bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A inscrição subjetiva da Lei e o adolescente em medida socioeducativa
Authors: Bertol Carolina Esmanhoto , Souza Mériti De
Published: May 2018

Neste trabalho problematiza-se a inscrição subjetiva da Lei utilizando-se o recorte conceitual da Lei simbólica no plano psicanalítico, como aquela que insere o sujeito na cultura, e da lei no campo jurídico e social que regula as ações dos sujeitos que compartilham de uma mesma rede social. Recorre-se a referenciais psicanalíticos e psicossociais para analisar os sentidos dos atos infracionais cometidos por um adolescente que cumpre medida socioeducativa de internação no estado do Paraná, considerando-se sua relação com a Lei simbólica e com a lei jurídica. A partir da análise entende-se que os atos infracionais não afirmam a falta de inscrição subjetiva da Lei, mas antes, representam a possibilidade do adolescente compartilhar dos ideais propostos pela lógica liberal capitalista. Ou seja, a lógica liberal capitalista produz demandas excludentes entre si: obedecer às leis jurídicas e alcançar os ideais de êxito financeiro e social. Assim, para alcançar os ideais sociais o adolescente pode transgredir a lei jurídica, porém, essa transgressão não diz respeito à falta de inscrição subjetiva da Lei simbólica.
Culpa e Vergonha na Constituição da Subjetividade: Ensaio de Psicanálise Aplicada Sobre o Filme "Shame"
Authors: Machado Maysa Maria Napolitano , Branco Victória De Freitas , Galdi Maíra Bittar , Campos Érico Bruno Viana
Published: May 2018

Este artigo consiste em um ensaio de psicanálise aplicada sobre o filme "Vergonha" (Shame). A interpretação está focada sobre a relação entre os dois personagens principais, com destaque para o protagonista, Brandon. A análise do filme apresenta a angústia depressiva e a impossibilidade de elaboração do luto pela perda do objeto como elementos centrais da subjetividade narcísica. O objetivo é discutir questões mais amplas com relação à caracterização das formas próprias de sofrimento nos modos de subjetivação contemporâneos, em que a relação com as instâncias ideais caracteriza-se muito mais pela mediação do ideal de ego narcísico, cujo teor afetivo é da ordem da vergonha, do que do superego edípico, cujo teor afetivo é da ordem da culpa.
Sleep deprivation in children is a risk factor for obesity
Authors: Lepkowska Dorothy
Published: May 2018

New research shows that sleep deprivation in young children is an important risk factor or marker for obesity. Dorothy Lepkowska reports on some of the latest research on obesity.
Can school attachment modify the relation between foster care placement and school achievement?
Authors: Engh Lisbet , Jernbro Carolina , Lin Ping-I , Bornehag Carl-Gustaf , Eriksson Ulla-Britt
Published: May 2018

The aim of this research is to examine the relation between school attachment and school achievement and foster care placement.

A cross-sectional study was carried out with data from 20 340 pupils in Sweden, aged 10, 13 and 16 years, 252 of the children were placed in foster care.

Data on children's health, school attachment and school achievement were obtained from the Pupil Health Database.

The results show that school achievement was significantly poorer for children in foster care than for other children, but only when they had low school attachment. When they had high school attachment, there was no difference in school achievement between the groups. Therefore, the results of this study suggests that school attachment could modify the relation between foster care placement and school achievement. The interaction effect was statistically significant after adjusting for age and sex. By promoting school attachment for children in foster care through creating supportive relations and a friendly school environment, the school achievement can be improved.
Bereavement: The importance of learning about loss
Authors: Penny Alison
Published: May 2018

Bereavement is a sensitive area for schools to tackle, but it does not have to be difficult. Ahead of Dying Matters Awareness Week, Alison Penny offers her advice.
Supporting children and young people with PTSD
Authors: Thornton Stephanie
Published: May 2018

Post-traumatic stress disorder can be caused by traumatic events but is not limited to major disasters. Stephanie Thornton looks at the signs and symptoms of PTSD and how we can support children and young people who are affected.
The dentist's role in smoking cessation management – a literature review and recommendations: part 2
Authors: Keat Ross M , Fricain Jean-Christophe , Catros Sylvain , Monteiro Luis , da Silva Luis Martins , Freitas Marcio Diniz , Brandariz Angel , Lodi Giovanni , Pispero Alberto , Warnakulasuriya Saman , Khan Zahid , Albuquerque Rui
Published: May 2018

Abstract: By utilizing the ‘stages of change’ approach to smoking cessation an individual's willingness to quit smoking can be ascertained, with provision of knowledge on potential interventions empowering patients to make their own decisions on cessation modalities. Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) can reduce physical cravings, pharmacotherapies can reduce the desire to smoke, stop smoking services can provide smokers with interpersonal support and electronic cigarettes are increasing in popularity but cannot be recommended as a completely safe way of delivering nicotine. Interpersonal support in combination with NRT and/or pharmacotherapy is the safest and most successful method of smoking cessation.

The authors are developing an online resource to assist with smoking cessation advice. It is available at http://www.smokingcessationtraining.com/ .

