bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EUPHORBIACEAE
Authors: Bruyns P. V.
Published: July 2015

A NEW NAME FOR EUPHORBIA CHAMAECLADA FROM ANGOLA
POACEAE
Authors: Mashua A. C. , Fish L. , Van Wyk A. E.
Published: July 2015

TWO NEW' SPECIES OF HELICTOTRICHON (POOIDEAE: AVENEAE) FROM SOUTH AFRICA
ASPHODELACEAE
Authors: Manning J. C. , Goldblatt P.
Published: July 2015

BULBINELLA CALCICOLA, A NEW SPECIES FROM SALDANHA BAY, WESTERN CAPE
RUBIACEAE
Authors: Burrows J. E. , Burrows S. M.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPEC IES OF DIDYMOSALPINX AND A NEW SPECIES OF OXYANTHUS FROM MOZAMBIQUE AND TANZANIA
Checklist of ferns and seed plants of the Golden Gate Highlands National Park, South Africa
Authors: Daemane M. E. , Van Wyk B-E. , Moteetee A.
Published: July 2015

A list of flowering plants and ferns has been compiled for the Golden Gate Highlands National Park, which occupies an area of 11 346 hectares but excludes the adjacent QwaQwa National Park. The checklist comprises 846 taxa (823 species and 23 infraspecific taxa) representing 359 genera in 101 families. Eleven of the species are recorded in the Red Data List (Raimondo et al. 2010) and 64 species are naturalized exotics.
OBITUARY
Authors: Leistner O. A.
Published: July 2015

MICHAEL JOHN WELLS (1935-2010)
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN PYTHIACEAE WITH RECORDS OF THEIR OCCURRENCE.
Authors: Wager Vincent A.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
NEWLY DESCRIBED SPECIES AND NEW COMBINATIONS
Authors: Authors Various
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
JOSEPH BURTT DAVY.
Authors: Gunn M. D.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
THE GENUS PLINTHUS.
Authors: Verdoorn I. C.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
SOUTH AFRICAN ASCOMYCETES IN THE NATIONAL HERBARIUM.
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

No abstarct available
THE SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES OF ERYTHRINA.
Authors: Collett D. G.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
A NOTE ON THE SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES OF XIMENIA LINN. AND THEIR POSSIBLE ECONOMIC USES.
Authors: Schweickerdt H. G.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
A NEW SPECIES OF PACHYSTIGMA HOCHST. FROM TRANSVAAL.
Authors: Robyns W.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
A REVISION OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES OF HELITOTRICHON, Bess, ex Schultes.
Authors: Schweickerdt H. G.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
GASTEROMYCETES OF SOUTH AFRICA.
Authors: Bottomley A. M.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Preface
Authors: Pole Evans I.B.
Published: July 2015

No Abstract Available
Natural Features and Vegatation
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

No Abstract Available
Groups of Fungi and Acknowledgements for Assistance in determining species
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

No Abstract Available
Ascomycetes
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

No Abstract Available
Basidiomycetes
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

No Abstract Available
Locality Index
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

No Abstract Available
7.Types and Type collections
Authors: Doidge Ethel M.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
A Morphological, Anatomical and Cytological study of Potamophila prehensilis (Nees) Benth.
Authors: De Winter B.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Micromorphology of the lower Hymenomycetes.
Authors: Talbot P. H. B
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Some Graminicolous Species of Helminthosporium and Curvularia Occurring in South Africa.
Authors: Putterill K. M.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Concerning some South African Pestalotiopsis Steyaert.
Authors: Steyaert R. L.
Published: July 2015

No abstarct available
New and Interesting Records of South African Flowering Plants.
Authors: Archibald E. E. A , Codd L. E. , Dyer R. A. , Meeuse A. D. J. , Van Durten D.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Notes on the Loganiaceae, Salvadoraceae and Oleaceae in South Africa.
Authors: Verdoorn I. C.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
The Protea Species of the Summer Rainfall Area of South Africa.*
Authors: Beard J. S.
Published: July 2015

no abstract available
The Albizia Species of South Africa.
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Studies of Wood-Rotting Fungi: 1. Cultural Characteristics of some Common Species.
Authors: Van der Westhuizen G. C. A.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
The Genera Craterellus. Cymatoderma (Cladoderris) and Thelephora in South Africa.
Authors: Talbot P. H. B
Published: July 2015

No abstarct available
Notes on some Species of Cladophora from South Africa.
Authors: Simons R. H.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Notes on the Sapotaceae of Southern Africa.
Authors: Meeuse A. D. J.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Homonyms in the Prodromi of 1 hunberg and Burman
Authors: Dandy J. E.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Notes and New Records of African Plants
Authors: Authors Various
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
A Contribution to our Knowledge of the Freshwater Algae of the Transvaal Province
Authors: Claasen M. I.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Review
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
HIPPOCRATEACEAE
Authors: Verdoorn I. C.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
The South African Species of Anthericum, Chlorophytum and Trachyandra Addenda et Corrigenda
Authors: Obermeyer A. A.
Published: July 2015

No abstract
The South African Species of Orthosiphon
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
CAMPANULACEAE
Authors: Killick D. J. B.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
CAPPARIDACEAE
Authors: Marais W.
Published: July 2015

