bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Explanation and Justification: Understanding the Functions of Fact-Insensitive Principles
Authors: Johannsen Kyle
Published: March 2016

In recent work, Andrew T. Forcehimes and Robert B. Talisse correctly note that G.A. Cohen’s fact-insensitivity thesis, properly understood, is explanatory.  This observation raises an important concern.  If fact-insensitive principles are explanatory, then what role can they play in normative deliberations?  The purpose of my paper is, in part, to address this question.  Following David Miller, I indicate that on a charitable understanding of Cohen’s thesis, an explanatory principle explains a justificatory fact by completing an otherwise logically incomplete inference.  As a result, the explanatory role such a principle plays is inseparable from its status as a (not necessarily successful) justificatory reason.  With this interpretation in hand, I then proceed to argue that Lea Ypi’s and Robert Jubb’s recent criticisms fail to undermine Cohen’s thesis, and that fact-insensitive principles, once discovered, are especially helpful for purposes of deliberation in circumstances characterized by changing and changeable feasibility constraints.
Boom, Bust and Crisis: Labour, Corporate Power and Politics in Canada, by John Peters
Authors: Walchuk Bradley
Published: March 2016

Boom, Bust and Crisis: Labour, Corporate Power and Politics in Canada, by John Peters
Kinsman, Gary and Patrizia Gentile. 2010. The Canadian War on Queers: National Security as Sexual Regulation.
Authors: Brule Mathieu
Published: March 2016

Kinsman, Gary and Patrizia Gentile. 2010. The Canadian War on Queers: National Security as Sexual Regulation. Vancouver: UBC Press. ISBN 978-0-7748-1628-1. Paperback: 34.95 CAD. Pages: 554.
Mallea, Paula. 2011. Fearmonger: Stephen Harper's Tough-on-Crime Agenda.
Authors: Wright Lisa
Published: March 2016

Mallea, Paula. 2011. Fearmonger: Stephen Harper's Tough-on-Crime Agenda.
On A Journalist’s Life on the Left, by Ed Finn
Authors: Weinroth Michelle
Published: March 2016

On A Journalist’s Life on the Left, by Ed Finn
Social Classes in the Process of Capitalist Landnahme: On the Relevance of Secondary Exploitation
Authors: Dörre Klaus
Published: March 2016

So far, growing social insecurity and inequality have not led to a revival of class-conscious labour movements in the centres of capitalism. This article builds upon Rosa Luxemburg’s concept of Landnahme to attempt to explain this phenomenon. In contemporary Germany, as in other developed countries, a transition from a society pacified by Fordist methods to a more strongly polarized class society is taking place– though characterized by a peculiar 'stabilization of the unstable'. An 'interior' Landnahme set in motion by financial capitalism has also severely aggravated secondary exploitation and the precarization of labour. Trade unions and the segment of the working class represented by unions often react by closing their ranks in exclusive solidarity. Faced with the prospect of downward social mobility, they develop defensive strategies to preserve their remaining social property – even at the expense of precarized groups. Such a disciplinary régime can only be broken if precarized groups and their forms of working and living are integrated into new structures of inclusive solidarity. Jusqu’ici, l’insécurité et l’inégalité croissante n’ont pas abouti à une renaissance des mouvements ouvriers dotés d’une conscience de classe au cœur du capitalisme. Cet article cherche à expliquer ce phénomène à partir du concept de Landnahme de Rosa Luxemburg. Dans l’Allemagne d’aujourd’hui, comme dans d’autres pays développés, une transition d’une société apaisée par des méthodes Fordistes à une société fortement polarisée est en train de se réaliser – bien que caractérisée par une étrange ‘stabilisation de l’instable’. Un Landnahme ‘intérieur’ mu par le capitalisme financier a également gravement renforcé l’exploitation secondaire et la précarisation de la classe ouvrière. Les syndicats et les fragments de la classe ouvrière que les syndicats représentent réagissent souvent en fermant leurs rangs dans une solidarité exclusive. Craignant la mobilité sociale descendante, ils développent des stratégies défensives afin de préserver la propriété sociale qui leur reste – même au dépens des groupes précarisés. Un tel régime disciplinaire peut seulement être brisé si les groupes précarisés et leurs formes de travail et modes de vie sont intégrés dans des nouvelles structures de solidarité inclusive.
The Rule of Value and the Communist Alternative: A Response to Peter Hudis’ Marx’s Concept of the Alternative to Capitalism
Authors: Angus Ian
Published: March 2016

A discussion of Hudis' Marx's Concept of the Alternative to Capitalism.
Neoliberalism, Class and Culture: The 2008 Federal Elections in Canada and the United States
Authors: Fowler Tim
Published: March 2016

In the 2008 federal elections in Canada and The United States, conservative parties used class rhetoric in an attempt to draw votes from the working class. They did so by defining class along narrowly cultural lines, so excluding economic concerns. This research note examines the cases of ‘Ordinary Canadians Don’t Care About The Arts’ and ‘Joe the Plumber’ to show how conservative parties in Canada and the United States are redefining class as a purely cultural variable. Although the rhetoric was not entirely successful, the cases are instructive about the ways that the understandings and importance of class as an economic relation is suppressed by pro-capitalist parties in political elections.
In Memory of Roxana Ng: Thinking and Acting “Against the Grain”
Authors: Coburn Elaine
Published: March 2016

