bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of the Antigen–Antibody Complex Formation Process between Hen Egg-White Lysozyme and HyHEL-10
Authors: Takamatsu Yuichiro , Hamakubo Takao , Yamashita Takefumi
Published: October 2022

We performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (57 µs in total) to examine the formation of a typical antigen–antibody complex, that of hen egg-white lysozyme (HEL) and its antibody, HyHEL-10. We observed that HEL and HyHEL-10 successfully formed native complexes in several MD simulations. Energetic analyses showed that native complexes tend to have lower interaction energies than most of the other encounter complexes, which is a useful feature for computational complex structure prediction. In the stabilization process, we found that the N32L residue underwent a characteristic conformational change (structural locking), which significantly enhanced the interaction energy. In addition, we performed MD simulations for the N32LD mutein. The results showed that the N32LD mutation enhanced the electrostatic interaction and accelerated the encounter dynamics. However, in the stabilization process, the N32LD mutation deteriorated the structural locking role of N32L, and therefore we could not find any specific conformational change to stabilize the complex structure. The resultant loose feature of the N32LD complex is consistent with experimental observations that the N32LD mutation decreases binding affinity but leads to a large entropic gain.
Enhancement of Dielectric Breakdown Strength and Its Possible Mechanism in Triple-Layered Films Formed by Stacking Resin Layers with Different Relative Dielectric Constants
Authors: Inagaki Yumi , Kozawa Takahiro , Yano Kazuhisa , Nakamura Tadashi
Published: October 2022

Dielectric properties of co-extruded triple-layered films consisting of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) sandwiched between polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) layers were evaluated. The triple-layered films showed a higher dielectric breakdown strength and a higher energy density than each single-layer film, and the enhancement depended on the volume ratio of the PMMA layer, which has a lower relative dielectric constant than PVDF. The simulation of dielectric breakdown paths using the phase-field model revealed that the middle layer with a lower dielectric constant shares a higher voltage until its dielectric breakdown, resulting in an enhancement of the dielectric breakdown strength in the triple-layered film. The simulation results well matched the experimental data, indicating that controlling the volume ratio and relative dielectric constant of each layer in the triple-layered film is an effective approach to enhancing dielectric breakdown strength. This concept is considered promising for developing dielectric materials that enable a size reduction of film capacitors.
Perceived Benefits and Barriers to Physical Activity among LGBTQ+ College Students
Authors: Frederick Ginny M. , Bub Kristen L. , Evans Ellen M.
Published: October 2022

Introduction/Purpose

Members of the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) community experience health disparities in part due to health behaviors, including physical activity (PA). This cross-sectional study explored perceived benefits and barriers to PA, an important health behavior for both physical and mental health, among LGBTQ+ college students using quantitative and qualitative methods.

Methods

College students identifying as LGBTQ+ (n = 47) were assessed for PA via accelerometry and completed the Exercise Benefits and Barriers Scale (EBBS). Six focus groups (4–8 participants each) provided qualitative descriptions of perceived benefits and barriers to PA.

Results

PA guidelines (aerobic and resistance training) were met by ~30% of participants. Qualitative descriptions aligned with EBBS subscales of general benefits and barriers to PA. General minority stress, perceived stigma, internalized homophobia, and discrimination and violence emerged as themes related to the experienced barriers. Furthermore, effects of PA on body shape, focus on aesthetics in the LGBTQ+ community, the importance of physically active LGBTQ+ role models, deviance from social or gender norms related to PA, and same-sex relationships and body image were additional concerns related to LGBTQ+ identity.

Conclusions

Qualitative responses indicate that LGBTQ+ college students perceive general benefits and barriers to PA. Barriers to engaging in sufficient PA due to minority stress and concerns related to identity as LGBTQ+ were evident. These findings can be used to develop tailored health promotion programs on college campuses to address the barriers to PA faced by LGBTQ+ students. More research is needed in the college-aged LGBTQ+ community to build robust PA health promotion efforts to enhance inclusivity and reduce health disparities.
Αποτελεσματικότητα της εφαρμογής πρώιμης και εντατικής αναπνευστικής γυμναστικής και άσκησης μετά από καρδιοχειρουργικές επεμβάσεις υπό εξωσωματική κυκλοφορία
Authors: Αυξωνίδης Γεώργιος
Published: October 2022

