bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How to be a great dad: parental care in a flock of greater flamingo (Phoenicopterus roseus)
Authors: Sandri Camillo , Vallarin Vittoria , Sammarini Carolina , Regaiolli Barbara , Piccirillo Alessandra , Spiezio Caterina
Published: May 2017

In the last years, studies on captive greater flamingos have increased. Research on zoo animals is important to improve the knowledge on these species and to improve theirex-situandin-situconservation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the parental behaviour of a captive colony of greater flamingo hosted at Parco Natura Viva, an Italian zoological garden, to improve the knowledge on this species in zoos. In particular, the present study investigated and compared the parental care of females and males in 35 breeding pairs of greater flamingos. For each pair, we collected durations of parental care behaviour of both females and males, recording their position in relation to the nest (near the nest, on the nest, away from the nest) and individual and social behaviours performed. First, both partners were involved in parental care and displayed species-specific behaviours reported in the wild. The main results were that males spent more time than females on the nest (P= 0.010) and near it (P= 0.0001) and were more aggressive toward other flamingos than females, both when sitting on the nest (P= 0.003) and when near the nest (P= 0.0003). Therefore, male flamingos seem to be more involved in incubation duties and nest protection than females. This kind of research is important not only to expand the knowledge on bird species such as flamingos, but also to improve their husbandry and breeding in controlled environment. Indeed, understanding animal behaviour allows us to gain insights into their individual and social needs, addressing potential animal welfare issues.
MitoSuite: a graphical tool for human mitochondrial genome profiling in massive parallel sequencing
Authors: Ishiya Koji , Ueda Shintaroh
Published: May 2017

Recent rapid advances in high-throughput, next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies have promoted mitochondrial genome studies in the fields of human evolution, medical genetics, and forensic casework. However, scientists unfamiliar with computer programming often find it difficult to handle the massive volumes of data that are generated by NGS. To address this limitation, we developed MitoSuite, a user-friendly graphical tool for analysis of data from high-throughput sequencing of the human mitochondrial genome. MitoSuite generates a visual report on NGS data with simple mouse operations. Moreover, it analyzes high-coverage sequencing data but runs on a stand-alone computer, without the need for file upload. Therefore, MitoSuite offers outstanding usability for handling massive NGS data, and is ideal for evolutionary, clinical, and forensic studies on the human mitochondrial genome variations. It is freely available for download from the website https://mitosuite.com.
25 Años de Psykhe: Un Análisis Bibliométrico
Authors:   Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile, Salas Gonzalo , Ponce Fernando P. ,   Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Méndez-Bustos Pablo ,   Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile, Vega-Arce Maribel ,   Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile, Pérez María de los Ángeles ,   Universidad Católica del Maule, Chile, López-López Wilson ,   Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Colombia, Cárcamo-Vásquez Héctor ,   Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chile
Published: May 2017

El objetivo del presente estudio fue realizar un análisis bibliométrico de Psykhe (1992-2016), considerando algunos elementos históricos que contextualizan su trayectoria, para describir sus principales características y evaluar su evolución cronológica. Para ello se construyó una base de datos con la totalidad de publicaciones de la revista (25 volúmenes y 48 números), con una muestra total de 531 artículos científicos. Se aplicaron indicadores bibliométricos, tales como los índices de productividad (Lotka), de colaboración (Subramanyam y Lawani), de temáticas y metodologías utilizadas, así como indicadores de impacto que permiten realizar comparaciones con otras revistas de referencia en la región. Los resultados evidencian que la primera autoría de los artículos correspondió a una mayor proporción de mujeres. Se vislumbra una clara tendencia al alza del número de artículos a mediados de los años 2000, el área temática con mayor número de artículos es psicología educacional y los índices de colaboración han mejorado sustancialmente hacia la actualidad. El análisis permite visualizar algunas de las fortalezas y desafíos de Psykhe. Sería interesante en futuros estudios realizar comparaciones con otras revistas de similares características.
As políticas de estímulo ao empreendedorismo cultural no Brasil: o SEBRAE como um agente estatal de mercado.
Authors: Alves Elder Patrick
Published: May 2017

O Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas (SEBRAE) tem executado uma série de ações de estímulo ao empreendedorismo cultural. O SEBRAE é uma entidade privada sem fins lucrativos e de interesse público, com fortes vínculos jurídicos, financeiros e políticos junto ao Estado brasileiro. A atuação do SEBRAE no âmbito do empreendedorismo cultural o torna um agente estatal de mercado (AEM) bastante específico, cuja atuação o caracteriza como um agente das novas políticas culturais no Brasil, as políticas econômico-culturais. Por meio das suas modalidades de atuação, o SEBRAE corrobora diretamente para o processo de incorporação das disposições práticas que orientam a formulação de novos modelos de negócios e de novas racionalidades empresariais por parte das micro e pequenas empresas culturais.
Radar sounding of Lucus Planum, Mars, by MARSIS
Authors: Orosei Roberto , Rossi Angelo Pio , Cantini Federico , Caprarelli Graziella , Carter Lynn M. , Papiano Irene , Cartacci Marco , Cicchetti Andrea , Noschese Raffaella
Published: May 2017

