bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on the accounting quality of public listed companies at the Budapest Stock Exchange
Authors: Tóth Gábor , Széles Zsuzsanna
Published: September 2018

The operation of a financial reporting system is very expensive. In all areas where costs arise, it is important to examine whether the benefits exceed the costs or not. The objectives of financial reporting in Hungary are specified by Act C of 2000 on Accounting (HLA). In this paper, we will show these objectives and the defined accounting principles, as well. With the help of previous research, we have reviewed how accounting quality is measured. The aim of this research is to examine the difference in accounting quality between the publicly listed and private companies in Hungary and develop an evaluation process that takes due account of the complexity of the topic. To this end, we studied the separate (non-consolidated) financial statements of 63 Hungarian com- panies during the period of 1998-2016. Forty-seven percent of the statements were disclosed by public companies and fifty-three percent were disclosed by private companies. The examined financial statements were prepared in accordance with the HLA. To evaluate the data, we examined accruals, timely loss recognition, the vola- tility of earnings, cash flow and earnings management towards target. To summarize the results, we developed an evaluation model which is based on the basic accounting principles and the above-mentioned methods. We found that publicly listed companies have higher accounting quality compared to private companies.
Isolamento de gnafalina a partir de Achyrocline alata (HBK) D. C.
Authors: Bauer Luiz , Bacha Catarina T. M. , Silva Gilberto A. de A. B. e , Siqueira Norma C. S. de , Sant'Ana Belkis M. S.
Published: September 2018

A flavonoid was isolated from flowering stems of Achyrocline alata and structure was assigned to it by comparison with an authentic sample of 5-hydroxy-7, 8-dimethoxy-favonol.
Ictiofauna do Rio Santa Maria, RS
Authors: Bossemeyer Ilca Marion Knewitz , Weiss Maria Laci Cezimbra , Bennemann Sirlei Terezinha , Bier Maria De Lourdes Souza
Published: September 2018

The ichthyologic fauna of the Santa Maria River was studied through seasonal collections from august 1984 to may 1985. Considerations were made about the systematics, ocurrence and abundance of the collected species. A total of 1345 fishes pertaining to thirty nine genera and fifty three species were examined and identified.
Análise microbiológica da água de coco comercializada na cidade de juazeiro do norte, Ceará
Authors: Silva Janniely Vieira da , Sousa Junior Dárcio Luiz De , Leandro Lívia Maria Garcia , Macedo Rakel Olinda , Guedes Tássia Thaís de Alencar Martins , Aquino Pedro Everson Alexandre de
Published: September 2018

O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a qualidade microbiológica da água de coco comercializadas na cidade de Juazeiro do Norte, Ceará. As amostras foram inoculadas em meio BHI, em seguida foi realizado o semeio nos meios Ágar manitol, SS e EMB, posteriormente confirmou-se com provas bioquímicas. Adquiriu-se 30 amostras de água de coco onde, 30% apresentaram contaminação sendo 10% por Staphylococcus aureus, 20% por Escherichia coli e 0% de Salmonella sp., isto pode estar relacionado aos resultados obtidos no check-list, visto que os ambulantes não realizavam o armazenamento e a higienização dos utensílios de trabalho adequadamente. Realizou-se também o antibiograma, onde as cepas de Staphylococcus aureus apresentaram resistência a quatro dos cinco antibióticos utilizados e Escherichia coli apresentou resistência a três antibióticos.  Diante disto é necessário uma maior fiscalização dos órgãos reguladores da produção de alimentos, auxiliando os vendedores ambulantes, para minimizar os riscos e garantir a saúde dos consumidores. Palavras – chaves: Água de coco; Microrganismos; Ambulantes
Proteínas bioativas das sementes de tamarindo reduzem leptina plasmática independente da perda de peso em ratos com obesidade
Authors: Morais Ana Heloneida De Araújo , Costa Izael De Sousa , Carvalho Fabiana Maria Coimbra de
Published: September 2018

Introdução: A obesidade caracteriza-se pelo acúmulo excessivo de gordura corporal, sendo essa responsável por elevadas concentrações de leptina. Pesquisas têm procurado adjuvantes no seu tratamento e as proteínas isoladas das sementes de tamarindo tem se destacado por possuírem atividades anti-obesidade e anti-inflamatória. Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito das proteínas de tamarindo sobre o peso, o índice de Lee e a concentração plasmática de leptina em ratos Wistar com obesidade. Metodologia: Utilizaram-se três grupos (n=5) de ratos Wistar, adultos, machos e com obesidade (Índice de Lee ≥ 300). As proteínas isoladas foram oferecidas durante 10 dias, por gavagem, aos animais do grupo teste. Ao grupo com tratamento convencional foi ofertada uma dieta padrão. Os animais do terceiro grupo receberam dieta de alto índice glicêmico e carga glicêmica, a mesma utilizada para indução da obesidade. No primeiro e no décimo dia de experimento, aferiu-se o peso e foi medido o comprimento caudal dos animais para avaliação do índice de Lee. Após a eutanásia, coletou-se sangue para dosagem de leptina. Resultados: O índice de Lee e o peso não sofreram influência em ambos os tratamentos (proteínas e dieta padrão). Entretanto, as proteínas provocaram uma discreta redução do Índice de Lee [0.312 (6,1) para 0.311 (4,3)], e do peso [402 g (38.6) para 400 g (35.7)]. Quanto a dosagem de leptina, 60% dos animais do grupo teste apresentaram redução de leptina (< 0,1ng/mL). Conclusão: As proteínas isoladas de tamarindo reduziram a leptina plasmática independente da perda de peso em ratos com obesidade, despontando como promissoras no estudo do tratamento da obesidade.
How Is Individuality Possible? Georg Simmel’s Philosophy and Sociology of Individualism
Authors: Müller Hans-Peter , Cavalli Alessandro , Ferrara Alessandro
Published: September 2018

