bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient radioactive gas detection by scintillating porous metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Orfano Matteo , Perego Jacopo , Cova Francesca , Bezuidenhout Charl X. , Piva Sergio , Dujardin Christophe , Sabot Benoit , Pierre Sylvie , Mai Pavlo , Daniel Christophe , Bracco Silvia , Vedda Anna , Comotti Angiolina , Monguzzi Angelo
Published: May 2023

Natural and anthropogenic gas radionuclides such as radon, xenon, hydrogen and krypton isotopes must be monitored to be managed as pathogenic agents, radioactive diagnostic agents or nuclear activity indicators. State-of-the-art detectors based on liquid scintillators suffer from laborious preparation and limited solubility for gases, which affect the accuracy of the measurements. The actual challenge is to find solid scintillating materials simultaneously capable of concentrating radioactive gases and efficiently producing visible light revealed with high sensitivity. The high porosity, combined with the use of scintillating building blocks in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), offers the possibility to satisfy these requisites. We demonstrate the capability of a hafnium-based MOF incorporating dicarboxy-9,10-diphenylanthracene as a scintillating conjugated ligand to detect gas radionuclides. Metal–organic frameworks show fast scintillation, a fluorescence yield of ∼40%, and accessible porosity suitable for hosting noble gas atoms and ions. Adsorption and detection of 85Kr, 222Rn and 3H radionuclides are explored through a newly developed device that is based on a time coincidence technique. Metal–organic framework crystalline powder demonstrated an improved sensitivity, showing a linear response down to a radioactivity value below 1 kBq m−3 for 85Kr, which outperforms commercial devices. These results support the possible use of scintillating porous MOFs to fabricate sensitive detectors of natural and anthropogenic radionuclides.
Integrated microbiome-metabolome-genome axis data of Laiwu and Lulai pigs
Authors: Lai Xueshuang , Zhang Zhenyang , Zhang Zhe , Liu Shengqiang , Bai Chunyan , Chen Zitao , Qadri Qamar Raza , Fang Yifei , Wang Zhen , Pan Yuchun , Wang Qishan
Published: May 2023

Excessive fat deposition can trigger metabolic diseases, and it is crucial to identify factors that can break the link between fat deposition and metabolic diseases. Healthy obese Laiwu pigs (LW) are high in fat content but resistant to metabolic diseases. In this study, we compared the fecal microbiome, fecal and blood metabolome, and genome of LW and Lulai pigs (LU) to identify factors that can block the link between fat deposition and metabolic diseases. Our results show significant differences in Spirochetes and Treponema, which are involved in carbohydrate metabolism, between LW and LU. The fecal and blood metabolome composition was similar, and some anti-metabolic disease components of blood metabolites were different between the two breeds of pigs. The predicted differential RNA is mainly enriched in lipid metabolism and glucose metabolism, which is consistent with the functions of differential microbiota and metabolites. The down-regulated gene RGP1 is strongly negatively correlated with Treponema. Our omics data would provide valuable resources for further scientific research on healthy obesity in both human and porcine.
The effect of cranial techniques on the heart rate variability response to psychological stress test in firefighter cadets
Authors: Wójcik Małgorzata , Siatkowski Idzi
Published: May 2023

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a simple tool to monitor cardiovascular stress. The proper function of the cardiovascular system is a problem among firefighters. Physical activity has health benefits correlated with psychological stress. Physically active people should be more resilient to psychological stress, but this has not always been demonstrated. The aim of this study was to determine whether cranial techniques would have an effect on HRV parameters. Osteopathy in the cranium reduces stress and improves cardiovascular function. Fifty-seven firefighter cadets aged 18–24 years (21.63 ± 1.41) participated in the study. All subjects had their heart rate variability measured and were randomly assigned either to the cranial techniques (CS) group, with therapy performed once a week for 5 weeks), or to the control group (CO). After 5 weeks, heart rate variability was measured again in both groups. In the Friedman test, in the CS group there was a statistically significant effect of cranial techniques on Heart Rate (HR) and Low Frequency (LF), but not on High Frequency (HF); in the CO group, a statistically significant difference was observed for HR, HF and LF. In the Nemenyi test, in the CS group there was a statistically significant difference for HR and LF and in the CO group for HR, HF and LF. After applying hierarchical clustering with Euclidean measure and the complete method, dendrograms were drawn up showing similarities for HR, HF and LF values. The cranial techniques and touch might exert a beneficial effect on HRV. Both factors can be used in stressful situations to lower HRV.
Provisioning ecotourism does not increase tiger shark site fidelity
Authors: Séguigne Clémentine , Bègue Michel , Meyer Carl , Mourier Johann , Clua Éric
Published: May 2023