Lucus Planum, extending for a radius of approximately 500 km around 181°E, 5°S, is part of the Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF), a set of several discontinuous deposits of fine‐grained, friable material straddling across the Martian highland‐lowland boundary. The MFF has been variously hypothesized to consist of pyroclastic flows, pyroclastic airfall, paleopolar deposits, or atmospherically deposited icy dust driven by climate cycles. Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS), a low‐frequency subsurface‐sounding radar carried by European Space Agency's Mars Express, acquired 238 radar swaths across Lucus Planum, providing sufficient coverage for the study of its internal structure and dielectric properties. Subsurface reflections were found only in three areas, marked by a distinctive surface morphology, while the central part of Lucus Planum appears to be made of radar‐attenuating material preventing the detection of basal echoes. The bulk dielectric properties of these areas were estimated and compared with those of volcanic rocks and ice‐dust mixtures. Previous interpretations that east Lucus Planum and the deposits on the northwestern flanks of Apollinaris Patera consist of high‐porosity pyroclastic material are strongly supported by the new results. The northwestern part of Lucus Planum is likely to be much less porous, although interpretations about the nature of the subsurface materials are not conclusive. The exact origin of the deposits cannot be constrained by radar data alone, but our results for east Lucus Planum are consistent with an overall pyroclastic origin, likely linked to Tharsis Hesperian and Amazonian activity.
Tundra is a consistent source of CO2 at a site with progressive permafrost thaw during 6 years of chamber and eddy covariance measurements
Authors: Celis Gerardo , Mauritz Marguerite , Bracho Rosvel , Salmon Verity G. , Webb Elizabeth E. , Hutchings Jack , Natali Susan M. , Schädel Christina , Crummer Kathryn G. , Schuur Edward A. G.
Published: May 2017

Current and future warming of high‐latitude ecosystems will play an important role in climate change through feedbacks to the global carbon cycle. This study compares 6 years of CO2 flux measurements in moist acidic tundra using autochambers and eddy covariance (Tower) approaches. We found that the tundra was an annual source of CO2 to the atmosphere as indicated by net ecosystem exchange using both methods with a combined mean of 105 ± 17 g CO2 C m−2 y−1 across methods and years (Tower 87 ± 17 and Autochamber 123 ± 14). The difference between methods was largest early in the observation period, with Autochambers indicated a greater CO2 source to the atmosphere. This discrepancy diminished through time, and in the final year the Autochambers measured a greater sink strength than tower. Active layer thickness was a significant driver of net ecosystem carbon exchange, gross ecosystem primary productivity, and Reco and could account for differences between Autochamber and Tower. The stronger source initially attributed lower summer season gross primary production (GPP) during the first 3 years, coupled with lower ecosystem respiration (Reco) during the first year. The combined suppression of GPP and Reco in the first year of Autochamber measurements could be the result of the experimental setup. Root damage associated with Autochamber soil collar installation may have lowered the plant community's capacity to fix C, but recovered within 3 years. While this ecosystem was a consistent CO2 sink during the summer, CO2 emissions during the nonsummer months offset summer CO2 uptake each year.
Replicating annual North Atlantic hurricane activity 1878–2012 from environmental variables
Authors: Saunders Mark A. , Klotzbach Philip J. , Lea Adam S. R.
Published: May 2017

Statistical models can replicate annual North Atlantic hurricane activity from large‐scale environmental field data for August and September, the months of peak hurricane activity. We assess how well the six environmental fields used most often in contemporary statistical modeling of seasonal hurricane activity replicate North Atlantic hurricane numbers and Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) over the 135 year period from 1878 to 2012. We find that these fields replicate historical hurricane activity surprisingly well, showing that contemporary statistical models and their seasonal physical links have long‐term robustness. We find that August–September zonal trade wind speed over the Caribbean Sea and the tropical North Atlantic is the environmental field which individually replicates long‐term hurricane activity the best and that trade wind speed combined with the difference in sea surface temperature between the tropical Atlantic and the tropical mean is the best multi‐predictor model. Comparing the performance of the best single‐predictor and best multi‐predictor models shows that they exhibit little difference in hindcast skill for predicting long‐term ACE but that the best multipredictor model offers improved skill for predicting long‐term hurricane numbers. We examine whether replicated real‐time prediction skill 1983–2012 increases as the model training period lengthens and find evidence that this happens slowly. We identify a dropout in hurricane replication centered on the 1940s and show that this is likely due to a decrease in data quality which affects all data sets but Atlantic sea surface temperatures in particular. Finally, we offer insights on the implications of our findings for seasonal hurricane prediction.
New evidence for Kuroshio inflow and deepwater circulation in the Okinawa Trough, East China Sea: Sedimentary mercury variations over the last 20 kyr
Authors: Lim Dhongil , Kim Jihun , Xu Zhaokai , Jeong Kapsik , Jung Hoisoo
Published: May 2017

The evolution of the Kuroshio Current (KC) in the Okinawa Trough (OT) has long been of paleoceanographic interest and has been the focus of many investigations because of its large impacts on both the ocean environment and the climate in East Asia. Here we present a new high‐resolution mercury (Hg) record from the OT sediments that provides robust evidence for the glacial‐interglacial variabilities of KC inflow. The Hg levels are anomalously high in the Holocene deposits, which feature a large and abrupt Hg increase at ~9.6 ka and a significant drop at 4.5–3.2 ka. Our observations show that most Hg was derived from seafloor hydrothermal plumes via active lateral transportation. Thus, the generally high Hg levels since ~9.6 ka are associated with enhanced basin‐wide deepwater circulation triggered by the KC inflow. This driving mechanism for the deposition and widespread of Hg is also evidenced by an abrupt drop in Hg levels during the late Holocene neoglacial cold period (~5–3 ka) when the KC inflow was temporarily interrupted and deepwater circulation was consequently weak or even absent in the OT. The changes in sedimentary Hg appear to be synchronous with those in other geochemical proxies that suggest that bottom water conditions switched from anoxic to oxic due to increased upwelling from the bottom in tandem with the strengthening KC and reduced freshwater effect since ~9.6 ka. This study shows that the hydrothermal Hg is a sensitive and independent tool for the reconstruction of paleodynamics of KC in the OT.
A
nger,
J
ane
Authors: Hudson Judith
Published: May 2017

