bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WITHDRAWN: Rural-urban Labor Migration, Remittances and its Effect on Agricultural Production in Migrant Sending Households: Evidence from Rural areas of East Gojjam Zone, Ethiopia.
Authors: Bassie Haymanot , Alemu Bizuayehu , Bitew Birhanu , Sirany Teshome
Published: June 2022

In this study the effect of the rural-urban labor migration and remittances on agricultural production in rural areas of East Gojjam Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia is examined. A total of 480 households are used as the sample size for the study by using multi-stage sampling technique. The descriptive statistics shows that migrant sending households suffer labor shortage in peak seasons but they are benefited from rural-urban migrants since the income they receive from migrants enables them to pay back their loan and purchase agricultural inputs. The econometrics analysis shows that rural-urban migration has insignificant effect on agricultural production. But remittances have positive and significant effect on agricultural production. Apart from this, cultivated land, livestock ownership, and extension services have positive and significant effect on agricultural production. On the other hand, the use of agricultural pesticide has negative and significant effect on agricultural production. Finally, Training should be given for rural people on the best use of remittances and inculcating the culture of saving and investment for sustained rural economic development. In addition, agricultural extension service delivery should be boosted through timely recruitment, periodic training of agents and provision of adequate logistics.
Continuous film mulching enhances maize root growth and grain yield by improving soil aggregates characteristic in semiarid areas of China: An eight-year field experiment
Authors: jialin yang , Yanduo Zhou , Xu Ye , shikun sun , enke liu , xiaolong ren , zhikuan Jia , ting Wei , Zhang Peng
Published: June 2022

AimsFilm mulching has been widely used in agricultural production in semiarid areas. While studies regarding the long-term effects of different film mulching methods on soil aggregates and stability are still lacking. MethodsIn the Loess Plateau of China, a 8-year continuous field experiment was conducted on soil aggregate and stability, and crop yield with five different film mulching treatments: (i) a control method, flat planting without mulching (CK); (ii) alternate mulching and bare rows without ridges (P); (iii) planting furrows separated by consecutive plastic film-mulched ridges (S); (iv) double ridge-furrow with full plastic film mulching (D); and (v) traditional ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting planting (R). The indexes were used to expressed soil aggregate stability by mean-weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), fractal dimension (FD), percentage of aggregate destruction (PAD) and unstable aggregates index (ELT).ResultsAfter 8 years continuous film mulching, soil quality was significantly improved. Compared with CK, mulching could decrease soil bulk density (2.96%-4.54%), and increase soil porosity (2.45%-4.00%), soil macroaggregate content (7.39%-22.92% by dry-sieving, 8.49%-21.67% by wet-sieving), soil aggregate stability and crop yield (29.98%-63.96%), especially under S and D treatments. D and S significantly improved soil structure (soil aggregate content and stability) with the increase of crop root biomass (43.59%, and 47.25%, respectively), compared with other mulching treatments. The root system characteristic parameters under S and D treatment were significantly higher than R and P, especially during 60–120 days after planting.ConclusionsOn the whole, the S treatment has a greater effect on crop yield increase and soil quality improve, and thus it was suggested as an effective mulching pattern on stimulate and stable crop yields in the Loess Plateau of China.
Impacts of climate change on streamflow based on ensemble GCM outputs and RCP scenarios: A case study in Kelantan river basin, Malaysia
Authors: Husain Mohd Khardzir , Sidek Lariyah Mohd , Hayder Gasim , Ahmed Ali Najah , Mohd Mohd Syazwan Faisal , Chow Ming Fai
Published: June 2022

Trend analysis of historical and future climatic precipitation was investigated in the Kelantan River Basin over the past (1985–2016) and future periods (2020-2050) under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. The Mann-Whitney test was adopted to compare the variations of the historical and projected precipitation data. The Mann-Kendall test and Sen slope were employed to determine the extent of the changes. The historical data showed a significant increase in January (3.5 mm/month) and during Northeast Monsoon (DJF), followed by a significant decreasing trend in September (-3.7 mm/month). The Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) was used to simulate streamflow and calibrated with the observation data. Our findings based on an ensemble of ten Global Climate Models (GCMs) suggest that future discharge tends to be lesser (45.1%) in May during mid-2020-2039 and higher (41.1%) in August during 2040-2059 against the baseline period (1985-2000). The projected future scenarios with the reduction in streamflow will probably exacerbate the water stress issue in the region.
Distribution and variation of organophosphate esters in the tree rings of arbor
Authors: Song Jiaojiao , Xiong Xiaoyu , Yin Hongling , Xiong Yuanming , Fang Shuhong
Published: June 2022

Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are a kind of emerging pollutants. Tree trunks are long-lasting reservoirs of OPEs in the environment. Using tree rings to study the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of emerging pollutants - OPEs has a good indication of the use of OPEs in the region, and provides scientific support for the prevention and control of emerging pollutants such as OPEs. At present, the research on OPEs in tree rings is almost blank. In this study, gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to quantitatively analyze 6 kinds of OPEs in tree rings of 5 tree species from Sichuan Province, China. Its distribution characteristics and inter-annual variation were discussed and the pollution process of OPEs in this area was inferred. The results showed that Σ6OPEs concentration in tree rings ranged from 189.79 (Fir) to 341.23 ng/g (Toona sinensis), with an average of 284.77 ± 46.66 ng/g. There was no significant difference in the distribution of OPEs among the 5 kinds of trees and the dominant monomer was TBEP resulting that arbor could be seen as a good passive sampler to show the historical changes of OPEs in the regional environment. Interestingly, the absorption and accumulation of arbors to OPEs was quite different from that to inorganic elements reported by other studies. Concentrations of TEHP and TnBP in each ring sample of the 5 arbor species were stable, while concentrations of the other 4 monomers fluctuated significantly.
Spiro-3-indolin-2-ones: Synthesis, biological properties and computational studies
Authors: Fawazy Nehmedo G. , Panda Siva S. , Mostafa Ahmed , Kariuki Benson M. , Bekheit Mohamed S. , Moatasim Yassmin , Kutkat Omnia , Fayad Walid , El-Manawaty May A. , Soliman Ahmed A. F. , El-Shiekh Riham A. , S Aladdin M. , Barghash Reham F. , Girgis Adel S.
Published: June 2022

A series of 1''-(alkylsulfonyl)-dispiro[indoline-3,2'-pyrrolidine-3',3''-piperidine]-2,4''-diones 6a‒o has been synthesized through regioselective multi-component azomethine dipolar cycloaddition reaction of 1-(alkylsulfonyl)-3,5-bis(ylidene)-piperidin-4-ones 3a‒h. X-ray diffraction studies (6b‒d,h) confirmed the structures. The majority of the synthesized analogs reveal promising antiproliferation properties against a variety of human cancer cell lines (MCF7, HCT116, A431 and PaCa2) with good selectivity index towards normal cell (RPE1). Some of the synthesized agents exhibit potent inhibitory properties against the tested cell lines with higher efficacies than the standard references (sunitinib and 5-fluorouracil). Compound 6m is the most potent. Multi-targeted inhibitory properties against EGFR and VEGFR-2 have been observed for the synthesized agents. Flow cytometry supports the antiproliferation properties and shows the tested agents as apoptosis and necrosis forming. Vero cell viral infection model demonstrates the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of the synthesized agents. Compound 6f is the most promising (about 3.3 and 4.8 times the potency of the standard references, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine). QSAR models explain and support the observed biological properties.
DIAGNOdent versus International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) in Detection of Incipient Carious Lesions: A Diagnostic Accuracy study
Authors: Shaalan Omar
Published: June 2022

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Hanshiyi Formula treatment in patients with COVID-19: study protocol and statistical analysis plan (SAP) of an open-label randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Jin Meiying , Ren Jixiang , Ma Jing , Gao Zezheng , Wei Yu , Han Lin , Liu Lei , Zhang Xiaowen , Zheng Xu , Su Jing , Liu Yangyang , Tang Cheng , Ding Qiyou , Yao Chensi , Bao Tingting , Yang Haoyu , Lin Jianran , Chen Keyu , Chen Jia , Gou Xiaowen , Zhou Danni , Kang Mengjiao , Zhao Linhua , Zhu Guoqi , Deng Yongzhi , Zhang Ying
Published: June 2022

Background
As COVID-19 continues to spread rapidly in 2019, the risks to human health cannot be underestimated. There is still lack of antiviral drugs for COVID-19, and the development of effective treatments is urgent. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of epidemic infectious diseases, The purpose of this randomized controlled clinical trial will to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Hanshiyi Formula (HSYF) in patients with COVID-19.
Methods
We will conduct this randomized, controlled, open, non-inferiority test clinical study in 240 COVID-19 subjects. Eligible patients will be divided into a control group ( LH granule ) or a treatment group ( HSYF ) in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention duration will be 14 days, and the medication could be stopped in advance if the discharge standard was reached. Clinical efficacy measures will be analyzed at baseline and on day 1–14 of enrollment, The occurrence of adverse events will be monitored throughout the trial. The statistical analysis plan included the treatment of missing data, the analysis of outcome measures, and the method of safety endpoints.
Discussion
To investigate the efficacy and safety of HSYF in the treatment of COVID-19, provide more sufficient high-quality evidence-based medical basis for TCM intervention in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19. To avoid selective reporting bias and data-driven analysis, the statistical analysis plan will standardize the statistical analysis of clinical trials.
Trial registration:
Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR2200058384. Version V1.2, created on April 11, 2022.https://www.chictr.org.cn/com/25/hvshowproject.aspx?id=159938.
Influence of the Surface Modification of Granular Activated Carbon Sintetized from Macauba on Heavy Metals Sorption
Authors: Rios Regiane D. F. , Bueno Patrícia J. B. , Terra Júlio C. S. , Moura Flávia
Published: June 2022

Adsorption on activated carbon is a promising technique for treatment of low-concentration heavy metal pollutants in water with high efficiency and simple operation. However, commercial activated carbon is often associated with high costs. Therefore, much attention has been given to activated carbon derived from low-cost agricultural and residual biomass. In this work, adsorption of Zn, Cd, and Pb ions in aqueous solutions were conducted using granular activated carbon obtained from macauba palm, biomass waste of biofuel production, after surface modification using different methods. The adsorbents were obtained in granular form which facilitates all steps of the use, recovery and reuse of the material, differently from the powdered activated carbon normally used. The materials were characterized by using XPS, elemental analysis, N2 sorption (BET method) and zeta potential measurements and presented high adsorption capacities of the metals when compared to other works in the literature.
Myanmar’s Economic Structure during the Transition Period
Authors: THEIN EI EI , Inaba Kazuo
Published: June 2022

