bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor Dominan yang Mempengaruhi Usia Menopause terhadap Wanita di Desa Ateuk Jawo Kecamatan Baiturrahman Kota Banda Aceh
Authors: Cut Meutia  , Martina Martina , Novita Nia Hairu
Published: January 2025

Menopause merupakan fase alamiah yang akan dialami oleh setiap wanita. Menjadi tua seringkali menjadi momok yang menakutkan. Prevalensi menopause pada 100 perempuan  usia 40-65 tahun di Banda Aceh adalah 43% dengan rata-rata usia menopause 47,3 tahun. Gambaran keluhan klimakterik yang diperoleh adalah 64% perempuan mengalami gejala somatik 77% perempuan mengalami gejala psikologis dan 66% perempuan mengalami gejala urogenital. Berdasarkan data dari Desa Ateuk Jawo Banda Aceh periode Januari - Mei 2024 terdapat 322 ibu menopause. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi usia menopause terhadap wanita Di Desa Ateuk Jawo Kecamatan Baiturrahman Kota Banda Aceh. Jenis penelitian ini adalah analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh ibu menopause yang ada di Desa Ateuk Jawo Kecamatan Baiturrahman Kota Banda Aceh berjumlah 322 orang. Teknik pengambilan sampel secara purposive sampling berjumlah 76 sampel. Data dianalisa secara univariat dan bivariat dan diolah dengan menggunakan uji statistik Chi-Square Tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh usia menarche (p value = 0,009) usia terakhir melahirkan (p value = 0,029), paritas (p value = 0,022)  dan riwayat KB (p value = 0,019) terhadap usia menopause pada wanita Di Desa Ateuk Jawo Kecamatan Baiturrahman Kota Banda Aceh. Kesimpulan terdapat pengaruh usia menarche, usia terakhir melahirkan, paritas, riwayat KB terhadap usia menopause pada wanita Di Desa Ateuk Jawo Kecamatan Baiturrahman Kota Banda Aceh. Diharapkan kepada tenaga kesehatan agar dapat memberikan masukan dan informasi bagi puskesmas dalam memberikan edukasi kesehatan kepada masyarakat mengenai menopause.
Maternal and Neonatal Mortality in Saudi Arabia: A Depth Review Study, Progress, Challenges and Strategic Interventions
Authors: Hanihaa Gazai Alharbi  , Mohammed Jamil Nasser Alsaydalani  , Fahad Awad Al-Matrafi  , Faisal Awaied Alsadi  , Enas Mohammed Ahmed  , Mona Hammad Almutairi  , Nawal Zafir Mushabab Alasmari  , Amal Saud Jazi Aljuhani  , Abdullah Atga Mohammad Aljohani  , Khalid Ghali Alharbi  , Munira Dhiab Al-Juhani  , Adil Eid Salman Alrashedi  , Fahad Saeed Al-Awfi  , Taleb Atqa Mohammed Aljohani  , Rayhanah Sulaiman Aljohani
Published: January 2025

Saudi Arabia has had remarkable progress in reducing maternal and neonatal mortality over the past decades. While various challenges persist, such as unequal access to healthcare, a history of pre-existing maternal conditions, and neonatal complications, this review will focus on critical determinants of maternal and neonatal outcomes in Saudi Arabia, including government-driven efforts through Vision 2030 towards enhancing health care infrastructure and policies. The focus has been on antenatal care, neonatal intensive care units, and maternal mortality audit issues, enhancing outcomes. Recommendations are the adoption of standardized risk assessment tools and health disparities abatement between the Saudi population and non-Saudi populations. Future strategies encompass holistic approaches: education, infrastructure improvements, and policy frameworks, aiming to achieve international standards.
Transformation of Islamic Finance in the Digital Era: Developments and Challenges of Halal Fintech
Authors: Nuri Rindang
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study aims to examine the development of the halal fintech industry, the regulatory challenges faced, and how public perceptions of digital Islamic finance affect the adoption of these services. Research Design & Methods: This research uses a descriptive qualitative method with thematic analysis to deeply understand the phenomenon of halal fintech industry development and challenges, using secondary data from industry reports, statistical data, and relevant academic studies, to identify key themes covering regulation and consumer trust Findings: The results show that consumer trust in Islamic fintech is strongly influenced by perceived usefulness and social influence. In Indonesia, consumers are more likely to adopt Islamic fintech services because they find the technology useful and are supported by their community. In Malaysia, government support and a strong regulatory framework increase consumer trust. However, the main challenges are still related to regulation, especially sharia compliance standards and regulatory limitations that hinder innovation in some countries. Implications & Recommendations: The study recommends strengthening the regulatory framework to ensure better Shariah compliance. The government and regulatory bodies should collaborate with industry stakeholders to create an ecosystem that supports fintech innovation. Contribution & Value Added: This research contributes to the literature by providing a detailed examination of how emerging technologies can solve traditional challenges in Islamic finance, particularly regarding transparency, efficiency and consumer trust. It also offers practical recommendations to address regulatory challenges, thereby supporting the sustainable growth of halal fintech globally.
The Impact of Sustainable Sourcing on Halal Certification: A Literature Review on Ethical and Environmental Concerns
Authors: Putri Wulandari Sungkowo
Published: January 2025

