bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) Melalui Inkuiri Terbimbing Pada Materi Kegiatan Ekonomi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Sugiarti Iis Yeni
Published: October 2019

Abstrak. Desa Trusmi merupakan sentra batik sekaligus kuliner di Kabupaten Cirebon. Banyaknya pemegang usaha di bidang produksi batik mengakibatkan persaingan dagang diwilayah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) Â di salah satu usaha batik milik H. Edi Baredi atau sering dikenal dengan EB Batik Tradisional melalui inkuri terbimbing. Analisis meliputi profil usaha, aspek produksi, aspek tenaga kerja, aspek pemasaran dan aspek keuangan. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskripstif analisis. Berdasarkan analisis internal dan eksternal analisis SWOT, strategi yangÂ  dilakukan oleh EB Batik Tradisional yaitu menghindari kehilangan penjualan dan profit yang disebabkan banyaknya persaingan dagang di kawasan sentra batik Trusmi dengan munculnya inovasi baru. Penguatan karakter pada produksi batiknya dapat mengatasi pesaingan dagang dan menambah daya tarik pembeli.Â Kata Kunci: SWOT, Inkuiri Terbimbing, dan Kegiatan EkonomiÂ Abstract. Trusmi village is a center of batik as well as culinary in Cirebon Regency. A large number of business holders in the field of batik production has resulted in trade competition in the region. This study aims to analyze SWOT (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, Threats) in one of the batik business owned by H. Edi Baredi or often known as EB Traditional Batik through guided injury. The analysis includes the business profile, production aspects, labor aspects, marketing aspects, and financial aspects. This type of research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis method. Based on internal and external analysis of the SWOT analysis, the strategy carried out by EB Traditional Batik is to avoid losing sales and profits due to the high level of trade competition in the Trusmi batik center area with the emergence of innovations. Strengthening the character of batik production can overcome trade competition and increase the attractiveness of buyers.Â Keywords: SWOT, Guided Inquiry, and Economic Activities
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Auditory, Intellectualy, dan Repitition (AIR) Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matenatika Siswa Di Kelas Tinggi Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Yuliani Yuni
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh dari model pembelajaran AIR terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa pada materi bangun datar di kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Jenis penelitian ini berupa Quasi Experimental Design dengan desain Nonequivalent Control Group Design. Sampel penelitian ini yaitu kelas IV A dan kelas IV B SDN Cisaat Rambay Kabupaten Sukabumi. Pengumpulan data yang dilakukan dengan metode tes yang terdiri dari pretest dan posttest. Pembelajaran pada kelas eksperimen menggunakan model pembelajaran AIR sedangkan untuk kelas kontrol menggunakan pembelajaran langsung. Pembelajaran dilaksanakan sebanyak tiga kali pertemuan, baik dikelas eksperimen maupun kelas kontrol dengan materi yang sama yaitu bangun datar. Kedua kelas mempunyai kemampuan awal sama. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan siswa dikelas eksperimen memiliki rata-rata hasil yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol. Rata-rata nilai akhir dari kelas eksperimen sebesar 78,33 sedangkan kelas kontrol sebesar 50,57. Adapun hasil perhitungan dari Uji T menunjukkan hasil signifikansi sebesar 0,000. Nilai sig. lebih kecil dari taraf signifikansi uji (0,05). Artinya terdapat perbedaan hasil yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran AIR memberi pengaruh terhadap kemampuan pemecahan masalah matematika siswa kelas IV SD pada materi bangun datar. Kata Kunci.Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematika, Model Pembelajaran AIR, Bangun Datar.
PENGARUH MODEL SOMATIC, AUDITORY, VISUAL, INTELLECTUAL (SAVI) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KREATIF MATEMATIS DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Aprilia Shiva
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model Somatic, Auditory, Visual, Intellectual (SAVI) terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar pada materi bangun datar. Jenis penelitian ini berupa eksperimen semu (quasi-experimental) yang didesain dalam bentuk Nonequivalent (Pretest and Posttest) Control Group Design. Sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel jenuh yaitu seluruh siswa kelas IV A dan kelas IV B SDN Cimanggah 2 Sukabumi. Instrumen yang digunakan berupa tes, tes tersebut diberikan pada saat pretest dan posttest. Proses pembelajaran pada kelas eksperimen menggunakan model SAVI sedangkan pada kelas kontrol tanpa menggunakan model SAVI, proses pembelajaran masing-masing kelas dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali dengan materi yang sama yaitu bangun datar. Hasil pengujian menunjukan bahwa siswa kelas eksperimen memiliki nilai rata-rata akhir sebesar 72,89 lebih tinggi 21,57 dibandingkan dengan kelas kontrol sebesar 51,32. Selain itu hasil pengujian Uji T Dua Sampel Independen menunjukan hasil signifikan sebesar 0,000 lebih kecil dari taraf signifikan uji (0,05), artinya terdapat perbedaan hasil yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dan kelas kontrol. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model SAVI memiliki pengaruh terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis pada siswa kelas IV SD tahun ajaran 2018/2019.
STUDI AWAL MOTIVASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA PENDIDIKAN GURU SEKOLAH DASAR (PGSD) PADA MATA KULIAH KONSEP DASAR IPA
Authors: Yanti Yulia Eka
Published: October 2019

