bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two New Oleanane-Type Saponins with Anti-Proliferative Activity from Camellia oleifera Abel. Seed Cake
Authors: Zong Jian-Fa , Peng Yun-Ru , Bao Guan-Hu , Hou Ru-Yan , Wan Xiao-Chun
Published: February 2016

Two new oleanane-type saponins, named oleiferasaponins C4 (1) and C5 (2), were isolated from Camellia oleifera Abel. seed cake residue. Their respective structures were identified as 16α-hydroxy-22α-O-angeloyl-23α-aldehyde-28-dihydroxymethylene-olean-12-ene-3β-O-[β-d-galacto-pyranosyl-(1→2)]-[β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)-β-d-galactopyranosy-(1→3)]-β-d-glucopyranosid-uronic acid methyl ester (1) and 16α-hydroxy-22α-O-angeloyl-23α-aldehyde-28-dihydroxy-methylene-olean-12-ene-3β-O-[β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[β-d-galactopyranosyl-(1→3)]-β-d-glucopyranosiduronic acid methyl ester (2) through 1D- and 2D-NMR, HR-ESI-MS, and GC-MS spectroscopic methods. The two compounds exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against five human tumor cell lines (BEL-7402, BGC-823, MCF-7, HL-60 and KB).
Vitamin D Intake and Status in 6-Year-Old Icelandic Children Followed up from Infancy
Authors: Thorisdottir Birna , Gunnarsdottir Ingibjorg , Steingrimsdottir Laufey , Palsson Gestur , Birgisdottir Bryndis , Thorsdottir Inga
Published: February 2016

High serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels have been observed in infants in Nordic countries, likely due to vitamin D supplement use. Internationally, little is known about tracking vitamin D status from infancy to childhood. Following up 1-year-old infants in our national longitudinal cohort, our aims were to study vitamin D intake and status in healthy 6-year-old Icelandic children (n = 139) and to track vitamin D status from one year of age. At six years, the mean 25(OH)D level was 56.5 nmol/L (SD 17.9) and 64% of children were vitamin D sufficient (25(OH)D ≥ 50 nmol/L). A logistic regression model adjusted for gender and breastfeeding showed that higher total vitamin D intake (Odds ratio (OR) = 1.27, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.08–1.49), blood samples collected in summer (OR = 8.88, 95% CI = 1.83–43.23) or autumn (OR = 5.64, 95% CI = 1.16–27.32) compared to winter/spring, and 25(OH)D at age one (OR = 1.02, 95% CI = 1.002–1.04) were independently associated with vitamin D sufficiency at age six. The correlation between 25(OH)D at age one and six was 0.34 (p = 0.003). Our findings suggest that vitamin D status in infancy, current vitamin D intake and season are predictors of vitamin D status in early school age children. Our finding of vitamin D status tracking from infancy to childhood provides motivation for further studies on tracking and its clinical significance.
Exogenous Glutamine in Respiratory Diseases: Myth or Reality?
Authors: Oliveira Gisele , De Abreu Marcelo , Pelosi Paolo , Rocco Patricia
Published: February 2016

Several respiratory diseases feature increased inflammatory response and catabolic activity, which are associated with glutamine depletion; thus, the benefits of exogenous glutamine administration have been evaluated in clinical trials and models of different respiratory diseases. Recent reviews and meta-analyses have focused on the effects and mechanisms of action of glutamine in a general population of critical care patients or in different models of injury. However, little information is available about the role of glutamine in respiratory diseases. The aim of the present review is to discuss the evidence of glutamine depletion in cystic fibrosis (CF), asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and lung cancer, as well as the results of exogenous glutamine administration in experimental and clinical studies. Exogenous glutamine administration might be beneficial in ARDS, asthma, and during lung cancer treatment, thus representing a potential therapeutic tool in these conditions. Further experimental and large randomized clinical trials focusing on the development and progression of respiratory diseases are necessary to elucidate the effects and possible therapeutic role of glutamine in this setting.
High Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency among Pregnant Saudi Women
Authors: Al-Faris Nora
Published: February 2016

Vitamin D deficiency has emerged as a public health problem worldwide due to its important role in health and disease. The present work is intended to examine prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant Saudi women and related risk factors. A cross-sectional study was carried out at King Fahad Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25(OH)D) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 160 pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and maternal characteristics were collected and vitamin D intake was assessed using a 24-h dietary recall. Weight and height were measured using standardized methods. Vitamin D deficiency (25(OH)D < 50 nmol/L) and insufficiency (25(OH)D = 50–74 nmol/L) were reported in 50% and 43.8% of the study sample, respectively. Median serum 25(OH)D concentration was 49.9 nmol/L. Adequate vitamin D intake (≥600 IU/day) was reported among only 8.1% of pregnant women. Age group, educational level, sun exposure frequency and daytime and daily practice of exercise were significantly associated with vitamin D status. Overall, vitamin D deficiency was common among pregnant Saudi women in Riyadh. Steps should be taken to address the current situation, including increased sunlight exposure, consumption of fatty fish, and vitamin D supplements.
Biomimickry of UPEC Cytoinvasion: A Novel Concept for Improved Drug Delivery in UTI
Authors: Pichl Clara , Dunkl Bernhard , Brauner Bernhard , Gabor Franz , Wirth Michael , Neutsch Lukas
Published: February 2016

