bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The association between the body height and cardiovascular diseases: a retrospective analysis of 657,310 outpatients in Germany
Authors: Krieg Sarah , Kostev Karel , Luedde Mark , Krieg Andreas , Luedde Tom , Roderburg Christoph , Loosen Sven H.
Published: November 2022

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) represents the leading cause of death worldwide. The identification of individuals at increased risk of CVD is essential to reduce its morbidity and mortality globally. Based on existing data on a potential association between the individual body height and the risk for CVD, we investigated this association in a large cohort of outpatients in Germany.

Methods

A total of 657,310 adult outpatients with available body height data from the Disease Analyzer (IQVIA) database were included in Germany between 2019 and 2021. The prevalence of common CVD diagnoses (hypertension, coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation and flutter, heart failure, ischemic stroke, and venous thromboembolism) was evaluated as a function of the patients’ body height stratified by age and sex.

Results

In both sexes, the prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, heart failure, and ischemic stroke was higher among patients of smaller body height. In contrast, the prevalence of atrial fibrillation and venous thromboembolism was higher in taller patients. In age- and BMI-adjusted logistic regression analyses, an increased body height was negatively associated with coronary heart disease (OR = 0.91 in women and OR = 0.87 in men per 10-cm increase in height) and strongly positively associated with atrial fibrillation (OR = 1.25 in women and men) and venous thromboembolism (OR = 1.23 in women and OR = 1.24 in men).

Conclusion

We present the first data from a large cohort of outpatients in Germany providing strong evidence for an association between the body height and common CVD. These data should stimulate a discussion as to how far the body height should be implemented as a parameter in stratification tools to assess CVD risk in order to further reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the future.
Ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants used in Artuma Fursi district, Amhara Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Yimam Mohammed , Yimer Siraj Mammo , Beressa Tamirat Bekele
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Indigenous people of different ethnic groups in Ethiopia are noticeably reliant on traditional medicinal plants for their healthcare due to their effective medicinal values. The study was aimed to document different herbal medicinal plants used and the associated knowledge of herbal medicine in the communities of the Artuma Fursi district.

Methodology

Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews, field observations, focused group discussions with the informants selected from the study area. Key informants were selected by purposive sampling technique, while the rest, were selected by random sampling techniques. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics; paired comparison, preference ranking, and informant consensus factor.

Results

A total of 86 informants participated in the collection of the ethnobotanical data. A total of 92 medicinal plants were collected and identified. Fabaceae was the highest family cited (11.9%). The study revealed that leaves (31.1%), seeds (19.8%), and roots (12.26%) were the most cited plant parts used for the preparation of herbal medicine by the respondents. The most common method of preparation of herbal medicines was pounding (21.6%) and the most common route of administration was oral route (53.7%). The majority of the medications (60.3%) were prepared without the additive. Charcoal production was the major threat to medicinal plants in the study area.

Conclusion

Artuma Fursi district is rich in medicinal plant and the associated indigenous knowledge. The documented knowledge will be helpful for further research in the drug development process.
Demystifying Hebeloma: introducing hebeloma.org and its database
Authors: Bartlett Peter , Eberhardt Ursula , Beker Henry J.
Published: November 2022

We here announce the launch of the website https://hebeloma.org.
Preparation of Superactive Prolactin Receptor Antagonists
Authors: Solomon Gili , Oclon Ewa , Hayouka Zvi , Gertler Arieh
Published: November 2022

Most breast cancer deaths are caused by malignant estrogen receptor–positive breast tumors that later recur as metastatic disease. Prolactin (PRL) has been documented as a factor promoting breast cancer development and metastasis. We therefore developed superactive prolactin receptor (PRLR) antagonists aimed at blocking PRL action. We purified 12 novel mutants to homogeneity as monomers, and the most potent antagonist was over 95-fold more active than the previously reported weak antagonist, the mutant Del 1-9 human PRL G129R. This enhanced antagonistic activity resulted mostly from prolonged interaction with the extracellular domain (ECD) of PRLR. All mutants were properly refolded, as indicated by interaction with human PRLR-ECD and by circular dichroism analysis. We then prepared monopegylated variants of the most active mutants to extend their biological half-life in vivo.
The Fear We Feel Everyday: Affective Temporalities in Fridays for Future
Authors: Knops Louise
Published: November 2022

In the latest wave of climate change activism, affects and time are everywhere. Most recent works have focused on these dimensions separately, the intersection between time and affectivity underexplored. This author argues that focusing on affects and emotions is crucial to understand the political implications of the temporal narratives drawn by climate activists in a way that complements the politicization vs. depoliticization binary in this context. To document the political labor performed by affects and emotions, the article discusses three aspects of the affective temporalities mobilized by Fridays for Future and Youth for Climate activists: the political potential of affective tipping points which trigger moments that “draw a line” and bring together the temporalities of mobilization and geological change; the politicizing effect of painful emotions, such as anticipatory nostalgia and grief, which challenge the “modern arrow of time”; and the constitutive power of these emotions in the construction of a terrestrial affective identity.
White Enclosures
Authors: Rexhepi Piro
Published: November 2022

