bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnóstico e sugestão para adequação de instalações elétricas visando a segurança de edificações em comunidades carentes
Authors: Hara Marcos Santos , Tefili Diego , Pês Beatriz dos Santos , Lima Sarah Gabriela Gorski de , Santos Mariângela
Published: June 2024

Este projeto propõe a realização de diagnóstico e sugestão para adequação de instalações elétricas visando a segurança de edificações em comunidades carentes, onde comumente são encontradas situações que não estão adequadas às normas técnicas e oferecem risco à população. O objetivo geral da ação é a conscientização das pessoas sobre os riscos a que estão expostas e a sugestão de medidas de adequação para reduzi-los, utilizando conhecimentos técnicos específicos da área de instalações elétricas. A proposta conta com o apoio da Secretaria do Meio Ambiente da Prefeitura Municipal de Campo Largo, que já possui um projeto multi-institucional intitulado “Sustentabilidade Socioambiental: fortalecendo os elos da reciclagem”. A ação de extensão será realizada com apoio da prefeitura e na mesma comunidade de catadores já atendidos desde 2011, facilitando o acesso da equipe executora tanto nos barracões como nas residências atingidas pelo projeto social. A proposta prevê diferentes fases de execução, a saber: palestra de conscientização sobre os riscos decorrentes de instalações elétricas inadequadas, seleção de edificações para realização de diagnóstico, sugestão de adequação através da apresentação de projeto elétrico acompanhado de instrução sobre as alterações sugeridas e discussão dos casos desenvolvidos dentro de sala de aula. Prevê-se o diagnóstico e sugestão de adequação em um barracão e cinco residências da comunidade beneficiada pelo projeto. O diagnóstico da instalação elétrica das edificações selecionadas será feito através do levantamento da situação “as built” por estudantes, sob a supervisão dos professores coordenadores. Posteriormente, os estudantes apontarão aspectos relativos à instalação elétrica que oferecem risco e produzirão um projeto prevendo as adequações sugeridas para cada edificação. Na entrega da proposta de adequação, haverá a apresentação dos riscos identificados e das adequações sugeridas. A proposta prevê também que os casos de edificações avaliadas durante o desenvolvimento do projeto sejam apresentados pelos estudantes participantes e discutidos na forma de seminários em suas respectivas turmas, destacando as dificuldades e as soluções apresentadas. Através das ações acima expostas vê-se que a presente proposta apresenta uma oportunidade de educação ao cidadão em situação de vulnerabilidade social e sem acesso à informação. Este processo se dará através da interação dele com alunos e professores do IFPR, que por sua vez exercitarão os conhecimentos trabalhados no curso técnico em situações reais da comunidade ao entorno do instituto, oferecendo, assim, uma oportunidade de melhoria no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e ao mesmo tempo suprindo necessidades evidentes da comunidade.
Menadione Sodium Bisulfite Loaded Rhamnolipid Based Solid Lipid Nanoparticle as Skin Lightener Formulation: A Green Production Beside In Vitro/In Vivo Safety Index Evaluation
Authors: Asadpour Panbehchouleh Fatemeh , Amani Hossein , Saeedi Majid
Published: June 2024

Purpose: In the current investigation, an ultrasonic approach was performed to produce menadione sodium bisulfite-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (MSB-SLNs) with rhamnolipid as bio-surfactant, which aimed to increase the dermal delivery and anti-pigmentation effect. Methods: To achieve optimum delivery for MSB, the impact of the ratio of two surfactants (rhamnolipid: Tween) on nanoparticle attributes and the respective functions were evaluated. In vitro diffusion process, in vitro cytotoxicity assay, determination of melanin content of melanoma cells, L-DOPA auto-oxidation inhibitory test, and skin irritation studies carried out to investigate the suitability of MSB formulation in dermal application. Results: The optimized nanoparticles showed an average particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), and drug entrapment efficiency of 117.26±1.12 nm, -6.28±0.33 mV, 0.262±0.002, 83.34±0.75% respectively in hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) of 12. The in vitro diffusion process demonstrated that MSB-SLN gel had a prolonged release pattern. The levels of MSB in the cutaneous layers (52.192±2.730% or 961.59±50.313 μg/cm2 ) and the receiver compartment (23.721±1.803 % or 437.049± 33.236 μg/cm2 ) for the MSB-SLN gel was higher than MSB simple and showed no cutaneous irritancy and toxicity in rats. MSB-SLN inhibited melanin formation and was remarkably higher than free MSB. MSB-SLN inhibited L-3,4- dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA) auto-oxidation to a greater extent (95.14±1.46%) than MSB solution (72.28±0.83%). Conclusion: This study’s observations revealed that the produced MSB-SLN might be used as a potential nano-vehicle for MSB dermal administration, thereby opening up innovative options for the management of hyper-melanogenesis problems.
NLC Delivery of EGFP Plasmid to TM4 Cell Nuclei for Targeted Gene Therapy
Authors: Jummah Nurul , Satrialdi Satrialdi , Artarini Aluicia Anita , Anindyajati Anindyajati , Mudhakir Diky
Published: June 2024

