bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perfil do manejo da cultura de milho no sudoeste do Paraná
Authors: Martin Thomas Newton , Venturini Tiago , Api Ivandro , Pagnoncelli Andrei , Vieira Júnior Pedro Abel
Published: February 2014

Esse trabalho teve por objetivo caracterizar o sistema produtivo da cultura do milho no sudoeste do Paraná, para subsidiar programas de Pesquisa & Desenvolvimento, além de transferência de tecnologias regionais. A pesquisa foi realizada durante os anos de 2007 e 2008, sendo baseada na aplicação de um questionário para 305 produtores de milho e residentes em alguns municípios da região sudoeste do Paraná. Os questionários possuíam questões referentes às características do manejo da cultura e sobre a propriedade rural. Verificou-se que muitos agricultores não realizam todas as práticas adequadas de manejo, necessárias para um desenvolvimento sustentável da cultura do milho. Os principais manejos que interferem na produção de milho são a deficiência hídrica e controle de plantas daninhas, pragas e doenças. Como aspectos positivos aparece a aquisição de sementes certificadas pela maioria dos agricultores; porém, o nível tecnológico não acompanha as exigências genéticas das bases genéticas dos híbridos mais escolhidos pelos agricultores. Contudo, os agricultores estão interessados na realização de cursos de capacitação e na integração com a Universidade e com os órgãos de extensão.
Modelo agrometeorológico-espectral de estimativa de rendimento de grãos de trigo no Rio Grande do Sul
Authors: Junges Amanda Heemann , Fontana Denise Cybis
Published: February 2014

Este trabalho teve como objetivo construir uma regressão linear múltipla, empregando variáveis agrometeorológicas e espectrais, para estimativa de rendimento de grãos de trigo, em municípios pertencentes à região de atuação da Cooperativa Cotrijal (norte do Rio Grande do Sul). Para isso, foram empregados dados de rendimento (1991 a 2006), dados agrometeorológicos mensais (1991 a 2006) e dados espectrais (imagens NDVI/MODIS, 2000 a 2006). Foi analisada existência de aumento significativo no rendimento de grãos, decorrente da incorporação de novas tecnologias (tendência tecnológica). Para escolha das variáveis independentes da regressão linear, foi analisada a correlação dos dados agrometeorológicos e espectrais com os dados de rendimento. Definidas as variáveis, foi construída uma regressão linear múltipla de estimativa de rendimento de grãos de trigo. Os resultados mostraram que não houve aumento significativo no rendimento de grãos de trigo da Cotrijal, no período analisado. Foram escolhidas as seguintes variáveis independentes para construção da regressão linear múltipla: precipitação pluvial (outubro), índice de dano por geadas (setembro), graus-dia (acumulados de maio a outubro) e índice de vegetação por diferença normalizada (integrado de junho a outubro). As regressões lineares múltiplas apresentaram resultados satisfatórios, com erros de estimativa inferiores a 10%, na maior parte dos anos analisados. As características de precisão, fácil execução e baixo custo das regressões apontaram para possibilidade de uso conjunto de dados agrometeorológicos e espectrais, na estimativa de rendimento de grãos de trigo. Mais estudos são necessários para verificação dos resultados dos modelos, quando da incorporação de uma série mais longa de dados espectrais.
Produção de milho-verde em resposta ao efeito residual da adubação orgânica do quiabeiro em cultivo subsequente
Authors: Santos Marlei Rosa dos , Sediyama Maria Aparecida Nogueira , Santos Izabel Cristina dos , Salgado Luís Tarcísio , Vidigal Sanzio Mollica
Published: February 2014

A rotação de culturas é uma prática essencial, no cultivo de hortaliças, para controle de pragas e doenças e tem sido usada, também, visando ao aproveitamento dos resíduos de adubação. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar o efeito residual da adubação orgânica, aplicada na cultura do quiabo, sobre o rendimento de espigas de milho-verde em cultivo subsequente. O quiabeiro foi plantado com duas populações de plantas e adubado com biofertilizante líquido de suínos, nas doses: 0, 6, 12, 24, e 48 m³ ha-1. Após a retirada dos restos culturais do quiabeiro, sementes de milho híbrido AG 1051 e da variedade UFVM 100 foram semeadas, em linhas duplas, no espaçamento de 1,0 m x 0,40 m e 0,25 m entre plantas após o desbaste. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições, no esquema fatorial 2 x 5, sendo dois cultivares de milho e resíduo de cinco doses de biofertilizante. O resíduo da adubação com biofertilizante de suínos em quiabeiro não foi suficiente para nutrir as plantas de milho-verde; consequentemente obteve-se baixa produtividade comercial. O plantio do milho-verde em sucessão ao quiabeiro, visando à rotação de culturas e aproveitamento de resíduos orgânicos, é promissor, sendo necessária adubação complementar de cobertura, para suprimento de N e K. O híbrido AG 1051 apresentou maior altura de plantas, número e produtividade de espigas comerciais despalhadas e peso médio de espigas comerciais. A variedade UFVM100 apresentou maior teor de P e K nas folhas, número de espigas com palha, número e produtividade de espigas não comerciais despalhadas.
Eficiência de absorção e utilização de boro, zinco, cobre e manganês em mudas enxertadas de cafeeiro
Authors: Tomaz Marcelo Antonio , Martinez Hermínia Emilia Prieto , Rodrigues Wagner Nunes , Ferrari Rafael Binda , Pereira Antônio Alves , Sakiyama Ney Sussumu
Published: February 2014

