bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of social responsibility projects promoted in social media
Authors: Yasatekin Hilal , Apaydin Fatih
Published: July 2022

Purpose- People's commitment to social media and their tendency to SRP are driving marketers and companies to SRP in social media. It is aimed to investigate which type of SRP is promoted in social media and which social media channels are more likely to share SRP-related posts. In the research, it is examined whether the attention and actions of the society are mobilized according to the age and income status of the society. One wonders whether social media has an impact on getting people to participate in the SRP and whether people's interest in social media has an impact on their participation in the SRP.
Methodology- A positivist research approach is adopted as the research design. The quantitative analysis method is used in the research. Data in the research is collected using an online questionnaire. In the published survey, 501 people who have completed the survey and are available are reached in total. Arithmetic mean, correlation, ANOVA and T-test are used to analyze the survey data.
Findings- SRPSM attracts the attention of the community and mobilizes the community to participate in these projects. In the fields of health, environment, and education; SRP is more widely promoted on Instagram and Twitter channels. Young people and people with a high-income level do not participate much in the SRP promoted on the social media channel. Social media is an effective tool to get people to participate in the SRP. People's interest in SRP on social media drives them to participate in SRP.
Conclusion- While the 1st and 2nd hypotheses are rejected, the 3rd and 4th hypotheses are accepted. It is assumed that the analysis results obtained from the research will contribute to researchers and practitioners. After the conclusion part, limitations and suggestions are presented to researchers who will conduct research and study on this subject in the future.

Keywords: social responsibility (SR), social media (SM), digital marketing, social responsibility projects (SRP), responsibility.
JEL Codes: M11, M14, M31
Determinants of reinsurance costs for Turkish non-life insurance companies
Authors: Alan Burak , Avci Emin
Published: July 2022

Purpose- Reinsurance is one of the most common practices in the insurance sector, however, it is not free of charge. The insurance companies have to bear some costs to assure the reinsurers for sharing the risks of potential losses. The objective of this article is to explore the firm-level factors that may affect the cost of reinsurance to an insurance company. In order to achieve the objective, the relationship between reinsurance cost and financial and technical ratios, which are good monitoring tools for insurance companies, has been analyzed.
Methodology- The relationship between reinsurance cost and financial and technical ratios has been analyzed using panel data analyses. The data was obtained from the official website of the Insurance Association of Türkiye (IAT). The data set include variables for 26 non-life companies for the period of 2009 - 2021. Two separate models have been developed; one model with financial ratios and the second model with technical ratios. The analyses are also repeated by uncovering the COVID-19 period and the 2018 currency crisis.
Findings- The findings of the study revealed that the financial ratios, namely return on assets and debt ratio; technical ratio as retention ratio all have a negative significant effect on reinsurance cost. That is the higher the profit, debt level, and retention ratio, the more reluctant the insurance companies are to bear insurance costs and carry most of the risks. Such variables have a negative effect on reinsurance costs with a higher significance level, even after uncovering the recent COVID-19 pandemic and 2018 currency crisis periods. When COVID-19 and 2018 currency crisis periods are excluded from the data set, Net Combined Ratio becomes an additional significant factor affecting the reinsurance costs.
Conclusion- As long as there is an insurance sector, there must be a reinsurance sector alongside. Companies from both sectors need to go hand in hand in order to eliminate the possible future severe damages in case of fire, flood, or earthquake. However, reinsuring an insurance contract would generate costs like every transaction in this economic system. The findings indicate that determinants of reinsurance cost are as follow; return on asset, debt ratio, and retention ratio. This result would help management teams of insurance companies foresee the cost of reinsurance when they monitor closely the ratios. In other words, the management team of an insurance company could control and handle the condition of reinsurance contracts that generate cost.

Keywords: Reinsurance cost, insurance, firm performance, panel data analysis, ratio analysis.
JEL Codes: G22, L25, C23
Inflation and a predictable pandemic, femicide: evidence from ARDL bounds testing approach from Turkey
Authors: Cigdem Gulgun
Published: July 2022

Purpose- Although femicide has been an ongoing "problem" for centuries, it has started to attract the attention of researchers in recent years. Femicide has been explored in many ways, but its research from an economic perspective has been neglected. The main motivation of this study is the economic analysis of Femicide. The aim of this paper is to determine whether there is a correlation between inflation and femicide.
Methodology- To achieve this, monthly data on Femicide in Turkey (case taken from We Will Stop Femicide Platform) and monthly inflation data from the Central Bank of Turkey (CBT) balance sheet for the period between 2013:01 and 2020:11 were tested using the Normal LM Test with two breaks, Enders and Lee (2012) Flexible Fourier Unit Root Test and ADF and PP unit root test, the ARDL Bounds Test Approach, and Error Correction (VECM). The VECM model has also been used to investigate the short-term relationship.
Findings- According to the analysis's results, inflation and femicide have a long-term correlation. A rise in inflation of one unit was followed by an increase in femicides of 0.95 units, and it was demonstrated that a long-term variation between the variables approached each other by 47% in the subsequent era.
Conclusion- Politicians should take note of the discovery that inflation and femicide are cointegrated and that inflation will increase femicide in the current inflationary process to avert these avoidable social and economic costs. These findings are of utmost significance to society, and this study, which is a first, adds to the body of literature.

