bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On The Nield-Koznetsov Integral Function and Its Application to Airyâ€™s Inhomogeneous Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Alzahrani S.M. , Abu Zaytoon M.S. , Alderson T.L. , Gadoura I. , Hamdan M.H.
Published: November 2018

In this work, we provide a solution to a two-point boundary value problem that involves an inhomogeneous Airyâ€™s differential equation with a variable forcing function. The solution is expressed in terms of the recently introduced Nield-Koznetsov integral function, Ni(x), and another conveniently defined integral function, Ki(x). The resulting expressions involving these integral functions are then evaluated using asymptotic and ascending series.Â
Full potential linear augmented plane wave calculations of Electronic and Optical properties in ZnO
Authors: Benkraouda M. , Amrane N.
Published: November 2018

Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â  In this work we present self-consistent calculations for the electronic and optical properties of Zinc oxide. A theoretical investigation of the electronic properties (band structure, density of charge and contour map) and optical properties (refractive index, absorption coefficient, dielectric constants and reflectivity) of Zinc oxide semiconductor ZnO. A full-potential linearized augmented plane-wave (FPLAPW) method was used within the density functional theory (DFT) along with the generalized gradient approximation (GGA96) exchange correlation potential. The results are compared with the experimental data available and some other theoretical work. We found that the GGA approximation yields only a small improvement to the band gap, however, if we allow for a rigid shift of the band structure, the so-called scissorâ€™s operator, the optical properties are excellently reproduced.
The Aharanov-Bohm Phase Shift and Magnetic Vector Potential â€œAâ€ Could Accommodate for Optical Coupler, Digital-to-Analogue Magnetic Field Excess Correlations of Photon Emissions Within Living Aqueous Systems
Authors: Persinger Michael A , Koren Stanley A
Published: November 2018

Quantitative convergence for solutions involving electron drift velocity, the magnetic A vector and phase shifts reveal an increment of energy in the range of 10-20 J that could relate the Aharanov-Bohm phase modulation of the orbital frequency of a Bohr atom to the electronâ€™s Compton wavelength. The universal persistence of 10-12 W per m2 whose energy applied the square of the hydrogen wavelength solves for the energy equivalence of the rest mass of an electron could set the conditions for excess correlations between electronic systems that produce magnetic fields through optocouplers. Experimental evidence and quantitative solutions indicate variations of the Lorentz Lemma and circularly rotating magnetic fields whose phase and group velocities are uncoupled could create the conditions for excess correlations. Modification of Basharovâ€™s operator of resonance interaction for decoherence and entanglement in the radioactive decay of a diatomic system and Das and Misraâ€™s estimates for the fractal charge of a photon strongly suggests that the efficacy for optocoupler circuits to generate non-local magnetic field effects in living and non-living aqueous systems originates from a single photon wave across the circuitâ€™s p-n junctions. A review of the concepts and data indicate that excess correlations involving photons under optimal conditions are measureable within macrosystems
Method and Details for Creation of a Spectacular Brilliant Light Flash Potentially Resulting from Hydrino Formation
Authors: Brink Simon
Published: November 2018

This paper describes a method for creating a spectacular brilliant light flash with a high current, low voltage pulse discharge through a hydrated salt and metal mix. Photography of flashes generated are presented and analysed for consistency with the hydrino theory of R. Mills (2011). Photography shows generation of a high density of photons away from the electrodes consistent with a secondary photon generating reaction mechanism.
Quantum Double Dot as Quantum Computer Unit
Authors: Khalaf A. M. , Ali Z. , Abdelfattah Sh. , Selim A. M.
Published: November 2018

In this work, we have investigated the exchange interaction of two electrons in double lateral quantum dot (which is the base of quantum gate) under effect of external magnetic field, electric field and inter dot distance between double dots. From similarity between double quantum dots and molecule, we have used molecular physics approaches (Hitler â€“ London and Hund â€“ Mullikan approximation method) to investigate our system. We also show the magnetization behavior as function of magnetic field.
Structural, Optical and Magnetic Investigation of Ni, Co and Mn doped SnO2 Nano particles Synthesized by Chemical Co-precipitation.
Authors: Makram N.
Published: November 2018

Pure and transition metal dopednano-crystalline Sn1-xTMxO2 (x = 0.0, 0.05, TM = Ni, Co and Mn)were synthesized in aqueous solution by chemical Co-precipitation technique. X- ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), electron diffraction,UV â€“ visible absorption spectroscopy and room temperature magnetization measurements were performed to investigate the structural and microstructural, morphology, optical and magnetic properties of pure and doped samples. The structure calculations revealed that Co and Ni atoms have been incorporatedin the SnO2hostlattice.For Mn, the XRD analysis detected that SnO phase was formed instead during the synthesis process.HRTEM and XRD studies indicated that the particle size is in the range of quantum dot size except for Mn. For optical measurement, the quantum confinement effect was suggested to be the dominant reason for the great increase of the optical bandgap with respect to the bulk material. Magnetization measurements revealed that all doped samples were ferromagnetic in nature. Well defined strong hysteresis loop was detected for Co doped SnO2 nanoparticles. It was suggested that the ferromagnetism is intrinsic in origin.It is not due to ferromagnetic metal clusters nor due to the presence of additional ferromagnetic phases. The strong ferromagnetic signal especially for Co doped SnO2makes it a candidate for spintronic applications.
LPG sensing investigation of (Sn-Ti)O2 system based nanocomposite at Room Temperature
Authors: Shukla Tripti , Omanwar S.K.
Published: November 2018

