bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development and validation of deep learning models for bowel obstruction on plain abdominal radiograph
Authors: Li Yao , Zhu Shiqi , Wang Yu , Mao Bowei , Zhou Jielu , Zhu Jinzhou , Gu Chenqi
Published: September 2024

Objective

Artificial intelligence (AI) could help medical practitioners in analyzing radiological images to determine the presence and site of bowel obstruction. This retrospective diagnostic study proposed a series of deep learning (DL) models for diagnosing bowel obstruction on abdominal radiograph.

Methods

A total of 2082 upright plain abdominal radiographs were retrospectively collected from four hospitals. The images were labeled as normal, small bowel obstruction and large bowel obstruction by three senior radiologists based on comprehensive examinations and interventions within 48 hours after admission. Gradient-weighted class activation mapping was used to visualize the inferential explanation.

Results

In the validation set, the Xception-backboned model achieved the highest accuracy (0.863), surpassing the VGG16 (0.847) and ResNet models (0.836). In the test set, the Xception model (accuracy: 0.807) outperformed other models and a junior radiologist (0.780) but not a senior radiologist (0.840). In the AI-aided diagnostic framework, the junior and senior radiologists made their judgements while aware of the Xception model predictions. Their accuracy significantly improved to 0.887 and 0.913, respectively.

Conclusions

We developed and validated DL-based computer vision models for diagnosing bowel obstruction on plain abdominal radiograph. DL-based computer-aided diagnostic systems could reduce medical practitioners’ workloads and improve diagnostic accuracy.
Application of machine learning methodology for investigating the vibration behavior of functionally graded porous nanobeams
Authors: Tariq Aiman , Uzun Büşra , Deliktaş Babür , Yaylı Mustafa Özgür
Published: September 2024

This study presents a semi-analytical solution that can calculate the free vibration frequencies of functionally graded nanobeams with three distinct pore distributions under both deformable and rigid boundary conditions, based on nonlocal elasticity and Levinson beam theories. The novelty lies in the incorporation of transverse springs at both ends of porous functionally graded nanobeams and introducing a general eigenvalue problem dependent on the stiffness of these springs. This solution provides vibrational frequencies considering Levinson beam theory, non-local elasticity theory, spring stiffnesses, porosity coefficients, and temperature change. Additionally, the vibrational behavior of these porous nanobeams is explored through machine learning (ML) techniques. Four ML models namely artificial neural network (ANN), support vector regression (SVR), decision tree (DT), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB) are trained to predict the natural frequencies of nanobeams with varying pore distributions. The Sobol quasi-random space-filling method is employed to generate samples by altering input feature combinations for different porous nanobeam distributions. Model performance is evaluated using different performance indicators and visualization tools, with optimal hyperparameters determined via a Bayesian optimization algorithm. Results underscore the efficacy of ML models in predicting natural frequencies, with SVR and ANN demonstrating superior performance compared to XGB and DT. Notably, SVR and ANN exhibit exceptional R2 values of 0.999, along with the lowest MAE, MAPE, and RMSE values among the models assessed. At the end of the study, the effects of various parameters on porous gold (Au) nanobeams using the solution of the presented eigenvalue problem are discussed.
Microhardness and element transfer investigation of weld bead using formulated SiO2−CaO−CaF2−BaO SMAW electrode coatings
Authors: Kumar Aditya , Chhibber Rahul
Published: September 2024

Shielded metal arc welding electrode coating flux influence has been studied on microhardness, microstructure, and element transfer. The mixture design approach was used to design fluxes. Multi-pass bead-on-plate experiments were done. The microhardness and weld bead chemistry were studied using regression analysis. It was observed that the nickel transfer from the electrode wire to the weld pool is positively affected by the presence of [Formula: see text]. An increase in [Formula: see text] leads to a loss of nickel transfer. An increase in [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] has shown a positive effect on molybdenum transfer. Molybdenum transfer is decreased by the increase in [Formula: see text]. The increase in [Formula: see text] increases the manganese transfer, whereas the increase in [Formula: see text] reduces the manganese transfer. The increase in [Formula: see text] increases oxygen potential, which results in the loss of manganese in the weld. Microhardness increases with increasing [Formula: see text], whereas [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] have a diminishing influence on microhardness. The microstructural and energy dispersive spectroscopy analyses of the welds have been discussed. Artificial neural network models have been developed and have been found to produce better prediction accuracy.
The optimized local sparse parallel multi-channel deep convolutional neural network-LSTM and the application in bearing fault diagnosis under noise and variable working condition
Authors: Zhang XiaoLi , Wang Fangzhen , Zhou Yongqing , Liang Wang , Luo Xin , Fan Panfeng
Published: September 2024