“How is society possible?” The mirror image of Simmel’s famous question is: “How is individuality possible?” To answer this question Simmel developed a philosophy and sociology of individualism. The “tragedy of individuality” consists of the hiatus between the social structure offering freedom and individuality and the culture unable to provide the necessary meaning and orientation. This is shown with respect to epistemic, structural, cultural and ethic individuality.
Assessing the role of dispersed floral resources for managed bees in providing supporting ecosystem services for crop pollination
Authors: Melin Annalie , Rouget Mathieu , Colville Jonathan F. , Midgley Jeremy J. , Donaldson John S.
Published: September 2018

Most pollination ecosystem services studies have focussed on wild pollinators and their dependence on natural floral resources adjacent to crop fields. However, managed pollinators depend on a mixture of floral resources that are spatially separated from the crop field. Here, we consider the supporting role these resources play as an ecosystem services provider to quantify the use and availability of floral resources, and to estimate their relative contribution to support pollination services of managed honeybees. Beekeepers supplying pollination services to the Western Cape deciduous fruit industry were interviewed to obtain information on their use of floral resources. For 120 apiary sites, we also analysed floral resources within a two km radius of each site based on geographic data. The relative availability of floral resources at sites was compared to regional availability. The relative contribution of floral resources-types to sustain managed honeybees was estimated. Beekeepers showed a strong preference for eucalypts and canola. Beekeepers selectively placed more hives at sites with eucalypt and canola and less with natural vegetation. However, at the landscape-scale, eucalypt was the least available resource, whereas natural vegetation was most common. Based on analysis of apiary sites, we estimated that 700,818 ha of natural vegetation, 73,910 ha of canola fields, and 10,485 ha of eucalypt are used to support the managed honeybee industry in the Western Cape. Whereas the Cape managed honeybee system uses a bee native to the region, alien plant species appear disproportionately important among the floral resources being exploited. We suggest that an integrated approach, including evidence from interview and landscape data, and fine-scale biological data is needed to study floral resources supporting managed honeybees.
Composite Carbon Nanotube Microsphere Coatings for Use as Electrode Supports
Authors: Fraser Alison , Zhang Zishuai , Merle Geraldine , Gbureck Uwe , Ye Siyu , Gostick Jeff , Barralet Jake
Published: September 2018

Carbon nanotubes and titania, highly corrosion‐resistant materials, are successfully assembled into high surface area microparticles (162 m2 g−1) in one step using low‐power ultrasound. The composite microparticles are electrically conductive (>0.4 S cm−1). The microparticles are deposited as an electrical layer (<2.5 µm) on a stainless‐steel mesh gas diffusion layer using a tribochemical coating technique. Long‐term durability testing in 0.5 m H2SO4 at 80 °C confirms the corrosion resistance of the catalyst coating. This coating method may have wider applicability for other electrical and electrochemical devices that require thin corrosion‐resistant coatings.
Functionalized Bioink with Optical Sensor Nanoparticles for O2 Imaging in 3D‐Bioprinted Constructs
Authors: Trampe Erik , Koren Klaus , Akkineni Ashwini Rahul , Senwitz Christian , Krujatz Felix , Lode Anja , Gelinsky Michael , Kühl Michael
Published: September 2018

Research on 3D bioprinting of living cells has strong focus on printable biocompatible materials and monitoring of cell growth in printed constructs, while cell metabolism is mostly measured in media surrounding the constructs or by destructive sample analyses. Bioprinting is combined with online imaging of O2 by functionalizing a hydrogel bioink via addition of luminescent optical sensor nanoparticles. Rheological properties of the bioink enable 3D printing of hydrogel layers with uniform response to O2 concentration. Co‐immobilization of sensor nanoparticles with green microalgae and/or mesenchymal stem cells does not affect cell viability over several days. Interference from microalgal autofluorescence on the O2 imaging is negligible, and no leakage or photobleaching of nanoparticles is observed over 2–3 days. Oxygen dynamics due to respiration and photosynthesis of cells can be imaged online and the metabolic activity of different cell types can be discriminated in intact 3D structures. Bioinks containing chemical sensor particles enable noninvasive mapping of cell metabolism and spatiotemporal dynamics of their chemical microenvironment in 3D‐printed structures. This major advance now facilitates rapid evaluation of cell activity in printed constructs as a function of structural complexity, metabolic interactions in mixed species bioprints, and in response to external incubation conditions.
Addition Effect of Pyreneammonium Iodide to Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite‐2D/3D Heterostructured Perovskite with Enhanced Stability
Authors: Yang Fu , Zhang Putao , Kamarudin Muhammad Akmal , Kapil Gaurav , Ma Tingli , Hayase Shuzi
Published: September 2018