A  Note  on  Capparis   transvaalensis  Schinz
CRUCIFERAE
Authors: Marais W.
Published: July 2015

Notes on the Genus Heliophila
SCROPHULARIACEAE
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
STERCULIACEAE
Authors: Verdoorn I. C.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
THE CYCADS OF SOUTHERN AFRICA
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

no abstract available
REPRODUCTION
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
ENCEPHALARTOS
Authors: Dyer R. A.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
The Genus Andropogon in Southern Africa
Authors: Anderson J. G.
Published: July 2015

This study is limited to an investigation of the Southern African representatives of the genus Andropogon, consisting of 14 species, two varieties and one record of doubtful identity. The history, karyology, leaf anatomy and anatomy of the shoot and embryo are discussed briefly. A key based on floral and vegetative characters is provided and a detailed description of the genus and of each species and variety is given. The nomenclature and synonomy for each taxon is included as well as brief notes on the distribution and habitat. Specimens deposited in the National Herbarium, Pretoria, and several other South African Institutions are cited in full.
CUPRESSACEAE
Authors: Marsh J. A.
Published: July 2015

Notes on Widdringtonia
GRAMINEAE: A NEW SPECIES OF ERAGROSTIS
Authors: De Winter B.
Published: July 2015

A NEW SPECIES OF ERAGROSTIS
LILIACEAE
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

New Species of Kniphofia
PODOCARPACEAE
Authors: Lestner O. A.
Published: July 2015

The Typification of Podocarpus Elongatus
A Virus Disease of Datura Spp.
Authors: Klesser Patricia J.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
New Species of Ascomycetes and a New Genus of Sphaeropsidaceae from Transvaal*
Authors: Marasas W. F. O.
Published: July 2015

A new genus of Sphaeropsidaceae, Oncostroma Batista Marasas, and its type species O. toddaliae Batista Marasas, are described. Five new species of Ascomycetes,  Brasiliomyces entadae Marasas Rabie,  Thyriopsis sphaerospora Marasas,  Microcyclus halleriae Marasas Rabie,  Phyllachora ehrhartae Marasas and  Trichopeltum africanum Batista Marasas, are described. Two new com­binations,  Trichopeltum carissae (Doidge) Marasas and  Trichopeltum kentaniensis (Doidge) Marasas, are made.
New and Interesting Records of South African Fungi, Part V*
Authors: Marasas W. F. O. , Van der Westhuizen G. C. A. , Van Warmelo K. T. , Papandorf M. C.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Two Species of Erysiphaceae from Pretoria
Authors: Marasas W. F. O. , Schumann I. H.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
OBITUARY
Authors: Gunn M. D.
Published: July 2015

Ethel Mary Doidge (1887-1965)
LILIACEAE
Authors: Obermeyer A. A.
Published: July 2015

The Identity of Fritillaria  nana
RUBIACEAE
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

A  New Species of Canthium
A New Species of Brown Alga from South Africa
Authors: Simons R. H.
Published: July 2015

Carpomitra longicarpa Simons sp. nov., a speciebus  Carpomitrae aliis fronde ecostata tereteque, soris elongatis et filamento uniseriato fili sporangiferi paucis cellulis dilatatis terminato differt.
The South African Species of Kniphofia (Liliaceae)
Authors: Codd L. E.
Published: July 2015

No abstract available
Pastorale begeleiding van kinders wat rou
Authors: Coetzer Wentzel C.
Published: July 2015

In die literatuur word dikwels na kinders as die sogenaamde ‘forgotten grievers’ verwys. Wat pastorale berading betref is daar in die verlede tydens sterfgevalle in ’n gesin soms meer op die volwassenes as op die kinders gefokus. Verliese wat egter nie tydens die kinderjare verwerk word nie, het ’n impak op die res van so ’n persoon se lewe. In hierdie artikel word die belangrikheid van kinders as volle lede van die geloofsgemeenskap (ook wat hulle emosies betref) beklemtoon. Aspekte soos die sinvraag, die beskermende- en helende effek van spiritualiteit en geloof, asook die belangrikheid van ’n Skrifgedeelte soos Lukas 18:15–17 met betrekking tot kleiner kinders kom vervolgens aan die orde. Die belangrikheid van die integrering van spiritualiteit en kreatiewe, ekspressiewe tegnieke en strategieë word ook uitgelig. Voorbeelde van laasgenoemde tegnieke word vervolgens aan die orde gestel terwyl ’n aantal praktiese riglyne ten opsigte van geloofsaspekte ter begeleiding van die kind wat ’n verlies ervaar het, ook daarna aandag geniet.Pastoral care of grieving children. Literature often refers to children as the so called forgotten grievers. In the past, during deaths in a family, pastoral counselling was sometimes more focused on the adults than on children. However, losses that are not processed during childhood will have an impact on the rest of such a person’s life. In this article, the importance of children as full members of the community of faith (also regarding their emotions) is emphasised. Aspects such as the question on meaning, the protective and healing effect of spirituality and faith, and the importance of a passage like Luke 18:15–17 with respect to smaller children are discussed. The importance of the integration of spirituality and creative expressive techniques and strategies are also explored. Examples of the latter techniques are discussed, while a number of practical guidelines on religious issues for the guidance of the child who has experienced a loss also receive attention.
Narratives of difference and sameness
Authors: Strachan Jacobus J.
Published: July 2015