A perennial criticism of provisioning ecotourism is that it alters the natural behavior and ecology of the target species by providing an artificial food source. Here we evaluate its impact on the long-term site fidelity patterns of tiger sharks in French Polynesia. We hypothesized that a significant impact of provisioning would lead to (1) increases in individual site fidelity over time, and (2) an increase in the number of resident individuals over time. Of 53 individuals photo-identified and monitored during > 500 dives over five years, 10 individuals accounted for > 75% of all sightings, whereas 35 sharks were sighted very infrequently. Even the most frequently observed tiger sharks exhibited overall low fidelity at the site and showed no increase in site fidelity over time. Furthermore, the number of tiger sharks sighted during each dive did not increase. The observed patterns of tiger shark sightings were best explained by natural movements, including general roaming within home ranges along the coastline and seasonal migrations. Despite the apparent lack of impact of provisioning ecotourism on tiger shark ecology in Tahitian waters, it would be prudent to implement a strict code of conduct during any future provisioning activities to maximize the safety of participants and animals involved.
Black electrochromic ink with a straightforward method using copper oxide nanoparticle suspension
Authors: Jeong Chan Yang , Watanabe Hiroshi , Tajima Kazuki
Published: May 2023

Electrochromic (EC) materials for smart windows must exhibit a dark colour and block visible light (wavelength = 380–780 nm) to reduce environmental impact. In particular, black tones are also desired, and there are many reports of attempts to create these dark tones using organic materials such as polymers. However, their fabrication methods are complicated, expensive, and may even use hazardous substances; moreover, they are often not sufficiently durable, such as upon exposure to ultraviolet light. There are some reported cases of black materials using the CuO system as an inorganic material, but the synthesis method was complicated and the functionality was not stable. We have found a method to synthesize CuO nanoparticles by simply heating basic copper carbonate and adjusting the pH with citric acid to easily obtain a suspension. The formation and functionality of CuO thin films were also demonstrated using the developed suspension. This research will enable the creation of EC smart windows using existing inorganic materials and methods, such as printing technology, and is the first step towards developing environment-friendly, cost-effective, and functional dark inorganic materials.
Importance analysis of psychosociological variables in frailty syndrome in heart failure patients using machine learning approach
Authors: Pasieczna Aleksandra Helena , Szczepanowski Remigiusz , Sobecki Janusz , Katarzyniak Radosław , Uchmanowicz Izabella , Gobbens Robbert J. J. , Kahsin Aleksander , Dixit Anant
Published: May 2023

The prevention and diagnosis of frailty syndrome (FS) in cardiac patients requires innovative systems to support medical personnel, patient adherence, and self-care behavior. To do so, modern medicine uses a supervised machine learning approach (ML) to study the psychosocial domains of frailty in cardiac patients with heart failure (HF). This study aimed to determine the absolute and relative diagnostic importance of the individual components of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) questionnaire in patients with HF. An exploratory analysis was performed using machine learning algorithms and the permutation method to determine the absolute importance of frailty components in HF. Based on the TFI data, which contain physical and psychosocial components, machine learning models were built based on three algorithms: a decision tree, a random decision forest, and the AdaBoost Models classifier. The absolute weights were used to make pairwise comparisons between the variables and obtain relative diagnostic importance. The analysis of HF patients’ responses showed that the psychological variable TFI20 diagnosing low mood was more diagnostically important than the variables from the physical domain: lack of strength in the hands and physical fatigue. The psychological variable TFI21 linked with agitation and irritability was diagnostically more important than all three physical variables considered: walking difficulties, lack of hand strength, and physical fatigue. In the case of the two remaining variables from the psychological domain (TFI19, TFI22), and for all variables from the social domain, the results do not allow for the rejection of the null hypothesis. From a long-term perspective, the ML based frailty approach can support healthcare professionals, including psychologists and social workers, in drawing their attention to the non-physical origins of HF.
A synthetic population-level oscillator in non-microfluidic environments
Authors: Gu Fei , Jiang Wei , Kang Fangbing , Su Tianyuan , Yang Xiaoya , Qi Qingsheng , Liang Quanfeng
Published: May 2023

Synthetic oscillators have become a research hotspot because of their complexity and importance. The construction and stable operation of oscillators in large-scale environments are important and challenging. Here, we introduce a synthetic population-level oscillator in Escherichia coli that operates stably during continuous culture in non-microfluidic environments without the addition of inducers or frequent dilution. Specifically, quorum-sensing components and protease regulating elements are employed, which form delayed negative feedback to trigger oscillation and accomplish the reset of signals through transcriptional and post-translational regulation. We test the circuit in devices with 1 mL, 50 mL, 400 mL of medium, and demonstrate that the circuit could maintain stable population-level oscillations. Finally, we explore potential applications of the circuit in regulating cellular morphology and metabolism. Our work contributes to the design and testing of synthetic biological clocks that function in large populations.
Molybdate ionic liquids as halide-free catalysts for CO2 fixation into epoxides
Authors: Bragato Nicola , Perosa Alvise , Selva Maurizio , Fiorani Giulia , Calmanti Roberto
Published: May 2023

Molybdate ionic liquids active for CO2 fixation into terminal and internal epoxides without any added halide co-catalysts are described. 95Mo-NMR spectra demonstrate the interaction and activation of CO2 with MoO4 species.
Aryldimethylelement cations of the heavier group 14 elements. An essentially three-coordinate plumbylium ion
Authors: Janssen Marvin , Mebs Stefan , Beckmann Jens
Published: May 2023

