bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prologi – kehittyvä tieteellinen vuosikirja
Authors: Kostiainen Emma , Ala-Kortesmaa Sanna , Hyvärinen Marja-Leena , Virtanen Ira
Published: December 2019

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Microhabitat Characteristics of Myopopone Castanea (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Oil Palm Plantation
Authors: Widihastuty Widihastuty , Tobing Maryani C. , Marheni Marheni , Kuswardani Retna A.
Published: December 2019

Ants are social insects which widespread and play many important roles in an ecosystem. Myopopone castanea ants are a predator for the pre-adult stage of pest Oryctes rhinoceros which is one of the important pests in oil palm plantations. At the oil palm plantations, M. castanea and pre-mature stadia from pests O. rhinoceros live on decaying palm oil stems. This study aimed to explore the presence and the microhabitat characteristics of M. castanea ant in oil palm plantation so that mass rearing of M. castanea ants can be carried out in the laboratory to support the natural enemy augmentation program in biological control of O. rhinoceros pest. The exploration of ant nests was carried out in two plantation locations: smallholder oil palm plantations in Tanah Merah sub-district, Binjai Selatan Subdistrict, Binjai and PTPN 2 and PTPN 4 in Deli Serdang and Serdang Bedagai districts, North Sumatra Province. The results showed that the colonies of M. castanea in both of plantations vary greatly in the size of the number and stage of the ant development stage. Average of abiotic factors in the microhabitat of M. castanea ants in PTPN plantation (t = 29.7 0C, Rh = 70%, pH = 6.03 and C / N ratio = 66.18%), while for smallholder plantation (t = 29.1 0C, Rh = 70.9%, pH = 6.39 and C / N ratio = 69.01%). A suitable abiotic environment will support life and mass rearing of M. castanea ant colonies.
The Yuge Effect of Racist Resentment on Support for Donald Trump and…Attitudes about Automobile Fuel Efficiency Requirements?
Authors: Zigerell L.J
Published: December 2019

Recent political science research has used a relatively new measure of racist attitudes—referred to as racist resentment, among other labels—to support inferences about racist attitudes and vote choice in the 2016 U.S. presidential election. Analysis of data from the 2016 Cooperative Congressional Election Study indicated that this racist resentment measure predicted vote choice for Donald Trump but also nontrivially predicted phenomena that theoretically have little-to-no racial content such as attitudes about environmental policies. These results suggest that the racist resentment measure captures too much nonracial content to be useful for estimating the association of racism with outcome variables.
The Koala Part-of-Speech Tagset for Written Swedish
Authors: Adesam Yvonne , Bouma Gerlof
Published: December 2019

We present the Koala part-of-speech tagset for written Swedish. The categorization takes the Swedish Academy grammar (SAG) as its main starting point, to fit with the current descriptive view on Swedish grammar. We argue that neither SAG, as is, nor any of the existing part-of-speech tagsets, meet our requirements for a broadly applicable categorization. Our proposal is outlined and compared to the other descriptions, and motivations for both the tagset as a whole as well as decisions about individual tags are discussed.
The SweLL Language Learner Corpus
Authors: Volodina Elena , Granstedt Lena , Matsson Arild , Megyesi Beáta , Pilán Ildikó , Prentice Julia , Rosén Dan , Rudebeck Lisa , Schenström Carl-Johan , Sundberg Gunlög , Wirén Mats
Published: December 2019

The article presents a new language learner corpus for Swedish, SweLL, and the methodology from collection and pesudonymisation to protect personal information of learners to annotation adapted to second language learning. The main aim is to deliver a well-annotated corpus of essays written by second language learners of Swedish and make it available for research through a browsable environment. To that end, a new annotation tool and a new project management tool have been implemented, – both with the main purpose to ensure reliability and quality of the final corpus. In the article we discuss reasoning behind metadata selection, principles of gold corpus compilation and argue for separation of normalization from correction annotation.
ABRINDO A CAIXA DE PANDORA: AS COMPETÊNCIAS DA MATEMÁTICA NA BNCC
Authors: Freitas Fabrício Monte , Bertolucci Cristina Cavalli , Roveda Crislaine de Anunciação , Silva João Alberto da
Published: December 2019

