bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video Tutorials to Empower Caregivers of Ill Children and Reduce Health Care Utilization
Authors: Borch-Johnsen Liv , Gren Caroline , Lund Stine , Folke Fredrik , Schrøder Morten , Frederiksen Marianne Sjølin , Lippert Freddy , Ersbøll Annette Kjær , Greisen Gorm , Cortes Dina
Published: October 2023

Importance

Young children often fall ill, leading to concern among their caregivers and urgent contact with health care services.

Objective

To assess the effectiveness and safety of video tutorials to empower caregivers in caring for acutely ill children.

Design, Setting, and Participants

Caregivers calling the out-of-hours Medical Helpline 1813 (MH1813), Emergency Medical Services Capital Region, Denmark, and their children aged 0.5 to 11.9 years were randomized to video tutorials (intervention) or telephone triage by a nurse or physician (control) from October 2020 to December 2021 and followed up for 72 hours blinded to the intervention. Data were analyzed from March to July 2022.

Intervention

The intervention group had the call disconnected before telephone triage and received video tutorials on managing common symptoms in acutely ill children and when to seek medical help. Caregivers could subsequently call MH1813 for telephone triage.

Main outcomes and measures

The primary outcome was caregivers’ self-efficacy, reported in an electronic survey the following day. Secondary outcomes were satisfaction, child status, assessment by a general practitioner or physician at the hospital, telephone triage, and adverse events during the 72-hour follow-up period.

Results

In total, 4686 caregivers and children were randomized to intervention (2307 participants) or control (2379 participants), with a median (IQR) child age of 2.3 (1.3-5.1) years and 53% male distribution in both groups (2493 participants). Significantly more caregivers in the intervention group reported high self-efficacy (80% vs 76%; crude odds ratio [OR], 1.30; 95% CI, 1.01-1.67; P = .04). The intervention group received fewer telephone triages during follow-up (887 vs 2374 in the control group). Intention-to-treat analysis showed no difference in secondary outcomes, but per-protocol subanalysis showed fewer hospital assessments when caregivers watched video tutorials (27% vs 35%; adjusted OR, 0.67; 95% CI, 0.55-0.82). Randomization to video tutorials did not increase adverse outcomes.

Conclusions and relevance

In this randomized clinical trial, offering caregivers video tutorials significantly and safely increased self-efficacy and reduced use of telephone triage. Children had fewer hospital assessments when caregivers watched videos. This suggests a future potential of health care information to empower caregivers and reduce health care utilization.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04301206
Practical challenges in data‐driven interpolation: Dealing with noise, enforcing stability, and computing realizations
Authors: Aumann Quirin , Gosea Ion Victor
Published: October 2023

In this contribution, we propose a detailed study of interpolation‐based data‐driven methods that are of relevance in the model reduction and also in the systems and control communities. The data are given by samples of the transfer function of the underlying (unknown) model, that is, we analyze frequency‐response data. We also propose novel approaches that combine some of the main attributes of the established methods, for addressing particular issues. This includes placing poles and hence, enforcing stability of reduced‐order models, robustness to noisy or perturbed data, and switching from different rational function representations. We mention here the classical state‐space format and also various barycentric representations of the fitted rational interpolants. We show that the newly‐developed approaches yield, in some cases, superior numerical results, when comparing to the established methods. The numerical results include a thorough analysis of various aspects related to approximation errors, choice of interpolation points, or placing dominant poles, which are tested on some benchmark models and data‐sets.
Biohybrid Magnetically Driven Microrobots for Sustainable Removal of Micro/Nanoplastics from the Aquatic Environment
Authors: Peng Xia , Urso Mario , Kolackova Martina , Huska Dalibor , Pumera Martin
Published: October 2023

The proliferation of micro/nanoplastics derived from the fragmentation of plastic waste released in the environment represents an increasingly alarming issue with adverse implications for aquatic ecosystems worldwide. Conventional approaches for mitigating such contamination are inadequate in removing plastic fragments with exceptionally tiny sizes. Therefore, it is highly urgent to develop efficient strategies to address the threats posed by micro/nanoplastics. Here, biohybrid microrobots, integrating the magnetic properties of Fe3O4 nanoparticles, are investigated for the dynamic removal of micro/nanoplastics from various aquatic environments via high‐precision magnetic actuation and reliable electrostatic interactions. After the surface decoration with Fe3O4 nanoparticles, algae cells can achieve precise locomotion and wireless manipulation by regulating an external magnetic field. Taking advantage of this active movement, magnetic algae robots (MARs) display considerable capture and removal efficiencies for micro/nanoplastics in water with extensive application scenarios. The reusability of MARs is also investigated, proving great recyclable performance. The growth and cell viability experiments elucidate that the presence of Fe3O4 nanoparticles may result in hormesis stimulation of algae growth. Such recyclable microrobots with eco‐friendly and low‐cost characteristics offer an attractive strategy for sustainably tackling micro/nanoplastics pollution.
Deposition Mode Design of Li2S: Transmitted Orbital Overlap Strategy in Highly Stable Lithium‐Sulfur Battery
Authors: Tian Shuhao , Liu Guo , Xu Shengxin , Han Cong , Tao Kun , Huang Juanjuan , Peng Shanglong
Published: October 2023

