bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seismic effects of the MILROW and CANNIKIN nuclear explosions
Authors: Engdahl E. R.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Seismic effects of the underground nuclear explosions MILROW (October 1969, about 1 megaton) and CANNIKIN (November 1971, under 5 megatons) were monitored by a network of continuously recording, high-frequency, high-gain seismographs located on Amchitka and nearby islands.

Each explosion was immediately followed by hundreds of small, discrete events (mB < 4), of similar focal mechanism and with a characteristic low-frequency signature, which were apparently related to the deterioration of the explosion cavity. This activity intensified, then terminated within minutes of a large, complex multiple event and concurrent formation of a surface subsided area that signaled complete collapse of the explosion cavity (MILROW, 37 hr; CANNIKIN, 38 hr).

A number of small explosion-stimulated tectonic events, apparently unrelated to the collapse phenomenon, occurred intermittently for several weeks following each explosion—near the explosion cavity and up to 13 km southeast of CANNIKIN ground zero along the Island. These events were confined to the upper crust of the Island, had characteristic high-frequency signatures, and, near the Rifle Range Fault, had focal mechanisms which could be correlated with pre-existing faulting. The evidence points to a short-term interaction of the explosions with local ambient tectonic stresses. Because these stresses are of relatively low level on Amchitka, the observed seismic effects were significantly less extensive and smaller than similar effects reported from high-yield explosions at the Nevada Test Site.

Continuous monitoring of the natural seismicity of the Amchitka region since 1969 has not revealed other evidence for an interaction between either MILROW or CANNIKIN and natural tectonic processes. The structural stability and apparent low level of stress in the upper crust of Amchitka suggest that the Island effectively is seismically decoupled from the active subduction zone below.
The upper mantle beneath the Aleutian Island Arc from pure-path Rayleigh-wave dispersion data
Authors: Jacob K. H. , Hamada K.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Group velocities of Rayleigh waves recorded at a long-period seismograph station on Amchitka Island were obtained for mixed tectonic paths across the Pacific and the Aleutian Island Arc Ridge. The mixed-path group velocities for periods between 20 and 60 sec were then separated into pure-oceanic and pureridge path group velocities. The group velocities for the pure paths along the Aleutian ridge are on the average 0.36 km/sec lower than those for the purely oceanic paths across the Pacific. Inversion of the pure-ridge group velocities yields almost continental shear velocities in the crust, a very gradual crust-mantle transition at depths between 20 and 40 km, a thin lithospheric lid of uppermost mantle material between 30 and 70 km with relatively low maximum shear velocities approaching 4.4 km/sec, and a very pronounced low-velocity zone at depths below 70 km with an average shear velocity of 4.1 km/sec. The computed shear velocity structure beneath the Aleutian Ridge is compared to models for other tectonically active and stable regions.
Modification of seismograph records for effects of local soil conditions
Authors: Schnabel P. , Seed H. Bolton , Lysmer J.
Published: September 2021

abstract

A procedure for modifying the time histories of seismic records for the effect of local soil conditions is presented. The method is based on a conventional one-dimensional wave-propagation approach with equivalent linear soil properties, extended to practical use for transient motions through the Fast Fourier technique. The validity of the approach is tested against the motions recorded at four soil sites and one rock site during the 1957 San Francisco earthquake. The good agreement between the computed and recorded values indicates that rock motions can be computed from motions recorded on soil deposits, and that the computed rock motions in turn can be used to predict the motion that would have been recorded under different soil and geological conditions. The method is also used to evaluate the probable rock motions in the vicinity of El Centro in the earthquake of 1940 and the ground surface motions that could have been developed on various soil conditions in the same general area.
Lessons from Behavioral Economics to Improve Treatment Adherence in Parenting Programs: An Application to SMS
Authors: Ajzenman Nicolás , López Bóo Florencia
Published: September 2021

A growing literature shows how insights from behavioral economics can be successfully adopted in simple interventions through SMS or other types of low-cost communications. In this short, note we provide concrete basic guidelines to design behaviorally informed messages, based on theory and our own experience. We provide examples applied to parenting interventions.
The IDB: Vol. 24, no. 5, May 1997
Authors:   Inter-American Development Bank
Published: September 2021

The IDB reports on economic and social development trends in Latin America and the Caribbean and on the activities of the Bank. Published 10 times a year in English, Spanish, Portuguese and French.
Cálculo y valoración del almacenamiento de carbono del humedal altoandino de Chalhuanca, Arequipa (Perú).
Authors: Pauca Tanco Gregory Anthony , Alvis Ccoropuna Tania , Villasante Benavides José Francisco , Luque Fernandez César Raúl , Quispe Turpo Johana del Pilar
Published: September 2021

