bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Return to the Forgotten Ultraluminous X-Ray Source: A Broadband NICER+NuSTAR Study of NGC 4190 ULX-1
Authors: Earnshaw Hannah P. , Bachetti Matteo , Brightman Murray , Fürst Felix , Harrison Fiona A. , Middleton Matthew , Ludlam Renee , Pike Sean N. , Stern Daniel , Walton Dominic J.
Published: June 2024

We observed the nearby and relatively understudied ultraluminous X-ray source (ULX) NGC 4190 ULX-1 jointly with Neutron Star Interior Composition Explorer (NICER) and NuSTAR to investigate its broadband spectrum, timing properties, and spectral variation over time. We found NGC 4190 ULX-1 to have a hard spectrum characterized by two thermal components (with temperatures ∼0.25 and ∼1.6 keV) and a high-energy excess typical of the ULX population although the spectrum turns over at an unusually low energy. While no pulsations were detected (with pulsed fraction 3σ upper limits of 16% for NICER and 35% for NuSTAR), the source shows significant stochastic variability, and the covariance spectrum indicates the presence of a high-energy cutoff power-law component, potentially indicative of an accretion column. Additionally, when fitting archival XMM-Newton data with a similar model, we find that the luminosity–temperature evolution of the hot thermal component follows the behavior of a super-Eddington slim disk though the expected spectral broadening for such a disk is not seen, suggesting that the inner accretion disk may be truncated by a magnetic field. Therefore, despite the lack of detected pulsations, there is tantalizing evidence for NGC 4190 ULX-1 being a candidate neutron star accretor although further broadband observations will be required to confirm this behavior.
Innovation collaborative à l’ère du Big et de l’ Open Data
Authors: Thiaw Cheikh Abdou Lahad
Published: June 2024

L’article propose une analyse prospective d’un phénomène nouveau, l’exploitation des données du Big et de l’ Open Data afin d’accéder à plus de connaissances clés pour irriguer l’innovation collaborative. À l’ère des datas, l’objectif est de proposer une articulation nouvelle de la co-innovation au sein des clusters , permettant aux acteurs engagés de profiter pleinement des opportunités d’innovation permises par les données. Les résultats de l’étude exploratoire autorisent la conceptualisation de modèles de clusters « nomades » (Thiaw, 2022), faisant référence à des espaces d’innovation translocaux , fondés sur la mutualisation de ressources et de connaissances au profit d’acteurs hétérogènes décidés à collaborer pour innover ensemble. L’originalité du modèle réside dans la non-nécessité de la proximité géographique des parties prenantes et la prise en compte des données dans les processus de co-innovation, pour s’adapter aux réalités de la nouvelle économie.
Imperfection des marchés fonciers urbains et transactions foncières informelles au Cameroun
Authors: Koe Minfede Raoul
Published: June 2024

L’étude analyse l’incidence de l’imperfection du marché foncier urbain sur l’occurrence des transactions foncières informelles au Cameroun. L’estimation d’un modèle d’occurrence en deux étapes adapté aux données issues de l’aire urbaine de Douala révèle : le défaut d’information foncière et la dominance des canaux informels d’information accroissent le risque d’informalité foncière ; la présence accrue des coûts de délivrance des titres fonciers, des coûts techniques d’inspection et de signature des contrats, constitue un facteur aggravant les risques de transactions foncières informelles ; l’absence des offres tarifaires adaptées aux couches défavorisées est également un facteur favorisant le risque d’informalité des transactions foncières. L’instauration d’une plateforme d’information foncière systématiquement accessible à tous est cruciale. Une maîtrise des coûts de transaction reposant notamment sur la réduction du nombre de procédures de délivrance des titres fonciers et des charges notariales de signature est souhaitable ainsi que d’envisager une constitution de réserves foncières pour les couches défavorisées.
Projet expérimental sur les mesures de réparation pour mineurs isolés étrangers
Authors: Magassa Mohamed
Published: June 2024

Le texte présente la conception d’un projet expérimental destiné à la minorité bruyante qui compose le public des mineurs isolés étrangers en France qui sont dans un parcours délictuel très poussé. Sont abordées les difficultés rencontrées tout au long de ce projet expérimental, l’accroche difficile à mettre en place avec des jeunes fuyants et sous l’emprise d’un réseau, et la difficile cohabitation entre deux publics en difficulté : les natifs originaires d’un quartier défavorisé et les mineurs originaires en grande partie du Maghreb. Si ce projet a fonctionné sur des jeunes déjà pris en charge par l’ ase et la pjj , l’échec était patent pour les jeunes qui ne bénéficient pas d’une prise en charge et vivent le plus souvent dans la rue. Il y a un décalage non négligeable entre les propositions des professionnels et la situation extrêmement précaire des jeunes non pris en charge.
Projet versus programme
Authors: Brétécher Paul
Published: June 2024

Quand un projet, en l’occurrence la création d’un restaurant de théâtre offrant un cadre de travail aux patients d’un secteur, devient réalité, son inscription dans le cadre d’un programme n’est pas sans conséquence. Si cette reconnaissance lui donne dans un premier temps une certaine stabilité, elle peut devenir ensuite un carcan qui le dévitalise et le met en péril.
Le projet : un voilier nommé désir ou une utopie à réalisation vérifiable ?
Authors: Bonicel Marie-Françoise
Published: June 2024

