bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promise not fulfilled: FinTech, data privacy, and the GDPR
Authors: Dorfleitner Gregor , Hornuf Lars , Kreppmeier Julia
Published: July 2023

This article analyzes how the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) has affected the privacy practices of FinTech firms. We study the content of 276 privacy statements respectively before and after the GDPR became binding. Using text analysis methods, we find that the readability of the privacy statements has decreased. The texts of privacy statements have become longer and use more standardized language, resulting in worse user comprehension. This calls into question whether the GDPR has achieved its original goal—the protection of natural persons regarding the transparent processing of personal data. We also link the content of the privacy statements to FinTech-specific determinants. Before the GDPR became binding, more external investors and a higher legal capital were related to a higher quantity of data processed and more transparency, but not thereafter. Finally, we document mimicking behavior among FinTech industry peers with regard to the data processed and transparency.
The Christian Countercult Movement
Authors: Cowan Douglas E.
Published: July 2023

Many seemingly strange questions on yoga, salvation, religious pluralism, and so forth have been actively debated among members of a small but influential group of evangelical apologists known as the Christian countercult movement. This Element explores the history of this movement from its origins in the anti-heresy writings of the early church to its modern development as a reaction to religious pluralism in North America. It contrasts the apologetic Christian countercult movement with its secular anticult counterpart and explains how faith-based opposition both to new religious movements and to non-Christian religions will only deepen as religious pluralism increases. It provides a concise understanding of the two principal goals of Christian countercult apologetics: support for the evangelization of non-Christian believers and maintenance for the perceived superiority of the evangelical Christian worldview.
Crystal structure and X-ray powder diffraction data of barium copper iodate Ba2Cu(IO3)6
Authors: Xu Xiang , Liu Chongxin , Wu Kang , Chen Hongxiang
Published: July 2023

X-ray powder diffraction data, unit-cell parameters, and space group for the barium copper iodate, Ba2Cu(IO3)6, are reported [a = 7.48540(15) Å, b = 7.51753(19) Å, c = 7.64259(17) Å, α = 98.8823(7)°, β = 95.0749(7)°, γ = 97.6297(7)°, V = 418.528(9) Å3, Z = 1, and space group P$\bar{1}$]. All measured lines are indexed and are consistent with the corresponding space group. The single-crystal diffraction data of Ba2Cu(IO3)6 are also reported [a = 7.493(3) Å, b = 7.521(6) Å, c = 7.644(5) Å, α = 98.855(18)°, β = 95.060(16)°, γ = 97.62(2)°, V = 419.3(5) Å3, Z = 1, and space group P$\bar{1}$]. The crystal structure of Ba2Cu(IO3)6 features isolated [Cu(IO3)6]4− anionic clusters separated by Ba2+ cations. The experimental powder diffraction pattern matches well with the simulated pattern derived from the single crystal data.
Scientific evidence of foods that improve the lifespan and healthspan of different organisms
Authors: Park So-Hyun , Lee Da-Hye , Lee Dae-Hee , Jung Chang Hwa
Published: July 2023

Age is a risk factor for numerous diseases. Although the development of modern medicine has greatly extended the human lifespan, the duration of relatively healthy old age, or ‘healthspan’, has not increased. Targeting the detrimental processes that can occur before the onset of age-related diseases can greatly improve health and lifespan. Healthspan is significantly affected by what, when and how much one eats. Dietary restriction, including calorie restriction, fasting or fasting-mimicking diets, to extend both lifespan and healthspan has recently attracted much attention. However, direct scientific evidence that consuming specific foods extends the lifespan and healthspan seems lacking. Here, we synthesized the results of recent studies on the lifespan and healthspan extension properties of foods and their phytochemicals in various organisms to confirm how far the scientific research on the effect of food on the lifespan has reached.
The Glacier‐Climate Interaction Over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Surroundings During the Last Glacial Maximum
Authors: Wei Qiang , Liu Yonggang , Yan Qing , Yao Tandong , Wang Miao , Huang Han , Hu Yongyun
Published: July 2023

Glacier growth affects the local climate, and in turn, can either promote or prohibit its own growth. Such feedback has not been considered in modeling the glaciers of the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings (TPS) during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM; ∼28–23 ka). We find that the volume/area of the glaciers simulated by a coupled glacier‐climate model is 20%/10% less than that by a standalone glacier model forced with fixed climate fields; glaciers advance toward their western rims and yet decrease in the interior of TPS. Such changes in spatial patterns improve model‐data comparison. Moreover, the expansion of glaciers warms the winter surface temperature of the eastern TPS and decreases precipitation almost everywhere. These effects are primarily due to the added surface elevation, which blocks the water vapor brought by westerlies and south‐westerlies, reducing precipitation and increasing surface temperatures to the east and northeast of the newly grown glaciers.
Fast Plasma Drifts in the High Latitude Ionosphere
Authors: Laakso Harri , Pfaff Robert
Published: July 2023

We have identified over 200 fast plasma drift events (>5 km/s) in the high‐latitude ionosphere, as measured by the electric field double probe on the Dynamics Explorer‐2 satellite during its 18 months lifetime from August 1981 to February 1983. Although these drifts can appear at all local time sectors, they are most common on the dawnside and in the pre‐midnight sector. The fast plasma drifts generally occur between 64° and 82° inv.lat. although they sometimes appear below 55° inv.lat. in the pre‐midnight sector, in which case they appear associated with a phenomenon often referred to as sub‐auroral ion drifts. For increasing Auroral Electrojet index, their occurrence rate increases and their latitudinal locations move equatorward. The observed events last between 0.1 and 60 s, corresponding to (north‐south) widths of 1–500 km along the satellite trajectory. The observations show a seasonal dependence such that the faster drifts tend to occur over the dark (winter) hemisphere.
Persistent thinness and anorexia nervosa differ on a genomic level
Authors: Hübel Christopher , Abdulkadir Mohamed , Herle Moritz , Palmos Alish B. , Loos Ruth J. F. , Breen Gerome , Micali Nadia , Bulik Cynthia M.
Published: July 2023

