bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructing Labor Markets
Authors: Ruef Martin
Published: November 2012

In the U.S. South, a free labor market rapidly—although, in some cases, only nominally—replaced the plantation system of slave labor in the years following the American Civil War. Drawing on data comprising 75,099 transactions in the antebellum period, as well as 1,378 labor contracts in the postbellum era, I examine how the valuation of black labor was transformed between the 1830s and the years of emancipation. I trace the process of valuation through four markets for labor, moving from slave purchases and appraisals within the plantation economy, to the antebellum system of hiring out, to wage-setting for black labor under the auspices of the Freedmen’s Bureau. Comparative analysis of labor pricing across these markets reveals systematic differences: slave markets placed price premiums on children and young women, and occupational skills emerged as the most salient influence in the pricing of wage labor. I conclude by theorizing how transvaluation of labor occurs when markets for unfree and free workers are governed by distinct institutional conditions.
It’s All about Control
Authors: Lyness Karen S. , Gornick Janet C. , Stone Pamela , Grotto Angela R.
Published: November 2012

Workers’ ability to control their work schedules and hours varies significantly among industrialized countries. We integrate and extend prior research from a variety of literatures to examine antecedents of control and worker outcomes. Using hierarchical linear modeling and data for 21 countries from the 1997 ISSP Work Orientations Survey supplemented with national indicators developed from a variety of sources, we find that control is associated with country characteristics (affluence, welfare state generosity, union coverage, and working-time regulations), worker attributes (being male, being older, and being better educated), and job characteristics (working part-time, being self-employed, having higher earnings, and having more advancement opportunities). We also examine the relationship of control to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and strain-based work-family conflict. Generally, low levels of control are linked to negative outcomes for workers, especially for women, an effect sometimes modulated by country-level policy measures.
The Fear Factor
Authors: Reyns Bradford W. , Englebrecht Christine M.
Published: November 2012

The crime of stalking has received much research attention, yet there are still important questions to be explored surrounding this behavior. One such question relates to definitions of stalking, including the requirement that victims must express fear to qualify as victims of stalking. The current study addresses this issue by exploring the “fear factor” among stalking victims. In particular, the authors examine the effects situational and victim characteristics have on the fear experienced by stalking victims. Furthermore, as stalking is a crime of repeated pursuit, precursors to fear are examined at two points during the stalking encounter: when the pursuit first began and as it progressed. The results revealed not only that certain situational and victim characteristics produced fear in victims but also that these influences differed across time periods.
The significance of Mark 3:20-end for understanding the message of Mark’s gospel
Authors: Jordan Richard
Published: November 2012

This article argues that Mark 3:20-35 is important for an understanding of Mark’s apparently enigmatic ending and his overall purpose. This is the first passage in which Jesus alludes to his arrest and confronts the authorities who will engineer his crucifixion. Mark powerfully draws the readers’ attention to the passage both by his narrative technique and in the passage’s content.

The article also shows however, that the significance of the passage is lost by most commentators because they assume, in the parable of the Strong One, that Satan / Beelzebul should be identified as the Strong One and that he has already been bound by Jesus. In this they follow Luke’s reinterpretation of Mark’s material. Compelling evidence is presented however, that here the Strong One is Jesus and that the binding of the Strong One refers to his passion.

The passage is also seen to cast significant light on Mark’s understanding of the phrase Son of Man and his unique use of ‘Sons of Men’ to describe Jesus’ followers.

Mark’s Gospel is seen to have enduring resonance particularly with those who face persecution.
A Taxonomy of the Pastor-Theologian: Why PhD Students Should Consider the Pastorate as the Context for Their Theological Scholarship
Authors: Hiestand Gerald
Published: November 2012

The bifurcation of theological scholarship from pastoral ministry has led to a twofold problem in contemporary church/academy relations: the theological anemia of the church, and the ecclesial anemia of theology. This essay explores these twin problems and suggests that the way forward in bridging the gap between academy and church is to reunite the pastoral vocation with the vocation of the theologian. Toward this end, the essay offers a taxonomy of three contemporary models of the pastor-theologian, examining the strengths and limitations of each. Ultimately, the paper calls for a resurrection of an all but extinct, yet historically rooted model of the pastorate—the pastor as ecclesial theologian, and challenges the emerging generations of theologians to consider the pastorate as a viable context for their future theological scholarship.
Speaking of hope
Authors: Paddison Angus
Published: November 2012

