bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modified iron‐oxide pigment based paints
Authors: Aggarwal L.K. , Kapse G.W.
Published: February 2008

It is well known that iron oxide, a pigment widely used in the paint industry, can not bring about chemical inhibition of the corrosion process. This pigment, however, belongs to the semi‐conductor group and as such its structure is amenable to modification. The method essentially consists of mixing another oxide with iron oxide and subsequent calcination. The modified iron oxide was studied in four media viz., linseed oil, alkyd, chlorinated rubber and sodium silicate. The paints prepared in these media were evaluated by laboratory and natural weathering tests. The results have shown that the modified iron oxide pigment does bring about corrosion inhibition and that its performance is on a par with that of red lead in linseed oil and can be used with advantage. There is an overall saving in the cost of protection per unit area of iron and steel.
Paint testing: a survey of modern techniques Part 2: Surface and interface studies
Authors: Boxall J
Published: February 2008

Studies of surface and interfacial properties can yield useful information to the coating's technologist when formulating new products or when concerned with determining mechanisms of behaviour in service.
Varnish and laminates for printing
Authors: Smith Tony
Published: February 2008

To oversimplify the issue it could be said that laminates provide glossier surfaces than varnished ones, are relatively trouble free, but tend to add 50% to the cost. As in any oversimplification there are degrees of truth, and certainly from the printers' viewpoint, considerable skill and care is required in using both materials.
Formulating with aluminium silicate spacer pigments
Authors: Martensson Bjarne
Published: February 2008

A synthetic sodium aluminium silicate (SSAS) Pigment, Zeolex 323) with new unique properties has been presented in earlier articles. This product is used in the coatings industry as a spacer for titanium dioxide and colour pigments.
Silver electric conductive paints
Authors: El‐Sawy S.M. , Abdel‐Mohdy F.A. , Morsi I.M.
Published: February 2008

Twenty seven formulations were prepared based on three grades of laboratory prepared silver pigments. These formulations could be classified into three main groups. The aim of this classification is to study the effect of the type of binder and pigment on the efficiency of the formulated electric conductive paints. A commercial silver conductive paint is used for comparison. The formulated paints were laboratory tested for adhesion, hardness, acid and alkali resistance, corrosion protection and electric conductivity. It has been found that these formulations pass all the laboratory tests. The conductivity of the formulated paints is higher than the conductivity of the commercial one. Both of the pigment particle size and the type of the used binder effect the conductivity of the formulated paints.
Trends in pigment preparations
Authors: Gruneman Hans
Published: February 2008

One of the most fascinating aspects of the organic pigment scene today is its increasingly high degree of specialisation. Pigment manufacturers, in response to the ever changing requirements of the colour using industries have upgraded the quality of pigment powders, particularly with regard to colour strength, gloss transparency and rheology. Colour users, at the same time, have become considerably more knowledgeable about the optimum conditions required for producing a good, stable dispersion and using modern equipment, have been able to develop sophisticated dispersion techniques which enable them to ‘squeeze’ a lot more out of pigments than they did only a few years ago.
Flexographic Inks
Authors: Smith Tony
Published: February 2008

The adaptability of the flexographic printing process to cater for the ever widening range of base surfaces on which print is applied has presented a considerable challenge to ink technologists in recent years.
Modern antifouling coatings. Part I — Synthesis and testing of some organotin polymer systems
Authors: Messiha N.N. , Abd El‐Malek M.M. , Ayoub M.M.H.
Published: February 2008

Three copolymer and three terpolymer systems involving tributyltin methacrylate, methyl methacrylate and acrylonitrile were prepared with variable tin content of 7, 15 and 22%. The structure of the organotin polymers was investigated by the elemental analysis of tin and nitrogen and by infrared spectroscopy. Long‐term leaching rate determinations of tin from the organotin polymer films were studied and were in the range of 0.033–0.045 ?g Sn/cm2/day. The antifouling performance of the prepared polymer varnishes was tested at Ismailia and at Alexandria. Tributyltin methacrylate‐methyl methacrylate copolymer with tin content of 22% exhibited the highest antifouling potential for more than 18 months.
The metallic soaps of naphthenic acids
Authors: Lower Edgar S.
Published: February 2008

There are a number of outlets for cobalt naphthenate in the production and processing of polymers, including its use as a catalyst in the polymerisation of olefins, and the naphthenate has been studied in an investigation into the influence of metal ions on the radical graft copolymerisation of monomers onto poly‐olefins chains. It can also be employed in the production of photodegradable polymers, and foamed polymers.
Developments in raw materials Part 2: Protective pigments
Authors: Boxall J
Published: February 2008

