bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Moringa oleifera in South Africa: A review on its production, growing conditions and consumption as a food source
Authors: Mashamaite Chuene V. , Pieterse Petrus J. , Mothapo Palesa N. , Phiri Ethel E.
Published: March 2021

Moringa oleifera (moringa) trees excel mainly in tropical and sub-tropical regions and are known to thrive in a wide range of soil types. The recent rise in moringa production in various agro-ecological zones of South Africa could be attributed to its multiple benefits, including nutritional and medicinal properties. Since its introduction as a cultivated crop, there has been a growing interest from farmers, researchers and government on various aspects of the tree such as its morphology, chemistry, growing conditions, production, processing and utilisation. We reviewed the work done on moringa within the South African context in terms of production, growing conditions and cultivation practices. The involvement of government departments on moringa-oriented activities and its consumption as food were also reviewed. In addition, gaps were outlined on its utilisation that need to be addressed, and recommendations provided on what could be done to ensure successful production of moringa in South Africa.Significance:

This review highlights moringa research that has been done on growing conditions, production and human consumption in South Africa.
The review further addresses the potential commercialisation of moringa and existing knowledge gaps.
Percepções de mães adolescentes sobre aleitamento materno
Authors: Da Costa Ruth Silva lima , Rocha Elissandra Tainá da Costa , De Oliveira Eliza Lima , Chaves Melissa Maria Lima
Published: March 2021

OBJETIVO: Evidenciar as percepções de mães adolescentes frente à prática do aleitamento materno. MÉTODO: Estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa realizado junto a 10 mães adolescentes acompanhadas em uma unidade de saúde do Acre. A coleta de dados se deu por meio de entrevista semiestruturada e a análise pela técnica de análise do conteúdo de Bardin. RESULTADOS: Estruturado em três categorias: Conhecimento da mãe adolescente sobre o aleitamento materno; Realização de consultas de pré-natal e recebimento de orientações pelos profissionais de saúde sobre a importância de amamentar; e Dificuldades encontradas frente ao ato de amamentar. Para a maioria das adolescentes, o leite materno é muito importante, pois fornece ao bebê os nutrientes necessários para seu crescimento e desenvolvimento saudável. A maioria não lembrava a quantidade de consultas de pré-natal realizadas e afirmou ter recebido poucas orientações do profissional de saúde frente à temática. As principais dificuldades encontradas no ato de amamentar foram, a pega incorreta, fissuras mamilares, dores durante a mamada e a rejeição do bebê ao peito. CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS: As adolescentes demostraram possuir conhecimentos sobre a amamentação, porém acompanhamento insuficiente pelos profissionais de saúde, ficando evidente a necessidade de implementação de ações capazes de atender as necessidades desta população para evitar o desmame precoce.
Nursing Leadership Role in Pandemic
Authors:   Associate Professor, Pragyan College of Nursing Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, Pakhide Mrs. Vandana , Verma Mrs. Mamta ,   Associate Professor, College of Nursing, AIIMS, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
Published: March 2021

A Pandemic is an epidemic of disease that has spread across a large region, multiple continents orworldwide, COVID-19 is a large issue worldwide. A good nurse leader is someone who can inspireothers to work together in pursuit of a common goal, such as enhanced patient care. An effectiveleader has a distinctive set of personal qualities; integrity, courage, initiative and an ability to handlestress, and also taking the effort to think critically, set goals and skilfully communicates andcollaborate. Nurse’s leaders are faced with a variety of challenges in pandemics, including managingresources, advanced planning and goal setting, collaborating with other hospital and communityleaders, improving quality measures, cost-effectiveness, reporting to the board of directors, andmany more. Nurses as effective partners of the health care team, of necessity, have to meet thedemands of these changes adequately and appropriately in respect of their expanded and enrichedroles and responsibilities. Nurse leaders, however, are still confined within their nursing orbit, but,today they have to be visible and interactive members of the multi-disciplinary health team with avision and voice that can be heard. Methods: For the present review article collected a databasefrom Google scholar; search and scrutinize studies related to nurse’s leadership role duringpandemic and article related to Covid-19 outbreak, government, community effort and mitigationstrategies in reducing transmission. Result: Because it is a novel pandemic; results suggest thatmore researches are needed in this field related to driven factors, mitigation strategies and supportof governmental and non-governmental organizations. This review article is aimed that nursingleaders must continue to develop plans that can slow or prevent the progress of widespread illnessesand ensures that all client care provided by the team is carried out in keeping with the objectives ofthe health care organisation.
Extreme Risk Makes the Journey Feasible: Decision-Making amongst Migrants in the Horn of Africa
Authors: Bakewell Oliver , Sturridge Caitlin
Published: March 2021

