bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contesting the Nexus between Intermarriage and Integration
Authors: Rodríguez-García Dan , Lubbers Miranda J. , Solana Miguel , de Miguel-Luken Verónica
Published: October 2015

This article examines the nexus between intermarriage and sociocultural dimensions of the integration of immigrants in Spain. The data presented draw on ninety-four in-depth interviews conducted with immigrants of seven different origins in exogamous (mixed) and endogamous (same-origin) unions in Catalonia, the region with the highest rate of immigration and ethno-racial diversity in Spain. We apply a mixed-methods approach, combining quantitative and qualitative analyses. We find that the relationship between intermarriage and integration is complex and multidirectional: intermarriage has a direct effect on some dimensions of integration (e.g., the expansion and diversification of personal/social networks) but has no relationship (e.g., for identification with the society of destination) or a bidirectional relationship (e.g., for the learning of official languages) for others. Furthermore, we find that the outcomes are context-dependent and may be moderated by factors such as country of origin or gender. In sum, our results suggest a much more nuanced picture of the nexus between intermarriage and integration than has traditionally been theorized.
Process‐Related Barriers to Optimizing Enteral Nutrition in a Tertiary Medical Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Kozeniecki Michelle , McAndrew Natalie , Patel Jayshil J.
Published: October 2015

Purpose: Enteral nutrition (EN) is the preferred route of nutrient delivery in critically ill patients. Research has consistently described an incomplete delivery of EN in critically ill patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate barriers to reach and maintain >90% prescribed EN among critically ill medical intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort quality improvement study of patients ≥18 years of age admitted to a tertiary medical ICU and referred for EN from October 1–December 31, 2013. We excluded patients who received intermittent or bolus feeding. Demographic, clinical, and nutrition data were collected. Potential barriers to EN were categorized a priori. Results: Seventy‐eight patients receiving 344 days of EN were included in the study. EN was initiated at a median of 32 hours (interquartile range, 18.5–75 hours) after ICU admission. Initiation and advancement of EN was identified as the most common reason for <90% prescribed intake. The top 5 interruption reasons were extubation, fasting for bedside procedure, loss of enteral access, gastric residual volume (0–499 mL), and radiology suite procedure. Conclusions: Suboptimal EN volume delivery continues to be an issue in critically ill patients. Our study identified initiation and advancement of EN as the most common reason for suboptimal EN volume delivery. Variation in practice was noted within several categories, and multiple reversible barriers to optimal EN delivery were identified. These data can serve as the impetus to modify practice models and workflow to optimize EN delivery among critically ill patients.
Exploring the Effectiveness of External Use of Bach Flower Remedies on Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Authors: Rivas-Suárez Saira R. , Águila-Vázquez Jaime , Suárez-Rodríguez Bárbara , Vázquez-León Lázaro , Casanova-Giral Margarita , Morales-Morales Roberto , Rodríguez-Martín Boris C.
Published: October 2015

Background.

A randomized, pilot, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of a cream based on Bach flower remedies (BFR) on symptoms and signs of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Methods.

Forty-three patients with mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome during their “waiting” time for surgical option were randomized into 3 parallel groups: Placebo (n = 14), blinded BFR (n = 16), and nonblinded BFR (n = 13). These groups were treated during 21 days with topical placebo or a cream based on BFR.

Results.

Significant improvements were observed on self-reported symptom severity and pain intensity favorable to BFR groups with large effect sizes (η2partial > 0.40). In addition, all signs observed during the clinical exam showed significant improvements among the groups as well as symptoms of pain, night pain, and tingling, also with large effect sizes (φ > 0.5). Finally, there were significant differences between the blinded and nonblinded BFR groups for signs and pain registered in clinical exam but not in self-reports.

Conclusion.

The proposed BFR cream could be an effective intervention in the management of mild and moderate carpal tunnel syndrome, reducing the severity symptoms and providing pain relief.
Tlaloc Rites and the Huey Tozoztli Festival in the Mexican Codex Borbonicus
Authors: DiCesare Catherine R.
Published: October 2015

This study examines the unusual colonial Codex Borbonicus image of a pre-Columbian springtime festival known as Huey Tozoztli. It attends to the special prominence the Borbonicus gives to the rain god Tlaloc, a dedication at odds with more usual venerations to the maize goddess. The Borbonicus provides temporal specificity for its veintenas by including year dates in its pages that anchor its contents within historical time, probably 1507. Given that, this study considers the ways in which multiple calendrical cycles might have intermeshed in that singular year and frames Huey Tozoztli as an unusual, historically specific event yoking ritual activity to contemporary historical concerns.
Uncertain Counts: The Struggle to Enumerate First Nations in Canada and the United States, 1870–1911
Authors: Hoy Benjamin
Published: October 2015

Throughout the nineteenth century, Canada and the United States struggled to gain accurate demographic data on the First Nations and Métis communities they claimed to oversee. Enumerators grappled with linguistic and cultural differences, distrust, the ambiguity of racial categories, and the geographic mobility and isolation of many Native American communities. Understanding how, where, and why national census takers and Indian agents failed to overcome these challenges sheds light on the locality of federal power and the pathways through which Native Americans maintained their autonomy.
Marching to the Beat of a Newer Drum: Cultural Continuity and Revival in Nisg̲a'a Church Armies, 1894–1970
Authors: May Nicholas
Published: October 2015

