bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How much energy can optimal control of domestic water heating save?
Authors: Booysen MJ , Engelbrecht J.A.A. , Ritchie Michael , Apperley Mark , Cloete Andrew
Published: May 2019

Scheduled control of domestic electric water heaters, designed to cut energy use while minimising the impact on users' comfort and convenience, has been fairly common for some time in a number of countries. The aim is usually load-shifting (by heating water at off-peak times) and/or maximising time-of-use pricing benefits for users. The scheduling tends not to be linked to actual hot water usage and depends largely on stored thermal energy. Heat losses therefore tend to be greater than if the heater ran without a break. The effect of such a control strategy is thus to worsen the energy loss and in most cases increase greenhouse gas emissions. Many developing countries have flat-pricing (no time-of-use incentives) and rely heavily on energy from fossil fuels, making these considerations even more pressing. We explore three strategies for optimal control of domestic water heating that do not use thermostat control: matching the delivery temperature in the hot water, matching the energy delivered in the hot water, and a variation of the second strategy which provides for Legionella sterilisation. For each of these strategies we examine the energy used in heating, the energy delivered at the tank outlet, and issues of convenience to the user. The study differs from most previous work in that it uses real daily hot-water usage profiles, ensures like-for-like comparison in delivered energy at the point of use, and includes a daily Legionella avoidance strategy. We tackled this as an optimal control problem using dynamic programming. Our results demonstrate a median energy saving of between 8\ and 18% for the three strategies. Even more savings would be realised if intended and unintended usage events are correctly classified, and the optimal control only plans for intended usage events.
Analisa Kualitas Air Tanah Daerah Industri Di Bekasi Dan Kualitas Air Tanah Daerah Pemukiman Penduduk Di Depok, Jawa Barat, Indonesia
Authors: Izzati Titia , Subarno Anita Puspita Sari , sirait morhan , Nainggolan Valentina
Published: May 2019

This research aims to analyze the quality of water in the industrial and residential areas. This research was conducted for two months. The parameters analyzed in this research are pH, TDS (Total Dissolved Solid), EC (Electrical Conductivity), and water temperature, using pH meter and TDS meter. The average results for industrial area (Bekasi) are pH 7.31, TDS 138.14 ppm, EC 205.63 µs, and temperature at 29.38oC. Meanwhile, the results for residential area (Depok) are pH 8.04, TDS 115.50 ppm, EC 190.40 µs, and temperature at 28.61oC. From these data, it can be concluded that water in these two regions can be consumed, compared with the quality standard in Regulation of Minister of Health No. 32 Year 2017.
PENGARUH SUPERVISI KEPALA SEKOLAH TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI SEKOLAH
Authors: Noverta Widiyati
Published: May 2019

Dalam meningkatkan mutu pendidikan disekolah tidak hanya peran kepala sekolah tetapi juga peran seorang guru yang berkualitas juga sangat berpengaruh. Guru memiliki tugas sebagai pengajar, selain itu guru juga sebagai pendidik yang melakukan transfer nilai-nilai sekaligus sebagai pembimbing yang memberikan pengarahan dan menuntun siswa dalam belajar. Untuk itu guru harus berperan aktif dan menempatkan kedudukannya sebagai tenaga professional yang bekerja dengan kinerja yang tinggi. Kinerja guru akan optimal, bila diintegrasikan dengan komponen sekolah, baik kepala sekolah maupun sarana prasarana kerja yang memadai. Kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang efektif akan tercipta apabila kepala sekolah memiliki sifat, perilaku dan keterampilan yang baik untuk memimpin sebuah organisasi sekolah. dalam perannya sebagai pemimpin, kepala sekolah harus mampu mempengaruhi semua orang yang terlibat dalam proses pendidikan terutama guru, dan akhirnya mencapai tujuan dan kualitas sekolah.. dengan adanya supervis yang dilakukan oleh kepala sekolah terhadap kinerja guru, hal ini tentu akan berdampak pada peningkatan kualitas guru tersebut dan terjadinya perbaikan dalam proses pembelajaran yang secara tidak langsung meningkatkan kualitas pendidikan itu sendiri. kepala sekolah diharapkan secara berkelanjutan membina dan mengevaluasi pelaksanaan tugas guru agar tercapai tujuan yang telah ditetapkan secara optimal. Kepala sekolah dan guru hendaknya pula menjaga iklim sekolah yang nyaman dan aman agar tercipta suasana pembelajaran yang kondusif.
SUPERVISI PENDIDIKAN
Authors: nisa anifa aulia
Published: May 2019

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana supervisi akademik di sekolah. supervisi akademik memegang peranan yang sangat penting dalam peningkatan kualitas pembelajaran. Supervisi akademik merupakan upaya membantu guru dalam pengembangkan kemampuannya dalam mencapai tujuan pembelajaran. Dengan demikian, supervisi pendidikan itu sama sekali bukan menilai unjuk kerja guru dalam mengelola proses pembelajaran, melainkan membantu guru mengembangkan kemampuan profesionalismenya. Guru yang bekerja secara profesional apabila guru tersebut memiliki kompetensi yang secara utuh .
Integration of the Technology Readiness and Adoption Models for Assessing IT Use among SMEs in Indonesia
Authors: Sani Asrul , Subiyakto A'ang
Published: May 2019

