bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isotherm study of banana stem waste adsorbents to reduce the concentration of textile dying waste
Authors:   Departemen Kimia, Nandiyanto Asep Bayu Dani , Azizah Nissa Nur ,   Departemen Pendidikan Ilmu Komputer, Rahmadianti Salma ,   Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Bandung
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to make carbon from banana stem waste and determine the isotherm adsorption characteristics of carbon from banana stem waste to methyl orange compounds. The process for making carbon from banana stem waste was done through the stages of preparation and carbonization at a temperature of 250°C for 1.5 h. Before being used as carbon, banana stem waste was cleaned, washed, dried, and mashed using a mill. The carbon then went through a washing process to remove impurities and tested for its absorbance ability into a solution containing a methyl orange compound under constant conditions of pH, temperature, and pressure. The experimental results showed that the appropriate sequence of adsorption models is the Langmuir, Temkin, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models. Adsorption occurs on the surface of a single layer (monolayer) and the interaction between the adsorbent and the adsorbate occurs physically. The value of maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) is 37.5940 mg/g. The presence of banana stem carbon is expected to reduce the negative impacts, one of which is the disposal of industrial wastewater from textile factories.
Sustainable Agricultural Land Management in Garut Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia
Authors:   Departemen Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Warlina Lia , Pradana Syach Berriant Restu ,   Departemen Perencanaan Wilayah dan Kota, Universitas Komputer Indonesia
Published: December 2021

The high land conversion rate to other sectors has led the government to issue Law No. 41 in 2009 concerning Protection of Sustainable Agricultural Land (SAL). The study aims to identify the distribution of sustainable agricultural land uses and determine agricultural land-use changes from 2016 to 2019 and determine farmers' understanding of sustainable agricultural land control in the strategic area of Garut Regency. We overlaid the land use maps of Garut Regency in 2016 and 2019 and conducted a survey using an online questionnaire with a Google form. The research location is in five districts in Garut Regency. The results showed no land conversion in the area of existing sustainable agricultural land in Garut Regency. The total rice field area is 6,081 hectares, with about 24% is sustainable agricultural land. From 2016 to 2019, the rice field area decreased by 12 hectares. The farmers' awareness of SAL tends to be more likely aware of the sustainable agricultural land area, as many as 39% of farmers aware of sustainable agricultural land. The incentives given to farmers who control sustainable agricultural land are tax deduction, agricultural infrastructure supply, agricultural production facilities subsidies, and land certification facilities. The majority of the respondents are aware of these incentives. In conclusion, no sustainable agricultural land is converted, even though changes occur in non-sustainable agricultural land. The impact of this study is for recommendations to the government in sustainable agricultural land management.
Smart Cluster Housing Monitoring with ESP32, ESP-Mesh and Django
Authors:   Program Studi Teknik Komputer, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Wicaksono Mochamad Fajar , Rahmatya Myrna Dwi ,   Program Studi Manajemen Informatika, Universitas Komputer Indonesia
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to create a monitoring system for cluster housing. The method used in this research was experimental. Monitoring carried out in this system was installed and tested on ten houses. This system used an ESP-MESH for communication between ESP32 boards in residential areas. The process of sending data to the online server used two ESP32 boards that function as a mesh server and a gateway for data transmission. The data sent is in the form of data from ultrasonic sensors, PIR1 and PIR2 sensors, Flame sensors, Gas sensors, and Photos. The photo result was taking by ESP32CAM when the system detects an intruder. When something bad happens, such as fire detection, intruders, and gas leaks, residents will receive text and image notifications through the LINE application. The head of security will also get notifications via the web application. The web application is built using the Django framework. The results of this study are a monitoring system for cluster housing using ESP32, ESP-MESH, and Django. Based on the test results, this system has been running well by the initial objectives.
Model Recommendation Creation for New Entrepreneur using TOPSIS Method in Bandung Raya
Authors:   Departemen Teknik Informatika, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia, Setiyadi Angga , Setiawan Eko Budi ,   Departemen Teknik Informatika, Universitas Komputer Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the research is to help new entrepreneurs make decisions in choosing and opening a business that best suits their needs so that it can facilitate marketing, which will impact increasing product sales, new entrepreneurs. The research method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive analysis that describes facts and information. The decision-making method in this study used the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS). This research uses a case study of the community in the Ngamprah sub-district and will open a business in the Ngamprah sub-district. The results obtained from this study are that new business actors in the Ngamprah sub-district are recommended to take the type of business, for the first order is business in publishing and printing, second place is business in the advertising sector and the order. The third is the architecture business. The use of the method in this study can provide recommendations in decision making to determine new entrepreneurs in Bandung Raya. In addition to providing recommendations for new entrepreneurs, it can be easier to make decisions to determine the business that will be opened.
PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA IN CONTROL PROCEEDINGS OF THE EXECUTIVE BRANCH
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Bulgaria, Nedyalkova Plamena
Published: December 2021

During the control proceedings, which are carried out by various control institutions in the executive branch, it is essential to preserve the personal data of the inspected individuals and legal entities. The main scope of this report is to present a significant part of the problems that arise in complex control proceedings involving several control institutions. These complex control procedures often require the transfer of information from one control institution to another control institution, which accordingly raises problems regarding the storage and protection of personal data of the inspected objects.
ON SOME ASPECTS OF DATA PROTECTION IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Bulgaria, Dankova Petya
Published: December 2021

