bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How Personality and Policy Predict Pandemic Behavior: Understanding Sheltering-in-Place in 55 Countries at the Onset of COVID-19
Authors: Götz Friedrich Martin , Gvirtz Andrés , galinsky adam , Jachimowicz Jon
Published: September 2020

The spread of COVID-19 within any given country or community at the onset of the pandemic depended in part on the sheltering-in-place rate of its citizens. The pandemic led us to revisit one of psychology’s most fundamental and most basic questions in a high-stakes context: What determines human behavior? Adopting a Lewinian interactionist lens, we investigate the independent and joint effects of macro-level government policies and micro-level psychological factors—i.e., personality—on whether individuals sheltered-in-place. We analyzed data collected in late March and early April 2020 from 101,005 participants in 55 countries, a time period that coincided with the early and accelerating stage of the COVID-19 pandemic. This time period also contained substantial variation in the stringency of governmental policy towards sheltering-in-place, both between countries and within each country over time. Analyses revealed that personality and the stringency of governmental policies independently predicted sheltering-in-place rates. Policy stringency was positively related to sheltering-in-place. For the personality dimensions, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and neuroticism all predicted higher rates of sheltering-in-place, whereas extraversion was negatively related to staying at home. In addition, two personality traits—openness to experience and neuroticism—interacted with governmental policy to predict whether individuals sheltered-in-place; openness and neuroticism each had weaker effects on sheltering-in-place as governmental policies became stricter. Theoretically, the findings demonstrate that individual differences predict behavior (i.e., sheltering-in-place) even when governments take strong action targeting that behavior. Practically, they suggest that even if governments lift their shelter-in-place restrictions, some individuals will shelter-in-place less than others.
Model Evaluasi Sekolah Minggu Buddha
Authors: Girivirya Sulaiman
Published: September 2020

Model Evaluasi Sekolah Minggu Buddha (SMB) adalah model konseptual dalam melakukan evaluasi Pendidikan Sekolah Minggu Buddha (SMB) dengan tahapan context (konteks), Input (masukan), Process (Proses), dan Outcome (Luaran). Kerangka model SMB dikembangkan dari modifikasi model evaluasi Stufflebeam (1985) dengan penambahan unsur Outcome atau Luaran yang ada di SMB yaitu Orang tua.
The Awakened Parenting: Panduan Pendidikan Keorangtuaan Terhubung dengan Program Sekolah Minggu Buddha
Authors: Girivirya Sulaiman
Published: September 2020

Buku ini merupakan buku pegangan orang tua yang digunakan untuk membantu menjembatani antara Lembaga Sekolah Minggu Buddha (SMB) dengan orang tua siswa SMB dalam upaya pemahaman dan pelaksanaan pendidikan nilai-nilai Keagamaan Buddha yang berkelanjutan. Di harapkan buku ini dapat menfasilitasi penyelenggaraan pendidikan keagamaan Buddha di Indonesia, sehingga dengan demikian Direktorat Jenderal Bimas Buddha telah memberikan pelayanan dan pembinaan teknis kepada para orang tua dalam rangka mengoptimalkan upaya peningkatan kualitas pendidikan keagamaan Buddha di Indonesia.
A REVIEW OF BEHAVIOR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE DEEP BEAMS
Authors: Gatia Abtan Yaarub , Falah Hassan Hassan
Published: September 2020

Reinforced concrete deep beams are structural members having depth much greater than normal in relation to their span, while the thickness in the perpendicular direction is much smaller than either span or depth. The strength of deep beams is usually controlled by shear, rather than flexure. In this study, the previous researches related to reinforced concrete deep beams will be reviewed. These researches approximately started in the second half of the past century. Large numbers of researchers studied the behavior of concrete deep beams and the determination of their capacity. Some of these researches are experimental investigations carried out by testing a number of deep beams with variation in some parameters, while the others are theoretical to estimate deep beam capacity by developing some theories and suggestion of equations for calculating its capacity and comparisons were made with those adopted by some codes. Because of the large number of these researches, their review requires large part of this study, and because the prior studies elaborately reviewed the pioneer researches, only the researches made since year 2000 will be reviewed in this study.
Acanthocnemidae (Coleoptera), a family of beetles new to Russia
Authors: Kovalenko Ya.N.
Published: September 2020

Acanthocnemus nigricans (Hope, 1843), a single recent representative of the beetle family Acanthocnemidae, is reported from Russia for the first time. Distribution, probable ways of dispersion and the published data on the biology of A. nigricans are discussed.
Wolność sumienia i religii sprawców szczególnie niebezpiecznych (art. 88a i 88b k.k.w.)
Authors: Nikołajew Jerzy Marian
Published: September 2020

Wolność sumienia i religii należy do katalogu podstawowych praw człowieka. Jednak realizacja związanych z tym uprawnień w przypadku skazanych niebezpiecznych została ograniczona przez konieczność ich wykonywania w warunkach oddziału, w pomieszczeniach o wysokim stopniu zabezpieczenia ochronnego. Również kontakt skazanych niebezpiecznych z innymi osobami (w tym także duchownym) ograniczono w sposób maksymalny. Ustawodawca uznał, że stosowanie ograniczeń w realizacji uprawnień sprawców szczególnie niebezpiecznych jest potrzebne do zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa zakładu karnego. Jednak wprowadzone obostrzenia można także uznać za element nieludzkiego traktowania, zwłaszcza wówczas, gdy ich stosowanie jest niewspółmierne wobec zagrożenia więziennego bezpieczeństwa. Nadużycia mogą występować zwłaszcza wtedy, gdy administracja więzienna sama decyduje o skali istniejącego w więzieniu zagrożenia. Stąd też konieczne są zmiany przepisów Kodeksu karnego wykonawczego, polegające na wprowadzeniu szczegółowych unormowań dotyczących religijnych uprawnień skazanych niebezpiecznych.
THE CONCEPT OF ISLAMIC SPIRITUAL HAPPINESS (a Review of Nasaruddin Umar’s Thought)
Authors: Kerwanto Kerwanto
Published: September 2020

