bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidermal galactose spurs chytrid virulence and predicts amphibian colonization
Authors: Wang Yu , Verbrugghe Elin , Meuris Leander , Chiers Koen , Kelly Moira , Strubbe Diederik , Callewaert Nico , Pasmans Frank , Martel An
Published: October 2021

The chytrid fungal pathogens Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans cause the skin disease chytridiomycosis in amphibians, which is driving a substantial proportion of an entire vertebrate class to extinction. Mitigation of its impact is largely unsuccessful and requires a thorough understanding of the mechanisms underpinning the disease ecology. By identifying skin factors that mediate key events during the early interaction with B. salamandrivorans zoospores, we discovered a marker for host colonization. Amphibian skin associated beta-galactose mediated fungal chemotaxis and adhesion to the skin and initiated a virulent fungal response. Fungal colonization correlated with the skin glycosylation pattern, with cutaneous galactose content effectively predicting variation in host susceptibility to fungal colonization between amphibian species. Ontogenetic galactose patterns correlated with low level and asymptomatic infections in salamander larvae that were carried over through metamorphosis, resulting in juvenile mortality. Pronounced variation of galactose content within some, but not all species, may promote the selection for more colonization resistant host lineages, opening new avenues for disease mitigation.
Mass-sensitive particle tracking to elucidate the membrane-associated MinDE reaction cycle
Authors: Heermann Tamara , Steiert Frederik , Ramm Beatrice , Hundt Nikolas , Schwille Petra
Published: October 2021

In spite of their great importance in biology, methods providing access to spontaneous molecular interactions with and on biological membranes have been sparse. The recent advent of mass photometry to quantify mass distributions of unlabeled biomolecules landing on surfaces raised hopes that this approach could be transferred to membranes. Here, by introducing a new interferometric scattering (iSCAT) image processing and analysis strategy adapted to diffusing particles, we enable mass-sensitive particle tracking (MSPT) of single unlabeled biomolecules on a supported lipid bilayer. We applied this approach to the highly nonlinear reaction cycles underlying MinDE protein self-organization. MSPT allowed us to determine the stoichiometry and turnover of individual membrane-bound MinD/MinDE protein complexes and to quantify their size-dependent diffusion. This study demonstrates the potential of MSPT to enhance our quantitative understanding of membrane-associated biological systems.
Mass photometry enables label-free tracking and mass measurement of single proteins on lipid bilayers
Authors: Foley Eric D. B. , Kushwah Manish S. , Young Gavin , Kukura Philipp
Published: October 2021

The quantification of membrane-associated biomolecular interactions is crucial to our understanding of various cellular processes. State-of-the-art single-molecule approaches rely largely on the addition of fluorescent labels, which complicates the quantification of the involved stoichiometries and dynamics because of low temporal resolution and the inherent limitations associated with labeling efficiency, photoblinking and photobleaching. Here, we demonstrate dynamic mass photometry, a method for label-free imaging, tracking and mass measurement of individual membrane-associated proteins diffusing on supported lipid bilayers. Application of this method to the membrane remodeling GTPase, dynamin-1, reveals heterogeneous mixtures of dimer-based oligomers, oligomer-dependent mobilities, membrane affinities and (dis)association of individual complexes. These capabilities, together with assay-based advances for studying integral membrane proteins, will enable the elucidation of biomolecular mechanisms in and on lipid bilayers.
Choroidal thickness in children with type 1 diabetes depending on the pubertal status and metabolic parameters analyzed by optical coherence tomography
Authors: Marta Wysocka-Mincewicz , Andrzej Olechowski , Marta Baszyńska-Wilk , Aleksandra Byczyńska , Joanna Gołębiewska
Published: October 2021

To assess choroidal thickness (CT) in children with type 1diabetes (T1D) regarding their pubertal status and seek for factors influencing this parameter, using optical coherence tomography. Material and methods: 333 eyes out of 167 children with T1D without symptoms of diabetic retinopathy (mean age 12.81 ± 3.63 years, diabetes duration 4.59 ± 3.71 years) were enrolled. CT in all quadrants was evaluated. The studied population was divided into three groups: prepubertal, pubertal and postpubertal. The multivariate regression model was carried out using all metabolic parameter and then it was built using only the significant ones. Results: Significant differences in CT between males and females, except nasal and superior quadrants were observed. We revealed significant differences in CT between the three independent groups (Chi-square 18.6, p < 0.0001). In the statistically significant multiple regression model (R = 0.9, R2 = 0.82, p < 0.0000), the serum level of free thyroxine, triiodothyronine, total hemoglobin, uric acid, low- and high-density cholesterol, daily insulin dose per kilogram, weight and level of vitamin D were significant. Conclusion: In our studied group CT increases during puberty. Metabolic parameters such as cholesterol, uric acid, thyroid hormones, and hemoglobin concentration even within the normal range, significantly influence the CT, and these factors likely affect other blood vessels in the body.
Aqueous and gaseous plasma applications for the treatment of mung bean seeds
Authors: Darmanin Martina , Fröhling Antje , Bußler Sara , Durek Julia , Neugart Susanne , Schreiner Monika , Blundell Renald , Gatt Ruben , Schlüter Oliver , Valdramidis Vasilis P.
Published: October 2021