This paper discusses issues related to gathering, processing and protection of personal data in scientific research. Highlights of the General Regulation on Data Protection and the European Code of Conduct for Research Intregrity concerning the regulatory and ethical aspects of research are presented.
BANKING SOFTWARE UPGRADE - GENERATING THE GDPR DECLARATION
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Bulgaria, Vasilev Julian
Published: December 2021

The purpose of the paper is to present an approach for generating a GDPR declaration from banking software. Modern information technologies are used. The paper presents an approach to upgrading banking software so that the GDPR declaration can be printed quickly and easily, the GDPR declaration form of the banking specialists can be corrected, and it can be monitored which clients have signed the declaration. The proposal can be adapted by any banking software developer.
PROTECTION OF PERSONAL DATA IN SOCIAL SECURITY IN THE SETTINGS OF DIGITALIZATION
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Bulgaria, Blagoycheva Hristina
Published: December 2021

Digitization increases the potential of social security for greater efficiency in the provision of new services and the deployment of large-scale social programs. However, there is a possibility that these technologies will become a prerequisite for unregulated access to information and personal data stored in the digital network. Therefore, the purpose of the report is to identify some challenges in this direction and to seek possible solutions.
Ivan Dziuba as a figure: opinions of present-day intellectuals
Authors: Mušynka Mykola , Yatskiv Yaroslav , Andreychyn Mykhailo , Hundorova Tamara , Pavlyshyn Marko , Masenko Larysa , Trymbach Serhiy , Matiash Iryna , Kulchytsky Stanislav , Otroshchenko Vitaliy , Dobko Tetiana , Holovakha Yevhen , Hamkalo Ivan , Petrova Olga
Published: December 2021

In this article, Ivan Dziuba is seen as a public influencer, literary critic, co-chairman of the main editorial board of the Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine. On his 90th anniversary, a combination of short communications by famous representatives in sphere of Ukrainian science and culture presented is presented here.
Evaluasi Perkembangan Prestasi Ekstrakurikuler Futsal SMP Islam Al Azhar 7 Kota Sukabumi 2019/2020
Authors: Athariq Raffa
Published: December 2021

ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan prestasi ekstrakurikuler futsal SMP Islam Al Azhar 7 Kota Sukabumi serta peran dari berbagai pihak seperti peran pelatih, pemain, dan manajemen/pembina ekstrakurikuler futsal SMP Islam Al Azhar 7 Kota Sukabumi pada tahun 2019/2020.

Teknik pengambilan subjek penelitian atau informan yang di gunakan adalah purposive sampling, dengan kriteria: 1) Informan harus termasuk dalam ekstrakurikuler futsal SMP Islam Al Azhar 7 Kota Sukabumi. 2) Informan adalah orang yang dianggap unggul dan berkuasa, seperti Pelatih, Captain, dan juga Manajemen/Pembina dari ekstrakurikuler futsal SMP Islam Al Azhar 7 Kota Sukabumi. Dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi, serta teknik analisidata yang digunakan adalah metode Miles dan Huberman yaitu mereduksi data, penyajian data, penarikan kesimpulan. Pada pemeriksaan keabsahan data yang digunakan adalah triangulasi sumber. Ardi Ariansyah menjadi informan utama, karena menjabat sebagai pelatih dan juga sebagai manajemen/pembina dari ekstrakurikuler futsal SMP Islam Al Azhar 7 Kota Sukabumi.

Hasil dari penelitian sebagai berikut: 1) Belum maksimalnya program yang diberikan oleh pelatih. 2) Belum maksimalnya prestasi ekstrakurikuler futsal SMP Islam Al Azhar 7 Kota Sukabumi pada tahun 2019/2020. 3) Belum lengkapnya sarana dan prasaran untuk menunjang kebutuhan pada saat latihan. 4) Kurangnya dukungan penuh dari berbagai pihak yang menyebabkan terhambatnya proses latihan. 5) Program yang telah dibuat belum maksimal dan program akan dirubah agar menjadi lebih baik kedepannya.
Pengaruh Pembelajaran Di Alam Terhadap Motivasi Belajar Siswa Dalam Pembelajaran Penjas di SD Negeri Cijaksi Kabupaten Sukabumi Tahun Ajaran 2019/2020
Authors: Azis Abdul
Published: December 2021