The pamphlet writer and ‘gentlewoman’ Jane Anger (
fl
. 1588/89) was the author of
Jane Anger, her protection for women, to defend them against the scandalous reportes of a late surfeiting lover, and all otherlike venerians that complaine so to bee overcloyed with womens kindnesse
, written in 1588 and published in 1589 by the London printer Thomas Orwin. The first ‘defence of women’ written by a female author in English, and explicitly dedicated to a female readership, Anger's text has precedents in European works, including those of Christine de Pisan and Hélisenne de Crenne; it is also an important forerunner of such seventeenth‐century defences as Rachel Speght's
A mouzell for Melastomus
(1617), Ester Sowernam's
Ester hath hang'd Haman
(1617), and Constantia Munda's
The worming of a mad dogge
(1617). As such, Anger's work represents a particular milestone in the English Renaissance experience of the literary debate on women known as the
querelle des femmes
.
B
arclay,
A
lexander
Authors: Pincombe Mike
Published: May 2017

Alexander Barclay (c. 1484–1552) was one of the most important early Tudor authors, yet he has still to receive the recognition bestowed by a serious scholarly monograph. He was essentially a modern writer, who made translations and adaptations of contemporary neo‐Latin classics by Continental authors: Sebastian Brant's
Shyppe of fooles
(1509), five
Eglogs
(c.1518–30) based principally on Aeneas Sylvius Piccolomini (Pope Pius II) and ‘Mantuan’ (Baptista Spagnuoli), Mantuan's
Life of Saint George
(c.1515), and Domenico Mancini's
The myrrour of good maners
(c. 1518). All this indicates that we should place him squarely in the camp of the ‘moderns’, as does his attention to more traditionally recognizable ‘humanist’ works such as his translation of Sallust's
Jugurthine wars
(c. 1520), his revision of John Stanbridge's school‐room text
Vocabula
(
Words
, 1519 and several reprints), and his
Introductory to wryte, and to pronounce French
(1521). For all this, he has attracted relatively little attention from the critics, unlike his rival and sparring partner, John Skelton. Why? Sadly, one suspects it is because he was a monk and then a friar, and that the Anglo‐Protestant literary‐historical tradition – which has its roots in the Reformation as much as the Renaissance – has tended to write him off as hopelessly ‘medieval’ (Carlson 1995). In this, his fate resembles his great predecessor, John Lydgate, ‘the monk of Bury’. But just as modern scholars are beginning to appreciate the true value of Lydgate's works, so, too, it may be hoped, Barclay's star may soon rise again.
B
arnes,
B
arnabe
Authors: Pollard Tanya
Published: May 2017

Barnabe Barnes (1571–1609) was a poet and playwright best known for Petrarchan poems, an Italianate revenge play, and personal scandals. He associated with the controversial Robert Devereux, earl of Essex, became involved in a number of literary quarrels, and burst into notoriety in 1598 when he was prosecuted and imprisoned for attempted murder through poisoning. Barnes is primarily remembered as a sonneteer, but his life and writings alike are notable for embodying the sixteenth‐century English fascination with Italian ideas and fashions, as well as the lively competition between young literary wits in early modern London.
B
erkenhead,
J
ohn
Authors: Major Philip
Published: May 2017

John Berkenhead (1617–79) was a pre‐eminent Royalist propagandist who gained a considerable contemporary reputation – on both sides of the main factional divide of the English Revolution – for the withering acerbity of his polemical writings. The foremost vehicle for his arch satirical wit was the first official Royalist newsbook to be based in Oxford – indeed, the first newsbook to be published anywhere in England,
Mercurius aulicus
(1643–45), of which Berkenhead was both editor (in succession to Peter Heylin) and chief writer. Recent scholarship has emphasized the significant influence on
Aulicus
of the court faction centring on William Laud, archbishop of Canterbury, at the expense of more moderate Royalist figures such as Edward Hyde. Berkenhead had been patronized by Laud during the 1630s, gaining a fellowship at All Souls College, Oxford, on the latter's recommendation. It is a testament to Berkenhead's industry and talent that
Aulicus
is held to have been among the most influential – and feared – of the nascent newspapers of its day, so much so that various manifestations of the Parliamentarian opposition, official and unofficial, felt compelled to counter it with nearly two dozen new such publications of their own during its run.
B
oyle,
R
obert
Authors: Murphy Kathryn
Published: May 2017

Robert Boyle (1627–91), natural historian and philosopher, and writer on religious and ethical topics, was a key figure in the development of science, particularly important for contributions to chemistry and experimental methodology. He wrote prolifically in various genres, and is especially notable in the development of the essay.
B
rewer,
A
nthony
Authors: Kathman David
Published: May 2017

