bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A határőrség sorállományának utolsó évei
Authors: Fórizs Sándor
Published: August 2023

1998 áprilisában a határőrségtől leszerelt az utolsó sorkatona is. A publikáció az azt megelőző években a határőr sorállomány helyzetében bekövetkezett változásokat elemzi, és egyben bemutatja alkalmazásuk módosulását, fegyelmi helyzetüket, a bevonulás és szolgálatellátás újonnan jelentkezett problémáit, a tipikus rendkívüli eseményeket, a polgári szolgálat vállalásának helyzetét. Az érdeklődő olvasó megismerheti a határőrség nehézségeit a sorkatonák szolgálatellátása terén.
NATO-követelmények a rögtönzött robbanóeszközök elleni tevékenység (C-IED) kiképzésében
Authors: Bakos Tamás
Published: August 2023

Napjainkban, az aszimmetrikus hadviselés térnyerésével a terrorista csoportok legelterjedtebb fegyverei a rögtönzött robbanóeszközök (IED1). Az IED-k elleni védekezés, azalkalmazásuk elleni tevékenység (C-IED2) kiemelt feladattá vált a katonai műveletek tervezése és végrehajtása során. A NATO NSA3 2012-ben adta ki egységesítési irányelveit a C-IED kiképzési követelményeire vonatkozóan.4 A Magyar Honvédség még ugyanabban az évben elfogadta és bevezette az egyezményt, majd az ahhoz kapcsolódódokumentum5 a kiadás óta több alkalommal is felülvizsgálatra került és módosult. Célom egy, a NATO C-IED-képzésre, kiképzésre vonatkozó követelményekről szólóösszefoglaló készítése annak érdekében, hogy a tanulmány irányt mutasson a Magyar Honvédség C-IED-képzési, kiképzési rendszerének felülvizsgálatához és fejlesztéséhez.
A virtuális valóság technológia alkalmazásának lehetőségei a katonai készségfejlesztésben
Authors: Négyesi Imre
Published: August 2023

A változó fenyegetések és a gyors technológiai fejlődés mellett a társadalom jelentősváltozásokkal és kihívásokkal néz szembe. Kulcsfontosságú annak biztosítása, hogy azemberek rendelkezzenek a kihívások kezeléséhez szükséges készségekkel és képességekkel. Ennek egyik „eszköze” lehet a virtuális valóság (VR) alkalmazása. A VR-kutatóiközösség egyre aktívabban vesz részt a megoldások keresésében. Ebben a tanulmányban megpróbáltuk összefoglalni a VR-képzés alkalmazásának kihívásait és a már megvalósultmegoldásait, majd a cikk zárásaként felvázoljuk azokat a lehetséges jövőbelielképzeléseket, amelyek fejlesztésére szükség lesz a VR-képzések végrehajtása érdekében. A publikációban kiemelt figyelmet kapott a VR katonai felhasználási lehetőségeinek vizsgálata.
Kassa bombázásával kapcsolatos feltételezések, elképzelések egykor és ma, szlovák levéltári források alapján
Authors: Baucsek Csaba
Published: August 2023

Kassa bombázásával kapcsolatban az elmúlt 80 évben több elmélet és változat is napvilágot látott. Sorra véve a lehetséges verziókat, saját kutatásaim alapján igyekeztem minden egyes tézist abból a szempontból megközelíteni, hogy egyrészt az adott félképes lett volna-e egy légitámadást gyakorlati szinten végrehajtani, másrészt a szlováklevéltárakban végzett kutatásaim során, a dokumentumok között találtam-e Kassa bombázására utaló közvetlen vagy közvetett okot. Nem hagyható figyelmen kívül aza tény sem, hogy ezek a feltevések még további levéltári kutatásokat igényelnek.
Combat Training of the Assault Troops of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy
Authors: Mokánszki Zoltán
Published: August 2023

Most of the military thinkers in Austria-Hungary believed in 1914 that the new warwould be fought in the same way as the previous ones. They thought so despite thefact that local wars at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th centuryshowed otherwise. However, the proliferation of new, modern military equipmentand the unprecedented number of mass armies put the military perspectives in theFirst World War in a new dimension. The war of positions with its endless trenchesdemanded a transformation, and one of the many opportunities was the setting upthe stormtrooper units.
Как выглядит и меняется картина мира российских студентов? Тематическое моделирование текстов художественной литературы
Authors: Мальцева Анна Васильевна , Шилкина Наталья Егоровна
Published: August 2023

