bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DETECTION AND GRADING OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN RETINAL FUNDUS IMAGE USING SPIKING NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: K A Neethu Krishna , Mahil J
Published: September 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the world's most significant difficulties of diabetes identified with eye illness which happens when veins in the retina become swollen and release liquid which at last prompts vision misfortune. Early discovery of DR can anticipate the harm to the retina and vision misfortune or at least moderate its movement. The main objective of the proposed work is to detect the severity of Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) in the retinal fundus image using the spiking neural network. In this process, the retinal fundus images are collected from the STARE database. The data are pre-processed using the Wiener filter to extract the green channel and remove the noise. Then the Histogram equalization technique is used to enhance the contrast of the fundus image. DR is analyzed by separating blood vessels, veins, optic plates, and exudates from retinal fundus images by using mathematical morphology and finally a Prediction Spiking Neural Network(SNN) classifier and RG-based segmentation approach is implemented to segment the normal and DR from the fundus image. The performance of this segmentation approach is executed for different DR datasets and the outcomes demonstrate that; the proposed segmentation approach produces 96% accuracy for the detection of DR when stood out from different existing strategies. Key Words: Diabetic retinopathy, retinal fundus image, Histogram equalization, Spiking Neural Network, RG- based segmentation.
Literature Review Crop Modeling and Introduction a Simple Crop Model
Authors: Phuoc Le Huu , Suliansyah Irfan , Arlius Feri , Chaniago Irawati , Xuan Nguyen Thi Thanh , Quang Pham Van
Published: September 2023

Modeling science has been applied by many advanced countries in many fields, such as geology, meteorology, climate change, crop productivity, environment, erosion, and landslide. The crop model simulates the processes of agriculture. The writing of this article is descriptive qualitative using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. So far, each model has its advantages and disadvantages but generally is based on the physiology of the growth and development of crops in relationship with soil, climate, solar radiation energy, and limiting factors to plant growth. There have been many models for rice that can forecast yield and biomass or predict future climate change dynamics. Meanwhile, many models such as DSSAT, AquaCrop, Oryza, APSIM, EPIC need more data to operate their modeling, which in many cases, data is not readily available. In this review, we would like to introduce the model “SIMPLE” which includes only thirteen parameters and four of which describe cultivar characteristics. Another advantage of “SIMPLE” is that it can be adapted for many crop species and added variable modules such as nutrient dynamics, water stress, temperature stress, or pests. It is entirely open source based on R programming, but limitations still exist that have been mentioned in the review.
Characteristics of Edible Film from Corn Starch (Zea mays L.) with Additional Glycerol and Variations of Zinc Oxide (ZnO) Nanoparticles
Authors: Ifmalinda Ifmalinda , Kurnia Siti Azzahra , Cherie Dinah
Published: September 2023

Plastic is one of the most widely used packaging materials. Plastic is made of chemicals that are highly toxic, and its use has produced a lot of waste that is bad for the environment and difficult to decompose. The global community is becoming more and more aware of the value of high-quality food, particularly when it comes to packaging that is safe for human health and the environment. Edible films can be used as an eco-friendly alternative to plastic food packaging options. As a material for packaging, edible film made of biopolymers has been created. This material can be made from biodegradable components and has qualities akin to those of ordinary plastics. When combined with zinc oxide (ZnO), a piezoelectric ceramic with anti-microbial properties, edible film degrades and decomposes readily. This study sets out to identify the effects of variations in zinc oxide nanoparticle concentration properties of edible films made from corn starch (Zea mays L.) and to establish the optimal zinc oxide nanoparticle concentration. ZnO concentrations ranging from 0% to 3% to 9% to 12% were used. The outcomes demonstrated that a concentration of 12% provided the optimal treatment for the properties of edible film. With the addition of 12% ZnO concentration, the edible film's properties improved the most in this investigation, showing 81.94% water resistance, 1.434 MPa tensile strength, and 38.46% elongation percent. The lowest biodegradability value was found in edible film with a concentration of ZnO 12%, within 14 days. The resistivity, tensile strength, and % elongation of the edible film increase with increasing ZnO content.
The North Line Jakarta Lrt: Operating System And Risk Analysis
Authors: Purnomo Cahyo , Jayady Arman
Published: September 2023

The North line Jakarta LRT is one of the light rail transportation modes implemented to address the complex traffic issues in DKI Jakarta, Indonesia. Initial studies indicate that the existing headway and travel time are perceived as ineffective by users. This study aims to examine the effective headway in operating the North line Jakarta LRT and identify associated risks and their mitigation. The research employed survey methods through questionnaires, interviews, direct observations, and collected secondary data and documentation related to the North line Jakarta LRT. The analysis results revealed that passengers prefer a waiting time of 5 minutes during peak hours at 05:30-08:30 AM and 04:00-07:00 PM. A comprehensive risk analysis was also carried out using the interview method with open questions. This process identifies 14 potential risks associated with proposed changes to operating system patterns. A series of action plans have also been designed to effectively mitigate the identified risks.
Creative the Electronic Media Instructional Innovative Management Approach for Developing Chinese Vocabulary Memorization Skills of Educated Students in the Chinese Language
Authors: Phupunna Suphasa
Published: September 2023