Serious lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) shuttle effect and slow kinetic process lead to poor cycle performance and low working efficiency of lithium‐sulfur battery (Li‐S battery), which limits its commercialization. In this paper, a composite frame with transmitted orbital overlap is proposed as the functionalized separator of Li‐S battery (MX@WSSe/PP). It consists of WSSe nanosheets and MXenes nanosheets (MX). The experiments and theoretical calculations both show that MX@WSSe/PP can not only inhibit the LiPSs shuttle effect to realize the effective utilization of cathode materials, but also enhance the overall reversibility and reaction kinetics of the device by transforming the 2D deposition mode of Li2S into 3D mode. The transformation of Li2S deposition mode comes from the changed local charge density on MX@WSSe composite surface, which regulates the filling state of electron orbits and affects the orbital overlap between different atoms. This effect can even be transmitted to Li2S molecules far from the surface of MX@WSSe. The capacity decay per cycle of Li‐S battery with MX@WSSe/PP is only 0.016% in 1000 cycles at 2 C. Also, a high area capacity of 9.39 mAh cm−2 is achieved at high sulfur loading (10.2 mg cm−2) and low electrolyte/sulfur ratio (7.5 µL mg−1).
Active Site Tailoring of Ni‐Based Coordination Polymers for High‐Efficiency Dual‐Functional HER and UOR Catalysis
Authors: Liu Mengying , Zou Wenhong , Qiu Silong , Su Nan , Cong Jing , Hou Linxi
Published: October 2023

Ni‐based electrocatalysts are regarded as highly promising ones for urea‐assisted electrolytic water hydrogen production technology. However, during the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) process, their activity is significantly constrained by the unavoidable Ni species self‐oxidation reaction, and the harmful liquid‐phase products (NOx−) generated from over‐oxidize urea are also often neglected. Herein, A self‐supported W‐doped Ni‐C3S3N3‐based coordination polymer electrode (W‐NT@NF) with tailored Ni3+ active sites using ligand anchoring and high‐valence metal doping strategies is synthesized, which is certified that this pyrolysis‐free catalyst achieves dual‐functional hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and UOR performance comparable to reported noble metal/non‐noble metal catalysts, both achieving high current densities approaching 1000 mA cm−2. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, combined with spectroscopic characterizations that record the dynamic evolution of the catalyst during UOR and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) processes, reveal that the novel and energetically favorable UOR pathway is proposed, which initiates directly by the Ni3+ sites without self‐oxidation and involve the participation of the reconstructed NiOOH species resulting from OER. A combination of in‐line gas chromatography, and ion chromatography analysis indicates that the Faradaic efficiency (FE) of N2 is higher (34%) at lower current densities (<100 mA cm−2), and the FE of NOx− remains below 20% in long‐term electrolysis.
Light Sheet‐Based Laser Patterning Bioprinting Produces Long‐Term Viable Full‐Thickness Skin Constructs
Authors: Hafa Levin , Breideband Louise , Ramirez Posada Lucas , Torras Núria , Martinez Elena , Stelzer Ernst H.K. , Pampaloni Francesco
Published: October 2023

Tissue engineering holds great promise for biomedical research and healthcare, offering alternatives to animal models and enabling tissue regeneration and organ transplantation. 3D bioprinting stands out for its design flexibility and reproducibility. Here, an integrated fluorescent light sheet bioprinting and imaging system is presented that combines high printing speed (0.66 mm3/s) and resolution (9 µm) with light sheet‐based imaging. This approach employs direct laser patterning and a static light sheet for confined voxel crosslinking in photocrosslinkable materials. The developed bioprinter enables real‐time monitoring of hydrogel crosslinking using fluorescent recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and brightfield imaging as well as in situ light sheet imaging of cells. Human fibroblasts encapsulated in a thiol‐ene click chemistry‐based hydrogel exhibited high viability (83% ± 4.34%) and functionality. Furthermore, full‐thickness skin constructs displayed characteristics of both epidermal and dermal layers and remained viable for 41 days. The integrated approach demonstrates the capabilities of light sheet bioprinting, offering high speed, resolution, and real‐time characterization. Future enhancements involving solid‐state laser scanning devices such as acousto‐optic deflectors and modulators will further enhance resolution and speed, opening new opportunities in light‐based bioprinting and advancing tissue engineering.
Unlocking the Power of Multicatalytic Synergistic Transformation: toward Environmentally Adaptable Organohydrogel
Authors: Afewerki Samson , Edlund Ulrica
Published: October 2023

A sustainable and efficient multicatalytic chemical transformation approach is devised for the development of all‐biobased environmentally adaptable polymers and gels with multifunctional properties. The catalytic system, utilizing Lignin aluminum nanoparticles (AlNPs)‐aluminum ions (Al3+), synergistically combines multiple catalytic cycles to create robust, mechanically stable, and versatile organohydrogels. Single catalytic cycles alone fail to achieve desired results, highlighting the importance of cooperatively combining different cycles for successful outcomes. The transformation involves free radical crosslinking, reversible quinone‐catechol reactions, and an autocatalytic mechanism, resulting in a dual crosslinking strategy that incorporates both covalent and ionic crosslinking. This approach creates a dynamic gel system with combined energy dissipation and storage mechanisms. The engineered organohydrogels demonstrate vital multifunctionalities such as good thermal stability, self‐healing, and adhesive properties, flame‐retardancy, mechanical resilience and durability, conductivity, viscoelastic properties, environmental adaptability, and resistance to extreme conditions such as freezing and drying. The developed catalytic technology and resulting gels hold significant potential for applications in flexible electronics, energy storage, actuators, and sensors.
Pseudomorphic Synthesis of Monodisperse Afterglow Carbon Dot‐Doped SiO2 Microparticles for Photonic Crystals
Authors: Chen Xue , Wang Yu , Peng Chenxi , Hu Wenbo , Wu Zhongbin , Xu Weidong , Wu Suli , Luo Zhi , Suh Yung Doug , Atabaev Timur Sh. , Li Xiyan , Liu Xiaowang , Huang Wei
Published: October 2023