Purpose: This study evaluated whether a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) delivery system could safely and accurately deliver nucleic acids to the cell nucleus using the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-C1 plasmid model. Methods: The NLC was formulated using the emulsification method and equipped for cationic lipid-mediated transfection with 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane (DOTAP), which interacts electrostatically with nucleic acid. The NLC attributes, including size, polydispersity index, and zeta potential, were assessed by dynamic light scattering (DLS). The morphological structure was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Entrapment efficiency was evaluated by a direct method. Cellular uptake mechanisms of pEGFP-C1-NLC and the ability of pEGFP-C1 to penetrate the nucleus of TM4 cells to express EGFP were observed using confocal microscopy. Results: pEGFP-C1-NLC exhibited particle sizes in the range 56-88 nm with a particle charge range of -6.0 to+1.3 mV. The polydispersity index<0.5 showed good size uniformity, and entrapment efficiency of pEGFP-C1in the NLC was 92.06±2.295%. The NLC formulation was internalized predominantly via caveolae-mediated endocytosis, as indicated by EGFP expression following successful delivery of pEGFP by the NLC into the cells. Conclusion: NLC formulation could deliver genetic material to the nucleus and could be considered a gene therapy candidate for spermatogenesis.
The Effect of Statin Therapy on Bone Metabolism Markers and Mineral Density: Aa GRADE-Assessed Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Arabi Seyyed Mostafa , Chambari Mahla , Bahrami Leila Sadat , Jafari Ali , Bahari Hossein , Reiner Željko , Sahebkar Amirhossein
Published: June 2024

Purpose: Statin therapy is widely used for the management of dyslipidemia and the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). However, there is a growing concern about its potential effects on bone metabolism markers and mineral density. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the effect of statin therapy on these parameters. Methods: PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Clarivate Analytics Web of Science databases were searched from inception to August 2023, using MESH terms and keywords. Results: After screening 2450 articles, 16 studies that met the inclusion criteria were included, of which 12 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were used for meta-analysis. The findings showed that statin therapy significantly reduced bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (B-ALP) levels (WMD=-1.1 U/L; 95% CI -2.2 to -0.07; P=0.03; I2=0%,), and bone mineral density (BMD) at different sites (WMD=-0.06 g/cm2 ; 95% CI -0.08 to -0.04; P<0.001; I2=97.7%, P<0.001). However, this treatment did not have a significant effect on osteocalcin, serum C-terminal peptide of type I collagen (S-CTx), serum N-telopeptides of type I collagen (NTx) concentration, or overall fracture risk. Conclusion: This systematic review and meta-analysis provide evidence that statin therapy is associated with a significant reduction in B-ALP levels and BMD at different sites of the skeleton. Further studies are needed to investigate the long-term effects of statin therapy on bone health and to identify the potential underlying mechanisms.
University rankings: Time to reconsider
Authors: Moustafa Khaled
Published: June 2024

University rankings offer some benefits but also come with significant drawbacks. While they can encourage healthy competition, they often lead to unethical practices and prioritize short- term gains over long-term educational purposes. Relying on biased metrics like citations and journal impact factors is a major flaw, potentially misrepresenting the true value of scholarly work. The foremost focus of universities should be on educating proficient students, advancing dependable knowledge, and addressing societal needs. Annual rankings based on one year's criteria and output prove impractical, as research outcomes and educational impact require more time to materialize. It is crucial to consider abandoning or reevaluating ranking systems to prevent biased, financially-driven approaches from causing harm. An internal assessment, gauging satisfaction levels within the university community and the quality of education provided, could offer a more effective approach to ranking universities. Acknowledging the negative impact of journal rankings took decades. It is imperative to avoid subjecting educational systems to similarly detrimental effects from university rankings. The most effective method for ranking universities is through an internal system that takes into account the satisfaction levels of university community members regarding their work conditions and overall institution, as well as whether students are acquiring the education and skills they seek.
CRISPR-based gene editing in plants: Focus on reagents and their delivery tools
Authors: Ebrahimi Vida , Hashemi Atieh
Published: June 2024