Thinness and anorexia nervosa are both characterised by persistent low weight. Individuals with anorexia nervosa concurrently report distorted perceptions of their body and engage in weight-loss behaviours, whereas individuals with thinness often wish to gain weight. Both conditions are heritable and share genomics with BMI, but are not genetically correlated with each other. Based on their pattern of genetic associations with other traits, we explored differences between thinness and anorexia nervosa on a genomic level. In Part 1, using publicly available data, we compared genetic correlations of persistent thinness/anorexia nervosa with eleven psychiatric disorders. In Part 2, we identified individuals with adolescent persistent thinness in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) by latent class growth analysis of measured BMI from 10 to 24 years (n = 6594) and evaluated associations with psychiatric and anthropometric polygenic scores. In Part 1, in contrast to the positive genetic correlations of anorexia nervosa with various psychiatric disorders, persistent thinness showed negative genetic correlations with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (rgAN = 0.08 vs. rgPT = −0.30), alcohol dependence (rgAN = 0.07 vs. rgPT = −0.44), major depressive disorder (rgAN = 0.27 vs. rgPT = −0.18) and post-traumatic stress disorder (rgAN = 0.26 vs. rgPT = −0.20). In Part 2, individuals with adolescent persistent thinness in the ALSPAC had lower borderline personality disorder polygenic scores (OR = 0.77; Q = 0.01). Overall, results suggest that genetic variants associated with thinness are negatively associated with psychiatric disorders and therefore thinness may be differentiable from anorexia nervosa on a genomic level.
An adaptive behavioral control motif mediated by cortical axo-axonic inhibition
Authors: Jung Kanghoon , Chang Minhyeok , Steinecke André , Burke Benjamin , Choi Youngjin , Oisi Yasuhiro , Fitzpatrick David , Taniguchi Hiroki , Kwon Hyung-Bae
Published: July 2023

Genetically defined subgroups of inhibitory interneurons are thought to play distinct roles in learning, but heterogeneity within these subgroups has limited our understanding of the scope and nature of their specific contributions. Here we reveal that the chandelier cell (ChC), an interneuron type that specializes in inhibiting the axon-initial segment (AIS) of pyramidal neurons, establishes cortical microcircuits for organizing neural coding through selective axo-axonic synaptic plasticity. We found that organized motor control is mediated by enhanced population coding of direction-tuned premotor neurons, with tuning refined through suppression of irrelevant neuronal activity. ChCs contribute to learning-dependent refinements by providing selective inhibitory control over individual pyramidal neurons rather than global suppression. Quantitative analysis of structural plasticity across axo-axonic synapses revealed that ChCs redistributed inhibitory weights to individual pyramidal neurons during learning. These results demonstrate an adaptive logic of the inhibitory circuit motif responsible for organizing distributed neural representations. Thus, ChCs permit efficient cortical computation in a targeted cell-specific manner.
Catalytic pyrolysis of waste polypropylene using low-cost natural catalysts
Authors: Eldahshory A. I. , Emara Karim , Abd-Elhady M. S. , Ismail M. A.
Published: July 2023

The objective of this research is to produce oil from the catalytic pyrolysis of waste polypropylene (WPP) using a low-cost natural catalyst. Three natural catalysts were examined, i.e. Kaolin, Hematite, and white sand. Different catalyst-to-plastic ratios were examined, i.e. 1:1, 1:2, 1:4, 1:6, and 1:8. The utilized catalysts were elementally analyzed using the XRF analysis and the surface area was analyzed by the BET multi-point method. The WPP thermal degradation behavior was investigated by the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), then the generated liquid oil was analyzed using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal cracking without a catalyst produced a yield of 70 wt% of liquid oil, and the maximum oil yield in case of using Hematite and white sand as a catalysts were 70 wt% and 68 wt%, respectively. However, the ratio of 1:2 of the Kaolin to the WPP produced the highest oil yield of 80.75 wt%, and the ratio of 1:8 of the white sand to the WPP produced the highest gas yield, i.e. 44 wt%. Using Kaolin in the catalytic pyrolysis of WPP produced oil with the lowest percentage of heavy oils, i.e. 25.98%, and the highest percentage of light oils, which is 25.37%, when compared to other catalysts such as Hematite and white sand. Kaolin has the lowest cost of oil production compared to Hematite and white sand, which is 0.28 $/kg of oil. Kaolin is an economical catalyst that improves the quality, as well as the quantity of the produced oil in comparison to Hematite, white sand and the non-catalytic case.
A clustering-based competitive particle swarm optimization with grid ranking for multi-objective optimization problems
Authors: Ye Qianlin , Wang Zheng , Zhao Yanwei , Dai Rui , Wu Fei , Yu Mengjiao
Published: July 2023

