bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidental findings on computed tomography coronary angiography and its impact on respiratory services in a United Kingdom district general hospital
Authors: Gurung Bikash , Lesser Finnian D. , James Ellis , Nandakumar Kabali
Published: August 2020

Background: Computed tomography coronary angiography is used to assess for coronary artery disease but can also pick up non-cardiac pathology. Previous studies have assessed the frequency of non-cardiac pathology. We investigated the non-cardiac findings and resulting follow up in a District General Hospital.

Methods: All computed tomography coronary angiography scans for 1 year were retrospectively collected. Basic demographics and the non-cardiac findings were recorded from electronic health records. The significant respiratory findings and the respiratory follow up of these non-cardiac findings were recorded.

Results: A total of 503 scans were carried out in one year. Of these scans, 24% had non cardiac findings present. Older patients were more likely to have non cardiac findings. The most common non cardiac findings were lung nodules, emphysema and hiatus hernias. Significant respiratory findings were present in 35 cases, which generated 24 episodes of respiratory follow up. Some patients who met criteria for follow up had not been referred.

Conclusions: Non cardiac findings are common on computed tomography coronary angiography and in our hospital these findings led to significant follow up in respiratory services.
Approximate Dynamic Programming for Military Medical Evacuation Dispatching Policies
Authors: Jenkins Phillip R. , Robbins Matthew J. , Lunday Brian J.
Published: August 2020

Military medical planners must consider how aerial medical evacuation (MEDEVAC) assets will be dispatched when preparing for and supporting high-intensity combat operations. The dispatching authority seeks to dispatch MEDEVAC assets to prioritized requests for service, such that battlefield casualties are effectively and efficiently transported to nearby medical-treatment facilities. We formulate and solve a discounted, infinite-horizon Markov decision process (MDP) model of the MEDEVAC dispatching problem. Because the high dimensionality and uncountable state space of our MDP model renders classical dynamic programming solution methods intractable, we instead apply approximate dynamic programming (ADP) solution methods to produce high-quality dispatching policies relative to the currently practiced closest-available dispatching policy. We develop, test, and compare two distinct ADP solution techniques, both of which utilize an approximate policy iteration (API) algorithmic framework. The first algorithm uses least-squares temporal differences (LSTD) learning for policy evaluation, whereas the second algorithm uses neural network (NN) learning. We construct a notional, yet representative planning scenario based on high-intensity combat operations in southern Azerbaijan to demonstrate the applicability of our MDP model and to compare the efficacies of our proposed ADP solution techniques. We generate 30 problem instances via a designed experiment to examine how selected problem features and algorithmic features affect the quality of solutions attained by our ADP policies. Results show that the respective policies determined by the NN-API and LSTD-API algorithms significantly outperform the closest-available benchmark policies in 27 (90%) and 24 (80%) of the problem instances examined. Moreover, the NN-API policies significantly outperform the LSTD-API policies in each of the problem instances examined. Compared with the closest-available policy for the baseline problem instance, the NN-API policy decreases the average response time of important urgent (i.e., life-threatening) requests by 39 minutes. These research models, methodologies, and results inform the implementation and modification of current and future MEDEVAC tactics, techniques, and procedures, as well as the design and purchase of future aerial MEDEVAC assets.
Persuading Customers to Buy Early: The Value of Personalized Information Provisioning
Authors: Drakopoulos Kimon , Jain Shobhit , Randhawa Ramandeep
Published: August 2020

We study a pricing and information provisioning game between a better-informed seller (such as a retailer) and its customers. The seller is (ex post) better informed about product availability and can choose how to communicate this information to the customers. The customers are heterogeneous in their valuation for the product. The firm optimizes on publicly posted prices (which are the same for all customers) and its information provisioning (which can be personalized). Using a Bayesian persuasion framework, we find that public information provisioning, in which the firm sends the same information to all customers, has limited value. However, personalized information provisioning, in which the firm can share different information with different customers, has significant value and has attributes very similar to personalized pricing.

This paper was accepted by Gabriel Weintraub, revenue management and market analytics.
Design and Build Reminder for Arduino Based Drug Schedule Consumption System
Authors: Prayogo Moch Faizal Deva , Aji Wahyu Sapto
Published: August 2020

The medication reminder system is designed to set the patient's daily drug consumption schedule. This system uses RTC DS1302 as a time saver and as an alarm, while the output is in the form of a buzzer and LED. Schedule of drug consumption can be arranged morning, afternoon, and evening according to patient needs. On the device there is a DVD motor drive that is used to extract the drug automatically. There is also a temperature sensor in the form of DHT11 to monitor the temperature of the device, so that the quality of the drug is maintained. The system was tested using 3 drug slots in it. The device is set using a keypad to make it easier for patients to manage medication consumption schedules. After being tested, the results of the alarm output sound in the form of a buzzer. and the output of a medicine container that uses a DVD motor automatically. After the device is tested, an alarm in accordance with what is set schedule indicates the tool is running in accordance with the destination.
Q&A: highlighting careers, nurse-led work and innovation in cardiovascular nursing
Authors: Shammas Kate
Published: August 2020

This month, we hear from Kate Shammas, a cardiac nurse at Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust.
Modeling and optimization of the integrated TDICCD aerial camera pointing error
Authors: Zhou Xiaoqin , Liu Hao , Liu Qiang , Lin Jieqiong
Published: August 2020

Aerial cameras are widely used in a number of fields. Various mechanical errors cannot be ignored with the improvement of imaging quality requirements. This paper introduces an integrated time delay integration charge coupled device (TDICCD) aerial camera. Compared with traditional aerial cameras, it can significantly improve shooting efficiency and imaging quality under similar load conditions. This paper first analyzes mechanical errors of the integrated TDICCD aerial camera and establishes a pointing error model based on ray tracing, then performs model parameter identification using a genetic algorithm, and completes error compensation. Finally, test results demonstrate that the compensation of the pointing error can effectively improve pointing accuracy of the optical axis. The mean of comprehensive errors was reduced by an order of magnitude, and the variance of comprehensive errors was reduced from