Este ensaio discute as oito competências apontadas na BNCC para a área de Matemática no Ensino Fundamental. Elas abarcam as capacidades que um estudante deve adquirir ao final desta etapa da escolarização formal. Nossa análise é didático-pedagógica sob um viés epistemológico, por maislatente e importante que seja a discussão político-pedagógica do documento. Evidencia-se que as competências se articulam nas ideias de resolver problemas, produzir argumentos e comunicar resultados, o que demonstra estarem alinhadas com as tendências contemporâneas do ensino da Matemática. Há destaque para o pensamento lógico, as habilidades socioemocionais e o espírito investigativo, com negação de orientações tradicionais que incentivavam processos de memorização erepetição para ensinar Matemática. Trata-se de um documento robusto, com forte coesão interna ealicerçado em princípios que valorizam o pensamento, a criatividade, o afeto e a construção de significado. Também é uma orientação que fala muito por aquilo que ali não consta. As dificuldades singulares do processo de ensino, sejam materiais ou humanas, são relegadas para segundo plano por esta política curricular. Por fim, destaca-se que a proposição de competências a serem adquiridas pelo estudante e de um rol de habilidades a serem desenvolvidas pelo professor produz um discurso de responsabilização e meritocracia.
LOS CUADRILÁTEROS COMO SABER A ENSEÑAR EN EL CURRÍCULO PERUANO
Authors: García-Cuéllar Daysi Julissa , Almouloud Saddo Ag , Salazar Jesús Victoria Flores
Published: December 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo presentar un análisis de los cuadriláteros como saber a enseñar en el currículo de Perú. Los elementos teóricos en que nos basamos están sustentados por la Teoría Antropológica de lo Didáctico (TAD) y en su perspectiva ecológica. Realizamos un estudio del sistema Educativo Peruano, de las reformas curriculares y luego analizamos cómo y porqué está presente el estudio de los cuadriláteros en el sistema escolar peruano. Como resultados, obtuvimos que, en el currículo de peruano, existe atomización de los contenidos, específicamente enGeometría, es decir, los contenidos son propuestos para ser enseñados de manera separada sin interrelacionarse, por lo cual se pudo dilucidar que, en el caso de los cuadriláteros, se da el fenómeno del autismo temático, que quiere decir que existe un encierro en el nivel temático dentro de la escalade codeterminación didáctica.
O ESTUDO DE GEOMETRIA NOS ANOS INICIAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL A PARTIR DOS PARÂMETROS PARA EDUCAÇÃO BÁSICA DO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO: UM OLHAR SOB A ÓTICA DA TEORIA DE VAN HIELE
Authors: Pachêco Franklin Fernando Ferreira , Silva Andreza Santana da
Published: December 2019

A presente pesquisa, de caráter documental, apresenta uma análise referente ao bloco dos conteúdos de geometria propostos pelos Parâmetros para a Educação Básica do estado de Pernambucopara o processo de ensino nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental. Analisou-se sob a ótica da teoria de Van Hiele do desenvolvimento do pensamento geométrico, em especial do nível 1 (visualização oureconhecimento), quais as expectativas de aprendizagens do documento curricular que exploram a percepção visual de alunos nos anos iniciais como um fator para a construção do conhecimento geométrico. Por meio das análises de resultados se identificou que na devida etapa de escolaridade asexpectativas de aprendizagens dispostas no documento de Pernambuco (2012) objetivam o desenvolvimento e a construção do pensamento geométrico por meio do raciocínio visual.
INSTIGANDO JUSTIFICATIVAS E PROMOVENDO ESTRATÉGIAS DE PROVA SOBRE QUADRILÁTEROS COM O APLICATIVO FREEGEO
Authors: Bairral Marcelo Almeida
Published: December 2019

Dispositivos móveis com toques em tela (DMcTT) chegam à sala de aula no bolso ou nas mãos dos alunos. Eles podem ser usados a favor do aprendizado matemático. Neste artigo são apresentados dois exemplos de como a geometria pode ser dinamizada e enriquecida com o uso doaplicativo FreeGeo. O primeiro ilustra estudantes do Ensino Médio conceituando e justificando propriedades sobre quadriláteros, e o segundo ilustra estratégias argumentativas de licenciandos em Matemática na produção de provas sobre trapézio. A importância do design da tarefa, a dinâmica interativa e a movimentação do raciocínio em dois domínios (construtivo e relacional) são contribuições da pesquisa com vistas à produção de provas mais autorais.
CURRÍCULO E INTERDISCIPLINARIDADE NA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES DE MATEMÁTICA: O CASO DE UMA UNIVERSIDADE GOIANA
Authors: Fontes Líviam Santana , Gontijo Cleyton Hércules , Moreira Geraldo Eustáquio
Published: December 2019

O currículo escolar brasileiro segue, historicamente, uma organização disciplinar, linear e compartimentada. De acordo com nossos referenciais, esse modo de organizar o ensino é limitante, e não condiz com as necessidades educativas atuais. A interdisciplinaridade apresenta-se como uma possibilidade para superar esse modelo, mas para que as mudanças curriculares ocorram, é preciso que elas perpassem a formação de professores, pois os licenciados tendem a reproduzir, em suas salas deaula, suas práticas formativas. O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar uma breve discussão sobre ainterdisciplinaridade e o currículo brasileiro, e a análise curricular de um curso de licenciatura em matemática, investigando se este oferece possibilidades de um ensino interdisciplinar. Selecionamos a Universidade Estadual de Goiás que, dentre as instituições públicas goianas, oferta o maior número de cursos em licenciatura em matemática. Foi possível constatar que há poucos indícios de um trabalho interdisciplinar. Concluímos que é preciso mudanças tanto no Projeto Pedagógico, em que as orientações para os trabalhos interdisciplinares estejam claramente explicitadas, quanto na estrutura curricular do curso, tornando-o mais flexível, para que a interdisciplinaridade possa de fato ser materializada.
Simple Constructive, Insertion, and Improvement Heuristics Based on the Girding Polygon for the Euclidean Traveling Salesman Problem
Authors: Pacheco-Valencia Víctor , Hernández José Alberto , Sigarreta José María , Vakhania Nodari
Published: December 2019