Following the political and economic reform in 2011, Myanmar’s economy has been internationally recognized as having developing status with over 7% average GDP growth. This study’s main objective is to examine Myanmar’s basic economic structure and sectoral expansion during the economic reformation between 2010 and 2015 in comparison to those of other ASEAN countries. The data for the analyses are taken from the Eora global database and the Asian Development Bank’s (ADB’s) database. During 2010–2015, the gross production expansion of Myanmar was 1.78 times, the highest growth record among the selected countries. Despite its high economic growth, Myanmar’s economic structure does not show remarkable change within this period. Domestic demand dominates Myanmar’s output growth and import and export shares in gross production are very low (around 1% export and 4% import). The petroleum, chemical and nonmetallic mineral industry shows high forward linkages. On the other hand, backward linkages are high in transport equipment. Analysis of sectoral deviations from proportional growth (DPGs) shows that Myanmar’s production growth is mainly attributed to the public administration and construction sectors, which boom because of increased investment and consumption. Keywords: Economic structure, sectoral expansion, forward linkages, backward linkages, deviations from proportional growth
Determining the effective dose of esketamine for mitigating pain during propofol injection by the sequential method
Authors: zeng wei , Tan Meiyun , Zhang Chunyuan , Chen Maofang , Huang Zehui , Huang Ding
Published: June 2022

BackgroundPropofol is an intravenous (IV) anesthetic medication widely used for procedural sedation, operative anesthesia, and in intensive care units (ICUs), but the incidence of pain during IV infusion can reach 28–90%. Ketamine can attenuate pain associated with IV propofol injection through local and central analgesic effects. Ketamine is gradually being transitioned to its S-enantiomer, esketamine, which has a similar mechanism of action. The purpose of our study is to determine the half effective dose (ED50), 95% effective dose (ED95), and 99% effective dose (ED99) of esketamine for attenuating propofol injection pain using the sequential method to provide a reference for optimal dose selection for surgeries and procedures.MethodsWe selected 30 patients, 18–40 years old, who were scheduled to undergo hysteroscopy in the gynecology department of our hospital from June 2021 to June 2022, with a body mass index (BMI) of 18.5–24.9 kg/m2; Mallampati class I or II; and American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class I or II. Esketamine combined with propofol was used for general anesthesia induction. During induction, the target dose of esketamine was first given via venous access in the left hand of the patient, and 30 s later, a fixed dose of 2 mg/kg (1 ml/s) of propofol was given. Patient perception of pain was scored with the verbal rating scale (VRS) every 5 s after the start of the propofol infusion, and the evaluation was stopped once the patient became unresponsive. The esketamine dose was increased or decreased based on patient’s pain response using the sequential method. The initial dose was 0.2 mg/kg and the subsequent sequential dose was 0.02 mg/kg.ResultsThe ineffective group comprised patients with a positive pain response and the effective group comprised patients with a negative pain response. We found esketamine’s ED50 = 0.143 mg/kg (0.120, 0.162 mg/kg), ED95 = 0.176 mg/kg (0.159, 0.320 mg/kg), and ED99 = 0.189 mg/kg (0.167, 0.394 mg/kg). The esketamine dose and VRS score during propofol injection were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05), whereas surgical duration, emergence time, visual analogue scale (VAS) score of postoperative uterine contraction pain, and Riker sedation/anxiety scale (SAS) score were not significantly different. All patients were hemodynamically stable at induction and we observed no obvious adverse reactions.ConclusionSmall doses of esketamine combined with propofol can be safely and effectively used for hysteroscopic surgery. We recommended a dose of 0.2 mg/kg IV esketamine before induction of anesthesia to reduce the pain of propofol injection.Trial registrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100048951. Date of registration: July 19, 2021.
The Implication of Spatial-Dispersion Theory in Housing Genotypes of Boushehri Historic and Contemporary Houses
Authors: Nadoomi Rahil , Sharghi Ali , Sheybani Mehdi , Pour Bahram Saleh Sedgh
Published: June 2022

Home has always been an important topic in research. In each region, houses change over time under different economic, social, cultural, climatic, and other conditions. Although these gradual changes have occurred to improve the spatial conditions of houses, it has led to a decline in the environmental quality and sometimes their technical efficiency. It is possible to redefine contemporary housing by spatially analyzing houses and discovering genotypes in a particular climate. This study uses space syntax algorithms in the syntactic plugin in Grasshopper to conduct various analyses and combine them with visual analysis extracted from Depth Map. House genotypes are discovered by factor analysis in SPSS. The case study is the coastal and historical city of Bushehr in the south of Iran. The sample size is 45 houses from 3historical periods selected by non-random purposeful sampling. The results indicate that the houses in Bushehr have 4genotypes, each of which has positive characteristics that can be generalized to contemporary housing architecture.
NADH oxidase of Mycoplasma synoviae is a potential diagnostic antigen, plasminogen/fibronectin binding protein and a putative adhesin
Authors: Hu Zengjin , Li Haoran , Wang Guijun , Shang Yuanbing , Chen Yuetong , Zhao Yuxin , Wang Shaohui , Tian Mingxing , Qi Jingjing , Yu Shengqing
Published: June 2022