Objective: This research analyzes the relationship between halal certification, sustainability, and global ethics in building a resilient and transparent halal supply chain. The focus includes the role of blockchain technology and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) integration to improve traceability, consumer trust, and compliance with sharia and sustainability standards. Research Design & Methods: This research uses a systematic literature review to analyze studies related to halal certification, sustainability, and technology in the halal supply chain. Data were obtained from databases such as Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Qualitative analysis was conducted to identify key patterns and practices in sustainable halal supply chain management. Findings: The results show that the integration of blockchain with ESG principles strengthens transparency and traceability at every stage of the halal supply chain, which is crucial in maintaining consumer confidence and compliance with halal standards. Top management commitment and dedicated halal infrastructure also play an important role in ensuring product quality and integrity. In addition, it was found that mandatory halal certification for MSMEs in Indonesia can strengthen the spiritual rights of Muslim consumers, although its impact on improving MSME performance has not been significant without the support of more effective management strategies. Implications & Recommendations: The findings of this study indicate the need for additional strategies, such as subsidizing halal certification, training, and policy support, to strengthen the performance and competitiveness of MSMEs in the international market. In addition, the halal industry is advised to widely adopt blockchain technology and ESG principles as solutions to enhance trust and social responsibility. Contribution & Value Added: This research contributes by offering a framework that integrates blockchain, ESG, and halal certification to build a sustainable halal supply chain. The added value is that it provides insights into the importance of sustainability integration and transparency in the halal industry, strengthens the position of MSMEs in the global market, and supports sustainable development goals.
Differences between ex-situ and in situ germination and seedling establishment in the case of the marsh gladiolus (Gladiolus palustris)
Authors: Lábadi Vivien , Pacsai Bálint , Bódis Judit
Published: January 2025

The marsh gladiolus (Gladiolus palustris Gaud.) is a species of community interest in the European Union, and it’s strictly protected by law in Hungary. Survival of its populations is threatened by a number of factors, so thorough knowledge on the biology of the species is required for its conservation and long-time survival. To interpret the data collected in local populations, it is essential to examine the dynamics between age-stage categories and study germination rates of seeds in the populations. For this purpose, ex-situ and in-situ germination biology studies were set up to monitor the development of individuals starting from germination and establish a suitable age-stage categorization system for demographic purposes. During the autumn of 2023, seeds were sown in an open forest and in a meadow (in-situ), and seeds from these sites were sown in containers (ex-situ) at the same time. Germination rates were considerably higher in the ex-situ sowing than in the in-situ experiment for seeds of both origins. Moreover, there were significant differences between the average height (leaf length) of the seedlings. Under in-situ conditions average height was significantly larger in the open forest than in the meadows. There were significant differences between average height of seedlings in the in-situ and ex-situ experiments only during the first measurement, which differences became less pronounced later on.
Emotional intelligence and its association with stress coping strategies among secondary school students in Multan district
Authors: Raza Dr. Shahid , Kulsoom Dr. Sumera , Ullah Dr. Shamim
Published: January 2025

This study explored the link between emotional intelligence and strategies for coping with stress in 365 high school students in the Multan district of Pakistan. The framework for the study was based on the theory of emotional intelligence. The results on the emotional intelligence of the students were heartening, as it appeared that on the whole, the students were quite emotionally intelligent. But even more impressive was that the students, again on the whole, worked quite effectively with Problem-Solving Coping and Emotion-Focused Coping Strategies, which are types of coping that research has shown to be quite adaptive. And so what we found is that, indeed, there is a significant relationship, which is a positive relationship, with emotional intelligence and adaptive coping strategies.
TRÊS ANOS DE AVANÇOS NA DEFESA DA MULHER NA POLÍTICA
Authors: SIMÕES CLAUDIA
Published: January 2025

No Brasil há um número diminuto de mulheres na política e dentre os fatores culturais, financeiros e machistas há o fato do ambiente violento para a mulher na política. Neste contexto, foi sancionada a Lei nº 14.192/21, que trata do combate à violência política de gênero. A divulgação da lei é necessária para a conscientização das mulheres na política para que possam se encorajar e superar o medo de apresentar a denúncia das agressões que sofrem nas campanhas eleitorais e exercício de direito e de suas funções públicas. Em apenas três anos e uma eleição, a lei já alcançou números inéditos de denúncias e de condenações privativas de liberdade dos agressores. A Lei n.º 14.192 representa um avanço importante na busca de uma sociedade mais justa e paritária.
¿Cultura digital? No todo lo que brilla son leds
Authors: Foglia Efraín
Published: January 2025

La dicotomía entre lo analógico y lo digital hace tiempo que está diluida en nuestra vida cotidiana. No obstante, aún podemos encontrar debates enérgicos, desde un enfoque binario, en torno al valor material, simbólico y cultural de la naturaleza de lo uno y de lo otro; como si se pudieran separar. Lo que sigue son reflexiones y argumentos sobre el valor intrínseco de la producción digital en la cultura.
Properties of limestone Mollic leptosols in the "Mrkonjićko" forest management area
Authors: Čigoja Ilija , Kapović Solomun Marijana , Eremija Saša , Česljar Goran
Published: January 2025

