bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proliferating Myositis: An Inflammatory Lesion often Misdiagnosed as A Malignant Tumor
Authors: Binesh Fariba , Sobhanardekani Mohammad , Zabihi Somayeh , Behniafard Nasim
Published: June 2016

Proliferative myositis (PM) is a rare inflammatory disease. Most commonly, the lesion occurs in the extremities. Regarding its fast growth and bizarre shape of the cellular components this entity commonly misdiagnosed and the patients undergo improper therapeutic approaches. In other words, it is often misdiagnosed as sarcoma. The diagnosis can only be made by the microscopic examination, so biopsy is mandatory. Here the authors report a patient with PM who was initially misdiagnosed as pleomorphic sarcoma of the lower extremity and explain this rare entity.

Proliferative myositis should be taken into account if a fast growing, intramuscular mass occurs in the extremities.
Effects of Spectrum Holdings on Equilibrium in the Wireless Industry
Authors: Lhost Jonathan , Pinto Brijesh , Sibley David
Published: June 2016

We propose a model of Bertrand competition in which consumers choose firms based on prices and qualities. Service quality depends on congestion, which is a function of capacity and output. We first present theoretical properties of the model. Next, we calibrate the model to the wireless industry and use it to evaluate the impacts of changes in spectrum allocation on consumer welfare and profits. Simulations of the model show that when one firm acquires more spectrum, consumer welfare at all firms increases due to congestion externality effects. We find that a transfer of spectrum from one firm to another can either raise or lower consumer welfare at the firms not involved in the transaction, again due to externality effects. Where it is possible to compare the results of our model to the wireless industry, they are consistent with the data. We also explore some possible effects of the upcoming 2016 spectrum auctions.
Fiscality - A Relevant Factor Influencing Regional Development in Romania and the European Union
Authors: Vlad Cristina , Brezeanu Petre
Published: June 2016

The paper aims to examine taxation in the EU in correlation with regional development measures implemented. We started with the EU vision on regional development. If during the 2007-2013 period, were pursued three major objectives (convergence, regional competitiveness and territorial cooperation), in the current 2014-2020 funding period, money is allocated differently between countries that are deemed to be more developed, in transition and less developed. These categories are set according to GDP per capita. Next we exposed the fiscal changes made in the EU in 2010-2011 period and then we corelate them with the strategy for regional development for five member states: Romania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic , Hungary and Poland. We used data reported by Eurostat regarding the evolution of unemployment rate and for the foreign direct investments in 2007-2012 period. We also brought up and changes required by the new Romanian Fiscal Code. According to it, measures such as reduction of income tax for new micro enterprises or extending the VAT reverse charge mechanism in many sectors of activity, are meant to encourage foreign capital inflows and also to increase the level of regional development. As a general conclusion, we found that there is a direct link between fiscal policy and regional development; fiscal measures implemented influence the level of unemployment, economic growth, and competitiveness in the private sector.
Empirical Study on the Creative Accounting Phenomenon
Authors: Cernusca Lucian , David Delia , Nicolaescu Cristina , Gomoi Bogdan Cosmin
Published: June 2016

The present study aims to analyze the accounting professionals’ point of view as opposed to the students and master students’ one, regarding the creative accounting phenomenon existence and manifestation forms. In order to accomplish this objective, there has been used the poll/investigation, as a research method and the questionnaire, as a research instrument. Within the study, there is suggested the testing of more hypotheses that contribute to the clarifying of the aspects wished to be analyzed through the research. These hypotheses’ acceptance or rejection is based on the „chi-square“ (Karl Pearson) statistical test and rank ordering method. Trying to elaborate a global conclusion of the questionnaire, there could be noticed the fact that over 50% from the questioned accounting students are not tempted to use the creative accounting practices and techniques in order to optimize the taxation without breaking the actual law regulations. At the opposite side, more than a half from the questioned accounting professionals would use these practices without breaking the law regulations that lead to the taxation’s optimization. The creative accounting has a negative connotation if the accurate image of the financial position and of the performance is not targeted because it represents the essential factor for elaborating and grounding the accounting policies. However, the positive side of the creative accounting is not excluded, given that one appeals to the „fair“ professional judgment of the accounting professionals and to the good faith of managers.
An Enormous Interstitial Mestizo? The (Im)possibility of Eurasian Identity in Dutch Postcolonial Novels
Authors: Boudewijn Petra R.
Published: June 2016

This article examines the (im)possibility of Eurasian identity in Dutch postcolonial novels by second-generation authors such as Marion Bloem and Adriaan van Dis. As a result of Indonesia’s decolonisation 300.000 Dutch nationals came from the former Dutch East Indies to the Netherlands. Among them was a large group of Eurasians, people of mixed Dutch and Indonesian descent. Many of whom had never set foot on the so-called motherland. Although Eurasians had belonged to the European community in the tropics, they were perceived as immigrants by the Dutch government and were subjected to an aggressive, far-reaching assimilation policy - fearing they would otherwise become a major social problem. Their offspring, the so-called second generation, is often assumed to struggle with their identity while growing up in a postcolonial society that did not tolerate cultural differences at the time. What constitutes a Eurasian identity, and can such identities exist after the enforced assimilation of Eurasians in the Netherlands? How do second-generation authors look upon their Eurasian background and how do they portray these assumed identity struggles in postcolonial literature? The texts in question are discussed in relation to theories of hybridity. It is argued that the widespread notion that Eurasians either fall between two stools or grow into examples of hybrid identity are not foregone conclusions.
Fostering Intercultural Competence of Students during Translation Classes at the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin
Authors: Waterlot Muriel
Published: June 2016

Intercultural communication has become a scientific discipline which aims at improving communication during intercultural contacts by means of fostering the intercultural awareness and competence of the interlocutors involved within the intercultural communication process.

