bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is Social Mobility Spatial? Characteristics of Immigrant Metros and Second Generation Outcomes: 1940–1970 and 1970–2000
Authors: Goodwin‐White Jamie
Published: June 2015

Research on immigrant and second generation outcomes has often examined their locations, following ideas that geographic dispersion facilitates social mobility, and that characteristics of the ethnic environment enable or constrain progress. I contend that second generation socioeconomic outcomes depend in part on the location choices and characteristics of a previous immigrant generation. Further, I suggest that this relationship reflects the changing geography of immigrants and labour markets, rather than geographically unfolding assimilation. Using the 1940, 1970, and 2000 Integrated Public Use Microdata Series files from the US Census, I regress second and 1.5 generation wage and educational outcomes in 1970 and 2000 on metro‐area characteristics of a previous generation (1940 and 1970, respectively). Current labour market and second generation characteristics are included as controls and to facilitate interpretation. Characteristics of a previous immigrant generation's location were more important for second generation outcomes in the 1940–1970 period, while current place characteristics become more significant by 2000. There is evidence of selection operating through the positive intergenerational effects of places where immigrants' educational levels were high a generation ago. Metro‐level immigrant concentration and manufacturing employment also have generally positive effects, although variations across generations and by nationality suggest their significance for social mobility is inadequately understood. The historical immigrant geographies of the US, and the ways in which metro labour market conditions intersect with immigrants' locational choices, both within and between generations, are thus a critical piece of the economic and spatial assimilation puzzle. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generalized vibrational perturbation theory for rotovibrational energies of linear, symmetric and asymmetric tops: Theory, approximations, and automated approaches to deal with medium‐to‐large molecular systems
Authors: Piccardo Matteo , Bloino Julien , Barone Vincenzo
Published: June 2015

Models going beyond the rigid‐rotor and the harmonic oscillator levels are mandatory for providing accurate theoretical predictions for several spectroscopic properties. Different strategies have been devised for this purpose. Among them, the treatment by perturbation theory of the molecular Hamiltonian after its expansion in power series of products of vibrational and rotational operators, also referred to as vibrational perturbation theory (VPT), is particularly appealing for its computational efficiency to treat medium‐to‐large systems. Moreover, generalized (GVPT) strategies combining the use of perturbative and variational formalisms can be adopted to further improve the accuracy of the results, with the first approach used for weakly coupled terms, and the second one to handle tightly coupled ones. In this context, the GVPT formulation for asymmetric, symmetric, and linear tops is revisited and fully generalized to both minima and first‐order saddle points of the molecular potential energy surface. The computational strategies and approximations that can be adopted in dealing with GVPT computations are pointed out, with a particular attention devoted to the treatment of symmetry and degeneracies. A number of tests and applications are discussed, to show the possibilities of the developments, as regards both the variety of treatable systems and eligible methods. © 2015 The Authors International Journal of Quantum Chemistry Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
On performance of parametric and distribution‐free models for zero‐inflated and over‐dispersed count responses
Authors: Tang Wan , Lu Naiji , Chen Tian , Wang Wenjuan , Gunzler Douglas David , Han Yu , Tu Xin M.
Published: June 2015

Zero‐inflated Poisson (ZIP) and negative binomial (ZINB) models are widely used to model zero‐inflated count responses. These models extend the Poisson and negative binomial (NB) to address excessive zeros in the count response. By adding a degenerate distribution centered at 0 and interpreting it as describing a non‐risk group in the population, the ZIP (ZINB) models a two‐component population mixture. As in applications of Poisson and NB, the key difference between ZIP and ZINB is the allowance for overdispersion by the ZINB in its NB component in modeling the count response for the at‐risk group. Overdispersion arising in practice too often does not follow the NB, and applications of ZINB to such data yield invalid inference. If sources of overdispersion are known, other parametric models may be used to directly model the overdispersion. Such models too are subject to assumed distributions. Further, this approach may not be applicable if information about the sources of overdispersion is unavailable.

In this paper, we propose a distribution‐free alternative and compare its performance with these popular parametric models as well as a moment‐based approach proposed by Yuet al.[Statistics in Medicine2013;32: 2390–2405]. Like the generalized estimating equations, the proposed approach requires no elaborate distribution assumptions. Compared with the approach of Yuet al., it is more robust to overdispersed zero‐inflated responses. We illustrate our approach with both simulated and real study data. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The direct and indirect effects of core and peripheral social capital on organizational performance
Authors: Fonti Fabio , Maoret Massimo
Published: June 2015

Research summary: In this paper we adopt a core‐periphery approach to specify the direct and indirect effects of social capital on organizational performance. We suggest that social capital deriving from stable task relationships between organizational members has a direct positive effect on organizational performance. Said effect depends, in both strength and functional form, on whether actors involved in stable dyads are located at the core or at the periphery of the organization. We also argue that core and peripheral social capital affect performance indirectly by moderating the organization's ability to leverage its human capital to improve performance. Results from a 48‐year study of the National Basketball Association support our arguments and bear important implications for strategic human resource practices and organizational performance in competitive settings.

