bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The transient response of high-speed wheel/rail rolling contact on “roaring rails” corrugation
Authors: Yu Miao , Wang Wei-dong , Liu Jin-zhao , Sun Shan-chao
Published: February 2019

A high-speed wheel/rail finite element model is developed to focus on the non-steady-state rolling contact. The wheel/rail contact is solved based on the surface-to-surface contact algorithm, and the explicit finite element method is used to simulate the dynamic high-speed wheel/rail rolling contact. Considering the track–vehicle coupling system dynamics and the wheel/rail geometric nonlinearities, the wheel/rail contact on the short wave rail corrugation under the high-frequency vibration and the influence of train passing frequency on the track–vehicle system dynamics are studied. The explicit finite element method can be used to simulate the non-steady-state rolling contact process of the high-speed wheel/rail. After the initial load condition, the wheel/rail contact state tends to be stable in a short period of time. The short wave corrugation causes the high-frequency vibration of the track–vehicle system; the slightly advanced phase of the wheel/rail contact force promotes the development of rail corrugation in the rolling direction. When the train passing frequency is close to the rail pinned–pinned frequency, the pinned–pinned resonance occurs. The overall vibration near the fastening is relatively large and accelerates the damage of components. The longitudinal force is clearly affected by the traction torque with a periodic wheel/rail stick-slip vibration. The pinned–pinned resonance will promote the sliding wear at the wave trough near the fastening and it will become severe with the increase of the traction.
Developing Intercultural Competence Through Collaborative Learning in International Higher Education
Authors: de Hei Miranda , Tabacaru Corina , Sjoer Ellen , Rippe Ralph , Walenkamp Jos
Published: February 2019

In this study, it was hypothesized that collaborative learning in international higher education contributes to the development of intercultural competence. Two hundred fifty-two students of an International Business and Management Study program of a Dutch university participated in two surveys on collaboration in a group-learning activity and one survey on their development of intercultural competence. In addition, three groups of four to six students took part in focus group interviews. The results indicated that when students perceive that the group process improves, the quality of the collaboration in terms of verbal interaction and equal contribution will also improve. Furthermore, the results revealed that a higher perceived quality of the collaboration relates to an increasing development of intercultural competence. The findings are discussed and related to implications for the use of group-learning activities in international higher education.
An iterative learning control algorithm based on time varying pilot factor
Authors: Huang Jing , Xu Zhenxiang , Li Guoxiu , Qiu Cheng , Huang Haitao
Published: February 2019

Owing to the control system being repetitive and nonlinear, a time-varying pilot factor control algorithm based on iterative learning control is proposed. The convergence of the TPF-ILC control algorithm is mathematically proven and the sufficient conditions are given. Thereafter, the initial state issue of iterative learning is explored, which is the critical issue of iterative learning control. The convergence of the system’s control error and the initial state of every single period have been mathematically proved by using continuous and repetitive properties of the system, even if the initial states of every single iterative learning period are not strictly the same. At the end of this paper, the TPF-ILC algorithm is applied in a hydraulic servo control system, and experimental results indicate the effectiveness and practicability of the TPF-ILC algorithm.
The Characteristics of Blue Laser Imaging and the Application in Diagnosis of Early Digestive Tract Cancer
Authors: Bi Yiliang , Min Min , Zhang Fengmei , Li Xiaosong
Published: February 2019

Background:

The blue laser imaging is a kind of new endoscopic system, sending 2 different wavelengths of laser.

Result:

It can observed that the gastrointestinal mucosa shallow capillaries and mucosal surface microstructure are shown in bright and high resolution images, thus being helpful to the diagnosis of early digestive tract cancer. It has unique advantages compared with the existing technique. This article reviewed the application of blue laser imaging in diagnosis of early gastrointestinal carcinoma.
Continuous Glucose Monitoring Diving and Diabetes: An Update of the Swedish Recommendations
Authors: Jendle Johan , Adolfsson Peter
Published: February 2019

Divers travel to different countries to explore various diving sites worldwide. In 2005, the Divers Alert Network (DAN) published their guidelines for recreational diving and diabetes mellitus. However, although years have passed, there is still no consensus in the form of international guidelines on diabetes and diving. Large differences are noted with regard to the regulations in different countries. Furthermore, the diabetes technology has evolved rapidly and is not reflected in current international guidelines. This is potentially both a medical and an insurance problem for a diver with diabetes. We present a short summary of the recently updated Swedish recommendations for recreational divers with type 1 diabetes mellitus, focusing on the use of continuous glucose monitoring and continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion during such circumstances.
Development of a tissue-engineered skin substitute on a base of human amniotic membrane
Authors: John Samuel , Kesting Marco Rainer , Paulitschke Philipp , Stöckelhuber Mechthild , von Bomhard Achim
Published: February 2019