The emergence of evangelical revivalist organizations in the late nineteenth century, such as the Church of England's Church Army—and the more widely known Salvation Army—is typically understood by historians to be intertwined with the development of the working class in an industrializing capitalist society. Yet the rapid growth of Church Army branches among aboriginal peoples of British Columbia's north coast under different conditions in these same years challenges the often-assumed universality of categories of analysis such as class. This article explores the movement from a perspective that draws upon contemporary Nisg̲a'a memories of their Church Army and places these memories within the context of the challenges the Nisg̲a'a faced as a result of Euro-Canadian efforts to colonize them. It reveals the limits of such categories and the value of rethinking the history of aboriginal participation in larger, globalizing movements from indigenous perspectives. For the Nisg̲a'a, the attraction of the Church Army and its novel forms lay in the possibilities it offered for continuity during a difficult period of their history marked by cultural repression.
Case Report: Management of idiopathic chylothorax
Authors: Abouda Maher , Ferdaous Yangui , Triki Miriam , Charfi Mehdi , Charfi Mohamed Ridha
Published: October 2015

Chylothorax is characterized by the presence of chyle in the pleural space and results from lesion or obstruction of the thoracic duct. We present two cases of non-traumatic, idiopathic chylothorax in two females that were treated differently. The first is a 42 year old female who presented with a symptomatic right chylothorax. Treatment by a low-fat diet supplemented with medium chain triglyceride and evacuation of the pleural fluid was sufficient. The second patient is a 25 year old female admitted for a bilateral chylothorax. Despite optimal medical therapy, chylothorax continued to persist. Finally thoracic duct ligation was performed, which resulted in resolution of the effusion. These two cases illustrate that the management of idiopathic chylothorax can be surgical or nonsurgical.
Political control or legitimacy deficit? Bureaucracies’ symbolic responses to bottom-up public pressures
Authors: Alon-Barkat Saar , Gilad Sharon
Published: October 2015

Public administration research has thus far focused on the responses of bureaucracies to top-down pressures by elected politicians. By comparison, bureaucracies’ responses to bottom-up public pressures, such as media coverage and social protest, and the micro-mechanisms that underlie the variation in their response, have received less attention. This study contributes to current literature by analysing the extent to which subjection to political control shapes the direct response of bureaucracies to bottom-up public pressures. Based on current literature, we explore two distinct micro-mechanisms: on the one hand, building, inter alia, on principal–agent theory, we would expect higher levels of political control to render bureaucracies more attentive to public pressures in order to preempt intervention by politicians who are reliant on public support (the principal–agent mechanism). Conversely, building on regulation theory, we would expect autonomous agencies to exhibit their attentiveness to salient public pressures in order to compensate for their precarious democratic legitimacy (the legitimacy-deficit mechanism). Empirically, we analyse the responses of a diverse set of 36 bureaucracies to the unprecedented social protests that took place in Israel during 2011. We focus on bureaucracies’, including independent agencies’, symbolic responses via advertising campaigns. Our analysis shows that higher levels of political control enhanced the inclination of bureaucracies to engage in symbolic interactions in response to the social protests, supporting our extended version of the principal–agent model.
Rhetorically (De)constructing AIDS
Authors: Hirtle Kala B.
Published: October 2015

Framed by ideas such as Rick Lee’s “AIDS literacy,” Samuel Delany’s “street talk” and “straight talk,” and Gérard Genette’s understanding of paratext as “a zone not only of transition but also of transaction ,” I question what types of rhetorical modes work well for discussing diseases, like AIDS, in fantasy texts. AIDS and literacy are intimately connected because, as Lee explains, “the emergence of AIDS involved the need to become knowledgeable with the various terms then circulating as references to ‘the AIDS virus.’” That is, disease necessitates new discourses to properly facilitate both biomedical (what Delany refers to as “straight talk”) and culturally informed (what Delany refers to as “street talk”) discussions; therefore, the rhetorical choices we make become essential to our understandings of disease. T. E. Apter declares that fantasy writers must create a new language “either because some new, unknown order prevails, or because the former order functions haphazardly or piecemeal”: the introduction of AIDS, like the fantastic, creates a new order—fragmenting previous world meanings. In this article, I determine whether Samuel R. Delany’s two modes of talking about AIDS are sufficient for discussing disease (AIDS in New York and the unnamed “plague” in Kolhari) in Flight from Nevèrÿon . I discuss why a balance between “straight talk” and “street talk” is needed to change how AIDS is both perceived and discussed and propose dialogue as the key to discussing illness and disease.
“Think Galactic. Or Your World is Lost”: The Boundaries of Science and Art and Samuel Delany’s New Poetics
Authors: Stallings L. H.
Published: October 2015

