bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Self Audit as part time Fistula Surgeon
Authors: Abdullah Aziz
Published: June 2019

Aims: To determine the outcome of all the patients operated by single surgeon during this period.
Methods: From 2006 to2017 total of 2870 patients were operated. These included all cases of urinary and fecal incontinences, inclusive of both acquired and congenital disorders like cloacal abnormalities and bladder exstrophy. Total 2460 cases of Vvf were operated out of which around 68% were operated via vaginal route remaining were via abdominal routes. Abdominal approach was also used for all cases of ureteric reimplantation and vesico uterine fistula. Total of 5 cases of fecal incontinence with cloacal presentation, all of them were older than 16 years. There were five cases of untreated cases bladder exstrophy all adult females treated with Mitroffnof procedure and bladder augmentation. Of fecal incontinence there were 340 cases out of which 190 cases were of 4th degree tear all of them were operated in similar manner. Around 210 cases of ureteric injury were treated. 10% of them were amenable to endoscopic intervention while remaining were reimplanted.
Results: Over all successful closure of fistula was around 95.14%. Unfortunately restoration of continence rate was around 82%. This was mostly because of small capacity of bladder, OAB, Stress Incontinence because of damage to pelvic floor and to the urethra. While overall mortality was 2 patients and these attributed to cardiac causes. Over successive years there is decrease in cases due to obstetrical causes but rise in iatrogenic causes. Though number of cases treated remains same.
Conclusions: Overall results are good with reasonable results. Though need further input in trainng of surgeon and midwifes for prevention of fistula.
Keywords: audit, fistula, surgeon
Patient characteristics of women with obstetric fistula from western Nepal
Authors: Berger Salome
Published: June 2019

Aims: To assess the social, demographic and reproductive health characteristics of women with obstetric fistula from western Nepal who attended fistula camps in Surkhet between 2012 and 2017. To investigate factors associated with attendance of at least one antenatal care session (ANC).
Methodology: This was a retrospective study of 125 medical records. Baseline social, demographic and reproductive health characteristics were summarized. Associations between baseline characteristics and attendance to at least one ANC session were analyzed using statistical tests and multivariable logistic regression.
Results: The mean age at presentation was 41.4 years (SD=12.4) and duration of history of OF was 15.4 years (SD=11.4), which were both higher than in other studies. Education was associated with higher uptake of ANC and delivery at a health facility was also associated with having visited at least one ANC session.
Conclusions: The characteristics of women attending this camp are, for the most part, similar to those of OF patients in previous studies. The long duration of history of OF in Nepal calls for more effective case-finding strategies. To improve ANC uptake and increase deliveries at health facilities, education was found to be a key factor.
Building a Countrywide Treatment Network: Lessons from Kenya and Zambia
Authors: Pollaczek Lindsay , Mohamed Habiba , Chomba Bwalya
Published: June 2019

In 2014, Fistula Foundation and partners launched Action on Fistula in Kenya, a comprehensive initiative focused on expanding access to fistula care and building the national capacity for fistula treatment, training, and community mobilization. Between  May 2014 - September 2018, over 4,000 fistula repair surgeries have been performed at six partner hospitals throughout the country, far surpassing the original targets and nearly doubling the treatment capacity in the country. This was accomplished through partnerships with the Ministry of Health, public and private hospitals, Federation of International Gynecology and Obstetrics for accreditation of the first FIGO obstetric fistula training center in the country, and community-based organizations responsible for patient identification, referral, and reintegration programs. This integrated and holistic model of delivering fistula care has resulted in over 4,100 fistula surgeries performed by 10 Kenyan surgeons, 8 new surgeons trained to the FIGO standard or intermediate competency level, 309 community health volunteers trained and deployed, over 12,000 community events conducted to improve knowledge and awareness of fistula, and over 300 women enrolled in support groups post repair to enhance social and psychological health and boost livelihood development opportunities.
The success of the Kenya program prompted the launch of a new countrywide treatment network in Zambia in January 2017. In the first 20 months, the program supported over 375 additional surgeries at six hospitals (from a baseline of approximately 200 surgeries annually done across the country), trained three surgeons to FIGO standard competency level, trained 217 CHVs and Safe Motherhood Action Group Members, and conducted over 2,000 outreach activities for fistula awareness.
Improving fistula data reporting through collaboration, learning and adaptation of fistula tools and indicators in Uganda
Authors: Kanakulya Hassan , Kaduyu Paul , Arnoff Elly , Mukisa Rose , Tripathi Vandana
Published: June 2019

Aims: To report on efforts to improve fistula service statistics reporting in Uganda.
Methods: A process review assessed the adoption of fistula tools and indicators nationally and in four districts. In addition to HMIS/DHIS2 data review, nine key informant interviews were conducted, at two district hospitals, two specialized hospitals and with the national senior biostatistician. 
Results: Two of four were included in the revised HMIS/DHIS2 and three of four hospitals were using standardized fistula tools. From July 2017- June 2018, 595 repairs and 310 fistula cases were reported into DHIS2 and evidence of data use at the district level. However, there was low reporting rate for fistula data, due to low awareness of the new HMIS indicators.
Conclusions: Integration of the fistula and obstetrics/gynecology registers, refinement of the fistula register, and development of discharge and follow-up registers were considered by partners thus leading to availability of routine data to support planning.
Female Urinary Incontinence: Prevalence and Impact on the Quality of Life of Gynaecological Clinic Attendees in Lagos, Nigeria
Authors: Akinlusi FM , Ottun TA , Oshodi YA
Published: June 2019