Sacralisée par les uns, diabolisée par les autres, la notion de projet a envahi le paysage de tous les secteurs de la société. Le projet doit naviguer entre le cœur battant du désir dès son origine, les contraintes de la réalité et les étayages des engagements, notamment collectifs, pour le porter et le faire évoluer au fil du temps. À travers quelques exemples puisés dans des contextes différents, nous verrons comment la genèse d’une intuition peut s’ouvrir à d’imprévisibles accomplissements « en espérant à contre-nuit ».
Pourquoi les femmes continuent-elles de boire de l’alcool pendant la grossesse ?
Authors: Uselding Jonathan , Hatto Lisa , Lambrette Grégory
Published: June 2024

Si toute consommation d’alcool n’est pas sans danger, ce dernier est encore plus marqué pour l’enfant en devenir. Le changement de paradigme visant une consommation contrôlée et/ou à moindre risque comporte une exception. Il est en effet un public pour lequel l’abstinence est requise. Il s’agit des femmes en désir de grossesse ou des femmes enceintes. Le présent article aborde cette question en tentant de répondre aux raisons portant ces femmes à poursuivre cette consommation pendant cette période importante.
Des nouages à refaire toujours singuliers
Authors: Allio Deborah
Published: June 2024

En maison des adolescents, les liens se tissent avec les professionnelles, permettant la prise de parole des jeunes. C’est dans le travail à plusieurs que cette parole s’accueille et permet au jeune de nouveaux nouages entre parole et corps.
La voix hors et dans l’écrit
Authors: Fiori René
Published: June 2024

De la voix à l’écrit et de l’écrit à la voix, la trajectoire est toujours singulière, comme le démontrent les écrivains Raymond Roussel ou James Joyce. De la voix extériorisée et organique à la voix extime de la langue écrite lors de sa lecture, en passant par les voix de la psychose, ce sont là trois modalités de la voix qui ne sont pas équivalentes mais qui toutes se rattachent à la structure de langage. Enfin, le domaine de la parole et du langage semble pouvoir être atteint dans son fondement et massivement par l’idéologie managériale jusqu’à étouffer la subjectivité.
Et vous, vous lisez ?
Authors: Pinsard Laurie , Teissier Émilie
Published: June 2024

Deux formatrices animent un atelier d’écriture dans un lycée, à destination des enseignants : émotion, découvertes, modification des rapports à l’écrit, joie, partage, questionnements. Les formatrices et les participants ont vécu une journée riche en expériences.
Un interprète en quête d’espaces dialogiques
Authors: Lestringant Benjamin
Published: June 2024

Quelle place offre aujourd’hui un service de santé mentale au psychanalyste ? Un rôle d’interprète au carrefour de différents parlers (techno-administratif, médical…) et qui ne laisse pas en défaut la possibilité de transmettre l’inestimable de sa clinique.
Clustering accuracy
Authors: Fränti Pasi , Sieranoja Sami
Published: June 2024

Clustering accuracy (ACC) is one of the most often used measures in literature to evaluate clustering quality. However, the measure is often used without any definition or reference to such a definition. In this paper, we identify the origin of the measure. We give a proper definition for the measure and provide a simple bug fix which allows it to be used also in the case of a mismatch in the number of clusters. We show that the measure belongs to a wider class of set-matching based measures. We compare its properties to centroid index (CI) and normalized mutual information (NMI).
Renewable energy integration and distributed generation in Kosovo: Challenges and solutions for enhanced energy quality
Authors: Gjukaj Arben , Shaqiri Rexhep , Kabashi Qamil , Rexhepi Vezir
Published: June 2024

The growing demand for energy, driven by rapid economic development, necessitates higher electricity consumption. However, conventional energy systems relying on fossil fuels present environmental challenges, prompting a shift towards renewable energy sources. In Kosovo, coal-fired power plants dominate electricity production, highlighting the need for cleaner alternatives. Worldwide efforts are underway to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic systems using sustainable materials, essential for ecological and human health. Solar and wind energy are emerging as sustainable alternatives to traditional fossil fuels. However, global concerns about energy security and environmental sustainability are driving countries to prioritize renewable energy development.

In Kosovo, the integration of renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar energy, is progressing rapidly. However, challenges such as voltage stability and power losses need to be addressed. Distributed generation offers a solution by increasing energy reliability and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Further research is needed to assess the technical, economic, and environmental implications of integrating renewable resources into Kosovo's energy system, focusing on power quality, system reliability, and voltage stability. The research focused on the eastern region of the country, operating at the 110 kV substation level. Challenges in energy quality arise due to the lack of 400 kV supply and the continuous increase in energy consumption, especially in the Gjilan area. This paper investigated integrating renewable energy, especially wind and solar sources, into the medium- and long-term plans at the Gjilan 5 substation to enhance energy quality in the area. Successful integration requires detailed analysis of energy flows, considering the impact of photovoltaics (PVs) on distribution system operation and stability. To simulate and analyze the effects of renewables on the transmission system, voltage profile, and power losses, a case study was conducted using ETAP software. The simulation results present a comparison between scenarios before and after integrating renewable systems to improve energy quality in the identified area.
The minimal degree Kirchhoff index of bicyclic graphs
Authors: Mei Yinzhen , Guo Chengxiao
Published: June 2024

