bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of crystal proximity and crystal-binder adhesion on the thermal responses of ultrasonically-excited composite energetic materials
Authors: Roberts Z. A. , Casey A. D. , Gunduz I. E. , Rhoads J. F. , Son S. F.
Published: December 2017

Composite energetic materials have been shown to generate heat under certain ultrasonic excitations, enough to drive rapid reactions in some cases. In an attempt to isolate the proposed heat generation mechanisms of frictional and viscoelastic heating at crystal-crystal and crystal-binder interfaces, a systematic study was conducted with cyclotetramethylene-tetranitramine crystals arranged as discrete inclusions within Sylgard 184 binder. Groups of three embedded crystals, or “triads,” were arranged in two geometries with the crystals either in contact or slightly separated. Additionally, samples with good crystal-binder adhesion as well as ones mechanically debonded using compression were considered. The samples were excited ultrasonically with a contact piezoelectric transducer, and the top surface of each sample was monitored via infrared thermography. The contacting triads showed evidence of an intense localized heat source conducting to the polymer surface above the crystal locations in contrast to the separated triads. The debonded samples of both types reached higher maximum surface temperatures, on average. The results of both two-way and nested analysis of variance indicate a statistically significant difference for both adhesion and separation distance on temperature rise. We conclude that friction between crystal contact points and a debonded, moving binder at the crystal interface (also a mode of friction) play a significant role in localized heat generation, while viscoelastic/viscoplastic heating appears comparatively minor for these specific excitation conditions. The significance of frictional heat generation over viscoelastic heating in these systems may influence future design considerations related to the selection of binder materials for composite energetic materials.
A force-matching Stillinger-Weber potential for MoS2: Parameterization and Fisher information theory based sensitivity analysis
Authors: Wen Mingjian , Shirodkar Sharmila N. , Plecháč Petr , Kaxiras Efthimios , Elliott Ryan S. , Tadmor Ellad B.
Published: December 2017

Two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) is a promising material for the next generation of switchable transistors and photodetectors. In order to perform large-scale molecular simulations of the mechanical and thermal behavior of MoS2-based devices, an accurate interatomic potential is required. To this end, we have developed a Stillinger-Weber potential for monolayer MoS2. The potential parameters are optimized to reproduce the geometry (bond lengths and bond angles) of MoS2 in its equilibrium state and to match as closely as possible the forces acting on the atoms along a dynamical trajectory obtained from ab initio molecular dynamics. Verification calculations indicate that the new potential accurately predicts important material properties including the strain dependence of the cohesive energy, the elastic constants, and the linear thermal expansion coefficient. The uncertainty in the potential parameters is determined using a Fisher information theory analysis. It is found that the parameters are fully identified, and none are redundant. In addition, the Fisher information matrix provides uncertainty bounds for predictions of the potential for new properties. As an example, bounds on the average vibrational thickness of a MoS2 monolayer at finite temperature are computed and found to be consistent with the results from a molecular dynamics simulation. The new potential is available through the OpenKIM interatomic potential repository at https://openkim.org/cite/MO_201919462778_000.
Composition-dependent properties and phase stability of Fe-Pd ferromagnetic shape memory alloys: A first-principles study
Authors: Li Chun-Mei , Hu Yan-Fei
Published: December 2017

The composition-dependent properties and their correlation with the phase stability of Fe75+xPd25−x (−10.0≤x≤10.0) alloys are systematically investigated by using first-principles exact muffin-tin orbitals (EMTO)-coherent potential approximation (CPA) calculations. It is shown that the martensitic transformation (MT) from L12 to body-centered-tetragonal (bct) occurs in the ordered alloys with about −5.0≤x≤10.0. In both the L12 and bct phases, the evaluated a and c/a agree well with the available experimental data; the average magnetic moment per atom increases whereas the local magnetic moments of Fe atoms, dependent on both their positions and the structure of the alloy, decrease with increasing x. The tetragonal shear elastic constant of the L12 phase (C′) decreases whereas that of the bct phase (Cs) increases with x. The tetragonality of the martensite (|1−c/a|) increases whereas its energy relative to the austenite with a negative value decreases with Fe addition. All these effects account for the increase of MT temperature (TM) with x. The MT from L12 to bct is finally confirmed originating from the splitting of Fe 3d Eg and T2g bands upon tetragonal distortion due to the Jahn-Teller effect.
Spin-phonon coupling in antiferromagnetic nickel oxide
Authors: Aytan E. , Debnath B. , Kargar F. , Barlas Y. , Lacerda M. M. , Li J. X. , Lake R. K. , Shi J. , Balandin A. A.
Published: December 2017

