bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the cross transferability of finger millet SSR markers and genetic diversity analysis in browntop millet (Brachiaria ramosa L. Stapf) based on microsatellite data and morphological traits
Authors: Rahul G.K , Bhavani  , C Nandini , L Ravi Kumar R.
Published: February 2025

Browntop millet (Brachiaria ramosaL. Stapf) holds cultural and agricultural significance in Southern India, serving as both a staple food for humans and fodder for livestock. Recently, its high fiber and protein content has gained public attention, making it popular as a nutritious grain. However, despite its nutritional benefits, the limited genomic information available for browntop millet has hindered breeding efforts. To address this knowledge gap, an assessment was made to test the transferability of SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) primers from finger millet to browntop millet, aiming to identify genetic polymorphism. In this study, 27 accessions of browntop millet were subjected to SSR analysis using 100 SSR primers developed for finger millet. Among the 100 primers tested, five were mono-nucleotide, 38 were di-nucleotide, 42 were tri-nucleotide, and 15 were tetra-nucleotide repeats. Initial screening of 100 primers on two browntop millet accessions GPUBT-2 and IC617953 showed 40 per cent and 42 per cent transferability. Among the 30 amplified primers screened on both browntop millet genotypes, one was a mono-nucleotide repeat, 16 were di-nucleotide repeats, and 13 were tri-nucleotide repeats. The analysis revealed that di-nucleotide repeats were the most common repeat type. 30 primers which showed amplification in both genotypes were used for screening 27 browntop millet genotypes. The PIC values of all the polymorphic loci for 25 browntop millet genotypes varied from 0 to 0.68, major allele frequency varied from 0.40 to 1, allele number varied from 1 to 5 and genetic diversity varied from 0 to 0.72. Cluster analysis combining morphological and molecular markers based on UPGMA method resulted in two major clusters. These findings demonstrate the potential for utilizing genomic resources from related millet species and highlight opportunities to enhance browntop millet breeding programs.
Effects of Chemical and Biological Inhibitors of Ethylene on Heat Tolerance in Annual Bluegrass
Authors: McBride Sean , Errickson William , Huang Bingru
Published: February 2025

Heat-stress-induced ethylene accumulation in plants inhibits growth and intensifies damage. Suppressing ethylene production in heat-stressed plants through chemical and biological inhibitors has been effective in promoting heat tolerance in plants. Aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), is a chemical ethylene inhibiter that impedes the ethylene synthesis enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase. Biological ethylene inhibitors include bacteria with ACC deaminase (ACCd) enzyme activity, which suppresses ethylene synthesis by breaking down its precursor, ACC. This study tested two ethylene inhibitors, AVG and a novel strain of the ACCd rhizobacteria Paraburkholderia aspalathi, ‘WSF23’, on annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) to see whether they are effective in promoting its heat tolerance. P. annua plants were subjected to heat stress conditions for 21 d in controlled-environment growth chambers. Plants were separated into three treatment groups: 1) 25 mL of water (untreated control); 2) 25 mL of 25 µmol AVG; 3) 25 mL of P. aspalathi inoculant suspension. Treatments were applied once before imposing temperature treatments and then every 7 d during 21 d of heat stress. Poa annua treated with either AVG or the P. aspalathi had higher turf quality, green canopy cover, leaf relative water content, and chlorophyll contents during heat stress than the untreated control. Additionally, root characteristics were promoted under heat stress after ethylene inhibitor application, where P. annua treated with AVG had greater root depth and dry weight, while the P. aspalathi treatment resulted in greater total root length. Both ethylene inhibitors improved P. annua performance under heat stress, as characterized by delayed chlorophyll degradation and root maintenance.
Honoring Botanical Discoveries: Uncovering Nature's Wonders
Authors: Alam Afroz
Published: February 2025

The strands that bind our knowledge of the natural world to the greater scheme of life on Earth are findings in botany. There are floral riches lurking just waiting to be found everywhere on Earth, from the depths of rainforests to the stark beauty of desolate deserts. These findings not only increase our understanding but also emphasize how vital it is to preserve and safeguard the planet's biodiversity.
Exploring Host-pathogen and Trichoderma strains Interaction in Lentil genotypes for the Management of Wilt
Authors: Namdev Ayushi , Tiwari Neha , Kumar Tapan , Johare Juhi , Saxena D R , Saxena Moly
Published: February 2025