Designing the Electronic Media instructional innovative management approach on Chinese Language Elementary Level 1 course (CLELC-1) was developed Chinese vocabulary memorization skills of 21 freshly educated students in the Chinese Language Teaching Program, Faculty of Education, Rajabhat Mahasarakham University, Thailand. Using the 10 Electronic Media Instructional Innovative Management (EMIIM) Lesson Plans were administered. Creative the Electronic Media Memorizing Chinese Vocabulary Skills (EMDVS) with the PowerPoint Canva and Captivate that 300 words/characters in Chinese were strategized. The effectiveness of the 10 EMIIM lesson plans is completed, using the E1/E2 approach for process and product-based developmental testing of instructional media is usually set at 80/80. Students’ learning achievement was tested by creating and analysing the 40 items Pre-and-Post-Learning Achievement Performance Assessment Tests (LAPAT) to design. Students’ perceptions of their satisfaction were described with the 20 items Questionnaire on Student Satisfaction Inventory (QSSI). Most EMIIM, EMDVS, LAPAT, and QSSI instruments are valid and reliable. Students’ responses of their understanding about 86.14% to their memorizing Chinese vocabulary skills, the E1/E2 evidence of 91.07/87.02 over the threshold setting is 80/80, significantly. The p-value reported from a t-test is 51.990 and more excellent than .001, and the result was difference significantly. The scale means ranged from 4.438 to 4.648. Interpretation of students’ perceptions on all four scales indicates that the Strongly Satisfied Level using the QSSI was assessed.
Figuras de la vida dañada: modalidades de conducta suicida
Authors: GONZÁLEZ GONZÁLEZ Marta , GARCÍA-PASCUAL Henar , BARRIO-MARTÍNEZ Sara , GARCÍA-PASCUAL Rocío , GARCÍA-HARO Juan
Published: September 2023

Suicide is one of the main public health problems worldwide. Assuming that suicide is a plural and diverse phenomenon, the objective of this article is to present and to analyze different figures or modalities of suicidal behavior asmanifested in the clinical practice and reflected in the literature.
СИСТЕМНИЙ АНАЛІЗ СФЕРИ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ УКРАЇНИ В УМОВАХ ОБМЕЖЕНОСТІ РЕСУРСІВ У КОНТЕКСТІ ПОЛІТИКИ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ
Authors: Шевчук Інна , Омельчук Леся
Published: September 2023

У дослідженні відзначено, що нові виклики та загрози формують нові вимоги до процесу формування та реалізації державної політики у сфері економічної безпеки в умовах обмеженості ресурсів у контексті сталого розвитку країни й, відповідно, категорія «економічна безпека» перебуває в нерозривному зв’язку з категоріями «конкурентоспроможність» та «економічна стійкість». Зазначено, що оптимальними формами забезпечення економічної безпеки у важкопрогнозований період є економічна кооперація та економічний патронат. Наголошено, що національна економіка в умовах сьогодення потребує певної мілітаризації з максимально ефективним використанням міжнародної економічної допомоги за напрямами: реконструкція (відновлення) ключових об’єктів інфраструктури, застосування нових технологій відновлення базових галузей народного господарства, навчання / наймання антикризових менеджерів та спеціалістів із кібербезпеки тощо. Зокрема фрагментарність та непослідовність державної політики в економічній сфері, відсутність чітко окресленої дорожньої карти призводять до спотворення системи заходів детінізації економічних відносин. Автором акцентовано увагу, що формування та реалізація політики сталого розвитку й під час війни, і в післявоєнний час потребує чітко сформованої візії подальшого розвитку стратегічно важливих галузей економіки, протидії деструктивних випливів ендогенного та екзогенного характеру, проведення систематичного моніторингу якості виконання плану заходів стратегічних документів у досліджуваній сфері з метою забезпечення стійкості економічної системи з урахуванням зміни парадигми дослідження економічних процесів. Резюмовано, що системний аналіз та оцінка стану сфери економічної безпеки держави слугують базисом стратегічних документів для органів публічної влади, проте нормативне забезпечення потребує доопрацювання.
ПРИНЦИПИ ЗДІЙСНЕННЯ ВИДАТКІВ ПУБЛІЧНИХ ФОНДІВ В УМОВАХ ВОЄННОГО СТАНУ В УКРАЇНІ
Authors: Дмитрик Ольга , Токарєва Катерина
Published: September 2023