We report the results of ultraviolet Raman spectroscopy of NiO, which allowed us to determine the spin-phonon coupling coefficients in this important antiferromagnetic material. The use of the second-order phonon scattering and ultraviolet laser excitation (λ = 325 nm) was essential for overcoming the problem of the optical selection rules and dominance of the two-magnon band in the visible Raman spectrum of NiO. We established that the spins of Ni atoms interact more strongly with the longitudinal than transverse optical phonons and produce opposite effects on the phonon energies. The peculiarities of the spin-phonon coupling are consistent with the trends given by density functional theory. The obtained results shed light on the nature of the spin-phonon coupling in antiferromagnetic insulators and can help in developing spintronic devices.
Optimization and benchmarking of a perturbative Metropolis Monte Carlo quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics program
Authors: Feldt Jonas , Miranda Sebastião , Pratas Frederico , Roma Nuno , Tomás Pedro , Mata Ricardo A.
Published: December 2017

In this work, we present an optimized perturbative quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics (QM/MM) method for use in Metropolis Monte Carlo simulations. The model adopted is particularly tailored for the simulation of molecular systems in solution but can be readily extended to other applications, such as catalysis in enzymatic environments. The electrostatic coupling between the QM and MM systems is simplified by applying perturbation theory to estimate the energy changes caused by a movement in the MM system. This approximation, together with the effective use of GPU acceleration, leads to a negligible added computational cost for the sampling of the environment. Benchmark calculations are carried out to evaluate the impact of the approximations applied and the overall computational performance.
On the influence of thermal hysteresis on the performance of thermomagnetic motors
Authors: Bessa C. V. X. , Ferreira L. D. R. , Horikawa O. , Monteiro J. C. B. , Gandra F. G. , Gama S.
Published: December 2017

Although thermal hysteresis might be a problem in the magnetocaloric refrigeration, the same is not necessarily true for thermomagnetic motor applications. This work presents a comparison of the magnetocaloric properties of materials with first order magnetic transition (having large or narrow thermal hysteresis) to those with second order magnetic transition, assessing the application of these materials in thermomagnetic motors through a thermodynamic approach. Results show that the larger the thermal hysteresis, the higher the specific work produced in a thermal cycle. This allows operation at higher temperature differences with high efficiency relative to Carnot efficiency, when compared with systems using narrow hysteresis and second order transition materials.
Impact of SiNx capping on the formation of source/drain contact for In-Ga-Zn-O thin film transistor with self-aligned gate
Authors: Oh Himchan , Pi Jae-Eun , Hwang Chi-Sun , Kwon Oh-Sang
Published: December 2017

Self-aligned gate structures are preferred for faster operation and scaling down of thin film transistors by reducing the overlapped region between source/drain and gate electrodes. Doping on source/drain regions is essential to fabricate such a self-aligned gate thin film transistor. For oxide semiconductors such as In-Ga-Zn-O, SiNx capping readily increases their carrier concentration. We report that the SiNx deposition temperature and thickness significantly affect the device properties, including threshold voltage, field effect mobility, and contact resistance. The reason for these variations in device characteristics mainly comes from the extension of the doped region to the gated area after the SiNx capping step. Analyses on capacitance-voltage and transfer length characteristics support this idea.
Dust ion acoustic waves in four component magnetized dusty plasma with effect of slow rotation and superthermal electrons
Authors: Farooq M. , Ahmad Mushtaq
Published: December 2017

Dust ion acoustic waves are investigated in four component magneto-rotating dusty plasma comprising opposite polarity dust grains, ions, and nonthermal electrons using the concept of one fluid and two fluid models. The Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation is derived using the reductive perturbation technique to study the nonlinear solitary wave structures. The numerical results show that the superthermality of electrons affects both amplitude and width of the solitary waves while the rotational frequency has a small impression on the width. It is shown that the solitary wave changes its potential from positive to negative at a critical value of the superthermal parameter. It is also observed that the inertial role of dust grains flourishes the effect of rotational frequency and also changes the critical value of the superthermal parameter where the positive/negative potential solitary waves exist.
Nonlinear dynamics of a cold collisional electron plasma
Authors: Brodin G. , Stenflo L.
Published: December 2017

We study the influence of collisions on the dynamics of a cold non-relativistic plasma. It is shown that even a comparatively small collision frequency can significantly change the large amplitude wave solution.
Potts model coupled to random causal triangulations
Authors: Cerda Hernández J.
Published: December 2017

In this work, we study the annealed Potts model coupled to two-dimensional causal triangulations (CTs). Employing duality of graphs, we prove that in the thermodynamic limit, the Potts model coupled to causal triangulations with parameters β and μ is equivalent to a Potts model coupled to dual causal triangulations at the dual parameters β* = log(1 + q/(eβ − 1)) and μ* = μ − 3/2log(eβ − 1) + log q. This duality relation follows from the Fermi–Kurie representation for the Potts model. Employing our duality relation, we determine a region where the critical curve for the annealed model can be located. We also provide lower and upper bounds for the infinite-volume free energy.
Adaptive laser conditioning of reflective thin film based on photo thermal lens probe
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Zheng Yi , Zhang Qinghua , Pan Feng , Wei Yaowei , Wang Jian , Xu Qiao
Published: December 2017

