bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Forked Centre: Duality & Privacy in Polynesian Spaces & Architecture
Authors: Refiti Albert L
Published: February 2017

This paper will focus on a spatial duality paradigm that exists at the heart of Polynesian spaces where the notion of private and public is opposite to the Western concept of space. The centre as a limit in Polynesian thinking is the point of extreme transparency where the private individual becomes obliterated. It is the domain of what is termed in Samoa the vā resides. So what is central to any sense of space in Polynesia is the vā or the in-between space, a relational opening up inhabited by deities/community/land/family. According to Alfred Gell, this relational space in tattooing exists in the folding and doubling of skin on the tattooed body collapsing the distinctions between an inside and an outside marking an ambivalent limit.

The paper explores this ambivalent limit in the maga or forked configuration of the main central post of the Samoan Faletele or Guesthouse. The maga doubles and complicates a simplistic reading of the centre as the domain of privacy and stability. This motif in Samoan architecture reinforces on one hand the centre as a limit that is marked in space—a location where focus is amplified; on the other hand, it marks a region of the unlimited, a foci charged with ambiguity and duality—a place inhabited by the vā or sacred in-between space that allows entities/time/space to collapse together in an interconnectedness. The centre in Polynesia architecture becomes only an act that assist in the opening up of/to the vā space.
Saili Mo Le Lumana'i: Research on Samoan Students’ Learning Perspectives and the Impact on their Achievement
Authors: Utumapu-Mcbride Tafili , Esera Epenesa , Toia Siaoloa Fa'atafao , Tone-Schuster Lina , So'oaemalelagi Funeali'i Lumäava
Published: February 2017

This paper discusses the findings of a collaborative research project between the National University of Samoa (NUS) and Unitec New Zealand, which examined the concept of ‘Samoan pedagogy’ and the learning processes of Samoan students. The study is based on the experiences of 24 Samoan students (Samoan and New Zealand born) who had been studying for education qualifications. It concludes that Samoan students learn in a variety of diverse ways, and that there are no differences between Island born and New Zealand born Samoans, other than in the use of the English language. This study also emphasises the significant roles of families (socialisation) and lecturers, and the impact on achievement at tertiary level.
Which way that Empowerment? Aboriginal Women's Narratives of Empowerment
Authors: Fredericks Bronwyn
Published: February 2017

‘Empowerment’ is a complex concept that draws on educational, psychological, social learning, social-structures and socio-ecological theories from a range of disciplines. It has multiple applications and its approaches can be used to highlight and address power relations, social exclusion, marginalisation and inequity. Despite this, the word empowerment is often misunderstood and in Australia its use is often framed from within the dominant culture. There are a limited number of studies that explore what Aboriginal Australians understand empowerment as for themselves. This article presents the narratives from in-depth, semi-structured, face-to-face interviews with Aboriginal women in Rockhampton, Central Queensland. Their words resonate some of their experiences and understandings of empowerment and the ongoing impact of Australia's colonial history on their everyday lives and why empowerment approaches are vital.
Māori and Educational Leadership: Tū Rangatira
Authors: Hohepa Margie Kahukura , Robson Viviane
Published: February 2017

Aotearoa/New Zealand is experiencing major changes in its demographic profile, indicating that the proportion of Māori (the indigenous people) will progressively increase (Statistics New Zealand, 2004). Projected changes are likely to impact particularly on the school-aged population and this has implications for the nation's educational leadership, including the need for greater Māori representation (Durie, 2005). This raises questions around what Māori educational leadership may need to look like in order to impact positively on Māori achievement in English and Māori-medium schooling. A Best Evidence Synthesis Iteration (BES) has identified dimensions of educational leadership that are linked to raising student achievement. In this article we examine the extent to which the dimensions resonate with traditional and contemporary conceptualisations of Māori leadership.
Revitalising Memory in Honour of Traditional Maseko Ngoni Governance
Authors: Mucina Devi
Published: February 2017

As a Maseko Ngoni this student poses the following research question: Can the personal historical memories of Indigenous governance and responsibilities be an asset to the debilitating and crippling neo-colonial, social-cultural and spiritual lives of the Maseko pfuko (kin-group) in Lizulu? By outlining ways to revitalise Ngoni mafuko (kin-group systems/governance) responsibilities through a personal remembrance of sacred oral histories, this essay will explore how ancient Ubuntu philosophies not only shaped the pre-colonial era of Maseko governance in Lizulu—but how it continues to enable the current Maseko community in Lizulu to maintain its identity. Unquestionably the vitality of the Ubuntu Maseko Ngoni philosophy which informed governance of years past has been undermined and demonised by colonialism. The act of collectively re-engaging our true knowledge (personal memory) will give us the foundation for regenerating Maseko Ngoni governance.
Reclaiming Identity toward Decolonisation: Pangasinan Studies in Theory and Praxis
Authors: Fernandez Erwin S.
Published: February 2017