The degree Kirchhoff index of graph $ G $ is defined as $ Kf^{*}(G) = \sum\limits_{{u, v}\subseteq V(G)}d(u)d(v)r_{G}(u, v) $, where $ d(u) $ is the degree of vertex $ u $ and $ r_{G}(u, v) $ is the resistance distance between the vertices $ u $ and $ v $. In this paper, we characterize bicyclic graphs with exactly two cycles having the minimum degree Kirchhoff index of order $ n\geq5 $. Moreover, we obtain the minimum degree Kirchhoff index on bicyclic graphs of order $ n\geq4 $ with exactly three cycles, and all bicyclic graphs of order $ n\geq4 $ where the minimum degree Kirchhoff index has been obtained.
La rivoluzione delle tifosine. Il discorso sul tifo femminile calcistico nell’Italia degli anni Trenta
Authors: Giani Marco
Published: June 2024

Nel 1933 alcune tifose di squadre maschili di calcio fondarono la prima squadra di calcio femminile in Italia: la loro intenzione era quella di far evolvere la loro fede calcistica passiva in qualcosa di più attivo. La presenza di tifose era una realtà sociologica radicata, durante il Ventennio: dal momento che il regime non glielo impediva, le ragazze erano libere di andare alle partite delle squadre maschili, e in effetti lo facevano, soprattutto nei centri urbani dalla mentalità più aperta, come Milano, Torino, Bologna, Napoli. Lottando strenuamente contro moltissimi pregiudizi, le tifose ritenevano di avere il diritto di tifare i loro beniamini calcistici come Giuseppe Meazza e Angelo Schiavio: si autorappresentavano come supporters esperte, passionali e femminili. Erano insomma l’ennesima incarnazione della donna nuova desiderata dal Fascismo, diversa sia dalla generazione delle madri (che non usavano andare allo stadio), sia dal modello decadente e importato dall’estero della donna degli Anni Venti.
Comment l’autisme engage à la réflexivité en sciences sociales
Authors: Forestier Florian , Cazalis Fabienne
Published: June 2024

Le présent article a pour objet l’expérience sociale des personnes autistes, au prisme des spécificités de leur socialisation et des processus par lesquels ils intériorisent le social, en particulier la façon dont ces personnes constituent des habitus. Après avoir rappelé quelques grands traits de la théorie de l’habitus chez Bourdieu, certaines de ses discussions et remises en cause contemporaines, et les possibles apports de la sociologie cognitive dans ce cadre, nous montrons que les fonctions physiologiques et cognitives qui semblent les plus impliquées dans les processus de socialisation et d’incorporation du social présentent justement une forme atypique chez les personnes autistes ; en conséquence, ces processus sont vraisemblablement eux-mêmes modifiés chez elles. On peut de ce fait postuler que ces personnes présentent des habitus et dispositions spécifiques, dont nous proposons quelques caractérisations et analysons l’incidence possible en termes d’expérience sociale.
Time dilation: A consequence of the speed of light variation
Authors: Bacchieri Alfredo
Published: June 2024

The escape speed from one point-mass M1 is u1 = (−2u1)½ with u1 (= −M1G/s1) the (Newtonian) gravitational potential energy and
s1 the distance between M1 and a chosen point. Observing that the escape speed, from two or more masses, increases, the total escape speed (i.e., from all the masses in universe) becomes u = (−2u)½, with
u the total potential (energy), which is related, as shown, to the universe mass    M   u
 .  According to many authors, Mu ≈ 1053 kg, and, on these bases, we found, on Earth, u → c, so we assumed c ≡ u. This equality implies the massiveness
of the light, and because of its two related parameters, λ and ν , we inferred that the light has to be composed of longitudinal massive particles, photons (each one having length λ), moving, along rays (succession of photons along the same
direction), toward infinity with speed c (function of u), while their frequency ν turns out to be their number, of the same ray, flowing in time unit. These particles, due to their speed and mass, have a momentum, and therefore, if photons and a circling electron should
have, at their impact, opposite direction, the electron could fall into its nucleus; hence, the electron should have a different structure, where its charge is not uniformly distributed, whereas it can be considered as a point particle, fixed on the electron surface, facing the atom nucleus
during the electron orbits, while the electron charge turns out to be the photons‐electron impact point, where photons are absorbed and released. Due to this electron structure, the incident photons always force the impacting circling electron to move, with a radial velocity
w (function of the incident photons frequency) toward wider orbits. On these bases, during these impacts, the electron becomes the source of re-emitted photons; hence, because of the Doppler effect involving both the incident photons and the recoiled electron, the frequency of the re-emitted
photons decreases, while their length (due to the electron radial velocity w lasting as long as the interaction time T) increases by the value wT, inducing the invariance of the speed of light, despite any relative motion observer-source; we also found this
invariance (which regards the interaction light‐matter only) through the conservation of energy of the incident photons. Regarding the claimed time dilation, which occurs between two atomic clocks (ACs) at different potential u (e.g., at different altitude on Earth), it
is shown that any variation Δu implies a variation Δc, and, contemporarily, since the ACs are sources of photons at a given frequency on Earth, Δu gives a variation of the ACs frequency Δν, hence of their ticking time T = 1/ν,
and therefore a variation of their counted time. Finally, the equality c = u implies a cosmological reason regarding an endless balance between collapse and dispersion of the universe masses.
Las políticas educacionales de la Unidad Popular desde la historia (Chile, 1970-1973): contexto, rasgos fundamentales, disputas
Authors: Donoso Romo Andrés
Published: June 2024