The goal of the multi-objective optimization algorithm is to quickly and accurately find a set of trade-off solutions. This paper develops a clustering-based competitive multi-objective particle swarm optimizer using the enhanced grid for solving multi-objective optimization problems, named EGC-CMOPSO. The enhanced grid mechanism involved in EGC-CMOPSO is designed to locate superior Pareto optimal solutions. Subsequently, a hierarchical-based clustering is established on the grid for improving the accuracy rate of the grid selection. Due to the adaptive division of clustering centers, EGC-CMOPSO is applicable for solving MOPs with various Pareto front (PF) shapes. Particularly, the inferior solutions are discarded and the leading particles are identified by the comprehensive ranking of particles in each cluster. Finally, the selected leading particles compete against each other, and the winner guides the update of the current particle. The proposed EGC-CMOPSO and the eight latest multi-objective optimization algorithms are performed on 21 test problems. The experimental results validate that the proposed EGC-CMOPSO is capable of handling multi-objective optimization problems (MOPs) and obtaining superior performance on both convergence and diversity.
Nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) alleviates the poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory response in human primary cell cultures
Authors: Sano Hitomi , Kratz Anton , Nishino Taiko , Imamura Haruna , Yoshida Yuki , Shimizu Noriaki , Kitano Hiroaki , Yachie Ayako
Published: July 2023

NMN is the direct precursor of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and is considered as a key factor for increasing NAD+ levels and mitochondrial activity in cells. In this study, based on transcriptome analysis, we showed that NMN alleviates the poly(I:C)-induced inflammatory response in cultures of two types of human primary cells, human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMECs) and human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). Major inflammatory mediators, includingIL6and PARP family members, were grouped into coexpressed gene modules and significantly downregulated under NMN exposure in poly(I:C)-activated conditions in both cell types. The Bayesian network analysis of module hub genes predicted common genes, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4B (EIF4B), and distinct genes, such as platelet-derived growth factor binding molecules, in HCAECs, which potentially regulate the identified inflammation modules. These results suggest a robust regulatory mechanism by which NMN alleviates inflammatory pathway activation, which may open up the possibility of a new role for NMN replenishment in the treatment of chronic or acute inflammation.
Detection of heavy metal contamination in Batlama Stream (Turkiye) and the potential toxicity profile
Authors: Altunkaynak Fikriye , Çavuşoğlu Kültiğin , Yalçin Emine
Published: July 2023

In this study, heavy metal pollution in Batlama stream flowing into the Black Sea from Giresun (Turkiye) province and the toxicity induced by this pollution were investigated by Allium test. Heavy metal concentrations in stream water were analyzed by using ICP-MS. Germination percentage, weight gain, root length, micronucleus (MN), mitotic index (MI), chromosomal abnormalities (CAs), proline, chlorophyll, malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidant enzyme activities were used as indicators of physiological, cytogenetic and biochemical toxicity. In addition, Comet assay was performed for detecting DNA fragmentation. Anatomical changes caused by heavy metals in the root meristem cells were observed under the microscope. A. cepa bulbs are divided into two groups as control and treatment. The bulbs in the control group were germinated with tap water and the bulbs in the treatment group were germinated with stream water. As a result, heavy metals such as Al, Ti and Co and radioactive heavy metals such as Rb, Sr, Sb and Ba were detected in the stream water above the acceptable parametric values. Heavy metals in the water caused a decrease in germination, root elongation, weight gain, MI and chlorophyll values, and an increase in MDA, proline, SOD, CAT, MN and CAs values. Comet assays indicated the presence of severe DNA damage. In addition, heavy metals in stream water caused different types of CAs and anatomical damage in root meristem cells. As a result, it was determined that there is intense heavy metal pollution in the stream water and this pollution promotes multi-dimensional toxicity in A. cepa, which is an indicator organism. For this reason, the first priority should be to prevent pollution of water resources in order to prevent heavy metal-induced toxicity in water.
Influence of ventilatory parameters on the concentration of exhaled volatile organic compounds in mechanically ventilated patients
Authors: Romano Andrea , Fehervari Matyas , Boshier Piers R.
Published: July 2023

Online breath monitoring performed in mechanically ventilated patients provides information for breath sampling guidelines to be employed on awake patients.
A large Stokes shift NIR fluorescent probe for visual monitoring of mitochondrial peroxynitrite during inflammation and ferroptosis and in an Alzheimer's disease model
Authors: Chen Shiying , Huang Wei , Tan Hongli , Yin Guoxing , Chen Shengyou , Zhao Kuicheng , Huang Yinghui , Zhang Youyu , Li Haitao , Wu Cuiyan
Published: July 2023

A mitochondria-targeted near-infrared fluorescent probe was developed for selective and sensitive detection of ONOO− both in vitro and in vivo.
A sensitive ratiometric fluorescence probe with a large spectral shift for sensing and imaging of palladium
Authors: Jian Yue , Li Hongyu , Luo Xue , An Yan , Yang Mingyan , Gao Jie , Luo Junjun , Li Xinmin , Lv Jiajia , Yuan Zeli
Published: July 2023

A ratiometric fluorescence probe for Pd0 with high sensitivity and a large spectral shift response was developed and applied for detection of Pd0 in environmental or biological samples.
Regulating buried interface properties and alleviating micro-strain of crystals for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Xu Shendong , Liu Guozhen , Zheng Haiying , Tao Yuli , Zhang Hui , Zhang Liying , Zhu Liangzheng , Ye Jiajiu , Li Jinfeng , Pan Xu
Published: July 2023