Σκοπός. Αυτή η τυχαιοποιημένη ελεγχόμενη μελέτη είχε ως στόχο να διερευνήσει την επίδραση ενός προγράμματος πρώιμης κινητοποίησης και ενισχυμένης αναπνευστικής φυσικοθεραπείας κατά την «μετεγχειρητική ημέρα μηδέν» σε κλινικές, αιμοδυναμικές και αναπνευστικές παραμέτρους ασθενών που υποβλήθηκαν σε καρδιοχειρουργικές επεμβάσεις υπό εξωσωματική κυκλοφορία.Μεθοδοι. 78 ασθενείς που υποβλήθηκαν σε αορτοστεφανιαία παράκαμψη (CABG) ή/και χειρουργική επέμβαση βαλβίδων κατανεμήθηκαν τυχαία σε μια ομάδα πρώιμης και ενισχυμένης φυσικοθεραπείας (ομάδα: early and enhanced physiotherapy care; EEPC, πλήθος n = 39) και μια ομάδα συμβατικής φυσικοθεραπείας (ομάδα conventional physiotherapy care; CPC, πλήθος n = 39). Το πρωτόκολλο παρέμβασης για την ομάδα EEPC περιελάμβανε ≤3 Mets σωματικής δραστηριότητας και αναπνευστικής φυσιοθεραπείας στην «μετεγχειρητική ημέρα μηδέν» και μια επιπλέον συνεδρία φυσιοθεραπείας κατά τις τρεις πρώτες μετεγχειρητικές ημέρες, ενώ η ομάδα CPC αντιμετωπίστηκε με τη συνήθη φυσικοθεραπευτική φροντίδα μετά την πρώτη μετεγχειρητική ημέρα. Η διάρκεια παραμονής στο νοσοκομείο και στη μονάδα εντατικής θεραπείας (ΜΕΘ) ορίστηκαν ως τα κύρια αποτελέσματα της μελέτης, ενώ πραγματοποιήθηκαν και σχετικές μετρήσεις για την αξιολόγηση της οξυμετρικής και αιμοδυναμικής επίδρασης της πρώιμης κινητοποίησης και φυσικοθεραπείας πριν και μετά την παρέμβαση. Αποτελέσματα. Ο μέσος όρος ηλικίας των 78 συμμετεχόντων ασθενών ήταν 64,3 ± 8,9 ετών. Από αυτούς οι 48 (61,5%) υποβλήθηκαν σε CABG. Τα δημογραφικά και βασικά κλινικά χαρακτηριστικά δεν διέφεραν μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων. Η συνολική διάρκεια παραμονής στο νοσοκομείο και στη ΜΕΘ ήταν σημαντικά μεγαλύτερη στην ομάδα CPC σε σύγκριση με την ομάδα EEPC (8,1 ± 0,4 ημέρες έναντι 8,9 ± 0,6 ημερών στο νοσοκομείο και 25,4 ± 3 ώρες έναντι 23,2 ± 0,6 ωρών στη ΜΕΘ, αμφότερες τιμές p < 0,001). Επίσης, παρατηρήθηκαν στατιστικά σημαντικές διαφορές μεταξύ των δύο ομάδων στον κορεσμό οξυγόνου πριν από την παρέμβαση και στα επίπεδα PO2 και γαλακτικού οξέος μετά την παρέμβαση (p = 0,022, 0,027 και 0,001, αντίστοιχα), ενδυναμώνοντας το κλινικό όφελος της πρώιμης και ενισχυμένης φυσικοθεραπείας.Συμπεράσματα. Στις εκλεκτικές καρδιοχειρουργικές επεμβάσεις, η πρώιμη μετεγχειρητική κινητοποίηση (σωματική δραστηριότητα ≤3 METS) μαζί με την έγκαιρη και ενισχυμένη αναπνευστική φυσικοθεραπεία φαίνεται πως μπορούν να αποτρέψουν την παρατεταμένη παραμονή στη ΜΕΘ και στο νοσοκομείο, ενώ βελτιώνουν επίσης κάποιες μετεγχειρητικές αιμοδυναμικές και οξυμετρικές παραμέτρους.
The genome sequence of the Adonis blue, Lysandra bellargus (Rottemburg, 1775)
Authors: Lohse Konrad , Hayward Alex , Vila Roger ,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective, Howe Caitlin ,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2022

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Lysandra bellargus (the Adonis blue; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). The genome sequence is 529 megabases in span. The majority of the assembly (99.93%) is scaffolded into 46 chromosomal pseudomolecules with the W and Z sex chromosomes assembled. The complete mitochondrial genome was also assembled and is 15.6 kilobases in length. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl has identified 13,249 protein coding genes.
Go Wide or Go Deep? Assortment Strategy and Order Fulfillment in Online Retail
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Sanjith , Matta Moksh , Yourdshahy Mona Imanpoor , Choudhary Vivek
Published: October 2022

Problem definition: Expansions in product assortment by online retailers often engender operational challenges. In undertaking such expansions, retailers exercise a strategic choice between expanding assortment width or depth. Our understanding of how this choice affects the order fulfillment process is limited. Thus, we examine the impact of these dimensions of assortment strategy on order delivery timeliness. Academic/practical relevance: Order delivery timeliness is a critical measure of operational success in online retail. We contribute to theory and practice by adopting a multidimensional perspective of retailer assortment strategy and studying the relative impact of assortment width and depth on order delivery timeliness. Methodology: Employing a data set comprising more than 200 million orders, we study the effects of assortment strategy on delivery timeliness using an instrumental variable approach. We then utilize a two-stage model to estimate the impact of delivery performance on sales. Further, we employ a matched difference-in-differences and a novel Bayesian structural time-series model to confirm this relationship. Results: We find that assortment width has a greater negative impact on order delivery timeliness compared with assortment depth. A one-standard-deviation increase in assortment width increases average delivery times by 0.55 days. Further, we find this effect to be positively moderated (i.e., worsened) by the average size of orders and to be negatively moderated (i.e., improved) by the logistic service provider’s (LSP) experience. Finally, a one-day increase in delivery times for 10% of the orders results in a 2.7% reduction in sales. Managerial implications: Our findings suggest that online retailers focused on ensuring timely deliveries should be wary of widening product assortments, especially when facing larger average order sizes. We also find that experienced logistic service providers can help mitigate the dilatory effects of assortment width expansions. However, the benefits of experienced LSPs are limited for retailers deepening their assortments.

