bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Survey of commercial Rhodiola products revealed species diversity and potential safety issues
Authors: Xin Tianyi , Li Xiaojin , Yao Hui , Lin Yulin , Ma Xiaochong , Cheng Ruiyang , Song Jingyuan , Ni Lianghong , Fan Congzhao , Chen Shilin
Published: February 2015

The adulteration of herbal products is a threat to consumer safety. Here we surveyed the species composition of commercial Rhodiola products using DNA barcoding as a supervisory method. A Rhodiola dietary supplement DNA barcode database was successfully constructed using 82 voucher samples from 10 Rhodiola species. Based on the DNA barcoding standard operating procedure (SOP), we used this database to identify 100 Rhodiolae Crenulatae Radix et Rhizoma decoction piece samples that were purchased from drug stores and hospitals. The results showed that only 36 decoction piece sequences (40%) were authentic R. crenulata, which is recorded in Chinese Pharmacopeia, whereas the other samples were all adulterants and may indicate a potential safety issue. Among the adulterants, 35 sequences (38.9%) were authenticated as R. serrata, nine sequences (10%) were authenticated as R. rosea, which is documented in the United States Pharmacopeia and the remaining samples were authenticated as other three Rhodiola species. This result indicates decoction pieces that are available in the market have complex origins and DNA barcoding is a convenient tool for market supervision.
Coupling a solid phase microextraction (SPME) probe with ambient MS for rapid enrichment and detection of phosphopeptides in biological samples
Authors: Zhao Yaoyao , Gong Xiaoyun , Si Xingyu , Wei Zhenwei , Yang Chengdui , Zhang Sichun , Zhang Xinrong
Published: February 2015

A simple method of excellent selectivity and sensitivity for enrichment of phosphopeptides in complex biological samples.
A colorimetric and smartphone readable method for uracil-DNA glycosylase detection based on the target-triggered formation of G-quadruplex
Authors: Nie Huaijun , Wang Wei , Li Wang , Nie Zhou , Yao Shouzhuo
Published: February 2015

A simple, colorimetric and smartphone readable method based on the target-triggered formation of G-quadruplex has been developed for uracil-DNA glycosylase detection.
Dairy manure protein analysis using UV-vis based on the Bradford method
Authors: Liu Zong , Gonzalez Jorge Santini , Wang Hui , Gunasekaran Sundaram , Runge Troy
Published: February 2015

Organic nitrogen in the form of protein and degraded protein fragments is one of the most important components of dairy manure.
Fabrication of high-quality amorphous silicon film from cyclopentasilane by vapor deposition between two parallel substrates
Authors: Shen Zhongrong , Masuda Takashi , Takagishi Hideyuki , Ohdaira Keisuke , Shimoda Tatsuya
Published: February 2015

Cyclopentasilane converts into amorphous silicon film between two parallel substrates under atmospheric pressure by thermal decomposition at 350–400 °C, which combines the advantages of high throughput with cost reduction and high quality film formation.
A new O3-type layered oxide cathode with high energy/power density for rechargeable Na batteries
Authors: Liu Haodong , Xu Jing , Ma Chuze , Meng Ying Shirley
Published: February 2015

A new O3–Na0.78Li0.18Ni0.25Mn0.583Ow is prepared as the cathode material for Na-ion batteries, delivering exceptionally high energy density and superior rate performance. No phase transformation happens through a wide range of sodium concentrations.
Hole injection dynamics from two structurally related Ru–bipyridine complexes into NiOx is determined by the substitution pattern of the ligands
Authors: Bräutigam Maximilian , Kübel Joachim , Schulz Martin , Vos Johannes G. , Dietzek Benjamin
Published: February 2015

Two chemically very similar Ru–bipyridine dyes were grafted onto NiOx and the dye-sensitized surfaces were investigated with transient absorption spectroscopy. One facilitates hole injection, the other one does not.
Unusual kinetics of poly(ethylene glycol) oxidation with cerium(iv) ions in sulfuric acid medium and implications for copolymer synthesis
Authors: Szymański Jan K. , Temprano-Coleto Fernando , Pérez-Mercader Juan
Published: February 2015

