bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimization Analysis of Brand Communication Strategies for Champion in the China Region
Authors: Jin Han , Rong Shenghao , Su Zichen , Zhu Zimo
Published: October 2024

Champion is established in 1919; it is known for its high-quality athletic wear and also its durable and innovative sportswear. This thesis will take Champion as the research object to find how to make brands become more competitive in today’s market by researching its history, strategy and its status. In the 1930s Champion has introduced the iconic hooded sweatshirt. Champion also invented a technology called reverse weave which prevent clothes from shrinking. The brand has a huge fanbase among the young generation where it keeps collaborate with designers and influencers. This has helped champion expand its product range in both traditional athletic wear and the new trending fashion. Because Champions new innovation and design, it leads to more and more people trust and select this brand. Champion should continue to deepen its exploration and practice in the aspects of youth and digitalization. Through more accurate market positioning, personalized communication content and innovative interactive experiences, Champion is expected to further close the distance with young consumers and inspire their brand loyalty and desire to buy. At the same time, Champion should also focus on issues such as sustainability and social responsibility, and actively communicate positive energy and brand values.
Achievement Motivation and Stress Coping Styles of Physical Education Major
Authors: Zhou Wei , CASIHAN MARIA LUVIMI L.
Published: October 2024

This study conducted in-depth research and statistics on the achievement motivation and stress coping methods of college students majoring in physical education at Hunan University of Science and Technology. The research subjects were college students majoring in physical education at Hunan University of Science and Technology. Understand their current evaluation of their achievement motivation and stress coping styles in physical education. The results show: The survey of student respondents shows that the gender distribution is basically balanced (males account for 50.77%, females account for 49.23%), mainly including sophomores and seniors. The interviewees generally affirmed the achievement motivation and stress coping style of physical education. However, although male and female students are consistent in their achievement motivation, the sociocultural factors that may affect this phenomenon were not explored in depth, which limits a comprehensive understanding of gender differences. Reduced performance among senior students in motivation to pursue success and avoid failure may be due to increased academic stress and psychological exhaustion. However, research has not analyzed the specific impact of these factors in detail, resulting in insufficient recommendations on how to effectively support older students. Although participants showed diversity in stress coping strategies, a tendency toward avoidance strategies may impact their long-term mental health. Research has not fully explored how to cultivate students' more active coping styles to enhance their ability and resilience to cope with stress.
How e-commerce development affects urban carbon emissions: Evidence from China
Authors: Zhao Zijie
Published: October 2024

Under the dual constraints of ensuring economic growth and achieving the "dual carbon" goals, the impact of e-commerce development on urban carbon emissions has become a new frontier in this era. This study utilizes urban panel data from 2008 to 2021 to systematically investigate the specific effects and mechanisms of e-commerce on carbon emissions from both theoretical and empirical perspectives. The research reveals that pilot policies such as the construction of national e-commerce demonstration cities significantly reduce carbon emissions, a conclusion that holds true even after a series of robustness tests. Further exploration indicates that promoting green innovation and enhancing energy efficiency are vital mechanisms through which pilot policies of national e-commerce demonstration city construction drive carbon emission reductions. Regions in the eastern and southern parts of the country, along the Yangtze River Economic Belt, non-resource-based cities, and peripheral cities are better positioned to leverage the digital economy dividend to advance carbon emissions reduction. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of carbon reduction and the social impacts of e-commerce development.
Study of Optimal Cutting Paths for Steel Plates Based on Enumeration and Nonlinear Programming
Authors: Shen Yongheng
Published: October 2024

With the development of society and economy, mould processing enterprises have an increasingly strong need to reduce costs and increase economic efficiency. Improving the efficiency of the cutting process is one of the key links to achieve this goal, and the planning of the cutting path occupies a major position in it. Under the condition that the actual cutting distance is fixed, the shortest air distance becomes the goal pursued by enterprises. In this paper, the optimal cutting path problem for steel plates is studied, and the optimal paths under different cutting tasks are found by enumeration method and nonlinear planning model.
Research on the Fatigue Damage Mechanism of Corroded Steel Bar
Authors: Liu Zijian
Published: October 2024

Reinforced concrete bridge structures are prone to unpredictable brittle failure under fatigue loads, posing a serious threat to their safety. And its fatigue performance depends on the fatigue performance of the steel bars inside the concrete. At the same time, the corrosive environment in which the bridge structure is located can cause premature corrosion of the steel bars inside the bridge structure, and a certain degree of corrosion can significantly reduce the fatigue life of the steel bars. This article summarizes the current research status of fatigue damage mechanisms of steel bars in both non corroded and corroded states, analyzes the existing problems, and proposes suggestions for further in-depth research.
Analysis and Simulation of Spur Gear System Considering Geometric Eccentricity
Authors: Zhang Zhuangzhuang , Liu Fuhao
Published: October 2024

Geometric eccentricity errors inevitably occur in gear systems, resulting in the center of mass and center of rotation not coinciding. During the gear meshing process, the gear center distance and gear tooth meshing condition will change with time. In this paper, a model considering geometric eccentricity is proposed and a finite element model of the gear pair is developed. Finally, the dynamic response under different eccentricity and initial eccentricity angle is discussed. Based on Ansys, the simulation calculation of the gear pair is carried out, and the equivalent force maps of the dangerous areas of the gear tooth flanks are obtained.
Marketing Strategies of Cultural Tourism Industry under Media Convergence Background
Authors: Yang Bo
Published: October 2024