In developing a company, the interaction between the customer and the company is very important in relation to the development of a company. The use of technology-based systems is certainly very much needed and service to customers. In this case, the company must improve technology-based system services so that customers can easily obtain information or other knowledge from the company. Building technology-based systems require the readiness to operate, develop and improve the technology. This article will begin with how to develop the technology readiness of an SME company so that it can undergo the activities of the company well, and will end with a practical discussion whether the application of IT technology in SMEs companies require deeper development or just simply there. The aim of the research is to deepen our understanding of the role of technology in its use in SMEs companies in terms of marketing and serving customers
Diagenetic history of the upper Tanglewood Member (upper Ordovician) of the Lexington Limestone, central Kentucky, U.S.A. with special emphasis on petrographic differences between deformed and undeformed beds
Authors: Koirala Dibya Raj , Ettensohn Frank R.
Published: May 2019

Petrographic study was carried out for the upper Tanglewood Member (upper Ordovician) of the Lexington Limestone in order to understand its diagenetic history and predict whether the cementation is pre-deformational or post-deformational by comparing the deformed and undeformed beds of the same horizon. This study shows that the diagenetic processes, which have modified the sequence of the upper Tanglewood Member of the Lexington Limestone, consist of micritization, cementation, compaction, dolomitization and internal filling. Moreover, it indicates that the main episode of cementation took place after the sediment deformation.
Petrography of the Neogene Siwalik Group sandstones, Khutia Khola section, Nepal Himalaya: implications for provenance, paleoclimate and tectonic setting
Authors: Adhikari Swostik Kumar , Sakai Tetsuya
Published: May 2019

The Neogene fluvial sediment (Siwalik Group) forming the southernmost foothill in the Himalaya is one of the best archives of climate history and uplift of the Himalaya. The petrographic composition of these fluvial sandstones provides information on source rocks, depositional climate of the Siwalik sediments and tectonic setting of the Himalaya. This study presents the petrographical results of the Siwalik sandstones from the Khutia Khola section, Nepal Himalaya. Petrographically, these sandstones are lithic arenites (30%) to sub-litharenites (70%). Provenance analyses show that sediments were mainly derived from recycled orogenic and transitional recycled areas in the recycled orogen block provenances. The climatic indexes suggest the semi-humid to humid climate during sedimentation of the Khutia Khola sandstones. The stratigraphic trend of the lithic components show that metamorphic lithic grains are increasing and sedimentary lithic grains are decreasing in up section, and the Lesser and Higher Himalayas are the mixed source of these Siwalik sandstones.
Exercise, Fitness and the Aging Brain: A Review of Functional Connectivity in Aging
Authors: Stillman Chelsea M. , Donofry Shannon D. , Erickson Kirk I.
Published: May 2019

Aging is associated with changes in brain structure and function with some brain regions showing more age-related deterioration than others. There is evidence that regional changes in brain structure and function may affect the functioning of other, less- age-sensitive brain regions and lead to more global changes in brain efficiency and cognitive functioning. Fortunately, emerging evidence from health neuroscience suggests that age-related brain changes and associated cognitive declines may not be inevitable. In fact, they may even be reversible. Exercise is a particularly promising health behavior known to induce changes in regional brain structure and function in older adults. However, much less is known about how exercise affects the organization of brain networks in late life. The purpose of this review is to summarize what is known to date regarding the relationships between functional connectivity, exercise, fitness, and physical activity in aging. A critical summary of this literature may reveal novel mechanisms by which physical activity influences brain health, which in turn may be leveraged to improve other aspects of functioning, including physical, cognitive, and mental health in late life.
PARTISIPASI MASYARAKAT DALAM PEMBANGUNAN DESA BENDUNG AIR TIMUR
Authors: Septia Efnika , Pebriyenni Pebriyenni
Published: May 2019

This article aims to find out how the level of public participation in the decision-making process in the Bendung Air Timur village development program. The method used is a descriptive method. 60 respondents were taken randomly as many as 238 households in the East Air Dam village. Data collection uses questionnaires / questionnaires and is assisted by interview techniques. The analysis technique used is descriptive analysis (frequency distribution analysis and percentage). The results of the study show: (1) In terms of the indicators used, most of the respondents had never participated in the decision-making process of development programs in the village/village; (2) In terms of the indicators used, most of the respondents had never participated in the implementation of development programs in the villages / villages. Based on the results of the research conclusions: (1) Public participation in the East Air Dam village in the decision making process for village/village development programs is generally low; (2) Public participation in the East Air Dam Village / Village in the process of implementing / implementing development programs, generally villages / villages are low

