bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hypertension and cognitive dysfunction: a review of mechanisms, life-course observational studies and clinical trial results
Authors: Mahinrad Simin , Sorond Farzaneh A. , Gorelick Philip B.
Published: December 2021

Hypertension is one of the most prevalent vascular risk factors and a leading cause of disability and mortality worldwide. The negative impact of hypertension on brain health is substantial. Already well-established as a risk factor for cerebrovascular disease, hypertension also has been shown to increase the risk for cognitive impairment and dementia. Mounting evidence from epidemiological studies suggests that hypertension, particularly in midlife, is associated with late-life cognitive impairment and the development of dementia. The link between late-life hypertension and cognitive function is, however, less clear. Experimental and neuroimaging studies have revealed complexities of mechanisms underlying the link between hypertension and cognitive function. Furthermore, the effect of blood pressure lowering on cognitive function, the optimal target and timing of the intervention, and the optimal antihypertensive agent in the context of cognitive function remain unclear. In this review, we discuss contemporary science on the link between hypertension and cognitive function by reviewing experimental, neuroimaging, and life-course observational studies. Furthermore, we provide a detailed review of randomized clinical trials addressing the effect of blood pressure lowering on cognitive function. Finally, unanswered questions, challenges, and other considerations for blood pressure lowering are highlighted.
A systematic review and pooled analysis of septal myectomy and edge-to-edge mitral valve repair in obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Authors: Mihos Christos G. , Escolar Esteban , Fernandez Rafle , Nappi Francesco
Published: December 2021

Left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction and systolic anterior motion (SAM) of the mitral valve (MV) occurs in 70% of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients. In individuals undergoing septal myectomy, concomitant MV surgery is considered for SAM with residual LVOT obstruction or mitral regurgitation (MR); however, the optimal approach remains debated. A literature search was performed in Pubmed, EMBASE, Ovid, and the Cochrane library of published articles through June 2021 reporting on combined septal myectomy and edge-to-edge MV repair for obstructive HCM. Continuous variables were weighted and compared using a student’s t-test, and categorical variables using a chi-square test with Yates correction. Six studies with 158 total patients were included. The mean follow-up was 2.8 ± 2.7 years. Compared with pre-operative values, there were significant reductions in the LV ejection fraction (69 ± 10 vs 59 ± 8%), peak LVOT gradient (82 ± 34 vs 16 ± 13 mmHg), prevalence of moderate or greater MR (84 vs 5 %), and presence of SAM (96% vs 0) (p < 0.001 for all). There was no change in LV internal diastolic diameter (4.2 ± 1.3 vs 4.4 ± 1.5 cm, p = 0.32). There were 2 (1%) operative mortalities. At follow-up, the survival rate was 97%, there were 3 (2%) re-operative MV replacements, 4 (3%) patients remained in New York Heart Association functional class III/IV, and 8 (6%) required permanent pacemaker implantation. In conclusion, combined septal myectomy and edge-to-edge MV repair is a safe and effective treatment strategy in carefully selected patients requiring surgical HCM management.
Relationship between Lipoprotein(a) and cardiovascular risk factors—data from 4602 participants of the ELITE study
Authors: Schrader Bastian , Shakoor Abdul , Schmidt Annika , Schrader Joachim , Vaske Bernhard , Haller Hermann , Koziolek Michael , Elsässer Albrecht , Lüders Stephan
Published: December 2021

Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) is becoming increasingly important as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Since no effective therapy currently exists other than lipid apheresis, the recommendation remains to optimally adjust all other cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). In a Northwest German population study, the frequency of elevated Lp(a) levels and all other CVRF was investigated. The aim was to investigate whether individuals with elevated Lp(a) levels were also more likely to have other CVRFs. To date, 4602 individuals have been enrolled in the study, and blood pressure, weight, lipids, diabetes, medications, and pre-existing conditions were recorded in addition to Lp(a). In addition, questionnaires assessed physical activity, psychological stress, depression, and brain dysfunction. All participants received detailed individual recommendation about their CVRF and its treatment. In the further follow-up of 5 years, it will be examined how persons with elevated Lp(a) implemented these recommendations in comparison with participants without elevated Lp(a). The first group Lp(a) <75 nmol/L consisted of 3550 (80.2%), the Lp(a) 75–120 nmol/L group of 341 (7.4%) and the Lp(a) >120 nmol/L of 538 (11.7%). 81.6% of all participants had one or more CVRF. Age, sex, and prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and exercise did not differ among the 3 groups. As expected, LDL-Cholesterol was significantly elevated in the Lp(a) >120 nmol/L group despite significantly more frequent use of statins. Significantly more often hypertensive patients were found in the Lp(a) >120 nmol/L group who were inadequately controlled by medication and significantly less often persons without further CVRF. No differences existed in the frequency of psychological stress, depression, and mild cognitive impairment. CVRF occur with comparable frequency in individuals with elevated Lp(a) levels. However, individuals with Lp(a) above 120 nmol/L were more likely to have poorly controlled blood pressure, elevated LDL-C, and less likely to have no other risk factors. This underlines that in case of Lp(a) elevation all further CVRF should be intensively adjusted, especially in case of strongly elevated values >120 nmol/L. However, these recommendations have not been adequately implemented in clinical care in this population to date.
Role of early short-term cardiac rehabilitation in patients undergoing pacemaker implantation
Authors: Ahn Jinhee , Lee Byeong Ju , Roh Seung-Young , Kim Bu Kyung , Kim Ji Yeon , Kim Laeun , Jang Kyung Tae , Lee Sun-Hack , Choe Jeong Cheon , Park Jin Sup , Lee Hye-Won , Oh Jun-Hyok , Choi Jung Hyun , Lee Han Cheol , Cha Kwang Soo
Published: December 2021

Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation (CR) improves the clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, few data exist regarding the role of early short-term CR in patients undergoing pacemaker (PM) implantation. We assessed whether short-term CR following PM implantation was sufficient to improve both physical function and quality of life (QOL). A total of 27 patients with a 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) of less than 85% of the predicted value on the day following PM implantation were randomly assigned to either the CR group (n = 12, 44.4%) or the non-CR group (n = 15, 55.6%). The CR group involved individualized exercise-based training with moderate intensity for 4 weeks after PM implantation. Cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), 6MWD, muscle strength, and Short Form (SF)-36 were assessed at baseline and at the 4-week follow-up. After a mean follow-up period of 38.3 days, both groups showed significantly improved 6MWD. Peak oxygen uptake improved in both groups on CPET, but the difference was not statistically significant. Knee extension power and handgrip strength were similar in both groups. Regarding QOL, only the CR group showed improved SF-36 scores in the items of vitality and mental health. There was no difference in any subscale in the non-CR group. Neither lead dislodgement nor significant changes in PM parameters were observed in any patient. Early short-term CR following PM implantation was associated with improved psychological subscales and can be safely performed without increasing the risk of procedure-related complications.
The role of magnetic resonance imaging and the expression of MMP-9 protein in the analysis of carotid atherosclerotic plaques in patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy: a prospective pilot study
Authors: Sef Davorin , Milosevic Milan , Ostric Marin , Mestrovic Tomislav , Jernej Bojan , Kovacic Slavica , Kovacevic Miljenko , Skrtic Anita , Vidjak Vinko
Published: December 2021

Components of carotid atherosclerotic plaque can be analysed preoperatively by non-invasive advanced imaging modalities such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 protein (MMP-9), which has a potential role in remodelling of atherosclerotic plaques, can be analysed immunohistochemically. The aim of the present prospective pilot study is to analyse histological characteristics and expression of MMP-9 in carotid plaques of patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy (CEA) and to investigate the correlation with preoperative clinical symptoms and MRI features. Preoperative clinical assessment, MRI imaging, postoperative histological and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. Fifteen patients with symptomatic (7/15; 47%) and asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis undergoing CEA were included. Among symptomatic patients, 5 (71%) had recent stroke and 2 (29%) had recent transient ischaemic attack with a median timing of 6 weeks (IQR: 1, 18) before the surgery. Both groups did not significantly differ in respect to preoperative characteristics. Prevalence of unstable plaque was higher in symptomatic than asymptomatic patients, although it was not significant (63% vs. 37%, p = 0.077). The expression of MMP-9 in CD68 cells within the plaque by semiquantitative analysis was found to be significantly higher in symptomatic as compared to asymptomatic patients (86% vs. 25% with the highest expression, p = 0.014). The average microvascular density was found to be higher and lipid core area larger among both symptomatic patients and unstable carotid plaque specimens, although this did not reach statistical significance (p = 0.064 and p = 0.132, p = 0.360 and p = 0.569, respectively). Our results demonstrate that MRI is reliable in classifying carotid lesions and differentiating unstable from stable plaques. We have also shown that the expression of MMP-9 is significantly higher among symptomatic patients undergoing CEA. Trial Registration: This study has been registered at the ISRCTN registry (ID ISRCTN46536832), isrctn.org Identifier: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN46536832.
A modified technique for aortic prosthesis implantation after prosthetic valve endocarditis complicated by complex paraannular aortic abscess
Authors: Nasso Giuseppe , Di
						Bari Nicola , Moscarelli Marco , Fiore Flavio , Condello Ignazio , Santarpino Giuseppe , Speziale Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study is to describe a modified technique for aortic prosthesis implantation in the sinuses of Valsalva without the use of a patch for aortic annular reconstruction in patients with prosthetic valve endocarditis complicated by aortic abscess. From January 2008 to March 2021, 47 patients underwent aortic valve replacement due to prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis. The new aortic prosthesis was implanted into the sinuses of Valsalva above the abscess left open to drain. The first step consists in passing U-shaped stitches with pledgets through the aortic wall approximately 5–7 mm above the abscess involving the annulus. In the second step, the prosthesis is fixed to the aortic wall. In the third step, a 10 mm wide Teflon strip is positioned along the external course of the aortic wall and U-shaped stitches without pledgets are passed from the outside to the inside to definitively fix the prosthetic annulus to the sinuses of Valsalva. In-hospital mortality was 8.5% (4/47 patients). Mean follow-up was 62 ± 37.7 months. Four patients died (9.3%). Predicted probability of cardiac vs non-cardiac mortality was not statistically significant (p = 0.88). Overall survival probability (freedom from all-cause death) at 3, 7 and 9 years was 97%, 87.5% and 75%, respectively. No patients presented with grade 2 or 3 peri-prosthetic leak, nor had endocarditis. Prosthetic valve endocarditis complicated by complex paraannular aortic abscess can be successfully addressed with good long-term results by using our alternative technique.
Acute cardiovascular events triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic-related stress in non-infected individuals. The Jordan COVID-19 Acute Cardiovascular Events (JoCORE) study
Authors: Hammoudeh Ayman J. , Madanat Eyadeh , Tabbalat Ramzi , Ibdah Rasheed , Makhamreh Hanna , Fakhri Mahmoud , Khader Yousef , Mansour Obada , Alhaddad Imad A.
Published: December 2021