For any paint or coating system performance in service is determined by the whole formulation, with each of the individual ingredients contributing either directly or by interaction to the overall balance of film properties. Within these constraints, paint formulators recognise that certain materials have a well defined role to play and in many instances a consideration of a coatings service requirements does largely dictate the initial approach to formulation. One such ‘key’ group of materials are the pigments added to anticorrosive paints to provide protection to metallic substrates under aggressive conditions of exposure. One group of these pigments inhibit corrosion by perturbing in one of a number of ways the chemical reactions that would otherwise occur on the substrate surface in the presence of water. Other types of protective pigments function by improving the barrier properties of the applied paint film so that water cannot readily permeate through and initiate corrosion reactions on the substrate. Pigments in this group typically have a flake‐like particle shape which enables a ‘leafing’ effect to be achieved within the liquid coating after application. The inhibitive types of pigment need to be in close proximity to the substrate to function properly, and accordingly these are normally placed in primer coats only. The flake pigments which reduce moisture permeation through the film are most effective if added in depth, and these are often added to severa or all of the coats comprising a system, or are included as the sole protective pigment in high‐build paints. Recent developments in both of these broad groups of inhibitive and flake pigments will be considered in this article.
The metallic soaps of naphthenic acids — Part 6
Authors: Lower Edgar S.
Published: February 2008

Lead naphthenate has a number of functions in lubricants, including cutting oils, gear lubricants, extreme pressure lubricants, its main effect being that of an extreme pressure additive for lubricants reducing friction. It can also be used to inhibit the evolution of hydrogen sulphide from sulphurised mineral lubricating oils, and as an anti‐seizure agent in these oils. The napthenate has been incorporated into break‐in lubricants for ferrous and chromium plated piston rings running in aluminium cylinders, so that they do not scuff. The soap has been utlized in the preparation of metal cutting oils of the non‐soluble type, and to stabilize such oils wen they contain chloro‐hydro‐carbon.
The metallic soaps of naphthenic acids — Part 6
Authors: Lower Edgar S.
Published: February 2008

Manganese naphthenate has been utilized to improve the combustion properties of kerosine and to reduce soot content of flue gases. It is also applicable as a corrosion inhibitor in gas turbine engines using naphtha as a fuel, and can be added to fuel of these engines to minimise corrosion at high temperature and filter blocking tendency, and to modify the type of deposit formed on turbine blades so that it is less adherent and softer, especially when cyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl is used as a smoke reducer. The manganese naphthenate soap has been utilized to inhibit wear in low speed marine diesel engines operating on vanadium‐containing residual‐type fuel oils, and it can be employed to reduce the ignition temperature of soot in furnaces, by as much as 200%, facilitating oxidative soot removal from, especially, oil‐fired furnaces. The addition of the product to heavy tractor oil can reduce sulpher trioxide concentration. Manganese naphthenate has been used as a catalyst to the manufacture of organo‐boran compounds for use in petrol and lubricants.
Developments in raw materials — Part 6: Solvents
Authors: Boxall J
Published: February 2008

Previous articles in this series have reviewed recent developments in certain key areas of raw materials technology. The fields covered have included colouring and protective pigments, extenders, and both non‐convertible and convertible media. This, the last part of the series, will consider some of the recent literature concerning the other main component in coatings formulations, the solvents. Solvents are volatile liquids which are primarily added to coatings in order to solubilise the resinous constituents and to control viscosity. Many other factors however, also have to be considered when selecting solvents for coating formulations, including evapouration rate, odour, flammability, toxicity and cost.
Creative advances in the coating industry
Authors: Valentine Leslie
Published: February 2008

The Paint Research Association's sixth International conference was held in Brussels from November 4th to 6th under the above title. Like its predecessors, it was concerned with developments at the very frontiers of knowledge, and attracted over 200 participants from over 100 companies from Europe, Japan and the United States of America. Most representatives were from paint or raw material manufacturers. Participants, who recieved extended abstract of the papers, were well‐pleased with the Conference, which formed part of the celebration of the P.R.A.'s Diamond Jubilee. The founder‐members would be delighted to see the P.R.A.'s role in bringing together so many distinguished lecturers and important advances in paint technology, described in 17 papers from so many countries; four sessions enabled good time for discussion periods.
Statistical probabilities
Authors: Roon Hannah
Published: February 2008

Before man created towns and cities, his health, well‐being and life‐span were only significantly affected by the interplay of biological factors upon his genetically determined make‐up. In other words, although he burned a little wood producing a modicum of carbon monoxide, pathogenic bacteria, viruses and parasites were his deadly enemies. Soon, of course, he invented war which, apart from precipitating violent ‘sterile’ death, also offered a further ripe ground for pathogens among the wounded. But still the environment — land, water, air — were in a state of great natural purity.
Just Testing
Authors: Roon Hannah
Published: February 2008

Life and perfection, if far from opposites, by their very nature lack affinity. True perfection is both inanimate and inert; once life and movement manifest themselves, perfection suffers long may it remain the case. Even so, certain man‐made commodities aim, quite rightly, at perfection and, left parcelled, would achieve it. For example, it is only when a golf‐club is eagerly grabbed by man, its implied perfection falls lamentably short. Man continues to aim at perfection by use of his great ingenuity — plus testing!
True high gloss dispersion paints based on pure acrylic dispersions
Authors: Immerzeel B.
Published: February 2008

It is a well‐known fact that paints based on pure acrylic dispersions have an attractive balance of properties.
Effect of some metal phthalocyanines and biphthalocyanines on the properties of natural rubber
Authors: Abd El‐Ghaffar M.A. , Younan A.F. , Yehia A.A.
Published: February 2008