Despite the eminent performance of the organometallic halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs), the poor stability for humidity and ultraviolet irradiation is still major problem for the commercialization of PSCs. Herein, a novel functional organic compound 1‐(ammonium acetyl)pyrene is successfully introduced for preparing the 2D/3D heterostructured MAPbI3 perovskite. Because of the functional organic pyrene group with high humidity resistance and strong absorption in the ultraviolet region, the 2D/3D perovskite film shows notable stability with no degradation in ≈60% relative humidity after even six months and exhibits a high ultraviolet irradiation stability which keeps nearly no degradation after 1 h in the UV Ozone treatment. Planar PSCs are fabricated in the ≈60% relative humidity air outside glovebox. The champion efficiency of (PEY2PbI4)0.02MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells is 14.7% with nearly no hysteresis which is equal performance of 3D MAPbI3 devices (15.0%). This work presents a new direction for enhancing the solar cells' performance and stability by incorporating a functional organic aromatic compound into the perovskite layer.
3D Printed Robotic Assembly Enabled Reconfigurable Display with Higher Resolution
Authors: Qaiser Nadeem , Khan Sherjeel Munsif , Chow Kelvin , Cordero Marlon Diaz , Wicaksono Irmandy , Hussain Muhammad Mustafa
Published: September 2018

The stretchable display might play a crucial role in transforming many potential applications including wearable electronics, flexible displays for smart TV/devices, health monitoring wristbands, and illumination systems. To date, the most commonly used stretchable displays include the installation of light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) onto a compliant substrate. However, they have critical limitations such as an increase in resistance and degradation of pixel resolution due to growing gaps between LEDs. Here, a reversible stretchable platform is demonstrated, which preserves not only the resistance of LEDs but also the pixel resolution of the display. Our stretchable platform utilizes the concept of the multilevel arrangement of LEDs, which are mechanically guided by joint pins/links to move out‐of‐plane and fill the evolved gap. To corroborate the concept of the reconfigurable display, the reconfigurable platform is manufactured by using a 3D printer. Our design might be a key enabling technology to next‐generation expandable display and illuminations systems.
Recommended Methods to Study Resistive Switching Devices
Authors: Lanza Mario , Wong H.‐S. Philip , Pop Eric , Ielmini Daniele , Strukov Dimitri , Regan Brian C. , Larcher Luca , Villena Marco A. , Yang J. Joshua , Goux Ludovic , Belmonte Attilio , Yang Yuchao , Puglisi Francesco M. , Kang Jinfeng , Magyari‐Köpe Blanka , Yalon Eilam , Kenyon Anthony , Buckwell Mark , Mehonic Adnan , Shluger Alexander , Li Haitong , Hou Tuo‐Hung , Hudec Boris , Akinwande Deji , Ge Ruijing , Ambrogio Stefano , Roldan Juan B. , Miranda Enrique , Suñe Jordi , Pey Kin Leong , Wu Xing , Raghavan Nagarajan , Wu Ernest , Lu Wei D. , Navarro Gabriele , Zhang Weidong , Wu Huaqiang , Li Runwei , Holleitner Alexander , Wurstbauer Ursula , Lemme Max C. , Liu Ming , Long Shibing , Liu Qi , Lv Hangbing , Padovani Andrea , Pavan Paolo , Valov Ilia , Jing Xu , Han Tingting , Zhu Kaichen , Chen Shaochuan , Hui Fei , Shi Yuanyuan
Published: September 2018

Resistive switching (RS) is an interesting property shown by some materials systems that, especially during the last decade, has gained a lot of interest for the fabrication of electronic devices, with electronic nonvolatile memories being those that have received the most attention. The presence and quality of the RS phenomenon in a materials system can be studied using different prototype cells, performing different experiments, displaying different figures of merit, and developing different computational analyses. Therefore, the real usefulness and impact of the findings presented in each study for the RS technology will be also different. This manuscript describes the most recommendable methodologies for the fabrication, characterization, and simulation of RS devices, as well as the proper methods to display the data obtained. The idea is to help the scientific community to evaluate the real usefulness and impact of an RS study for the development of RS technology.
Impact of a novel bitumen extraction process on mined oil sands tailings behavior
Authors: Lin Feng , Xu Yuming
Published: September 2018

Hybrid bitumen extraction (HBE) at ambient conditions has potential, as an alternative to the commercially used modified Clark hot water extraction (CHWE) for mined oil sands. In this work, the dewatering behaviors of tailings suspensions generated on a pilot scale from standard CHWE and from HBE are studied. Using a centrifuge‐based technique, sediment height at a given centrifugal acceleration is measured as a function of time, as is equilibrium consolidation height vs. acceleration. By fitting the measurements to a consolidation model, compressive yield stress data is obtained. Settling of tailings suspensions under earth's gravitation are also observed for comparison. Results demonstrate that the suspensions from the pilot HBE process settle faster than those from standard aqueous process at a given acceleration. The data also suggest that the suspensions from the pilot HBE are more compressible, as indicated by higher final compressed solids weight fraction for a given yield stress.© 2018 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of CanadaAIChE Journal © 2018 American Institute of Chemical EngineersReproduced with the permission of the Minister of Natural Resources Canada. AIChE J, 65: 250–258, 2019
Development of a cerebrovascular magnetic resonance imaging biomarker for cognitive aging
Authors: Vemuri Prashanthi , Lesnick Timothy G. , Przybelski Scott A. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Reid Robert I. , Lowe Val J. , Zuk Samantha M. , Senjem Matthew L. , Schwarz Christopher G. , Gunter Jeffrey L. , Kantarci Kejal , Machulda Mary M. , Mielke Michelle M. , Petersen Ronald C. , Knopman David S. , Jack Clifford R.
Published: September 2018

Objective

Recent availability of amyloid and tau positron emission tomography (PET) has provided us with a unique opportunity to measure the association of systemic vascular health with brain health after accounting for the impact of Alzheimer disease (AD) pathologies. We wanted to quantify early cerebrovascular health–related magnetic resonance imaging brain measures (structure, perfusion, microstructural integrity) and evaluate their utility as a biomarker for cerebrovascular health.