This article examines what it is possible for Christians to say about the nature of hope. Speaking of hope is possible for Christians insofar as we attend to God’s action in time which is filled full by God with the promise of his presence. The first part of the article explores what it means to read Scripture hopefully, that is ‘around’ the Christ-event. Hopeful reading of the biblical text is alert to the kind of text it is, and the context in which it is most faithfully placed. The main body of the essay looks to God’s shaping of history through specific foci: creation; Israel; and Jesus. To speak of the world as creation is to look to the world as ‘gift’ and graced with the promise of a future in the purposes of God. The election of a people, Israel, invites us to imagine hope as irreducibly social and so political. Finally, the hope spoken of by Christians has a name – Jesus. Risen from the dead Jesus has a future that he promises will incorporate those who follow him.
Culturally sensitive mental health care: A study of contemporary psychiatric treatment for ultra-orthodox Jews in Israel
Authors: Stolovy Tali , Levy Yvan Moses , Doron Adiel , Melamed Yuval
Published: November 2012

Background:

The literature describes psychiatric treatment of ultra-orthodox Jews as complex and challenging, in light of this community’s unique characteristics and the ideological gap between ultra-orthodox patients and secular professionals. Recent data indicate that patient-centred culturally sensitive care contributes to the treatment outcomes among cultural minorities.

Aims:

To examine the effect of the level of a physician’s religiosity and cultural sensitivity, as perceived by ultra-orthodox Jewish psychiatric patients, as well as the treatment venue (i.e. the distance of the treatment facility from the patients’ community) on treatment outcomes (working alliance, medical adherence and the patients’ social adaptation).

Methods:

The sample included 38 ultra-orthodox Jewish men and women receiving psychiatric treatment at the Lev Hasharon Mental Health Centre. The participants completed questionnaires about the physician’s religiousness and cultural sensitivity, working alliance, medical adherence and social adaptation.

Results:

Working alliance was positively related to the treatment location, meaning that patients were more committed and involved in the treatment when it took place in a facility distanced from their community. Working alliance was also correlated with medical adherence. Regression analysis revealed that the doctor’s acquaintance with religion and cultural sensitivity predicted patients’ reported social adaptation level.

Conclusions:

In contrary to common perceptions, ultra-orthodox patients are not necessarily reluctant to be treated by secular physicians. These patients prefer a discreet treatment far from their community’s public eye. Their perception of a doctor who acknowledges and respects their religiosity positively affects the way that they perceive their social functioning. Culturally sensitive treatment enables patients to feel respected and acknowledged through their sociocultural affiliation, and not only through their disorder. It seems essential to train physicians about the importance of culturally sensitive treatment with this population.
Biomarkers of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Scanlon C.S. , Van Tubergen E.A. , Inglehart R.C. , D’Silva N.J.
Published: November 2012

An understanding of the process by which tumor cells destroy the basement membrane of the surface epithelium, invade, and metastasize is essential to the development of novel treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In recent years, there has been increased interest in the role of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in invasion. EMT is a process that describes the development of motile, mesenchymal-like cells from non-motile parent epithelial cells. There are 3 known types of EMT that mediate development, wound healing, and carcinogenesis. This review summarizes studies of known EMT biomarkers in the context of HNSCC progression. The biomarkers discussed come from a wide range of proteins, including cell-surface proteins (E-cadherin, N-cadherin, and Integrins), cytoskeletal proteins (α-Smooth Muscle Actin, Vimentin, and β-catenin), extracellular matrix proteins (Collagens, Fibronectin, and Laminin), and transcription factors (SNAIL1, SNAIL2, TWIST, and LEF-1). Overall, the findings of these studies suggest that EMT mediates HNSCC progression. The mechanistic role of the EMT markers that have been associated with HNSCC should be more clearly defined if new anti-HNSCC therapies to block EMT progression are to be developed.
Implications of Changes for the Field
Authors: Sibley Margaret H. , Waxmonsky James G. , Robb Jessica A. , Pelham William E.
Published: November 2012

This article provides a thorough discussion of the proposed DSM-5 changes and their implications for current and future approaches to assessment, identification, and service delivery for children and adolescents with ADHD. Educational and clinical implications are discussed with special attention to the individual impact of the changes, diagnostic prevalence rates, and associated societal costs. Developmental period is considered as an important factor in the potential impact of the DSM-5 changes. The authors conclude that the DSM-5 proposed revisions may improve diagnostic sensitivity and specificity; yet the overall impact of these changes remains largely unknown as many were not empirically validated. The authors suggest that the cumulative impact of the set of changes be considered when finalizing the DSM-5 revisions.
Popular Culture, Sport and the ‘Hero’-fication of British Militarism
Authors: Kelly John
Published: November 2012