Rad opisuje fizičke i hemijske osobine krečnjačko-dolomitnih crnica na šumsko-privrednom području „Mrkonjićko“, jer je ovo jedan od najzastupljenijih tipova šumskog zemljišta ovog područja. Da bi se moglo pravilno upravljati i gazdovati šumama, jedan od najvažnijih koraka je procjena ekološko-proizvodnih potencijala zemljišta. Bez otvaranja pedoloških profila, opisivanja osobina zemljišta na terenu i laboratorijskih proučavanja karakteristika, nemoguće je izvršiti procjenu ekološko-proizvodne vrijednosti za neko zemljište. Istraživanja su realizovana u dvije privredne jedinice (PJ): „Dubička gora“ u odjeljenju 60 i „Ovčara“, u odjeljenjima 18 i 64. Klimatske karakteristike istraživanog područja su povoljne za razvoj šumske vegetacije. Geološku podlogu u istraživanim odjeljenjima čine krečnjaci, dok je cjelokupno šumsko-privredno područje značajno heterogenije u geološkom pogledu, što se svakako odražava i na pedološki pokrivač. U radu su detaljno prikazane fizičke i hemijske osobine za humusno-akumulativni horizont, koji je ujedno i jedini dijagnostički horizont krečnjačko-dolomitnih crnica. Istraživanja urađena u laboratoriji obuhvatila su analiziranje osnovnih fizičkih i hemijskih osobina zemljišta. Dubina analiziranih profila kreće se od 16 (profil u odjeljenju 18) do 20 cm (profili u odjeljenjima 60 i 64). Mehanički sastav svih profila je ilovast, dok je reakcija zemljišnog rastvora određena u H2O neutralna. Lako pristupačnim P2O5 istraživane krečnjačko-dolomitne crnice su siromašne, dok se snabdjevenost K2O kreće od srednje do dobre. Na osnovu istraženih fizičkih i hemijskih osobina krečnjačko-dolomitnih crnica, može se izvesti zaključak da su osobine uglavnom povoljne za rast i razvoj šumske vegetacije, uz konstataciju da je dubina ovog zemljišnog tipa glavni ograničavajući faktor njegove produktivnosti.
Seed of Taxus baccata L. from park trees – Morphological characteristics
Authors: Mijatović Ljubica , Stefanović Milan , Živanović Kristina , Devetaković Jovana
Published: January 2025

Taxus baccata L. is a rare species in the forests of Serbia, holding the status of a protected species as a tertiary relic. Contrary to the distribution in forests, the species is represented in parks. Yew is a dioecious species that bears fruit every or every other year, and the seeds are surrounded by a fleshy red covering that is extremely attractive. Data on the morphological characteristics of yew seeds are limited to a few literature sources due to the infrequent collection of seeds and significantly more frequent propagation by vegetative means. Seeds were collected during the fall of 2021 from 13 yew trees (11 trees from Belgrade and one from Novi Sad and Vrdnik) to investigate their morphological characteristics. The morphological characteristics of the seeds (length and width of the seeds diameter and shape of the seed scar, as well as dry weight of the seeds) from these trees are within the limits of the values reported in the literature for yew seeds. Significant variability in seed characteristics between the observed trees was proven using analysis of variance, and then grouping was performed using post-hoc Tukey HSD. Individual trees that are spatially close to each other showed a higher degree of seed similarity than spatially distant trees, as confirmed by cluster analysis (Tree Clustering, Single Linkage-Euclidean distances).
A contribution to the knowledge of the distribution of some alien species in flora of Sarajevo Canton
Authors: Hasanbegović Anis , Murtić Senad , Bašić Fejzo , Ademović Emina , Pintarić Dario
Published: January 2025

During the 3-year field research in the Sarajevo Canton (from 2019 to 2022), numerous new sites for many alien species were noted. Three of them were covered by this paper. These are: Digitalis purpurea L., Symphyotrichum novi belgii (L.) G. L. Nelson and Armoracia rusticiana Gaertn., Mey et Scherb.. The aim of the research and the paper is to provide new data on these species. This is important for the lack of specific data for alien species about their distribution, environmental conditions in which they develop, which can be very important in fight against them or in their adequate control. For each locality, where the plants were found, number of other parameters were provided, such as: altitude, latitude and longitude, soil type and phytocenological affiliation. Altitude, latitude and longitude were determined by the "MagelaneXplorist 500" GPS. Maps were also done with help of the "ArcGis Pro 2.8.4." program with registered localities. The name of plants were aligned with the www.europlusmed.org. Numerous papers and material from the "Herbarium Collection of the National Museum of BiH – SARA" were reviewed, and yet it was found out that all the localities were new for the researched species. Here we provided all previously published and data on herbarized plants for the whole of BiH.
Glia control experience-dependent plasticity in an olfactory critical period
Authors: Leier Hans C , Foden Alexander J , Jindal Darren A , Wilkov Abigail J , Van der Linden Costello Paola , Vanderzalm Pamela J , Coutinho-Budd Jaeda , Tabuchi Masashi , Broihier Heather T
Published: January 2025