Methods

We used 2 independent samples (discovery, n = 390; validation, n = 1,035) of individuals, aged ≥ 60 years, along the cognitive continuum with imaging from the population‐based sample of Mayo Clinic Study of Aging. We ascertained vascular health by summing up recently existing cardiovascular and metabolic conditions (CMC) from health care records (hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cardiac arrhythmias, coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and stroke). Using multiple regression models, we quantified associations between CMC and brain health after accounting for age, sex, education/occupation, and AD burden (from amyloid and tau PET).

Results

Systemic vascular health was associated with medial temporal lobe thinning, widespread cerebral hypoperfusion, and loss of microstructural integrity in several white matter tracts including the corpus callosum and fornix. Further investigations suggested that microstructural integrity of the genu of the corpus callosum was suitable for assessing prodromal cerebrovascular health, had similar distributions in the discovery and independent validation datasets, and predicted cognitive performance above and beyond amyloid deposition.

Interpretation

Systemic vascular health has significant impact on brain structure and function. Quantifying prodromal cerebrovascular health–related brain measures that are independent of AD pathology–related changes has great utility for cognitive aging. Ann Neurol 2018;84:713–724
Helical Fibers via Evaporation‐Driven Self‐Assembly of Surface‐Acylated Cellulose Nanowhiskers
Authors: Liu Huan , Pang Bo , Garces Renata , Dervisoglu Riza , Chen Longquan , Andreas Loren , Zhang Kai
Published: September 2018

Many natural materials have helical or twisting shapes. Herein, we show the formation of helical fibers with the lengths of micrometers by the evaporation‐driven self‐assembly on silicon wafers of functionalized cellulose nanowhiskers (CNWs) with surface‐attached acyl chains. The self‐assembly process and the final helical structures were affected by parameters including the wettability of substrates, dispersing solvents, the amount of 10‐undecenoyl groups, the crystallinity, the dimension of CNWs, and the length of acyl chains. In particular, surface‐acylated CNWs with a certain amount of 10‐undecenoyl groups (ca. 3.52 mmol g−1), an appropriate crystallinity (ca. 40 %), a length of about 135 nm, and a diameter of around 4 nm, preferentially self‐assembled into explicit left‐handed helical fibers from their THF suspensions on wafers. Thus, we showed novel particular self‐assembly behaviors of surface‐acylated CNWs, and we expanded the materials spectrum for the construction of helical structures.
A Quality Improvement Project to Determine the Effect of Aromatherapy on Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting in a Short‐Stay Surgical Population
Authors: Brown Lenora , Danda Linda , Fahey Thomas J.
Published: September 2018

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a major concern for short‐stay surgical patients because it can delay discharge and cause preventable postoperative complications, which in turn can increase hospital costs. Evidence suggests that aromatherapy effectively reduces PONV, either as a monotherapy or in conjunction with pharmacologic antiemetics. This quality improvement project investigated the effectiveness of aromatherapy in reducing PONV in a short‐stay surgical population. The outcome of this project supported the hypothesis that the administration of blended aromatherapy would result in a significant decrease in patients’ self‐reported ratings of nausea. This finding suggests that aromatherapy is an appropriate adjunct therapy for decreasing patient nausea and vomiting in this short‐stay surgical unit and may help prevent discharge delays in this population.
Creating a Surgical Site Infection Prevention Bundle for Patients Undergoing Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Money Laura , Eyer Milea , Duncan Kensi
Published: September 2018

We formed an interdisciplinary team to create a standardized, evidence‐based protocol that would reduce cesarean delivery surgical site infection rates at our tertiary teaching facility. The Joint Commission's current implementation guide for surgical site infections, although comprehensive, does not specifically address strategies associated with the obstetric patient population. The team's approach included developing and providing patient education and preparation, standardizing prophylactic antibiotic administration, developing consistent evidence‐based abdominal and vaginal preparation processes, standardizing postoperative incision care, and engaging clinical team members in process improvement. This collaboration resulted in a decrease in surgical site infection rates from 4.1% in 2014 and 5.9% in 2015 to 0.8% by the end of 2016 and 0.6% in the first two quarters of 2017. Systemizing processes initiated by the interdisciplinary team improved patient outcomes, limited readmissions, and reduced costs to the institution.
Root Cause Analysis of Reported Patient Falls in ORs in the Veterans Health Administration
Authors: Soncrant Christina M. , Warner Lisa J. , Neily Julia , Paull Douglas E. , Mazzia Lisa , Mills Peter D. , Gunnar William , Hemphill Robin R.
Published: September 2018