1.0075

(

m
m

)
2

to

0.0543

(

m
m

)
2

.
Embedded flexible and transparent double-layer nickel-mesh for high shielding efficiency
Authors: Jiang Zhouying , Zhao Shiqing , Huang Wenbin , Chen Linsen , Liu Yan-hua
Published: August 2020

An efficient approach to obtain high shielding effectiveness (SE) in transparent shielding in an optical window field is proposed and demonstrated by fabricating an embedded double-layer metallic mesh (DLMM) comprised of randomly structured Ni meshes on both sides of a flexible substrate, employing a facile and low-cost double-sided nanoimprinting method. The unique nonperiodic random structure contributes to uniform diffraction and eliminates the Moiré fringe generated by double-layer periodic meshes, ensuring high imaging quality for optical applications. The designed DLMM films simultaneously achieve strong shielding in the X-band and high transmittance in the visible spectrum, demonstrating a high transmittance of 88.7% at the 550-nm wavelength and a SE of 46.9 dB at a frequency of 8.2 GHz. An ultra-high SE of 80 dB is achieved at 64.2% transmittance, which reveals the highest reported SE over a metallic mesh for transparent shielding, indicating the high potential for this transparent electromagnetic interference shielding material for practical optical applications.
Strongly confined atomic localization by Rydberg coherent population trapping
Authors: Kirova Teodora , Jia Ning , Asadpour Seyyed Hossein , Qian Jing , Juzeliūnas Gediminas , Hamedi Hamid Reza
Published: August 2020

We investigate the possibility to attain strongly confined atomic localization using interacting Rydberg atoms in a coherent population trapping ladder configuration, where a standing-wave is used as a coupling field in the second leg of the ladder. Depending on the degree of compensation for the Rydberg level energy shift induced by the van der Waals interaction, by the coupling field detuning, we distinguish between two antiblockade regimes, i.e., a partial antiblockade (PA) and a full antiblockade. While a periodic pattern of tightly localized regions can be achieved for both regimes, the PA allows much faster convergence of spatial confinement, yielding a high-resolution Rydberg state-selective superlocalization regime for higher-lying Rydberg levels. In comparison, for lower-lying Rydberg levels, the PA leads to an anomalous change of spectra linewidth, confirming the importance of using a stable uppermost state to achieve a superlocalization regime.
Spectral broadening in chirped-pulse optical parametric oscillators based on KTiOAsO4
Authors: Heng Jiaxing , Liu Pei , Zhang Zhaowei
Published: August 2020

We report a chirped-pulse optical parametric oscillator (CPOPO) based on a

K
T
i
O
A
s
O

4

(KTA) crystal. Due to the relatively low ratio between its second-order and third-order nonlinear susceptibility, a single KTA crystal could provide parametric gain and intra-cavity spectral broadening simultaneously in a CPOPO. Numerical simulations show that a signal-bandwidth of 390 nm can be obtained from a KTA-based CPOPO, and the pulses can be de-chirped with a width of

∼

20

f
s

outside the OPO cavity. Experimentally, from a fiber-laser-pumped OPO with a 3-mm-long KTA crystal, we obtained a signal wave covering 1332–1667 nm, with a

−

20

d
B

bandwidth of 45.3 THz, around 12 times as much as the gain-bandwidth of the KTA crystal.
Expression and Role of E-Cadherin, β-Catenin, and Vimentin in Human Papillomavirus–Positive and Human Papillomavirus–Negative Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Mohamed Hesham , Haglund Caj , Jouhi Lauri , Atula Timo , Hagström Jaana , Mäkitie Antti
Published: August 2020

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) is subclassified by the World Health Organization into two different entities: human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative tumors. HPV infection promotes the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and transformation of keratinocyte stem cells into cancer stem cells. EMT is a crucial process in the carcinogenesis of epithelial-derived malignancies, and we aimed to study the role of its markers in OPSCC. This study consists of 202 consecutive OPSCC patients diagnosed and treated with curative intent. We examined E-cadherin, β-catenin, and vimentin expression using immunohistochemistry and compared these with tumor and patient characteristics and treatment outcome. We found that the cell-membranous expression of β-catenin was stronger in HPV-positive than in HPV-negative tumors, and it was stronger in the presence of regional metastasis. The stromal vimentin expression was stronger among HPV-positive tumors. A high E-cadherin expression was associated with tumor grade. No relationship between these markers and survival emerged. In conclusion, β-catenin and vimentin seem to play different roles in OPSCC: the former in the tumor tissue itself, and the latter in the tumor stroma. HPV infection may exploit the β-catenin and vimentin pathways in carcinogenic process. More, β-catenin may serve as a marker for the occurrence of regional metastasis:
The City Otherwise: The Deferred Emergency of Occupation in Inner-City Johannesburg
Authors: Wilhelm-Solomon Matthew
Published: August 2020

This article draws on ethnographic fieldwork conducted in Johannesburg between 2011 and 2019 in inner-city unlawful occupations and temporary emergency accommodation sites. These are often referred to as “hijacked buildings,” “bad buildings,” or “dark buildings.” However, they are also spaces of refuge, intimacy, and sociality for tens of thousands of South Africans and foreign nationals excluded from formal rental markets and often displaced by the drive for urban regeneration. This essay mobilizes two concepts to characterize these spaces. The first is the notion of the “city otherwise,” engaging Elizabeth Povinelli’s concept of “spaces of otherwise.” The residents of these occupations endure in spaces of emergence and potentiality. Furthermore, I argue that they exist in a juridical condition that I characterize as “the deferred emergency.” This condition entails the indefinite deferral of an emergency, framed around both the juridical and the infrastructural form of “temporary emergency accommodation” for the evicted.
Making Kin from Gold: Dowry, Gender, and Indian Labor Migration to the Gulf
Authors: Wright Andrea
Published: August 2020