Managerial summary: Stable work relationships among employees generate trust, more efficient work routines, common understanding and thus higher organizational performance. These benefits depend on the location of such stable relationships in the organization. Relational stability among core organizational members has an immediate, strong impact on performance, an effect that plateaus as stability grows. Stable relationships between core and peripheral members have instead a weaker, yet linear effect on performance. The location of stable relationships is also critical to leverage the talent of core employees, whose contribution to performance is stronger when relational stability is high in the organizational core, yet hindered by stable relations between core and periphery. Such findings provide relevant implications for strategic human resource management, in particular for choices regarding team composition and managing stars. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonacademic Commitments Affecting Commuter Student Involvement and Engagement
Authors: Burlison Mary Beth
Published: June 2015

This chapter reviews existing research on commuter students and nonacademic commitments.
Exploring the Impact of Commuting to Campus on Psychological Well‐Being
Authors: Martin Georgianna L. , Kilgo Cindy Ann
Published: June 2015

This chapter explores how commuting to campus influences students psychological well‐being during college.
Structural Variability and Gas Adsorption Properties of Coordination Polymers Constructed with Aromatic Multicarboxylic and Bidentate Ligands
Authors: Chen Qi , Zhang Jian , Zhou Hu , Yuan Ai‐Hua
Published: June 2015

The self‐assembly reactions of transition metal ions and 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid (H3btc) in the presence of auxiliary aromatic bidentate ligands 1,10‐phenanthroline (1,10‐phen) or 4,4′‐bipyridine‐N,N′‐dioxide (4,4′‐bpdo) have isolated four coordination polymers [Co18(btc)10(H2O)6(OH)6(1,10‐phen)6]·14H2O·3DMF (1) and [M3(btc)2(H2O)4(4,4′‐bpdo)]·2H2O·2DMF [M = Co (2), Mn (3), Ni (4)]. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis revealed that the M3 clusters in the structure of 1–4 are connected by hydroxyl group oxygen atoms (or oxygen atoms from 4,4′‐bpdo ligands) and carboxyl groups to generate a three‐dimensional framework. The network of final assemblies can be adjusted by varying the type of auxiliary ligands (1,10‐phen, 4,4′‐bpdo). In addition, the gas adsorption properties of 2 are also investigated.
Japanese Society of Clinical Oncology clinical practice guidelines 2010 for antiemesis in oncology: executive summary
Authors: Takeuchi Hideki , Saeki Toshiaki , Aiba Keisuke , Tamura Kazuo , Aogi Kenjiro , Eguchi Kenji , Okita Kenji , Kagami Yoshikazu , Tanaka Ryuhei , Nakagawa Kazuhiko , Fujii Hirofumi , Boku Narikazu , Wada Makoto , Akechi Tatsuo , Udagawa Yasuhiro , Okawa Yutaka , Onozawa Yusuke , Sasaki Hidenori , Shima Yasuo , Shimoyama Naohito , Takeda Masayuki , Nishidate Toshihiko , Yamamoto Akifumi , Ikeda Tadashi , Hirata Koichi
Published: June 2015

The purpose of this article is to disseminate the standard of antiemetic therapy for Japanese clinical oncologists. On the basis of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II instrument, which reflects evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, a working group of the Japanese Society of Clinical Oncology (JSCO) reviewed clinical practice guidelines for antiemesis and performed a systematic review of evidence-based domestic practice guidelines for antiemetic therapy in Japan. In addition, because health-insurance systems in Japan are different from those in other countries, a consensus was reached regarding standard treatments for chemotherapy that induce nausea and vomiting. Current evidence was collected by use of MEDLINE, from materials from meetings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology National Comprehensive Cancer Network, and from European Society of Medical Oncology/Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer guidelines for antiemesis. Initially, 21 clinical questions (CQ) were selected on the basis of CQs from other guidelines. Patients treated with highly emetic agents should receive a serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5HT3) receptor antagonist, dexamethasone, and a neurokinin 1 receptor antagonist. For patients with moderate emetic risk, 5HT3 receptor antagonists and dexamethasone were recommended, whereas for those receiving chemotherapy with low emetic risk dexamethasone only is recommended. Patients receiving high-emetic-risk radiation therapy should also receive a 5HT3 receptor antagonist. In this paper the 2010 JSCO clinical practice guidelines for antiemesis are presented in English; they reveal high concordance of Japanese medical circumstances with other antiemetic guidelines that are similarly based on evidence.
High Rates of Occult Infection after Shoulder Fracture Fixation: Considerations for Conversion Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Klatte Till O. , Sabihi Reza , Guenther Daniel , Kamath Atul F. , Rueger Johannes M. , Gehrke Thorsten , Kendoff Daniel
Published: June 2015

Background

Existing hardware may contribute to increased risk of bacterial contamination and subsequent periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) in conversion shoulder arthroplasty performed for failed fracture fixation.

Questions/Purposes

This study examined the incidence of positive pre-operative aspiration and inflammatory marker data, along with correlation of pre-operative positive aspiration or inflammatory markers and subsequent infection following conversion shoulder arthroplasty for failed open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and the need for re-operation at 4.6-year follow-up.

