bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Health‐Related Dysfunctional Beliefs and Health Anxiety: Further Evidence of Cognitive Specificity
Authors: Fergus Thomas A.
Published: June 2013

Objective

The specificity of Salkovskis and Warwick's (2001) 4 health‐related dysfunctional beliefs to health anxiety was examined.

Method

Specificity was examined using a medically healthy sample of community members recruited through the Internet (N = 410, mean age = 32.9 years, 55.4% female). Structural equation modeling was used to compare the equivalence of latent correlations and partial path coefficients that controlled for the overlap among the targeted dysfunctional beliefs.

Results

Health‐related dysfunctional beliefs were significantly more strongly related to health anxiety than obsessive‐compulsive symptoms. Further, health‐related dysfunctional beliefs continued to share robust relations with health anxiety after controlling for related dysfunctional beliefs, although anxiety sensitivity appeared particularly relevant to health anxiety as well.

Conclusions

These results support the specificity of Salkovskis and Warwick's health‐related dysfunctional beliefs to health anxiety, as well as the importance given to dysfunctional beliefs within cognitive‐behavioral models and treatments of health anxiety.
Magnetotelluric constraints on the fluid content in the upper mantle beneath the southern Canadian Cordillera: Implications for rheology
Authors: Rippe Dennis , Unsworth Martyn J. , Currie Claire A.
Published: June 2013

Long‐period magnetotelluric data were collected on two parallel profiles extending across the southern Canadian Cordillera and used to derive models of the electrical resistivity of the crust and mantle from the Cascadia subduction zone to the Alberta Basin. In the fore arc, the resistivity models indicate an east dipping conductor and conductive mantle wedge, caused by the release of aqueous fluids from the Juan de Fuca plate. Low resistivities are also found beneath the volcanic arc, associated with water released from the subducting slab and mantle melts. Low resistivities in the back‐arc upper mantle at depths less than 60 km suggest a shallow asthenosphere compared to the adjacent North American craton where the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary is at ~200 km. The resistivity of the back‐arc upper mantle was interpreted using geotherms, laboratory studies of mineral properties and melting points to determine the type and quantity of fluids present. The low resistivities in the back‐arc upper mantle require aqueous fluids, with water content increasing from 0.005 wt % at 50 km to 0.03 wt % at 150 km depth. In addition, melt fractions of up to 1.5% are required at depths less than ~135 km to explain the observed resistivities. The presence of these quantities of aqueous fluids and partial melt will lower the viscosity of the upper mantle, as required by geodynamic models that include vigorous convection in the back arc to explain the observed heat flow.
Numerical solution of delay integro‐differential equations by using Taylor collocation method
Authors: Bellour Azzeddine , Bousselsal Mahmoud
Published: June 2013

This paper is concerned with the numerical solution of delay integro‐differential equations. The main purpose of this work is to provide a new numerical approach based on the use of continuous collocation Taylor polynomials for the numerical solution of delay integro‐differential equations. It is shown that this method is convergent. Numerical illustrations confirm our theoretical analysis. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A hybrid equilibrium element for folded plate and shell structures
Authors: Maunder E. A. W. , Izzuddin B. A.
Published: June 2013

This paper extends hybrid equilibrium formulation concepts, previously used with success for planar problems, to the analysis of folded plates and curved shells. A 2D hybrid equilibrium flat shell quadrilateral element is formulated for linear analysis, where detailed consideration is given to the implication of slope discontinuity when the element is used for non‐planar domains. Benchmark plate bending, folded plate and curved shell problems are modelled using equilibrium and conforming elements for comparison. In models of the latter two problems, torsional moments may be released along lines of slope discontinuity, and the effects of this assumption for the folded plate are studied by analysing a third type of model composed of 3D solid brick elements. The comparisons demonstrate an excellent performance from the new hybrid equilibrium analysis method for folded plates and curved shells. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Direct strain tensor approximation for full‐field strain measurement methods
Authors: Iliopoulos Athanasios , Michopoulos John G.
Published: June 2013

Full‐field strain measurement techniques are based on computing the spatial derivatives of numerical or functional approximations of the underlying displacement fields extracted from digital imaging methods. These methods implicitly assume that the medium satisfies the strain compatibility conditions, which are only true in the case of a continuum body that remains continuum throughout its deformation history. In the present work, we introduce a method that can be used to calculate the strain components directly from typical digital imaging data, without the need of the continuum hypothesis and the need for displacement field differentiation. Thus, it enables the measurement of strain fields from imaged surfaces that may or may not contain discontinuities. Numerical comparisons are performed on the basis synthetic data produced from an analytical solution for an elastically orthotropic open‐hole domain in tension. For performance comparison purposes, the mean absolute error distributions are calculated for the cases of both the traditional meshless random grid method, and the direct strain method introduced herein. It is established that the more refined representation of strain provided by our present approach is more accurate everywhere in the domain, but most importantly, near its boundaries. Published 2013. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Microstructure and anti‐ wear and corrosion performances of novel UHMWPE/graphene‐nanosheet composite coatings deposited by flame spraying
Authors: Han Jing , Ding Siyue , Zheng Wenge , Li Wenya , Li Hua
Published: June 2013

Ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/graphene‐nanosheet (GN, multiple layers of graphene sheets with the thickness of ~5–10 nm) coatings have been deposited by flame spraying. The structure of UHMWPE remained almost intact after the spray processing and addition of GNs resulted in a slightly decreased crystallinity and improved thermal stability of UHMWPE. In addition, the coating containing 1.0 wt.% GNs exhibited a reduction of ~20% in wear rate and 25% in friction coefficient (0.18 versus 0.24). Significantly enhanced anti‐corrosion performances of the UHMWPE–GN coatings were suggested by increased corrosion potential, corrosion current density, and impedance modulus value of the UHMWPE–GN coatings. The very well retained GNs are located mainly at the interfaces between UHMWPE splats and act as bridges connecting the splats, which mainly accounts for the enhanced properties of the composite coatings. The novel UHMWPE–graphene composite coatings show great potential for protecting engineering components for applications against corrosion. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Morphology and structure of nylon‐6 crystallized in epoxy resin matrix
Authors: Vyas Aniket , Iroh Jude O.
Published: June 2013

Nylon‐6/epoxy resin composite with multiphase morphology has been successfully prepared via polymerization of caprolactam in N‐methylpyrrolidone using N‐acetyl caprolactam as the initiator. This was followed by reactive blending of appropriate amount of the plastic with epoxy resin. The structure of nylon‐6 prepared by solution polymerization is predominantly α [200, 020]α crystalline form with γ [002]γ crystalline form as the minor phase. Subsequently, nylon‐6/epoxy composite was prepared at 150°C in a Teflon mold. A remarkable heterogeneous morphology of the fractured surface of the film was observed, consisting of multilayered fiber‐like crystals encapsulated in the epoxy resin matrix. Close inspection of the morphology of the composite revealed a preference of nylon‐6 to crystallize in the crevices and cracks created in glassy epoxy matrix during processing. The crystals seem to nucleate spontaneously and grow radially into spherulites. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:858–866, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Manufacturing of biocompatible nonwoven structures by using spray atomization of dissolved polymers
Authors: Nadzeyka Ingo , Gabler Carolin , Erarslan Duygu , Safi Yara , Steinseifer Ulrich
Published: June 2013

The use of porous polymer materials for vascular prostheses demonstrates promising results. Fleece‐like nonwoven structures can be generated by atomization of dissolved polycarbonate urethanes. This article focuses on the manufacturing process for the fleece structures. The solution is atomized through a high volume low pressure nozzle. The solvent evaporates during time of flight to target, so that small fibers are formed from each drop of solution. By using different rotating molds and positioning systems, tubular shapes or open surfaces can be generated. The manufacturing process is described in detail. In a simple comparison with electrospinning, the process shows its superior throughput of material. Problems with the process and their possible solutions are shown. The influence of certain basic parameters on the generated nonwoven material is discussed. The manufactured structures are inspected for their mechanical properties and their permeability for water and blood. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:867–873, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers
Hybrid polymer/inorganic nanoparticle blended ternary solar cells
Authors: Yoon Seokhyun , Heo Seung Jin , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: June 2013

Hybrid polymer/inorganic nanoparticle blended ternary solar cells are reported. These solar cells have an active layer consisting of PbS colloidal quantum dots (CQDs), poly (3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), and [6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM). Power conversion efficiency (PCE) was improved by incorporating PbS CQDs in the active layer of P3HT:PCBM‐based organic solar cells. As the concentration of PbS CQDs in the hybrid solar cells was increased, PCE was also increased. This improvement resulted from improved charge transfer and also extended light absorption into the near‐infrared. The PCE of the hybrid solar cells was 47% higher than that for reference organic solar cells on average under air mass 1.5 global illumination. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Long‐lived Rossby wave trains as precursors to strong winter cyclones over Europe
Authors: Wirth V. , Eichhorn J.
Published: June 2013

The statistical connection between strong surface cyclones over Europe and long‐lived upper‐tropospheric Rossby wave trains is examined for the Northern Hemisphere winter season using 45 years of reanalysis data. Dates are selected for which the surface pressure anomaly over Central Europe is below a threshold yielding the 5% of lowest values. Composites of upper tropospheric meridional wind for these dates (including a lead or lag in time) display clear signs of a wave train. The composite wave train lives for over two weeks and propagates eastward over more than 360° longitude. The phase speed of individual lows and highs, by contrast, is close to zero and the same is true for the composite surface low. There is a pronounced northward shift of the wave train as it propagates over the North American East coast. Although this composite wave train is statistically highly significant, there is large scatter about the mean. An index is defined that quantifies the similarity of the upper‐tropospheric meridional wind pattern for an arbitrary date with the composite wave train for a certain lead or lag. Given large positive values of the index, there is an enhanced probability of a strong surface cyclone over Central Europe a few days later. Comparison with a previous study focusing on Pacific cyclones shows noteworthy differences.
Development of a passive VHF radar system using software‐defined radio for equatorial plasma instability studies
Authors: Tuysuz B. , Urbina J. , Lind F. D.
Published: June 2013

