bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constraints versus penalties for edge-preserving full-waveform inversion
Authors: Peters Bas , Herrmann Felix J.
Published: December 2016

Full-waveform inversion is challenging in complex geologic areas. Even when provided with an accurate starting model, the inversion algorithms often struggle to update the velocity model. Compared with other areas in applied geophysics, including prior information in full-waveform inversion is still in its relative infancy. In part, this is due to the fact that it is difficult to incorporate prior information that relates to geologic settings where strong discontinuities in the velocity model dominate, because these settings call for nonsmooth regularizations. We tackle this problem by including constraints on the spatial variations and value ranges of the inverted velocities, as opposed to adding penalties to the objective, which is more customary in mainstream geophysical inversion. By demonstrating the lack of predictability of edge-preserving inversion when the regularization is in the form of an added penalty term, we advocate the inclusion of constraints instead. Our examples show that the latter leads to more predictable results and to significant improvements in the delineation of salt bodies when these constraints are relaxed gradually in combination with extending the search space to approximately fit the observed data but not the noise.
EAGE, SEG to host CO2 storage research workshop in Trondheim, Norway
Authors: Daley Tom , Ringrose Philip
Published: December 2016

Geologic storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) has long been considered an important component of greenhouse gas emissions mitigation ( Pacala and Socolow, 2004 ). Industry experience with CO2 injection for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) (since the 1970s) and CO2 storage in saline formations (since 1996) has produced a strong foundation of knowledge for improving and refining CO2 storage technology. There are many technical challenges at geologic storage sites that require geophysical measurements and monitoring. These challenges include initial site assessment; assuring that injectivity and capacity predictions are reliable; confirming that the fate and configuration of the CO2 plume is acceptable; and that regulatory permitting and compliance is accomplished in a timely manner (e.g., CSFL, 2013; Dixon and Romanak, 2015 ).
Temperament traits in 4-year-old children born prematurely – may they suggest a threat for mental functioning?
Authors: Klimek Małgorzata , Nitecka Magdalena , Dutkowska Grażyna , Gilarska Maja , Kwinta Przemko
Published: December 2016

Cel pracy

Celem pracy była ocena funkcjonowania emocjonalnego i określenie cech temperamentu u dzieci 4-letnich urodzonych przedwcześnie z masą ciała ≤1500 g, a także stwierdzenie częstości występowania u nich cech ze spektrum autystycznego.

Metoda

Do badania zaproszono dzieci w wieku 4 lat, przedwcześnie urodzone (wiek płodowy ≤ 32. tygodnia, masa urodzeniowa ≤1500 g). U 86 dzieci wykonano badanie lekarskie z oceną funkcji motorycznych, wzroku i słuchu, pomiary antropometryczne oraz badanie psychologiczne Międzynarodową Skalą Wykonaniową Leitera P-93, ocenę pomiaru zdolności werbalnych Testem Słownikowym dla Dzieci (TSD) oraz badanie kwestionariuszem Temperamentu EAS-C i kwestionariuszem CAST.
Rodzice dziecka proszeni byli o wypełnienie kwestionariuszy demograficznych dotyczących stanu socjo-ekonomicznego rodziny oraz udziału dziecka w zajęciach wczesnego wspomagania rozwoju i w zajęciach przedszkolnych.

Wyniki

W badaniu kwestionariuszem Temperamentu EAS-C stwierdzono istotnie częściej nadmierną aktywność i obniżoną emocjonalność. Dzieci mniej dojrzałe i mniejsze przy urodzeniu charakteryzowały się małą emocjonalnością. Dzieci, u których uzyskano wynik badania kwestionariuszem CAST ≥ 12 punktów, były istotnie mniejsze przy urodzeniu, częściej występowała u nich retinopatia wcześniacza oraz osiągnęły gorsze wyniki badań neurorozwojowych – skali Leitera oraz Testu Słownikowego Dla Dzieci.

Wnioski

Dzieci urodzone przedwcześnie zagrożone są częstszym występowaniem nadaktywności oraz objawów ze spektrum autyzmu. Bardzo istotne jest zbadanie cech temperamentu oraz rozpoznanie tych problemów, aby jak najwcześniej rozpocząć działania terapeutyczne.
Approach to presentation of behaviour problems part 1: medical considerations
Authors: Warnes Caroline Elizabeth
Published: December 2016

Health and behaviour are closely linked. Medical problems in companion animals are often associated with changes in behaviour, and can include behaviours that are considered highly problematic by owners, such as aggression, house-soiling, abnormal repetitive behaviours and a range of fear- and anxiety-related problems. It is therefore important that animals presenting with behaviour problems receive a thorough health check before being referred to a behaviour counsellor for behaviour therapy. This article outlines some of the ways that medical conditions can affect behaviour, and the most important medical conditions that should be considered, and ideally identified and treated or ruled out in animals showing problem behaviours, before they are referred for behaviour therapy. It also discusses the potential limitations of a pre-referral veterinary examination: it is not always possible to completely rule out the presence of underlying medical conditions in animals showing problem behaviour and some animals with diagnosed medical conditions will benefit from behavioural therapy alongside medical treatment. Ongoing liaison between the referring veterinary surgeon and behaviourist is therefore important, particularly in animals where a medical problem is known or suspected to be influencing the problem behaviour being treated.
Reflection and our professional lives
Authors: May Stephen Anthony
Published: December 2016