Pangasinan studies as ethnic/area studies needs to be conceptualised to consolidate and promote studies on Pangasinan and to reclaim identity lost in the mainstream ‘national culture’. It is absolutely necessary, however, to lay down first its epistemic foundations. Assessing the past and present production of knowledge, which would fall under Pangasinan studies, would provide clues in charting the direction of future researches. This paper will clarify the epistemic nature of Pangasinan studies and appraise past and current researches on Pangasinan. Having done this, it will conclude by defining and prescribing the prospective course to be taken by Pangasinan scholars in the development of Pangasinan studies geared toward decolonisation.
Nils-Aslak Valkeapää: Indigenous Voice and Multimedia Artist
Authors: Gaski Harald
Published: February 2017

Nils-Aslak Valkeapää (1943–2001) was the greatest Sámi multimedia artist. He made his debut as an author in 1971 and is so far the only Sámi who has been awarded the prestigious Nordic Council's literature prize, for his book of poetry and old photographs Beaivi, áhčážan (1989) (The Sun, My Father [1997]). In this article Harald Gaski provides an analysis of two of Valkeapää's most renowned pieces of lyrical writing. Both are long-poems; the first one is a tribute to indigenous peoples’ values and philosophy while the other one is only available in its Sámi original and thus a linguistic and cultural manifestation. It is a challenge, therefore, for the author of this essay to explicate for a foreign reader why and how the poem represents a migrating reindeer herd and why the content of both poems is relevant and important for indigenous peoples today.
Aboriginal Education in Canada: A Postcolonial Analysis
Authors: Kumar Malreddy Pavan
Published: February 2017

This paper provides theoretical insights into Aboriginal educational and social transformation in Canada from an historical perspective. For almost a century, “decolonization” has been the most effective, and yet most commonly deployed conceptual tool in the writings on Aboriginal education. As an alternative to the decolonization paradigms, this paper suggests that postcolonial theory provides a more comprehensive, yet flexible conceptual framework to the understanding of historical and genealogical intricacies of Aboriginal education in Canada. In the process, theoretical underpinnings, questions, and situations inspired by the experiences of comparative colonialisms (such as the non-settler colonialisms) are discussed in conjunction with Canada's Aboriginal education.
Ali'i Selective Appropriation of Modernity: Examining Colonial Assumptions in Hawaii Prior to 1893
Authors: Beamer Kamanamaikalani B.
Published: February 2017

Accounts of the Hawaiian Kingdom (1810–1893) have typically argued that since the “discovery” of 1778, the islands have been progressively colonized—as if the first footfall of Captain James Cook set off a sequence of inevitable events that led to the overthrow of the monarchy in 1893 and annexation by the United States in 1898. The Hawaiian Kingdom has been categorized as a colonial institution, where ali'i (native Hawaiian chiefs) were steadily duped by the invasion of Western people, ideas and institutions. This paper challenges such interpretations through a situated study of the first large-scale body of written law authored entirely in the Hawaiian language and passed by Kauikeaouli (Kamehameha III) in June 1839. This paper also challenges a colonial analysis of the Hawaiian Kingdom prior to 1893, and argues that ali'i such as Kauikeaouli selectively appropriated aspects of Euro-American legal frameworks and used them for their own means.
What is the Degree of Mātauranga Māori Expressed through Measures of Ethnicity?
Authors: Awatere Shaun
Published: February 2017

This research hypothesized that respondents who have a good understanding of mātauranga Māori (Māori knowledge) are those with a secure cultural identity and are more likely to be concerned with the environment. A quantitative survey was carried out using two separate samples drawn from the Māori population; one from the general Māori population (N=331) in the city of Auckland and the other from a sub-tribe (N=61) whose traditional land has been encompassed by Auckland City. The responses from the survey presented a consistent environmental concern attitude across both samples and challenge a priori assumptions. The meaningfulness of a Māori cultural identity (MCI) measure to represent mātauranga Māori perspectives of the environment is discussed. The conclusion from the findings is that cultural identity is much more complex than an ordinal number and that caution should be used when employing the MCI measure.
O Tatou Ō Aga'I I Fea?/'Oku Tau Ō Ki Fe?/Where Are We Heading?
Authors: Mccaffery John , Mcfall-Mccaffery Judy Taligalu
Published: February 2017

