bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Differences in muscle satellite cell dynamics during muscle hypertrophy and regeneration
Authors: Fukada So-ichiro , Higashimoto Tatsuyoshi , Kaneshige Akihiro
Published: July 2022

Skeletal muscle homeostasis and function are ensured by orchestrated cellular interactions among several types of cells. A noticeable aspect of skeletal muscle biology is the drastic cell–cell communication changes that occur in multiple scenarios. The process of recovering from an injury, which is known as regeneration, has been relatively well investigated. However, the cellular interplay that occurs in response to mechanical loading, such as during resistance training, is poorly understood compared to regeneration. During muscle regeneration, muscle satellite cells (MuSCs) rebuild multinuclear myofibers through a stepwise process of proliferation, differentiation, fusion, and maturation, whereas during mechanical loading-dependent muscle hypertrophy, MuSCs do not undergo such stepwise processes (except in rare injuries) because the nuclei of MuSCs become directly incorporated into the mature myonuclei. In this review, six specific examples of such differences in MuSC dynamics between regeneration and hypertrophy processes are discussed.
Presence of Akkermansiaceae in gut microbiome and immunotherapy effectiveness in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Grenda Anna , Iwan Ewelina , Chmielewska Izabela , Krawczyk Paweł , Giza Aleksandra , Bomba Arkadiusz , Frąk Małgorzata , Rolska Anna , Szczyrek Michał , Kieszko Robert , Kucharczyk Tomasz , Jarosz Bożena , Wasyl Dariusz , Milanowski Janusz
Published: July 2022

The significance of Akkermansia bacteria presence in gut micobiome, mainly Akkermansia mucinifila, is currently being investigated in the context of supporting therapy and marker for response to immunotherapy in cancer patients. It is indicated that patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) respond better to treatment if this bacterium is present in the intestine.

We performed next-generation sequencing of the gut microbiome from patients treated in the first or second line therapy with anti-PD-1 (anti-programmed death 1) or anti-PD-L1 (anti-programmed death ligand 1) monoclonal antibodies. In our study group of 47 NSCLC patients, the percentage of Akkermansiaceae was higher in patients with disease stabilization and with partial response to immunotherapy compared to patients with disease progression. Moreover, we found that a higher percentage of Akkermansiaceae was present in patients with squamous cell carcinoma compared to adenocarcinoma. Our study showed that Akkermansiaceae could be supporting marker for response to immunotherapies in NSCLC patients, nonetheless further in-depth studies should be conducted in the role of Akkermansiaceae in cancer immunotherapy.
Prestige markers in art: subtle stratagems in material selection for fifteenth-century stained-glass windows
Authors: Patin Mathilde , Nys Karin , Thienpont Hugo , Meulebroeck Wendy
Published: July 2022

The understanding of the connection between the value of an image and the value of the materials that were used to make it is limited, especially for stained-glass windows. However, such information can bring-to-light how artistic and economic questions were intertwined and how the final artwork depended on the ranking of the materials.

With this paper, we aim to illustrate the benefit of combining art historical research with scientific analysis to retrieve the selection of the quality of the materials of stained-glass windows. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to investigate the link between the materials and the iconography in order to recover artistic choices and highlight a possible hidden symbolism for a set of window panels, used as a first case-study. Glass quality is investigated according to the following parameters: (1) the glass composition, (2) the glass forming technique, (3) the transparency and hue of the colourless glass, and (4) the rarity and complexity of the colouring technology.

The results of our research indicate that the four-studied panels were originally assembled from two different glass compositional groups, K-rich glass and Ca-rich glass, and that specific attention was paid to select only high-quality materials and production techniques for the representation of the characters with higher positions in the religious hierarchy. A very interesting aspect concerns the way the bishop was rendered in one of the panels, because it seems that he actually upgraded his own prestige by requesting the use of specific materials and more attentiveness to his rendering in the panel.

By this research, we proposed a first case-study with a non-destructive tool to bring a discussion on the use of different glass qualities in stained glass window. We hope to further encourage such studies on window panels across Western Europe to verify if similar observations can be made.
3D digital technologies applied to the design and printing of auxiliary structures for fragment adhesion strategies on wax artifacts
Authors: Sterp Moga Emanuel , Hernández-Muñoz Óscar , del Río Esteban Javier , Sánchez-Ortiz Alicia
Published: July 2022

Three-dimensional models of anatomy in wax preserved in university museums are rare artifacts of extraordinary technical complexity. In recent years, interest in them has increased among scholars who consider them primary sources of heritage value to approach material culture and the history of science. The fragility of the sculptural material and the inadequate exhibition and storage conditions of many of these collections have caused the formation of pathologies whose conservation treatment is a great challenge for the restorer. In this regard, new 3D digital technologies have created a great impact on the documentation and analysis of interventions in the field of conservation and restoration of cultural heritage. This research aims to demonstrate the technical possibilities offered by 3D digital systems as support tools in curative conservation strategies to mechanically stabilize fragmented sculptural parts. For this case study, we chose an 18th-century obstetric anatomical model made by the Madrid Court sculptor Juan Cháez, and the modeler Luigi Franceschi who belonged to the anatomical cabinet of the Royal College of Surgery of San Carlos in Madrid. In this work, we demonstrate the digitization process carried out employing structured light scanners, digital modeling, and 3D printing. The aim is to create auxiliary structures suitable to support the various original pieces to be adhered while guaranteeing their exact position during the adhesive curing process as well as the volumetric reintegration of faults. In addition tensile and three point bending tests for the mechanical characterization of the selected thermoplastic impression materials are described. Finally, the qualities considered suitable for the most appropriate material for the purpose of the study are detailed. Promising results were obtained since the structures have made it possible to perform fragment adhesions in highly complex areas of the sculpture, ensuring maximum precision, safety, and efficiency during the process.
Effect of manipulation technique using ultrasound-guided cervical nerve root block on range of motion at the shoulder joint in frozen shoulder: a retrospective study
Authors: Park Kieun , Matsuzaki Masashi , Okamoto Mitsuji , Sakaki Akihiro , Ikuta Futoshi
Published: July 2022

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate the range of motion (ROM) at the shoulder joint before and after silent manipulation.

