bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Les périodiques francophones dans le domaine information, communication et documentation. Une étude empirique
Authors: Prost Hélène , Schöpfel Joachim
Published: November 2012

Résumé Réalisée par Hélène Prost et Joachim Schöpfel, cette étude dresse un panorama de l’offre de périodiques francophones dans le domaine information, communication et documentation (ICD) de l’année 2010. L’image qui se dégage de cette analyse, basée sur un corpus de 106 titres, est contrastée. Le référencement des titres francophones renvoie l’image d’un domaine assez disparate, interdisciplinaire, transversal, dont les contours ne sont pas toujours clairs et sans réelle visibilité ni impact significatif sur la scène internationale, en dehors de la francophonie. La richesse des informations contenues dans le corpus permet cependant d’obtenir le reflet réaliste de l’état du domaine ICD, qui se confirme comme une discipline composite, au carrefour entre recherche et métier, et fruit d’échanges constants avec d’autres disciplines.
Un couple épatant : l'auteur de la Nouvelle Vague et le censeur du cinéma
Authors: Hervé Frédéric
Published: November 2012

Résumé Entre 1956 et 1966, les rapports entre la Nouvelle Vague cinématographique et la censure ont été hautement conflictuels. Or les auteurs de la Nouvelle Vague ont proposé des représentations du couple et de l’amour dont on veut définir et mesurer le caractère transgressif. Pour cela, on confronte ici le contenu d’une sélection de films au discours par lequel les censeurs ont justifié les restrictions imposées à ces œuvres. Cette analyse discursive et filmique est complétée par une évaluation statistique du phénomène. Il apparaît qu’un contentieux relatif aux nouvelles représentations de l’amour a bel est bien existé mais que l’antagonisme censeur – auteur doit néanmoins être relativisé.
Le continuum des représentations sexuelles dans le film « 10 » (1979) de Blake Edwards : du baiser amoureux au sexe explicite pour le plaisir
Authors: Lieutenant-Duval Verushka
Published: November 2012

Résumé L’étude de la représentation de la sexualité dans le film « 10 » (1979) de Blake Edwards fait apparaître un lien entre la présence et l’absence de l’amour romantique et la construction d’un sexe cinématographique plus ou moins vertueux. Nous voyons comment la sexualité à l’écran est organisée entre deux pôles qui opposent le « bon » sexe (celui qui se résume au baiser et où il y a présence d’amour) au « mauvais » sexe (celui qui est explicite et seulement pour le plaisir).
L'« exotisme de la proximité » : l'amour à l'épreuve du monde agricole et du couple
Authors: Béliard Anne-Sophie , Quemener Nelly
Published: November 2012

Résumé L’émission « L’amour est dans le pré » propose depuis six ans une plateforme de rencontre amoureuse pour des agriculteurs et agricultrices célibataires. Elle présente la spécificité d’entremêler des relations amoureuses à la mise en scène d’un monde jusqu’alors inexploité par la télé-réalité, le milieu agricole. Cette confrontation produit des effets de distanciation et de proximité, tant par rapport aux représentations de l’amour montrées qu’au milieu agricole, que nous proposons d’analyser.
Du romantisme à la relation pure ? Les amours des héroïnes de séries américaines depuis 1950
Authors: Morin Céline
Published: November 2012

Résumé Les séries télévisées américaines ont dès les années 1950 problématisé les articulations entre modèles amoureux et vagues d’émancipation des femmes. Cet article, centré sur les amours des héroïnes, propose un découpage en trois temps de l’histoire de ces séries, qui tend à montrer que si le romantisme continue de sous-tendre les pratiques, il se trouve confronté à la dissymétrie qu’il provoque entre hommes et femmes et perd du terrain face à la « relation pure », nouvel idéal relationnel. Les femmes au foyer des années 1950 sont soumises à l’insatisfaction de leur condition et laissent transparaître les premiers échecs de l’amour romantique, alors que, deux décennies plus tard, au milieu des années 1990, les working girls célibataires, égéries de l’après-féminisme, constituent l’amour en une menace à leur indépendance et à leur épanouissement. Enfin la récente vague de quadragénaires, veuves ou divorcées, tente de dépasser la contradiction entre indépendance et amour, en pratiquant réellement la « relation pure ».
Le corps sportif dans la presse illustrée pour la jeunesse. L'exemple de la série dessinée Jean-Jacques Ardent Athlète dans le journal Junior (1938-1939)
Authors: Laffage-Cosnier Sébastien , Vivier Christian , Loudcher Jean-François
Published: November 2012

Résumé En 1936, la Société Parisienne d’Édition lance le journal hebdomadaire de jeunesse Junior pour rivaliser avec l’arrivée des Comics. C’est dans ce contexte de bouleversement de l’édition des illustrés que Pellos (célèbre dessinateur de presse sportive) crée tous les épisodes de Jean-Jacques Ardent dans Junior de 1938 à 1939. Les aventures sportives de Jean-Jacques Ardent Athlète constituent un corpus de 58 planches de bandes dessinées à travers lesquelles le processus créatif du dessinateur consiste à convoquer des mythologies et à mettre en scène le corps athlétique du jeune Ardent idéalisé et façonné à « l’Ecole de la Vie » d’un « sport pur et loyal ». Le jeune lecteur est ainsi invité à devenir un homme par le sport. Plus encore, loin de prôner le retour à une tradition gymnique qu’il juge dépassée, Pellos, en ancien sportif, invite son lectorat à entrer dans l’univers le plus à même de fabriquer un homme idéal à travers une forme assez utopique du sport.
Le discours juridique en France et en Angleterre
Authors: Galonnier Bernard
Published: November 2012