In view of the intensifying European and international contacts the interest for this competency has grown during the last decades. This can among others be observed within foreign language teaching, but also in the training of translators at university level where new didactical approaches and teaching methods are being developed in order to improve the intercultural of future translators.

This article presents a preliminary collaboration between the John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin and non-profit organization of translators, as well as the theoretical and practical backgrounds of a project which that they envisage to realize in future in order to transform its participants into intercultural competent translators.
Reliable Sampled-Data Control of Fuzzy Markovian Systems with Partly Known Transition Probabilities
Authors: Sakthivel R. , Kaviarasan B. , Kwon O.M. , Rathika M.
Published: June 2016

This article presents a fuzzy dynamic reliable sampled-data control design for nonlinear Markovian jump systems, where the nonlinear plant is represented by a Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy model and the transition probability matrix for Markov process is permitted to be partially known. In addition, a generalised as well as more practical consideration of the real-world actuator fault model which consists of both linear and nonlinear fault terms is proposed to the above-addressed system. Then, based on the construction of an appropriate Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional and the employment of convex combination technique together with free-weighting matrices method, some sufficient conditions that promising the robust stochastic stability of system under consideration and the existence of the proposed controller are derived in terms of linear matrix inequalities, which can be easily solved by any of the available standard numerical softwares. Finally, a numerical example is provided to illustrate the validity of the proposed methodology.
EDUCACIÓN, UNIVERSIDAD, VERDAD
Authors: Niño Mesa Fileligno De Jesús
Published: June 2016

El propósito de esta comunicación es destacar el valor educativo de la verdad.Centra la reflexión en la verdad real en la que todo ser humano por su inteligenciaestá implantado. Pone de presente, recurriendo al esclarecimientoetimológico, la triunidad de la verdad real y la configuración que decanta en lamente de quien la acoge; analiza luego la necesidad de su despliegue porcuenta del juicio y la razón. Juicio y razón polifónicos expresados en múltipleslenguajes y sistemas simbólicos, cuya apropiación y ejercicio constituye unade las metas prioritarias de toda educación, especialmente de la universitaria siquiere acoger las exigencias del humanismo que los nuevos tiempos necesitany reclaman.
ESTADO DEL ARTE DE LA MAESTRÍA EN EDUCACIÓN DE LA UNIVERSIDAD SANTO TOMÁS, 2005-2006
Authors: Fernández Sierra Myriam Esther
Published: June 2016

Este artículo tiene el propósito de presentar los resultados del proyecto de investigación sobre los productos investigativos desarrollados en la promoción 2005 de la Maestría en Educación de la Universidad Santo Tomás. La investigaciónse fundamentó en una conceptualización amplia de los términos investigación educativa y estado del arte, centrada en la relación de dos aspectosbásicos: el texto, resultado de un proyecto de investigación finalizado y sustentado;y el contexto o dinámica social en las que se movilizan los proyectos. Se espera ofrecer a todos los interesados, las reflexiones sobre saber acumulado a través de los temas, problemas, métodos, resultados, conclusiones y recomendaciones de los productos investigativos de dicho Programa.
La Evaluación: una estrategia para re-pensar las prácticas institucionales
Authors: Ferreyra Horacio Ademar , Eberle María Jacinta
Published: June 2016

En este siglo de permanentes cambios y de una marcada saturaciónen la producción y avance de la información es sumamente importante que las instituciones educativas puedan avanzar en la construcción de sus propios procesos de calidad,para poder dar respuesta, de esta manera, a los requerimientos del entorno a partir de la formación deciudadanos que posean las competencias necesarias y que se puedan desempeñar como personasfelices en esta sociedad en la que forman parte.Es por ello que dentro de las instituciones se hace cada vez más indispensable la construcción de unanueva cultura evaluativa que utilice la evaluación como estrategia para mejorar y potenciar el desarrollode todos sus miembros a partir de la re-flexión de sus prácticas cotidianas. Este trabajo sólo puede desarrollarsesi se toma como punto de partida la autonomía institucional y si se comprende que la escuelasólo podrá ejecutar su proyecto de mejora si esta evaluación se realiza a partir de la integración demiradas tanto internas como externas. Sólo de esta manera es posible contribuir con el crecimientode la institución y por ende de un pueblo, de una provincia, de una nación.
La didáctica en los métodos de la teología
Authors: González Bernal Edith
Published: June 2016

