bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficiency of Different Agitation Methods for Removal of Calcium Hydroxide Intracanal Medicament Mixed with Two Different Vehicles from Canals of Mandibular Premolars: A Volumetric Analysis using Cone-beam Computed Tomography
Authors: Gautam Tiwari , Renu Aggarwal , Jindal Neetu , Arshdeep Gill , Monika Choudhary
Published: September 2024

Introduction:

The purpose of this research was to use cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to examine the efficacy of hand and rotary files, manual dynamic agitation, and inactive ultrasonic actions in removing Ca(OH)2 from root canal surface when used in conjunction with two distinct vehicles.

Materials and Methods:

Using the ProTaper Gold file system, the root canals of 100 mandibular premolars were cleaned and shaped up to file F2, and then filled with either Ca(OH)2 + saline or Ca(OH)2+ camporated monochloro-phenols. After 7 days of incubation, CBCT was used to do a prevolume analysis. Several forms of agitation were used to successfully remove calcium hydroxide (K- and H-file, ProTaper Gold rotary file, passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI), and manual dynamic agitation). CBCT was used to reevaluate the volumes after the fact, & the percentage of change was determined the Post Hoc Tukey test, One-way ANOVA, & the Dunn test were utilized to analyse the data statistically.

Results:

Saline-based Ca (OH) 2 was little simple to be separate than camporated monochloro-phenols (CMCP)- based group. When the agitation systems were compared, H-file in both the groups removed more calcium hydroxide from root canals than other systems (P < 0.01).

Conclusion:

The H-file system and PUI were more effective than the K-file, rotary, and manual dynamic agitation methods in eliminating calcium hydroxide from root canals. However, the saline-based calcium hydroxide was easier to be removed than camphoro monochlorophosphate.
C-Reactive Protein Levels
Authors: Mouneshkumar CD , Deepa  , Gulati Saakshi , Jha Abhinav , Khangembam Monica , Gupta Shivangi , Gupta Parkhi
Published: September 2024

Background:

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a nonglycosylated pentameric polypeptide comprising 206 amino acid residues. CRP causes activation of the classical complement pathway by binding to various autologous and extrinsic ligands exposed on membranes of injured, necrotic, or cells undergoing apoptosis. There is evolving evidence which strongly suggests that CRP is an inflammatory marker and is significantly elevated in patients diagnosed with tumors such as hepatocellular, pulmonary, and breast carcinomas. In addition, serum CRP level has been shown to be associated with size of tumor (T), clinic-pathological characteristics, and metastasis to lymph nodes.

Aim:

The aim of this study was to compare serum CRP levels in potentially malignant disorders and oral malignancies.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional prospective study was designed to study serum CRP levels in patients with oral potentially malignant disorders (leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis), patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and normal controls. Study participants were divided into four groups: (1) Group I comprising 40 patients with leukoplakia, (2) Group II comprising 40 patients with oral submucous fibrosis, (3) Group III comprising 40 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma, and (4) Group IV comprising 40 controls. Five milliliters of venous blood was collected after venipuncture from the antecubital vein followed by centrifugation, and serum was separated. This separated serum was analyzed for CRP levels using SPINREACT kit and semi-automated biochemical analyzer (Kyoto, Japan). All obtained data were entered into Microsoft Excel Worksheet 2007, and tabulations were performed using SPSS 16 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software (IBM Corporation, Chicago, IL, USA). P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results:

Mean ± standard deviation values derived were 5.5 ± 4.8 mg/dl (Group I), 6.1 ± 4.9 mg/dl (Group II), 10.5 ± 2.4 mg/dl (Group III), and 2.1 ± 1.6 mg/dl (Group IV), respectively. On applying one-way analysis of variance for comparison of three groups, P < 0.003 was obtained. The results implied that an extremely significant statistical correlation existed between all studied groups when serum CRP levels were compared.

Conclusion:

Serum CRP levels are prognostic markers in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral malignancies.
An Overview of Nanotechnological Advances in Orthodontics
Authors: Nanda Madhurima , Bagga Dinesh Kumar , Agrawal Poonam , Tiwari Sakshi , Singh Aartika , Shahi Prashant Kumar
Published: September 2024

Nanotechnology is the field of science dealing with the manipulation of the matter at the nanoscale level. The science of nanotechnology has emerged as a promising concept in all fields of medicine including dentistry and its scope is increasing everyday. It has also gained relevance in the field of orthodontics owing to its wide range of applications ranging from nanocoatings in archwires and brackets, orthodontic bonding, antimicrobial properties, atomic force microscopy to some future applications such as shape memory polymers, mandibular growth stimulation with gene therapy, acceleration of orthodontic movement, and use as biomechanical sensors. The enormous range of application of nanotechnology in orthodontics demands an intensive research into its current and future usages. This article aims to review and discuss the various applications and its potential usage in orthodontics.
Periodontal Manifestations as Related to the Cytokines in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid
Authors: Pandit Nymphea , Bhavsar Neeta
Published: September 2024

Backround:

Periodontal diseases are classified into different categories based on the clinical symptoms and related to these there can be changes in the cytokine levels in the connective tissue and elaboration of these in the gingival crevicular fluid. (GCF).

