bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Afghan youth in Toronto: barriers to social inclusion
Authors: Wali Masi
Published: June 2021

To identify the barriers to social inclusion that Afghan youth encounter in Toronto, semi-structured interviews were conducted with six Afghan youth—three male and three female participants. The data revealed that participants shared (1) experiences of cultural and religious limitations, (2) language barriers, (3) being subjected to discriminatory attitudes, and (4) family responsibilities. Based on theories of Social Exclusion, Social Inclusion, and Social Identity, it was concluded that Afghan youth currently live as marginalized members of Canadian society where their participations in prominent fields such as education, employment, and recreation are limited.
Using bioleaching to remove metals from sewage sludge intended for land application
Authors: Nie Jun
Published: June 2021

Removal of heavy metal contaminants from sewage sludge is a necessity before it is used as an agricultural fertilizer (biosolid), due to environmental concerns and municipal, provincial and federal regulations. The bioleaching method is recommended as an economical and effective process for the removal of heavy metals from the Ashbridges Bay Treatment Plant (ABTP) sludge, some of them with concentrations exceeding the recommended level by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs guidelines. The Gram-negative thiobacilli is a group of organisms with physiological and morphological similarity and grows by oxidizing ferrous ion and reduced sulphur compounds. One species of thiobacillus, T. ferrooxidan , was recommended as an effective bacterium for the heavy metal removal from sewage sludge. This research involved the incubation of adapted sludge using fresh raw digested sludge and activated sludge of ABTP. Using adapted sludge for the bioleaching process, the method was tested in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) in combination with a series of jar tests. Results showed that the metal removal efficiency increases with decreasing pH, and the solids content does not affect the removal efficiency of cupper and zinc very much during short term jar test. The results from the long-term (20-day) CSTR test demonstrated that the high T ferrooxians-contained adapted sludge could remove copper from the sewage sludge of ABTP very effectively, by as much as 79.2%. In comparison, the simultaneous removal efficiency of zinc and cadmium were also studied for the same process and, they are 82.0% and 83.9% respectively. The TSS degradation constant rate during the 20 days' bioleaching was found to be 0.0522 day -1. It is concluded that Ontario should continue to apply sludge to agricultural land, as sludge is an economic alternative, promotes recycling of resources, and is a valuable fertilizer. However, the toxic metals in sludge should be removed from sewage sludge using the bioleaching process to recommended level before it is disposed as a fertilizer for land application.
Spam detection system: a new approach based on interval type-2 fuzzy sets
Authors: Ariaeinejad Reza
Published: June 2021

Today, most Internet users use email to communicate electronically. They depend on the Internet to deliver their important emails safely and to the right recipients. However, the fast growth of Internet users and their use of email together with the exponential increase of unsolicited users sending spam have made the email system less reliable. An email can falsely be markedly a spam filter on its way to the recipient  or even get buried among junk mailing the recipient’s inbox. There are several intelligent anti-spam filters which use different artificial intelligence methods to detect spam including neural networks and fuzzy logic systems. This paper presents an interval based type-2 fuzzy spam detection system. Our results show that interval type-2 fuzzy set is an effective technique for spam detection and email classification. The proposed system enables the user to have more control over the various categories of spam and allows for filter personalization.
Dynamic response of concrete rectangular liquid storage tanks
Authors: Chen Jun Zheng
Published: June 2021

In this thesis, the dynamic response of concrete rectangular liquid storage tanks is investigated. In previous studies, the tank wall has been assumed as rigid in the calculation of hydrodynamic pressures. The effect of flexibility of tank wall is considered in this study. The analytical solutions for both impulsive pressure and convective pressure induced by both horizontal and vertical ground motions are presented.

A 2-D coupled analysis model of tank wall is proposed. The hydrodynamic pressures are considered as external forces applied on the tank wall. Through a technique called the sequential method, the two fields of fluid and structure are coupled. The time-history analysis using the mode superposition method and the direct step-by-step integration method are carried out. Two rectangular tanks are analyzed. From the comparison of the results obtained from the proposed model with those proposed by other researchers, such as added mass model based on the rigid wall boundary condition, it shows that the lumped mass approach overestimates the base shear and wall displacement. The effect of wall flexibility on displacements, base shears and base moments are also discussed.