Synthesizing monodisperse afterglow microparticles (MPs) is crucial for creating photonic crystal (PC) platforms with multiple optical states for optoelectronics. However, achieving high uniformity in both size and morphology is challenging for inorganic afterglow MPs using conventional methods. In this contribution, a novel approach for the synthesis of carbon dot (CD)‐doped SiO2 MPs with tunable afterglow properties and size distributions is reported. These mechanism studies suggest that the pseudomorphic transformation of SiO2 MPs enables CD doping, providing a hydrogen bond‐enriched environment for triplet state stabilization, which generates green afterglow while retaining the uniformity in size and morphology of the parent SiO2 MPs. Furthermore, the utility of CD‐doped SiO2 MPs in the fabrication of rationally designed PC patterns is shown using a combined consecutive dip‐coating and laser‐assisted etching strategy. The pattern displays multiple optical responses under different lighting conditions, including angle‐dependent structural colors and blue luminescence under daylight and upon 365‐nm irradiation, respectively, as well as time‐dependent green afterglow after ceasing UV excitation. The findings pave the way for further controlling the dynamics of spontaneous emissions by PCs to enable complicated optical states for advanced photonics.
Crystallization Control Based on the Regulation of Solvent–Perovskite Coordination for High‐Performance Ambient Printable FAPbI3 Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Du Yachao , Tian Qingwen , Wang Shiqiang , Yin Lei , Ma Chuang , Wang Zhiteng , Lang Lei , Yang Yingguo , Zhao Kui , Liu Shengzhong (Frank)
Published: October 2023

The critical requirement for ambient‐printed formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) lies in the control of nucleation–growth kinetics and defect formation behavior, which are extensively influenced by interactions between the solvent and perovskite. Here, a strategy is developed that combines a cosolvent and an additive to efficiently tailor the coordination between the solvent and perovskite. Through in situ characterizations, the direct crystallization from the sol–gel phase to α‐FAPbI3 is illustrated. When the solvent exhibits strong interactions with the perovskite, the sol–gel phases cannot effectively transform into α‐FAPbI3, resulting in a lower nucleation rate and confined crystal growth directions. Consequently, it becomes challenging to fabricate high‐quality void‐free perovskite films. Conversely, weaker solvent–perovskite coordination promotes direct crystallization from sol–gel phases to α‐FAPbI3. This process exhibits more balanced nucleation–growth kinetics and restrains the formation of defects and microstrains in situ. This strategy leads to improved structural and optoelectronic properties within the FAPbI3 films, characterized by more compact grain stacking, smoother surface morphology, released lattice strain, and fewer defects. The ambient‐printed FAPbI3 perovskite solar cells fabricated using this strategy exhibit a remarkable power conversion efficiency of 24%, with significantly reduced efficiency deviation and negligible decreases in the stabilized output.
Visible Light‐Sensitive Artificial Photonic Synapse
Authors: Jeong Bum Ho , Park Jaehee , Kim Dohyung , Lee Jongmin , Jung In Hwan , Park Hui Joon
Published: October 2023

Computing based on artificial neuron networks holds great promise in overcoming the von Neumann bottleneck and significantly enhancing computing efficiency. It offers a wide range of possibilities for artificial visual system applications. Photonic synapses, as essential components, can contribute to improved efficiency in visual information processing by leveraging their low latency, high propagation speed, and broad bandwidth capabilities. Herein, a photonic transistor capable of detecting visible light and exhibiting synaptic characteristics under various visible stimuli is presented. This is achieved by integrating a photo‐sensitive polymer as a floating gate charge trapping medium. The synaptic device successfully emulates fundamental synaptic behaviors such as excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), pair‐pulse facilitation, the transition of short‐term memory to long‐term memory, and learning and forgetting processes. Furthermore, leveraging the ESPC responses, the informative synaptic outputs modulated by light signals enable a non‐contact writing method, paving the way for advancements in optical wireless communication. It is believed that this work serves as a promising building block to complete the bio‐inspired photonic computing paradigm.
How to Achieve Excellent Luminescence Properties of Cr Ion‐Doped Near‐Infrared Phosphors
Authors: Wei Guohui , Li Panlai , Li Rui , Wang Ye , He Shaoxuan , Li Jiehong , Shi Yawei , Suo Hao , Yang Yuanbo , Wang Zhijun
Published: October 2023