Introduction: CRISPR-Cas9 technology has revolutionized plant genome editing, providing precise and efficient methods for genetic modification. This study focuses on the advancements and delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 in plant gene editing. Methods: A comprehensive search in scientific databases, including PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, was conducted to gather information on CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and its delivery in precise gene modification in plants. Results: The evolving landscape of CRISPR nucleases has led to the development of innovative technologies, enhancing plant research. However, successful editing is contingent on efficient delivery of genome engineering reagents. CRISPR-based gene editing in plants utilizes diverse delivery methods: Agrobacterium-mediated transformation for bacterial transfer, biolistic transformation for physical gene insertion, electroporation for direct gene entry, expression of developmental regulators for gene expression modulation, and tobacco rattle virus as a viral vector, each offering distinct advantages for precise and efficient genetic modification in plants. Conclusion: CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing stands as a pivotal advancement in plant genetics, offering precise gene manipulation with applications in agriculture and biotechnology. The continuous refinement of reagent delivery tools reinforces CRISPR-Cas9's transformative role in plant genome editing, with significant implications for broader scientific applications.
Effect of microRNA-141-3p, E2F3, CDK3, and KAT2B overexpression on histologic tumor grade and metastasis status in untreated breast cancer tissues
Authors: Ebrahimian Vargahan Sepideh , Barati Mahmood , Roudbari Masoud , Eini Maryam , Hosseini Arshad
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Increasing evidence has reported gene expression alterations in breast cancer (BC) tissues, necessitating their investigating to highlight the molecular basis of the disease development or progression. This study investigated the expression of miR-141, E2F3, CDK3, TP53, and KAT2B, and their association with histologic grade and metastasis in BC tissues. Methods: The RNA expression level of miR-141, E2F3, CDK3, TP53, and KAT2B genes was analyzed in 23 BC and 23 normal tissue samples by RT-qPCR. The associations of the expression level of these genes with clinicopathological features of the BC tissue samples were evaluated. The study also explored the correlation between RNA levels of genes and miR-141. Results: Expression of miR-141, E2F3, CDK3, and KAT2B demonstrated significantly higher levels in BC tumor than normal tissues. TP53 expression showed an increase in tumor compared to normal tissues, although it was insignificant. Moreover, increased RNA expression of miR-141, E2F3, CDK3, and KAT2B corresponded to the advanced stage and regional metastasis of BC. Additionally, the results demonstrated a significant correlation between RNA expression levels of miR-141 with CDK3 and E2F3 with KAT2B. Conclusion: Our findings highlighted clinicopathologic indicators that were relevant to aggressive BC. Besides, Correlations between overexpression of miR-141, E2F3, CDK3, and KAT2B in BC tissues suggest regulatory effects. Taken together, it seems results of this study could provide evidence that dysregulation of gene expression contributes significantly to unveiling the underlying molecular basis of BC.
Intraocular drug delivery systems for Diabetic retinopathy: Current and future prospective
Authors: Taheri Sayed Latif , Poorirani Safoora , Mostafavi Sayed Abolfazl
Published: June 2024

In pharmaceutical research and development, novel drug delivery systems represent a significant advancement aimed at enhancing the efficacy of therapeutic agents through innovative delivery mechanisms. The primary objective of these systems is to transport therapeutic compounds to specific target sites, such as tumors and afflicted tissues, with the dual purpose of mitigating side effects and toxicity associated with the drugs while concurrently augmenting therapeutic effectiveness. Numerous innovative drug delivery strategies have been scrutinized for their applicability in the context of targeted ocular drug delivery. Diverse novel carriers, including but not limited to implants, hydrogels, metal nanoparticles, Nano-liposomes, micelles, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), emulsions, and biodegradable nanoparticles, have been harnessed to facilitate the controlled release of pharmaceutical agents to the retina and vitreous. These carriers offer distinct advantages, such as enhanced intraocular drug delivery, precise control over drug release kinetics, heightened stability, and superior entrapment efficiency. This comprehensive review seeks to elucidate the current strides made in the realm of carriers and their contemporary applications in treating diabetic retinopathy (DR). Furthermore, it underscores these carriers' pivotal role in achieving efficacious intraocular drug delivery. Additionally, this article explores the various administration routes, potential future advancements, and the multifaceted challenges confronting the domain of novel carriers in treating DR. In conclusion, novel formulations are introduced to surmount the challenges associated with intraocular drug delivery.
SBFI-26 enhances apoptosis in docetaxel-treated triple-negative breast cancer cells by increasing ROS levels
Authors: He Gang , Liu Mei , Chen Tang cong , Huang Li fen , Ke You qiang
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Fatty acid binding protein 5 (FABP5) exhibits heightened expression levels in triple-negative breast cancer. The inhibitor of FABP5, Stony Brook fatty acid‐binding protein inhibitor 26 (SBFI-26), has demonstrated the capacity to suppress cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. This study delves into the functional mechanism and impact of combining SBFI-26 with docetaxel in treating MDA-MB-231 cells of triple-negative breast cancer. Methods: Various concentrations of docetaxel and SBFI-26 were chosen for individual or combined treatments. The effects of SBFI-26, docetaxel, or their combination on cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were assessed using flow cytometry. Western blotting was utilised to detect the expression of apoptosis-related proteins, namely cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteases 3 (Caspase3), B cell leukemia/lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2 associated X (Bax), while intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were determined using a fluorescence spectrophotometer. Results: The IC50 values for SBFI-26 and docetaxel in inhibiting MDA-MB-231 cells were determined to be 106.1 μM and 86.14 nM, respectively. Significantly, the combination treatment augmented the proportion of G1 phase (apoptotic) cells by 3.67-fold compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, the apoptosis rate in the combination group was 2.59-fold higher than that in the docetaxel group (P < 0.0001) and demonstrated a significant increase of 1.82-fold compared with the SBFI-26 group (P < 0.001). Analyses revealed a decrease in the protein expression of Bcl-2, while Bax and Caspase3 exhibited an increase in the combination group for MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, the combined treatment group demonstrated a 2.97-fold increase (P < 0.0001) in ROS fluorescence intensity compared to the control group, a noteworthy 1.39-fold increase (P < 0.01) compared to the SBFI-26 treatment group, and a substantial 1.70-fold increase (P < 0.0001) compared to the docetaxel treatment group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the co-administration of SBFI-26 with docetaxel effectively enhances apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells by elevating intracellular ROS levels.
Presenting a Personal Knowledge Management Model of Self-Care and Experience in Individuals with Bipolar Disorder and Families: A Study Protocol
Authors: Banifatemeh Leila , Hariri Nadjla , Farahbakhsh Mostafa
Published: June 2024