Drawing on ethnographic research in the United Arab Emirates and India, this article explores relationships among Indian kinship, gender, and transnational migration through a focus on gold that migrant men buy for their sisters’ or daughters’ weddings. Gold, used as a key component of dowry, is often considered “traditional” in an Indian setting, but is actually shaped by liberalization, contemporary statecraft, and transnational migration. As migrants purchase gold for their sisters and daughters with money they earn in the Gulf, they express adult masculinity by being dutiful brothers and sons. This examination of Indian labor migration reveals how workers and their families understand migration as a way to build and maintain kinship ties, and how gold bought in the Gulf becomes a kinship substance that informs understandings of gender and family.

शोध-सार 

संयुक्त अरब अमीरात और भारत में किये हुए मानव-जाति संबंधी शोध के बिना पर यह शोध-पत्र भारतीय रिश्तेदारी, लिंग, और अंतरराष्ट्रीय प्रवास के संबंध का अध्ययन करता है, जिसका केंद्र वह सोना है जो प्रवासी पुरुष अपनी बहन-बेटियों के विवाह के लिए ख़रीदते हैं। सोना, जो कि दहेज का महत्वपूर्ण अंग है, अक्सर भारतीय समाज में एक “प्रथा” की तरह समझा जाता है। मगर इसका मतलब वास्तव में उदारीकरण, समकालीन शासनकाल, और अंतरराष्ट्रीय प्रवास से प्रभावित है। प्रवासी अपनी बहन-बेटियों के लिए खाड़ी देशों से कमाए पैसों से जब सोना ख़रीदते हैं तो वे कर्तव्य पालन करके अपना पुरुषत्व दिखाते हैं। भारतीय प्रवासी श्रमिकों का यह अध्ययन इस बात को दर्शाता है कि कामगार और उनके परिवारवाले इसे रिश्तेदारी बनाने और निभाने का एक तरीक़ा समझते हैं, और इस तरह खाड़ी का सोना एक रिश्तेदारी की वस्तु बन जाता है जो लिंग और परिवार के मतलब पर रोशनी डालता है।

خلاصہ

متحدہ عرب امارات اور ہندوستان کی انسیانیاتی تحقیق پر مبنی یہ تحقیقی مقالہ رشتہ داری ،  جنس، اور  بین الاقوامی  نقل مکانی  کے تعلق کا مطالعہ کرتا ہے جس کا مرکز  وہ  سونا  ہے جو   مہاجر مرد  اپنی  بہن بیٹیوں کی شادی  کے  لئے خریدتے ہیں۔  سونا  جو کہ  جہیز  کا  اہم حصہ ہے،  ا  کثر   ہندوستانی سماج میں  ایک  "رسم" کی طرح سمجھا جاتا ہے، لیکن  اس کو در اصل   لبرلائیز  یشن ،  ہم عصر  دور حکومت، اور  بین الاقوامی  نقل مکانی کے ذریعہ  شکل  ملی ہے۔  مہاجر  اپنی  بہن بیٹیوں کے لئے  خلیجی ممالک میں کمائے پیسوں سے  جب سونا خریدتے ہیں تو  وہ   فرض ادا  کر کے اپنی مردانگی دکھاتے ہیں۔ ہندوستانی مہاجر  محنت کشوں  پر   یہ  مطالعہ اس بات  کو  دکھاتا ہے کہ یہ  مزدور  اور  ان  کے  خاندان  اسے  ایک طرح  سے  رشتہ داری  بنانے ،  اسے  قائم  رکھنے کا ایک طریقہ سمجھتے ہیں،  اور  اس طرح کا  سونا  رشتہ داری کا ایک  سامان  بن جاتا ہے،  جو   جنس اور  خاندان کے مطلب پر  روشنی ڈالتا ہے۔
Jak badać akwizycję języka obcego w klasie, czyli o zadaniu w perspektywie badań ilościowych i jakościowych
Authors: Piotrowski Sebastian
Published: August 2020

In studies on second language acquisition in formal settings, techniques characteristic of both qualitative and quantitative research paradigms are applied. In the first part of the article, we present general reflection on the methodology of studies on second language acquisition, with a particular emphasis on the role of exploratory research in the analysis of the process of second language teaching/learning in formal settings. In the second part, we present the concept of task, stressing its usefulness as a basic unit of analysis of the corpus of linguistic data obtained in the classroom.
Dzienniczki uczących się jako narzędzie badawcze – próba oceny
Authors: Nerlicki Krzysztof
Published: August 2020

The present study focuses on the use of learner diaries as an empirical tool. We discuss the pros and cons of this approach. Diary studies are classified as methods in exploratory-interpretive research. Diaries can help investigate language learner behaviors, encourage student self-assessment and explore how the language learning processes progress. The most problematic methodological aspects are the following: data collection, limitations of learners’ reflections and limited generabilizity.
Jak określić potrzeby językowe pracowników w miejscu pracy
Authors: Sobkowiak Paweł
Published: August 2020