Aims and objectives:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the levels of IL-11 and IL-17 in the gingival crevicular fluid of patients with Aggressive Periodontitis and Chronic Periodontitis and co-relate them with the clinical parameters.

Materials and Methods:

GCF was collected from the deepest sites of the periodontitis patients and ELIS A was used to determine the levels of IL-11 and IL-17 levels.

Results:

GCF of patients in each category was assayed and the levels of IL-11 and IL-17 were co-related with clinical symptoms. Conclusion: Study showed strong co-relation of Aggressive and Chronic Periodontitis with IL-11 and IL-17.
An Esthetic Approach for Premature Missing Maxillary Primary Anterior Teeth
Authors: Anand Siddharth , Singh Aparna , Jyoti Divya , Sulekha  , Seal Bidyut
Published: September 2024

The aesthetic rehabilitation of a young toddler who are suffering from multiple tooth loss due to early childhood caries or extensive dental trauma is one of the challenging tasks for the Paediatric dentist in his/her day to day practise. Due to the loss of primary anterior teeth at an early age, loss of esthetic, masticatory efficiency, and mispronunciation of labiodentals sounds and development of abnormal oral habits are developed. Parent's desire plays one of the most major roles for an anterior esthetic appliance for their wards. This case report discusses and elaborates in detail one of the type of fixed anterior esthetic appliance and the considerations to be made while making treatment plan for when and why to place them.
Temporary Implants and Particulate Dentin Graft Protecting Traditional Implants in Severe Periodontal Patient
Authors: Calvo-Guirado José Luis
Published: September 2024

Provisional implants (PIs) can offer a total contribution to a patient's esthetic comfort and chew during the integration of standard implants. Although temporary implants are not intended for osseointegration and have to withdraw at there or 4 months, most of them begin to move during this process, and most of them had extracted before standard implants integration. Resin fixed prosthesis attached to temporary implant abutments gives the patient stability, gives esthetics, and gives protection to traditional implants, compared to removable prostheses, which more quickly leads to the loosening and loss of these temporary implants. Temporary implants could be used with cemented or screwed resin prosthesis or with titanium framework, depending on the patient's bite, bruxism, or clenching. All PIs are made in one piece, titanium grade 5, with V threads and a Bioetched surface (rough surface) to increase the insertion torque and bone to implant contact in soft and hard bone. Temporary upper fixed denture, relined with resin, is the easiest solution for protecting and reducing the risk of failure of some of the standard implants. The possible solution in such cases is the use of temporary implants as support for the fixed structure, acting as protection of traditional implants and bone grafts. Our clinical case was made with six temporary implants TR® 2.7 mm diameter by 13 mm length, grinding extracted teeth using smart dentin grinder, and fixed temporary denture for 3 months. At 4 months, a complete zirconium denture was screwed in standard implants.
Faculty Members' Perception of the Challenges and Prospects of Online Learning in Dental Institutes in India during the COVID-19 Pandemic Scenario
Authors: Samra Rupandeep Kaur , Nirola Ashutosh , Verma Anupama , Nagpal Archana , Malik Gauri , Singh Thind Gurinder Bir
Published: September 2024

Aim:

The aim of this study was to determine the impact and challenges of emergency remote teaching faced by the dental faculty during the first and the second wave of COVID-19 in India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire study was carried out consisting of two surveys. Data for the first questionnaire was recruited from 135 faculty members engaged in online teaching and comprised details about sociodemographic, designation, teaching experience, online teaching practices, perceptions, and challenges faced by the faculty members during online teaching during the first wave of COVID-19 pandemic in India. Categorical variables were reported as counts and percentages. Group comparisons were made with the Chi-square test. The same participants were given the second questionnaire to access their efficacy in overcoming the challenges faced by them during the second wave.

Results:

54.8% of the participants were female. 46.7% of respondents were Professors by designation. Variation was evident for the personal, technical, financial barriers and challenges caused by students' attitude with designation as a variable. 67.4% of the participants devoted extra time to prepare their lectures. 62.2% of the faculty faced network issues. 53.3% of the faculty reported increased expenditure on data. Maximum challenges were seen in the category based on students' attitude which deteriorated the quality of the lectures. 74.1% of the teachers agreed that online teaching was better for theoretical learning. There was not much difference observed in the response regarding personal barriers among faculty members with gender as a variable in the first wave, but notable differences were seen for technical barriers, especially lack of formal training. During second-wave study, Internet connectivity still remained a barrier.

Conclusion:

Challenges faced by the faculty members regarding online learning decreased in the second wave as compared to the first wave, but network connectivity and students' attitude remained an issue. Scope of theoretical online teaching was perceived to be better as compared to practical teaching.
Menorrhagia in inherited bleeding disorders in Iraqi women
Authors: Yaseen Yusra Ghiath , Hmeed Elaf Zuhair , Al Rahal Nidal Karim , Mtashar Baan Abdulatif
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND:

Menorrhagia, or excessive menstrual bleeding, is a common symptom in women with inherited bleeding disorders; they are conditions where the blood ability to clot is impaired. Some of the common bleeding disorders include von Willebrand disease (VWD), clotting factor deficiencies, and platelet function disorders.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess different types of inherited bleeding disorders in women with menorrhagia referred to the National Center of Hematology/Mustansiriyah University in Baghdad/Iraq.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

A prospective study was carried out on 193 women who had experienced menorrhagia for a duration of 3 years, from 2020 to 2023. These women sought consultation at the National Centre of Hematology/Mustansiriyah University. All participants were diagnosed through various laboratory tests, including complete blood count, blood film, blood group and Rh, bleeding time, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen level, factor assay, von Willebrand factor antigen using ELISA technique, ristocetin cofactor, and platelet function test.