Keywords: Inflation, femicide, bounds testing, ARDL
JEL Codes: E31, E58, I18, C01, D19
Occupational stress and mindfulness: an empirical study
Authors: Yelkencioglu Ihsan , Yuksel Ahmet Hakan
Published: July 2022

Purpose- There is a need for organizations to be innovative and keep on adapting to changes and new circumstances in today’s highly competitive world. Accordingly, some challenges emerged for both organizations and employees in adapting to the new situations as well as work-related daily routine tasks. Adaptation and coping capabilities of the employees have become an essential part of the work environment. These challenges have created stress among employees, affecting their personal lives and business lives. A concept of “Mindfulness” that enables people to be flexible and adaptable in adverse environments, and this, in turn, reduces people’s stress levels is used in business life as well. The purpose of this paper is to explore the factors affecting employees’ occupational stress and clarify their coping capabilities using mindfulness during turbulent times.
Methodology- There are qualitative and quantitative studies about occupational stress and mindfulness in business and psychology disciplines. This research consists of an extensive literature review regarding the factors found in the literature, including stress and employee cooping capabilities in terms of mindfulness, and an empirical field study applied through an experimental group. They had an eight-week MBSR course and a survey applied before and after the training, in 2021. The data from the research was analyzed through the SPSS 25 program.
Findings- According to literature, employees’ stress levels increased because of many factors like workload, time pressures and deadlines, extended working hours, work/family conflict, and an environment of uncertainty in general. On the other hand, in the literature, the factors affecting employees’ coping capabilities with stress are two crucial: employee well-being and resilience at work. The analyzed data from the experimental study supported the literature that mindfulness training reduces the stress level of employees while increasing their resilience and well-being levels.
Conclusion- The study encourages Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) programs to be applied to employees during challenging times when there are high levels of uncertainty and stress. Experiential studies of mindfulness interventions demonstrate that mindfulness serves to reduce stress and improve well-being and resilience.

Keywords: Stress, mindfulness, resilience, well-being, coping capability.
JEL Codes: M10, M12, M19
A case analysis on factors affecting the emergence of social innovations after Covid-19 In Turkey
Authors: Ozbay Eser Guven , Celikel Asli Tuncay
Published: July 2022

Purpose- The study aims to explore the factors that accelarate the emergence of social innovations after Covid-19. With the study, it is also aimed to emphasize the topicality and importance of the subject by drawing the attention of stakeholders and academia in the field of social entrepreneurship, where a limited number of studies are conducted in Turkey.
Methodology- The study employs a qualitative method that includes literature review, observations and in-depth interviews with 6 social ventures in Turkey.
Findings- The analysis reveals that, being extraversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, passion, need for achievement, social vision and desire to help others are the most common characteristics among social enterpreneurs participants. It is seen that entrepreneurs are highly open to new experiences and conscientious in their relationships. All extroverted participants make progress in their social initiatives by using their personal networks and experience a sense of personal satisfaction through their social ventures. Another implication of the study is that the actions and efforts of the individuals are encouraged by the work itself and the desire to achieve inner satisfaction, and they use their solutions in creating value not only for their own benefits but also for the others. Although there is limited evidence to support the researchers’ basic premise that the COVID-19 pandemic period accelerates and encourages the emergence of social entrepreneurship, the findings are consistent with the authors' conceptual model. Social entrepreneurs are intrinsically motivated to express their needs and passion for achievement, while being extrinsically motivated as social visionaries to satisfy their desire to help their target community.
Conclusion- The results of the research confirm the researchers’ proposition that the prominent factors in the establishment of social enterprises are pro-social factors and personal motivations. While the factors of passionate and need for achievement from personal motivations drew attention, desire to help others and social vision factors from pro-social factors were determined as leading factors. In this context, it has been concluded that since the social vision is one of the prominent features of social entrepreneurs, participants who are open to experiences can define social problems more easily.