Complex aqueous phase equilibria influence the kinetics of polyalcohol–cerium(iv) reaction in sulfuric acid medium. Zeroth-order kinetics, not previously reported in such systems, results for certain sulfate ion concentrations.
Magnetic-field-enabled resolution enhancement in super-resolution imaging
Authors: Zhang Min , Chen Junling , Gao Jing , Wang Zhiyong , Xu Haijiao , Cai Mingjun , Jiang Junguang , Tian Zhiyuan , Wang Hongda
Published: February 2015

Magnetic field could increase dye's fluorescence intensity and number of photons, thus better localization precision of super-resolution imaging was achieved.
Protonation of bridging sulfur in cubanoid Fe4S4clusters causes large geometric changes: the theory of geometric and electronic structure.
Authors: Dance Ian
Published: February 2015

Density functional calculations indicate that protonation of a μ3-S atom in cubanoid clusters [Fe4S4X4]2−leads to a large extension of one Fe–S(H) bond such that the SH ligand is doubly-bridging, μ-SH.
Effect of the particle size of cellulose from sweet potato residues on lipid metabolism and cecal conditions in ovariectomized rats
Authors: Lu Hongjia , Gui Yu , Guo Ting , Wang Qianqian , Liu Xiong
Published: February 2015

This study aims to examine the effect of the particle size of cellulose from sweet potato residues on lipid metabolism and cecal conditions in ovariectomized rats.
Effects of dietary Corinthian currants (Vitis vinifera L., var. Apyrena) on atherosclerosis and plasma phenolic compounds during prolonged hypercholesterolemia in New Zealand White rabbits
Authors: Yanni Amalia E. , Efthymiou Vissarion , Lelovas Pavlos , Agrogiannis George , Kostomitsopoulos Nikolaos , Karathanos Vaios T.
Published: February 2015

Effects of dietary Corinthian currants on atherosclerosis, oxidative stress and plasma phenolic compounds in hypercholesterolemic animal models.
Technical bias of microcultivation environments on single-cell physiology
Authors: Dusny Christian , Grünberger Alexander , Probst Christopher , Wiechert Wolfgang , Kohlheyer Dietrich , Schmid Andreas
Published: February 2015

The cross-platform comparison of three different single-cell cultivation methods demonstrates technical influences on biological key parameters like specific growth rate, division rate and cellular morphology.
Synthesis and characterization of core–shell–shell magnetic (CoFe2O4–SiO2–TiO2) nanocomposites and TiO2nanoparticles for the evaluation of photocatalytic activity under UV and visible irradiation
Authors: Hamad Hesham , Abd El-Latif Mona , Kashyout Abd El-Hady , Sadik Wagih , Feteha Mohamed
Published: February 2015

CoFe2O4–SiO2–TiO2core–shell–shell magnetic nanocomposites have been prepared by coating cobalt ferrite nanoparticles with double layers of SiO2–TiO2.
A novel biodegradable hyperbranched polyester prepared from cellulose and tyrosine via the synthesis route of glycopeptides
Authors: Guo Ming , Fei Meng , Liu Hongzhi , Wu Xiaopeng , Yang Ping
Published: February 2015

A novel hyperbranched polyester has been prepared through the polycondensation of an ABn-type monomer, which was synthesized from a glycopeptide reaction.
Thermoresponsive dual emission nanosensor based on quantum dots and dye labeled poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)
Authors: Zhou Jinjun , Mishra Kaushik , Bhagat Vrushali , Joy Abraham , Becker Matthew L.
Published: February 2015

Hybrid nanoparticle based on quantum dots and dye labeled PNIPAM shows ratiometric changes in fluorescence emission upon temperature cycling between 25 °C and 45 °C.
Experimental and theoretical investigation of enhanced cold cathode emission by plasma-etched 3d array of nanotips derived from CuPc nanotube
Authors: Kumar Ghorai Uttam , Saha Subhajit , Mazumder Nilesh , Das Nirmalya S. , Banerjee Diptonil , Sen Dipayan , Chattopadhyay Kalyan K.
Published: February 2015