Allogenic graft material and tissue engineering have recently shown promising results for the improvement of both esthetic and functional outcomes in the treatment of large skin defects. We chose human amniotic membrane as a cellular scaffold in order to develop a skin substitute for later in vivo uses. Various methods of de-epithelialization of the human amniotic membrane were evaluated by histological analysis including hematoxylin–eosin and laminin staining, optic coherence tomography, and scanning electron microscopy with 0.25/0.02% trypsin/ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid treatment and mechanical cell removal showing an almost complete loss of the epithelium and a mainly intact basement membrane. Novel examination of human amniotic membrane by optic coherence tomography was feasible, but difficulties were experienced in handling and interpretation of the tissue as no comparable data exist. Subsequently, we developed an air–liquid interface cell culture to cultivate keratinocytes and fibroblasts on the de-epithelialized human amniotic membrane. We achieved a mostly keratinized surface on the epidermal side with a confluent fibroblast network on the chorion side.
‘Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown’. A qualitative study of ethical PR practice in the United Kingdom
Authors: Jackson Daniel , Moloney Kevin
Published: February 2019

The dynamics of ethical behaviour has long been a preoccupation of the Public Relations (PR) field, yet in the United Kingdom, there are few empirical studies of ethical practice to date. In this article – through interviews with 22 UK Public Relations practitioners (PRPs) in small and medium-sized enterprises – we address this empirical gap. We examine three dimensions of ethical practice: societal responsibilities, truth-telling and the role of professional bodies. In the literature, the PRP is often positioned as the ethical conscience of the corporation, but in Shakespeare’s words, ‘uneasy lies the head that wears a crown’. Our findings reveal a range of ethical standards, some of which would make professional bodies blush. Many PRPs aspire towards an ethical counsel role but lack agency in the face of commercial and organisational forces. Rather than challenge such forces and the system they are part of, participants talked of coping strategies. At the same time, practitioners flow between ethical identities, painting a fluid, complex and occasionally contradictory picture of ethical practice that does not fall neatly into ethical metanarratives. While deontological ethical frameworks (typically expressed through codes of conduct) have dominated the professional field, our findings suggest that for many practitioners, such codes remain distant. Findings are discussed within ongoing debates around professionalisation, professional identity and the political economy of PR work.
Value Awareness: A New Goal for End-of-life Decision Making
Authors: Fischhoff Baruch , Barnato Amber E.
Published: February 2019

The principal policy tool for respecting the preferences of patients facing serious illnesses that can prompt decisions regarding end-of-life care is the advance directive (AD) for health care. AD policies, decision aids for facilitating ADs, and clinical processes for interpreting ADs all treat patients as rational actors who will make appropriate choices, if provided relevant information. We review barriers to following this model, leading us to propose replacing the goal of rational choice with that of value awareness, enabling patients (and, where appropriate, their surrogates) to be as rational as they can and want to be when making these fateful choices. We propose approaches, and supporting research, suited to individuals’ cognitive, affective, and social circumstances, resources, and desires.
Exogenous Testosterone Does Not Influence 11-Oxygenated C19 Steroid Concentrations in Healthy Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Davis Susan R , Turcu Adina F , Robinson Penelope J , Bell Robin J
Published: February 2019

Context

11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione (11OHA4), 11β-hydroxytestosterone (11OHT), and their respective peripheral derivatives, 11-ketoandrostenedione (11KA4) and 11-ketotesosterone (11KT), have been implicated in androgen-related physiopathology. Little is known of these steroids in postmenopausal women or whether exogenous testosterone therapy influences their levels.

Objective

The impact of exogenous testosterone on serum levels of 11-oxygenated steroids was determined in healthy postmenopausal women.

Participants and Methods

Levels of 19-carbon (C19) steroids were measured by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry in serum obtained at baseline and at 12 and 26 weeks from 73 healthy postmenopausal women, aged 55 to 65 years, who participated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial assessing the effects of transdermal testosterone on cognitive performance.

Results

Of the 11-oxygenated androgens, 11OHA4 was the most abundant (median, 6.46 nmol/L; range, 1.51 to 23.82 nmol/L), with concentrations several fold greater than its precursor androstenedione (median, 1.38 nmol/L; range, 0.52 to 2.92 nmol/L). Baseline median (range) testosterone and 11KT levels were similar [0.56 (0.23 to 1.48) nmol/L; 0.85 (0.25 to 2.86) nmol/L, respectively). 11OHT was closely correlated with 11KT (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, 0.79; P < 0.001) and 11OHA4 correlated with 11KA4 (Spearman rank correlation coefficient, 0.73; P < 0.001). Testosterone therapy resulted in an increase in serum testosterone level, whereas all 11-oxygenated androgens remained unchanged throughout the 26 weeks of treatment.

Conclusion

After menopause, the adrenal production of 11-oxygenated derivatives of androstenedione and testosterone contributes importantly to the total circulating androgen pool. Exogenous testosterone does not influence the circulating levels 11-oxygenated C19 steroids.
Effect of Body Mass Index Category on Body Surface Area Calculation in Children Undergoing Cardiac Procedures
Authors: Nafiu Olubukola O. , Owusu-Bediako Kwaku , Chiravuri S. Devi
Published: February 2019

BACKGROUND:

Many of the common equations used for body surface area determination were either introduced before the widespread prevalence of childhood obesity, contained very few children in their sample, or have not been assessed in overweight/obese children. Therefore, we compared 6 body surface area formulae to determine their performance across body mass index categories using cross-sectional anthropometric data of children who underwent elective cardiac procedures.