In this paper, a bistatic passive radar receiver system named “Coherent‐scatter Atmospheric Passive Radar Imager (CAPRI)” is described. It is primarily designed to study the dynamics of the upper atmosphere by utilizing “transmitters of opportunity” as the RF target illuminators. CAPRI is constructed using the open source software‐defined radio toolkit, GNU Radio, to meet the signal processing requirements in combination with the open source hardware, Universal Software Radio Peripheral 2, for data acquisition. The resultant system is highly flexible, and we present the details of the design as well as a performance analysis. CAPRI will be deployed in Peru, near the magnetic equator, for long‐term operations in the area. FM stations near Lima, Peru, will be utilized with the targets of interest being the equatorial electrojet and the spread F. The results will then be compared to the Jicamarca Unattended Long‐term investigations of the Ionosphere and Atmosphere (JULIA) radar data, and CAPRI will be used to improve the simultaneous time and spatial coverage in the region in a more cost‐effective manner.
Online artificial neural network model‐based nonlinear model predictive controller for the meridian UAS
Authors: Garcia Gonzalo A. , Keshmiri Shahriar
Published: June 2013

A worldwide accident survey of manned and unmanned aircraft shows in‐flight loss of control remains a major contributor to aircraft accidents. Operation outside the normal fight envelope is usually subject to failure of components, inappropriate crew response, and environmental conditions. The aerodynamic model of aircraft associated with hazardous weather and abnormal conditions is inherently nonlinear and unsteady. A novel adaptive nonlinear model predictive controller is proposed and conceptually proven to ensure safe control of the Meridian unmanned aerial system in off‐nominal conditions. Nonlinear model predictive controllers are capable of handling input and output constraints that directly satisfy safety and performance requirements in off‐nominal conditions. The performance of a nonlinear model predictive controller relies heavily on the physics‐based model. Controller performance is improved by updating the physics‐based model by using real‐time nonlinear estimation of aerodynamic forces. Real‐time nonlinear estimation of aerodynamic forces is obtained utilizing artificial neural networks with time‐varying adaptive parameters. The adaptive nonlinear model predictive controller, coupled with real‐time parameter identification, is shown to exhibit robust characteristics and to successfully mitigate the impact of nonlinear and unsteady aerodynamics while preventing loss of control. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Text mining in computational advertising
Authors: Soriano Jacopo , Au Timothy , Banks David
Published: June 2013

Computational advertising uses information on web‐browsing activity and additional covariates to select advertisements for display to the user. The statistical challenge is to develop methodology that matches ads to users who are likely to purchase the advertised product. These methods not only involve text mining, but also may draw upon additional modeling related to both the user and the advertisement. This paper reviews various aspects of text mining, including n‐grams, topic modeling, and text networks, and discusses different strategies in the context of specific business models. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining, 2013
Fetal venous circulation in monochorionic twin pregnancies with placental insufficiency: prediction of acidemia at birth or intrauterine fetal death
Authors: Liao T. B. , Nomura R. M. Y. , Liao A. W. , Francisco R. P .V. , Zugaib M.
Published: June 2013

Objectives

To investigate fetal venous Doppler measurements in monochorionic twin pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency and the relationship between fetal venous flow and acidemia at birth or intrauterine fetal death.

Methods

This was a prospective study of 18 monochorionic twin pregnancies with placental insufficiency. Inclusion criteria were monochorionic–diamniotic twin pregnancy, abnormal umbilical artery (UA) Doppler indices, intact membranes and absence of fetal congenital abnormalities. Cases of twin‐to‐twin transfusion syndrome were excluded. The following Doppler measurements were studied: UA pulsatility index (PI), ductus venosus PI, middle cerebral artery PI and peak systolic velocity, intra‐abdominal umbilical vein (UV) time‐averaged maximum velocity (TAMXV) and left portal vein (LPV) TAMXV. Doppler parameters were transformed into Z‐scores (SD values from the mean) or multiples of the median according to normative references.

Results

UA pH < 7.20 occurred in nine (25.0%) neonates, pH < 7.15 in four (11.1%) and intrauterine death in four (11.1%) fetuses. The UV‐TAMXV and LPV‐TAMXV Z‐scores were significantly lower in the group with pH < 7.20 or intrauterine fetal death (–1.79 vs –1.22, P = 0.006 and –2.26 vs –1.13, P = 0.04, respectively). In cases with pH < 7.15 or intrauterine fetal death, UV pulsations were more frequent (50.0% vs 10.7%, P = 0.03) and UV‐TAMXV Z‐score was significantly lower (–1.89 vs –1.26, P = 0.003). Mixed effects logistic regression analysis, accounting for the paired nature of the outcomes for the two twins in each pregnancy, demonstrated that the UV‐TAMXV Z‐score significantly predicted UA pH at birth < 7.20 or intrauterine fetal death. The Doppler parameter that independently predicted pH < 7.15 or intrauterine fetal death was presence of pulsation in the UV.