This article is a review of a book written by Nasaruddin Umar, titled “Doors towards Happiness: Learning 9 Art of Happy Life in the World and the Hereafter/ Pintu-Pintu Menuju Kebahagiaan: Belajar 9 Seni Hidup Bahagia di Dunia dan Akhirat”. This study aims to photograph his unique ideas about Spiritual Happiness. Then, the author offers it as a theoretical review of Islamic Psychology, in response to the problem of happiness in Western-modern psychology. Through this study, the author showed Nasaruddin Umar's influence on the views of some Sufis such as Ibn ‘Arabi and ‘AbdulKarim al-Jillī in interpreting happiness. In addition, the author seeks to map several important principles used as the foundation of theory, both theoretical and practical.
Kajian Tipologi terhadap Perubahan Elemen Fasad Ruko ditinjau dari Jenis Fungsi Layanan Kasus Studi: Ruko Paskal Hyper Square Bandung
Authors: Rahmi Marlisa , Sahputra Zulhadi , Nurdini Allis
Published: September 2020

Rumah toko (ruko) merupakan solusi ideal untuk fleksibilitas ruang usaha yang tinggi. Pemilik ruko atau pertokoan pada kawasan komersil umumnya melakukan pembaruan fasad sebagai upaya untuk menampilkan usaha mereka. Pemilik cenderung mengubah, menambah atau membongkar desain fasad ruko yang sudah ada, guna menunjukkan identitasnya melalui desain fasad ruko tersebut. Mengingat bahwa setiap investasi untuk merubah ruko bermakna in-efisiensi dalam rancangan, terlebih lagi terjadi dalam skala besar, maka diperlukan kajian lebih detil tentang perubahan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat karakter perubahan fasad ruko berdasarkan jenis fungsi yang diakomodasinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan kasus studi ruko yang ada di komplek Paskal Hyper Square. Data yang didapat, dianalisis dengan metode analisis tipologi, dimana perubahan-perubahan yang terjadi diidentifikasikan kedalam tiga tipologi, yakni; (1)Tipologi perubahan kecil; (2) Tipologi perubahan sedang; dan (3) Tipologi perubahan besar. Dari hasil analisis diketahui bahwa keseluruhan fungsi ruko mengalami perubahan. Elemen fasad yang dominan diubah adalah warna cat bangunan, serta perubahan yang dominan terhadap fasadnya terjadi pada jenis fungsi layanan penginapan. Kondisi ini menggambarkan bahwa adanya tendensi dari pengguna dalam melakukan perubahan pada elemen fasad untuk jenis fungsi tertentu. Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi masukan bagi pembuat kebijakan, pengembang dan praktisi dalam perencanaan desain fasad ruko di masa yang akan datang.
El concepto de libertad sindical
Authors: García Gómez Matías
Published: September 2020

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Hacia una nueva sociedad: humanismo marxista y antropología cristiana (II)
Authors: Díez Plácido , Herrero Velarde Ricardo
Published: September 2020

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La cooperación popular en el Perú
Authors: B. M.
Published: September 2020

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Análisis probabilístico de seguridad para laboratorio secundario de calibración dosimétrica
Authors: Ramírez Juan Guillermo , Sánchez Galindo Andrea , Garavito José Esaú , Castellanos María Esperanza
Published: September 2020

Se aplicó la metodología análisis probabilístico de seguridad para la cuantificación del riesgo radiológico asociado a la operación del irradiador del fabricante HopeWell modelo G-100 en el Laboratorio Secundario de Calibración Dosimétrica del Servicio Geológico Colombiano. El irradiador cuenta con una fuente radiactiva de 60Co con actividad nominal de 185 TBq, considerada una fuente extremadamente peligrosa para las personas, según el Organismo Internacional de Energía Atómica. El análisis contempló la identificación de los sucesos iniciadores mediante la metodología de diagramas lógicos maestros, la determinación de las secuencias accidentales y su frecuencia mediante árboles de fallo y la estimación de la magnitud de la consecuencia de cada secuencia accidental en función de la probabilidad de causar la muerte de un individuo asociada al escenario de exposición planteado. El riesgo cuantificado fue de 1,6 x 10–5 por año para una exposición mortal, que es inferior a la restricción establecida de 1,44 x 10–4 por año. Finalmente, se encontró que las disposiciones de protección y seguridad más críticas son las relacionas con la capacitación sobre el significado de las señales de advertencia del inicio de las secuencias de último hombre afuera (LMO, por su sigla en inglés) y de inicio de irradiación, seguidas por estas señales de advertencia.
Implementation of Modified Backpropagation with Conjugate Gradient as Microarray Data Classifier with Binary Particle Swarm Optimization as Feature Selection for Cancer Detection
Authors: Amrullah Muhammad Naufal Mukhbit , Adiwijaya Adiwijaya , Astuti Widi
Published: September 2020