The advent of the era of media convergence has broken down the barriers between traditional and emerging media, bringing profound changes to the marketing models of the cultural tourism industry. This paper explores the impact of media convergence on the development of the cultural tourism industry by analyzing its concepts and characteristics. It further delves into the application of diversified media channel integration, digital, and interactive marketing strategies. By building an integrated media matrix and fostering cross-industry collaborations, cultural tourism can maximize brand communication effectiveness, enhancing consumer engagement and loyalty. This study also examines typical domestic and international cases to summarize the successful experiences and practical paths of cultural tourism marketing strategies in the context of media convergence. The research suggests that the cultural tourism industry should continue to focus on media convergence trends, innovating marketing strategies to enhance market competitiveness and achieve a win-win situation for both cultural and economic benefits.
Corporate Social Responsibility and Brand Image Construction: Case Analysis and Strategy Suggestions
Authors: Sun Yi
Published: October 2024

CSR is not only a gesture of the enterprise, but also a embodiment of its internal values and business philosophy. It covers environmental protection, labor rights and interests, social welfare and other aspects, requiring enterprises to actively assume social responsibilities while pursuing economic benefits. The brand image is the comprehensive impression of enterprises in the eyes of consumers, and it is an important part of the intangible assets of enterprises. A good brand image can significantly enhance the market competitiveness of enterprises and attract more loyal customers.CSR is the key to measure the comprehensive strength of an enterprise, which is not only related to the bottom line of corporate ethics, but also profoundly affects the brand image and market competitiveness. Through detailed case study, this paper reveals the subtle connection between CSR and brand image, and puts forward the strategy of brand image construction based on CSR, to provide strong support for enterprise practice.
Generating An Insight on Retirement Process of Football Players
Authors: Zhao Yaru
Published: October 2024

The retirement process of professional football players represents a significant life transition that often entails various challenges, including financial instability, career uncertainty, and mental health issues. This article explores the obstacles that retired players may encounter, including the lack of financial literacy and career planning, football-related injuries, and mental health and identity reconstruction issues. By addressing these challenges and implementing proactive financial planning strategies, retired football players can navigate the complexities of retirement more effectively and secure a successful and sustainable future beyond their playing careers. For the provision of psychological support, it is essential for clubs and sports organizations to offer access to mental health resources such as counseling and therapy. Establishing a community for retired athletes can facilitate connections and establish a support network, aiding them in adjusting to their new lives. In terms of physical health, it is crucial to prioritize ongoing medical care and rehabilitation programs. Regular check-ups and availability of physiotherapy can assist in managing chronic conditions and promoting overall well-being. Encouraging retired players to participate in physical activities that they enjoy can also contribute to maintaining fitness and health.
Standards-based education reforms: Looking back to look forward
Authors: Kirst Michael
Published: October 2024

This report analyzes the evolution and effectiveness of standards-based reforms in U.S. education. Starting from the increased federal involvement with the Elementary and Secondary Education Act in 1965 to the Goals 2000 launch of more recent reforms, the document explores the role of state governments in implementing systemic reforms aimed at aligning educational components to enhance student outcomes. The report examines the evolution of standards-based reforms from the rise of state standards in the early 2000s through the present, tracing the theory of the reforms and iterations through several eras of standards and accountability at both the federal and state levels, with a particular emphasis on California, where the author was President of the State Board of Education at the time the state ushered in a new era of standards-based reform.
Migrant workers in the care economy
Authors:   International Labour Organization
Published: October 2024

Migrant workers – especially migrant women – form a critical component of care infrastructures and workforces around the world. However labour migration governance frameworks and protection regimes do not always effectively respond to labour market and employer needs, or sufficiently protect migrant care workers’ rights. This policy brief provides an overview of transformations shaping the growing global demand for care workers, the decent work and labour migration governance challenges which shape outcomes for migrant care workers, and provides recommended policy actions.
论新形势下汉语言专业的发展方向 ——以胡志明市师范大学中文系汉语言专业为例
Authors: Yến Lý Gia , Cường Tô Phương
Published: October 2024

随着中国经济的蓬勃发展及中越关系日益优化，近年来越南汉语言学习者以势如劈竹的速度在不断增长着，这给汉语言专业培养等相关人士与机构带来了千年难逢的机遇，与此同时也带了不少挑战。作为越南南部重点汉语教学基地之一，胡志明市师范大学中文系诚然也面临着这一个充满挑战性的难得机会。拥有具有实践性、科学性却又满足社会人才市场需求的教育内容及课程建设，已成了一个众人瞩目的热门话题。故此笔者以课程建设、人才培养等理论为依据，并结合胡志明市师范大学中文系的实际情况，针对新形势下汉语言专业的发展方向问题展开了相关论证。指出了以职业技能定向的汉语教学将是未来的发展方向，并肯定了明确教育目标、优化师资队伍、建设科学的职业汉语言教学体系及具备强大实践性的课程将是成功的关键所在。
在胡志明市师范大学的VLE系统上构建和评估中文教育专业 的一些教学课程中的混合学习模型
Authors: Xuân Trần Khai , Bình Trần Thanh
Published: October 2024

本研究旨在通过设计和评估一套在线课程的调查和评估工具，来提升胡志明市师范大学中文师范专业的学习效果。基于教育数字化转型的背景，研究针对混合学习模式和虚拟学习环境（VLE）的应用进行详细分析。通过理论研究、专家访谈、实验方法和学生问卷调查，我们评估了在线课程在设计、信息、互动、评估、支持、技术、反馈、安全和多样性方面的效果和满意度。最终，研究提出了一套包含8个标准的在线课程评估工具，旨在帮助教师根据既定标准优化课程设计和实施。
基于读写结合教学模式写作技能自学方法研究 ——以胡市大中文系大三学生为例
Authors: Nghi Vương Huệ , An Ngô Thúy
Published: October 2024