Methods

This retrospective study included all patients who underwent silent manipulation at our institution between January 2013 and December 2017. In total, 1,665 shoulders in 1,610 patients (519 men, 1,146 women; mean age 55.4 ± 8.8 years) were treated during the study period. The mean symptom duration was 6.6 ± 7.1 months. ROM at the shoulder joint was measured in flexion, abduction, and external rotation before silent manipulation and at 1 week and 1, 2, and 3 months after the procedure.

Results

Mean ROM at the shoulder was 98.8° (95% confidence interval [CI] 97.9–99.8) before silent manipulation and 155.5° (154.1–156.8) after 3 months in flexion (p = 0.0000), 75.6° (74.5–76.8) and 152.9° (151.0–154.9), respectively, in abduction (p = 0.0000), and 12.7° (12.0–13.4) and 45.9° (44.4–47.4) in external rotation (p = 0.0000). All ROM values were significantly increased at all time points after the procedure. There were no unanticipated adverse events or serious adverse reactions.

Conclusions

This study reports on the efficacy and safety of manipulation using conduction anesthesia for shoulder contractures in a large group of patients. Silent manipulation can increase ROM at the shoulder safely and effectively.
Short-wave run-ups of the 1611 Keicho tsunami along the Sanriku Coast
Authors: Yamanaka Yusuke , Tanioka Yuichiro
Published: July 2022

A tsunami generated by an earthquake that occurred off the east coast of Japan in 1611 was predominantly concentrated along the Sanriku Coast. The 1611 event produced its greatest observed tsunami height at Koyadori, 28.8 m, higher than that produced by other representative tsunamis at the same location such as the 2011 Tohoku and 1896 Meiji Sanriku tsunamis. The characteristics of the source that resulted in the remarkable tsunami height at Koyadori have been widely debated. In this study, we simulated the local intensification mechanism of the 1611 tsunami and derived some key characteristics of the earthquake that produced the intensification at Koyadori based on these results. First, we investigated the topographical inundation characteristics in representative areas on the Sanriku Coast, including Koyadori, by numerical means. By comparing the numerical results with the observed heights for the 1611 tsunami, we found that a simulated tsunami that was dominated by short-wave components yielded a promising reproduction of the observed heights. The development of a local resonance seemed a more likely cause for the observed local intensification at Koyadori than a single-pulse wave. These results suggested that the 1611 earthquake produced a tsunami dominated by short-wave components. Furthermore, the source must have been located far off the Tohoku coast near the Japan Trench axis to have had substantial short-wave components along the Sanriku Coast. Based on these findings, we constructed a source scenario for local intensification by investigating the characteristics of Green’s functions from single-point sources. The scenario involves two separate earthquake sources in shallow crustal areas at the plate interface of the subduction zone, resulting in a moment magnitude of 8.5. The tsunami produced by this source model, which reflected the characteristics of a tsunami earthquake, effectively reproduced the local intensification observed on the Sanriku Coast.
The art worlds of gender performance: cosplay, embodiment, and the collective accomplishment of gender
Authors: Yang Yuchen
Published: July 2022

In recent years, cosplay has gained global visibility as a performing art in which fans dress up as fictional characters from anime, comics/manga, or games. Although scholars contend that cosplay exemplifies gender performativity and may even offer a new heuristic for understanding social interactions in general, they rarely examine how gender is performed in cosplay. Taking together the production of culture perspective and interactionist theories of gender, I detail how cosplay participants project gendered sensibilities through conventionalized body movements and modifications. Contrary to the prevailing focus on individual cosplayers, I demonstrate how makeup artists, photographers, and photo editors all contribute to the success of gender play in cosplay. Contrary to simplistic accounts of donning hyper-masculinity/hyper-femininity, I argue that cosplay participants’ pursuit of authenticity makes singular orientation to sex category insufficient and demands a version of masculinity/femininity that also attends to the character’s personality. Situated in the art worlds of cosplay’s production and evaluation, my findings invite scholars to consider the collaboration between cosplayers and their supporting crew as a conceptual heuristic that attunes our attention to the collective accomplishment of gender embodiment, whose multi-authorship is often obscured.
Is There a “Window of Opportunity” for Flexibility Development in Youth? A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis
Authors: Donti Olyvia , Konrad Andreas , Panidi Ioli , Dinas Petros C. , Bogdanis Gregory C.
Published: July 2022

Background

Flexibility is an important component of physical fitness for competitive and recreational athletes. It is generally suggested that flexibility training should start from childhood (6–11 years of age) to optimize joint range of motion (ROM) increases; however, evidence is limited and inconsistent.

Objective

To examine whether there is a difference in the effect of stretching training on flexibility during childhood (6–11 years of age) and adolescence (12–18 years of age).

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methods

We searched PubMed Central, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and SPORTDiscus, to conduct this systematic review. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized controlled trials were eligible. No language and date of publication restrictions were applied. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane RoB2 and ROBINS-I tools. Meta-analyses were conducted via an inverse variance random-effects model. GRADE analysis was used to assess the methodological quality of the studies.