Par certains aspects, le discours juridique semble ne pas connaître de frontières. En France comme en Angleterre, on constate le fréquent recours à un jargon spécifique ainsi que l’emploi d’un registre élevé. De plus, la langue du droit de ces deux pays tend à donner une acception spécifique à certains mots usuels. Enfin, la présence de termes français rappelle le rôle joué par la conquête normande dans l’élaboration du droit anglais. Toutefois, la spécificité du discours juridique en Angleterre est indéniable : la common law a non seulement élaboré des concepts qui lui sont propres mais elle exprime au moyen d’un discours personnalisé et prolixe et par l’intermédiaire d’une langue imagée l’approche pragmatique d’un système de droit fondé non point sur un code abstrait mais sur un raisonnement inductif. Ainsi, cette langue de spécialité est bien l’émanation de l’âme d’un pays et de ses particularismes culturels.
From argumentation to argument: Interaction in the conference hall
Authors: Webber Pauline
Published: November 2012

Chaque communauté de discours a son propre code de comportement communicatif. C'est seulement en étudiant attentivement comment fonctionne une langue dans le contexte de l'acte de parole que nous comprenons les nuances de la langue. Nous avons étudié un corpus d'enregistrements de conférences scientifiques sur des sujets semblables ayant eu lieu en anglais dans plusieurs parties du monde. Notre but était d'analyser les réalisations linguistiques de la rhétorique de persuasion, d'union et de division, surtout dans les séances des questions/réponses succédant aux discussions. Nous voyons que le langage, tout en respectant les normes de politesse et de la communauté scientifique, peut dégénérer d'argumentation en dispute quand des conflits sous-jacents préexistants sont révélés.
Systematic Design Principles for Cost-Effective Hard Constraint Management in Dynamic Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Munaga Satyakiran , Catthoor Francky
Published: November 2012

Modern cost-conscious dynamic systems incorporate knobs that allow run-time trade-offs between system metrics of interest. In these systems regular knob tuning to minimize costs while satisfying hard system constraints is an important aspect. Knob tuning is a combinatorial constrained nonlinear dynamic optimization problem with uncertainties and time-linkage. Hiding uncertainties under worst-case bounds, reacting after the fact, optimizing only the present, and applying static greedy heuristics are widely used problem simplification strategies to keep the design complexity and decision overhead low. Applying any of these will result in highly sub-optimal system realizations in the presence of nonlinearities. The more recently introduced System Scenarios methodology can only handle limited form of dynamics and nonlinearities. Existing predictive optimization approaches are far from optimal as they do not fully exploit the predictability of the system at hand. To bridge this gap, the authors propose the combined strategy of dynamic bounding and proactive system conditioning for the predicted likely future. This paper describes systematic principles to design low-overhead controllers for cost-effective hard constraint management. When applied to fine-grain performance scaling mode assignment problem in a video decoder design, proposed concepts resulted in more than 2x energy gains compared to state-of-the-art techniques.
A Recovery-Oriented Approach for Software Fault Diagnosis in Complex Critical Systems
Authors: Carrozza Gabriella , Natella Roberto
Published: November 2012

This paper proposes an approach to software faults diagnosis in complex fault tolerant systems, encompassing the phases of error detection, fault location, and system recovery. Errors are detected in the first phase, exploiting the operating system support. Faults are identified during the location phase, through a machine learning based approach. Then, the best recovery action is triggered once the fault is located. Feedback actions are also used during the location phase to improve detection quality over time. A real world application from the Air Traffic Control field has been used as case study for evaluating the proposed approach. Experimental results, achieved by means of fault injection, show that the diagnosis engine is able to diagnose faults with high accuracy and at a low overhead.
Abstract Fault Tolerance
Authors: Marcus Leo
Published: November 2012

This paper explores the concept of “pure fault tolerance”--when a system can fulfill its computational goal, even though some of its components do not fulfill theirs. This leads to a natural statement of the composition problem for a very general concept of architecture: to what extent are the properties of a system based on that architecture a function of the properties of the components? The author explores several variations on pure fault tolerance, none of which utilize fault detection or error correction.
IoT-IMS Communication Platform for Future Internet
Authors: Chen Chi-Yuan , Chao Han-Chieh , Wu Tin-Yu , Fan Chun-I , Chen Jiann-Liang , Chen Yuh-Shyan , Hsu Jenq-Muh
Published: November 2012