The first essentially three-coordinated plumbylium cation [RindMe2Pb]+ was obtained with the aid of a bulky and rigid Rind substituent (Rind = dispiro[fluorene-9,3′-(1′,1′,7′,7′-tetramethyl-s-hydrindacen-4′-yl)-5′,9′′-fluorene).
A N/S co-doped free-standing carbon electrode derived from waste facial masks for anti-freezing flexible quasi-solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Ye Yong , Zhang Hongchuan , Shi Yu , Liu Yijang , Li Huaming , Wang Zhiyu , Yang Mei , Liu Bei
Published: May 2023

A low-cost N/S co-doped carbon cloth is made by pyrolysis recycling of waste facial masks as robust free-standing electrodes for flexible anti-freezing quasi-solid-state supercapacitors with high energy and good low temperature adaptability.
Colloidal crystals of monodisperse fluoro-nanoparticles by aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly
Authors: An Nankai , Chen Xi , Zheng Mingxin , Yuan Jinying
Published: May 2023

This work presents the effective preparation of monodisperse fluoro-nanoparticles by polymerization-induced self-assembly and the convenient formation of well-defined 2D/3D colloidal lattices via solvent evaporation-induced colloidal self-assembly.
Co-doping of a La5Ti2Cu0.9Ag0.1O7S5 photocatalyst (λ < 700 nm) with Ga and Al to enhance photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Wang Xiaojun , Pan Zhenhua , Vequizo Junie Jhon M. , Hisatomi Takashi , Nandy Swarnava , Higashi Tomohiro , Lin Lihua , Xiao Jiadong , Takata Tsuyoshi , Yamakata Akira , Yan Wei , Domen Kazunari
Published: May 2023

Co-doping a La5Ti2Cu0.9Ag0.1O7S5(LTCA) photocatalyst with Ga3+ and Al3+ increases hole conductivity and facilitates electron transfer to the Rh cocatalyst.
The high fluorescence sensitivity property and quenching mechanism of one-dimensional Cd-HCIA-1 sensor for nitrobenzene
Authors: Song Xiaoming , Dong Wenzhuo , Hou Xiufang , Zhao Qingxia , Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Ren Yixia
Published: May 2023

A novel Cd(ii) coordination polymer (Cd-HCIA-1) was prepared and fluorescence quenching mechanisms were studied.
A total scattering study of prenucleation structures in saturated aqueous magnesium sulfate – observation of extended clusters
Authors: Irving Daniel J. M. , Light Mark E. , Rhodes Matilda P. , Threlfall Terence , Headen Thomas F.
Published: May 2023

The first combined neutron and X-ray total scattering study of aqueous magnesium sulfate revealing extended chains of coordinated ions.
Cost-effective screen printing approach for Ce/Nd-doped ZnAl2O4 films: tuning crystallinity induced by the substrate
Authors: Rojas-Hernandez Rocio E. , Rubio-Marcos Fernando , Necib Jallouli , Danilson Mati , Fernandez José F. , Hussainova Irina
Published: May 2023

Novel insights into the synthesis of near infrared (NIR) luminescent films based on ZnAl2O4:Ce,Nd for next-generation functional devices.
Morphodynamics of dendrite growth in alumina based all solid-state sodium metal batteries
Authors: Geng Lin , Xue Dingchuan , Yao Jingming , Dai Qiushi , Sun Haiming , Zhu Dingding , Rong Zhaoyu , Fang Ruyue , Zhang Xuedong , Su Yong , Yan Jitong , Harris Stephen J. , Ichikawa Satoshi , Zhang Liqiang , Tang Yongfu , Zhang Sulin , Huang Jianyu
Published: May 2023

Atomic scale imaging revealed that the deposition/stripping of Na from the β′′-Al2O3 solid electrolyte causes delamination cracks and the closure of the conduction planes.
Colorimetric hydrogen peroxide and glucose sensors based on the destruction of micelle-protected iron(ii) complex probes
Authors: Kangkamano Tawatchai , Witsapan Warakorn , Numnuam Apon , Subba Jas Raj , Jayeoye Titilope John
Published: May 2023

A new strategy for the simple spectrophotometric measurement of H2O2 and glucose was developed based on the destruction of micelle probes.
Site-selective nucleophilic substitution reactions of pentafluoropyridine with hydroxybenzaldehydes: synthesis of triarylmethanes comprising perfluoropyridine moieties
Authors: Vari Zahra , Ranjbar-Karimi Reza , Mohammadiannejad Kazem
Published: May 2023

The site-selective nucleophilic attacks of hydroxybenzaldehydes on PFP were used to prepare several perfluoropyridinated (oxy)benzaldehydes. The F-C alkylation reaction of arenes/heteroarenes with the derived products under SSA catalysis afforded novel fluorinated TRAMs.
Synthesis of 2-trifluoromethyl benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles, and benzothiazoles via condensation of diamines or amino(thio)phenols with CF3CN
Authors: Lin Bo , Yao Yunfei , Wu Minze , Qin Lu , Chen Shouxiong , You Yi , Weng Zhiqiang
Published: May 2023

