bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Automatic solar-based pet food dispenser system
Authors: Woo Wong Sie , Ling Sylvia Ong Ai , Fang Faustina Liew Ai
Published: January 2024

For the majority of people, having a pet is always simple, but caring for it will always be a pain in the neck since pet owners must devote a whole time to meeting the pet’s demands, which include food, shelter, medical care, love and attention. Nowadays, feeding is one of the most frequent issues that pet owners’ encounter due to heavy work schedule. As a result, the automatic solar-powered pet food dispenser system is useful for assisting pet owners in caring for their pet’s needs when they are away from home or on the road. This automatic pet feeder proposes a simple automatic pet food dispenser controlled using the Arduino as the main controller. DS3231 Real Time Clock (RTC) module that can assist in automatically giving the pets the right mealtime was employed. This helps the food dispensing process without the owner’s presence, which is unlike the manual pet feeding product. The project ensures that the pets are fed on schedule and that the amount of food released is controlled appropriately. Also, this project will employ solar energy as a green energy source for sustainable development. This project can feed the pets 20 grams or less pet food in a single meal, according to the servo motor rotation setting activated by the Arduino.
Analysis of the influence of the stress-strain state of oil and gas equipment metal on the parameters of electromagnetic-acoustic conversion
Authors: Bashirov M.G. , Bashirova E.M. , Yusupova I.G. , Akchurin D.Sh.
Published: January 2024

In the oil and gas industry, to assess the technical condition of equipment, diagnostic methods and tools are used aimed at identifying defects that are unacceptable, according to regulatory documents. In places where mechanical stress is concentrated, microdefects in the metal structure arise, which, under the influence of static and dynamic loads, develop into macrodefects that cause equipment destruction. To identify areas of concentration of mechanical stress and localize metal microdamages, it is proposed to use a non-contact, high-performance electromagnetic-acoustic diagnostic method. But existing electromagnetic-acoustic diagnostic tools lack sensitivity and information content. The article provides an analysis of the influence of the stress-strain state of the metal on the parameters of electromagnetic-acoustic transformation in order to identify additional informative parameters and methods for their processing to solve the problem of identifying the stress-strain state and damage to the metal structure of oil and gas equipment.
Use of composites to control bottomhole zones at high reservoir temperatures
Authors: Veliyev Elshad , Viet Le , Mukhametshin Vyacheslav V. , Veliyev Mubariz , Zung Kuok
Published: January 2024

It is found that one of the ways to increase the depth of penetration, as well as to prevent the formation of sediments, is the use of systems that contribute to the generating formation of hydrofluoric acid in reservoirs due to the ability to maintain a limited concentration of hydrofluoric acid over time. It is shown that the method of generating formation of hydrofluoric acid based on chelate compounds and ammonium hydrofluoride is a simultaneous solution to the problems associated with high temperature and the formation of secondary precipitates. Due to the strong properties of chelate compounds, some of them, which are adsorbed on the surface of the formation of the bottomhole zone, play the role of an inhibitor of salt deposition and protect the bottomhole zone from contamination with inorganic salts for a long time.
Technical and technological justification of repair and insulation works at oil fields of the Republic of Tatarstan using special compositions
Authors: Kadyrov Ramsis , Mukhametshin Vyacheslav V. , Gilyazetdinov Ruslan , Kobishcha Dina
Published: January 2024

In the work, the authors touched upon the problem of implementing effective works to limit water inflow in the conditions of oil field development at the final stage. The analysis of the main technologies used for repair and insulation works was carried out, based on which their insignificant efficiency was established, which is reflected in the coefficient of well operation. Based on laboratory studies, experiments were conducted to find the optimal composition for insulation work in the oil fields of the Republic of Tatarstan. Based on the above, the optimal composition of the working substance for repair and insulation has been obtained, which, at low cost, is highly resistant to various external influences, including high thermobaric parameters.
Trends in the design and development of the infrastructure of electric filling stations
Authors: Merenkov Artem , Grishkina Anna
Published: January 2024

The article addresses trends in the design and development of infrastructure of charging stations. The article analyzes international experience of the development of electric transport (Germany, Great Britain, China). National concepts, principles of production development, as well as private business in this aspect are analyzed. A separate emphasis is placed on the fleet of electric vehicles, the most developed market segments (passenger cars, buses, commercial vehicles) are discussed. Problematic issues and stop factors in the development of electric transport are emphasized. Scientific novelty based on defining components of the development of charging infrastructur, practical recommendations for the development of infrastructure for electric transport and formulation practical recommendations on creating a network of charging stations along federal highways, as well as roadside service facilities.
Traditional nature management as a way to prevent the loss of wildlife species in a changing environment
Authors: Nekrich Alina
Published: January 2024

