bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biases and limitations of Global Forest Change and author-generated land cover maps in detecting deforestation in the Amazon
Authors: Kinnebrew Eva , Ochoa-Brito Jose I. , French Matthew , Mills-Novoa Megan , Shoffner Elizabeth , Siegel Katherine
Published: July 2022

Studying land use change in protected areas (PAs) located in tropical forests is a major conservation priority due to high conservation value (e.g., species richness and carbon storage) here, coupled with generally high deforestation rates. Land use change researchers use a variety of land cover products to track deforestation trends, including maps they produce themselves and readily available products, such as the Global Forest Change (GFC) dataset. However, all land cover maps should be critically assessed for limitations and biases to accurately communicate and interpret results. In this study, we assess deforestation in PA complexes located in agricultural frontiers in the Amazon Basin. We studied three specific sites: Amboró and Carrasco National Parks in Bolivia, Jamanxim National Forest in Brazil, and Tambopata National Reserve and Bahuaja-Sonene National Park in Peru. Within and in 20km buffer areas around each complex, we generated land cover maps using composites of Landsat imagery and supervised classification, and compared deforestation trends to data from the GFC dataset. We then performed a dissimilarity analysis to explore the discrepancies between the two remote sensing products. Both the GFC and our supervised classification showed that deforestation rates were higher in the 20km buffer than inside the PAs and that Jamanxim National Forest had the highest deforestation rate of the PAs we studied. However, GFC maps showed consistently higher rates of deforestation than our maps. Through a dissimilarity analysis, we found that many of the inconsistencies between these datasets arise from different treatment of mixed pixels or different parameters in map creation (for example, GFC does not detect reforestation after 2012). We found that our maps underestimated deforestation while GFC overestimated deforestation, and that true deforestation rates likely fall between our two estimates. We encourage users to consider limitations and biases when using or interpreting our maps, which we make publicly available, and GFC’s maps.
Does money buy health? evaluation of stock market performance and economic growth in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Bibi Aisha , Khan Imran , Zaman Khalid , Sriyanto Sriyanto , Sasmoko  , Khan Aqeel
Published: July 2022

The novel coronavirus pandemic of 2019 (COVID-19) has significantly harmed numerous social and economic activities worldwide, drawing researchers and governments’ attention to the problem and tackling it via persistent healthcare measures. The study’s primary purpose is to examine the effects of total coronavirus cases, total fatalities, total recovered cases, unemployment, and trade openness on stock prices and economic growth in the world’s top 39 affected nations. An analysis of the coronavirus outbreaks found that wealthier countries had a well-established healthcare infrastructure, but they were disproportionately affected by the virus. Conversely, the less wealthy nations had inadequate healthcare infrastructures, but they were not as affected as the wealthier countries. Is it possible to buy health with money? That was the question at the heart of the study’s money-and-health curve. The robust least square regression results indicate that an increase in coronavirus cases influences economic growth and stock market performance due to massive healthcare funding distributed globally, sustaining economic and financial activities for a shorter period. However, a continuous increase in coronavirus fatalities depresses the stock market, resulting in financial depression worldwide. Additionally, a rise in overall coronavirus recovered cases has a negative effect on the country’s economic development and stock market performance because of greater uncertainty in economic and financial activities. Case fatality ratios influence economic growth, whereas case recovery ratios decrease economic and financial performance due to greater healthcare concerns across countries. Finally, trade openness is critical in sustaining the country’s economic development and stock market performance in the wake of the COVID-19 epidemic.
Digging in a 120 years-old lunch: What can we learn from collection specimens of extinct species?
Authors: Pinho Catarina J. , Roca Vicente , Perera Ana , Sousa Amanda , Bruni Michèle , Miralles Aurélien , Vasconcelos Raquel
Published: July 2022

Studying collection specimens is often the only way to unravel information about recent extinctions. These can reveal knowledge on threats and life traits related to extinction, and contribute, by extrapolation, to the conservation of extant species. However, high-throughput sequencing methods have rarely been applied to extinct species to reveal information on their ecology. Insular species are especially prone to extinction. We studied the gut contents of three specimens of the extinct giant skink Chioninia coctei of the Cabo Verde Islands using microscopy and DNA-metabarcoding. The presence of Tachygonetria adult nematodes suggests plants as important diet items. Our metabarcoding approach also identified plants and, additionally, invertebrates, supporting the hypothesis of C. coctei’s generalist diet. The absence of vertebrates in the digestive contents may reflect the decline of seabirds on the Desertas Islands that could have contributed to the debilitation of the giant skink, already depleted by persecution and severe droughts. Even with a small sample size, this study contributes to shedding light on the trophic roles of this enigmatic extinct species and emphasizes the need to develop holistic conservation plans for island threatened taxa. Additionally, it illustrates the potential of integrating up-to-date molecular methods with traditional approaches to studying collection specimens to help to solve ecological puzzles in other ecosystems.
Oral doxycycline prevents skin-associated adverse effects induced by injectable collagenase in a rodent model of capsular contracture around silicone implants
Authors: Diehm Yannick F. , Kotsougiani-Fischer Dimitra , Porst Elena , Haug Valentin , Siegwart Laura C. , Overhoff Daniel , Kneser Ulrich , Fischer Sebastian
Published: July 2022

Background

The collagenase of the bacterium Clostridium histolyticum (CCH) is already an established treatment for fibroproliferative diseases like M. Dupuytren and M. Peyronie Although results are comparable to surgical intervention, skin laceration is a severe and relevant side effect. Doxycycline (DOX) recently rose interest as an inhibitor of matrix-metalloproteinases alongside its capabilities of skin accumulation. It therefore might be a potential skin protective agent in the use of CCH.

