bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Icariside II suppresses the tumorigenesis and development of ovarian cancer by regulating miR‐144‐3p/IGF2R axis
Authors: Yuan Donglan , Guo Ting , Qian Hua , Ge Hongshan , Zhao Yinling , Huang Aihua , Wang Xiaosu , Cao Xiuhong , Zhu DanDan , He CuiQin , Yu Hong
Published: July 2022

Ovarian cancer is one of the three major gynecological malignancies. It has been reported that Icariside II was able to block the occurrence and development of ovarian cancer. However, the detailed mechanism by which Icariside II regulates the development of ovarian cancer is widely unknown. EdU staining and transwell assays were applied to detect the proliferation, migration, and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Next, the relationship between miR‐144‐3p and IGF2R was verified by the dual‐luciferase reporter assay. Moreover, in vivo animal model was constructed to verify the effect of Icariside II on the development of ovarian cancer. Icariside II notably inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion and induced the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells. Additionally, Icariside II markedly increased the level of miR‐144‐3p in ovarian cancer cells. Moreover, IGF2R was targeted by miR‐144‐3p directly. Icariside II significantly decreased the expression of IGF2R and the phosphorylation level of AKT and mTOR in ovarian cancer cells, which were partially reversed by miR‐144‐3p inhibitor. Meanwhile, Icariside II remarkably promoted the autophagy of ovarian cancer cells, as confirmed by the increased expression of Beclin‐1 and ATG‐5 and decreased expression of p62; however, co‐treatment with miR‐144‐3p inhibitor notably decreased autophagy. Furthermore, the result of animal study suggested Icariside II notably inhibited ovarian tumor growth as well. Collectively, Icariside II could suppress the tumorigenesis and development of ovarian cancer by promoting autophagy via miR‐144‐3p/IGF2R axis. These results may be beneficial for future studies on the use of Icariside II to treat ovarian cancer.
Effect of tramadol on apoptosis and synaptogenesis in hippocampal neurons: The possible role of µ‐opioid receptor
Authors: Hosseindoost Saereh , Akbarabadi Ardeshir , Sadat‐Shirazi Mitra‐Sadat , Mousavi Seyed Mojtaba , Khalifeh Solmaz , Mokri Azarakhsh , Hadjighassem Mahmoudreza , Zarrindast Mohammad‐Reza
Published: July 2022

Tramadol is a synthetic opioid with centrally acting analgesic activity that alleviates moderate to severe pain and treats withdrawal symptoms of the other opioids. Like other opioid drugs, tramadol abuse has adverse effects on central nervous system components. Chronic administration of tramadol induces maladaptive plasticity in brain structures responsible for cognitive function, such as the hippocampus. However, the mechanisms by which tramadol induces these alternations are not entirely understood. Here, we examine the effect of tramadol on apoptosis and synaptogenesis of hippocampal neuronal in vitro. First, the primary culture of hippocampal neurons from neonatal rats was established, and the purity of the neuronal cells was verified by immunofluorescent staining. To evaluate the effect of tramadol on neuronal cell viability MTT assay was carried out. The western blot analysis technique was performed for the assessment of apoptosis and synaptogenesis markers. Results show that chronic exposure to tramadol reduces cell viability of neuronal cells and naloxone reverses this effect. Also, the level of caspase‐3 significantly increased in tramadol‐exposed hippocampal neurons. Moreover, tramadol downregulates protein levels of synaptophysin and stathmin as synaptogenesis markers. Interestingly, the effects of tramadol were abrogated by naloxone treatment. These findings suggest that tramadol can induce neurotoxicity in hippocampal neuronal cells, and this effect was partly mediated through opioid receptors.
Colonic gallstone ileus treated by a transanal ileus tube followed by spontaneous gallstone dislodgement: A case report
Authors: Takagi Tadataka , Kinoshita Shoichi , Kawaguchi Chihiro , Kojima Kuniyuki , Ueno Hirotsugu , Nishimura Naoki , Shimozato Naotaka , Shirai Yasuyo , Noguchi Ryuichi , Ohyama Takao
Published: July 2022

A 71‐year‐old obese woman was referred to our hospital with lower left abdominal pain. Computed tomography showed a 46 mm elliptic calcification lodged in the sigmoid‐descending colon junction (SDJ), which had been detected 5 years prior but was not within the gall bladder at presentation. Therefore, we diagnosed colonic gallstone ileus with obstructive colitis caused by a gallstone. Colonoscopy revealed a smooth gallstone impacted at the sigmoid‐descending colon junction, which was not fixed and could be pushed proximally with the endoscope. Dislodgement of the stone was unsuccessful with both a large polypectomy snare and a retrieval basket. Considering the high risk of surgery, we chose a non‐surgical treatment strategy for obstructive colitis. Accordingly, a transanal ileus tube was placed to drain the proximal portion of the gallstone. The drainage of the colon by the ileus tube was satisfactory; the proximal colon was decompressed, ameliorating the obstructive colitis. Five days after tube placement, a colonoscopy revealed spontaneous passage of the gallstone into the rectum where it was finally removed. Cholecystocolonic fistula formation was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging. We decided to surgically close the cholecystocolonic fistula to prevent future retrograde biliary infections. The surgery used a surgical stapler and was successful, with an uneventful postoperative course. Since radical surgical treatment of colonic gallstones and cholecystoenteric fistulas has a risk of postoperative morbidity and mortality, this case illustrates the importance of thoroughly considering nonsurgical interventions and surgeries for the safe treatment of colonic gallstone ileus.
Gene expression analysis of the Xenopus laevis early limb bud proximodistal axis
Authors: Hudson Daniel T. , Bromell Jessica S. , Day Robert C. , McInnes Tyler , Ward Joanna M. , Beck Caroline W.
Published: July 2022

Background

Limb buds develop as bilateral outgrowths of the lateral plate mesoderm and are patterned along three axes. Current models of proximal to distal patterning of early amniote limb buds suggest that two signals, a distal organizing signal from the apical epithelial ridge (AER, Fgfs) and an opposing proximal (retinoic acid [RA]) act early on pattern this axis.