Картина мира российского студента, его специфические черты и динамика отражены в художественной литературе разных лет. Актуальная проблематика студенческой жизни, опосредованная мировоззрением современников и отраженная в тексте, позволяет увидеть место и роль студенчества в обществе, с другой стороны, – современные ему ценности, социальные ожидания. Художественная литература, обращаясь к актуальным ситуациям и выводя в качестве основных персонажей студентов, фиксирует ключевые социальные черты студенческой молодежи прошлых десятилетий, позволяя узнать о ее жизни и роли в обществе то, что нам сегодня недоступно в силу дефицита, а иногда и полного отсутствия ретроспективных социологических данных. Анализ проведен на основании вероятностного тематического моделирования текстов художественных произведений русскоязычных авторов конца XIX – начала XXI вв. (Ф.М. Достоевского, А.П. Чехова, Н.Г. Гарина-Михайловского, А.И. Куприна, В.В. Вересаева, В.А. Каверина, Ю.В. Трифонова, В.Д. Осипова, Ю.М. Полякова, А.В. Иванова; А.А. Десна, Т.Ю. Соломатиной и П.В. Санаева), отобранных по критериям жанра, времени написания, языка и сюжета. Исследование выбранных текстов дало возможность выявить динамику описания студенческой молодежи в социальных контекстах. Показаны некоторые объективно изменяемые и, наоборот, устойчивые компоненты картины мира студенчества разных лет. Картина мира рассматривалась многокомпонентно; ключевыми компонентами стали фигуры – центральные образы; фон – время, пространство; интенции – эмоции, мировоззрение, ценности, оценки. Методологическим основанием исследования картины мира выбраны понятия «интерсубъективность» Э. Гуссерля и «символический интеракционизм» Г. Блумера.Определены интерсубъективные черты картины мира студенчества разных исторических периодов – дореволюционного, в котором социальный статус студента и университетские интеракции являлись гарантией будущего благополучия; советского студенчества, где университет – это среда творчества, товарищества и личностного развития; позднесоветского студенчества, где университет – это научное интерактивное сообщество; а также постсоветского студенчества, где университет – среда, формирующая социальные связи. Получены интересные данные о символике цвета, речи, предметов быта, социального окружения и знаковых для студенчества фигур из числа выдающихся людей и художественных героев. Зафиксированы речевые символы высокой изменчивости родственных и  дружеских отношений, настроения, средового пространства, а также оценок и  ценностных суждений. Сделан вывод о ключевой роли неформальных университетских интеракций в формировании студенческой картины мира.
Модели коллективного поведения в России: прошлое (300 лет) и будущее
Authors: Миркин Яков Моисеевич
Published: August 2023

В статье проведен сравнительный (эскизный) анализ моделей коллективного поведения (англосаксонской, континентальной, российской). Демонстрируются особенности российской модели поведения и ответы, которые давало общество под стрессами, вызванными сверхконцентрацией власти в рамках психологической триады «Беги, замри, сражайся»; раскрывается рациональность коллективного поведения в России (XVIII–XX вв.). Также приведены доказательства возможностей изменения модели коллективного поведения при обновлении целеполагания и проведения реформ «сверху»; предложен сценарный прогноз моделей поведения/общества/экономики на горизонте в 10–15 лет. Помимо этого, обоснована перспективная модель («континентальная», «социальная рыночная») на более отдаленных временных горизонтах, целью которой являются увеличение ожидаемой продолжительности жизни (до 80+) и качества жизни в России, технологическая модернизация, сверхбыстрый рост экономики. Количественным базисом исследования стали международная база социологических данных “World Values Survey” и данные социологических опросов по России.
Компенсаторная функция религиозных институтов в институциональной матрице общества
Authors: Барахвостов Павел Александрович Барахвостов
Published: August 2023

Целью настоящей работы является доказательство гипотезы об имманентной компенсаторной природе религиозных институтов в социокультурной системе. Методологическую основу исследования составляет неоинституциональный подход, дополненный теорией институциональных матриц. Исследование показало, что религиозные институты в структурном отношении могут быть представлены как динамичное сочетание институциональных форм Х- и Y-типа. На протяжении истории их соотношение меняется: при смещении институциональных балансов в экономической или политической сферах в пользу излишнего доминирования институтов Х-матрицы религиозные институты усиливают в своей структуре формы, характерные для Y-матрицы, и наоборот. Вывод продемонстрирован российским и зарубежным опытом в эволюции религиозных институциональных форм. В допетровский период на Руси имело место доминирование религиозных институтов Y-типа, что проявлялось в децентрализации православной церкви, существовании вкладов и вкупов при поступлении в монастырь, отсутствии монашеских орденов с их жесткой системой управления. Тем самым религиозные институты компенсировали высокоцентрализованный характер русского общества, где доминировали институты Х-матрицы. Петровская реформа, направленная на перестройку религиозной жизни по западному образцу, деформировала компенсаторную функцию религии. Возникший социальный религиозный протест против «централизованного православия» вылился в распространение секты хлыстов, в экономическом, политическом и идеологическом отношении представлявшей собой организацию с доминированием Y-институциональных форм. В западноевропейских обществах с доминированием институтов Y-типа католическая церковь с ее жесткой иерархией и дисциплиной изначально обладала характеристиками, присущими социокультурным институтам Х-типа. Однако чрезмерное укрепление последних стимулировало появление религиозного движения катаризма (и его ветви – альбигойцев), обладавшего признаками институциональных форм Y-типа. С разложением феодализма и усилением централизации (укреплением политических институтов Х-типа) жесткая структура католической церкви ослабла и трансформировалась по Y-типу, что привело к появлению янсенизма, призывающего к укреплению институциональных форм X-типа в организации религиозной жизни. Таким образом, показано, что религиозные институты выполняют необходимую для устойчивого развития общества компенсаторную функцию, направленную на сглаживание возникающих институциональных дисбалансов.
Обретение «дома»? Дифференциация внутри миграционного потока как фактор, определяющий формирование идентичности мигрантов из Центральной Азии на Дальнем Востоке России
Authors: Бляхер Леонид Ефимович , Леонтьева Эльвира Октавьевна
Published: August 2023