Pseudo-halide ammonium salts were used to regulate the properties of the buried interface in the n–i–p perovskite solar cells, especially to improve the crystallization process of perovskite films and alleviate micro-strain.
Iodine-catalyzed three-component annulation: access to highly fluorescent trisubstituted thiophenes
Authors: Rajkumar Deepan Babu , Gnanaoli Karthiyayini , Puhazhendhi Arulmozhi , Arunachalam Tamilselvi , Nagarajan Subbiah , Sridharan Vellaisamy , Sivalingam Soumya , Maheswari C. Uma
Published: July 2023

Tri-substituted thiophenes were obtained via I2-catalyzed, base-promoted annulation of readily available precursors and elemental sulfur. These compounds possess excellent photophysical properties like solvatochromism and solid-state fluorescence.
Selective adsorption of dihydrogen isotopes on DUT-8 (Ni,Co) monitored by in situ electron paramagnetic resonance
Authors: Lukman Muhammad Fernadi , Mendt Matthias , Bon Volodymyr , Kaskel Stefan , Pöppl Andreas
Published: July 2023

The in situ continuous wave electron paramagnetic resonance method was able to follow the dihydrogen isotope-selective opening on the DUT-8(Ni,Co) framework.
Effect of remote substituents and coordination anions on the magnetic properties of Co(ii) dimer complexes
Authors: Luo Tong-Kai , Zhong Xiang , Zhang Qing-Yun , Chen Xiao-Feng , Xu Hui , Peng Yan , Liu Sui-Jun , Hu Zhao-Bo , Wen He-Rui
Published: July 2023

Four related dinuclear Co(ii) complexes based on symmetric Schiff base ligands were synthesized and characterized. Magnetic studies indicate that remote substituents of the ligands and the coordination anions have no significant effect.
Superhard bulk C4N3 compounds with metal-free magnetism assembled from two-dimensional C4N3: a first-principles study
Authors: Wu Haiping , Li Yuelin , Qian Yan , Kan Erjun
Published: July 2023

Enriching the electronic properties of superhard materials is very important to extend their applications, and some superhard materials with metallic or superconducting characteristics have been designed via theoretical or experimental methods.
Insights into the mechanism of the solvolysis of propylene oxide over titanium silicalite-1: a theoretical study
Authors: Qin Qiaoyun , Liu Hongxia , Guo Yanke , Wang Baohe , Zhu Jing , Ma Jing
Published: July 2023

The activity of PO solvolysis is closely related to the ring-opening ability of active substances.
Natural orbitals and two-particle correlators as tools for the analysis of effective exchange couplings in solids
Authors: Pokhilko Pavel , Zgid Dominika
Published: July 2023

Using generalizations of spin-averaged natural orbitals and two-particle charge correlators for solids, we investigate the electronic structure of antiferromagnetic transition-metal oxides with a fully self-consistent, imaginary-time GW method.
Accumulation and ordering of P3HT oligomers at the liquid–vapor interface with implications for thin-film morphology
Authors: Sowa Jakub K. , Allen Thomas C. , Rossky Peter J.
Published: July 2023

MD simulations evidence accumulation and ordering of P3HT polymers at a solution–vapor interface during drying.
First-principles spectroscopy of aqueous interfaces using machine-learned electronic and quantum nuclear effects
Authors: Kapil Venkat , Kovács Dávid Péter , Csányi Gábor , Michaelides Angelos
Published: July 2023

We predict the quantum vibrational spectra of complex aqueous interfaces. We learn potentials that encode the quantum nuclear effects and physics-based models of dielectric responses, reducing quantum dynamics to classical molecular dynamics.
Quantitative analysis of CO2 emissions reduction potential of alternative light olefins production processes
Authors: Flores-Granobles Marian , Saeys Mark
Published: July 2023

Steam cracking with electrical furnaces avoids combustion-related CO2 emissions using approximately 3 MWh/t olefins while alternative CO2-based olefins production achieves larger CO2 emissions reductions but requires five times more electricity
The mechanisms of class 1A PI3K and Wnt/β-catenin coupled signaling in breast cancer
Authors: Rodgers Samuel J. , Mitchell Christina A. , Ooms Lisa M.
Published: July 2023

The class IA PI3K signaling pathway is activated by growth factor stimulation and regulates a signaling cascade that promotes diverse events including cell growth, proliferation, migration and metabolism. PI3K signaling is one of the most commonly hyperactivated pathways in breast cancer, leading to increased tumor growth and progression. PI3K hyperactivation occurs via a number of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms including mutation or amplification of PIK3CA, the gene encoding the p110α subunit of PI3Kα, as well as via dysregulation of the upstream growth factor receptors or downstream signaling effectors. Over the past decade, extensive efforts to develop therapeutics that suppress oncogenic PI3K signaling have been undertaken. Although FDA-approved PI3K inhibitors are now emerging, their clinical success remains limited due to adverse effects and negative feedback mechanisms which contribute to their reduced efficacy. There is an emerging body of evidence demonstrating crosstalk between the PI3K and Wnt/β-catenin pathways in breast cancer. However, PI3K exhibits opposing effects on Wnt/β-catenin signaling in distinct tumor subsets, whereby PI3K promotes Wnt/β-catenin activation in ER+ cancers, but paradoxically suppresses this pathway in ER− breast cancers. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms for PI3K–Wnt crosstalk in breast cancer, and how Wnt-targeted therapies have the potential to contribute to treatment regimens for breast cancers with PI3K dysregulation.
Secure medical image transmission using deep neural network in e‐health applications
Authors: Alarood Ala Abdulsalam , Faheem Muhammad , Al‐Khasawneh Mahmoud Ahmad , Alzahrani Abdullah I. A. , Alshdadi Abdulrahman A.
Published: July 2023