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana tingkat partisipasi publik dalam proses pengambilan keputusan dalam program pembangunan desa Bendung Air timur. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Responden sebanyak 60 kepala keluarga diambil secara acak (random) sebanyak 238 rumah tangga didesa Bendung Air Timur. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner / kuesioner dan dibantu dengan teknik wawancara. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif (analisis distribusi frekuensi dan persentase). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: (1) Dari segi indikator yang digunakan ternyata sebagian besar responden belum pernah berpartisipasi dalam proses pengambilan keputusan program pembangunan di desa / desa; (2) Dari segi indikator yang digunakan ternyata sebagian besar responden belum pernah berpartisipasi dalam pelaksanaan program pembangunan di pedesaan / desa. Berdasarkan hasil kesimpulan penelitian: (1) Partisipasi publik desa Bendung Air Timur dalam proses pengambilan keputusan untuk program pembangunan desa / desa umumnya rendah; (2) Partisipasi publik Desa / Desa Bendung Air Timur dalam proses pelaksanaan / pelaksanaan program pembangunan, umumnya desa / desa rendah.
Pembangunan Pariwisata Berkelanjutan: Studi tentang Pengembangan Wisata Gua Selomangleng di Kota Kediri
Authors: Yanuarita Heylen Amildha
Published: May 2019

This article aims to determine the extent of the development of Selomangleng Cave in the City of Kediri in the perspective of sustainable tourism development. In this study the researcher used a qualitative descriptive method in which the researcher elaborated, described, explained, concerning matters related to the development of Selomangleng Cave tourism objects, as well as the development implications, challenges ahead in the perspective of sustainable development. The results of this study concluded that the development of the Selomangleng Cave of the City of Kediri was still very minimal, constrained by the issue of land ownership, however there was still an effort to develop Selomangleng Cave tourism in accordance with the principles of sustainable development.

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengembangan Gua Selomangleng di Kota Kediri dalam perspektif pembangunan pariwisata berkelanjutan. Dalam penelitian ini Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dimana peneliti menguraikan, menggambarkan, menjelaskan, mengenai hal-hal yang terkait dengan pengembangan obyek pariwisata Gua Selomangleng, serta implikasi pengembangan, tantangan kedepan dalam perspektif pembangunan berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa pengembangan wisata Gua Selomangleng Kota Kediri masih sangat minim, terkendala dengan persoalan kepemilikan lahan, namun demikian tetap ada usaha pengembangan wisata Gua Selomangleng yang sesuai dengan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan.
Antik Tabae’dan Bir Grup Roma Dönemi Kandili
Authors: KOÇYİĞİT Oğuz
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışma Denizli ili, Kale ilçesi sınırlarında yer alan antik Tabae yerleşim yerinden ele geçmiş olan bir grup Roma imparatorluk dönemi pişmiş toprak kandil buluntusunu kapsar. Kalıpta yapıldıkları anlaşılan kandillerden, biri hariç neredeyse tamamı bütün ve tam form verecek niteliktedirler. Büyük bir kısmı, erken Roma geleneğinde kapalı dairesel formda kandiller olup, birden fazla fitil deliğine sahiptir. Ayrıca bazılarının palmet biçiminde oldukça ilginç kulplara sahip olduğu görülür. Bu kandillerden bazılarının yerel üretim oldukları anlaşılmakla birlikte, bazılarının da hamur ve astar özellikleri yanında form ve bezeme açısından ithal oldukları düşünülür. Bu ithal ürünlerin çoğunlukla Batı Anadolu orijinli oldukları, fakat birkaç örneğin İtalya yada Kuzey Afrika gibi uzak eyaletlerden geldikleri tahmin edilir. Uzak eyaletlerden geldiği düşünülen bu kandillerin birinin discus kısmında mask betimi diğerininkinde ise erotik bir sahne yer alır. Ayrıca koleksiyondaki bazı kandiller üzerinde ion kymationu bezemesi vardır. Bunlar dışında kandiller üzerinde herhangi bir bezeme ya da süsleme unsuru, yazı ya da çömlekçi damgası yoktur. 
Keeping the Future at Bay
Authors: Tidey Sylvia
Published: May 2019

Coming face to face with the inevitable finitude of our existence has a way of clarifying what really matters to us. Such occasions of existential breakdown demand that we actively appropriate our lives and purposely decide how to project ourselves towards the future while drawing on the possibilities available to us. But what if these possibilities offer little for constructing a future we deem desirable? In this article I take a Heideggerian approach to anticipation in order to analyse waria’s (Indonesian transgender women) often-stated intention to ‘become normal again’, while seemingly never doing so. Here, then, anticipation is less about an orientation towards specific objectives and more about a response to existential demands, while keeping at bay undesirable futures. Waria’s anticipation of a future normal does not suggest an appeal of the normal but, rather, indicates a paucity of available possibilities to draw on in order to orient oneself differently.
‘Takin’ It One Day at a Time’
Authors: Flaherty Devin
Published: May 2019

In this article, I explore anticipation as a site of moral experience and moral willing when death may be nearby. Through an examination of the narratives of the wife of a hospice patient in St. Croix, US Virgin Islands, I show that her commitment to not anticipate the course of her husband’s illness is a moral project pitted against biomedical modes of prognostication. In a context in which hospice care is the only option available for many older adults in poor health, I discuss the incommensurability between this position and the anticipatory horizon on which hospice care is predicated: the patient’s imminent death. I argue for an approach to this woman’s experience that takes into account the tendency for temporal orientations to be thrown into flux when death might be nearby, without reducing her commitment to not anticipate to mere avoidance or ‘denial’.
Gabriel Josipovici
Authors: Herman David
Published: May 2019