Conclusion

UV Doppler parameters may predict acidemia at birth or intrauterine fetal death in monochorionic twins complicated by placental insufficiency. Copyright © 2013 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Skill of a global seasonal streamflow forecasting system, relative roles of initial conditions and meteorological forcing
Authors: Yossef Naze Candogan , Winsemius Hessel , Weerts Albrecht , van Beek Rens , Bierkens Marc F. P.
Published: June 2013

We investigate the relative contributions of initial conditions (ICs) and meteorological forcing (MF) to the skill of the global seasonal streamflow forecasting system FEWS‐World, using the global hydrological model PCRaster Global Water Balance. Potential improvement in forecasting skill through better climate prediction or by better estimation of ICs through data assimilation depends on the relative importance of these sources of uncertainty. We use the Ensemble Streamflow Prediction (ESP) and reverse ESP (revESP) procedure to explore the impact of both sources of uncertainty at 78 stations on large global basins for lead times upto 6 months. We compare the ESP and revESP forecast ensembles with retrospective model simulations driven by meteorological observations. For each location, we determine the critical lead time after which the importance of ICs is surpassed by that of MF. We analyze these results in the context of prevailing hydroclimatic conditions for larger basins. This analysis suggests that in some basins forecast skill may be improved by better estimation of initial hydrologic states through data assimilation; whereas in others skill improvement depends on better climate prediction. For arctic and snowfed rivers, forecasts of high flows may benefit from assimilation of snow and ice data. In some snowfed basins where the onset of melting is highly sensitive to temperature changes, forecast skill depends on better climate prediction. In monsoonal basins, the variability of the monsoon dominates forecasting skill, except for those where snow and ice contribute to streamflow. In large basins, initial surface water and groundwater states are important sources of skill.
Evaluation of the effects of temperature changes on fine timescale rainfall
Authors: Gyasi‐Agyei Yeboah
Published: June 2013

An enhanced copula‐based daily rainfall disaggregation model is presented. The rainfall data are grouped into maximum daily temperature quantiles instead of the usual monthly grouping in order to account for seasonal temperature shifts. Empirical and statistical evidence provided supports the conditioning of the model parameters on temperature. Linkage of the major model parameters to maximum daily temperature allows easy evaluation of temperature changes on fine timescale rainfall statistics. Rainfall data sets for three Australian capital cities located in different climatic regions were used to test the applicability of the presented model. It is observed that statistics such as the total wet periods' duration, storm event duration, and the autocorrelations decrease with increase in temperature, while the maximum wet period depth, variance, skewness, and the intensity‐duration‐frequency (IDF) show an increasing trend with temperature. Considering the 24 h wet day rainfall data sets, a 1°C rise in temperature could cause rates of change, depending on the climate (lowest rates for cool temperate zones and highest for the hot tropics), of 2%–14% in the total wet periods' duration, 5%–16% in variance, 10%–30% in skewness, 5%–9% in maximum period depth (including IDF), and 4%–25% in autocorrelations. Simulating single events of varying depths, and using temperature values spanning the spectrum of the recorded data for the capital cities, the average rates were 2%–12% for duration (and total wet periods' duration), 10%–26% for variance, 20%–32% for skewness and 1%–20% for the autocorrelations, all of which match the 24 h wet day results very well.
Collapse of higher‐order solute concentration moments in groundwater transport
Authors: Srzic Veljko , Andricevic Roko , Gotovac Hrvoje , Cvetkovic Vladimir
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we use numerical simulations based on a Lagrangian framework to study contaminant transport through highly heterogeneous porous media due to advection and local diffusion (under local diffusion, we assume coupled effect of mechanical dispersion and molecular diffusion). The analysis of the concentration field is done for the case of a two‐dimensional hydraulic conductivity domain representing the aquifer, with three log‐conductivity structures that differ in spatial correlation. In addition to different conductivity structures, we focus our investigation on mild and highly heterogeneous porous media characterized by the values of hydraulic log‐conductivity variance
being equal to 1 and 8. In the concentration moment analysis, we show that a linear relationship exists between higher‐order to second‐order normalized concentration moments on a log‐log scale up to the fourth‐order moment. This leads to the important finding that moments of a higher than the second order can be derived based on information about the first two concentration moments only. Such a property has been observed previously for boundary‐layer water channels, wind tunnels, and turbulent diffusion in open terrain and laboratory experiments. Normalized moments are shown to collapse for different types of hydraulic conductivity structures, Peclet (Pe) numbers and
values. In the case of local diffusion absence, a linear log‐log relationship is derived analytically and is set as a lower limit. The deviation from the lower limit is explained to be predominantly caused by the local diffusion, which needs time to evolve. In the case of local diffusion presence, we define the moment deriving function (MDF) to describe the linear log‐log relationship between higher‐order concentration moments to the second‐order normalized one. Finally, the comparison between numerical results and those obtained from the Columbus Air Force Base Macrodispersion Experiment (MADE 1) is used to demonstrate the robustness of the moment collapse.
Preparing for Optimal Outcomes: A Live Evacuation Exercise
Authors: Baioni Karyn , Gneuhs Matthew , Dickman Laura , Weber Karyn , Hueneman Margie , Timm Nathan
Published: June 2013