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections. In an increasing number of cases, pathogen (multi-)resistance hampers durable treatment success via the standard therapies. On the functional level, the activity of urinary excreted antibiotics is compromized by the efficient tissue colonization mechanism of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Advanced drug delivery systems aim at exploiting a glycan-mediated targeting mechanism, similar to the UPEC invasion pathway, to increase bioavailability. This may be realized by conjugation of intravesically applied drugs or drug carriers to chosen plant lectins. Higher local drug concentrations in or nearby bacterial reservoirs may be gained, with higher chances for complete eradication. In this study, preliminary parameters to clarify the potential of this biorecognitive approach were evaluated. Glycan-triggered interaction cascades and uptake processes of several plant lectins with distinct carbohydrate specificities were characterized, and wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) could be identified as the most promising targeter for crossing the urothelial membrane barrier. In partially differentiated primary cells, intracellular accumulation sites were largely identical for GlcNAc- and Mannose-specific lectins. This indicates that WGA-mediated delivery may also enter host cells via the FimH-dependent uptake pathway.
Application of Collagen Scaffold in Tissue Engineering: Recent Advances and New Perspectives
Authors: Dong Chanjuan , Lv Yonggang
Published: February 2016

Collagen is the main structural protein of most hard and soft tissues in animals and the human body, which plays an important role in maintaining the biological and structural integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and provides physical support to tissues. Collagen can be extracted and purified from a variety of sources and offers low immunogenicity, a porous structure, good permeability, biocompatibility and biodegradability. Collagen scaffolds have been widely used in tissue engineering due to these excellent properties. However, the poor mechanical property of collagen scaffolds limits their applications to some extent. To overcome this shortcoming, collagen scaffolds can be cross-linked by chemical or physical methods or modified with natural/synthetic polymers or inorganic materials. Biochemical factors can also be introduced to the scaffold to further improve its biological activity. This review will summarize the structure and biological characteristics of collagen and introduce the preparation methods and modification strategies of collagen scaffolds. The typical application of a collagen scaffold in tissue engineering (including nerve, bone, cartilage, tendon, ligament, blood vessel and skin) will be further provided. The prospects and challenges about their future research and application will also be pointed out.
Preface: Recent Advances in Remote Sensing for Crop Growth Monitoring
Authors: Cheng Tao , Yang Zhengwei , Inoue Yoshio , Zhu Yan , Cao Weixing
Published: February 2016

This Special Issue gathers sixteen papers focusing on applying various remote sensing techniques to crop growth monitoring. The studies span observations from multiple scales, a combination of model simulations and experimental measurements, and a range of topics on crop monitoring and mapping. This preface provides a brief overview of the contributed papers.
An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy System for Monitoring Pineapple Waste Saccharification
Authors: Conesa Claudia , Ibáñez Civera Javier , Seguí Lucía , Fito Pedro , Laguarda-Miró Nicolás
Published: February 2016

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) has been used for monitoring the enzymatic pineapple waste hydrolysis process. The system employed consists of a device called Advanced Voltammetry, Impedance Spectroscopy & Potentiometry Analyzer (AVISPA) equipped with a specific software application and a stainless steel double needle electrode. EIS measurements were conducted at different saccharification time intervals: 0, 0.75, 1.5, 6, 12 and 24 h. Partial least squares (PLS) were used to model the relationship between the EIS measurements and the sugar determination by HPAEC-PAD. On the other hand, artificial neural networks: (multilayer feed forward architecture with quick propagation training algorithm and logistic-type transfer functions) gave the best results as predictive models for glucose, fructose, sucrose and total sugars. Coefficients of determination (R2) and root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP) were determined as R2 > 0.944 and RMSEP < 1.782 for PLS and R2 > 0.973 and RMSEP < 0.486 for artificial neural networks (ANNs), respectively. Therefore, a combination of both an EIS-based technique and ANN models is suggested as a promising alternative to the traditional laboratory techniques for monitoring the pineapple waste saccharification step.
A Survey on Intermediation Architectures for Underwater Robotics
Authors: Li Xin , Martínez José-Fernán , Rodríguez-Molina Jesús , Martínez Néstor
Published: February 2016

Currently, there is a plethora of solutions regarding interconnectivity and interoperability for networked robots so that they will fulfill their purposes in a coordinated manner. In addition to that, middleware architectures are becoming increasingly popular due to the advantages that they are capable of guaranteeing (hardware abstraction, information homogenization, easy access for the applications above, etc.). However, there are still scarce contributions regarding the global state of the art in intermediation architectures for underwater robotics. As far as the area of robotics is concerned, this is a major issue that must be tackled in order to get a holistic view of the existing proposals. This challenge is addressed in this paper by studying the most compelling pieces of work for this kind of software development in the current literature. The studied works have been assessed according to their most prominent features and capabilities. Furthermore, by studying the individual pieces of work and classifying them several common weaknesses have been revealed and are highlighted. This provides a starting ground for the development of a middleware architecture for underwater robotics capable of dealing with these issues.
Evaluating Quantum Dot Performance in Homogeneous FRET Immunoassays for Prostate Specific Antigen
Authors: Bhuckory Shashi , Lefebvre Olivier , Qiu Xue , Wegner Karl , Hildebrandt Niko
Published: February 2016