O estudo da eficiência nutricional de plantas enxertadas de cafeeiro é importante para a seleção de combinações enxerto/porta-enxerto, visando atingir melhor desenvolvimento e produção. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar as diferenças na eficiência de absorção e utilização de B, Zn, Cu e Mn em mudas enxertadas de cafeeiro. O experimento foi conduzido em vasos de 20 litros contendo como substrato terra, areia e esterco na proporção de 3:1:1, onde as plantas permaneceram por um período de 18 meses. Utilizaram-se como enxerto quatro genótipos de Coffea arabica L.: os cultivares Catuaí-Vermelho IAC 15 ('Catuaí 15') e Oeiras MG 6851 ('Oeiras') e os híbridos H419-10-3-4-4 ('H419') e H514-5-5-3 ('H514') do programa de melhoramento da EPAMIG/UFV. Como porta-enxerto foram empregados cinco progênies de famílias de meio-irmãos de clones de Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froenher cv. Conilon: ES 21, ES 36, ES 26, ES 23 e ES 38 do programa de melhoramento de café robusta do Incaper. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado, com 24 tratamentos e três repetições, sendo quatro pés-francos e 20 combinações de enxertia. A eficiência nutricional das plantas variou conforme a combinação enxerto/porta-enxerto. O cultivar Oeiras não foi beneficiado por nenhuma enxertia, apresentando redução da produção total de matéria seca em todas as combinações comparativamente ao respectivo pé-franco. O cultivar Catuaí 15 foi mais eficiente na produção de matéria seca e utilização de B e Zn quando combinado com os materiais genéticos de conilon ES 26 e ES 23.
Efeito da adubação nitrogenada na produção de mudas de lichieira
Authors: Smarsi Ronny Clayton , Oliveira Gabriella Ferreira de , Reis Luis Lessi Dos , Chagas Edvan Alves , Pio Rafael , Mendonça Vander , Chagas Pollyana Cardoso , Curi Paula Nogueira
Published: February 2014

Devido à falta de informações sobre a aplicação de nitrogênio na produção de mudas de licheira na fase de viveiro, o experimento foi conduzido em viveiro no município de Urânia-SP (20°11' 25,4'' S e 50° 37' 42,9'' O). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos ao acaso, com cinco tratamentos, que consistiram em doses de nitrogênio aplicadas na forma de uréia (45% de N) (0, 800, 1.600, 2.400, 3.200 mg dm-³ de substrato) com quatro repetições e dez plantas por parcela. Após 104 dias do início do experimento, foi avaliado o comprimento da parte aérea e do sistema radicular, número de folhas e o teor de clorofila. Houve efeito significativo das doses de N apenas para comprimento da parte aérea e teor de clorofila. Na adubação nitrogenada de mudas de licheira, a dose de 2.188,33 mg dm-³ de N no substrato proporcionou o maior comprimento da parte aérea das plantas. O teor de clorofila nas folhas das mudas de lichia aumentou linearmente com o aumento das doses de nitrogênio.
Survey of helminth parasites of cats from the metropolitan area of Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil
Authors: Ramos Dirceu Guilherme de Souza , Scheremeta Renatha Gabrielly Alves da Cruz , Oliveira Anderson Castro Soares de , Sinkoc Afonso Lodovico , Pacheco Richard de Campos
Published: February 2014

Besides presenting zoonotic potential, helminths of cats are responsible for gastrointestinal, hepatic, and pulmonary diseases. In order to identify the helminthic fauna, prevalence, mean intensity of parasitism (MIP), and mean abundance population (MAP), 146 cats from the metropolitan area of Cuiabá, Midwestern Brazil, were necropsied. In 98 these animals, 12 species of helminths were identified, comprising (species, prevalence, MIP, and MAP, respectively): nematodes (Ancylostoma braziliense[50,68% - 53,64 - 27,18], Ancylostoma tubaeforme [10,27% - 3,6 - 0,37],Toxocara cati [4,11% - 28,33 - 1,16],Physaloptera praeputialis [2,05% - 6,67 - 0,14], Capillaria feliscati [3,42% - 7,4 - 0,25], and Aelurostrongylus abstrusus[1,37%]); cestodes (Spirometra mansonoides[4,11% - 2,0 - 0,08], Dipylidium caninum[3,42% - 5,2 - 0,18], and Taenia taeniformis[0,68% - 1,0 - 0,01]); trematodes (Platynosomum fastosum [26,03% - 179,53 - 46,73]); acanthocephalans (Centrorhynchus erraticus [3,42% - 3,2 - 0,11]). Ancylostoma spp., and P. fastosum were the most prevalent with the highest MIP and MAP. We observed the presence of species of helminths with zoonotic potential. This is the first time cats parasitized with Centrorhynchus erraticusare reported in the Americas. That genus is commonly observed in wild animals.
Prevalence and risk factors associated to ovine toxoplasmosis in northeastern Brazil
Authors: Mendonça Carlos Eduardo D'Alencar , Barros Sílvia Letícia Bomfim , Guimarães Vitor Andrade Accioly , Ferraudo Antonio Sergio , Munhoz Alexandre Dias
Published: February 2014