Critical thinking and creative thinking are not the same, nor are the resulting worlds and ways of being that each process brings to bear. In this essay, I examine Samuel Delany’s Empire Star and Babel-17 for the way each challenges the neoliberal rhetorical privileging of critical thinking skills in the valuation of the arts and humanities in U.S. society. Delany uses space exploration and espionage as metaphors for advancements in science and technology and human evolution in a future society dominantly shaped by empirical evidence, rationality, and reason. I propose that Delany’s fiction warns readers that imperialist and capitalist uses of knowledge become impediments to the production of new knowledge and therefore new worlds and ways of being human. In each case, he concludes that the creative processes arising from art and culture are seeds of salvation for how to continue developing innovative knowledge to sustain old and emerging worlds.
Writing against Normativity: Samuel R. Delany’s Textual Times Square
Authors: Hubbs Jolene
Published: October 2015

This essay explores the rhetorical and political functions of literary form in Samuel Delany’s Times Square Red, Times Square Blue (1999). I argue that Delany crafts his text as a map guiding the reader through a sexually and socially diverse utopia in an effort to push back against conservative strains in gay politics and urban renewal of the 1990s.
“Happily Ever After”: The Tragic Queer and Delany’s Comic Book Fairy Tale
Authors: Matsuuchi Ann
Published: October 2015

In this article, I discuss the formulations of queer futurity and normativity in Samuel Delany’s autobiographical graphic novel Bread & Wine: An Erotic Tale of New York , drawn by artist Mia Wolff. The love story that is depicted via an interplay of text and imagery resists clichéd homonormative recasting of existing familial templates and questions how expectations queer happiness are bounded by a persistent set of social norms (race, class, education, and income) and their intersections. I also suggest how happy endings can function as a renegotiation of the utopian impulse into something more complex and realistic.
Galahad, Percival, and Bors: Grail Knights and the Quest for Spiritual Friendship
Authors: Sévère Richard
Published: October 2015

St. Aelred’s Spiritual Friendship (dated between 1164 and 1167) serves as a framework through which we can read and better understand the interactions among knights on the Grail Quest. Ultimately, spiritual friendship proves not only an ennobling act in Malory, but also a necessary step in achieving the Grail.
‘Ʒit þat traytour alls tite teris lete he fall’: Arthur, Mordred, and Tragedy in the Alliterative Morte Arthure
Authors: Adler Gillian
Published: October 2015

In the Brut tradition, the narrative of King Arthur’s last campaign represents the dying king heroically. However, the late medieval Alliterative Morte Arthure differs, from Laʒamon’s Brut in particular, by connecting Arthur’s hyper-masculinity to the collapse of his court.
The Intertextuality of Works of Art in Advertising
Authors: Torres Eduardo Cintra
Published: October 2015

Advertisers frequently resort to published works of art in advertisements. Those intertextual references can be explicit, in which case the allusion to the image helps the viewer understand the context of the ad’s text. The context is implicit, on the other hand, when the ad’s allusions intend to stimulate the observer’s pleasure in identifying them. There are, moreover, implicit intertexts where the quotation does not need to be unmasked by the observer and is used to build a contemporary advertising text with artistic intentions. This article uses a textual analysis of ads that turned to the quotation of canonical or less popularly known works of “high art,” especially in painting and sculpture, to try to establish the motives of the iconic quotation process and the types and functions of such images used by advertising creatives to promote brands and products and to please the viewer. After the theoretical introduction, I turn to two methods to verify my research hypothesis: first, I use image and textual analysis to achieve those keys of interpretation and propose a list of functions and a typology of this particular kind of intertextuality. The sample has been gathered systematically since 2003, using previous examples picked from the literature and the Internet. Secondly, to verify the analysis, I surveyed a sample of advertising creatives. The survey confirms the functions and typology proposed.
Newcomer Civic Participation: The Alliance Homework Club and the Integration of Next Generation Youth in Ottawa
Authors: Bélanger Nathalie , Dalley Phyllis , Turner Karine
Published: October 2015

Through the analysis of ethnographic data collected in a homework club serving children of immigrant families, this article reports on a less documented mode of newcomer civic participation that is non-institutional and unrelated to government. Indeed, contrary to other clubs included in a larger study, the one discussed here is positioned by its organisers as outside the race for subsidies. Participation in this race entails that organisations such as theirs are accountable to and must frame objectives, which are amenable to those of funding agencies. We find that this parallel mode of participation is based on long-term objectives of immigrant community integration into the host community, most notably through the educational success of their children. Thus, the club presented here is at the intersection of two previously documented newcomer integration strategies: civic participation and investment in the next generation. This is the first study to document such a crossroads.

Dans le cadre d’un plus vaste projet de recherche portant sur les clubs de devoirs en langue française dans la Ville d’Ottawa (Ontario, Canada), nous présentons ici une ethnographie menée dans un club sur une période d’un an. Ce club a été mis sur pied par un groupe de parents issus de l’immigration et renseigne sur un mode de participation sociale non institutionnel de nouveaux arrivants. Peu d’études documentent ce genre d’initiatives qui se déploient en périphérie des initiatives formelles et institutionnelles. Contrairement à plusieurs autres clubs et initiatives, les moniteurs et organisateurs de ce club ne sont pas à la recherche de financements des gouvernements et cherchent plutôt à travailler auprès des jeunes, sans avoir à s’insérer dans un mode de fonctionnement formel. Ce mode de participation permet à ces derniers de poursuivre l’objectif d’une meilleure intégration des membres de leur communauté dans la société d’accueil à travers la réussite scolaire des enfants. Le club de devoirs présenté se situe à l’intersection de deux stratégies déployées par les nouveaux arrivants : participation sociale et investissement dans la deuxième génération. Il s’agit ici d’une des premières études à documenter ce type de processus.
Racial Variations in Ethnic Identity among the Children of Immigrants in Canada
Authors: Sano Yujiro , Kaida Lisa , Tenkorang Eric Y.
Published: October 2015