This article explores three central figures that recur in Gabriel Josipovici’s critical writing.
All three are essentially solitary. First, there is the creative figure – the artist, the
composer, the writer – alone in their study or studio. Second, there is a curiously impersonal
figure, more elusive, harder to pin down. Not the writer or artist but an anonymous
figure walking down the road, Wordsworth’s solitaries in The Prelude and Paul
Klee’s Wander-Artist. And, finally, there are Jewish figures, especially from Kafka and
the Hebrew Bible. What are these bare, elusive anonymous figures doing in Josipovici’s
writing? Why do they come up so often, throughout his work, from the mid 1970s to
the present? And are they lifeless or are they full of life, deeply human, rooted in history
and literature?
Bringing Education to the Wilderness: Teachers and Schools in the Rural Communities of British Columbia, 1936–1945
Authors: Raptis Helen
Published: May 2019

Prior to the consolidation of British Columbia’s rural districts into larger administrative units in 1946, teachers in country schools faced numerous challenges, including inadequate living quarters and school resources, loneliness, danger within the community, and isolation from other professionals. How did teachers manage these conditions on the eve of consolidation? What prompted some to remain teaching in remote schools whereas others fled the communities—and in some cases, the profession? To address these questions, I examined interviews with twenty-four teachers who taught in BC from 1936 to 1945. I concluded that there were multiple factors influencing teachers’ decisions to stay or go, including their willingness and ability to manage multi-level classes, to fundraise for resources, and to actively engage with community members and activities. Indeed, teachers who survived their experiences in rural schools embraced their roles as agents of the state bringing the perceived advantages of education to remote regions of the province.

Résumé

Avant le regroupement des districts ruraux de la Colombie-Britannique en de plus grandes unités administratives en 1946, les enseignantes dans les écoles de campagne étaient confrontées à de nombreux défis tels que des logements et des ressources scolaires inadéquats, la solitude, le danger au sein de la communauté et l’isolement par rapport aux autres professionnels. Comment les enseignantes ont-elles géré ces conditions à la veille du regroupement? Qu’est-ce qui a encouragé certaines enseignantes à rester dans des écoles éloignées alors que d’autres ont fui ces communautés, et même dans certains cas la profession? Pour répondre à ces questions, j’ai étudié des entretiens avec vingt-quatre enseignantes qui ont œuvré en Colombie-Britannique de 1936 à 1945. Je conclus que de nombreux facteurs ont influencé la décision des enseignantes de rester ou de partir, notamment leur volonté et leur capacité à gérer des classes à plusieurs niveaux, à collecter des fonds et à s’engager activement envers les membres et les activités de la communauté. En effet, les enseignantes qui ont survécu à leurs expériences dans les écoles rurales ont assumé leur rôle d’agents de l’État, apportant ainsi les avantages perçus de l’éducation aux régions éloignées de la province.
Modern tendencies of development of meat cattle breeding in Ukraine in conditions of European integration
Authors: Myniv R. M.
Published: May 2019

European integration processes have become an indispensable feature and direction of development of meat cattle breeding in Ukraine. At the same time, the interrelated activity of the state and agricultural enterprises, aimed at ensuring food security of the state, was of paramount importance. Sales volumes for slaughter of cattle and poultry by all categories of farms increased in 2018, compared to 2017, by 34.3 thousand tons, including agricultural enterprises increased by 49.9 thousand tons, and households decreased by 15.6 thousand. The volume of sales of cattle and poultry on slaughter in all categories of farms has increased 11 regions, in agricultural enterprises – 11, in farms of the population – 8 oblasts. In January-November 2018, the overall indicator for livestock and poultry farming in agricultural enterprises increased by 65.5 thousand tons compared to the corresponding period of last year due to an increase in poultry production by 81.9 thousand tons. The stock of cattle on January 1, 2019 in all categories of farms decreased, against the corresponding period of  2018, by 152.0 thousand heads, including 27.7 thousand in agricultural enterprises, and in the farms of the population – by 124.3 thousand goals. In 2018, in all categories of farms, the number of pigs, as compared to 2017, decreased by 123.4 thousand heads, including 124.3 thousand heads in the households, and by 70 per cent in agricultural enterprises, 5 thousand heads. The bovine population in all categories of farms as of January 1, 2019 increased by 5957.5 thousand heads compared to the corresponding period of last year, including 5474.3 thousand in agricultural enterprises, and 483.2 thousand in households , while the realization of slaughter of cattle and poultry increased by 34.3 thousand tons in live weight (1.0%). According to customs authorities in 2018: exports of meat and meat products in terms of meat in January-November 2018 amounted to 368.2 thousand tons, which is January-November 2017 (320.3 thousand tons). t) more by 47.9 thousand tons, or by 15.0%. At the same time, in monetary terms, exports increased by $ 118.2 million. The United States, or 24.1%, amounted to $ 608.6 million. USA; imports of meat and meat products in terms of meat in January-November 2018 amounted to 239.1 thousand tons, which is more compared to 2017 (190.3 thousand tons) by 48.8 thousand tons, or 25.6%. At the same time, in monetary terms, imports were at the level of 170.0 million USD. US $ 55.6 million The United States (or 48.6%) more than last year ($ 114.4 million).
Development of road transport infrastructure as a factor restoration of economic potential development of rural areas in Ukraine
Authors: Lupak R. L. , Kunytska-Iliash M. V.
Published: May 2019