У представленій публікації розглянуто сутність та особливості реалізації принципів здійснення видатків публічних фондів в умовах воєнного стану в Україні. При написанні авторами посавлені такі завдання: позначити сукупність принципів здійснення видатків публічних фондів в умовах воєнного стану, розкрити зміст таких принципів, сформулювати пропозиції щодо вдосконалення чинного бюджетного законодавства. Для вирішення поставлених завдань було використано в єдності такі методи: індукції та дедукції, системного аналізу й синтезу, порівняння.Підкреслено, що введення воєнного стану передбачає певну трансформацію всіх сфер суспільного життя порівняно зі звичайним їх функціонуванням та правовим регулюванням, установлення відмінного від загального (тобто спеціального) правового режиму в різних сферах державотворення й зокрема бюджетній, і особливо вимагає від держави перегляду парадигми здійснення видатків із публічних фондів, зокрема з державного та місцевих бюджетів. Наголошено на тому, що, незважаючи на півторарічний періодвід моменту повномасштабного вторгнення, питання щодо перегляду підходів до здійснення витрат із публічних фондів, створення системного та якісного регулювання державою бюджетних витрат в Україні залишаються актуальними. Розкрито змістове наповнення принципів бюджетної системи України, які віднайшли своє закріплення в національному законодавстві з урахуванням вимог правового режиму воєнного стану.
New Report on Fusarium equiseti Causing Yellow Leaf Disease of Brassica juncea (L.) Czern from Karandighi, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India
Authors: Swarnakar Shambhu , Chowhan Papan , Tiru Zerald , Mandal Parimal , Chakraborty Arka Pratim
Published: September 2023

Yellow leaf disease in B-9 variety of yellow mustard [Brassica juncea (L.) Czern] was noticed in the area of Khowaspur, Karandighi, Uttar Dinajpur District, West Bengal. Irregularly shaped dull yellow regions along the leaf margin and even in the midrib of leaf were observed. Fusarium equiseti (Corda) Sacc. (ON783721.1) was isolated and identified as causal potent fungal isolate causing yellows in leaves of Brassica juncea.
Assessment of Growth Performance and Histochemical Localisation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Fenugreek under Exogenous Calcium Ion Priming
Authors: Gupta Saran Kumar , Mandal Palash
Published: September 2023

The objective of present study was to evaluate the response of the fenugreek seeds primed with various elicitors such as calcium chloride (CC) as an exogenous source of calcium ion; a calcium chelator: Ethylene glycol-bis(2-aminoethylether)N,N,N´,N, tetra acetic acid (EG); and Lanthanum chloride (LC): a calcium channel blocker, under salinity stress. Significant improvement in the growth parameters of fenugreek seedlings was observed comparing with control. The stress tolerance index (STI) and histochemical detection of reactive oxygen species were performed to evaluate the tolerance of the fenugreek against salinity stress. The results exhibited noteworthy inhibitory effect of salinity stress in control set which was significantly mitigated by the exogenous calcium ion application. Furthermore, under the influence of calcium ion antagonists, EG and LC the adverse effect of salinity was more prominent than control set. In conclusion present investigation revealed that exogenous calcium ion is an ideal elicitor for enhancing growth and development of the fenugreek with better salinity stress management.
Antifungal Efficacy of Cu-Based Nano-Chitosan on Rhizopus stolonifer, A Virulent Phytopathogen
Authors: Chouhan Divya , Choudhuri Chandrani , Dutta Poulami , Mandal Palash , Mathur Piyush
Published: September 2023

Agro-scientists are giving endless efforts for synthesizing a bio-derived molecule that can act as a promising antifungal agent for combating a large number of phytopathogens. Harmful phytopathogens decrease crop yield and its quality. Rhizopus stolonifer is one such virulent phytopathogen that causes huge losses during the post-harvest period of crops. This pathogen mainly causes rot disease in fruits, crops, and vegetables. The second most abundantly available biological macromolecule, Chitosan and its metal-based nanoparticles stands as a potential antifungal agent for combating Rhizopus stolonifer. This study includes the synthesis of Cu chitosan nanoparticles (Cu-CNPs) and chitosan nanoparticles (CNPs) through the ionic gelation method and its characterization based on UV Vis spectrophotometer, FE-SEM, EDXS, and DLS. Cu-CNPs and CNPs were screened from 100-2000 µg/mL concentration against R. stolonifer for the assessment of its antifungal activity. Spore viability assay and lipid peroxidation of the pathogen using Cu-CNPs and CNPs were also determined. Generation of oxidative stress in the mycelium of the pathogen on the application of Cu-CNPs and CNPs was traced by fluorescence microscopy. Changes in the ultra-structure of the sporangium of R. stolonifer after treatment with Cu-CNPs and CNPs were visualized under SEM. Results showed that Cu-CNPs inhibit the growth of R. stolonifer at 2000 µg/mL and elevate malonaldehyde (MDA) content in the pathogen as a result of lipid peroxidation and produces defined damages on the sporangium membrane as observed under electron microscope. Fluorescence microscopy revealed the emission of high intensity of fluorescence due to the generation of oxidative stress in Cu-CNPs treated fungal mycelium.
NAMES OF PETS IN PAREMIA - NATIONAL CODE
Authors:   Kazakh Agrotechnical University S.Seifullin, Imanberdieva Saule , Egenberdi Meruert ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: September 2023