The integration of semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) into homogeneous Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) immunoassay kits for clinical diagnostics can provide significant advantages concerning multiplexing and sensitivity. Here we present a facile and functional QD-antibody conjugation method using three commercially available QDs with different photoluminescence (PL) maxima (605 nm, 655 nm, and 705 nm). The QD-antibody conjugates were successfully applied for FRET immunoassays against prostate specific antigen (PSA) in 50 µL serum samples using Lumi4-Tb (Tb) antibody conjugates as FRET donors and time-gated PL detection on a KRYPTOR clinical plate reader. Förster distance and Tb donor background PL were directly related to the analytical sensitivity for PSA, ...which resulted in the lowest limits of detection for Tb-QD705 (2 ng/mL), followed by Tb-QD655 (4 ng/mL), and Tb-QD605 (23 ng/mL). Duplexed PSA detection using the Tb-QD655 and Tb-QD705 FRET-pairs demonstrated the multiplexing ability of our immunoassays. Our results show that FRET based on QD acceptors is suitable for multiplexed and sensitive biomarker detection in clinical diagnostics.
Open Innovation Projects in SMEs as an Engine for Sustainable Growth
Authors: Yoon Byungun , Shin Juneseuk , Lee Sungjoo
Published: February 2016

Most innovation activities that are inevitable for sustainable growth are coordinated via research and development (R&D) projects, which can differ widely in terms of both project and open innovation characteristics, even when conducted within the same firm. Therefore, it is important to consider the peculiarities of R&D projects when evaluating the performance of open innovation strategies, as well as to explore how the benefits and costs of open innovation are shaped by cross-level interactions. This study identifies the differences between successful and unsuccessful open innovation projects, in both firm-level and project-level terms. We focus on small and medium enterprises (SMEs), which usually lack the full set of internal resources and competences required to effectively develop, produce, and commercialize their innovations, and thus must adopt open innovation approaches more actively for sustainability. Adopting an empirical approach, we conducted a survey of 517 Korean SMEs and analyzed 241 successful and unsuccessful open innovation projects in depth. By combining measurements at the firm and project levels, this study provides new insight into the intra-organizational challenges of implementing open innovation projects, which are not only helpful to strategic decision-makers in SMEs, but also to those who make policies for them.
Generation of Recombinant Polioviruses Harboring RNA Affinity Tags in the 5′ and 3′ Noncoding Regions of Genomic RNAs
Authors: Flather Dylan , Cathcart Andrea , Cruz Casey , Baggs Eric , Ngo Tuan , Gershon Paul , Semler Bert
Published: February 2016

Despite being intensely studied for more than 50 years, a complete understanding of the enterovirus replication cycle remains elusive. Specifically, only a handful of cellular proteins have been shown to be involved in the RNA replication cycle of these viruses. In an effort to isolate and identify additional cellular proteins that function in enteroviral RNA replication, we have generated multiple recombinant polioviruses containing RNA affinity tags within the 3′ or 5′ noncoding region of the genome. These recombinant viruses retained RNA affinity sequences within the genome while remaining viable and infectious over multiple passages in cell culture. Further characterization of these viruses demonstrated that viral protein production and growth kinetics were unchanged or only slightly altered relative to wild type poliovirus. However, attempts to isolate these genetically-tagged viral genomes from infected cells have been hindered by high levels of co-purification of nonspecific proteins and the limited matrix-binding efficiency of RNA affinity sequences. Regardless, these recombinant viruses represent a step toward more thorough characterization of enterovirus ribonucleoprotein complexes involved in RNA replication.
L'emploi des langues en matières judiciaires et administratives dans le royaume de Belgique
Authors: Wils Lode
Published: February 2016

The transformation of the federal state of the Austrian Netherlands into a modern unified state was to create a major linguistic problem. It was through a century and a half long struggle about the use of languages that the Flemish and Walloon communities established themselves. Indeed, the Belgian Revolution of 1830 was followed by a francization of civil service and justice in Flemish- speaking parts. This francization was never fully completed, and by 1870, there started an opposite evolution. Between the two wars, Dutch unilinguism was decreed in Flanders. The tiny German-speaking minority received a similar statute after World War II.
Priscus, gouverneur de Gaule Belgique (CIL X, 1705)
Authors: Raepsaet-Charlier Marie-Thérèse
Published: February 2016

A new survey of the fragmentary inscription CIL X 1705 erected by the Remes at (or in the surroundings of) Pouzzoles in the honour of a Governor of Belgium of whom only the agnomen Priscus has been preserved confirmed Th. Mommsen's reading and the use of the words Gallia Belgica in the definition of the office of propraetor legate of the province. A careful analysis and a more accurate restitution of Priscus' brilliant and rapid cursus honorum, have also allowed to propose a datation of the dedication to the reign of Antoninus Pius or Marcus Aurelius. As for the identification of the person with a famous Roman senator of the time, it remains uncertain and the assumptions put forward remain fragile.
Inventaire des collections archéologiques originaires de Bavay
Authors: Loridant Frédéric , Debs Ludovic
Published: February 2016