METHODS:

We selected 6 formulae from the literature that included data from pediatric subjects in their derivation. We then substituted measured height and weight into each equation to compute body surface area data for the study subjects. The average values of the 6 formulae were calculated for each patient and used as reference for comparison. Comparisons between each formula and the reference standard were made with the 1-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient (measure of precision), the Lin concordance correlation coefficient (measure of bias and precision), and the Bland-Altman limit-of-agreement. All comparisons were made across age, sex, and body mass index categories.

RESULTS:

Among the 1000 (mostly Caucasian: 76.1%) subjects, 16.7% were overweight, while 14.1% were obese and 51.2% were girls. All calculated body surface area data showed a strong positive correlation with each other and the derived reference body surface area values (0.99–1.00; P < .001). Calculated body surface area values for all the formulae were significantly higher in overweight and obese children across every age group.

CONCLUSIONS:

Obesity status is a critical factor in the determination of body surface area values in children undergoing elective cardiac procedures. We caution that indexed hemodynamic and other therapeutic interventions may be inappropriate if limitations of body surface area formulae and the effect of obesity are not taken into consideration when caring for overweight and obese children. Body surface area studies utilizing accurate contemporary techniques that include sufficient number of overweight and obese children of various races are urgently needed.
Efficacy of Sugammadex in Preventing Skin Test Reaction in a Patient With Confirmed Rocuronium Anaphylaxis: A Case Report
Authors: Binczak Marie , Fischler Marc , Le Guen Morgan
Published: February 2019

The curative role of sugammadex has been challenged in several observations of rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis because sugammadex may not completely encapsulate the molecule of rocuronium. In such conditions, rocuronium remains able to cause immunoglobulin E cross-linkage and the anaphylaxis mechanism can continue. We describe a case of rocuronium-induced anaphylaxis in which clinical improvement followed sugammadex administration. Intradermic skin tests confirmed rocuronium immunoglobulin E–mediated anaphylaxis but also showed intradermal injection of mixing in equal molecular ratio of sugammadex with rocuronium preventing rocuronium anaphylactic skin reaction. This observation demonstrates the efficacy of sugammadex to prevent rocuronium interaction with the skin immune system.
Ena orchestrates remodelling within the actin cytoskeleton to drive robust Drosophila macrophage chemotaxis
Authors: Davidson Andrew J. , Millard Tom H. , Evans Iwan R. , Wood Will
Published: February 2019

The actin cytoskeleton is the engine that powers the inflammatory chemotaxis of immune cells to sites of tissue damage or infection. Here we combine genetics with live, in vivo imaging to investigate how cytoskeletal rearrangements drive macrophage recruitment to wounds in Drosophila. We find that the actin-regulatory protein Ena is a master regulator of lamellipodial dynamics in migrating macrophages where it remodels the cytoskeleton to form linear filaments that can then be bundled together by the cross-linker Fascin. In contrast, the formin Dia generates rare, probing filopods for specialised functions that are not required for migration.

Ena's role in lamellipodial bundling is so fundamental that its over-expression increases bundling even in the absence of Fascin by marshalling the remaining cross-linking proteins to compensate. This reorganisation of the lamellipod generates cytoskeletal struts that push against the membrane to drive leading edge advancement and boost cell speed. Thus, Ena-mediated remodeling extracts the most from the cytoskeleton to power robust macrophage chemotaxis during their inflammatory recruitment to wounds.
Development of Thermoelectric Conversion Materials Using Carbon Nanotube Sheets
Authors: Fujigaya Tsuyohiko
Published: February 2019

Recently, thermoelectric (TE) conversion has attracted strong interests toward converting waste heat to electrical potential for applications such as portable and wearable electronic devices. Among a number of different candidates including inorganic and polymeric materials, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) are particularly attractive due to their non-toxicity, material abundance, solution processability, remarkable electrical conductivity and so on. Here, progress in TE research based on SWCNT sheets is reviewed mainly for air stabilization of n-type SWCNT sheets and the TE properties of semiconducting SWCNT sheets.
Synthesis, Structure, and Electrochemical Properties of [Na(SO3)2(RPO3)4MoV4MoVI14O49]5− (R = Propyl or t-Butyl)
Authors: Fujibayashi Masaru , Shiga Misaki , Tsunashima Ryo , Nakamura Takayoshi
Published: February 2019

New mixed-valence polyoxometalate (POM)-organic hybrids, i.e., [Na(SO3)2(PrPO3)4MoV4MoVI14O49]5− and [Na(SO3)2(t-BuPO3)4MoV4MoVI14O49]5−, were synthesised and studied using crystallography, solution-phase 31P NMR, and electrochemistry. These species comprise four organic phosphonates bonded to a metal oxide cage. Derivatization was achieved by considering the pKa of the organic phosphonates and sulfite anions that acted as templates for the self-assembly of molybdate with POM. All the clusters were prepared in a water-acetonitrile mixed solvent system by a one-pot procedure and showed multi-step redox cycles, revealing that [Na(SO3)2(RPO3)4MoV4MoVI14O49]5− comprised a unique set of covalently grafted POM-organic hybrids with high redox activity.
Elicitation of Crystallinity in Cyclodextrin Electrospinning
Authors: Yoshida Hiroaki , Sakuragi Kenta
Published: February 2019