Sprouts are particularly prone to microbial contamination due to their high nutrient content and the warm temperatures and humid conditions needed for their production. Therefore, disinfection is a crucial step in food processing as a means of preventing the transmission of bacterial, parasitic and viral pathogens. In this study, a dielectric coplanar surface barrier discharge (DCSBD) system was used for the application of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP), plasma activated water (PAW) and their combination on mung bean seeds. Germination assessments were performed in a test tube set-up filled with glass beads and the produced irrigation water. Overall, it was found that the combined seed treatment with direct air CAP (350 W) and air PAW had no negative impact on mung bean seed germination and growth, nor the concentration of secondary metabolites within the sprouts. These treatments also reduced the total microbial population in sprouts by 2.5 log CFU/g. This research reports for first time that aside from the stimulatory effect of plasma discharge on seed surface disinfection, sustained plasma treatment through irrigation of treated seeds with PAW can significantly enhance seedling growth. The positive outcome and further applications of different forms, of plasma i.e., gaseous and aqueous, in the agro-food industry is further supported by this research.
Nonlinear collision between propagating waves in mouse somatosensory cortex
Authors: Di Volo M. , Férézou I.
Published: October 2021

How does cellular organization shape the spatio-temporal patterns of activity in the cortex while processing sensory information? After measuring the propagation of activity in the mouse primary somatosensory cortex (S1) in response to single whisker deflections with Voltage Sensitive Dye (VSD) imaging, we developed a two dimensional model of S1. We designed an inference method to reconstruct model parameters from VSD data, revealing that a spatially heterogeneous organization of synaptic strengths between pyramidal neurons in S1 is likely to be responsible for the heterogeneous spatio-temporal patterns of activity measured experimentally. The model shows that, for strong enough excitatory cortical interactions, whisker deflections generate a propagating wave in S1. Finally, we report that two consecutive stimuli activating different spatial locations in S1 generate two waves which collide sub-linearly, giving rise to a suppressive wave. In the inferred model, the suppressive wave is explained by a lower sensitivity to external perturbations of neural networks during activated states.
A newly developed and externally validated non-clinical score accurately predicts 10-year cardiovascular disease risk in the general adult population
Authors: Schiborn Catarina , Kühn Tilman , Mühlenbruch Kristin , Kuxhaus Olga , Weikert Cornelia , Fritsche Andreas , Kaaks Rudolf , Schulze Matthias B.
Published: October 2021

Inclusion of clinical parameters limits the application of most cardiovascular disease (CVD) prediction models to clinical settings. We developed and externally validated a non-clinical CVD risk score with a clinical extension and compared the performance to established CVD risk scores. We derived the scores predicting CVD (non-fatal and fatal myocardial infarction and stroke) in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Potsdam cohort (n = 25,992, cases = 683) using competing risk models and externally validated in EPIC-Heidelberg (n = 23,529, cases = 692). Performance was assessed byC-indices, calibration plots, and expected-to-observed ratios and compared to a non-clinical model, the Pooled Cohort Equation, Framingham CVD Risk Scores (FRS), PROCAM scores, and the Systematic Coronary Risk Evaluation (SCORE). Our non-clinical score included age, gender, waist circumference, smoking, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, CVD family history, and dietary parameters.C-indices consistently indicated good discrimination (EPIC-Potsdam 0.786, EPIC-Heidelberg 0.762) comparable to established clinical scores (thereof highest, FRS: EPIC-Potsdam 0.781, EPIC-Heidelberg 0.764). Additional clinical parameters slightly improved discrimination (EPIC-Potsdam 0.796, EPIC-Heidelberg 0.769). Calibration plots indicated very good calibration with minor overestimation in the highest decile of predicted risk. The developed non-clinical 10-year CVD risk score shows comparable discrimination to established clinical scores, allowing assessment of individual CVD risk in physician-independent settings.
Isochronal recovery behaviour on electromagnetic properties of polycrystalline nickel zinc ferrite (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) prepared via mechanical alloying
Authors: Abdullah Nor Hapishah , Mustaffa Muhammad Syazwan , Hamidon Mohd Nizar , Shafie Farah Nabilah , Ismail Ismayadi , Ibrahim Idza Riati
Published: October 2021

A new approach through heat treatment has been attempted by establishing defects by the process of quenching towards electrical and magnetic properties in the nickel zinc ferrite (Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) sample. The measured property values in permeability and hysteresis characteristic gave their recovery behaviour in which the values, after quenching were recovered after undergoing the annealing. Interestingly, a different trend observed in the permittivity value whereas the value was increased after quenching and subsequently recovered after annealing. The mechanisms which produced the changes is believed to be involved by defects in the form of vacancies, interstitials, microcracks and dislocations created during quenching which gave rise to changes in the values of the complex permeability and permittivity components and hysteresis behaviour.
Differential lipids in pregnant women with subclinical hypothyroidism and their correlation to the pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Li Jingjing , Xu Yajuan , Sun Zongzong , Cai Yanjun , Wang Biao , Zhang Miao , Ban Yanjie , Hou Xiaofeng , Hao Yingqi , Ouyang Qian , Wu Bo , Wang Mengqi , Wang Wentao
Published: October 2021

Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH) has become a prevalent complication in pregnancy. Recent research links SCH to disturbed thyroid lipid profile; however, it is unclear how lipid metabolism disorders contribute to the pathogenesis of SCH during pregnancy. Thus, we used nontargeted lipidomics to identify and compare the lipids and metabolites expressed by pregnant women with SCH and healthy pregnant women. Multivariate analysis revealed 143 lipid molecules differentially expressed between the SCH group and the control group. Based on fold change, 30 differentially expressed lipid metabolites are potential biomarkers. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that the differentially expressed metabolites participate in several pathways, including response to pathogenic Escherichia coli infection, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, metabolic pathways, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and fat digestion and absorption pathways. Correlation analyses revealed sphingomyelin (SM) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) positively correlate to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), C-reactive protein (CRP), and interleukin-6 (IL-6), while phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and phosphatidylinositol (PI) negatively correlate with them. In addition, PG positively correlates to birth weight. Thus, the lipid profile of pregnant women with SCH is significantly different from that of healthy pregnant women. Lipid molecules associated with the differential lipid metabolism, such as SM, phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and PI, should be further investigated for their roles in the pathogenesis of SCH in pregnancy, as they might be targets for reducing the incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes.
Fabrication of a novel hydrogel-based microfluidic chip and its application in pathogen analysis
Authors: Zhao Peng , Zhang Jiajin , Zhang Wei , Zhao Dong , Ma Yi , Hou Changjun , Lu Laichun , Huo Danqun
Published: October 2021

Schematic illustration of the (A) fabrication procedure of the hydrogel; (B) composition of the microfluidic chip; (C) enrichment system; (D) visual readout for pathogen identification.
Scalable synthesis of [8]cycloparaphenyleneacetylene carbon nanohoop using alkyne metathesis
Authors: Zhou Xin , Kwon Hyejin , Thompson Richard R. , Herman Robert J. , Fronczek Frank R. , Bruns Carson J. , Lee Semin
Published: October 2021

Cycloparaphenyleneacetylene carbon nanohoops can now be prepared in a scalable manner using alkyne metathesis followed by alkene-selective bromination and dehydrobromination.
Turn on chemiluminescence-based probes for monitoring tyrosinase activity in conjunction with biological thiols
Authors: Shelef Omri , Sedgwick Adam C. , Pozzi Sabina , Green Ori , Satchi-Fainaro Ronit , Shabat Doron , Sessler Jonathan L.
Published: October 2021

We report a chemiluminescent probe that permits the paired detection of tyrosinase (Tyr) and biological thiols. The Tyr-formed benzoquinone intermediate reacts with GSH and produces an enhanced chemiluminescence response.
Threshold photoelectron spectroscopy of 9-methyladenine: theory and experiment
Authors: Laamiri K. , Garcia G. A. , Nahon L. , Ben Houria A. , Feifel R. , Hochlaf M.
Published: October 2021

TPES spectroscopy is used to unveil the complex vibronic structure of 9-methyladenine cations.
Stereo-selective synthesis of non-canonical γ-hydroxy-α-amino acids by enzymatic carbon–carbon bond formation
Authors: Zhang Rui , Tan Jiamu , Luo Zhenzhen , Dong Haihong , Ma Ningshan , Liao Cangsong
Published: October 2021

A feasible and sustainable approach for stereo-selective synthesis of non-canonical γ-hydroxy-α-amino acids froml-aspartic acid and different aldehydes has been developed.
Effect of chirality on the anticancer activity of Pt(ii) and Pt(iv) complexes containing 1R,2R and 1S,2S enantiomers of the trans-1,2-diamino-4-cyclohexene ligand (DACHEX), an analogue of diaminocyclohexane used in oxaliplatin
Authors: Papadia Paride , Barbanente Alessandra , Ditaranto Nicoletta , Hoeschele James D. , Natile Giovanni , Marzano Cristina , Gandin Valentina , Margiotta Nicola
Published: October 2021

Two Pt(ii) and four Pt(iv) enantiomerically pure, oxaliplatin-like, compounds containing an unsaturated cyclic diamine as a substitute for the trans-1,2-diaminocyclohexane used in oxaliplatin, were investigated.
A novel copper-rich open-framework chalcogenide with chiral topology constructed from distinctive bimetallic [Cu5SnSe10] clusters
Authors: Kong Yinan , Ding Yayun , Liu Chengdong , Zhang Jiaxu , Zhou Rui , Li Dong-Sheng , Chen Ning , Wang Xiang , Wu Tao
Published: October 2021

A new copper-rich open-framework chalcogenide (denoted as COC-10-Se) with a chiral qtz topology was successfully obtained, the photoelectric properties of which could be well adjusted via chalcogen doping.
Manifestation of dissimilar types of magnetism in iron- and chromium-substituted Mn2SnS4
Authors: Dash Tuhin Subhra , Naik Subham , Sheetal  , Sarangi Sachindra Nath , Samal Debakanta , Yadav C. S. , Kaushik S. D. , Samal Saroj L.
Published: October 2021

Variation of magnetic properties by changing the d-electrons of the substituent in Mn2−xMxSnS4 (M = Fe, Cr).
Precise δ88/86Sr determination on a MC-ICP-MS by an improved method combining Zr-empirical external normalization isobaric interference correction and 84Sr–87Sr double spike
Authors: Liu Hou-Chun , Chen Yen-Hong , You Chen-Feng , Chung Chuan-Hsiung
Published: October 2021

Zr-EEN isobaric interference correction coupled with the 84Sr–87Sr double spike method allows highly accurate and precise δ88/86Sr determination on a MC-ICP-MS.
Reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for elemental analysis of gasoline by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry
Authors: Vidal Ezequiel , Lorenzetti Anabela S. , Álvarez Mónica B. , Domini Claudia , Aguirre Miguel Ángel , Vidal Lorena , Canals Antonio
Published: October 2021