Results

Transcriptional analysis of stage 51 Xenopus laevis hindlimb buds sectioned along the proximal‐distal axis showed that the distal region is distinct from the rest of the limb. Expression of capn8.3, a novel calpain, was located in cells immediately flanking the AER. The Wnt antagonist Dkk1 was AER‐specific in Xenopus limbs. Two transcription factors, sall1 and zic5, were expressed in distal mesenchyme. Zic5 has no described association with limb development. We also describe expression of two proximal genes, gata5 and tnn, not previously associated with limb development. Differentially expressed genes were associated with Fgf, Wnt, and RA signaling as well as differential cell adhesion and proliferation.

Conclusions

We identify new candidate genes for early proximodistal limb patterning. Our analysis of RA‐regulated genes supports a role for transient RA gradients in early limb bud in proximal‐to‐distal patterning in this anamniote model organism.
Tipping the balance: The role of seed density, abiotic filters, and priority effects in seed‐based wetland restoration
Authors: Tarsa Emily E. , Holdaway Bailey M. , Kettenring Karin M.
Published: July 2022

Sowing native seeds is a common approach to reintroduce native plants to degraded systems. However, this method is often overlooked in wetland restoration despite the immense global loss of diverse native wetland vegetation. Developing guiding principles for seed‐based wetland restoration is critical to maximize native plant recovery, particularly in previously invaded wetlands. Doing so requires a comprehensive understanding of how restoration manipulations, and their interactions, influence wetland plant community assembly. With a focus on the invader Phragmites australis, we established a series of mesocosm experiments to assess how native sowing density, invader propagule pressure, abiotic filters (water and nutrients), and native sowing timing (i.e., priority effects) interact to influence plant community cover and biomass in wetland habitats. Increasing the density of native seeds yielded higher native cover and biomass, but P. australis suppression with increasing sowing densities was minimal. Rather, community outcomes were largely driven by invader propagule pressure: P. australis densities of ≤500 seeds/m2 maintained high native cover and biomass. Low‐water conditions increased the susceptibility of P. australis to dominance by native competitors. Early sowing of native seeds showed a large and significant benefit to native cover and biomass, regardless of native sowing density, suggesting that priority effects can be an effective restoration manipulation to enhance native plant establishment. Given the urgent wetland restoration need combined with the limited studies on seed‐based wetland restoration, these findings provide guidance on restoration manipulations that are grounded in ecological theory to improve seed‐based wetland restoration outcomes.
Comparative assessment of satellite‐ and drone‐based vegetation indices to predict arthropod biomass in shrub‐steppes
Authors: Traba J. , Gómez‐Catasús J. , Barrero A. , Bustillo‐de la Rosa D. , Zurdo J. , Hervás I. , Pérez‐Granados C. , García de la Morena E. L. , Santamaría A. , Reverter M.
Published: July 2022

Arthropod biomass is a key element in ecosystem functionality and a basic food item for many species. It must be estimated through traditional costly field sampling, normally at just a few sampling points. Arthropod biomass and plant productivity should be narrowly related because a large majority of arthropods are herbivorous, and others depend on these. Quantifying plant productivity with satellite or aerial vehicle imagery is an easy and fast procedure already tested and implemented in agriculture and field ecology. However, the capability of satellite or aerial vehicle imagery for quantifying arthropod biomass and its relationship with plant productivity has been scarcely addressed. Here, we used unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellite Sentinel‐2 (S2) imagery to establish a relationship between plant productivity and arthropod biomass estimated through ground‐truth field sampling in shrub steppes. We UAV‐sampled seven plots of 47.6–72.3 ha at a 4‐cm pixel resolution, subsequently downscaling spatial resolution to 50 cm resolution. In parallel, we used S2 imagery from the same and other dates and locations at 10‐m spatial resolution. We related several vegetation indices (VIs) with arthropod biomass (epigeous, coprophagous, and four functional consumer groups: predatory, detritivore, phytophagous, and diverse) estimated at 41–48 sampling stations for UAV flying plots and in 67–79 sampling stations for S2. VIs derived from UAV were consistently and positively related to all arthropod biomass groups. Three out of seven and six out of seven S2‐derived VIs were positively related to epigeous and coprophagous arthropod biomass, respectively. The blue normalized difference VI (BNDVI) and enhanced normalized difference VI (ENDVI) showed consistent and positive relationships with arthropod biomass, regardless of the arthropod group or spatial resolution. Our results showed that UAV and S2‐VI imagery data may be viable and cost‐efficient alternatives for quantifying arthropod biomass at large scales in shrub steppes. The relationship between VI and arthropod biomass is probably habitat‐dependent, so future research should address this relationship and include several habitats to validate VIs as proxies of arthropod biomass.
Identifying eating disorders in adolescents and adults with overweight or obesity: A systematic review of screening questionnaires
Authors: House Eve T. , Lister Natalie B. , Seidler Anna L. , Li Haozhen , Ong Wee Yee , McMaster Caitlin M. , Paxton Susan J. , Jebeile Hiba
Published: July 2022

Objective

This review aimed to examine the validity of self‐report screening questionnaires for identifying eating disorder (ED) risk in adults and adolescents with overweight/obesity.

