bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rational Design of Dot‐on‐Rod Nano‐Heterostructure for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction: Pivotal Role of Hole Transfer and Utilization
Authors: Xin Zhi‐Kun , Gao Yu‐Ji , Gao Yuying , Song Hong‐Wei , Zhao Jiaqing , Fan Fengtao , Xia An‐Dong , Li Xu‐Bing , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu
Published: October 2021

Inspired by green plants, artificial photosynthesis has become one of the most attractive approaches toward carbon dioxide (CO2) valorization. Semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) or dot‐in‐rod (DIR) nano‐heterostructures have gained substantial research interest in multielectron photoredox reactions. However, fast electron–hole recombination or sluggish hole transfer and utilization remains unsatisfactory for their potential applications. Here, the first application of a well‐designed ZnSe/CdS dot‐on‐rods (DORs) nano‐heterostructure for efficient and selective CO2 photoreduction with H2O as an electron donor is presented. In‐depth spectroscopic studies reveal that surface‐anchored ZnSe QDs not only assist ultrafast (≈2 ps) electron and hole separation, but also promote interfacial hole transfer participating in oxidative half‐reactions. Surface photovoltage (SPV) spectroscopy provides a direct image of spatially separated electrons in CdS and holes in ZnSe. Therefore, ZnSe/CdS DORs photocatalyze CO2 to CO with a rate of ≈11.3 µmol g−1 h−1 and ≥85% selectivity, much higher than that of ZnSe/CdS DIRs or pristine CdS nanorods under identical conditions. Obviously, favored energy‐level alignment and unique morphology balance the utilization of electrons and holes in this nano‐heterostructure, thus enhancing the performance of artificial photosynthetic solar‐to‐chemical conversion.
An Intelligent Tunicate Swarm Algorithm Based MPPT Control Strategy for Multiple Configurations of PV Systems Under Partial Shading Conditions
Authors: Mansoor Majad , Mirza Adeel Feroz , Long Fei , Ling Qiang
Published: October 2021

Solar energy is the most techno‐economically viable renewable source of energy and can be effectively converted into electrical power by Photovoltaic (PV) systems. As partial shading (PS) may reduce the harvested energy of PV systems, this paper proposes a novel tunicate swarm algorithm (TSA) based MPPT (maximum power point tracking) strategy to tackle the PS issue. More specifically, the simple and effective modeling of TSA with a search and skipping (SAS) scheme is utilized to minimize the tracking time and search area. The SAS scheme can discard the voltage range lacking global maximum power point (GMPP) and significantly reduce computation time. Consequently, power tracking, tracking time, and robustness can be greatly enhanced. The performance of the proposed TSA strategy is comprehensively analyzed against state‐of‐the‐art techniques, including incremental conductance (InC), improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), grey wolf optimization (GWO), and cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), through detailed case studies, which include standard array configurations, PS conditions, varying irradiance patterns, fast‐changing temperature, and the field atmospheric data. TSA is further validated on a low‐cost hardware setup, confirming its superior performance. The results provide insightful validation of the practicality of the proposed TSA strategy in the real‐world applications.
Hemagglutinin Nanoparticulate Vaccine with Controlled Photochemical Immunomodulation for Pathogenic Influenza‐Specific Immunity
Authors: Jeong Hayoon , Lee Chung‐Sung , Lee Jangsu , Lee Jonghwan , Hwang Hee Sook , Lee Min , Na Kun
Published: October 2021

Recently, viral infectious diseases, including COVID‐19 and Influenza, are the subjects of major concerns worldwide. One strategy for addressing these concerns focuses on nasal vaccines, which have great potential for achieving successful immunization via safe, easy, and affordable approaches. However, conventional nasal vaccines have major limitations resulting from fast removal when pass through nasal mucosa and mucociliary clearance hindering their effectiveness. Herein a nanoparticulate vaccine (NanoVac) exhibiting photochemical immunomodulation and constituting a new self‐assembled immunization system of a photoactivatable polymeric adjuvant with influenza virus hemagglutinin for efficient nasal delivery and antigen‐specific immunity against pathogenic influenza viruses is described. NanoVac increases the residence period of antigens and further enhances by spatiotemporal photochemical modulation in the nasal cavity. As a consequence, photochemical immunomodulation of NanoVacs successfully induces humoral and cellular immune responses followed by stimulation of mature dendritic cells, plasma cells, memory B cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, resulting in secretion of antigen‐specific immunoglobulins, cytokines, and CD8+ T cells. Notably, challenge with influenza virus after nasal immunization with NanoVacs demonstrates robust prevention of viral infection. Thus, this newly designed vaccine system can serve as a promising strategy for developing vaccines that are active against current hazardous pathogen outbreaks and pandemics.
Schottky Heterojunction Nanosheet Array Achieving High‐Current‐Density Oxygen Evolution for Industrial Water Splitting Electrolyzers
Authors: Wen Qunlei , Yang Ke , Huang Danji , Cheng Gao , Ai Xiaomeng , Liu Youwen , Fang Jiakun , Li Huiqiao , Yu Lin , Zhai Tianyou
Published: October 2021

