bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MIB-Inquiry-Infographic Android Application and Its Impact on Students' Critical Thinking Skills during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Supahar Supahar , Baihaqi Habibah Khusna , Putranta Himawan , Latumakulita Ivandra Immanuela , Pribadi Farchan Oktavianto , Religia Racy
Published: January 2024

Momentum-impulse requires critical thinking skills, and teaching should be encouraging for students. Critical thinking skills can be fostered through inquiry-based learning. During the COVID-19 pandemic, familiar learning media were used for students. Therefore, it is necessary to develop creative learning media. This developmental research aimed to create a momentum-impulse e-book based on inquiry supported by infographics (MIB -In-graph) to enhance students' critical thinking skills. The developmental model was a 4D model with field testing, i.e., a pretest-posttest control group design with three classes. Descriptive analysis showed that MIB-In-graph, an Android application, received a good average rating in content, worksheets, and forms. Students’ responses were very positive. Mixed design ANOVA showed that the mean score of students’ critical thinking skills increased significantly from the pretest to the posttest in each class and students’ critical thinking skills in the experimental class was more salient than control class 1 and control class 2. The highest difference in mean scores was in the experimental class. The differences were influenced by various factors such as learning approaches, media use, pictures, and collaboration.
Lecture-Based and Project-Based Approaches to Instruction, Classroom Learning Environment, and Deep Learning
Authors: Paleenud Inthira , Tanprasert Krittika , Waleeittipat Sakulkarn
Published: January 2024

Institutions of higher education generally employ both lecture-based and project-based approaches to instruction. This study aims to investigate which aspects of lectures and project-based instructional environments contribute to “deep” and “surface” approaches to student learning. We collected and compared survey data from undergraduate students taking a civil engineering course in which they were assigned to a section taught with lecture-based instruction (n = 181) or with project-based instruction (n = 142). Data analysis was performed after controlling for the effects of the motivational goal orientations of students. A positive correlation can be found between deep learning and higher levels of investigative culture and student involvement in the project-based classroom. Additionally, we found that higher levels of task orientation in the project-based classroom had an inverse correlation with a “surface approach”. We discussed the value of an investigative and participatory learning atmosphere for student approach to learning and its curricular implications for the design of project-based and lecture-based instruction.
Biological control of maize downy mildew with the antagonistic bacterial consortium
Authors: MUGIASTUTI ENDANG , MANAN ABDUL , SOESANTO LOEKAS
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Mugiastuti E, Manan A, Soesanto L. 2023. Biological control of maize downy mildew with the antagonistic bacterial consortium. Biodiversitas 24: 4644-4650. Downy mildew is one of the main diseases of maize, which is a limiting factor for maize production in Indonesia. With a consortium of maize-indigenous antagonist bacteria, biological control is expected to reduce downy mildew. The aim of this research was to determine the ability of three antagonistic bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens BB.R3, Bacillus subtilis BB.B4, Pseudomonas putida BB.R1 in suppressing spore germination of Peronoslerospora spp., and to evaluate the ability of their consortium in controlling downy mildew and promote the growth of maize. Based on the research results, antagonistic bacteria B. amyloliquefaciens BB.R3, B. subtilis BB.B4, and P. putida BB.R1 were able to suppress spore germination by 76.68-100%. The bacterial consortium of Bacillus subtilis BB. B4 + Pseudomonas putida BB.R1 was the best consortium of antagonistic bacteria and had the most potential to developed as a downy mildew control and promote the growth of maize. This bacterial consortium delayed the incubation period, lowered the intensity of the disease (85.77%) and AUDPC (83.02%), increased the content of phenols (tannins, glycosides, and saponins), and promoted plant growth (plant height 138.10%, the number of leaves 102.29%, root length 219.89%, fresh plant weight 1091.81%, and dry plant weight 1077.04%) compared to the control. Treatment with antagonistic bacteria showed better results compared to the fungicide metalaxyl. Based on the results, applying antagonistic bacteria consortium is a potential strategy to control maize downy mildew.
Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) fruit flesh and peel extracts
Authors: SUNDARI DEWI , HANDAYANI DESI SUCI , SURYANTI VENTY
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Sundari D, Handayani DS, Suryanti V. 2023. Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) fruit flesh and peel extracts. Biodiversitas 24: 4668-4675. Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook f. & Th.) has been utilized by royalty in Java, Indonesia as perfume, deodorant and anti-agingagent. S. burahol fruit flesh has diuretic properties and can helpavoid kidney irritation. S. buraholpossesses anti-hyperuricemia and xanthine oxidase inhibitory properties, as well as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. Chemical contents and biological activities of S. burahol fruit and peel extracts were investigated in the present study. Based on GC-MS spectra, methanol fruits extract contains dodecanoic acid-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester. Methanol peel extract contains hexadecanoic acid methyl ester; 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene and dodecanoic acid-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester. Ethyl acetate peel extract contains dodecanoic acid-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester. LC-MS analysis revealed that ethyl acetate fruit flesh extract contains pelargonidin-malonylrhamnoside (anthocyanins), 8-epiiridodial glucoside tetraacetate (isoprenoid), epigallocatechin gallate (catechin) and 5-octadecenal (fatty aldehydes). Ethyl acetate fruit peel extract contains 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (flavonoid), 1,6-di-o-galloylglucose (tannins), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (cynaroside),methyl hemiacetal in 3,4-DHPEA-EA (iridoids). Methanol extract of fruit flesh has strong antioxidant activity, whereas three other extracts have very strong antioxidant activities. S. burahol peel extract inhibited the S. aureus growth at a concentration extract of 15,000 to 25,000 ppm. These antioxidant and antibacterial activities are associated with the chemical composition of S. burahol fruit flesh and peel extracts. Further research into other biological functions and in vivo investigations are required for future studies.
