bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation Index for the Assessment of Procedural Pain in Nonanesthetized Infants: A Multicenter Pilot Study
Authors: Walas Wojciech , Latka-Grot Julita , Maroszyńska Iwona , Malinowska Ewelina , Rutkowska Magdalena , Piotrowski Andrzej , Wrońska Monika , Szczapa Tomasz , Kubiaczyk Agata , Skrzypek Michał , De Jonckheere Julien , Halaba Zenon P.
Published: April 2020

Objective The aim of this study is to evaluate the ability of the Newborn Infant Parasympathetic Evaluation (NIPE) index to detect the response to nociceptive stimuli in nonanesthetized infants and to compare these results to simultaneous scoring by behavioral scales.

Study Design Thirty-six nonanesthetized infants admitted to neonatal/pediatric intensive care unit (N/PICUs) were enrolled to the study. Due to faulty records of the data, three patients had to be excluded. To detect pain caused by noxious stimuli, the heart-rate-variability-derived NIPE index and behavioral pain scales designed for measuring procedural pain in nonverbal children were used.

Results Forty-one painful events were available for analysis. We observed in the whole group a statistically significant decrease in NIPE values at 1, 2, and 3 minutes after a painful stimulus, in comparison to the NIPE value at rest and the statistically significant differences between the minimum NIPE value within 3 minutes after the stimulus in comparison to NIPE value at rest in the whole group, as well as in the subgroups of moderate and severe pain. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis has shown the strong sensitivity and specificity of the NIPE in detecting the noxious stimuli (ROC AUC: 0.767). We also found that the stronger the sensation of pain was, the more rapidly NIPE reached its lowest value.

Discussion Our study indicates that the painful procedures are associated with a significant decrease in the NIPE value within 3 minutes after a noxious stimulus. Based on our observation, the minimum value within 3 minutes from the painful procedure seems to be the most distinctive value.
The effects of numerical acceleration techniques on PIC-MCC simulations of ion thrusters
Authors: Yuan Tiannan , Ren Junxue , Zhou Jun , Zhang Zhe , Wang Yibai , Tang Haibin
Published: April 2020

The particle-in-cell-Monte Carlo collision method has been widely used in simulation studies of ion thrusters. Due to the huge computational demand of such simulations, numerical acceleration techniques are required. However, the effects of such numerical acceleration techniques on the simulation results are not clear. In this study, the effects of three numerical acceleration techniques are investigated using a series of simulations that implement different numerical acceleration factors. The resulting plasma potentials, plasma density distributions, and plasma currents in the discharge chamber are compared for simulations accelerated by increasing the vacuum permittivity, reducing the mass of heavy particles, and making use of self-similarity. The results demonstrate that increasing the permittivity thickens the sheath. When the sheath expands enough to extend to the cusps, the distributions of the potentials and the plasma densities are affected, influencing the current parameters. Reducing the masses of heavy particles greatly influences ion properties, especially the plasma density. Thus, it causes significant errors in the potential and current parameters. Errors in the beam current can be significantly decreased by correcting the beam current using an exponent relationship between the mass scaling factor and the plasma density. The use of self-similarity simultaneously thickens the sheath and decreases the particle number density and may slightly reduce the plasma current values. A number of suggestions for employing these techniques are also provided.
Effect of switch parameters and polarity on the repetitive performance of a corona-stabilized switch viewed from behavior of space charge
Authors: Li Longjie , Li Jiangtao , Zhao Zheng
Published: April 2020

The corona stabilization effect is produced by the motion and accumulation of space charges generated by localized ionization in a highly inhomogeneous electric field. This stabilization effect can be adopted to improve the repetitive performance of gas-discharge plasma closing switches. The behavior of space charge that produces the corona stabilization effect is different under different polarities of the applied voltage, and so the mechanisms of the corona stabilization effect for different polarities are also different. In this study, the effect of switch parameters (including electric field inhomogeneity, gas type, and operating pressure) on the behavior of the residual space charge generated by preceding breakdown and the effect of residual space charge behavior on the subsequent corona-stabilized breakdown under different polarities were investigated and analyzed. The results show that the corona-stabilized switch with high field inhomogeneity, gaseous medium containing SF6, and high operating pressure exhibits an excellent repetitive performance. For a corona-stabilized switch operating under the parameters mentioned above, the recovery performance under positive polarity is better than that under negative polarity when the recovery time is short.
Real-time imaging of immersed fuel-sub assemblies using multi-channel ultrasonic camera
Authors: Tarpara Eaglekumar G. , Patankar V. H.
Published: April 2020

