bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Optical tentacle” of suspended polymer micro-rings on a multicore fiber facet for vapor sensing
Authors: Liu Qiaoqiao , Zhan Yuxin , Zhang Siyao , Feng Shengfei , Wang Xinke , Sun Wenfeng , Ye Jiasheng , Zhang Yan
Published: March 2020

We designed a new type of gas sensor, an optical tentacle, made of highly integrated polymer micro-ring resonators in three-dimensional space on the tiny end-facet of a multicore optical fiber. Two pairs of three polymer micro-ring resonators were hung symmetrically on both sides of three suspended micro-waveguides as the sensing units. The micro-waveguides interlace to form a three-layer nested configuration, which makes the multicore optical fiber a “tentacle” for vapors of volatile organic compounds. Both experiments and theoretical simulation confirmed that the symmetrical coupling of multiple pairs of rings with the micro-waveguide had better resonance than the single ring setup. This is because the symmetrical light modes in the waveguides couple with the rings separately. All the optical micro-components were fabricated by the two-photon lithography technology on the end facet of multicore optical fiber. The optical tentacle shows good sensitivity and reversibility. This approach can also be adopted for sensor array design on a chip. Furthermore, optical sensors that can sense vapors with multiple constituents may be achieved in the future by adding selective sensitive materials to or on the surface of the rings.
Infrasonic performance of a passively stabilized, all-fiber, optical frequency reference
Authors: Bandutunga Chathura P. , McRae Terry G. , Zhang Ya , Gray Malcolm B. , Chow Jong H.
Published: March 2020

We report the infrasonic performance of a fiber optic laser frequency reference with potential application to space-based gravitational wave detectors, such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna. We determine the optimum cross-over frequency between an optical frequency comb stabilized to a Rubidium atomic reference and two passive, all-fiber interferometers interrogated using digitally enhanced homodyne interferometery. By measuring the relative stability between the three independent optical frequency references, we find the optimum cross-over frequency to occur at 1.5 mHz, indicating that our passive fiber frequency reference is superior to the optical frequency comb at all higher frequencies. In addition, we find our fiber interferometers achieve a stability of 20 kHz/

Hz

at 1.5 mHz, improving to a stability of 4 Hz/

Hz

above 3 Hz. These results represent an independent characterization of digitally enhanced fiber references over long time scales and provide an estimate of thermal effects on these passively isolated systems, informing future reference architectures.
Simple and fully CMOS-compatible low-loss fiber coupling structure for a silicon photonics platform
Authors: Maegami Yuriko , Okano Makoto , Cong Guangwei , Suzuki Keijiro , Ohno Morifumi , Narushima Toshihiro , Yokoyama Nobuyuki , Seki Miyoshi , Ohtsuka Minoru , Namiki Shu , Yamada Koji
Published: March 2020

A simple low-loss fiber coupling structure consisting of a Si
inverted-taper waveguide and a 435 nm wide and 290 nm thick SiN
waveguide was fabricated with fully complementary metal-oxide
semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible processes. The small SiN waveguide can
expand to the optical field corresponding to a fiber with a mode-field
diameter of 4.1 µm. The fiber-to-chip coupling losses were 0.25 and
0.51 dB/facet for quasi-TE and quasi-TM modes, respectively, at a
1550 nm wavelength. Polarization-dependent losses of the conversion in
the Si-to-SiN waveguide transition and the fiber-to-chip coupling were
less than 0.3 and 0.5 dB, respectively, in the wavelength range of
1520–1580 nm.
Controllable photonic and phononic topological state transfers in a small optomechanical lattice
Authors: Qi Lu , Wang Guo-Li , Liu Shutian , Zhang Shou , Wang Hong-Fu
Published: March 2020

We propose a scheme to achieve the photonic and the phononic state transfers via the topological protected edge channel based on a one-dimensional small optomechanical lattice. We find that the optomechanical lattice can be mapped into a Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model after eliminating the counter rotating wave terms. By dint of the edge channel of the Su–Schrieffer–Heeger model, we show that the quantum state transfer between the photonic left and the right edge states can be achieved with a high fidelity. Especially, our scheme can also achieve another phononic state transfer based on the same channel via controlling the next-nearest-neighboring interactions between the cavity fields; this is different from the previous investigations achieving only one kind of quantum state transfer. Our scheme provides a novel, to the best of our knowledge, path to switch two different kinds of quantum state transfers in a controllable way.
Phosphorus-free 1.5  µm InAs quantum-dot microdisk lasers on metamorphic InGaAs/SOI platform
Authors: Wei Wen-Qi , Zhang Jie-Yin , Wang Jian-Huan , Cong Hui , Guo Jing-Jing , Wang Zi-Hao , Xu Hong-Xing , Wang Ting , Zhang Jian-Jun
Published: March 2020

III–V semiconductor lasers epitaxially grown on silicon, especially on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform, have been considered one of the most promising approaches to realize an integrated light source for silicon photonics. Although notable achievements have been reported on InP-based 1.5 µm III–V semiconductor lasers directly grown on silicon substrates, phosphorus-free 1.5 µm InAs quantum dot (QD) lasers on both silicon and SOI platforms are still uncharted territory. In this work, we demonstrate, to the best of our knowledge, the first phosphorus-free InAs QD microdisk laser epitaxially grown on SOI substrate emitting at the telecommunications S-band by growing metamorphic InAs/InGaAs QDs on (111)-faceted SOI hollow structures. The lasing threshold power for a seven-layer InAs QD microdisk laser with a diameter of 4 µm is measured as 234 μW at 200 K. For comparison, identical microdisk lasers grown on GaAs substrate are also characterized. The results obtained pave the way for an on-chip 1.5 µm light source for long-haul telecommunications.
Zero-order-free meta-holograms in a broadband visible range
Authors: Fu Rao , Deng Liangui , Guan Zhiqiang , Chang Sheng , Tao Jin , Li Zile , Zheng Guoxing
Published: March 2020