Motivasi merupakan salah satu faktor utama yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan atau kegagalan dalam pembelajaran dan pengajaran Salah satu pendekatan yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat motivasi belajar mahasiswa yaitu model ARCS. Empat aspek yang menjadi bagian penyusun motivasi tersebut adalah aspek attention, relevance, confidence, dan satisfaction. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mengetahui tingkat motivasi belajar mahasiswa S1 PGSD Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat pada Mata Kuliah Konsep Dasar IPA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode survei, dalam hal ini menggunakan angket motivasi mahasiswa. Subjek penelitian adalah terdiri dari empat kelas dengan total 76 mahasiswa pada Prodi PGSD dan PGMI Universitas Islam Raden Rahmat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa motivasi belajar mahasiswa PGSD pada aspek attention dan relevance berada pada kategori cukup sedangkan untuk aspek confidence dan satisfaction berada pada kategori tinggi. Namun demikian, motivasi belajar mahasiswa pada mata kuliah Konsep Dasar IPA masih perlu ditingkatkan.
Analisis Kemampuan Berfikir Kritis Mahasiswa PGSD Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika Dasar
Authors: Suriyana Suriyana , Fatmawati Risdiana Andika
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemampuan berfikir kritis mahasiswa PGSD dalam menyelesaikan soal matematika pada matakuliah Matematika dasar. Subjek penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Prodi PGSD yang berjumlah 20 mahasiswa, 16 mahasiswa perempuan dan 4 laki-laki. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui tes tulis berupa tes kemampuan berfikir kritis dan wawancara. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatifÂ  karena data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif berdasarkan ketercapaian indikator berfikir kritis pada setiap soal. Hasil analisis data penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan berpikir kritis pada indikator menganalisis argumen kategori kurang. Kemampuan berpikir kritis pada indikator mengevaluasi informasi kategori tidak baik.Â  Kemampuan berpikir kritis pada indikator mensintesis bukti kategori tidak baik. Kemampuan berpikir kritis pada indikator menarik kesimpulan kategori tidak baik. Sehingga kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah kemampuan berpikir kritis mahasiswa PGSD perlu untuk dikembangkan.
Peran Guru Kelas Pada Pelaksanaan Bimbingan Konseling Dalam Menumbuhkan Sikap Tanggung Jawab Di SD Negeri 1 Pamijen
Authors: Dewi Dilla Tiara Kusuma
Published: October 2019

Bimbingan konseling yang dilakukan oleh guru kelas dengan cara memberikan nasehat, memberikan motivasi, memberikan contoh, memberikan koreksi atau penilaian, membimbing, mengingatkan, dan memberikan hukuman pada peserta didik. salah satu ctontoh terlaksana bimbingan konseling telah diterapkan disekolah tersebut adanya peserta didik yang telah melaksanakan sikap tanggung jawab seperti mengerjakan PR, berangkat tepat waktu, memakai seragam sesuai aturan, mengerjakan PR secara berkelompok, dan bertanggung jawab pada setiap perbuatan yang dilakukan.
PENGARUH MENULIS SAINS TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS SISWA (STUDI EKSPERIMEN DI SD NEGERI BIMA KOTA CIREBON)
Authors: Tarmidzi Tarmidzi
Published: October 2019

Menurut teori belajar Konstruktivisme, pendidikan akan bermakna dan tersimpan dalam memori jangka panjang siswa jika mereka â€œmembangunâ€ sendiri pengetahuannya, dalam hal ini siswa menjadi subjek dalam pembelajaran yang aktif.Â  Salah satu aktivitas dalam kegiatan belajar adalah menulis.Â  Semakin terampil seseorang berbahasa, mencerminkan kecerahan dan kejelasan jalan pikirannya.Â  Tim pengembang Writing Across Curriculum dari Michigan Science Teacher Association (MSTA) and The Office School Improvement menyatakan bahwa menulis dapat membantu siswa menemukan pengetahuan baru, memilah-milah pengetahuan sebelumnya, membuat hubungan dan mengungkap ide-ide baru yang mereka tulis.Â  menulis dalam kelas sains dapat juga berarti â€œ(1) mengingat pengetahuan lama untuk menyiapkan aktivitas baru; (2) mengembangkan pelajaran baru; (3) menggabungkan dan mengulas ide-ide; serta (4) merumuskan kembali dan memperluas pengetahuanâ€. Â Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan tambahan pembahasan secara deskriptif kualitatif.Â  Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilaksanakan, didapatkan bahwa menulis sains memengaruhi kemampuan keterampilan proses sains siswa secara signifikan sebesar 26,2%.
LUPIN AS THE BASE FOR PROTEIN COMPONENT OF FEED MIX FOR POULTRY
Authors: Сорокин Александр , Sorokin Alexander , Руцкая Валентина , Ruckaya Valentina
Published: October 2019

The article presents the data of domestic and foreign researchers for feeding of poultry used lupin and its processed products. It’s advisable to use energy-and-protein concentrates made of legumes and cereal grain mixtures to prepare complete feeds. Lupin is one of the main sources of plant protein with unique amino acid composition. In opinion of the majority of researchers lupin containing feeds made according to technic guidance support productivity increasing of poultry growing and improve the quality of the products.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SILO PREPARATION OF LUPIN, FORAGE CROPS AND THEIR MIXTURES
Authors: Сорокин Александр , Sorokin Alexander , Исаева Елена , Isaeva Elena , Руцкая Валентина , Ruckaya Valentina , Афонина Елена , Afonina Elena , Ляпченков Вячеслав , Lyapchenkov Vyacheslav , Зайцева Наталья , Zaitseva Natalya
Published: October 2019