For all its history of intersecting empires, the Balkans has been rarely framed as a global site of race and coloniality. This, as Piro Rexhepi argues in White Enclosures is not surprising, given the perception of the Balkans as colorblind and raceless, a project that spans post-Ottoman racial formations, transverses Socialist modernity and is negotiated anew in the process of postsocialist Euro-Atlantic integration. Connecting severed colonial histories from the vantage point of body politic, Rexhepi turns to the borderland zones of the Balkans to trace past and present geopolitical attempts of walling whiteness. From efforts to straighten the sexualities of post-Ottoman Muslim subjects, to Yugoslav nonaligned solidarities between Muslims of the second and third world, to Roma displacement and contemporary emergence of refugee carceral technologies along the Balkan Route, Rexhepi points not only to the epistemic erasures that maintain the fantasy of whiteness but also to the disruption emanating from the solidarities between queer- and transpeople that fold the Balkans back into global efforts to resist the politics of racial capitalism.
Prognostic Value of Preoperative Serological Biomarkers in Patients Undergoing Curative-Intent Cytoreductive Surgery for Colorectal Cancer Peritoneal Metastases
Authors: El Asmar Antoine , Delcourt Martin , Kamden Leonel , Khaled Charif , Bohlok Ali , Moreau Michel , Sclafani Francesco , Donckier Vincent , Liberale Gabriel
Published: November 2022

Background

Cytoreductive surgery (CRS) for peritoneal metastases of colorectal cancer (PMCRC) is associated with a high risk of postoperative morbidity, thus making patient selection of upmost importance. Further to data showing an association between preoperative serological biomarkers and patient outcome in various solid tumors, in this study we aim to evaluate their prognostic value in patients with PMCRC treated with curative intent.

Patients and Methods

This is a retrospective study including patients with PMCRC treated by complete CRS ± HIPEC at our institution between 2011 and 2020. Preoperative serological biomarkers, along with other standard clinicopathological variables, were studied to determine their prognostic value.

Results

A total of 94 out of 108 patients met the inclusion criteria. Forty-three patients (46%) presented with synchronous PM. The median peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was 6. On univariate analysis, a higher neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) was associated with poor prognosis in terms of overall survival (OS) [cutoff 3.567, hazard ratio (HR) 2.8 (1.4–5.3), p = 0.002], whereas a higher platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) predicted favorable prognosis in terms of disease-free survival (DFS) [cutoff 185.4, HR 1.9 (1.07–3.53), p = 0.030]. On multivariate analysis, NLR > 3.567, positive lymph nodes (LNs), and PCI > 7 were independent predictive factors for worse OS, whereas NLR > 3.567 and positive LNs were significantly associated with worse DFS. PLR > 185.4 was associated with better DFS.

Conclusion

High preoperative NLR (> 3.567) and PLR (> 185.4) can predict outcome of patients with PMCRC treated by complete CRS ± HIPEC.
Association of pre-diabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus with intracranial plaque characteristics in patients with acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Li Rui-Ying , Yu Jia-Wei , Chen Xiao-Hui , Han Qiao-Qiao , Ge Hong , Li Cheng , Ju Shenghong , Zhao Deng-Ling
Published: November 2022

Objectives:

To investigate the association of pre-diabetes(i.e., the early stages of glucometabolic disturbance) and Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with intracranial plaque characteristics in patients with acute ischemic stroke using three-dimensional high-resolution MR imaging.

Methods:

One hundred and forty-three symptomatic patients with acute ischemic stroke attribute to intracranial atherosclerotic plaque were prospectively enrolled. All participants were further divided into three groups: normal glucose metabolism(non-diabetes) group(n = 41), pre-diabetes group(n = 45), and T2DM group(n = 57) according to glucometabolic status. Culprit plaque characteristics (such as plaque burden, normalized wall index and enhancement ratio), total plaque number, and global plaque enhancement score were analyzed and compared among the three glucometabolic groups. The association between pre-diabetes and T2DM with intracranial plaque characteristics was assessed by logistic regression and multivariate linear regression.

Results:

Plaque number was higher in patients with pre-diabetes and T2DM compared with those with non-diabetes(3.71 ± 1.83 and 3.75 ± 1.71 vs 2.24 ± 1.46, p = 0.006). Multivariate logistic regression showed a significant association of multiple intracranial plaques with pre-diabetes(OR 3.524, 95% CI 1.082 ~ 11.479, p = 0.037), T2DM(OR 3.760, 95% CI 1.098 ~ 12.872, p = 0.035) and luminal stenotic rate. Both pre-diabetes and T2DM were significantly associated with culprit plaque enhancement ratio(β = 0.527 and β = 0.536; respectively; p < 0.001) and global plaque enhancement score(β = 0.264 and β = 0.373; respectively; p < 0.05).

Conclusions:

Patients with pre-diabetes and T2DM had similar intracranial atherosclerotic plaque vulnerability, as demonstrated by multiple plaques, increased culprit plaque enhancement ratio and global plaque enhancement score.