Experimentally observed field emission responses of 3D copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) nanotip arrays synthesized over nanotube walls by facile plasma treatment and theoretical justifications via finite element method based simulations.
Triphenyltin(iv) adducts of diphosphoryl ligands: structural, electronic and energy aspects from X-ray crystallography and theoretical calculations
Authors: Gholivand K. , Gholami A. , Ebrahimi A. A. V. , Abolghasemi S. T. , Esrafili M. D. , Fadaei F. T. , Schenk K. J.
Published: February 2015

Triphenyltin(iv) adducts of diphosphoryl ligands, RR′P(O)–X–P(O)RR′, were introduced. The influence of the ligand structures on the crystal packing of the complexes and Sn-O interactions was discussed using geometrical and theoretical analysis.
Polymorphism dependent charge transport property of 9,10-bis((E)-2-(pyrid-2-yl)vinyl)anthracene: a theoretical study
Authors: Guo Qing , Wang Lijuan , Bai Fuquan , Jiang Yuanfei , Guo Jing , Xu Bin , Tian Wenjing
Published: February 2015

Polymorphism dependent charge transport property of 9,10-bis((E)-2-(pyrid-2-yl)vinyl)anthracene, with the result of μβ-BP2VA > μα-BP2VA > μγ-BP2VA, the hole mobility of β-BP2VA reached as high as ∼1 cm2 V−1 S−1.
Unexpected rearrangement during the gas-phase dehalogenation approach to benzodithiophenes
Authors: Aitken R. Alan , Oyewale Adebayo O.
Published: February 2015

As well as the expected dehalogenative coupling products, isomers are formed via a novel radical process.
l-Proline catalyzed three-component synthesis of para-naphthoquinone–4-aza-podophyllotoxin hybrids as potent antitumor agents
Authors: Yang Xiaojuan , Zhang Chong , Wu Liqiang
Published: February 2015

A series of novelpara-naphthoquinone embodied 4-aza-podophyllotoxin hybrids were synthesized and some of the compounds exhibited excellent antitumor activities.
Influence of electrolyte additives on a cobalt oxide-based anode's electrochemical performance and its action mechanism
Authors: Yao Wenli , Dai Qinan , Chen Peng , Zhong Shengwen , Yan Zhengquan
Published: February 2015

The influences of different additives on the LIBs electrodes were investigated in detail. The action mechanism of SEI films between additives and CoO composites were confirmed too.
High yield synthesis of electrolyte heating assisted electrochemically exfoliated graphene for electromagnetic interference shielding applications
Authors: Tripathi Prashant , Prakash Patel Ch. Ravi , Dixit Abhishek , Singh Avanish Pratap , Kumar Pawan , Shaz M. A. , Srivastava Ritu , Gupta Govind , Dhawan S. K. , Gupta Bipin Kumar , Srivastava O. N.
Published: February 2015

Demonstration of high yield synthesis of graphene by electrolyte heating assisted electrochemically exfoliation method for high performance EMI shielding applications.
Assessing high school students' attitudes toward chemistry with a shortened semantic differential
Authors: Kahveci Ajda
Published: February 2015

Aims of science education are concerned not only with students' cognition but also with students' affect, an umbrella term for emotions, feelings, moods, and attitudes. Many studies have been conducted on student attitudes toward learning science in general; however, studies concerning attitudes toward chemistry are limited in number. The purpose of this research was to adapt and use the shortened version of Bauer's semantic differential, ASCIv2 (Attitude toward the Subject of Chemistry Inventory version 2), developed and validated by Xu and Lewis in 2011. Following the translation and adaptation procedures, the inventory was administered to a total of 503 high school students at four public schools in Turkey. Factor analysis was conducted to explore the internal structure of the instrument and compare factors across cultures. The results showed that the two-factor structure of the ASCIv2 measuring intellectual and emotional attitudes was valid. The alpha values suggested strong internal consistency for the instrument. According to descriptive analyses, the students in the sample had average intellectual (M= 3.60, SD = 1.47) and emotional (M= 3.93, SD = 1.75) attitudes. Univariate analyses of variance demonstrated that former success in chemistry courses as well as achievement in middle school had effects on high school students' intellectual and emotional attitudes toward chemistry. This finding supports the pattern established by previous research, suggesting that attitude and achievement are related. Conducted in a culturally and linguistically different context, this research confirms and provides strong evidence that the instrument yields reliable scores in diverse settings.
Preparation and characterization of Silicalite-1 zeolites with high manganese contents from mechanochemically pretreated reactants
Authors: Iida Takayuki , Sato Mitsutaka , Numako Chiya , Nakahira Atsushi , Kohara Shinji , Okubo Tatsuya , Wakihara Toru
Published: February 2015