Phthalocyanine compounds have their importance due to the massive utilization in various fields. Phthalocyanine blues and greens are used as pigments because of their outstanding stability to light, heat, acids and alkalis, and of course, their insolubility in water and organic solvents. They are used in printing inks, paints and plastics. Phthalocyanines are also used as catalyst in suffer oxidations in the petroleum industry and find use in lasers, medicines, photography, as photo‐ and semiconductors, in xerography and as indicators.
Modern antifouling coatings Part II. Preparation and testing of some antifouling formulations
Authors: Abd‐El‐Malek M.M. , Messiha N.N. , Ayoub M.M.H.
Published: February 2008

To organotin polymer systems were prepared based on the reaction of tri‐n‐butyltin methacrylate with methyl methacrylate ad acrylonitrile. Tin content of the polymers was about 22% and the physical properties of the organotin polymer films were investigated. The anti‐fouling potential of the prepared polymers was investigated as unpigmented and pigmented coatings at Alexandria and Port‐Said. Compositions containing vinyl copolymer as a co‐resin as well as cuprous oxide as a supporting toxin showed good antifouling performance for more than three years.
Rules of Engagement
Authors: Roon Hannah
Published: February 2008

How nice it would be if the paint trade and its supporting industries had something similar to the General Medical or Bar Council. What a help it would be if we could dig into something similar to the Legal Aid Fund or the bulging coffers of the NHS. As it is, if we don't wish to go under, we have to sell in the hardest of market‐places without the assistance of esoteric mumbo‐jumbo, mystique or fee scales. We don't mind this and, in fact, many of us relish our environment and make a good living. It is, however, the restrictive practices of the so called professions which give the rest of us a bad name in today's obsessive fashion for nannyisation in the form of consumer protection.
New series of metal binaphthalocyanine pigments
Authors: Abd El‐Ghaffar M.A. , Sayyah S.M. , Abd El‐Ghany A.R. , Sabbah I.A.
Published: February 2008

Copper and nickel 1,8 binaphthalocyanines were prepared by the urea fusion method. The proposed structure of these compounds was confirmed via micro‐analytical, volumetric and spectrophotometry methods. The prepared binaphthalocyanines compounds showed excellent pigmentary properties on evaluating them according to specific international standard methods.
Coloured pigments from petroleum oxy acids for surface coatings
Authors: Fam S.A. , Moustafa O.F. , Ezzat T.M. , Motawie A.M.
Published: February 2008

A dewaxed and dearomatized petroleum fraction having a boiling range 180–250°C was oxidised by air at 140°C. under atmospheric pressure using cobalt or manganese naphthenate as catalyst. The oxynaphthenic acids were isolated from the oxidation product, purified and then neutralised to sodium salts.
A logical approach to EMI shielding materials
Authors: Gindrup Wayne L.
Published: February 2008

The most reliable, inexpensive, and trouble‐free shielding method known at the present is spray coating using paints containing conductive metal particles. The best metals are those which do not lose conductivity due to oxidation. These consist of gold, platinum, palladium, iridium, silver and osmium. The least expensive is silver. A coating containing fine silver particles is an excellent conductor and shield. Paints containing fine silver particles have been available a long time but are very happy and very expensive. Their performance is, however, excellent.
Pigments and Resins — the future
Authors: Roon Hannah
Published: February 2008

There is always someone ready to condemn the present in the name of the past; there are those too, who would have us stand still. In the realms of art these attitudes are met with to a large extent and the ‘revival’ rather than the ‘creation’ is safer box‐office. Therefore, the true artist who also carries a sense of commercial reality looks for ways of utilising his creative talents upon the revival. This is brilliantly illustrated when Diaghileff said: in order to revive Scheherazade it would be necessary to heighten all the colours, since memory would have made them seem tones brighter.
Electrical insulating properties of some varnish compositions
Authors: Salman A.A. , El‐Anwar I. , Mohamed M.D.M.
Published: February 2008

The dielectric constant (E′), dielectric loss (E″) and power factor (tan §) were measured for various excess hydroxyl content resins (polyesteramide, alkyd/polyesteramide and alkyd resins) and also for their corresponding dry films. Measurements were conducted within the frequency band 105 to 107 Hz and temperature range 20–50°C. The various parameters affecting the dielectric behaviour of resin varnishes and their dry films are discussed. Also the effect of ageing at 110°C upon the dielectric behaviour of dry films is another parameter taken into consideration.
Advances in surface‐tolerant coatings
Authors: Boxall J.
Published: February 2008

The last few years have seen a continuing introduction of new materials designed to assist paint chemists involved with protective paint coatings for exterior metalwork. The range of pigments, extenders, and resin systems now available enables paints of ever increasing sophistication and durability to be formulated.
Effect of some selected pigments on the properties of styrene butadiene rubber
Authors: Abd El‐Ghaffar M.A. , Botros S.H. , Younan A.F. , Yehia A.A.
Published: February 2008

