bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Reliability Optimization with Fourier Orthogonal Neural Network Method
Authors: Sha Li Rong , Yang Yue
Published: October 2013

The structural optimization design considering reliability requirements was proposed based on Fourier orthogonal neural network method. The reliability-based optimization design of the structure is a combination of the structural reliability theory and mathematical optimization methods. The Fourier orthogonal neural network was used to analysis reliability of the structure and also to simulate the relationship between the fatigue reliability and geometry dimension of the structure. The structural reliability requirements were taken as constraints while the structural volume as the objective function, with Fourier orthogonal neural network method, the optimization results of the structure was obtained with a minimum cost, thus can make technical and economic benefits besides the structural reliability.
Research of the Stability of Stiffened Composite Panel
Authors: Zhu He
Published: October 2013

Composite stiffened plate structure is widely used in aviation, aerospace and marine areas , in order to ensure the structural reliability ,stability analysis is absolutely necessary. The finite element models are established. In this paper, subspace method and arc-length method are applied to analyze the stability of stiffened panel structure, both two methods are effective. Different stringer parameters will have some impact on the stability, including the number and height. Through analyzing the results, some conclusions are drew for increasing the stability.They have a certain value for engineering application.
A Lightweight-Leveled Software Automated Test Framework
Authors: Zhao Jian Ping , Liu Xiao Yang , Xi Hong Ming , Xu Li Ya , Zhao Jian Hui , Liu Huan Ming
Published: October 2013

To resolve the problem of a large amount of automated test scripts and test data files, through the test tool QTP, data-driven and keyword-driven testing mechanism, a test automation framework based on three layer data-driven mechanism is designed, including the design of the TestSet managing test case files, the design of the TestCase storing test cases and the design of the TestData storing test data.Through controlling the test scale and applying the test data pool, reconfigurable and optimization of test scripts are designed. The methods above can decouple the test design and the script development, make test cases and data show a more humane design, make test scripts and test data on the business level optimized and reusable, and make the number of script files and the test data files reache a minimum, which reduces the occupied space.
Game Analysis on Bulit-In Outsourcing Alliance of Logistics
Authors: Ji Shou Wen , Li Ling Li
Published: October 2013

The built-in outsourcing logistics alliance is a new thing compared to other logistics concepts. This paper first makes a game analysis on the bulit-in outsourcing alliance of logistics based on game theory after conducting the research actuality on logistics outsourcing and alliance. According to research and analysis, the game theory is applied to the composition of built-in outsourcing logistics alliance and cooperative game is suitable for the alliance. Then the game analysis of the built-in outsourcing logistics alliance is made, which includes the establishment of a general game model and the game analysis which is suitable for choosing alliance member.
Studies on Small Pieces of Cargo Distribution by Intercity Passenger Bus
Authors: Ji Shou Wen , Zhang Na
Published: October 2013

Delivering cargo by intercity passenger bus has the advantages of saving distribution costs, protecting environment, easing traffic pressure, improving security of distribution and so on. For urban and rural distribution, this paper analyses the luggage compartment size and utilization of Chinas popular intercity passenger bus, studies the feasibility of small pieces of cargo distribution by intercity passenger bus, and then proposes the establishment of distribution nodes, loading process and unloading process. The effectiveness and feasibility of small goods distribution by intercity passenger bus is verified by the empirical analysis of Feihe Parcel Express Company.
Performance Evaluation Research of Railway Fuel Supply Chain Based on the BSC-SCOR
Authors: Chen Jia Juan , Zhang Yong Xin , Huang Ting Ting
Published: October 2013

According to the reality of the railway oil supply chain, this paper proposes a BSC-SCOR model in five-dimension to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional BSC model, and establishes a more objective and comprehensive supply chain performance evaluation indicator system. This research uses AHP method, integration algorithm and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to calculate the performance of the railway oil supply chain.
Study on Application of Combination Control Mode in Technological Transfer
Authors: Xiong Man Chen
Published: October 2013

For the execution and technologies related to the concept system, its innovation focuses on execution feasibility from the commercial perspective. The greatest innovation in terms of execution is in the combination of international technological trade mechanisms. In the past, many international technological transfers were erroneously interpreted and analyzed. The emphasis on the fact that the international technological transfer itself is a commercial practice is an innovative proposition. That is to say, the practices involved are in line with the international practice and the international trade rules. Only the transfer that generates profits can be considered a successful transfer. Thus this research paper proposes that the Three-tier control model for the international technological transfer become an integrated control mechanism, described the key problem in this mechanism. No matter how many standards you set, if you cannot find a real foothold in the market and generate profits, any standards are of no avail.
Research on the Logistic Management under the Conditions of Industry Chain
Authors: Xiong Man Chen
Published: October 2013