Salah satu masalah pendidikan yang dihadapi di sekolah adalah kurangnya motivasi belajar siswa, khususnya dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani di sekolah terdapat beberapa aspek yang dapat mempengaruhi turunnya motivasi siswa salah satunya rendahnya kualitas pembelajaran, maupun dari sarana dan prasarana sekolah yang terbatas. Dalam aspek proses kelemahan terletak pada kegiatan pembelajaran yang kurang mengembangkan keterampilan dasar siswa, sedangkan dari sarana dan prasaran, banyak terdapat alat dan perlatan olahraga yang kurang terurus dan sudah tidak bisa diperbaiki akan tetapi dalam hal sarana terdapat beberapa lapangan dengan pengurusan yang kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pembelajaran di alam atau Jelajah Alam Sekitar berbasis kompetensi untuk jenjang sekolah dasar sebagai salah satu alternatif pembelajaran penjas yang efektif. Disamping ingin mengetahui keunggulan dan kelemahan model pembelajaran penjas yang selama ini digunakan guru di sekolah. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan ini adalah penelitian dan eksperimen dengan diawali observasi dan survey di sekolah kelas V dan VI mendapatkan permasalahan kurangnya motivasi belajar dalam pembelajaran penjas. Dari hasil penelitian kelompok kontrol yang mengikuti pembelajaran penjas sebagaimana adanya diketahui memiliki tingkat motivasi melalui pengisian angket dengan nilai rata-rata 66%, selanjutnya untuk kelompok eksperimen diberikan perlakuan berupa pembelajaran di alam dengan materi ajar permainan tradisional (galasin) memiliki tingkat motivasi lebih tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 81.5%. Perbedaan tersebut merupakan efek dari penerapan perlakuan, efek perlakuan memberikan dampak positif kepada tingkat motivasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran Pendidikan Jasmani
Putative Secondary Structure at 5’UTR as a Potential Antiviral Target against SARS-CoV-2
Authors: Garcia-Moran Emilio , Hernández Marta , Abad David , Eiros José M.
Published: December 2021

SARS-CoV-2 is an enveloped positive-sense single-stranded RNA coronavirus that causes COVID-19, of which the current outbreak has resulted in a high number of cases and fatalities throughout the world, even vaccine doses are being administered. The aim of this work was to scan the SARS-CoV-2 genome in search for therapeutic targets. We found a sequence in the 5’UTR (NC 045512:74-130), consisting of a typical heptamer next to a structured region that may cause ribosomal frameshifting. The potential biological value of this region is relevant through its low similarity with other viruses, including coronaviruses related to SARS-CoV, and its high sequence conservation within multiple SARS-CoV-2 isolates. We have predicted the secondary structure of the region by means of different bioinformatic tools. We have suggested a most probable secondary structure to proceed with a 3D reconstruction of the structured segment. Finally, we carried out virtual docking on the 3D structure to look for a binding site and then for drug ligands from a database of lead compounds. Several molecules that could be probably administered as oral drugs show promising binding affinity within the structured region, and so it could be possible interfere its potential regulatory role.
Functions of two distinct Kupffer cells in the liver
Authors: Zhang Chunye , Liu Shuai , Yang Ming
Published: December 2021

Tissue-resident macrophages play critically important roles in host homeostasis and pathogenesis of diseases, with the functions of phagocytosis, metabolism, and immune modulation. Recently, two research studies accomplished by a collaborated group of researchers showed that there are two populations of liver resident Kupffer cells (KCs), including a major cluster of differentiation 206 low expression (CD206low)endothelial cell-selective adhesion molecule negative (ESAM-) population (KC1) and a minor CD206highESAM+ population (KC2). Both KC1 and KC2 express KC markers, such as C-type lectin domain family 4 member F (CLEC4F) and T-cell membrane protein 4 (Tim4). In fatty liver, the frequency of KC2 was increased, and those KC2 expressed some markers like liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), such as CD31 and ESAM. In addition, KC2 population had a relatively higher expression of CD36, as fatty acid transporter, which was implicated in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, this collaborated group also showed that KC2 can cross-present hepatocellular antigens to prime antiviral function of CD8+ T cells by sensing interleukin-2 (IL-2) in hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication-competent transgenic mice. Increasing evidence shows that targeting hepatic macrophages can prevent and reverse non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), with a new suggested name metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) to include metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver diseases, such as viruses and alcohol. In summary, differentiating specific populations of hepatic macrophages is critically important for the treatment of MAFLD or NAFLD, and their overlaps. Markers specifically expressed on sub-types of hepatic macrophages may be applied for liver disease diagnosis.
Infarto talámico bilateral: arterial versus venoso
Authors: Patiño Méndez Ricardo
Published: December 2021

Los infartos bilaterales del tálamo se pueden dar por patología arterial o venosa. La presentación clínica como los hallazgos imaginológicos presentan similitudes, siendo diferente su fisiopatogenia, manejo y pronóstico. Presentamos la comparación clínica radiológica de dos casos con infarto talámico bilateral de origen oclusivo arterial y venoso respectivamente.
Scale length does matter: Recommendations for measurement invariance testing with categorical factor analysis and item response theory approaches
Authors: D’Urso E. Damiano , De Roover Kim , Vermunt Jeroen K. , Tijmstra Jesper
Published: December 2021

In social sciences, the study of group differences concerning latent constructs is ubiquitous. These constructs are generally measured by means of scales composed of ordinal items. In order to compare these constructs across groups, one crucial requirement is that they are measured equivalently or, in technical jargon, that measurement invariance (MI) holds across the groups. This study compared the performance of scale- and item-level approaches based on multiple group categorical confirmatory factor analysis (MG-CCFA) and multiple group item response theory (MG-IRT) in testing MI with ordinal data. In general, the results of the simulation studies showed that MG-CCFA-based approaches outperformed MG-IRT-based approaches when testing MI at the scale level, whereas, at the item level, the best performing approach depends on the tested parameter (i.e., loadings or thresholds). That is, when testing loadings equivalence, the likelihood ratio test provided the best trade-off between true-positive rate and false-positive rate, whereas, when testing thresholds equivalence, theχ2test outperformed the other testing strategies. In addition, the performance of MG-CCFA’s fit measures, such as RMSEA and CFI, seemed to depend largely on the length of the scale, especially when MI was tested at the item level. General caution is recommended when using these measures, especially when MI is tested for each item individually.
Dynamic Dimensions of Radicalization and Violent Extremism in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Henkin Samuel
Published: December 2021