The novel circular-array based real-time ultrasonic imaging technique using an ultrasonic camera has been proposed in this paper for imaging of a fuel sub-assembly (FSA) of a fast breeder reactor. The developed ultrasonic camera-based system provides real-time images of the top-head region of the FSA in a high-temperature environment. For the circular-array based ultrasonic imaging, the entire circular-array has been divided into the various arcs, and the address-based analog multiplexing scheme has been proposed in such a way that all channels of the specific arc are selected concurrently (transducer excitation, data acquisition, and data processing and transferring). Various data processing algorithms are proposed and implemented for multi-channel ultrasonic data processing in real-time. For the experimentation, the complete 18-channel ultrasonic camera system has been designed, developed, and evaluated in the laboratory. The performance evaluation of the developed circular-array based ultrasonic camera has been shown by acquiring the real-time images of the water-immersed dummy FSA in elevated temperature. Furthermore, both qualitative visualization and quantitative measurements of growth and bowing of the FSA top-head are presented.
An SEM compatible plasma cell for in situ studies of hydrogen-material interaction
Authors: Massone A. , Manhard A. , Jacob W. , Drexler A. , Ecker W. , Hohenwarter A. , Wurster S. , Kiener D.
Published: April 2020

An in situ hydrogen (H) plasma charging and in situ observation method was developed to continuously charge materials, while tensile testing them inside a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The present work will introduce and validate the setup and showcase an application allowing high-resolution observation of H-material interactions in a Ni-based alloy, Alloy 718. The effect of charging time and pre-straining was investigated. Fracture surface observation showed the expected ductile microvoid coalescence behavior in the uncharged samples, while the charged ones displayed brittle intergranular and quasi-cleavage failure. With the in situ images, it was possible to monitor the sample deformation and correlate the different crack propagation rates with the load-elongation curves. H-charging reduced the material ductility, while increasing pre-strain decreased hydrogen embrittlement susceptibility due to the possible suppression of mechanical twinning during the tensile test and, therefore, a reduction in H concentration at grain and twin boundaries. All the presented results demonstrated the validity of the method and the possibility of in situ continuously charging of materials with H without presenting any technical risk for the SEM.
Polar vibrational and dielectric properties of monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides from macroscopic equations
Authors: Zhang J.-Z.
Published: April 2020

Long wavelength polar vibrations in monolayer (ML) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are systematically studied for in-plane and out-of-plane motions, using two pairs of macroscopic equations deduced from a microscopic dipole lattice model accounting for local field effects (LFEs) and electronic polarization (EP). Longitudinal and transverse optical modes and out-of-plane modes are derived, and the analytical expressions describe previous first-principles calculations very well. Owing to the LFEs, the in-plane dielectric susceptibilities of ML TMDs are one order of magnitude greater than the out-of-plane susceptibilities. Furthermore, the effects of the dielectric environment on the polar vibrations are studied. Both EP and LFEs should be accounted for obtaining an accurate evaluation of dielectric susceptibility and key lattice-dynamical properties such as Born charge and phonon dispersion. A two-dimensional (2D) Lyddane–Sachs–Teller relation and a frequency–susceptibility relation are derived for in-plane and out-of-plane motions, relating the 2D dielectric functions or susceptibilities to the polar phonon frequencies. The results are also compared in detail with those of ML hexagonal boron nitride.
The quantum transport properties of silicon nanowires are affected upon lithiation
Authors: Mandel Savannah
Published: April 2020

Density functional theory shows that electrical performance in lithiated silicon nanowires remains acceptable even with surface roughness and disorder.
Input polarization-independent polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography using a depolarizer
Authors: Sharma Shivani , Hartl Georg , Naveed Sheeza K. , Blessing Katharina , Sharma Gargi , Singh Kanwarpal
Published: April 2020

Polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography is gaining attention because of its ability to diagnose certain pathological conditions at an early stage. The majority of polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography systems require a polarization controller and a polarizer to obtain the optimal polarization state of the light at the sample. Such systems are prone to misalignment since any movement of the optical fiber normally coupled to the light source will change the polarization state of the incident beam. We propose and demonstrate an input polarization-independent polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography system using a depolarizer that works for any input polarization state of the light source. The change in the optical power at the sample for arbitrary input polarized light for the standard polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography system was found to be approximately 84% compared to 9% for our proposed method. The developed system was used to measure the retardance and optical axis orientation of a quarter-wave plate and the obtained values matched closely to the expectation. To further demonstrate the capability of measuring the birefringent properties of biological samples, we also imaged the nail bed. We believe that the proposed system is a robust polarization-sensitive optical coherence tomography system and that it will improve the diagnostic capabilities in clinical settings.
Dynamics of coherent structures in turbulent square duct flow
Authors: Khan Hamid Hassan , Anwer Syed Fahad , Hasan Nadeem , Sanghi Sanjeev
Published: April 2020