A new method for the synthesis of 2-trifluoromethyl benzimidazoles, benzoxazoles, and benzothiazoles via the condensation of diamines or amino(thio)phenols with in situ generated CF3CN is developed.
Mechanisms of impairment of interferon production by SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Hoang Huy-Dung , Naeli Parisa , Alain Tommy , Jafarnejad Seyed Mehdi
Published: May 2023

Interferons (IFNs) are crucial components of the cellular innate immune response to viral infections. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown a remarkable capacity to suppress the host IFN production to benefit viral replication and spread. Thus far, of the 28 known virus-encoded proteins, 16 have been found to impair the host's innate immune system at various levels ranging from detection and signaling to transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of expression of the components of the cellular antiviral response. Additionally, there is evidence that the viral genome encodes non-protein-coding microRNA-like elements that could also target IFN-stimulated genes. In this brief review, we summarise the current state of knowledge regarding the factors and mechanisms by which SARS-CoV-2 impairs the production of IFNs and thereby dampens the host's innate antiviral immune response.
Adaptive diversity in structure and function of C4 photosynthetic components
Authors: Alvarez Clarisa E. , Maurino Veronica G.
Published: May 2023

Many tropical and subtropical plant lineages have independently evolved C4 photosynthesis. The convergent evolution of this complex functional trait from different ancestors is reflected in variations in the structural and biochemical characteristics of C4 components such as enzymes and cellular specializations. The mechanism of C4 carbon concentration mostly involves coordinated function of mesophyll and bundle sheath cells. Important adaptations of the C4 syndrome include increased vein density and the development of photosynthetic bundle sheath cells with low gas conductance. In addition, the enzymes and transporters of the C4 pathway evolved via the co-option of multiple genes, each derived from a specific lineage of isoforms present in nonC4-ancestors. In particular, the adaptation of C4 enzymes resulted in a variety of structural and biochemical modifications, generally leading to increased catalytic efficiency and regulation by metabolites and post-translational modifications. Differences in these adaptations are particularly evident in the C4-acid decarboxylation step, which can be catalyzed by three decarboxylases that define the C4 subtypes. Associated with the biochemical subtypes, there are also differences in the extend of grana staking and localization of bundle sheath cells chloroplasts. The presence of a suberin layer and symplastic connections also likely vary among the different C4-subtypes. This review examines the current understanding of the diversity of structural and functional changes in key components of the C4 carbon concentration mechanism. This knowledge is necessary not only to identify divergent solutions for convergent optimization of C4 components in different C4 lineages, but also to guide their creation for rational synthetic biology approaches.
New insights into the pathophysiology and therapeutic targets of asthma and comorbid chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis
Authors: Striz Ilja , Golebski Kornel , Strizova Zuzana , Loukides Stelios , Bakakos Petros , Hanania Nicola A. , Jesenak Milos , Diamant Zuzana
Published: May 2023

Asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) or without (CRSsNP) are chronic respiratory diseases. These two disorders often co-exist based on common anatomical, immunological, histopathological, and pathophysiological basis. Usually, asthma with comorbid CRSwNP is driven by type 2 (T2) inflammation which predisposes to more severe, often intractable, disease.

In the past two decades, innovative technologies and detection techniques in combination with newly introduced targeted therapies helped shape our understanding of the immunological pathways underlying inflammatory airway diseases and to further identify several distinct clinical and inflammatory subsets to enhance the development of more effective personalized treatments. Presently, a number of targeted biologics has shown clinical efficacy in patients with refractory T2 airway inflammation, including anti-IgE (omalizumab), anti-IL-5 (mepolizumab, reslizumab)/anti-IL5R (benralizumab), anti-IL-4R-α (anti-IL-4/IL-13, dupilumab), and anti-TSLP (tezepelumab). In non-type-2 endotypes, no targeted biologics have consistently shown clinical efficacy so far. Presently, multiple therapeutical targets are being explored including cytokines, membrane molecules and intracellular signalling pathways to further expand current treatment options for severe asthma with and without comorbid CRSwNP. In this review, we discuss existing biologics, those under development and share some views on new horizons.
Perivascular tumor-associated macrophages and their role in cancer progression
Authors: Bahri Meriem , Anstee Joanne E. , Opzoomer James W. , Arnold James N.
Published: May 2023

Perivascular (Pv) tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are a highly specialized stromal subset within the tumor microenvironment (TME) that are defined by their spatial proximity, within one cell thickness, to blood vasculature. PvTAMs have been demonstrated to support a variety of pro-tumoral functions including angiogenesis, metastasis, and modulating the immune and stromal landscape. Furthermore, PvTAMs can also limit the response of anti-cancer and anti-angiogenic therapies and support tumor recurrence post-treatment. However, their role may not exclusively be pro-tumoral as PvTAMs can also have immune-stimulatory capabilities. PvTAMs are derived from a monocyte progenitor that develop and localize to the Pv niche as part of a multistep process which relies on a series of signals from tumor, endothelial and Pv mesenchymal cell populations. These cellular communications and signals create a highly specialized TAM subset that can also form CCR5-dependent multicellular ‘nest’ structures in the Pv niche. This review considers our current understanding of the role of PvTAMs, their markers for identification, development, and function in cancer. The role of PvTAMs in supporting disease progression and modulating the outcome from anti-cancer therapies highlight these cells as a therapeutic target. However, their resistance to pan-TAM targeting therapies, such as those targeting the colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF1)-CSF1 receptor axis, prompts the need for more targeted therapeutic approaches to be considered for this subset. This review highlights potential therapeutic strategies to target and modulate PvTAM development and function in the TME.
Control of UAV quadrotor using reinforcement learning and robust controller
Authors: Zhang Zizuo , Yang Haiyang , Fei Yuanyuan , Sun Changyin , Yu Yao
Published: May 2023

