bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risk Factors for Mortality in Severely Ill Children Admitted to a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Malawi
Authors: Ngwalangwa Fatsani , Phiri Chikondi H. A. , Dube Queen , Langton Josephine , Hildenwall Helena , Baker Tim
Published: July 2019

In low-resource settings, many children are severely ill at arrival to hospital. The risk factors for mortality among such ill children are not well-known. Understanding which of these patients are at the highest risk could assist in the allocation of limited resources to where they are most needed. A cohort study of severely ill children treated in the resuscitation room of the pediatric emergency department at Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital in Malawi was conducted over a 6-month period in 2017. Data on signs and symptoms, vital signs, blood glucose levels, and nutritional status were collected and linked with in-hospital mortality data. The factors associated with in-hospital mortality were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Data for 1,359 patients were analyzed and 118 (8.7%) patients died. The following factors were associated with mortality: presence of any severely deranged vital sign, unadjusted odds ratio (UOR) 2.6 (95% CI 1.7–4.0) and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.2 (95% CI 2.0–5.0); severe dehydration, UOR 2.6 (1.4–5.1) and AOR 2.8 (1.3–6.0); hypoglycemia glycemia (< 5 mmol/L), UOR 3.6 (2.2–5.8) and AOR 2.7 (1.6–4.7); and severe acute malnutrition, UOR 5.8 (3.5–9.6) and AOR 5.7 (3.3–10.0). This study suggests that among severely sick children, increased attention should be given to those with hypo/low glycemia, deranged vital signs, malnutrition, and severe dehydration to avert mortality among these high-risk patients.
Distrionella coxiana, a new fragilarioid diatom species (Bacillariophyceae) from Tierra del Fuego, Patagonia, Argentina
Authors: Casa Valeria , Mataloni Gabriela , Van de Vijver Bart
Published: July 2019

Background and aims – A few years ago, a new survey started of the freshwater diatom flora from peatbogs of Tierra del Fuego (southern Argentina). During this survey, an unknown fragilarioid diatom belonging to the genus Distrionella that could not be identified using the currently available literature was discovered.

Methods – Using both Light Microscopical and Scanning Electron Microscopical techniques, the morphology of the unknown Distrionella species has been analysed. The new taxon is properly described, illustrated and compared with all other possible similar Distrionella taxa, known worldwide.

Key results – Distrionella coxiana possesses a unique combination of morphological features that excludes conspecificity with all other members of the genus; it is characterized in having narrow, linear valves with small, capitate apices. Transapical ribs, a typical feature of the genus Distrionella, are only weakly developed. One rimoportula is observed close to the apices. Both apices have well-developed apical porefields. The girdle bands bear one complete row of poroids often accompanied by a second, incomplete row of small poroids. Notes on the occurrence and ecology of the new taxon are added.
New Amphora and Halamphora (Bacillariophyta) species from springs in the northern Apennines (Emilia-Romagna, Italy)
Authors: Cantonati Marco , Angeli Nicola , Lange-Bertalot Horst , Levkov Zlatko
Published: July 2019

Background and aims – The detailed analysis of algae and cyanoprokaryotes in a heterogeneous group of spring habitats (including all the different typologies) of the northern Apennines (Emilia-Romagna Region, Italy) revealed a new Amphora species in a small mountain flowing spring with low conductivity, and a new Halamphora species in a large, inland-saline (Triassic gypsum), fast flowing spring (Poiano spring). The present study aims to describe in detail these two new species found in contrasting spring types.

Methods – This study is based on light microscopy (both fresh –for plastids – and prepared materials) and scanning electron microscopy observations, as well as a thorough morphological, physical, chemical, and biological characterization of the habitats.

Key results – Amphora eileencoxiae sp. nov. is most similar to A. vetula (and allied taxa), and is characterized by the outline with acutely rounded, moderately ventrally bent ends, by the dimensions, and by the well-defined, semi-elliptic dorsal area. Halamphora poianensis sp. nov. is most similar to H. gasseae but differs by the higher stria density, the clearly ventrally bent ends, and the strongly developed dorsal raphe ledge.

Conclusions – This is a contribution to the knowledge of the genera Amphora and Halamphora in mountain springs in understudied geographic areas and inland-saline springs, the species communities of which are likely insufficiently explored.
Typification of the first recognized blue pigmented diatom, Haslea ostrearia (Bacillariophyceae)
Authors: Poulin Michel , Méléder Vona , Mouget Jean-Luc
Published: July 2019

Background and aims – The blue pigmented diatom, Haslea ostrearia (Gaillon) Simonsen, which has been the material object for many physiological and ecological studies, was first described from oyster ponds in France as Vibrio ostrearius Gaillon; however, his study material seems not to be conserved.

Methods – A thorough search to retrieve potential available historical collections has been conducted.

Key results – It has been proven that no relevant historical material exists for H. ostrearia. Thus, an oyster pond at Bouin in Baie de Bourgneuf, France, was sampled in 2018 to obtain material allowing neotype designation.