A novel laser conditioning (LC) concept that performs adaptive control of exposure fluence is proposed. As photo-thermal absorption effect can discover defects responsible for laser-induced damage of reflective thin film, in situ photo-thermal lens probe is introduced in conventional LC procedure to detect defects during raster-scanning. The absorptance signal is fed back to guide the adaptive control of exposure fluence. By this method, the damage risk accompanying with LC can be reduced to a rather low level. In order to test the performance of adaptive laser conditioning (ALC), an experimental setup has been built, and several film samples have been tested. The results show that ALC is effective at reducing laser damage risk.
Intensive sex partying with gamma-hydroxybutyrate: factors associated with using gamma-hydroxybutyrate for chemsex among Australian gay and bisexual men – results from the Flux Study
Authors: Hammoud Mohamed A. , Bourne Adam , Maher Lisa , Jin Fengyi , Haire Bridget , Lea Toby , Degenhardt Louisa , Grierson Jeffrey , Prestage Garrett
Published: December 2017

Background Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) use among gay and bisexual men (GBM) has increased in recent years. It is commonly cited as a sexual-enhancement drug. There is, however, little evidence for factors associated with GHB use or the consequences of its use among GBM. Aim: Factors associated with GHB use, its relationship to sexual risk behaviour, and the contexts, consequences, and motivations for its use were examined. Methods: The Following Lives Undergoing Change (Flux) Study is an online prospective observational study of Australian GBM. At baseline, a total of 3190 GBM provided details about their use of GHB. Data on frequency, methods, pleasures and consequences of their drug use, alongside key demographic variables were collected. Results: Mean age was 35.0 years. One in five men (19.5%) had a history of GHB use and 5.4% reported use within the past 6 months, with 2.7% having used it monthly or more frequently. Overdose had been experienced by 14.7%, this was more common among men who used GHB at least monthly. Being HIV-positive, having more gay friends, greater social engagement with gay men who use drugs, a greater number of sexual partners, group sex, and condomless anal intercourse with casual partners were independently associated with GHB use in the past 6 months. Greater social engagement with gay men who use drugs and group sex were independently associated with at least monthly use. More frequent GHB use was independently associated with experiencing overdose among GHB users. Conclusion: Most men used GHB infrequently and it was often used explicitly to enhance sexual experiences, often in the context of intensive sex partying. Men who used GHB frequently, were at greater risk of overdose and other negative health outcomes. GHB use should be considered alongside other drugs that have been implicated in sexual risk behaviour and HIV transmission. Harm-reduction interventions need to consider the particular impact of frequent GHB use.
Transcriptional and functional profiling defines human small intestinal macrophage subsets
Authors: Bujko Anna , Atlasy Nader , Landsverk Ole J.B. , Richter Lisa , Yaqub Sheraz , Horneland Rune , Øyen Ole , Aandahl Einar Martin , Aabakken Lars , Stunnenberg Hendrik G. , Bækkevold Espen S. , Jahnsen Frode L.
Published: December 2017

Macrophages (Mfs) are instrumental in maintaining immune homeostasis in the intestine, yet studies on the origin and heterogeneity of human intestinal Mfs are scarce. Here, we identified four distinct Mf subpopulations in human small intestine (SI). Assessment of their turnover in duodenal transplants revealed that all Mf subsets were completely replaced over time; Mf1 and Mf2, phenotypically similar to peripheral blood monocytes (PBMos), were largely replaced within 3 wk, whereas two subsets with features of mature Mfs, Mf3 and Mf4, exhibited significantly slower replacement. Mf3 and Mf4 localized differently in SI; Mf3 formed a dense network in mucosal lamina propria, whereas Mf4 was enriched in submucosa. Transcriptional analysis showed that all Mf subsets were markedly distinct from PBMos and dendritic cells. Compared with PBMos, Mf subpopulations showed reduced responsiveness to proinflammatory stimuli but were proficient at endocytosis of particulate and soluble material. These data provide a comprehensive analysis of human SI Mf population and suggest a precursor-progeny relationship with PBMos.
Plasmacytoid dendritic cells protect from viral bronchiolitis and asthma through semaphorin 4a–mediated T reg expansion
Authors: Lynch Jason P. , Werder Rhiannon B. , Loh Zhixuan , Sikder Md. Al Amin , Curren Bodie , Zhang Vivian , Rogers Matthew J. , Lane Katie , Simpson Jennifer , Mazzone Stuart B. , Spann Kirsten , Hayball John , Diener Kerrilyn , Everard Mark L. , Blyth Christopher C. , Forstner Christian , Dennis Paul G. , Murtaza Nida , Morrison Mark , Ó Cuív Páraic , Zhang Ping , Haque Ashraful , Hill Geoffrey R. , Sly Peter D. , Upham John W. , Phipps Simon
Published: December 2017