Aims: To determine the prevalence of urinary incontinence (UI); risk factors; impact on quality of life and symptom specific health seeking behaviour.
Methods: A cross-sectional study of 395 women attending gynaecological clinic of the Lagos State University Teaching Hospital. UI was defined as the complaint of any involuntary leakage of urine in the previous six months. Socio-demographic characteristics, obstetrics, gynaecological, medical and surgical risk factors, impact on daily activities and treatment history were assessed. Univariate, bivariate and multivariable analyses were performed.
Results: Participants age ranged from 25-67 years with a mean of 38.81 ± 10.1. Prevalence of UI was 32.9%.  Urge UI occurred in 18.0% of all respondents while the prevalence of stress and mixed incontinence was 7.3% and 7.6% respectively. Independent risk factors for urinary incontinence were age (OR= 0.49, 95%;CI = 0.26-0.92), higher body mass index (OR = 1.92; 95% CI =1.53-3.00) and history of constipation(OR = 2.11; 95% CI =1.30 - 3.43). About47%of those with UI admitted to having negative feelings such as despair, anxiety and depression while 45% had a cumulative moderate to severe affectation of their quality of life in all domains. Despite these, only 27.7% sought help.
Conclusions: Despite thesubstantial impact of UI on the quality of life, majority do not seek help. Addressing modifiable risks factors, improving treatment seeking behaviour by correction of misconceptions and elimination of stigma will go a long way in reducing the prevalence of UI.
Stakeholder perceptions on women’s health after obstetric fistula repair: results from a qualitative study in Guinea
Authors: Delamou Alexandre , Delvaux Thérèse , Diallo Aissatou , Douno Moussa , Dialo Moustapha , De Brouwere Vincent , Diop Altine , Tripathi Vandana , Romanzi Lauri
Published: June 2019

Aims: To explore stakeholder perceptions on the health of women after female genital fistula repair in Guinea.
Methods: In-depth interviews (IDIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with stakeholders involved in fistula prevention and management in Conakry, Labé and Kissidougou regions, where EngenderHealth supports fistula repair hospitals.
Results: 41 IDIs and seven FGDs (with 42 participants) were conducted with various stakeholders. Women who underwent fistula surgery and were discharged with a closed fistula were described as carrying several health risks. These women are seen as people more exposed to maternal and neonatal complications during pregnancy and childbirth than women who do not experience fistula.
The core category that emerged to describe women treated for fistula was “vulnerability”. Women treated for fistula were described as “vulnerable” as compared to “normal” women who have never experienced fistula. The concept of “vulnerability” included physical, social (including mental) and economic dimensions. Physical vulnerability included the sequalae of the condition and the risk of maternal and neonatal complications such as fistula recurrence, abortion or stillbirth. Social vulnerability that includes mental vulnerability was described through the continuous stigmatization of women, the social pressure to fulfil marital duties i.e. resuming sexual intercourse or becoming pregnant again. Economic vulnerability included poverty related characteristics, lack of autonomy that maintain financial barriers to access health care.
Conclusions: Fistula care should go beyond surgery by developing and implementing interventions that address women’s physical, psychosocial and economic vulnerabilities.
Stones before Touching the Sharpen Knives
Authors: Bello OO , Morhason-Bello IO , Lawal OO , Abduls-Salam RA , Babawarun TO , Ojengbede AO
Published: June 2019

Aims: To assess the effectiveness of training in fistula repair.
Methods: A semi structured self-administered questionnaire was used to elicit responses from seven fistula surgeon trainees who trained for standard level of fistula repair during 2014-2018. Data analysis was done using SPSS 20.0.
Results: The mean age and duration of medical practice of participants was 41.6 years (SD=5.6) and 14.9 years (SD=6.9) respectively. Almost all trainees were male 6 (85.7%) and five had postgraduate fellowships. Only one trainee (14.3%) had received previous formal training in fistula repair while four (57.1%) had previously done a surgical repair. All trainees participated and assisted in surgical repairs while 6 (85.7%) were the lead surgeon in at least 3 surgeries during training. Following training, four (57.1%) trainees witnessed an increase in the number of fistula patients presenting at their health facilities. Five trainees (71.4%) saw fistula cases that were beyond the level of their training. All trainees reported an increase in proficiency in fistula repair evidenced by successful outcomes of about 80% at first attempt. Lack of adequate infrastructural, personnel and social support for patients during and post training were cited by all trainees as barriers to the provision of adequate care for fistula repair.
Conclusions: There is need for more commitment to training so as to address the treatment gap and eliminate the backlog of unrepaired fistula cases.
Abandonment and isolation of Fistula Clients by spouses / partner and society
Authors: Malungo Jacob , Kasanda Goshon , Mijere Jenipher
Published: June 2019