Versatile catalyst systems with large current density under industrial conditions are pivotal to give impetus to hydrogen energy from fundamental to practical applications. Herein, a Schottky heterojunction nanosheet array composed of dispersed NiFe hydroxide nanoparticles and ultrathin NiS nanosheets (NiFe LDH/NiS) is proposed to regulate cooperatively mass transport and electronic structure for triggering oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity at high current. In catalytic systems, the rich porosity of the NiS nanosheet array contributes abundant catalytic sites and good infiltration of the electrolyte for fast mass transfer. Furthermore, theoretical calculations reveal the coupling of NiFe LDH onto the NiS could tune the d‐band center of Ni(Fe) atoms and the binding strength of oxygen intermediates for favorable OER kinetics. Therefore, the NiFe LDH/NiS Schottky heterojunction exhibits a remarkable OER activity, delivering a current density of 1000 mA cm–2 at the ultralow overpotential of 325 mV. Meanwhile, scaled‐up NiFe LDH/NiS electrodes are implemented in an industrial water splitting electrolyzer and exhibit a stable cell voltage of 2.01 V to deliver a constant catalytic current of 8000 mA over 80 h, saving 0.215 kWh of electricity to generate more hydrogen per cubic meter than commercial Raney Ni electrodes.
Synthesis, XRD and Mechanistic Studies of α‐Aryl‐β,β‐ditosyloxy Ketones: An Oxidative 1,2‐Aryl Migration in α,β‐Unsaturated Diaryl Ketones Under Metal Free Conditions
Authors: Kumar Ravinder , Parkash Jai , Kamal Raj , Kumar Vipan , Saini Sangeeta
Published: October 2021

The given study investigates and validates [hydroxy(tosyloxy)iodo]benzene (HTIB) mediated oxidative 1,2‐aryl C−C migration in variegated α,β‐unsaturated diaryl ketones. This oxidative‐skeletal rearrangement ultimately outgrowth to α‐aryl‐β,β‐ditosyloxy ketones in presence of CH2Cl2. The structure of products has been very well established using various spectral techniques 1H &13C‐NMR, IR and single crystal XRD. The generality of fascinating 1,2‐aryl C−C migration was thoroughly investigated and verified by electronic (EDG/EWG) and steric factors on different derivatives of α,β‐unsaturated diaryl ketones. Mechanism of 1,2‐aryl C−C migration has also been supported by computational studies using B3LYP‐D3 level of theory. Aesthetically this novel and unique three carbon component would expose a direct and conceptually robust strategy to access regioselective synthesis of 4,5‐diaryl isoxazoles, 4,5‐diaryl pyrazoles and 1,4,5‐triaryl pyrazoles and also efficient access to desoxybenzoin and other important β,β‐difunctionalized chemical entities.
The role of spatial ability in mixed reality learning with the HoloLens
Authors: Ho Simon , Liu Pu , Palombo Daniela J. , Handy Todd C. , Krebs Claudia
Published: October 2021

The use of mixed reality in science education has been increasing and as such it has become more important to understand how information is learned in these virtual environments. Spatial ability is important in many learning contexts, but especially in neuroanatomy education where learning the locations and spatial relationships between brain regions is paramount. It is currently unclear what role spatial ability plays in mixed reality learning environments, and whether it is different compared to traditional physical environments. To test this, a learning experiment was conducted where students learned neuroanatomy using both mixed reality and a physical plastic model of a brain (N = 27). Spatial ability was assessed and analyzed to determine its effect on performance across the two learning modalities. The results showed that spatial ability facilitated learning in mixed reality (β = 0.21, P = 0.003), but not when using a plastic model (β = 0.08, P = 0.318). A non‐significant difference was observed between the modalities in terms of knowledge test performance (d = 0.39, P = 0.052); however, mixed reality was more engaging (d = 0.59, P = 0.005) and learners were more confident in the information they learned compared to using a physical model (d = 0.56, P = 0.007). Overall, these findings suggest that spatial ability is more relevant in virtual learning environments, where the ability to manipulate and interact with an object is diminished or abstracted through a virtual user interface.
Early diagnosis of oral squamous cell carcinoma may ensure better prognosis: A case series
Authors: Bramati Chiara , Abati Silvio , Bondi Stefano , Lissoni Alessandra , Arrigoni Gianluigi , Filipello Federica , Trimarchi Matteo
Published: October 2021

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is an extremely malignant tumour: in order to reduce mortality and morbidity, early diagnosis and treatment is the clinician's best weapon.
A way forward towards a technology‐driven development of industry 4.0 using big data analytics in 5G‐enabled IIoT
Authors: Atharvan Gannu , Koolikkara Madom Krishnamoorthy Sreelakshmi , Dua Amit , Gupta Shashank
Published: October 2021