Cyclodextrin (CD) electrospinning is a unique technique for fabricating functional fiber materials without polymer additives. Here, we present separate fabrication of amorphous and crystalline CD nonwovens by precisely controlling solvent evaporation during electrospinning. This method would allow large-scale production of CD fibers with tuned crystallinity.
Biobtree: A tool to search, map and visualize bioinformatics identifiers and special keywords
Authors: Gur Tamer
Published: February 2019

Due to their nature, bioinformatics datasets are often closely related to each other. For this reason, search, mapping and visualization of these relations are often performed manually or programmatically via identifiers or special keywords such as gene symbols. Although various tools exist for these situations, the growing volume of bioinformatics datasets, emerging new software tools and approaches motivates new solutions. To provide a new tool for these current cases, I present the Biobtree bioinformatics tool. Biobtree effectively fetches and indexes identifiers and special keywords with their related identifiers from supported datasets, optionally with user pre-defined datasets and provides a web interface, web services and direct B+ tree data structure based single uniform database output. Biobtree can handle billions of identifiers and runs via a single executable file with no installation and dependency required. It also aims to provide a relatively small codebase for easy maintenance, addition of new features and extension to larger datasets. Biobtree is available to download from GitHub.
ОЦЕНКА И ПРОГНОЗ РАЗВИТИЯ АВТОТРАНСПОРТНЫХ МАЛЫХ КОМПАНИЙ В РЕГИОНЕ
Authors: Sapozhnikova Svetlana Mikhaylovna
Published: February 2019

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности функционирования малого бизнеса в Смоленской области. Раскрывается состав и структура отраслей, включаемых в экономику малого бизнеса в регионе. Определены роль и значение автотранспорта в функционировании малого предпринимательства в регионе. Были рассмотрены динамика изменения тарифов, дальности перевозок, использование автотранспорта, его структура. Поведена оценка эффективности грузоперевозок и пассажироперевозок, осуществляемые малым бизнесом и их доля в общем объеме оказываемых транспортных услуг в Смоленской области. Объем перевезенных грузов за 12 лет падает, т.е. конкуренцию МСП крупному бизнесу проигрывают, т.к. не могут работать с большими объемами перевозимых грузов. Вместе же и крупные и мелкие предприятия теряют объемы грузоперевозок, уступая в конкурентной борьбе крупным столичным компаниям. Как более мобильная часть бизнеса, не имеющая возможность работать с крупными партиями, МСП пошли путем предоставления специфических услуг в грузоперевозках, беря на себя определенные риски, связанные с доставкой (например, доставка скоропортящейся, ценной, хрупкой или сложной по конструкции или габаритам продукции /товаров) и на более дальние расстояния в сокращенные сроки, а также развивая сегмент пассажироперевозок. Длительность пути автоперевозок за последние годы резко растет, переориентируясь на новые рынки сбыта автотранспортных услуг, в условиях жесткой конкуренции на смоленском рынке услуг транспорта и санкционного режима, обслуживая ближние и дальние регионы страны и РБ. На основании поведенного анализа были выявлены основные причины ухудшения положения малых предприятий, занимающихся автотранспортом в регионе и предложены меры по повышению эффективности его функционирования. На основании проведенных исследований были даны прогнозы развития автотранспорта в малом бизнесе.Цель – определение причин падения эффективности деятельности малых предприятий автотранспорта в регионе, выявление путей их преодоления и прогноз объемов предоставляемых автотранспортных услуг.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались методы: статистический, экономико-математический и экономико-статистические методы на основе выравнивания динамического ряда по скользящей средней и на основе среднегодовых темпов роста объемов предоставляемых автотранспортных услуг.Результаты: получены основные результаты деятельности предприятий малого бизнеса автотранспорта Смоленской области, предложены меры по их повышению, на основании чего определен прогноз объема предоставляемых автотранспортных услуг по консервативному, базовому и целевому варианту.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять предприятиями малого бизнеса региона, осуществляющими предоставление автотранспортных услуг в Смоленской области в прогнозировании своей деятельности.
Functional Sentence Perspective in Translator Training
Authors: Reda Maciej
Published: February 2019

This paper highlights the need for raising translation studentsʼ awareness of issues related to the thematic structure of source and target texts. This is a problematic area which significantly affects the quality of translations, especially from English into Polish, the latter having more flexible word order and thus opening more syntactic possibilities. An especially useful tool that may help to address this issue is the theory of Functional Sentence Perspective (FSP) developed by the Prague School. Despite the fact that it is quite elaborate, it may be trimmed to fit more practicallyoriented translation classes. Based on examples from student translations, the paper shows that such notions as communicative dynamism, context dependence/independence, competitors of the verb, setting vs. specification, Presentation Scale vs. Quality Scale, and potentiality can help trainee translators to correctly identify the hierarchy of carriers of communicative dynamism in their source texts and then make informed translation choices.
They wear it well
Authors: Middleton Anna
Published: February 2019

The amount of tooth wear seen among our patients is currently considerably greater than in the past due to the fact that more people are now retaining their natural teeth into old age. Tooth wear is caused by three phenomena: erosion, attrition and abrasion. Anna Middleton reports
DUWL infection control protocols in force? Check
Authors: Bacon Peter
Published: February 2019

Peter Bacon has a tried and tested protocol for maintaining the water quality of dental unit waterlines that should at least tick that off your list.
A tactical analgesic option for Durham and Cleveland police firearms medics: the journey
Authors: Carr Gavin , Kyle Tony , Wheatley PC Sean , Mellor Adrian
Published: February 2019

Background:

With an ever-increasing exposure to clinical situations, predominantly trauma, firearms medics at Durham and Cleveland police forces began to consider whether an increase in their scope of practice was needed; specifically, whether they could add analgesia administration to their clinical protocols.