As an Afrikaner man doing research on ubuntu, what are the possibilities for meaningful research? In this article, some aspects of the difficulties and possibilities that may be encountered in such a research programme will be explored. Within a postmodern worldview, and framed within postfoundational practical theology, social-constructionism, a narrative hermeneutic metaphor and autoethnography will be used as tools to explore some difficulties and possibilities of such a research undertaking.
On the “Preconditioning” Function Used in Planewave DFT Calculations and its Generalization
Authors: Zhou Yunkai , Chelikowsky James R. , Gao Xingyu , Zhou Aihui
Published: July 2015

The Teter, Payne, and Allan “preconditioning” function plays a significant role in planewave DFT calculations. This function is often called the TPA preconditioner. We present a detailed study of this “preconditioning” function. We develop a general formula that can readily generate a class of “preconditioning” functions. These functions have higher order approximation accuracy and fulfill the two essential “preconditioning” purposes as required in planewave DFT calculations. Our general class of functions are expected to have applications in other areas.
Modeling 3D Magma Dynamics Using a Discontinuous Galerkin Method
Authors: Tirupathi Seshu , Hesthaven Jan S. , Liang Yan
Published: July 2015

Discontinuous Galerkin (DG) and matrix-free finite element methods with a novel projective pressure estimation are combined to enable the numerical modeling of magma dynamics in 2D and 3D using the library deal.II. The physical model is an advection-reaction type system consisting of two hyperbolic equations to evolve porosity and soluble mineral abundance at local chemical equilibrium and one elliptic equation to recover global pressure. A combination of a discontinuous Galerkin method for the advection equations and a finite element method for the elliptic equation provide a robust and efficient solution to the channel regime problems of the physical system in 3D. A projective and adaptively applied pressure estimation is employed to significantly reduce the computational wall time without impacting the overall physical reliability in the modeling of important features of melt segregation, such as melt channel bifurcation in 2D and 3D time dependent simulations.
A Model of a Quantum Particle in a Quantum Environment: A Numerical Study
Authors: Carlone Raffaele , Figari Rodolfo , Negulescu Claudia
Published: July 2015

We define and investigate, via numerical analysis, a one dimensional toy-model of a cloud chamber. An energetic quantum particle, whose initial state is a superposition of two identical wave packets with opposite average momentum, interacts during its evolution and exchanges (small amounts of) energy with an array of localized spins. Triggered by the interaction with the environment, the initial superposition state turns into an incoherent sum of two states describing the following situation: or the particle is going to the left and a large number of spins on the left side changed their states, or the same is happening on the right side. This evolution is reminiscent of what happens in a cloud chamber where a quantum particle, emitted as a spherical wave by a radioactive source, marks its passage inside a supersaturated vapour-chamber in the form of a sequence of small liquid bubbles arranging themselves around a possible classical trajectory of the particle.
Цепная реализация дифференциальных модулей с $\infty$-симплициальными гранями и $B$-конструкция для $A_\infty$-алгебр
Authors: Lapin Sergei Valerievich
Published: July 2015

На основе крашенного варианта двойственности Кошуля введено понятие дифференциального модуля с $\infty$-симплициальными гранями. При помощи гомотопической техники дифференциальных модулей Ли над крашенными коалгебрами доказана гомотопическая инвариантность структуры дифференциального модуля с $\infty$-симплициальными гранями. Установлены связи между дифференциальными модулями с $\infty$-симплициальными гранями и $A_\infty$-алгебрами. Введены понятия цепной реализации дифференциального модуля с $\infty$-симплициальными гранями и тензорного произведения дифференциальных модулей с $\infty$-симплициальными гранями. Показано, что цепная реализация тензорного дифференциального модуля с $\infty$-симплициальными гранями, построенного по $A_\infty$-алгебре, и $B$-конструкция для этой $A_\infty$-алгебры являются изоморфными дифференциальными коалгебрами.
Библиография: 14 названий.
Лемма Гурса в контексте банаховых алгебр
Authors: Gorin Evgenii Alekseevich
Published: July 2015

Классическая лемма Гурса распространяется на классы дифференцируемых
отображений областей вещественных банаховых пространств в алгебры действующих
на этих пространствах линейных операторов. Выясняется, как изменяется ее форма
и содержание в зависимости от выбора исходного объекта. Отдельное место занимает
тот случай, когда исходное пространство является банаховой алгеброй,
а производные Фреше - операторами умножения на ее элементы.
Библиография: 10 названий.
Language Policy and Medium of Instruction Issue in Pakistan
Authors: AMMAR Ali , ALI Naveen , FAWAD Ali , QASIM Khamsa
Published: July 2015