In the article paremia is analyzed and considered as an important source of folk knowledge in agriculture and meteorology. The purpose of the article is to show the features of the proverb containing the names of domestic animals, and thereby determine the knowledge of the people in creating a linguistic picture of the world, to open the national code based on this information. Research work was carried out in the lexico-semantic, cognitive direction. The author considers paroemia, containing the names of domestic animals, as a special linguocultural unit that is passed down from generation to generation and forms the linguistic picture of the world of the Kazakh society. During the study, special attention was paid to proverbs containing the names of domestic animals, as an important unit in determining national identity based on social conditions and cultural code. In disclosing information on the historical experience of the people in proverbs, special importance is attached to the cognitive function as national knowledge, social code, cultural code. At the same time, statistical information is provided on the use of collective names and individual names of domestic animals in the composition of proverbs and sayings. The pragmatic potential of the names of domestic animals in the composition of proverbs and sayings is analyzed, their place is determined as a means of transferring in the perception of the world, the knowledge accumulated by people over the centuries. It is argued that proverbs, which include the names of domestic animals, are the main linguocultural units that form the knowledge base of the nation and carry cultural information, and the cultural codes behind the implicit information in them are revealed. The conclusions drawn are substantiated by cognitive, statistical, comparative and descriptive methods and are proved by specific examples. Quotes are taken from proverbs. The practical significance of the article lies in the fact that its main results can be used in theoretical courses such as lexicology, cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, as well as in seminars on the practice of teaching the Kazakh language.
LEXICAL AND SEMANTIC FEATURES OF NATIONAL AND CULTURAL STEREOTYPES IN KAZAKH AND ENGLISH
Authors:   Alikhan Bokeikhan University, Kaidarova Bayan
Published: September 2023

The article considers a set of fields that partially intersect the foundations of national cultural stereotypes in the culture of languages and the lexical system of the language, and the effectiveness in the field of vocabulary, the features of the lexico-semantic system in the direction of the concept of the field, formed in order to orient the ethno-cultural collective. Analysis of sociolinguistic motivation and comparative study of proxemics in Kazakh and English language culture the reasons of heterogeneity of linguistic cultures and diversity of perception of space and distance by cultural representatives are analyzed. In English linguistic culture, the importance of knowledge of proxemics and proper distancing is studied, as well as the fact that they adhere to less formality in the conceptualization of space, and knowledge and recognition of cultural and individual differences improves intercultural communication.
A reflection on the evolution of the Brazilian National Innovation System in twenty years
Authors: Santiago Cássia Viviani Silva , Lauriano Nayara Gonçalves
Published: September 2023

The current trend of internationalization in the market is a new world socio-economic situation in which technology and innovation are crucial elements for a country's economic development and expansion of its companies' systemic competitiveness. This view highlights the need to study the National Innovation System as a system composed of a set of interrelated actors working together in a specific set of relations, which give rise to all the performance and behavior of the system. In this line of thought, it is considered that the national systems are distinct by their different systems, structures, and guidelines of each economy. Developing countries, such as the Brazilian case, face challenges and opportunities in the face of new forms of market structure. This paper explores the reality of the Brazilian innovation system, based on a bibliographic review begun in the late 90's and updated recently. It is about making an exploration to identify its current state of development and to compare the reality of the 90s to identify if the referred system presented some satisfactory evolution during the studied period. Spending on science and technology has increased over the last twenty years, and 2014 reached about 1,27 of the country's Gross Domestic Product. This value is considered very low compared to spending on Research and Development in developed countries in Europe, North America, and Japan. Fundamentally, the Brazilian government acts to make society aware of creating an innovative mentality and adopt technological policies that support this objective more stably and continuously within the real possibilities of the country.
PRIVATIZATION OF THE HOUSING FUND IN THE WORKS OF PROFESSOR S. M. KORNEEV AND MODERN PROBLEMS OF PRIVATIZATION
Authors: EMELKINA IRINA A.
Published: September 2023

The article analyzes the scientific heritage of Professor S. M. Korneev, dedicated to the privatization of the housing stock in the Russian Federation. The continuity of the ideas of the scientist in the current doctrine of law and the consolidation of individual proposals in modern Russian legislation are shown. It is noted that S. M. Korneev was one of the first in Russian law who addressed the topical legal problems of housing stock privatization and suggested ways to resolve them. In particular, he studied the issues of protecting the rights of family members of the owner during privatization, including formulating proposals on the need to improve legislation on the participation in privatization of minors and incapacitated family members; they show how the principle of “free” and “one-off” housing privatization should work in law enforcement practice; proposals were formulated for the formalization of the legal regime of the common property of an apartment building during the privatization of residential premises in it; the problem of the legal regime of a land plot under an apartment building is raised and proposals are made for organizing the maintenance of the infrastructure of such a house through the creation of special legal entities - condominiums. This article shows that the comprehension and resolution of many of the scientific and practical problems of protecting the right of ownership to residential premises identified by S. M. Korneev, which arose even at the stage of privatization, took place in the last decades of the development of domestic legislation. It is concluded that. that individual problems of privatization remain topical even at the present stage.
CONSUMER LAW IN THE SYSTEM OF MODERN RUSSIAN LAW AND LEGISLATION
Authors: SHERSTOBITOV ANDREI E.
Published: September 2023

