bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-Criminological Characteristics of Exemption from Criminal Liability
Authors: Pudovochkin Yury
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes statistical and other social information on the specifics of using exemptions from criminal liability in court practice, which is underrepresented in modern criminological publications. It is stated that the growth in the total number of people exempt from liability, which was caused by the reform of 2003, now stopped at the level of 180-200 thousand people per year, which is 18-22 % of people for whom judgments on the merits of the charges have been issued. In this connection, it is proven that the potential for the humanization of criminal law through the use of this institute is fully used, while all legislative decisions connected with its improvement only lead to the changes in the general body of individuals exempt from liability; as a result, prominence is given to grounds for exemption connected with the compensation of damage inflicted on the victim and extra payments for the benefit of the state. The share of persons who reconciled with the victims and agreed to pay a court fine comprises over 80 % of the total number of persons exempt from liability. This research also addresses the issue of the correlation between the grounds for exemption from liability and the type of the committed crime, its criminological features and the degree of public danger. Based on this information, three criminological models of exemption from criminal liability have been worked out, they clearly correspond to the prescriptions of Art. 74, 76 and 76.2 of the CC of the RF. The sustainable socio-criminological basis of exemption from liability makes it possible to determine the social background for the existence and future development of this institute. Having analyzed the existing research approaches to the social basis for exemption, the author concludes that this basis consists in the adequate restoration of the interests of the person, the society, and the state violated by the crime through independent and intensive actions of the person who committed this crime and, as a result, the use of criminal liability measures becomes excessive.
Criminal Liability of Legal Entities in China: Traditional Approaches and Modern Choices
Authors: Pan Dunmei
Published: December 2020

Crime committed by a legal entity is an unavoidable social phenomenon in the process of modern socio-economic development in different countries of the world. The crime of a legal entity in modern Chinese criminal law is called a corporate crime. Since the establishment of the people's Republic of China until 1979, only the criminal liability of individuals has been recognized in the field of Chinese criminal law and criminal law theory. Corporate criminal responsibility in the People's Republic of China was established in a completely new historical context: with the development of the commodity economy and market economy in the new China, corporate crimes appeared in public life and gradually spread in the middle and second half of the 1980s, so that regulation through laws became a requirement for the Chinese society to function normally. In this social context, the Standing Committee of the All-China People's Congress has passed a number of laws that provide for corporate crimes. Before the Criminal Code of the People's Republic of China came into force of in 1997, corporate crimes already accounted for about one third of all offences stipulated in specific criminal and non-criminal laws, which lead to the final establishment of corporate criminal responsibility in the new Criminal Code of China. The author analyzes the problem of criminal liability for corporate crimes in the criminal law of the People's Republic of China from the standpoint of traditional theory, as well as predicts the appropriate trends in the future development of theoretical approaches to bringing legal entities to criminal responsibility in a risk society. According to the author, in a risk society, effective prevention of risks in the activities of legal entities is inseparable from the efforts of legal entities themselves, and criminal law, as one of the tools for risk distribution, is aimed primarily not at punishment, but at increasing the motivation of legal entities to achieve this.
A Prohibition to Receive Remuneration (Gifts) in Connection with the Performance of Official Duties as a Measure of Anti-Corruption Criminological Security
Authors: Damm Irina , Tarbagaev Aleksey , Akunchenko Evgenii
Published: December 2020

A prohibition for persons holding government (municipal) positions, for government (municipal) employees, and some other employees of the public sphere who are public officials to receive remuneration (gifts) is aimed at preventing bribery (Art. 290, 291, 291.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation), and could be viewed as a measure of anti-corruption criminological security. However, the existing collisions of civil, administrative and criminal law norms that regulate this prohibition lead to an ongoing discussion in research publications and complexities in practice. The goal of this research is to study the conditions and identify the problems of the legal regulation of receiving remuneration (gifts) in connection with the performance of official duties that prevent the implementation of anti-corruption criminological security. The authors use the legal theory of security measures to analyze the provisions of Clause 3, Part 1, Art. 575 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation and Clause 6, Part 1, Art. 17 of the Federal Law «About the Public Civil Service in the Russian Federation», examine the doctrinal approaches to defining the priority of enforcing the above-mentioned norms, study the significant features of the category «ordinary gift» and conduct its evaluation from the standpoint of differentiating between gifts and bribes, also in connection with the criteria of the insignificance of the corruption deed. The empirical basis of the study is the decisions of courts of general jurisdiction. The authors also used their experience of working in Commissions on the observance of professional behavior and the resolution of conflicts of interests at different levels. The conducted research allowed the authors to come to the following fundamental conclusions: 1) the special security rule under Clause 6, Part 1, Art. 17 of the Federal Law «About the Public Civil Service in the Russian Federation», which sets a full prohibition for government employees to receive remuneration (gifts) in connection with the performance of official duties, contradicts Clause 3, Part 1, Art. 575 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation (the existing legal-linguistic vagueness of categories in Art. 575 of the CC of the RF leads to problems in law enforcement and makes a negative impact on the anti-corruption mentality of people); 2) as the concepts «gift» and «bribe» do not logically intersect, the development of additional normative legal criteria for their delineation seems to be unpromising and will lead to a new wave of scholastic and practical disagreements; 3) the introduction of a uniform and blanket ban on receiving remuneration (gifts) in the public sphere by eliminating Clause 3, Part 1, Art. 575 of the CC of the RF seems to be an effective measure of preventing bribery, and its application is justified until Russian society develops sustainable anti-corruption mentality.
On the Criminal Policy Concerning Juvenile Crime in Modern Russia
Authors: Dikaev Salman , Dikaeva Milana
Published: December 2020