Wildlife species of tundra and sub-arctic boreal regions are facing an immediate threat to its existence owning to environmental changes. This paper highlights how traditional nature management in northwestern Russia and northeastern Canada is able to reduce threats to the environment, focusing on vulnerability of biodiversity to changing climatic conditions. The goal of this study is to identify key areas of wildlife species loss during a changing climate by exploring the ability of traditional nature management to support environmentally sustainable habitats for the existence of the most typical biomes of tundra and sub-arctic boreal landscapes. The differentiating biodiversity method was used to determinate presence of rare species as a criterion of non-disturbed areas. This research is based on statistical data on biodiversity dynamics, meteorological data, reports on environmental conditions, cartographic materials, satellite images collected from open sources, and fieldworks. The author indicates non-disturbed sites in terms of biological resources protection in the studied regions. Obtained results confirm that on territories where traditional nature management is carried out, the reduction of biodiversity is much lower than on areas located in equal environmental conditions.
Distribution ofAcer negundoL. in the Karasye-Ozersky forest park of Yekaterinburg
Authors: Tishkina Elena , Semkina Lydia , Morozova Anastasia , Petunina Alexandra
Published: January 2024

The article is devoted to invasions ofAcer negundoL. 1753 in the forest park area of Yekaterinburg (Russia) based on population (age and vitality structure) and organismal parameters (morphometric indicators). The purpose of the work was to study the invasion of ashleaved maple in the forest park area of Yekaterinburg; the objectives of the study included the following tasks: establishing the ecological-cenotic location of the maple and studying the biological characteristics of the species during its distribution. The objects of the study were eight maple habitats in the Karasye-Ozersky forest park. In ontogenetic development, one life form is identified - a single-stem tree, two periods are defined - pregenerative and generative, and five ontogenetic states. All habitats are young, i.e. are at the initial stage of introduction, however, there are common features of invasion. Distribution begins from open edges, gradually penetrating under the forest canopy, while having high shade tolerance, seed productivity and growth rate,Acernegundoforms multitiered thickets, displacing and complicating the self-restoration of native flora in the Karasye-Ozersky Forest Park. Despite the wide range of distribution of maple in natural and anthropogenic ecosystems, there is an ecological and phytocenotic confinement to it in the forest park, and it is manifested in its distribution mainly in pine forests of mixed herbs with a tree canopy density of 0.5. The established patterns indicate a pronounced expansion of the species and its significant invasive potential.
Role of bioproducts in the improvement of soybean productivity
Authors: Syrmolot Oksana , Telichko Ol’ga , Belova Tat’yana , Lastushkina Elena
Published: January 2024

The paper studies the influence of bioproducts on soybean plants under the conditions of Primorsky kray. The research was conducted on released soybean variety Primorskaya 86. The research evaluates the efficacy of bioproducts Biocomposite correct, Rhizoform + Static, and plant biostimulator Biosteam Start. The variant with inoculant Rhizoform + Static (seed treatment) had 20% efficacy against Septoria blight. The highest biological efficacy (50.8%) against downy mildew was observed in the variant with Biocomposite-correct and biostimulator Biosteam Start + foliar treatment with Biocomposite-correct. The studied products had a positive effect on the morphometric characteristics of soybean plants. The maximum gain in plant height was noted in the variant with Rhizoform + Static (48.3 cm) at the flowering stage compared to the control (33.2 cm). Using the products increased the number of nodules relative to the control (56.9 pcs.). The highest number of nodules was observed after seed treatment with Rhizoform + Static (77.6 pcs.). The largest grains formed after seed treatment with Rhizoform + Static (203.3 g) (the TKW was 159.4 g in the control variant). Biological yield varied from 3.3 t/ha (seed treatment with Biocomposite-correct + seed treatment with Biosteam Start + foliar treatment with Biocomposite-correct) to 3.8 t/ha (seed treatment with Rhizoform + Static) among variants compared to 2.5 t/ha in the control. The research results allowed us to conclude that the studied bioproducts and biostimulator were effective in increasing the productivity of soybean plants.
„Die Homöopathie ist eine Methode, die wahnsinnig
interessant, vielseitig und effektiv ist“
Authors: Gebhardt Karl-Heinz , Schmidt Robert
Published: January 2024

Im Mai 2023 interviewte Robert Schmidt Herrn Dr. Karl-Heinz Gebhardt online im
Rahmen des Deutschen Ärztekongresses für Homöopathie.
Das Gespräch wird hier wiedergegeben.
Ein Diskussionsbeitrag zur quellenkritischen Übersetzung der
Materia medica
Authors: Mickler Thomas , Schäferkordt Rainer , Lucae Christian
Published: January 2024

Im Aufsatz „Fohlenlähme beim Esel“ (AHZ 2/2023)
wurde die Analysemethode mit „Phenomena“ („Repertorium
der Phänomene“) demonstriert. Ein Leserbrief dazu diskutiert die
Schwierigkeiten einer korrekten, quellenkritischen Übersetzung von
Symptomen aus der homöopathischen Materia medica. Der Autor entgegnet
mit einer ausführlichen Stellungnahme und erklärt die
Kompromisse, die hierbei zwangläufig eingegangen werden
müssen.
Homöopathie am Lebensende
Authors: Wegener Andreas
Published: January 2024