A combination of the added mass method and the sequential method is used to study liquid storage tanks subjected to the vertical ground motion. It is found that the effect of the vertical acceleration should be considered in dynamic analysis of rectangular tanks. It is concluded that the total response of the structures should be based on the sum of the response under both horizontal and vertical components of ground motion.
Canada's Employment Equity Acts and the communications industry: effective social regulation in a neo-liberal era.
Authors: Wubbenhorst Audrey
Published: June 2021

"Canada's Royal Commission on Equality and Employment drafted in the early 1980s and the two versions of the Employment Equity Act it later inspired can be understood within this shift towards social regulation as defined by Nementz et. al. To appreciate how Canadian corporations are now mandated to achieve progress towards employment equity, it is critical to its history, its incarnations and its impact on corporate Canada. Curiously, while there was a sizeable amount of quantitative and qualitative research endorsing legislated employment equity written prior to the initial Act, there is only a handful of academic research evaluating its success. Academic space devoted to employment equity has existed mainly as a sidebar in a more extensive analysis of other policies such as the key works of Judy Fudge, Anver Saloojee, Patricia McDermott and Annis May Timpson which appraise employment equity, but as a benchmark against which to compare to other policies such as child care and pay equity. Through a literature review of the primary and secondary documents, which respectively shaped and critiqued the Act's two manifestations as well as case studies of communications companies, I will show that this legislation - an example of social regulation in a neo-liberal era - was particularly effective once an audit component was added."--Page 3.
Salt Scaling of Pervious Concrete: Optimizing a Test Method and The Effects of Different Deicers
Authors: Tsang Chehong
Published: June 2021

There is currently no standard test method for evaluating the resistance of pervious concrete to salt scaling. In this study, a number of test methods were evaluated to determine an effective test method. A number of parameters were varied, including sample geometry, cycle length, level of submersion, and the effects of various deicers. The optimum cycle length was found to be 24 hours with the submersion of the bottom 10 mm of the pervious concrete samples made with 14 mm aggregate. Cylinder samples with a diameter of 100 mm and height of 150 mm are recommended as they provide consistent results. Using these samples, a mass loss failure criterion of 3 to 5% is proposed. The deicers that caused the most damage are NaCl, CaCl2, and urea, followed by MgCl2, K acetate, Na acetate, and CMA. More testing is needed to validate the effects of different deicers.
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The success prospect of a Canadian foreign language international radio service
Authors: Ghani Wasim
Published: June 2021

Canada's international image needs to be recast and enhanced. There are indications that her image does not reflect her achievements in science, technology and industry. Outdated and inaccurate perceptions of Canada in the world can have negative implications for her economic well-being as well as her ability to effectively participate in world affairs and international development.

The thesis considers whether Radio Canada International (RCI) can help in producing an appropriate image of Canada and serve her national and international objectives. It scrutinizes the organization, present state and past performance of RCI as well as contextualizing the broadcaster within certain social and political trends in the country.

The thesis concludes that RCI can help Canada in realizing her potential as a valuable player on the world stage and suggests that it should be assigned additional broadcasting responsibilities to this end.
Geometric design of single-lane roundabouts for optimum consistency and operation
Authors: Mehmood Atif
Published: June 2021

The objectives while designing roundabout is design consistency and operational performance. Design consistency affects roundabout safety while operational performance affects its level of service. Along with design consistency, roundabout will be more safe if its geometry forces traffic to enter and circulate at less than specified design speed. Vehicle path radii control speeds at each vehicle path. Vehicle path radii are traditionally obtained from drawing freehand each vehicle paths on proposed roundabout geometry. Existing design approaches for roundabouts use a trial-and-error procedure to choose the design parameters in order to satisfy design standards. With this approach it is quite complicated to satisfy design guidelines and site conditions at the same time. A minor change in geometry can result in significant changes in safety and operational performance. Therefore, many iterations of geometric layout would be required to evaluate safety and operational analysis at given traffic conditions. Designer needs to revise and refine the initial geometric layout to enhance safety and its operational performance. In this thesis, an optimization model is developed that predicts optimum design parameters with multiple objectives: maximum design consistency and minimum average intersection delay. At optimum design parameters, this model also provides vehicle path radii for each path. These vehicle path radii were used to predict operating speed along each path using an existing operating speed prediction model. The optimization model takes site conditions as input and satisfies the two objectives for given traffic and geometric conditions. This is a new approach of optimum design of single-lane roundabouts with four legs intersecting at right angle. The model not only satisfies the two objectives, but also limits the operating speed along each path (left, through, and right), below the specified design speed of roundabout.
Finite Element Modeling of Steel Plates Under Monotonic Loading
Authors: Shamsaldin Bilal Nasir
Published: June 2021

Steel plate fuses can be used as energy dissipating devices in earthquake-resistant structures. After an earthquake, the structure remains essentially elastic and only the deformed fuse require replacement. This report simulates the monotonic response of steel plate specimens. The effects of different inputs such as imperfection, shape and size of the fuse openings, and different meshing types on yield strength, deformation, stress distribution, and displacement are studied by using ANSYS Mechanical APDL. The study found that increasing imperfection increases displacement and decreases yield strength. It was also concluded that as the hole size in the steel plate is increased, the fuse yield strength is slightly increased to a point then is decreased. Double diamond shape showed better response in terms of displacement and stress distribution, this is because of the link shape formed by the two holes. Finer quadrilateral meshing method provide precise simulation results over longer time.
Negotiating the other: museum exhibition and the construction of heritage in marginalized groups
Authors: Ashley Susan L.T.
Published: June 2021

