bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of new reference genes with stable expression patterns for cell cycle experiments in human leukemia cell lines
Authors: Tóth Otília , Rácz Gergely Attila , Oláh Eszter , Tóth Máté , Szabó Edit , Várady György , Vértessy Beáta G. , Nagy Nikolett
Published: January 2025

Cell cycle-dependent gene expression analysis is particularly important as numerous genes show tightly regulated expression patterns at different phases of the cell cycle. For cancer cells, analysis of cell cycle-related events is of paramount significance since tumorigenesis is characteristically coupled to cell cycle perturbations. RT-qPCR is a highly sensitive technique to investigate cell cycle-dependent transcriptional regulation. However, for reliable evaluation of qPCR data reference genes with stable mRNA expression are required. Although several studies investigating cell cycle-dependent gene expression employ frequently used reference genes, the suitability of these reference genes has not been thoroughly investigated so far. Moreover, such potential reference genes for cell cycle analysis have not been described in the literature. Therefore, we aimed to identify reference genes characterized with stable expression throughout the cell cycle in MOLT4 and U937 human leukemia cell lines synchronized with RO-3306 CDK1 inhibitor using RT-qPCR. Here we show that for cell cycle-dependent gene expression analysis the commonly used TBP is suitable, while the recently recognized reference genes SNW1 and CNOT4 are applicable in a cell line-dependent manner. We also suggest that proper selection of reference genes for each experimental condition is crucial for reliable normalization as these aspects can severely compromise conclusions.
Holographic inspired high-performance circular polarized spoof surface plasmon polariton leaky-wave antenna excited by a novel launcher
Authors: Zohrevand Sajjad , Chaychi Zadeh Mohammad Amin , Farokhipour Ehsan , Erni Daniel , Komjani Nader
Published: January 2025

The holographic technique is one of the simplest methods for designing antennas based on metasurface. This paper presents a spoof surface plasmon polariton (SSPP) leaky-wave antenna (LWA) based on the concept of impedance modulated metasurfaces by the anisotropic holographic technique. Instead of parasitic elements, anisotropic SSPP elements are exploited to achieve radiation with circular polarization. The characteristics of the SSPP elements are obtained by the aperture field estimate method. The hologram surface consists of hollow cross-bars unit cells. The anisotropy of each unit cell is achieved by combining the transformation optic method and the particle swarm optimization algorithm. A major challenge of the SSPP LWA based on modulated impedance surfaces is to find a suitable excitation technique. This study proposes a waveguide strip line launcher for excitation to minimize interference on the radiation pattern beam. The designed launcher provides a good impedance matching from 8 to 20 GHz, with an impedance bandwidth of 142%. The peak gain, radiation efficiency, axial ratio (AR) bandwidth, and side lobe level at the design frequency of 18 GHz are 19.7dBi, 93%, 11%, and − 12.1 dB, respectively. After optimizations and simulations are conducted using MATLAB and CST software, the proposed antenna is fabricated, and its radiation characteristics are measured. The measured results agree well with the simulated ones, indicating the high validity of the method.
Potential of CoMn2O4 spinel as soot oxidation catalyst and its kinetics thereof
Authors: Nithya R. , Patil Sunaina S. , Dasari Hari Prasad , Dasari Harshini , Nethaji S.
Published: January 2025

Efficient catalysts for soot oxidation are critical for mitigating environmental pollution. In this study, CoMn2O4 spinel catalysts were synthesised using reverse co-precipitation and co-precipitation methods to evaluate their performance in soot oxidation and kinetic behaviour. All samples exhibited a tetragonal phase (XRD) and spherical morphology with rough surfaces (SEM). Raman spectroscopy confirmed structural disorder and oxygen vacancies, while XPS analysis revealed the presence of low-valence Mn ions, facilitating oxygen vacancy formation critical for soot oxidation. Additionally, the co-existence of Co and Mn ions contributed to a synergistic effect, enhancing the catalytic properties of the spinel structure. The reverse co-precipitation method produced a catalyst with a higher concentration of oxygen vacancies and active oxygen species among the samples. This sample demonstrated superior catalytic performance, achieving a T50% of 424 °C, low activation energy (153 kJ/mol) and pre-exponential factor (25 min− 1). Soot TPR analysis highlighted the role of catalyst reducibility, while thermogravimetric analysis revealed that activation energy and pre-exponential factors were influenced by surface composition. These findings provide valuable insights into the design of efficient catalysts for soot oxidation, emphasising the importance of synthesis methods and surface characteristics.
Simulated Antarctic sea ice expansion reconciles climate model with observation
Authors: Liu Wei
Published: January 2025

Observations reveal Antarctic sea ice expansion and Southern Ocean surface cooling trends from 1979 to 2014, whereas climate models mostly simulate the opposite. Here I use historical ensemble simulations with multiple climate models to show that sea-ice natural variability enables the models to simulate an Antarctic sea ice expansion during this period under anthropogenic forcings. Along with sea-ice expansion, Southern Ocean surface and subsurface temperatures up to 50oS, as well as lower tropospheric temperatures between 60oS and 80oS, exhibit significant cooling trends, all of which are consistent with observations. Compared to the sea-ice decline scenario, Antarctic sea ice expansion brings tropical precipitation changes closer to observations. Neither the Southern Annular Mode nor the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation can fully explain the simulated Antarctic sea ice expansion over 1979–2014, while the sea-ice expansion is closely linked to surface meridional winds associated with a zonal wave 3 pattern.
Functional brain network dynamics mediate the relationship between female reproductive aging and interpersonal adversity
Authors: Petrican Raluca , Chopra Sidhant , Segal Ashlea , Fallon Nick , Fornito Alex
Published: January 2025