RESULTS:

Out of the 193 women with menorrhagia who participated in this study, the majority of whom had an unidentified cause (36.3%), followed by VWD (30.1%) and platelet function disorders (21.2%). Other bleeding disorders ( thrombocytopenia and factors deficiencies) were 5.7% and 6.7%, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that there was a significant difference in family history and consanguinity between patients with a hereditary bleeding disorder and nonhereditary bleeding disorder (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS:

Fifty eight percent of females with Menorrhagia in this study have inherited bleeding disorders(IBDs), VWD, and thrombasthenia account for 51.3% are the most common causes of inherit bleeding disorder (IBD). Consanguineous marriage should be discouraged in Iraqi society to reduce such inherited diseases.
Native Valve Endocarditis Caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum in a Patient of Carcinoma Breast
Authors: Vaidya Viplov Vinod , Wategaonkar Ravikumar Narayan , Yadav Tushar , Sethi Rajiv Bundashah , Chouta Samith Srinivas , Chandrakar Sagar , Kumbhar Nitin Shivaji
Published: September 2024

We report an unusual case of native mitral valve endocarditis in a patient with carcinoma breast in remission. She presented with intermittent fever for 4 weeks. The patient had a chemo port in situ. Blood cultures flagged positive on the 3rd day of incubation. Staining revealed branching acid-fast bacilli, which were subsequently identified as Mycobacterium fortuitum using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The patient responded well to medical management alone. Only two such cases have been reported from India previously.
Lepromatous Leprosy in a Case of Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis – a Coincidence or a Result of Defective Cell-Mediated immunity?
Authors: Tripathy Durga Madhab , Neema Shekhar , Kinra Prateek , Sinha Preema
Published: September 2024

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis (EDV) is a rare, autosomal recessive, genetic disorder of immune dysregulation characterized by increased susceptibility to cutaneous human papilloma virus infections. It was first described by Lewandowsky and Lutz in 1922 as a form of epidermal nevus. Its association with skin cancers was proposed by Sullivan and Ellis in 1939. Initial lesions often occur in childhood and are of two types; lifelong eruptions of pityriasis versicolor like lesions and flat wart like papules. The latter is characterized by malignant transformation in 35%–50% of patients especially after 40–50 years of age. Bowen disease is the most common tumor followed by invasive squamous cell carcinoma, however, metastasis is rarely encountered.
Clinical, Histopathological, and Molecular Characterization of Leprosy in an Endemic Area of the Colombian Caribbean
Authors: Fragozo-Ramos Maria Carolina , Cano-Pérez Eder , Sierra-Merlano Rita Magola , Camacho-Chaljub Francisco , Gómez-Camargo Doris
Published: September 2024

Background:

Mycobacterium leprae was considered the only causal agent of leprosy until Mycobacterium lepromatosis was identified' which it has been suggested has greater pathogenicity and is linked to diffuse lepromatous leprosy (DLL) and Lucio's phenomenon (LPh). Our objective is to identify Mycobacterium spp. in an endemic area of leprosy in Colombia.

Methods:

The study included cases with a diagnosis of leprosy by clinical and histopathological analysis. DNA extraction and two specific rounds of semi-nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed in paraffin biopsies skin to identify M. leprae and M. lepromatosis. Demographic, clinical, and histopathological data were extracted and tabulated for analysis.

Results:

Forty-one cases of leprosy were analyzed. The most frequent clinical diagnosis was lepromatous leprosy (36.6%); there was one case with DLL and two with LPh. The most common histopathological finding was tuberculoid leprosy (36.59%); three cases had negative histopathology. M. lepromatosis was not detected; all cases corresponded to M. leprae including cases with negative histopathology' DLL, and LPh.

Conclusion:

In this study, M. leprae was the causative agent of leprosy, encompassing even its most severe phenotypic forms. It is appropriate to consider PCR as an indispensable tool for the diagnosis of leprosy and to continue to carry out the active search for M. lepromatosis.
Tubercular Lymphadenitis in the 21st Century
Authors: Gupta Akshita , Kunder Supriya , Hazra Druti , Shenoy Vishnu Prasad , Chawla Kiran
Published: September 2024

Background:

Tubercular lymphadenitis (TBLN) remains the most frequent manifestation for extrapulmonary TB despite advancements in diagnostics and management over the years. Our study intends to explore five-year trend of TBLN in a tertiary care centre from south India, and aims to study clinico-demographic and diagnostic factors in the management of TBLN.

Methods:

All the adult patients (≥18 years) diagnosed and confirmed for TB lymphadenitis between January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. Demographic factors, clinical manifestations, and different diagnostic approaches used in the management of TBLN were analysed using SPSS ver. 16.