How heritage messages are conceived and presented at museums, and how people make sense of and debate these messages is an overarching concern of this paper. For the purposes of this report, heritage is defined as the cultural legacy, including tangible and intangible histories and practices, that is handed down from the past within a community, and which is an essential element of an individual's and a community's sense of identity. Museums operate as sites where people experience and learn about their heritage. But a central concern is how these public institutions encompass marginalized groups within this construction of heritage, identity and community. The focal point of those interactions between museums and people is their exhibitions. This essential communicative tool of museums, this media of production and consumption of meaning, is the point of interest for this paper. As the place where the interests of both sides of the communicative exchange converge, exhibitions reveal the tensions within the system, and the process by which changing ideas about heritage and community are negotiated. Exhibits can be seen as texts anchored in the contexts and processes of their production and reception. Or they can be seen as the dialogic space in which a political relationship unfolds. This paper offers insights into how the political nature of communicative practices underlying the production and consumption of museum exhibitions affects the heritage of marginalized groups. How exhibitions come into being - their modes of production - how they communicate as texts and how they are used or read is illuminated, using as a case study a particular museum exhibit about African-Canadians entitled The Underground Railroad: Next Stop Freedom. Developed by the Department of Canadian Heritage to be displayed in Toronto, the exhibit was installed at the Royal Ontario Museum in 2002 and is currently on view at Black Creek Pioneer Village. The research encompasses the circuit of communication as it relates to the conditions surrounding the conceptualizing and negotiation of this exhibition: what is presented, why it is presented, how it is presented, to whom, and how it is received.
Between Life and the Underground: A Study of Photography Found in Rolling Stone Magazine from 1967 to 1972
Authors: Lobo Rachel
Published: June 2021

In order to consider what the photography used within Rolling Stone magazine contributes to the history of photojournalism, Between Life and the Underground analyzes the aesthetic of the photography and conceptual layouts produced within the magazine. This study looks specifically at the period of 1967 to 1972, a time when mainstream publications like Life magazine ceased production and when over 500 underground publications were piloted. A comparative analysis of the design, economics, and production of both Rolling Stone and the underground publication the Berkeley Barb traces the influence that the underground had on the aesthetic of Rolling Stone’s photography and layout. The role that cover photography played in perpetuating the identity that Rolling Stone wanted to embody is also investigated. The influence that New Journalism had on the production of photojournalism at Life and Rolling Stone is also considered—framed around a comparison of the photographic coverage of the Woodstock Festival of 1969 and the police riots at the Democratic National Convention of 1968. This study concludes that the underground press cultivated a new photographic aesthetic and conceptual technique for laying out photographs which adhered to the ideals of the 1960s—namely informality, which Rolling Stone then adapted to create a profitable magazine.
OFDM Systems: Symbol Error Rate Evaluation, Filter Bank Design and Joint Maximum Likelihood Detection
Authors: Wang Yuhong
Published: June 2021

A closed-form symbol error rate (SER) formula for a generic OFDM system with M-ary phas shift keying (MPSK) modulation, and optimal phase detector for each subchannel, is derived. by employing the derived SER formula as the objective function, a novel OFDM system based on designed complex-valued unitary filter banks is presented to minimize the SER. A detection algorithm is presented for a generic OFDM system to jointly detect subchannel symbols received in one time frame. Monte-Carlo numerical simulations are performed to verify the theoretical SER analysis and compare the error performance of the proposed OFDM system with DFT-based OFDM and DWMT systems, and the new joint detection algorithm with the cinventional subchannel detection algorithm. The above efforts provide systematic approaches for the OFDM error performance analysis and the OFDM system design.
Still birth : soundwalking Garrison Creek.
Authors: Raymond Ginger
Published: June 2021

"My project is about nature in the body and in the individuated imaginary, nature in the soundscape, sound in nature and the nature of sound. When contrasted to culture, I use Astuti's definition of nature as that aspect over which humans have no control (1998, 2001). My audio-piece is about how we locate ourselves through activation -- an activation very literal in soundwalking, which is mobile and receptive, and the creation of an accompanying soundscape which is a statement of personal engagement and, I hope, a communication event."--Page 2.
Design optimization of two-span continuous composite box girder bridges
Authors: Ozten Alp
Published: June 2021

Composite steel box girder bridges have become an effective alternative to conventional plate girders and concrete girder bridges in North America in the past 25 years. A number of ongoing innovations in Canada and elsewhere have the potential of further enhancing the design, durability, constructability, and, by extension, the economics of steel box-girder bridges. The thesis examines number of boxes actually needed, with the aim of reducing the number used at present while meeting all design criteria.
A Deviatoric Softening Model to Simulate Compressibility Properties of Soft Clays
Authors: Shi Cong
Published: June 2021

Soft clays are often associated with high compressibility due to their high void ratio, low shear strength, and creep behavior. Structures built on top of it can experience excessive settlement issues over a long period of time. The prediction of these settlements has attracted attentions from many researchers for over a century, but accurately predicting them still remains a difficult issue due to complex properties of soft clays, including plasticity, viscosity, anisotropy, soil structure and so forth. Therefore, studying the compressibility of soft clay is of significant importance. This dissertation aims to investigate the influence of plastic deviatoric strains on the compressibility of soft clays.