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) aims at finding the shortest trip for a salesman, who has to visit each of the locations from a given set exactly once, starting and ending at the same location. Here, we consider the Euclidean version of the problem, in which the locations are points in the two-dimensional Euclidean space and the distances are correspondingly Euclidean distances. We propose simple, fast, and easily implementable heuristics that work well, in practice, for large real-life problem instances. The algorithm works on three phases, the constructive, the insertion, and the improvement phases. The first two phases run in time O ( n 2 ) and the number of repetitions in the improvement phase, in practice, is bounded by a small constant. We have tested the practical behavior of our heuristics on the available benchmark problem instances. The approximation provided by our algorithm for the tested benchmark problem instances did not beat best known results. At the same time, comparing the CPU time used by our algorithm with that of the earlier known ones, in about 92% of the cases our algorithm has required less computational time. Our algorithm is also memory efficient: for the largest tested problem instance with 744,710 cities, it has used about 50 MiB, whereas the average memory usage for the remained 217 instances was 1.6 MiB.
Genetic and Genomic Diversity in a Tarwi (Lupinus mutabilis Sweet) Germplasm Collection and Adaptability to Mediterranean Climate Conditions
Authors: Guilengue Norberto , Alves Sofia , Talhinhas Pedro , Neves-Martins João
Published: December 2019

Lupinus mutabilis (tarwi) is a species of Andean origin with high protein and oil content and regarded as a potential crop in Europe. The success in the introduction of this crop depends in part on in depth knowledge of the intra-specific genetic variability of the collections, enabling the establishment of breeding and conservation programs. In this study, we used morphological traits, Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat markers and genome size to assess genetic and genomic diversity of 23 tarwi accessions under Mediterranean conditions. Phenotypic analyses and yield component studies point out accession LM268 as that achieving the highest seed production, producing large seeds and efficiently using primary branches as an important component of total yield, similar to the L. albus cultivars used as controls. By contrast, accession JKI-L295 presents high yield concentrated on the main stem, suggesting a semi-determinate development pattern. Genetic and genomic analyses revealed important levels of diversity, however not relatable to phenotypic diversity, reflecting the recent domestication of this crop. This is the first study of genome size diversity within L. mutabilis, revealing an average size of 2.05 pg/2C (2001 Mbp) with 9.2% variation (1897–2003 Mbp), prompting further studies for the exploitation of this diversity.
Natural Variation in Fatty Acid Composition of Diverse World Soybean Germplasms Grown in China
Authors: Abdelghany Ahmed M. , Zhang Shengrui , Azam Muhammad , Shaibu Abdulwahab S. , Feng Yue , Qi Jie , Li Yanfei , Tian Yu , Hong Huilong , Li Bin , Sun Junming
Published: December 2019

Soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) is one of the most important crops in the world. Its major content of vegetable oil made it widely used for human consumption and several food industries. To investigate the variation in seed fatty acid composition of soybeans from different origins, a set of 633 soybean accessions originated from four diverse germplasm collections—including China, United States of America (USA), Japan, and Russia—were grown in three locations, Beijing, Anhui, and Hainan for two years. The results showed significant differences (P < 0.001) among the four germplasm origins for all fatty acid contents investigated. Higher levels, on average, of palmitic acid (PA) and linolenic acid (LNA) were observed in Russian germplasm (12.31% and 8.15%, respectively), whereas higher levels of stearic acid (SA) and oleic acid (OA) were observed in Chinese germplasm (3.95% and 21.95%, respectively). The highest level of linoleic acid (LA) was noticed in the USA germplasm accessions (56.34%). The largest variation in fatty acid composition was found in LNA, while a large variation was observed between Chinese and USA germplasms for LA level. Maturity group (MG) significantly (P < 0.0001) affected all fatty acids and higher levels of PA, SA, and OA were observed in early maturing accessions, while higher levels of LA and LNA were observed in late maturing accessions. The trends of fatty acids concentrations with different MG in this study further provide an evidence of the importance of MG in breeding for such soybean seed components. Collectively, the unique accessions identified in this study can be used to strengthen the soybean breeding programs for meeting various human nutrition patterns around the globe.
The Effect of ULO and NA Storage on Changes in the Quality of Apple Fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.) during Shelf Life
Authors: Korićanac Aleksandra , Miletić Nemanja , Popović Branko , Mitrović Olga , Lukić Milan , Pešaković Marijana , Tomić Jelena
Published: December 2019

In order to preserve the quality of apple fruit, it is crucial to choose the most suitable storage technology. Nevertheless, it is also important to maintain the quality of apples during the shelf life period. In this study, changes in various biochemical quality parameters of ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Idared’ apples during a prolonged shelf life period, after conventional normal atmosphere (NA) and ultra-low oxygen (ULO) storage, were investigated. After the harvest, the fruit of examined cultivars were stored in two atmospheres for six months. Weight loss, changes in content of sugars, organic acids, total phenols, total flavonoids, pectic fractions, and antioxidant capacity were monitored. Samples were evaluated immediately after removal from the cold chambers and after 10 and 20 days of shelf life at 20 °C. ‘Golden Delicious’ apples stored in ULO exhibited better qualitative characteristics during 20 days of shelf life compared with apples of the same cultivar stored in NA. However, evaluated traits in ‘Idared’ apples from NA chambers were of higher quality in comparison with ‘Idared’ apples stored in the ULO atmosphere.
Treatment of Sweet Pepper with Stress Tolerance-Inducing Compounds Alleviates Salinity Stress Oxidative Damage by Mediating the Physio-Biochemical Activities and Antioxidant Systems
Authors: Abdelaal Khaled A. , EL-Maghraby Lamiaa M. , Elansary Hosam , Hafez Yaser M. , Ibrahim Eid I. , El-Banna Mostafa , El-Esawi Mohamed , Elkelish Amr
Published: December 2019