Premature reproductive aging is linked to heightened stress sensitivity and psychological maladjustment across the life course. However, the brain dynamics underlying this relationship are poorly understood. Here, to address this issue, we analyzed multimodal data from female participants in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (longitudinal, N = 441; aged 9–12 years) and Human Connectome-Aging (cross-sectional, N = 130; aged 36–60 years) studies. Age-specific intrinsic functional brain network dynamics mediated the link between reproductive aging and perceptions of greater interpersonal adversity. The adolescent profile overlapped areas of greater glutamatergic and dopaminergic receptor density, and the middle-aged profile was concentrated in visual, attentional and default mode networks. The two profiles showed opposite relationships with patterns of functional neural network variability and cortical atrophy observed in psychosis versus major depressive disorder. Our findings underscore the divergent patterns of brain aging linked to reproductive maturation versus senescence, which may explain developmentally specific vulnerabilities to distinct disorders.
Challenges and applications of artificial intelligence in infectious diseases and antimicrobial resistance
Authors: Cesaro Angela , Hoffman Samuel C. , Das Payel , de la Fuente-Nunez Cesar
Published: January 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed infectious disease control, enhancing rapid diagnosis and antibiotic discovery. While conventional tests delay diagnosis, AI-driven methods like machine learning and deep learning assist in pathogen detection, resistance prediction, and drug discovery. These tools improve antibiotic stewardship and identify effective compounds such as antimicrobial peptides and small molecules. This review explores AI applications in diagnostics, therapy, and drug discovery, emphasizing both strengths and areas needing improvement.
Integrating 3D printing of biomaterials with nitric oxide release
Authors: de Almeida Herllan V. , Bomediano Mateus P. , Catori Daniele M. , Silva Elizaura H. C. , de Oliveira Marcelo G.
Published: January 2025

This review highlights the challenges, key strategies, and future perspectives for integrating 3D printing of biomaterials with nitric oxide (NO) release for biomedical applications.
Biochar boost: revolutionizing functionalization of a difficult material
Authors: Cheema Sara M. K. , Schneider Celine M. , Morin Jean-François , Chevallier Pascale , Stockmann T. Jane , Kerton Francesca M. , MacQuarrie Stephanie L.
Published: January 2025

Fishing out a concise way to characterize phosphonium-modified biochars using novel 13C{1H} and 31P{1H} CPMAS solid-state NMR studies.
Rational design and synthesis of atomically precise nanocluster-based nanocomposites: a step towards environmental catalysis
Authors: Kumar Alok , James Glory , Aparna Ravari Kandy , Mandal Sukhendu
Published: January 2025

This feature article highlights recent advancements in the synthesis of NC@MOF composites, focusing on cutting-edge strategies for characterization and catalytic applications.
Chemical proteomic profiling reveals prostaglandin termination enzyme PTGR2 as a key molecular target of natural coumarin fraxetin
Authors: Kang Songyao , Cai Zhiwei , Wang Yuqing , Yin Qing , Dai Ang , Zhang Zhou , Shi Juan , Lian Jie , Song Shuo , Fu Yu , Zhong Fangrui , Bian Yangyang , Zhao Fangyuan , Liu Jianhua , Zhao Weining
Published: January 2025

The comprehensive profiling of protein targets for natural coumarin fraxetin is achieved via chemical proteomics, with PTGR2 emerging as a key target, shedding light on the diverse biological activities of natural coumarins.
Pushing the limits of electron donation for cis-chelating ligands via an alliance of phosphonium ylide and anionic abnormal NHC
Authors: El Kadiri Mustapha , Cherradi Abdelhaq , Filippov Oleg A. , Duhayon Carine , César Vincent , Shubina Elena S. , Lahcini Mohammed , Valyaev Dmitry A. , Canac Yves
Published: January 2025

We report the design of chelating C,C-ligands with extreme electron-donating character, which can even promote C–H bond functionalization in typically inert Rh(i) dicarbonyl complexes.
Electronic structure of norbornadiene and quadricyclane
Authors: Cooper Joseph C. , Kirrander Adam
Published: January 2025

The ground and excited state electronic structure of the molecular photoswitches quadricyclane and norbornadiene is examined qualitatively and quantitatively.
Role of local structural distortions in the variation of martensitic transformation temperature with e/a ratio in Ni2Mn1+xZ1−x (Z = In, Sn or Sb) alloys
Authors: Manea Nafea , Welter Edmund , Priolkar K. R.
Published: January 2025

Smaller the difference between Ni–Mn and Ni–Z bond distances, higher the e/a values at which martensitic transformation appears.
Enhancing valley splitting and anomalous valley Hall effect in the V-doped Janus MoSeTe monolayer
Authors: Lei Shulai , Wang Jiayao , Zhao Rongli , Sun Jinbo , Li Shujuan , Xiong Xinyue , Wang Yin , Xu Ke
Published: January 2025

V-doped Janus MoSeTe exhibits remarkable valley spin splitting (60 meV) and an AVHE, with strain-tunable valley polarization, paving the way for advanced valleytronic devices.
Transition metal atoms embedded in monolayer C13N3 as OER/ORR bifunctional electrocatalysts
Authors: Yu Xiaoxue , Xu Junkai , Wang Yunhao , Fang Jianjun , Yue Xianfang , Galvão Breno R. L. , Li Jing
Published: January 2025

Developing bifunctional electrocatalysts for efficiently catalyzing the oxygen evolution/reduction reaction (OER/ORR) is essential for water electrolysis and other processes.
Effects of oxygen vacancy formation energy and Pt doping on the CO2 hydrogenation activity of In2O3 catalysts
Authors: Wei Zhangqian , Bao Yuanjie , Wang Yuchen , Li Shenggang
Published: January 2025