A green and fast sample preparation method based on reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction was developed for the separation and preconcentration of several elements in gasoline samples before ICP-OES determination.
TANDEM: biomicrofluidic systems with transverse and normal diffusional environments for multidirectional signaling
Authors: Mohan Michael D. , Young Edmond W. K.
Published: October 2021

Novel multiplanar microfluidic architecture facilitating transverse and normal diffusional environments for multidirectional signaling.
Generation of flow and droplets with an ultra-long-range linear concentration gradient
Authors: Dai Bo , Long Yan , Wu Jiandong , Huang Shaoqi , Zhao Yuan , Zheng Lulu , Tao Chunxian , Guo Shiwei , Lin Francis , Fu Yongfeng , Zhang Dawei , Zhuang Songlin
Published: October 2021

A concentration gradient generator is demonstrated to generate ultra-long linear gradients, periodic gradients and droplets with various concentrations and produce drugs with different concentrations for drug screening applications.
An evaluation of palladium-based catalysts for the base-free borylation of alkenyl carboxylates
Authors: Gaube Gregory , Pipaon Fernandez Nahiane , Leitch David C.
Published: October 2021

Palladium catalysis can achieve the base-free borylation of alkenyl carboxylates, enabling direct access to functionalized enones and heterocycles.
A multifunctional electronic suture for continuous strain monitoring and on-demand drug release
Authors: Lee Yeontaek , Kim Hwajoong , Kim Yeonju , Noh Seungbeom , Chun Beomsoo , Kim Jinho , Park Charnmin , Choi Minyoung , Park Kijun , Lee Jaehong , Seo Jungmok
Published: October 2021

A schematic of the drug release electronic suture system (DRESS) with a conductive fiber strain sensor core and a thermoresponsive polymer shell containing drugs.
Amphiphilic nanoparticles generate curvature in lipid membranes and shape liposome–liposome interfaces
Authors: Lavagna E. , Güven Z. P. , Bochicchio D. , Olgiati F. , Stellacci F. , Rossi G.
Published: October 2021

We show by molecular dynamics that amphiphilic Au nanoparticles (NP) with a diameter of 4 nm generate curvature in phosphatidylcholine lipid membranes.
Induction, fixation and recovery of self-organized helical superstructures in achiral liquid crystalline polymer
Authors: Miao Tengfei , Cheng Xiaoxiao , Ma Haotian , Zhang Wei , Zhu Xiulin
Published: October 2021

A flexible chiral storage based on an achiral polymer system can be successfully achieved by chiral doping and covalent cross-linking.
1,3-Difunctionalization of alkenes: state-of-the-art and future challenges
Authors: Wang Dong-Kai , Li Long , Xu Qing , Zhang Jianfeng , Zheng Hongxing , Wei Wen-Ting
Published: October 2021

This review summarizes the advances in 1,3-difunctionalization of alkenes mediated by Pd-, Ni-, Fe-, and Cu-based catalysts, as well as under metal-free conditions, with an emphasis on the reaction mechanisms and factors governing regioselectivity.
Photoredox-catalyzed 2,2,2-trifluoroethylation and 2,2-difluoroethylation of alkenes with concomitant introduction of a quinoxalin-2(1H)-one moiety
Authors: Yang Xiu , Meng Wei-Dong , Xu Xiu-Hua , Huang Yangen
Published: October 2021

A photoredox-catalyzed three-component radical cascade reaction of alkenes, quinoxalin-2(1H)-ones, and ICH2CF3/ICH2CF2H is developed.
Tetra-substituted furans by a gold-catalysed tandem C(sp3)–H alkynylation/oxy-alkynylation reaction
Authors: Han Chunyu , Tian Xianhai , Song Lina , Liu Yaowen , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: October 2021

A gold-catalysed cascade C(sp3)–H alkynylation/oxy-alkynylation of acceptor-substituted carbonyl compounds with hypervalent iodine(iii) reagents for the synthesis of tetra-substituted furans, offering distinct advantages over previous methods.
An enzyme-mediated bioorthogonal labeling method for genome-wide mapping of 5-hydroxymethyluracil
Authors: Ma Cheng-Jie , Li Lin , Shao Wen-Xuan , Ding Jiang-Hui , Cai Xiao-Li , Lun Zhao-Rong , Yuan Bi-Feng , Feng Yu-Qi
Published: October 2021

We developed an enzyme-mediated bioorthogonal labeling strategy for the enrichment and genome-wide mapping of 5hmU. With this strategy, we provided the first map of 5hmU in the whole Trypanosoma brucei genome.
Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy – guided library mining leads to efficient singlet fission in rubrene derivatives
Authors: Bera Kajari , Douglas Christopher J. , Frontiera Renee R.
Published: October 2021

In the race to find efficient singlet fission materials, picking a winner is not easy. Femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy can help us choose the best candidates, as demonstrated here in choosing from a library of rubrene derivatives.
Quantification of the charge transport processes inside carbon nanopipettes
Authors: Liu Rujia , Ma Yingfei , Shen Xiaoyue , Wang Dengchao
Published: October 2021

The coupled electron transfer (ET) and ion transport (IT) processes in conductive nanopipettes, at both steady and transient states, are elucidated and quantified by experiments and simulation.
Switching microobjects from low to high aspect ratios using a shape-memory effect
Authors: Friess Fabian , Lendlein Andreas , Wischke Christian
Published: October 2021