Salinity stress occurs due to the accumulation of high levels of salts in soil, which ultimately leads to the impairment of plant growth and crop loss. Stress tolerance-inducing compounds have a remarkable ability to improve growth and minimize the effects of salinity stress without negatively affecting the environment by controlling the physiological and molecular activities in plants. Two pot experiments were carried out in 2017 and 2018 to study the influence of salicylic acid (1 mM), yeast extract (6 g L−1), and proline (10 mM) on the physiological and biochemical parameters of sweet pepper plants under saline conditions (2000 and 4000 ppm). The results showed that salt stress led to decreasing the chlorophyll content, relative water content, and fruit yields, whereas electrolyte leakage, malondialdehyde (MDA), proline concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and the activities of antioxidant enzymes increased in salt-stressed plants. The application of salicylic acid (1 mM), yeast extract (6 g L−1), and proline (10 mM) markedly improved the physiological characteristics and fruit yields of salt-stressed plants compared with untreated stressed plants. A significant reduction in electrolyte leakage, MDA, and ROS was also recorded for all treatments. In conclusion, our results reveal the important role of proline, SA, and yeast extracts in enhancing sweet pepper growth and tolerance to salinity stress via modulation of the physiological parameters and antioxidants machinery. Interestingly, proline proved to be the best treatment.
One Health: How Interdependence Enriches Veterinary Ethics Education
Authors: Nieuwland Joachim , Meijboom Franck L. B.
Published: December 2019

What does One Health imply for veterinary ethics education? In order to answer this question, we will first have to establish what One Health itself involves. The meaning and scope of One Health, however, cannot be established without reference to its values—whose health matters? Veterinary ethics education is well equipped to facilitate such an open-ended inquiry into multispecies health. One Health also widens the scope of veterinary ethics by making salient, among other fields, environmental ethics, global health justice, and non-Western approaches to ethics. Finally, One Health requires students to engage with interdependence. Discussing three levels of interdependence, we argue that veterinary ethics stands to benefit from a more contemplative pedagogy.
Light-Controlled Fruit Pigmentation and Flavor Volatiles in Tomato and Bell Pepper
Authors: Yoo Hee Ju , Kim Jin-Hyun , Park Kyoung-Sub , Son Jung Eek , Lee Je Min
Published: December 2019

Light is a major environmental factor affecting the regulation of secondary metabolites, such as pigments and flavor. The Solanaceae plant family has diverse patterns of fruit metabolisms that serve as suitable models to understand the molecular basis of its regulation across species. To investigate light-dependent regulation for fruit pigmentation and volatile flavors, major fruit pigments, their biosynthetic gene expression, and volatiles were analyzed in covered fruits of tomato and bell pepper. Immature covered fruits were found to be ivory in color and no chlorophyll was detected in both plants. The total carotenoid content was found to be reduced in ripe tomato and bell pepper under cover. Naringenin chalcone decreased more than 7-fold in ripe tomato and total flavonoids decreased about 10-fold in immature and ripe pepper fruit under light deficiency. Light positively impacts fruit pigmentation in tomato and bell pepper by regulating gene expression in carotenoid and flavonoid biosynthesis, especially phytoene synthase and chalcone synthase, respectively. Nineteen volatile flavors were detected, and seven of these exhibited light-dependent regulations for both ripe tomato and pepper. This study will help in improving fruit quality and aid future research works to understand the molecular mechanisms regulating the influence of light-dependency on pigments and flavor volatiles.
Whole-Body Joint Angle Estimation for Real-Time Humanoid Robot Imitation Based on Gaussian Process Dynamical Model and Particle Filter
Authors: Mi Jian , Takahashi Yasutake
Published: December 2019

Real-time imitation enables a humanoid robot to mirror the behavior of humans, being important for applications of human–robot interaction. For imitation, the corresponding joint angles of the humanoid robot should be estimated. Generally, a humanoid robot comprises dozens of joints that construct a high-dimensional exploration space for estimating the joint angles. Although a particle filter can estimate the robot state and provides a solution for estimating joint angles, the computational cost becomes prohibitive given the high dimension of the exploration space. Furthermore, a particle filter can only estimate the joint angles accurately using a motion model. To realize accurate joint angle estimation at low computational cost, Gaussian process dynamical models (GPDMs) can be adopted. Specifically, a compact state space can be constructed through the GPDM learning of high-dimensional time-series motion data to obtain a suitable motion model. We propose a GPDM-based particle filter using a compact state space from the learned motion models to realize efficient estimation of joint angles for robot imitation. Simulations and real experiments demonstrate that the proposed method efficiently estimates humanoid robot joint angles at low computational cost, enabling real-time imitation.
Injection Molding Process Control of Servo–Hydraulic System
Authors: Lin Chun-Ying , Shen Fang-Cheng , Wu Kuo-Tsai , Lee Huei-Huang , Hwang Sheng-Jye
Published: December 2019