In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated to Toxoplasma gondii infection in sheep from northeastern Brazil. A total of 932 ovine serum samples from 54 properties in 19 municipalities of the state of Sergipe were collected and assayed using indirect fluorescent antibody test. The assay used antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (IFAT-IgG) with a cutoff point of 1:64. We observed that 28.22% (263/932) of the ovine samples were serum-reactive. In a logistic regression, factors such as consumption of water directly from the source, consumption of water from a deep well, and age below 12 months were associated with protection; whereas factors such as presence of cats on the property, presence of slatted floor, and use of exchanged or borrowed breeding males were associated with infection. The studied area can be considered endemic for toxoplasmosis, so it is necessary to adopt preventive and control measures because this zoonotic infection poses risks to public health.
Immune response of calves inoculated with proteins ofAnaplasma marginale bound to an immunostimulant complex
Authors: Gasparini Marcela Ribeiro , Vieira Rafael Felipe da Costa , Nascimento Denise Amaral Gomes do , Garcia João Luis , Vidotto Odilon , Vidotto Marilda Carlos
Published: February 2014

Despite our current knowledge of the immunology, pathology, and genetics of Anaplasma marginale, prevention in cattle is currently based on old standbys, including live attenuated vaccines, antibiotic treatment, and maintaining enzootic stability in cattle herds. In the present study, we evaluated the use of an immunostimulant complex (ISCOMATRIX) adjuvant, associated with a pool of recombinant major surface proteins (rMSP1a, rMSP1b, rMSP4 and rMSP5) to improve the humoral immune response triggered in calves mainly by IgG2. Ten calves were divided in three groups: 4 calves were inoculated with the ISCOMATRIX/rMSPs (G1); 2 calves were inoculated with ISCOMATRIX adjuvant (G2); and 4 calves received saline (G3). Three inoculations were administered at 21-day intervals. In G1, the calves showed significant increases in total IgG, IgG1 and IgG2 levels 21 days after the second inoculation, compared to the control group (p < 0.05), and G1 calves remained above the cut-off value 28 days after the third inoculation (p < 0.05). The post-immunized sera from calves in G1 reacted specifically for each of the rMSPs used. In conclusion, the ISCOMATRIX/rMSPs induced antigen-specific seroconversion in calves. Therefore, additional testing to explore the protection induced by rMSPs, both alone and in conjunction with proteins previously identified as subdominant epitopes, is warranted.
New record, host and localities of bat mite of genusChirnyssoides (Acari, Sarcoptiformes, Sarcoptidae)
Authors: Lourenço Elizabete Captivo , Pinheiro Michele da Costa , Faccini João Luis Horácio , Famadas Kátia Maria
Published: February 2014

Chirnyssoides parasitizes the anterior and posterior edges of bat wing membranes. Possibly due to a lack of studies, its distribution is believed to be restricted to a few countries of Central and South America, but its actual range is probably wider. The purpose of this paper is to report the presence of Chirnyssoides amazonae on the bat Carollia perspicillata in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and to present a checklist of hosts and localities for Chirnyssoides. Eleven females and 22 egg clusters of C. amazonae were collected from 11 individuals of C. perspicillata captured in Tinguá Biological Reserve using mist nets. Our search of the literature came up with 69 records of Chirnyssoides. There are reports ofChirnyssoides caparti, Chirnyssoides amazonae, Chirnyssoides brasiliensis andChirnyssoides phyllostomus in Brazil. This paper reports the first record of Chirnyssoides amazonae in the state of Rio de Janeiro and the second in Brazil, indicating that their known distribution extends to the south. There are records of C. amazonae andC. surinamensis parasitizing C. perspicillata, but this is the first record of C. amazonae on C. perspicillata in Brazil.
Calodium hepaticum (Nematoda: Capillariidae) in synanthropic rodents (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus) in Eastern Amazonia
Authors: Moreira Vera Lúcia Coimbra , Giese Elane Guerreiro , Silva Djane Clarys Baía da , Melo Francisco Tiago de Vasconcelos , Furtado Adriano Penha , Maldonado Jr Arnaldo , Santos Jeannie Nascimento dos
Published: February 2014

Calodium hepaticum (syn. Capillaria hepatica) is a trichurid nematode that parasitizes the hepatic parenchyma of rodents and other mammals. Infections in humans are rare, although they have been reported worldwide. A number of factors contribute to the distribution of this zoonosis, particularly the presence of dense populations of rodents associated with relatively poor urban environments, such as those found in parts of the northern Brazilian city of Belém in the eastern Amazon Basin. This study quantifiedCalodium infections in commensal synanthropic rodents in Belém. Rodents were captured in three neighborhoods characterized by poor public sanitation and the city's highest incidence of human leptospirosis. A total of 50 rodents were captured (26 Rattus rattus and 24 R. norvegicus), and 23 (10 R. rattus and 13R. norvegicus) presented macroscopic lesions typical ofC. hepaticum. Light microscopy of fresh samples and histological specimens permitted the identification of larvae and adult specimens containing numerous eggs with a double-striated shell and bipolar opercula with plugs. This is the first report of C. hepaticumin R. rattus and R. norvegicus from the Amazon Basin, and it shows a considerable risk of transmission to the local human population.
Susceptibility of Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus (Acari: Ixodidae) to pyrethroids and their associations in Pernambuco, Brazil
Authors: de Santana Breno Barros , Ramos Rafael Antonio Nascimento , Santana Marília de Andrade , Alves Leucio Cãmara , de Carvalho Gílcia Aparecida
Published: February 2014