The article is devoted to determining the place of consumer law in the system of Russian law and in the system of Russian legislation. Having formed in Russian civil law initially as a functional institution of civil law protection of consumer rights, it later, together with the norms of branches of public law, forms an intersectoral institute of Russian law, and under the influence of codified civil legislation, especially due to the reform of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the improvement of legislation on consumer protection and the practice of its application, occupies the place of a functional sub-branch in the structure of modern civil law. For more than thirty years, consumer law has also been formed as a complex branch of legislation, including normative acts containing norms of various branches of Russian law. Consumer law (consumer protection legislation) is characterized by a number of features (it includes numerous regulations of various hierarchical levels and combines legal regulation contained in codified civil legislation and special acts on consumer protection). This, on the one hand, seems to be a very progressive phenomenon, since the civil law regulation of contractual relations with the participation of consumers is elevated to the level of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, and, on the other hand, this is done in part two of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, as well as in certain federal laws, is often inconsistent or insufficiently successful.
Stability Study of Water Ambulance in East Kalimantan Inland Waterways
Authors: Alamsyah  , Hidayatullah Ardhi , Setiawan Wira , Suardi  , Habibi  , Nurcholik Samsu Dlukha , Suwedy Wardina
Published: September 2023

This paper discusses the prediction of ship stability before sailing. This study aims to determine the stability value of the water ambulance in specific operating scenarios. The method used in this study is the B-splines mathematical equation and the optimization method using Maxurf software, which varies ship loading by 100% DWT, 50% DWT, and 25% DWT. The results of the study showed that 100% DWT had a maximum GZ value of 40 degrees and an initial GM of 1.240 meters; 50% DWT conditions had a maximum GZ value of 41.8 degrees and an initial GM of 0.711 meters; and 25% DWT conditions had a maximum GZ value of 43.2 degrees and an initial GM of 0.653 meters. The initial GM value increases with an increasing DWT value. Meanwhile, the maximum GZ value decreased as the DWT value increased. All operational scenarios are determined to meet HSC 2000 Annex 8 monohull criteria.
A Comprehensive Study of Wave Angels and their Influence on Sail Boats
Authors: Rulianto Jangka , Fiveriati Anggra , Wedarma IGNB Catra
Published: September 2023

Sail boat is a type of sail boat with the main mover in the form of a sail that utilizes the wind to generate thrust so that it can go according to the desired speed. Although the type of sail propulsion has been found since time immemorial, research on sails and their effects on sailboats is very rarely done. In general, research only focuses on calculating the size of the sail so that the sailboat is able to go at the desired speed without considering other things that might happen to the sailboat if the sail is used. Therefore, the researcher intends to analyze the force on the sail with variations of the sail and ring and its effect on the sailboat. Based on the results of the research conducted, taking into account the wind conditions in the coastal area of ​​Banyuwangi, the results of the data analysis are as follows, including the size of the main sailing vessel that is suitable for having a length of 5 meters, a width of 2 meters and a height of 1 meter and a water laden depth of 0 ,5 meters. The best wind direction is at 180° or behind the sail boat. The optimum wind speed that can be used is 30 knots or 15 m/s. And the maximum heeling degree that can be tolerated before the sail boat is 25° Direction of port side and right.
Evaluation of porosity and permeability of sandstones within the Oti Group of the Volta Basin using petrophysical and petrographic techniques
Authors: Zobah Theresa , Adenutsi Caspar , Amedjoe Godfrey , Wilson Matthew , Mensah Emmanuel , Boateng Cyril , Opuni Lydia , Danuor Sylvester , Karimaie Hassan
Published: September 2023

This study investigates the reservoir quality of sandstones in the Oti Group of the Volta Basin of Ghana. Geological field mapping, petrographic, petrophysical, mineralogical, and geochemical techniques are used to investigate the reservoir parameters of the sandstones by evaluating the fluid holding and transmission capabilities of the rocks. Results from the comprehensive study identified two sandstone formations of interest; viz. the Bimbila Sandstone and Yabraso Sandstone. Both sandstones were found to be quartz sandstones (sub-arkose and quartz arenites). The Bimbila Sandstones proved to have better porosity and permeability as compared to the Yabraso Sandstones. The Yabraso Sandstone showed porosity between 7-22 % with an average porosity of 13 % (helium gas) and permeability of 63.41 mD, which may be linked to intense cementation and intermediate compaction as well as grain size, shape and arrangement. The Bimbila Sandstones showed better porosity and permeability with a porosity range of 6-24 %, an average porosity of 14 % (helium gas) and 131.80 mD permeability. This is seen to be due to lower compaction supported by framework-stable quartz resulting in a well-connected pore system with high permeability. Further mineralogical data show that the clay minerals present are in minor concentrations. Also, the position of the Yabraso and Bimbila Sandstones in the project area as plotted on the geological map show that there is a close proximity relationship between these sandstones and the limestones; hence,  forming a conducive system such that if hydrocarbons are produced by the possible source rocks (limestones), they can be housed by the sandstones.
Surgical treatment of pediatric thoracic Ewing tumors
Authors: Özçelik Zerrin , Avcı Alper , Can Karacaoğlu İsmail , İnce Durhan Banu , Banlı Cesur İlknur , Özçelik Cemal
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aims to determine the thoracic surgery techniques, surgical indications, the role and effectiveness of surgical treatment in multimodal treatment applied to pediatric Ewing sarcoma patients.

