bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study of Adjustment of Rural and Urban Parents of Children with Mentally Retarded
Authors: Dr. S.P. Melkeri  , Mr. Shivalingaiah. M
Published: December 2021

To assessed and compared adjustments level of 100(one hundred) rural and  100 urban parents (one hundred) total two hundred parents of children with mentally retarded were assessed  in which of the deferent areas of the following Home, Health, Emotional, Social by using the bells adjustment scale. The difference of the rural parents of children with mentally retarded “t” value of 2.60 and urban parents of children with mentally retarded “t” value of 1.59.according to Bells adjustment scale there was a significant deference in health, home, social, and emotional adjustments among the urban and rural parents of children with mentally retarded with  a “P’’ value of<0.01 and 0.10.
A Study on Andragogy & Heutagogy in Adult Education with Reference to Bloom’s Taxonomy
Authors: Dr. Umashankar. K  , Prof. Charitra HG
Published: December 2021

The contemporary education portals have been witnessing the transformational change in terms of teaching-learning endeavours. It is also evident that as the learners climb the stairs of academic portals, the pedagogy is being gradually replaced by the andragogy that focuses more student-centric education rather than teacher-centric education. Besides, the Heutagogy is also gaining tremendous response from the professional learners’ community. As per the Heutagogy, the learners may pursue their education online without any constant instructions from the teacher, besides, it also focuses at connecting the learners across the geographical boundaries. Due to the factors like convenient learning and effective mode of knowledge transfer, the Heutagogy has been accepted by the renowned universities and they are offering many professional courses through online. The only purpose of these certificate is to build workplace skills among the professionals

The study focuses on the importance Andragogy and Heutagogy in the contemporary academic portals with reference to the Bloom’s Taxonomy in which the stages of learning processes are widely discussed. Besides, the population of 180 students were taken as sampling in order to collect the data. The results of the survey reports also determine that the professionals aspire more of Andragogical/Heutagogical learning processes than the traditional mode of learning in a classroom set-up. Further, the paper also suggests some of the effective learner-centric tools under Heutagogy that can effectively build the required professional skills among the professionals. Indeed, the suggested tools help the learners for an independent study and they are also intended to enhance their cognitive abilities.
Gender Differences in Social Relationships and Social Support of School Children
Authors: Om Parkash
Published: December 2021

The objective of the current study was to investigate the gender differences in social relationships and social support of school children. Total 165 (65 Males and 100 Females) school children participated in the study from different four senior secondary schools of Punjab. The age of the subjects ranged between 15 to 18 years with a mean age of 16.96 years. Social Relationships Scale and The Interpersonal Support Evaluation List have been used to collect data for social relationships and social support respectively. The results indicated no significant gender difference on overall social relationship and six dimensions of social relationship including parents, peers, siblings, teachers, relatives and strangers. However, a significant difference has been observed on the friend dimension (P < .01), being males on the higher side. Similarly, males also scored significantly higher on perceived social support (P <.05) than females. The results confirm the notion that females perceive low social support not only at higher stage of life, but this difference is rooted in their childhood and adolescent period also.
Impact of Societal and Cultural Beliefs on Inclusive Special Education Practices in the Indian Context
Authors: Sunaina Shenoy
Published: December 2021

In 1995, India passed The Persons with Disabilities (equal opportunities, protection of rights and full participation) Act, which guaranteed “free and appropriate education of children with disabilities up to the age of 18 years”. This law was finally enforced in 2005, with the National Curriculum Framework, which made it mandatory for every school to have a special education department that overlooked the inclusive special education needs of their students. At a macro level, this paper highlights the social, historical and cultural factors that affect special education policies and practices in India. And at a micro level, it aims to comment on how these factors percolate down to the school system and shapes pedagogical practices and educational placement decisions for students with disabilities.
Role of Emotion Regulation in Quality of Life
Authors: H K Manju  , Basavarajappa
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between Emotion Regulation and quality of life. Five hundred and thirty-eight adults, 262 men and 276 women, selected through random sampling method participated in the study. Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Quality of Life-BREF scale (WHOQOL-BREF) were used to gather data. Results of the study revealed a significant correlation between the variables; however, reappraisal showed a positive relationship with quality of life while suppression showed a negative relationship. There was no gender difference.
Relationship between Perceived Parenting Skills and Self Esteem among Adolescents
Authors: Niraja. S  , S. Meherunissa
Published: December 2021