The synthetic pyrethroids and their associations have been widely used for controlling Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus. The frequent use of acaricides has been inducing the development of resistance in the tick populations. The aim of this study was to assess the susceptibility of R. (B.)microplus populations to pyrethroids and their associations in the region of Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil. In addition, the level of information among farm owners regarding tick control measures was investigated. Ticks were collected directly from naturally infested dairy cattle in the region and were exposed to pyrethroids and their associations. At the same time, an epidemiological questionnaire was applied with the aim of investigating the level of information among the farmers. The results reported here indicate thatR. (B.) micropluspopulations in the dairy region of Garanhuns show resistance to pyrethroids and their associations, except when the product is associated with piperonyl butoxide. Regarding the results from the epidemiological survey, it was seen that there is a considerable lack of information among the farmers in relation to ixodid control measures. The level of ticks resistance to acaricides varied widely across the region studied. No alternative control programs have been implemented among these farms, thus demonstrating that there is a need for more information relating to the biology and control of R.(B.) microplus.
Ovary histology and quantification of hemolymph proteins of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus treated with Melia azedarach
Authors: Sousa Lorena Alessandra Dias de , Rocha Thiago Lopes , Sabóia-Morais Simone Maria Teixeira , Borges Lígia Miranda Ferreira
Published: February 2014

This study aimed to analyze ovary histology and quantify total protein in the hemolymph of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus females treated with hexane extracts from green fruits of Melia azedarach. Eight engorged females were immersed in the extract at 0.25% concentration, and eight in water containing 5% acetone (control). The females were dissected 72 hours after treatment, and the ovaries were weighed and subjected to standard histological techniques. The total protein concentration was measured in the hemolymph of 200 females, of which 100 were treated as described above and 100 served as a control. In the treated group, ovary weight reduction and predominance of immature oocytes were observed. In addition, there were decreases in the diameters of the cytoplasm and germ vesicle of the oocytes in the treated group, compared with the controls. The protein concentration in the hemolymph was higher in the treated group than in the controls. The morphological changes observed in the treated ovaries included: presence of vacuolization; alteration of oocyte morphology, which changed from rounded to elongated; deformation of the chorion; and disorganization of the yolk granules. These results demonstrate the action ofM. azedarach fruit extracts on R.(B.) microplus oogenesis.
Quantification of Leishmania infantumDNA in the bone marrow, lymph node and spleen of dogs
Authors: Ramos Rafael Antonio Nascimento , Ramos Carlos Alberto do Nascimento , Santos Edna Michelly de Sá , Araújo Flábio Ribeiro de , Carvalho Gílcia Aparecida de , Faustino Maria Aparecida da Gloria , Alves Leucio Câmara
Published: February 2014

The aim of the present study was to quantify the parasite load ofLeishmania infantum in dogs using real-time PCR (qPCR). Bone marrow, lymph node and spleen samples were taken from 24 dogs serologically positive for L. infantum that had been put down by the official epidemiological surveillance service. According to the clinical signs the dogs were classified as asymptomatic or symptomatic. After DNA extraction, the samples were subjected to qPCR to detect and quantify L. infantum DNA. Out of the 24 dogs, 12.5% (3/24) were classified as asymptomatic and 87.5% (21/24) as symptomatic. Real-time PCR detected L. infantum DNA in all the animals, in at least one biological sample. In particular, 100% of bone marrow and lymph node scored positive, whereas in spleen, the presence of DNA was detected in 95.9% (23/24). In addition, out of 24 animals, 15 were microscopically positive to amastigote forms of L. infantum in bone marrow. No statistical significant difference was found in the overall mean quantity of DNA among the different biological samples (P = 0.518). Considering each organ separately, there was 100% positivity in bone marrow and lymph nodes, while among the spleen samples, 95.9% (23/24) were positive. Regarding the different clinical groups, the overall mean parasite load varied significantly (P = 0.022). According to the results obtained, it was not possible determine which biological sample was most suitable tissue for the diagnosis, based only on the parasite load. Therefore, other characteristics such as convenience and easily of obtaining samples should be taken into consideration.
Seasonal distribution of gastrointestinal nematode infections in sheep in a semiarid region, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Souza Maria de Fátima de , Pimentel-Neto Manoel , Pinho André Luís Santos de , Silva Rízia Maria da , Farias Albeísa Cleyse Batista , Guimarães Marcos Pezzi
Published: February 2014

The objective of this study was to determine the seasonal distribution and gastrointestinal nematode parasite load in crossbred Santa Inês tracer lambs, and to correlate the rainfall during the study period with occurrences of parasitic infections. Sixty-four male tracer lambs between the ages of four and eight months were used in the study. Two tracer lambs were inserted into the herd every 28 days to determine the pattern of infective larvae available in the environment. Variation in the fecal egg count (FEC) of nematodes was observed at the study site, with many samples containing undetectable parasite loads during the dry season. The larvae identified in coprocultures wereHaemonchus sp., Trichostrongylus sp.,Cooperia sp., Strongyloides sp. andOesophagostomum sp. The nematodes recovered at necropsy were Haemonchus contortus, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Cooperia punctata, C. pectinata, Trichuris sp.,Oesophagostomum sp. and Skrajabinema ovis. The total number of larvae and the total number of immature and adult forms recovered from the tracers showed seasonal distributions that significantly correlated with the amount of rainfall received that month (p value ≅ 0.000 in all cases ). The species H. contortus was predominant in the herd and should be considered to be main pathogenic nematode species in these hosts under these conditions.
Relationship between clinical and pathological signs and severity of canine leishmaniasis
Authors: Ribeiro Raul Rio , Silva Sydnei Magno da , Fulgêncio Gustavo de Oliveira , Michalick Marilene Suzan Marques , Frézard Frédéric Jean Georges
Published: February 2014

Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a zoonotic disease that presents variable clinical and laboratory aspects. The aims of this study were to identify the main biochemical/hematological status of dogs naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and to associate theses parameters with clinical forms of CVL. Blood samples were analyzed from 51 dogs, 15 uninfected (control group) and 36 infected, which were classified clinically in three groups: asymptomatic (n=12), oligosymptomatic (n=12) and symptomatic (n=12). All the infected dogs showed lower albumin/globulin ratios (A-G ratio) than the limit of reference. The mean values of total protein, urea, α-globulin 2, globulin and A-G ratio of infected dogs were outside the reference interval and differed significantly from those of the controls. Anemia was detected only in groups that showed clinical signs of the disease, and a statistical analysis indicated a significantly higher frequency of lower eritrogram in these groups than in the asymptomatic group. In addition, a significant association was observed between anemia and the presence of the symptoms, with dogs displaying higher erythrogram values showing better clinical conditions. These results provide additional evidence that the clinical forms of CVL may reflect on the erythrogram status.
Characterization of the pyrethroid resistance profile of Rhipicephalus (Boophilus)microplus populations from the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
Authors: Mendes Márcia Cristina , Duarte Fernanda Calvo , Martins João Ricardo , Klafke Guilherme Marcondes , Fiorini Leonardo Costa , Barros Antônio Thadeu Medeiros de
Published: February 2014

Cattle ticks Rhipicephalus(Boophilus) microplus are mainly controlled in Brazil by means of acaricide products, without any official policies in this regard. Acaricides continue to be sold indiscriminately, and this has contributed towards making the problem of resistance widespread, thus making diagnosis and monitoring of tick resistance essential. Here, bioassays (larval packet test) were performed on tick populations from the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Mato Grosso do Sul regarding their susceptibility to cypermethrin, deltamethrin and flumethrin. All the tick samples tested showed resistance to cypermethrin (10) (resistance factor (RF) ranging from 5.6 to 80.3) and deltamethrin (10) (RF ranging from 2.4 to 83.1). Six out of eight populations were resistant to flumethrin (RF ranging from 3.8 to 8.2). PCR molecular analyses did not show any T2134A mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene, in any of the sampled populations. The results from this study highlight the critical status of resistance of the cattle tick to synthetic pyrethroids in the regions studied. Further studies are needed to identify the mechanisms responsible for the resistant phenotypes observed in the bioassays. This was the first detection of flumethrin resistance in Brazil.
Helminths of wild hybrid marmosets (Callithrix sp.) living in an environment with high human activity
Authors: Tavela Alexandre de Oliveira , Fuzessy Lisieux Franco , Silva Vinicius Herold Dornelas e , Silva Fernanda de Fátima Rodrigues da , Junior Moacir Carretta , Silva Ita de Oliveira , Souza Vanner Boere
Published: February 2014

The objective of this study was to identify the helminth fauna in hybrid, non-native marmosets, through analysis of fecal samples. The study involved 51 marmosets (genus Callithrix) from five groups living in places with levels of human impact in Viçosa-MG. The marmosets were caught using a multiple-entrance trap and were anaesthetized. Feces were collected, refrigerated and analyzed by means of the sedimentation technique (Hoffmann-Pons-Janner). Eggs and parasites were identified, but not counted. Most of the marmosets (86%) were parasitized by at least one genus of helminths. Among the infected marmosets, 37% presented co-infection. The intestinal helminths comprised four different taxa: Primasubulura jacchi, Ancylostomatidae, Prosthenorchis sp. and Dilepididae.P. jacchi and Ancylostomatidae had higher prevalences (> 80% and > 40%, respectively) and were found in all marmoset groups. Dilepididae species were found in almost all the groups, but only accounted for around 30% of the marmosets. Prosthenorchis sp. showed a relatively low prevalence (< 10%) and was only found in one group. Although two parasites are commonly found in marmosets and other primates (P. jacchi and Prosthenorchis sp.), our study is the first record for Ancylostomatidae and Dilepididae. Factors like marmosets' feeding behavior and their contact with humans and other species of nonhuman primates seem to be determinants of infection among marmosets.
Occurrence of gastrointestinal and renal helminths inZenaida auriculata (Des Murs, 1847) trap-captured from Brazil
Authors: Taroda Alessandra , Barros Luiz Daniel de , Zulpo Dauton Luiz , Cunha Ivo Alexandre Leme da , Paiva Milaine Cristiane Dantas Custódio , Sammi Ana Sue , Santos Joeleni Rosa dos , Yamamura Milton Hissashi , Vidotto Odilon , Garcia João Luis
Published: February 2014