Methods

For simulation of a fibroproliferative disease adjacent to the skin, we utilized a rodent model of capsular fibrosis involving silicone implants and subsequent fibrotic capsule formation. For in-vitro studies, fibrotic capsules were excised and incubated with 0.9 mg/ml CCH and four different doses of DOX. For in-vivo experiments, animals received 0.0, 0.3 or 0.9 mg/ml CCH injections into the fibrotic capsules with or without prior oral DOX administration. Outcome analysis included histology, immunohistochemistry, gene expression analysis, chemical collagen and DOX concentration measurements as well as μCT imaging.

Results

In-vitro, DOX showed a dose-dependent inhibition of CCH activity associated with increasing capsule thickness and collagen density and content. In-vivo, oral DOX administration did neither interfere with capsule formation nor in effectiveness of CCH dissolving fibrotic capsule tissue. However, skin thickness and especially collagen density was significantly higher compared to control groups. This led to a reduced rate of clinical skin lacerations after DOX administration.

Conclusion

DOX inhibits CCH and accumulates in the skin. Thereby, DOX can effectively reduce skin laceration after CCH treatment.
Plastics are a new threat to Palau’s coral reefs
Authors: Béraud Eric , Bednarz Vanessa , Otto Ikelau , Golbuu Yimnang , Ferrier-Pagès Christine
Published: July 2022

Plastic pollution of the oceans has long been an ongoing and growing problem. Single-use plastic (plastic bags and microbeads) is responsible for most of this pollution. In recent years, studies have highlighted the importance of the size of plastic particles, and the impact of this pollution source on the environment. We determined the concentration of small marine plastics in seawater, sediments and beach sand around a pristine reef area (Republic of Palau) using very simple tools (plankton net, sieves, organic matter degradation, density separation, Nile red fluorochrome). In this study, we succeeded in detecting microplastic (MPs) particles and microplastic fibers, but also nanoplastic (NPs). These three types of particles were found in all samples with a large heterogeneity, from 0.01 to 0.09 particles L-1 and 0.17 to 32.13 particles g-1 DW for MPs in seawater, sediments and sand, respectively. Even when NPs were identified, the amounts of NPs were underestimated and varied from 0.09 to 0.43 particles L-1 in seawater and from 1.08 to 71.02 particles g-1 DW in sediment and sand, respectively. These variations could be attributed to the environmental characteristics of the different sites. This study shows that plastic pollution must be considered in environmental studies even in the most pristine locations. It also shows that NPs pollution is related to the amount of MPs found at the sites. To understand the effects of this plastic pollution, it is necessary that the next toxicological studies take into account the effects of this fraction that makes up the NPs.
Comparison of functional-oil blend and anticoccidial antibiotics effects on performance and microbiota of broiler chickens challenged by coccidiosis
Authors: Pires Paula Gabriela da Silva , Torres Pedro , Teixeira Soratto Tatiany Aparecida , Filho Vilmar Benetti , Hauptli Lucélia , Wagner Glauber , Haese Douglas , Pozzatti Carolina D’ávila , Moraes Priscila de Oliveira
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to compare the effects of different levels of cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL) and castor oil (CNSL–castor oil) with growth-promoting antibiotics associated with anticoccidials in broiler chickens challenged with coccidiosis. In this work, 2520 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb) were randomly assigned to 84 pens, containing 30 birds each. The experimental design was completely randomized, with seven treatments: enramycin (8 ppm), virginiamycin (16.5 ppm), and tylosin (55 ppm); different doses of CNSL–castor oil (0.5, 0.75, and 1.00 kg/t); and a control diet (without additives). All treatments received semduramicin + nicarbazin (500 g/t; Aviax® Plus) from 0 to 28 d and monensin sodium (100 ppm; Elanco) from 29 to 35 days of age, when the feed was without antibiotics. The challenge was introduced at 14 days of age by inoculating broiler chickens with sporulated Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, and Eimeria maxima oocysts via oral gavage. In addition to performance parameters, intestinal contents were collected at 28 and 42 days of age for microbiota analysis by sequencing the 16s rRNA in V3 and V4 regions using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Taxonomy was assigned using the SILVA database (v. 138) with QIIME2 software (v. 2020.11). After one week of challenge, the broilers that received tylosin had a higher body weight gain (BWG) than those in the control group (p < 0.05), while the other treatments presented intermediate values. At 28 d, the BWG was lower for the control, CNSL–Castor oil 0.5 kg/t, enramycin, and virginiamycin treatments than that in the tylosin treatment. The inclusion of CNSL–Castor oil at concentrations of 0.75 and 1 kg/t acted as an intermediate treatment (p < 0.05). For alpha diversity, using the Shannon index, it was possible to observe the effect of age, with substantial diversity at 42 d. The Firmicutes phylum had the highest abundance, with values between 84.33% and 95.16% at 42 d. Tylosin showed better performance indices than other treatments. CNSL–castor oil treatments with concentrations of 0.75 and 1 kg/t showed similar results to those of enramycin and virginiamycin. Furthermore, CNSL–castor oil acted as a modulator of intestinal microbiota, reducing the abundance of pathogenic bacteria.
Genotype-by-environment interaction and genetic dissection of heartwood color in Cryptomeria japonica based on multiple common gardens and quantitative trait loci mapping
Authors: Mori Hideki , Ueno Saneyoshi , Ujino-Ihara Tokuko , Fujiwara Takeshi , Yamashita Kana , Kanetani Seiichi , Endo Ryota , Matsumoto Asako , Uchiyama Kentaro , Yoshida Takahiro , Sakai Yoshimi , Moriguchi Yoshinari , Kusano Ryouichi , Tsumura Yoshihiko
Published: July 2022