Anthony Brewer was the author of a Jacobean pseudo‐history play,
The love‐sick king
. The play was printed in 1655 with a title page attribution to ‘Anth. Brewer, Gent.’, but internal evidence indicates that it was written more than 30 years earlier, during the reign of James I. In fact, the play was probably performed before James in Newcastle in 1617 during a progress to Scotland, as argued most thoroughly by Randall Martin (1991), and may have been written for that occasion. Gerard Langbaine wrote in 1691 that it was revived in 1680 under the name
The perjured nun
, and the first modern edition was by A. E. H. Swaen in 1907.
B
rooke,
C
hristopher
Authors: O'Callaghan Michelle
Published: May 2017

Christopher Brooke (c.1570–1628), lawyer, member of parliament, shareholder in the Virginia Company, and poet, was born to Robert Brooke, a wealthy citizen of York and twice lord mayor of that city, and Jane Maltby, the daughter of a York draper. It is not known whether he attended university before he entered Lincoln's Inn on 15 March 1587. Brooke's literary affiliations tell us much about the multifaceted nature of early modern literary culture. Brooke was a public poet who committed his major works to print, while also taking part in London scribal communities and tavern clubs. He first appeared in print alongside his fellow wits – his close friend John Donne, Ben Jonson, and the lawyers John Hoskyns and Richard Martin – in the mock ‘Panegyric verses’ which jestingly celebrated the publication of Thomas Coryate's account of his European travels,
Coryats crudities
(1611). Coryate, in turn, greeted Brooke among the ‘Sireniacal Gentlemen, that meet the first Fridaie of every Moneth’ at the Mermaid tavern on Bread Street in his letters sent from his Indian travels. And Brooke is also listed among the diners who gathered in mock honour of Coryate in a burlesque Latin poem, often given the title ‘Convivium philosophicum’ (c.1611), set at the Mitre tavern.
B
ryskett,
L
odowick
Authors: Herron Thomas
Published: May 2017

Lodowick Bryskett (c.1546‐c.1612), administrator and colonial settler in Ireland, is best remembered as a minor poet and translator who had the good luck to befriend two literary titans, Sir Philip Sidney and Edmund Spenser. Like James Boswell, however, he is more than just a Boswell.
B
uchanan,
G
eorge
Authors: Cavanagh Dermot
Published: May 2017

George Buchanan (1506–82) was one of the most distinguished and influential humanists of the sixteenth century. He is best known today to historians of the period's political ideas as a notably radical theorist of constitutional thought who emphasized the importance of popular sovereignty, limited kingship, and the right to resist tyranny. Yet in his own time Buchanan was renowned as perhaps Europe's pre‐eminent neo‐Latin poet; he was also a dramatist of remarkable inventiveness and it is this literary side of his work that is still underexplored today.
B
urton,
R
obert
Authors: Kitzes Adam H.
Published: May 2017

Robert Burton (1577–1640) is the author of
The anatomy of melancholy
, one of the finest books ever written on the subject. Few sources tell us about Burton's life, and we have only an outline of his career. He was born in 1577 at Lindley, in Leicestershire, second son to Ralph Burton and Dorothy Faunt. Most of his life was spent at Christ Church, Oxford. Burton was appointed vicar of St Thomas, Oxford (1616), rector of Walesby (1624) and Seagrave, Leicestershire (?1633). Early publications include two university plays, the now lost
Alba
(1605) and
Philosophaster
(1606, revised 1615), in which Duke Desiderius (Erasmus?) establishes a university in the Andalusian town of Osuna. The university is quickly besieged by Jesuit pseudo‐philosophers of all disciplines. After receiving numerous complaints from the local population, the duke threatens to shut down the university altogether; he relents following the intervention of two wandering scholars, Polumathes and Philobiblios (‘Much‐Learned’ and ‘Lover of Books’). By the end of the play, the duke punishes the false professors, and takes several steps to restore the connections between political power and university learning.
C
lifford,
A
nne
Authors: Daybell James
Published: May 2017

The life of noblewoman and diarist Lady Anne Clifford, countess of Pembroke, Dorset, and Montgomery (1590–1676), was dominated by an inheritance dispute over the Clifford titles and estates, a fractious experience that inflected the various extant writings connected to her with a strong sense of family, lineage, and posterity. The only surviving child of George Clifford, third earl of Cumberland (1558–1605) and his wife, Lady Margaret (1560–1616) – herself the youngest daughter of Francis Russell, second earl of Bedford – Anne Clifford was born at Skipton Castle on 30 January 1590, and apparently conceived on 1 May 1589 ‘in the Lord Wharton's house in Channell Row in Westminster’. During the course of her long life she married only twice: first, on 25 February 1609, Richard Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, third earl of Dorset (1589–1624), with whom she quarrelled bitterly; and second, on 3 June 1630, Philip Herbert, earl of Montgomery and fourth earl of Pembroke (1584–1650), Charles I's lord chamberlain, a match that brought great wealth, power, and court influence, but was no more happy than her first. She gave birth to two surviving daughters by her first marriage, Margaret (1614–76) and Isabella (1622–61), and had three sons by her first husband and two by her second, all of whom died in infancy. After Pembroke's death she enjoyed a period of more than two decades of widowhood as a redoubtable matriarch, holding the hereditary office of sheriff of Westmorland, a position she used to assert her ancestral rights. Anne Clifford died on 22 March 1676 at Brougham Castle, and was buried in a tomb of her own fashioning at the church of St Lawrence, Appleby on 14 April, laid to rest as one of the wealthiest noblewomen in later Stuart England, having bequeathed over £80,000 in heritable estates, with a rental income of £8,000 per annum.
C
ox,
L
eonard
Authors: Glomski Jacqueline
Published: May 2017