Respiratory syncytial virus–bronchiolitis is a major independent risk factor for subsequent asthma, but the causal mechanisms remain obscure. We identified that transient plasmacytoid dendritic cell (pDC) depletion during primary Pneumovirus infection alone predisposed to severe bronchiolitis in early life and subsequent asthma in later life after reinfection. pDC depletion ablated interferon production and increased viral load; however, the heightened immunopathology and susceptibility to subsequent asthma stemmed from a failure to expand functional neuropilin-1+ regulatory T (T reg) cells in the absence of pDC-derived semaphorin 4a (Sema4a). In adult mice, pDC depletion predisposed to severe bronchiolitis only after antibiotic treatment. Consistent with a protective role for the microbiome, treatment of pDC-depleted neonates with the microbial-derived metabolite propionate promoted Sema4a-dependent T reg cell expansion, ameliorating both diseases. In children with viral bronchiolitis, nasal propionate levels were decreased and correlated with an IL-6high/IL-10low microenvironment. We highlight a common but age-related Sema4a-mediated pathway by which pDCs and microbial colonization induce T reg cell expansion to protect against severe bronchiolitis and subsequent asthma.
Is Growing Oranges in Florida a Good Investment?
Authors: Trejo‐Pech Carlos J O , Spreen Thomas H , Zansler Marisa L
Published: December 2017

We provide a financial model to evaluate an orange grove investment in Florida, the producing region supplying around 90% of U.S. domestic production of orange juice. A representative orange grower planting early‐mid varieties for the processed market is featured in the case. The study assumes that an existing grove has become disease‐infested to a degree that there is little, if any economic value in maintaining it. The grower is left with the choice to replant the grove or to convert the land to other uses. The replanting baseline model yields a 9.7% Modified Internal Rate of Return (MIRR) and the Monte Carlo simulation shows that MIRR is equal or higher than the 7.5% hurdle rate around 81% times the model is simulated. The risk of managing an orange grove is higher than a decade ago mainly due to the presence of citrus greening, a disease that reduces yields and degrades fruit quality, causing variability in productivity and operating costs. Opportunities for growers include planting incentive programs implemented by both the government and major citrus processors and from policy changes such as the possibility of changes in depreciation of new investment for income tax purposes. Readers of this case study are expected to challenge the assumptions of the financial model and consider additional elements of risk and opportunities on their assessment of the potential orange grove investment.
Algorithmic identification of discrepancies between published ratios and their reported confidence intervals and P-values
Authors: Georgescu Constantin , Wren Jonathan D
Published: December 2017

Motivation

Studies, mostly from the operations/management literature, have shown that the rate of human error increases with task complexity. What is not known is how many errors make it into the published literature, given that they must slip by peer-review. By identifying paired, dependent values within text for reported calculations of varying complexity, we can identify discrepancies, quantify error rates and identify mitigating factors.

Results

We extracted statistical ratios from MEDLINE abstracts (hazard ratio, odds ratio, relative risk), their 95% CIs, and their P-values. We re-calculated the ratios and P-values using the reported CIs. For comparison, we also extracted percent–ratio pairs, one of the simplest calculation tasks. Over 486 000 published values were found and analyzed for discrepancies, allowing for rounding and significant figures. Per reported item, discrepancies were less frequent in percent–ratio calculations (2.7%) than in ratio–CI and P-value calculations (5.6–7.5%), and smaller discrepancies were more frequent than large ones. Systematic discrepancies (multiple incorrect calculations of the same type) were higher for more complex tasks (14.3%) than simple ones (6.7%). Discrepancy rates decreased with increasing journal impact factor (JIF) and increasing number of authors, but with diminishing returns and JIF accounting for most of the effect. Approximately 87% of the 81 937 extracted P-values were ≤ 0.05.

Conclusion

Using a simple, yet accurate, approach to identifying paired values within text, we offer the first quantitative evaluation of published error frequencies within these types of calculations.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Protein classification using modified n-grams and skip-grams
Authors: Islam S M Ashiqul , Heil Benjamin J , Kearney Christopher Michel , Baker Erich J
Published: December 2017

Motivation

Classification by supervised machine learning greatly facilitates the annotation of protein characteristics from their primary sequence. However, the feature generation step in this process requires detailed knowledge of attributes used to classify the proteins. Lack of this knowledge risks the selection of irrelevant features, resulting in a faulty model. In this study, we introduce a supervised protein classification method with a novel means of automating the work-intensive feature generation step via a Natural Language Processing (NLP)-dependent model, using a modified combination of n-grams and skip-grams (m-NGSG).

Results

A meta-comparison of cross-validation accuracy with twelve training datasets from nine different published studies demonstrates a consistent increase in accuracy of m-NGSG when compared to contemporary classification and feature generation models. We expect this model to accelerate the classification of proteins from primary sequence data and increase the accessibility of protein characteristic prediction to a broader range of scientists.