The attitude of the state towards underage criminals has considerably changed in the last decade, which is evident from the adoption of new normative legal acts determining the direction of state criminal policy concerning children. Thus, the Decree of the President of Russia declared 2018-2027 to be the Decade of Childhood, whose scope includes a comprehensive program of preventing underage crimes, the use of restorative techniques and methods of preventive work with children and their parents, etc. Sentencing practices and exemption from punishment have also been revised. The courts have started to apply criminal law measures more widely, to terminate criminal cases, exempt minors from criminal liability and punishment, and to use reconciliation programs. This lead to the reduction of both the number of young offenders institutions and the number of their inmates. At the same time, there is a trend for a harsher response of the state to some crimes of minors, which shows that the trend for the humanization of criminal policy concerning them is unstable. Widening the list of Articles included in Art. 20 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, for which the age of responsibility is 14, development of draft laws providing for the reduction of the age of criminal responsibility to 12 years for very grave crimes by the State Dumas Committee for the Development of Civil Society, and others, testify to the inconsistency of lawmaking work and the absence of adequate understanding of the essence of juvenile crime. The authors show that it is necessary to widen the application of double prevention norms: it is suggested that in each case of juvenile crime it is reasonable to raise the question of prosecuting parents for non-fulfillment or undue fulfillment of child-rearing obligations when there are grounds for such prosecution (Art. 156 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation). It is also recommended to widen the application of norms of liability for involving minors in crimes and other anti-social actions.
Criminological Features and Determination Specifics of Modern Tax Crimes
Authors: Nikolaeva Zhanna
Published: December 2020

The author analyzes statistical information on tax crimes, the causes of the fluctuation of their quantitative parameters, and the impact of the economic downturn on tax crimes. Data characterizing the personality of tax offenders are presented. Determinants of tax crimes are examined. The author studies data that reflect the impact of the economic downturn of 2015-2016 and the subsequent stabilization of the economy on the observance of tax obligations. The key determinants of tax crimes that constitute its causal complex are recognized to be self-interest, a desire to get excess profit, and a reluctance to conduct business using common rules. Modern tax crimes have features typical of «white collar» crimes: openness of committing crimes that are made to look like legitimate business activities; use of the intellectual potential of highly qualified specialists for the development and improvement of criminal tax strategies, protection of criminal actions against exposure and prosecution; considerable material damage from crimes; long-term character of criminal activities; focus on using the advantages connected with tax evasion in competition. The author analyzes the norm of legal liability for breach of the law on taxes and duties. It is noted that the gains of tax evasion are higher than the material losses that could be incurred if the fact is exposed. The bigger the amount of uncollected taxes, the less significant the criminal law punitive sanctions are in comparison with it. There is not risk of becoming a subject of criminal prosecution for ignoring the duty to obtain documentation for business activities, for hiding or destroying accounting documentation. The author shows that the insufficiency of criminal law measures of restraining legal deviations regarding tax obligations and the defects of normative legal regulation of legal liability for tax delicts become the determinants of tax crimes because they promote the idea of impunity. Besides, the drawbacks of legal liability for violating the legislation on taxes and duties create conditions for the self-determination of tax crimes and for the formation of shadow economy in the Russian Federation.
Improving the Mechanism of Using Coercive Medical Measures Associated with Punishments Without Isolation from Society: from Sentencing to Exemption from Sentence
Authors: Zvonov Andrey , Savin Andrey
Published: December 2020

The authors analyze doctrinal interpretation of the procedure for the imposition and enforcement of compulsory medical measures suggested by various scholars specializing in criminal and penitentiary law. Only a uniform understanding of the legal nature of the necessity to regulate these measures will make it possible to ascertain the final formation of the institute of coercive medical measures as an established institute of Russian criminal legislation and to work out measures of improving the procedure of their enforcement. The relevance of this study is connected with the need to improve the effectiveness of the criminal legislation norms in the sphere of ensuring the security of the society against publically dangerous actions of persons with psychiatric disorders who are sentenced by the court to coercive medical measures. The authors examine the problem of the possibility of sentencing them to penalties that are alternative to imprisonment. They have analyzed and compared a number of norms of criminal and penitentiary legislation, pointed out obvious gaps, and presented suggestions on bridging them. The authors draw attention to the necessity to streamline and clearly distribute the functions of enforcing court decisions regarding criminal law measures between the subjects of enforcement; they also suggest the introduction of corresponding amendments into criminal, criminal procedure and penitentiary legislation.
Criminal Liability for Market Manipulation Under Russian Law and Under the European Union Law
Authors: Lifshits Ilya , Yani Pavel
Published: December 2020