Since the actual operation of the bearing inevitably exists in both noise and variable working conditions, most of the traditional networks can only deal with them alone, and the fault identification result will be significantly reduced under such complex conditions. Therefore, Parallel Multichannel Deep Convolution Neural Network (PMDCNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) are proposed as PMDCNN-LSTM model to enable better performance. And a local sparse structure is used to greatly reduce the number of model parameters, the Exponential Linear Unit (ELU) activation function is used to further improve accuracy and stability. The results show that the proposed method is strongly resistant to noise and variable working conditions, as verified by the Case Western Reserve University (CWRU) bearing dataset and bearing fault simulation experimental platform dataset. The comparison with other model shows that the proposed model has good applicability, strong stability and high accuracy of bearing fault identification.
Nanoindentation creep behavior of vacuum diffusion-bonded stainless steel and Inconel 718 joints using a Cu interlayer
Authors: Khan Salman , Junaid Massab , Shehbaz Tauheed , Abo El-Nasr Al-Badrawy , Ali Hafiz T , Zaman Uzair Khaleeq Uz
Published: September 2024

Exhaust components combining Inconel and stainless steel offer the most cost-effective hybrid design for high-performance engines. Owing to the formation of brittle compounds, the most critical zone in such components is the joint interface, which must have a suitable creep life. The present study investigated the nano creep and nanomechanical behavior of diffusion-bonded Austenitic stainless steel (AISI 304) and Inconel (IN-718) with a Cu interlayer. Maximum nano hardness of 3.25 GPa in AISI 304 and 3.12 GPa in IN-718 was achieved at the Cu/IN-718 and Cu/AISI 304 interfaces, respectively. Additionally, the least elastic modulus of 159 GPa in the Cu interlayer, and 160 GPa in the bonding interface was occurred at the Cu/IN-718 and Cu/AISI 304 interfaces, respectively. Moreover, the creep displacement of the Cu/AISI 304 interface was 327% higher than that of the Cu/IN-718 interface. Lastly, the Cu/IN-718 interface exhibited diffusional creep, while the Cu/AISI 304 interface exhibited both diffusional and dislocation creep as active mechanisms.
Chemical reaction and viscous dissipation effects on MHD flow of Powell-Eyring nanomaterial fluid over a nonlinear stretching sheet in a porous medium
Authors: Triveni Battena , Rao Munagala VenkataSubba
Published: September 2024

The main aim this study is to investigate the flow characteristics of a Powell-Eyring nanomaterial fluid over a nonlinear stretching sheet within porous media, under the influence of magneto hydrodynamics (MHD). This investigation is noteworthy for considering both viscous dissipation and chemical reaction effects. The stretching sheet induces the flow of the Powell-Eyring fluid. The study focuses on the temperature distribution, which is significantly influenced by the energy dissipation due to the fluid's viscosity. This process is examined under the condition of zero mass flux. For this partial differential equations related to the consideration are converted into nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformations. This transformation is crucial for simplifying and enabling numerical simulations. The resulting ODEs are then solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method, a powerful technique known for its accuracy and efficiency in solving such equations. The study presents graphs and tables depicting various parameters and validates results against existing literature. Furthermore, Skin friction and heat transfer rate data provide further insights. Some of the observations are chemical reactions and viscous dissipation significantly influences the heat transfer characteristics of the MHD flow of Eyring-Powell nanomaterial fluids. The rate of heat transfer decreases as the Prandtl number and Eyring-Powell fluid material parameters increase. If the porosity parameter rises the temperature grows as well as the velocity of fluid declines. Furthermore, the study establishes a robust correlation between its current findings and prior research efforts in similar domains.
Gamification as an Educational Tool for Retirement Planning
Authors: Grobbelaar Chrizaan , Alsemgeest Liezel
Published: September 2024

Many individuals worldwide retire financially unprepared. The most evident factor for low retirement savings is due to a lack of retirement planning, especially from an early age. Financial literacy is a key element in navigating the current complex financial landscape, as it enables the individual to effectively manage personal finances and make sound financial decisions regarding earning, consuming, saving, investing, debt management, insurance, mitigating risk, identifying suitable financial sources when needed, and also ultimately saving enough for retirement. Financial education provided by employers is usually voluntary and generally designed as a one-size-fits-all solution. The current methods used to teach financial literacy are effective in accessing financial education, but whether they change financial behaviour that results in leaving individuals better prepared for retirement is not evident. Millennials thrive in a digital environment and prefer a trial-and-error approach when learning takes place. To make financial education more practical and appealing to millennials, programme developers should consider the use of gamified applications portraying real-life events where problems need to be solved and active engagement and immediate feedback, which can promote financial literacy and might change the saving behaviour of the younger generations. Gamification is explored as a potential educational tool that can be used in teaching retirement preparedness and financial literacy in the workplace.
Modeling of Small Groups in Computational Sciences: A Prospecting Review
Authors: Jackson Michele H.
Published: September 2024