Availability and implementation

m-NGSG is freely available at Bitbucket: https://bitbucket.org/sm_islam/mngsg/src. A web server is available at watson.ecs.baylor.edu/ngsg.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
polyPK: an R package for pharmacokinetic analysis of multi-component drugs using a metabolomics approach
Authors: Li Mengci , Wang Shouli , Xie Guoxiang , Ma Xiaohui , Chen Tianlu , Jia Wei
Published: December 2017

Pharmacokinetics (PK) is a long-standing bottleneck for botanical drug and traditional medicine research. By using an integrated phytochemical and metabolomics approach coupled with multivariate statistical analysis, we propose a new strategy, Poly-PK, to simultaneously monitor the performance of drug constituents and endogenous metabolites, taking into account both the diversity of the drug’s chemical composition and its complex effects on the mammalian metabolic pathways. Poly-PK is independent of specific measurement platforms and has been successfully applied in the PK studies of Puerh tea, a traditional Chinese medicine Huangqi decoction and many other multi-component drugs. Here, we introduce an R package, polyPK, the first and only automation of the data analysis pipeline of Poly-PK strategy. polyPK provides 10 functions for data pre-processing, differential compound identification and grouping, traditional PK parameters calculation, multivariate statistical analysis, correlations, cluster analyses and resulting visualization. It may serve a wide range of users, including pharmacologists, biologists and doctors, in understanding the metabolic fate of multi-component drugs.

Availability and implementation

polyPK package is freely available from the R archive CRAN (https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=polyPK).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
A benchmark for comparing precision medicine methods in thyroid cancer diagnosis using tissue microarrays
Authors: Wang Ching-Wei , Lee Yu-Ching , Calista Evelyne , Zhou Fan , Zhu Hongtu , Suzuki Ryohei , Komura Daisuke , Ishikawa Shumpei , Cheng Shih-Ping
Published: December 2017

Motivation

The aim of precision medicine is to harness new knowledge and technology to optimize the timing and targeting of interventions for maximal therapeutic benefit. This study explores the possibility of building AI models without precise pixel-level annotation in prediction of the tumor size, extrathyroidal extension, lymph node metastasis, cancer stage and BRAF mutation in thyroid cancer diagnosis, providing the patients’ background information, histopathological and immunohistochemical tissue images.

Results

A novel framework for objective evaluation of automatic patient diagnosis algorithms has been established under the auspices of the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging 2017— A Grand Challenge for Tissue Microarray Analysis in Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis. Here, we present the datasets, methods and results of the challenge and lay down the principles for future uses of this benchmark. The main contributions of the challenge include the creation of the data repository of tissue microarrays; the creation of the clinical diagnosis classification data repository of thyroid cancer; and the definition of objective quantitative evaluation for comparison and ranking of the algorithms. With this benchmark, three automatic methods for predictions of the five clinical outcomes have been compared, and detailed quantitative evaluation results are presented in this paper. Based on the quantitative evaluation results, we believe automatic patient diagnosis is still a challenging and unsolved problem.

Availability and implementation

The datasets and the evaluation software will be made available to the research community, further encouraging future developments in this field. (http://www-o.ntust.edu.tw/cvmi/ISBI2017/).

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
On the Period Map for Polarized Hyperkähler Fourfolds
Authors: Debarre Olivier , Macrì Emanuele
Published: December 2017

We study smooth projective hyperkähler fourfolds that are deformations of Hilbert squares of K3 surfaces and are equipped with a polarization of fixed degree and divisibility. They are parametrized by a quasi-projective irreducible 20-dimensional moduli space and Verbitksy’s Torelli theorem implies that their period map is an open embedding. Our main result is that the complement of the image of the period map is a finite union of explicit Heegner divisors that we describe. We also prove that infinitely many Heegner divisors in a given period space have the property that their general points correspond to fourfolds which are isomorphic to Hilbert squares of a K3 surfaces, or to double EPW (Eisenbud–Popescu–Walter) sextics. In two appendices, we determine the groups of biregular or birational automorphisms of various projective hyperkähler fourfolds with Picard number 1 or 2.
Rbm10 regulates inflammation development via alternative splicing of Dnmt3b
Authors: Atsumi Toru , Suzuki Hironao , Jiang Jing-Jing , Okuyama Yuko , Nakagawa Ikuma , Ota Mitsutoshi , Tanaka Yuki , Ohki Takuto , Katsunuma Kokichi , Nakajima Koichi , Hasegawa Yoshinori , Ohara Osamu , Ogura Hideki , Arima Yasunobu , Kamimura Daisuke , Murakami Masaaki
Published: December 2017