This study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal and renal helminths from naturally infected Zenaida auriculatacaptured in Londrina, Paraná State. Two hundred and one Eared doves were trapped and the gastrointestinal and renal helminths were collected and identified according to morphological structures. One hundred and sixteen (57.71%) doves were parasitized by helminths with specific prevalences forOrnithostrongylus quadriradiatus in 50 doves (24.88%),Ascaridia columbae in 47 (23.38%), Paratanaisia bragai and P. confusa in 34 (16.92%),Tetrameres fissispina in 17 (8.46%), Synhimantus nasuta in 14 (6.47%), Brachylaima mazzantii in 4 (1.99%) and Raillietina allomyodes in 2 doves (1.00%). Seventy four/201 (37.00%) birds were infected with only one species, and 96/201 (48.00%) pigeons were infected with nematodes. The association between different classes of helminths occurred in 40/201 (20.00%) animals. The results showed statistically differences between the presence of nematode (p = 0.00001) and trematode species (p ≤ 0.05) in the doves, and there was an association between the local of capture and the presence of trematodes and A. columbae (p ≤ 0.05). This study is the first to report the infection of Z. auriculata from Brazil with O. quadriradiatus, A. columbae, T. fissispina, S. nasuta, R. allomyodes, P. bragai and P. confusa.
Amblyomma cajennense infestation on horses in two microregions of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Pires Marcus Sandes , Santos Tiago Marques dos , Santos Huarrisson Azevedo , Vilela Joice Aparecida Rezende , Peixoto Maristela Peckle , Roier Erica Cristina Rocha , Silva Claudia Bezerra da , Barreira Jairo Dias , Lemos Elba Regina Sampaio de , Massard Carlos Luiz
Published: February 2014

The objective of this study was to evaluate factors associated with infestation by Amblyomma cajennense on horses in two microregions of the state of Rio de Janeiro. Horses on 62 farms in the municipalities of the Itaguaí and Serrana microregions were evaluated between January and May 2009. The animals were examined to determine the presence of ticks and infestation level. The animals' rearing and management were assessed on each farm property using an epidemiological questionnaire. Out of the 635 horses evaluated, 41.6% were infested with A. cajennense. It was observed that farms in low-altitude regions (OR=3.69; CI: 2.3-5.8), with unsatisfactory zootechnical and sanitary management (OR=5.92; CI: 3.8-9.2) and an extensive rearing system (OR=4.25; CI: 2.1-8.5) were factors associated with tick infestation (p < 0.05) and also with cases of high infestation on horses. Use of chemical acaricides on horses was also associated with infestation (p < 0.05); the owners described different therapeutic approaches with different treatment intervals. From the present study, low altitudes, unsatisfactory management, extensive rearing and inappropriate use of acaricide products were factors associated with occurrences of A. cajennense at different infestation levels on horses in these municipalities.
First record of Microlynchia pusilla(Diptera: Hippoboscidae) in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Silva Honara Morgana da , Pichorim Mauro
Published: February 2014

The present paper reports the occurrence of Microlynchia pusilla in the state of Rio Grande do Norte (RN) onLeptotila verreauxi approximans from a deciduous forest fragment located in the municipality of Macaíba. A specimen of L. v. approximans was collected in June 2012, wrapped in paper towels and kept under refrigeration in a plastic bag for later analysis of parasite fauna, taxidermy, and eventual storage in the Ornithological Collection of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). During the search for ectoparasites, a specimen of M. pusilla was found among feathers of the ventral region; it was collected and stored in the Entomological Collection ‘Adalberto Antônio Varela-Freire’ of the same university. This report extends the knowledge about geographical distribution and confirms the association of M. pusilla with hosts Columbiformes, contributing to the knowledge of the family Hippoboscidae in the country.
Canine visceral leishmaniasis and Chagas disease among dogs in Araguaína, Tocantins
Authors: Morais Arielle Nunes , Sousa Marlos Gonçalves , Meireles Luciana Regina , Kesper Jr. Norival , Umezawa Eufrosina Setsu
Published: February 2014

The present study analyzed serum samples from 111 male and female dogs of various ages from the municipality of Araguaína in the State of Tocantins, Brazil. Serological diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) was initially performed at the Central Laboratory (Laboratório Central – LACEN) of Araguaína, resulting in 61 positive samples by an indirect immunofluorescence assay (IIFA) (≥1:40) and 50 non-reactive samples. The same samples were analyzed at the São Paulo Institute of Tropical Medicine (Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo – IMTSP) by an enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA), resulting in 57 positive samples (51.35%) and 54 negative samples (48.64%). The Kappa coefficient of agreement between the tests was 0.74. The serum samples were also subjected to a diagnostic assay for Trypanosoma cruzi(Trypomastigote Excreted/Secreted Antigens -TESA-blot) that detected five suspect animals; three of those animals were positive for leishmaniasis by ELISA but negative by IIFA. These findings suggest that the canine population of Araguaína may be simultaneously infected withLeishmania chagasi and T. cruzi. The results obtained demonstrate the difficulty of using serology to detect CVL, thus emphasizing the necessity for a reference test to diagnose CVL, particularly in regions where the infection is endemic.
Effects of fine‐scale forest habitat quality on movement and settling decisions in juvenile pond‐breeding salamanders
Authors: Osbourn Michael S. , Connette Grant M. , Semlitsch Raymond D.
Published: February 2014