CPD/Clinical Relevance: For a patient who is amenable to brief cessation advice, the stages of change model allows the dentist to adapt brief advice to the patient's current circumstances. By improving knowledge of smoking cessation modalities, the dentist can answer any simple questions the patient may have, signposting them towards specialist cessation centres when appropriate.
Cognitive behavioural therapy and the adolescent patient
Authors: Marshman Zoe , Kirby Jen , Rodd Helen
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Dental anxiety is common in adolescents and is associated with poor oral health status and worse oral health-related quality of life. As these patients move into adulthood, they may continue to be reliant on pharmacological approaches in order to cope with dental treatment and only attend when they have a problem. Managing anxious adolescents is also a source of stress for dental practitioners. This article describes how cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) can be used to reduce dental anxiety in this group of patients.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article provides an overview of cognitive behavioural therapy and gives practical guidance on how such approaches can be used with adolescents.
The role of dentists in management of snoring with oral appliances
Authors: Johal Ama , Desai Aditi
Published: May 2018

Abstract: This paper aims to highlight the importance of dentists in the management of sleep-related breathing disorders through the provision of mandibular advancement appliances (MAAs). An update on the use of MAA therapy is provided with respect to current clinical practice guidelines, their mode of action, selection and an awareness of their relative advantages and disadvantages, along with follow-up and practical aspects to their provision.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: With the increasing recognition of the role of mandibular advancement appliances in the management of sleep-related breathing disorders, the importance of trained dentists in what is recognized as Dental Sleep Medicine is highlighted in this update.
The ultimate aesthetic challenge in dentistry: a single crown on a maxillary central incisor
Authors: Manhart Juergen
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Optical impairments of teeth in the aesthetic zone constitute a problem for many patients. Modern dentistry offers a large variety of different treatment options for aesthetic challenges in the anterior dentition, such as tooth bleaching, direct composite restorations, ceramic veneers or all-ceramic crowns, depending on characteristics and severity of dental defects or tooth decay. This case report documents the preparation and restoration of an upper central incisor with a glass ceramic crown.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Successful anterior crowns need a precise fit and functional adaptation but also an excellent aesthetic integration into neighbouring dental structures.
Child cancers: managing the complications of childhood chemotherapy in the adult dentition
Authors: Rizvi Naureen , Kelleher Martin G D , Majithia Milan
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Young children who are unfortunate enough to suffer from a malignant disease are often treated with chemotherapy. This selectively toxic treatment keeps them alive but, in many cases, the effects on the developing dental structures can be very serious. Robust evidence is limited on how to manage the dental issues of the surviving patients later on in their lives. This article demonstrates some interesting malformations of teeth produced by the malignant disease or by the chemotherapy early in life. It offers some pragmatic ideas on solving some of these dental problems without destroying the already much reduced tooth tissue.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article enables clinicians to appreciate the long-term effects of chemotherapy on the dental development of young cancer victims and outlines subsequent management using minimally destructive, pragmatic, bonded composite restorations.
Skill mix – the challenges for practice
Authors: Cannell Phillip
Published: May 2018

Abstract: Skill mix is a term that has started to appear in the dental arena over the last few years. The intention of this article is to enable the reader to appreciate what the term means, its relationship to the scope of practice of the various members of the dental team, offer a consideration of the economics of using a broad skill mix approach within primary care dental practice, and consider possible implications that skill mix may have on the delivery of dental services to our patients in the future.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article will assist those involved in the delivery of dental services to patients within the practice setting, to appreciate some of the opportunities as well as challenges that exist in utilizing a skill mix approach, as well as considering further potential changes that it may bring about in the delivery of care to patients in the future.
Necrotizing sialometaplasia – a diagnostic conundrum
Authors: Shabir Aisha , Cymerman James , Jay Amrita , Jawad Susan , Morley Simon , Liew Colin
Published: May 2018

Abstract: A case of necrotizing sialometaplasia (NS) is presented in a female patient, who initially presented as a suspected head and neck malignancy. This relatively rare condition holds diagnostic importance because of its ambiguous clinical and histopathological presentation that can be misdiagnosed clinically as neoplasia. The aim is to add to the existing literature on this condition with a rare collection of fully illustrative clinical images and the aetiology and pathogenesis of NS based on an up-to-date literature search will also be discussed. There are no conflicts of interest. The natural history of necrotizing sialometaplasia, a benign inflammatory condition is presented, with rarely seen clinical photographs from inception to fully developed lesions through to healing stages. Ultrasound and MRI images that characterize the acute phase of this condition are also presented.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The implications of patients' use of smartphone cameras to document their condition is discussed, which can be of immense help to the clinician.
The aberrant canine part 1: aetiology and diagnosis
Authors: Mittal Tarun K , Atack Nikki E , Naish Hywel J , Williams Julie C , Puryer James S , Sandy Jonathan R , Ireland Anthony J
Published: May 2018

Abstract: The eruption of the permanent canine, particularly the maxillary tooth, is a milestone in dental development. Although often uneventful, occasionally there are disturbances in eruption, the management of which can be one of the more challenging aspects of orthodontics. This article is presented in two parts. Part 1 gives an overview of the possible aetiology and diagnosis of the aberrant canine tooth.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Awareness of the possible sequelae of unerupted canines is important in diagnosis and treatment planning.
Informed consent: a changing paradigm?
Authors: Gallacher Amy Arora , Ward Stephen
Published: May 2018