在语言学习中，写作技能是一种至关重要的言语输出能力，对于提升学习者整体语言运用能力具有巨大的价值。本文基于Krashen及Swain的理论，提出了一种基于读写结合教学模式自学写作技能方法。此外，现今该模式受到了广泛关注，在提高学生写作技能和自学能力方面具有突出优势。本文将探究胡市大中文系大三学生在自学写作中遇到的困难，力求寻找解决难题。本文基于读写结合教学模式为胡市大中文系大三学生的写作技能提出自学方法，盼能够找到能够满足于学生需求的“写作技能的自学方法”。
胡志明市师范大学汉语师范本科专业 “教师职业能力培养”课程教学现状
Authors: Xuân Trần Khai , Nam Triệu Trạch
Published: October 2024

“教师职业能力培养”课程是师范专业本科生教学过程中针对师范生入职生的现实需要而设置的一项重要课程，是师范专业本科生形成符合教师职业水平的教学能力的重要前提。在本文范围内，作者不仅提出教师职业能力培养的相关概念，还对胡志明市师范大学汉语师范专业的“教师职业能力培养”课程的教学现状进行调查。希望通过该研究能够反映当前师范生培养的“教师职业技能训练”现状，故此次调查将是与该领域相关的研究课题的参考基础。
越南学生汉语课堂的学习焦虑研究
Authors: Loan Trần Thị Kim
Published: October 2024

本论文通过问卷调查研究了421名在三所大学就读的越南学生在汉语课堂上的焦虑表现。结果显示，越南学生普遍存在学习焦虑，主要体现为学业焦虑、交流焦虑和课堂焦虑，其中学业焦虑的表现尤为明显。此外，普通大学学生在汉语课堂上的焦虑水平显著高于顶尖高校学生。性别方面，女生的课堂焦虑表现与男生相比，差异并不显著。导致越南学生课堂焦虑的原因主要包括学生之间的不良竞争关系、师生之间的理解不足以及缺乏有效沟通等。此外，考试压力和教学活动的要求也会引发焦虑。要有效克服课堂焦虑，需要营造良好的学习环境，丰富教学和学习形式，实施分组学习和互动活动，以激发学生的学习兴趣，并减轻课堂压力。
指称形式视阈下越南学习者汉语双宾构式习得情况考察
Authors: Huy Lê Thanh , Ti Zhou
Published: October 2024

双宾构式是很多语言所共有的语言结构，越南语中也存在双宾句式。根据陈平（1987）提出的观点，双宾句中宾语的选择跟它们指称形式有密切的关系。然而，本研究考察中介语语料时，发现越南学习者存在指称形式的偏误，如：“我送妈妈这种花”。研究先通过BCC语料库验证了陈平的观点，然后借助对越南语语料的分析，对越南语双宾句不同类型宾语的分布情况进行了总结。接着，本研究以翻译的形式对越南学习者进行语言测试，以了解越南学习者使用双宾构式的情况及其策略。结果发现，近宾语的定指性与学习者的使用率成正比，定指性越大其使用率便越高。远宾语的使用跟不定指性的程度有关联，但二者并不成正反比关系。另外，研究发现学生在翻译时会出现回避现象，初级学生采取的回避策略比较单一，多使用“切换宾语成分策略”，而中、高级学生在此基础上出现使用其他回避策略，如“‘把’字句策略和“介词简化策略”。由此，本研究认为双宾构式的使用跟“把”字句、“介词短语”等其他相关结构的习得密切相关。
胡志明市初中中文教学中使用网站和移动应用程序的现状
Authors: Hồng Nguyễn Thị Minh , Đào Hoàng Trúc
Published: October 2024

本研究调查了在胡志明市中学中，网站和移动应用程序在支持汉语教学中的使用情况。通过对汉语教师进行在线问卷调查，我们评估了这些技术工具的普及程度和有效性。研究结果表明，这些工具被广泛采用，并在提高学生语言技能，尤其是听力和口语方面具有显著的效果。然而，我们也发现了软件稳定性和用户界面设计方面的挑战。研究提出了一些改进建议，以优化用户体验和教学效果。此外，本研究强调了教育机构增加支持的必要性，以促进技术在语言教育中的整合，从而提升汉语教学的整体质量。
汉语动词转化为汉越词名词（动→名）的现象探析
Authors: Hồng Phạm Thị Duyên , Hải Vương Khương
Published: October 2024

本文在前人有关动词转化为名词的研究成果的基础上，结合《现代汉语词典》和《越南语词典》的释义, 主要探讨汉语动词进入越南语后，其对应的汉越词转化为名词（名→动）的现象，发现这些汉语动词进入越南语后由表示动作的词语转化为表示事物的概念。其转化类型主要有动作行为的受事、结果、对象、施事者和动作行为有关的事物。
HSK六级找病句题型初探
Authors: Lộc Nguyễn Phước , Nam Triệu Trạch
Published: October 2024