In recent years, Internet of Things (IoT) and Cloud Computing are the hottest issues of Future Internet. However, there is a lack of common fabric for integrating IoT and Cloud. In telecommunications, the IMS (IP Multimedia Subsystem), based on the All-IP and Open Services Architecture, has been regarded as the trend for Next Generation Network (NGN). The IMS communication platform is the most suitable fabric for integrating IoT and Cloud. This paper focuses on different aspects including Cloud Service Framework, Data Sensing and Communication Technology, Collaborative Authentication and Privacy Protection Mechanism, Operation, Administration, and Maintenance (OA&M), Mobility and Energy-Saving Management, and Application Services. This paper not only provides the discussion of open challenges, but also proposes a possible solution based on the above-mentioned aspects for Future Internet.
Run-Time Compositional Software Platform for Autonomous NXT Robots
Authors: Gui Ning , De Florio Vincenzo , Blondia Chris
Published: November 2012

Autonomous Robots normally perform tasks in unstructured environments, with little or no continuous human guidance. This calls for context-aware, self-adaptive software systems. This paper aims at providing a flexible adaptive middleware platform to seamlessly integrate multiple adaptation logics during the run-time. To support such an approach, a reconfigurable middleware system “ACCADA” was designed to provide compositional adaptation. During the run-time, context knowledge is used to select the most appropriate adaptation modules so as to compose an adaptive system best-matching the current exogenous and endogenous conditions. Together with a structure modeler, this allows robotic applications’ structure to be autonomously (re)-constructed and (re)-configured. This paper applies this model on a Lego NXT robot system. A remote NXT model is designed to wrap and expose native NXT devices into service components that can be managed during the run-time. A dynamic UI is implemented which can be changed and customized according to system conditions. Results show that the framework changes robot adaptation behavior during the run-time.
Timely Autonomic Adaptation of Publish/Subscribe Middleware in Dynamic Environments
Authors: Hoffert Joe , Gokhale Aniruddha , Schmidt Douglas C.
Published: November 2012

Quality-of-service enabled publish/subscribe (pub/sub) middleware provides powerful support for scalable data dissemination. It is difficult to maintain key quality of service properties (such as reliability and latency) in dynamic environments for distributed real-time and embedded systems (such as disaster relief operations or power grids). Managing quality of service manually is often not feasible in dynamic environments due to slow response times, the complexity of managing multiple interrelated quality of service settings, and the scale of the systems being managed. For certain domains, distributed real-time and embedded systems must be able to reflect on the conditions of their environment and adapt accordingly in a bounded amount of time. This paper describes an architecture of quality of service-enabled middleware and corresponding algorithms to support specified quality of service in dynamic environments.
Various Extensions for the Ambient OSGi Framework
Authors: Frénot Stéphane , Le Mouël Frédéric , Ponge Julien , Salagnac Guillaume
Published: November 2012

OSGi is a wrapper above the Java Virtual Machine that embraces two concepts: component approach and service-oriented programming. The component approach enables a Java run-time to host several concurrent applications, while the service-oriented programming paradigm allows the decomposition of applications into independent units that are dynamically bound at runtime. Combining component and service-oriented programming greatly simplifies the implementation of highly adaptive, constantly evolving applications. This, in turn, is an ideal match to the requirements and constraints of ambient intelligence computing, such as adaptation to changes associated with context evolution. OSGi particularly fits ambient requirements and constraints by absorbing and adapting to changes associated with context evolution. However, OSGi needs to be finely tuned in order to integrate ambient specific issues. This paper focuses on Zero-configuration architecture, Multi-provider framework, and Limited resource requirements. The authors studied many OSGi improvements that should be taken into account when building OSGi-based gateways. This paper summarizes the INRIA Amazones teamwork (http://amazones.gforge.inria.fr/) on extending OSGi specifications and implementations to cope with ambient concerns. This paper references three main concerns: management, isolation, and security.
COADA
Authors: Vu Long , Nahrstedt Klara , Malik Rahul , Wang Qiyan
Published: November 2012

This paper argues that Dynamic Coalition Peer-to-Peer (P2P) Network exists in numerous scenarios where mobile users cluster and form coalitions, and the relationship between sizes of coalitions and distances from mobile nodes to their Point of Interest (PoI) follows exponential distributions. The P2P coalition patterns of mobile users and their exponential distribution behavior can be utilized for efficient and adaptive content file download of cellular users. An adaptive protocol named COADA (COalition-aware Adaptive content DownloAd) is designed that (a) blends cellular and P2P (e.g., WiFi or Bluetooth) wireless interfaces, (b) leverages the clustering of people into P2P coalitions when moving towards PoI, and (c) utilizes exponential-coalition-size function of the Dynamic Coalition P2P Network to minimize the cellular download and meet content file download deadline. With COADA protocol, mobile nodes periodically sample the current P2P coalition size and predict the future coalition size using the exponential function. In order to decide how much file data is available in P2P coalition channels versus how much file data must be downloaded from the server over the cellular network, Online Codes techniques are used and tune cellular download timers to meet the file download deadline. The simulation results show that COADA achieves considerable performance improvements by downloading less file data from the cellular channel and more file data over the P2P coalition network while meeting the file download deadline.
ROCRSSI++
Authors: Frattini Flavio , Esposito Christian , Russo Stefano
Published: November 2012