Auch beim letzten Lebensabschnitt kann die Homöopathie wertvolle
Unterstützung geben. Es werden einige Mittel vorgestellt, die in der
Sterbephase häufig angezeigt sind. In den Stunden vor dem Tod ist oft
ein einzelnes Mittel indiziert. In den Wochen davor ist die Behandlung bei
schweren pathologischen Zuständen komplexer. Durch neu auftretende
Symptome wird ein Mittelwechsel notwendig. Dabei müssen die Regeln
für Folgemittel beachtet werden.
Miller Fisher Variant of Guillain-Barre Syndrome Secondary to Pulmonary Tuberculosis: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Tatikonda Chandra M. , Juvvadi Kaushik R. , Panda Sagarika , Mishra Shakti B. , Dash Abhilash
Published: January 2024

Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is one of the common causes for acute flaccid paralysis in adults and mostly preceded by infection. Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) is a rare variant of GBS with incidence of 1 to 2 in 1,000,000. This syndrome has a triad of ataxia, areflexia, and ophthalmoplegia and diagnosed when two out above three features are present. It usually preceded by viral infection, most commonly Campylobacter jejuni, cytomegalovirus, and Epstein–Barr virus. However, it is very rarely reported in pulmonary tuberculosis. The pathogenesis involves an aberrant immune response due to molecular mimicry against myelin gangliosides. Hereby we are presenting an unusual case of MFS variant of GBS associated with pulmonary tuberculosis.
Ventricular Tachycardia after Submucosal Infiltration of Lignocaine 2% with Adrenaline in Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery Under Desflurane Anesthesia
Authors: Naik Shweta S. , Surve Rohini M. , Krishnakumar Mathangi
Published: January 2024

Infiltrative analgesia of the nasal cavity using a local anesthetic combined with a potent vasopressor like adrenaline is a well-accepted method for transnasal endoscopic approach in neurosurgeries under general anesthesia. The main purpose of vasoconstrictors in transnasal surgery is to cause blanching of mucosa and reducing bleeding. Although it can reduce the systemic absorption and potential systemic toxicity of a local anesthetic, there can be systemic absorption of the vasoconstrictor itself. Desflurane can further potentiate the arrhythmogenicity of lignocaine with adrenaline by causing QTc prolongation. We report a case of transient ventricular tachycardia in a patient following nasal infiltration with lignocaine adrenaline under desflurane anesthesia.
A Large Mandibular Anterior Swelling—A Diagnostic Dilemma: A Case Report
Authors: Sonar Prasanna R. , Panchbhai Aarati S. , Dangore Suwarna B.
Published: January 2024

Hybrid lesions are lesions that combine characteristics of many pathologies. The literature has shown a rare relationship between aneurysmal bone cysts, fibro-osseous lesions, and a central giant cell lesion. In this case, we describe an unusual hybrid lesion in the mandibular anterior area. As a result, the goal of this article is to highlight the significance of comprehensive clinical, radiographic, and histological investigation in addition to presenting a rare instance of hybrid lesion. This will lessen the likelihood of misdiagnosis in these situations and aid in prompt treatment planning of the lesion.
Acting as if: the utopian political thought and actions of the US disability rights movement
Authors: Vogler Gisli
Published: January 2024

This article studies the response of the US disability community to the prevalent assumption that disabled people do not have a future, in the form of the disability rights movement. It provides an exploratory discussion of the key role played by utopianism in the response. In doing so, the article adds to critical theorizing on the importance of utopia to the oppression of non-dominant groups and to transcending that oppression. I use utopian studies scholarship to interpret the activities leading up to the passing of the Americans with Disabilities Act in 1990 as a minor utopia, characterized by an ambiguous, grounded, and provisional effort to imagine alternative ways of being. I articulate the central role played by a positive vision of disability and disabled people for this inversion of the historically negative relationship between utopia and disability. The article turns to disability activists to show that the movement countered exclusionary utopian approaches by acting as if it had a right to envision and enact a different, better future for all from the perspective of disability and disabled people.
Ambient formation of high pressure Ag2Si2O5 and non-stoichiometric Ag0.3Al0.7 alloy under confinement
Authors: Pramanik Subrata , Mukhopadhyay Mrinmay Kumar , Biswas Ripan Kumar , Ghosh Jiten , Datta Alokmay
Published: January 2024

We report results of Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-rays (EDAX), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray Reflectivity (XRR), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and residual stress measurement studies of Ag-silica composite films on Al(001) co-deposited from precursors and spin-coated at different frequencies under ambient conditions. FESEM and EDAX show Ag nanoparticle formation, and XRD, XPS, and XRR show Ag0.3Al0.7 alloy and Ag-rich silicate Ag2Si2O5 formation in all samples. The alloy is non-stoichiometric and non-equilibrium, while the silicate forms at high oxygen pressure. XRR shows the presence of three layers, nanoparticles on top, silicate in the middle, and alloy at the bottom, on an Ag-doped Al substrate. Film thickness decreases exponentially with frequency. Individual layers increase in crystal domain size with a frequency of 3000 rpm when the silicate layer thins below unit cell thickness and the growth has a two-dimensional preference. Our results suggest total confinement by film thinning and local confinement from the Ag nanolayer. Residual stress measurements on the films deposited at 500 and 5000 rpms show a gradual increase in the tensile stress. The increase in spinning frequency reveals the formation of high pressure ambience.
Optimization of wire spark erosion machining of Grade 9 titanium alloy (Grade 9) using a hybrid learning algorithm
Authors: Natarajan Manikandan , Pasupuleti Thejasree , Giri Jayant , Al-Lohedan Hamad A. , Katta Lakshmi Narasimhamu , Mohammad Faruq , Sunheriya Neeraj , Chadge Rajkumar , Mahatme Chetan , Giri Pallavi , Mallik Saurav , Sathish T.
Published: January 2024

