bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of varying concentrations of CO2 on the buildup of carbohydrates in microalgae biomass
Authors: Mahmoudi Henda , Kossalbayev Bekzhan , Sarsekeyeva Fariza , Zaletova Dilnaz , Lyaguta Mariya
Published: April 2024

Microalgae have gained popularity over the century due to their numerous intrinsic properties superior to higher plants, making them a potential target and feedstock for the development of biotechnological products in various fields. The storage of carbohydrates within microalgae cells positions them as a promising reservoir for biofuel production and a range of other valuable bioproducts, encompassing biological compounds, nutritional supplements, and more. Key determinants influencing microalgae carbohydrate levels comprise nutrient availability, light intensity, temperature, and CO2 concentrations. In this context, the CO2 concentration plays a key role, as it is one of the main factors influencing the photosynthetic processes. This study aimed to explore the impact of different CO2 concentrations on the carbohydrate profile of biomass sourced from Chlorella vulgaris sp. BB-2 and Scenedesmus quadicauda B-1. The findings revealed that a CO2 concentration of 2% v/v notably enhanced carbohydrate accumulation, reaching 75.5% for Chlorella vulgaris sp. BB-2 and 72.0% for Scenedesmus quadicauda B-1.
Optimal amount of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FH1-RS1 and Bacillus cereus R19 to inhibit the growth of Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Al-Rashid Jubair , Wang Jingjing , Zhang Xiaoxia , Chai Qianqian , Huang Zhiyong
Published: April 2024

Biological control of Verticillium wilt caused by Verticillium dahliae is a green and sustainable strategy. However, the antifungal activities of different amounts of biocontrol bacterial are still not understand. This study investigates the antifungal activity of different amount of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens FH1-RS1 and Bacillus cereus R19 against Verticillium dahliae V991 by dual culture plate. The results showed that both the fungal inhibition rate (FIR) and far fungal inhibition rate (FFIR) of B. amyloliquefaciens FH1-RS1 elevated with the increasing volume. The highest FIR (77.78%) and FFIR (58.33%) of B. amyloliquefaciens FH1-RS1 were both in 22 μL volume (7.2 × 108 CFU/mL). The highest FIR of B. cereus R19 was 48.15% in 12, 18 and 20 μL volume (1.2 × 108 CFU/mL). The highest FFIR of B. cereus R19 was 38.89% in 6 μL volume. This suggests that not all biocontrol bacteria have higher antifungal activity in higher amounts.
Assessment of risk for antibiotic residues in milk of dairy livestock: A meta-analysis over the last decade
Authors: Kabdullina Zaira , Konuspayeva Gaukhar , Utemuratova Dariga , Akhmetsadykov Nurlan , Amutova Farida
Published: April 2024

Nowadays, different types of antibiotics are being widely used in livestock for therapeutic purposes to treat infections. Significant quantities of them are excreted and remain in produced food items, including milk. This indicates improper use of antibiotics which may have serious consequences for human health. This comprehensive review was conducted with the aim to summarize existing knowledge about evaluation of antibiotic residues in milk of different livestock animals. This review involves 35 articles retrieved from PubMed, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect and Web of Science databases published from 2010 to 2023 and compares on the group of antibiotics identified, type of milk selected and various methods that were applied to undertake the research. Results showed that cow milk is the most intensively examined milk type (88.6%), whereas others, namely goat, camel, buffalo and sheep are less investigated on antibiotic residues. Among the techniques, chromatographic is revealed to be the most common due to its significant advantages over other methods. In addition, it was concluded that tetracyclines with the share of 85.6% are the group of antibiotics that is the most frequently studied in research articles.
The use of predatory fungi of the genus Arthrobotrys isolated from soil in the farmlands of Southern Kazakhstan to control nematode infections in tomato plants
Authors: Kanalbek Gulzat , Alimbayev Amir , Ultanbekova Gulnar , Mukhatayeva Karlygash , Boguspayev Kenzhe-Karim
Published: April 2024

In Kazakhstan, parasitic nematodes affect up to 35-40% of the harvest of sugar beets, potatoes and tomatoes. Until recently, сhemical nematicides were used to control nematode numbers but posed risks of toxicity to humans and animals, and their effectiveness decreased due to resistant nematodes. There is an urgent need to create alternative non-toxic plant protection products. Arthrobotrys oligospora is one of the most studied hyphomycete fungi that is used to create biological products against nematodes. In a laboratory experiment in a pot culture, the activity of Arthrobotrys predatory fungi against parasitic nematodes of the genus Meloidogyne was assessed when growing tomatoes of the «F1 Russian size» variety in a vermiculite/soil mixture. Physiological indicators of plant growth (stem length, number of leaves, stem and root weight) were used for analysis. To ensure the reliability of the obtained results of the activity of predatory fungi, the number of nematodes and the presence of colonies of native predatory fungi in the soil samples of the used variants post-experiment were taken into account. The length of stems, the number of leaves and the weight of roots and stems during the growing season changed within the experimental error. The most significant result was estimated by the number of live nematodes post-experiment. It was shown that when preparations of predatory fungi were added to the soil, the number of nematodes significantly decreased in all variants. Thus, the nematophagous activity of local predatory fungi of the genus Arthrobotrys in tomato cultivation has been proven.
Chocolate with probiotic microcapsules is a new product of functional nutrition
Authors: Khamitkyzy Zhazira , Kistaubayeva Aida , Savitskaya Irina , Karpenyuk Tatyana , Goncharova Alla
Published: April 2024