The developed road transport infrastructure is a prerequisite for the economic and social development of the territories, in particular at the level of rural communities, as it allows creating conditions for comfortable living of the population, development of business initiatives, increasing the level of local accessibility of rural areas, and their investment attractiveness. The restoration of the economic potential of rural development in Ukraine objectively requires an in-depth study of the problematic aspects, obstacles and trends in the development of road transport infrastructure. The basis of the methodological basis for the study was the position of system-structural, comparative analysis and modern concepts of the institutional economy. The problematic aspects of the development of road transport infrastructure in the rural areas of Ukraine are identified, which are related to the neglect and low efficiency of the use of the end stops of the bus passenger transport, insufficient volumes of development and updating of roadside service facilities, low quality of passenger car transport, low quality of road works on the repair, construction and eradication of road friction, low efficiency of the public administration system motor roads, destruction of road construction due to increased weight loads on vehicles and traffic. The obstacles to improvement of road transport infrastructure in rural areas of Ukraine were identified: lack of practice of liquidation or legalization of spontaneous stops, lack of investments for their modernization; lack of effective interaction between local governments and executive authorities on the organization of passenger transportation and control over their functioning; lack of experience and non-compliance with standards for the development of road service facilities; deterioration of the network of highways; progressive aging of fixed assets and rolling stock of road enterprises; understatement of the warranty terms of the use of road surface. The directions of improvement of the state policy in the field of development of road transport infrastructure in the rural areas of Ukraine have been formed, which envisage the introduction of planning practices for the construction of objects of infrastructure of road objects, creation of incentives for carriers for the development of road transport infrastructure, approval of a regional program of development of highways of local the creation of transport and construction clusters at the subregional level, the introduction of new standards and qualifications conditions for conducting tenders for repairs, engineering and architectural arrangement of highways of local importance, the formation of databases of bona fide enterprises serving the road transport infrastructure, implementation of pilot projects in the field of reforming the existing system of road management in rural areas.
Christian Pedagogy as a Pedagogy of Love
Authors: Ohirko O. V.
Published: May 2019

Christian views on the education of man are considered. Christian pedagogy is the science of the formation of the spiritual and bodily life of man on the basis of absolute values, which is filled with Christian culture. It is based on universal moral law of humankind that is Ten Commandments of God and Two Fundamental Commandments of Christian Love and on Seven Corporal and Spiritual Works of Mercy, Evangelical Counsels and Beatitudes. Christian pedagogy helps a person to realize his dignity and value as a person created on the image and likeness of God. A special feature of Christian pedagogy is the close connection between spiritual and moral education. By means of Christian pedagogy moral and theological virtues are formed. The most important virtue in upbringing is love, as a struggle for the good of your neighbors, regardless of yourself. Love to God and to others is the basic law of Christian pedagogy. In the Christian upbringing of youth, the most important tasks are the formation of: the mind in which faith will reign; the will in which love will dominate; feelings in which hope will work. Principles of Christian pedagogy are nonviolence, timeliness, unity of pedagogical influences, the principle of personality, anthropological principle (respect for human dignity). Christian education is an alternative to a society that surrounds our youth. It creates a sensible conscience, calls for the avoidance of sins, and to live according to the commandments of God.
Uncovering the influence of commuters’ perception on the reliability ratio
Authors: Carrion Carlos , Levinson David
Published: May 2019

The dominant method for measuring values of travel time savings (VOT), and values of travel time reliability (VOR) is discrete choice modeling. Studies using revealed preference have tended to use travel times measured by devices such as loop detectors, and thus the perception error of travelers has been largely ignored. In this study, the influence of commuters’ perception error is investigated on data collected of commuters recruited from previous research. The subjects’ self-reported travel times from surveys, and the subjects’ travel times measured by GPS devices were collected. The results indicate that the subjects reliability ratio is greater than 1 in the models with self- reported travel times. In contrast, subjects reliability ratio is smaller than 1 in the models with travel times as measured by GPS devices.
Do Altruists Like Equity?
Authors: Bem Tiaza , Pokarowski Piotr , Meyrand Pierre
Published: May 2019

Altruism and inequity aversion are often conceptually interrelated, which implies that altruistic and selfish humans may respond differently to disadvantageous inequity conditions. However, a correlation between altruism and inequity responses has thus far not been directly tested experimentally. We have addressed this question using an experimental paradigm inspired by animal experiments in which adult humans work for real food rewards. We have studied whether subjects' responses to different reward distributions were altered by being exposed to equitable or non-equitable situations. In the control conditions, subjects expressed either a strong altruistic attitude, choosing to work for their partner's welfare in the majority of trials, or mostly rejected this course of action. These purely altruistic and selfish behaviors were also expressed after being exposed to disadvantageous inequity, but priming with equitable conditions significantly reduced their occurrence. This implies an important role of inequity pressure, which is presumably present in modern society, in shaping human-helping attitudes.
SEJARAH, KEDUDUKAN, SERTA PROSPEK PERANGKAT DESA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Wasistiono Sadu
Published: May 2019