Manufacturing has grown challenging because of the increased usage of harder materials, such as titanium alloys, in many industries, such as aerospace, automobiles, and marine. Conventional material removal procedures are not suitable for these tough materials due to their increased hardness and slow machinability. Wire Electrical discharge machining (WEDM) is a modern approach for material removal, particularly for harder materials, such as titanium alloys, nickel alloys, hard particle reinforced metal matrix composites, etc. The research design was performed by deeming the independent factors, such as duration of pulse and applied current. The removal rate of material, surface roughness of the machined region, dimensional deviation, and tolerance errors in form/orientation are considered performance metrics. Taguchi’s approach was engaged to assess the process variables, and the importance of the process factors was established using analysis of variance approach. The purpose of this research is to create an AI based decision making tool, which can be utilized to anticipate the various parameters that impact the WEDM material removal process. The discoveries of the present exploration allowing the manufacturers to make better-informed decisions with a developed model’s capability by demonstrating that the model’s predicted values were in close confirmation to the actual values.
Subdivision collocation method for numerical treatment of regularized long wave (RLW) equation
Authors: Ejaz Syeda Tehmina , Qamar Syeda Asma , Akgül Ali , Hassani Murad Khan
Published: January 2024

This research project introduces a novel computational approach for solving the regularized long wave equation. The proposed method utilizes a subdivision scheme with appropriate basis functions to transform the equation into a system of linear algebraic equations. A suitable numerical technique is employed to compute the solution of the transformed equations. Theoretical analysis of stability and error for the proposed method is also conducted. Furthermore, the invariants of three physical properties, waves, mass (M), momentum (P), and energy (ɛ), are calculated. Additionally, numerical evidence is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the method. The results of the numerical experiments confirm the efficiency and high accuracy of the proposed method. Moreover, the numerical results of the invariants validate the conservation laws and align with the theoretical results.
Fabrication of small-period neutron absorption grating by pressurized particle filling method
Authors: Guo Chenfei , Chen Lijuan , Zhang Kuanqiang , Ding Xu , Xiong Ying , Guan Yong , Wu Zhao , Tian Yangchao , Liu Gang
Published: January 2024

Neutron absorption gratings play a crucial role in neutron phase contrast imaging systems, where the fabrication of large-size and small-period absorption gratings that meet imaging requirements presents a significant challenge. The pressurized particle filling method has been successfully applied to fabricate large-size absorption gratings. Here, we investigated the feasibility of the pressurized particle filling method for fabricating small-period gratings and proposed an optimized pressurized particle filling method. The grating surface was covered with a uniform particle layer and then pressurized, utilizing the adaptive deformation of the particle layer to achieve uniform particle filling. Neutron absorption gratings with an area of 60 × 60 mm2 and periods of 8 and 4 µm were fabricated through this method. The particle filling rate and fabrication efficiency were successfully improved. In addition, the evaluation of the particle filling uniformity method by analyzing the proportion of particles on the grating surface was proposed. The better uniformity of small-period neutron absorption gratings indicated that the optimized pressurized particle filling method can achieve relatively uniform particle filling.
Synthesis of CoFe2O4/mesoporous-carbon hybrid nanocomposite with enhanced microwave absorption in K and Ka-band
Authors: Pantola Pooja , Kumar Sunil , Chaudhary Deepti , Agarwal Pooja , Kuanr Bijoy Kumar
Published: January 2024

In the present investigation, CoFe2O4/mesoporous-carbon nanocomposites were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal method and demonstrate their dual band (K and Ka-band) microwave absorption properties, where radiation from high-resolution and close-range radars, space telescopes, and wireless point-to-point microwave communication systems populates. XRD results confirmed the pure phase formation of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Vibrating sample magnetometer shows a decrease in magnetization value for CoFe2O4/mesoporous-carbon nanocomposites that can be attributed to the increasing contents of non-magnetic mesoporous carbon. The reflection loss of the hybrid nanocomposite reached −31 dB at a matching thickness of 2.5 mm and effective absorption bandwidth was 4.4 GHz. The enhanced microwave absorption properties derive from the synergistic effect amid dielectric and magnetic loss of mesoporous-carbon and ferrite, respectively, and better impendence matching at their interface. In addition, the dielectric loss can be associated with polarization relaxation and mesoporous carbon conductivity and the magnetic loss arises from the natural resonance of ferrite materials. The high reflection loss and wide absorption bandwidth display that CoFe2O4/mesoporous-carbon nanocomposite having admirable microwave absorption performances can be a capable candidate for stealth technology and in advanced communication systems.
Scalar implicature
Authors: Zhang Yanfei , Liang Nina , Zhang Shaojie
Published: January 2024