Transition metal chromium (Cr) ion‐doped inorganic materials exhibit distinct tunable broadband near‐infrared luminescence, and they have promising applications including nondestructive composition analysis, night vision, biomedicine, plant illumination, and afterglow anticounterfeiting. Currently, the most critical issue is to optimize their full width at half maxima, thermal stability, and internal/external quantum efficiency. This review systematically summarizes strategies to effectively improve the photoluminescence performance of near‐infrared‐emitting materials with transition metal chromium ions. Key examples of the design and preparation of Cr ion‐doped luminescence with different transition modes, a detailed discussion of strategies to effectively improve the photoluminescence properties of near‐infrared luminescent materials, and a summary of generic strategies to help explore novel and efficient Cr‐doped phosphor materials are provided. Next, the latest developments and trends in these Cr ion‐doped phosphor materials are presented for a variety of application scenarios. Finally, future research directions and new challenges faced are also discussed.
Optical Signatures of Phosphorene Chemical Evolvement in Liquid Environment
Authors: Yan Shancheng , Wang Xi , Zhou Fei , Liu Hao , Lou Shuai , Lin Shuren , Shi Yi , Yao Jie
Published: October 2023

Phosphorene possesses a unique combination of physical and chemical properties, including tunable direct bandgap, anisotropic electronic and optical properties. However, application of phosphorene is hampered by its fast degradation under ambient conditions. It is believed that H2O and O2 play key roles in the instability of phosphorene, but their exact contributions have not yet been completely understood in experiment. Herein, a technique of probing the mechanism of phosphorene oxidation through the evolvement of its photoluminescence spectra in a liquid suspension is introduced. With the addition of H2O2, the photoluminescence intensity of the suspension surprisingly increases, indicating a passivation effect due to the formation of phosphorene oxide, which is also verified by Raman spectroscopy. In contrast, direct addition of H2O leads to irreversible and rapid degradation as shown by the quenching of photoluminescence. Furthermore, monolayer phosphorene suspension photoluminescence at 2.17 eV is obtained by completely eliminating effects from contaminations, substrate strain, dielectric substrate, and oxidation of samples. Solvent protection in combination with the optical probing method provides an effective approach in investigating the chemistry of active materials like phosphorene. Phosphorene has great potential in the range of sensing applications including high‐resolution H2O2 and humidity sensors.
A HER2‐targeted Antibody‐Drug Conjugate, RC48‐ADC, Exerted Promising Antitumor Efficacy and Safety with Intravesical Instillation in Preclinical Models of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Hong Xuwei , Chen Xu , Wang Hongjin , Xu Qingchun , Xiao Kanghua , Zhang Yuanfeng , Chi Zepai , Liu Yeqing , Liu Guangyao , Li Hong , Fang Jianmin , Lin Tianxin , Zhang Yonghai
Published: October 2023

More than half of non‐muscle‐invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) patients eventually relapse even if treated with surgery and BCG without optional bladder‐preserving therapy. This study aims to investigate the antitumor activity and safety of a HER2‐targeted antibody‐drug conjugate, RC48‐ADC, intravesical instillation for NMIBC treatment. In this preclinical study, it is revealed that human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression scores of 1+, 2+, and 3+ are recorded for 16.7%, 56.2%, and 14.6% of NMIBC cases. The antitumor effect of RC48‐ADC is positively correlated with HER2 expression in bladder cancer (BCa) cell lines and organoid models. Furthermore, RC48‐ADC is revealed to exert its antitumor effect by inducing G2/M arrest and caspase‐dependent apoptosis. In an orthotopic BCa model, tumor growth is significantly inhibited by intravesical instillation of RC48‐ADC versus disitamab, monomethyl auristatin E, epirubicin, or phosphate‐buffered saline control. The potential toxicity of intravesical RC48‐ADC is also assessed by dose escalation in normal nude mice and revealed that administration of RC48‐ADC by intravesical instillation is safe within the range of effective therapeutic doses. Taken together, RC48‐ADC demonstrates promising antitumor effects and safety with intravesical administration in multiple preclinical models. These findings provide a rational for clinical trials of intravesical RC48‐ADC in NMIBC patients.
cGAS‐STING Pathway Activation and Systemic Anti‐Tumor Immunity Induction via Photodynamic Nanoparticles with Potent Toxic Platinum DNA Intercalator Against Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Tao Hui , Tan Jia , Zhang Hanchen , Ren Hong , Cai Ziyi , Liu Hanhan , Wen Bingyu , Du Jiaqi , Li Gaoyang , Chen Shijie , Xiao Haihua , Deng Zhihong
Published: October 2023

The cGAS‐STING pathway, as a vital innate immune signaling pathway, has attracted considerable attention in tumor immunotherapy research. However, STING agonists are generally incapable of targeting tumors, thus limiting their clinical applications. Here, a photodynamic polymer (P1) is designed to electrostatically couple with 56MESS–a cationic platinum (II) agent–to form NPPDT‐56MESS. The accumulation of NPPDT‐56MESS in the tumors increases the efficacy and decreases the systemic toxicity of the drugs. Moreover, NPPDT‐56MESS generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) under the excitation with an 808 nm laser, which then results in the disintegration of NPPDT‐56MESS. Indeed, the ROS and 56MESS act synergistically to damage DNA and mitochondria, leading to a surge of cytoplasmic double‐stranded DNA (dsDNA). This way, the cGAS‐STING pathway is activated to induce anti‐tumor immune responses and ultimately enhance anti‐cancer activity. Additionally, the administration of NPPDT‐56MESS to mice induces an immune memory effect, thus improving the survival rate of mice. Collectively, these findings indicate that NPPDT‐56MESS functions as a chemotherapeutic agent and cGAS‐STING pathway agonist, representing a combination chemotherapy and immunotherapy strategy that provides novel modalities for the treatment of uveal melanoma.
A Lightweight Framework For Chromatin Loop Detection at the Single‐Cell Level
Authors: Wang Fuzhou , Alinejad‐Rokny Hamid , Lin Jiecong , Gao Tingxiao , Chen Xingjian , Zheng Zetian , Meng Lingkuan , Li Xiangtao , Wong Ka‐Chun
Published: October 2023