A switching pattern of polymer micronetwork (MN) particles towards increased rather than the common decreased aspect ratios has been realized. This feature is based on the programming of MN during the shape recovery of a second shape memory polymer.
Structural characterization of α,ω-DH6T monolayer films grown at the liquid–liquid interface
Authors: Johnson Manuel , Hawly Tim , Wu Mingjian , Spiecker Erdmann , Fink Rainer H.
Published: October 2021

The molecular self-organization of alkyl-functionalized hexathiophene monolayers prepared at the solvent–water interface is investigated by complementary microscopy techniques.
BACH1, the master regulator of oxidative stress, has a dual effect on CFTR expression
Authors: NandyMazumdar Monali , Paranjapye Alekh , Browne James , Yin Shiyi , Leir Shih-Hsing , Harris Ann
Published: October 2021

The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene lies within a topologically associated domain (TAD) in which multiple cis-regulatory elements (CREs) and transcription factors (TFs) regulate its cell-specific expression. The CREs are recruited to the gene promoter by a looping mechanism that depends upon both architectural proteins and specific TFs. An siRNA screen to identify TFs coordinating CFTR expression in airway epithelial cells suggested an activating role for BTB domain and CNC homolog 1 (BACH1). BACH1 is a ubiquitous master regulator of the cellular response to oxidative stress. Here, we show that BACH1 may have a dual effect on CFTR expression by direct occupancy of CREs at physiological oxygen (∼8%), while indirectly modulating expression under conditions of oxidative stress. Hence BACH1, can activate or repress the same gene, to fine tune expression in response to environmental cues such as cell stress. Furthermore, our 4C-seq data suggest that BACH1 can also directly regulate CFTR gene expression by modulating locus architecture through occupancy at known enhancers and structural elements, and depletion of BACH1 alters the higher order chromatin structure.
Interactions between hyaluronic acid and CoCrMo alloy surface in simulated synovial fluids
Authors: Radice Simona , Tibbits Gretchen , Lin Alex Y. W. , Beyenal Haluk , Wimmer Markus A.
Published: October 2021

The performance of CoCrMo alloy in orthopaedic implants may be unfavourably affected by hyaluronic acid (HA) in synovial fluid. In this study, the authors aimed to understand the interactions between HA and CoCrMo using dedicated electrochemical experiments and surface analyses. A sequence of electrochemical measurements (open‐circuit potential, linear polarization resistance, potentiodynamic and potentiostatic polarizations) was run on LC‐CoCrMo (ASTM F1537) in Dulbecco's phosphate‐buffered saline (DPBS) solution with and without HA and in DPBS mixed with newborn calf serum (NCS) and HA, partially under simultaneous recording of surface pH using custom‐made microelectrodes. Samples were analysed by optical and electron microscopy. HA had no significant impact on the corrosion potential of CoCrMo alloy (ECORR = −173 ± 8, −211 ± 16, and −254 ± 30 mVAg/AgCl, in DPBS, DPBS + HA, and DPBS + NCS + HA, respectively). Average current density values at the transpassive domain were double in DPBS compared to DPBS + HA and DPBS + NCS + HA. At potentials above +0.6 VAg/AgCl, surface pH values decreased from 7.5 to 6.5 in DPBS and from 7.5 to below 4 in DPBS + HA. In conclusion, the presence of HA did not compromise the corrosion resistance of CoCrMo alloy at free potential, but it enhanced acidic conditions at the near surface under anodic‐applied potential in the transpassive domain.
Three‐phase feeder parameter estimation using radial basis function neural networks and multi‐run optimisation method with bad data preparation
Authors: Yang Nien‐Che , Huang Rui , Guo Mou‐Fa
Published: October 2021

The difference between the actual feeder parameters and feeder parameter data stored in a database or offered by manufacturers is significant owing to the ambient environment, temperature, and skin effect. Here, a parameter estimation method is proposed for unbalanced three‐phase distribution feeders based on the bus voltages and branch power flows measured from two terminals of the feeder. In the proposed method, a high‐precision phasor measurement unit is not required to estimate the magnitude and phase angle of the phasor quantity using a common time source for synchronisation. A radial basis function neural network with multi‐run optimisation (RBFNN‐MRO) is proposed to map the complex nonlinear relations between the distribution feeder parameters and electrical quantities. The feasibility and performance of the proposed RBFNN‐MRO method were verified using the four IEEE test systems. The comparison between the proposed RBFNN‐MRO method and the multi‐run method based on the quasi‐Newton method is implemented via the maximum absolute percentage error (MAPE) curves. The results reveal that the proposed RBFNN‐MRO method has excellent potential for improving the accuracy of feeder parameter estimation, even for bad data preparation.
Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction with Potassium Aryltrifluoroborate in Pure Water Using Recyclable Nanoparticle Catalyst
Authors: Ohtaka Atsushi , Kawase Misa , Matsuoka Kyosuke , Shinagawa Tsutomu , Hamasaka Go , Uozumi Yasuhiro , Shimomura Osamu
Published: October 2021

This paper describes the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling reaction of aryl bromides with potassium aryltrifluoroborates in water catalyzed by linear polystyrene-stabilized PdO nanoparticles (PS-PdONPs). The reaction of aryl bromides having electron-withdrawing groups or electron-donating groups took place smoothly to give the corresponding coupling product in high yields. The catalyst recycles five times without significant loss of catalytic activity although a little bit increase in size of PdNPs was observed after the reaction.
Surgical Treatment of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection with 18-Litre Bleeding
Authors: Boldyrev Sergey Y. , Barbukhatty Kirill O. , Porhanov Vladimir A.
Published: October 2021