This paper examines the health of the four largest Polynesian Pasifika languages in Aotearoa/New Zealand (New Zealand). It presents perspectives and interpretations from the researchers and writers who are at the same time, parents and grandparents of Pasifika children of Tongan, Samoan and Cook Islands ancestry. It examines: findings from the 2006 Census; a major socio-linguistic study examining these four languages in New Zealand's most multicultural city between 2000 and 2008; and insider community sources. These indicate that Pasifika languages in New Zealand show significant signs of language shift and loss, with several languages unlikely to survive unless urgent maintenance and revival measures are adopted. It seeks reasons for the shift of Pasifika families to using more English. It argues that the discourses of family language for private use, and English for education and public use, emerged in the Pacific, came with the migrants and is now deeply entrenched in New Zealand. The paper suggests that expanding the role of Pasifika languages into education and the public domain through Bilingual/Immersion Education is the prime strategy for future survival of these languages. We use initial capitals for the term Bilingual/Immersion Education in this article to indicate that this is a major world approach to education. Following Baker (2006), Garcia (2009), and May and Hill (2005), we use bilingual and immersion to cover all forms of first language and second language medium education. This dual use is very important in New Zealand where until recently a rigid and artificial separation was made between Bilingual Education and Immersion Education (May & Hill, 2005, 2008).
Ko E Hā Ha'Atau Poa Ki he Mole ‘Etau Lea Faka-Tongá?
Authors: Manu'atu Linitā , Fale Luhama ‘Ofeina ‘E He Langi , Finau Mele Pisila , Kaufusi 'Alekisanita , Malupo Talita Kiumi , Manu 'Anaseini , Pau'Uvale Lorraine Dorothy , Pau'Uvale Meleane , Pale Maryanne Feifai , Prescott James , Tautakitaki Mele ‘Ileini , Tautakitaki Pasinamu , Teisina Jeanne , Tu'Itahi Sione
Published: February 2017

The aim of this commentary is to address, in the Tongan language, the challenges of language and cultural loss by Tongan people in Aotearoa/New Zealand, and what Tongan people are doing about the imposition. The comments, ideas and perspectives advanced here are based on the assumption that Tongan language and culture are knowledge-and wisdom-different from the philosophies of the West. The discussion focuses on talanoa, a Tongan social construct conceptualized and applied as an approach to good living and the creation of cultural relationships in social, spiritual and political contexts.

The second half of the commentary discusses talanoa as a Tongan pedagogical approach in the education of Tongan adults and children at all stages of the education system. Talanoa is a deep and meaningful approach, and by using it (Tongan) teachers, educators and researchers can promote and encourage critical and advanced thinking, leading to higher learning and deeper understanding. In academia, talanoa is becoming a Tongan research method.

The commentary concludes by calling on Tongan people to further our talanoa in Tongan language and culture as a way to deepen our thinking and develop our critical perspectives of the relationship between the body, soul (heart) and mind, these being the “sites” of Tongan knowledge and wisdom.
Colonial Sovereignties and the Self-Colonizing Conundrum
Authors: McAllan Fiona
Published: February 2017

Relational epistemologies and ontologies of indigenous populations call into question the legitimacy of colonial sovereign foundations. Referring to Derrida's sketch of the impossible, Watson writes: “My suggestion is that the moment of ‘impossibility’ in recognizing the sovereignty of Aboriginal laws, is the moment which provides Australians with the opportunity to ‘take responsibility’ in order to have a future” (2006, p. 26). Nevertheless the colonial law that presumes settled foundations continues to deny any need to address its own legitimacy. Derrida (2005) argues that progressive reason consigns to forgetting its historical and subjective origins, likening this to a spider spinning a cocoon of autoimmunity to preserve its right to reason determinately rather than boldly traversing its web. Is it possible for reason to speculate reasonably with itself? (p. 127–140).
Māori Health Promotion
Authors: Boulton Amohia , Gifford Heather , Kauika Anne , Parata Kiri
Published: February 2017

Aim: This article presents results from an evaluation of a Māori obesity prevention initiative, Te Kahui Whai Ora—Healthy Lifestyles & Tamariki Programme, and questions whether the use of children as agents of change in health-promotion activity is best practice for Māori health promotion.

Methods: Health promotion programme evaluation collected information on the activities, characteristics, context and impact of the programme. We report on data from document reviews and from interviews with 24 programme participants.

Results: Improved self-esteem in children, enhanced cultural identity, emerging youth leadership qualities, strengthening of family relationships, and positive changes to lifestyle behaviours.

Conclusions: Children can be very powerful agents of change in public health interventions; however, Māori health-promotion best practice demands that we be mindful of our responsibility to protect children and encourage healthy lifestyles in a way that empowers every member of the whānau (family). Collective effort, in conjunction with timely and appropriate stakeholder support, is necessary to reduce the burden of obesity on our population.
Māori and Medications
Authors: Nikora Linda Waimarie , Hodgetts Darrin , Carlson Teah , Rua Mohi
Published: February 2017