В статье предпринимается попытка проанализировать проблему миграции в Россию изнутри, прорваться через сформировавшийся и во властном дискурсе, и в дискурсе общественном образ мигранта-гастарбайтера. Для решения этой проблемы авторы сосредоточиваются на особенностях социальной идентификации мигрантов из Центральной Азии на Дальнем Востоке России. Выбор региона исследования связан с тем, что сам Дальний Восток формировался как регион мигрантов, соответственно, в данном случае не  представитель принимающего сообщества (с самых различных идеологических позиций), но  мигрант или потомок мигрантов изучает миграцию. Тем самым оказывается возможным обрести пограничную позицию, позволяющую видеть и принимающее сообщество, составленное из «следов» миграционных потоков, и сами миграционные потоки, устремившиеся сегодня в регион. Выбор мигрантов-выходцев из новых стран Центральной Азии связан с тем, что именно этот поток относительно массовым стал только в последние десятилетия. Процессы трансформации идентичности (или отсутствия такой трансформации) для участников этого потока могут быть прослежены едва ли не в режиме реального времени. На основе собранного эмпирического материала (неформализованные интервью и наблюдение в Хабаровске, Владивостоке и Биробиджане) в статье выстраивается шкала, задаваемая, с одной стороны, стремлением максимально адаптироваться к новому пространству, с другой – сохранить значимые элементы этнокультурной идентификации, связанные с «точкой исхода». Указывается положение различных групп на этой шкале; выявляются и анализируются факторы, детерминирующие стремление войти в новое сообщество или сохранить прежнюю идентичность; описываются роль этнической общины в этом процессе, а также значение особенностей «точки исхода» (столичный город/сельское поселение), участие/неучастие в государственных программах по переселению. В статье также дается описание «ядра» этнической общины, выделяется особое значение трансмигрантов в осуществлении ею своей деятельности, анализируется особенность их социальной идентификации между «точкой исхода и прибытия».
Факторы развития негосударственного сектора социальных услуг в российских регионах
Authors: Архипова Елена Борисовна , Старшинова Алевтина Викторовна , Бородкина Ольга Ивановна
Published: August 2023

В статье проанализированы результаты исследования, цель которого состояла в выявлении и структурировании региональных факторов развития негосударственного сектора социальных услуг. Теоретическую основу проведенного исследования составили теории нового управления и социального партнерства; эмпирическую базу – статистические данные, собранные в 85 субъектах РФ. Для анализа были выделены 33 переменные, характеризующие внешние и внутренние параметры функционирования сферы социальных услуг каждого региона, в том числе показатели социально-экономического и демографического развития регионов, актуального состояния сектора социальных услуг и различных аспектов взаимодействий региональных органов управления с новыми поставщиками социальных услуг. Проведенный факторный анализ с помощью программы SPSS позволил определить группы факторов, оказывающих наибольшее влияние на развитие негосударственного сектора социальных услуг. Выделенные девять основных факторов были структурированы в две группы – внешние и внутренние. Внешние факторы связаны, в  первую очередь, с деятельностью федеральных и региональных властей по обеспечению благоприятных условий для развития альтернативных поставщиков социальных услуг (потребительский спрос на социальные услуги, ориентация региона на развитие социального предпринимательства, СОНКО и другое). Внутренние факторы определены деятельностью самих негосударственных организаций социального обслуживания (экономический потенциал негосударственного сектора социальных услуг, активность региональных НКО, деятельность инфраструктурных организаций на территории региона). Результаты анализа показали, что негосударственный сектор социальных услуг на данный момент развивается сверху-вниз и очень сильно зависит от социально-экономического положения субъектов Российской Федерации, региональной политики и ее стабильности. В заключении подчеркивается существующий потенциал негосударственного сектора социальных услуг, во многом связанный с профессионализацией организаций и внедрением современных моделей управления.
Highway carbon unlocking efficiency study based on super-efficiency SBM-Malmquist v1
Authors: Chen Yun
Published: August 2023

Carbon neutrality and sustainable development goals (SDGs), as new requirements for global development at this stage, have raised higher requirements for achieving the coordination of economic efficiency and ecological development of transportation infrastructure, especially highways. To promote the achievement of SDGs and carbon neutrality goals, this research intends to investigate the carbon unlocking efficiency of highways. In this paper, we take China as an example, use the data of 18 listed highway companies and their provinces from 2010-2019 to conduct the study, measure the static carbon unlocking efficiency by using the super-efficiency SBM model with undesirable outputs, combine with the Malmquist index model for the decomposition of the efficiency and the dynamic analysis, and use the Tobit panel model to analyze the factors affecting the carbon unlocking efficiency of the highway. The results show that (1) From a static perspective, the carbon unlocking efficiency of China's highways has been inefficient in general. (2) From a dynamic perspective, the carbon unlocking efficiency of China's highways shows a trend of decreasing first and then developing steadily, with noticeable differences between carbon unlocking in the East, Central, and West. The carbon unlocking efficiency change index is in the rising stage overall. (3)The regional economic level, industrial structure, and urbanization level have a significant positive correlation with carbon unlocking efficiency, while the level of scientific and technological development and the level of opening up have a negative effect.
Polymerase β Limits the Rate of DNA Single-Strand Break Repair
Authors: Pozdnyakov E.M. , Korneichuk A.D. , Rogacheva A.V. , Vasilev G.A.
Published: August 2023