Present work reports the synthesis of pure TiO2 and (Sn-Ti)O2 nanocomposite, its characterization and performance asLiquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) Sensor. Thick films of both the materials were prepared by using screen printing technique. After that these were investigated through SEM. SEM image of pure TiO2 shows that grains are random in shape having pores. The grains observed on the (Sn-Ti)O2 thick-film surface are spherical in shape and more porous than pure TiO2. Further at room temperature, the films were exposed to LPG in a controlled gas chamber and variations in resistance with the concentrations of LPG were observed. The maximum value of average sensitivity for pure TiO2 and (Sn-Ti)O2 thick-film were found 3.0 and 11 respectively for 2 vol.% of LPG. Sensor responses as a function of exposure and response times were also estimated and maximum sensor response for pure TiO2 and (Sn-Ti)O2 thick-film were found 207 and 1040 respectively.
Effect of rapid solidification and calcium additions on Sn-38 wt.%Pb-6 wt.%Sb melt-spun alloys
Authors: Shalaby Rizk Mostafa , Badr Shalabia , Abdelhakim Nermin Ali , Kamal Mustafa
Published: November 2018

The effect of calcium additions on the structure and physical properties of melt-spun process Sn-38Pb-6Sb alloys have been experimentally investigated at a solidification rate of ~105 K/s. Structure, internal friction, elastic moduli, microhardness and electrical resistivity of the Sn-38%Pb , Sn-38%Pb -6%Sb , Sn-38%Pb -6%Sb-0.5%Ca , Sn-38%Pb -6%Sb -1%Ca , Sn-38%Pb -6%Sb -1.5%Ca , Sn-38%Pb -6%Sb -2%Ca , Sn-38%Pb -6%Sb -2.5%Ca (in wt%) rapidly solidified alloys are investigated. The results showed that the mechanical and electrical properties values are enhanced for ternary Sn-38%Pb -6%Sb alloy. The examined mechanical and electrical conductivity decreased by addition of calcium content in the studied alloys. It also leads to with increasing Ca content the SnSb inter-metallic compound (IMC) precipitates are increased in the Sn matrix. The results were explained in terms of the dislocation theory, effect of quenching rate on the produced density fluctuations in composition and the modes of interaction of crystal lattice defects.
The physical energy of the photons that used wildlife on the Earth can solve basic problems of energy and life outside the Earth
Authors: V. A. Ostapenko
Published: November 2018

The concept of the new managed Eco-Physical hydrogen Energetics of Photons (EFhEF â€“ energetics) is introduced. It can solve the problems of ecology and of the replacement of fossil fuels on the Earth and is able to meet the challenges of life outside the Earth: lighting and heat, air and water regeneration, and return of all 100% organic waste at the new cycle of use, and even with the production of food from this waste. The EFhEF â€“ energetics inherits the technologies of wildlife (yet photosynthesis) which use energy in the form of separate photons of solar radiation. The photosynthesis only is the way to capture CO2 and of Sunâ€™s energy to ensure of organic structures. The wildlife is managed by the digital software, recorded in the molecule of DNA, and works in conventional terrestrial atmospheric conditions (4-40Â°C) using the energy of solar photons. For the first time, the EFhEF energetics provided any installation by its own source of energy ("solar" photons). This allows to actually inheriting the rich experience of the wildlife for operation with organic matter. The EFhEF- energetics allows â€œto carry outâ€ even our Sun at any distance in the space.
What drives our brain? â€“ PFO as a physical being outside our universe â€“
Authors: Taneichi Takashi
Published: November 2018

Local functions of the brain can be complemented by other parts by training, even if they were lost by an accident such as external injury and internal bleeding. This is the dynamical redistribution of functions inside the brain. It can be regarded as a result of the Operating System (OS) function of the brain, on the analogy of computers. On the other hand, the passive consciousness hypothesis is known to be a powerful cognitive model in the sense that it figures out the difficult problems concerning consciousness such as the frame problem, binding problem, etc. Intrinsic problem of the model, however, lies in the dubious mechanism by which collective opinions are decided by â€œmajority voteâ€ in the unconscious system and are collected to the local conscious system in a bottom-up manner. No one has elucidated, so far, how the unconscious system and the conscious one are connected in the neural network. The Parasite Fermion Model is a physical model that solves those problems. The Model asserts that, only by assuming the multi-dimensional universe that is nowadays commonly discussed in the modern physics and two types of fermions (material particles), there exists the materialistic subject, called Parasite Fermion Object (PFO), in the extra-dimensional space. One can avoid above-mentioned difficulties, by assuming that the PFO plays a significant role in the OS function and decision process of the unconscious system.
Thermal Properties of Soil Samples from Coastal Sand Landform in Ilaje Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria
Authors: S. Oluyamo S. , F. Famutimi O. , Adekoya Mathew , M. Aramide T.
Published: November 2018