Probiotics can help improve digestion, strengthen the immune system and even fight diseases. But until now, there was no easy way to introduce enough probiotics into our body. Microencapsulated probiotics offer a solution to this problem. They are small enough to be easily digested, and are protected from the aggressive environment of the stomach. Chocolate represents a ubiquitous and popular consumable, yet probiotics within food matrices necessitate strategies for stress mitigation and enhancement of viability. One such method involves the encapsulation of probiotic cells within alginate microspheres, amenable for incorporation into chocolate matrices. In this regard, the aim of study is to explore the effect of microencapsulation on the survival of probiotics in chocolate. Conventional microbiological methods were used: growing bacteria in liquid and solid media, determining the titer of bacteria using the Koch method. The results demonstrated the successful production of chocolate containing microcapsules of probiotics with favourable organoleptic properties. Enhanced viability preservation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG in microcapsules compared to free cells was observed.
Determination of resistance to yellow rust in new breeding mutant lines of spring wheat at adult plant and seedlings stages
Authors: Kenzhebayeva Saule , Shoinbekova Sabina , Saifulla Dias , Sadykbek Tolganay , Serfling Albrecht
Published: April 2024

Stripe (yellow, YR) rust bringing about by fungal pathogen of Puccinia striforms Westend Westend. is a serious wheat disease that poses substantial threats to the global wheat yield. Currently, the appearance of virulent fungus races is overcomed restricted by the studed resistance genes of wheat. Seach and identification of new genetic sources with durable resistance genes can allow efficiently to incorporate these target genes into germplasm pools. To increase spring wheat genetic diversity, on the back phone of parental variety Kazakhstanskay-19 (WT) characterizing by rust resistance through physical mutagenesis bythe various gamma irradiation doses, namely 300-, 350-, and 400 Gy, new M3 mutant lines were created. From these new mutant resources, the 75 genotypes having higher yield-associated parameters such as grains number and weight per main spike comparing the parent variety were selected by phenotyping as the adult plant resistant (APR) under rust infected field trial. To measure resistance of these breeding lines at seedling stage by microscopy through the number of haustorial mother cells formation induced by YR treatment with the isolate of Puccinia striforms “Warrior” as temporary responses was carried out. Almost all of spring wheat mutant lines (93.0%, 70 samples from 75 mutant lines) identified as APR to YR had a strong association with SR which is developed on longer time of infection. The most effective dose of irradiation to generate the genetic variation was 350 Gy with mean of 60.08 (p<0.005) according to Anova analysis.
Effect of macro and micro elements on the formation of secondary metabolites in Ornithogalum sintenisii
Authors: Mammadov Ramazan , Sadıglı Aysel , Mammadova Günay , Qulizade Sona , Karimova Tamilla
Published: April 2024

The ecological environment created by the influence of anthropogenic factors has made the living conditions of living creatures difficult. The development of industry, the creation of new cities, and new workplaces created to meet the needs of the increasing world population disrupt the ecological balance. One of the plant species exposed to these effects is the Ornithogalum sintenisii Freyn species. Although this species is widely distributed in the northern region of Azerbaijan, its population has decreased much compared to the 1980s. In this study, the soil-plant relationship of O. sintenisii species and the effects of this relationship on phenolic and flavonoid formation were learned. As a result of the research, the amounts of phenolic and flavonoids in the bulb and leaf parts of the species are normal and it is thought that this is due to the effect of some micro and macro elements found in the soil and plant structure. O. sintenisii species, distributed in Mumlu village of Şabran district, grows in gray-brown soils, and the normal amounts of Cu (7.09 ppm) and Mn (24.83 ppm) in these soils positively affected the formation of flavonoids. Finally, it is possible to say that the extracts of this species are a rich source of secondary metabolites and have pharmacological value.
Assessment of milk biosafety for the content of antiparasitic drugs used for human consumption in different countries: Review
Authors: Utemuratova Dariga , Konuspayeva Gaukhar , Kabdullina Zaira , Akhmetsadykov Nurlan , Amutova Farida
Published: April 2024

Milk is a staple food consumed all over the world which has significant impact both economically and nutritionally. Even if the milk is nutritious and healthful, it can also contain antiparasitic drugs residues that dangerous to human health. Inappropriate using antiparasitic drugs for producing animals may cause serious disorder in humans. This review was aimed to find out and analyze how much the dosage of injections and the excretion period of antiparasitic drugs from animal milks have been studied for safe human consumption. Totally, 15 papers about antiparasitic drugs usage for different animals were analyzed. The results showed that the most studied animal to date is the cow for ivermectin, albendazole and abamectin residues. More research works are required to be done for animals as goats, sheep, and especially camels to know after how many periods of time antiparasitic drugs will be excreted. As camel milk gains popularity due to it is possessing therapeutic and immunostimulant properties, more experimental results are needed into veterinary drugs safety measures. One of the mainly used method to conduct experiment is high-performance liquid chromatography because of superior resolving power when separate mixtures.
Application of the switchSENSE® technology for real-time study of pesticides interaction with biological molecules
Authors: Baratzhanova Gulminyam , Girardet Jean-Michel , Fournier Agnès , Djansugurova Leyla , Cakir-Kiefer Céline
Published: April 2024