The issue of language in Pakistan is not just related to linguistics. It has far more implications for cultural, economic, political, and social issues. The current paper studies the latest language policy of Pakistan and its implications for local languages. It then relates to the formation and implementation of a (certain steps) sound language policy to root out the conflicts and ethnic clashes from time to time in the country, and to survive the language shock of majority of students in Pakistan, who are taught English as compulsory subject up to 14 years of education. The current situation of the country also correlates to the puzzling phenomenon of cultural aversive attitudes towards English language by the masses.  The current teaching methods and curriculum employed in the institutions of Pakistan, for decades, have only been successful in maintaining the gap between the privileged English related people and the hardcore anti-English sentiments. In this battle for linguistic-identity crisis and supremacy, a lot of national talent has been wasted. This paper briefly re-explores the situation of languages in the country on the first step, then it moves on to focus on the national policy, its flaws, and it possible ways out by bringing in examples from Chinese and Indian Language Policies.
Japanese Onomatopoeic Expressions with Quantitative Meaning
Authors: KUTAFEVA Nataliia Vitalievna
Published: July 2015

Grammatical category of quantity is absent in the Japanese language but there are many different grammatical, lexical, derivational and morphological modes of expression of quantity. This paper provides an analysis of the lexical mode of expression of quantitative meanings and their semantics with the help of onomatopoeic (giongo) and mimetic (gitaigo) words in the Japanese language. Based on the analysis, we have distinguished the following semantic groups: mimetic words A) existence of some (large or small) quantity (things, phenomena and people), B) degree of change of quantity; and onomatopoeic words A) single sound, B) repetitive sounds.
Blogging Identity: How L2 Learners Express Themselves
Authors: FUJII Kiyomi
Published: July 2015

This study discusses language learning and identity, particularly pertaining to intermediate-advanced-level Japanese-language learners, focusing on their target language and identity expression through their interactions with peers and Japanese college students. When learners of Japanese express their identities while interacting with others in their target language, they feel a gap between the self-image they want to present, and the image they are capable of presenting in Japanese (Siegal, 1994, 1995, 1996). Along with adjusting their L1 and L2 usage depending on their interlocutor (Kurata 2007), learners also use different sentence-ending styles depending on the role they want to assume (Cook 2008). By conducting a case study, the present inquiry attempts to address how learners of Japanese express their identities through blog conversations, focusing on their language choice and expressions. Results suggest that participants use the formal endings for self-presentation and projection of their student and classmate identity. However, when expressing emotion some students preferred informal endings, or sentence-final particles.
Japanese Language Education and Dyslexia: On the Necessity of the Dyslexia Research
Authors: MORITOKI ŠKOF Nagisa
Published: July 2015

The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of he perspective of dyslexia, which is said to occupy most of LD, in Japanese language education. First, it discusses what dyslexia is and what perspective it offers to Japanese language education. Then, I will outline the present status of accepting and arranging dyslexic learners in Japanese language education and point the several problems of it. Finally, I will take a general view of supporting system in the JLPT and at institutions in Europe that is already systematically established and show us a way of the solution. I will also show the necessities that all teachers including trainees in teaching institutions should learn and know about dyslexia to make prompt and effective Japanese language education to all learners in conclusion.
Vrednotenje medkulturne zmožnosti pri pouku tujega jezika
Authors: Horvat Saška
Published: July 2015

Usvajanje medkulturne kompetence je pri učenju tujega jezika danes eden izmed pomembnih ciljev. Težave se pojavijo, ker je ocenjevanje še vedno nekako tradicionalno usmerjeno v preverjanje slovničnega znanja, slušnega, pisnega izražanja ter sprejemanja, vrednotenje medkulturne kompetence pa s testi in številčnimi ocenami skorajda ni možno. Pripročnik Developing and Assessing Intercultural Competence, ki so ga izdali 2007 v Centru za Moderne jezike v Gradcu, predstavlja, na kakšen način lahko vrednotimo različne komponente/sestavine medkulturne kompetence.
Vloga učitelja pri motivaciji učencev za učenje francoščine v Sloveniji
Authors: Premrl Darja
Published: July 2015

Učitelji francoščine na slovenskih osnovnih šolah in na gimnazijah menijo, da je naloga učitelja, da z različnimi pristopi motivira učence in dijake za delo v razredu, ocenjujejo celo, da učiteljev trud spodbudno deluje na motivacijo nezainteresiranih učencev oz. dijakov. Učitelji torej verjamejo v svoje delo, v svoje znanje in sposobnosti, da učencem francoščino predstavijo tako, da imajo veselje do učenja, da s svojim delom v razredu višajo interes za znanje francoščine. Kljub temu pa kar 78 % učiteljev meni, da bi jim koristilo predavanje na temo motivacija in izmenjava primerov dobrih praks. Analiza kaže, da učitelji zaupajo izbranemu učbeniku, učence najpogosteje motivirajo z lastnim navdušenjem do obravnavane teme in s svojim delovanjem na področju francoščine skrbijo za učiteljev »dober glas«. Dejstvo je, da gre pri motivaciji za dinamičen proces, ki se tudi krajevno in časovno spreminja. Učitelj je del tega procesa, ni pa edini odgovoren za njegov izid.
Some difficulties experienced by slovenian students learning Romanian
Authors: Stanciu Nicolae
Published: July 2015