Using data from the Ethnic Diversity Survey, we study the impact of parental human capital, family socialization, co-ethnic friendship, and experience of discrimination on ethnic identity formation among the children of immigrants from diverse ethnic backgrounds. In addition, we examine the extent to which these factors account for racial variations in ethnic identity attainment. The results show that racial minority children of immigrants are more likely to attain ethnic identity than their white counterparts. We also find racial variation is explained by parental human capital, family socialization, co-ethnic friendship, and past experience of discrimination. We discuss implications of our findings for Canada’s multiculturalism policy, which promotes the formation and maintenance of ethnic identity.

Dans cette étude, nous utilisons les données de l’Enquête sur la diversité ethnique pour examiner l’impact du capital humain des parents, la socialisation familiale, les rapports entre amis de différentes ethnies, et l’expérience de la discrimination sur la formation de l’identité ethnique des enfants d’immigrants de diverses origines ethniques. Nous cherchons aussi à voir si ces facteurs expliquent les variations raciales dans la construction de l’identité ethnique. Les résultats montrent que les enfants d’immigrants de minorité raciale sont plus susceptibles de se forger une identité ethnique que leurs homologues blancs. De plus, les quatre facteurs expliquent la variation raciale. Nous discutons des implications de nos résultats pour la politique canadienne du multiculturalisme.
‘I Fit the Description’: Experiences of Social and Spatial Exclusion among Ghanaian Immigrant Youth in the Jane and Finch Neighbourhood of Toronto
Authors: Zaami Mariama
Published: October 2015

Public interest in the influence of neighbourhoods on immigrant integration in Canadian society has been growing in recent years; yet, there are few studies that explain the effect of neighbour-hoods on immigrant experiences of exclusion in Canada. Drawing on in-depth interviews (12 males and 13 females) and a focus group discussion (five females and three males) conducted with Ghanaian immigrant youth between the ages of 18 to 30 from the Ghanaian community in the Jane and Finch neighbourhood of Toronto in May to June, 2011, this paper discusses the experiences of social and spatial exclusion among Ghanaian immigrant youth. Drawing on socio-spatial dialectics, the findings suggest that Ghanaian immigrant youth experiences of socio-spatial exclusion are intertwined in a dialectical process involving the Jane and Finch neighbourhood and the general public. In particular, the youth negotiate access to employment opportunities, shopping malls and counter exclusion through reformulation of resumes, and masking of their actual neighbourhoods. This paper fills an important gap in our knowledge of the lived experiences of African immigrant youth and contributes to our understanding of the dynamics of neighbourhood stigmatization and its impact on residents’ integration into the larger society.

Au moment où le public s’intéresse davantage à l’impact des quartiers de résidence sur l’intégration des immigrants à la société canadienne, peu d’études explorent l’influence qu’a le voisinage sur les expériences d’inclusion et d’exclusion des immigrants au Canada. Pour cette raison, cet article traite des expériences d’exclusion spatiale et sociale chez des jeunes immigrants Ghanéens âgés de 18 à 30 qui habitent le quartier de Jane et Finch à Toronto. Nous basant sur des entrevues semi-dirigées approfondies menées auprès de 12 hommes et 13 femmes ainsi que un groupe de discussion organisé avec trois hommes et cinq femmes, nous montrons que l’exclusion sociospatiale que ces jeunes subissent est située dans un processus dialectique qui englobe à la fois les jeunes et le public. La dialectique socio-spatiale nous permet également à conclure que les jeunes résistent à l’exclusion en question et négocient leur accès à l’emploi et aux centres commerciaux par le biais de la reformulation du CV et le masquage du nom de quartier. De cette façon, cet article cet article comble les lacunes en matière de vécu des jeunes immigrants africains et nous permet de mieux comprendre les dynamiques de la stigmatisation basée sur le lieu de résidence et l’impact que celle-ci a sur l’intégration des immigrants au sein de la société canadienne.
The Volunteering Dogma and Canadian Work Experience: Do Recent Immigrants Volunteer Voluntarily?
Authors: Wilson-Forsberg Stacey , Sethi Bharati
Published: October 2015

This article deconstructs the now common practice of immigrant volunteering for the purpose of upgrading or practicing job-related skills in Canada. The analysis draws on the findings of two separate qualitative studies related to the integration of immigrant adults in Southern Ontario. The first study (Wilson-Forsberg) focused on the settlement and adaptation experiences of immigrants (both men and women) from Latin America and the second study (Sethi) examined the impact of employment on the health and well-being of immigrant and refugee women from the visible minority population. Having re-analyzed our interview data to highlight the motivations behind participants’ volunteering and their perceptions of the experience, the findings suggest that immigrants volunteer to gain Canadian experience, to maintain remnants of professional identity, and to overcome loneliness and boredom. Intersectionality analysis of participants’ multiple intersecting identities reveals that immigrant volunteering is more complex than merely volunteering for upgrading human and/or social capital skills. The article concludes that, while volunteering can be beneficial to foster the social integration of immigrants, it appears to do little to enhance their economic integration.