Keywords: Social entrepreneurship, social ventures, entrepreneurship motivation, post Covid-19.
JEL Codes: L26, L31, M13
Sustainability and efficiency in university hospital strategic management: intellectual value-added coefficient (VAIC)
Authors: Orsal Ozgul , Uckun Nurullah
Published: July 2022

Purpose- Changing economic approaches force the sustainability and efficiency of public health management structures to be provided with existing resources. In this direction, our study is aimed to evaluate the effect of the Intellectual Value Added Coefficient-VAIC of a university hospital, which has important resources in terms of high-level knowledge and skill use, on sustainability and efficiency.
Methodology- The financial reports of the university hospital; It was obtained from the precise and detailed trial balance, balance sheet, and income-expense statement data. Relevant data in the VAIC model were taken and analyzed by comparing them over three years.
Findings- The VAIC effectively increases the university hospital's efficiency and sustainability rates over three years. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between VAIC and ATO in all of the years 2014-2016. While there was no significant relationship between VAIC and ROA in 2014, there was a negative relationship in 2015, and a positive relationship in 2016.
Conclusion- There is an increasing relationship between the efficiency of the added value created by the components that make up the university hospital resources and the productivity. Between the efficiency of the added value and the profitability, as the debts that were taken over from the previous years are closed; while a relationship could not be established in 2014, it was determined that profitability decreased in 2015 and increased profitability in 2016. It has been determined that the VAIC Model can be used and effective in the evaluation of sustainability and efficiency in the strategic management of university hospitals. In addition, these results reveal that university hospitals should use these important powers by developing them. We claim that this new approach will contribute significantly to financial risks in the implementation of strategic management and cost analysis against financial dilemmas in ensuring the financial sustainability of university hospitals in Turkey.

Keywords: Public administration, Intellectual Value Added Coefficient (VAIC), university hospitals, financial sustainability, efficiency.
JEL Codes: H83, D24, M21, Q56
The volatility spillover between NFT investment index and global technology index: DCC-GARCH application
Authors: Akkus Hilmi Tunahan , Gursoy Samet , Dogan Mesut
Published: July 2022

Purpose- NFT is a digital token that represents a unique, one-of-a-kind asset on the blockchain. In this respect, NFTs can be used to represent ownership of any unique asset. In this study, the volatility spillover relationship between the NFT Investment Index and the Global Technology Index (XTEC) is investigated.
Methodology- More than one GARCH type model has been developed that reveals the relationship between assets in financial markets. The DCC GARCH model was preferred because it is a current model that reveals the variable correlation coefficient depending on time. The DCC-GARCH method was preferred for modeling the volatility spillover in the study. Daily data covering the period 19.04.2021-22.04.2022 are used.
Findings- - According to the findings of the study; A mutual volatility spillover has been detected between the NFT Investment Index and XTEC. Accordingly, the 1% shock in XTEC increases the NFT Investment Index volatility by 0.24%, while the 1% shock in the NFT Investment Index increases the XTEC volatility by approximately 1.86%. The findings show that NFT Investment Index volatility is more effective on XTEC volatility.
Conclusion- Those who invest in NFT or technology markets and those who are considering investing should also take into account the developments in the other market in question in terms of risk management. In addition, market regulators should take a proactive approach by considering the impact and importance of NFT markets.

Keywords: Blockchain, crypto
The mediating role of organizational identification in the effect of leader-member exchange on performance
Authors: Tanriverdi Gokhan , Okoth Basil , Dogan Umit
Published: July 2022

Purpose- It is known that research assistants are in constant interaction with their advisors on various issues related to their thesis processes and other academic studies as well as their administrative work during their academic development. The literature has some studies on the factors that increase the performance of research assistants in these processes, as well as on the factors that adversely affect their performance. At this point, the quality of the research assistants' relationships with their advisors and their level of identification with the university they work for can affect their academic and administrative performances. Accordingly, the study aims to investigate the mediating role of organizational identification in the effect of the quality of the relationship between research assistants and their advisors on their performance.
Methodology- Research data were collected from research assistants working for public universities in Turkey. With 201 completed questionnaires, the model with mediation analysis was tested by the researchers, based on the partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) through SmartPLS 4 software. Also, descriptive data were analyzed by SPSS 25 software.
Findings- The results of the research reveal that LMX influences research assistants’ job performance via their advisors. In addition, organizational identification has a partial mediating role in the effect of research assistants' relationship with their advisors on their job performance.
Conclusions- It is considered that research assistants' quality relations with their advisors, as well as identification with the universities they work for, can be significantly beneficial to their job performance. The study is expected to contribute performance determinants of research assistants. Future studies can be carried out on mediation effects by adding different variables to the model.