The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become an unprecedented global public health crisis and a pandemic associated with vicarious psychosocial and economic stresses. Such stresses were reported to lead to behavioral and emotional disturbances in individuals not infected with the COVID-19 virus. It is largely unknown if these stresses can trigger acute cardiovascular events (CVE) in such individuals. Covid-19-neagtive adults presenting with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), or out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Jordan from March 15, 2020 through March 14, 2021 were enrolled in the study if they reported exposure to psychosocial or economic stresses related to the pandemic lockdown. Of 300 patients enrolled (mean age 58.7 ± 12.9 years), AMI was diagnosed in 269 (89.7%) patients, CVA in 15 (5.0%) patients, and OHCA in 16 (5.3%) patients. Triggering events were psychosocial in 243 (81.0%) patients and economic stressors in 157 (52.3%) patients. The psychosocial stresses included loneliness, hopelessness, fear of COVID-19 infection, anger, and stress-related to death of a significant person. The economic stressors included financial hardships, job loss or insecurity, volatile or loss of income. Exposure to more than one trigger was reported in 213 (71.0%) patients. In-hospital mortality of the patients admitted for AMI or CVA was 2.1%, and none of the OHCA survived the event. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to be a source of significant psychosocial and economic hardships that can trigger life-threatening acute CVE among individuals not infected with the virus.
Relationship between non-culprit lesion plaque characteristics changes and in-stent neoatherosclerosis formation: 1-year follow-up optical coherence tomography study
Authors: Xing Lei , Zou Yongpeng , Fu Chao , Fan Xiaoying , Wang Xuedong , Liu Qi , Yang Mengyue , Liu Dandan , Feng Linxing , Hou Jingbo , Huang Xingtao
Published: December 2021

The relationship between the in-stent neoatherosclerosis (ISNA) formation and the plaque’s characteristic changes in the non-culprit lesion is unclear. We aim to investigate the plaque characteristics changes at non-culprit lesions between patients with ISNA and without ISNA formation at 1-year follow-up. We retrospectively enrolled patients who had DES implantation in de novo lesion and underwent immediately after stenting and 1-year follow-up optical coherence tomography (OCT) examination. OCT-defined ISNA was defined as the presence of lipid-laden neointima or calcification within the culprit stent with a longitudinal extension of ≥1 mm. Non-culprit lesions were divided into two groups: ISNA group (with ISNA) and non-ISNA group (without ISNA). Plaque characteristics of non-culprit lesions were evaluated at baseline and 1-year follow-up. In total, 89 patients with 89 non-culprit lesions (ISNA: n = 37; non-ISNA: n = 52) were included in the analyses. The lesions in the ISNA group show a smaller minimum lumen area compared to the non-ISNA group at 1-year follow-up (2.57 ± 1.08 mm2 versus 3.20 ± 1.62 mm2, p = 0.044). The lesions of the ISNA group show a significant decrease in minimum lumen area changes percent (–7.25% versus 6.46%, p = 0.039). And there are more lesions with minimum lumen area (64.9% versus 38.5%, p = 0.014) and minimum lumen diameter (64.9% versus 40.4%, p = 0.023) decrease in the ISNA group. Furthermore, the lesions in ISNA group have more plaques with lipid core length increase (25.0% versus 10.0%, p = 0.040), more plaques with FCT decrease (50.0% versus 74.0%, p = 0.027) and less TCFA change to non-TCFA (33.3% versus 87.5%, p = 0.010). The plaque characteristic changes in non-culprit lesions are closely related to ISNA formation. The ISNA formation may accompany by a tardier plaque stabilization process in non-culprit lesions.
Evaluation of pulse wave velocity for predicting major adverse cardiovascular events in post-infarcted patients; comparison of oscillometric and MRI methods
Authors: Meiszterics Zsofia , Simor Tamas , van
						der
						Geest Rob J. , Farkas Nelli , Gaszner Balazs
Published: December 2021

Increased aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) has been proved as a strong predictor of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients after myocardial infarction (MI). Due to the various technical approaches the level of high PWV values show significant differences. We evaluated the cut-off PWV values for MACE prediction using cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and oscillometric methods for validating the prognostic value of high PWV in post-infarcted patients. Phase contrast imaging (PCI) and oscillometric based Arteriograph (AG) were compared in this 6 years follow-up study, including 75 consecutive patients of whom 49 suffered previous ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Patients received follow-up for MACE comprising all-cause death, non-fatal MI, ischemic stroke, hospitalization for heart failure and coronary revascularization. An acceptable agreement and significant correlation (rho: 0.332, p < 0.01) was found between AG and CMR derived PWV values. The absolute values, however, were significantly higher for AG (median (IQR): 10.4 (9.2–11.9) vs 6.44 (5.64–7.5) m/s; p < 0.001). Totally 51 MACE events occurred during the 6 years follow-up period in post-infarcted patients. Kaplan-Meier analysis in both methods showed significantly lower event-free survival in case of high PWV (CMR: >6.47 m/s, AG: >9.625 m/s, p < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate Cox regression revealed PWV as a predictor of MACE (PWV CMR hazard ratio (HR): 1.31 (CI: 1.1–1.7), PWV AG HR: 1.24 (CI: 1.0–1.5), p < 0.05, respectively). Increased PWV derived by AG and CMR methods are feasible for MACE prediction in post-infarcted patients. However, adjusted cut-off values of PWV are recommended for different techniques to improve individual risk stratification.
The Influence Of Corporate Governance, Capital Structure, and Company Size on The Company's Financial Performance
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Abdul Izzatur , Subagio Subagio
Published: December 2021