This quality improvement project describes 22 OR patient falls reported in the Veterans Health Administration between January 2010 and February 2016. Most (n = 15; 68%) involved patient falls from the OR bed. Other patient falls (n = 6; 27%) occurred when the patient was transferred to or from the OR bed, and one fall (5%) occurred at another time. Root causes of the falls included tilting of the OR bed, issues with safety restraints, malfunctioning OR bed or gurney locks, inadequate patient sedation, and poor communication among team members. One fall (5%) resulted in a major injury, four falls (18%) resulted in minor injuries, six falls resulted in no injury, and 11 falls (50%) had no reported outcome. Falls in the OR, although rare, can be injurious. We drafted recommendations based on the root causes that include specific guidance on communication, teamwork, best practices, restraints and equipment, and training.
Effect of the sheet size on the thermal stability of silicone rubber–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposites
Authors: Wang Y. , Qiu X. , Zheng J.
Published: September 2018

The structures of differently sized reduced graphene oxides (rGOs), the dispersion state, and the compatibility of rGO with silicone rubber (SR) are important impact factors on the properties of SR–rGO nanocomposites. To analyze the influence of the size of rGO on the properties of SR‐based nanocomposites, three differently sized rGO sheets were introduced into SR to fabricate a series of SR‐based nanocomposites. The SR–middle‐sized reduced graphene oxide (MrGO) nanocomposites showed the best mechanical and thermal properties. Compared with the blank sample, the SR–MrGO nanocomposites presented remarkable two‐fold and three‐fold increases in the tensile modulus and strength values. The initial degradation temperature increased nearly 40 °C. In this study, we investigated the size effect of graphene on the thermal stability by examining the thermal degradation mechanism of the different SR–rGO nanocomposites in detail. Ultimately, this research may suggest a facile approach for improving the thermal stability of SR. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47034.
Polypropylene composite hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes with an acrylic hydrogel surface by in situ ultrasonic wave‐assisted polymerization for dye removal
Authors: Shao H. , Qi Y. , Liang S. , Qin S. , Yu J.
Published: September 2018

In this study, polypropylene composite hollow fiber membrane with an acrylic hydrogel layer was fabricated successfully by in situ ultrasonic wave‐assisted polymerization. The ultrasonic irradiation can significantly improve the grafting efficiency of acrylic acid on the membrane surface. The modified membranes were characterized on the basis of physicochemical characteristics, permeation performance and antifouling property. The results revealed that the pure water flux of modified membranes was significantly increased when the graft density was lower than 0.82 mg cm−2, due to the improvement of hydrophilicity. Interestingly, the optimized membrane PPM1.49 could efficiently remove organic dyes from aqueous solution, showing retentions of 99.5 and 98.7% to Congo red and methylthionine chloride, respectively. Meanwhile, its flux recovery ratio was elevated from 68.0 to 92.0% using bovine serum albumin aqueous solution as a foulant compared with the pristine membrane. These promising results indicate that modified membranes developed in this study are potentially applicable for dye removal from wastewater. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47099.
Exponential Stability of Stochastic Differential Equations with Impulse Effects at Random Times
Authors: Hu Wei , Zhu Quanxin
Published: September 2018

In this paper, we investigate the exponential stability for a class of impulse stochastic differential equations. Different from the previous literature, the impulsive times considered in this paper are random times. By applying stochastic processes theory, stochastic analysis theory and Lyaponov method, we establish several novel exponential stability criteria of the suggested system. Finally, several simple examples are provided to show the validity and significance of the results.
Anatomy of the ankle capsule: A cadaveric study
Authors: Tantigate Direk , Noback Peter C. , Bäcker Henrik C. , Seetharaman Mani , Greisberg Justin K. , Vosseller J. Turner
Published: September 2018

Although bony and ligamentous injuries of the ankle are well understood, little is known about the degree to which injury of the ankle capsule can be a component of such injuries. The purpose of this study was to determine the dimensions of the ankle capsule and its relationship to adjacent structures. Thirteen fresh‐frozen ankle specimens were systematically dissected. Methylene blue solution was injected to identify the dimensions of the ankle capsule. External dimensions were measured as the distance from the capsular reflection to the bony margin of the ankle. Internal dimensions were measured as the distance from the capsular attachment of the distal tibia, fibula, and talus to the cartilage margin. The anterior aspect of the capsule demonstrated the most proximal capsular reflection in all specimens. The most proximal reflections of the anteromedial, anterior middle and anterolateral capsule were 10.3, 13.5, and 9.8 mm, respectively. The most proximal reflections of the posteromedial, posterior middle and posterolateral region were 8.7, 6.2, and 3.5 mm, respectively. There was no capsular reflection over the medial malleolus and less than 1 mm over the posterior lateral malleolus. There was a confluence of the capsule and ligamentous complex on the medial side, and also with the transverse tibiofibular ligament about the posterolateral ankle. The most proximal attachment of the ankle capsule was located at the anterior aspect of the distal tibia. The medial and posterolateral capsules were confluent with the ligamentous complexes of the ankle in those regions. Clin. Anat. 31:1018–1023, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analysis of solid tumor mutation profiles in liquid biopsy
Authors: Balaji Sai A. , Shanmugam Ashwini , Chougule Anuradha , Sridharan Srikant , Prabhash Kumar , Arya Anuradha , Chaubey Aditya , Hariharan Arun , Kolekar Pandurang , Sen Manimala , Ravichandran Aarthi , Katragadda Shanmukh , Sankaran Satish , Bhargava Saurabh , Kulkarni Prashanth , Rao Suchitra , Sunkavalli Chinnababu , Banavali Shripad , Joshi Amit , Noronha Vanita , Dutt Amit , Bahadur Urvashi , Hariharan Ramesh , Veeramachaneni Vamsi , Gupta Vaijayanti
Published: September 2018