Background
Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is an important pathogen that causes respiratory diseases and arthritis in chickens and turkeys, resulting in serious economic losses to the poultry industry. Membrane-associated proteins were thought to play important roles in cytoadherence and pathogenesis. NADH oxidase (NOX) is a kind of oxidoreductase involved in glycolysis, which was thought to be a multifunctional protein and a potential virulence factor in some pathogens. However, there was still little knowledge about the NOX of MS (MSNOX). Our previous study has proved that the MSNOX was not only a cytoplasmic metabolic enzyme, but was also distributed in MS membrane. This study was mainly to explore the potential as a diagnostic antigen and an adhesion of the NOX in MS.
Results
In this study, Western blot analysis showed that recombinant MSNOX (rMSNOX) protein could react with positive sera against different MS isolates, but not MG isolates or other avian pathogens, suggesting the rMSNOX is a potential diagnostic antigen. In addition, the rabbit anti-rMSNOX serum showed a complement-dependent mycoplasmacidal rate as high as 86.5%. MS NOX protein has been identified as a cytoplasmic enzyme in our previous study, it was identified to be distributed on the surface of MS in this study using suspension immunofluorescence assays. Indirect immunofluorescence assays and colony counting assays showed that the rMSNOX and MS could adhere to DF-1 cells and the adherence could be significantly inhibited by the rabbit anti-rMSNOX serum. Moreover, plasminogen (Plg)- and fibronectin (Fn)-binding assays showed that rMSNOX was able to bind to Plg and Fn in a dose-dependent manner, further confirmed that MSNOX could be a putative adhesin.
Conclusion
The MSNOX was identified to be a surface immunogenic protein which also has good immunoreactivity and specificity, suggesting it may be used as a potential diagnostic antigen in future. The rMSNOX and MS presented adherence to DF-1 cells, which were inhibited by the rabbit anti-rMSNOX serum. Moreover, rMSNOX showed cytoadherence to extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins including Plg and Fn, suggesting that the NOX may play important roles in cytoadherence and pathogenesis of MS.
Van der Waals interactions regulating the hydration of 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, the constructing monomer of biocompatible polymers
Authors: Takahashi Masae , Chen Sifan , Matsui Hiroshi , Morimoto Nobuyuki , Ikemoto Yuka
Published: June 2022

Van der Waals (VDW) interactions provide fantastic properties for biological systems that function at room temperature. The VDW interaction, which primarily contributes to weak hydrogen bonding, is expected to play a key role in regulating hydrophobic hydration to express the biologically inert biocompatible function of polymerized MPCs (2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine). This report explores the biologically inert function of polymerized MPCs at the molecular level through an array of vibrational spectroscopic and computational characterization of MPC monomers as temperature-dependent change of intramolecular weak hydrogen bonding. Synchrotron Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy and terahertz time-domain spectroscopy were used to investigate temperature-dependent spectral changes in the low-frequency vibrations of the MPC over the temperature range from cryogenic to room temperature, and the results were analyzed by highly reliable and well-established density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Complicated spectral features in the low-frequency energy region and the uncertain conformations of the MPC in the amorphous powder state are clearly resolved under a polarizable continuum model and dispersion correction to pure DFT calculations.
Reducing VEGFB accelerates NAFLD and insulin resistance in mice via inhibiting AMPK signaling pathway
Authors: Li Rongrong , Li Yuqi , Yang Xueling , Hu Yaorui , Yu Haining , Li yana
Published: June 2022

Objective: Vascular endothelial growth factor B (VEGFB) was regarded to improve lipid metabolism and reduce obesity-related hyperlipidemia. Whether VEGFB participates in lipid metabolism in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has not been clear yet. This study investigated the involvement of VEGFB in lipid metabolism and insulin resistance via the AMPK signaling pathway in NAFLD. Methods: We constructed the animal and cell model of NAFLD after VEGFB gene knockout to detect liver damage and metabolism in NAFLD. Bioinformatics analysis of VEGFB and the AMPK signaling pathway relative genes to verify the differential proteins. And mRNA levels of NAFLD fatty acid metabolism-related genes were detected.Results: Our study found that after high-fat diet (HFD), body fat content, serum lipoprotein and NAFLD scores of VEGFB knockout mice increased, and insulin resistance was distinct. The phosphorylation level of proteins in the AMPK / ACC / CPT1 was descended after reducing VEGFB, so as to inhibit the oxidation of fatty acids in hepatocytes mitochondria.Conclusion: Consequently, reducing VEGFB also increased the expression level of proteins in the AMPK / SREBP1 / Scd1 pathway and resulted in endoplasmic reticulum lipid synthesis.
The Correlation Study of C5 Nerve Palsy after Anterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion：A Retrospective Study
Authors: Wang Liang , Jiang Jiayao , Zhao Hongbo , Zhang Bangke , Lu Xuhua , Liu Tielong
Published: June 2022