Malaysia offers a unique lens to evaluate the changing dynamics of radicalization and extremism in Southeast Asia, as the threat of both home-grown and external extremism grows. The country’s geographic location, bordering multiple active centers of violent extremism (the southern Philippines, southern Thailand, and Indonesia), makes it particularly vulnerable to further threats from violent extremism and terrorism, as regional and local violent extremist organizations (VEOs) exploit Malaysian geohistorical contexts and growing grievances related to social and political instability. Threats and risks of violent extremism are especially pronounced and manifest with severe consequences in the Malaysian state of Sabah. This policy note advances a granular review of the dynamics underlying radicalization risk in Sabah, Malaysia, in order to extrapolate an analysis of emerging areas of threat and risk of violent extremism facing Southeast Asia. It offers an opportunity to better understand current and future threats and risks of violent extremism facing Southeast Asia and identifies important trends and recommendations for policymakers and practitioners in mitigating the spread of violent extremism and radicalization to violence in Sabah. The policy note also considers how building local preventing and countering violent extremism (P/CVE) capacity can mitigate Malaysia’s role as a staging area, transit hub, and conduit for the transportation of weapons, operatives, finances, and supporters to other regional and global terrorist organizations.
GROWTH OF COPPER SULPHIDE CRYSTAL IN GEL AND ITS THERMAL SPECTROSCOPIC SEMICONDUCTING CHARACTERISATIONS WITH KINETIC PARAMETERS
Authors:   Department of Physics, Dr.S.D.D. Arts College and Commerce and Science College Wada Dist, KP Joshi ,   Palghar, S.B Patil ,   Department of Physics, Dr.S.D.D. Arts College and Commerce and Science College Wada Dist; Palghar
Published: December 2021

Copper sulphides crystals are grown using simple gel technique at ambient temperature. The various lattice parameters, gel aging time, gel setting time, Effect of pH observed, Different characterization like gel aging, pH of gel ,setting of gel with their analysis and Thermal behavior of grown crystal like Thermo gravimetric Analysis TGA are Discussed. The chemical analysis confirmed contents in grown crystal of copper sulphides
Localizing Cultural Ethos of Classic Literature: Experiment with an Odia Classic, ‘Chatura Binoda’
Authors:   P.G. Department of Odia, Utkal University, Vanivihar, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, Mohapatra Rudranarayan
Published: December 2021

Localization is a process of adopting a culture and/or the reflection of a culture, what is true for Odia literature is more or less true for literature from other states also. Globalization, in many subtle ways, devalues the “local” and encourages a homogenization of culture. Here, localization has a role to play in establishing the uniqueness of the “local,” in this instance Odisha or India. Localization assumes vital importance for it establishes a dialogue between language and culture and acquaints communities with other ways of looking at life and experience. Localization is the force that makes it possible to imagine such a map—a map that, when fully sketched, would represent a wonderland of literary riches from diverse languages, all made intelligible to one another. In this paper, to understand the above things along with how the factors of localization components affect cultural ethos, we have adopted the iceberg model of culture and catalyzed it upon an eighteenth-century Odia classic Chatura Binoda, the masterpiece of poet Brajanath Badajena by localizing the same to Hindi language and as a result, determine how the deep-rooted cultural ethos is being loosened irrespective of the knowledge of both language and culture.
Studies on nanocomposites nanoplates and pervoskite nanorod thin films
Authors:   Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Shri. V. S. Naik, A.C.S. College, Raver, India., Patil M M , Joshi K. P ,   Department of Physics, Dr.S.D.D. Arts College and Commerce and Science College Wada Dist; Palghar, 421303, India., Patil S.B ,   Department of Physics, A. R. B. Garud, Arts, Commerce and Science College, Shendurni, 424204, India,   Nanomaterials Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, Shri. V. S. Naik, A.C.S. College, Raver, India.
Published: December 2021

Nano crystalline nickel oxide thin films of different film thickness were deposited onto glass substrate at 350 oC by varying volume of precursor solution using spray pyrolysis technique. This structural, morphological and microstructure properties were investigated using XRD, FE-SEM and TEM. The element composition was studied using EDAX. It is found that increase in the volume of sprayed solution leads to the increment in film thickness and amelioration of crystallinity of the film. The results are discussed and interpreted.
Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial studies of N-tert-amyl acrylamide (NTA) and 7-methacryloyloxy-4- methylcoumarin (MACU) Copolymers
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, Thiru. A.Govindasamy Govt.Arts College, Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University, Tindivanum,-604307, TamilNadu, India, Anbarasan S , Vimala P ,   Department of Chemistry, Muthurangam Government Arts College, Affiliated to Thiruvalluvar University,Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India, Pazhanisamy P ,   Department of Chemistry, Sir Theagaraya College, Affiliated to University of Madras Chennai-600021, Tamil Nadu, India
Published: December 2021

