bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação da eficácia do sistema rigeneracon no tratamento de lesões de calvária em ratos
Authors: Lima F.C.S. , Teixeira M.W. , Silva Júnior V.A. , Costa A.B.B. , Lima V.C. , Souza H.C.V. , Barros M.E.G. , Graziano A. , Naro F. , Soares A.F.
Published: February 2021

RESUMO Defeitos ósseos constituem um problema de saúde global. O sistema Rigenera permite a extração de microenxertos ricos em células-tronco mesenquimais (CTMs). Objetivou-se avaliar o processo de regeneração óssea por enxertos obtidos pelo sistema Rigenera em defeitos críticos na calvária de ratos. Foram utilizados 18 ratos Wistar, machos, pesando 285±29g, distribuídos em três grupos (n=6), sendo cada animal controle de si mesmo, denominados G15-Controle e G15-Tratado (15 dias); G30-Controle e G30-Tratado (30 dias) e G60-Controle e G60-Tratado (60 dias). Foram realizadas duas lesões de 5mm de diâmetro em cada antímero da calvária. Nos grupos tratados, foram utilizados microenxertos autólogos de cartilagem xifoide, obtidos pelo sistema Rigenera. O defeito contralateral serviu como controle em todos os animais. Os animais foram eutanasiados aos 15, 30 e 60 dias após a cirurgia, e as amostras foram processadas para a histoquímica. Nos grupos controle, não foram observados sinais de regeneração óssea, enquanto nos grupos tratamento foram verificadas áreas de formação óssea e tecido mesenquimal ativado. O sistema Rigenera foi eficiente na obtenção de microenxertos autólogos, para terapia celular em defeito crítico de calvária de ratos. Com o aprimoramento do protocolo, o sistema Rigenera poderá ser amplamente utilizado no tratamento de lesões ósseas.
Use of essential oil on digestive health and blood parameters of maintenance horses
Authors: Pombo G.V. , Pereira, Y.S. , Gonzaga I.V.F. , Taran F.M.P. , Mazzo H.C. , Françoso R. , Centini T.N. , Gobesso A.A.O.
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Essential oils (EO) such as carvacrol represent a wide range of mainly volatile aromatic plant compounds which hold antioxidant, antibacterial and antifungal potential, in addition to other properties of interest to animal health, such as the ability to modulate the microbiome. Current horse care commonly involves an intensive management system with an excessive use of concentrated feed, which can lead to severe digestive and metabolic disorders. Studies with EO in horses are limited, but the use of carvacrol essential oil (CEO) can promote benefits in microbial fermentation. The objective was to investigate the effect of different quantities of CEO on the apparent total digestibility of nutrients, microbial profile in the feces and postprandial blood glucose and insulin response when added to the equine diet. Eight Mini-Horse geldings were used (42±6 months; 135±15 kg BW) and fed with a proportion of 60% concentrate and 40% grass hay. The treatments were: 0, 100, 200 and 300 ppm of CEO. The addition of CEO up to 300 ppm did not influence the apparent digestibility of nutrients or the postprandial plasma glucose and insulin response. The use of CEO maintained the fermentative digestive health of horses fed with concentrate diets.
Arranjo institucional e a capacidade estatal de implementação do Projeto Mais Médicos Brasil (PMMB)
Authors: Macedo Alex dos Santos , Ferreira Marco Aurélio Marques
Published: February 2021

RESUMO Introdução: O arranjo institucional de implementação do Projeto Mais Médicos Brasil (PMMB) envolve diversos atores governamentais e não governamentais em níveis distintos da federação. Trata-se de um complexo arranjo conduzido de forma intersetorial e colaborativa, que demanda a mobilização de capacidade de coordenar e articular os responsáveis por sua condução. Sendo assim, analisaram-se as implicações dos arranjos institucionais e de suas inter-relações com as capacidades estatais, que podem afetar o desempenho e a entrega dos objetivos pretendidos pela intervenção. Materiais e métodos: Para tanto, realizaram-se oito entrevistas com atores-chaves, ligados direta ou indiretamente à implementação do projeto, em nível federal, no período de julho de 2018 a janeiro de 2019, bem como análise documental. Resultados: Os resultados apontam que, no começo, o arranjo facilitou a construção de capacidades técnico-administrativa e político-relacional que permitiram superar os desafios, em termos de coordenação dos diversos atores e das burocracias, em nível interfederativo, a fim de levar médicos aos locais desassistidos ou com dificuldades de fixá-los. Entre outras questões, contribuíram neste processo a aceitação social da intervenção, a geração de resultados em curto prazo e a centralidade da política na agenda governamental. Entretanto alterações, no contexto sociopolítico, que culminaram, em mudança governamental e de atores centrais quanto ao arranjo de implementação, aliado à resistência de grupos de interesse, enfraqueceram as capacidades de entrega dos resultados da intervenção. Discussão: Fica evidente que as capacidades de implementação de uma política pública não são fixas e demandam constante ativação de seu arranjo institucional.
IgA vasculitis (Henoch-Schönlein purpura) nephritis and psoriasis in a child: is there a relationship?
Authors: Vaz Ana Sofia , Penteado Raquel , Cordinhã Carolina , Carmo Carmen , Gomes Clara
Published: February 2021