Background. Bipolar disorder is a chronic condition that necessitates lifelong medication, therapeutic interventions, and self-care. People with bipolar disorder and their families may have varied experiences regarding sleep management, stress, interpersonal relationships, and anger, which are frequently overlooked. In the current study, the knowledge acquired by patients with bipolar disorder and their families was evaluated. Then, an appropriate model for managing self-care knowledge among individuals with bipolar disorder was proposed. Methods. The current mixed-methods study was conducted in four stages. The first stage involved a systematic review and meta-synthesis study in the field of knowledge management in the healthcare system. The second stage involved assessing the self-care experiences of patients with bipolar disorder. In the third stage, the codes obtained from the previous stages were prioritized by experts using Delphi techniques. In the fourth stage, a researcher prepared, validated, and distributed a questionnaire among mental health service providers stages. Finally, the personal knowledge management model of self-care and experience in individuals with bipolar disorder and their families was presented. Conclusion. Almost half of patients with bipolar disorder do not adhere to their long-term treatment. Also, this disease requires patients to perform self-care activities in addition to drug therapy. So, the design and implementation of a knowledge management model for self-care and experience in people with bipolar disorder can be effective in improving their self-care behaviors and quality of life.
Features of the calculation of the cross-correlation function in determining the disparity in a stereo vision system
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Gareev V. M. , Gareev M. V. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Kondrat'eva S. I. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Kornyshev N. P. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Rodionov D. I. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Serebriakov D. A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Karachinov V. A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: June 2024

This article considers the methods of calculating the cross-correlation function in determining the disparity from the images of a stereo pair formed by a stereo vision system. When determining the disparity, it is necessary to find a point on the second image of the stereo pair at a given point of the first image, which can be done by finding the maximum of the cross-correlation function. The possibility of reducing the amount of calculations in the time domain when using a non-positional calculus system, also called a residue number system, is considered. As a result of modeling based on a system of positional calculus and a residue number system using similar-shaped functions shifted along the X axis relative to each other, as well as using real stereo images, the coincidence of the main maxima of the cross-correlation function is shown with a significant reduction in the amount of calculations.
Two-channel hyperspectral system
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Gareev V. M. , Gareev M. V. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Kornyshev N. P. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Serebriakov D. A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Karachinov V. A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Gavrushko V. V. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Bystrov N. E. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the construction of television hyperspectral imaging systems. Examples of practical use of multi-scale images are given. A combined hyperspectral system with two channels is considered: the first one performed on the basis of the Fabry-Perot interferometer is for small-scale observation, and the second one performed on the basis of a prism is for large-scale observation. The principles of constructing channels of a combined hyperspectral system based on scanning by spatial and spectral coordinates are considered. A variant of constructing a multi-angle (multi-slit) hyperspectral system for the prism variant based on the principle of scanning by spatial coordinate is proposed. The possibility of implementing a multi-angle channel using a megapixel photodetector with increased sensitivity is analyzed. The initial and calculated data are given. Structural electrical and optical circuits are considered, and resulting technical characteristics are analyzed.
Modern video spectral comparators for investigation of documentary and handwritten monuments
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Gareev V. M. , Gareev M. V. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Kornyshev N. P. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Serebriakov D. A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Karachinov V. A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Gavrushko V. V. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Bystrov N. E. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to an analytical review of the state and prospects of development of video spectral comparators intended for technical studies of documents. This equipment belongs to the spectrosonal television systems that allow obtaining images in various parts of the visible and near-infrared spectrum. Currently, television spectrosonal visualization is one of the methods of systematic study of documents and handwritten book monuments. The development of spectrosonal imaging is initially associated with photographic research methods. Television and optoelectronic devices made it possible to switch to a fundamentally new hardware base due to a number of advantages: contrast and spectral sensitivity, efficiency of image control and processing. Video spectral comparators are an example of such equipment which completely solves the main tasks related to technical examination of documents.
Symmetric 2-adic complexity of Hall generalized cyclotomic sequences
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Edemskiy V. A. , Gavrushko V. V. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Petrov V. M. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: June 2024