The control of unmanned aerial vehicle quadrotor is challenging because of non‐linearities, coupling and disturbance. Here, a novel control method which includes reinforcement learning (RL) component and robust component is proposed. In this method, the RL component only relies on collected data instead of modelling to handle coupling and disturbance from aerodynamics and model. To ensure safety during training and improve training speed, the robust component is used to reduce the disturbance .The stability of the system with our controller is proven by Lyapunov method. The results of the simulation exhibit advanced performance of our controller.
Vowel classification with combining pitch detection and one‐dimensional convolutional neural network based classifier for gender identification
Authors: Lin Chia‐Hung , Lai Hsiang‐Yueh , Huang Ping‐Tzan , Chen Pi‐Yun , Li Chien‐Ming
Published: May 2023

Human speech signals may contain specific information regarding a speaker's characteristics, and these signals can be very useful in applications involving interactive voice response (IVR) and automatic speech recognition (ASR). For IVR and ASR applications, speaker classification into different ages and gender groups can be applied in human–machine interaction or computer‐based interaction systems for customised advertisement, translation (text generation), machine dialog systems, or self‐service applications. Hence, an IVR‐based system dictates that ASR should function through users' voices (specific voice‐frequency bands) to identify customers' age and gender and interact with a host system. In the present study, we intended to combine a pitch detection (PD)‐based extractor and a voice classifier for gender identification. The Yet Another Algorithm for Pitch Tracking (YAAPT)‐based PD method was designed to extract the voice fundamental frequency (F0) from non‐stationary speaker's voice signals, allowing us to achieve gender identification, by distinguishing differences in F0 between adult females and males, and classify voices into adult and children groups. Then, in vowel voice signal classification, a one‐dimensional (1D) convolutional neural network (CNN), consisted of a multi‐round 1D kernel convolutional layer, a 1D pooling process, and a vowel classifier that could preliminary divide feature patterns into three level ranges of F0, including adult and children groups. Consequently, a classifier was used in the classification layer to identify the speakers' gender. The proposed PD‐based extractor and voice classifier could reduce complexity and improve classification efficiency. Acoustic datasets were selected from the Hillenbrand database for experimental tests on 12 vowels classifications, and K‐fold cross‐validations were performed. The experimental results demonstrated that our approach is a very promising method to quantify the proposed classifier's performance in terms of recall (%), precision (%), accuracy (%), and F1 score.
Pressure boundary conditions for viscous flows in thin tube structures: Stokes equations with locally distributed Brinkman term
Authors: Panasenko Grigory , Pileckas Konstantinas
Published: May 2023

The steady state Stokes-Brinkman equations in a thin tube structure is considered. The Brinkman term differs from zero only in small balls near the ends of the tubes. The boundary conditions are: given pressure at the inflow and outflow of the tube structure and the no slip boundary condition on the lateral boundary. The complete asymptotic expansion of the problem is constructed. The error estimates are proved. The method of partial asymptotic dimension reduction is introduced for the Stokes-Brinkman equations and justified by an error estimate. This method approximates the main problem by a hybrid dimension problem for the Stokes-Brinkman equations in a reduced domain.
Capacity development for knowledge mobilization: a scoping review of the concepts and practices
Authors: Golhasany Hamid , Harvey Blane
Published: May 2023

There is a growing emphasis worldwide on the use of knowledge mobilization (KMb) to improve policies and practices with the latest research evidence. This emphasis calls upon knowledge producers (e.g., university researchers) to produce more relevant evidence, and knowledge users (e.g., practitioners) to access and apply evidence. However, doing KMb can be challenging for these groups without effective support and training. Therefore, individuals and organizations are undertaking capacity development interventions to facilitate the KMb process with more effective support structures, skills, and incentives. Despite its recognized importance, theoretical evidence and practical guidance on capacity development for KMb are scattered across disciplines and practices. To address this, we conducted a scoping review study to review the current practices and concepts and identify significant gaps. One-thousand six-hundred thirty records were gathered, and 105 peer-reviewed and gray literature documents from 2010 to 2020 were reviewed. Two reviewers worked independently in screening the records, and one researcher analyzed the retained documents. The analysis reveals that capacity development for KMb is a multidimensional and multiscalar concept and practice with a diverse range of initiators, initiatives, and beneficiaries. This study also reports on three thematic areas of significance emerging from the literature, namely: (a) individuals’ and organizations’ challenges in doing and supporting KMb, (b) the capacities and supports deemed needed for effective KMb, and (c) the strategies being used for delivering capacity development. Furthermore, this study identifies evidence gaps related to the process aspects of capacity development for KMb (i.e., planning), capacity development initiatives being undertaken in developing country contexts, and results from more formal evaluations of KMb capacity-building effectiveness.
Market-driven assessment of alternate aquafeed ingredients: seafood waste transformation as a case study
Authors: Howieson Janet , Chaklader Md Reaz , Chung Wing H.
Published: May 2023