RNA-binding motif 10 (Rbm10) is an RNA-binding protein that regulates alternative splicing, but its role in inflammation is not well defined. Here, we show that Rbm10 controls appropriate splicing of DNA (cytosine-5)-methyltransferase 3b (Dnmt3b), a DNA methyltransferase, to regulate the activity of NF-κB-responsive promoters and consequently inflammation development. Rbm10 deficiency suppressed NF-κB-mediated responses in vivo and in vitro. Mechanistic analysis showed that Rbm10 deficiency decreased promoter recruitment of NF-κB, with increased DNA methylation of the promoter regions in NF-κB-responsive genes. Consistently, Rbm10 deficiency increased the expression level of Dnmt3b2, which has enzyme activity, while it decreased the splicing isoform Dnmt3b3, which does not. These two isoforms associated with NF-κB efficiently, and overexpression of enzymatically active Dnmt3b2 suppressed the expression of NF-κB targets, indicating that Rbm10-mediated Dnmt3b2 regulation is important for the induction of NF-κB-mediated transcription. Therefore, Rbm10-dependent Dnmt3b regulation is a possible therapeutic target for various inflammatory diseases.
Clinical response to PD-1 blockade correlates with a sub-fraction of peripheral central memory CD4+ T cells in patients with malignant melanoma
Authors: Takeuchi Yoshiko , Tanemura Atsushi , Tada Yasuko , Katayama Ichiro , Kumanogoh Atsushi , Nishikawa Hiroyoshi
Published: December 2017

Cancer immunotherapy that blocks immune checkpoint molecules, such as PD-1/PD-L1, unleashes dysfunctional antitumor T-cell responses and has durable clinical benefits in various types of cancers. Yet its clinical efficacy is limited to a small proportion of patients, highlighting the need for identifying biomarkers that can predict the clinical response by exploring antitumor responses crucial for tumor regression. Here, we explored comprehensive immune-cell responses associated with clinical benefits using PBMCs from patients with malignant melanoma treated with anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody. Pre- and post-treatment samples were collected from two different cohorts (discovery set and validation set) and subjected to mass cytometry assays that measured the expression levels of 35 proteins. Screening by high dimensional clustering in the discovery set identified increases in three micro-clusters of CD4+ T cells, a subset of central memory CD4+ T cells harboring the CD27+FAS−CD45RA−CCR7+ phenotype, after treatment in long-term survivors, but not in non-responders. The same increase was also observed in clinical responders in the validation set. We propose that increases in this subset of central memory CD4+ T cells in peripheral blood can be potentially used as a predictor of clinical response to PD-1 blockade therapy in patients with malignant melanoma.
What Is the State of the Art in Preventing and Treating Substance Use Disorders among Emerging Adults?
Authors: Smith Douglas C. , Neighbors Clayton , Lembo Jordanna
Published: December 2017

This chapter reviews state-of-the-art substance use prevention and treatment models available for college-attending and non-college-attending emerging adults. Findings on the widely researched Brief Alcohol Screening and Intervention for College Students (BASICS) model are summarized, as well as those for community-level prevention efforts for college students. For non-college attending emerging adults, motivational interviewing, twelve step facilitation treatment, and cognitive-behavioral therapies have the most empirical support. Few studies are available on the use of primary care–based interventions for emerging adults, which are needed if integrated care is to be realized. There is also new evidence suggesting personalized feedback is less effective than other treatments for emerging adults in non-college settings. Finally, the chapter discusses the mixed findings on electronic interventions and provides recommendations for future research.
Substance Use Disorder Treatments
Authors: Windsor Liliane Cambraia , Smith Douglas C. , Bennett Kyle M. , Gibbons Frederick X.
Published: December 2017

Today’s emerging adults belong to one of the most diverse generations in the United States and show the highest rates of alcohol and illicit drug misuse, facing significant health risks. Thus it is critical to develop effective interventions to reduce alcohol and illicit substance misuse and its related harms among this diverse group. This chapter examines the current literature on the development and effectiveness of existing culturally relevant substance use disorder treatments and makes recommendations for future research and best practices. We argue that given their unique needs, the severity of their substance use, and the low rates of treatment engagement among this population, it is critical that treatment efforts focus on increasing effective treatment access to all emerging adults. We further encourage substance use disorder treatment researchers and practitioners to move beyond addressing culture-bound intervention targets focused on specific cultural groups. The chapter advocates for the development, testing, and adoption of interventions that are responsive to cultural contexts and that (1) target social determinants of health, (2) are equally effective with privileged and marginalized emerging adults, and (3) prepare therapists to effectively deliver interventions to diverse groups and demonstrate cultural competence.
Overview of the Program
Authors: Eddington Kari M. , Strauman Timothy J. , Vieth Angela Z. , Kolden Gregory G.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 1 provides clients with an overview of self-system therapy (SST), which is a structured, short-term, evidence-based treatment approach that targets motivational deficits in depression. Depression robs people of the ability to enjoy the pleasures of life. Because there can be a fine line between a normal sad mood and a diagnosis such as major depressive disorder, a qualified professional is needed to determine whether the symptoms cross that line and whether the client is likely to benefit from SST. The chapter defines the roles of the client and the therapist and explains how the workbook is used in the therapeutic process.
Orientation Phase Goal 2
Authors: Eddington Kari M. , Strauman Timothy J. , Vieth Angela Z. , Kolden Gregory G.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 3 explains how relationships with other people can affect the ways in which people think about goals. The second goal of the orientation phase of self-system therapy is to determine the source of the client’s particular style of self-regulation. Style in this context refers to the client’s tendency to focus on promotion goals (i.e., trying to make good things happen) or prevention goals (i.e. trying to keep bad things from happening). Each type of goal is connected to certain emotional experiences and is influenced by personal relationships. Worksheets are included to help clients explore how their relationships have affected their expectations and standards.
Adaptation Phase Goal 2
Authors: Eddington Kari M. , Strauman Timothy J. , Vieth Angela Z. , Kolden Gregory G.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 8, which addresses module the 2 goal of the adaptation phase of self-system therapy, takes a step-by-step approach to evaluating the extent to which certain personal goals are realistic and to identifying obstacles to progress in goal pursuit. The importance of balancing promotion- and prevention-type goals is emphasized. Two strategies can improve clients’ pursuit of goals: assessing how goals are set and pursued and looking at the tendency to focus on promotion or prevention goals. Adjustments can be made in how clients define goals and in the methods they use to pursue them. Clients can also work to balance their promotion and prevention goals to increase opportunities for positive emotional experiences. Worksheets are included to encourage effective goal pursuit and make sure that expectations are reasonable and achievable.
Is Self-System Therapy Right for Your Client?
Authors: Eddington Kari M. , Strauman Timothy J. , Vieth Angela Z. , Kolden Gregory G.
Published: December 2017