Leonard Cox (c. 1495–c. 1549) was the first Briton to write a treatise on the education of youth and the first author of an English‐language treatise on rhetoric. He was a remarkable figure for his time, travelling in the 1510s in Europe as far east as Cracow, and spending 10 years in Poland and Hungary, but he was also a typical English lay humanist and reformer, and was a precursor of such scholars as Thomas Wilson, Roger Ascham, Gabriel Harvey, and Richard Mulcaster.
Golding,Arthur
Authors: Oakley‐Brown Liz
Published: May 2017

Arthur Golding (1536–1606), translator of 32 foreign texts (Gibbs & Ruiz 2008) and author of three original works – two in prose and one in verse – is generally renowned for producing the first complete version of Ovid'sMetamorphosespublished in English. Books I to IV (1565) were followed byThe xv. bookes of P. Ouidius Naso, entytuled Metamorphosis, translated oute of Latin into English meeter(1567). Golding's rendition of the Latin poem is often referred to as ‘Shakespeare's Ovid’, and scholars have established intertextual links between it and Shakespeare's texts; traces are also present in other works of sixteenth‐century literature including Edmund Spenser'sThe Faerie Queeneand Christopher Marlowe'sTamburlaineandEdward II(Considine 2004). Though translated from Latin rather than French sources, Golding's Ovid shares some common ground with the medieval allegorical tradition as exemplified by William Caxton's unpublished vernacular version of theOvide moralisé(1480). As his dedicatory epistles show, Golding is alert to contemporaneous Calvinistic doctrines concerned with desire and restraint (Oakley‐Brown 2001), and these reformed sensibilities are inscribed in the anglicized Ovidian myths. The eight editions printed between 1567 and 1612 testify to the popularity of Golding's Ovid, and writers such as William Webbe, Thomas Nashe, George Puttenham, John Harington, and Francis Meres commend the translator's achievement (Braden 1978). Golding's use of ‘fourteeners’, a lively yet undemanding line of iambic heptameters, prompted C. S. Lewis to comment that ‘The Ovidian manner, the flippant and sophisticated brilliance, was beyond his reach’ (Lewis 1954). Later critics veer away from these kinds of judgements in favour of examining the ways in which Golding domesticates the Latin poem for its Elizabethan audience (Braden 1978; Lyne 2001).
G
ooge,
B
arnabe
Authors: Hamrick Stephen
Published: May 2017

Engaged in the central concerns of mid‐sixteenth‐century translators, poets, and soldiers, Barnabe Googe (1540–94) studied at Cambridge and Staple Inn, travelled to France and Spain with ambassador Thomas Chaloner in 1561, served in the Parliament of 1571, and published a series of influential texts, including an anti‐Catholic polemic dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. In Spain he witnessed the poor treatment of the English, the seizure of his embassy's Protestant books by the Inquisition, and the punishment of Protestants and Muslims. Engaged by his distant relation, William Cecil, Lord Burghley, Googe served as a crown agent reporting on the pacification of Ireland by Walter Devereux, earl of Essex. He also waited upon Elizabeth, as first server, at a banquet held by Burghley. Later he returned to Ireland as provost marshal of Connaught, and actively suppressed Catholicism. In Ireland he may have met Edmund Spenser and Welsh poet Lodowick Lloyd, and did meet Barnabe Rich, Raphael Holinshed, and Thomas Churchyard. Googe died at Alvingham, Lincolnshire, in February 1594.
H
arrison,
W
illiam
Authors: Ebalo Daniel
Published: May 2017

William Harrison (1535–93), a clergyman, is notable as the author of ‘Description of England’, published as part of Raphael Holinshed's
Chronicles
(1577, 1587). ‘Description’ is significant for its astute observations of sixteenth‐century society. This compilation of social, topographical, and antiquarian description continued a tradition developed by the English monastic chroniclers, but it is also distinguished by innovation and a specifically early modern perspective. Harrison presents a more detailed topography and a more expansive description of Tudor England than earlier chronicles, with more personal anecdotes and greater specificity, giving readers, particularly social historians, a revelatory depiction of Elizabethan culture.
H
olland,
P
hilemon
Authors: Aydelotte Laura
Published: May 2017

Philemon Holland (1552–1637) was an accomplished translator best known for his English versions of classical works by Livy, Plutarch, Pliny, Suetonius, and Xenophon as well as for his translation of William Camden's
Britannia
(1610). He also translated certain works from English into Latin for use on the Continent, including John Speed's
The theatre of the empire of Great Britaine
(1616). The seventeenth‐century clergyman and writer Thomas Fuller described Holland as ‘the Translator General in his age’ and praised the prolific nature of his work, stating that ‘those Books alone of his turning into English will make a Country Gentleman a competent Library for Historians’. Holland's translations were widely used and much valued from the seventeenth through the nineteenth centuries for their thorough scholarship, accuracy, and smooth, engaging style.
H
oward,
H
enry, Earl of
S
urrey
Authors: Irish Bradley J.
Published: May 2017