This study is to find the relationship of perceived parenting skills (modes), with mothering and fathering impact on the self-esteem of adolescent. This study examines the skill of father, mother, and parental (as whole) influence on the self-esteem of adolescents. The study is based on adolescents’ perception of parenting. The study involves a sample of 255 adolescent students selected randomly from two schools in the urban area. The variables in the study were measured by using Parenting Scale (Bharadwaj, Sharma, and Garg, 1998), The Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale (Morris Rosenberg) and demographic details. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package (SPSS), with t-test, ANOVA and Karl Pearsons Correlation. The results showed that parenting styles had significant effects on adolescents’ self-esteem. It was also found that girls had a higher level of self-esteem than the boys. However no significant difference was found in the self-esteem of adolescents based on birth order and father’s occupation. The implication of the findings is that the type of parental upbringing has significant impacts on the self-esteem of adolescent and therefore, parents and caregivers should ensure the use of best practices in child upbringing.
Concept Map: A visual Learning Tool
Authors: Mrs. Jyotsana Gaur  , Dr. Ajay Surana
Published: December 2021

A concept map is a graphic organizer that can enrich learners’ understanding of a new concept and allow them to connect new concepts to the knowledge that they already have. Using visual organizer like concept map in the school classrooms helps learners to build up knowledge through active and meaningful learning. This Article explains the concept map as a visual learning tool and provides a framework for using concept map for meaningful learning. It also includes a step- by–step guide to construct concept map in the classroom.
Influence of Perceived Organizational Support, Organizational Commitment on Organizational Citizenship Behavior among Marketing Executives
Authors: S. DeviMageshkumar
Published: December 2021

Organizational citizenship behavior is considered as one of the vital element needed in the organizational to increase organizational effectiveness and productivity. The present study aims to study the influence of organizational commitment and perceived organizational support on organizational citizenship behavior among marketing executives. The study is Ex post facto in nature and the sample consists of 113 Male marketing executives from the sales and Marketing department in a Retail Organization with more than one year experience. The age group ranges from 19-32. The tools used in study include Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (Mowday, Porter & Steers, 1979), Perceived Organizational Support Questionnaire (Rhoades & Eisenberger, 2002) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior Questionnaire (Karunanidhi & Manimala, 2009). The statistical method used for the present study is Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation to find out the relationship among variables. Results of the study indicate that there is significant relationship between organizational commitment and organizational citizenship behavior; there is no significant relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational citizenship behavior and there is no significant relationship between perceived organizational support and organizational commitment. From the present study it is concluded that organizational commitment influence organizational citizenship behavior among marketing executives.
Psychometric Properties of Personality Scale (Triguna Personality – Sat, Raj, Tam) among the Adult Person
Authors: Gaukaran Janghel  , Dr. Priyamvada Shrivastav
Published: December 2021

To establish the psychometric properties of the personality scale in assessed on personality attributes for adult population. Survey type research and correlational design were use. The personality scale was administered on the adult population (N=200, Age group 30-60 years) of Raipur City, Chhattisgarh, India. The psychometric properties of the scale were established by computing Exploratory Factors analysis, reliability (Cronbach’s Alpha) and validity. The result of the exploratory factor analysis in varimax rotation model reveals that 29 items were significantly loaded in three factors out of 30 items. Each items of the scale were highly discriminate. The reliability of personality scale Cronbach’s Alpha is 0.84.The psychometric properties of the personality trigun scale confirm that it is reliable and valid measure of personality attribute (e.g. sat, raj and tam) among adult with age range of 30-60 years.
Socio-Economic Status and Well-being among Early Adolescents
Authors: Sundaram Divya  , Raj Paul
Published: December 2021