Recently, medical technologies have developed, and the diagnosis of diseases through medical images has become very important. Medical images often pass through the branches of the network from one end to the other. Hence, high‐level security is required. Problems arise due to unauthorized use of data in the image. One of the methods used to secure data in the image is encryption, which is one of the most effective techniques in this field. Confusion and diffusion are the two main steps addressed here. The contribution here is the adaptation of the deep neural network by the weight that has the highest impact on the output, whether it is an intermediate output or a semi‐final output in additional to a chaotic system that is not detectable using deep neural network algorithm. The colour and grayscale images were used in the proposed method by dividing the images according to the Region of Interest by the deep neural network algorithm. The algorithm was then used to generate random numbers to randomly create a chaotic system based on the replacement of columns and rows, and randomly distribute the pixels on the designated area. The proposed algorithm evaluated in several ways, and compared with the existing methods to prove the worth of the proposed method.
Risk‐averse optimal operation of an on‐grid photovoltaic/battery/diesel generator hybrid energy system using information gap decision theory
Authors: Poorseyed Seyed Mojtaba , Askarzadeh Alireza
Published: July 2023

This paper focuses on risk‐averse‐based optimal operation of a grid‐connected hybrid energy system (HES) composed of photovoltaic (PV), diesel generator, and battery storage system (BSS). For this goal, information gap decision theory (IGDT) is used to model load demand uncertainty. The aim of the optimal operation is to minimize cost of PV/diesel/BSS by optimal determination of the power purchased from the electricity grid. Since in the risk‐averse strategy, load demand has an undesirable impact on the objective function, the decision maker attempts to maximize the uncertainty radius in a way that any deviation of the uncertain parameter leads to an objective function value which is not worse than the critical value. Over the case studies (considering different radiations), simulation results indicate that in the risk‐neutral strategy, at high, medium, and low radiations, the operation cost is 28.88, 36.10, and 42.63$, respectively. In the risk‐averse strategy, when the radiation is high, by increase of the deviation factor from 0.1 to 0.25, the optimal uncertainty radius increases from 6.98% to 15.72% (increase of around 125%) and the operation cost increases from 31.768 to 36.101$. When the radiation is low, by increase of the deviation factor from 0.1 to 0.25, the uncertainty radius increases from 8.64% to 16.9% (increase of around 96%) and the operation cost increases from 46.895 to 53.291$.
The AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies
Authors: Sánchez-Alarcón P. M. , Román J. , Knapen J. H. , Verdes-Montenegro L. , Comerón S. , Rich R. M. , Beckman J. E. , Argudo-Fernández M. , Ramírez-Moreta P. , Blasco J. , Unda-Sanzana E. , Garrido J. , Sánchez-Exposito S.
Published: July 2023

Context.In the standard cosmological model of galaxy evolution, mergers and interactions play a fundamental role in shaping galaxies. Galaxies that are currently isolated are thus interesting because they allow us to distinguish between internal and external processes that affect the galactic structure. However, current observational limits may obscure crucial information in the low-mass or low-brightness regime.

Aims.We use optical imaging of a subsample of the AMIGA catalogue of isolated galaxies to explore the impact of different factors on the structure of these galaxies. In particular, we study the type of disc break as a function of the degree of isolation and the presence of interaction indicators such as tidal streams or plumes, which are only detectable in the ultra-low surface brightness regime.

Methods.We present ultra-deep optical imaging in therband of a sample of 25 low-redshift (z < 0.035) isolated galaxies. Through careful data processing and analysis techniques, the nominal surface brightness limits achieved are comparable to those to be obtained on the ten-year LSST coadds (μr,lim≳ 29.5 mag arcsec−2[3σ; 10″ × 10″]). We place special emphasis on preserving the low surface brightness features throughout the processing.

Results.The extreme depth of our imaging allows us to study the interaction signatures of 20 galaxies since Galactic cirrus is a strong limiting factor in the characterisation of interactions for the remaining 5 of them. We detect previously unreported interaction features in 8 (40% ± 14%) galaxies in our sample. We identify 9 galaxies (36% ± 10%) with an exponential disc (Type I), 14 galaxies (56% ± 10%) with a down-bending (Type II) profile, and only 2 galaxies (8% ± 5%) with up-bending (Type III) profiles. Isolated galaxies have considerably more purely exponential discs and fewer up-bending surface brightness profiles than field or cluster galaxies. We find clear minor merger activity in some of the galaxies with single exponential or down-bending profiles, and both of the galaxies with up-bending profiles show signatures of a past interaction.

Conclusions.We show the importance of ultra-deep optical imaging in revealing faint external features in galaxies that indicate a probable history of interaction. We confirm that up-bending profiles are likely produced by major mergers, while down-bending profiles are probably formed by a threshold in star formation. Unperturbed galaxies that slowly evolve with a low star formation rate could induce the high rate of Type I discs in isolated galaxies.
The Effect of Clinical Pilates Exercises and Prenatal Education on
Maternal and Fetal Health
Authors: Reis Yıldız Akdaş , Akay Arife , Aktan Berrin , Tetik Sinan , Fıratlıgil Fahri Burçin , Kayıkçıoğlu Fulya
Published: July 2023

Objective The mental, physical and sexual health of women as well as
maternal and fetal health should be considered during the prenatal and postnatal
periods. Investigating the effect of clinical Pilates exercises and prenatal
education (CPE & PE) on obstetric and neonatal outcomes as well as the
mental, physical, and sexual health of women was intended.