Single‐cell Hi‐C (scHi‐C) has made it possible to analyze chromatin organization at the single‐cell level. However, scHi‐C experiments generate inherently sparse data, which poses a challenge for loop calling methods. The existing approach performs significance tests across the imputed dense contact maps, leading to substantial computational overhead and loss of information at the single‐cell level. To overcome this limitation, a lightweight framework called scGSLoop is proposed, which sets a new paradigm for scHi‐C loop calling by adapting the training and inferencing strategies of graph‐based deep learning to leverage the sequence features and 1D positional information of genomic loci. With this framework, sparsity is no longer a challenge, but rather an advantage that the model leverages to achieve unprecedented computational efficiency. Compared to existing methods, scGSLoop makes more accurate predictions and is able to identify more loops that have the potential to play regulatory roles in genome functioning. Moreover, scGSLoop preserves single‐cell information by identifying a distinct group of loops for each individual cell, which not only enables an understanding of the variability of chromatin looping states between cells, but also allows scGSLoop to be extended for the investigation of multi‐connected hubs and their underlying mechanisms.
FBXO7 Confers Mesenchymal Properties and Chemoresistance in Glioblastoma by Controlling Rbfox2‐Mediated Alternative Splicing
Authors: Li Shangbiao , Chen Yanwen , Xie Yuxin , Zhan Hongchao , Zeng Yu , Zeng Kunlin , Wang Li , Zhan Ziling , Li Cuiying , Zhao Liqian , Chen Xiaoxia , Tan Yujing , Wang Zhongyong , Bu Junguo , Song Ye , Deng Fan , Zhou Aidong
Published: October 2023

Mesenchymal glioblastoma (GBM) is highly resistant to radio‐and chemotherapy and correlates with worse survival outcomes in GBM patients; however, the underlying mechanism determining the mesenchymal phenotype remains largely unclear. Herein, it is revealed that FBXO7, a substrate‐recognition component of the SCF complex implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease, confers mesenchymal properties and chemoresistance in GBM by controlling Rbfox2‐mediated alternative splicing. Specifically, FBXO7 ubiquitinates Rbfox2 Lys249 through K63‐linked ubiquitin chains upon arginine dimethylation at Arg341 and Arg441 by PRMT5, leading to Rbfox2 stabilization. FBXO7 controls Rbfox2‐mediated splicing of mesenchymal genes, including FoxM1, Mta1, and Postn. FBXO7‐induced exon Va inclusion of FoxM1 promotes FoxM1 phosphorylation by MEK1 and nuclear translocation, thereby upregulates CD44, CD9, and ID1 levels, resulting in GBM stem cell self‐renewal and mesenchymal transformation. Moreover, FBXO7 is stabilized by temozolomide, and FBXO7 depletion sensitizes tumor xenografts in mice to chemotherapy. The findings demonstrate that the FBXO7‐Rbfox2 axis‐mediated splicing contributes to mesenchymal transformation and tumorigenesis, and targeting FBXO7 represents a potential strategy for GBM treatment.
Mild‐Photothermal Effect Induced High Efficiency Ferroptosis‐Boosted‐Cuproptosis Based on Cu2O@Mn3Cu3O8 Nanozyme
Authors: Chen Wei , Xie Wenyu , Gao Zhimin , Lin Chen , Tan Meiling , Zhang Yaru , Hou Zhiyao
Published: October 2023

A core‐shell‐structured Cu2O@Mn3Cu3O8 (CMCO) nanozyme is constructed to serve as a tumor microenvironment (TME)‐activated copper ionophore to achieve safe and efficient cuproptosis. The Mn3Cu3O8 shell not only prevents exposure of normal tissues to the Cu2O core to reduce systemic toxicity but also exhibits enhanced enzyme‐mimicking activity owing to the better band continuity near the Fermi surface. The glutathione oxidase (GSHOx)‐like activity of CMCO depletes glutathione (GSH), which diminishes the ability to chelate Cu ions, thereby exerting Cu toxicity and inducing cuproptosis in cancer cells. The catalase (CAT)‐like activity catalyzes the overexpressed H2O2 in the TME, thereby generating O2 in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle to enhance cuproptosis. More importantly, the Fenton‐like reaction based on the release of Mn ions and the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase 4 induced by the elimination of GSH results in ferroptosis, accompanied by the accumulation of lipid peroxidation and reactive oxygen species that can cleave stress‐induced heat shock proteins to compromise their protective capacity of cancer cells and further sensitize cuproptosis. CMCO nanozymes are partially sulfurized by hydrogen sulfide in the colorectal TME, exhibiting excellent photothermal properties and enzyme‐mimicking activity. The mild photothermal effect enhances the enzyme‐mimicking activity of the CMCO nanozymes, thus inducing high‐efficiency ferroptosis‐boosted‐cuproptosis.
Macrophage‐Derived Extracellular Vesicles‐Coated Palladium Nanoformulations Modulate Inflammatory and Immune Homeostasis for Targeting Therapy of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Cheng Jiahui , Zhang Yiming , Ma Liang , Du Wenxian , Zhang Qiang , Gao Rifeng , Zhao Xinxin , Chen Yujie , Jiang Lixian , Li Xiaoyang , Li Bo , Zhou Yan
Published: October 2023

