bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Under the Law: CTE: A checkered legal history
Authors: Kim Robert
Published: March 2023

Career and technical education (also known as vocational education) has been in existence since at least the 19th century as a means of preparing students for employment. However, for much of the 20th century, it also has served to segregate students, even after such segregation was deemed illegal. Robert Kim describes the legal history of career and technical education (CTE). Although many of today’s CTE programs show positive outcomes for students of historically marginalized backgrounds, policy makers and education leaders must understand how CTE programs differ across communities and be prepared to apply new understandings of equity to these programs.
Backtalk: The controversy of teaching CRT in K-12
Authors: Choi Jung-ah
Published: March 2023

Equity initiatives and critical race theory (CRT) have recently emerged as an urgent agenda for K-12 schools. Jung-ah Choi argues that CRT is a useful framework but that teaching CRT principles to young children may have deleterious effects. In particular, it could undermine two bedrock notions: educational equality and meritocracy. It is not children but adults (specifically, educators) who need to focus on how racism has shaped school policies, curricula, instructional methods, and day-to-day interactions.
Nasopharynx evaluation in children of unilateral cleft palate patients and normal with cone beam computed tomography
Authors: Temiz Mustafa , Duman Suayip Burak , Abdelkarim Ahmed Z. , Bayrakdar Ibrahim Sevki , Syed Ali Z. , Eser Gozde , Celik Ozen Duygu , Gedik Hatice Tugce , Ugurlu Mehmet , Jagtap Rohan
Published: March 2023

Objective:

This study aimed to examine the morphological characteristics of the nasopharynx in unilateral Cleft lip/palate (CL/P) children and non-cleft children using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Methods:

A retrospective study consisted of 54 patients, of which 27 patients were unilateral CL/P, remaining 27 patients have no CL/P. Eustachian tubes orifice (ET), Rosenmuller fossa (RF) depth, presence of pharyngeal bursa (PB), the distance of posterior nasal spine (PNS)-pharynx posterior wall were quantitatively evaluated.

Results:

The main effect of the CL/P groups was found to be effective on RF depth-right ( p < 0.001) and RF depth-left ( p < 0.001). The interaction effect of gender and CL/P groups was not influential on measurements. The cleft-side main effect was found to be effective on RF depth-left ( p < 0.001) and RF depth-right ( p = 0.0002). There was no statistically significant relationship between CL/P groups and the presence of bursa pharyngea.

Conclusions:

Because RF is the most common site of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), the anatomy of the nasopharynx should be well known in the early diagnosis of NPC.
Race, rhetorical veneers and the virulence of colonial violence during COVID
Authors: Zivkovic Tanya
Published: March 2023

COVID has exposed how health and racial inequities are deeply entangled. This article seeks to examine how race is made present but also erased in words, bodies and institutions. It takes as its point of departure two Australian health campaigns and their use of the promotional rhetoric of ‘the race’ to urgently increase immunisations and organ donation registrations at the time of COVID. In a critical analysis of the public policy and political discourse that emerged in and around these promotions, I show how racialised oppression materialised and was obscured in linguistic veneers of inclusivity and diversity. The race to improve health outcomes articulated social imaginaries of the ‘level playing field’ in a projection to the future that omitted the historical production of uneven terrains. Reorienting this temporal direction, the article historicises the present, tracing back racial inequities from the frontline and dividing lines of coronavirus, to the frontiers and foundations of the Australian nation. In so doing, it argues for a more critical engagement with health discourse and promotions that target racialised groups and (re)present histories of violence.
Allah has told us everything: An interpretative phenomenological analysis exploring the lived experiences of British Muslims
Authors: Murphy James , Jones Fergal W , Nigbur Dennis
Published: March 2023

There is a need to better understand how individuals in different religious groups construct and maintain their worldviews. This study explores how religious practices, beliefs, and relationships create and sustain the worldviews of five British Muslims. Semi-structured interviews were inductively analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) to idiographically explore the participants’ lived experiences. This analysis developed multiple subordinate themes that formed two superordinate themes: “Submitting to Allah” and “Being a British Muslim.” The participants’ experiences of being raised in Muslim families strongly shaped their beliefs and they each strongly identify themselves as both Muslim and British. These important relationships taught them to follow the teachings of the Qur’an and to live their lives in submission to God. The analysis suggests the belief that the Qur’an is the authoritative and enduring revelation of God to mankind provided the core of their worldview and that this belief had far-reaching implications for every aspect of their lives. Their social relationships and religious practices both continually affirmed this fundamental belief in their sacred text and created a social reality in which the participants experienced God and submitted to the will of Allah. The combination of many different religious practices, social relationships, and personal experiences imbued the Qur’an with the power and authority to shape the participants’ lives and sustained their religious community. The participants’ intratextually fundamentalist approach to the Qur’an helped them create coherent worldviews that were filled with meaning and purpose.
The ‘strange and dangerous Poynado’ of Georges Villiers, Duke of Buckingham: Weaponry, propaganda, and political identity
Authors: Rivère de Carles Nathalie
Published: March 2023