Seed morphometry of Rheum L. (Polygonaceae) species from Kazakhstan and its implications in taxonomy and species identification
Authors: SUMBEMBAYEV AIDAR A. , LAGUS OLGA A. , NOWAK SŁAWOMIR
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Sumbembayev AA, Lagus OA, Nowak S. 2023. Seed morphometry of Rheum L. (Polygonaceae) species from Kazakhstan and its implications in taxonomy and species identification. Biodiversitas 24: 4677-4692. In the article, the evaluation of morphometric and weight parameters of seeds of 7 species of the genus Rheum L. from Kazakhstan is presented, as well as an analysis of their biometric parameters from different ecological and geographical habitats. The purpose of the study was to determine the variability of the seeds of the studied taxa and the importance of the results in determining the taxonomic relationships within the genus. The external structure was described for all species of the genus. Seeds of all studied species are illustrated with photos and scale drawings, and their features are summarized in a table. Stable and taxonomically significant features were identified for the species of the section Ribesiformia, represented by R. cordatum and R. maximowiczii, allowing their identification. The correlation between seed metric parameters and environmental conditions of the site and growth area was established and found a significant relationship between morphometric data and most of the environmental factors studied. The low adaptive potential of rhubarb species in Kazakhstan and the species' narrow ecological range were found. The comparison of the results obtained with the taxonomic relationships and phylogeny of representatives of the genus are briefly discussed.
Abanfan matilon, a local wisdom in marine ethnoconservation system on the coast of Liki Island, Sarmi District, Papua, Indonesia
Authors: KEILUHU HENDERINA JOSEFINA , SUJARTA PUGUH , SUHARNO SUHARNO , MAILISSA MARZELINE G. , HADISUSANTO SUWARNO , YULIANA SARAH , SETYAWAN AHMAD DWI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Keiluhu HJ, Sujarta P, Suharno, Mailissa MG, Hadisusanto S, Yuliana S, Setyawan AD. 2023. Abanfan matilon, a local wisdom in marine ethnoconservation system on the coast of Liki Island, Sarmi District, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4693-4701. Liki Island is the outermost part of Sarmi District, Papua, Indonesia, which is directly facing the Pacific Ocean and bordering Papua New Guinea. This island is unique in its geographical features and is characterized by the local wisdom of the people known as Abanfan matilon. Therefore, this study aimed to document the knowledge, participation of people, and the role of the local wisdom of Abanfan matilon in the marine ethnoconservation system. The study was conducted from June to November 2022 using a survey method based on semi-structural interviews. The results of the study of 50 respondents showed that (i) the community knowledge about local wisdom of Abanfan matilon, possed by the Liki Island village community, had transcended from one generation to another through oral stories from parents, (ii) the role of the community in implementing local wisdom was substantial, starting from the planning, preparation, and implementation up to the harvesting activities through local traditional ceremonies, and (iii) the implementation of local wisdom of Abanfan matilon was carried out by community leaders from various sectors, including traditional, church, or local government. In conclusion, local wisdom traditions in Abanfan matilon exhibited the characteristics of a marine ethnoconservation system.
The knowledge, attitude and practice of local Sabahan in Malaysia on Sunda pangolin
Authors: Jomes Elsiey Ercy , Tuh Fred , Lintangah Walter , Sompud Jephte
Published: January 2024

The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species listed Sunda pangolin (Manis javanica) as critically endangered and remained among the most traded mammals and other pangolin species. In Malaysia, various conservation works on this species have been conducted these past years through government and NGO works. Nevertheless, their population is still declining despite all the efforts. To date, little to nothing is known about the local perception regarding the Sunda pangolin conservation. Therefore, through the Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) approach, this study evaluates Sabahan’s awareness level regarding the Sunda pangolin conservation. A total of 109 respondents were interviewed from all across Malaysia to investigate their perception of Sunda Pangolin conservation. The KAP index score shows that respondents’ attitude toward Sunda Pangolin conservation is the highest (93.34%), followed by Knowledge (81.15%) and Practice (79.63%), of which all three fall within good KAP score. They also agreed that spreading awareness and being proactive in supporting conservation work helps to prevent this species from extinction. Interestingly, the correlation analysis using Spearman rho’s coefficient shows a positive relationship between KA and education but not for Practice. Generally, Malaysians had a positive understanding of the Sunda pangolin’s current status and the legal information regarding this species. This research may help improve species conservation strategies, particularly in Sabah, Malaysia. There is an urgent need to improve the Sunda pangolin conservation program in the future. Factors that influence Practice needs to be identified and scrutinized. Public awareness is not the only factor that needs to be considered for improvement in conservation works. More importantly, the people who work in the conservation field.