Method

Five databases were searched from inception to September 2020 for studies assessing validation of self‐report ED screening questionnaires against diagnostic interviews in adolescents and adults with overweight/obesity. The review was registered with PROSPERO (https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=220013).

Results

Twenty‐seven papers examining 15 questionnaires were included. Most studies validated questionnaires for adults (22 of 27 studies), and most questionnaires (12 of 15) screened for binge eating or binge‐eating disorder (BED). The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (sensitivity = .16–.88, specificity = .62–1.0) and Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns (sensitivity = .07–1.0, specificity = .0–1.0) were most frequently validated (six studies each). Five studies of three questionnaires were in adolescents, with the Adolescent Binge‐Eating Disorder Questionnaire having highest sensitivity (1.0) but lower specificity (.27). Questionnaires designed to screen for BED generally had higher diagnostic accuracy than those screening for EDs in general.

Discussion

Questionnaires have been well validated to identify BED in adults with overweight/obesity. Validated screening tools to identify other EDs in adults and any ED in adolescents with overweight/obesity are lacking. Thus, clinical assessment should inform the identification of patients with co‐morbid EDs and overweight/obesity.

Public Significance

Individuals with overweight/obesity are at increased risk of EDs. This review highlights literature gaps regarding screening for ED risk in this vulnerable group. This work presents possibilities for improving care of individuals with overweight/obesity by reinventing ED screening tools to be better suited to diverse populations.
Associations between parental socioeconomic‐, family‐, and sibling status and risk of eating disorders in offspring in a Danish national female cohort
Authors: Koch Susanne Vinkel , Larsen Janne Tidselbak , Plessen Kerstin J. , Thornton Laura M. , Bulik Cynthia M. , Petersen Liselotte Vogdrup
Published: July 2022

Objective

Studies on parental socioeconomic status (SES) and family risk factors for eating disorders (EDs) have yielded inconsistent results; however, several studies have identified high parental educational attainment as a risk factor. The aim was to evaluate associations of parental SES and family composition with anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and eating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS) in the offspring, adjusting for parental age and parental mental health.

Methods

The cohort included women born in Denmark between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 2010, derived from Danish national registers. Each person was followed from their sixth birthday until onset of the disorder of interest or to December 31, 2016. Exposure variables were: childhood SES, defined as individually evaluated parental level of income, occupation, and education; sibling status; and family composition. Outcomes were: AN, BN, EDNOS, and major depressive disorder (MDD), included as a psychiatric comparison disorder. Risks were estimated using Cox proportional hazards.

Results

High parental SES was associated with increased risk of especially AN, and less so BN and EDNOS, in offspring. In comparison, low SES was associated with a higher risk of MDD. No differences between maternal or paternal socioeconomic risk factors were found. Family composition and sibling status showed limited influence on ED risk.

Discussion

SES shows opposite associations with AN than MDD, whereas associations with BN and EDNOS are intermediate. The socioeconomic backdrop of AN differs markedly from that reported in other psychiatric disorders. Whether that is due to genetic and/or environmental factors remains unknown.

Public Significance statement

Parental socioeconomic background (SES) may influence eating disorders risk in offspring somewhat differently than other psychiatric disorders. In Denmark, higher parental SES was associated with increased risk of, particularly, anorexia nervosa (AN). Importantly AN does strike across the SES spectrum. We must ensure that individuals of all backgrounds have equal access to care and are equally likely to be detected and treated appropriately for eating disorders.
Myocardial infarction with non‐obstructive disease and anomalous coronary origin: look for the common in the uncommon
Authors: Disabato Gindomenico , Camporeale Antonia , Lo Rito Mauro , Tondi Lara , Zuniga Olaya Karina Geraldina , Frigiola Alessandro , Agnifili Mauro Luca , Bedogni Francesco , Lombardi Massimo , Pica Silvia
Published: July 2022

Management of congenital coronary artery anomalies (CAA) is not standardized due to the variety of conditions included and their rare prevalence. Detection of CAA during myocardial infarction with non‐obstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) may induce clinicians to address the patient for surgery as CAA is not included in any algorithm1,2 for the management of MINOCA and American Association for Thoracic Surgery evidence‐based guidelines suggest surgical repair for patients with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery and symptoms compatible with myocardial ischaemia.3 We present the case of a 35‐year‐old man with an anomalous origin of left coronary artery from right Valsalva sinus with pre‐pulmonic course detected during urgent coronary angiography for suspected myocardial infarction. Stress cardiac magnetic resonance did not show signs of ischaemia at high‐dose dobutamine but did reveal a recent myocarditis. This clinical case highlights the need for accurate risk stratification in CAA especially when confounding clinical scenarios co‐exist.
Metal‐Free Direct Transformation of Aryl Boronic Acid to Primary Amines
Authors: Kumar Puneet , Verma Saumya , Rathi Komal , Chandra Dinesh , Prakash Verma Ved , Jat Jawahar L.
Published: July 2022