Average long-term data of yield, dry matter and row protein content, nutritional value of silage samples made of green mass of single and mixed crops of narrow-leafed lupin BL -78-07, oat (var. Pamyati Bulavina), payza (var. Krasava), Sudan grass (var. Kinel-skaya 100) of different seeding rates are given. Annual data of silo description made of white lupin var. Alyi parus and Sudan grass var. Kinelskaya 100 of single and mixed crops of two sowing date are given too. The feed cost was determined based on calculation of total costs made from technological maps of single and mixed crops cultivation and silo laying under production conditions.
Deontic Logics as Axiomatic Extensions of First-Order Predicate Logic: An Approach Inspired by Wolniewicz’s Formal Ontology of Situations
Authors: Malec Andrzej
Published: October 2019

The aim of this article is to present a method of creating deontic logics as axiomatic theories built on first-order predicate logic with identity. In the article, these theories are constructed as theories of legal events or as theories of acts. Legal events are understood as sequences (strings) of elementary situations in Wolniewicz′s sense. On the other hand, acts are understood as two-element legal events: the first element of a sequence is a choice situation (a situation that will be changed by an act), and the second element of this sequence is a chosen situation (a situation that arises as a result of that act). In this approach, legal rules (i.e., orders, bans, permits) are treated as sets of legal events. The article presents four deontic systems for legal events: AEP, AEPF, AEPOF, AEPOFI. In the first system, all legal events are permitted; in the second, they are permitted or forbidden; in the third, they are permitted, ordered or forbidden; and in the fourth, they are permitted, ordered, forbidden or irrelevant. Then, we present a deontic logic for acts (AAPOF), in which every act is permitted, ordered or forbidden. The theorems of this logic reflect deontic relations between acts as well as between acts and their parts. The direct inspiration to develop the approach presented in the article was the book Ontology of Situations by Boguslaw Wolniewicz, and indirectly, Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus.
Design Strategies for High Power vs. High Energy Lithium Ion Cells
Authors: Lain Michael J. , Brandon James , Kendrick Emma
Published: October 2019

Commercial lithium ion cells are now optimised for either high energy density or high power density. There is a trade off in cell design between the power and energy requirements. A tear down protocol has been developed, to investigate the internal components and cell engineering of nine cylindrical cells, with different power–energy ratios. The cells designed for high power applications used smaller particles of the active material in both the anodes and the cathodes. The cathodes for high power cells had higher porosities, but a similar trend was not observed for the anodes. In terms of cell design, the coat weights and areal capacities were lower for high power cells. The tag arrangements were the same in eight out of nine cells, with tags at each end of the anode, and one tag on the cathode. The thicknesses of the current collectors and separators were based on the best (thinnest) materials available when the cells were designed, rather than materials optimised for power or energy. To obtain high power, the resistance of each component is reduced as low as possible, and the lithium ion diffusion path lengths are minimised. This information illustrates the significant evolution of materials and components in lithium ion cells in recent years, and gives insight into designing higher power cells in the future.
A Comprehensive Study of the Key Enumeration Problem
Authors: Villanueva-Polanco Ricardo
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we will study the key enumeration problem, which is connected to the key recovery problem posed in the cold boot attack setting. In this setting, an attacker with physical access to a computer may obtain noisy data of a cryptographic secret key of a cryptographic scheme from main memory via this data remanence attack. Therefore, the attacker would need a key-recovery algorithm to reconstruct the secret key from its noisy version. We will first describe this attack setting and then pose the problem of key recovery in a general way and establish a connection between the key recovery problem and the key enumeration problem. The latter problem has already been studied in the side-channel attack literature, where, for example, the attacker might procure scoring information for each byte of an Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) key from a side-channel attack and then want to efficiently enumerate and test a large number of complete 16-byte candidates until the correct key is found. After establishing such a connection between the key recovery problem and the key enumeration problem, we will present a comprehensive review of the most outstanding key enumeration algorithms to tackle the latter problem, for example, an optimal key enumeration algorithm (OKEA) and several nonoptimal key enumeration algorithms. Also, we will propose variants to some of them and make a comparison of them, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses.
Information Theoretic Causal Effect Quantification
Authors: Wieczorek Aleksander , Roth Volker
Published: October 2019

Modelling causal relationships has become popular across various disciplines. Most common frameworks for causality are the Pearlian causal directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) and the Neyman-Rubin potential outcome framework. In this paper, we propose an information theoretic framework for causal effect quantification. To this end, we formulate a two step causal deduction procedure in the Pearl and Rubin frameworks and introduce its equivalent which uses information theoretic terms only. The first step of the procedure consists of ensuring no confounding or finding an adjustment set with directed information. In the second step, the causal effect is quantified. We subsequently unify previous definitions of directed information present in the literature and clarify the confusion surrounding them. We also motivate using chain graphs for directed information in time series and extend our approach to chain graphs. The proposed approach serves as a translation between causality modelling and information theory.
Thermally Anisotropic Composites for Improving the Energy Efficiency of Building Envelopes
Authors: Biswas Kaushik , Shrestha Som , Hun Diana , Atchley Jerald
Published: October 2019