McAllister (2005) defined Well-being as “The absence of illness or pathology with subjective and objective dimensions” and states that Well-being can be measured at individual or societal level, accounting for the elements of life satisfaction that cannot be influenced by economic growth. Socio-Economic Status (SES) is defined as the hierarchy of social positions which describes a person’s social standing or class (Graetz, 1995) and gender refers to the array of socially constructed roles and relationships, personality traits, attitudes and behaviours that the society ascribes (Moser, 2003). The impact of Socio-Economic Status on Well-being studies the perception of the individual towards his/her Well-being in terms of their stand in the socio-economic strata of the society. There are no significant studies in this area of research correlating Socio-Economic Status, gender and Well-being of early adolescents and hence the study would be of importance. This research focuses on the measurement of the impact of Socio-Economic Status and gender on the Well-being of early adolescents, aged between 14-16 years. A purposive sample consisting of 200 adolescents (n=200), 100 boys and 100 girls from government and private schools in South India would be selected for the study. The Socio-Economic Status Scale (SESS) and the Personal Well-being Index- School Children (PWI-SC) will be used to measure Socio-Economic Status and Well-being respectively. The obtained data would be analysed using mean, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The Socio-Economic Status is expected to affect the Well-being of children in terms of their personal as well as environmental conditions. The perception of Well-being is expected to be higher among girls than boys. The study will provide an insight of how the Socio-Economic Status of the family and gender will affect the perceived Well-being of the early adolescent. The study will serve as adequate data in understanding factors affecting Well-being and in devising ways of improving the basic needs of adolescents. It can help in the formulation of policies towards adolescents, in designing their educational curriculum, etc. It can also help in the designing of intervention for ‘at-risk’ adolescents.
Emotional Intelligence in Patients with High Blood Pressure and Heart Disease
Authors: Kantariya Ashok S  , Desai Minakshi D
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the differences on emotional intelligence among patients with high blood pressure and heart disease and normal people. The random sampling method was used in this study. The total sample consisted of 120 subjects out of which 60 were patients with high blood pressure and heart disease and 60 were normal people. Patients were from the various hospitals of Bhavnagar District. Emotional Intelligence Scale developed by Schutte used to measure the emotional intelligence. The data were analyzed using t-test. The result showed that there is significant difference on emotional intelligence among patients and normal people. Normal people scored higher on emotional intelligence than the patients with high blood pressure and heart disease.
Assessment of Socio-Educational Status of Irula Tribe School Students in Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
Authors: R Balamurali Krishna  , Dr. N Prathiba
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study is to assess the socio-educational status of Irula tribe middle adolescent school students in the hilly hamlets of Kunjapanai and Anakati, the most backward regions of Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu. The study focuses on 6 areas namely, School Curriculum, Parental Role, Sports, Sanitation, Awareness and Abuse. The Findings and recommendations of the study have been documented. The key highlights of the study admits that majority (~74%) of the students rate their school as ‘Average’ due to the poor infrastructure; Didactic mode of teaching is still dominant; Parents role is minimal in their children’s academics; No formal exposure to Sports is available for students, even though ~64% of them prefers to participate in sports and games; Lack of toilet facility, cleanliness and maintenance compels the students to opt for practicing the open defecation; Majority of students don’t have appropriate awareness regarding their career growth. Lastly, almost (~96%) of the students has been subjected to Corporal Punishment in one-way or the other. These need of the students’ voices for proactive intervention of Panchayat, NGOs and local bodies to ameliorate the condition.
Women in Corporate World: Walking the Tight Rope
Authors: Dr Gayatri Phadke  , Sharda Ratna Sitaraman
Published: December 2021

In this article, we bring to you different aspects of gender stereotyping and its deeper implications on women working in the corporate. The study conformed to Double-Bind Dilemma for Women in Leadership: Damned if You Do, Doomed if You Don’t, Catalyst series sponsored by IBM Corporation, which also examined barriers to women’s advancement, and indicated how gender stereotypes can create several predicaments for women leaders. It indicated how cultural conditioning and unintended biases at workplace seemed to playing a big role in gender stereotyping. The study also indicated that the dilemma of double bind affected not only the perceptions of others, but also perceptions of women themselves, leading to a confusion in the style of leadership to be adopted at workplace, and reduced confidence in their selves. Many women respondents also attributed the underestimation of their capability to their upbringing, and socio-cultural factors that pre-determined the superiority of men over women in society leading to women ‘belittling’ themselves in some manner.
Impact of Depression on Academic Achievement among Engineering Students
Authors: Sindhu P
Published: December 2021

The main aim of the present study was to find out the effects of depression on Engineering students academic performance. The target population of the study comprised of students of few Engineering colleges under VTU (Visvesvaraya Technological University). For the study, a sample of 20 Undergraduate students of the Visvesvaraya Technological University (studying Engineering) was taken. The Beck’s Depression Inventory was used to measure the level Depression among the students. The in-depth investigation of the findings obtained through this study reveals that there exists a relation between Depression and Academic score of students. The findings of the study will be useful in assisting Educators, Counsellors, Psychologists, and Researchers to develop strategies to enhance students’ psychological well-being.
General Well-Being of Students and Professionals in the Field of Performing Arts in Relation to Gender and Experience
Authors: Parthraj Parmar
Published: December 2021

Well-being is the state of being happy, healthy and prosperous. Well-being or welfare is a general term for the condition of an individual or group, for example their social, economic. Psychological, spiritual or medical state:  high well being means that, in some sense, the individual’s or group’s experience is positive while low well- being is associated with negative happenings. Well-being is equated with the experience of pleasure and the absence of pain over time. The less psychological pain an individual is experiencing the more he or she is going to expenence well-being. When someone is experiencing positive well-being they are also experiencing a few other things. It involves a sense of self-fulfilment, which is the feeling of being happy and one is doing something that fully uses your abilities and talents. The feeling of having a purpose in life and connection with others are also contributors to the idea of well-being when people feel as though they have a purpose in the world they feel like they belong. They feel like they matter and it goes back to be idea that we were created for and by a purpose. Mental Health Week in 2015 has drawn attention to a new evidence-based research study that focuses on workers in the entertainment industry. The report found that entertainment industry workers are at a higher risk of experiencing a mental health problem than the rest of the general population. Because of the lifestyle and the hours that people in the entertainment industry actually work, their ability to access mental health services suffers. There is significant difference in the general well-being among male and female students in the field of performing arts. It means that the general well-being of male students is better than that of female students in the field of performing arts. It implies that there is greater negativity, anxiety and frustration among the female students. There is greater stress, depression and competitiveness amongst them affecting their general well being.
Emotional Intelligence and Spirituality: A Review
Authors: Renu Sodhi
Published: December 2021