Results:

A total of 164 patients with confirmed TBLN were included. Patients aged 18-45 years were the most affected (63.41%) with female dominancy. The most affected lymph nodes were cervical lymph nodes (84.1%) presenting with single palpable enlarged lymph node (80.5%). Majority (78.7%) of the lymph nodes were non-matted and 68.9% of enlarged lymph nodes were >3cm size. Excisional biopsy was performed for the majority of the patients 99 (60.4%) and 60.4% of the cases were managed with a combination of surgical excision and anti-tubercular treatment (ATT).

Conclusions:

The declining trend of TBLN observed in this study highlights the outcome of good public health policies; however, young females and high-risk groups like HIV infected or AIDS (affected more in the study) demand further attention. Overall, the advanced diagnostic tools along with surgical management and ATT can lead us to earlier diagnosis and successful treatment outcomes
Molecular identification of Malassezia from the skin scrapings of clinically suspected cases of pityriasis versicolor
Authors: Kiran Kanchankoti , Rudresh Shoorashetty Manohar , Raksha Yoganand , Ragunatha Shivanna , Jyoti Gupta , Shivaprakash Mandya Rudramurthy
Published: September 2024

Background:

Pityriasis versicolor (PV) is caused by a lipophilic fungus belonging to the genus Malassezia. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount is most frequently used for screening of cases and culture is the gold standard. KOH lacks sensitivity, and culture is time-consuming and technically demanding.

Aim, Settings, and Design:

A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching institution. We aimed to use multiplex-PCR for faster and accurate identification of Malassezia spp directly from skin scrapings of suspected cases of PV.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted on suspected cases of PV over a period of 12 months. The clinical and demographic details were recorded. The skin scrapings were subjected to KOH mount and cultured on Sabouraud’s dextrose agar with an olive oil overlay. Multiplex-PCR targeting 11 Malassezia spp was performed on DNA extracted from skin scrapings.

Results:

A total of 69 suspected cases of PV were studied. Most patients belonged to metro cities and worked in hot and humid climates. The mean duration of lesions was 18 months, and most had macular and patchy lesions. The sensitivity of KOH and culture was found to be 82.6% and 91.3%, respectively. M. globosa (n = 60, 87%) and M. restricta (n = 3, 4.3%) were isolated in culture. Multiplex PCR detected 85.5% of M. globosa, 5.8% of M. restricta, and 8.7% of mixed infection with M. globosa and M. restricta. M-PCR detected Malassezia in all the samples.

Conclusions:

M-PCR could identify Malassezia species directly from skin specimens, eliminating the need for culture. M-PCR was accurate, dependable, and exhibited a rapid turnaround time.
Crown root ratio and angulation of various permanent teeth in patients with and without cleft lip/palate
Authors: Patel Dolly , Sinha Surina , Rupareliya Prerna , Guha Diptesh
Published: September 2024

Aims and Objectives:

The purpose of this study was to analyze parameters of tooth in subjects with nonsyndromic cleft lip and palate (CLCP) and to compare the findings with the control groups. Teeth in the cleft-affected and nonaffected side in the same unilateral cleft lip and palate (ULCP) patient were also compared.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 200 subjects in the age group of 12–37 years who were divided into two groups: nonsyndromic CLCP and control group. The control group was further subdivided into skeletal Class I, II, and III subgroups based on ANB, AO-BO, and overjet, respectively. Crown height, root length, total tooth length, crown root ratio (C/R ratio), and tooth angulations of maxillary permanent central incisors, canines, 1st premolars, and 1st molar were measured on orthopantomograms using both ITK SNAP software and manual tracing.

Results:

Crown heights significantly increased while root lengths significantly decreased in the CLCP patients when compared to control groups. Total tooth lengths of central incisor, canine, and 1st premolar in CLCP patients were found to be decreased significantly. C/R ratios of all the teeth of nonsyndromic CLCP group irrespective of the cleft affected or nonaffected side was found to be increased as compared to the control groups. There was a significant difference seen in crown height, root length and mesiodistal tooth angulations in the cleft affected side when compared to the non affected side in a UCLCP patient’s dentition. However the total tooth length and the C/R ratio were not affected.

Conclusion:

Common findings of CLCP are aberrant teeth development, altered tooth morphology, and malformed teeth. The severity of cleft has an impact on the tooth development and morphology as it was observed that delayed root development and short roots, decreased total tooth length, increased C/R ratio and variations in teeth angulations in CLCP patients were affected by the presence and severity of cleft.
Cleft palate surgical perspectives: A pilot study
Authors: DeWitt Danielle , Nobriga Christina
Published: September 2024

Purpose:

The current pilot study aimed to collect craniofacial surgeon’s personal perspectives regarding the timing of cleft palate surgical repair, medical considerations for surgical repair (i.e., age, weight, type of cleft, and potential for surgical complications), and social considerations (i.e., speech–language development, socioeconomic status, and familial support).

Materials and Methods:

Fifteen plastic surgeons currently practicing cleft palate repair participated in this study. Surveys were distributed electronically to team coordinators of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association-accredited craniofacial teams and included a combination of Likert scales, closed multiple-choice questions, and open-ended qualitative questions for free-text responses.