Some organo‐metallic pigments namely copper phthalocyanine, metal and metal free biphthalocyanines, halogenated copper phthalocyanine and two inorganic pigments (red and yellow iron oxides) were incorporated into styrene butadiene rubber mixes (SBR). The rheometric characteristics and mechanical properties of the compounded rubber were investigated. The antioxidant efficiency of the above mentioned pigments were evaluated. Beside their good colouring effect the synthesized copper and nickel biphthalocyanines and the commercial red iron oxide have a significant effect on the properties of rubber vulcanizates after ageing. In addition, nickel biphthalocyanine and red iron oxide can be successfully used as ultraviolet stabilizers for rubber vulcanizates.
Calcium stearate ‐ Part 1
Authors: Lower Edgar S.
Published: February 2008

A general review of the manufacture, properties, and uses of calcium stearate appeared in 1984. Its uses include that of a flating agent in paint, a lubricant, plasticizer and leveler for paper coatings, suspending agent in paints, a release agent in plastic and other mouldings, a tabletting agent, a water repellant, and a cosmetic component, etc. Methods for the production of the stearate have been published, e.g. from calcium hydroxide, in the presence of zeolites, as dust free granules, in spherical particles (for use as a stabilizer in poly (vinyl chloride), and as an aqueous surfactant, viscosity stabilized dispersion. The drying of the soap has also been described. Calcium/zinc stearate binary mixtures have been prepared, and calcium stearate dihydrate.
Japan's ambitious bridge project:
Authors: Okajima Masami
Published: February 2008

Japan consists mainly of four large islands. They are, from north to south, Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku and Kyushu. In 1988 Honshu and Hokkaido were connected by the Seikan undersea tunnel, while Honshu and Shikoku were connected by the Great Seto Bridge. Together with the Honshu‐Kyushu linkage, which had been established since the 1940s, the four main islands of the Japanese archipelago were connected by railways and expressways. This paper describes the Honshu‐Shikoku Bridge Project, including the Great Seto Bridge and the special coating technology used in the project.
U.V. Curable Materials
Authors: Schaeffer William
Published: February 2008

Current U. V. processing equipment incorporates multiple power levels and bulbs of differing spectral outputs. This paper investigates the cure responses of different types of inks and coatings when power levels and spectra are varied. The results show that accelerated curing rates and enhanced physical properties can be achieved with careful selection of power levels and spectra.
Recent aspects on modification of some polyesteramides for surface coatings
Authors: Sabbah I.A. , Moustafa M. , Abd El‐Hai F.
Published: February 2008

Rosin‐diethanolamin derivative is used partially or completely as the source of polyol for the formation of recently modified polyesteramid resins. Parameters affecting the reaction between abietic acid (the main constituent of rosin) and diethanolamine, in azeotropic solvent using Dean and Stark apparatus, are studied.
Oleochemical monographs (41)
Authors: Lower Edgar S.
Published: February 2008

A number of derivatives of vegetable and animal oils and fats are useable in the processing of rubbers, including fatty acids, fatty acid amides, amines, metallic soaps, and sulphur containing materials, etc.
Factors affecting critical concentration of a resin in solution
Authors: Raju K.V.S.N. , Yaseen M.
Published: February 2008

The objective of this presentation is to correlate the flow properties of a semi and concentrated solution of resin to its critical concentration. Viscosity of resin solution in various solvents was determined by using Haake rotovisco Searl type rotational viscometer. Values of zero shear viscosity, n0 and infinate shear viscosity, na were calculated by computing the viscosity data in Cross equation. Critical concentration, Ccrit of alkyd resin in individual solvents was derived from the plots of these parameters as function of concentration or weight fraction. The Ccrit values of the resin are found to be of higher order in good solvents and vice versa. There is no effect of shear thinning on critical concentration of the resin in a solvent. the dependence of these parameters on solvency power of solvents for the resin has been used for estimating solubility parameter of alkyd.
K‐White: Formulating for aqueous anticorrosive primers
Authors: Kropman MSc PhD M.
Published: February 2008

An accelerating trend in the development of aqueous paint has been taking place recently so much so that it has been predicted that at the end of the present decade 80% of all motorcar finishes will be water‐based. Anticorrosion primers are included in these forecasts and there is now available a range of primers based on a new generation of polymers with improved mechanical properties, low moisture vapour permeability, good UV resistance, adhesion and solvent resistance. Using water to protect steel from corrosion would appear to fly in the face of logic, but an ever‐increasing number of paint manufacturers are doing just this. It has been claimed that properly formulated waterborne primers offer performance equal or superior to conventional solvent‐based systems.
Fluoropolymer coatings
Authors: Khan A.K. , Saxena M.S. , Chandra S.
Published: February 2008

The research of Swarts in Belgium in the early nineties underlines organic fluorine chemistry and the industry that has grown around it. Swarts and co‐workers studied the reaction of antimony trifluoride with chlorine‐containing hydrocarbons in great deals as a means of replacing chlorine with fluorine.
Hydantoin based epoxy resins
Authors: Jain R.K. , Chandra S.
Published: February 2008