A number of culturally significant practices have become incorporated into promoting and normalising British militarism in the face of increasing controversies surrounding Britain’s role in the ‘War on Terror’. Utilising a critical discourse analysis, this article draws on Goffman’s deference and demeanour work and asserts that in conjunction with other popular cultural practices, sport is being co-opted into a multi-agency strategy that positions the military, government, media and citizens in a joint ceremony of supportive affirmation of UK militarism. A discursive formation, which circumscribes legitimate discourses around the ‘War on Terror’, is shown to symbolically annihilate critical opposition to British aggression in Iraq and Afghanistan whilst normalising the joint ceremony of support.
Digital Futures? Sociological Challenges and Opportunities in the Emergent Semantic Web
Authors: Halford Susan , Pope Catherine , Weal Mark
Published: November 2012

In the context of recent debates about the ‘data deluge’ and the future of empirical sociology, this article turns attention to current activities aimed at achieving far-reaching transformations to the World Wide Web. The emergent ‘Semantic Web’ has received little attention in sociology, despite its potentially profound consequences for data. In response to more general recent calls for a critical politics of data we focus our enquiry as follows: first, we explore how sociological analysis of the artefacts and tools that are currently being developed to build a Semantic Web helps us to uncover the potential effects of this ‘next generation’ web on knowledge, data and expertise; and second we consider what a Semantic Web might offer to sociological research. We conclude by considering some implications of multidisciplinary engagement with the Web for the future of sociology.
Response Error in Earnings
Authors: Kim ChangHwan , Tamborini Christopher R.
Published: November 2012

This article examines the problem of response error in survey earnings data. Comparing workers’ earnings reports in the U.S. Census Bureau’s Survey of Income and Program Participation (SIPP) to their detailed W-2 earnings records from the Social Security Administration, we employ ordinary least squares (OLS) and quantile regression models to assess the effects of earnings determinants and demographic variables on measurement errors in 2004 SIPP earnings in terms of bias and variance. Results show that measurement errors in earnings are not classical, but mean-reverting. The directions of bias for subpopulations are not constant, but varying across levels of earnings. Highly educated workers more correctly report their earnings than less educated workers at higher earnings levels, but they tend to overreport at lower earnings levels. Black workers with high earnings underreport to a greater degree than comparable whites, while black workers with low earnings overreport to a greater degree. Some subpopulations exhibit higher variances of measurement errors than others. Blacks, Hispanics, high school dropouts, part-year employed workers, and occupation “switchers” tend to misreport—both over- and underreport—their earnings rather than unilaterally in one direction. The implications of our findings are discussed.
Should a Normal Imputation Model be Modified to Impute Skewed Variables?
Authors: von Hippel Paul T.
Published: November 2012

Researchers often impute continuous variables under an assumption of normality–yet many incomplete variables are skewed. We find that imputing skewed continuous variables under a normal model can lead to bias. The bias is usually mild for popular estimands such as means, standard deviations, and linear regression coefficients, but the bias can be severe for more shape-dependent estimands such as percentiles or the coefficient of skewness. We test several methods for adapting a normal imputation model to accommodate skewness, including methods that transform, truncate, or censor (round) normally imputed values as well as methods that impute values from a quadratic or truncated regression. None of these modifications reliably reduces the biases of the normal model, and some modifications can make the biases much worse. We conclude that, if one has to impute a skewed variable under a normal model, it is usually safest to do so without modifications–unless you are more interested in estimating percentiles and shape than in estimating means, variances, and regressions. In the conclusion, we briefly discuss promising developments in the area of continuous imputation models that do not assume normality.
I’m Not Rude, I’m Just Moody
Authors: Morse Chris R. , Afifi Walid A.
Published: November 2012

A growing body of research on the role played by affect within interpersonal interaction has shown it to be a critical element in communication choices. Comparatively little attention has been paid to the specific impact of moods in this context, and as of yet no data have been published on the role of mood in shaping responses to a very common interaction event: goal interruption. This investigation relies on several theoretical frameworks to examine the impact that mood has on politeness, both in initial communication attempts and in following goal interruption. An experiment was conducted in which 99 participants attempted to persuade a confederate on a specific topic. Results show that positive-mood individuals begin persuasive attempts with less verbal politeness and less immediacy than their negative-mood counterparts. Furthermore, both positive and negative-mood individuals exhibited reductions in immediacy but increases in verbal politeness following partner interference. The findings are discussed and future directions are suggested.
A Developmental Taxonomy of Juvenile Sex Offenders for Theory, Research, and Prevention
Authors: Lussier Patrick , Van Den Berg Chantal , Bijleveld Catrien , Hendriks Jan
Published: November 2012