Sensory experience during developmental critical periods has lifelong consequences for circuit function and behavior, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms through which experience causes these changes are not well understood. The Drosophila antennal lobe houses synapses between olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) and downstream projection neurons (PNs) in stereotyped glomeruli. Many glomeruli exhibit structural plasticity in response to early-life odor exposure, indicating a general sensitivity of the fly olfactory circuitry to early sensory experience. We recently found that glia shape antennal lobe development in young adults, leading us to ask if glia also drive experience-dependent plasticity during this period. Here, we define a critical period for structural and functional plasticity of OSN-PN synapses in the ethyl butyrate (EB)-sensitive glomerulus VM7. EB exposure for the first 2 days post-eclosion drives large-scale reductions in glomerular volume, presynapse number, and post- synaptic activity. Crucially, pruning during the critical period has long-term consequences for circuit function since both OSN-PN synapse number and spontaneous activity of PNs remain persistently decreased following early-life odor exposure. The highly conserved engulfment receptor Draper is required for this critical period plasticity as ensheathing glia upregulate Draper, invade the VM7 glomerulus, and phagocytose OSN presynaptic terminals in response to critical-period EB exposure. Loss of Draper fully suppresses the morphological and physiological consequences of critical period odor exposure, arguing that phagocytic glia engulf intact synaptic terminals. These data demonstrate experience-dependent pruning of synapses and argue that Drosophila olfactory circuitry is a powerful model for defining the function of glia in critical period plasticity.
Myristoylated Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 captures the ciliary vesicle at distal appendages
Authors: Kanie Tomoharu , Ng Roy , Abbott Keene L , Tanvir Niaj Mohammad , Lorentzen Esben , Pongs Olaf , Jackson Peter K
Published: January 2025

The primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle that cycles through assembly and disassembly. In many cell types, formation of the cilium is initiated by recruitment of ciliary vesicles to the distal appendage of the mother centriole. However, the distal appendage mechanism that directly captures ciliary vesicles is yet to be identified. In an accompanying paper, we show that the distal appendage protein, CEP89, is important for the ciliary vesicle recruitment, but not for other steps of cilium formation (Tomoharu Kanie, Love, Fisher, Gustavsson, & Jackson, 2023). The lack of a membrane binding motif in CEP89 suggests that it may indirectly recruit ciliary vesicles via another binding partner. Here, we identify Neuronal Calcium Sensor-1 (NCS1) as a stoichiometric interactor of CEP89. NCS1 localizes to the position between CEP89 and a ciliary vesicle marker, RAB34, at the distal appendage. This localization was completely abolished in CEP89 knockouts, suggesting that CEP89 recruits NCS1 to the distal appendage. Similarly to CEP89 knockouts, ciliary vesicle recruitment as well as subsequent cilium formation was perturbed in NCS1 knockout cells. The ability of NCS1 to recruit the ciliary vesicle is dependent on its myristoylation motif and NCS1 knockout cells expressing a myristoylation defective mutant failed to rescue the vesicle recruitment defect despite localizing properly to the centriole. In sum, our analysis reveals the first known mechanism for how the distal appendage recruits the ciliary vesicles.
Secondary structure of the SARS-CoV-2 genome is predictive of nucleotide substitution frequency
Authors: Hensel Zach
Published: January 2025

Accurate estimation of the effects of mutations on SARS-CoV-2 viral fitness can inform public-health responses such as vaccine development and predicting the impact of a new variant; it can also illuminate biological mechanisms including those underlying the emergence of variants of concern (Carabelli
et al
., 2023). Recently, Lan
et al
. reported a model of SARS-CoV-2 secondary structure and its underlying dimethyl sulfate (DMS) reactivity data (Lan
et al
., 2022). I investigated whether base reactivities and secondary structure models derived from them can explain some variability in the frequency of observing different nucleotide substitutions across millions of patient sequences in the SARS-CoV-2 phylogenetic tree. Nucleotide basepairing was compared to the estimated “mutational fitness” of substitutions, a measurement of the difference between a substitution’s observed and expected frequency that is correlated with other estimates of viral fitness (Bloom and Neher, 2023). This comparison revealed that secondary structure is often predictive of substitution frequency, with significant decreases in substitution frequencies at basepaired positions. Focusing on the mutational fitness of C→U, the most common type of substitution, I describe C→U substitutions at basepaired positions that characterize major SARS-CoV-2 variants; such mutations may have a greater impact on fitness than appreciated when considering substitution frequency alone.
Uso da gestão de facilities como vantagem competitiva
Authors: Monteiro Junior Ajissé Luiz , Longo Orlando Celso
Published: January 2025

O Facility Management (FM) tem sido amplamente adotado pelas corporações na última década, passando por transformações significativas. Muitas empresas optaram por internalizar esses serviços, buscando uma gestão mais próxima e assertiva, com foco na redução de custos e na melhoria da qualidade das entregas. No entanto, a implementação de uma estrutura de manutenção eficaz ainda enfrenta diversos desafios, resultando em aumento de esforços, custos adicionais e atrasos no atendimento aos clientes internos. No Brasil, a oferta de cursos de especialização em Facility Management ainda é limitada, o que aumenta a demanda por competências específicas em um mercado cada vez mais competitivo. Este artigo tem como principal objetivo destacar a importância e os desafios de uma gestão eficaz de FM, analisar o impacto dessa gestão no core business das empresas e discutir os riscos associados a uma implementação sem processos claramente definidos.
Pre-service Mathematics Teachers' Cognition of “Senior High School Students Can Understand Knowledge but cannot Solve Problems”
Authors: Fu Zihao , Yang Zezhong
Published: January 2025