El método o los métodos en teología permiten captar el conocimiento,el significado y las interpretaciones que comparten los teólogos sobre elobjeto de estudio del que se ocupa esta disciplina. Hacer teología desdela perspectiva cristiana supone una experiencia personal y comunitaria deencuentro con Jesús que mueve, interroga y motiva a construir conocimiento.El conocimiento teológico converge en un acto de enseñanza quesupone un ejercicio permanente de reflexión sobre el horizonte de sentidode la vida, la concepción del sujeto y las relaciones de construcción, eldespertar de la conciencia de sí mismo, la percepción del universo, larevelación de Dios en la historia, su actuación y las razones últimas de lavida, la muerte, el amor, el dolor y la felicidad.
Whole Genome Sequencing Identifies a Novel Factor Required for Secretory Granule Maturation inTetrahymena thermophila
Authors: Kontur Cassandra , Kumar Santosh , Lan Xun , Pritchard Jonathan K , Turkewitz Aaron P
Published: June 2016

Unbiased genetic approaches have a unique ability to identify novel genes associated with specific biological pathways. Thanks to next generation sequencing, forward genetic strategies can be expanded to a wider range of model organisms. The formation of secretory granules, called mucocysts, in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila relies, in part, on ancestral lysosomal sorting machinery, but is also likely to involve novel factors. In prior work, multiple strains with defects in mucocyst biogenesis were generated by nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis, and characterized using genetic and cell biological approaches, but the genetic lesions themselves were unknown. Here, we show that analyzing one such mutant by whole genome sequencing reveals a novel factor in mucocyst formation. Strain UC620 has both morphological and biochemical defects in mucocyst maturation—a process analogous to dense core granule maturation in animals. Illumina sequencing of a pool of UC620 F2 clones identified a missense mutation in a novel gene called MMA1 (Mucocyst maturation). The defects in UC620 were rescued by expression of a wild-type copy of MMA1, and disrupting MMA1 in an otherwise wild-type strain phenocopies UC620. The product of MMA1, characterized as a CFP-tagged copy, encodes a large soluble cytosolic protein. A small fraction of Mma1p-CFP is pelletable, which may reflect association with endosomes. The gene has no identifiable homologs except in other Tetrahymena species, and therefore represents an evolutionarily recent innovation that is required for granule maturation.
Chromosome-End Knockoff Strategy to Reshape Alkaloid Profiles of a Fungal Endophyte
Authors: Florea Simona , Phillips Timothy D , Panaccione Daniel G , Farman Mark L , Schardl Christopher L
Published: June 2016

Molecular genetic techniques to precisely eliminate genes in asexual filamentous fungi require the introduction of a marker gene into the target genome. We developed a novel strategy to eliminate genes or gene clusters located in subterminal regions of chromosomes, and then eliminate the marker gene and vector backbone used in the transformation procedure. Because many toxin gene clusters are subterminal, this method is particularly suited to generating nontoxic fungal strains. We tested this technique on Epichloë coenophiala, a seed-transmissible symbiotic fungus (endophyte) of the important forage grass, tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum). The endophyte is necessary for maximal productivity and sustainability of this grass but can produce ergot alkaloids such as ergovaline, which are toxic to livestock. The genome sequence of E. coenophiala strain e19 revealed two paralogous ergot alkaloid biosynthesis gene clusters, designated EAS1 and EAS2. EAS1 was apparently subterminal, and the lpsB copy in EAS2 had a frame-shift mutation. We designed a vector with a fungal-active hygromycin phosphotransferase gene (hph), an lpsA1 gene fragment for homologous recombination at the telomere-distal end of EAS1, and a telomere repeat array positioned to drive spontaneous loss of hph and other vector sequences, and to stabilize the new chromosome end. We transformed E. coenophiala with this vector, then selected “knockoff” endophyte strains, confirmed by genome sequencing to lack 162 kb of a chromosome end including most of EAS1, and also to lack vector sequences. These ∆EAS1 knockoff strains produced no detectable ergovaline, whereas complementation with functional lpsB restored ergovaline production.
Variation and Evolution in the Glutamine-Rich Repeat Region of Drosophila Argonaute-2
Authors: Palmer William H , Obbard Darren J
Published: June 2016

RNA interference pathways mediate biological processes through Argonaute-family proteins, which bind small RNAs as guides to silence complementary target nucleic acids . In insects and crustaceans Argonaute-2 silences viral nucleic acids, and therefore acts as a primary effector of innate antiviral immunity. Although the function of the major Argonaute-2 domains, which are conserved across most Argonaute-family proteins, are known, many invertebrate Argonaute-2 homologs contain a glutamine-rich repeat (GRR) region of unknown function at the N-terminus . Here we combine long-read amplicon sequencing of Drosophila Genetic Reference Panel (DGRP) lines with publicly available sequence data from many insect species to show that this region evolves extremely rapidly and is hyper-variable within species. We identify distinct GRR haplotype groups in Drosophila melanogaster, and suggest that one of these haplotype groups has recently risen to high frequency in a North American population. Finally, we use published data from genome-wide association studies of viral resistance in D. melanogaster to test whether GRR haplotypes are associated with survival after virus challenge. We find a marginally significant association with survival after challenge with Drosophila C Virus in the DGRP, but we were unable to replicate this finding using lines from the Drosophila Synthetic Population Resource panel.
Expanding CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing Capacity in Zebrafish Using SaCas9
Authors: Feng Yan , Chen Cheng , Han Yuxiang , Chen Zelin , Lu Xiaochan , Liang Fang , Li Song , Qin Wei , Lin Shuo
Published: June 2016