History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2018 MSOM Data Driven Research Challenge.

Supplemental Material: The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.1156 .
Factors influencing the use of aquatic therapy: perspectives from occupational therapists
Authors: Young Sarah , Collins Tracy
Published: October 2022

Background/Aims

Aquatic therapy has been identified as more conducive than land-based treatment options to improve health and quality of life in some patient populations. However, the prevalence of occupational therapists who implement aquatic therapy in practice is low. The aim of this study was to understand the perceptions of barriers and facilitators to aquatic therapy use by occupational therapists in the USA.

Methods

Individual semi-structured interviews were completed (via Skype) with four occupational therapists who held an ‘aquatic therapeutic exercise certificate’ from the Aquatic Therapy and Rehab Institute. Interviews were audio recorded and manually transcribed verbatim. Inductive thematic analysis was employed to identify themes and sub-themes in the data.

Results

The following three overarching themes were identified: institutional constraints and resources impact aquatic therapy implementation; the perceived lack of unity within the occupational and aquatic therapy communities; and implications of aquatic therapy's low prevalence within the occupational therapy profession.

Conclusions

Institutional factors including pool accessibility, insurance coverage, and employer support are determinants of practitioners' abilities to use aquatic therapy. The research identified a desire for support through networking and the need to build the authority of occupational therapists in aquatic therapy to offset the barriers implicated with being a minority profession.
A qualitative study of illness narratives: ‘overcoming the monster’ master plot for patients with stroke
Authors: Alawafi Rana , Rosewilliam Sheeba , Soundy Andrew
Published: October 2022

Background/Aims

Research that considers illness narrative ‘master plots’ (common and recognisable story plots related to the experience of illness), as expressed by individuals who have had a stroke, is needed Thus far, the literature has focused on identifying pre-established illness narrative master plots: the restitution, the chaos and the quest narrative. However, these narrative plots represent extreme psychological responses to the experience of illness; other narratives need to be understood in order to most effectively support individuals with stroke. Further research must identify if other master plots exist, and consider the implication of such plots.

Methods

A narrative methodology was undertaken, contextualised within a social constructivist worldview. A purposive sample of individuals with stroke undertook a single online semi-structured interview. A categorical-form narrative analysis was undertaken in five stages.

Results

A total of eight individuals were interviewed. Following analysis, six individuals were identified as illustrating experiences related to a master plot termed ‘overcoming the monster’. The ‘monster’ was represented in several ways, which included: a mental health problem or an expression relating to internal feelings; a sense of being isolated from others; a threat to the individual's independence; and a negative interaction or experience related to health care. Individuals identified clear strategies for ‘overcoming the monster’. These included: adopting a different way of viewing life; identifying and attaining both big and small goals; persistence and determination in the face of adversity; and giving support to others through activities and receiving support.

Conclusions

Allied health professionals need to understand the importance of this narrativisation of stroke because research has shown that allied health professionals can stereotype interactions by plots and seek to correct them. Implications of these findings ilustate the importance of understanding the individuals experience, not immediately reacting to a narrative type that may seem to fit, understanding the plot of overcoming the monster varies and may need time to be observed.
Importance of the consultation
Authors: Bawa Manav
Published: October 2022

Introducing a longer and thorough consultation can help practitioners to understand patients' real motivations and emotional attributes and identify any underlying mental health issues. A structured examination also allows different conditions to be diagnosed and provides a thorough and holistic treatment plan to create transformational results, says Dr Manav Bawa
Aesthetic practitioners' professionalism on social media: a cause for concern
Authors: Brackenbury Julie
Published: October 2022

Julie Brackenbury explores the dangers of social media when not used in a professional capacity in the medical aesthetics sector
Education in aesthetics and beyond
Authors: Amrani Clare
Published: October 2022

Clare Amrani discusses the latest exciting updates that took place within the association over the last month, particularly in regard to the autumn conference in Birmingham
Representation of Nature of Science in Physics Textbooks of Cycle 4 Fundamental Schools in Burundi
Authors: Munezero Vianney , Yadav Lakhan Lal , Bugingo Jean Bosco
Published: October 2022