Cet article déconstruit la pratique maintenant courante des immigrants de faire du volontariat à fin d’améliorer ou de pratiquer leurs compétences liées à l’emploi au Canada. L’analyse repose sur les résultats de deux études qualitatives indépendantes reliées à l’intégration d’immigrants adultes dans le sud de l’Ontario. La première étude (auteur 1) a porté sur l’expérience d’établissement et d’adaptation d’immigrants (hommes et femmes) d’Amérique Latine et la deuxième étude (auteur 2) a examiné l’impact de l’emploi sur la santé et le bien-être de femmes immigrantes et réfugiées provenant de la population de minorités visibles. Après avoir révisé notre analyse des données ramassées lors des entrevues pour souligner les motivations qui poussent les participants à faire du volontariat et leurs perceptions de l’expérience, il apparaît que les immigrants font du volontariat pour gagner de l’expérience canadienne, pour maintenir un semblant d’identité professionnelle, et pour surmonter la solitude et l’ennui. L’analyse intersectionnelle des croisements multiples d’identités des participants révèle que le volontariat immigrant est plus complexe que le simple fait d’améliorer le capital d’habiletés humaines et/ou sociales. L’article conclut que bien que le volontariat soit bénéfique pour favoriser l’intégration sociale des immigrants, il ne semble pas rehausser leur intégration économique.
Nano Dreams and Nanoworlds: Fantastic Voyage as a Fantastic Origin Story
Authors: York Emily
Published: October 2015

Fantastic Voyage , a 1966 Hollywood science fiction film based on a screenplay written by Harry Kleiner, is often associated with contemporary nanotechnology imaginings. In this article, I draw on ethnographic research conducted within a new nanoengineering department and undergraduate major to show how this film is deployed to produce a particular disciplinary and professional identity for nanoengineering. By juxtaposing my analysis of how the film is framed in the department with a close reading of the film itself, I show how both inclusions and exclusions constitute the “nano dream,” a boundary-drawing practice that constructs the nanoengineer as an intrinsically ethical identity. I further assess how the constitutive exclusions of a cultural object taken up within an epistemic community can potentially serve as the starting points for intervention—in this case, a critical pedagogy that posits a “critical nanoengineering” practice.
Number-Lines: Diagramming Irrationality in “The Phoenix and Turtle”
Authors: Desai Adhaar Noor
Published: October 2015

This article considers how changes in the concept of number allow both poets and mathematicians in the early modern period to imagine and articulate concepts that resist referential signification. Specifically, it examines how both Shakespeare’s “The Phoenix and Turtle” and Robert Recorde’s The Whetstone of Witte employ hybridized lines possessing characteristics of both discrete and continuous types of quantity in order to render irrationality. Tracing the development of a formalized poetic “number line,” which understands verses as negotiating between aural, accentual-syllabic numbers and visual inscriptions, this article claims that “The Phoenix and Turtle” functions diagrammatically. In doing so, the poem engages habits of thought also required by Recorde’s practical manuals on mathematics, but does so in order to interrogate the limits of a rationalized, mathematical worldview.
Deleuze, Haraway, and the Radical Democracy of Desire
Authors: Leston Robert
Published: October 2015

In response to suggestions that Deleuze and Guattari are the “enemy” of companion species, this essay explores the tension between Donna Haraway’s attacks against Deleuze and Guattari and their philosophy of becoming animal. The essay goes on to contextualize Deleuze and Guattari’s statements against pet owners through a discussion of the psychoanalytical refiguration of desire and shows how their ostensible attack against pet owners fits into their larger critique against capitalism. The essay illustrates why Deleuze and Guattari and Haraway are more in agreement than first meets the eye, finding commensurability through Haraway’s early work on embryology. Becoming animal does not begin and end with either humans or animals, and the essay explores the high stakes of focusing on intensities rather than actual animal bodies.
Fear and Panic in Iowa City: Narratives, Affects, and Amygdalae
Authors: Yaczo Timothy
Published: October 2015

Overturning assumptions about the neural location of fear in humans, University of Iowa neuroscientists successfully frightened the previously “fearless” Patient S.M. in 2013. Examining this Iowa study on fear as a productive problem for both neuroscience reporting and studies of affect in the humanities, this article asks how narratives of fear travel to implicate our understanding of contemporary scholarship in the humanities and sciences. It questions the ways in which scientific case studies themselves, alongside popular scientific and philosophical appropriations of scientific material, are determined by affective responses formed in relation to narrative.
The Continuing Significance of Racism in the Lives of Asian American College Students
Authors: Museus Samuel D. , Park Julie J.
Published: October 2015