Silicalite-1 zeolites with high manganese contents isomorphously incorporated within the framework were synthesized by using mechanochemical pretreatment.
Investigation of In-doped BaFeO3−δperovskite-type oxygen permeable membranes
Authors: Lu Yao , Zhao Hailei , Cheng Xing , Jia Yibin , Du Xuefei , Fang Mengya , Du Zhihong , Zheng Kun , Świerczek Konrad
Published: February 2015

An impressive oxygen permeability and good structural stability are achieved by partially replacing Fe with In at the B-site of BaFeO3−δoxides.
Construction of reduced graphene oxide-supported Ag–Cu2O composites with hierarchical structures for enhanced photocatalytic activities and recyclability
Authors: Xu Li , Zhang Fengying , Song Xinyu , Yin Zhilei , Bu Yuxiang
Published: February 2015

The resultant ternary spherical Ag–Cu2O/rGO composite with complex heterostructures exhibited excellent photocatalytic activity and higher stability.
UV-assisted synthesis of indium nitride nano and microstructures
Authors: Kao Mahalieo , Erasmus Rudolph M. , Moloto Nosipho , Coville Neil J. , Mhlanga Sabelo D.
Published: February 2015

In filled InN nanotubes (bandgap 1.89 eV) have been made for the first time by a combined thermal/UV photo-assisted process.
Ionic transport through a composite structure of N-ethyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate organic ionic plastic crystals reinforced with polymer nanofibres
Authors: Iranipour N. , Gunzelmann D. J. , Seeber A. , Vongsvivut J. , Doherty C. , Ponzio F. , O'Dell L. A. , Hollenkamp A. F. , Forsyth M. , Howlett P. C.
Published: February 2015

Composite plastic crystal electrolytes are shown to exhibit enhanced ion transport due to release of Li+ from a second phase into a solid solution.
Amine functionalized ZrO2nanoparticles as biocompatible and luminescent probes for ligand specific cellular imaging
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Nawaz , Ragg Ruben , Natalio Filipe , Sahoo Jugal Kishore , Daniel Phillip , Koynov Kaloian , Strand Dennis , Strand Susanne , Tremel Wolfgang
Published: February 2015

Surface functionalized ZrO2nanoparticles show strong photoluminescence and are a versatile tool for cellular targeting due to their chemical functionality.
Plasmonics-enhanced metal–organic framework nanoporous films for highly sensitive near-infrared absorption
Authors: Kim Ki-Joong , Chong Xinyuan , Kreider Peter B. , Ma Guoheng , Ohodnicki Paul R. , Baltrus John P. , Wang Alan X. , Chang Chih-Hung
Published: February 2015

Combined plasmonic nanocrystals and metal–organic framework thin-films are fabricated for sensing gases in the near-infrared range.
Anion recognition in water by a rotaxane containing a secondary rim functionalised cyclodextrin stoppered axle
Authors: Řezanka Michal , Langton Matthew J. , Beer Paul D.
Published: February 2015

The synthesis of a water soluble [2]rotaxane is reported using hydrophilic secondary rim functionalised permethylated β-cyclodextrin derivatives as the axle stopper groups. The rotaxane recognises halide anions in pure water with impressive selectivity over sulfate.
Vibrational properties and specific heat of core–shell Ag–Au icosahedral nanoparticles
Authors: Sauceda Huziel E. , Garzón Ignacio L.
Published: February 2015

The vibrational density of states (VDOS) of metal nanoparticles can be a fingerprint of their geometrical structure and determine their low-temperature thermal properties.
CO oxidation catalyzed by neutral and anionic Cu20 clusters: relationship between charge and activity
Authors: Ma Li , Melander Marko , Laasonen Kari , Akola Jaakko
Published: February 2015