The type II CRISPR/Cas9 system has been used widely for genome editing in zebrafish. However, the requirement for the 5′-NGG-3′ protospacer-adjacent motif (PAM) of Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes (SpCas9) limits its targeting sequences. Here, we report that a Cas9 ortholog from Staphylococcus aureus (SaCas9), and its KKH variant, successfully induced targeted mutagenesis with high frequency in zebrafish. Confirming previous findings, the SpCas9 variant, VQR, can also induce targeted mutations in zebrafish. Bioinformatics analysis of these new Cas targets suggests that the number of available target sites in the zebrafish genome can be greatly expanded. Collectively, the expanded target repertoire of Cas9 in zebrafish should further facilitate the utility of this organism for genetic studies of vertebrate biology.
Selection on Inversion Breakpoints Favors Proximity to Pairing Sensitive Sites in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Corbett-Detig Russell B
Published: June 2016

Chromosomal inversions are widespread among taxa, and have been implicated in a number of biological processes including adaptation, sex chromosome evolution, and segregation distortion. Consistent with selection favoring linkage between loci, it is well established that length is a selected trait of inversions. However, the factors that affect the distribution of inversion breakpoints remain poorly understood. “Sensitive sites” have been mapped on all euchromatic chromosome arms in Drosophila melanogaster, and may be a source of natural selection on inversion breakpoint positions. Briefly, sensitive sites are genomic regions wherein proximal structural rearrangements result in large reductions in local recombination rates in heterozygotes. Here, I show that breakpoints of common inversions are significantly more likely to lie within a cytological band containing a sensitive site than are breakpoints of rare inversions. Furthermore, common inversions for which neither breakpoint intersects a sensitive site are significantly longer than rare inversions, but common inversions whose breakpoints intersect a sensitive site show no evidence for increased length. I interpret these results to mean that selection favors inversions whose breakpoints disrupt synteny near to sensitive sites, possibly because these inversions suppress recombination in large genomic regions. To my knowledge this is the first evidence consistent with positive selection acting on inversion breakpoint positions.
Remarkably Long-Tract Gene Conversion Induced by Fragile Site Instability inSaccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Chumki Shahana A , Dunn Mikael K , Coates Thomas F , Mishler Jeanmarie D , Younkin Ellen M , Casper Anne M
Published: June 2016

Replication stress causes breaks at chromosomal locations called common fragile sites. Deletions causing loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in human tumors are strongly correlated with common fragile sites, but the role of gene conversion in LOH at fragile sites in tumors is less well studied. Here, we investigated gene conversion stimulated by instability at fragile site FS2 in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In our screening system, mitotic LOH events near FS2 are identified by production of red/white sectored colonies. We analyzed single nucleotide polymorphisms between homologs to determine the cause and extent of LOH. Instability at FS2 increases gene conversion 48- to 62-fold, and conversions unassociated with crossover represent 6–7% of LOH events. Gene conversion can result from repair of mismatches in heteroduplex DNA during synthesis-dependent strand annealing (SDSA), double-strand break repair (DSBR), and from break-induced replication (BIR) that switches templates [double BIR (dBIR)]. It has been proposed that SDSA and DSBR typically result in shorter gene-conversion tracts than dBIR. In cells under replication stress, we found that bidirectional tracts at FS2 have a median length of 40.8 kb and a wide distribution of lengths; most of these tracts are not crossover-associated. Tracts that begin at the fragile site FS2 and extend only distally are significantly shorter. The high abundance and long length of noncrossover, bidirectional gene-conversion tracts suggests that dBIR is a prominent mechanism for repair of lesions at FS2, thus this mechanism is likely to be a driver of common fragile site-stimulated LOH in human tumors.
Antimicrobial susceptibility of Bacillus anthracis strains from Hungary
Authors: Kreizinger Zsuzsa , Sulyok Kinga Mária , Makrai László , Rónai Zsuzsanna , Fodor László , Jánosi Szilárd , Gyuranecz Miklós
Published: June 2016

The susceptibility of 29 Bacillus anthracis strains, collected in Hungary between 1933 and 2014, was tested to 10 antibiotics with commercially available minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test strips. All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, doxycycline, gentamicin, penicillin, rifampicin, and vancomycin. Intermediate susceptibility to erythromycin and cefotaxime was detected in 17.2% (5/29) and 58.6% (17/29) of the strains, respectively. Correlations were not observed between the isolation date, location, host species, genotype, and antibiotic susceptibility profile of strains.
Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus strains isolated from poultry
Authors: Stępień-Pyśniak Dagmara , Marek Agnieszka , Banach Tomasz , Adaszek Łukasz , Pyzik Ewelina , Wilczyński Jarosław , Winiarczyk Stanisław
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of bacteria of the genus Enterococcus in poultry, to identify them by means of matrixassisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDITOF MS), and to analyse the antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains to the drugs most frequently used in poultry. The material for the bacteriological tests was obtained mainly from the heart (97%) of the birds investigated. Of a total of 2,970 samples tested, 911 (30.7%) tested positive for Enterococcus spp. Enterococci were detected in broilers (88.1%), laying hens (5.3%), turkeys (3.9%), breeding hens (2.2%), and geese (0.4%). The most commonly identified species were Enterococcus (E.) faecalis (74.7%), E. faecium (10.1%), E. gallinarum (5.5%), E. hirae (4.6%), and E. cecorum (4.1%). The most frequent resistance properties were resistance to sulphamethoxazole/trimethoprim (88%), tylosin (71.4%), enrofloxacin (69.4%), doxycycline (67.3%), and lincomycin/spectinomycin (56.1%). Only one vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, E. cecorum from a broiler, was found.
Molecular genetic investigations on Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni Chen, 1955, a parasite of the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella)
Authors: Marton Szilvia , Bányai Krisztián , Forró Barbara , Lengyel György , Székely Csaba , Varga Ádám , Molnár Kálmán
Published: June 2016