The heartwood color of a major plantation tree Cryptomeria japonica shows high variability among clones and cultivars, and brighter heartwood has higher value in the usage of non-laminated wood such as in traditional construction, which makes heartwood color an important trait in breeding of this species. However, the genetic basis of the interactions between genetics and the environment on heartwood color has been understudied while these are necessary for effective breeding programs in multiple environmental condition. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the effects of genetics and environments on heartwood color and how they interact in contrasting environments, and to identify genomic regions controlling heartwood color in C. japonica across multiple environments. Heartwood color in terms of L*a*b* color space and spectral reflectance was measured in common gardens established in three contrasting sites. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) that affect heartwood color were identified using previously constructed highly saturated linkage maps. Results found that heartwood color was largely genetically controlled, and genotype-by-environment interaction explained one-third of the total genetic variance of heartwood color. The effect of the environment was small compared to the effect of genetics, whereas environmental effects largely varied among heartwood color traits. QTL analysis identified a large number of QTLs with small to moderate effects (phenotypic variation explained of 6.6% on average). Some of these QTLs were stably expressed in multiple environments or had pleiotropic effects on heartwood color and moisture content. These results indicated that genetic variation in phenotypic plasticity plays an important role in regulating heartwood color and that the identified QTLs would maximize the breeding efficiency of heartwood color in C. japonica in heterogeneous environments.
Use of streamnormal forces within an array of tidal power harvesters
Authors: Viola Ignazio Maria , Gao Zhi , Smith James
Published: July 2022

Tidal energy is a renewable and promising energy source. Turbines are deployed under water in marine channels where there is a fast tidal current. The first arrays have only recently been deployed and there is no consensus yet on the optimal array design. In this paper, we explore whether the maximum harvestable power can be increased by using harvesters or flow deflectors that exert a side force in the streamnormal direction to oppose the expansion of the streamtube. The power harvesting and the side force exertion are modelled with sink terms in the two-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations. We found that the power limit increases linearly with the side force, and it should be exerted from the upstream side edges of the array. We conclude that future arrays might not be made only of turbines that harvest power, but also of deflectors such as vertical wings of size comparable to a turbine. The promising results of this theoretical study may direct new research on the use of deflectors to maximise the power harvested by tidal arrays.
Lymphatic filarial serum proteome profiling for identification and characterization of diagnostic biomarkers
Authors: Kumar Vipin , Mishra Ayushi , Yadav Awadehesh Kumar , Rathaur Sushma , Singh Anchal
Published: July 2022

Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) affects more than 863 million people in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, causing high morbidity and long illnesses leading to social exclusion and loss of wages. A combination of drugs Ivermectin, Diethylcarbamazine citrate and Albendazole is recommended by WHO to accelerate the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis (GPELF). To assess the outcome of GPELF, to re-evaluate and to formulate further strategies there is an imperative need for high quality diagnostic markers. This study was undertaken to identify Lymphatic Filarial biomarkers which can detect LF infections in asymptomatic cases and would also serve as indicators for differentiating among different clinical stages of the disease. A combination of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), MMP zymography, SDS-PAGE, classical 2DE along with MALDI-TOF/MS was done to identify LF biomarkers from serum samples of different stages of LF patients. FT-IR spectroscopy coupled with univariate and multivariate analysis of LF serum samples, revealed significant differences in peak intensity at 3300, 2950, 1645, 1540 and 1448 cm-1 (p<0.05). The proteomics analysis results showed that various proteins were differentially expressed (p<0.05), including C-reactive protein, α-1-antitrypsin, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein D like, apolipoproteins A-I and A-IV in different LF clinical stages. Functional pathway analysis suggested the involvement of differentially expressed proteins in vital physiological pathways like acute phase response, hemostasis, complement and coagulation cascades. Furthermore, the differentiation between different stages of LF cases and biomarkers identified in this study clearly demonstrates the potential of the human serum profiling approach for LF detection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of comparative human serum profiling in different categories of LF patients.
Cost-utility analysis of Cryoballoon ablation versus Radiofrequency ablation in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in Iran
Authors: Darvishi Ali , Sadeghipour Parham , Darrudi Alireza , Daroudi Rajabali
Published: July 2022