This article explores how some potential migrants in the Horn of Africa incorporate the prospects of extreme danger into their journeys. It draws on evidence from qualitative interviews and focus group discussions with over 400 respondents, mainly from Ethiopian and Somali communities. It shows that the risks of migration within the Horn of Africa are often well known, thanks to strong migrant networks and improved mobile communications. Indeed, migrants may be better informed of the risks of the journey than they are about their prospects of securing a good living upon arrival. However, rather than discouraging people’s migration, high risk may open up new possibilities. This article supports this argument with two examples. First, as Yemen descended into civil war, the breakdown of state control created new opportunities to move undetected, notwithstanding the threat of injury and death. This helps explain why the number of Ethiopians passing through Yemen increased with the conflict, contrary to expectations. Second, some young Somalis are soliciting the services of smugglers to help them move towards Europe, knowing that they are likely to be abused and held for ransom en route. They gamble on their captors’ demands being met by family members, who would not otherwise have endorsed or paid for their journey. These findings challenge common assumptions about risk and decision-making, and suggests that some migrants may move because of, rather than in spite of, the risks involved. It also calls into question initiatives that seek to deter migration by raising awareness about the risks of the journey.
Socio-Economic Inequity and Decision-Making under Uncertainty: West African Migrants’ Journey across the Mediterranean to Europe
Authors: Dinbabo Mulugeta F. , Badewa Adeyemi , Yeboah Collins
Published: March 2021

Understanding the nexus between poverty, inequality and decision-making under uncertainty in migrants’ journeys across the Mediterranean Sea to Europe remains a significant challenge, raising intense scholarly debate. Several suggestions have been offered on how to reduce migrants’ journeys across the Mediterranean Sea to Europe in several guises, including the formulation and implementation of proper social, political and economic policies in Africa. Despite all odds and challenges, migrants from Africa cross state boundaries and stay in transit state(s) for limited periods, en route the Mediterranean Sea to Europe. Underpinned by different migration theories and conceptual frameworks, our study applied a qualitative methodology to examine why migrants decide, under uncertainty, to cross the Mediterranean Sea from their countries of origin to the ultimate destinations in Europe. While focusing on the life experiences of purposively selected migrants from West Africa, the research seeks to address the underlying factors of irregular migration. The result of this empirical study clearly illustrates that limited access to opportunities, poverty and unemployment amidst precarious development challenges and the youth population bulge, exacerbate Africa’s migration crisis. The study finally brings into focus empirical observations and provides suggestions for stakeholders’ engagement in addressing African migration challenges.
PHYSICAL MODELING FOR DENSITY MEASUREMENT OF NEAR-SURFACE ROCKS, BY WIRELINE LOGGING AND LOGGING WHILE DRILLING
Authors: Bondarenko М. , Кulyk V. , Dmytrenko O. , Danyliv S. , Stasiv O. , Karmazenko V.
Published: March 2021

The results of the creation of full-scale physical models of rocks for the calibration of combined tools of radioactive logging, which include density logging, are presented. Four sets of models were built for different logging problems.

1. Models of porous carbonate reservoirs with borehole (diameter 216 mm), equipped with interchangeable simulators of casing columns (146 mm і 168 mm) with cement sheath and tubing. The models are aimed to calibrate wireline logging tools for investigating the section of uncased and cased oil&gas wells.

2. Models of rocks of different density with borehole (160 mm), equipped with interchangeable drill collars (120 mm, 108 mm, 89 mm). The models are designed to calibrate density tools for logging while drilling horizontal oil&gas wells.

3. Universal models of porous carbonate reservoirs, crossed by holes of three diameters (200 mm, 160 mm, 125 mm). The purpose of the models is to calibrate wireline logging tools for investigation of section of uncased and cased oil&gas wells and tools for logging while drilling horizontal oil&gas wells.

4. Models of near-surface rocks of different density, equipped with a steel pipe (diameter of 51 mm) closely fitting to rock. The purpose of the models is to calibrate density tools for investigation of near-surface rocks when solving engineering-geological, seismic microzoning, ecological, etc problems.

Physical models were designed and constructed by the employees of the Institute of Geophysics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine together with partner organizations. The regular use of the models is due to the active work carried out by the Institute of Geophysics, together with partners, to create apparatus-methodical complexes of radioactive logging, which include the density logging.

Graduation relationships and calibration functions for new density logging tools, obtained on the constructed physical models, as well as examples of density determination in different well conditions when solving research-and-production problems, are given.
The resolution on empagliflozin and heart failure has been adopted by the experts of the Siberian Federal District based on the results of the EMPEROR-Reduced study
Authors: Barbarash O. L. , Garganeeva A. A. , Gogolashvili N. G. , Efremushkina A. A. , Zharskiy S. L. , Kashtalap V. V. , Korennova O. Yu. , Makarov S. A. , Nevzorova V. A. , Protasov K. V. , Ustyugov S. A. , Shabelnikova O. Yu.
Published: March 2021

The results of the international multicenter study EMPEROR-Reduced have been discussed on October 31, 2020, at the online expert meeting. Considering the positive cardiovascular and renal effects of empagliflozin, the experts have supported the use of empagliflozin in the clinical practice to treat patients with chronic heart failure.
Assessment of coronary artery disease patient eligibility to phase 3 cardiac rehabilitation in the outpatient settings after myocardial revascularization
Authors: Korennova O. Yu. , Prihodko E. P. , Yukhina Yu. E. , Savchenko M. V. , Turusheva E. A. , Podolnaya S. P. , Druk I. V. , Shukil L. V. , Ryapolova E. A.
Published: March 2021