This study aims to examine the effect of the implementation of corporate governance, capital structure, and firm size on the financial performance of banking companies. The implementation of good corporate governance is an obligation that must be carried out by companies which already have guidelines from the Financial Services Authority and other institutions. In fact, not all companies have applied good governance even though it can improve the performance of the company so it becomes interesting to study the impact of good governance implementation in Indonesia. This study uses panel data regression analysis with research samples from banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2017 to 2019. The results of the study as overall show that corporate governance, capital structure and firm size have a positive effect on the company's financial performance. Managerial ownership as corporate governance proxy has a significant positive impact on financial performance partially.
Keywords: bank, capital structure, corporate governance, company size
Studi Kasus Pengaruh Dana Desa Terhadap Peningkatan Aset Desa Waru Jaya Menggunakan Sustainable Livelihood Impact Assessment Method
Authors: Pratama Raditya Hendra
Published: December 2021

After the village fund program runs, it is necessary to review the impact of the Village Fund's performance to determine the achievement of the program with parameters for changes to assets/capital using the SLIA (Sustainable Livelihood Impact Assessment) method, to measure changes in village assets before and after the program. Data on changes in village assets is important to set further policy on the program
PECULIARITIES OF THE COURSE OF COPD IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT A46G (RS1042713) ALLELES OF ADRB2 GENE
Authors: Dmytriiev K. D. , Mostovoy Y. M. , Slepchenko N. S. , Sinchuk N. I.
Published: December 2021

PECULIARITIES OF THE COURSE OF COPD IN PATIENTS WITH DIFFERENT A46G (RS1042713) ALLELES OF ADRB2 GENE K. D. Dmytriiev, Y. M. Mostovoy, N. S. Slepchenko, N. I. Sinchuk Abstract A significant number of genetic factors, modulating inflammation, fibrosis and bronchial responsiveness, plays an important role in development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Particularly, polymorphism of ADRB2 gene is associated with the development and severity of COPD, as well as with a response to beta-2 agonists. Aim — to study the prevalence of ADRB2 gene polymorphism among COPD patients and to reveal its possible relationship with the development of COPD and its clinical course. Materials and methods. 100 patients with the diagnosis of COPD were included into the study. An mean age was 64.09 ± 1.94 years. There were 66 men (66 %) and 34 women (34 %). There were 68 smokers (68 %), an average smoking experience was 24,44 ± 4,84 pack-years. Mean COPD duration was — 9.35 ± 2.42 years. We collected data about the amount of exacerbations, use of antibiotics, glucocorticoids, methylxanthines, data of mMRC and CAT questionnaires in all patients. Questionnaire data were collected during three visits — visit of inclusion, visit 2 (5±1 weeks), visit 3 (1 year). Data about exacerbation and drugs use were collected for the year prior to the study and the year of participation. Results. Regarding the presence of ADRB2 gene polymorphism all patients were allocated to 3 groups: group 1 — 23 (23 %) A46A allele carriers; group 2 - 39 (39 %) A46G allele cariers and group 3 — 38 (38 %) G46G allele carriers. Duration of COPD was greater in group 3 compared to the group 1 (7,08±1,59 vs 10,5±0,98) (p < 0,05). Group 2 and group 3 had greater proportion of patients with COPD GOLD D (46,15±8,32 % and 44,73±8,28 % correspondingly), when compared to group 1 (17,39±8,38 %) (p < 0,05). Group 1 had less exacerbations (2,13 ± 0,22) when compared to group 2 (2,97 ± 0,28), and group 3 (2,86 ± 0,25) (p < 0,05). Duration of treatment with antibiotics was significantly shorter in A46A allele carriers (8,61 ± 1,60 days), when compared to two other groups (in group 2 - 13,64 ± 1,25 days, in group 3 - 13,00 ± 1,28 days) (p < 0,05). Duration of treatment with GCS in group 1 (2,95 ± 0,85 days), A46A allele carriers, was shorter when compared to group 2 (5,28 ± 0,94 days), A46G allele carriers (p < 0,05). Conclusions. Occurrence of polymorphic (A46G) and mutant (G46G) alleles of ADRB2 gene was associated with more severe course of COPD, greater amount of exacerbations and hospital admissions, greater need in antibiotics and GCS, indicating an important role of this gene in regulation of the airways responsiveness and response to treatment. Key words: COPD, ADRB2 gene polymorphism.
Efektivitas blended learning model untuk mahasiswa algoritma dan tingkat memahami di pemrograman program the learning teknologi data
Authors: pertiwi Putri dian
Published: December 2021

Gambaran umum penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi perbandingan motivasi dan tingkat pemahaman.
Makalah Analisis Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Octavianita
Published: December 2021