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent cardiac arrhythmia (Calkins H, et al. 2012). There are various methods to treat AF of which Ablation is one of the most effective. We aimed to assess the cost-utility of Cryoballoon ablation (CBA) compared to Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) to treat patients with paroxysmal AF in Iran. A cost-utility analysis was done using a decision-analytic model based on a lifetime Markov structure which was drawn considering the nature of interventions and the natural progress of the disease. Costs data were extracted from medical records of 47 patients of Shahid Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical Center in Tehran in 2019. Parameters and variables such as transition probabilities, risks related to side effects, mortality rates, and utility values were extracted from the available evidence. Deterministic and probabilistic sensitivity analysis was also done. TreeAge pro-2020 software was used in all stages of analysis. In the base case analysis, the CBA strategy was associated with higher cost and effectiveness than RFA, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was $11,223 per Quality-adjusted life year (QALY), which compared to Iran’s GDP per capita as Willingness to pay threshold, CBA was not cost-effective. On the other hand, considering twice the GDP per capita as a threshold, CBA was cost-effective. Probabilistic sensitivity analysis confirmed the findings of base case analysis, showed that RFA was cost-effective and the probability of cost-effectiveness was 59%. One-way sensitivity analysis showed that the results of the study have the highest sensitivity to changes in the RFA cost variable. Results of sensitivity analysis showed that the cost-effectiveness results were not robust and are sensitive to changes in variables changes. Primary results showed that CBA compared to RFA is not cost-effective in the treatment of AF considering one GDP per capita. But the sensitivity analysis results showed considerable sensitivity to changes of the ablation costs variable.
A true choice of place of birth? Swiss women’s access to birth hospitals and birth centers
Authors: Rauch Sebastian , Arnold Louisa , Stuerner Zelda , Rauh Juergen , Rost Michael
Published: July 2022

While the place of birth plays a crucial role for women’s birth experiences, the interest in out-of-hospital births has increased during the Covid-19 pandemic. Related to this, various international policies recommend enabling women to choose where to give birth. We aimed to analyze Swiss women’s choice between birth hospitals and birth centers. Employing spatial accessibility analysis, we incorporated four data types: highly disaggregated population data, administrative data, street network data, addresses of birth hospitals and birth centers. 99.8% of Swiss women of childbearing age were included in the analysis (N = 1.896.669). We modelled car travel times from a woman’s residence to the nearest birth hospital and birth center. If both birth settings were available within 30 minutes, a woman was considered to have a true choice. Only 58.2% of women had a true choice. This proportion varied considerably across Swiss federal states. The main barrier to a true choice was limited accessibility of birth centers. Median travel time to birth hospitals was 9.8 (M= 12.5), to birth centers 23.9 minutes (M= 28.5). Swiss women are insufficiently empowered to exercise their reproductive autonomy as their choice of place of birth is significantly limited by geographical constraints. It is an ethical and medical imperative to provide women with a true choice. We provide high-resolution insights into the accessibility of birth settings and strong arguments to (re-)examine the need for further birth centers (and birth hospitals) in specific geographical areas. Policy-makers are obligated to improve the accessibility of birth centers to advance women’s autonomy and enhance maternal health outcomes after childbirth. The Covid-19 pandemic offers an opportunity to shift policy.
Relationship between demoralization of the college student with their individual- and social-oriented self
Authors: Huang Chuan-Yung , Hu Shun-Hao , Fan Li-Ying
Published: July 2022

Demoralization has become increasingly prevalent among college students who have lost motivation in life and feel hopeless about their future. Many college students who demonstrate symptoms of demoralization are neglected because they might fail to typical symptoms of depression. Taiwanese college students are simultaneously influenced by bicultural-self system, such as individual- and social-oriented views of self, which vary considerably in the view of self, achievement motivation, and the value of self-realization, and may even create contradictory expectations and behavioral standard. The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent of the relationship between attitude towards demoralization, individual- and social-oriented views of self. Three-hundred fifty-six college students completed the online questionnaire, which was designed to explore their demoralization status and cultural differences. Four groups were divided into bicultural self, individual-oriented self, social-oriented self, and unintegrated self. Bicultural group demonstrated significantly lower demoralization overall scores than other groups. Moreover, the five dimensions of demoralization in college students were mostly significantly and negatively correlated with individual- and social-oriented views of self, indicating that college students’ bicultural views of self may contribute to or prevent demoralization.
Hotspots and super-spreaders: Modelling fine-scale malaria parasite transmission using mosquito flight behaviour
Authors: Sedda Luigi , McCann Robert S. , Kabaghe Alinune N. , Gowelo Steven , Mburu Monicah M. , Tizifa Tinashe A. , Chipeta Michael G. , van den Berg Henk , Takken Willem , van Vugt Michèle , Phiri Kamija S. , Cain Russell , Tangena Julie-Anne A. , Jones Christopher M.
Published: July 2022