The underlying flow dynamics in a turbulent flow in a periodic square duct is investigated by using the snapshot Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD) technique. In this study, the friction Reynolds number based on the duct width is fixed at 300. The coherent structures are identified through the spatial and temporal analysis of POD modes. Analysis of two sets of POD data is performed. In obtaining the first set, POD is performed on the combined fluctuating velocity vector, while for the second set, only the fluctuating velocity along the y- or z-direction is used. It was found that the first two most energetic spatial POD modes are the streamwise-independent or non-propagating roll modes. The third and fourth most energetic modes are observed to be streamwise-dependent, propagating modes. The spatio-temporal analysis of POD modes confirms the presence of traveling waves in the square duct, and its average speed is also calculated. The POD of the second dataset showed only propagating modes, and no non-propagating modes were found. These propagating modes are also rotationally symmetric. It has been shown that there is an energy exchange between non-propagating modes and propagating modes. The flow dynamics of the first four reconstructed POD modes portray the self-sustaining turbulence mechanism in a square duct. The structures obtained from the first POD dataset reconstruction of 10% energy show well organized hairpin vortices. Furthermore, it is found that the energy content of 35% gives detailed information on the coherent structures aligned along the wavy streamwise direction.
Low temperature deformation mechanism of semiconductor single crystal and molding of Ge microlens array by direct electrical heating
Authors: Tokuhiro Kai , Okano Makoto , Hachinohe Satoru , Shimizu Masahiro , Shimotsuma Yasuhiko , Miura Kiyotaka
Published: April 2020

Although deforming a silicon single crystal at a temperature of about 600 °C lower than its melting point (1414 °C) by direct electrical heating was successfully demonstrated, the mechanism has still not been fully clarified. In this paper, we propose a model for the low temperature deformation of a semiconductor single crystal by direct electrical heating. The thermographic observation during direct electrical heating reveals that the local temperature is higher at the region where dense dislocation occurred in the semiconductor single crystal by uniaxial pressing. This is interpreted in terms of the scattering of an electron by the dislocation leading to an increase in the electrical resistivity. Finally, the deformation temperature of the semiconductor single crystal apparently becomes low due to the occurrence of such hot spots. We have also demonstrated an application to mold a microlens array composed of a germanium single crystal with a focal length of 25 µm.
Efficient implementation of the superposition of atomic potentials initial guess for electronic structure calculations in Gaussian basis sets
Authors: Lehtola Susi , Visscher Lucas , Engel Eberhard
Published: April 2020

The superposition of atomic potentials (SAP) approach has recently been shown to be a simple and efficient way to initialize electronic structure calculations [S. Lehtola, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 15, 1593–1604 (2019)]. Here, we study the differences between effective potentials from fully numerical density functional and optimized effective potential calculations for fixed configurations. We find that the differences are small, overall, and choose exchange-only potentials at the local density approximation level of theory computed on top of Hartree–Fock densities as a good compromise. The differences between potentials arising from different atomic configurations are also found to be small at this level of theory. Furthermore, we discuss the efficient Gaussian-basis implementation of SAP via error function fits to fully numerical atomic radial potentials. The guess obtained from the fitted potentials can be easily implemented in any Gaussian-basis quantum chemistry code in terms of two-electron integrals. Fits covering the whole periodic table from H to Og are reported for non-relativistic as well as fully relativistic four-component calculations that have been carried out with fully numerical approaches.
Phase-mediated locomotion of two self-propelled flexible plates in a tandem arrangement
Authors: Ryu Jaeha , Yang Jongmin , Park Sung Goon , Sung Hyung Jin
Published: April 2020

Unique propulsion systems have evolved in fish that interact with the effects on the surrounding fluid of upstream fish. The downstream fish utilize these complex interactions to swim efficiently. The immersed boundary method is used to explore the phase-mediated locomotion of two self-propelled flexible plates in a tandem arrangement. The interactions caused by the phase difference are elucidated, and the hydrodynamic benefits obtained from the phase-mediated interactions are scrutinized. The variations with the phase difference (Δϕ) and initial gap distance (Gx,0) in the average cruising speed (ŪC), the average input power (P¯), the swimming efficiency (η), and the equilibrium gap distance (G¯x) are determined. Three flapping modes are identified: a tandem flapping mode, a closely mediated flapping mode, and an interfered flapping mode. The propulsion mechanisms in these modes are analyzed in detail in terms of Δϕ and Gx,0. ŪC and η are increased by more than 45% in the closely mediated flapping mode. The vortical structures are visualized to characterize the three flapping modes qualitatively.
Enhanced adhesion in two-photon polymerization direct laser writing
Authors: Izard A. G. , Garcia E. P. , Dixon M. , Potma E. O. , Baldacchini T. , Valdevit L.
Published: April 2020

We have quantified the adhesion forces between two-photon polymerization direct laser writing (TPP-DLW) microstructures and glass surfaces with and without an adhesion promoter. Glass surfaces treated with an acryloxy-silane agent produce adhesion forces that are almost three times larger than the forces observed with pristine glass surfaces. Determination of the substrates’ surface free energies suggests that the observed adhesion enhancement is chemical in its nature, implying that covalent bonds are formed between the polymer and the glass by means of the silane agent. The importance of this finding is demonstrated in the successful production of glassy carbon microstructures using TPP-DLW, followed by pyrolysis.
PSGL-1 restricts HIV-1 infectivity by blocking virus particle attachment to target cells
Authors: Fu Yajing , He Sijia , Waheed Abdul A. , Dabbagh Deemah , Zhou Zheng , Trinité Benjamin , Wang Zhao , Yu Jieshi , Wang Dan , Li Feng , Levy David N. , Shang Hong , Freed Eric O. , Wu Yuntao
Published: April 2020