Abstract Background Psoriasis is a chronic immune-mediated disorder that primarily affects the skin in both adults and children but can also have systemic involvement, particularly with arthritis and kidney injury. IgA nephropathy is the most frequent kidney disorder associated with psoriasis. Approximately one third of all cases of psoriasis begin in childhood, but association between psoriasis and renal disorders has scarcely been reported in pediatric patients. Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by IgA deposits in the vessel walls of affected organs and in the mesangium of the kidney. HSP nephritis histopathology is identical to IgA nephropathy. Case report A 6-year-old boy with recent onset of psoriasis developed HSP with kidney involvement, clinically manifested by nephrotic-range proteinuria and hematuria. Kidney biopsy revealed fibrocellular glomerular crescents and mesangial IgA deposits compatible with IgA nephropathy. Treatment with systemic corticosteroids led to the control of hematuria, but as nephrotic-range proteinuria persisted, cyclophosphamide was added, leading to a gradual decrease in proteinuria. Conclusions We propose an underlying common mechanism in the pathogenesis of both HSP and psoriasis, involving a dysregulation of the IgA-mediated immune response, which could predispose to both entities as well as to kidney damage and IgA nephropathy in these patients.
Marcos de referencia en toba del oeste de Formosa (Guaycurú, Argentina)
Authors: Carpio María Belén
Published: February 2021

Resumen En este trabajo se analiza el subdominio espacial de la estasis angular o los marcos de referencia en toba del oeste de Formosa (guaycurú, Argentina), desde la perspectiva de la tipología semántica. El corpus está compuesto por datos recolectados, a partir del estímulo visual ‘Men and Tree Photo Matching’ (Levinson et al., 1992), en la comunidad de Vaca Perdida (Formosa, Argentina). Los marcos de referencia detectados son de tipo absoluto, centrado-en-el-objeto y directo. Los dos primeros codifican información posicional y de orientación, mientras que el marco de referencia directo solo expresa la orientación del hombre respecto del centro deíctico. El uso del sistema de coordenadas absoluto y la codificación de información acerca de la orientación del hombre son preponderantes en el corpus analizado. La aplicación del mismo estímulo visual para el análisis de los marcos de referencia en otras lenguas del Gran Chaco sudamericano permitirá contar con un corpus de datos comparable regionalmente, y así contribuir al avance del conocimiento de la estructura del dominio semántico del espacio.
The Actor-Document: traits of a poetics that challenges the limits between presence and representation
Authors: Cobello Denise
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT During the 1960s and 1970s, Argentine theater experienced an almost simultaneous interest in the documentary and the political, as well as a experimental hybridization of forms. Later developments led to the autobiographical theater of the 1980s and 1990s and to the biodrama of the 2000s. Mi vida después [My life after] by Lola Arias is a renowned play derived from these traditions. By analyzing the model of acting of this work and study the figure of the actor-document and its contribution to contemporary theater. The actor in this model brings into crisis notions of illusion and mimesis and challenges the limits between fiction and reality by constantly oscillating amidst presence and representation.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS OF VANCOMYCIN POWDER FOR DEEP WOUND INFECTION PROPHYLAXIS IN SPINE FUSION
Authors: Alemán-Villalón Alonso , Moheno-Gallardo Alfredo Javier , Elizalde-Martínez Eulalio , Quiroz-Williams Jorge , González-Ross Jorge Alvaro
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the cost effectiveness of vancomycin powder in the prophylaxis of posterior lumbar spine instrumentation, seeking potential savings. Methods: A retrospective, observational study was performed to evaluate the cost effectiveness. Data were retrieved from patients’ files from March 2016 to April 2017; costs were considered for the procedures, as well as which antibiotic was used. Results: A total of 184 patients were included. Of these, 102 received prophylactic treatment with 1g of cephalothin and 82 received 1g of cephalothin and 1g of vancomycin powder, which was applied to the wound prior to tissue closure. Of the 184 patients, 110 were women (59%) and 74 were men (41%), and the mean age was 55 years (24-77). The participants had a median BMI of 28.9 kg/m2 (19-39). The average cost per hospitalized patient was $3974 USD and the average cost of rehospitalization due to infection was, on average, $7700 USD. The use of vancomycin powder led to cost savings of $75,008.79 USD per 100 posterior spinal fusions performed for degenerative spine. Conclusion: The use of vancomycin powder is a cost-effective option for prophylaxis of surgical site infection in spine fusion. Level of evidence III; Economic and decision analysis.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF CERVICAL SAGITTAL BALANCE WITH RADIOGRAPHS IN DIFFERENT POSTURES
Authors: Lima Vania Maria , Toller Guilherme Reiff , Olivares Nilson Mozas
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the cervical sagittal balance in groups of patients submitted to lateral radiographs of the cervical segment, with the upper limbs in two different positions. Methods: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative, prospective, descriptive study using radiographic analysis of 100 adult individuals, aged between 20 and 70 years. Two lateral radiographs were taken of each patient, one image with the upper limbs crossed over the trunk (flexed elbows) and the other with the upper limbs elevated in front (extended elbows). All patients answered a questionnaire about age, sex, presence of pain in the cervical spine, as well as degree of pain based on the Likert scale. The radiographic parameters evaluated were the COBB angle (Cobb), thoracic inlet angle (TIA), T1 slope, neck tilt and distance from the center of gravity (COG) of the skull to C7 (COG-C7) with the elbows in extension (Ext) and flexion (Flex). A p-value of less than 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. Results: Sixty patients were female (60%) and forty were male (40%). The data analysis obtained showed statistical significance in Cobb Flex vs. Cobb Ext (p = 0.000), TIA Flex vs. TIA Ext (p = 0.000), T1 Flex vs. T1 Ext (p = 0.000), Neck tilt Flex vs. Neck tilt Ext (p = 0.000), and COG-C7 Flex vs. COG-C7 Ext (p = 0.000). Conclusion: There was statistical significance in relation to the positioning of the upper limbs in the lateral radiographs, yielding higher values in the angulations with the limbs raised towards the front (extended elbows). Level of evidence II; Prospective Comparative Study.
Academic Motivation and the Impact of Distance Learning During Lockdown: University Students' Perspective
Authors: Kitova Elena , Troshkin Matvey
Published: February 2021

