Kenya. The objective of the study was to determine principals’ management strategies of instructional supervision on students’ academic achievements. The study was guided by management theory. Since the study involved gathering of quantitative and qualitative data, it adopted mixed method approach. The study employed a descriptive survey research design. 20 school deputy principals, 20 BOM chairpersons, 20 parent association chairpersons and 546 secondary school teachers were study’s target population. The researcher sampled 182 respondents using simple random technique, that is, 6 school deputy principals, 6 BOM chairpersons, 6 parent association chairpersons and 164 secondary school teachers’. Data was gathered using questionnaires and interviews. Validity of the instrument was established through piloting of the instruments in Lungalunga sub-county in two secondary schools which were part of the general population although not considered in the sample. The researcher established the reliability of the instrument by using of test-retest method. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics with help of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS 22) software. Results were presented in form of frequency and percentages from which inferences and conclusions were drawn. The findings of the study revealed a critical concerns regarding principal's supervision practices was realized with the biggest percentage of respondents expressing huge dissatisfaction. The study concluded that there was a pressing need for comprehensive reforms in instructional supervision to bridge the existing gaps and enhance students’ academic achievements. By aligning management strategies with the study’s objective, schools can create a conducive atmosphere where students thrive, educators excel, and stakeholders actively contribute to the educational journey, ultimately enhancing the overall quality of education in the region.
Survey of Melon Fruit Fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae (Coquillett) Infestation on Cucurbits in Dharwad and Haveri Districts of Karnataka, India
Authors: Sumanth M  , Veeranna R , Pandit  , Hegde M G , Yadahalli K. B. , Shreya N.
Published: January 2024

The roving survey was undertaken in and around Dharwad and Haveri districts, covering major cucurbits growing areas, during August and October, 2019 to assess the present status of melon fruit fly, Zeugodacus cucurbitae infestation on different cucurbits in farmer fields.  It revealed that higher mean per cent infestation was recorded on bitter gourd (37.59 %) crop followed by ridge gourd (32.67 %), cucumber (28.84 %), and bottle gourd (20.48 %) during August in Dharwad district as compared to Haveri district. Further, in the month of October, the same trend was followed among the following cucurbits. Where, bitter gourd recorded the highest per cent infestation of at 35.30 per cent followed by ridge gourd (30.05 %), cucumber (27.02 %) and bottle gourd (18.65 %) in Dharwad as compared to Haveri district. Thus, results showed that higher melon fruit fly infestation was noticed in August over October in Dharwad as compared to Haveri district.
Fresh Seminal Characteristics of Marwari Stallions in Breeding Season
Authors: Yadav Vishal , Talluri Thirumala Rao , Dholpuria Sandeep , Joshi Abhishek , Kumar Pramod , Kumar Amit
Published: January 2024

Preserving the sperm of stallions with significant genetic worth is a widely accepted procedure. Thus, the species' typical reproductive behaviour is altered to facilitate the retrieval of sperm for the use of assisted reproductive biotechnologies, like artificial insemination and cryopreservation of sperm. As the Marwari horse breed is a native breed of our country, the present experiment was designed to define the basic semen parameters of Marwari stallions. The experiment was conducted on six healthy Marwari horses aged between 50 and 140 months for three weeks with a semen collection frequency of twice a week. A total of thirty-six semen samples (six from each horse) were collected using an artificial vagina. Following a macroscopic examination, fresh semen samples underwent a microscopic evaluation. The appearance of fresh semen was milky white or creamy white and the consistency was thin to thick. Fresh seminal pH was 7.54±0.03.   Total ejaculated semen volume, gel volume and gel-free semen volume were 67.22±5.77 ml, 14.08±1.98 ml and 53.14±4.16 ml, respectively. Progressive sperm motility of sperm was 78.99±0.65%. Sperm concentration was 195.50±5.67 million/ml. Viability and total morphological abnormalities of sperm were 85.82±0.48% and 4.42±0.23%, respectively. Plasma membrane integrity (HOST), acrosome integrity and DNA integrity of sperm were 53.65±0.85%, 87.36±0.36% and 95.83±0.24%, respectively. A significant difference was observed among Marwari stallions for semen volume (total ejaculated, gel and gel-free) (P<0.05), progressive   motility (P<0.05), viability (P<0.05), concentration (P<0.05), plasma membrane integrity (HOST) (P<0.05), acrosome integrity (P<0.05), and DNA integrity (P<0.05) of sperm. Non-significant difference was observed for seminal pH (P>0.05) and total sperm morphological abnormalities (P>0.05).
Compression into two‐component PLS factorizations
Authors: Ergon Rolf
Published: August 2003