Advances in knowledge:

Pre-diabetes might be a risk factor for intracranial plaque vulnerability. It is necessary to monitor a slight increase in blood glucose in non-diabetes patients with acute ischemic stroke.
A human mesenchymal spheroid prototype to replace moderate severity animal procedures in leukaemia drug testing
Authors: Wilson Aaron , Hockney Sean , Parker Jessica , Angel Sharon , Blair Helen , Pal Deepali
Published: November 2022

Patient derived xenograft (PDX) models are regarded as gold standard preclinical models in leukaemia research, especially in testing new drug combinations where typically 45-50 mice are used per assay. 9000 animal experiments are performed annually in the UK in leukaemia research with these expensive procedures being classed as moderate severity, meaning they cause significant pain, suffering and visible distress to animal’s state. Furthermore, not all clinical leukaemia samples engraft and when they do data turnaround time can be between 6-12 months. Heavy dependence on animal models is because clinical leukaemia samples do not proliferate in vitro. Alternative cell line models though popular for drug testing are not biomimetic – they are not dependent on the microenvironment for survival, growth and treatment response and being derived from relapse samples they do not capture the molecular complexity observed at disease presentation. Here we have developed an in vitro platform to rapidly establish co-cultures of patient-derived leukaemia cells with 3D bone marrow mesenchyme spheroids, BM-MSC-spheroids.  We optimise protocols for developing MSC-spheroid leukaemia co-culture using clinical samples and deliver drug response data within a week. Using three patient samples representing distinct cytogenetics we show that patient-derived-leukaemia cells show enhanced proliferation when co-cultured with MSC-spheroids. In addition, MSC-spheroids provided improved protection against treatment. This makes our spheroids suitable to model treatment resistance – a major hurdle in current day cancer management

Given this 3Rs approach is 12 months faster (in delivering clinical data), is a human cell-based biomimetic model and uses 45-50 fewer animals/drug-response assay the anticipated target end-users would include academia and pharmaceutical industry. This animal replacement prototype would facilitate clinically translatable research to be performed with greater ethical, social and financial sustainability.
COMPOSITION AND PROPERTIES OF AGRODERN-PODZOLIC SOILS OF THE PRE-URAL PROVINCE OF THE FOREST-STEPPE ZONE
Authors: Gaffarova Liliya , Ahrarova Anastasiya , Belyaev Sergey
Published: November 2022

The paper presents the results of the analysis of materials of a large-scale soil and agrochemical survey, morphological structure and properties of agrodern-podzolic soils of the Mamadysh municipal district of the Republic of Tatarstan located in the northern part of the Pre-Ural province of the forest-steppe zone. Statistical parameters of sod-medium podzolic soils accurately record the patterns of profile distribution of properties identified during the analysis of individual analytical information. Indicators of dynamic and stable properties of agrodernov-weakly podzolic heavy loamy soils are below their optimal parameters necessary for modern agriculture. Accordingly, they will be limiting factors in achieving the potential determined by the moisture availability of the territory. Agrodernovo-podzolic soils of the district in a layer of 0-20 cm on average contain 55.4 t/ha of humus reserves, in a half–meter thick – 81.1 t/ha, in a meter layer - 111.0 t/ha and 51.6; 79.3; 103.2 t/ha, respectively, in a slightly washed taxon. The degree of availability of mobile phosphorus varies according to the rounds of agrochemical examination within the limits of medium and high content. In the dynamics of potassium in the soils of the district, there is an increased content in all rounds of the agrochemical survey with a positive trend in recent years. The preservation of areas with an acidic reaction of the environment, despite the increase in liming volumes, was facilitated by erosion processes, deepening of the arable horizon, as well as the use of physiologically acidic mineral fertilizers. The actual yield of winter rye, depending on the year, has a range of fluctuations from 0.5 to 3.2 t/ha, with an average value of 2.49 t/ha and a coefficient of variation of 44.6%. Time series with the content of mobile phosphorus and potassium in soils and the yield of winter rye positively correlate with a correlation coefficient of 0.44 (mobile potassium) and 0.63 (mobile phosphorus). A reliable correlation was obtained between them. The obtained regression equations can be used to predict the yield of winter rye in the district. Soils of this type require the introduction of high doses of fertilizers and bringing the humus content of the arable horizon to its optimal values.
RESULTS OF STUDIES OF PRODUCTIVITY AND ADAPTABILITY OF SUNFLOWER HYBRIDS OF EU MONOLYSIS, EU BELLA, EU GENESIS ON GREY FOREST SOILS OF THE REPUBLIC OF TATARSTAN
Authors: Suleymanov Salavat , Safiollin Faik
Published: November 2022

The research was carried out to study the productivity and adaptability of sunflower hybrids EU Monalisa, EU Bella, EU Genesis on gray forest soils of the Republic of Tatarstan. Field experiments were carried out in 2020-2021 on the basis of Agrobiotechnopark LLC (Narmonka village, Laishevsky municipal District of the Republic of Tatarstan), laboratory analyses were carried out at the Agroecological Research Center of the Kazan State Agrarian University. According to the research results, it was found that the hybrid Genesis differed in field germination from the 3 compared variants (field germination - 86.7%), this variant also had the highest seedling growth rate – 0.22 g/plant. But despite such a high field germination, by the end of the growing season, this hybrid had a minimum plant safety of 95.4%, and the Monolysis hybrid had a maximum (96.6%). The maturation periods of the studied hybrids ranged from 112 to 120 days. The Bell hybrid turned out to be the most precocious – 112 days, which is especially important for the conditions of the Republic of Tatarstan with limited thermal resources. The studied hybrids also differed in biometric indicators. Thus, the tallest of the studied hybrids was Monalisa (166 cm), and the shortest was Genesis (158 cm). The hybrid Genesis was distinguished by the structure of the crop, yield, oil content and protein content. So this hybrid had the maximum indicators for the following indicators: basket diameter – 12.2 cm; weight of 1000 seeds – 50.6 g; oil content – 46.0%; protein content – 26%; the yield is 2.46 t/ha and the gross harvest of vegetable oil is 1132 kg per 1 hectare.
Polish version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42) – adaptation and normalization
Authors: Makara-Studzińska Marta , Załuski Maciej , Adamczyk Katarzyna , Tyburski Ernest
Published: November 2022

Cel pracy

Celem badania była polska adaptacja i wstępna normalizacja Skali Depresji, Lęku i Stresu wersja 42 (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale – 42; DASS-42).