Cancer is one of the deadliest diseases in the world that needs to be handled as early as possible. One of the methods to detect the presence of cancer cells early on is by using microarray data. Microarray data can store human gene expression and use it to classify cancer cells. But one of the challenges of using microarray is its vast number of features, not proportional to its small number of samples. To resolve that problem, dimensionality reduction is needed to reduce the number of features stored in microarray data. Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) is one of the methods to reduce dimensionality of microarray data that can increase classification performance. Although when combined with Backpropagation, BPSO still shows a relatively low performance. In this research, Modified Backpropagation with Conjugate Gradient is used to classify data that has been reduced with BPSO. The average accuracy result of BPSO+CGBP is 86.1%, giving it an improvement compared to BPSO+BP which averaged to 80.8%.
A Admissibilidade da Carta Psicografada como Meio de Prova no Processo Penal
Authors: Dantas Luciana de Moraes , Fonseca Kelly Serejo
Published: September 2020

O estudo ora exposto tem como propósito demonstrar a importância da admissibilidade da carta psicografada, dentro do ordenamento jurídico pátrio, como meio probatório documental no processo penal. As provas são de extrema magnitude para persuadir o magistrado a formar a sua convicção e definir a sentença, em especial no processo penal, posto que versa sobre direitos indisponíveis, especialmente a liberdade, doutrinariamente classificado como de primeira geração. Com a utilização da metodologia bibliográfica, prioriza-se neste estudo o desdobramento de alguns casos emblemáticos da justiça brasileira, nos quais a aceitação de cartas psicografadas influenciaram a absolvição dos réus. São estudados também o conceito de prova, seus princípios, em especial o princípio da verdade real, o conceito de espiritismo, de psicografia, da perícia grafotécnica e seu papel determinante para a validade da psicografia; e, por fim, a relevância do presente tema na evolução social do Direito Processual Penal. Conclui-se que, ad futurum, a legitimidade de recepção dessas provas seja indiscutível, principalmente quando o conteúdo delas for compatível com as demais provas apresentadas e delas depender o direito à liberdade do réu, que é um direito fundamental previsto constitucionalmente.
Annotations on the Relationship Among Discriminant Functions
Authors: Clement Adeyeye Awogbemi
Published: September 2020

Different forms of discriminant functions and the essence of their appearances were considered in this study. Various forms of classification problems were also considered, and in each of the cases mentioned, classification from simple functions of the observational vector rather than complicated regions in the higher-dimensional space of the original vector were made. Violation of condition of equal variance covariance matrix for Linear Discriminant Function (LDF) results to Quadratic Discriminant Function (QDF). The relationships among the classification statistics examined were established: The Anderson’s (W) and Rao’s (R) statistics are equivalent when the two sample sizes are equal, and when a constant is equal to 1, W, R and John-Kudo’s (Z) classification statistics are asymptotically comparable. A linear relationship is also established between W and Z classification statistics.
The Effect of Philosophical Inquiry Program in Improving Academic Participation Among Secondary Graders in Malaysia Arabic School
Authors: A. Al-Hidabi Dawood , H. Al-Arrja Mohammed , F. Abu owda Mohammed
Published: September 2020

This study aimed to identify the effect of a philosophical inquiry program in improving Academic participation among secondary graders in Malaysia Arabic School. Quasi-experimental approach was followed in this study. To achieve the study aim, the tool of the study were a philosophical inquiry (PI) and an academic participation questionnaire. The sample of the study was Twelfth graders in Saudi Arabia Schools in Kalu Lampour who were 39 students. The results of the study showed that there were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the secondary graders in improving Academic participation in favor of the post application of the tools.
Designing of an Indoor Visible Light Communication Transceiver for Data Transmission using White LED
Authors: Trung Ha Duyen , Tuan Do Trong
Published: September 2020

Abstract: In this paper, a prototype of full-duplex indoor  Visible  Light  Communication  (VLC) transceiver  is  designed  to  demonstrate  an  optical wireless  system  based  on  Universal  Serial  Bus (USB) port for data transmissions using white Light Emitting  Diode  (LED).  Based  on  VLC  technology, the  designed  system  consists  of  transmitters  and receivers can achieve data rate of 161.2 Kbps error free at the distance of 92 cm between two computers for  real-time  text  and  image  transmission  over indoor  environment.  Experiment  results  show  that for text transmission, symbol error rate (SER) does not  vary  data  rate  at  some  transmission  distances, whereas  for  image  transmission,  minimum  square error (MSE) and peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) indicate  that  the  received  image  and  transmitted image were almost similar.
SIMULAÇÃO REALÍSTICA COMO MÉTODO ATIVO DO APRENDER: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: De Souza Ana Maria Chavão Brito Lombardi , Nardini Carolina de Oliveira , De Souza Geraldo José Lombardi , Da Silva Ilda Cecília Moraes , Loureiro Lucrécia Helena
Published: September 2020

O presente estudo traz uma reflexão sobre as práticas das metodologias ativas de aprendizagem. Discorre sobre as expectativas de ensino em saúde a partir da simulação, como metodologia ativa. O objetivo será contribuir para prática docente do ensino em saúde sobre Metodologias Ativas de Aprendizagem, as simulações realísticas, como estratégia no processo ensino aprendizagem. A metodologia utilizada para o estudo foi a revisão integrativa, ferramenta metodológica que oferece a possibilidade de reunir e sintetizar resultados de estudos publicados sobre a temática, a prática baseada em evidências. Pensar pedagogicamente no ensino da saúde presume-se em ações complexas e dinâmicas, processo contínuo fundamentado no conhecimento e na experiência, que, não se limita ao conteúdo dos livros, mas, na relação entre teoria e prática. Acredita-se que as considerações e reflexões vinculadas na pesquisa sejam relevantes, trazendo perspectivas de aprendizagem e contribuição para o ensino de qualidade, incorporando novas tecnologias e métodos na prática do ensino.
EDUCAÇÃO E A ESTRUTURA DO PODER POLÍTICO
Authors: Maeda Lucas Keiji
Published: September 2020