Lentil wilt, attributed to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lentis, presents an enduring challenge in lentil farming. As agricultural practices veer towards sustainable disease management, investigating the intricate relationship between host plants, pathogen and antagonists, has become a focal point. In this regard, the present study suggests bio-control potential of three Trichoderma strains in four cultivated and nine new genotypes of lentil. T. viride exhibited maximum 67.57 per cent inhibition of F. oxysporum f. sp. lentis, (FOL) followed by T. harzianum strain-2 (65.48%) in dual culture assay. In field conditions, T. harzianum strain 1 displayed the maximum effectiveness, showing the minimum average wilt incidence 16.37 %, followed by T. harzianum strain-2 (19.28%) as compared to the control (35.18%). Furthermore, seed treatment with T. harzianum strain-2 significantly promoted root length, recorded average plant highest 10.67 cm in the cultivated genotypes, as compared to the control (9.09 cm). Similarly, the plant height, was also enhanced reaching up to 19.59 cm due to this treatment, followed closely by T. harzianum strain-1 (19.32 cm), while in  control it was significantly less i.e. 16.95 cm. Overall plant weight was also highest 22.47 gm in  T. harzianum strain-1 treated lentil seeds, followed by T. harzianum strain-2 (21.61 gm), superior to control (13.29 gm). Studies on endophytic nature of both the species of Trichoderma indicated that their colonization in genotypes is host dependent, the maximum 73 % was in LIRL 22-109 followed by ILL 10847 (69 %), this association is positively correlated with wilt incidence and significantly lowered down the wilt incidence 7.85 % and 9.45 %, respectively.    Compatibility assessment between Trichoderma strains and fungicides exhibited high compatibility of T. harzianum strain-2 (45.00 mm) and T. harzianum strain-1 (44.00 mm) with Propineb 70% WP. These interaction between Trichoderma strains and the lentil wilt signifies a hopeful integrated strategy for the disease suppression
Quality Evaluation of Various Millets and Other Grains Used in Traditional Indian Cuisine and Study of Their Nutritional Potential
Authors: Jamane Shamli R. , Kathale Payal S. , Sharma Shital K. , Agnihotri Adarsh K.
Published: February 2025

The evolution of food took place over time, along with the development of agricultural practices. Various species of food grains were identified, which significantly strengthen the food chain. Millets were used as the main ingredients of a daily diet, but over time, their use gradually decreased. Initially, the side effects of modern foods were not felt, but with an increase in lifestyle diseases, humans started realizing the bad effects of modern foods, which forced re-identification, protection, and revival of healthy foods. As a result, the health benefits of millets and other grains were re-identified and re-established. With the above facts, an attempt has been made to compare the nutritional strength of wheat with that of some important millet and other flours, focusing on their potential health benefits. This comparative study dealt with the evaluation of millet and other flours like rajgira or amaranth ramdana (Amaranth - Amaranthus caudatus L.), ragi ;finger millet - Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.], jowar (sorghum - Sorghum bicolor L. Syn.  Sorghum vulgare), bajra (pearl millet - Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.), singhada (chestnut - Trapa natans L.), chawal (rice - Oryza sativa L.), makka (maize – Zea mays L.) and gehu (wheat - Triticum aestivum L.) flour. An attempt has been made for standardization of various flours, primarily as per BIS and FSSAI guidelines, including moisture, pH, total and acid insoluble ash, bulk density, water and oil absorption capacity, swelling and foaming index, foam stability, emulsion stability, and emulsion activity, and a comparative assessment of their nutritional facts like total fat, total carbohydrates, dietary and crude fiber, calories, caffeine, protein, gluten, cholesterol, and sodium energy content, to reach conclusive recommendations. The obtained result revealed millets and rice are equal or high in possessing nutritional values compared to wheat flour and provide a significant contribution to a routine diet as a staple food.
Foliage of Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.: A potential antioxidant agent
Authors: Kumari Krishna , Kaushal Chhavi , Yadav Jyoti , Kumari Rashmi , Bhandari Nikkee
Published: February 2025

This study explores the antioxidative potential of Dalbergia sissoo, commonly known as Indian Rosewood, focusing on the methanol extracts from its foliage leaves. Findings revealed high levels of phenolic compounds, correlating with strong antioxidant properties evidenced by Total phenolic content as 34.95±1.26 mgGAE/g and low IC50 value in the DPPH assay (104.04±1.5µg/ml), suggesting higher antioxidant capacity. The FRAP assay (2577.5±3.2 µM) further supported these results by demonstrating the effective free radical scavenging activity of extract. These outcomes affirm the substantial antioxidative potential of D. sissoo leaves, indicating their promise for therapeutic applications, particularly in combating oxidative stress-related disorders..
A note on Radula onraedtii Yamada, a poorly known liverwort species from Western Ghats, India
Authors: Verma Praveen , Alam Afroz
Published: February 2025

In present paper a poorly known species of genus Radula, R.  onraedtii Yamada of Marchantiophyta from Nilgiri hills, Western Ghats is described and illustrated in bryo-flora of Western Ghats. This species is very little and scattered  in distribution and is known only from very few localities of Arunachal Pradesh in Eastern Himalaya and Western Ghats in Indian bryoflora.
On the Issue of Historical Reassessment in Finland of the Significance of Urho Kekkonen’s Ostpolitik
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Baryshnikov Vladimir N. , Plenkov Oleg Ju. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2025

In Finnish foreign policy at the beginning of the 21st century, a radical turn occurred in the development of Russian-Finnish relations. The country abandoned its policy of neutrality and quickly entered a military-political bloc directed against Russia. At the same time, the very trends of departure from the previous political line in Finland have been forming for quite a long time. They manifested themselves in the desire to discredit the previous foreign policy line of the Finnish leadership, which pursued a policy of good neighborliness with the USSR. First of all, this concerned a negative assessment of the activities of the country’s president, U. K. Kekkonen. A negative attitude towards the ≪Kekkonen Line≫ began to actively develop since the 1990s. These trends began to actively develop in certain works of Finnish historians (H. Rautkallio, J. Nevakivi, T. Vihavainen). At the same time, in Finland, a corresponding negative image of the neighboring state were purposefully created as constantly aggressive towards Finland. Finland’s participation in the wars against the USSR was clearly seen as a ≪feat≫ of the Finnish people, who not only fought against the Soviet Union, but also ≪won≫. Thus, at the beginning of the 21st century, the words of U. K. Kekkonen were ≪forgotten ≫ that ≪it is not in the interests of Finland to be an ally of any great power as an outpost near the Soviet border≫ and ideological prerequisites were created for a change in the foreign policy course of its countries.
The Influence of the Soviet Union on the Formation and Development of Museums in China
Authors:   Glasgow School of Art, Haitang Zhang , Lei Song ,   Beijing Institute of Technology
Published: February 2025