Effects of VO formation energy and Pt doping on the In2O3-catalyzed CO2 hydrogenation reaction were studied using DFT-based microkinetic simulations.
A “phosphorus derivative” of aziridines: on the importance of ring strain energy and three heteropolar bonds in azaphosphiridines
Authors: García Alcaraz Antonio , Rey Planells Alicia , Espinosa Ferao Arturo , Streubel Rainer
Published: January 2025

Initial encounter complex formation with nucleophiles enhances ring strain in azaphosphiridines thus promoting P–C bond cleavage.
Push–pull effect – how to effectively control photoinduced intramolecular charge transfer processes in rhenium(i) chromophores with ligands of D–A or D–π–A structure
Authors: Choroba Katarzyna , Palion-Gazda Joanna , Kryczka Anna , Malicka Ewa , Machura Barbara
Published: January 2025

The latest developments in controlling the photoinduced processes of Re(i) tricarbonyl complexes bearing D–A and D–π–A ligands with six different diimine cores decorated by various electron-rich amine, sulphur-based and π-conjugated aryl groups.
Combined intercalation and space-charge mechanism enabled high-capacity, ultrafast and long-lifespan sodium-ion storage for chalcogenide anodes
Authors: Pan Feilong , Li Zhao , Yao Shiyu , Liu Jingyi , Wei Zhixuan , Chen Xiao , Xie Yu , Du Fei
Published: January 2025

A new intercalation and space-charge mechanism is discovered in dichalcogenides for sodium-ion batteries, achieving superior capacity, rate and cycling performance.
Cation-regulated MnO2 reduction reaction enabling long-term stable zinc–manganese flow batteries with high energy density
Authors: Wang Yiqiao , Hong Hu , Wei Zhiquan , Li Dedi , Yang Xinru , Zhu Jiaxiong , Li Pei , Wang Shengnan , Zhi Chunyi
Published: January 2025

Reversible Mn2+/MnO2 reaction for Zn–Mn flow batteries achieved by modulating the solvation-shell structure of Mn2+ and the structure of electrodeposited MnO2 through a cation-assisted effect.
Crystal plane shielding and D-band modulation synergistically achieve durable (100) textured zinc anodes
Authors: Ren Xiangyu , Chen Guangwei , Chang Pengfei , Ju Shenghong , Wu Yunwen
Published: January 2025

Reconstruction of Zn surfaces using BED and its dynamic adsorption–desorption behavior synergistically improve the stability of Zn anodes.
A “grafting technique” to tailor the interfacial behavior of hard carbon anodes for stable sodium-ion batteries
Authors: Sun Yu , Zuo Daxian , Xu Chengrong , Peng Bo , Li Jing-Chang , Yang Jie , Xu Sheng , Sun Xinyi , Zhou Haoshen , Guo Shaohua
Published: January 2025

A novel strategy for grafting a highly fluorinated molecule on the HC surface (FHC), which functionally enhances the reversible sodium storage behavior in the slope region and contributes to the architecture of a robust NaF-rich SEI.
Ferrate–acetylacetonate system to promote the degradation of sulfadimethoxine in mariculture tailwater
Authors: Sun Hongwei , Li Zheng , Du Qiankun , Li Hanzhang , Su Hua , Lin Jiamin , Zheng Yuyi , Cai Kaicong , Jiang Shuangcheng , Liu Changqing , Wu Chunshan
Published: January 2025

Fe(vi)–AA has good removal effect on SDM in mariculture tailwater, which provides a new idea for the removal of antibiotics in mariculture tailing water.
Ammonia synthesis from nitrate reduction by the modulation of a built-in electric field and external stimuli
Authors: Zhang Shaoce , Zhang Rong , Guo Ying , Zhi Chunyi
Published: January 2025

Introducing a built-in electric field/external stimuli is an efficient strategy to promote the nitrate reduction reaction for ammonia production.
Modulation of electron distribution and intermediate adsorption by C–O–Si sites for efficient oxygen reduction and lithium storage
Authors: Yang Shouhua , Tang Ying , Yang Zhen , Yang Shengchao , Li Boqin , Peng Wencai , Peng Banghua , Wang Gang , Liang Jie , Ji Junyi , Yu Feng
Published: January 2025

Porous Si-doped banana-peel biomass-derived carbon is successfully fabricated. The charge distribution of the carbon can be regulated by abundant C–O–Si bonds, leading to enhanced ORR activity/selectivity and a modulated ORR reaction pathway.
Direct asymmetric α-C–H functionalization of N-unprotected allylamine catalyzed by chiral pyridoxal
Authors: Liang Hanyu , Cao Jiaxuan , Zhang Hailong , Huang Longjie , Liu Siqi , Wu Tianhao , Xiao Xiao , Zhao Baoguo
Published: January 2025

In this work, we report the first direct asymmetric C–H functionalization of N-unprotected allylamine, yielding chiral α-trifluoromethyl-β-amino alcohols and further extending the applications of VB6-based asymmetric biomimetic catalysis.
Reducing laser energy to suppress air interference for plasma amplification LIBS detection of nitrogen in an aerosol solution
Authors: Yang Xinyan , Zhu Peng , Li Dongdong , Liu Chang , Zhang Xu , Hong Tao , Ren Hongmei , Hua Zefeng , Qin Zhengbo , Sun Zhongfa , Zheng Xianfeng
Published: January 2025