Scalar implicature is a very interesting topic in linguistic pragmatics. This study is intended to argue that,
based on the Cognitive Grammar paradigm, scalar implicature is contextually activated by schematic networks. From a hierarchical
perspective, those linguistic units sharing the same schema can be compared; from a horizontal perspective, these units are
distributed from the stronger to the weaker in terms of semantic inclusion. The encyclopedic nature of context determines that
using a weaker lexical item to implicate the denial of a stronger statement has become a cognitive routine which is presumed to be
shared by the speaker and hearer. The study concludes that scalar implicature lies in between semantics and pragmatics.
Spanish enrollment decline and students’ beliefs and attitudes
Authors: Balmaceda M. David , Brantmeier Cindy , Hogrebe Mark C.
Published: January 2024

Universities across the USA are experiencing a decline in foreign language enrollment and in advanced Spanish courses (Looney & Lusin, 2019;Lusin et al., 2023), with a trend of higher female enrollment (Brantmeier et al., 2019;Chavez, 2001). Literature in Second Language Acquisition and Sociopsychology has studied how beliefs can influence a student’s thoughts and actions regarding their decision to enroll in a particular course (Mills & Moulton, 2017;Omrod, 2011;Taylor & Mardsen, 2014). The present study aims to investigate advanced Spanish learners’ awareness, beliefs, and attitudes toward four language learning skills and their differences by gender. Overall results indicated that participants from two different advanced Spanish courses had more positive beliefs and attitudes toward speaking and listening than reading and writing. Additionally, a higher proportion of female students had more positive beliefs toward the four skills than male students. Pedagogical implications and future directions on student uptake are suggested in this study.
Fourier series-based approximation of time-varying parameters in ordinary differential equations
Authors: Fitzpatrick Anna , Folino Molly , Arnold Andrea
Published: January 2024

Many real-world systems modeled using differential equations involve unknown or uncertain parameters. Standard approaches to address parameter estimation inverse problems in this setting typically focus on estimating constants; yet some unobservable system parameters may vary with time without known evolution models. In this work, we propose a novel approximation method inspired by the Fourier series to estimate time-varying parameters (TVPs) in deterministic dynamical systems modeled with ordinary differential equations. Using ensemble Kalman filtering in conjunction with Fourier series-based approximation models, we detail two possible implementation schemes for sequentially updating the time-varying parameter estimates given noisy observations of the system states. We demonstrate the capabilities of the proposed approach in estimating periodic parameters, both when the period is known and unknown, as well as non-periodic TVPs of different forms with several computed examples using a forced harmonic oscillator. Results emphasize the importance of the frequencies and number of approximation model terms on the time-varying parameter estimates and corresponding dynamical system predictions.
The growth of epitaxial graphene on SiC and its metal intercalation: a review
Authors: Yang Dong , Ma Fei , Bian Xianglong , Xia Qianfeng , Xu Kewei , Hu Tingwei
Published: January 2024

High-quality epitaxial graphene (EG) on SiC is crucial to high-performance electronic devices due to the good compatibility with Si-based semiconductor technology. Metal intercalation has been considered as a basic technology to modify EG on SiC. In the past ten years, there have been extensive research activities on the structural evolution during EG fabrication, characterization of the atomic structure and electronic states of EG, optimization of the fabrication process, as well as modification of EG by metal intercalation. In this perspective, the developments and breakthroughs in recent years are summarized and future expectations are discussed. A good understanding of the growth mechanism of EG and subsequent metal intercalation effects is fundamentally important.
Voltage prediction of vanadium redox flow batteries from first principles*
Authors: Brennan Scott , Smeu Manuel
Published: January 2024

Global energy demand has been increasing for decades, which has created a necessity for large scale energy storage solutions for renewable energy sources. We studied the voltage of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) with density functional theory (DFT) and a newly developed technique using ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD). DFT was used to create cluster models to calculate the voltage of VRFBs. However, DFT is not suited for capturing the dynamics and interactions in a liquid electrolyte, leading to the need for AIMD, which is capable of accurately modeling such things. The molarities and densities of all systems were carefully considered to match experimental conditions. With the use of AIMD, we calculated a voltage of 1.23 V, which compares well with the experimental value of 1.26 V. The techniques developed using AIMD for voltage calculations will be useful for the investigation of potential future battery technologies or as a screening process for additives to make improvements to currently available batteries.
A unique numerical iterative approach for modelling individual phase stress-strain curves in dual phase steel
Authors: Tanu Halim Silvie , Ng Eu-Gene
Published: January 2024