Requirements for emergency preparation and training are a part of medical facility guidelines. At one pediatric level I trauma center with 525 beds and more than 12,000 employees, the perioperative teams received regular evacuation training but had never held a live evacuation exercise, so a team made up of perioperative and support personnel created a plan for a live evacuation exercise. The team evaluated the six key areas of evacuation planning: communication, resources and assets, security and safety, staff responsibilities, utilities management, and clinical and patient support activities. Lessons learned from the exercise included the need to include surgeons in evacuation plans, the need for improved communication between different perioperative departments, and the need for security personnel to assist in evacuations.
The impact of an interprofessional problem‐based learning curriculum of clinical ethics on medical and nursing students' attitudes and ability of interprofessional collaboration: A pilot study
Authors: Lin Yu‐Chih , Chan Te‐Fu , Lai Chung‐Sheng , Chin Chi‐Chun , Chou Fan‐Hao , Lin Hui‐Ju
Published: June 2013

Clinical ethic situations in modern multiprofessional healthcare systems may involve different healthcare professions who work together for patient care. The undergraduate interprofessional education of clinical ethics would help to incubate healthcare students' ability of interprofessional collaboration in solving ethical problems. However, the impact from an interprofessional educational model on student's attitudes and confidence of interprofessional collaboration should be carefully evaluated during the process of curricular development. This study aimed to conduct a pilot interprofessional PBL curriculum of clinical ethics and evaluate the curricular impact on interprofessional students' attitude and confidence of collaborative teamwork. Thirty‐six medical and nursing students volunteered to participate in this study and were divided into three groups (medical group, nursing group, and mixed group). Tutors were recruited from the Medical School and the College of Nursing. The pilot curriculum included one lecture of clinical ethics, one PBL case study with two tutorial sessions, and one session of group discussion and feedback. A narrative story with multiple story lines and a multiperspective problem analysis tool were used in the PBL tutorials. The students' self‐evaluation of learning questionnaire was used to evaluate students' learning of clinical ethics and interprofessional collaborative skills and attitude. The internal consistency of the questionnaire was measured by Cronbach α, and the criterion‐related validity of the questionnaire was evaluated through associations between the dimension scores with the student group by one‐way analysis of variance test (ANOVA) test and Tukey‐Kramer honestly significant difference (HSD) comparison. There was significant difference among different groups in students' ability and attitudes about “interprofessional communication and collaboration” (p = 0.0184). The scores in the mixed group (37.58 ± 3.26) were higher than the medical group (32.10 ± 4.98). In conclusion, our model for the interprofessional PBL curriculum of clinical ethics is practicable and will produce positive impacts on students' attitudes and confidence of interprofessional collaboration.
Pollution and Protest in China: Environmental Mobilization in Context
Authors: Deng Yanhua , Yang Guobin
Published: June 2013

This article focuses on environmental controversy in a Chinese rural community. It shows that Chinese villagers may protest against anticipated pollution if the environmental threat is effectively framed. In the face of real and serious pollution, villagers may seek to redress environmental grievances by piggybacking on politically favourable issues. However, when the pollution is caused by fellow villagers, environmentally concerned villagers may remain silent owing to the constraints of community relations and economic dependency. These findings suggest that the relationship between pollution and protest is context-dependent.
A geometric perspective on the Breuil–Mézard conjecture
Authors: Emerton Matthew , Gee Toby
Published: June 2013

Let$p\gt 2$be prime. We state and prove (under mild hypotheses on the residual representation) a geometric refinement of the Breuil–Mézard conjecture for two-dimensional mod$p$representations of the absolute Galois group of${ \mathbb{Q} }_{p} $. We also state a conjectural generalization to$n$-dimensional representations of the absolute Galois group of an arbitrary finite extension of${ \mathbb{Q} }_{p} $, and give a conditional proof of this conjecture, subject to a certain$R= \mathbb{T} $-type theorem together with a strong version of the weight part of Serre’s conjecture for rank $n$unitary groups. We deduce an unconditional result in the case of two-dimensional potentially Barsotti–Tate representations.
Prespeech Vocalizations and the Emergence of Speech: A Study of 1005 Spanish Children
Authors: Karousou Alexandra , López-Ornat Susana
Published: June 2013

This study investigates 12 prespeech vocal behaviors which are taken to reflect children´s phonological, communicative and early symbolic development. It explores their development (onset, duration and extinction) and their relation to early lexical development. A structured parental questionnaire on prespeech vocalizations was developed, validated and used for the evaluation of 1005 Spanish children’s early vocal development (8–30 months). In parallel, the same children’s productive vocabulary was assessed using the vocabulary section of the European-Spanish MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventories. Results highlight a global inverted U-shaped developmental pattern which emerges from the asynchronous development of the vocal behaviors examined, relating both their emergence and extinction to advances in linguistic development. Moreover, the protracted coexistence of prespeech vocalizations with early speech and their significant correlations with vocabulary size reveal a gradual transition into language. Overall results reinforce and extend previous findings on the development of prespeech vocalizations and establish their relevance as early indexes of linguistic development. Finally, positive evidence on the use of an assisted parental report method for reliably evaluating these developments is provided. Results are discussed within theoretical frameworks that conceive language as the emergent product of complex developmental processes.
Psychometric Properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders for Socially Anxious and Healthy Spanish Adolescents
Authors: Hale William W. , Raaijmakers Quinten A. W. , García-López Luis Joaquín , Fernández Lourdes Espinosa- , Muela Jose Antonio , Castela Mª del Mar Díaz-
Published: June 2013