First of all, the dissertation reviews a number of published incremental anisotropic consolidation tests on Finnish clays. The results demonstrate the dependence of soil compressibility on stress ratios. Based on the result, a modified yield surface size deviatoric softening law has been introduced. This softening law describes yield surface softening to be related to plastic deviatoric strain increments. Secondly, a new model named MEVP-DS, has been incorporated into the framework of Yin’s elaso-viscoplastic model to consider deviatoric softening, destructuration, and yield surface anisotropy of soft clay.

Furthermore, the verification of MEVP-DS has been done through three phases. Phase one is the simulation of published incremental anisotropic consolidation tests on intact Finnish clay samples. The model results demonstrate MEVP-DS successfully captures the soil compressibility in response to different stress ratios. Phase two is the application of MEVP-DS in modeling 1-D consolidation tests on sensitive Champlain Sea clay. Model results highlight that using MEVP-DS is beneficial for predicting the compressibility and excess pore pressure response of the clay subject to constant rate of strain loading. Phase three is the application of MEVP-DS in simulating a real embankment dam on Champlain Sea clay. MEVP-DS not only simulates 40-year settlement measurements of the dam reasonably well, but also improves the prediction of lateral spreading of the dam.

In summary, the MEVP-DS model proposed in this dissertation has shown to improve the simulation of soil compressibility of soft clays subject to 1-D, anisotropic and more complicated loading conditions.
Mapping the Canadian landscape : the performing arts and experiential perspectives
Authors: Johns Christine Alison
Published: June 2021

Focusing on a specific time period in Canadian performing art history--from the 1970s through to the late 1990s--this thesis "maps out" three artists' experiences in the landscape and the way these experiences are represented to an audience through performance. Using specific examples from the repertoire of Davida Monk, Paul Thompson, and R. Murray Schafer, I make a case for considering these performing artists as landscape researchers. I suggest that their performances explicitly and implicitly explore foundational questions about the meanings, uses, and affective power of landscape in ways that are analogous to the writings of cultural geographers during the same period. Like Yi-Fu Tuan, John Jakle, Denis Cosgrove and Jay Appleton, these performing artists examine the experience of humans in the landscape and focus on issues of place and space, homeland, and the meaning of landscape. Monk, Thompson and Schafer extend the perspectives of the geographers and bridge important gaps in their ways of knowing landscape.
Bond of reinforcement in concrete with different types of corroded bars
Authors: Aal Hassan Assem Adel Abdel
Published: June 2021

Repair and rehabilitation of existing structures is becoming a major part of the present construction activities. Corrosion of reinforcement is a major contributing factor to the deterioration of reinforced concrete steel structure. Corrosion of reinforcing steel severely influences the bond at the steel-concrete interface.

The aim of this research is to study the effect of corrosion on bond strength using pullout specimens and four different types of concrete having three different types of steel embedded. The study is conducted for four levels of corrosion ranging from uncorroded to severely corroded specimens. The four concrete types used were fly ash concrete mixture, silica fume concrete mixture, normal Portland Cement (NPC) concrete mixture with a water/cement ratio (w/c) of 0.32 and a 0.52 w/c ratio concrete mixture. Each type of these concretes has three different types of steel embedded in them: regular carbon, stainless, and epoxy coated steel bars. The relationship between the bond strength, weight loss and the rib profile loss is studied. The results showed preference for using regular carbon steel bars than stainless steel bars, stainless steel bars exhibited badly damaged shape with lots of voids compared to the regular carbon steel bars. Also, the bond strength for corroded and un-corroded stainless steel bars was lower than that of the regular carbon steel bars. Low levels of corrosion (about 0.5 to 1% of mass loss) were noted to improve the bond strength slightly when using either regular carbon steel bars or stainless steel bars embedded in any type of the concrete mixtures. However, bond strength decreases rapidly with an increase in the corrosion level for both regular carbon and stainless steel bars in any type of the concrete mixtures used. The use of supplementary cementing materials (SCM) such as fly ash and silica fume was very effective in delaying the corrosion process compared to that of NPC concrete with no SCM. Also, the bond performance of any steel bars embedded in NPC concrete with low w/c (0.32) was found to be superior to that of a concrete mexture with high w/c (0.52). However, the bond strength for F.A and S.F concrete was slightly lower than that for the NPC concrete with 0.32 w/c ratio.
Comparison between satellite image analysis and site data for monitoring Trail Road landfill site
Authors: Mirtorabi Ramona
Published: June 2021

Human life affects the environment in different ways; therefore monitoring human's actions is very important to safeguarding the environment. Studying the human impact on nature is essential to protecting our environment from contaminations. Landfill sites are one of the most influential structures upon nature. Landfills pose a potential danger to the surrounding environment. Therefore they must be supervised for long periods of time to determine their impact. Monitoring the effects of the landfill sites on the surrounding area over a period of time is a useful tool to analyze and understand its effect on the environment. This research work presents a study which uses data analyzed from satellite images for the monitoring of landfill sites. The data collected from satellite images is compared with the data collected from ground measurements. The main goal of this research is to verify the usefulness of remote sensing as a tool for landfill site monitoring.