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory bowel disease mainly involving the colon and rectum, which features recurrent mucosal inflammation. The excessive production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a trigger for pathological changes such as cell apoptosis and disordered immune microenvironments, which are crucial for the progression of UC and can be a promising therapeutic target. Nowadays, the development of targeted therapeutic strategies for UC is still in its infancy. Thus, developing effective therapies based on ROS scavenging and elucidating their molecular pathways are urgently needed. Herein, a biomimetic nanoformulation (Pd@M) with cubic palladium (Pd) as the core and macrophage‐derived extracellular vesicles (MEVs) as the shell is synthesized for the treatment of UC. These Pd@M nanoformulations exhibit multienzyme‐like activities for effective ROS scavenging, excellent targeting ability as well as good biocompatibility. It is verified that Pd@M can regulate the polarization state of macrophages by inhibiting glycolysis, and decrease neutrophil infiltration and recruitment. In this way, the colonic inflammatory and immune microenvironment is remodeled, and apoptosis is prevented, ultimately improving colonic mucosal barrier function and alleviating colitis in the mouse model. This finding provides a promising alternative option for the treatment of UC patients.
Operando Spatial Pressure Mapping Analysis for Prototype Lithium Metal Pouch Cells Under Practical Conditions
Authors: Park Kyobin , Lee Myungjae , Song Jongchan , Ha A. Reum , Ha Seongmin , Jo Seunghyeon , Song Juyeop , Choi Seung Hyun , Kim Wonkeun , Ryu Kyunghan , Nam Jaewook , Lee Kyu Tae
Published: October 2023

Monitoring and diagnosing the battery status in real‐time are of utmost importance for clarifying failure mechanism, improving battery performance, and ensuring safety, particularly under fast charging conditions. Recently, advanced operando techniques have been developed to observe changes in the microstructures of lithium deposits using laboratory‐scale cell designs, focusing on understanding the nature of Li metal electrodes. However, the macroscopic spatial inhomogeneity of lithium electroplating/stripping in the prototype pressurized pouch cells has not been measured in real‐time under practical conditions. Herein, a new noninvasive operando technique, spatial pressure mapping analysis, is introduced to macroscopically and quantitatively measure spatial pressure changes in a pressurized pouch cell during cycling. Moreover, dynamic spatial changes in the macroscopic morphology of the lithium metal electrode are theoretically visualized by combining operando pressure mapping data with mechanical analyses of cell components. Additionally, under fast charging conditions, the direct correlation between abrupt capacity fading and sudden increases in spatial pressure distribution inhomogeneity is demonstrated through comparative analysis of pouch cells under various external pressures, electrolyte species, and electrolyte weight to cell capacity (e/c) ratios. This operando technique provides insights for assessing the current battery status and understanding the complex origin of cell degradation behavior in pressurized pouch cells.
Direction‐Dependent Lateral Domain Walls in Ferroelectric Hafnium Zirconium Oxide and their Gradient Energy Coefficients: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Paul Tanmoy Kumar , Saha Atanu Kumar , Gupta Sumeet Kumar
Published: October 2023

To understand and harness the physical mechanisms of ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide (HZO)‐based devices, there is a need for clear understanding of domain interactions, their dynamics, negative capacitance effects, and other multidomain characteristics. These crucial attributes depend on the coupling between neighboring domains quantified by the gradient energy coefficient (g). Furthermore, HZO has unique orientation‐dependent lateral multidomain configurations. To develop an in‐depth understanding of multidomain effects, there is a need for a thorough analysis of g. In this work, the energetics of multidomain configurations and domain growth mechanism corresponding to lateral domain walls (DWs) of HZO are analyzed and gradient energy coefficients are quantified using first‐principles density functional theory calculations. These results indicate that one lateral direction exhibits the following characteristics: i) DW is ultra‐sharp and domain growth occurs unit‐cell‐by‐unit‐cell, ii) the value of g is negative and in the order of 10−12 V m3 C−1, and iii) g reduces (increases) with compressive (tensile) strain. In contrast, in the other lateral direction, the following attributes are observed: i) DW is gradual and domain growth occurs in quanta of half‐unit‐cell, ii) g is positive and in the order of 10−10 V m3 C−1, and iii) g increases (reduces) with compressive (tensile) strain.
Sensitive Detection of a Gaseous Analyte with Low‐Power Metal–Organic Framework Functionalized Carbon Nanotube Transistors
Authors: Kumar Sandeep , Dehm Simone , Wieland Laura , Chandresh Abhinav , Heinke Lars , Flavel Benjamin S. , Krupke Ralph
Published: October 2023

A highly sensitive and low‐power sensing platform for detecting ethanol molecules by interfacing high‐purity, large‐diameter semiconducting carbon nanotube transistors with a metal–organic framework layer is presented. The new devices outperform similar graphene‐based metal–organic framework devices by several orders of magnitude in terms of sensitivity and power consumption, and can detect extremely low ethanol concentrations down to sub‐ppb levels while consuming only picowatts of power. The exceptional sensor performance results from the nanotube transistor's high on/off ratio and its sensitivity to charges, allowing for ultra‐low power consumption. The platform can also compensate for shifts in threshold voltage induced by ambient conditions, making it suitable for use in humid air. This novel concept of MOF/CNTFETs could be customized for detecting various gaseous analytes, leading to a range of ultra‐sensitive and ultra‐low power sensors.
In Situ Observation of Room‐Temperature Magnesium Metal Deposition on a NASICON/IL Hybrid Solid Electrolyte
Authors: Wei Zhixuan , Singh Dheeraj Kumar , Helmbrecht Katharina , Sann Joachim , Yusim Yuriy , Kieser Joy A. , Glaser Clarissa , Rohnke Marcus , Groß Axel , Janek Jürgen
Published: October 2023