Methods

Twenty-eight patients who underwent conversion to shoulder arthroplasty for any reason after fracture fixation were retrospectively reviewed in a single center. A pre-operative aspiration was done in 17 patients; all patients had intra-operative tissue sampling. All procedures were single-stage removal of hardware and performance of the arthroplasty. In cases of pre-operative positive bacterial growth, a single-stage procedure was performed according to the septic ENDO-Klinik protocol.

Results

In 4 of 17 pre-operative joint aspirations, bacterial growth was detected; one pre-operative negative aspiration demonstrated bacterial growth in intra-operative sampling. In three of them, the infection has been validated through intra-operatively results. Pre-operative aspiration showed a sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 92% ( p < 0.005) for infection. No post-operative PJIs were observed. Six revisions were performed, most commonly for aseptic loosening (two cases) and conversion of hemiarthroplasty to a reverse design (two cases).

Conclusions

In conclusion, the risk of low-grade shoulder infection after fracture osteosynthesis may be higher than in hip and knee joints, based on limited study data. Adequate pre-operative testing is recommended to rule out occult shoulder infection in this setting.
Collision-free tool orientation optimization in five-axis machining of bladed disk
Authors: Chen Li , Xu Ke , Tang Kai
Published: June 2015

Bladed disk (BLISK) is a vital part in jet engines with a complicated shape which is exclusively machined on a five-axis machine and requires high accuracy of machining. Poor quality of tool orientation (e.g., false tool positioning and unsmooth tool orientation transition) during the five-axis machining may cause collision and machine vibration, which will debase the machining quality and in the worst case sabotage the BLISK. This paper presents a reference plane based algorithm to generate a set of smoothly aligned tool orientations along a tool path. The proposed method guarantees that no collision would occur anywhere along the tool path, and the overall smoothness is globally optimized. A preliminary simulation verification of the proposed algorithm is conducted on a BLISK model and the tool orientation generated is found to be stable, smooth, and well-formed.
Lion Optimization Algorithm (LOA): A nature-inspired metaheuristic algorithm
Authors: Yazdani Maziar , Jolai Fariborz
Published: June 2015

During the past decade, solving complex optimization problems with metaheuristic algorithms has received considerable attention among practitioners and researchers. Hence, many metaheuristic algorithms have been developed over the last years. Many of these algorithms are inspired by various phenomena of nature. In this paper, a new population based algorithm, the Lion Optimization Algorithm (LOA), is introduced. Special lifestyle of lions and their cooperation characteristics has been the basic motivation for development of this optimization algorithm. Some benchmark problems are selected from the literature, and the solution of the proposed algorithm has been compared with those of some well-known and newest meta-heuristics for these problems. The obtained results confirm the high performance of the proposed algorithm in comparison to the other algorithms used in this paper.
THE PROBLEM OF THE PROBLEM OF INDUCTION
Authors: White Roger
Published: June 2015

To solve the problem of induction we had first better know what it is. Some ways of formulating the worry about induction are underwhelming as they depend on assumptions that don't survive much scrutiny. Perhaps the most disturbing argument for inductive skepticism appeals to the claim that we could not possibly be justified in taking our inductive methods to be reliable independently of our use of those methods. And the use of inductive methods cannot give us justification to suppose that they are reliable. I argue for a new way to escape the first horn of this dilemma.
Deformation of spherical compound capsules in simple shear flow
Authors: Luo Zheng Yuan , He Long , Bai Bo Feng
Published: June 2015

The deformation of a compound capsule (an elastic capsule with a smaller capsule inside) in simple shear flow is studied by using three-dimensional numerical simulations based on a front tracking method. The inner and outer capsules are concentric and initially spherical. Skalaket al.’s constitutive law is employed for the mechanics of both the inner and outer membranes. Our results concerning the deformation of homogeneous capsules (i.e. capsules without the inner capsules) are quantitatively in agreement with the predictions of previous numerical simulations and perturbation theories. Compared to homogeneous capsules, compound capsules exhibit smaller deformation. The deformations of both the inner and outer capsules are significantly affected by the capillary numbers of the inner and outer membranes and the volume ratio of the inner to the outer capsule. When the inner capsule is small, it presents smaller deformation than the outer capsule. However, when the inner capsule is sufficiently large, it can present larger deformation than the outer capsule, even if the inner membrane has much lower capillary number than the outer membrane. The underlying mechanisms are discussed: (i) the inner capsule is deformed by rotational flow with lower rate of strain rather than by simple shear flow that deforms the outer capsule, and thus the inner capsule exhibits smaller deformation; and (ii) when the inner and outer membranes are sufficiently close (i.e. the inner capsule is sufficiently large), the hydrodynamic interaction between the two membranes becomes significant, which is found to inhibit the deformation of the outer capsule but to promote the deformation of the inner capsule.
Dietary intakes of fats, fish and nuts and olfactory impairment in older adults
Authors: Gopinath Bamini , Sue Carolyn M. , Flood Victoria M. , Burlutsky George , Mitchell Paul
Published: June 2015

