bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploring the Effect of Gomisin A on Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer With Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking, In Vitro and In Vivo Assays
Authors: Liu Mei , Yang Kai , Qiu Huibing
Published: November 2024

Gomisin A is an active ingredient of Schisandra chinensis. Pre‐clinical studies suggest Gomisin A has good anti‐cancer activities against a variety of cancers, but its mechanism of action in non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is unclear. This study aims to explore the potential mechanism of Gomisin A in treating NSCLC. The SwissTargetPrediction, CTD, HERB and PharmMapper databases were used to collect related targets of Gomisin A. NSCLC‐related genes were obtained using the GEO, CTD, DisGeNET, OMIM, GeneCards, NCBI, and PharmGKB databases. The central targets and potential mechanisms of Gomisin A against NSCLC were screened using network pharmacology and molecular docking. Finally, the therapeutic activity of Gomisin A on NSCLC was verified by experiments. A total of 161 potential targets of Gomisin A against NSCLC were identified. TNF, AKT1, STAT3, and IL6 were identified as the central targets of Gomisin A. The binding energy of Gomisin A and the central targets was less than −5 kcal/mol. Gomisin A could inhibit NSCLC cell viability, migration and invasion and induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Gomisin A also inhibited in vivo metastasis of NSCLC cells. In addition, Gomisin A could also reduce the expression level of the central targets and inhibit the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway. In summary, Gomisin A may be a candidate drug for the treatment of NSCLC, and TNF, AKT1, STAT3, and IL6 are potential targets for Gomisin A in NSCLC treatment, and its therapeutic mechanism may be related to the PI3K‐Akt signaling pathway.
Postoperative Nodal Efficiency of the Lesional‐Hemispheric Hand Motor Area Increasing Potentially Facilitated Motor Recovery for SMA Syndrome
Authors: Weng Shimeng , Meng Zhaoting , Li Lianwang , Li Jinshi , Fan Xing , Zhang Zhong , Wang Yinyan , Jiang Tao , Fang Shengyu
Published: November 2024

Background

Supplementary motor area (SMA) syndrome commonly occurs after glioma resection and requires weeks to months of recovery.

Methods

Thirty‐four glioma patients with SMA syndrome were reviewed and assigned to recovered and non‐recovered groups based on whether their motor function recovered on postoperative day 7. To validate the association between variations in nodal properties and recovery time, neuro‐navigated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (nrTMS) was applied to stimulate potential nodes. Nine other patients (five nrTMS therapy and four sham‐nrTMS treatments) with SMA syndrome with unrecovered motor functions on postoperation day 7 were prospectively enrolled.

Results

The potential nodes of the sensorimotor network related to recovery time were investigated using preoperative and postoperative resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging, graph theoretical analysis, and dynamic functional connectome analysis. Nodal efficiency of the lesional‐hemispheric upper limb region of BA 4 (A4ul_L) increased in the recovered group (preoperative, 0.472 ± 0.027; postoperative, 0.535 ± 0.020; p = 0.0006). The patients in the nrTMS therapy group quickly recovered (12.0 ± 1.6 days) compared to the sham‐nrTMS group (29.5 ± 3.8 days, p = 0.0024). Variations in A4ul_L nodal efficiency was negatively correlated with recovery time (r = −0.841; p = 0.0046).

Conclusion

A4ul_L demonstrates enhanced postoperative nodal efficiency and shows therapeutic potential in SMA syndrome recovery, suggesting its viability as a therapeutic target.
Diffusion‐Weighted Imaging Does Not Differentiate Between Bacterial and Fungal Skull Base Osteomyelitis
Authors: Karthat Arun G. , Regi Soumya , Thomas Habie , Sara Katti B. , Beula Subashini P. , Sundaresan Rajan , Thomas Regi
Published: November 2024

Objective

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) value helps in differentiating infections from neoplasms on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We investigate the diffusion‐weighted images in skull base osteomyelitis (SBO) to evaluate if ADC values can differentiate fungal and bacterial SBO and to analyse the microbiology of all SBO patients.

Design

Retrospective observational study.

Setting

Quaternary care referral centre.

Participants

A retrospective review of 142 patients diagnosed and treated for SBO patients from January 2010 to May 2023 was done.

Main Outcome Measure

Chi‐square or Fisher's exact test was used to compare ADC values of bacterial and fungal SBO.

Results

The most common pathogens isolated were Pseudomonas (42.2%), Aspergillus (30.98%), and
S. aureus
(23.94%). The average ADC value of affected soft tissues among patients was 1.13 ± 0.26 × 10−3 mm2/s compared to the average ADC value of normal soft tissue, 1.34 ± 0.31 × 10−3 mm2/s. There was no statistical significance when comparing the average ADC values of bacterial and fungal SBO patients (p value = 0.142).