In senior high school mathematics teaching, many students can understand the knowledge but cannot solve the problems. Existing studies mainly focus on front-line teaching, but no one has explored the cognition of pre-service mathematics teachers to this phenomenon. Whether pre-service mathematics teachers have clear cognition of this phenomenon will greatly affect the quality of mathematics teaching in senior high school in the future. As for the selection of sampling techniques, random sampling was used in this paper, and a total of 30 graduate students and undergraduates from the School of Mathematics and Statistics of Shandong Normal University who want to be senior high school mathematics teachers in the future are selected as the survey objects. As for the selection of investigation method, interview method was used to investigate their understanding of this phenomenon in this paper. The results are as follows: In terms of causes, 93. 33% pre-service mathematics teachers believed that students' grasp of knowledge is not enough, 56. 67% believed that students' thinking is narrow and limited, etc; In terms of countermeasures, 56. 67% believed that students' ability to use knowledge is not enough, and 30% believed that teachers should pay attention to the inspiration of students' ideas and methods, etc. The conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) For the phenomenon that senior high school students can understand the knowledge but cannot solve the problem, most pre-service mathematics teachers’ cognition have shortcomings in both rationality and comprehensiveness. (2) It is necessary to train pre-service mathematics teachers.
Assessment of the Effect of Hydro-Ethanolic Extracts of Xylopia aethiopica and Zingiber officinale on Some Haematological and Biochemical Profiles in Wistar Rats
Authors: Ogba Chinedu , Holy Brown , Tamuno-Emine Davies G.
Published: January 2025

In recent years, plant-derived natural products have gained significant attention for their diverse pharmacological benefits. This study assessed the effect of hydro-ethanolic extracts of Xylopia aethiopica (locally called Uda) and Zingiber officinale on some haematological and biochemical profiles in Wistar rats. A total of 55 albino rats weighing about 120g were assigned to five groups. The first group acted as the control, while the other four groups received a daily dose of 100mg/kg body weight of Xylopia aethiopica and Zingiber officinale extracts, along with the drug Astymin, for 28 days. Blood samples were collected through cardiac puncture from each animal to assess specific biochemical and haematological parameters. The statistical analysis used was Graph Pad Prism version 9.02. The results showed that extracts, both individually and in combination, significantly reduced renal and liver inflammation, as indicated by lower levels of creatinine, urea, chloride, potassium, and aminotransferases (AST and ALT). Both extracts reduced cardiovascular disease risk by lowering total cholesterol and triglycerides while increasing HDL-cholesterol. Xylopia aethiopica reduced triglycerides to 0.68 ± 0.01 mmol/L, while Zingiber officinale reduced them to 0.95 ± 0.01 mmol/L, both significantly lower than the control value of 1.16 ± 0.03 mmol/L. For HDL-cholesterol, Xylopia aethiopica increased it to 1.18±0.01 mmol/L, Zingiber officinale to 0.81 ± 0.01 mmol/L, and the combination to 1.23 ± 0.02 mmol/L, all significantly higher than the control level of 0.98 ± 0.01 mmol/L. The study indicates that both extracts, at a 100 mg/kg dose for up to 4 weeks, are safe for therapeutic use without causing organ toxicity.
Social Media Marketing in Banking: Measuring Engagement and Customer Acquisition in Cameroon
Authors: Feudjio Virginie Takoutio , Ringmu Huboh Samuel , Aloysius Njong Mom , Felix Nkiendem
Published: January 2025

Gaining new clients is extremely difficult for Cameroon's banking sector, especially in the digital era. This study looks into how social media marketing affects Cameroon's banking sector's ability to acquire new clients. The main contention is that social media marketing can be a useful strategy for banks looking to expand their clientele. This study aims to investigate the connections among customer acquisition, influencer alliances, content quality, and social media engagement in Cameroon's banking sector. To investigate the associations between the variables, a multiple regression analysis is used as part of a quantitative research strategy. The study's findings suggest that, in the banking sector, social media engagement and content quality are important indicators of client acquisition. According to the study's conclusions, Cameroonian banks ought to give social media interaction and high-quality content top priority when developing their marketing plans. The study advances our knowledge of the connections between social media marketing and customer acquisition in the banking sector and offers guidance to Cameroonian banks looking to use social media marketing to attract new clients.
Association and Community Structure of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Horticultural Crops
Authors: Neog Pranjal Pratim
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to analyze the community structure, occurrence and diversity of plant parasitic nematodes associated with different production blocks of Horticultural Orchard of Biswanath College of Agriculture, with a focus on identifying dominant nematode species. The study was conducted in fruit, floriculture, vegetable and spice blocks during March 2024 to August 2024. During the investigation soil samples were collected from different crop blocks. From each crop block 10-15 subsamples were collected to make a composite sample. Extraction of nematodes from collected soil samples was done by modified Cobb’s sieving and decanting technique followed by Baerman’s funnel technique. The plant parasitic nematodes present in the suspension were identified using taxonomic key and nematode population in each sample was counted three times in a multi chambered counting dish under a stereoscopic binocular microscope and mean was taken. Community analysis of plant parasitic nematodes were done by determining absolute frequency (AF), relative frequency (RF), density (D), relative density (RD) and prominence value (PV) following Norton's methodology. Seven species of plant parasitic nematodes viz., Meloidogyne sp, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Hoplolaimus indicus., Tylenchorhynchus leviterminalis., Xiphinema sp. and Pratylenchus sp., were isolated and identified from soil samples collected from rhizosphere of different production blocks. Analysis of nematode communities revealed that, in fruit block 100% absolute frequency was recorded in case of H. dihystera, H. indicus and T. leviterminalis. In vegetable and floriculture block 100% absolute frequency was recorded in case of H. dihystera, H. indicuas, Meloidogyne sp. and T. leviterminalis. H. dihystera was found to be most prominent in all the production blocks. The findings offer critical insights into nematode ecology and underscore the importance of region specific management practices to reduce the crop losses cause by plant parasitic nematodes in horticultural crops.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Clinical Trial Enrollment Among Women With Gynecologic Cancer
Authors: Khadraoui Wafa , Meade Caitlin E. , Backes Floor J. , Felix Ashley S.
Published: December 2023

Importance

Racial and ethnic disparities in clinical trial enrollment are unjust and hinder development of new cancer treatments.