Chronic illnesses are a feature of many Māori homescapes. These illnesses are often managed at home through the use of health technologies, particularly medications. This article explores the meanings given to medications and the use of this health technology in four Māori households. We use a range of qualitative methods to engage with householders and to document how medications are acculturated into Māori homescapes and everyday lives. From our discussions with householders about the procurement, storage, emplacement and administration of medications emerged five culturally patterned orientations to treating with medications. They are: 1) storage and administration practices that corresponded with the Māori hygiene practices of tapu (prohibited) and noa (permitted); 2) reminder strategies, or ngā pūrere whakamāharahara; 3) the enactment of the value of manaakitanga (kindness) in care relationships; 4) pōharatanga, or attitudes towards medication procurement and administration in households textured by low socio-economic status; and 5) rangatiratanga, the right of people to manage and make decisions about their own lives and health status. This study presents a view of how medications are acculturated into Māori homescapes, relationships and daily routines. The use of health technologies by health professionals to interrupt illness and improve quality of life must be cognisant of the cultural contexts into which medications are prescribed.
Mouri Matters
Authors: Penehira Mera , Smith Linda Tuhiwai , Green Alison , Aspin Clive
Published: February 2017

The vision statement of Te Reo o Taranaki, “Tuku reo, tuku mouri: language, culture, crossing generations”, embodies the essence of an understanding of mouri which goes beyond the simple dictionary translations of “life force” or “life essence”. Indeed, there are numerous oral narratives—whakataukī (proverbs), waiata (songs), haka (dance), karanga (ceremonial call), whaikōrero (formal speech), karakia (prayers and incantations)—from the present day to our earliest records of Māori history that engage the notion of mouri. The purpose of this paper is to examine current understandings of mouri and, by linking the concept with linguistic, cultural and intergenerational terms—as in the Taranaki example—it will be argued that mouri is something of significance to our “being” and to our wellbeing.
Deciphering the “Indigenous” in Indigenous Methodologies
Authors: Ray Lana
Published: February 2017

Motivated by the author's experience in an Indigenous Studies doctoral programme, this article examines what is inherent within the meaning of Indigenous in the term Indigenous methodologies. Through this examination it becomes evident that Traditional knowledges are not interchangeable with Indigenous within the term. To better reflect the inherent meanings of Indigenous the author characterizes two types of Indigenous methodology which are coined “strategic Indigenous methodologies” and “convergence Indigenous methodologies”. This article also discusses the negative implications of assuming that Traditional knowledges are at the centre of Indigenous methodologies and provides insight into how conceptions of Indigenous methodologies can expand to be more inclusive of Traditional knowledges.
Development and Indigenous Systems
Authors: El-Gack Nawal
Published: February 2017

This article explores and examines the dynamics of indigenous approaches employed by local organizations in North Kordofan, Sudan. It demonstrates how these approaches have succeeded in achieving economic and human development. The article illustrates how people have been inspired by their own values and internal social relationships to create changes in their lives and the lives of others. The material is based on an empirical study conducted in 2006 and 2008, in which I used various qualitative research methods.
“To Let Die”
Authors: Hunkin Galumalemana A.
Published: February 2017

This paper argues that ethnic language retention is core to the productivity of ethnic minorities. The decline of ethnic languages such as the Samoan language in New Zealand signals a loss that poses a serious threat to the wellbeing and productivity of Samoans in New Zealand. The Samoan language is under serious threat in New Zealand. The absence of a language policy by New Zealand governments to ensure the maintenance of the Samoan language in New Zealand has largely contributed to the decline in the number of speakers. For nearly 40 years Samoans have been lobbying governments and the Ministry of Education for Samoan language programmes to be available at all school class levels. Its maintenance in New Zealand requires acknowledgement of a link between stable ethnic identities and ethnic group productivity and of the “killer” effect, as argued by Tove Skutnabb-Kangas (2002), of the hegemonies of the dominant English language on ethnic minority languages such as the Samoan language in New Zealand.
Digital Modalities of Sited Memory
Authors: Jacobson-Konefall Jessica
Published: February 2017

This paper analyses a new media art projection in Winnipeg, Canada. The projection of digital animations visually illustrates the narrative of Sky Woman, a North American indigenous creation myth, and is to be installed over the Assiniboine River at The Forks, a Manitoba tourism and heritage site located in downtown Winnipeg. After projecting the work at the site, the artists intend to share the animated projection via online databases such as YouTube. Given that The Forks is the actual location of the event described in the Sky Woman story, there is a direct and specific relationship imagined between the geographic place that the projection will occupy and its content and form. The various elements of this installation—place, content and form—posit a contemporary indigenous epistemology of place and sited memory, interrupting a fixed sense of place or landscape undergirding Canadian national imaginaries.
Revealing the (in)Competency of “Cultural Competency” in Medical Education
Authors: Paul David , Hill Shauna , Ewen Shaun
Published: February 2017

There are multiple factors that influence the quality of health and the health care experience of Aboriginal patients. Some of these factors include health professionals’ clinical decision-making and miscommunication between doctor and patient. A more “culturally competent” health workforce is a recommended strategy in addressing the extensively documented health disparities between Australia's Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples. Culture, its importance in, and connection to health, is being increasingly explored in medical curricula with the expectation of improved health outcomes. This literature review on cultural competency in medical curricula reveals an emerging awareness of the paucity of data showing evidence of positive health outcomes for Aboriginal patients of “culturally competent” medical professionals. This highlights the need for there to be evidence of more than just practitioner satisfaction but also of meaningful shifts in health outcomes for Aboriginal patients of a more culturally knowledgeable medical profession.
Fighting Tradition
Authors: Herlihy Laura Hobson
Published: February 2017