Metoda

Badanie przeprowadzono w grupie 1021 respondentów (625 kobiet i 396 mężczyzn), w wieku: 18-83 lata (M = 30.67; SD = 13.25). Była to grupa niekliniczna. Drugą grupą utworzyło 49 pacjentów psychiatrycznych (28 kobiet i 21 mężczyzn), w wieku: 22-76 lat (M = 49,40 SD = 13,34). Rzetelność DASS-42 została oszacowana za pomocą współczynników: α Cronhacha oraz współczynnika korelacji wewnątrzklasowej (ICC).

Wyniki

W próbie nieklinicznej współczynnik α Cronhacha przyjął wartość 0,93 pkt. dla podskali depresji, 0,89 pkt. dla podskali lęku, 0,92 pkt. dla podskali stresu oraz 0,96 pkt. dla wyniku ogólnego DASS-42. Współczynniki korelacji wewnątrzklasowej przyjęły wartości zadowalające, pomiędzy 0,37 a 0,49 pkt. Pacjenci psychiatryczni uzyskali wyniki istotnie wyższe (p < 0.001) od osób zdrowych we wszystkich podskalach kwestionariusza oraz wyniku ogólnym. Jest to wskaźnik dobrej trafności równoczesnej narzędzia. Wielkość efektu różnic dla wszystkich wskaźników kwestionariusza była duża (0,96 < d < 1,44). Wyniki uzyskane przez zdrowe kobiety i zdrowych mężczyzn różniły się od siebie, natomiast wiek nie zróżnicował osób badanych. Skala stenowa została opracowana z uwzględnieniem płci respondentów.

Wnioski

Uzyskano wyniki potwierdzające zadowalające właściwości psychometryczne polskiej wersji kwestionariusza DASS-42. Narzędzie to może być przydatne do użycia w badaniach przesiewowych w grupach osób zdrowych i pacjentów psychiatrycznych.
High school students on reasons for absenteeism in physical education classes
Authors: Jastrzębska Joanna
Published: November 2022

The aim of the study was an attempt to diagnose the phenomenon of absenteeism in PE lessons of high school youth.

The survey included 51 randomly selected students aged 14-18 from a selected high school in Lodz.

The research was carried out on the basis of the diagnostic survey method and the survey technique, while the research tool was a questionnaire constructed for the needs of the pilot studies, containing closed, semi-open and open questions

The results of the research were subjected to statistical analysis, determining the significance of differences using the chi-square test.

The research results indicate that girls (36,7%) less often and less willingly participate in PE lessons than boys (66,7%). The main reasons for absenteeism from physical education lessons are the teacher's approach and the way of conducting classes (7,9%); lack of awareness and knowledge of the benefits of physical activity (31,4%); lack of encouragement to take up physical activity on the part of relatives and the teacher (8%), and shame caused by the appearance of the body (13,5%).
OBESIDADE E INFLAMAÇÃO CRÔNICA: ALTERAÇÕES METABÓLICAS EM UMA POPULAÇÃO MASCULINA DO INTERIOR DA BAHIA
Authors: Silva Assunção Ana Carolina , Carla Jamile Jabar Menezes
Published: November 2022

Segundo a Organização Mundial de Saúde (2010), a obesidade é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública na atualidade. Em 2016, cerca de 650 milhões de adultos eram obesos e 380 milhões de crianças e adolescentes com idade até os 19 anos foram considerados com sobrepeso ou obesidade (WHO, 2018). A prevalência mundial triplicou entre o período de 1975 e 2016 nos adultos, e continua aumentando em países de baixa e média renda (NCD-RISC, 2017).
Prevalência de HIV, sífilis e hepatites virais entre trabalhadores e trabalhadoras da saúde na atenção básica e de média complexidade em Santo Antônio de Jesus, Bahia
Authors: Serra Almeida Gabriel , Kaio Vinicius Freitas de Andrade
Published: November 2022

O trabalho em saúde é mediado pelos seus profissionais num eixo entre o ambiente físico e condições psicológicas. Assim, processos dinâmicos e as relações do trabalho tendem a gerar uma ordem dualista de saúde/doença, agravada pelos acidentes de trabalho e condições ocupacionais, requerendo ações de vigilância epidemiológica (BRASIL, 2002).
CULTIVANDO A PAZ NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL: PERCEPÇÃO DOS EDUCADORES DE UM CMEI EM FEIRA SANTANA – BA
Authors: Rayciane Santos Suzart  , Aisiane Cedraz Morais
Published: November 2022

A violência na atualidade deixou de ser um evento de grupos ou localizações específicas e tem se apresentado de forma abrangente, dinâmica, complexa, mutante e em virtude disso, exige de toda a sociedade uma busca pelo conhecimento e entendimento do assunto, bem como de estratégias coletivas de prevenção, monitoramento, controle e combate, objetivando minimizar as inúmeras consequências que esta situação acarreta aos seres humanos.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA DE MULHERES: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Aparecida Soares Santos Náira , Marcia Sandra Fernandes dos Santos Lima
Published: November 2022