The unwanted zero-order light accompanied by the birth of diffractive optical elements and caused mainly by fabrication errors and wavelength variations is a key factor that deteriorates the performance of diffraction-related optical devices such as holograms, gratings, beam shapers, beam splitters, optical diffusers, and diffractive microlenses. Here, inspired by the unique characteristic of nano-polarizer-based metasurfaces for both positive and negative amplitude modulation of incident light, we propose a general design paradigm to eliminate zero-order diffraction without burdening the metasurface design and fabrication. The experimentally demonstrated meta-hologram, which projects a holographic image with a wide angle of

70
°
×
70
°

in the far field, presents a very low zero-order intensity (only 0.7% of the total energy of the reconstructed image). More importantly, the zero-order-free meta-hologram has a large tolerance limit for wavelength variations (under a broadband illumination from 520 to 660 nm), which brings important technical advances. The strategy proposed could significantly relieve the fabrication difficulty of metasurfaces and be viable for various diffractive-optics-related applications including holography, laser beam shaping, optical data storage, vortex beam generation, and so on.
Xenopus laevis FGF16 activates the expression of genes coding for the transcription factors Sp5 and Sp5l
Authors: Elsy Michael , Rowbotham Abigail , Lord Hannah , Isaacs Harry V. , Pownall Mary E.
Published: March 2020

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) comprise a family of signalling molecules with essential roles in early embryonic development across animal species. The role of FGFs in mesoderm formation and patterning in Xenopus has been particularly well studied. However, little is known about FGF16 in Xenopus. Using in situ hybridisation, we uncover the expression pattern of FGF16 during early Xenopus laevis development, which has not been previously described. We show that the zygotic expression of FGF16 is activated in the mesoderm of the early gastrula as a ring around the blastopore, with its first accumulation at the dorsal side of the embryo. Later, FGF16 expression is found in the otic vesicle, the branchial arches and the anterior pituitary, as well as in the chordal neural hinge region of the tailbud. In addition, we show that FGF16 can activate the MAPK pathway and expression of sp5 and sp5l. Like FGF16, sp5 is expressed in the otic vesicle and the branchial arches, with all three of these genes being expressed in the tailbud. These data provide evidence that FGF16 is present in the early mesoderm and can activate the expression of developmentally important transcription factors.
Occurrence and seasonal variation of aflatoxin M1 in raw cow milk collected from different regions of Algeria
Authors: Mohammedi-Ameur Sarah , Dahmane Mohammedi , Brera Carlo , Kardjadj Moustafa , Ben-Mahdi Meriem Hind
Published: March 2020

Background and Aim: Aflatoxins are metabolites of molds that exert potentially toxic effect on animals and humans. This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in raw cow milk collected during 1 year (2016-2017) from different regions of Algeria and risk factors associated with the contamination.

Materials and Methods: During the survey period, 84 samples of raw milk were collected in three regions of Algeria (northeast, north center, and northwest) during four seasons. AFM1 levels were analyzed by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

Results: AFM1 was detected in 39 (46.43%) samples (total mean concentration, 71.92 ng/L; range, 95.59-557.22 ng/L). However, the AFM1 levels exceeded the maximum tolerance limit set by the Food and Drug Administration in the USA (500 ng/L) in only 1 sample (1.19%). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (p<0.005) between AFM1 levels in milk samples collected in the spring and autumn. The mean AFM1 levels in samples collected in the spring were significantly higher than those in samples collected in autumn.

Conclusion: The survey indicates that farmers involved in milk production should be made aware of the adverse effects of aflatoxin contamination in animal feed. A systematic control program of supplementary feedstuff for lactating cows should be introduced by the public health authorities.
Noncoding Microdeletion in MouseHgfDisrupts Neural Crest Migration into the Stria Vascularis, Reduces the Endocochlear Potential, and Suggests the Neuropathology for Human Nonsyndromic Deafness DFNB39
Authors: Morell Robert J. , Olszewski Rafal , Tona Risa , Leitess Samuel , Wafa Talah T. , Taukulis Ian , Schultz Julie M. , Thomason Elizabeth J. , Richards Keri , Whitley Brittany N. , Hill Connor , Saunders Thomas , Starost Matthew F. , Fitzgerald Tracy , Wilson Elizabeth , Ohyama Takahiro , Friedman Thomas B. , Hoa Michael
Published: March 2020

Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) is a multifunctional protein that signals through the MET receptor. HGF stimulates cell proliferation, cell dispersion, neuronal survival, and wound healing. In the inner ear, levels of HGF must be fine-tuned for normal hearing. In mice, a deficiency of HGF expression limited to the auditory system, or an overexpression of HGF, causes neurosensory deafness. In humans, noncoding variants inHGFare associated with nonsyndromic deafnessDFNB39. However, the mechanism by which these noncoding variants causes deafness was unknown. Here, we reveal the cause of this deafness using a mouse model engineered with a noncoding intronic 10 bp deletion (del10) inHgf. Male and female mice homozygous for del10 exhibit moderate-to-profound hearing loss at 4 weeks of age as measured by tone burst auditory brainstem responses. The wild type (WT) 80 mV endocochlear potential was significantly reduced in homozygous del10 mice compared with WT littermates. In normal cochlea, endocochlear potentials are dependent on ion homeostasis mediated by the stria vascularis (SV). Previous studies showed that developmental incorporation of neural crest cells into the SV depends on signaling from HGF/MET. We show by immunohistochemistry that, in del10 homozygotes, neural crest cells fail to infiltrate the developing SV intermediate layer. Phenotyping and RNAseq analyses reveal no other significant abnormalities in other tissues. We conclude that, in the inner ear, the noncoding del10 mutation inHgfleads to developmental defects of the SV and consequently dysfunctional ion homeostasis and a reduction in the EP, recapitulating human DFNB39 nonsyndromic deafness.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHereditary deafness is a common, clinically and genetically heterogeneous neurosensory disorder. Previously, we reported that human deafness DFNB39 is associated with noncoding variants in the 3′UTR of a short isoform ofHGFencoding hepatocyte growth factor. For normal hearing, HGF levels must be fine-tuned as an excess or deficiency of HGF cause deafness in mouse. Using aHgfmutant mouse with a small 10 bp deletion recapitulating a humanDFNB39noncoding variant, we demonstrate that neural crest cells fail to migrate into the stria vascularis intermediate layer, resulting in a significantly reduced endocochlear potential, the driving force for sound transduction by inner ear hair cells. HGF-associated deafness is a neurocristopathy but, unlike many other neurocristopathies, it is not syndromic.
Reinterpretasi Ḥadīts Perintah Memukul Anak
Authors: Jayanti Ferra Dwi
Published: March 2020

This article offers a new interpretation of Ḥadīth that allows parents to hit and accomplishes violence towards their children if the children do not do the prayer. It shows that the word ḍaraba (hit) in the prayer order does not mean violence, but education by wise and gentle. Therefore the word ḍaraba has real and metaphorical meaning. While the order for violence as stated in the Prophet Ḥadīths is connected to punishment (ḥad.) Moreover, the history proves that the Prophet never conducted violence in his life, neither to hit anybody, unless in the war and punishment.
Kritik Terhadap Pemahaman Ḥizb al-Taḥrīr Atas Hadis-Hadis Khilāfah
Authors: Mujiburrahman Mujiburrahman
Published: March 2020

Tulisan ini menunjukkan kekeliruan Ḥizb al-Taḥrīr dalam memahami hadis-hadis Nabi saw yang diklaim memberikan legitimasi menyangkut keharusan menegakkan khilāfah. Tulisan ini juga sekaligus mengafirmasi kesimpulan beberapa sarjana Muslim, di antaranya adalah Alī‘Abd al-Rāziq, yang menyatakan tidak adanya teks-teks suci keagamaan yang mendasari keharusan menegakkan khilāfah.Secara referensial, tulisan ini berangkat dari kajian terhadap literatur hadis.
Studi Living Al-Qur’an Pada Praktek Quranic Healing Kota Bengkulu (Analisis Deskriptif Terhadap Penggunaan Ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an)
Authors: Farhan Ahmad
Published: March 2020

Al-Qur’an adalah representasi dari penjelmaan pesan-pesan universal Tuhan kepada hamba, hadir dalam bentuk teks verbal yang teraplikasikan dengan simbol-simbol bunyi yang mewakili firman Allah swt kepada Nabi Muhammad saw dengan menggunakan bahasa Arab. Sebagai wahyu dan petunjuk hidup bagi manusia, setiap muslim harus membaca, mehamami isinya serta mengaplikasikannya dalam kehidupan. Pembacaan yang dilakukan tentunya akan melahirkan pemahaman yang setiap muslim satu sama lainnya cenderung tidak sama. Hal ini menjadi niscaya karena terkait perbedaan kemampuan dan intensitas dalam membacanya. Dari pemahaman yang berbeda tadi, masing-masing juga akan melahirkan perilaku yang beragam pula Studi Living Al-Qur’an pada Praktek  Quranic Healing  Kota Bengkulu (Analisis Deskriptif terhadap Penggunaan Ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an) sebagai bentuk tafsir al-Qur’an dalam praksis kehidupan, baik pada wilayah teologis filosofis, psikologis maupun kultural.
Integrating Qur’an and Science: Epistemology of Tafsir Ilmi in Indonesia
Authors: Supriadi Akhmad
Published: March 2020

This paper describes four (4) types of epistemology on tafsir ‘ilmi (science exegesis) in Indonesia, which four experts have explained their own epistemology and its relation between Al-Qur’an and science, are Nazwar Syamsu, Achmad Baiquni, Muhammad Quraish Shihab and Agus Purwanto. These experts are selected as subject of research based on an opinion if they respectively have represent their own epistemology which differs each other. Based on the result of study and analysis, although all are working to integrate Al-Qur’an and science, these four experts have different epistemic reasoning to understand and explain a relation among Qur’anic verses on science. Nazwar Syamsu’s epistemology tends to an Islamization or Qur’anization of Qur’anic verses on science so its interpretation which is sourced from Al-Qur’an and scientific theory tends to look for Qur’anic justification through scientific theory. Type of epistemology which is initiated by Achmad Baiquni tends to dialogue between Al-Qur’an and modern scientific theory, so it will result unapologetical Islamic science but integrative-interconnective. The type of epistemology initiated by Achmad Baiquni has a similarity with Agus Purwanto’s, while Agus works to elaborate his own epistemology of Islamic science. He puts Al-Qur’an ashypothesis base, not Islamization nor Qur’anization of Qur’anic verses on science. Muhammad Quraish Shihab with his background as expert mufassir (Al-Qur’an interpreter) presents Al-Qur’an as Islamic miracle holy book through identification of modern Qur’anic verses on science. Even if on the one side it seems apologetic, but science exegesis of Quraish Shihab has different way of interpretation, he puts the scientific verses into function as medium to know God’s Greatness and take lessons from each phenomena which is relevant to modern science.
Kelas Menengah Santri Dan Proses Demokratisasi di Indonesia
Authors: Darmaji Agus
Published: March 2020