Socially anxious and healthy Spanish adolescents were studied in order to test the psychometric properties of the Screen for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED). Confirmatory factor analyses were employed to test measurement invariance between these two populations, Cronbach’s alphas were calculated to determine the reliabilities of the scales, and partial eta-square tests calculated the effect size of the differences between socially anxious and healthy adolescents and between the adolescent boys and girls. The psychometric properties of the SCARED were good, as demonstrated by having acceptable reliabilities (ranging from .75 – .41) and a moderate multivariate effect size (ηp2 = .08) between the adolescent boys and girls. Most importantly, it was demonstrated that the SCARED could differentiate between socially anxious and healthy Spanish adolescents as demonstrated by measurement invariance (χ2 = 254.27, df = 1343, GFI = .884, AGFI = .872, RMR = .031) and the large effect size (ηp2 = .22) between the samples.
Self-Generated Explanations on the Question Demands are not Always Helpful
Authors: Cerdán Raquel , Gilabert Ramiro , Vidal-Abarca Eduardo
Published: June 2013

This study had two main purposes. First, to measure high-school students’ task model representation under the instruction to self-explain questions; second, to test the effects of self-generated explanations on task-demands understanding and performance on questions. We designed a simple experimental situation where high-school students were asked to read two texts and answer questions. Only in half of the questions students were required to self-explain with their own words what the question was asking them for before answering. Contrary to our expectations, self-explaining the questions did not significantly affect skilled comprehenders, whereas it hindered performance in less-skilled comprehenders. Moreover, it inhibited their active engagement in search for textual units of information. Less-skilled comprehenders’ explanation protocols included inaccuracies, with consequences on the search process and success in the task. The relationship among quality of task model, search for information and success is discussed in light of the TRACE model (Rouet, 2006).
Teacher Psychological Needs, Locus of Control and Engagement
Authors: Betoret Fernando Doménech
Published: June 2013

This study examines the relationships among psychological needs, locus of control and engagement in a sample of 282 Spanish secondary school teachers. Nine teacher needs were identified based on the study of Bess (1977) and on the Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985, 2000, 2002). Self-report questionnaires were used to measure the construct selected for this study and their interrelationships were examined by conducting hierarchical regression analyses. An analysis of teacher responses using hierarchical regression reveals that psychological needs have significant positive effects on the three engagement dimensions (vigor, dedication and absorption). Furthermore, the results show the moderator role played by locus of control in the relationship between teacher psychological needs and the so-called core of engagement (vigor and dedication). Finally, practical implications are discussed.
Der akute anale Schmerz
Authors: Pittet Olivier , Demartines Nicolas , Hahnloser Dieter
Published: June 2013

Anale Schmerzen sind häufig in der Proktologie. Eine detaillierte Anamnese der Schmerzen und die klinische Untersuchung führen meistens zur Diagnose und damit zur unmittelbaren Therapie. Die akute Perianalvenenthrombose soll innerhalb 72 Stunden exzidiert werden. Akute Analfissuren werden konservativ mit Stuhlregulation und sphinktertonus-senkender Medikation sehr erfolgreich therapiert. Die chronische Analfissur muss meistens operiert werden. Perinalabaszesse können häufig in Lokalanästhesie abgedeckelt werden. Die proctalgia fugax und das levator ani syndrome sind Auschlussdiagnosen und werden symptomatisch therapiert.
Survey of Spanish Parents of Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: Decision-Making Factors Associated With Communication Modality and Bilingualism
Authors: Guiberson Mark
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The purpose of the present study was (a) to describe factors and trends associated with Spanish parents' choice of communication modality and spoken-language bilingualism for children who are deaf or hard of hearing (DHH) and (b) to identify if bilingual variables predict children's bilingual status in a country where bilingualism is common.

Method

Seventy-one Spanish parents of children who are DHH completed an online survey that included questions about demographics, family and professional involvement and support, accessibility to information and services, and bilingual background and beliefs. Analyses were completed to describe groups and to examine how variables were associated with parents' decisions.

Results

Thirty-eight percent of parents chose to raise their children to be spoken-language bilingual. Most parents indicated that they believed being bilingual was beneficial for their children and that children who are DHH are capable of becoming bilingual in spoken languages. Parent's bilingual score, beliefs about raising children who are DHH bilingually, and encouragement to do so, were significantly associated with children's bilingual status.

Conclusion

In communities where bilingualism is common, bilingual parents will often choose to raise children who are DHH bilingual in spoken languages. Implications for practice and future studies in the United States are provided.
Effects of Signal Level and Spectral Contrast on Vowel Formant Discrimination for Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners
Authors: Woodall Ashley , Liu Chang
Published: June 2013

Purpose

The aim of this study was to determine whether increasing the overall speech level or the individual spectral contrasts of vowel sounds can improve vowel formant discrimination for listeners both with and without normal hearing.