A simple and low-cost method has been developed to suppress nitrogen interference from air by reducing the laser energy of plasma amplification LIBS closer to the laser energy threshold.
Long-chain crosslinker-induced patterning on an elastic polymer film for robust and reversible information encryption/decryption
Authors: He Qitong , Zhao Qiuhua , Zhang Lidong
Published: January 2025

This work reports a long-chain crosslinker-induced surface-patterning method that enables the complex patterns with highly-structural stability at the surface of elastic film for multilevel encryption/decryption.
Graphene spatiotemporal reconfigurable intelligent surface (GSRIS) for terahertz polarization-state manipulation and holographic imaging
Authors: Ma Tianyu , Si Liming , Dang Chenyang , Niu Rong , Wu Genhao , Bao Xiue , Sun Houjun , Zhu Weiren
Published: January 2025

Integrating 2D materials with metasurfaces enables real-time terahertz wave control. This study presents a graphene-based reconfigurable surface for terahertz polarization manipulation, multi-beam generation, and holographic imaging.
Advancing energy storage and producing potential with a single source driven semiconducting BaS3:Cs2S:La2S3 chalcogenide prepared via a sustainable mode
Authors: Ahmad Khuram Shahzad , Jaffri Shaan Bibi , Panchal Harsh , Gupta Ram K. , Abdel-Maksoud Mostafa A. , Malik Abdul , Al-Qahtani Wahidah H.
Published: January 2025

BaS3:Cs2S:La2S3 with efficient operation towards energy storage and electro-catalysis was developed. It expressed profound energy storage with a specific capacitance of 1093 F g−1 in addition to lower OER/HER overpotentials.
Introducing N atoms into hydrogen-substituted graphdiyne for enhanced NH3 sensing performance at room temperature
Authors: Ma Dong-Feng , Jia Ya-Nan , Zhang Xue , Zhang Xi-Yu , Zhao Yong-Qing , Niu Fang , Zhang Kai-Feng
Published: January 2025

N-doped HsGDY showed excellent sensing ability with a high response to ppb levels of NH3. N atoms combined with ethynyl groups in the HsGDY skeleton synergistically enhanced the NH3 sensing ability.
Recent progress in the organoselenium-catalyzed difunctionalization of alkenes
Authors: Qu Pei , Liu Gong-Qing
Published: January 2025

The recent advances on the organoselenium-catalyzed difunctionalization of alkenes were comprehensively summarized in this review.
Total synthesis of linear lipodepsipeptide kavaratamide A and its C25-epimer
Authors: Sahu Manas Ranjan , Ingale Sudhir R. , Kontham Ravindar
Published: January 2025

We report the stereoselective total synthesis of kavaratamide A, a linear lipodepsipeptide from the cyanobacterium Moorena bouillonii (collected in Kavaratti, India), and its unnatural C25-epimer.
Decreased energy barrier and improved interfacial kinetics for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting using La-engineered LDHs coupled with BiVO4
Authors: Zheng Kejun , Wang Tao , Yu Xingyu , Xia Yujiao , Niu Jing , Tao Yinglei , Pan Jiaxin , Chang Kun , He Jianping , Liang Yanyu
Published: January 2025

A hydrothermal method was used to load Co2FexLa1−x-LDHs on surface of BiVO4 photoanode as a co-catalyst. The Co2FexLa1−x-LDHs can generate more oxygen vacancies, enhance the energy barrier of rate-determining step and improve the kinetics process.
Realizing stable transition metal(111) metallene by introducing a non-metallic framework to construct 2D Janus TMB2X (X = O and S) nanostructures and investigating their hydrogen evolution catalytic performance
Authors: Gou Wenqiong , Lv Mingyue , Yu Guangtao , Chen Wei
Published: January 2025

The group VIII TM(111) metallene can be effectively stabilized using the nonmetallic framework of BO/BS, creating novel 2D Janus TMB2X (X = O and S) nanostructures. They can hold great potential for electrocatalysis in the HER reaction.
Nitrogen-inversion-based racemate aggregation and interenantiomer π-stacking-induced solid-state fluorescence enhancement
Authors: Huang Zesheng , Qin Xiaoyi , Liu Yanshan , Zhu Qiuhua
Published: January 2025

Achiral TTHPs except 5k aggregate via N1-inversion-based racemates, and inter-enantiomer cofacial π-stacking abnormally enhances ΦSF values significantly.
Composition of the isopropanol-soluble portion and fast pyrolysis product distribution of the insoluble part from Pakistani lignite
Authors: Zhao Gui-han , Ma Ya-ya , Ren Yuan , Xiao Jun , Mo Wen-Long , Guo Jia , Wei Xian-Yong , Fan Xing , Naeem Akram
Published: January 2025

Pakistani lignite (PLC) was thermally dissolved at 300 °C using isopropanol (IPA) to obtain a soluble portion (SP) and insoluble portion (ISP).
Retraction: Rapid and selective detection of aluminum ion using 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid-functionalized gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensor
Authors: Zhao Shengliang , Chen Liqiong , Liu Feiyan , Fan Yongyao , Liu Yiheng , Han Yulai , Hu Yunfei , Su Jingyun , Song Chunyan
Published: January 2025

Retraction of ‘Rapid and selective detection of aluminum ion using 1,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid-functionalized gold nanoparticle-based colorimetric sensor’ by Shengliang Zhao et al., RSC Adv., 2021, 11, 30635–30645, https://doi.org/10.1039/D1RA04834A.
Engineering mechanisms of proton-coupled electron transfer to a titanium-substituted polyoxovanadate–alkoxide
Authors: Cooney Shannon E. , Duggan S. Genevieve , Walls M. Rebecca A. , Gibson Noah J. , Mayer James M. , Miro Pere , Matson Ellen M.
Published: January 2025