High Andean wetlands are important ecosystems due to their ecosystem services. Carbon storage is a result of the low decomposition rate due to flooded soils and low temperatures. The carbon content stored in the high Andean wetland of Chalhuanca (Arequipa) was estimated and the value of this service was calculated. For this purpose, 30 samples were taken at random, establishing three carbon pools: aboveground biomass (leaves and stems), belowground biomass (roots) and organic soil. The samples were obtained with an auger-type device; each sample was dried at 65°C for at least 24 hours and the carbon content was determined using the Walkey-Black method and calculations and statistical tests were performed. The total carbon stored in relation to the area of the wetland was approximately 795,415.65 tons of CO2. The fraction of carbon per sample is higher in aerial biomass (49%), followed by organic soil (43.1%) and below ground biomass. On the other hand, the amount of carbon stored differs significantly between reservoirs, since organic soil stores the highest amount with 218.3 TC/he (90%), followed by below-ground biomass (roots) with 19.7 TC/he (8%), and above-ground biomass (leaves and stems) with 4.8 TC/he (2%). Finally, the ecosystem service of carbon storage cost 6462.18 U$D/he, for a total of 5703132.34 U$D.
Una ripetizione straniante
Authors: Murru Claudia
Published: September 2021

Repetition and estrangement

The fixed idea in a tale of I. U. Tarchetti

The article aims to investigate the process of estrangement through the tale La lettera U, by Iginio Ugo Tarchetti. By adopting the point of view of a madman, Tarchetti stages an estrangement that affects the entire discourse of the character. The fixed idea, a symptom of monomania (the psychiatric definition of this type of delirium at the time) gives rise to a narrative device with a strong alienating potential, able to highlight the differences between the notion of Šklovskij's ostranenie and estrangement as presented in fantastic literature.
Straniamenti e spaesamenti di Luigi Gualdo
Authors: Fonio Filippo
Published: September 2021

Estrangement and Out-of-Placeness in the Works of Luigi Gualdo

Characters and places between ideal and reality, cosmopolitanism and uprooting

This paper focuses on the different forms of estrangement and out-of-placeness which can be found in Luigi Gualdo’s works. Gualdo (1844-1898) was a prominent writer whose works are influenced by French realism and Parnasse, Italian scapigliatura and the European decadence and estheticism. Moreover, he lived between France and Italy and he was one of the main passeurs between French and Italian literature of his time. This particular condition of the writer is reflected in his works and in particular in the portraiture of his characters, which are often rootless artists and mundane women with a strong component of cosmopolitism. The aim of this paper is to analyse some of the characteristics and features of Gualdo’s characters according to the parameters of estrangement and out-of-placeness. In particular I will focus on the ambiguous nature of the relation between ideal world and reality, of artistic genius and its place in society and the normal world, as well as on more specific topics related to the subject, such as spleen, places described as theatrical decors, hotel rooms and feminine nomadic attitudes, cosmopolitism as both a challenge and an opportunity for the characters. I will conclude on a specific issue regarding the struggle between the estranged character, time, and aging.
Finzioni biografiche
Authors: Lucamante Stefania
Published: September 2021

Recensione di: Riccardo Castellana, Finzioni biografiche. Teoria e storia di un genere ibrido, Roma, Carocci, 2019, 215 p., ISBN 9788843096183, €21.
Forms of interaction between enterprises and educational structures in the training of personnel for regional innovative enterprises
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State University, Kuzmina Elena V. , Goncharova Natalia V. ,   Ulyanovsk State University
Published: September 2021

The article discusses educational practices and forms of interaction among enterprises, universities, colleges, educational centers and other structures in the process of training for innovative enterprises of Ulyanovsk region. In this regard, some differences in the approaches of new industries and enterprises that have existed since the Soviet era are indicated. In particular, this concerns the development of various intracorporate retraining and advanced training programs, including their own educational centers. At the same time, such formats are not devoid of the contradictions and are different for workers and specialists, for universities’ and colleges’ graduates. In general, the development of innovation sector poses new requirements for training and readiness of the education system to take into account the constantly changing demands of enterprises with new technologies and new products. On the other hand, the role of non-institutional forms of training of employees, their desire to improve, develop and the ability to independently search for and receive new knowledge in constantly changing conditions are emphasized. In this regard, the ability to self-study, including the involvement of online educational portals was highlighted. The importance of the early orientation of children to study technical disciplines and the role of children’s technology parks, joint school classes with innovative enterprises, and the importance of interregional competence centers for secondary special education was emphasized.
Professionally Important Qualities of the Specialists in Design, Technology, and Service in the Postmodern Society
Authors:   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Yezhova Olga Vladimirovna , Anisimov Nikolay ,   Volodymyr Vynnychenko Central Ukrainian State Pedagogical University, Pashkevich Kalina ,   Kyiv National University of Technologies and Design, Androshchuk Ihor ,   Khmelnytskyi National University, Mishchenko Olena ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: September 2021

The purpose of the research is to identify professionally important qualities of the specialists in design, technology, and service, in particular cutters in the postmodern society. At the first stage, a preliminary list of 39 professionally important qualities of the skilled workers in the fashion industry has been formulated by means of theoretical analysis. The list considers the specifics of the cutter`s work at the intersection of three industries – design, technology, and service. At the second stage, a priori ranking of factors has been conducted by interviewing 5 experts. The list, reduced after a priori ranking, has become a basis for surveying 246 respondents from different groups of stakeholders (teachers, students, graduates of vocational schools, employers` representatives) at the third stage. As a result, the lists of input parameters of the model of specialist, which are professionally important qualities of the skilled cutters, are obtained. The lists contain 28 professionally important personal qualities, which are grouped into the following groups: executive and motor manifestations, cognitive processes, memory and thinking, emotions, business qualities, creative features, specific requirements. The obtained results make it possible to develop optimal prognostic models of training the skilled workers in the fashion industry, as well as to conduct a scientifically grounded selection of personnel and career counseling.
Produkt turystyczny — miejsce
Authors: Stasiak Andrzej , Włodarczyk Bogdan
Published: September 2021