El artículo se pregunta por las particularidades de las políticas educacionales de la Unidad Popular y, para determinarlas, acude al contexto, a sus rasgos fundamentales y a los conflictos que ellas suscitaron. Un objetivo original en la medida que la mayoría de los estudios han retratado las lógicas de los bandos que disputaban los destinos del país, han destacado las diferencias entre las propuestas educacionales de los gobiernos de esas décadas o han presentado las polémicas que suscitó la Escuela Nacional Unificada. Para arribar a esta respuesta se revisaron exhaustivamente las principales fuentes primarias y secundarias en la materia.
Notas acerca das comunicações entre Mato Grosso e Paraná (2ª metade do século XIX)
Authors: Cimó Queiroz Paulo Roberto
Published: June 2024

Este trabalho aborda o tema das comunicações da província de Mato Grosso com o Atlântico por meio do território da província do Paraná, utilizando como fontes, preferencialmente, os relatórios dos presidentes das duas províncias e tendo como pano de fundo as preocupações do Estado nacional brasileiro em razão da condição remota e fronteiriça de Mato Grosso. Mostra-se que as vias buscadas eram inicialmente terrestre-fluviais e, mais tarde, férreo-fluviais, e que os dirigentes paranaenses tinham maior interesse em tais comunicações que seus congêneres mato-grossenses. Além de vislumbrarem a possibilidade de o Paraná tornar-se o “empório” do comércio mato-grossense, aqueles dirigentes buscavam também os benefícios trazidos a sua província pelos investimentos do governo central em vias dirigidas a Mato Grosso.
Is the Islamic Microfinance Model a Viable Alternative to Conventional Counterparts: An Institutional Comparison
Authors: Sohrab Uddin S.M. , Afroz Nahid , Khanam Tasfika
Published: June 2024

Microfinance, a commendable means of poverty alleviation, is considered a sustainable tool for lifting the impoverished portion of society from extreme poverty. Through institutional comparison among conventional micro-credit and Islamic microfinance models in Bangladesh, this study aims to investigate whether Islamic microfinance models can be established as viable alternatives to mitigate the loopholes of their conventional counterparts. The study involves qualitative analysis, specifically content analysis of institutional models. Moreover, descriptive statistics for representing data of conventional microfinance institutions (MFIs) from 2010 to 2020 for Grameen Bank and Association for Social Advancement (ASA); 2010 to 2019 for Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) along with Islamic banks from 2010 to 2020 for Islami Bank Bangladesh Limited (IBBL); 2016 to 2020 for Al-Arafah Islami Bank Limited (AIBL); 2015 to 2020 for Social Islami Bank Limited (SIBL) have been performed. Similarities are identified in focus groups, sectorial preferences, basic lending activities, and concentration of deposits. However, the Shari’ah-based products’ upgradation opportunities, cooperative approach for loan repayment, gender neutrality, and prevention of fund diversification adopted by Islamic models can appease the respective loopholes. This study has significant implications for policymakers and microfinance providers in developing countries to ensure smooth microfinance services to achieve the first goal of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
Factors Determining Outsourcing Effectiveness: with Reference to the Sri Lankan Apparel Sector
Authors: Wewala W.W.M. , Dayawansha S.K.N.H. , Mahapatuna M.D.S.A. , Raajapaksha R.P.P.S. , De Mel W.D.H.
Published: June 2024

Over the last two decades, organisations have given tremendous attention to outsourcing to improve operational efficiencies. Necessity has risen for organisations to continuously focus on core activities to remain competitive in the marketplace. Outsourcing has become a common business strategy in many industries, including Textile and Apparel. The extant literature has predominantly focused on how outsourcing influences the overall production process and the outsourcing of production activities to developing countries by well-known apparel brands. The present study aims to identify factors determining the outsourcing effectiveness in the Sri Lankan Apparel sector. The data collection for this study was carried out using qualitative methodology and in-depth interviews. Seven employees in senior executive and managerial levels were interviewed using a semi-structured interview guide. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings revealed four main themes: the quality of the product, labour cost, lead time and responsibility. The findings of this study provide practitioners with information on the essential components to consider when selecting outsourced parties and managing outsource agreements.
Crafting Your Research: A Guide to Management Student Book for Writing and Presenting
Authors: Iddagoda A. , Dissanayake H.
Published: June 2024