Liquid biopsy is increasingly gaining traction as an alternative to invasive solid tumor biopsies for prognosis, treatment decisions, and disease monitoring. Matched tumor‐plasma samples were collected from 180 patients across different cancers with >90% of the samples below Stage IIIB. Tumors were profiled using next‐generation sequencing (NGS) or quantitative PCR (qPCR), and the mutation status was queried in the matched plasma using digital platforms such as droplet digital PCR (ddCPR) or NGS for concordance. Tumor‐plasma concordance of 82% and 32% was observed in advanced (Stage IIB and above) and early (Stage I to Stage IIA) stage samples, respectively. Interestingly, the overall survival outcomes correlated to presurgical/at‐biopsy ctDNA levels. Baseline ctDNA stratified patients into three categories: (a) high ctDNA correlated with poor survival outcome, (b) undetectable ctDNA with good outcome, and (c) low ctDNA whose outcome was ambiguous. ctDNA could be a powerful tool for therapy decisions and patient management in a large number of cancers across a variety of stages.
Cardiac allograft vasculopathy: A review
Authors: Lee Michael S. , Tadwalkar Rigved V. , Fearon William F. , Kirtane Ajay J. , Patel Amisha J. , Patel Chetan B. , Ali Ziad , Rao Sunil V.
Published: September 2018

Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) is a complex disease that remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT). Originating as a result of inflammatory response, the development and progression of CAV is attributed to endothelial dysfunction, cellular infiltration, and a wide‐range of genetic and patient factors. The detection of CAV remains a diagnostic challenge, as symptoms can be variable or absent. While coronary angiography remains the initial test of choice for the diagnosis and surveillance of CAV, intravascular imaging (either by ultrasound or optical coherence tomography) and physiologic assessments are useful adjuncts in the cardiac catheterization laboratory. Positron emission tomography, computed tomographic, and magnetic resonance imaging may have a role increasing the time interval between invasive screening tests for prognosis. Medical management should include a statin, vasodilator, and tailored immunosuppressive regimen that maximally decrease allograft rejection and CAV progression while causing minimal side effects. Patients that are less responsive to pharmacotherapy should be considered for invasive management with percutaneous coronary intervention. Although surgical revascularization is a poor option, repeat OHT is the only definitive treatment option but given its morbidity should be reserved for a highly selected patient population.
Fluorine Modified Boron Carbon Nitride Semiconductors for Improved Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction under Visible Light
Authors: Xing Fangshu , Liu Qiuwen , Song Mingxia , Huang Caijin
Published: September 2018

Photocatalytic conversion of CO2 to usable fuel precursors is one of the most important renewable paths to mitigate energy shortages and greenhouse gas emissions. Photocatalysts for this transformation are typically based on precious metals to obtain high yield and selectivity. Currently, metal‐free graphitic conjugated materials (such as g‐C3N4, ternary boron carbon nitride) are promising and emerging photocatalysts to offset the above issues. Here we further modulated photocatalytic performance of ternary boron carbon nitride (BCN) by introducing fluorine into its graphitic‐like framework. As a result, the fluorination of the BCN productively increases the CO yield by three times under visible light. It was found that fluorine doping can remarkably accelerate migration‐separation efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers, prolong lifetime of the excited state and optimize electronic properties of BCN.
Polyvinyl Butyral/Modified SiO2 Nanoparticle Membrane for Gasoline Desulfurization by Pervaporation
Authors: Hou Yingfei , Xu Yang , Li Haiping , Li Yiyu , Niu Qingshan Jason
Published: September 2018

Pervaporation (PV) has many potential advantages in fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) gasoline desulfurization. The PV membrane performance was improved by incorporating SiO2 nanoparticles in polyvinyl butyral (PVB). The coupling agent was used to enhance the compatibility between the inorganic phase and the organic phase to avoid the occurrence of film defects. Polyurethane membranes were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. To evaluate the PV performance, the real FCC gasoline was tested. The effects of the SiO2 content, the operating temperature, and the active layer thickness on the PV performance of the PVB/SiO2 membranes were investigated.
Crosslinked MnO2 Nanowires Anchored in Sulfur Self‐Doped Porous Carbon Skeleton with Superior Lithium Storage Performance
Authors: Jiang Min , Tang Jingjing , Zhou Xiangyang , Zhang Jiaming , Wang Qian , Xu Herong , Yang Juan
Published: September 2018