Conclusion – Slides and stubs have been deposited as neotype material of the species in the Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France (PC). At the same time, this material is the generitype of the genus Haslea Simonsen. Furthermore, isoneotypes have been deposited at the British Museum (BM) and the Bremerhaven Hustedt collection (BRM).
Acceleration of protons and heavy ions to suprathermal energies during dipolarizations in the near-Earth magnetotail
Authors: Malykhin Andrei Y. , Grigorenko Elena E. , Kronberg Elena A. , Daly Patrick W. , Kozak Ludmila V.
Published: July 2019

Abstract. In this work we present an analysis of the dynamics of
suprathermal ions of different masses (H+, He+, O+) during
prolonged dipolarizations in the near-Earth magnetotail (X>-17RE) according to Cluster/RAPID observations in 2001–2005. All
dipolarizations from our database were associated with fast flow braking
and consisted of multiple dipolarization fronts (DFs). We found
statistically that fluxes of suprathermal ions started to increase
∼1 min before the dipolarization onset and continued to grow
for ∼1 min after the onset. The start of flux growth
coincided with the beginning of a decrease in the spectral index γ.
The decrease in γ was observed for protons for ∼1 min after the dipolarization onset, and for He+ and O+ ions for ∼3 and ∼5 min after the onset
respectively. The negative variations of γ for O+ ions were ∼2.5 times larger than for light ions. This demonstrates more
efficient acceleration for heavy ions. The strong negative variations of
γ were observed in finite energy ranges for all ion components. This
indicates the possibility of nonadiabatic resonant acceleration of ions in
the course of their interaction with multiple DFs during dipolarizations.
Our analysis showed that some fraction of light ions can be accelerated up
to energies ≥600 keV and some fraction of oxygen ions can be
accelerated up to ∼1.2 MeV. Such strong energy gains cannot
be explained by acceleration at a single propagating DF and suggest the
possibility of multistage ion acceleration in the course of their
interaction with multiple DFs during the prolonged dipolarizations.
Revista Eventos Pedagógicos: De Revista-Escolar Ao Qualis B1
Authors: Tomé Cristinne Leus , Costa Débora Pereira Lucas
Published: July 2019

Saber ler, interpretar, escrever e gerar conhecimento são tarefas intrínsecas ao cotidiano daqueles que se propõem a trabalhar nas salas de aula. Essa é a realidade dos acadêmicos de Pedagogia, na Universidade do Estado de Mato Grosso (UNEMAT), Câmpus de Sinop, que contam com uma iniciativa que lhes propicia publicar conhecimentos e experiências. A Revista Eventos Pedagógicos (REP’S) é o objeto desse relato de experiência. É um projeto de extensão que se iniciou em 2010, na disciplina Eventos Científicos da Metodologia de Pesquisa Educacional, como uma revista-escola, para divulgação das pesquisas acadêmicas realizadas durante o curso, em formato de artigos. Desde 2015, o periódico é avaliado pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Capes), com o Qualis B1, em Educação, pela qualidade, impacto e aderência. Atualmente, a REP’S conta com publicações de acadêmicos e, também, de pesquisadores de outras instituições de Ensino Superior do país e internacionais.
El huerto escolar como herramienta pedagógica para la asignatura de Ciencia Salud y Medio Ambiente en el Tercer ciclo del Centro Escolar Instituto Nacional de Santa Ana
Authors: Castaneda María Teresa
Published: July 2019

La enseñanza de las Ciencias Naturales supone un cambio en el modelo didáctico para mejorar los procesos de enseñanza tradicionales y proponer actividades innovadoras, que lleven a la experimentación y al fortalecimiento de la relación de la teoría con la práctica. En respuesta a ello, el objetivo de esta investigación fue incorporar la Metodología del Aprendizaje Basado en Proyectos (ABP), en la utilización del huerto escolar como recurso pedagógico y el desarrollo de prácticas experimentales en esta aula ecológica, dentro de la asignatura de Ciencias, Salud y Medio Ambiente del Tercer ciclo de educación básica. Los resultados obtenidos fueron satisfactorios, ya que se logró la adquisición de aprendizajes significativos por parte de los estudiantes, construyendo el conocimiento a través de la práctica directa con la naturaleza para la contextualización e integración de los contenidos conceptuales vistos en clase. Se fortalecieron no solo sus competencias científicas, sino también sus habilidades de trabajo en equipo, solidaridad, compromiso y servicio; interactuando con sus compañeros y aplicando la interdisciplinariedad como objeto principal en los procesos del saber hacer y el saber ser en el contexto. Como producto final se logró la propuesta de una guía metodológica en la que se fundamenta el trabajo en la asignatura de Ciencias, Salud y Medio Ambiente, permitiendo así la integración de materias como: Matemática, Lenguaje, Estudios Sociales e Inglés, lográndose la integración de asignaturas dentro del huerto, dejando un precedente de innovación educativa dentro de un centro escolar complejo, que alberga a una amplia población estudiantil del sistema educativo salvadoreño.
El laberinto de la equidad de la educación en Centroamérica
Authors: Hernández Bienvenido Argueta
Published: July 2019

Desde la modernidad, la educación ha tenido un papel fundamental para construir tanto las democracias liberales como el desarrollo, con base en los principios de libertad y equidad. Sin embargo, los niveles de pobreza en la región centroamericana, particularmente en el triángulo norte, aunados a una baja cobertura y calidad de la educación que refuerza las desigualdades sociales, culturales y económicas, hacen imposible el bienestar y prosperidad de sus poblaciones. El presente artículo aborda los distintos enfoques de equidad que se discuten alrededor del mundo y en la región latinoamericana. Asimismo, se describe la precaria situación actual de la educación centroamericana que afecta a más de la mitad de la población que vive en situación de pobreza. Se muestra, además, la irracionalidad de una realidad que no solo expande las brechas entre ricos y pobres, sino que aumenta el número de familias viviendo en condiciones inhumanas y sin oportunidades de educación, condenando la construcción de una auténtica democracia y el desarrollo sostenible a su fracaso.
Exploring Post Occupancy Evaluation as a Sustainable Tool for Assessing Building Performance in Developing Countries
Authors: ACKLEY ANIEBIETABASI UFOT , Ukpong Edidiong
Published: July 2019