High academic motivation is regarded as a key to a student’s good academic performance and, consequently, a successful future. The spread of online learning not only provided new opportunities for students and educators, but also stimulated interest in the factors that affect academic motivation for this model of education. The situation of spring 2020, when Russian universities switched to remote learning, provided an opportunity to research the relative value of motivation-influencing factors for the students who normally study offline, but unexpectedly found themselves in a new study environment. In early July, 2020, the authors conducted an opinion survey of students (N = 274) from three Russian universities with the following goals: creating a rating of factors that influence academic motivation, obtaining the respondents’ opinions regarding the amount of time spent on studying and its difficulty during lockdown, monitoring changes in motivation after the transition to remote learning. The obtained data show that most respondents rated intrinsic factors as being most important for their academic motivation, however, such extrinsic factors as teachers and their relations with students also make a considerable impact on motivation. Academic motivation is positively affected by the perceived value of new knowledge and skills, by understanding the role of education for future success, and also by material/mo­netary incentives. The most prominent negative factors are a lack of time and absence of a good study environment. Most respondents stated that transition to remote learning made studying harder and more time-consuming. The lockdown is shown to have had a negative effect on motivation for most students, which indicates that extrinsic factors, primarily, the study environment and the smoothness of communication, play a vital role in academic motivation. These results help to gain a better understanding of academic motivation from the students’ perspective, and could be taken into consideration by educators and administrators when making decisions on the study format and the design of offline and online courses.
Development and Implementation of the Grant Support System for Socially Significant Youth Projects in the Irkutsk Region
Authors: Khokhlova Natalya , Mersheev Ilia
Published: February 2021

This article examines modern trends in state grant support for youth in the Russian Federation. Examples of relevant practices in regions and municipalities are given. The results of the All-Russian competition of youth projects for the last four years are analyzed, including the activity of participation of youth and educational organizations in the regions of the Siberian Federal District. Particular attention is paid to the problem of conducting an expertise of youth projects. Ways of creating and implementing a system of grant support for socially significant youth projects in the Irkutsk region are considered. It means a set of necessary measures to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the projects implemented in different areas. The importance of combining the goals of grant support with the socio-economic goals of the region is emphasized. The procedure for introducing a system of grant support for youth in the Irkutsk region is proposed. Emphasis is placed on the need for comprehensive information support of the competition not only at its initial stage, but also after its completion.
Entry of Trans-Baikal Enterprises into Chinese Markets: the Problem of Formulating an Effective Marketing Strategy
Authors: Kovalchuk Lyudmila
Published: February 2021

In terms of science, entry of an enterprise into a foreign market is a problem of internationalization. Investigation of this issue over the past decades has allowed us to form a scientific base, which represents the process of internationalization of a national company as a complex process that includes both organizational and marketing aspects. In particular, success of an entry is ensured by taking into account the needs of foreign customers, as well as passing through a number of stages, accompanied by the identification of peculiarities of the foreign market and the accumulation of experience necessary for promotion on the international market. The entry of Trans-Baikal Territory into the Far Eastern Federal District and the opportunity to use additional benefits for business that has arisen opens up great opportunities for entrepreneurs to create new products, introduce new technologies, reduce costs and, thus, open up prospects for promotion on foreign markets. From the point of view of international business theories, the start of operation in foreign markets should be connected with the markets of neighboring countries. For the manufacturers of Trans-Baikal Territory, China is such a market. At the same time, its attractiveness is determined by a number of market factors. Consideration of these factors makes it necessary to develop an international marketing complex for each exporter. The problem is that most of the exporting enterprises representing small and medium-sized businesses lack experience and financial capabilities to develop an international marketing mix. The article shows the possibilities of solving the problem, taking into account the characteristics of the Chinese market. The most promising areas for the development of international business are the production of agricultural and food products. The national project «International Cooperation and Export» allows using the competitive advantages of the Trans-Baikal producers and provides them with a sufficiently strong position in the future.
ICHTHYOFAUNA OF INTERTIDAL ZONE FROM KAMCHATKA’S NEIGHBOURING WATERS AND ADJACENT NORTH-WESTERN PART OF THE BERING SEA
Authors:   Kamchatka Branch of Pacific Geographical Institute FEB RAS, Tokranov A.M.
Published: February 2021