Conclusion

This study suggests that though infection due to Pseudomonas was the commonest, it was detected only in 42.2% of patients. More than half of the cases had organisms other than Pseudomonas, demanding the clinician to obtain deeper biopsies early in the course of the disease for microbiological analysis. DWI does not help differentiate bacterial and fungal SBO, again emphasising the need for deeper tissue biopsies in all these patients to assist in the early identification of the pathogen.
Microencapsulation of Caucasian blueberries (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) anthocyanins: Colour stability in varying storage conditions
Authors: Girgin Serpil , Üçüncü Osman , Baltacı Cemalettin , Muslu Aykoç Ayşe
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction of anthocyanins from the fruits of Caucasian blueberry (Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.) and examine the colour stability of anthocyanins encapsulated through spray drying in model systems. The trials were conducted to determine the optimal conditions for anthocyanin extraction using an ultrasonic water bath at temperatures of 25, 50 and 75°C. The ideal anthocyanin extraction occurred at 25°C using 100% acetone in an ultrasonic bath for 15 min at 35 kHz. Anthocyanin concentrations were evaluated using the pH differential method. The extracted anthocyanins were encapsulated through spray drying with maltodextrin as the encapsulating material. The encapsulation efficiency was 80.4 ± 0.20%, and the anthocyanin retention rate was 83.0 ± 0.76%. The coloured capsules were added to model systems with pH values of 4.50, 5.00, 5.50 and 6.00. The colour values (L* 50.16 ± 0.05, a* 4.08 ± 0.04, b* −9.35 ± 0.01, H° 293.57 ± 0.15, C* 10.20 ± 0.03) were measured during varying storage conditions. The results showed, that colour loss began on the fifth day and this was accelerated with higher temperatures and pH values. It was found that encapsulation significantly preserved the stability of the blue colour and the loss of the blue colour followed first‐order reaction kinetics. The study showed that the blue colour of microcapsules was best preserved at pH 5.00 at 25°C. In this case, the measured total colour change (∆E) was 5.86, the activation energy (Ea) was 37.64 kJ/mol, and the half‐life (t1/2) was determined to be 19.08 days.
Correlation between antihypertensive drugs and cerebral hemodynamic parameters: insights from observational findings using transcranial Doppler
Authors: Machado Michel Ferreira , Muela Henrique Cotchi Simbo , Costa‐Hong Valeria Aparecida , Moraes Natalia Cristina , Memória Claudia Maia , Bor‐Seng‐Shu Edson , Nitrini Ricardo , Bortolotto Luiz Aparecido , Nogueira Ricardo de Carvalho
Published: November 2024

Background

Antihypertensives (AHD) can influence cerebral autoregulation (CA) and attenuate hypertrophic concentric remodelling of arterioles. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between AHD, CA and structural and functional properties of cerebral arteries.

Methods

In this observational, cross‐sectional study 115 volunteers were divided in group 1 (non‐hypertensive) [n = 30]; group 2 (hypertensive with systolic blood pressure [SBP] < 140 and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] < 90 mmHg) [n = 54]; group 3 (hypertensive with SBP ≥ 140 or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg) [n = 31] and simultaneous measurements of systemic blood pressure (BP) and middle cerebral artery blood flow velocity (CBFV) were obtained from digital plethysmography and transcranial Doppler. Beat‐to‐beat, critical closing pressure (CrCP), resistance‐area product (RAP) and autoregulation index (ARI) values were extracted by linear regression analysis of instantaneous BP and CBFV waveforms using computerised analysis. Pulsatility index (PI) was calculated and CO2 reactivity was assessed by the breath‐holding test.

Results

Despite their higher RAP (1.7 [±0.7], p < 0.001) compared to groups 1 and 2, uncontrolled hypertensive using diuretics (p = 0.047) and α2‐agonists (p = 0.009) had significantly lower PI. Impaired CO2 reactivity was common between the two hypertensive groups (p = 0.008), however ARI, CrCP and CBFV did not differ between them and non‐hypertensive individuals and also did not correlate with any AHD used.

Conclusions

Unlike the RAP, PI does not seem to reflect the real cerebrovascular resistence resulting from chronic arterial remodelling. Despite impaired CO2 reactivity, hypertensive have arterial tonus and CA comparable to non‐hypertensive. Experimental studies involving an untreated hypertensive control group are required to robustly make definitive conclusions about these questions.
De‐intensification of basal‐bolus therapy by replacing prandial insulin with once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide in individuals with well‐controlled type 2 diabetes: A single‐centre, open‐label randomised trial (TRANSITION‐T2D)
Authors: Rodriguez Paloma , Breslaw Nikki , Xiao Huijun , Bena Jim , Jenkins Kimberly , Isaacs Diana , Zhou Keren , Griebeler Marcio L. , Burguera Bartolome , Pantalone Kevin M. ,   for the TRANSITION‐T2D Investigators
Published: November 2024

Aims

The study aims to examine the outcome of replacement of prandial insulin with once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide in people with type 2 diabetes reasonably controlled on multiple daily insulin injections (MDI).

Materials and Methods

This single‐centre, randomised, open‐label trial enrolled a statistically predetermined sample of 60 adults with HbA1c ≤7.5% (58 mmol/mol) receiving MDI, with a total daily dose (TDD) ≤120 units/day. Participants were assigned 2:1 to subcutaneous semaglutide 1.0 mg plus insulin degludec, or to continue MDI. The primary outcome was percentage of subjects maintaining HbA1c ≤7.5% (58 mmol/mol) at Week 26.