Background: Anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) is the gold standard surgical treatment for cervical degenerative disease. Postoperative C5 nerve root palsy is a known complication following cervical spine surgery. The etiology of postoperative C5 nerve root palsy remains unknown. This study was performed to determine the characteristics that may predict a risk of developing C5 palsy in patients following anterior cervical decompression and fusion (ACDF) as measured by cervical vertebral lateral radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods: Radiographic parameters were measured by cervical vertebral lateral radiography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and recorded. The anteroposterior diameter (APD), left and right ipsilateral foraminal diameters, and left and right cord-lamina angles were measured on preoperative MRI of the cervical vertebra and recorded. Additionally, we measured two parameters on preoperative and postoperative (within 2 weeks of the procedure) lateral plain-film radiographs: the cervical spine angle and cervical lordosis.Results: 21 patients with C5 nerve palsy and 175 controls were identified. There were no baseline differences in the left and right foraminal diameters. The APD, left and right cord-lamina angles, and cervical curvature correction were significantly different between the two groups (P < 0.05).Conclusions: For patients with ACDF, a smaller APD and excessive cervical curvature are correlated with C5 palsy. Excessive reconstruction of cervical curvature should not be performed in patients with preoperative foraminal narrowing.
Biallelic loss of LDB3 leads to a lethal pediatric dilated cardiomyopathy
Authors: Jamshidi Yalda , Koopmann Tamara , Naghibi-Sistani Mohammadreza , Klift Heleen M. van der , Birjandi Hassan , Al-Hassnan Zuhair , Alwadai Abdullah , Zifarelli Giovanni , Karimiani Ehsan Ghayoor , Sedighzadeh Sahar , Bahreini Amir , Nouri Nayereh , Peter Merlene , Watanabe Kae , Duyvenvoorde Hermine van , Ruivenkamp Claudia , Teunissen Aalbertine , Harkel Arend Ten , Duinen Sjoerd van , Haak Monique , Prada Carlos , Santen Gijs , Maroofian Reza
Published: June 2022

Autosomal dominant variants in LDB3 (also known as ZASP), encoding the PDZ-LIM domain-binding factor, have been linked to a late onset phenotype of cardiomyopathy and myofibrillar myopathy in humans. However, despite knockout mice displaying a much more severe phenotype with premature death, bi-allelic variants in LDB3 have not yet been reported. Here we identify biallelic loss-of-function variants in five unrelated cardiomyopathy families by next generation sequencing. In the first family we identified compound heterozygous LOF variants in LDB3 in a fetus with bilateral talipes and mild left cardiac ventricular enlargement. Ultra-structural examination revealed highly irregular Z-disc formation, and RNA analysis demonstrated little/no expression of LDB3 protein with a functional C-terminal LIM domain in muscle tissue from the affected fetus. In a second family a homozygous LDB3 nonsense variant was identified in a young girl with severe early onset dilated cardiomyopathy with left ventricular non compaction; the same homozygous nonsense variant was identified in a third unrelated female infant with dilated cardiomyopathy. We further identified homozygous LDB3 frameshift variants in two unrelated probands diagnosed with cardiomegaly and severely reduced left ventricular ejection fraction. Our findings demonstrate that recessive LDB3 variants can lead to an early-onset severe human phenotype of cardiomyopathy and myopathy, reminiscent of the knockout mouse phenotype, and supporting a loss of function mechanism.
Predicting Mechanical Properties of Material Extrusion Additive Manufacturing-Fabricated Structures with Limited Information: Harnessing Entanglement Theory and Modeling
Authors: Peterson Amy M. , Kazmer David O.
Published: June 2022

Mechanical properties of additively manufactured structures fabricated using material extrusion additive manufacturing are predicted through combining thermal modeling with entanglement theory and molecular dynamics approaches. A one-dimensional model of heat transfer in a single road width wall is created and validated against both thermography and mechanical testing results. Various model modifications are investigated to determine which heat transfer considerations are important to predicting properties. This approach was able to predict tear energies on reasonable scales with minimal information about the polymer. Such an approach is likely to be applicable to a wide range of amorphous and low crystallinity thermoplastics.
Panel containing four serum microRNAs has potential to diagnose bladder cancer
Authors: Li Xinji , Lu Chong , Wen Zhenyu , Li Rongkang , Chen Xuan , Huang Guocheng , Li Hang , Tao Lingzhi , Hu Yimin , Zhao Zhengping , Chen Zebo , Wu Xionghui , Lai Yongqing
Published: June 2022

Background
Bladder cancer (BC) is one of the ten most common cancers in the world with late detection and low age of onset. There is abundant evidence that for the management of BC, the earlier detection and timely intervention, the better the prognosis. Substantial evidence indicates that microRNAs (miRNAs) are specific to different tumor types and have remarkable stability, so serum miRNAs can serve as potential cancer diagnostic markers.
Methods
The serum samples including 112 BC patients and 112 non-cancer controls (NCs) were gathered as research objects and detected with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) for verifying the discrepant miRNAs. A panel containing multi-miRNAs was established with superior diagnostic performance. Database of TCGA and KEGG was exerted for survival analysis and bioinformatics analysis, respectively.
Results
Six serum miRNAs (miR-221-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-98-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-222-3p and miR-197-3p) were significantly aberrant in BC patients, among which four miRNAs (miR-221-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-15a-5p, miR-222-3p) were assembled into a panel with high diagnostic value (AUC = 0.875) based on logistic regression analysis. Survival analysis showed that miR-181a-5p was closely related to BC prognosis.
Conclusion
The four-miRNAs combination (miR-221-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-15a-5p and miR-222-3p) may become a novel non-invasive serological biomarker for BC screening.
Synthesis of Metallic Glassy Cu-Zr-Ni Decorated with Big Cube Zr 2 Ni Powders and their Subsequent use as Superior Antibiofilm Coating Materials
Authors: Aldhameer Ahmad , El-Eskandarany M. Sherif , Banyan Mohmmad , Alajmi Fahad , Kishk Mohmed
Published: June 2022