This article describes a novel application of thermal anisotropy for improving the energy efficiency of building envelopes. The current work was inspired by existing research on improved heat dissipation in electronics using thermal anisotropy. Past work has shown that thermally anisotropic composites (TACs) can be created by the alternate layering of two dissimilar, isotropic materials. Here, a TAC consisting of alternate layers of rigid foam insulation and thin, high-conductivity aluminum foil was investigated. The TAC was coupled with copper tubes with circulating water that acted as a heat sink and source. The TAC system was applied to a conventional wood-framed wall assembly, and the energy benefits were investigated experimentally and numerically. For experimental testing, large scale test wall specimens were built with and without the TAC system and tested in an environmental chamber under simulated diurnal hot and cold weather conditions. Component-level and whole building numerical simulations were performed to investigate the energy benefits of applying the TAC system to the external walls of a typical, single-family residential building.
Coniferous-Broadleaf Mixture Increases Soil Microbial Biomass and Functions Accompanied by Improved Stand Biomass and Litter Production in Subtropical China
Authors: Wu Wenxiang , Zhou Xiaoguo , Wen Yuanguang , Zhu Hongguang , You Yeming , Qin Zhiwei , Li Yunchou , Huang Xueman , Yan Li , Li Haiyan , Li Xiaoqiong
Published: October 2019

Although the advantages of multi-species plantations over single-species plantations have been widely recognized, the mechanisms driving these advantages remain unclear. In this study, we compared stand biomass, litter production and quality, soil properties, soil microbial community, and functions in a Pinus massoniana Lamb. and Castanopsis hystrix Miq. mixed plantation and their corresponding mono-specific plantations after 34 years afforestation in subtropical China. The results have shown that a coniferous-broadleaf mixture created significantly positive effects on stand biomass, litter production, soil microbial biomass, and activities. Firstly, the tree, shrub and herb biomass, and litter production were significantly higher in the coniferous-broadleaf mixed plantation. Secondly, although the concentrations of soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) were lower in the mixed stand, the concentrations of soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and nitrogen (MBN), along with MBC-to-SOC and MBN-to-TN ratio, were significantly higher in mixed stands with markedly positive admixing effects. We also found higher carbon source utilization ability and β−1, 4−N−acetylglucosaminidase, urease and acid phosphatase activities in mixed stands compared with the mono-species stands. Our results highlight that establishment of coniferous-broadleaf mixed forests may be a good management practice as coniferous-broadleaf mixture could accumulate higher stand biomass and return more litter, resulting in increasing soil microbial biomass and related functions for the long term in subtropical China.
Effect of Treatment with Peptide Extract from Beef Myofibrillar Protein on Oxidative Stress in the Brains of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Lee Seung Yun , Hur Sun Jin
Published: October 2019

This study was conducted to determine the effect of beef peptide extract on oxidative stress in the brains of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). A 3-kDa peptide extract was obtained from beef myofibrillar protein using alkaline-AK (AK3K). Oxidative stress in SHR brains was measured by assessing malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentrations and superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity. The SHR brains treated with the AK3K peptide extract (400 mg/kg body weight, AK3K400) showed a significant decrease in MDA and ROS contents by 0.33 and 23.92 μM, respectively (p < 0.05) compared to the control. The SOD activity for AK3K400 was 61.26%, around 20% higher than the control. Furthermore, the SHRs treated with the AK3K peptide extract showed results similar to those obtained using captopril, a hypertension drug, except for the MDA level. The study demonstrates that the beef peptide extract inhibits the generation of oxidative stress in the SHR brain and could possibly be used for neuronal hypertension therapy.
How to Increase the Analog-to-Digital Converter Speed in Optoelectronic Systems of the Seed Quality Rapid Analyzer
Authors: Sokolov Sergey , Kamenskij Vladislav , Novikov Arthur , Ivetić Vladan
Published: October 2019

This invention is relevant when working as part of optoelectronic systems, including non-destructive quality control of forest seeds. The possibility of synthesis of the ultrafast optical analog-to-digital converter (ADC) providing conversion of analog information to digital in the sub-GHz range is considered. The functional scheme of the optical ADC, containing technologically well-developed optical elements is given; the principle of operation is described in detail. The possibility of increasing the speed of the ADC to make it potentially possible for optical data processing schemes is shown.
Fresh and Aromatic Virgin Olive Oil Obtained from Arbequina, Koroneiki, and Arbosana Cultivars
Authors: Vidal Alfonso M. , Alcalá Sonia , De Torres Antonia , Moya Manuel , Espínola Juan M. , Espínola Francisco
Published: October 2019

Three factors for the extraction of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) were evaluated: diameter of the grid holes of the hammer-crusher, malaxation temperature, and malaxation time. A Box–Behnken design was used to obtain a total of 289 olive oil samples. Twelve responses were analyzed and 204 mathematical models were obtained. Olives from super-intensive rainfed or irrigated crops of the Arbequina, Koroneiki, and Arbosana cultivars at different stages of ripening were used. Malaxation temperature was found to be the factor with the most influence on the total content of lipoxygenase pathway volatile compounds; as the temperature increased, the content of volatile compounds decreased. On the contrary, pigments increased when the malaxation temperature was increased. EVOO from irrigated crops and from the Arbequina cultivar had the highest content of volatile compounds. Olive samples with a lower ripening degree, from the Koroneiki cultivar and from rainfed crops, had the highest content of pigments.
A New Approach of Extraction of α-Amylase/trypsin Inhibitors from Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), Based on Optimization Using Plackett–Burman and Box–Behnken Designs
Authors: Tchewonpi Sagu Sorel , Huschek Gerd , Bönick Josephine , Homann Thomas , Rawel Harshadrai M.
Published: October 2019