Keywords: Leader-member exchange, organizational identification, job performance, research assistants, PLS-SEM.
JEL Codes: C12, D23, M10
A concurrent triangulation mixed methods study on Basel II/III capital modelling techniques implementation in Zimbabwean banks
Authors: Tepetepe Gilbert
Published: July 2022

Purpose- While extending two extant studies, this paper pioneers a holistic test and critical examination of the usefulness of Basel II/III capital modeling implementation in sixteen Zimbabwean banks.
Methodology- A mixed method approach was adopted where quantitative and qualitative research designs were concurrently combined under equal status. Quantitative data was collected with self-administered structured questionnaires distributed to 120 Risk Managers and manifest archival content analysis carried on 160 audited annual financial statements for 2011-2020. Qualitative data was collected with latent archival content analysis from purposive samples of 35 audited annual financial statements and 20 previous survey reports both for 2011-2020. Data analysis was carried out with descriptive statitistics and interpretative methods.
Findings- This paper finds deep implementation of Basel II/III capital modeling methods, sufficient data and skills, violation of the proportionality principle, existence of information asymmetries and low levels of market discipline and supervision in Zimbabwean banks. The violation of proportionality principle is shown by the fact that local banks are implementing advanced capital modeling methods at the same pace or even higher than internationally active banks. The existence of information asymmetries is shown by divergence of perspectives between regulator and banks. While the regulator is enforcing proportionality, banks are adopting advanced methods for their internal purposes regardless of size. The usefulness of Basel II/III capital modeling in Zimbabwean banks as a tool for managing risk based minimum capital requirements is not clear given the violation of the proportionality principle by banks and existence of other parallel higher capital requirements enforced by the regulator.
Conclusion-This paper makes two specific contributions to knowledge. First it adds empirical evidence to two previous studies thus contributing to literature on proportionality and Basel II/III capital modeling practices in Zimbabwean banks. Second, it proposes policy recommendations to improve capital management in Zimbabwean banks.

Keywords: quantitative risk management, capital modeling, global capital regulation, concurrent triangulation, mixed methods, financial engineering.
JEL Codes: G10, G20, F30
Blockchain technology and its impact on audit activities
Authors: Gokoglan Kadir Gokoglan , Cetin Sakine
Published: July 2022

Purpose- Within the scope of this study, it is to conduct a comprehensive literature review on the conceptualisation, functioning, historical process, types, basic features, areas of use of blockchain technology and finally the relationship of blockchain technology in terms of an audit.
Methodology- A comprehensive literature review was conducted on the concept relationship of blockchain technology in terms of auditing.
Findings- The biggest feature of blockchain technology is that it has a decentralized verification system. In this respect, it is shown as one of the most effective areas where digital transformation is experienced. The usage areas of blockchain technology can be summarized as shown: Finance, public service, health, supply chain, education and auditing. The main impact of blockchain technology on the audit profession is to reduce the cost of monitoring and control as blockchain technology becomes more common in organizations thanks to the reliability, transparency and timeliness of the data used in auditing. Blockchain creates a more robust audit trail by using multiple sibling databases instead of a single and central database. The most important part that distinguishes blockchain technology from other technologies is that this technology is far from a centralized structure.
Conclusion- With the blockchain technology, which emerged to question the need for intermediary institutions that provide trust and to show that there is no need for trust in intermediary institutions, it is expected that many sectors from the banking and finance sector, logistics and supply chain to the health sector will be affected, especially cost and time savings. With the increasing number of blockchain technology, the existing risks both continue and new technology brings new risks. This technology inevitably affects audit activities as it does all sectors. Businesses should identify these risks and take the necessary precautions. Internal audit departments should develop themselves on blockchain, and businesses should allocate an additional budget for those working in this department and ensure that they receive training on this subject.

Keywords: Blockchain, audit, database security, distributed ledger technology, digital transformation.
JEL Codes: G10, M10, O10
Relationship between Covid-19 and money supply in Turkey: evidence from ARDL bounds testing approach
Authors: Cigdem Gulgun , Orhan Osman Zekayi
Published: July 2022

Purpose- COVID-19 has been a devastating process. During this period, there was a significant increase in the money supply. So, in this process, is there a relationship between COVID-19 and the money supply? This study intends to investigate if COVID-19 and the money supply have both a short- and long-term relationship.
Methodology- Logarithmic conversions were used to examine the number of COVID-19 new cases obtained from the Association of Public Health Professionals (HASUDER) and the Turkey Republic Ministry of Health, as well as M2 weekly money supply data from the Central Bank of the Republic of Turkey (CBRT) Electronic Data Distribution System (EVDS). For stationarity tests, the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF), Phillips Perron (PP), and Kwiatkowski, Phillips, Schmidt, and Shin (KPSS) unit root tests were used. Due to the different degrees of stationarity of the series, cointegration was not possible, so the long-term relationship was evaluated using Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Short-term analyzes included the VAR Model and the Granger Causality Test.
Findings- COVID-19 and the money supply, according to the findings, are not cointegrated in the long term. It has been discovered that the series do not move together over the long run. But in the short term, COVID-19 is a Granger cause of the money supply.
Conclusion- The increase in COVID-19 cases positively affects the money supply. An increase in the money supply also leads to inflation. Therefore, in order to cope with the inflationary process triggered by the pandemic, measures to prevent the increase in COVID-19 cases are important. These findings will be "confirming" in the design of policies in this process. This study is also a contribution to the literature due to the lack of studies investigating the response of the money supply to COVID-19.