Understanding the effects of martensite volume fractions (V
m) in dual phase (DP) steel resulting from heat treatment is crucial for designing structures for mechanical impact resistance and optimizing manufacturing processes. DP steel’s material behaviour depends heavily on its microstructure properties. While stress-strain curves for individual phases in DP steels are often determined using empirical models, extensive experimental data is required to establish empirical model constants. This research aims to achieve two main objectives: firstly, to calibrate stress-strain curves for pure ferrite and pure martensite using limited experimental data using micromechanical adaptive iteration algorithm (MAIA). This calibration involves using stress-strain data from DP steels with varying V
m during the calibration stage and additional data for verification. Secondly, to conduct a comprehensive sensitivity analysis of MAIA to assess its capabilities and limitations. Microstructure-based finite element (FE) models, simulated with ABAQUS/Standard, are employed to predict stress-strain curves under uniaxial tensile test conditions. The MAIA approach successfully calculated ferrite and martensite stress-strain curves that could predict plastic behaviour of DP steel with different V
m, which agreed with experimental work. Key advantages of this approach include avoiding complex 3D microstructure geometries and requiring only two experimentally obtained stress-strain curves with different Vm for material constant calibration, along with another curve for validation. However, the experimental data selected for calibration must have a V
m difference between 20%–50% and one of the DP steels must have a low martensite volume fraction. The FE micromechanical model could capture the effect of softening of martensite phase and strengthening of ferrite phase as compared to its bulk properties for DP steel. The effect of V
m on strain hardening rate was also successfully captured. This technique comes with obvious shortcomings, such as excluding crystal plasticity behaviour, and change in chemical composition within the individual phase with varying martensite volume fraction.
Sleep apnea detection from single-lead electrocardiogram signals using effective deep-shallow fusion network
Authors: Li Pan , Ma Wenjun , Yue Huijun , Lei Wenbin , Fan Xiaomao , Li Ye
Published: January 2024

Objective. Explore a network architecture that can efficiently perform single-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) sleep apnea (SA) detection by utilizing the beneficial information of extended ECG segments and reducing the impact of their noisy information. Approach. We propose an effective deep-shallow fusion network (EDSFnet). The deeper residual network is used to extract high-level features with stronger semantics and less noise from the original ECG segments. The shallower convolutional neural network is used to extract lower-level features with higher resolution containing more detailed neighborhood information from the extended ECG segments. These two types of features are then fused using Effective Channel Attention, implementing automatic weight assignment to take advantage of their complementary nature. Main results. The performance of EDSFnet is evaluated on the Apnea-ECG dataset and the FAH-ECG dataset. In the Apnea-ECG dataset with 35 subjects as the training set and 35 subjects as the test set, the accuracy of EDSFnet was 92.6% and 100% for per-segment and per-recording test, respectively. In the FAH-ECG dataset with 348 subjects as the training set and 88 subjects as the test set, the accuracy of EDSFnet was 89.0% and 93.2% for per-segment and per-recording test, respectively. EDSFnet has achieved state-of-the-art results in both experiments using the publicly available Apnea-ECG dataset and subject-independent experiments using the FAH-ECG clinical dataset. Significance. The success of EDSFnet in handling SA detection underlines its robustness and adaptability. By achieving superior results across different datasets, EDSFnet offers promise in advancing the cost-effective and efficient detection of SA through single-lead ECG, reducing the burden on patients and healthcare systems alike.
Design and simulation of high performance β-Ga2O3 super barrier rectifier with a current blocking layer
Authors: Wang Zhenghua , Yuan Lei , Peng Bo , Xie Xinming , Zhang Yuming , Jia Renxu
Published: January 2024

In this work, a β-Ga2O3 super barrier rectifier with a current blocking layer (CSBR) is proposed. Its static characteristics, dynamic characteristics and surge capability are investigated by TCAD simulation. The Baliga’s figure of merit (BFOM) can reach 1.62 GW cm−2 with the on-resistance of 3.68 mΩ cm−2 and the breakdown voltage of 2447 V, exhibiting excellent performance. Foremost, the turn-on and turn-off of the device is controlled by metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) structure. The reverse recovery time is 11.2 ns, which is compatible with that of a Schottky diode. Simulation results show that the dimensions of the cells and the proportion of the ohmic contact region in the cells are the key parameters affecting the reverse recovery time. In addition, the CSBR with double-side cooling configuration demonstrates high surge capability. It can sustain a peak surge current density of 5000 A cm−2, which is more than 10 times its forward current (V
Forward = 3.0 V). Overall, the proposed structure has a high BFOM, excellent reverse characteristics and high reliability, demonstrating its potential in high voltage applications. Moreover, CSBR can be embedded into Ga2O3-MOSFET as a free-wheeling diode.
A proof of concept for reliability aware analysis of junctionless negative capacitance FinFET-based hydrogen sensor
Authors: Gandhi Navneet , Jaisawal Rajeewa Kumar , Rathore Sunil , Kondekar P N , Bagga Navjeet
Published: January 2024