Presently, most enterprises have transformed into a link of the whole supply chain by means of forming groups, dummy enterprises or strategic leagues of the industry chain established by joint shares, etc. These enterprises are able to maximize the whole profit of the industry chain while providing the maximum value for each of their clients in accordance with their demand. The management of the industry chain endows logistic management with new significance and functions. The thesis probes into the general strategies for logistic management under the conditions of industry chains by using a specific model so as to integrate logistics or material flow, capital flow and information flow. It describes a subdivided information-oriented enterprise that is based on the industry chain. Such enterprises emphasize particularly on the coordination among the participating enterprises in terms of goods, information and funds. This would be a win-win situation for enterprise.
Analysis of Production Management System of Electronic Manufacturing Industry
Authors: Yang Hong Zhen , Cao Xin Yu , Cao Bai Yang
Published: October 2013

In this paper, by studying a lot of advanced electronics manufacturing enterprise production management mode, put forward a basic structure of complete quality control system, and the elements of this structure is introduced in detail. Practice has proved that These practices on the establishment of "stable process" and improve the "product quality" has a very effective role.
Synthesis and Characterization of Binuclear Ruthenium Vinyl Complexes with Dithienylethene Unit
Authors: Lin Yan , Cui Han Feng , Fan Hao
Published: October 2013

A novel binuclear ruthenium vinyl complexes with dithienylethene unit II [RuCl (CO)(PMe3)3]2(μ-CH=CH-DTE-CH=CH) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and NMR spectra. Meanwhile, the crystal of II was obtained and determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction.
Effects of Calcium Carbonate on the Thermal Properties of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene/Calcium Carbonate Composites
Authors: Bai Xiao Juan , Wang Ling
Published: October 2013

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is a filler widely used in plastics. In this study, the effects of CaCO3content and size on the thermal properties of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS)/CaCO3composites were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TGA results in nitrogen showed that the maximum weight loss rate of the composites gradually decreased with increasing CaCO3content. TGA results in a mixed gas containing oxygen showed that CaCO3addition facilitated the degradation of ABS, and ABS degradation was completed at relatively low temperatures. The effect of nano-CaCO3on the thermal stability of the composites was similar to that of microsized CaCO3.
Preparation and Study on Si/Ag/C Composite as Anode Material for Lithium Ion Batteries
Authors: Cui Tao , Wang Yao Wu , Hu Xu Yao , Shang Yu Ming , He Xiang Ming , Li Jian Jun
Published: October 2013

Si/Ag/C composite was prepared by two-step reaction. The phase and surface morphology of samples was studied by XRD and SEM. The electrochemical performance of the composite was investigated by charge/discharge test. SEM images indicate that the particles dispersed uniform and structure of the materials is stable. Electrochemical test results show that the initial discharged and charge capacities of Si/Ag/C composite are 2016.9 mAh/g and 1275.0 mAh/g, respectively. A reversible capacity of Si/Ag/C composite after 50 cycles is 325.5 mAh/g retained.
Fabrication and Characterization of Superhydrophobic Film on Titanium Substrate
Authors: Long Dong Ping , Xue Jian Rong , Yan Zhi Xin
Published: October 2013

TiO2 nano film with different nano structure were prepared on the surfaces of titanium TA1 and titanium alloy TC4 via electrochemical anodization. The surface morphology was observed with SEM, and it is found that TiO2 films prepared on TA1 surface have porous structures, while the TiO2 films synthesized on TC4 surface look like nano rod. The contact angle(CA) test results show that the TiO2 nano film prepared on TA1 is hydrophilicity and the CA is about 19°,the film on the TC4 is super hydrophilicity and its CA is smaller than 2°. After combined with fluorinated silane the self-assembled film synthesized on the surfaces and they are superhy- drophobic and the Contact angle is 150° and 158° respectively. It is concluded that both nano- structures and fluoroalkysilanes with low surface energy have play an important role in the wettability with the contact angle is more than 150°. The surface only have nano roughness without the low energy does not show superhydrophobicity.
Preparation of Coralloid α-FeOOH and Discussion on its Crystal Growth Mechanism
Authors: Guo Yan Yan , Wu Hai Bo , Li Ming Yu , Sun Shuai
Published: October 2013

We prepared the novel coralloid hierarchical structure of α-FeOOH composed of rod-shaped nanosheets by wet method using ammonia and ferrous sulfate. Through observation by Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), the morphology and structure of α-FeOOH in the process of growth was presented. And the formation mechanism of this coralloid crystal α-FeOOH was studied, in order to provide important theoretical support for the preparation of high quality iron oxide yellow products.
Wetting Behavior and Interfacial Characteristic of the Sn-3.5Ag Alloy on Ni Substrates
Authors: Zang Li Kun , Yan Hong Liang , Yuan Zhang Fu , Lu Li Ying
Published: October 2013

Wetting behavior and interfacial characteristic of the Sn-3.5Ag/Ni system are investigated by sessile drop method at the temperature range of 523~773K. The reactive wetting processes demonstrate that: contact angles between the solder and Ni substrate decrease as exponential decay and the equilibrium contact angles decrease monotonously with the temperature increasing. Triple-line mobility is enhanced as the temperature increases. Compositions of the Sn-3.5Ag/Ni interface are identified by EPMA and EDS analysis as Ni3Sn4adjacent to the solder and Ni3Sn adjacent to the Ni substrate, respectively. The formation of the interface IMC was known to greatly improve the reliability of the solder joints in integrated circuits.
SEM In Situ Study on Fatigue Crack Growth of LC9 Aluminum Alloy Subjected to Elevated Temperature
Authors: Cai Zeng Jie , Li Xu Dong , Jia Ming Ming
Published: October 2013