Microbial diversity in pesticidal and non-pesticidal paddy soil microbiomes
Authors: SUSANTI R. , KENARNI NAINA RIZKI , JAYA ADI FRANATA , NISA’ FARAH FITROTUN , MUKAROMAH RISKA LAILA , WIDIATNINGRUM TALITHA , MARTUTI NANA KARIADA TRI , RAHAYUNINGSIH MARGARETA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Susanti R, Kenarni NR, Jaya AF, Nisa’ FF, Mukaromah RL, Widiatningrum T, Martuti NKT, Rahayuningsih M. 2023. Microbial diversity in pesticidal and non-pesticidal paddy soil microbiomes. Biodiversitas 24: 4723-4730. The use of pesticides can affect the physical and chemical properties of paddy soil. Soil physical and chemical properties can indicate soil quality because they affect soil microbial activity. This study used an exploratory observational method to analyze the diversity and abundance of microbes in the soil microbiome of pesticide paddy fields (PPF) and non-pesticide paddy fields (PF). The PPF samples were taken from Purwosari Village, Mijen Subdistrict, Semarang City, while the PF samples were taken from Tambangan Village, Mijen Subdistrict, Semarang City. Soil samples were taken for chemical and metagenomic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene marker region V3-V4. The results showed that microbial PPF diversity was higher than PF's based on the Shannon and Simpson index. The PPF microbiome is dominated by 3 bacterial phyla, namely Proteobacteria (26.61%), Actinobacteriota (15.13%) and Acidobacteriota (11.44%). Meanwhile, the PF microbiome was dominated by Proteobacteria (28.73%), Acidobacteriota (12.80%), and Chloroflexi (11.41%). The Archaea phylum that dominates PPF are Halobacterota (62.78%), Euryarchaeota (20.82%), and Crenarchaeota (10.89%), while in PF it is dominated by Halobacterota (80.43%), Crenarchaeota (11.03%) and Euryarchaeota (5.04%). The phylum that plays an important role in the biodegradation of organochlorine pesticides is Actinobacteria, which dominates in PPF; low abundance of Nitrospirota in PPF as a bioindicator of organochlorine pesticide contamination.
The potential of invasive species Praxelis clematidea extract as a bioherbicide for Asystasia gangetica
Authors: WARDINI TRIMURTI HESTI , AFIFA INAS NUHA , ESYANTI RIZKITA RACHMI , ASTUTININGSIH NOVI TRI , PUJISISWANTO HIDAYAT
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Wardini TH, Afifa IN, Esyanti RR, Astutiningsih NT, Pujisiswanto AH. 2023. The potential of invasive species Praxelis clematidea extract as a bioherbicide for Asystasia gangetica. Biodiversitas 24: 4738-4746. The occurrence of weeds in agriculture directly impacts crop productivity, and the reliance on synthetic herbicides to solve the problem has raised concerns about the increasing environmental damage. Using bioherbicides to control weeds is necessary to reduce the negative impact of synthetic herbicides. Bioactive compounds derived from plants can be utilized to develop eco-friendly herbicides. Praxelis clematidea extract was reported to exhibit allelopathic activity against weeds. This study aims to evaluate the potential of P. clematidea extract as a bioherbicide to control seed germination and seedling growth of Asystasia gangetica weed. P. clematidea water extract was screened for its chemical compounds and determined its phytotoxic effects on Asystasia gangetica. The results showed that P. clematidea water extract contained phenolics, alkaloids, and terpenoids. P. clematidea extract suppressed seed germination, the time needed for seed germination, sprout length, number of leaves, biomass, and total chlorophyll contents. LC50values for the seed germination, seedling, root, and shoot growth were calculated at 9%, 25%, 11%,and 37% (v/v), respectively. Thus, P. clematidea could be used as an A. gangetica weed biocontrol agent and might be integrated into weed management programs.
Arthropods discovered on refugio flowering plants in Mangifera indica plantation
Authors: WINDRIYANTI WIWIN , RAHMADHINI NONI , FERNANDO ITO , KUSUMA RAMADHANI MAHENDRA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Windriyanti W, Rahmadhini N, Fernando I, Kusuma RM. 2023. Arthropods discovered on refugio flowering plants in Mangifera indica plantation. Biodiversitas 24: 4747-4754. The diversity of Refugio flowering plants with different ways of flowering phenology provides alternative food sources for arthropods. Insects are the largest class of arthropods, most of which are ecological services that function as natural enemies and pollinators. Insects require an energy source over a long-term period to promote a stable and healthy population. The use of flowering plants as refugia can maximize the role of insects as ecological services in agroecosystems by providing natural enemies and pollinators with a source of food and shelter. The refugia plants used in this study were sunflowers (Helianthus annuus), king’s salad (Cosmos caudatus), Peruvian zinnia (Zinnia peruviana), Tridax procumbens (Asteraceae), and Alternanthera sessilis (Amaranthaceae) with hedgerow and insectary bank planting patterns. Data collection and periodic direct observation (scan sampling) were conducted by transects. Observed parameters included species composition and population of arthropods in two different agro-systems, monoculture and polyculture. Identification results showed 8 orders, including 44 morphospecies, belonging to 25 families. Arthropod abundance in the on-season of the refugia was found in 1422 individuals. Ecological engineering is a habitat manipulation technology using refugia plants that has increased the composition and population of natural enemy insects and pollinators.
Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi to eggs, larvae, and adults and their effects on development of Aedes albopictus
Authors: RAMAYANTI INDRI , HERLINDA SITI , MUSLIM AHMAD , HASYIM HAMZAH , ANWAR CHAIRIL , SUWANDI SUWANDI , DAMIRI NURHAYATI , IRSAN CHANDRA , VERAWATY MARIESKA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Ramayanti I, Herlinda S, Muslim A, Hasyim H, Anwar C, Suwandi S, Damiri N, Irsan C, Verawaty M. 2023. Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi to eggs, larvae, and adults and their effects on development of Aedes albopictus. Biodiversitas 24: 4766-4774. No information is available on the effect of fungi on the development of Aedes albopictus and the effectiveness of fungi in killing its eggs, larvae, and adults. The aim of this research was to determine the pathogenicity of entomopathogenic fungi on the eggs, larvae, and adults of Ae. albopictus and to investigate the effects of the fungi on the development of Ae. albopictus. The fungal species identified molecularly were Aedes albopictus, Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Penicillium citrinum, and Talaromyces diversus. The results showed that entomopathogenic fungi negatively affected the development of Ae. albopictus and could decrease the eggs laid by adult females and shorten adult longevity. M. anisopliae was the most pathogenic fungal species (mortality rate 100%) for eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults of Ae. albopictus. However, B. bassiana, P. citrinum, and T. diversus were also found pathogenic to them. The effect of eggs treated with entomopathogenic fungi negatively affected the larval, pupal, and adult stages of Ae. albopictus. These findings highlighted that M. anisopliae, B. bassiana, P. citrinum, and T. diversus have insecticidal activity against Ae. albopictus eggs, larvae, pupae, and adults. Therefore, further investigation is needed to develop these fungal species into ovicides, larvicides, and adulticides to control Ae. albopictus.
Stock status and supporting species of anchovy fisheries in the northern of East Java, Indonesia
Authors: WIADNYA DEWA GEDE RAKA , HARLYAN LEDHYANE IKA , RAHMAN MUHAMMAD ARIF , MUSTIKARANI SRI MARTA ISNAINIK , NADHIROH EVI NUR SOKHIKHATUN , TAUFANI WIWIET TEGUH
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Wiadnya DGR, Harlyan LI, Rahman MA, Mustikarani SMI, Nadhiroh ENS, Taufani WT. 2023. Stock status and supporting species of anchovy fisheries in the northern of East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4775-4782. Anchovy, a commercial fish with high demand in local and international markets, was selected as the Unit of Assessment (UoA) of the Fisheries Improvement Project (FIP) based on the priority fisheries consultation process under the Marine Stewardship Council certification in Indonesia. One of the criteria is the availability of stock status and information about supporting species. This research was conducted from January to May 2022 at Lekok Fishing Port, Pasuruan, and Karangagung Fishing Port, Tuban, using primary data collection methods, including a fishery survey to obtain data species composition data and fishing coordinates. The secondary data were the catch-effort data from 2013 to 2021 collected from both fishing ports. Data analysis was carried out by the surplus production models, Schaefer and Fox model, to determine the total allowable catch (TAC) and the exploitation rates of anchovy fisheries. The participatory mapping method was carried out to obtain data on the distribution of fishing grounds and catch composition. The exploitation rate of anchovy (Stolephorus commersonnii) and large anchovy (Encrasicholina punctifer) landed in the Lekok fishing port was 76% and 75% (moderate), respectively. In this situation, fishing efforts can still be increased, as TAC value for anchovy fisheries' sustainability. On the other hand, the exploitation rate of anchovy in the northern waters of Tuban is 105% (over-exploited), which is necessary to reduce fishing efforts for its sustainability. The classification of supporting species resulted in 19 identified species in the Lekok fishing port, covering three target species: two endangered threatened and protected (ETP) species, two main primary species, six minor primary species, one major secondary species, and five minor secondary species. While in Karangagung fishing port, eight species were identified, consisting of 1 major primary species, five minor primary species, and two minor secondary species. The supporting species' information is required to complete FIP Anchovy fisheries.