During recent years, various hydantoin based heterocyclic glycidyl amine resins have been developed. In these resins the presence of nitrogen containing heterocycle provides extensive variation in polarity, viscosity and hydrophobicity by the choice of alkyl groups. Most of these resins have low viscosity, high polarity and long pot life ensuring easy wetting and good adhesion. These resins can provide useful properties for casting, fibrous reinforcement, adhesives and coatings. In the present work, two resins, 1‐glycidyl‐ 3‐glycidyloxymethyl‐5, 5‐dimethylhydantoin and 1‐glycidyl‐3‐(2‐glycidyloxybutyl)‐5, 5‐dimethylhydantoin have been prepared using 5, 5‐dimethylhydantoin as the starting raw material. The resins have also been characterised for their various physical and chemical properties.
Synthesis of light coloured polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylates
Authors: Naga Rupa Vani J. , Vijayalakshmi V. , Sitaramam B.S. , Krishnamurti N.
Published: February 2008

A simple and convenient method for the synthesis of light coloured polyethyleneglycol dimethacrylates is described. The effects of catalysts, solvents and inhibitors in its synthesis are also studied.
Maleopimaric acid based water thinnable coatings for anodic electrodeposition
Authors: Mishra U.S. , Shukla M.C.
Published: February 2008

This paper deals with the synthesis of water soluble electrodepositable epoxy resins from maleopimaric acid and epoxy resin. Water soluble methylated urea formaldehyde resin and melamine formaldehyde resin were also synthesised for curing purposes. The coating compositions were prepared from water soluble epoxy resins, water soluble MF resin, water soluble UF resin, red oxide of iron and zinc phosphate. Thereafter the optimum conditions for electrodeposition were determined in terms of voltage, time, solid contents, pH and bath temperature. These anodic electrocoatings had good film properties such as scratch hardness, flexibility, impact resistance and resistance to water, acid, alkali and solvent.
Effect of calcium carbonate filler on polyvinyl acetate emulsion as wood adhesive
Authors: Mohsen R.M.
Published: February 2008

Calcium carbonate was used as a filler for polyvinyl acetate emulsion for its application as wood adhesive. Different formulations with variable % of filler were prepared and the shear strength of the applied adhesive on wood was measured. It was concluded that after 24 hours the adhesives develop a reasonable strength. It was also recommended to use the filler in the range of 10–20% by weight of the total formulations to obtain an excellent shear strength. The formulation itself, the viscosity and the total solid content are all important factors and each play a certain role that affect the final adhesive strength.
Highly efficient anticorrosive water‐borne paints
Authors: El‐Sawy S.M. , Abdel Mohdy F.A. , Abd El‐Ghaffar M.A.
Published: February 2008

Some anticorrosive water‐borne paint formulations were prepared. These formulations based on zinc phosphate, zinc tetroxy chrornate and barium metaborate as inhibitive pigments with acrylate emulsions in absence and in presence of a water repellent type emulsion. The corrosion protective properties as well as the physico‐mechanical characteristics of painted films were studied and evaluated. Promising results were obtained which urge us to pay attention to the utilisation of these types of water‐borne paints from the point of view of econmy and safety.
Impregnation of electrcal machines with solventless resins
Authors: Paul Sharma C. , Vadera K.L. , Agarwal R.P.
Published: February 2008

In the past, solvents containing impregnation systems were in vogue, e.g. phenoloic‐alkyd, isophthalic polyester, silicone, etc. for electrical machines. The disadvantages of solvent borne impregnants are a higher dissipation factor (at elevated temperatures) and water absorption, etc., due to the presence of air voids formed during the curing process. The phenomenon has been controlled with the present day use of solvent/ess systems, e.g. polyester, polyesterimide, epoxy and silicone resins. Solvent/ess polyester resins are now indigenously available along with their additives such as: inhibitor, catalyst and reactive diluent, etc. Modern methods of impregnation for electrical machines in BHEL include: (a) Dip impregnation by rotational method (b) V P I process The methods include storing the catalysed resin in cool storage, warming for impregnation, and final impregnation under vacuum and pressure, and curing in an oven. A monitoring system has also been standardised for the impregnation resin to keep its viscosity and gelling time within the specified tolerances by the addition of an appropriate amount of inhibitor and reactive diluent. Proper monitoring keeps the tank life of the system indefinitely long and its properties within limits.
A newly developed polyvinyl acetate emulsion latex adhesive made by the semicontinuous process
Authors: Mohsen R.M. , Ramadan A.M. , Shaffei K.A. , Badran A.S.
Published: February 2008

A newly developed polyvinyl acetate (PVA) emulsion latex for adhesive has been prepared by the semicontinuous process using a newly developed octyl aldehyde sodium bisulphite‐potassium persulphate redox pair initiation system. In this work the amount of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a protective colloid has been changed and it was found that only a little amount of (PVA) together with the newly developed adduct could cause a stable latex with excellent mechanical properties for bonding wood which favours this redox system in large industrial applictions. Also monodisperse latex particles with low polydispersity index can be prepared by using 1% PVA coupled with the newly developed redox system. Finally the developed latex has been incorporated and the corresponding shear strength were measured.
Adhesives from homo and copoly phenols‐furfural epoxy resins
Authors: Motawie A.M. , Hassan E.H. , Kamel M.M.
Published: February 2008