The current study investigates the offending trajectories of juvenile sex offenders (JSOs) across and beyond adolescence. In doing so, the study examines the number, the rate, and the shape of nonsexual and sexual offending trajectories in a sample of JSOs followed retrospectively and prospectively from late childhood to adulthood. Using semiparametric group-based modeling, the study reveals the presence of five distinctive nonsexual offending and two sexual offending trajectories: adolescent-limited and high-rate slow desisters. The study does not find strong evidence of synchronicity between nonsexual and sexual trajectories, suggesting that the current taxonomy of antisocial behaviors may offer a limited perspective on sex offender types. Furthermore, sexual trajectories do not differ much across sex offender types, suggesting that the findings might be generalized to child and peer abusers. The study findings offer supporting evidence for the presence of two distinct JSO types with important implications for theory, research, and interventions.
The Predictive Validity of a General Risk/Needs Assessment Inventory on Sexual Offender Recidivism and an Exploration of the Professional Override
Authors: Wormith J. Stephen , Hogg Sarah , Guzzo Lina
Published: November 2012

This study examines the predictive validity of the Level of Service/Case Management Inventory (LS/CMI) on a sample of sexual offenders extracted from a large cohort of offenders and compares predictive validities with nonsexual offenders from the same cohort. The LS/CMI predicted sex offenders’ general recidivism, which occurred at a rate of 44.1%, with about the same accuracy as less frequently occurring violent (12.34%) and sexual recidivism (3.73%; AUC = .77, .74, and .74, respectively) and with nonsexual offenders. The study revealed that allowing assessors to override the numerically derived risk level with their professional judgment, a practice that increased risk level much more often than it decreased it, reduced the predictive validity of the scale and did so particularly for sex offenders by increasing risk excessively. An exploration of factors related to these adjustments revealed that non-risk-related characteristics were used in judgments to modify risk ratings. Implications for policy and practice are considered.
Board Composition Beyond Independence
Authors: Johnson Scott G. , Schnatterly Karen , Hill Aaron D.
Published: November 2012

Board composition is a critical element in the ability of the board to impact firm outcomes. While much of this research has focused on size and independence, there is growing literature that investigates the composition of directors’ demography, human capital, and social capital. The purpose of this article is to synthesize this diverse literature. The authors first review the literature on board demographics, human capital, and social capital composition research. In doing so, they highlight the theoretical and methodological approaches utilized. Finally, they suggest avenues for future research that can advance our understanding of the effects of board composition.
A Synthetic Comparator Approach to Local Evaluation of School-Based Substance Use Prevention Programming
Authors: Hansen William B. , Derzon James H. , Reese Eric L.
Published: November 2012

We propose a method for creating groups against which outcomes of local pretest–posttest evaluations of evidence-based programs can be judged. This involves assessing pretest markers for new and previously conducted evaluations to identify groups that have high pretest similarity. A database of 802 prior local evaluations provided six summary measures for analysis. The proximity of all groups using these variables is calculated as standardized proximities having values between 0 and 1. Five methods for creating standardized proximities are demonstrated. The approach allows proximity limits to be adjusted to find sufficient numbers of synthetic comparators. Several index cases are examined to assess the numbers of groups available to serve as comparators. Results show that most local evaluations would have sufficient numbers of comparators available for estimating program effects. This method holds promise as a tool for local evaluations to estimate relative effectiveness.
The face perception system becomes species-specific at 3 months: An eye-tracking study
Authors: Di Giorgio Elisa , Méary David , Pascalis Olivier , Simion Francesca
Published: November 2012

The current study aimed at investigating own- vs. other-species preferences in 3-month-old infants. The infants’ eye movements were recorded during a visual preference paradigm to assess whether they show a preference for own-species faces when contrasted with other-species faces. Human and monkey faces, equated for all low-level perceptual characteristics, were used. Our results demonstrated that 3-month-old infants preferred the human face, suggesting that the face perception system becomes species-specific after 3 months of visual experience with a specific class of faces. The eye tracking results are also showing that fixations were more focused on the eye area of human faces, supporting the notion of their importance in holding visual attention.
“I Am Not Going to Lose My Kids to the Streets”
Authors: Bermúdez J. Maria , Zak-Hunter Lisa M. , Stinson Morgan A. , Abrams Bertranna A.
Published: November 2012

Motherhood has different meanings for women and there are a multitude of factors that shape experiences of parenting. Heuristic inquiry was used to examine the lived experiences of motherhood among 20 Mexican-origin women parenting alone. In-depth, semistructured interviews were conducted and data were organized and presented by six domains: (a) description of self as a mother, (b) perceptions of strengths, (c) perceptions of challenges, (d) influences as a parent, (e) meaning of motherhood, and (f) mothering as a woman of Mexican origin. Quotes were used to illustrate the six domains and a composite depiction to summarize our description and interpretation of the phenomenon of parenting alone as a Hispanic mother. Despite their challenges, participants described themselves as good mothers, who were protective, loving, and devoted to their children; they also described their culture as enriching their experiences of mothering although they faced obstacles due to marginalization and discrimination. A feminist-informed, intersectionality lens is used to discuss the findings.
First year teacher of first year teachers: A reflection on teacher training in the field of piano pedagogy
Authors: Elgersma Kristin
Published: November 2012