Wśród różnych produktów terytorialnych wyróżnić można także produkt turystyczny. Autorzy próbują scharakteryzować ten produkt wskazując na jego małą spójność w odróżnieniu od produktu turystycznego-miejsce, którego funkcjonowanie wymaga pewnej nadrzędnej idei. Determinacja geograficzna (w ujęciu przestrzennym) tego typu produktów pozwoliła także na podjęcie próby scharakteryzowania relacji między produktem turystycznym-miejsce a regionem turystycznym.
Struktura i atrakcyjność przestrzeni turystycznej Polski w ocenie wybranej grupy mieszkańców Torunia
Authors: Stachowski Jan
Published: September 2021

Opracowanie zawiera rezultaty badania, ktorego celem było poznanie: 1) struktury przestrzeni turystycznej naszego kraju, spostrzeganej przez grupę urzędnikow administracyjnych m. Torunia; 2) ocen atrakcyjności turystycznej miejscowości i obszarów budujących tę strukturę, przy zastosowaniu jednej z metod skalowania - dyferencjału semantycznego.
ANTITUMOR DRUGS BASED ON INDOLOCARBAZOL DERIVATIVES
Authors: Kolpaksidi I. P. , Dmitrieva M. V. , Yarosh I. V. , Krasnyuk I. I.
Published: September 2021

The aimof the work is to generalize the literature data on indolocarbazole derivatives with an antitumor activity.

Materials and methods.The objects of the study were the preparations based on indolocarbazole derivatives with the antitumor activity. To search for materials on the problem under study, the following search and information as well as library databases were used: ebibrary, PubMed, CyberLeninka, ResearchGate, the State Register of Medicines, clinical trials registries clinline.ru and clinicaltrials.gov. The search for the following words / phrases was performed: indolocarbazoles, indolocarbazole derivatives, staurosporine, rebeccamycin, staurosporine derivatives. The search was conducted from January 11 until March 1, 2021. The compounds with a biological activity which were undergoing or had undergone preclinical and clinical trials, were taken into account. All the materials from 1977 to January 1, 2021, were taken into account.

Results.The materials obtained indicate that indolocarbazole derivatives are promising compounds for the creation of anticancer medicinal preparations due to their properties and peculiarities of the action mechanism. These drugs have a selective action due to the targeted interaction with specific molecular targets: kinases (especially protein kinase C and its isozymes), DNA and DNA topoisomerase. To date, many compounds from the class of indolocarbazoles have been synthesized and investigated. They have shown a high antitumor activity in the treatment of systemic and solid tumors. However, despite this, only one MP based on a staurosporine derivative, registered by the TN of Rydapt® (in the USA and EU countries) and Miticaid® (in the Russian Federation), is approved for use in the clinical practice.

Conclusion.Thus, the basic data from scientific publications on promising anticancer medicinal preparations based on compounds from the class of indolocarbazoles, have been summarized. The information is provided, in particular, on their molecular structure, the origin, classification, the main representatives of the class, which are at various stages of the research and are approved for use in the clinic.
The Influence of Soil Conditioning on Soil Infiltration Rate in Urban Facilities
Authors: Nugroho Searphin , Hadi Wahyono
Published: September 2021

Several attempts have been made to increase the permeable area in the cities, which include the building of green facilities such as parks and urban forests. Since these areas were built with soil compaction, the potential for infiltrating water differs compared with the natural green area. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the influence of soil conditioning on the constant infiltration rate using variables such as soil compaction, texture, and the presence of vegetation cover in urban facilities. The data used were obtained through field infiltration measurement using a single ring infiltrometer. In this research, the analysis carried out includes soil texture, Horton equation, the difference between conditioned soils and control plots, and USDA hydrologic soil classifications. The results showed that all variables (soil compaction, the presence of vegetation cover, and soil texture) have a significant effect on the constant infiltration rate. Based on the soil conditioning, the infiltration rate is increased on the vegetated plots and decreased on the plots with the combination of vegetation and compaction, as well as the compacted plots. Furthermore, the effect of vegetation cover is more significant in silt loam textured soil, while the influence of compaction is more on clay textured soil. The potential constant infiltration rate on the plots of similar characteristics with green urban areas are on K2 and L2 with 2.698 mm/h and 1.525 mm/h, respectively. Therefore, these plots have a moderate runoff potential based on USDA hydrologic soil classification.