Egyptian cotton straw powder was acid hydrolized in presence of coal tar phenols fraction (b.r. 170–185°C) to give the phenols‐furfural resin. Homopolyepoxy resin was prepared via condensation of epichlorohydrin with phenols‐furfural resin. Similarly copolyepoxy resin was also prepared from epichlorohyhdrin, phenols‐furfural resin and prepared bisphenol A based on coal tar phenols fraction. A study of curing these epoxy resins at 170–185°C with phthalic or maleic anhydride also curing at room temperature with amine was carried out. Also the effect of the addition of kaolin as a filler was investigated to find the optimum condition which allow the cured resin to act as wood adhesive. The obtained results were comparable with those of some commercial adhesives.
Technology for Today's Environment
Authors: Webber D.F.
Published: February 2008

Kemira Coatings is a leading UK manufacturer of industrial coatings and polymers, making a major contribution to the protection of the environment with its dedication to producing materials which meet both the demands of its customers and those of the environment.
Synthesis and Film‐forming Properties of Chlorinated Polystyrene
Authors: Bhandari S. , Chandra S.
Published: February 2008

A large number of resins and polymers are used as film formers. These have been undergoing modifications to meet the growing demand. One of the modifications involves chlorination and products like chlorinated rubber, chlorinated biphenyls, chlorinated paraffins, chlorinated poly(vinyl chloride), chlorinated polyethylene, chlorinated polypropylene and chlorinated polyether are the result. Besides these well‐established chlorinated products, chlorinated drying and semi‐drying alkyds, chlorinated epoxy esters and chlorinated acrylic polymers have also been studied.
Reactive Perfluoroheptyl Methacrylate‐Acrylamide Copolymers
Authors: Abdel‐Mohdy F.A. , Waly A. , Higazy A. , Hebeish A.
Published: February 2008

Perfluoroheptyl methacrylate was copolymerized with acrylamide using different ratios of these monomers. The copolymers so obtained were methylolated with formaldehyde. The methylolated copolymers were used as multi‐purpose finishing agents for cotton. They impart oil and water repellence. Attachment of the methylolated copolymer to cotton is presumed to involve chemical bonds via reaction of the methylol groups of the copolymer and the hydroxy groups of cotton cellulose. This was evidenced by the wash‐fastness properties; no significant differences were noted in the oil/water repellence of cotton fabric treated with the copolymers in question.
K‐White
Authors: Taketani Yukihiko
Published: February 2008

Performance tests were carried out on the anti‐corrosion ability of K‐White, K‐White/zinc phosphate mixtures and modified zinc phosphate on the same cost basis. The results of salt spray tests and humidity tests in a medium oil alkyd primer system have shown that K‐White was much more efficient and cost‐effective even at its lower loading levels, compared with the other pigments.
Making Alkyd Emulsion Paints
Authors: Hofland A.
Published: February 2008

Without doubt paint is a very complex system. After all, the two components responsible for the main properties are, by definition, incompatible. Pigment, hard, often highly polar, just does not mix spontaneously with the soft, highly non‐polar binder. To overcome this problem, grinding procedures have been developed. It is difficult to imagine an even more complex system than solvent‐borne paints, yet there is: water‐borne paints. In water‐borne paints not only are the non‐miscible components binder and pigment combined, but also both are suspended in a medium which neither likes: water.
Some water‐borne adhesives based on styrene butyl acrylate copolymer latices
Authors: Mohsen R.M. , Nasr H.E. , Badran A.S.
Published: February 2008

Emulsion adhesives can be subdivided on the basis of chemistry to acrylics, styrene‐butadiene latices, styrene‐butadiene/natural rubber blends, vinyl acetate copolymers and natural rubber latices. Acrylics have the advantages of being easily modified by changing the type and amount of polar comonomers. They have excellent ageing characteristics.
Heterocyclic dye synthesis
Authors: Abdel‐Hafiz S.A. , El‐Kholy Y.M.
Published: February 2008

The notable dyeing performance and characteristics of polyfunctional heterocyclic azo dyestuff promoted us to design a programme specifically aiming to investigate efficient synthesis of several new isoxazole azo dyes. In the present work we investigate the dyeing performance of the newly synthesized isoxazole azo dyes.
Reduction of solvents in adhesives
Authors: Cook Mike
Published: February 2008

Examines adhesives and in particular how water‐based hot melt and liquid‐reactive are proposed as viable alternatives to solvent‐based types, quite apart from the health and safety and environmental legislation involved.
Acrylic water‐based BOPP packaging tapes
Authors: Pedalà Giuseppe
Published: February 2008

Investigates the European packaging tapes market and how it differs from the rest of the world — particularly North America where bi‐oriented polypropylene (BOPP) is the primary filmic face‐stock for carton sealing tapes, whereas in Europe rigid PVC is still quite significant.
Calcium stearate in resins and resinous polymers: part 1
Authors: Lower Edgar S.
Published: February 2008