With the increase in worldwide demand for seafood, the current plateau in production from wild-harvest fisheries has resulted in the rapid growth of the aquaculture sector. Aquaculture relies on quality ingredients such as fishmeal, but cost concerns have led to the investigation of a variety of alternate plant and animal by-products and microbial sources as aquafeed ingredients. Evaluation of alternative aquafeed has traditionally focused on their effects on the growth and immune status of the fish and not always on market-driven assessments of the final edible product. One of the commonly researched groups of alternative ingredients is seafood waste, which, after transformation, has potentially beneficial nutritional characteristics. Transformation, which includes rendering, enzyme hydrolysis and use as a feed source for insects and microbial species, is intended to provide stability and enhance the logistical feasibility of the waste as an aquafeed ingredient. This review discusses transformed fish waste in aquafeeds and describes some of the market and end-user implications (composition, edible safety and quality, sustainability metrics and consumer perceptions) of this approach.
The non-iterates are dense in the space of continuous self-maps
Authors: Bhat B V Rajarama , Gopalakrishna Chaitanya
Published: May 2023

In this paper we first prove a nonexistence result on iterative roots, which presents several sufficient conditions for identifying self-maps on arbitrary sets that have no iterative roots of any order. Then, using this result, we prove that when X is

[
0
,
1

]
m

,

R

m

or

S
1

every non-empty open set of the space

of continuous self-maps on X endowed with the compact-open topology contains a map that does not have even discontinuous iterative roots of order

n
⩾
2

. This, in particular, proves that the complement of

, the set of non-iterates, is dense in

for these X.
An integrated Monte Carlo track-structure simulation framework for modeling inter and intra-track effects on homogenous chemistry
Authors: D-Kondo J Naoki , Garcia-Garcia Omar R , LaVerne Jay A , Faddegon Bruce , Schuemann Jan , Shin Wook-Geun , Ramos-Méndez José
Published: May 2023

Objective. The TOPAS-nBio Monte Carlo track structure simulation code, a wrapper of Geant4-DNA, was extended for its use in pulsed and longtime homogeneous chemistry simulations using the Gillespie algorithm. Approach. Three different tests were used to assess the reliability of the implementation and its ability to accurately reproduce published experimental results: (1) a simple model with a known analytical solution, (2) the temporal evolution of chemical yields during the homogeneous chemistry stage, and (3) radiolysis simulations conducted in pure water with dissolved oxygen at concentrations ranging from 10 μM to 1 mM with [H2O2] yields calculated for 100 MeV protons at conventional and FLASH dose rates of 0.286 Gy s−1 and 500 Gy s−1, respectively. Simulated chemical yield results were compared closely with data calculated using the Kinetiscope software which also employs the Gillespie algorithm. Main results. Validation results in the third test agreed with experimental data of similar dose rates and oxygen concentrations within one standard deviation, with a maximum of 1% difference for both conventional and FLASH dose rates. In conclusion, the new implementation of TOPAS-nBio for the homogeneous long time chemistry simulation was capable of recreating the chemical evolution of the reactive intermediates that follow water radiolysis. Significance. Thus, TOPAS-nBio provides a reliable all-in-one chemistry simulation of the physical, physico-chemical, non-homogeneous, and homogeneous chemistry and could be of use for the study of FLASH dose rate effects on radiation chemistry.
Low tensor train and low multilinear rank approximations of 3D tensors for compression and de-speckling of optical coherence tomography images
Authors: Kopriva Ivica , Shi Fei , Lai Mingyig , Štanfel Marija , Chen Haoyu , Chen Xinijan
Published: May 2023

Objective. Many methods for compression and/or de-speckling of 3D optical coherence tomography (OCT) images operate on a slice-by-slice basis and, consequently, ignore spatial relations between the B-scans. Thus, we develop compression ratio (CR)-constrained low tensor train (TT)—and low multilinear (ML) rank approximations of 3D tensors for compression and de-speckling of 3D OCT images. Due to inherent denoising mechanism of low-rank approximation, compressed image is often even of better quality than the raw image it is based on. Approach. We formulate CR-constrained low rank approximations of 3D tensor as parallel non-convex non-smooth optimization problems implemented by alternating direction method of multipliers of unfolded tensors. In contrast to patch- and sparsity-based OCT image compression methods, proposed approach does not require clean images for dictionary learning, enables CR as high as 60:1, and it is fast. In contrast to deep networks based OCT image compression, proposed approach is training free and does not require any supervised data pre-processing. Main results. Proposed methodology is evaluated on twenty four images of a retina acquired on Topcon 3D OCT-1000 scanner, and twenty images of a retina acquired on Big Vision BV1000 3D OCT scanner. For the first dataset, statistical significance analysis shows that for CR ≤ 35, all low ML rank approximations and Schatten-0 (S
0) norm constrained low TT rank approximation can be useful for machine learning-based diagnostics by using segmented retina layers. Also for CR ≤ 35, S
0-constrained ML rank approximation and S
0-constrained low TT rank approximation can be useful for visual inspection-based diagnostics. For the second dataset, statistical significance analysis shows that for CR ≤ 60 all low ML rank approximations as well as S
0 and S
1/2 low TT ranks approximations can be useful for machine learning-based diagnostics by using segmented retina layers. Also, for CR ≤ 60, low ML rank approximations constrained with S