Experimental investigations of fatigue cracking behavior of LC9 aluminum alloy (AA LC9) subjected to elevated temperature were conducted with scanning electron microscope (SEM). Results indicate elevated temperature is important for the fatigue crack growth of AA LC9. Based on small crack growth, crack growth rate for AA LC9 is characterized.
Synthesis of β-Phase GeO2 Nanoparticles and their High Pressure Studies
Authors: Zou Xu , Wu Wei , Liu Ran , Li Ze Peng , Li Quan Jun , Liu Bing Bing
Published: October 2013

We fabricated mono-dispersed β-quartz GeO2by microemulsion synthesis at room temperature. The obtained particles were 300 nm sized GeO2walnut and hollow waxberry shaped GeO2which were consisted of nanosphere with average size of 20 nm. The evolution of high pressure studies were devoted in a diamond anvil (DAC) cell by Angle Dispersed X-ray Diffraction (ADXD) at room temperature. A phase transformation of β-GeO2to amorphous GeO2was detected in walnut GeO2, while the waxberry GeO2was found to transform to monoclinic phase directly. It is strongly suggested that size effect played a key role in the high-pressure transformation from the amorphous and monoclinic phase. By fitting the compression data to the BirchMurnaghan equation of state, the bulk moduli of the walnut and waxberry shaped β-GeO2particles were determined to be 33±5, and 38±4 GPa with B0= 3, respectively.
Experimental Study on Magnetic Separation of Oolitic Hematite Ore
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhong Le Le , Gong Wen Qi , Wang En Wen , Lu Yu , Xia Dao Hong
Published: October 2013

To enhance effective use of resources, we use magnetic separation method on the experiment study of a refractory oolitic hematite ore. Research showed that: the grade of raw ore (TFe) was 47.44%, and magnetic iron grade (MFe) was 28.59%. Through magnetic separation experiment, three-step magnetic separation process was chosen. The magnetic field intensity (MFI) of three magnetic separation processes was 1200Oe800Oe400Oe, respectively. After first magnetic separation, the preliminary concentrates was reground to fineness of 87% (-500 mesh). Under the optimal experiment conditions, an iron ore concentrate with grade of 61.11% and a good recovery of 44.35% was obtained.
Texture Development in a Special Rolled AA6016 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: He Tong , Zhang Ning , Sun Wei
Published: October 2013

AA6016 aluminum alloy with a strong β fiber rolling texture was cold rolled to different reductions by means of a special deformation method (side rolling in Chinese). The texture development during side rolling was investigated by X-ray diffraction. The typical B, S and C orientation on the β fiber are transformed into the B'{111}, S'{22 17 9} and C'{011} orientations, respectively. The results show that these orientations are unstable and gradually rotate to the B orientation in the new sample reference frame.
Hot Deformation Behavior and Processing Map of a Nickel-Base Superalloy GH4169
Authors: Kang Fu Wei , Zhang Xue Min , Sun Jian Fei , Zhao Jun Ling
Published: October 2013

The hot deformation behaviors of the nickel-base superalloy GH4169 have been studied by isothermal constant true strain rate compression testing at 950°C-1150°C, 0.01s-1-10s-1and the height reduction 50%. The processing maps of GH4169 alloy have been constructed at different strains on the basis of testing data using a dynamic materials modeling. The maps exhibited two domains: the first at 950°C - 1100°C and strain rate higher than 0.1s-1, with a peak efficiency of power dissipation of 0.1, and the second at 950°C-1100°C and strain rate lower than 1s-1, with a peak efficiency of power dissipation of 0.4 and the strain rate of 0.01s-1. On the basis of microstructure observations, the first exhibits adiabatic shear bands, which called instability domain, the second represents fine recrystallized grain structures, which called stability domain. The optimal hot-working parameters are at 1050°C, 0.01s-1.
Study of the Effect of Oxygen Annealing on YBCO Platelet Aggregates Synthesized by a Biomimetic Method
Authors: Zhang Zi Li , Suo Hong Li , Kursumovic Ahmed , Liu Min , Wang Yi , MacManus-Driscoll Judith L. , Wimbush Stuart C.
Published: October 2013

The effect of different oxygen annealing treatments on the structural and electrical properties of samples of the high temperature superconductor YBa2Cu3O7δ(YBCO) synthesized by a biomimetic method has been studied. By oxygen annealing, the oxygen deficiency resulting from the synthesis in air can be adequately compensated. A two-stage annealing process including a high temperature step results in a sharper superconducting transition and higher critical current density of the YBCO than annealing only at low temperature, due to the additional elimination of carbon residues from the biopolymer additive. To avoid the formation of impurity phases resulting from decomposition of the YBCO during the high-temperature anneal, careful pre-treatment by rinsing the as-synthesized YBCO with distilled water to remove residual NaCl is necessary.
Study on a Novel Structure of C21H9Ba2SrN3O12
Authors: Liu Hai Xing , Liu Qing , Zhang Xiao Ping , Fan Quan Hua , Wang Lin Tong , Yue Hui Juan , Ye Kai Qi
Published: October 2013