This study examines the thermal conductivity of some selected soil samples from coastal sandlandform inIlaje local government area of Ondo State, Nigeria. The soil samples were sieved into different particle sizes; 300 , 425 , 600 , 850 , and 1180 Â with appropriate mesh and moulded in form of a Leeâ€™s disc. The thermal conductivity of the samples was determined using parallel plate method. The value of the thermal conductivity increase as the moisture content increaseand decrease with increase in particle sizes for the soil samples. The values of the thermal conductivity obtainedÂ Â  rangedbetween 0.3444 Â and1.8894 . It was noted that the conductivity of the landforms conforms to the range of conductivities of soil required for some specific crops such as maize, cowpea, pineapple, okro and root crops. The results in the research would be useful to soil/building and soil scientists as well as modern mechanized farmers in determined Â appropriate land forms for agricultural and structural purposes.
The electron spin and spin magnetic moment in dual-4 d space-time Quantum mechanics
Authors: Zhao Guoqiu
Published: November 2018

In dual-four-dimensional space-time quantum mechanics, the spin of micro object is caused by the rotation of field matter sphere itself. In its own frame of reference, the radius is defined as the static Compton momentum R0=Ä§/m0cï¼Œand frequency is Î½0=E0/h. In the Dynamic frame of reference, the radius is defined as the dynamic Compton momentum R1=Ä§/mcï¼Œand frequency is Î½1=E1/h. m0 and m is the static and dynamic mass of a micro matter sphere, respectively. The electron spin s and spin magnetic moment both can be calculated by the field matter sphere model. If the frame of reference is in the complex space-time, and we observe the motion in a Minkowshi Space, then there will be a dual four dimensional complex space-time. The fluctuation motion of field matter is De Broglie matter wave.
The properties of Bessel-type fractional derivatives and integrals
Authors: Gorty V. R. Lakshmi
Published: November 2018

The fractional integrals of Bessel-type Fractional Integrals from left-sided and right-sided integrals of fractional order is established on finite and infinite interval of the real-line, half axis and real axis. The Bessel-type fractional derivatives are also established. The properties of Fractional derivatives and integrals are studied. The fractional derivatives of Bessel-type of fractional order on finite of the real-line are studied by graphical representation. Results are direct output of the computer algebra system coded from MATLAB R2011b.
Considering skin physiology in capacitive-coupled hyperthermia
Authors: Oliver Szasz , Andras Szasz
Published: November 2018

Dominant technical solution for oncological hyperthermia devices is capacitive-coupling. However, it has the challenge of overheating the surface of adipose layers and burning cutaneous structures. The main technical solution of this is the intensive cooling of the surface. Our objective is studying the physiology and effect of the active cooling of the skin in capacitive-coupled hyperthermia technologies.
On the Origin of Four Pi in Physics
Authors: Hanken Aaron
Published: November 2018

We find the highest symmetry between the fields intrinsic to free particles (free particles having only mass, charge and spin), and show these fields symmetries and their close relationship to force and entropy. The Boltzmann Constant is equal to the natural entropy, in that it is The Planck Energy over The Planck Temperature. This completes a needed symmetry in The Bekenstein-Hawking Entropy. Upon substitution of Planck Units into The Schwarzschild Radius, we find that the mass and radius of any black hole define both the gravitational constant and the natural force. We find that the Gaussian Surface area about a particle is equal to the surface area of an equally massed black hole if we define the gravitational field of that particle to be the quotient of The Planck Force and the particles mass. By these simple substitutions we find that gravity is quantized in units of surface entropy. We also find Pythagorean Triples are resting within the dimensional parameters of Special Relativity, and show this to be the dimensional aspects of single particles observing one another, coupled with the intrinsic Hubble nature of the universe.
Operators and meaning of wave function
Authors: Malcher Viliam
Published: November 2018

The interpretation problems of quantum theory are considered. In the formalism of quantum theory the possible states of a system are described by a state vector. The state vector, which will be represented as |Ïˆ> in Dirac notation, is the most general form of the quantum mechanical description. The central problem of the interpretation of quantum theory is to explain the physical significance of the |Ïˆ>. In this paper we have shown that one of the best way to make of interpretation of wave function is to take the wave function as an operator.
Inflections of Periodicities of Background Photon Spectral Power Densities Are Predicted by the Lorentz Contraction for a Potential Indicator for the Intrinsic Structure of Space
Authors: Persinger Michael A
Published: November 2018

Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â Â The value for the Lorentz contraction to produce a discrepancy for a hypothetical number that reflects a property (21.3Ï€4) of sub-matter space was calculated. When applied to time the contraction would be ~35 min. The difference in mass-equivalent energy for an electron at c (the velocity of light in a vacuum) and the required v was ~2 Â·10-20 J which has emerged as a significant quantity that may permeate from the force at Planckâ€™s Length when applied across the wavelength of the neutral hydrogen line. Two separate types of photomultiplier instruments (digital and analogue) measuring with different sampling rates for background photon quantities over 50 randomly selected days demonstrated averaged conspicuous inflections of standardized spectral power densities around 35 min. This is the same basic interval where microvariations in the value of the gravitational constant (G) approached a limit at which white noise dominated.Â  The possibility is considered that this value for temporal inflections in photon power spectral densities may reflect the intrinsic nature of space-time contractions that relate gravity and photons.
Effect of mechanical consolidation on adhesion mechanism of hybrid non-woven Alfa fibers reinforced unsaturated polyester composite
Authors: Triki A. , Hassen Med Ben
Published: November 2018