Position of village government apparatus in Indonesia is still ambivalent until now, because of unclear village institution position. Law Nomor 6 Year 2014 about Village have the hybrid model, combination between self governing community and local self government (but quasi). According to Indonesia Constitution 1945 (before amendment), village or the other names will be construct as local government, and implemented in several law about local government during 1945-1979. After amendment, village or the other names, will construct as social community. Facing rapid change of industrial revolution 4.0 (Schwab; 2016) and society 5.0 (Fukuyama; 2018), Indonesia government should choose one of three choices namely : self governing community, local self government, and hybrid.

Key words : ambivalence of village apparatus position, self governing community, local self government, hybrid.
Women’s Consumption of Probiotic Food; The Example of Yogurt and Kefir
Authors: GOZUYESİL Ebru , ARİOZ DUZGUN Ayten , SUCU Mete
Published: May 2019

Objective: This study examined the relationship between pregnancy, women’s knowledge level, and consumption of probiotic foods.Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was carried out with the participation of 560 pregnant (n:280) and non-pregnant (n:280) women who applied to the Gynecology and Obstetrics polyclinic at a university hospital between June and August 2017. Data were collected using a data collection form developed by the researchers based on relevant scholarly literature.Results: The two groups (pregnant and non-pregnant women) were similar in average age and educational level. Of the participants, 59.1% knew the term probiotics. The rates of knowing the term probiotics (p: 0.001), recognizing kefir as a type of probiotic food, and consuming kefir as a probiotic food (p: 0.001) were higher in non-pregnant women than in pregnant women at a statistically significant level (p<0.01). Women consumed probiotic foods mostly for problems in the digestive system (87%) and strengthening the immune system (74.1%). Not knowing what probiotic meant was the most common reason (22%) for not consuming probiotic foods.Discussion: Of the participants, 59.1% knew the term probiotics. Non-pregnant women’s rate of knowing the term probiotics (67.9%) was statistically higher than that of the pregnant women (50.4%) (p: 0.001; p<0.01). In sum, some pregnant women did not know the term probiotics. In the scholarly literature, there are no studies on pregnant women’s consumption and knowledge level of probiotic foods. Most of the studies’ sample groups were students. Findings of all these studies show that the most significant reason for not consuming probiotic foods was not having the sufficient knowledge about probiotics. Considering the positive effects of probiotic foods on health, increasing the consumption of probiotics could contribute to a healthy pregnancy. In Turkey, we need to determine pregnant women’s knowledge of probiotic foods to initiate and popularize the consumption of probiotics.Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated that pregnant women did not have sufficient knowledge of the term probiotics. Pregnancy is the ideal period for women to develop behavior that protects and improve both their own and their babies’ health. For this reason, raising awareness on and motivating pregnant women toward probiotic food consumption are significant.
The Soil Microbiome of GLORIA Mountain Summits in the Swiss Alps
Authors: Adamczyk Magdalene , Hagedorn Frank , Wipf Sonja , Donhauser Jonathan , Vittoz Pascal , Rixen Christian , Frossard Aline , Theurillat Jean-Paul , Frey Beat
Published: May 2019

While vegetation has intensively been surveyed on mountain summits, limited knowledge exists about the diversity and community structure of soil biota. Here, we study how climatic variables, vegetation, parent material, soil properties, and slope aspect affect the soil microbiome on 10 GLORIA (Global Observation Research Initiative in Alpine environments) mountain summits ranging from the lower alpine to the nival zone in Switzerland. At these summits we sampled soils from all four aspects and examined how the bacterial and fungal communities vary by using Illumina MiSeq sequencing. We found that mountain summit soils contain highly diverse microbial communities with a total of 10,406 bacterial and 6,291 fungal taxa. Bacterial α-diversity increased with increasing soil pH and decreased with increasing elevation, whereas fungal α-diversity did not change significantly. Soil pH was the strongest predictor for microbial β-diversity. Bacterial and fungal community structures exhibited a significant positive relationship with plant communities, indicating that summits with a more distinct plant composition also revealed more distinct microbial communities. The influence of elevation was stronger than aspect on the soil microbiome. Several microbial taxa responded to elevation and soil pH. Chloroflexi and Mucoromycota were significantly more abundant on summits at higher elevations, whereas the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and Agaricomycetes decreased with elevation. Most bacterial OTUs belonging to the phylum Acidobacteria were indicators for siliceous parent material and several OTUs belonging to the phylum Planctomycetes were associated with calcareous soils. The trends for fungi were less clear. Indicator OTUs belonging to the genera Mortierella and Naganishia showed a mixed response to parent material, demonstrating their ubiquitous and opportunistic behaviour in soils. Overall, fungal communities responded weakly to abiotic and biotic factors. In contrast, bacterial communities were strongly influenced by environmental changes suggesting they will be strongly affected by future climate change and associated temperature increase and an upward migration of vegetation. Our results provide the first insights into the soil microbiome of mountain summits in the European Alps that are shaped as a result of highly variable local environmental conditions and may help to predict responses of the soil biota to global climate change.
Balanced Parallel Exploration of Orthogonal Regions
Authors: Clements Wyatt , Busch Costas , Pu Limeng , Smith Daniel , Wu Hsiao-Chun
Published: May 2019