The theory of the relationship between the middle class and democratization has been a serious discussion since the latter half of the 1950s when Martin Lipset tried to examine the relationship between the two to find out the main requirements for the realization and maintenance of democracy in a country. Since the Lipset period, the debate on the relation between the middle class-democratization can be divided into two mainstream approaches, namely unilinear and contingent.The first group that uses a unilinear approach has a theoretical basis for the theory of modernization. This group argues that when modernization occurs in a society, the level of income, education, socioeconomic mobility, and views on the values of freedom will also increase. These things are in turn believed to encourage the creation of democratization in a society or country that is not yet democratic, and at the same time can strengthen democratic institutions in countries that have implemented democracy as their state system. Hattori concluded that the presence of the middle class generally encouraged, even they became the main pillars of the movement towards democratization. In simple terms this unilinearist group wants to say that modernization in the socioeconomic sector will foster the middle class, which in turn will spearhead the realization of democratization in an undemocratic country. In short, according to this group the middle class is a major supporter of democratization and democracy in a country.The second mainstream is those who use a contingent or conditional approach. Unlike the first group which considers the causal linearity between social classes as a consequence of modernization and democratization, this second group assumes that the relationship between the middle class and democratization is actually a more dynamic relationship. Bruce Dickson, for example, argues that "democratization is not a natural consequence of class changes due to economic growth. It is more a result of a political process that is colored by conflict, negotiation, where in some cases it results in the opposite condition," for example returning to authoritarianism.
Membumikan HAM Mengikis Perbudakan (Kajian Mawḍû’î Terhadap Ḥadîts-ḥadîts Perbudakan)
Authors: Fatkhi Rifqi Muhammad , Lisalam Reva Hudan
Published: March 2020

Tulisan ini ingin memperkuat beberapa tulisan sebelumnya seperti milik Abdul Hakim Wahid dan Ahmad Sayuti yang membuktikan bahwa Islam sama sekali tidak mendukung perbudakan. Islam justru berperan sebagai pionir dalam mengikis dan menghapus perbudakan secara perlahan. Hal ini berseberangan dengan sebagian orientalis yang mengatakan bahwa Islam adalah agama yang mendukung adanya perbudakan.
Keadilan Sosial: Telaah atas Filsafat Politik John Rawls
Authors: Hasanuddin Iqbal
Published: March 2020

Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan Teori Keadilan dalam pandangan John Rawls sebagaimana tertuang di dalam bukunya, A Theory of Justice (1971). Penjelasan dimaksud terkait dengan asumsi-asumsi falsafi yang melatarbelakangi gagasan Rawls tentang keadilan sebagai fairness, yaitu: pandangannya tentang person moral yang rasional, bebas dan setara sebagai titik-tolak bagi filsafat moral dan filsafat politik.
Metode Pemahaman Hadis Ulama Mutaqaddimīn (Tinjauan terhadap Metode Pemahaman Ahli Hadis dan Fuqahā’)
Authors: Sinaga Hasanuddin
Published: March 2020

Factually, in practicing the word of God can’t be separated from the explanation or explanation of the hadith, because the Prophet did give the task and authority to give an explanation. Explanations and Answers from the Prophet. In discussions with the method of understanding the hadith, so far there are two models of flow, namely the flow of hadith experts (muḥaddithīn) and ra'yi (fuqahā’) experts. Both of these schools have different understanding methods for each other that need knowledge about them which is something that is very important and valuable.
Penafsiran Modern Ayat-Ayat Waris: Perbandingan Muḥammad Shaḥrūr dan Munawir Sjadzali
Authors: Piliang Muhammad Iqbal , Tsauri M. Najib
Published: March 2020

This paper discusses inheritance discourse based on verses of the Qur’an according to modern interpreters, Muḥammad Shaḥrūr with Munawir Sjadzali. Both interpreters are appointed because they can be considered to have tried in their respective contexts to answer the emergence of ambiguous attitudes in implementing inheritance law from Muslim societies. Muḥammad Shaḥrūr understands and applies it in a way that is different from the opinions and concepts, as seen in the 'four classical patterns of calculation' (al-amalīyāt al-arba 'fī al-ḥisāb) as well as in social aspects, such as the concept of patrilinialism in society and the spirit of kinship and family spirit and ethnicity which became the benchmark for the distribution of inheritance in the past century or in political aspects, such as overlapping concepts of inheritance law which confuse ownership, law and prophetic authority. From this there is a clear relevance between the boundary theory proposed by Shaḥrūr and the efforts to reform Islamic law which are expected to grow with justice and be able to answer the needs of the community. Whereas Sjadzali developed the concept of inheritance contained in the Qur'an, to look for the relevance of Islamic teachings to the times, especially in the context of Modern Indonesia. Since al-Qur'an is multidimensional, as hudan li al-nās, the concept of Sjadzali's inheritance law has its own value, namely by teaching the principle of equality as the division of men is twice as large as women is no longer relevant. He also did not explain the division of inheritors who have an upward line adequately. This is because Sjadzali only sees from the side of the historicity of the region as the birth of his 1: 1 inheritance concept, without regard to other aspects such as heirs and heirs.
Peta Perdebatan Akademik dalam Kajian Hadis
Authors: Wahid Abdul Hakim
Published: March 2020