p
, p ∊ {0, 1/2, 2/3} and one surrogate of S
0 can be useful for visual inspection-based diagnostics. That is also true for low TT rank approximations constrained with S

p
, p ∊ {0, 1/2, 2/3} for CR ≤ 20. Significance. Studies conducted on datasets acquired by two different types of scanners confirmed capabilities of proposed framework that, for a wide range of CRs, yields de-speckled 3D OCT images suitable for clinical data archiving and remote consultation, for visual inspection-based diagnosis and for machine learning-based diagnosis by using segmented retina layers.
Mechanical, thermal, electrical, and corrosion properties of microwave-sintered Ti-0.8Ni-0.3Mo/TiB composites
Authors: Balasundar P , Senthil S , Narayanasamy P , Ramkumar T
Published: May 2023

In this study, Titanium boride (TiB) reinforced Ti-0.8Ni-0.3Mo/XTiB (X = 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt%) composites were successfully fabricated by microwave sintering assisted powder metallurgy process. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were used to evaluate the elemental powders individually. The distribution of TiB particles in the sintered Ti-0.8Ni-0.3Mo composites was observed using optical microscopy (OM) and SEM. The Microhardness of the microwave-sintered samples was evaluated through Micro Vicker’s hardness testing machine. Thermal characteristics were estimated for temperatures ranging from 50 to 250 °C. The electrical conductivity of Ti-0.8Ni-0.3Mo/TiB composites was calculated from the measured resistance values using the four-point probe method at room temperature. The immersion method was performed to estimate the corrosion properties by suspending the sintered samples in 3.5% NaCl solution for 60 h. The morphology of the corroded surfaces was examined using SEM. The results revealed that Ti-0.8Ni-0.3Mo/15TiB possessed optimum hardness values from 220 to 260 HV, mechanical properties such as True yield strength from 728 to 814 MPa, ultimate compression strength from 1335 to 1680 MPa, fracture strain of 6.12 to 13.81%. It also revealed less weight loss in a corrosion medium of 0.6 g. The Ti-0.8Ni-0.3Mo/TiB composites had good properties in densification aspects, which is suitable for applications such as marine and airfare components.
4D and 5D phase-space tomography using slowing-down physics regularization
Authors: Schmidt B.S. , Salewski M. , Moseev D. , Baquero-Ruiz M. , Hansen P.C. , Eriksson J. , Ford O. , Gorini G. , Järleblad H. , Kazakov Ye O. , Kulla D. , Lazerson S. , Mencke J.E. , Mykytchuk D. , Nocente M. , Poloskei P. , Rud M. , Snicker A. , Stagner L. , Äkäslompolo S.
Published: May 2023

We compute reconstructions of 4D and 5D fast-ion phase-space distribution functions in fusion plasmas from synthetic projections of these functions. The fast-ion phase-space distribution functions originating from neutral beam injection (NBI) at TCV and Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) at full, half, and one-third injection energies can be distinguished and particle densities of each component inferred based on 20 synthetic spectra of projected velocities at TCV and 680 at W7-X. Further, we demonstrate that an expansion into a basis of slowing-down distribution functions is equivalent to regularization using slowing-down physics as prior information. Using this technique in a Tikhonov formulation, we infer the particle density fractions for each NBI energy for each NBI beam from synthetic measurements, resulting in six unknowns at TCV and 24 unknowns at W7-X. Additionally, we show that installing 40 LOS in each of 17 ports at W7-X, providing full beam coverage and almost full angle coverage, produces the highest quality reconstructions.
Properties of Laughlin states on fractal lattices
Authors: Jha Mani Chandra , Nielsen Anne E B
Published: May 2023

Laughlin states have recently been constructed on fractal lattices and have been shown to be topological in such systems. Some of their properties are, however, quite different from the two-dimensional case. On the Sierpinski triangle, for instance, the entanglement entropy shows oscillations as a function of particle number and does not obey the area law despite being topologically ordered, and the particle density is non-uniform in the bulk. Here, we investigate these deviant properties in greater detail on the Sierpinski triangle, and we also study the properties on the Sierpinski carpet and the T-fractal. We find that the density variations across the fractal are present for all the considered fractal lattices and for most choices of the number of particles. The size of anyons inserted into the lattice Laughlin state also varies with position on the fractal lattice. We observe that quasiholes and quasiparticles have similar sizes and that the size of the anyons typically increases with decreasing Hausdorff dimension. As opposed to periodic lattices in two dimensions, the Sierpinski triangle and carpet have inner edges. We construct trial states for both inner and outer edge states. We find that oscillations of the entropy as a function of particle number are present for the T-fractal, but not for the Sierpinski carpet. Finally, we observe deviations from the area law for several different bipartitions on the Sierpinski triangle.
Research on the optimal allocation method of PV micro-grid energy storage capacity based on empirical modal decomposition
Authors: Yang Bo , Liu Zhao , Yang Shenquan , Cui Can , Deng Shaozhi
Published: May 2023