In Memory of Roxana Ng: Thinking and Acting “Against the Grain”
Rural China’s Invisible Women: A Feminist Political Economy Approach to Food Security
Authors: Chen Lanyan
Published: March 2016

From a feminist political economy perspective, this article examines two recent trends in agricultural production in china likely to exacerbate gender inequalities that have been growing since the 1980s economic reforms. First, rural women are looking after land contracted to the family to grow food for the family while men are engaging in trade, marketing agricultural products and/or employment in cities. Second, some men have found opportunities, opened up by the government’s land transfer policy, to create agricultural farms by contracting land from other villagers. Women work for these farms as wage laborers. These trends reinforce male-dominated systems of food provision and pose threats to “food security” in China’s countryside, meaning inadequate access to diverse, valued foods that promote good health. These threats are particularly acute as gender disparities in rural areas increase. I conclude that existing examples of agricultural workers' cooperatives are important prefigurative practices. Such cooperatives could serve as places where women cooperators’ voices are strengthened against patriarchal policies in the household and in communities. This has important implications for food security.
Environmental Social Work, by Mel Gray, John Coates and Tiana Hetherington
Authors: Chan Walter Wai Tak
Published: March 2016

Book Review
Marxism's 'Communicative Crisis'? Mapping Debates over Leninist Print-Media Practices in the 20th Century.
Authors: Pimlott Herbert F.
Published: March 2016

Despite the scholarly neglect of Marxism’s ‘communicative crisis’, it was a topic of concern that was addressed, debated and negotiated over by party leaders, intellectuals and activists on a continuous basis throughout the 20th century. These concerns revolved around three areas: first, the primary means of print communication, the party paper; second, the specialization of production, particularly around the role of writers and journalists; and third, the search for a popular rhetoric and writing style, which would appeal to the general public. This paper maps out the ‘communicative crisis’ of Marxism in the 20th century through an examination of key intersections of disputes over the correct approach to its practices of print communication, as a starting point for an historical analysis of the failures and successes of Marxist political praxis.
Multiculturalism and the Fetishism of Difference.
Authors: Mooers Colin
Published: March 2016

This paper charts the internal mediations between the duality of human labour under capitalism, the way in which capitalism embodies its ‘others’ through ideologies of race and gender, and the fetishistic forms of ‘difference’ expressed in liberal notions of multicultural citizenship. Such an immanent critique helps to explain one of the central paradoxes of ‘diversity’: how in the very process of recognizing ethnic and cultural differences, multiculturalism also occludes and distorts capitalism’s concrete social relations. The fetishistic ideology of multicultural citizenship should be understood as a ‘compromise formation’ which both distorts social relations and gestures toward an emancipatory potential beyond itself.
Sharzer, Greg. 2012. No Local: Why Small-Scale Alternatives Won't Change The World.
Authors: Levkoe Charles
Published: March 2016

Sharzer, Greg. 2012. No Local: Why Small-Scale Alternatives Won't Change The World.
Warner, Tom. 2010. Losing Control: Canada’s Social Conservatives in the Age of Rights.
Authors: Erwin Lorna
Published: March 2016

Warner, Tom. 2010. Losing Control: Canada’s Social Conservatives in the Age of Rights. Toronto: Between the Lines. ISBN 978-1-897071-41-0. Paperback: 29.95 CAD. Pages: 292.
American Empire, Capitalist Crisis and the Global South
Authors: Panitch Leo
Published: March 2016

American Empire, Capitalist Crisis and the Global South
Book Review: The New Imperialists: Ideologies of Empire
Authors: Webber Jeffery
Published: March 2016

Review of The New Imperialists: Ideologies of Empire, Colin Mooers (Ed.)
SS/ES 7 (1/2) 2011 Part One
Authors: Administrator Admin
Published: March 2016

Cover to p. 170
Quartermasters of Stadiums and Cemeteries: Normative Insurrectionism and the Under-theorization of Revolutionary Strategy
Authors: Moufawad-Paul Joshua
Published: March 2016

In this article I examine the problematic of revolutionary strategy and how it is under-theorized at the centres of global capitalism, often confused with the theory of organization.  Arguing that the theory of insurrection is often and uncritically accepted as normative, I discuss the necessity of returning to a critical engagement with the theory of strategy in the context of a modern capitalist military.  By examining Karl Liebknecht's examination of militarism, the a priori acceptance of the theory of insurrection by contemporary theorists in both the communist and anarchist traditions (i.e. Jodi Dean and the Invisible Committee), and the counter-tradition of protracted people's war, I demonstrate that the theory of insurrection is philosophically deficient, unable to account for the problems produced by capitalist militarism and pacification.
Soederberg, Susanne. 2010. Corporate Power and Ownership in Contemporary Capitalism: The Politics of Resistance and Domination.
Authors: McBride Stephen
Published: March 2016

Soederberg, Susanne. 2010. Corporate Power and Ownership in Contemporary Capitalism: The Politics of Resistance and Domination. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-46788-9. Paperback: 41.95 CAD. Pages: 195.
Book Review: Communism (Short Histories of Big Ideas Series)
Authors: Caldararu Alex
Published: March 2016