This work demonstrates the reliability-aware analysis of the Junctionless negative capacitance (NC) FinFET employed as a hydrogen (H2) gas sensor. Gate stacking of the ferroelectric (FE) layer induces internal voltage amplification owing to the NC property, thus, improving the sensitivity of the baseline junctionless FinFET. A well-calibrated TCAD model is used to investigate the sensing characteristics of the proposed FinFET-based H2 sensor by employing the palladium (Pd) metallic gate as a sensing element. The mechanism involves the transduction of H2 gas molecules over the metal gate; due to the diffusion process, some atomic hydrogen diffuses into the metal. The H2 gas absorption at the metal surface causes a dipole layer formation at the gate and oxide interface, which changes the metal gate work function. As a result, this change in the work function can be used as a sensing parameter of the proposed gas sensor. Further, the threshold voltage and other electrical characteristics, such as output conductance, transconductance, and drain current are examined for sensitivity analysis for both NC and without NC JL FinFET at different pressure ranges, keeping the temperature constant (i.e. 300 K). The device variation, i.e. Fin thickness, Fin height, doping and thickness of HfO2 ferroelectric layer, etc, on sensor sensitivity has been evaluated through extensive simulation. This paper also presents a detailed investigation of the sensor’s reliability in terms of work function variation, random dopant fluctuation, trap charges, and device aging, i.e. end of a lifetime. At last, the acquired results are compared with earlier reported data, which justifies the profound significance of the proposed junctionless negative capacitance FinFET-based H2 gas sensor.
Rastall gravity: accretion disk image in the context of radiation fields and visual transformations compared to Reissner-Nordström black hole*
Authors: Huang 黄 Yu-Xiang 宇翔 , Guo 郭 Sen 森 , Liang 梁 Yu 宇 , Cui 崔 Yu-Hao 宇昊 , Jiang 蒋 Qing-Quan 青权 , Lin 林 Kai 恺
Published: January 2024

In this study, we investigated the astronomical implications of Rastall gravity, particularly its behavior amidst a radiation field compared to Reissner-Nordström (RN) black holes. We found a crucial correlation between the dynamics of the accretion disk and the parameters Q and

, which properly reflect the influence of spacetime metrics on the disk’s appearance. Elevated electric charge Q causes contraction in the disk’s orbit due to enhanced gravitational effects, while higher

values lead to outward expansion, influenced by the attributes of the radiation field. Interestingly, the charged black holes surrounded by radiation fields exhibit distinct visual disparities from RN black holes. Brightness decreases and expansion occurs within the innermost stable circular orbit of the accretion disk with rising

values. Our study also reveals the process by which the accretion disk transitions from a conventional disk-like structure to a hat-like form at different observation angles, with the redshift effect gradually intensifying. Moreover, the results of the considered Rastall gravity radiation field are consistent with the constraints of the gravitational lensing of the host galaxy on Rastall gravity parameters, thereby enhancing the consistency between theoretical predictions and actual observations.
Livestock waste as alternative energy for rural households: A review
Authors: Sahara D
Published: January 2024

Most livestock businesses in Indonesia are still small-scale farms located in rural areas with ruminants and poultry. BPS data for 2023, ruminant livestock and poultry amount to 63 million and 4,119 million, respectively. Ruminant livestock waste averages 15 kg/day, producing 946 million livestock waste/day. Livestock waste is used as raw material for organic fertilizer and alternative energy (biogas) for rural households. Biogas comes from gas produced through an anaerobic process from organic materials, namely human and animal waste, organic waste, household waste, and other biodegradable waste. Biogas has potential as an alternative energy source for rural households. The energy produced is environmentally friendly; biogas slurry is used as organic fertilizer, reduces carbon emissions, reduces the fossil fuel crisis, and reduces environmental pollution. However, the development of utilization of livestock waste into biogas faces obstacles, namely limited human and capital resources, as well as the number of livestock owners. Therefore, a more practical alternative energy (biogas) development strategy needs to be carried out by the government and farmers through the utilization and development of farmer groups, expanding the socialization of biogas technology, increasing the knowledge of farmers with non-formal education, and providing biogas installations in rural areas.
Physical quality and consumer acceptance of beef patties containing different levels of moringa oleifera leaf flour extract
Authors: Kartikasari L R , Hertanto B S , Swastike W , Barido F H , Nuhriawangsa A M P
Published: January 2024

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf flour extract (MOLFE) utilization on medium beef patties. The addition levels of MOLFE were set at 0 (P0), 2 (P1) and 4% (P2) (w/w). A total of 25 semi-trained panellists was asked to evaluate consumer acceptance using a preference measurement instrument of a 9-point hedonic scale. The physical quality and hedonic test data were analysed using analysis of variance followed by the Tukey test for a significantly different data. This study revealed a notable effect of MOLFE on raw patties pH (p<0.05), wherein its addition markedly decreased the raw pH value. No significant effect was observed for cooked pH, cooking loss and water holding capacity (WHC). Likewise, the hedonic test result was not differed among treatments (p>0.05), indicating acceptable inclusion of MOLFE into beef patties up to 4%. This study suggests the utilization of MOLFE up to 4% level can be applied to the manufacture of beef patties while maintaining its consumer acceptance.
Detection of Trypanosoma evansi in healthy horses, cattle and buffaloes in East Sumba: eight years after outbreak
Authors: Sawitri D H , Wardhana A H
Published: January 2024