Objective

To examine the association of race and ethnicity with clinical trial enrollment among women with endometrial, ovarian, or cervical cancer.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This retrospective cohort study used data from the National Cancer Database, a hospital-based cancer registry, and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER), a population-based cancer registry. Population-based race and ethnicity–specific proportions for each cancer site were derived from SEER. Participants included women with an endometrial, ovarian, or cervical cancer diagnosed from 2004 to 2019. Analyses were performed from February 2 to June 14, 2023.

Exposure

Race and ethnicity were categorized as American Indian/Alaska Native, Asian, Black, Hispanic (any race), Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, White, and other (not defined in the National Cancer Database).

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcomes were the odds of clinical trial enrollment and representation in clinical trials compared with the US population. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for associations of race and ethnicity with clinical trial enrollment within the National Cancer Database sample. Participation-to-prevalence ratios (PPRs) according to diagnosis period (2004-2011 vs 2012-2019) were calculated by dividing the race and ethnicity–specific percentage of clinical trial participants in the study sample by the percentage of racial and ethnic groups in SEER.

Results

Among 562 592 patients with gynecologic cancer (mean [SD] age at diagnosis, 62.9 [11.3] years), 1903 were American Indian/Alaska Native, 18 680 were Asian, 56 421 were Black, 38 145 were Hispanic, 1453 were Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, 442 869 were White, and 3121 were other race and ethnicity. Only 548 (<1%) were enrolled in clinical trials. Compared with White women, clinical trial enrollment was lower for Asian (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.25-0.78), Black (OR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.50-0.99), and Hispanic (OR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.33-0.83) women. Compared with the US population, White women were adequately or overrepresented for all cancer types (PPRs ≥1.1), Black women were adequately or overrepresented for endometrial and cervical cancers (PPRs ≥1.1) but underrepresented for ovarian cancer (PPR ≤0.6), and Asian and Hispanic women were underrepresented among all 3 cancer types (PPRs ≤0.6).

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort of patients with gynecologic cancer, clinical trial enrollment was lower among certain minoritized racial and ethnic groups. Continued efforts are needed to address disparate clinical trial enrollment among underrepresented groups.
Well-Being of US Military Veterans
Authors: Na Peter J. , Fischer Ian C. , Krist Alex H. , Kudler Harold S. , Jeste Dilip V. , Pietrzak Robert H.
Published: December 2023

This survey study analyzed data from a nationally representative sample of US veterans to examine ratings and correlates of well-being.
Performance of Large Language Models on a Neurology Board–Style Examination
Authors: Schubert Marc Cicero , Wick Wolfgang , Venkataramani Varun
Published: December 2023

Importance

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in a wide array of applications, including health care. While LLMs showed heterogeneous results across specialized medical board examinations, the performance of these models in neurology board examinations remains unexplored.

Objective

To assess the performance of LLMs on neurology board–style examinations.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study was conducted between May 17 and May 31, 2023. The evaluation utilized a question bank resembling neurology board-style examination questions and was validated with a small question cohort by the European Board for Neurology. All questions were categorized into lower-order (recall, understanding) and higher-order (apply, analyze, synthesize) questions based on the Bloom taxonomy for learning and assessment. Performance by LLM ChatGPT versions 3.5 (LLM 1) and 4 (LLM 2) was assessed in relation to overall scores, question type, and topics, along with the confidence level and reproducibility of answers.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Overall percentage scores of 2 LLMs.

Results

LLM 2 significantly outperformed LLM 1 by correctly answering 1662 of 1956 questions (85.0%) vs 1306 questions (66.8%) for LLM 1. Notably, LLM 2’s performance was greater than the mean human score of 73.8%, effectively achieving near-passing and passing grades in the neurology board–style examination. LLM 2 outperformed human users in behavioral, cognitive, and psychological–related questions and demonstrated superior performance to LLM 1 in 6 categories. Both LLMs performed better on lower-order than higher-order questions, with LLM 2 excelling in both lower-order and higher-order questions. Both models consistently used confident language, even when providing incorrect answers. Reproducible answers of both LLMs were associated with a higher percentage of correct answers than inconsistent answers.