Globalization of business and use of English in corporations as lingua franca has resulted in growing demand for Business English courses in the workplace. This article tries to present a concise profile of an adult language learner in a broader context of adult education and the implications for the Business English classroom. The claim is made that if we want to provide tailormade courses for employees in companies a thorough analysis of their language needs should be carried out first. Explicitly discussed here are the types of adult learner needs in the business context and the methodology which may be employed in determining them.
Analiza wybranych projektów unijnych jako wyraz zaangażowania państw UE w rozwój narzędzi ITC i technologii językowych w nauczaniu języków obcych
Authors: Borowiak-Dostatnia Marta , Zięba Anna
Published: August 2020

The paper presents a sample of analysis of EU project with regard to ICT application in foreign language teaching and language technology. The analysis is based upon the authors’ observation that by exploring a number of at least 75 projects in terms of their participants, framework programs and scope, some general tendencies can be revealed. The tendencies concern EU research and member state engagement in the aforementioned fields. Having analyzed the data the authors define the nature of the studied projects (educational vs. scientific), point to the most active and beneficial member states and draw models of public and private units cooperation in European research consortiums. Additionally, the analysis presents the first step for further study with regard to particular ICT-tool usage in foreign language learning/teaching in a particular EU country.
Recenzja książki Mieczysława Gajosa pt. Podsystemy języka w praktyce glottodydak-tycznej. Fonetyka. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2010, str. 130.
Authors: Karpińska-Szaj Katarzyna
Published: August 2020

Recenzja książki Mieczysława Gajosa pt. Podsystemy języka w praktyce glottodydak-tycznej. Fonetyka. Łódź: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego, 2010, str. 130.
Słabo rozwinięta kompetencja leksykalna dorosłych – przyczyny, skutki i możliwości jej poprawy
Authors: Targońska Joanna
Published: August 2020

The present paper attempts to investigate causes of poor lexical compe-tence of prospective students of modern philology. The focus is placed on the techniques and cognitive strategies selected by such students in learning lexis.
Współczesne determinanty badań glottodydaktycz-nych. O perspektywach rozwoju glottogeragogiki
Authors: Jaroszewska Anna
Published: August 2020

Modern social and cultural transformations from the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century gave a strong impulse to fundamental reforms of European education systems. The same transfor-mations could not be unnoticed by the representatives of fields of knowl-edge for whom the present reality has become both a challenge and an op-portunity for development. These fields include language education and geragogics, being basically different but in some circumstances similar dis-ciplines. This view is more frequently confirmed by the involvement of these fields of study in the common area of research, namely foreign lan-guage learning and teaching of senior citizens. This area seems to be impor-tant in social terms and to have a great research potential. A proposal of cooperation between language education and geragogics under a new spe-cialised sub-discipline, i.e. senior language education is worth noting. This article is an attempt to determine arguments supporting the proposed the-sis. The course of discussion has been focused on the Polish background.
Język a kultura – rozwijanie świadomości interkulturowej u uczniów dorosłych: optymalne warunki dydaktyczne
Authors: Król Werona
Published: August 2020

Since language is an integral part of culture, we may say that language is its carrier. Consequently, in order to fully participate in the social life it is not enough to be a proficient language speaker. What we need is the knowledge of particular customs which, to certain extent, can be acquired during inter-cultural communication classes. Therefore, FL teachers should try to devel-op intercultural awareness in their students, so that they could avoid stress-ful situations and misunderstandings in communication. It is particularly important in the case of adult learners who have already developed routine models of behaviour expected in their motherland.
Wprowadzenie.
Authors: Pawlak Mirosław
Published: August 2020

Wprowadzenie. Dayskurs edukacyjny w klasie językowej
Opportunities for integrated photonic neural networks
Authors: Stark Pascal , Horst Folkert , Dangel Roger , Weiss Jonas , Offrein Bert Jan
Published: August 2020

Photonics offers exciting opportunities for neuromorphic computing. This paper specifically reviews the prospects of integrated optical solutions for accelerating inference and training of artificial neural networks. Calculating the synaptic function, thereof, is computationally very expensive and does not scale well on state-of-the-art computing platforms. Analog signal processing, using linear and nonlinear properties of integrated optical devices, offers a path toward substantially improving performance and power efficiency of these artificial intelligence workloads. The ability of integrated photonics to operate at very high speeds opens opportunities for time-critical real-time applications, while chip-level integration paves the way to cost-effective manufacturing and assembly.
Bound states in the continuum (BIC) accompanied by avoided crossings in leaky-mode photonic lattices
Authors: Lee Sun-Goo , Kim Seong-Han , Kee Chul-Sik
Published: August 2020

When two nonorthogonal resonances are coupled to the same radiation channel, avoided crossing arises and a bound state in the continuum (BIC) appears with appropriate conditions in parametric space. This paper presents numerical and analytical results on the properties of avoided crossing and BIC due to the coupled guided-mode resonances in one-dimensional (1D) leaky-mode photonic lattices with slab geometry. In symmetric photonic lattices with up-down mirror symmetry, Friedrich–Wintgen BICs with infinite lifetime are accompanied by avoided crossings due to the coupling between two guided modes with the same transverse parity. In asymmetric photonic lattices with broken up-down mirror symmetry, quasi-BICs with finite lifetime appear with avoided crossings because radiating waves from different modes cannot be completely eliminated. We also show that unidirectional-BICs are accompanied by avoided crossings due to guided-mode resonances with different transverse parities in asymmetric photonic lattices. The Q factor of a unidirectional-BIC is finite, but its radiation power in the upward or downward direction is significantly smaller than that in the opposite direction. Our results may be helpful in engineering BICs and avoided crossings in diverse photonic systems that support leaky modes.
On Preferred Saturation Methods for Geotechnical Flow Tests
Authors: Bouin Céline , Weber Simon , Ethier Yannic A. , Dubé Jean-Sébastien , Duhaime François
Published: August 2020