Malaria hotspots have been the focus of public health managers for several years due to the potential elimination gains that can be obtained from targeting them. The identification of hotspots must be accompanied by the description of the overall network of stable and unstable hotspots of malaria, especially in medium and low transmission settings where malaria elimination is targeted. Targeting hotspots with malaria control interventions has, so far, not produced expected benefits. In this work we have employed a mechanistic-stochastic algorithm to identify clusters of super-spreader houses and their related stable hotspots by accounting for mosquito flight capabilities and the spatial configuration of malaria infections at the house level. Our results show that the number of super-spreading houses and hotspots is dependent on the spatial configuration of the villages. In addition, super-spreaders are also associated to house characteristics such as livestock and family composition. We found that most of the transmission is associated with winds between 6pm and 10pm although later hours are also important. Mixed mosquito flight (downwind and upwind both with random components) were the most likely movements causing the spread of malaria in two out of the three study areas. Finally, our algorithm (named MALSWOTS) provided an estimate of the speed of malaria infection progression from house to house which was around 200–400 meters per day, a figure coherent with mark-release-recapture studies of Anopheles dispersion. Cross validation using an out-of-sample procedure showed accurate identification of hotspots. Our findings provide a significant contribution towards the identification and development of optimal tools for efficient and effective spatio-temporal targeted malaria interventions over potential hotspot areas.
A new family of structurally conserved fungal effectors displays epistatic interactions with plant resistance proteins
Authors: Lazar Noureddine , Mesarich Carl H. , Petit-Houdenot Yohann , Talbi Nacera , Li de la Sierra-Gallay Ines , Zélie Emilie , Blondeau Karine , Gracy Jérôme , Ollivier Bénédicte , Blaise Françoise , Rouxel Thierry , Balesdent Marie-Hélène , Idnurm Alexander , van Tilbeurgh Herman , Fudal Isabelle
Published: July 2022

Recognition of a pathogen avirulence (AVR) effector protein by a cognate plant resistance (R) protein triggers a set of immune responses that render the plant resistant. Pathogens can escape this so-called Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI) by different mechanisms including the deletion or loss-of-function mutation of the AVR gene, the incorporation of point mutations that allow recognition to be evaded while maintaining virulence function, and the acquisition of new effectors that suppress AVR recognition. The Dothideomycete Leptosphaeria maculans, causal agent of oilseed rape stem canker, is one of the few fungal pathogens where suppression of ETI by an AVR effector has been demonstrated. Indeed, AvrLm4-7 suppresses Rlm3- and Rlm9-mediated resistance triggered by AvrLm3 and AvrLm5-9, respectively. The presence of AvrLm4-7 does not impede AvrLm3 and AvrLm5-9 expression, and the three AVR proteins do not appear to physically interact. To decipher the epistatic interaction between these L. maculans AVR effectors, we determined the crystal structure of AvrLm5-9 and obtained a 3D model of AvrLm3, based on the crystal structure of Ecp11-1, a homologous AVR effector candidate from Fulvia fulva. Despite a lack of sequence similarity, AvrLm5-9 and AvrLm3 are structural analogues of AvrLm4-7 (structure previously characterized). Structure-informed sequence database searches identified a larger number of putative structural analogues among L. maculans effector candidates, including the AVR effector AvrLmS-Lep2, all produced during the early stages of oilseed rape infection, as well as among effector candidates from other phytopathogenic fungi. These structural analogues are named LARS (for Leptosphaeria AviRulence and Suppressing) effectors. Remarkably, transformants of L. maculans expressing one of these structural analogues, Ecp11-1, triggered oilseed rape immunity in several genotypes carrying Rlm3. Furthermore, this resistance could be suppressed by AvrLm4-7. These results suggest that Ecp11-1 shares a common activity with AvrLm3 within the host plant which is detected by Rlm3, or that the Ecp11-1 structure is sufficiently close to that of AvrLm3 to be recognized by Rlm3.
Germinal center activity and B cell maturation are associated with protective antibody responses against Plasmodium pre-erythrocytic infection
Authors: Visweswaran Ganesh Ram R. , Vijayan Kamalakannan , Chandrasekaran Ramyavardhanee , Trakhimets Olesya , Brown Samantha L. , Vigdorovich Vladimir , Yang Ashton , Raappana Andrew , Watson Alex , Selman William , Zuck Meghan , Dambrauskas Nicholas , Kaushansky Alexis , Sather D. Noah
Published: July 2022

Blocking Plasmodium, the causative agent of malaria, at the asymptomatic pre-erythrocytic stage would abrogate disease pathology and prevent transmission. However, the lack of well-defined features within vaccine-elicited antibody responses that correlate with protection represents a major roadblock to improving on current generation vaccines. We vaccinated mice (BALB/cJ and C57BL/6J) with Py circumsporozoite protein (CSP), the major surface antigen on the sporozoite, and evaluated vaccine-elicited humoral immunity and identified immunological factors associated with protection after mosquito bite challenge. Vaccination achieved 60% sterile protection and otherwise delayed blood stage patency in BALB/cJ mice. In contrast, all C57BL/6J mice were infected similar to controls. Protection was mediated by antibodies and could be passively transferred from immunized BALB/cJ mice into naïve C57BL/6J. Dissection of the underlying immunological features of protection revealed early deficits in antibody titers and polyclonal avidity in C57BL/6J mice. Additionally, PyCSP-vaccination in BALB/cJ induced a significantly higher proportion of antigen-specific B-cells and class-switched memory B-cell (MBCs) populations than in C57BL/6J mice. Strikingly, C57BL/6J mice also had markedly fewer CSP-specific germinal center experienced B cells and class-switched MBCs compared to BALB/cJ mice. Analysis of the IgG γ chain repertoires by next generation sequencing in PyCSP-specific memory B-cell repertoires also revealed higher somatic hypermutation rates in BALB/cJ mice than in C57BL/6J mice. These findings indicate that the development of protective antibody responses in BALB/cJ mice in response to vaccination with PyCSP was associated with increased germinal center activity and somatic mutation compared to C57BL/6J mice, highlighting the key role B cell maturation may have in the development of vaccine-elicited protective antibodies against CSP.
Porto-Sinusoidal Vascular Disease in a Patient With Diffuse Aortitis and Massive Ascites
Authors: Lin Emily , Lee Brian T.
Published: July 2022

