bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Non-Technical Risks on Project Schedule Overrun: The Perspective of Upstream Gas Projects in Australia
Authors: Basak Munmun , Coffey Vaughan , Perrons Robert K.
Published: April 2019

The complexities of non-technical risks (NTRs) continue to pose serious threats throughout the lifecycle of hydrocarbon projects. Existing studies emphasise mainly internal organisational and operational issues, with a limited focus on factors in the external environment (where NTRs are frequently found). To shine light on this increasingly important topic, this paper provides insight into the complex relationship between NTRs and schedule overruns, and puts forward a ranked list identifying the NTRs that have had the most significant impact on delays in upstream gas projects in Australia.

Data was gathered through an extensive literature review, interviews with industry experts, and a survey to identify relevant NTRs. From these data sources, a predictive model was developed for assessing the impact of NTRs on upstream gas project delays. The survey was circulated among participants directly involved in offshore and onshore (particularly the upstream stage) gas projects, who were requested to indicate via five-point Likert scale the frequency of occurrence and severity of each NTR.

We identified 18 NTRs categorised into the political and regulatory risks, economic/financial risks, social risks, and environmental risks that cause severe challenges in upstream gas projects. The findings reveal that, overall, 78% of participants believed that NTRs cause more severe delays in the upstream stage than in the mid- and downstream stages of gas projects in Australia. Roughly 39% of respondents from the offshore group mentioned that environmental issues were more significant, whereas for onshore projects, social risks were considered dominant. Our analysis shows the relative criticality of NTRs. The top five critical NTRs causing major delays were found to be ‘fluctuations in oil prices’, ‘difficulty in obtaining land/access right’, ‘delay in approval from regulatory bodies’, ‘socio-cultural issues’, and ‘environmental restrictions’. Spearman’s rank correlation test was used to show a high degree of agreement between offshore and onshore project participants in their perceptions about the relative criticality of different NTRs. Factor analysis was applied to examine the clustering effects among NTRs, and multivariate regression modelling assisted in deriving a predictive model to forecast the influence of NTRs on project delays.

Identifying and prioritising critical NTRs that interplay within the project environment, and thereby delay project execution, will increase stakeholder confidence, build trust and integrity, and improve transparency. In this way, this study will help practitioners and decision-makers to anticipate potential delays, and enable them to plan accordingly to minimise their effects on capital project delivery.
Experimental and Numerical Studies on the Drift Velocity of Two-Phase Gas and High-Viscosity-Liquid Slug Flow in Pipelines
Authors: Eghorieta Raymond A. , Pugliese Victor , Panacharoensawad Ekarit
Published: April 2019

Objectives/Scope

Drift velocity for two-phase air and high viscosity oil has been studies in depth, in this research. The drift velocity is one of the key parameters used in the prediction of gas-liquid two-phase flow hydrodynamic behavior. Improvement on the drift velocity closure relationship allows a better design for pipelines and wellbores system that experience two-phase flow phenomena.

Methods, Procedures, Process

Researchers have relied on empirical correlations as a means to predict the drift velocity. These empirical correlations have been limited to the flow of gas and low viscosity (20 cp and lower) liquid. In this study, the effect of drift velocity on gas and high viscosity two-phase flow in pipelines have been investigated. Drift velocity experiments and numerical calculation were carefully performed. A well-designed 1.5-in internal diameter flow loop facility with the capability of pressure drop and liquid holdup measurement was used for this drift flux velocity measurement. Various computational intensive simulations for drift velocities have been performed.

Results, Observations, Conclusions

A new empirical correlation was developed for the prediction of the drift velocity in horizontal and near horizontal pipelines. The effects of inclination and pipe diameters have been accounted for in the new correlation which increase its range of applicability.

Novel/Additive Information

The correlation was validated and compared with other existing drift velocity correlations and experimental data. The new closure relationship allows a significant improvement on the pressure drop prediction for the cases of two-phase gas and high-viscosity-liquid flow in pipe. This enable the transient calculation for subsea pipeline transporting gas and high-viscosity oil by using a drift flux model.
Advances and Methods in Using, Analyzing, and Interpreting Data in Near and Subsurface Archaeological Contexts
Authors: Swanson Eric Alexander
Published: April 2019

The objective of this paper is to investigate and discuss the increased capability of technology in detecting archaeological sites in a submerged environment. The paper will discuss the dynamic methods using dynamic sonars and magnetometers and how these data are analyzed and interpreted.

Advances in sonar technology have allowed for more advanced archaeological analytical capabilities. New sub-bottom profiling techniques and analytical capabilities are broadening the resolution in which discreet objects and features can be defined in the sub-surface. Advances in magnetometer processing has also allowed for an advancement in the capability for detecting small magnetic anomalies at depth and creating larger comprehensive profiles of near-surface archaeological materials. Utilizing new processing techniques in conjunction with these technologies opens the door to interpretive methods that can aid archaeologists in identifying potential archaeological sites and can help refine the process of protecting or researching these sites.