Laboratory flow tests performed on granular materials in rigid-wall permeameters are used to determine the hydraulic conductivity of saturated materials or to study particle migration. For such tests, specimen preparation is important, particularly the saturation process. The presence of gas bubbles in the tested specimen leads to smaller hydraulic conductivity values and may affect particle migration. Therefore, measures must be taken to obtain fully saturated specimens. In order to improve saturation, two elements have to be taken into consideration: first, the presence of gas in the permeant water; second, the presence of gas in the pores of the specimen. Several flow tests are described in ASTM standards. These standards involve different conditioning methods for permeant water (e.g., heating, seepage through a sand filter, cavitation under vacuum), and different specimen saturation methods (e.g., saturation with an upward flow under vacuum, following carbon dioxide flushing). In this article, water deaeration and specimen saturation methods were evaluated and compared using a mass-volume method. In the first phase, the importance of using deaerated permeant water was examined by comparing different conditioning methods for permeant water. Saturation using water in equilibrium with atmospheric pressure was compared with saturation with water heated at 40°C, water deaerated using a sand filter, and water deaerated by cavitation under vacuum. In the second phase, the influence of purging the gas contained in the soil specimen before saturation using carbon dioxide or a vacuum was compared. In both cases, the permeant water was deaerated by cavitation under vacuum. These tests showed that combining a purge of the specimen with carbon dioxide with saturation using an upward flow of water deaerated by cavitation under vacuum yielded the highest degree of saturation for granular specimens in a rigid-wall permeameter. Another advantage of this combination is that it accelerates specimen saturation.
Selective Removal of Sodium Salt Taste Disrupts the Maintenance of Dendritic Architecture of Gustatory Relay Neurons in the Mouse Nucleus of the Solitary Tract
Authors: Skyberg Rolf , Sun Chengsan , Hill David L.
Published: August 2020

Neuronal activity plays critical roles in the development of sensory circuits in the mammalian brain. Experimental procedures are now available to alter the function of specific taste transduction pathways and have been especially useful in studying how stimulus-specific taste activity influences the development of central gustatory circuits. We previously used a mouse knock-out (KO) model in which the transduction channel necessary for sodium taste is removed from taste bud cells throughout life. In these KO mice, the terminal fields that carry taste information from taste buds into the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST) fail to mature, suggesting that sodium-elicited taste activity is important for the proper development of central gustatory circuits. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the development and maintenance of the dendritic architecture of NST relay cells, the primary postsynaptic partner of gustatory nerve terminal fields, are similarly dependent on sodium-elicited taste activity. The dendritic fields of NST relay cells, from adult male and female mice in which the α-subunit of the epithelial sodium channel (αENaC) was conditionally deleted in taste bud cells throughout life, were up to 2.4× larger and more complex than that of age-matched control mice. Interestingly, these differences in dendritic architecture did not appear until after the age when terminal fields begin “pruning,” after postnatal day (P)20. Overall, our results suggest that ENaC-mediated sodium taste activity is necessary for the maintenance of dendritic fields of relay cells in the gustatory NST.
The Active Hope: Comments on John Keane, “Hopes for Civil Society,” Global Perspectives (2020)
Authors: Chaguaceda Armando
Published: August 2020

Few authors feature the rare quality of threading their academic prose with clarity, attractiveness, and sophistication. John Keane is one of those authors. The Australian intellectual has produced one of the most innovative works of recent decades in the field of applied political theory, which simultaneously exceeds the dreams of some essayists with philosophical pretensions and the aridity of the majority of writers on comparative politics.
Application of Box-Behnken Analysis on the Optimisation of Air Intake System for a Naturally Aspirated Engine
Authors: Mustafa N.S. , Ngadiman N.H.A. , Abas M.A. , Noordin M.Y.
Published: August 2020

Fuel price crisis has caused people to demand a car that is having a low fuel consumption without compromising the engine performance. Designing a naturally aspirated engine which can enhance engine performance and fuel efficiency requires optimisation processes on air intake system components. Hence, this study intends to carry out the optimisation process on the air intake system and airbox geometry. The parameters that have high influence on the design of an airbox geometry was determined by using AVL Boost software which simulated the automobile engine. The optimisation of the parameters was done by using Design Expert which adopted the Box-Behnken analysis technique. The result that was obtained from the study are optimised diameter of inlet/snorkel, volume of airbox, diameter of throttle body and length of intake runner are 81.07 mm, 1.04 L, 44.63 mm and 425 mm, respectively. By using these parameters values, the maximum engine performance and minimum fuel consumption are 93.3732 Nm and 21.3695×10-4 kg/s, respectively. This study has fully accomplished its aim to determine the significant parameters that influenced the performance of airbox and optimised the parameters so that a high engine performance and fuel efficiency can be produced. The success of this study can contribute to a better design of an airbox.
Tourism Industry Competitiveness of Semarang Municipality
Authors: Ikasari Hertiana , Farida Ida
Published: August 2020

This study aims to analyze competitiveness level of tourism industry in Semarang Municipality. The data used in this research are secondary data from Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS/BPS) and Culture and Tourism Office of Semarang Municipality. Moreover, this study uses an analytical tool, i.e competitiveness monitor (CM) method. The result shows that Semarang Municipality has several lower indicators of competitiveness calculation than Surakarta Municipality and Magelang Regency, i.e. Human Tourism Indicator (HTI), Environment Indicator (EI), and Human Resources Indicator (HRI). On the other hand, Semarang Municipality also has some higher competitiveness calculation indicators compared to that of Surakarta Municipality and Magelang Regency in Price Competitiveness Indicator (PCI), Infrastructure Development Indicator (IDI), Openness Indicator (OI) and Social Development Indicator (SDI). The improvement of tourism competitiveness in Semarang Municipality requires synergy from many parties, including the government, business actors in tourism sector (hotel owners, travel bureaus), private sector and academics.
Does Migration Outflow Reduce Income Inequality in the Sending Province?
Authors: Istiqomah Istiqomah , Purnomo Sodik Dwi , Rahmawati Gita Putri , Rahmawan Putra Galih
Published: August 2020