Penilaian kinerja keuangan didasarkan pada peningkatan penjualan. Hal tersebut dapat direfleksikan dalam suatu laporan, laporan yang menggambarkan perkembangan kinerja keuangan perusahaan pada periode tertentu. Laporan tersebut biasa disebut laporan keuangan. Agar laporan keuangan dapat berarti bagi pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan maka perlu mengadakan analisa hubungan dari pos-pos dalam laporan keuangan yang sering disebut analisis laporan keuangan. Penilaian tingkat keuangan suatu perusahaan dapat dilakukan dengan menganalisis laporan keuangan perusahaan. Untuk mengetahui apakah keadaan keuangan perusahaan dalam kondisi yang baik dapat dilakukan berbagai analisa, salah satunya adalah analisis rasio. Dalam mengukur tingkat keberhasilan suatu usaha hanya secara sederhana yaitu mengacu kepada laporan keuangan yang telah disajikan pada setiap periodenya dan yang seharusnya setelah dilakukan analisis laporan keuangan menggunakan rasio keuangan diketahui tingkat kinerja yang baik dihasilkan dari likuiditas, solvabilitas dan profitabilitas, sedangkan tingkat kinerja yang kurang baik dihasilkan dari aktivitas dan pertumbuhan. Kata Kunci : Laporan Keuangan, Perusahaan
Mekanisme Pasar Islam
Authors: Alimin Fahira , GEBHY  , Lisna  , KURNIAWAN IKRAN
Published: December 2021

Pasar merupakan tempat dimana antara penjual serta pembeli berjumpa serta melaksanakan transaksi jual beli barang ataupun jasa. Pentingnya pasar dalam islam tidak terlepas dari fungsi pasar sebagai wadah untuk berlangsungnya aktivitas jual beli, ada pula ketentuan, norma yang terpaut dengan permasalahan pasar. Dengan fungsi di atas pasar jadi rentan dengan beberapa kecurangan serta pula perbuatan ketidakadilan yang mendzalimi pihak lain, hingga pasar tidak terlepas dengan beberapa ketentuan syariat yang terpaut dengan pembentukan harga serta terbentuknya transaksi di pasar. Dalam sebutan lain bisa diucap selaku mekanisme pasar bagi islam.Dalam catatan sejarah memaparkan bagaimana Rasulullah SAW menghargai mekanisme pasar sebagai sebuah sunatullah yang harus dihormati. Pandangan tentang pasar akan dijabarkan dari beberapa pemikir besar muslim seperti Abu Yusuf, Al-Ghazali, Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Taimiyah. Pemikiran mereka tentang pasar ternyata merupakan kekayaan khasanah intelektual yang sangat berguna pada masa kini dan masa depan
Masalah dan Optimasi Rapid Sand Filter
Authors: Cahyana Gede H
Published: December 2021

Rapid Sand Filter is the most popular unit operation in water treatment plant although it has some problems in its operation and maintenance. But this filter is used widely in Indonesia by PDAM, a water company, because of its capability to treat big capacity of water. The crucial problem is backwashing, about the upflow velocity in theoretical and practical aspects.
Makalah Laporan Keuangan
Authors: Jannah Miftahul
Published: December 2021

Laporan keuangan merupakan ringkasan suatu proses pencatatan transaksi-transaksi keuangan yang terjadi selama tahun buku yang bersangkutan. Laporan keuangan harus disusun berdasarkan prinsip akuntansi yang lazim agar para pembaca laporan keuangan memperoleh gambaran yang jelas.Laporan keuangan yang biasa disusun manajemen biasanya terdiri dari neraca,laporan rugi laba, laporan perubahan modal, laporan arus kas dan catatan ataslaporan keuangan. Semuanya tersebut memiliki fungsi dan tujuannya masing-masing. Untuk itu, kita harus bisa membuat laporan keuangan yang sesuai dengan standar yang telah ditetapkan agar mudah dipahami oleh para pihak yang membutuhkan laporan keuangan tersebut. Penyusunan laporan keuangan memiliki peranan yang sangat penting dalam suatu perusahaan. Sebab laporan keuangan merupakan dasar dalam menentukan atau menilai posisi keuangan perusahaan. Darmawan (2012:1) mengemukakan bahwa laporan keuangan tersebut bertujuan sebagai laporan yang ditujukan kepada berbagai pengguna laporan keuangan yang memiliki kebutuhan informasi tentang keuangan secara umum yang tidak memiliki hak untuk meminta laporan keuangan tersebut dan disesuaikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan informasi tertentu. Nantinya informasi tersebut digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pertimbangan dan pengambilan keputusan baik untuk pihak internal perusahaan maupun pihak eksternal perusahaan.
Laporan SKB Queen Tela-Tela
Authors: Jannah Miftahul
Published: December 2021

Tela tela merupakan salah satu camilan dari singkong yang menyuguhkan rasa renyah, kering dan sangat lezat. Tela-tela singkong menjadi salah satu camilan yang keberadaaannya telah ada sejak dulu. Camilan singkong ini cukup popular bagi masyarakat Indonesia yang banyak menggemarinya, harganya yang terjangkau membuat tela-tela singkong mudah dinikmati oleh siapapun. Tela-tela singkong disukai mulai dari anak-anak hingga orang dewasa. Bahan singokongdalam pembuatan tela-tela memang menjadi bahan pangan yang mampumenyuguhkan rasa yang lezat. Tela-tela singkong menjadi salah satu varian makanan singkong yang disukai banyak orang. Makanan berbahan singkong ini mudah didapatkan, banyak warung juga penajaja tela-tela singkong yang beterbaran di masyarakat. Mulai dari harga 5 ribu, anda sudah dapat menikmati seporsi tela-tela singkong yang membuat rasanya semakin nikmat.Selain itu kami menyediakan berbagai varian rasa seperti rasa ayam, rasa keju dan rasa balado.
XAISec - Explainable AI Security: An Early Discussion Paper on New Multidisciplinary Subfield In Pursuit of Building Trust in Security of AI systems
Authors: Parmar Manojkumar
Published: December 2021