In the title compound, C21H9Ba2N3O12Sr, is prepared from a hydrothermal reaction and the crystal structure has been determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallize in Monoclinic, system with space group and cell parameters, C2/c, a=22.668 Å, b=10.937 Å, c=9.05 Å, α=γ=90°, β=90.582°, V=2243.6 Å3. The crystal packing is stabilized by O-H...O and O-H...N hydrogen bonding interaction.
Preparation of Guiqi Polysaccharide and Antioxidant Activity In Vitro
Authors: Pu Xiu Ying , Wang Heng Rui , Fan Wen Bo , Yu Shuang
Published: October 2013

Polysaccharide extracts (ASP, AMP and GQP) were obtained by water extraction and ethyl alcohol deposition method from Angelica sinensis, Astragalus membranaceus and the mixture of Angelicasinensis and Astragalus membranaceus. And the total carbohydrate content of AMP, ASP and GQP was respectively determined to be 63.1%, 48.7% and 76.7% by phenol-sulfuric acid colorimetric method using glucose as the standard. The in vitro antioxidant activities of 3 polysaccharides were evaluated by free radical, superoxide radicals and DPPH free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Among 3 polysaccharides, GQP showed the highest antioxidant activity in vitro at 100-300 μg/mL. These results indicated that the GQP might be useful for developing natural safe antiaging drugs or health food.
Comparison of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Co-Based and Fe-Based Alloy Coatings Deposited by PTA
Authors: Lou Ming , Xu Yu Xiang , Ouyang Hong Wu , Du Yong
Published: October 2013

Stellite 6 Co-based and Hӧganӓs Fe-based alloy coatings were deposited on austenitic engine valve using plasma transferred arc (PTA) hardfacing. The microstructures, composition distribution and mechanical properties of coatings were investigated by combining optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microcopy (SEM), field emission electron-probe analyzer (EPMA) and nanoindentation technique. The microstructures of hardfacing coatings consist of three phases which belong to hypoeutectic structure and Co-based coating has more uniformed and regularly changed microstructure. The determination of mechanical properties reveals that Co-based coating attains higher hardness value (~5.229 GPa), H/E (0.0265) and H3/E*2 (0.00323) than that of Fe-based coating, signified better wear resistance property.
Fracture Analysis on Cracking of 16Mn Flange
Authors: Wang Feng , Shi Chun , Fan Yu Ran , Ma Ai Qing
Published: October 2013

16Mn flanges cracked during producing.Physical and chemical analysis of the cracking 16Mn flange were performed,it was found that the chemical composite of 16Mn flange agreed well with standard NB/T 47008-2011,but the physical properties of it were abnormal,the sharpy values of which were far below standard requriemet.furthermore,the metallographic of the cracking 16Mn flange were bulky network polygonal ferrite and pearlite.And this was the main reason that caused the failure.And on the end some control motheds were suggested to this accident.
Optimal Design of the Thickness of the Multi-Layer Absorption Plates Based on the Max Absorption Coefficient
Authors: Huang Da Yu
Published: October 2013

In this paper, the thickness of the different layer of the multiple-layer homogeneous structure. is optimized designed on the condition that the absorption effort is the best Using the transfer matrix of sound pressure and particle velocity of each layer and the continuity condition at the interface between two lagers, the absorption coefficient of the multiple-layer homogeneous structure is deduced. According to the absorption coefficient, the thickness of different layer is optimized designed on the condition that the absorption effort is the best when the sound wave incident to the multiple-layer homogeneous structure with different frequency. In the last, an experiment is carried out, and the experiment results test the theoretical analysis is correct which can be applied to solve the same kind problem.
Keywords: absorption coefficient multiple-layer absorption optimized design
Investigation on Dynamics of Ultrasonic Surface Rolling Process
Authors: Zhao Xiao Hui , Liu Yu
Published: October 2013

Ultrasonic surface rolling processing (USRP) is a surface nanocrystallization method developed recently, which can bring metal surface with superior properties. In order to obtain the motion state of the processing tip during USRP, a 3D dynamic finite element model was adopted to simulate the response of processing tip. The model parameters were provided by piezoelectric force sensor test system. Simulated results indicate that the peak value of impact force forms at the time of 25μ̓ and the maximum speed of working tip forms at the time of ̃̀μ̓.
Research Progress and Existent Problem of Nano Cement
Authors: Xue Yi Guo , Li Shu Cai , Zhang Nan
Published: October 2013

Nanotechnology provides a new method on modified cement. It introduces the research and application of nanocement situation and existing problems in the paper. The nanocement has better mechanical properties and durability than the current ordinary cement, and it is environmentally friendly. It can improve the microstructure of cement in order to improve their physical and mechanical properties and durability, and it can reduce energy consumption. The current focus is to study the microstructure and mechanical properties of nanoconcrete, as well as how to prepare inexpensive nanomaterials. Future, the nanocement will have a wider application field.
Effect of Deposition Pressure on the Properties of Silicon Thin Films
Authors: Chen Jing Wei , Zhao Lei , Diao Hong Wei , Zhou Su , Wang Ge , Wang Wen Jing
Published: October 2013