Small group researchers are increasingly called to engage the computational sciences. One challenge in answering this call is the lack of information concerning what the study of small groups looks like in these domains. This paper addresses this challenge through a prospecting review of research that computationally models or trains computers to learn small group and team behavior and is published in computing disciplines from 2016 to 2023. This review investigated how groups were modeled, for what purpose, what group elements were modeled, and whether social science informed the model design. Qualitative methods were used to analyze 119 published articles. Suggestions are presented for increasing the influence of small group research on the computational modeling of groups and teams, particularly for researchers with limited access to large research teams or resources. This review helps bridge the gap between small group research and computational sciences to advance the understanding of small groups and teams.
Computer Vision Embedded Post-Processing Algorithm on Lifting Risks
Authors: Liu Peiran , Chen Haozhi , Yu Denny
Published: September 2024

This research aims to enhance ergonomic assessments by integrating computer vision algorithms with NIOSH lifting index parameters (HM, VM, DM, AM). Current methods are manual and subjective, lacking real-time analysis. Utilizing the coordinates of 17 body joint points, our algorithm automates this process, improving the precision, objectivity, and timeliness of ergonomic evaluations.
Stepping Up—Leaning Back: Young Adults Constructing Financial Agency in the Verge of Financial Independence
Authors: Kortesalmi Marilla , Autio Minna , Ranta Mette , Sekki Sanna
Published: September 2024

This study investigated young adults’ financial agency-building. In youth, agency-building entails becoming aware of capabilities possessed and structural conditions. Despite the agentic viewpoint being well-established in youth research, agency in financial issues is understudied. We conducted semi-structured interviews for 18 independently living young adults from Finland aged between 21 and 26 years. The transcribed interviews were narratively analysed. Participants shared events that represented their orientation towards financially independent adulthood. The narratives of ‘stepping up to adulthood’ and ‘leaning back on childhood’ demonstrate their differing tendencies to resort to parental support. Becoming aware of their parents’ financial socialization increased confidence to update their skills in the future. Our study suggests that parents’ financial socialization not only increases children’s financial capabilities but functions as a mirror surface for young adults, thus supporting financial agency-building. Complementing the theorization of financial socialization, this study presents the young adults’ perspective on financial agency-building.
Perceptions of Environmental Sustainability in Imported Fruit Purchasing in Taiwan: Insights From Origin Effects
Authors: Hsu Jane Lu , Shiue Charlene W , Hung Kelsey J.-R.
Published: September 2024

This study aims to explore the origin effects of imported fruits, with a particular focus on environmental sustainability. Data were collected in 2021 through in-person surveys administered to primary food shoppers in Taipei. Total valid samples were 199. SAS software was used in analytics in this study. Multivariate analysis was employed to analyze the influences of various origin effects—advertising, environment, technology, pollution, image, and economy—on purchasing decisions. Major findings indicate that production technology has the most substantial positive influence on purchasing decisions, followed by country image and environmental aspects. Kernel density estimation further revealed that perceptions of environmental sustainability are multifaceted, with pollution being a more consistently understood factor compared to the broader environmental impacts. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring marketing strategies and policies to align with consumer perceptions regarding environmental sustainability, fostering trust, and promoting sustainable practices within the fruit import industry. The study provides valuable insights but is limited by its geographic focus on Taipei, the cross-sectional nature of the data, and the specific origin effects examined. Future research should consider broader geographic areas and additional product categories to enhance generalizability.
Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Geriatric Care Among Health Care Professionals in Kumasi, Ghana
Authors: Amoateng Emmanuel , Wireko Manasseh B , Assah Augustine Y , Ashaley Michael Darko , Sani Samudeen , Opare- Addo Henry S , Manu Gordon A
Published: September 2024

Background:

The Ghanaian elderly population is increasing at the fastest rate and this has become a burden as the rate is not proportional to the investment in health to meet their deteriorating health needs. This creates discrepancies and inequalities in healthcare access and coupled with poor healthcare provider services, the inequalities widen. Poor care services are related to poor knowledge and bad attitudes of care providers hence this study seeks to explore the health practitioners’ level of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) toward geriatric care.

Methods:

The study used a cross-sectional survey design with a simple stratified random technique to select study participants. Out of 257 participants who were sampled for the study, 215 responses were received, representing 83.6% response rate. However, 200 questionnaires were complete (93%) and valid for analysis, which consisted of 166 nurses, representing 83% valid responses, and 34 medical officers, physician assistants, and other allied health care providers, representing 17% valid responses from these professionals. A structured questionnaire was used to assess KAP using the knowledge about Older Patients Quiz (KOP-Q) and Kogan’s Attitudes toward Old People Scale (KAOP). Using a mean score of 80%, knowledge, attitude, and practice were dichotomized into good or bad. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare mean rank across health professionals’ knowledge, attitude, and practice of geriatric care.

Results:

It shows that the majority (94%) of participants have low levels of knowledge in geriatric care. The majority (84%) of participants do not practice good geriatric care. Differences in knowledge exist among health providers and were statistically significant ( P = .045). Doctors had the lowest mean knowledge score (78.61). Nurses (100.27) and physician assistants (106.15) had moderate mean knowledge score ranks. Although not statistically significant, the rank order for practice scores from highest to lowest was: physician assistants (112.95), nurses (99.19), and doctors (79.21). There were however no statistically significant differences between professions in practice scores ( P = .067), or attitude scores ( P = .097).