A facile process for the in‐situ anchoring of crosslinked MnO2 nanowires (MNs) in a preformed sulfur self‐doped porous carbon material (SPC) derived from antibiotic bacterial residues (ABRs) was developed, only involving impregnation of potassium permanganate aqueous solution into SPC and consequently occurring in‐situ redox reaction at room‐temperature. In the obtained SPC@MNs composite, SPC serves as a conductive collector for accelerating lithium‐ion transfer and a buffer carrier for reliving the volume‐expansion of MNs, and the in‐situ formed MNs homogeneously anchored in SPC can fully imply potential electrochemical properties and enable the whole skeleton more stable to guarantee good cycling stability. The proposed approach can not only solve the environmental problems associated with the accumulation of ABRs, but also achieve the maximization of dual energy storage and conversion of the SPC@MNs composite by elaborately utilizing the combinative merits of SPC and MNs. As a result, the SPC@MNs composite shows a reversible capacity of 953.4 mAh/g at 0.2 A/g after 80 cycles, and 745.9 mAh/g at 1 A/g after 450 cycles when used as anode for lithium‐ion batteries.
Hybrid Core–Shell Nanoparticles by “Plug and Play” Self‐Assembly
Authors: Pacaud Benjamin , Leclercq Loïc , Dechézelles Jean‐François , Nardello‐Rataj Véronique
Published: September 2018

Supramolecular hybrid functional nanoparticles (NPs) can be obtained via the colloidal tectonics approach provided that multiple interactive molecular tectons are used. Herein, the programmable synthesis of novel hybrid core–shell nanoparticles via the following sequential steps is reported: (i) complexation of 1‐decanol by the β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD), (ii) spontaneous self‐assembly into CD NPs, (iii) adsorption of polyoxometalate anions, PW12O403−, on the polar neutral interface of the CD NPs. Such an approach paves the way for the design of novel and original materials and systems.
Molecular Deformation, Charge Flow, and Spongelike Behavior in Anion–π {[M(CN)4]2−;[HAT(CN)6]}∞ (M=Ni, Pd, Pt) Supramolecular Stacks
Authors: Kuzniak Emilia , Pinkowicz Dawid , Hooper James , Srebro‐Hooper Monika , Hetmańczyk Łukasz , Podgajny Robert
Published: September 2018

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Robert Podgajny at Jagiellonian University. The image depicts the concept of the anion–π interactions between multisite anion receptors and cyanido‐complexes, in respect to the possible control of the formation of future polynuclear complexes. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201802933.
How does the Environment Influence a Given Cation? A Systematic Investigation of [Co(CO)5]+ in Gas Phase, Solution, and Solid State
Authors: Meier Stefan C. , Himmel Daniel , Krossing Ingo
Published: September 2018

IR spectroscopic studies of the gaseous metal carbonyl cations [Co(CO)5]+⋅mCO (m=1–4) indicated that the weakly bound CO molecules in a second coordination sphere perturb the structure of [Co(CO)5]+ causing the CO stretching frequencies ν(CO) to become noticeably redshifted. In this work, we aimed to establish the relationship between such gas phase IR spectra and those recorded in condensed phases, either as a solid salt or as a solution in the weakly basic solvent o‐difluorobenzene. For this purpose, a series of [Co(CO)5]+[WCA]− salts (WCA=weakly coordinating anion), with the counterions varying between more coordinating (WCA=F‐Al(ORF)3, (RFO)3Al‐F‐Al(F)(ORF)2; RF=C(CF3)3) and almost non‐coordinating (WCA=Al(ORF)4, F{Al(ORF)3}2), were synthesized and characterized by vibrational spectroscopy as well as X‐ray structure analysis. The experimental spectra differ considerably from that of the undisturbed gaseous [Co(CO)5]+ ion, as the structural deformation of [Co(CO)5]+ requires very little energy. Together with previously reported data, the perturbed condensed phase [Co(CO)5]+ ions were analyzed and compared with the gaseous [Co(CO)5]+⋅mCO ions. DFT calculations were performed on simply adapted [Co(CO)5]+ structures to allow the assignment of all the ν(CO) modes and a qualitative interpretation of structural deformations by external influences as a function of the environment (ligands, solvation, crystal packing). The analysis showed that especially the degenerate E′ mode νe and the averaged asymmetric equatorial CO stretch
e, which originates from a split of the E′ mode, are a function of the interaction with the environment. Whereas for the more coordinating counterions
e values of 2112–2120 cm−1 were obtained, for the less coordinating counterions
e values of up to 2133 cm−1 were found, which is very close to that of gaseous [Co(CO)5]+⋅4CO, with a
e value of 2135 cm−1. This indicates the possibility of approximating the gas phase conditions in the condensed phases with the [Co(CO)5]+ ion probably being the prototypical probe molecule for investigating the strengths of interactions in different environments.
Spatially Self‐Confined Formation of Ultrafine NiCoO2 Nanoparticles@Ultralong Amorphous N‐Doped Carbon Nanofibers as an Anode towards Efficient Capacitive Li+ Storage
Authors: Wang Zhengluo , Zhao Zhiwei , Zhang Yanru , Yang Xiaopeng , Sun Xuan , Zhang Jinyang , Hou Linrui , Yuan Changzhou
Published: September 2018