Keywords: Covid-19, money supply, ARDL bounds testing approach, VAR model, Granger Causality.
JEL Codes: E51, E52, I15, I18, C22
Yield of essential oil from Bursera graveolens wood: Utilization of chips, shavings and sawdust
Authors: Puescas Miguel , Herrera Eber , Moscol José , Solís José
Published: July 2022

The aim of this research was to determine the yield of essential oil from dry wood of the Palo Santo Forest species Bursera graveolens. The dry wood was obtained from the forest concession area of the Universidad Nacional de Tumbes. Sawdust, shavings, and chips (2x2 cm, 1x1 cm, and 0.5x0.5 cm) were obtained using manual and mechanical tools. The steam dragging method was used to extract the essential oil using the Dual Distiller equipment with a capacity of 20 L. The results determined that of the total of dry wood collected and after its transformation only 66.24% was in optimal conditions for the study, losing 33.76% due to external and internal impurities and the artisan technique used in the transformation. Likewise, the average moisture content was 13.89%. Finally, of the five samples, the highest yield in essential oil was for shavings and sawdust with 13.76 and 14.53 mL/kg, respectively. It is concluded that the greater surface area exposed to the steam of dry Palo Santo wood allows it to carry more essential oil and directly influences the yield.
Correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in drinking water and their concentration in the surface water of the Tumbes River, Peru
Authors: García Andy , Rimaycuna Jhon , Herrera Eber , Bermejo Luis , Cruz Gerardo
Published: July 2022

The objective of this research was to find the correlation between the concentration of heavy metals in drinking water in rural areas of Tumbes and their concentration in the surface water of the Tumbes River, for which the Pearson correlation method was used and atomic emission spectroscopy using the graphite technique, where a high concentration of lead was found in the river and in drinking water, reaching concentrations of 194.889 ± 0.3182 µg/l in the town of San Jacinto and 99.079 ± 0 0.0481 µg/l in the town of Oidor, in addition, an inverse correlation index of low intensity was found for all the heavy metals analyzed with values ​​of -0.62 (pb), -0.8 (cd) and -0.65 ( cr), which indicates a decrease in the concentrations present in homes, except for some points where an increase is evident, such as the case of Rica Playa, La Capitana, Higuerón and Oidor, towns that do not have a treatment system. of water.
Phytophagous insects associated with quinoa crop (Chenopodium quinoa Willd) in winter and its biological controllers
Authors: Soca Melva , Vergara Clorinda , Callohuari Yony , Jerí Antonio
Published: July 2022

The presence of main phytophagous insects and their natural enemies has been recorded in quinoa crop (Chenopodium quinoa) as well as the percentage of infestation and parasitism in phytophagous insects in La Molina, from June 21st through September 27th, 2014. Survey was performed using pitfall traps, plant organ evaluation, aerial net, and mined leaves collection in the mid third of the plant. Five important phytophagous species were recorded, Liriomyza huidobrensis, Prodiplosis longifila, Myzus persicae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae and Frankliniella occidentalis. L. huidobrensis and P. longifila were the most important. The most important biological controllers due to their abundance and frequency were Halticoptera arduine, Chrysocharis sp. A, Diglyphus sp. A as parasitoids of L. huidobrensis, and Aphidius colemani as parasitoid of aphids, mainly affecting M. persicae. The following predators were also recorded, Chrysotus sp. A, Chrysotus sp. B, Blennidus peruvianus and Rhinacloa pallidipes. The outcomes of this study will serve as a basis for future research on quinoa pests, as well as for professionals who work on integrated pest management in this crop.
Native stingless bees in Tumbes, Peru: Genomic characterization and bacterial community
Authors: Valladolid Milton , Chapoñan Henry , García Ramón , Labán Pedro , Díaz Néstor , Deza Carlos , Garrido Miguel , Sánchez Dicson , Zapata Jorge , Mialhe Eric
Published: July 2022