Hydrogenated silicon thin film was prepared by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The effects of the deposition pressure on the growth rate, the photoelectronic and microstructure properties of the thin films were investigated via transmission, photo/dark conductivity, Raman spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements. The results indicate that the increase of the deposition pressure increases the bandgap and the growth rate, while makes the photosensitivity get worse, decreasing from more than ~103to ~102. And at the same time, the crystalline volume fraction (Xc) in the film decreases from 70% to 61%, when the deposition pressure increases from 100 Pa to 500 Pa. The order degree of the microstructure was deteriorated with pressure increasing.
Experimental Study on Impermeability Performance of Chopped Basalt Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Wang Hai Liang , Yuan Lei
Published: October 2013

This paper studies on the influence of impermeability in basalt fiber of C50 concrete, and the result was compared with the same dosage of polypropylene fiber. Experimental test show that after incorporating basalt fiber and polypropylene fiber concrete impermeability resistance were significantly improved, the impermeability of polypropylene fiber is superior to basalt fiber.
Study on Properties of Plate Performance of Black Substratum Cement Concrete Pavement
Authors: Yu Wei , Wang Xuan Cang , Zhou Jian Jiao , Feng Zhi An
Published: October 2013

In order to improve aderverse state of connection between cement concrete pavement and base layer, the black substratum of asphalt concrete was set between pavement and base layer. According to the elastic mechanics theory, 3d finite element model of pavement structure was established, the vertical displacement of each structure layer was analyzed by using ANSYS. The results show that black substratum can absorb part of deformation energy by using its good deformation ability, so as to improve the stress condition of the entire pavement structure. It can increase the ability of structure layer deformation coordination to set the black substratum, which can make rigid pavement combine the characteristics of rigid pavement and flexible pavement.
Global Analysis of Polymer Pads in a Bearing Element for a Large-Span Movable Sluice
Authors: Gou Pin , Peng Xu , Ren Lin
Published: October 2013

The contact surface of a hinge suffers huge pressure in particularly bad lubrication conditions. Reinforced polymer bearing pads offers low friction under dry sliding conditions. Load transfer between contact surfaces was studied, showing that the pressure and positions are related to the power output of the loco. The friction coefficient of concave bearings with polymer pads was low, and would not totally failed in a high contact stress. Performances of polymer pads on loads were simulated, and provided a global analysis for the design of the pads.
Research Development of AuSn20 Solder Preparation Technology
Authors: Hu Jie Qiong , Xie Ming , Zhang Ji Ming , Liu Man Men , Chen Yong Tai , Yang You Cai
Published: October 2013

With the development of miniaturization and lead free of electronic products, high demand is put forward about solder. AuSn20 lead free solder is widely used in high reliable hermetic package and die welding due to excellent mechanical property. This paper described the proper ties and preparation technology of AuSn20 solder, pointed out the disadvantages of the conventional drawing and rolling process, casting process and laminose composite process of cold rolling, put out improvement of study method and the preparation technology, investigate and develop the new forming technology for preparing AuSn20 low temperature eutectic solder, will achieve the solid basis for the large-scale production of this material.
Investigation of Heat Treatment on Mechanical Properties of SAE4320 and SAE8620 Alloys
Authors: Tan Li Jun , Wang Jun Qiao , Wang Qing Qun , Chen Xin Long , Zhou Si Zhu
Published: October 2013

The tensile and impact properties of SAE4320 and SAE8620 alloys were investigated. Various heat treatments were applied to these two alloys, including different pre-heat treatment. The results shown that after Carburizing and Quenching, both SAE4320 and SAE8620 alloys were highly sensitively to V-notches for their impact samples. In any case, SAE4320 alloy revealed higher tensile strength, better impact toughness and deformation property. Previous work shown that after Carburizing and Quenching, the impact toughness of SAE8620 alloy was too low, the products made of it was very dangerous. Based on the results, a new advanced product was made of SAE4320 alloy instead of SAE8620 alloy. And the new product exhibited good properties. The impact value of the new product far exceeded the older products.
Shape Analysis of Three-Dimensional Curve Surface for Flexible Rolling Metal Plate
Authors: Qiu Ning Jia , Li Ming Zhe , Li Ren Jun , Yan Fei , Hu Xiao Juan
Published: October 2013

A method to analyze the shape of three-dimensional curve surface for flexible rolling forming metal plate is proposed based on the traditional rolling and multi-point adjustment technology. It has smaller rebound and better forming in comparison with the traditional method which is using the surface deformation. The simulation experiments are implemented using the developed experimental device to demonstrate the feasibility and practicality of the flexible rolling forming. The proposal could be used in the various industries.
Effects of Cutting Parameters on Residual Stresses in High-Speed Milling of Ti-17
Authors: Liang Yong Shou , Ren Jun Xue , Luo Yuan Feng , Zhang Ding Hua
Published: October 2013