Organochlorine pesticides have been extensively utilized in agriculture and pest control, and still contributing to numerous health issues. However, the mechanism underlying the transportation of these compounds through animal and human body is not well understood. The switchSENSE® technology is an original and powerful tool in biosensing, which demonstrates high sensitivity in detecting a variety of biological interaction which involves proteins, nucleic acids and small molecules. There has been a growing interest in using switchSENSE® technology for detecting interactions between proteins and environmental pollutants in recent years. Therefore, the aim of this study is to refine and enhance the methodology of the switchSENSE® technology to facilitate characterization of real time interaction between biological transport molecule, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and organochlorine pesticides. Using this technology, we noticed the conformational change in structure and protein hydrodynamic diameter (DH) of BSA in response to Chlordecone (CLD) and Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT). We also identified the possible obstacles, that should be resolved in future researches.
Mutagenic activity of water samples from Kaskelen River (Kazakhstan) on plant test systems
Authors: Jenisbayeva Assel , Lovinskaya Anna , Dauletbayeva Saniya
Published: April 2024

Rivers are pivotal in the life processes of all living organisms, including humans. The engagement of rivers in daily human economic endeavours has precipitated and continues to precipitate disturbances in the ecological equilibrium, long-established by the forces of evolution. Consequently, providing clean, high-quality water is paramount for sustaining all life forms. This investigation aimed to examine the mutagenic potential of water samples from the Kaskelen River, which is subjected to anthropogenic influences, employing plant-based test subjects. The water’s mutagenic properties were assessed through an assay for chromosomal aberrations (utilizing the metaphase approach) on Hordeum vulgare L. The results demonstrated a statistically significant decline in the mitotic index under all experimental conditions compared to the negative control (p<0.05), indicating the cytotoxic effects of the water samples under study. Further analysis of the water’s mutagenic activity elucidated its capacity to induce structural mutations within the root meristem cells of barley, manifesting a significant uptick in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations relative to the negative control (p<0.05). The extensive array of observed chromosomal rearrangements underscores the existence of mutagenic agents in the river’s water, possessing a broad spectrum of effects.
Putative Role of the Futile Repair Initiated by Human Thymine-DNA Glycosylase in Formation of Programmed Strand Breaks in Neuronal Enhancers
Authors: Manapkyzy Diana , Saparbaev Murat , Taipakova Sabira
Published: April 2024

Enhancers are regulatory DNA elements that play a crucial role in controlling gene expression in specific cell types, including neurons. Enhancer activity is tightly regulated and involves the recruitment of various proteins and enzymes to facilitate the opening of chromatin and the activation of target genes. Given the importance of enhancers in neuronal function, the presence of single-strand DNA breaks (SSBs) in these regions raises intriguing questions about their potential impact on gene regulation and neuronal activity. Single-strand DNA breaks (SSBs) have been identified as important lesions in the genome, with the potential to influence gene expression and genomic stability. By understanding the role of SSB repair and human mono-functional Thymine-DNA glycosylase (TDG) catalyzed futile excision of regular bases in enhancer regions, we may gain insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying neurological disorders and potentially identify new therapeutic targets for intervention.
Molecular screening for the presence of Magnaporthe oryzae resistance Pi-b gene in rice hybrids
Authors: Ospanova Asem , Mynbayeva Dana , Turganova Chinara , Usenbekov Bakdaulet , Amirova Aigul , Berkimbay Khorlan , Zhunusbayeva Zhazira , Utepbergenov Ersultan
Published: April 2024

Blast is a rice disease that affects all above-ground parts of the plant, such as nodes, stems, panicles, leaves, etc. Damage to these plant organs negatively affects the developmental stage, that is, the growing season of the plant. As a result, it is the reason for the formation of puny seeds and decreased productivity. The creation of lines and varieties resistant to blast disease is an urgent problem for all regions involved in rice growing. The reason is the rapid adaptation of the pathogen to environmental conditions, as well as to the immune defense of plants. This research includes results of crossing domestic highly productive zoned varieties with donor varieties of blast resistance genes. Three lines have been identified that carry the blast resistance gene Pi b in their genotype. To assess the productivity of the resulting lines, the elements of the crop structure were assessed and the preservation of productivity by the new lines was determined.
Assessment of the genotoxic potential of soil-associated DDTs and its metabolites using the Salmonella/microsome assay
Authors: Turganova Ronagul , Koishekenova Gulshat , Zaypanova Saule , Delannoy Matthieu , Jurjanz Stefan , Bekmanov Bakhytzhan
Published: April 2024