Surface engineering is concerned with the design and modification of the surfaces of bulk materials in order to give certain physical, chemical, and technical qualities that were not intrinsically included in the original bulk materials. Metallic glassy alloys containing copper and titanium, have lately emerged as desired antibacterial coating materials that may be used as protective coating. Cold spray coating method is an ideal process for temperature sensitive materials. The present investigation aim to develop a novel antibiofilm compound consisting of ternary Cu-Zr-Ni metallic glassy powders. At a temperature that was slightly higher than their glass transition temperatures, the spherical powders that made up the final product were used as feed stock materials for cold spray coatings applied to stainless steel substrates. It was discovered that the presence of the supercooled liquid region in the powders made the cold spray process more efficient, which ultimately led to the development of a technique of adhesion that was unparalleled in its efficiency. In addition, as compared to stainless steel by itself, the substrates that had been coated with metallic glassy were able to considerably suppress the development of E. coli colonies by at least one log
Closed Form Model to Investigate the Microstrip Metamaterial Antenna for Wireless Applications
Authors: Biswas Manotosh , Biswas Biplab , Kumar Sanjay
Published: June 2022

A set of closed form expressions is proposed to compute the negative permittivity, the resonant frequency, the quality factor, the bandwidth, the input impedance and the gain of a coaxial probe fed microstrip metamaterial antenna. It is based on the cavity model, the transmission line model, the dynamic permittivity and the parallel resonant R-L-C circuit. The numerical results are compared with experimental results available in open literature and our new experimental results. We have also employed electromagnetic simulator to validate the model.
The use of gels in localized dechlorination treatments of metallic cultural heritage objects
Authors: Fontaine Clémence , Lemoine Stéphane , Meziani charlene Pele , Guilminot Elodie
Published: June 2022

Gels were used to perform localized dechlorination treatments on ferrous or copper alloy archaeological objects. Agar gel (3%w) was used as a medium for the electrolyte, a 1%w KNO3 solution. Localized electrolysis with gel was carried out using the same parameters as immersion electrolysis. This study shows that the technique results in the efficient extraction of chlorides. To determine the end of treatment, two tools were validated: determining the quantity of chlorides present in the gels by XRF and monitoring the oxygen consumption of an object before and after treatment.
Study of weak measurement amplification in simple optomechanical systems
Authors: DAS MANOJ
Published: June 2022

We have studied the ampliﬁcation in displacement of the mechanical mirror in a simple optomechanical system. Here photon number acts as system and the mirror acts as the meter. In the weak coupling condition, post selection of the photon number operator enhance the value of mirror displacement. The displacement of the mirror depends on the weak value of the photon number operator and on the value of relative phase(φ) between the pre and post selected states. Ampliﬁcation of the mirror can be seen for maximum coupling strength(.25Ω m ) in weak coupling criteria for optomechanical systems, Ωm being the mechanical frequency.
PTBP3 promotes tumorigenesis of glioblastoma by stabilizing Twist1
Authors: Xie Peng , Zhang Yueqing , Chen Rui , Zheng Jinyu , Cui Gang
Published: June 2022

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignancy tumor of central nervous system. PTBP3 was closely associated with the development of tumor. However, the function and mechanism of PTBP3 in GBM is little known. We found that PTBP3 was upregulated in GBM, and higher expression of PTBP3 corrected with the poor survival of GBM patients. Knockdown PTBP3 reduced proliferation, EMT, invasion, and migration of GBM. Conversely, overexpressing PTBP3 has an opposite effect. Moreover, we found that PTBP3 stabilized Twist1 by decreasing its ubiquitination and degradation. Furthermore, orthotopic xenograft models were used to demonstrate the PTBP3 on the development of GBM in vivo. This study proved that PTBP3 promoted tumorigenesis of GBM by stabilizing Twist1, which provided a new therapeutic target for GBM.
Energy budgeting, sensitivity analysis and greenhouse gas emission from rice production system: a case study from the coastal ecosystem of Goa, India
Authors: Paramesh Venkatesh , Kumar Parveen , K Manohara K , K Viswanatha Reddy. , Jinger Dinesh , Das Bappa
Published: June 2022