This article presents some of the difficulties that arose for students during courses in Romanian language, culture, and civilization at the University of Ljubljana, Slovenia, and suggests some teaching solutions tested in the classes. Proceeding from the frame work of functionalcognitive grammar, the solutions that were chosen for interpreting and correcting students’ expression combine semantic, teaching, and pragmatic criteria. The analysis covers frequent mistakes and the most characteristic mistakes observed in Slovenian students’ speech, and the most appropriate solutions are suggested for them. This article represents a starting point for a Romanian textbook tailored to Slovenian students.
Vesna Kondrič Horvat: 33. Solothurnški literarni dnevi
Authors: Kondrič Horvat Vesna
Published: July 2015

Že od leta 1978 se v baročnem švicarskem mestecu Solothurn ob Aari vsako leto po prazniku vnebovzetja zberejo švicarski pisatelji vseh štirih jezikovnih skupin, medse pa povabijo tudi veliko že uveljavljenih ali nadobudnih kolegov in kolegic iz tujine. Letošnja prireditev, ki jo je obiskalo rekordnih skoraj 13.000 obiskovalcev, je potekala pod motom »Dejstva in fikcija«. Razen branj so se vrstili pogovori o odnosu med raziskano realnostjo in fantastičnimi pripovedmi, o družinskem romanu in o dokumentarni književnosti, novost je bilo poročanje dveh avtorjev o svojih bralnih navadah, posebne pozornosti pa je bila deležna narečna literatura.
Veränderungen in der norwegischen Saamenpolitik und die Situation der saamischen Sprache
Authors: Szilvási Zsuzsanna
Published: July 2015

Norwegen ist ein Mehrnationalitäten, Mehrkulturen und Mehrsprachenstaat. Die Nationalitätenvielfalt in diesem nordeuropäischen Staat bilden die auf sei nem Gebiet lebenden nationalen und ethnischen Minderheiten. Im Gebiet des heutigen Norwegens leben sowohl viele einheimische als auch immigrante Min derheitengruppen.
Nemškoslovenski zgodovinski glosar ali poskus pisanja glosarja na področju humanistike oz. družboslovja
Authors: Hudelja Niko
Published: July 2015

Avtor najprej umesti zgodovinsko znanost v okvir humanistike oz. družboslovja, ugotavlja njeno povezanost s pomožnimi vedami in sorodnimi disciplinami. Na podlagi tega opiše kriterije, ki so ga vodili pri naboru gesel za zgodovinski glosar. Ob tem se zavzema za kompromisno rešitev, torej tudi vključevanje polterminov in neterminoloških enot, saj je prepričan, da na zadevnem področju ni mogoče dosledno upoštevati tistih zakonitosti, ki sicer opredeljujejo terminologijo. Sledi opis v glosar vključenega izrazja, pri čemer loči med osrednjim in obrobnim delom zgodovinske terminologije. Takšna rešitev je po njegovem prepričanju tudi uporabniku prijazna rešitev.
School encounters with Mark Haddon's novel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the NightTime (2003)
Authors: Hladnik Mira
Published: July 2015