Review of Communism (Short Histories of Big Ideas Series) by Mark Sandle
Revisiting Mary O’Brien – Reproductive Consciousness and Liquid Maternity
Authors: Burfoot Annette
Published: March 2016

This research note examines feminist theory from socialist feminism through the post-structural turn associated with thinkers like Foucault, Derrida and Butler to neo-materialism, this last noted for its emphasis on the body's materiality as opposed to the subject as a socially constructed or merely linguistic practice. Tracing these theoretical developments is contextualized with respect to theories and concepts such as feminist standpoint theories of epistemology, historical materialism and Baumann's "liquid modernity". I ask: have we lost sight of the strength of feminist structuralism - particularly the effects of capital - in order to accommodate multiple and complex subjectifications associated with gender? Mary O'Brien's reproductive consciousness, her argument that women's consciousness is fundamentally shaped through the different moments related to reproduction, is re-examined in light of recent developments in egg donation and surrogacy. This is not intended as an exercise in romantic longing for some sort of utopian society where femininity is venerated. Rather, it is an exploration of the potential for reproductive consciousness to guide political responses to contemporary problems raised by new reproductive technologies that combine capital and gender in a single dialectic.
“Nothing Human is Alien to Me”: Rethinking Historical Materialism and Socialism
Authors: Coburn Elaine
Published: March 2016

Historical materialism emphasizes antagonistic class relationships as the main characteristic of the social, hence historically contingent, capitalist mode of production. Socialism is a normative vision of a just society rooted in meeting needs and enabling unalienated human expression, within the ecological limits of the natural world. Both are useful, even critical ways of understanding the world and seeking to bring about a better one. However, both are radically inadequate. Indeed, some scholars charge that both are worse than useless. The most serious critique is that historical materialism and socialism collaborate in silencing other anti-oppressive theories and struggles, by insisting on exclusive “class-only” approaches. After describing three characteristic ways that many historical materialists do, in fact, collaborate to exclude many important anti-oppressive theories and struggles, I argue – following many others – that such exclusions are not tenable on analytical, empirical, moral and practical grounds. In fact, historical materialism and socialism have much to gain with a more inclusive approach, although that inclusiveness might take different forms. For instance, Indigenous, Black power and gay and lesbian movements are instances of anti-oppressive theories and struggles that offer critical insights into actually-existing capitalism; and the potential for transformative change within and even beyond capitalism. Class inequalities are inextricably bound up with other sources of oppression, rooted in race, gender, disability, sexuality and ongoing colonialism – which are not 'essential' inequalities but social, historically emerging and hence contingent oppressions. Put another way, understanding capitalism includes theorizing the ways that capitalist social relations create ecological 'niches', as Ian Hacking might say, for a range of interrelated unjust inequalities. Further, all oppressions must be fought in themselves, as part of socialist commitments, because they inhibit the free unalienated expression of each and all. The revised historical materialism and socialism that result from this are more modest because they do not aspire to attribute all “major” capitalist dynamics exclusively to class. But they are also more ambitious, because they are in a necessary, constant dialogue with other anti-oppressive theories and struggles.
Telling the Story of Globalization, Neoliberalism and the Call Centre Industry in New Brunswick
Authors: McFarland Joan
Published: March 2016

In New Brunswick, in the early nineties, the Liberal government of Frank McKenna embraced both globalization and neoliberalism in the creation of a call centre industry. It seems a classic case of the adoption of a globalization and neoliberal strategy. However, further examination of the discourse of the period shows a very particular positioning vis-à-vis globalization and neoliberalism. It is one adopted by a ‘have-not’ province as a kind of desperate economic development strategy. Given recent attention in the literature to the various meanings and implications of globalization and neoliberalism, the New Brunswick case gives a particular vantage point from which to reflect on these debates.
Front Matter
Authors: Rein Sandra
Published: March 2016

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Identificación y Análisis Filogenético del Nematodo Foliar Orrina phyllobia Afectando
Authors: Medina-Gómez Edgar , Ramírez-Suárez Ángel , Cuevas-Ojeda Juventino , Martínez-Gómez Daniel
Published: March 2016

El trompillo Solanum elaeagnifolium es una maleza de importancia económica afectada por enemigos naturales que podrían ser empleados como agentes de control biológico. Se detectó al nematodo agallador Orrina phyllobia parasitando S. elaeagnifolium en San Luis de la Paz, Guanajuato. Se realizó la identificación morfotaxonómica y molecular de especímenes extraídos de agallas y deformaciones foliares. Los valores de las características morfológicas y morfométricas concordaron con los rangos reportados en la descripción original de la especie a excepción de los índices de Man: a y b´. Los productos de la amplificación mediante la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa de dos marcadores moleculares ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 y los segmentos de expansión D2-D3 del gen 28S fueron 850 y 900 pb respectivamente. La homología por BLASTING de secuencias genéticas de la población mexicana junto con secuencias de la base de datos del NCBI mostró un 99% de identidad con Ditylenchus phyllobius (E=0.0). La inferencia bayesiana de la región ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 del ADN ribosomal con secuencias de géneros y especies de anguinidos depositados en el GenBank indicó una clara afinidad de agrupamiento con D. phyllobius. La combinación de caracteres morfométricos y genéticos permitió confirmar la identidad de Orrina phyllobia afectando S. elaeagnifolium en México.
Evaluacion de la sostenibilidad de la arquitectura, aspectos sociales, culturales, estética e hitos : Evaluation of architecture sustainability, social aspects, lacks, esthetics culturally and milestones
Authors: Cordero Gulá Raul , García Navarro Justo
Published: March 2016