The study aimed to assess the genotoxicity of different DDT contaminated soils (with different amendment types) in benzene extracts. A Salmonella/microsome assay without metabolic activation (-S9) was performed to evaluate the efficiency to initiate the mutations of remediated and non-remediated soils. The number of revertants mutations in his+ in TA100 and TA98 strains were obtained, and compared to soils without DDT, and remediated DDT containing soils. The interpretation of the data suggests that, mutagenic activity was high for the non-remediated soils samples Kyzylkairat and Beskainar, and revealed in the scale as a weak mutagen. Soil samples treated with DARCO, ORBO, Sarg<150μm, and Sarg>150μm in Kyzylkairat and Beskainar exhibited a decreasing level of mutagenic activity, which is in line with the decreased environmental availability in these soil. Overall, the study indicates that strains TA100 and TA98 are valuable tools for rapidly assessing the potential mutagenicity of soil contaminated with OCPs.
Potentials of electron microscopic examination in the diagnosis of genetically determined disorders related to morphology and motility of human spermatozoa
Authors: Bragina Elizabeth , Zadubenko Denis , Kalimagambetov Aitkali , Lebedeva Lina , Unusmetov Islom
Published: April 2024

Despite infertility is known as a serious medical and social issue, commercial panels for the determination of genetically caused disorders of morphology and motility of spermatozoa are not available in the territory of the Eurasian Economic Union. Electron microscopic examination of spermatozoa (EMIS) represents a promising method that allows to visualize and analyze structural anomalies in spermatozoa at a level which is not accessible by other methods. The study included transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of spermatozoa. Native sperm was diluted and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Ultrathin sections were obtained on an UltraCut III microtome. Analysis was performed at magnifications of x4000, x25000. Spermatozoa were analyzed on a JEM-1011 electron microscope at different magnifications to identify the general appearance, axonemal anomalies, chromatin of the nucleus, and mitochondria. EMIS serves as a tool for detailed analysis of the morphology of spermatozoa in patients with asthenozoospermia (AZS) and teratozoospermia (TZS), and their combination. The obtained data provide a basis for more accurate diagnosis and personalized treatment approaches, contributing to increased effectiveness in overcoming infertility.
Ecological analysis of peanut nematodes in Surkhondaryo region
Authors: Choriyev Siroj , Khurramov Alisher , Khurramov Shukur , Mardonayeva Dilsora
Published: April 2024

The article carried out an ecological analysis of nematodes recorded in peanut crops in the Surkhandarya oasis. In order to study phytohelminthological fauna in 2019-2022, 442 samples of peanut plant roots and 442 samples of the soil around the roots were taken in 26 farms belonging to 13 districts of Surkhandarya oasis. Systematics of 136 species of nematodes found in the peanut plant as a result of the research are presented. According to the ecological analysis, there were 27 species of pararhizabionts, 13 species of eusaprobionts, 34 species of devisaprobionts, 39 species of non-pathogenic phytohelminths, and 23 species of pathogenic phytohelminths. According to the ecological analysis, the number of individuals in 5 ecological groups was distributed as follows: pararhizobionts - 839, eusaprobionts - 837, devisaprobionts - 6048 , nonpathogenic phytohelminths - 4882 and 3947 individ pathogenic phytohelminths. Among the parasitic nematodes noted to be economically important for the peanut plant are: Meloidogyne arenararia, M. javanica, M. incognita, Ditylenchus dispsaci, Xiphinema diversicaudatum, X. elongatum and X. pachtaicum.
Digitization of the flora of Kazakhstan
Authors: Demirkuş Nasip , Ünal Murat , Kurmanbayeva Meruert , Ziyanak Serbest
Published: April 2024

This study focuses on the possibilities of digitalization of plant herbariums in Kazakhstani Universities. In this paper, theoretical and practical aspects of herbarium collections digitalization according to the international standards and how this can be achieved are explained with visuals and steps of the process. First, the valid taxonomic approaches to herbarium layout should be determined jointly with the international and Kazakh herbarium experts and put forward by a common decision. In line with these decisions, the taxonomic categories of plant specimens, the repair of herbarium cardboards and changing its taxonomic histories and current valid names should also be introduced into the system. The features of some important virtual herbariums in Asia and Europe on the web have been examined and appropriate additional features have been developed. In addition to the features in other virtual herbariums, the feasibility of measuring digital images on the web page has been demonstrated with fidelity. It was also proven that a certain area of small organs of plants can be magnified by up to 60 times (by increasing dpi) with the scanner.
Potential application of GBIF platform for flora inventory of Karaganda region
Authors: Ishmuratova Margarita , Shashakov Maxim , Tleukenova Saltanat
Published: April 2024