A. Adikaram, T. Gooneratne and M. UdunuwaraCrafting Your Research: A Guide to Management Student Book for Writing and Presenting. Stamford Lake (Pvt) Limited, Sri Lanka. pp.125.ISBN:978-624-55544-14-1
Editorial: Content editing and improving clarity in academic publishing
Authors: Samararatne Dinesha , Perera Kaushalya
Published: June 2024

No abstract available
Power implicit in language: A case of the Sri Lankan Government’s securitization of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Amarasinghe Shaneendra
Published: June 2024

This is an attempt to uncover the ways in which the Government of Sri Lanka (GoSL) securitized its response to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, and how that process of securitization functioned in furthering its overall approach to its legitimacy and governance. Regarding this, the article focuses on the language which characterizes the discourse and the references made to the Sri Lankan armed conflict. Using Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), written and audio-visual texts from government media outlets, private media outlets, and English news articles are assessed in this article as primary data. The discourse on the studied corpus reveals how the State securitized its response to COVID-19 as one befitting a military threat rather than a public health risk. In militarizing the securitizing process, the police and triforces were deployed as first respondents. References made to their experience in defeating the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), as well as to former President Gotabaya Rajapaksa’s role as Defence Secretary in the armed conflict against the LTTE, were used in legitimizing the process of securitization. References made to the “sacrifices” made by the State, and the military, by extension, were used in instilling a sense of responsibility among the public to show their support for the government in its attempt to grapple with the pandemic. The public were also asked to act in unison which included an implied demand for discarding their diverse identities. This article further reveals a novel form of religious securitization emerging from the studied corpus in relation to GoSL’s response to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Tissue Engineering Using Differentiation of Endometrial Stem Cells into Ameloblast Cells and Implantation on Hydroxyapatite and Collagen Nanocomposite Scaffold
Authors: Bahrami Naghmeh , Babaei Azadeh , Shirian Sadegh , Ai Arman , Mohamadnia Abdolreza , Shafaghi Shadi , Pishbin Asma , Ai Jafar
Published: June 2024

Background:

Dental tissue engineering (DTE) is an inspiring biological approach to replacing lost teeth. The strength of the differentiation of basic endometrial cells to ameloblasts is yet to be fully understood. Moreover, the construction of a scaffold, upon which ameloblasts can both grow and replicate, has been a challenge in DTE.

Methods:

This is an experimental study. Basic endometrial cells were first isolated and cultured before induction of differentiation to ameloblast cells by adjacency to mesenchymal rat cells and application of fibroblast growth factor 8. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were synthesized by freeze-drying method. The nanocomposite collagen and hydroxyapatite scaffold were synthesized by the solvent casting method. Finally, the amyloblast cells were implanted into the hydroxyapatite and collagen nanocomposite scaffold.

Results:

The success of cell differentiation was confirmed through staining using specific antibodies against ameloblastin and amelogenin markers. Expression of ameloblast-specific mRNAs, such as ameloblastins, amelogenins, and cytokeratin 14 was detected in the differentiated cells. Alizarin red staining clearly illustrates mineralization nodules in the differentiated cells. Staining against specific ameloblast markers showed that the differentiated ameloblast cells are expressed on the scaffold, unlike the control group.

Conclusion:

Based on the findings of this study, basic endometrial cells are capable of expressing the traits of ameloblast cells. The scaffold used in the present study conforms to most criteria used for dental tissue reconstruction and can be applied in DTE.
Diagnostic Precision of Molecular Testing for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 versus Chest Computer Tomography
Authors: Rao Aravapalli Venkata Raghavendra , Rajan Reena , Kumar Mathavi Suresh
Published: June 2024

Background:

Molecular detection is considered benchmark criteria for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. Both computer tomography (CT) chest imaging and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) can give false-negative test results in the initial state of coronavirus infection. This study aimed to assess the precision of computer tomography (CT) chest imaging and RTPCR assay and to compare the role of CT chest imaging and molecular testing (RTPCR) in the early detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis of 588 clinically suspected coronavirus disease cases was performed over from April 2021 to June 2021. RTPCR test result was compared with chest computer tomography and diagnostic precision of computer tomography (CT) scan was determined using RTPCR as reference standard. Categorical variables were statistically analyzed as frequencies and percentages.

Results:

Out of 465 patients who tested positive by chest computer tomography (CT) scan findings, 132 (28.39%) tested RTPCR positive and 333 (71.61%) tested RTPCR negative. 306/465 (65.81%) cases showed moderate-to-severe infection and 159/465 (34.19%) had mild infection. Diagnostic precision of imaging chest computer tomography (CT) scan was observed to be 38.44%. Low sensitivity of RTPCR detection method in the early identification of coronavirus disease was observed.