The evolution of Internet of Things (IoT) has led to the development of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT). IIoT is one the widely applied areas to facilitate people in the manufacturing world. The adoption of IIoT automates sensing, capturing, communicating, and processing in real time. To understand how rapidly IoT and IIoT are growing, this article examines the emergence of 5G‐enabled IIoT, current research trends in IIoT, key milestones achieved in IIoT, and IoT applications specific to 5G‐enabled IIoT. The paper presents the state‐of‐the‐art in networking layered framework of IIoT and comparing relationships of technologies of cloud computing as well as edge computing paradigms. We also explored the type of security attacks and their preventive measures in an IIoT‐driven 5G technology. We have also highlighted the revolution of IIoT‐driven 5G framework which satisfies the demands of IIoT applications.
Morphometric study and sexual dimorphism analyses in an Iranian population of Scorpio maurus (Arachnida: Scorpionidae)
Authors: Soltan‐Alinejad Parisa , Parsaei Saman , Dianat Ali , Nikbakhtazadeh Mahmood , Azizi Kourosh
Published: October 2021

Natural selection and sexual selection are cardinal factors in shaping the body of animals such as scorpions. Scorpio maurus (Scorpiones: Scorpionidae) has a worldwide distribution. Sexual dimorphism has been reported from this species in a study in Egypt. Morphometry is used to determine the sexual dimorphism between the two sexes. In the current study, scorpions were collected from six locations of the southern and northern provinces of Fars, Iran. In this study, 53 morphological characters of 15 specimens of each sex of Scorpio maurus were studied based on statistical analyses; however, dimorphism was only observed in 21 morphological characters, including chelicerae and carapace length, pedipalp characters, width of the second segment of metasoma, telson and pectin length, number of left pectin teeth, and some of the leg's segments. It means that these characters are in the control of sexual and natural selection. This study was performed for the first time on Scorpio maurus species in Iran.
Patterns of infection, origins, and transmission of ranaviruses among the ectothermic vertebrates of Asia
Authors: Herath Jayampathi , Ellepola Gajaba , Meegaskumbura Madhava
Published: October 2021

Ranaviral infections, a malady of ectothermic vertebrates, are becoming frequent, severe, and widespread, causing mortality among both wild and cultured species, raising odds of species extinctions and economic losses. This increase in infection is possibly due to the broad host range of ranaviruses and the transmission of these pathogens through regional and international trade in Asia, where outbreaks have been increasingly reported over the past decade. Here, we focus attention on the origins, means of transmission, and patterns of spread of this infection within the region. Infections have been recorded in both cultured and wild populations in at least nine countries/administrative regions, together with mass die‐offs in some regions. Despite the imminent seriousness of the disease in Asia, surveillance efforts are still incipient. Some of the viral strains within Asia may transmit across host–taxon barriers, posing a significant risk to native species. Factors such as rising temperatures due to global climate change seem to exacerbate ranaviral activity, as most known outbreaks have been recorded during summer; however, data are still inadequate to verify this pattern for Asia. Import risk analysis, using protocols such as Pandora+, pre‐border pathogen screening, and effective biosecurity measures, can be used to mitigate introduction of ranaviruses to uninfected areas and curb transmission within Asia. Comprehensive surveillance using molecular diagnostic tools for ranavirus species and variants will help in understanding the prevalence and disease burden in the region. This is an important step toward conserving native biodiversity and safeguarding the aquaculture industry.
Evolution and expansion dynamics of a vector‐borne virus: 2004–2006 vesicular stomatitis outbreak in the western USA
Authors: Palinski Rachel , Pauszek Steven J. , Humphreys John M. , Peters Debra P.C. , McVey D. Scott , Pelzel‐McCluskey Angela M. , Derner Justin D. , Burruss N. Dylan , Arzt Jonathan , Rodriguez Luis L.
Published: October 2021

Vesicular stomatitis (VS) is an arthropod‐borne viral disease that negatively impacts domestic livestock and wildlife hosts, and economically impacts both private animal owners and the commercial livestock industry. Previous phylogenetic studies, based on partial P gene sequences, suggested that outbreak cycles of the virus (VSV) exhibit a two‐phase dynamic (i.e., incursion and expansion). A single viral lineage from endemic areas of Mexico introduced into the southern United States during an incursion year (2004), can overwinter, and then expand throughout the western United States during the subsequent spring and summer seasons (2005). Our objective was to build on this past research using full‐length viral genomic sequences from Mexico and the United States from the same outbreak, and a large suite of geospatial data to identify the environmental factors that influence VSV evolution in the United States and potentially drive the incursion–expansion dynamics. Our phylogeographic analysis confirmed that a single VS New Jersey virus (VSNJV) lineage initiated the 2004 incursion year outbreak was subject to decreasing genetic divergence during the 2004–2006 outbreak cycle, and likely overwintered between the 2004–2006 outbreak seasons. However, rather than a simple geographic relationship, viral genetic sublineages or patristic groups identified as part of our study, were found to be associated with seasonally varying evaporative demand, soil moisture, and precipitation. Our results suggest a functional role for these environmental factors in shaping the evolution and ecology of VSNJV. We speculate a nexus to insect‐vector switching and possible adaptation to local environmental conditions to help explain the observed incursion–expansion dynamic in the United States in the 2004–2006 outbreak. Our approach of linking the phylogeography of a virus with the ecology of insect vectors can be applied to other vector‐borne diseases.
Psychological distress in early childhood and the risk of adolescent spinal pain with impact
Authors: Dario Amabile Borges , Kamper Steven James , Williams Christopher , Straker Leon , O’Sullivan Peter , Schütze Robert , Smith Anne
Published: October 2021

Background

Spinal pain (SP), including neck and back pain, is common and often associated with poor mental health and reduced quality of life of adolescents. Contemporary understanding of SP favours a biopsychosocial approach, and emerging evidence suggests the stronger influence of psychological rather than other factors.