Asian Americans are one of the most misunderstood populations in higher education, and more research on this population is warranted. In this investigation, authors sought to understand the range of ways that Asian American students experience racism on a daily basis in college. They analyzed data from 46 individual, face-to-face qualitative interviews with Asian American undergraduates at 6 4-year postsecondary institutions around the nation, and 9 themes emerged from the data. Specifically, Asian American participants reported experiencing the following forms of racism in college: (a) racial harassment, (b) vicarious racism, (c) racial isolation, (d) pressure to racially segregate, (e) pressure to racially assimilate, (f) racial silencing, (g) the perpetual foreigner myth, (h) the model minority myth, and (i) the inferior minority myth. Implications for future research and practice related to Asian American students in higher education are discussed.
Student Reflective Writing: Cognition and Affect Before, During, and After Study Abroad
Authors: Savicki Victor , Price Michele V.
Published: October 2015

Reflective thinking is an important feature of study-abroad learning, yet research on reflection in this context is sparse. The current study examined student reflection on 3 content areas (Academic Expectations, Cultural Expectations, and Psychological Issues) at 3 times (before, during, and after study abroad). A content analysis approach with both cognitive and affective components provided rich descriptions of student reflection. Content areas showed unique patterns of emphasis as well as changes over time. Implications for study-abroad educators and advisors in guiding student thinking may lead to reflective strategies to help students construct nuanced and advantageous interpretations of their experiences.
Wrestling With Expectations: An Examination of How Asian American College Students Negotiate Personal, Parental, and Societal Expectations
Authors: Samura Michelle
Published: October 2015

This research draws on a broader study that situates Asian American college students within larger sociohistorical and political contexts. I examined Asian American college students’ experiences and what it means to be “Asian American” in and through these experiences. Two types of expectations emerged from the data: students’ internal expectations—the expectations that they have for themselves as well as their college and postcollege experiences, and external expectations from family and society. The various ways that students negotiate internal and external expectations translate into particular understandings of freedom and possibility they carry into college. I also discuss students’ precollege racial awareness since the combined meanings of Asian American racial identity and higher education with which students enter college subsequently influence their college experiences and impacts racial identity formation during their college years.
The Counter-Enlightenment: Historical Notes on a Concept Historians Should Avoid
Authors: Schmidt James
Published: October 2015

While generally agreeing with Jeremy Caradona’s reservations regarding the usefulness of the concept “counter-Enlightenment,” this comment notes certain ambiguities in earlier usages of the term and argues that Caradona’s attempt to treat “counter-Enlightenment thinkers” as “part of the Enlightenment” falls prey to the same difficulties that he sees as plaguing earlier uses of the concept. It concludes that the emergence of the concept of “counter-Enlightenment” might best be understood as one episode in a longer history of arguments about enlightenment, but does little to clarify that history.
A Rake’s Progress: William Whiston Reads Josephus
Authors: Feingold Mordechai
Published: October 2015

William Whiston’s translation of The Genuine Works of Flavius Josephus (1737) became the most popular edition of Josephus’s works in the English-speaking world—remaining so for well over two hundred and fifty years, with more than three hundred editions printed. Despite its importance, however, Whiston’s biographers accorded scant attention to it—perhaps because research into the early modern reception of Josephus had scarcely begun. My article seeks to assess the protracted and eccentric manner by which Whiston became Josephus’s champion, and how his idiosyncratic reading of the Jewish historian served Whiston’s mission to restore “primitive Christianity” to its former glory.
“To the Glory of the Chinese:“ Sinocentric Political Reform in Eliza Haywood’s The Adventures of Eovaai
Authors: Hargrave Jennifer L.
Published: October 2015

This article takes up the call of scholars such as Robert Markley, David Porter, and Chi-ming Yang to investigate the relevance of early modern Chinese linguistics, morals, and government to eighteenth-century British literature. Despite its myriad Chinese references, Eliza Haywood’s The Adventures of Eovaai remains underexplored within scholarly forays into eighteenth-century Anglo-Sino relations and their literary manifestations. Haywood demonstrates an appreciation for Chinese models of language, morality, and government—models highly reminiscent of seventeenth-century Jesuits’ laudatory accounts of the Qing Empire. By demonstrating Haywood’s engagement with Jesuit Sinology, I argue that Eovaai encapsulates a striking moment in Anglo-Sino relations that perceives China as a site of superior political knowledge to be emulated. Moreover, Haywood’s references to Chinese political rectitude are integral to her critique of British political and national character.
There Was No Counter-Enlightenment
Authors: Caradonna Jeremy L.
Published: October 2015