Considerations:

The request was directed to the Tactical Medical Advisory Group (TMAG). This faculty comprises a clinical lead, emergency medicine doctors, military and civilian paramedics and tactical team medic (TTM) trainers. Analgesia in general was discussed, then potential analgesic agents were considered. The faculty agreed that the analgesic agent would have: to be available to all tactical team medics at all times, so should be highly portable); a minimal regulatory and training burden; a rapid effect with minimal side effects; and no conflict with prehospital medicine practice.

Implementation:

A 6-hour training course in methoxyflurane (Penthrox®) with summative assessments was designed and delivered by TMAG to all TTMs over a 4-week period. The chair of the TMAG agreed to be the signatory for the prescription-only medicine document and a standard operating procedure was drawn up. Sufficient stocks of methoxyflurane were then purchased and distributed across both police forces' armed response units, together with updated patient report forms, administration documents and feedback forms completed by TTMs after incidents.
New kid on the block: starting as an NQP
Authors: Elsey Abbygail
Published: February 2019

In 2018, our new Student Column shared perspectives from first, second and third year students across UK paramedicine programmes. This year, we will follow Abbygail Elsey, on a quarterly basis, as she takes the first steps of her journey as a newly qualified paramedic at South Central Ambulance Service after her recent graduation from Edge Hill University
CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A ESSÊNCIA DO PENSAR
Authors: Ribeiro Glória Maria Ferreira
Published: February 2019

Num escrito registrado entre 1944 e 45 intitulado Para discussão da serenidade, do filósofo alemão Martin Heidegger, temos retratada a conversa entre um pensador, um erudito e um professor. O tema da conversa é a questão sobre a essência do homem que acaba convergindo para a questão sobre a essência mesma do pensamento - que, tradicionalmente, é concebido como representação; isto é, como um querer. Contudo, no começo da conversa que se estabelece entre os três personagens, fica assentado que a essência do pensamento não se confunde com o pensamento mesmo. Sendo assim, se o pensamento é caracterizado como vontade, como querer, sua essência deve ser algo como o não-querer. Eis o problema posto, eis o nó da conversa. Porque esse não - querer não pode ser fruto da vontade (isto é, do próprio pensamento), enquanto essência do pensamento, o não-querer deve acontecer antes mesmo de qualquer vontade que queira dominar a realidade. É necessário colocar-se, então, na dimensão na qual o pensamento, compreendido como vontade, ainda não se determinou. E colocar-se nessa dimensão é estar entregue ao fenômeno da serenidade, que traduz a experiência mesma do pensar.
A CONVERSÃO ONTOLÓGICA DA FENOMENOLOGIA EM HEIDEGGER
Authors: Vieira Marcelo Rosa
Published: February 2019

O tema tratado neste artigo é o da articulação entre fenomenologia e ontologia em Heidegger. Partir-se-á da hipótese de que a retomada do problema do ser era já a possibilidade central inscrita no projeto filosófico husserliano. Husserl, na execução desse projeto, parece propor um quadro de referências fenomenológicas que antecipa o estabelecimento da ontologia e se oferece como item indispensável a este estabelecimento. O referido quadro é constituído por quatro referências-chave – que parecem assumir o papel de condições e diretrizes para toda ontologia que queira estabelecer-se a partir da fenomenologia. São elas: 1º - a correlação intencional; 2º - a tese da imanência e da transcendência; 3º - a redução fenomenológica; 4º - a estrutura teleológica. Veremos então como esses quatro referenciais servem de orientação para Heidegger na sua tentativa de converter a fenomenologia transcendental numa ontologia fenomenológica.
A INSUFICIÊNCIA DAS CIÊNCIAS PARTICULARES PERANTE A EXIGÊNCIA DE UNIDADE DA COMPREENSÃO
Authors: Albuquerque José Fábio Da Silva
Published: February 2019