The present study constructs a servo–hydraulic system to simulate the filling and packing processes of an injection molding machine. Experiments are performed to evaluate the velocity and position control of the system in the filling stage and the pressure control in the packing stage. The results demonstrate that the proposed system meets the required performance standards when operated with the proportional-integral–derivative (PID) controller under a sampling frequency of 1000 Hz.
Preparation and Characterization for Antibacterial Activities of 3D Printing Polyetheretherketone Disks Coated with Various Ratios of Ampicillin and Vancomycin Salts
Authors: Lau Ngi-Chiong , Tsai Min-Hua , Chen Dave W. , Chen Chien-Hao , Cheng Kong-Wei
Published: December 2019

In this study, polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials coated with various ratios of two kinds of antibiotic agents (ampicillin and/or vancomycin salts) were prepared. A modified 3D printer based on fused deposition modeling was employed to prepare PEEK disks. Coating ampicillin and/or vancomycin salts onto the PEEK disks was carried out using the biodegradable poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) polymer as a binder and a control unit for the drug release in the buffer solution. The effects of various rations of ampicillin and/or vancomycin salts in the PLGA polymer on the PEEK substrates, the release profiles of various drugs, and antibacterial activities of the samples were investigated. Temperature of the heated nozzle in a commerical 3D printer was set at 340 °C. After systemic investigations of the qualities of PEEK disks, a diameter of the heated nozzle of 0.6 mm in the 3D printer was employed for the preparation of PEEK disks. Results of drug release profiles from samples into buffer solution show that the antibacterial activities of samples can continue up to 28 days. In the inhibition zone test of samples, the release amounts of antibiotic agents from the PEEK samples can inhibit S. aureus with activity of over 40% in 30 days tests and most of them can have inhibition activities of higher than 60% during the test. These results showed that a simple and low-cost 3D printing method for the preparation of PEEK/antibiotic agents/PLGA samples can have further applications in biomedical-related technology.
Joint Probabilistic Hypergraph Matching Labeled Multi-Bernoulli Filter for Rigid Target Tracking
Authors: Huang Yuan , Wang Liping , Wang Xueying , An Wei
Published: December 2019

The likelihood determined by the distance between measurements and predicted states of targets is widely used in many filters for data association. However, if the actual motion model of targets is not coincided with the preset dynamic motion model, this criterion will lead to poor performance when close-space targets are tracked. For rigid target tracking task, the structure of rigid targets can be exploited to improve the data association performance. In this paper, the structure of the rigid target is represented as a hypergraph, and the problem of data association is formulated as a hypergraph matching problem. However, the performance of hypergraph matching degrades if there are missed detections and clutter. To overcome this limitation, we propose a joint probabilistic hypergraph matching labeled multi-Bernoulli (JPHGM-LMB) filter with all undetected cases being considered. In JPHGM-LMB, the likelihood is built based on group structure rather than the distance between predicted states and measurements. Consequently, the probability of each target associated with each measurement (joint association probabilities) can be obtained. Then, the structure information is integrated into LMB filter by revising each single target likelihood with joint association probabilities. However, because all undetected cases is considered, proposed approach is usable in real time only for a limited number of targets. Extensive simulations have demonstrated the significant performance improvement of our proposed method.
A New Multi-Scale Convolutional Model Based on Multiple Attention for Image Classification
Authors: Yang Yadong , Xu Chengji , Dong Feng , Wang Xiaofeng
Published: December 2019

Computer vision systems are insensitive to the scale of objects in natural scenes, so it is important to study the multi-scale representation of features. Res2Net implements hierarchical multi-scale convolution in residual blocks, but its random grouping method affects the robustness and intuitive interpretability of the network. We propose a new multi-scale convolution model based on multiple attention. It introduces the attention mechanism into the structure of a Res2-block to better guide feature expression. First, we adopt channel attention to score channels and sort them in descending order of the feature’s importance (Channels-Sort). The sorted residual blocks are grouped and intra-block hierarchically convolved to form a single attention and multi-scale block (AMS-block). Then, we implement channel attention on the residual small blocks to constitute a dual attention and multi-scale block (DAMS-block). Introducing spatial attention before sorting the channels to form multi-attention multi-scale blocks(MAMS-block). A MAMS-convolutional neural network (CNN) is a series of multiple MAMS-blocks. It enables significant information to be expressed at more levels, and can also be easily grafted into different convolutional structures. Limited by hardware conditions, we only prove the validity of the proposed ideas through convolutional networks of the same magnitude. The experimental results show that the convolution model with an attention mechanism and multi-scale features is superior in image classification.
Anomaly Detection and Identification in Satellite Telemetry Data Based on Pseudo-Period
Authors: Jiang Haixu , Zhang Ke , Wang Jingyu , Wang Xianyu , Huang Pengfei
Published: December 2019