The development of trade in securities, derivative financial instruments, currencies, and goods at exchanges and trading platforms requires a protection of these markets against abuses. Russian legislation in this sphere is based on the approaches of the European Union to counteracting market manipulation and unlawful use of insider information. Consequently, a comparative legal analysis of counteracting these abuses in the EU and in Russia presents a considerable research interest. It was in 2003 that the concept of market manipulation was for the first time defined by the EU in its legislative act, and in April 2014 the EU adopted a legislative act in the form of a directive aimed at harmonizing the legislation of member states on criminal liability for market abuse. This harmonization is especially relevant for the EU due to the creation and functioning of a unified market of financial services, where a license obtained in one member state allows financial institutions to work throughout the territory of the EU. Criminal liability for market manipulation was introduced in Russia in 2009, and a year later the corresponding Article was amended by a complex law on counteracting abuses at organized markets. The authors present a detailed criminal law characteristic of the crime under this norm by analyzing its object, material elements, and other constituent elements of the offense with reference to laws and bylaws of positive regulation of the corresponding relations. According to the authors, this crime and criminal actions under the Article on unlawful use of insider information should be differentiated by using the criterion of publically dangerous consequences manifested through a considerable deviation of the prices of supply and demand, or the trade volume, compared to the corresponding level that would have existed without illegal actions. Using the analysis of the first guilty verdict in Russia under Article 185.3 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, the authors distinguish between liability under this article and the articles regulating liability for crimes against property - fraud, appropriation, abuse of trust with some attributes of theft.
The Personality of the Defendant Through the Prism of Justice: Criminology and Criminal Procedure Aspects
Authors: Voskobitova Lidiya , Malysheva Olga , Nasonov Sergey
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to integrated research of key milestones of criminological and criminal procedure aspects of knowing the personality of the defendant and to the identification of the existing problem of harmonizing these types of cognitive activities in the administration of justice. The authors stress the differences between the criminological and the criminal procedure interpretations of the personality of the defendant, which are also manifested in the interpretation of its structure. It is shown that the factor integrating the knowledge of the personality of the defendant during judicial proceedings is the inseparable unity of this knowledge with the process of proving. The limits of knowing the personality of the defendant in criminal proceedings are directly dependent on forms of knowing and vary under the influence of their differentiation. The article presents three levels of knowing the personality of the defendant in justice in the criminological and criminal procedure aspects: extended (proceedings in cases of minors and cases on using compulsory medical measures); ordinary (cases prosecuted in general and special procedures); differentiated (cases tried by juries). It is pointed out that the personality of the criminal is most thoroughly examined at the extended and ordinary levels of knowing, which is caused by the contents of the general and the special objects of proof, as well as the absence of any legislative limitations on the objects and means of proving the above-mentioned circumstances. Most problems connected with the limits of knowing the personality of the criminal arise when a case is tried by a jury, which is caused by the bifurcation of the object of this study on the conducted inquiry with or without the participation of the jury. Having chosen the substantive approach to solving this problem, the legislators identified the limits of knowing the personality of the defendant with the limits of the sphere (object) of the cognitive competence of jurors, and other information on the personality of the defendant is studied after the verdict. The authors analyze the problems of correlation between the criminological and criminal procedure aspects of knowing the personality of the defendant in trials by jury: the effectiveness of a substantive limitation of studying personal characteristics of the defendant by jurors and the opportunity to examine the facts pointing at the insanity of the defendant with the participation of jurors. The authors also describe the specific features of examining the personality of the defendant in the USA and in Austria. They conclude that it is necessary to widen the scope of examining the personality of the defendant in trials by jury.
An Investigator as a Subject Using Special Knowledge and Collecting Evidence to Counteract Crime
Authors: Shurukhnov Nikolai , Smolkova Iraida
Published: December 2020