Surgical treatment of Type-A acute aortic dissection is associated with high mortality and morbidity. One of the reasons is perioperative bleeding, which may lead to worse outcomes. We present a case of successful treatment of a patient with 18-litre perioperative blood loss in DeBakey Type-I acute aortic dissection with drug-induced hypocoagulation and malperfusion of a lower extremity.
Commutative d-torsion K-theory and its applications
Authors: Okay Cihan
Published: October 2021

Commutative d-torsion K-theory is a variant of topological K-theory constructed from commuting unitary matrices of order dividing d. Such matrices appear as solutions of linear constraint systems that play a role in the study of quantum contextuality and in applications to operator-theoretic problems motivated by quantum information theory. Using methods from stable homotopy theory, we modify commutative d-torsion K-theory into a cohomology theory that can be used for studying operator solutions of linear constraint systems. This provides an interesting connection between stable homotopy theory and quantum information theory.
High-performance arduino-based interferometric quadrature phase-shift detection system with 1 nm resolution
Authors: Mühlberger K. , Harvey C. M. , Fokine M.
Published: October 2021

A quadrature phase-shift detection system for interferometry has been conceptualized and evaluated. The main components, a microcontroller and two photodetectors, make a versatile low-cost detection system for displacement measurements or more generally phase-change measurements. The system is capable of sampling at 5 kHz with a spatial resolution of 1 nm.
A self-powered solar-blind photodetector based on polyaniline/α-Ga2O3 p–n heterojunction
Authors: Sun X. Y. , Chen X. H. , Hao J. G. , Wang Z. P. , Xu Y. , Gong H. H. , Zhang Y. J. , Yu X. X. , Zhang C. D. , Ren F.-F. , Gu S. L. , Zhang R. , Ye J. D.
Published: October 2021

In this work, we demonstrated the self-powered solar-blind photodetector based on a polyaniline/α-Ga2O3 hybrid heterojunction. The resultant device exhibited distinct self-power characteristics with a peak photoresponsivity (R) of 8.2 mA/W, a UVC (UV light of wavelength range at 200–280 nm)/UVA (UV light of wavelength range at 320–400 nm) rejection ratio (R220 nm/R400 nm) of 2.97 × 104, and a response decay time (τdec) of 176 μs at zero bias. With an elevated bias to 5 V, the dark current remained in an ultralow level of 0.21 pA, while the rejection ratio and τdec were improved to be 7.13 × 104 and 153 μs, respectively, together with the corresponding external quantum efficiency of 38.4% and a detectivity of 6.63 × 1013 Jones. Thanks to the dual functions of bandpass transmission in the deep-ultraviolet spectral region and the hole spreading transport of the polyaniline layer, the responsivity to the visible light is suppressed with the negligible internal photoemission effect, thus leading to the improved rejection ratio. Furthermore, weak interface interactions in such polyaniline/α-Ga2O3 organic–inorganic hybrid systems avoid the introduction of interfacial trapping centers by lattice mismatch and the stabilization of negatively charged anions (O2−) by (−NH2)-+species in polyaniline deactivate oxygen vacancies at the α-Ga2O3 surface, both of which lead to the negligible persistent photoconductivity effect. As a result, in the aid of the interfacial built-in field, the constructed hybrid heterojunction exhibited a self-powered detecting characteristic and a fast response speed. These findings verify the feasibility of delivering high performance photodetectors by implementing the inorganic/organic hybrid bipolar device design to overcome the difficulty in p-type Ga2O3.
Ion energy distribution function in very high frequency capacitive discharges excited by saw-tooth waveform
Authors: Sharma Sarveshwar , Sirse Nishant , Kuley Animesh , Turner Miles M
Published: October 2021

Tailoring the ion energy distribution function (IEDF) is vital for advanced plasma processing applications. Capacitively coupled plasma (CCP) discharges excited using a non-sinusoidal waveform have shown its capability to control IEDF through the generation of plasma asymmetry and DC self-bias. In this paper, we performed a particle-in-cell simulation study to investigate the IEDF in a symmetric capacitive discharge excited by a saw-tooth-like current waveform at a very high frequency. At a constant driving frequency of 27.12 MHz, the simulation results predict that the ion energy asymmetry in the discharge scales with the discharge current amplitude. A transition from a single narrow ion energy peak to a bi-modal type IEDF is observed with an increase in the current density amplitude. Further studies at a constant current density and varying the fundamental excitation frequency show that the ion energy asymmetry enhances with a reduction in the driving frequency. Increase in the plasma asymmetry and significant DC self-bias at a lower driving frequency is observed to be one of the principal factors responsible for the observed asymmetry in the ion energy peaks. An investigation of DC self-bias and plasma potential confirms that the powered electrode energy peak corresponds to the DC self-bias with respect to the plasma potential, and the grounded electrode peak corresponds to the plasma potential. These results suggest that although lower driving frequency is beneficial for generating the discharge asymmetry and large DC self-bias, a narrow low energy IEDF is plausible in very high frequency driven CCP systems.
Forecast of wind turbine output power by a multivariate polynomial-RF model
Authors: Niu Wangqiang , Yang Huajian , Huang Jiaying , Wang Xiaotong , Gu Wei
Published: October 2021

