bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Live‐view 4D GRASP MRI: A framework for robust real‐time respiratory motion tracking with a sub‐second imaging latency
Authors: Feng Li
Published: May 2023

Purpose

To propose a framework called live‐view golden‐angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) MRI for low‐latency and high‐fidelity real‐time volumetric MRI.

Methods

Live‐view GRASP MRI has two stages. The first one is called an off‐view stage and the second one is called a live‐view stage. In the off‐view stage, 3D k‐space data and 2D navigators are acquired alternatively using a new navi‐stack‐of‐stars sampling scheme. A 4D motion database is then generated that contains time‐resolved MR images at a sub‐second temporal resolution, and each image is linked to a 2D navigator. In the live‐view stage, only 2D navigators are acquired. At each time point, a live‐view 2D navigator is matched to all the off‐view 2D navigators. A 3D image that is linked to the best‐matched off‐view 2D navigator is then selected for this time point. This framework places the typical acquisition and reconstruction burden of MRI in the off‐view stage, enabling low‐latency real‐time 3D imaging in the live‐view stage. The accuracy of live‐view GRASP MRI and the robustness of 2D navigators for characterizing respiratory variations and/or body movements were assessed.

Results

Live‐view GRASP MRI can efficiently generate real‐time volumetric images that match well with the ground‐truth references, with an imaging latency below 500 ms. Compared to 1D navigators, 2D navigators enable more reliable characterization of respiratory variations and/or body movements that may occur throughout the two imaging stages.

Conclusion

Live‐view GRASP MRI represents a novel, accurate, and robust framework for real‐time volumetric imaging, which can potentially be applied for motion adaptive radiotherapy on MRI‐Linac.
The 2023 Display Industry Awards Honor Top Innovations
Authors: Wilson Lori A.
Published: May 2023

This year's winners reflect the ever‐evolving display landscape with products designed to reduce cost and power consumption, provide dazzling visuals, offer thinner dimensions and higher reliability, and boost productivity and creativity.
Looking Ahead to the Next Decade of Quantum‐Dot Displays
Authors: Hartlove Jason
Published: May 2023

This timely issue focuses on the bright future for quantum dots (QDs) in displays, from emerging perceptual metrology to blue breakthroughs and from microLED color conversion to electroluminescent (EL) nanoLEDs.
Recycling of polyamides: Processes and conditions
Authors: Hirschberg Valerian , Rodrigue Denis
Published: May 2023

Polyamides (PA) are a family of engineering thermoplastics used in a wide range of applications including automotive, building, construction, separation processes, textiles, and so forth. This is related to their good properties (mechanical and thermal) which can also be modified by additives, other polymers (blends and multilayers) and fillers (composites). But these complex systems (several components) make the final materials more difficult to recycle. In this review, basic statistics on the production rate of polyamides are presented and the different recycling methods are reported to compare their advantages and limitations with respect to economics and technical analyses. The discussion includes biological, chemical, mechanical, physical, and thermal treatments to reintroduce, as much as possible, the parts after their end‐of‐service. Finally, a general conclusion on the current state of PA recycling is presented with several openings for future developments to satisfy the concept of circular economy and general sustainability.
Climatic niche and range shifts of grey squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin) in Europe: An invasive pest displacing native squirrels
Authors: Yang Rujing , Yu Xiaoli , Nie Peixiao , Cao Runyao , Feng Jianmeng , Hu Xiaokang
Published: May 2023

BACKGROUND

As an invasive pest from North America, grey squirrels (GSs; Sciurus carolinensis Gmelin) are displacing native squirrels in Europe. However, the climatic niche and range dynamics of GSs in Europe remain largely unknown. Through niche and range dynamic models, we investigated climatic niche and range shifts between introduced GSs in Europe and native GSs in North America.

RESULTS

GSs in North America can survive in more variable climatic conditions and have much wider climatic niche breadth than do GSs in Europe. Based on climate, the potential range of GSs in Europe included primarily Britain, Ireland, and Italy, whereas the potential range of GSs in North America included vast regions of western and southern Europe. If GSs in Europe could occupy the same climatic niche space and potential range as GSs in North America, they would occupy an area ca. 2.45 times the size of their current range. The unfilling ranges of GSs in Europe relative to those of GSs in North America were primarily in France, Italy, Spain, Croatia, and Portugal.

CONCLUSION

Our observations implied that GSs in Europe have significant invasion potential, and that range projections based on their occurrence records in Europe may underestimate their invasion risk. Given that small niche shifts between GSs in Europe and in North America could lead to large range shifts, niche shifts could be a sensitive indicator in invasion risk assessment. The identified unfilling ranges of the GS in Europe should be prioritized in combating GS invasions in the future. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Hydroxysafflor yellow A attenuates allergic response of ovalbumin induced allergic rhinitis via Nrf2/HO‐1 and inflammatory signaling pathways
Authors: Ma Qikui , Li Genhong , He Jinfeng , Wang Jing , Ye Ben
Published: May 2023