A qualidade de vida (QV) é definida pela OMS (1995,p.179) como “a percepção do indivíduo em relação a sua inserção na vida, no contexto da cultura e valores nos quais ele vive e em relação aos seus objetivos, expectativas, padrões e preocupações”.
A DINÂMICA CLIMÁTICA E AS RELAÇÕES ENTRE o El NIñO-OSCILAÇÃO SUL (ENOS) E A PRODUTIVIDADE DO MILHO E FEIJÃO EM FEIRA DE SANTANA-BA ENTRE 1980 A 2019
Authors: Estrela Costa Alisson , Jemison Mattos dos Santos
Published: November 2022

Os estudos realizados no campo da produtividade agrícola atrelado às variáveis climáticas em especial os efeitos do ENOS tornaram-se um dos principais campos de estudo da climatologia, tendo como objetivo explanar acerca das influências do clima nas atividades realizadas pela sociedade, em geral.
POSSÍVEIS DIÁLOGOS SOBRE O CONCEITO DE RECONHECIMENTO ENTRE AXEL HONNETH E FRANTZ FANON
Authors: Leão de Oliveira Danniel , Carlos Cesar Barros
Published: November 2022

Este projeto de iniciação científica, baseado na pesquisa “Educação para os direitos humanos: eticidade e ação criativa em diferentes contextos do brincar”, buscou se aprofundar no possível diálogo entre dois autores acerca do reconhecimento. São esses autores Axel Honneth e Frantz Fanon. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi identificar os possíveis elementos de um diálogo teórico sobre o reconhecimento entre Frantz Fanon e Axel Honneth.
MARCAS DE ORALIDADE NA ESCRITA: O ROTACISMO EM DADOS DO ACERVO “CARTAS EM SISAL”
Authors: Eduarda Oliveira Moreira  , Huda da Silva Santiago
Published: November 2022

Sabe-se que a formação do português brasileiro, de acordo com Lucchesi (2017), deu-se a partir do contato massivo entre o português europeu e as línguas indígenas e africanas. E que as condições para o desenvolvimento da sociedade brasileira forammarcadas por diferentes povos e falares, o que se reflete na história sociolinguística do país, determinante para a heterogeneidade da língua.
OS ESTUDOS SOBRE POLÍTICA EDUCACIONAL NO PERIÓDICO PRO-POSIÇÕES: UM DIÁLOGO COM A PRODUÇÃO ACADÊMICA (2000-2016)
Authors: Carneiro Sousa Victória , Elizabete Pereira Barbosa
Published: November 2022

Desde agosto de 2019, a pesquisa “Estudos de Revisão em Educação: tipologias e tendências metodológicas (2000-2016)” está em andamento em sete universidades brasileiras e objetiva caracterizar os trabalhos que pesquisam a produção acadêmica, a partir de um conjunto específico de trabalhos selecionados, identificando e analisando as diferentes denominações e enfoques metodológicos, suas apropriações ou ressignificações e indicando as tendências, as potencialidades e os desafios que se apresentam à área de educação, frente a esse tipo de pesquisa.
"No soy musa, soy artista, y de las gordas": activismo gordo hispánico en Instagram
Authors: Martínez Sariego Mónica María
Published: November 2022

Este trabajo ofrece una descripción y análisis de manifestaciones concretas del activismo gordo crítico en cuentas de Instagram de España y Latinoamérica. Para contextualizar el tema, definimos los principales conceptos del activismo gordo, describimos las formas de opresión que sufre el colectivo y revisamos la relación, no exenta de fricciones, entre feminismo y activismo gordo. Sigue el estudio de calas concretas en cuentas y publicaciones recientes de Instagram que reflejan los puntos de debate esenciales hoy en el movimiento: la lucha contra la invisibilización de la gordura, el empoderamiento del sujeto gordo mediante la apropiación de los insultos "gorda", "gordo" y "gorde", la expresión pública de la herida mediante la confesión personal y, en definitiva, la politización del concepto.
Sobre el reconocimiento de la enfermedad como experiencia subjetiva y su impacto en la Salud Pública
Authors: Diaz Romero Paula
Published: November 2022

El presente trabajo busca analizar la relación médico-paciente desde el marco de una bioética fenomenológica. La fenomenología de la enfermedad parte de la experiencia subjetiva y analiza los rasgos invariables de la misma, es decir, aquellos rasgos esenciales que aparecen ante la presencia de la enfermedad. A partir de este enfoque sobre la enfermedad, la fenomenología brinda elementos que permiten pensar críticamente la relación médico-paciente al reconocer la dimensión situada de la enfermedad y el contexto institucional que modifica, altera y resignifica esta situacionalidad. De este modo, se propondrá que una bioética fenomenológica da fundamento a la salud pública al poner al descubierto la necesidad de garantizar el cuidado de la vulnerabilidad del enfermo, que excede el ámbito de lo meramente patológico.
Relationship between the beam propagation method and linear canonical and fractional Fourier transforms
Authors: Koç Aykut , Ozaktas Haldun M.
Published: November 2022