Method

Thresholds of vowel formant discrimination were examined for the F2 frequencies of 3 American English vowels for listeners with and without normal hearing. Spectral contrasts of the F2 were enhanced by 3, 6, and 9 dB. Vowel stimuli were presented at 70 and 90 dB SPL.

Results

The thresholds of listeners with hearing impairment were reduced significantly after spectral enhancement was implemented, especially at 90 dB SPL, whereas normal-hearing listeners did not benefit from spectral enhancement.

Conclusion

These results indicate that a combination of spectral enhancement of F2 and high speech level is most beneficial to improve vowel formant discrimination for listeners with hearing impairment.
The Effect of Hearing Loss on the Perception of Infant- and Adult-Directed Speech
Authors: Robertson Susie , von Hapsburg Deborah , Hay Jessica S.
Published: June 2013

Purpose

Infant-directed speech (IDS) facilitates language learning in infants with normal hearing, compared to adult-directed speech (ADS). It is well established that infants with normal hearing prefer to listen to IDS over ADS. The purpose of this study was to determine whether infants with hearing impairment (HI), like their NH peers, show a listening preference for IDS over ADS.

Method

A total of 36 infants—9 HI infants (mean chronological age of 19.1 with mean listening age of 7.7 months), 9 NH infants with similar average listening age (7.8 months), and 9 NH infants with similar average chronological age (18.6 months)—were tested on their listening preference for IDS compared with ADS using the central fixation preference procedure.

Results

Infants with HI significantly preferred listening to IDS over ADS. The preference for IDS was also seen in the younger NH infants, but not older NH controls. Additionally, HI infants showed shorter overall looking times as compared to either NH group.

Conclusion

Although infants with hearing loss displayed a shorter looking time to speech compared to NH controls, HI infants nonetheless appear to have sufficient access to the speech signal to display a developmentally appropriate preference for IDS over ADS.
Compact UWB bandpass filter with reconfigurable notched band
Authors: Rabbi K. , Athukorala L. , Panagamuwa C. , Vardaxoglou J.C. , Budimir D.
Published: June 2013

A compact bandpass filter is presented for ultra‐wideband (UWB) applications with a reconfigurable notched band to reject unwanted signals from the WiMAX systems. A single pin diode is used for the purpose of switching the notch. An optical switch, comprised of a silicon dice activated using near infrared light is also investigated as an alternative to the pin diode. While the switch is in the ON state this reconfigurable filter behaves as a bandpass filter with a notch at 3.5 GHz and a full band response is obtained in the OFF state. The filter offers excellent performance for the lower‐band frequency of a UWB system, ranging from 3.1 to 5.0 GHz and exhibits very low passband insertion loss. Also, transmission zeros are generated at the passband edges to enhance the signal selectivity. A filter sample has been designed and fabricated to provide experimental verification on the proposed filter. A good agreement has been achieved between simulated and measured results with both the pin diode as well as the optical switch. The proposed reconfigurable filter with notched band was able to achieve 40% size reduction as compared to an embedded open‐circuited stub.
Highly birefringent, low-loss liquid crystals for terahertz applications
Authors: Reuter M. , Vieweg N. , Fischer B. M. , Mikulicz M. , Koch M. , Garbat K. , Dąbrowski R.
Published: June 2013

With growing interest in switchable devices for the THz frequency range, there is a strong demand for liquid crystals (LC) exhibiting both a high birefringence and a low absorption. We present the refractive index and absorption coefficient of the liquid crystal mixtures 1852 and 1825 in the frequency range between 0.2 and 2.5 THz. Both mixtures are designed specifically for high birefringence Δn of 0.32 and 0.38, respectively, in the THz region. In addition, they show low absorption coefficients for both ordinary and extraordinary polarization. This low absorbance in combination with the high birefringence makes these LCs particularly well suited for applications in switchable devices for THz optics.
The effects of microstructural defects on hot spot formation in cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine-polychlorotrifluoroethylene energetic aggregates
Authors: LaBarbera D. A. , Zikry M. A.
Published: June 2013

Shock initiation due to hot spot formation has been investigated in energetic aggregates subjected to dynamic thermo-mechanical loading conditions. A dislocation-density based crystalline plasticity and specialized finite-element formulations were used to predict hot spot formation due to dynamic thermo-mechanical loading conditions in cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine-polymer energetic aggregates. The effects of grain boundary misorientations, porosity, grain morphology, dislocation densities, and crystal-binder interactions were coupled with adiabatic plasticity heating, thermal decomposition, and dissipated heat to analyze hot spot formation. The predictions indicate that hot spot formation occurs when temperatures become unbounded in localized regions between voids. The time to hot spot formation decreases with increases in dynamic pressure loads, which is consistent with experimental results.
Identifying system characteristics of autonomous wind turbines: Measurement system design
Authors: Murat Ates Ali , Sabit Cetin Numan
Published: June 2013