While there is a great deal of scholarly inquiry focusing on student teaching experiences in the field of classroom education, there are few resources devoted to student teaching in the context of the applied music lesson. In this article, a teacher educator in the field of piano pedagogy uses self-study to combine reflection on personal experience with academic research. This results in recommendations for best practices in developing successful applied music student teaching experiences, as well as in models to aid in evaluation of this teaching. The conclusions of this self-study not only aid applied music teacher educators in developing an artistic, effective pedagogy of applied music instruction, but also expand the limited academic writing about student teaching in the piano pedagogy curriculum.
Young people in cross-national volunteering: Perceptions of unfairness
Authors: Pantea Maria-Carmen
Published: November 2012

This qualitative study explores young people’s perceptions of unfairness when involved in cross-border volunteering. It extends the theoretical understanding of volunteering, by adding to the notion of barriers of access, the idea that poor volunteer management may pose obstacles in the process of volunteering. The research indicates that the young people are not passive, but justice-sensitive when faced with situations perceived as unfair. It argues that volunteering is prone to the same patterns of responding to dissatisfaction that have been researched for employment. Yet, this article adds a fifth generic decision types for quitting, namely quitting as an ethically minded statement of disapproval. This demonstrates that the tendency to invariably position young people as “morally responsible” for dropping out is often limiting and reproduces structural intergenerational power. Ultimately, the article seeks to improve organizations’ knowledge on “what does not work,” for the purpose of advancing the ethical management of international volunteering.
Long-term benefits of the Memory-Link programme in a case of amnesia
Authors: Savage Kimberley R , Svoboda Eva
Published: November 2012

Objective:

To systematically evaluate the maintenance of clinical gains from a structured memory intervention programme. Efficacy of the programme was initially demonstrated in RR, a woman with moderate-to-severe memory impairment following colloid cyst removal. In the current study (Svoboda and Richards, 2009), we examined RR’s day-to-day memory functioning 18 months after completion of the intervention programme.

Design:

Within-subject A1B1A2B2B3 single-case experimental design.

Setting:

Outpatient memory rehabilitation clinic.

Intervention:

A theory-driven training programme in the use of commercially available smartphones for individuals with moderate-to-severe memory impairment.

Main measures:

A phone call task was used as an objective measure of prospective memory function. Self-report, ecologically valid questionnaires were also completed to further assess generalization of smartphone use to day-to-day memory function.

Results:

Eighteen months after intervention, RR completed 80% of scheduled calls using the smartphone, a rate significantly higher than at baseline (40%) and comparable to her success rate immediately following intervention (90%) and at the four-month follow-up (90%). Responses to questionnaires indicated that RR felt more confident in her ability to handle memory-demanding situations and was making fewer memory mistakes. This favourable outcome was not found with the use of another smartphone brand for which training was not received.

Conclusions:

Results from ecologically valid measures of memory functioning demonstrated robust maintenance of independent commercial smartphone use over an 18-month period, with increases observed in independence, confidence and real-life memory functioning. The findings further suggest poor cross-device generalizability.
Short-term effects of spinal thrust joint manipulation in patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized clinical trial
Authors: Saavedra-Hernández Manuel , Arroyo-Morales Manuel , Cantarero-Villanueva Irene , Fernández-Lao Carolina , Castro-Sánchez Adelaida M , Puentedura Emilio J , Fernández-de-las-Peñas César
Published: November 2012

Objective:

To compare the effects of an isolated application of cervical spine thrust joint manipulation vs. the application of cervical, cervico-thoracic junction and thoracic manipulation on neck pain, disability and cervical range of motion in chronic neck pain.

Design:

Randomized clinical trial.

Setting:

Clinical practice.

Participants:

Eighty-two patients (41 females) with chronic mechanical neck pain.

Interventions:

Patients were randomly assigned to a cervical spine manipulation group or a full manipulative group who received mid-cervical, cervico-thoracic and thoracic joint manipulations.

Measurements:

Neck pain intensity (11-point numeric pain rating scale), self-reported disability (Neck Disability Index) and cervical range of motion were collected at baseline and one week after the intervention by an assessor blinded to the allocation of the patients.

Results:

A significant Group * Time interaction for Neck Disability Index ( P = 0.022), but not for neck pain ( P = 0.612), was found: patients in the full manipulative group exhibited greater reduction in disability than those who received the cervical spine manipulation alone, whereas both groups experienced similar decreases in neck pain. Patients in both groups experienced similar increases in cervical range of motion ( P > 0.4). No effect of gender was observed ( P > 0.299).