The ongoing work of imaging the near-surface Pleistocene boundary within the North American continental shelf has allowed for higher resolution analysis of natural levee formations with the use of dynamic sonar configurations. The increased use of multiple magnetometer arrays and gradiometric sensing of magnetic changes in these same areas can lead research in the direction of refining models in detecting or predicting possible archaeological materials that could date earlier than previously discovered human occupation sites. By illustrating the capabilities of these technologies and how they are used, archaeologists can now refine models and expand the search and protection of cultural resources with refined precision. This refined precision can aid in determining a potentially reduced impact of these areas from development activities. Current models image the avoidance area for archaeological sites based on large structural components of the subsurface that can now potentially be narrowed and better pinpointed.

With new survey methods and practices, hazard analyses can improve significantly while also benefitting efforts to understand archaeological landscapes across the North American continent. This paper poses a challenge for archaeologists to utilize and maximize their technological expertise, processing, and analytical capabilities. The paper also introduces the proposal that all marine operators should also consider the benefit of optimizing their survey strategies when approaching development while offshore. As technology continues to develop and offer new methods and higher resolution of the world, all parties can benefit by using the best options capable of bringing data into the next century while keeping up with global science and competition.
Developing Industry Guidelines for the CFD-Based Evaluation of Wind Load on Offshore Floating Facilities
Authors: Kim Jang Whan , Jang Hyunchul , Shen Zhi-Rong , Yeon Seongmo
Published: April 2019

This paper summarizes an on-going effort by SNAME OC-8 CFD Task Force to provide guidelines on wind-load estimation by CFD simulation. The intention of the guidelines is to help the industry to obtain reliable and accurate estimations of wind load on offshore floating facilities using CFD technology, for the purposes of stability, global-performance and mooring analyses. The starting point of the guidelines is CFD modeling practices collectively developed by ten participants of the Task Force. Blind validation of the wind loads from CFD simulations has been made for a semisubmersible with simplified topsides geometry. Comparison of the wind loads from independent CFD simulations from the participants confirmed that CFD can provide reliable and accurate wind load with fewer uncertainties in the simulation (or test) set up than wind-tunnel testing. A roadmap to develop the guidelines based on the CFD modeling practices is proposed.
Efficient Design and Execution of Site Investigations for Offshore Wind Farms: Learning from Experience
Authors: Pearce Sean Daniel , Kilsby Christopher , King Felix Jonathon , Jones Lewis
Published: April 2019

This paper demonstrates how a phased site investigation approach complements the design process for offshore wind farms. Examples are given showing how three-dimensional (3D) engineering ground models and real-time data analysis have been utilized by integrated project teams to maximize efficiencies, achieve cost and program savings, and reduce risk.

In general, the aim of a site investigation should be to ensure that: Sufficient ground data is obtained for design, certification, and construction;Data collected is fit for purpose and fully integrated; andA comprehensive interpretation can be carried out with consideration of engineering design and construction requirements.

In the authors’ experience, offshore site investigations are most effective when a ‘geoteam’ (an integrated team of ground specialists including geologists, geotechnical engineers, geophysicists, and others) is assembled at an early stage in the project and carries out early optioneering studies followed by scoping, supervision, and interpretation of a phased site investigation program. Crucially, the geoteam must be able to read and communicate the ground from a designer's perspective and appreciate the Client's constraints and requirements. If they do this effectively, the geoteam will be able to scope a more efficient, targeted site investigation, and provide almost live updates to the engineering ground model. The model can in turn be used to inform real-time decisions being made by the developer, their offshore site investigation representative (Client Representative), and the wind farm's designer.

Consideration of the 3D ground conditions is paramount and should always be combined with an appreciation of the site's geological history and earth surface processes to assess how geological variability and ground hazards may affect design. This will provide strong justification for the scope of site investigation works.

While the UK and European wind farm market is maturing, with the first offshore wind farm in the UK constructed in the year 2000, the US market is currently in a period of rapid early development. Drawing on considerable experience gained from work in the UK and Europe, the authors present a designer's perspective of site investigation, describing lessons learnt from the scoping, execution, and interpretation of numerous site investigations for offshore wind farms.
Four Years of Metocean Support to the Shell Stones Field: From Asset Integrity to Collaborative Research
Authors: Ogle Marcus T. , Smith Rosemary , Williams Benjamin , Schiller Rafael , Perry Ruth , Leung Pak , DiMarco Steven F. , Howden Stephan
Published: April 2019

Fugro was contracted in 2014 by Shell to provide a Fugro Wavescan Buoy system to support the life of field of the Stones development in the Gulf of Mexico. The companies have worked together to expand the monitoring system of the Shell Alcyone buoy system from a tool designed to satisfying regulatory compliance into a scientific platform for deep ocean research. In 2018, Fugro was contracted by the National Academies Gulf Research Program to expand the real-time monitoring of currents below the required 1000 meters to the full water depth of 2950 meters. Shell and Fugro invited universities and non-governmental partners to utilize the Alcyone buoy as a platform to make additional measurements varying from marine life monitoring to deep water column temperature readings to characterize thermocline variability.