The composition of intertidal ichthyofauna from Kamchatka’s neighboring areas is characterized. Since 1930-es, 61 fish species from 17 families have been recorded in the intertidal zone, and most (82%) are rep-resentatives of Scorpaeniformes and Perciformes. Fishes recorded in the intertidal zone are components of six ichthyocenes, but its nucleus (86.9%) is formed by representatives of only 3 of them: littoral, sublittoral, and elittoral ichthyocenes. Most species are rare (56.3−81.8%). Juveniles constitute a prevailing proportion of fish species recorded in the intertidal zone near Kamchatka waters.
Tissue Procurement: Cryopreservation with OCT Compound v1
Authors: Wiles Kerry
Published: February 2021

Specimens are frozen to provide a hardened matrix for sectioning and to preserve the morphological, biochemical, and immunological properties of cells and tissues. Freezing tissue specimens has the potential to eliminate many problems associated with standard practices of chemical fixation and paraffin or resin embedding. In practice however, freezing can dramatically alter the physical and chemical structure of cells and tissues and cause the formation of ice crystals. Cryoprotectant agents control the rate of cooling in order to limit the formation of ice crystals. Optimal Cutting Temperature (OCT) is a routinely used water-soluble glycol and resin cryoprotectant agent that provides an excellent specimen matrix for cryostat sectioning at temperatures of -10°C and below.
Microstructure formation and mechanical properties of isothermally-solidified titanium alloy joints brazed by a Ti – Zr – Cu – Ni – Be amorphous alloy foil
Authors: Morokhov P. V. , Ivannikov A. A. , Popov N. S. , Sevryukov O. N.
Published: February 2021

Two titanium alloys, OT4 and VT6-c, with a pseudo-α and α + β structure, respectively, were brazed using transient liquid phase (TLP) bonding. To obtain high strength joints an amorphous foil (Ti – 12Zr – 22Cu – 12Ni – 1.5 Be – 0.8V wt.%) was used. Based on microstructural studies and analysis of two- and three-component phase diagrams, the mechanism of the microstructural evolution of the brazed seams of titanium alloys OT4 and VT6-c is described. Brazing at 800 °C with exposure for 0.5 h leads to the formation of a heterogeneous structure consisting of Widmanstätten, eutectoid, and eutectic. Brazed OT4 and VT6-c joints with the presence of a eutectic layer in the centre show low mechanical properties; their ultimate strength lies in a range from 200 to 550 MPa. Increasing the brazing temperature to 840 °C and the exposure time to 2 h, leads to the disappearance of the brittle eutectic component from the seam. This structure typically consists of Widmanstätten with a small number of eutectoid fractions. Joints with the absence of a eutectic layer in the brazed seam demonstrate a strength equal to the base titanium alloys. In this case, failure occurs in the base metal. For brazed samples from the OT4 alloy, the tensile strength value is σb = 750 ± 3 MPa, and for samples from VT6-c, σb = 905 ± 3 MPa. This work was supported by Competitiveness Growth Programme of the Federal Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education National Research Nuclear University MEPhI (Moscow Engineering Physics Institute).
Bridging the Gap: Making Sense of the Disaccord between Migrants’ Education and Occupation
Authors: Waldendorf Anica
Published: February 2021

Social mobility is a central topic of interest within sociology and whilst it has been theoretically linked to spatial mobility, there is still little empirical research on the interplay between the two. Using a subsample of highly educated family migrants from a German mixed-methods project, this study qualitatively analyses the impact of geographical mobility on objective social position and on its subjective perception. Six qualitative interviews are analysed and supplemented with descriptive quantitative data from the German Socio-Economic Panel to firstly, reconstruct the spatial mobility trajectories of the individuals and secondly, determine their social position in Germany and ascertain whether they experienced occupational downgrading. These two analyses are integrated to explore how respondents experienced their change in social position. Across the board, respondents migrated as young adults, before or shortly after labour market entry. Five of the participants experienced occupational downgrading. Strikingly, this objective downgrading, whilst acknowledged, was not perceived negatively. The participants constructed a narrative that employed three legitimation strategies to cast their current social position in a positive light: (1) emphasising the rights, stability and security that they experience in Germany, (2) drawing attention to the economic improvement that they experienced and (3) displaying an inner attitude that is marked by modest life aspirations and a high regard for leisure time. By drawing on multinational frames of reference and thus drawing comparisons between their home country and Germany, participants highlighted the experienced benefits.
New Horizons? Comparisons and Frames of Reference of Polish Multiple Migrants Worldwide
Authors: Salamońska Justyna , Winiarska Aleksandra
Published: February 2021

Building on the literature on transnational social fields (Levitt & Glick Schiller, 2004) and the research agenda on pluri-local transnational studies (Pries, 2001), in this article we examine the processes of Polish migrants’ social positioning. Nowadays many migrant trajectories are more complex than moving just from one place to another, involving repeated migration spells, returns, and onward mobility. In particular, multiple migration routes involving more than one destination expand the horizons lived by migrants and hence the frames in which they can position themselves. We adopt an actor-centred approach to better understand how highly mobile individuals negotiate social comparisons concerning the contexts they have engaged in during their multiple migration spells. This article draws on qualitative data from the MULTIMIG project that examines Polish migration worldwide. The analysis is based on a qualitative panel study with 70 Poles living abroad, who have the experience of multiple migration (who have lived in two countries outside of Poland for at least three months in each). The interviews shed light on how Polish migrants make social comparisons, and in particular, which frames of reference they adopt.
Anti-hypertensive and anti-oxidant activities of walnut almond oil, and corn and candesartan on L-NAME induced hypertensive rats
Authors: Mohammed Saman , Hussein Ridha
Published: February 2021