In recent years, the concept of post occupancy evaluation (POE) of building performance has attracted much attention globally, because of its benefits in enhancing future design decisions. However, developing countries give little or no concern to the practice of improving design outcomes using POEs. In Nigeria, buildings are rarely evaluated once they are handed over to the clients. This study explored the use of POE as a sustainable tool to evaluate building performance in developing countries with a case study of the Nigerian context. Using a systematic literature review, existing and current conceptual body of knowledge in peer-reviewed journals, electronic databases (Science Direct and Google Scholar), conference proceedings, and published articles were appraised; with specific focus to key issues of POE, such as; its definition, evolution, phases, levels, dimensions, application as a sustainable tool for building performance, and benefits. The study revealed that building occupants are a valuable source of information on building performance and POE serves the needs of the building users, and it is critical that the building should be evaluated from time to time to ensure that it is serving its intended purposes. Researchers also suggested that POE methods should be simple and building typology specific. It is suggested that POEs will be a vital tool in establishing best practices and lessons learned in delivering building performance evaluation in developing countries. Hence, the Education of professionals about the process of POE and the methods used, the education of clients by raising their awareness about the benefits of POE in sustaining building performance are suggested strategies for implementing POE in Nigeria and developing countries.
The Harms of Same-Sex Parenting
Authors: Krason Steven M. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2019

This was one of SCSS President Stephen M. Krason’s “Neither Left nor Right, but Catholic” columns that appear monthly in Crisis and The Wanderer. It discusses the solid social science research that shows the harms to children raised in same-sex households. He says that in spite of this the child protective system (CPS), which seems to regard such things as spanking and free-range parenting as child abuse/neglect apparently does not view the harms of same-sex parenting to be worthy of investigating. Krason suggests that this is because of the ideological biases that characterize the CPS.
In Defense of Catholic Fusionism
Authors: Varacalli Thomas F. X. ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2019

Patrick Deneen’s criticisms of liberalism are both penetrating and persuasive. Yet, Deneen does not adequately address liberalism’s strongest arguments. Deneen’s concept of “liberalism” is problematic because it minimizes the significant distinctions between classical liberalism and progressivism. Certain principles of classical liberalism, such as the free market and an increased awareness of human beings as rights-bearing individuals, are compatible with the Catholic faith. Progressivism, on the other hand, is not. Progressivism’s moral failings are far worse than those associated with classical liberalism. Although classical liberalism is itself flawed, it remains viable to the extent that it may be integrated with core Christian teachings.
Pope John XXIII’s Mater et Magistra
Authors: Siegmund J. Marianne ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2019

In Pope Saint John XXIII’s Encyclical Mater et Magistra (May 15, 1961), the Holy Father sought to apply the Church’s social doctrine to numerous situations of the times, among them the issue of the common good. This paper first anchors the encyclical within the larger frame of world history at the time in which it was written, and then offers a brief overview of Mater et Magistra. In light of two specific themes in the encyclical, the individual person and socialization, a final remark highlights the notion of the common good.
The Holes of an Ordinary Life
Authors: Moran John ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2019

Many modern readers of Tolstoy’s Anna Karenina view Anna’s passionate and scandalous romance with Vronsky as tragically heroic insofar as she desires nothing more than true love at any cost. These readers tend to view the story of Levin’s faith journey as inconsequential. This paper argues that such a reading is counter to Tolstoy’s intended message. Tolstoy intended to write a novel about the challenges of Christian faith in nineteenth century Russia. In doing so, he rewrote Paul’s Letter to the Romans in a manner consistent with his own emphasis upon the importance of the natural life—a life which embraces the natural cycle of birth and death and avoids the artificiality of urban, cosmopolitan life.
Main Themes and Problems with Oeconomicae et Pecuniariae Quaestiones
Authors: Montes Guillermo ,   Society of Catholic Social Scientists
Published: July 2019

This brief article discusses Oeconomicae et Pecuniariae Quaestiones, a document published by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith and the Discatery for Promoting Integral Human Development in May, 2018. The document focused on analyzing the current economic-financial global system and raised questions about its functioning from an ethical perspective rooted in Catholic social teaching. This article describes the structure, some themes, and some recommendations from the document; as well as some problems with the document that limit its influence.
Self-Saboteurs and Ethical Relationships
Authors: LaGuardia-LoBianco Alycia W. ,   Department of Philosophy, Florida State University
Published: July 2019