Objectives

We aimed to investigate if experiencing psychological distress in early childhood increases the risk of spinal pain with impact during adolescence.

Methods

1175 adolescents from a prospective cohort study (Raine Study Gen2) were included. Psychological distress was assessed at ages 2, 5, 8 and 10 using Child Behaviour Check List (CBCL). CBCL total and subscale scores (internalizing and externalizing symptoms) were converted to age‐standardized scores and dichotomized according to t‐scores (>60=high distress). Life‐time spinal pain, including low back, mid back, or neck/shoulder, was measured at age 17. We were interested in adolescent SP with impact (care seeking, medication use, school absenteeism, daily activity interference, leisure activity interference) and defined cases as SP with impact (one or more) or greater impact (two or more) impacts. We investigated the longitudinal associations between childhood psychological distress and adolescent SP using univariate and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

Psychological distress in childhood increased the odds of adolescent SP with impact by 33% (OR 1.33; 95% CI 1.01–1.76), but not spinal pain with greater impact (OR 1.22; 95% 0.83–1.80). Internalizing symptoms were associated with SP with greater impact and externalizing symptoms with SP with impact after adjusting for a range of potential child and family confounders.

Conclusion

Psychological distress in childhood increases the risk of SP with impact in adolescence and may be a promising prevention target.

Significance

Our findings provide evidence that psychological distress early in life is an independent risk factor for spinal pain with impact during adolescence. As psychological distress during childhood is potentially modifiable, it may be a promising target for research on the prevention of consequential spinal pain in adolescence. Identifying and addressing psychological distress in children may be an important component of best practice to reduce consequential spinal pain in adolescents.
Additions to the Flora of Telangana state of India, with notes on the phytogeographical importance
Authors: Gollamandala Ravi , Parappurakkal Thazhe Arunraj , Lingala Paramesh , Paradesi Anjaneyulu , Dasari Veeranjaneyulu
Published: October 2021

The recent floristic explorations in Bhadradri Kothagudem district yielded three flowering plants as additions to the flora of Telangana state. These additions include new record of one family Rhizophoraceae Pers., represented by Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. and two species records from the family Linderniaceae Borsch, Kai Müll. & Eb.Fisch. viz. Torenia godefroyi Bonati and Lindernia rotundifolia (L.) Alston. Detailed morphological description, distribution, habitat and ecology, and photographs of each species are provided. A brief account on the phytogeographical importance of the present additions is given.
Protective effects of 18β‐Glycyrrhetinic acid against myocardial infarction: Involvement of PI3K/Akt pathway activation and inhibiting Ca2+influx via L‐type Ca2+channels
Authors: Chu Sijie , Wang Weijie , Zhang Ning , Liu Tong , Li Jing , Chu Xi , Zuo Saijie , Ma Zhihong , Ma Donglai , Chu Li
Published: October 2021

18β‐Glycyrrhetinic acid (18β‐GA) is a component extracted from licorice. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of 18β‐GA on isoproterenol (ISO)‐induced acute myocardial infarction in rats and mice. Two consecutive days of subcutaneous injection of ISO (85 mg/kg/day) resulted in acute myocardial infarction. We examined the pathological changes, oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and expression of apoptosis in mouse hearts. The expressions of phosphoinositol‐3‐kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), and the phosphorylation levels of PI3K (p‐PI3K) and Akt (p‐Akt) were determined by western blotting. The whole‐cell patch‐clamp technique was applied to observe the L‐type Ca2+currents, and the Ion Optix detection system was used for cell contraction and Ca2+transient in isolated rat cardiac ventricular myocytes. In ISO‐induced myocardial infarction, the J‐point, heart rate, creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase, catalase, malondialdehyde, glutathion, and reactive oxygen species decreased in mice after 18β‐GA treatment. 18β‐GA improved ISO‐induced morphologic pathology, inhibited the inflammatory pathway response and cardiomyocyte apoptosis, and inhibited PI3K/Akt signaling. 18β‐GA could significantly inhibit ICa‐L, myocardial contraction, and Ca2+transient. This study demonstrates that 18β‐GA has cardioprotective effects on acute myocardial infarction, which may be related to inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis via the PI3K/Akt pathway, and reducing cell contractility and Ca2+concentration via L‐type Ca2+channels.
Probabilistic co-occurrence assessment for suites of listed species
Authors: Richardson Leif L. , Dunne Jonnie , Feken Max , Brain Richard , Ghebremichael Lula , Winchell Michael
Published: October 2021