The ground measurement data used in this study is from yearly reports of a monitoring program by the City of Ottawa that are collect by Dillon Limited. The satellite images used are Landsat satellite images downloaded from the U.S. Geological Survey and Earth Resources, and analyzed by ERDAS IMAGINE and ArcMap software. The images are taken from four years: May 1992, August 1998, October 2000, and September 2001. The images are analyzed in terms of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Land Surface Temperature (LST).

Results from the LST and NDVI value of different years are compared with the results of monitoring program [sic] that has been conducted for the City of Ottawa. Preliminary data analysis of the satellite images reveals that the surface temperature of the landfill site is always higher than the immediate surrounding areas. Any significant changes in LST and NDVI value, especially in the surrounding vegetation areas, are regarded as suspect sites which may be influenced by the development of the landfill site.

The result of the comparison between testing and sampling at monitoring wells with satellite image analysis confirms the areas that are more contaminated. The polluted areas show the same locations from both analyses. However, changes at LST and NDVI value analysis could imply the pollution movement earlier than the traditional site sampling monitoring method. These results show the possibility of combining the ground sampling system and satellite images analysis to improve landfill site monitoring.
Consumption and culture in Toronto's urban soundscapes
Authors: MacDonald Susan
Published: June 2021

The multifaceted acoustic environments found in Toronto's urban centres are often unseen as part of the city's cultural landscape. Toronto's ambience is a direct product of the cultural fertility created in downtown communities however, certain consumptive practices are encroaching on a vulnerable soundscape. Technology is changing the cityscape, not only visually but acoustically as well. As a result, consumer culture is adapting. In the past, consumption revolved around the visual realm. Now a change is occurring, consumerism is evolving, and soundscapes are facilitating a new era of consumer culture. It is essential that we realise this shift and that we do not remain passive observers in what is considered to be an evolution from a literary to aural society.
An Investigation into Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry students’ Satisfaction of Online Learning
Authors: Hạnh Ngô Thị Ngọc
Published: June 2021

This paper aims to analyse the level of Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry (HUFI) satisfaction with the online learning approach and learning experiences during the COVID-19 widespread in Viet Nam. Qualitative research was carried out using online interviews of students from different subjects. The following four research questions were addressed: (1) Have you ever experienced studying online? (2) Do you like studying online? (3) What factors cause the obstacles of studying online? And (4) What do you expect from your online teachers? The results showed that the majority of students were dissatisfied with the current methodology. They suffered from a poor Internet connection, surroundings, a loss of self-awareness, lack of interaction and feedback, and philosophical lectures. Furthermore, they expected exciting e-learning lesson plans and their teachers’ sense of humour. More analysis is required to incorporate career development workshops and practical training courses into online learning and teaching, according to this report, to support creative teaching methods and effective ways for students in a new platform.
A Contrastive Study of Teaching and Learning strategies of the Adverb of Range “都” and “đều” in Chinese and Vietnamese
Authors: Binh Hong Nguyet
Published: June 2021

Adverbs play a vital role in both Chinese and Vietnamese. All adverbs belong to expletive words. That means they do not have any real meanings. They only express their value through grammatical aspects. This study analyses and contrasts the adverb “đều” in Chinese and Vietnamese based on the syntactic, semantic, pragmatic context. Reviewing and contrasting methods is used to carry out this study. Thus, the similarities and differences when using the adverb of range “都” and “đều” between the two languages will be pointed out. Some recommendations are given not only for students but also for teachers. The study is expected to be useful to help teachers in their teaching process and students in their learning one.
Személyes jelenlét nélküli felsőoktatás a vizsgaszervezés aspektusából a közoktatási vezetőképzésben
Authors: Vereckei Judit
Published: June 2021