A 69-year-old man with no history of liver disease presented with massive ascites. Imaging demonstrated diffuse wall thickening of the entire aorta, renal pelvis, and ureters along with an enlarged main portal vein, portosystemic collaterals, and peritoneal thickening concerning for large vessel vasculitis. Liver biopsy was consistent with obliterative portal venopathy. The patient was started on corticosteroid therapy with improvement in his ascites. This case study reveals a rare association between vasculitis and portal-sinusoidal vascular disease and idiopathic non-cirrhotic portal hypertension, highlighting the heterogenous clinical presentation of this disease entity.
Are EU restrictive measures really targeted, temporary and preventive? The case of Belarus
Authors: Miadzvetskaya Yuliya , Challet Celia
Published: July 2022

Questions related to the EU’s ability to foster change in the behaviour of third countries through sanctions have gained salience over the past three decades. This article explores how the nature and type of EU restrictive measures, initially conceived as targeted, preventive and temporary measures, have evolved considerably since then. The EU sanctions against Belarus are used as an illustrative case study in order to shed light on the evolutions within the EU’s sanctions practice. This article first examines the erosion of the targeted character of EU sanctions against Belarus through the broadening of listing criteria and the increasing recourse to sectoral sanctions. It then questions the temporary character of EU sanctions against Belarus by highlighting their indefinite duration and cyclicity. Last but not least, it is argued that EU sanctions against Belarus have an increasingly punitive character. The article concludes with an analysis of the implications that the EU’s evolving sanctions practice can have for the current EU’s sanctions policy toward Belarus as well as for its other sanctions regimes.
Pengembangan Buku Bacaan Berjenjang Mata Pelajaran IPA Untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Anisa Nur Izza Fitria
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (R&D) menggunakan model 4D, yaitu Define, Design Develope, dan Disseminate. Namun, pengembangan ini hanya pada sampai tahap Develope. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik produk buku bacaan berjenjang dan mengetahui kualitas produk yang dikembangkan. Penilaian dilakukan melalui ahli materi, ahli media, dan guru IPA SD yang meliputi 9 aspek penilaian dengan menggunakan instrumen lembar penilaian skala 4. Hasil penilaian berupa data kuantitatif dan kualitatif yang kemudian dianalisis dengan pedoman kriteria penilaian ideal untuk menentukan kualitas buku bacaan berjenjang. Produk yang dikembangkan direkomendasikan untuk kelas IV tema 2 pokok bahasan energi dan kelas V tema 3 pokok bahasan sistem pencernaan manusia yang diberi judul “Yuk, Cari Tahu”. Karakteristik produk terdiri dari 20 halaman yang dikemas dalam bentuk cerita dan terdiri dari satu gambar tiap halaman. Berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi menunjukkan bahwa kualitas buku Baik (SB) dengan skor 2 dari total skor 2, penilaian ahli media menunjukkan bahwa kualitas buku Sangat Baik (SB) dengan skor 6 dari total skor 6 dan  penilaian guru IPA SD menunjukan bahwa kualitas buku Sangat Baik (SB) dengan skor 31,2 dari total skor 36 dengan persentase keidealan sebesar 87%. Oleh karena itu, produk pengembangan layak dijadikan sebagai media pembelajaran.
Pengaruh Program Latihan Profesi (PLP) Terhadap Minat Dan Kesiapan Menjadi Calon Guru Kimia Yang Profesional
Authors: Arum Dwi Jayanti
Published: July 2022

Guru mempunyai peranan sangat penting di bidang pendidikan dalam rangka peningkatan mutu pendidikan dan menempatkan kedudukannya sebagai tenaga profesional. Dalam rangka mewujudkan guru yang profesional maka harus dilakukan dari dasar. Seorang guru sebelum mengajar harus memiliki kesiapan mengajar yang matang. Salah satu cara untuk mengasah kompetensi mengajar mahasiswa calon guru dengan mengikuti kegiatan Program Latihan Profesi (PLP). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh Program Latihan Profesi (PLP) terhadap minat dan kesiapan menjadi guru profesional pada mahasiswa pendidikan kimia. Serta mengetahui pengaruh minat dan kesiapan menjadi guru yang profesional pada mahasiswa pendidikan kimia. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analitik yaitu menjabarkan dan menganalisis fenomena yang ditemukan di lapangan sehingga akan menghasilkan kesimpulan yang obyektif berupa data-data deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini dalah mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Kimia angkatan 2015 dan 2016 yang telah lulus dalam mata kuliah micro teaching dan telah mengikuti Program Latihan Profesi (PLP) serta mahasiswa alumni pendidikan kimia yang bekerja sebagai guru. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini antara lain: wawancara, dokumentasi, dan angket (kuesioner). Analisis data dilakukan dengan statistik deskriptif menggunakan persentase. Keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber dan triangulasi teknik. Secara keseluruhan persentase proses Program Latihan Profesi (PLP) yang dilaksanakan mahasiswa yaitu sebesar 85,9% artinya mahasiswa telah melaksanakan kegiatan Program Latihan Profesi (PLP) dengan sangat baik. Dimana selama proses Program Latihan Profesi (PLP) tersebut juga menimbulkan minat bagi mahasiswa menjadi seorang guru. Persentase minat mahasiswa menjadi guru didapat angka sebesar 86,8%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa minat mahasiswa terhadap profesi guru sangat baik. Program Latihan Profesi (PLP) dapat dikatakan menjadi salah satu faktor eksternal yang berpengaruh terhadap minat tersebut. Keberminatan mahasiswa calon guru tersebut selaras dengan hasil persentase kesiapan mahasiswa yaitu sebesar 79,9%, angka tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kesiapan mahasiswa untuk menjadi guru profesional adalah sangat baik. Kesiapan inilah yang diperlukan untuk menjadi guru profesional.
Pengembangan Modul Pembelajaran Kimia SMA/MA Materi Hidrokarbon Dan Minyak Bumi Berwawasan Lingkungan Hidup
Authors: Izza Kamilah  , Retno Aliyatul Fikroh
Published: July 2022