In the process of investigative actions, especially non-verbal ones, the search, finding, registering, study of traces and material evidence are of paramount importance. According to rules of the criminal procedure legislation, work with such objects makes it possible to carry out proofing in order to establish the circumstances included in Art. 73 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. The effectiveness of collecting evidence depends on the use of special knowledge, technical devices, information-telecommunication technologies, and training of the persons involved in investigating actions. Based on this, the object of the article is a comparative legal analysis of the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the Statute of Criminal Procedure of 1864, and the legal positions of scholars with the purpose of determining whether an investigator possesses any special knowledge, how he acquires that knowledge, and if he is able of using it during the procedural action. The article presents the contents of some norms of the Statute of Criminal Procedure, which considered the court investigator to be the subject of applying special knowledge and demonstrated practical situations in which it was used. Considerable attention is paid to how an investigator acquires special knowledge through the study of criminalistics as a special legal theory in the educational institution of the corresponding sphere (it is noted that 76 % of investigators have higher or special secondary education). A systemic improvement of the qualification of investigators, their specialization on investigating specific types of crimes, their experience are named as sources of special knowledge. The author describes four conditions of the effective use of special knowledge by the investigator himself. It is concluded that, due to the professional university training and the experience in investigating, the investigator acts as a subject of special knowledge and, according to his legal status, should use it for proofing. According to the author, this conclusion follows from the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and stimulates the effectiveness of the investigators work on collecting, verifying, evaluating and using evidence in the process of crime investigation.
Dishevelled family proteins (DVL1-3) expression in IUGR placentas
Authors: Sola Ida Marija , Serman Alan , Karin-Kujundzic Valentina , Paic Frane , Skrtic Anita , Slatina Paula , Kakarigi Luka , Vranic Semir , Serman Ljiljana
Published: December 2020

Dishevelled family proteins (DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3) are cytoplasmic mediators involved in canonical and non-canonical Wnt signaling that are important in embryonic development. The role of DVL proteins in the placental tissue remains mostly unknown. In the current study, we explored the role of Dishevelled proteins in naturally invasive tissue, trophoblast. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 15 term placentas from physiologic term pregnancies and 15 term placentas from pregnancies complicated with intrauterine growth restrictions (IUGR) were used for the study. Expression levels of mRNA for DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3 in placentas were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). DVL1, DVL2, and DVL3 protein expression were semi-quantitatively analyzed using immunohistochemistry. The expression of DVL2 and DVL3 proteins was significantly higher in trophoblasts in placental villi from IUGR pregnancies compared with the control group of term placentas. In contrast, DVL3 protein expression was significantly higher in endothelial cells in placental villi from IUGR pregnancies compared with normal term placentas. The observed differences at protein levels between normal and IUGR placentas were not confirmed at the mRNA levels of DVL genes. Our data indicate the active involvement of DVL proteins in IUGR-related placentas. No significant changes were observed in DVL mRNA levels between the two groups of placentas. Further studies are required to explore the clinical relevance of these observations.
Biped Gait Analysis based on Forward Kinematics Modeling using Quaternions Algebra
Authors:   ,   Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, González-Islas J. C.
Published: December 2020

Gait is the main locomotion way for human beings as an autonomous decision. Due to the increase in people with walking disabilities, the precision in gait analysis for purposes in clinical diagnosis, sports medicine or biomechanical research for the design of assistive technologies is of special relevance. The literature reports notable contributions in technological developments with diverse applications; and in some cases, algorithms for characterization and gait analysis; however, more studies related to gait kinematics are necessary, such as the solution proposed in this work. In this paper, we focus on studying the forward kinematics of the lower limbs in human gait, using in a novel way quaternions algebra as mathematical tool and comparative analysis with classical methods is established. Gait analysis unlike other works is carried out by evaluating the rotational and tilting movements of the pelvis, flexion-extension of the hip and knee; as well as dorsiflexion and plantarflexion of the ankle. Finally, an assessment of normal, mild crouch and severe crouch gaits in the three anatomical planes is performed; and a metric based on the Euclidean norm in the cartesian space is used to evaluate these gaits.
Cover
Authors: Fisika Wahana
Published: December 2020

Wahana Fisika Volume 5 No 2 2020
Orbital period behaviour of three semi-detached binaries AI Cru, V1898 Cyg and Z Vul
Authors: YILDIRIM Muhammed Faruk
Published: December 2020

In this research, orbital period variation of three semi-deteached binaries AI Cru, V1898 Cyg and Z Vul investigated using all published eclipse times. O-C analysis method has preferred as the method and the orbital periods of all systems are determined to increase. The changing rate of their period has been determined to be 0.8, 4.1 and 0.8 s/century for AI Cru, V1898 Cyg and Z Vul, respectively. Mass transfer between components has proposed as the cause of orbital period increase. For AI Cru, V1898 Cyg and Z Vul, mass transfer from less massive component to more massive and mass transfer rate was found to be 2.9×10-7, 1.5×10-7 and 5.3×10-8 M⊙/year respectively. Cyclic change has also seen in AI Cru and V1898 Cyg with increasing parabolic change. Cyclic periodic changes can be explained as being the result of a light-travel time effect via a tertiary body around the eclipsing pair. The minimum mass of probable tertiary components around AI Cru and V1898 Cyg were found to be 0.38 M⊙ and 0.26 M⊙, respectively.
Haosul hazardului sau cosmosul determinismului?
Authors: Gafton Francisc
Published: December 2020