Results:

Preliminary data obtained in this study suggest that the most common age range for palate repair in nonmedically complex infants is 10–11 months of age (n = 10). Notably, 20% of respondents (n = 3) reported a typical surgical repair time of 7–9 months of age. While medical and social priorities differed, all surgeons rated speech–language development as an important factor when determining the timing of surgical intervention.

Conclusion:

Given the limited consensus on surgical timing and intervention for children with cleft palate, further research is needed to determine the optimal timing of palate repair that considers both medical safety and near age-appropriate speech sound acquisition and production.
Work-Related Musculoskeletal Disorders Pain among Beauty Service Employees: An Observational Survey
Authors: Lodhi Kriti , Ahmad Gulfam , Sharma Jyoti , Sidiq Mohammad , Chahal Aksh
Published: September 2024

Abstract

Background and Purpose:

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) include a variety of inflammatory illnesses and injuries that cause musculoskeletal pain as a result of work. Beauty service workers, including beauticians, cosmetologists, hairdressers, and hairstylists, are more prone to musculoskeletal pain due to repetitive movements and poor ergonomics. This observational study was designed to better understand WMSDs in beauty service employees.

Materials and Methods:

Demographic data, including age, gender, and work experience, were collected, and the Nordic Pain Questionnaire (NPQ) was employed to record musculoskeletal pain, and the capacity to perform routine activities during the past 7 days and 12 months. These data were collected offline (door-to-door). Approximately, 400 questionnaires were administered, however, only 345 (86.25%) were fully completed. The data obtained from participants were analyzed using descriptive statistics and frequency distributions. Furthermore, the Chi-square test was utilized to investigate the relationship between demographic characteristics and musculoskeletal pain.

Results:

The results revealed that almost all of the beauty service workers experienced lower back stiffness that negatively impacted their job performance. Following low back pain, knee pain (76.5%), neck discomfort (70.1%), upper back pain (60.3%), shoulder pain (50.7%), and wrist pain (40.6%) were found to be the most prevalent. A significant correlation was found between musculoskeletal pain and age (χ2 = 204.643; P < 0.000), gender (χ2 = 9.417; P < 0.02), and work experience (χ2 = 38.333; P < 0.000). According to the NPQ, during the past 7 days, the most significant discomfort was reported in the elbows (χ2 = 259.133; P < 0.000), and ankles and feet (χ2 = 225.626; P < 0.000). Whereas, in the past 12 months, the most severe pain was reported in hips/thighs (χ2 = 222.403; P < 0.000) and ankles/feet (χ2 = 222.403; P < 0.000). Pain in the lower back was the most common reason reported by workers for the inability to carry out work-related activities during the previous 12 months.

Conclusion:

This study concludes that a large percentage of beauty service professionals are prone to WMSDs, which consequently has a significant impact on their ability to carry out their work. Low back pain, followed by knee pain, was the most prevalent WMSD among beauty professionals.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Vitamin D, Calcium and Phosphate Deficiency among Apparently Healthy Children Aged 6–24 Months in a Semi-urban Community in Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Grace Ajayi Fisayo , Olubunmi Adekoya Adesola , Adetutu Ogunlesi Tinuade , Kweku Renner James , Olubisi Abolurin Olufunmilola , Daniel Obaya Fisayo
Published: September 2024

Background:

Adequate levels of calcium, phosphate and Vitamin D are essential for bone physiology and growth, as well as preventing some common childhood illnesses. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of the deficiencies of these nutrients and factors affecting their serum levels in Nigerian children.

Methods:

This was a cross-sectional study that involved 220 apparently healthy children aged 6–24 months in Ikenne Local Government Area of Ogun State, Nigeria. Serum calcium and phosphate were assayed using the calorimetric method, while Vitamin D (25-OH Vitamin D) was assayed with ELISA.

Results:

The mean (±standard deviation [SD]) serum Vitamin D level was 55.07 ± 16.53 ng/ml, while the mean (±SD) serum calcium and phosphate were 2.27 ± 0.13 mmol/l and 1.28 ± 0.18 mmol/l, respectively. Eleven (5%) of the children had hypovitaminosis D, 23 (10.5%) had hypocalcaemia and 12 (5.5%) had hypophosphataemia. Factors found to be significantly associated with hypovitaminosis D included low consumption of milk and the use of a hijab veil, while malnutrition (both undernutrition and overnutrition) was significantly associated with hypocalcaemia.

Conclusion:

The prevalence levels of hypovitaminosis D and hypophosphataemia were low, while hypocalcaemia was more common. Low milk consumption and use of a hijab veil were risk factors for hypovitaminosis D, while malnutrition was a risk factor for hypocalcaemia. Malnourished children, especially overnourished ones, should be routinely screened for hypocalcaemia because of its high prevalence among them.
Exploring the Effect of Exercise versus Metformin on Insulin Resistance amongst Nigerians with Pre-diabetes: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Tambuwal Umar Musa , Ahmad Sabir Anas , Hayatu Umar , Sadiq Maiyaki Abubakar , Kolawale Jimoh Ahmed , Bello Sada Kabiru , Umar Abdullahi Faruk
Published: September 2024

Background:

Pre-diabetes is an important risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes and is common in Nigeria. Effective intervention can reverse the underlying pathogenesis of insulin resistance in pre-diabetes. This study aimed to determine and compare the impact of moderate exercise and metformin interventions on insulin resistance among participants with pre-diabetes.