Conclusions:

In patients with chronic mechanical neck pain, manipulation of the cervical and thoracic spine leads to a greater reduction in disability at one week than after manipulation of the cervical spine alone, whereas changes in pain and range of motion are not affected differently.
A case report of non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia associated with ovarian germ-cell tumour
Authors: Powter Louise , Phillips Suzanne , Husbands Emma
Published: November 2012

Background:

Non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia is a rare paraneoplastic condition in which tumours secrete a high-molecular-weight precursor of insulin-like growth factor-II causing hypoglycaemia and can be difficult to identify and treat.

Case Presentation:

This is the case of a 27-year-old patient from Africa with metastatic ovarian yolk sac tumour who presented with hypoglycaemia and was subsequently diagnosed with non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia.

Case Management:

Our patient required higher doses of glucocorticosteroids than reported in the literature in combination with recombinant growth hormone therapy in order to control her hypoglycaemia.

Case Outcome:

This is the first case of non-islet cell tumour hypoglycaemia described in association with a germ-cell tumour. Her management required collaboration between the endocrinology team, the palliative care team, the acute medicine team and physicians in Africa to enable her safe journey home.

Conclusions:

This case illustrates the need for awareness among general physicians of rare tumour manifestations and the need for multidisciplinary input for the optimal management of these patients.
Individual experiences and impacts of a physiotherapist-led, non-pharmacological breathlessness programme for patients with intrathoracic malignancy: A qualitative study
Authors: Wood Helen , Connors Sonia , Dogan Sian , Peel Tim
Published: November 2012

Background:

Non-pharmacological breathlessness management programmes have been shown to be beneficial in the management of lung cancer–related dyspnoea for more than 10 years. What is not so clear is how they work.

Aim:

To evaluate how patients with intrathoracic malignancy (lung cancer or pleural mesothelioma) undergoing the non-pharmacological breathlessness management programmes benefited from the programme, using a qualitative methodology.

Design and Setting:

Consecutive patients completing the programme were invited to be interviewed (semi-structured and audio-recorded) about their experiences of the programme, what had helped them and how. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis.

Results:

Nine patients were interviewed. Seven major themes emerged, they are summarised as follows: (1) Mixed prior expectations of the programme, (2) flexibility of delivery and additional support needs, (3) physiotherapist attributes and skills in developing an effective helping relationship, (4) adoption of new techniques, (5) the effects and impact of the programme and new techniques, (6) difficulties and barriers to achieving change and (7) facing an uncertain future beyond the programme

Conclusion:

The non-pharmacological breathlessness management programme appears to offer a wide range of benefits to patients, including improving functional capacity, coping strategies and self-control. Such benefits are most likely to be due to a combination of breathing control, activity management and the therapist qualities.
Anti-Consumption as the Study of Reasons against
Authors: Chatzidakis Andreas , Lee Michael S. W.
Published: November 2012

Anti-consumption studies are gaining in popularity, but doubt remains as to whether they can add anything unique to consumer research and marketing that other similar topics cannot. This article attempts to explain the distinctive nature of anti-consumption and how it can contribute to the understanding of marketing beyond other related phenomena, such as ethical consumption, environmental consumption, consumer resistance, and symbolic consumption. Drawing upon reasons theory, the article contends that the “reasons against” consumption are not always the logical opposite of the “reasons for” consumption and there are important differences between phenomena of negation and affirmation. By focusing on the reasons against consumption, anti-consumption research acts as a lens that scholars and practitioners may use to view similar phenomena in a new light. The article illustrates this point by offering anti-consumption as an overarching perspective that spans a range of behavioral and thematic contexts, thereby revealing its unique contribution to marketing.
Carbon abatement via treating the solid waste from the Australian olive industry in mobile pyrolysis units: LCA with uncertainty analysis
Authors: El Hanandeh Ali
Published: November 2012

The olive oil industry in Australia has been growing at a rapid rate over the past decade. It is forecast to continue growing due to the steady increase in demand for olive oil and olive products in the local and regional market. However, the olive oil extraction process generates large amounts of solid waste called olive husk which is currently underutilized. This paper uses life-cycle methodology to analyse the carbon emission reduction potential of utilizing olive husk as a feedstock in a mobile pyrolysis unit. Four scenarios, based on different combinations of pyrolysis technologies (slow versus fast) and end-use of products (land application versus energy utilization), are constructed. The performance of each scenario under conditions of uncertainty was also investigated. The results show that all scenarios result in significant carbon emission abatement. Processing olive husk in mobile fast pyrolysis units and the utilization of bio-oil and biochar as substitutes for heavy fuel oil and coal is likely to realize a carbon offset greater than 32.3 Gg CO2-eq annually in 90% of the time. Likewise, more than 3.2 Gg-C (11.8 Gg CO2-eq) per year could be sequestered in the soil in the form of fixed carbon if slow mobile pyrolysis units were used to produce biochar.
Management strategies on the industrialization road of state-of- the-art technologies for e-waste recycling: the case study of electrostatic separation—a review
Authors: Xue Mianqiang , Li Jia , Xu Zhenming
Published: November 2012