Balantidium ctenopharyngodoni is a common ciliate in Hungary, infecting the hindgut of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), a cyprinid fish of Chinese origin. Although data have already been presented on its occasional pathogenic effect on the endothelium of the host, generally it is a harmless inhabitant of the gut. Phylogenetic analysis of the 18S rDNA and ITS fragments of this protozoan proved that it is in the closest phylogenetic relationship with endocommensalist and symbiont ciliates of mammals feeding on large volumes of green forage, in a similar way as Balantidium spp. known from algae-eating marine fishes.
Molecular characterisation of epizootic haemorrhagic disease virus associated with a Tunisian outbreak among cattle in 2006
Authors: Ben Dhaou Sameh , Sailleau Corinne , Babay Besma , Viarouge Cyril , Sghaier Soufien , Zientara Stephan , Hammami Salah , Bréard Emmanuel
Published: June 2016

In 2006, epizootic haemorrhagic disease (EHD) outbreaks were recorded in the Maghreb (Tunisia, Morocco and Algeria) among cattle, resulting in severe repercussions on herds (oedema of the head, necrotic lesions of the oral mucosa, hyperthermia of the teats, accompanied by anorexia and respiratory distress) and economic losses. The present study gives new information on the molecular characterisation of the EHD virus (EHDV) that had circulated in Tunisia. Genome segments 2, 3, 6, 7 and 10 of EHDV, corresponding to the VP2, VP3, VP5, VP7 and NS3/NS3A proteins, respectively, were amplified from the blood of one animal by RT-PCR and sequenced. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of these five segments with sequences available in the GenBank demonstrated that an EHDV serotype 6 (EHDV-6) had been present in Tunisia in 2006. The possible origin of this strain is discussed.
Prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea virus in cattle farms in Hungary
Authors: Szabára Ágnes , Lang Zsolt , Földi József , Hornyák Ákos , Abonyi Tamás , Ózsvári László
Published: June 2016

A study was performed to survey the virological prevalence of bovine viral diarrhoea (BVD) virus (BVDV) in cattle herds in Hungary between 2008 and 2012. A total of 40,413 samples for BVDV detection and 24,547 samples for antibody testing were collected from 3,247 herds (570,524 animals), thus representing approximately 75% of the cattle population in Hungary. Retrospective Bayesian analysis demonstrated that (1) the herd-level true virus prevalence was 12.4%, (2) the mean individual (within-herd) true virus prevalence was 7.2% in the herds having at least one virus-positive animal and 0.89% for all investigated herds with a mean apparent prevalence of 1.15% for the same population. This is the first study about BVDV prevalence in Hungary.
Immunological and biochemical characterisation of 7ap, a short protein translated from an alternative frame of ORF7 of PRRSV
Authors: Olasz Ferenc , Dénes Béla , Bálint Ádám , Magyar Tibor , Belák Sándor , Zádori Zoltán
Published: June 2016

Sequence analysis revealed a short alternative open reading frame (ORF) named ORF7a within the nucleocapsid gene of genetically divergent porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) genomes. Alignment of the corresponding protein sequences (named 7ap) revealed substantial heterogeneity among 7aps of different genotypes, though all of them are predicted to be positively charged. Green fluorescent protein and FLAG fusion constructs of ORF7a of the HU-14432/2011 PRRSV demonstrated that 7ap is expressed. 7ap of HU- 14432/2011 (Hu7ap) was synthesised chemically, and ELISA experiments revealed that Hu7ap binds strongly to mammalian IgGs. Protein-protein gel retardation assays and complement fixation inhibition suggest that 7aps bind to the CH2 domain of the IgG(Fc) fragment. Cellular localisation and immunological characteristics of PRRSV 7ap may indicate multiple functions including nuclear and cytoplasmic over-tuning of normal cellular processes and immunosuppression.
Khitan Studies I. The Graphs Of The Khitan Small Script
Authors: Róna-Tas András
Published: June 2016

In the first part of this series of papers the author investigates the peculiarities and structure of the graphs of the Khitan Small Script. The graphs are polyvalent, and their phonetic values are based on and reflect the understanding of the Chinese phonetic system of the period. The list of graphs includes allographs and variants, further graphs with the same phonetic value but having different form(s). Some graphs have dotted and nondotted pairs. The Romanisation of the graphs is a convention by modern Chinese and European scholars. In some cases the phonetic value of a given graph is unknown, but its meaning is known; these are called logographs. Dotted forms and the numeric system are also investigated.
Rethinking The Political System of the Jöchid
Authors: Kawaguchi Takushi , Nagamine Hiroyuki
Published: June 2016