在汉语水平考试（HSK）体系中，“找病句”题型全面考察考生对汉语的语法结构、语义逻辑、词汇理解与使用等知识。这种题型针对高级阶段的学习者设计，具体体现在HSK六级考试阅读理解的第一部分。本研究以HSK六级真题集为语料来源，针对阅读部分中找病句题型的题型设计编排、题型难度、病句类型比例等问题进行初步探讨。最后，笔者得出HSK六级找病句题型在设计编排上基本遵循先易后难的顺序、题型难度综合偏大、不同类型的病句比例相差较大等结果。笔者希望通过该研究能够指出HSK六级找病句题型的重点与难点，为制定攻克该题型的教学策略提供依据。
微视频辅助初级汉语综合课的教学设计
Authors: Nhàn Đoàn Thị Thanh , Bình Tăng Ngọc
Published: October 2024

互联网的快速发展让世界进入了“信息时代”,新型教育模式以及教学资源不断涌现。其中,微视频资源以其规范性、科学性、趣味性、实用性的特点作为教学资源,已成为教学技术领域的前沿与热点。以视频的形式向学习者讲授一定的教学内容的微课是本校胡志明师范大学将运用于计算机课程VLE网络辅助教学平台的发展方向，不仅模拟和展示了真实的教学情境，还突破了时间和空间的限制，为汉语学习提供了便利条件，提高了教学效率。借鉴于其有效运用，本文首先从以《HSK标准教程1》、《HSK标准教程2》、《HSK标准教程3》为教材的汉语综合课初级阶段着手，进行阐述应用于汉语综合课课堂教学的微视频选取原则与优势，其次针对初级汉语综合课的特点与难点作出详尽的解剖，再次对此提出相应的微视频设计与制作。最后，借助于微视频应用于汉语综合课课堂教学中所遇到的障碍揭示出一些解决方法，希望能为汉语综合课课堂教学起着巨大作用。
Pelagisk fisk i Mälaren 2023
Authors: Rogell Björn , Axenrot Thomas
Published: October 2024

Sötvattenslaboratoriet vid Institutionen för akvatiska resurser, SLU, genomförde hösten 2023 en hydroakustisk undersökning i fyra delområden av Mälaren. Studien genomfördes mellan 2023-09- 18 och 2023-10-03, och utgjorde en av de hydroakustiska undersökningar som årligen utförs i Mälaren, Vänern och Vättern. De delområden som undersöktes var Ekoln, Granfjärden, Prästfjärden och Görväln. Med kombinationen av hydroakustik och trålning var det möjligt att analysera sex olika kombinationer av arter och åldersklasser (braxen, storspigg, nors 0+, nors >0+, siklöja >0+, och gös >0+). Jämförelser gjordes mellan medelvärdet avseende medelvärden för täthet (antal/ha) de senaste två åren (2023 och 2022) med motsvarande medelvärden för en referensperiod, bestående av de fem föregående åren (2017-2021). För bedömning av rekrytering (0+) utgör norsens numerära dominans en utmaning i analyserna. Därför baseras rekryteringen av siklöja och gös (0+) enbart på analyser av tråldrag, utan uppräkning via den hydroakustiska undersökningen. Resultaten indikerar att: • Norsbeståndet har varit stabilt under studieperioden med god rekrytering i samtliga områden undantaget Prästfjärden där rekryteringen var lägre än den föregående femårsperioden. • Fortsatt god rekrytering av gös i Granfjärden. • Siklöjebeståndet har varit stabilt under studieperioden, undersökningarna 2023 visade att rekryteringen i Görväln var bättre än normalt. • Den totala biomassan tenderar att minska i Ekoln. • I Granfjärden var det vid undersökningstillfället 2023 syrebrist under språngskiktet. Detta har sannolikt lett till förändringar av fiskarnas rörelsemönster och djuputbredning vilket i sin tur kan ha lett till att fler fiskar än vanligt detekterades i hydroakustiken.
Editorial: Will the Road to Carbon Neutrality Become Even More Bumpy Than Ever?
Authors: Kogels Han
Published: October 2024

The first-ever global stocktake of what has been achieved and what still must be achieved since the 2015 Paris Agreement on climate change shows that we are not on track to meet the target of limiting global temperature increase in 2050 to 1.5°C above preindustrial levels. Although the EU CBAM is still in its transitional stage and the proposal for a substantial revision of the EU ETD is the only file of the ‘Fit for 55’ package that has not yet been adopted, the EU is one of the better performers on the road to the netzero CO2 emissions target for 2050. In 2023, COP28 has set a new ambitious target for greenhouse gas reductions by 2030. However, the geopolitical situation has dramatically changed by the wars in Ukraine and Gaza. The implications for the energy transition from fossil to renewable sources may make the already bumpy road to carbon neutrality even more bumpy than ever.
Regulating the ‘AI Leviathan’: A Framework for AI Surveillance Disclosure Reporting
Authors: Cheng Pangyue
Published: October 2024

In an era marked by the ubiquity of digital surveillance, the role of AI algorithm companies has gained unparalleled prominence, especially as governments around the globe grapple with crises like the COVID-19 pandemic. In this evolving landscape, AI algorithm companies and governmental agencies collaboratively forge an AI-surveillance ecosystem, which could be termed an ‘AI Leviathan’. Within this system, the government operates in a multifaceted role while the AI companies act as key technological enablers. Despite recent regulatory efforts like the EU AI Act, which introduces a risk-based approach to AI regulation, extant legal frameworks still fall short of addressing the full spectrum of challenges that arise, including but not limited to privacy issues and algorithmic discrimination. Furthermore, the academic discourse has primarily centred on the state’s involvement in surveillance, frequently overlooking the pivotal role that AI algorithm companies play in influencing this extensive system. This article seeks to address this gap by providing a comprehensive analysis of the contribution of AI algorithm companies in facilitating governmentdriven surveillance, particularly emphasizing the Chinese scenario. Additionally, it proposes a comply-or-explain framework for AI Surveillance Disclosure Reporting, specifically designed for these companies, aiming to amplify their transparency and accountability.
Article: The Transition to a Circular Economy: Win–Win for All?
Authors: Srivastava Vishakha
Published: October 2024