A better understanding of how individuals respond to variation in habitat quality while moving through heterogeneous habitats is needed to predict ecological phenomena at larger scales, such as local population and metapopulation dynamics. We sought to identify how fine‐scale habitat quality affects the decisions of juvenile pond‐breeding salamanders (Ambystoma maculatumandA. annulatum) to cease dispersive movements away from their natal pond, select a refuge, and settle. Because of the acute susceptibility of juvenile amphibians to evaporative water loss in terrestrial habitats, we predicted that they possess mechanisms for adjusting their behavior in response to variations in fine‐scale habitat quality. We used experimental field enclosures to isolate the effects of habitat quality on settling behavior and employed generalized linear mixed models to examine how manipulations in canopy cover (closed or open) and microhabitat (control, compacted soils, high coarse woody debris, high burrow density), along with environmental variables (rainfall and air temperature), affect the individual's probability of settling. Our results indicated thatA. maculatumandA. annulatumhad a 10% and 30% decreased probability of settling in open‐canopy clearcut habitat, respectively, compared to closed‐canopy forest habitat. In addition,A. annulatumwere 24% less likely to settle in compacted soil treatments. Although the settlement probability ofA. annulatumdid not depend on refuge availability,A. maculatumwere 18% and 25% more likely to settle under conditions of high burrow density and high coarse woody debris, respectively. These findings make a unique contribution to our understanding of amphibian movement ecology by demonstrating how the interplay of external factors and individual behavior produce observed patterns of movement and habitat selection.
Effect of habitat complexity attributes on species richness
Authors: St. Pierre Jasmine I. , Kovalenko Katya E.
Published: February 2014

Habitat destruction is a leading cause of biodiversity loss worldwide. Destruction involving structural simplification tends to be a large contributing factor to this loss as many studies have reported a positive relationship between habitat complexity and taxonomic richness. However, the aspects of complexity that are most important for this relationship are still unclear. We tested whether several attributes of complexity contribute significantly to the effects of habitat complexity on macroinvertebrate richness. We sampled macroinvertebrates associated with several species of macrophytes covering a wide complexity gradient in freshwater coastal wetlands. Macrophyte complexity was quantified by measuring vertical and horizontal interstitial distances. Multiple regression was used to assess the relative importance of complexity attributes including the overall complexity as a space size/frequency index, space‐size heterogeneity as the variation in space sizes, as well as the more commonly used macrophyte biomass, number of stems and the number of macrophyte species. Our results indicate that space‐size heterogeneity is a more important contributor to taxonomic richness than overall complexity and the other complexity attributes examined. The results of this study have implications for the use of this concept in habitat restoration by the enhancement of habitat structures.
Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Seed Calcium Content of Soybean
Authors: Orazaly M. , Chen P. , Zhang B. , Zeng A.
Published: February 2014

Calcium content is one of the determining characteristics of seed texture affecting soyfood quality. Seed with higher calcium content tends to have harder texture, which is not desirable for certain soyfood such as natto. Molecular markers and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed calcium will facilitate the development of elite cultivars with desired calcium content through marker assisted selection (MAS). The objectives of this study were to (i) identify new QTL and associated markers and (ii) confirm previously reported QTL for calcium content. A high calcium parent, PI 407818 B, was crossed with two low calcium parents, KS4303sp and PI 408052 C, creating two mapping populations with 120 and 124 progeny each. Mapping populations were screened with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and tested for calcium content. The F2:4 and F2:5 lines from the two populations were grown in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with two replications, at two Arkansas locations in 2 yr. Composite interval mapping (CIM) for SSR markers revealed a novel QTL Ca5 for seed calcium content that is located approximately at 13cM and linked to Sat_290 and Satt115 on chromosome 18 with a logarithm of the odds (LOD) score of 2.7. Single marker analysis revealed 13 markers for seed calcium content that are stable across environments on chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 7, 8, 18, and 20. Previously reported markers linked to QTL Ca1 (chr. 8), Ca3, and Ca4 (chr. 7) were confirmed in both populations, while Ca2 (chr. 20) was confirmed only in the population derived from KS4303sp × PI 407818 B. These confirmed and newly identified QTL with associated markers offer a potential tool for MAS for calcium content.
Effects of Sequential Application of Plant Growth Regulators and Osmoregulants on Drought Tolerance of Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera)
Authors: Burgess Patrick , Huang Bingru
Published: February 2014

Plant growth regulators and osmoregulants may be involved in protection against drought stress, but their additive effects are not well documented in turfgrass. The objective of this study was to determine physiological effects of trinexapac‐ethyl (TE) and glycine betaine on drought tolerance in creeping bentgrass (Agrostis stoloniferaL.) under field conditions. The experiment was conducted in 2010 and 2011 on mature field plots of creeping bentgrass cultivar 007 planted on a Nixon sandy loam soil. The application of TE before drought in conjunction with glycine betaine at drought onset and during water withholding significantly improved turf performance evaluated as turf quality (TQ) and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Enhanced turf performance was associated with greater osmotic adjustment promoting water retention in leaves and improved cellular membrane stability, indicating less membrane damage during drought stress. Furthermore, the combined TE plus glycine betaine treatment was more effective in maintaining high TQ during soil‐water deficit than when either TE or glycine betaine was applied alone. The results suggested that the sequential application of TE before drought onset and glycine betaine during water withholding effectively promoted creeping bentgrass tolerance to prolonged periods of drought stress. Cultural methods to maintain acceptable TQ with limited water resources are of major concern in the turfgrass industry, and this study provided promising results as to the effects of TE and glycine betaine for promoting creeping bentgrass drought tolerance.
Reassessment of Practical Subspecies Identifications of the USDA Daucus carota L. Germplasm Collection: Morphological Data
Authors: Spooner David M. , Widrlechner Mark P. , Reitsma Kathleen R. , Palmquist Debra E. , Rouz Slim , Ghrabi‐Gammar Zeineb , Neffati Mohamed , Bouzbida Béchir , Ouabbou Hassan , El Koudrim Mohammed , Simon Philipp W.
Published: February 2014