Conclusion:

Health care providers have low knowledge and, bad attitude toward aged care and this may be related to their service delivery which may affect the aged patronage of healthcare services. This is a wake-up call for authorities to organize continuous professional development to enable care providers to improve their service delivery.
Utilising the COM-B model to interpret barriers and facilitators to cervical cancer screening in young women
Authors: Shpendi Sonia , Norman Paul , Gibson-Miller Jilly , Webster Rebecca K.
Published: September 2024

As most women now reaching the age for cervical cancer screening (24.5 years old) in the UK will be HPV vaccinated, their current perspectives on screening can inform effective interventions to increase screening uptake (and thus, early detection). Twenty-four interviews were conducted with women aged 24–30 years old to explore their views on cervical cancer screening ( n = 12 attendees and n = 12 non-attendees). Reflexive thematic analysis generated six themes that were then mapped onto the COM-B model. Reflective motivations (e.g. reassurance) were key facilitators to screening attendance for both groups. Social opportunities (e.g. open communication) contrasted between the groups, with attendees more likely to have discussed screening with friends. Automatic motivations (e.g. embarrassment) were key barriers to attending screening in both groups. Notably, HPV vaccination did not factor into the decision to attend screening. Interventions to increase screening uptake may target motivational and social factors.
Postcolonialism as the governmentality of immigration controls
Authors: Sharma Nandita
Published: September 2024

Postcolonialism's insistence on historical connection is an important, source of its influence on contemporary social theory. The connections between metropoles and colonies of empires; between the imperial past and postcolonial present; and between people partitioned into separated state categories. However, postcolonial theory largely ignores the connections between colonial mobility controls and national citizenship and immigration controls. Instead, the latter is regarded as a definitional aspect of state sovereignty, transcending time and place (or at least seen as an aspect of European states since the 1648 Treaty of Westphalia). At the same time, migration studies have ignored both the prenational history of state governance over human mobility and reified the nation-state categories of “citizen” and “migrant.” I argue that postcolonial theory and migration studies would both be helpfully served by understanding postcolonialism not only as a theoretical approach but as the post-World War II form of ruling relations, one defined by the global regime of nationalized immigration controls and productive of the now-normalized national binary of citizen and migrant. I focus on the current hardening of this binary through (uncannily imperial) discourses of native-ness to show how the negative duality of National-Natives and Migrants informs antiimmigrant politics today.
Invoking time limits for managing responses in US Senate Judiciary Committee lower court nomination hearings
Authors: Montiegel Kristella
Published: September 2024

This study uses Conversation Analysis to investigate an interactional practice in US Senate Judiciary Committee (SJC) lower court nomination hearings. Drawing from 13 hr and 36 min of data from Q&A rounds across 12 SJC hearings during 2020 and 2022, I document how senators’ invocations of the hearing’s time limits function as a resource for managing judicial nominees’ responses to their questions. I examine senators’ time invocations (TIs) in two main sequential areas: (1) When designing questions, and (2) when pursuing or challenging nominees’ responses. As a feature of question design, TIs help senators ‘move things along’ during their brief questioning time, as well as pin nominees to respond in ways preferable to the question. As a feature of pursuits or challenges, TIs help senators manage nominees’ off-topic, evasive, or unsound responses, thus ascribing different levels of accountability onto both nominees (for their inadequate responses to senators’ initial questions) and senators themselves (for the sequential and affiliative consequences associated with doing pursuing/challenging). Seven extracts are presented from a collection of 82 cases. Findings reveal how time limits can be leveraged by senators to advance various goals in this highly constrained and institutionalized context, including exhibiting and implicitly legitimizing partisan bias.
Filtering Out My Face: Rethinking Critical Narrative Analysis
Authors: Rainey Jennifer , Call-Cummings Meagan
Published: September 2024

Based on an 18-month narrative study of female middle managers at a large community college in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States, we examine current critical narrative analysis practices, emphasizing the structural nature of inequity and oppression. We illustrate how critical approaches to structural narrative analysis have missed intersectional aspects of the structures we analyze. We conclude that by explicitly analyzing for both intersectionality and critical resistance, researchers have an opportunity to deepen and nuance critical narrative analysis in such a way that acknowledges the complexity of individual experiences and disproportionate structural constraints that affect people of color.
DREADD Microglia? Targeted Microglial Gi Activation in the Acute Phase can Reduce Seizure Severity, but is Detrimental in the Long Term
Authors: Bodea Liviu-Gabriel , Borges Karin
Published: September 2024

[Box: see text]
Relationship Between Social Networking Service Addiction and Occupational Dysfunction in Young Adults
Authors: Morimoto Takafumi , Murakami Tsukasa , Sasaki Tsutomu , Yokoyama Kazuki , Ishii Takao , Ikeda Nozomu
Published: September 2024