Significance

PSGL-1 and CD43 are surface glycoproteins expressed on blood CD4 T cells to bind to selectins for T cell tethering, rolling, and migration into inflamed tissues. The PSGL-1 level is greatly up-regulated during inflammation. Here we found that PSGL-1 and CD43 expression inhibits HIV spreading infection. Mechanistically, PSGL-1 blocks the binding of virus particles to target cells. PSGL-1–mediated suppression of virus infectivity extends to another retrovirus—murine leukemia virus—and to influenza A virus. These results further our understanding of virus–host interactions and help elucidate mechanisms by which cellular host factors regulate viral infection and pathogenesis.
The process of note-taking in consecutive interpreting
Authors: Chen Sijia
Published: April 2020

This article reports the findings of an empirical study on the process of note-taking in consecutive interpreting (CI). The focus is on the data collected via digital pen recording and voice recording while professional interpreters performed CI between Chinese (L1) and English (L2). In both directions of interpreting, the study found that the interpreters preferred language to symbol and English to Chinese. It was also found that the physical and temporal demands of symbol and abbreviation notes were lower than those of language and full word notes, respectively, whereas the ear-pen span (EPS) of symbol notes was longer than that of language notes. As to the relationship between note-taking and interpreting performance, the data showed that a higher percentage of English notes was correlated with a worse performance in both directions of interpreting. There were also some differences between the directions: in E-C interpreting, the performance was better when the EPS was shorter, when the participants used more symbol notes, and when they used fewer language notes, but in C-E interpreting, the quality of performance was positively correlated with the quantity of notes.
EMI lecturers’ practices in correcting English
Authors: Mancho-Barés Guzman , Aguilar-Pérez Marta
Published: April 2020

Research on English-medium instruction (EMI) has pointed to lecturers’ refusal to teach or correct English. This study seeks empirical evidence to investigate the extent to which content lecturers’ assessment practices align with their expressed beliefs regarding language teaching. Drawing on three types of data – a questionnaire, interviews and students’ exams – we aimed at finding and exploring EMI lecturers’ written corrective feedback (WCF) as part of language assessment practices. Findings suggest that while EMI content lecturers repeatedly express their refusal to teach English, their actual teaching practices show evidence of some provision of language-related feedback. These findings are discussed against university language education policy. Agate openerlecturer profile is identified whose corrective feedback creates opportunities for correctly using disciplinary English.
Lexical features in argumentative writing across English writers from different language backgrounds
Authors: Yu Xiaoli
Published: April 2020

This corpus-based research analysed three lexical features (lexical diversity, lexical sophistication, and cohesion) in English argumentative writing and examined the potential differences in lexical performance (1) between native and nonnative English writers and (2) across all writers from various language backgrounds. The findings revealed that nonnative English writers demonstrated significantly lower performance in lexical sophistication than did native English writers. Significant differences in all three lexical aspects exist between writers from different language backgrounds. Pedagogical implications for vocabulary instruction in academic writing for nonnative writers include emphasizing the mastery of academic, low-frequency, and discipline-specific vocabulary. Additionally, improving nonnative writers’ vocabulary size and lexical diversity is essential for building deeper level cohesion in writing. The results suggest unique writing characteristics of different nonnative writers and their varied learner needs should be acknowledged. Thus, targeted instruction is essential to provide effective enhancement to nonnative English writers’ lexical performance in academic writing.
La insistencia en la cultura mexicana
Authors: Flores-Salgado Elizabeth
Published: April 2020

La cultura mexicana ha sido caracterizada como un sistema pragmático con una tendencia predominantemente a la imagen positiva cuya función es quedar bien con el otro para satisfacer las necesidades del oyente de pertenencia a un grupo (Bravo, 1998;Curcó, 2007;Félix-Brasdefer, 2006,2009;Hernández Flores, 2009). Por lo tanto, esta es una cultura donde los enfrentamientos y las transgresiones se tratan de evitar para eludir problemas (Curcó y De Fina, 2002). La insistencia es un acto que comúnmente se lleva a cabo cuando se realiza un rechazo a un acto de habla. En este artículo, la insistencia se refiere a la repetición del acto de invitación u ofrecimiento que se origina a partir de un rechazo. Las estrategias de cortesía positiva (Brown y Levinson, 1987) han sido identificadas como una característica de la cultura mexicana, por lo que el rechazo y por consiguiente la insistencia podrían crear un conflicto debido a que el hablante utiliza actos de habla que amenazan la imagen positiva del oyente. De modo que una de las preocupaciones del hablante al interactuar es proteger la imagen positiva del otro y evitar la descortesía (Mugford, 2011), ya que, la descortesía se podría presentar al momento de percibir la insistencia como negativa. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la percepción de la insistencia en la cultura mexicana cuando se repite un ofrecimiento o una invitación para determinar si esta conducta lingüística es percibida como cortes o descortés. 80 estudiantes universitarios mexicanos participaron en 8 situaciones de “juego de roles” (que tomaron en cuenta el poder y la distancia social entre los interlocutores) y respondieron a una entrevista retrospectiva semi-estructurada para conocer las percepciones de la insistencia en estas situaciones. Los resultados obtenidos se analizaron con base en la conducta lingüística política vs. no política propuesta porWatts (2003)y con base en las normas socioculturales de México evidentes en cada situación. Estos hallazgos parecen indicar que la insistencia puede tener dos caras: cortés o descortés dependiendo de las variables contextuales.
Are online news comments like face-to-face conversation?
Authors: Ehret Katharina , Taboada Maite
Published: April 2020