Wheat is one of the most consumed foods in the world and unfortunately causes allergic reactions which have important health effects. The α-amylase/trypsin inhibitors (ATIs) have been identified as potentially allergen components of wheat. Due to a lack of data on optimization of ATI extraction, a new wheat ATIs extraction approach combining solvent extraction and selective precipitation is proposed in this work. Two types of wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.), Julius and Ponticus were used and parameters such as solvent type, extraction time, temperature, stirring speed, salt type, salt concentration, buffer pH and centrifugation speed were analyzed using the Plackett-Burman design. Salt concentration, extraction time and pH appeared to have significant effects on the recovery of ATIs (p < 0.01). In both wheat cultivars, Julius and Ponticus, ammonium sulfate substantially reduced protein concentration and inhibition of amylase activity (IAA) compared to sodium chloride. The optimal conditions with desirability levels of 0.94 and 0.91 according to the Doehlert design were: salt concentrations of 1.67 and 1.22 M, extraction times of 53 and 118 min, and pHs of 7.1 and 7.9 for Julius and Ponticus, respectively. The corresponding responses were: protein concentrations of 0.31 and 0.35 mg and IAAs of 91.6 and 83.3%. Electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/MS analysis showed that the extracted ATIs masses were between 10 and 20 kDa. Based on the initial LC-MS/MS analysis, up to 10 individual ATIs were identified in the extracted proteins under the optimal conditions. The positive implication of the present study lies in the quick assessment of their content in different varieties especially while considering their allergenic potential.
Chemical Profile and Multicomponent Quantitative Analysis for the Quality Evaluation of Toad Venom from Different Origins
Authors: Cao Yueting , Wu Jiheng , Pan Hongye , Wang Longhu
Published: October 2019

Toad venom (Chansu), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), has been widely used for treating various cancer. However, it is considerably difficult to evaluate the quality of Chansu due to its complex chemical compositions. Hence, finding the characteristic ingredients and developing a scientific and comprehensive quality evaluation method are essential for guaranteeing the safety and efficacy of Chansu. In this paper, the chemical composition database of Chansu was successfully established and HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS was applied for chemical profiling of the ingredients in Chansu. In total, 157 compounds were identified, including 22 amino acids, 8 alkaloids, 54 bufogenins, 63 bufotoxins, and 10 other compounds. Furthermore, HPLC fingerprints and quantitative analysis of its multicomponent were successfully developed to evaluate the quality consistency of Chansu from different origins. The results suggested that the HPLC fingerprint of Chansu could be divided into an amino acid and alkaloid region, as well as a bufogenins and bufotoxins region. The fingerprint profile of Chansu from different geographical origins were different, indicating that its quality was affected by the geographical factors. In addition, seven characteristic peaks were selected as the quantitative markers to evaluate the quality of the Chansu. The Kruskal–Wallis test illustrated that the contents of seven bufogenins in Chansu were significantly (p < 0.01) different among different origins. The total contents of the seven compounds ranged from 100.40 to 169.22 mg/g in 20 batches of Chansu samples. This study demonstrated that integrating HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS, HPLC fingerprints, and multicomponent quantitative analysis coupled with chemometrics was a comprehensive and reliable strategy for evaluation of Chansu in both qualitative and quantitative aspects. In addition, our study represented the most comprehensive characterization on the chemical compositions of Chansu, which could provide important reference information for the discovery of potential bioactive compounds.
Phenomenological Inferences on the Kinetics of a Mechanically Activated Knoevenagel Condensation: Understanding the “Snowball” Kinetic Effect in Ball Milling
Authors: Carta Maria , James Stuart L. , Delogu Francesco
Published: October 2019

We focus on understanding the kinetics of a mechanically activated Knoevenagel condensation conducted in a ball mill, that is characterized by sigmoidal kinetics and the formation of a rubber-like cohesive intermediate state coating the milling ball. The previously described experimental findings are explained using a phenomenological kinetic model. It is assumed that reactants transform into products already at the very first collision of the ball with the wall of the jar. The portion of reactants that are transformed into products during each oscillation is taken to be a fraction of the amount of material that is trapped between the ball and the wall of the jar. This quantity is greater when the reaction mixture transforms from its initial powder form to the rubber-like cohesive coating on the ball. Further, the amount of reactants processed in each collision varies proportionally with the total area of the layer coating the ball. The total area of this coating layer is predicted to vary with the third power of time, thus accounting for the observed dramatic increase of the reaction rate. Supporting experiments, performed using a polyvinyl acetate adhesive as a nonreactive but cohesive material, confirm that the coating around the ball grows with the third power of time.
Near-Field Enhancement and Polarization Selection of a Nano-System for He-Ne Laser Application
Authors: Wang Qiao , Chu Shuwen , Yu Li , Gao Huixuan , Peng Wei
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we focus on transmission behavior based on the single aperture with a scatter. Both the near-field enhancement and polarization selection can be achieved numerically with a proposed nano-system under He-Ne laser wavelength. The nano-system consists of an Ag antenna, a wafer layer, an Ag film with an aperture and a dielectric substrate. Numerical results show that the near-field enhancement is related to the FP-like resonance base on surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) in the metal–isolator–metal (MIM) waveguide for transverse magnetic (TM) polarization. The near-field optical spot is confined at the aperture export with a maximal electric intensity 20 times the value of the incident field for an antenna length of 430 nm. The transmission cutoff phenomenon for transverse electric (TE) polarization is because the transmission is forbidden for smaller aperture width. High extinction ratios of 9.6 × 10 − 8 (or 70.2 dB) and 4.4 × 10 − 8 (or 73.6 dB) with antenna lengths of 130 nm and 430 nm are achieved numerically with the nano-system. The polarization selective property has a good angular tolerance for oblique angles smaller than 15°. The spectral response is also investigated. We further demonstrate that the nano-system is applicable for another incident wavelength of 500 nm. Our investigation may be beneficial for the detection of polar molecules or local nano polarized nanosource.
Multisensor Multi-Target Tracking Based on GM-PHD Using Out-Of-Sequence Measurements
Authors: Liu Meiqin , Huai Tianyi , Zheng Ronghao , Zhang Senlin
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we study the issue of out-of-sequence measurement (OOSM) in a multi-target scenario to improve tracking performance. The OOSM is very common in tracking systems, and it would result in performance degradation if we used it inappropriately. Thus, OOSM should be fully utilized as far as possible. To improve the performance of the tracking system and use OOSM sufficiently, firstly, the problem of OOSM is formulated. Then the classical B1 algorithm for OOSM problem of single target tracking is given. Next, the random finite set (RFS)-based Gaussian mixture probability hypothesis density (GM-PHD) is introduced. Consequently, we derived the equation for re-updating of posterior intensity with OOSM. Implementation of GM-PHD using OOSM is also given. Finally, several simulations are given, and results show that tracking performance of GM-PHD using OOSM is better than GM-PHD using in-sequence measurement (ISM), which can strongly demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed algorithm.
A Zwitterionic Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatographic Photo Diode Array Method as a Tool to Investigate Oxalic Acid in Bees: Comparison with Mass Spectrometric Methods
Authors: Kasiotis Konstantinos M. , Manea-Karga Electra , Machera Kyriaki
Published: October 2019