Self-system therapy (SST) is an appropriate treatment for clients with a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) or persistent depressive disorder, with symptom severity ranging from mild to severe using standardized measures. SST was developed for individuals with depression characterized by problematic self-regulation, but it can also be used for treating comorbidities such as anxiety. Clients should receive a thorough diagnostic evaluation and medical examination to rule out nonpsychological causes of mood disturbance. Diagnostic assessment also includes a determination of whether the client meets the criteria for MDD, identification of contraindicated comorbidities, and a comprehensive evaluation of the client’s current problems and strengths. Chapter 3 discusses the recommendations for determining whether a client can benefit from SST and includes guidelines for diagnostic assessment.
Termination and Relapse Prevention (Session 16)
Authors: Eddington Kari M. , Strauman Timothy J. , Vieth Angela Z. , Kolden Gregory G.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 8 addresses common issues associated with treatment termination and recommends strategies and tactics for addressing end-of-treatment issues, including relapse prevention and maintenance of longer-term change processes that were started during therapy. Short-term, structured therapies such as self-system therapy (SST) help clients develop the necessary skills to continue the work of therapy after termination. SST aims to reduce the symptoms of depression and comorbid anxiety through improved self-regulation. Because depressed clients often fail to recognize their progress or may attribute gains to external causes, the therapist should underscore clients’ central role in the progress that has been made and encourage them to acknowledge their efforts. Continued use of the described strategies and tactics can equip clients to pursue their goals, evaluate themselves in a realistic way, and get closer to being who they want to be.
How to Assess and Choose Computerized Cognitive Exercises
Authors: Medalia Alice , Herlands Tiffany , Saperstein Alice , Revheim Nadine
Published: December 2017

Computerized cognitive exercises are a central feature of the Neuropsychological Educational Approach to Remediation (NEAR), and therapists face challenging decisions when choosing activities. Therapists should have a theoretical and practical framework for evaluating the suitability of exercises for clients. Thirty years of clinical experience with thousands of patients has shown that there is no one package or product that works well for everyone. Fortunately, there are many products to choose from. Chapter 4 reviews the many factors for the therapist to consider to ensure that exercises are appropriate for the program, meet standard guidelines, and are tailored to the clients’ needs.
Intake and Assessment
Authors: Medalia Alice , Herlands Tiffany , Saperstein Alice , Revheim Nadine
Published: December 2017

The Neuropsychological Educational Approach to Remediation (NEAR) uses the intake and assessment process to evaluate cognitive skills and behaviors, to engage the client and formulate treatment strategies. As the first point of contact for the client coming to cognitive training in The Learning Center, the intake appointment provides an opportunity to engage the client in treatment by providing her with a positive first experience and identifying goals and motivation for cognitive training. The therapist gathers data during this appointment, including determining the client’s learning style, level of motivation, cognitive problems, personal interests, ability level, and recovery goals. This information provides the basis for an initial treatment plan and schedule of cognitive remediation sessions.
A Population Approach to Parenting Support for Childhood Obesity
Authors: Bartlett Jessica A. , Sanders Matthew R.
Published: December 2017

Childhood obesity rates are on the rise worldwide. Considering the significant health and economic costs associated with obesity, emphasis must be placed on addressing this public health dilemma from both preventive and treatment perspectives. Evidence-based parent-centered interventions are an effective way to target obesity in children. Parents play a central role in a child’s lifestyle habits. However, parental recruitment and engagement remains problematic. This challenge must be addressed from a population health framework if improvements in childhood obesity rates are to be achieved. This chapter provides a framework for the prevention and management of childhood obesity from a public health perspective. The need for a population approach to evidence-based parenting programs is advocated to shift population-level rates of obesity. The existing research base for such an approach is discussed, along with future directions for clinical practice and research.
Working Effectively with Indigenous Families
Authors: Turner Karen M. T. , Hodge Lauren M. , Forster Michell , McIlduff Cari D.
Published: December 2017