Section 7 of the Endangered Species Act requires the US Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to consult with the Services (US Fish and Wildlife Service and National Marine Fisheries Service) over potential pesticide impacts on federally listed species. Consultation is complicated by the large number of pesticide products and listed species, as well as by lack of consensus on best practices for conducting co-occurrence analyses. Previous work demonstrates that probabilistic estimates of species' ranges and pesticide use patterns improve these analyses. Here we demonstrate that such estimates can be made for suites of sympatric listed species. Focusing on two watersheds, one in Iowa and the other in Mississippi, we obtained distribution records for 13 species of terrestrial and aquatic listed plants and animals occurring therein. We used maximum entropy modeling and bioclimatic, topographic, hydrographic, and land cover variables to predict species' ranges at high spatial resolution. We constructed probabilistic spatial models of use areas for two pesticides based on the US Department of Agriculture Cropland Data Layer and reduced classification errors by incorporating information on the relationships between individual pixels and their neighbors using object-based images analysis. We then combined species distribution and crop footprint models to derive overall probability of co-occurrence of listed species and pesticide use. For aquatic species, we also integrated an estimate of downstream residue transport. We report each separate species-by-use-area co-occurrence estimate and also combine these modeled co-occurrence probabilities across species within watersheds to produce an overall metric of potential pesticide exposure risk for these listed species at the watershed level. We propose that the consultation process between US EPA and the Services be based on such batched estimation of probabilistic co-occurrence for multiple listed species at a regional scale. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2022;18:1088–1100. © 2021 SETAC

KEY POINTS

Co-occurrence assessments of pesticide use areas and listed species ranges mandated by the Endangered Species Act are impaired by data gaps and statistical issues. These co-occurrence assessments are also inefficient, and a substantial backlog exists. We show that incorporating probabilistic estimates of both pesticide use and species distributions improves these assessments. We also demonstrate that efficiencies may be realized by batch-processing these assessments for groups of listed species.
Integrating analysis of circular RNA and mRNA expression profiles in doxorubicin induced cardiotoxicity mice
Authors: Xing Xiaoqing , Tan Zhenzhen , Zhi Xuran , Sun Heming , Yang Jing , Li Longfei , Liu Yi , Wang Lei , Dong Zhanjun , Guo Huicai
Published: October 2021

Doxorubicin (DOX)‐induced cardiotoxicity impedes its clinical application, but the mechanisms have not been thoroughly elucidated. Based on circRNA and mRNA expression profiles, we illustrated RNA expression signature changes during DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity; mechanism exploration and biomarkers screening were also conducted. Twelve mice were randomly divided into two groups, induction group was treated with doxorubicin, and the control group was given an equal quantity of saline. After the confirmation of myocardial injury in induction group, the heart tissues from both groups were isolated for RNA high‐throughput sequencing. The expression profiles were compared between the two groups; a total of 295 mRNAs and 11 circRNAs were shown as biased expression in DOX‐induced cardiotoxicity mouse hearts. The dysregulation of three circRNAs were validated by quantitative real‐time PCR: mmu_circ_0015773, mmu_circ_0002106, and mmu_circ_001606. In addition, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses of the differentially expressed RNAs were performed; the results implied that DOX might cause cardiotoxicity by interfering hemoglobin‐based oxygen delivery and DNA‐associated signal pathways. We integrated the differential expressed mRNA and validated circRNAs by constructing a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, which indicated that the alteration of the three circRNAs could activate apoptosis process of myocardial cells. This study provided novel insight into the mechanisms of DOX induced cardiotoxicity, and potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets were also proposed.
A drop‐in centre for treating mental health problems in children with chronic illness: Outcomes for parents and their relationship with child outcomes
Authors: Bennett Sophie D. , Kerry Eleanor , Fifield Kate , Ching Brian C. F. , Catanzano Matteo , Liang Holan , Heyman Isobel , Coughtrey Anna E. , Sanderson Charlotte , Rojas Natalia , Shafran Roz
Published: October 2021

Background

Children with chronic health conditions and their parents are at greater risk of developing emotional and behavioural problems compared to their physically healthy peers. The psychological impact on parents is crucial to understand given the relationship between parental mental health and child emotional and behavioural difficulties. This study was part of a broader research project examining the acceptability, feasibility and impact of a ‘Mental Health and Psychological Wellbeing Drop‐in Centre’ in a paediatric hospital providing access to support and intervention for children and their families. This paper aimed to investigate the impact of the centre on parents (n = 148).

Methods

Parental anxiety and depression were assessed using the GAD‐7 and PHQ‐9 at baseline and 6‐month post‐baseline. Child mental health was assessed using the parent‐report Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). If parents had significant mental health needs, a brief intervention/signposting to relevant services was provided.

Results

At baseline, 48% of parents scored above clinical threshold for anxiety and 41% for depression, and parent reported child SDQ scores were correlated with parental anxiety and parental low mood. Self‐reported parental anxiety and low mood decreased at 6‐months post‐baseline (parental anxiety: mean decrease = 2.29 [1.22–3.36], d = 0.38; parental low mood: mean decrease = 1.81 [0.64–3.00], d = 0.28). There were no significant correlations between change in parent reported child wellbeing and changes in parental low mood and anxiety between baseline and 6‐month post‐baseline.