Methods In the second trimester, mothers with singleton pregnancies who
attended (n=79, study group) or did not attend (n=80, control
group) CPE & PR were recruited to this prospective cohort study, and
were evaluated in the prenatal and postnatal periods. Depression was assessed
with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), sexual functions with Female Sexual
Function Index (FSFI), muscle strength with Gross Muscle Scales (GMS), and labor
pain with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). In addition, the presence of low back
pain (LBP) was questioned.

Results No significant association of CPE & PE with obstetric
outcomes such as cesarean rates, preterm birth, and neonatal outcomes such as
birth weight and Apgar scores were identified. Changes in VAS scores, the
incidence of perineal trauma, and episiotomy were not associated with CPE
& PE. However, CPE & PE was associated with lower BDI scores, a
gradual increase in the total scores of FSFI, increased GMS, and reduced
LBP.

Conclusion CPE & PE had no adverse effects on obstetric and
neonatal outcomes and was associated with improved mental, physical, sexual
health scores during pregnancy and postpartum.
Bauchdeckenstraffungen und Hidradenitis suppurativa (Acne inversa) bei Patienten nach massivem Gewichtsverlust
Authors: Ziegler Ulrich Eugen , Sakova Petronela , Reith Hans Bernd
Published: July 2023

Postbariatrische Operationen nach massivem Gewichtsverlust (MWL) sind mit erhöhten Minor- und Major-Komplikationen (17–55%) vergesellschaftet. Liegt zusätzlich eine langjährige
Leidensgeschichte einer Hidradenitis suppurativa/Acne inversa (HS) im Unterbauch- und Leistenbereich vor, können infektionsbedingte Komplikationen in nahe 100% auftreten. Diese erfordern ein
differenziertes prä-, intra- und postoperatives Therapieregime.

Von 2010 bis 2021 erfolgten bei n = 12 (Frauen n = 8 [66,6%], Männer n = 4 [33,3%]) entweder eine konventionelle (Pittsburg Rating Scale [PRS] Grad 2, n = 6) oder
Fleur-de-Lis-(FDL-)Abdominoplastik (PRS Grad 3, n = 6) nach massivem Gewichtsverlust. Alle Patienten hatten gleichzeitig eine langjährige HS am Unterbauch/Leistenbereich (Hurley-Klassifikation
Grad 2: n = 10, Grad 3: n = 2). Die Prävalenz lag bei 1,09%.

In einem Follow-up, das 12 Monate nach der Bauchdeckenstraffung erfolgte, wurden die postoperativen Minor- und Major-Komplikationen in Zusammenhang mit möglichen Risikofaktoren gebracht
(Alter, Art der Gewichtsabnahme, Nikotinabusus etc.).

Das mittlere Alter betrug 45,2 Jahre (± 10,3), der mittlere BMI zur Operation 33,24 kg/m2 (± 8,7), der durchschnittliche BMI-Verlust lag bei 19,01 kg/m2 (± 5,9) und
der maximale BMI vor Gewichtsabnahme zeigte 52,25 kg/m2. Die Hidradenitis suppurativa bestand im Durchschnitt seit 31,5 Jahren, und n = 2 (16,6%) hatten aktuell eine medikamentöse
Therapie dagegen. Bei allen Patienten lagen noch weitere Lokalisationen am Körper vor und bei 66,6% erfolgte bisher mindestens eine operative Behandlung der HS. Nikotinabusus bestand aktuell
bei 42,0%. Die durchschnittliche Operationszeit lag bei 98 min und die mittlere Resektatmenge betrug 2210 g. Die allgemeine Komplikationsrate betrug 83,0% (n = 10). Von den 12 Patienten hatten
8 Major-Komplikationen mit erneuter Operation in Narkose. Keiner hatte ein infiziertes Hämatom, keiner einen Abszess/Infektion und keiner eine akute Nachblutung innerhalb von 24 h
postoperativ.

Schwere infektionsbedingte Weichteilkomplikationen, wie sie nach gängiger Meinung zu erwarten wären, traten bei keinem der Patienten mit dem von uns vorgestellten Antibiotikaregime auf.
Eine Inspektion der Bauchdecke und Leistenregion 4 Wochen vor dem geplanten Eingriff ist empfehlenswert, um ggf. präoperativ eine Therapie der HS einzuleiten.
Advances in Nickel-Catalyzed O-Arylation of Aliphatic Alcohols and Phenols with (Hetero)aryl Electrophiles
Authors: Stradiotto Mark , Morrison Kathleen M.
Published: July 2023

Transition-metal catalysis has been consequential in enabling carbon–heteroatom bond-forming reactions. Recent breakthroughs in Ni-catalyzed cross-couplings have offered competitive and, in some cases, superior reactivity to Pd- or Cu-based processes. Amidst the ongoing renaissance in this field, the Ni-catalyzed C–O cross-coupling of alcohols and (hetero)aryl (pseudo)halides has surfaced as an effective strategy for the synthesis of (hetero)aryl ethers. Methodologies to achieve such transformations tend to rely on one of three catalytic approaches: (i) thermal conditions often accompanied by ancillary ligand design tailored for Ni catalysis; (ii) the synergistic combination of photoredox and Ni catalysis; or (iii) electrochemically driven Ni catalysis. In some instances, these protocols have provided access to expanded C–O cross-coupling substrate scope, including the use of inexpensive and abundant electrophile coupling partners (e.g., (hetero)aryl chlorides). This Short Review aims to summarize recent progress in the development of Ni-catalyzed O-arylations of primary, secondary, and tertiary aliphatic alcohols, as well as phenols, with (hetero)aryl electrophiles.