Henry Howard, earl of Surrey (1517–47), was a Henrician poet, soldier, and courtier. Though devoted to royal service – he was the eldest son of the realm's senior peer – his short life was plagued with frustrated ambition and bouts of erratic behaviour, and his volatile temperament led eventually to his execution in the tense final days of Henry VIII's life. Despite his tumultuous political career, Surrey is regarded, with Sir Thomas Wyatt, as a founding father of English Renaissance literature. In addition to promulgating humanist ideals and Continental verse forms, he is credited with innovating both the English (or Shakespearean) sonnet and blank verse metre.
H
ughes,
T
homas
Authors: Crosbie Christopher
Published: May 2017

The literary legacy of Thomas Hughes (
fl
. 1571–1623) rests solely on his prominent role in writing
The misfortunes of Arthur
(1588), a play that blends aspects of Arthurian legend with Senecan stage conventions in vogue during the late sixteenth century. Generally considered as uninspired and rhetorically stilted,
The misfortunes
has nonetheless garnered some scholarly interest as a unique adaptation of Arthurian romance to the stage and as something of a transitional piece between early academic drama and the more popular forms that would flourish under Marlowe, Shakespeare, and their contemporaries.
H
yde,
E
dward, Earl of
C
larendon
Authors: Mortimer Sarah
Published: May 2017

Edward Hyde, first earl of Clarendon (1609–74), was a historian and politician. Both his writings and his political career were designed to strengthen and support the English monarchy by describing the true foundations on which it ought to stand. Before 1646, these writings mostly consisted of official statements and pamphlets which promoted the cause of Charles I; after the Royalist defeat in the First Civil War, however, Hyde began to compose longer and more personal works, the most important of which was a history of the recent turmoil in England. His intimate knowledge of contemporary events, his intense reflection upon them and his gift for elegant, persuasive prose all found expression in his historical writing. Although his
History of the rebellion
(1702–4), his account of the Civil Wars and their aftermath, was published only in the reign of Queen Anne, it quickly became a best‐seller and helped to shape the literary culture of the eighteenth century.
J
ones,
I
nigo
Authors: Sanchez Melissa E.
Published: May 2017

Inigo Jones (1573–1652) revolutionized English stage design and architecture. The son of a cloth‐worker, Jones was born in London, but very little is known of the first 30 years his life. Jones served as an apprentice to a joiner in London in the late sixteenth century, but by the early seventeenth century he had gone to Italy, where he began to study Italian stage design and classical theories of architecture. While in Italy, he acquired a copy of the 1601 edition of Andrea Palladio's
Quattro libri dell'architectura
, which explains Vitruvian principles of architectural design and construction. By the early seventeenth century Jones was back in England, where he created the sets and costumes for numerous court masques. He continued his self‐education in classical architecture by returning to Europe at least twice more, visiting France in 1609 and Italy in 1613. Upon returning to England in 1614, Jones continued to design sets for court masques, and in 1615 he became surveyor of the king's works, which put him in charge of maintaining, designing, and erecting royal buildings. In addition to his work in theatre and architecture, Jones served as a member of the House of Commons in parliament and a justice of the peace for Westminster.
K
empe,
W
illiam
Authors: Navitsky Joseph
Published: May 2017

William Kempe (or Kemp) (
fl
. 1585–1603) was one of late Tudor England's foremost celebrities, earning fame as both a stage clown and a composer of jigs. Kempe is best remembered for bringing to life many of Shakespeare's beloved comic characters, but his contemporary renown derived in equal measure from a solo career capped by a 130‐mile morris dance he completed in 1600.
K
ing,
H
enry
Authors: Wilcher Robert
Published: May 2017

Henry King (1592–1669) was baptized at Worminghall in Oxfordshire on 16 January 1592. The eldest of nine children of John King, who became bishop of London in 1611, he was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford, taking his MA degree in 1614. He was ordained and made a prebendary of St Paul's Cathedral in January 1616. About this time, he married Anne Berkeley, a Kentish heiress, who bore him five children and died at the age of 24. The couple were leasing a house near the cathedral when John Donne became dean of St Paul's in 1621, the year in which Bishop John King died. In his role as chief residentiary canon, King developed a close relationship with the new dean, who had been an intimate friend of his father. Having been appointed archdeacon of Colchester and a royal chaplain‐in‐ordinary, King became a canon of Christ Church in 1624 and a doctor of divinity in 1625. Further preferment was delayed until the period of unrest before the Civil War, when he was installed as dean of Rochester in 1639 and consecrated bishop of Chichester in February 1642. After the fall of Chichester to a Parliamentary army, King was sequestered and ejected from his see. Between 1643 and 1660, he found refuge with various members of his family and by 1647 he had established a praying community at Richings, the home of Anne, Lady Salter, near Slough. During the 1650s, he continued to ordain priests according to the rite of the outlawed Book of Common Prayer and was involved in an abortive plot to secure the apostolic succession of the English church by crossing the Channel to consecrate new bishops. Passed over for the archbishopric of York at the Restoration, he returned to Chichester, where he died on 30 September 1669. He was buried in the cathedral.
L
eslie,
J
ohn
Authors: Sweetnam Mark S.
Published: May 2017