The aim of this paper is to reconstruct the history of the Jöchid, placing emphasis on the “inner sources of the Jöchid”, especially on the Chingīz-nāma. First, we re-examine the essence of the term “Golden Horde”, and make an attempt to point out that the appellation “Golden Horde” used for the Jöchid may go back to earlier times than the late 16th century. Secondly, it is demonstrated that the Jöchid had been divided into Right and Left Wings after the reign of Toqtagha at the latest and this structure continued even after the unification of both wings by Toqtamïsh, a fact that historians in the Timurid Empire were also well aware of. Thirdly, the study shows that, at least by the late 14th century, it was recognised that the “White Horde” referred to the Right Wing or the entire Jöchid, while the “Blue Horde” to the Left Wing.
The Language and Literature of Malta: A Synthesis of Semitic and Latin Elements
Authors: Friggieri Oliver
Published: June 2016

The history of Malta is a sequence of experiences which exposed the country to various cultures and consequently contributed towards its growth into a nation not only claiming to be distinct, but also having full awareness of its own identity. The Semitic character of its language and the Latinity of its culture have both contributed towards the complex formation of a unique country. This paper seeks to outline the development of the Maltese language as a medium through which Malta could best express itself and construct its own literature. Located midway between two continents, Malta’s geographical position is thus coherently reflected in this duality.
Null operators, ellipsis, and scrambling
Authors: Nakamura Masanori
Published: June 2016

Move is subject to phase-based locality, whereas Agree is not, a natural consequence of cyclic linearization. Then, null operator movement, having no impact on linearization, should be immune to certain phase-related effects. I show that this prediction is borne out, based on the interactions between (null operator) movement and ellipsis. Furthermore, I extend the present proposal to scrambling in Japanese. It turns out that the observed correlation between movement and ellipsis helps us choose among competing theories of scrambling. Specifically, theoretical as well as empirical considerations support an analysis of scrambling in Japanese as involving either null operator movement or PF movement.
Romanian adjectives at the syntax-semantics interface
Authors: Cornilescu Alexandra , Nicolae Alexandru
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we argue for the existence of two local domains (phases, cf. Chomsky 2001; 2009; Legate 2003, among others) inside the DP: the n*-phase, parallel to the vP (as in Svenonius 2004), and the d*-phase, parallel to the CP. Two acknowledged phasal properties are discussed. (i) The n*/d*-phases define their own peripheries: peripheries are essentially modal-quantificational spaces, as shown by the decomposition of Topic—Focus features recently proposed (Butler 2004; McNay 2005; 2006). (ii) Phases are assumed to be domains of linearization: after (internal or external) merge, syntactic objects are hierarchical, but not linear, so phases must be linearized before they are sent to PF. The distribution and interpretation of DP-internal adjectives is taken to be indicative of these two domains.
FATORES DE RISCO PARA QUEDAS EM IDOSOS HOSPITALIZADOS
Authors: Cabral João Victor Batista , Silva Cristiane Maria de Souza , Silva Bispo Deyne Joanna , Silva Elizabeth Maria
Published: June 2016

O processo de envelhecer e a população idosa apresentam-se numa crescente, sendo necessário a avaliação e acompanhamento constante desta população e os fatores que influenciam na sua saúde, ocorrência de doenças e fatores adversos. Este estudo objetivou descrever quais os fatores de risco para a queda mais frequentes nos idosos hospitalizados. Para tanto, o estudo fundamentou-se metodologicamente em Mendes, Silveira e Galvão (2008) e Souza, Silva e Carvalho (2010). Tratando-se de uma revisão integrativa, com coleta de dados realizada a partir de fontes secundárias, por meio de levantamento e análise bibliográfica de publicações realizadas entre os anos de 2010 a 2014. Para o levantamento dos artigos foi realizada busca nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde (BVS), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Biblioteca Científica Eletrônica On-line (SciELO). Neste sentido, os achados deste estudo apontaram que apesar dos fatores de riscos serem reconhecidos, há ainda lacunas em relação aos estudos sobre a referida temática, pois apenas nove dos trinta trabalhos analisados tratam desta discussão efetivamente, o que comprova, não apenas a necessidade de mais estudos, como uma maior ampliação das ações desenvolvidas para saúde dos idosos. Conclui-se que as quedas em idosos hospitalizados ocorrem devido à falta de medidas preventivas que podem ser implementadas pelas instituições, assim como, os órgãos competentes devem intensificar os programas voltados para a população idosa em geral.
ACIDENTES DOMICILIARES POR FORÇAS MECÂNICAS INANIMADAS EM CRIANÇAS, ADOLESCENTES E JOVENS
Authors: Brito Jackeline Gonçalves , Pedroso Bruna Rafaela Pais , Martins Christine Baccarat de Godoy
Published: June 2016

RESUMO Analisar o perfil dos atendimentos de urgência e emergência decorrentes de acidentes domiciliares causados por forças mecânicas inanimadas na população infantojuvenil. Trata-se de um estudo transversal com coleta retrospectiva de dados. Foram analisadas fichas de atendimento decorrentes de acidentes domiciliares por forças mecânicas inanimadas em pessoas com idade até 24 anos, atendidas por um serviço público de referência em urgência e emergência, durante o ano de 2013. Foram estudados 526 acidentes. Entre as vítimas prevaleceu o sexo masculino (56,1%) e faixa etária de 1 a 4 anos (47,9%). O acidente de maior frequência foi penetração de corpo entranho em orifício natural, sendo em maior proporção nas crianças de 1 a 4 anos (71,0%). Evidenciou-se grande variedade de acidentes por forças mecânicas inanimadas no ambiente domiciliar e presença de sequelas físicas imediatas em 0,8% das vítimas. Destaca-se a importância da implementação de medidas preventivas, único meio de se reduzir o evento, as lesões e sequelas decorrentes.
Cuidado de sí masculino o instrumentalización de los varones adultos jóvenes
Authors: Franco Nora Eugenia Muñoz
Published: June 2016