Keywords: Compaction; Infiltration; Soil conditioning; Urban facilities

 

Copyright (c) 2021 Geosfera Indonesia and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember

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Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pelaku Usaha Terhadap Pencabutan Izin Reklamasi oleh Pemerintah Daerah
Authors: Juwono Inigo Putera Bagus
Published: September 2021

AbstractAvailability lands in Indonesia doesn’t get along with growth citizen in Indonesia. The government is giving a solution to the building of the reclamation, but under the construction of the reclamation always inflict variety of problems. Permission cancellation for reclamation is action legal by government in order to annulment permission for its reclamation, government should pay attention in aspect of: authority, procedure and substantion. Besides, annulment permission reclamation by government based on legislation and principle general a good government. A legal form of legal protection by receiving authorization of reclamation In this case, the businessman or developers do administrative efforts and filing suit to civil court of justice. If there are parties that are affected with the verdict, can file an appeal to civil court of justice, it can be even comitted cassation law to supreme court of Indonesia.Keywords: Reclamation; Permission; Cancellation.AbstrakKetersediaan lahan di Indonesia tidak sejalan dengan pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin meningkat. Pemerintah memberikan solusi dengan pembangunan pulau reklamasi, akan tetapi dalam pembangunan pulau reklamasi tersebut kerap kali menimbulkan berbagai macam permasalahan. Pencabutan izin pulau reklamasi merupakan salah bentuk tindakan hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Dalam pencabutan izin reklamasi tersebut, pemerintah hendaknya memperhatikan keabsahan pemerintah dalam aspek wewenang, aspek prosedur dan aspek substansi. Selain itu, pencabutan izin reklamasi oleh pemerintah wajib berdasarkan peraturan perundang-undangan dan Asas Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik. Bentuk perlindungan hukum yang dapat dilakukan oleh penerima izin reklamasi dalam hal ini pelaku usaha ataupun pengembang dengan melakukan upaya administratif dan mengajukan gugatan ke Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara. Apabila ada pihak yang merasa dirugikan dengan putusan tersebut, dapat mengajukan banding ke Pengadilan Tinggi Tata Usaha Negara, bahkan dapat dilakukan upaya hukum kasasi kepada Mahkamah Agung. Kata Kunci: Reklamasi; Izin; Pencabutan.
Hak Regres Penanggung pada Jaminan Perorangan Dalam Kepailitan
Authors: Celandine Madeleine
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe credit agreement as the principal agreement between the debtor and the creditor can acquire additional collateral providing material collateral and individual collateral. Personal collateral for individual rights, which is the agreement of a third party to bind themselves to debtors and creditors involved in credit agreements in accordance with the interests of creditors. In the event that the debtor does not have assets and is unable to repay debts to the creditor, the person responsible for paying the creditors' reserves and is obliged to pay debts to the creditor. The responsibility of the person responsible for compiling the debtor is not carried out by the creditor and the person responsible for the release of their privileges. The guarantor who has agreed to pay the debtor according to the law obtained by the right of regres, namely the right to recover from the payment owned. An interesting discussion about this Guarantee relates to the bankruptcy law regarding the enforcement of the right to regress so that it can be held accountable for receiving payments made. Keywords: Regress Rights; Personal Guarantee; Bankruptcy.AbstrakPerjanjian kredit sebagai perjanjian pokok antara debitor dengan kreditor dapat melahirkan jaminan tambahan berupa jaminan kebendaan dan jaminan perorangan. Jaminan perorangan melahirkan hak perorangan, yang merupakan persetujuan pihak ketiga untuk mengikatkan diri kepada debitor dan kreditor yang terlibat dalam perjanjian kredit demi kepentingan kreditor. Dalam hal debitor tidak memiliki harta kekayaan dan tidak mampu membayar utang kepada kreditor, maka penanggung berperan sebagai cadangan debitor dan wajib membayarkan utang kepada kreditor. Tanggung jawab penanggung lahir ketika debitor tidak melaksanakan kewajiban kepada kreditor dan penanggung telah melepaskan hak istimewa yang dimiliki. Penanggung yang telah menggantikan pembayaran debitor demi hukum memperoleh hak regres, yaitu hak untuk menuntut kembali atas pembayaran yang dimiliki. Pembahasan yang menarik mengenai jaminan ini berkaitan dengan hukum kepailitan mengenai penegakan hak regres agar dapat diakui sebagai utang untuk dapat memperoleh piutang pembayaran yang telah dilakukan. Kata Kunci: Hak Regres; Jaminan Perorangan; Kepailitan.
Pendekatan Keadilan Restoratif dalam Penanganan Tindak Pidana Pencurian yang Dilakukan oleh Anak
Authors: Putri Nurfa Caesarini
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis study aims to analize the tendency of judgment on the ruling court sentence in the case of a prison sentence which is considered still not based on restorative justice approaches as set in the Children's Criminal Justice system Act. This study discusses the imposition of prison criminal in children who commit criminal acts of theft. This research is considered important because the child's opportunities to grow and develop reasonably Despite committing a crime without being sentenced or affected in prisonization. Since the restorative justice conceptually contains the idea and principle of establishing mutual participation between children, victims, and community To complete a criminal offence. Encouraging children to be responsible for victims or the crime that have caused injuries or losses to victims, As well as establishing responsibility for not repeating any criminal deeds ever undertaken. The concept of restorative justice also puts criminal acts not primarily as a form of violation of the law, But rather as a violation by someone (a group of people) against a person.Keywords: Restorative Justice; Judgment On The Ruling Court; Crime.AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kecenderungan pertimbangan Putusan Pengadilan dalam memutus pidana penjara yang dianggap masih belum berlandaskan dengan pendekatan keadilan restoratif sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Sistem Peradilan Pidana Anak. Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pengenaan pidana penjara pada anak yang melakukan tindak pidana pencurian. Penelitian ini dianggap penting karena peneliti melihat masih terbukanya peluang anak untuk tumbuh dan berkembang secara wajar walaupun telah melakukan suatu kejahatan tanpa harus dipidana maupun terkena dampak prisonisasi. Karena secara konseptual keadilan restoratif berisi gagasan dan prinsip yaitu membangun partisipasi bersama antara anak, korban, serta kelompok masyarakat untuk menyelesaikan suatu peristiwa atau tindak pidana. Mendorong anak bertanggung jawab terhadap korban atau peristiwa atau tindak pidana yang telah menimbulkan cedera atau kerugian terhadap korban, serta membangun tanggung jawab untuk tidak mengulang lagi perbuatan pidana yang pernah dilakukan. Konsep keadilan restoratif juga menempatkan peristiwa atau tindak pidana tidak terutama sebagai suatu bentuk pelanggaran hukum, melainkan sebagai pelanggaran oleh seseorang (sekelompok orang) terhadap orang (sekelompok orang). Kata Kunci: Keadilan Restoratif; Pertimbangan Putusan Pengadilan; Perbuatan Pidana.
Pembuktian Sederhana Pengajuan Permohonan Pailit oleh Pekerja Atas Dasar Upah yang Tidak Dibayar
Authors: Pramudita Pramudita
Published: September 2021