Allergic reaction is the most common nasal conditions worldwide and it will remain throughout life. The symptoms of an allergic reaction include sneezing, itching, hives, swelling, difficulty breathing, and a runny nose. Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HYA) is a flavonoid compound which is the active phyto‐constituent of flower of Carthamus tinctorius L., and exhibited the various medicinal activities like antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory and cardiovascular protective effects. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and mode of action of HYA against the allergic rhinitis induced by ovalbumin in mice. HYA was given orally to the Swiss BALB/s mice once daily, 1 h before, they were challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) via intranasal administration, after that the mice were sensitized via intraperitoneal injection of OVA. Allergic nasal symptoms, body weight, spleen weight, OVA‐specific immunoglobulins, inflammatory cytokines, Th17 cytokines and Th17 transcription factors also estimated. HYA had a significant (p < .001) effect on body weight and reduced spleen weight. It effectively decreased the nasal symptoms of allergy such as sneezing, rubbing, and redness. HYA significantly reduced the level of malonaldehyde (MDA) and improved levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT) and glutathione (GSH). It also remarkably decreased the levels of Th2 cytokines and Th17 transcription factors like RAR‐related orphan receptor gamma (ROR‐γ), signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and phosphor signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p‐STAT3), while increasing levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1). The treatment with HYA improved the lung histology in mice with allergic rhinitis. The results suggest that HYA may have therapeutic potential against ovalbumin‐induced allergic rhinitis in mice, by altering the Th17/Treg balance and improving the Nrf2/HO‐1 signaling pathway.
Neutrino structure functions from GeV to EeV energies
Authors: Candido Alessandro , Garcia Alfonso , Magni Giacomo , Rabemananjara Tanjona , Rojo Juan , Stegeman Roy
Published: May 2023

Abstract

The interpretation of present and future neutrino experiments requires accurate theoretical predictions for neutrino-nucleus scattering rates. Neutrino structure functions can be reliably evaluated in the deep-inelastic scattering regime within the perturbative QCD (pQCD) framework. At low momentum transfers (Q2 ≲ few GeV2), inelastic structure functions are however affected by large uncertainties which distort event rate predictions for neutrino energies Eν up to the TeV scale. Here we present a determination of neutrino inelastic structure functions valid for the complete range of energies relevant for phenomenology, from the GeV region entering oscillation analyses to the multi-EeV region accessible at neutrino telescopes. Our NNSFν approach combines a machine-learning parametrisation of experimental data with pQCD calculations based on state-of-the-art analyses of proton and nuclear parton distributions (PDFs). We compare our determination to other calculations, in particular to the popular Bodek-Yang model. We provide updated predictions for inclusive cross sections for a range of energies and target nuclei, including those relevant for LHC far-forward neutrino experiments such as FASERν, SND@LHC, and the Forward Physics Facility. The NNSFν determination is made available as fast interpolation LHAPDF grids, and it can be accessed both through an independent driver code and directly interfaced to neutrino event generators such as GENIE.
On scalar charges and black hole thermodynamics
Authors: Ballesteros Romina , Gómez-Fayrén Carmen , Ortín Tomás , Zatti Matteo
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We revisit the first law of black hole thermodynamics in 4-dimensional theories containing scalar and Abelian vector fields coupled to gravity using Wald’s formalism and a new definition of scalar charge as an integral over a 2-surface which satisfies a Gauss law in the background of stationary black-hole spacetimes. We focus on ungauged supergravity-inspired theories with symmetric sigma models whose symmetries generate electric-magnetic dualities leaving invariant their equations of motion. Our manifestly duality-invariant form of the first law is compatible with the one obtained by of Gibbons, Kallosh and Kol. We also obtain the general expression for the scalar charges of a stationary black hole in terms of the other physical parameters of the solution and the position of the horizon, generalizing the expression obtained by Pacilio for dilaton black holes.
Extended geometry of magical supergravities
Authors: Bossard Guillaume , Cederwall Martin , Kleinschmidt Axel , Palmkvist Jakob , Sezgin Ergin , Sundberg Linus
Published: May 2023

Abstract

We provide, through the framework of extended geometry, a geometrisation of the duality symmetries appearing in magical supergravities. A new ingredient is the general formulation of extended geometry with structure group of non-split real form. A simple diagrammatic rule for solving the section constraint by inspection of the Satake diagram is derived.
Matrix quantization of gravitational edge modes
Authors: Donnelly William , Freidel Laurent , Moosavian Seyed Faroogh , Speranza Antony J.
Published: May 2023

Abstract

Gravitational subsystems with boundaries carry the action of an infinite-dimensional symmetry algebra, with potentially profound implications for the quantum theory of gravity. We initiate an investigation into the quantization of this corner symmetry algebra for the phase space of gravity localized to a region bounded by a 2-dimensional sphere. Starting with the observation that the algebra $$ \mathfrak{sdiff} $$
sdiff
(S2) of area-preserving diffeomorphisms of the 2-sphere admits a deformation to the finite-dimensional algebra $$ \mathfrak{su} $$
su
(N), we derive novel finite-N deformations for two important subalgebras of the gravitational corner symmetry algebra. Specifically, we find that the area-preserving hydrodynamical algebra $$ \mathfrak{sdiff}\left({S}^2\right){\oplus}_{\mathcal{L}}{\mathbb{R}}^{S^2} $$
sdiff