"A educação sempre foi o instrumento chave da construção nacional de um novo estado" (GREEN, 2013)Nesse artigo irei abordar a importância da educação para a formação da legitimidade do estado. Definindo o significado de educação e sua função social, poderemos compreender o sentido e o motivo de sua criação. Com base na leitura de vários críticos da educação moderna dos séculos XX e XXI, comparo a proposta da educação enquanto a sua função com a realidade, abordando as relações de poder na escola, a inserção de ideologias no currículo, a força do currículo oculto, a estrutura escolar perante os estudantes, a burocratização do ensino e muitos outros fatores que moldam os indivíduos para agirem de determinada forma na sociedade. O foco do artigo é apresentar ao leitor a presença de um ensino voltado para a formação de profissionais para o mercado, criando pessoas egoístas, competitivas e ansiosas, excluindo assim uma formação voltada para a cidadania, para seres humanos criativos, críticos, autônomos e racionais, pois sem esses cinco fatores a dependência do indivíduo com o estado é maior, marcando a legitimidade das estruturas de poder.
FOTOGRAFIA MOLECULAR: O ENSINO DE LIGAÇÕES QUÍMICAS NUMA NOVA PERSPECTIVA
Authors: Guimarães Lucas Peres
Published: September 2020

Este relato de experiência apresenta uma proposta didática desenvolvida com estudantes do 9º ano do Ensino Fundamental II em uma escola municipal de Barra Mansa, Estado do Rio de Janeiro. O conteúdo de ligações químicas foi abordado ao longo do processo de produção de fotografias envolvendo a presença de algumas moléculas no cotidiano. Nessa proposta didática foi utilizado o material atomlig para que os alunos fizessem as moléculas e uma aula exploratória na escola para que pudessem registrar através de uma fotografia um momento em que a molécula escolhida estivesse presente. A análise do processo aponta para o potencial da estratégia em favorecer o envolvimento dos alunos com as atividades desenvolvidas, contribuindo para o avanço nas discussões da presença da química no seu cotidiano assim como o uso das redes sociais, dos próprios alunos, como recurso de divulgação científica da química.
PROPOSTA DIDÁTICA DIFERENCIADA SOBRE DINÂMICA COM ÊNFASE EM EXPERIMENTOS E HISTÓRIA DA CIÊNCIA
Authors: Carvalho Gedmar Santos , Augé Pierre Schwartz
Published: September 2020

O objetivo da presente pesquisa é investigar a potencialidade de uma proposta didática, baseada no uso de experimentos e na História da Ciência, para a aprendizagem dos princípios da dinâmica. A visão construtivista/humanista de Ausubel e Novak fundamenta a pesquisa. O produto foi aplicado em uma turma do 9º ano em uma escola pública de Macaé-RJ, segundo uma abordagem metodológica qualitativa, em específico, um estudo de caso. Os dados coletados permitem inferir um engajamento cognitivo satisfatório.
Sprawozdanie Departamentu Publikacji Nieperiodycznych Głównej Urzędu Kontroli Prasy, Publikacji i Widowisk z działalności w 1968 roku
Authors: Jarosz Dariusz
Published: September 2020

Prezentowany dokument dotyczy jednego z ważniejszych wydarzeń politycznych w Polsce komunistycznej – Marca 1968 r. Sprawozdanie pochodzi ze zbiorów Wydziału Kultury II KC PZPR i jest przechowywane w Archiwum Akt Nowych pod sygnaturą 1859. Dokument pokazuje jak szeroki był zasięg kontroli książek oraz czasopism literackich i naukowych w tym okresie i jak wydarzenia wewnątrzpolityczne wpływały na zwielokrotnioną czujność cenzorów, nawet wobec tych autorów, którzy nie występowali czynnie w 1968 roku przeciwko władzy.
Os significados do Projeto "Nova Sulanca" sob a ótica da teoria do discurso de Laclau e Mouffe
Authors: Sousa Jessica RF , Sá Marcio G
Published: September 2020

O Projeto Nova Sulanca, que previa “entrar para os anais da história da cidade de Caruaru” a partir da transferência da Feira da Sulanca de seu atual endereço, o Parque 18 de Maio, para as imediações das margens da BR-104 no sentido Caruaru-Toritama, evidenciou vozes de diferenciados sujeitos políticos a partir um antagonismo social entre os defensores de sua permanência e os adeptos de sua transferência. A partir da análise discursiva de variadas posições de sujeitos, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi captar os principais significados do Projeto “Nova Sulanca”, sob uma perspectiva crítica e pós-estruturalista, utilizando, para tanto, a abordagem da teoria do discurso de Laclau e Mouffe (1985) como lente teórica. Os principais significados emanados pelo “Projeto Nova Sulanca” disseram respeito a questões de infraestrutura e financiamento; competitividade e ganhos econômicos; partidarismo e interesses políticos. A análise das práticas articulatórias em torno do horizonte temporal estudado permitiram, ao final da pesquisa, vislumbrar uma possibilidade de futuro da famosa Feira como um significante vazio, ainda hoje disputado entre os que querem sua permanência ou a sua transferência.
The seasonality of 65 million births in Brazil – 1997-2018
Authors: Moreira Morvan de Mello , Fusco Wilson , Ferraz Cristiano
Published: September 2020