Copolymers of N-tert-amylacrylamide (NTA) and 7-methacryloyloxy-4-methylcoumarin (MACU) were prepared by free radical polymerization in DMF at 600C using AIBN as an initiator. The copolymer compositions were determined by 1H-NMR analysis. The reactivity ratios of monomers were determined by Fineman-Ross (FR) (r1 = 1.33 and r2 = 0.60), KelenTudos (KT) (r1 = 1.33and r2 = 0.59). The r1.r2 = 0.798 indicated the formation of random copolymers.Tg found to increasing feed content of MACU. The antimicrobial studies showed that the copolymers are active against both Bacteria and Fungi.
Rehabilitation therapy in patients with psoriatic arthritis after SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors:   Doctoral Studies Department, Biomedical Science, Oradea, Romania, Maghiar Diana , Pascalau Nicoleta Anamaria ,   Department of Medicine-Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oradea, Romania,   Pelican Hospital, Oradea, Romania, Lazar Liviu ,   Doctoral Studies Department, Biomedical Science, Oradea, Romania,   Department of Medicine-Psycho-Neuroscience and Recovery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Oradea, Romania,   Băile Felix Medical Rehabilitation Hospital, Băile Felix Resort, Bihor County, Romania
Published: December 2021

Objectives. We want to present the evolution of a lot of patients, previously diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis, who last spring went through a difficult period due to infection with the new coronavirus. After healing from COVID-19, the patients had returned to the hospital after a period of 4-6 months, to follow a rehabilitation treatment, the majority of the accusations being those related to psoriatic arthritis, with close follow-up of these patients in connection with the treatment applied. Material and methods. The patients were evaluated at hospitalization (biological inflammatory markers like CRP and ESR), pain scale, DAPSA score, PASI and the quality of life score (DLQI and QOL scale), after which they followed different rehabilitation treatments for a period of 21 days. After 3 months of completing this treatment they were re-evaluated. Patients diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis who do not have documentation to suggest SARS-CoV-2 infection (antibodies/ previous RT-PCR positive tests) were not included in the study. Outcomes. There were some significant differences in terms of the initial score at hospitalization and that performed after rehabilitation treatment. Most of the indices performed had lower values at reassessment (pain scale score, DAPSA, PASI, DLQI and even lower values of CRP and ESR), thus resulting in an important step in terms of the beneficial effects of rehabilitation therapy, both for patients with psoriatic arthritis and for post-COVID-19 recovery. The most important change was observed in the score for quality of life. Conclusions. The inclusion of rehabilitation therapy in patients with psoriatic arthritis should be a step that each patient should take. Its effects are long-term, with periods of pain decreasing in frequency and intensity, thus changing the quality of life of these patients. The mental, social and emotional impact of COVID-19 on people who have gone through the disease can be changed in a good way, also following a rehabilitation therapy.
Assessment of Arsenic and Copper Pollution of the Benya Lagoon, Ghana By Neutron Activation Analysis
Authors: Vowotor Michael Kwame , Edziah Raymond , Sackey Samuel Sonko , Amewode Emmanuel Kofi , Frempong Sandra Baaba
Published: December 2021

Heavy metal concentrations in some water bodies and the soil beneath these waters. These would have detrimental consequences on these water users and consumers of the fish in that water. Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis technique using the Ghana Research Reactor-1 was employed to find out the concentrations of two heavy metals, Arsenic (As) and Copper (Cu) in the sediments, fishes, and water collected from the Benya Lagoon in the KEEA, Ghana. Cumulatively, Copper was found to be greater in concentration than Arsenic concerning the three parts of the ecology under study. On the other hand, Arsenic was more concentrated in the sediments than Copper, and Copper was more concentrated in the water and fish than Arsenic. Cumulatively, the level of contamination of Arsenic and Copper decreased in the order fish > sediment > water. Though Arsenic and Copper were found in elevated amounts in both water and fish which rendered the Lagoon water unsuitable for human use and the fish from the Lagoon unsafe for consumption, their concentrations in the sediment were found to have a low ecological risk index on the environment.
Ages and Masses of Star Clusters in M33: a Multiwavelength Study
Authors: Moeller Caitlin , Calzetti Daniela
Published: December 2021

We combine archival images for the nearby galaxy M33 (Triangulum Galaxy) from the ultraviolet (UV) to the infrared to derive ages, masses, and extinctions for the young star cluster population, and compare our physical parameters with published ones. Our goal is to test the robustness of clusters ages and masses, and possibly improve on existing ones both by expanding the wavelength range of the spectral-energy distribution (SED) fits and by using more recent population synthesis models. The rationale for this experiment is to verify the sensitivity of the clusters physical parameters to observational setups and model choices that span those commonly found in the literature. We derive the physical parameters of 137 clusters, using SEDs measured in eight UV-to-I bands, including Hα, from GALEX and ground-based images. We also add the 24 μm image from the Spitzer Space Telescope to help break some age degeneracies. We find that our derived cluster ages show significant differences with earlier determinations, while the masses remain relatively insensitive to the fitting approach adopted. We also highlight an already known difficulty in recovering old, low-extinction clusters, as SED-fitting codes tend to prefer younger, higher extinction solutions when the extinction is a free parameter. We publish updated ages, masses, and extinctions, with uncertainties for all sample star clusters, together with their photometry. Given the proximity of M33, this represents an important population to secure for the study of star formation and cluster evolution in spirals.
A Search for Analogs of KIC 8462852 (Boyajian’s Star): A Second List of Candidates
Authors: Schmidt Edward G.
Published: December 2021