S
2

⊕
L

ℝ

S
2

arises as the large-N limit of $$ \mathfrak{sl}\left(N,\mathbb{C}\right)\oplus \mathbb{R} $$
sl

N
ℂ

⊕
ℝ
and that the full area-preserving corner symmetry algebra $$ \mathfrak{sdiff}\left({S}^2\right){\oplus}_{\mathcal{L}}\mathfrak{sl}{\left(2,\mathbb{R}\right)}^{S^2} $$
sdiff

S
2

⊕
L

sl

2
ℝ

S
2

is the large-N limit of the pseudo-unitary group $$ \mathfrak{su} $$
su
(N, N). We find matching conditions for the Casimir elements of the deformed and continuum algebras and show how these determine the value of the deformation parameter N as well as the representation of the deformed algebra associated with a quantization of the local gravitational phase space. Additionally, we present a number of novel results related to the various algebras appearing, including a detailed analysis of the asymptotic expansion of the $$ \mathfrak{su} $$
su
(N) structure constants, as well as an explicit computation of the full $$ \mathfrak{diff} $$
diff
(S2) structure constants in the spherical harmonic basis. A consequence of our work is the definition of an area operator which is compatible with the deformation of the area-preserving corner symmetry at finite N.
Solidarität mit Kindern und Menschen mit Behinderung?
Authors: Gather Katharina Susanne , Hagmann Sébastien , Gantz Simone , Renkawitz Tobias
Published: May 2023

Hintergrund und Fragestellung

Zerebrale Schädigungen können als infantilen Zerebralparese (ICP) oder durch andere Erkrankungen vorliegen. Durch Störung des Muskeltonus entwickelt sich häufig eine neurogene Hüftdezentrierung. Ein hüftrekonstruierender Eingriff kann die Mobilität und Pflegequalität der Kinder wesentlich verbessern. Derartige operative Versorgungen werden durch Abwertungen im DRG-System finanziell benachteiligt. In der Folge ziehen sich kinderorthopädische Abteilungen aus diesem Versorgungskonzepten zurück, es besteht das Risiko einer Unterversorgung.

Material und Methode

Ziel dieser retrospektiven Studie war eine Wirtschaftlichkeitsanalyse von kinderorthopädischen Eingriffen am Beispiel der neurogenen Hüftdezentrierung. Dazu wurde bei Patienten mit ICP und mit anderen zerebralen Schädigungen die Erlös-Kosten-Situation an einem Haus der Maximalversorgung im Zeitraum 2019–2021 untersucht.

Ergebnisse

Über den gesamten Analysezeitraum zeigt sich eine Verlustsituation. Bei Kindern ohne frühkindliche Hirnschädigung noch deutlicher als in der Gruppe der Patienten mit ICP. Während hüftrekonstruktive Eingriffe bei Kindern mit ICP zunächst 2019 noch kostendeckend zu erbringen waren, sind auch diese Versorgungen seit 2021 defizitär.

Diskussion

Obwohl die Unterscheidung zwischen einer ICP und anderen kindlichen Hirnschäden im kinderorthopädischen Versorgungskonzept keine Rolle spielt, zeigt sich vor allem die nicht-CP-Gruppe im DRG-System deutlich unterfinanziert. Insgesamt offenbart sich die negative wirtschaftliche Bilanz der Kinderorthopädie. Kinder mit Behinderung können in der aktuellen Auslegung des DRG-Systems an einem universitären Zentrum der Maximalversorgung nicht kostendeckend versorgt werden.
An unreported innervation of the coracobrachialis longus by the radial nerve: a potential pitfall for clinicians
Authors: Maślanka Krystian , Zielinska Nicol , Koptas Krzysztof , Olewnik Łukasz , Łabętowicz Piotr
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The aim of the presented case is to describe an unprecedented innervation of the coracobrachialis longus muscle by the radial nerve.

Methods

An 82-year-old body donor at death was subjected to a routine anatomical dissection for teaching and research purposes at the Department of Anatomical Dissection and Donation in Lodz, Poland.

Results

We have found an additional branch of the radial nerve, which departed from it just below its beginning. Its initial section ran alongside the radial nerve in the axilla, then headed medially accompanying superior ulnar collateral artery. Then, it reaches the coracobrachialis longus muscle and is the only one to innervate it.

Conclusions

The brachial plexus (BP) is very variable and well understood. Nevertheless, we must remember that there may still be variations in its structure, which may involve problems at every stage of diagnosis and treatment of diseases associated with its structures. Their knowledge is extremely important.
Adaptive LASSO estimation for functional hidden dynamic geostatistical models
Authors: Maranzano Paolo , Otto Philipp , Fassò Alessandro
Published: May 2023