Knowing the map of studies in science fieldwill make easier for researchers to conduct further studies. Therefore, in every scientific work, a literature study is required, because it can describe the academic debates between scholars on a theory, including in the hadith studies. This paper deals to map out the theories discovered by the orientalists and the rebuttal of scholars, systematically. The results of this study can be used by students of Islamic studies of hadith concentrationas a theoretical framework and as a reference in coursesof Western studies on the hadith.
Pemaknaan Qalb Salīm dengan Metode Analisis Semantik Toshihiko Izutsu
Authors: Fahriana Lukita Fahriana
Published: March 2020

The word Qalb Salīm contained in the Qur’an, often interpreted with the meaning of “a clean heart” by the commentators of the Qur’an. In fact, to express the meaning of a clean heart, the Qur’an has the equivalent own word that is “wa liyumaḥḥiṣa mā fī qulūbikum”. It makes the meaning of “a clean heart” is less appropriate to be used as the meaning of Qalb Salīm. Thus, in this paper will be carried out re-interpretation of the word Qalb Salīm with the use of semantic Toshihiko Izutsu. Through the semantic Toshihiko Izutsu, will be known about basic meaning of Qalb Salīm, relational meaning of Qalb Salīm, and changes meaning of Qalb Salīm that occurs from period to period (pre-Qur’anic, Qur’anik, and post-Qur’anik). In addition, it will be known also about the world view of the meaning of the word Qalb Salīm. So, it will be generated meaning of Qalb Salīm not only textually, but also contextually.
Penafsiran Ayat-Ayat Komunikasi Orang Tua dan Anak Perspektif Tafsir Sufi Al-Qushayrī
Authors: Mubarok Suliyono M
Published: March 2020

This paper discusses the interpretation of verses of al-Qushayrī’s parent and child communication perspective. The purpose of this discussion is to explore the variety of communication with the value of the akhlāqī sufistic message between parents and children who are the object of discussion. The objects of this research are the Prophet Ibrāhīm and Ismā’il, Luqmān al-Ḥakīm and his son, Ya’qūb, Yūsuf and his brothers, Nūḥ and Kan’an. The importance of revealing the side of Sufism, many Sufis interpret the Qur’an far beyond the reading of verses in an ancient way. Laṭāif al-Ishārāt one of them, this interpretation includes moderate sufistic interpretation which is not only based on the inner meaning (esoteric) of the verse, but also holds to the meaning of its birth (exoteric). The influence of Sufism has impli-cations in interpreting the Qur’an. Thus the Sufistic values that can be taken from the parent and child communication verses can be mapped as follows: The value of tawḥid, ṣabar, maḥabbah, murāqabah, raja’, riḍa, and tawakal.
Asketisme Semar: Pergumulan Agama-Sosial
Authors: Sungaidi Muhammad
Published: March 2020

Since prehistoric times ethnic and Javanese communities have been a religious and godly society. The divine value, monotheism, which is embedded in the spirit of Javanese people can be seen from cultural values, for example Wayang. Wayang as a medium for the cultivation of the divine spirit and social-society values cannot be separated from Wali Songo’s ingenuity, especially Sunan Kalijaga. Cultural values will be more easily accepted by the public if their delivery is subtle, persuasive and in accordance with the psychology of ethnic (Javanese) who prioritize subtlety of mind and taste. Some wayang figures who are quite familiar, favorite and have sacred value are Semar. Semar became the main character in everything, both as an ordinary figure and a role as a servant, state adviser and spiritual figure. In the wayang narrated that Semar always soothes and water the hearts of every human heart that is barren, restless, and far from God.
Perbandingan Timbulan Sampah Laut dan Daratan di Lokasi Wisata Berbasis Konservasi
Authors: Tassakka Muhammad Irpan Sejati , Muhammad Musrianton  , Alfi K. Admaja  , Indah Alsita  , Kezia Gloria Apriliana Runtu  , Normayasari
Published: March 2020