ResumenLos países emergentes en general son poco consumidores de energía, por tanto tienen poca influencia en la huella de carbono y el daño ecológico al planeta, pero tienen muchas carencias sociales como la falta de vivienda, servicios, problemas de salud, falta de trabajo, etc. Por eso merecen tener una herramienta de evaluación de sostenibilidad arquitectónica que considere todos estos aspectos evaluados desde la óptica de cada cultura y en la que el peso de aspectos como la huella de carbono o el consumo energético no sea el único. Por otra parte esta herramienta evalúa la estética y los hitos arquitectónicos como parte de los aspectos sociales que deberían evaluarse en el mundo, y la propuesta ha sido aplicada en edificios patrimoniales y contemporáneos, realizada como proyecto de investigación de la Universidad de Cuenca, en colaboración con la UPM. AbstractEmerging countries are generally low consumption of energy, and thus have little influence on the carbon footprint and ecological damage to the planet, but instead have many social needs such as homelessness, housing without services, health problems, unemployment, etc. Therefore they deserve an evaluation tool of architectural sustainability which considers the social, housing production, jobs, health, all evaluated from the perspective of each culture and the weight of aspects carbon footprint or energy consumption is not the only one. Moreover this tool evaluates the aesthetic and architectural landmarks as part of the social aspects that should also be evaluated worldwide, and the proposal has been applied in heritage and contemporary buildings, conducted as a research project at the University of Cuenca, in collaboration with UPM.
Perancangan Software PDU Encoder dan PDU Decoder untuk Layer MAC WiMAX
Authors: Putrada Aji Gautama
Published: March 2016

WiMAX, singkatan dari Wireless Interoperable Microwave Access merupakan teknologi telekomunikasi dengan sistem wireless broadband access. Teknologi ini dibuat berdasarkan Standar Wireless Metropolitan Area Network IEEE 802.16-2004 dan bekerja pada Media Access Control (MAC) Layer dan Physical (PHY) Layer pada jaringan komputer. MAC dari WiMAX merupakan Layer yang connection oriented dan mengatur akses sebuah perangkat WiMAX pada jaringan Physical. Layer ini mengerjakan berbagai macam hal seperti connection management, penjadwalan serta ARQ dan lain sebagainya. PDU Encoder digunakan untuk membentuk data keluaran dari MAC menuju transmitter Physical. Sebaliknya PDU Decoder membentuk data keluaran MAC dari receiver Physical. Makalah ini membahas tentang perancangan dan implementasi Software PDU Encoder dan PDU Decoder. PDU Encoder dan Decoder dapat melakukan berbagai macam fungsi, antara lain, packing, fragmentation, kalkulasi CRC, dan pemberian MAC Header.
AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KARI (Murraya koenigii) TERHADAP Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Pseudomonas sp.
Authors: R Rastina , Sudarwanto Mirnawati , Wientarsih Ietje
Published: March 2016

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri, konsentrasi efektif, dan pengaruh peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol daun kari (Murraya koenigii) terhadap daya hambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli dan Pseudomonas sp. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar. Parameter yang diukur adalah besarnya diameter daya hambat yang terbentuk di sekitar kertas cakram. Hasil  uji aktivitas antibakteri dianalisis dengan metode one way anova dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi ekstrak 12,5; 25; dan 50% telah memberikan aktivitas daya hambat pertumbuhan bakteri uji. Konsentrasi efektif yang dapat menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi 50%, sedangkan bakteri Pseudomonas sp. pada konsentrasi 12,5; 25; dan 50%. Peningkatan konsentrasi ekstrak daun kari menunjukkan semakin luas diameter zona hambat pertumbuhan bakterinya. Penghambatan yang terjadi pada bakteri Staphylococcusaureus, Escherichia coli, dan Pseudomonas sp. tersebut, membuktikan bahwa daun kari mengandung senyawa aktif yang bersifat antibakteri, seperti flavonoid, fenol, alkaloid, dan saponin.
Are Well Construction Practices Safe for the Environment?
Authors: King George E.
Published: March 2016

Beyond the Headlines

Editor’s note: Professionals in the oil and gas industry often receive questions about how industry operations affect public health, the environment, and the communities in which they operate. Of particular concern today is the impact of hydraulic fracturing on the environment. In this new column, JPT is inviting energy experts to put those questions and concerns about industry operations into perspective. Additional information about the oil and gas industry, how it affects society, and how to explain industry operations and practices to the general public is available on SPE’s Energy4me website at www. energy4me.org.

There are headlines every day that discuss the ethics and safety behind oil and gas operations, particularly hydraulic fracturing. According to the media, hydraulic fracturing can cause earthquakes, contaminated water, and even deformity in animals (if you believe the movie Promise Land). The truth behind the headlines is that hydraulic fracturing is a safe way to get natural gas out of the ground. What makes it a safe practice is solid well construction.