In this study, an autonomous wind turbine system has been simulated. Meteorological data gathered at the turbine's location and the turbine's characteristics have been measured in one-second periods of time. Based on these measurement values, simulation values and measured values have been compared synchronously, using a software program prepared in a graphic media. The study initially used the matlab program for turbine simulation. However, the matlab program ran too slowly because of the study's large amount of data calculations. Moreover, observation of measured data simulation results on the same graph and simultaneous Internet results proved to be inefficient. For these reasons, a new program, Turbine Analyzer, was prepared, using Delphi programming language. Simulation results taken from matlab and Turbine Analyzer were compared, and the newly written program was tested. In this study, an original system, created to conduct turbine tests, has achieved characteristics tests of small-scale (20 kW and below) autonomous wind turbines.
Oscillating magnetocaloric effect of a two dimensional non-relativistic diamagnetic material
Authors: Reis M. S.
Published: June 2013

Among the magnetic materials, those with ferromagnetic character are, by far, the most studied in what concerns applications of the magnetocaloric effect. However, recently, diamagnetic materials received due attention never received before, and an oscillatory behavior, analogous to the de Haas-van Alphen effect, has been found. The present effort describes in details the magnetocaloric properties of a 2D non-relativistic material (a gold thin film, for instance), where oscillations, depending on the reciprocal magnetic field 1/B, are found. A comparison of the magnetic entropy change per electron for some cases is presented, and we found ≈10−1 kB (at 109.3 K) for graphenes, ≈10−5 kB (at 0.7 K) for 2D gold, and ≈10−7 kB (at 0.7 K) for 3D gold.
Resistive switching with self-rectifying behavior in Cu/SiOx/Si structure fabricated by plasma-oxidation
Authors: Tang G. S. , Zeng F. , Chen C. , Liu H. Y. , Gao S. , Li S. Z. , Song C. , Wang G. Y. , Pan F.
Published: June 2013

We report a resistive switching memory structure based on silicon wafers by employing both materials and processing fully compatible with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology. A SiOx nanolayer was fabricated by direct plasma-oxidation of silicon wafers at room-temperature. Resistive switching behaviors were investigated on both p- and n-Si wafers, whereas self-rectifying effect was obtained in the Cu/SiOx/n-Si structure at low-resistance state. The self-rectifying effect was explained by formation of the Schottky barrier between the as-formed Cu filament and the n-Si. These results suggest a convenient and cost-efficient technical-route to develop high-density resistive switching memory for nowadays Si-based semiconductor industry.
Growth and electrical characterization of Al0.24Ga0.76As/AlxGa1−xAs/Al0.24Ga0.76As modulation-doped quantum wells with extremely low x
Authors: Gardner Geoffrey C. , Watson John D. , Mondal Sumit , Deng Nianpei , Csáthy Gabor A. , Manfra Michael J.
Published: June 2013

We report on the growth and electrical characterization of modulation-doped Al0.24Ga0.76As/AlxGa1−xAs/Al0.24Ga0.76As quantum wells with mole fractions as low as x = 0.00057. Such structures will permit detailed studies of the impact of alloy disorder in the fractional quantum Hall regime. At zero magnetic field, we extract an alloy scattering rate of 24 ns−1 per%Al. Additionally, we find that for x as low as 0.00057 in the quantum well, alloy scattering becomes the dominant mobility-limiting scattering mechanism in ultra-high purity two-dimensional electron gases typically used to study the fragile ν = 5/2 and ν = 12/5 fractional quantum Hall states.
Large transverse thermoelectric voltage effect in incline-oriented SrTi1−xNbxO3 films with cubic structure
Authors: Qin Yi , Zhao Ting , Zhang Hai-Hong , Wang Bo , Zhang Peng-Xiang , Yang Jian-Feng
Published: June 2013

SrTi1−xNbxO3 films with cubic structure were grown on LaAlO3 single crystal substrates by pulsed laser deposition, in which the inclination angle of the (001) plane orientation was in strict accordance with 10° against the film surface. The maximal peak value of transverse thermoelectric voltage of up to 6.88 V was obtained for the sample with the optimum thickness around 500 nm. The large voltage signals indicate SrTi1−xNbxO3 films have considerable anisotropy of the Seebeck coefficient ΔS which reaches to ∼25 μV/K. The results demonstrate cubic structure materials also can be used to develop large transverse thermoelectric voltage effect.
Electron-exchange and quantum screening effects on the Thomson scattering process in quantum Fermi plasmas
Authors: Lee Gyeong Won , Jung Young-Dae
Published: June 2013

The influence of the electron-exchange and quantum screening on the Thomson scattering process is investigated in degenerate quantum Fermi plasmas. The Thomson scattering cross section in quantum plasmas is obtained by the plasma dielectric function and fluctuation-dissipation theorem as a function of the electron-exchange parameter, Fermi energy, plasmon energy, and wave number. It is shown that the electron-exchange effect enhances the Thomson scattering cross section in quantum plasmas. It is also shown that the differential Thomson scattering cross section has a minimum at the scattering angle Θ=π/2. It is also found that the Thomson scattering cross section increases with an increase of the Fermi energy. In addition, the Thomson scattering cross section is found to be decreased with increasing plasmon energy.