We propose a novel model selection algorithm based on a penalized maximum likelihood estimator (PMLE) for functional hidden dynamic geostatistical models (f-HDGM). These models employ a classic mixed-effect regression structure with embedded spatiotemporal dynamics to model georeferenced data observed in a functional domain. Thus, the regression coefficients are functions. The algorithm simultaneously selects the relevant spline basis functions and regressors that are used to model the fixed effects. In this way, it automatically shrinks to zero irrelevant parts of the functional coefficients or the entire function for an irrelevant regressor. The algorithm is based on an adaptive LASSO penalty function, with weights obtained by the unpenalised f-HDGM maximum likelihood estimators. The computational burden of maximisation is drastically reduced by a local quadratic approximation of the log-likelihood. A Monte Carlo simulation study provides insight in prediction ability and parameter estimate precision, considering increasing spatiotemporal dependence and cross-correlations among predictors. Further, the algorithm behaviour is investigated when modelling air quality functional data with several weather and land cover covariates. Within this application, we also explore some scalability properties of our algorithm. Both simulations and empirical results show that the prediction ability of the penalised estimates are equivalent to those provided by the maximum likelihood estimates. However, adopting the so-called one-standard-error rule, we obtain estimates closer to the real ones, as well as simpler and more interpretable models.
An art painting style explainable classifier grounded on logical and commonsense reasoning
Authors: Costa Vicent , Alonso-Moral Jose M. , Falomir Zoe , Dellunde Pilar
Published: May 2023

This paper presents the art painting style explainable classifier named ANYXI. The classifier is based on art specialists’ knowledge of art styles and human-understandable color traits. ANYXI overcomes the principal flaws in the few art painting style classifiers in the literature. In this way, we first propose, using the art specialists’ studies, categorizations of the Baroque, Impressionism, and Post-Impressionism. Second, we carry out a human survey with the aim of validating the appropriateness of the color features used in the categorizations for human understanding. Then, we analyze and discuss the accuracy and interpretability of the ANYXI classifier. The study ends with an evaluation of the rationality of explanations automatically generated by ANYXI. We enrich the discussion and empirical validation of ANYXI by considering a quantitative and qualitative comparison versus other explainable classifiers. The reported results show how ANYXI is outstanding from the point of view of interpretability while keeping high accuracy (comparable to non-explainable classifiers). Moreover, automated generations are endowed with a good level of rationality.
Impact of compressed sensing (CS) acceleration of two-dimensional (2D) flow sequences in clinical paediatric cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR)
Authors: Moscatelli Sara , Gatehouse Peter , Krupickova Sylvia , Mohiaddin Raad , Voges Inga , Giese Daniel , Nielles-Vallespin Sonia , Pennell Dudley J.
Published: May 2023

Objectives

Two-dimensional (2D) through-plane phase-contrast (PC) cine flow imaging assesses shunts and valve regurgitations in paediatric CMR and is considered the reference standard for Clinical quantification of blood Flow (COF). However, longer breath-holds (BH) can reduce compliance with possibly large respiratory manoeuvres altering flow. We hypothesize that reduced BH time by application of CS (Short BH quantification of Flow) (SBOF) retains accuracy while enabling faster, potentially more reliable flows. We investigate the variance between COF and SBOF cine flows.

Methods

Main pulmonary artery (MPA) and sinotubular junction (STJ) planes were acquired at 1.5 T in paediatric patients by COF and SBOF.

Results

21 patients (mean age 13.9, 10–17y) were enrolled. The BH times were COF mean 11.7 s (range 8.4–20.9 s) vs SBOF mean 6.5 s (min 3.6–9.1 s). The differences and 95% CI between the COF and SBOF flows were LVSV -1.43 ± 13.6(ml/beat), LVCO 0.16 ± 1.35(l/min) and RVSV 2.95 ± 12.3(ml/beat), RVCO 0.27 ± 0.96(l/min), QP/QS were SV 0.04 ± 0.19, CO 0.02 ± 0.23. Variability between COF and SBOF did not exceed intrasession variation of COF.

Conclusion

SBOF reduces breath-hold duration to 56% of COF. RV flow by SBOF was biased compared to COF. The variation (95% CI) between COF and SBOF was similar to the COF intrasession test–retest 95% CI.
Mixed-frequency quantile regressions to forecast value-at-risk and expected shortfall
Authors: Candila Vincenzo , Gallo Giampiero M. , Petrella Lea
Published: May 2023

Although quantile regression to calculate risk measures is widely established in the financial literature, when considering data observed at mixed-frequency, an extension is needed. In this paper, a model is built on a mixed-frequency quantile regressions to directly estimate the Value-at-Risk (VaR) and the Expected Shortfall (ES) measures. In particular, the low-frequency component incorporates information coming from variables observed at, typically, monthly or lower frequencies, while the high-frequency component can include a variety of daily variables, like market indices or realized volatility measures. The conditions for the weak stationarity of the daily return process are derived and the finite sample properties are investigated in an extensive Monte Carlo exercise. The validity of the proposed model is then explored through a real data application using two energy commodities, namely, Crude Oil and Gasoline futures. Results show that our model outperforms other competing specifications, on the basis of some popular VaR and ES backtesting test procedures.
Unlocking the dual black box of GHRMP & EGOC for sustainable environmental performance in developing economies: can green workplace behavior and green passion transmit the real change?
Authors: He Weihua , Mushtaq Naveed , Jan Laraeb
Published: May 2023