Results

At Week 26, 90% of semaglutide and 75% of MDI subjects maintained HbA1c ≤7.5% (≤58 mmol/mol) (p = 0.18). Mean changes (95% CI) in HbA1c, weight and percentage body weight for semaglutide versus MDI, respectively, were −0.5% (−0.7, −0.3) versus 0.0% (−0.3, 0.3; p = 0.009); −8.9 kg (−9.9, −7.8) versus 1.5 kg (−0.1, 3.1; p < 0.001); and −8.6% (−9.6, −7.6) versus 1.4% (0.0, 2.8; p < 0.001). Insulin TDD decreased 56.0% (−62.3, −49.7) with semaglutide and increased 6.7% (−2.5, 16.0) with MDI (p < 0.001). Among semaglutide subjects, 58% reduced insulin TDD > 50%, 97.5% stopped prandial insulin and 45% lost >10% body weight. Participant treatment satisfaction scores trended higher with semaglutide. Hypoglycaemia frequency was similar between groups.

Conclusions

In people with type 2 diabetes well controlled (HbA1c ≤7.5% [≤58 mmol/mol]) on MDI ≤120 units/day, replacing multiple daily injections of prandial insulin with once‐weekly subcutaneous semaglutide can maintain and even improve HbA1c, lower body weight and lessen the burden of management.
Host location of gall parasitoids—A case study using the Quadrastichus mendeli–Leptocybe invasa system
Authors: Huang Zong‐You , Tang Liu‐Hang , Wang Xiao‐Yun , Lu Wen , Zheng Xia‐Lin
Published: November 2024

Galls are thought to be induced by insects for protection, yet many gall‐forming insects experience heavy parasitization. Little is known about how parasitoids locate gall‐forming insects. Quadrastichus mendeli Kim & La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is an obligate ectoparasitoid of the larvae of Leptocybe invasa Fisher et La Salle (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), which is an invasive gall‐forming pest in eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp., Myrtaceae) plantations. In this study, Q. mendeli and L. invasa were used to explore parasitoid behavior when locating gall‐forming insects. Our results revealed that host location by Q. mendeli involved five discrete steps: walking, resting or grooming, antennating, probing and stinging. Antennation was the most frequent behavior, accounting for about half of the total time. Host location behavior of Q. mendeli occurred in the photophase. Female Q. mendeli exhibited a clear circadian rhythm: Almost all behaviors occurred during the photophase, and behavior peaked at the sixth hour of the light phase. The olfactory response rates of Q. mendeli to volatiles from galls decreased significantly after their antennae were detached. However, there was no significant difference in the host location behavior of Q. mendeli after their eyes were obscured. Our results provide essential information to explore the host location mechanisms in gall parasitoids.
Unveiling Digital Transformation and Teaching Prowess in English Education During COVID‐19 With Structural Equation Modelling
Authors: Younas Muhammad , Dong Yan , Zhao Guoqing , Menhas Rashid , Luan Lin , Noor Uzma
Published: November 2024

The present research looks at the reputation of digital platforms in online pedagogical English education in Pakistan, and the use of digital technology in virtual classrooms during public health emergencies. It explores how faculty members use digital technology in their pedagogical English teaching approaches by analysing their technological skill level. To achieve the study's objectives, an online survey was undertaken to gather primary data. University teachers delivering online courses during COVID‐19 in several cities throughout Punjab Province answered an online questionnaire survey. Smart‐PLS 3.3.9 and structural equation modelling (SEM) were used to investigate the recommended research framework. SEM analysis results showed that all proposed hypotheses were confirmed. This research presents an overview of faculty members' online pedagogical teaching abilities and digital technology during COVID‐19. The research findings are critical for determining how to incorporate technology during the pandemic period and to integrate technology into higher education during the new normal.
Generative Artificial Intelligence (ChatGPT‐4) and Social Media Impact on Academic Performance and Psychological Well‐Being in China's Higher Education
Authors: Shahzad Muhammad Farrukh , Xu Shuo , Liu Huizheng , Zahid Hira
Published: November 2024

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) and the extensive use of social media have transformed how students engage with educational materials and interact with their peers. Collaborative learning (CL) platforms, empowered by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, have gained popularity due to their potential to enhance learning outcomes and provide personalised educational experiences. This research examines the effects of generative AI (ChatGPT‐4) and social media use on young students' academic performance and psychological well‐being, focusing on CL. The study conceptual framework was examined based on a sample of 441 Chinese university students. The statistical technique PLS‐SEM is put into practice to measure the structural framework of academic performance and psychological well‐being. The findings of this study show that generative AI (ChatGPT‐4) and social media positively influence young students' academic performance and psychological well‐being. Additionally, the results of this research study show that CL positively mediates between social media, academic performance and psychological well‐being. Conversely, it negatively mediates the association between generative AI (ChatGPT‐4), academic performance (AP), and psychological well‐being. The findings can facilitate a better understanding of the implications of technologies in the educational context and subsequently aid in formulating evidence‐based strategies to optimise their impact on students's academic success and well‐being.
Safety of Crovalimab Versus Eculizumab in Patients With Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria (PNH): Pooled Results From the Phase 3 COMMODORE Studies
Authors: Röth Alexander , Fu Rong , He Guangsheng , Alzahrani Hazzaa , Chou Sheng‐Chieh , Hicheri Yosr , Kaźmierczak Maciej , Recova Viviane Lacorte , Uchiyama Michihiro , Vladareanu Ana‐Maria , Beveridge Leigh , Buatois Simon , Buri Muriel , Compagno Nicolo , Shi Dayu , Balachandran Nadiesh , Sreckovic Sasha , Scheinberg Phillip
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To evaluate the tolerability of crovalimab versus eculizumab in C5 inhibitor (C5i)‐naive and ‐experienced patients with PNH from COMMODORE 2, 3 and 1 (NCT04434092, NCT04654468 and NCT04432584).