Methods: Between A pril 2004 a nd November 2020, a total of 15 pediatric patients ( 9 males, 6 females; mean age: 10.1±4.5 years; range, 3 to 18 years) who were diagnosed with primary thoracic Ewing sarcoma and operated were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor-related factors and treatment modalities for Ewing sarcoma originating from the chest wall and mediastinum were examined.

Results: The most common complaint was pain in nine patients. While the tumor originated from the ribs in nine patients, it originated from the soft tissue (n=2), mediastinum (n=2), and extra-thoracic tissue (n=2) in six patients. Complete resection was achieved in 10 patients. While neoadjuvant chemotherapy was applied to eight patients, chemotherapy and radiotherapy was applied to 14 and five patients, respectively. Bone marrow transplantation was performed in one patient. The mean follow-up was 54.2±44.9 months. Recurrence was seen in six patients in a mean duration of 17.8±7.4 months.

Conclusion: The most effective treatment for thoracic Ewing sarcoma is complete resection. Multimodal therapy in the form of surgical resection, chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy provides optimal efficacy and the most favorable survival. The follow-up period should be kept short, since recurrences are common.
Transthoracic robotic plication for diaphragmatic elevation
Authors: Şengül İnan Merve , Kavaklı Kuthan , Işık Hakan , Sapmaz Ersin , Gürkök Sedat , İlhan Sezer Elif , Çaylak Hasan , Genç Onur
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility, safety, and efficacy of transthoracic robot-assisted surgery for diaphragmatic plication and to describe our surgical approach in detail.

Methods: Between January 2014 and January 2020, a total of 13 patients (11 males, 2 females; median age: 55 years; range, 24 to 70 years) who underwent diaphragmatic plication with the robotic system were retrospectively analyzed. The changes in the Medical Research Council dyspnea scale, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec, body mass index, and quality of life scale scores of the patients before the operation and at the first year of follow-up were examined.

Results: Twelve of the operations were performed on the left side. The median pre- and postoperative Medical Research Council dyspnea scores were 2 (range, 1 to 4) and 1 (range, 1 to 4), respectively, indicating a statistically significant improvement (p=0.008). A significant improvement was detected in the forced expiratory volume in 1 sec of the patients in the first year after surgery (p=0.036). In terms of quality of life parameters, only, in the physical health subscale, the scores were statistically significantly different in the pre- and postoperative first-year follow-up (p=0.002). Median time to chest tube removal was 1 (range 1-5, IQR=0,5) days. Median total length of hospital stay was 2 (range 2-18, IQR=3) days.

Conclusion: Owing to its technical dexterity, the robot enables the plication to be performed easily and safely. Late improvement in respiratory functions is reflected in quality of life.
Results of surgical treatment of pulmonary artery sarcomas: Does histology affect survival?
Authors: Başar Veysel , Ermerak N. Onur , Olgun Yıldızeli Şehnaz , Bozkurtlar Emine , Ercelep Özlem , Mutlu Bülent , Kocakaya Derya , Bekiroğlu G. Nural , Taş Serpil , Yanartaş Mehmed , Sunar Hasan , Ak Koray , Küçükoğlu Serdar , Yıldızeli Bedrettin
Published: September 2023

Background: In this study, we aimed to describe our experience with primary pulmonary artery sarcoma in patients who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy and to evaluate clinical features, treatment, outcomes, and survival rates according to the histological subtypes of this malignant disease.

Methods: Between March 2011 and May 2022, a total of 13 patients (7 males, 6 females; mean age: 52.6±13.0 years; range, 30 to 69 years) who underwent pulmonary endarterectomy and diagnosed with a pulmonary artery sarcoma were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnosis was confirmed histopathologically in all patients. Data including demographics, clinical characteristics, intra- and postoperative complications, length of hospital stay, morbidity, mortality, and short-term and long-term outcomes were recorded. Operative mortality was defined as death in the hospital or within 30 days of surgery.

Results: Mortality was observed in one patient due to massive hemoptysis. Morbidity developed in two patients due to acute respiratory distress. Pulmonary vascular resistance improved significantly from 508 dyn/s/cm-5 to 191 dyn/s/cm-5 (p<0.004). All patients received chemotherapy following surgery. Median followup was 14 months. Median survival for the entire series was 18 months. One-year and three-year survival rates were 60.6% and 30.3%, respectively. Median survival for leiomyosarcomas (n=6) was seven months, while it was 44 months for intimal sarcomas (p=0.004). Three-year survival was 66.7% for intimal sarcomas and 0% for leiomyosarcomas.

Conclusion: Pulmonary artery sarcoma may mimic chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension. Patients with a suspected diagnosis of pulmonary artery sarcoma should be referred to expert pulmonary endarterectomy centers for surgery where a multidisciplinary team is available. Pulmonary endarterectomy has both diagnostic and therapeutic value and may improve survival and quality of life. Patients with intimal sarcoma have longer survival compared to those with leiomyosarcoma.
The effect of erector spinae plane block on arterial grafts in coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Darçın Kamil , Çetin Seçil , Ahmet Karakaya Muhammet , Yenigün Yılmaz , Şanser Ateş Mehmet , Gürkan Yavuz
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aims to evaluate the sympathectomy effects of erector spinae plane block on the diameters and cross-sectional areas of the left and right internal mammary arteries and of the radial arteries.