Vibrational analysis based on FTIR measurements were performed on hybrid non-woven Alfa fibers reinforced unsaturated polyester composite (HNWAFRUP) and its constituents. The reinforcement was made up of Alfa and wool fibers in the relative volume fractions ratio 4:1. These non-woven fibers sheet were consolidated mechanically by means of the needle punching. This study revealed that the increase of passages numbers in this device allowed the separation of the Alfa fibers and the reduction of the ligninâ€™s component in these fibers which decreased its hydrophilic character. Chemical reactions between wool and Alfa fibers were based mainly on the appearance of new vibrations originating from wool fibers in the reinforcement. Adhesion mechanism between the matrix and the reinforcement was established by chemical bonds formed by secondary bonding. Tensile testing performed on this composite revealed the enhancement of its mechanical properties attributed to a less fiber to fiber contact of wool fibers. Nevertheless, the decrease of its specific Youngâ€™s modulus revealed the mechanical consolidation effect on Alfa fibers/matrix adhesion.Â
Modeling of Temperature Measurement Using Newtonâ€™s Law of Cooling
Authors: Ngiangia Alalibo Thompson , Ononugbo C. P.
Published: November 2018

The room temperature of Physics Department University of Port Harcourt at 7am was taken and the body temperature of the researcher was also taken at that time. Temperature of the body was taken at regular intervals and compared with that obtained usingNewtonâ€™s law of cooling with given initial conditions. Comparison showed that it fits well with minimal approximation.
Some flying animals that generate aversion to humans are the bats.
Authors: DueÃ±as Alejandro
Published: November 2018

The incredible faculty of perception of the bat is vinculated to their system of ubication by means of eco resonance so;Â they are oriented by emitting high frequency sounds orientation, and receipting the echoes.Â In thaws way, detecting the objetcs around them, Perceiving one antennae no more of 1 mm of diameter, insects of size of a mosquito and objects as thin a human hair.
A Study on the Form Factors of Hadrons
Authors: Bhattacharya A. , Saha R. , Ghosh R.
Published: November 2018

The form factors of the heavy mesons like Bc+ , Î·b, B0s, F+, B0 , D, Ïˆ,Â  Ï•, proton and also deuteron are investigated in the framework of the statistical model for low momentum transfer Q in the range 0.01 â‰¤ Q2 â‰¤ 0.1 GeV2.It has been observedthat the heavy-light flavour mesonic form factors show a scaling behavior in the aforesaid low Q2 range. The proton form factor also shows almost scaling in the aforesaid range whereas the deuteron form factor shows a clear violation indicating large contribution from sea quarks and gluon sector.
Extended Jacobian Elliptic Function Expansion Method and Its Applications in Mathematical Physics
Authors: Khater Mostafa
Published: November 2018

In this work, an extended Jacobian elliptic function expansion method is proposed forÂ constructing the exact solutions of nonlinear evolution equations. The validity and reliability of the methodÂ are tested by its applications to some nonlinear evolution equations which play an important role inmathematical physics.
Cold nuclear fusion reactor And new modern physics
Authors: Yuxiang Huang Zhenqiangand Huang
Published: November 2018

Modern physics classical particle quantization Orbital motion model general solution
The Product of the Calculated Impedance and the Capacitance of the Universe Solves for Planckâ€™s Time and 8Ï€
Authors: Persinger Michael A , Koren Stanley A
Published: November 2018

The prominence of 8Ï€ in cosmological solutions regarding the structure of space might be accommodated by factors other than the presence of mass. When the total set is considered a LC (inductance-capacitance) circuit, the â€œtime constantâ€ differs from Planckâ€™s time by a factor of 8Ï€ which satisfies the numbers of turns (N) within the geometry of a universal solenoid. The calculated separation between two concentric spherical Casimir boundaries whose energies and pressures define the current universe is ~54 Î¼m. If the volume of the universe was held constant the linear distance of this extraordinarily flat space would require the hypothetical entanglement velocity (~1023Â mÂ·s-1) continuing until the final epoch (~1018Â s) of the universe to be integrated into a singular entity. We suggest that 8Ï€ may be a reflection of the temporal properties of an implicit solenoid-like spatial structure that will ultimately be manifested quite differently as the temporal boundary of the universe is approached. Two perspectives emerge. The first reflects the topological properties of a line that become the second derivative of the surface of a sphere. The second is the shape would be extraordinarily flat.
Comments on the 2016 Award of APS Medal for Exceptional Achievement in Research
Authors: Lo C. Y.
Published: November 2018

The 2016 APS (American Physical Society) Medal for Exceptional Achievement in Research awarded to E. Witten for discoveries in the mathematical structure of quantum field theory, is indeed exceptional because there is no experimental support. This would be a big step backward from Galileo's experimental-based tradition. Moreover, the Selection Committee of APS was unaware that Witten does not understand general relativity and actually has made mathematical and physical mistakes that leads to the errors on general relativity in the press release of the 1993 Nobel Committee for Physics. However, an unexpected benefit of this award is that it leads to the exposition on the shortcomings in mathematics and physics of APS.
Reduction of the surface roughness of Ge-on-insulator layers up to sub-nanometer range by chemical mechanical polishing
Authors: Manimuthu V. , Arivanandhan M. , Hayakawa Y. , Ikeda H.
Published: November 2018