This article adds additional materials to the already large corpus available for inter preting and teaching Haddon's novel The Curious Incident of the Dog in the NightTime. First, the article adheres to a quite copious method of furnishing questions and possible an swers to prepare students for more detailed reading of the work. Further, it lists ideas for student essay titles or topics, letters, presentations, and role play activities. Some specific assignments are added to check students' understanding of the artistic work. In short, it offers a complex of diverse approaches and activities from which the teacher may freely choose.
Impact of local data assimilation on tropical cyclone predictions over the Bay of Bengal using the ARW model
Authors: Greeshma M. M. , Srinivas C. V. , Yesubabu V. , Naidu C. V. , Baskaran R. , Venkatraman B.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The tropical cyclone (TC) track and intensity predictions over Bay of Bengal (BOB) using the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (ARW) model are evaluated for a number of data assimilation experiments using various types of data. Eight cyclones that made landfall along the east coast of India during 2008–2013 were simulated. Numerical experiments included a control run (CTL) using the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) 3-hourly 0.5 × 0.5° resolution Global Forecasting System (GFS) analysis as the initial condition, and a series of cycling mode variational assimilation experiments with Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) data assimilation (WRFDA) system using NCEP global PrepBUFR observations (VARPREP), Atmospheric Motion Vectors (VARAMV), Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU) A and B radiances (VARRAD) and a combination of PrepBUFR and RAD (VARPREP+RAD). The impact of different observations is investigated in detail in a case of the strongest TC, Phailin, for intensity, track and structure parameters, and finally also on a larger set of cyclones. The results show that the assimilation of AMSU radiances and Atmospheric Motion Vectors (AMV) improved the intensity and track predictions to a certain extent and the use of operationally available NCEP PrepBUFR data which contains both conventional and satellite observations produced larger impacts leading to improvements in track and intensity forecasts. The forecast improvements are found to be associated with changes in pressure, wind, temperature and humidity distributions in the initial conditions after data assimilation. The assimilation of mass (radiance) and wind (AMV) data showed different impacts. While the motion vectors mainly influenced the track predictions, the radiance data merely influenced forecast intensity. Of various experiments, the VARPREP produced the largest impact with mean errors (India Meteorological Department (IMD) observations less the model values) of 78, 129, 166, 210 km in the vector track position, 10.3, 5.8, 4.8, 9.0 hPa deeper than IMD data in central sea level pressure (CSLP) and 10.8, 3.9, −0.2, 2.3 m s−1 stronger than IMD data in maximum surface winds (MSW) for 24, 48, 72, 96 h forecasts respectively. An improvement of about 3–36 % in track, 6–63 % in CSLP, 26–103 % in MSW and 11–223 % in the radius of maximum winds in 24–96 h lead time forecasts are found with VARPREP over CTL, suggesting the advantages of assimilation of operationally available PrepBUFR data for cyclone predictions. The better predictions with PrepBUFR could be due to quality-controlled observations in addition to containing different types of data (conventional, satellite) covering an effectively larger area. The performance degradation of VARPREP+RAD with the assimilation of all available observations over the domain after 72 h could be due to poor area coverage and bias in the radiance data.
Short-term changes in the mesozooplankton community and copepod gut pigment in the Chukchi Sea in autumn: reflections of a strong wind event
Authors: Matsuno K. , Yamaguchi A. , Nishino S. , Inoue J. , Kikuchi T.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. To evaluate the effect of atmospheric turbulence on a marine ecosystem, high-frequency samplings (two to four times per day) of a mesozooplankton community and the gut pigment of dominant copepods were performed at a fixed station in the Chukchi Sea from 10 to 25 September 2013. During the study period, a strong wind event (SWE) was observed on 18 September. After the SWE, the biomass of chlorophyll a (Chl a) increased, especially for micro-size (> 10 μm) fractions. The zooplankton abundance ranged from 23 610 to 56 809 ind. m−2 and exhibited no clear changes as a result of the SWE. In terms of abundance, calanoid copepods constituted the dominant taxa (mean: 57 %), followed by barnacle larvae (31 %). Within the calanoid copepods, small-sized Pseudocalanus spp. (65 %) and large-sized C. glacialis (30 %) dominated. In the population structure of C. glacialis, copepodid stage 5 (C5) dominated, and the mean copepodid stage did not vary with the SWE. The dominance of accumulated lipids in C5 and C6 females with immature gonads indicated that they were preparing for seasonal diapause. The gut pigment of C. glacialis C5 was higher at night and was correlated with ambient Chl a (Chl a, and a significant increase was observed after the SWE (2.6 vs. 4.5 ng pigment ind.−1). The grazing impact by C. glacialis C5 was estimated to be 4.14 mg C m−2 day−1, which corresponded to 0.5−4.6 % of the biomass of the micro-size phytoplankton. Compared with the metabolic food requirement, C. glacialis feeding on phytoplankton accounted for 12.6 % of their total food requirement. These facts suggest that C. glacialis could not maintain their population by feeding solely on phytoplankton and that other food sources (i.e., microzooplankton) must be important in autumn. As observed by the increase in gut pigment, the temporal phytoplankton bloom, which is enhanced by the atmospheric turbulence (SWE) in autumn, may have a positive effect on copepod nutrition.
Implementation of an optimal stomatal conductance model in the Australian Community Climate Earth Systems Simulator (ACCESS1.3b)
Authors: Kala J. , De Kauwe M. G. , Pitman A. J. , Lorenz R. , Medlyn B. E. , Wang Y.-P , Lin Y.-S , Abramowitz G.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. We implement a new stomatal conductance model, based on the optimality approach, within the Community Atmosphere Biosphere Land Exchange (CABLE) land surface model. Coupled land-atmosphere simulations are then performed using CABLE within the Australian Community Climate and Earth Systems Simulator (ACCESS) with prescribed sea surface temperatures. As in most land surface models, the default stomatal conductance scheme only accounts for differences in model parameters in relation to the photosynthetic pathway, but not in relation to plant functional types. The new scheme allows model parameters to vary by plant functional type, based on a global synthesis of observations of stomatal conductance under different climate regimes over a wide range of species. We show that the new scheme reduces the latent heat flux from the land surface over the boreal forests during the Northern Hemisphere summer by 0.5 to 1.0 mm day-1. This leads to warmer daily maximum and minimum temperatures by up to 1.0 °C and warmer extreme maximum temperatures by up to 1.5 °C. These changes generally improve the climate model's climatology and improve existing biases by 10–20 %. The change in the surface energy balance also affects net primary productivity and the terrestrial carbon balance. We conclude that the improvements in the global climate model which result from the new stomatal scheme, constrained by a global synthesis of experimental data, provide a valuable advance in the long-term development of the ACCESS modelling system.
Impacts of grid resolution on surface energy fluxes simulated with an integrated surface-groundwater flow model
Authors: Shrestha P. , Sulis M. , Simmer C. , Kollet S.
Published: July 2015