With the increasing recognition of the role of trade policies in supporting sustainability approaches, countries are adopting a wide array of trade measures aimed at greening the industrial sector, and one such example is the transition to a circular economy. A transition towards a more resource-efficient and circular economy is closely intertwined with international trade. As circular economy is gradually turning into a global endeavour with dozens of national circular roadmaps being launched, it is crucial to examine how circular economy approaches interact with the economic and trade diversification objectives of developing countries. Circular economy policies and trade policies need to be aligned so that the transition to the circular economy at the global level does not create unnecessary barriers to trade for developing countries. In this context, the broad objective of this paper is to discuss the potential implications of trade rules linked to circular economy for developing countries.
Article: Green Regionalism: US Strategies to Ensure Secure and Reliable Supplies of Critical Minerals
Authors: Sharma Arnav , Kashyap Ashutosh
Published: October 2024

Critical Minerals are essential constituents for numerous modern technologies from computers, and modern cars to household appliances. Most critical minerals are also key inputs in technologies that are crucial for clean energy transitions such as batteries, electric vehicles (EV), wind turbines, solar panels etc. Global trends indicate that the race for ensuring a secure and reliable supply of critical minerals is being furthered through industrial policy, domestic regulations as well as international economic law instruments. More recently these three aspects have been characterized by increasing securitization as seen through attempts to friendshore and reshore supply chains and capacities. This paper peruses the recent Critical Material Transparency and Reporting of Advanced Clean Energy (Critical Material TRACE) Bill which focuses on implementing a digital identifier system for advanced energy systems including batteries and battery components. The paper looks at the bill in connection with other initiatives aimed at creating United State (US) led critical mineral value chains. These include industrial policy measures including the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA) as well as international initiatives such as the Mineral Security Partnership (MSP) and the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework (IPEF) inter alia. In our examination, the focus is on analysing the progress made under the US-led MSP and the potential coverage and implication of the Critical Material TRACE Bill. We also examine if such steps by the US further promote green regionalism or are necessary to break the dominance of a few countries (mainly China) in leading the critical minerals supply chain.
Article: Generative Artificial Intelligence and Legal Decisionmaking
Authors: Cardoso André Guskow , Chan Elizabeth , Quintão Luísa , Pereira Cesar
Published: October 2024

This article explores the transformative impact of generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) on legal decision-making processes. It also examines disclosure obligations and the challenges AI-assisted decisions pose in litigation and arbitration.A case study using ChatGPT as arbitrators in the Willem C. Vis International Commercial Arbitration Moot provides practical insights into AI’s potential and limitations in arbitral decision-making. The experiment highlights key learnings about technology constraints, due process concerns, and the enforceability of AI-assisted decisions.The article concludes with reflections on integrating AI into legal frameworks, emphasizing the need for updated regulations and best practices to ensure transparency, fairness, and accountability in AI applications within the legal domain.
Article: Exploring Shortcomings in International Trade Law in Light of the Expansion of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Muya Julio Kunda
Published: October 2024

The objective of this paper is to explore the shortcomings in international trade law (ITL) in view of the expansion of Artificial Intelligence (AI), and to propose some recommendations. AI is contributing to the development of international trade while giving rise to other concerns, such as nontariffs measures. Addressing the legal challenges posed by the integration of AI into various facets of society, including international trade, is of major importance. In this context, this paper explores a number of provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) 1994, those of the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), and ends with those of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). Finally, the article proposes some recommendations to better take into account the concerns that AI may give rise to in the multilateral trading system. It highlights the need for close partnership between the World Trade Organization (WTO), the International Standardization Organization (ISO) and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) to better maximize the benefits of AI while minimizing the risks in the context of international trade. Also, it highlights the importance of harmonizing regulations on the trade of AI products and AI-driven trading and the need for a change in legal design that goes beyond mere incremental adjustments.
Article: The Crystal Ball: AI Predictive Analytics in Arbitration: Navigating Promise, Pitfalls, and Paradigm Shifts
Authors: Álvarez Omar Puertas
Published: October 2024

The article discusses the increasing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in international arbitration, noting its potential to make the process more efficient and data-driven through predictive analytics and machine learning. However, AI may struggle with the complexities of arbitration, such as witness credibility and arbitrator biases, which are difficult to quantify. There are also risks like over-reliance on AI and potential impacts on due process. To responsibly integrate AI, certain strategies are suggested, such as developing ethical guidelines, enhancing AI literacy, implementing disclosure requirements, and ensuring human oversight. The need to preserve core values such as fairness, justice, and transparency is stressed. As AI becomes more prevalent, arbitration practitioners must adapt by acquiring new skills and focusing on a balanced approach that combines AI with human judgment. This balance is crucial to enhancing the arbitration process while maintaining its integrity and fairness.
Article: Artificial Intelligence and International Trade from a Latin American Perspective
Authors: Quindimil Manuel
Published: October 2024