Common-sense morality tells us we should help our loved ones who suffer. Self-saboteurs complicate this intuition: ought we help someone who wants to suffer? In this paper, I discuss mechanisms of and motivations for self-sabotaging behavior. I then turn to the ethical complications of these cases: the risk of becoming complicit in another’s self-sabotage; the acceptable limits of caring for a self-saboteur; and the permissibility of paternalistic interference. I argue that while there is some permissible leeway involved in meeting another’s needs—including submitting to their low-stakes manipulation—doing so risks damaging the relationship. While paternalistic interference may seem justified, I argue that this approach is a morally problematic denial of the self-saboteur’s agency. Instead, I offer an alternative route between complicity and interference: carers ought to try to maintain a relationship built on the honest recognition of each other’s reasons, which may include the self-saboteur’s legitimate reasons to suffer.
A avaliação da gestão de recursos humanos por meio do balanced scorecard em alinhamento ao planejamento estratégico organizacional
Authors: Silva Alexsandro da , Souza Rosimere Viera da Cruz de , Lima Carlos Rogerio Montenegro de , Lima Mauricio Andrade de , Souza Nicole Smielevski de
Published: July 2019

Atualmente, as organizações visam buscar equilíbrio e sucesso, tendo como principal expoente o capital humano. Sabe-se que se deve organizar e planejar todas as ações, prevendo oscilações que o mercado pode vir a demonstrar, sendo necessário que os colaboradores estejam em total sincronia e principalmente focados nos mesmos objetivos da empresa, podendo levar a organização ao sucesso ou ao fracasso. O departamento de Gestão de Pessoas se envolve nas mais variadas atividades, desde as operacionais, das quais são conhecidas como rotineiras, como a legislação trabalhista, até mais complexas, conhecidas como as estratégicas, como por exemplo, desenvolver atividades que busquem a qualidade de vida do colaborador no ambiente da organização. Nesse trabalho, analisou-se a área de Gestão de Pessoas, e a criação de valor a partir do emprego do Balanced Scorecard (BSC). O BSC, que é uma metodologia de difusão da estratégia adotada pela empresa, por meio de indicadores de desempenho dos objetivos estratégicos, tendo como uma de suas funções, a interação, comprometimento e o desempenho exercido pelas pessoas dentro das estratégias da organização. Também foi possível observar o quanto essa área tem se organizado de forma sistematizada, dado ao fato dos resultados positivos apresentados desse setor. A metodologia dessa pesquisa foi de cunho qualitativo, com enfoque bibliográfico, com o objetivo geral de verificar a possibilidade do Balanced Scorecard proporcionar a avaliação do capital humano, verificando de forma qualitativa os resultados ao planejamento de Recursos Humanos no planejamento estratégico organizacional. Desse modo, foi possível concluir que para alcançar os objetivos organizacionais relacionados a aprendizado e crescimento, explanados no planejamento estratégico, é importante o engajamento das pessoas envolvidas no processo, capazes de assegurar o alcance de tais metas.
Socioeconomic events linked with artisan activity in Mexico: a proposal for historical-geographical periodization
Authors: Correa Miranda Olga , Propin Frejomil Enrique , Navarro Moreno Jesús Abraham
Published: July 2019

En México, las investigaciones desde una perspectiva histórico-geográfica que hacen referencia a la economía artesanal y que contribuyen a potenciar y valorar a las artesanías en todas sus dimensiones, son escasas. En este sentido, la presente investigación, conforma una plataforma cognoscitiva que busca evidenciar acontecimientos temporales y territoriales relevantes que dieron pauta a la actual configuración territorial de la actividad artesanal del país, referentes que ponen a la luz los nichos de oportunidad productiva y comercial para generar desarrollo económico y social en pro de los artesanos. En un primer momento, se exponen las posturas metodológicas, base para la reconstrucción espacio-temporal; posteriormente, se efectúa la caracterización de este tipo de economía, mediante el reconocimiento de etapas geo-históricas que evidencian cambios en la forma de producción y comercialización así como de la manera de conceptualizar lo que son los objetos artesanales, principales problemáticas del sector y tipos de apoyo brindados por el Estado.

In Mexico, the investigations from a historical-geographical perspective that make reference to the artisanal economy and that contribute to enhance and value crafts in all their dimensions, are scarce. In this sense, the present research forms a cognitive platform that seeks to highlight relevant temporal and territorial events that gave shape to the current territorial configuration of the artisanal activity of the country, references that bring to light the niches of productive and commercial opportunity to generate economic and social development in favor of artisans. At first, the methodological positions are exposed, the basis for the spatio - temporal reconstruction; Afterwards, the characterization of this type of economy is carried out, through the re cognition of stages that show changes in the way of production and commercialization as well as in the way of conceptualizing what artisan objects are, the main problems of the sector and types of support provided by the State.
Effect of watershed subdivision and estimation of climatic variables on hydrological simulation with the swat model in semi-arid mediterranean basins
Authors: Gomariz Castillo Francisco , Alonso Sarría Francisco
Published: July 2019

Los resultados de cualquier intento de modelización hidrológica dependen de la calidad y discretización de los datos de entrada. En este trabajo se evalúa cómo la utilización de diferentes capas de variables climáticas de entrada (precipitación y ETP) y diferentes esquemas de discretización de la cuenca influyen en los resultados de un modelo hidrológico bien conocido (SWAT). En concreto se prueban 4 conjuntos de variables de entrada y discretización. Los estadísticos utilizados para evaluar la exactitud obtenida con estos conjuntos son RMSE, PBIAS, NSE y r2. Los resultados muestran que el uso de mejores modelos para obtener series de ETP (Penman Monteith FAO o Hargreaves calibrado) mejora considerablemente la exactitud del modelo respecto a las series obtenidas con el modelo de Hargreaves sin calibrar (opción por defecto en SWAT). Sin embargo, no se aprecian diferencias entre los resultados obtenidos con Penman Monteith FAO y Hargreaves calibrado. Por otro lado, el uso de información climática distribuida mejora notablemente los resultados obtenidos con información agregada. Se observa también la necesidad de calibrar los parámetros de SWAT ya que los valores por defecto están optimizados para ambientes templados de EEUU.