The Bavay archaeological findings have long enriched French and foreign museums. This first article itemizes collections of various origins and kept in the store-rooms of the Direction des Antiquités du Nord/Pas-de-Calais : one will note in particular a series of stamps on terra-nigra and a collection of mediaeval and modern pottery. One the other hand, we went through the lists of identification marks (essentially on sigillata pottery) originating in Bavay and kept in the Douai Museum (the material itself was lost in the 1944 bombing). This enabled us to update F. Oswald's index published under the «Douai» heading. One considers publishing in a further issue of this review the Stoclet Collection kept in the Valenciennes Museum and the pottery from Bavay currently on trust at the Menton Museum.
Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ADSCs) with the Potential to Ameliorate Platelet Recovery, Enhance Megakaryopoiesis, and Inhibit Apoptosis of Bone Marrow Cells in a Mouse Model of Radiation-Induced Thrombocytopenia
Authors: Zhang Jiamin , Zhou Shiyuan , Zhou Yi , Feng Feier , Wang Qianming , Zhu Xiaolu , Zhao Jingzhong , Fu Haixia , Lv Meng , Ai Huisheng , Huang Xiaojun , Zhang Xiaohui
Published: February 2016

Substantial damage to the bone marrow can be caused by exposure to radiation, which can then develop into severe thrombocytopenia. In this study, we investigated the in vivo impact of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) on megakaryopoiesis and platelet recovery in irradiated mice. Radiation markedly reduced peripheral blood counts. Recovery of both platelets and WBCs was better in the ADSC-treated group compared with the saline group and the fibroblast group 21 days after irradiation. A significant increase in the total CFU and MK-CFU after irradiation was observed in the ADSC group compared with the saline group and the fibroblast group. Further, the proportion of CD41+ cells in the ADSC group was significantly higher than that in the saline group and the fibroblast group. ADSC treatment significantly improved the cellularity and decreased the apoptotic cells in the bone marrow while normal fibroblasts did not. Administration of ADSCs upregulated protein expression of phosphorylated Akt and Bcl-xL, whereas the expression of Bax, a protein related to apoptosis, was significantly lower in the ADSC group. In conclusion, this study suggests that ADSCs were capable of promoting platelet recovery, improving megakaryopoiesis, and inhibiting apoptosis of bone marrow cells in irradiated mice. The antiapoptotic effect of ADSCs is likely to be mediated via the PI3K/Akt pathway. These findings may provide a scientific basis for using ADSCs as a new therapy after irradiation.
PET Imaging of Serotonin Transporters with 4-[18F]-ADAM in a Parkinsonian Rat Model with Porcine Neural Xenografts
Authors: Chiu Chuang-Hsin , Li I-Hsun , Weng Shao-Ju , Huang Yuahn-Sieh , Wu Shinn-Chih , Chou Ta-Kai , Huang Wen-Sheng , Liao Mei-Hsiu , Shiue Chyng-Yann , Cheng Cheng-Yi , Ma Kuo-Hsing
Published: February 2016

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by a loss of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway. Apart from effective strategies to halt the underlying neuronal degeneration, cell replacement now offers novel prospects for PD therapy. Porcine embryonic neural tissue has been considered an alternative source to human fetal grafts in neurodegenerative disorders because its use avoids major practical and ethical issues. This study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of embryonic day 27 (E27) porcine mesencephalic tissue transplantation in a PD rat model using animal positron emission tomography (PET) coupled with 4-[18F]-ADAM, a serotonin transporter (SERT) imaging agent. The parkinsonian rat was induced by injecting 6-hydroxydopamine into the medial forebrain bundle (MFB) of the right nigrostriatal pathway. The apomorphine-induced rotation behavioral test and 4-[18F]-ADAM/animal PET scanning were carried out following 6-OHDA lesioning. At the second week following 6-OHDA lesioning, the parkinsonian rat rotates substantially on apomorphine-induced contralateral turning. In addition, the mean striatal-specific uptake ratio (SUR) of 4-[18F]-ADAM decreased by 44%. After transplantation, the number of drug-induced rotations decreased markedly, and the mean SUR of 4-[18F]-ADAM and the level of SERT immunoreactivity (SERT-ir) in striatum were partially restored. The mean SUR level was restored to 71% compared to that for the contralateral intact side, which together with the abundant survival of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) neurons accounted for functional recovery at the fourth week postgraft. In regard to the extent of donor-derived cells, we found the neurons of the xenografts from E27 transgenic pigs harboring red fluorescent protein (RFP) localized with TH-ir cells and SERT-ir in the grafted area. Thus, transplanted E27 porcine mesencephalic tissue may restore dopaminergic and serotonergic systems in the parkinsonian rat. The 4-[18F]-ADAM/animal PET can be used to detect serotonergic neuron loss in PD and monitor the efficacy of therapy.
Asymmetric α-amination of β-keto esters using a guanidine–bisurea bifunctional organocatalyst
Authors: Odagi Minami , Yamamoto Yoshiharu , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: February 2016

An asymmetric α-amination of β-keto esters with azodicarboxylate in the presence of a guanidine–bisurea bifunctional organocatalyst was investigated. The α-amination products were obtained in up to 99% yield with up to 94% ee.
NEW INSIGHTS FOR HIGH-PRECISION ASTEROSEISMOLOGY: ACOUSTIC RADIUS OF KIC 6225718
Authors: Wu Tao , Li Yan
Published: February 2016

Asteroseismology is a powerful tool for probing stellar interiors and determining stellar fundamental parameters. In previous works, the