Tot ceea ce există decurge din ceva anterior și se supune unor factori determinanți, adică are antecedenți și cauze, care dețin antecedenți și cauze, indiferent de dificultatea de a analiza exhaustiv elementele lanțului cauzal (adică de a le cuantifica forțele, ierarhia, și ponderile, de a le stabili gradele de conjuncție, interdeterminare și colaborare, de a le monitoriza, matematiza și algortimiza componentele), nimic nefiind aleatoriu și lipsit de determinare. O astfel de dificultate sau de imposibilitate nu poate genera sau constitui motiv de a concluziona că astfel de procese complexe ar fi indeterminate și aleatorii, întrucît ele sînt riguros determinate de o multitudine de factori inextricabil întrețesuți.
Limba română în Bucovina habsburgică din perspectiva bilingvismului instituționalizat
Authors: Prisacaru Ana-Maria
Published: December 2020

Din perspectiva raporturilor de putere care se instituie într-un teritoriu de ocupație străină, bilingvismul instituționalizat presupune diferențierea statutului limbilor în contact și ierarhizarea acestora în funcție de atribuțiile comunicative care le vor reveni în cadrul noii organizări statale guvernate de o autoritate suzerană. Fenomen lingvistic inegal din punctul de vedere al funcționalității limbilor interferente, acest tip de bilingvism a generat și în Bucovina habsburgică impunerea limbii germane, declarată oficială în nordul moldav în anul 1784, ca singura limbă folosită în „oficiile țării”. Limitarea funcțiilor de comunicare ale limbii române aproape exclusiv la registrul colocvial este rezultatul amplei politici de „nivelare” lingvistică (Ausgleichspolitik), implementată de Curtea de la Viena în toate provinciile imperiale în vederea reducerii particularismului național prin obligativitatea cunoașterii și a folosirii limbii germane. Cum dezideratul coeziunii și uniformizării tuturor teritoriilor habsburgice se putea atinge doar prin reformarea, în spirit iosefinist, a instituțiilor responsabile de păstrarea consțiinței identitare a națiunilor subjugate, în Bucovina au fost vizate în acest sens sectoarele juridico-administrativ, bisericesc și școlar, afectate de germanizare mai ales după încorporarea nordului Moldovei în Regatul Galiției și Lodomeriei.
Diacronia construcției cu complement intern în română și maghiară
Authors: Farkas Imola-Ágnes
Published: December 2020

Bazîndu-se pe observația în general validă în majoritatea limbilor potrivit căreia construcțiile cu complement intern sînt deseori supuse variației diacronice, această lucrare prezintă o analiză a istoriei schimbărilor diacronice în construcțiile cu complement intern în două limbi neînrudite tipologic. Vom demonstra că, deși din stadiul actual al limbilor română și maghiară lipsește construcția (aspectuală) canonică cu complement intern ilustrată în to sleep a sound sleep ‘a dormi un somn profund’, această structură există în ambele limbi dar fie într-un stadiu mai vechi al limbii (cazul românei), fie în stadiul actual al limbii, ca
rezultat al unei creșteri vizibile spre perioada modernă, dar complementul intern este exprimat printr-un pseudo-obiect (cazul maghiarei). Prin urmare, schimbarea diacronică în aceste construcții ale acestor limbi se produce în două direcții diferite.
Izotopii generatoare de clișee jurnalistice în contextul pandemiei de Covid-19: „patologii la modă” sau „cuvinte-oglindă” ale realității psihosociale?
Authors: Stroia Armanda Ramona
Published: December 2020

Demersul investigativ de față propune o „cartografiere” a izotopiilor dominante generatoare de clișee lingvistice, în contexul mediatizării intense a pandemiei actuale de Covid-19. Analiza automatismelor lingvistice extrase din discursul jurnalistic online ne-a oferit indicii relevante, nu doar pentru a identifica particularități noi ale „comportamentului” lingvistic al clișeelor, ci și pentru înțelegerea mizelor, implicațiilor și posibilelor efecte ale utilizării anumitor structuri prefabricate. În principiu, examinarea acestor scheme de clișeizare a relevat modul în care instanțele mediatice preiau, sub presiunea modelului internațional, izotopiile lexico-semantice care exploatează structuri prefabricate din domenii distincte: războiul, cu predilecție zona elementelor pirotehnice („au explodat cazurile”, „explozie de noi cazuri”„ „explozie uriașă de cazuri de Covid”), aria semantică a dezastrelor naturale subsumată lichidității („un nou val de COVID”, „val de controale anti-Covid”, „val de decese”, „un val de comentarii pline de ură”, „val de infectări/ de confirmări/ de îmbolnăviri” etc, „potop de acuzații/ de amenzi”, „tsunami de bolnavi de Covid-19 / de concedieri”). De asemenea, am identificat automatisme jurnalistice circumscrise izotopiei economiei („bilanțul epidemiologic”), clasamentului și competiției sportive (clișee ale statisticilor: „topul infectărilor”, „topul Covid”, „topul îmbolnăvirilor cu Covid”, „topul european al evoluției Covid”, „cursa vaccinurilor” etc.), dezastrului (clișee ale excesului melodramatic, simptomatice jurnalismului de tip tabloid: „dezastru”, „haos”, „coșmar”, „drama Covid-19”). Efortul analitic a fost concentrat, pentru articolul de față, asupra primelor două izotopii dominante.