This article concerns gender violence against indigenous Miskitu women in Nicaragua's North Atlantic Autonomous Region (RAAN) by examining how violence toward RAAN women is linked not only to culturally-based perceptions of love and marriage, but also to disruptive gender relations caused by neoliberal economic policies of the state and the lack of justice accessible to women through Nicaraguan customary law (derecho indígena o consuetudinario). The second part of the article reveals that RAAN women are beginning to view gender violence as criminal behaviour, especially when their children are the victims of aggressors. Increasingly, women are seeking justice for themselves and their daughters through the national system of justice and through governmental and non-governmental organizations. Conclusions suggest that while multiple and convergent cultural, economic, and politico-juridical factors have generated and institutionalized intra-familial violence in Miskitu society, recent changes will de-centre the normalization of violence within the next generation.
Perspectives on a Decolonizing Approach to Research About Indigenous Women's Health: The Indigenous Women's Wellness Study
Authors: Walker Melissa , Fredericks Bronwyn , Mills Kyly , Anderson Debra
Published: February 2017

This paper explores a decolonizing approach to research about Indigenous women's health in Australia. The paper identifies the strengths of decolonizing methodologies as a way to prioritize Indigenous values and worldviews, develop partnerships between researchers and the researched, and contribute to positive change. The authors draw on Laenui's (2000) five-step model of decolonization to describe their work in the Indigenous Women's Wellness Project in Brisbane, Queensland. They argue that Laenui's model presents a valuable framework for conducting decolonizing research projects about women's health with Australian Indigenous women. The authors demonstrate that working within a decolonizing framework offers autonomy and sustainability for women's wellness activities, while continuing to improve a community's health and wellbeing outcomes.
Commentary: Ecuador and the rights of Indigenous peoples
Authors: Santamaria Paola
Published: February 2017

Ecuador has long championed the struggle against colonialism and criticized exploitative neo-liberal policies in Latin America. However, the government's continued support of resource extraction on Indigenous lands has led them to repress legitimate protest movements and to violate key legal documents including the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples and the country's own constitution.
At the Heart of Learning (Series: Paper 3 of 4): Kurunta Kanyintja: Holding Knowledge in our Spirit
Authors: Tjitayi Katrina , Osborne Sam
Published: February 2017

In recent years, Anangu (Pitjantjatjara/Yankunytjatjara) education and remote education more broadly have strongly focused attention on key areas such as attendance and literacy and numeracy benchmarks. Remote schools have implemented a number of policies, programmes and strategies, but national statistics show that student attainment remains “behind” and the “gap” is increasing on these measures. In this paper, the authors explore the key ingredients that build confidence and “open the spirit” of young Anangu students to be receptive to acquire new knowledge as they encounter new and unfamiliar experiences in school. In order to achieve this, remote educators need to consider the role of family members and the intergenerational learning environment that cements knowledge deep within the spirit. Educators are encouraged to consider the critical tools and processes required to acquire “codes of power” (Delpit, 1993), building mastery and confidence in the Western social context of schools and mainstream society.
Commentary: The Dynamics between Indigenous Rights and Environmental Governance: A Preliminary Analysis and Focus on the Impact of Climate Change Governance through the Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) Programme
Authors: Ayari Inès
Published: February 2017

This piece discusses the complex relationship between international environmental governance, sometimes referred to as “earth system governance”, and indigenous rights. These two sets of governing institutions are theoretically envisioned as complementary, as both incorporate the important notion of environmental and natural resource protection. Emphasis has been progressively put on the natural symbiosis and correlation between the overall goals of sustainable development and indigenous self-determination and identity preservation. The specific connections forest dwellers and other indigenous populations have with their lands, the knowledge stemming from this connection and the significant role this plays in resource protection have been increasingly acknowledged.

This commentary focuses on the interplay of indigenous rights and climate change governance embodied in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and its corollary, the initiative on Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) in developing countries, later extended to Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation “plus” conservation, the sustainable management of forests and enhancement of forest carbon stocks (REDD+). Discussion then turns to the potential opportunities and harm REDD+ mechanisms represent for indigenous communities and their rights.
Survivance as an Indigenously Determined Game
Authors: Lapensée Elizabeth
Published: February 2017