We are investigating the thermoelectric characteristics of Ge and SiGe nanostructures for realizing high power generator efficiency. In this paper, we investigated the influence of the thinning process on the surface roughness of a direct wafer-bonded p-type Ge-on-insulator (GOI) layer in order to realize an ultra-thin GOI substrate with extremely low surface roughness for the fabrication of Ge and SiGe nanostructures. The wafer thinning process was performed by chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) and wet chemical etching (WCE). A very smooth GOI layer with sub-nanometer (0.3 nm) surface roughness, suitable for nanostructure fabrication, was achieved using CMP compared to WCE process.
Global warming Vs Helium fusion in Sun
Authors: Sharon Maheshwar
Published: November 2018

Global warming has been considered due to carbon dioxide emission and efforts are diverted to reduce the carbon dioxide emission. In this paper some different approach has been highlighted. In the Sun hydrogen fusion reaction has been going on for last 5 billion years. This fusion reaction has been yielding helium gas and it is believed that hydrogen gas is almost consumed and helium fusion has started. This fusion produces almost 100 times more heat causing the surface of the Sun getting more temperature. Due this increase in the Sunâ€™s temperature, temperature on the earth is also increased which we experience as global warming. This paper discusses this view in depth.
The effect of etchants on surface of CdTe single crystal
Authors: Mousavi S. Javad
Published: November 2018

Cadmium telluride crystals (CdTe) have been grown by the sublimation method. The crystal polarity of the CdTe with the zincblend structure has been studied. Two different crystallographic defect and etch pits are revealed on the (111) Cd and Â Te surfaces by different etchant.
Rapidity Distribution of Charged Pions From Pb+Pb and Au+Au Central Collisions
Authors: Abdalla Ahmed Mohamed
Published: November 2018

Rapidity distributions for charged pions produced from central collisions Pb+Pb and Au+Au at (b â‰¤ 3.4 fm.) in range of energy 2 GeV up to Â = 200 GeV are investigated. The experimental results are studied Â in terms of the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamic Model Ur-QMD. In general, the model can give suitable predictions of rapidity distributions for production of charged pions from interactions with energies below 160 A GeV. This model is supported the assumption that the onset of de-confinement is located at low energies. It treats the initial nucleon-nucleon interactions within a string-hadronic framework. In addition, it includes effects such as string-string interactions and hadronic re-scattering that expected to be relevant in A+A collisions. There is a kind of similarity for mechanism responsible for production of the two charge states of pions and it can extended to other hadrons. Ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamic model give good description on energy dependence for charged pion productions and points of maximum rapidity.Â
The study on the eect of Ruthenium(Ru) in LaFeAsO
Authors: Afrassa M. A. , Singh P.
Published: November 2018

We study the eect of Ru substitution at Fe site on LaFe1ô€€€xRuxAsOcompounds for x = 0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1. We produce densityof state (DOS), Fermi surface (FS) and a band structure based onDensity Functional Theory(DFT). The result on the band structuresshow that Ru substitution changes the hole bands and not the elec-tron bands. One of the possible reason is perhaps that Ru substitutiondoes not induce additional electrons, which is in agreement with NMRand resistivity measurement report. We conclude that the change inthe whole bands is the reason for suppressing eect of Ru. The DOSis much aected for over doped region(x > 0:50) around the Fermilevel. For Ru = 0.50, the Fermi surfaces is close to nesting, and wecalculated the value of Tc applying McMillan equation. The result in-dicates that the alloy can be a superconductor only for strong pairingpotential( > 0:7).
THE NOTHING THAT REALLY IS!
Authors: Malek Abdul
Published: November 2018

The denial of the existence of contradiction is at the root of all idealism in epistemology and the cause for alienations.Â  This alienation has become a hindrance for the understanding of the nature and the historical evolution mathematics itself and its role as an instrument in the enquiry of the physical universe (1).Â A dialectical materialist approach incorporatingÂ  the role of the contradiction of the unity of the opposites, chance and necessity etc., can provide a proper understanding of the historical evolution of mathematics andÂ  may ameliorate Â the negative effect of the alienation in modern theoretical physics and cosmology. The dialectical view also offers a more plausible materialist interpretation of the bewildering wave-particle duality in quantum dynamics (2).
Comments on errors of â€œA simplified two-body problem in general relativityâ€ by S Hod And Rectification of General Relativity
Authors: Lo C. Y.
Published: November 2018