We study the symmetric 2-adic complexity of Hall generalized cyclotomic sequences whose period is equal to the power of a prime. Sequences are defined based on generalized cyclotomic classes. It is shown that the considered sequences have high symmetric 2-adic complexity. The research method uses generalized Gaussian periods.
On some rigorous results in condensed matter theory
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Zakharov A. Yu. , Zakharov M. A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: June 2024

The work contains a critical analysis of the methods and results currently used and applied in the theory of condensed matter. A unified mathematical apparatus has been developed - the method of functional integration which is equally applicable to all main distributions of statistical physics: microcanonical, canonical, and grand canonical ensembles. Within the framework of this method, an exact factorization of the configuration integral with respect to atomic coordinates was performed and a connection between the microcanonical and canonical ensembles was established. It is shown that interatomic interactions can be eliminated by renormalizing external random fields, and random external fields can be eliminated by renormalizing interatomic potentials. A new formulation of problems of equilibrium statistical mechanics as a dynamic field theory with a Hamiltonian depending on temperature is proposed.
Influence of interlayer mechanical coupling in multiferroic on multicaloric effect
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Petrov V. M. , Karachinov V. A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Gavrushko V. V. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: June 2024

The influence of uniaxial compression on the electrocaloric effect in a barium titanate-based bilayer was studied using the Landau-Ginzburg thermodynamic approach. Barium titanate was used as a model material. It was shown that the electrocaloric effect can be controlled by uniaxial compression. Application of compressive stress is an effective approach to enhance the electrocaloric effect in ferroelectric ceramics. The compressive stress in the considered magnetostrictive-ferroelectric bilayer is a result of mechanical coupling between ferroelectric and magnetostrictive phases.
Investigation of electric osmosis for heat pipes
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Petrov R. V. , Kiliba Yu. V. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Zakharov M. A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Eminov S. I. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the problem of the electroosmosis application in porous and capillary systems of heat pipes intended for use in cooling systems of radio equipment. The use of electroosmosis in heat pipes will reduce the gravitational dependence of thermal resistance of a heat pipe and will allow you to control its performance. The article presents the results of the practical implementation of electroosmotic pumps used in cooling systems. In conclusion, the prospects of using electroosmosis in heat pipes are considered.
Development of software for a radar with a virtual antenna array on the Digilent Zedboard platform
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Shakhov D. V. , Zhukova I. N. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Bystrov N. E. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: June 2024

MIMO technology allows you to create virtual antenna arrays, significantly reducing the number of receiving and transmitting channels compared to classical phased antenna arrays (PAA). At the same time, the characteristics of the antenna system (width of the radiation pattern, gain factor) and, as a result, the characteristics of the radar (angular resolution, detection range) are preserved. Reducing the number of receiving and transmitting channels leads to a significant reduction in the cost of the radar as a whole. The article describes the process of developing a mathematical model and signal processing software based on the Digilent Zedboard platform. The results of modeling and testing of the hardware and software implementation of the processing algorithm are presented. The degree of loading of the Xilinx Zynq XC7Z020 crystal standing on the Digilent Zedboard platform is estimated.
Theory of integral equations of diffraction on an open cylindrical surface
Authors:   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Eminov S. I. , Sochilin A. V. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Zakharov M. A. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University, Petrov R. V. ,   Yaroslav-the-Wise Novgorod State University
Published: June 2024

A new, mathematically efficient method for solving the vector equation of diffraction on an open cylindrical surface is proposed. The method is based on the allocation of the main operator, the definition of functional spaces and the reduction of the operator equation to the Fredholm equation of the second kind. Sobolev spaces are used as ones that take into account the Meixner condition on the edge. In the selected spaces, the main operator is bounded and invertible; the inverse operator is also bounded. A projection method for solving operator equations has been developed.
An Investigation Of Postmodern Influences In Advertising
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Leahy Rose
Published: June 2024