Localization within a Wireless Sensor Network consists of defining the position of a given set of sensors by satisfying some non-functional requirements such as (1) efficient energy consumption, (2) low communication or computation overhead, (3) no, or limited, use of particular hardware components, (4) fast localization, (5) robustness, and (6) low localization error. Although there are several algorithms and techniques available in literature, localization is viewed as an open issue because none of the current solutions are able to jointly satisfy all the previous requirements. An algorithm called ROCRSSI appears to be a suitable solution; however, it is affected by several inefficiencies that limit its effectiveness in real case scenarios. This paper proposes a refined version of this algorithm, called ROCRSSI++, which resolves such inefficiencies using and storing information gathered by the sensors in a more efficient manner. Several experiments on actual devices have been performed. The results show a reduction of the localization error with respect to the original algorithm. This paper investigates energy consumption and localization time required by the proposed approach.
Load-Balanced Multiple Gateway Enabled Wireless Mesh Network for Applications in Emergency and Disaster Recovery
Authors: Iqbal Muddesar , Wang Xinheng , Zhang Hui
Published: November 2012

A gateway node in a WMN acts as bridge between mesh nodes and the external network in order to exchange information between the wireless mesh network operating in a disaster stricken area and remotely located rescue headquarters and government agencies. Using a single gateway, WMN creates huge congestion on the routes to the gateway, as all the data traffic may travel in the same direction using longer routes to access the gateway node, causing channel contention between nodes that operate within carrier sensing range of each other. Therefore a multiple gateway environment is crucial during WMN application in emergency and disaster recovery. This paper presents the design and implementation of a Load-Balanced Gateway Discovery routing protocol called LBGD-AODV, which provides multiple gateway support in Wireless Mesh Network. LBGD-AODV is designed as an extension to the Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol and uses a periodic gateway advertisement scheme equipped with an efficient algorithm to avoid congestion by establishing load-balanced routes to the gateway nodes for Internet traffic. The evaluation tests show that the LBGD-AODV has not compromised the efficiency of basic AODV routing and has improved the performance of the network.
Analyzing Impacts on Software Enhancement Caused by Security Design Alternatives with Patterns
Authors: Okubo Takao , Kaiya Haruhiko , Yoshioka Nobukazu
Published: November 2012

Unlike functional implementations, it is difficult to analyze the impact on security of software enhancements. One of the difficulties is identifying the range of effects on existing software from new security threats, and the other is developing proper countermeasures. The authors propose an analysis method that uses two kinds of security patterns: security requirements patterns for identifying threats and security design patterns for identifying countermeasures at an action class level. With these two patterns and the conventional traceability methodology, developers can estimate and compare the amount of modifications needed for multiple security countermeasures.
Software Security Engineering
Authors: Khan Khaled M.
Published: November 2012

Muthu Ramachandran from Leeds Metropolitan University, UK has recently published a book entitled, Software Security Engineering: Design and Applications. The author claims that the book provides systematic approaches to engineering, building and assuring software security throughout software lifecycle, software security based requirements engineering, design for software security, software security implementation, best practice guideline on developing software security, test for software security, and quality validation for software security.
Impact of IgA Constant Domain on HIV-1 Neutralizing Function of Monoclonal Antibody F425A1g8
Authors: Yu Xiaocong , Duval Mark , Lewis Christopher , Gawron Melissa A. , Wang Rijian , Posner Marshall R. , Cavacini Lisa A.
Published: November 2012

With the majority of HIV infections resulting from mucosal transmission, induction of an effective mucosal immune response is thought to be pivotal in preventing transmission. HIV-specific IgA, but not IgG, has been detected in the genital tract, seminal fluid, urethral swabs, urine, and vaginal wash samples of HIV-negative sex workers and HIV-status discordant couples. Purified mucosal and plasma IgA from some individuals with highly exposed, persistently seronegative status can neutralize infection and present cross-clade neutralization activity, though present at low levels. We generated a CD4-induced human mAb, F425A1g8, and characterized the impact of its isotype variants on HIV neutralizing activity. The result showed that, in contrast to little neutralization by the F425A1g8 IgG1 in the absence of sCD4, the IgA1 variant of the Ab displayed significant independent neutralization activity against a range of HIV clade B isolates in the absence of sCD4. Studies of the neutralizing function of IgA isotypes, and the functional relationship between different antigenic epitopes and IgA Abs, may also suggest strategies for the intervention of virus transmission and spread within the mucosa of the host, as well as serve to inform the design of vaccine strategies that may be more effective at preventing mucosal transmission. This research clearly suggests that IgA isotype, because of its unique molecular structure, may play an important role in HIV neutralization.
Verstaanbare prediking is eenvoudige prediking: ’n Prakties-teologiese besinning oor die styl van prediking
Authors: Kruger Ferdinand P.
Published: November 2012