Calcium stearate has many uses, including that of a flatting agent in paint, a lubricant, plasticizer and leveller for paper coatings, suspending agent in plastic and other mouldings, a tableting agent, a water repellant, and a cosmetic component, etc. Gives a complete breakdown and analysis of calcium stearate with a useful Appendix of journal and patent specification.
Modified barium metaborate pigment as a paper filler
Authors: El‐Saied Houssni , El‐Sawy Snaa M. , Basta Altaf H.
Published: February 2008

Reports on tests in which barium metaborate pigment and its modified form are prepared, identified by chemical and X‐ray diffraction methods, and specified according to standard methods. Evaluates the modified barium metaborate as a new filler for paper making by carrying out two series of experiments. Details the results which showed that the efficiency of the filler retention when using modified barium metaborate was higher than that of the other two conventional fillers. Reveals that at relatively low filler addition (2–5 percentage weight), higher improvement in the strength properties can be obtained when using the modified pigment instead of titanium dioxide and kaolin, but observes the reverse (i.e. a detrimental effect) at relatively high filler addition (8–10 percentage weight). Discovers that the optical properties of the modified pigment‐loaded sheets lie between those of titanium dioxide and kaolin. Shows that blending barium metaborate with kaolin or titanium dioxide has a significant effect on strength properties rather than optical properties. Concludes that modified barium metaborate pigment can be successfully used in paper filling applications and that modified barium metaborate pigment‐kaolin blend (80/20 per cent) can be used instead of titanium dioxide as a paper filler.
Fluorescent paints and pigments
Authors: Lower Edgar S.
Published: February 2008

Summarizes the definitions of colour, fluorescence, daylight fluorescence and daylight fluorescent pigments. Provides the starting formulation for the most common applications of daylight fluorescent paint along with advice, recommendations and sources of supply.
New trends in OEM and refinish automotive coatings
Authors: Huybrechts Jos
Published: February 2008

Presents the view that higher solids clearcoats (more than 60 per cent solids) appear to be an attractive way for original equipment manufacture and refinish to meet European legislations as of 1998. New inventions in the area of low MW oligomers, alternative crosslinking mechanisms and rheology control agents appear to be capable of meeting the automotive and refinish performance levels. New developments in the area of surfactant free copolymerization open a new horizon to formulate waterborne clearcoats with excellent properties and appearance.
The combined plasma‐cleansing facility
Authors: Ries Wilf
Published: February 2008

Describes how, with plasma cleansing, metal and plastic components can be prepared thoroughly, to the highest standards, for paint application and other surface treatment, vulcanization or bonding. Where components are first pre‐cleaned, using water or a cold cleansing agent, then subjected to plasma treatment, there are major dividends to be earned in environmental terms, but this process can also bring about quite startling improvements in the quality of the end product.
The need for change in the coatings industry
Authors: McLauchlan W.M.
Published: February 2008

Highlights Health and Safety with regard to the paint and coatings industry, recent legislation has been designed to put pressure on paint manufacturers to preserve the ecology, protect the environment and increase health and safety at work. Outlines the major guidelines introduced by the Environmental Protection Act 1990, the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health Regulations and the Construction (Design & Management) Regulations to help paint manufacturers to rise to the challenge of manufacturing products that are safer, both to the user and to the environment and which at the same time complement industry initiatives.
The use of biocides and fungicides in wood coatings and preservatives
Authors: Gillatt John
Published: February 2008

The distinctive trend in the quest for environmentally‐friendly wood preservatives and coatings towards water‐based formulations represents a challenge to the manufacturer and the raw material supplier alike to ensure that they offer the in‐use performance equivalent to that of solvent‐borne formulations. Explains that, in addition to the common need for fungicidal and algicidal protection of the dry film, the requirements for biocidal protection of water‐borne products are different from those of solvent‐based formulations in one key respect, the need for in‐can or wet‐state protection. Details the effects that micro‐organisms can produce in and on inadequately protected coatings and the physical and biological measures that can be undertaken to remedy and prevent such effects. Compares the necessary properties of biocides for wet‐state and dry‐film protection, and gives an appraisal of several biocide types.
The development of wood‐stain techniques and the question of pigments versus dyes
Authors: Slawson Derek
Published: February 2008

Discusses the develpment of wood‐stain techniques. Briefly charts the historical development of wood‐stain techniques and pigments and considers their disadvantages.
Coating thickness measurement of organic coatings
Authors: Scruby Ray
Published: February 2008

For some years now the dominant techniques for coating thickness have been based on electronic instrumentation. As such they have been subject to the same rigid progress which has been seen in the electronics industry. Components have become smaller and more complex and the microprocessor is pushing into more and more areas of control and measurement. Development of the various techniques has increased the range of coating‐substrate combinations that are measurable and improvements to stability have extended the measurement range. Statistical evaluation of results has been added to all but the simplest instruments. Describes the principal instrument types and in conclusion sees their intelligent use and the implementation of statistical process control as making the life of the organic finisher easier and more profitable.
A change of style
Authors: Marlow Hugh
Published: February 2008