In 1627, an alleged murder plot involving a dagger targeted Georges Villiers, 1st Duke of Buckingham during his expedition to the Isle of Ré. In 1628, John Felton, a veteran of that same expedition, killed Buckingham with a dagger. This article examines the failure of Buckingham's branding strategy based on the transformation of real weapons into fictional items. It considers three of Buckingham's political self-fashioning objects: his armour in the Mytens portrait, a dagger and a coranto of news. These are contrasted with their reception in Thomas Heywood's tragicomedy The Royal King and the Loyal Subject, diplomatic relations, and libels.
Understanding the link between anxious parental overprotection and academic confidence in emerging adults: Mediation through interpersonal and intrapersonal processes
Authors: Eberly Lewis Mary B. , Slater Justin J. , McGinley Meredith , Rote Wendy M.
Published: March 2023

Some parents may engage in overparenting, often characterized as overprotection, to ensure their college student’s academic success, yet, findings show that such parental efforts undermine performance. In the present study, we propose that there are interpersonal (parental hostility) and intrapersonal factors (depression and self-regulation) that act as mechanisms through which anxious overprotective parenting leads to diminished emerging adult academic confidence. Emerging adults ( N = 967; 75.6% women; M age = 18.71, SD = .94) who were primarily in their first (60.5%) or second (35.7%) year of college completed measures of academic confidence (academic adjustment, academic efficacy, confidence in graduating), reports of mothers’ and fathers’ anxious overprotective parenting, perceptions of maternal and paternal hostility, depression, and self-regulation. Employing a double mediation structural equation model, results revealed that anxious maternal and paternal overprotective parenting operated through perceived parental hostility to intrapersonal processes (depression, self-regulation) in predicting academic confidence. Maternal and paternal hostility, in particular, was paramount as an interpersonal mediator through which overprotective parenting led to emerging adult intrapersonal and academic outcomes. Although cross-sectional, the current findings are suggestive of the developmental cascade model (Masten & Cicchetti, 2010), whereby diminished family dynamics are associated with internalizing symptoms and self-regulatory issues, which, in turn, are linked with lower academic achievement in children.
Success factors of evidence-based training for pilots
Authors: Hwang Eui Song , Kim Jin Ki
Published: March 2023

Training pilots is a long-lasting and important task for the aviation safety and proper operation of airlines. Evidence-Based Training (EBT) is proposed as one of the best alternatives for pilot training. This study identified the need of EBT in terms of non-technical performance training for pilots. The purpose of this paper is to identify the need to introduce a new training system, the EBT model, and to assess and verify its performance by operating airlines to assist in decision making by airlines considering the introduction of EBT. A total of 1003 people were subjected to the study, including 557 captains and 446 co-pilots of each model who responded to the survey conducted after EBT. Results of the survey were analyzed through multiple regression analysis to confirm the validity of this model, and the pilots who were trained were also satisfied with EBT. The results show that the training program information and the system quality have a positive effect on the satisfaction of the trainee and the enhancement of the trainee's perceived ability. The results of this research contribute a positive basis for EBT. The implication of this study is that the proper provision of training program and the better system could support the performance of training for pilots.
Measurement equivalence of the paper-based and electronic version of the Integrated Palliative care Outcome Scale (IPOS): A randomised crossover trial
Authors: Bolzani Anna , Kupf Sophie , Hodiamont Farina , Burner-Fritsch Isabel , Bausewein Claudia , Ramsenthaler Christina
Published: March 2023

Background:

The Integrated Palliative Care Outcome Scale (IPOS) validly and reliably measures symptoms and concerns of those receiving palliative care.

Aim:

To determine the equivalence of the paper version with an electronic version of the IPOS (eIPOS).

Design:

Multicentre randomised crossover trial (NCT03879668) with a within-subject comparison of the two modes (washout period 30 min).

Setting/Participants:

Convenience sample of specialist inpatient and palliative home care patients aged over 18 years with cancer and non-cancer conditions was recruited. Scores were compared using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), Bland-Altman plots and via a mixed-effects analysis of variance.

Results:

Fifty patients were randomised to complete paper-electronic ( n = 24) and electronic-paper ( n = 26) IPOS with median age 69 years (range 24–95), 56% male, 16% non-cancer. The ICCs showed very high concordance for the total score (ICC 0.99, 95% CI 0.98–1.00), lowest ICCs being observed for symptoms ‘Appetite loss’ and ‘Drowsiness’ (ICC 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.97). Nine of seventeen items had ICCs above 0.98, as did all subscales. No statistically significant mode, order, age, and interaction effects were observed for IPOS total score and subscales, except for ‘Communication’ ( Fmode = 5.9, p = 0.019). Fifty-eight percent preferred the electronic version. In the group 75+ years, 53% preferred the paper version. Only three entries in the free-text main problems differed between the versions.