Conclusions

Assessing and providing a brief treatment to address the mental health needs of parents of children with comorbidity may bring important benefits. It is recommended that children's mental health services consider assessment of parental mental health as part of routine care.
Experiences of adolescents and their parents after receiving adolescents’ genomic screening results
Authors: Lillie Natasha , Prows Cynthia A. , McGowan Michelle L. , Blumling Amy A. , Myers Melanie F.
Published: October 2021

There has been considerable debate over whether adolescents should have the opportunity to learn genetic information about adult‐onset disease risk and carrier status without a clinical indication. Adolescents face increasing opportunities to learn more about such genetic risks through the return of secondary findings from clinical genomic testing, direct‐to‐consumer genetic testing, and research opportunities. However, little is known about the perspectives of adolescents who have received genomic screening results. We conducted separate qualitative interviews with 15 adolescents and their parents who enrolled in a research protocol where they decided which genomic screening results to receive for the adolescent for up to 32 conditions informed by 84 genes. The goal of these interviews was to explore the impact of adolescents learning genomic results without a clinical indication for screening. Of the participating dyads, four received positive results for a pathogenic/likely pathogenic (P/LP) variant for an autosomal dominant (AD) condition, five received carrier results for a heterozygous P/LP variant for an autosomal recessive (AR) condition, and six received negative results. An interpretive descriptive qualitative approach was used. Interview transcripts were coded using a guide developed by the study team based on themes that emerged from the interviews. Degree of recall and description of results, actionability, and emotional responses differed according to the types of results received. However, all participants were satisfied with their decision to learn results, and most did not report any lasting psychological harms. Participants adapted to genomic information about themselves, even after learning about unexpected increased risk for future health problems. Our findings support the position that, whenever possible, perspectives and wishes of adolescents should be strongly considered and respected in the decision‐making process regarding genetic testing.
An Australian hospital pharmacy department’s pandemic response plan to coronavirus disease of 2019
Authors: Ziser Kate E.D. , Olding Suzanne H. , Patel Anjali B. , Batger Mellissa R. , Peng Shiqin , Brown Samantha L. , Grieve Fallon C. , Crane Jennifer A.
Published: October 2021

Aim

This paper provides the main accomplishments of the Royal North Shore Hospital (RNSH) Pharmacy Department’s COVID‐19 Pandemic Response Plan and key recommendations for other departments developing a remote model of care.

Methods

The overall objective was to preserve the active workforce by minimising staff‐to‐staff and staff‐to‐patient contact. The response plan involved splitting the department into teams, implementing a remote ward‐based clinical pharmacy service, staff upskilling and optimising the physical environment.

Results

In April 2020, 1240 clinical tasks were completed remotely compared with 1254 tasks completed on site. In May 2020, 1700 tasks were completed offsite, compared with 1544 tasks onsite. The percentage of pharmacists rating themselves 5 out of 5 (very confident) in communicating over the phone increased from 34.8% prior to remote service delivery, to 60% after completion of the service. Counselling patients over the phone increased from 17.4% to 40% while providing remote clinical service increased from 26.1% to 80%.

Discussion

The paper provides key recommendations for other sites wanting to implement a remote model of care. There are details of recommendations for communication, adequate skill mix, upskilling, education, training, staff resilience, role expansion and administration.

Conclusion

The formation of a team hospital pharmacy department COVID‐19 Pandemic Response Plan has provided assurance that a complete pharmacy service could continue in the event of reduced staffing. Intense, thoughtful, collaborative work was required in a short period of time to design an appropriate physical environment, create a remote working model of care, and to train and educate members of staff.
A Call for Development of Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound Training Recommendations in Obstetrics and Gynecology Residency
Authors: Lammers Stephen , Dolin Cara D. , Baston Cameron
Published: October 2021

Point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) skillsets are now taught throughout training levels from medical school through fellowship given the broad utility in assisting with bedside procedures and triaging clinical presentations for expedited workup. This is reflected in training curricula for emergency medicine, internal medicine, and general surgery residencies. However, these skillsets are not formally taught or required in obstetrics and gynecology residency. We present the opinion that these skillsets and curricula should be developed for obstetrics and gynecology trainees given their exposure to patients with similar clinical presentations in which the clinical management would be aided by POCUS.
Effect of typhoon‐induced intertidal‐flat erosion on dominant macrobenthic species (Meretrix meretrix)
Authors: Shi Benwei , Yang Shi Lun , Temmerman Stijn , Bouma Tjeerd , Ysebaert Tom , Wang Sikai , Zhang Yingxin , Wu Jihua , Yang Haifei , Zhang Longhui , Zuo Liqin , Wang Ya Ping
Published: October 2021