1949 was the year of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. With this important event in the East, the construction of socialism began. Museums played a very significant role. In this context, Soviet museums held significant guiding influence over Chinese museums, attributable to their socialist nature and their political and social functions. The 1950s became a period of flourishing museum affairs in China. During this period there are two trends in Chinese museum architectural design: The first is reconstruction on the Chinese original architectures. The second is to design the museum building according to the Soviet model. Starting in the 1950s, Soviet works on museology were actively translated and studied in China. This work can be divided into three main stages: translation and interpretation of materials on the operating regime and management models of Soviet museums (1950–1952), on the technologies of Soviet museum operations (1953–1956), and on Soviet museology itself (1957–1959). The theories and practices developed by Soviet museums by that time had — and continue to have — a tremendous influence on Chinese museums. Between the PRC and the USSR, scientific exchanges and research projects were consistently and systematically developed. In addition, 31 multifaceted (regional studies) museums were successfully established, including the Shandong Province Museum, which testified to the formation of an indigenous museum system in China. This article examines the main “Soviet” elements in the development of modern museum affairs in the PRC — a topic that holds scientific and practical value for the research and further development of Chinese museums.
Evidentiality and epistemic modality: Overlap view within word semantics
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Ivanova Svetlana V. , Khakimova Gulnara Sh. ,   South Ural State University — Branch in Zlatoust
Published: February 2025

The starting point for this paper was the profound works by S. T. Nefedov who analyzed a wide range of problems in the field of modality. The article studies the specificity of the relationship between the two categories of epistemic modality and evidentiality. The former is used by the speaker to provide a source or evidence for the speaker’s claim, the latter performatively expresses the subjective opinion about the truth of a proposition. Despite the independent status recognized for evidentiality and epistemic modality, they are realized within the same proposition. The study of their relation is approached in this paper through the prototypical evidential marker hearsay. The choice of the marker is caused by its complex semantics combining epistemic and evidential components that allows to clarify the nature of the relations between the categories under study. The semasiological and onomasiological approaches to achieve the goal are realized by means of componential analysis supplemented with a number of techniques of the logical-semantic conception, as well as the contextual method. The analysis and generalization of the lexicographic meaning of the word hearsay revealed five lexico-semantic variants within the semanteme. At the level of the semantics of the evidential, the epistemic meaning is incorporated into the componential composition of all the sememes. The paper introduces the term “interplay” to denote the ambiguous and asymmetric nature of the evidentiality and epistemic modality integration. In addition, their interplay turns out to be inferent. This is expressed in the difference in distance from the source of acquired knowledge (second/ third-hand evidence attributed to the quotative and the reportative respectively) conveyed in the semanteme that implies a different degree of epistemicity manifesting gradient properties. Thus, an appeal to the notion of evidence and a level approach to its classification contributes to a deeper understanding of the reasons for the expansion of evidential meanings and the nature of their overlap with epistemic ones.
Quantitative evaluation: Types, contexts and pragmatic functions in English academic discourse of energy engineering
Authors:   St. Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, Klochkova Elena S.
Published: February 2025

The article analyses the category of quantitative evaluation in the academic energy discourse. Taking into account the semantic ambiguity of linguistic means expressing quantification, the purpose of the present paper is to determine the factors contributing to the identification and correct interpretation of the evaluative meanings. The study also aims at describing the types of quantitative evaluations in research papers in the field of energy engineering, as well as analysing their communicative and pragmatic potential in the discourse under consideration. The study is based on the corpus including 20 English research articles published in the open access in the period 2018–2024. The analytic procedure includes the following stages: identifying lexemes, nominal and verbal groups with quantitative meanings; determining their evaluative status, as well as types of evaluative meanings and their pragmatic functions; determining the most frequent types of quantitative evaluation using corpus statistical methods. The relevance of the conducted research is evident in the following results. The analysis confirms the assumption that linguistic means with quantitative meanings have significant evaluative potential; however, due to the relatively high degree of implicitness and ambiguity, identification and correct interpretation of such meanings is possible only through the analysis of the linguistics context (co-text) and extralinguistic cognitive context. Due to the application of the corpusstatistical analysis the study establishes that quantitative evaluations typical of research papers in the field of energy engineering are twofold: quantifications relating to the amount of a quality or specifying the extent (spatial and temporal) of a process, and intensification of a quality or a process. The paper also concludes that quantitative evaluations in the academic discourse of energy engineering are involved in the deployment of the discourse strategy of warranting the significance of the research (through the tactic of threat) and the strategy of advancing research results (through the tactic of presenting positive changes).
Produção de histórias infantis para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental: um recurso didático numa visão cts
Authors:   , Rodrigues Manoel Fábio
Published: February 2025