John Leslie (or Lesley) (1527–96) was a confidant and conspirator on behalf of Mary Queen of Scots, a Roman Catholic bishop, and a historiographer of considerable importance. Given this, it is tempting to see him as the mirror image of his more famous contemporary John Knox, counterbalancing Knox's
History of the reformation of religion in Scotland
(1559–66) with his
History of Scotland
(1570). But this would be both to misunderstand Leslie and to sell him short. In the eventful trajectory of his life, Leslie exemplified the mobility of the early modern intelligentsia and the cosmopolitan, Eurocentric orientation of contemporary Scottish politics.
L
umley,
J
ane
Authors: Goodrich Jaime
Published: May 2017

Jane Lumley (1537–78) was a learned Catholic noblewoman and the first person to translate a Greek play into English (
Iphigenia at Aulis
, c.1553). Although she also translated a handful of orations by Isocrates from Greek into Latin, Lumley's
Iphigenia
alone has ensured her a permanent place in the canon of early modern women writers. Lumley was the daughter of Henry Fitzalan, twelfth earl of Arundel and a member of Mary I's Privy Council, and wife of John Lumley, first Baron Lumley. Like select other royal and aristocratic women of the period, such as Elizabeth I and the Cooke sisters, she received cutting‐edge training in Latin and Greek according to humanist principles; in fact, her husband and father amassed the best library within sixteenth‐century England. Lumley contributed to this familial interest in learning by presenting her father with manuscript translations demonstrating her unusual erudition.
M
air,
J
ohn
Authors: Royan Nicola
Published: May 2017

John Mair (or Major) (c. 1470–1550) is now best known for
Historia Maioris Britanniae tam Scotiae quam Angliae (History of Greater Britain, Scotland as much as England
, or
History of Mair's Britain
), published in Paris in 1521, but during his lifetime he was more famous as a theologian and philosopher. He was born around 1470 in Haddington, East Lothian, and although he spent a year at a Cambridge college, he was educated primarily in Paris, at the
collèges
of Ste Barbe, Montaigu, and Navarre, before teaching at the Sorbonne, the most distinguished (and conservative)
collège
of all. He divided his academic career between Paris and Scotland, settling in St Andrews only in 1531, where he remained in various university posts until his death in 1550.
M
ennes,
J
ohn and
S
mith,
J
ames
Authors: de Groot Jerome
Published: May 2017

Sir John Mennes (1599–1671) and James Smith (1604/5–1667) were Royalist soldiers who collaborated to write and edit a series of poetic miscellany publications that they titled ‘drolleries’:
Musarum deliciae
(1655),
Wit and drollery
(1656), and
Wit restor'd
(1658). Their collections demonstrate a popular royalism and provided a means by which the supporters of the king might express their political identity through song, ballad, riotous drinking, and witty poetry. In the manner of John Cleveland, Smith and Mennes used vulgar, popular ballad forms to express their political identity.
M
unday,
A
nthony
Authors: Mardock James
Published: May 2017

Anthony Munday (1560–1633), a playwright, pamphleteer, translator, and historian, remains a marginal figure in literary history. Probably best known for his role as principal author of the play
Sir Thomas More
(c.1593), Munday collaborated with many of his best‐known contemporaries, among them Thomas Middleton, Ben Jonson, Thomas Dekker, John Webster, and William Shakespeare. Though he earned a comfortable living late in life as a historian and pageant writer for the City of London, he was only ambivalently esteemed by his fellow poets. Thomas Middleton both gratefully acknowledges the contributions of ‘Anthony Munday, Gentleman’ and scorns him as an ‘impudent common poet’. Munday was praised by Francis Meres in his survey of English playwrights as ‘our best plotter’, but mocked in Ben Jonson's
The case is alterd
(1599), in which he is represented as the hack poet ‘Antonio Balladino’.
N
orthbrooke,
J
ohn
Authors: Rankin Mark
Published: May 2017

John Northbrooke (
fl
. 1567–89), Protestant clergyman and controversialist, is one of several clerics who generated anti‐theatrical polemic following the establishment of London's professional theatres in 1576. A native of Devonshire, Northbrooke received ordination within the diocese of Bath and Wells under Elizabeth and was appointed curate of the parish church of St Mary Redcliffe, the largest in Bristol, before 1567. There he sided with other Puritan clergy and townspeople against Richard Cheyney, bishop of Gloucester, who had embraced the doctrine of free will. Northbrooke's evangelicalism did not lead him into nonconformity, however. He controversially denied that Christ literally descended into hell after the Crucifixion in
A breefe and pithie summe of the Christian faith
(1571). Yet he continued to subscribe to the Thirty‐Nine Articles, the principal doctrinal statement of the Elizabethan church, even though
A breefe and pithie summe
asserts that these articles ought not to have prescribed this doctrine.
The poore mans garden
, Northbrooke's second epitome of doctrine, also appeared in 1571. He received the vicarage of Berkeley, Gloucestershire, in 1575 and that of Henbury, near Bristol, in 1576. The date of his death remains unknown.
O
gilby,
J
ohn
Authors: Major Philip
Published: May 2017

John Ogilby (1600–76) is known to posterity principally as a distinguished early modern publisher of maps, a self‐styled court ‘Cosmographer and Geographick Printer’ whose road atlas of England and Wales,
Britannia
(1675), set exacting new standards in breadth and accuracy. However, his earlier literary projects, particularly his translations of classical authors, mark him out as a Renaissance writer of substance whose reputation has survived the scorn of John Dryden and Alexander Pope.
O
verton,
R
ichard
Authors: Adams Matthew
Published: May 2017