Breaks that appear in DNA and violate its integrity are a serious threat to the life of the cell. There is a special repair system for their recovery, which includes many different enzymes. However, the exact mechanisms of this process are currently still unclear. In this article, we considered single-strand discontinuities based on the Michaelis–Menten equation and using the quasi-equilibrium approximation. A scheme of interaction between the mechanisms of the reparation system was developed and a computational model was built in the COPASI software to verify it. As a result of the work, the dependences of the concentrations of the participants in the repair system were obtained, and the known experimental data were also approximated. We observed that the plot with a logarithmic scale of fully corrected DNA concentration versus time is close to a sigmoid. We obtained that, the polymerase enzymatic reaction is the limiting factor for the rate of DNA repair and the rate of ligase operation is limited by the rate of DNA appearance. Being a regulatory link in the DNA repair system, polymerase and its parameters exert a control influence on the rest of the model parameters. In turn, the parameters for PARP1, PNKP, and LIG3α should provide rates of enzymatic reactions higher than the rate of polymerase operation.
Omaveloxolone for the Treatment of Friedreich’s Ataxia
Authors: Kessler Riley ,   Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Sharma Sonal ,   Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,   Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA, Lynch David R ,   Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA,   Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
Published: August 2023

Friedrich’s ataxia (FRDA), a neurodevelopmental and progressive neurodegenerative disease, is the most common inherited form of ataxia. Omaveloxolone was approved by the US Food and Drugs Administration in early 2023, making it the first treatment available to patients with FRDA. This approval was made possible by combining a compelling cellular mechanism and strong clinical evidence provided through the MOXIe study, the multipart clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of omaveloxolone in patients with FRDA. This review discusses the underlying cellular pathology and proposed mechanism of omaveloxolone in FRDA. The MOXIe study is presented in detail, including a discussion of the challenges faced in clinical trials in FRDA, and rare diseases more broadly. Finally, other therapies under investigation are reviewed briefly.
A Rare Presentation of Steroid-responsive Encephalopathy Associated with Autoimmune Thyroiditis with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms: A Case Report
Authors: Bhatele Prashant ,   Department of Neurology, Max Institute of Health Care, Delhi, India, Khanal Manoj ,   Department of Neurology, Max Institute of Health Care, Delhi, India
Published: August 2023

Background: Steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis (SREAT) is an autoimmune disease that appears as a fulminant, subacute or chronic course of altered mental status, often accompanied by seizures and myoclonus. This case report demonstrates that SREAT can be present with solitary neuropsychiatric signs long before seizures and myoclonus. Methods: A 42-year-old female presented with abrupt-onset whole-body myoclonic jerks. She had been suffering from depression for 15 years before being diagnosed with hypothyroidism. She was conscious, oriented and alert. At rest, all four limbs had multifocal mild-to-moderate myoclonus, which was significantly aggravated by muscle activation; her Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score was 21. Results: Antithyroglobulin and antithyroid peroxidase autoantibodies were both above 2,000 IU/mL. The thyroid-stimulating hormone level was 5.65 mIU/mL, free triiodothyronine level was 3.36 pg/mL and free thyroxine level was 1.02 ng/dL. Vasculitis profile and the serum test for autoimmune encephalitis panel were negative. Brain neuroimaging was normal. Pulse dose of methylprednisolone followed by oral steroids resulted in significant clinical improvement. Conclusion: SREAT can present with chronic neuropsychiatric symptoms with abrupt exacerbation of seizures and myoclonus. This case study emphasizes the importance of screening individuals with depression and thyroid problems for serum antithyroid antibody levels. In most cases, steroid treatment yields positive results.
Herbal treatment of hypertension: Literature review
Authors: Chelladurai Gurusamy , Akram Muhammad , Siddique Amna , Shahid Nimra , Kiraz Asli Ozturk , Selvi A.Anotony
Published: August 2023

Hypertension becomes the main reason behind various deaths. About twenty percent of the American population are suffering from hypertension & 1/3 of these Americans are unaware that they are hypertensive. Consequently, hypertension is sometimes known as a silent killer as well. Hypertension is mostly without any symptoms till the destructive consequences of high blood pressure like myocardial infarction, stroke, renal disorders & visual issues detected. It’s a major risk factor that describes the heart attacks and coronary artery disease which sometimes need coronary artery bypass surgery High blood is defined as constantly high bp increasing from 140/90 mmHG or even more than this, nowadays it’s a very common problem faced by almost everyone & almost billions of dollars are consumed every year to investigate the cardiovascular ailments and may dollars are utilized for their medication as well Because high blood pressure majorly causes cardiovascular & cerebrovascular ailments. Recently, Traditional medicine has managed little to decrease the patient ratio with this dangerous ailment. Natural remedies provide very useful ways to reduce the increasing patient ratio with hypertension. Taking Supplements such as, magnesium, omega3 fatty acids, CoQ10, potassium, amino acids & taurine, and vitamins C and E have been efficiently utilized in dealing with cardiovascular ailments involving hypertension. And these above-mentioned natural herbs prove to be effective against blood pressure and other cardiovascular ailments. This review highlight the herbs proved scientifically for the treatment of hypertension.
Ethnopharmacological review of anticancer activity of vinca and turmeric
Authors: Nerkar Amit G , Nagarkar Rushikesh P
Published: August 2023