Survivance ( www.survivance.org ) is an indigenous social impact game that honours storytelling and art as self-determined pathways to healing from historical trauma caused by colonization in Turtle Island (North America). Survivance is adapted from the multimedia health and wellness project Discovering Our Story, which was developed by the non-profit organization Wisdom of the Elders alongside indigenous storytellers. A playtesting study of the prototype was conducted with urban indigenous players living in Portland, Oregon, to determine the impact of Survivance. This paper describes the development process, design, playtesting, and outcomes of playtesting the game in the context of biskaabiiyang methodology, an Anishinaabe approach of “returning to ourselves”. Playtesting shows that intergenerational exchanges of traditions, stories, and art practices are pathways to wellbeing that influence the player's self, various forms of community, and the greater world, while also fostering a reciprocal relationship with spirit.
Concept Alignment for Sustainability: Relevance of the Mauri Model in Asmat, Southern Papua
Authors: Wambrauw Elisabeth Veronika , Morgan Te Kipa Kepa Brian
Published: February 2017

Asmat is located in the delta area of Southern Papua, the easternmost part of Indonesia. The culture of the indigenous people of this area, the Asmat, is focused on sustaining balance in the universe: Asmat believe in a connection between humans, their environment and the spirit of the environment. This article aims to determine the feasibility of transferring a decision-making framework created specifically for the Aotearoa New Zealand context to the geographically, politically and culturally distant context of Asmat. The Māori concept of mauri is similar to the Asmat concept of ja asamanam apcamar (keep in balance). The Mauri Model Decision Making Framework is a unique sustainability decision-making model that was developed in New Zealand. The framework has been applied to engineering case studies to assess problem solving in complex systems. A comparison between Māori and Asmat tribes reveals similarities that support the use of the Mauri Model in the Asmat context to assess the equitable distribution of infrastructure development in Asmat.
Vanuatu Water Music and the Mwerlap Diaspora: Music, migration, tradition, and tourism
Authors: Dick Thomas
Published: February 2017

Taking the case of the Mwerlap-speaking people from the islands of Gaua and Merelava in northern Vanuatu, this article investigates the forces at play in the mobility of people in Vanuatu. I describe the process by which a diasporic community transitioned into the Leweton Cultural Village in the urban setting of Luganville, Espiritu Santo. In a context of extremely high levels of linguistic and cultural diversity, the research project reported in this article examines the ways in which a diasporic community is navigating an intercultural space by mobilizing itself and its cultural assets in a variety of rapidly evolving formats that span a range of industries, sectors and cultural transition areas. I add to the knowledge and understanding of the significance of subnational diasporas by exploring the role they can play as incubators of cultural export products, particularly in the music and tourism industries, by using the case of the ni-Vanuatu performers of women's “water music”.
A Promised Mindland?: A rectificatory theory-practice position for non-Indigenous researchers
Authors: Puch-Bouwman Jen
Published: February 2017

Non-Indigenous researchers who study Indigenous people and issues are situated in a highly contested epistemological space. Indigenous sovereignty and decolonizing endeavours have transformed this realm into a thriving liberatory arena. That in turn has stirred colonial residues in the field and has led non-Indigenous researchers to readjust their ideologies and practices vis-à-vis the Indigenous epistemological insurgence. In order to respond to these challenges, researchers may turn to a range of theory-practice positions. I review these positions and suggest that, despite their immense contributions, they still constitute higher-level symptoms of the colonial aftermath. Therefore, a rectificatory theory-practice position is proposed, advocating resistance, trans-generational justice and reparation by non-Indigenous researchers in Indigenous-related research. In addition, I introduce the concept of “mindland” to encompass the rectification of both knowledge and land, and highlight the wider colonized context of Indigenous-related research.
Kaupapa Māori theory and critical Discourse Analysis: Transformation and social change
Authors: Jackson Anne-Marie
Published: February 2017

The indigenous development research agenda is centred on understanding and affecting social change. Kaupapa Māori theory (research theory and methodology that is uniquely Māori) and critical discourse analysis are two theoretical and methodological frameworks that can contribute to this broad agenda. The two frameworks are connected through critical theory, transdisciplinary approaches to research, tino rangatiratanga (chieftainship) and, most significantly, actualizing social change. As a Māori researcher I work alongside Māori communities and the process is non-linear and “messy”, which is the reality of working with communities. Kaupapa Māori theory provides me with the space for Māori-focused research within the academy, and critical discourse analysis is another tool I utilize to further the aspirations of the Māori communities I work alongside. In this paper I draw from an example of my research in Māori fisheries management to argue that critical discourse analysis offers researchers a framework that complements and strengthens the analysis within kaupapa Māori theory and methodology.
Sight Unseen: Imag(in)ing Indigeneity in English
Authors: Dinova Joanne , Pine Lila
Published: February 2017