Partial least squares regression (PLSR) often requires more than two components also in the case of a scalar response variable. As shown in papers on orthogonal signal correction (OSC), it is possible to reduce the number of components, resulting in easier data interpretation. In this paper it is shown how all scalar response PLSR models can be reduced to two‐component models with the same structure and giving exactly the same estimator as the original model using many components. This is done by use of a direct and very simple algorithm based on a two‐dimensional subspace in the loading weight space. The resulting model may be transformed into different realizations for different purposes, e.g. latent variable profile estimation, process monitoring, fault detection, etc., as discussed in the paper. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CONFLICTALK: An instrument for measuring youth and adolescent conflict management message styles
Authors: Kimsey William D. , Fuller Rex M.
Published: September 2003

An instrument for assessing youth and adolescent conflict management message styles is presented. The CONFLICTALK instrument is intended as a tool for
training in school‐based peer mediator–conflict manager programs. Data collected from elementary, middle, and high school grades indicate
that the scales used in CONFLICTALK measure typical responses to interpersonal and group conflict. Construct validity, using factor analysis, suggests
that CONFLICTALK discriminates three conflict styles: (1) adversarial, (2) collaborative, and (3) avoidance across
elementary and middle school levels. Conflict message wording for high school students appears less reliable.
Building the container: Curriculum infusion and classroom climate
Authors: Jones Tricia S. , Sanford Rebecca
Published: September 2003

This research investigates the impact of conflict resolution education infused into language arts, math, and science curricula on middle school
students' perceptions of classroom climate. The pretest, posttest field experiment compared master teachers, novice teachers, and control
classes over a yearlong period of intervention. Results give strong evidence for the positive impact of infused conflict education.
Early recognition of newborn goat kids by their mother: I. Nonolfactory discrimination
Authors: Poindron Pascal , Gilling Gabriella , Hernandez Horacio , Serafin Norma , Terrazas Angélica
Published: August 2003

Mother sheep and goats develop an early bond with their neonate on the basis of olfactory recognition. We investigated whether goats were also able to show early (<24 hr postpartum) nonolfactory discrimination of their kids, as already reported in sheep. In a first experiment, we found that goats are not able to recognize their kid at 1 m away on the basis of olfactory cues alone. By contrast, they showed a significant preference for their own kid in a two‐choice test as early as 4 hr postpartum, and prepartum maternal anosmia did not impede the ability of mothers to show discrimination. We conclude that goats, like sheep, are fully able to discriminate their neonate without the help of olfactory cues very early after parturition. The difference in the early spatial mother–young relationship between the two species due to the different behavior of the young (kids = hiders, lambs = followers), is not associated with marked differences in the dynamics or mechanisms controlling the development of recognition of the neonate by its mother. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 82–89, 2003.
Modification of bitter taste in children
Authors: Mennella Julie A. , Pepino M. Yanina , Beauchamp Gary K.
Published: August 2003

The palatability of oral medications, many of which are quite bitter, plays an important role in achieving compliance in pediatric patients. We tested the hypothesis that the addition of a sodium salt to some, but not all, bitter tasting liquids enhances acceptance and reduces the perceived bitterness in 7‐ to 10‐year‐old children and their mothers. For both children and adults, sodium gluconate significantly suppressed the perceived bitterness and enhanced the acceptance of urea and caffeine whereas the reverse was true for another bitter stimulus, Tetralone. Because children preferred salted solutions more than did adults, these data suggest that the use of sodium salts may be an especially effective strategy for reducing the bitterness of some medicines and facilitating compliance among pediatric populations. However, based on sodium's differential ability to inhibit bitterness, as has been shown here with children and adults, clearly each drug of interest must be evaluated separately. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Psychobiol 43: 120–127, 2003.
On SETAR non‐linearity and forecasting
Authors: Clements Michael P. , Franses Philip Hans , Smith Jeremy , van Dijk Dick
Published: August 2003

We compare linear autoregressive (AR) models and self‐exciting threshold autoregressive (SETAR) models in terms of their point forecast performance, and their ability to characterize the uncertainty surrounding those forecasts, i.e. interval or density forecasts. A two‐regime SETAR process is used as the data‐generating process in an extensive set of Monte Carlo simulations, and we consider the discriminatory power of recently developed methods of forecast evaluation for different degrees of non‐linearity. We find that the interval and density evaluation methods are unlikely to show the linear model to be deficient on samples of the size typical for macroeconomic data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Human and climatic impact on late Quaternary deposition in the Sparta Basin Piedmont: Evidence from alluvial fan systems
Authors: Pope Richard J. J. , Wilkinson Keith N. , Millington Andrew C.
Published: September 2003