Fugro's metocean support to the development of the Shell Stones field started with the installation of a moored buoy system prior to the arrival of the FPSO Turritella and has grown to provide an abundance of unique metocean data. The objective of this paper is to discuss the evolution of a metocean buoy originally designed for NTL compliance, into a collaborative platform for research, development and innovation between the Industry, Academia and Research. Among hurricane data, interesting metocean features captured in the data such as the Loop Current activity and Topographical Rossby Waves are presented.

Since its deployment in January 2015, the Shell Alcyone buoy is evolving into a pioneer platform for asset integrity, metocean monitoring and scientific collaboration. Fugro and Shell's partnership is looking to well beyond 2025 and both parties will continue to strive to learn as much as possible utilizing this unique opportunity and platform.
Measuring Flow in Pipelines via FBG and DAS Fiber Optic Sensors
Authors: Alfataierge Ezzedeen , Dyaur Nikolay , Stewart Robert R.
Published: April 2019

An investigation is made into the use of a fiber optic sensing system for monitoring and measuring fluid flow in pipes. This is done using two fiber optics sensing systems, a Distributed Acoustic Sensing "DAS" system and a Fiber Bragg Grating "FBG" system. A laboratory setup is used to conduct these tests and the setup is structured to simulate an offshore environment. The laboratory setup consists of a water reservoir that flows water through PVC pipes into a tank, fibers are attached to the pipes, and a flow meter is used to measure the flow rates. From the conducted flow experiments, a relationship between flow rates, DAS amplitudes, and FBG wavelength shifts is built.

This paper presents the response of fiber optic sensing systems to flow experiments that were conducted with various flow rates, and simulated leak tests with and without flow. The results are used to establish a relationship between the fiber optic response and flow variation, to develop a method of measuring flow rates via the fiber optic systems. Such that any pipes equipped with fiber optics could be used to measure approximate flow rates.

This study finds a strong correlation between the fiber optic sensing systems measurements and measured flow rates. In the FBG system, flow was found to have two influences on the FBG measurement; an increase in flow shows an increase in the FBG sensor wavelength, also, the turbulence of flow was found to be proportional to the amount of fluctuations in the FBG measurements. Such that wavelength shifts of up to 120 picometers are visible for an average flow rate of 27±0.1 Gal/min. With the DAS system, the amplitude response shows a stronger relationship to the turbulence of flow rather than the average flow rate. Such that the highest amplitude response during a flow test would always correspond to the flow valve being half open (which was found to be the most turbulent flow).

In conclusion, this study indicates that fiber optic sensing systems can be used on pipelines and well casing to monitor and measure flow. Additionally, it demonstrates that taping the sensors on the pipe is enough to capture the signal produced by fluid flow in a pipe. The relationship provided between the FBG measurements and flow rates can be used to compute approximated flow rates when using an FBG sensing system to monitor flow.
Experimental Measurement of Touchdown Zone Stiffness for SCR in Gulf of Mexico Clay
Authors: Al-Janabi Husham A. , Aubeny Charles P. , Chen Jinbo , Luo Meng
Published: April 2019

The location near the touchdown zone (TDZ) of a Steel Catenary Riser (SCR) onto the seabed is a primary "hot spot" for fatigue-assessment, with seabed stiffness having a major influence on the predicted fatigue life. This paper presents the results of laboratory model tests evaluating the effects of cyclic loading, loading rate, load amplitude, riser embedment depth and consolidation on the vertical stiffness of the soil supporting the riser in the TDZ.

Monotonic and cyclic model tests using single gravity, displacement-controlled laboratory model tests of soil stiffness were conducted. All tests used high plasticity Gulf of Mexico clay with undrained shear strength corresponding to typical normally consolidated conditions. A test program was developed to evaluate: (1) rate effects for monotonic and cyclic loading, (2) vertical stiffness for displacement amplitudes ranging from 0.02-0.05 D (where D = riser outer diameter), (3) soil stiffness degradation with increasing in the number of cycles, (4) stiffness recovery during rest periods, and (5) stiffness recovery under prolonged cyclic loading.

The results show that the cyclic resistance during a shallow embedment, 0.5 D, and large amplitude-cycles, 0.05 D, drops significantly during the first few cycles in the displacement-controlled cyclic loading. The resistance will continue to drop and approaches zero after about one hundred cycles for both the penetration and the extraction resistance. By contrast, for small amplitude-cycles, 2% D, soil resistance degrades during the first few cycles, but reaches an apparent steady state at larger cycles. After the pause periods, ranging from 1 to 13 hours, and after each series of 100 cycle parcels, the vertical displacements occurring during consolidation were recorded. Consolidation following rest periods leads to a short-term increase in the soil secant stiffness, which quickly declines to pre-rest period levels after the resumption of cyclic loading. However, under prolonged cyclic loading the soil stiffness gradually trends upward.