Despite the concept's lack of familiarity to many veterinary surgeons, reflection should be an important aspect of our professional lives, both during our daily work and when we have opportunities to take stock of what we have achieved. Reflection aids the transfer of existing skills to unfamiliar contexts, informs learning, and supports continued enhancement of the quality of the work we undertake. In contrast to scientific analysis, reflection embraces our actions and ourselves as actors, and both the rational and emotional aspects of our thinking. Importantly, reflection is appreciative as well as critical and, through cognitive reappraisal, it helps us to judge what we can reasonably expect of ourselves. Ultimately, this contributes to reduced stress and enhanced personal wellbeing.
Small Animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: December 2016

Introduction:

Fibroadenomas are the commonest mammary tumour in rats, with adenocarcinomas present in 25% of cases. Although fibro-adenomas are benign, they recur; the median survival time is 7.4 months, compared to 4 months for those with a malignant process.
Treatment of acute pain in cats
Authors: White Kate L
Published: December 2016

The cat's popularity as a pet continues to grow, with the most recent surveys showing approximately 17% of the population live with cats. This increased popularity of cats invariably means that more cats are presented to veterinary surgeons for surgery and treatment of painful conditions, but it seems that the treatment of pain in the cat has lagged behind that of other species. Lack of analgesic administration may well stem from the difficulties in assessing pain in the cat, but is probably compounded by the false perceptions of the likelihood of severe side effects occurring more frequently with the use of opioids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in cats, thereby inadvertently denying them the analgesics they require. This article complements a previous article covering the assessment of acute pain in the cat ( White, 2016 ); the aim of this second article is to provide an evidence-based framework to follow for the treatment of acute pain in the cat.
Benefits and challenges of role-emerging placements of student occupational therapists in HIV service organisations
Authors: Sharmin Rabeya , Jung Bonny , Shimmell Lorie , Solomon Patricia
Published: December 2016

Background and aims:

Recognising the importance of occupational therapy for people with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has led to the possibility of promoting and integrating services in HIV service organisations through role-emerging placements for student occupational therapists. The objective of this study was to investigate the benefits and challenges of role-emerging placements of student occupational therapists in HIV service organisations.

Methods:

This study employed qualitative methods to understand the perspectives of student occupational therapists, HIV service organisation staff, an occupational therapy preceptor, and people with HIV following 8-week role-emerging placements of student occupational therapists in HIV service organisations. Transcribed interviews were analysed using content analysis to identify themes.

Findings:

Results highlighted the following benefits: 1) Reinforcing professional skills; 2) Developing competency in providing rehabilitation services for people with HIV; 3) Shining a light on the role of occupational therapy; and 4) Empowering HIV service organisations. Challenges included: 1) Starting the groundwork; and 2) Building relationships.

Conclusion:

The placements of student occupational therapists in HIV service organisations can foster the integration of occupational therapy services in these organisations to maintain the optimum community responses. Findings also demonstrated the value that role-emerging placements have in increasing the competencies of the student occupational therapists as future rehabilitation professionals.
Applied research: building the evidence base for health sector development
Authors: Thunhurst Colin , Randall Sue
Published: December 2016

Background:

Over recent years, there has been a growth of interest in applied research. With the continuing explosion in academically focused peer-reviewed publishing, researchers have been forced to reconsider the relevance of their work and its relationship to key health sector developments.

Contents:

In this article, we consider the nature of applied research—how does it differ from pure research, translational research, action research and/or monitoring and evaluation? We present a case study example drawn from a currently active area of applied research. We consider the fundamental questions that have to be considered by applied researchers: How can they retain methodological rigour?; Does he who pays the piper unduly call the tune?; Is the ‘opportunism’ of applied research compatible with ethical considerations?; Is an academic environment the most appropriate one in which to undertake applied research?

Conclusions:

The need for applied research has never been more pressing; yet executing it has never been more problematic. Notwithstanding the methodological and practical problems encountered, we argue that it plays a vital role in the development of health systems and of health systems researchers.
TÉCNICAS NÃO INVASIVAS PARA REDUÇÃO DA LIPODISTROFIA LOCALIZADA: EVIDÊNCIAS ATUAIS. ÊNFASE NO TRATAMENTO COM CRIOLIPÓLISE.
Authors: De Oliveira Crippa Valdinara
Published: December 2016