The evolution of four alluvial fans in the Evrotas Valley, southern Greece, was examined using a combination of geomorphological and sedimentological techniques. Source material for the fans is derived largely from the Taygetos Mountains, and thus the fan deposits provide proxy evidence for erosion of upland landscapes. Stratigraphic sequences exposed in the fanhead trenches suggest a progressive change in depositional style down‐fan. Within the St. Johns, North Anogia, and North Xilocambi fans, debris flow deposits are gradually replaced by gravel‐dominated hyperconcentrated flow deposits and then fine‐grained hyperconcentrated flow deposits. Within the Kalivia Sokas fan, gravel‐dominated hyperconcentrated flow deposits give way to fine‐grained hyperconcentrated flow deposits, and finally to fluvial gravels. Mineral magnetic studies combined with thermoluminescence dating suggest that sedimentation also occurred over a similar time scale. Deposition cycles during the late Pleistocene appear to be climatically driven, with proximal and medial fan segments developing during stadial phases of the Riss/Würm and Würm, respectively. Distal segments aggraded during the Holocene. During interstadial episodes of the late Pleistocene, fan entrenchment occurred. Holocene accretion is likely to be related to human activity and appears to be concentrated in the early/middle Helladic and the Hellenistic periods, when population levels, indicated by increased numbers of archaeological sites, were rising. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
IL‐18 is produced by prostate cancer cells and secreted in response to interferons
Authors: Lebel‐Binay Sophie , Thiounn Nicolas , De Pinieux Gonzague , Vieillefond Annick , Debré Bernard , Bonnefoy Jean‐Yves , Fridman Wolf‐Herman , Pagès Franck
Published: August 2003

Murine models have shown that IL‐18 has antiangiogenic and antitumor effects, but little is known about IL‐18 production in human tumors. We investigated IL‐18 expression in clinically localized prostate cancers by immunohistochemistry and showed that 75% of the prostate cancers studied (27/36 cases) presented with tumor cells producing IL‐18. Prostate tumor cell lines PC‐3, DU 145 and LNCaP synthesized the immature form of IL‐18 (p24). IFN‐γ produced in prostate cancers induced caspase‐1 mRNA and IL‐18 secretion of tumor cell lines, which was inhibited by the cell‐permeable Tyr‐Val‐Ala‐Asp‐aldehyde caspase‐1 inhibitor (YVAD‐CHO). Interestingly, IFN‐α also induced IL‐18 secretion of the poorly differentiated cell line PC‐3. PC‐3 and DU 145, but not the well‐differentiated cell line LNCaP, expressed IL‐18Rα (IL‐1Rrp) protein and transcripts for IL‐18Rβ (AcPL). Exogenous IL‐18 increased mitochondrial activity of both cell lines evaluated by the tetrazolium (MTT) assay but did not influence their proliferation. This indicated that prostate tumor cells could secrete IL‐18 in response to IFN‐γ in the tumor microenvironment and that IL‐18 could act as a autocrine/paracrine factor for the tumor. In the cohort of patients studied, IL‐18 expression in prostate cancers (with up to 10% of tumor cells stained) was associated with a favorable outcome and equally predictive as pathologic stage on multivariate analysis (log rank test, p = 0.02). Tumor IL‐18 production is a novel physiopathologic feature of prostate cancer and appears to be a favorable event in the course of the disease. Modulation of IL‐18 production by interferons could have a beneficial clinical effect, which deserves further investigation. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Prevalence and anatomical distribution of naevi in young Queensland children
Authors: Whiteman David C. , Brown Robyn M. , Purdie David M. , Hughes Maria‐Celia
Published: August 2003

Sunlight is the principal environmental cause of melanoma and has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of melanocytic naevi. Epidemiological evidence indicates that childhood is a period during which melanocytes are susceptible to the effects of sunlight, yet little is known about the development of naevi in infancy. We conducted a survey of child‐care centres to document the prevalence and anatomical distribution of melanocytic naevi among 193 young children aged 1–3 years in Brisbane, Australia (latitude 27°S). Naevi were counted on all skin surfaces except for the scalp, buttocks and genitalia. Overall, almost 90% of children in the study sample had at least 1 naevus of any size, and more than 30% of children had 10 or more naevi. Total naevus counts ranged from 0 to 45 and were strongly determined by age. When taken together, naevus densities were highest on exposed body sites such as the face and limbs; however the density of large naevi (≥ 5 mm) was significantly higher on the trunk than on the face, neck and ears. These data support the concept that melanocytic neoplasia commences early in life and that naevus evolution is influenced by the anatomical site of the target cell. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.