The test program adds to the database evaluating the influence of the major variables (displacement magnitude, embedment depth, etc.) affecting soil stiffness for SCR fatigue-assessment. Additionally, it presents new results on stiffness recovery during rest periods, stiffness reduction after resumed cyclic loading, and gradual gains in stiffness under prolonged cyclic loading. The findings on stiffness recovery are particularly important, as this has been a major source of uncertainty in prior investigations.
Protection of Critical Oil and Gas Infrastructure via the Skilful Prediction of Coastal Erosion at Short Lead Times
Authors: Steele Edward , Davidson Mark , Saulter Andrew , Fournier Nicolas , Upton Jon
Published: April 2019

Accurate forecasts of coastal erosion are essential for the effective management (operation and protection) of critical infrastructure such as gas terminals and shallow-buried nearshore pipelines, preventing the costly losses of production associated with storm damage or exposure. Traditionally, these predictions were the preserve of computationally-expensive, morphodynamic simulations of the three-dimensional structure of the beach surface, however recent developments in reduced-complexity ‘equilibrium’ models have been shown to skilfully hindcast coastal change in cross-shore and long-shore transport dominated environments more accurately, over much longer time-scales. The simplicity and stability of these models – expressed as a function of the incident wave power and the relative equilibrium in dimensionless fall velocity – make them particularly appropriate for assessing the current ‘health’ of the coastline in actionable terms, while unlocking their potential use in forecast mode. Here, we present such a system, forced by data from the Met Office Wave Ensemble Prediction System, capable of providing real-time probabilistic forecasts of important coastal indices (e.g. beach volume and shoreline position) out to seven days ahead. The system is calibrated using an extended Kalman Filter and becomes more accurate over time as it assimilates more observational measurements. Once calibrated, tests on unseen data from the University of Plymouth coastal monitoring station at Perranporth, UK, during Winter 2017/18 confirm it can accurately predict the impact of an extreme storm sequence on coastal erosion and subsequent recovery. This promises the potential for a new coastal management tool, able to be applied to other vulnerable locations.
Research on Ocean Wave Spectrum and Parameter Statistics in the Northern South China Sea
Authors: Xie Botao , Ren Xuhe , Jia Xu , Li Zhigang
Published: April 2019

Environmental processes are random in nature and represent a necessary input for evaluation of environmental loads. Accurate estimates of wave parameters are becoming increasingly important for the floating platform design in South China Sea (SCS). This paper is organized as follows. To begin with, we provided a brief introduction on the measuring instrument and field data. Then, seven types of ocean wave spectrum models were compared by with the observed data. The result of calculation showed that the JONSWAP spectrum had a good precision and a wide suitability under various sea states in SCS. Next, the peak enhancement factors of JONSWAP were calculated. In order to evaluate the evolution of peak enhancement factor under typhoon condition, the observed data at different water depths were analyzed. Subsequently, the non-dimensional wave spectrums spectra under the specific wind grade were proposed and the results can provide reference for offshore operations. The ratios between maximum wave height (Hmax) and significant wave height (Hs) were determined finally. The research results about for the characteristics of a wave had been used in the engineering design for several projects in China.
Internal Ketone Sulfonate : A New Bio-Sourced Surfactant for Chemical EOR in Sea Water
Authors: Company Roberto , Tay Astrid , Mouret Aurelie , Mascle Matthieu
Published: April 2019

Surfactant Chemical EOR is a proven technology to increase oil recovery with several successful field trials. Offshore trials are less frequent due to the complexity of operations and also because of the limited availability of suitable chemicals adapted to sea water. For using classic anionic surfactants offshore, pretreatment of the water for reducing salinity or the use of alkali are required. In either case an additional unit has to be added to the platform, raising the price of oil production. The structure of the surfactant can be modified for sea water, using ethylene/propylene/butylene and their derivatives to prepare surfactants that are branched and sometimes extended. However sourcing can be an issue due to limitations on production sites. Internal Ketone Sulfonates (IKS) are new bio-sourced surfactants particularly suitable for chemical EOR in sea water. They are a good alternative to petro-derived chemicals with improved raw material availability and carbon footprint. Solubility is proved for TDS higher than 48g/L TDS in synthetic sea water. Phase behavior and low interfacial tensions were evaluated with classical Winsor analysis. Interfacial tension of 3.5*10−4 mN/m between the IKS formulation and dodecane was reached at the optimal salinity of 31 g/L TDS (R+=0.13) for a temperature of 60°C. The formulation was tested for oil recovery under dynamic porous media conditions and allowed to recover RF = 99% (+/-1.7%) after water flood.
Polymer Mooring Component for Offshore Renewable Energy
Authors: McEvoy Paul , Johnston Eve
Published: April 2019

The paper presents a cost benefit analysis of using polymer mooring components in the mooring system design of the Maine Aqua Ventus I (MAV1) floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT) project. Polymer components in mooring lines can offer new mooring system responses, which can be tailored to the needs of challenging mooring systems. For FOWT deployments these can deliver mooring system responsiveness at the thrust loads of the turbine, despite the high background mooring loads. MAV1 will deploy two 6MW floating offshore wind turbines off the coast of Maine and this paper compares the existing mooring system design against a polymer mooring component solution, undertaking dynamic analysis of the mooring systems across multiple sea states (including ultimate limit states, fatigue limit states and accidental limit states). The Aqua Ventus platform is modelled in Orcaflex, with multiple mooring system designs containing different polymer component responses modelled and contrasted. Results are analyzed and load analysis data used to undertake a cost benefit analysis. Cost reductions are shown across the mooring system (anchors, lines, connectors), as well as the platform and tower structures. Fatigue analysis is undertaken using a Rainflow analysis of the sea states to be experienced by the platform over its life, for both the existing and the polymer mooring configurations.