Guided by the analytical framework in the current literature, whereby ten nature of science (NOS) aspects were targeted, this study aims at assessing the extent to which the three physics textbooks for Cycle 4 of Fundamental Schools in Burundi represent the NOS aspects. The quantitative embedded research design which combines the qualitative and quantitative to both the representations of text and images were applied to collect and analyses data. Three physics textbooks used in this study as textbooks I, II and III (grade 7 textbook, grade 8 textbook and grade 9 textbook) were purposively selected. 65 physics lessons were analyzed in three steps including exploring representations of NOS aspects, representations of NOS teaching approaches and accuracy and completeness of NOS aspects. Data were collected using a guide document analysis and a rubric of NOS scoring and were analysed descriptively. The findings found a considerable deficit of NOS aspects in the physics textbooks. The findings also revealed the critical situation where the few lessons poorly represent the NOS aspects and the majority of them do not include the aspects of NOS. Furthermore, this study suggests the in-charge of quality assurance to evaluate and deliberate on the accuracy and completeness of physics textbooks for Cycle 4 of Fundamental Education in Burundi.
Structure of personal narratives in Thai children aged 4 to 6 years old
Authors:   Communication Disorders Program, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand., Techasamran Nittada , Rattakorn Phuanjai ,   Communication Disorders Program, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand., Chinchai Supaporn ,   Communication Disorders Program, Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.
Published: October 2022

Background: Understanding children’s narratives is crucial as it represents language capacity in a naturalistic context and also relates to children’s academic success. However, studies showed that narratives vary not only with age but also in content and structure across cultures. Objectives: To study and compare components and patterns of personal narratives in Thai children aged 4-6 years old. Also, to find narrative structure differences between genders. Materials and methods: Stories of past experiences were elicited from 86 participants aged 4-6 years old. The longest narratives from each participant were analyzed in terms of both narrative components and patterns by using high-point analysis. Comparisons were then drawn for the proportions and differences in narrative structure between age groups and between genders. Results: For narrative components, Thai children told complicating action most frequently. With age, the use of resolution increased significantly from 4-6 years old. For narrative patterns, chronological patterns were found commonly at age 4. Moreover, the incidence of classic patterns rose significantly between the ages of 4 and 6 and reached the highest proportion in usage at ages 5 and 6. No gender difference was found in the narrative structure. Conclusion: Thai children’s narrative structure was presented in this study. The abilities to range events in sequence and resolve the high-point of narratives were found more commonly with their increasing age.
Influence of low-dose X-ray on plasma membrane properties of erythroleukemia cell lines (K562, K562/adr)
Authors:   Radiology Department, Sunpasitthiprasong Hospital, Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand., Pochano Surangkanang , Htun Khin Thandar ,   Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand., Tungjai Montree ,   Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand., Supawat Benjamaporn ,   Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand., Udomtanakunchai Chatchanok ,   Center of Radiation Research and Medical Imaging, Department of Radiologic Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand.
Published: October 2022

Background: Low-dose X-ray in medical use for diagnosis and therapy can result in cellular biology either directly or indirectly. In cell biology, the interaction of low-dose radiation generates many radical molecules that interact with cellular organelles, such as the plasma membrane. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of low-dose X-ray on both drug-sensitive (K562) and drug-resistant (K562/adr) erythroleukemic cell lines. Materials and methods: Cells were exposed by using an X-ray at 135 kVp to obtain the absorbed dose of 0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 Gy. The intracellular reactive oxidant species (RS), malondialdehyde, membrane fluidity, drug uptake, and drug accumulation were instantly observed after radiation. Results: The result showed a significant increase in RS in both cell lines as a function of radiation dose. In K562, the malondialdehyde (MDA) value increased in a radiation dose manner, while membrane fluidity was significantly modified at 0.1 and 0.2 Gy. In K562/adr, the uptake rate of pirarubicin (THP) and IC20 were altered but not significantly different from sham control. Conclusion: Low-dose X-ray significantly increased the intracellular RS in both cell lines and decreased the membrane fluidity at 0.1 Gy of K562. There are alterations of anticancer drug uptake rate in both cell lines, but they are not significant.
Wear Behavior between a Jujube Branch and a Hammer Claw of a Jujube Branch Crusher
Authors: Ding Longpeng , Li Jingbin , Kan Za , Lei Shibo , Li Ning , Ren Hao
Published: October 2022

Highlights

The wear behavior between the metal and the nonmetal was discussed.

The wear characteristics between jujube branches and hammer claws at different sliding speeds were studied.

The effects of the morphology of jujube branches and debris on wear behavior were analyzed.

Abstract.A jujube branches crusher can effectively solve the difficult processing problem of the abandoned jujube branches, but the hammer claw, a key part in the crusher, often breaks due to wear. Studying the wear resistance of the hammer claw under different rotating speeds can improve the service life of the jujube branches crusher. The factors affecting the wear characteristics of the hammer claw were studied by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Wear tests and theoretical calculations showed that the friction coefficient between the hammer claw and the jujube branches tended to decrease as the speed increased, and the friction coefficient was the lowest at 45 m/min. There are two reasons for this phenomenon. The first reason is that the physical characteristics of jujube branches lead to a decrease in the friction coefficient. Second, with increasing speed, the friction coefficient of the contact surface will be further reduced by the lamellar-type debris of the jujube branches and spherical debris of the hammer claw. This work should be able to provide an experimental and theoretical basis for the selection of the rotation speed of a jujube branches crusher under actual working conditions. Keywords: Characterization, Hammer claw, Jujube branches, Sliding speed, Wear.
Designing Arduino Instruction for Novice Agriculture Students: Effects on Interest, Self-efficacy, and Knowledge
Authors: Johnson Donald M. , Pate Michael Lynn , Estepp Christopher M. , Wardlow George W. , Hood Grant T.
Published: October 2022

Highlights

An instructional treatment for teaching novice Arduino users was developed, tested, refined, and found to be effective.