-minimization method is usually used to find the best-matching model to characterize observations. In this Letter, we adopt the

-minimization method but only use the observed high-precision oscillation to constrain theoretical models for solar-like oscillating star KIC 6225718, which is observed by the Kepler satellite. We also take into account the influence of model precision. Finally, we find that the time resolution of stellar evolution cannot be ignored in high-precision asteroseismic analysis. Based on this, we find the acoustic radius

is the only global parameter that can be accurately measured by the

-matching method between observed frequencies and theoretical model calculations. We obtain

s. In addition, we analyze the distribution of

-minimization models (CMMs) and find that the distribution range of CMMs is slightly enlarged by some extreme cases, which possess both a larger mass and a higher (or lower) heavy element abundance, at the lower acoustic radius end.
Characterization and Application of a Unique Panel of Monoclonal Antibodies Generated against Etanercept
Authors: Detrez Iris , Brouwers Els , Peeters Miet , Geukens Nick , de Vlam Kurt , Gils Ann
Published: February 2016

The clinical response in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients treated with biologic agents can be influenced by pharmacokinetic variability among and within these patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring is seen as a valuable tool to improve patient care. The aim of this study was to generate a panel of mAbs toward etanercept (ETN) and to determine ETN and anti-ETN concentrations in AS patients. mAbs against ETN (MA-ETN) were generated using hybridoma technology. For quantification of ETN concentrations, a mAb-based TNF-coated ELISA and a mAb/mAb-based sandwich-type ELISA were developed. For evaluation of the anti-ETN Ab response, a bridging ELISA, as well as a functional cell-based assay, were constructed. Disease activity of the AS patients was measured with the AS Disease Activity Score (ASDAS). Active disease was defined as ASDAS ≥ 2.1. A total of 59 of 76 generated mAbs were ETN specific and were characterized further. Fifty-one mAbs revealed inhibitory properties in a cell-based assay. Analysis of serum concentrations of 21 ETN-treated AS patients with the TNF/MA-ETN68C5-HRP ELISA and the MA-ETN63C8/MA-ETN61C1-HRP ELISA revealed a good Pearson’s r (+0.974) but a poor intraclass correlation coefficient (+0.528) as the result of underestimation of the values in the former ELISA. At 24 wk, ETN concentrations were similar in patients with ASDAS < 2.1 and ≥ 2.1. Anti-ETN Abs were not detected in any of the patient samples tested. In conclusion, highly sensitive mAb-based immunoassays were developed for quantification of ETN and anti-ETN concentrations. The impact of these methods needs to be evaluated further in clinical practice.
Response of sedimentary processes to cyanobacteria loading
Authors: Zilius Mindaugas , De Wit Rutger , Bartoli Marco
Published: February 2016

Sedimentation of pelagic cyanobacteria in dystrophic freshwater and oligohaline lagoons results in large inputs of labile organic matter (OM) to the benthos. We used an experimental approach to study the short-term impact of such phenomena on the benthic microbial community metabolism and on the nitrogen (N) fluxes across the sediment-water interface. We hypothesized an increase of respiratory activity, including N loss via denitrification and its recycling to the water column. Our results show that the incorporation within sediments of the settled bloom increases benthic bacterial activities. This is coupled to large DON and NH4+ effluxes, and to a comparatively smaller increase of N2 production, while no significant effects were detected for the benthic fluxes of NOx-. We constructed flow schemes for N compounds, which show that while denitrification was significantly stimulated by amending cyanobacterial biomass to the sediments, it represented less than 1% of total OM mineralization. Interestingly, we observed that total released nitrogen (DIN+DON+N2 efflux) was dominated by DON, which contributed 75–80 % of the net N efflux, suggesting incomplete mineralization of OM. With the measured total N mobilization rate of about 15 mmol N m-2 d-1 it would take more than 4 months to regenerate the total organic N input to sediments (2031 mmol N m-2), which represents the post-bloom deposited particulate organic N. These results suggest limited losses to the atmosphere and slow diffusive recycling of N buried into sediments, mostly as DON. Such regenerated N may eventually be flushed to the open sea or sustain pelagic blooms within the estuarine environment, including cyanobacteria, with a negative feedback for further import of atmospheric nitrogen via N-fixation.
Changes in the surface of bone and acid-etched and sandblasted implants following implantation and removal
Authors: Eroglu Cennet Neslihan , Ertugrul Abdullah Seckin , Eskitascioglu Murat , Eskitascioglu Gurcan
Published: February 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether there are any changes in the surface of bone or implant structures following the removal of a screwed dental implant. Materials and Methods: For this, six individual samples of acid-etched and sandblasted implants from three different manufacturers’ implant systems were used. They were screwed in a D1 bovine bone, and they were removed after primary stabilization. The bone and implant surfaces are evaluated with scanning electron microscope. Results: Through examination of the surfaces of the bone prior to implantation and of the used and unused implant surfaces, it was found that inhomogeneity in the implant surface can cause microcracking in the bone. Conclusions: This is attributed to the stress induced during the implantation of self-tapping implants and suggests that a tap drill may be required in some instances to protect the implant surface.
In vitro assessment of the accuracy of extraoral periapical radiography in root length determination
Authors: Nazeer Muhammad Rizwan , Khan Farhan Raza , Rahman Munawwar
Published: February 2016