This article focuses on the question of whether online news comments are like face-to-face conversation or not. It is a widespread view that online comments are like “dialogue”, with comments often being referred to as “conversations”. These assumptions, however, lack empirical back-up. In order to answer this question, we systematically explore register-relevant properties of online news comments using multi-dimensional analysis (MDA) techniques. Specifically, we apply MDA to establish what online comments are like by describing their linguistic features and comparing them to traditional registers (e.g. face-to-face conversation, academic writing). Thus, we tap theSFU Opinion and Comments Corpusand the Canadian component of theInternational Corpus of English. We show that online comments are not like spontaneous conversation but rather closer to opinion articles or exams, and clearly constitute a written register. Furthermore, they should be described as instances of argumentative evaluative language.
Differential regulation of BK channels by fragile X mental retardation protein
Authors: Kshatri Aravind , Cerrada Alejandro , Gimeno Roger , Bartolomé-Martín David , Rojas Patricio , Giraldez Teresa
Published: April 2020

Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP) is an RNA-binding protein prominently expressed in neurons. Missense mutations or complete loss of FMRP can potentially lead to fragile X syndrome, a common form of inherited intellectual disability. In addition to RNA regulation, FMRP was also proposed to modulate neuronal function by direct interaction with the large conductance Ca2+- and voltage-activated potassium channel (BK) β4 regulatory subunits (BKβ4). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying FMRP regulation of BK channels were not studied in detail. We have used electrophysiology and super-resolution stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (STORM) to characterize the effects of FMRP on pore-forming BKα subunits, as well as the association with regulatory subunits BKβ4. Our data indicate that, in the absence of coexpressed β4, FMRP alters the steady-state properties of BKα channels by decreasing channel activation and deactivation rates. Analysis using the Horrigan-Aldrich model revealed alterations in the parameters associated with channel opening (L0) and voltage sensor activation (J0). Interestingly, FMRP also altered the biophysical properties of BKαβ4 channels favoring channel opening, although not as dramatically as BKα. STORM experiments revealed clustered multi-protein complexes, consistent with FMRP interacting not only to BKαβ4 but also to BKα. Lastly, we found that a partial loss-of-function mutation in FMRP (R138Q) counteracts many of its functional effects on BKα and BKαβ4 channels. In summary, our data show that FMRP modulates the function of both BKα and BKαβ4 channels.
Effect of Enclosed Balcony on Indoor Thermal Environment of Rural Buildings in Qinba Mountain Area
Authors: Zhu Yiyun , Qiu Yanyan , Cui Xiaoling
Published: April 2020

Qinba mountain area, located in hot summer and cold winter areas, has special climatic conditions. Preliminary tests found that the balcony has a positive effect on improving the indoor thermal environment. The rural dwellings of Huguangying in Hanzhong were selected as the research object, and DesignBuilder was used to analyze the influence of balcony depth, shading measures and thermal parameters of transparent envelopment structure on the indoor thermal environment by adding enclosed balconies. The simulation results show that the average heat gain of the optimized balcony increased by about 4.6% in winter and decreased by about 7.3% in summer, among which, the temperature of the southward bedroom increased by about 2.0°C in winter, the temperature of the southward bedroom decreased by about 3.0°C in summer during the day and the temperature at night increased slightly. The results fully illustrate the thermal insulation effect of closed balcony and its applicability to improve indoor thermal environment in Qinba mountain.
Study on the Teaching Reform of Concrete Structural Design Principle under the Application-oriented Talents of Civil Engineering
Authors: Pan Chonggen , Chen Keyu , Shen Xinyuan , Liu Wei
Published: April 2020