"Native stingless bees" are found in dry forests of the Northwest Amotapes Biosphere Reserve Mangroves, Tumbes, Peru, and nearby rural populations. These bees play an important role as pollinators of agricultural and forest crops and as suppliers of honey and pollen", Melipona mimética being the most important species. The objectives of the study were: molecular identification using three different genetic loci (Cytochrome c oxidase, 28S ribosomal RNA and 16S rRNA gene), Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and bioinformatic analysis, identifying with the genres: Cephalotrigona sp., Geotrigona sp., Lestrimelitta sp., Melipona sp., Nannotrigona sp., Oxytrigona sp., Plebeia sp., Scaptotrigona, sp., Trigona sp. y Trigonisca sp. And making use of Metagenomics and Clostridium spp., Lactobacillus camelliae, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus manihotivorans, Lactobacillus paracollinoides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pontis, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus suebicus, Lactobacillus vaccinostercus, Lactobacillus vaginalis, Pediococcus acidilactici,short sequences of the 16s DNAr gene, verified in NCBI, bacterial species were found: in eggs 139, larvae 31, pupae 154 and adults 39, being the most important Clostridium spp., Lactobacillus camelliae, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus manihotivorans, Lactobacillus paracollinoides, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus pontis, Lactobacillus reuteri, Lactobacillus sakei, Lactobacillus suebicus, Lactobacillus vaccinostercus, Lactobacillus vaginalis, Pediococcus acidilactici and through media-dependent and media-independent techniques to: Bacillus subtilis subsp subtilis in larva, Paenibacillus xylanilyticus in pupa and adult: Humibacter sp., Acinetobacter sp., Acinetobacter nectaris and Fructobacillus sp. The genomic identification and bacterial community are relevant, as it is the first study of these species in Peru.
Stinting larvae (Lepidoptera) associated with horticultural crops in Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panama
Authors: Collantes Rubén , Santos Alonso , Pittí Javier , Atencio Randy , Barba Anovel , Cardona José
Published: July 2022

The objective of this study was to identify Lepidoptera stinging larvae found in plots with horticultural crops in Cerro Punta, Chiriquí, Panama and to confirm the possible symptoms caused by erucism and lepidopterism. About 16 random samplings were carried out during 14 and a half months, in plots with crops, surrounding vegetation and infrastructure. Photographs were taken and samples were collected for processing in the laboratory. Specialized literature was consulted for identification. A survey of 33 people affected by erucism or lepidopterism was carried out. According to the results, the larvae found on the crops corresponded to Leucanella hosmera (Schaus, 1941) (Saturniidae), Halysidota tessellaris (Smith, 1797) (Erebidae), Acharia stimulea (Clemens, 1860) (Limacodidae) and an adult specimen of Megalopyge opercularis (Smith, 1797) (Megalopygidae) was also found on a wall. In wild vegetation, L. hosmera and possibly Automeris pallidior Draudt, 1929 (Saturniidae) larvae were found feeding on Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich (Rubiaceae). The survey reflected burning, pain and inflammation as frequent symptoms due to erucism or lepidopterism in 93.9%, requiring medical attention in 18.18% of cases. In conclusion, five species of stinging larvae associated with horticultural crops were identified in Cerro Punta, which represent a potential health risk.
The competitiveness of agricultural projects in the Amazonas, San Martín, Loreto and Ucayali Regions
Authors: Reategui Keneth , Aguirre Nazario , Buendía Marilyn , Aguirre Darwin
Published: July 2022

The objective of the research was to identify and measure the factors that influence the competitiveness of agricultural research projects. Nineteen research projects that were executed by the INCAGRO program in four regions (Amazonas, San Martín, Loreto and Ucayali) were analyzed. The factorial analysis grouped 22 variables into four factors: F1, Knowledge-facilities; F2, Funds; F3, Plans and F4, Impact. The estimated regression model Y = 3.421 + 0.391F1 +0.197F2 + 0.193F3 -0.051F4 (R2: 0.89) was used and Spearman's non-parametric correlation coefficients indicated that, to improve the competitiveness of research projects, it is It is essential to have qualified professionals, experimental fields, availability of laboratories equipped with the latest technology, in addition to having access to the national and international scientific and technological information system. The results obtained are relevant for agricultural research and extension projects in order to improve competitiveness.
Removal Efficiency and impact of wastewater treatment system in the urban and rural sector of the Santa Elena Province
Authors: Humanante Juan , Moreno Lucrecia , Grijalva Ana , Saldoya Ricardo , Suárez Joan
Published: July 2022

A wastewater treatment system consists of a series of physical, chemical, and biological processes that aim to eliminate the contaminants present in the water. The objective of the research is to evaluate the wastewater treatment systems of the Punta Carnero sector, Ancón and Anconcito parish, through an experimental descriptive investigation to know the impact generated by the contamination parameters due to the incorrect treatment of these with respect to the analysis. of its efficiency and final discharge from the urban-rural area of ​​the Province of Santa Elena. The removal efficiency of pollutant loads was evaluated in percentage and the final discharge by the mean and standard deviation from 2015 to 2020. It was determined that the Ancón and Anconcito systems have better removal efficiency than Punta Carnero., however, the percentage is not optimal. The discharge of fecal coliforms, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, and surfactants in none of the systems complies with the maximum permissible limits of Ecuadorian regulations. It was known that these systems generate negative impacts on health and the environment of the sector under study.
Isolation and identification of Leishmania sp of Amblyomma naponense and Amblyomma humerale collected from Pecari tajacu, Tayassu pecari and Chelonoide denticulata
Authors: Rojas Jesús , Zarate Daniel , Montoya Gino
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify Leishmania from Amblyomma naponense and Amblyomma humerale collected from Pecari tajacu, Tayassu pecari and Chelonoides denticulata. Amblyomma naponense and Amblyomma humerale ticks were collected from Pecari tajacu, Tayassu pecari and Chelonoides denticulata in Madre de Dios, Peru. The viscera and salivary glands of the ticks were extracted, and direct observations were made under the microscope. Samples were cultured in biphasic blood agar and inoculated into the footpads and intraperitoneal of hamsters. In none of the observations, cultures and responses to inoculations was the parasite isolated or identified. These results show basic research which serves to recommend the use of a larger number of ticks collected from various animals as potential reservoirs of Leishmania and the use of a highly sensitive parasite detection technique such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR).
The situation of the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citriKuwayama) (Hemiptera: Liviidae), vector of Huanglongbing in Ecuador
Authors: García Nery , Zambrano Michel , Chirinos Dorys
Published: July 2022