Background: Oxalic acid constitutes beekeepers′ leading choice for the battle of the parasitic mite Varroa destructor considering its efficacy, low cost, and easy application. Nevertheless, its broad use and reported synergistic effects prompted us to explore analytical methodologies for its determination in honeybees, especially after death incidents. Methods: The extraction of oxalic acid from bees was conducted by applying a simplified water extraction protocol. Oxalic acid′s content in honeybees was investigated through a novel zwiterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatographic coupled to photo diode array (ZIC-HILIC-PDA) method and paralleled to gas/liquid chromatographic mass spectrometric methods. Results: The analytical method was validated, exhibiting a sufficient limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.46 μg/g bee bw and precision and accuracy within the acceptable statistical limits as expressed by the relative standard deviation (RSD%) obtained from repeatability-reproducibility and recovery studies <12.5%. The application of the analytical method to 45 real honeybee samples demonstrated a fluctuation of oxalic acid’s concentrations from 1.6 to 1202.4 μg/g bee bw, verifying its frequent use in apiculture, exemplified by an overall 19% of positive samples. Conclusions: ZIC-HILIC-PDA proves a pivotal and alternative method to mass spectrometry tools in the determination of oxalic acid and other organic acids in honeybees and pertinent commodities.
Tradeoff between Hydropower and River Visual Landscape Services in Mountainous Areas
Authors: Fu Bin , Li Naiwen
Published: October 2019

Water retention is one of the important services provided by ecosystems. Water retention is also the basis for multiple other services, such as hydropower development, river continuity, and biodiversity. However, there are clear tradeoffs among these services. Tradeoffs are already a hot topic in ecosystem services research, but the tradeoff between hydropower and river visual landscape services (RVLS) has not yet been investigated. In this study, we used the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs (InVEST) hydropower model for spatial mapping of watershed services. The proportion of the inflow of power stations to annual flow was proposed as the indicator for RVLS. Finally, based on an evaluation of historical hydropower development, different flow recovery scenarios were set up, and the tradeoff relationship between hydropower and landscape services was analyzed. The results showed that the tradeoff between the hydropower service and RVLS in mainstream displayed obvious spatial and temporal changes. With the development of hydropower, the increase of hydropower services caused a rapid decline in RVLS. The difference of two service scores fell from 1.0 in 1958 to 0.52 in 2015. The tradeoff intensity showed a turbulent decline downstream, which was closely related to the cascades’ development. The tradeoff was reversible. Through the flow scheduling of the reservoir group, the RVLS of each river section can be basically restored, while the hydropower service decline was only 29%.
Rotor Field Oriented Control of Resonant Wireless Electrically Excited Synchronous Motor
Authors: Bao Yong , Zhong Zaimin , Hu Chengyu , Qin Yijin
Published: October 2019

In order to solve the problems of wear and spark of the brush and slip ring in an electrically excited synchronous motor (EESM), based on the principle of magnetic resonance coupling wireless power transfer (MRC-WPT), a resonant wireless excitation system of EESM is designed. By modeling the EESM and analyzing the rotor field oriented control (RFOC) method, a control system of the resonant wireless EESM (RW-EESM) is established. Furthermore, the stator current distribution strategy is analyzed. Finally, a test of the RE-EESM prototype is carried out. The test results show that the motor can realize no-load stable operation, and the test speed is maintained at 85 r/min. The results show that the wireless excitation scheme of EESM is feasible, and the RFOC of RW-EESM motor is reasonable.
OBTENDO SUCESSO EM M�TODOS �GEIS COM SCRUM: ESTUDO SOBRE FATORES RELACIONADOS AO TRABALHO EM EQUIPE.
Authors: Andrade Vinicius Santos
Published: October 2019