In data from the Kepler mission, the normal F3V star KIC 8462852 (Boyajian’s star) was observed to exhibit infrequent dips in brightness that have not been satisfactorily explained. A previous paper reported the first results of a search for other similar stars in a limited region of the sky around the Kepler field. This paper expands on that search to cover the entire sky between declinations of +22°and +68°. Fifteen new candidates with low rates of dipping, referred to as “slow dippers” in Paper I, have been identified. The dippers occupy a limited region of the HR diagram and an apparent clustering in space is found. This latter feature suggests that these stars are attractive targets for SETI searches.
The Characterization of the Dust Content in the Ring Around Sz 91: Indications of Planetesimal Formation?
Authors: Maucó Karina , Carrasco-González Carlos , Schreiber Matthias R. , Sierra Anibal , Olofsson Johan , Bayo Amelia , Caceres Claudio , Canovas Hector , Palau Aina
Published: December 2021

One of the most important questions in the field of planet formation is how millimeter- and centimeter-sized dust particles overcome radial drift and fragmentation barriers to form kilometer-sized planetesimals. ALMA observations of protoplanetary disks, in particular transition disks or disks with clear signs of substructures, can provide new constraints on theories of grain growth and planetesimal formation, and therefore represent one possibility for progress on this issue. We here present ALMA band 4 (2.1 mm) observations of the transition disk system Sz 91, and combine them with previously obtained band 6 (1.3 mm) and band 7 (0.9 mm) observations. Sz 91, with its well-defined millimeter ring, more extended gas disk, and evidence of smaller dust particles close to the star, constitutes a clear case of dust filtering and the accumulation of millimeter-sized particles in a gas pressure bump. We compute the spectral index (nearly constant at ∼3.34), optical depth (marginally optically thick), and maximum grain size (∼0.61 mm) in the dust ring from the multi-wavelength ALMA observations, and compare the results with recently published simulations of grain growth in disk substructures. Our observational results are in strong agreement with the predictions of models for grain growth in dust rings that include fragmentation and planetesimal formation through streaming instability.
Spatially Highly Resolved Solar-wind-induced Magnetic Field on Venus
Authors: He Maosheng , Vogt Joachim , Dubinin Eduard , Zhang Tielong , Rong Zhaojin
Published: December 2021

The current work investigates the Venusian solar-wind-induced magnetosphere at a high spatial resolution using all Venus Express (VEX) magnetic observations through an unbiased statistical method. We first evaluate the predictability of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) during VEX’s Venusian magnetospheric transits and then map the induced field in a cylindrical coordinate system under different IMF conditions. Our mapping resolves structures on various scales, ranging from the ionopause to the classical IMF draping. We also resolve two recently reported structures, a low-ionosphere magnetization over the terminator, and a global “looping” structure in the near magnetotail. In contrast to the reported IMF-independent cylindrical magnetic field of both structures, our results illustrate their IMF dependence. In both structures, the cylindrical magnetic component is more intense in the hemisphere with an upward solar wind electric field (E
SW) than in the opposite hemisphere. Under downward E
SW, the looping structure even breaks, which is attributable to an additional draped magnetic field structure wrapping toward −E
SW. In addition, our results suggest that these two structures are spatially separate. The low-ionosphere magnetization occurs in a very narrow region, at about 88°–95° solar zenith angle and 185–210 km altitude. A least-squares fit reveals that this structure is attributable to an antisunward line current with 191.1 A intensity at 179 ± 10 km altitude, developed potentially in a Cowling channel.
Populating the Black Hole Mass Gaps in Stellar Clusters: General Relations and Upper Limits
Authors: Samsing Johan , Hotokezaka Kenta
Published: December 2021

Theory and observations suggest that single-star evolution is not able to produce black holes with masses in the range 3–5M
⊙ and above ∼45M
⊙, referred to as the lower mass gap and the upper mass gap, respectively. However, it is possible to form black holes in these gaps through mergers of compact objects in, e.g., dense clusters. This implies that if binary mergers are observed in gravitational waves with at least one mass-gap object, then either clusters are effective in assembling binary mergers, or our single-star models have to be revised. Understanding how effective clusters are at populating both mass gaps have therefore major implications for both stellar and gravitational wave astrophysics. In this paper we present a systematic study of how efficient stellar clusters are at populating both mass gaps through in-cluster mergers. For this, we derive a set of closed form relations for describing the evolution of compact object binaries undergoing dynamical interactions and mergers inside their cluster. By considering both static and time-evolving populations, we find in particular that globular clusters are clearly inefficient at populating the lower mass gap in contrast to the upper mass gap. We further describe how these results relate to the characteristic mass, time, and length scales associated with the problem.
Bayesian Fitting of Multi-Gaussian Expansion Models to Galaxy Images
Authors: Miller Tim B. , van Dokkum Pieter
Published: December 2021