Previous studies on the association between migration outflow and income inequality have shown mixed findings. Some find that migration outflow reduces income inequality, but others find that migration outflow increases income inequality. This study aims to analyze the effect of migration outflow on income inequality in Central Java Province with two control variables: mean years  of schooling and minimum wage. Central Java was chosen as the research location because it is the province with the highest migration outflow. This study  uses secondary, time series data for the period 2000-2018 consisting of income inequality as measured by the Gini ratio (percent), migration outflow (people), meanyears of schooling (years), and minimum wage (rupiah). Data were obtained from BPS Central Java and analyzed with multiple linear regression. The results show that migration outflow and mean years of schooling have a negative significant effect and minimum wage has a positive significant effect on income inequality. This findings imply that migration outflow and improvement of the quality of human resources through education can be solutions to reduce poverty and income inequality, while minimum wage actually increases inequality, which may be due to the large portion of population engaging in agriculture and the informal sector.
Independent Community Building Model through Environmental-based Tourism Management in “Masdarling” Program
Authors: Gunawan Yuli , Eko Bambang , Yudistyana Reta , Putri Dwi Thia
Published: August 2020

Village tourism program is one of programs that can boost positive contributions to community development. This study aimed to design an independent community building model through environmental-based tourism management. Using primary and secondary data, the researchers used qualitative descriptive analysis to obtain a model of independent community building through environmental-based tourism management by forming a group named environmental awareness community group or Masdarling. In this way, regional potential can be used maximally, while masdarling tourism development was done using Community Based Tourism (CBT). A participative community empowerment became the main instrument to increase environmental living standard and preservation. Based on the mapping of problem patterns, the crucial programs to develop covered tourism awareness community, joint business group and integrated waste management efforts. It was expected that the development of tourism village through several kinds of village groups could explore various and sustainable tourism concepts. As a result, this development could fulfill the criteria of access, attraction, amenities. Upon this achievement, new tourism spots in Bontang City and the increase in community income can be obtained. Also, village economy and environment quality were resulted through the indirect effects of this development.
MECHANISMS IN ENDOCRINOLOGY: Update on treatments for patients with genetic obesity
Authors: Poitou C , Mosbah H , Clément K
Published: August 2020

Obesity, defined by an excess of body fat impacting on health, is a complex disease resulting from the interaction between many genetic/epigenetic factors and environmental triggers. For some clinical situations with severe obesity, it has been possible to classify these obesity forms according to the molecular alterations. These include: (i) syndromic obesity, which associates severe early-onset obesity with neurodevelopmental disorders and/or polymalformative syndrome and (ii) non-syndromic monogenic obesity, due to gene variants most often located in the leptin-melanocortin pathway. In addition to severe obesity, patients affected by these diseases display complex somatic conditions, eventually including obesity comorbidities, neuropsychological and psychiatric disorders. These conditions render the clinical management of these patients particularly challenging. Patients’ early diagnosis is critical to allow specialized and multidisciplinary care, with a necessary interaction between the health and social sectors. Up to now, the management of genetic obesity was only based, above all, on controlling the patient's environment, which involves limiting access to food, ensuring a reassuring daily eating environment that limits impulsiveness, and the practice of adapted, supported, and supervised physical activity. Bariatric surgery has also been undertaken in genetic obesity cases with uncertain outcomes. The context is rapidly changing, as new innovative therapies are currently being tested both for syndromic and monogenic forms of obesity. This review focuses on care management and new therapeutic opportunities in genetic obesity, including the use of the melanocortin 4 agonist, setmelanotide. The results from ongoing trials will hopefully pave the way to a future precision medicine approach for genetic obesity.
Sucessão intergeracional e inovação em empresas familiares: revisão de literatura
Authors: Hillen Cristina , Facin Lavarda Carlos Eduardo
Published: August 2020

Entre as características que diferenciam as empresas familiares das não familiares, está a sucessão, o que indica uma necessidade maior de inovação em função da continuidade  dos ne- gócios da família. O objetivo deste estudo foi mapear a produção científica em relação à inovação e sucessão intergeracional  em empresa familiar. Por meio da revisão de literatura  nos bancos de dados Scopus, Science Direct  e Web of Science, foram  selecionados quatro  artigos,  revisados por pares, relacionados  com a temática,  a partir  dos termos “innovat*”, “succession”, “family”  nos cam- pos “título”,  “resumo” e “palavras-chave” dos referidos bancos de dados. A busca compreendeu a produção científica publicada em periódicos científicos até fevereiro de 2018. Foram considerados artigos científicos na língua inglesa. Como resultado, percebeu-se a falta de uma visão abrangente  na literatura  científica sobre o tema “sucessão e inovação em empresa familiar”. A principal conclu- são do estudo é a de que o processo de sucessão está associado positiva ou negativamente com a inovação em função de fatores contextuais e do envolvimento familiar. Com base na triangulação  dos estudos selecionados, apresentam-se sugestões para as futuras  pesquisas que considerem a sucessão e a inovação no contexto de empresas familiares.
El perfil de gestión del directivo docente de Antioquia y los enfoques de gestión administrativa
Authors: Soto Builes Norely , Morillo Puente Solbey , Calderón-Hernández Gregorio , Betancur Héctor Darío
Published: August 2020