It is unclear whether lifestyle modifications, such as dietary changes, should be advocated to prevent olfactory dysfunction. We investigated the association between dietary intakes of fats (saturated, mono-unsaturated and polyunsaturated fats, and cholesterol) and related food groups (nuts, fish, butter, margarine) with olfactory impairment. There were 1331 and 667 participants (older than 60 years) at baseline and 5-year follow-up, respectively, with complete olfaction and dietary data. Dietary data were collected using a validated semi-quantitative FFQ. Olfaction was measured using the San Diego Odor Identification Test. In a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data, those in the highest v. lowest quartile of n-6 PUFA intake had reduced odds of having any olfactory impairment, multivariable-adjusted OR 0·66 (95 % CI 0·44, 0·97), P for trend = 0·06. Participants in the highest v. lowest quartile of margarine consumption had a 65 % reduced odds of having moderate/severe olfactory impairment (P for trend = 0·02). Participants in the highest quartile compared to the lowest quartile (reference) of nut consumption had a 46 % (P for trend = 0·01) and 58 % (P for trend = 0·001) reduced odds of having any or mild olfactory impairment, respectively. Older adults in the highest v. lowest quartile of fish consumption had 35 % (P for trend = 0·03) and 50 % (P for trend = 0·01) reduced likelihood of having any or mild olfactory impairment, respectively. In longitudinal analyses, a marginally significant association was observed between nut consumption and incidence of any olfactory impairment, highest v. lowest quartile of nut consumption: OR 0·61 (95 % CI 0·37, 1·00). Older adults with the highest consumption of nuts and fish had reduced odds of olfactory impairment, independent of potential confounding variables.
MENANDER'S THAIS AND CATULLUS' LESBIA
Authors: Harrison S.J.
Published: June 2015

Menander's lost comedyThaiswith its famous protagonist, thehetairalover of Ptolemy I Soter and perhaps Alexander himself, was plainly well known at Rome, and is alluded to several times in Latin poetry of the Augustan and later periods, as Ariana Traill has shown. My purpose here is to argue that the literary characterisation of Thais in Menander's play underlies certain aspects of Lesbia as presented in the poetry of Catullus; that Catullus' poetry uses the plays of Menander has been demonstrated by Richard Thomas, arguing that Catullus 8 shows clear traces of Demea's monologue in theSamia(325–56).
RESPONSES OF EUCALYPTUS CAMALDULENSIS SPROUTS TO SHADE: AN EVALUATION OF CANOPY PLASTICITY
Authors: RIGHI CIRO ABBUD , COUDERC VINCENT , PEREIRA CARLOS RODRIGUES , COUTO HILTON THADEU ZARATE
Published: June 2015

Eucalyptus spp. is the main tree used in cellulose production worldwide, cultivated mostly in extensive monocrop plantations. However, due to concerns on environmental impacts, fear on decrease of food production related to the size of cultivated area, its location near human settlements with few jobs generation, eucalypt cultivation is no longer encouraged in many places. At the same time, large plantations hold the opportunity to integrate eucalypt into agroforestry systems (AFS) in a variety of production systems with many social, economical and environmental advantages. In this study we studied canopy modifications of E. camaldulensis sprouts under different degrees of shade. The plants were located on a gradient of available solar irradiation ranging from 51 to 94%. E. camaldulensis showed canopy plasticity with modified radiation interception patterns under diverse irradiations. Most of these variations were of small amplitude with some important variables remaining almost unchanged (leaf density, canopy percentage, tree, trunk and canopy height) or increasing only slightly (leaf area index and canopy opening). The main changes presented by E. camaldulensis, with a steep increase towards full sun, were: foliage area, canopy surface, canopy volume and area of canopy projection. In order to design appropriate agroforestry systems with young eucalypt growing under the shade of other crops, it is necessary to determine at which point the observed variable changes can support reasonable production.
Précis of Social Perception and Social Reality: Why accuracy dominates bias and self-fulfilling prophecy
Authors: Jussim Lee
Published: June 2015

Social Perception and Social Reality (Jussim 2012) reviews the evidence in social psychology and related fields and reaches three conclusions: (1) Although errors, biases, and self-fulfilling prophecies in person perception are real, reliable, and occasionally quite powerful, on average, they tend to be weak, fragile, and fleeting. (2) Perceptions of individuals and groups tend to be at least moderately, and often highly accurate. (3) Conclusions based on the research on error, bias, and self-fulfilling prophecies routinely greatly overstate their power and pervasiveness, and consistently ignore evidence of accuracy, agreement, and rationality in social perception. The weight of the evidence – including some of the most classic research widely interpreted as testifying to the power of biased and self-fulfilling processes – is that interpersonal expectations relate to social reality primarily because they reflect rather than cause social reality. This is the case not only for teacher expectations, but also for social stereotypes, both as perceptions of groups, and as the bases of expectations regarding individuals. The time is long overdue to replace cherry-picked and unjustified stories emphasizing error, bias, the power of self-fulfilling prophecies, and the inaccuracy of stereotypes, with conclusions that more closely correspond to the full range of empirical findings, which includes multiple failed replications of classic expectancy studies, meta-analyses consistently demonstrating small or at best moderate expectancy effects, and high accuracy in social perception.
EUROSCAN INTERNATIONAL NETWORK MEMBER AGENCIES: THEIR STRUCTURE, PROCESSES, AND OUTPUTS
Authors: Packer Claire , Simpson Sue , de Almeida Rosimary Terezinha
Published: June 2015

Objectives: The EuroScan International Network is a global network of publicly funded early awareness and alert (EAA) systems for health technologies. We describe the EuroScan member agency systems and methods, and highlight the potential for increased collaboration.