It is generally believed that people with high I.Q. (Intelligence Quotient) better accomplish in life. But some recent researches indicate that people’s EI (emotional intelligence) and SI (spiritual intelligence) might be greater predictors of success than their I.Q. (Goleman, 1995). ‘EI’ is the ability to monitor one’s own and other’s feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them and to use this information to guide one’s thinking and actions. ‘Spirituality’ is the basic feeling of being connected with one’s complete self, others, and the entire universe. This study reviewed the previous researches which explored association between emotional intelligence and spirituality. Sample size is 40 published articles, over the period 1998-2012. Findings of this study are EI and SI is associated with lower level of stress and better health outcomes and has a positive impact on psychological as well as physical health functioning, and also plays a better role in context of education and organization.
Career Education – Important Factor in Socio-Professional Integration
Authors: Ionut Vladescu
Published: December 2021

Socio-economic changes at the national level have led to considerable changes in the education system. The labour market becomes more complex, so it the beneficiaries of educational services need to take realistic decisions regarding their career. This requires adjustments not only when one is employed but also throughout his/her education. To integrate into the labour market graduates must be prepared to adapt to new market and society requirements, which are always changing. This mechanism can be achieved only through knowledge of internal resources and their further development should be continuous preoccupation.
Level of Stress and Its Association with Socio-Demographic Factors among Medical Students of Rawalpindi Medical College
Authors: Dr. M. Kashif  , Madiha Fatima  , Badur-un-Nisa  , Dr. Shazia Hassan  , Irsa Ghazal  , Dr. Faiza Aslam
Published: December 2021

Stress among medical students is a common experience. This cross-sectional study was conducted at Rawalpindi Medical College, Pakistan in 2015 to determine level of stress of students. To a sample of 292 students, semi-structured Performa along with Student-Life-Stress-Inventory scale was applied. Data was analyzed using independent sample t-test and Pearson’s chi square test at 5 % level of significance. 25%, 52.7%, 22.3% students were mildly, moderately and severely stressed respectively. Statistically significant gender differences were observed in three domains of scale. In most of subscales the scores attained by male students were higher as compared to female students. Moderate stress being most commonly prevalent and was more common in female students as compared to male students.
Development of Stress Scale for Caretakers of Mentally Disabled Children
Authors: Dr. Prerna Puri  , Ms. Nidhi Purohit
Published: December 2021

Present study aimed to construct a “Stress Scale for Caretakers of Mentally Disabled Children”.  48 items from the preliminary draft of 70 items, having difficulty index of .17 or above and discrimination index of .16 were selected for the final scale. Validity of the scale was ascertained by Pearson r, which was .96. Reliability of the scale as determined by split half method was .94. Seven areas of stress were taken. The standardization sample constituted of 300 caretakers of children with different neuro-developmental disability.
Adjustment and Scholastic Achievement among Higher Secondary Students of Residential and Non-Residential Schools
Authors: A.H.S. Vithal
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to find out the relationship of adjustment to scholastic achievement of Residential and Non Residential School students. The sample consisted of 30 Male students (Residential); 30 Female students (Residential); 30 Male students (Non Residential); 30 Female students (Non Residential) and their combined mean age was 16.27 years. The data was collected using tools: (1) Bell’s Adjustment Inventory (Indian Adaptation) by Dr. Lalita Sharma. The statistical analysis was done by using mean, standard deviation, product moment correlation technique (r) and t-test. The findings are as follows: 1) There is significant positive relationship of adjustment to scholastic achievement (0.768**). 2) There is no gender difference in the overall adjustment (0.185) and scholastic achievement (0.728). 3)  There is no difference in the overall adjustment (0.772) and scholastic achievement (1.537) of residential and non-residential school students.
Psychoeducation an Effective Tool as Treatment Modality in Mental Health
Authors: Prashant Srivastava  , Rishi Panday
Published: December 2021

Psychoeducation is an adjunctive approach which has the immense potentialities to reduce the relapse as well as rehospitalization rates and mental health costs in relapsing psychiatric disorders. Psychoeducation is understood as systematic, structured, didactic information on the illness and its treatment options and psychoeducation aims to enable patients as well as family members to cope with the illness. This paper shows that how psycho education is an effective tool as treatment modality in mental health. Psycho education has very important place in treatment and rehabilitation of patients with psychiatric disorders. Psychoeducation give directions to individuals with mental disorders and their family member about nature, course and prognosis about illness.
Educational and Occupational Aspiration In Relation To School Environment of the Secondary School Students of South Kamrup Area of Assam- A Study
Authors: Bhargab Pratim Bora
Published: December 2021