In recent years, energy consumption and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are of major concern across the globe In this context, using data envelopment analysis, a study was done to determine the energy usage pattern and efficiency of rice farmers in the coastal state. The results showed that rice production systems had energy use efficiency, energy productivity, net energy, and human energy profitability of 2.40, 0.16 MJ/kg, 15728 MJ/ha, and 42.8, respectively. 5 and 21 farmers were judged to be efficient based on technical and pure technical efficiency, respectively. The mean scale efficiency of inefficient farmers was 0.68 which indicated the scope for refining agricultural practices to input use. Nitrogen, farmyard manure, and seeds have a positive impact on crop yield, whereas labor and diesel harm both crop yield and energy, according to the econometric model. The main non-renewable inputs contributing to GHG emissions are nitrogen fertiliser (72.1 kg CO2 eq./ha), fuel (68.5 kg CO2 eq./ha), and machinery (68.9 kg CO2 eq./ha). Indirect (81.7%) and non-renewable (73.8%) energy consumption was found to be higher than direct (18.3%) and renewable energy consumption (26.2%). Our findings suggested that farmers in this region should use conservation tillage and better crop management strategies to save energy and minimize GHG emissions.
Genesis and geological significance of Granitic Rocks in Eastern South-Altun Orogenic Belt
Authors: YE Yu , CHENG chao , LI WuSheng , YANG GuoJun , XI AiHua , DENG HongBing , YANG SongYu , 李 Xi
Published: June 2022

Aim at the problems that the genesis and deep dynamic mechanism of Paleozoic-Mesozoic granites in the north western margin of South Altun Mountains have not been analyzed on the whole, systematic petrographic and elemental geochemistry studies on granites in the eastern segment of South Altun Mountains were carried out. The lithology of the area is mainly granite, granodiorite and monzonite, with SiO2 of 57.35% ~ 88.11%, Al2O3 of 3.84%~19.56%, and total alkali content 1.00%~9.92%, with different degrees of Eu (Eu is 0.24~1.04), which belongs to the alkalic-alkali calcic-calc alkalic-calcic series, all of which have the characteristics of peraluminous, enrichment of large ion lithophile elements(LILE) and loss of high field strength elements(HFSE). Based on the results of previous studies and the classification of Sr-Yb, the Palaeo-mesozoic magmatism in this area can be divided into six episode: episode 1 (484-458 Ma) is the Nanling Mountains I-type granite, which may be derived from partial melts of metamorphic basalts; episode 2 (450~406 Ma) is Himalayan and Zhejiang mixed type granites, which have I-S and S type granites respectively, and the source areas are partial melts products of garnet amphibolite and metamorphic mudstone sandstone respectively; episode 3 (404~385 Ma) is the Nanling Mountains A2-type granite, which may be the partial melts product of the granodiorite at low pressure ; episode 4 (380~343 Ma) is the post-collisional uplifts of the Adakite and Zhejiang type granites, which are of type I granite and are related to the crustal detachment;and episode 5 (253~280 Ma) is the Nanling Mountains S type granites, It may be derived from the partial melts of metamorphic mudstone, which is the product of the closure of the Tethys Ocean; episode 6(154 ~ 230 Ma) is Himalayan I-type granite, and the source area is the partial melts product of meta-sandstone, which is related to subduction of residual ocean basin.
Genome-wide analysis of genes encoding core components of the ubiquitin system during cerebral cortex development
Authors: Bouron Alexandre , FAUVARQUE Marie-Odile
Published: June 2022

Ubiquitination involves three types of enzymes (E1, E2, E3) acting sequentially to attach ubiquitin (Ub) to target proteins. This post-translational modification controls key cellular processes like the degradation of proteins, endocytosis, subcellular localization and activity of proteins. The ubiquitination, which can be reversed by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs), plays important roles during brain development. Furthermore, deregulation of the Ub system is linked to the pathogenesis of various diseases including neurodegenerative disorders. We have used a publicly available RNAseq database to conduct an extensive genome-wide gene expression analysis of the core components of the Ub machinery, covering Ub genes as well as E1, E2, E3 and DUB genes. The ubiquitination network was merely governed by Uba1 and Ube2m, the predominant E1 and E2 genes, respectively. There expression was positively regulated during cortical formation. The principal genes coding for HECT (homologous to the E6-AP carboxyl terminus), RBR (RING-in-between-RING), and RING (really interesting new gene) E3 Ub ligases were also prominently regulated. Pja1, Dtx3 (RING ligases) and Stub1 (U-box RING) were the most highly expressed E3 Ub ligase genes and displayed distinct developmental expression patterns. Moreover, > 80 DUB genes were expressed during corticogenesis with two prominent actors Uch-l1 and Usp22 that were strongly up-regulated. Several components of the Ub system overexpressed in cancers were highly expressed in the cerebral cortex under conditions not related to tumour formation or progression. Altogether, this work provides an in-depth overview of the transcriptomic changes during the embryonic formation of the cerebral cortex. The data also offer new insight for the characterization of the Ub system and may contribute to a better understanding of its involvement in the pathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders.
Analysis and optimization for influencing factors of angled SV wave EMAT detection in high-temperature aluminum alloy
Authors: He Min , Shi Wenze , Lu Chao , Chen Guo , Liu Yuan , Chen Yao , Zhu Ying , Chengxun FU , Dong Dexiu
Published: June 2022