Aim. To determine the clinical factors affecting the timely reference of patients with coronary artery disease after myocardial revascularization to Phase 3 cardiac rehabilitation.Methods. 773 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) who underwent myocardial revascularization were recruited in a study. Of them, 77 (9.96%) underwent coronary artery bypass grafting and 696 (90.04%) underwent PCI. Within 1 month of discharge, patients were examined by a cardiologist in the outpatient hospital and then referred to the cardiac rehabilitation team to assess their eligibility. The eligibility for exercise rehabilitation was assessed based on the results of general examination, clinical and laboratory findings. The prevalence of absolute and relative contraindications to exercise rehabilitation was measured.Results. 10% of CAD patients after myocardial revascularization had absolute contraindications and 29.6% had relative contraindications to exercise rehabilitation. The presence of relative contraindications (exaggerated blood pressure response (>80/100 mm Hg) to exercise or a decrease in systolic blood pressure ≥20 mm Hg, ventricular extrasystole and tachycardia, paroxysmal tachyarrhythmias in response to exercise, active gastroduodenal ulcer, and less than 1 month after its exacerbation, moderate heart valvular disease (aortic stenosis), decompensated carbohydrate metabolism disorders) required the management of risk factors limiting patients on the participation in exercise rehabilitation. The routing of CAD patients after myocardial revascularization at Phase 3 cardiac rehabilitation was developed and introduced in the Clinical Cardiological Dispensary in the Omsk region.Conclusion. Most patients with CAD after myocardial revascularization should be referred to exercise rehabilitation. These patients rarely have absolute contraindications (about 10%). Despite relative contraindications are rather high (about 30%), risk factors limiting patient participation in exercise rehabilitation are managed successfully. Optimal routing of patients contributes to their prompt recruiting to cardiac rehabilitation. Effective management of cardiovascular risk factors allows recruiting more patients in exercise rehabilitation.
Effects of agomelatine on heart rate variability in patients with coronary artery disease and depression
Authors: Nonka T. G. , Lebedeva E. V. , Repin A. N.
Published: March 2021

Aim. To determine heart rate variability (HRV) in depressed patients with chronic coronary artery disease (CAD) and to assess the effects of agomelatine on HRV.Methods. 74 patients with CAD (class 3-4 angina pectoris) were recruited in a study. Patients (n = 45) with CAD and depression were assigned to Group 1, whereas CAD patients (n = 29) without any signs of depression were assigned to Group 2. 17 patients received agomelatine (Subgroup 1) and 28 patients did not take any antidepressants (Subgroup 2). HRV was measured using SCHILLER MT-200 Holter-ECG apparatus at baseline and after 6 months.Results. Patients with depression demonstrated a significant decrease in HRV compared to non-depressed patients (pNN50% (3.9 [2.2; 5.4] vs 5.7 [2.9; 12.6], p = 0.03), SDANN (81 [63; 97] ms vs 91 [79; 102] ms, p = 0.06), SDNNindx (46 [36; 56] ms vs 55 [48; 66] ms, p = 0.002), rMSSD (28 [21; 36] ms vs 33 [ 29; 45] ms, p = 0.02), SDNN (97 [75; 121] ms vs 110 [98; 127] ms, p = 0.02). Subgroups 1 and 2 did not differ in HRV (p>0.05). After 6 months, significant differences in the following parameters were found in those patients who received agomelatine therapy and those who did not: rMSSD (36.5 [28.5; 51] ms vs 26.5 [25; 32] ms, p = 0.02), SDANN (88 [72,5; 114,5] ms vs 67,5 [58; 83] ms, p = 0.03), SDNN strives to a significant difference - 100 [87; 133.5] ms vs 85.5 [75; 103] ms, p = 0.07.Conclusion. HRV significantly decreased in depressed patients with CAD suggesting autonomic dysfunction and worsening their prognosis. Agomelatine therapy in patients with CAD is effective in treating heart rate variability and reducing the risk of developing life-threatening arrhythmias.Key
Indications to coronary artery bypass graft angiography in the early postoperative period
Authors: Semagin A. A. , Lukin O. P. , Fokin A. A.
Published: March 2021

Aim. To determine indications to emergency coronary artery bypass angiography.Methods. 7,616 medical records of patients with coronary artery disease who underwent isolated CABG in the period from 2012 to 2019 at the Federal Center for Cardiovascular Surgery were reviewed. Of them, 103 (1.35%) patients underwent emergency coronary artery bypass graft angiography in the early postoperative period to verify signs of myocardial damage. Patients were assigned to two groups based on angiographic findings and selected treatment strategy. Out of 75 patients, 57 patients from Group 1 had no severe angiographic signs of occlusive changes of the grafts and native arteries. But 18 patients reported failed graft and required conservative management. Group 2 (n = 28) included patients who had failed coronary artery bypass grafts according to angiography findings. 20 patients underwent endovascular treatment, and 8 patients underwent repeated surgery. The control group included 30 patients (0.39%) without any signs of ischemic myocardial damage. Intraoperative flow was assessed as well as postoperative electrocardiographic and echocardiographic records. Biochemical markers of myocardial damage were measured.Results. Blood flow velocity was less than 20 ml/min, and the pulsatility index exceeded 3.0 according to the intraoperative flow assessment of coronary artery bypass grafts with impaired blood flow according to angiography findings. There was no relationship found between ischemic changes according to ECG, ECHO-CG, and angiographic findings. Significant differences were found in troponin I levels between Group 1 (patients with coronary artery graft dysfunction) and the control group (Group 3) at all time intervals (1, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours).Conclusion. The predictors of failed coronary artery bypass grafts in the early postoperative period allowed identifying indications to emergency angiography.
Dor em crianças com deficiências cognitivas: uma revisão sobre os instrumentos de avaliação comportamentais
Authors: D'Alpino Paulo Henrique , Robes Andressa Veruska
Published: March 2021