Objective: To determine the accuracy of extra oral periapical radiography in obtaining root length by comparing it with the radiographs obtained from standard intraoral approach and extended distance intraoral approach. Materials and Methods: It was an in vitro, comparative study conducted at the dental clinics of Aga Khan University Hospital. ERC exemption was obtained for this work, ref number 3407Sur-ERC-14. We included premolars and molars of a standard phantom head mounted with metal and radiopaque teeth. Radiation was exposed using three radiographic approaches: Standard intraoral, extended length intraoral and extraoral. Since, the unit of analysis was individual root, thus, we had a total of 24 images. The images were stored in VixWin software. The length of the roots was determined using the scale function of the measuring tool inbuilt in the software. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 19.0 and GraphPad software. Pearson correlation coefficient and Bland–Altman test was applied to determine whether the tooth length readings obtained from three different approaches were correlated. P = 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The correlation between standard intraoral and extended intraoral was 0.97; the correlation between standard intraoral and extraoral method was 0.82 while the correlation between extended intraoral and extraoral was 0.76. The results of Bland–Altman test showed that the average discrepancy between these methods is not large enough to be considered as significant. Conclusions: It appears that the extraoral radiographic method can be used in root length determination in subjects where intraoral radiography is not possible.
Comparison of disinfectants by immersion and spray atomization techniques on the linear dimensional stability of different interocclusal recording materials: An in vitro study
Authors: Gounder Revathy , Vikas B. V. J.
Published: February 2016

Objective: To evaluate and compare the effect of 0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% glutaraldehyde by immersion and spray atomization technique on the linear dimensional stability of Jet bite, Aluwax and Ramitec interocclusal recording materials. Materials and Methods: Three representative materials: Jet bite (addition silicone), Aluwax and Ramitec (polyether) were mixed according to manufacturer's instructions and then specimens were prepared according to the specifications of ISO 4823. All the specimens except the control (distilled water) were treated with disinfectant solutions (0.5% chlorhexidine gluconate, 1% sodium hypochlorite, and 2% glutaraldehyde) for 30 and 60 min (n = 10) by spray and immersion technique. Once removed from the solutions, the test samples were washed in water for 15 s, dried and measured after 24 h 3 times using a measuring microscope with an accuracy of 0.0001 mm. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test with significance level of 5% were used to assess the statistical data (α = 0.05). Result: All groups showed no significant difference statistically, in linear dimension when disinfected for 30 min by spray or immersion technique. Polyether had significantly higher dimensional variation when immersed in sodium hypochlorite for 60 min. Addition silicone showed the least dimensional change which ranged from 0.024% to 0.05%, followed by polyether from 0.004% to 0.171% and Aluwax from 0.146% to 0.228%. Conclusion: To preserve the dimensions and surface of the recording materials and effective microbial elimination, restrictions should be applied in the method of disinfection and time duration. However, using the disinfectants either by spray or immersion technique, the dimensional change was <0.5% which was not clinically significant according to the American Dental Association specification no. 19 criteria within the first 24 h.
Patient-centered evaluation of microsurgical management of gingival recession using coronally advanced flap with platelet-rich fibrin or amnion membrane: A comparative analysis
Authors: Agarwal Sumit Kumar , Jhingran Rajesh , Bains Vivek Kumar , Srivastava Ruchi , Madan Rohit , Rizvi Iram
Published: February 2016

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of coronally advanced flap (CAF) procedure under microsurgical approach for the management of Miller's Class I and II gingival recession defects with the use of either platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) or amnion membrane (AM) in comparison to CAF alone. Materials and Methods: A total of 45 sites with Miller's Class I or II gingival recession defect were randomly distributed for: Experimental Group I (CAF with PRF) sites (n = 15) which were treated with the microsurgical approach using CAF along with PRF; experimental Group II (CAF with AM) sites (n = 15) were treated with the microsurgical approach using CAF along with AM; control Group III (CAF alone) sites (n = 15) were treated with the microsurgical approach using CAF alone. Vertical gingival recession (VGR), horizontal gingival recession (HGR), gingival thickness (GT) (using transgingival probing [TGP] and ultrasonography [USG]) and patients’ response and acceptance were documented at baseline, 3 months and 6 months after surgical interventions. Results: CAF alone and in combination with PRF or AM, were effective techniques for root coverage with average VGR values of 1.47 ± 0.92 mm (56%), 0.67 ± 1.23 mm (36%) and 0.60 ± 1.06 mm (33%) in Group I (CAF with PRF), Group II (CAF with AM), and Group III (CAF alone), respectively. Complete coverage (100%) was obtained in 33.3% sites of Group I (CAF with PRF), 26.6% sites of Group II (CAF with AM) and 13.3% in Group III (CAF alone). Patients’ response and acceptance for surgical treatment modality in terms of patient esthetic score and decrease in hypersensitivity score was highest for Group I (CAF with PRF), whereas patient comfort score was highest for Group II (CAF with AM). At 6 months follow-up, significant increase in GT measurements (using TGP and USG) in Group I (CAF with PRF), whereas, nonsignificant increase for Group II (CAF with AM) and no change or decrease for Group III (CAF alone) as compared to baseline was observed. Conclusion: The present study observed enhancement in root coverage when PRF or AM are used in conjunction with CAF as compared to CAF alone. These results are based on 6-month followup. Therefore, the long-term evaluation may be necessary to appreciate the clinical effect of autologous PRF and AM.
Eye-rima oris distance and its relation to the vertical dimension of occlusion measured by two methods: Anthropometric study in a sample of Yemeni dental students
Authors: Alhajj Mohammed Nasser , Khalifa Nadia , Amran Abdullah
Published: February 2016