Results

From the 2713 records retrieved 28 studies were included in the meta-analysis (n = 1936 participants). Risk of bias was low in 56.9% of all criteria. Confidence in cumulative evidence was moderate. We found that stretching was effective in increasing ROM in both children (SMD = 1.09; 95% CI = 0.77–1.41; Z = 6.65; p < 0.001; I2 = 79%) and adolescents (SMD = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.70–1.10; Z = 8.88; p < 0.001; I2 = 81%), with no differences between children and adolescents in ROM improvements (p = 0.32; I2 = 0%). However, when stretching volume load was considered, children exhibited greater increases in ROM with higher than lower stretching volumes (SMD = 1.21; 95% CI = 0.82–1.60; Z = 6.09; p < 0.001; I2 = 82% and SMD = 0.62; 95% CI = 0.29–0.95; Z = 3.65; p < 0.001; I2 = 0%, respectively; subgroup difference: p = 0.02; I2 = 80.5%), while adolescents responded equally to higher and lower stretching volume loads (SMD = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.47–1.33; Z = 4.08; p < 0.001; I2 = 83%, and SMD = 0.90; 95% CI = 0.69–1.12; Z = 8.18; p < 0.001; I2 = 79%, respectively; subgroup difference: p = 0.98; I2 = 0%).

Conclusions

Systematic stretching training increases ROM during both childhood and adolescence. However, larger ROM gains may be induced in childhood than in adolescence when higher stretching volume loads are applied, while adolescents respond equally to high and low stretching volume loads.

Registration: INPLASY, registration number: INPLASY202190032; https://inplasy.com/inplasy-2021-9-0032/
Prevalence and Correlates of Mental Health Symptoms and Well-Being Among Elite Sport Coaches and High-Performance Support Staff
Authors: Pilkington Vita , Rice Simon M. , Walton Courtney C. , Gwyther Kate , Olive Lisa , Butterworth Matt , Clements Matti , Cross Gemma , Purcell Rosemary
Published: July 2022

Background

There is growing understanding of mental health needs in elite athletes, but less is known about the mental health of coaches and support staff who work within elite sport settings. This study examined the prevalence and correlates of mental health symptoms in elite-level coaches and high-performance support staff (HPSS) and compared rates against published elite athlete samples. A cross-sectional, anonymous, online survey was administered to coaches and HPSS working in Australia’s high-performance sports system. Main outcomes were scores on validated measures of psychological distress, probable ‘caseness’ for a diagnosable psychological condition, alcohol consumption and sleep disturbance.

Results

Data were provided by 78 coaches (mean age = 46.4 years, 23.8% female) and 174 HPSS (mean age = 40.0 years, 56.7% female). Overall, 41.2% of the sample met probable caseness criteria, 13.9% reported high to very high psychological distress, 41.8% reported potential risky alcohol consumption and 17.7% reported moderate to severe sleep disturbance, with no statistically significant differences between coaches and HPSS. The most robust correlates of psychological distress and probable caseness were dissatisfaction with social support and dissatisfaction with life balance, while poor life balance was also associated with increased alcohol consumption and poor social support with sleep disturbance. Coaches and HPSS reported similar prevalence of mental health outcomes compared to rates previously observed in elite athletes, with the exception of higher reporting of alcohol consumption among coaches and HPSS.

Conclusions

Elite-level coaches and HPSS reported levels of psychological distress and probable caseness similar to those previously reported among elite-level athletes, suggesting that these groups are also susceptible to the pressures of high-performance sporting environments. Screening for mental health symptoms in elite sport should be extended from athletes to all key stakeholders in the daily training environment, as should access to programs to support mental health and well-being.
Risk of bias of prognostic models developed using machine learning: a systematic review in oncology
Authors: Dhiman Paula , Ma Jie , Andaur Navarro Constanza L. , Speich Benjamin , Bullock Garrett , Damen Johanna A. A. , Hooft Lotty , Kirtley Shona , Riley Richard D. , Van Calster Ben , Moons Karel G. M. , Collins Gary S.
Published: July 2022

Background

Prognostic models are used widely in the oncology domain to guide medical decision-making. Little is known about the risk of bias of prognostic models developed using machine learning and the barriers to their clinical uptake in the oncology domain.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and searched MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for oncology-related studies developing a prognostic model using machine learning methods published between 01/01/2019 and 05/09/2019. The primary outcome was risk of bias, judged using the Prediction model Risk Of Bias ASsessment Tool (PROBAST). We described risk of bias overall and for each domain, by development and validation analyses separately.

Results

We included 62 publications (48 development-only; 14 development with validation). 152 models were developed across all publications and 37 models were validated. 84% (95% CI: 77 to 89) of developed models and 51% (95% CI: 35 to 67) of validated models were at overall high risk of bias. Bias introduced in the analysis was the largest contributor to the overall risk of bias judgement for model development and validation. 123 (81%, 95% CI: 73.8 to 86.4) developed models and 19 (51%, 95% CI: 35.1 to 67.3) validated models were at high risk of bias due to their analysis, mostly due to shortcomings in the analysis including insufficient sample size and split-sample internal validation.

Conclusions

The quality of machine learning based prognostic models in the oncology domain is poor and most models have a high risk of bias, contraindicating their use in clinical practice. Adherence to better standards is urgently needed, with a focus on sample size estimation and analysis methods, to improve the quality of these models.
High-frame-rate contrast-enhanced ultrasound particle image velocimetry in patients with a stented superficial femoral artery: a feasibility study
Authors: van Helvert Majorie , Engelhard Stefan , Voorneveld Jason , van der Vee Marije , Bosch Johan G. , Versluis Michel , Groot Jebbink Erik , Reijnen Michel M. P. J.
Published: July 2022

Background

Local blood flow affects vascular disease and outcomes of endovascular treatment, but quantifying it is challenging, especially inside stents. We assessed the feasibility of blood flow quantification in native and stented femoral arteries, using high-frame-rate (HFR) contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) particle image velocimetry (PIV), also known as echoPIV.