Due to the issues of weak practical ability of students, ineffective curriculum teaching, this paper attempts to make a preliminary reform on concrete structural design principle course for undergraduate colleges based on the shortcomings of the course of concrete structural principle design: after reform, students will become as the main body of teaching link. Starting from the pathway of theory and practice and bring students into the lab and let them participate in scientific research activities to enrich their practice ability through optimizing the blackboard teaching pattern and introducing the new media supplementary teaching for enhancing the teaching efficiency. Our school also implemented the teaching activities of concrete structure design principle under the new mode for undergraduate students in 2015 and 2016. The students’ achievements and practical ability have been improved to a certain extent and good teaching results have been achieved. The authors try to provide some suggestions for the teaching reform of concrete structural design principle course in undergraduate colleges.
Numerical Simulation of the Shallow Water Tides in Bohai Sea
Authors: Liu Hao , Zhang Zhikang , Kang Hongxuan , Yin Baoshu
Published: April 2020

The Princeton Ocean Model (POM), a three-dimensional primitive equation ocean model, is used to reproduce the tidal mechanism in the Bohai Sea. Firstly, the model results are validated by examining the harmonic constants of four major tides at 11 tide gauges, and then the shallow water tides are further focused on. According to the model results, it is found that both M4 and MS4 tides propagate in the similar way, which is characterized by five tidal amphidromic systems in Bohai Sea, and four of them rotate anticlockwise while another one rotates clockwise. It is also found that the M6 tide shows seven amphidromic points in Bohai Sea, among which four rotate anticlockwise and three rotate clockwise. The model results also show that the amplitudes of three shallow water tides are relatively large in shallow coastal waters, which is closely related to generation mechanism of the shallow water tides.
Improvement and Application Analysis of Lake Water Body Tracking and Recognition Algorithm
Authors: Qu Huihui , Pei Liang , Sang Xuefeng
Published: April 2020

Basing on 30 years’ historical image data sources of Sanshan Lake between 1986 and 2017, this paper proposes a water body tracking and recognition algorithm according to the complex water area features of the lake and its branches to conduct the extraction of the historical water surface area and analysis on influence factors of Sanshan Lake. Comparing to conventional image extraction methods such as the region growing algorithm and the two-pass scanning method, this method shows its advantage of being fast and accurate. By analysing the water surface variation law of Sanshan Lake in 30 years and the influence factors, the area of Sanshan Lake is found to show a significant attenuation trend with the annual average attenuation rate reaches 0.98%; the water surface area weakly correlated with the precipitation change; the lake shore waterline line retreated 0.3- 10 meters in the 30 years; the pond and farmland area increased by 133%, indicating that the regulation of the lake water body is more affected by the lake shoreline dike and the Regulating capacity of gate pump.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Urban Architecture Design by Ecological Geography Environment
Authors: Wu Yebei
Published: April 2020

With the continuous expansion of the urban population and the improvement of people’s living standards, urban architecture plays more and more important role on the people`s life and cities` development. Many scholars have emphasized the importance of the surrounding environment during design the buildings. However, there are few researches about the effect of the natural geographical factors on the construction design. How to integrate modern urban buildings with the natural geography environments, and suit measures to local conditions remains a problem. Therefore, this study analyzed the principle of ecological and geographical environment affecting the urban construction design and security measurements to provide more comprehensive understanding of the interaction between the natural geography and construction design. And then we took Beijing as an example to give some constructive suggestions for its future building design. Meanwhile, this study also focuses on the future changes of geographical environment to improve the utilization of geographical environment and design efficiency.
Analysis of Factors Affecting Permeability of Cement-bentonite Mud Impervious Wall
Authors: Su Shengxi , Ding Jihui , Zhang Tianyu , You Kaikai , Gan Yu , Yan Meng , Feng Zhongmin
Published: April 2020

The permeability coefficient of the cement-bentonite mud anti-seepage wall is measured by triaxial permeability test (100kPa confining pressure 80kPa osmotic pressure), variable head permeability test and one-dimensional consolidation test (100kPa consolidation pressure). Under the conditions of different indoor mixing proportions, the effects of water-cement ratio, water bentonite ratio, curing age, and a small amount of silty clay soil on the permeability of the impervious wall were studied. The test results show that: (1) The average value of the ratio of the permeability coefficient of the variable head test and the triaxial permeability test is 16.75 and 16.73 at the age of 28d and 60d, respectively, and the coefficient of variation is 0.27 and 0.35, respectively; The average value of the ratio of the permeability coefficient of the one-dimensional consolidation test and the triaxial permeability test was 1.20 and 1.21 at the age of 28d and 60d, respectively, and the coefficients of variation were 0.24 and 0.17, respectively. (2) When the water-cement ratio is between 5.88 and 3.85 and the water-bentonite ratio is between 7.14 and 3.85, the permeability coefficient decreases significantly with the increase of age. The ratio of the permeability coefficients at 60d and 28d in age is not significant depending on the test method. (3) When the water-cement ratio and water-bentonite ratio in the mud are certain, the silty clay is blended, and the water-soil ratio decreases from 50 to 10, and the permeability coefficient decreases linearly.
Monitoring and Analysis of Deformation of a Foundation Pit in Lanzhou
Authors: Di Wenjuan
Published: April 2020