ResumoCrianças com deficiências cognitivas correm maior risco de sentir dor. Além disso, demonstrou-se que essa população pediátrica, frequentemente, recebe tratamento inadequado da dor. A dor é, muitas vezes, muito difícil de avaliar, especialmente, em um subgrupo definido com deficiência intelectual, não verbal ou ainda com deficiência cognitiva grave. Embora o autorrelato seja uma alternativa para um pequeno número de crianças com menor acometimento intelectual, as medidas observacionais têm as evidências mais consistentes para apoiar seu uso de escalas comportamentais. Consequentemente, várias ferramentas observacionais de avaliação da dor foram propostas para superar esse problema. Em função da ausência de uma ferramenta de avaliação ideal, a avaliação precisa da dor requer, após uma análise caso a caso, a seleção de um instrumento mais apropriado ou uma associação de instrumentos. O objetivo deste trabalho é fornecer uma revisão dos instrumentos e escalas de avaliação da dor comumente usadas em crianças com deficiência cognitiva. Espera-se que com a discussão crítica dos recursos próprios de cada escala, bem como de sua aplicabilidade clínica esses possam, de certa forma, ajudar a superar esse difícil desafio.

Palavras-chave: Disfunção Cognitiva. Cuidado da Criança. Transtornos Reativos da Criança. Crianças com Deficiência. Transtornos do Neurodesenvolvimento.

AbstractChildren with cognitive disabilities are at increased risk of experiencing pain. In addition, it has been shown that this pediatric population often receives inadequate pain management. Pain is often very difficult to assess, especially in a defined subgroup with intellectual, non-verbal or even severe cognitive impairment. Although self-report is an alternative for a small number of children with less intellectual impairment, observational measures have the most consistent evidence to support their use of behavioral scales. Consequently, several observational pain assessment tools have been proposed to overcome this problem. Due to the absence of an ideal assessment tool, accurate pain assessment requires, after a case-by-case analysis, the selection of a more appropriate instrument or an association of instruments. The aim of this paper is to provide a review of the pain assessment instruments and scales commonly used in children with cognitive disabilities. It is hoped that with a critical discussion of each scale's own resources as well as its clinical applicability, they can somehow help to overcome this difficult challenge.

Keywords: Cognitive Dysfunction. Child Care. Child Reactive Disorders. Disabled Children. Neurodevelopmental Disorders.
Revisão Sistemática da Literatura Nacional: uma Reflexão com Base na Educação Corporativa
Authors: Lopes de Moraes Sella Marcia , Carvalho Diego Fogaça
Published: March 2021

ResumoO objetivo deste artigo foi realizar uma revisão sistemática da literatura nacional para uma melhor compreensão sobre a Universidade Corporativa - UC e sua configuração como um meio de aprendizagem, não somente no âmbito corporativo, mas também na área acadêmica, bem como as metodologias e procedimentos empregados. Optou-se por uma revisão sistemática da literatura, em que foram coletados artigos científicos na base de dados de Periódicos Capes, no período de 2001 a 2020, com classificação A1 até B2 na área de ensino, pelo sistema de classificações de periódicos do quadriênio 2013-2016. Os resultados apontam que a Universidade Corporativa é um ambiente eficaz em relação à formação profissional de modo geral, principalmente, para desenvolver pessoas nos diversos níveis e operações, sendo também ambiente com inúmeras possibilidades de engajamento e aplicação. Por outro lado, há uma lacuna a ser preenchida e que pode ser explorada para que haja maior parceria entre a Universidade Tradicional e Universidade Corporativa e, assim, promover o potencial existente entre ambas, inclusive, servindo de subsídio para futuras pesquisas, projetos e programas sobre a temática.

Palavras-chave: Universidade Corporativa. Treinamento. Aprendizagem Profissional. Formação de Professores

AbstractFaced with the era of knowledge and innovation, a tireless search was noticed for qualified professionals to meet the requirements of the time, in order to contribute to the country's economic sustainability. In this sense, the Corporate University, being present in the corporate or academic environment, can train citizens in a strategic and social way for a better performance of their activities. The objective of this research work was to carry out a systematic review of the national literature to stimulate reflection on the relevance of the Corporate University (UC) as a learning tool, not only in the corporate scope, but also in the academic area, contributing to the formation of these professionals. The procedure adopted to conduct the study was a systematic literature review, where scientific articles were collected in the Capes Periodicals database from 2001 to 2020, with classification A and B in the teaching area, by the journals classifications system of the quadrennium 2013-2016 and, the obtained and synthesized data. The results show that the Corporate University is an effective tool in relation to training in general, mainly to develop people at different levels and operations, being a tool with numerous possibilities for engagement and application. On the other hand, there is a gap to be filled and that can be explored so that there is a greater partnership between the Traditional University and the Corporate University and, thus, promoting the existing potential between the two, including serving as a subsidy for future research, projects and programs on the theme.