Today's Artificial Intelligence systems are at the epicenter of security threats across industries. Attackers are trying to turn AI systems against the organization and society, intending to cause harm at various levels. Security, along with the explainability of AI, is a cornerstone for Digital Trust and Trustworthy AI. AI-based systems provide new attack surfaces, and adversaries can utilize attack surfaces to construct attacks to exploit vulnerabilities. Mission-critical systems using AI need to address the crucial problem of AI Security(AISec) and Explainable AI (XAI). In the early version of the discussion paper, we propose the new sub-field of Explainable AI Security (XAISec) at the intersection of AISec, XAI, and Explainable Security (XSec) for Mission-critical systems. We propose that XAISec should aim to explain AI Security's workings (justification of attack and transparency about defense) at an appropriate level considering multiple aspects. XAISec is a niche multidisciplinary greenfield with an ascertained need and validated using informal interview settings. We invite constructive criticism, collaboration, and contribution to jump-start the sub-field. We believe that with XAISec as an integral part of AI, AI can impact millions of lives across the globe, enabling smarter, sustainable, and evolutionary transformations.
MENYUSUN LAPORAN KEUANGAN DALAM STUDI KEWIRAUSAHAAN
Authors: Sugiatni Evi
Published: December 2021

Negara Indonesia adalah suatu negara berkembang yang tidak dapat terpisahkan oleh kegiatan yang berkaitandengan usaha baik usaha itu usaha yang kecil atau usaha menengah ( UMKM). Tentu setiap perusahaan yang memiliki bisnis perluh untuk memiliki neraca keuangan ats peusahaannya bahkan perluh untuk menganalisis kinerja keuangan yang dimiliki. Tingginya potensi yang dimiliki oleh UMKM dalam hal pengembangan ekonomi sehingga hal itu tidak lagi seimbang dengan kualitas yang dimiliki UMKM. Dalam UMKM standar laporan keuangannya pada usaha mikro bertujuan untuk menyediakan sebuah informasi yang berkaitan dengan posisi keuangan, kinerja, dan perubahan posisi keuangan. Laporan keuangan yang bersifat andal serta yang efektif sebenarnya sangat penting bagi usaha yang bergerak di UKM karena akses yang mereka miliki terbatas, akses terbatasa itu adalah akses untuk mengelolah sumber daya keuangan. Karena keputusan yang buruk justru akan sangat berpengaruh buruk terhadap usaha kita, pengaruh yang disebabkan sangat cepat dapat menyebabkan terjadinya likuiditas.
PENGORGANISASIAN PESAN-PESAN BISNIS
Authors: T Andi Marhuni , Rifaldi Muh
Published: December 2021

Dalam suatu organisasi, pesan-pesan yang disampaikan oleh pemimpin kepada para bawahan, terkadang tidak terorganisasi dengan baik. Hal ini menyebabkan pesan-pesan yang disampaikan tidak mengenai sasaran atau hasilnya tidak sesuai dengan apayang dikehendaki.Dengan mengatur ide-ide secara logis, berurutan, dan tidak bertele-tele, ide yang disampaikan akan dapat memuaskan kebutuhan-kebutuhan informasi, motivasi, maupun praktis bagi audiens. Mengorganisasi pesan-pesan secara baik adalah suatu keharusan dan menjadi tantangan bagi komunikator.Hal yang perlu diperhatikan dalam mengorganisasi pesan-pesan yang baik sebagai berikut :1. Subjek dan tujuan harus jelas.2. Semua informasi harus berhubungan dengan subjek dan tujuan.3. Ide-ide harus dikelompokkan dan disajikan dengan cara yang logis.4. Semua informasi yang penting harus sudah tercakup.
ANALISIS LAPORAN KEUANGAN
Authors: khasanah uswatun
Published: December 2021