As the distance between the foundation pit and the buildings is getting closer, the impact of the foundation pit project on the surrounding environment can not be ignored. The understanding of deformation monitoring needs to be deepened, not only the foundation pit should be monitored, but also the adjacent buildings. Should be monitored. Therefore, taking a foundation pit project as an example, the deformation of surrounding buildings is considered in the foundation pit engineering monitoring project. By processing the measured data, analyzing the deformation of the foundation pit and surrounding buildings, and the deformation is gradually reduced and the deformation is under control.
Numerical Simulation for Safety Zone Evolution in Complex Flow Field under Biochemical Attack Scenarios
Authors: Xv Jiawen
Published: April 2020

Fast construction of safety zone has been long desired in the context of chemical attack. In this paper, we propose the use of flow-field control coupled with the decontamination agent technology to minimize the harm and construct the safety zone based on computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. Aiming at two typical environmental modes, CFD simulations provide great accuracy and more details about distribution of concentration, as well as velocity in spatiotemporal scales. Corresponding experiments are provided for validations. Results reveal the presence of coherent correlation between the airflow state and the evolution of safety zone, which is of great value for the safe design of ventilation system. We hope this work brings inspiration in chemical attack scenarios to reduce casualties.
Micro Terrain Construction of Service Facilities along the Expressway
Authors: Qiang Rongrong , Liu Zhiqiang , Wang Dan , Jiang Haifeng , Shang Xiaodong , Liang Tianwen
Published: April 2020

The service facilities along the expressway are designed to meet the needs of drivers and passengers, which is directly related to the convenient travel of the general public. In order to break through the rigid construction mode of expressway service facilities, this paper analyses the micro terrain design and construction of different types of expressway service facilities, and discusses the micro terrain construction of expressway service facilities, so as to improve the view of the landscape and the sense of physical and mental pleasure of the drivers, passengers and service personnel, eliminate security risks and improve service efficiency.
A Device Design of Special Signs for the Elderly in Scenic Area
Authors: Liu Zuhan , Liu Shuangqing , Wang Lei , Gui Faliang , Zhou Zuofang , Ye Jun
Published: April 2020

In this paper, a device design of special signs for the elderly was designed in scenic area, which included the baffle, indicator board and base. The arrow pointing on the device can provide clear indications for the elderly both during the day and at night, the bulb can be illuminated for the elderly at night, the light emitting diode (LED) display can provide real-time weather for the scenic spot, the blood pressure gauge in the body test box and the infrared blood glucose The meter can measure blood pressure and blood sugar for the elderly to avoid accidents. Designed for the elderly, this device not only has the function of general scenic signs, but also can be clearly seen at night. At the same time, detailed voice explanations and stools are provided for the elderly to facilitate travel for the elderly.
Well Pattern Modification and Injection-production Optimization for Extra-high Water Cut Oilfield
Authors: Sun Renyuan , Chen Yu , Huang Yingsong , Cao Gang , Huang Aixian , Liu Lijie , Liu Zhihong
Published: April 2020

The extra-high water cut stage is still an important stage of oil production. In order to develop the oilfield in this stage, a reservoir model was established using the geological and production history data of a block in Shengli Oilfield. Based on the history matching result, the numerical reservoir simulation of the modification was carried out from row injection well pattern to different well patterns. On the basis of residual oil distribution, balanced injection-production and formation pressure distribution, the optimal well pattern for this block was optimized. The well spacing for different well pattern was also simulated. The optimal well spacing was determined by the net present value (NPV) method, and the timing of well pattern modification was determined by the relationship between NPV peak and water cut. Latin hypercube sampling method was used to design the injection-production parameter schemes. The optimal injection and production parameters range of row and nine point well pattern was determined respectively. This research results can be used for reference in the development and adjustment of similar oilfields in the extra-high water cut period.
The Impact of Food Safety Standards on Agro-food Exports to Belt and Road Countries
Authors: Li Huijuan
Published: April 2020

This paper explores the effects of mandatory standards and voluntary standards on China exports of agriculture goods to the Belt and Road(B&R for short) countries from the perspective of the stocks of China’s food standards. The panel dataset covers four products from 2002 to 2015 based on the International Classification of Standards (ICS). The empirical results generally indicate that China’s mandatory national standards have negative effects on its exports to B&R countries. Given the lag effect of standards, one-year lagged standard variables are included in the model specification, and the estimates of these one-year lagged standards show that one-year lagged standards have positive and significant impacts on China’s export performance to the region, except for one-year lagged voluntary national standards, which are insignificant statistically. In addition, this paper investigates the effects of standards on the exports of specific product groups to the region, and finds out different effects of standards for different product groups.
Econometric Analysis and Policy Suggestions on the Influencing Factors of Vegetable Industry Development in Maoming
Authors: Xu Yanli , Liu Yihui
Published: April 2020