Aims: The study investigated the extent to which women who had experienced fistula had been Ostracized or abandoned by spouses or partners.
Methods: Descriptive study
Results: Thirty-eighty per cent ((38) of the fistula victims were abandoned by their husbands or partners while sixty-two percent (62%) were not.  Fifty percent of those abandoned had no living children. This percent decreased with increasing number of children. The breakup in the marriage was more reported among spouses who did not have any living children. There were utterances to the effect that where divorce had not occurred, the men had married additional women or co-wives for them to enhance sexual intercourse and bear children. Spouses who did not abandon their wives fully took responsibility in taking care of them, including giving them medical and economic support.
Conclusions: There is marital break-up more on those who have not children. The family members took responsibility of those who had been abandoned by their spouses.
Vesico-Vaginal Fistula a leading cause of Traumatic Stress In sufferers
Authors: Ahmed Sadaf , Noushad Shamoon , Syed Shershah , Ahmed Faiza
Published: June 2019

Aims: To evaluate psychological constraints among patients presenting with vesico-vaginal fistula (VVF).
Methods: An Observational exploratory study was carried out to explore the experiences of women suffering from VVF. The study included 16 women hospitalized with the diagnosis of VVF at Kohi Goth Women's Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. All patients presenting with VVF were administered a structured questionnaire followed by an in-depth interview while Sadaf Stress Scale was utilized for the evaluation of psychological condition.
Results: The average age of patients was 25.4 years, range 24-30 years. A total of 5 patients were diagnosed with severe traumatic stress, only 1 patient was found in moderate level. While non to of the patients were unable to find proper mental health treatment due to poverty & illiteracy. Severity of traumatic stress was found greater in early years of the disease. All patients were affected by untrained Midwives.
Conclusions: VVF is leading to traumatic stress, if not treated in early stages could lead to post traumatic stress disorder. The need to empower patients to timely access standard maternity and emergency obstetric care & mental health care is recommended.
Profile of Obstetrics Fistula Clients; is the trend changing?
Authors: Morhason-Bello IO , Bello OO , Abduls-Salam RA , Babawarun TO , Lawal OO , Ojengbede AO
Published: June 2019

Aims: To assess the changes in the profiles of obstetric fistula clients.
Methods: This was a retrospective review of the medical records of all obstetric fistula clients managed by the Oyo state fistula team at University College Hospital and Adeoyo Maternity Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria.  A proforma was used to extract information on socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics of clients and was analyzed using SPSS 25.0. Level of significance was set at P <0.05.
Results: The median age and number of pregnancy with occurrence of fistula were 34 years and 2 respectively. Above a quarter (32.2%) had at least secondary level of education, three quarter (75.2%) were currently married and about half were traders. Only 20 (22%) booked the pregnancy that resulted in fistula with 44 (44.9%) delivering through cesarean section. Majority 70 (72.9%) of the fetuses were stillbirth.
Conclusions: The widely held believe of a typical obstetric patient still holds but substantial cases of fistula occurred in multiparous women and at older age.
Fistula Prevention Awareness Activities of Community Volunteerism Niger: A way to improve Access to Information and Care
Authors: Ibrahim Souley , Diop Ndeyi Altine , Mounkaila - , Traore Habsatou , Tripathi Vandana
Published: June 2019

Aims: To assess the effects of community volunteer (CV) activities on use of maternal and reproductive health services in Niger. The USAID-funded Fistula Care Plus Project (FC+) strengthens fistula prevention, detection, treatment and reintegration. In Niger, FC+ engaged CVs to increase facility delivery, promote pre- and post-natal care and to improve access to family planning (FP) in Tahoua and Maradi health districts.
Methods: FC+identified CVs and trained them to explain obstetric fistula, identify pregnancy danger signs, promote safe motherhood, and discuss male involvement. CVs provide community monitoring through household visits and awareness activities. CVs collect data on pregnant women, follow up on antenatal (ANC)/post-natal (PNC) visits, and provide counseling on all FP methods. We used routine facility data to summarize maternal health service usage in Tahoua and Maradi.
Results: 774 CVs were trained between March 2015 and April 2016; they held 9,999 community outreach events, reaching 98,654 individuals. The number of women completing their first ANC visit increased from 13,041 in 2015 to 14,978 in 2016 (15%). 12% and 25% increases were documented, respectively, for fourth ANC visit and PNC visit completion in 2016 relative to 2015.A 48% increase in new acceptors of long-acting FP methods also occurred. Data require standardization against population changes and triangulation with qualitative data from community stakeholders.
Conclusions: Engaging community volunteers may improve access to information and services, resulting in increased use of FP and maternal health care. A follow-up system to ensure continued engagement among stakeholders could promote sustainability.
Eradication of Neglected Surgical Diseases in Kenya: A Study Protocol
Authors: Jaymie Henry , Mwai Patrick , Waiguru Estella , Jani Pankaj
Published: June 2019

Aims: We aim to conduct a county-wide door to door identification, referral, and treatment of Neglected Surgical Diseases (NSDs) as a health systems strengthening activity.
Methods: To establish the true prevalence of NSDs and to pilot test an eradication strategy, a single-county door to door census will be conducted in a county in Kenya by community health workers (CHWs) utilizing a mobile app that categorizes six NSDs: obstetric fistula, cleft lip and palate, cataracts, clubfoot, hernia, and neglected injuries. A two-day training workshop on NSD identification was conducted. Prevalence data will be calculated. Identified cases will immediately be referred for treatment to established NGOs who will also train existing health workers in appropriate level district hospitals. 
Results: Meru County was identified as a pilot study area with a population of 1,517,077 people, 11 administrative sub-counties, and 45 wards. A total of 1,552 CHWs were identified. Demographic data on the number of patients with NSDs, the type of NSD, their contact details, geographical location as well as the contacts of the parent/guardian will be collected by trained research assistants. The data will be fed onto a dashboard that dynamically updates with each NSD identified to aid in tracking cases.
Use of Bladder diary as diagnostic and therapeutic tool for Overactive Bladder
Authors: Mohsin Raheela
Published: June 2019