Keywords: Corporate University. Training. Professional Learning. Teacher training
A Escola da Escolha no Rio Grande do Norte: Apontamentos Acerca do Papel do Professor
Authors: Cavalcante de Morais João Kaio , Monteiro Lúcia de Fátima , Henrique Ana Lúcia Sarmento
Published: March 2021

ResumoNas últimas décadas se observa que entidades privadas vêm ganhando espaço nas escolas do país, sobretudo, naquelas de tempo integral. Essas organizações, ligadas ao grande capital, exercem pressão nas Instituições de Ensino e, consequentemente, no trabalho do professor. O objetivo do artigo é analisar o entendimento acerca da docência nos Cadernos de Formação do Instituto de Corresponsabilidade da Educação (ICE), entidade responsável pela formação de professores que atuam nas escolas públicas de Ensino Médio em tempo integral vinculadas à Secretaria de Educação e Cultura (SEEC) do Rio Grande do Norte. Além dos cadernos foram consultados estudos recentes que discorrem a respeito da formação de estudantes nas escolas de tempo integral, o que caracteriza o estudo como documental e bibliográfico. O método que fundamenta o texto é o materialismo histórico-dialético, proposto inicialmente por Marx e Engels (2019). No entendimento do ICE, o professor é um facilitador e mediador do projeto de vida dos estudantes. O docente deve conduzir os alunos ao domínio das suas próprias emoções, posto que assim podem ser sujeitos felizes, autônomos e solidários, prontos para conviver em uma sociedade em constante transformação. Com isso, percebe-se uma preocupação da entidade com o perfil esperado de professor alinhado aos pressupostos da lógica mercadológica e não com a formação humana integral dos sujeitos.

Palavras-chave: Ensino Médio. Tempo Integral. Formação Docente.

AbstractIn the past few years, it has been noticed that private organizations have gained space in public schools in Brazil. These entities changed the way of thinking about school education in the country, as they inserted the capitalism logic. These associations, associated with major capital, exert pressure on schools and consequently on the teacher's work. The objective of the article is to analyze the understanding about teaching in the Training Notebooks of Instituto de Corresponsabilidade pela Educação (ICE). This entity is responsible for training teachers in high schools in Rio Grande do Norte state – Brazil. ICE Training Notebooks and studies were consulted which explain the full time school students’ formation, fact which makes this study bibliographic and documentary. The research method is the historical-dialectical materialism of Marx and Engels (2019). According to ICE, the teacher is a facilitator of the teaching and learning process. In this case, the teacher must take the students to learn to control their emotions, so they can live happily in a capitalist society. With that, a concern of the entity is perceived with the professor’s expected profile aligned with the professores market logic assumption.

Keywords: High School. Full Time. Teacher Training.
Sports Dentistry and Sports Medicine: an Analysis by Brazilian Regions
Authors: Simões Thamyres Maria Silva , Catão Maria Helena Chaves de Vasconcelos
Published: March 2021

AbstractThe aim of this study was to quantitatively assess the number of dentists who are specialists in Sports Dentistry and Specialist Physicians who are specialists in Sports Medicine, according to the Brazilian regions. The total number of dentists and doctors in Brazil and specialists in Sports Dentistry and Sports Medicine was collected on the websites of the Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO) and the Federal Council of Medicine (CFM), respectively. All data used in this research are publicly accessible. Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais are the Brazilian states with the largest number of specialist dentists in Sports Dentistry (n = 5) and São Paulo, the state with the highest number of sports medicine specialists (n = 236). By Brazilian regions, it was observed that most professionals specialized in Sports Dentistry (55.6%) and Sports Medicine (49.5%) are located in the Southeast region. In the Northeast region, for each specialist in Sports Dentistry, there are 109 physicians specialized in this therapy (1/109). There is a small number of dentists who are specialists in Sports Dentistry, when compared to the number of physicians specialized in Sports Medicine, mainly in the North and Northeast regions of the country.

Keywords: Dentistry. Sports. Sports Medicine. Oral Health.

ResumoO objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar quantitativamente o número de cirurgiões-dentistas especialistas em Odontologia do Esporte e médicos especialistas em Medicina Esportiva, de acordo com as regiões brasileiras. O número total de cirurgiões-dentistas e médicos no Brasil e de especialistas em Odontologia do Esporte e Medicina Esportiva, foi coletado nos sites do Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO) e Conselho Federal de Medicina (CFM), respectivamente. Todos os dados utilizados nesta pesquisa são de acesso público. O Rio de Janeiro e Minas Gerais são os estados brasileiros com o maior número de cirurgiões-dentistas especialistas em Odontologia do Esporte (n=5) e São Paulo, o estado com o maior número de médicos especialistas em Medicina Esportiva (n=236). Por regiões brasileiras, observou-se que a maioria dos profissionais especialistas em Odontologia do Esporte (55,6%) e em Medicina Esportiva (49,5%) estão localizados na região Sudeste. Na região Nordeste, para cada especialista em Odontologia do Esporte, existem 109 médicos com especialização nesta terapia (1/109). Há uma pequena quantidade de cirurgiões-dentistas especialistas em Odontologia do Esporte, quando comparados ao número de médicos especialistas em Medicina Esportiva, principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste do país.