Conclusion:

The use of computer tomography (CT) scan in the early detection of coronavirus disease is supplemental to RTPCR assay and is limited to the detection of laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease cases as imaging characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia superimposed with other types of pneumonia.
Impacts of anemia and its determinants among 6–59 months age children residing in Dayniile internally displaced person’s camps, Banadir region, Somalia
Authors: Mude Abdirasak Sharif Ali , Ali Farhia Abdullahi , Ali Sumaya Hassan
Published: June 2024

BACKGROUND:

The prevalence of anemia in children under 5 years of age is a multifaceted issue influenced by various factors, leading to diverse findings across studies. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of anemia and its associated factors among children under 5 years of age living in internally displaced persons camps in the Dayniile district of Somalia.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This cross-sectional study was conducted between December 2022 and July 2023 in Mogadishu, Somalia. Blood samples from children under 5 years of age were checked for malaria and parasites, as well as for hemoglobin, erythrocytes, hematocrit, mean cell volume, and hematocrit. SPSS version 27.0.1 was used for data analysis, involving descriptive and inferential statistics. Fisher’s exact test examined anemia associations due to low expected counts.

RESULTS:

The prevalence of anemia among children under 5 years old was 17.6%. Anemia severity varied from mild (8.4%) to moderate (8.7%) to severe (0.5%). No significant correlation was found between a child’s primary caregiver and anemia status nor between anemia and sex, age, maternal factors, or family income sources. However, the presence of income from other relatives was statistically significant (P = 0.046*), indicating that financial support from extended family members may reduce the incidence of severe anemia in young adults. Children with a history of malaria had notably higher rates of mild and moderate anemia (25.0% and 75.0%, respectively) than those without.

CONCLUSION:

Our study, along with previous research, underscores the complexity of the prevalence of childhood anemia and its contributing factors. Addressing anemia in children from lower-income families and urban areas requires tailored intervention. In addition, controlling malaria and promoting breastfeeding are essential strategies for reducing the prevalence of anemia in young children. Overall, a multifaceted approach considering socioeconomic, health, and dietary factors is crucial for the well-being of children under 5 years old.
Pharmacogenetic Study of Drugs Affecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Authors: Shabani Samira , Farnia Poopak , Ghanavi Jalaledin , Velayati Ali Akbar , Farnia Parissa
Published: June 2024

Background:

Pharmacogenetic research has led to significant progress in understanding how genetic factors influence drug response in tuberculosis (TB) treatment. One ongoing challenge is the variable occurrence of adverse drug reactions in some TB patients. Previous studies have indicated that genetic variations in the N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and solute carrier organic anion transporter family member 1B1 (SLCO1B1) genes can impact the blood concentrations of the first-line anti-TB drugs isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF), respectively. This study aimed to investigate the influence of pharmacogenetic markers in the NAT2 and SLCO1B1 genes on TB treatment outcomes using whole-exome sequencing (WES) analysis.

Methods:

DNA samples were collected from 30 healthy Iranian adults aged 18–40 years. The allelic frequencies of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the NAT2 and SLCO1B1 genes were determined through WES.

Results:

Seven frequent SNPs were identified in the NAT2 gene (rs1041983, rs1801280, rs1799929, rs1799930, rs1208, rs1799931, rs2552), along with 16 frequent SNPs in the SLCO1B1 gene (rs2306283, rs11045818, rs11045819, rs4149056, rs4149057, rs2291075, rs201722521, rs11045852, rs11045854, rs756393362, rs11045859, rs74064211, rs201556175, rs34671512, rs71581985, rs4149085).

Conclusion:

Genetic variations in NAT2 and SLCO1B1 can affect the metabolism of INH and RIF, respectively. A better understanding of the pharmacogenetic profile in the study population may facilitate the design of more personalized and effective TB treatment strategies. Further research is needed to directly correlate these genetic markers with clinical outcomes in TB patients.
Postmortem for Intensified Missed Tuberculosis Case Finding in High Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Tuberculosis-burdened Settings in Sub-Saharan Africa among Adults’ Population: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Sindato Emmanuel M. , Mlwati Abdallah , Swai Sylivia Sarah , Kajogoo Violet Dismas
Published: June 2024

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading infectious cause of mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA); the high prevalence of TB in this region is due to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-coinfection. Despite the advent of modalities to diagnose TB, undiagnosed TB-related deaths among HIV-infected patients remain significantly high. This systematic review aims at characterizing missed TB cases from postmortem studies. This review informs on the burden of TB missed diagnosis and highlights the need of improving TB case-finding strategies, especially among the high-risk groups and early TB therapy initiation to keeping in with the World Health Organization’s end TB strategy. We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and African journals online for studies that looked into missed TB cases following postmortem using the following key terms: postmortem, TB diagnosis, and HIV; we included cross-sectional and cohorts from 1980 in the English language that were carried out in SSA among adults’ population. Authors used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines for reporting, the quality of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale for observational studies, and STATA 17.0 software was used for analysis. This study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews with registration number CRD42024507515. The combined prevalence of postmortem missed TB diagnosis among the 6025 participants was 27.13% (95% confidence interval [CI] =14.52–41.89), with a high level of heterogeneity at 98.65% (P < 0.001). The prevalence varied significantly across the included studies, ranging from 1.21% (95% CI = 0.93–1.59) in the general population to 66.67% (95% CI = 50.98–79.37) in people living with HIV (PLWHIV). This current literature suggests that SSA is a region with a high prevalence of missed TB cases but with significant variations between countries. In addition, this study confirms a high number of missed TB infections within the PLWHIV. These results highlight the immediate need for targeted screening and diagnosis strategies and relevant policies.
Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Capsule Proteins in Aminoglycoside-Resistant and Sensitive Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates: Unraveling Potential Drug Targets
Authors: Sharma Devesh , Gautam Sakshi , Srivastava Nalini , Khan Abdul Mabood , Bisht Deepa
Published: June 2024

Background:

Tuberculosis (TB), a global infectious threat, has seen a concerning rise in aminoglycoside-resistantMycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb) strains. The potential role of capsule proteins remains largely unexplored. This layer acts as the primary barrier for tubercle bacilli, attempting to infiltrate host cells and subsequent disease development.