The world's most destructive citrus problem is Huanglongbing, a bacterial disease caused by CandidatusLiberibacter spp. The Asian psyllid, Diaphorina citri(Hemiptera: Liviidae), its main vector in the Americaswas detected in Ecuador in 2013 and although the disease has not been reported, it is necessary to prepare for the eventual arrival of the Huanglongbing. In order to collect information about D. citriin Ecuador, searches were carried out through different databases on research on the pest in the country. The results show that D.citriis present in 10 of the 24 Ecuadorian provinces, whose biology studies indicated a cycle length of 16 days. Twenty natural enemy taxa (two parasitoids and 18 predators) were detected. Laboratory studies indicate the short cycle of the main parasitoid, Tamarixia radiata(Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), which gives it attributes as a natural enemy. The population fluctuations ofthe pest and parasitism refer to the importance of these biological agents, which could be used in management programs for this pest. Research also mentions the high use of chemical insecticides among citrus growers, which could have a negative impact on the establishment of biological control programs.
Hydrological models for the estimation of ecological flow
Authors: Alvarez Jairo , Huamán José
Published: July 2022

Fixing the ecological flow in the world's rivers contributes to the preservation of river ecosystems and the management of water resources, related to the social and economic aspects; It is the volume of water necessary to maintain a healthy river ecosystem capable of providing goods and services. The hydrological method was the first proposed method to estimate the ecological flow, developed in the 60s and 70s of the 20th century. There are different methods to estimate the ecological flow, such as: hydrological, hydraulic, eco-hydraulic and holistic methods. In the present work, a review of seven hydrological methods was carried out, these are: Asturian, flow permanence curve, Ecuadorian or 5% of the annual average, referential-Peruvian regulations, Scottish or 3 critical months, Swiss and Tennant-Montana (1976). These hydrological methods use historical records of flows from hydrometric stations to quickly and cheaply obtain an easily interpreted result. Tennant-Montana (1976) is the most widely used method in river basins in 25 countries to determine ecological flow, and it is the second most widely used method in the US and Canada. These methods are applicable for an investigation in any river of the Peruvian territory.
Identification methods for root-knot nematode Meloidogyne
Authors: Vélez Sergio , Guzmán Angel
Published: July 2022

The species of the genus Meloidogyne are globally distributed and generally induce the formation of galls or nodules in the roots of a wide variety of plants, due to this; this nematode is known as "Root knot nematode". The affected plants show loss of turgidity of the leaves, chlorosis and the withering, which leads to a reduction in crop yields. In Ecuador, the presence of several species of the root knot nematode has been registered, in wild and cultivated plants. For the diagnosis, the identification of this plant parasitic nematode, initially was by the use of morphological characters and later was incorporated the use of the analysis of the isoenzyme phenotypes in polyacrylamide gel. However, molecular techniques, which include the analysis of partial or total sequences of one or more genes of taxonomic importance, have generated a revolution in Taxonomy in general, so it is currently one of the strategies with enormous potential for the identification and genetic study of Meloidogyne spp. due to its high sensitivity and reliability of the result. The modern identification techniques will allow a correct identification of Meloidogyne spp., which contributes to the design of adequate management strategies for this phytopathogenic nematode.
Renewable energies in cities: Perspectives for the use of biogas in Brazil
Authors: Neres Letícia Morais , Ramos Heidy Rodriguez
Published: July 2022