In this work, we report a transition‐metal free approach for the construction of primary aromatic amines from aryl boronic acids and esters with N‐Boc‐O‐tosylhydroxylamine as an amine surrogate. Bench stable TsONHBoc is easy to use and it produces a non‐interfering water‐soluble by‐product. The protocol is operative for both electron‐rich and electron‐deficient aryl boronic acids under acidic conditions, where the former arenes affords a better yield of the desired product. Even, sterically hindered and halogenated substrates are easily amenable under this reaction condition. The current protocol can be scaled up to produce gram‐scale primary aromatic amines.
Direct One‐Pot Construction of Diaryl Thioethers and 1,3‐Diynes through a Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Reaction of λ3‐Iodanes with Thiophenols
Authors: Li Jun , Zhou Chuang , Liang Hong , Guo Xiao‐Qiang , Chen Lian‐Mei , Kang Tai‐Ran
Published: July 2022

Herein, an efficient method for both aryl C(sp2)−S and C(sp)−C(sp) bond formation to construct both diaryl thioethers and 1,3‐diynes in excellent yield from spirocyclic λ3‐iodanes and benzenethiols under copper(I) catalysed conditions, has been developed. We proposed that a Ullmann reaction of benzenethiols with aryl iodonium intermediates form the diaryl thioethers, and a homocoupling of alkyne radical provided the 1,3‐diynes. This reaction takes fully advantage of the “waste” part of substrates.
Prediction of pain responses to subsequent cold pressor test via baseline heart rate variability in healthy adults
Authors: Umeda Masataka , Okifuji Akiko
Published: July 2022

Background

Baseline heart rate variability (HRV) that reflects parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) activity may serve as an objective, physiological index of pain assessment, but more research is warranted to examine the link between HRV and laboratory pain responses. This study examined whether baseline HRV would predict pain responses to subsequent cold pressor test (CPT) in healthy adults.

Methods

One hundred twenty‐three participants completed resting HRV assessment and CPT consisting of immersing their right hand into a cold‐water bath for a maximum of 2 min. Pain threshold and pain rating were assessed during CPT. Completion status of CPT, defined as completing CPT or terminating CPT before 2 min, was recorded as an additional laboratory pain measure. Pearson's correlation analysis was performed to examine the link between HRV and pain responses, whereas regression analysis was performed to test the prediction of pain responses via baseline HRV.

Results

HF‐HRVlog, which reflects PNS activity, was significantly associated with the CPT completion status (r = 0.23, p = 0.01), but not significantly associated with pain threshold (r = 0.17, p = 0.06) or pain rating (r = −0.11, p = 0.24). HF‐ HRVlog was found to be a significant predictor of CPT completion status (B = 0.53, p = 0.013).

Conclusions

Baseline HF‐ HRVlog may serve as an objective, physiological index to predict laboratory pain responses, and the completion status of laboratory pain tests, such as CPT, may be used as a laboratory pain measure to capture important individual differences in pain processing.

Significance

A better understanding of how psychophysiology relates to human pain is important. We examined the association of baseline heart rate variability (HRV) with pain response to subsequently‐administered cold pressor test (CPT) in healthy adults. We found that HF‐HRVlog, which reflects parasympathetic nervous system activity, predicted the completion status (completion or termination) of CPT. Baseline HF‐HRVlog may serve as an objective, physiological index of pain and the completion status of CPT may help assess the important individual differences in pain processing.
Altered excitatory and inhibitory neocortical circuitry leads to increased convulsive severity after pentylenetetrazol injection in an animal model of schizencephaly, but not of microgyria
Authors: dos Santos Heringer Luiza , Rios Carvalho Julia , Teixeira Oliveira Julia , Texeira Silva Bruna , de Souza Aguiar dos Santos Domethila Mariano , Martinez Martinez Toledo Anna Lecticia , Borges Savoldi Laura Maria , Magalhães Portela Debora , Adriani Marques Suelen , Campello Costa Lopes Paula , Blanco Martinez Ana Maria , Rocha Mendonça Henrique
Published: July 2022

Objective

Malformations of the polymicrogyria spectrum can be mimicked in rodents through neonatal transcranial focal cortical freeze lesions. The animals presenting the malformations present both altered synaptic events and epileptiform activity in the vicinity of the microgyrus, but the comprehension of their contribution to increased predisposition or severity of seizures require further studies.

Methods

In order to investigate these issues, we induced both microgyria and schizencephaly in 57 mice and evaluated: their convulsive susceptibility and severity after pentyleneterazol (PTZ) treatment, the quantification of their symmetric and asymmetric synapses, the morphology of their dendritic arbors, and the content of modulators of synaptogenesis, such as SPARC, gephyrin and GAP‐43 within the adjacent visual cortex.

Results

Our results have shown that only schizencephalic animals present increased convulsive severity. Nevertheless, both microgyric and schizencephalic cortices present increased synapse number and dendritic complexity of layer IV and layer V‐located neurons. Specifically, the microgyric cortex presented reduced inhibitory synapses, while the schizencephalic cortex presented increased excitatory synapses. This altered synapse number is correlated with decreased content of both the anti‐synaptogenic factor SPARC and the inhibitory postsynaptic organizer gephyrin in both malformed groups. Besides, GAP‐43 content and dendritic spines number are enhanced exclusively in schizencephalic cortices.