Social networking services (SNSs) are useful tools; however, problematic use leads to mental health problems. This study aimed to examine whether SNS addiction is associated with occupational dysfunction while considering the effects of depression. This cross-sectional study included 268 undergraduates who responded to the questionnaire on the frequency and time of SNS use, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), SNS-X scale, and the Classification and Assessment of Occupational Dysfunction (CAOD). Hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed effect of the SNS-X score for Instagram was significant (β = 0.174, p = .001) adjusted by the CES-D total score. However, the effect of frequency and time of SNS use were not significant. This suggests that SNS addiction, and not SNS use, is a factor associated with occupational dysfunction that should be emphasized and depression.
Self-lock carrier: Realize low-backlash characteristic in 3 K planetary gearbox
Authors: Ling Zilong , Xiao Dong , Zhao Lei , Li Yue , Ji Zhongzan , Xi Siyuan , Xia Xiaofeng , Zhou Yi
Published: September 2024

Advanced manufacturing equipment heavily relies on gearboxes for optimal performance, especially in heavy-duty applications like industrial robot joints and advanced machine tools where precision and stiffness are paramount. While harmonic and cycloid gearboxes are common for their low backlash characteristic, conventional 3 K planetary gears excel in efficiency, torque density and stiffness but they are rarely utilized in high precision scenario due to backlash issue. In this study, a deformable planet carrier system (DPCS) is proposed for backlash restrain by center distance compensation. The DPCS incorporates a self-lock design, preserving low backlash feature while upholding load capacity and stiffness, meeting the demands of precision industrial equipment. To illustrate its principles, statics models demonstrate its force analysis, and FEM simulations reveal its self-lock feature. Backlash compensation model theoretically analyzes its anti-backlash effect from kinematics and geometry aspects. To validate its feasibility, the first prototype is manufactured and designated as H3K-40K-104. Experiment result prove that prototype achieves significant low backlash characteristic, with the maximum dynamic transmission error (DTE) of 20.5 arcsec and backlash of 6.561 arcsec. Stiffness hysteresis curve indicates a minimal lost motion of 20.01 arcsec. This paper provides an effective method to greatly refine precision performance in 3 K gear trains.
Stiffness characteristics and experimental study of angular contact ball bearings considering the influence of rotational speed
Authors: Chen Runlin , Xu Fan , Liu Gengzhou , Li Jiakai , Zhao Shaodong , Fan Xingyu , Zhang Yanchao , Lv Saisai
Published: September 2024

The angular contact ball bearings are widely used in various high-speed and precision rotating equipment because of support performance. The contact load of the inner and outer rings is changed because of the centrifugal force of rolling elements caused by high speed in the spindle system of high-speed and precision machine tools. The bearing stiffness changes due to changes in contact load the influence of centrifugal force and gyroscopic moment on the stiffness of angular contact ball bearings under high speed is considered in this paper. Based on the internal load distribution within the bearing and the force analysis of a single rolling element, the relationship between the forces on the bearing and the deformation of each rolling element is analyzed. Then the stiffness model for angular contact ball bearings is established. The stiffness tests were conducted under variable load and speed conditions. The correctness of the stiffness model is preliminarily verified, as the maximum error between experimental and theoretical results was less than 3%.
Study on the gear-rack meshing dynamic performance based on a multi-body dynamic model of rack rail vehicle
Authors: Shen Longjiang , Zhou Zuobin , Wu Xingwen , He Shizhong , Yang Ningrui , Luo Yang
Published: September 2024

Rack rail vehicles show strong capability of mountain climbing and have become a popular transportation mode for mountain areas in recent years. Therefore, this paper investigated on the dynamic performance of rack rail vehicle through simulation of a multibody dynamic model. Firstly, a multibody dynamic model of rack rail vehicle considering both the wheel/rail interaction and the gear-rack meshing was developed in the SIMPACK software platform. A rack rail with a large slope of 250‰ was taken into consideration in the proposed study. Subsequently, the gear-rack meshing dynamics in terms of the meshing stiffness and the meshing force in both circumferential- and radial- directions were investigated. Moreover, two types of driving modes were compared to illustrate the effects of driving mode on the wheel/rail interaction and the gear-rack meshing. The results show that due to the gear-rack meshing the meshing stiffness and the meshing force are subject to the periodical variations and the gear-rack meshing can significantly affect the wheel/rail interaction, especially in the presence of track irregularities. The driving mode that the gear wheel is installed on the wheelset axle through a hollow shaft is considered as a more practical design for the rack vehicle.
Revascularization of superior mesenteric artery occlusion via the arc of Buhler: A case report and literature review
Authors: Huang Wei , Wang Ke , Liu Yang , Wang Qi-qi , Wei Hai-jun , He Chun-shui
Published: September 2024

Background

To report revascularization of a superior mesenteric artery (SMA) ostial occlusion via the Arc of Buhler.