"This study investigates the influences of postmodernism in advertising. The postmodern culture is characterised by irony, paradox, playfulness and anarchy. Consequently advertisements that are influenced by postmodernism embrace the unusual, the unconventional, the abstract and the ambiguous. This thesis set out to determine if there is a consensus among advertisers as to the meaning of postmodernism, to identify the reasons for the evolution of postmodern advertising and to assess its effectiveness and future potential. Indications of the impact of postmodern advertising can be derived through qualitative methods, but quantitative methods can also be employed. Primary research was undertaken in the form of interviews and questionnaires. Twelve experts were interviewed and their ideas on postmodernism were explored and investigated. 150 questionnaires were sent to advertising practitioners and academics throughout the country, and advertisements of various companies were observed. The research concludes that there exists no one definition of postmodernism and consequently postmodern advertising. However, there is a recognition of a definite move towards the more unusual in advertising, where indirect, unconventional, unusual and ironic means are used to transmit a message. This form of advertising is more appropriate when targeting professionals and young people and is more suited to luxury products, cosmetics, fashion and cigarettes. Postmodern advertising is also more suited to strongly branded products where building or sustaining a brand image is vital. The reasons why postmodern advertising evolved are many, and include the absence of a single, dominant fashion trend and the need for a Unique Selling Personality. The effectiveness of postmodern advertising can be measured using qualitative methods, but its true effectiveness has yet to be determined. The future of postmodern advertising is uncertain. The internet and digital television is likely to affect its use, but they will not usurp the role of traditional media provided that the advertisements continue to entertain, challenge, amuse and embrace the postmodern characteristics where appropriate."
Development Of Non-contact Scanning Force Microscopy For Imaging In Liquid Environments
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Grant Anthony
Published: June 2024

The aim of this work was to develop a non-contact mode scanning force microscope (SFM) for application to biological samples within liquid environments. Given that biological samples are particularly soft in their natural state and that a liquid is the most difficult operating environment for non-contact mode scanning force microscopy, the development of an instrument that is optimised to image biological samples in vitro presents significant challenges. Firstly, the SFM tip to sample interaction has to be minimised either, in the worst case, to prevent the sample from being detached from its support or to maximise spatial resolution by minimising sample distortion. Given such concerns, it is not surprising that in vitro SFM imaging is carried out, more often than not, using non- contact mode, rather than by using contact mode with very soft cantilevers. Secondly, the classic method used to oscillate the cantilever for non-contact SFM, i.e. piezoelectric actuation using either the SFM scanner or a specific piezoelectric dither transducer, is not ideal for liquid applications. Piezoelectric actuation generates multiple peaks in the frequency spectrum, often referred to as a “forest of peaks”, that arise from resonances in the liquid cell and elsewhere in the instrument, making it difficult to locate the cantilever resonance. Furthermore, viscous damping of the oscillating cantilever by the liquid degrades the quality factor of the cantilever and thus its sensitivity. A prototype scanning force microscope, capable of operation in contact and non- contact modes in air or liquid, was designed and constructed as a development platform. By using a modular approach to the hardware, electronics and software,modifications could be made to the prototype without serious consequences. Alternative methods of cantilever excitation were investigated and magnetic excitation was found to provide a single cantilever resonance. Furthermore, implementing active-Q control boosted the effective quality factor of the cantilever, thereby returning its sensitivity in liquid to a level comparable to that obtained in air. Incorporating magnetic excitation and active-Q control of the cantilever enabled the performance of the prototype microscope to be optimised for imaging biological samples in liquid. Samples of immobilised red blood cells, nanogold conjugates and three different antibodies were successfully imaged in water by the prototype. The performance of the prototype was validated by imaging monolayers of immobilised antibodies in liquid and achieving image qualities comparable to those achieved in air for such samples. Images of such quality were not possible without incorporating magnetic excitation and active-Q control within the prototype.
Development Of An Interactive Multimedia Research Information System For The Archival Of The Music And Culture Of The Sliabh Luachra Area
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, O'Neill Martina
Published: June 2024

We are living in a world where communication is introducing much multiculturalism into society. Irish music is being mixed with music from all different cultures creating a worldwide acceptable type of "Irish Music\ As a result we are losing our true culture which is rooted in the Irish music and dance. This primary focus of this project was to set up an archival system to store the music of the Sliabh Luachra area. The music of the Sliabh Luachra area is a rich and rare heritage and was influenced greatly by the music of Padraig O’Keeffe, a renowned fiddle master from that area. O’Keeffe’s music and life is looked at, and his music tablatures are examined and converted to standard notation. The projects follows on to examine the different methods used to store images, text, video, and sound, all which are elements of multimedia. MIDI (Musicial Instrument Digital Interface) is examined and assessed on its ability to create sound samples of the music of Sliabh Luachra. Finally, Web development software is used as the User Interface for the archive due to the greater move by society to information dissemination over the Web environment.
Assessment Of Prothrombotic Tendency In Humans Using Functional And Genomic Determinants
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Sullivan Pádraig
Published: June 2024