Secondary batteries using multivalent cations as ionic charge carriers have attracted increasing attention in recent years due to the high theoretical energy density provided by multi‐electron redox reactions. However, the high charge density of these cations inevitably leads to sluggish kinetics of ion migration at room temperature, which poses a challenge for the development of solid‐state batteries using multivalent ions. Here, a magnesium ion conducting hybrid solid electrolyte (HSE) is prepared, consisting of a new NASICON‐structured material, Mg0.5Sn2(PO4)3, and a small amount of magnesium ionic liquid. The HSE shows superior room‐temperature ionic conductivity of 1.11 × 10−4 S cm−1 and an activation energy of 0.36 eV. Due to the good compatibility of the HSE with the magnesium metal anode, symmetric MgǀHSEǀMg cells show stable magnesium plating and stripping behavior at room temperature. Using in situ electrochemical scanning electron microscopy measurements, the room temperature growth‐induced fracture of the HSE is observed, giving unequivocal evidence for magnesium deposition. These results may serve as a starting point for understanding the magnesium deposition mechanism on solid electrolytes in solid‐state batteries.
Current Challenges and Advanced Design Strategy of Vanadium Dioxide Cathode for Low‐Cost Aqueous Zinc Metal Battery
Authors: Zhang Wenwei , Zhong Wenhui , Wang Junjun , An Qinyou , Mai Liqiang
Published: October 2023

Rechargeable aqueous zinc metal battery has been one of the next‐generation energy storage systems with a promising future due to the advantages of aqueous electrolyte and metallic zinc anode. Among many cathode materials, vanadium‐based materials with considerable specific capacity, adjustable crystal structure, and multiple valence states are very promising cathodes, but the electrochemical performance of vanadium‐based zinc metal batteries faces severe challenges such as the limited and declining capacity and sluggish ion/e− transport kinetics process. Herein, taking VO2 as an example, the crystal structure and energy storage mechanism of VO2 cathode are briefly introduced. The challenges of aqueous Zn/VO2 battery are analyzed in depth. Significantly, the current advanced modification strategies for aqueous Zn/VO2 battery are summarized and discussed in detail, and the future development is also prospected. This article can provide some significant references for the development of aqueous Zn/VO2 battery and the guiding significance for other metal ion battery.
Identification of Location and Geometry of Invisible Internal Defects in Structures using Deep Learning and Surface Deformation Field
Authors: Timilsina Suman , Jang Seong Min , Jo Cheol Woo , Kwon Yong Nam , Sohn Kee-Sun , Lee Kwang Ho , Kim Ji Sik
Published: October 2023

On‐site inspection of invisible subsurface defects in multiscale structural materials by conventional nondestructive testing (NDT) methods, such as X‐ray and ultrasound, requires complex sample preparation and data acquisition processes. Moreover, the inspected area is very small. Herein, a simple, inexpensive, and ultrasensitive NDT method for identifying and classifying the geometries of subsurface defects using commercial cameras, digital image correlation software, and object detection (OD) algorithms is developed. Three OD algorithms—Faster region‐based convolutional neural network (Faster R‐CNN), Mask R‐CNN, and you‐only‐look‐once (YOLO)v3—are evaluated for their ability to locate defects and identify defect geometries. Specifically, bounding boxes of two sizes (large and small) are applied to the regions of defect‐induced perturbations in strain tensors, which serve as virtual representatives of invisible subsurface defects. The performance of the proposed approach is validated on test datasets of known and unknown defect types. The experimental results confirm that the proposed approach can effectively utilize the surface deformation field information to accurately and reliably locate and identify subsurface defects. The method is nondestructive and low cost, enables real‐time detection, is robust against noise‐dominated deformation fields, and can be applied to various structural deformations. The method is therefore suitable for multiscale structural health monitoring and characterization of internal defects in materials.
Narrative change for health equity in grassroots community organizing: A study of initiatives in Michigan and Ohio
Authors: Haapanen Krista A. , Christens Brian D. , Speer Paul W. , Freeman Hannah E.
Published: October 2023

To achieve health equity, there is a need to act on the social determinants of health. This reality is now understood more widely, and in greater detail, than ever. Amid this movement toward health equity, there has been a natural gravitation to community organizing, which has long worked to produce more equitable systems and policies. Community organizing builds power through cycles of listening, participatory research, collective action, and reflection. One manifestation of this power is that organizing initiatives can often influence which issues are up for public debate, and the terms of those debates. This dimension of community power is often described by practitioners as narrative change work, and involves intervening on, complicating, and resisting dominant societal narratives that hinder action on the systems that perpetuate inequity. This article reports results from a study of organizing initiatives in Detroit, MI and Cincinnati, OH which both engaged in intentional narrative change work around health and health equity. We analyzed data from interviews with 35 key leaders across both cities. Results describe the organizational processes and activities taking place in both sites, with an emphasis on one issue in each city: educational equity in Cincinnati and water equity in Detroit. We then use coded interview data to examine how narrative change work took place in organizing around these issues during the COVID‐19 pandemic, a challenging time for organizing initiatives. Results provide insights into adaptations taking place in community organizing during this time, as well as various approaches to narrative change work as part of holistic efforts to build and exercise community power to alter social determinants of health.
Substantial incidence of bladder dysfunction in patients with VACTERL association: Implications for surveillance
Authors: Gomes Adriana , Zapata Laura Forero , Galarreta Carolina I. , Henderson Riley , Hoyt Erin , Swee Steven , Bird Lynne M.
Published: October 2023