Methods: This prospective study included a total of 25 patients (14 males, 11 females; median age: 67 years; range, 23 to 75 years) who underwent erector spinae plane block categorized as the American Society of Anesthesiologists Class III and underwent off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting between June 01, 2020 and March 01, 2021. The effects of erector spinae plane block on the diameters and cross-sectional areas of the left and right internal mammary arteries and radial arteries were assessed using ultrasonography images taken both before and 45 min after the procedure, from the third, fourth, and fifth intercostal spaces for the left and right internal mammary arteries and from 3 cm proximal to the wrist for the radial arteries.

Results: The diameters and cross-sectional areas of the left and right internal mammary arteries and radial arteries significantly increased compared to baseline values after the erector spinae plane block (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in the pre- and post-procedural heart rate and mean arterial pressure values (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The bilateral erector spinae plane block, which was performed at the T5 level, provided vasodilatation of the left and right internal mammary arteries and radial arteries without causing any significant difference in the heart rate and mean arterial pressure. These findings indicate that the sympathetic block produced by the erector spinae plane block may facilitate better surgical conditions by preventing arterial spasms. Thus, bilateral erector spinae plane block may be a promising technique to achieve regional anesthesia for off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.
Dilated sinuses of Valsalva subsequent to type A dissection surgery: Is reoperation inevitable?
Authors: Köse Yiğit , Özyurt Köse Selen , Uğur Koçoğulları Cevdet
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aims to investigate the dilation of sinus valsalva in patients who underwent aortic repair due to type A aortic dissection and to evaluate its progression.

Methods: Between January 2004 and December 2019, a total of 68 patients (50 males, 18 females; mean age: 54.2±10.1 years; range, 30 to 82 years) who underwent root-preserving surgery and followed for at least one year in the outpatient setting were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups according to dilatation during follow-up. Group 1 (n=32) included patients with dilatation and Group 2 (n=36) included patients without dilatation. The sinus of Valsalva diameters were measured using pre- and postoperative computed tomography angiography.

Results: The mean follow-up was 4.9±3.1 (range, 1 to 4) years. Sinus of Valsalva dilatation was observed in 47% of the patients during follow-up. Preoperative sinus of Valsalva diameter was a risk factor for aneurysmatic dilatation. A diameter of ≥4.05 cm was calculated as a cut-off value for developing dilatation requiring reoperation.

Conclusion: Follow-up using postoperative echocardiography or computed tomography angiography is of utmost importance for the assessment of development of sinus of Valsalva dilatation which requires reoperation in patients without intervention to the aortic root.
Effects of rivaroxaban on myocardial mitophagy in the rat heart
Authors: Gencpinar Tugra , Bilen Cagatay , Kemahli Baris , Kacar Kivanc , Akokay Pinar , Bayrak Serdar , Erdal Cenk
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aims to demonstrate the efficacy of rivaroxaban’s pharmacokinetic effects on myocardial mitophagy in rats by inducing apoptosis.

Methods: In this double-blind experiment, Wistar albino male rats were randomly divided into three groups for an experimental ischemia model: the sham group (Group 1; n=7), the control group (Group 2; n=7), and the drug group (Group 3; n=7). Rivaroxaban was perorally administered with gavage at 2 mg/ kg/day for 28 days in Group 3. The heart was surgically exposed, and ischemia was achieved by compressing the vessel around the proximal part of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 10 min. The heart tissue was then transected, removed, and morphologically and immunohistochemically examined under a light microscope.

Results: Heart sections were immunohistochemically marked with caspase 3, caspase 9, APAF1, and Bcl-2 antibodies. Group 1 was compared to the rivaroxaban-treated group, and the pathways inducing apoptosis was increased (caspase 3, caspase 9, APAF1; p<0.015, p<0.004, and p<0.01, respectively) and Bcl-2, the molecule that inhibits apoptosis, was decreased (p<0.01) in Group 3.

Conclusion: The present study provides an evidence that the mitophagy response is less in rivaroxaban-treated rats, showing the protective effect of rivaroxaban against acute ischemia. Rivaroxaban-treated rats may have reduced cell death in cardiomyocytes during myocardial infarction and thus have reduced damage to the heart tissue caused by myocardial infarction.
The impact of the apelinergic system in coronary collateral formation
Authors: Özsoyler İbrahim , Ali Uçak Haci , Onur Badak Tolga , Çakallıoğlu Ahmet , Bayraktar Muhammet , Süha Arslan Ahmet
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aims to examine the relationship between the development of coronary collateral circulation and serum elabela levels.

Methods: Between January 2020 and December 2021, a total of 50 control individuals (29 males, 21 females; mean age: 63.2±10.0 years; range, 52 to 73 years) with no significant coronary artery disease as confirmed by angiography (Group 1) and 100 patients (55 males, 45 females; mean age: 66.6±9.6 years; range, 56 to 75 years) with coronary artery disease were included. The patients were further divided into two equal groups according to the Rentrop classification as poor (Group 2) and good coronary collateral circulation (Group 3). All groups were compared in terms of several parameters, particularly serum elabela levels.