Natural products with immunomodulatory effects are widely used in the treatment of many diseases, including autoimmune diseases, as well as cancer and inflammatory diseases. They have attracted great interest as therapeutic agents in recent decades because they offer inexpensive and less toxic products than synthetic chemotherapy agents. Immunomodulators are substances that have the ability to improve or suppress the host's defense response, which can be used for prevention and in combination with other treatments. The anticancer effects of these immunomodulators result from their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and apoptosis-inducing, anti-angiogenic and anti-metastatic effects. In addition to preventing tumor growth and proliferation, these natural immunomodulators, such as curcumin and Vinca, can also be used as a preventive treatment against cancer. In contrast, immunostimulants can induce and activate humoral and cell-mediated immune responses against the tumor, which facilitates the recognition and destruction of a pre-existing tumor.
Formulation and evaluation of herbal syrup of onion (Allium Cepa)
Authors: Nerkar Amit G , Pansare Ashutosh
Published: August 2023

A cepa or onion is the most edible vegetable throughout the world. It also has diverse pharmacological properties. It is a fibrous perennial plant belonging to the Amaryllidaceae family. Onions contain vitamins such as folic acid and vitamin B6. It also contains minerals such as magnesium, calcium, potassium, and phosphorus. It shows diverse pharmacological properties such as anticancer, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anticoagulant, antihypertensive and antidepressant and neuroprotective effects. It is believed to be a carminative and shows beneficial effects on circulatory and respiratory systems as well as the immune system.

Allium cepa finds its uses in cancer because of many stress conditions such as oxidative stress can be subsided by the Allium cepa extract and formulations. In this review, an attempt was made to formulate the medicated syrup of A. cepa. Four such formulations were made (F1, F2, F3, F4). The F4 formulation was optimized and was stable. The Formulation F4 can be adopted for preparation of A. cepa syrup on Industrial scale.
In vitro anticancer screening of herbal syrup formulation of turmeric extract
Authors: Nerkar Amit G , Nagarkar Rushikesh P
Published: August 2023

In continuation of previous research, the anticancer screening of formulation of Herbal syrup of Turmeric extract was performed. The formulation of herbal syrup was performed as per reported literature method. The anticancer cancer screening was performed on two Human cancer cell lines. These cell lines were Human Lung Cancer cell line A549 and Human Breast Cancer Cell line MCF7. The formulation was found to be devoid of anticancer properties.
In vitro anticancer screening of herbal syrup formulation of vinca extract
Authors: Nerkar Amit G , Nagarkar Rushikesh P
Published: August 2023

In continuation of previous research, the anticancer screening of formulation of herbal syrup of Vinca extract was performed. The formulation of herbal syrup was performed as per reported literature method. The anticancer cancer screening was performed on two Human cancer cell lines. These cell lines were Human Lung Cancer cell line A549 and Human Breast Cancer Cell line MCF7. The formulation was found to be devoid of anticancer properties.
Comparative Effects of Three Bleaching Techniques on Tooth Discoloration Caused by Tea
Authors: Panahandeh Narges , Mohammadkhani Shervin , Sedighi Shervin , Nejadkarimi Sogol , Ghasemi Amir
Published: August 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the impact of three different bleaching protocols on tooth discoloration caused by tea.
Materials and Methods: Forty extracted sound premolars were cleaned, disinfected, and their initial color parameters were measured (T1). The teeth were then immersed in boiled tea solution for 24 hours, and their color was measured again (T2). The samples were divided into four groups of 10 teeth each. Group A was treated with an in-office bleaching gel followed by 30 seconds of light curing. Groups B, C, and D were respectively treated with 0.24M oxalic acid followed by bleaching gel, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite followed by bleaching gel, and a combination of 0.24M oxalic acid, 5.25% sodium hypochlorite, and bleaching gel. The color was measured once more after the interventions (T3). Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA, paired sample t-test, and Tukey's test.
Results: The mean color change (∆E2) between T2 and T3 was significantly higher in group D compared to group A (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in color change between groups A, B, and C. Additionally, there was no significant difference in color change between groups B, C, and D. The groups also showed significant differences in ∆L (P=0.007), with the only significant difference found between groups B and C (P=0.001).
Conclusion: The combined use of sodium hypochlorite and oxalic acid followed by in-office bleaching gel is more effective than bleaching alone in correcting tooth discoloration caused by tea. This protocol can further reduce yellow coloration.
Effect of Cryotherapy on Fracture Resistance of Neoniti Rotary Instruments
Authors: Zadfatah Firouz , Galledar Saeedeh , Pourasgar Shahram , Fathiazar Alireza
Published: August 2023

Objectives: Nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary files were introduced to optimize root canal instrumentation in endodontic treatment. However, despite the numerous advantages of NiTi instruments, they may unexpectedly break during clinical use, resulting in obstruction of the root canal system. The current investigation aimed to assess the effect of cryotherapy on fracture resistance of Neoniti rotary files.
Materials and Methods: This in vitro, study was conducted on 20 Neoniti rotary files with #35 tip size and 6% taper in two groups with and without cryogenic treatment (N=10). For cryogenic treatment, the files were immersed in liquid nitrogen at -196°C for 24 hours. Next, the Neoniti files in both groups were subjected to cyclic fatigue testing in a hand-piece operating at 500 rpm with 20 N/cm torque. The files were rotated until fracture and the fracture time as well as the number of cycles to fracture were recorded for each file. The two groups were compared by independent t-test at 0.05 level of significance.
Results: The number of cycles to fracture was 235700±50649.22 in the control and 280600±22979.21 in the cryotherapy group. The mean fracture time was 471.40±101.29 and 561.20±45.958 seconds in the control and cryotherapy groups, respectively. Significant differences in both variables were noted between the two groups (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Based on our findings, utilizing cryogenic treatment may enhance the fracture resistance of rotary instruments, making it a beneficial practice for dental clinicians to adopt. By using cryogenically treated rotary instruments, clinicians can potentially reduce the risk of file fracture during dental procedures.
A Comparative Analysis of Staining Effects on Translucency in Two Transparent Retainers Exposed to Various Cleansers
Authors: Mirhashemi Seyyed Amirhossein , Nafisi Sarina , Bahrami Rashin
Published: August 2023