The revised instructional treatment significantly increased novice users’ interest, knowledge, self-efficacy, and skills in using Arduinos.

Incorporation of small ‘practice activities’ during the lesson portion of the instructional treatment was proven effective.

The results support the use of the program evaluation model and self-efficacy theory as effective frameworks for instructional development.

Abstract. This study employed the program evaluation model and self-efficacy theory to develop, evaluate, revise, and re-evaluate an instructional treatment (lesson and hands-on activity) intended to increase the interest, self-efficacy, and knowledge of novice Arduino users in two colleges of agriculture. Arduino is a line of programmable, open-source microcontrollers widely used in education and research. Program evaluation provides an iterative model of instructional development where the results of a pilot-test are used to guide refinement of instruction and materials which are reevaluated in subsequent test(s). Self-efficacy theory posits that positive mastery, vicarious, and social persuasion experiences lead to increased confidence in task performance and subject matter interest. In the pilot-test study at University A (n = 27), the initial instructional treatment resulted in significant (p < 0.05) and large increases in students’ breadboarding self-efficacy and Arduino knowledge, but not in programming self-efficacy or interest in learning about Arduino. After revising the instructional treatment to include four hands-on tasks as part of the lesson, the re-test study at University B (n = 20) resulted in significant (p < 0.05) and large increases in students’ interest in learning about Arduino, breadboarding self-efficacy, programming self-efficacy, and Arduino knowledge. The results of this study indicated the utility of program evaluation as a curriculum development model and the efficacy of incorporating small hands-on activities into lessons for novices learning new technical skills. Finally, use of self-efficacy theory as a framework for curriculum development was validated. Keywords: Arduino, Microcontrollers, Novice programmers, Program evaluation model, Self-efficacy theory, Teaching.
Broadband gain performance in the mid-IR using supercontinuum: 2.7  µm gain in high-purity Er3+doped tungsten tellurite glass fibers
Authors: Muraviev S. V. , Dorofeev V. V. , Motorin S. E. , Koptev M. Yu. , Kim A. V.
Published: October 2022

This paper presents an experimental study of broadband mid-IR
amplification that is carried out, for the first time, to the best of
our knowledge, in an erbium-doped tungsten tellurite fiber. A simple,
robust supercontinuum source based on a tapered germanate fiber is
developed as a seed input in the region of 1.5–3 µm. We show
that gain by a factor of 5 on one pass can be achieved in the
2.7 µm range by pumping a low-cost, high-efficiency diode laser
at 976 nm using high-purity tellurite glass fibers.
Real-time batch inspection system for surface defects on circular optical filters
Authors: Zheng Jishi , Yu Wenying , Ding Zhigang , Kong Linghua , Liu Shuqi , Chen Qingqiang
Published: October 2022

Optical filters, one of the essential parts of many optical instruments, are used to select a specific radiation band of optical devices. There are specifications for the surface quality of the optical filter in order to ensure the instrument’s regular operation. The traditional machine learning techniques for examining the optical filter surface quality mentioned in the current studies primarily rely on the manual extraction of feature data, which restricts their ability to detect optical filter surfaces with multiple defects. In order to solve the problems of low detection efficiency and poor detection accuracy caused by defects too minor and too numerous types of defects, this paper proposes a real-time batch optical filter surface quality inspection method based on deep learning and image processing techniques. The first part proposes an optical filter surface defect detection and identification method for seven typical defects. A deep learning model is trained for defect detection and recognition by constructing a dataset. The second part uses image processing techniques to locate the accurate position of the defect, determine whether the defect is located within the effective aperture, and analyze the critical eigenvalue data of the defect. The experimental results show that the method improves productivity and product quality and reduces the manual workload by 90%. The proposed model and method also compare the results of surface defect detection with the actual measurement data in the field, verifying that the method has good recognition accuracy while improving efficiency.
Optical biosensor based on SERS with signal calibration function for quantitative detection of carcinoembryonic antigen
Authors: Wang Tingyin , Zhu Youzhi , Weng Shuyun , Lin Xueliang , Kong Kien Voon , Weng Youliang , Jia Xianggang , Chen Rong , Lin Duo , Feng Shangyuan
Published: October 2022