Aims: To evaluate use of diary for teaching patient with overactive bladder and see its therapeutic effects in terms of reduction in their symptoms
Methods: A single-blind randomized clinical trial, regarding “Effects of Bladder Training and behavioral intervention in Female Patients with Over active Bladder syndrome, attending Urogynecology clinic at The Aga Khan University Hospital Karachi, Pakistan: A Randomized Controlled Trial (OAB) trial” We here present the additional conclusions drawn from results of ARM-1.Arm-1 patients were managed by behavioral intervention only and were asked to fill 7 days diary in 12 weeks .By using WHO software a minimum of 114 women needed to meet the study objectives. We recruited 50 women in each group (150 totals) as there was a possibility of drop out.We calculated the mean difference in fluid intake and reduction in urinary frequency, urgency, nocturia before and after educating the patient using the paired-T Test.
Results: A total of 47 women completed follow up visits for overactive bladder treatment ARM-A. (Mean ± SD) Mean fluid intake on first diary was 2392.9 ml while on last diary fluid intake was reduced to 177.1ml with mean fluid intake difference of 621.8ml+622.2(p<0.00).The mean reduction in frequency of micturition during day and nocturia was 2.9+2.7(P<0.00) and 0.59+ 0.99(p<0.00) respectively. The mean decrease in urgency score and reduction in leak accident was 1.19+1.2(p<0.00) and 0.9+0.95(p<0.00) respectively.
Conclusions: The bladder diary for women with OAB has both diagnostic and therapeutic effect. In developing countries it is an easy least expensive but time consuming method of treatment for simple cases of OAB.
Differential Effects of Low-Dose Erythropoietin in Rat Model of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Fouda Abdel-Motaal , Ashour Rehab H. , El-Banna Farida , Saad Mohamed A. , Mostafa Fatma A. , Fouda Manal I.
Published: June 2019

Background. Previous reports on the renoprotective effect of erythropoietin (EPO) in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have yielded conflicting results. The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of low, non-hematopoietic dose of EPO on the evolution of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in rat model. Methods. Low dose of recombinant human EPO (150 U/kg, s.c. three times/week) was given to streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats in two schedules; in the first one, EPO was given from day 2 after STZ injection till the end of the study (28 weeks) as prophylactic treatment; and in the other schedule EPO was given after development of DN (last 8 weeks) as therapeutic treatment. Albuminuria, blood pressure, creatinine clearance, renal venous oxygen tension (vPO2), plasma EPO, hematocrit and renal histopathology were assessed. Results. Unexpectedly, 28 weeks administration of EPO to diabetic rats led to aggravation of albuminuria and worsening of histopathological damage in spite of partial correction of renal hypoxia. Contrary to this, terminal 8 weeks EPO therapy of DN reduced albuminuria and demonstrated some favorable effects on biochemical changes and histologic picture. Conclusion. Low dose EPO exerted differential effects in rat model of DN according to treatment duration. In addition, findings of the present study warrants further investigations of the exact renoprotective role of EPO in diabetic patients with CKD who receive EPO therapy for long periods.
Migración, adolescencia y educación en Argentina
Authors: Cerrutti Marcela , Binstock Georgina
Published: June 2019

El presente trabajo se propone contribuir al conocimiento de los procesos de integración educativa de adolescentes inmigrantes e hijos de inmigrantes en Argentina. El objetivo general es examinar en qué medida el origen migratorio de los estudiantes tiene un impacto neto en los niveles de aprendizaje, es decir, con independencia de otros rasgos socioeconómicos, familiares, educativos e institucionales asociados. Asimismo, persigue explorar y comparar los procesos de integración educativa de estudiantes de la llamada primera y segunda generación inmigrante. Sobre la base de un análisis estadístico de los datos del dispositivo Aprender 2017, los resultados muestran la relevancia del origen, los factores socioeconómicos y la jurisdicción de emplazamiento de las escuelas en los puntajes obtenidos en los exámenes de matemática y lengua. Asimismo, se muestra una ventaja educativa por parte de la segunda generación con relación a los estudiantes extranjeros. El análisis multivariado permite apreciar que la desventaja que exhiben inmigrantes de algunos orígenes en los resultados de las pruebas Aprender se mitiga fuertemente una vez controlados los efectos de otros rasgos significativos que predicen resultados de aprendizaje. Los resultados llaman la atención sobre la relevancia de aspectos institucionales y de la heterogeneidad de los alumnos extranjeros para los estudios sobre integración educativa.
HUMAN RESOURCES AS A FACTOR OF PROVIDING UKRAINE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Stavnycha N. I.
Published: June 2019

The purpose of the article is to research and analyze indicators that directly effect on the level of country’s human resources development, and assessment of Ukraine’s rating place among other countries. The following methods of scientific research, such as generalization, comparison and analysis were used to achieve the goal.