Prediking is intensioneel en wil verandering bewerk. Onder die prediking vind interaksie en kommunikasie tussen prediker en hoorder plaas. Die oomblik wanneer die prediker skryf of praat, maak hy of sy van styl gebruik. Styl is vir die prediker soos die kleur wat ’n kunstenaar gebruik. Die navorsingshipotese in die artikel is dat gebrekkige styl daartoe bydra dat God nie reg gehoor word in die prediking nie. In hierdie artikel word van ’n driedeling gebruik gemaak waarin ’n analiserende beskrywing van die prakties-teologiese situasie gebied word. Aan die hand van basisteoretiese perspektiewe word die normatiewe gesigspunte gestel, waarna veranderingstrategieë voorgestel word. Vanuit die Jakobusbrief word perspektiewe na vore gebring wat die noodsaak van goeie styl in die prediking benadruk. In die metateoretiese besinning word die kontoere van die Kunsgeskiedenis asook Kommunikasiekunde verken. In die praktykteoretiese perspektiewe wat bespreek word, word die ruimte wat stylvolle prediking moet skep, aangestip. Sodoende word dit benadruk dat enige styl nie noodwendig die korrekte styl is nie. ’n Goeie styl wend die regte woorde op die regte plekke in die preek aan en daarom is goeie styl eenvoudig en verstaanbaar.Comprehensible preaching is simple preaching: A practical-theological reflection on preaching style. There is interdependence between preaching and transformation in the lives of hearers. There is a relationship of interaction and communication between preacher and hearers, exists in the act of preaching. When preachers open their mouths, style is used. Artists use colour in their paintings, but preachers use words to colour the content of their message. The research question for this investigation is therefore: What is the effect of an unclear style in sermons? The hypothesis for this research is that an unclear style in sermons does not change lives and fails to bring hearers into the presence of God. The research field is explored by coming to grips with the current practical theological situation. This article investigates certain meta-theoretical perspectives from the fields of Art History and Communication Skills. Basic-theoretical perspectives will be derived from the letter of James and normative vantage points will unfold. The researcher reaches the conclusion that good style creates a space in which hearers can communicate with God. A specific style of preaching is not necessarily the best style to use. Good style uses the correct words in the right places. Good style in a sermon makes preaching clear and comprehensible.
The relationship between cognitive ability, emotional intelligence and negative career thoughts: A study of career-exploring adults
Authors: Dahl Dennis , Cilliers Frans
Published: November 2012

Orientation: Career exploration can be a stressful experience, often manifested by negative career thoughts. In this article, the factors which influence the ability to cope with negative thinking are investigated.Research purpose: This study investigated the relationship between cognitive ability, emotional intelligence and negative thoughts pertaining to career in a sample of unemployed, non-student adults.Motivation for study: There is a need for research which investigates the psychological factors that contribute to successful career exploration and decision-making. Cognitive ability is one such factor, whilst emotional intelligence is another whose validity is not yet well established.Research design, approach and method: A survey design and quantitative procedures were used in gathering and analysing data gathered from 193 non-student, middle-aged adults attending a community-based career exploration programme in British Columbia, Canada. Cognitive ability, emotional intelligence and negative career thoughts before and after a career exploration programme were measured.Main findings: Neither cognitive ability nor any aspect of emotional intelligence predicted negative career thinking change. Cognitive ability predicted overall negative career thoughts as well as decision-making confusion, but only after the programme. The ability to manage emotions, however, predicted negative career thoughts both before and after the career decision-making programme.Practical/managerial implications: The managing emotions component of emotional intelligence is significantly associated with negative career thoughts. These findings suggest that career counselling requires that the role of emotions and their influence on behaviours must be given more consideration. Industrial and organisational (IO) psychologists would benefit from engaging in programmes that train them to assist clients in becoming more aware of, and increasing, their own emotional intelligence.Contribution/value-add: The study added insights to the field of career psychology regarding the ability of emotional intelligence to predict important outcomes regarding the dimensions of emotional intelligence (EI) as measured by a performance-based test predicting negative career thoughts amongst the non-student, adult population.
Linear Scaling Discontinuous Galerkin Density Matrix Minimization Method with Local Orbital Enriched Finite Element Basis: 1-D Lattice Model System
Authors: Lu Tiao , Cai Wei , Xin Jianguo , Guo Yinglong
Published: November 2012

In the first of a series of papers, we will study a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) framework for many electron quantum systems. The salient feature of this framework is the flexibility of using hybrid physics-based local orbitals and accuracy-guaranteed piecewise polynomial basis in representing the Hamiltonian of the many body system. Such a flexibility is made possible by using the discontinuous Galerkin method to approximate the Hamiltonian matrix elements with proper constructions of numerical DG fluxes at the finite element interfaces. In this paper, we will apply the DG method to the density matrix minimization formulation, a popular approach in the density functional theory of many body Schrödinger equations. The density matrix minimization is to find the minima of the total energy, expressed as a functional of the density matrix ρ(r,r′), approximated by the proposed enriched basis, together with two constraints of idempotency and electric neutrality. The idempotency will be handled with the McWeeny’s purification while the neutrality is enforced by imposing the number of electrons with a penalty method. A conjugate gradient method (a Polak-Ribiere variant) is used to solve the minimization problem. Finally, the linear-scaling algorithm and the advantage of using the local orbital enriched finite element basis in the DG approximations are verified by studying examples of one dimensional lattice model systems.
Characterization of the Plasmodium falciparum Sarcoplasmic/Endoplasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase Gene in Samples from Equatorial Guinea before Implementation of Artemisinin-Based Combination Therapy
Authors: Fernández-Martínez Amalia , Mula Patricia , Cravo Pedro , Charle Pilar , Amor Aranzazu , Ncogo Policarpo , Benito Agustín , Berzosa Pedro
Published: November 2012