Aspiration means the goal that individual set for him in a task which has intense personal significance for him and in which his ego is involved. School is one of the major agencies of socialization which has great influence and bearing on the development of aspirations of the child. It is the School which sets the pattern for the child’s attitude towards people and society, aids intellectual growth in the child and supports his aspirations and achievements. A positive affective School environment increases the livelihood that a child can initiate and persist in challenging and intellectual tasks. Thus the present study is envisaged to assess the Educational and Occupational aspiration of the Secondary School students in relation to their School Environment. The main purpose of the study was to find out the level of Educational and Occupational aspiration in relation to the School environment of the Secondary School students. For the study, 12 Provincialized Co-Educational Secondary schools were selected as sampled Schools by using simple random sampling technique and 490 Class-X students from the sampled schools were selected. Educational aspiration scale (EAS), Occupational aspiration Scale (OAS) and School Environment Inventory were used as tool of the study.
Adult Sibling Relationship in Indian Families: A Study on Middle-Aged Adults
Authors: Shalini Barthwal  , Mudassir Mohi-Ud-Din  , Dr. Manju Pandey
Published: December 2021

The present research was done with the objective of comparing Adult Sibling Relationship among middle aged adults (mean age range= 46.5 years) living in extended and nuclear families.100 adults of Dehradun city were contacted to collect the data, out of which n=50 represented extended families with their siblings living under one roof and n=50 were living in nuclear family. The Adult Sibling Relationship Scale by Nandwana & Katoch was used to study the Variable. The scale is categorized into four dimensions (contact, emotional closeness and conflict, confiding). t- test was applied on the data, the result yielded that adults living in extended families enjoy a high congenial sibling relationship as compared to adults  living in nuclear families. Adults living in extended families are not only in frequent contact with their siblings because of proximity but are also more emotionally close with them as compared to adults living in nuclear families.
The Psychic Alternation Theory (PAT) – Model of Life Stage Crises in general and Mid-life Crisis in Particular
Authors: KV. Anoopkumar  , Annuradha Anoop
Published: December 2021

Human mind in the psychoanalytic framework is understood to be structurally consisting of the triad of Id, ego and super ego. According to the psychic alternation outlook; the ego rather than being a mere mediating force, is understood to be a dynamic concept, subjected to inherent internal transformations, periodically. Hence there is a cyclic transformation of the ‘ego’ under the influence of its inherently predetermined and periodically fluctuating driving forces (‘eros’& ‘thanatos’). The “Psychic Alternation Theory” postulates that, this inherent tendency towards ego transformations, contributes to the possible origin of life stage crises like Midlife-crisis. This transformation appears to be an unconscious tendency inherent to all individuals irrespective of racial, cultural or geographical differences. Moreover this transformation of the nature of the unconscious aspect of ‘ego’, from ‘life-centered’ to ‘death-centered’, seems to be persistent and periodically cyclic in any individual. In spite of this the appearance of a life-stage crisis at any vulnerable point in lifespan is not a universal phenomenon, owing to the influence of the ‘ego-strength’ emanating from the cross sectional disposition of the ‘will’.
A Case Study of Hypnoplasty for Migraine Headache
Authors: Dr. Anu Teotia
Published: December 2021

Migraine headache is a type of headache, which may have both organic and psychological causes. Even if it does not have a psychological origin, psychological factors like stress, anxiety and frustration have a tendency to aggravate the condition many a times. Thus the psychologists and the medical practitioners both have a role to play in the management and the treatment of the migraine headaches.

This paper is a case study of hypnotherapy, more specifically hypnoplasty with an adolescent girl who came with a problem of migraine headaches. She was given two sessions of hypnoplasty and one of age-regression with therapeutic –interview and one of positive suggestions. After these four sessions, two follow-up sessions, first after a time-period of fourteen days (two weeks) and second after a fifteen days gap were also conducted, during which she reported a remarkable decrease in the frequency and intensity of the migraine headaches. Her primary expectation of getting a drug-free treatment for her migraine problem was fulfilled to a great extent as she stopped taking medicine, when she got 60% decrease in the intensity of the pain after the session of age-regression with therapeutic-interview. According to her verbatim report, she was able to perform better academically as due to the decrement in the intensity and the frequency of the headache, now she is better able to concentrate during studies and also finds studies more interesting.
Anxiety and Mobile Numbers
Authors: Mr. Sayyed Salar Gaffar  , Dr. Ghoti Ravindra M
Published: December 2021