Polymer mooring components which can be used throughout the renewable energy and offshore industries to manage mooring loads, and are capable of mooring any sized platform, in any challenging conditions. While the specific components modelled in this work are targeted at FOWT or tidal platforms with novel stress-strain response curves designed to suit the high background thrust load conditions, other component responses are available to deliver design load and fatigue reductions on existing catenary or TLP moored platforms. Components can be easily retrofitted into existing mooring lines or deployed in new lines.

Using polymer mooring components can dramatically reduce the peak loads experienced by the platform. Previous work has looked at an OC4 FOWT model in hypothetic conditions, whereas the current paper presents new work related to a real US FOWT deployment. The paper demonstrates that >50% reductions in design loads are possible. Cyclic loads are also substantially reduced, resulting in >60% reduction in wave induced fatigue in extreme sea states. This results in operational and maintenance cost savings.

The patented mooring components have been developed initially for aquaculture and wave energy applications and have now been scaled to the MN loads required by the FOWT and offshore industries. Components are certified to relevant standards and delivered to projects globally.
Petrophysical Evaluation of Gas-Hydrate Formations in National Gas Hydrates Programme Expedition 02 in India
Authors: Mondal Sikha Rani , Chopra K K
Published: April 2019

Gas hydrates are naturally-occurring crystalline inclusion compounds. They comprise compressed molecules of gas (usually methane) that are ‘lodged’ within a solid lattice of water molecules. For this reason, the gas molecules are called ‘guests’ and the water molecules are called ‘hosts’. Gas hydrates form where there are sources of water and methane under favorable thermodynamic conditions of relatively high pressure and low temperature.

Objective of the study is to evaluate Petrophysical Properties from drilled well of NGHP expedition 2 for Gas Hydrate. To identify different hydrate formation and estimation of hydrate saturation.

The Work flow to estimate Petrophysical properties is guided by the high resistivity, low transit time and low density. It includes evaluation of different overlays and cross plots of wells like picket plot to firm up different parameters. Porosity is measured by density log, water saturation using Archie's equation; gas hydrate saturation using DMR method and its validation for the results obtained from Pressure core.

Electrical resistivity and acoustic travel time mainly used to identify potential Gas Hydrate zones with overlay technique from density porosity and acoustic travel time and other density porosity with total NMR porosity, along with resistivity log are used for identifying potential Gas Hydrate zones in this study. Porosity estimated from density log is used for calculation Hydrate saturation. Gas Hydrate saturation is estimated using standard Archie's equation and Density Magnetic Resonance (DMR) method. Wherever NMR log data is good, saturation estimated from both are in good agreement. Log derived Gas Hydrate saturation are compared and validated with Gas Hydrate saturation obtained from pressure cores. Very good Gas Hydrate saturated zones are observed above BSR in 21 wells in the range of 40-90%. Out of these 21 wells, 16 wells are also having Gas Hydrate saturation in the range of 30-50%. Good Gas Hydrate saturation wells are mainly in area B and C in KG deep water Basin. This study will be very useful in preparation of Geological model for estimation of Gas Hydrate reservesaccurately. This study will also help in NGHP-3 for identifying suitable sites to carry out pilot production testing of Gas Hydrates.
Optimize Safety and Profitability by Use of the ISO 14224 Standard and Big Data Analytics
Authors: Ciliberti Vito Anthony , Østebø Runar , Selvik Jon Tømmerås , Alhanati Francisco J. S.
Published: April 2019

This paper shows how the ISO 14224 standard, enterprise resource planning (ERP) software, and Big Data Analytics can be used to optimize safety and profitability in oil and gas, renewable energy, and in other asset-intensive industries. It also presents a logical approach for prioritizing application of digital capabilities for assets (e.g. equipment, systems and installations).

ISO 14224 promulgates a standard data structure for collection and exchange of reliability and maintenance data for equipment. This data structure also can be used effectively to document failure scenarios for operating facilities. When equipment reliability and maintenance (RM) data and failure scenarios are recorded as relational data in ERP software, they can be combined with other enterprise data and digital field data to give a real-time status for each risk control. Individual scenario risk can then be easily aggregated to present real-time risk status for global operations or any subset thereof. This helps companies set priorities based on their bottom-line: HSE, production throughput, and profitability.

Operating and producing companies have already completed risk assessments as part of operational preparedness/readiness for new facilities, in which equipment and system failure scenarios are included in various ways. These risk datasets typically require reformatting to make them relational, which is done by explicitly identifying equipment and risk control measures by their unique identifiers and by defining evaluation criteria for risk control measures. ERP data need to be made object-specific, e.g. inspection results and malfunction data should be recorded explicitly by technical tag. Reliability and Maintenance data quality management practices are a key consideration.