The mechanism of proton-coupled electron transfer at the surface of titanium-substituted polyoxovanadate-alkoxide clusters can be tuned by judicious selection of substrate.
A versatile entry to unnatural, disulfide-linked amino acids and peptides through the disulfuration of azlactones
Authors: Iwata Masaki , Takami Yuzuki , Asanuma Hayato , Hosono Kenya , Ohno Hibiki , Yoshikai Naohiko , Kanemoto Kazuya
Published: January 2025

An efficient method for preparing SS-linked amino acid/peptide derivatives has been developed via a base-catalyzed disulfuration reaction of azlactones, followed by ring-opening functionalization.
Rapid (≤25 °C) cycloisomerization of anhydride-tethered triynes to benzynes – origin of a remarkable anhydride linker-induced rate enhancement
Authors: Sneddon Dorian S. , Kevorkian Paul V. , Hoye Thomas R.
Published: January 2025

An anhydride linker between a 1,3-diyne and tethered diynophile greatly accelerates the cycloisomerization that produces a HDDA benzyne: (t1/2 = 9 min for a triyne and even shorter for a tetrayne).
Design of a new Ni@NCNT/graphene hybrid structured catalyst for high-performance electrochemical CO2 reduction: unravelling the roles of N-doping
Authors: Zhu Jian , Hu Jing , Wang Zhenyu , Lu Zhouguang , Das Shoubhik , Cool Pegie
Published: January 2025

Doping strategies have been recognized as effective approaches for developing cost-effective and durable catalysts with enhanced reactivity and selectivity in the electrochemical synthesis of value-added compounds directly from CO2.
Mutually antagonistic molecular clips: symmetry-breaking non-covalent bonds at the chiral–nonchiral interface
Authors: Bae Sungryul , Jeong Younjae , Lee Dongwhan
Published: January 2025

Life's homochirality may have emerged from mutual antagonism. As a synthetic model, chiral molecular clips form mirror-image dimers with a record-high 180-fold selectivity, effectively amplifying and transmitting asymmetry.
A two-dimensional fluorescence and chemiluminescence orthogonal probe for discriminating and quantifying similar proteins
Authors: Li Juan , Zhao Xiuyan , Zhang Yutao , Lu Yao , Xue Haoyun , Li Dan , Liu Qiang , Yan Chenxu , Chi Weijie , Xiao Xingqing , Zhu Wei-Hong , Guo Zhiqian
Published: January 2025

We report an innovative two-dimensional orthogonal strategy which is sequentially triggered with hydrolysis-initiated fluorescence and photocycloaddition-induced chemiluminescence, enabling identification and quantitation of human serum albumin and bovine serum albumin.
Oxide derivatives of metal–organic frameworks for water splitting: a concise review
Authors: Abitha Murugesan , Viswanathan Chinnusamy , Ponpandian Nagamony
Published: January 2025

This article discusses water splitting principles, strategies like electronegative atom incorporation, heterostructures, hybrids, bimetallic centers, and rapid mass transport, concluding with insights on MOF-derived oxides and future directions.
Lewis acidic W/WO3−x heterostructure-coupled Ir catalysts with low Ir loading for efficient pH-universal water splitting
Authors: Shao Wenjie , Zhang Yiming , Yan Rui , Ma Tian , Li Shuang
Published: January 2025

Different reduction degree tungsten compound supported Ir catalysts, Ir–WO3−x, Ir–W/WO3−x, and Ir–W catalysts were designed for full pH water splitting, the Ir–W‖Ir–W electrolyzer shows a low cell voltage of 1.593 V at 10 mA cm−2 in 1.0 M PBS.
Constructing oxygen vacancies in anatase TiO2: enhancing acetylene semi-hydrogenation performance through H2 heterolytic cleavage
Authors: Zhang Qianjun , Yao Chong , Zhang Fan , Chen Yicheng , Li Zile , Zhou Yongkang , Qin Yingxue , Xu Longyu , Feng Feng , Zhao Jia , Lu Chunshan , Zhang Qunfeng , Wang Qingtao , Li Xiaonian
Published: January 2025

TiO2 samples with varying oxygen vacancy (OV) concentrations were synthesized by adjusting the atmosphere and temperature. Characterization confirmed their relative OV content, which showed a positive correlation with acetylene conversion.
Methylated naphthalene additives with various melting and boiling points enable a win–win scenario of optimizing both cost and efficiency of polymer solar cells
Authors: Li Tao , Zhang Xiaoying , Chen Qi , Zhang Zhi-Guo , Shen Ping , Weng Chao
Published: January 2025

Readily available 2-methylnaphthalene (2-MN) was demonstrated as a volatile solid additive to achieve a good win–win situation of optimizing among efficiency, cost and environmental issues.
Introducing phenol-yne chemistry for the design of lignin-based vitrimers: towards sustainable and recyclable materials
Authors: Sougrati Lisa , Duval Antoine , Avérous Luc
Published: January 2025

Designing of lignin-based vitrimers using phenol-yne chemistry to develop sustainable and recyclable aromatic polymer materials.
Thermo-sensitive polycaprolactone coacervates for preventing protein aggregation under thermal stress
Authors: Zheng Xinyue , Wen Lianlei , Xiao Yan , Lang Meidong
Published: January 2025

Inspired from heat shock proteins (HSPs), a thermo-sensitive coacervate-forming polycaprolactone (CPCL) was designed as a natural chaperone mimic to protect proteins from thermal stress.
Recent breakthroughs in through-space charge transfer in π-stacked molecules as thermally activated delayed fluorescent emitters for OLED applications
Authors: Madhusudana Rao Kummara , Ramaraghavulu Rajavaram , Kolli Deepti , Babu S. Harinath , Vattikuti S. V. Prabhakar , Godumala Mallesham
Published: January 2025