The present study aims to investigate the effects of almond oil, walnut oil, corn, and candesartan on the blood pressure (BP) and some biochemical parameters in L-NAME-induced hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced experimentally by administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg of body weight) dissolved in water by gavage. The animals were randomly divided into six groups: normal control, hypertensive (HT), HT+ Walnut oil (3ml/kg body weight), HT+ Almond oil (3 ml/kg body weight), HT+ Candesartan (3mg/kg body weight) by gavage, and HT+ Corn (%30 of diet), At the end of the experiments blood sample were taken from rats by heart puncture. The results indicated that administration with L-NAME induced hypertension after four weeks in rats by significantly increasing the BP, and significant elevation in the level endothelin1(ET-1), angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE), and serum malondialdehyde (MDA) were observed. Whereas the levels of nitric oxide (NO) and reduced glutathione (GSH) decreased. Supplementation of walnut oil, corn, and candesartan for three weeks was significantly reduced blood pressures, ACE, ET1, and MDA and a non-significant decrease in ACE concentration by candesartan. While hypertensive rats treated with walnut oil and corn showed significant elevation of NO, GSH. But almond oil supplementation diminished MDA and GSH concentrations. Finally, the results revealed that corn more effectively than walnut oil and near the action of candesartan while almond oil non-significant effect on hypertension.
On the Boundedness of Solution of the Parabolic Differential Equation with Time Involution
Authors: Ashyralyev Allaberen , Ahmed Amer
Published: February 2021

In the present paper, the initial value problem for the parabolic type involutory partial differential equation is investigated. Applying Green’s function of space operator generated by the differential problem, we get formula for solution of this problem. The theorem on the existence and uniqueness of bounded solution of the nonlinear problem with involution is established.
Portion of Primes in Short in Intervals and Landau's Inequality
Authors: Hassani Mehdi
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we study Landau’s inequality concerning primes counting function, asserting that $\pi(2x)<2\pi(x)$ for $x$  sufficiently large.  We give some variants of this inequality to study portion of primes in intervals with similar length.
Challenges Of Virtual Mode Of Education Faced By The Higher Secondary Students During Covid 19 Lockdown
Authors: Das Dr. Rumpa
Published: February 2021

The virtual mode of education became popular during the lockdown which was the result of the Covid-19 pandemic. Education of the country cannot be stopped as it can affect the countries in an adverse way. Education plays an important role in the development of any country. In the pandemic virtual mode of education acts as a saviour for the students and provides a way for the students to continue their studies by following the social distancing. However, having several benefits it has major challenges which are faced by the students of higher education. Research methodology can maintain overall strategy and procedure of this study. Positivism research philosophy has been selected for this study. Deductive research approach has been selected in this study. Secondary data collected from published journal, books, and articles for this study. Along with his secondary data analysis process is used in this study. Descriptive research design has been selected for this study. Main objective of this study is to identify challenges of virtual mode of education. This study is trying to justify impact of this virtual mode of education on Higher Secondary students during Covid-19 outbreak.
Construção retórica da argumentação jurídica
Authors: Adeodato João Maurício
Published: February 2021

Resumo: Este artigo pretende compreender o que se deve entender empiricamente por argumentação. Pode-se dizer que praticamente todos os autores que se interessam por teoria da argumentação permanecem presos aos cânones criados a partir da Retórica de Aristóteles. Isso significa que assumem uma perspectiva metodologicamente normativa, ou seja, os autores discutem como acham que a argumentação deveria ser e não como ela efetivamente acontece. Este trabalho apela à tradição anterior a Aristóteles e defende a tese de que a argumentação vai muito além da persuasão, pois o discurso humano é também constituído por outras vias e ações linguísticas em que o orador não visa convencer os participantes. Metodologicamente adota uma postura descritiva e procura explicar as diferentes maneiras pelas quais o discurso efetivamente ocorre, deixando em segundo plano a opinião de cada autor sobre como ele deve ser.Palavras-chave: retórica jurídica realista, argumentação, erística, persuasão.Abstract: This article aims to understand what should be understood empirically by argumentation. It can be said that the overwhelming majority of authors who are interested in argumentation theory remain attached to the canons created from Aristotle's Rhetoric. This means taking a methodologically normative perspective, that is, the authors discuss how they think argumentation should be and not how it actually happens. This paper appeals to the tradition prior to Aristotle and defends the thesis that argumentation goes far beyond persuasion, because the human discourse is also constituted by other linguistic ways and actions in which the speaker does not aim to convince the participants. Methodologically it adopts a descriptive stance and seeks to explain the different ways in which the discourse effectively occurs, leaving in a secondary place the opinion of each author on how it should be.Keywords: realistic legal rhetoric, argumentation, eristic, persuasion.
Comparative assessment of composites landing adaptation for dental restoration in experiments
Authors: Gushchin A. A. , Adamchik A. A.
Published: February 2021