A busca pela satisfação da beleza estética e bem estar físico é uma preocupação presente na sociedade, e isso tem contribuído para o aumento crescente do número de clientes que procuram os tratamentos estéticos para minimizar as imperfeições corporais. A lipodistrofia localizada tem sido um dos maiores motivos dessa procura, e a solução dessa patologia tem sido cada vez mais a preferência por métodos que não limitem a rotina diária. Massagem modeladora, ultrassom, radiofrequência, vacuoterapia, eletrolipoforese e criolipólise são algumas das principais técnicas não invasivas disponíveis no mercado estético para o tratamento da lipodistrofia localizada, sendo a mais recente, a criolipólise, com um número cada vez maior de adeptos devido resultado altamente eficiente com menor número de sessões. Diante disso, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo abordar o conceito e as principais características da lipodistrofia localizada e apresentar esses principais tratamentos não invasivos para a disfunção. Para isso foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, apontando as evidências científicas da utilização desses recursos. Os resultados encontrados foram significativos e satisfatórios, apontando a eficácia desses tratamentos. Concluiu-se então que as técnicas não invasivas apresentadas são eficazes na redução de medidas corporais e no tratamento da lipodistrofia localizada, quando aplicadas corretamente a partir de protocolos cientificamente comprovados.
REGULAÇÃO DE PRODUTOS SANEANTES NO BRASIL: REGISTRO, NOTIFICAÇÃO, EMBALAGEM E ROTULAGEM
Authors: Gabriel Gonçalves Ana Caroline , Lima Almeida Samara
Published: December 2016

Produtos saneantes com diversas finalidades de uso são cada vez mais populares no mercado brasileiro. Os consumidores buscam produtos que mantenham suas casas e ambientes limpos e livres de pragas. A crescente utilização de saneantes trouxe consigo uma maior responsabilidade de sua regularização. A Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária é responsável pela aprovação e fiscalização pós mercado destes produtos de forma a garantir qualidade e segurança. Neste trabalho, foi realizada uma revisão de legislações que abordam registro, notificação, embalagem e rotulagem de saneantes. Estas legislações foram criadas com o intuito de orientar empresas produtoras, assim como os usuários quanto à atualização das informações importantes que devem constar no rótulo de cada produto, assim como as principais características das embalagens. Essas informações são importantes para ajudar os consumidores a utilizar produtos de forma apropriada, identificar sua legitimidade bem como sua qualidade e prevenir acidentes.
POLIFENÓIS NO VINHO: RESVERATROL E SEUS BENEFÍCIOS
Authors: Martins Pâmela Padovani , Nicoletti Maria Aparecida
Published: December 2016

A pesquisa foi direcionada para abordar as características peculiares do vinho, visando esclarecer os seus benefícios, considerando alguns ativos presentes sua composição. O objetivo foi elucidar o quê, como e o porquê as substâncias contidas no vinho (em especial, o resveratrol) beneficiam o organismo humano, por meio de um estudo descritivo e retrospectivo utilizando-se como fontes de informação técnico-científica: bases eletrônicas de dados da Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), National Institutes of Health (PubMed e MedLine), Biblioteca Regional de Medicina (BIREME), além de fontes secundárias, no período de 1994 a 2015, que teve como foco de busca os estudos com evidência científica realizados com modelos animais e, também, em humanos, principalmente, quanto aos efeitos do resveratrol. A pesquisa evidenciou a capacidade do resveratrol em evitar a arteriosclerose, as doenças inflamatórias e alérgicas, os problemas cardíacos, entre outros agravos à saúde. Dentre as substâncias encontradas no vinho, o resveratroldestaca-se por suas propriedades terapêuticas benéficas.
ESTUDO ANALÍTICO E COMPARATIVO DE COMPRIMIDOS CONTENDO CITRATO DE SILDENAFILA ADQUIRIDOS NO MERCADO FORMAL E INFORMAL
Authors: Parisotto Peterle Jonathan , Bueno Francie
Published: December 2016

Citrato de sildenafila é um fármaco inibidor seletivo da enzima fosfodiesterase tipo 5 (PDE-5), restaurando naturalmente a função erétil peniana. O objetivo deste estudo foi realizar uma análise comparativa do aspecto visual, peso médio e uniformidade de conteúdo entre os medicamentos disponíveis nos mercados formal e informal. Pela análise dos resultados obtidos, os medicamentos referência, genérico e similar apresentaram embalagem primária e secundária, bula, selo de segurança íntegro, comprimidos de coloração homogênea azul e núcleo branco, diferindo apenas no formato. Quanto ao medicamento adquirido no mercado informal, o mesmo apresentou somente a embalagem primária, com comprimidos de coloração azulada heterogênea e formato irregular. Os medicamentos referência, genérico, similar e do mercado informal, apresentaram respectivamente, valores de peso médio de 316,3 mg ± 0,0069, 318,0 mg ± 0,0053, 348,2 mg ± 0,0044 e 140,1 mg ± 0,0047, cumprindo as determinações da Farmacopeia Brasileira. No teste de uniformidade de conteúdo, apenas os medicamentos referência, genérico e similar, com valores de teor respectivamente de 103,1% ± 0,5297, 103,9% ± 0,6420 e 100,0% ± 0,8028, cumpriram as especificações, enquanto a amostra do mercado informal apresentou um teor de 63,7% ± 3,530, não se adequando às determinações da legislação brasileira. Dessa forma, salienta-se neste trabalho, o grande risco à saúde dos pacientes ao utilizar medicamentos de procedência duvidosa.
Strangers on the Doorstep: Hostility and Hospitality in A Distant Shore
Authors: Lin Ching-Huan
Published: December 2016