Methods

Twenty-one patients with peripheral arterial disease, recently treated with a stent in the femoral artery, were included. HFR CEUS measurements were performed in the native femoral artery and at the inflow and outflow of the stent. Two-dimensional blood flow was quantified through PIV analysis. EchoPIV recordings were visually assessed by five observers and categorised as optimal, partial, or unfeasible. To evaluate image quality and tracking performance, contrast-to-tissue ratio (CTR) and vector correlation were calculated, respectively.

Results

Fifty-eight locations were measured and blood flow quantification was established in 49 of them (84%). Results were optimal for 17/58 recordings (29%) and partial for 32 recordings (55%) due to loss of correlation (5/32; 16%), short vessel segment (8/32; 25%), loss of contrast (14/32; 44%), and/or shadows (18/32; 56%). In the remaining 9/58 measurements (16%) no meaningful flow information was visualised. Overall, CTR and vector correlation were lower during diastole. CTR and vector correlation were not different between stented and native vessel segments, except for a higher native CTR at the inflow during systole (p = 0.037).

Conclusions

Blood flow quantification is feasible in untreated and stented femoral arteries using echoPIV. Limitations remain, however, none of them related to the presence of the stent.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04934501 (retrospectively registered).
Preoperative localisation of nonpalpable breast lesions using magnetic markers in a tertiary cancer centre
Authors: Petrillo Antonella , Di Giacomo Raimondo , Esposito Emanuela , Vallone Paolo , Setola Sergio Venanzio , Raso Mauro Mattace , Granata Vincenza , Barretta Maria Luisa , Siani Claudio , Rinaldo Chiara , Donzelli Ivana , Marone Ugo , Melucci Maria Teresa , Fucito Alfredo , Saponara Ruggero , Di Bonito Maurizio , Fusco Roberta , Rinaldo Massimo , Avino Franca
Published: July 2022

Background

We retrospectively evaluated safety and performance of magnetic seed localisation of nonpalpable breast lesions.

Methods

We reviewed records of patients with nonpalpable breast lesions preoperative localised by placing magnetic Magseed® marker between February 2019 and December 2020. During surgery, Sentimag® magnetic probe was used to localise the marker and guide surgery. Safety, lesion identification and excision with tumour with free margins and re-excision rate were assessed.

Results

A total of 77 Magseed® devices were placed into the breasts of 73 patients, 44 under ultrasound and 33 under stereotactic guidance (4 bilateral). All devices were retrieved as were the target lesions. Magnetic marker placement was successful in all cases without any adverse event. Intraoperative identification and excision of the localised lesion were successful in 77 of 77 of cases (100%). In three cases (all of them calcifications with the seed placed under stereotactic guidance), the seed did not reach the exact target position of the biopsy clip; thus, larger excision was needed, with localisation failure attributed to incorrect clip insertion (n = 1) or to clip dislocation (n = 2). Migration of the marker was negligible in all patients. Complete excision after the initial procedure with at least 1-mm disease-free margins was obtained in 74 out of 77 (96.1%) lesions. The re-excision rate was 3 out of 77 (4%).

Conclusions

Magnetic marker localisation for nonpalpable breast lesions was safe, reliable, and effective in terms of lesion identification, excision with tumour-free margins and re-excision rate.
Malignant psammomatous melanotic schwannoma mimicking adrenal cyst: case report
Authors: Zlatarov Aleksandar , Drenakova Plamena , Mihaylov Stefan , Zgurova Neli , Petkova Lilyana , Ivanov Krasimir D.
Published: July 2022

Background

Melanotic schwannoma is a melanin producing nerve sheath tumors. Rarely, it can be associated with psammoma bodies, called psammomatous melanotic schwannoma. Psammomatous melanotic schwannomas are associated in up to 10% of the cases with Carney’s syndrome. The rarity of the lesion, which may present at different localizations create difficulty in placing a correct initial diagnosis. Definitive diagnosis is made after complete tumor excision and pathomorphological evaluation. The prognosis depends on the anatomical localization, local invasion and presence of a high mitotic index. The main pathomorphological differential diagnosis includes schwannomas and other melanin producing tumors as melanoma.

Case presentation

We present a case of an 11-year-old female with cystic lesion adjacent to right adrenal gland, mimicking adrenal cyst. Ultrasound guided biopsy was undertaken due to the cystic appearance of the formation and the lack of certain diagnosis from the non-invasive diagnostic tests. No signs of cellular and nuclear atypism were observed. The diagnosis of benign endothelial cyst with spontaneous hemorrhage was suggested. The patient underwent transabdominal laparoscopic adrenalectomy en-bloc with the cyst to prevent spillage of the cyst content due to the intimate adhesion of the lesion to the adrenal gland and vena cava inferior. Pathomorphological examination revealed malignant psammomatous melanotic schwannoma. The adrenal gland was intact with no tumor infiltration. The patient was followed up on the 1st and 2nd month afterwards the surgery by MRI with no signs of local recurrence and postoperative complications.