Pentru a atinge aceste obiective, am propus un model de cercetare bidimensional, axat pe corelarea datelor obținute din unghiuri diferite, atît în funcție de microparametri lingvistici (valențe semantice, stilistice, tipare lexicale și morfosintactice), cît și de variabile macrocontextuale (aspecte pragmatice, psiholingvistice, perspective derivate din sociologia comunicării media, analiza critică a discursului etc.).

Rezultatele investigației au evidențiat că aceste șabloane lingvistice, analizate în „acolada” conceptuală a izotopiilor, pot funcționa ca strategii retorice și lexico-semantice prin care jurnalistul activează energiile afective ale receptorilor. Se creează astfel stări artificiale de neliniște, panică, anxietate. În timp, această operație, conduce, prin impactul repetiției obsesive, la consumul pasiv de reprezentări mediatice și stereotipuri culturale, de idei preconcepute.
GÖÇMEN SPORCU ÜZERİNE NİTEL BİR ARAŞTIRMA: HALİL MUTLU ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: Temel Ahmet , Mamak Hüdaverdi , Kangalgil Murat , Pepe Kadir
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırma, göç yoluyla Türkiye’ye yerleşmiş Olimpiyat şampiyonu halterci Halil Mutlu’nun sporculuk yılları ve sonrasında yaşadığı zorlukları belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmada nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden anlatı araştırması yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Araştırmada amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi seçilerek bizzat sporcu ile görüşülmüştür. Görüşmede yarı yapılandırılmış mülakat formu kullanılmıştır. Toplanan verilerin analizinde içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre “olumsuzluk, katkı, hedef, gençlere tavsiye” olarak dört tema tespit edilmiştir. Göçmen sporcu, Türkiye’ye geldiği ilk zamanlar ortam değişikliği, aileden ayrı kalma, yerli sporcuların mobingi gibi sebeplerden dolayı uyum sorunu yaşamış ve bu durumu spor içerisinde yer alarak atlatmıştır. Sporu bıraktıktan sonra ne yapacağı konusunda boşluğa düşmüş, bu durumu da yönetici olmak için verdiği uğraşlarla üstesinden gelmiştir. Ülkesine ve ülkesinin kendisine olumlu katkılar sunduğundan, sporculuk sonrası ülkesine hizmet vermek için alanı ile ilgili yönetici pozisyonunda görev almak istemektedir.
TERCİH SÜRECİNDEKİ ÜNİVERSİTE ADAYLARININ BELİRSİZLİĞE TAHAMMÜLSÜZLÜK VE BİLİŞSEL ESNEKLİK DÜZEYLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: Bayram Ferhat , Özkamalı Eyyüp , Çiftçi Saliha
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmada tercih sürecindeki üniversite adaylarının belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve bilişsel esneklik düzeylerinin demografik değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Veriler çevrimiçi ortamda 963 kadın 414 erkek olmak üzere toplamda 1377 kişiden toplanmıştır. Veriler, araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan kişisel bilgi formu, Sarı ve Dağ (2009) tarafından Türkiye kültürüne uyarlanan Belirsizliğe Tahammülsüzlük Ölçeği ve Gülüm ve Dağ (2012) tarafından hazırlanan Bilişsel Esneklik Ölçeği aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, SPSS 25.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) programı kullanılarak, ilişkisiz örneklemler için T- Testi, tek yönlü varyans analizi (One Way ANOVA) ve korelasyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, kız öğrencilerin belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük puan ortalamaları erkeklerden yüksek bulunmuş ve bilişsel esneklik puan ortalamaları cinsiyete göre farklılaşmamıştır. Sınava üç veya daha fazla giren adayların üçten az giren adaylara göre belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük düzeylerinin daha yüksek olduğu bulunmuş ve bilişsel esneklik düzeyleri açısından anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Belirsizliğe tahammülsüzlük ve bilişsel esneklik puan ortalamaları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı düzeyde negatif yönlü ilişki saptanmıştır. Araştırma bulguları alan yazın çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.
Fraktal and transdisciplinary approaches in the study of fundamental human relationships
Authors: Kovshov Evgeniy М.
Published: December 2020