This article focuses on the rising hostility against immigrants / refugees and growing demand for hospitality, in both regional and transnational senses, in Caryl Phillips’s novel A Distant Shore, set in a local place in North England. I think that the author, in examining the parallel conditions of being a stranger in a village and an outsider to the nation, shows that the demands of hospitality are similarly urgent whether sought by nationals or foreigners though these are calibrated differently in terms of scales of belonging. My broader argument is that hospitality is an ethical practice of everyday life that requires continual renegotiation. Inspired by Levinasian ethics, I turn to Derrida’s and Rosello’s meditations on hospitality, which emphasise the metaphorical nature of the host-guest relationship and the tension it inscribes between the finiteness of politics and the infinity of ethics. By exploring the complex relationship between politics and ethics as this is made manifest in the literary representations of ordinary British citizens’ everyday practices, I suggest that this novel not only deals with the UK’s domestic tensions of multiculturalism and ethnic conflict, but also critically reflects on its bewildered (but hardly new) attitude toward the ongoing transnational integration of the new Europe in the postwar period.
‘Global’ Identity or the (Ir)Reducible Other: The Cultural Logic of Global Identity in Sir Arthur Conan Doyle’s The Man with the Twisted Lip
Authors: Lee Jin
Published: December 2016

After the Syrian civil war, deaths of those fleeing crisis areas have tragically become a regular news item. Not new to the world, however, such crises emerge from tensions between identity and difference as codified in international politics, whereby refugees and migrants become the Other and subject to unyielding universals, such as the law or narrow concepts of what is right. Indeed, the cultural logic of “global identities” informing the current refugee and migrant crisis seems recurrent, as exemplified in the recent cases of the Tamils from Sri Lanka and the Somalis. The cultural logic of global identity is also reflected in the popular nineteenth-century novella by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, The Man with the Twisted Lip, in which the main character disguises himself as a professional beggar to appeal to middle class values in order to incite their guilty consciences. Drawing on Ian Baucom, Marc Shell, and Jean-Joseph Goux, this article argues that the main character’s actions reflect and embody the cultural logic of the global politico-economy in late nineteenth century London. As such, Doyle’s novella illustrates the Derridean notion of hospitality by revealing that “identity and difference are mutually constitutive” (Baker 109) and offers insightful commentary on the current refugee and migrant crisis.
Defects Appearing in the Surfacing Layers of Abrasion Resistant
Authors: Bęczkowski R. , Gucwa M.
Published: December 2016

The surfacing technologies are used for constitution of protection layer against wear and is destined for obtaining coating with high hardness. Among many weldings methods currently used to obtain the hard surface layer one of the most effective way of hardfacing is using flux cored arc welding. This additional material gives more possibilities to make expected hard surface layer.

Chemical composition, property and economic factors obtained in flux cored wire are much richer in comparison to these obtained with other additional materials. This is the reason why flux cored wires give possibilities of application this kind of material for improving surface in different sectors of industry.

In the present paper the imperfection in the layers was used for hardfacing process in different situations to show the possible application in the surface layer. The work presents studies of imperfection of the welds, contains the picture of microstructures, macrostructures and shows the results of checking by visual and penetrant testing methods.
Examination of Electrical Resistance of Carburizers Used for Cast Iron Production
Authors: Książek D. , Koza M. , Bieroński M. , Krasa O. , Kuś R.
Published: December 2016

The publication presents the results of examination of selected carburizers used for cast iron production with respect to their electric resistance. Both the synthetic graphite carburizers and petroleum coke (petcoke) carburizers of various chemical composition were compared. The relationships between electrical resistance of tested carburizers and their quality were found. The graphite carburizers exhibited much better conductivity than the petcoke ones. Resistance characteristics were different for the different types of carburizers. The measurements were performed according to the authors’ own method based on recording the electric current flow through the compressed samples. The samples of the specified diameter were put under pressure of the gradually increased value (10, 20, 50, 60, and finally 70 bar), each time the corresponding value of electric resistance being measured with a gauge of high accuracy, equal to 0.1μΩ. The higher pressure values resulted in the lower values of resistance. The relation between both the thermal conductance and the electrical conductance (or the resistance) is well known and mentioned in the professional literature. The results were analysed and presented both in tabular and, additionally, in graphic form.
State of Spent Molding Sands in the Mold Large-Size Cast
Authors: Łucarz M.
Published: December 2016