The current biodiversity inventory has important scientific and practical implications for the country. In Kazakhstan, data on the flora of spore and vascular plants are outdated; there is a significant gap in assessing the current species composition of certain regions of Kazakhstan, including Central Kazakhstan (Karaganda and Ulytau regions). The problems of formation of a modern flora abstract are determined by the need to use the entire volume of accumulated information, both for individual findings of naturalists and multi-year collections in domestic and international herbarium collections. When carrying out research to analyze the current state of the flora of Karaganda region, the GBIF platform resources containing information on the biological diversity of flora and fauna were used. Data analysis showed that the platform has more than 130 thousand records of vascular plant finds for the territory of Kazakhstan, including 2241 records for Karaganda region with geo-referencing. The main funds containing the largest number of collections made on the territory of our region were determined. The stages of data processing and geo-linking of herbarium collections are defined. In general, a high potential for supplementing field collections with GBIF data to clarify the distribution of individual taxa and make range maps was determined.
Flora and fauna of Chingiztau
Authors: Kuanyshbayeva Meruyert , Karipbayeva Nurzia , Khromov Victor , Polevik Vassiliy , Zhumaniyazova Aigerim
Published: April 2024

The article presents the results of research on the species composition of the flora and fauna of the Chingiztau mountain range for 2013-2016. List of plants of Chingiztau includes 302 species from 126 genera and 52 families. Vascular plants of Chingiztau are grouped into seven groups by life forms: annuals, biennials, perennial grasses, shrubs, semishrubs, shrubs and trees. All plants in relation to the water regime can be divided into three groups: hygrophytes – 10%, mesophytes – 30%, xerophytes – 60%. 325 species of insects from 110 families and 14 orders have been identified in the mountainous area of Chingiztau. Representatives of the Orthoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Coleoptera orders dominate in this region.The vertebrates of Chingiztau include 112 species: fish are represented by 1 species, amphibians by two species, reptiles by three species, birds by 86 species and mammals by 20 species. On the territory of the Chingiztau ridge, 14 species of mosses belonging to 10 families and 10 genera, class 1 were identified.
Towards ecological friendly pond aquaculture in the Ili River basin (Kazakhstan, Central Asia)
Authors: Mamilov Nadir , Kegenova Gulnar , Khassengaziyeva Gulnur , Kossaibay Malika , Magda Igor
Published: April 2024

Aquaculture in Kazakhstan is today in a stage of rapid development. There are a large number of ponds in the Ili River basin, but aquaculture in most of them is carried out using routine methods. The problem is aggravated by the fact that for many rare representatives of the native fish fauna, ponds are one of the last refuges. This article presents the results of a study of fish diversity in 18 pond farms during the period 2007- 2023. The results obtained showed the possibility of long-term coexistence of carp and such valuable commercial native fish species as the Balkhash marinka Schizothorax argentatus, the Ili marinka Schizothorax pseudaksaiensis and the Balkhash perch Perca schrenkii. Rearing predatory fish such as pike perch and snakehead in ponds is not only unprofitable, but also causes significant harm to the ecosystems of water bodies. On the contrary, the cultivation of pond farms in the basins of this region together with Balkhash marina carp, Ili marina and Balkhash perch not only allows for the preservation of these valuable native species and increases the mass of marketable fish, but also significantly relieves the nutrient loading on natural water bodies.
Feeding characteristics and assessment of histopathological changes in the organs of the Sandpiper goby (Neogobius fluviatilis)
Authors: Popov Nikolay , Seidaliyeva Nagima , Seitkozhanova Yelnaz , Askar Salikha , Ibragimova Nailya
Published: April 2024

The paper presents data from ichthyological, trophological and histological studies of the Sandpiper goby (Neogobius fluviatilis) endemic to the Caspian Sea, which has an important role in trophic chains, as food object for sturgeon, semi-migratory fish species, marine migratory Clupeidae family and Caspian seal. Place of sampling for the study were stations in the Northeastern part of the Caspian Sea, which is inferior in trophic content to its other parts, which had confirmed by data from trophic studies. The basis of the studied fish nutrition was Polychaeta, Bivalvia, Crustacea and in some cases juvenile fish, which indicates their nutritional plasticity, and the fact that they are not competitors to each other in nutrition. Depending on results of fish’s visceral organs histological studies, structural changes were determined, which were more adaptive in nature and were a response to the impact of aquatic environment factors. In gills was found protozoan invasion causing hyperplasia of secondary lamellae epithelium and sloughing of respiratory epithelium. There were growths of the epithelial layer of villi in the intestine. In the liver and pancreas were detected fatty degeneration and necrotic changes. In all organs were found microcirculatory disorders, including the presence of erythrocytes with hyperchromic cytoplasm.
Studying the species distribution of rhubarbs (Rheum L.) in Kazakhstan
Authors: Aitzhan Meruyert , Aimenova Zhanar , Sumbembayev Aidar
Published: April 2024

Critical processing of herbarium materials revealed the distribution in Kazakhstan of 10 species of the genus Rheum, including Rheum compactum L., R. wittrokii Lundstr., which are classified as rare and declining in number. R. altaicum Losinsk. was discovered – relict and endemic of Altai. To clarify the distribution in Kazakhstan and compile a summary of species of the genus Rheum, 143 herbarium sheets (1840 – 2024) from the Altai Botanical Garden (ABG), Institute of Botany (AA), and the digital herbarium of Moscow State University (MW) were reviewed and processed. 253 actual places of growth were identified for 10 species of rhubarb from the flora of Kazakhstan, belonging to 5 sections: Rhapontica A. Los., Deserticola Maxim., Orbicularia A. Los., Spiciformia A. Los., Ribesiformia A. Los. A high species diversity of rhubarb was established in the Dzungarian Alatau, Altai, Tarbagatai and Ile Kungei Alatau. Geographically, the most widespread are R. tataricum, R. nanum and R. wittrockii. The research made it possible to systematize, clarify and supplement information on the species diversity and distribution of the genus Rheum in the flora of Kazakhstan.
Current state of the species composition of mycobiota in South-East Kazakhstan
Authors: Rakhimova Yelena , Kyzmetova Lyazzat , Sypabekkyzy Gulnaz , Myrzakhan Anel
Published: April 2024