Conclusion

Psammomatous melanotic schwannoma near adrenal gland are rare and present difficulty with exact preoperative diagnosis. Complete resection should always be provided. Laparoscopic surgery is feasible if radical excision is not compromised. Long-term follow-up and Carney’s syndrome surveillance after complete excision are recommended especially in young patients.
Solving the nonlinear Riccati equation for the 1D plane-wave reflection response from a velocity gradient interface by a Heun to hypergeometric reduction
Authors: Amundsen Lasse , Ursin Bjørn
Published: July 2022

For 1D acoustic wave propagation in the frequency domain, the complex nonlinear Riccati differential equation describes the dependence of the plane-wave reflection response in depth, defined as the upgoing part of the wavefield divided by the downgoing part of the wavefield at that depth. In the case that the model is a velocity gradient interface expressed in terms of a smooth Heaviside function defined by the Fermi-Dirac function, the Riccati equation is shown to have an analytical solution for the reflection response. The solution accounts for all wave phenomena in the gradient zone. The solution of the Riccati equation for the reflection response is obtained by introducing the Riccati equation for the reciprocal of the reflection response which can be related to a second-order self-adjoint linear differential equation. The two latter equations obey the same radiation condition. Furthermore, a connection between the second-order linear equation and the Heun equation is obtained, both being characterized by having four regular singular points. By a change of variables, the Heun equation can be transformed into Gauss’ hypergeometric equation, whereby the solution is expressed as the sum of two linearly independent functions containing hypergeometric functions. The advantage of applying the Heun-to-hypergeometric reduction to the nonlinear Riccati equation is that solutions to the hypergeometric equation are well known. The two functions allow us to analytically determine the Riccati solution because the ratio of the linearly independent functions at infinity is constant. In contrast to the classic frequency-independent reflection coefficient from two layers in welded contact, the reflection coefficient at the surface associated with the gradient interface depends on frequency. In the limit of zero frequency, the reflection coefficient approaches the classic one. We have implemented the iterative solution of the integral form of the Riccati equation and found that the solution builds up nonlinearly to the correct solution. The model is verified by a numerical example valid for 1D wave propagation.
Gravity and magnetic field features and the prospects of iron deposits in the eastern Hebei province, China
Authors: Zhang Chunguan , Zhang Guoli , Kuang Haiyang , Zhao Gengxin , Su Yongjun , Gao Xuesheng , Teng Fei
Published: July 2022

To study the features of the gravity and magnetic anomalies and the prospects of iron deposits in the eastern Hebei province, we have collected and arranged gravity data at scales of 1:50,000 and 1:200,000 and aeromagnetic data at scales of 1:25,000 and 1:200,000. Then, we have separated the Bouguer gravity anomaly and the aeromagnetic anomaly by reduction to the pole (RTP) by the moving average method and processed these two anomalies using the total horizontal gradient method and the vertical second derivative method. Combined with existing geologic and geophysical research, we have studied the features of the gravity and magnetic anomalies and investigated the corresponding relationship between the distribution of iron deposits and these anomalies, and then we predicted the favorable areas for iron deposits in the eastern Hebei province. The results find that there is a good corresponding relationship between the distribution of iron deposits and the gravity and magnetic anomalies in the eastern Hebei province. Identification marks of the gravity and magnetic anomalies are determined to find the iron deposits in the eastern Hebei province, including the magnetic highs of the local magnetic anomaly and the vertical second derivative anomaly, the gravity highs of the local gravity anomaly and the vertical second derivative anomaly, the gradient belts of the Bouguer gravity anomaly, the high-value zones of the RTP aeromagnetic anomaly, and the extreme-value zones of the total horizontal gradient of the Bouguer gravity anomaly and the RTP aeromagnetic anomaly. There are 17 favorable areas for iron deposits in the eastern Hebei province, and these favorable areas display complex trends, including east–west-trending, north-northwest-trending, and northeast-east-trending features.
Architecture characteristics and characterization methods of fault-controlled karst reservoirs: A case study of the Shunbei 5 fault zone in the Tarim Basin, China
Authors: Zhang Wenbiao , He Zhiliang , Duan Taizhong , Ma Qiqi , Li Meng , Zhao Huawei
Published: July 2022

Carbonate fault-controlled karst reservoirs are unique because they typically are deeply buried and have substantial heterogeneity throughout compared with sandstone or other carbonate reservoirs. Creating a characterization method is critical for the efficient development of this kind of reservoir. The Shunbei 5 fault zone is an example of a carbonate fault-controlled karst reservoir located in the Tarim Basin. We summarized a 3D architectural model of fault-controlled karst reservoir based on the outcrop, drilling, logging, and seismic data. We dissected the architectural characteristics and established a comprehensive technology series to characterize fault-controlled karst reservoirs. The results indicate that the strike-slip fault and its broken strata are the geologic basis for karst development. We divided the architectural elements of the fault-controlled karst reservoirs into five categories: fault core damaged zone, fracture-damaged zone, dissolution pore zone, large cavern zone, and cavern filling zone. The fault core damaged zones form along the main slip surface of the strike-slip faults, and its interior is composed of a fault core and damaged zone. We proposed U-net deep machine learning network based on the seismic data to predict the 3D distribution of the fault core damaged zone. The fracture-damaged zone is the weakest part of karstification with poor reservoir quality. The fracture-damaged zone’s 3D distribution was effectively characterized using the improved seismic data texture attribute. The dissolution pore zone is mainly distributed outward the fracture-damaged zone, with a medium karstification degree. The optimized seismic data energy envelope attribute can effectively characterize the 3D aspect of this region, with the large cavern zone representing the position with the most substantial degree of karstification. The reservoir quality depends on the fillings inside the cavern, and we predicted the large cavern zones based on the energy enhanced residual impedance properties.
“I’ve Always Spoke Like This, You See”: Preterite-to-Participle Leveling in American and British Englishes
Authors: Chatten Alicia , Baxter Kimberley , Mas Erwanne , Peña Jailyn , Tabachnick Guy , Duncan Daniel , MacKenzie Laurel
Published: July 2022

Some English verbs use distinct forms for the preterite (i.e., simple past; e.g., I broke the door) and the past participle (e.g., I’ve broken the door). These verbs may variably show use of the preterite form in place of the participle (e.g., I’ve broke the door), which the authors call participle leveling. This article contributes the first detailed variationist study of participle leveling by investigating the phenomenon in perfect constructions using data collected from three corpora of conversational speech: two of American English and one of British English. A striking degree of similarity is found between the three corpora in both the linguistic and the extralinguistic constraints on variation. Constraints on participle leveling include tense of the perfect construction, verb frequency, and phonological similarity between preterite and participle forms. The variable is stable in real time and socially stratified. The article relates the findings to theoretical linguistic treatments of the variation and to questions of its origin and spread in Englishes transatlantically.
So Grown Stale? On Intensifying and Emphasizing Uses of Preverbalsoin Present-Day American English
Authors: Stange Ulrike
Published: July 2022