While Western linguists have challenged the notion that a distinct worldview results from the speaking of Indigenous languages in comparison to European languages, Indigenous-language speakers generally support the idea. The Indigenous worldview, they argue, is fundamentally different and evinces an infinite connectedness that is lacking from European languages. However, if different languages do produce distinct worldviews, then each language should be not only structurally different, it should have a unique “look” and “feel”. We have been using new media technology to generate language visualizations that will be mapped against distinctive grammatical features of the respective languages. Our theoretical framework fuses new media and Indigenous theories. Our goal is to identify the source of connectedness in language in order to discover a means of re-Indigenizing English. In this article, presented as a dialogue between the authors, we consider some implications and ask whether the project is wise or even possible.
Rooted in the Land: Taíno identity, oral history and stories of reclamation in contemporary contexts
Authors: Neeganagwedgin Erica
Published: February 2017

This paper presents my critical reflections on what it means to be a Taíno Indigenous person. It is part of an ongoing research project that started in 2013 and is based on oral histories, ancestral knowledges, collective memories of family, community narratives, and other historical accounts, including the voices of 10 people from two rural communities in Southern Jamaica. This research uses an Indigenous research methodology to honour ancestral knowledge systems. Historically, stories about Taíno people have been from the perspectives of the dominant culture and have used a language of the Taíno people's nonexistence. This article demonstrates that Taíno Indigenous people are a central part of identity in the Caribbean world, that the Taíno culture currently exists and that the silencing of Indigenous identity and history is being disrupted. The Taíno people are rejecting the foreign notions of what it means to be Taíno. Today, we Taíno people are taking a decolonization approach as we reclaim and reconstruct Taíno nationhood and identity as expressions of spiritual wellness and self-determination.
Qualitative Experience of Sleep in Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Fogelberg Donald J. , Leland Natalie E. , Blanchard Jeanine , Rich Timothy J. , Clark Florence A.
Published: February 2017

Poor sleep contributes to adverse health outcomes making it important to understand sleep in medically vulnerable populations, including those with spinal cord injury (SCI). However, little attention has been paid to circumstances specific to SCI that may negatively affect sleep, or to consequences of poor sleep in this population. The objective of this study was to examine the experience of sleep among individuals with SCI. Secondary analysis using thematic coding of qualitative data from an ethnographic study of community-dwelling adults with SCI was conducted. Sleep-related data were found in transcripts for 90% of the sample. Participants described diminished sleep duration and irregular sleep patterns. Several factors contributing to poor sleep were identified, including SCI-related circumstances and sleep environment. Participants also discussed how poor sleep affected occupational engagement. This study highlights the extent of sleep disturbance experienced after SCI and the subsequent impact on occupational performance, and provides direction for clinical practice.
Near-Infrared Spectroscopy in Gait Disorders: Is It Time to Begin?
Authors: Gramigna Vera , Pellegrino Giovanni , Cerasa Antonio , Cutini Simone , Vasta Roberta , Olivadese Giuseppe , Martino Iolanda , Quattrone Aldo
Published: February 2017

Walking is a complex motor behavior with a special relevance in clinical neurology. Many neurological diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and stroke, are characterized by gait disorders whose neurofunctional correlates are poorly investigated. Indeed, the analysis of real walking with the standard neuroimaging techniques poses strong challenges, and only a few studies on motor imagery or walking observation have been performed so far. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is becoming an important research tool to assess functional activity in neurological populations or for special tasks, such as walking, because it allows investigating brain hemodynamic activity in an ecological setting, without strong immobility constraints. A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines was conducted on the fNIRS-based examination of gait disorders. Twelve of the initial yield of 489 articles have been included in this review. The lesson learnt from these studies suggest that oxy-hemoglobin levels within the prefrontal and premotor cortices are more sensitive to compensation strategies reflecting postural control and restoration of gait disorders. Although this field of study is in its relative infancy, the evidence provided encourages the translation of fNIRS in clinical practice, as it offers a unique opportunity to explore in depth the activity of the cortical motor system during real walking in neurological patients. We also discuss to what extent fNIRS may be applied for assessing the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs.
CEO Overconfidence and Ambidextrous Innovation
Authors: Wong Ying-Jiuan , Lee Cheng-Yu , Chang Shao-Chi
Published: February 2017

While prior research has focused on the effect of CEO overconfidence on innovation, few studies have been conducted to reveal how and whether an overconfident CEO affects ambidextrous innovation, which means the simultaneous and balanced pursuit of both exploratory and exploitative innovation. By observing firms’ patenting behavior, we investigate the effect of CEOs’ psychological attribute of overconfidence on innovation ambidexterity. In addition, we examine how a firm’s governance system moderates the relationship between CEO overconfidence and ambidextrous innovation. The results show that overconfident CEOs are more apt to create or magnify an imbalance in innovation ambidexterity. Furthermore, the results regarding the moderating effects of governance and monitoring mechanisms indicate that an independent board and dedicated institutional ownership mitigate the positive relationship between CEO overconfidence and a firm’s ambidextrous imbalance, while transient institutional ownership enhances this relationship. We also find that analyst following does not effectively monitor an overconfident CEO’s tendency toward an ambidextrous imbalance.
An approach for reliability-based sensitivity analysis based on saddlepoint approximation
Authors: Lu Hao , Shen Gang , Zhu Zhencai
Published: February 2017