Significance

In conclusion, our study supports the hypothesis that the sum of synaptic alterations drives to convulsive aggravation in animals with schizencephaly, but not microgyria after PTZ treatment. These findings reveal that different malformations of cortical development should trigger epilepsy via different mechanisms, requiring further studies for development of specific therapeutic interventions.
Case series of family‐based treatment for restrictive‐type eating disorders and comorbid autism: What can we learn? A brief report
Authors: Bentz Mette , Pedersen Signe Holm , Moslet Ulla
Published: July 2022

Objective

Autism is more prevalent among persons with Restrictive type eating disorders (R‐ED) compared to the general population and is associated with poorer outcomes across treatment modalities. Knowledge is sparse with regard to whether poorer outcomes are also associated with Family‐based treatment (FBT), which is recommended as the first choice of treatment for young persons (YPs) with R‐ED.

This case series compares outcome between groups with and without autism in a large consecutive series of YPs with R‐ED treated with FBT.

Method

In an earlier described consecutive series of 157 YPs with R‐ED treated with FBT, we compared the outcomes of the subgroup with (N = 16) and without (N = 141) comorbid autism. Primary ICD‐10 diagnoses were typical (50.0) or atypical anorexia nervosa (AN) (F50.1), the latter implying a condition as typical AN but with a failure to meet one of the diagnostic criteria. Autism diagnoses were clinically assigned. The outcomes were receiving intensified care, weight normalisation and overall successful treatment.

Results

10.2% (N = 16) of the sample had autism. 2.5% (N = 4) had autism diagnosed prior to the Eating Disorder (ED), and an additional 7.7% (N = 12) were diagnosed with autism during ED treatment. Significantly more YPs with autism (50%, N = 8) compared with YPs without autism (16%, N = 23) received intensified care (day programme or inpatient treatment) during their treatment. No significant difference between groups regarding neither weight normalisation nor successful ending of the treatment were found.

Conclusion

This small sample of YPs with autism suggests that comparable proportions of YPs with and without autism may restore normal weight and end the treatment successfully within 12 months. However, more YPs with comorbid autism needed more intensive treatment, indicating that outpatient treatment delivery may not be sufficient to bring about desired change in this patient group. Findings need confirmation in a larger sample with a systematic screening for autism.
Ontology‐based data access control model supported with grid computing for improving security in healthcare data
Authors: Kiran G. M. , Nalini N.
Published: July 2022

Ontology is broadly applied in various fields for creating trust‐based data access control models. In the case of the medical field, utilizing ontology is highly recommended for securing the medical report and patient information. Here, ontology is integrated with the grid computing system for achieving better authentication and security in the healthcare system. Various ontology based data access control models are designed by different authors for achieving enhanced user authorization and security. Security is still found to be a major issue in the existing techniques. To overcome this issue, the proposed work developed a medical ontology with three tier secure access control. The proposed method is processed in three layers. In the first layer, job scheduling for user is achieved. Job scheduling is carried out by scheduler using a deadline priority based scheduling algorithm. Users are scheduled with a different job based on their priority level such as low, medium, and high. In the second layer, role based policy is developed for finding and eliminating the accessing of unauthorized users. The third layer is used for securing medical database. Medical database is secured from various through encrypting the data using XOR cryptography algorithm. The proposed architecture is validated using some of the metrics such as turnaround time, tardiness, actual time delay, and throughput. The turnaround time, tardiness, and actual‐time delay attains for the proposed architecture are 64.60, 4.90, and 1.52 seconds, respectively. Then, the throughput value reaches for 25 bits length of encryption is 0.88 Mbps. The simulation analysis reveals that the proposed architecture reduces the waiting time of users and improves medical data security.
Development of a flow‐cell coupled to dynamic SPME technique for automated measurement of fragrance emission from fabric
Authors: Zou Jian , Zhang Shiling , Duan Shuyu , Winniford Bill
Published: July 2022

A novel automated flow‐cell coupled dynamic solid‐phase microextraction (SPME) method was developed to study the emission of volatile fragrance compounds from fabric samples in a microchamber. Calibration curves were developed with the liquid‐inner tube diffusion‐film‐emission (LIFE) vial technique to quantify the gas‐phase concentration of nine significant volatile fragrance compounds. The linearity range for the various volatile fragrance compounds ranged from 0.001 to 37.9 mg/m3. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) for each fragrance compound was determined as ~3.6–12.1 μg/m3. Using this method, we obtained comprehensive emission curves of target volatiles to quantify the volatile emission profiles of fabric samples. Compared with traditional chamber test method procedures, this work provides a novel and automated method to allow the online monitoring of the emission of various volatiles from multiple samples in one experiment. The repeatability and sensitivity of the method are comparable to or better than existing offline techniques.
QSAR analysis of the partitioning of terpenes and terpenoids into human milk
Authors: Agatonovic‐Kustrin Snezana , Gegechkori Vladimir I. , Morton David W.
Published: July 2022