The results of investigations of spent moulding sands taken from the mould at various distances from the surface of the produced casting, are presented in the paper. The casting mould was made with an application of the cooling system of the metal core in order to increase the cooling rate of the ladle casting. As temperature measurements in the mould indicated the heat flow from the metal did not create conditions for the complete burning of a moulding sand. The analysis was performed to find out changes of spent moulding sands caused by degradation and destruction processes of organic binders. Conditions occurring in the casting mould were discussed on the bases of testing: ignition losses, dusts contents, pH reactions and the surface morphology of the moulding sand samples. Factors limiting the effective mould degassing were pointed out. Operations, possible for realization, which can limit the reasons of a periodical occurrence of increased amounts of casting defects due to changing gas evolution rates being the result of the technological process, were also indicated.
The Study of Phase Transformations of AlSi9Cu3 Alloy by DSC Method
Authors: Piątkowski J. , Przeliorz R. , Gontarczyk A.
Published: December 2016

With the use of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), the characteristic temperatures and enthalpy of phase transformations were defined for commercial AlSi9Cu3 cast alloy (EN AC-46000) that is being used for example for pressurized castings for automotive industry. During the heating with the speed of 10°C·min−1 two endothermic effects has been observed. The first appears at the temperature between 495 °C and 534 °C, and the other between 555 °C and 631 °C. With these reactions the phase transformation enthalpy comes up as +6 J g−1 and +327 J g−1. During the cooling with the same speed, three endothermic reactions were observed at the temperatures between 584 °C and 471 °C. The total enthalpy of the transitions is – 348 J g−1.

Complimentary to the calorimetric research, the structural tests (SEM and EDX) were conducted on light microscope Reichert and on scanning microscope Hitachi S-4200. As it comes out of that, there are dendrites in the structure of α(Al) solution, as well as the eutectic (β) silicon crystals, and two types of eutectic mixture: double eutectic α(Al)+β(Si) and compound eutectic α+Al2Cu+β.
The Influence of Cyclic Sintering on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Tungsten Heavy Alloy
Authors: Skoczylas P. , Kaczorowski M.
Published: December 2016

The results of structure and mechanical properties investigations of tungsten heavy alloy (THA) after cyclic sintering are presented. The material for study was prepared using liquid phase sintering of mixed and compacted powders in hydrogen atmosphere. The specimens in shape of rods were subjected to different number of sintering cycles according to the heating schemes given in the main part of the paper From the specimens the samples for mechanical testing and structure investigations were prepared. It follows from the results of the mechanical studies, that increasing of sintering cycles lead to decrease of tensile strength and elongation of THA with either small or no influence on yield strength. In opposite to that, the microstructure observations showed that the size of tungsten grain increases with number of sintering cycles. Moreover, scanning electron microscope (SEM) observations revealed distinctly more trans-granular cleavage mode of fracture in specimens subjected to large number of sintering cycles compared with that after one or two cycles only.
The Flexibility of Pusher Furnace Grate
Authors: Słowik J.A. , Drotlew A. , Piekarski B.
Published: December 2016

The lifetime of guide grates in pusher furnaces for heat treatment could be increased by raising the flexibility of their structure through, for example, the replacement of straight ribs, parallel to the direction of grate movement, with more flexible segments. The deformability of grates with flexible segments arranged in two orientations, i.e. crosswise (perpendicular to the direction of compression) and lengthwise (parallel to the direction of compression), was examined. The compression process was simulated using SolidWorks Simulation program. Relevant regression equations were also derived describing the dependence of force inducing the grate deformation by 0.25 mm ‒ modulus of grate elasticity ‒ on the number of flexible segments in established orientations. These calculations were made in Statistica and Scilab programs. It has been demonstrated that, with the same number of segments, the crosswise orientation of flexible segments increases the grate structure flexibility in a more efficient way than the lengthwise orientation. It has also been proved that a crucial effect on the grate flexibility has only the quantity and orientation of segments (crosswise / lengthwise), while the exact position of segments changes the grate flexibility by less than 1%.
Investigations of Ferritic Nodular Cast Iron Containing About 5-6% Aluminium
Authors: Soiński M.S. , Kordas P. , Skurka K. , Jakubus A.
Published: December 2016

The work presents results of investigations concerning the production of cast iron containing about 5-6% aluminium, with the ferritic matrix in the as-cast state and nodular or vermicular graphite precipitates. The examined cast iron came from six melts produced under the laboratory conditions. It contained aluminium in the amount of 5.15% to 6.02% (carbon in the amount of 2.41% to 2.87%, silicon in the amount of 4.50% to 5.30%, and manganese in the amount of 0.12% to 0.14%). After its treatment with cerium mixture and graphitization with ferrosilicon (75% Si), only nodular and vermicular graphite precipitates were achieved in the examined cast iron. Moreover, it is possible to achieve the alloy of pure ferritic matrix, even after the spheroidizing treatment, when both the aluminium and the silicon occur in cast iron in amounts of about 5.2÷5.3%.
Prediction of Shrinkage Porosity in Femoral Stem of Titanium Investment Casting
Authors:   Sutiyoko,   Suyitno, Mahardika Muslim , Syamsudin A.
Published: December 2016