Abstract: It is both an ethical and legal obligation for clinicians to ensure patients are fully informed and involved in the decision-making process. A recent landmark case, Montgomery vs Lanarkshire, has emphasized the importance of fully informing patients regarding the risks of treatment and is likely to have significant implications for the dental specialty. This paper aims to provide an overview of informed consent in the UK and discuss the implications of this ruling on orthodontists and the wider dental team.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This paper aims to discuss the legal and ethical implications of a recent legal case, Montgomery vs Lankarkshire, on the orthodontic profession and highlight how the case may change the current consent taking process.
DC-polarography and cyclic voltammetric studies of some mono and bis azo compounds derived from aromatic primary amines and 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalene in aqueous solutions
Authors: El-Sayed R. , Mohamed AbdAllah A. , Mabrouk E. M.
Published: May 2018

The DC and CV behavior of some mono and bis azo compounds based on aromatic primary amines and 2,3-dihydroxynaphthalein was investigated in Britton-Robinson buffer series. The obtained results indicated that these compounds undergo an irreversible reduction leading to cleavage of the N=N center with the formation of amine compounds. However, for the derivative m-CH3 on the aniline ring in alkaline solutions, the reduction stops at the stage for saturation of the N=N center. The E1/2 and Ep shifted to more negative potentials with rise of pH and the values of il are not much influenced except for the m-CH3 derivative. The total number of electrons involved in the reduction process was determined by controlled potential coulomety and calculated from Ilkovic equation. The effect of substituents on the electrode pathway was discussed. Based on the data obtained the electroreduction mechanism was suggested and discussed.
Mechanical and tribological properties of As-cast Al6061-Tungsten carbide metal matrix composites
Authors: Swamy A. R. K. , Ramesha A. , Prakash J. N. , Kumar G. B. Veeresh
Published: May 2018

The Aluminum (Al) and its alloys are finding extensive applications in industries like automobile, aerospace and marine fields. Aluminum-based Metal Matrix Composites (MMC?s) reinforced with hard particulates offer superior operating performance and resistance to wear. Al based MMC materials provide higher abrasive resistance and provide a longer service life compared to other materials. The popularity of composites may be the reason that these composites possess good mechanical properties, good corrosion resistance, wear resistance in addition they are light-in-weight. In this paper it is aimed to present the experimental results of the studies conducted related to hardness, tensile strength, and compression strength of Al6061-Tungstan Carbide (WC) composites. The composites were prepared using the liquid metallurgy technique (stir casting technique), in which 0-4 wt. % of reinforcing tungsten carbide particulates were dispersed into the base matrix alloy in steps of 1%. The obtained cast composites of Al6061-WC and unreinforced base alloy was subjected mechanical tests and composites were subjected to microstructural examination. The test results reveal that the hardness and strength of the alloy has increased monotonically. The wear resistance obtained using computerized pin on disc wear tester with counter surface as EN31 steel disc (HRC60) and the composite pin as specimens, demonstrated the superior wear resistance property of the composites.
A note on common fixed point theorem in Hilbert Space
Authors: Yadav Hema , Ali Sayyed Shoyeb , Badshah V. H.
Published: May 2018

In this paper the authors studied the problem of Sayyed and Badshah8 and prove common fixed point theorem in Hilbert Space. In recent years Rashwan and Sadik5, Malnge3, Berinde1, Rashwan4, Song and Chen11, Cric, Ume and Khan2 have studied the convergence of iterations to common fixed point for a pair of mappings. Rhoades6-7, proved the mappings T satisfying certain contractive condition, if the sequences of Mann iterates converged it converges to a fixed point of T. Sayyed and Badshah9-10 proved generalized contractive type mapping in Hilbert Space. AMS (2000) Subject Classifications: Primary 47H10, Secondary 54H25
Research methodology for orthopaedic surgeons, with a focus on outcome
Authors: Lübbeke Anne
Published: May 2018

Since improving the patient’s condition is the ultimate goal of clinical care and research, this review of research methodology focuses on outcomes in the musculoskeletal field. This paper provides an overview of conceptual models, different types of outcomes and commonly assessed outcomes in orthopaedics as well as epidemiological and statistical aspects of outcomes determination, measurement and interpretation. Clinicians should determine the outcome(s) most important to patients and/or public health in collaboration with the patients, epidemiologists/statisticians and other stakeholders. Key points in outcome choice are to evaluate both the benefit and harm of a health intervention, and to consider short- and longer-term outcomes including patient-reported outcomes. Outcome estimation should aim at identifying a clinically important difference (not the same as a statistically significant difference), at presenting measures of effects with confidence intervals and at taking the necessary steps to minimize bias.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170064
New trends in the orthopaedic management of diabetic foot
Authors: Kılıçoğlu Önder İ. , Demirel Mehmet , Aktaş Şamil
Published: May 2018