In recent years, there has been a growing emphasis on environmental sustainability, resulting in the emergence of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices. Studies have shown that the implementation of GHRM practices can enhance a company's Environmental Performance (EP) and promote the development of Enablers of Green Organizational Culture (EGOC), which can ultimately lead to sustained improvements in environmental performance over the long term. However, there is still a lack of research on Green Workplace Behavior (GWB) and Green Passion (GP). To address this gap, a study was conducted on a large-scale sample of 308 pharmaceutical workers. The study examined the dual mediation impact of major facilitators of Green Organization Culture and GWB on GHRM, and the regulation of GP. Smart Pls 3.0 was used for analyzing the measurement and structural model. The findings indicate that the dual mediation of EGOC and GWB, along with the regulation of GP, significantly enhances the EP levels of organizations. These findings have significant implications for pharmaceutical company managers who are interested in developing strategic HR strategies for sustainable development. The study's results provide guidance on how managers can motivate their employees to engage in green initiatives in their daily activities, and GHRM practices offer a practical way to enhance EP and sustainable development. However, the contribution of Human Resource Management to sustainable development remains limited in the literature. Therefore, it is important for businesses to recognize the significance of environmental sustainability and adopt GHRM practices to improve their EP levels. The environment and natural resources around the world have been severely impacted by the aggressive growth of human economic expansion, and there is an urgent need for social efforts to address this situation. The adoption of GHRM practices can help businesses to develop specialized skills and enhance their contribution to sustainable development. The literature suggests that GHRM practices are a viable and practical solution to enhance environmental performance and promote sustainable development.
Estimating Student Attrition in School-Based Prevention Studies: Guidance from State Longitudinal Data in Maryland
Authors: Henneberger Angela K. , Rose Bess A. , Feng Yi , Johnson Tessa , Register Brennan , Stapleton Laura M. , Sweet Tracy , Woolley Michael E.
Published: May 2023

Attrition is a critical concern for evaluating the rigor of prevention studies, and the current study provides rates of attrition for subgroups of students and schools who are often sampled for prevention science. This is the first study to provide practical guidance for expected rates of attrition using population-level statewide data; findings indicated that researchers using K-12 school-based samples should plan for attrition rates as high as 27% during middle school and 54% during elementary school. However, researchers should consider the grade levels initially sampled, the length of follow-up, and the specific student characteristics and schools available for sampling. Postsecondary attrition ranged from 45% for bachelor’s degree seekers to 73% for associate degree seekers. This practical guidance can help researchers to proactively plan for attrition in the study design phase, limiting bias and increasing the validity of prevention studies.
Grover search inspired alternating operator ansatz of quantum approximate optimization algorithm for search problems
Authors: Chiang Chen-Fu , Alsing Paul M.
Published: May 2023

We use the mapping between two computation frameworks, Adiabatic Grover Search (AGS) and Adiabatic Quantum Computing (AQC), to translate the Grover search algorithm into the AQC regime. We then apply Trotterization on the schedule-dependent Hamiltonian of AGS to obtain the values of variational parameters in the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA) framework. The goal is to carry the optimal behavior of Grover search algorithm into the QAOA framework without the iterative machine learning processes.
History of Incarceration is Associated with Unmet Socioeconomic Needs and Structural Discrimination among Young Black Sexual Minority Men (SMM) in the United States
Authors: Ogunbajo Adedotun , Siconolfi Daniel , Storholm Erik , Vincent Wilson , Pollack Lance , Rebchook Greg , Tan Judy , Huebner David , Kegeles Susan
Published: May 2023

There is a dearth of research on incarceration among young Black sexual minority men (SMM). The current study aimed to assess the prevalence and association between unmet socioeconomic and structural needs and history of incarceration among young Black SMM. Between 2009 and 2015, young Black SMM (N = 1,774) in Dallas and Houston Texas were recruited to participate in an annual, venue-based, cross-sectional survey. We found that 26% of the sample reported any lifetime history of incarceration. Additionally, participants with unmet socioeconomic and structural needs (unemployment, homelessness, financial insecurity and limited educational attainment) were more likely to have a history of incarceration. It is imperative that interventions are developed to address the basic, social, and economic needs of young Black SMM with a history of incarceration or who are at risk for incarceration.
High-Density Linkage Map Constructed from a Skim Sequenced Diploid Potato Population Reveals Transmission Distortion and QTLs for Tuber Yield and Pollen Shed
Authors: Clot Corentin R. , Wang Xulan , Koopman Joey , Navarro Alejandro Thérèse , Bucher Johan , Visser Richard G. F. , Finkers Richard , van Eck Herman J.
Published: May 2023

The reinvention of potato, from a tetraploid clonal crop into a diploid seed-based hybrid crop, requires insight in the mutational load, recombination landscape, and the genetic basis of fertility. Genomics-based breeding and QTL discovery rely on efficient genotyping strategies such as skim sequencing, to gather genotypic information. The application of skim sequencing to full-sib population of non-inbred parents remains challenging. Here, we report on an R implementation of the OutcrossSeq pipeline for diploids. We applied this pipeline to a large diploid skim sequenced potato population. We used the resulting bin-markers for the construction of high-density parent specific linkage maps, highlighting variation in parental recombination rate and structural variations. We subsequently explored transmission ratio distortion and non-independent assortment of alleles, indicative of large-effect deleterious mutations. Finally, we identified QTLs for seedling tuber yield in pots and pollen shed. This study showcases the range of genetic analyses, from marker inference, identification of transmission ratio distortion, and linkage map construction to QTL mapping, resulting in new insights that contribute to breeding diploid potato.
Taxonomy and multigene phylogeny of Pseudohydnum (Auriculariales, Basidiomycota)
Authors: Spirin Viacheslav , Malysheva Vera , Viner Ilya , Dudka Vasiliy , Grebenc Tine , Miettinen Otto
Published: May 2023