Methods: EuroScan members completed postal questionnaires supplemented with telephone interviews in 2012 to elicit additional information and check equivalence of responses. Information was updated between March and May 2013.

Results: Fifteen of the seventeen member agencies responded. The principal purpose of agencies is to inform decisions on coverage or reimbursement of health services and decisions on undertaking secondary research. The main users of information are national governments; health professionals; health services purchasers, commissioners, and decision makers; and healthcare providers. Most EuroScan agencies are small with almost half having fewer than two whole time equivalent staff. Ten agencies use both active and passive identification approaches, four use only active approaches. Most start identification in the experimental or investigational stages of the technology life cycle. All agencies assessed technologies when they are between the investigational and established, but under diffusion stages. Barriers to collaboration revolve around different system aims, purposes, and requirements; a lack of staff, finance, or opportunity; language differences; and restrictions on dissemination.

Conclusions: Although many barriers to collaboration were identified, the majority of agencies were supportive of increased collaboration either involving the whole EuroScan Network or between individual agencies. Despite differences in the detailed identification processes, members thought that this was the most feasible phase to develop additional collaboration.
High proficiency across two languages is related to better mental state reasoning for bilingual children
Authors: GORDON KATHERINE R.
Published: June 2015

Past research suggests that bilingualism positively affects children's performance in false belief tasks. However, researchers have yet to fully explore factors that are related to better performance in these tasks within bilingual groups. The current study includes an assessment of proficiency in both languages (which was lacking in past work) and investigates the relationship between proficiency and performance in a variety of mental state tasks (not just false belief). Furthermore, it explores whether the relationship between language proficiency and performance in mental state tasks differs between bilingual and monolingual groups. Twenty-six Spanish–English bilingual and twenty-six English monolingual preschool-age children completed seven mental state tasks. Findings provide evidence that high proficiency in English is related to better performance in mental state tasks for monolinguals. In contrast, high proficiency in both English and Spanish is related to better performance in mental state tasks for bilinguals.
Transport, driving and ageing
Authors: O’Neill Desmond
Published: June 2015

Transport is the invisible glue that holds our lives together, an under-recognized contributor to economic, social and personal well-being. In public health terms, the medical profession had previously allowed itself to focus almost exclusively on the downsides of transport. However, the research basis for transport, driving and ageing is steadily evolving and has important academic and practical considerations for gerontologists and geriatricians. For gerontologists, teasing out the critical role of transport in the health and well-being of older people is an imperative, as well as the key challenges inherent in transitioning from driving to not driving. The safe crash record of a group with significant multi-morbidity allows us to focus on the remarkable strategic and adaptive skills of older people. From a policy perspective, strictures on older drivers are an exemplar of institutionalized ageism. For geriatricians, a key challenge is to develop strategies for including transportation in our clinical assessments, formulating effective strategies for assessment of medical fitness to drive, incorporating enabling techniques, giving due consideration to ethical and legal aspects, and developing and promoting multi-modality and alternative transportation options.
RADICAL DEMOCRACY'S PAST AND FUTURE: HISTORIES OF THE SYMBOLIC
Authors: WEYMANS WIM
Published: June 2015

A few decades after the linguistic turn began affecting them, historians are now writing its history. For one of them the linguistic turn meant much more than just an acknowledgement of the importance of language and signs. In his latest book, appropriately called Adventures of the Symbolic, Warren Breckman argues instead that the linguistic turn was part of a much broader “symbolic turn” (266). His book is a rich collection of previously published articles that all deal with “the symbolic” in different times (from the eighteenth century till today) and places (mainly France and Germany and to a lesser extent the UK). That survey begins with the Romantics, whose focus on the symbolic dimension was criticized by Hegel and Marx, but praised by Leroux. The concept resurfaced in France, first with Durkheim and Mauss and later with Lévi-Strauss, Merleau-Ponty and Lacan, who in turn influenced Castoriadis and Lefort. These last three thinkers all had a significant impact on the following generation represented by Gauchet, Laclau, Mouffe and Žižek, to whom Breckman devotes the second half of his book. One merit of his book is that Breckman analyzes and presents figures like Leroux, Castoriadis, Lefort, Gauchet and Laclau who are important for political theory and intellectual history, yet remain under-researched and relatively unknown.
Measurement Invariance in Translations of the VIA Inventory of	Strengths
Authors: McGrath Robert E.
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The VIA Classification of Character Strengths and Virtues ( Peterson & Seligman, 2004 ) has been an influential contribution to the study of prosocial traits, and provided the basis for the VIA Inventory of Strengths (VIA-IS). Inherent to the Classification is the assumption that the character strengths included in the model are cross-culturally relevant. The emergence of a latent trait model for the VIA Classification from exploratory factor analytic research and the availability of data from translated versions of the VIA-IS provides a basis for evaluating this assumption. A sample of 15,540 individuals from 16 nations who completed the VIA-IS online was used to evaluate measurement equivalence. Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis and a relatively new statistical procedure, alignment analysis, were used to evaluate configural, metric, and scalar invariance across translations of the instrument. Consistent support was found for configural and metric invariance, and scalar invariance was also demonstrated under a number of circumstances. The findings lend support to the cross-cultural relevance of the VIA Classification of Character Strengths and Virtues as well as to existing translations of the VIA-IS.
Tactile Stimuli Increase Effects of Modality Compatibility in Task	Switching
Authors: Nadine Stephan Denise , Koch Iring
Published: June 2015