The seasonality of births has been a universal phenomenon worthy of attention since the XVIII century. Exhibiting a variety of forms, many times showing similar patterns in dissimilar societies, and dissimilar patterns in societies alike, there has never been a plausible unifying explanation for their behavior. Finding reasonable causes to understand birth seasonality worldwide is still a challenge. This paper intends to contribute to the discussion on birth seasonality in light of the Brazilian reality, analyzing data about 65,764,313 births from 1997 to 2018 in Brazil. This study investigates monthly birth seasonality, according to social-demographic characteristics of mothers (region, age, race/color, schooling, fertility, and marital status), adjusted to consider the same length for each month of the year. Brazil has two clear periods of birth peaks: the main one is observed in March, April, and May, due to winter conception. A second important peak is observed in September, related to conceptions in December. A clear valley is observed in November and December, due to summertime conceptions. In spite of the continental dimensions of Brazil, its climatic diversity and broad social differences, the Brazilian population presents the same temporal birth distribution, according to geographic spaces and population segments, due mainly to conceptions happening in the Brazilian winter season.
Movements of juvenile and sub-adult striped bass Morone saxatilis in the Saint John River, New Brunswick, Canada
Authors: Andrews SN , Linnansaari T , Leblanc NM , Pavey SA , Curry RA
Published: September 2020

Juvenile striped bass (age-1) of distinct genetic ancestry were re-discovered in the Saint John River, New Brunswick in 2014 after a 35 yr hiatus of recognition. These juveniles were determined to be highly genetically divergent from all possible source populations, hypothesized to be of Saint John River ancestry, and thus considered evidence of the continued existence of the native stock. Successful recruitment of strong year classes of striped bass within the Saint John River, however, appears to be infrequent. We acoustically tagged and tracked juvenile and sub-adult striped bass (n = 37; age 2-4) in the Saint John River in both 2015 and 2016, and identified summer feeding and overwintering habitats that established an in-river residency. Following decades of poor or no recruitment of the native striped bass stock, it is now imperative that managers quickly include monitoring of juvenile and sub-adult striped bass and protection of their habitats in the conservation and recovery efforts for Saint John River striped bass.
South Georgia blue whales five decades after the end of whaling
Authors: Calderan SV , Black A , Branch TA , Collins MA , Kelly N , Leaper R , Lurcock S , Miller BS , Moore M , Olson PA , Širović A , Wood AG , Jackson JA
Published: September 2020

Blue whalesBalaenoptera musculusat South Georgia were heavily exploited during 20thcentury industrial whaling, to the point of local near-extirpation. Although legal whaling for blue whales ceased in the 1960s, and there were indications of blue whale recovery across the wider Southern Ocean area, blue whales were seldom seen in South Georgia waters in subsequent years. We collated 30 yr of data comprising opportunistic sightings, systematic visual and acoustic surveys and photo-identification to assess the current distribution of blue whales in the waters surrounding South Georgia. Over 34000 km of systematic survey data between 1998 and 2018 resulted in only a single blue whale sighting, although opportunistic sightings were reported over that time period. However, since 2018 there have been increases in both sightings of blue whales and detections of their vocalisations. A survey in 2020 comprising visual line transect surveys and directional frequency analysis and recording (DIFAR) sonobuoy deployments resulted in 58 blue whale sightings from 2430 km of visual effort, including the photo-identification of 23 individual blue whales. Blue whale vocalisations were detected on all 31 sonobuoys deployed (114 h). In total, 41 blue whales were photo-identified from South Georgia between 2011 and 2020, none of which matched the 517 whales in the current Antarctic catalogue. These recent data suggest that blue whales have started to return to South Georgia waters, but continued visual and acoustic surveys are required to monitor any future changes in their distribution and abundance.
A Generalized Approach to Operational, Globally Optimal Aircraft Mission Performance Evaluation, with Application to Direct Lift Control
Authors: de Wringer Sam , Varriale Carmine , Oliviero Fabrizio
Published: September 2020

A unified approach to aircraft mission performance assessment is presented in this work. It provides a detailed and flexible formulation to simulate a complete commercial aviation mission. Based on optimal control theory, with consistent injection of rules and procedures typical of aeronautical operations, it relies on generalized mathematical and flight mechanics models, thereby being applicable to aircraft with very distinct configurations. It is employed for an extensive evaluation of the performance of a conventional commercial aircraft, and of an unconventional box-wing aircraft, referred to as the PrandtlPlane. The PrandtlPlane features redundant control surfaces, and it is able to employ Direct Lift Control. To demonstrate the versatility of the performance evaluation approach, the mission-level benefits of using Direct Lift Control as an unconventional control technique are assessed. The PrandtlPlane is seen to be competitive in terms of its fuel consumption per passenger per kilometer. However, this beneficial fuel performance comes at the price of slower flight. The benefits of using Direct Lift are present but marginal, both in terms of fuel consumption and flight time. Nonetheless, enabling Direct Lift Control results in a broader range of viable trajectories, such that the aircraft no longer requires cruise-climb for maximum fuel economy.
In-Flight Test Campaign to Validate PIO Detection and Assessment Tools
Authors: Jones Michael , Alexander Marc , Höfinger Marc , Barnett Miles , Comeau Perry , Gubbels Arthur
Published: September 2020