Fitting parameterized models to images of galaxies has become the standard for measuring galaxy morphology. This forward-modeling technique allows one to account for the point-spread function to effectively study semi-resolved galaxies. However, using a specific parameterization for a galaxy’s surface brightness profile can bias measurements if it is not an accurate representation. Furthermore, it can be difficult to assess systematic errors in parameterized profiles. To overcome these issues we employ the Multi-Gaussian expansion (MGE) method of representing a galaxy’s profile together with a Bayesian framework for fitting images. MGE flexibly represents a galaxy’s profile using a series of Gaussians. We introduce a novel Bayesian inference approach that uses pre-rendered Gaussian components, which greatly speeds up computation time and makes it feasible to run the fitting code on large samples of galaxies. We demonstrate our method with a series of validation tests. By injecting galaxies, with properties similar to those observed at z ∼ 1.5, into deep Hubble Space Telescope observations we show that it can accurately recover total fluxes and effective radii of realistic galaxies. Additionally we use degraded images of local galaxies to show that our method can recover realistic galaxy surface brightness and color profiles. Our implementation is available in an open source python package imcascade, which contains all methods needed for the preparation of images, fitting, and analysis of results.
Fluid Energy Cascade Rate and Kinetic Damping: New Insight from 3D Landau-fluid Simulations
Authors: Ferrand R. , Sahraoui F. , Laveder D. , Passot T. , Sulem P. L. , Galtier S.
Published: December 2021

Using an exact law for incompressible Hall magnetohydrodynamics (HMHD) turbulence, the energy cascade rate is computed from three-dimensional HMHD-CGL (biadiabatic ions and isothermal electrons) and Landau-fluid numerical simulations that feature different intensities of Landau damping over a broad range of wavenumbers, typically 0.05 ≲ k
⊥
d

i
≲ 100. Using three sets of cross-scale simulations where turbulence is initiated at large, medium, and small scales, the ability of the fluid energy cascade to “sense” the kinetic Landau damping at different scales is tested. The cascade rate estimated from the exact law and the dissipation calculated directly from the simulation are shown to reflect the role of Landau damping in dissipating energy at all scales, with an emphasis on the kinetic ones. This result provides new prospects on using exact laws for simplified fluid models to analyze dissipation in kinetic simulations and spacecraft observations, and new insights into theoretical description of collisionless magnetized plasmas.
ALMA Super-resolution Imaging of T Tau: r = 12 au Gap in the Compact Dust Disk around T Tau N
Authors: Yamaguchi Masayuki , Tsukagoshi Takashi , Muto Takayuki , Nomura Hideko , Nakazato Takeshi , Ikeda Shiro , Tamura Motohide , Kawabe Ryohei
Published: December 2021

Based on Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations, compact protoplanetary disks with dust radii of r ≲ 20–40 au were found to be dominant in nearby low-mass star formation regions. However, their substructures have not been investigated because of the limited spatial resolution achieved so far. We apply a newly developed super-resolution imaging technique utilizing sparse modeling (SpM) to explore several au-scale structures in such compact disks. SpM imaging can directly solve for the incomplete sampling of visibilities in the spatial frequency and potentially improve the fidelity and effective spatial resolution of ALMA images. Here we present the results of the application to the T Tau system. We use the ALMA 1.3 mm continuum data and achieve an effective spatial resolution of ∼30% (5 au) compared with the conventional CLEAN beam size at a resolution of 17 au. The reconstructed image reveals a new annular gap structure at r = 12 au in the T Tau N compact disk, with a dust radius of 24 au, and resolves the T Tau Sa and Sb binary into two sources. If the observed gap structure in the T Tau N disk is caused by an embedded planet, we estimate a Saturn-mass planet when the viscous parameter of the disk is 10−3. Ultimately, ALMA observations with enough angular resolution and sensitivity should be able to verify the consistency of the super-resolution imaging and definitely confirm the existence of this disk substructure.
Wolf-Rayet Galaxies in SDSS-IV MaNGA. II. Metallicity Dependence of the High-mass Slope of the Stellar Initial Mass Function
Authors: Liang 梁 赋 Fu-Heng 珩 , Li Cheng , Li Niu , Zhou Shuang , Yan Renbin , Mo Houjun , Zhang Wei
Published: December 2021

As hosts of living high-mass stars, Wolf-Rayet (WR) regions or WR galaxies are ideal objects for constraining the high-mass end of the stellar initial mass function (IMF). We construct a large sample of 910 WR galaxies/regions that cover a wide range of stellar metallicity (from Z ∼ 0.001 to 0.03) by combining three catalogs of WR galaxies/regions previously selected from the SDSS and SDSS-IV/MaNGA surveys. We measure the equivalent widths of the WR blue bump at ∼4650 Å for each spectrum. They are compared with predictions from stellar evolutionary models Starburst99 and BPASS, with different IMF assumptions (high-mass slope α of the IMF ranging from 1.0 to 3.3). Both singular evolution and binary evolution are considered. We also use a Bayesian inference code to perform full spectral fitting to WR spectra with stellar population spectra from BPASS as fitting templates. We then make a model selection among different α assumptions based on Bayesian evidence. These analyses have consistently led to a positive correlation of the IMF high-mass slope α with stellar metallicity Z, i.e., with a steeper IMF (more bottom-heavy) at higher metallicities. Specifically, an IMF with α = 1.00 is preferred at the lowest metallicity (Z ∼ 0.001), and an Salpeter or even steeper IMF is preferred at the highest metallicity (Z ∼ 0.03). These conclusions hold even when binary population models are adopted.
GTC/CanariCam Deep Mid-infrared Imaging Survey of Northern Stars within 5 pc
Authors: Gauza Bartosz , Béjar Víctor J. S. , Rebolo Rafael , Álvarez Carlos , Zapatero Osorio María Rosa , Bihain Gabriel , Caballero José A. , Pinfield David J. , Telesco Charles M. , Packham Christopher
Published: December 2021