Hod claimed to have a method to deal with a simplified two-body problem. The basic error of Hod and the previous researchers is that they failed to see that in general relativity there is no bounded dynamic solution for a two-body problem. A common error is that the linearized equation is considered as always providing a valid approximation in mathematics. However, validity of the linearization is proven only for the static and the stable cases when the gravitational wave is not involved. In a dynamic problem when gravitational wave is involved, since it is proven in 1995 that there is no bounded dynamic solution, the process of linearization is not valid in mathematics. This is the difference between Einstein and Gullstrand who suspected that a dynamic solution does not exist. In fact, for the dynamic case, the Einstein equation and the linearized equation are essentially independent equations, and the perturbation approach is not valid. Note that the linearized equation is a linearization of the Lorentz-Levi-Einstein equation, which has bounded dynamic solutions but not the Einstein equation, which has no bounded dynamic solution. Because of inadequacy in non-linear mathematics, many had made errors without knowing them.
The study of humidity sensors having sandwich structure based on chalcogenide glasses
Authors: Alekberov R.I.
Published: November 2018

This article is devoted to the study of the influence of moisture in sandwich structure Al-As33.3Se33.3S33.4-Te, Al-As33.3Se33.3S33.4:Smx-Te (x=1 at%).It is clear from the analysis of schedules, after thermal annealing time characteristics isimproved for the sample doped by Sm.After thermal annealing decreases 2-4 times inertia inAs33.3Se33.3S33.4:Smx (x=1at%).This increases the possibility applying of humidity sensors.
The Philosophy of Space-Time: Whence Cometh Matter and Motion?
Authors: Malek Abdul
Published: November 2018

From the macrocosm to the microcosm, natural science has so far confirmedÂ  the most fundamental assertion of materialist dialectics that there can be no matter without motion and no motion without matter. This view of the objective reality is in sharp conflict with the one proposed by Albert Einstein in his theory of General Relativity (GR). According to Einstein, â€œSince the theory of general relativity (GR) implies the representation of physical reality by a continuous field, the concept of particles and material points cannot play a fundamental part and neither can the concept of motion. The particle can only appear as a limited region in space in which the field strength or energy density is particularly highâ€(1).This article offers a dialectical perspective of the internal dynamics of Space-Time-Matter-Motion of the infinite universe, mediated by the virtual particles of the quantum vacuum. It is at the same time a refutation of the finite,Â  non-material and abstract four dimensional spacetime geometric manifold as the ontological basis of objective reality, proposed by Minkowski andÂ  Einstein.
Melatonin production influenced by low frequency magnetic fields
Authors: Mohammed Ali Esmail Abdo
Published: November 2018

In several residential and occupational studies, suppression of nocturnal melatonin in humans, which is induced by magnetic field, has been reported. The pineal gland produces melatonin and consider it as its major secretory product, which has a vital role in human well-being and health as it was suggested by the growing literature. Generally, exposure to the electric field has many biological effects, and the research on which has recently made this neurohormone, which is associated with the generation and classification of electric field, a focal point. To raise the risk of cancer through changing the pineal glands' regular functions and disrupting the melatonin's nocturnal increase in its release and synthesis, exposure to magnetic fields has been hypothesized. It is very essential to ascertain whether hormonal levers are changed during the exposure of humans to a magnetic field at night because the evidence for the "melatonin hypothesis" relies chiefly upon rodent data. The field-induced alterations were failed to be observed by all studies which have investigated the alterations in melatonin under controlled laboratory conditions when humans are exposed to a magnetic field. However, melatonin levels are altered through the exposure to low frequency magnetic fields, as it has been proposed by several observational studies in occupational and residential settings, which usually differ in terms of the presence of possible confounders, the individuals' health status and their general characteristics, the exposure conditions, and the attained measurement's precisions, durations and types. The associated differences in the duration of exposure may lead to this model of conflicting results. In the laboratory studies, only one night of exposure to a magnetic field was received by volunteers. In contrast, participants in the observational studies, usually for long periods on a daily basis, received chronic exposures to such fields. The consistent measurements of each melatonin over time is considered as another related possible explanation. It is unknown if the frequent magnetic field exposures suppress the inherent stability of each measurement of melatonin over time. In conclusion, the explanation of the contrasting results obtained in laboratory studies, and not in observational ones, could be helped by the evidence for improved suppression or increased variable measurements of melatonin attained in studies with longer controlled exposures.
MicroVolt Variations of The Human Brain (Quantitative Electroencephalography) Display Differential Torque Effects During West-East versus North-South Orientation in the Geomagnetic Field
Authors: Persinger Michael A , Vares David A , Corradini Paula L
Published: November 2018

Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â  Â Â The human brain was assumed to be an elliptical electric dipole. Repeated quantitative electroencephalographic measurements over several weeks were completed for a single subject who sat in either a magnetic eastward or magnetic southward direction. The predicted potential difference equivalence for the torque while facing perpendicular (west-to-east) to the northward component of the geomagnetic field (relative to facing south) was 4 Î¼V. The actual measurement was 10 Î¼V. The oscillation frequency around the central equilibrium based upon the summed units of neuronal processes within the cerebral cortices for the moment of inertia was 1 to 2 ms which are the boundaries for the action potential of axons and the latencies for diffusion of neurotransmitters. The calculated additional energy available to each neuron within the human cerebrum during the torque condition was ~10-20 J which is the same order of magnitude as the energy associated with action potentials, resting membrane potentials, and ligand-receptor binding. It is also the basic energy at the level of the neuronal cell membrane that originates from gravitational forces upon a single cell and the local expression of the uniaxial magnetic anisotropic constant for ferritin which occurs in the brain. These results indicate that the more complex electrophysiological functions that are strongly correlated with cognitive and related human properties can be described by basic physics and may respond to specific geomagnetic spatial orientation.
Microwave wide band absorption by carbon from Corn cob-1
Authors: Sharon Maheshwar , Vishwakarma Ritesh , Phatak Abhijeet Rajendra , Kalita Golap , Sharma Nallin , Sharon Madhuri
Published: November 2018

