The role of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of ovarian cancer
Authors:   Senior Researcher of laboratory population and medical genetics, PhD in Biology, Mingazheva E.T. , Fedorova Yu.Yu. ,   Senior Researcher of laboratory population and medical genetics, PhD in Biology, Nurgalieva A.H. ,   Senior Researcher at the Laboratory of Population and Medical Genetics, Ufa University of Science and Technology, PhD in Biology, Valova Ya.V. ,   Junior Researcher of laboratory population and medical genetics Ufa University of Science and Technology, Andreeva E.A. ,   PhD student of Ufa University of Science and Technology, Sagitova A.V. ,   Master Department of Medical Genetics and Fundamental Medicine of Ufa University of Science and Technology, Faiskhanova R.R. ,   oncologist of the State Autonomous Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Bashkortostan "Republican Clinical Oncology Dispensary", Candidate of Medical Sciences, Sakaeva D.D. ,   Department of Pharmacology with a Course of Clinical Pharmacology, Bashkir State Medical University, Professor, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Khusnutdinova E.K. ,   Professor, Doctor of Sciences in Biology, Academician of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic Bashkortostan, Corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Eductaion, Director of the Institute of Biochemistry and Genetics – Subdivision of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Prokofieva D.S. ,   head of laboratory population and medical genetics, PhD in Biology
Published: January 2025

Aim: to evaluate the results of clinical studies devoted to the study of the role of endothelial glycocalyx (GC) in the pathogenesis of critical conditions.
Materials and Methods. Scientific information was searched in domestic (E-Library) and foreign databases (PubMed, Scopus, Oxford University Press, Springer, Web of Science Core Collection). 120 publications were analysed, 42 of them were selected to meet the requirements of the review.
Results. GC is a gel-like polysaccharide-protein layer covering the surface of vascular endothelial cells. GC maintains homeostasis of the vascular network, including controlling vascular permeability and microvascular tone, preventing microvascular thrombosis, and regulating leukocyte adhesion. Endothelial GC damage is a universal link of pathogenesis in various pathological processes. The proposed review considers the structure and functions of GC, its participation in the pathogenesis of such diseases as diabetes mellitus, sepsis, covid-19, polytrauma, pre-eclampsia, epilepsy and others. A decrease in GC thickness in patients with diabetes mellitus has been described. The effect of hyperglycaemia on GC structure has also been noted. In sepsis, GC is damaged by free oxygen radicals, which are released by circulating leukocytes, which in turn triggers a cascade of reactions that lead to systemic oedema, hypovolaemia with further development of organ and tissue damage. In severe trauma, damage to GC is noted, which is accompanied by the release of syndecan, heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid into the bloodstream. Preeclampsia is also associated with GC damage, which can be detected by elevation of specific markers. Epilepsy and many other neurological diseases are associated with disruption of the blood-brain barrier, whose dysfunction is associated with GC dysfunction.
Conclusion. Timely diagnosis of GC degradation can improve life prognosis and therapeutic outcomes in critically ill patients.
Keywords: glycocalyx, sepsis, pre-eclampsia, polytrauma, status epilepticus, coronavirus infection, syndecan, hyaluronic acid.