AbstractBankruptcy is a situation where the debtor is unable to perform the obligation to pay debts to his creditors. Which in this modern era is rampant cases of bankruptcy caused by a setback in the financial condition or financial condition of the debtor or company so that they cannot pay debts, one of which is wages as a form of compensation for workers in the company. Workers can submit bankrupt statements to the Commercial Court to their companies to claim their rights, but often the decision is rejected with one of the judges' judgment stating that it cannot be proven simply. Furthermore, when there are parties who are dissatisfied with the decision at the first level, namely the Commercial Court, the party can take further legal remedies namely Cassation to the Supreme Court and Review to the Supreme Court. The purpose of writing this research is to prove that the wages of unpaid workers meet the qualifications of simple proof if the wage shortage has been calculated by labor inspectors as regulated in Article 28 paragraph (1) of the Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 33 of 2016 concerning Labor Inspection Procedures.Keywords: Bankruptcy; Simple Proof; and Workers.AbstrakPailit merupakan suatu keadaan dimana debitor tidak mampu untuk melakukan kewajiban membayar utang-utang kepada para kreditornya. Yang mana pada era modern ini sedang marak terjadi kasus pailit yang disebabkan karena adanya kemunduran dalam kondisi financial atau kondisi keuangan si debitor atau perusahaan sehingga tidak dapat membayar utang yang salah satunya berupa upah sebagai bentuk imbalan untuk pekerja dalam perusahaannya. Pekerja dapat mengajukan permohonan pernyataan pailit ke Pengadilan Niaga terhadap perusahaannya untuk menuntut haknya namun seringkali putusan tersebut ditolak dengan salah satu pertimbangan hakim menyatakan tidak dapat dibuktikan secara sederhana. Selanjutnya ketika ada pihak yang kurang puas dengan putusan pada tingkat pertama yakni Pengadilan Niaga, pihak tersebut dapat melakukan upaya hukum selanjutnya yaitu Kasasi ke Mahkamah Agung dan Peninjauan Kembali ke Mahkamah Agung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan bahwa upah pekerja yang tidak dibayar memenuhi kualifikasi pembuktian sederhana apabila kekurangan upah tersebut telah dihitung oleh pengawas ketenagakerjaan sebagaimana teratur dalam Pasal 28 ayat (1) Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 33 Tahun 2016 tentang Tata Cara Pengawasan Ketenagakerjaan.Kata Kunci: Kepailitan; Pembuktian Sederhana; dan Pekerja.
Kekuatan Hukum Hasil Tes Urine Sebagai Alat Bukti Dalam Perkara Pidana Narkotika
Authors: Firmansyah Rachmad
Published: September 2021