Plasmodium falciparum resistance to the primary drugs used for treatment of malaria has become the main obstacle to malaria control. Artemisinin combination therapies are the current treatment strategy, and it has been suggested that resistance to artemisinin derivatives may be related to mutations in the Plasmodium falciparum sarcoplasmic-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase ortholog of the mammalian sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase gene, known as the pfatp6 gene. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in pfatp6. The presence of different SNPs was detected by polymerase chain reaction amplification of the pfatp6 gene, and then sequencing to identify all possible alleles of the gene. A total of 20 SNPs were detected, including eight SNPs that have not been previously described: K481R in Malabo; R801H on Annobon Island; and the synonymous SNPs a141t, c1788t, a2211g, t2739g, a2760c, and g2836a. The genotypic profile of pfatp6 in samples from Equatorial Guinea, may be a useful epidemiologic tool for monitoring local efficacy of artemisinin combination therapies.
Detection of Dengue Virus NS1 Antigen in Infected Aedes aegypti Using a Commercially Available Kit
Authors: Voge Natalia V. , Sánchez-Vargas Irma , Blair Carol D. , Eisen Lars , Beaty Barry J.
Published: November 2012

Epidemic dengue has emerged throughout the tropical world. In the continued absence of a vaccine against dengue virus (DENV), mosquito vector surveillance and control programs are essential to reduce human infections. An effective test to detect DENV in infected mosquitoes would be a valuable addition to the surveillance effort. We investigated DENV detection in infected Aedes aegypti using a commercially available DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) ELISA kit (Platelia Dengue NS1 Ag), and by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and virus isolation assays. The DENV-infected mosquitoes were subjected to field-relevant conditions and assayed individually and pooled with uninfected mosquitoes. Overall, DENV NS1 antigen was detected in 98% of infected mosquitoes/pools versus 79% for RT-PCR and 29% for virus isolation. Our results indicate that NS1 is an excellent analyte for detection of DENV in Ae. aegypti and that the tested NS1 antigen kit provides a sensitive, rapid, and convenient test for DENV surveillance in mosquitoes.
Fecal Markers of Intestinal Inflammation and Permeability Associated with the Subsequent Acquisition of Linear Growth Deficits in Infants
Authors: Kosek Margaret , Haque Rashidul , Lima Aldo , Babji Sudhir , Shrestha Sanjaya , Qureshi Shahida , Amidou Samie , Mduma Estomih , Lee Gwenyth , Yori Pablo Peñataro , Guerrant Richard L. , Bhutta Zulfiqar , Mason Carl , Kang Gagandeep , Kabir Mamun , Amour Caroline , Bessong Pascal , Turab Ali , Seidman Jessica , Olortegui Maribel Paredes , Quetz Josiane , Lang Dennis , Gratz Jean , Miller Mark , Gottlieb Michael
Published: November 2012