Design of gating system is an important factor in obtaining defect-free casting. One of the casting defects is a porosity caused by internal shrinkage in solidification process. Prediction of the internal shrinkage porosity in the femoral stem of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) is investigated based on the gating system design. The objective of this research is to get the best gating system between three gating system designs. Three gating system designs of the femoral stem were simulated in an investment casting method. The internal shrinkage porosity occurs on the largest part and near the ingate of the femoral stem. The gating system design that has ingates cross section area: 78.5; 157; and 128.5 mm2 has the least of the internal shrinkage porosity. This design has the most uniform solidification in the entire of the femoral stem. An experiment is conducted to validate the simulation data. The results of internal shrinkage porosity in the three gating system designs in the simulation were compared with the experiment. Based on the comparison, the trend of internal shrinkage porosity at the three gating system designs in the simulation agrees with the experiment. The results of this study will aid in the elimination of casting defect.
Microstructure of Cast High-Manganese Steel Containing Titanium
Authors: Tęcza G. , Garbacz-Klempka A.
Published: December 2016

Widely used in the power and mining industry, cast Hadfield steel is resistant to wear, but only when operating under impact loads. Components made from this alloy exposed to the effect of abrasion under load-free conditions are known to suffer rapid and premature wear. To increase the abrasion resistance of cast high-manganese steel under the conditions where no dynamic loads are operating, primary titanium carbides are formed in the process of cast steel melting, to obtain in the alloy after solidification and heat treatment, the microstructure composed of very hard primary carbides uniformly distributed in the austenitic matrix of a hardness superior to the hardness of common cast Hadfield steel. Hard titanium carbides ultimately improve the wear resistance of components operating under shear conditions. The measured microhardness of the as-cast matrix in samples tested was observed to increase with the increasing content of titanium and was 380 HV0.02 for the content of 0.4%, 410 HV0.02 for the content of 1.5% and 510 HV0.02 for the content of 2 and 2.5%. After solution heat treatment, the microhardness of the matrix was 460÷480 HV0.02 for melts T2, T3 and T6, and 580 HV0.02 for melt T4, and was higher than the values obtained in common cast Hadfield steel (370 HV0.02 in as-cast state and 340÷370 HV0.02 after solution heat treatment). The measured microhardness of alloyed cementite was 1030÷1270 HV0.02; the microhardness of carbides reached even 2650÷4000 HV0.02.
Oxygen Activity in Melts of Fe-C-Cr-Ni Based Alloys
Authors: Záděra A. , Dulava M. , Pernica V. , Kaňa V.
Published: December 2016

Oxygen is an element that is first purposely brought into the steel melt to remove some unwanted elements or to reduce their concentration (oxidation). In the made cast steel there is on the contrary necessary to reduce the oxygen content with the use of deoxidation to such a level in order to avoid a reaction with carbon with the formation of CO bubbles. Concentration of oxygen in steel before casting is given, in particular, by the manner of metallurgical processing and the used deoxidation process. Oxygen is found in molten steels both as chemically bound in the form of oxides and in the form of oxygen dissolved in the solution – the melt. Chemical composition of the melt strongly influences the activity of oxygen dissolved in the melt and further on the composition of oxidic inclusions forming in the melt during the reaction with oxygen. In the Fe-C-Cr-Ni based alloys in the reaction with oxygen greatly participates also chrome, whose products are often in solid state and they are the cause of forming such defects as e.g. oxidic films.
Comparison of the Emission of Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Moulding Sands with Furfural Resin with the Low Content of Furfuryl Alcohol and Different Activators
Authors: Żymankowska-Kumon S. , Bobrowski A. , Grabowska B.
Published: December 2016

No-bake process refers to the use of chemical binders to bond the moulding sand. Sand is moved to the mould fill station in preparation for filling of the mould. A mixer is used to blend the sand with the chemical binder and activator. As the sand exits the mixer, the binder begins the chemical process of hardening. This paper presents the results of decomposition of the moulding sands with modified urea-furfuryl resin (with the low content of furfuryl alcohol below 25 % and different activators: organic and inorganic) on a quartz matrix, under semi-industrial conditions. Investigations of the gases emission in the test foundry plant were executed according to the method extended in the Faculty of Foundry Engineering (AGH University of Science and Technology). Article presents the results of the emitted chosen aromatic hydrocarbons and loss on ignition compared with the different activators used to harden this resin. On the bases of the data, it is possible to determine the content of the emitted dangerous substances from the moulding sand according to the content of loss on ignition.
Determination of the Surface and Volume Porosity, on the Basis of the Main Fraction of the Polifractional Matrix of Moulding and Core Sands
Authors: Dańko R. , Dańko J.
Published: December 2016

The aim of the hereby paper is to present the developed model of determining the volume and surface porosity based on the main fraction of polifractional materials, its experimental verification and utilisation for the interpretation of effects accompanying the formation of a moulding sand apparent density, porosity and permeability in the blowing processes of the core and moulds technology.
Coefficient of Friction of a Brake Disc-Brake Pad Friction Couple
Authors: Orłowicz A.W. , Mróz M. , Wnuk G. , Markowska O. , Homik W. , Kolbusz B.
Published: December 2016