This paper describes a joint research campaign conducted by the German Aerospace Center (DLR) and the National Research Council Canada (NRC) to explore methods and techniques to expose rotorcraft pilot-induced oscillations (PIOs) during flight testing. A flight test campaign was conducted at NRC using the Bell 205 experimental aircraft. Results show that, particularly for the lateral axis, ADS-33 tasks can be successfully applied to expose PIO tendencies. Novel subjective and objective criteria were used during the test campaign. PIO prediction boundaries of the objective phase-aggression criteria (PAC) detection algorithm were validated through results obtained. This was the first use of PAC with data recorded in-flight. To collect subjective feedback, the aircraft–pilot coupling (APC) scale was used. This was the first use of the novel scale in-flight and received favourable feedback from the evaluation pilot. Modifications to ADS-33 mission tasks were found to successfully improve the ability to consistently expose PIOs.
Methicillin-Resistant Macrococcus bohemicus Encoding a Divergent SCCmecB Element
Authors: Foster Geoffrey , Paterson Gavin K.
Published: September 2020

A methicillin-resistant Macrococcus isolate from canine otitis, H889678/16/1, was whole-genome sequenced using HiSeq technology to identify the species, antimicrobial resistance determinates and their genomic context. H889678/16/1 belonged to the newly described species Macrococcus bohemicus. It encoded mecB within a novel SCCmec element most similar to that of Macrococcus canis KM45013T. This SCCmecH889678/16/1 element also encoded blaZm and fusC, but no other resistance determinates were found in the H889678/16/1 genome. The ccrA and ccrB recombinase genes within SCCmecH889678/16/1 were distinct from those previously described in staphylococci and macrococci and therefore designated here as ccrAm3 and ccrBm3. Our study represents, to the best of our knowledge, the first description of mecB being encoded by M. bohemicus and of methicillin resistance in this species. Furthermore, the SCCmec described here is highly dissimilar to other such elements and encodes novel ccr genes. Our report demonstrates a wider distribution of mecB among Macrococcus species and expands the genomic context in which mecB may be found. The potential for dissemination of mec genes from Macrococcus to related but more pathogenic Staphylococcus species highlights the need to understand the epidemiology of these genes in macrococci.
NSAIDs as a Drug Repurposing Strategy for Biofilm Control
Authors: Leão Cláudia , Borges Anabela , Simões Manuel
Published: September 2020

Persistent infections, usually associated with biofilm-producing bacteria, are challenging for both medical and scientific communities. The potential interest in drug repurposing for biofilm control is growing due to both disinvestment in antibiotic R&D and reduced efficacy of the available panel of antibiotics. In the present study, the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of four non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), piroxicam (PXC), diclofenac sodium (DCF), acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and naproxen sodium (NPX) were evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The minimum inhibitory/bactericidal concentrations (MICs and MBCs) and the dose–response curves from exposure to the selected NSAIDs were determined. MICs were found for PXC (800 μg/mL) and ASA (1750 μg/mL) against E. coli, and for DCF (2000 μg/mL) and ASA (2000 μg/mL) against S. aureus. No MBCs were found (>2000 μg/mL). The potential of NSAIDs to eradicate preformed biofilms was characterized in terms of biofilm mass, metabolic activity and cell culturability. Additionally, the NSAIDs were tested in combination with kanamycin (KAN) and tetracycline (TET). ASA, DCF and PXC promoted significant reductions in metabolic activity and culturability. However, only PXC promoted biofilm mass removal. Additive interactions were obtained for most of the combinations between NSAIDs and KAN or TET. In general, NSAIDs appear to be a promising strategy to control biofilms as they demonstrated to be more effective than conventional antibiotics.
Phytochemical Composition and In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils from the Lamiaceae Family against Streptococcus agalactiae and Candida albicans Biofilms
Authors: Iseppi Ramona , Tardugno Roberta , Brighenti Virginia , Benvenuti Stefania , Sabia Carla , Pellati Federica , Messi Patrizia
Published: September 2020

The antimicrobial activity of different essential oils (EOs) from the Lamiaceae family was evaluated on Streptococcus agalactiae, Candida albicans, and lactobacilli. S. agalactiae is the main cause of severe neonatal infections, such as sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. C. albicans is a primary causative agent of vulvovaginal candidiasis, a multifactorial infectious disease of the lower female reproductive tract. Lactobacilli represent the dominant bacterial species of the vaginal flora and constitute the natural defense against pathogens. On the basis of the preliminary results, the attention was focused on the EOs from Lavandula x intermedia Emeric ex Loisel. and Mentha arvensis L. By using gas ghromatography (GS) retention data and mass spectra, it was possible to identify more than 90% of the total composition of the EO samples. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and anti-biofilm activity of the two EOs were determined against all isolated strains, using the EOs by themselves or in combination with each other and with drugs (erythromycin and fluconazole). The results showed a good antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of both EOs and a synergistic effect, leading to the best results against all the strains, resulted using the combinations EOs/EOs and antimicrobials/EOs.
Synergistic Effects of Bacteriocin from Lactobacillus panis C-M2 Combined with Dielectric Barrier Discharged Non-Thermal Plasma (DBD-NTP) on Morganella sp. in Aquatic Foods
Authors: Shan Chengjun , Wu Han , Zhou Jianzhong , Yan Wenjing , Zhang Jianhao , Liu Xiaoli
Published: September 2020