To effectively detect and identify the anomaly data in massive satellite telemetry data sets, the novel detection and identification method based on the pseudo-period was proposed in this paper. First, the raw data were compressed by extracting the shape salient points. Second, the compressed data were symbolized by the tilt angle of the adjacent data points. Based on this symbolization, the pseudo-period of the data was extracted. Third, the phase-plane trajectories corresponding to the pseudo-period data were obtained by using the pseudo-period as the basic analytical unit, and then, the phase-plane was divided into statistical regions. Finally, anomaly detection and identification of the raw data were achieved by analyzing the statistical values of the phase-plane trajectory points in each partition region. This method was verified by a simulation test that used the measured data of the satellite momentum wheel rotation. The simulation results showed that the proposed method could achieve the pseudo-period extraction of the measured data and the detection and identification of the anomalous telemetry data.
Compensation of Reactive Power and Unbalanced Power in Three-Phase Three-Wire Systems Connected to an Infinite Power Network
Authors: Blasco Pedro A. , Montoya-Mira Rafael , Diez José M. , Montoya Rafael , Reig Miguel J.
Published: December 2019

The compensation of an electrical system from passive compensators mainly focuses on linear systems where the consumption of charges does not vary significantly over time. In three-phase three-wire systems, when the network voltages are unbalanced, negative-sequence voltages and currents appear, which can significantly increase the total apparent power supplied by the network. This also increases the network losses. This paper presents a method for calculating the compensation of the positive-sequence reactive power and unbalanced powers caused by the negative-sequence line currents using reactive elements (coils and/or capacitors). The compensation is applied to three-phase three-wire linear systems with unbalanced voltages and loads, which are connected to an infinite power network. The method is independent of the load characteristics, where only the line-to-line voltages and line currents, at the point where compensation is desired, need to be known in advance. The solution obtained is optimal, and the system observed from the network behaves as one that only consumes the active power required by a load with a fully balanced current system. To understand the proposed method and demonstrate its validity, a case study of a three-phase three-wire linear system connected to an infinite power network with unbalanced voltages and currents is conducted.
Hydrogen Purity Analysis: Suitability of Sorbent Tubes for Trapping Hydrocarbons, Halogenated Hydrocarbons and Sulphur Compounds
Authors: Arrhenius Karine , Bohlen Haleh , Büker Oliver , de Krom Iris , Heikens Dita , van Wijk Janneke
Published: December 2019

The ISO 14687-2 standard sets requirements for the purity of the hydrogen that is delivered at refuelling stations. These specifications cover a wide range of impurities and include challenging measurements, mainly due to the very low levels of the required detection limits and the need for “total” measurements (total hydrocarbons, total sulphur compounds, halogenated compounds). Most of the compounds belonging to the species are organic. Thermal desorption often coupled with gas chromatography is a common speciation method used to determine the content of organic impurities. However, no existing sorbent tubes are sufficiently universal to trap all possible impurities; depending on the sorbents and the sampling volume, some compounds may irreversibly adsorb or may break through. It is therefore necessary to evaluate sorbents for the compounds targeted at the level required. In this study, the suitability of sorbent tubes for trapping organic impurities in hydrogen was investigated. Suitable sorbents were selected based on a literature review of suitable sorbent materials. Short-term stability studies for compounds among hydrocarbons, halogenated compounds and sulphur compounds on the selected sorbents have then been performed for storage periods of two weeks since this is the period typically required to complete the collection, transport and analysis of hydrogen samples. The study clearly shows that the method is promising for total species, even through the results show that not all of the compounds belonging to the three total species to be analysed when performing hydrogen purity analysis can be quantified on one unique sorbent. A multibed sorbent consisting of Tenax TA (weak), Carboxen 1003 (medium), Carbograph 1 (strong) is shown to be a versatile sorbent suitable for the three “total species”; only a few compounds from each family would need to be analysed using other analytical methods. This method proposed here for total species will not only provide a sum of concentrations, but also an identification of which compound(s) is/are actually present in the hydrogen.
Finite Element Modeling of Microstructural Changes in Hard Machining of SAE 8620
Authors: Caruso Serafino , Rotella Giovanna , Del Prete Antonio , Umbrello Domenico
Published: December 2019

Surface and subsurface microstructural characterization after machining operations is a topic of great interest for both academic and industrial research activities. This paper presents a newly developed finite element (FE) model able to describe microstructural evolution and dynamic recrystallization (DRX) during orthogonal hard machining of SAE 8620 steel. In particular, it predicts grain size and hardness variation by implementing a user subroutine involving a hardness-based flow stress and empirical models. The model is validated by comparing its output with the experimental results available in literature at varying the cutting speed, insert geometry and flank wear. The results show a good ability of the customized model to predict the thermo-mechanical and microstructural phenomena taking place during the selected processes.
Structural Anatomy of Tunnel Void Defect in Bobbin Friction Stir Welding, Elucidated by the Analogue Modelling
Authors: Tamadon Abbas , Pons Dirk , Clucas Don
Published: December 2019

The potential position for tunnel defect within the structure of bobbin-tool friction stir welds was studied by analogue modelling. The welding process was simulated on layered plasticine slabs instead, compared to the aluminum plates. Observations in the modelled structure showed a high possibility for a continuous channelled discontinuity, like a tunnel-shaped void defect, in the entry zone of the weld, which mirrors the metal welding. The anatomy of tunnel defect in the entry zone was explained according to the mechanics of material during the plastic deformation process.
Change-Point Analysis of Precipitation and Drought Extremes in China over the Past 50 Years
Authors: Liu Min , Liu Pengfei , Guo Ying , Wang Yanfang , Geng Xinxin , Nie Zhenlong , Yu Yang
Published: December 2019