Perusahaan secara periodik selalu mengeluarkan laporan keuangan yang dibuat oleh bagian akunting dan diberikan kepada pihak-pihak yang berkepentingan, misalnya pemerintah, kreditor, pemilik perusahaan dan pihak manajemen sendiri. Selanjutnya, pihak-pihak tersebut akan melakukan pengolahan data dengan melakukan perhitungan lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui apakah perusahaan telah mencapai standar kinerja yang dipersyaratkan atau belum. Laporan keuangan terdiri dari neraca, laporan rugi-laba, laporan perubahan modal dan laporan arus kas. Tetapi, sesuai dengan pernyataan standar akuntansi keuangan No. 1 (revisi 2009) tentang penyajian laporan keuangan terdiri dari beberapa komponen, yaitu: (a) laporan posisi keuangan pada akhir periode; (b) laporan laba rugi komprehensif selama periode; (c) laporan perubahan ekuitas selama periode; (d) laporan arus kas selama periode; (e) catatan atas laporan keuangan. Laporan keuangan merupakan salah satu informasi yang sangat penting dalam menilai perkembangan perusahaan, dapat juga digunakan untuk menilai prestasi yang dicapai perusahaan pada saat lampau, sekarang dan rencana pada waktu yang akan datang. Laporan keuangan umumnya disajikan untuk memberi informasi mengenai posisi-posisi keuangan, kinerja dan arus kas suatu perusahaan dalam periode tertentu. Informasi tersebut diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi sebagian besar kalangan pengguna laporan keuangan dalam rangka membuat keputusan-keputusan. Penilaian tingkat keuangan suatu perusahaan dapat dilakukan dengan menganalisis laporan keuangan perusahaan. Untuk mengetahui apakah laporan keuangan perusahaan dalam kondisi yang baik dapat dilakukan berbagai analisa, salah satunya adalah analisis rasio. Analisis rasio keuangan membutuhkan laporan keuangan selama sedikitnya 2 (dua) tahun terakhir dari berjalannya perusahaan. Analisis rasio keuangan, membantu mengetahui tingkat kinerja keuangan perusahaan apakah baik atau sebaliknya. Analisis rasio dapat diklasifikasikan dalam berbagai jenis, beberapa di antaranya yaitu rasio likuiditas, solvabilitas, aktivitas dan profitabilitas. Tingkat likuiditas adalah menunjukan sejauh mana kemampuan perusahaan dalam memenuhi kewajiban jangka pendeknya dengan jaminan harta lancar yang dimilikinya. Sedangkan tingkat solvabilitas, menunjukkan sejauh mana kemampuan perusahaan dapat memenuhi semua kewajibannya dengan jaminan harta yang dimilikinya. Tingkat aktivitas, mengukur efektivitas suatu perusahaan dalam menggunakan aktiva yang dimilikinya. Tingkat profitabilitas, menunjukkan sejauh mana kemampuan perusahaan dalam menghasilkan laba dengan modal yang dimilikinya. Apakah perusahaan- perusahaan yang kelihatan besar sudah bisa menyatakan keefektifan kinerja perusahaan tersebut. Dengan mengetahui tingkat likuiditas, solvabilitas, aktivitas dan profitabilitas suatu perusahaan, akan dapat diketahui keadaan perusahaan yang sesungguhnya sehingga dapat diukur tingkat kinerja keuangan dalam perusahaan.
Consistent Individual Tendencies in Motor Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off
Authors: Pacheco Matheus , Lafe Charley W. , Chen Che-Hsiu , Hsieh Tsung-Yu
Published: December 2021

The literature of Speed-Accuracy Trade-Off (SAT) in motor control has evidenced individuality in the preference to trade different aspects (mean, variance) of spatial and temporal errors. Nonetheless, to the best of our knowledge, how robust this preference is has not been properly tested. Thirty participants performed nine conditions with different time and spatial criteria over two days (scanning). In-between these scanning conditions, individuals performed a practice condition that required modifications of the individuals’ preferences in SAT. Through Bayesian analyses, we found that, despite individuals demonstrating changes during practice, decreasing movement time, they did not modify how they performed the scanning conditions. This is evidence for a robust SAT individual tendency. We discuss how such individuality could modify how individuals perform within/between SAT criteria, and what this means for interpretation of results.
The Case for Postmortem Survival from the Winners of the Bigelow Institute for Consciousness Studies Essay Contest: A Level of Evidence Analysis
Authors: Tressoldi Patrizio , Rock Adam , Pederzoli Luciano , Houran James
Published: December 2021

We assessed the 29 winning essays of the Bigelow Institute of Consciousness Studies (BICS) contest using an evidence hierarchy approach adopted in many scientific fields. Two independent judges rated the target essays for their quality of scientific evidence, reproducibility, and replicability using an evidence hierarchy adapted from several published models that accommodate both qualitative and quantitative evidence. According to our criteria, six essays (20.7%) were categorized as the highest level of scientific evidence, four essays (13.8%) were categorized at a medium level of scientific evidence, whereas the remaining 19 essays (65.5%) were considered a low level of scientific evidence. The overall agreement of the essay rankings between the present authors’ classifications of evidence quality and the rating system used by the BICS judges was only 44.8%, with a non-significant Spearman’s rho correlation of .03. This result indicates extremely little concordance (overlap) of the two evaluation systems, which corroborates prior research on the critical shortcomings of evidence hierarchies. The essays representing the highest level of scientific evidence per our criteria involved near-death experiences and mental mediumship. For other anomalies that ostensibly support the survival hypothesis (e.g., physical mediumship or electronic voice phenomena), more studies with refined experimental designs are needed to improve their quality of evidence as defined in current scientific terms. Important considerations and future research directions are likewise discussed.
Personal Credit and Financial Vulnerability
Authors: Gill Adam , Turton Jacob , Harrald Paul , Demuth Eleanor
Published: December 2021

Rather than a narrow focus on risk of default, this paper advocates for lenders to take a broader data-led approach to tackling the challenges posed by financial vulnerability due to its latent and transient nature. Earlier identification and intervention when customers are experiencing financial hardship may help prevent default. Firstly, we consider how macro and micro data sources, in combination with emerging theoretical frameworks that conceptualise financial vulnerability, could be used by lenders for earlier identification of vulnerable customers. Secondly, we look at tailored interventions that could help financially vulnerable consumers once they have been identified, with passive and active methods inspired by protective efforts currently underway within the gambling industry. Lastly, when consumers do enter the arrears process, we highlight how lenders have a responsibility to help mitigate cognitive biases and promote behaviours that will help consumers escape perpetual debt.
Willingness to Take the Booster Vaccine in a Nationally Representative Sample of Danes
Authors: Jørgensen Frederik Juhl , Nielsen Louise Halberg , Petersen Michael Bang
Published: December 2021

We estimate the willingness to taking the booster dose in a representative sample of Danes. We estimate an overall willingness in the adult Danish population of 85.5 percent and a willingness of 94.7 percent among primary vaccine takers. We, moreover, show that these percentages will be significantly lower among younger populations as well as among groups who do not see COVID-19 as a threat towards society and who do not perceive the advice of the health authorities as effective against disease spread.
Mapping Reproductive Health Policy Using Arts-Based Research Methods: A Model of Pedagogical Transgression
Authors: Mejia Angie , Balangoy Danniella
Published: December 2021