The paper concerns evaluation of the coefficient of friction characterising a friction couple comprising a commercial brake disc cast of flake graphite grey iron and a typical brake pad for passenger motor car. For the applied interaction conditions, the brake pressure of 0.53 MPa and the linear velocity measured on the pad-disc trace axis equalling 15 km/h, evolution of the friction coefficient μ values were observed. It turned out that after a period of 50 minutes, temperature reached the value 270°C and got stabilised. After this time interval, the friction coefficient value also got stabilised on the level of μ = 0.38. In case of a block in its original state, stabilisation of the friction coefficient value occurred after a stage in the course of which a continuous growth of its value was observed up to the level μ = 0.41 and then a decrease to the value μ = 0.38. It can be assumed that occurrence of this stage was an effect of an initial running-in of the friction couple. In consecutive abrasion tests on the same friction couple, the friction coefficient value stabilisation occurred after the stage of a steady increase of its value. It can be stated that the stage corresponded to a secondary running-in of the friction couple. The observed stages lasted for similar periods of time and ended with reaching the stabile level of temperature of the disc-pad contact surface.
Comparison of Dental Prostheses Cast and Sintered by SLM from Co-Cr-Mo-W Alloy
Authors: Myszka D. , Skrodzki M.
Published: December 2016

The article presents the results of a comparative analysis of the metal substructure for dental prosthesis made from a Co-Cr-Mo-W alloy by two techniques, i.e. precision investment casting and selective laser melting (SLM). It was found that the roughness of the raw surface of the SLM sinter is higher than the roughness of the cast surface, which is compensated by the process of blast cleaning during metal preparation for the application of a layer of porcelain. Castings have a dendritic structure, while SLM sinters are characterized by a compact, fine-grain microstructure of the hardness higher by about 100 HV units. High performance and high costs of implementation the SLM technology are the cause to use it for the purpose of many dental manufacturers under outsourcing rules. The result is a reduction in manufacturing costs of the product associated with dental work time necessary to scan, designing and treatment of sinter compared with the time needed to develop a substructure in wax, absorption in the refractory mass, casting, sand blasting and finishing. As a result of market competition and low cost of materials, sinter costs decrease which brings the total costs related to the construction unit making using the traditional method of casting, at far less commitment of time and greater predictability and consistent sinter quality.
Spring Barley Yield Parameters after Lignite, Sodium Humate and Nitrogen Utilization
Authors: Kováčik Peter , Žofajová Alžbeta , Šimanský Vladimír , Halászová Klaudia
Published: December 2016

The existence of a small number of publications dealing with the impact of solid sodium humate and lignite on the quantity and quality of grown crops was the reason for establishing the field experiment. The objective of this experiment was to detect the impact of solid lignite and solid sodium humate on the quantity and quality of spring barley yield. These substances were applied into the soil either independently or along with nitrogen fertiliser. The next objective was to determine the impact of foliar application of sodium humate water solution applied either independently or along with nitrogen fertiliser on the quality and quantity of spring barley yield. The achieved results showed that the autumn application of solid lignite and the presowing application of solid sodium humate into the soil tended to decrease the yield of both grain and straw of spring barley, crude protein content in grain, proportion of the first-class grains and volume weight of grain, whereas the impact of humate was more negative. Lignite and sodium humate in the solid form should be used along with nitrogen fertiliser. The application of sodium humate in liquid form during the growth season of barley tended to increase the yield of both grain and straw. The joint application of nitrogen and liquid sodium humate during the growth season of barley increased the grain yield of barley significantly. A lower dose of nitrogen, applied during the growth season of barley (growth season BBCH 23), increased the grain yield of barley considerably more than a higher N dose, applied into the soil before barley sowing.
Analysis of the Possibility of Limiting the Impact of Ground Vibrations Caused During Demolition of a Towers on Environment
Authors: Targosz Jan , Bednarz Jarosław , Lisowski Wojciech
Published: December 2016

Before disassemble and demolition of five granulation towers the authors planned and carried out measurements of the intensity of vibrations induced during the fall of the dismantled components of towers on the ground. The main aim of the study was to determine the maximum permissible weight of falling elements of the towers during the demolition, in terms of ensuring the protection of buildings and equipment located in the vicinity of the works. It was unacceptable to increase the vibration amplitude displacement in each section of measurement on each of the three perpendicular axes by more than 2 μm peak-to-peak value and the absolute velocity of RMS of vibration amplitude couldn’t be increased by more than 1 mm/sec value than the background vibration during the demolition of the towers. Preliminary experimental studies were conducted on a test stand and the measurements were made on the real object. The amplitudes of vibration waves displacement and velocity were recorded on the measurement section in the direction of the protected building. The results of measurements were used to identify the propagation of the shock wave and the effectiveness of the proposed insulation layers.
Everyday Exposure to Occupational/Non-Occupational Infrasound Noise in Our Life
Authors: Zagubień Adam , Wolniewicz Katarzyna
Published: December 2016