Additional topics pertaining to compliant use of ISO 14224 standards for risk management include its roles in (1) technology development and technology qualification, (2) improving design and condition monitoring for equipment by use of operational and failure data, with an example given for electric submersible pump (ESP) systems, and (3) improving equipment RM data quality and thus enabling better risk awareness and data-driven decision-making.

This paper will show how the international standard ISO 14224 can be applied in conjunction with digital technology and enterprise software to give oil and gas companies a global real real-time view of operational risk and a risk-based approach to optimizing safety and profitability.
Overview of the Revised Guidelines for Wind Tunnel Testing of Offshore Units
Authors: Martinez Jorge Lozano
Published: April 2019

The paper presents an overview of the revised guidelines at their current stage of the revision process. The paper starts with the steps of the revision which have been completed and an outline of future work required before completion. The paper finishes with the overview of revised guidelines and highlights for major updates and changes.

The original guidelines had minimum history and experience behind them, and therefore presented generalized terminology and methodology. The 30 years of history and experience since the original publishing provides a background for the new revision. The revised guidelines provide tighter tolerances, specific nomenclature and methodology that produce consistent and repeatable results at different/multiple facilities and time frames. The revision also includes uncertainty analysis to assess the results which vary for all model and facilities.

The initial draft based on the original T&R Bulletin 5-4 (1988) has been edited with comments from both the OC-8 SNAME committee and outside experts (including wind tunnel facilities) several times in the past three years. The overview of the guidelines presents the requirements for a successful test, methodology behind the wind tunnel test parameters, the standardization of axis definition and nomenclature. Wind Tunnel tests results reporting requirements are provided to produce a complete record of the test, the requirements, the methodology used and data presentation.

The revised guidelines provide the background and methodology for wind tunnel facilities to produce consistent and repeatable results, including uncertainties and error bands. Standardization for the nomenclature and reporting for wind tunnel results provides both with tunnel facilities and clients a common language to lower the learning curves and increase understanding of the results.
Integrity Management Process of Tension Leg Platforms
Authors: Sheppard Robert , Spong Robert , Sauls Marilyn , Hosch Peter , Danaczko Mark , Puskar Frank , Leverette Steve
Published: April 2019

As the Gulf of Mexico (GOM) fleet of Tension Leg Platforms (TLPs) ages, the need for more explicit Integrity Management (IM) and life extension guidance, particularly for the tendons, has grown. Recent industry efforts have developed Structural Integrity Management (SIM) guidance for fixed and floating systems, but tendon-specific guidance is less detailed. The Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement commissioned the study described in this paper to develop this guidance including providing greater definition of IM and life extension processes for tendon systems, and describing an approach for demonstrating the reliability of tendon systems subjected to fatigue degradation.

Four primary objectives are addressed: 1) tendon IM, 2) tendon life extension, 3) tendon fatigue, and 4) tendon component post-service testing. These topics were addressed through the input of subject matter experts, interfacing with TLP operators, and developing analytical tools. The study looked at current industry practice for the design and management of tendon systems; how current SIM approaches can be applied to the unique features of TLP tendons; what are the critical features of tendons to be addressed as part of a life extension program; tendon fatigue factors of safety; how reliability approaches can be used to better define risks related to operating beyond the original service life; and how forensic testing of recovered tendon components can be used to gain a better understanding of tendon performance expectations.
Акустические и мелководные волны с нерегулярной диссипацией
Authors: Muñoz Juan Carlos , Ruzhanskii Mikhail Vladimirovich , Tokmagambetov Niyaz
Published: April 2019

В данной работе изучаются вопросы, связанные с «очень слабым» решением физических моделей распространения акустических волн и волн на мелководье с сингулярной диссипацией.
Мы показываем существование нового типа решений. Более того, доказана теорема единственности «очень слабого» решения поставленной задачи. Наконец, можно сказать о согласованности «очень слабого» решения с классическим в соответствующем смысле, если последнее существует.
К распределению нулевых множеств голоморфных функций. III. Теоремы обращения
Authors: Khabibullin Bulat Nurmievich , Khabibullin Farkhat Bulatovich
Published: April 2019

Пусть $M$ - субгармоническая функции в области $D\subset \mathbb C^n$ с мерой Рисса $\nu_M$, ${\mathsf Z}\subset D$. Как было показано в первой из предшествующих статей, если существует голоморфная функция $f\neq 0$ в $D$, $f({\mathsf Z})=0$, $|f|\leq \exp M$ на $D$, то имеет место некоторая шкала интегральных равномерных оценок сверху распределения множества $\mathsf Z$ через $\nu_M$. В настоящей статье показано, что при $n=1$ этот результат «почти обратим». Из такой шкалы оценок распределения точек последовательности
${\mathsf Z}:=\{{\mathsf z}_k \}_{k=1,2,…\subset D\subset \mathbb C$ через $\nu_M$ следует, что существует ненулевая голоморфной функции $f$ в $D$, $f(\mathsf Z)=0$, $|f|\leq \exp M^{\uparrow}$ на $D$, где функция $M^{\uparrow}\geq M$ на $D$ строится через усреднения функции $M $ по быстро сужающимся кругам при приближении к границе области $D$ с некоторой возможной аддитивной логарифмической добавкой, связанной со скоростью сужения этих кругов.
О голоморфных реализациях нильпотентных алгебр Ли
Authors: Akopyan Ripsimе Sеrgoеvna , Loboda Alexandr Vasil'evich
Published: April 2019