The anionic Cu20− cluster can activate O2 molecule upon adsorption and CO oxidation proceeds efficiently with the dissociated O2.
Synergistic behaviour of ZnO nanoparticles and gemini surfactants on the dynamic and equilibrium oil/water interfacial tension
Authors: Fereidooni Moghadam Tahereh , Azizian Saeid , Wettig Shawn
Published: February 2015

In this work the effect of ZnO nanoparticles on the interfacial behaviour of gemini surfactants (12-3-12 and 14-3-14) at the oil/water interface was investigated.
Tuning into single-band red upconversion luminescence in Yb3+/Ho3+ activated nano-glass-ceramics through Ce3+ doping
Authors: Chen Daqin , Zhou Yang , Wan Zhongyi , Ji Zhenguo , Huang Ping
Published: February 2015

The first report of single-band red upconversion in Yb3+/Ho3+ activated nano-glass-ceramics through Ce3+ doping.
Icosahedral metallacarborane/carborane species derived from 1,1′-bis(o-carborane)
Authors: Thiripuranathar Gobika , Man Wing Y. , Palmero Cesar , Chan Antony P. Y. , Leube Bernhard T. , Ellis David , McKay David , Macgregor Stuart A. , Jourdan Laure , Rosair Georgina M. , Welch Alan J.
Published: February 2015

Both unisomerised and isomerised singly-metallated derivatives of 1,1′-bis(o-carborane) with both {Ru(arene)} and (CoCp} fragments have been prepared and characterised.
Metal interactions with nucleic acids
Authors: Hannon Michael J. , Reedijk Jan
Published: February 2015

Welcome to the Dalton Transactions ‘metal interactions with nucleic acids’ themed issue.
Circulating tumor cell detection using a parallel flow micro-aperture chip system
Authors: Chang Chun-Li , Huang Wanfeng , Jalal Shadia I. , Chan Bin-Da , Mahmood Aamer , Shahda Safi , O'Neil Bert H. , Matei Daniela E. , Savran Cagri A.
Published: February 2015

A parallel flow micro-aperture chip system for detection of circulating tumor cells.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 1-phenanthryl-tetrahydroisoquinoline derivatives as novel p21-activated kinase 4 (PAK4) inhibitors
Authors: Song Shuai , Li Xiaodong , Guo Jing , Hao Chenzhou , Feng Yan , Guo Bingyu , Liu Tongchao , Zhang Qiaoling , Zhang Zhen , Li Ruijuan , Wang Jian , Lin Bin , Li Feng , Zhao Dongmei , Cheng Maosheng
Published: February 2015

Following the screening of an in-house natural product database, 1-phenanthryltetrahydroisoquinoline analogues were synthesized as novel PAK4 inhibitors.
Multichannel detection of Cu2+ based on a rhodamine–ethynylferrocene conjugate
Authors: Cheng XingWen , Zhou Yi , Fang Yuan , Rui QingQing , Yao Cheng
Published: February 2015

A novel multichannel chemosensor DR3 juxtaposed with a rhodamine chromophore and the electrochemical characterization of an ethynylferrocene group was developed.
Imaging a specific mRNA in pollen with atomic force microscopy
Authors: Kim Jung Sook , Park Yu Shin , Nam Hong Gil , Park Joon Won
Published: February 2015

Distribution of ammonium transporter mRNA in a sectioned pollen is studied at the higher resolution, and localization of the mRNA in the nucleus of the sperm cells is observed.
Antimicrobial peptide-conjugated graphene oxide membrane for efficient removal and effective killing of multiple drug resistant bacteria
Authors: Kanchanapally Rajashekhar , Viraka Nellore Bhanu Priya , Sinha Sudarson Sekhar , Pedraza Francisco , Jones Stacy J. , Pramanik Avijit , Chavva Suhash Reddy , Tchounwou Christine , Shi Yongliang , Vangara Aruna , Sardar Dhiraj , Ray Paresh Chandra
Published: February 2015