The present study addresses the question of whether preverbal so, also known as “GenX so,” which can be used as an intensifier and as an emphasizer, is going out of fashion as a means of emphasis in present-day American English as demonstrated in scripted soap operas. The results are based on 1,357 tokens of preverbal so extracted from Mark Davies’s Corpus of American Soap Operas (2011–). These tokens create both real- and apparent-time scenarios to detect potential differences in the use of preverbal so for younger and older, woman and man characters. The data suggest the following trend: between 2001 and 2012, so with emphatic do and perfects is on its way out, while all other uses of preverbal so (e.g., so with simple forms or progressives) are still associated with the speech of female characters in general or with younger woman characters in particular (so with future going to). If TV data reflects the intensifier’s use in natural speech, preverbal so can be taken to have grown stale in some contexts.
Disruptive Ruptures
Authors: Brown Kenly , Daley Lashon , Hunt Derrika
Published: July 2022

This article examines Black/Girlhood Imaginary, a transdisciplinary methodology that merges performance studies, Black studies, and education to research and theorize the capacious archives of Black girlhood. What the authors term Black/Girlhood Imaginary is a multivalent prism that aids in the recovery of the losses, the undermining, the layered violence, the joys, and the embodied experiences of Black girls. As a methodology, Black/Girlhood Imaginary weaves both the fullness and fissures of Black girlhoods, opening up the space for Black girls to recover their own images. The authors use the methodologies of Black/Girlhood Imaginary to analyze three case studies beginning with Judy Winslow’s unexplained disappearance from the popular 1990s sitcom Family Matters. The authors then move into a literary analysis of a poem written by Paradise, a student, who theorizes state-sanctioned violence in her community. The authors end with a poem about Daniele, an employee embedded between diasporic economies. These case studies illustrate representations, perspectives, and experiences of Black girls in the kaleidoscope of the Black/Girlhood Imaginary.
Modes of Regression
Authors: Jaeggi Rahel
Published: July 2022

Ressentiment seems to be one of the key concepts of our time. But what is the use of the concept of ressentiment for understanding and analyzing the rise of antigender, antimigrant, antiegalitarian, antidemocratic, homo- and transphobic, and masculinist as well as anti-Semitic and anti-Muslim sentiments, as they are articulated in populist movements all over the globe in varying constellations and to different degrees? This essay argues that, although it is a productive category for the diagnosis of our times, ressentiment alone is too weak a tool for critical theory. In order not to lose its force and not to become a psychologizing and individualizing interpretative term, ressentiment needs to be understood as a mode of regression and therefore should be embedded in a theoretical framework for understanding crisis that allows us to address the social structures that enable, necessitate, and nourish ressentiments.
Abolition, Black Ultraradicalism, and the Generation of the General Strike
Authors: Albernaz Joseph
Published: July 2022

This essay unearths an alternative genealogy of the general strike by tracing the concept's first articulation back to the struggle against Atlantic racial slavery. The famed originator of the general strike idea, the English radical William Benbow, turns out to have adapted the revolutionary program of his associate Robert Wedderburn, a Jamaican-born Black abolitionist and “ultraradical” communist. Wedderburn's 1817 abolitionist text on the general strike, energized by the Haitian Revolution and calling for global rebellion across both the Caribbean and Europe, reveals the theory and practice of the general strike to have always been a weapon of Black radicalism and one especially shaped by enslaved women. With this framework established through the recovery of Wedderburn's importance, the essay offers theoretical reflections on some of the key issues that the general strike inherently raises around work, temporality, the idea of the proletariat, and communism, while engaging several important thinkers of the general strike (in particular W. E. B. Du Bois, Walter Benjamin, and Saidiya Hartman). Ultimately, the essay argues for approaching the general strike in the light of its convergence with abolition.
Introducing blood flow in kidney explants by engraftment onto the chick chorioallantoic membrane is not sufficient to induce arterial smooth muscle cell development
Authors: Tarnick Julia , Davies Jamie A.
Published: July 2022

Kidney explant cultures are an important tool to gain insights into developmental processes, insights that can be used to develop strategies for engineering kidneys from stem cells. However, explants are not connected to a perfused vascular system. This limits their survival and limits physiological studies, for example of blood filtration, the main function of the kidney. Previous studies have shown that grafting kidneys onto avian chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) can establish perfusion and enable glomerular vascularization, but the realism and maturity of the resultant vasculature has not been examined. Here, we show that vasculature of kidney explants grafted onto CAM is very different from natural kidney vasculature, showing excessive growth of endothelial cells, absence of a hierarchical arterio-venous network and no vascular smooth muscle cell recruitment. The model therefore has serious limits.
Human iPSC-derived cerebral organoids model features of Leigh syndrome and reveal abnormal corticogenesis
Authors: Romero-Morales Alejandra I. , Robertson Gabriella L. , Rastogi Anuj , Rasmussen Megan L. , Temuri Hoor , McElroy Gregory Scott , Chakrabarty Ram Prosad , Hsu Lawrence , Almonacid Paula M. , Millis Bryan A. , Chandel Navdeep S. , Cartailler Jean-Philippe , Gama Vivian
Published: July 2022