This essay serves as the opening comment in a discussion on the concept of the Counter-Enlightenment. The author argues that the Counter-Enlightenment is an ambiguous concept with a flimsy historical foundation. He also argues that the Counter-Enlightenment creates a binary that would not have been recognized by eighteenth-century thinkers. He draws on archival research from academic prize contests to deconstruct the binary and argue for a more complex view of the Enlightenment.
“РОССИЯ – МНОГОНАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ИМПЕРИЯ”: НЕКОТОРЫЕ РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ ВОСЕМЬ ЛЕТ СПУСТЯ ПОСЛЕ ПУБЛИКАЦИИ КНИГИ
Authors: Каппелер Андреас
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
Andreas Kappeler’s article based upon the introduction to his book Rußland als Vielvölkerreich (German publication 1992, Russian edition 1997) contains the author’s reflections on the studies of Russian imperial history during the 1990s and on perspectives for such studies. Imperial history has been recently at the center of attention both among Western researchers and in the newly independent states that emerged after the Soviet Union’s collapse. New understanding is coming into being that places the emphasis not only upon the imperial center and different ethnic groups: regions are becoming increasingly important both as objects and subjects of Russian history.
“Congresses of Russia Abroad” in the 1920s and the Politics of Émigré Nationalism: A Liberal Survival
Authors: Glebov Serguei
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
В статье С. Глебова на основе документов Русского национального комитета в Париже анализируются усилия праволиберальных эмигрантских групп по созданию единого антибольшевистского фронта. Автор показывает, что несмотря на преимущественно монархические убеждения большинства эмигрантов и вопреки тенденции к распространению в Европе антилиберальных форм массовой политики, российские либералы сохранили собственное лицо и оставили заметный след в политической жизни эмиграции. Выводы автора основаны на подробном изучении истории подготовки и проведения двух эмигрантских конгрессов 1920-х годов.
The Unintended Siberian Myth
Authors: Helin Janet
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
Дженет Хелин провела два года в Сибири в качестве универститетского преподавателя по линии Проекта “Гражданское образование” (Civic Education Project). В своей статье она делится размышлениями о мифотворчестве как культурном механизме, компенсирующем отсутствие достоверного знания о “другом”. В частности, в статье представлены распространенные в американской среде представления о Сибири, и те мифы об Америке, с которыми Дженет Хелин столкнулась в России. Автор анализирует собственный опыт в качестве культурного посредника, пытающегося разоблачить мифы и стремящегося наладить межкультурный диалог.
Inorodtsy on Obrusenie : Religious Conversion, Indigenous Clergy, and the Politics of Assimilation in Late-Imperial Russia
Authors: Werth Paul
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
Статья профессора Пола Верта посвящена феномену русификации нерусских народностей. В отличие от своих историографических предшественников, он рассматривает эту проблему не с точки зрения “русификаторов” и не с высоты сегодняшнего дня, а пытается восстановить то понимание русификации, которое было характерно для наиболее сознательных представителей обращенных в православие инородцев. Принятие православия требовало от них не только отказа от многих национальных обычаев, перемены образа жизни и т.п., но также и признания русского духовного превосходства. Автор задается вопросом, насколько далеко эти люди (избиравшие, по преимуществу, карьеры церковнослужителей или учителей в нерусских деревнях) были готовы пойти по пути обрусения? П. Верт отказывается от восприятия данной категории крещеного населения как пассивного объекта русификаторской политики и исследует их собственное понимание возможности сочетания православия и русского “просвещения” с национальными традициями и образом жизни, иначе говоря – с сохранением этнического своеобразия. В статье исследуется феномен, который П. Верт определил как “оговоренная ассимиляция” (negotiated assimilation) – та форма интеграции в русский мир, к которой стремились и которую считали допустимой представители крещеного инородческого духовенства и учительства Волго-Камского региона.

П. Верт сумел продемонстрировать, что обращение в православие не предполагало автоматической ассимиляции в русскую культуру. Напротив, миссионерская политика в Волго-Камском регионе привела к формированию религиозной интеллигенции из инородцев, которая использовала поддержку государства, преимущества образования и знание русского языка для артикуляции инородческих интересов и для развития этнического сознания среди коренного населения.
Wavering Friendship: Liberal and National Ideas in Nineteenth Century East Central Europe
Authors: Janowski Maciej
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
М. Яновский показывает, что романтический вариант национальной идеологии XIX века не есть предтеча национализма XX века. Яновский отвергает телеологические схемы развития национальных движений и утверждает, что национальная идея XIX века была универсалистской и воспринимала нацию как ценность, подчиненную другим, более универсальным ценностям. На этих основаниях возникал естественный союз между либералами и приверженцами национальной идеи. Национализм же XX века носит ограничительный и агрессивный характер, абсолютизирует нацию как высшую ценность, и соответственно – антилиберален. Яновский считает, что в данном случае речь должна идти не о стадиях разворачивания единого процесса (эволюция национальной идеи), а о двух совершенно разных доктринах. Одна уходит кор-нями в романтическую традицию, другая восходит к идее государственной рациональности.