In this paper, Lactocin C-M2(C-M2) was used together with a new non-thermal technology, non-thermal plasma sterilization (NTPS), to inactive the putrefactive bacteria Morganella sp. wf-1 isolated from aquatic foods. The mechanism underlining the action mode of C-M2 and NTPS was investigated, revealing that the bacteriocin and NTPS had synergistic effects on the disinfection of Morganella sp. wf-1. Compared with the bacteria cells treated by only C-M2 or NTPS, the plasmolysis of cells treated by C-M2 and NTPS was to a larger extent. Moreover, the cell permeability and the contents of UV-absorbing compounds and K+ released from the intra-cells was significantly higher for the C-M2 + NTPS treated cells than the others (p < 0.05), and conversely was the SFA/UFA ratio (p < 0.05). The results on DNA damage showed that, 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG) content in C-M2 + NTPS treated cells was approximately 7 -fold and 2.5-fold greater than those in the C-M2- and NTPS-treated cells, respectively, indicating furthermore the eventual rupture of Morganella sp. wf-1 cells. The results showed the potential of the application of the bacteriocin and NTPS in the food industry.
Synthetic vs. Natural Hydroxytyrosol for Clean Label Lamb Burgers
Authors: Martínez-Zamora Lorena , Ros Gaspar , Nieto Gema
Published: September 2020

Clean labelling refers to consumers’ desire for manufacturers to be more transparent in the way their products are made and sourced. Natural antioxidants (spices, herbs, fruits, or vegetables) have been proven to offer the same functionality as their synthetic counterparts, with the advantage of being label friendly and process compatible, maintaining meat quality and reducing food waste. Lamb meat has the challenges to have an intense flavour and fat composition to test the effectiveness of some of these natural antioxidants like hydroxytyrosol (HXT). The current paper was designed to test both natural (HXTo) and synthetic (HXTs) antioxidants using four lamb patty batches: one Control (C) (which included sulphites); a reference (R) sample (14.6% carnosic acid and 6% carnosol from natural rosemary extracts, 200 ppm); a sample containing synthetic hydroxytyrosol (HXTs, 99% purity, 200 ppm); and a sample with added organic hydroxytyrosol (HXTo, sample 7% purity from olive tree leaves, 200 ppm). A shelf-life study was carried out for 6 days at 4 °C, testing proximal composition and mineral bioavailability, pH changes, colour (by CIELab), total antioxidant capacity (TAC by oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC)), lipid and protein oxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARs) and thiol loss, respectively), volatile compound profiles (by HPC-MS), sensory evaluation, and microbiological growth (as total vial count (TVC) and total coliform count (TCC)). Results revealed that lamb burgers with added HXTs had better-preserved raw lamb meat in the test conditions, with reduced colour losses, lipid oxidation, and release of volatile compounds, the half the microbiological growth (TVC) of the Control, the best TAC, and significantly increased (p < 0.05) minerals bioavailability, while maintaining sensory acceptability. In summary, natural antioxidants are an adequate strategy for lamb meat burgers. Regarding HXTo, obtained from olives, the synthetic analogue is even more effective in terms of preservative and antioxidant activity, and in maintaining the nutritional value, sensory characteristics, and safety of food products.
Integrated Replay Spoofing-Aware Text-Independent Speaker Verification
Authors: Shim Hye-jin , Jung Jee-weon , Kim Ju-ho , Yu Ha-jin
Published: September 2020

A number of studies have successfully developed speaker verification or presentation attack detection systems. However, studies integrating the two tasks remain in the preliminary stages. In this paper, we propose two approaches for building an integrated system of speaker verification and presentation attack detection: an end-to-end monolithic approach and a back-end modular approach. The first approach simultaneously trains speaker identification, presentation attack detection, and the integrated system using multi-task learning using a common feature. However, through experiments, we hypothesize that the information required for performing speaker verification and presentation attack detection might differ because speaker verification systems try to remove device-specific information from speaker embeddings, while presentation attack detection systems exploit such information. Therefore, we propose a back-end modular approach using a separate deep neural network (DNN) for speaker verification and presentation attack detection. This approach has thee input components: two speaker embeddings (for enrollment and test each) and prediction of presentation attacks. Experiments are conducted using the ASVspoof 2017-v2 dataset, which includes official trials on the integration of speaker verification and presentation attack detection. The proposed back-end approach demonstrates a relative improvement of 21.77% in terms of the equal error rate for integrated trials compared to a conventional speaker verification system.
Incorporation of Horizontal Fins into a PCM-Based Heat Sink to Enhance the Safe Operation Time: Applicable in Electronic Device Cooling
Authors: Mosavi Amirhosein , Mehdizadeh Hossein , Abbasian-Naghneh Salman , Kalbasi Rasool , Karimipour Aliakbar , Cheraghian Goshtasp
Published: September 2020

In this study, the effect of the presence of horizontal fins on the safe operating time (SOT) of the PCM filled heat sink was examined. The effects of the number of horizontal fins, as well as fins length on SOT at different aspect ratios, was investigated. Horizontal fins, owing to their high thermal conductivity, cause uniformity in temperature distribution and improve the heat sink thermal conductivity (positive effect). Incorporating horizontal fins reduces the PCM volume fraction which consequently diminishes the ability of the heat sink to absorb the thermal energy (negative effect). The competition between the former effect and the latter determines the efficacy of adding horizontal fins in the PCM filled heat sinks. As the number of horizontal fins increases up to five, the positive effect is superior to the negative one which in turn enlarges the safe operation time. By the further increase in the number of fins, the negative effect prevailed over the positive effect and therefore the safe operation time diminished. As the heat sink aspect ratio increased, convection heat transfer efficacy becomes more apparent. In this case, it is recommended to use horizontal fins with shorter lengths so that the PCM movement is not disturbed.
Optimization of Grinding Parameters for the Workpiece Surface and Material Removal Rate in the Belt Grinding Process for Polishing and Deburring of 45 Steel
Authors: Li Fengping , Xue Yao , Zhang Zhengya , Song Wenlei , Xiang Jiawei
Published: September 2020