Background. In modern dental practice, there is a problem of complications after treatment of caries, such as the postoperative sensitivity of the tooth, formation of secondary caries, and caries complications in the form of pulpitis or periodontitis of the tooth. In addition, this problem exists despite the achievements in the production of high-quality composite filling materials, which are very popular among dentists worldwide. One of the problems that lead to complications after caries treatment is a violation of the integrity of the adhesive bond between the composite and the tooth tissue, which is manifested by a violation of the seal of restoration and the formation of a gap between the filling material and the tooth tissues. This in turn leads to the development of tooth sensitivity and the possibility of bacterial invasion between the filling material and the walls of the tooth, followed by the progression of the pathological process. In the scientific literature, there is evidence of the positive effect of preheating and vibration on the composite before its polymerization.

Aim. Additionally, the purpose of this study is to determine the effect of physical impact, such as heating and vibration, on the composite using ultrasound in order to improve the quality of the adhesive fixation of the composite filling material to the walls of the tooth.

Materials and methods. The study was conducted on the extracted teeth of patients. Based on this, we have proposed a method for the simultaneous thermo-vibration action on a non-polymerized composite directly in the formed tooth cavity to improve the physicochemical, including the adhesive, properties of light-curing composites.

Results of the study revealed a statistically significant positive effect of thermo-vibration on the composite, not only in comparison with the classical method of working with the composite at room temperature, but also with the method of preheating the composite in a furnace used for heating the composite.
Integral assessment of the population risk of generalized periodontal disease
Authors: Bekjanova Olga E. , Rizaev D. A. , Rizaev E. A. , Alimjanov K. D.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The development and prevalence of generalized periodontitis is caused by a combination of many factors: climatic, geographical, gender, age, presence of somatic pathology, etc.

Aim. This study analyzes the population determinants of the risk of generalized periodontitis.

Material and methods. Epidemiological surveys of the population of the adult population of Uzbekistan aged 20 and more than 60 years were carried out. Using regression analysis, we determined the contribution of risk factors for the development of periodontal diseases to the presence/absence of disease in the population.

Results. In terms of impact on the occurrence of periodontitis, the factors are as follows: on the 1st place is the non-compliance with hygiene of the oral cavity, the contribution factor is 0.301 units; on the 2d the presence of chronic somatic diseases, 0.252 units; on the 3rd the predominance of carbohydrates in the diet, 0.252 units; on the 4th low income increases the presence of periodontitis to 0,139 units; on the 5th social conditions, 0.139 units; on the 6th smoking, 0.106 unit; 7th low social status that increases the risk of periodontitis in the population by 0.0524 units of measurement and on the 8th male sex, leading to an increase in the prevalence of periodontitis in the periodontal diseases by 0.0185 units of measurement.

Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to calculate the load by risk factors. At the same time, in age groups, compared with the General sample, it changes from negative values in age groups up to and including 45 years and to positive values in elder people. Similarly, the additional risk of periodontitis due to the load of risk factors changes in the population.
Los ajustes razonables: Estrategia de inclusión laboral para las personas con diversidad funcional en Colombia
Authors: Aristizábal Gómez Kelly Viviana , Rodríguez Buenahora Orlando , Blanquiceth Ulloa Victoria Andrea
Published: February 2021

La discriminación y la desigualdad en las oportunidades y condiciones laborales son evidentes en el ámbito del trabajo. Específicamente, los derechos laborales de las personas con diversidad funcional son vulnerados por la sociedad incapacitante, que crea para ellos obstáculos físicos y actitudinales que generan la discapacidad. Frente a lo anterior, el modelo social enfocado en derechos y las acciones afirmativas son aspectos fundamentales para lograr la inclusión laboral de las personas con diversidad funcional. Debido al escaso y desorganizado desarrollo jurídico y doctrinal de los ajustes razonables en Colombia, se trazó el objetivo general de esta investigación, que fue establecer su alcance jurídico en los puestos de trabajo para las personas con diversidad funcional en Colombia. Para lograrlo, se hizo una revisión bibliográfica de fuentes nacionales e internacionales, interpretación de normatividad jurídica y análisis jurisprudencial en el ámbito nacional relacionada con el tema mencionado, como parte del método documental y del enfoque cualitativo. Como resultados, se estableció el alcance, que comprendió su concepto, clasificación según el tipo de discapacidad y sus límites. Para finalizar, Colombia tiene un deber constitucional de garantizar la inclusión laboral de las personas con diversidad funcional, sujetos de derechos y de especial protección constitucional, con respaldo de la Convención sobre los Derechos de las Personas con Discapacidad. Pues bien, los ajustes razonables no son concesiones especiales, sino más bien, un deber para la sociedad de conocer, aplicar y, en consecuencia, respetar los derechos humanos de las personas con diversidad funcional.
«Орудия слабых»: неформальная экономика сельских домохозяйств
Authors: Виноградский Валерий Георгиевич
Published: February 2021