The attention is focused on the fact that in conditions of post-industrial economy, the role of human and its knowledge increase, resulting in implementing the human development concept. This concept is aimed at forming measures to prevent the population impoverishment, unemployment, loss of health by stimulating human development, increasing its role in society, and, at the same time, increasing responsibility to society. The main task of the concept is to ensure the welfare of the person.

The article shows the comparative assessment of Ukraine’s ranking among other countries  according to the human development index and its components. The following indicators such as gross national income per capita, average and expected duration of training, average life expectancy at birth were analyzed.

It was agreed that economic ability to create and use human resources to a greater extent determines human well-being and is the main criteria for assessing the social security level. Since the background for well-being is income, education, and human health, social security becomes an integrating link between the modern concept of human development and the state social policy. In this manner, everything that reduces welfare, harms a particular person and society as a whole are factors that threaten social security. In this context human resources emerged as a key resource to the state development.
FINANCIAL CONTROL KEY ELEMENT TO PROVIDE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Demchuk N. I. , Tkachenko H. A.
Published: June 2019

The article considers the essence of financial control and its importance in ensuring the economic security of the enterprise. It has been established that financial control is an effective coordinating system for ensuring the interconnection between the formation of an information base, financial analysis, financial planning and internal financial control, which ensures concentration of control activities. In the most priority areas of financial activity of the enterprise, timely detection of deviations of its actual results from the foreseen and the adoption of operational management decisions that ensure its normalization.

The views of leading scientists concerning the definition of the concept of financial controlling and its key elements are researched. Also, the key financial control functions are analyzed and analyzed in the article.

Six main concepts of financial controlling used for realization of functions of financial control in crisis conditions of management. The concept of generation of integrated planning and control tools; concept of production, sale or service; the concept of taking into account the specifics of the enterprise; the concept of the orientation of the movement of funds; use of the tools of the concept of financial control as the basis for making managerial decisions; management concept and management decision making.

The effectiveness of the company in difficult conditions, and especially in the long run, means not just survival in the market, but also ensuring high rates of development and competitiveness, is determined by the level of financial potential and quality of financial management in the enterprise. Which is provided by a certain extent with the effective organization and implementation of the financial system controlling. The application of the financial controlling system at the enterprise will enable to prevent emergence of crises, to identify the causes of financial problems and to effectively search for solutions to them. the primary task of financial control is the maintenance of liquidity and solvency of an enterprise, which can be achieved under the condition of financial planning with the current analysis of financial sustainability.
FEATURES OF THEORETICAL AND STATISTICAL MODELING OF COBB–DOUGLAS PRODUCTION FUNCTIONS
Authors: Skvortsov I. B. , Kulyk M. A.
Published: June 2019

Traditionally, the analysis of the enterprise activity is carried out with a separate consideration of fixed assets and employees efficiency. But the complex modeling and research of these indicators and these processes are not executed. Therefore, there is a need to implement the transition to of  complex modelling and integrated research in the activity of the enterprise that can be implemented using the methodology of production functions. This is due to the fact that the methodology of production functions is the only classical model that makes it possible to comprehensively review and investigate the production activities of enterprises and industries. The main advantage of this model is that it analyzes the three most important factors of any production process - the value of fixed assets, the number of employees or the costs of labor in man-hours and the output in monetary or physical terms.
The purpose of the study is to substantiate theoretical methods for estimation production functions and to establish the causes of disagreements arising between them and statistical models.
In the study performed, the following tasks were solved:

the necessity of the transition from a separate analysis of the enterprise, when fixed assets and employees are considered separately, to their integrated consideration, that can be implemented using the methodology of production functions are justified;
the main shortcomings inherent in statistical models and in particular production functions are established;
theoretical methods of substantiation of indicators of the analytical (theoretical) production functions of Cobb-Douglas are applied.

A technique is proposed for the theoretical indication of the constituent elements of a production function - elasticity indicators α, β and coefficient A. Next, the Cobb-Douglas analytical production function is determined and investigated. The next and final stage is the analysis of discrepancies that are observed in the analytical and statistical functions.
The proposed methodology of modeling and planning for the development of an enterprise, which uses analytical production functions, significantly improves the reliability of decisions made, since it largely eliminates the shortcomings inherent in statistical functions.
Approche syndromique multiplexe en réanimation
Authors: Visseaux B. , Armand-Lefèvre L.
Published: June 2019

Le développement récent des nouveaux tests de diagnostic rapide par PCR multiplexe à visée syndromique, capables de détecter plusieurs dizaines de pathogènes en quelques heures, a entraîné un changement de paradigme en microbiologie et en pratique clinique. Plusieurs d’entre eux, comme les panels pour détecter les germes en cause dans les bactériémies, les infections respiratoires hautes ou basses et les méningoencéphalites, sont déjà disponibles et peuvent apporter une aide dans le diagnostic des infections chez les patients de réanimation. Bien que ces nouvelles techniques présentent des avantages évidents pour le dénombrement de micro-organismes et parfois pour la détection simultanée de gènes de résistance, pour les délais d’exécution et de rendus de résultats, elles présentent cependant certains défis, comme l’évaluation de leurs performances réelles, leur coût très élevé, le choix des stratégies d’utilisation et l’interprétation clinicobiologique des résultats. Dans cet article, nous avons passé en revue les différents tests qui peuvent ou pourront aider les réanimateurs dans leur pratique quotidienne, relevé leurs limites et leur impact bénéfique potentiel sur le soin des patients.
Moving-with-Others
Authors: Gaibazzi Paolo
Published: June 2019