Surface roughness and the material removal rate (MRR) are two important indicators during the grinding process. The former determines the surface quality while the latter reflects the grinding efficiency directly. In this paper, the two indicators are taken into consideration simultaneously and differently by converting them into a comprehensive goal with using weighting objective method. A prediction model was established for each comprehensive goal with each different combination of surface roughness and MRR weighting coefficient. The optimal value of abrasive size, contact force, belt linear speed, and feed speed were obtained under different grinding situations by using a central composite design (CCD) combined with response surface analysis. The experimental results showed that the comprehensive goal can be used effectively as an indicator to control the grinding performance and improve the optimization process.
Comparative Analysis of Circular and Square End Plates for a Highly Pressurized Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis Stack
Authors: Jo Minjeong , Cho Hyun-Seok , Na Youngseung
Published: September 2020

End plates are located at both ends of a proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) stack. If the end plates are thin, clamping pressure is not uniform and the performance of PEMWE can deteriorate from leakage and high electrical contact resistance caused by the deformation of the thin end plates. In this study, end plates were designed to reduce the weight while clamping the stack uniformly by finite element analysis (FEA). The weights of the circular and square end plates were reduced compared to conventional end plates by 22.9% and 23.3%, respectively. The stress and strain distribution of square and circular end plates are analyzed using topology optimization. This analysis can improve the performance of the PEMWE by using new end plate designs verified by dummy cell stack simulation to maintain uniform pressure.
Autonomous Vehicles: Vehicle Parameter Estimation Using Variational Bayes and Kinematics
Authors: Wöber Wilfried , Novotny Georg , Mehnen Lars , Olaverri-Monreal Cristina
Published: September 2020

On-board sensory systems in autonomous vehicles make it possible to acquire information about the vehicle itself and about its relevant surroundings. With this information the vehicle actuators are able to follow the corresponding control commands and behave accordingly. Localization is thus a critical feature in autonomous driving to define trajectories to follow and enable maneuvers. Localization approaches using sensor data are mainly based on Bayes filters. Whitebox models that are used to this end use kinematics and vehicle parameters, such as wheel radii, to interfere the vehicle’s movement. As a consequence, faulty vehicle parameters lead to poor localization results. On the other hand, blackbox models use motion data to model vehicle behavior without relying on vehicle parameters. Due to their high non-linearity, blackbox approaches outperform whitebox models but faulty behaviour such as overfitting is hardly identifiable without intensive experiments. In this paper, we extend blackbox models using kinematics, by inferring vehicle parameters and then transforming blackbox models into whitebox models. The probabilistic perspective of vehicle movement is extended using random variables representing vehicle parameters. We validated our approach, acquiring and analyzing simulated noisy movement data from mobile robots and vehicles. Results show that it is possible to estimate vehicle parameters with few kinematic assumptions.
Machine-Vision-Based Algorithm for Blockage Recognition of Jittering Sieve in Corn Harvester
Authors: Fu Jun , Yuan Haikuo , Zhao Rongqiang , Tang Xinlong , Chen Zhi , Wang Jin , Ren Luquan
Published: September 2020

Jittering sieve is a significant component of corn harvester, and it is used to separate kernels from impurities. The sieves may be blocked by kernels during the separating process, leading to the reduction of working performance. Unfortunately, the automatic recognition of blockage has not been studied yet. To address this issue, in this study we develop machine-vision-based algorithms to divide the jittering sieve into sub-sieves and to recognize kernel blockages. Additionally, we propose the metric to evaluate blocking level of each sub-sieve, aiming to provide the basis for automatic blockage clearing. The performance of the proposed algorithm is verified through simulation experiments on real images. The success ratio of edge determination reaches 100%. The mean cross-correlation coefficient of the blockage levels and the actual numbers of blocked kernels for all test scenes is 0.932. The results demonstrate the proposed algorithm can be used for accurate blockage recognition, and the proposed metric is appropriate for evaluating the blockage level.
Potent Small-Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Acetylated Microtubules as Anticancer Agents Against Triple-Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Kwon Ahreum , Lee Gwi Bin , Park Taein , Lee Jung Hoon , Ko Panseon , You Eunae , Ahn Jin Hee , Eom Soo Hyun , Rhee Sangmyung , Song Woo Keun
Published: September 2020

Microtubules are one of the major targets for anticancer drugs because of their role in cell proliferation and migration. However, as anticancer drugs targeting microtubules have side effects, including the death of normal cells, it is necessary to develop anticancer agents that can target microtubules by specifically acting on cancer cells only. In this study, we identified chemicals that can act as anticancer agents by specifically binding to acetylated microtubules, which are predominant in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). The chemical compounds disrupted acetylated microtubule lattices by interfering with microtubule access to alpha-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (αTAT1), a major acetyltransferase of microtubules, resulting in the increased apoptotic cell death of MDA-MB-231 cells (a TNBC cell line) compared with other cells, such as MCF-10A and MCF-7, which lack microtubule acetylation. Moreover, mouse xenograft experiments showed that treatment with the chemical compounds markedly reduced tumor growth progression. Taken together, the newly identified chemical compounds can be selective for acetylated microtubules and act as potential therapeutic agents against microtubule acetylation enrichment in TNBC.