O Ensino de Ciências (EC) tem sido objeto de discussão em diversas áreas educacionais. Historicamente ele tem sofrido mudanças consideráveis. Uma dessas mudanças é a inserção em suas discussões da visão de Ciência, Tecnologia, Sociedade (CTS). Desde a década de 1960, os estudos CTS vem ganhando força e encontrado um solo fértil no campo educacional. A junção entre EC e CTS tem se mostrado bastante benéfica na formação de um cidadão consciente em meio a um mundo imerso em Ciência e Tecnologia e cujo ambiente natural tem se alterado significativamente. Para isso, necessário se faz encontrar caminhos exequíveis para estas discussões. Ao focalizar os anos iniciais da Ensino Fundamental o olhar recai tanto sobre a criança, público alvo desse nível de ensino, quanto sobre o professor, suas ações, pensamentos e formação. Uma forma de se introduzir assuntos de EC e CTS de maneira agradável e prazerosa pode ser através da Literatura Infantil. Esta pode além de gerar prazer, oportunizar reflexões iniciais e aprofundar discussões, independentes da idade do leitor. Buscou-se nesse trabalho alternativas para instrumentar o professor em discussões de temáticas ambientais numa visão CTS através da Literatura de Potencial Recepção Leitora Infantil. Foi feita uma pesquisa com alunos do curso de Pedagogia em sua formação inicial, e que já atuassem como docentes nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. Buscou-se identificar suas atitudes com relação a CTS e os conceitos que concebiam como os mais importantes de serem trabalhados em sala de aula. Utilizou-se de um questionário constituído por perguntas objetivas e subjetivas, bem como uma Escala de Atitudes tipo Likert. A partir dos dados obtidos foi escrita uma história infantil que atendesse as características exigidas para ser considerada de Literatura Infantil bem como possuísse em seu texto elementos que pudessem gerar discussões em sala de aula em torno dos conceitos ambientais apresentados pelos professores. Após isso o texto foi submetido a uma avaliação de alunos-professores de Pedagogia através de uma oficina pedagógica. Os resultados foram de aceitação da história e da viabilidade de sua utilização em sala de aula dos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental
Inhibition of Shiga Toxin 2 for E. coli O157 Control: An In-Silico Study on Natural and Synthetic Compounds
Authors: Ali Ashiq , Noor Isra , Shaukat Maleeha , Waheed Warda , Akbar Kaynaat , Ji Ziyi , Su Zhongjing
Published: February 2025

Introduction/Objectives:

Escherichia coli strains are known to cause various
gastrointestinal disorders, with Shiga toxin 2, a potent cytotoxin, being a key virulence
factor contributing to disease severity. Targeting Shiga toxin 2 presents a promising approach
for therapeutic intervention in controlling E. coli O157 infections. This study
aims to explore natural and synthetic inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents against
Shiga toxin 2 through in-silico molecular docking and drug-likeness predictions.

Methods:

An in-silico molecular docking study was conducted using AutoDock Vina
and Chimera to assess the binding affinity of various natural and synthetic inhibitors
against Shiga toxin 2. The selected inhibitors were evaluated for their drug-likeness
based on adsorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties, applying
Lipinski's rule of five and the Boiled-Egg technique to predict their suitability as potential
drugs in biological systems.

Results:

During the screening process, luteolin, a natural flavonoid, exhibited the highest
binding affinity to Shiga toxin 2, with a notable negative binding energy of -8.7 kcal/-
mol, indicating strong interaction potential.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that luteolin holds promise as a lead molecule for further
development as a therapeutic agent against E. coli infections, warranting additional
studies to validate its efficacy and safety.
Crippled Hepatocarcinogenesis Inhibition of Quercetin in Glycolysis Pathway with Hepatic Farnesoid X Receptor Deficiency
Authors: zhong Wusheng , Chen Tao , Chen Ling , Xing Yaqi , Lin Haorui , Xie Shuli , Nawaz Mateen , Huang Danmei , Huang Zhanqin , Lu Jun , Chen Zhiming , Niu Yongdong
Published: February 2025

Aim:

Quercetin, a bioactive flavonoid extracted from traditional Chinese medicine, has antihepatocellular
carcinoma effects. Farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a nuclear receptor highly expressed in the liver,
plays important roles in maintaining hepatic glucose homeostasis, anti-inflammation, liver regeneration,
and anti-cancer properties. Whether quercetin regulates the glycolysis/glycolysis pathway through FXR signaling
remains unknown.

Methods:

KEGG Enrichment, GO Enrichment, Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) Network, Molecular Docking,
and RNA-Seq Analysis (Swiss Target Prediction, GeneCard databases, Kaplan-Meier Plotter, etc). Cell
activity, cell proliferation, and cell cycles were separately analyzed by CCK-8 assay, clone formation assay,
and flow cytometry. QRT-PCR determined the mRNA levels of related genes in response to quercetin. HPLCMS/
MSHPLC-MS/MS determined the metabolite profiles. FXR deficiency Hep3B cells were used for discriminating
the quercetin’s effects with or without FXR.