Исследования неформальной экономики сводятся обычно к рассмотрению стратегий и тактик экономических агентов, изобретающих различные способы заработать, оставаясь при этом вне зависимости законов и формальных правил. Эта экономика интерпретируется как нерегулируемая, не подчиненная формальному экономическому праву. В статье содержится попытка более широкого истолкования неформальной экономики как некой «суммы технологий», в основе которой лежит логика, не сводящаяся к системе чисто экономических соображений и намерений, устремленных лишь к выгоде и доходности. Речь идет о логике повседневной жизни, укорененной в обстоятельствах данного локального сообщества, семейного, родового, а затем и сельского мира. Автор пытается описать инструментарий социального выживания сельских домохозяйств и указать на панораму отношений, выстраиваемых с опорой на традиции и обновляемых под давлением жизненных обстоятельств.
Escola como disputa: juventude e cultura escolar em contextos de ocupação (Rio de Janeiro/2016)
Authors: Nicodemos Alessandra , Alves Ana Carolina Oliveira , Sobral Silva Henrique Dias
Published: February 2021

As ocupações de escolas públicas no Rio de Janeiro ocorreram no ano de 2016 e empreenderam um novo processo de entendimento dos jovens a respeito da escola e de sua estrutura de organização e direção. Com o objetivo de mapearmos as formas de aproximação entre cultura juvenil e cultura escolar e, ainda, os sentidos de origem dos ocupantes, recorremos às metodologias dos grupos focais e à revisão bibliográfica da literatura especializada, cotejando-as na busca de um entendimento mais plural das referidas ocupações considerando, principalmente, os projetos e as vozes dos estudantes envolvidos. A conclusão é que as ocupações foram, antes de tudo, um momento de tensão entre a cultura juvenil e a cultura escolar, alimentando-se e negando-se ao longo desse processo. Avaliamos, além disso, que as análises acadêmicas acerca do fenômeno devem reforçar as problematizações a partir de categorias internas ao movimento que, longe de fragilizá-lo, sublinham suas especificidades.
Sexual Variability of Histological Skin Parameters of Salamandrella keyserlingii (Amphibia, Caudata) in the Aquatic and Terrestrial Phases of its Seasonal Cycle
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Evseeva Sophiya S. , Yartsev Vadim V. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: February 2021

Histological features of the dorsal (DS), throat (TS) and tail skins (caudal skin, CS) were examined in Salamandrella keyserlingii females of the aquatic and terrestrial morphotypes. Using histological and statistical methods, sexual differences in the relative areas of epidermis, strata compactum and spongiosum, connective tissue in the whole, granular and mucous glands were measured. In the aquatic phase, males, in comparison with females, have larger areas of the connective tissue in TS and DS, a larger area of the epidermis in CS, but smaller areas of the granular glands in the upper part of CS and elements of the connective tissue in the lower part of CS. In the terrestrial phase, sexual differences were weakly expressed. Females, in comparison with males, have larger areas of the connective tissue in the whole and its stratum spongiosum in the upper part of CS. Elements of the connective tissue made the greatest contribution to the formation of sexual differences of the skin in S. keyselingii.
ARTE E DELÍRIO: INTERSECÇÃO ENTRE ARTE, POLÍTICA E ECONOMIA NO AMAZONAS
Authors: Leão Howardinne Queiroz
Published: February 2021

ResumoO presente artigo visa discutir, a partir do livro Arte e delírio - reflexões sobre a cultura no Amazonas, escrito em 1985, pelo Diretório Universitário da Universidade do Amazonas (UA), pilares importantes que geraram uma reflexão acerca do pensamento artístico no Amazonas. O livro é composto por cinco ensaios, e cada escritor correspondeu a sua verve: Antônio Paulo Graça discutiu a literatura no Amazonas pela dialética da dependência; Aldísio Filgueiras retratou a relação entre a literatura e poder; Narciso Lobo propôs um diálogo sobre representação de identidade através do filme de Bodanzky, Iracema - uma transa amazônica; Bosco Ladislau promoveu uma reflexão sobre o desenvolvimento da pintura no Amazonas; e finalmente Dori Carvalho, por meio de sua experiência pessoal, encetou uma discussão sobre o teatro na cidade de Manaus. Artistas da geração de oitenta, mobilizados pelas ações da UNE, propõem uma reflexão crítica, sobretudo, aos artistas amazônicos, de como resistir diante de um painel histórico cercado por heranças colonialistas. Ainda, por meio de outros pensadores, pretende-se acrescentar a discussão, na medida do possível, um olhar atual de alguns dos temas levantados pelos autores.AbstractThis article aims to discuss, from the book Arte e delírio - reflections on culture in Amazonas, written in 1985, by the University Directory of the University of Amazonas (UA), important pillars that generated a reflection about artistic thought in Amazonas. The book consists of five essays, and each writer corresponded to his own verve: Antônio Paulo Graça discussed literature in Amazonas through the dialectic of dependency; Aldísio Filgueiras portrayed the relationship between literature and power; Narciso Lobo proposed a dialogue on identity representation through Bodanzky’s film, Iracema - an Amazonian sex; Bosco Ladislau promoted a reflection on the development of painting in Amazonas; and finally Dori Carvalho, through her personal experience, started a discussion about theater in the city of Manaus. Artists of the eighty generation, mobilized by the actions of the UNE, propose a critical reflection, above all, to Amazonian artists, of how to resist before a historic panel surrounded by colonialist inheritances. Still, through other thinkers, it is intended to add the discussion, as far as possible, a current look at some of the themes raised by the authors.
I-MARGENS DE UM CARUANA ENTRE ESTÉTICAS DE GUERRILHAS
Authors: Weyl Francisco
Published: February 2021