Electronic waste (e-waste) management is pressing as global production has increased significantly in the past few years and is rising continuously at a fast rate. Many countries are facing hazardous e-waste mountains, most of which are disposed of by backyard recyclers, creating serious threats to public health and ecosystems. Industrialization of state-of-the-art recycling technologies is imperative to enhance the comprehensive utilization of resources and to protect the environment. This article aims to provide an overview of management strategies solving the crucial problems during the process of industrialization. A typical case study of electrostatic separation for recycling waste printed circuit boards was discussed in terms of parameters optimization, materials flow control, noise assessment, risk assessment, economic evaluation and social benefits analysis. The comprehensive view provided by the review could be helpful to the progress of the e-waste recycling industry.
Adapting to Climate Change in Swedish Planning Practice
Authors: Dymén Christian , Langlais Richard
Published: November 2012

Mitigation measures, especially municipal energy infrastructure transformation, have been the focus of Sweden’s climate change responses. Recently, adaptation measures have grown in priority and planners are challenged to integrate mitigation and adaptation. In our study, we observe how synergies and conflicts in adaptation, mitigation, and other social and economic dimensions of spatial planning are grappled with in municipalities. We draw primarily from interviews with municipal planners and regional agencies as well as a review of policy documents. Our conclusion is that municipalities could be assisted in their climate change planning by stronger regional and national involvement.
Coping With Administrative Constraints by Quebec School Principals
Authors: Poirel Emmanuel , Lapointe Pierre , Yvon Frédéric
Published: November 2012

The rapid pace of ongoing change in the Quebec education system has had an important impact on the complexity of the job and the workload of school principals. The present study examined the coping strategies used by school principals when facing administrative constraints. The Administrative Stress Index ASI ( N = 238) was used to identify and link the main stressors to the stressful encounters found on video for six principals out of the sample who accepted to be filmed during a working day. Coping strategies were identified in five sequences that met the necessary criteria for the explanatory qualitative analysis. The results show that the main sources of stress come from administrative constraints, and that the principals are not passive but rather try to cope by addressing the constraints they are faced with and by seeking information or support. Principals also have to cope with their emotions and show a lot of self-control. Overall, these findings point to the need for a better understanding of the relationship between stress and coping.
Physical properties and in vitro evaluation of collagen–chitosan–calcium phosphate microparticle-based scaffolds for bone tissue regeneration
Authors: Zugravu Monica V , Smith Richard A , Reves Benjamin T , Jennings Jessica A , Cooper Jared O , Haggard Warren O , Bumgardner Joel D
Published: November 2012

Due to limitations of bone autografts and allografts, synthetic bone grafts using osteoconductive biomaterials have been designed. In this study, collagen–chitosan–calcium phosphate microparticle-based scaffolds fused with glycolic acid were compared to their counterparts without collagen in terms of degradation, cytocompatibility, porosity, and Young’s modulus. It was found that 26–30% collagen was incorporated and that hydroxyapatite was present. Moreover, there were no differences between control and collagen scaffolds in degradation, cytocompatibility, porosity, and Young’s modulus. In general, scaffolds exhibited 23% porosity, 0.6–1.2 MPa Young’s modulus, 23% degradation over 4 weeks, and supported a four to seven fold increase in osteoblast cell number over 7 days in culture. Collagen can be incorporated into these bone graft substitute scaffolds, which show an improved degradation profile.
Development of Automated Custom-Made Pants Driven by Body Shape
Authors: Song Hwa Kyung , Ashdown Susan P.
Published: November 2012

Mass customization and automated custom clothing have been regarded as promising methods for the apparel industry to create well-fitting clothing for customers. However, current off-the-shelf automated custom patternmaking software cannot generate custom clothing with perfect fit since alteration starts from a single graded base pattern regardless of customers' body shape, resulting in an extreme pattern alteration in areas that the system cannot accomplish effectively for some customers. Therefore we developed a set of basic pants patterns optimized for three lower body shape groups, and tested whether improved customization could occur if the alteration process is started from differently shaped block patterns that are suitable for each body figure. The body shape groups were identified using a new data driven method using multiple body measurements (depths, angles, and arcs). The results showed that the new made-to-measure system incorporating body shape information into block patterns can generate custom patterns with better fit.
The influence of polypyrrole coating on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-filled polytetrafluoroethylene composite
Authors: Chen Huayan , Cai Xuefeng , Bi Xianshun
Published: November 2012