AbstractIn the context of carrying out the task of eradicating illicit abuse and illicit trafficking of Narcotics and Narcotics Precursors, the investigator has the authority to conduct urine tests on a person suspected of being an abuser, as stipulated in Article 75 letter l of Law Number 35 Year 2009 concerning Narcotics. The urine sample that has been taken will then be tested based on the development of science and technology in the narcotics testing laboratory which is then poured in the minutes of the test results. The minutes of the test results are valid evidence as determined by Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code. Someone who has a positive urine test result can be arrested and named as a suspect of narcotics abuse based on sufficient preliminary evidence. Suspects of abuse of Narcotics can be convicted in accordance with Article 127 paragraph (1) of the Narcotics Act. Thus the legal issues in this study is the Urine Test Results Are Used as the Basis for Assigning a Person to Be a Narcotics Abuse and Classification of Urine Test Results as Evidence As a Provision for Article 184 of the Criminal Procedure Code.Keywords: Urine Test; Preliminary Evidence; Determination of Suspect; Valid Evidence.AbstrakDalam rangka melaksanakan tugas pemberantasan penyalahgunaan dan peredaran gelap Narkotika dan Prekursor Narkotika penyidik berwenang melakukan tes urine terhadap seseorang yang diduga sebagai penyalah guna, sebagaimana diatur pada Pasal 75 huruf l Undang-Undang Nomor 35 Tahun 2009 tentang Narkotika. Sampel urine yang telah diambil selanjutnya akan diuji berdasarkan perkembangan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi di laboratorium uji narkotika yang kemudian dituangkan dalam berita acara hasil pengujian. Berita acara hasil pengujian merupakan alat bukti yang sah sebagaimana ditentukan Pasal 184 KUHAP. Terhadap seseorang yang hasil tes urinenya positif dapat ditangkap dan ditetapkan sebagai tersangka penyalahgunaan Narkotika berdasarkan bukti permulaan yang cukup. Tersangka penyalahgunaan Narkotika dapat dipidana sebagaimana ketentuan Pasal 127 ayat (1) Undang-Undang Narkotika. Dengan demikian rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Hasil Tes Urine Dijadikan Dasar Untuk Menetapkan Seseorang Sebagai Tersangka Penyalahguna Narkotika dan Klasifikasi Hasil Tes Urine Sebagai Alat Bukti Sebagaimana Ketentuan Pasal 184 KUHAP. Kata Kunci: Tes Urine; Bukti Permulaan; Penetapan Tersangka; Alat Bukti Yang Sah.
Kewenangan BNN dalam Pemberian Rehabilitasi Pada Pecandu Narkotika
Authors: Arianto Satriyo Bagus
Published: September 2021

AbstractThis research entitled “BNN authority in giving rehabilitation to narcotic addicts”, This study employs doctrinal method by using statute approach and conseptual approach. The purpose of this research is to analyze research question in this study. There are two research questions in this study, they are: (1) Does BNN have the authority to give rehabilitation to narcotic addicts?, (2) what’s the basic consideration for BNN in giving rehabilitation to narcotic addicts?. This study concludes that BNN authority to give rehabilitation has derived a concept of authority to BNN based on special classification on rehabilitation. There are two category of special classification on rehabilitation. It consists of voluntary (narcotic addicts voluntarily reports themselves) and compulsory (narcotic addicts being caught by investigator). The compulsory category is divided into three parts which include rehabilitation given during court process, rehabilitation given outside court process and rehabilitation given after court decision or court injunction where investigator usually give rehabilitation after court decision or court injuction. Keywords: BNN Authority; Rehabilitation; Narcotic Addicts.AbstrakPenelitian ini berjudul “Kewenangan BNN Dalam Pemberian Rehabilitasi Pada Pecandu Narkotika”. Dalam penelitian yang menggunakan metode doktrinal dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach) dan pendekatan konseptual (conseptual approach) dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis rumusan masalah penelitian ini. Terdapat dua rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini, yaitu (1) Apakah BNN mempunyai kewenangan untuk memberikan rehabilitasi pada pecandu narkotika?; (2) Apa yang menjadi dasar pertimbangan BNN dalam pemberian rehabilitasi pada pecandu narkotika?. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kewenangan BNN untuk memberikan rehabilitasi menghasilkan suatu konsep kewenangan BNN berdasarkan klasifikasi rehabilitasi secara khusus. Terdapat dua klasifikasi rehabilitasi secara khusus yaitu secara voluntary (pecandu melaporkan diri) dan compulsory (pecandu tertangkap tangan oleh penyidik) dimana pada kategori compulsory dibagi menjadi tiga jenis yaitu, 1. Rehabilitasi yang diberikan selama proses peradilan (penyidikan, penuntutan dan persidangan di pengadilan); 2. Rehabilitasi diluar proses peradilan; 3. Rehabilitasi yang diberikan setelah putusan atau penetapan pengadilan dimana penyidik biasa memberikan rehabilitasi setelah adanya putusan atau penetapan pengadilan. Kata Kunci: Kewenangan BNN; Rehabilitasi; Pecandu Narkotika.
Perubahan Baseline Negara Kepulauan Akibat Perubahan Iklim dalam Hukum Internasional
Authors: Nisrina Shofy Suma , Narwati Enny
Published: September 2021