The article explores the impact of Artificial intelligence (AI) on international trade, focusing on challenges and opportunities for developing countries, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC). As AI advances, it creates regulatory challenges and ethical concerns, especially regarding human rights and public morals, which may lead to trade frictions not addressed by current international agreements. AI brings important benefits to countries, such as cost reductions and efficiencies, alongside challenges related to data privacy, competition, and security. For developing countries, adopting AI offers both opportunities and obstacles, with infrastructure and human capital constraints being significant hurdles. The article suggests flexible regulatory approaches to attract investment, promote digital services exports, and ease cross-border data flow. While global trade discussions, particularly within the WTO, are addressing AI-related issues, regional agreements have made more progress. These agreements lack however comprehensive coverage and effective dispute resolution. It is important for LAC countries participating in international negotiations to ensure their interests are represented and to help shape global digital governance standards, enabling them to fully benefit from AI.
Article: Is the Privilege Too Privileged? the Orde van de Vlaamse Balies Case Revisited
Authors: Boel Kristof
Published: October 2024

The objective of this article is to analyse the concept of the legal professional privilege in the field of taxation. First, the Orde van de Vlaamse Balies case is examined in which the CJEU struck down an element of the mandatory disclosure regime contained in the fifth amendment to the Directive on Administrative Cooperation (DAC 6) as it was considered a disproportionate infringement of the legal professional privilege. The article challenges whether the CJEU was correct in simply further developing its own and the ECtHR’s precedence to reach the conclusion that all activities of lawyers as targeted by the DAC 6 fall within the scope of the strengthened protection of legal professional privilege. Additionally, it is concluded that the CJEU insufficiently took into account the DAC 6’s broader goals. Next, the article investigates ethical considerations concerning legal professional privilege, discussing particularly how it should be delineated in the field of taxation. The article concludes that the scope of legal professional privilege should not be expanded to include the activities of lawyers in tax planning.
Article: Assessing the Impact of Corruption on Taxpayer Perceptions of Fairness: Insights from SMEs in Uganda
Authors: Nyende F.
Published: October 2024

Corruption can undermine taxpayers’ trust in the fairness of how public funds are allocated and tax procedures are carried out. While the relationship between corruption and tax system unfairness is largely unexplored, a significant body of knowledge covers these constructs in isolation. This study assesses the influence of corruption on Ugandan small and medium enterprises (SMEs’) perception of tax fairness. The authors use a thematic analysis on semi-structured interview data to assess the effects of corruption on tax fairness perceptions. The findings reveal four types of corruption: petty corruption, petty tax corruption, political corruption, and grand corruption. These have significant influence on income tax unfairness perceptions among SME firms. Tax and government officers as well as the political elite who demand bribes, embezzle taxpayers’ funds, and discriminate among taxpayers based on tribal sentiments incite taxpayers’ distributive and procedural tax unfairness perceptions. The results demonstrate that the government must strive to create an honest bureaucracy and tax administration to improve tax fairness perceptions. This can be done by allowing anti-corruption agencies to work professionally and independently of political influence.
Article: A Time to Institutionalize the International Tax Regime
Authors: Shanan Tamir , Narotzki Doron , Zamir Noam
Published: October 2024

The paper proposes replacing the existing and outdated decentralized international tax system with a centralized tax authority that would include four branches: a hierarchic judiciary branch that would replace/subject thousands of domestic tax tribunals, a legislative branch that would replace the existing inclusive Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) forum that would be more balanced and as such be able to continue developing the international tax policy in the coming challenges that the Twenty-first century will bring, an executive branch that would be responsible for issuing multilateral letter ruling and guidance of how to implement the international principles and norms, assist poor countries whose costs in implementing beneficial practices are high and offer sanctions for countries that secretly deviate from the general principles and foster harmful tax principles. Furthermore, we propose to establish an audit branch that would supervise the compliance of the different countries. The Article therefore blesses the recent multilateral cooperation of approximately 140 countries and suggests the time has come to institutionalize the international tax order and centralize it to better face the coming challenges that the technological breakthroughs would bring.
Policy Note: Special Taxes for Special Times? A Critical Analysis of Fiscal Crisis Responses with an Earmarking Feature in the Context of EU Law
Authors: Stark Johanna
Published: October 2024

Do special times require special taxes? The answer may not be the same from a legal, political, or economic perspective. One type of answer that legislators in Europe – both on the national and the supranational level – have given to the crises that make our times special are fiscal measures targeting extraordinary profits, revenues, or even assets while reserving the collected revenue for specific purposes. This article discusses the arguments for and against such earmarked crisis response measures in the context of their implications in the framework of EU law. It argues that specific earmarks may be attractive for reasons of political psychology such as health expenditure or inflation relief for households and firms. However, they may have unintended legal consequences by putting the respective measure into the scope of other legal regimes such as social security or banking regulation. The article contributes to the current debate about appropriate fiscal measures in times of crisis by pointing to examples of such direct and indirect interactions with primary or secondary EU law based on earmarking.
Article: Mirroring Comparative Fiscal Federalism to Design the EU Revenue Side
Authors: Antón Ricardo García
Published: October 2024

This contribution aims to incorporate comparative fiscal federalism into the design of the EU revenue side. The author concludes that there has been no such ‘Hamiltonian moment’ at the EU after the introduction of the Next Generation Economic Recovery Program (NGEU) and the own resources scheduled in the EU Own Resources Decision (ORD) for the period 2021–2027. The ORD follows a short-term vision needed to pay back the massive debts incurred due to the NGEU without fully endorsing a fiscal federalism route. Learning how the revenue side is structured in decentralized countries could offer important proxies to be applied at the EU level, a centripetal or ‘bottom-up federation’. Federalizing the EU revenue side would imply an explicit recognition of the EU’s power to create income/indirect taxes coupled with the need to provide public goods to European citizens.
Exceptio Inadimpleti Contractus: CBAMs as International Countermeasures
Authors: Quirico Ottavio
Published: October 2024