Benthic animal populations inhabiting intertidal flats provide important ecosystem functions and services that may be disrupted by physical disturbances such as tropical cyclones, which are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity under future climate change. However, the spatial reach at which tropical cyclones impact macrobenthos populations in intertidal flats remains poorly understood. We examined whether a typhoon with a center that remained more than 1400 km away from the study site could trigger severe erosion of intertidal flats and adversely affect macrobenthos populations. We undertook simultaneous measurements of hydrodynamics (waves, currents), morphodynamics (erosion, accretion) and density and biomass of the macrobenthic bivalve Meretrix meretrix during the passage of this typhoon, on an intertidal flat on the Chinese coast. Our results showed that, in spite of the considerable distance from the storm center, the bed shear stress greatly exceeded the critical value for erosion, resulting in rapid erosion of approximately 10 cm and a nearly 50% reduction in both the density and the biomass of the clam species. Our findings suggest that if storms become more frequent and more intense in a future warmer climate, they may increase physical disturbances to intertidal flats and their benthic animal populations, even at great distances from storm centers.
Insomnia in Tourette Syndrome and Chronic Tic Disorder
Authors: Isomura Kayoko , Sidorchuk Anna , Sevilla‐Cermeño Laura , Åkerstedt Torbjörn , Silverberg‐Morse Maria , Larsson Henrik , Mataix‐Cols David , Fernández de la Cruz Lorena
Published: October 2021

Background

Insomnia is common in Tourette syndrome (TS) and chronic tic disorder (CTD), but precise prevalence estimates are lacking.

Objective

In this Swedish register‐based cohort study, we estimated the prevalence of insomnia in TS/CTD and quantified the magnitude of this association, accounting for familial confounders and relevant somatic and psychiatric comorbidities.

Methods

Of 10,444,702 individuals living in Sweden during the period from 1997 to 2013, 5877 had a diagnosis of TS/CTD and were compared to unexposed individuals from the general population on the presence of insomnia using logistic regression models.

Results

Individuals with TS/CTD had a period prevalence of insomnia of 32.16%, compared to 13.70% of the unexposed population. This translated into a 6.7‐fold increased likelihood of insomnia in TS/CTD (odds ratio adjusted [aOR] for sex, birth year, birth country, and somatic disorders = 6.74; 95% confidence interval [CI], 6.37–7.15). A full sibling comparison, designed to adjust for shared familial factors, attenuated the estimates (aOR = 5.41; 95% CI, 4.65–6.30). When individuals with attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and pervasive developmental disorders were excluded, the association was also attenuated, whereas exclusion of other psychiatric comorbidities had minimal impact. Having persistent TS/CTD, comorbid ADHD, and taking ADHD medication greatly increased the likelihood of insomnia.

Conclusions

Insomnia is significantly associated with TS/CTD, independently from somatic disorders, familial factors or psychiatric comorbidities, although familial factors, neurodevelopmental comorbidities, and ADHD/ADHD medication may explain part of the association. Insomnia should be routinely assessed and managed in TS/CTD, particularly in chronic patients and in those with comorbid ADHD. Other sleep disorders require further study. © 2021 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Synthesis and characterization of fluorine functionalized graphene oxide dispersed quinoline‐based polyimide composites having low‐k and UV shielding properties
Authors: Kumar Selvaraj , Arumugham Hariharan , Roy Debmalya , Kannaiyan Dinakaran
Published: October 2021

Polyimide nanocomposites having low‐k and UV shielding properties have been developed using fluorine functionalized graphene oxide and bis(quinoline amine) based polyimide. The polyimide was synthesized using bis(quinoline amine) and pyromellitic dianhydride at appropriate experimental conditions, and its molecular structure was confirmed through various spectral analysis such as FTIR and NMR. The polyimide (PI) composites were prepared using bis(quinoline amine), pyromellitic dianhydride, and separately filled with 1, 5, 10 wt% of fluorinated graphene oxide (FGO) through in situ polymerization. The polymer composites were characterized using thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In addition, the water contact angle, dielectric behavior, and UV–Vis shielding behavior of FGO/PI composites were evaluated. The value of the water contact angle of the polyimide was increased with increment of FGO in the polyimide matrix. The highest water contact angle of polyimide composites observed 108° was obtained for 15 wt% FGO reinforced polyimide composite. The value of the dielectric constant for neat, 1, 5, and 15 wt% FGO reinforced polyimide composites was obtained as 4.5, 3.7, 2.6, and 2.0, respectively. It is also observed from by UV–Vis spectroscopy analysis that the FGO reinforced polyimide composites have good UV shielding behavior.
de Sitter Space as a Glauber‐Sudarshan State: II
Authors: Bernardo Heliudson , Brahma Suddhasattwa , Dasgupta Keshav , Faruk Mir‐Mehedi , Tatar Radu
Published: October 2021

We provide further evidence to support the fact that a four‐dimensional effective field theory description with de Sitter isometries in IIB string theory, overcoming the no‐go and the swampland criteria, can only exist if de Sitter space is realized as a Glauber‐Sudarshan state. We show here that this result is independent of the choice of de Sitter slicings. The Glauber‐Sudarshan state, constructed by shifting the interacting vacuum in the M‐theory uplift of the scenario, differs from a standard coherent state in QFT in the sense that the shape and size of the state changes with respect to time, implying changes in the graviton and the flux quanta. Despite this, the expectation values of the graviton and flux operators in such a state reproduce the exact de Sitter background, as long as we are within the temporal bound set by the onset of the strong coupling in the dual type IIA side, and satisfy the corresponding Schwinger‐Dyson's equations in the presence of hierarchically controlled perturbative and non‐perturbative quantum corrections.