A field-circuit coupled finite element (FE) model of an angled vertical shear vertical wave (SV wave) electromagnetic acoustic transducer (EMAT) was established to investigate influencing factors of angled SV wave EMAT in high-temperature aluminum alloy detection. The FE model also considered equivalent circuits of the EMAT excitation and reception. Based on the FE model, we investigated the effect of temperature on the excitation current from the EMAT excitation equivalent circuit, EMAT generation efficiency, ultrasonic propagation and acoustic radiation field, EMAT reception efficiency, and output gain of the EMAT reception equivalent circuit. Subsequently, the influence of temperature on the detected ultrasonic wave signal was analyzed with a constant frequency method (CFM) of 2 MHz and variable frequency method (VFM) and verified by the experimental measurement with the aluminum alloy with temperatures ranging from 20°C to 440°C. The results show that for non-ferromagnetic metal materials such as aluminum alloy, the main reason for the declining ultrasonic amplitude at high temperatures is that the ultrasonic attenuation coefficient increases with the increasing temperature, followed by the power changing characteristics of the EMAT excitation and reception circuit with the rising temperature. When the temperature rises, the equivalent resistance of the excitation coil increases, the current of the equivalent excitation circuit and the input voltage of the preamplifier from the reception equivalent circuit decline, and the output gain decreases. With the increase in temperature, the experimental amplitude of the angled SV wave shows a downward trend. When the temperature is 440 ℃, the amplitude of the angled SV wave with VFM is 42.85% higher than that with CFM, and the SNR is enhanced by 4.9 dB. The application of VFM to detect high-temperature aluminum alloy can significantly increase the ultrasonic signal amplitude and improve the SNR of ultrasonic waves.
Flood as a fine scale driver of both floristic and functional differentiation in a ripariansystem
Authors: Miranda¹ Kaline Fernandes , Coelho² Polyanne Aparecida , Araújo Felipe de Carvalho , Morelli Mariana Caroline Moreira Morelli Caroline Moreira , Pereira Diego Gualberto Sales , de Paula Gabriela Gomes Pires , de Souza Cléber Rodrigo , Santos Rubens Manoel dos
Published: June 2022

Flood forests are vegetation subject to seasonal floods. Situated in flood plains, they are systems under continuous changes due to the pulses of flooding, following the watercourse. Although these are singular ecosystems, there are little publications that report the floristic structure in floodplains, especially in Southeastern Brazil. This study aimed to characterize the composition, structure and diversity of the arboreal community in a flooding gradient, comparing them with the non-flood adjacent formations, at the mouth of Paracatu River, a tributary of São Francisco River, Minas Gerais, Brazil. For the structural survey of the arboreal community, we used the plot method, installed on both sides of Paracatu River. The individuals were identified at the species level. We sampled 1,276 individuals belonging to 85 species and 32 families. The Shannon Index (H`) regarding to the total sampling was of 3.40 nat.ind, with Pielou evenness index (J`) of 0.76. In terms of species importance, the six most important species comprised 46% of the total index of importance value. By means of similarity analysis, it was possible to verify the grouping of species along the ecounits, demonstrating the substitution of species along habitats, resulted of the temporal difference of the flooding in the environments. In conclusion, the flooding regimes, frequency and intensity determine the ecology of the river plains.
Summer sunlight impacts carbon turnover in a spatially heterogeneous Patagonian woodland
Authors: Berenstecher Paula , Vivanco Lucia , Austin Amy T.
Published: June 2022

Purpose
We evaluated the importance of dry season (summer) sunlight on carbon (C) turnover in a Mediterranean-type climate ecosystem in the context of spatially heterogenous distribution of vegetation.
Methods
We manipulated summer sunlight exposure of litter and soil at the ecosystem scale in a natural Patagonian woodland over two years and evaluated its effect on C turnover in litter and surface soil. We measured decomposition of standing dead litter of dominant grass and shrub species, changes in labile C pools in soil microsites with and without plant litter, and potential enzyme activity of litter and both soil microsites, evaluating seasonal and legacy effects of summer sunlight exposure.
Results
Summer sunlight exposure significantly increased standing litter decomposition for both shrub and grass litter (p < 0.05). Additionally, summer sunlight significantly increased labile carbohydrate availability (saccharification) and potential microbial enzymatic activity of grass (but not shrub) litter. Interestingly, summer sunlight exposure also had effects on soil, reducing by 50% labile organic C while stimulating potential extracellular enzyme activity in both soil microsites, with and without plant litter.
Conclusion
Summer sunlight accelerates C loss from standing litter and soil consistently across patches of heterogeneously distributed vegetation. In addition, sunlight exposure demonstrated carryover effects on the acceleration of grass litter decomposition in the following rainy season. These results suggest that summer sunlight is an important and lasting control of C turnover at the ecosystem scale even in seasonally and spatially heterogenous ecosystems.
Why continuous lateral prone position ventilation should be used for patients acute respiratory distress syndrome living in the plateau of Xining, Qinghai
Authors: Han Jinhai , Siqing Ma
Published: June 2022

Prone position ventilation improves oxygenation and reduces the mortality rate in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). However, conventional prone ventilation is not sufficient for patients with ARDS living at high altitudes. Accordingly, this report proposes the concept of continuous lateral prone ventilation, which achieves lung protection by improving arterial oxygen and lung compliance as well as reducing the driving pressure while applying positive end-expiratory pressure, in patients with ARDS living at plateaus.