Enteric infections are associated with linear growth failure in children. To quantify the association between intestinal inflammation and linear growth failure three commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (neopterin [NEO], alpha-anti-trypsin [AAT], and myeloperoxidase [MPO]) were performed in a structured sampling of asymptomatic stool from children under longitudinal surveillance for diarrheal illness in eight countries. Samples from 537 children contributed 1,169 AAT, 916 MPO, and 954 NEO test results that were significantly associated with linear growth. When combined to form a disease activity score, children with the highest score grew 1.08 cm less than children with the lowest score over the 6-month period following the tests after controlling for the incidence of diarrheal disease. This set of affordable non-invasive tests delineates those at risk of linear growth failure and may be used for the improved assessments of interventions to optimize growth during a critical period of early childhood.
Formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide over the remote western Pacific Ocean: SCIAMACHY and GOME-2 validation using ship-based MAX-DOAS observations
Authors: Peters E. , Wittrock F. , Großmann K. , Frieß U. , Richter A. , Burrows J. P.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. In October 2009, shipborne Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements were performed during the TransBrom campaign over the western Pacific Ocean (≈ 40° N to 20° S). Vertical tropospheric trace gas columns and profiles of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and formaldehyde (HCHO) as well as stratospheric NO2 columns were retrieved in order to validate corresponding measurements from the GOME-2 and SCIAMACHY satellite instruments and to estimate tropospheric background concentrations of these trace gases. All instruments reproduced the same characteristic, latitude-dependent shape of stratospheric NO2. SCIAMACHY and GOME-2 data differ by about 1% from each other while yielding lower vertical columns than MAX-DOAS morning values as a consequence of measurement time and stratospheric NO2 diurnal cycle. Due to this diurnal cycle, an increase of 8.7 ± 0.5 × 1013 molec cm−2 h−1 of stratospheric NO2 was estimated from MAX-DOAS data at low latitudes during the day. Tropospheric NO2 was above the detection limit only in regions of higher anthropogenic impact (ship traffic, transport of pollution from land). A background column of 1.3 × 1014 molec cm−2 (or roughly 50 ppt boundary layer concentration) can be estimated as upper limit for the remote ocean, which is in agreement with GOME-2 monthly mean values. In the marine boundary layer close to the islands of Hokkaido and Honshu, up to 0.8 ppbv were retrieved close to the surface. Background HCHO concentrations over the remote ocean exhibit a diurnal cycle with maximum values (depending strongly on weather conditions) of 4 × 1015 molec cm−2 for the vertical column at noontime. Corresponding peak concentrations of up to 1.1 ppbv were retrieved in elevated altitudes (≈ 400 m) around noon while maximum concentrations in the evening are close to the ground. An agreement between MAX-DOAS and GOME-2 data was found for typical vertical columns of 3 × 1015 molec cm−2 over the remote ocean at the time of overpass.
Density currents as a desert dust mobilization mechanism
Authors: Solomos S. , Kallos G. , Mavromatidis E. , Kushta J.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. The formation and propagation of density currents are well studied processes in fluid dynamics with many applications in other science fields. In the atmosphere, density currents are usually meso-β/γ phenomena and are often associated with storm downdrafts. These storms are responsible for the formation of severe dust episodes (haboobs) over desert areas. In the present study, the formation of a convective cool pool and the associated dust mobilization are examined for a representative event over the western part of Sahara desert. The physical processes involved in the mobilization of dust are described with the use of the integrated atmospheric-air quality RAMS/ICLAMS model. Dust is effectively produced due to the development of near surface vortices and increased turbulent mixing along the frontal line. Increased dust emissions and recirculation of the elevated particles inside the head of the density current result in the formation of a moving "dust wall". Transport of the dust particles in higher layers – outside of the density current – occurs mainly in three ways: (1) Uplifting of preexisting dust over the frontal line with the aid of the strong updraft (2) Entrainment at the upper part of the density current head due to turbulent mixing (3) Vertical mixing after the dilution of the system. The role of the dust in the associated convective cloud system was found to be limited. Proper representation of convective processes and dust mobilization requires the use of high resolution (cloud resolving) model configuration and online parameterization of dust production. Haboob-type dust storms are effective dust sources and should be treated accordingly in dust modeling applications.
Iodine emissions from the sea ice of the Weddell Sea
Authors: Atkinson H. M. , Huang R.-J. , Chance R. , Roscoe H. K. , Hughes C. , Davison B. , Schönhardt A. , Mahajan A. S. , Saiz-Lopez A. , Hoffmann T. , Liss P. S.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Iodine compounds were measured above, below and within the sea ice of the Weddell Sea during a cruise in 2009, to make progress in elucidating the mechanism of local enhancement and volatilisation of iodine. I2 mixing ratios of up to 12.4 pptv were measured 10 m above the sea ice, and up to 31 pptv was observed above surface snow on the nearby Brunt Ice Shelf – large amounts. Atmospheric IO of up to 7 pptv was measured from the ship, and the average sum of HOI and ICl was 1.9 pptv. These measurements confirm the Weddell Sea as an iodine hotspot. Average atmospheric concentrations of CH3I, C2H5I, CH2ICl, 2-C3H7I, CH2IBr and 1-C3H7I were each 0.2 pptv or less. On the Brunt Ice Shelf, enhanced concentrations of CH3I and C2H5I (up to 0.5 and 1 pptv respectively) were observed in firn air, with a diurnal profile that suggests the snow may be a source. In the sea ice brine, iodocarbons concentrations were over 10 times those of the sea water below. The sum of iodide + iodate was depleted in sea ice samples, suggesting some missing iodine chemistry. Flux calculations suggest I2 dominates the iodine atom flux to the atmosphere, but models cannot reconcile the observations and suggest either a missing iodine source or other deficiencies in our understanding of iodine chemistry. The observation of new particle formation, consistent with the model predictions, strongly suggests an iodine source. This combined study of iodine compounds is the first of its kind in this unique region of sea ice rich in biology and rich in iodine chemistry.
Increased glacier runoff enhances the penetration of warm Atlantic water into a large Greenland fjord
Authors: Sole A. J. , Payne A. J. , Nienow P. W. , Christoffersen P. , Cottier F. R. , Inall M. E.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. The retreat and acceleration of Greenland's marine-terminating outlet glaciers have been linked to ocean warming. However the mechanisms which control the transmission of this warming along fjords towards the glaciers remain poorly understood. The aim of this paper is to elucidate observed changes in water properties in Kangerdlugssuaq Fjord (KF), East Greenland using the Bergen Ocean Model (BOM). Model outputs are compared with observed potential temperature, salinity and velocity data to determine the principal controls on heat transport within KF and to estimate resulting submarine ice front melt rates of Kangerdlugssuaq Glacier (KG). The BOM includes wind, tidal and glacier runoff forcing and is able to replicate observed temperature and salinity profiles. Model results describe a robust four-layer estuarine flow, consisting of two distinct circulations. The shallow circulation (0–~ 60 m) is forced by surface wind stress and to a lesser extent supraglacial runoff, while the intermediate circulation (~ 60–500 m) is driven by runoff discharged into the fjord subglacially. Atlantic Water (AW) and warm Polar Surface Water (PSWw) are drawn into the fjord by the intermediate and shallow circulation cells respectively, in a pattern consistent with observations, and AW reaches KG over a single summer. Along-fjord heat transport towards KG increases significantly with both glacier runoff and coastal water temperature. A doubling of glacier runoff produces a 29% (48%) amplification of mean annual (summer) heat transport towards the KG terminus, increasing estimated mean annual (summer) submarine melt rates from 211 to 273 (842 to 1244) m yr–1. In contrast, heat transport towards KG in the surface ~ 60 m of the fjord decreases with rising glacier runoff because the enhanced down-fjord component of the intermediate circulation interferes with the up-fjord part of the shallow circulation. Thus, as ice sheet runoff increases, KG's dynamic response to oceanic forcing will likely be driven primarily by enhanced submarine ice front melting and consequent undercutting rather than through diminished buttressing from seasonal sea ice and ice mélange. Our model shows, in agreement with observations, that maximum submarine melt rates occur when AW and PSWw are present at the fjord mouth and, crucially, glacier runoff is also high. Rising ice sheet runoff therefore increases the sensitivity of KG (and other Greenland marine-terminating glaciers) to ocean warming.
In Vitro Evaluation of Sunscreens: An Update for the Clinicians
Authors: Pelizzo Maria , Zattra Edoardo , Nicolosi Piergiorgio , Peserico Andrea , Garoli Denis , Alaibac Mauro
Published: November 2012