Leigh syndrome (LS) is a rare, inherited neurometabolic disorder that presents with bilateral brain lesions caused by defects in the mitochondrial respiratory chain and associated nuclear-encoded proteins. We generated human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from three LS patient-derived fibroblast lines. Using whole-exome and mitochondrial sequencing, we identified unreported mutations in pyruvate dehydrogenase (GM0372, PDH; GM13411, MT-ATP6/PDH) and dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase (GM01503, DLD). These LS patient-derived iPSC lines were viable and capable of differentiating into progenitor populations, but we identified several abnormalities in three-dimensional differentiation models of brain development. LS patient-derived cerebral organoids showed defects in neural epithelial bud generation, size and cortical architecture at 100 days. The double mutant MT-ATP6/PDH line produced organoid neural precursor cells with abnormal mitochondrial morphology, characterized by fragmentation and disorganization, and showed an increased generation of astrocytes. These studies aim to provide a comprehensive phenotypic characterization of available patient-derived cell lines that can be used to study Leigh syndrome.
Επίδραση της κολχικίνης σε συνδυασμό με φιβράτη ή Ν-ακετυλοκυστεΐνη στα επίπεδα τριγλυκεριδίων και στην αθηρωματική πλάκα σε πειραματικό πρότυπο κονίκλων
Authors: Σπάρταλης Μιχαήλ
Published: July 2022

Σκοπός: Η αθηροσκλήρωση είναι μια χρόνια φλεγμονώδης νόσος που προάγεται από προφλεγμονώδεις κυτοκίνες που παράγονται από το φλεγμονώδες σώμα πρωτεΐνης 3 (NLRP 3) που περιέχει την περιοχή NOD-, LRR- και πυρίνης. Η κολχικίνη είναι ένας αντιφλεγμονώδης παράγοντας που αναστέλλει τη δράση του φλεγμονοσώματος και σταθεροποιεί τις αθηροσκληρωτικές βλάβες. Η Ν-ακετυλοκυστεΐνη (NAC) μειώνει την οξείδωση των λιποπρωτεϊνών χαμηλής πυκνότητας (LDL), τα επίπεδα μεταλλοπρωτεϊνάσης και τον αριθμό και τον όγκο των αφρωδών κυττάρων. Η φενοφιβράτη έχει επίσης αντιοξειδωτικές, αντιφλεγμονώδεις και αντιπηκτικές ιδιότητες ενώ έχει επίσης ευεργετική επίδραση στην αγγειοκινητική λειτουργία του ενδοθηλίου. Σκοπός αυτής της μελέτης είναι να διερευνήσει την επίδραση της χορήγησης από του στόματος κολχικίνης σε συνδυασμό με φενοφιβράτη και NAC στα επίπεδα τριγλυκεριδίων και την ανάπτυξη αθηροσκληρωτικών βλαβών σε κόνικλους που τρέφονται με χοληστερόλη. Υλικά και Μέθοδοι: Είκοσι οκτώ αρσενικοί λευκοί κόνικλοι Νέας Ζηλανδίας ηλικίας 2 μηνών χωρίστηκαν σε τέσσερις ομάδες και τράφηκαν με διαφορετικούς τύπους δίαιτας για 7 εβδομάδες: κανονική, χοληστερόλη 1% w/w, χοληστερόλη 1% w/w συν κολχικίνη 2 mg/kg σωματικού βάρους συν 250 mg/kg σωματικού βάρους/ημέρα φενοφιβράτη και χοληστερόλη 1% w/w συν κολχικίνη 2 mg/kg σωματικού βάρους συν 15 mg/kg σωματικού βάρους/ημέρα NAC. Συλλέχτηκε αίμα για μετρήσεις λιπιδαιμικού προφίλ και διεξαγωγή ELISA για ιντερλευκίνη 6 (IL-6). Πραγματοποιήθηκε ιστολογική εξέταση δειγμάτων αορτής που χρωματίστηκαν με ηωσίνη και αιματοξυλίνη. Το πάχος του έσω χιτώνα της αορτής αξιολογήθηκε χρησιμοποιώντας ανάλυση εικόνας.ΑποτελέσµαταΗ χορήγηση κολχικίνης σε συνδυασμό με φενοφιβράτη ή NAC μείωσε στατιστικά σημαντικά την έκταση των αθηροσκληρωτικών βλαβών στα αορτικά παρασκευάσματα. Η συγχορήγηση κολχικίνης με NAC έχει ισχυρότερη αντιαθηρογόνο δράση από το σχήμα κολχικίνης και φενοφιβράτης. Τα επίπεδα τριγλυκεριδίων μειώθηκαν στην ομάδα της κολχικίνης και φενοφιβράτης και στην ομάδα της κολχικίνης και NAC στο τέλος του πειράματος (p < 0,05), ενώ η ομάδα της χοληστερόλης είχε αυξημένα επίπεδα. Μια ευνοϊκά σημαντική χαμηλότερη συγκέντρωση IL-6 ανιχνεύθηκε στην ομάδα της κολχικίνης και NAC έναντι των άλλων ομάδων. Συµπέρασµα: Σε ένα πειραματικό μοντέλο κονίκλων, φαίνεται ότι η κολχικίνη μειώνει στατιστικά σημαντικά την ανάπτυξη αθηροσκλήρωσης της αορτής, ειδικά σε συνδυασμό με NAC. Η κολχικίνη ως αναστολέας του φλεγμονοσώματος NLRP3 και η NAC ως παράγοντας που στοχεύει άμεσα τη σηματοδότηση της IL-6 μπορούν να μειώσουν τον φλεγμονώδη κίνδυνο. Η φενοφιβράτη ενισχύει τον εξασθενητικό ρόλο της κολχικίνης στα επίπεδα των τριγλυκεριδίων. Οι κλινικές μελέτες θα πρέπει να διερευνήσουν εάν παρόμοια αποτελέσματα μπορούν να παρατηρηθούν σε ανθρώπους.
Fuzzy based computational models of emotion for monitoring students' affective trajectories
Authors: Καρυώτης Χαράλαμπος
Published: July 2022