The evolution of oil and gas well construction has passed through many frontiers with each new foray into the next “unconventional” hydrocarbon resource generating the needed technology to keep pace with the immediate needs. In light of more than 4 million wells drilled in North America over the past 194 years, it is somewhat surprising that the industry has been successful so many times, and what we have done with lessons learned from the relatively few failures.

Wells are designed from the bottom to the top and from the inside outward, but they are drilled and constructed in exactly the opposite manner—often by practitioners with metrics different from the initial design principles. The fundamental objective that must shape every action along the way is that the final product of well construction must be a highly durable pressure vessel, albeit one that is composed of hundreds of threaded connections with a variety of seals and with a long coat of cement. Few other engineering disciplines operate in this highly cloaked area, in which the final engineering product, the downhole section of the well, cannot be conventionally seen, heard or touched, and produces a product that no one really wants to smell or taste.

The birth of the US gas industry was ushered in by William Hart’s shale gas well in Fredonia, New York, in 1821. He encountered flowing gas at 28 ft and, consistent with the technology of the time, cased it with wood and flowed shale gas through wood and early steel pipes to light the streets and buildings previously illuminated with lamps filled with whale oil.
X-ray Imaging Method Improves Well Intervention Diagnostics
Authors: Safinya Kambiz
Published: March 2016

Technology Update

Poor well performance and downhole failures have a significant effect on operator profitability. To combat this, operators spent nearly USD 10 billion in 2013 on time-consuming and costly well interventions to retrieve and repair completions hardware.

A major factor contributing to the high cost of interventions is the lack of reliable information about the current condition of the downhole equipment. The ability to accurately visualize equipment in a well allows an operator to execute the remedial work plan more efficiently, thus saving time and money.

Several methods are available for visualizing hardware downhole. The oldest technique uses a block of lead lowered into the well to take an impression of the object. While fast and inexpensive, the impression is often difficult to interpret.

A more recent technology involves using ultrasonic imaging to produce an image of an object inside a fluid-filled well. However, this technique requires a knowledge of the exact specifications of the well fluid at the investigation depth to determine the speed of sound in the fluid. Furthermore, if the well fluid contains too many gas bubbles or suspended particles, then an excessive absorption and scattering of the ultrasonic beam will result in poor image quality.

As a third option, optical cameras provide images in well fluids that are transparent to visible light or in gas-filled wells, but even small traces of oil or particulates will distort the images. As a result, operator costs increase not only for cleaning the well, but also for changing out the original well fluid with an optically transparent fluid before running the camera.

The shortcomings of these methods led to a joint industry project to investigate the use of downhole X-ray imaging. However, common applications of X-ray imaging in the medical and security fields require access to both sides of the object, which is generally not possible in an oil well. Instead, a new technique has been developed using X-ray backscatter imaging.

In backscatter imaging, both the X-ray source and detector are positioned on the same side of the object of interest. Emitted from the source toward the object, the X-ray photons pass through the opaque fluid, scatter within the fluid and from the object, and pass back through the opaque fluid to enter the detector. A conventional backscatter image is obtained by recording the photons scattered by the object.

However, the object of interest inside an oil well is usually metal, often steel or another highly dense material, and these materials readily absorb photons. Therefore, the signal received in the detector is mainly composed of photons that have been scattered by the fluid, which rules out conventional X-ray backscatter imaging.
Asia Pacific Deepwater Capabilities Expand To Meet Growing Energy Demand
Authors: Wilson Adam
Published: March 2016

This article, written by Special Publications Editor Adam Wilson, contains highlights of paper OTC 25002, “Deepwater Growth in Asia Pacific and Growing Regional Installation and Pipelay Vessel Capability To Meet the Challenges,” by Biren Kumar Dash, SapuraKencana Petroleum, prepared for the 2014 Offshore Technology Conference Asia, Kuala Lumpur, 25–28 March. The paper has not been peer reviewed.

The Asia Pacific region is expected to be the fastest-growing region in deepwater development in the next 5 years. Malaysia, Indonesia, China, India, and Australia together are expected to drive 85% of deepwater spending in the region. This paper presents various deepwater developments in the region, with a focus on deepwater pipelay involving steep S-lay/J-lay requirements and the availability of regional offshore deepwater installations and pipelay vessels to meet the challenges posed by future deepwater development.

Deepwater Growth in Asia Pacific

The Asia Pacific region is traditionally a shallow-water-development region, with most of the fields operating in water depth of less than 100 m. Currently, only a few fields operate in water more than 500 m deep, and most of these came on stream in the last 5 years. With the energy demand growing in the region, international oil companies and national oil companies are partnering to exploit more-remote deepwater fields.

Key Asia Pacific Deepwater Developments

Malaysia. Currently, 19 deepwater blocks are active with a water depth from 520 to 1735 m, where the average depth of deepwater development is 1224. m. Murphy Kikeh is the first deepwater development, in water depth of 1340 m, and has been producing oil since 2007. Deepwater capital expenditure offshore Malaysia over the next 5 years is expected to place Malaysia eighth globally over the period, with USD 6.5 billion directed toward 19 separate deepwater-field developments. The two key developments for the period are the Shell-operated Gumusut-Kakap and the Murphy- operated Rotan, with a new-built floating liquefied-natural-gas (LNG) facility expected to enter production by 2017. Eleven deepwater fields are expected to enter production over the next 5 years.