Although there are various types of therapeutic footwear currently used to treat diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), recent literature has enforced the concept that total-contact casts are the benchmark. Besides conventional clinical tests and imaging modalities, advanced MRI techniques and high-sensitivity nuclear medicine modalities present several advantages for the investigation of diabetic foot problems. The currently accepted principles of DFU care are rigorous debridement followed by modern wound dressings to provide a moist wound environment. Recently, hyperbaric oxygen and negative pressure wound therapy have aroused increasing attention as an adjunctive treatment for patients with DFUs. For DFU, various surgical treatments are currently available, including resection arthroplasty, metatarsal osteotomies and metatarsal head resections. In the modern management of the Charcot foot, surgery in the acute phase remains controversial and under investigation. While conventional fixation techniques are frequently insufficient to keep alignment postoperatively, superconstruct techniques could provide a successful fixation. Retrograde intramedullary nailing has been a generally accepted method of achieving stability. The midfoot fusion bolt is a current treatment device that maintains the longitudinal columns of the foot. Also, Achilles tendon lengthening remains a popular method in the management of Charcot foot.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2018;3 DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.3.170073
Correlation of Adhesive Performance between Automated Bond Evaluation System Tests and Plywood Tests: A Case Study of Lignin-Phenol-Formaldehyde Adhesives*
Authors: Huang Zeen , Feng Martin
Published: May 2018

The automated bond evaluation system (ABES), which recently became ASTM D7998-15 standard test method, is an effective tool for screen testing of different water-based wood adhesive formulations. This method enables rapid evaluations of mechanical responsiveness of different adhesive formulations to various press temperatures and/or press times, providing an efficient and realistic comparison of bondability and reactivity among the adhesive formulations.

Based on extensive testing work, this article provides experimental findings and evidence for the use of this method to evaluate bonding performance of lignin as a major ingredient in the phenolic adhesive system. The relationship between bond strength development and press temperature can be established for a particular adhesive formulation using this method, which can then help the formulation and optimization of a wood adhesive containing lignin. Softwood plywood experiments demonstrated that there is a strong correlation between ABES test results and adhesive performance in the panel products.
The Effects of Normal Aging on Regional Accumulation of Hyaluronan and Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans in the Mouse Brain
Authors: Reed May J. , Damodarasamy Mamatha , Pathan Jasmine L. , Erickson Michelle A. , Banks William A. , Vernon Robert B.
Published: May 2018

The brain changes in volume and composition with normal aging. Cellular components of the brain are supported by an extracellular matrix (ECM) comprised largely of hyaluronan (HA) and HA-associated members of the lectican family of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs). We examined regional differences in microvascular density, neuronal and glial markers, and accumulation of HA and CSPGs in mouse brains during normal aging. The cortex, hippocampus, dentate gyrus, and cerebellum of young (4 months), middle-aged (14 months), and aged (24–26 months) brains were analyzed. Microvascular density decreased in cerebral cortex and cerebellum with age. There were no detectable differences in neuronal density. There was an increase in astrocytes in the hippocampus with aging. HA accumulation was higher in aged brain relative to young brain in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum, but not in other regions examined. In contrast, CSPGs did not change with aging in any of the brain regions examined. HA and CSPGs colocalized with a subset of neuronal cell bodies and astrocytes, and at the microvasculature. Differences in accumulation of ECM in the aging brain, in the setting of decreased microvascular density and/or increased glial activation, might contribute to age-related regional differences in vulnerability to injury and ischemia.
LATERAL COOLANT FLOW BETWEEN FUEL ASSEMBLIES IN MIXED CORES
Authors: Caha Vojtech , Čížek Jiří
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the results of an analysis of lateral coolant flow between adjacent fuel assemblies with non-identical spacing grids in a mixed core consisting of TVSA-T mod.1 and TVSA-T mod.2 fuel assemblies. The calculation was carried out using modified subchannel code SUBCAL which allows to calculate 3D thermo-hydraulic characteristics of the coolant flow in the full three fuel assemblies model. This full three fuel assemblies model was created in two variants. The first variant consisted of three hydraulically identical fuel assemblies TVSA-T mod.1, whereas the second variant consisted of two fuel assemblies TVSA-T mod.1 and one fuel assembly TVSA-T mod.2 which mainly differ in types, number and axial coordinate of spacing grids and also in diameter of guide tubes. The influence of mixed core to lateral coolant flow and hence coolant temperature was obtained by comparing these two variants. The power distribution was taken from presumed mixed core fuel reload calculated by macro-code ANDREA. Finally there were also provided a comparison of results achieved by subchannel analysis approach with calculation of similar problem using CFD code ANSYS CFX by TVEL, the fuel supplier.
IMITATING NEUTRON IRRADIATION DAMAGE USING A COMBINATION OF ION BEAMS
Authors: Šísl Václav , Ševeček Martin
Published: May 2018

There is a strong motivation for using ion beams to imitate neutron irradiation damage, mainly in order to reduce costs and time demands linked to neutron irradiation experiments. The long-term goal of the authors is to create an ion irradiation methodology, which could be employed in the development process of innovative nuclear fuel materials. This methodology will be based on combining of a set of ion beams in such a way that the final distribution of irradiation-induced defects in the material structure is similar to the one which would have been introduced by neutrons in a nuclear reactor. The first part of the methodology is represented by an optimization tool described here. The tool uses a third party Monte Carlo code SRIM to simulate ion transport in a target and to determine the distribution of radiation damage. Subsequently, a custom genetic optimization algorithm is applied to a set of damage distribution profiles to find their optimal combination.
Diabetes mellitus type 2 and acute myocardial infarction: prognostic options for interaction in patients of different age groups
Authors: Garganeeva Alla A. , Kuzheleva Elena A. , Borel Ksenia N. , Kondratyeva Dina S. , Afanasiev Sergey A.
Published: May 2018