In this work we present the results of a direct imaging survey for brown dwarf companions around the nearest stars at the mid-infrared 10 micron range (λ

c
= 8.7 μm, Δλ = 1.1 μm) using the CanariCam instrument on the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC). We imaged the 25 nearest stellar systems within 5 pc of the Sun at declinations δ > −25° (at least half have planets from radial-velocity studies), reaching a mean detection limit of 11.3 ± 0.2 mag (1.5 mJy) in the Si-2 8.7 μm band over a range of angular separations from 1″ to 10″. This would have allowed us to uncover substellar companions at projected orbital separations between ∼2 and 50 au, with effective temperatures down to 600 K and masses greater than 30 M
Jup assuming an average age of 5 Gyr and masses down to the deuterium-burning mass limit for objects with ages <1 Gyr. From the nondetection of such companions, we determined upper limits on their occurrence rate at depths and orbital separations yet unexplored by deep imaging programs. For the M dwarfs, the main component of our sample, we found with a 90% confidence level that fewer than 20% of these low-mass stars have L- and T-type brown dwarf companions with m ≳ 30 M
Jup and T
eff ≳ 600 K at ∼3.5–35 au projected orbital separations.
Relativistic Dynamical Stability Criterion of Multiplanet Systems with a Distant Companion
Authors: Wei 魏 Lingfeng 凌枫 , Naoz Smadar , Faridani Thea , Farr Will M.
Published: December 2021

Multiplanetary systems are prevalent in our Galaxy. The long-term stability of such systems may be disrupted if a distant inclined companion excites the eccentricity and inclination of the inner planets via the eccentric Kozai–Lidov mechanism. However, the star–planet and the planet–planet interactions can help stabilize the system. In this work, we extend the previous stability criterion that only considered the companion–planet and planet–planet interactions by also accounting for short-range forces or effects, specifically, relativistic precession induced by the host star. A general analytical stability criterion is developed for planetary systems with N inner planets and a relatively distant inclined perturber by comparing precession rates of relevant dynamical effects. Furthermore, we demonstrate as examples that in systems with two and three inner planets, the analytical criterion is consistent with numerical simulations using a combination of Gauss’s averaging method and direct N-body integration. Finally, the criterion is applied to observed systems, constraining the orbital parameter space of a possible undiscovered companion. This new stability criterion extends the parameter space in which an inclined companion of multiplanet systems can inhabit.
FRBs Lensed by Point Masses. II. The Multipeaked FRBs from the Point View of Microlensing
Authors: Chen Xuechun , Shu Yiping , Li Guoliang , Zheng Wenwen
Published: December 2021

The microlensing effect has developed into a powerful technique for a diverse range of applications including exoplanet discoveries, structure of the Milky Way, constraints on MAssive Compact Halo Objects, and measurements of the size and profile of quasar accretion disks. In this paper, we consider a special type of microlensing events where the sources are fast radio bursts (FRBs) with ∼milliseconds (ms) durations for which the relative motion between the lens and source is negligible. In this scenario, it is possible to temporally resolve the individual microimages. As a result, a method beyond the inverse ray shooting method, which only evaluates the total magnification of all microimages, is needed. We therefore implement an algorithm for identifying individual microimages and computing their magnifications and relative time delays. We validate our algorithm by comparing to analytical predictions for a single microlens case and find excellent agreement. We show that the superposition of pulses from individual microimages produces a light curve that appears as multipeaked FRBs. The relative time delays between pulses can reach 0.1–1 ms for stellar-mass lenses and hence can already be resolved temporally by current facilities. Although not yet discovered, microlensing of FRBs will become regular events and surpass the number of quasar microlensing events in the near future when 104−5 FRBs are expected to be discovered on a daily basis. Our algorithm provides a way of generating the microlensing light curve that can be used for constraining stellar-mass distribution in distant galaxies.
Probing Ultralight Bosons with Compact Eccentric Binaries
Authors: Su Boye , Xianyu Zhong-Zhi , Zhang Xingyu
Published: December 2021

Ultralight bosons can be abundantly produced through superradiance process by a spinning black hole and form a bound state with hydrogen-like spectrum. We show that such a gravitational atom typically possesses anomalously large mass quadrupole and leads to significant orbital precession when it forms an eccentric binary with a second compact object. Dynamically formed black hole binaries or pulsar-black hole binaries are typically eccentric during their early inspirals. We show that the large orbital precession can generate distinct and observable signature in their gravitational wave or pulsar timing signals.