Background: Nearly 53% of mobile phone users in Britain tend to be anxious when they “lose their mobile phone, run out of battery or credit, or have no network coverage. Anxiety is an unpleasant emotional reaction of Stress to an expected danger. We presented study on “Mobile number’s category wise Anxiety of Undergraduate Medical Students.” Methodology: The sample consists total 90 students; age 18-25 drawn Randomly from colleges of Aurangabad City (M.S.). Sinha’s Comprehensive Anxiety Test (S.C.A.T.) was administered. The data were treated by Descriptive and Inferential research statistical methods (i.e. Mean & S.D.) and Single Factor Design (i.e. ‘f’ test). Results and Conclusion: It was observed that: 1) There is significant difference in Anxiety of Undergraduate Medical College Students among 1 to 9 categories of Mobile phone numbers.
Effect of GSR Biofeedback Relaxation Training on Blood Glucose and Anxiety Level of Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mahendra Kumar  , Dr. Deepak Pandey  , Dr. Priyamvada Shrivastva
Published: December 2021

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of GSR (galvanic skin resistance) biofeedback relaxation technique on blood glucose and anxiety level of type 2 diabetes patients. The total sample size for this study was 12 diabetes patients include 6 male and 6 female participants. Incidental sampling method was adopted to select the sample. Intervention program for the study was 20 days for each patient. The blood glucose and anxiety level were measured before and after the training on day 1st and 20th. Result indicates that there is significant mean difference between the score of blood glucose in pre and post conditions of the interventions. The blood sugar level of type 2 diabetes patients is lowered in post condition indicating the influence of biofeedback intervention. A sample of adequate size may reveal a significant effect of biofeedback. There is significant mean difference between the score of state – trait anxiety among pre and post test score of type 2 diabetes patients.
The Learning Burden- Problem of Curriculum Load
Authors: Dr. Kadambari Naniwadekar
Published: December 2021

Concerns regarding academic burden on students, especially students with special needs and unsatisfactory quality of learning has been talked about time and again. The problem has been discussed extensively by several committees, with several recommendations on reducing the academic burden on the students. But instead, the problem has grown more acute with the passing time and increased competition. This problem of academic burden manifests itself in many ways for our children with special needs, the most common being behaviour problems and sometimes academic under achievement. The situation has become worse over the years even with children  both typically developing and with special needs attending pre- schools carrying a bag full of books and notebooks.
It is very hard to reconcile the rigorous ‘academic’ regime that is imposed on children with hearing impairment from an early age with the widespread complaint made about moving at the same pace with the typically developing children and competitive ethos of the later school years. The pernicious grip of this false argument manifests itself in strange preschool and primary schools practices like early emphasis on shapely writing, memorizing information and so on.  One message of this situation is that both the child and the teacher have lost the ‘joy of learning’.
This study aimed at investigating the impact of overload or academic burden of the curriculum on children with hearing impairment and how it affects the psychological well being of these children. The study proposed to develop tool to identify the factors leading to stress in these children with special needs and then correlate with the academic performance and behaviour problems, if any.
Effect of Adaptive Yoga Therapy in Increasing Hand Steadiness among Children with Intellectual Disability
Authors: Ms. Manisha Sharma  , Mr. Shashi Kumar  , Dr. B.S. Chavan
Published: December 2021

Yoga is an ancient Indian tradition which has diverse effect through physical and mental practices. Several studies showed the effect of yoga in the various health aspects of human body. It improves the general health, neurological functioning and physical activity. Researches also showed a great literature on the effect of yoga on the attention, concentration and problem solving of the students. Present research was intended to see the effect of yoga on the hand steadiness of children with ID. To conduct the experiment researcher had selected 20 children with ID with predetermined inclusionary criteria from GRIID and randomly assigned to the two groups (Experimental/Control).intervention was given to the experimental group, regularly for 5 days week, daily one hour up to 3 months and no any treatment given to the control group. They have attended their routine classes. In results it is found that students who got the intervention, showed a significant effect on decrease in the errors on hand steadiness test in comparison to the control group with t value 3.84 and 6.43 respectively.
Effect of Gender and Mothers Occupation on Adjustment and Self Esteem of Adolescent Subject
Authors: Km. Anshu  , Pushpendra Rao Upadhyay  , Dr. Asha Bhatnagar
Published: December 2021

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of gender and mother’s occupation on Adjustment and Self esteem of adolescent subjects. The sample include a total 160 male and female subjects. These subjects were consisted of two group of gender i.e.; 80 girls and 80 boys and each group was further consisted of two groups according to their mother’s occupation working mother’s (80ss) and nonworking mother’s (80ss) i.e.; working mother female (40ss) male (40ss), nonworking mother female (40ss) male (40ss) in this way a 2×2 Factorial design was used in the study. Data was collected with the help of Indian adaptation of Bell’s Adjustment Inventory by Dr.(Smt.) Lalita Sharma, and Self –esteem inventory for adolescence by M. S. Prasad and G. P. Thakur. Obtained data was analysis by means and Anova. Results indicates that these appear to be a significant effect of gender and self esteem in adolescence.
Psychosocial Consequences among Elderly Living In Institutional and Non-Institutional Settings
Authors: Nagesh Jamwal
Published: December 2021