Objectives: Due to their aesthetic appeal and translucent properties, clear thermoplastic retainers have become increasingly popular. However, ensuring their proper maintenance and cleaning is a significant challenge. It is essential to prevent any negative impact of cleaning solutions on the translucency and color consistency of retainers. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the effect of different cleaning solutions on the light transmission (translucency) rate of two distinct types of clear thermoplastic sheets.
Materials and Methods: Two different clear thermoplastic sheets (Erkodent, Shodental), and five disinfectant solutions including chlorhexidine, Listerine, hydrogen peroxide, GUM whitening, and acid acetic served as the study materials and distilled water was used as control. The samples in each group (N=12) were immersed in the respective solutions for 15 minutes, twice a week and their light transmittance was measured using spectrophotometry after one and three months. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-way analysis of variance, with the significance level set at P<0.05
Results: Light transmittance decreased from baseline to 3 months for all study groups. After three months, the lowest translucency was related to retainers manufactured with Erkodent sheets, cleaned with GUM whitening (74.11±10.72%). The highest translucency after this period was found in retainers prepared with Shodental sheets immersed in Listerine mouthwash (88±1.55%). Only retainers treated with hydrogen peroxide showed significant difference between the thermoplastic sheets, which was higher in Erkodent (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Our findings indicated that among the studied solutions, cleaning translucent retainers with Listerine mouthwash twice a week has the least effect on light transmission.
A New Family of Time Series to Model the Decreasing Relative Increment of Spreading of an Outbreak
Authors: Jamshidi Babak , Bekrizadeh Hakim , Zargaran Shahriar Jamshidi , Rezaei Mansour
Published: August 2023

Introduction: There are different mathematical models describing the propagation of an epidemic. These models can be divided into phenomenological, compartmental, deep learning, and individual-based methods. From other viewpoints, we can classify them into macroscopic or microscopic, stochastic or deterministic, homogeneous or heterogeneous, univariate or multivariate, parsimonious or complex, or forecasting or mechanistic. This paper defines a novel univariate bi-partite time series model able to describe spreading a communicable infection in a population in terms of the relative increment of the cumulative number of confirmed cases. The introduced model can describe different stages of the first wave of the outbreak of a communicable disease from the start to the end.
Results: We use it to describe the propagation of various disease outbreaks, including the SARS (2003), the MERS (2018), the Ebola (2014-2016), the HIV/AIDS (1990-2018), the Cholera (2008-2009), and the COVID-19 epidemic in Iran, Italy, the UK, the USA, China and four of its provinces; Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, and Hubei (2020). In all mentioned cases, the model has an acceptable performance. In addition, we compare the goodness of this model with the ARIMA models by fitting the propagation of COVID-19 in Iran, Italy, the UK, and the USA.
Conclusion: The introduced model is flexible enough to describe a broad range of epidemics. In comparison with ARIMA time series models, our model is more initiative and less complicated, it has fewer parameters, the estimation of its parameters is more straightforward, and its forecasts are narrower and more accurate. Due to its simplicity and accuracy, this model is a good tool for epidemiologists and biostatisticians to model the first wave of an epidemic.
An Integrative Bayesian Model Analysis of Patient Characteristics and Treatment Variables to Understand Lung Cancer Survival Rates in Kerman Province, Iran
Authors: Ghasemi Javad , Fekri Mitra Samareh , Larizadeh Mohammad Hasan , Dabiri Shahriar , Jahani Yunes
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Lung cancer (LC) is the most common type of cancer and causes of death among males. This study aims to estimate the survival rate of lung cancer patients by employing the benefits of Bayesian modeling in determining factors affecting the survival of lung cancer in Kerman province, Iran.
Methods: We conducted a historical cohort study of 195 patients with lung cancer from 2016 to 2018. In this study, we used linear dependent Dirichlet process (LDDP), and employed some results of the previous study as informative prior for better estimation.
Results: Of the 195 patients, 160 died. The mean age of patients at the time of diagnosis was 62.43±12.55. The median survival time of patients was 10.4 months. Men accounted for 75.9% of the total patients. One, two, and three-year survival rate was 44.5%, 22.9%, and 16.4%, respectively. The multivariable model results showed that treatments were significant. Other variables had no significant effect.
Conclusion: Our study highlights the importance of prompt diagnosis and appropriate treatment in improving the survival rate of lung cancer patients. We found that patients who received at least one usual lung cancer treatment, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, or surgery, had higher survival rates compared to those who did not receive any treatment. While our study has some limitations, such as its retrospective design, our use of Bayesian modeling techniques allowed us to effectively incorporate prior information from previous studies to improve estimation accuracy.
The Association between Dietary Antioxidant Indices and Cardiac Disease: Baseline Data of Kharameh Cohort Study
Authors: Keshani Parisa , Jalali Maryam , Johari Masoumeh Ghoddusi , Rezaeianzadeh Ramin , Hosseini Seyed Vahid , Rezaianzadeh Abbas
Published: August 2023