Methods

Pooled safety data were assessed in the total crovalimab and eculizumab populations and by C5i‐naive versus C5i‐switched status in patients receiving crovalimab. Analyses include 6.5 months of additional follow‐up from the COMMODORE 2 and 1 primary analyses.

Results

COMMODORE safety data (crovalimab, 393 patients [naive, 192 patients; switched, 201 patients]; eculizumab, 111 patients) were analysed. The total patient years (PY) were 503.9 and 51.1 in the total crovalimab and eculizumab populations, respectively, with 471 and 581 adverse events (AEs) per 100 PY. Serious infection rates were 8.9 and 13.7 AEs per 100 PY, respectively; no meningococcal infections were reported. Fatal AEs occurred in eight (2%) patients receiving crovalimab (naive, six patients; switched, two patients) and one (1%) receiving eculizumab, all treatment unrelated. In C5i‐switched patients, 39 (19%) had transient immune complex reactions (risk when switching between C5i and crovalimab); the majority were Grades 1–2 arthralgia and rash, and 16 (8%) had Grade 3 events.

Conclusions

Crovalimab's safety profile was consistent with eculizumab's and was generally comparable between C5i‐naive and C5i‐switched patients.
Investigating heading representation in the zebrafish interpeduncular nucleus (2024 FENS‐Kavli network of excellence PhD thesis prize)
Authors: Petrucco Luigi
Published: November 2024

The brain's ability to integrate sensory and motor information allows us to maintain a sense of orientation in space, a process in which head‐direction cells play a key role. While these neurons have been studied extensively in mammals, their presence and function in non‐mammalian species remain less understood. Here, I summarize the research work for my PhD thesis, where we explore the interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) in zebrafish, a lesser known brain region, using whole‐brain electron microscopy and calcium imaging techniques. We identified a novel population of unipolar neurons, with their activity exhibiting a dynamic, rotational pattern during head movements, even in the absence of sensory cues. This population mirrors the functionality of head‐direction cells observed in mammals, suggesting a conserved mechanism for spatial orientation across vertebrates. Our findings reveal the potential of the zebrafish IPN as a vertebrate model for studying ring attractor networks, a theoretical framework previously used to explain head‐direction cell activity. These results pave the way for future research on how motor and sensory signals converge in the vertebrate brain to maintain spatial orientation.
Comparison of different surgical strategies for cervical dystonia: Evidence from Bayesian network analysis
Authors: Qiu Youjia , Xue Tao , Bai Yutong , Han Chunlei , Xie Minjia , Teng Haiyin , Yin Ziqian , Chen Zhouqing , Zhang Jianguo , Wang Zhong
Published: November 2024

Background and purpose

Several surgical techniques have been used to treat cervical dystonia (CD), however, to date, the optimal surgical technique for CD remains controversial. We therefore conducted the first network meta‐analysis to compare different surgical strategies for CD to inform clinical practice.

Methods

Electronic databases were searched for surgical strategies for treating CD. The primary outcome was improvement in total Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale (TWSTRS) score. Subgroup analysis was performed to compare short‐term (< 1 year) and long‐term (≥ 1 year) outcomes. Safety outcomes included surgery‐related adverse events (AEs).

Results

A total of 55 trials with 2032 patients employing five surgical strategies were identified, including globus pallidus internus (GPi)/subthalamic nucleus (STN)‐deep brain stimulation (DBS), selective peripheral denervation (SPD), microvascular decompression (MVD) and pallidotomy. All strategies led to significant improvement in total TWSTRS score (mean improvement range 18.65–28.22). GPi‐DBS showed significantly greater enhancement than SPD for the whole dataset (mean difference [MD] 7.03, 95% credible interval [Crl] 1.53–12.56), while both GPi‐DBS (MD 8.05, 95% Crl 2.35–13.80) and STN‐DBS (MD 10.71, 95% Crl 2.22–19.20) exhibited more long‐term improvement than SPD. Regarding safety outcomes, GPi/STN‐DBS and MVD were associated with fewer surgery‐related AEs than SPD (ln odds ratio range −1.68 to −1.41).

Conclusion

We conclude that DBS should be the preferred surgical option for CD, and the STN is a promising alternative target choice due to its comparable efficacy with the GPi. However, more direct evidence is still required.
LightAuth: A Lightweight Sensor Nodes Authentication Framework for Smart Health System
Authors: Adil Zain Ul Islam , Iqbal Khan Majid , Sanam Kahkishan , Malik Saif U. R. , Moqurrab Syed Atif , Srivastava Gautam
Published: November 2024