The article compares the transdisciplinary and fractal approaches in the study of the fundamental human relations (to oneself, to the world, society, the Absolute). The methodology of both approaches proceeding from the general principles of postnonclassical rationality can be noticed in this analysis. The commonality of these approaches is presented in a new scientific direction energy-information medicine. In the study of these human relationships, the fractal approach can be interpreted as transdisciplinary in its extremely comprehensive version. The aim of the study is to clarify the and commonality and differences in both approaches. The author comes to a conclusion the fractal and transdisciplinary approaches can intersect and overlap depending on the content and specific circumstances in studies of extremely complex systems (flora, fauna, humans, society, etc.).
Social-philosophical aspects of educational online platform at the russian internet segment
Authors: Gerasimov Anton V.
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of online platforms focused on a modern teacher in the space of the Russian-language Internet. The aim of the article is to identify the most effective online platforms, the integrated use of which will significantly increase the degree of informatization and digitalization of the educational process adequate to the current state of information culture. Such resources make it possible to broadcast various kinds of structured information, demonstrate both the content of the educational activities of teachers and its creative component, transmit and receive information remotely, which meets the requirements of a developing information society. Empirical, structural-functional and structural-typological methods were used in the study. The technological component of distance learning determines a wide range of technical capabilities, a sufficient number of existing Internet resources, and at the same time, equipment of educational institutions, licensed software, and content uniqueness remain problematic. From the standpoint of social philosophy, it is concluded that in the developing information society, the Russian education sector is faced with a situation where domestic educational online resources are ahead of the average level of information culture of teachers with their capabilities.
Social contexts of music culture in the epoch of “current modernity”: from aleatoric to reflecting Shostakovich
Authors: Petinova Marina A.
Published: December 2020

The dynamic processes taking place in society encompass all the meridians of activity-based forms of culture, including art. The social optics of everyday life shows that today the conditions for the existence of institutions can suddenly change, leading to a change in the way a person exists, transforming his place and habitual forms of activity, leading to an unexpected change in perception, destroying established expectations and goals. Time in such a new social ontology loses its processuality and connectedness, turning into isolated moments, impulses. Creativity processes either freeze, giving way to states of obscurity, prostration, or go into the development of a new media reality, into the public sphere of the digital environment and social communication. The above-described properties of the modern social world have allowed Sigmund Bauman to metaphorically describe it as fluid modernity. But if the borders are fluid and pass everywhere (M. Bakhtin), then the global question arises of the place and position of culture and, in particular, art. Time in such a new social ontology loses its processuality and connectedness, turning into isolated moments, impulses. Creativity processes either freeze, giving way to states of obscurity, prostration, or go into the development of a new media reality, into the public sphere of the digital environment and social communication. The above-described properties of the modern social world have allowed Sigmund Bauman to metaphorically describe it as fluid modernity. But if the borders are fluid and pass everywhere (M. Bakhtin), then the global question arises of the place and position of culture and, in particular, art.

In the article, music as a form of culture is considered in relation to the social theory of Z. Bauman. And also mentioned D.D. Shostakovich in the context of the double meaning of his work.
On the issue of the existing counter — extremism and terrorism strategies
Authors: Tyurikov Vladimir E.
Published: December 2020

This article presents a review and a synthesis of basic strategies and approaches, which constitute the basis of modern strategies for combating extremist and terrorist threats or their prevention. The approaches to the matter are defined, and their social consequences are considered. It summarizes the issues, concerning prior aspects of counter-terrorism strategies, which should be taken into consideration. It also presents some critical expert views whether any universal foundations for counter-terrorism strategies could be found. The author pays attention to the existing general difficulties at this scientific field, which directly affect the studys success. It focuses on the importance of careful approach to the issue from both by the general public and policy makers.
The continuity of the byzantine church tradition in Russian book culture
Authors: Afanasevsky Vadim L.
Published: December 2020

The article attempts to outline the trend of Russian scribes to perceive the Byzantine Church tradition. The author also builds a view that the movement goes from anticipating the inheritance of the traditions of the Christian Byzantine Church and statehood to the process of direct perception of the Byzantine Church state power and authority by the Russian Church. The Byzantine theologians interpreted the split of Christianity as the appearance, along with the true Orthodox Church of the Western Church, in which a person was the individual desacralization. After the fall of Byzantium, it was the destined Russian Orthodox Church that acted as the guardian of the canonical and dogmatic tradition of true Orthodoxy. And, first of all, this was expressed in the continuity of the tradition integrity of the spiritual and secular authorities. The author considers the way of expressing these processes in the theological and political treatises of the aborning Russian book tradition, which gave rise to the formation of a specific Russian ideocratic project. The ideology of Moscow as the Third Rome, launched by Russian scribes, became possible due to the fact that Orthodox Russia has assumed the most important sacred mission.
Runaway beauty as a cultural reality and empatic experience
Authors: Ionesov Vladimir I. , Sloeva Elena A.
Published: December 2020

The aesthetic foundations of culture are in the constant focus not only of humanitarian knowledge, but also serve as an actual subject of interdisciplinary research. The article argues the view of beauty as an imperative of culture and the experience of aestheticе trial. Beauty understanding is not shown to consist of the punctual detailing of beauty. The beauty of the object is higher than the object itself the beauty is a specific cultural phenomenon. Gaining the freedom through the beauty, a person restores his lost connection with nature and expands the boundaries of his being, his desires and opportunities. In beauty, the world is filled with meaning and assembled in harmony. Beauty has always remained a desirable, but elusive phenomenon for a person. In the aesthetic imagination of the drama of being, human nature finds the ability to overcome unbearable pain from its anthropological insufficiency and ontological alienation from the world that surrounds it and which it creates.
Neoplastic potential for malformations of the development of ecto- and mesodermal structures
Authors: Tsotsonava Zhuzhuna M. , Belopasov Vladimir V. , Tkacheva Natal’ya V.
Published: December 2020