Background. Problems surrounding comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary heart disease are some of the most important in medical science and practice, given their mutually negative impact on patients prognoses and quality of life.
Aims. To study the impact of type 2 diabetes on the long-term prognoses of patients of different age categories, status-post acute myocardial infarction. (Data obtained from the Register of Acute Myocardial Infarction.)
Materials and methods. The main data source was the Register of Acute Myocardial Infarction, maintained in Tomsk for more than 30 years. The study included 862 patients with acute myocardial infarction. The patients were monitored for 5 years. The primary endpoint was death from any cause during the observation period.
Results. We separated the study cohort into 2 groups depending on patients ages: Group 1 (n = 358) included patients older than working age, Group 2 (n = 504) consisted of younger, employable patients. The combination of ischaemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus were diagnosed in 208 patients. The combination of ischaemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes was the cause of adverse prognosis among elderly patients and led to increased mortality rate during the 5-year post-infarction period (p = 0.0003). However, among younger, working patients who suffered myocardial infarction, the presence of type 2 diabetes did not have an independent negative effect on long-term disease prognosis. While in employable patients, a long history of diabetes mellitus significantly aggravated the course of the post-infarction period (p = 0.004).
Conclusions. These data suggest an ambiguous prognostic effect of type 2 diabetes mellitus among working age and elderly patients status post myocardial infarction, in agreement with experimental studies conducted on laboratory animals. Further comprehensive analyses of the clinical and experimental data are needed to optimise therapies for patients who suffer from type 2 diabetes and comorbid ischaemic heart disease.
Birth weight and length in offsprings of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus due to mutations in GCK gene
Authors: Zubkova Natalia A. , Burumkulova Fatima F. , Ulyatovskaya Victoria I. , Petrukhin Vasily A. , Plechanova Margarita A. , Panov Anton E. , Budykina Tatiana S. , Makretskaya Nina A. , Tiulpakov Anatoly N.
Published: May 2018

Background. Gestational diabetes (GDM) due to GCK gene mutations is the most frequent form of monogenic diabetes mellitus (DM) presenting during pregnancy. It has been suggested that the use of insulin in pregnancies with fetuses carrying GCK mutations may lead to intrauterine growth retardation. In the present study we evaluated the effect of insulin therapy during pregnancy on birth weight and length in the offsprings of mothers with GDM due to GCK mutations.
Aims. The aim was to study birth weight and length in offsprings of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus due to mutations in GCK, depending on the therapy during pregnancy.
Materials and methods. The study included 38 patients with GDM caused by GCK gene mutations (18.7%) and the 45 offsprings. To define molecular basis of GDM in pregnant women we used a targeted NGS. Diabetes panel genes were sequenced using a custom Ion Ampliseq gene panel and PGM semiconductor sequencer (Ion Torrent). To found the same mutations in their offsprings was used Sanger sequencing. All children were divided into 3 groups depending of their genotype and therapy received by the mothers during pregnancy.
Results. We found statistically significant differences in birth length (p=0.04) and weight (p=0,031) depending on the genotype of the child and therapy in the mother. The risk of macrosomia was shown in non-mutation-carrying offsprings only. The birth weight in children with GCK gene mutations whose mothers received insulin during pregnancy was significantly lower. However, the birth weight remained in the normal range.
Conclusions. Since prenatal diagnostics in the mothers with GCK gene mutations is not always justified, we recommend insulin therapy in order to prevent fetal macrosomia, which, however, should be less aggressive than in GDM due to other causes.
Secondary hyperparathyroidism in patient with type 2 diabetes and stages 3–4 chronic kidney disease
Authors: Egshatyan Lilit V. , Mokrisheva Natalya G.
Published: May 2018

Secondary hyperparathyroidism is an early complication of chronic kidney disease, with increasing severity as the glomerular filtration rate decreases and characterized by a progressive increase in parathyroid hormone and growth of the parathyroid glands. It is generally accepted that a deficiency in active form of vitamin D or calcitriol levels seems to play a relevant role in its development and progression of secondary hyperparathyroidism. A reduction in plasma calcitriol levels occurs early in renal disease. Major renal guidelines recommend use of vitamin D for secondary hyperparathyroidism in chronic kidney disease. In the treatment vitamin D receptor activation inhibit glandular hyperplasia; reduce parathyroid hormone levels impact on bone turnover and mineral density. Treatment with calcitriol can occasionally result in hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in renal patients due promotes intestinal calcium and phosphorus absorption. This limits its suitability for the treatment. But next generation vitamin-D analogs such as paricalcitol have lower intestinal absorption of calcium, phosphorous and significantly lowers renin levels, albuminuria and blood pressure.
In this article, we present the case of a Caucasian male with type 2 diabetes and secondary hyperparathyroidism in stages 34 chronic kidney disease. Our case study shows that in treating for secondary hyperparathyroidisms selective vitamin D receptor activation with paricalcitol reduction of levels parathyroid hormone, albuminuria, offering low chance hypercalcemia, hyperphosphatemia and other side effects.
Influence of hyperinsulinemic – hypoglycemic clamp on induced platelet aggregation, activity of physiological anticoagulants and von Willebrand factor in patients with type I diabetes
Authors: Jarek-Martynowa Iwona R. , Martynov Mikhail Y. , Sarkisova Karina G. , Koksharova Ekaterina O. , Mishina Ekaterina E. , Yasamanova Albina N. , Shestakova Marina V.
Published: May 2018