A Ciência historicamente constitui-se como o padrão hegemônico de apresentação de conhecimentos sobre o mundo. Rigor, procedimento, exatidão e previsibilidade são algumas das características principais que determinaram esse lugar de predominância científica nos dias atuais, em uma construção que, dependendo dos critérios abordados, podem remeter até ao início da cultura ocidental na Grécia Antiga. Ao partir desse entendimento sobre sua hegemonia, o presente artigo aborda o fenômeno Ciência e sua tendência à totalização da imagem do mundo através da tematização, na qual o todo do ente é disponibilizado à subjetividade representativa. Tal objetivo científico de uma unidade na totalidade dos conhecimentos parece esbarrar, no entanto, em outra característica basilar da Ciência, nominalmente, o caráter determinado (particular) de seus objetos. Apresenta-se, portanto, uma possível incoerência entre o objeto e o objetivo científicos. Não obstante, como a determinação do conhecimento é traço constitutivo da Ciência, ao passo que a tendência à totalidade não é exclusividade dela, busca-se a fonte a essa exigência de unidade na própria natureza da razão, o que abre passagem para a pergunta motriz do texto: as ciências particulares podem satisfazer a necessidade da razão em sua exigência de unidade para toda experiência possível? Com isso à vista, o texto apresenta uma alternativa ao entendimento de totalidade, seu status de âmbito transcendente e sua vinculação com o modo-de-ser da existência enquanto Dasein.
HEIDEGGER E ARISTÓTELES: O FENÔMENO DO MUNDO PERANTE A ARGUMENTAÇÃO LÓGICA DO MUNDO
Authors: Quintilhano Guilherme Devequi , Santos Eder Soares
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo articula a relação entre Heidegger e Aristóteles no desenvolvimento sobre o fenômeno do mundo (Welt) a partir do Livro IV da Metafísica. Na preleção de 1929-1930, Os conceitos fundamentais da metafísica, vislumbramos um caminho possível a ser percorrido que leva até o Livro IV da Metafísica aristotélica e ao debate com a tradição. Por consequência, o retorno para Ser e Tempo indica que o discurso adotado por Heidegger, na questão sobre o fenômeno do mundo, apresenta-se como uma tentativa de se distanciar dos enunciados lógicos da tradição a partir do motor imóvel aristotélico. Desse modo, enfatizamos dois pontos em Heidegger: 1) o seu resgate da tradição filosófica, ou seja, ele não destrói a tradição, pelo contrário, a filosofia heideggeriana e a construção de seus conceitos partem desse retorno; 2) a facilitação da compreensão do fenômeno de mundo em Ser e Tempo a partir da preleção de 1929-1930 e, por conseguinte, o motivo de nós voltarmos ao Livro IV da Metafísica de Aristóteles.
CONHECIMENTO INTUITIVO E CONHECIMENTO ABSTRATO NA FILOSOFIA DE SCHOPENHAUER
Authors: Alves José Clérison Santos
Published: February 2019

O presente artigo pretender mostrar que no interior de O mundo como vontade e representação Schopenhauer nos apresenta uma distinção entre dois tipos de conhecimento, a saber: o intuitivo e o abstrato. O primeiro é um produto do entendimento unido às formas puras do espaço e do tempo: as representações intuitivas. O segundo é uma obra da faculdade de razão: as representações abstratas. Para Schopenhauer, a única função da razão é atuar como uma faculdade produtora de conceitos abstratos. Aqui, todos os conceitos da razão devem ter como referência o conhecimento intuitivo, pois, sem essa referência, a razão se perde em conceitos vazios de conteúdo.
AMPA receptor antagonist perampanel affects glioblastoma cell growth and glutamate release in vitro
Authors: Lange Falko , Weßlau Konrad , Porath Katrin , Hörnschemeyer Max Frederik , Bergner Carina , Krause Bernd Joachim , Mullins Christina Susanne , Linnebacher Michael , Köhling Rüdiger , Kirschstein Timo
Published: February 2019

Epileptic seizures are frequent in patients with glioblastoma, and anticonvulsive treatment is often necessary. While clinical guidelines recommend all approved anticonvulsants, so far it is still unclear which of the available drugs is the best therapeutic option for treating glioma-associated seizures, also in view of possible anti-tumorigenic effects. In our study, we employed four patient-derived low-passage cell lines of glioblastoma and three cell lines of brain metastases, and challenged these cultures with four anticonvulsants with different mechanisms of action: levetiracetam, valproic acid, carbamazepine and perampanel. Cell proliferation was determined by bromodeoxyuridine incorporation. To further analyze the effects of perampanel, apoptosis induction was measured by caspase 3/7 activation. Glutamate release was quantified and glucose uptake was determined using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was employed to assess the expression of genes associated with glutamate release and uptake in brain tumor cells. Of the four anticonvulsants, only perampanel showed systematic inhibitory effects on cell proliferation, whereas all other anticonvulsants failed to inhibit glioma and metastasis cell growth in vitro. Metastasis cells were much more resistant to perampanel than glioblastoma cell lines. Glucose uptake was attenuated in all glioblastoma cells after perampanel exposure, whereas cell death via apoptosis was not induced. Extracellular glutamate levels were found to be significantly higher in glioblastoma cell lines as compared to metastasis cell lines, but could be reduced by perampanel exposure. Incubation with perampanel up-regulated glutamine synthetase expression in glioblastoma cells, whereas treatment with valproic acid and levetiracetam downregulated excitatory amino acid transporter-2 expression. Overall, our data suggest that perampanel acts as an anticonvulsive drug and additionally mediated anti-tumorigenic effects.
La dimensión transnacional de la izquierda armada
Authors: Martín Álvarez Alberto , Rey Tristán Eduardo
Published: February 2019