Phytochemical analysis in conjunction with in vitro a-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of three Diospyros species from East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: RAMADHAN RICO , ROSYIDAH NISA’UR , FIRDAUS YAZDANIYAR FAJRI HALIMI , KURNIA IRMAYANTI TRI , LESTARI DINDA AYU , PHONTREE KIETTIPUM , PHUWAPRAISIRISAN PREECHA , RIYADI LUKMAN , RAHMAN ARRIZAL , ABDULGANI NURLITA , MARETNA SILVI ARUM , FADHILA KAYLA NAULIA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Ramadhan R, Rosyidah N, Firdaus YFH, Kurnia IT, Lestari DA, Phontree K, Phuwapraisirisan P, Riyadi L, Rahman A, Abdulgani N, Maretna SA, Fadhila KN. 2023. Phytochemical analysis in conjunction with in vitro a-glucosidase inhibitory and antioxidant activities of three Diospyros species from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4783-4790. Locals who live in forested areas have long relied on Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) for their traditional ceremonies, food, and medicine. As non-timber forest products, medicinal plants are of interest since they are used by locals in East Kalimantan regions, Indonesia, for local traditional medicine. In the search for new potential antidiabetics and antioxidants created from natural resources, the authors concentrated on medicinal plants traditionally used in East Kalimantan and ethnopharmacological data. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the dual roles of non-timber forest products, such as three Diospyros L. species, in a-glucosidase inhibition, antioxidant (free radical scavenging activity against DPPH and ABTS), and CUPRAC in-vitro activities. This study showed that the strongest a-glucosidase inhibitory activity was found in ethyl acetate and ethanol residue extracts of Diospyros celebica Bakh., with IC50 values of 4.5804±0.14 ug/mL and 3.8236±0.19 ug/mL respectively, which were more potent than quercetin as a positive standard. Additionally, the antioxidant test revealed that leaf extracts of three Diospyros species from East Kalimantan are excellent sources of natural antioxidants, as demonstrated by the SC50 values. The findings of this study support and validate the use of leaf extracts of three Diospyros species in traditional East Kalimantan medicine.
Genetic characterization of superior durian (Durio zibethinus L.) accessions in Batang District, Central Java, Indonesia based on ISSR markers
Authors: AMRULLAH MUHAMMAD ISBAT , RAHAYU ENNI SUWARSI , PUWANTOYO ELING , MAHARANI RIA IKA , SOLICHIN SOLICHIN , SRIYADI SRIYADI , HADIPRASETYA TRI YANUAR , RETNONINGSIH AMIN
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Amrullah MI, Rahayu ES, Puwantoyo E, Maharani RI, Solichin, Sriyadi, Hadiprasetya TY, Retnoningsih A. 2023. Genetic characterization of superior durian (Durio zibethinus L.) accessions in Batang District, Central Java, Indonesia based on ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 24: 4811-4819. Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) has the highest level of genetic diversity in the genus of Durio. The genetic diversity of D. zibethinus in Batang District, Central Java, Indonesia needs to be explored to obtain data on superior durian accessions that are adaptive in the area. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of 40 superior durian accessions from 13 locations in Batang District using 10 Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) primers. Genomic DNA was isolated from leaves using a modified CTAB method. PCR products were electrophoresed on 2% agarose and yielded 161 ISSR alleles with a percentage of 100% polymorphic alleles. The level of genetic diversity based on Nei's gene diversity and Shannon's Information index are 0.277 and 0.434, respectively. The durian accessions studied have a similarity coefficient of 0.22-0.86 and are divided into two main clusters. Siwatu 1 and Siwatu 2 accessions have the highest genetic similarity coefficient (0.86), while Butternuts and Watu Tembogo 1 accessions show the lowest genetic similarity coefficient (0.05). Specific alleles were found in 11 durian accessions. The molecular characterization results show the high genetic diversity of superior durian accessions in Batang District and add to the list of local superior durian accessions in Indonesia.
The cooperation of microorganisms, bacteria, mold, yeast, and Actinomycetes consortium on decomposition of household organic waste in lowering C/N ratio
Authors: PRIHASTINI LILIS , RAMELAN ARI HANDONO , SETYONO PRABANG , PRANOTO PRANOTO
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Prihastini L, Ramelan AH, Setyono P, Pranoto. 2023. The cooperation of microorganisms, bacteria, mold, yeast, and Actinomycetes consortium on decomposition of household organic waste in lowering C/N ratio. Biodiversitas 24: 4862-4869. This study aimed to investigate the effective management of household waste that can lead to environmental pollution when not appropriately managed. Composting has emerged as a promising, cost-effective, and sustainable solution to address the issue of organic waste management. Furthermore, this study identified the best bioinoculants with the ability to lower the C/N ratio on the decomposition of household organic waste. It was performed with Factorial Completely Randomized Design A×B, where the A factor was bioinoculant formulas (16 formulas) and the B was the decomposition period (0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks). The decomposition process was conducted at the 0, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th weeks with the C/N ratio examination. The collected data were subjected to ANOVA testing and further analyzed using the Duncan test. The results showed the lowest C/N ratio with the addition of bioinoculant code A14 (14.87) and the highest C/N reduction percentage with the addition of bioinoculant code A14 (82.7%). The best bioinoculant was treatment with A14, namely the combination of the mold consortium, yeast, and Actinomycetes. However, treatment with the addition of A14 code bioinoculant was no different from A13 code since both have the same lowercase code (i). The A13 code treatment was not significantly different from A8 since both had the same lowercase code (h).