A growing number of states and international organizations, including the EU and the US, are envisaging carbon border adjustment mechanisms (CBAMs) as a means to implement their climate policies. From an economic perspective, CBAMs are instruments aiming to level crossborder trade between countries that implement uneven carbon pricing schemes. From a legal perspective, CBAMs are considered ‘general exceptions’ to free trade, whose lawfulness is debated in the context of the World Trade Organization (WTO). This article develops a systemic analysis of CBAMs, notably the EU CBAM, under general and particular international law, and argues that they could be framed under the specific exception of ‘countermeasures’ under treaty law, particularly the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), thus fundamentally establishing a presumption of legality.
Strategic Autonomy and Trade Defence: The Case of Cross-Country Subsidies
Authors: Reinhold Philipp
Published: October 2024

China’s state capitalism poses considerable challenges for the global economic system. Initially, the public debate centred on its massive domestic subsidies. In the meantime, however, China’s transnational cooperation and subsidy programmes, which are closely linked to the Chinese ‘Belt and Road Initiative’ (BRI), have come more into focus. For the first time, the European Commission has now made this cooperation with other third-countries the subject of anti-subsidy proceedings on the basis of a cross-country subsidy analysis and subsequently imposed countervailing duties on imports from the Chinese partner countries Egypt and Indonesia. Lawyers have criticized this approach, arguing that it lacks a legal basis and is contrary to WTO law. However, the General Court and, more recently, Advocate General Ćapeta have confirmed the Commission’s practice. This article argues that the cases decided so far prove to be manifestations of a domestic subsidy, which can be covered by EU anti-subsidy law, at least against the background of the effective protection against unfair trade practices intended by trade defence and the objective of a strategic autonomy of the EU. At the same time, WTO law does not formulate any clear limitations with regard to this kind of attribution of foreign subsidies and therefore does not prohibit the Commission’s current practice. WTO law is also more open with regard to other forms of a cross-country subsidy analysis than is sometimes portrayed.
Teleological Interpretation by International Economic Organizations
Authors: Gu Bin
Published: October 2024

Teleological interpretation is a legally sound approach to empower an international economic organization to grow and develop, as it responds and adapts itself to ever-changing circumstances. The method is consistent with customary rules of interpretation of public international law, whilst being distinct from law-making. The twin Bretton Woods institutions are experienced in exercising teleological interpretation, and the new Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) follows suit and innovates in applying this interpreting method. On the contrary, the World Trade Organization (WTO) does not have a strong tradition of teleological interpretation, but it should learn from its peer institutions, and with the membership support, acknowledge and embrace this feasible interpreting method, as it seeks to survive or revive in these difficult times.
SECAS NA REGIÃO GEOECONÔMICA CENTRO-SUL DO BRASIL (DE 2020 A 2022): UMA DISCUSSÃO TEÓRICA
Authors: Florentino Júnior Euzemar , Casola Leonardo Diniz Ramires
Published: October 2024

As secas são fenômenos climáticos que têm afetado o território brasileiro há séculos, porém, houve a intensificação destas nas últimas décadas, devido, principalmente, às ações antrópicas no ambiente. A partir do ano de 2020, a região geoeconômica Centro-Sul do Brasil, foi assolada por uma grande seca, que causou amplos prejuízos econômicos e sociais, particularmente, nos setores: agropecuário, hidrelétrico e de navegação fluvial. Dentre os fatores que contribuíram para este episódio, conforme o IAG (USP), destacam-se: o Aquecimento Global; o desmatamento, notadamente da floresta Amazônica; e o fenômeno La Niña. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa é a discussão teórica sobre a seca que afetou a região geoeconômica Centro-Sul, nos anos de 2020, 2021 e 2022, procurando demonstrar as causas, bem como as consequências dela, a fim de contribuir em prol da elaboração e implementação de políticas e medidas que auxiliem a diminuição de processos que contribuem para a intensificação das mudanças climáticas.
Analysis of Saudi Arabian Television Advertising on Social Changes Post MBS Cultural Reform
Authors: Athallah Reihan Hafidh , Priyoyudanto Febri
Published: October 2024

This study aims to determine the social changes that occur among Saudi Arabian teenagers in the Takki film series; the form of social change that occurs in this film series, how the characters respond to these changes, and how they adapt to the changes that occur. The method used is a descriptive qualitative method, the researcher presents a description or narrative about this film series and is accompanied by articles related to the research object. From the research conducted, it was concluded that there were three important points discussed by researcher regarding the social changes that occurred among Saudi Arabian teenagers, namely gender equality, the limitations of women, and also opportunities for the cinema industry in Saudi Arabia. There is still an imbalance in terms of gender equality, the limitations of women which are very visible in this film series, and how the film industry is still very behind.
Causes Of Consumptive Behavior Of Housewives In The Phenomenon Of National Online Shopping Day (Harbolnas) (Case Study Of Parents Of Students At Sdn 060 Raya Barat Bandung, Indonesia)
Authors: Sopiani Siti Sopia , Nurdin Muhamad Fadhil , Fedryansyah Muhammad
Published: October 2024