Methods:

The study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the differentially expressed capsule proteins in aminoglycoside-resistant M.tb clinical isolates compared with drug-sensitive isolates employing two-dimensional gel electrophoresis, mass spectrometry, and bioinformatic approaches.

Results:

We identified eight proteins that exhibited significant upregulation in aminoglycoside-resistant isolates. Protein Rv3029c and Rv2110c were associated with intermediary metabolism and respiration; Rv2462c with cell wall and cell processes; Rv3804c with lipid metabolism; Rv2416c and Rv2623 with virulence and detoxification/adaptation; Rv0020c with regulatory functions; and Rv0639 with information pathways. Notably, the Group-based Prediction System for Prokaryotic Ubiquitin-like Protein (GPS-PUP) algorithm identified potential pupylation sites within all proteins except Rv3804c. Interactome analysis using the STRING 12.0 database revealed potential interactive partners for these proteins, suggesting their involvement in aminoglycoside resistance. Molecular docking studies revealed suitable binding between amikacin and kanamycin drugs with Rv2462c, Rv3804c, and Rv2623 proteins.

Conclusion:

As a result, our findings illustrate the multifaceted nature of aminoglycoside resistance in M.tb and the importance of understanding how capsule proteins play a role in counteracting drug efficacy. Identifying the role of these proteins in drug resistance is crucial for developing more effective treatments and diagnostics for TB.
Comparison of Individual Regimen Containing Bedaquiline with Delamanid and Bedaquiline without Delamanid on Efficacy and Safety in Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis Patients: Implementation in Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Indonesia
Authors: Soedarsono Soedarsono , Mertaniasih Ni Made , Kusmiati Tutik , Permatasari Ariani , Subay Susi , Adiono Suko Hari
Published: June 2024

Background:

Bedaquiline is one of the core drugs used to treat multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). Delamanid is one of the companion drugs in group C which is used to complete the treatment regimen when drugs in groups A and B can not be used. This study was conducted to analyze the efficacy and safety between individual regimens containing bedaquiline with delamanid and bedaquiline without delamanid.

Methods:

This was an observational analytic study with a retrospective design in MDR-TB patients treated with individual regimens containing bedaquiline with delamanid (bedaquiline-delamanid group) and bedaquiline without delamanid (bedaquiline group). Efficacy was measured according to the time to Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) conversion and Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture conversion, while safety was measured specifically on QTc interval prolongation.

Results:

The median (range) time to AFB conversion in bedaquiline-delamanid group was faster than bedaquiline group, although there was no significant difference (1.5 (1-4) months vs. 1 (1-6) months, P=0.429), the median time to culture conversion in bedaquiline-delamanid group also faster than bedaquiline group, although there was no significant difference (1 (1-6) months vs. 2 (1-6) months, P=0.089). The incidence of QTc interval prolongation in bedaquiline-delamanid group was less than bedaquiline group, although there was no significant difference (26.9% vs. 40.3%, P=0.223).

Conclusions:

Individual regimens containing bedaquiline with delamanid was proven to provide similar efficacy and safety profiles with individual regimens containing bedaquiline without delamanid. Delamanid should be preferred when selecting drugs to complete the treatment regimen when drugs in groups A and B can not be used.
Exploring the Complexities: Understanding the Clinicopathological Spectrum of Tuberculosis in the Head-and-neck Region
Authors: Sheereen Shazima , Manva Mohnish Zulfikar , Sheereen Shamama , Patil Namrata N.
Published: June 2024

Introduction:

Tuberculosis (TB) affecting the head-and-neck area can often resemble cancer, leading to misdiagnosis and delayed treatment. A better understanding of this condition is necessary for early diagnosis and prompt treatment initiation. This study examines the clinical and pathological characteristics of different types of TB in the head-and-neck region.

Methods:

This retrospective study analyzed patients diagnosed with TB in the head-and-neck region at a health center between January 1, 2018, and January 1, 2024. The study population consisted of patients who were diagnosed with TB of the head and neck.

Results:

The study analyzed data from 30 patients, comprising 14 (47%) males and 16 (53%) females, all of whom tested negative for HIV. Most cases (15, 50%) were observed in the age group of 15–24 years, with 5 (15.6%) subjects falling in the age bracket of 0–14 years. Among the types of lesions detected, cervical tubercular adenitis was the most frequently observed lesion, found in 22 (73%) subjects. Females are more susceptible to cervical tubercular adenitis, while males are more likely to experience laryngeal TB.