Conclusions and Relevance

Despite the absence of neurology-specific training, LLM 2 demonstrated commendable performance, whereas LLM 1 performed slightly below the human average. While higher-order cognitive tasks were more challenging for both models, LLM 2’s results were equivalent to passing grades in specialized neurology examinations. These findings suggest that LLMs could have significant applications in clinical neurology and health care with further refinements.
Motivation brought to the test: Successful retrieval practice is modulated by mastery goal orientation and external rewards
Authors: Endres Tino , Eitel Alexander
Published: December 2023

We investigated how learners' motivation impacts the testing effect for complex study materials. High mastery goal orientation was expected to weaken the effect, while external rewards for successful retrieval practice were expected to strengthen it. Two experiments (N = 191) compared restudy, retrieval practice, and retrieval practice with external reward in a between‐subject design. We assessed delayed retention after 1 week. Both experiments revealed a testing effect. Learners' mastery goal orientation moderated the effect in both experiments. It was strong in students with low mastery goal orientation and absent in those with high mastery goal orientation. The external reward failed to enhance the testing effect in Experiment 1, but boosted it in Experiment 2 with more specific criteria for “successful retrieval practice.” In Experiment 2, the reward increased students' retrieval practice effort, improving delayed retention. These results suggest that students' motivation to practice retrieval and to restudy are important boundary conditions for the testing effect.
Development of Triboelectric Nanogenerators Using Novel 3D Printed Polymer Materials
Authors: Wajahat Muhammad , Kouzani Abbas Z. , Khoo Sui Yang , Mahmud M. A. Parvez
Published: December 2023

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are becoming attractive devices for harvesting mechanical energy. 3D printing (3DP) is a newly reported technique for the development of this device. This technique is not fully explored for the fabrication of triboelectric materials and compatible printing processes. Herein, three main 3DP techniques including powder‐based multijet fusion, resin‐based polyjet fusion, and filament‐based fused deposition modeling are utilized to investigate new sets of 3DP triboelectric materials. Mechanical to electrical conversion efficiency of 3D printed and commercially available negative and positive triboelectric materials are compared and investigated. Polyamide ‐12 (PA12), Veroclear, acrylonitrile‐styrene‐acrylate (ASA), copper‐coated polylactic acid (Cu‐PLA), polycarbonate (PC), and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) are fabricated using compatible 3D printing techniques. 3D‐printed PA12 is considered as a reference positive triboelectric layer. Meanwhile, 3D‐printed Veroclear, ASA, Cu‐PLA, PC, PETG, and commercial materials like Teflon sheets, PA6,6 conductive sheets, indium tin oxide‐coated polyethylene terephthalate, conductive‐nylon sheets, and PVDF membrane are selected as negative triboelectric materials. The maximum AC voltage of 80 V and maximum instantaneous current of 0.9 μA are produced by pairing 3DP‐PA12 and 3DP‐Veroclear under open circuit condition. This AC output is further converted to DC output using brdige rectifier circuitry to efficiently charge up the capacitor and glow series of 16 LEDs.
Local Spinal Cord Injury Treatment Using a Dental Pulp Stem Cell Encapsulated H2S Releasing Multifunctional Injectable Hydrogel
Authors: Albashari Abdullkhaleg Ali , He Yan , Luo Yu , Duan Xingxiang , Ali Jihea , Li Mingchang , Fu Dehao , Xiang Yangfan , Peng Youjian , Li Song , Luo Lihua , Zan Xingjie , Kumeria Tushar , Ye Qingsong
Published: December 2023

Spinal cord injury (SCI) commonly induces nerve damage and nerve cell degeneration. In this work, a novel dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) encapsulated thermoresponsive injectable hydrogel with sustained hydrogen sulfide (H2S) delivery is demonstrated for SCI repair. For controlled and sustained H2S gas therapy, a clinically tested H2S donor (JK) loaded octysilane functionalized mesoporous silica nanoparticles (OMSNs) are incorporated into the thermosensitive hydrogel made from Pluronic F127 (PF‐127). The JK‐loaded functionalized MSNs (OMSF@JK) promote preferential M2‐like polarization of macrophages and neuronal differentiation of DPSCs in vitro. OMSF@JK incorporated PF‐127 injectable hydrogel (PF‐OMSF@JK) has a soft consistency similar to that of the human spinal cord and thus, shows a high cytocompatibility with DPSCs. The cross‐sectional micromorphology of the hydrogel shows a continuous porous structure. Last, the PF‐OMSF@JK composite hydrogel considerably improves the in vivo SCI regeneration in Sprague–Dawley rats through a reduction in inflammation and neuronal differentiation of the incorporated stem cells as confirmed using western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The highly encouraging in vivo results prove that this novel design on hydrogel is a promising therapy for SCI regeneration with the potential for clinical translation.
Photodynamic O2 Economizer Encapsulated with DNAzyme for Enhancing Mitochondrial Gene‐Photodynamic Therapy
Authors: Zhong Kaipeng , Zhang Zefan , Cheng Wenyuan , Liu Guangyao , Zhang Xuan , Zhang Jing , Sun Shihao , Wang Baodui
Published: December 2023