Counterfeit medical devices pose a threat to patient safety, necessitating a secure device authentication system for medical applications. Resource‐constrained sensory nodes are vulnerable to hacking, prompting the need for robust security measures. Token‐based authentication schemes, such as one‐time passwords (OTPs), smart cards, key fobs, and mobile authentication apps, along with certificate‐based authentication methods, such as client and code‐signing, employ cryptographic frameworks like elliptical curve cryptography (ECC) and physical unclonable functions (PUF). However, these methods face challenges, including block sequence issues and susceptibility to side‐channel attacks. To address these issues, we propose a framework for mutual authentication using private Ethereum. This framework integrates private Ethereum and cryptographic techniques for encrypting and decrypting data using mathematical algorithms to overcome block sequence issues and side‐channel attacks. Similarly, fog nodes are utilised to enhance local computing, storage, and networking capabilities for sensors. The framework is evaluated using metrics such as communication costs, execution costs, and computation costs based on Ethereum gas consumption. The performance of the LightAuth framework is compared with that of the Smart Contracts Against Counterfeit IoMT (SCACIoMT) framework, designed for Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) devices. The effectiveness of LightAuth is verified through formal security analysis using BAN logic.
DSL‐Driven Approaches and Metamodels for Chatbot Development: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Ouaddi Charaf , Benaddi Lamya , Bouziane El Mahi , Jakimi Abdeslam , Chehri Abdellah , Saadane Rachid
Published: November 2024

Chatbots have emerged as ubiquitous tools for enhancing user interaction across various platforms, from customer service to personal assistance. They are computer programs that simulate and process human conversation, either written, spoken or both. However, developing efficient chatbots remains a challenge, primarily due to the intricate nature of critical components of chatbots like natural language understanding (NLU) requiring a subscription from intent recognition providers like Dialogflow and Amazon Lex. This makes chatbots closely linked to NLP services and can be locked in. Recently, various research studies have provided solutions to reduce the workload of developers and designers. These approaches have proposed model‐driven development via domain‐specific languages (DSLs), which make the chatbot development process more accessible and more automated. This advancement aims to enhance effectiveness in chatbot development by leveraging DSLs. This study aims to provide a comprehensive overview of DSLs for developing chatbots, with the first contribution comprising various research topics, tools, approaches, and technologies employed to implement DSLs. Second, this work aims to assess and contrast the primary DSLs currently available for chatbot development, focusing on presenting the key elements used in constructing these DSLs. Third, this study identifies the challenges and limitations of using DSLs in chatbot development.
EGF/EGFR‐YAP1/TEAD2 signaling upregulates STIM1 in vemurafenib resistant melanoma cells
Authors: Bai Weiyu , Yan Chenghao , Yang Yichen , Sang Lei , Hao Qinggang , Yao Xinyi , Zhang Yingru , Yu Jia , Wang Yifan , Li Xiaowen , Meng Mingyao , Yang Jilong , Shen Junling , Sun Yan , Sun Jianwei
Published: November 2024

Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) is the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor for store‐operated calcium entry and is closely associated with carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Previously, we found that STIM1 is upregulated in melanoma cells resistant to the serine/threonine‐protein kinase B‐raf inhibitor vemurafenib, although the mechanism underlying this upregulation is unknown. Here, we show that vemurafenib resistance upregulates STIM1 through an epidermal growth factor (EGF)/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)‐Yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1)/TEA domain transcription factor 2 (TEAD2) signaling axis. Vemurafenib resistance can lead to an increase in EGF and EGFR levels, causing activation of the EGFR signaling pathway, which promotes YAP1 nuclear localization to increase the expression of STIM1. Our findings not only reveal the mechanism by which vemurafenib resistance promotes STIM1 upregulation, but also provide a rationale for combined targeting of the EGF/EGFR‐YAP1/TEAD2‐STIM1 axis to improve the therapeutic efficacy of BRAF inhibitor in melanoma patients.
Mechanical Behavior of Multiple Edge‐Cracked Nanobeams by Taking Into Account the Multiple Cracks Effects
Authors: Vantadori Sabrina , Ronchei Camilla , Scorza Daniela , Zanichelli Andrea
Published: November 2024

By exploiting the stress‐driven model, within the Euler–Bernoulli beam theory, a novel nonlocal analytical model is proposed in order to simulate the mechanical behavior of multiple edge–cracked nanobeams by taking into account the multiple cracks effects. According to the present model, the nanobeam is split in correspondence with each of the
edge cracks, thus obtaining
beam segments, connected to each other by means of massless elastic rotational springs. Firstly, the proposed model is validated by considering experimental data available in the literature, related to bending tests on two cantilever microbeams, each of them containing a single edge crack (i.e.,
). Then, the model is employed to simulate a bending test on a cracked cantilever microbeam containing two edge cracks (i.e.,
) and a parametric study is performed by varying both the crack depth, the distance between cracks, and the characteristic length of the material in order to investigate the influence of such parameters on the microbeam mechanical response.
Dynamic Responses of Soil Organic Carbon to Urbanization: A Global Perspective
Authors: Xu Fangjin , Zhao Shuqing , Li Shuangcheng
Published: November 2024

Rapid global urbanization has a complex impact on soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. Through its direct and indirect impacts on soil formation and development, urbanization greatly influences SOC stocks. However, the extent to which urbanization affects SOC stocks globally remains unclear. In this study, we utilized an urban–rural gradient approach to assess the effects of urbanization on SOC stocks at both global and national scales. First, we calculated the urbanization intensity (UI) at a 1 km scale globally, categorizing urbanization into three stages: low (0 ≤ UI ≤ 25), medium (25 < UI ≤ 75), and high (75 < UI ≤ 100). Additionally, we distinguished the contributions of natural factors and human activities and analyzed the effects of land‐use changes in eight representative cities. We found the following: (1) The SOC stocks exhibit distinct trends with increasing UI, but when UI is low or high, an increase in UI is associated with decreasing SOC stocks (reductions of 6.8% and 5.4% at a depth of 30 cm; 6.4% and 3.2% at a depth of 100 cm, respectively). (2) Changes in human activities are the main drivers of SOC stock changes during urbanization. At low and medium urban intensities, the contributions of human activities reach 98% and 89%, respectively. Additionally, land‐use transitions are closely correlated with SOC stock changes, particularly in areas near the urban core, across different climate zones. (3) The response of SOC to urbanization varies across climatic zones. In water‐scarce arid climates, attention should be given to the negative effects of urbanization, and more targeted measures should be taken to enhance the carbon sequestration capacity of urban soils. This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic interplay between urbanization and SOC stocks, underscoring the need for tailored strategies to manage soil carbon in urban environments.
Historical Geographies of Engineering: Knowledges, Practices, Identities
Authors: Dishington Rachel
Published: November 2024