An antimicrobial peptide conjugated 3D graphene oxide membrane has the ability to separate, identify and disinfect MRSA from water.
Tailored design of Cu2O nanocube/silicone composites as efficient foul-release coatings
Authors: Selim Mohamed S. , El-Safty Sherif A. , El-Sockary Maher A. , Hashem Ahmed I. , Abo Elenien Ossama M. , EL-Saeed Ashraf M. , Fatthallah Nesreen A.
Published: February 2015

Environmental concerns about the use of toxic antifoulants have increased the demand to develop novel, environmentally-friendly antifouling materials.
Comparative theoretical study of formic acid decomposition on PtAg(111) and Pt(111) surfaces
Authors: Qi Yuanyuan , Gao Jun , Zhang Dongju , Liu Chengbu
Published: February 2015

This theoretical study compares the catalytic decomposition pathways of HCOOH on pure Pt surface with the ideal single-atom model catalyst of PtAg nanostructures.
Trace amount CuII(ppm) and mixture design of CuII/PdIIcatalyzed Suzuki cross-coupling reactions based on the cooperative interaction of metal with a conjugated pyridylspirobifluorene
Authors: Li Xing , Zhang Jie , Zhao Yayun , Zhao Xiuhua , Li Feng , Li Taohai , Li H. L. , Chen Liang
Published: February 2015

The multilayers of PEI-(Cu/psf)ncould be capable of gradually discharging highly active catalytic moieties to promote the C–C coupling reactions with ultra low Cu-loadings of 1.4 × 10−5mol%.
Evolutionarily divergent, Na+-regulated H+-transporting membrane-bound pyrophosphatases
Authors: Luoto Heidi H. , Nordbo Erika , Malinen Anssi M. , Baykov Alexander A. , Lahti Reijo
Published: February 2015

Membrane-bound pyrophosphatases (mPPases) couple pyrophosphate (PPi) hydrolysis to H+ and/or Na+ transport. In the present study, we describe a novel subfamily of H+-transporting mPPases that are only distantly related to known mPPases and show an unusual pattern of regulation by Na+ and K+.
Development of leakage energy allocation approach for time‐varying interharmonics tracking
Authors: Lin Hsiung Cheng
Published: February 2015

Recently, an increasing use of power electronic facilities in industry has produced considerable harmonics and interharmonics in power systems. The power supply quality is therefore seriously threatened. The discrete Fourier transform (DFT) is currently the most important tool in signal analysis. However, a misapplication of DFT may result in incorrect outcome because of some inherent limitations such as spectral leakage or aliasing effect etc. The existing interharmonics even raise more difficulty in signal analysis than harmonics. To overcome this dilemma, this study develops a strategy of leakage energy allocation method for both stationary and non‐stationary interharmonics identification. The proposed algorithm can regain its original interharmonics amplitude by restoring all spilled leakage energy, and also finds its individual frequency component according to the distribution of spilled leakage energy. The performance effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified using the numerical examples in terms of reliability, rapid response and high‐precision performance.
Ferromagnetic resonance of patterned chromium dioxide thin films grown by selective area chemical vapour deposition
Authors: Durrant C. J. , Jokubaitis M. , Yu W. , Mohamad H. , Shelford L. R. , Keatley P. S. , Xiao Gang , Hicken R. J.
Published: February 2015

A selective area chemical vapour deposition technique has been used to fabricate continuous and patterned epitaxial CrO2 thin films on (100)-oriented TiO2 substrates. Precessional magnetization dynamics were stimulated both electrically and optically, and probed by means of time-resolved Kerr microscopy and vector network analyser ferromagnetic resonance techniques. The dependence of the precession frequency and the effective damping parameter upon the static applied magnetic field were investigated. All films exhibited a large in-plane uniaxial anisotropy. The effective damping parameter was found to exhibit strong field dependence in the vicinity of the hard axis saturation field. However, continuous and patterned films were found to possess generally similar dynamic properties, confirming the suitability of the deposition technique for fabrication of future spintronic devices.
Impurity effects on short wavelength ion temperature gradient mode in elongated tokamak plasmas
Authors: Du Huarong , Wang Zheng-Xiong , Dong J. Q.
Published: February 2015