Свои выводы Яновский делает на основе компаративного анализа национальных идеологий и политического поведения деятелей национальных движений в регионе Центральной-Восточной Европы.
ПОЛЬСКИЙ ФАКТОР В ПРАВОБЕРЕЖНОЙ УКРАИНЕ С XIX ПО НАЧАЛО XX ВЕКА
Authors: Мацузато Кимитака
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
The Right Bank Ukraine has been a battlefield of different nationalizing forces in the course of the nineteenth century. Arguing against nationalist historiography that depicts the Tsarist policy in the Right bank Ukraine as occupation, the Japanese scholar Kimitaka Matsuzato demonstrates that if it was so, the thrust of the oppression was aimed at the Poles and the Jews rather than Ukrainians, whom the officialdom considered to be Russian. The famous “Polish factor” helped to develop among “Russians” in the Western Borderlands a sense of Russianness more acute than anywhere else in the Empire. This article tangles with the problem of what was this factor in terms of culture, language, economics and politics. Based upon diverse empirical material and enriched with nuanced methodological approaches including a theoretical scheme of ethnic domination in the Empire, this article is a valuable contribution into the ongoing debate on the history of nationalities in the Western Borderlands of the Russian Empire. Additionally, the article incorporates some of the research done by Japanese historians, which is not always readily available both for Russian/CIS and American/European academic audience.
СЛАВЯ МЕСТНОЕ: ТОРЖЕСТВА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ИМПЕРИИ И ПОРЕФОРМЕННЫЕ АВТОРЫ ПРОВИНЦИАЛЬНОЙ ПРЕССЫ
Authors: Чулос Крис
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
The article by Chris J. Chulos explores the interdependence of imperial narratives and the role of the local festivities which offered a public space for communities to express local pride vis-à-vis a larger political and cultural entity. The author argues that for most rural inhabitants, the meaning of identity in the late imperial period began as locally-centered knowledge of who belonged to which settlement, village, or town and expanded to a multifarious complex of identities that eventually connected the local to the national. Three celebrations are studied in the article: the nine hundredth anniversary of the Baptism of Rus’ in 1888, the Pushkin centenary in 1899, and the fiftieth anniversary of the Emancipation in 1911.
The “Eastern Jew” as a Site of Memory in Interwar German-Jewish Travel Accounts
Authors: Casteel James
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
Статья “Восточноевропейский еврей как локус памяти в путевых записках немецких евреев в межвоенный период” посвящена изучению тех образов, представлений, страхов и надежд, которые евреи Германии проецировали на евреев восточной Европы. Автор считает, что “возвращение в Гетто” практически с начала XIX века было частью еврейско-немецкой самоидентификации, но первая мировая война создала новый контекст для подобных “возвращений” и, соответственно, новые образы восточноевропейского еврея как локуса памяти и поиска национальных корней. В статье анализируются механизмы коллективной памяти и конструирования национальной “аутентичности”. Автор интерпретирует заметки о путешествии во времени (возвращение к корням) и в пространстве (Восточная Европа, в данном случае включающая в себя и Биробиджан) четырех путешественников: немецкого сиониста А. Цвейга, коммуниста О. Хеллера, либерала А. Дублина и социалиста И. Рота.
ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИЙ МИФ И КОЛЛЕКТИВНАЯ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТЬ: МИФ АЛЕКСАНДРА НЕВСКОГО В РОССИЙСКОЙ ИСТОРИИ (1263–1998)
Authors: Шенк Фритьоф Беньямин
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
Memories of Alexander Nevsky did not cease ever since the time of his death. However, the image of this legendary figure had undergone significant changes in the cultural memory of the Russians from its reception. Initially a classic saint of local significance, officially canonized by the Orthodox Church in the 16 th century, Alexander Nevsky became the Saint-protector of the whole empire. Removed from the first lines of the history textbooks in the 19 th century and inquisiotened by the Bolsheviks in the 1920s, Alexander Nevsky was rehabilitated by the Soviet Party leadership in the mid-1930s as a soldier and strategist.

Alexander Nevsky is one of Russia’s central national myths. Not only the percepetions of the “own” history get reflected in the ever changing narrative of the Novgorodian Prince. The separate steps in the development in the formation of the political myth that are reflected in the texts and pictures of the reception history of Alexander nevsky can be interpreted as indicators of breaks in the development of collective idenity in Russian history. Three profiles of the figure of Nevsky – that of a warrior, a monk, a prince – formed until the end of the 19 th century are understood as indicators of the three different abstract projects of the Russian collective identity: sacral, dynastic and imperial, and national.
ЗА ОГРАДОЙ СЛАВЯНОФИЛЬСТВА: НИКОЛАЙ ДАНИЛЕВСКИЙ – ШПЕНГЛЕРИАНЕЦ… КАРТЕЗИАНЕЦ…
Authors: Мартынюк Игорь
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
The author surveys recent interpretations of the heritage of Nicholas Danilevsky and places them in the context of Danilevsky scholarship in Russia and abroad. The article explores Danilevsky’s thought in terms of its alleged affiliations with cultural relativism and anti-universalism, usually associated with the name of Oswald Spengler (whose ideas Danilevsky reportedly influenced) and in terms of positivist interpretations. Martyniuk also explores the revival and re-discovery of Danilevsky in post-Soviet scholarship and ideology, in particular (and exemplary) in Crimea, where the political situation made the re-appearance of Danilevsky specifically acute. Danilevsky and geopolitics is another subject of the article.
Circumnavigation, Empire, Modernity, Race: The Impact of Round-The-World Voyages on Russia’s Imperial Consciousness
Authors: Vinkovetsky Ilya
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
Статья И. Винковецкого посвящена исследованию того влияния, которое оказали на восприятие образованными русскими собственной империи начавшиеся в 1803–1806 г.г. кругосветные плавания. Новый морской (“океанский”) путь от Петербурга к тихоокеанским пределам России значительно сблизил два полюса империи и стимулировал имперские амбиции. Русские, принимавшие участие в кругосветных плаваниях, посещали европейские колонии по всему миру и возвращались в Петербург полные наблюдений, которые затем старались применить на практике. Наиболее очевидно влияние этих путешествий сказалось в Русской Америке, где реформировали и модернизировали систему управления и учредили новое сословие креолов. Но более глубокий и устойчивый след кругосветные плавания оставили в сознании русских, повлияв на их восприятие расы, империи и колонизации.