Waha Tourism Community (WTC) adalah objek wisata bahari berbasis konservasi dan dikelola oleh masyarakat. Peningkatan aktivitas wisatawan diprediksi dapat berdampak pada jumlah timbulan sampah. Selain itu, pesisir WTC juga sering mendapatkan sampah kiriman di laut pada waktu tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan jumlah timbulan sampah laut dan sampah daratan serta merekomendasikan alternatif sistem pengeloahan sampah berkelanjutan di WTC. Pengukuran timbulan dan komposisi sampah menggunakan metode CSIRO, sedangkan metode analisis menggunakan IWM2. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa timbulan sampah laut lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan sampah daratan dengan perbandingan 5:1 (45,8 : 9,1 kg/hari). Komposisi sampah laut terdiri dari 81,6% organik; 5,5% sterofoam; 3,1% plastik keras; 3,5% plastik lunak; 2,6% logam; 0,4 % kaca; 1,4% karet; 0,3% kain; 1,1% kertas; dan 0,5% lainnya. Komposisi sampah daratan terdiri dari dari 63,6% organik; 13,2% plastik keras; 9,9% plastik lunak; 2,2% logam; 2,2% kaca; 4,1% karet; 2,7% kertas; dan 2,1% lainnya. Berdasarkan komposisi sampah di kawasan WTC, maka sistem pengelolaan sampah yang paling sesuai yaitu proses daur ulang, pengolahan biologis, dan membawa residu ke TPA dengan efisiensi emisi udara dan pencemaran air masing-masing sebesar 1.570.398 gr CO2/tahun; 1.571.177 gr CH4/tahun; 34.601.010 gr GWP/tahun; 7.088 gr BOD/tahun; 12.146 gr COD/tahun; dan 792 gr SS/tahun.
Can fatigue predict walking capacity of patients with Parkinson’s disease?
Authors: CARVALHO Davi Vilela , SANTOS Renata Maria Silva , MAGALHÃES Helen Cardoso de , SOUZA Mariana Soares de , CHRISTO Paulo Pereira , ALMEIDA-LEITE Camila Megale de , SCALZO Paula Luciana
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Although fatigue is an expressive symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD), few studies have investigated the association between fatigue, mobility and walking capacity of these patients. Objective: To investigate whether fatigue is an independent factor associated with mobility and the walking capacity in patients with PD. Methods: Forty-eight patients with PD (22 with fatigue) were tested for mobility and their walking capacity: Timed Up and Go (TUG), 10-Meter Walk Test (10MWT) at usual and fastest speed, and 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Fatigue was measured with Parkinson’s Fatigue Scale (PFS-16). Linear regression analysis was used to investigate if fatigue is an independent factor contributing to variance in mobility and walking capacity. Results: There was a positive correlation between PFS-16 and TUG (rs=0.385; p=0.007). There was a negative correlation between PFS-16 and 10MWT at comfortable (r=-0.385; p=0.007) and fast speeds (r=-0.396; p=0.005), and 6MWT (r=-0.472; p=0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that fatigue did not explain the variance of TUG and 10MWT. PFS-16, age and section III of UPDRS explained 49.6% (adjusted R2; p<0.001) variance in the 6MWT, and fatigue was the most significant predictor (F=-32.1; p=0.022). Conclusions: Fatigue is an independent factor contributing to the distance covered during 6MWT in patients with PD. Our results highlight the importance of recognition and management of this symptom.
Análise de limites dos sistemas de contabilidade e controle para o enfretamento do problema da corrupção sistêmica no Brasil: lições dos casos da Suécia e da Itália
Authors: Garcia Leice Maria , Teodósio Armindo dos Santos de Sousa
Published: March 2020

Abstract This article seeks to understand the reasons for the persistence of corruption in the Brazilian federal government, despite strong public accounting and financial control systems in the country. More than two-thirds of the states in the world, including Brazil, face the challenge of plundering public finances by political, economic, and bureaucratic elites. In this context, the exclusive use of the dominant approach of economic theories for the structuring of public control systems is limited. It is more appropriate to consider corruption as a problem of collective action. Hence, the theoretical reference chosen includes Bourdieu’s theory of practice and Tocqueville’s and Ostrom’s collective action theories, as they have been understood respectively by Mungiu-Pippidi and Rothstein. The methodological strategy adopted is an exploratory analysis of the cases of contemporary day Brazil, based on the lessons learned from nineteenth-century Sweden, and Italy in the 1990s. The results indicated that overcoming systemic corruption requires more than control systems. It demands, at least, a trigger to disrupt the perverse social imbalance, institutional capacity to offer normative effectiveness and a cohesive and active civil society.
Reforma contábil do setor público na América Latina e comunidades epistêmicas: uma abordagem institucional
Authors: Neves Fabrício Ramos , Gómez-Villegas Mauricio
Published: March 2020

Abstract Latin American countries have undergone a growing interest in international accounting standards. Several countries are making progress in the adoption of international standards driven by different internal factors as well as external dynamics. The role of experts in the design of public policies associated with international standards has been studied by the epistemic community theory, which is the theoretical framework used in this study to address the influence of different international organizations on the adoption of IPSAS in Brazil and Colombia. This paper discusses the isomorphic institutional pressure exerted over the governments of these two countries in order to meet an international standard considered to be adequate. Meanwhile, the emerging trend towards the adoption of IPSAS in Latin America continues to grow, although some obstacles to achieving the goals defined in the reform arise.
A política nas políticas de acesso à informação brasileiras: trajetória e coalizões
Authors: Rodrigues Karina Furtado
Published: March 2020

Resumo Como as diversas iniciativas legislativas sobre acesso à informação no Brasil culminaram na aprovação da Lei n. 12.527 (Lei de Acesso à Informação [LAI], 2011)? A partir da abordagem de coalizões de defesa (advocacy coalitions framework - ACF), este artigo analisa a formação de agenda e a atuação de diferentes coalizões, por meio da análise de amplo clipping de notícias, entrevistas, leis e documentos publicados entre 2001 e 2012. Foram identificadas duas coalizões: a) uma a favor de mudanças na legislação, composta por setores do Poder Executivo, do Poder Legislativo, da mídia e da sociedade civil; e b) outra a favor da manutenção de regras restritivas de acesso à informação, composta por Forças Armadas, Itamaraty e Comissão de Relações Exteriores e Defesa Nacional (CRE) do Senado. Identificou-se, também, a superposição de dois subsistemas de políticas públicas: a) o de transparência; e b) o de reconciliação. Este último monopolizou o debate público sobre o tema, contribuindo para a morosidade na aprovação da LAI (2011). O Itamaraty também emerge como autor de forte lobby contra modificações nas regras de classificação de documentos, por motivos ainda a explorar em profundidade.
Construction of the financial inclusion agenda in light of the actor-network theory
Authors: Sela Vilma Meurer , Gonzalez Lauro , Christopoulos Tania P
Published: March 2020