El artículo plantea una nueva perspectiva de análisis de la izquierda armada, situándola en el marco de una oleada global de movimientos antisistémicos surgida desde finales de la década de los cincuenta del pasado siglo. Adicionalmente, el trabajo contribuye a esclarecer algunos de los mecanismos de interacción transnacional característicos de este conjunto de movimientos y analiza algunos de los rasgos básicos de su proceso de desarrollo. En conjunto, el artículo constituye un primer paso en la construcción de una perspectiva global del surgimiento, desarrollo y desaparición de la izquierda armada.
STUDY ON THE SETTLEMENT OF TUNNEL BOTTOM AND PRESSURE OF ROCK MASS BASED ON CURVED BEAM ON ELASTIC FOUNDATION THEORY
Authors: Fan Haobo , He Siyue , Zhao Dongping , Wang Xiuling , Wang Hao , Ding Hao
Published: February 2019

Tunnel invert isa weak section of curved beam on tunnel foundation, and it is easy to breakdown. Based on the curved beam theory on elastic foundation, the curved beam model of tunnelinvert was established, the displacement equation of tunnel invert under external load was deduced,and the formula of settlement of tunnel bottom and the pressure of rock mass was presented. Bymeans of the calculating formula, the distribution law of settlement of tunnel bottom and pressure ofrock mass w ere obtained when tunnel bottom was strengthened and not strengthened by highpressure jet grouting pile. The final formula in the paper is precise to predict the settlement of tunnelbottom and pressure of rock mas s, so it is of great value for tunnel design and construction.
NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE PERFORMANCE OF INSULATED FRP-STRENGTHENED REINFORCED CONCRETE BEAMS IN FIRE
Authors: El-Mahdy Osama , Hamdy Gehan , Abdullah Moustafa
Published: February 2019

Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) have been widely used in retrofitting and strengthening of deteriorated or deficient reinforced concrete (RC) elements. A major concern about those systems is their performance under elevated temperature which limits the application of FRP for strengthening requirements. Fire protection of the strengthening FRP system can be made by applying an external coating layer of a thermal resisting material. In order to predict the fire performance of such insulated FRP-strengthened members and their efficiency, experimental investigations are required to be carried out for such elements under realistic fire conditions, which requires time and cost.

This paper presents numerical modelling of RC beams strengthened with externally bonded FRP and insulated by a fire protection layer under elevated temperature specified by standard fire tests. The nonlinear time domain transient thermal-stress finite element analysis is performed using the general purpose software ANSYS 12.1 in order to study the heat transfer mechanism and deformation within the beam for fire conditions initiating at the bottom side of the beam. The finite element model accounts for the variation in thermal and mechanical parameters of the constituent materials such as concrete, steel reinforcement bars, FRP and insulation material with temperature. Application is made on an FRP-strengthened and insulated RC T-beam which has been experimentally tested in the published literature in order to verify the adopted modelling procedure. The obtained numerical results are in good agreement with the experimental results regarding the temperature distribution across the beam and mid-span deflection. The presented procedure thus provides an economical and effective tool to investigate the effectiveness of fire insulation layers when subjected to high temperatures and to design thermal protection layers for FRP strengthening systems that satisfy fire resistance requirements specified in building codes and standards.
DIFFUSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GROUT IN LAYERED FAULT MEDIUM
Authors: Peng Li , Xiao Zhang , Qian Wang , Qingsong Zhang
Published: February 2019

The grouting method has been widely adopted to improve the soft and broken ground properties in tunnelling engineering. This paper carries out numerical and experimental investigation to study the diffusion characteristics of grout in layered fault, considering the influence of flowing water and multiple injections. The fault is simplified to consist of (1) fault gouge, (2) fault breccia and (3) mixed area. It can be concluded that the grout shows significantly different diffusion characteristics in fault breccia and mixed area, moreover, due to the scouring effect of flowing water, grout has greater diffusion tendency in the direction of the water. In the case of single injection, the grout diffusion distance in mixed area was between 75.86 % and 88.10 % of that in fault breccia, while it was 59.8 % when multiple injections were carried out. It appeared that, the higher the injection pressure, the grout diffusion priority in fault breccia is greater. It can be also concluded that the pressure dissipated gradually from the injection hole to periphery, and the pressure dissipation in mixed area is faster than that in fault breccia. The results of experiment match reasonably well with numerical simulation, furthermore, the grouting reinforcement mode for layered fault medium are proposed. These conclusions can be used to better understand grouting theory.
Enseñando la Guerra Civil española en el País Vasco a través del cómic histórico: una propuesta para la educación secundaria
Authors: Saitua Iker
Published: February 2019