Trypanosoma evansi is a widespread hemoflagellate parasite that causes surra (trypanosomiasis) in a variety of mammal species, including horses, cattle, and buffaloes. In 2010-2012, the greatest outbreak of surra in Indonesia occurred on one of Indonesia’s most remote islands, Sumba. This parasite has killed thousands of animals, particularly horses. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of T. evansi infection in healthy livestock (buffaloes, cattle, and horses) after the 8th outbreak in East Sumba using different methods, including serological test (CATT/T. evansi), parasitological test (WBF, Giemsa-stained blood smears (GSBS), and Microhematocrit Centrifugation Test (MHCT), and molecular method by PCR. The survey was conducted during the arid season, when the population of vectors was at its lowest. Blood samples were taken from 111 animals in three subdistricts in East Sumba (Lewa, Wulla Waijelu, and Kota Waingapu). Results revealed that the infection rate of livestock with T. evansi varies by animal species and detection methods. No positive sampel found by Micro Hematocrit Centrifugation Test (MHCT), wet blood film (WBF), and Giemza-stained blood smears (GSBS). The overall infection prevalence according CATT/T.evansi and PCR were 7.2%(8/111) and 5.4% (6/111); respectively. The infection rates by CATT T.evansi and PCR were as follows: horse, 0/57 (0%) and 1/57(1.75%); buffalo 5/23 (21.7%) and 13.04% (3/23); cattle, 3/31 (9.7%) and 2/31(6.45%); respectively. Buffalo and cattle have a higher prevalence of T. evansi compared to horses. The results of the present study indicate that cattle and buffalo may serve as a reservoir for T. evansi, which poses a high risk to horses due to the virulence of Surra when vector populations are abundant.
Using artificial intelligence to predict the tribology behavior of MoS2-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid
Authors: He Jiaqi , Li Huijian , Tang Huajie , Guo Zihan
Published: January 2024

Artificial intelligence algorithms including two artificial neural network and two machine learning algorithms were employed to predict the four-ball tribology behavior of MoS2-Al2O3 hybrid nanofluid. MoS2-Al2O3 composite nanoparticles were synthesized using solvothermal method and then dispersed in water-based fluids. 27 groups of tribology tests were conducted according to Box-Behnken experimental design were set as the training groups. The input variables (velocity of friction pairs, test force, test temperature, nanoparticle concentration) and output parameters (friction coefficient, wear scar diameter, wear surface roughness) were selected as the main variables. It was found that the random forest (RF) had better predict accuracy and stability for the four-ball tribology behavior of MoS2-Al2O3 nanofluid than multilayer perceptron (MLP), back propagation (BP) and k-nearest neighbors (KNN) algorithms. Besides, Pearson correlation analysis was carried out to reveal the relationship between input and output as well as different output variables. Through in-depth characterization of worn surface, a tribofilm in the thickness of 15 ∼ 20 nm composed of amorphous phases, ultra-fine nanoparticles and iron compounds was found. Finally, the lubrication mechanism of MoS2-Al2O3 nanofluid were discussed based on analyzing the tribology behavior data and tribofilm structure. Through the above findings, we hope to promote the application and development of artificial intelligence techniques in lubricants design and performance evaluation in the future.
Process optimization of quenching and partitioning by machine learning aided with orthogonal experimental design
Authors: Dai Na , Li Jian , Qin Hai , He Guolin , Li Pengfei , Wu Zhenghua , Wang Shanlin
Published: January 2024

Owing to a balance between toughness and strength, quenching and partitioning (Q&P) is promising in steel industry. However, for a new material or a new process, it remains challenging how to get the best parameters in low cost way. Here, a novel workflow combining orthogonal experimental design with artificial neural network and particle swarm optimization, was adopted to explore the relationship between quenching and partitioning process parameters and properties in Fe-0.65 wt%C-1.50 wt%Si-0.91 wt%Mn-1.08 wt%W steel. By using this method, the workload is reduced significantly. Compared with traditional process, the elongation of the steel increases by 146% times without loss in yield strength and a little improvement in ultimate tensile strength by quenching at 167 °C followed by partitioning at 367 °C for 5.0 min.
When energy doesn’t add up: use of an energyshed framework in assessing progress towards renewable energy transitions
Authors: Garrett Kayla P , McManamay Ryan A , DeRolph Christopher R
Published: January 2024

Global progress in energy transitions to support climate mitigation goals has been slower than anticipated; this has prompted shifts away from traditional paradigms of regulated energy ownership towards a model of energy democratization by local communities and individuals. For example, in the United States, local communities in over 250 cities, counties, and states have made pledges to reach 100% renewable electrification by target dates ranging from 2020 to 2050. However, the availability of infrastructure and the competition for renewable energy resources, as well as lack of awareness of these limitations, present significant barriers to overcome. In this study, we explored a subset of 31 of these cities to assess their current electricity generation and how much further they have to go to meet their goals. Through an energyshed framework, we estimated powerplant electricity allocation to each city assuming competition for power from various renewable and non-renewable resource types, as well as look at the ‘best case scenario’ assuming 100% allocation of renewable-sourced electricity for a handful of cities in order to understand the existing and planned energy mixes for 2021 and the following 20 years. It is likely most cities will meet 10% of their energy demand with renewable energy, with best cases scenarios reaching between 35% and 65% renewable penetration, within the next 20–30 years. This highlights the need for infrastructural development in the energy sector, as well as intentional planning efforts in order to make these energy goals a reality.