An experimental study was conducted to determine cutting parameters of high-speed milling of Ti-17 according to their effects on residual stresses. First, three groups of single factor experiments were carried out to reveal the effects of cutting parameters on residual stresses. Then sensitivity models were established to evaluate the influence degrees of cutting parameters on residual stresses. After that, three criteria were proposed to determine cutting parameters from experimental parameter ranges. In the experiments, the cutting parameter ranges are recommended as [371.8, 406.8] m/min, [0.363, 0.412] mm and [0, 0.018] mm/z for cutting speed, cutting depth and feed per tooth, respectively.
Research on the Effect of Mechanical Processing on Lithium Tantalate Crystal Pyroelectric Coefficient
Authors: Liang Ting , Lin Si Jia , Li Ying , Lei Cheng , Xue Chen Yang
Published: October 2013

Lithium tantalate (LT) is a kind of excellent pyroelectric materials that can be made into high performance pyroelectric detector. As the detector voltage response and detection rate inversely proportional to the thickness of the infrared sensing element, So the thinning of lithium tantalate crystals becomes a key of success. This design uses CMP method to produce 50 μm thickness of LT wafer, and via charge integration method with computer automatic test system to test the pyroelectric coefficient of crystals with different thickness and surface roughness. The pyroelectric coefficient of crystal achieved 203 μC·m-2k-1 proves the favorable pyroelectric properties.
Test Platform for Marine Anti-Interference Satellite Navigation Receiver
Authors: Cao Ke Jing , Hu Yan Feng , Zhu Yin Bing , Liu Rui
Published: October 2013

Aimed at Marine satellite navigation receiver out-field anti-jamming test problem, interference patterns, interference power, ways of setting up the jammer are discussed in this paper. It proposes constraint conditions, calculation methods and evaluation methods of the test system on the lake. The actual design and test use show that the system can better simulate Marine satellite navigation receiver using conditions, and can complete receiver anti-jamming out-field test.
The Development and Application of Small Watershed Hydrological Telemetry System
Authors: Chen Li Hua , Liao Fu Quan
Published: October 2013

Small watershed floods have a short confluence time. Aiming at the demand of flash floods forecast, we do this research mainly around two key components, telemetry terminal and central station software. First, we design the telemetry terminal technology index, telemetry terminal circuit and GXU-1001 Hydrological Telemetry Terminal. They all based on equipment interface, communication channel, working mode, data sampling, solid-state storage, data query, parameter settings, power management, equipment, power consumption and other special technical requirements. Second, we developed central station software for GXU-1001, realize the telemetry terminal set parameters, received and compiled data, managed database, remote diagnosis and calibration, forwarded data, leak proof message, etc. The application in medium reservoirs of Baise, Guangxi, China shows the water level, rainfall, and images can be automatically acquired, transfered and processed. It provides timely and accurate hydrological data for the flood control and disaster mitigation.
The Application and Research of CATV Communication Technology in the Field of Electricity Consumption Information Collection in China
Authors: Song Xiao Hui , Lin Fan Tao , Bai Jing Fen , Yang Xiang Jiang
Published: October 2013

This paper presents the application of bidirectional communication technology of CATV in Electricity Consumption Information Collection System (ECICS), analyses the architecture of bidirectional communication technology and the communication technologies to improve the quality of service, describes the physical architecture, security architecture and system functions of ECICS based on CATV communication network .
Signal Processing of Giant Magnetostritive Force Sensors
Authors: Yan Rong Ge , Zhu Li Hua , Yang Qing Xin
Published: October 2013

Based on the analysis of the principle of giant magnetostrictive force sensor, the signal processing system of the sensor has been designed. First, this paper designs manual and automatic working mode for the giant magnetostrictive force sensor. Using SCM as a micro-controller, its peripheral interface circuits hardware system have been designed, including signal amplification circuit, analog to digital (A/D) conversion interface circuit, LED display interface circuit, determinant keyboard input interface circuit and imposing force control circuit. This system is able to display the numerical value of the imposed force. The software of the whole system is designed. Experiments are conducted to show that the signal processing system works well, which is important to practical application of the giant magnetostritive force sensor.
Comparison of Single and Multi-Population Evolutionary Algorithm for Path Planning in Navigation Situation
Authors: Kuczkowski Łukasz , Śmierzchalski Roman
Published: October 2013

In this paper a comparison of single and multi-population evolutionary algorithm is presented. Tested algorithms are used to determine close to optimal ship paths in collision avoidance situation. For this purpose a path planning problem is defined. A specific structure of the individual path and fitness function is presented. Principle of operation of single-population and multi-population evolutionary algorithm is described. Using presented algorithms the simulations on three close to real sea environments were performed. Regardless of the test situation constant time simulation was maintained. Obtained results are presented in graphical form (sequences of successive stages of the simulation) and in form of table in which the values of fitness function for best individual in each simulation were compared. Undertaken research allow to select evolutionary algorithm that, assuming constant simulation time, will determine a better path in close to real collision avoidance situation at sea.
Hybrid Position/Force Control in Robotised Machining
Authors: Gierlak Piotr
Published: October 2013