Resumen Este artículo tiene la finalidad de reconstruir la ruta que han transitado las políticas públicas colombianas en materia de cuidado de sí en la salud, y su relación con los varones jóvenes y las masculinidades, durante el período 1950-2000, identificando como un asunto central el hecho de que estas han sido diseñadas en torno al discurso del crecimiento económico y del posicionamiento de los varones como principal fuerza de trabajo del país. En tal sentido se instaura un dispositivo con dos mecanismos fundamentales para promover el cuidado de sí: mecanismos de salvaguarda de la capacidad productiva; y mecanismos de efectos periféricos. Se asume implícita en las políticas públicas la vinculación de los varones, en tanto estos tienen como epicentro los grupos poblacionales considerados vulnerables, tales como las mujeres y las niñas.
La prevención del suicidio juvenil: entre la enunciación y la acción
Authors: Barrón Elsa Viviana , Krmpotic Claudia Sandra
Published: June 2016

Resumen El artículo expone las estrategias argumentativas que explican al suicidio juvenil, sus características y las formas de prevención posibles a partir de la recopilación, lectura y análisis de contenido transversal de publicaciones de cuatro grupos: profesionales de la salud, sociólogos, filósofos existencialistas y teólogos que escribieron sobre la temática entre 1990 y 2011. Se analiza la relevancia de los factores de riesgo como matriz explicativa y cuestiona su eficacia para operacionalizar servicios socio-sanitarios oportunos y de calidad.
Práticas de lazer e espaços públicos de convivência como potência protetiva na relação entre juventude e risco
Authors: Sebenello Daiana Cristina , Kleba Maria Elisabeth , Keitel Liane
Published: June 2016

Resumo Este artigo debate relações entre juventude, lazer e risco em uma perspectiva ampliada a partir de uma inquietação de profissionais da Rede de Atendimento à Infância e Adolescência (RAIA) de Chapecó no cotidiano de trabalho. O objetivo é entender o que jovens e seus pais, vinculados ao Serviço de Convivência de Fortalecimento de Vínculo, da Secretaria da Assistência Social de Chapecó, SC, reconhecem como práticas e locais de lazer e riscos associados. A pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, utiliza, para coleta dos dados, grupos focais, com resultados analisados a partir da identificação de temáticas centrais com base em referenciais teóricos.
Estado, sociedade e políticas de trabalho e emprego voltadas para os jovens no Brasil
Authors: Nunes Maisa Bruna de Almeida , Fernandez Cristiane Bonfim
Published: June 2016

Resumo O artigo desenvolve uma reflexão sobre Estado, sociedade e políticas públicas com o objeto de compreender a forma como são conduzidas as políticas de trabalho e emprego para os jovens brasileiros, indicando seus avanços, entraves e desafios. O estudo evidencia que a relação Estado-sociedade constitui um desafio na contemporaneidade, principalmente em virtude da relação dialética no trato das políticas públicas brasileiras. Por fim, constata alguns avanços que devem ser potencializados no sentido de efetivar o direito ao trabalho com qualidade para o público juvenil.
Padres adolescentes y jóvenes: debates y tensiones
Authors: Bermúdez Mónica Solange De Martino
Published: June 2016

Resumen Este artículo delinea un panorama general de la literatura, nacional e internacional, consultada en la primera fase de la investigación Visibilizando la Paternidad Adolescente, desarrollada en el Departamento de Trabajo Social de la Universidad de la República, Uruguay. Pretende indagar las experiencias de paternidad de adolescentes y jóvenes pobres en el Uruguay actual. Identifica algunos puntos neurálgicos presentes en el debate actual sobre el tema
A disciplina como elemento constitutivo do modo de produção capitalista
Authors: Meneghetti Gustavo , Sampaio Simone Sobral
Published: June 2016

Resumo Este artigo tem como objetivo examinar as relações conjuntivas presentes na analítica foucaultiana das relações de poder disciplinar e na análise de Marx sobre o modo de produção capitalista. Para isso utiliza, fundamentalmente, duas obras de Foucault e Marx, respectivamente: Vigiar e Punir e O Capital. Desse modo, identifica como a disciplina constitui dispositivo estratégico ao funcionamento do sistema capitalista.
Benthic macroinvertebrate community in the Sinos river drainage basin, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Barros M. P. , Gayeski L. M. , Tundisi J. G.
Published: June 2016