The phenomenon of harbolnas is still an interesting issue to discuss. Harbolnas is an annual activity jointly initiated by six major e-commerce companies in Indonesia since December 12, 2012, which is National Online Shopping Day in Indonesia. The development of online shopping media is in line with the increasing consumptive nature in society, especially for women who are targeted. This can make "shopping freak" consumptive behavior even more so. The subject of this study is housewives who have a role in "financial management" but have a consumptive attitude during harbolnas. This is because the goods offered are cheaper and more practical when shopping with the services that are presented more easily in the online shop, encouraging housewives to make it an alternative place to shop. The theory used is the Theory of Rational Choice (James S. Coleman). Data collection is carried out by conducting interviews, observations, and literature studies to analyze several documents (articles) and literature related to existing issues as a basic basis for researchers to formulate existing reality. The results of this study show that the causes of consumptive behavior are influenced by internal and external factors. It is known that internal factors from 1) the Encouragement of Needs and Motivation (Self-Will), 2) Interest Only (Purchase Impulsively), 3) the Harbolnas discount program, 4) the existence of free shipping, and 5) the existence of advertisements on television or social media when Harbolnas. External factors that influence are 1) Reference Groups (Friendship), 2) groups in shopping (Shopping Groups), and 3) Family.
Contents
Authors: Tudball Daniel
Published: October 2024

Contents
Beat the Major: The Long Walk
Authors: Brown Aaron
Published: October 2024

Optimizing your chances of defeating a master of the macabre
For Bettor or Worse
Authors: Poulsen Rolf
Published: October 2024

There�s nothing fishy about digging on Poisson, or is there?
The Calibration Conundrum
Authors: Ballotta Laura
Published: October 2024

Even after solving calibration issues like non-convexity, a suitable minimization algorithm is needed, raising questions about the algorithms we hope to lead us to the promised land: the optimal parameter set of our chosen model.
Simpson�s Paradox: Conceptual Foundational Implications in Real-Life Decision-Making in Quantitative Investment and Trading
Authors: Mani Pankaj
Published: October 2024

Pankaj Mani writes that a phenomenon in probability and statistics in which a trend appears in several groups of data but disappears or reverses when the groups are combined raises foundational issues in concluding the significance of statistical relationships among different variables reliably in real-world decision-making for trading, investing, risk management.
Mental Interference
Authors: Orrell David
Published: October 2024

This excerpt from Chapter 4 looks at how the quantum approach can be used to model the cognitive interference that often occurs when making decisions.
Forced Air Flair/Wild Thing
Authors: Radley Milford
Published: October 2024

Lamborghini throws out its rule book and finally introduces turbocharging to its latest supercar.
THE SPECIFICS OF THE COMMUNICATIVE AND COGNITIVE PROCESSES OF A PERSON AS A SUBJECT OF EDUCATIONAL RELATIONS
Authors: Андреева А.А.
Published: October 2024

Образовательная система выполняет общественно значимые функции по поддержке сфер производственного хозяйствования и духовно-нравственного развития социума, однако, наряду с другими социальными системами, ядром образования является личность, его уникальные потребности, которые при сопоставлении с текущими запросами общества задают вектор развития самой системе. Однако раскрытие личности в образовании является непростой задачей, поскольку субъектно-объектные отношения внутри системы образования иногда являются хаотичными, трудно поддающимися какой бы то ни было систематизации; при этом внутри субъектных отношений могут выявляться объектные отношения, как и наоборот. Сложность представления субъектно-объектных коммуникаций, в свою очередь, наращивает и степень сложности выражения личности в ее когнитивном функционале, где сопрягаются психологические аспекты личности с ее самостоятельной интерпретацией получаемых знаний об окружающей действительности. Цель работы – рассмотреть проблему сложности представления субъектно-объектных коммуникаций личности в образовании в контексте самостоятельности и взаимосвязи когнитивных и коммуникативных процессов.

The educational system performs socially significant functions to support the spheres of industrial management and the spiritual and moral development of society, however, along with other social systems, the core of education is the individual, his unique needs, which, when compared with the current demands of society, set the vector of development of the system itself. However, the disclosure of personality in education is not an easy task, since the subject-object relations within the education system are sometimes chaotic, difficult to systematize in any way; at the same time, object relations can be revealed within the subject relations, exactly as vice versa. The complexity of the representation of subject-object communications, in turn, increases the degree of complexity of the expression of personality in psychological and cognitive functionality, where psychological aspects of personality are combined with its independent interpretation of the acquired knowledge about the surrounding reality. The purpose of the work is to consider the problem of the complexity of representing the subject-object communications of a personality in education in the context of independence and the relationship of cognitive and communicative processes.
CORRELATION OF SELF-ACTUALIZATION WITH PECULIARITIES OF EXISTENTIAL MOTIVATIONS IN YOUNG PEOPLE
Authors: Ахрямкина Т.А. , Бычкова Д.В.
Published: October 2024

В статье рассматривается проблема взаимосвязи самоактуализации с особенностями экзистенциальных мотиваций молодых людей. Авторы обосновывают важность проблемы актуализации и проживания экзистенциального кризиса с позиции разных ученых-психологов. Проведенное эмпирическое исследование позволило выявить значимые корреляционные взаимосвязи между вышеназванными категориями.

The article dwells on the problem of correlation between the self-actualization and peculiarities of emotional states of young people. The authors use standpoints of different psychologists to substantiate the importance of the problem of actualization and experiencing the existential crisis. The completed empiric research enabled to identify the meaningful correlational affinity between the abovementioned categories.