The genus Daucus includes about 20 recognized species. The most widespread and economically important species, Daucus carota L., occurs on almost every continent. The cultivated carrot, subsp. sativus (Hoffm.) Schübl. and G. Martens, has been selected from wild populations that are extremely diverse, especially in the western Mediterranean. The predominant outcrossing and the lack of sexual isolating mechanisms among recognized infraspecific taxa complicate the taxonomy and identification of the wild populations, resulting in widely different interpretations of the number of infraspecific taxa. We measured 36 morphological characters from multiple individuals within each of 155 accessions of D. carota and from the morphologically similar species D. capillifolius (both species 2n = 18) alongside other species for comparison (D. aureus Desf., 2n = 22; D. broteri Ten., 2n = 20; D. involucratus Sm., 2n = 20; and D. littoralis Sm., 2n = 20) in an experimental field plot. Within D. carota, multivariate analyses were able to identify only two subspecies, but even these showed great overlap of individual characters. Because of the ease of crossability of wild D. carota to the domestic landraces and cultivars and because of the taxonomic challenges, the purpose of our study is to explore morphological support for subspecies within D. carota, including the phenetically similar D. capillifolius, which is part of the same clade as D. carota, with the long‐term goal of resolving taxonomic disagreements and developing a practical system to classify variation within this economically important species.
A Possible Relationship Between Shoot N Concentration and the Sensitivity of N2 Fixation to Drought in Soybean
Authors: King C. Andy , Purcell Larry C. , Bolton Alejandro , Specht James E.
Published: February 2014

Nitrogen fixation in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is sensitive to drought, but genotypic differences in sensitivity exist. The establishment of a link between an easily measured phenotypic trait and genotypic differences in drought sensitivity of N2 fixation is crucial for screening large numbers of genotypes for drought tolerance. Previous work indicated that shoot N concentration of well‐watered soybean was related to differences among genotypes in relative N and biomass accumulation during drought. On the basis of USDA data for 2300 maturity group IV accessions, we requested seed for 175 accessions with good yield potential and low stem lodging scores. These accessions were evaluated under well‐watered conditions in field trials for shoot N concentration during reproductive development and for seed yield. Twelve accessions with good seed yield and extreme shoot N concentrations were evaluated in the growth chamber for acetylene reduction activity (N2 fixation) in response to soil drying. From the seven accessions selected for low shoot N concentration, we identified two high‐yielding accessions with drought‐tolerant N2 fixation. Genotypic differences for sensitivity of N2 fixation to soil drying were strongly correlated with the concentrations of shoot N and shoot ureides under well‐watered conditions and with concentrations of shoot ureides under drought conditions. These data indicate that shoot N concentrations of well‐watered plants may be useful as an initial screening tool for evaluating soybean genotypes for drought‐tolerant N2 fixation.
A Retrofit for Plot Drills to Enable Automated Seed Metering
Authors: Wiersma J.J. , Killam A.S. , Westhoff J.
Published: February 2014

A John Deere 5210 row‐crop tractor was retrofitted with John Deere Ag Management Solutions hardware and software components to gain auto guidance and to automate seed metering on an Almaco and Kincaid plot drill. The retrofit simplifies site preparation, increases planting speed by about one‐third, and allows plots to be trimmed to final length immediately following the seeding operation.
Ethephon Absorption and Transport Associated with Annual Bluegrass Inflorescence Suppression
Authors: McCullough Patrick E. , Sidhu Sudeep S.
Published: February 2014

Ethephon suppresses annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.) inflorescence, but physiological effects attributed to efficacy have received limited investigation. Experiments were conducted to evaluate application placement, absorption, distribution, and metabolism of ethephon associated with inflorescence suppression in annual bluegrass. Ethephon applications to the antepenultimate leaf reduced inflorescence length 38 to 63% from the nontreated, while applications to the flag leaf reduced length 67 to 93% from 7 to 28 d after treatment. Annual bluegrass treated with 14C‐ethephon at the flag leaf distributed ~7X more radioactivity to the inflorescence than applications to the antepenultimate leaf and ~2X more 14C into nontreated shoots after 72 h. Radioactivity distribution to roots was minimal (≤2%) for both application placements. Annual bluegrass reached 50% foliar absorption of 14C‐ethephon at 13 and 17 h after treatment to the antepenultimate and flag leaf, respectively. Annual bluegrass metabolized 14C‐ethephon after 1 d to a nonpolar metabolite in the flag leaf, but a different metabolite accounted for ≥88% of 14C recovered after 7 d. Results suggest ethephon absorption and transport from the flag leaf contributes to annual bluegrass inflorescence suppression more than lower leaves, while transport from the flag leaf is likely in the form of a metabolite.