Conclusion:

The very high equivalence in scores and free text between the IPOS and the eIPOS demonstrates that eIPOS is feasible and reliable in an older palliative population.
Evaluation of the impact of gamification on students’ performance and engagement in manufacturing engineering courses
Authors: Moliner-Heredia Rubén , Abellán-Nebot José V
Published: March 2023

In engineering courses with a large number of students, fail and dropout rates are usually high even in courses that can be expected to be interesting to the students. Gamification tools have arisen as an interesting way to motivate the students for a real continuous assessment, increasing the student’s attendance and performance. In this paper, a gamification approach based on a Kahoot tool, Moodle activities, and commemorative badges is proposed within a manufacturing course. The designed activities let the students compete among themselves to get the maximum number of points, which will be converted into extra grades that are added to the final exam grade. The gamification experience has been proven to be highly positive according to students’ and instructors’ perceptions, and the average increase of pass rate and course attendance with respect to previous years have increased from 22% to 34% and from 38% to 66%, respectively.
Randomized controlled studies evaluating Topiramate, Botulinum toxin type A, and mABs targeting CGRP in patients with chronic migraine and medication overuse headache: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Giri Samita , Tronvik Erling , Linde Mattias , Pedersen Sindre Andre , Hagen Knut
Published: March 2023

Background

This systematic review focuses on chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache using, respectively, topiramate, botulinum toxin type A, and human monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide or its receptor.

Methods

A systematic search was conducted in the databases CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and Web of Science until May 2022. We included randomized controlled trials reporting the outcomes of change in monthly headache/migraine days, ≥50% response rates and change in medication overuse status. Studies were excluded if response rates were not reported. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane RoB2 tool. The quality of evidence for outcomes across included studies was evaluated according to the five factors outlined in Cochrane GRADE approach.

Findings

The initial search resulted in 1599 records. Following screening, 10 studies met our inclusion criteria, while seven studies with sufficient data were included in the meta-analysis. Studies assessing Botulinum toxin type A included 1139 patients and showed a mean reduction in headache frequency by 1.92 days per month compared to placebo (−1.92; 95% CI −2.68 to −1.16). Studies assessing human monoclonal antibodies included 1982 patients, and showed significant positive effect compared to placebo for all measured outcomes. The overall odds ratio for the ≥50% response rate was 2.90 (95% CI, 2.23 to 3.78). No significant difference was observed in the frequency of adverse effect for both Botulinum toxin type A and low dose of human monoclonal antibodies compared to placebo. There is currently insufficient evidence to determine the impact of topiramate in chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache.

Interpretation

Botulinum toxin type A and human monoclonal antibodies targeting calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor were beneficial in reducing monthly migraine days and ≥50% response rate, but uncertainties remained for Botulinum toxin type A regarding response rate. The effect size for human monoclonal antibodies was greater with relatively lower drop-out rate. High-quality randomized trials are required to evaluate the effect of topiramate in chronic migraine patients with medication overuse headache.
The Role of Women as Agents and Beneficiaries in the Hungarian Family Planning System (1914–1944)
Authors: Svégel Fanni
Published: March 2023

The article outlines the developments in the national concept of family planning with particular reference to the female agents of healthcare and social policy measures from the turn of the century up to 1944. After the lost war and the shattering Treaty of Trianon in 1920, Hungary found itself in a deepening demographic crisis. High infant mortality and criminal abortion rates, the deficiency of graduate midwives, and the one-child system in the south-western part of the country concerned both politicians and intellectuals. The paper aims at connecting the medical, political, and social discourses based on archival and press sources on family planning by analyzing the role and agency of different women's organizations. I argue that state social policy measures and aid actions of the church and civic organizations and associations principally assigned two types of roles to women. On the one hand, they were active participants and agents, on the other hand, they were passive subjects and beneficiaries of social assistance activities. Furthermore, the article highlights the role of medical professionals (doctors, midwives, nurses) intersecting with the role of women as active agents in the execution of social policy measures. By integrating documents on family planning such as journal articles, political speeches and criminal abortion data into the national and political discourses, the article claims that women have often played contradictory roles in the process of family planning. Midwives and nurses who served as gatekeepers either helped women by providing access to birth control and abortion or complied with the regulations of the pro-natalist state, depriving women of choice.
Radiographic Predictors of Reoperation in Adolescents Undergoing Hip Preservation Surgery for Femoroacetabular Impingement
Authors: Serbin Philip A. , Youngman Tyler R. , Johnson Benjamin L. , Wilson Philip L. , Sucato Dan , Podeszwa David , Ellis Henry B.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) is a condition caused by repetitive abutment of a morphologically abnormal proximal femur and/or acetabulum that may result in chondral and labral pathology. An understanding of radiographic parameters associated with successful primary surgery has not been well established.