The article presents an application of the neural hybrid position/force control of the robotic manipulator. Realisation of many machining processes requires an application of the hybrid position/force control in order to perform the desired robot trajectory, which results from the machined surface geometry, and the desired tool downforce. The application of the robotic manipulator for realisation of the machining process enables to elimination of human handwork and ensures greater accuracy and repeatability of products. In the article is presented mainly the application of the hybrid position/force control system, in which a multilayer neural network is applied in order to manipulator nonlinearities compensation.
Application of Vibroacoustic Methods for Monitoring and Control of Comfort and Safety of Passenger Cars
Authors: Burdzik Rafał , Konieczny Łukasz
Published: October 2013

The paper presents the possibilities of application of vibroacoustic methods for monitoring and control of comfort and safety of passenger cars. It is described the WSA program for vibration signals processing. The paper presents some results of prototype experimental research and conception of the monitoring and control of comfort and safety system. The results of the WSA modules can be the input signal for the damping properties control system integrated with mechatronics system of vibration absorbing elements of suspension or engine and powertrain system mounting and springing elements.
Neuro-Dynamic Programming in Control of the Ball and Beam System
Authors: Burghardt Andrzej , Szuster Marcin
Published: October 2013

This paper presents a new approach to the control problem of the ball and beam system, with a Neuro-Dynamic Programming algorithm implemented as the main part of the control system. The controlled system is included in the group of underactuated systems, which are nonlinear dynamical objects with the number of control signals smaller than the number of degrees of freedom. This results in problems in the formulation of a stable control algorithm, that guarantees stabilization of the ball in the desired position on the beam. The type of ball and beam material has a noticeable influence on the difficulties in stabilization of the ball, because of a smaller rolling friction and big inertia of the used metallic ball in comparison to other, for example made of non-metallic materials. The main part of the proposed discrete control system is the Neuro-Dynamic Programming algorithm in a Dual-Heuristic Dynamic Programming configuration, realized in a form of two neural networks: the actor and the critic. Neuro-Dynamic Programming algorithms use the Reinforcement Learning idea for adaptation of artificial neural network weights. Additional elements of the control system are the PD controller and the supervisory term, that ensures stability of the closed system loop. The control algorithm works on-line and does not require a preliminary learning phase of the neural network weights. Performance of the control algorithm was verified using the physical system controlled by the dSpace digital signal processing board.
Optimization-Supported Decision-Making in the Marine Game Environment
Authors: Lisowski Józef
Published: October 2013

This paper analyses optimization methods and game theory to support decision making by a navigator when controlling a vessel in various real navigational situations at sea. We have demonstrated the structure of a computer system for supporting manoeuvring decisions by a navigator. Navigational situations of an optimal and game ship control have been classified. We have also described game algorithms for supporting decision-making in a form of non-cooperative and cooperative positional and matrix games, respectively. The considerations have been illustrated with a computer simulation, using the Matlab/Simulink software, of algorithms for determining safe trajectories of a vessel in a real navigational situation at sea.
Prediction of the Spatial Orientation of a Ship by Means of Neural Networks
Authors: Praczyk Tomasz , Szymak Piotr
Published: October 2013

When designing a control system for a ship gun, the problem is to predict orientation of the ship in an assumed reference frame. This problem can be solved with different regression tools out of which one are neural networks. To verify their abilities to predict spatial orientation of a ship, experiments were carried out. In the experiments, the task of neural networks was to predict the roll angle which changed according to seven model sinusoid functions with different parameters and higher harmonic components.
Remote Control System for Rescue Robot
Authors: Bartnicki Adam , Sprawka Piotr , Rubiec Arkadiusz
Published: October 2013

Unmanned ground platforms are increasingly used to perform tasks under direct threat to the operators life and health. Separating an operator from a controlled machine places high demands to its steering system. The requirement of reliability put to such platforms in terms of potential threats makes their steering systems being very precise controlled and tested at the stage of construction. The key element in the steering process of unmanned ground platforms are surroundings display systems which determine the success of conducting rescue operations. This paper presents an unmanned ground platform controlled by remote operator and describes some of the functionality tests of the remote control system. Keywords: Robot, Remote Control, Vision System, Teleoperation
Create Terrain Maps for Unmanned Ground Platform
Authors: Typiak Andrzej , Gnatowski Michał , Szklarski Jacek
Published: October 2013

A typical unmanned and remotely operated platform is usually equipped with cameras which give insufficient information about the nearest environment and an operator has difficulties in driving such a platform in unknown environment. In this paper, a problem of the platform nearest area map building based on additional devices is considered. The platform is equipped with SICK LMS lasers, inclinometer and radars. Combining information from the devices allows to build a map which helps an operator to drive the platform more efficiently.
Cylinder Pressure Patterns in the SI Engine Fuelled by Methane and by Methane and Hydrogen Blends
Authors: Ambrozik Andrzej , Ambrozik Tomasz , Kurczyński Dariusz , Łagowski Piotr , Trzensik Edward
Published: October 2013

nternal combustion engine has been in existence for a long time, but it is still in the scope of research interests and is contained in the subject matter of numerous development studies and analyses. The paper presents basic goals of research into combustion engines. A short characteristics of piston combustion engine as an object of control and adjustment was provided. It was indicated that measurements of the working medium cylinder pressure patterns could be applied to control the performance of the engine, especially the multi-fuel one. The paper presents the results of measurements of the working medium pressure patterns in the cylinder of 1.6 dm3X16SZR engine of Opel Astra car, which was fuelled by petrol, methane, and also by methane and hydrogen blends. Substantial differences in the cylinder pressure patterns were found for the engine running on alternative fuels and on conventional fuel. An increase in the hydrogen content in the blend resulted in an increase in the maximum pressures in the engine cylinder and improvements of indicated parameters when compared with the parameters determined for the engine fuelled by pure methane.
Designing Diagnosis of the Ship's Hull Strenght
Authors: Szturomski Bogdan , Grządziela Andrzej , Kluczyk Marcin
Published: October 2013