Monitoring the levels of cancer biomarkers is essential for cancer diagnosis and evaluation. In this study, a novel sandwich type sensing platform based on surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technology was developed for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.258 ng/mL. In order to achieve sensitive detection of CEA in complex samples, gold nanoparticle monolayer modified with CEA antibodies and with aptamer-functionalized probes was fabricated to target CEA. Two gold layers were integrated into the SERS platform, which greatly enhanced the signal of the probe by generating tremendous “hot spots”. Meanwhile, the intensity ratio of Raman probes and the second-order peak of the silicon wafer was used to achieve dynamic calibration of the Raman probe signal. Excitingly, this sensing platform was capable of distinguishing cancer patients from healthy individuals via CEA concentrations in blood samples with the accuracy of 100%. This sandwich structure SERS sensing platform presented promising potential to be an alternative tool for clinical biomarker detection in the field of cancer diagnosis.
Genetic and environmental drivers of large-scale epigenetic variation in Thlaspi arvense
Authors: Galanti Dario , Ramos-Cruz Daniela , Nunn Adam , Rodríguez-Arévalo Isaac , Scheepens J. F. , Becker Claude , Bossdorf Oliver
Published: October 2022

Natural plant populations often harbour substantial heritable variation in DNA methylation. However, a thorough understanding of the genetic and environmental drivers of this epigenetic variation requires large-scale and high-resolution data, which currently exist only for a few model species. Here, we studied 207 lines of the annual weedThlaspi arvense(field pennycress), collected across a large latitudinal gradient in Europe and propagated in a common environment. By screening for variation in DNA sequence and DNA methylation using whole-genome (bisulfite) sequencing, we found significant epigenetic population structure across Europe. Average levels of DNA methylation were strongly context-dependent, with highest DNA methylation in CG context, particularly in transposable elements and in intergenic regions. Residual DNA methylation variation within all contexts was associated with genetic variants, which often co-localized with annotated methylation machinery genes but also with new candidates. Variation in DNA methylation was also significantly associated with climate of origin, with methylation levels being lower in colder regions and in more variable climates. Finally, we used variance decomposition to assess genetic versus environmental associations with differentially methylated regions (DMRs). We found that while genetic variation was generally the strongest predictor of DMRs, the strength of environmental associations increased from CG to CHG and CHH, with climate-of-origin as the strongest predictor in about one third of the CHH DMRs. In summary, our data show that natural epigenetic variation inThlaspi arvenseis significantly associated with both DNA sequence and environment of origin, and that the relative importance of the two factors strongly depends on the sequence context of DNA methylation.T.arvenseis an emerging biofuel and winter cover crop; our results may hence be relevant for breeding efforts and agricultural practices in the context of rapidly changing environmental conditions.
Constructing, validating, and updating machine learning models to predict survival in children with Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: Genisca Alicia E. , Butler Kelsey , Gainey Monique , Chu Tzu-Chun , Huang Lawrence , Mbong Eta N. , Kennedy Stephen B. , Laghari Razia , Nganga Fiston , Muhayangabo Rigobert F. , Vaishnav Himanshu , Perera Shiromi M. , Adeniji Moyinoluwa , Levine Adam C. , Michelow Ian C. , Colubri Andrés
Published: October 2022

Background

Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) causes high case fatality rates (CFRs) in young children, yet there are limited data focusing on predicting mortality in pediatric patients. Here we present machine learning-derived prognostic models to predict clinical outcomes in children infected with Ebola virus.

Methods

Using retrospective data from the Ebola Data Platform, we investigated children with EVD from the West African EVD outbreak in 2014–2016. Elastic net regularization was used to create a prognostic model for EVD mortality. In addition to external validation with data from the 2018–2020 EVD epidemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), we updated the model using selected serum biomarkers.

Findings

Pediatric EVD mortality was significantly associated with younger age, lower PCR cycle threshold (Ct) values, unexplained bleeding, respiratory distress, bone/muscle pain, anorexia, dysphagia, and diarrhea. These variables were combined to develop the newly described EVD Prognosis in Children (EPiC) predictive model. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for EPiC was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.74–0.81) in the West Africa derivation dataset and 0.76 (95% CI: 0.64–0.88) in the DRC validation dataset. Updating the model with peak aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or creatinine kinase (CK) measured within the first 48 hours after admission increased the AUC to 0.90 (0.77–1.00) and 0.87 (0.74–1.00), respectively.

Conclusion

The novel EPiC prognostic model that incorporates clinical information and commonly used biochemical tests, such as AST and CK, can be used to predict mortality in children with EVD.
Diverse susceptibilities and responses of human and rodent cells to orthohantavirus infection reveal different levels of cellular restriction
Authors: Gallo Giulia , Kotlik Petr , Roingeard Philippe , Monot Marc , Chevreux Guillaume , Ulrich Rainer G. , Tordo Noël , Ermonval Myriam
Published: October 2022