Purpose:

To determine preoperative radiographic parameters that predict reoperation for FAI and correlate radiographic measurements with outcomes in these patients.

Study Design:

Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A prospectively collected institutional registry of adolescent patients (age, <19 years) who underwent surgery for FAI (arthroscopic/open) was reviewed. Preoperative standing anteroposterior pelvic radiographs were analyzed for femoroepiphyseal acetabular roof (FEAR) index, as well as lateral center-edge angle (LCEA) and alpha, Tönnis, and Sharp angles. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) (modified Harris Hip Score, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score) were analyzed preoperatively and at 1- and 2-year followup. Radiographic indication of risk for reoperation was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Spearman correlation was calculated between radiographic measurements and PROs at 2 years postoperatively.

Results:

A total of 81 patients (91 hips) underwent primary surgery (57 surgical dislocations vs 34 arthroscopies) for FAI. The mean age at time of primary operation was 16.23 years (range, 10.4-19.6 years) (73.6% female). Eleven hips (12.1%) underwent reoperation at a mean of 20.6 months from primary surgery. The LCEA, FEAR index, Tönnis angle, and Sharp angle before index surgery were significantly different ( P < .05) between patients who underwent reoperation and those who did not. ROC analysis indicated that LCEA <22°, FEAR index >–8.7°, Tönnis angle >6.0°, and Sharp angle >44° were predictors for increased risk of reoperation. Using the cutoff values from the ROC analysis in this series, 43% of patients with an LCEA ≤22° had a repeat procedure, while only 8% of those with an LCEA >22° had a repeat procedure. Similar trends were seen with the other aforementioned acetabular radiographic measurements (FEAR index, Tönnis angle, Sharp angle). Patients who did not require a reoperation demonstrated significant improvement in all PRO categories from their preoperative to 2-year postoperative visits ( P < .0001).

Conclusion:

In patients undergoing treatment for FAI, a reoperation was associated with radiographic signs of hip dysplasia, indicating that patients with a shallower acetabulum are at risk for a repeat operation.
Overordering of tumor marker for outpatients revealed by performance indicators and the impact of a health policy intervention: An observational study using administrative records
Authors: Gion Massimo , De Gobbi Roberto , Zorzi Manuel , Carretta Giovanni , Leonardi Luca , Guzzinati Stefano , Trevisiol Chiara , Cancian Maurizio , Cardinali Giulia , Michieletto Federica , Dittadi Ruggero , Fabricio Aline S.C. , Rugge Massimo , Russo Francesca
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The overuse of laboratory tests contributes to impair health systems effectiveness, tumor markers (TMs) being a paradigmatic example. In the present study we applied indicators of TMs appropriateness developed from administrative datasets to appraise regionwide overordering in the clinical practice.

Patients and methods

TMs ordered to outpatients in the Veneto Region over 6 years were obtained from the eletronic Outpatients’ Records of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Procedures. TMs orders were examined as aggregated data or stratified according to disease codes, gender, age, and requests per patient. TMs recommended only for specific malignancies were examined using epidemiological data obtained from Veneto Tumor Registry.

Results

A total of 5,821,251 TMs were ordered in 4,382,159 patients over 6 years. Overall, 3,252,389 (55.9%) TMs were ordered without appropriate disease codes (ranging from 77.0% for PSA to 17.5% for CA15.3). TM orders declined over 6 years (−13.4%), with a noticeable reduction of orders without appropriate disease codes (−21.3%). Orders decreased sharply from 2015 to 2016, after the enactment of a national Decree-Law aimed at improving appropriateness, and remained stable thereafter. However, the rate of inappropriate TMs requests still remained elevated (44.4%) in the last year of observation, with orders of TMs being much higher than expected on the basis of prevalence and incidence figures of specific malignancies.

Conclusions

Indicators developed from administrative datasets were effective in assessing the overordering of TMs and the impact of interventions to improve appropriateness. The developed indicators could be considered for other diagnostic tests.
Sociodemographic Differences in Physician-Based Mental Health and Virtual Care Utilization and Uptake of Virtual Care Among Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Ontario, Canada: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Toulany Alene , Kurdyak Paul , Stukel Therese A. , Strauss Rachel , Fu Longdi , Guan Jun , Fiksenbaum Lisa , Cohen Eyal , Guttmann Astrid , Vigod Simone , Chiu Maria , Moore Hepburn Charlotte , Moran Kimberly , Gardner William , Cappelli Mario , Sundar Purnima , Saunders Natasha
Published: March 2023

Objective

We sought to evaluate the relationship between social determinants of health and physician-based mental healthcare utilization and virtual care use among children and adolescents in Ontario, Canada, during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This population-based repeated cross-sectional study of children and adolescents (3–17 years; N = 2.5 million) used linked health and demographic administrative data in Ontario, Canada (2017–2021). Multivariable Poisson regressions with generalized estimating equations compared rates of outpatient physician-based mental healthcare use during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic with expected rates based on pre-COVID patterns. Analyses were conducted by socioeconomic status (material deprivation quintiles of the Ontario Marginalization index), urban/rural region of residence, and immigration status.