M�todos �geis v�m sendo cada vez mais utilizados em projetos de desenvolvimento de software. Devido sua complexidade, existem diversos fatores que levam ao fracasso da implementa��o da metodologia. Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar os fatores descritos por Mike Cohn, relacionados a trabalho em equipe para obten��o de sucesso em m�todos �geis com Scrum.
DESENVOLVIMENTO DO SOFTWARE GERADOR DE EDITAIS PARA GANHO DE QUALIDADE E TEMPO NO PROCESSO DE LICITA��ES DE �RG�O PUBLICOS: ESTUDO DE CASO NA FUNDA��O FLORESTAL
Authors: Dorth Matheus Carvalho
Published: October 2019

Os procedimentos que s�o feitos para a cria��o de um edital trouxeram �tona um problema de perda de tempo devido a tantas corre��es que s�o feitas de diferentes setores, trazendo uma realidade para qual necessitam de um m�todo mais �gil. Esse artigo tem como objetivo estudar o desenvolvimento de um software para gerar editais pr�-moldados podem contribuir nos processos na Funda��o Florestal.
PENGARUH PEMANFAATAN BAHAN AJAR AUDIO VISUAL DAN KREATIVITAS BELAJAR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
Authors: S.Pd Khasanah , Heryanti Nita
Published: October 2019

1) Perbedaan hasil belajar IPA antara kelompok siswa yang menggunakan bahanajar audio visual dan bahan ajar modul, 2) Pengaruh Interaksi antara kreativitas belajardan bahan ajar terhadap hasil belajar IPA, 3)Perbedaan hasil belajar IPA yangmenggunakan bahan ajar audio visual dan bahan ajar modul pada siswa yang mempunyakreativitas belajar tinggi, 4) Perbedaan hasil belajar IPA yang menggunakan bahan ajaraudio visual dengan bahan ajar modul pada siswa yang memiliki kreativitas belajar rendah.Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode eksperimen dengan menggunakan rancangan groupfactorial 2x2. Target pada penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas VI SDIT Nurul FikriDepok. Populasi terjangkau terdiri dari 66 siswa yang terdiri dari masing-masing kelasadalah 33 siswa, Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik pengambilan secara acak atau randomsampling dari empat kelas didapat dua kelas sample yang terdiri dari kelas control sebanyak33 siswa dan kelas eksperimen sebanyak 33 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hipotesis danpembahasan maka disimpulkan hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan bahan ajar audiovisual lebih baik daripada siswa yang menggunakan bahan ajar modul. Kedua, adanyainteraksi penggunaan bahan ajar audio visual dan kreativitas terhadap hasil belajar IPA.Ketiga Siswa yang menggunakan bahan ajar audio visual memiliki kreativitas lebih tinggidaripada siswa yang menggunakan bahan ajar modul. Keempat, siswa yang kreativitasnyarendah tidak berpengaruh pada hasil belajar dalam menggunakan bahan ajar audio visualdan bahan ajar. Berdasarkan hasil temuan tersebut di atas dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwapemanfaatan bahan ajar audio visual cukup efektif untuk meningkatkan kreativitas danmeningkatkan hasil belajar IPA.Abstrak meliputi: latar belakang penelitian, tujuanpenelitian, metode penelitian, hasil penelitian, dan kesimpulan penelitian yang ditulis secarasingkat dalam kesatuan. Jumlah kata dalam abstrak : maksimal 250 kata (satu halaman),dalam 1 alinea, dengan kata kunci (key word) 3-5 kata. (PTK-Abstrak-Isi
PENINGKATAN KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS LAPORAN OBSERVASI MELALUI PENGAMATAN KEMASAN BEKAS MINUMAN PADA SISWA KELAS X IPA 5 SMA NEGERI 8 BANDA ACEH
Authors: S.Pd Khadijah
Published: October 2019

The main objective of this research is to acquire information on improving textwriting skill of student observation of Grade X, Physics major 5 at SMA Negeri 8 Banda Acehthrough observation of used can drinks. This research applied a classroom action methodwhich was undertaken at SMA Negeri 8 Banda Aceh in 2017. This investigation is carried outon the basis of several stages: planning, classroom action implementation, observation andevaluation. The subject of this research is selected by using a purposive sampling, that is,students of grade X, physics major, SMA Negeri 8 Banda Aceh. the data are collected basedon tests and observation. The data were analyzed by utilizing qualitative analysis. The resultsof research indicated that writing of text observation through observation of used can drinkssucceededinimprovingstudents’writingskillobservation.Theimprovementoccurredintheform of (1) individual students (100%) who reached the scores over 70
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL PEMBELAJARAN DENGAN MODEL DICK AND CAREY PADA PELAJARAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM BAGI SISWA KELAS 5 DI SDIT IQRO
Authors: M. Arif Khairan , NA Verawati
Published: October 2019