Materials and Methods:

Using a randomised placebo-controlled design, 54 Nigerians with pre-diabetes were selected using simple random sampling. They were offered metformin, moderate exercise or placebo treatment and followed up for 12 weeks. Insulin resistance was assessed before and after the interventions and the outcome was compared.

Results:

Forty-nine participants with pre-diabetes completed the study. Participants in both the exercise and metformin groups had significantly decreased insulin resistance compared to placebo after 12 weeks of intervention. However, there was a decrease in insulin resistance by 77.3% (homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance [HOMA-IR]) and an increase in insulin sensitivity by 81.2% (quantitative insulin sensitivity check index [QUICKI]) in the exercise group. In comparison, participants in the metformin group had a decrease in insulin resistance by 66.3% (HOMA-IR) and an increase in insulin sensitivity by 76.2% (QUICKI).

Conclusion:

Amongst Nigerians with pre-diabetes, both moderate exercise and metformin have significantly higher efficacy than placebo in improving insulin resistance. However, moderate exercise improved insulin resistance more than the metformin intervention. Participants in this study need to be followed up for a longer period to assess the long-term effects of these interventions.
Comparison of the Ultrasonography Features of the Breast in Women with Fibroadenoma and Those with Other Breast Lumps
Authors: Okafor Ugochukwu Egbunike , Itanyi Ukamaka Dorothy , Garba Stephen Ekundayo , Yawe King-David Terna
Published: September 2024

Background:

Fibroadenoma (FA) is documented as the most common benign breast disease typically presenting as a lump. A wide variety of other diseases including breast cancer can similarly present as lumps hence the need for further differentiation. Ultrasonography plays a vital role in the evaluation and treatment of breast lumps with histological analysis as the gold standard.

Objective:

This study compared the physical and sonographic features of the breast in women with FA and women with breast lumps due to other diseases.

Materials and Methods:

This is a single-centre comparative study. Clinical and sonographic breast evaluations of the recruited patients with lumps were done and reported using the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System score. The lumps were biopsied, and histological diagnosis was documented. Clinical and imaging features of the breasts of women with FA were then compared with those of women with lumps from other breast diseases, and collated data were analysed using SPSS Statistical version 23.0.

Results:

Data from 118 subjects (59 in each group) were used for this study. There was a significant difference in the physical and sonographic appearance of FA concerning the patient’s age, parity, change in lesion size, perilesional architecture, echogenicity, borders, capsule and background breast density. No FA was found in women with less dense breasts.

Conclusion:

The sonographic features of breasts showed some differences from the corresponding features of FA and other breast lesions. This has the potential to increase the efficiency of pre-operative diagnosis of FA and could be further applied in developing diagnostic criteria for FA in our environment.
Standard-Setting Methods for Assessment in a Post-Graduate Medical College
Authors: Ekekezie Oyenike Oyeronke , Charles-Eromosele Titilope Oyinlola , Olatona Foluke Adenike , Aguwa Emmanuel Nwabueze
Published: September 2024

Context:

Standard-setting procedures assess candidates’ competence in an examination. Different standard-setting methods produce different pass scores, and no gold standard exists currently. The quality of the standard-setting process is critical in medical examinations where true competency needs to be determined for safe medical practice.

Aims:

This study assessed the standard-setting methods the college uses to determine the pass scores in the various parts of the fellowship examinations and compared these methods with the arbitrary 50% previously used.

Settings and Design:

A cross-sectional comparative study to assess the standard-setting methods adopted, which was applied to the September/October/November 2023 fellowship examinations.

Methods:

This was a total population survey involving the 16 faculties of the College. Secondary data from a compilation of approved results was used.

Data Analysis:

Descriptive and analytical statistics in Microsoft Excel program.

Results:

The methods for standard-setting adopted by the college were assessed, and their mean pass scores were analysed. The mean pass score for the primary multiple choice questions examinations was 46.7%, lower than the previously used arbitrary 50% mark, and this difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean pass scores for the other examinations were higher than the previously used arbitrary 50% mark, but these differences were not statistically significant (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

Implementation of the approved standard-setting methods can be improved with more training and retraining of faculties and examiners so that results that are consistent with their purpose, and that align well with other measures of competency can be produced.
The value of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-based radiomics in non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Chen Yu-Hung , Lue Kun-Han , Chu Sung-Chao , Lin Chih-Bin , Liu Shu-Hsin
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Currently, the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in the world is lung cancer, and 85% of cases are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). With growing knowledge of oncogene drivers and cancer immunology, several novel therapeutics have emerged to improve the prognostic outcomes of NSCLC. However, treatment outcomes remain diverse, and an accurate tool to achieve precision medicine is an unmet need. Radiomics, a method of extracting medical imaging features, is promising for precision medicine. Among all radiomic tools, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET)-based radiomics provides distinct information on glycolytic activity and heterogeneity. In this review, we collected relevant literature from PubMed and summarized the various applications of 18F-FDG PET-derived radiomics in improving the detection of metastasis, subtyping histopathologies, characterizing driver mutations, assessing treatment response, and evaluating survival outcomes of NSCLC. Furthermore, we reviewed the values of 18F-FDG PET-based deep learning. Finally, several challenges and caveats exist in the implementation of 18F-FDG PET-based radiomics for NSCLC. Implementing 18F-FDG PET-based radiomics in clinical practice is necessary to ensure reproducibility. Moreover, basic studies elucidating the underlying biological significance of 18F-FDG PET-based radiomics are lacking. Current inadequacies hamper immediate clinical adoption; however, radiomic studies are progressively addressing these issues. 18F-FDG PET-based radiomics remains an invaluable and indispensable aspect of precision medicine for NSCLC.
Evaluation of leukocyte depletion of packed red blood cells for the prevention of clinically observed transfusion reactions at a medical center in Eastern Taiwan
Authors: Su Kai-Yun , Huang Jing-Chun , Lin Jing-Yi , Chang Chun-Chun
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT

Objectives:

The incidence of febrile nonhemolytic transfusion reactions (FNHTRs) is correlated with the level of cytokines released by donor leukocytes in blood bags during storage, which is the most common transfusion reaction. The study aimed to reveal whether the use of leukocyte-poor red blood cells (LPRBCs) can reduce the incidence of transfusion reactions to promote patient safety.

Materials and Methods:

From January 2014 to June 2022, 158,122 blood transfusion reports were collected from a medical center in Eastern Taiwan. Data were categorized into three groups according to usage: prepromotion use of LPRBCs (January 2014–April 2016), promotion use of LPRBCs (May 2016 to February 2018), and full utilization of LPRBCs (March 2018 to June 2022). According to the American Association of Blood Bank Common Transfusion Reaction Reporting Form version 2.0 reporting system, FNHTRs were classified as moderate transfusion reactions. We used these data to analyze the association between LPRBC use and transfusion reaction rate.

Results:

At our hospital, the LPRBC usage rate from January 2014 to April 2016, May 2016 to February 2018, and March 2018 to June 2022 was 5.37%, 34.82%, and 56.45%, respectively. The total transfusion reaction rate from January 2014 to April 2016 was 1.66%, whereas the moderate reaction rate was 1.29%. The total transfusion and moderate reaction rates from May 2016 to February 2018 were 1.41% and 1.00%, whereas those from March 2018 to June 2022 were 0.95% and 0.63%, respectively. The total transfusion and moderate reaction rates from March 2018 to June 2022 decreased by 42.8% and 51.2%, respectively, compared with those from January 2014 to April 2016. We further compared the incidence of transfusion reactions caused by packed red blood cells (PRBC) and LPRBC products in different years. The results showed that between 2014 and 2022, the types of blood transfusion reaction caused using PRBC and LPRBC products are the mild transfusion reaction rate of 0.20%/0.20%, the moderate transfusion reaction rate of 1.61%/0.69%, the severe transfusion reaction rates 0.38%/0.16%, and the total transfusion reaction rates 2.19%/1.05%.

Conclusion:

Our study results indicate that both total transfusion and moderate reaction rates significantly decreased with increasing LPRBC usage rate. Based on our data analysis, LPRBC is more effective in reducing moderate and severe transfusion reactions than PRBC.
Health Awareness Exhibition Emphasizing Cancer Causes Improves Knowledge of the General Public: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rao Suresh , Shetty Rajesh , Gatty Nithesh , Prabhu Nagraj , Suresh Sucharitha , Baliga Manjeshwar Shrinath
Published: September 2024

Aim:

In India, science exhibitions are conducted to create awareness in the community and offer education about health using instructive materials and explanations by trained community workers. This study aimed to understand the usefulness of cancer exhibition in creating cancer awareness in the participants.

Materials and Methods:

This was a prospective pretest and posttest study and was performed with the general public who participated in a health awareness exhibition at Mangalore Institute of Oncology, Mangalore, Karnataka, India. The knowledge gained by the volunteers was ascertained by calculating the difference between the pretest and posttest using McNemar, chi-square, or Fisher Exact test. A probability value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results:

The results revealed that a total of 378 participated in the study. Pretest scores indicated most volunteers were aware of tobacco and alcohol in cancer, whereas the majority were unaware of the role of fruits and vegetables and sedentary life in enhancing the possibility of cancer development. The posttest showed a significant increase in knowledge gain (P = 0.003–<0.001).

Conclusions:

This study concludes that for the first time, this study shows that the exhibition can be useful in improving knowledge of cancer awareness among community members. When compared with other educational modes, the exhibition is a relatively inexpensive and easy way to educate the general public in the community.
Examples of chromatic redshift in algebraic $K$-theory
Authors: Yuan Allen
Published: September 2024

We give a simple argument to detect chromatic redshift in the algebraic

K

-theory of

\mathbb{E}_{\infty}

-ring spectra and give two applications: we show for

n\geq 1

that

K(E_{n})

, the algebraic

K

-theory of any height

n

Lubin–Tate theory, has nontrivial

T(n+1)

-localization, and that

K^{(n)}(k)

, the

n

-fold iterated algebraic

K

-theory of a field

k

of characteristic different from the implicit prime 

p

, has nontrivial

T(n)