Interaksi antara aktivitas manusia dan lingkungan sangat mempengaruhi kondisi suatu lingkungan, sehingga sikap peduli lingkungan perlu ditanamkan sejak dini. Integrasi permasalahan lingkungan ke dalam materi pembelajaran adalah salah satu cara menanamkan sikap peduli lingkungan. Permasalahan lingkungan yang disajikan dalam pembelajaran akan menuntut peserta didik untuk mengamati dan mempelajari keadaan lingkungan sekitar sehingga dapat menumbuhkan kepekaan terhadap lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan dan menganalisis kualitas modul materi hidrokarbon dan minyak bumi berwawasan lingkungan hidup berdasarkan penilaian ahli materi, ahli media, pendidik kimia SMA/MA, dan respon peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (R&D) dengan model pengembangan 4D (define. design, develop, disseminate) namun hanya dibatasi sampai tahap develop. Hasil penilaian kualitas produk mendapatkan kategori sangat baik, sehingga hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa modul materi hidrokarbon dan minyak bumi berwawasan lingkungan hidup yang dikembangkan sangat baik dan layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran kimia.
Hubungan antara Kemandirian Belajar Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kimia Siswa Kelas X SMAN 7 Purworejo
Authors: Heni Astuti
Published: July 2022

Pelaksanaan pendidikan karakter dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan program full day school. Kemandirian belajar sangat penting dalam proses belajar terutama dalam mata pelajaran kimia, karena kimia dianggap sulit oleh siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kategori kemandirian belajar kimia kelas X SMA N 7 Purworejo dan menganalisis hubungan antara kemandirian belajar dengan hasil belajar kimia kelas X SMA N 7 Purworejo. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif yang bersifat Ex- Post Facto dengan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah simple random sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah angket, observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskripsi data, analisis regresi linier sederhana, dan korelasi Kendall’s Tau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemandirian belajar kimia siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 7 Purworejo berdasarkan hasil data angket pada kategori sedang sedangkan kemandirian belajar kimia siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 7 Purworejo berdasarkan hasil data observasi pada kategori tinggi serta terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan pengaruh kemandirian belajar terhadap hasil belajar kimia siswa kelas X SMA Negeri 7 Purworejo tahun 2017/2018 yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi (R) data angket sebesar 0,288, nilai (R2) 0,121 dan nilai sig. 0,000 dengan taraf sig. 0,05 dan persamaan regresi Y = 40,457 + 0,299 X. Dan nilai koefisien korelasi (R) data observasi sebesar 0,611, nilai (R2) 0,334 dan nilai sig. 0,000 dengan taraf sig. 0,05 dan persamaan regresi Y = 18,801 + 0,622 X.
«... por embusteras y hechiçeras y que con brujería mataron a un niño». María González, María Bautista y María de Cárdenas ante el Tribunal inquisitorial de Toledo (1645-1647)
Authors: Zamora Calvo María Jesús
Published: July 2022

El propósito de este estudio es el de examinar el proceso que se abrió contra tres mujeres: María González, María Bautista y María de Cárdenas, por parte del Tribunal de la Inquisición de Toledo, que ocupó cientos de folios y que se prolongó de 1645 a 1647. En este artículo deseamos poner el foco de atención en esta causa para analizar, a partir de un hecho luctuoso como la muerte de un niño, cómo se articuló un mecanismo social mediante el cual se fue acorralando a unas mujeres que vivieron sin estar sometidas a una autoridad masculina; algo que hizo recaer sobre ellas toda sospecha de culpa, evidenciando la discriminación, el rechazo y los prejuicios existentes contra ellas en la Castilla de mediados del siglo xvii. Intentaremos extraer conclusiones apoyándonos en la riqueza indiscutible del relato inquisitorial para que así el lector tenga su propia opinión sobre el tema.
Las periferias arden, breve reflexión y estudio de caso de la Antropología en la Universidad del Magdalena, años 2007 y 2012
Authors: Gomez Pertuz Andres Fernando
Published: July 2022