Nutrition composition of commercial full-fat and defatted black soldier fly larvae meal (Hermetia illucens) as a potential protein resource for aquafeeds
Authors: SAPUTRA ISHAAQ , LEE YIH NIN
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Saputra I, Lee YN. 2023. Nutrition composition of commercial full-fat and defatted black soldier fly larvae meal (Hermetia illucens) as a potential protein resource for aquafeeds. Biodiversitas 24: 4877-4884. Black Soldier Fly or BSF (Hermetia illucens) is one of the most researched insect species for its potential as a protein source in aquafeeds. In the present study, two commercially available full-fat and defatted BSF larvae were analyzed in terms of nutrition profiles including proximate composition, amino acids, fatty acids, and mineral contents. The defatted BSF was in the form of a meal and the full-fat BSF was in the form of overdried. The full-fat BSF larvae were ground using a food-grade milling machine and strained to obtain small particles. BSFL meals were then sent for laboratory analysis. Results indicated that the defatted BSFL have higher crude protein content than full-fat BSF, with crude protein value of 47.70% and 30.72%, respectively. In contrast, the crude lipid in the full-fat BSFL was 36.20%, higher than in defatted BSFL, with only 8.11% lipid content. The amino acids analysis indicated that only histidine was the amino acid that was higher in defatted BSF than in full-fat BSF. The availability of fatty acids in defatted BSFL was lower than in full-fat BSF. On the contrary, the Ca, Na, mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu in defatted BSF were higher than in the full-fat BSFL. In conclusion, full-fat and defatted BSF have comparable nutrition value to fishmeal sourced from bycatch fishes and the defatting process of BSFL improves the nutritional composition of BSFL including protein and amino acids. Therefore, it can be used as information for the correct choice of BSFL used in aquafeeds.
Curcuma suraponii sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae), a new species of Curcuma subgen. Curcuma from Thailand
Authors: BOONMA THAWATPHONG
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Boonma T. 2023. Curcuma suraponii sp. nov. (Zingiberaceae), a new species of Curcuma subgen. Curcuma from Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 4885-4895. A new species, Curcuma suraponii Boonma sp. nov. has been collected in Tak Province, Northern Thailand during an exploration of Zingiberaceae diversity. This species belongs to the family Zingiberaceae and the genus Curcuma subgen. Curcuma. The plant materials were collected from their natural habitats and measurements were recorded from both living and preserved specimens. This species bears resemblance to Curcuma rubrobracteata Škorni?ková, Sabu & Prasanth, but differs in certain morphological characteristics and does not match any existing species. Therefore, the author described it as a new species to science under the name Curcuma suraponii Boonma. The description includes detailed information on its morphological characteristics, supported by illustrations, and provides the vernacular name, ecology, phenology, traditional utilization, conservation status, distribution map, and a comparative table to highlight its differences with allied species. Additionally, a revised key of 29 species within the Curcuma subgen. Curcuma in Thailand is also presented.
Role of soil parameters in forest clove (Syzygium obtusifolium) habitat and their effects on phenology and production
Authors: KAMSURYA MARWAN YANI , BOTANRI SAMIN , KAMARUDDIN KAMARUDDIN , HULOPI FAUZIA , LAHABI MUIMUNA , DJUMAT JUNI LA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Kamsurya MY, Bontari S, Kamaruddin, Hulopi F, Lahabi M, Djumati JL. 2023. Role of soil parameters in forest clove (Syzygium obtusifolium) habitat and their effects on phenology and production. Biodiversitas 24: 4910-4918. Forest cloves (Syzygium obtusifolium L.) are a type of non-aromatic clove that originally grew wild and are now starting to be cultivated. This study aimed to examine role of soil chemical and physical parameters in clove plant habitat and their influence on flowering phenology and production. The experiment was carried out on the island of Ambon Maluku, for a duration of 17 months from January 2020 - May 2021. A survey was conducted on forest clove plant cultivated by farmers aged between 10-15, and five observation locations were selected using the purposive sampling method. Soil analysis was performed at the Laboratory of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Hasanuddin Makassar, while observational data were analyzed using principal component regression analysis (PCRA). The results showed that soil chemical parameters contributed 14.89% to forest clove plant habitat, with the N and Ca content providing the highest contribution of 3.49% and 3.26% respectively. The contribution of physical parameters amounted to 8.09%, with sand particles exhibiting the highest value of 2.43%. Furthermore, PCRA results found that soil chemical parameters influenced the phenology of forest clove flowering by 21.8%. The relationship between the independent variables (X1 to X5) and flowering phenology (Y) had a correlation (R) of 0.47, while the physical parameters exerted an influence reaching 79.4% with an R-value of 0.89. The average production of fresh and dry clove flowers from forest clove plant was 50.3 and 20.1 kg/plant, respectively.
The first occurrence of Kemp’s Ridley turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) in Raja Ampat, Indonesia
Authors: WIDAYSARI FERLIANA , NUGROHO AJI , ARAFAT GULAM , SUNOKO RAHMADI , WAHYUDIN RUDI ALEX , SAYUTI MOHAMMAD , BAKKULA ELISA , BALLAMU FERDIEL
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Widaysari F, Nugroho A, Arafat G, Sunoko R, Wahyudin RA, Sayuti M, Bakkula E, Ballamu F. 2023. The first occurrence of Kemp’s Ridley turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) in Raja Ampat, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4934-4942. Territory Indonesian waters are one of the waters in Southeast Asia that have been a turtle habitat; six of the seven types of turtles live in these waters, and Kemp ridley's turtle (Lepidochelys kempii) is the seventh reported to have recently emerged. The research objectives of the study were to identify the area location emergence of Kemp’s Ridley turtle, determine morphology, and release Kemp’s Ridley turtle. Location identification was based on the Raja Ampat District Central Statistics Agency data. Visual identification of turtles proceeds by looking at their morphology, namely carapace shape, number of vertebral and costal scutes, the form of the plastron, number of inframarginal scutes, and appearance of head shape juxtaposed on External Morphology. The water area where Kemp’s Ridley turtle was found had a constant temperature, moderate wind speed, high humidity, and rainfall. The results of identifying the turtle morphology matched Kemp’s Ridley turtle. After outreach to the community, Kemp’s Ridley turtles were released into nature. The first appearance of the Kemp’s Ridley turtle in Indonesia is undoubtedly an exciting study material for further study regarding the migration map, distribution, and other factors that cause changes in its migration.