π-Stacked through-space charge transfer materials as TADF emitters are highly attractive for OLEDs due to their enhanced TADF characteristics enabled by controlled molecular rotations.
Voice Meets Swallowing: A Scoping Review of Therapeutic Connections
Authors: Castillo-Allendes Adrián , Searl Jeff , Vergara José , Ballentine Natalie , Ebdah Soud , Rameau Anaïs , Hunter Eric J.
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

This scoping review aimed to explore the use of volitional voice tasks in assessing swallowing-related outcomes and to evaluate their therapeutic impact on swallowing disorders, including their effects on swallowing biomechanics.

Method:

This scoping review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. A literature search was performed across multiple databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus), and additional records were identified through manual searches. After screening and eligibility assessment, 36 studies were included for data extraction and analysis. The Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies was employed to evaluate the quality of the included studies.

Results:

The review identified various volitional voice tasks, such as maximum phonation time and pitch glides, as potential assessment tools for predicting swallowing-related outcomes. Additionally, voice tasks targeting pitch modulation, increased vocal loudness, and squeezed voice quality showed promising therapeutic benefits for swallowing disorders across different populations, especially individuals with neurological conditions and head and neck cancer.

Conclusions:

While methodological limitations were found in current literature, volitional voice tasks demonstrate potential as complementary tools for assessing and treating swallowing disorders, leveraging their interconnected neurological and biomechanical mechanisms underlying functions. Further research with more robust methodologies is needed to establish the efficacy of these integrated interventions, facilitate their translation into clinical practice, and test new possibilities.
Dual-Task Interference in the Assessment of Listening Effort Before and After Cochlear Implantation in Adults: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Ceuleers Dorien , Dhooge Ingeborg , Baudonck Nele , Swinnen Freya , Kestens Katrien , Keppler Hannah
Published: January 2025

Purpose:

This study aimed to assess the magnitude and direction of dual-task interference in a listening effort dual-task paradigm in individuals with severe-to-profound hearing loss before and in the short- and long-term after cochlear implantation.

Design:

The study sample consisted of 26 adult candidates for cochlear implantation with severe-to-profound hearing loss. The dual-task paradigm consisted of a primary speech understanding task, conducted in a quiet condition, and a favorable and unfavorable noise condition on the one hand and a secondary visual memory task on the other hand. The dual-task effect for both tasks and the derived patterns of dual-task interference were determined. Participants were evaluated at four test moments: before cochlear implantation and at 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months after implantation.

Results:

Across all listening conditions, a shift was observed from patterns of dual-task interference with worse and stable scores for the primary speech understanding task in the dual-task condition compared to the baseline condition before implantation, toward patterns in which stable or better scores were obtained, respectively, for the primary task in the dual-task condition after implantation. This indicates that more attention could be allocated to the primary speech understanding task during the dual-task condition after implantation, implying a decreased listening effort.

Conclusions:

A decreased listening effort was found after cochlear implantation. This study provides additional insights into the evolution of dual-task interference after cochlear implantation. It highlights the importance of interpreting both the primary and secondary tasks using a dual-task paradigm in the assessment of listening effort.
Point‐PC: Point cloud completion guided by prior knowledge via causal inference
Authors: Gao Xuesong , Jiao Chuanqi , Chen Ruidong , Wang Weijie , Nie Weizhi
Published: January 2025

The goal of point cloud completion is to reconstruct raw scanned point clouds acquired from incomplete observations due to occlusion and restricted viewpoints. Numerous methods use a partial‐to‐complete framework, directly predicting missing components via global characteristics extracted from incomplete inputs. However, this makes detail recovery challenging, as global characteristics fail to provide complete missing component specifics. A new point cloud completion method named Point‐PC is proposed. A memory network and a causal inference model are separately designed to introduce shape priors and select absent shape information as supplementary geometric factors for aiding completion. Concretely, a memory mechanism is proposed to store complete shape features and their associated shapes in a key‐value format. The authors design a pre‐training strategy that uses contrastive learning to map incomplete shape features into the complete shape feature domain, enabling retrieval of analogous shapes from incomplete inputs. In addition, the authors employ backdoor adjustment to eliminate confounders, which are shape prior components sharing identical semantic structures with incomplete inputs. Experiments conducted on three datasets show that our method achieves superior performance compared to state‐of‐the‐art approaches. The code for Point‐PC can be accessed by https://github.com/bizbard/Point‐PC.git.
Hybrid multi‐scale residual network for high‐voltage circuit breakers fault diagnosis
Authors: Shao Hongping , Jiang Yizhe , Zhao Jianeng , Yang Mingkun , Wang Xinyu , Yang Hao
Published: January 2025

In this letter, a novel Hybrid Multi‐Scale Residual Network (HMSR‐Net) is proposed to improve the accuracy of fault diagnosis in the spring operating mechanisms of High‐Voltage Circuit Breakers (HVCBs). To facilitate enhanced fault classification across diverse operational conditions, five distinct fault states are simulated in addition to a baseline healthy condition, thereby capturing the nuanced and multi‐scale features of vibration signals within varying working environments. The vibration signals generated during spring energy release are collected utilizing a test platform specifically for HVCBs. These one‐dimensional time‐series signals are transformed into two‐dimensional time‐frequency images by wavelet transform, thereby offering a precise and multi‐scale representation of local signal characteristics. Subsequently, the generated time‐frequency images are processed by the proposed HMSR‐Net, extracting deep and discriminative features that are further classified with a Multi‐Layer Perceptron (MLP) classifier. Experimental evaluations on field‐measured fault vibration data reveal that HMSR‐Net achieves a fault recognition accuracy of 98.2%, which notably outperforms other machine learning and deep learning approaches.
Flat sub-Lorentzian structures on Martinet distribution
Authors: Sachkov Yuri
Published: January 2025