Case Report

A 62-year-old female presented with 2 months of recurrent abdominal distension and postprandial pain. Computed tomography angiography (CTA) revealed ostial occlusion of the SMA with distal perfusion via the Arc of Buhler (connecting the celiac trunk and SMA). Conventional endovascular techniques failed. A 0.014 guidewire was passed retrograde through the occlusion via the Arc of Buhler. The guidewire was captured from the femoral sheath and balloon angioplasty with stent placement was performed. The patient had complete symptom resolution post-procedure.

Conclusions

Retrograde revascularization via the Arc of Buhler is an effective method for treating the initial segment occlusion of the SMA.
The multicomponent model of working memory fifty years on
Authors: Hitch Graham J. , Allen Richard J. , Baddeley Alan D.
Published: September 2024

We provide a broad overview of our original investigation of working memory; how the multicomponent model followed from our use of a dissociative methodology; and our intention that it should be simple, robust, and applicable. We describe how subsequent development of the model has increased its scope, depth, and applications while at the same time retaining its core features. Comparisons with the growing number of alternative models suggest agreement on the basic phenomena to be explained and more similarities than differences. While differences between models attract interest, we caution that they do not necessarily reflect the most important issues for future research, which we suggest relate principally to the nature of executive control. The longevity of the multicomponent model reflects not only the importance of working memory in cognition but also the usefulness of a simple, robust framework for further theoretical development and applications.
Round table discussion. Distal radioulnar joint instability after surgical treatment of distal radial fractures
Authors: Schep Niels W. L. , Lin James S. , Moran Steven L. , Hannemann Pascal F. W. , Heras-Palou Carlos
Published: September 2024

Distal radioulnar joint instability is commonly seen after surgical fixation of a distal radial fracture, and surgeons’ ability to reliably determine stability on examination is poor. Debate remains regarding whether to fix the ulnar styloid or reinsert the triangular fibrocartilaginous complex. Four surgeons with Level 5 expertise were asked to respond to questions surrounding this debate.
Comparative yield of EBUS-TBNA with EBUS-IFBTLP for diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy
Authors: Zhang Rui , Zhang Wenping , Cheng Xiangsong , Si Dan , Liu Bao , Hu Xingang , Chen Xianliang , Su Zhuquan
Published: September 2024

Background:

Patients with mediastinal lymph node enlargement (MLNE) are diagnosed depending on lymph node biopsy. Whereas, how to obtain larger tissue masses from mediastinal lymph nodes and improve the diagnostic yield of the disease remains to be investigated.

Objectives:

Aiming to assess the diagnostic value of endobronchial ultrasound-guided intranodal forceps biopsy via transbronchial laser photoablation (EBUS-IFB-TLP) in patients with MLNE.

Design:

A prospective, self-controlled study.

Methods:

This study was conducted on 67 MLNE patients requiring a lymph node biopsy for diagnosis at the Henan Provincial People’s Hospital and the Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital in China, from January 2020 to December 2022. Each patient underwent endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA group) and EBUS-IFB-TLP (EBUS-IFB-TLP group) on the same mediastinal lymph node for biopsies. The operation time, diagnostic efficiency, and complication rates of the two biopsy methods were compared.

Results:

The number of diagnosed patients in the EBUS-IFB-TLP and the EBUS-TBNA groups was 65 (97.0%) and 57 (85.1%), respectively ( p = 0.021). In the EBUS-IFB-TLP group, 28 cases (96.6%) were diagnosed with lung cancer and were classified into different epithelial types. In the EBUS-TBNA group, there were 27 cases (93.1%) diagnosed with lung cancer, of which 26 (89.7%) were classified into different epithelial types. There were 37 (97.4%) and 30 (78.9%) non-lung cancer patients diagnosed in the EBUS-IFB-TLP and EBUS-TBNA groups, respectively ( p = 0.039), while 27 cases (96.4%) of sarcoidosis in the EBUS-IFB-TLP group and 20 cases (71.4%) of sarcoidosis in the EBUS-TBNA group were diagnosed ( p = 0.016). The percentages of intraoperative mild to moderate bleeding complications were 23.9% (16/67) and 14.9% (10/67) in the EBUS-IFB-TLP and in the EBUS-TBNA groups, respectively ( p = 0.109).

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that EBUS-IFB-TLP could be a feasible and effective method in the diagnosis of patients with MLNE, presenting an analogous safety profile compared with EBUS-TBNA. Further studies are needed to verify the diagnostic performance of EBUS-IFB-TLP for MLNE.
Resolving Sequential Self-Control Dilemmas: The Role of Pride and Guilt
Authors: Storch Julia , Wan Jing , van Ittersum Koert
Published: September 2024

Extant evidence suggests that the two self-conscious emotions pride and guilt guide people's behavior in the context of self-control dilemmas. Pride and guilt are both outcomes of and antecedents to how people resolve self-control dilemmas. However, evidence on how pride and guilt motivate individuals to exert self-control is inconsistent. Based on the Expectancy Value Theory, we propose a conceptual framework to predict when and how pride and guilt can lead to increased or decreased self-control. One particularly important factor is the relatedness of the past and focal dilemmas: whether pride or guilt arises from a success or failure to exercise self-control in a domain related or unrelated to a focal self-control dilemma may determine people's motivation to exert self-control.
Distinct characteristics and progression patterns of facet joint structural lesions in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis
Authors: Liao Simin , Cheng Liuquan , Zhao Zheng , Zhu Jian , Huang Feng
Published: September 2024

Background:

Both vertebral bodies and posterior elements of the vertebrae (facet joints, FJ) can engage in bone formation in radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (r-axSpA). However, little is known about the specific structural lesions and progression patterns of FJs in r-axSpA.