Production competitiveness of regional sorghum genotypes against new, enhanced varieties and their morphological traits in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: MUAZAM ARIF , DARYONO BUDI SETIADI , KRISTAMTINI KRISTAMTINI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Muazam A, Daryono BS, Kristamtini. 2023. Production competitiveness of regional sorghum genotypes against new, enhanced varieties and their morphological traits in Gunung Kidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4943-4948. Sorghum is an important cereal crop after rice, maize, wheat and barley. Sorghum can be a potential local food to support national food security and to anticipate the threat of a world food crisis. One effort that can be made is to optimize the land by using adaptive sorghum varieties planted during the rainy season. Various new superior varieties have been released through the Ministry of Agriculture, but the germplasm with a potential to be local food has not been utilized optimally. Several studies on sorghum have been carried out from both cultivation and post-harvest aspects, but to continue the research relay and to participate in meeting national food needs, characterization of local varieties needs to be carried out as a first step in plant breeding activities. This study aims to determine the performance of six genotypes of new high-yielding sorghum varieties and local varieties grown during the rainy season in Karangmojo Village, Karangmojo Sub-district, Gunungkidul District, Yogyakarta Province, from October 2022 to March 2023. The design used was a Randomized Block Complete Design, with 5 repetitions. The results showed the significantly different effect of genotypes on the parameters of plant height, panicle length, panicle width, 1000 seed weight, flowering age, stem diameter, harvesting age, panicle weight per plot, and production per hectare.
Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of crab (Scylla spp.) from East Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: FANGGI FANGGI , HARDI ESTI HANDAYANI , NIKHLANI ANDI , MAHENDRA ANTON PANJI , NOVITA NOVITA , NOERHIDAYANTI FITRI
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Fanggi, Hardi EH, Nikhlani A, Mahendra AP, Tarbiyah, Novita, Noerhidayanti F. 2023. Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of crab (Scylla spp.) from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4998-5006. Mud crab (Scylla spp.) is a direct export commodity to China from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The majority of crabs are caught wild by traditional farmers in some districts. Early detection of crab quality is required to prevent the rejection of mud crab export products due to size, heavy metals, and infections. Fifteen samples from 15 farms in Balikpapan, Indonesia, were evaluated for physical parameters (weight, carapace width, sex, completeness of morphology, and identification of species), chemical parameters (Cu, Pb, Mg, Cd, and As), and biological parameters for the detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). The crab catches are from Kutai Kartanegara, Paser, and Penajam Paser Utara Districts. The physical examination of the crabs revealed a weight of 441.73±88.14 g, a carapace width of 11.92±0,59 cm, sexes of 14 males and 1 female, species including Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775), Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796), Scylla paramamosain (Estampador, 1950), and Scylla tranquebarica (Fabricius, 1798), and 93.3% of the crabs had morphological completeness. The chemical examination of heavy metals, including Cu, Pb, Mg, Cd, and As, is still limited to fish products, while Fe has passed the quality standard, and WSSV has infected no crabs. The investigation found that 40% of East Kalimantan Province crab exports did not meet carapace width criteria. No WSSV pathogen was found in the samples. However, crab meat Fe concentration exceeded requirements.
Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and their antioxidant capacity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza accessions from Jambi
Authors: ASYHAR RAYANDRA , MINARNI MINARNI , ARISTA RINI ANGGI , NURCHOLIS WARAS
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Asyhar R, Minarni M, Arista RA, Nurcholis W. 2023. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents and their antioxidant capacity of Curcuma xanthorrhiza accessions from Jambi. Biodiversitas 24: 5007-5014. Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., is an effective natural antioxidant and is widely used as a raw material for jamu in Indonesian traditional medicine. This study aims to evaluate the biochemical characteristics and antioxidant capacity of C. xanthorrhiza rhizome accessions. Ten accessions of C. xanthorrhiza rhizome from 10 districts in Jambi province were evaluated for total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoid (TFC) content and antioxidant capacity using four methods: 2,2-diphenyl picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2 azinobis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline) -6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and cupric reducing antioxidant power (CUPRAC). The content of total phenolic (TPC) and total flavonoids (TFC) varied from 1.74±0.085 to 18.72±1.47 mg GAE/g DW and 1.74±0.085 to 18.72±1.47 mg GAE/g DW, respectively. Antioxidant capacities ranged from 0.13-1.11, 0.72-4.14, 7.71-81.48, 18.37-211.68 µmol TE/g DW, assayed by DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and CUPRAC methods, respectively. Antioxidant activity was significantly correlated with the polyphenol content of C. xanthorrhiza rhizome accessions. Accession to C. xanthorrhiza rhizome with the code JSS, JBE, JG, and JK has the capacity for polyphenolic compounds (phenolics and flavonoids) and antioxidant capacity compared to other accessions, indicating that these accessions are promising for further breeding programs and commercial purposes.