Additionally, we provide a detailed study of the fluxes supporting the Glauber‐Sudarshan state in the M‐theory uplift of the IIB scenario. We show explicitly how the Bianchi identities, anomaly cancellation and flux quantization conditions, along‐with the constraints from the Schwinger‐Dyson's equations, conspire together to provide the necessary temporal dependences to support such a state in full M‐theory. We also discuss how our analysis points towards a surprising connection to the four‐dimensional null energy condition, for a Friedman‐Lemaitre‐Robertson‐Walker state in the IIB side, as a consistency condition for the existence of an effective field theory description in M‐theory.
Response‐adaptive treatment allocation for clinical studies with recurrent event and terminal event data
Authors: Su Pei‐Fang
Published: October 2021

In long‐term clinical studies, recurrent event data are frequently collected to contrast the efficacy of two different treatments. However, the recurrent event process can be stopped by a terminal event, such as death. For analyzing recurrent event and terminal event data, joint frailty modeling has recently received considerable attention because it makes it possible to study the joint evolution over time of both recurrent and terminal event processes and gives consistent and efficient parameters. For a two‐arm clinical trial design based on these data sets, there has been limited research on investigating the balanced design, let alone adaptive treatment allocation. Although equal sample size allocation obtained for both treatments is intuitively first adopted in a trial design, if one treatment is expected to be superior, it may be desirable to allocate more subjects to the effective treatment. In this article, we calculate the required sample size based on restricted randomization and then propose a target response‐adaptive randomization procedure for recurrent and terminal event outcomes based on the joint frailty model. A randomization procedure, the doubly adaptive biased coin design that targets some optimal allocations, is implemented. The proposed adaptive treatment allocation schemes have been shown to be capable of reducing the number of trial participants who receive inferior treatment while simultaneously reaching an optimal target, as well as retaining a comparable test power as compared to a restricted randomization design. Finally, two clinical studies, the COAPT trial and the A‐HeFT trial, are used to illustrate the advantages of adopting the proposed procedure.
An Insight into the Biological Properties of Imidazole‐Based Schiff Bases: A Review
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Anjali K. , Angamaly Shanty A. , Velayudhan Mohanan P.
Published: October 2021

Imidazole is an azole heterocycle containing two non‐adjacent nitrogen atoms added greatly to natural products and synthetic compounds. The planar ring system associated with electron‐rich nitrogen donors are essential for the greater affinity of imidazole derivatives to bind with various bio receptors and enzymes via weak interactions. It improves the pharmacokinetic properties of the pilot molecules consequently utilized as a solution for aqueous solubility, bioavailability, and toxicity parameters since it is a polar compound. An organic molecule with imidazole derivatives has acquired a sustainable place in medical and clinical fields. The consolidation of the imidazole unit is a significant synthetic technique in drug development. The imidazole‐based Schiff bases with enormous therapeutic properties has encouraged the scientists to focus on recently initiated novel chemotherapeutic agents such as anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiviral, antileishmanial, etc. Imidazole drugs have expanded the degree of curing different dispositions in clinical medications. Herein, we have reported the structural feature of imidazole, design, synthesis of imidazole derivatives, and its significance. This review aims to describe the reported materials of imidazole‐based Schiff bases and their derivatives which offer fruitful scope in the field of medicinal chemistry.
From mass to motion: Conceptualizing and measuring the dynamics of industry clusters
Authors: Kim Min Jung , Shaver J. Myles , Funk Russell J.
Published: October 2021

Research Summary

An extensive body of research examines concentration levels (i.e., “mass”) of industry clusters; however, little attention is paid to their dynamics (i.e., “motion”). Understanding cluster dynamics is important because how clusters change over time may have implications for firm strategies and outcomes that are not attributable to cluster mass alone. To advance scholarship, we derive a theoretically grounded measure of cluster motion. Applying this measure to data on establishments in the U.S. computer and semiconductor industries, we document the dynamic nature of clusters both within and across regions. We demonstrate that our measure of cluster motion is distinct from cluster mass. Furthermore, we document that regions rarely follow stylized descriptions of cluster life cycles, which underscores the importance of measuring and investigating cluster dynamics.

Managerial Summary

Industry clusters have been considered important for firm strategy due to their influence over organizational processes and outcomes. Therefore, many firms attend closely to how clusters change over time. However, strategy researchers have devoted relatively little attention to cluster dynamics and their implications for firms. In this study, we develop a framework for understanding cluster dynamics, including an empirical technique. We suggest that improved understanding of cluster dynamics may be useful for helping firms make better location decisions and react more appropriately to changes in clusters within which they have an established presence.