Orthohantaviruses are rodent-borne emerging viruses that may cause severe diseases in humans but no apparent pathology in their small mammal reservoirs. However, the mechanisms leading to tolerance or pathogenicity in humans and persistence in rodent reservoirs are poorly understood, as is the manner in which they spread within and between organisms. Here, we used a range of cellular and molecular approaches to investigate the interactions of three different orthohantaviruses–Puumala virus (PUUV), responsible for a mild to moderate form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in humans, Tula virus (TULV) with low pathogenicity, and non-pathogenic Prospect Hill virus (PHV)–with human and rodent host cell lines. Besides the fact that cell susceptibility to virus infection was shown to depend on the cell type and virus strain, the three orthohantaviruses were able to infect Vero E6 and HuH7 human cells, but only the former secreted infectious particles. In cells derived from PUUV reservoir, the bank vole (Myodes glareolus), PUUV achieved a complete viral cycle, while TULV did not enter the cells and PHV infected them but did not produce infectious particles, reflecting differences in host specificity. A search for mature virions by electron microscopy (EM) revealed that TULV assembly occurred in part at the plasma membrane, whereas PHV particles were trapped in autophagic vacuoles in cells of the heterologous rodent host. We described differential interactions of orthohantaviruses with cellular factors, as supported by the cellular distribution of viral nucleocapsid protein with cell compartments, and proteomics identification of cellular partners. Our results also showed that interferon (IFN) dependent gene expression was regulated in a cell and virus species dependent manner. Overall, our study highlighted the complexity of the host-virus relationship and demonstrated that orthohantaviruses are restricted at different levels of the viral cycle. In addition, the study opens new avenues to further investigate how these viruses differ in their interactions with cells to evade innate immunity and how it depends on tissue type and host species.
Missing science: A scoping study of COVID-19 epidemiological data in the United States
Authors: Bhatia Rajiv , Sledge Isabella , Baral Stefan
Published: October 2022

Systematic approaches to epidemiologic data collection are critical for informing pandemic responses, providing information for the targeting and timing of mitigations, for judging the efficacy and efficiency of alternative response strategies, and for conducting real-world impact assessments. Here, we report on a scoping study to assess the completeness of epidemiological data available for COVID-19 pandemic management in the United States, enumerating authoritative US government estimates of parameters of infectious transmission, infection severity, and disease burden and characterizing the extent and scope of US public health affiliated epidemiological investigations published through November 2021. While we found authoritative estimates for most expected transmission and disease severity parameters, some were lacking, and others had significant uncertainties. Moreover, most transmission parameters were not validated domestically or re-assessed over the course of the pandemic. Publicly available disease surveillance measures did grow appreciably in scope and resolution over time; however, their resolution with regards to specific populations and exposure settings remained limited. We identified 283 published epidemiological reports authored by investigators affiliated with U.S. governmental public health entities. Most reported on descriptive studies. Published analytic studies did not appear to fully respond to knowledge gaps or to provide systematic evidence to support, evaluate or tailor community mitigation strategies. The existence of epidemiological data gaps 18 months after the declaration of the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need for more timely standardization of data collection practices and for anticipatory research priorities and protocols for emerging infectious disease epidemics.
Inhibition of RIP1-RIP3-mediated necroptosis attenuates renal fibrosis via Wnt3α/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling in unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Piao Shang Guo , Ding Jun , Lin Xue Jing , Nan Qi Yan , Xuan Mei Ying , Jiang Yu Ji , Zheng Hai Lan , Jin Ji Zhe , Li Can
Published: October 2022

Renal fibrosis represents the final common outcome of chronic kidney disease of virtually any etiology. However, the mechanism underlying the evolution of renal fibrosis remains to be addressed. This study sought to clarify whether RIP1-RIP3-mediated necroptosis is involved in renal fibrosis via Wnt3α/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling in vitro and in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Rats with UUO were administered RIP inhibitors (necrostatin-1 or GSK872) or β-catenin/TCF inhibitor ICG-001 daily for 7 consecutive days. UUO caused significant renal tubular necrosis and overexpression of RIP1-RIP3-MLKL axis proteins, and was accompanied by activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and renal fibrosis. Oxidative stress caused by UUO was closely associated with endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction, which resulted in apoptotic cell death via Wnt3α/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling. All of these effects were abolished by an RIP inhibitor (necrostatin-1 or GSK872) or ICG-001. In H2O2-treated HK-2 cells, both RIP inhibitor and ICG-001 decreased intracellular reactive oxygen species production and apoptotic cells, but increased cell viability. Activated Wnt3α/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling was decreased by either RIP inhibitor or ICG-001. Our findings suggest that RIP1-RIP3-mediated necroptosis contributes to the development of renal fibrosis via Wnt3α/β-catenin/GSK-3β signaling in UUO and may be a therapeutic target for protection against renal scarring of other origins.
After the blades: The late MIS3 flake-based technology at Shuidonggou Locality 2, North China
Authors: Zhang Peiqi , Zwyns Nicolas , Peng Fei , Lin Sam C. , Johnson Corey L. , Guo Jialong , Wang Huiming , Gao Xing
Published: October 2022