We consider the use of multiple mobile agents to explore an unknown area. The area is orthogonal, such that all perimeter lines run both vertically and horizontally. The area may consist of unknown rectangular holes which are non-traversable internally. For the sake of analysis, we assume that the area is discretized into N points allowing the agents to move from one point to an adjacent one. Mobile agents communicate through face-to-face communication when in adjacent points. The objective of exploration is to develop an online algorithm that will explore the entire area while reducing the total work of all k agents, where the work is measured as the number of points traversed. We propose splitting the exploration into two alternating tasks, perimeter and room exploration. The agents all begin with the perimeter scan and when a room is found they transition to room scan after which they continue with perimeter scan until the next room is found and so on. Given the total traversable points N, our algorithm completes in total O ( N ) work with each agent performing O ( N / k ) work, namely the work is balanced. If the rooms are hole-free the exploration time is also asymptotically optimal, O ( N / k ) . To our knowledge, this is the first agent coordination algorithm that considers simultaneously work balancing and small exploration time.
Classification of Soymilk and Tofu with Diffuse Reflection Light Using a Deep Learning Technique
Authors: Itakura Kenta , Saito Yoshito , Suzuki Tetsuhito , Kondo Naoshi , Hosoi Fumiki
Published: May 2019

Tofu is an ancient soybean product that is produced by heating soymilk containing a coagulation agent. Owing to its benefits to human health, it has become popular all over the world. An important index that determines the final product’s (tofu’s) quality is firmness. Coagulants such as CaSO4 and MgCl2 affect the firmness. With the increasing demand for tofu, a monitoring methodology that ensures high-quality tofu is needed. In our previous paper, an opportunity to monitor changes in the physical properties of soymilk by studying its optical properties during the coagulation process was implied. To ensure this possibility, whether soymilk and tofu can be discriminated via their optical properties should be examined. In this study, a He–Ne laser (Thorlabs Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan, 2015) with a wavelength of 633 nm was emitted to soymilk and tofu. The images of the scattered light on their surfaces were discriminated using a type of deep learning technique. As a result, the images were classified with an accuracy of about 99%. We adjusted the network architecture and hyperparameters for the learning, and this contributed to the successful classification. The construction of a network that is specific to our task led to the successful classification result. In addition to this monitoring method of the tofu coagulation process, the classification methodology in this study is worth noting for possible use in many relevant agricultural fields.
A 2-Year Single-Centre Audit on Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains from an Intensive Care Unit and Other Wards in a General Public Hospital in Greece
Authors: Feretzakis Georgios , Loupelis Evangelos , Sakagianni Aikaterini , Skarmoutsou Nikoletta , Michelidou Sophia , Velentza Aikaterini , Martsoukou Maria , Valakis Konstantinos , Petropoulou Stavroula , Koutalas Emmanouil
Published: May 2019

Hospital-acquired infections, particularly in the critical care setting, are becoming increasingly common during the last decade, with Gram-negative bacterial infections presenting the highest incidence among them. Multi-drug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative infections are associated with high morbidity and mortality, with significant direct and indirect costs resulting from long hospitalization due to antibiotic failure. As treatment options become limited, antimicrobial stewardship programs aim to optimize the appropriate use of currently available antimicrobial agents and decrease hospital costs. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae are the most common resistant bacteria encountered in intensive care units (ICUs) and other wards. To establish preventive measures, it is important to know the prevalence of Gram-negative isolated bacteria and antibiotic resistance profiles in each ward separately, compared with ICUs. In our single centre study, we compared the resistance levels per antibiotic of P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii and K.pneumoniae clinical strains between the ICU and other facilities during a 2-year period in one of the largest public tertiary hospitals in Greece. The analysis revealed a statistically significant higher antibiotic resistance of the three bacteria in the ICU isolates compared with those from other wards. ICU strains of P. aeruginosa presented the highest resistance rates to gentamycin (57.97%) and cefepime (56.67%), followed by fluoroquinolones (55.11%) and carbapenems (55.02%), while a sensitivity rate of 97.41% was reported to colistin. A high resistance rate of over 80% of A. baumannii isolates to most classes of antibiotics was identified in both the ICU environment and regular wards, with the lowest resistance rates reported to colistin (53.37% in ICU versus an average value of 31.40% in the wards). Statistically significant higher levels of resistance to most antibiotics were noted in ICU isolates of K. pneumoniae compared with non-ICU isolates, with the highest difference—up to 48.86%—reported to carbapenems. The maximum overall antibiotic resistance in our ICU was reported for Acinetobacter spp. (93.00%), followed by Klebsiella spp. (72.30%) and Pseudomonas spp. (49.03%).
A Study on the Design Method for the Material Composition of Small Particle-Size Asphalt Mixture for Controlling Cracks in Asphalt Pavement
Authors: Xin Jiyu , Pei Jianzhong , Akiyama Mitsuyoshi , Li Rui , Zhang Jiupeng , Shao Libo
Published: May 2019