Increases in climate extremes and their impacts have attracted global attention recently. In this study, the change-point years of precipitation extremes (PEs) and drought extremes (DEs) were investigated by Moving t-Test at 500 stations across the six regions in China. The detailed temporal change processes of them were demonstrated by the cumulative deviation method based on the data from nine typical stations. The results showed that: 1) DEs were more significantly and widely increased than PEs, the stations with increasing trends of PEs and DEs accounted for greater than 52.6% and 61.6% of the total, respectively; 2) increasing trends of DEs were mainly distributed in the east of Hu Huanyong Line. In this area, the increasing change-point years of DEs often occurred in the early 1980s in the south of the Yangzi River, while occurred in the 1990s in the north of the Yangzi River; 3) increasing trends of PEs were mainly distributed in Qing-Tibet Platen, Northwest China, and the southeastern area of Hu Huanyong Line. In these areas, the increasing change-point years of PEs often occurred around 1990 in the southeast of Hu Huanyong Line, while often occurred in the early 1980s in Qing-Tibet Platen. The results indicated that the area in the southeast of Hu Huanyong Line was under the threats of both PEs and DEs, this may produce severe impacts on agriculture, environment, water resources management, human society, etc.
Inoculum Source Determines Acetate and Lactate Production during Anaerobic Digestion of Sewage Sludge and Food Waste
Authors: Moestedt Jan , Westerholm Maria , Isaksson Simon , Schnürer Anna
Published: December 2019

Acetate production from food waste or sewage sludge was evaluated in four semi-continuous anaerobic digestion processes. To examine the importance of inoculum and substrate for acid production, two different inoculum sources (a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and a co-digestion plant treating food and industry waste) and two common substrates (sewage sludge and food waste) were used in process operations. The processes were evaluated with regard to the efficiency of hydrolysis, acidogenesis, acetogenesis, and methanogenesis and the microbial community structure was determined. Feeding sewage sludge led to mixed acid fermentation and low total acid yield, whereas feeding food waste resulted in the production of high acetate and lactate yields. Inoculum from WWTP with sewage sludge substrate resulted in maintained methane production, despite a low hydraulic retention time. For food waste, the process using inoculum from WWTP produced high levels of lactate (30 g/L) and acetate (10 g/L), while the process initiated with inoculum from the co-digestion plant had higher acetate (25 g/L) and lower lactate (15 g/L) levels. The microbial communities developed during acid production consisted of the major genera Lactobacillus (92–100%) with food waste substrate, and Roseburia (44–45%) and Fastidiosipila (16–36%) with sewage sludge substrate. Use of the outgoing material (hydrolysates) in a biogas production system resulted in a non-significant increase in bio-methane production (+5–20%) compared with direct biogas production from food waste and sewage sludge.
Characterization of the Prion Protein Binding Properties of Antisense Oligonucleotides
Authors: Reidenbach Andrew G. , Minikel Eric Vallabh , Zhao Hien T. , Guzman Stacy G. , Leed Alison J. , Mesleh Michael F. , Kordasiewicz Holly B. , Schreiber Stuart L. , Vallabh Sonia M.
Published: December 2019

Antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) designed to lower prion protein (PrP) expression in the brain through RNase H1-mediated degradation of PrP RNA are in development as prion disease therapeutics. ASOs were previously reported to sequence-independently interact with PrP and inhibit prion accumulation in cell culture, yet in vivo studies using a new generation of ASOs found that only PrP-lowering sequences were effective at extending survival. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) PrP has been proposed as a pharmacodynamic biomarker for trials of such ASOs, but is only interpretable if PrP lowering is indeed the relevant mechanism of action in vivo and if measurement of PrP is unconfounded by any PrP–ASO interaction. Here, we examine the PrP-binding and antiprion properties of ASOs in vitro and in cell culture. Binding parameters determined by isothermal titration calorimetry were similar across all ASOs tested, indicating that ASOs of various chemistries bind full-length recombinant PrP with low- to mid-nanomolar affinity in a sequence-independent manner. Nuclear magnetic resonance, dynamic light scattering, and visual inspection of ASO–PrP mixtures suggested, however, that this interaction is characterized by the formation of large aggregates, a conclusion further supported by the salt dependence of the affinity measured by isothermal titration calorimetry. Sequence-independent inhibition of prion accumulation in cell culture was observed. The inefficacy of non-PrP-lowering ASOs against prion disease in vivo may be because their apparent activity in vitro is an artifact of aggregation, or because the concentration of ASOs in relevant compartments within the central nervous system (CNS) quickly drops below the effective concentration for sequence-independent antiprion activity after bolus dosing into CSF. Measurements of PrP concentration in human CSF were not impacted by the addition of ASO. These findings support the further development of PrP-lowering ASOs and of CSF PrP as a pharmacodynamic biomarker.
High Levels of Glutaminase II Pathway Enzymes in Normal and Cancerous Prostate Suggest a Role in ‘Glutamine Addiction’
Authors: Dorai Thambi , Dorai Bhuvaneswari , Pinto John T. , Grasso Michael , Cooper Arthur J. L.
Published: December 2019