The effects of impurity ions on the short wavelength ion temperature gradient (SWITG) driven instability in elongated tokamak plasmas are numerically investigated with the gyrokinetic integral eigenmode equation. It is found that for a moderate electron density gradient, the SWITG mode is first destabilized and then stabilized with increasing elongation κ, which is different from the conventional long wavelength ITG mode. For a large electron density gradient, the elongation can effectively stabilize the SWITG mode. Moreover, the low Z impurity ions with inwardly (outwardly) peaked density profiles have stabilizing (destabilizing) effects on the SWITG modes in elongated plasmas. Interestingly, the high Z tungsten impurity ions with inwardly peaked density profiles play a stronger stabilizing role in the SWITG modes than the low Z impurity ions (such as carbon and oxygen) do. In particular, the high Z tungsten impurity ions with a weakly outwardly peaked density profile still have a stabilizing effect. Finally, the critical threshold of impurity density gradient scale length for exciting impurity mode is also numerically obtained, indicating that the impurity mode is harder to be excited in elongated plasmas than in circular ones.
Transition from diamagnetic to ferromagnetic state in laser ablated nitrogen doped ZnO thin films
Authors: Jindal Kajal , Tomar Monika , Katiyar R.S. , Gupta Vinay
Published: February 2015

Transition from room temperature diamagnetic to ferromagnetic state in N doped ZnO (ZnO:N) films grown by pulsed laser deposition with tunable energy density has been identified. ZnO:N films deposited with moderate laser energy density of 2.5 J/cm2 are single phase and nearly defect free having N dopant substitution at O sites in ZnO lattice, exhibiting intrinsic ferromagnetism. When energy density reduces (<2.5 J/cm2), defects in ZnO:N film degrades ferromagnetism and exhibit diamagnetic phase when grown at energy density of 1.0 J/cm2. Growth kinetics, which in turn depends on laser energy density is playing important role in making transition from ferromagnetic to diamagnetic in ZnO:N films.
Lead-silicate glass optical microbubble resonator
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Ward Jonathan , Yang Yong , Feng Xian , Brambilla Gilberto , Farrell Gerald , Chormaic Síle Nic
Published: February 2015

Microbubble whispering gallery resonators have the potential to become key components in a variety of active and passive photonic circuit devices by offering a range of significant functionalities. Here, we report on the fabrication, optical characterization, and theoretical analysis of lead-silicate glass and optical microbubble resonators. Evanescent field coupling to the microbubbles was achieved using a 1 μm diameter, silica microfiber at a wavelength of circa 775 nm. High Q-factor modes were efficiently excited in both single-stem and two-stem, lead-silicate glass, and microbubble resonators, with bubble diameters of 38 μm (single-stem) and 48 μm (two-stem). Whispering gallery mode resonances with Q-factors as high as 2.3 × 105 (single-stem) and 7 × 106 (two-stem) were observed. By exploiting the high-nonlinearity of the lead-silicate glass, this work will act as a catalyst for studying a range of nonlinear optical effects in microbubbles, such as Raman scattering and four-wave mixing, at low optical powers.
Teacher scaffolding and pair work in a bilingual pre-kindergarten classroom
Authors: Henderson Kathryn I. , Palmer Deborah K.
Published: February 2015

This paper presents findings from a year-long study of pair work and bilingual development in a hybrid developmental bilingual pre-kindergarten classroom. Grounded in sociocultural theory and developed using ethnographic approaches to data collection and analysis, the researchers analyzed how a master bilingual teacher scaffolded pair work and peer teaching. Findings revealed an association between teacher modeling of language use and behavior, and student language use and behavior in pair work. How the teacher scaffolded both the structure and processes of pair work and the resulting student interaction and peer scaffolding contributes both practical teacher strategies and a deeper theoretical understanding of how teachers can create spaces for young students to engage in their non-dominant language.
Language status in two-way bilingual immersion
Authors: Hernández Ana M.
Published: February 2015