Abstract Aquatic macroinvertebrate fauna is a relevant component of limnic continental aquatic ecosystems, playing an important role in several processes with relevant biocomplexity. The present study characterized the benthic macroinvertebrate fauna found in three hydric bodies in the Sinos river drainage basin regarding community structure. Sample was collected from January to December 2013 in three locations in the basin: the city of Caraá (29 °45’45.5”S/50°19’37.3”W), the city of Rolante (29°38’34.4”S/50°32’33.2”W) and the city of Igrejinha (29°36’10.84”S/50°48’49.3”W). Abiotic components (pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature) were registered and collected samples were identified up to family type. Average annual pH, dissolved oxygen and temperature were similar in all locations. A total of 26,170 samples were collected. Class Insecta (Arthropods) represented 85.5% of total sample. Platyhelmintes, Mollusca and Annelida samples were also registered. A total of 57 families were identified for the drainage basin and estimators (Chao-1, Chao-2 and jackknife 2) estimated richness varying from 60 to 72 families.
Tipo de estaca e substrato na propagação vegetativa de Lippia gracilis Schauer
Authors: Santos Ricardo Gonçalves , Sousa Iasmin Matias de , Albuquerque Cynthia Cavalcanti de , Silva Kathia Maria Barbosa e
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: Lippia gracilis é uma planta nativa da Caatinga, rica em óleo essencial com atividade antimicrobiana. O trabalho objetivou avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de estacas e substratos na propagação vegetativa de L. gracilis . O experimento foi montado em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, sendo 3 tipos de estacas (apical, mediana e basal) e 3 tipos de substratos (areia + húmus, argila + húmus e areia + argila + húmus), com 5 repetições cada. Aos 40 dias foram avaliadas: porcentagem de estacas brotadas e enraizadas, número médio de brotos, comprimento da maior raiz e biomassa seca dos brotos e raízes. Em todas as variáveis as estacas medianas e basais apresentaram melhores resultados do que as apicais. O substrato influenciou apenas na biomassa seca dos brotos, sendo o composto de argila + húmus superior ao areia + argila + húmus e igual, em significância, ao areia+ húmus.
Sensibilidade de isolados de fungos entomopatogênicos às radiações solar, ultravioleta e à temperatura
Authors: Oliveira Manuela Teodoro de , Monteiro Antonio Carlos , Scala Júnior Newton La , Barbosa José Carlos , Mochi Dinalva Alves
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a sensibilidade de isolados dos fungos Metarhizium anisopliae (Metsch.) Sorok. e Beauveria bassiana (Bals). Vuill. ao efeito das radiações solar e ultravioleta e da temperatura. Conídios dos isolados foram expostos, por vários períodos, aos raios de um simulador solar em diversas irradiâncias e a uma lâmpada de raios ultravioleta germicida. Os conídios do isolado de M. anisopliae foram também expostos às temperaturas de 19,5; 24,2 e 31,0ºC, e os do isolado de B. bassiana a 19,4; 20,8 e 28,3ºC, e 18,7; 23,8 e 30,9ºC. Avaliou-se a germinação de conídios pelo teste de viabilidade. Os isolados dos fungos se mostraram bastantes sensíveis aos raios do simulador solar e aos raios ultravioleta. A germinação de ambos sofreu significativa redução a partir de 30 minutos de exposição à radiação do simulador solar. O efeito mais severo foi evidenciado pelo isolado de B. bassiana, com grande redução da germinação dos conídios em todas as irradiâncias testadas. A sensibilidade à radiação ultravioleta também foi grande, pois ocorreu acentuada redução da germinação dos conídios do isolado de M. anisopliae (38,2%) e de B. bassiana (65%) já aos 30 segundos de exposição. A temperatura afetou a viabilidade de ambos os fungos. Temperaturas entre 23,8 e 31ºC favoreceram a germinação dos conídios, enquanto temperaturas próximas de 20ºC dificultaram a germinação.
Efeito do ensacamento sobre a incidência de moscas-das-frutas e na qualidade das goiabas
Authors: Azevedo Francisco Roberto de , Nere Daniel Rodrigues , Santos Cícero Antônio Mariano dos , Moura Eridiane da Silva , Azevedo Raul
Published: June 2016

RESUMO: Com o objetivo de determinar o tamanho ideal dos frutos para serem ensacados e avaliar a eficiência de diferentes ensacamentos no controle de moscas-das-frutas, bem como sua correlação com a qualidade das goiabas do Cariri cearense, realizou-se esta pesquisa no Crato, Ceará, no período de 13 de outubro de 2011 a 16 de abril de 2012 em um pomar comercial de goiaba da variedade Paluma. Foram avaliados sacos de pipoca, papel manteiga, jornal, plástico microperfurado, TNT e a testemunha; e quatro grupos de diâmetro dos frutos: 1º grupo (2,0 a 3,0 cm), 2º grupo (3,1 a 4,0 cm), 3º grupo (4,1 a 5,0 cm) e 4º grupo (5,1 a 6,0 cm). Os frutos foram colhidos à medida que atingiam a maturação e após cada colheita eram levados ao Laboratório de Entomologia da Universidade Federal do Cariri, Campus do Crato, para avaliar o ataque das moscas-das-frutas e os parâmetros físico-químicos dos frutos. O ensacamento dos frutos é eficiente no controle das moscas-das-frutas independente do tipo de saco utilizado, recomendando-se ensacar quando as goiabas estiverem com diâmetro igual ou inferior a 2,0 cm. O jornal favorece o aumento do peso, comprimento e ºBrix quando os frutos são ensacados com diâmetros de 4,1 a 5,0 cm. Já para obter frutos com maiores diâmetros, recomenda-se ensacar com 5,1 a 6,0 cm de diâmetro.