Generally, various kinds of cracks are the main type of distresses during the service period of asphalt pavements. To save maintenance costs and improve the crack resistance of asphalt pavements effectively, this paper presents a unique design method for the material composition of small particle-size (SPS) asphalt mixture for controlling cracks in asphalt pavement. First, Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA)-II was designed as a basic gradation according to the A.N. Talbot curve and SMA-II-1, SMA-II-2 and SMA-II-3 were designed according to the Superpave mix design method, the Bailey method and the Particle interference theory, respectively. Second, based on Marshall test results, the optimal fiber content and optimal asphalt content of three gradations were determined. Then, the influence of the passing rate of 1.18-mm sieve and 0.075-mm sieve on the air voids of SMA-II and the influence of the filler-asphalt ratio on the performance of SMA-II were investigated, and an appropriate range of filler-asphalt ratio was obtained. Finally, a high-temperature performance test, a water stability test, and a skid resistance test demonstrate that the overall performance of SMA-II can satisfy the specifications. A low-temperature bend test and analysis of bending strain energy density show that SMA-II with a crumb rubber modifier and a polymer fiber has better crack resistance performance than SMA-I (SBS-modified mixture). Life-cycle cost analysis shows the economic advantage of SPS asphalt thin overlays over traditional AC-13 thin overlays.
Atomic Layer Deposition of Inorganic Thin Films on 3D Polymer Nanonetworks
Authors: Ahn Jinseong , Ahn Changui , Jeon Seokwoo , Park Junyong
Published: May 2019

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) is a unique tool for conformally depositing inorganic thin films with precisely controlled thickness at nanoscale. Recently, ALD has been used in the manufacture of inorganic thin films using a three-dimensional (3D) nanonetwork structure made of polymer as a template, which is pre-formed by advanced 3D nanofabrication techniques such as electrospinning, block-copolymer (BCP) lithography, direct laser writing (DLW), multibeam interference lithography (MBIL), and phase-mask interference lithography (PMIL). The key technical requirement of this polymer template-assisted ALD is to perform the deposition process at a lower temperature, preserving the nanostructure of the polymer template during the deposition process. This review focuses on the successful cases of conformal deposition of inorganic thin films on 3D polymer nanonetworks using thermal ALD or plasma-enhanced ALD at temperatures below 200 °C. Recent applications and prospects of nanostructured polymer–inorganic composites or hollow inorganic materials are also discussed.
Spring 2018 Asian Dust Events: Sources, Transportation, and Potential Biogeochemical Implications
Authors: Yoon Joo-Eun , Lim Jae-Hyun , Shim Jeong-Min , Kwon Jae-Il , Kim Il-Nam
Published: May 2019

The input of aeolian mineral dust to the oceans is regarded as the major source in supplying bioavailable iron for phytoplankton growth. Severe dust events swept over East Asia during the 26 March to the 4 April 2018, decreasing air quality to hazardous levels, with maximum PM10 mass concentrations above 3000 μg m−3 in northern China. Based on a comprehensive approach that combines multiple satellite measurements, ground observations, and model simulation, we revealed that two severe Asian dust events originating from the Taklimakan and Gobi deserts on 26 March and 1 April, were transported through northern China and the East/Japan Sea, to the North Pacific Ocean by westerly wind systems. Transportation pathways dominated by mineral dust aerosols were observed at altitudes of 2–7 km in the source regions, and then ascending to 3–10 km in the North Pacific Ocean, with relatively denser dust plumes within the second dust episode than there were during the first. Our results suggest that mineral dust emitted from the Taklimakan and Gobi deserts could increase ocean primary productivity in the North Pacific Ocean by up to ~50%, compared to average conditions. This emphasizes the potential importance of the deposition of Asian mineral dust over the North Pacific Ocean for enhancing the biological pump.
Measurement of the Magnetic Field in a Linear Magnetized Plasma by Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Dickheuer Sven , Marchuk Oleksandr , Tsankov Tsanko , Luggenhölscher Dirk , Czarnetzki Uwe , Gromelski Wojciech , Ertmer Stephan , Kreter Arkadi
Published: May 2019

Tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS) is a commonly used technique to measure the temperature and density of atoms or molecules in a gas. In this work, we demonstrate that the TDLAS diagnostics could be effectively applied to measure the magnetic field in a low-density weakly magnetized plasma using the Zeeman splitting of the absorption spectrum of lines from noble gases. The laser wavelength is tailored to fit the 1 s 5 → 2 p 6 transition of atomic Ar with the wavelength λ = 763.51 nm . Two mechanisms of line broadening and splitting are observed: Doppler broadening and Zeeman effect. The latter is especially pronounced by applying polarization-selective observation of the absorption to the TDLAS measurements. By fitting the σ and π components of the absorption spectrum, the line-integrated magnetic field on the order of 30–50 mT is determined. The agreement between the measured values and the vacuum field (neglecting the impact of the plasma) calculations on the axis of the PSI-2 is found to be about 15–20%.