Results

Overall, pediatric physician-based mental healthcare visits were 5% lower than expected (rate ratio [RR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.92 to 0.98) among those living in the most deprived areas in the first year of the pandemic, compared with the least deprived with 4% higher than expected rates (RR = 1.04, 95% CI, 1.02 to 1.06). There were no differences in overall observed and expected visit rates by region of residence. Immigrants had 14% to 26% higher visit rates compared with expected from July 2020 to February 2021, whereas refugees had similarly observed and expected rates. Virtual care use was approximately 65% among refugees, compared with 70% for all strata.

Conclusion

During the first year of the pandemic, pediatric physician-based mental healthcare utilization was higher among immigrants and lower than expected among those with lower socioeconomic status. Refugees had the lowest use of virtual care. Further work is needed to understand whether these differences reflect issues in access to care or the need to help inform ongoing pandemic recovery planning.
The global energy matrix and use of agricultural residues for bioenergy production: A review with inspiring insights that aim to contribute to deliver solutions for society and industrial sectors through suggestions for future research
Authors: Ribeiro Guilherme Fernando , Junior Aldo Braghini
Published: March 2023

Promoting the use of renewable energy sources has become an important policy strategy for mitigating climate change and for providing better energy security and financial sustainability. To overcome the problems generated by non-renewable energy sources, it is essential to use new energy sources. A literature review was conducted to investigate and understand the opportunities for implementing new renewable energy sources. Agricultural residues have great potential to receive significant consideration worldwide as an alternative, sustainable, and green energy source. The use of agricultural residues for bioenergy generation is a broad and favourable scenario for exploration. This review identified potential and almost unexplored research approaches with the aim of contributing and promoting researchers to deliver technological solutions for the society and industrial sectors. For example, a potentially promising technological solution would be for industries that produce machinery and agricultural implements to adapt their harvesters for different grain crops, to collect these agricultural residues simultaneously during harvest and readily perform granulation, compaction (pressing), pelletizing or briquetting directly on the property. Further studies are required to investigate the use of agricultural residues for bioenergy generation, which can contribute to the diversification of the energy matrix. Accordingly, in this review, several challenges and future research perspectives have been presented, such as suggestions for future research on how to collect, transport, process, market and use these agricultural residues to generate bioenergy, aiming at reducing the dependence on fossil fuels.
Antisense Transcription of the Neurospora Frequency Gene Is Rhythmically Regulated by CSP-1 Repressor but Dispensable for Clock Function
Authors: Cemel Ibrahim A. , Diernfellner Axel C. R. , Brunner Michael
Published: March 2023

The circadian clock of Neurospora crassa is based on a negative transcriptional/translational feedback loops. The frequency ( frq) gene controls the morning-specific rhythmic transcription of a sense RNA encoding FRQ, the negative element of the core circadian feedback loop. In addition, a long noncoding antisense RNA, qrf, is rhythmically transcribed in an evening-specific manner. It has been reported that the qrf rhythm relies on transcriptional interference with frq transcription and that complete suppression of qrf transcription impairs the circadian clock. We show here that qrf transcription is dispensable for circadian clock function. Rather, the evening-specific transcriptional rhythm of qrf is mediated by the morning-specific repressor CSP-1. Since CSP-1 expression is induced by light and glucose, this suggests a rhythmic coordination of qrf transcription with metabolism. However, a possible physiological significance for the circadian clock remains unclear, as suitable assays are not available.
Dual Identity in Repressive Contexts: An Agent-Based Model of Protest Dynamics
Authors: Petrov Alexander , Akhremenko Andrei , Zheglov Sergey
Published: March 2023

Protest campaign movements are often carried out by coalitions rather than by homogeneous groups. Accordingly, an opposition member has both a narrow partisan identity and a broad all-opposition identity. Seeking to prevent mass political participation, autocracies can repress protesters regardless of their group membership or apply the “divide and conquer” principle, targeting specific groups. Any strategy of repression drives some dynamics of identity. For instance, broad repression may rally the opposition by increasing broad identity at the expense of narrow identity. This dynamic of identity causes complex dynamics of motivation for participation in the protest, which affects the turnout. The paper introduces a computational model to describe the dynamics of the turnout. The model employs the social identity model of collective action (SIMCA) and accounts for the dual protest identity.
Imagining Crises of Neoliberalism: Covid-19 Pandemic and (Im)Possibilities of Change in Turkey’s Labour Regime
Authors: Damar Erdem
Published: March 2023