Two flat sub-Lorentzian problems on the  Martinet  distribution are studied. For the first one, the attainable set has a nontrivial intersection with the Martinet plane, but for the second one it does not. Attainable sets, optimal trajectories, sub-Lorentzian distances and spheres are described.
Effect of Organic and Inorganic Soil Amendments on Cadmium Immobilization and Bioaccumulation in Chinese Cabbage
Authors: JIA Manke , WU Chunrong , LI Yinghua , TAN Zhongfu , CAI Guoyong , LUO Shaohua , LIU Liming
Published: January 2025

Chemical immobilization, as a cost-effective and environmentally friendly technique, has been widely researched in the remediation of cadmium (Cd)-contaminated soil. The key is to find appropriate amendments and optimize their use. In this study, the effects of the application of an inorganic material (phosphorus slag (PS)) and organic materials (biochar (BC) and beer lees (BL)), individually or combinedly on the immobilization of Cd in contaminated soil and subsequent bioaccumulation in Chinese cabbagewere investigated. The results showed that PS and PS+BL were more effective in decreasing exchangeable Cd (EX-Cd) than other treatments, decreased by 91.2% in the PS treatment and by 64.0% in the PS+BL treatment. However, the soil enzyme activity and soil microbial activity decreased in the treatment with PS alone. In contrast, the combination use of PS and BL could increase soil enzyme activity, soil microbial activity, and functional diversity, and decrease EX-Cd as well. Moreover, the PS+BL treatment reduced the accumulation of Cd in Chinese cabbage most effectively, 81.5% in roots and 72.5% in shoots. This treatment could also increase the aboveground height and chlorophyll content of Chinese cabbage while reducing the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). Thus, the PS + BL treatment is highly recommended for Cd immobilization, as it can improve soil quality and reduce Cd accumulation in Chinese cabbage at the same time and hence promote plant growth.
Features of the interaction of hydrogenm with α-PdHn alloys
Authors: Liubymenko O. M.
Published: January 2025

The article presents the results of experimental studies on the influence of successive hydrogen injections into the chamber on the kinetics of maximum bending for cantilevers made of α-PdHn alloy. It was found that the time to reach the maximum bending of the cantilever increases with each subsequent hydrogen injection, with the same increase in hydrogen concentration. This phenomenon is explained by the accumulation of hydrogen in the crystal lattice of palladium, which causes changes in diffusion processes and expansion of the crystal lattice. For the first time, a plateau effect was recorded after reaching the maximum bending, which indicates the establishment of a thermo-baro-elastic equilibrium between the penetration of hydrogen and the mechanical response of palladium. The study also showed that with each subsequent inflow of hydrogen into the chamber, the duration of the relaxation process of hydrogen concentration stresses increases, which indicates an increase in internal stresses in the material structure. A non-linear relationship between the hydrogen concentration and the expansion of the palladium crystal lattice was found, especially in the region of non-ideal solutions, which is accompanied by changes in the physical properties of palladium alloys. In addition, a correlation was established between the maximum bending value and the number of bends, which opens up new perspectives for predicting the mechanical properties of materials in environments with a high hydrogen content.
Influence of deposition pressure on electrical properties of silver nanofilms
Authors: Udachan S. , Kolavekar S. B. , Ayachit N. H. , Udachan L. A. , Siddanna S. , Kolkundi S. S. , Kumar K. Naveen
Published: January 2025

Silver nanofilms can achieve unique optical, electrical properties and can have better performance relative to other metal films in optical applications. Silver layers are ideal for reflecting and conducting electrodes for nanofilm solar cells. The conductivity of silver nanofilm depends strongly on its electronic structure. Electrical resistivity data as a function of nanofilm thickness were analyzed within the framework of Fuchs–Sondheimer and Mayadas–Shatzkes theories. In the present study, we have evaluated conduction electron mean free path and specularity parameter at different deposition pressures.
Observation of new band in stimulated luminescence of solid nitrogen
Authors: Bludov M. A. , Khyzhniy I. V. , Uyutnov S. A. , Gumenchuk G. B. , Savchenko E. V.
Published: January 2025

Recent results on the study of spontaneous and stimulated luminescence of solid nitrogen in the near-infrared (NIR) range are presented. Irradiation was performed with an electron beam of subthreshold energy in the dc mode. Three series of experiments were performed: (a) measurement of cathodoluminescence (CL) at different electron energies on samples of different thicknesses, (b) measurements of thermally stimulated luminescence (TSL) in combination with thermally stimulated exoelectron emission (TSEE) from pre-irradiated samples, and (c) recording of non-stationary luminescence curves (NsL) on selected wavelengths during gradual heating of samples under an electron beam. Three emission bands were recorded in the NIR TSL spectra of solid N2: 794, 802, and 810 nm which form the γ-group. The band at 810 nm in stimulated luminescence was detected for the first time. The positions of all three spectral features coincide in the spectra of spontaneous and stimulated luminescence, as evidenced by a comparison of the CL spectrum recorded at 5 K with the TSL spectrum recorded at the TSL maximum at 16 K. A comparison of the CL spectra obtained under different conditions showed that there is no complete correlation in the behavior of emission from the 2D state of the N atom and the γ-group, which could be expected in the case of the formation of the γ-band emitting centers via electron attachment to the N(2D) atom as it was suggested in [R. E. Boltnev et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 18, 16013 (2016)]. The glow curves measured for these 3 bands were found to correlate with each other and with the TSEE yield. This finding indicates common origin of these bands and their connection with the neutralization reaction. The correlation of the γ-band NsL in the range of low temperatures (5–20 K) with the NsL measured at the 0-4 band of the a′1Σu−→X1Σg+ transition, which is the “fingerprint” of the tetranitrogen cation N4+ [E. V. Savchenko, et al. J. Phys. Chem. A119, 2475 (2015)], points to possible connection of the γ-band with the neutralization of N4+.
Temperature-dependent operation of laser passive Q-switches based on the polyurethane matrix
Authors: Bezrodna T. , Negriyko A. , Bezrodnyi V. , Matsnev I. , Kosyanchuk L. , Antonenko O. , Nesprava V.
Published: January 2025