Изучаются реализации пятимерных алгебр Ли в виде алгебр голоморфных векторных полей на однородных вещественных гиперповерхностях трехмерного комплексного пространства. В задаче описания таких многообразий интерес представляют (после уже полученных результатов) невырожденные по Леви гиперповерхности именно с 5-мерными алгебрами Ли. Показано, что только две из имеющихся девяти различных нильпотентных алгебр Ли допускают реализации, связанные с такими многообразиями, а соответствующие этим исключительным алгебрам многообразия являются стандартными квадриками.
Топологически плоские банаховы модули
Authors: Nemesh Norbert Tiborovich
Published: April 2019

В работе дано несколько необходимых условий топологической плоскости банаховых модулей. Основной результат звучит следующим образом: банахов модуль над относительно аменабельной банаховой алгеброй, топологически плоский как банахово пространство, является топологически плоским как банахов модуль. В заключение мы рассматриваем примеры топологически плоских модулей анализа.
Асимптотика разбиения куба на симплексы Вейля и кодирование схемы Бернулли
Authors: Vershik Anatolii Moiseevich
Published: April 2019

В работе предлагается комбинаторный способ кодирования непрерывных символических динамических систем. Континуальное фазовое пространство - бесконечномерный куб - преобразуется в пространства путей некоторого дерева, а сдвиг переходит в преобразование, названное трансфером. Центральной проблемой является проблема различимости: позволяет ли кодирование различать почти все точки пространства. Основной результат - разбиение куба на симплексы Вейля обладает этим свойством.
A escolha de diretores de escolas e sua relação com o princípio da gestão democrática no ensino público em municípios paranaenses
Authors: Flach Simone de Fátima
Published: April 2019

A partir de pesquisa documental, tendo como foco a legislação e os documentos normativos, o presente texto analisa as formas de designação de diretores de escolas públicas em municípios paranaenses que já instituíram Sistemas próprios de Ensino, visando apontar como a democracia se faz presente nos processos de escolha. O referencial que sustenta as análises é o materialismo histórico e dialético, em especial o pensamento de Antonio Gramsci, que auxilia no entendimento a respeito da vivência da democracia como possibilidade de liberdade individual com compromisso coletivo. Conclui-se que o processo de escolha de diretores de escolas nos municípios investigados apresenta resquícios conservadores, mesmo quando aponta para a participação ampla da comunidade em um processo eletivo, e que a efetivação do princípio da gestão democrática é um dos meios para a formação de uma consciência coletiva que tenha a liberdade como fim.
Mídia, corpo e mercado: (im)possibilidades formativas diante do poder simbólico
Authors: Ribeiro Sérgio Dorenski Dantas , Mezzaroba Cristiano
Published: April 2019

Neste estudo, focamos o discurso midiático e suas estratégias, diante de um mercado cada vez mais intenso, acerca dos arquétipos corporais que têm ganhado destaque na modernidade. O ensaio esboça uma reflexão crítica sobre a influência da mídia no tocante ao culto ao corpo, seja pela imagem, seja pelo discurso, explícito e implícito, daquilo que tem se caracterizado como ‘corpo perfeito’ na atualidade, que podemos inferir como a forma do poder simbólico atuar nas subjetividades e gerar uma demanda dos sujeitos aos produtos personalizados, exclusivos e específicos, ofertados como ‘milagrosos’ pelo mercado da mídia. Numa sociedade cada vez mais formatada pelos discursos midiáticos, entendemos que a possibilidade de enfrentamento se encontra, em parte, na formação humana que se realiza com a mediação escolar (seu conjunto de conhecimentos). Quando consideramos o campo da formação de professores, entendemos ser cada vez mais necessária uma abordagem que permita a leitura crítica desses mecanismos, evidenciando a relevância da mídia-educação para uma sociedade em busca do esclarecimento, que precisa se confrontar com certa dominação discursiva e mercadológica da mídia. Nosso objetivo foi analisar, com a discussão sobre a Indústria Cultural e o poder simbólico, alguns mecanismos que fazem essas representações sobre o corpo na contemporaneidade serem demarcadas de maneira intensa por fins mercadológicos; além disso, apresentamos algumas exemplificações de pesquisas já realizadas, nas quais identificamos possíveis estratégias formativas e metodológicas em que o princípio para a autonomia e para o esclarecimento possa ocorrer, implicando possibilidades de mediação escolar, principalmente àqueles que se ocupam da formação humana.
Cidadania da sexualidade na imprensa portuguesa do pós-Revolução dos Cravos
Authors: Freire Isabel Marques
Published: April 2019