1 Introduction

2 Thermally Promoted Ni C–O Cross-Coupling

2.1 Primary and Secondary Aliphatic Alcohols

2.2 Tertiary Aliphatic Alcohols

2.3 Phenols

3 Photochemically Promoted Ni C–O Cross-Coupling

3.1 Primary and Secondary Aliphatic Alcohols

3.2 Phenols

4 Electrochemically Promoted Ni C–O Cross-Coupling

4.1 Primary and Secondary Aliphatic Alcohols

5 Conclusions and Outlook
Effect of Plate–Bone Distance and Working Length on 2.0-mm Locking Construct Stiffness and Plate Strain in a Diaphyseal Fracture Gap Model: A Biomechanical Study
Authors: Evans Alecia , Glyde Mark , Day Rob , Hosgood Giselle
Published: July 2023

Objective The aim of this study was to determine the effect of plate–bone distance (PBD) and working length on 2.0-mm locking compression plate (LCP) stiffness and strain in four-point bending and torsion in a diaphyseal fracture gap model.

Study Design A total of 54 LCP with three screws per fragment were assigned to one of nine combinations of working length (WL; short, medium, and long), and PBD (1, 1.5, and 3 mm) for a sample size of six per construct configuration. Stiffness was measured under quasistatic, nondestructive four-point compression bending and torsion. Plate surface strain was recorded using three-dimensional (3D) digital image correlation during four-point compression bending.

Results WL had a significant effect on overall construct stiffness in both compression bending and in torsion, with shorter WL constructs having higher stiffness (p < 0.0001). PBD had no effect on construct stiffness in compression bending; however, a significant reduction in stiffness was noted in torsion (p = 0.047) as PBD incrementally increased. WL had a significant effect on plate strain in compression bending, with shorter WL constructs having lower plate strain (p < 0.0001). PBD had no effect on plate strain in compression bending except for lower plate strain recorded in long WL constructs with 1-mm PBD, compared with 1.5- and 3-mm PBD constructs (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion Longer WL constructs, regardless of PBD, had lower stiffness in compression bending, while in torsion, some modulation of this effect was noted with incremental decreases in PBD. Longer WL resulted in high plate strain, regardless of PBD.
Doped and undoped ferroelectric HfO2: Role of Gd-doping in stabilizing the ferroelectric phase
Authors: Alrifai L. , Skopin E. V. , Guillaume N. , Gonon P. , Bsiesy A.
Published: July 2023

Doped hafnium oxide was shown to exhibit a strong ferroelectric behavior. It was implied that doping allows the stabilization of a HfO2 non-centrosymmetric orthorhombic phase, a prerequisite for ferroelectric behavior. However, a number of reports showed comparable ferroelectric properties in undoped HfO2, although with different behaviors of the remanent polarization upon layer thickness. In this work, the ferroelectric properties and crystalline structure of doped and undoped HfO2 layers as a function of the layer thickness were studied. The results show similar properties for ultrathin layers. Indeed, both show a linear increase in the orthorhombic/tetragonal crystalline phase amount and of remanent polarization as a function of thickness up to 7 nm. For higher thicknesses, a strong increase in the monoclinic phase is observed in undoped layers alongside a strong decrease in the remanent polarization whereas, for doped layers, the remanent polarization continues to increase with thickness. The experimental results suggest that the stabilization of the undoped HfO2 orthorhombic ferroelectric phase is due to mechanical stress, which is particularly high in ultrathin layers but relaxes for thicker layers.
From complete to selected model spaces in determinant-based multi-reference second-order perturbation treatments
Authors: Malrieu Jean-Paul , Heully Jean-Louis
Published: July 2023

The present paper reformulates and improves a previously proposed determinant-based second-order multi-reference perturbative formalism. Through a rather simple modification of the energy denominators, this formalism takes into account the interactions between the model space determinants, which are repeated in outer space. The method has been shown to be size-consistent when the model space is a complete active space, which is a severe limit. It is shown here that the completeness of the model space is not necessary to keep this property, provided that the zero-order function satisfies some conditions. For instance, size consistency may be obtained from truncated complete active spaces. It may even be satisfied from Singles and Doubles Configuration Interactions, provided that a coupled electron pair approximation is used in the definition of the model space wave function. The physical content of the method is illustrated by a series of model problems, showing its robustness. A major benefit of the fact that the perturbers are single determinants is the possibility to revise with full flexibility the model-space component of the wave function, i.e., to treat the feedback effect of the dynamic correlation on the valence component of the wave function.
A construction method of the quasi-monolithic compact interferometer based on UV-adhesive bonding
Authors: Lin Xiang , Yan Hao , Ma Yiqiu , Zhou Zebing
Published: July 2023