Results:

Quercetin-related genes were significantly correlated with FXR in hepatocarcinogenesis, especially
in glycolysis. The top 30 related genes between FXR, quercetin, and glycolysis were enriched and chosen to
further study. Furthermore, the strongest binding energy determined by the molecular docking model of between
quercetin and FXR was -6.55 kcal/mol. Quercetin inhibited cell proliferation by the accumulation of
Hep3B cells in the S-phase. The differential expressed genes (C-MYC, PCNA, CYCLIN-D1, and P21) associated
with glycolysis were observed. Furthermore, quercetin also inhibited the expression of HK2, GAPDH,
and LDHA. Meanwhile, the levels of glycolysis/gluconeogenesis-related metabolites were regulated by quercetin.

Conclusion:

Quercetin makes an essential anti-HCC effect by crippling the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis process
via FXR signaling.
Efficacy of Roxadustat in Anemia with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Lin Yongda , Liao Chunlin , Zheng Lingqian , Chen Wenmin , Zhou Tianbiao , Li Tianyu
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Anemia is one of the complications of chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its incidence
gradually increases as the disease progresses. A major cause of such anemia is the severe erythropoietin
deficiency in CKD. Therefore, improvement in red blood cell production is a choice of treatment. Erythropoiesis-
stimulating agents (ESAs) have been used for the therapy of anemia induced in CKD. Roxadustat is a novel
drug for improving such anemia. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of roxadustat and ESAs in patients
with CKD.

Material and Methods:

A retrospective analysis of CKD patients with anemia who regularly use roxadustat
and ESAs in the Nephrology Department of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University School of
Medicine was carried out. Baseline clinical data and clinical indicators during the medication period were
collected and analyzed in both groups.

Results:

In this retrospective study, we found that roxadustat was effective in improving anemia. The anemia
rate, Hb<11g/dL, before treatment in patients with CKD was 94.55%. The standard rate of patients with CKD
anemia was 25.45% after one month of treatment, 54.54% after three months of treatment, and 65.45% after
six months of treatment. In the clinical observations of the medication, roxadustat did not differ from ESAs in
the treatment of anemia in CKD. However, roxadustat did not improve micro-inflammatory status or increase
serum potassium.

Conclusion:

Roxadustat did not differ from ESAs in the treatment of anemia in CKD patients. However, it
has the potential to lower blood lipids and improve iron deficiency.

Clinical Trial Registration Number:

ChiCTR2300071087.
Study on the Mechanism of Anti-Atopic Dermatitis by Herba Siegesbeckiae Based on Metabolomics
Authors: Wang YingYue , Chen Xiaowei , Zhang Lingling , Chen Yuting , Xu Yubin , You Chunxue , Lu Xuetao
Published: February 2025

Background:

Atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disease worldwide
that is characterized by skin barrier dysfunction, itching, and a reduced quality of life.

Objective:

The research at hand aimed to delve into the anti-atopic dermatitis mechanism of
Herba Siegesbeckiae, a traditional medicinal herb, using a metabolomic approach.

Methods:

The molecular mechanism by which Herba Siegesbeckiae acts against atopic dermatitis
was investigated by establishing a mouse model of atopic dermatitis while conducting a
metabolomics analysis on its metabolites.

Results:

Interleukin IL-13, IL-17A, IL-3, IL-31, IL-33, IL4, IL-5, TSLP, IgE, and histamine
levels in serum, participating in inhibiting itching and regulating immunity signaling were found
to be restored to varying degrees in AD treating with HS. A total of 31 differential metabolites
were selected from metabolomics results, among which N-acetyl-L-alanine (VIP = 1.62), Nacetyl-
L-methionine (VIP = 1.5), uracil (VIP = 1.47), and prostaglandin E2 (VIP = 1.4) play important
roles in the anti-AD regulatory mechanisms of HS and can be used as biomarkers. In addition,
the mechanisms of HS anti-AD have been shown to be associated with seven metabolic
pathways, including β-alanine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, histidine metabolism,
and so on.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, HS demonstrated properties that counteract Atopic Dermatitis by
suppressing itchiness and boosting the immune system, subsequently controlling the concentrations
of related metabolites.
Isolation, Characterization, and Evaluation of the Mucilage from Pedalium
murex Linn. Leaves
Authors: Devasahayam Leema Rose Mary , Pushpam Marie Arockianathan , Antonysamy Lawrance , Anbazhagan Senthamizhselvan
Published: February 2025

Background:

Many plant-derived compounds have been used as pharmaceutical excipients due to their various functional properties. One such plant product is mucilage, which has
created great interest among researchers to be explored for numerous biological applications.

Objectives:

The objective of the present study was to isolate mucilage from the leaves of Pedalium murex Linn. (family; Pedaliaceae). The obtained mucilage was characterized physiochemically and evaluated for its antioxidant and anticancer properties.

Methods:

The obtained mucilage was screened for its phytochemicals and characterized physiochemically using FTIR, XRD, DSC, and SEM. Its antioxidant property was analyzed using
DPPH and FRAP assays. The anticancer activity of the mucilage was evaluated against colon
and cervical cancer cell lines using an MTT assay

Results:

The phytochemical screening of the mucilage demonstrated the ability to reduce sugars,
flavonoids, amino acids, tannins, saponins, and steroids. The yield percentage of mucilage was
24%, and it has a swelling index of 10. It was found to be soluble in warm water and showed a
pH of 9. The FTIR spectra of mucilage showed characteristic peaks of its functional groups. The
SEM image showed a porous and rough morphological surface of mucilage. The obtained mucilage demonstrated antioxidant activity by DPPH and FRAP assays and exhibited anticancer activity against cervical and colon cancer cell lines using the MTT assay.