This study critically engages with the ‘end of neoliberalism’ debates which have peaked following the globally detrimental impacts of the Covid-19 pandemic. The paper suggests that crises of the pandemic predetermine neither the end of neoliberalism nor its regeneration. It is argued that ‘death or resurrection’ of neoliberalism is conditioned in the ways through which subjects experience ongoing crises and translate them into particular actions. On that basis, the paper focuses on Turkey’s labour regime under pandemic conditions to reveal how the imaginings and political practices of the Turkish state, companies, and (self-employed courier) workers regenerate the enduring principles of neoliberalism – including (global) market competitiveness, deregulation, labour market flexibility, economic individualism, and status-seeking – even in moments of crises. The paper concludes with a brief discussion on the emerging visibility of alternative modes of practices, which potentially involve new possibilities to mobilise towards post-neoliberal politics under crisis-ridden pandemic conditions.
Study of the influence of dosing conditions of wax inhibitors on its efficiency using numerical simulation
Authors: Ilyushin Pavel , Vyatkin Kirill , Kozlov Anton , Andreev Daniel
Published: March 2023

Wax deposition is one of the most common complications in oil production. The most promising method of preventing wax depositing is dosing of wax inhibitors. Based on the results of studies at the Cold Finger installation, it was found that dosing an inhibitor at a temperature below wax appearance temperature reduces the efficiency of the inhibitors. Based on large scale, numerical simulation was found that dosing by “drop” injection through the impulse tube leads to the accumulation of the inhibitor in the near-wall zone and low distribution over the cross section of the tubing. When dosing with a nozzle, the degree of distribution of the inhibitor increases and reaches the highest value at a nozzle diameter of 0.5 mm and a length 1.5 cm. The influence of flow rate on the degree of inhibitor distribution was also evaluated. It was found that with an increase in the flow rate to 45 m3/day, the distribution of inhibitor improves and reaches the highest value, after which it does not change. The results of the work performed will make it possible to scientifically substantiate the choice of the inhibitor dosing site in order to achieve the greatest efficiency and reduce the cost of servicing oil wells.
Metatarsal bone model production using 3D printing and comparison of material properties with results obtained from CT-based modeling and real bone
Authors: Coşkun Zeliha , Çelik Talip , Kişioğlu Yasin
Published: March 2023

Using a real bone is very important to find correct results for the biomechanical studies. However, it is very difficult to find the real bone and sometimes artificial bone models can be preferred instead of real bone. The aim of this study is to obtain an easy-to-manufacture, easy-to-customize and inexpensive method the artificial first metatarsal bone model that is similar material properties with the real bone. 3D printer technology was used to produce the artificial bone model. First metatarsal bone was modeled using MIMICS software to produce and determined the mechanical properties. The bone mechanical properties were calculated via MIMICS software using computer tomography images. 3D bone models were produced in different infill density and infill pattern to determine the real bone mechanical properties using 3D printer. The infill density of the bone model was adjusted as 20%, 40%, and 60%. Five different infill pattern types were used as grid, cubic, triangle, trihexagon, and gyroid. The produced models were subjected to torsional test and the elasticity modulus of all models were obtained. The results of the elasticity modulus of all produced (artificial) and modeled (calculated) bone were compared and the optimum bone model was obtained. The optimum infill density and infill pattern was determined as 40% and trihexagon, respectively.
Transportation taxes and CO2 emissions nexus in BCIST economies: Implication for environmental sustainability
Authors: Sohail Muhammad Tayyab , Ullah Sana , Majeed Muhammad Tariq
Published: March 2023

The BCIST economies have reinforced their identity as an emerging power in the fields of environmental technology and green transportation. The green transport sector undoubtedly plays an important role in green growth but also reduces CO2 emissions. The present study's objective is to examine the impact of transportation taxes on CO2 emissions in a comparative setting for BCIST economies in periods ranging from 1991 to 2019 by employing the nonlinear ARDL approach. The finding shows that transportation taxes are also a vital asymmetric determinant of CO2 emissions. An upsurge in transportation taxes lowers CO2 emissions in China, India, South Africa, and Turkey, while a decrease in transportation taxes intensifies carbon emissions in Brazil, China, and India in the long term. More transportation taxes limit CO2 emissions in South Africa as well as China in the short run. The findings of the study have some important economy-wise policy implications and permit a new direction for further research.
Ancestral Diversity: A Socioecological Account of Emotion Culture
Authors: Niedenthal Paula M. , Hampton Ryan S. , Marji Michelle
Published: March 2023