Indonesia. Currently, Chevron’s West Seno is the only deepwater development in Indonesia, producing in water depth of 975 m and using tension-leg-platform and floating-production-unit concepts since 2003. Nineteen deepwater developments are expected in the next 5 years in Indonesia, with the most-capital-intensive one being Chevron’s ultradeepwater Gendalo Gehem development.
Prótese parcial removível temporária em Odontopediatria: relato de caso
Authors: Brelaz Keicy Louene de Almeida Teixeira , Venâncio Gisely Naura , Almeida Mailza Costa de , Augusto Carolina Rocha
Published: March 2016

A perda precoce dos elementos dentais anteriores em crianças influencia o comportamento psicossocial infantil. As próteses temporárias devolvem a aparência estética até que uma prótese definitiva possa ser confeccionada, além de ser importante para a manutenção do espaço. Este trabalho tem como objetivo apresentar um caso de reabilitação bucal com a confecção de prótese parcial removível temporária na arcada superior de um paciente de 12 anos de idade, gênero masculino, atendido na Clínica de Graduação de Odontopediatria de instituição privada, insatisfeito com seu  sorriso devido à fratura coronária dos incisivos centrais  superiores e posterior perda precoce de dentes permanentes. Os resultados demonstraram que o tratamento reabilitador foi resolutivo para repor os elementos perdidos, atuando na preservação do espaço, sem interferir no crescimento ósseo, sendo necessário até a estabilização da dimensão vertical de oclusão, impedindo o fechamento das regiões edêntulas, restabelecendo as principais funções orais e devolvendo a estética e a autoestima.
Descritores: Prótese Dentária; Prótese Parcial Temporária; Mantenedor de Espaço; Estética.
Enfisema subcutâneo durante exodontia de terceiro molar: relato de caso
Authors: Gomes-Ferreira Pedro Henrique Silva , Oliveira Danila de , Momesso Gustavo Antônio Correa , Bonardi João Paulo , Patori Claudio Maltonado , Faverani Leonardo Perez
Published: March 2016

A exodontia dos terceiros molares é um procedimento muito realizado no consultório odontológica. Dentre as complicações mais frequentes, o edema, dor, sangramento, infecção e lesão do nervo alveolar ou lingual são citados, porém complicações mais raras, tais como enfisema subcutâneo, são passíveis de ocorrer. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo relatar um caso de enfisema subcutâneo causado por caneta de alta rotação durante a exodontia de 3º molar incluso, o qual foi diagnosticado durante o procedimento, apresentando distensão dos tecidos periorbitário e região média da face esquerda com crepitação a palpação. Esta complicação foi tratada satisfatoriamente com uso de antimicrobiano e anti-inflamatório pós-operatório. Sendo assim, os enfisemas subcutâneos em face são passíveis de ocorrer e quando bem tratado com medicações antimicrobianas e anti-inflamatórias, apresentam remissão espontânea em curto prazo.
Descritores: Enfisema Subcutâneo; Terceiro Molar; Cirurgia Bucal.
Use of a frameless computed tomography–guided stereotactic biopsy system for nasal biopsy in five dogs
Authors: Kuhlman Gregory M. , Taylor Amanda R. , Thieman-Mankin Kelley M. , Griffin Jay , Cook Audrey K. , Levine Jonathan M.
Published: March 2016

CASE DESCRIPTION 5 dogs (median age, 9 years; median body weight, 31 kg [68.2 lb]) with undefined nasal masses were examined after undergoing CT of the head and nasal biopsy via a rostral rhinoscopic or unaided (blind) approach because histologic results for collected biopsy specimens (inflammatory, necrotic, or hemorrhagic disease) suggested the specimens were nonrepresentative of the underlying disease process identified via CT (aggressive or malignant disease).

CLINICAL FINDINGS Clinical signs at the time dogs were evaluated included open-mouth breathing, sneezing, or unilateral epistaxis. Histologic findings pertaining to the original biopsy specimens were suggestive of benign processes such as inflammation. In an attempt to obtain better representative specimens, a frameless CT-guided stereotactic biopsy system (CTSBS) was used to collect additional biopsy specimens from masses within the nasal and sinus passages of the dogs. The second set of biopsy specimens was histologically evaluated.

TREATMENT AND OUTCOME Histologic evaluation of biopsy specimens collected via the CTSBS revealed results suggestive of malignant neoplasia (specifically, chondrosarcoma, hemangiopericytoma, or undifferentiated sarcoma) for 3 dogs, mild mixed-cell inflammation for 1 dog, and hamartoma for 1 dog. No complications were reported. These findings resulted in a change in treatment recommendations for 3 dogs and confirmed that no additional treatment was required for 1 dog (with hamartoma). For the remaining dog, in which CT findings and clinical history were strongly suggestive of neoplasia, the final diagnosis was rhinitis.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE Biopsy specimens were safely collected from masses within the nasal and sinus passages of dogs by use of a frameless CTSBS, allowing a definitive diagnosis that was unachievable with other biopsy approaches.
Effect of Seed Treatment (Soaking Cum Incubation) on Plant Population Maintenance of Maize (Zea Mays L) under Rainfed Conditions during Winter Season at Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal
Authors: Yadav B.P. , Yadav D. N. , Koirala K.B. , Pandey K.R. , Thapa R.B.
Published: March 2016