Taxonomy of Pseudohydnum gelatinosum and its sister taxa is revised via morphological data and a four-gene dataset (ITS, nc LSU rDNA, TEF1, RPB1). Identity of P. gelatinosum and Tremellodon pusillus is re-established based on newly collected and sequenced material from their type localities. Pseudohydnum alienum from Europe; P. umbrosum from temperate East Asia; P. cystidiatum, P. meridianum, and P. placibile from Vietnam; and P. omnipavum from North America are described as new to science; P. translucens and P. brunneiceps from East Asia are redescribed. Most Pseudohydnum collections from North America belong to P. gelatinosum ssp. pusillum. A significant divergence of TEF1 sequences in P. gelatinosum is discussed.
Influence of Ductility on Fracture in Tensile Testing of Cold Gas Sprayed Deposits
Authors: List A. , Huang C. , Wiehler L. , Gieseler C.-P. , Schulze M. , Gärtner F. , Klassen T.
Published: May 2023

Cold gas spraying nowadays receives much interest for additive manufacturing due to its high deposition rate. Associated structural applications define high requirements regarding mechanical properties and failure tolerances. Up to present, micro-flat tensile (MFT) or tubular coating tensile (TCT) tests are well-established for determining deposit strengths. Due to particular stress states during testing, both provide slightly different information. While MFT tests can provide information on strain and ductility, stress concentration in TCT tests requires to apply a notch factor for calculating the ultimate tensile strength. Here, we suggest that a suitable combination of both tests can provide additional information about tolerances against local stress concentrations in crack initiation and growth. Taking titanium and copper as model systems, results from MFT and TCT tests are evaluated over a wide range of spray parameter sets into regimes that allow for high deposit qualities, even reaching certain ductility. The correlation between the results reveals that the derived stress concentration sensitivity depends on the deposit quality and could eventually decrease to unity. In turn, the correlation to respective strain to failure data can supply information on underlying deformation mechanisms. These preliminary results thus provide strategies for tuning deposit toughness and give prerequisites for quality forecasts.
Clinical and Pathological Features and Gene Expression Profiles of Clinically Aggressive Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas
Authors: Metovic Jasna , Cabutti Francesco , Osella-Abate Simona , Orlando Giulia , Tampieri Cristian , Napoli Francesca , Maletta Francesca , Daniele Lorenzo , Volante Marco , Papotti Mauro
Published: May 2023

Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is considered an indolent neoplasm but it may demonstrate aggressive behavior. We aimed to identify clinical and pathological characteristics and molecular signatures associated with aggressive forms of PTCs. We selected 43 aggressive PTC cases based on the presence of metastases at the time of diagnosis, the development of distant metastasis during follow-up, and/or biochemical recurrence, and 43 PTC patients that were disease-free upon follow-up, matching them according to age, sex, pT, and pN parameters. Twenty-four pairs (a total of 48 cases) and 6 normal thyroid tissues were studied using targeted mRNA screening of cancer-associated genes employing NanoString nCounter® technology. In general, aggressive PTCs showed distinctive clinical and morphological features. Among adverse prognostic parameters, the presence of necrosis and an increased mitotic index were associated with shorter disease-free and overall survivals. Other parameters associated with shorter disease-free or overall survivals include a lack of tumor capsule, the presence of vascular invasion, tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, fibrosclerotic changes, age > 55 years, and a high pTN stage. Various pathways were differentially regulated in non-aggressive as compared to aggressive PTC, including the DNA damage repair, the MAPK, and the RAS pathways. In particular, the hedgehog pathway was differentially de-regulated in aggressive PTC as compared to non-aggressive PTC cases, being WNT10A and GLI3 genes significantly up- and down-regulated in aggressive PTC and GSK3B up-regulated in non-aggressive PTC cases. In conclusion, our study revealed specific molecular signatures and morphological features in aggressive PTC that may be useful to predict more aggressive behavior in a subset of PTC patients. These findings may be useful when developing novel, tailored treatment options for these patients.
Aquaporin 4 Mediates the Effect of Iron Overload on Hydrocephalus After Intraventricular Hemorrhage
Authors: Li Ying , Nan Ding , Liu Ran , Li Jieyu , Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Deng Jianwen , Zhang Yang , Yan Ziguang , Hou Chao , Yao Ensheng , Sun Weiping , Wang Zhaoxia , Huang Yining
Published: May 2023

Background

Iron overload plays an important role in hydrocephalus development following intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) participates in the balance of cerebrospinal fluid secretion and absorption. The current study investigated the role of AQP4 in the formation of hydrocephalus caused by iron overload after IVH.