Accurate prediction of wind turbine power is an important means to ensure the stable operation of wind turbines. The traditional wind speed-power curve only shows the relationship between wind turbine power and wind speed, without considering other influencing factors, such as rotor speed and pitch angle, and has certain limitations. Therefore, based on the supervisory control and data acquisition data of a wind farm, this paper proposes a hybrid multivariate prediction model that combines polynomial regression and random forest (RF) to predict wind turbine output power. First, to reduce the difficulty of expert analysis, the maximum information coefficient is used to analyze the correlation between data and select features. Wind speed, rotor speed, pitch angle, and wind direction are considered important and chosen for power prediction modeling. Then the relationship between multiple variables and output power is established through polynomial regression. Finally, the new polynomial features and output power are used to train the RF model to predict the output power. The experimental results show that the predicted wind speed and power diagram shows a band-like distribution, which matches closely with the real one; compared with multiple models such as a single RF model, a polynomial regression model, and a feedforward artificial neural network model, the polynomial-RF model has the highest prediction accuracy. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the polynomial-RF model prediction is 0.06, and the root mean square error (RMSE) is 114. Compared with the single RF model, the MAPE predicted by the polynomial-RF model is reduced by 14%, and the RMSE is reduced by 6%. It can be seen that the polynomial-RF model proposed in this paper has a good application prospect in the prediction of wind turbine output power.
Fabry–Pérot interference principle-based non-contact thermoacoustic imaging system for breast tumor screening
Authors: Wang Haohao , Ma Yuanzheng , Zhao Shuxiang , Li Yujing , Wu Linghua , Qin Huan , Xing Da
Published: October 2021

Microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging (MTAI) is a potential nonionizing candidate for breast tumor detection due to its high contrast of tissue dielectric absorption and high resolution of ultrasonography. However, conventional MTAI systems need to contact the imaging targets through the ultrasound-coupling medium for the efficient transmission of thermoacoustic signals. This is a major drawback for potential applications such as navigation of open surgeries, burns, and ulcer testing. In this paper, we report a Fabry–Pérot (FP) interference principle-based non-contact thermoacoustic imaging system (NCTAIS). The system can infer the ultrasonic intensity by detecting the changes of the acoustically induced refractive index in the FP cavity. The miniaturized FP interferometer with a diameter of 5 mm achieves outstanding imaging sensitivity with a frequency response up to 1 MHz. An adaptive Stolt migration-based imaging reconstruction algorithm is proposed to solve the MTAI image distortion caused by the significant difference in sound velocity between air and a biological tissue. The NCTAIS is capable of achieving an axial resolution of 0.95 mm and a lateral resolution of 1.91 mm. The technical feasibility for breast tumor screening is validated with an in vitro simulated breast tumor model. The results demonstrate that the proposed NCTAIS offers high imaging sensitivity, high contrast, and deep imaging depth and will have more application scenarios than the conventional MTAI system, requiring the ultrasonic coupling medium to contact ultrasonic transducers.
Engineering and probing atomic quantum defects in 2D semiconductors: A perspective
Authors: Robinson Joshua A. , Schuler Bruno
Published: October 2021

Semiconducting two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are considered a key materials class to scale microelectronics to the ultimate atomic level. The robust quantum properties in TMDs also enable new device concepts that promise to push quantum technologies beyond cryogenic environments. Mission-critical capabilities toward realizing these goals are the mitigation of accidental lattice imperfections and the deterministic generation of desirable defects. In this Perspective, the authors review some of their recent results on engineering and probing atomic point defects in 2D TMDs. Furthermore, we provide a personal outlook on the next frontiers in this fast evolving field.
Spectral proper orthogonal decomposition of compressor tip leakage flow
Authors: He Xiao , Fang Zhou , Rigas Georgios , Vahdati Mehdi
Published: October 2021

To identify the spatiotemporal coherent structure of compressor tip leakage flow, spectral proper orthogonal decomposition (SPOD) is performed on the near-tip flow field and the blade surface pressure of a low-speed compressor rotor. The data used for the SPOD analysis are obtained by delayed-detached eddy simulation, which is validated against the experimental data. The investigated rotor near-tip flow field is governed by two tip leakage vortices (TLV), and the near-tip compressor passage can be divided into four zones: the formation of main TLV (Zone I), the main TLV breakdown (Zone II), the formation of tip blockage cell (Zone III), and the formation of secondary TLV (Zone IV). Modal analysis from SPOD shows that a major part of total disturbance energy comes from the main TLV oscillating mode in Zone I and the main TLV vortex shedding mode in Zone III, both of which are low-frequency and low-rank; on the contrary, modal components in Zones II and IV are broadband and non-low-rank. Unsteady blade forces are mainly generated by the impingement of the main TLV on the blade pressure surface in Zone III, rather than the detachment of the secondary TLV from the blade suction surface in Zone IV. These identified coherent structures provide valuable knowledge for the aerodynamic/aeroelastic effects, turbulence modeling, and reduced-order modeling of compressor tip leakage flow.
Efficient Cauchy distribution based quantum state preparation by using the comparison algorithm
Authors: Wang Ethan
Published: October 2021