This chapter presents a model and a qualitative analysis of an applied health humanities assignment that used arts-based methods to introduce health science undergraduates to the intersectional barriers connected to reproductive health policy in the U.S.
In memoriam of Denis Alexandrovich Gavrilov, a friend and a colleague
Authors: Nechaeva T. V. , Naumova N. B. , Sokolov D. A. , Stepanova V. A. , Koronatova N. G. , Loiko S. V. , Yakimenko V. N.
Published: December 2021

The article describes research and teaching activity of Denis Alexandrovich Gavrilov, Candidate of Biological Sciences, senior researcher with Soil Genesis Laboratory of the Institute of Soil Science and Agrochemistry of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, who died suddenly died young on August 26, 2021. He was also and enthusiastic and a hardworking publishing editor of the research journal Soils and Environment. The article briefly reviews of D.A. Gavrilov’s major publications presenting the results of his soil and combined soil and archeology studies, which he conducted both individually or in collaboration with other scientists from research and education institutions in Russia and Kazakhstan.
A Comparison of Antibacterial Potential of Different Soil Actinomycetes from Pokhara
Authors: Gurung Krishna , Rai Mamita Khaling
Published: December 2021

Actinomycetes are widely distributed in the environment and used for the production of several important secondary metabolites like antibiotics, immunosuppressive agents, enzymes and antitumor agents. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to isolate and assess antibacterial potential of different actinomycetes obtained from different soil samples. This study was conducted in the microbiology laboratories of Prithvi Narayan Campus and Lambda Food Lab Pvt Ltd, Pokhara. A total of nine soil samples were collected from different places of Pokhara (forest land, agriculture land and lake bank) and processed. Isolated actinomycetes were screened by primary and secondary screening for antibiotic producers against test organisms like Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853) and Bacillus spp, E coli (ATCC 25922). This study isolated 27 actinomycetes in total, using the soil samples through spread plating on Starch Casein Agar (SCA) and by serial dilution. After incubation, actinomycetes colonies (rough, chalky) were selected for gram staining to observe thin thread-like mycelial and hyphal structures. The highest number of actinomycetes isolates were obtained from agricultural land’s soil samples (14 out of 27 isolates i.e. 51.85%) whereas only 3 isolates were obtained from the lake soil. Primary screening was performed on Nutrient agar where test bacteria were streaked perpendicular to the isolated actinomycetes to observe antagonism. This showed 12 actinomycetes as active isolates inhibiting at least one test bacteria. The antibacterial compounds were extracted by ethyl acetate method and used in secondary screening. Secondary screening in Mueller Hinton agar (MHA) further revealed five isolates showed promising inhibitory capacity. In both screening methods higher sensitivity was observed towards Gram-positive bacteria especially S aureus (ATCC 25923), and the least sensitivity towards Gram-negative bacteria especially Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Agricultural land was shown to harbor more actinomycetes than forest land and lake bank soil. Though variations were observed in primary and secondary screening, actinomycetes obtained from agricultural land demonstrated an inhibitory action against the Gram-positive and Gram-negative test organisms. As compared to Gram-negative bacteria, the Gram-positive had higher effects. These findings showed that soil of different locations of Pokhara valley found many actinomycetes strains, preventing the growth of pathogenic bacteria of certain kinds. The study suggested that further investigations need to be done that helped obtain new antimicrobial agents from actinomycetes, using various other sources.
Corporate Efficiency in the Nepali Hotel Industry
Authors: Jaishi Bhupal
Published: December 2021

Financial sources and corporate investment are the key components for business operation and corporate activities focus on to increase efficiency. The study has attempted to analyze the impact of leverage and firm-specific variables on efficiency of Nepali hotel industry. In this study, efficiency is the dependent variables whereas the independent variables are leverage, size, tangibility and growth. The descriptive and causal comparative research design has been used to examine and analyze the impact on efficiency. The data were collected from annual reports of respective hotels. The study was based on 18 observations and the sample comprises of three hotels, which were purposively selected. Descriptive statistics, correlation and regression analysis have been employed to assess the relationship among the variables. The result showed that the hotels having high leverage have higher efficiency. This study concluded that size, leverage, growth and tangibility are the major factors to determine and increase the corporate efficiency. The findings of the study suggested that there are practical implications to take financing, investment and operating decisions of service sectors like hotels of Nepal. The study has also aimed to support the increase in corporate efficiency.
University Teachers’ Motivation and Challenges: A Gender Perspective on Professional Development
Authors: Pageni Sakuntala
Published: December 2021

This article has attempted to explore motivation for female teachers in the classroom and to find out the affecting factors in the process of becoming a successful teacher in the university. This study is theoretically based on motivation theory and critical theory. The female teachers' professional challenges have persisted for many years. In this study, motivation for the female teachers and their challenges that focus on the participation of all strata of gender, race, ethnicity and other aspects are two sides of teachers’ professional identity. Therefore, motivation for female teachers in higher education is an urgent need for improving teaching and learning environment and for job security. This article includes a narrative inquiry based on an in-depth interview that includes three female teachers of the university. The thematic content analysis of this study is based on primary sources of data and theoretical observations. This study concludes that the female participation in higher education in Nepal is satisfactory, but they have not been able to improve their situation though they are capable of encouraging motivation for students to learn and face challenges in higher education.