AbstractClimate change is a natural phenomenon that occur through a complicated and an evolutionary process. The impact of such natural phenomena is expected to shift the state's baseline following the geographical condition, consequently, it will also change the maritime zone owned by the state. The Law of the Sea has not regulated such impacts of the shifting baselines caused by natural phenomena which indicates a legal vacuum on this matter. This legal research examines the regulations and its implications which can be the basis of an archipelagic state’s shifting baselines coverage due to natural phenomena. States have the discretion to establish their coordinates point and geographical maps, moreover, based on the 1982 United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS 1982), States are required to make official map deposits to the United Nations Secretary-General. The deposited baseline is permanent as long as the state does not make any updates.Keywords: Baseline; Climate Change; Archipelagic States; Law of The Sea.AbstrakPermukaan air laut yang meningkat menjadi salah satu akibat dari perubahan iklim. Fenomena meningkatnya permukaan air laut merupakan peristiwa alami yang terjadi secara evolusi sehingga proses terjadinya memerlukan jangka waktu yang lama. Dampak dari fenomena alam tersebut dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya pergeseran baseline negara mengikuti kondisi geografis yang terdampak sehingga terjadi perubahan wilayah negara atas laut. Hukum Laut belum mengatur mengenai kemungkinan terjadinya pergeseran baseline akibat fenomena alam ini sehingga merupakan suatu kekosongan hukum yang dapat menjadi potensi sengketa antar negara. Penelitian ini mengkaji atas dampak dan pengaturan yang dapat menjadi landasan apabila terjadi perubahan baseline negara terutama negara kepulauan seperti Indonesia yang sangat rentan akibat fenomena alam. Setiap Negara memiliki diskresi untuk menetapkan koordinat serta peta geografisnya mengingat kondisi wilayah yang berbeda-beda, dan berdasarkan Konvensi Hukum Laut 1982 (UNCLOS 1982), negara wajib melakukan deposit peta resmi ke Sekretaris Jenderal PBB. Baseline yang telah didepositkan merupakan baseline yang tetap selama negara tidak melakukan pembaharuan.Kata Kunci: Baseline; Perubahan Iklim; Negara Kepulauan; Hukum Laut.
Peranan Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan dalam Perlindungan Konsumen Terhadap Obat Racikan Apotek Tanpa Resep Dokter
Authors: Moudzie Zsalzsabella Putri
Published: September 2021

AbstractThe rise of pharmaceutical business actors, in this case, is a pharmacy, in selling concoction drugs without a doctor's prescription in several regions in Indonesia causing losses in consumers. Consumer protection is regulated in Act Number 8 of 1999 concerning Consumer Protection, then consumer rights in the health sector are recognized by Act Number 36 of 2009 concerning Health. Both of these regulations require that at least the consumer is guaranteed his right to use the drug, including comprehensive information related to the drug obtained at the Pharmacy. This is not heeded by a number of pharmacies in Indonesia who pack concoction drugs in plastic packages and do not meet the information standards that must be listed. BPOM as an institution that is given authority in law enforcement for drug distribution that is not in accordance with standards can take product withdrawal as well as administrative sanctions against business actors. In addition, the Consumer Protection Act provides a platform for consumers who are disadvantaged to be able to file liability through the Consumer Dispute Resolution Agency (BPSK).Keywords: BPOM; BPSK; Compounding Drugs; Consumer Protection.AbstrakMaraknya pelaku kegiatan usaha kefarmasian, dalam hal ini adalah apotek, dalam menjual obat racikan tanpa resep dokter di beberapa daerah di Indonesia menimbulkan kerugian-kerugian dalam diri konsumen. Perlindungan konsumen diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, kemudian mengenai hak konsumen dalam bidang kesehatan diakui oleh Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan. Kedua peraturan tersebut mengharuskan setidaknya konsumen terjamin hak nya dalam penggunaan obat, termasuk pula informasi lengkap terkait obat yang didapatkan di Apotek. Hal ini tidak diindahkan oleh beberapa apotek di Indonesia yang mengemas obat racikan dalam kemasan plastik dan tidak memenuhi standar informasi yang harus dicantumkan. BPOM sebagai lembaga yang diberi kewenangan dalam penegakan hukum terhadap peredaran obat yang tidak sesuai dengan standar dapat melakukan tindakan penarikan produk serta sanksi administratif kepada pelaku usaha. Selain itu, UU Perlindungan Konsumen memberikan wadah bagi konsumen yang dirugikan untuk dapat mengajukan pertanggung gugatan melalui Badan Penyelesaian Sengketa Konsumen (BPSK).Kata Kunci: BPOM; BPSK; Obat Racikan; Perlindungan Konsumen.
Muakhi culture as ethnic conflict management in Lampung
Authors: Salim Luthfi , Ruslan Idrus
Published: September 2021

The transmigration program forms Lampung society to be multicultural that easily triggers the emergence of ethnic conflicts. In Lampung, it has unexpectedly formed enclaves that cause migrants and local people to not be integrated so that there is polarization and an economic gap between migrants and local people. This is because the economy of migrants advances which causes social jealousy. This study aimed to explain muakhi as conflict management from pre-conflict to post-conflict. This study was qualitative research with phenomenology and multiple case approaches. The research data were obtained by in-depth interviews. The results of this study are first, muakhi in pre-conflict management is managed by the traditional leaders to conduct deliberation and agreement. Second, muakhi in post-conflict management is managed and controlled by all elements of the community. The village officers, traditional leaders, religious leaders, community leaders, or mass organizations remind each other by means of cooperation with the conflicting parties. This study concluded that muakhi is able to create social and media integration and a forum for creating peace in accordance with the values and norms in the lives of the community.
The Era of Society 5.0 as the unification of humans and technology: A literature review on materialism and existentialism
Authors: Rahmawati Melinda , Ruslan Ahmad , Bandarsyah Desvian
Published: September 2021