Corn cob, an agricultural waste, is paralyzed at different temperatures (700oC, 800oC and 900oC). Microwave absorption of carbon in the frequency range of 2 GHz to 8 GHz is reported. Carbon activated Â with 5%Â  nickel nitrate showed more than 90% absorption of microwave in the frequency range from 6 GHz to 8 GHz, while carbon activated Â with 10% Nickel nitrate treated corn cob showed 90% absorptionÂ  in the frequency range of 2.5 GHz to 5 GHz. Carbon showing the best absorption are characterized by XRD, Raman spectra and SEM . It is suggested that corn cob treatmentÂ Â  alone with KOH did not improve the microwave absorption, whereas treatment along with nickel nitrate improved the absorption property much better. It is proposed that treatment with nickel nitrate helps in creating suitable pores in carbonÂ Â  which improved the absorption behavior because while treating carbon with 1N HCl helps to leach out nickel creating equivalent amount of pores in the carbon.
Characterization of Indium addition on Sn-Bi-Sb Lead free Solder alloy
Authors: Mahlab Sara Mosaad , Kamal Mustafa , Mansour Abd El-Raouf Mohamed
Published: November 2018

The aim of these work is to measure the effect of the addition of In with different atomic percent weight on structure, melting, Electrical and mechanical properties of Sn70-X at.% -Bi15 at.% -Sb15 at.%- Inx at.% Â rapidly solidified. X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), temperature dependence of resistivity (TDR), and mechanical resonance method are performed. It's found that electrical conductivity (Ïƒ) and thermal conductivity (K) increased gradually by increasing In at.%. Melting temperature reduced from 470.12 K for Sn70 at.%- Bi15 at.%- Sb15 at.% to 427.13 K in Sn61 at.%- Bi15 at.%- Sb15 at.%- In9 at.%. Also, elastic moduli, internal friction and thermal diffusivity measured from melt-quenched ribbons.Â
Microstructural analysis for Sn-Bi-Sb-In alloy prepared by rapid solidification
Authors: Mahlab Sara Mosaad , Kamal Mustafa , Mansour Abd El-Raouf
Published: November 2018

In the present study, Sn70-X at.% -Bi15 at.% -Sb15 at.%- Inx at.%Â  alloy ( x= 0, 2, 4, 6),Â  were prepared by melt spinning technique. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy combined with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDX), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), and Vickers microhardness (Hv); were used to characterize the phase transformation and the microstructure evolution. The results contribute to the understanding of the microstructure evolution in alloys of the type prepared by melt spinning technique. This work reports on a comparative study of the rapidly solidified, in order to compare the microhardness and microstructural analysis.Â
A Comparison of Rheological Models and Experimental Data of Metallocene Linear Low Density Polyethylene Solutions as a Function of Temperature and Concentration
Authors: Hamza Salah
Published: November 2018

Knowledge of rheological properties of polymer and their variation with temperature and concentration have been globally important for processing and fabrication of polymers in order to make useful products. Basheer et al. [1] investigated, experimentally, the changes in rheological properties of metallocene linear low density polyethylene (mLLDPE) solutions by using a rotational rheometer model AR-G2 with parallel plate geometry. Their work covered the temperature range from Â to Â andÂ  concentration from Â to . In this paper, we reconsider Basheer work to describe the rheological behavior of mLLDPE solutions and its dependence on concentration and temperature.Until now, several models have been built to describe the complex behavior of polymer fluids with varying degrees of success. In this article, Oldroyd 4-constant, Giesekus and Power law models were tested for investigating the viscosity of mLLDPE solution as a function of shear rate. Results showed that Giesekus and power law models provide the best prediction of viscosity for a wide range of shear rates at constant temperature and concentration. Therefore, Giesekus and power law models were suitable for all mLLDPE solutions while Oldroyd 4-constant model doesn't.A new proposed correlation for the viscosity of mLLDPE solutions as a function of shear rate, temperature and concentration has been suggested. The effect of temperature and concentration can be adequately described by an Arrhenius-type and exponential function respectively. The proposed correlation form was found to fit the experimental data adequately.
ON A PERFECT FLUID KÂ¨ AHLER SPACETIME
Authors: SRIVASTAVA VIBHA , PANDEY P. N.
Published: November 2018

The object of the present paper is to study a perfect fluid KÂ¨ahlerspacetime. A perfect fluid KÂ¨ahler spacetime satisfying the Einstein field equation with a cosmological term has been studied and the existence of killingand conformal killing vectors have been discussed. Certain results related to sectional curvature for pseudo projectively flat perfect fluid KÂ¨ahler spacetime have been obtained. Dust model for perfect fluid KÂ¨ahler spacetime has also been studied.
Problems on the Gravitational Wave and the Repulsive Gravitation
Authors: Lo C. Y.
Published: November 2018