Emerging research suggests that mitochondrial DNA is a potential target for cancer treatment. However, achieving precise delivery of deoxyribozymes (DNAzymes) and combining photodynamic therapy (PDT) and DNAzyme‐based gene silencing together for enhancing mitochondrial gene‐photodynamic synergistic therapy remains challenging. Accordingly, herein, intelligent supramolecular nanomicelles are constructed by encapsulating a DNAzyme into a photodynamic O2 economizer for mitochondrial NO gas‐enhanced synergistic gene‐photodynamic therapy. The designed nanomicelles demonstrate sensitive acid‐ and red‐light sequence‐activated behaviors. After entering the cancer cells and targeting the mitochondria, these micelles will disintegrate and release the DNAzyme and Mn (II) porphyrin in the tumor microenvironment. Mn (II) porphyrin acts as a DNAzyme cofactor to activate the DNAzyme for the cleavage reaction. Subsequently, the NO‐carrying donor is decomposed under red light irradiation to generate NO that inhibits cellular respiration, facilitating the conversion of more O2 into singlet oxygen (1O2) in the tumor cells, thereby significantly enhancing the efficacy of PDT. In vitro and in vivo experiments reveal that the proposed system can efficiently target mitochondria and exhibits considerable antitumor effects with negligible systemic toxicity. Thus, this study provides a useful conditional platform for the precise delivery of DNAzymes and a novel strategy for activatable NO gas‐enhanced mitochondrial gene‐photodynamic therapy.
Recent Advances in Ni‐Catalyzed 1,1‐Difunctionalization of Unactivated Olefins
Authors: Velasco‐Rubio Álvaro , Martin Ruben
Published: December 2023

Unactivated olefins rank amongst the most important feedstocks in organic synthesis. Their availability makes them particularly useful synthons for subsequent functionalization, particularly in a catalytic manner. Driven by the popularity ascribed by nickel catalysis as a new tool to rapidly forge molecular architectures via one‐or two‐electron manifolds, the recent years have witnessed significant advances in Ni‐catalyzed olefin difunctionalization. While 1,2‐difunctionalization or remote functionalization via “chain‐walk” have become mature disciplines for repurposing the potential of olefins as building blocks, it was only recently that extensions of this chemistry to 1,1‐difunctionalization have been possible. This review summarizes the recent advances in Ni‐catalyzed olefin 1,1‐difunctionalization, holding considerable promise as a new powerful strategy for our ever‐growing synthetic repertoire.
Effective irrigation scheduling to improve corn yield, net returns, and water use
Authors: Sheldon Kendall , Shekoofa Avat , McClure Angela , Smith Aaron , Martinez Charles , Bellaloui Nacer
Published: December 2023

Irrigated cropland continues to increase in Tennessee to sustain yield when seasonal temperatures are high and water deficit occurs. Corn (Zea mays L.) production is directly related to water availability. Inefficient irrigation scheduling can result in excessive or inadequate water applications. The objective of this study was to optimize profitable corn yield using soil water sensors to improve irrigation scheduling. Three irrigation regimes plus a rainfed/check were evaluated in a field study at the University of Tennessee Milan Research and Education Center in 2020 and 2021. Soil water level was monitored with Meter Inc. Teros 21 matric potential sensors and ZL6 soil‐water loggers. Irrigation‐scheduling decisions were based on rainfall, plant growth stages, and soil water sensors. An optimal irrigation schedule was determined within this study that increased yield by 13.0% and 3.0%, respectively, in 2020 and 2021 while also having the lowest cost among irrigation treatments. Results indicate that irrigation scheduling can improve yield, conserve water, and increase economic returns.
Multi‐objective optimization of radially stirred tank based on CFD and machine learning
Authors: Zhao Xuezhi , Fan Haoan , Lin Gaobo , Fang Zhecheng , Yang Wulong , Li Mian , Wang Jianghao , Lu Xiuyang , Li Bolong , Wu Ke‐Jun , Fu Jie
Published: December 2023

Structural optimization is essential to improve the performance of mixing equipment. An efficient optimization strategy based on computational fluid dynamics, machine learning, and the multi‐objective genetic algorithm was proposed to predict and optimize the performance of the stirred tank. Single‐factor analysis was performed to study the effects of structural parameters on power consumption and mixing time, which were reduced by 16.0% and 1.4%, respectively, in the optimized stirred vessel. To further optimize the stirred tank geometries and maximize the integrated performance, XGB coupled NSGA‐ІІ were utilized to minimize the power consumption and mixing time. The optimal design parameters from the Pareto front were identified by two well‐known decision‐making methods (LINMAP and TOPSIS), which decreased power consumption and mixing time by 12.3% and 13.4% compared to the stirred tank with the baseline structure. This research further confirmed the accuracy and reliability of the machine learning‐based optimization method.
Maternal CHD7 gonosomal mosaicism in a fetus with CHARGE syndrome
Authors: Bai Ting , Shen Ying , Yang Yanting , Dai Siyu , Liu Hongqian
Published: December 2023

Parental mosaicism is important in families with de novo mutations. Herein, we report a case of fetal CHARGE syndrome (CS) with a CHD7 variant inherited from maternal CHD7 gonosomal mosaicism. The variant was detected through trio‐based whole‐exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing. High‐depth whole‐exome sequencing was performed for the identification of parental mosaicism. A novel heterozygous CHD7 nonsense mutation (c.5794G>T/ p.E1932*) was detected in the tissue from the aborted fetus. The parents were wild‐type, indicating that the mutation was a de novo variant. The mutation was suspected to be the cause of the fetal CS. However, high‐depth whole‐exome sequencing revealed maternal gonosomal mosaicism at a variant allele frequency of 3.2%–23.3%. The variant was identified in various tissues (peripheral blood, hair follicles, buccal epithelia, and pharyngeal epithelia) from the asymptomatic mother. We confirmed maternal CHD7 gonosomal mosaicism as a genetic cause of fetal CS. Our results emphasize the importance of clinical analysis in accurately determining the parents’ status in detecting the CHD7 de novo variant in fetal CS, as this analysis has vital implications for evaluating the recurrence risk for genetic counseling.