The results of hydrological modelling depend on the quality and spatial resolution of the input data. This paper evaluates how the use of different estimations of climatic variables input layers (precipitation and ET P ) and different basin discretization schemes influence affect the results of a contrasted hydrological model (SWAT). Specifically, 4 se ts of input and discretization variables are tested. The statistics used to evaluate the accuracy obtained with these sets are RMSE, PBIAS, NSE and r 2 . The results show that the use of better models to obtain ET P series (Penman Monteith FAO or calibrated Hargreaves) considerably improves the accuracy of the model compared to the series obtained with the uncalibrated Hargreaves model (default option in SWAT). However, there is no difference between the results obtained with Penman Monteith FAO and calibrate d Hargreaves. On the other hand, the use of distributed climate information significantly improves the results obtained with aggregated information. There is also a need to calibrate SWAT parameters as the default values are optimized for temperate environ ments in the USA.
Native forests' destruction and illegal logging: the Argentinean case during the 1998-2016 period
Authors: Gómez Lende Sebastián
Published: July 2019

La destrucción del bosque nativo es una importante problemática ambiental que se ha acelerado recientemente, no sólo a nivel mundial sino también en Argentina, un país donde ha asumido rasgos particularmente graves e inquietantes. Este trabajo caracteriza la expansión de la deforestación de los bosques nativos en Argentina a lo largo del período 1998-2016 y analiza el avance de los desmontes ilegales entre la aprobación de la Ley de Bosques y la actualidad a escala provincial y departamental, basándose para ello en series estadísticas históricas oficiales. Los resultados muestran que durante el período analizado se perdieron casi 7 millones de hectáreas de bosques nativos en el país y que las tasas anuales de deforestación de varias provincias superaron holgadamente el promedio internacional. Además, debido a la ineficacia de la Ley de Bosques la deforestación clandestina se ha convertido en una problemática ampliamente generalizada en todo el país, sobre todo en Santiago del Estero, Salta, Chaco y Formosa.

Native forests’ destruction is an important environmental question that has recently accelerated not only at world scale but also in Argentina, a country where it has assumed particularly serious and disturbing features. On the basis of official, historical statistics, this paper characterizes the growth of deforestation in Argentina throughout the 1998-2016 period and studies the advance of illegal logging after the enforcement of the National Forests Law by analyzing both phenomena at the provincial and departmental scale. The findings show that almost 7 million hectares of native forests were destroyed during the analyzed period, while the annual rates of deforestation of several provinces largely exceeded the international average. In addition, due to the Nation Forests Law’s ineffectiveness, clandestine deforestation has become a widespread matter throughout the whole country, especially in provinces such as Santiago del Estero, Salta, Chaco, and Formosa.
The Archaeology and Ethnohistory of Walrus Ritual around Bering Strait
Authors: Hill Erica
Published: July 2019

Nineteenth-century ethnohistoric sources describe rituals and beliefs related to the exploitation of walrus (Odobenus rosmarus) on the islands of the Bering Sea and the coast of Chukotka. These small-scale rites practiced by St. Lawrence Islanders, Siberian Yupiget, and Chukchi were intended to thank walrus and ensure future hunting success. Rituals conducted by walrus boat captains also facilitated integration of walrus hunting crews and their families. Archaeological evidence for the antiquity of walrus-related ritual is provided by concentrations of walrus skulls in structures and deposition of walrus bones in cemeteries. The centrality of walrus to subsistence, material culture, and ritual life of coastal peoples deserves more scholarly attention in both archaeological and historical reconstructions of Yupik and Chukchi multispecies pasts.
Dynamiques culturelles et représentations sociales du chien dans la communauté inuit de Kuujjuaq (Nunavik)
Authors: Brunet Patricia , Lévesque Francis
Published: July 2019

Cet article présente les faits saillants d’une recherche de terrain effectuée à Kuujjuaq (Nunavik) en septembre 2016. Son principal objectif est de dresser un portrait général de la place du chien dans cette communauté, tant auprès des Inuit que des non-Inuit. Si la place du chien dans la culture inuit traditionnelle est bien connue et documentée, celle que le chien d’aujourd’hui occupe depuis que les Inuit se sont sédentarisés, qu’ils utilisent la motoneige et qu’ils partagent leur milieu de vie avec des non-Inuit demeure mal comprise. En questionnant la place culturelle et sociale du chien dans une communauté où les populations Inuit et non-Inuit cohabitent, cette recherche tente de faire ressortir les différentes dynamiques reliées aux chiens et vise à acquérir une meilleure compréhension de ce que sont les chiens pour les habitants de Kuujjuaq actuellement. Cet article conclut que les ressources destinées aux chiens et à leur gestion sont limitées et toujours axées sur une perspective de santé et de sécurité humaines, et que les chiens de la communauté occupent une place oscillant entre appréciation et répulsion qui se définit selon le contexte dans lequel on les retrouve et les fonctions qu’ils occupent.
Transgenerational inheritance of ethanol preference is caused by maternal NPF repression
Authors: Bozler Julianna , Kacsoh Balint Z , Bosco Giovanni
Published: July 2019