The Industrial Revolution 4.0 brings society in fast-paced change. Technology and social media emerge not only as a means of communication and accessibility of modern society, but also as a means of mass news spread and provocation. When society and technology coexist, technology is able to drive people to have accessibility without time limits. The objective of this study is to describe the overview of the Era of Society 5.0 seen from the perspectives of materialism and existentialism in social sciences. The research method used was descriptive qualitative with literature review analysis which specifically discussed modern society and the idea of materialism and existentialism. The results of this study showed that the Era of Society 5.0 has indeed become an era of the unification of humans and technology. Technology has become a necessity that must be fulfilled by all people. The perspectives of materialism and existentialism view it as a critical period because society is vulnerable to division if it is not directed properly. This study concluded that the Era of Society 5.0 is described as a period when humans and their mindsets are trapped between material needs and the desire for existence. Technology that is interconnected and accessed without limits presents a complex situation. The streams of materialism and existentialism provide an overview of the situation of society in two related sides.
Development and Validation of the Indonesian Version of Quality Nursing Work Environment (QNWE-I) Instrument
Authors: Vranada Aric , Lin Chiou-Fen , Hsieh Chia-Jung , Wang Tsae-Jyy
Published: September 2021

Background: Nursing shortages are a significant problem experienced by medical institutions worldwide as well as Indonesia. Understanding nurses’ work environment is a proper strategy for enhancing the retention and overcoming shortages of nurses. The Quality Nursing Work Environment (QNWE) is a well-known tool that has been commonly used to evaluate the working atmosphere of nurses. However, the availability and validated version of the instrument for hospital nurses in Indonesia is not confirmed.Purpose: This study aims to confirm the psychometric evaluation of the Indonesian version of QNWE instruments in hospital settings.Methods: A cross-sectional study design and psychometric analyses were administered. The 65-item, eight-domain questionnaire was translated, adapted, and face-validated using content validity index (CVI) analysis. The construct validity and internal consistency of the translated version were tested using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and Cronbach's Alpha to 334 hospital nurses. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was employed to determine test-retest and interrater reliability analysis to 33 nurses and 10 ratters in the pilot testing.Results: The CVI of the QNWE-I scale ranged from 0.86 to 1.00. The CFA determined an adequate model fit of the instrument. As to overall reliability, test-retest reliability of 0.90, ICC analysis of 0.82, and Cronbach's alpha of 0.96; was confirmed.Conclusions: The psychometric evaluation of the QNWE-I showed excellent acceptability, validity, and reliability. Therefore, the QNWE-I can serve as a comprehensive instrument for assessing the quality of nurses' work environments in Indonesia.
Microgreens: a newly merging product, aspects, prospectives, and disadvantages
Authors: Othman Ali J. , Eliseeva L. G. , Simina D. V.
Published: September 2021

In this article we demonstrate the connotation of microgreens, the newly merging product in the Russian market. Microgreens are normal plants planted in highly density on a substrate medium and harvested shortly after the first true leaves appear. Microgreens of many aromatic plants possess intensive flavour similar to its mature product. We also expound the aspects related to this product, including growth, harvesting time, Seeds utilization, light requirements, available suitable substrate, as well as the disadvantages related to its production. There is still a lot of controversy about the health benefits of consuming microgreens. Some researchers believe that there is currently not enough scientific evidence to support a higher nutrient level in microgreens than in mature plants. In this review, we discuss whether microgreening is a great addition to gardening or not. Still, other prospects for the future of this product indicates that the demand of the market for the microgreens will be strong especially with the wide spread of home-growing facilities like phytotrons and simple growing chambers.
Trends in the use of gluten-free flours in the production of functional products
Authors: Popov V. G. , Hajrullina N. G. , Sadykova H. N.
Published: September 2021

The scientific review article allows to evaluate the relevance of scientific research of gluten-free bakery and confectionery products produced on the basis of secondary types of flour and flour mixtures, modern sources of non-traditional types of fruit and berry raw materials, innovative technologies, functional ingredients, designed to maintain the health of the population suffering from gluten intolerance. Much attention is paid to the use of amaranth seed flour in bread production, which has a higher biological value compared to traditional types of flour. Adding, along with amaranth flour, chufa tuber flour, carrot, rowan, pumpkin, apple and other powders to the dough can expand the diet of patients with symptoms of gluten intolerance. In particular, the apple powder contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular disease, excess weight, removal of heavy metals from the body, prevent the development of atrophy of the skeletal muscles, and carrot powder - speed recovery from a nervous breakdown, prolonged stress, strengthen the heart muscle, improve blood vessels, enhance immunity, prevent the development of atherosclerosis, hypertension, etc. The technology of production of gluten-free products based on amaranth seed flour mixed with corn or rice flour continues to be improved, which significantly increases the nutritional value of these products and expands the range of affordable gluten-free food products of domestic production. Another example is croissants baked on the basis of rice, buckwheat, flaxseed, almond and Teff flour. The analysis of organoleptic and physicochemical parameters showed that they meet the requirements of quality and high taste and aroma characteristics. Gluten-free bread based on chia flour, buckwheat flour, flax, soybean, amaranth, millet, tapioca, sorghum, peas, quinoa, rice and lupine flours contain a high amount of dietary fiber, positively influencing the quantitative and qualitative composition of intestinal microflora and helping to preserve the freshness of baked products. Despite the commonality of existing approaches in the production of gluten-free products, scientists suggest supplementing the existing recipes with secondary types of flour, fruit and berry and other functional components. Thus, the problem of using gluten-free flours in the production of functional products remains the object of increased scientific attention on the part of scientists, manufacturers and consumers.