Many tumors readily convert l-glutamine to α-ketoglutarate. This conversion is almost invariably described as involving deamidation of l-glutamine to l-glutamate followed by a transaminase (or dehydrogenase) reaction. However, mammalian tissues possess another pathway for conversion of l-glutamine to α-ketoglutarate, namely the glutaminase II pathway: l-Glutamine is transaminated to α-ketoglutaramate, which is then deamidated to α-ketoglutarate by ω-amidase. Here we show that glutamine transaminase and ω-amidase specific activities are high in normal rat prostate. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that glutamine transaminase K (GTK) and ω-amidase are present in normal and cancerous human prostate and that expression of these enzymes increases in parallel with aggressiveness of the cancer cells. Our findings suggest that the glutaminase II pathway is important in providing anaplerotic carbon to the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, closing the methionine salvage pathway, and in the provision of citrate carbon in normal and cancerous prostate. Finally, our data also suggest that selective inhibitors of GTK and/or ω-amidase may be clinically important for treatment of prostate cancer. In conclusion, the demonstration of a prominent glutaminase II pathway in prostate cancer cells and increased expression of the pathway with increasing aggressiveness of tumor cells provides a new perspective on ‘glutamine addiction’ in cancers.
Functional Analysis of DNMT3A DNA Methyltransferase Mutations Reported in Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Khrabrova Daria A. , Loiko Andrei G. , Tolkacheva Anastasia A. , Cherepanova Natalia A. , Zvereva Maria I. , Kirsanova Olga V. , Gromova Elizaveta S.
Published: December 2019

In mammals, DNA methylation is necessary for the maintenance of genomic stability, gene expression regulation, and other processes. During malignant diseases progression, changes in both DNA methylation patterns and DNA methyltransferase (MTase) genes are observed. Human de novo MTase DNMT3A is most frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with a striking prevalence of R882H mutation, which has been extensively studied. Here, we investigate the functional role of the missense mutations (S714C, R635W, R736H, R771L, P777R, and F752V) found in the catalytic domain of DNMT3A in AML patients. These were accordingly mutated in the murine Dnmt3a catalytic domain (S124C, R45W, R146H, R181L, P187R, and F162V) and in addition, one-site CpG-containing DNA substrates were used as a model system. The 3–15-fold decrease (S124C and P187R) or complete loss (F162V, R45W, and R146H) of Dnmt3a-CD methylation activity was observed. Remarkably, Pro 187 and Arg 146 are not located at or near the Dnmt3a functional motives. Regulatory protein Dnmt3L did not enhance the methylation activity of R45W, R146H, P187R, and F162V mutants. The key steps of the Dnmt3a-mediated methylation mechanism, including DNA binding and transient covalent intermediate formation, were examined. There was a complete loss of DNA-binding affinity for R45W located in the AdoMet binding region and for R146H. Dnmt3a mutants studied in vitro suggest functional impairment of DNMT3A during pathogenesis.
Suppression of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Progression through FOXM1 and EMT Inhibition via Hydroxygenkwanin-Induced miR-320a Expression
Authors: Chou Li-Fang , Chen Chi-Yuan , Yang Wan-Hua , Chen Chin-Chuan , Chang Junn-Liang , Leu Yann-Lii , Liou Miaw-Jene , Wang Tong-Hong
Published: December 2019

Daphne genkwa, a Chinese medicinal herb, is used frequently in Southeast Asian countries to treat diseases; the flavonoid hydroxygenkwanin (HGK) is extracted from its flower buds. The bioactivity of HGK, particularly as an anti-liver cancer agent, has not been explored. In this study, human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cell lines and an animal xenograft model were employed to investigate both the activity of HGK against liver cancer and its cellular signaling mechanisms. HCC cells treated with HGK were subjected to cell function assays. Whole transcriptome sequencing was used to identify genes whose expression was influenced by HGK, and the flavonoid’s cancer suppression mechanisms were further investigated through gain- and loss-of-function assays. Finally, in vitro findings were tested in a mouse xenograft model. The data showed that HGK induced the expression of the microRNA miR-320a, which in turn inhibited the expression of the transcription factor ‘forkhead box protein M1’ (FOXM1) and downstream FOXM1-regulated proteins related to epithelial–mesenchymal transition, thereby leading to the suppression of liver cancer cell growth and invasion. Significant inhibition of tumor growth was also observed in HGK-treated mice. Hence, the present study demonstrated the activity of HGK against liver cancer and validated its potential use as a therapeutic agent.
Nanomaterials for Biosensing Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Sondhi Palak , Maruf Md Helal Uddin , Stine Keith J.
Published: December 2019

Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are endotoxins, hazardous and toxic inflammatory stimulators released from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, and are the major cause of septic shock giving rise to millions of fatal illnesses worldwide. There is an urgent need to identify and detect these molecules selectively and rapidly. Pathogen detection has been done by traditional as well as biosensor-based methods. Nanomaterial based biosensors can assist in achieving these goals and have tremendous potential. The biosensing techniques developed are low-cost, easy to operate, and give a fast response. Due to extremely small size, large surface area, and scope for surface modification, nanomaterials have been used to target various biomolecules, including LPS. The sensing mechanism can be quite complex and involves the transformation of chemical interactions into amplified physical signals. Many different sorts of nanomaterials such as metal nanomaterials, magnetic nanomaterials, quantum dots, and others have been used for biosensing of LPS and have shown attractive results. This review considers the recent developments in the application of nanomaterials in sensing of LPS with emphasis given mainly to electrochemical and optical sensing.