Genetic similarity among Dendrobium species from Indonesia using RAPD markers
Authors: HARTATI SRI , SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI , CAHYONO ONGKO
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Hartati S, Samanhudi, Cahyono O. 2023. Genetic similarity among Dendrobium species from Indonesia using RAPD markers. Biodiversitas 24: 5015-5021. Dendrobium genus orchids are one of the most popular commodities in the world due to their diverse range of flower sizes, shapes, and colors. To enhance plant breeding programs and genetic resources, it is necessary to obtain information on genetic similarity between orchids of the Dendrobium genus through molecular analysis techniques. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the genetic similarity among five Dendrobium species using molecular markers, specifically RAPD. The plant material used was obtained from five species of the Dendrobium spp, namely (i) Dendrobium mirbelianum; (ii) Dendrobium lamellatum, (iii) Dendrobium secundum, (iv) Dendrobium bracteosum, and (v) Dendrobium purpureum. The analysis was carried out to determine the genetic diversity of the Dendrobium orchids using RAPD markers. A total of five RAPD primers were used for amplification, namely OPD 8, OPA 7, OPA 13, OPB 12, and OPB 18. The scoring data were analyzed using NTSYS-pc (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System) version 2.02 which produced data in the form of cluster dendrograms. The dendrogram that was constructed by Unweighted Pair Group Method Using Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) classified the five Dendrobium species into two main clusters. The results showed that there were two clusters, namely Cluster A consisting of D. mirbelianum, D. lamellatum, and D. secundum while Cluster B consisted of D. bracteosum and D. purpureum. Furthermore, the polymorphism of the five RAPD primers was very high, ranging from 91.6 to 100%, measuring 250-1900 bp. The coefficient of genetic similarity analyzed using the five RAPD primers ranged from 0.24 to 0.77. The species D. mirbelianum and D. lamellatum had a high coefficient of genetic similarity. Which can be discovered through parental selection in breeding program.
Differences in the vegetation dynamic patterns of three tropical secondary forests in South Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: PUTRA PUTU SUPADMA , YAMADA TOSHIHIRO , ACHMAD AMRAN , NASRI NASRI , HAMZAH ANDI SIADY , NGAKAN PUTU OKA
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Putra PS, Yamada T, Achmad A, Nasri N, Hamzah AS, Ngakan PO. 2023. Differences in the vegetation dynamic patterns of three tropical secondary forests in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5065-5073. Degraded forests experience dynamics that drive them towards stable ecological conditions as a result of the succession process. Understanding the dynamics of forests through succession is a requirement for secondary forest management activities. The purpose of this research was to uncover the dynamics of population, species composition, and dominance in three secondary tropical forest communities: (i) Karst forest, (ii) Lowland forest, and (iii) Pinus merkusii plantation forest. Permanent plots with areas tailored to the richness of each forest community were constructed, and vegetation studies were conducted annually from 2019 to 2022. The results revealed that the ten most dominant species in each plot shared only one species. The rest were exclusive to a single community. During the four years of research, 25 out of a total of 90 species (Karst), 27 out of a total of 68 species (Lowland), and 12 out of a total of 43 species (Pine) experienced dynamics in the form of an increase or decrease in population. Tree density decreased in the Karst plot and fluctuated slightly in the Lowland and Pine forest plots. Meanwhile, the basal area cover continued to increase during the 4 years of observation. Comparing age and pre-succession land use history, soil type and restoration history appear dominant in determining the forest dynamics.
Ultracentrifugation method for exosome isolation of HEK293 cells as a candidate model in-vitro therapy of breast cancer
Authors: AMELIDA RIZKI NOVA , MARIYA SILMI , ZAELANI BELLA FATIMA DORA , YULIANA YULIANA , DAYANA HEPY , DARUSMAN HUDA S.
Published: January 2024

Abstract. Amelida RN, Mariya S, Zaelani BFD, Yuliana, Dayana H, Darusman HS. 2023. Ultracentrifugation method for exosome isolation of HEK293 cells as a candidate model in-vitro therapy of breast cancer. Biodiversitas 24: 5074-5079. Exosomes are secreted by all cells and found in all body fluids, providing the biological system. They have great potential in cancer immunotherapy and have different roles and targets. The biological function of an exosome relies on its bioactive activities, supported by lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. Exosomes can be isolated by the ultracentrifugation method, widely used to produce exosomes from various sources and intended to pellet containing heterogeneous particles and the exosomes. In this study, we isolated exosomes derived from HEK293 cells using the ultracentrifugation method and applied directly in vitro to MCF-7 cells. The exosomes were added to the MCF-7 cells at various concentrations, 3,5 µg/mL, 7 µg/mL, and 14 µg/mL, evaluated using P53 and PCNA markers. The study showed that the exosomes had been successfully isolated; the concentration obtained was 24,95 µg/mL and expressed exosome markers CD9 and CD81. The MCF-7 cells were treated by exosome and demonstrated epithelial-like morphology. The cell population survived, but the confluency decreased at higher concentrations, as did viability. The marker of P53 and PCNA expression resulted from the effect of exosome treatment. The results indicate that the exosome can potentially inhibit the growth of breast cancer cells in vitro.