Rapid or even anticipatory adaptation to environmental conditions can provide a decisive fitness advantage to an organism. The memory of recurring conditions could also benefit future generations; however, neuronally-encoded behavior isn’t thought to be inherited across generations. We tested the possibility that environmentally triggered modifications could allow ‘memory’ of parental experiences to be inherited. In Drosophila melanogaster, exposure to predatory wasps leads to inheritance of a predisposition for ethanol-rich food for five generations. Inhibition of Neuropeptide-F (NPF) activates germline caspases required for transgenerational ethanol preference. Further, inheritance of low NPF expression in specific regions of F1 brains is required for the transmission of this food preference: a maternally derived NPF locus is necessary for this phenomenon, implicating a maternal epigenetic mechanism of NPF-repression. Given the conserved signaling functions of NPF and its mammalian NPY homolog in drug and alcohol disorders, these observations raise the intriguing possibility of NPY-related transgenerational effects in humans.
Response to comment on 'Naked mole-rat mortality rates defy Gompertzian laws by not increasing with age'
Authors: Ruby J Graham , Smith Megan , Buffenstein Rochelle
Published: July 2019

For most adult mammals, the risk of death increases exponentially with age, an observation originally described for humans by Benjamin Gompertz. We recently performed a Kaplan–Meier survival analysis of naked mole-rats (Heterocephalus glaber) and concluded that their risk of death remains constant as they grow older (Ruby et al., 2018). Dammann et al. suggest incomplete historical records potentially confounded our demographic analysis (Dammann et al., 2019). In response, we applied the left-censorship technique of Kaplan and Meier to exclude all data from the historical era in which they speculate the records to be confounded. Our new analysis produced indistinguishable results from what we had previously published, and thus strongly reinforced our original conclusions.
Exploring regulatory networks in plants: transcription factors of starch metabolism
Authors: López-González Cristal , Juárez-Colunga Sheila , Morales-Elías Norma Cecilia , Tiessen Axel
Published: July 2019

Biological networks are complex (non-linear), redundant (cyclic) and compartmentalized at the subcellular level. Rational manipulation of plant metabolism may have failed due to inherent difficulties of a comprehensive understanding of regulatory loops. We first need to identify key factors controlling the regulatory loops of primary metabolism. The paradigms of plant networks are revised in order to highlight the differences between metabolic and transcriptional networks. Comparison between animal and plant transcription factors (TFs) reveal some important differences. Plant transcriptional networks function at a lower hierarchy compared to animal regulatory networks. Plant genomes contain more TFs than animal genomes, but plant proteins are smaller and have less domains as animal proteins which are often multifunctional. We briefly summarize mutant analysis and co-expression results pinpointing some TFs regulating starch enzymes in plants. Detailed information is provided about biochemical reactions, TFs and cis regulatory motifs involved in sucrose-starch metabolism, in both source and sink tissues. Examples about coordinated responses to hormones and environmental cues in different tissues and species are listed. Further advancements require combined data from single-cell transcriptomic and metabolomic approaches. Cell fractionation and subcellular inspection may provide valuable insights. We propose that shuffling of promoter elements might be a promising strategy to improve in the near future starch content, crop yield or food quality.
Comparison of olive leaf, olive oil, palm oil, and omega-3 oil in acute kidney injury induced by sepsis in rats
Authors: Ramos Maria Fátima de Paula , Oliveira Olvania Basso , de Barros Alceni do Carmo Morais Monteiro , Razvickas Clara Versolato , Pessoa Edson de Andrade , da Silva Rinaldo Florêncio , Pereira Ana Maria Soares , Convento Marcia Bastos , Borges Fernanda Teixeira , Schor Nestor
Published: July 2019

Background

Hypotension, increased production of reactive oxygen species, and inflammation are all observed in experimental models of sepsis induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an ethanolic extract of Brazilian olive leaf (Ex), Brazilian olive oil (Olv), Ex + Olv (ExOlv), and palm oil (Pal) in comparison to the effects of omega-3 fish oil (Omg) in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute kidney injury.

Materials

Wistar rats were divided into seven groups (seven per group), which were either untreated (control) or treated with LPS, LPS + Ex, LPS + ExOlv, LPS + Olv, LPS + Omg, or LPS + Pal.

Results

Lower values of creatinine clearance and blood pressure were observed in the LPS-treated group, and these values were not affected by Ex, Olv, ExOlv, Pal, or Omg treatment. Mortality rates were significantly lower in rats exposed to LPS when they were also treated with Ex, ExOlv, Olv, Pal, or Omg. These treatments also decreased oxidative stress and inflammation (Tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 beta) and increased interleukin-10 levels and cell proliferation, which were associated with decreased apoptosis in kidney tissue.

Conclusion

Ex and Pal treatments were beneficial in septic rats, since they increased survival rate and did not aggravate inflammation. However, the most effective treatments for septic rats were Olv in comparison to Omg. These natural food substances could enable the development of effective therapeutic interventions to sepsis.
Photosynthetic and Production of Urochloa ruziziensis Inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense under Drought
Authors: Bulegon Lucas Guilherme , Guimarães Vandeir Francisco , Júnior Roberto Cecatto , Battistus Andre Gustavo , Inagaki Adriano Mitio , Suss Anderson Daniel
Published: July 2019

Aims: The objective of this study was to evaluate the photosynthetic activity and production of Urochloa ruziziensis when inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense in the presence and absence of drought.