Drawing on established scholarship in the historical geography of science, the history of technology and science and technology studies, this paper argues for the significance of an historical geography of engineering. Large‐scale and transformative infrastructure projects have been a common focus in historical geography, however comparatively little attention has been paid to the engineers responsible for designing and implementing them. This paper reviews recent work which has foregrounded engineers and their work across diverse times and places. It conceptualises engineering in three ways: as a form of knowledge about the world that is connected to, but distinct from, science; as a set of practices undertaken in specific locations; and as an identity that, since the profession's origin in the 18th century, has enabled individuals to claim expertise in relation to environmental management and therefore exert power over land, territory and people. The article reviews geographical inquiry that foregrounds these perspectives on engineering and suggests future directions for research in the field.
Official Turnover and Embodied Carbon Emissions: Evidence From Industrial Linkages in China's Prefecture‐Level Cities
Authors: Wang Xuheng , Chen Jieping
Published: November 2024

Carbon emission is the most critical environmental pollution issue today. However, regional trade and industrial linkages have changed the traditional carbon emission pattern. As a public product with strong negative externalities, carbon emissions inevitably lead to severe consequences if the market is allowed to adjust itself. Therefore, public policies made by government officials have an important role in environmental governance and emission reduction. This paper uses China's Multi‐regional Input‐Output (MRIO) table and official turnover data of 269 prefecture‐level cities in China for the empirical test. The results show that official turnover has a significant positive impact on embodied carbon emissions between regions. Heterogeneity analysis shows that the inter‐provincial turnover of officials and the turnover between regional central cities results in more significant embodied carbon emissions. Further research finds that the longer the officials stay in their previous positions or as new local government leaders, the greater the embodied carbon emissions caused by their turnover. In addition, the turnover of officials affects interregional embodied carbon emissions by promoting regional entrepreneurship, venture capital and structure transformation of industries. The findings of this paper provide essential enlightenment for optimizing Chinese local government governance and promoting the transformation of the economic development mode.
Efficacy and Safety of Vonoprazan in Dual/Triple/Quadruple Regimens Both in First‐Line and Rescue Therapy for Helicobacter pylori Eradication: A Systematic Review With Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Benito Belén Martínez , Nyssen Olga P. , Gisbert Javier P.
Published: November 2024

Background

The efficacy of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) eradication therapies encompassing one or more antibiotics and a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) has lately decreased. Vonoprazan (VPZ), a potassium‐competitive acid blocker, provides higher gastric acid suppression than PPIs. We performed a meta‐analysis evaluating the efficacy and safety of VPZ in H. pylori eradication therapies.

Methods

Studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to June 2023. Efficacy was evaluated by intention‐to‐treat analysis. Data were combined by meta‐analyzing risk differences (RD). Heterogeneity was evaluated by subgrouping.

Results

Seventy‐seven studies (24 randomized clinical trials) evaluated 44,162 patients (22,297 receiving VPZ and 21,865 PPIs). Overall VPZ efficacy was 88% (95% CI = 87%–90%): 86%, 88%, and 94% for dual/triple/quadruple‐VPZ‐containing therapies. VPZ efficacy was 87% (86%–89%) in first‐line and 90% (87%–93%) in rescue therapy. VPZ performed better than PPIs in treatment‐naïve patients (87% vs. 70%; RD = 0.13, 95% CI = 0.11–0.15) and when using triple regimens. No significant differences were observed in rescue and quadruple therapies. In patients with clarithromycin‐resistant infection, VPZ‐based therapies demonstrated an 81% efficacy (76%–85%), surpassing PPIs (76% vs. 40%; RD = 0.33, 95% CI = 0.24–0.43). For clarithromycin‐susceptible strains, VPZ efficacy was 92% (89%–95%), similar to PPIs. VPZ adverse events rate was 19% (16%–21%), comparable to PPI‐based regimens (18% vs. 13%, respectively; RD = 0.00, 95% CI = −0.01 to 0.02, p = 0.57).