Studies have shown that olfactory experience during breastfeeding plays an important role in the later development of certain food preferences in life. Thus, the aim of this study was to predict partitioning of odorous terpenes and terpenoids into breast milk from a predictive QSAR model for drug transfer. A large heterogenous data set based on drugs and their active metabolites that were used to build a QSAR was collected from the literature. Due to the vast structural diversity of these compounds and possibly different mechanisms involved in M/P partitioning, a non‐linear artificial neural network (ANN) model was used to develop a predictive QSAR model. The value of the correlation coefficient of predicted versus experimentally measured M/P values for the final model (14‐2‐1) was high (R = .82). The descriptors selected in the final model (14‐2‐1) belong to 3 main categories: (a) solubility/permeability descriptors (dipole moment, polar surface area, aromatic ring count and hydroxyl group count), (b) reactivity descriptors (i.e. HOMO energy) and (c) shape descriptors (different ring size counts, counts of methyl groups and molecular depth). Results of this study predict that many volatile terpenes from the essential oils are transferred into breast milk selectively. The highest M/P values (>3.5) were predicted for β‐caryophyllene, aromadendrene, alloaromadendrene, and 1,4‐ and 1,8‐cineole, high values for carvacrol (M/P = 3.2), eugenol (M/P = 3.0) and thymol (M/P = 3.6), and moderate values for α‐pinene (M/P = 2.3) and low values (M/P = 0.4) for phellandrene and limonene. Our model helps to explain and expand on the current knowledge of volatile compounds in breast milk by predicting that a variety of volatile terpenoids can be found in breast milk.
Influence of biotic and abiotic elicitors on artemisinin, quercetin, caffeic acid and essential oil production in Artemisia dracunculus L.
Authors: Coskun Yasemin , Taslidere Feride
Published: July 2022

Artemisia dracunculus L. (tarragon) is valuable for its medicinal uses such as antimalarial, antibacterial and anticancer. Biotechnological methods need to be developed for the production of phytochemical compounds in plants with high and stable quality. Elicitation is one of the best tools for increasing secondary metabolites in various in vitro cultures. The current study determines the application of different concentrations of chitosan (25, 50, 100 and 150 mg/L) and UV‐C (5/10, 5/15, 10/10 and 10/15 min/cm) as biotic and abiotic elicitors in tarragon leaf callus cultures. The main aim was to increase the accumulation of artemisinin, quercetin, caffeic acid and essential oil content. For this purpose, callus formation rates and morphological features were also investigated. The results show that highest callus formation, weight and diameter were observed in UV‐C treated cultures. HPLC analyses revealed significant high accumulation of artemisinin (1.9 μg/g), quercetin (4.2 μg/g) and caffeic acid (2.9 μg/g) contents in 5/10 min/cm UV‐C treated samples. GC–MS analyses of callus cultures indicate high production of total amount of monoterpenes in all chitosan applications, best in 25 mg/L (90.75%). The major compound was β‐phellandrene in chemical composition of tarragon (19.61%) and increased the most in 10/15 min/cm UV‐C application (43.39%). The results show that the physical elicitor UV‐C can be effectively used in tarragon callus culture for enhancing pharmacologically active compounds in industrial production.
Repurposing the cardiac glycoside digoxin to stimulate myelin regeneration in chemically‐induced and immune‐mediated mouse models of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Titus Haley E. , Xu Huan , Robinson Andrew P. , Patel Priyam A. , Chen Yanan , Fantini Damiano , Eaton Valerie , Karl Molly , Garrison Eric D. , Rose Indigo V. L. , Chiang Ming Yi , Podojil Joseph R. , Balabanov Roumen , Liddelow Shane A. , Miller Robert H. , Popko Brian , Miller Stephen D.
Published: July 2022

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system (CNS) autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation, demyelination, and neurodegeneration. The ideal MS therapy would both specifically inhibit the underlying autoimmune response and promote repair/regeneration of myelin as well as maintenance of axonal integrity. Currently approved MS therapies consist of non‐specific immunosuppressive molecules/antibodies which block activation or CNS homing of autoreactive T cells, but there are no approved therapies for stimulation of remyelination nor maintenance of axonal integrity. In an effort to repurpose an FDA‐approved medication for myelin repair, we chose to examine the effectiveness of digoxin, a cardiac glycoside (Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitor), originally identified as pro‐myelinating in an in vitro screen. We found that digoxin regulated multiple genes in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) essential for oligodendrocyte (OL) differentiation in vitro, promoted OL differentiation both in vitro and in vivo in female naïve C57BL/6J (B6) mice, and stimulated recovery of myelinated axons in B6 mice following demyelination in the corpus callosum induced by cuprizone and spinal cord demyelination induced by lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), respectively. More relevant to treatment of MS, we show that digoxin treatment of mice with established MOG35‐55‐induced Th1/Th17‐mediated chronic EAE combined with tolerance induced by the i.v. infusion of biodegradable poly(lactide‐co‐glycolide) nanoparticles coupled with MOG35‐55 (PLG‐MOG35‐55) completely ameliorated clinical disease symptoms and stimulated recovery of OL lineage cell numbers. These findings provide critical pre‐clinical evidence supporting future clinical trials of myelin‐specific tolerance with myelin repair/regeneration drugs, such as digoxin, in MS patients.
Neural dissociation of visual attention span and phonological deficits in developmental dyslexia: A hub‐based white matter network analysis
Authors: Liu Tianqiang , Thiebaut de Schotten Michel , Altarelli Irene , Ramus Franck , Zhao Jingjing
Published: July 2022