Palavras-chave: Odontologia. Esportes. Medicina Esportiva. Saúde Bucal.
Implications of Distraction Osteogenesis in Ankylosis of Temporomandibular Joint
Authors: Sambugaro Lucas , Silveira Isabela Toledo Teixeira da , Andrade Ercio Junior Montenegro de , Mello Marina de Almeida Barbosa , Valente Ana Carolina Bonetti , Yaedú Renato Yassutaka Faria
Published: March 2021

AbstractStudies with children and adult patients submitted to mandibular distraction osteogenesis surgery were analyzed, whose complication was ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint. In this study, the objective was to carry out a narrative review of the literature, seeking the prevalence of this complication after distraction osteogenesis. The literature review was carried out in the electronic databases, PubMed and Scopus, using mesh terms and their respective entry terms. The screening process consisted of two phases: Phase I - Select by titles and abstracts; Phase II - Complete reading article based on selected articles from phase I. It was observed after the data tabulation a lack of scientific evidence regarding this complication after distraction osteogenesis; as well as a very large variability in the case report studies or case series since there are no clinical trials on this subject. Thus, it can be concluded that there are few studies to state the relationship between ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint after distraction osteogenesis, requiring further clinical trial studies on the subject.

Keywords: Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome. Temporomandibular Joint Disorders. Osteogenesis. Distraction. Callotasis; Bone Formation

ResumoForam analisados estudos com pacientes crianças e adultos submetidos a cirurgia de distração osteogênica mandibular que tiveram como complicação a anquilose da articulação temporo-mandibular. Neste estudo o objetivo foi realizar uma revisão narrativa da literatura buscando a prevalência desta complicação após a distração osteogênica. A revisão de literatura foi realizada nas bases de dados eletrônicas, PubMed e Scopus, utilizando mesh terms e seus respectivos entry terms. O processo de triagem consistiu em duas fases: Fase I - Selecionar por títulos e resumos; Fase II- Artigo completo de leitura baseado em artigos selecionados da fase I. Observou-se após a tabulação dos dados a falta de evidência científica com relação a esta complicação após a distração osteogênica; bem como uma variabilidade muito grande nos trabalhos de relato de caso ou série de casos uma vez que não existem ensaios clínicos referente a este assunto. Desta forma pode-se concluir que há poucos estudos para afirmarmos a relação entre a anquilose da articulação temporo-mandibular após a distração osteogênica, sendo necessários mais estudos de ensaio clínico sobre o tema.

Palavras-chave: Síndrome da Disfunção da Articulação Temporomandibular. Transtornos da Articulação Temporomandibular. Calotasia. Formação Óssea.
Phosphorus Reduces Aluminum Toxicity in Oil Tea Roots by Regulating the Cell Wall Components and Antioxidant Defense System
Authors: Qu Xinjing
Published: March 2021

Aluminum (Al) toxicity is one of the most important impeding factors for plant growth and productivity in acidic soils. Phosphorus (P) application may alleviate Al stress in many plants. In this study we investigated the effect of P on Al toxicity in cell wall components and oxidative stress and to explore the underlying mechanisms in oil tea (Camellia oleifera Abel.) roots. Results indicated that Al toxicity severely inhibited root elongation, changed cell wall components, and caused oxidative damage to the roots of oil tea. However, P supply reduced the adsorption of Al in the cell wall by decreasing the demethylesterfied pectin content and hemicellulose 1 content that decreased the Al binding sites. Moreover, the addition of Palleviated the inhibition of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase and endo-β-1,4-glucanases activities under Al stress, which enhanced the loosening of the cell wall. P addition reduced the activities of polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase and enhanced the activities of reactive oxygen species scavenging enzymes, which reduced the oxidative damage caused by Al toxicity. The results reveal important mechanisms of P-induced mitigation of Al stress in oil tea roots that might be useful in the cultivation of plants on acidic soils.© 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Tobacco Stalk Biochar Application Improves Soil Fertility and Flue-Cured Tobacco Growth
Authors: Li Yan
Published: March 2021

Tobacco stalks the main agricultural waste after tobacco harvest, are generally discarded directly or returned to the field after burning. They are rarely processed into biochar, a product that could benefit soil properties. To explore the effects of applying tobacco stalk biochar on soil fertility and tobacco production, tobacco was grown at six biochar application levels (0, 3,000, 4,500, 6,000, 9,000 and 12,000 kg ha-1) in three different sites (Jianchuan, Midu and Eryuan) in Dali County, Yunnan Province. Biochar decreased soil bulk density, increased large and small soil aggregate proportion, and increased soil organic carbon and nitrogen stocks. Biochar also improved the yield and quality of tobacco leaves at all sites. Biochar rates of 3,000, 4,500 and 6,000 kg ha-1 linearly improved soil fertility and agronomic traits while application rate of biochar exceeding 9,000 kg ha-1reduced plant growth. Moreover, the optimum biochar application rates for better plant height, stem diameter, maximum leaf length and leaf width, yield, and average price differed by site. These rates were: 6,000 kg ha-1(Midu), 3,000 kg ha-1(Eryuan) and4,500 kg ha-1(Jianchuan), respectively. In conclusion, appropriate application of biochar could improve soil nutrients and contribute to tobacco growth in different soil nutrient conditions.© 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Analysis of the Spike Proteins Suggest Pangolin as an Intermediate Host of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)
Authors: Raza Sohail
Published: March 2021