Abstract. Modality compatibility refers to the similarity of stimulus modality and modality of response-related sensory consequences. Previous dual-task studies found increased switch costs for modality incompatible tasks (auditory-manual/visual-vocal) compared to modality compatible tasks (auditory-vocal/visual-manual). The present task-switching study further examined modality compatibility and investigated vibrotactile stimulation as a novel alternative to visual stimulation. Interestingly, a stronger modality compatibility effect on switch costs was revealed for the group with tactile-auditory stimulation compared to the visual-auditory stimulation group. We suggest that the modality compatibility effect is based on crosstalk of central processing codes due to ideomotor “backward” linkages between the anticipated response effects and the stimuli indicating this response. This crosstalk is increased in the tactile-auditory stimulus group compared to the visual-auditory stimulus group due to a higher degree of ideomotor-compatibility in the tactile-manual tasks. Since crosstalk arises between tasks, performance is only affected in task switching and not in single tasks.
Rapid Serial Auditory Presentation
Authors: Franco Ana , Eberlen Julia , Destrebecqz Arnaud , Cleeremans Axel , Bertels Julie
Published: June 2015

Abstract. The Rapid Serial Visual Presentation procedure is a method widely used in visual perception research. In this paper we propose an adaptation of this method which can be used with auditory material and enables assessment of statistical learning in speech segmentation. Adult participants were exposed to an artificial speech stream composed of statistically defined trisyllabic nonsense words. They were subsequently instructed to perform a detection task in a Rapid Serial Auditory Presentation (RSAP) stream in which they had to detect a syllable in a short speech stream. Results showed that reaction times varied as a function of the statistical predictability of the syllable: second and third syllables of each word were responded to faster than first syllables. This result suggests that the RSAP procedure provides a reliable and sensitive indirect measure of auditory statistical learning.
The Effects of Work-Related Demands Associated With Social and Economic Change on Psychological Well-Being
Authors: Obschonka Martin , Silbereisen Rainer K.
Published: June 2015

This study examined perceived work-related demands emanating from social and economic change (i.e., increasing labor market uncertainties, nonstandard work hours, and job autonomy), with a special focus on work status (self-employed vs. employed). We studied a sample of young and middle-aged adults from Germany (N = 1,017). Increasing job autonomy buffered the negative effect of increasing nonstandard work hours on job satisfaction. Mediation analyses suggest that the self-employed, compared to wage-earners, enjoy higher levels of job satisfaction because they are confronted with fewer negative manifestations of change. We further found different job satisfaction effects of increasing nonstandard work hours and job autonomy in employed versus self-employed individuals, which merits further clarification in future research.
An Interprofessional Care Model for Evaluating Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs) Among Low-Income Children
Authors: Koushik Nikhil S. , Bacon Beth , Stancin Terry
Published: June 2015

The worldwide prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) is increasing, which will likely result in a growth of programs targeting the assessment and intervention needs of this population. However, there are few published studies documenting the development of programs that can serve as a valuable tool for communication of optimal service delivery and common obstacles and challenges. Programs targeting low-income, ethnically diverse populations are particularly imperative given the existing socioeconomic and ethnic disparities in ASD assessment and diagnosis. This article outlines the development of the MetroHealth Autism Assessment Clinic in Cleveland, Ohio, an interprofessional clinic targeting the assessment and diagnosis of ASDs in children ages 24 to 48 months from an inner-city underprivileged Medicaid population. In line with our goals of increasing diagnostic efficiency and care coordination, we examined clinical outcomes relative to preclinic data in time to diagnosis, number of providers seen prior to diagnosis, and number of “no-show” appointments. Results indicated significantly reduced time to diagnoses relative to preclinic data, likely associated with better care coordination. Number of providers seen and no-show appointments were not significantly different. Establishment of the clinic has enabled us to connect patients to community-based resources in a timely manner, potentially reducing disparities in ASD diagnosis and intervention. Obstacles have included scheduling monthly clinical staff meetings and procuring funding for a patient navigator. Future objectives include launching a parent support group and implementing short-term cognitive–behavioral therapy-based interventions for mothers of newly diagnosed children.
Dynamics enhanced by HCl doping triggers 60% Pauling entropy release at the ice XII–XIV transition
Authors: Köster K. W. , Fuentes-Landete V. , Raidt A. , Seidl M. , Gainaru C. , Loerting T. , Böhmer R.
Published: June 2015