The article argues for an intersubjective understanding of mobility among aspirant migrants in the Gambia. Among other factors, Gambian young men’s desire to reach Europe and other destinations may stem from an experience of dispersal and abandonment in migrant households. Emigration becomes a way of restoring the viability of relationships, in a socioeconomic sense of regenerating ties and flows between migrants and nonmigrants, as well as in an existential-kinetic sense of experiencing others as moving closer to oneself. By highlighting intersubjective mobility, the article contributes to widening the scope of an existential take on movement and stasis. It further revises popular and scholarly views on the role of families and migrants in shaping aspirations to emigrate.
Regulatory Standards and Work Safety: A Review of Literature and Research Directions
Authors: Menegon Bristot Vilson , Aline Borges Gabriela , Pedro Guimarães Filho Leopoldo , Cleber Gonçalves Junior Antônio , Brogni Uggioni Bruno , Menegon Bristot Vilmar
Published: June 2019

Since the first initiatives related to health and safety at work there has been a lot of progress in this area. However, there is still a lot to be improved, especially in Brazil, since the country is among the countries with the highest number of accidents at work and in academic terms, represents a low participation in the scientific production in the area. Thus, given the context, this article aims to review the literature on regulatory norms and occupational safety, identifying gaps and research opportunities related to the area. The results indicate an increase in the relevance of the theme, however the majority of the studies present a fragmented and punctual approach. Regulatory norms 15 and 32 were the most frequent, and the industrial and health sectors were the predominant ones.
Chondroblastoma-like mass of the temporal bone, secondary aneurysmal bone cyst, and intracerebral hemorrhage in a patient with cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome: case report
Authors: Rotman Lauren E. , Hackney James R. , McGrew Benjamin M. , Fisher Winfield S. , Rozzelle Curtis J.
Published: June 2019

Cardiofaciocutaneous syndrome (CFCS) is a rare developmental disorder that is phenotypically similar to Noonan syndrome and is associated with mutations in BRAF, MEK1, MEK2, and KRAS. The relationship between malignancy risk and CFCS is unclear with few cases published in the literature. The purpose of this paper is to describe the case of a patient with CFCS presenting in extremis as a result of a large intracerebral hemorrhage arising from a temporal bone mass with histopathology most consistent with chondroblastoma and secondary aneurysmal bone cyst. This is the first case to document an association between CFCS and chondroblastoma.
Long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy: does brain MRI lesion matter?
Authors: Arya Ravindra , Mangano Francesco T. , Horn Paul S. , Kaul Sabrina K. , Kaul Serena K. , Roth Celie , Leach James L. , Turner Michele , Holland Katherine D. , Greiner Hansel M.
Published: June 2019

OBJECTIVE

There is emerging data that adults with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) without a discrete lesion on brain MRI have surgical outcomes comparable to those with hippocampal sclerosis (HS). However, pediatric TLE is different from its adult counterpart. In this study, the authors investigated if the presence of a potentially epileptogenic lesion on presurgical brain MRI influences the long-term seizure outcomes after pediatric temporal lobectomy.

METHODS

Children who underwent temporal lobectomy between 2007 and 2015 and had at least 1 year of seizure outcomes data were identified. These were classified into lesional and MRI-negative groups based on whether an epilepsy-protocol brain MRI showed a lesion sufficiently specific to guide surgical decisions. These patients were also categorized into pure TLE and temporal plus epilepsies based on the neurophysiological localization of the seizure-onset zone. Seizure outcomes at each follow-up visit were incorporated into a repeated-measures generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) with MRI status as a grouping variable. Clinical variables were incorporated into GLMM as covariates.

RESULTS

One hundred nine patients (44 females) were included, aged 5 to 21 years, and were classified as lesional (73%), MRI negative (27%), pure TLE (56%), and temporal plus (44%). After a mean follow-up of 3.2 years (range 1.2–8.8 years), 66% of the patients were seizure free for ≥ 1 year at last follow-up. GLMM analysis revealed that lesional patients were more likely to be seizure free over the long term compared to MRI-negative patients for the overall cohort (OR 2.58, p < 0.0001) and for temporal plus epilepsies (OR 1.85, p = 0.0052). The effect of MRI lesion was not significant for pure TLE (OR 2.64, p = 0.0635). Concordance of ictal electroencephalography (OR 3.46, p < 0.0001), magnetoencephalography (OR 4.26, p < 0.0001), and later age of seizure onset (OR 1.05, p = 0.0091) were associated with a higher likelihood of seizure freedom. The most common histological findings included cortical dysplasia types 1B and 2A, HS (40% with dual pathology), and tuberous sclerosis.