El presente artículo ofrece una propuesta de intervención para la enseñanza de la Guerra Civil en el País Vasco a través del cómic para alumnos de segundo de Bachillerato en el aula de historia. Para ello, primero se examinan las contribuciones de varios autores que han valorado positivamente el uso didáctico de la novela gráfica en el aula de historia. Más concretamente, este artículo se hace eco de los últimos estudios publicados en los Estados Unidos sobre la utilidad del cómic como recurso didáctico en las clases de historia. Posteriormente, se diseña una propuesta didáctica de mejora para la enseñanza de la Guerra Civil en el País Vasco dirigida a alumnos de segundo de Bachillerato para la asignatura de Historia de España. Se propone utilizar el cómic Gabai. La guerra de Euskadi (1990) de Rafael Castellano y Juan Carlos Nazabal como medio para ayudar a los alumnos a construir las capacidades de identificar, contextualizar y corroborar.
La memoria y el olvido en una escuela que fue Centro Clandestino de Detención. La señalización de la escuela Álvarez Condarco de Paraná
Authors: Pisarello María Virginia , Balcar Karen
Published: February 2019

En el presente artículo estudiamos los modos en los cuales se recuerda el pasado reciente en la Escuela Nº 185, “Coronel Álvarez Condarco” de la ciudad de Paraná (Provincia de Entre Ríos - Argentina). Esta institución, que se encuentra señalizada desde el año 2013, funcionó como Centro Clandestino de Detención (CCD) durante la última dictadura cívico-militar. No obstante, en la comunidad educativa existen fuertes resistencias a aceptar esta realidad, que fue invisibilizada durante casi 40 años. Atento a ello, analizamos el caso dentro del marco nacional, apelando a testimonios orales, registros de clase, bibliografía específica sobre el tema, literatura testimonial y fuentes judiciales y periodísticas.
¿Cómo enseñan Historia los buenos docentes universitarios? Aportes desde el estudio de casos de profesores memorables en la Universidad Nacional del Litoral
Authors: Ferrero Lucía
Published: February 2019

El presente artículo se propone socializar algunos aportes surgidos de mi tesis de Maestría en Didácticas Específicas en la que he realizado el estudio de dos casos de profesores memorables de Historia de la Universidad Nacional del Litoral. La intención de la misma fue indagar acerca de las características de las prácticas de enseñanza de dos docentes considerados por sus estudiantes como buenos; para poder recuperar buenas prácticas de enseñanza en esa disciplina. Intentaré entonces sintetizar dicha caracterización a partir de: explicitar sus concepciones sobre la enseñanza y el aprendizaje; mencionar sus posturas epistemológicas que los posicionan desde la historia-problema al definir los contenidos que enseñan; describir cómo realizan un trabajo de recuperación de la propia disciplina a través de la problematización y la conciencia histórica y, por último, presentar sus construcciones metodológicas configuradas por el trabajo con la bibliografía, con diversos materiales y con la promoción del pensamiento crítico en la creencia de que esto contribuye a la reflexión acerca de la enseñanza del conocimiento histórico.
Successes and Drawbacks of the Federal Reserve and the Impact on Financial Markets
Authors: RASHID Muhammad Mustafa
Published: February 2019

The purpose of this paper is to provide an outline of the successes and draw-backs of the Federal Reserve and the consequent impact on financial markets. A review of the relevant literature from Hubbard (2008) and Dowd and Hutchinson (2010) will provide insights into the success and failures of the Federal Reserve and the impact on financial markets. Further insights will be drawn from; Gorton and Metrick (2013) and their interpretation of the Federal Reserve’s actions since its formation, Romer and Romer (2013) on the pessimism of monetary policy and Dyugen-Bump (et al. 2013) on their assessment of the effectiveness of emergency liquidity measures.
Pengaruh Pelarut pada Rendemen Sintesis Senyawa Kompleks Bis-asetilasetonatokobalt (II)
Authors: Fajarwati Ika Ayu , Suhartana Suhartana , Pardoyo Pardoyo
Published: February 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh pelarut pada rendemen sintesis senyawa kompleks bis-asetilasetonatokobalt (II). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh senyawa kompleks bis-asetilasetonatokobalt (II) dengan pelarut yang bervariasi, membandingkan hasil karakterisasi senyawa kompleks yang terbentuk, dan menentukan pelarut yang baik dalam sintesis senyawa kompleks tersebut. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode Powlikowski. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi sintesis senyawa kompleks dengan variasi pelarut dan karakterisasi dengan analisis menggunakan UV-Vis, AAS dan FTIR. Sintesis senyawa kompleks dilakukan dengan mereaksikan Co(NO3)2.6H2O dengan ligan asetilaseton dengan perbandingan 1:3 mol dalam berbagai pelarut (metanol, aseton, dan kloroform). Endapan yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan FTIR dan Uv-Vis sedangkan filtrat yang peroleh dianalisis dengan AAS. Sintesis senyawa kompleks dari ion logam Co dengan asetilaseton dengan variasi pelarut menghasilkan senyawa kompleks bis-asetilasetonatokobalt (II). Spektra FTIR menunjukan ikatan koordinasi antara atom pusat Co dan ligan asetilasetonat (Co-O) pada bilangan gelombang 424,34 cm-1. Hasil analisis UV-Vis menunjukkan senyawa kompleks mempunyai panjang gelombang maksimum yang sama yaitu pada 491 nm dengan energi 10Dq sebesar 243,335 kJ/mol. Rendemen senyawa kompleks dalam pelarut metanol sebesar 0,53 gram, aseton 1,37 gram dan kloroform 1,08 gram. Pelarut yang baik dalam sintesis ini adalah pelarut aseton.