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a third member of its group that has introduced public health catastrophes around the globe. Since, its emergence in Wuhan, China by December 2019, SARS-CoV-2 infected millions of human population along with many casualties globally. The transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 between humans has already been studied. Despite this transmission in human population, the primary origin of SARS-CoV-2 has been linked with bats by the help of an intermediate (secondary) host. This study was assumed to investigate the possible secondary or intermediate host to shuttle down the SARS-CoV-2 transmission and further to mitigate future pandemics. The antigenic surface/spike (S) protein was used for the structural and genomic analysis through currently available computer assisted technology. For the In-silico analysis, 43 sequences of S-protein of coronaviruses originated in various species were retrieved from nucleotide database of NCBI. These sequences were matched to find any similarities/differences by employing pairwise and multiple sequence alignment. The phylogenetic analysis was conducted to observe the relation among different species through MEGA software. Finally, comparative analysis for structures of S-protein (superimposition) was done with reference structure by using UCSF Chimera software. The results of this study expressed maximum match of S-protein sequences of human coronavirus with Bat and with Pangolin sequences respectively. The Phylogenetic analysis between Bat and Pangolin showed that SARS-CoV-2 transmitted from bats to humans possibly through the intermediate host of Pangolin. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Phenotypic Plasticity for Growth and Nutrient Uptake in Milk Thistle under Salt Stress: Modulatory Role of Soil Supplementations with Plant Growth Promoters
Authors: Zahra Noreen
Published: March 2021

Salinity stress negatively affects key physiological phenomena in plants while plants show great variability and respond differentially for tolerance to salt stress. Usually, nutrients imbalances affect specific plant tissues and physiological processes which are requisite for normal plant growth and development. The aim of this two-year (2017 and 2018) simulated field study was to investigate phenotypic plasticity for growth, relative leaf water content (RLWC) and nutrient status in milk thistle [Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.] ecotypes and the potential role of soil supplementation with pre-optimized levels of plant growth promoters (PGPs) in modulating these attributes under control and salinity (12 dS/m) stress. Four ecotypes of milk thistle were collected from three ecologically distinct zones including Faisalabad (FSD) and Kalar Kahar (KK) – semi-arid zone, Gujranwala (GUJ) – hot semi-arid zone and Quetta (QTA) – cool semi-arid zone. The studied nutrients were nitrate-N, phosphate-P, sulfate-S, sodium (Na), potassium (K) and calcium (Ca). The soil supplemented PGPs, applied with irrigation water, were ascorbic acid (AsA), thiourea (TU) and moringa leaf extract (MLE) at 250 μM, 500 μM and 3%, respectively of soil moisture content at field capacity. Results indicated that soil supplementation of PGPs in the field conditions is a feasible approach for enhancing nutrient uptake of milk thistle ecotypes under salt stress, while the effect of salinity stress restricted the uptake of the studied nutrients and caused their imbalance. Although the salinity stress reduced shoot and root dry matter, RLWC and restricted the uptake of these nutrients irrespective of ecotypes, the levels of nitrate-N, phosphate-P, K, sulfate-S, Ca, and RWC contents increased more with the soil supplementation of AsA followed by MLE as compared to other soil supplements in both the study years. Among the ecotypes, QTA followed by KK and FSD ecotypes gained more dry weight with greater leaf RWC and higher tissue nutrient contents due to PGPs under salt stress. The principal component analysis and correlation data revealed the existence of distinct phenotypic plasticity in the milk thistle ecotypes for nutrient acquisition with soil supplementation of PGPs under salinity stress. To conclude, ecotypes from QTA and KK were more promising than the others while AsA and MLE were better soil supplements in improving shoot and root nutrients under salt stress. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Chemical Composition of Essential Oil from Dalbergia odorifera Flowers and HPLC Analysis of Tectorigenin in Its Leaves and Branches
Authors: Mao Ziling
Published: March 2021

Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen, as an important traditional Chinese medicinal plant, has been used in China over a long history. The chemical composition of volatile oil extracted from the D. odorifera flowers is described for the first time here. The volatile oil was extracted by hydro-distillation, and GC-MS was used for the chemical composition analysis. Tectorigenin, an isoflavonoid, was also isolated from the flowers. The structure of tectorigenin was established based on 1H and 13C NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectrometry. The main components of the volatile oil from the flowers were 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone (28.35%), phenethyl alcohol (12.17%), cis-5-ethenyltetrahydro-α, α-5-trimethyl-2-furanmethanol (8.71%), toluene (7.64%), p-xylene (5.93%), benzyl alcohol (5.72%) and ethylbenzene (5.35%). The tectorigenin contents in the xylem, phloem and leaves were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) as 75.44 μg/g, 104.26 μg/g and 393.11 μg/g, respectively, on a dry weight basis and 49.32 μg/g, 51.98 μg/g and 74.45 μg/g, respectively, on a fresh weight basis. The study provides an important theoretical basis for the further development and application of the D. odorifera flowers and tectorigenin. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Regulation of Bcl-2 and the NF-kB Signaling Pathway by Succinyl Rotundic Acid in Livers of Rats with Alcoholic Hepatitis
Authors: He Yufang
Published: March 2021