Vegetables are one of the most important foods in people’s daily lives. It plays an important role in improving people’s living standards, resettling rural labor, increasing farmers’ income, and increasing foreign exchange. In order to promote the development of Maoming’s vegetable industry, this paper uses econometric methods to carry out a quantitative analysis of the influencing factors of Maoming’s vegetable industry development. In this paper, Maoming’s vegetable operating income is used as the explained variable and several influencing factors are used as the explanatory variables to establish a multiple linear regression model. The data from 1998 to 2012 were used for regression, and the model was tested for economic significance, statistical test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, and autocorrelation test. The regression results show that: Maoming’s vegetable operating income has a positive correlation with rural households’ per capita net income, per capita cargo transportation volume, and per capita retail sales of consumer goods. Therefore, in order to promote the development of Maoming’s vegetable industry, we should vigorously increase farmers’ income, increase consumption, and increase the volume of goods transported.
Paths and Countermeasures of Information Technology in Underdeveloped Areas to Improve Technological Innovation Efficiency of Enterprises
Authors: Liu Rixing
Published: April 2020

In the context of the information economy era, China’s economy has entered a new normal. Underdeveloped regions are facing industrial undertakings and industrial upgrading. Enterprise innovation capabilities are the key factors for industrial upgrading. In view of this, this article first have analyzed the problem of information technology to improve the efficiency of technological innovation in underdeveloped areas, used Eviews8.0 to empirically analyze the influencing factors of information technology to improve the efficiency of technological innovation in enterprises, and finally used Deap2.1 software to analyze the information technology improve the efficiency of technological innovation in enterprises. The two empirical results unanimously show that in China’s underdeveloped regions, information technology has not been closely integrated with local human capital, and information technology has generally been inefficient or inefficient in improving enterprise innovation efficiency. It is necessary to strengthen the construction of information technology infrastructure in underdeveloped regions, andmake some measures to improve local information technology level and communication capacity. Strengthening education investment and training is to enhance the level of human capital accumulation, and with policy guidance to enable the majority of workers to use information technology, it can improve work skills and actively engage in technological innovation activities.
Numerical Study on Modified Serpentine Flow Fields Effect on Characteristics of PEMFC Water and Gas Transportation
Authors: Yan Hanzhang , Quan Wenxiang , Du Jianrong , Li Huizi , Wan Zhongmin , Chen Xi , Huang Taiming , Zhang Yan
Published: April 2020

The mass transport properties of fuel cells mainly determined by the flow field structure. Therefore, it is an effective method to improve the running condition and performance of the cell by improving the flow field structure. In this paper, a modified serpentine channel with gradient channel depth and trapezoidal section shape is proposed. The new flow field and the traditional serpentine flow field are solved numerically, the numerical results reveals that compared with the other one the new flow field have a more uniform concentration of reactants, and the water generation in the reflection area is lower due to the high channel pressure. Through the optimizing the flow field the fuel cell have a 23% performance improvement.
Characteristics and Optimization of Anaerobic Digestion of Tea Waste for Biogas Production
Authors: Zhang Huijun , Xiong Xuanrui , Zhou Jieya , Huang Yunzhu
Published: April 2020

The tea residue from the production of beverage tea is used as anaerobic fermentation biogas production material. The anaerobic fermentation biogas-production experiment is conducted at an intermediate temperature of 35°C, and the biogas potential of the tea residue is reviewed. Using orthogonal experiment method, the effects of temperature, moisture and inoculation rate on the degradation property of tea residue are studied by designing L9 (33) experiment with 3 factors and 3 levels. The primary and secondary review factors and the optimum process conditions are determined. The experimental results show that: the cumulative biogas production after tea residue’s anaerobic fermentation for 40 days is 5270 ml, and the biogas production rate is 658 ml.g-1TS; methane production rate is 227.7 CH4-ml/g-ts. Orthogonal experimental results show that the optimum process conditions are 85% moisture content, 55°C for temperature, and inoculation rate is 20%. The highest TS degradation rate is 45.3%, the VS degradation rate is 61.52%.
Overview of Flow Improvers for Crude Oil Production in China
Authors: Zhang Fusheng , Shan Dalong , Liu Guoliang , Li Xuening , Sun Jianghe
Published: April 2020

The production of crude oil has three stages: formation drive, wellbore lifting, and pipeline transportation. This paper summarizes the application effects of flow improvers within several long-distance pipelines in China. The effects of oil- and water-soluble viscosity reducers on lower- and higher-viscosity heavy oils, respectively, and their effects in the wellbore-lifting process are outlined. Further, the technical difficulties and potential solutions associated with driving heavy oil are discussed. This paper has reference value for researchers conducting studies on flow improvers.
US New Energy Policy in the New Century
Authors: Qian Xuming
Published: April 2020

In the 21st century, the US government has passed a series of laws and regulations on energy, strengthening the domestic supply of energy and reducing its dependence on international energy supply. The US government uses legal instruments and fiscal and taxation levers to promote energy conservation. It vigorously develops renewable energy, researches on substitute energy, and invests on clean energy such as natural gas and nuclear energy, to create a diversified energy landscape. It has a profound impact on global new energy and its industries, international energy supply, and the world’s environmental protection industry.