Resumo Este artigo procurou compreender a atuação dos atores no processo de construção social da agenda de inclusão financeira no Brasil, utilizando a Teoria Ator-Rede (TAR) como lente teórica, visto que a formação da agenda pode ser compreendida como um contínuo processo de associações que envolve diferentes mediadores. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes das instituições envolvidas no processo de construção da agenda em tela, bem como de fontes documentais. A dinâmica do processo de construção da agenda de inclusão financeira foi analisada considerando os quatro momentos da translação (problematização, atração de interesses, recrutamento e mobilização) apresentados na literatura pertinente. Verificou-se que a agenda de inclusão financeira no Brasil é fruto de um processo incremental, que contou com a atuação de uma ampla gama de atores (do governo, do mercado, fomentadores e estudiosos e internacionais) e que foi influenciada por alguns elementos não humanos, destacando-se o Banco Central do Brasil (BCB) como ator focal do processo.
Absenteísmo de usuários como fator de desperdício: desafio para sustentabilidade em sistema universal de saúde
Authors: Beltrame Sonia Maria , Oliveira Adauto Emmerich , Santos Maria Angelica Borges dos , Santos Neto Edson Theodoro
Published: March 2020

RESUMO O absenteísmo de usuários em consultas e exames é considerado um problema mundial na assistência à saúde, gerando desperdício de recursos tanto no setor público como no setor privado. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de estimar o desperdício de recursos monetários vinculado ao absenteísmo em procedimentos especializados no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na Região de Saúde Metropolitana do Espírito Santo (RSM-ES) entre os anos de 2014 e 2016. Analisaram-se 1.002.719 procedimentos, sendo 666.182 consultas e 336.537 exames especializados. Os dados de absenteísmo foram retirados dos registros administrativos do Sistema de Regulação do ES (SisReg-ES), fornecidos pela Secretaria Estadual de Saúde. Os valores monetários foram obtidos por meio da Tabela SUS, da tabela complementar de convênios e da tabela de custos estimados, segundo o tipo de prestador envolvido no atendimento. A taxa média de absenteísmo para consultas foi de 38,6% (257.025 consultas), gerando um total estimado de R$3.558.837,88; e para exames especializados, foi de 32,1% (108.103 exames), em um total estimado de R$15.007.624,15. Os valores totais desperdiçados são significativos e evidenciam o desafio constante na agenda dos gestores na busca pela SUStentabilidade em sistemas universais de saúde.
Mortes maternas por aborto entre adolescentes no Piauí, Brasil
Authors: Nunes Maria das Dores Sousa , Madeiro Alberto , Diniz Debora
Published: March 2020

RESUMO Este artigo analisa as mortes maternas de adolescentes no Piauí e descreve as histórias daquelas que morreram por aborto induzido entre 2008 e 2013. O estudo foi realizado em duas etapas. A primeira, quantitativa, obteve dados demográficos e causas básicas dos óbitos do Sistema de Informações de Mortalidade. Na segunda, qualitativa, foram entrevistadas as mães das adolescentes. As mortes de adolescentes representaram 17,2% (50 casos) do total de óbitos maternos. A maior parte das jovens residia em cidades do interior (78%) e era negra (70%). Destacaram-se como causas dos óbitos transtornos hipertensivos (28%), infecção puerperal (16%), hemorragia (12%), tromboembolismo (12%) e aborto (10%). O uso de medicamento ocorreu em todos os casos de aborto, sendo sangramento abundante e dor pélvica os principais motivos para a busca de atendimento hospitalar. Houve demora no diagnóstico e no tratamento adequado das complicações do aborto, o que pode ter contribuído para a morte das adolescentes. As mortes maternas de adolescentes foram causadas por condições consideradas evitáveis. As histórias das jovens que morreram por complicações do aborto evidenciaram a necessidade de assistência em saúde rápida e disponível, além de leis e políticas públicas que protejam as mulheres que decidem interromper a gravidez.
Nutritive evaluation, metabolisable energy and digestible amino acid contents of different indigenous feedstuff for Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Bibi F. , Qaisrani S. N. , Akhtar M.
Published: March 2020

Abstract Three trials were executed to examine the nutritive profile, metabolisable energy and digestible amino acid (AA) contents of four indigenous feed ingredients including wheat (W), wheat middling (WM), canola meal (CM) and rapeseed meal (RSM) in Nile tilapia. Three samples of each test ingredient were collected from three different locations of Multan (MUL) and Sukkar (SKR), of Pakistan. The collected three samples were pooled thereafter to make a homogenous/ representative sample of each test ingredient from a particular study site. Nutrients composition, AA and energy digestibility of these indigenous ingredients were evaluated by using laboratory analyses and fish studies. Proximate analysis indicated variations in some of the nutrients due to location (p < 0.05). Differences were also observed in some AA including arginine, lysine, serine, cysteine, glutamic and aspartic acids, histidine, valine and glycine contents of these ingredients (p < 0.05). Digestibility of leucine, glycine and glutamic acid was higher (p < 0.05) in RSM from MUL. Among W samples from MUL, AA digestibility for lysine, threonine, and aspartic acid was higher (p < 0.05). Crude protein, arginine, alanine, serine, and aspartic acid had higher digestibility (p < 0.05), whereas digestibility was lower (p < 0.05) for threonine, valine and tyrosine in RSM from MUL. Metaboliseable energy contents did not differ among W, WM, CM and RSM regarding their origin (p > 0.05). The results indicated that nutritional profiles and their digestibility indices vary with the location for Nile tilapia.
Biological control in the germination of seeds from two species native of the Cerrado region
Authors: Oliveira J. C. , Sales J. F. , Rubio-Neto A. , Silva C. F. , Soares M. A. , Silva F. G.
Published: March 2020