Non-primed top quality seed of maize having cent-percent germination in lab resulted only 61% emergence in the field based on 4806 observations for non-primed seed while treated seed (priming cum incubation) recorded 82 % emergence in the field based on 4806 observations during first year. During second year experiment also non-primed top quality seed of hybrid maize having cent-percent germination in lab resulted 71.29% emergence while priming cum incubation treatment recorded 91.84% emergence. The result of both years clearly indicates the importance of seed treatment for maintaining the optimum plant population and there by insuring higher yield of winter hybrid maize.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(1): 113-116
Brain Morphology and Feeding Habits of Some Fresh Water Teleosts of Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Rajani , Vaidya Sheetal
Published: March 2016

External morphology of teleost brain is organized in such a way that it reflects the correlation between sensory adaptation and principal modes of activity very clearly. Channa gachua, Garra annandelei and Heteropneustes fossilis are among the 168 fresh water fishes recorded in Nepal. While examining the gut contents of these fishes, it was found that C. gachua fed primarily on insects, G. annandelei fed mainly on filamentous algae whereas H. fossilis fed both on plants and animals. Their brain morphology revealed that olfaction in C. gachua was stronger than in G. annandelei and H. fossilis. Similarly, optic sense was also more powerful in C. gachua than in G. annandelei and in H. fossilis. On the contrary, cerebellum of H. fossilis was more developed than that of G. annandelei and C. gachua. These morphological differences of brain could be undoubtedly correlated with the carnivorous, herbivorous and omnivorous feeding behaviour of C. gachua, G. annandelei and H. fossilis respectively. Moreover, in all three fishes, around 20% of the total gut content was made of mud and sand, and they all had inferior mouths, indicating that they were bottom feeders.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 4(1): 79-81
Effect of the die approach zone shape on the transition of retained austenite and the mechanical properties of TRIP steel wires
Authors: Wiewiorowska Sylwia , Muskalski Zbigniew
Published: March 2016

One of the main factors influencing the transition of retained austenite into martensite in TRIP structure steels during drawing process is the strain intensity. In drawing processes, it occurs high strain inhomogeneity caused by the conical shape of the die approach section, as well as by the friction occurring between the tool and the material. The occurring redundant strain causes high inhomogeneity in the distribution of mechanical properties on the cross-section of wire being drawn. One of the directions aiming at enhancing the homogeneity of the drawn wire properties is to change the shape of the die working section. The paper presents the results of the investigation of the effect of the quantity of retained austenite in TRIP-type steel wires with a carbon content of 0.29 wt.-% C drawn using conical (conventional), concave and convex dies on the mechanical properties of drawn wires.
Advanced hybrid welding and manufacturing technologies
Authors: Kulekci Mustafa Kemal , Esme Ugur , Kahraman Funda , Ocalir Seref
Published: March 2016

In this study, a detailed analysis of hybrid weld manufacturing technologies that can significantly contribute to the joining of materials has been carried out. Past, present and future projection, advantages, dis advantages, technological barriers and drawbacks of the processes are given. Detailed explanations of the recent developments of hybrid weld manufacturing technologies and main components are given. Potential industrial applications are assessed and evaluated using economic and technological results. The developments in hybrid welding manufacturing technologies generally improved metallurgical and mechanical properties of weld joints. Hybrid processes usually combine the benefits of each individual process. Due to low heat input, hybrid welds create fine grain structures, minimize base material dilution and achieve high toughness and mechanical properties. These processes are especially appropriate for high performance alloys and dissimilar metal joining. The results of this study conclude that reasonable costs and improved properties of the processed materials will lead to massive use of hybrid welding manufacturing technologies.
Assessing Motor Vehicle Quota Policies in China: Social Welfare Perspective
Authors: Lin Xiongbin , Zhou Meng , Le Xiaohui , Yang Jiawen
Published: March 2016

Seven cities in China employ vehicle quota policies (VQPs) to mitigate urban traffic congestion. In these cities, vehicle licenses are allocated through a lottery, auction, or a mixture of the two. This study performs a policy assessment of China’s VQP with a social welfare perspective. It is argued that the issue is relevant to the selection of different modes of resource allocation, since an auction can match the precious resource with the individuals who value it most whereas a lottery meets the social expectation of equity. From the broad perspective of urban transportation, both auction- and lottery-based VQPs can be further improved by changing supplemental policies relevant to lottery entry, auction revenue usage, and vehicle purchase timing. VQPs should be used to help but not to replace travel demand management. As more cities in China adopt VQPs, this research can inform future policy making.
Risk Prediction for Curve Speed Warning by Considering Human, Vehicle, and Road Factors
Authors: Sun Chuan , Wu Chaozhong , Chu Duanfeng , Zhong Ming , Hu Zhaozheng , Ma Jie
Published: March 2016