Topical sunscreens contain molecules or molecular complexes that can absorb, reflect, or scatter UV photons. Evaluation of the efficacy of sunscreen products has been made through the Sun Protection Factor (SPF), a mean of quantitatively assessing in vivo the degree of protection offered by sunscreen products against solar radiation. In vivo evaluation of SPF has several drawbacks. First of all, this evaluation method is expensive in terms of money and time. Moreover, it raises several ethical issues concerning the potential damage to skin volunteers. Several in vitro techniques have been developed, but at present there is no broadly accepted method. In this paper, we will discuss some of the recent advances concerning the in vitro evaluation of sunscreens which would be acceptable for replacing in vivo assays.
Culture Condition Improvement for Phytase Production in Solid State Fermentation by Aspergillus ficuum Using Statistical Method
Authors: Jafari-Tapeh H. , Hamidi-Esfahani Z. , Azizi M. H.
Published: November 2012

The effective factors on phytase production by Aspergillus ficuum PTCC 5288 were studied using solid-state fermentation method in 250 ml shake flask. The effective process parameters on phytase production were identified using Plackett-Burman design. Four factors were identified of different variables, including glucose, moisture, MgSO4, and fermentation time, which were the most significant. The optimum levels of these significant parameters were determined through response surface methodological approach as follows: 10.14% glucose, 62.69% moisture, 0.46% MgSO4 and 119.23 h. The maximum predicted amount of phytase was 24.33 U/gds and the produced amount of phytase under these conditions was 25.6 U/gds, which indicates the efficacy of the model for prediction of phytase production content under different medium conditions.
A Review of Some Subtleties of Practical Relevance for Time-Delay Systems of Neutral Type
Authors: Gu Keqin
Published: November 2012

This paper reviews some subtleties in time-delay systems of neutral type that are believed to be of particular relevance in practice. Both traditional formulation and the coupled differential-difference equation formulation are used. The discontinuity of the spectrum as a function of delays is discussed. Conditions to guarantee stability under small parameter variations are given. A number of subjects that have been discussed in the literature, often using different methods, are reviewed to illustrate some fundamental concepts. These include systems with small delays, the sensitivity of Smith predictor to small delay mismatch, and the discrete implementation of distributed-delay feedback control. The framework prsented in this paper makes it possible to provide simpler formulation and strengthen, generalize, or provide alternative interpretation of the existing results.
Directable Needle Guide: Efficacy for Image-Guided Percutaneous Interventions
Authors: Ishizaka Hiroshi
Published: November 2012

Diagnostic and therapeutic image-guided percutaneous interventions have become increasingly important in the clinical management of various conditions. Though precise needle placement via a safe route is essential for successful percutaneous interventions, it is often difficult in cases of deeply situated, small lesions. The present paper describes the efficacy of the directable needle guide (DNG), which allows manipulation of the direction of a fine needle within organs. The DNG was used in patients for needle biopsy of hepatic (n=26) and splenic (n=1) lesions and for percutaneous ethanol injection therapy for liver tumors (n=33) under sonographic or computed tomography guidance. The DNG enabled the direction of a 21- or 22-gauge needle to be successfully changed during needle advancement in all cases, allowing adjustment of the location of the needle tip or needle access root to avoid vessels, the gallbladder, and the lungs. We conclude that DNG increases the safety and ease of percutaneous interventions.