"Thrombophilia describes the familial or acquired disorders of the haemostatic mechanism that are likely to predispose to thrombosis. Venous thrombosis and its associated complications account for a significant number of hospital admissions and deaths annually having a significant health-economic impact on the heath-care industry globally. Mutations in genes that code for proteins involved directly (or indirectly) in blood coagulation have been associated with prothrombotic states. The majority of inherited genetic defects were attributed to polymorphisms in Antithrombin III, Protein C, and Protein S genes until 1994. Together these accounted for only 5-10% of individuals with thrombosis. Subsequently the Factor V Leiden allele (that results in activated protein C resistance) and the Prothrombin G20210A allele (that leads to increased levels of prothrombin in blood) have been shown to be prevalent in 45% and 18% of patients, respectively, with a history of venous thrombosis. More recently, a G->T transversion in the blood coagulation Factor XIII A-subunit (FXIII VaI34Leu), that interferes with fibrin cross-linking, and a C -> T transition in the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase gene (MTHFR C677T) have been implicated as risk factors for thrombosis. The potential for thrombosis is greatly enhanced in individuals with acquired risk factors such as increased age, malignancy, prolonged immobility and surgical trauma. A Test group comprised of 68 subjects suspected with cancer and a randomised age- and sex-matched Control group of 68 subjects (attending the same hospital) with no history of thrombotic or cancer-related disease were assessed in this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), site-directed mutagenesis (SDM)-PCR, and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis were used to determine Factor V Leiden, Protein C, Antithrombin III, and MTHFR C677T genotypes. Single Stranded Conformational Polymorphism (SSCP) analysis and DNA sequencing detected and confirmed the presence of the Factor XIII VaI34Leu allele. Genotypes for subjects in the Test group were compared with the ‘real-time’ coagulation characteristics of their respective blood samples as determined using Thromboelastography (TEG). "
An Assessment Of Prothrombotic Tendency In Humans Using Functional And Genomic Determinants In The South Eastern Irish Population
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, Cullen Carmel
Published: June 2024

"Venous thrombosis occurs in about 1 per 1,000 individuals per year. It is a serious disorder and accounts for a significant number of hospital admissions and deaths annually. Thrombophilia describes the familial or acquired disorders of the haemostatic mechanism that predispose to thrombosis. Inherited thrombophilia can be defined as a genetically determined tendency to venous thromboembolism Mutations in genes that code for proteins involved directly (or indirectly) In blood coagulation have been associated with prothrombotic status. Laboratory investigations for thrombophilia include screening for deficiencies of antithrombin, protein C or protein S and testing for activated protein C resistance. Together these account for only 5-10% of individuals with thrombosis. The factor V Ledien allele and the prothrombin G20210A allele have been shown to be prevalent in 45% and 18% of patients respectively with a history of venous thrombosis. More recently the methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase gene (MTHFR C677T) have been implicated as risk factors for thrombosis. A test group comprised of Sixty nine individuals with deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and a Control group of 60 individuals with no history of thrombosis in the South East region of Ireland were assessed in this study. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) -PCR, and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis were used to determine factor V Leiden, prothrombin G20210A and MTHFR C677T genotypes. Functional assays were used to measure antithrombin III levels and measure activated protein C resistance (APCR). Objectives ■ Screen a group of patients for mutations in genes that code for proteins involved directly or indirectly with blood coagulation that are reported to be associated with an Increase risk of thrombosis. ■ Develop and optimise laboratory protocols for the molecular diagnostic techniques including Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Site Directed Mutagenesis and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. ■ Assess a suitable thrombophilia screen for the Department of Haematology at Waterford Regional Hospital on the basis of the data obtained in this study."
An Examination Of The Impact The Single European Currency Will Have On Tourism In The Cork And Kerry Region By Ronan Doyle.
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, Doyle Ronan
Published: June 2024