En el presente artículo se lleva a cabo una reflexión antropológica a nivel regional, puntualmente, con el caso de la Universidad del Magdalena, la cual se basa en un estudio de caso sobre dos textos producidos por el grupo de investigación Oraloteca: 1) pensando la región: Etnografías propias para la construcción de un discurso regional (Silva, 2007) y 2) OBSERVAR: ¿QUÉ Y PARA QUÉ? ALGUNAS REFLEXIONES SOBRE LAS PRÁCTICAS METODOLÓGICAS EN EL EJERCICIO ETNOGRAFICO (Silva, 2012). Cabe mencionar que estos dos textos no abarcan toda la escritura producida por la Universidad del Magdalena en los 20 años de vida de su Programa de Antropología, pero, a pesar de esto, pueden ser útiles como material referencial y de análisis dado a que fueron escritos en un contexto que buscaba dar unas bases para un discurso propio desde el programa que, a su vez, logrará mostrar las problemáticas de la región caribe en Colombia. Por lo tanto, se pretende, a partir de los dos textos, seguir el debate sobre el pensamiento antropológico en el Programa de Antropología de la Universidad del Magdalena, ampliando dicho marco de discusión, ya iniciado por estos textos.
REFORMULASI KETENTUAN MASA KERJA PADA PERJANJIAN KERJA WAKTU TERTENTU BERDASARKAN JANGKA WAKTU
Authors: Haidar Mahdi
Published: July 2022

Adanya Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 35 Tahun 2021 tentang Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tertentu (PKWT), Alih Daya, Waktu Kerja dan Waktu Istirahat, dan PHK berdampak pada hilangnya ketentuan masa kerja PKWT yang dibatasi maksimal lima tahun. Hal itu menimbulkan ketidakpastian masa kerja bagi buruh. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis akibat hukum masa kerja PKWT dan memberikan rekomendasi ketentuan ideal mengenai masa kerja PKWT. Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil Penelitian ini adalah ketentuan peralihan PKWT menjadi Perjanjian Kerja Waktu Tidak Tertentu (PKWTT) harus dikembalikan menjadi wewenang Pengadilan Hubungan Industrial, sehingga output dari sengketa peralihan status perjanjian kerja berbentuk putusan yang dapat dieksekusi.
Family Context, Identity and Internet Use: A Cross-Sectional Study in a Group of Italian Adolescents During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Monica Pellerone , Razza Stesy Giuseppa , Torvisco Juan Martinez , Lo Piccolo Alessandra
Published: July 2022

Literature has demonstrated the adaptive function of identity development and family context toward manifestation of problem behaviors in adolescence.

The present research investigates: a) the influence of dysfunctional family dynamics on the Internet use; b) the impact that psychological and physical sensations - following excessive Internet use - can have on the quality of family relationships.

The research involved 150 Italian students (65 males and 85 females) aged between 14 and 20 years (M =15.99, S.D = 1.94). The research lasted for 1 school year.

Participants completed: an anamnestic questionnaire; the Family Assessment Device (FAD) in order to value the family functioning; and a self-report constructed ad hoc questionnaire, named “Adolescents and Digital Technologies” to measure frequency of use of social networks and Internet, the motivation for the use of social networks, the physical and psychological sensation perceived following their use.

Data show the influence of gender and age on the general use of Internet; the influence of gender on psychological and physical sensations experienced by adolescent participants while using the Internet; and the predictive role of the family emotional involvement on Internet use.

Family is a context for learning models and values that affect the wider social and regulatory context, and for this reason it is considered the privileged context in which to intervene to reduce behavioral problems of adolescents.
The Construction of Middle School Chemistry Efficient Classrooms Under the Background of New Curriculum Reform in China
Authors: Gao Yuan , Xu Suyi , Xu Ying
Published: July 2022

From 1949 to the present, China's basic education has undergone eight curriculum reforms. The “Outline of China's Education Reform and Development ”issued in June 1994 clearly put forward the concept of quality education, and "quality education" has become the main theme of curriculum reform. In 2022, a new round of curriculum reform vigorously implemented the policy of "core literacy" and comprehensively cultivating high-quality talents. Quality education and high-efficiency classroom teaching research to comprehensively promote core literacy education have been paid more and more attention by the majority of researchers. The revised two-dimensional framework of the theory of Bloom's classification of educational objectives is helpful to build an efficient classroom and cultivate students' high-level thinking. In combination with the teaching practice under the background of basic education reform, this study discusses the construction methods and strategies of high-efficiency chemistry classroom in Middle School under the theory of Bloom's classification of educational objectives.
Capitalism, Justice, and the Boundaries of Liberalism
Authors: Lukes Steven
Published: July 2022

The argument of Katrina Forrester’s In the Shadow of Justice explains the present neglect of Rawlsian thinking in the social and political world beyond academia. She there convincingly shows how its deep assumptions, conceptual framing and narrow view of what constitutes politics disabled it from grappling with the subsequent massive transformations of capitalism. Her second argument, advanced in her article and questioned here, offers an ideology critique of Rawlsian thinking that claims, in its strongest version, that such thinking fails to acknowledge that capitalism is not reformable and that this failure derives from its liberal assumptions. What is needed, she claims, is a critique that implies the feasibility of attaining a post-capitalist world that is based on a theory that goes beyond the boundaries of liberalism.
Positive solutions for fractional differential equation at resonance under integral boundary conditions
Authors: Wang Youyu , Huang Yue , Li Xianfei
Published: July 2022

By using the theory of fixed point index and spectral theory of linear operators, we study the existence of positive solutions for Riemann-Liouville fractional differential equations at resonance. Our approach will provide some new ideas for the study of this kind of problem.