An awareness of the complex social and political context for parenting in Indigenous cultures is important to the success of parenting interventions. This chapter shares experiences of successful program adoption, implementation, and sustainment that stem from working in partnership with an Indigenous organization, peak body, or ideally an entire community. A model of engaging communities collaboratively is discussed that encompasses the many aspects of engagement and sustainment in an implementation initiative. It takes a holistic partnership approach that involves recognition of community dynamics and capacity, establishing trust and relationship building, empowerment, and mutual respect, as well as addressing specific enablers and barriers to program implementation. This approach involves engaging with local community advisers to develop culturally accommodated training and posttraining support for practitioners, and culturally accommodated program delivery to families.
Accommodating Race and Ethnicity in Parenting Interventions
Authors: Haslam Divna M. , Mejia Anilena
Published: December 2017

The parenting experience can be both similar and vastly different across different cultural contexts. This chapter outlines what culture is and the impact it has on family structure and functioning and beliefs about parenting. Discussed are the similarities and differences across common cultural dimensions and how knowledge of local cultural beliefs and values is critical in ensuring the successful implementation of parenting interventions is detailed. The importance of adapting evidence-based programs in a culturally appropriate way and of flexibly delivering interventions to fit a range of contexts without compromising program efficacy are addressed. Practical examples of low-risk adaptations are provided. Finally, the existing evidence of a range of Triple P program variants and a range of cultural contexts with a specific focus on low-resource settings are reviewed and practical are provided. The chapter concludes with a discussion about the implications and future directions research could take.
The Role of Values and Religious Beliefs in Positive Parenting
Authors: El-Khani Aala , Calam Rachel
Published: December 2017

Religion may often play a significant role in the parenting goals, style, and practices of parents and can be fundamental to shaping family functioning. Religion is a potential resource for parents and can help parents cope better when facing challenging circumstances, such as times of war, and in contexts of adverse circumstances, including displacement and poverty, and also in caring for a disabled child. Taking steps to understand a family’s religious inclinations and how these interact with their parenting practices is a crucial first step in bridging religious motivations and positive parenting approaches. This chapter explores practical ways that families’ religious beliefs can be encompassed into the delivery of evidence-based parenting programs to increase engagement and acceptability and better inform development and delivery.
The Current State of Evidence-Based Parenting Support Programs
Authors: Sanders Matthew R.
Published: December 2017

Evidence-based parenting support programs have achieved a great deal, and strong policy support has developed in many jurisdictions. This support is based on outcome evidence and economic arguments relating to the costs of not intervening. At the same time, there is by no means universal support for the implementation of population-based parenting programs. Challenges remain to shift public opinions and perceptions about the importance of parenting programs and to counter myths and misinformation about how universal programs can be used. It is sometimes ignored that programs such as Triple P involve blending of universal and targeted programs that are highly cost-effective and successful in reaching and engaging vulnerable families. The research focus must turn to ensuring parenting programs that are effectively applied to promote child, family, and community well-being not just to avert clinical cases of problematic children and young people.
C Skill: Consider How I Feel
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 2 of the Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children: Workbook (UP-C) presents the different emotions and teaches that emotions are normal, natural, and harmless. The “Emotion Thermometer” is first introduced, as a tool to indicate the strength of an emotion. Children learn more about the three parts of an emotion as well as how the parts of emotions work together to sometimes lead to less helpful actions. The chapter ends with discussing rewards for new behaviors.
C Skill: Consider How I Feel
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 4 of the Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children: Workbook (UP-C) introduces the concept of “body clues” (physiological sensations) and when they happen. Child clients are taught body scanning and begin to use it to help identify their own body clues, including practicing experiencing body clues without using avoidance or distraction.
L Skill: Look At My Thoughts
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 5 of the Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children: Workbook (UP-C) teaches what it means to be a flexible thinker. Child clients learn to recognize common “thinking traps” such as jumping to conclusions, mind reading, thinking the worst, and ignoring the positive.
E Skill: Experience My Emotions
Authors: Ehrenreich-May Jill , Kennedy Sarah M. , Sherman Jamie A. , Bilek Emily L. , Barlow David H.
Published: December 2017

Chapter 9 of the Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Children: Workbook (UP-C) introduces emotion exposure. The children review Emotion Detective skills learned to date in the UP-C, including the concepts of emotional behaviors and “acting opposite,” in preparation for a new type of science experiment called “exposure.” In session, the child clients complete a demonstration of an exposure using a toy or other object. The session ends with the therapist working together with children and parents to finalize Emotional Behavior forms.