The objective of this work is to improve the interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) of the composites by surface coating of carbon fibers (CFs). The effect of polypyrrole (PPy) coating on CF composites was studied. The morphologies of untreated and treated CFs were characterized by scanning electron microscope and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. Surface analysis showed that the surface of CFs chemisorbed oxygen-containing groups and active carbon as well as increased wettability after surface treatment with PPy. The mechanical properties show that the treated CF composites can possess excellent interfacial properties with polytetrafluoroethylene matrix, and ILSS of the composites is up to 106 MPa.
Expressive motives and third-party candidates
Authors: Indridason Indridi H
Published: November 2012

The electoral success of an extremist party usually attracts considerable attention. Yet, they rarely have an opportunity to directly influence policy as they are, more often than not, shut out of the policy-making process by mainstream parties. Extremist parties may, however, influence policy indirectly by inducing mainstream parties to adjust their electoral strategies. I consider a model of electoral competition between an expressive extremist party and two mainstream parties in first-past-the-post and majority runoff elections. The presence of an extremist party results in an equilibrium policy outcome that is further away from the extremist’s preferred policy but the magnitude of the effect is shown to depend on the type of electoral system.
Three-dimensional finite element analysis of effects of roller intervals on tool forces and wall thickness in stagger spinning of thin-walled tube
Authors: Li Yong , Wang Jin , Lu Guo-Dong , Chen Qi-Song
Published: November 2012

Roller intervals are the key parameters of the stagger spinning process, which affect the shape accuracy and productivity of the products. In this article, the effects of different roller intervals in axial and radial directions on tool forces, wall thickness, and strain and stress variations in stagger spinning have been analyzed numerically by the finite element analysis. The results show that with the increasing of the axial roller intervals, the differences between tool force components (axial, radial, and tangential) become lower at first, and then have the trend to be higher. The similar phenomenon on tool force occurs when the radial interval of roller 3 increases and that of roller 2 decreases. Wall thickness variations are mainly affected by axial roller intervals; the bigger the axial intervals are, the higher the variations of wall thickness that would be seen. Meanwhile, the real reductions of wall thickness are mainly affected by radial roller intervals. When the radial interval of roller 3 is larger than that of roller 2, there would be a higher real wall thickness reduction.
Research on characteristics of gravitational gliding for high-altitude solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Gao Xian-Zhong , Hou Zhong-Xi , Guo Zheng , Wang Peng , Zhang Jun-Tao
Published: November 2012

Gravitational gliding during night without electric power is an efficient method to enhance the endurance of high-altitude solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicles. The properties of the maximum endurance path of gravitational gliding are studied in this article. The maximum endurance path problem is formulated as the problem of the maximum endurance can be sustained by unit altitude difference with the constraints of dynamic equations and aerodynamic parameters. The maximum endurance path is generated by Gauss pseudo-spectral method, and a new way to estimate co-state variables in Hamiltonian is proposed. In order to analyze the sensitivity of initial altitude and velocity of solar unmanned aerial vehicles with its endurance performance, the lift coefficient in the interval [0.4, 1.2] and flight envelopes between 0 and 30 km are investigated. The results are as follows: first, the broad range of lift coefficients can improve solar aircrafts’ long-endurance performance; second, the lower the initial altitude, the longer the gliding endurance can be sustained by unit altitude difference; third, it is possible for a solar-powered unmanned aerial vehicle to keep aloft during the whole night just by gravitational potential energy storage, but the issues with turbulence and wind would render this mode of unlimited endurance unfeasible. Thus, gravitational gliding by potential energy storage can only be partly used instead of electric energy storage in application now.
Optimal Social-Networking Strategy Is a Function of Socioeconomic Conditions
Authors: Oishi Shigehiro , Kesebir Selin
Published: November 2012

In the two studies reported here, we examined the relation among residential mobility, economic conditions, and optimal social-networking strategy. In Study 1, a computer simulation showed that regardless of economic conditions, having a broad social network with weak friendship ties is advantageous when friends are likely to move away. By contrast, having a small social network with deep friendship ties is advantageous when the economy is unstable but friends are not likely to move away. In Study 2, we examined the validity of the computer simulation using a sample of American adults. Results were consistent with the simulation: American adults living in a zip code where people are residentially stable but economically challenged were happier if they had a narrow but deep social network, whereas in other socioeconomic conditions, people were generally happier if they had a broad but shallow networking strategy. Together, our studies demonstrate that the optimal social-networking strategy varies as a function of socioeconomic conditions.