Reliability-based sensitivity analysis quantifies the effects of input random variables on model outputs. It is an integral part of reliability-based design and robust optimal design. An efficient reliability sensitivity method is developed in this article by combining the stochastic perturbation technique and the moment-based saddlepoint approximation. The main advantage of the presented method is that only the first three moments of the structural response are needed and the cumulant generating functions of input random variables are not strictly required. Several examples are illustrated, and the analysis procedure shows that the method is convenient to be applied to parameter sensitivity analysis of structural reliability.
A hierarchical decision-making framework for the assessment of the prediction capability of prognostic methods
Authors: Zeng Zhiguo , Di Maio Francesco , Zio Enrico , Kang Rui
Published: February 2017

In prognostics and health management, the prediction capability of a prognostic method refers to its ability to provide trustable predictions of the remaining useful life, with the quality characteristics required by the related maintenance decision making. The prediction capability heavily influences the decision makers’ attitude toward taking the risk of using the predicted remaining useful life to inform the maintenance decisions. In this article, a four-layer, top-down, hierarchical decision-making framework is proposed to assess the prediction capability of prognostic methods. In the framework, prediction capability is broken down into two criteria (Layer 2), six sub-criteria (Layer 3) and 19 basic sub-criteria (Layer 4). Based on the hierarchical framework, a bottom-up, quantitative approach is developed for the assessment of the prediction capability, using the information and data collected at the Layer-4 basic sub-criteria level. Analytical hierarchical process is applied for the evaluation and aggregation of the sub-criteria and support vector machine is applied to develop a classification-based approach for prediction capability assessment. The framework and quantitative approach are applied on a simulated case study to assess the prediction capabilities of three prognostic methods of the literature: fuzzy similarity, feed-forward neural network and hidden semi-Markov model. The results show the feasibility of the practical application of the framework and its quantitative assessment approach, and that the assessed prediction capability can be used to support the selection of the suitable prognostic method for a given application.
The National Competency Framework for Registered Nurses in Adult Critical Care: An overview
Authors: Deacon Kate S , Baldwin Andrea , Donnelly Karen A , Freeman Pauline , Himsworth Angela P , Kinoulty Sheila M , Kynaston Melanie , Platten Julie , Price Ann M , Rumsby Neville , Witton Nicola
Published: February 2017

In the years following the abolition of the English National Board for Nursing, Midwifery and Health Visiting in 2002, concerns were raised within the Critical Care nursing community about a lack of consistency in post-registration education programmes. In response to this, the Critical Care Network National Nurse Leads (CC3N) formed a sub-group, the Critical Care Nurse Education Review Forum (CCNERF) to address these concerns. A review of UK course provision confirmed marked inconsistency in the length, content and associated academic award. The CCNERF commenced a two-phase project, first developing national standards for critical care nurse education such as length of course and academic credit level, followed by the development of a national competency framework. Following significant review and revision, version two of the National Competency Framework for Registered Nurses in Adult Critical Care was published by CC3N in 2015. This paper introduces the National Competency Framework and provides an overview of its background, development and implementation. It then considers the future direction of UK post-registration Critical Care nurse education.
Outcomes of the six-strand M-Tang repair for zone 2 primary flexor tendon repair in 54 fingers
Authors: Zhou X. , Li X.R. , Qing J. , Jia X.F. , Chen J.
Published: February 2017

We repaired complete divisions of flexor tendons in zone 2 in 54 fingers using a six-strand core M-Tang repair method. Partial active digital motion started with early passive digital motion carried out first in the first 3–4 weeks after surgery and full range of active motion in later weeks. The patients were followed for 4–27 months. According to Strickland criteria or Tang criteria, 24 (83%) had excellent or good, four fair and one poor results in 28 fingers with follow-up of more than one year. In the other 25 fingers which were followed for less than 12 months, 19 (76%) had excellent and good, four fair and two poor results. There were no repair ruptures. We analysed outcomes against ages, gender, pulley integrity, accompanied injuries and follow-up times. The patients younger than 37 years old, male patients and with their A2 pulley(s) vented there were significantly better outcomes. The patients with longer than one year follow-up had significantly smaller extension deficits than those with less than one year follow-up.

Level of evidence: IV
Double Vision
Authors: Nee Rebecca Coates , Shen Hongmei , Dozier David M.
Published: February 2017

Consumers increasingly use a second screen (computer, smartphone, and tablet) to virtually engage with each other through social networks as they watch television. This 2 × 3 experiment addresses a gap in framing research by testing the effects of institutional and social media as competing partisan frames during a presidential debate excerpt. Findings show peer-generated social media frames exerted stronger effects on subjects’ opinions of the candidates’ performance than institutional frames. Some subjects showed an apparent “backlash effect” when simultaneously exposed to social media and institutional frames that ran counter to their existing schemas.