ResumoEste artigo reflete questões artísticas, políticas, antropológicas e identitárias, que atravessam ações culturais em comunidades periféricas e quilombolas da Amazônia Paraense, sendo um recorte à pesquisa que desenvolvo no âmbito do Programa Doutoral em Artes Plásticas da Faculdade de Belas Artes da Universidade do Porto, tendo esta narrativa emergido das memórias de práxis transgressoras que caracterizaram resistências coletivas no cenário da arte contemporânea e da antropologia visual, particularmente nas experiências do Projeto Mola, junto a crianças, jovens e adultos em comunidades tradicionais do Município de Cametá, Pará, onde foram realizadas oficinas de Cinema de Guerrilha e outras práxis pedagógicas democráticas subjacentes à construção e à produção de obras audiovisuais, culminando-se com o surgimento da metodologia de ensino do cinema, batizada de “Caruana das Imagens”.Abstract“I-Margins of a Caruana between Guerrilla Aesthetics” reflects artistic, political, anthropological and identity issues, which cross cultural actions in peripheral and quilombola communities in the Paraense Amazon, and is an excerpt from the research developing under the Doctoral Program in Visual Arts at the Faculty of Fine Arts of the University of Porto, this narrative emerged from the memories of transgressive praxis that characterized collective resistance in the contemporary art and visual anthropology scene, particularly in the experiences of Projeto Mola with children, youth and adults in traditional communities in the municipality of Cametá, Pará, where Guerrilla Cinema workshops and other democratic pedagogical praxis underlying the construction and production of audiovisual works were carried out, culminating in the emergence of cinema teaching methodology, called “Caruana das Imagens”.
Sumário
Authors: Científico Editor
Published: February 2021

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Reflections on Type III Error: Ethical Implications for Mental Health Research, Public Policy, and Population Health
Authors: Walkover Margaret
Published: February 2021

This reflection comments on Type III error—how the misrecognition of causal factors shaping the onset, acuity, and duration of mental health symptoms may lead to the design of interventions that compromise the health of populations. Type III error reveals the ethical challenges of research designs that answer the wrong question. The argument offered by Schwartz and Carpenter in their 1999 article, “The right answer for the wrong question: consequences of Type III error for public health research,” is used as a foil to discuss ethical implications for population mental health.
The Biopsychosocial Model: The End of a Reign of Error
Authors: McLaren Niall
Published: February 2021

Four decades after the publication of the concept of Engel's “biopsychosocial model” for medicine and its subsequent enthusiastic embrace by psychiatry, it is widely accepted as a valid alternative to the reductionism of biological psychiatry. However, unlike models in mainstream science, the original model has not been developed or expanded. Despite widespread efforts to “talk it up,” Engel's “biopsychosocial model” has failed to have any lasting impact on psychiatry. The reason is simply that it doesn't exist. The logical flaws in Engel's original concept are explored, and some consequences noted.
Validity of the Modified Dyspnea Index for the French–Canadian Population
Authors: Dore Michel , Provencher Steve , Poirier Paul , Gélinas Celine , Stoller James K. , de Oliveira Elaine Machado , Gallani Maria Cecilia
Published: February 2021

Background and Purpose

Multidimensional tools could evaluate the dyspnea of patients with chronic lung disease. The aim was to validate the use of the French–Canadian version of the modified dyspnea index (MDI) among patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) and interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods

The Spearman test analyzed the convergent validation of the MDI with pulmonary function tests (PFTs), New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, the Modified Borg Scale, the Veterans Specific Activity Questionnaire (VSAQ), physical capacity, physical activity (Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire [GSLTPAQ]), and quality of life (SF-12).

Results

The MDI had a low correlation with PFT and physical activity; a moderate with physical capacity; a high with the physical dimension (SF-12).

Conclusion

The results support the convergent validation of the MDI French–Canadian version with PAH or ILD.
Psychometric Testing of a Cardiovascular Disease Fatalism Instrument Among Adults With Cardiovascular Disease Risks
Authors: Adegboyega Adebola , Chung Misook L. , Moser Debra K. , Mudd-Martin Gia
Published: February 2021

Background

We modified a general health fatalism instrument to examine cardiovascular disease (CVD) fatalism because there is no specific CVD fatalism instrument (CVD-FI).

Methods

Adults with two or more CVD risk factors completed a 20-item CVD-FI rated on a 5-point Likert scale. Higher scores indicated higher CVD fatalism. Reliability and construct validity of the CVD-FI were examined using Cronbach's alpha, factor analysis, and hypothesis testing using correlation respectively.

Results

Cronbach's alpha was 0.89 supporting internal consistency. Hypothesis that individuals with lower adherence to healthy lifestyle will have high fatalism score was supported (Pearson's r = -0.151; p = .001), and factor analysis yielded a 4-factor solution.

Conclusions

CVD-FI is a reliable and valid measure of CVD fatalism. More research is needed to confirm the emergent 4-factor solution of CVD fatalism.