Background. Intensive glycaemic control in patients with type 1 diabetes may lead to hypoglycaemia and thus increase the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events. Platelet activation and/or decreased activity of physiological anticoagulants during hypoglycaemia may play a role in the development of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular complications.
Aims. To investigate induced platelet activity, the activity of physiological anticoagulants, and the von Wil-lebrand factor in patients with type 1 diabetes with the hyperinsulinaemichypoglycaemic clamp.
Materials and methods. We examined 11 patients with type 1 diabetes without macro- and micro-vascular complications (6 males, 5 females, mean age 23.7 5.6 years, A1C 9.7 2.3%). Induced platelet aggregation, physiological anticoagulants (Protein S, Protein C, AT III) and the von Willebrand factor were studied at hyperglycaemic, euglycaemic, and hypoglycaemic stages during use of a hyperinsulinaemic (1 mU/kg/min) hypoglycaemic clamp.
Results. Platelet aggregation to all agonists increased significantly during the hypoglycaemic stage, compared with the euglycaemic or hyperglycaemic stages. There was no difference in platelet aggregation between the euglycaemic and hyperglycaemic stages. Platelet aggregation to all agonists increased during the hypoglycaemic stage compared with the hyperglycaemic period: thrombin23.9%, ADP30.6%, arachidonic acid30.9%, collagen69.4% and ristocetin70.8%. During hypoglycaemia aggregation to ADP, arachidonic acid and collagen remained within normal limits (upper quartile); aggregation to thrombin was significantly above normal limits and aggregation to ristocetin remained significantly below lower limits. Protein S activity was significantly increased during hypoglycaemia compared with euglycaemia (p = 0.046) and hyperglycaemia (p = 0.046). Antithrombin-III activity decreased significantly at the euglycaemic and hypoglycaemic stages, compared with the hyperglycaemic period, but still remained significantly elevated above the upper threshold. Protein C and vWf activity did not change significantly.
Conclusions. In patients with type 1 diabetes platelet aggregation and protein S activity increases significantly at the hypoglycaemic stage of the hyperinsulinaemichypoglycaemic clamp. Platelet activation is directly caused by hypoglycaemia and not by decreasing glucose levels. Increased protein S activity is a compensatory response to platelet activation.
Quality of glycemic control in assessment of the requirement for insulin in patients with type 2 diabetes and comorbid pathology
Authors: Kurnikova Irina A. , Ualihanova Aigerim U. , Meleshkevich Tatiana A. , Kiryanova Lyudmila V.
Published: May 2018

Background. In modern medicine, several diseases exist that require an interdisciplinary approach, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DT2), which can be considered as an initially comorbid pathology, is certainly one of these. Reportedly, a high level of comorbidity not only changes the presentation of the disease and makes diagnosis challenging, but in patients with comorbid diseases, the progression of the disease also increases, the prognosis worsens, and approaches to diagnosis and therapy change. For patients with DT2, a significant hallmark in the progression of the disease is the formation of insulin dependence. Determination of the mechanism behind comorbidity affecting the course and progression of diabetes, including the development of insulin dependence, necessitates research. In addition, the mutual influence of the quality of disease management of diabetes and the level of comorbidity also require investigation.
Aims. We aimed to assess the influence of the quality of metabolic control and severity of comorbidity on the risk of insulin dependence in patients with DТ2.
Materials and methods. A total of 166 patients with DT2 were divided into groups on the basis of the variant of hypoglycemic therapy, which was with either oral hypoglycemic agents or insulin therapy. The diagnostic complex included regular monitoring of glycaemia and the evaluation of the level of comorbidity.
Results. The relationship between the quality of disease management and the level of comorbidity was established. With comorbidity measured using the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS), a score above 14 points reduced the effectiveness of the therapy and triggered the initiation of more intensive glycemic control. Data on the influence of the quality of glycemic control and the parameters of comorbidity on the risk of insulin dependence in patients with DT2 were obtained.
Conclusions. High CIRS scores in patients with DТ2 reduce the likelihood of achieving glycemic control targets. These patients require more intensive self-monitoring (at least four times during the day), and the risk of formation of insulin dependence is increased by 1.5 times.
Editorial
Authors: Picarella Lucia
Published: May 2018

Editorial
Mariarosaria Colucciello, una gramática para el nuevo mundo : de Nebrija a Bello (1492-1847), Bogotá, Taurus-Penguin Random House, 2017.
Authors: Suárez Pineda Jesús Alberto
Published: May 2018