Introduction.Malformations of ecto- and mesodermal structures represent various forms of abnormality of intrauterine systemic and local morphogenesis, arising at different times of embryonic development due to environmental factors, genomic, chromosomal or gene mutations. Dysregulation of cellular functions due to mutations and accumulation of defective proteins initiates tumor transformation of tissues e.g. hereditary diseases of ectomesodermal origin phakomatosis (hamartomatosis).
The aim of the studywas to determine organ specificity, clinical manifestations, morphological features and the degree of progression of tumors of the nervous system and internal organs in hereditary diseases of ectomesodermal origin.
Materials and methods.103 patients with hereditary phakomatosis were examined. All of them underwent a comprehensive clinical imaging examination, including magnetic resonance imaging, echocardioscopy, ultrasound examination of the abdominal organs, kidneys, retroperitoneal space, and computed tomography of the abdominal cavity and lungs.
Results.The reason for the treatment of patients was the occurrence of focal neurological symptoms, focal and/or generalized epileptic seizures. Clinical manifestations were determined by the form of the disease. The risk of the development and progression of various neoplasms is the highest in neurofibromatosis type III, tuberous sclerosis, neurocutaneous melanosis, multiple endocrine neoplasia, angiomatosis of HippelLindau, Louis-Bar . Favorable benign and stable course, low malignant potential are distinguishing characteristics of pigment-vascular phakomatoses type IV.
Conclusion.Knowledge of the clinical manifestations of various malformations of the skin, blood vessels, and the nervous system associated with tumor growth in cells and tissues is practically significant. Early diagnosis and the use of modern technologies of conservative and surgical treatment allow achieving a predictable result, prevent the development of severe complications, and significantly improve the quality of life of patients with this pathology.
The use of shoe type «squeakers» in children with idiopathic transient toe walking
Authors: Kenis Vladimir M. , Khusainov Nikita O.
Published: December 2020

Introduction.Transient toe walking is a common benign condition in young children. Nevertheless, it leads to parents concern and becomes a frequent reason for visits to orthopaedists.
Aim:apreliminary assessment of the effectiveness of squeakers shoes for optimizing of gait in children with transient idiopathic toe walking.
Material and methods.A prospective study of 24 children (mean age: 21.4 months) which are under surveillance in outpatient clinics for toe walking as the main complaint. Children supplied free of charge with squeakers shoes. Parents filled questionnaires 1 month after the usage of these shoes.
Results.Positive changes in gait (normalization or improvements) were reported in the majority (22 from 24) children. More than half of parents noticed normal gait in regular shoes and one third barefoot. No deterioration has been observed.
Discussion.We conducted a preliminary study assessing the effectiveness of modified shoes (squeakers) in children with transient idiopathic toe walking. Most of the parents reported improvements in walking. As a potential mechanism, we suggest positive biofeedback with the recruiting of the sensory (audial) pathway.
Conclusion.Based on our study we can recommend squeakers for children with transient idiopathic toe walking demonstrating delayed spontaneous improvement.
Music therapy: auxiliary method of habilitation in infants with perinatal pathology during the first months of life
Authors: Bombardirova Elena P. , Basargina Milana A. , Kharitonova Natalia A. , Mitish Mariya D.
Published: December 2020

A review of the literature presents the history of the use of music therapy in the treatment of a variety of diseases, both in adult clinical practice and in neonatology and pediatrics; there are described various musical and therapeutic programs considered as a part of complex, specially developed, methods of non-drug rehabilitation, with the presentation of indications and contraindications for this type of therapy in newborns and infants; possible neurophysiological justifications for the use of melodic and rhythmic support of infants with perinatal pathology are presented, as well as the prospects of using music therapy in the practice of nursing newborns, including premature babies, suffering from combined perinatal pathology, in the structure of restorative treatment (habilitation) of children, as an auxiliary method that mildly potentiates the effects of the main methods: physical and medicinal. Currently, in the leading perinatal centers of the country, the opportunity is being created for babies to listen to music as part of multi-sensory developmental care. Specially processed short fragments of instrumental and vocal works by V. Mozart are used in recording, fragments of works of other classical composers, singing lullabies and folk songs performed by his mother. The reliable potentiating effect of musical therapy on adaptation responses of the immature nervous system is established, the connection of enrichment of the external environment with long-term outcomes of the perinatal lesion is discussed. The combination of tactile kangaroo stimulation with the vocal influence of the mother has been proved to have a greater effect than the use of musical fragments in recording, and a strictly individual approach is needed to use music therapy in premature immature infants to avoid undesirable consequences.