Conclusion:

Mucilage contains many phytochemicals with various functional properties like antioxidant and anti-cancer activities. Thus, the isolated mucilage from Pedalium murex Linn.
showed promising characteristics that could be tailor-made for various biological applications.
Effects of Inhaled Corticosteroids/Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (ICS/LABA) on Airway Microbial Diversity and IL-8/IL-10 Cytokine Levels in Stable
COPD
Authors: Fang Aili , Li Buwu , Chen Sheng
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a severe respiratory
system disorder. In recent years, the combined therapy of inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting
beta-agonists (ICS/LABA) has become the primary treatment for stable COPD patients. This
study aimed to investigate the effects of ICS/LABA treatment on the airway microbiota and inflammatory
profiles in COPD patients.

Materials and Methods:

Respiratory samples were collected from 18 individuals, including 2
healthy controls, 4 COPD patients, and 12 COPD patients receiving ICS/LABA treatment. Microbial
diversity sequencing was employed to analyze the respiratory microbiota, with both diversity
and functional predictions performed. Inflammatory factor levels were assessed using
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:

The COPD group exhibited a dysregulated respiratory microbiota compared to the control
group. Compared to the COPD group, patients in the ICS/LABA treatment group showed a
trend toward decreased α-diversity of bacterial communities in the respiratory tract, while the α-
diversity of fungi significantly increased. Post-treatment, the abundance of Streptococcus and
Fusicolla decreased, whereas the abundance of Moraxella and Candida increased in the respiratory
tract. These findings suggest that ICS/LABA treatment may help maintain a balanced respiratory
microbiota. Furthermore, patients in the treatment group exhibited a significant decrease in IL-8
levels and a notable increase in IL-10 levels, indicating that ICS/LABA therapy may modulate cytokine
levels by suppressing inflammatory responses and promoting anti-inflammatory reactions.

Conclusion:

The combined therapy of inhaled corticosteroids/long-acting beta-agonists
(ICS/LABA) appears to regulate the gene functions of respiratory tract microbiota and IL-8/IL-
10 levels in stable COPD patients. These findings offer new insights into personalized COPD
treatment and microbial interventions.
CD4+ Effector Memory T Cells Related Marker Gene Signatures in Osteoporosis and Aging: Insight From Single-Cell Analysis and Mendelian
Randomization
Authors: Shi Xiangwen , Tang Linmeng , Li Mingjun , Wu Yipeng , Xu Yongqing
Published: February 2025

Objective:

With the accelerated aging of the population, aging has emerged as a major
risk factor for osteoporosis (OP). This study aims to investigate the relationship and shared
molecular mechanisms between OP and aging through various genetic approaches.

Methods:

Single-cell data from the peripheral blood of osteoporosis patients, aging individuals,
and healthy controls were integrated to analyze characteristic changes in cell subpopulations.
Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were then identified within core subpopulations, and
Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was employed to explore potential causal links between
key genes and OP. Additionally, an OP model was established in rats, and mRNA levels
of key genes were measured using RT-qPCR.

Results:

Through the integration, filtering, and analysis of scRNA-seq data, an increased proportion
of CD4+ effector memory T (CD4+ TEM) cells were identified in OP and aging samples,
marking them as a core subpopulation. Differential expression analysis identified 49 DEGs, and
further analysis through Mendelian Randomization (MR) identified three key genes (KLRB1,
NR4A2, and S100A4) significantly associated with OP. Notably, the upregulation of KLRB1
and S100A4 may enhance the interactions within T cells and with other cell subgroups. At the
same time, the downregulation of NR4A2 could impede communication between T cells and
other cell subpopulations. The RT-qPCR results indicated that NR4A2 was significantly downregulated
in the OP group.

Conclusion:

This study conducted a comprehensive analysis of the potential link between OP
and aging, identifying CD4+ TEM cells as the core cell subgroup in OP and aging samples. It further
revealed the causal relationship between KLRB1, NR4A2, and S100A4 and the occurrence
of OP. The upregulation of KLRB1 and S100A4 may contribute to OP pathogenesis by promoting
interactions between CD4+ TEM cells and other cell subgroups, providing new insights for
molecular targeting and immunotherapy of OP.
Targeting Undruggable Proteins: The siRNA Revolution Beyond Small
Molecules - Advances, Challenges, and Future Prospects in Therapeutic
Innovation
Authors: Jan Sk Ashif , Debnath Abhijit , Singh Rajesh Kumar , Tyagi Pankaj Kumar , Singh Sachin , Singh Anil Kumar
Published: February 2025