Current curve speed warning systems take into account mostly vehicle and road factors but not driver behavior. The systems aim at detecting sideslips of small cars on curves without consideration of rollovers for vehicles with an elevated center of gravity. In this study, a curve speed model that considers human, vehicle, and road factors is built to prevent not only sideslips but also rollover accidents for vehicles with an elevated center of gravity. In addition, a risk prediction model is presented to judge accident risk levels and determine levels of warning. Finally, the effectiveness of the presented system is validated with one skilled driver who carries out one test through a simulator under different curve scenarios. To verify the system, data from simulator tests were collected for offline checking of the system. The data were used to calculate safe speeds by using the curve speed model and to determine the levels of risk based on the risk prediction model. The results show that the system is highly compatible with the skilled driver in terms of warning accuracy and timing. Specifically, the correct alarm rate (i.e., the driver brakes and the system’s alarm goes off) of the system is 83.57% and the error alarm rate (i.e., the driver does not brake but the system’s alarm goes off) is 9.79%. Moreover, more than 80% of the time the difference between the system warning time and the operating time of the skilled driver is less than 2 s.
Evaluation of Fluctuating Speed and Lateral Movement of Vehicles: Comparison Between Mixed Traffic and Homogeneous Traffic
Authors: Chand Sai , Dixit Vinayak , Waller S. Travis
Published: March 2016

Urban roads in developing countries become congested more often because of the substantial lateral movement of vehicles and fluctuations in speed. Popular microscopic models such as car-following and lane-changing models are not suitable for the analysis of such traffic conditions unless some modifications accounting for heterogeneity are included. However, there seems to be an underlying mechanism behind the fluctuations that needs to be investigated thoroughly. The Hurst exponent concept of chaos theory was used to identify the hidden trends in vehicular movement. Real-life trajectory data from an urban arterial in Chennai, India, were analyzed and then compared with a homogeneous data set in the United States. The Hurst exponent for mixed traffic was found to be significantly less than that for the homogeneous data; this finding indicated the strong trends of lateral movement and speed in homogeneous traffic. The variation of Hurst exponents with vehicle type and average lateral positions was explored in mixed traffic. Results from this study will help modelers propose better microscopic simulation models accounting for the fluctuations in speed and lateral movement.
Effects of Polyethylene Glycol on Renal Functional Parameters in Rats
Authors: Rafiq Kazi , Mori Hirohito , Sherajee Shamshad J , Kobara Hideki , Nishiyama Noriko , Nishiyama Akira
Published: March 2016

Background: The use of polyethylene glycol (PEG) is increasing day by day in various purposes by pharmaceutical industries as well as its anti-colonic cancer effects in clinical diseases.Objective: To evaluate the effects of PEG on renal functional and morphological parameters in rats.Methods: Six weeks age matched Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with either vehicle (2 mL of 5% dist. water in saline/kg, i.p. twice daily, n=6), or PEG 400 (2 mL of 5% PEG 400 in saline/kg, i.p. twice daily, n=6). After three weeks treatment all rats were subjected to uninephrectomy (UNX) and continued the treatment for further two weeks. Unpaired t test was used for statistical significance.Results: Before and after uninephrectomy intraperitoneal injection of PEG 400 did not alter systolic blood pressure, renal blood flow, body weight gain and twenty-four hours urine protein excretion rate compared to control rats, however, three weeks after UNX urine protein excretion rate were increased in both groups and was not significant. Intraperitoneal PEG 400 treatment significantly increased twenty-four hours water intake and urine volume compared to control rats. Histopathological evaluation of renal section by periodic acid Schiff staining, Massens trichrom staining and desmin staining did not show any morphological changes compared to control rats.Conclusion: Renal functional and morphological status did not show significant alterations after intraperitoneal injection of PEG for three weeks of uninephrectomized rats. Therefore, present finding suggested that PEG 400 may not have any adverse effects on renal functional as well as morphological parameters in rat.Bangladesh Soc Physiol. 2015, December; 10(2): 61-66
Screening and genotyping of group B streptococcus in pregnant and non-pregnant women in Turkey
Authors: Alp Feyza , Findik Duygu , Dagi Hatice Turk , Arslan Ugur , Pekin Aybike Tazegul , Yilmaz Setenay Arzu
Published: March 2016

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to investigate group B streptococcus (GBS) colonization, to compare the methods, to determine the relationship between GBS carriage and risk factors, and to genotype the GBS isolates. Methodology: Recto-vaginal swab specimens were obtained from 500 women, and a questionnaire was administered to each to assess their risk factors for GBS carriage. A culture, GBS antigen test, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed on all samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed, and the clonal relationship was determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) on all viable isolates. Results: Of the 500 women, sixty-eight (13.6%) women were GBS carriers, of whom 9.8% were pregnant and 16.5% not. There was a significant difference between GBS carriage and history of premature rupture of membrane (PROM). GBS was isolated from 65 (13%) samples. GBS was positive in 70 (14%) samples by antigen test and in 62 (12.4%) by PCR. Sixty-eight of the 70 positive antigen tests were confirmed by PCR or culture. Fifty-five isolates were resistant to tetracycline, 16 to erythromycin and clindamycin, and 13 to levofloxacin. Thirteen different pulsotypes and 17 sporadic strains were determined by PFGE. Conclusions: GBS carriage rate in non-pregnant women was higher than in pregnant women. The GBS antigen test was more sensitive than culture and PCR. GBS isolates did not originate from a single clone and contained sporadic strains. There was a significant difference between GBS carriage and history of PROM. Epidemiologic data obtained in this study will help future studies.