Objectives:

To identify specific lesions related to r-axSpA and to investigate the distinct progression patterns by comparing the FJ changes of r-axSpA with that of diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH), osteoarthritis (OA), and control group (CG).

Design:

Single-center, retrospective study. Longitudinal imaging data were retrieved and collected.

Methods:

Age- and sex-matched patients with complete thoracic and lumbar spine computed tomography (CT) data were included and their bilateral FJs were assessed. FJ changes were divided into erosions, ankylosis, joint-space narrowing, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis, subchondral cysts, and vacuum phenomena. Average progressed year was defined as “number of changed vertebrae × interval years”/number of changed vertebrae.

Results:

In all, 50 patients in each group were included. Subchondral cysts and vacuum phenomena were not observed. Bilateral FJ ankylosis (FJA)/erosions in the thoracic and lumbar spine, and unilateral ankylosis/erosions in T1–4, T9–12 were significantly more common in r-axSpA. Joint-space narrowing/osteophytes/subchondral sclerosis were significantly more common in DISH and OA. FJ lesions progressed in 56.34% of vertebrae of r-axSpA. The most common pattern was “FJ normal advanced to ankylosis” (17.54%) which required 2.63 years. It was followed by “erosions advanced to ankylosis” (12.3%) which took 2.05 years, and by “normal FJ advanced to erosions” (11.04%) which took 2.29 years, respectively. Degenerative changes could also progress to FJ erosions/ankylosis (24.83%). The majority pattern in DISH/OA was “FJ changes advanced to subchondral sclerosis/osteophytes/joint-space narrowing.”

Conclusion:

Bilateral FJA/erosions are r-axSpA-specific lesions. The specific progression pattern for r-axSpA was “FJ changes advanced to ankylosis/erosions.” Repeated CT examination in intervals of at least 2 years will be more appropriate for monitoring FJ progression.
A Comprehensive Review on Molecular Mechanisms, Treatments, and Brief Role of Natural Products in Hepatocellular Cancer
Authors: Jiang Linlin , Meng Qin , Liu Lixiu , Li Weihang
Published: September 2024

Most initial liver cancers are hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), which make up the vast majority of cases. Hepatitis B or C virus infection as well as alcohol consumption is among the key risk factors. The significance of the most intriguing soluble factors as indicators for early diagnosis and as suggested targets for therapy in light of the increasing challenges in precision medicine. The development of HCC is influenced by a complex combination between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and their signalling cascades. Recently,researchers are aims to assess the potential of a number of distinct molecular cascade/cascade including cytokines to function as key players with particular underlying etiologies. Increasing our knowledge of the signaling network that links retro differentiation and inflammationmay help us find novel therapeutic targets and develop combined therapies or treatments that work against tumors with a significant degree of heterogeneity. With nursing processes at its center, comprehensive nursing care is a new nursing paradigm that combines the benefits of primary and group nursin g as well as a perfect synthesis of many nursing metrics like nursing philosophy, nursing plan, and nursing quality evaluation. In order to treat patients with serious liver diseases like cancer, it can conduct nursing interventions item by item in accordance with the unique disease conditions of each patient and combine efficient therapeutic approaches with high-quality nursing modes. Dietary natural products, including fruits, vegetables, and spices, may prevent and treat liver cancer by inhibiting tumor growth, protecting the liver, and enhancing chemotherapy.
Histopathological Characteristics and Inflammatory Cell Infiltration in Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma
Authors: Qu Jing , Sun Yan , Liang Na , Li Cheng , Huang Qian , Wang Mingjie , Wang Deyun , Zhou Bing
Published: September 2024

Background

Sinonasal inverted papilloma (SNIP) is a benign epithelial tumor with distinctive histopathological features. However, the role of inflammation in SNIP remains poorly characterized.

Objectives

This study aimed to compare the histopathological patterns and inflammatory characteristics of SNIP with those of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) or normal ethmoid sinus mucosa.

Methods

Fifty-eight tissue biopsies were prospectively collected from 38 patients with SNIPs, 12 CRSwNPs, and 8 normal ethmoid sinus mucosae. SNIP was histopathologically divided into four grades based on the extent of epithelial remodeling. The immunohistochemical characteristics of epithelial remodeling (p63, CK5) and infiltration of inflammatory cells (eg, eosinophils, neutrophils, and macrophages) and cytokines (eg, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) were analyzed.