The paper presents problems of modeling the ships hull loaded by the shock wave associated with non-contact underwater explosion. These problems are mainly due to the rapidness of the phenomena and the need of taking into consideration that processes go on at the border of different centers (water medium-ships hull-air). The article presents analysis for describing the parameters of shock wave as well as preliminary results of virtual tests of the steel hull subjected to an impulse load.
Religion, theology and cosmology
Authors: Fitzgerald John T.
Published: October 2013

Cosmology is one of the predominant research areas of the contemporary world. Advances in modern cosmology have prompted renewed interest in the intersections between religion, theology and cosmology. This article, which is intended as a brief introduction to the series of studies on theological cosmology in this journal, identifies three general areas of theological interest stemming from the modern scientific study of cosmology: contemporary theology and ethics; cosmology and world religions; and ancient cosmologies. These intersections raise important questions about the relationship of religion and cosmology, which has recently been addressed by William Scott Green and is the focus of the final portion of the article.Kosmologie is tans een van die belangrikste navorsings-terreine en ontwikkelings in moderne kosmologie. Dit het ‘n nuwe belangstelling wakker gemaak in die verband wat tussen godsdiens, teologie en kosmologie bestaan. Hierdie artikel, wat bedoel is as ‘n bondige inleiding tot die artikelreeks oor die teologiese kosmologie in hierdie tydskrif, identifiseer drie algemene areas wat van teologiese belang is: die hedendaagse teologie en etiek; die kosmologie en wêreldgodsdienste; en die antieke kosmologieë. Die verband wat tussen hierdie velde bestaan, opper belangrike vrae oor die verhouding tussen godsdiens en kosmologie wat onlangs deur William Scott Green behandel is. Dit is die fokus van die laaste deel van die artikel.
Further Erosion of Our Moral Compass: Failure to Expand Medicaid to Low-Income People in All States
Authors: O'Donnell Michael P.
Published: October 2013

Expanding Medicaid eligibility to all of the 13 million U.S. citizens who do not have medical insurance and earn up to 138% of poverty is projected to reduce their annual death rate 30% and prevent 44,789 premature deaths a year. However 21 states representing 6.3 million newly eligible people have confirmed that they will NOT expand Medicaid eligibility and 5 more, representing 1.8 million more, have not yet made a decision, despite the fact that the federal government will pay 100% of the cost the first 3 years, and 90% on an ongoing basis. Is the failure to expand because of party politics? Is it sound economic analysis? Is it beliefs about the role of government? The answers are, of course, maybe not, and probably … but it is not as simple as I first thought.
Analysis of the PKT correction for direct CO2 flux measurements over the ocean
Authors: Landwehr S. , Miller S. D. , Smith M. J. , Saltzman E. S. , Ward B.
Published: October 2013

Abstract. Eddy covariance measurements of air–sea CO2 fluxes can be affected by cross-sensitivities of the CO2 measurement to water vapour, resulting in order-of-magnitude biases. Well established causes for these biases are (i) cross-sensitivity of the broadband non-dispersive infrared sensors due to band-broadening and spectral overlap (commercial sensors typically correct for this) and (ii) the effect of air density fluctuations (removed by determining the CO2 mixing ratio respective to dry air). However, another bias related to water vapour fluctuations has recently been observed with open-path sensors, and was attributed to sea salt build-up and water films on sensor optics. Two very different approaches have been used to deal with these water vapour-related biases. Miller et al. (2010) employed a membrane drier to physically eliminate 97% of the water vapour fluctuations in the sample air before it enters the gas analyser. Prytherch et al. (2010a) on the other hand, employed the empirical (Peter K. Taylor, PKT) post-processing correction to correct open-path sensor data. In this paper, we test these methods side by side using data from the Surface Ocean Aerosol Production (SOAP) experiment in the Southern Ocean. The air–sea CO2 flux was directly measured with four closed-path analysers, two of which were positioned down-stream of a membrane dryer. The CO2 fluxes from the two dried gas analysers matched each other and were in general agreement with common parametrisations. The flux estimates from the un-dried sensors agreed with the dried sensors only during periods with low latent heat flux (≤ 7 W m−2). When latent heat flux was higher, CO2 flux estimates from the un-dried sensors exhibited large scatter and an order-of magnitude bias. We applied the PKT correction to the flux data from the un-dried analysers and found that it did not remove the bias when compared to the data from the dried gas analyser. Our detailed analysis of the correction algorithm reveals that this method is not valid for the correction of CO2 fluxes.