Reseña
Polarización ideológica y diálogo intercultural como opuestos referentes en el contexto político actual venezolano.
Authors: Cazzato Salvador , Méndez Blanca
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo de investigación se propone analizar, mediante una metodología cualitativa, el proceso de polarización política venezolana que signa la apariencia cotidiana de la cultura política en los últimos años, develando las limitaciones que en su ejercicio se generan para desarrollar los objetivos democráticos del país y el panorama de complejidades que supone la no superación del modelo de confrontación en el proceso de consolidación de acuerdos desde la visión roussoneana. Así como se destacará en las conclusiones, en las cuales se presenta una propuesta explícita para la salida de la crisis política, el diálogo intercultural se propone como el proceso más idóneo para cimentar y dirimir los acuerdos entre sectores políticos contrapuestos. Un giro distinto a esto podrá agrietar de forma irreconciliable, en un futuro próximo, la posibilidad de consolidar la legitimidad de nuestras instituciones democráticas para dar paso al desequilibrio de las diversas formas de organización respetadas con eco por los ciudadanos venezolanos.
Cuestión Malvinas : ampliación de la plataforma continental Argentina, Brexit y la nueva administración de Mauricio Macri.
Authors: Colalongo Rodolfo , Ecker Glenda
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo de reflexión tiene la intención de explicar el primer año de la política exterior de Mauricio Macri en relación con la cuestión Malvinas, apelando a tres situaciones específicas, es decir, las circunstancias histórico-políticas del reclamo argentino, los hechos y acciones de la ampliación de la plataforma continental y la decisión británica de salirse de la Unión Europea. Todo esto se llevará a cabo a través del análisis cualitativo de diferentes comunicados de prensa, discursos de funcionarios públicos, opiniones de isleños, políticos e hijos de excombatientes. Finalmente se expondrán, a modo de conclusión, los argumentos de los autores de por qué se sostiene que la actual administración macrista espera obtener diferentes resultados, implementando las mismas estrategias del pasado.
La crisis económica del virreinato napolitano en la época de Felipe III a través del estudio de algunos presupuestos (1598-1621).
Authors: Pirolo Franca
Published: May 2018

El presente artículo de investigación analiza, mediante una metodología cualitativa, la grave crisis económica especular a la española que se evidenció durante el reinado de Felipe III en el virreinato napolitano. Las conclusiones, dirigidas a descifrar los acontecimientos del virreinato –eje de la política imperial española como primer financista de las guerras de aquel entonces–, se basan en el análisis de documentos basilares como las Instrucciones que el soberano les dio a los virreyes, los Informes virreinales y algunos presupuestos que, por medio de la política económica de la monarquía española, ponen de manifiesto la situación económico-financiera del virreinato.
Dialog z tradycyjnymi religiami Afryki w nauczaniu papieża Pawła VI, Jana Pawła II oraz w liście kardynała Francisa Arinze
Authors: SZYMCZYCHA KAZIMIERZ
Published: May 2018

The letter of pope Paul VI Africae terrarum is the first official Church document consecrated to Africa. It was issued on 29th of October 1967. It shows a positive perspective on African Traditional Religion. The second important group of texts regarding the attitude towards ATR are different texts said by John Paul II during his travels to Africa. Special attention should be paid also to the letter of card. F. Arinze consecrated to the pastoral care of the followers of African Traditional Religion.
Tromba - kult nawiedzenia i transu na Madagaskarze. Próba interpretacji
Authors: KRZYŻOSTANIAK GRZEGORZ
Published: May 2018

Le culte de posession et transe (tromba) est connue dans tout Madagascar. Toutefois, les chercheurs sont generalement d’accord qu’elle a son origine au sein du groupe ethnique Sakalava residant partie nord-ouest de Madagascar. Auteur en commenęant par la clarification de la terminologie decrit le processus rituel lui-meme, qui comporte cinq etapes, dont le but est de reveler l’esprit-tromba dans le corps humain “possede”. Le medium (saha) joue un role principal dans dans le ritual du tromba. L’ auteur presente les differentes interpretations du tromba. Il conclut que phenomene du tromba est complexe. C’est donc le culte de posession et transe, et la communication avec les ancetres (razana). Tromba a indeniablement des qualites therapeutiques et il semble qu’elle a un caractere syncretique.
Opieka stomatologiczna oraz problemy zdrowia jamy ustnej u pacjentów w Ośrodku Rehabilitacji i Leczenia Trądu w Puri (Indie) - doświadczenia własne*
Authors: GERRETH KAROLINA
Published: May 2018

Most people in developing countries have little or no access to organized oral health care or to basic emergency dental treatment. The main reasons are lack of dentists and poor socio-economic status. Particularly access to dental health is characteristic of isolated groups such as, e.g., lepers’ colonies. The author presents her own observations gathered during two medical missions organized by the Redemptoris Missio Humanitarian Aid Foundation to the Karunalaya Leprosy Care Center in Puri, in 2001 and 2003. The paper describes the problems resulting from health status, methods of dental treatment and ways of teeth cleaning. The author’s experience shows that even if dental aid is rendered at irregular intervals it allows to treat successfully a relatively high number of patients. The poor appreciate any dental help, which, in turn, encourages the dentist to continue his/her efforts in the future.
Dziewczęta-żołnierze. Przyczyny występowania tego zjawiska
Authors: BŁAŻEJEWSKA BEATA
Published: May 2018