Cultural differences in emotion expression, experience, and regulation can cause misunderstandings with lasting effects on interpersonal, intergroup, and international relations. We propose that the ancestral diversity of regions of the world, determined by the migration of humans over centuries, accounts for significant variation in cultures of emotion. We review findings that relate the ancestral diversity of the world’s countries to present-day differences in emotion display rules, the clarity of expressions, and the use of specific facial expressions, such as the smile. Results replicate at the level of the states of the United States. Finally, we suggest that historically diverse contexts provide more opportunities for emotion regulation than less diverse contexts, and we show that members of the former contexts have higher average cardiac vagal tone. We conclude that conditions created by the long-term commingling of the world’s people have predictable effects on the evolution of emotion cultures and encourage future work on questions of causation and mechanism.
Book review: Vishal Gupta, FIRST AMONG EQUALS: ‘T-R-E-A-T’ Leadership for ‘L-E-A-P’ in a Knowledge-Based World
Authors: Peerzadah Sabzar Ahmad
Published: March 2023

Vishal Gupta, FIRST AMONG EQUALS: ‘T-R-E-A-T’ Leadership for ‘L-E-A-P’ in a Knowledge-Based World. New Delhi: Bloomsbury India, 2020, 275 pp., ₹599 (paperback). ISBN: 978-93-87457-82-9; eBook: 978-93-87471-20-7.
‘Aestheticization of Poverty’ and ‘Manufactured Consent’: How Power Imbalances Between Stakeholders Led to the Failure of the Kannankund ‘Model Village’ Housing Rehabilitation Project
Authors: Mohandas Meghna , Purayil Vivek Puthan
Published: March 2023

In the aftermath of the Kerala floods of 2018, a model village project was proposed in the Kannankund area of Malappuram, Kerala to rehabilitate 34 families who had lost their houses. The project was awarded to a group of technical experts who proposed housing designs that prioritized the aesthetic language of the model village (Roy, 2003). While they engaged in participatory models to establish frameworks for design, the authors of this article observe that the process of participation was largely a smokescreen exercise to ‘manipulate’ beneficiaries into choosing options that were reflective of the aesthetic values central to the project (Arnstein, 1969; Burawoy, 1979). By situating community participation within analytical frameworks of public participation, this article seeks to analyse how skewed power dynamics in beneficiary engagement resulted in circumvention of community needs in the Kannankund model village project. The findings of this article hold significance in informing housing and urban planning practices in projects where participatory processes are being invoked to engage with marginalized communities.
The History and Current Killings of Polio Vaccinators in Pakistan: A Need for Targeted Surveillance Strategy
Authors: Wahid Braira , Kumari Babita , Saifullah Khaled Mohammed , Idrees Muhammad
Published: March 2023

Poliomyelitis has been eliminated from all countries of the world except Pakistan and Afghanistan. One of the major reasons is the stigmas associated with the polio vaccine that has been repetitively discussed in literature, and governments of both the countries are already making serious efforts to control this public health challenge, but till this moment, the state officials have not introduced any surveillance strategy for the security of polio workers in National Emergency Action Plan (NEAP) for Polio Eradication. This report highlights the issue of targeted killing and terrorism attacks on polio vaccinators in Pakistan and also devises a surveillance strategy to provide security to polio workers at immediate possible because the current chaos in Afghanistan will ultimately lead to more terrorist attacks on polio vaccinators.
A Randomized Controlled Pilot Study of the Project Support Positive Parenting Module
Authors: Rancher Caitlin , McDonald Renee , Ostner Savannah G. , Jouriles Ernest N.
Published: March 2023

Purpose: Parental support is theorized to promote healthy child development and is a frequent target of brief parenting programs. However, evaluations of these brief programs often rely on parents’ self-reports. This randomized controlled trial uses mothers’ self-reports and observational methods to evaluate the Project Support Positive Parenting module—a brief parenting program designed to enhance parental support. Method: After completing a pretreatment assessment, 73 mothers and their children (40 girls; aged 6–12 years) were randomized to the Project Support module or to a wait-list control group. Families also completed posttreatment and follow-up assessments. Results: Results of multilevel modeling analyses showed that mothers randomized to the Project Support module demonstrated greater improvements over time in mothers’ self-reports of parent–child communication and observed respect for their child's views, compared to mothers in the control condition. Discussion: Results suggest that the Project Support Positive Parenting module can result in changes in parental support.
Creating a Vocational Training Site for Individuals With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Cordell Alexandria T.
Published: March 2023

Individuals with disabilities often have difficulties transitioning to employment after the completion of high school. This is especially true for individuals with autism spectrum disorder, as many of the soft skills needed for employment (e.g. communication, flexibility, teamwork) are characteristically difficult. Employment training in community-based vocational instruction sites at the secondary level can ease this transition, as well as serve as an environment that teaches technical and soft employability skills. In addition, community-based vocational instruction sites contribute to success in obtaining and maintaining integrated and inclusive employment. This column outlines a seven-step process for educators to successfully create community-based vocational partnerships, meeting the transition needs of individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
Numerical simulation on hydraulic fracture propagation in laminated shale based on thermo-hydro-mechanical-damage coupling model
Authors: Zhang Bo , Qu Zhanqing , Guo Tiankui , Chen Ming , Wang Jiwei , Zhang Yuanhang
Published: March 2023