VACTERL association is defined as the nonrandom co‐occurrence of a minimum of three of the following six key components: Vertebral anomalies, Anal atresia, Cardiac malformations, Tracheo‐Esophageal fistula, Renal anomalies, and Limb abnormalities. Patients presenting with two components may also belong in the same spectrum. Additional components have been associated with VACTERL defects, including single umbilical artery, tethered spinal cord (TSC), and genital malformations. We observed a significant proportion of patients with bladder dysfunction (often called neurogenic bladder in the medical record) when reviewing a cohort of patients with VACTERL defects at our clinical center. Our finding calls attention to bladder dysfunction as an additional VACTERL phenotypic component. The prevalence of bladder dysfunction is greatest in those with genital anomalies, anorectal malformations, sacral dysplasia, renal anomalies, and TSC. We propose that patients with two or more VACTERL malformations be monitored for symptoms of bladder dysfunction if one or more of the identified risk factors are present until the achievement of urinary continence.
Progress, implications, and challenges in using humanized immune system mice in CAR‐T therapy—Application evaluation and improvement
Authors: Yue Hanwei , Bai Lin
Published: October 2023

In recent years, humanized immune system (HIS) mice have been gradually used as models for preclinical research in pharmacotherapies and cell therapies with major breakthroughs in tumor and other fields, better mimicking the human immune system and the tumor immune microenvironment, compared to traditional immunodeficient mice. To better promote the application of HIS mice in preclinical research, we selectively summarize the current prevalent and breakthrough research and evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) ‐T cells in various antiviral and antitumor treatments. By exploring its application in preclinical research, we find that it can better reflect the actual clinical patient condition, with the advantages of providing high‐efficiency detection indicators, even for progressive research and development. We believe that it has better clinical patient simulation and promotion for the updated design of CAR‐T cell therapy than directly transplanted immunodeficient mice. The characteristics of the main models are proposed to improve the use defects of the existing models by reducing the limitation of antihost reaction, combining multiple models, and unifying sources and organoid substitution. Strategy study of relapse and toxicity after CAR‐T treatment also provides more possibilities for application and development.
Generic Axion Maxwell Equations: Path Integral Approach
Authors: Sokolov Anton V. , Ringwald Andreas
Published: October 2023

The low energy interactions between axions and electromagnetic fields that arise in models with heavy dyons charged under a spontaneously broken global axial U(1) symmetry are derived using the path integral approach. Hence, generic axion‐Maxwell equations relevant for experimental searches are obtained. It is found that the structure of the axion Maxwell equations can be significantly different compared to what is normally assumed in the literature, as the derived equations feature new axion‐dependent terms including CP‐violating ones. The new terms can reconcile the Peccei–Quinn solution to the strong CP problem with astrophysical axion hints, as well as give unique signatures in light‐shining‐through‐wall and haloscope experiments. Moreover, via the latter signatures, these experiments can indirectly probe the existence of heavy dyons.
Optimized Crystal Framework by Asymmetric Core Isomerization in Selenium‐Substituted Acceptor for Efficient Binary Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Yang Can , An Qiaoshi , Jiang Mengyun , Ma Xiaoming , Mahmood Asif , Zhang Heng , Zhao Xin , Zhi Hong‐Fu , Jee Min Hun , Woo Han Young , Liao Xilin , Deng Dan , Wei Zhixiang , Wang Jin‐Liang
Published: October 2023

Both the regional isomerization and selenium‐substitution of the small molecular acceptors (SMAs) play significant roles in developing efficient organic solar cells (OSCs), while their synergistic effects remain elusive. Herein, we developed three isomeric SMAs (S‐CSeF, A‐ISeF, and A‐OSeF) via subtly manipulating the mono‐selenium substituted position (central, inner, or outer) and type of heteroaromatic ring on the central core by synergistic strategies for efficient OSCs, respectively. Crystallography of asymmetric A‐OSeF presents a closer intermolecular π–π stacking and more ordered 3‐dimensional network packing and efficient charge‐hopping pathways. With the successive out‐shift of the mono‐selenium substituted position, the neat films give a slightly wider band gap and gradually higher crystallinity and electron mobility. The PM1 : A‐OSeF afford favourable fibrous phase separation morphology with more ordered molecular packing and efficient charge transportation compared to the other two counterparts. Consequently, the A‐OSeF‐based devices achieve a champion efficiency of 18.5 %, which represents the record value for the reported selenium‐containing SMAs in binary OSCs. Our developed precise molecular engineering of the position and type of selenium‐based heteroaromatic ring of SMAs provides a promising synergistic approach to optimizing crystal stacking and boosting top‐ranked selenium‐containing SMAs‐based OSCs.