Abstract. The hydrological component of the Terrestrial System Modeling Platform (TerrSysMP) which includes integrated surface-groundwater flow, was used to investigate the grid resolution dependence of simulated soil moisture, soil temperature, and surface energy fluxes over a sub-catchment of the Rur, Germany. The investigation was motivated by the recent developments of new earth system models, which include 3-D physically based groundwater models for the coupling of land–atmosphere interaction and subsurface hydrodynamics. Our findings suggest that for grid resolutions between 100 and 1000 m, the non-local controls of soil moisture are highly grid resolution dependent. Local vegetation, however, strongly modulates the scaling behavior especially for surface fluxes and soil temperature, which depends on the radiative transfer property of the canopy. This study also shows that for grid-resolutions above a few 100 m, the variation of spatial and temporal pattern of sensible and latent heat fluxes may significantly affect the resulting atmospheric mesoscale circulation and boundary layer evolution in coupled runs.
Análise da produção científica brasileira sobre fluxos de informação
Authors: Inomata Danielly Oliveira , Araújo Wánderson Cássio Oliveira , Passos Ketry Gorete Farias dos , Rados Gregorio Jean Varvakis
Published: July 2015

Objetivo. Este artigo apresenta e discute os conceitos, contextos e aplicações que envolvem os fluxos de informação nas organizações. Método. Revisão sistemática, seguida de uma análise bibliométrica e análise sistêmica. O processo de revisão sistemática compreendeu as etapas de: 1) definição das palavras-chave, 2) revisão sistemática, 3) exploração e análise dos artigos e 4) comparação e consolidação dos resultados. Resultados. A análise bibliométrica apresentou um extrato dos artigos mais citados, período cronológico, periódicos e palavras-chave de maior ocorrência, visando fornecer um extrato da relevância dos artigos quanto aos autores, datas das publicações, índice de citação, periódicos e palavras-chave com maior ocorrência. Conclusões. Constatou-se que ao avançar dos anos, uma ênfase tem sido dada à questão das redes de informação e do conhecimento, ou seja, estudos estão se voltando para a operacionalização e análise dos fluxos de informação em redes. A literatura analisada demonstra a relação do fluxo de informação com a gestão da informação, aplicada a diferentes contextos organizacionais, inclusive mostrando novas tendências em Ciência da Informação como o estudo e analise do fluxo de informação em redes.
As vulnerabilidades dos documentos digitais: Obsolescência tecnológica e ausência de políticas e práticas de preservação digital
Authors: Santos Henrique Machado dos , Flores Daniel
Published: July 2015

Objetivo. Este trabalho procura debater os pontos teóricos referentes à obsolescência tecnológica, implementação de políticas organizacionais, estratégias de preservação e sistemas informatizados. Método. Desenvolve-se o levantamento bibliográfico de materiais previamente publicados, como livros, teses, sítios da Internet e artigos de periódicos científicos indexados no Google Scholar e Portal de periódicos da CAPES. A coleta de dados tem como base a análise qualitativa, e realiza uma revisão de literatura capaz de apresentar o estado da arte sobre a preservação e a fragilidade dos documentos digitais. Resultados. Entre os resultados pode-se considerar a obsolescência tecnológica uma consequencia da própria tecnologia motivada por uma evolução desenfreada. Desta forma, vem atingindo softwares, formatos de arquivo, sistemas operacionais e profissionais responsáveis pela preservação, e assim coloca um parte significativa da memória das sociedades contemporâneas em risco. Conclusões. Destaca-se a importância da políticas institucionais, das estratégias de preservação digital e dos sistemas informatizados. Através destes será possível planejar, monitorar e tratar os documentos digitais, minimizando os efeitos da obsolescência tecnológica com a finalidade de preservar seu conteúdo e sua fidedignidade.
India's Journey with Corporate Social Responsibility-What Next?
Authors: Majumdar Arjya B.
Published: July 2015

One of the causes for raised eyebrows to the Companies Act, 2013 is Section 135. The provision mandates companies meeting certain requirements to compulsorily contribute to corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities, or explain the failure to do so. While this has been the subject of an ongoing debate ever since the provision was suggested in 2009, the provision in question has been met with considerable resistance from the industry. Arguments against Section 135 range from specific critiques of the semantics of the statute to critiques of the failure of India as a welfare state altogether.What this paper seeks is to attempt a definitive outline of the CSR law and practice in India, its roots in Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam, Gandhian philosophies and the pre-2013 position on CSR. It shall also attempt to provide a critical analysis of Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013 and how the provision may be ignored, or worse—misused. Three arguments are presented in this regard. Firstly, that Section 135 constitutes a departure from the accepted position that CSR needs to be imbibed into the business and management principles of a company and is heading towards a potentially destructive conversion of the principles of CSR into corporate altruism. Secondly, the provisions of Section 135 make the Board of Directors liable to show to their shareholders—the compliance of the company’s social responsibilities. Instead, if the company is to have and comply with social responsibilities, the same should be ascertained by the society, or at least a representative of society. Finally, there is a slew of extant laws in India which also mandate certain companies to take into account their social responsibilities.
Employing One's "Talents": The Power of Innovative Bond Transactions to Finance Catholic Nonprofits
Authors: Blain Christopher
Published: July 2015

This article discusses such new and innovative methods of bond financing that utilize unique security devices and repayment techniques in order to provide financing to nonprofit entities that otherwise would not have had access to capital on favorable terms. In Part I, this article will discuss how Catholic conduit mortgage bonds compare to more common municipal bonds, the specific terms of Conduit Mortgage Bonds, and offer a case study intended to demonstrate the mechanics of these bonds. Part II will discuss the comparative advantages of the Endowment Funding Program, explain the role of bond financing in the Program, and provide another case study. Part III will explain how the LIFT Bond Program is being used to facilitate structured giving—again with a focus on the role of bond financing as part of the Program—and analyze its role as one component in the larger Endowment Funding Program. Finally, Part IV will discuss the newest developments in the realm of Catholic conduit mortgage bonds.
The Impact of Interest Rate Ceilings on Microfinance Industry
Authors: Alshebami Ali Saleh , Khandare D. M.
Published: July 2015