The beam propagation method (BPM) can be viewed as a chain of alternating convolutions
and multiplications, as filtering operations alternately in the space
and frequency domains or as multiplication operations sandwiched
between linear canonical or fractional Fourier transforms. These
structures provide alternative models of inhomogeneous media and
potentially allow mathematical tools and algorithms associated with
these transforms to be applied to the BPM. As an example, in the case
where quadratic approximation is possible, it is shown that the BPM
can be represented as a single LCT system, leading to significantly
faster computation of the output field.
High brightness in-band pumped fiber MOPA with output power scaling to >4.6kW
Authors: Mete Busra , Yeniay Aydın , Ecevit F. Necati , Kalyoncu Salih K.
Published: November 2022

An in-band pumping technique that employs low numerical aperture (NA) and high brightness fiber lasers emitting at 1018 nm enables outstanding power scaling performance by increasing pump power handling capacity of fiber components, reducing thermal load and quantum defect. Here, we present design criteria for an in-band pumped fiber master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) structure, pumped with 1018 nm fiber lasers, as well as mitigation strategies for nonlinear effects for scalable single-mode laser operation at multi-kilowatt power levels. In addition, we report experimental demonstration of an in-band pumped MOPA with an output power scaling up to 4.63 kW and a slope efficiency of∼88%. The MOPA system is pumped by18×264Whigh brightness fiber lasers operating at1017.8±0.3nmwith an NA of<0.075. The laser emits at 1080.4 nm wavelength with a stimulated Raman scattering suppression of>36.8dBand has a near-diffraction-limited beam quality ofM2∼1.61. To the best of our knowledge, our laser has the highest brightness of153GW⋅cm−2⋅sr−1reported at 1080 nm in co-pumping configuration.
Smartphone-based single snapshot spatial frequency domain imaging
Authors: Lam Jesse H. , Tu Kelsey J. , Kim Jeonghun , Kim Sehwan
Published: November 2022

We report a handheld, smartphone-based spatial frequency domain imaging device. We first examined the linear dynamic range of the smartphone camera sensor. We then calculated optical properties for a series of liquid phantoms with varying concentrations of nigrosin ink and Intralipid, demonstrating separation of absorption and scattering. The device was then tested on a human wrist, where optical properties and hemoglobin-based chromophores were calculated. Finally, we performed an arterial occlusion on a human hand and captured hemodynamics using our device. We hope to lay the foundation for an accessible SFDI device with mass-market appeal designed for dermatological and cosmetic applications.
Analytical solution of the vector radiative transfer equation for single scattered radiance: erratum
Authors: Hank Philipp , Liemert André , Kienle Alwin
Published: November 2022

We have discovered a small error in our recently published work
[J. Opt. Soc. Am.
A 39, 2045
(2022)JOSAAH0030-394110.1364/JOSAA.467890], which we correct in
this erratum. The error is located in Section 2.D and affects
the solution for polydisperse distributions.
Time-division technique for quantum optical receivers utilizing single-photon detector array technology and spatial-multiplexing
Authors: Tello Castillo Alfonso , Donaldson Ross
Published: November 2022

Free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) has been gaining popularity in recent years due to its advantages in creating networking options for the quantum internet. One of the main challenges to be addressed in QKD is the achievable secret key rate, which must meet current and future demand. Some of the existing solutions include the use of higher bandwidth electronics, untrusted relay architectures such as Twin-Field QKD, or high dimensional QKD. In this work, we proposed the use of a combination of spatial-multiplexing and time-division techniques, together with the use of 2D single-photon avalanche diode arrays to increase the final throughput. The main challenge in a free-space scenario is the effects introduced by turbulence. This paper demonstrates how appropriate time-division of the spatial-modes can reduce the quantum bit error rate due to optical crosstalk from 36% to 0%. With this technique, we believe the future need for superconducting nanowires single photon detectors, in some free-space QKD applications, can be relaxed, obtaining more cost-effective receiver systems.
Combined effects of polarization and secondary ablation on precision machining of microgrooves by laser-induced microjet-assisted ablation
Authors: Guo Yang , Qiu Pei , Xu Shaolin
Published: November 2022

In this study, we propose a polarization-modulated laser-induced microjet-assisted ablation method for machining microgrooves with controllable cross-sections. A novel mathematical model is presented to accurately predict the cross-sections by considering the combined effects of polarization and secondary ablation. The simulation and experimental results reveal that the effect of secondary ablation becomes more obvious when steeper grooves are ablated with higher repetition frequency and larger pulse energy. The polarization effect and secondary ablation of target material result in asymmetric ablation of linearly polarized laser beam. To avoid the asymmetric ablation, we present the cylindrical vector beams to achieve scanning-path independent laser micromachining with various cross-sections. Based on the prediction model, the cross-sectional characteristics are precisely designed and fabricated by tuning laser processing parameters. Our work provides a reliable approach for the controllable fabrication of microgrooves at the scale of tens of micrometers.
Energy-efficient workload allocation in edge-cloud fiber-wireless networks
Authors: Wang Shoucui , Chen Bowen , Liang Ruixin , Liu Ling , Chen Hong , Gao Mingyi , Wu Jinbing , Ju Weiguo , Ho Pin-Han
Published: November 2022