The pressure–temperature phase diagram of ice displays a perplexing variety of structurally distinct phases. In the century-long history of scientific research on ice, the proton-ordered ice phases numbered XIII through XV were discovered only recently. Despite considerable effort, none of the transitions leading from the low-temperature ordered ices VIII, IX, XI, XIII, XIV and XV to their high-temperature disordered counterparts were experimentally found to display the full Pauling entropy. Here we report calorimetric measurements on suitably high-pressure-treated, hydrogen chloride-doped ice XIV that demonstrate at the maximum 60% of the Pauling entropy is released at the transition to ice XII. Dielectric spectroscopy on undoped and on variously doped ice XII crystals reveals that addition of hydrogen chloride, the agent triggering complete proton order in ice XIV, enhances the precursor dynamics strongest. These discoveries provide new insights into the puzzling observation that different dopants trigger the formation of different proton-ordered ice phases.
Cdk1 phosphorylates the Rac activator Tiam1 to activate centrosomal Pak and promote mitotic spindle formation
Authors: Whalley Helen J. , Porter Andrew P. , Diamantopoulou Zoi , White Gavin R. M. , Castañeda-Saucedo Eduardo , Malliri Angeliki
Published: June 2015

Centrosome separation is critical for bipolar spindle formation and the accurate segregation of chromosomes during mammalian cell mitosis. Kinesin-5 (Eg5) is a microtubule motor essential for centrosome separation, and Tiam1 and its substrate Rac antagonize Eg5-dependent centrosome separation in early mitosis promoting efficient chromosome congression. Here we identify S1466 of Tiam1 as a novel Cdk1 site whose phosphorylation is required for the mitotic function of Tiam1. We find that this phosphorylation of Tiam1 is required for the activation of group I p21-activated kinases (Paks) on centrosomes in prophase. Further, we show that both Pak1 and Pak2 counteract centrosome separation in a kinase-dependent manner and demonstrate that they act downstream of Tiam1. We also show that depletion of Pak1/2 allows cells to escape monopolar arrest by Eg5 inhibition, highlighting the potential importance of this signalling pathway for the development of Eg5 inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.
Rh D blood group conversion using transcription activator-like effector nucleases
Authors: Kim Young-Hoon , Kim Hyun O. , Baek Eun J. , Kurita Ryo , Cha Hyuk-Jin , Nakamura Yukio , Kim Hyongbum
Published: June 2015

Group O D-negative blood cells are universal donors in transfusion medicine and methods for converting other blood groups into this universal donor group have been researched. However, conversion of D-positive cells into D-negative is yet to be achieved, although conversion of group A or B cells into O cells has been reported. The Rh D blood group is determined by the RHD gene, which encodes a 12-transmembrane domain protein. Here we convert Rh D-positive erythroid progenitor cells into D-negative cells using RHD-targeting transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). After transfection of TALEN-encoding plasmids, RHD-knockout clones are obtained. Erythroid-lineage cells differentiated from these knockout erythroid progenitor cells do not agglutinate in the presence of anti-D reagents and do not express D antigen, as assessed using flow cytometry. Our programmable nuclease-induced blood group conversion opens new avenues for compatible donor cell generation in transfusion medicine.
Quantum ferroelectricity in charge-transfer complex crystals
Authors: Horiuchi Sachio , Kobayashi Kensuke , Kumai Reiji , Minami Nao , Kagawa Fumitaka , Tokura Yoshinori
Published: June 2015

Quantum phase transition achieved by fine tuning the continuous phase transition down to zero kelvin is a challenge for solid state science. Critical phenomena distinct from the effects of thermal fluctuations can materialize when the electronic, structural or magnetic long-range order is perturbed by quantum fluctuations between degenerate ground states. Here we have developed chemically pure tetrahalo-p-benzoquinones of n iodine and 4–n bromine substituents (QBr4–nIn, n=0–4) to search for ferroelectric charge-transfer complexes with tetrathiafulvalene (TTF). Among them, TTF–QBr2I2 exhibits a ferroelectric neutral–ionic phase transition, which is continuously controlled over a wide temperature range from near-zero kelvin to room temperature under hydrostatic pressure. Quantum critical behaviour is accompanied by a much larger permittivity than those of other neutral–ionic transition compounds, such as well-known ferroelectric complex of TTF–QCl4 and quantum antiferroelectric of dimethyl–TTF–QBr4. By contrast, TTF–QBr3I complex, another member of this compound family, shows complete suppression of the ferroelectric spin-Peierls-type phase transition.
The existence of bronchiectasis predicts worse prognosis in patients with COPD
Authors: Mao Bei , Lu Hai-Wen , Li Man-Hui , Fan Li-Chao , Yang Jia-Wei , Miao Xia-Yi , Xu Jin-Fu
Published: June 2015