Tujuan pengembangan paket pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam adalah untukmenghasilkan paket pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam yang memfasilitasipembelajaran pembentukan sikap atau aspek afektif dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitasproses dan hasil pembelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam. Model yang digunakan dalammengembangkan paket pembelajaran ini adalah model Dick & Carey (2001). Model initerdiri dari 10 langkah, namun dalam pengembangan ini hanya dilakukan sampai 9 langkahkarena keterbatasan waktu dan biaya. Langkah-langkah tersebut adalah: (1) Analisiskebutuhan untuk menentukan tujuan, (2) Analisis pembelajaran, (3) Identifikasi perilaku awaldan karakteristik pebelajar, (4) Merumuskan TPK, (5) Mengembangkan butir-butir tes, (6)Mengembangkan srategi pembelajaran, (7) Memilih dan mengembangkan materi, (8)melakukan evaluasi formatif, (9) Merevisi pembelajaran. Pemilihan penggunaan model Dick& Carey dalam pengembangan desain pembelajaran ini didasarkan pada beberapa alasan,yaitu: (1) Materi mata pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam merupakan materi yangpenyajiannya memerlukan urutan-urutan tertentu secara sistematis. Misalnya, pada materiSurat-surat Al-Qur`an terdiri dari materi bacaan surat, arti surat, dan kajian surat dimanapenyajiannya tidak boleh ditukar-tukar. Sifat-sifat materi seperti ini sangat sesuai untukdikembangkan dengan model Dick & Carey, (2) Menurut beberapa penelitian bahwapemanfaatan sumber belajar berupa paket pembelajaran model Dick & Carey secara efektifdapat meningkatkan hasil belajar. Produk pengembangan berupa paket pembelajaran yangterdiri atas bahan ajar, panduan guru dan panduan siswa diujicobakan melalui evaluasiformatif yang meliputi beberapa tahap yaitu: review ahli isi materi, review ahli desain danmedia pembelajaran, uji coba perorangan, uji coba kelompok kecil. Data hasil evaluasiformatif berupa saran, tanggapan dan penilaian dari subjek uji coba digunakan sebagaimasukan untuk merevisi dan menyempurnakan paket pembelajaran yang dihasilkan. Hasilahli isi materi maupun dari uji ahli desain komponen bahan ajar menunjukkan pada kategorisangat baik dengan persentase padaahli isi 86%, ahli desain 75%, tanggapan siswa 89,5%dan tanggapan guru 80%
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN ELABORASI DENGAN BERPIKIR KREATIF TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR TEMATIK BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Marwani Lisna , Nurningsih Sri
Published: October 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui 1) Hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesiakelompok siswa yang diajar dengan model elaborasi lebih tinggi daripada kelompok siswayang diajar dengan model kooperatif. 2) Terdapat Pengaruh interaksi antara modelpembelajaran dan berpikir kreatif siswa terhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia. 3) Hasilbelajar Bahasa Indonesia pada siswa yang memiliki berpikir kreatif tinggi lebih tinggi jikadiajarkan dengan model elaborasi daripada menggunakan model pembelajaraan kooperatif4) Hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia pada siswa yang memiliki berpikir kreatif rendah lebihrendah jika diajarkan dengan model elaborasi daripada menggunakan model pembelajaraankooperatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan model eksperimen dengan desain Factorial group2x2 Populasi terjangkau dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas III SDIA 23 Jatikramat,sampel diambil menggunakan Teknik random sampling, sehingga sampel sebanyak 60 siswa,yang terdiri dari 29 siswa untuk kelompok eksperimen dan 31 siswa untuk kelompok kontrol.Pengambilan data menggunakan instrument tes untuk hasil belajar dan non tes untuk berpikirkreatif. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis infrensialBerdasarkan hasil analisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif pada kelas eksperimenyakni nilai rata-rata adalah 21,90 sedangkan kelas kontrol nilai rata-rata adalah 20,80. Hasilanalisis inferensial ada uji ANAVA diperolah p-value varibel model < 0,05 (0,022<0,05)berarti Ho ditolak. Kemudian diperoleh nilai p-value interaksi model dan berpikir kreatif<0,05 (0,00 < 0,05) berarti Ho ditolak, pada uji Turkey diperoleh p-value A1B1-A2B1 < 0,05(0,00<0,05)berarti Ho ditolak, dan p-value A1B2-A2B2 < 0.05 (0.042<0,05) berarti Hoditolak. Hasil penelitian menunujukkan 1) hasil belajar siswa yang menggunakan modelelaborasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan model pembelajaran kooperatif. 2) terdapat pengaruhinteraksi antara siswa yang menggunakan model pembelajaran dan berpikir kreatif siswaterhadap hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia 3) Hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia pada siswa yangmemiliki berpikir kreatif tinggi lebih tinggi dengan model elaborasi daripada menggunakanmodel kooperatif 4) Hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia pada siswa yang memiliki berpikirkreatif rendah lebih rendah dengan model elaborasi daripada menggunakan modelpembelajaraan kooperatif. kesimpulan yang diperoleh dari penlitian ini adalah modelpembelajaran elaborasi cocok digunakan dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia dengansiswa yang memilki berpikir kreatif tinggi
EVALUASI KUALITAS KERJASAMA AKADEMIK UIA DENGAN MITRA
Authors: Budiningsih Iffah , Lubis Efridani
Published: October 2019

The aim of this cooperation is the evaluative research to know the level ofeffectiveness and efficiency of the implementation of UIA cooperation with partners, sothat the results can be used to repair either substance and the implementation ofcooperation in the future. Evaluation methods using survey with samples as many as 65people were taken simple random from a population of 168 target fixed lecturer in UIA TA2017/2018. Data analysis using descriptive with SPSS program. The result of thisresearch show that opinions of the fixed lecttures about the quality of cooperation withpartners from both the domestic and overseas: highly optimum = 1.5%;, Optimum =44.7%; moderate optimum = 36.9%; less than optimum = 15.54% and very less thanoptimum = 1.5%. The average opinion of the respondents = 3.23 score , that means thequality of collaboration with UIA partners shows quality of "moderate optimum"; and thisneeds to be improve.