It has been suggested that developmental dyslexia may have two dissociable causes—a phonological deficit and a visual attention span (VAS) deficit. Yet, neural evidence for such a dissociation is still lacking. This study adopted a data‐driven approach to white matter network analysis to explore hubs and hub‐related networks corresponding to VAS and phonological accuracy in a group of French dyslexic children aged from 9 to 14 years. A double dissociation in brain‐behavior relations was observed. Structural connectivity of the occipital‐parietal network surrounding the left superior occipital gyrus hub accounted for individual differences in dyslexic children's VAS, but not in phonological processing accuracy. In contrast, structural connectivity of two networks: the temporal–parietal‐occipital network surrounding the left middle temporal gyrus hub and the frontal network surrounding the left medial orbital superior frontal gyrus hub, accounted for individual differences in dyslexic children's phonological processing accuracy, but not in VAS. Our findings provide evidence in favor of distinct neural circuits corresponding to VAS and phonological deficits in developmental dyslexia. The study points to connectivity‐constrained white matter subnetwork dysfunction as a key principle for understanding individual differences of cognitive deficits in developmental dyslexia.
Driving brain state transitions in major depressive disorder through external stimulation
Authors: Wang Shengpei , Wen Hongwei , Qiu Shuang , Xie Peng , Qiu Jiang , He Huiguang
Published: July 2022

Major depressive disorder (MDD) as a dysfunction of neural circuits and brain networks has been established in modern neuroimaging sciences. However, the brain state transitions between MDD and health through external stimulation remain unclear, which limits translation to clinical contexts and demonstrable clinical utility. We propose a framework of the large‐scale whole‐brain network model for MDD linking the underlying anatomical connectivity with functional dynamics obtained from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Then, we further explored the optimal brain regions to promote the transition of brain states between MDD and health through external stimulation of the model. Based on the whole‐brain model successfully fitting the brain state space in MDD and the health, we demonstrated that the transition from MDD to health is achieved by the excitatory activation of the limbic system and from health to MDD by the inhibitory stimulation of the reward circuit. Our finding provides novel biophysical evidence for the neural mechanism of MDD and its recovery and allows the discovery of new stimulation targets for MDD recovery.
Deriving prognostic significance from a molecular subtype model of laryngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Yibo , Wang Jiahong , Huang Zhongxi , Gong Pinggui , Xie Minqiang
Published: July 2022

Background

This study explored whether laryngeal carcinoma could be divided into different subtypes based on molecular differences using a molecular subtype‐prediction model.

Methods

We extracted data from the Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases and then performed unsupervised cluster analysis to identify discrete molecular subtypes of laryngeal carcinoma. Significance analysis of microarrays was performed to detect differentially expressed genes for each subtype, and gene set enrichment analysis and the GenCliP3 software were used to label gene functions and identify key pathways.

Results

We categorized 126 patients into C1 and C2 molecular subtypes associated with pathologic grade. The C2 subtype appeared more aggressive, with a worse prognosis. The most significant enrichment pathway of the C2 subtype was the Hedgehog pathway, and GLI1 was a core gene.

Conclusions

Laryngeal carcinoma can be divided into two subtypes based on differences in molecular expression, which could identify key molecules associated with prognosis.
Machine learning models are superior to noninvasive tests in identifying clinically significant stages of NAFLD and NAFLD‐related cirrhosis
Authors: Chang Devon , Truong Emily , Mena Edward A. , Pacheco Fabiana , Wong Micaela , Guindi Maha , Todo Tsuyoshi T. , Noureddin Nabil , Ayoub Walid , Yang Ju Dong , Kim Irene K. , Kohli Anita , Alkhouri Naim , Harrison Stephen , Noureddin Mazen
Published: July 2022

Background and Aims:

We assessed the performance of machine learning (ML) models in identifying clinically significant NAFLD‐associated liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.

Approach and Results:

We implemented ML models including logistic regression (LR), random forest (RF), and artificial neural network to predict histological stages of fibrosis using 17 demographic/clinical features in 1370 patients with NAFLD who underwent liver biopsy, FibroScan, and labs within a 6‐month period at multiple U.S. centers. Histological stages of fibrosis (≥F2, ≥F3, and F4) were predicted using ML, FibroScan liver stiffness measurements, and Fibrosis‐4 index (FIB‐4). NASH with significant fibrosis (NAS ≥ 4 + ≥F2) was assessed using ML, FibroScan‐AST (FAST) score, FIB‐4, and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS). We used 80% of the cohort to train and 20% to test the ML models. For ≥F2, ≥F3, F4, and NASH + NAS ≥ 4 + ≥F2, all ML models, especially RF, had primarily higher accuracy and AUC compared with FibroScan, FIB‐4, FAST, and NFS. AUC for RF versus FibroScan and FIB‐4 for ≥F2, ≥F3, and F4 were (0.86 vs. 0.81, 0.78), (0.89 vs. 0.83, 0.82), and (0.89 vs. 0.86, 0.85), respectively. AUC for RF versus FAST, FIB‐4, and NFS for NASH + NAS ≥ 4 + ≥F2 were (0.80 vs. 0.77, 0.66, 0.63). For NASH + NAS ≥ 4 + ≥F2, all ML models had lower/similar percentages within the indeterminate zone compared with FIB‐4 and NFS. Overall, ML models performed better in sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value compared with traditional noninvasive tests.