Methods

There were three parts to this study. First, Sprague–Dawley rats received an intraventricular injection of 100 µl autologous blood or saline control. Second, rats had IVH and were treated with deferoxamine (DFX), an iron chelator, or vehicle. Third, rats had IVH and were treated with 2-(nicotinamide)-1,3,4-thiadiazole (TGN-020), a specific AQP4 inhibitor, or vehicle. Rats underwent T2-weighted and T2* gradient-echo magnetic resonance imaging to assess lateral ventricular volume and intraventricular iron deposition at 7, 14, and 28 days after intraventricular injection and were then euthanized. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence analyses were conducted on the rat brains to evaluate the expression of AQP4 at different time points. Hematoxylin and eosin–stained brain sections were obtained to assess the ventricular wall damage on day 28.

Results

Intraventricular injection of autologous blood caused a significant ventricular dilatation, iron deposition, and ventricular wall damage. There was increased AQP4 mRNA and protein expression in the periventricular tissue in IVH rats through day 7 to day 28. The DFX treatment group had a lower lateral ventricular volume and less intraventricular iron deposition and ventricular wall damage than the vehicle-treated group after IVH. The expression of AQP4 protein in periventricular tissue was also inhibited by DFX on days 14 and 28 after IVH. The use of TGN-020 attenuated hydrocephalus development after IVH and inhibited the expression of AQP4 protein in the periventricular tissue between day 14 and day 28 without a significant effect on intraventricular iron deposition or ventricular wall damage.

Conclusions

AQP4 located in the periventricular area mediated the effect of iron overload on hydrocephalus after IVH.
Continuum limits for discrete Dirac operators on 2D square lattices
Authors: Schmidt Karl Michael , Umeda Tomio
Published: May 2023

We discuss the continuum limit of discrete Dirac operators on the square lattice in $${\mathbb {R}}^2$$

R

2

as the mesh size tends to zero. To this end, we propose the most natural and simplest embedding of $$\ell ^2({\mathbb {Z}}_h^d)$$

ℓ
2

(

Z
h
d

)

into $$L^2({\mathbb {R}}^d)$$

L
2

(

R

d

)

, which enables us to compare the discrete Dirac operators with the continuum Dirac operators in the same Hilbert space $$L^2({\mathbb {R}}^2)^2$$

L
2

(

R

2

)

2

. In particular, we prove that the discrete Dirac operators converge to the continuum Dirac operators in the strong resolvent sense. Potentials are assumed to be bounded and uniformly continuous functions on $${\mathbb {R}}^2$$

R

2

and allowed to be complex matrix-valued. We also prove that the discrete Dirac operators do not converge to the continuum Dirac operators in the norm resolvent sense. This is closely related to the observation that the Liouville theorem does not hold in discrete complex analysis.
Heat shock protein 70 reflected the state of inhabited fish response to water quality within lake ecosystem
Authors: Rangaswamy B. , Kim W.-S. , Kwak I.-S.
Published: May 2023

Heat shock proteins are natural biomarker that plays a vital role in genetic variability and adaptive survival in organisms under environmental stress. We assessed the effect of the stressor using Heat shock protein 70 in Hemibarbus labeo and Lepomis macrochirus at three geological points of Juam and Yedang lake. The study focused on the stress-relieving effect of heat shock protein 70 expressed in fish associated with physicochemical factors in the lake ecosystem. We recorded significant upregulation (p < 0.05) of the heat shock protein 70 gene in L. macrochirus in Juam (0.99-fold) and Yedang (1.44-fold). The upregulation in H. labeo indicated 0.83-fold in Juam and 1.21-fold in Yedang. The water quality index determined using physicochemical factors was low in the middle regions of both lakes. However, the maximum gene expression distribution was found in Yedang. The two-way clustering analysis revealed ammonia, total phosphorus, and suspended solids with maximum stress threshold. Dissolved oxygen, pH, nitrate, and organic carbon were the stress factors with minimal concentrations induced expression. The key observations are (i) the vital influence of molecular markers regulated tolerance at initial stress levels, (ii) the synergistic effect of the stressors and Heat shock protein 70 induction impacted adaptive strategy in fishes to regain tolerance (iii) fish population (L. macrochirus) with elevated response exhibited maximum distribution, correlating with the practical scenario. Heat shock protein 70 expressions through metabolic compensation strategy thus influenced the size of inhabited fish population retarding biodiversity of the lake ecosystem.
Blood-Based Biomarkers for Managing Workload in Athletes: Considerations and Recommendations for Evidence-Based Use of Established Biomarkers
Authors: Haller Nils , Behringer Michael , Reichel Thomas , Wahl Patrick , Simon Perikles , Krüger Karsten , Zimmer Philipp , Stöggl Thomas
Published: May 2023