Results: Serum elabela levels were found to be statistically higher in the group with good collateral than the other groups (p<0.05). Low serum elabela levels increased the risk of developing weak collaterals by 2.43 times.

Conclusion: The elabela protein is directly related to good collateral development and can be considered a potential agent for treatment.
Predictors and outcomes of conversion to sternotomy in minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting
Authors: Yaşar Emre , Mert Duman Zihni , Bayram Muhammed , Zeynep Kahraman Meliha , Köseoğlu Mehmet , Kadiroğulları Ersin , Aydın Ünal , Onan Burak
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aims to investigate the risk factors and surgical outcomes of conversion to median sternotomy in minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting.

Methods: Between January 2017 and July 2022, a total of 274 patients (246 males, 28 females; mean age: 57.0±9.6 years; range, 33 to 81 years) who underwent conventional (n=116) or robot-assisted (n=158) minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass grafting were retrospectively analyzed. The primary outcome measure of the study was conversion to median sternotomy, and the secondary outcome measures were operative mortality, length of intensive care unit and hospital stay.

Results: Conversion to median sternotomy was required in 26 (9.5%) patients. The most common cause of conversion was intramyocardial left anterior descending artery (27.0%). Among preoperative and operative characteristics, only age was statistically significant risk factor for conversion to sternotomy (odds ratio=1.06, p=0.01). Operative mortality occurred in one patient (0.36%) patient in the entire cohort. The length of intensive care unit and hospital stay was significantly longer in patients requiring conversion to median sternotomy (p=0.002 and p<0.001, respectively). There was no significant difference in other postoperative outcomes between the two groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion: Intramyocardial left anterior descending artery is the most common reason for conversion to sternotomy, and older age increases the risk of conversion. Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting can be performed with satisfactory results, even if it requires conversion to sternotomy.
Carotid artery cut-down technique for ductus arteriosus stenting
Authors: Basgoze Serdar , Odemis Ender , Onalan Akif , Temur Bahar , Aydın Selim , Guzelmeric Fusun , Cevik Ayhan , Erek Ersin
Published: September 2023

Background: This study aims to evaluate early and mid-term outcomes of ductal stenting via carotid artery surgical cut-down technique in neonates.

Methods: Between January 2015 and January 2022, a total of 17 neonates (12 males, 5 females; median age: 14 days, range, 5 to 34 days) who underwent carotid artery surgical cut-down technique for ductal stenting were retrospectively analyzed. Diagnoses of the patients, demographics, procedural success/failure, access-related complications, and neuroimaging findings were recorded.

Results: The primary indication for ductal stenting was pulmonary atresia in all patients. All patients who underwent carotid cut-down had vertical anatomy, with or without tortuous ductal anatomy, and they were not suitable for the femoral approach. The median body weight was 3 (range, 2 to 3.4) kg. Fifteen of the 17 interventions (88.2%) were successful. Two patients whose stenting failed underwent a systemic-to-pulmonary shunt operation. The early in-hospital mortality rate was 17.6% (n=3). No neurological or accessrelated complications were observed in any of the patients.

Conclusion: Stenting the ductus arteriosus with challenging anatomy is feasible and safe with carotid artery cut-down, particularly in small neonates. Based on our study findings, this technique may offer an effective and less invasive alternative to the systemic-to-pulmonary shunt operation.
The use of artificial intelligence in interventional cardiology
Authors: Göçer Hakan , Barış Durukan Ahmet
Published: September 2023

Artificial intelligence can be employed in many cardiological applications including image analysis, risk assessment, and patient monitoring. In the catheterization laboratory, it can act as a physician assistant, technician, or co-worker. First, by giving voice commands to the operator of the coronary angiography machine, it can ensure that the C-arm moves to the desired angle. It is able to make recommendations for stent size and type based on the analysis of angiography images which is also possible for peripheral and carotid interventions. For transcatheter aortic valve implantation, it can make recommendations for valve placement and size. Artificial intelligence-based image analysis algorithms can be used to support image analysis during catheter laboratory procedures. The challenges include the need for large, high-quality data sets and the development of accurate, reliable, and interpretable artificial intelligence algorithms.
Economy of Love as Manifested in William Shakespeare’s King Lear and The Merchant of Venice
Authors: Amrita Bhattacharyya
Published: September 2023

This paper tries to make a study of William Shakespeare’s above plays with reference to his contemporary period’s views on money and love. Economy is inadvertently linked with love as we find during the time of Shakespeare. Two of the most important plays of Shakespeare – King Lear (1606) and The Merchant of Venice (1596-1598) shows how love is tested by economic considerations and how relationships get complicated when the two collide with each other. Market economics of the public sphere questions the love of the private sphere. Here love is equated to lust. This acquisitiveness is characteristic of the Elizabethan and Jacobean age with commerce and trade flourishing and the age itself being termed as the Golden Age. Gender roles are redefined in such a mercantile situation and the place of women in such society become endangered.