Imposing ceilings on the interest rate has recently become one of the new hottest topics in microfinance industry; various debates have been discussing this issue to know the effect of interest rate ceilings on the supply of credit in particular and on microfinance industry in general. However in spite of the good intention behind these ceilings, there was no absolute result stating that ceilings have really contributed to the improvement or protection of the poor clients, indeed, these ceilings have hurt those low income people instead of helping them, due to these ceilings most of MFIs left the market or reduced their scale due to the inability to continue operating with low interest rate leaving the very poor clients without access to credit. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to review the impact of imposing such ceilings on the interest rates and to find out what alterative solutions can be employed as substitutes for them. This paper is entirely based on the secondary data collected from various records related to microfinance such as microfinance books, official websites and reports, published papers, and other sources related to the research subject.
Bilateral intratonsillar abscesses: A first case report in an adult patient
Authors: Cheong Jack Pein , Chong Aun Wee , Mun Kein Seong
Published: July 2015

Intratonsillar abscesses are not uncommon. The reported incidence of unilateral tonsillar abscess is 5 percent. There have not been any cases of bilateral tonsillar involvement previously reported. The clinical presentation of intratonsillar abscess are similar to peritonsillar abscess. Negative aspiration of pus from a case of intratonsillar abscess presumed to be peritonsillar abscess can lead to misdiagnosis and subsequent delay in treatment. We report a case of a 42-year-old diabetic patient with odynophagia, dysphagia, voice change, stridor and fever for a duration of four days. CT scan was performed in view of trismus and neck swelling as the initial provisional diagnosis of deep neck abscesses was made. The CT scan showed bilateral intratonsillar abscesses without involvement of other neck spaces. ‘Hot’ tonsillectomy was immediately performed after which the patient recovered well. Although uncommon, a high index of suspicion is required to diagnose intratonsillar abscess, especially in patient groups with high-risk factor e.g., diabetes mellitus with severe clinical complications.
AFLP analysis reveals infraspecific phylogenetic relationships and population genetic structure of two species of Aconitum in Central Europe
Authors: Mitka Józef , Boroń Piotr , Wróblewska Ada , Bąba Wojciech
Published: July 2015

The genetic diversity of two Aconitum species endemic to the Carpathian Mountains and Sudetes was studied. A reticulate evolution between them was earlier postulated as an effect of secondary contact. The genetic diversity at the individual and taxonomic levels was examined across the entire geographical ranges of the taxa in 11 populations based on 247 AFLP markers found in 112 individuals in the Sudetes and Western Carpathians. The overall genetic differentiation was greater within the Sudetic A. plicatum (FST = 0.139, P < 0.001) than within the Carpathian A. firmum (FST = 0.062, P < 0.001), presumably due to the long-lasting geographic isolation between the Giant Mts and Praděd (Sudetes) populations of the species. Interestingly, relatively distant and presently isolated populations of A. plicatum and A. f. subsp. maninense share a part of their genomes. It could be an effect of their common evolutionary history, including past and present reticulations. The introgression among infraspecific taxa of Aconitum is common, probably as a result of seed dispersal within a distance of ca. 20 km (Mantel’s r = 0.36, P = 0.01). Aconitum f. subsp. maninense had the highest genetic diversity indices: Nei’s h and rarefied FAr, and divergence index DW (P ≤ 0.05), pointing to its presumably ancient age and long-term isolation.
Morphological variability of leaves of Sorbus domestica L. in Croatia
Authors: Poljak Igor , Kajba Davorin , Ljubić Ivan , Idžojtić Marilena
Published: July 2015

The paper studies the morphological variability of the service tree populations in the continental and Mediterranean regions of Croatia. The inter- and intra-population variability, as well as eco-geographic population differentiation, was established on the basis of eight measured morphological characteristics of two types of leaflets (lateral and terminal) and two derived ratios, using descriptive and multivariate statistical methods. The conducted research established a high variability of morphological characteristics. In comparison with lateral leaflets, terminal leaflets showed a higher degree of variability for the majority of the studied variables. The differences between the trees within populations, as well as the differences between populations, were confirmed for all studied characteristics. The study also confirmed a trend of population variations according to the eco-geographic principle. Populations from climatically different and geographically distant habitats, in other words from the Mediterranean and the continental region, differed in the majority of studied characteristics. In addition to the established pattern of ecotypical variability between the continental and the Mediterranean regions, the clinal variability with regard to altitude and mean annual temperature was also confirmed. Small, although statistically significant clinal variability with regard to the longitude was recorded for two measured characteristics. The conducted study provided insights into the variability of the service tree populations in Croatia, which is a basis for further research that should be implemented in order to produce guidelines for the breeding and conservation of genetic resources of this rare and endangered noble hardwood species.