In order to realize the green computing of the edge-cloud fiber-wireless networks, the cooperation between the edge servers and the cloud servers is particularly important to reduce the network energy consumption. Therefore, this paper proposes an energy-efficient workload allocation (EEWA) scheme to improve the energy efficiency by using the architecture of edge-cloud fiber-wireless networks. The feasibility of the proposed EEWA scheme was verified on our SDN testbed. We also do the simulation to obtain the optimal results for a given set of task requests. Simulation results show that our proposed EEWA scheme greatly reduces the blocking probability and the average energy consumption of task requests in edge-cloud fiber-wireless networks.
Design of a confocal dispersion objective lens based on the GRIN lens
Authors: Li Chunyan , Li Ke , Liu Jihong , Lv Zheng , Li Gengpeng , Li Danlin
Published: November 2022

Spectral confocal technology utilizes the principle of dispersion to establish the precise coding relationship between spatial position and wavelength in the axial focal point. The axial dispersion produced by the dispersion lens will affect the measurement range and resolution of the system. Taking into account the above advantages of the GRIN lens, the dispersion objective lens of spectral confocal displacement sensor based on the radial GRIN lens in this paper is proposed. The imaging characteristics of the GRIN lens are analyzed. By deducing the refractive index distribution and optical properties of the radial GRIN lens, the optical focal length and axial dispersion models of the GRIN lens are established. Then, based on the optical focus and dispersion function of the GRIN lens, the calculation of refractive index distribution is completed by MATLAB. The simulation design of the GRIN dispersion objective lens is completed by ZEMAX. Finally, the optimization design of the GRIN dispersion objective lens is completed. The designed results indicate that the dispersion objective lens based on radial GRIN lens can achieve axial dispersion of 1215 µm in the wavelength range of 420 nm ∼ 620 nm as well as the linear correlation coefficient between wavelength and axial dispersion is 99.69%. The resolution of GRIN dispersion objective lens is about 6.075 nm. The focusing effect of the lens at each wavelength is good, and the measurement range and dispersion linearity of the lens are better than those of the same kind of traditional dispersion objective lens. Compared with the same kind of traditional dispersion objective lens, the dispersion objective lens based on GRIN lens has compact structure and small diameter. And the measurement range and resolution of the system are improved. So it is easier to realize precise measurement. The research results of this paper have certain guiding significance and reference value for the application of the GRIN lens in the spectral confocal system.
Functional pixels: a pathway towards true holographic displays using today’s display technology
Authors: Falldorf Claas , Rukin Ilja , Müller André F. , Kroker Stefanie , Bergmann Ralf. B.
Published: November 2022

Today’s 3D dynamic holographic display techniques suffer from severe limitations due to an available number of pixels that is several orders of magnitude lower than required by conventional approaches. We introduce a solution to this problem by introducing the concept of functional pixels. This concept is based on pixels that individually spatially modulate the amplitude and phase of incident light with a polynomial function, rather than just a constant phase or amplitude. We show that even in the simple case of a linear modulation of the phase, the pixel count can be drastically reduced up to 3 orders of magnitude while preserving most of the image details. This scheme can be easily implemented with already existing technology, such as micro mirror arrays that provide tip, tilt and piston movement. Even though the individual pixels need to be technologically more advanced, the comparably small number of such pixels required to form a display may pave the way towards true holographic dynamic 3D displays.
Programmable low-power consumption all-optical nonlinear activation functions using a micro-ring resonator with phase-change materials
Authors: Fu Ziling , Wang Zhi , Bienstman Peter , Jiang Rui , Wang Jian , Wu Chongqing
Published: November 2022

A programmable hardware implementation of all-optical nonlinear activation functions for different scenarios and applications in all-optical neural networks is essential. We demonstrate a programmable, low-loss all-optical activation function device based on a silicon micro-ring resonator loaded with phase change materials. Four different nonlinear activation functions of Relu, ELU, Softplus and radial basis functions are implemented for incident signal light of the same wavelength. The maximum power consumption required to switch between the four different nonlinear activation functions in calculation is only 1.748 nJ. The simulation of classification of hand-written digit images also shows that they can perform well as alternative nonlinear activation functions. The device we design can serve as nonlinear units in photonic neural networks, while its nonlinear transfer function can be flexibly programmed to optimize the performance of different neuromorphic tasks.
Correcting sampling bias in speckle contrast imaging
Authors: Zheng Shuqi , Mertz Jerome
Published: November 2022

When performing spatial or temporal laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI), contrast is generally estimated from localized windows containing limited numbers of independent speckle grains N
S
. This leads to a systematic bias in the estimated speckle contrast. We describe an approach to determine N
S
and largely correct for this bias, enabling a more accurate estimation of the speckle decorrelation time without recourse to numerical fitting of data. Validation experiments are presented where measurements are ergodic or non-ergodic, including in vivo imaging of mouse brain.
Architecture for integrated RF photonic downconversion of electronic signals
Authors: O’Malley Nathan P. , McKinzie Keith A. , Alshaykh Mohammed S. , Liu Junqiu , Leaird Daniel E. , Kippenberg Tobias J. , McKinney Jason D. , Weiner Andrew M.
Published: November 2022