Results

Among the 38 SNIPs, 21.1%, 36.8%, 23.7%, and 18.4% were grades I, II, III, and IV, respectively. The expression levels of p63 and CK5 were significantly higher in SNIP than in the other two groups (both, p < 0.05). Neutrophil and macrophage infiltration was more pronounced in SNIP and with differences among the four grades. The expression levels of inflammatory cytokines were significantly higher in the SNIP group than in the CRSwNP group. A positive correlation between the expression levels of p63 and inflammatory cytokines was observed in both SNIPs and CRSwNPs.

Conclusion

Excessive epithelial remodeling is an important histological feature of SNIP; it is accompanied by sinonasal mucosal inflammation.
Misrecognitions and re-recognitions of Malaysian trans-modified bodies: Possibilities for theopastoral ameliorations through a hermeneutic of the risen Christ
Authors: Goh Joseph N.
Published: September 2024

In proposing a parallel between the early disciples’ initial misrecognition of the resurrected Jesus and contemporary conservative churches’ condemnation of Gender Affirmation Surgery, I argue in this article that a hermeneutic of the risen Christ can suggest reasons behind conservative Malaysian churches’ transnegative attitudes towards surgical modification and serve as an alternative interpretive lens to remap more affirming theopastoral strategies for transgender Christians. To this end, I highlight and elucidate cisheteronormative elements in the theological discourses of three Malaysian Christian leaders and showcase counterarguments from transgender theologians before I engage with analogous interpretations of the risen Christ’s appearances and the bodies of transgender women. I suggest that akin to the early disciples’ re-recognition of Jesus which enabled them to witness unprecedented divine marvels, contemporary churches’ re-recognition of trans-modified bodies can allow them to experience God’s own sense of justice, inclusion, and creativity in hitherto unfamiliar ways, reappreciate creation as a collaborative human-divine process, and respectfully value human persons as the ultimate authorities of their own lives.
Brain tumor grade classification using the ConvNext architecture
Authors: Mehmood Yasar , Bajwa Usama Ijaz
Published: September 2024

Objective

Brain tumor grade is an important aspect of brain tumor diagnosis and helps to plan for treatment. Traditional methods of diagnosis, including biopsy and manual examination of medical images, are either invasive or may result in inaccurate diagnoses. This study proposes a brain tumor grade classification technique using a modern convolutional neural network (CNN) architecture called ConvNext that inputs magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data.

Methods

Deep learning-based techniques are replacing invasive procedures for consistent, accurate, and non-invasive diagnosis of brain tumors. A well-known challenge of using deep learning architectures in medical imaging is data scarcity. Modern-day architectures have huge trainable parameters and require massive datasets to achieve the desired accuracy and avoid overfitting. Therefore, transfer learning is popular among researchers using medical imaging data. Recently, transformer-based architectures have surpassed CNNs for image data. However, recently proposed CNNs have achieved superior accuracy by introducing some tweaks inspired by vision transformers. This study proposed a technique to extract features from the ConvNext architecture and feed these features to a fully connected neural network for final classification.

Results

The proposed study achieved state-of-the-art performance on the BraTS 2019 dataset using pre-trained ConvNext. The best accuracy of 99.5% was achieved when three MRI sequences were input as three channels of the pre-trained CNN.

Conclusion

The study demonstrated the efficacy of the representations learned by a modern CNN architecture, which has a higher inductive bias for the image data than vision transformers for brain tumor grade classification.
Promoting Equitable Healthcare Access for Marginalized Populations: A Comprehensive Framework for Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) in South Africa
Authors: Ikhile Ikekhwa Albert
Published: September 2024

Men who have sex with men (MSM) across South Africa face significant health disparities rooted in stigmatization due to their sexual orientation, which negatively affects their health. Toward curbing sexually transmitted diseases and ensuring equitable distribution of access to health services for MSM, this study developed a framework capable of providing equal health for MSM in South Africa. The study aims to develop a framework that promote equitable health among MSM in South Africa. This study adopted a qualitative method with in-depth consented interviews targeted at MSM in Umlazi township, South Africa. A total of 25 MSM were interviewed, and their responses were analyzed using Nvivo 11, supported by content analysis. The Equitable Health Access Framework (EHAF) was developed using the study findings, guided by the WHO framework for social health determinants, and underpinned by the systems theory. The framework was structured around three factors: input, processes and output. The key finding depicted that the implementation and collaboration of the input and process will result in an output of equitable health access for MSM. Based on the study findings, the processes and key factors to be considered are sensitization training, community engagement and support, MSM empowerment program, and health promotion. At the same time, the input are finance, human resources, infrastructure, medical equipment and consumables. The “framework” could guide policymakers and health professionals by providing structured processes and key elements to ensure better health space and equal healthcare delivery to MSM in the research setting and similar settings in developing countries.