To date, no information has been available on the species composition of fungi in southeastern Kazakhstan, the center of agrobiodiversity but also home to rare and endemic species. Therefore, our objective was to investigate the diversity of fungi, fungus-like organisms, and lichens in southeastern Kazakhstan. The scientific and practical significance of the work is to obtain data on the species composition of mycobiota, which will allow planning measures for its monitoring, protection and restoration. The material for the article served as the authors’ own collections, conducted in 2021-2023. The study and identification of fungi were carried out according to the standard methodology. In the study area 2864 species of fungi, fungus-like organisms and lichens from 3 kingdoms, 22 classes, 84 orders, 260 families and 770 genera were found. Among them, 36 species were new to southeastern Kazakhstan, and 8 species were new to Kazakhstan. It is worth noting that the Karasay region had the largest number of species (1547) when analyzing the distribution of fungi, fungus-like organisms, and lichens. The study’s value and practical significance lies in the data obtained on the species composition of fungi, fungus-like organisms, and lichens, including their distribution and confinement to different types of substrates.
The study of perspective medicinal plants using the example of Helianthus tuberosus L.
Authors: Utegalieva Tamila , Dukenbayeva Assiya , Ergazy Aida , Yessenova Gulden , Nurgabyl Altynay
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the results of microscopic analysis of a perspective medicinal plant Helianthus tuberosus used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. The study was conducted to identify specific morphological and structural characteristics of this plant, which may have a positive impact on the efficacy and safety of its use for medical purposes. Different types of plant material were used in the research: fresh plants, dried plant material and preserved plant material. For preservation of the latter, a special mixture consisting of ethyl alcohol, glycerol and distilled water in equal volumes was used. Anatomical study of the structure and structure of plants was carried out using several methods: to study the structure of the epidermis, surface samples were prepared, which allowed us to get a detailed idea of the cellular composition and location of the epidermis on the surface of leaves, stems and roots of plants; for a deeper study of the internal structure of plants, transverse sections were made, which were further investigated. The results of the study suggest the high potential of this plant as a basis for the development of safe and effective phytopreparations.
Assessment of the state of the cenopopulation of Cousinia mindschelkensis B. Fedtsch. of Karakuys Gorge in the Karatau Reserve
Authors: Kenesbay Akerke , Kurmantayeva Alfia , Sitpayeva Gulnara
Published: April 2024

The article presents an assessment of the state of the cenopopulation of Cousinia mindschelkensis B. Fedtsch. of Karakuys gorge in Karatau reserve. The data on distribution and cenoflora of the rare endemic species Cousinia mindschelkensis were obtained. Herbarium materials from the main herbarium funds were studied to further clarify the places of distribution of the species. Cenopopulations of the studied species were located on the northern slope of the Syrdarya Karatau, in the Karakuys Gorge on stony and rubble, rocky slopes, steppe areas of the lower belt of the mountains, occupying small areas of 1100 to 1300 meters. The study of the number, density and age spectrum of cenopopulations showed that most of them have an age spectrum with two maxima, the highest density of Cousinia mindschelkensis plants is observed in cenopopulation. The study of Cousinia mindschelkensis cenopopopulations revealed that they are located within their optimum, there is no special threat of extinction for this species here.
The petrophilic species of Campanulaceae Juss. family spread in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic
Authors: Nasirova Afruz , Orujova Aida , Alakbarov Ramiz , Aliyeva Dilruba , Abbaszade Zahrakhanum
Published: April 2024

In this article there have been reverberated the phytocenological characteristics of the representatives of Campanulaceae Juss. family spread in Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic flora. So, based on the conclusions of the study, there have been identified that, the species of Campanulaceae family can be considered refence plants for rockypetrophilic vegetation types. During the study, there have been discovered that, 9 species of Campanulaceae family have been found in rocks and debris of Nakhchivan AR. During the expeditions organized in AR regions from the low mountain zone to the alpine zone in 2012-2019 research years, 7 species of Campanulaceae family [Campanula karakuschensis Grossh., Campanula coriacea PH Davis, Campanula zangezura (Lipsky) Kolak et Serdj., Campanula sclerotricha Boiss., Campanula bayerniana Rupr., Campanula saxifraga Bieb., Campanula daralaghezica (Grossh.) Kolak et Serdjukova] have been discovered on shaded rocks and rock crevices as a representative of petrophilic vegetation type. 2 species of Campanulaceae family [Campanula massalskyi Fomin, Campanula propinqua Fisch. et C.A. Mey.] have been found on debris and pebble stones as a petrophilic vegetation type.
Plant populations at the edge of species’ distribution range: Characterization of central versus peripheral population traits
Authors: Höhn Maria , Kovács Zsófia , Vajda Gergely , Kusmangazinov Adil , Kurmanbayeva Meruyert
Published: April 2024