To address the problem of high battery usage throughout the year, an empirical modal decomposition-based optimal allocation method for PV microgrid energy storage capacity is designed. This paper describes the basic structure of the photovoltaic equivalent circuit to obtain the output power of the photovoltaic microgrid panel. We use the energy storage battery as a secondary power source to smooth the photovoltaic power output and calculate the wasted power. In this paper, an energy management model based on empirical mode decomposition is constructed, and the photovoltaic power generation unit and energy storage unit are regarded as optimally configured whole. Based on the above conditions, an optimal allocation method of energy storage capacity is designed. Experimental results: the mean value of annual battery usage for the PV microgrid capacity optimization allocation method in the paper is: 53.74%, indicating that the designed PV microgrid capacity optimization allocation method is more feasible after combining the empirical modal decomposition algorithm.
Analysis of Short-Circuit Fault Current Characteristics on AC Side of Wind-PV-Storage Integrated Grid Connected System
Authors: Cheng Xiaoping , Tang Xiaojun , Huo Qidi , Xie Yan , Wang Ziqi , Gao Wenman
Published: May 2023

The penetration rate of Wind-Soloar-Storage integrated grid-connected systems in the power grid is getting higher and higher. However, the mechanism of its influence on the short-circuit current is still not deeply understood. This paper analyzes the low-voltage ride-through and reactive power compensation strategies of a Wind-PV-Storage integrated grid-connected system; the short-circuit process of the AC side is studied, and the voltage sag degree and limiting link affect the steady amplitude and phase of the current. Through establishing the Wind-PV-Storage integrated grid connected system model in PSCAD/EMTDC, theoretical analysis and verification are carried out on the influence of factors such as the collection line inside the station and different capacity distribution proportions of the station on the short-circuit current.
Research on A Fast Recognition System for Abnormal Harmonic Amplification Caused by Centralized Connection of Multiple Wind Power Plants
Authors: Yuan Ye , Zhu Daming
Published: May 2023

This paper introduces the abnormal harmonic current amplification phenomenon that occurred in the electric transmission lines, which is caused by the centralized join-up of multiple wind farm plants, by collecting and analysing the voltage, current, and active power indicators data of harmonic amplification phenomenon, to realize the classification and statistics of abnormal indexes variation trend during the harmonic amplification phenomenon. In this paper, the abnormal indexes are classified by different working conditions, such as normal operating state and harmonic amplification phenomenon, thus the recognition index of harmonic amplification is compared and summarized. After screening the most obvious changed part of the index under two kinds of working conditions, nine feature indexes are chosen to be embraced into the recognizing system. Finally, this method is used to analyse the harmonic amplification events in other moments of transmission lines, and all the harmonic amplification phenomena are identified successfully, which proves the feasibility and accuracy of this method.
A Method of Time-sharing Location for Low-power Tags
Authors: Gong Fuxing , Zhao Xiaobing , Man Xiaoping , Wang Qigang , Liu Yu , Teng Yuhang , Li Ming
Published: May 2023

In the traditional power equipment positioning system, to achieve tag positioning, the system needs servers, base stations, and tags. To ensure more stability of the system, it needs to range with four base stations during tag positioning. However, the system will have excessive power consumption, and the time to initiate ranging between multiple tags is random, which will cause serious data distortion. Therefore, to adjust the system with complex power equipment management, this paper proposes a low power label time-sharing location method. First, establishing an ultra-wideband UWB between the BTSs to synchronize the time of each BTS. Then, the tag just ranges with one of the BTSs, and the other BTSs get a receiving time. Finally, the time difference method is used to convert the distance between the tag and all other base stations, to reduce the power consumption of the system. The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by an example. This method can effectively solve the problem of multi-label location, which makes the power consumption of label location low and the location will not conflict, and has good engineering practical value.
Aging Analysis of Cable Insulation Material by Terahertz Time-domain Spectroscopy
Authors: Luo Guofang , Zhu Yanwen , Liu Ping-an , Li Wenping , Zhou Kuan , Liu Yongli , Wang Dong , Han Jingxin , Chen Xi
Published: May 2023

Insulation materials with high sealing, high insulation, high elasticity, and other characteristics are widely used in the power industry. In this paper, the terahertz time-domain reflection spectrum of cable insulation materials is studied, the optical parameters of cable insulation materials are extracted to characterize the aging state of cable insulation materials, the terahertz time-domain reflection signal of insulation materials with different degrees of aging is tested, and the terahertz reflection spectrum of insulation sheaths is analyzed. The relationship between the aging degree and absorption coefficient in terahertz time-domain spectral reflection mode is obtained. There are obvious differences in the absorption characteristics of cable insulation materials with different degrees of aging in the terahertz band. The longer the aging time is, the greater the absorption coefficient is and the lower the refractive index is. Terahertz time-domain reflectometry plays a role in cable protection with high detection accuracy in the characterization of cable insulation materials.