Background – Elderly people face many psychological, physical and socio economic morbidities due to ageing. Institutional settings have been opened for those elderly people who are neither able to take care of themselves nor is there any person to look after them. Objectives- The present research work was conducted to study the quality of life, loneliness and psychological distress of the elderly males and females living in institutions and non-institutional settings in urban Jammu district. Methods –The study was conducted using purposive sampling on 40 elderly living in institutional settings and 40 elderly living in non- institutional settings in the age range of 60-80 years. Tools used – GHQ  by Gautam, Nuhawan and Kamal ,UCLA loneliness scale(Russell, 1996)  and WHO (QOL-BREF, 1998),  was used. Results – The results revealed significant differences on loneliness and quality of life between those living in institutional settings and those living with their families.
Eating Disorders among Psychic Patients: A Clinical Study
Authors: Anil Kumar Jain  , Sandeep Kumar
Published: December 2021

Background: Eating disorders (ED) are common conditions that have gained increasing attention over the last two decades. This study was conducted to correlate the eating disorder with body weight dissatisfaction (BWD) and body shape dissatisfaction (BSD) in study population. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in department of Psychiatry in year 2012. It was cross sectional type of study conducted on 2360 patients visited the department with any psychiac disorders. Patient information regarding name, age, gender etc was recorded. Body mass index (BMI) was also recorded. Patients were asked to reply the Eating aptitude test (EAT) and BSQ questionnaire. EAT is 26 items evaluated attitudes, feelings and preoccupations in relation to food and weight. The BSQ is a self-report, 34 items questionnaire that evaluates feelings of low self-esteem, the desire to lose weight and body dissatisfaction. For detecting body shape dissatisfaction (BSD), Cooper and Taylor classification was used. The BSD value, <81-slight BSD value, 81- 110- moderate BSD and BSD value 111-140- extreme BSD. For detecting BWD, discrepancy between students current and desired weight was considered. Results: Out of 520 patients, 250 (48%) were males and 270 (51%) were females. 40% (208) had BSD, 60% (312) had BWD, 20% (104) had positive EAT, 60% (338) had normal weight, 10 % (52) had underweight and 25% (130) had overweight. The magnitudes of BSD in patients with positive EAT. 94 patients (90%) with a positive EAT expressed BSD. Out of 104 slightly dissatisfied BSD patients, 26 had positive EAT. Of 56 moderately dissatisfied BSD patients, 54 had positive EAT. Of 48 severely dissatisfied BSD patients, 14 had positive EAT. The difference was significant (P<0.05). Patients with overweight had significantly higher BSD, BWD and positive EAT Conclusion: Eating disorders are increasing day by day. This is an alarming signal for most of the people and westernization is playing important role in this. There is need to educate the people psychologically also.
A Comparison among Orphans and Non-Orphans in their Cognitive Styles and Level of Aspiration
Authors: Anne Samyukta
Published: December 2021

Many studies are conducted comparing orphans with non-orphans focusing more on the negative aspects of their mental health, but the motive behind initiating the current study is with positive intention. In the present study orphan children were compared with non-orphans in their cognitive styles and level of aspiration.  The sample of the study consisted of 40 orphans and 40 non-orphans from the city of Hyderabad. Story Pictorial Embedded Figure Test and Levels of Aspiration Measure were administered to measure their cognitive style and level of aspiration respectively. The study findings showed that orphan children are more field-independent compared to non-orphans and there is no significant difference their level of aspiration.
Personality Factors as Determinants of the Stress Experienced By the Adolescents
Authors: Jyotsna Singh  , Dr. Fariha Ishrat Ullah
Published: December 2021