Conclusions

The efficacy of VPZ‐based regimens was over 85% in all treatment combinations. In treatment‐naïve and clarithromycin‐resistant patients, VPZ performed better than PPIs. In rescue therapy, in clarithromycin‐susceptible patients or when quadruple regimens were prescribed, this advantage was not confirmed. Tolerability was similar in both regimens.
Microwave dielectric properties of Na2O–Ln2O3–MoO3–TiO2 (Ln = Nd, La and Ce) system with low‐sintering temperature
Authors: Li Wen‐Bo , Pang Li‐Xia , Wang Xiao‐Long , Liu Wei‐Guo , Yao Xiaogang , Lin Huixing , Liu Wen‐Feng , Zhou Di
Published: November 2024

This study examines the low‐loss and temperature‐stable Na2O–Ln2O3–MoO3–TiO2 (Ln = Nd, La and Ce) system, synthesized via a solid‐state process at low‐sintering temperatures ranging from 840°C to 900°C The structure, microstructure and microwave properties of the Na0.5Ln0.5MoO4–TiO2 (Ln = Nd, La and Ce) ceramics as a function of the sintering temperature were studied. The results of XRD patterns and microstructure characterization showed that the main phase in compositions belong to tetragonal scheelite and tetragonal structure. The ceramic composition Na0.5Ln0.5MoO4–TiO2 (Ln = Nd, La and Ce), sintered at 840°C–900°C for 2 hours, demonstrated excellent microwave dielectric properties, exhibiting relative dielectric constant (εr) of 13.9–14.4, Q × f value of about 31 100 (at 9.66 GHz) – 48 600 GHz (at 9.33 GHz), and temperature coefficient of –8.1 to –1 ppm/°C. Our work designs temperature‐stable microwave dielectric ceramics with low‐sintering temperature for LTCC technology applications.
Putting skin in the game: a descriptive study of lower extremity ulcers in general medical inpatients
Authors: Wong Melanie , Daly Stuart , Katanas Jeremy , Shea Hermione , Upton Larelle , Puyk Kathy , Thayaparan Archana , Kern Johannes S. , Gibbs Harry , Aung Ar Kar
Published: November 2024

Lower extremity ulcers contribute a significant burden to patient care. Targeted investigation and management are pertinent to improving patient outcomes. We evaluated the aetiology, risk factors, investigations and management of lower extremity ulcers in general medicine patients. There was evidence of under‐ordering of appropriate investigations, and over‐treatment for infection. We proposed a quality improvement initiative to optimise lower extremity ulcer care.
Jungian Psychodrama and Nursing Education
Authors: Yüceyurt Nil Küçük
Published: November 2024

Nursing, by its philosophy, is the process of providing quality care with an existential, humanitarian and holistic approach. In this context, nursing education aims to develop the intellectual, emotional and social skills of students to the greatest extent by reinforcing them with ideals. The psychodrama method, which can be a significant part of the therapeutic process of individuation and self‐realisation, may be seen as a way for this. Psychodrama, which is a group psychotherapy method, is practiced worldwide under different styles and schools for the therapeutic processes of individuals. Jungian psychodrama is an approach that combines analytical psychology and drama therapy and aims to discover and transform the inner worlds of individuals. This article discusses the fundamental concepts and principles of Jungian psychodrama, the relationships of psychodrama with the profession of nursing, education in this profession and how Jungian psychodrama can be employed in nursing.
Temperature‐dependent heat transfer deterioration in ordered graphene/ceramic composites
Authors: Zhang Baoxi , Zhou Xiaohan , Zhang Zhanxiang , Rui Shenglong , Wang Jiangwen , Zhang Weiwei
Published: November 2024

Boosting heat transfer of ultrahigh temperature ceramics (UHTCs) with dimensional‐crossover graphene has become an increasing challenge for improving the thermal protective performance of new‐generation spacecraft. Yet its characteristics of anisotropic and high interfacial thermal resistance inevitably cause heat transfer deterioration at high temperatures. Here we develop a few ZrB2/graphene/ZrB2 interface‐dominated diffuse models that are driven by bonding configurations and thermal converger. It has been found that forming stronger bonding configurations by Zr‐C interfacial bonding and designing a preferred thermal converger by ordered graphene are both unarguable ways of suppressing high‐temperature heat transfer deterioration. Each Zr‐C interfacial bonding serves as an independent sluice gate to accelerate heat flow. More high‐frequency phonons are excited at high temperature, which augments the interfacial thermal conductance from 38.5 to 335.4 MW·m−2·K−1 at 700 K. Impressively, a concept of thermal converger inspires us to adopt ordered graphene for changing the diverging behavior in isotropic ZrB2 composites. Its convergent process combines with anisotropic characteristics to transform the isotropic heat flow into the highly ordered graphene. Their thermal conductance can be regulated from minimum (2.5) to maximum (80.8 W·m−1·K−1) by rotating the ordered graphene from 90° to 7.5°. This work paves an optimal way for manipulating the heat transfer of UHTCs.
Species Traits and Island Biogeography: Wing Metrics Linked to Avian Dispersal Ability Predict Species Occurrence on Remote Islands Worldwide
Authors: Bastidas‐Urrutia Ana Maria , Biber Matthias F. , Böhning‐Gaese Katrin , Fritz Susanne A. , Kreft Holger , Tobias Joseph A. , Weigelt Patrick , Hof Christian
Published: November 2024

Aim

We assessed the influence of island isolation on the composition of insular bird assemblages with a particular focus on species traits associated with dispersal. To do so, we tested whether ecomorphological metrics of dispersal ability, namely hand‐wing index and Kipp's distance, increase with increasing island isolation.

Location

Global.

Taxon

Birds.

Methods

We integrated global datasets of island characteristics with distribution and ecomorphological trait information of birds; our final dataset comprised information for 2034 native, resident and terrestrial species inhabiting 2399 islands. Species restricted to islands were removed to avoid potentially confounding effects of speciation, such as the evolution of flightlessness or poor flight on islands. Using the generalised additive models, we tested for the relationship between hand‐wing index or Kipp's distance and island isolation, accounting for the effects of island area and spatial autocorrelation. We performed the analyses separately for (i) continental and oceanic islands and (ii) for all terrestrial birds and for passerine birds only.