This article presents an overview of the issue of the girls-soldiers. It presents the motives for becoming a soldiers by girls. Sometimes the reasons for becoming a soldier could be of fear (lack of safety), but often it is also of prestige and certain power. It might be surprising but a girl becoming a soldier may also gain some security or prestige.
Religie Indii w relacjach arcybiskupa Władysława Michała Zaleskiego opublikowanych w „Misjach Katolickich" (1891-1897)
Authors: BOGUSIAK MAŁGORZATA
Published: May 2018

Archbishop Władysław Zaleski was one of the best known Polish missionaries in history of Catholic Church. He spent over 30 years in India, where he founded first theological seminary in Ceylon and established indigenous hierarchy in Indian Church. During his mission he used to write a lot of letters, which were published in periodical “Missye Katolickie”. This text presents archbishop’s attitude toward religions he met in India - Buddhism and Hinduism. As many missionaries in his times he believed that only Christianity is true religion and other people outside Catholic Church were pagans. In his opinion those Indian indigenous religions were worshiping devil. Text shows also Zaleski’s opinion about Budda and nirvana.
RPV Surveillance Programs—Spain
Authors: Ballesteros Avila Antonio , Marcelles Ramirez Ignacio
Published: May 2018

An overview of the Spanish reactor pressure vessel surveillance programs is presented. This overview includes a description of the surveillance capsules that have been analyzed in the operating reactors to date. Several important considerations regarding the long-term operation of the Spanish reactors are discussed, including the use of reconstituted Charpy specimens and the implementation of ex-vessel dosimetry in the Spanish reactors.
Russian WWER Surveillance Specimen Programs
Authors: Chernobaeva Anna , Erak Dmitry , Kochkin Vyacheslav
Published: May 2018

This paper describes surveillance specimen programs of Water-Water Energetic Reactor (WWER) water-cooled water-moderated reactor pressure vessels and experiences of controlling the properties of first-generation WWER-440 reactor pressure vessels, which do not have surveillance specimens. Information on extended surveillance specimen programs of the WWER-1000 reactor pressure vessels for operation during the over-design lifetime period is also presented. All information herein relates to reactors operated in Russia.
Historical Review of the Development of ASTM Standard Practices E185 and E2215 from the 1960s to 2015
Authors: Kirk Mark , Hardies Robert , Gordon Matthew
Published: May 2018

Surveillance programs are used to monitor the exposure conditions (i.e., dose, temperature) experienced on or near the inner diameter of a nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV) and to monitor the change in the mechanical properties of the RPV steels produced by these conditions. The programs consist of several surveillance capsules that typically contain Charpy and tensile specimens and sometimes fracture toughness specimens. They are placed in the RPV at the time of its manufacture. Surveillance capsules lie closer to the core than the vessel itself; surveillance capsules can be attached to either the RPV wall or to the core barrel in close proximity to the RPV wall. Because of their location the amount of irradiation experienced by the samples inside the capsules exceeds that experienced by the RPV wall at any moment in time. This paper documents the evolution of ASTM E185, Standard Practice for Design of Surveillance Programs for Light-Water Moderated Nuclear Power Reactor Vessels, and ASTM E2215, Standard Practice for Evaluation of Surveillance Capsules from Light-Water Moderated Nuclear Power Reactor Vessels, over their development history. The information contained herein is intended to augment and expand upon that contained in Appendix XI of E185.
Description and Regulations of German RPV Irradiation Surveillance Programs
Authors: Hein Hieronymus , May Johannes
Published: May 2018

The reactor pressure vessel (RPV) irradiation surveillance programs applied in German light water reactors are described herein. These descriptions take into account the boiling water reactors and pressurized water reactors operated in Germany at the beginning of 2011. The reactor generations are introduced regarding dimensions, number of loops, and active core features; this introduction is followed by an overview of the codes and standards of the German Nuclear Safety Standards Commission (KTA). Based on the regulations stipulated in safety standard KTA 3203, which was issued in 2001, the scope and requirements of the standard RPV irradiation surveillance program are described in terms of materials and specimens, design and location of capsules, dosimetry, temperature monitoring, withdrawal scheme, specimen testing methods, and specific issues such as the reconstitution of specimens and alternative dosimetry methods. With respect to long-term operation, additional and modified surveillance programs are considered as well. Finally, the basic evaluation method of surveillance test data according to KTA 3203 and the use of surveillance data for RPV integrity assessment and long-term operation evaluation are explained. Because of the low neutron irradiation or use of well-designed RPV materials, or both, all reactors operated in Germany at the beginning of 2011 have demonstrated favorable irradiation behavior, allowing RPV long-term operation far beyond the 40 years of original design.
Neutron Dosimetry Overview for LWRs
Authors: Fischer Greg A.
Published: May 2018

Irradiation damage of materials is commonly correlated with neutron exposure. This paper describes methods and techniques typically used in commercial light water reactors to measure neutron exposure levels. The physical measurement process is described along with considerations involved in the interpretation of measurement results. Examples of typical measurement systems are provided. Lessons learned through the last five decades of experience are summarized.