The field of drug discovery has long been challenged by the existence of "undruggable"
proteins - targets that have resisted traditional small molecule approaches due to their structural or
functional characteristics. This review explores the revolutionary potential of small interfering RNA
(siRNA) technology in addressing these elusive targets, marking a paradigm shift in therapeutic development. We discuss the historical development of siRNA technology and its unique mechanism
of action, which allows for the silencing of virtually any gene, including those coding for proteins
previously deemed undruggable. The review provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges in
targeting undruggable proteins and how siRNA approaches are overcoming these obstacles. We examine several case studies of undruggable targets being successfully addressed by siRNA, including
oncogenic proteins like KRAS and c-Myc, transcription factors such as NF-κB and STAT3, and
proteins involved in complex protein-protein interactions. The article delves into the latest advances
in siRNA design, delivery systems, and targeting strategies, highlighting innovations that enhance
specificity and reduce off-target effects. We also discuss the challenges facing siRNA therapeutics,
including delivery obstacles, potential immune responses, and regulatory considerations. The review concludes with an exploration of future directions, including combination therapies, personalized medicine approaches, and emerging technologies that complement siRNA strategies. By
providing a thorough examination of the advances, challenges, and prospects of using siRNA to
target undruggable proteins, this review underscores the transformative potential of this technology
in expanding the landscape of therapeutic targets and ushering in a new era of precision medicine.
Bioactive Compounds from Myrica esculenta: Antioxidant Insights and Docking Studies on H+K+-ATPase and H2 Receptor Targets
Authors: Pathak Rashmi , Chandra Phool
Published: February 2025

Background:

Myrica esculenta (Myricaceae) are common in the Indian Himalayas. Traditional
medicine uses it to treat chronic bronchitis, inflammation, stomach ulcers, anaemia, diarrhoea,
asthma, and ear, throat, and nose disorders. Its varied medicinal benefits are recognised in
the ayurvedic pharmacopoeia.

Aim:

Isolation of Bioactive Compounds from M. esculenta: Assessment of Antioxidant Activity
and Molecular Docking Studies Targeting the H+K+-ATPase enzyme and H2 Receptor

Material and Methods:

The fruit of the Myrica esculenta plant was extracted. The total phenolic
and total flavonoid content of the extract were determined. Following column chromatography, two
phytoconstituents were identified by mass spectroscopy, FTIR, and NMR. The antioxidant activity
of phytoconstituents was evaluated using the DPPH Scavenging Assay, Reactive Nitrogen Oxide
Scavenging Assay, and Hydroxyl Free Radical Scavenging Assay. Then, molecular docking studies
were performed against the H+K+-ATPase enzyme and H2 Receptor.

Results:

The research successfully extracted methanolic extract from M. esculenta by maceration,
which yielded rich in flavonoids and phenolic content and isolated compounds using column chromatography,
which was further characterized to be myricetin and catechin using Mass spectroscopy,
FTIR, and NMR. The further evaluation of the antioxidant activity of compounds demonstrated
significant activity with IC50 value indicating strong free radical scavenging activity. Molecular
docking studies were performed against the H+K+-ATPase enzyme and H2 Receptor, revealing that
both the compounds exhibit high binding affinity and favorable interactions with key sites.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that the isolated compounds myricetin and catechin possess potential
antioxidant activity and could be a potential therapeutic target for the H+K+-ATPase enzyme
and H2 Receptor.
Effect of Phytochemical Extracts on the Inflammatory Pathway
Authors: Alkhaddour Aziz , Mashkina Elena Vladimirovna
Published: February 2025

Background:

The research highlights the effect of phytochemical compounds
on the correlation of cellular pathways of cytokines and antioxidant enzymes at the molecular
levels.

Objective:

This work examines the effects of phytochemical substances on the expression
of (IL1β and IL6, IL10) genes present in different amounts in garlic, grape seed, and
pomegranate extracts in various amounts. Within the same framework, genes (SOD1,
NFE2L2, JUN) expressing themselves genetically are responsible for the cellular pathways
that carry out oxidative and redox reactions in cells.

Methods:

Extracts of grape seeds (1.2% or 2.4%), pomegranates (1.2% or 2.4%), and garlic
(0.5% or 1.2%) were applied to human peripheral blood leukocyte cultures. Real-time
polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was utilised to evaluate the expression of genes.

Results:

We found that the level transcription of the SOD1 gene negatively correlates
with the level transcription of cytokines IL1β when grape seed extract (2.4%) is added to
the medium for culturing human blood cells. Furthermore, with the addition of 1.2% and
2.4% grape seed extract, there is a link between the expression of the SOD1 and IL6
genes. We found a positive correlation between the expression of the NFE2L2 and IL10
genes after adding pomegranate extract (1.2%). Finally, following the addition of grape
seed extract (1.2%) and garlic extract (1.2%), there is a link observed between the transcription
level of the JUN and IL1b genes.

Conclusion:

The importance of the study lies in revealing the effect of phytochemicals on
the intersection of the two pathways: the inflammatory pathway and the oxidative pathway.
Whereas, it gives a clearer picture of the mechanism of action of these compounds
as antioxidants and anti-inflammatories, depending on the close relationship between inflammatory
properties and oxidative properties.
Renoprotective Effects of Eugenol-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles on Septic Rats
Authors: Qutb Sarah Ali , Soliman Amel Mahmoud , Fahmy Sohair Ramadan , Mohamed Ayman Saber
Published: February 2025

Background:

Sepsis is a severe medical disorder that poses a significant risk to life,
leading to elevated rates of sickness and mortality globally, reaching 11 million annually. It is
distinguished by an imbalanced immune response to infection, which subsequently causes failure
in several organs. Eugenol is obtained from clove oil and possesses various beneficial properties,
such as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, anticancer, and antibacterial effects.