The exploration of anode materials with a high degree of electrochemical utilization for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) still remains a huge challenge despite pioneering breakthroughs. Rational engineering of electrode structures/components by facile strategies would offer infinite possibilities for the development of LIBs. In this study, one‐dimensional ultralong nanohybrids of ultrafine NiCoO2 nanoparticles dispersed in situ in and/or on the surface of amorphous N‐doped carbon nanofibers (NCO@ANCNFs) were fabricated by a bottom‐up electrospinning protocol. By virtue of synergistic structural/component features, the obtained ultralong NCO@ANCNFs with low NCO loading (≈33.6 wt %) show highly efficient Li+ storage performance with high reversible capacity, high rate capability, and long cycle life. The unusual reversible crystalline transformation during cycling was analyzed. Quantitative analysis revealed that the pseudocapacitive contribution mainly accounts for the superior lithium storage of the NCO@ANCNFs. Besides, the ability of the hybrid anode to deliver competitive Li‐storage properties even without conductive carbon greatly enhances its commercial applicability. An NCO@ANCNFs//LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 full battery was assembled and exhibited striking electrochemical properties. This contribution offers a scalable methodology to fabricate highly efficient hybrid anodes for advanced next‐generation LIBs.
Fault analysis of AEZ
Authors: Qahur Al Mahri Hassan , Simpson Leonie , Bartlett Harry , Dawson Ed , Wong Kenneth Koon‐Ho
Published: September 2018

AEZ is a block cipher mode based on AES which uses three 128‐bit keys. The algorithm has been updated several times during the three rounds of the CAESAR cryptographic competition. Cryptanalytic results presented on AEZ to date do not breach its security. This paper describes a fault injection analysis on AEZ. We focus on analysing AEZ v4.2 but also investigate the applicability of these analyses to the recent version AEZ v5. This paper shows that all three 128‐bit keys in AEZ v4.2 can be uniquely retrieved using only three random‐valued single byte fault injections. A similar approach using four fault injections can uniquely recover all three keys of AEZ v5. The feasibility of this fault injection methodology has been proven against AES in previous works.
Performance analysis of Israeli‐Jalfon's algorithm using probabilistic model checking
Authors: Guo Xu
Published: September 2018

Israeli‐Jalfon's self‐stabilization algorithm provides a solution to the problem of fault tolerance in distributed systems. To quantitatively evaluate the algorithm and discover the factors contributing to its performance, we used a probabilistic model checking technique to study the algorithm across different configurations. The mainstream probabilistic model checker PRISM assisted with our final assessment. We focus here on three aspects of the algorithm's performance: convergence, time complexity, and maximum execution time. Our experimental results show that time complexity is O (N^2) when N is less than 23, and we examine the factors contributing to this performance. These prove to be: the number of tokens, the number of processes, the probability of token transmission, and how tokens are spaced. Performance degrades as the number of tokens grows. For a certain number of processes, better performance can be obtained when the probability of token transmission is 0.5. Three tokens spaced evenly, meanwhile, yields the worst performance. The main contribution of this paper is its exhaustive quantitative performance analysis of Israeli‐Jalfon's algorithm and the presentation of accurate rather than approximate numerical results. Moreover, our assessment was undertaken in a reducible fashion, with stable states being set against a proper subset of the set of possible configurations rather than allowing two sets to coincide.
A novel method of symbolic representation in diving data mining: A case study of highways in China
Authors: Sun Chuan , Liu Wei , Chu Duanfeng , Li Wushuang , Lu Zhenji , Wang Jianyu
Published: September 2018

Vehicle field test can be conducted smoothly because of the automobile‐mounted monitoring system and abundant diving data have been collected. Driving data mining is in an urgent need of new thoughts introduced to break through the original technical bottleneck. This paper presented a novel method of symbolic representation in diving data mining and applied the idea of time series symbolization to traffic engineering. The sample data is processed by normalization, dimensionality reduction, discretization, and symbolization based on the three steps of symbolic aggregate approximation (SAX) with driving data characteristics taken into adequate consideration. The results showed that the high‐dimensionality miscellaneous driving time series data was rationally converted into highly readable, easy to search and locate symbolic series after semantic encoding, and the main characteristics of time series data was preserved after a substantial reduction of data dimensionality. Finally, the paper demonstrated the positive effects of this method on the analysis of actual vehicle driving safety based on case study, and it explored the application of SAX to speed and acceleration data from driving data set.
Building (Viral) Phylogenetic Trees Using a Maximum Likelihood Approach
Authors: King Kelly M. , Van Doorslaer Koenraad
Published: September 2018

Phylogenetic analyses allow for inferring a hypothesis about the evolutionary history of a set of homologous molecular sequences. This hypothesis can be used as the basis for further molecular and computational studies. In this unit, we offer one specific method to construct a Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree. We outline how to identify homologous sequences and construct a multiple sequence alignment. Following alignment, sequences are screened for potentially confounding factors such as recombination and genetic saturation. Finally, a Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic tree can be constructed implementing a rigorously tested model of evolution. The workflow outlined in this unit provides sufficient background for inferring a robust phylogenetic tree starting from a particular gene of interest. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Optimization of Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Hunter Molly , Yuan Ping , Vavilala Divya , Fox Mark
Published: September 2018

Recombinant proteins, such as monoclonal antibodies, are produced in mammalian cell lines to introduce proper protein folding and post‐translational modifications, which are essential for full biological activity. In both the industrial and academic environments, the use of recombinant proteins varies widely and, with it, the method of production. The amount of an antibody needed for a toxicity study is far greater than that needed by a research lab performing cellular assays, and the amount of effort put into the development of the protein will vary accordingly. There is no universal strategy for mammalian expression systems, and scientists often struggle to develop a suitable process from the myriad of choices at each step. Here, we elaborate on the various obstacles encountered when planning high‐yield experiments to produce the recombinant proteins of interest. © 2018 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.