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the distance measured from the distal outer of the eye to the parting line of the lips and the occlusal vertical dimension (OVD) measured by two methods. Methods: One hundred and fourteen dental students (76 males and 38 females) were recruited for this study with mean age (22.34 ± 1.83) years. The distance from distal canthus of the eye to rima oris (eye-RO) was compared with two different measurements of the OVD (nasal [N] to gnathion [Gn], and subnasal [Sn] to menton [Me]). All distances were measured using modified digital caliper. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient test for correlations and paired samples t-test for differences were used with a significant level of (P < 0.05). There was a positive significant correlation between the eye-RO distance and the two measurements of the OVD. However, this correlation was stronger between eye-RO and the distance from the tip of the nose to the tip of the chin than that between eye-RO and the distance from the septum of the nose to the under of the chin (r = 0.313 with P = 0.0007, r = 0.296 with P = 0.0014), respectively. Conclusion: The distance from the outer canthus of the eye to the parting of the lips seems to be a reliable method in predicting the OVD and should relate to the distance from the tip of the nose to the tip of the chin.
Retrospective study of root canal configurations of maxillary third molars in Central India population using cone beam computed tomography Part- I
Authors: Rawtiya Manjusha , Somasundaram Pavithra , Wadhwani Shefali , Munuga Swapna , Agarwal Manish , Sethi Priyank
Published: February 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the root and canal morphology of maxillary third molars in Central India population using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) analysis. Materials and Methods: CBCT images of 116 maxillary third molars were observed, and data regarding the number of roots, the number of canals, and Vertucci's Classification in each root was statistically evaluated. Results: Majority of Maxillary third molars had three roots (55.2%) and three canals (37.9%). Most MB root (43.8%), DB root (87.5%), and palatal root (100%) of maxillary third molars had Vertucci Type I. Mesiobuccal root of three-rooted maxillary third molars had Vertucci Type I (43.8%) and Type IV (40.6%) configuration. Overall prevalence of C-shaped canals in maxillary third molars was 3.4%. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of three-rooted maxillary molars with three canals.
Extensive ameloblastic fibroma of the mandibula in a female adult patient: A case report with a follow-up of 3 years
Authors: Tozoglu Sinan , Hatipoglu Mukerrem , Aytekin Zeliha , Gurer Elif Inanc
Published: February 2016

Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is rare benign odontogenic tumour which usually occurs in the first two decades of life. It can occur either the mandible or maxilla but it is most frequently found in the posterior region of the mandible. Treatment of AF in usual is a conservative approach, such as enucleation and curettage but the aggressive lesions require a radical approach. A more radical approach should be considered in older patients who have likely high recurrence tendency. This report describes a case of AF in a 38-year-old female patient identified during a routine radiographic exam. Tomographic examination through three-dimensional reconstruction indicated vestibular fenestration of the cortical bone, with involvement of lingual cortical bone as the lession extended to the posterior region. We removed the tumor under local anesthesia. In this case patient has continued to be followed frequently and has been disease-free for 3 years.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Utility of Corticosteroids in the Treatment of Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Authors: Grooten Iris J. , Vinke Margot E. , Roseboom Tessa J. , Painter Rebecca C.
Published: February 2016

Background

Corticosteroids (CCS) are effective in reducing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, but it is unknown whether CCS are effective in treating hyperemesis gravidarum (HG).

Methods

We searched PubMed and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception to May 15, 2015, for randomized controlled trials examining the effects of CCS in HG.

Results

We identified five trials ( n = 310) examining the effects of CCS in women with HG. Meta-analysis was possible for one outcome ( n = 214) and showed no significant effect of CCS on readmission rates (odds ratio, 0.37; 95% confidence internal: 0.1-1.35). Two small studies ( n = 104) reported a reduction of vomiting episodes, and one ( n = 24) found improvement of well-being, but no effect on other outcomes. None of the studies that investigated perinatal outcome ( n = 173) found an effect of CCS and were underpowered to investigate teratogenic effects. We found evidence of publication bias.

Conclusion

Meta-analysis yielded no effect of CCS therapy on readmission rates. Single small studies indicated possible beneficial effects on other outcomes. Future high-quality trials are necessary and would benefit from consensus on HG definition and core outcomes of HG therapy.
Puente de San Jorge de Alcoy (1925-28): la forma técnica como forma arquitectónica
Authors: Caballero Lobera Andrés
Published: February 2016

El puente de San Jorge de Alcoy supone la realización de una arquitectura que se enfrenta a un doble reto: expresarse en el lenguaje art déco de su tiempo, y dar carta de naturaleza al hormigón armado como material de pleno derecho en el ámbito arquitectónico. Para ello y siguiendo la estela de A. Perret, Eusa transfiere al sistema constructivo del hormigón, el contenido cultural del modelo tectónico greco-gótico, cumpliendo así la máxima que exige sinceridad constructiva, para lo cual la generación de la forma arquitectónica debía manifestarse como consecuencia de la función mecánica.
Edificio de viviendas en la calle de La Selva. Barcelona. España
Authors: NsARQUITECTES Estudi
Published: February 2016

El solar de intervención, de geometría trapezoidal, se sitúa al Sur de la plaza Llucmajor, en la calle de La Selva entre las travesías Pintor Alsamora y Valldemossa. 