Study Design:  Randomized block design and factorial 2x2.

Methodology: The first factor was the presence or absence of seed inoculation with A. brasilense strains AbV5 + AbV6; the second factor was the presence or absence of drought. The variables evaluated were: relative water content (RWC), soil gravimetric moisture, net assimilation rate of CO2, response in function of active photon flux density, apparent quantum efficiency, light compensation point, absolute integrity of membrane, damage to membranes, dry mass aborted leaves, and total dry mass of aerial part.

Results: Results demonstrate that plants maintained in drought presented a reduction in all evaluated variables. Under conditions of drought the use of A. brasilense promoted smaller variations in RWC, net assimilation rate of CO2, apparent quantum efficiency, light compensation point, absolute integrity of membrane, and damage to membranes; no variations were observed for dry mass, aborted leaves or total dry mass of aerial part.

Conclusion: The inoculation of U. ruziziensis seeds with A. brasilense mitigates drought damage in plant physiology, but it does not mitigate leaf losses or plant productivity.
Controlling Chiral Spin States of a Triangular‐Lattice Magnet by Cooling in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Deng Sihao , Fischer Gerda , Uhlarz Marc , Wosnitza Joachim , Bohnen Klaus‐Peter , Heid Rolf , Wang Cong , Sürgers Christoph
Published: July 2019

Magnetic materials with a non‐collinear and non‐coplanar arrangement of magnetic moments hosting a nonzero scalar spin‐chirality exhibit unique magnetic and spin‐dependent electronic transport properties. The spin chirality often occurs in materials where competing exchange interactions lead to geometrical frustrations between magnetic moments and to a strong coupling between the crystal lattice and the magnetic structure. These characteristics are particularly strong in Mn‐based antiperovskites where the interactions and chirality can be tuned by substitutional modifications of the crystalline lattice. This study presents evidence for the formation of two unequal chiral spin states in magnetically ordered Mn3.338Ni0.651N antiperovskite based on density functional theory calculations and supported by magnetization measurements after cooling in a magnetic field. The existence of two scalar spin‐chiralities of opposite sign and different magnitude is demonstrated by a vertical shift of the magnetic‐field dependent magnetization and Hall effect at low fields and from an asymmetrical magnetoresistivity when the applied magnetic field is oriented parallel or antiparallel to the direction of the cooling field. This opens up the possibility of manipulating the spin chirality for potential use in the emerging field of chiral spintronics.
The Wetting State of Water on a Rose Petal
Authors: Chakraborty Monojit , Weibel Justin A. , Schaber James A. , Garimella Suresh V.
Published: July 2019

The rose petal features surface structures that offer unique wetting properties. A water droplet placed on a rose petal forms a high contact angle but exhibits significant contact angle hysteresis, such that relatively large droplets remain stuck to the surface when it is tilted. Understanding this distinctive “parahydrophobic” wetting behavior can provide insight into the design of highly nonwetting, yet highly adhesive, synthetic surfaces. Surface features of the rose petal are characterized via focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy, which reveals microscale papillae that are partially covered with nanoscale striae. The wetting state of water on a rose petal is directly visualized using confocal microscopy. This experimental evidence confirms the microscale wetting behavior on the papillae, but cannot resolve the wetting behavior on the nanoscale striae. To infer the wetting state on the striae, an energy minimization–based model is developed and the results from the model are compared to the experimental evidence. In combination, the experimental findings and the model results reveal the wetting state of water on the hierarchical surface structure and explain the macroscopic wetting behavior of the rose petal.
A Highly Practical Copper(II)/TEMPO‐SO4H Catalyst System for Aerobic Oxidations of Primary Benzylic and Allylic Alcohols on Gram‐Scale in Water
Authors: Chen Tianyou , Wang Zihao , Xiao Juncong , Cao Zheng , Yi Changfeng , Xu Zushun
Published: July 2019

We report a highly practical copper(II)/TEMPO‐SO4H catalyst system for aerobic oxidations of primary benzylic and allylic alcohols. A higher activity was achieved when TEMPO‐SO4H, an economically feasible 2,2,6,6‐tetramethylpiperidinyl‐1‐oxyl (TEMPO) derivative containing a sulfonic acid group, was used to replace TEMPO. The use of such CuII/TEMPO‐SO4H catalysts can significantly simplify the removal of catalysts and dramatically reduce the amount of organic solvents used. The aerobic oxidation of primary benzylic and allylic alcohols was conducted in water on gram scale using air as the oxidant, and in the absence of surfactant, leading to green catalysis.
How Mediation Field Trips With All Participants Can Open the Process and Improve Settlement Prospects
Authors: Creo Robert A.
Published: July 2019

In May, Master Mediator columnist Bob Creo explored meeting with the disputants off‐site, without counsel being present. This column explores the benefits of site visits or conducting portions of the mediation at the location that is the subject of the session. Master Mediator Jeff Kichaven, who heads his own Los Angeles firm (see JeffKichaven.com) and is a longtime Alternatives Editorial Board member, shares two stories where the site visit was productive in unexpected ways.
Syntheses of Energetic cyclo‐Pentazolate Salts
Authors: Tian Lili , Xu Yuangang , Lin Qiuhan , Wang Pengcheng , Lu Ming
Published: July 2019