One of the main challenges for the present and future of citiesare new energy sources that allow good efficiency and low environmental impact. In this sense, this study analyzed biogas, an energy source from the decomposition of organic matter. A theoretical essay was carried out from bibliographical research, with the aim of presenting the current scenario of the different perspectives of production and application of biogas in Brazil, in urban and rural areas of the country. The observed results showed that, in rural areas, the input for the production of biogas comes mainly from animal husbandry, and that the form of use is mainly directed towards obtaining thermal energy. In urban areas, practically all biogas production is carried out in sanitary landfills and sewage treatment plants, given the large amount of excess organic matter from the waste treatment activity. However, even though the country has relatively important indices of biogas production and use, it was clear from the theoretical framework analyzed that not only is the amount generated very low for generation potentials in Brazil, but there is also an evident lack of technologies in relation to biodigesters, in addition to a weak legislation to promote Brazilian biogas, which led to the conclusion that biogas production in the country is proceeding at a very slow pace. The study is limited in terms of detailing the barriers observed, and, therefore, it is suggested that future studies seek an in-depth analysis of these barriers.
Smart cities: Disaster Resilience Outlook in the city Juiz de Fora / MG
Authors: Dos Santos Rosana Campos , Rodrigues da Silva Oliveira Amanda , De Athayde Salomão Mariana , Alberto Barroso Castañon José
Published: July 2022

Disasters are phenomena such as: floods, landslides, droughts, hurricanes, earthquakes, among others. Risk and disaster management is a social process that aims to reduce and permanently control the main factors that cause disasters in society. According to the UN (2021), in the last two decades floods were responsible for over 40% of disasters, negatively impacting 1.65 billion people, followed by major storms representing 28%, earthquakes 8% and extreme temperatures 6%. This paper uses as methodology qualitative and exploratory research, followed by literature review, to map the landscape of disaster resilience in Juiz de Fora/MG. Urbanization is a global challenge, in 30 years two thirds of the world's population will reside in urban areas, so it is essential that cities adapt to be resilient, to preserve life and the environment
Urban sustainability in Brazil and its applications: a systematic review
Authors: Leal Thomas Leonardo Marques de Castro , Silva Tâmara Bastos , Figueirêdo Sheilla da Silva Melo , Lopes Wilza Gomes Reis , Zanella Maria Elisa
Published: July 2022

The depletion of natural resources has stimulated debates on urban sustainability. Thus, this paper aims to analyze articles on urban sustainability in Brazilian territory, as well as its instruments and indicators. To achieve the proposed aim, this work uses the systematic review method. The studies on urbanization arise as legitimators of a process of modernity and industrialization. Thus, the theme “urban sustainability” gained notoriety when it was introduced in the 17 Sustainable Development Goals. Many studies analyzed used indicators, with a quantitative and/or qualitative approach, with various applications, among cities, neighborhoods, and even projects. In Brazil, there is a legal framework that favors the development of urban sustainability. However, it is necessary to use adequate methodologies to reduce the subjectivity of sustainability assessment. One of the major difficulties in applying urban sustainability assessment is data availability.
Contribution to the discussion on healthy cities: analysis of the correlation between the MHDI and the presence of public open spaces in the city of Recife/PE
Authors: Cavalcanti Rafaella dos Santos , Bezerra Maria do Carmo de Lima
Published: July 2022

In Brazil there is an intuitive comprehension of the idea that open and green spaces affect the quality of life, but there are few effective correlation studies about the aspects that most contribute and support efficacious interventions in cities and their degree of relevance. In Europe and other countries, such as Canada, efforts have been made since the late 1980s to understand the contribution of these open spaces to quality urban living. Aiming to identify the intensity of this correlation in Brazil, and more precisely in Recife/PE, this paper explores the variables of the MHDI in different ways, as they relate to the concept of quality of life through the availability of public open spaces in the city. To support the study, a review of the literature about healthy cities, quality of life and open and green spaces was carried out, as well as an analysis of the available indexes that reflect the correlation of these concepts. As a result, the study identified a weak correlation between the MHDI variables and the presence of open spaces, including paved and green spaces; but also a better correlation when only the spaces with the largest vegetation coverage were considered. Finally, the study emphasizes the need to carry out new research based on other aspects of quality of life, in particular those related to health already contemplated in the international literature, to foster healthier cities in Brazil through a more efficient implementation of open space systems.
Contrasts of urban development in Bauru city (SP): slum and fortified enclaves in Jardim Nicéia
Authors: Krause Anna B. P. , Goulart Jefferson O.
Published: July 2022

The urban development of medium-sized cities in the interior of São Paulo state reproduced, to a large extent, the segregating logic of the Brazilian urbanization of large urban centers throughout the XX century. This paper analyzes the remarkable characteristics of the recent urbanization process in the city of Bauru (SP), relating them to the rise of precarious settlements in the form of the favela and the phenomenon of contemporary segregation in fortified enclaves. The object of analysis is the  Jardim Nicéia slum, located between gated condominiums in the southern part of the city. The methodology used included a bibliographic review of theoretical and analytical references, research on demographic and socioeconomic data sources (IBGE, City Hall and municipal public agencies) and socio-spatial analysis of the area, in order to interpret how segregation is reproduced in this specific territorial area.