El Planeamiento califica el solar como equipamiento, contemplando la realización de un aparcamiento subterráneo, un equipamiento en planta baja (con la ocupación total de la parcela) y un edificio de viviendas sociales de cuatro plantas de altura cuyo perímetro rectangular está predeterminado y sus medidas son de 38,41m. x 17,12m.
Parque de bomberos en Banyoles. Gerona. España
Authors: NsARQUITECTES Estudi
Published: February 2016

El edificio se sitúa junto a la variante de Girona y a las afueras de Banyoles en lo alto de un montículo desde el que se domina la comarca del Pla de l’Estany. El elemento más representativo es el lago de Banyoles, un lago natural en cuya orilla Este se asienta la ciudad.
Oral Lesions Diagnosed during Oral Cancer Prevention Campaign in Fernandópolis, Brazil, 2015
Authors: Tomo Saygo , Cruz Marlene Cabral Coimbra , Fernandes Karina Gonzales Camara , Kina Mônica , Boer Nagib Pezati , Simonato Luciana Estevam
Published: February 2016

Background

To describe oral lesions diagnosed during oral cancer prevention campaign performed in Fernandópolis, Brazil, in 2015.

Materials and methods

Patients who attended for the Basic Health Units of the city of Fernandópolis on the day of the campaign were examined by dental surgeons who searched for oral lesions clinically suggestive for oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) or potentially malignant lesions. Final diagnosis was obtained by a re-evaluation of patients with suspicious lesions performed by an expert in oral diseases.

Results

Seven hundred and sixty-two patients were examined during the campaign; although 96 (12.59%) presented with oral suspicious lesions and forwarded for re-evaluation, only 72 (9.44%) attended for re-evaluation and got the final diagnosis. Among re-evaluated patients, only 1 (1.38%) was diagnosed with oral SCC, whereas 56 (77.77%) were diagnosed with oral benign lesions, and 19 (26.38%) were diagnosed with oral normality variations.

Conclusion

Oral cancer low diagnosis rate detected during this campaign might be attributed to lacks on oral cancer prevention campaign methodologies, which clearly needs to be improved aiming to reach patients in real risk for oral cancer development. Furthermore, oral benign lesions diagnosis among patients forwarded with suspicious lesions rates suggests a lack on dental surgeons’ knowledge regarding oral cancer.

How to cite this article

Tomo S, Cruz MCC, Fernandes KGC, Kina M, Boer NP, Simonato LE. Oral Lesions Diagnosed during Oral Cancer Prevention Campaign in Fernandópolis, Brazil, 2015. World J Dent 2015;6(3):138-142.
Prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization and its Relation with Dental Caries in School Children of Udupi District, South India
Authors: Pentapati Kalyana Chakravarthy , Acharya Shashidhar , Tadikonda Abhinav N
Published: February 2016

Aim

To evaluate the prevalence of molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) and its relationship with dental caries in school children of Udupi district.

Materials and methods

A total of 352 school children were recruited for this study. The European Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (EAPD) 2003, criteria were followed for diagnosis of MIH. Dental caries was recorded using World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines (1997) under natural day light.

Results

The prevalence of MIH was seen to be 27% (n = 95). A total of 323 teeth had hypomineralization (106 were incisors and 217 were molars). The lower molars (n = 127) were more frequently affected than the upper molars (n = 90). Overall the maxillary incisors (n = 68) were more affected than the mandibular incisors (n = 38). Amongst the children with MIH, the mean number of decayed teeth was significantly lower than mean number of hypomineralized teeth in first permanent molars and first permanent molars and incisors (p < 0.001 and < 0.001) respectively. The mean decayed teeth in first permanent molar and incisors were significantly higher in subjects with MIH than without MIH (p < 0.001). Poisson regression analysis showed a significant positive association between MIH and dental caries (B = 1.43; p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The prevalence of MIH was relatively high and was associated with dental caries.

How to cite this article

Tadikonda AN, Acharya S, Pentapati KC. Prevalence of Molar Incisor Hypomineralization and its Relation with Dental Caries in School Children of Udupi District, South India. World J Dent 2015;6(3):143-146.
Agent-based Modeling for Decision Making in Economics under Uncertainty
Authors: Vermeulen Ben , Pyka Andreas
Published: February 2016

Ever since the emergence of economics as a distinct scientific discipline, policy makers have turned to economic models to guide policy interventions. If policy makers seek to enhance growth of an open capitalist economy, they have to take into account, firstly, the uncertainties, inefficiencies, and market failures faced by the agents in the economy, and, secondly, the activities, network structure, and interactions in the innovation and production system. The authors discuss ins-and-outs of developing and using (encompassing and empirically calibrated) agent-based models for (i) abductive theorizing about causes for empirical realities, and (ii) evaluating effects of policy interventions. To ensure that derived policies are suitable to intervene in the real world and not just the stylization of it, they discuss validity and operationalization of agent-based models as well as interpretation of simulation results.