Three energetic salts of cyclo‐N5− were synthesized via a metathesis reaction of barium pentazolate and sulfates which was driven by the precipitation of BaSO4. All the energetic cyclo‐N5− salts were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, infrared (IR), 1H and 13C multinuclear NMR spectroscopies, thermal analysis (TGA and DSC), and elemental analysis. The salts exhibit relatively good detonation performance with low sensitivities and good thermal stabilities. This new method opens the door to exploring more pentazolate anion‐containing high‐performance energetic materials.
Investigation of Fe−Ni Mixed‐Oxide Catalysts for the Reduction of NO by CO: Physicochemical Properties and Catalytic Performance
Authors: Du Xuexun , Yao Tian‐Liang , Wei Qinglian , Zhang Hao , Huang Yongmin
Published: July 2019

A series of Fe−Ni mixed‐oxide catalysts were synthesized by using the sol–gel method for the reduction of NO by CO. These Fe−Ni mixed‐oxide catalysts exhibited tremendously enhanced catalytic performance compared to monometallic catalysts that were prepared by using the same method. The effects of Fe/Ni molar ratio and calcination temperature on the catalytic activity were examined and the physicochemical properties of the catalysts were characterized by using XRD, Raman spectroscopy, N2‐adsorption/‐desorption isotherms, temperature‐programmed reduction with hydrogen (H2‐TPR), temperature‐programmed desorption of nitric oxide (NO‐TPD), and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The results indicated that the reduction behavior, surface oxygen species, and surface chemical valence states of iron and nickel in the catalysts were the key factors in the NO elimination. Fe0.5Ni0.5Ox that was calcined at 250 °C exhibited excellent catalytic activity of 100 % NO conversion at 130 °C and a lifetime of more than 40 hours. A plausible mechanism for the reduction of NO by CO over the Fe−Ni mixed‐oxide catalysts is proposed, based on XPS and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) analyses.
Transcatheter aortic valve deployment influences neo‐sinus thrombosis risk: An in vitro flow study
Authors: Madukauwa‐David Immanuel David , Sadri Vahid , Kamioka Norihiko , Midha Prem A. , Raghav Vrishank , Oshinski John N. , Sharma Rahul , Babaliaros Vasilis , Yoganathan Ajit P.
Published: July 2019

Objectives

We investigated the impact of (transcatheter heart valve) THV expansion at the level of the native annulus and implant depth on valve performance and neo‐sinus flow stasis.

Background

Flow stasis in the neo‐sinus is one of the identified risk factors of THV thrombosis.

Methods

A 29 mm CoreValve and 26 mm SAPIEN 3 were deployed under different expansions (CoreValve, SAPIEN 3) and implant depths (CoreValve) within a patient‐derived aortic root in a pulse duplicator. Fluorescent dye was injected during diastole into the neo‐sinus and imaged over 20 cardiac cycles. Washout times were computed as a measure of flow stasis for each deployment.

Results

The 10% CoreValve under‐expansion improved neo‐sinus washout over full expansion by 8% (p < .001), and higher CoreValve implant depth improved neo‐sinus washout (p < .001). The 10% SAPIEN 3 under‐expansion improved neo‐sinus washout by 23% (p < .001). Under‐expansion of both valve types caused higher pressure gradients and smaller effective orifice areas than full expansion.

Conclusions

Neo‐sinus flow stasis is influenced by THV expansion and implant depth (CoreValve). The 10% valve under‐deployment (oversizing) may facilitate reduced flow stasis in the neo‐sinus with minimal increase in pressure gradients. This strategy may be helpful for patient anatomies, which are in‐between transcatheter valve sizes.
First‐line atezolizumab in addition to bevacizumab plus chemotherapy for metastatic, nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer: A United States–based cost‐effectiveness analysis
Authors: Wan XiaoMin , Luo Xia , Tan ChongQing , Zeng XiaoHui , Zhang YuCong , Peng LiuBao
Published: July 2019

Background

The IMpower150 trial found that adding atezolizumab to the combination of bevacizumab and chemotherapy improved survival for patients with metastatic, nonsquamous non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, considering the high cost of immunotherapy, there is a need to assess its value by considering both efficacy and cost. The current study evaluated the cost‐effectiveness of atezolizumab in the first‐line setting for the treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC from the US payer perspective.

Methods

A Markov model was developed to compare the lifetime cost and effectiveness of the combination of atezolizumab, bevacizumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel (ABCP) with the combination of bevacizumab, carboplatin, and paclitaxel (BCP) and carboplatin and paclitaxel (CP) in the first‐line treatment of patients with metastatic NSCLC. Life‐years (LYs), quality‐adjusted LYs (QALYs), and lifetime costs were estimated. One‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the model uncertainty. Additional subgroup analyses were performed.

Results

ABCP provided an additional 0.413 QALYs (0.460 LYs) and 0.738 QALYs (0.956 LYs), respectively, compared with BCP and CP. The corresponding incremental costs were $234,998 and $381,116, respectively. The incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio for ABCP was $568,967 per QALY compared with BCP and $516,114 per QALY compared with CP. The subgroup analysis demonstrated that PD‐L1 expression of ≥50% on tumor cells (TC3) or ≥10% on immune cells (IC3) decreased the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio to $464,703 per QALY.

Conclusions

From the perspective of the US payer, ABCP is estimated to not be cost‐effective compared with BCP or CP in the first‐line setting for patients with metastatic, nonsquamous NSCLC at a willingness‐to‐pay threshold of $100,000 per QALY.