Quasi-monolithic interferometers play a crucial role in high-precision measurement experiments, including gravitational wave detection, inertial sensing, vibrometry, and seismology. Achieving high stability and accuracy in such interferometers requires a method for bonding the optical components to a baseplate. While optical contact bonding and silicate bonding are common methods, UV adhesives offer advantages such as controlled curing and low geometrical requirements for optical components and baseplates. This paper presents a detailed construction method for a quasi-monolithic compact interferometer based on UV-adhesive bonding. We built two types of interferometers using this method: a 100 × 100 × 20 mm3 Mach–Zender homodyne interferometer with unequal arm lengths of about 100 mm for laser frequency noise monitoring and a heterodyne interferometer as a displacement sensing head, sizing 20 × 30 × 20 mm3. Our Mach–Zender interferometer achieved a phase noise level of 2μradHz at 1 Hz and an equivalent laser frequency noise monitoring sensitivity of about 1kHz/Hz at 1 Hz. The compact heterodyne interferometer sensing head showed a sensitivity level of 1pm/Hz in translation and 0.2nrad/Hz in two tilts above 0.4 Hz. Our tests demonstrate that quasi-monolithic compact interferometers based on UV-adhesive bonding can achieve high sensitivity levels at the pico-meter and nano-radian scales.
Resolvent and dynamic mode analysis of flow past a square cylinder at subcritical Reynolds numbers
Authors: Yuan Hao , Kou Jiaqing , Gao Chuanqiang , Zhang Weiwei
Published: July 2023

Flow-induced vibration (FIV) of bluff bodies can occur at subcritical Reynolds numbers (i.e., below the Re of the vortex shedding from fixed bodies). To analyze the mechanism of this subcritical FIV phenomenon, resolvent and dynamic mode analyses are introduced in this work. For laminar flow past a square cylinder, both resolvent and dynamic modes are extracted and investigated. The results indicate that the dominant dynamic mode decomposition mode and the leading response mode are similar. Both modes lead to vortex shedding at supercritical Reynolds numbers, and they vanish below Re = 19 along with the dominant forcing mode. In addition, the first and second resolvent gains separate near the characteristic flow frequency and overlap at Re = 19, indicating the disappearance of the first-order resolvent mode. The disappearance of these critical modes indicates the lowest Reynolds number of FIV instability for flow past a square cylinder.
Immunocontraception of the female African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) in South Africa: from pipe dream to policy
Authors: Delsink A. K. , van Altena J. J. , Schulman M. L. , Bertschinger H. J.
Published: July 2023

Globally, African savanna elephants have been assessed as ‘endangered’. Consequently, additional threats and losses due to human–elephant conflict (HEC) could further exacerbate the species’ decline. In stark contrast, South Africa’s elephant populations are mostly confined within fenced-in reserves that impede natural processes such as migration. As ecosystem engineers, elephant population growth herein should be limited. Within South Africa, elephant management has evolved as differing wildlife philosophies from utilitarian conservation (‘nature for man’) to biocentric preservation (‘nature for nature’) and a combination thereof, have been practiced. Traditionally, both HEC and population control have been largely synonymous with lethal control, i.e. culling. However, with the increase of public or expert input to Policy, lethal control is not favoured by the public. As an alternative, immunocontraception of female African savanna elephants through non-invasive, native porcine zona pellucida (pZP) vaccinations has been employed successfully and is currently adopted in 43 elephant reserves across South Africa. Current legislation now recommends culling as the last population management resort. Newly promulgated legislation calls for wellbeing and welfare to be carefully measured in all biodiversity management decisions taken to minimise threats to biodiversity. As a keystone species, elephant is a direct driver of biodiversity change. Accordingly, and in light of these developments, all population management options, including immunocontraception, must be fully considered in South Africa’s largest national park, the Kruger.
Transcorporeality in 21st-century mermaid tales
Authors: Wesseling Elisabeth
Published: July 2023

This chapter takes its cue from the dominant presence of the mermaid trope in 21st-century media culture. It opens with a sampling of contemporary mermaid figurations, which are driven by the desire to break out of the Romantic paradigm as shaped by Hans Christian Andersen’s The Little Mermaid and its various Disney adaptations. This paradigm is premised on a heteronormative love plot, with a rigid gender binary and a persistent emphasis on the superiority of humans over more-than-humans. In 21st-century adaptations, it is the other way around, but a mere reversal of a hierarchy does not suffice for breaking out of a binary system. The chapter concludes with a close textual analysis of Lampje by Annet Schaap, a Dutch children’s novel that projects a world in which humans, animals, and things intra-act with each other on an equal footing, moving beyond human exceptionalism.
Variation in space and society
Authors: Dugua Céline , Skrovec Marie , Bergounioux Gabriel , Baude Olivier
Published: July 2023

Sociolinguistics and dialectology share the same
interest in the spoken language and the same method: the use of
surveys. They both collect their primary data and organise them into
corpora, but they differ in the way their results are presented.
Based on the Sociolinguistic Survey in Orléans (ESLO), this chapter
explores two hitherto neglected factors that may impinge on survey
and transcription methodologies: the characteristics of the
interviewers and their relationship with the interviewees according
to the type of situation; and the profiles of the transcribers and
their relationship to the standard French. We conclude that both
features constitute parameters of variation, to which the ESLO
corpus provides access.
Testing Twitter data on a morphosyntactic variable
Authors: Enrique-Arias Andrés , Albal Marina Gomila
Published: July 2023

This research investigates the distribution of
the morphological future cantaré (MF) and
periphrastic future voy a cantar (PF) in Latin
American Spanish compared to Peninsular Spanish through an analysis
of Twitter data collected in six Spanish-speaking cities. Due to the
written nature of the social network Twitter, rates of the MF in the
data are much higher than those found in studies based on
sociolinguistic interviews. While the Twitter results in our study
do not confirm the alleged higher prevalence of the MF in Spain
compared to Latin America, the data shows systematic variation
patterns that reflect internal factor groups that have been explored
in previous studies on the expression of futurity (temporal
proximity to the speech act, and epistemic certainty) as well as
register.