El artículo presenta los resultados de una investigación cuyo objetivo fue analizar la relación entre el enfoque de gestión y las características personales y profesionales del directi­vo docente de las instituciones educativas de los 117 municipios no certificados de Antioquia, considerando las cuatro dimensiones de gestión educativa (directiva, administrativa, académica y de comunidad) en tres formas de gestión denominadas funcionalista, estructuralista y crítica. La investigación fue cuantitativa descriptiva e inferencial, realizada en 242 directivos docentes de instituciones educativas, seleccionados mediante muestreo aleatorio estratificado y encuestados a través de cuestionarios autoadministrados. Los resultados revelan que muchas de las prácticas de los directivos docentes en cada una de las dimensiones de la gestión todavía son de carácter funcional y estructural, pero se puede afirmar que los directivos docentes en sus instituciones han venido dando un giro hacia la denominada gestión crítica. Por último, los resultados demuestran una tendencia estadísticamente significativa de los directivos docentes que tienen estudios de posgrado y más de diez años de experiencia a ubicarse en la gestión directiva crítica. De igual manera, quienes tienen menos experien­cia tienden a una gestión de comunidad funcionalista y, a mayor experiencia, mayor prevalencia de gestión crítica en esta dimensión.
Birinci basamakta yaşlılarda çoklu ilaç kullanımı: Bir kırsal alan örneği
Authors: Gümüştakım Raziye Şule , Başer Duygu Ayhan
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Birinci basamakta çoklu ilaç kullanımı (polifarmasi) ve uygunsuz ilaç kullanımı riskinin yüksek olduğu; ve bu durumun, çoğunlukla yaşlı hastalarda görüldüğü söylenebilir. Bu çalışmadaki amacımız da, birinci basamakta yaşlılarda çoklu ilaç kullanımının incelenmesi ve çalışma sonucuna göre alınması gereken önlenmelerin belirlenmesidir.Yöntem: Araştırma kesitsel tanımlayıcı tipte olup, araştırma evreni 15.11.2013-15.02.2014 tarihleri arasında Karaman Sarıveliler İlçe Entegre Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Polikliniği’ne herhangi bir nedenle başvuran 65 yaş ve üzeri hastaları kapsamaktadır. Araştırma grubuna, polikliniğe reçete yazdırma ya da herhangi bir hastalık yakınması ile başvuran, sözlü onamları alınan ve çalışmaya katılmayı kabul eden 65 yaş ve üstü 310 hasta alınmış; ancak anket formunda bilgileri eksik kalan 10 hasta çalışma dışı bırakılmıştır.Bulgular: Çalışmamıza 169 kadın (%56,3) ve 131 erkek (%43,7) olmak üzere toplamda 300 hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 73,05±6,20’dir. Hastaların %58,3’ü (n=174) dört ve üzeri ilaç kullanmaktadır. En fazla kullanılan ilaç grubu %72,7’lik (n=218) bir oran ile kardiyovasküler sistem ilaçlarıdır. Sosyodemografik özelliklerle ilaç sayıları karşılaştırılmış olup arada sadece cinsiyetle anlamlı fark bulunabilmiştir (p=0,040). Kadınların erkeklere nazaran daha fazla ilaç kullandığı gözlenmiştir.Sonuç: Birincil bakımdan sorumlu aile hekimlerinin hastalarını değerlendirirken çoklu ilaç kullanımı ve özellikle etkileşime girebilecek ilaçlar konusunda dikkatli olması gerekmektedir.
Hangi hipertansiyon kılavuzu, hangi eşik değerler? Hipertansiyonda yeni eşik değerler
Authors: Doğaner Yusuf Çetin , Aydoğan Ümit
Published: August 2020

2017 Kasım ayında Amerikan Kardiyoloji Derneği/Amerika Kalp Birliği (ACC/AHA) tarafından yayımlanan yeni kılavuza göre hipertansiyon (HT) eşik değerleri aşağı çekilmiştir. Önceden 140/90mmHg üstü hipertansiyon olarak adlandırılırken; yeni kılavuzla 130- 139 mmHg sistolik veya 80-89 mmHg diyastolik değerleri Evre 1 HT olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Prehipertansiyon olarak bilinen kan basıncı (KB) değerlerinin, Evre 1 olarak sınıflandırılması kardiyovasküler olay gelişimini önlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. KB değerini belirlemede birden çok ölçümün ortalamasının alınmasına, ofis dışı KB ölçüm değerlerinin önemine vurgu yapılmıştır. Tedavinin altta yatan kardiyovasküler risk durumuna göre şekillendirilmesi ve yaşam tarzı değişikleri ile kombine edilmesi gerektiği belirtilmiştir. Yeni kılavuzun önerilerine rağmen, bazı klinisyenlerin yeni sınıflamayı kullanmada günlük pratik açısından çekinceleri bulunmaktadır. Bunlar arasında; KB değerlerinin daha aşağı değerlere çekilmesi için artacak ilaç maliyetleri, tedavi uyum sorunları, özellikle yaşlı hastalarda yaşanabilecek komplikasyonlar ve anksiyete artışı sayılabilir. Yayımlanan çok sayıda HT kılavuzuna rağmen, tedavi yönetiminde ana belirleyicinin aile hekimliğinin en önemli özelliklerinden hasta merkezli bütüncül yaklaşım olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.
Erken evre demans hastalarına ve yakınlarına yaklaşım
Authors: Dişçigil Güzel , Ayan F.Sıla
Published: August 2020