Blood-based biomarkers can provide an objective individualized measure of training load, recovery, and health status in order to reduce injury risk and maximize performance. Despite enormous potentials, especially owing to currently evolving technology, such as point-of-care testing, and advantages, in terms of objectivity and non-interference with the training process, there are several pitfalls in the use and interpretation of biomarkers. Confounding variables such as preanalytical conditions, inter-individual differences, or an individual chronic workload can lead to variance in resting levels. In addition, statistical considerations such as the detection of meaningful minimal changes are often neglected. The lack of generally applicable and individual reference levels further complicates the interpretation of level changes and thus load management via biomarkers. Here, the potentials and pitfalls of blood-based biomarkers are described, followed by an overview of established biomarkers currently used to support workload management. Creatine kinase is discussed in terms of its evidence for workload management to illustrate the limited applicability of established markers for workload management to date. We conclude with recommendations for best practices in the use and interpretation of biomarkers in a sport-specific context.
The association between sport type and eating/body image concerns in high school students: a cross-sectional observational study
Authors: D’Anna Giulio , Lucherini Angeletti Lorenzo , Benvenuti Federica , Melani Giulia , Ferroli Marco , Poli Francesca , Villano Rita Giulia , Ricca Valdo , Rotella Francesco
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Disordered eating and body image concerns are increasingly common among adolescents, possibly representing the underpinning of eating disorders (EDs). This cross-sectional observational study aimed at investigating the relationship between various patterns of sports involvement or inactivity, and the abovementioned psychopathological dimensions.

Methods

All adolescents attending their 3rd–5th Italian grade in a single high school reported their sociodemographic and anthropometric data, their weekly sports involvement, and filled the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire 6.0 (EDE-Q), the Body Uneasiness Test, and the Muscle Dysmorphia Disorder Inventory (for boys). Comparisons were performed considering sex, weekly hours of activity, and different sports type (none, individual, or team sports).

Results

Of 744 enrolled students, 522 (70.2%) completed the survey. Girls showed higher underweight rates, preference for inactivity or individual sports, and higher psychometric scores compared to boys. Among girls, no differences were found based on time spent exercising or sports type. Inactive boys displayed worse weight- and shape-based psychopathology, higher body uneasiness, and higher appearance intolerance compared to those who devoted more time to exercise. Among boys, individual and team sports were associated with lower EDE-Q scores compared to inactivity, whereas body uneasiness and appearance intolerance were lower only in team sports.

Conclusions

The study confirms the presence of remarkable sex differences in eating and body concerns of adolescents. Among boys, sports involvement is tied to lower ED psychopathology, and preference for team sports may be associated with reduced concerns. Wider longitudinal studies on will clarify the direction and specificity of these findings.

Level of evidence

Level V—Cross-sectional observational study.
UVA-induced metabolic changes in non-malignant skin cells and the potential role of pyruvate as antioxidant
Authors: Ivanova I. , Bogner C. , Gronwald W. , Kreutz M. , Kurz B. , Maisch T. , Kamenisch Y. , Berneburg M.
Published: May 2023

The exposure to UVA (320–400 nm) irradiation is a major threat to human skin concerning photoaging and carcinogenesis. It has been shown that UVA irradiation can induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) and DNA mutations, such as 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Furthermore, UVA induces the expression of photoaging-associated matrix metalloproteases (MMPs), especially of matrix metalloprotease 1 (MMP 1) and matrix metalloprotease 3 (MMP 3). In addition to this, it was recently shown that UVA-induced ROS also increase glucose metabolism of melanoma cells, however, the influence of UVA on the glucose metabolism of non-malignant cells of the human skin has, so far, not been investigated in detail. Here, we investigated the UVA-induced changes in glucose metabolism and the functional relevance of these changes in primary fibroblasts—normal non-malignant cells of the skin. These cells showed an UVA-induced enhanced glucose consumption and lactate production and changes in pyruvate production. As it has been proposed that pyruvate could have antioxidant properties we tested the functional relevance of pyruvate as protective agent against UVA-induced ROS. Our initial experiments support earlier publications, demonstrating that pyruvate treated with H2O2 is non-enzymatically transformed to acetate. Furthermore, we show that this decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetate also occurs upon UVA irradiation. In addition to this, we could show that in fibroblasts pyruvate has antioxidant properties as enhanced levels of pyruvate protect cells from UVA-induced ROS and partially from a DNA mutation by the modified base 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine. Furthermore, we describe for the first time, that the interaction of UVA with pyruvate is relevant for the regulation of photoaging-associated MMP 1 and MMP 3 expression.

Graphical abstract
Kant on Freedom
Authors: Ware Owen
Published: May 2023

Kant's early critics maintained that his theory of freedom faces a dilemma: either it reduces the will's activity to strict necessity by making it subject to the causality of the moral law, or it reduces the will's activity to blind chance by liberating it from rules of any kind. This Element offers a new interpretation of Kant's theory against the backdrop of this controversy. It argues that Kant was a consistent proponent of the claim that the moral law is the causal law of a free will, and that the supposed ability of free will to choose indifferently between options is an empty concept. Freedom, for Kant, is a power to initiate action from oneself, and the only way to exercise this power is through the law of one's own will, the moral law. Immoral action is not thereby rendered impossible, but it also does not express a genuine ability.
Chaotic tracial dynamics
Authors: Jacelon Bhishan
Published: May 2023

The action on the trace space induced by a generic automorphism of a suitable finite classifiable

${\mathrm {C}^*}$

-algebra is shown to be chaotic and weakly mixing. Model

${\mathrm {C}^*}$

-algebras are constructed to observe the central limit theorem and other statistical features of strongly chaotic tracial actions. Genericity of finite Rokhlin dimension is used to describe

$KK$

-contractible stably projectionless

${\mathrm {C}^*}$

-algebras as crossed products.