Contrasting with the predominance of blade-based assemblages in the Eurasian Upper Paleolithic, the large-scale persistence of a core-and-flake technology remains one of the defining features of Late Pleistocene lithic technology in East Asia. In North China, Shuidonggou is an exceptional site where both technologies are documented, therefore, it is an important archaeological sequence to understand regional technological evolution during the Marine Isotopic Stage 3. Blade technology first occurred at Shuidonggou Locality 1 and 2 around 41 ka cal BP while core-and-flake assemblages were widespread in North China. However, systematic technological studies on assemblages postdating 34 ka cal BP have not been conducted to examine whether the blade technology appeared and disappeared over a short yet abrupt episode, or persists and integrates into other forms in the region. Here, we conducted qualitative and quantitative analyses to reconstruct lithic productions on the assemblages at Shuidonggou Locality 2, dated after 34 ka cal BP. Our results show that there is a total absence of laminar elements in stone artifacts dated to 34–28 ka cal BP at Shuidonggou. Instead, we observe a dominance of an expedient production of flakes in the younger assemblages, illustrating a rapid return to flake-based technology after a relatively brief episode of stone blade production. Combining archaeological, environmental, and genetic evidence, we suggest that this technological ‘reversal’ from blades back to core and flake technology reflect population dynamics and adaptive strategies at an ecological interface between East Asian winter and summer monsoon.
Physical activity mitigates the link between adverse childhood experiences and depression among U.S. adults
Authors: Royer Michael F. , Wharton Christopher
Published: October 2022

Background

Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) include potentially traumatic exposures to neglect, abuse, and household problems involving substance abuse, mental illness, divorce, incarceration, and death. Past study findings suggest ACEs contribute to depression, while physical activity alleviates depression. Little is known about the link between ACEs and physical activity as it relates to depression among U.S. adults. This research had a primary objective of determining the role of physical activity within the link between ACEs and depression. The significance of this study involves examining physical activity as a form of behavioral medicine.

Methods

Data from the 2020 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were fit to Pearson chi-square and multivariable logistic regression models to examine the links between ACEs and depression, ACEs and physical activity, and physical activity and depression among U.S. adults ages 18-and-older (n = 117,204) from 21 states and the District of Columbia, while also determining whether physical activity attenuates the association between ACEs and depression.

Results

Findings from chi-square analyses indicated that ACEs are related to physical activity (χ2 = 19.4, df = 1; p<0.01) and depression (χ2 = 6,841.6, df = 1; p<0.0001). Regression findings suggest ACEs were linked to depression (AOR = 1.050; 95% CI = 1.049, 1.051). ACEs and physical activity (AOR = 0.994; 95% CI = 0.992, 0.995) and physical activity and depression (AOR = 0.927; 95% CI = 0.922, 0.932) were both inversely related. Physical activity mitigated the link between ACEs and depression (AOR = 0.995; 95% CI = 0.993, 0.996).

Conclusions

This research addressed a critical knowledge gap concerning how ACEs and physical activity contribute to depression outcomes among U.S. adults. Findings suggest physical activity mitigates the effect of ACEs on depression. Future studies should apply physical activity interventions to alleviate depression among U.S. adults with high ACEs.
Exogenous glucose oxidation during endurance exercise under low energy availability
Authors: Kojima Chihiro , Ishibashi Aya , Ebi Kumiko , Goto Kazushige
Published: October 2022

The present study was conducted to determine the effect of endurance exercise under low energy availability (EA) on exogenous glucose oxidation during endurance exercise. Ten active males (21.4 ± 0.6 years, 170.4 ± 1.4 cm, 62.4 ± 1.5 kg, 21.5 ± 0.4 kg/m2) completed two trials, consisting of two consecutive days (days 1 and 2) of endurance training under low EA (19.9 ± 0.2 kcal/kg fat free mass [FFM]/day, LEA trial) or normal EA (46.4 ± 0.1 kcal/kg FFM/day, NEA trial). The order of these two trials was randomized with at least a 1-week interval between trials. As an endurance training, participants performed 60 min of treadmill running at 70% of maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) during two consecutive days (on days 1 and 2). On day 1, the endurance training was performed with consumed individually manipulated meals. During the endurance exercise on day 2, exogenous glucose oxidation was evaluated using 13C-labeled glucose, and respiratory gas samples were collected. In addition, blood glucose and lactate concentrations were measured immediately after exercise on day 2. Body composition, blood parameters, and resting respiratory gas variables were evaluated under overnight fasting on days 1 and 2. Body weight was significantly reduced in the LEA trial on day2 (day1: 61.8 ± 1.4 kg, day 2: 61.3 ± 1.4 kg, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between trials in 13C excretion (P = 0.33) and area under the curve during the 60 min of exercise (LEA trial: 40.4 ± 3.1 mmol•60min, NEA trial: 40.4 ± 3.1 mmol•60min, P = 0.99). However, the respiratory exchange ratio (RER, LEA trial: 0.88 ± 0.01, NEA trial: 0.90 ± 0.01) and carbohydrate oxidation (LEA trial: 120.1 ± 8.8 g, NEA trial: 136.8 ± 8.6 g) during endurance exercise showed significantly lower values in the LEA trial than in the NEA trial (P = 0.01 for RER and carbohydrate oxidation). Serum insulin and total ketone body concentrations were significantly changed after a day of endurance training under low EA (P = 0.04 for insulin, P < 0.01 for total ketone). In conclusion, low EA during endurance exercise reduced systemic carbohydrate oxidation; however, exogenous glucose oxidation (evaluated by 13C excretion) remained unchanged during exercise under low EA.