This study has been conducted at a time when Ireland’s tourism industry is booming. Following eight successive years of growth there exists an air of invincibility surrounding the sector. However, on P‘ January 2002 the European Single Currency will come into circulation in the form of Euro notes and coins, and with it comes the seeds of change. It could very well profoundly transform Irish tourism and will undoubtedly involve changes in business behaviour and practice. The study examines tourism in Ireland at national and regional level. It explores the foundations behind the European Single Currency and its implications for tourism in Ireland. The competitive assessment of Ireland’s tourism product identifies that the Euro could have serious consequences for those tourism operators that are not prepared for the increased competitiveness within the tourism marketplace. The current views of the Cork and Kerry tourism stakeholders are analysed in the form of questionnaire, in-depth personal interviews and a focus group interview. Following the examination of the consequences of a Single European Currency on tourism in the Cork and Kerry region, the study establishes that the Euro introduction will affect the various tourism sectors in different ways and that unprepared tourism operators in the region must be able to adapt and evolve in order to survive in an increasingly competitive tourism marketplace. Domestic and international tourists are spoilt for choice when it comes to cheap holiday destinations, Ireland is an expensive holiday destination due to a high cost base and therefore must compete on quality and value for money. Tourism is about people and tourism in the region will succeed by developing a well-trained and professional workforce to implement best practice. The study highlights that small tourism enterprises in the Cork and Kerry region are not prepared for the Euro introduction and that the Euro information campaigns have failed to equip the sector with the necessary information to plan for increased competition. The study proposes that the small tourism operator must consider closer relationships with local tourism businesses to form alliances or cooperatives in order to benefit from synergic outcomes. They must incorporate strategic focus, innovative thinking and a service quality commitment to their management style. Destinations will need to gain competitive advantages, through a differentiation strategy based on quality and value for money and careful management of its environment.
The Molecular Epidemiology Of Rotavirus In Ireland
Authors:   ,   Cork Institute of Technology, O'Halloran Fiona
Published: June 2024

"Between 1997 and 1998, 3,136 cases of rotavirus diarrhoea were detected in Irish children less than 2 years of age. Hospital inpatients accounted for 80% of these infections, with the remainder being diagnosed in general practice. A large percentage of infections were detected in neonates, suggesting a possible inadequate maternal derived protection from existing indigenous strains. This feature suggested the possible existence of ‘novel’ strains circulating in Ireland. No data describing the epidemiology of rotavirus strains in this country currently exists. Furthermore no assessment of the potential health-economic impact or quantitation of potential disease burden was ever undertaken Three hundred and thirty rotavirus positive stool samples were isolated from Irish children presenting with confirmed diarrhoea in the southern and eastern regions of Ireland over a three-year period, from 1997 to 1999. These strains were characterised using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) mediated-typing. The predominant types identified in Ireland included G1P[8], G2P[4] and G4P[8]. However, novel strains, not previously detected in Irish children, were also identified. Significantly, two strains normally associated with infections in animals were recovered from Irish children as part of mixed infections. The major rotavirus neutralisation viral protein (VP7) is encoded by gene segment 9 in group A human strains. A restriction fragment length polymorphic (RFLP)- detecting assay was developed to examine the genetic variability and/or similarity between the VP7-encoding genes from Irish rotavirus strains and a random selection of global strains taken fronn the current databases. VP7 protein encoding genes of 130 strains were analysed by RFLP using three restriction enzymes. These data showed the Irish rotavirus wild-type population to be homogenous, being distinguished from global isolates of the same serotype by these methods. Nucleic acid and the deduced amino acid sequences of six VP7 protein encoded genes were determined. Specific amino acid substitutions were identified among the Irish rotavirus strains providing evidence of true reassortment between these isolates. Furthermore, careful analysis of the amino acid sequences within known hyperyariable regions of the VP7-encoding gene, confirmed the existence of two genetic lineages within G1-serotypes. The latter is a useful strategy to monitor the “real-time” evolution of these viruses. When taken together with the previously identified unusual G-types, these findings predict a more genetically diverse, complex and dynamic rotavirus pool existing in this country. This knowledge will in the future facilitate the development of a suitable vaccine for the Irish population."
Pruning And Nutrition Of Outdoor Cut Foliage Crops
Authors:   ,   Institute of Technology Tralee, Whelton Andy
Published: June 2024

The rapidly expanding cut foliage industry in the South of Ireland aims to satisfy the demands of an exacting market requiring well furnished quality stems for use in the manufacture of foliage and flower bouquets. The studies examined, in detail, aspects of pruning and nutrition of genera currently important to this evolving industry. Recommendations for the optimum time of pruning Eucalyptus pulverulenta and Pittosporum tenujolium are given. Pruning regimes for Eucalyptus parv,folia and E. glaucescens, Pittosporum tenufolium, Ozothamnus rosmarinfolius ‘Silver Jubilee’ and Rhododendron ponticum were examined and guidelines on best practices are outlined. A nutrition experiment to examine the effect of nitrogen and potash on the yield and quality of Eucalyptus glaucescens showed no beneficial effect of applying fertiliser to this species where soil pH was low.