Introduction: Oxidative stress contributes to the development of cardiovascular disease. Tools for evaluating the anti-inflammatory and antioxidative characteristics of an individual’s diet as a whole may be valuable for assessing the combined effects of dietary antioxidants on health. This population-based study aimed to investigate the association between dietary antioxidants and cardiac disease.
Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, 10439 individuals aged 40-70 years were recruited during 2014-2017 in Kherameh cohort study which is a part of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies in Iran (PERSIAN). The food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) with 130 food items was used to assess the dietary intakes. Vitamin A, E, C, selenium, zinc and Manganese intakes were used to compute dietary antioxidant index (DAI) and dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQs). Chi-square and independent sample T-test was used for comparing qualitative and quantitative variables between the groups respectively Logistic regression analysis was applied for evaluating the association between cardiac disease, DAI and DAQS score after adjusting for covariates.
Results: The participants’ mean age was 52.1±8.3 years. Among all, 4356 (41.7%) were overweight and 1892 (18.1%) were obese. According to the results, odds of cardiac diseases decreased by increasing DAI score (OR=0.80, P value<0.001), Odds of cardiac diseases increased by lower DAQS after adjusting for demographic variables including age, sex, BMI, Marital status and hypertension (OR=0.799, P value=0.002).
Conclusion: The role of anti-oxidants in reducing the odds of cardiovascular disease is very important. Our results highlighted that DAQS and DAI had protective effect on the odds of cardiovascular disease. Therefore, it is suggested that anti-oxidants as zinc, manganese, selenium, and vitamins A, E and C should be taken through food to reduce the risk of the disease.
A 5-Year Retrospective Analysis of Antibiotic Utilisation Pattern by AWaRe Classification in Qatar
Authors: Sathish Divya , Nowfal Asifa
Published: August 2023

Background: To analyse the trend and pattern of antibiotic consumption rates over a period of five years in a secondary care hospital in Qatar. Consumption of antibiotics is a crucial factor in the evaluation of antibiotic usage.
Methods: To measure and compare a five-year antibiotic consumption trend in inpatient department wards using Defined Daily Dose (DDD) per 100 bed days (DDD/100-BD). Antibiotics dispensed between January 2018 and December 2022 were evaluated. Data collection was done using Microsoft Excel. The analysis was done using the World Health Organization (WHO) AWaRe classification of antibiotics.
Results: The analysis showed that antibiotic consumption significantly increased from 2018 (4.11 DBD) to 2020 (15.55 DBD) and then sustained thereafter. Widely used antibiotic belongs to the third generation cephalosporins which is under Watch class of antibiotics. Ceftriaxone, cefuroxime, and amoxicillin clavulanate were the most consumed antibiotics in the hospital throughout the study period at 53.92 DBD, 32.22 DBD and 21.65 DBD respectively.
Conclusion: Establish benchmarking at the facility level. We observed the use of ceftriaxone is more as surgical prophylaxis, which is a Watch group of antibiotics, however there is zero use of restricted antimicrobials. Increase in parenteral fluroquinolone especially levofloxacin needs monitoring, which is not included in WHO essential list of medication. There is a scope to measure the appropriateness of antibiotics, as well as the duration of therapy. The goal of WHO Target ≥60% of total antibiotic consumption being Access group antibiotics can be used as an index to analyse the comparative use Watch and Access group of antibiotics.
The Comparative Efficacy of Tea Tree Oil Body Wash versus Chlorhexidine Body Wash to Prevent Colonization with Methicillin-Resistant Staphylo-coccus Aureus in a Pediatric Unit
Authors: Rahbari Solmaz , Rajabi Mehdi , Pournasiri Zahra
Published: August 2023

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) stands for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria that is resistant to several antibiotics. Non-intact skin, such as when there are abrasions or incisions, is often the site of an MRSA infection. MRSA has become endemic in hospitals over the past years. The current recommendation for MRSA decolonization is to use a daily chlorohexidine skin wash for five days. Tea Tree Oil (TTO) can also be considered for the eradication of MRSA on the skin. However, no study has evaluated the TTO potential for MRSA decolonization in hospitalized children.
Methods:In this single-center, comparative prospective, open-label clinical trial, the effect of TTO body wash on MRSA decolonization was compared to that of chlorhexidine body wash at Loghman-e-Hakim Hospital (Tehran, Iran). Several samples were taken from the catheter sites of children for MRSA detection. Patients were assigned to receive either TTO or chlorhexidine. After five days of applying the solutions, resampling was conducted to assess the colonization of MRSA.
Results: Both TTO and chlorhexidine groups showed favorable results for MRSA decolonization. From 382 patients, 91 were MRSA-positive (about 23.82%), and of these 91 patients, 41 (45%) were female and 59 (55%) were male. The mean ± SD of the growth inhibition zone against MRSA was 19.20 ± 3.73 and 33.41 ± 9.53 for chlorhexidine and TTO, respectively.
Conclusion: TTO body wash proved to be more effective than chlorhexidine in MRSA decolonization in hospitalized children. Implementation of such decolonization can improve patients’ outcomes and prevent MRSA transmission.
Knowledge, Attitude and Practice on Biologicals and Biosimilars among Clinicians in Radiotherapy Department
Authors: Agrawal Manju , Mishra Shantanu , Nayak Geetika , Aggarwal Divish , Joshi Usha
Published: August 2023