CONCLUSIONS

A lesion on presurgical brain MRI is an important determinant of long-term seizure freedom after pediatric temporal lobectomy. Pediatric TLE is heterogeneous regarding etiologies and organization of seizure-onset zones with many patients qualifying for temporal plus nosology. The presence of an MRI lesion determined seizure outcomes in patients with temporal plus epilepsies. However, pure TLE had comparable surgical seizure outcomes for lesional and MRI-negative groups.
LONG TERM RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CDS AND CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES: THE TURKISH CASE
Authors: BOZKUŞ KAHYAOĞLU Sezer
Published: June 2019

The main
objective of this study is to analyze the long-term relationship between
exchange rate and credit default swaps (CDS) based on high frequency time
series as representative of Turkey's risk premium. In general, the long-term
relationship describes a long period of time in the literature. However,
although the time periods used in the testing of financial and economic
hypotheses have taken a long period of time, the use of new techniques is
needed due to the high frequencies. In the analysis of long-term relationships
with high-frequency time series, the transition and the continuity of the
shocks should be considered together. Therefore, in this study, partial
integration method considering these two features was used as an analysis tool.
The most important feature of the analysis is that it gives information about
the long term relationship based on these properties. This information is a
random process based on the tendency to revert to the mean in the period
covered and is the result of the applied test. Hence,
the relationship between variables, namely exchange rates and Turkey's CDS, are
analyzed by using non-linear causality tests. Thus, it is also analyzed whether
the effects such as jump and break on these variables change over time. Policy
recommendations are made for Turkey based on the empirical findings to
contribute to the relevant literature.
TÜKETİCİLERİN GÖSTERİŞÇİ TÜKETİME YÖNELİK TUTUMLARINA GÖRE SINIFLANDIRILMASI
Authors: ŞAHİN Onur , NASIR Süphan
Published: June 2019

Gösterişçi

tüketim davranışı sosyal, demografik, kültürel, ekonomik, coğrafik ve

psikolojik birçok faktörden etkilenmektedir. Tüketici davranışını etkileyen

faktörlerin değişmesiyle birlikte tüketici davranış biçimleri de değişmektedir.

Bu nedenle tüketicilerin gösterişçi tüketim tutumları arasındaki farklılıkların

ortaya koyulması pazarlama açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı tüketicileri gösterişçi tüketime yönlendiren

motivasyon unsurlarının incelenmesi ve tüketicilerin gösterişçi tüketime

yönelik tutumlarına göre sınıflandırılmasıdır. Bu bağlamda

tüketicilerin

gösterişçi tüketime yönelik tutumlarının belirlenmesi amacıyla anket

yapılmıştır. 13 ifadeli gösterişçi tüketim ölçeği anketi 990 kişi tarafından

yanıtlanmıştır. Tüketicilerin gösterişçi tüketime yönelik tutumlarının

sınıflandırılması amacıyla kümeleme analizi uygulanmıştır ve gösterişçi tüketime

yönelik birbirinden ayrışan dört farklı tüketici profili ortaya koyulmuştur:

Gösterişten uzak tüketiciler, sosyal ortama uyan tüketiciler, farklı olmak

isteyen tüketiciler ve gösterişçi tüketiciler.
II. MEŞRUTİYET DÖNEMİ OSMANLI BASININDA TÜTÜN TARIMI VE REJİ ŞİRKETİ
Authors: DEMİR Kenan
Published: June 2019

Tütün Amerika kıtasının keşfiyle bilinmeye başlanmış
ve kısa sürede tüm dünyada üretimine başlanmıştır. Tütün ekimine, Osmanlı
devletinde 17. yüzyıl başlarında yapılmaya başlanmış ve kısa sürede tüm
bölgelere yayılmıştır. Tütün tarımının Osmanlı’da yaygınlaşması sonucu tütün
tarımı çiftçilerin önemli bir geçim kaynağı olmuş ve devlet de tütün tarımından
önemli bir gelir elde etmeye başlamıştır. 1875 senesinde ilan edilen moratoryum
ile Osmanlı devleti yapmış olduğu borçlanmaların geri ödemelerinin
yapamayacağını ilan etmiştir. Bu moratoryumdan sonra alacaklılar Osmanlı devletinin
önemli gelir kaynaklarını kontrol edecek olan Duyun-ı Umumiye İdaresi’ni
kurmuşlardır. Duyun-ı Umumiye İdaresi’nin kontrol edeceği gelir kaynaklarından
biri de tütün tarımıdır. Duyun-ı Umumiye İdaresi tütün gelirlerini daha iyi
yönetmek amacıyla 1884 senesinde
Viyana’dan Credit Ansalt, Berlin’den Banker Bleichröder ve Osmanlı Bankası (Şenel, 2018: 271-291) ortaklığında Reji Şirketi’ni
kurmuştur.  Tütün geliri Reji Şirketi,
Duyun-ı Umumiye İdaresi ve Osmanlı devleti arasında pay edilecekti. Reji Şirketi’nin
kurulmasıyla Osmanlı’da tütün ekimi, ticareti ve imali 30 yıllığına bu şirkete
tekel olarak verilmişti. Reji’nin kurulmasıyla birlikte tütün tarımında büyük
sorunlar ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu sorunların nedeni Reji’nin kendi şirket çıkarı
doğrultusunda tütün tarımını yönetmesiydi. Reji tütün tarımını kontrol etmek
amacıyla tütün tarımına sınırlamalar getirmesi ve düşük fiyat politikası
uygulaması sonucu çiftçiler, üretimlerini Reji’ye satmaktan ziyade kaçak
yollarla satmayı tercih etmiştir. Bu da ülkede tütün kaçakçılığın yaygınlaşmasına
neden olmuş ve Reji’nin kaçakçılıkla mücadele etmek için kurduğu kolculuk
teşkilatı nedeniyle ülkede daha büyük sorunlar yaşanmıştır. On binlerce Osmanlı
vatandaşı kolcular tarafından öldürülmüştür. Reji Şirketi’nin kurulmasıyla
birlikte dönemin basınında Reji hakkında birçok yazı görülmeye başlamıştır. Bu
çalışmada II. Meşrutiyet sonrası Osmanlı basınında tütün tarımı ve Reji
hakkında görülen yazılar incelenmiştir. Bu yazılarda Reji’nin Osmanlı tarımına
olan zararları anlatılmış ve Reji Şirketi’nin görev süresinin bitmesinin yakın
olması nedeniyle bu şirketle tekrar anlaşma yapılmaması istenmiştir. Ayrıca tekel
yönetimin ülkede tütün tarımını geliştirmesi için uygun bir politika olmadığı
vurgulanmıştır.
Eurasia large-scale hazes in summer 2016
Authors: Gorchakov G. I. , Sitnov S. A. , Karpov A. V. , Gorchakova I. A. , Gushchin R. A. , Datsenko O. I.
Published: June 2019