Related to the ongoing climate change, more and more attention has been paid on small sized, range edge populations. These populations are not only geographically marginal, but they usually live at the limits of their ecological tolerance and therefore have higher ecological plasticity. While these range edge populations may play primarily role in the reorganized biomes during the climate change the study on the morphological-phenological traits and population diversity as well as evolutionary history are prioritized. Distribution of many plant species native to the south-eastern regions of Europe extends towards the plains and mountainous areas of Central Asia. Our comparative studies including Plantago maxima, Rhodiola rosea and Tulipa sylvestris aim at detecting specific traits and diversity patterns of populations living on distant geographic sites, or at central versus peripheral locations.
Development of interactive maps of geolocations of native plants of Kazakhstan and the living collections of the Mangyshlak experimental botanical garden
Authors: Imanbayeva Akzhunis , Belozerov Ivan , Musaeva Zhanna , Hasanova Gulnara
Published: April 2024

The purpose of this article is to identify problems, demonstrate results and assess the prospects for compiling interactive digital maps of native plants of Kazakhstan and the MEBG living collections, to be distributed through the Internet. Here we present four interactive maps: MEBG collections in the 10th sub-district of Aktau; herbarium specimens of plants from the Garden’s gene pool; samples of the herbarium of the natural flora of Western Kazakhstan and plants of the natural flora of Kazakhstan. Standard web programming languages are used to compile Internet maps. The creation of html pages and server versions of databases is carried out automatically in specially developed computer program modules. They are compiled in MEBS for the dry conditions of Mangistau.
Disponibilité en eau et orientation des agriculteurs : facteurs d’adoption de pratiques écologiquement intensives dans les oasis de Kébili en Tunisie
Authors: Ben Mansour Nada , Hanafi Anissa , Faysse Nicolas , Jourdain Damien
Published: April 2024

Dans le gouvernorat de Kébili au sud de la Tunisie, les zones irriguées se sont fortement développées ces 30 dernières années. Le système oasien traditionnel, fondé sur des cultures organisées sur trois étages et sur les complémentarités entre agriculture et élevage, a été fragilisé. De nombreux agriculteurs se sont limités à la production de dattes, à la fois dans les oasis traditionnelles et dans les nouvelles zones irriguées. Le présent article mesure l’influence de la disponibilité en eau et de différents facteurs relatifs aux orientations des agriculteurs, sur leur décision de mettre en œuvre des pratiques agricoles écologiquement intensives. Les principales pratiques étudiées sont la culture d’arbres fruitiers sous les palmiers et l’utilisation du fumier comme fertilisant. Cinquante agriculteurs, qui ont obtenu au début des années 2000 la gestion de terres agricoles dans la municipalité de Jemna, ont été interrogés. La disponibilité en eau est un facteur majeur facilitant les pratiques écologiquement intensives. Ces pratiques sont aussi favorisées par le fait que le revenu familial soit avant tout tiré de la parcelle dans la zone d’étude. Un autre facteur important est l’intérêt pour une gestion durable de l’exploitation agricole – au contraire d’une gestion visant une rentabilité à court terme. Des agriculteurs de Kébili, qui veulent faire de l’agriculture un projet économique et un projet de vie, sont ainsi prêts à mettre en œuvre des pratiques écologiquement intensives. La baisse de l’agrobiodiversité observée dans les oasis traditionnelles du Sud tunisien n’est pas inéluctable, si l’accès à l’eau est amélioré et si de tels projets de vie fondés sur l’agriculture sont plus aisément réalisables.
Fresh and Hardened Properties of SCC Incorporating Rice Husk Ash and Sugarcane Bagasse Ash
Authors: Jagdeep  , Verma Nitin
Published: April 2024

Self-compacting concrete represents a unique type of concrete that achieves self-compression through its mass, eliminating the need for external vibrations. The mechanical characteristics of self-compacting concrete can be enhanced by incorporating agricultural waste materials as partial substitutes for cement. In this experimental study, a graded M30 concrete mix was employed to produce self-compacting concrete by replacing cement with 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14% of sugarcane bagasse ash and rice husk ash. To assess the concrete's properties, both in its fresh and hardened states, several tests were conducted. Fresh properties were evaluated using l-box, slump flow, and U-box tests. The results indicated that sugarcane bagasse ash outperformed rice husk ash in enhancing the fresh properties of concrete up to a certain level of replacement. Hardened properties, including split tensile strength, compressive strength, and flexural strength, were tested at both 7-day and 28-day intervals. These tests revealed that rice husk ash exhibited superior performance in enhancing the hardened properties compared to sugarcane bagasse ash. In conclusion, this study underscores the suitability of both sugarcane bagasse ash and rice husk ash as viable options for partial cement replacement in self-compacting concrete, with each material exhibiting strengths in improving certain aspects of fresh and hardened concrete properties.
Green synthesis of carbon dots for sensing of heavy metal ions: Bibliometric analysis from 2003-2024
Authors: Soni Himanshi , Kaur Jasmeen , Acevado Roberto , Verma Meenakshi
Published: April 2024