Adolescence is an age of opportunity for children, and a pivotal time for us to build on their development in the first decade of life, to help them navigate risks and vulnerabilities, and to set them on the path to fulfilling their potential. During adolescents there are high rates of drug abuse, suicides, social withdrawals, alcohol abuse or sudden angry outbursts. The present study aims at investigating the personality factors as determinants of the stress experienced by the adolescents.  Anything that poses threat to our wellbeing is a stress for us. Stress is experienced by everyone from time to time. Not all stress is bad, thus, there is both eustress and distress. According to Baum (1990), stress is any uncomfortable emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological and behavioral changes. Hans Selye defined stress as a non-specific response of the body to any demand for change. Adolescence has been considered, almost by definition, a period of heightened stress (Spear, 2000) due to the many changes experienced concomitantly, including physical maturation, drive for independence, increased salience of social and peer interactions, and brain development (Blakemore, 2008; Casey, Getz, & Galvan, 2008a; Casey, Jones, & Hare, 2008b). Although new-found independence can be stimulating it may also lead to feelings of being overwhelmed by change, which has historically led some researchers to characterize adolescence as ridden with ‘storm and stress’ (Hall, 1904). Thus, being pushed under the pressure of increased competition mostly in career opportunities, parent/ peer/ teacher’s pressure, there is lot of stress among adolescents and there is high need to focus on this issue amongst them. Many factors affect stress, personality is one major amongst them. Specific inherited characteristics, early experience in life, and particular, learned cognitive predispositions make individuals more or less susceptible to the effects of stressors.  Intensity of stress response are greatly dependable on age, gender, intelligence, and numerous characteristics of personality, such as hardiness, locus of control, self-efficacy, self-esteem, optimism, hostility (component of type A personality) and type D traits (negative affectivity and social inhibition). The increasing number of suicide rates indicates that there is stress among adolescents, so we can work on the personality traits which help in reduction of stress amongst adolescents such as resilience, hardiness etc. Thus, to understand the relation between personality and stress, it is essential to recognize the impact of individual differences on stress. Quantitative method is being used by the researcher. Appropriate data analysis will be done.
Attitude of Indian Youth towards Homosexuality
Authors: Sahni S  , Gupta B  , Nodiyal K  , Pant V
Published: December 2021

Homosexualism is behaviour or a phenomenon in which individuals of the same sex are attracted to or have sexual relations with each other. In India, homosexuality is a taboo subject. Much research has not been conducted to understand the attitude of Indian youth towards homosexuality. The aim of the present research was to measure the implicit attitude, and a comparative analysis between the contact group (those who are in contact with homosexual individuals) and the non-contact group (those who neither know nor are in touch with homosexual individuals) was conducted. Implicit Association Test (Greenwald, McGhee, Schwartz, 1998) was used to gauge the implicit attitude towards homosexual individuals. 100 (50 males and 50 females) undergraduate and graduate students of Delhi and NCR were taken as sample in the study. It has been highlighted through various studies that people might show a positive or a neutral attitude towards homosexuality but unconsciously it may not always be the case. The contact hypothesis (Allport, 1954) suggests that the prejudice against homosexuals can be mitigated by encouraging interpersonal contact between non-homosexual and homosexual population. The findings of this study suggests that the contact group held a positive attitude towards homosexuals (30 out of 50), while the non-contact group held a negative one (40 out of 50).
Comparison of Management of Depression in Different Age Groups: A Clinical Study
Authors: Anil Kumar Jain  , Sandeep Kumar
Published: December 2021

Background: Depression has been considered 4th causes of diseases worldwide according to World Health Organization (WHO). Depression requires proper diagnosis and management in different age groups. This study was conducted to evaluate the comparison of management of depression in different age groups, especially in young, middle and older age groups. Materials & Methods: This study was conducted in department of Psychiatry in year 2010. Those who were diagnosed and obtained treatment in year 2010 were enrolled and considered for the study. It consisted of 240 patients diagnosed with depression. They were divided into 3 groups depending upon age. Group I (Young group) – <40 years, group II (Middle aged group) – 40-60 years and group III (Older group)- >60 years. Each group contained 80 patients each. We evaluated number and type of drugs used for antidepressant treatment, their effectiveness (psychotherapy, pharmacotherapy, combination of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy, spontaneously remission). Results: This study comprised of 240 patients. They were divided into 3 groups depending upon age. Group I (Young group) – <40 years, group II (Middle aged group)- 40-60 years and group III (Older group)- >60 years. Each group contained 80 patients each. The difference was no significant (P<0.05). 40% of patients in group I, 45% in group II and 65% in group III were of 1 drug only. 20% in group I, 25% in group II and 10% in group III was on 2 drugs. 10% in group I, 15% in group II and 5% in group III was on 3 drugs. Patients were on no drug in group I (30%), group II (15%) and group III (10%). The difference was no significant (P<0.05). 40% of patients were on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), 25% were on combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines (BDZ) and 35% were on benzodiazepines only. In group II, 35% of patients were on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), 40% were on combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines (BDZ) and 25% were on benzodiazepines only. In group III, 40% of patients were on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), 42% were on combination of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and benzodiazepines (BDZ) and 12% were on benzodiazepines only. The difference was significant in all the groups regarding combination therapy and benzodiazepines (P<0.05). Type of therapy used in all groups was either general practitioner (GP) support, psychotherapy, pharmachotherapy, pharmachotherapy or GP support, combination of psychotherapy and pharmachotherapy. There was significant difference in all the groups regarding combination therapy (P<0.01). Conclusion: Young patients usually do not take any medication in depression. Older take more than 1 or 2 medication at same time. Young patients were more on SSRI while older were equally on SSRI and combination of SSRI & BDZ.