The quantum Monte Carlo algorithm can provide significant speedup compared to its classical counterpart. So far, most reported works have utilized Grover’s state preparation algorithm. However, this algorithm relies on costly controlled Y rotations to apply the correct amplitudes onto the superposition states. Recently, a comparison-based state preparation method was proposed to reduce computational complexity by avoiding rotation operations. One critical aspect of this method is the generation of the comparison threshold associated with the amplitude of the quantum superposition states. The direct computation of the comparison threshold is often very costly. An alternative is to estimate the threshold with a Taylor approximation. However, Taylor approximations do not work well with heavy-tailed distribution functions such as the Cauchy distribution, which is widely used in applications such as financial modeling. Therefore, a new state preparation method needs to be developed. In this study, an efficient comparison-based state preparation method is proposed for the heavy-tailed Cauchy distribution. Instead of a single Taylor approximation for the entire function domain, this study uses quantum piecewise arithmetic to increase accuracy and reduce computational cost. The proposed piecewise function is in the simplest form to estimate the comparison threshold associated with the amplitudes. Numerical analysis shows that the number of required subdomains increases linearly as the maximum tolerated approximation error decreases exponentially. 197 subdomains are required to keep the error below 18192 of the maximum amplitude. Quantum parallelism ensures that the computational complexity of estimating the amplitudes is independent from the number of subdomains.
Role of Cyber-Security in Smart Energy Management Systems
Authors: Ranjan Sudhakar , Moin Sarim , Vashist Parikshit , Moin Uddin Abdus Samad
Published: October 2021

Cyber-security is the most fundamental requirement of digital enterprises. Cyber-security helps an organization to monitor, detect, report, and counter cyber-attacks to maintain data confidentiality. The adoption of cyber-security solutions is expected to grow with emerging technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, cloud computing, supply chains, etc. Cyber-security ventures predict that global funding on cyber-security products and services will exceed one trillion U.S. dollars cumulatively over the next five years. A robust cyber-safety layer in a framework is a well-recognized tool used to support statistical measurement, data analysis, and analytical commentary. A smart energy management system is a system of computer-aided tools used by operators of the electrical grid to monitor and optimize the performance of the system. The monitor and control functions are known as SCADA (which stands for supervisory control and data acquisition), and the optimization packages are often referred to as advanced applications. Thus, a communication infrastructure is necessary to integrate the smart energy management system. To counter possible disruption, a highly reliable, secure, robust, and cost-effective information and communications technology infrastructure is absolutely essential. Most of the materials in this chapter cover baseline concepts with which all security professionals and experts will develop smart energy management.
Yield-scaled greenhouse gas emissions from the use of common urea and controlled-release nitrogen fertiliser in a subtropical paddy rice field
Authors: Veçozzi Thais Antolini , de Sousa Rogério Oliveira , Scivittaro Walkyria Bueno , Bayer Cimelio , Silveira Anderson Dias , Jardim Thaís Murias
Published: October 2021

Suitable nitrogen (N) fertilisation is key for economic and environmental sustainability of croplands, and little is known on the potential of slow-release N sources to mitigate nitrous oxide (N2O) and methane (CH4) emissions in paddy rice growing in subtropical lowlands. We assessed the impact of controlled-released N fertiliser (CRNF) on partial global warming potential (pGWP) and yield-scaled greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions (GHG emission per unit of yield) in comparison to common urea in irrigated rice growing in a Typic Albaqualf in southern Brazil. The field experiment comprised four treatments: (1) control; (2) common urea applied into three splits, and CRNF applied at rice sowing; (3) on soil surface; and (4) in the seeding furrow. The N fertilisers did not increase N2O emissions when compared to control with exception of CRNF at the seeding furrow. However, N fertilisation increased CH4 emissions, with exception of the CRNF applied to the seeding furrow. Rice grain yields (7954–8637 kg ha−1) were not affected by N sources. The pGWP (11 683–14 297 kg CO2 eq ha−1) and the yield-scaled GHG (1.47–1.74 kg CO2 eq kg−1 grain) were similar among N sources. N fertilisation is a crucial practice to obtain high rice yields, which did not affect negatively the yield-scaled GHG emissions in this subtropical environment under continuous flood irrigation. CRNF applied at rice sowing provides rice grain productivity and agronomic efficiency similar to common urea applied into three splits.
Releasing incompatible males drives strong suppression across populations of wild and
Wolbachia
-carrying
Aedes aegypti
in Australia
Authors: Beebe Nigel W. , Pagendam Dan , Trewin Brendan J. , Boomer Andrew , Bradford Matt , Ford Andrew , Liddington Catherine , Bondarenco Artiom , De Barro Paul J. , Gilchrist Joshua , Paton Christopher , Staunton Kyran M. , Johnson Brian , Maynard Andrew J. , Devine Gregor J. , Hugo Leon E. , Rasic Gordana , Cook Helen , Massaro Peter , Snoad Nigel , Crawford Jacob E. , White Bradley J. , Xi Zhiyong , Ritchie Scott A.
Published: October 2021

Significance

With over 40% of humans at risk from mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya, and Zika, the development of environmentally friendly mosquito-control tools is critical. The release of reproductively incompatible male mosquitoes carrying a
Wolbachia
bacterium can drive mating events that kill the eggs. Through replicated treatment and control experiments in northern Australia, regular releases of
Aedes aegypti
males infected with
a Wolbachia
from
Aedes albopictus
was shown to drive strong population suppression in mosaic populations of wild-type (no
Wolbachia
) and
w
Mel-
Wolbachia
–carrying
Ae. aegypti
. In a demonstration of bidirectional incompatibility between different
Wolbachia
strains in the field, we also demonstrate that one season’s suppression experiment can also show an ongoing effect into the following season.