A tanulmány azt mutatja be, hogyan valósult meg a felsőoktatásban az áttérés a koronavírus járvány miatt a nem jelenléti oktatásra 2020 márciusában, elsősorban szemesztert és tanulmányokat záró vizsgák megszervezése szempontjából egy konkrét példán keresztül.  Az Budapesti Műszaki Egyetem Műszaki Pedagógia Tanszékének szakirányú továbbképzésén a járványhelyzetre tekintettel a távolléti oktatást követően a hallgatók szigorlataira és záróvizsgáira is távolléti rendszerben került sor. A jelen tanulmányban a Microsoft Teams platform felhasználásával lebonyolított szóbeli vizsgák hátterét, körülményeit, szervezési sajátosságait mutatom be, majd levonom a tanulságokat különös tekintettel arra, hogy a későbbiekben érdemes-e változtatni a vizsgáztatás rendjén. A tanulmány nemzetközi kitekintést is tartalmaz, többek között arra, hogy Ausztria egyik felsőoktatási intézményében, a Fachhochschule St. Pölten intézményben szintén a Teams használatával, hogyan szabályozták és bonyolították le a szóbeli vizsgáztatást. A tanulmány azzal a megállapítással zárul, hogy a távolléti oktatás és vizsgáztatás új helyzet elé állította a felsőoktatást, melynek nemcsak negatív hatásai voltak, hanem a résztvevők számos új tapasztalattal és módszertani tanulsággal gazdagodtak, melyeket javasolt a vírushelyzet elmúltával is alkalmazni. The study shows how the transition to non-attendance education in higher education was made in March 2020 due to the coronavirus epidemic, primarily through a concrete example of the organisation of exams for semesters and studies. Because of the epidemic situation, the technical pedagogy department of the Technical University of Budapest also took place in an absence system. In this study, I will present the background, circumstances, and organisational characteristics of the Microsoft Teams platform's oral examinations. In particular, I will learn the lessons on whether it is worth changing the course of the review in the future. The study also includes an international outlook on how oral examinations were regulated and conducted using Teams at Fachhochschule St. Pölten, a higher education institution in Austria. The study concludes with the finding that absent education and investigations have brought a new situation to higher education, which has had adverse effects and has been enriched with several new experiences and methodological lessons. It is recommended to apply after the viral situation has passed.
A népesség munkaeőpiaci aktivitásának jellemzői
Authors: Zachár László
Published: June 2021

A tanulmány a szak- és felnőttképzésben dolgozó szakemberek számára – elsősorban az oktatás és szakképzés társadalmi hasznossága/hasznosulása iránt érdeklődőknek – kívánja bemutatni a problémakör egyik vetületét: az iskolai/szakmai végzettség és a munkaerőpiaci eredményesség összefüggéseit. A vizsgálat célcsoportja a 15–64 éves, munkavállalási korú népesség, tekintettel arra, hogy a teljes foglalkoztatás társadalmi célja közvetlenül erre a korosztályra tűzhető ki. A vizsgálat időszaka a 2001 és 2019 közötti évek, melynek praktikus oka az, hogy a nyilvánosan hozzáférhető KSH adatbázis erre az időszakra tartalmazott a munkavállalási korú népességre vonatkozó adatokat. A vizsgálat áttekinti, illetve elemzi az emberi erőforrás társadalmi-gazdasági szerepével kapcsolatos elméleteket;a népesség iskolai végzettség szerinti alakulását iskolafokonként (alap-, közép- és felsőfok) – és a legmagasabb iskolai végzettség szerint     (befejezett és befejezetlen általános iskola, középfokú szakképzettség érettségi nélkül, érettségi szakmai képzettséggel vagy anélkül, főiskola v. alapszak, egyetem v. mesterszak);a végzett tanulói létszámok alakulását iskolafokok szerint;a népesség iskolai végzettség szerinti, főbb munkaerőpiaci jellemzőinek alakulását               (a gazdasági aktivitásnak, a foglalkoztatásnak, a munkanélküliségnek a száma és aránya). A vizsgálat eredményei alapján a közlemény következtetéseket, valamint javaslatokat fogalmaz meg. The goal of our research to show the development of the schooling and the professional qualifications in the last twenty years (2001-2019), and their effect the position change of population at the labour market.We chose the working-age population (15-64 years) as the social goal of full employment can be achieved for the working-age population.In the frame of the research first, we have made a short overview about labour market theories and about viewpoints.After that we analyzed the development of the number and proportion of population groups by different school types and school levels. In the second part of research we have examine the labour market activity of the different schooling groups, namely economically activity, the employment and the unemployment by number and by rate. In the all analyse we have show the datas of processes and start- and end-points.On the basis of the research results we had draw conclusions and proposals.Between conclusions are trend-type, too, which are valid for a long-time distance. In the present summary we show shortly the theoretical background, the causes and goals of the research, the change of work-age population by the schooling qualifications, and the change of labour market activity in economically activity and employment  by numbers and rates. From the results we stress the economic activity proportions by the different schooling qualifications groups as their values are permanent and are characteristic to the group.
Beszámoló a Magyar Pedagógiai Társaság Szakképzési Kollégiuma által szervezett ”Beszélgetések a szakképzésről” online rendezvénysorozat első két programjáról
Authors: Schindler Rózsa
Published: June 2021

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THE CHALLENGES OF THE TECHNOLOGY 4.0 AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY WITHIN TOTAL WAR STRATEGY STRUCTURE
Authors: Arief Ruslan , Risman Helda , Sutanto Rudy
Published: June 2021