Using maximum aerosol optical depth (MAOD) spatial distribution formation technique the optically dense haze expansion scales in period from 15 to 31 July 2016 over Eurasia are estimated in during great Siberian smoke haze (SSH) with the area 16 mln km2 about, smog over the Northern China Plain (2 mln km2), dust haze in Takla Makan desert (0.8 mln km2) and hazes in India and Pakistan (1 mln km2 approximately). Empirical distribution function (EDF) MAOD is received which is approximated by linear function of MAOD logarithm. Aerosol optical depth (AOD) spatial distribution at wavelength 550 nm in SSH is analyzed. Total smoke aerosol mass assessment in SSH (3.2 mln tons) is evaluated. Smoke aerosol (SA) mass during maximum growth period from 22 July to 26 July 2016 over Siberia (50°-70°, 60°-120 °E) was equal 2 mln tons approximately. Aerosol index (AI) temporal variability is illustrated visually SA composition qualitative change in SSH during long-range transport. It is shown that AI variations are correlated with AOD variations. Aerosol radiative forcing (ARF) at the top and the bottom of the atmosphere over Siberia from 22 July to 26 July 2016 is estimated (average ARF are equal –68 and –98 W/m2). EDF AOD and EDF ARF at the top of the atmosphere are approximated by exponential and power function of AOD correspondingly.
Application of the data of space decoding for the study of ore-controlling structures of the Lebedinsky ore-placer cluster, South Yakutia
Authors: Kuprikov D. N. , Vikentyev I. V.
Published: June 2019

New data about the ore-controlling structures of the Lebedinsky ore-pleaser cluster have been obtained on the basis of space decoding. A stadial analysis of the territory from the ore cluster scale to the ore body (the Myatezhnaya zone) was carried out, as a result of which the position of this zone was clarified. The major ore-hosting structures were identified by space images decoding, and the local structures were revealed by detailed study, and these latter were certified in the course of geological routes with sampling identified for detailed study. Based on the positive results of testing and identification of the mineralization accompanying metasomatic zones were laid mine workings – a trench and several drill holes. As a result of the mining operations, the presence of the ore zone was confirmed; the forecast gold resources for the categories P1 and P2 were tested.
Steady state types for CSTR. Heterogeneous system liquid - liquid
Authors: Samoylenko N. G. , Shatunova E. N. , Shkadinskiy K. G. , Korsunskiy B. L. , Berlin A. A.
Published: June 2019

For a heterogeneous liquid - liquid system in which an exothermal reaction takes place, the topology and stability of the steady states of CSTR are investigated. It is shown that the thermal effect of the reaction, the magnitude of the energy barrier and the intensity of mass transfer strongly influence the type of steady state that arises. In this case, a change in the topological picture occurs through degenerate steady states.
Luciferin-luciferase system of marine polychaete Chaetopterus variopedatus
Authors: Purtov К. V. , Petushkov V. N. , Rodionova N. S. , Pakhomova V. G. , Myasnyanko I. N. , Myshkina N. M. , Tsarkova A. S. , Gitelson J. I.
Published: June 2019

This paper presents the preliminary results of the Chaetopterus variopedatus bioluminescent system separation into luciferin and luciferase and a brief description of some their properties.
A. YA. Kolpashnikov, an academic engraver
Authors: Smagina G. I.
Published: June 2019

To commemorate the 275th anniversary of his birth, this paper presents a biography of Alexey Ya. Kolpashnikov (1744–1814), a copper-plate engraver, whose work was closely associated with the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. The main stages of this outstanding craftsman’s professional life are considered in the broader context of the history of one of the oldest departments of the Academy – the Engraving Chamber. His illustrations supporting numerous scientific writings contributed to popularizing Russian scientific achievements, and his portraits of statesmen and scientists became a noticeable phenomenon of Russian art.