The release of heavy metals into the environment has surged, due to rapid industrialization and urbanization globally, which causes. contamination of air, water, and soil. These persistent and bioaccumulative metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, and arsenic) pose major risks to both human health and the ecological balance. Therefore, heavy metal pollution emerges as a daunting challenge in contemporary times, Carbon dots (CDs) have attracted significant attention in recent years due to their potential applications in sensing heavy metal ions. Many conventional chemical methods have been used for the synthesis of CDs, however, these methods possess many shortcomings such as noxious byproducts, harsh chemicals, high cost, etc. To diminish these shortcomings, green chemistry plays a significant role in the preparation of CDs. Thus, it is very imperative to explore the green synthesis methodologies for the preparation of CDs over conventional ones. The article delves into a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the green synthesis methods CDs for heavy metal ion sensing applications in the period between 2003-2024. Additionally, we have also provided an overview of the mechanism behind the green synthesis of CDs by exploring the role of phytoconstitutes present in natural resources. Furthermore, the sensing mechanism of CDs toward heavy metal ions is also explored. This review compiles the bibliometric analysis and synthesis process with various materials used for the detection of heavy metals.
Environment friendly synthesis and characterization of manganese(II) Imidazolate framework
Authors: Singh Shristy , Kaur Gurmeet
Published: April 2024

This work describes the synthesis and characterization of manganese (II) imidazolate framework (MIF) using an environmentally friendly approach. The MIF, which is novel compound was synthesized for the first time using water as the solvent and imidazole as the ligand under temperate reaction conditions. The synthesized MIF was characterized by multitude of analytical techniques, considering (powder) X-ray diffraction (PXRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The characterization results disclosed that the synthesized MIF has a well-defined crystalline structure with metal-ligand bonding. Additionally, the MIF exhibited excellent gas adsorption19) properties for various gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane. The findings of this study demonstrate the potential of using green synthesis methods for the development of highly functional materials with various practical applications, including catalysis, gas storage, and separation.
Graphene quantum dots: Synthesis and applications
Authors: Arora Saavi , Das Siva Prasad
Published: April 2024

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are the latest superstars added from the carbon family. These are 0D materials with non-zero bandgap and are the most prominent category of nano materials, having a variety of applications in bio-imaging, optical, electrochemical energy devices, and so on and have been studied to great extent in recent years. In this review we have discussed various methods of preparation like hydrothermal, electrochemical, ultrasonic, pyrolysis, etc. and applications of GQDs. Besides, the article highlights challenges and interesting future directions of GQDs.
Magnetite-silica core-shell nanostructures: Application for photodynamic therapy
Authors: Kaur Kamaldeep , Singh Arashdeep , Jindal Shivani
Published: April 2024

Magnetite nanoparticles have been synthesized with chemical co-precipitation. The surface of magnetite nanoparticles was coated with an inorganic silica layer by hydrolyzing and condensing tetraethyl orthosilicate. An XRD investigation supports the cubic inverse spinel structure of Fe3O4 nanoparticles. The average crystallite size of the magnetite nanoparticles produced by the peak broadening was 13 nm. The UV-visible spectrum of methylene blue-loaded magnetite-silica nanoparticles shows a strong hump at 657 nm. According to TEM examination, the nanoparticles are polydisperse and almost spherical in form.The average size of the nanoparticles is 14.39 nm plus 1.66 nm, and they have a polydispersity index of 0.12%.The size and shape of the core-shell particles are not uniform, according to a SEM examination. There is no distinguishing morphology in any sample.The magnetic results depicts the superparamagnetic behaviour of nanoparticlesmakes them suitable for photodynamic therapy.
Nanotechnology: A promising tool for targeted drug delivery
Authors: Mittal Komal , Sarwan Jyoti , Arora Bhavika , Karn Pragati , Kumari Shalu , Prathimesh  , Bose K. Jagadeesh Chandra , Katna Deepanshu , Thakur Muskan
Published: April 2024

Nanotechnology has eventually and strongly engaged in the field of drug delivery. It makes use of the specific properties of the substance at the Nano scale. Their primary goal is to increase therapeutic effects while reducing adverse effects. Due to their improved goods, nanotechnology has become more popular across a variety of industries. The term “Nano medicine” is used to denote the application of nanotechnology in medicine. This Nano medicine is essential for drug delivery, antibacterial, vaccine development, wearable technology, diagnostic and imaging tools, implants, high throughput screening platforms, etc. It makes use of biological, biomimetic, no biological, or hybrid materials. To attain logical drug delivery, it is important to understand the interlink age between nanoparticles and the biological environment, drug release, and targeting cell-surface receptors. We can control disease progression by using nanomaterial including peptide-based nanotubes to prey the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor. Also, the use of herbal medicine has been used since ancient times. The supply of active compounds is shown by the effectiveness of various species of herbal medicine. The essential requirements for extending novel nanotechnology-based medication delivery systems are highlighted in this review.