-localization.
GAMBARAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN DAN INDEKS ERITROSIT SEBAGAI PENANDA ANEMIA PADA KARYAWAN PT. ANTAM DI KECAMATAN POMALAA KABUPATEN KOLAKA PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Balaka Kemal Idris , Umar Heni , Saadi Niar Jumiarti
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Anemia is a condition in which the hemoglobin (Hb) level in the blood is less than normal. Anemia is a nutritional problem that is widely found throughout the world that not only occurs in developing countries but also in developed countries Anemia is a condition with hemoglobin levels, hematocrit and red blood cells that are lower than normal values. Hemoglobin functions to deliver oxygen throughout the body and gives color to erythrocyte cells. In addition to hemoglobin the supporting parameters for knowing someone suffering from anemia is to look at the erythrocyte index. The purpose of this study was to determine the description of hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte index as an anemic marker in employees of PT. Antam in Pomalaa District, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. This type of is descriptive to determine the description of hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte index as a marker of anemia in employees of PT. Antam where the number of samples was 25 people with the hemotology analyzer method and purposive sampling technique. Based on the research results of research conducted on 25 samples of hemoglobin levels and erythrocyte index as markers of anemia in employees of PT. Antam in Pomalaa District, Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province, obtained normal hemoglonin and erythrocyte index (100%).
Keywords: Anemia, Hemoglobin, Erythrocyte Index, Employees PT. Antam
ABSTRAK
Anemia adalah suatu keadaan dimana kadar Hemoglobin (Hb) dalam darah kurang dari normal. Anemia merupakan masalah gizi yang banyak terdapat di seluruh dunia yang tidak hanya terjadi di negara berkembang tetapi juga di negara maju Anemia adalah keadaan dengan kadar hemoglobin, hematokrit dan sel darah merah yang lebih rendah dari nilai normal. Hemoglobin berfungsi mengantarkan oksigen keseluruh tubuh dan memberi warna pada sel eritrosit. Selain hemoglobin parameter penunjang untuk mengetahui seseorang menderita anemia adalah dengan melihat indeks eritrosit. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar hemoglobin dan indeks eritrosit sebagai penanda anemia pada karyawan PT.Antam di Kecamatan Pomalaa Kabupaten Kolaka Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Jenis penelitian adalah deskriptif untuk mengetahui gambaran kadar hemoglobin dan indeks eritrosit sebagai penanda  anemia pada karyawan PT. Antam dimana jumlah sampel sebanyak 25 orang dengan metode hemotology analyzer dan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling. Berdasarkan hasil penelitan yang telah dilakukan terhadap 25 sampel  kadar hemoglobin dan indeks eritrosit sebagai penanda anemia pada karyawan PT.Antam di Kecamatan Pomalaa Kabupaten Kolaka Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara diperoleh nilai kadar hemoglobin dan indeks eritrosit normal (100%).
Kata kunci: Anemia, Hemoglobin, Indeks Eritrosit, Karyawan PT. Antam
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK DAUN PATIWALA (Lantana camara L)TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175
Authors: Afdillah Nia , Fusvita Angriani , Febriyani Rani
Published: September 2024

ABSTRACT
Indonesia has high natural resources and biodiversity, consisting of a number of islands with 34 provinces that have a variety of ethnicities and cultures. Medicinal culture has been proliferating since ancient times which has been preserved from generation to generation. This traditional medicine can be used as a medicine and around 300 types have been utilized  for traditional medicinal ingredients.This study was to determine the patiwala leaf extract and its concertation in inhibiting the growth of Streptococcus Mutans bacteria. This research is a labolatory experimental research witch is a quqntitative study. This research method is to  explain the cause and  effect  between one variable and another variable. This research was conducted using 2 methods of the kruskallwallis test and the normality test with the help of the SPSS application. The result of the Kruskallwallis test and normality text with normal result with values (p>0,41) and (p<0,01). Patiwala leaf extract (Lantana camara L) has different abilities against the growth of Streptococcus Mutans bacteria.
Keywords : Patiwala Leaves, Lantana camara L, Inhibition
ABSTRAK
Indonesia   memiliki sumber daya alam   dan   keanekaragaman hayati   yang tinggi, terdiri dari jumlah pulau dengan  34  provinsi  yang memiliki beranekaragaman suku dan budaya. Budaya pengobatan sangat berkembang sejak dulu yang  sangat dilestarikan secara turun-temurun. Pengobatan tradisional ini dapat digunakan sebagai obat  dan  sekitar  300  jenis  yang sudah di manfaatkan untuk bahan obat tradisional. Penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ekstrak daun patiwala dan konsentrasi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus Mutans. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen laboratorium merupakan suatu penelitian kuantitatif. Metode penelitian ini yaitu menjelaskan sebab akibat bahwa antara satu variable  dengan varibel lainya.  Penelitian ini  di  lakukan dengan menggunakan  2 metode  uji  kruskall wallis  test  dan  uji  normalitas dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS. Hasil uji kruskall wallis test  dan uji  normalitas dengan hasil normal dengan nilai (p<0,41)   dan   (p<0,01).   Ekstrak daun patiwala   (Lantana   camara   L)   yang memiliki kemampuan yang brbeda-beda terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus mutans
Kata Kunci: Daun patiwala, Lantana camara L, Daya hambat