The development of information technology has a significant impact on various important aspects of life. Apart from positive impacts, there are also negative impacts that are important to know and anticipate to prevent major damage and losses. On a broad scale, namely at the national level, the development of information technology can also affect the development of national defense as it is known that the nature of Indonesia's defense is total defense, which is prepared to face the total war. Based on the explanation above, the purpose of this study is to examine the impact of the development of information technology on the implementation of Indonesia's total war strategy. The approach used is qualitative phenomenology with research data in the form of secondary data collected using literature studies. The data is then analyzed using qualitative analysis techniques. The results of the study indicate that the development of information technology has both positive and negative impacts. These impacts encourage the need for changes and adjustments to the total war strategy implemented by Indonesia. This is important to do so that Indonesia can have a stronger defense in preparation for a total war that may occur in the future.
THE EFFECT OF BATTALION COMMANDER’S LEADERSHIP STYLE ON READINESS TO CHANGE AMONG SOLDIERS OF INFANTRY BATTALION X IN INDONESIA
Authors: Rindipati Emir Harirachman , Hinduan Zahrotur Rusyda
Published: June 2021

The Indonesian Army (TNI AD) is improving its main capabilities to meet the demand of the changing form of armed conflict. As for human capabilities, leadership is still counted as the main capabilities. To develop its capabilities as an organization, TNI AD must focus on its soldiers' readiness to change. Based on the previous research findings and the need to change in TNI AD, research must be conducted to demonstrate the effect of leadership style on TNI AD soldiers' readiness to change This study aims to determine the effect of battalion commander’s leadership style on soldiers’ readiness to change in Xth Infantry Battalion. Data collection using questionnaires has been completed for both variables, the commander's leadership style and soldiers’ readiness to change. The analytical tool used in this study is simple linear regression analysis, correlation test, and t-test using SPSS for windows 23.0. The result showed that the transformational leadership of the Xth Infantry Battalion Commander has positive effects on readiness to change of soldiers from Xth Infantry Battalion. The coefficient determinant demonstrated from this study is 50,2%, meaning that the Xth battalion commander's transformational leadership effect on soldiers' readiness to change is 50,2%. This study is preliminary and has its limitations. However, this study can be developed in many ways for the benefit of the Indonesian Army to change to meet the ever-changing dynamics of armed conflict.
THE ROLE OF RESERVE COMPONENT IN SUPPORTING TOTAL PEOPLE’S DEFENSE AND SECURITY SYSTEM (SISHANKAMRATA) TO CONFRONT THE THREAT OF THE SIXTH GENERATION WARFARE
Authors: Ryacudu Ryamizard , Putra I Nengah , Purwantoro Susilo Adi
Published: June 2021

The exponential growth of information and communication technology in this globalization era brings enormous changes to the new world order. This also shifts the warfare paradigm to a new generation. The traditional conventional threats (physically) have developed into multidimensional (physical and non-physical) ones. The Total People’s Defense and Security System (SISHANKAMRATA) adopted by the Indonesian is considered to be one of the most appropriate defense systems in confronting the threat of every war generation. The components of SISHANKAMRATA consist of the Indonesian National Military (TNI) as the main component and the National resources coming as the reserve and support component. Government Regulation Number 3 of 2021 concerning National Resource Management as a juridical basis regulating the components in the SISHANKAMRATA has just been passed. This study aims to explore the role of the reserve component as a national resource contributing to confronting the threat of the new generation of war; the sixth generation warfare. The method used in this study was a narrative analysis by developing literature studies, and previous researches. The results of this study confirm that the role of the reserve components is very important in SISHANKAMRATA facing the threat of modern warfare, including the sixth generation warfare.
On the Closed Forms of Z(pq), q = kp ± 10
Authors: Majumdar AAK , Das LC
Published: June 2021

This paper derives the closed form expressions of Z(pq), where p and q ( > p) are primes, and q is of the forms q = kp ± 10 for some (positive) integer k, and Z(.) is the pseudo Smarandache function.

The Chittagong Univ. J. Sci. 40(1) : 96-105, 2019
A New Solution of Intermediate Cosmological Inflation with the Effect of Scalar Field
Authors: Aktar Shomi , Chowdhury Anjan Kumar
Published: June 2021

According to the inflationary model, the universe had a brief period of extraordinarily rapid expansion or inflation during which its diameter increased by a factor at least 1025 times larger than previously thought. In this work an analysis is given on inflationary universe, which expands at a rate intermediate between that of power-law and exponential inflation. We have examined the model of Barrow which is solved exactly and leaded to power law inflation. We have tested a new potential by applying the scalar field using the equation of motion and found some new interior solutions.