Bu çalışmada birinci basamak sağlık hizmetleri açısından önemi giderek artan demans hastalığının erken evresinde, hasta ve yakınlarına yaklaşım ve yaşamlarını kolaylaştıracak pratik önerilerin derlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Hastalık nedeniyle değişen günlük yaşamın yeniden düzenlenmesinden, davranış değişikliklerinden kaynaklanan sorunlarla başa çıkma yöntemlerinden ve yalnız yaşam için önerilerden söz edilmektedir. Hasta yakınlarını, hastanın olabildiğince uzun süre bağımsızlığı ve hastanın otonomisini destekleyecekleri şekilde yönlendirmek, kendileri ve hastaları adına risklerin farkında olarak bu riskleri yönetmek için cesaretlendirmek gerekmektedir. Bu anlamda bilgi birikiminin, farklı ihtiyaçlara yönelik hizmet konseptlerinin etkin bir şekilde kullanımının bu hastalık sürecinde yaşam kalitesini ve doyumunu olumlu yönde etkilemesi beklenmektedir.
Aile Hekimliği Uzmanlık Eğitiminde ‘Eğitim Aile Sağlığı Merkezleri’ Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Deneyimi
Authors: Egici Mehmet Taşkın , Gökseven Yağmur , Öztürk Güzin Zeren , Esen Elif Serap , Toprak Dilek
Published: August 2020

Aile hekimliği uzmanlık eğitimi Türkiye’de 1984 yılında başlamıştır. 2010 yılına kadar aile hekimliği uzmanlık öğrencilerinin 3 yıllık eğitim sürecinin tamamı klinik rotasyonlardan oluşmaktayken; 2010 yılından bu yana belirtilen amaçları uygulayabilmek ve yeterlilikleri kazanabilmek için, 18 ay klinik rotasyon, 18 ay ise saha eğitimi olacak şekilde düzenleme yapılmıştır. Saha eğitiminin ihtiyacını karşılamak üzere Sağlık Bakanlığı tarafından 2014 yılında ‘Eğitim Aile Sağlığı Merkezleri’’ (E-ASM) kurulmasıyla ilgili mevzuat çıkarılmıştır. Aile hekimliği uzmanlığı saha eğitiminde önemli bir boşluğu doldurması beklenen E-ASM’lerin eğitim hizmetinin yanında diğer aile sağlığı merkezlerinin verdiği hizmetleri vermesi de beklenmektedir. E- ASM’lerin sayısı halen yetersiz olup arttırılması için eğitim kurumlarının farkındalığının artırılması, malzeme temini, tadilat ve tamirat ihtiyaçlarının kolaylaştırılması gerekmektedir. Sağlık Müdürlükleri tarafından alt yapının oluşturulması ve destek personelinin sağlanması; Aile hekimliği eğitim kurumları tarafından ise eğitici görevlendirilmesi ve eğitim görecek uzmanlık öğrencisi planlanması alternatif olarak düşünülmelidir. Nüfus kaydının ve hizmet planlamalarının asistan eğitimine imkân verecek şekilde düzenlenmesi, görev yapacak eğitici, asistan ve diğer personelin ödemelerinin hak kaybına neden olmayacak şekilde yapılandırılması, sahada yapılacak araştırmalarla ilgili izin süreçlerinin kolaylaştırılması gerekmektedir. Bu yazıda Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesi Şişli Hamidiye Etfal Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Aile Hekimliği Kliniği’ne bağlı olarak 2016 yılı Ağustos ayı itibariyle iki ayrı binada hizmet vermeye başlayan iki ayrı E-ASM’nin açılması ve işletilmesiyle ilgili deneyimler paylaşılarak sürecin iyileştirilmesine katkı sunulması amaçlanmıştır.
Emzirme döneminde ilaç kullanımı
Authors: Kaplan Yusuf Cem , Uysal Nusret , Arslan Elif Keskin , Acar Selin , Harvey Cemre
Published: August 2020

Emzirme dönemi sadece sağlıklı kadınları ilgilendiren bir durum değildir. Annenin emzirme dönemi öncesinde var olan ve yeni ortaya çıkan hastalıklarının tedavisi için ilaç kullanımı gerekebilir. Hem anne hem bebek için sayısız faydası olan emzirmenin devamlılığını korumak ise kritik öneme sahiptir. Emzirme döneminde ilaç kullanımının bebek üzerinde olası advers etkileri ile ilgili endişeler nedeniyle annenin tedavisiz kalması, anne ve bebek açısından istenmeyen kalıcı olumsuzluklara neden olabilir. Emzirme döneminde annenin ilaç tedavisi alması gereken durumlarda annenin emzirmeye devam edip edemeyeceği kanıta dayalı risk-fayda analizi ile değerlendirilmeli, bulunan kanıtlar akılcı ve şeffaf bir şekilde yorumlanmalıdır. Çoğu ilaç anne sütüne geçtiği için, emzirme döneminde ilaç kullanımı ile ilgili asıl soru ilacın anne sütüne geçip geçmediği değildir. Asıl soru ilacın anne sütüne geçen miktarının bebekte ciddi ya da şiddetli bir advers etkiye yol açma ihtimalinin olup olmadığıdır. Emziren annede ilaç seçimi her bireyde ayrı değerlendirilmesi gereken ve içinde birçok faktörü barındıran bir süreçtir. Göreceli bebek dozu %10’un altında olan, kısa yarılanma ömürlü, proteine yüksek oranda bağlanan, oral emilimi ve yağda çözünürlüğü düşük ilaçlar tercih edilmelidir. En az bunlar kadar önemli bir diğer seçim kıstası ise seçilecek ilaca dair emzirme döneminde yapılmış olan gözlemsel çalışmalardır. Bu tür çalışmalarda hakkında olumsuz veri olmayan ilaçlar öncelikli olarak tercih edilmelidir.Bu derlemede emzirme döneminde ilaç kullanımına dair genel yaklaşımların gözden geçirilmesi ve kanıta dayalı risk-fayda analizinin nasıl yapılması gerektiği klinik pratiğe uygun şekilde sunularak, bu konudaki bilgi ve farkındalığın arttırılması amaçlanmıştır.