Aim:

The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness of eugenol-loaded chitosan nanoparticles
(EC-NPs) in protecting against kidney damage caused by sepsis using the cecal ligation and puncture
(CLP) model.

Methods:

Thirty rats were divided into five groups: sham, sepsis, and septic rats treated with chitosan,
eugenol, or EC-NPs.

Results:

Administration of EC-NPs dramatically enhanced renal function, as evidenced by the reduced
urea, creatinine, and uric acid concentrations. Moreover, EC-NPs caused an elevation in glutathione
reductase (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione
peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) in addition to decreasing the production of malondialdehyde
(MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). EC-NPs administration reduced the DNA damage in
septic rats and partially restored the aberrant structure of renal tissues in septic rats. Furthermore,
the immunohistochemical examination showed a marked decrease in tumor necrosis factor-alpha
(TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) expression.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, EC-NPs attenuated renal injury in septic rats through their anti-oxidant
and anti-inflammatory activities and protection of DNA.
Monkeypox: A Comprehensive Analysis of Emerging Epidemiological
Trends, Pathogenesis, and Advanced Therapeutic Interventions
Authors: Saikia Prasurjya , Kemisetti Durgaprasad , Rath Amrit Kumar , Mishra Sruti Ranjan
Published: February 2025

Monkeypox has become a major worldwide health issue, which has brought attention to
the necessity of having a thorough understanding of this zoonotic virus. An extensive examination of
the monkeypox virus's taxonomy, morphology, replication cycle, transmission, clinical symptoms,
and treatment options is given in this article. The review also addresses the possibility that, given the
growing interconnection of human populations and the drop in smallpox vaccination rates, the monkeypox virus will take over the ecological niche once occupied by the smallpox virus.
Corrigendum to: Ameliorating Insulin Injection Site Rotation and its Impact on Lipohypertrophy Incidence and Glycemic Control in Patients with Diabetes
Authors: Mahmoud Elrefaey Noura , Mohamed Mona Gamal , El-Monem El-Deeb Hoda Abdou Abd
Published: February 2025

In the online version of the article, a change was made by
author in the Affiliation and figure section. The Fig. (1) and
affiliation in the online version of the article titled
“Ameliorating Insulin Injection Site Rotation and its Impact on
Lipohypertrophy Incidence and Glycemic Control in Patients
with Diabetes.” has been updated in “New Emirates Medical
Journal”, 2024; 5:, e02506882311972 [1].

The original article can be found online at
https://www.eurekaselect.com/article/144534
Urgensi Sertifikasi Pulau-Pulau Kecil Terluar Dalam Rangka Menjaga Keutuhan Wilayah NKRI Sebagaimana Amanah Konstitusi
Authors: Kayaka Addia Nova , Permadi Iwan , Masykur Hamidi
Published: February 2025

In this study, the author highlights issues related to the ineffectiveness of the Ministry of ATR/BPN in implementing Outermost Small Islands certification. Several regulations are a driving factor for the Government to immediately carry out certification for all Outermost Small Islands. However, in its implementation there are several obstacles in the certification process carried out by the Government. This issue is the author's focus in analyzing the implementation of Article 49 of Law Number 1 of 2004 Jo. Article 9 Paragraph (1) Ministerial Regulation Number 17 of 2016 relating to certification of Outermost Small Islands and obstacles to the Ministry of ATR/BPN in carrying out comprehensive certification. This is because there are 24 islands that have not been certified, which can provide a gap for other countries to be able to acquire and take over these Outermost Small Islands. The ATR/BPN Ministry, within its authority, has several obstacles, namely the location of the island which is difficult to reach, inefficient coordination between ministries, and a large budget for managing the natural resources found on the Outer Small Islands. The preparation of this thesis used empirical juridical research.
Upaya Pemerintah Dalam Memfasilitasi Pembangunan Kebun Masyarakat Di Kabupaten Blitar
Authors: Ramadhan Alvin Maulana , Herlindah Herlindah , Wicaksono Setiawan
Published: February 2025

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of regulations requiring plantation companies in Blitar Regency to allocate 20% of their cultivated land for community plantations. The research methodology includes in-depth interviews with relevant parties, such as the Blitar Regency Government, the Blitar Regency Agriculture and Food Office, the East Java Regional Office of the National Land Agency, and the local community. Data analysis is conducted using Lawrence M. Friedman's legal effectiveness theory, which encompasses three main components: legal structure, legal substance, and legal culture. The findings indicate that out of 12 operating companies in Blitar Regency, only one company complies with the regulation. The main obstacles identified in implementing this regulation include inadequate coordination and effective oversight by the government, non-compliance by companies, and insufficient understanding and limited dissemination of the regulations to the community. Additionally, the study found overlapping issues between plantation laws and land use rights decisions issued by the East Java BPN, further complicating the regulation's implementation. The local community expresses a strong desire for companies to adhere to the regulations, but there are misunderstandings regarding the implementation of these rules among the public. Based on these findings, the study recommends several improvements, including enhanced coordination and oversight by the government, stricter enforcement of laws against non-compliant companies, and increased efforts in socialization and education for the community. It is hoped that these measures will significantly enhance the effectiveness of the regulations in Blitar Regency, thereby better achieving the regulation's initial objectives.