Conclusion:

The clinical manifestation of TB affecting the head-and-neck region can exhibit a diverse range of symptoms, which may lead to misinterpretation and diagnostic errors. Therefore, health-care practitioners must understand and include the condition in differential diagnoses.
Use of electroconvulsive therapy during postpartum: A retrospective chart review
Authors: Grover Sandeep , Sharma Pranshu , Chakrabarti Subho
Published: June 2024

Background:

There is limited data on use of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for management of psychiatric disorders during the postpartum period from India.

Aim:

We aimed to assess the demographic and clinical profile of patients receiving ECT during the postpartum period for various psychiatric disorders using a retrospective study design.

Methods:

ECT register of the department was reviewed for the period of January 2019 to December 2023 to identify the patients who received ECT during the postpartum period. The treatment records of these patients were evaluated to extract the demographic and clinical profile.

Results:

During the study period, 10 patients received ECT during the postpartum period. The mean age of the study sample was 27 (standard deviation [SD]: 2.9) years. Majority of the patients were inpatients (70%) at the time of receiving ECT. Five patients were diagnosed with first-episode depression with postpartum onset, and two patients had postpartum-onset psychotic disorder. One patient was diagnosed with recurrent depressive episode and one with bipolar disorder, current episode mania with psychotic symptom, at the time of receiving ECT. The mean number of ECTs during the ECT course was 6.7 (SD: 3.09). Nine out of the 10 patients showed good response to ECT.

Conclusion:

Although ECT is less frequently used for management of postpartum psychiatric disorders, its use is associated with significant clinical improvement.
Childhood gratification syndrome: Demystifying the clinical conundrum with a narrative literature review of the past 5 decades
Authors: Biswas Tathagata , Nath Santanu , Mishra Biswa Ranjan
Published: June 2024

Background:

Childhood gratification syndrome (CGS) refers to self-stimulatory or masturbatory behaviors in children, which may have an onset as early as in infancy (IGS).

Aim:

The aim of this review is to understand the various clinical manifestations of CGS/IGS and their clinical differentiation from commonly misdiagnosed neurological and physical illnesses and to formulate a preliminary approach to their diagnosis and management.

Methods:

This narrative review is based on a search of literature over the past 50 years (1972–2022) in three online databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Google Scholar).

Results:

The behaviors are episodic, occurring for brief periods, involving posturing, stereotypical limb movements, pubic pressure with autonomic hyperactivity, and postepisodic lethargy. They mimic seizures, movement disorders, abdominal pain, and tics. The paper also highlights the gap in the current knowledge to guide future research in the area. CGS usually represents nonpathological “pleasure-seeking” habits of childhood, but at times, it may become problematic for the child and his family. A careful history and videotape analysis of the events confirms the diagnosis and behavioral therapy with parental reassurance as the mainstay of treatment.

Conclusion:

A better understanding and clinical awareness of the CGS are necessary to prevent misdiagnosis and delay in appropriate intervention.
A Narrative on Inflammatory Biomarkers in Endodontics
Authors: Chandak Manoj , Jidewar Namrata , Mishra Abhilasha Dass , Chandak Rakhi , Bajaj Pavan , Sedani Shweta , Chaudhari Payal
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

One of the most common diseases causing the destruction of enamel and remaining tooth structure is dental caries which further leads to pulpal and periapical inflammation if not treated. As tools for revealing important factors in identifying targets disease and pathophysiology for the evolution of prevention and treatment strategies, molecular and cellular biology plays a pivotal role. Finding an accurate diagnosis that will serve as the foundation for effective treatment continues to be one of the key issues in endodontics. Inflammatory biomarkers play a diverse and broad role in endodontics, with the potential to become a key factor in determining treatment plans by assisting in diagnosis and prognosis. Inflammatory biomarkers have the potential to become a key factor in determining treatment plans by assisting in diagnosis and prognosis. Endodontists are still divided on issues such as vital pulp therapy versus traditional root canal therapy and retreatment versus periapical surgery. Furthermore, clinical challenges such as determining the appropriate tissue fluid to analyse, establishing a precise inflammatory threshold, and delivering results at the chairside must be overcome. Endodontists may soon be able to use chairside genetic tests to make more informed treatment decisions for their patients.
Innovative Split Cast Post and Core Technique to Restore a Mutilated Mandibular Molar
Authors: Gada Karan Amrutlal , Madhav V. N. V. , Raikar Sonal , Oswal Mansi
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACT

Dental caries is an inevitable event in patients with compromised oral hygiene, leading to hard tissue breakdown and causing severe loss of tooth structure. The mutilated tooth is grossly weakened and badly broken down carious tooth due to the least attention given toward oral health. The conservation approach is always given priority to save this type of tooth rather than proceeding with the extraction of the tooth. Prosthodontic management of this kind of tooth becomes essential to restore the proper form and function for masticatory purposes. The only method to restore this complication is by post and core procedure. The following case report focuses on the way to restore a mutilated mandibular 1st molar with divergent roots with a split cast post and core wherein one cast post with split core is restored in the distal canal and another cast post with core seated in one of the mesial canals in step and ladder pattern.