Temperature effects on the initial transmission of the laser passive Q-switch based on the BDN dye-doped polyurethane matrix were investigated in wide temperature range from –60 to +60°C. The temperature behavior of the Q-switch initial transmission was analyzed since its characteristics determined significantly the parameters of laser generation. The measured output energy of a single pulse from the neodymium laser on the 4F3/2 → 4I11/2 transition was shown to be dependent on the mutual spectral location of the laser generation wavelength and the dye absorption band of the S0 → S1 electron transition.
Magnetic properties and enhanced magnetocaloric effect in EuAl3Si single crystals
Authors: Zeng Hai , Zou Shuo , Wang Zhou , Li Ziyu , Luo Kangjian , Luo Yongkang
Published: January 2025

This study presents systematic investigations into the growth and physical properties of EuAl3Si single crystals, encompassing magnetic, transport, and thermodynamic analyses. EuAl3Si undergoes a ferromagnetic transition at TC = 15 K. A significant reversible magnetocaloric effect was observed around TC. Strikingly, with a small change of magnetic field 2 T, the maximum values of magnetic entropy change (13.4 J/kg K), refrigerant capacity (166 J/kg), and adiabatic temperature change (7.2 K) are found. These parameters, respectively, are 60%, 148%, and 64% larger than those of the parent compound EuAl4 and suggest EuAl3Si as an excellent candidate for magnetic-refrigeration applications near the temperature of liquid hydrogen. The possible mechanism for this enhancement is also discussed.
An active torque model for regulating tuna finlets
Authors: Zhang Jun-Duo , Han Peng , Xu Chun-Xiao , Sung Hyung Jin , Huang Wei-Xi
Published: January 2025

Finlets, characterized by their series of small triangular fins, represent a notable adaptation observed in tuna and other scombrid fish renowned for their remarkable high-speed swimming abilities. This study focuses on elucidating the control mechanism underlying the pitching motion of finlets by establishing and numerically analyzing both passive and active finlet models through coupled simulations. While the passive model demonstrates qualitative similarities with experimental data, discernible disparities highlight the necessity for active control mechanisms to fully understand and replicate the intricate dynamics of finlet motion. An active torque model is introduced, derived from the correlation between the necessary torques and the observed experimental pitching motions. The results of this active model demonstrate good alignment with the prescribed model, confirming its effectiveness in reproducing responses similar to those of the muscles attached to the finlet root. These findings provide quantitative validation for the active control mechanism that regulates tuna finlets, thus elucidating the underlying mechanics of the fluid. Moreover, they offer valuable insights for advancing research in active flow control, not only in tuna but also in other biomimetic propulsion systems.
Quantum photonics sensing in biosystems
Authors: Moreva Ekaterina , Cimini Valeria , Gianani Ilaria , Bernardi Ettore , Traina Paolo , Degiovanni Ivo P. , Barbieri Marco
Published: January 2025

Quantum sensors emerged among quantum technologies as the ones with promising potential applications in the near future. This perspective reviews two leading quantum sensing platforms and their advancements toward biological applications: quantum light sources and color centers in diamonds. Quantum light, including squeezed states and N00N states, allows enhanced phase measurements by surpassing the classical shot noise limits. This advantage can be exploited in several contexts, enabling improved resolution and sensitivity, which are particularly valuable in biological contexts where traditional high-intensity illumination could damage or alter delicate samples. In parallel, color centers in diamonds, specifically nitrogen-vacancy and silicon-vacancy centers, also emerged as promising for sensing applications due to their high sensitivity and biocompatibility. These sensors enable detailed intracellular measurements, such as temperature detection, and show potential for measuring magnetic fields of biological origin. Despite these advancements, significant challenges remain in translating these technologies from a controlled laboratory environment to practical, widely applicable devices for diverse biological applications. Overcoming these challenges is crucial for unlocking the full potential of quantum sensors in the biological field.
Multiscale modeling of wake-induced propeller cavity bursting
Authors: Wang Xincheng , Wang Yongshuai , Cheng Huaiyu , Ji Bin
Published: January 2025

Propeller cavity bursting, triggered by the sharp hull wake, can significantly increase broadband noise. However, its complex multiscale nature presents substantial challenges for numerical simulations, limiting the prediction accuracy for propeller cavitation noise to only the first few blade-passing frequencies. To overcome this limitation, this study explores the potential of a novel Euler–Lagrange hybrid model for simulating cavity bursting and the resulting broadband noise. Focused on a benchmark test case of the INSEAN E779A propeller, the numerical results effectively reproduce the measured cavity bursting and its associated broadband pressure fluctuations, providing valuable insights for realistic simulations of propeller cavitation noise.