Background: The decoding of human genome helped to design pharmacological agents like Biologicals and Biosimilars which can target the affected etiological aberrations. Biological agents are large complex molecules produced by recombinant techniques in a living system for therapeutic or diagnostic uses and have revolutionized treatment of many diseases. Patent expiry of Biologicals has led to the development of Biosimilars which are similar in efficacy & safety and have no clinically meaningful differences, but are not identical to Biologicals and undergo fewer clinical trials than their reference biologicals. Clinicians’ in- depth knowledge of these agents is important to optimize the use of cost-effective & easily accessible options.

Methods: This is a cross sectional observational study conducted between Feb-March 2020 in Radiotherapy/ Chemotherapy Oncology Department of Dr B.R.A.M. Hospital & Pt. J. N. M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, using a self-administered, structured questionnaire consisting of 15-question among 30 clinicians prescribing Biologicals and Biosimilars.

Results: 83.3% of clinicians were familiar with the term ‘Biologicals’ & ‘Biosimilars’. 60% believed that Biosimilars are same as Generic Medicines and have the same potency as Biologicals. 53% assumed that Biologicals & Biosimilars can be switched. 50% were able to explain the difference or similarity between Biologicals and Biosimilars.

Conclusion: The findings reveal that the clinicians had good knowledge about Biologicals and Biosimilars but lacked application of this knowledge in clinical practice. This highlights a need for regular educational initiative to reduce the knowledge deficit & its application in clinical practice. Further, there must be a National Treatment Guidelines on use of Biologicals and Biosimilars.
Analytical Study of a Case Series Of Vancomycin Associated Adverse Drug Reactions In Paediatric Population at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Brief Report
Authors: Fernandes Madeline , Daswani Bharti , Aringale Vrushali , Kinikar Aarti
Published: August 2023

Background: Red man syndrome (RMS) is frequently reported from pediatric ward in patients receiving vancomycin, at the medical store of SGH, Pune. Though common in pediatric patients, not all patients receiving vancomycin developed Red man syndrome. Hence, this study was done to analyse the demographic, pathophysiological, and pharmacological aspects of the subject who experience adverse drug reactions with vancomycin and to determine if this predisposition is associated with any of these factors.
Methods: All adverse drug reactions (ADR) to injection vancomycin in the pediatric ward that were reported from April 2018 - January 2022 were included. Controls were a similar number of randomly selected pediatric cases from the same ward who had received Intravenous vancomycin during the same period but did not experience the adverse drug reactions
Results: The mean age was 29.91 ± 34.87 months in subjects who experienced ADR and 57.37 ± 41.58 months, in non-ADR group (p=0.0286). 37.4% were infants, 29.69% toddlers in ADR Group. Seventy four percent of patients who manifested with ADR were below age of 3 compared to barely 38% in controls (p=0.03). 66.6% were malnourished in the ADR group compared to 27.6% in controls (p=0.007). There was no association between the ADR and ethnicity, religion, gender, diagnosis, co-morbidities, co-administered drugs, or administered dose of vancomycin among the children. There was no apparent seasonal variation in occurrence of the ADR.
Conclusion: RMS is more common in paediatric population than adults and is usually uneventful. Around 75% of the reactions occur within first 4 days of start of Vancomycin and usually occurs within 30 min of the preceding dose. Younger age groups (infants) and malnourishment were the two factors significantly associated with occurrence of RMS. We may also consider using lower than conventional doses and much slower infusions in such at-risk population.
A Cost Variation Analysis of Oral Contraceptive Pills Available in the Indian Market
Authors: Subbarayappa Priyanka , Bovi Chethan
Published: August 2023

Background: Oral Contraceptive Pills (OCPs) are highly effective contraceptives if used regularly and adequately, and they also have added non-contraceptive benefits. This gives way to their increasing use in recent years, which has led to the introduction of numerous brands of drugs with different costs in the Indian market. Hence the current study was conducted to analyze the cost ratio and cost variation of different brands of OCPs available in the Indian market and to compare the cost of branded and generic drugs.
 Materials and Methods: The cost of the drugs was obtained from the Current Index of Medical Specialties (CIMS) - 44th Year April – July 2022 and from the website https://www.mims.com/india/. The Cost Ratio (CR) and Percentage Cost Variation (CV) was calculated. The cost of generic drugs was obtained from the website http://janaushadhi.gov.in/SortingView.aspx.
Results: 124 brands of various OCPs were available in the Indian market. Among all the regular OCPs available, the CR and CV were highest for Ormeloxifene 30mg at 10.19 and 919.4%, respectively, and they were lowest for Dienogest +Ethinylestradiol which comes under combined OCPs with the results of 1.007 and 0.73% respectively. The cost of all generic OCPs was lesser when compared with brand OCPs, and the difference in cost was maximum for Ulipristal.
 Conclusion: There is wide variation in the cost of Oral Contraceptive Pills available in the Indian market, and the cost of brand drugs is higher than their generic counterparts. Physicians have to be made aware of this price difference so that they can prescribe drugs that are more affordable to the patients to improve their adherence to the regimen.