The temperature of a deep shale reservoir may reach more than 100°C, and the effect of thermal shock on shale hydraulic fracturing has rarely not been considered in previous studies. Based on mesoscopic damage mechanics and the finite element method, a thermo-hydro-mechanical-damage (THMD) coupling model considering temperature, seepage, stress, and damage fields was constructed to investigate the effects of reservoir temperature, convective heat transfer coefficient ( h), in-situ stress difference and bedding plane angle ( αθ) on shale hydraulic fracturing. The results show that multiple hydraulic fractures (HFs) can occur under thermal shock and that HFs control the distribution of seepage, temperature, and stress fields. Reservoir temperature, in-situ stress difference and αθ are primary factors affecting hydraulic fracturing, whereas h is a secondary factor. When the reservoir temperature rises from 50°C to 150°C, the initiation and breakdown pressures decrease by 65.5% and 16.7%, respectively. HFs cross the bedding plane more easily, and fracture complexity is obviously enhanced. A higher h is favourable for slightly reducing the initiation and breakdown pressures, but it has little influence on the fracture complexity. Once the in-situ stress difference is low, there is a high fracture complexity, but HFs are more easily captured by bedding planes to limit the propagation of fracture height. When the in-situ stress difference is high, HFs are more likely to form bi-wing fractures. Whether αθ is too large or small, it is not conducive to improving the fracture complexity. In this study, when αθ is 30°, HFs and bedding planes intersect to form a fracture network. Essentially, thermal shock plays a key role in reducing the initiation pressure and forming multiple HFs during the fracturing process, and fracture propagation mainly depends on the injection pressure. The results can serve as reasonable suggestions for the optimization of shale hydraulic fracturing.
Erdheim–Chester Disease Involving the Left Uterine Adnexa: Mimicking an Ovarian Carcinoma Clinically
Authors: Zeng Ying , Wang Qianhui , Wang Xue , Jiang Xin , Yao Hui , Tang Xuefeng
Published: March 2023

Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) is a rare non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) that results in multiorgan disease involving the skin, bones, lungs, and kidneys. Female reproductive system manifestation of ECD was rare. Herein, we report a case of ECD involving the left ovary and fallopian tube. A 69-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain for 20 days. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a solid and cystic mass on the left pelvic cavity. Histological examination revealed ovarian and fallopian tube infiltration by abundant histiocytes, with single small nuclei and foamy cytoplasm, reactive small lymphocytes, and plasma cells. Based on histopathological and immunohistochemical findings of positivity for CD68, CD163, and BRAF V600E and negativity for CD1α and S100, the molecular finding of BRAF V600E mutation, the patient was diagnosed with ECD. Positron emission tomography examination did not reveal any other lesions. The patient recovered well 12 months after surgery without any treatment. ECD involving the left fallopian tube and ovary was rare and needed to be differentiated from LCH, Rosai–Dorfman disease (RDD), juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), IgG4+-related disease (IgG4+RD), and metastatic signet ring cell carcinoma.
Local Governments’ Adoption of Innovative Infrastructure Finance Tool: Evidence From Pennsylvania Municipalities
Authors: Ke Laiyang , Liu Shiqin
Published: March 2023

State Infrastructure Banks (SIBs) are established to provide low-interest loans and credit enhancements to assist local governments in financing transportation projects. SIB loans, one of their core products, are low-cost and low-risk when compared to traditional capital finance tools. However, SIB loans are still rarely used by local communities. This study investigates the determinants of local government adoption of SIB loans among Pennsylvania municipalities from 2008 to 2015. Using limited dependent variable models, we discover that infrastructure demands, prior experiences, and neighboring adoptions are all positively associated with municipalities’ likelihood of applying for SIB loans as well as the intensity of loan usage, whereas fund balance reduces the probability of applying for SIB loans. We also find that as fund balance increases, the positive impact of infrastructure demands diminishes.
Do Subnational Fiscal Rules Reduce Public Investment? The Case of Fiscal Responsibility Laws in India
Authors: Pathak Rahul
Published: March 2023

This article examines whether the adoption of deficit targets by subnational governments in India influenced the composition of public spending. Using dynamic panel estimations, this study finds that the adoption of fiscal responsibility laws (FRLs) by Indian states is correlated with improvements in their budget balances, but the same period also witnessed significant cuts in development spending. Furthermore, the states have reduced their capital expenditure and social sector spending after adopting FRLs, while the increases in tax and nontax revenues are insignificant. The subnational governments in developing countries that are adopting numerical deficit and debt targets should explore mechanisms to minimize the distortionary impacts of fiscal targets on the composition of subnational spending since reduced expenditure on development and capital projects may be counterproductive for fiscal sustainability in the long run as these expenditures tend to have significant positive externalities.