In this study, the protective effects of succinyl rotundic acids on alcoholic hepatitis in irradiated rats as well as the effects of Bcl-2-Bax-caspase-3 and the NF-kB signal pathways were studied. SD rats were divided into four groups randomly: normal; model; and succinyl rotundic acid low-, middle-, and high-dose groups. Distilled water, 60% ethanol and 60% ethanol +SRA, respectively, were given for 30 days. ELISA was used to measure serum levels of LDH, AST, ALT, NOS, NO, MDA, GSH and TG. Western blotting was used to measure protein levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, NF-kB p 65, IKBA, HO-1, Nrf2 and CYP2E1. Compared with the model group, LDH, AST, ALT, NOS, NO, MDA and TG levels were lower in serum of low-, middle-, and high-dose groups (P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.05 in all); GSH content was greater in serum of low-, middle- and high-dose groups (P < 0.05). Levels of Bcl-2, HO-1, and Nrf2 were greater (P < 0.01 in all); those of Bax, caspase-3, NF-kB p65, IKBA, and CYP2E1 were lower (P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 in all). These findings suggest that succinyl rotundic acid reduces inflammatory reactions by reducing levels of NOS and NO, regulating levels of Bcl-2, Bax, caspase-3, NF-kB, and anti-oxidative stress pathways, and has an antagonistic effect on alcoholic liver injury. The agent has potential to treat clinical alcoholic liver disease. © 2021 Friends Science Publishers
Recensión: Gerardo Pérez Barcala, A tradución galega do Liber de medicina equorum de Giordano Rufo
Authors: López-Viñas Xoán
Published: March 2021

Recensión: Gerardo Pérez Barcala, A tradución galega do Liber de medicina equorum de Giordano Rufo, A Coruña, Fundación Barrié, 2013, 712 páxinas.
Estrategia de Industrialización Orientada a las Exportaciones: una forma de competitividad México-Brasil 1980-2003
Authors: Gaona Rivera Elías , Duana Avila Danae
Published: March 2021

La crisis económica acaecida en México en 1982 constituyó un parteaguas para su economía. Analizar las estrategias de industrialización implementadas en México y Brasil, a partir de una investigación de tipo descriptiva utilizando una metodología cuantitativa, donde se examinaron las estrategias de industrialización orientadas a las exportaciones entre las dos economías, era indiscutible la necesidad de reestructurar su aparato productivo, para reincentivar su ciclo de acumulación capitalista, por lo que el país se vio en la necesidad de emprender reformas macroeconómicas. Entre los grandes reajustes que experimentó, sobresale la apertura económica, la cual ha pretendido en términos globales, propiciar el cambio estructural, principalmente a través de la activación de las industrias fabriles más dinámicas, las cuales debían convertirse en el motor del crecimiento económico. Con este nuevo proyecto de desarrollo, el Estado tenía que ceder su papel intervencionista y debía dejar paso para que las fuerzas del mercado solucionaran los problemas estructurales[1] que la industrialización sustitutiva ocasionó. Por lo tanto se propuso una pregunta fundamental: ¿la estrategia de desarrollo de industrialización orientada a las exportaciones (IOE), de orientación meramente neoclásica, verdaderamente posibilitará solventar las dificultades estructurales de México, de tal forma que se avance sobre una senda continua de crecimiento en el largo plazo?

 

[1] Calificativo que se aplica en economía a los aspectos o fenómenos más permanentes y menos influidos por las circunstancias ambientales.
TOXICITY OF ZINC OXIDE NANOPARTICLES ON HUMAN SKIN DERMAL CELLS
Authors:   Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, 31900 Malaysia, Maheswaran Harshyini , Wong Ling Shing ,   Life Science Division, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, 71800 Malaysia, Dhanapal Anto Cordelia Tanislaus Antony ,   Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, 31900 Malaysia, Narendhirakannan Ramasamy Thangavelu ,   Department of Biochemistry, Kongunadu Arts and Science College, Affiliated to Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, Janakiraman Ashok Kumar ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UCSI University, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Djearamane Sinouvassane ,   Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kampar, 31900 Malaysia
Published: March 2021

Zinc oxide (ZnO) has special physical and chemical characteristics which enable it to be utilized in numerous applications including electronics, sunscreens, pigments, and most notably in biomedical applications. Nanoemulsions containing zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are progressively sought-after as an active component in cosmetic formulations and are used in sunscreens, moisturizers, and antiaging products. Zinc paste bandages including Unna boot consist of open wove cotton gauze treated with ZnO paste are now common medicaments for leg ulcers. The damaged and broken skins are vulnerable to ZnO NPs uptake. This being the case, ZnO NPs on the skin surface can affect the functions of surrounding cells in numerous ways by penetrating into the skin cells. This could exert toxicity effects on the skin cells over time depending on the concentration and site of ZnO NPs exposure. This review brings together some findings regarding the toxicity of ZnO NPs on human skin dermal cells and thus in turn enlightens the safer usage of ZnO NPs in skin care applications.