Esperando contribuir para o debate sobre a mudança social das vivências afetivo-sexuais no Portugal de transição da ditadura para a democracia, analisei o conteúdo de revistas e jornais (Mulher - Modas & Bordados, Crónica Feminina, Expresso e Diário de Lisboa), publicados entre 1968 e 1978. De que se fala e o que se diz na imprensa sobre direitos sexuais e de gênero, neste período marcado pela euforia da Revolução de 25 de abril de 1974? Neste artigo, analiso uma carta, um manifesto e uma reportagem que marcaram a agenda midiática da cidadania da sexualidade logo após a Revolução dos Cravos. Os três conteúdos associam liberdade política à liberdade sexual e equacionam as nossas vivências íntimas enquanto assunto público e de cidadania: a história pessoal sexual de uma adolescente (Gisela) enviada à redação de uma revista feminina; o primeiro manifesto homossexual português, publicado na imprensa duas semanas após a Revolução dos Cravos; e um documento assinado por 500 prostitutas (reivindicando direitos sociais e políticos), que é trazido à agenda de uma reunião feminista do Movimento Democrático da Mulher. Na imprensa analisada, o direito à sexualidade feminina pré-conjugal (reivindicado por Gisela), o direito à “livre prática homossexual” e o direito ao “amor livre” marcaram, nesse período, a emergência de uma cidadania da sexualidade (ou cidadania íntima), em desenvolvimento até hoje. Porém, apenas a história pessoal sexual de Gisela desperta entre as leitoras um longo debate sobre a importância das questões da intimidade para a democracia.
Escola e as relações étnico-raciais: uma análise sobre enunciações de alunos
Authors: Nunes Mônica , Wanderer Fernanda
Published: April 2019

O artigo examina enunciações de alunos de uma escola pública gaúcha sobre os marcadores étnico-raciais que operam na instituição e na cidade onde residem: um município pertencente a uma região de colonização alemã. Como aportes teóricos, o estudo sustenta-se em teorizações do campo pós-estruturalista sobre raça, etnia e a constituição do sujeito. O material de pesquisa escrutinado é constituído por entrevistas e questionários respondidos por discentes de uma turma do 8o ano do Ensino Fundamental. A análise mostrou que os estudantes negros não reconhecem sua negritude, autodenominando-se como “moreno” ou “escurinho”. Além disso, os alunos negam a existência de racismo na escola, mesmo afirmando que práticas racistas são vivenciadas no município.
Os selfies e o corpo tombamento: reflexões a partir de uma autoimagem sonora
Authors: Santos Edmea Oliveira dos , D'Ávila Carina
Published: April 2019

O presente artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa-formação que aconteceu na Escola de Arte e Tecnologia Spectaculu, no ano de 2016, com 29 estudantes de Fotografia e Tratamento de Imagem, na disciplina “Olhar”, que possui o objetivo de potencializar suas experiências estéticas. A metodologia de pesquisa-formação (MACEDO, 2000; JOSSO, 2004; SANTOS, 2002) se desempenha de forma criativa, buscando se debruçar sobre a experiência educativa para produção de novos conhecimentos e abordagens. E, nesse encontro, o termo ‘tombamento’ ficou cada vez mais evidente, a partir de um dispositivo usado em sala de aula, chamado ‘Autorretrato Musical’, que se trata de uma autoimagem conectada a uma música. O processo deste dispositivo se divide basicamente em três etapas: desenho de si e escrita de suas redes de formação; falar sobre si e escutar o outro; criação e produção da autoimagem sonora. O objetivo deste artigo, portanto, visa tratar sobre essa experiência, transando relações da noção de ‘tombamento’ com efeitos de presença e sentido debatidos pelo autor contemporâneo Gumbrecht (2010).  Conclui-se que o ‘tombamento’ é um manifesto ético-estético em si, ou seja, no próprio corpo da geração contemporânea, composta por uma juventude ‘afrontosa’, que se formou na/com a periferia e a internet, criando novas narrativas e referências para os seus e ganhando novos espaços de ação, que foram apropriados pelas mídias massivas e alvo de muitas críticas. Mas, para vivencia educativa e para pesquisa formativa, o processo de criação de si e a reinvenção das formas de fazer são combustíveis indispensáveis.
Fotografias em Instagram: imagens de práticas corporais e sociabilidades em parques públicos citadinos de lazer
Authors: Leiro Augusto Cesar Rios , Filho Ednaldo da Silva Pereira , Lima Paulo Cesar de Carvalho
Published: April 2019

O objetivo do artigo é identificar e refletir acerca das sociabilidades humanas por meio da análise de imagens de práticas corporais em parques públicos citadinos de lazer fotografadas e veiculadas no Instagram. É um estudo exploratório de natureza quanti-qualitativa sobre imagens capturadas no Instagram e tomadas aqui como moldura, através do sistema de busca e rastreamento da geolocalização de dois parques públicos de cidades metropolitanas brasileiras, as quais foram importadas para o MAXQDA com o intuito de facilitar a categorização e a elucidação das informações qualitativas. Como primeiras sínteses, as sociabilidades se expressam de forma singular na internet, ao lado de imagens espetacularizadas da vida cotidiana dos sujeitos, que no instante em que fazem suas postagens estão produzindo relações sociais mediadas por imagens, portanto estreitando seus círculos sociais. Dessa forma, o espaço real e o espaço virtual não se constituem como ambientes distintos quando o assunto é a sociabilidade humana.