It is exciting that the gravitational wave has been confirmed, according to the announcement of LIGO. This would be the time to fix the Einstein equation for the gravitational wave and the nonexistence of the dynamic solution. As a first step, theorists should improve their pure mathematics on non-linear mathematics and related physical considerations beyond Einstein. Then, it is time to rectify the Einstein equation that has no gravitational wave solution which Einstein has recognized, and no dynamic solution that Einstein failed to see. A problem is that physicists in LIGO did not know their shortcomings. Also, in view of the far distance of the sources, it is very questionable that the physicists can determine they are from black holes. Moreover, since the repulsive gravitation can also generate a gravitational wave, the problem of gravitational wave is actually far more complicated than we have known. A useful feature of the gravitational wave based on repulsive gravitation is that it can be easily generated on earth. Thus this can be a new tool for communication because it can penetrate any medium.
The Nature of Gravitation
Authors: G. Luna Homero
Published: November 2018

Taking into account the equivalent principle of Einstein and the special relativity equations, we infered, for a flat space time, a new formulae of gravitation. We assume two reference frames, one of these at rest, in the center of gravitatiuonal field, and another one, corresponding to the field itselft. If the gravitational field is an inverse square law, the rest frame field results a modified newtonian force. We applicate the same procedure to the electrical field and results a weak force comparable with gravitation strength. The proportional constant must be the gravitational constant. We calculate the gravitatiobal constant using the value of the electrical constant and the parameter of the electron, and we found a close value with the expererimental results sugesting the the gravitation is a residual product of the electricity.
About the Transition to Turbulence Through Chaotic Distortion of Vortex Shedding
Authors: V.Lebed Igor
Published: November 2018

The results of direct numerical integration of the Navier-Stokes equations are evaluated against experimental data for the problem of flow around a hard sphere at rest. The evaluation is performed for both the sequence of vortex shedding regimes, replacing stable modes after the loss of stability, and the regime of turbulence replacing vortex shedding modes as Reynolds number Re increases. The evaluation demonstrates the unsuitability of classic hydrodynamics equations to interpret the phenomenon of vortex shedding. Moreover, the attainment of critical value of Re is accompanied by loss of the direction of instability development. Wrong direction of instability development results in the attainment of multiperiodic, that is, essentially chaotic, solution. Insurmountable discrepancies between calculation results and experimental data show that the chaotic deterministic solution to the Navier-Stokes equation is not suitable for interpretation of turbulence. An analogy is revealed between the sequence of modes observed in flow around a sphere as Re increases and sequence of modes in shear layer behind a cylinder with paraboloidal nose recorded while moving downstream along the contour of streamlined body. The conclusions are as follows. The turbulence of shear flow is regular unstable vortex shedding regime distorted by chaotic fluctuations. Solutions to the classic hydrodynamics equations are incapable of interpreting both regular and chaotic turbulence component. Multimoment hydrodynamics seeks for decision of these problems along the way toward an increase in the number of principle hydrodynamic values.
A computational study of the effect of geomagnetic activity on the planetary circulation of the Earthâ€™s atmosphere
Authors: Mingalev I. V. , G. Orlov K. , Mingalev V. S.
Published: November 2018

The effect of geomagnetic activity on the global circulation in the Earthâ€™s atmosphere is studied with the help of the non-hydrostatic mathematical model, developed earlier in the Polar Geophysical Institute. The mathematical model allows us to calculate three-dimensional global distributions of the zonal, meridional, and vertical components of the wind velocity and neutral gas density in the layer surrounding the Earth globally and stretching from the ground up to the altitude of 126 km. Simulations were performed for the summer period in the northern hemisphere (16 July) and for three distinct values of geomagnetic activity (Kp=1, 4 and 7). The simulation results indicated that the effect of geomagnetic activity on the global neutral wind system may be essential not only above 80 km but also below this altitude (in the mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere). A physical mechanism, responsible for the influence of geomagnetic activity on the global neutral wind system in the mesosphere, stratosphere and troposphere, has been established with the help of the model calculations.
INFLUENCE OF ANNEALING ON THE STRUCTURAL AND OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF INDIUM OXIDE THIN FILMS PREPARED USING THERMAL EVAPORATION IN A VACUUM METHOD
Authors: A. Hussain Saleem , Al-Hilo Eman .A. , Hatem Alyaa H
Published: November 2018

In the work, the structures and the optical parameters were studied for In2O3 thin films Before and after annealing at different temperatures (400 and 500 ) thin films were prepared on glass substrate by by vacuum thermal evaporation. The X-Ray diffraction showed that In2O3, In2O3 Plasticizedthin films which were prepared to have a polycrystalline cubic structure. The most preferential orientation is along the (321) direction for all deposited In2O3 films. Some parameters of the films were calculated as the average grain size and the dislocation density. Optical properties measurement transmittance (T) of the film shows that they have high transmittance (82.7%) is obtained for at annealing 500 . The optical properties such as absorption coefficient (Î±) using the transmittance measurement from an UV-vis spectrophotometer, with a range of wavelength (300-1100) nm. And also calculated energy gap for thin films. and also calculated energy gap for thin films, the result has been shown that the optical energy gap increasing with increasing annealing.