Conclusions:

ML models performed better overall than FibroScan, FIB‐4, FAST, and NFS. ML could be an effective tool for identifying clinically significant liver fibrosis and cirrhosis in patients with NAFLD.
Scutellarin protects cortical neurons against neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy injury via upregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor
Authors: Zou Yu , Fang Chang‐Le , Wang Ya‐Ting , Li Hua , Guo Xi‐Liang
Published: July 2022

Neonatal hypoxic‐ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) causes devastating cerebral damage and neurological deficits that seldom have effective therapies. This study aimed to explore the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic efficacy of Scutellarin in NHIE. NHIE models were successfully established. Zea‐longa score and triphenyte‐trazoliumchloride (TTC) staining demonstrated that hypoxia and ischemia (HI) insult induced prominent neurological dysfunctions and brain infarction. Protein microarray was applied to detect the differentially expressed genes in the cortex, hippocampus, and lung tissues of HI rats, which revealed the downregulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in these tissues. Additionally, double immunostaining uncovered VEGF expression was localized in the neurons. Besides, VEGF was decreasingly expressed in oxygen‐glucose deprivation (OGD) neurons, which was intriguingly reversed by Scutellarin treatment. Moreover, VEGF silencing increased OGD‐induced neuronal apoptosis and attenuated neurite outgrowth, which was enhanced by Scutellarin administration. GeneMANIA predicted a close correlation of VEGF with caspase 3, caspase 7, and interleukin (IL)‐1β, and qRT‐PCR revealed that Scutellarin treatment depressed the expression levels of them elevated in OGD neurons, but the Scutellarin‐depressed levels of these factors were prominently increased after VEGF silencing. Our findings suggested that Scutellarin exerted neuroprotective effects in NHIE potentially through mediating VEGF‐targeted inactivation of caspase 3, caspase 7, and IL‐1β.
Critical Worldmaking Through Balladry: Youth Corrido Literacies as a Lived Civic Poetic
Authors: de los Ríos Cati , Portillo Yared , Cantero Bryan
Published: July 2022

The performing arts, specifically the Mexican balladry called corridos, can offer new vistas for what constitutes civic inclusion, poetics, and worldmaking for racially and linguistically minoritized youth. This paper provides a textual analysis of “El Llanto de El Paso,” a corrido (ballad) written by youth balladeer, Josué Rodríguez, that went viral shortly after the deadly mass shooting at a Walmart in El Paso, Texas, that targeted Mexican patrons. Implications for practice encourage the rethinking of literacy studies in ways that are attuned with bi/multilingual youth's folkloric and arts‐based civic participation, especially in moments of heightened rhetoric of White nationalism and xenophobia.
Improved oxidation stability and crosslink density of chemically crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene using the antioxidant synergy for artificial joints
Authors: Shah Nouman Ali , Lan Ri‐Tong , Dai Rui , Jiang Kai , Shen Hui‐Yuan , Hong Rui , Xu Jia‐Zhuang , Li Lingli , Li Zhong‐Ming
Published: July 2022

Vitamin E (VE) is currently an approved antioxidant to improve the oxidation stability of highly crosslinked ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) insert used commercially in total joint arthroplasty. However, the decrease in crosslink density caused by VE reduces wear resistance of UHMWPE, showing an uncoordinated challenge. In this work, we hypothesized that D‐sorbitol (DS) as a secondary antioxidant can improve the antioxidant efficacy of VE on chemically crosslinked UHMWPE. The combined effect of VE and DS on oxidation stability of UHMWPE was investigated at a set of controlled hybrid antioxidant content. The hybrid antioxidant strategy showed significantly synergistic enhancement on the oxidation stability of chemically crosslinked UHMWPE compared with the single VE strategy. More strikingly, the crosslink density of the blends with hybrid antioxidants stayed at a high level since DS is not sensitive to crosslinking. The relationships between oxidation stability, mechanical properties, crosslink density, and crystallinity were investigated, by which the clinically relevant overall performance of UHMWPE was optimized. This work provides a leading‐edge design mean for the development of joint bearings.
Role of IL‐10 and IL‐22 cytokines in patients with primary immune thrombocytopenia and their clinical significance
Authors: Liu Qifeng , Liu Yan
Published: July 2022

Background

Immune thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disease that leads to accelerated platelet clearance. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical role of cytokines in ITP patients and to correlate them with disease stages.

Materials and Methods

A total of 110 ITP patients were enrolled, including 55 with active ITP, 55 with remission ITP, and 55 with healthy controls. The enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay technique was used to examine IL‐10 and IL‐22 serum levels in all subjects. Real‐time quantitative PCR was used to assess the mRNA expression of IL‐10 and IL‐22 in PBMC. The clinical significance of both cytokines was assessed using ROC analysis.

Results

IL‐10 serum levels in active ITP patients were significantly lower than in control and remission ITP subjects (p < 0.05). IL‐22 serum levels were elevated in active ITP patients compared to the control and remission group (p < 0.05). mRNA expressions of IL‐10 and IL‐22 in active ITP patients were also having a significant difference from than control and remission ITP group (p < 0.05). ROC analysis showed that IL‐10 and IL‐22 can differentiate the ITP patients from controls. A positive correlation between serum IL‐10 and PBMC IL‐10 with statistical significance was observed. Similarly, the serum IL‐22 and PBMC IL‐22 were correlated positively with statistical significance.

Conclusion

IL‐10 and IL‐22 seem to predict the clinical course of ITP, as a significant imbalance of these cytokines was detected in active ITP patients.