The Chittagong Univ. J. Sci. 40(1) : 112-121, 2019
Patterns and Differentials of Onset of Menstruation among School Girls in Chittagong Metropolitan Area of Bangladesh
Authors: Karim Md Abdul , Akter Jesmin
Published: June 2021

Onset of menstruation is the biological and physical indicator, which is one of the important components of female reproductive characteristics. Considering its importance in the context of reproductive health and fertility, the aim of this study is to determine the mean age at menarche and also to investigate the patterns and differentials of such an important vital event of the randomly selected girls aged 9-15 years from the schools of Chittagong metropolitan area. The results of this study show that the overall mean menarcheal age of the selected girls is only 11.75±0.97 years with significant variations by their background characteristics. The co-efficient of variation (8.3%) indicates that there exists extreme heterogeneity in menarcheal age of the respondents. Co-efficient of skewness (β1=0.15) and excess of kurtosis (γ2=0.35) reflect that the shape characteristics of age at menarche is positively skewed and leptokurtic. The mean age at menarche is computed as relatively low (11.37 years) among the respondents residing in the metropolitan areas. The mean age at menarche is found the highest (12.01 years) among the underweight and the lowest among overweight (11.43 years) girls. The results from the life table technique show that unexpectedly 1.2% girls likely to attain menarche only within age of 9.67 years. The value of spread (s=16 months) shows extreme heterogeneity in menarcheal age. The values of trimean of onset of menstruation for underweight, normal and overweight girls are found 11.83, 11.58 and 11.41 years respectively.

The Chittagong Univ. J. Sci. 40(1) : 178-199, 2019
Critical Pedagogy and Equity Promotion in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Classroom
Authors: Sigdel Surya , Sharma Mani Ram
Published: June 2021

This paper explores English language teachers’ perception of critical pedagogy and equity promotion in lingo-cultural diverse classroom. The study concerns how the teachers find multicultural students’ problems and address them in the classroom. The study further investigates how teachers use dimensions of equity (multicultural education, social justice education and culturally responsive pedagogy) to promote social harmony, critical awareness and independent learning. In the study, I have used narrative inquiry as a research method, selected six participants purposively from public schools of Kathmandu and collected information from in-depth semi-structured interviews. I have employed multiple layers of thematic analysis, interpreted narrative data and developed six different themes: facility and access, classroom management, language and behavior, classroom activities, feedback and reinforcement and evaluation procedures. On the basis of this study, what I found that school environment, classroom activities, evaluation procedures and feedback and reinforcement are the major factors for the influence of their students’ participation. The school management has major role to facilitate and encourage teachers for the promotion of students centered methods such as project based learning and collaborative learning. Along all these aforementioned themes, teachers have prominent role to run active participatory classroom activities through student friendly activities like language games and healthy academic debate. Not only that, teachers are equally responsible to identify at-risk students and address their issues immediately to promote independent learning. Furthermore, to evaluate students’ progress, intra-personal comparative evaluation procedure is found more effective than inter-personal comparative evaluation procedures to encourage them to strive ahead with self-respect. The study expects relevant recommendations in the field of content-based child-friendly teaching learning activities where students participate actively enjoy the activities and learn from self and others.
Indonesian EFL students’ views on their explicit and implicit language aptitude profiles, TOEFL scores and language proficiency.
Authors: Tobroni Kartini , Natchiar Farah , Mazlini Wan
Published: June 2021

This study is designed to find out students’ views on their explicit and implicit language aptitude profiles, TOEFL scores and language proficiency. Based on purposive sampling scheme, the data were collected from sixty-five students in the end of their eighth semester at the English department in faculty of teacher training in UIN Raden Fatah Palembang. The students were asked to respond to the five points Likert scale questionnaire which consists of four parts: Part A elicits the participants’ demographic information, Part B on language experience, Part C on language aptitude, and Part D especially on TOEFL and language proficiency.  The findings revealed that language learning success is attributed to a number of individual factors. The individual factors related to foreign language learning can be divided into affective factors (e.g., motivation, attitude, and personality) and cognitive factors (e.g., intelligence, aptitude). The cognitive factors interact with affective factors for learning a particular language which may explain why a person is better able to learn a language over another language. Thus, a full model of language learning that considers the impact of language aptitude on learning should also investigate the combined mediating role of individual differences such as motivation, anxiety, and learner’s beliefs.
Рекомендації щодо організації і проведення індивідуальної підготовки офіцерів бригади тактичної авіації
Authors: Piekhota Serhii , Kurban Volodymyr
Published: June 2021

Виконання завдань тактичної авіації в антитерористичній операції та операції об’єднаних сил на сході держави вказало на низку недоліків в системі бойової підготовки Збройних Сил України. Одним з головних недоліків існуючої системи бойової підготовки є недосконалість індивідуальної підготовка офіцерів та готовність її забезпечити набуття необхідного рівня індивідуальних спроможностей офіцерського складу виконувати завдання за призначенням.

Спираючись на головні принципи індивідуальної підготовки офіцерів та використовуючи аналіз результатів, що отримані за допомогою використання удосконаленого науково-методичного апарату з оцінювання ефективності бойової підготовки, обґрунтовані рекомендації щодо організації і проведення індивідуальної підготовки офіцерів бригади тактичної авіації.

Запропоновані рекомендації в подальшому дозволить удосконалити індивідуальну підготовку офіцерів бригади тактичної авіації.