Results

Hand‐wing index and Kipp's distance were positively related to island isolation on oceanic islands, that is bird communities on more isolated oceanic islands were composed of species with wings that had a higher aspect ratio and were more elongated. However, this relationship did not hold for continental islands. We found these patterns to be consistent for all terrestrial birds as well as for passerine birds only.

Main Conclusion

Our study provides strong evidence that island isolation influences the trait composition of island bird assemblages at a global scale. Our results highlight the variation of dispersal‐related ecomorphological traits among bird assemblages on islands, suggesting that these traits play an important role in mediating the influence of island isolation on community assembly processes on islands.
Identifying Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes in the Dental Setting in an Asian Population—A Clinical Risk Model
Authors: Chee Hoe Kit , Abbas Frank , van Winkelhoff Arie Jan , Tjakkes Geerten Has , Htoon Hla Myint , Li Huihua , de Waal Yvonne , Vissink Arjan , Seneviratne Chaminda Jayampath
Published: November 2024

Aim

To assess the glycaemic status of Asian patients in a tertiary care dental setting and develop a risk model for undiagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM).

Material and Methods

A total of 1074 participants completed a diabetes risk test questionnaire, full‐mouth periodontal examination and a point‐of‐care HbA1c finger‐prick blood test. Univariable logistic regression was performed to assess the effect of potential factors to predict DM, with confirmed diabetes as the outcome. Subsequently, multivariable logistic regression analysis with stepwise variable selection was employed to develop the final models for predicting DM.

Results

Sixty‐five (6.1%) and 83 (7.7%) of the 1074 participants were medically confirmed with T2DM and prediabetes, respectively. The ‘best’ predictive risk model for DM included body mass index (BMI), family history of diabetes, smoking and a diagnosis of Stage III/IV or severe periodontitis with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.717 (95% confidence interval, CI [0.689–0.744]) and 0.721 (95% CI [0.693–0.748]), respectively. Including the oral health measure marginally increased the AUC.

Conclusions

Dental patients clinically diagnosed with advanced periodontitis in combination with high BMI, positive family history of DM and smoking are potentially at high risk for DM and should be screened for DM and referred for medical confirmation and management.
Can a warm and supportive adult protect against mental health problems amongst children with experience of adversity? A twin‐differences study
Authors: Stock Sarah E. , Lacey Rebecca E. , Arseneault Louise , Caspi Avshalom , Crush Eloise , Danese Andrea , Latham Rachel M. , Moffitt Terrie E. , Newbury Joanne B. , Schaefer Jonathan D. , Fisher Helen L. , Baldwin Jessie R.
Published: November 2024

Background

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with mental health problems, but many children who experience ACEs do not develop such difficulties. A warm and supportive adult presence in childhood is associated with a lower likelihood of developing mental health problems after exposure to ACEs. However, it is unclear whether this association is causal, as previous research has not accounted for genetic and environmental confounding.

Methods

We used the twin‐difference design to strengthen causal inference about whether a warm and supportive adult presence protects children exposed to ACEs from mental health problems. Participants were from the Environmental Risk (E‐Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study, a UK population‐representative birth cohort of 2,232 same‐sex twins. ACEs were measured prospectively from ages 5 to 12. Maternal warmth was assessed at ages 5 and 10 through maternal speech samples. Adult support was assessed through child reports at age 12. Mental health problems were assessed through interviews at age 12 with parents and teachers and participants at age 18.

Results

Among children exposed to ACEs, those who experienced greater maternal warmth and adult support had lower levels of mental health problems at ages 12 and 18. In monozygotic twin‐difference analyses, the protective effects of maternal warmth and adult support on mental health were attenuated by 70% for maternal warmth and 81% for adult support, compared to phenotypic analyses. Twins who experienced greater maternal warmth and adult support had minimal or no difference in mental health compared to their co‐twins, concordant for ACE exposure.

Conclusions

The apparent protective effect of a warm, supportive adult against mental health problems following ACEs is largely explained by genetic and environmental confounding. This suggests that interventions which boost maternal warmth and adult support should be supplemented by components addressing wider family environments and heritable vulnerabilities in children exposed to adversity, to improve mental health.
Supporting caregivers within caregiver‐mediated interventions: a commentary on Brown et al. (2024)
Authors: Edmunds Sarah R. , Hock Robert
Published: November 2024

A substantial portion of interventions designed to support autistic children are also designed to be delivered by caregivers (i.e. are ‘caregiver‐mediated’). Brown et al. (Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 2024) are one of the first groups to critically examine the baseline skills that caregivers bring as they prepare to learn a class of interventions called Naturalistic Developmental Behavioral Interventions (NDBIs), which are designed to support social communication growth in young autistic children. This commentary commends Brown and colleagues for their focus on caregivers, a linchpin within the increasingly prominent caregiver‐mediated process of intervention delivery. However, it is imperative that future research understand the potential adverse effects and supports that are needed to bolster caregivers in this crucial role. We present six recommendations for research on caregiver‐mediated interventions that build on Brown and colleagues' work and address these needs, which involve: caregiver supports, equitable samples, community settings, adaptive designs, general principles, and implications for NDBI dissemination.