Η Συναισθηματική Επιστήμη των Υπολογιστών (ΣΕΠ) είναι ένας αναδυόμενος πολύ-επιστημονικός τομέας, ο οποίος στοχεύει να γεφυρώσει το χάσμα μεταξύ του εξαιρετικά συναισθηματικού ανθρώπου και του συναισθηματικά περιορισμένου υπολογιστή, προκειμένου να παρέχει ένα υψηλότερο επίπεδο αλληλεπίδρασης ανθρώπου - μηχανής. Αυτή η διατριβή συμβάλλει στην έρευνα του ΣΕΠ, προτείνοντας νέες αναπαραστάσεις συναισθημάτων και αναπτύσσοντας νέους υπολογιστικούς μηχανισμούς και μεθοδολογικά πλαίσια που θα χρησιμοποιηθούν από συστήματα ΣΕΠ. Αυτή η έρευνα διεξάγεται στην εκπαίδευση, ωστόσο δεν περιορίζεται μόνο στο εκπαιδευτικό πλαίσιο, καθώς οι μεθοδολογίες που παρουσιάζονται μπορούν να εφαρμοστούν σε πολλούς διαφορετικούς τομείς, προσφέροντας έτσι ένα μεγάλο εύρος μελλοντικών κατευθύνσεων έρευνας. Οι συνεισφορές αυτής της έρευνας εμπίπτουν στο πεδίο ΣΕΠ, της μηχανικής μάθησης και των ψυχολογικών θεωριών που στοχεύουν στην κατανόηση του ανθρώπινου συναισθήματος. Πιο συγκεκριμένα, παρουσιάζεται μια προσαρμοσμένη και εξατομικευμένη εκδοχή της υπόθεσης των Συναισθηματικών Τροχιών, η οποία επεκτείνει την αρχική θεωρία και παρέχει ένα πλαίσιο για τη χρήση της από συστήματα ΣΕΠ. Αναπτύχθηκε ένας μηχανισμός ασαφής λογικής για την εξαγωγή και προσαρμογή γνώσης, ο οποίος πέτυχε βελτιωμένη απόδοση ταξινόμησης σε σύγκριση με τις υπολογιστικές μεθόδους στις οποίες βασίστηκε. Ένα νέο υπολογιστικό μοντέλο συναισθημάτων, το μοντέλο AV-AT, προτείνεται για να παρέχει στους ερευνητές ΣΕΠ ένα εργαλείο για την αποτελεσματική περιγραφή της συναισθηματικής κατάστασης του χρήστη. Τέλος, αναπτύσσεται μια νέα ιεραρχική μέθοδο ασαφής λογικής, που αποτελείται από ένα γενετικά βελτιστοποιημένο προσαρμοστικό σύστημα ασαφής λογικής και έναν γνωστικό χάρτη ασαφής λογικής. Αυτή η μέθοδος ενσωματώνει πληροφορίες χαμηλού επιπέδου σχετικά με τα βασικά στοιχεία της συναισθηματικής τροχιάς ενός μαθητή στο χρόνο, και πληροφορίες υψηλού επιπέδου για τις συναισθηματικές μεταβάσεις που βιώνει ένας μαθητής, για να μοντελοποιήσει τις συναισθηματικές τροχιές των μαθητών κατά τη διάρκεια μαθησιακών εργασιών. Οι συναισθηματικές μεταπτώσεις των μαθητών διερευνώνται στο πλαίσιο του παιδαγωγικού πλαισίου μάθησης βάσει προβλημάτων. Ένας νέος σχεδιασμός έρευνας που βασίζεται σε σενάρια εισάγεται για την εξαγωγή δεδομένων σχετικών με το συναίσθημα. Τέλος, παρουσιάζεται μια διαδικασία προσαρμογής εκτός σύνδεσης, η οποία επιτρέπει την ανάπτυξη προ-εκπαιδευμένων εξατομικευμένων συστημάτων.
Νοσηλευτική Ηθική Ευθύνη: Μέθοδοι λήψης ηθικών αποφάσεων
Authors: Τίφας Αντρέας
Published: July 2022

Η ηθική ευθύνη των νοσηλευτών είναι σημαντική κατά την εφαρμογή της νοσηλευτικής πρακτικής, όχι μόνο γνωσιοθεωρητικά, αλλά και πρακτικά. Ο νοσηλευτικός λειτουργός πρέπει να γνωρίζει τι είναι νοσηλευτική ηθική ευθύνη και πότε αυτή πρέπει να λαμβάνεται. Σκοπός της παρούσας εργασίας είναι η ανάδειξη των νοσηλευτικών ηθικών ευθυνών κατά την νοσηλευτική κλινική πρακτική. Μέσα από αυτό το πλαίσιο θα παρουσιαστούν τα πρότυπα ηθικής συμπεριφοράς με ιδιαίτερη μνεία στις μεθόδους λήψης ηθικών αποφάσεων. Η γνώση και η επίγνωση της νοσηλευτικής ηθικής ευθύνης είναι πολύ σημαντική. Τα ηθικά διλήμματα και οι ηθικές συγκρούσεις αναφύονται καθημερινώς. Οι νοσηλευτές χρειάζεται να είναι γνώστες των προτύπων ηθικής συμπεριφοράς και των μεθόδων λήψης ηθικών αποφάσεων, ούτως ώστε να υπάρχει μια ορθολογική λήψη των νοσηλευτικών ηθικών ευθυνών. Τι είναι νοσηλευτική ηθική; Πότε αναλαμβάνεται μια ευθύνη; Πότε ένα ζήτημα μετατρέπεται σε δίλημμα;