Electronic analog to digital converters (ADCs) are running up against the well-known bit depth versus bandwidth trade off. Towards this end, radio frequency (RF) photonic-enhanced ADCs have been the subject of interest for some time. Optical frequency comb technology has been used as a workhorse underlying many of these architectures. Unfortunately, such designs must generally grapple with size, weight, and power (SWaP) concerns, as well as frequency ambiguity issues which threaten to obscure critical spectral information of detected RF signals. In this work, we address these concerns via an RF photonic downconverter with potential for easy integration and field deployment by leveraging a novel, to the best of our knowledge, hybrid microcomb/electro-optic comb design.
Antenna-based reduced IR absorbers for high-performance microbolometers
Authors: Jagan Mohan Rao S , Kim Dai-Sik , Namgung Seon , Lee Dukhyung
Published: November 2022

Absorbers for long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) are designed to have a reduced geometry fitted to a gold cross antenna and numerically studied. Compared to the square membrane geometry widely used in conventional microbolometers, the reduced geometry results in smaller thermal capacities of the vanadium dioxide (VO2) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) layers. However, near-field focusing by the cross antenna leads to a high LWIR absorption. Calculations show that the temperature change per incident energy increases with a decrease in the arm width, and the reduced absorber surpasses the square geometry for all incident angles and polarizations. The antenna-based reduced absorber studied here could serve as an alternative geometry for high-performance microbolometers.
Accurate PSF determination in x ray image restoration
Authors: Liu Xin , Chen Rongze , Lei Yaohu , Huang Jianheng , Liu Xiaoli
Published: November 2022

When a source’s focal spot is known, an x ray image can be significantly improved by a deconvolution algorithm with the point spread function (PSF). We propose a simple method to measure the PSF for image restoration using x ray speckle imaging. In this method, the PSF is reconstructed with intensity and total variation constraints from a single x ray speckle of an ordinary diffuser. Compared with the traditional time-consuming measurement with a pinhole camera, the speckle imaging method is fast and easy to execute. When the PSF is available, we use a deconvolution algorithm to reconstruct the sample’s radiography image, and the result provides more structural details than the original images.
The Singularity Theorems of General Relativity and Their Low Regularity Extensions
Authors: Steinbauer Roland
Published: November 2022

On the occasion of Sir Roger Penrose’s 2020 Nobel Prize in Physics, we review the singularity theorems of General Relativity, as well as their recent extension to Lorentzian metrics of low regularity. The latter is motivated by the quest to explore the nature of the singularities predicted by the classical theorems. Aiming at the more mathematically minded reader, we give a pedagogical introduction to the classical theorems with an emphasis on the analytical side of the arguments. We especially concentrate on focusing results for causal geodesics under appropriate geometric and initial conditions, in the smooth and in the low regularity case. The latter comprise the main technical advance that leads to the proofs of$C^{1}$C1-singularity theorems via a regularisation approach that allows to deal with the distributional curvature. We close with an overview on related lines of research and a future outlook.
OrganoID: A versatile deep learning platform for tracking and analysis of single-organoid dynamics
Authors: Matthews Jonathan M. , Schuster Brooke , Kashaf Sara Saheb , Liu Ping , Ben-Yishay Rakefet , Ishay-Ronen Dana , Izumchenko Evgeny , Shen Le , Weber Christopher R. , Bielski Margaret , Kupfer Sonia S. , Bilgic Mustafa , Rzhetsky Andrey , Tay Savaş
Published: November 2022

Organoids have immense potential as ex vivo disease models for drug discovery and personalized drug screening. Dynamic changes in individual organoid morphology, number, and size can indicate important drug responses. However, these metrics are difficult and labor-intensive to obtain for high-throughput image datasets. Here, we present OrganoID, a robust image analysis platform that automatically recognizes, labels, and tracks single organoids, pixel-by-pixel, in brightfield and phase-contrast microscopy experiments. The platform was trained on images of pancreatic cancer organoids and validated on separate images of pancreatic, lung, colon, and adenoid cystic carcinoma organoids, which showed excellent agreement with manual measurements of organoid count (95%) and size (97%) without any parameter adjustments. Single-organoid tracking accuracy remained above 89% over a four-day time-lapse microscopy study. Automated single-organoid morphology analysis of a chemotherapy dose-response experiment identified strong dose effect sizes on organoid circularity, solidity, and eccentricity. OrganoID enables straightforward, detailed, and accurate image analysis to accelerate the use of organoids in high-throughput, data-intensive biomedical applications.
AvP: A software package for automatic phylogenetic detection of candidate horizontal gene transfers
Authors: Koutsovoulos Georgios D. , Granjeon Noriot Solène , Bailly-Bechet Marc , Danchin Etienne G. J. , Rancurel Corinne
Published: November 2022

Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) is the transfer of genes between species outside the transmission from parent to offspring. Due to their impact on the genome and biology of various species, HGTs have gained broader attention, but high-throughput methods to robustly identify them are lacking. One rapid method to identify HGT candidates is to calculate the difference in similarity between the most similar gene in closely related species and the most similar gene in distantly related species. Although metrics on similarity associated with taxonomic information can rapidly detect putative HGTs, these methods are hampered by false positives that are difficult to track. Furthermore, they do not inform on the evolutionary trajectory and events such as duplications. Hence, phylogenetic analysis is necessary to confirm HGT candidates and provide a more comprehensive view of their origin and evolutionary history. However, phylogenetic reconstruction requires several time-consuming manual steps to retrieve the homologous sequences, produce a multiple alignment, construct the phylogeny and analyze the topology to assess whether it supports the HGT hypothesis. Here, we presentAvPwhich automatically performs all these steps and detects candidate HGTs within a phylogenetic framework.