Technical improvements involve changes in the style of management. At least, that's the idea even though it does not always work out in practice. Hugh Marlow suggests ways of transforming the theory into reality.
Treading the tightrope
Authors: Adamson Colin
Published: February 2008

The very use of the phrase ‘Academic Freedom’ is invidious. Freedom is a concept which most of us can understand; our interpretation does however differ from place to place, and certainly there are ample grounds for disagreement between a citizen of, say, the Soviet Union, one from a poor and embattled country such as Egypt, and someone from the West. It is something we all want, which some have usurped, which some have struggled and suffered for, and about which we all seem to differ. The reasons for this are not hard to discern, although difficult to rectify; one man's freedom is another's servitude. The expression ‘Academic Freedom’ seems to imply that there might be some special sorts of freedom which are peculiarly appropriate to the academic environment. There might even be a suggestion that there should be some freedom enjoyed by the academic fraternity which is not enjoyed by everyone else; possibly there is also a latent notion that academic freedom in the polytechnics is a further special category.
Corrosion Prevention in the BOTTLING INDUSTRY
Authors: Johnson L.A.
Published: February 2008

The essential factor causing corrosion in a bottling store is the presence of water and frequently the high humidity in the atmosphere. Other conditions such as the presence of dissimilar metals and the action of detergents on paint coatings should also be borne in mind. One of the causes of trouble most frequently met with is that the builder, or the manufacturers of plant, design what they have to offer, neglecting to think adequately in terms of corrosion prevention and of the operating conditions under which any buildings or plant may eventually work.
FLAME SPRAYING OF METALS
Authors: Cunningham D.E.J.
Published: February 2008

Of the three available metal‐spraying techniques, only the powder and wire processes need be considered as practicable methods for combating corrosion. The third technique using molten metal requires elaborate equipment and is now only important as a means of producing metal powders. A metallising pistol is a device for passing metal in the form of powder or wire through the centre of an oxy/fuel gas flame, where it is melted, picked up by a stream of air at high velocity and propelled on to a suitably prepared surface to form a coating. The powder and wire guns produced by the Schori division of F.W. Berk & Co. represent a fair selection of the equipment used in the metal‐spraying process.
‘Serseal’ — Development in FUME PREVENTION
Authors: Shaw R.E.
Published: February 2008

Many chemical treatments for metals give rise to the evolution of steam and spray which cause a serious loss of chemicals and heat, damage to neighbouring steelwork, condensation problems and bad working conditions. Sometimes a tolerable working atmosphere can only be obtained by the use of exhaust ducts and fans which are expensive to install and often troublesome to maintain in good order. The following exclusive article describes a new process for the elimination of these fumes.
Protective Pretreatments and Paints in the MOTOR INDUSTRY
Authors: Dewar McLintock J.
Published: February 2008

In the motor industry, the fight against corrosion is an affair of about 70 years standing, but it is only in the past decade that real progress has been made, hastened by the necessity to provide adequate protection for lighter and less solid, though equally rigid constructions of body and/or chassis. There are many aspects of corrosion protection, but that of the preparation for, and application of, paint coatings is at present the most important. At some future time, the development and use of precoated materials may become equally or more important, but for the time being no slackening in the extension and improvement of paint technology can be afforded.
Reference books in print
Authors: Schultheiss Tom
Published: February 2008

The following classified, descriptive list of titles is intended to provide reference librarians with a current checklist of new reference books, and is designed to supplement the RSR review column, “Recent Reference Books,” by Frances Neel Cheney. “Reference Books in Print” includes all additional books received prior to the inclusion deadline established for this issue. Appearance in this column does not preclude a later review in RSR. Publishers are urged to send a copy of all new reference books directly to RSR as soon as published, for immediate listing in “Reference Books in Print.” The prevailing policy of including all reference books received has temporarily allowed the listing of titles with imprints older than two years; with increased receipt of more current titles from a longer list of publishers, this policy will soon be discontinued (with the exception of older books newly acquired for distribution by another publisher). An additional copy of any title specifically requested by Mrs. Cheney should be sent to her for review. A decision to review titles appearing in the present column will then be made by Mrs. Cheney at her own discretion.
Reference book reviewing
Authors: Shores Louis
Published: February 2008

Before January 1938, no major journal in any of the three disciplines most concerned—English, Education, Library—had a department regularly devoted to Reference Book Review. Only those of us dedicated to the practice and teaching of Reference can experience the exhilaration of having, at last, not only a department, but an entire journal committed to Reference Book Reviewing, as is RSR. This editorial begins with a salute to the founders of Reference Services Review, continues with a condensed chronicle of a four‐decade crusade for the recognition of a Literature of Reference; and concludes with a statement on the art and science of Reference Literary Criticism today.
Recent reference books
Authors: Neel Cheney Frances
Published: February 2008

Communications regarding this column should be addressed to Mrs. Cheney, Peabody Library School, Nashville, Tenn. 37203. Mrs. Cheney does not sell the books listed here. They are available through normal trade sources. Mrs. Cheney, being a member of the editorial board of Pierian Press, will not review Pierian Press reference books in this column. Descriptions of Pierian Press reference books will be included elsewhere in this publication.