Infrasounds are very common in the natural environment. There are various opinions about their harmfulness or lack of harmfulness. One of the reasons of increasing interest in this issue is that there are more and more wind farms appearing close to building estates which are undoubtedly a source of infrasound. It is reasonable to present the results of research of infrasound noise connected not only with wind farms. In this study own results of research of infrasound noise related to daily human activity are presented. The measurements were carried out during housework, travel to the office or shop, and during shopping. The results are shown in the form of values of equivalent levels and 1/3-octave analyses. Taking into consideration the natural sources of infrasound in the environment, the measurements were conducted during both windy and windless weather. On the basis of the results of the measurements it was possible to define the daily exposure to infrasound noise. Those results were also compared with the available in the literature threshold values sensed by people. Estimated level of exposure to noise beyond workplace together with the level of exposure to noise at work enables to define daily exposure level, which means a better assessment of risk of health loss. Increasing social awareness of acoustic threat in everyday life allows us to identify the problem and at the same time improve the quality of rest and efficiency at work.
Laughter Classification Using Deep Rectifier Neural Networks with a Minimal Feature Subset
Authors: Gosztolya Gábor , Beke András , Neuberger Tilda , Tóth László
Published: December 2016

Laughter is one of the most important paralinguistic events, and it has specific roles in human conversation. The automatic detection of laughter occurrences in human speech can aid automatic speech recognition systems as well as some paralinguistic tasks such as emotion detection. In this study we apply Deep Neural Networks (DNN) for laughter detection, as this technology is nowadays considered state-of-the-art in similar tasks like phoneme identification. We carry out our experiments using two corpora containing spontaneous speech in two languages (Hungarian and English). Also, as we find it reasonable that not all frequency regions are required for efficient laughter detection, we will perform feature selection to find the sufficient feature subset.
A Comparison of Handgun Shots, Balloon Bursts, and a Compressor Nozzle Hiss as Sound Sources for Reverberation Time Assessment
Authors: Szłapa Piotr , Boroń Marta , Zachara Jolanta , Marczak Wojciech
Published: December 2016

Blank handgun shots, party balloon bursts, and a pneumatic compressor with a small-diameter nozzle were used as sources of sound in the assessments of reverberation time, T. The two first sources were of impulse type, while the third one resembled a noise signal source. In this work, 532 values of T were experimentally obtained in four rooms of different volumes and compared. The T values for 1/3 octave frequency bands were found to be independent of the sound source. Reverberation times for the A-frequency-weighting filtered signals were close to one another for the shots and balloon bursts, while those obtained using the compressor nozzle were significantly shorter. The latter effect can be attributed to the relatively high share of high frequency waves in the sound generated by the nozzle. The results show that balloon bursts can be used as handgun shot substitutes in the assessments of reverberation times. While the nozzle noise is rather unsuitable for this purpose, it can be applied in the assessments of T for high frequency waves, up to the ultrasound range. Such acoustic climate information may be useful in designing spaces for high frequency sound-sensitive individuals, e.g. animal shelters.
On the Nonlinear Distortions of Sound and its Coupling with Other Modes in a Gaseous Plasma with Finite Electric Conductivity in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Perelomova Anna
Published: December 2016

Nonlinear phenomena of the planar and quasi-planar magnetoacoustic waves are considered. We focus on deriving of equations which govern nonlinear excitation of the non-wave motions by the intense sound in initially static gaseous plasma. The plasma is treated as an ideal gas with finite electrical conductivity permeated by a magnetic field orthogonal to the trajectories of gas particles. This introduces dispersion of a flow. Magnetoacoustic heating and streaming in the field of periodic and aperiodic magnetoacoustic perturbations are discussed, as well as generation of the magnetic perturbations by sound. Two cases, corresponding to magnetosound perturbations of low and high frequencies, are considered in detail.
3D Acoustic Field Intensity Probe Design and Measurements
Authors: Kotus Józef , Czyżewski Andrzej , Kostek Bożena
Published: December 2016

The aim of this paper is two-fold. First, some basic notions on acoustic field intensity and its measurement are shortly recalled. Then, the equipment and the measurement procedure used in the sound intensity in the performed research study are described. The second goal is to present details of the design of the engineered 3D intensity probe, as well as the algorithms developed and applied for that purpose. Results of the intensity probe measurements along with the calibration procedure are then contained and discussed. Comparison between the engineered and the reference commercial probe confirms that the designed construction is applicable to the sound field intensity measurements with a sufficient effectiveness.
Mutual Clutter Suppression Techniques for FM Sonars
Authors: Marszal Jacek , Rudnicki Mariusz , Jedel Andrzej , Salamon Roman , Kochańska Iwona
Published: December 2016

The article presents methods that help in the elimination of mutual clutter as well as the consequences of two FM sounding signal sonars operating in the same body of water and frequency band. An in-depth analysis of mutual clutter was carried out. The effects of sounding signal differentiation were determined, as was the Doppler effect on mutual clutter suppression. One of the methods analysed is of particular interest in a situation in which collaborating sonars are operating in opposite frequency modulation directions. This method is effective for both linear and hyperbolic frequency modulations. A formula was derived, identifying exactly how much quantities of clutter may be lessened. The work included comprehensive computer simulations and measurements as well as tests in real-life conditions.