Richard Overton (c.1614–63) was a polemicist, a printer, and a leader with John Lilburne and William Walwyn of the Leveller movement of the 1640s. Between 1640 and 1655 he wrote a series of brilliant and often amusing pamphlets, many of which made significant contributions to the controversies of the English Revolution, to the development of political and religious thought, and to anglophone satirical prose.
Petty,William
Authors: Lewis Rhodri
Published: May 2017

Sir William Petty (1623–87) was influential as a natural philosopher, political economist, and intellectual entrepreneur. He published on a range of topics from educational reform to demography, and was a key figure in the Baconian movement for philosophical and scientific reform that would be institutionalized in the foundation of the Royal Society.
P
ulter,
H
ester
Authors: Eardley Alice
Published: May 2017

The surviving literary works of Lady Hester Pulter (1605–78), comprising over 100 occasional, devotional, and emblem poems, and an original prose romance, survive in a single manuscript (Brotherton Collection MS Lt q 32) now preserved in the Leeds University Library. The manuscript, compiled between 1655 and 1661, remained widely unknown until Mark Robson first brought it to scholarly attention in 1996. Above all, it is notable for Pulter's engagement with a diverse range of literary genres, for her playful experimentation with form, and for her passionately opinionated and highly personal engagement with the political and intellectual debates of her time.
R
andolph,
T
homas
Authors: Nardizzi Vin
Published: May 2017

Thomas Randolph (1605–35) was a literary celebrity of seventeenth‐century Cambridge University. After completing studies at Westminster School, where his fellow students may have performed
The drinking academy
, a short play in manuscript that scholars now ascribe to him, Randolph matriculated at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1624. He earned his BA in 1628, became a fellow of Trinity in 1629, and received the degree of MA in 1631. All accounts suggest that Randolph was a precocious child – in addition to
The drinking academy
, he penned a (now lost) poem on the nativity at the age of nine – whose literary talents ripened at university.
S
ackville,
T
homas, Earl of
D
orset
Authors: Kathman David
Published: May 2017

Thomas Sackville, Baron Buckhurst and earl of Dorset (c. 1536–1608), was a high‐ranking Elizabethan politician and nobleman who is best known today for the poetry he wrote in his youth. His father, Sir Richard Sackville, was a privy councillor and first cousin of Anne Boleyn, making Thomas a second cousin of Queen Elizabeth. In his own long career, Thomas Sackville served as a member of parliament, ambassador to France and the United Provinces, lord high treasurer of England, and chancellor of the University of Oxford. He was created Baron Buckhurst in 1567 and earl of Dorsetin 1604, and became very wealthy through his land dealings. While he lived into his seventies, Sackville's modern literary reputation rests on works he wrote before his thirtieth birthday.
S
hirley,
J
ames
Authors: Bailey Rebecca A.
Published: May 2017

James Shirley (1596–1666) was a leading playwright of the Caroline stage whose dramatic career parallels with a remarkable neatness the reign of King Charles I. A published poet and pedagogue, Shirley is best known for his sizeable and innovative dramatic canon which spans the genres of comedy, tragedy, tragicomedy, pastoral, and masque. As scholars now recognize, Caroline theatre has been unfairly overshadowed by the brilliance of its Elizabethan and Jacobean counterparts. Shirley's texts engage directly with problems of state, society, and religion which perhaps explains why the commonplace book of one contemporary play‐goer, Abraham Wright, records a preference for Shirley's
The bird in a cage
(licensed 1633; published 1633) over Shakespeare's
Hamlet
(c. 1600).
S
tanley,
T
homas
Authors: McDowell Nicholas
Published: May 2017

Thomas Stanley (1625–78) was a poet, translator, patron, and gentleman of letters whose diverse literary achievements are beginning to attract more scholarly attention in the light of recent work on literary coteries, manuscript circulation, and translation in the seventeenth century.
S
tow,
J
ohn
Authors: Gordon Andrew
Published: May 2017

John Stow (1525–1605) is best known as the urban chorographer whose lifelong endeavours produced the
Survay of London
(1598), a unique textual monument to his native city that would provide the framework for successive descriptions of London over several centuries. In addition to his authorship of the
Survay
, Stow was a central figure within historical studies in the period. Involved in the major historiographical projects of his age, he was also its leading chronicler, dominating the print market in popular consumption of history. Both his chorographical and historical works drew on his dedicated efforts in studying, copying, and collecting the materials of British history and culture, including the literary remains to which Stow attached considerable importance. His contribution to literary culture includes work in rescuing and disseminating the vernacular works of native authors. Stow was above all a practical man of letters who saw the importance of preserving the textual heritage of the land and participated in the development of new literary forms through which this material was made available in print.
S
treater,
J
ohn
Authors: McDowell Nicholas
Published: May 2017

Until the rise of interest over the last two decades in political and republican writing during the English Revolution, John Streater (c. 1620–77) was remembered mainly as the publisher of James Harrington's great work of republican theory,
Oceana
, in 1656. J. G. A. Pocock made the case in his 1977 edition of Harrington's political writings for Streater's significance as someone who introduced ‘the language of classical republicanism into the literature of army opposition to the Protectorate’, and both literary critics and historians have since paid attention to Streater both as the author of some powerful works of republican criticism of Cromwell and as an innovative figure in the London book trade after the Restoration (Smith 1995; Johns 1998).