Bronchiectasis is prevalent in patients with COPD. The objective of this study was to assess the clinical characteristics and prognostic value of bronchiectasis in patients with COPD in China. Data from patients diagnosed with COPD at the Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital between January 2009 and December 2013 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. SPSS statistical software was used to analyze the data. Data from 896 patients with COPD were analyzed. Bronchiectasis was present in 311 patients. The isolation of pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) from sputum was the variable most significantly associated with the presence of bronchiectasis in patients with COPD (hazard ratio (HR), 2.93; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35–6.37; P = 0.007). During follow-up (median of 21 months; interquartile range: 10-39 months), there were 75 deaths, of which 39 were in the bronchiectasis group. The presence of bronchiectasis (HR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.02–3.08; P = 0.043) was associated with an increase in all-cause mortality in patients with COPD. These results suggest that bronchiectasis in patients with COPD was associated with the isolation of PA from the sputum. Bronchiectasis was an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in patients with COPD.
Nanoplasma Formation by High Intensity Hard X-rays
Authors: Tachibana T. , Jurek Z. , Fukuzawa H. , Motomura K. , Nagaya K. , Wada S. , Johnsson P. , Siano M. , Mondal S. , Ito Y. , Kimura M. , Sakai T. , Matsunami K. , Hayashita H. , Kajikawa J. , Liu X.-J. , Robert E. , Miron C. , Feifel R. , Marangos J. P. , Tono K. , Inubushi Y. , Yabashi M. , Son S.-K. , Ziaja B. , Yao M. , Santra R. , Ueda K.
Published: June 2015

Using electron spectroscopy, we have investigated nanoplasma formation from noble gas clusters exposed to high-intensity hard-x-ray pulses at ~5 keV. Our experiment was carried out at the SPring-8 Angstrom Compact free electron LAser (SACLA) facility in Japan. Dedicated theoretical simulations were performed with the molecular dynamics tool XMDYN. We found that in this unprecedented wavelength regime nanoplasma formation is a highly indirect process. In the argon clusters investigated, nanoplasma is mainly formed through secondary electron cascading initiated by slow Auger electrons. Energy is distributed within the sample entirely through Auger processes and secondary electron cascading following photoabsorption, as in the hard x-ray regime there is no direct energy transfer from the field to the plasma. This plasma formation mechanism is specific to the hard-x-ray regime and may, thus, also be important for XFEL-based molecular imaging studies. In xenon clusters, photo- and Auger electrons contribute more significantly to the nanoplasma formation. Good agreement between experiment and simulations validates our modelling approach. This has wide-ranging implications for our ability to quantitatively predict the behavior of complex molecular systems irradiated by high-intensity hard x-rays.
Tip-multi-breaking in Capillary Microfluidic Devices
Authors: Zhu Pingan , Kong Tiantian , Kang Zhanxiao , Tian Xiaowei , Wang Liqiu
Published: June 2015

We report tip-multi-breaking (TMB) mode of droplet breakup in capillary microfluidic devices. This new mode appears in a region embraced by Cai = 0 and lg(Cai) = − 8.371(Ca0) −7.36 with Ca0 varying from 0.35 to 0.63 on the Cai – Ca0 phase diagram, Cai and Ca0 being the capillary numbers of inner and outer fluids, respectively. The mode is featured with a periodic, constant-speed thinning of the inner liquid tip and periodic formation of a sequence of droplets. The droplet number n in a sequence is determined by and increases with outer phase capillary number and varies from two to over ten. The distribution of both pinch-off time and size of the droplets in a sequence is a geometric progression of common ratio that depends exclusively on and increases monotonically with the droplet number from its minimum value of 0.5 at n = 2 to its maximum value of 1 as n tends to infinity. These features can help identify the unique geometric morphology of droplet clusters and make them promising candidates for encryption and anti-fake identification.
Chimpanzees and bonobos differ in intrinsic motivation for tool use
Authors: Koops Kathelijne , Furuichi Takeshi , Hashimoto Chie
Published: June 2015

Tool use in nonhuman apes can help identify the conditions that drove the extraordinary expansion of hominin technology. Chimpanzees and bonobos are our closest living relatives. Whereas chimpanzees are renowned for their tool use, bonobos use few tools and none in foraging. We investigated whetherextrinsic(ecological and social opportunities) orintrinsic(predispositions) differences explain this contrast by comparing chimpanzees at Kalinzu (Uganda) and bonobos at Wamba (DRC). We assessed ecological opportunities based on availability of resources requiring tool use. We examined potential opportunities for social learning in immature apes. Lastly, we investigated predispositions by measuring object manipulation and object play. Extrinsic opportunities did not explain the tool use difference, whereas intrinsic predispositions did. Chimpanzees manipulated and played more with objects than bonobos, despite similar levels of solitary and social play. Selection for increased intrinsic motivation to manipulate objects likely also played an important role in the evolution of hominin tool use.