Abstract Microorganisms have been efficiently used for the biological control of phytopathogens through the production of antimicrobial substances. However, the objectives of this work were: to study the germination of Butia purpurascens Glassman and Butia archeri Glassman seeds in different substrates, to select and identify the endophytic and rhizospheric bacterial isolates of B. purpurascens and B. archeri, and to perform antibiosis tests based on the isolated microorganisms of these tree species. No difference was found between the cultivation substrates for the percentages of germination, hard seeds, and fungal contamination in the B. purpurascens seeds. The Bacillus subtilis isolated showed the best capacity for suppressing the growth of the two deteriorative fungi tested in B. purpurascens seeds. No difference was found for inhibition of the growth of Aspergillus niger fungus (deteriorative fungus of B. archeri seeds) between the microorganisms with Bacillus sp. and Brevibacillus brevis compared to the control. In the microbiolization of B. purpurascens and B. archeri seeds performed with microbiological solutions produced from the endophytic and rhizospheric strains of Bacillus sp., no differences were observed in the percentages of germination and contamination by fungi. For B. archeri seeds, there was contamination by fungi and bacteria after one day of cultivation, primarily in the regions with lesions caused by the extraction and scarification process.
Efficiency of biological control for fall armyworm resistant to the protein Cry1F
Authors: Souza C. S. F. , Silveira L. C. P. , Souza B. H. S. , Nascimento P. T. , Damasceno N. C. R. , Mendes S. M.
Published: March 2020

Abstract Understanding the ecological and toxicological relationship between genetically modified cultivars (GM) and biological control agents is of great importance for discussions related to the compatability of GM cultivars and integrated management strategies for pest resistance. The present study evaluated the search behavior and predatory capacity of Orius insidiosus (Say) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) and Doru luteipes (Scudder) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) on eggs and caterpillars of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) resistant or not to the protein Cry1F expressed in Bt corn. To determine the search time, a stopwatch was run until the capture of the first prey, predation capacity was evaluated by counting the prey remaining after 24 hours of infestation. The injuries of S. frugiperda in genetically modified and conventional corn in the presence and absence of predators was also evaluated. The predators were not able to distinguish between resistant and susceptible prey (eggs or caterpillars), given the predatory behaviour observed. There was no difference in searching time or predatory capacity between the predators for eggs and caterpillars of either resistant or susceptible S. frugiperda. In the presence of predators, the injury scores for resistant S. frugiperda on the Bt corn plants were lower. It was concluded that O. insidiosus and D. luteipes did not notice the presence of the protein Cry1F in the prey S. frugiperda, which may facilitate the combined use of GM corn and biological control in integrated management programs and for management of pest resistance.
ERROR MANAGEMENT CULTURE SCALE: TRANSLATION AND VALIDITY OF A BRAZILIAN VERSION
Authors: PORTO JULIANA B. , PUENTE-PALACIOS KATIA E. , MOURÃO LUCIANA , SANTOS MARIANA M. , ARAUJO IVY F.
Published: March 2020

ABSTRACT Purpose: To provide evidence of the validity of a Brazilian Portuguese version of the Error Management Culture Scale. Originality/value: Errors are pervasive and cannot be entirely prevented, so it is essential to manage them so as to avoid the worst negative consequences. Error management culture is a set of organizational practices related to communicating about errors, sharing error knowledge, helping in error situations and detecting and handling errors quickly. There was no Brazilian questionnaire for measuring this concept, despite the importance of understanding how we learn from mistakes. Design/methodology/approach: The Brazilian Error Management Culture Scale was obtained by translation and back-translation procedures. An online and pencil and paper survey were conducted. A sample of 233 employees responded to the 17 items of the scale using five-point scales. Data on demographic and professional variables were also collected. Findings: Exploratory factor analysis and parallel analysis indicated a one-factor structure, but it can also be represented in terms of four facets of error management. The factor loadings ranged from 0.35 to 0.82 and Cronbach’s reliability coefficient was 0.94, which is consistent with the original study and with other studies using the scale. The results suggested the Brazilian scale will be useful in research and diagnosis. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings in different samples and its predictive validity should be tested to extend the evidence.
De la Mano Dura al Enfrentamiento Directo: vaivenes de las políticas públicas en El Salvador
Authors: Martínez-Reyes Alberto , Navarro-Pérez José Javier
Published: March 2020

RESUMEN Introducción: El presente trabajo analiza las cuatro principales políticas públicas de seguridad contra las pandillas en El Salvador: Mano Dura (2003-2004), Súper Mano Dura (2004-2009), Tregua entre pandillas (2012-2014) y Enfrentamiento Directo (2014-2019). El objetivo es identificar la influencia de estas políticas sobre la violencia. Materiales y Métodos: Se trata de una investigación cualitativa apoyada en 12 entrevistas y el relato de vida con las que se explora la responsabilidad gubernamental frente al problema de la violencia en El Salvador. El trabajo de campo se efectuó durante 7 meses, entre septiembre de 2016 y marzo de 2017. El tratamiento de la información se efectuó mediante software MAXqda 12. Resultados: El estudio constata 1) la influencia de las pretensiones electorales de los tomadores de decisiones en la elaboración de las políticas; 2) la poca planificación y discusión sobre el impacto de las acciones gubernamentales; y 3) el difícil escenario político y social que enfrentará El Salvador. Discusión: A partir de los resultados obtenidos y comparándolos con la literatura científica al respecto, se corroboran las aportaciones de los informantes que indican que las cuatro políticas implementadas han fracasado por la fragilidad democrática del país, las pretensiones electorales del partido político en el gobierno y por la poca capacidad de diseñar políticas públicas de calidad. Las cuatro políticas implementadas han tenido efectos contraproducentes y han permitido la expansión y reorganización de las pandillas y el recrudecimiento de la violencia.