Research has shown that two-way bilingual immersion (TWBI) programs provide positive outcomes for all students to become bilingual, biliterate, and bicultural. Yet, studies have shown that there can be challenges in student-to-student interaction in TWBI programs. This study reports on peer interaction dynamics during content instruction in two 90/10 programs through lesson observations, teacher interviews, and reflections. Teachers in Grades 4–6 provided their perspectives concerning the status of English and Spanish in their classrooms. Teachers also shared instructional strategies to support students’ progress in Spanish. This study presents important instructional implications for sociocultural and sociolinguistic goals pertaining to English and Spanish speakers in TWBI programs.
Animal feed formulation: mathematical programming techniques.
Authors: Pratiksha Saxena Pratiksha Saxena , Neha Khanna Neha Khanna
Published: February 2015

Animal feed models have been derived by mathematical programming techniques and are used for the purpose of optimizing weight gain and animal yield. This paper reviews the mathematical models for the animal feed formulation on the basis of programming techniques. It describes various programming techniques for feed formulation, shortcomings and their removal by improvement of techniques.
Knockdown of the host cellular protein transportin 3 attenuates prototype foamy virus infection
Authors: Ali Md Khadem , Kim Jinsun , Hamid Faysal Bin , Shin Cha-Gyun
Published: February 2015

Transportin 3 (TNPO3) is a member of the importin-ß superfamily proteins. Despite numerous studies, the exact molecular mechanism of TNPO3 in retroviral infection is still controversial. Here, we provide evidence for the role and mechanism of TNPO3 in the replication of prototype foamy virus (PFV). Our findings revealed that PFV infection was reduced 2-fold by knockdown (KD) of TNPO3. However, late stage of viral replication including transcription, translation, viral assembly, and release was not influenced. The differential cellular localization of PFV integrase (IN) in KD cells pinpointed a remarkable reduction of viral replication at the nuclear import step. We also found that TNPO3 interacted with PFV IN but not with Gag, suggesting that IN-TNPO3 interaction is important for nuclear import of PFV pre-integration complex. Our report enlightens the mechanism of PFV interaction with TNPO3 and support ongoing research on PFV as a promising safe vector for gene therapy.
Edge effects in game theoretic dynamics of spatially structured tumours
Authors: Kaznatcheev Artem , Scott Jacob G. , Basanta David
Published: February 2015

Background

Analysing tumour architecture for metastatic potential usually focuses on phenotypic differences due to cellular morphology or specific genetic mutations, but often ignore the cell’s position within the heterogeneous substructure. Similar disregard for local neighborhood structure is common in mathematical models.

Methods

We view the dynamics of disease progression as an evolutionary game between cellular phenotypes. A typical assumption in this modeling paradigm is that the probability of a given phenotypic strategy interacting with another depends exclusively on the abundance of those strategies without regard local heterogeneities. We address this limitation by using the Ohtsuki-Nowak transform to introduce spatial structure to the go vs. grow game.

Results

We show that spatial structure can promote the invasive (go) strategy. By considering the change in neighbourhood size at a static boundary – such as a blood-vessel, organ capsule, or basement membrane – we show an edge effect that allows a tumour without invasive phenotypes in the bulk to have a polyclonal boundary with invasive cells. We present an example of this promotion of invasive (EMT positive) cells in a metastatic colony of prostate adenocarcinoma in bone marrow.

Interpretation

Pathologic analyses that do not distinguish between cells in the bulk and cells at a static edge of a tumour can underestimate the number of invasive cells. We expect our approach to extend to other evolutionary game models where interaction neighborhoods change at fixed system boundaries.
Linked annotations: a middle ground for manual curation of biomedical databases and text corpora
Authors: Goldberg Tatyana , Vinchurkar Shrikant , Cejuela Juan Miguel , Jensen Lars Juhl , Rost Burkhard
Published: February 2015

Annotators of text corpora and biomedical databases carry out the same labor-intensive task to manually extract structured data from unstructured text. Tasks are needlessly repeated because text corpora are widely scattered. We envision that alinked annotation resourceunifying many corpora could be a game changer. Such an open forum will help focus on novel annotations and on optimally benefiting from the energy of many experts. As proof-of-concept, we annotated protein subcellular localization in 100 abstracts cited by UniProtKB. The detailed comparison between our new corpus and the original UniProtKB annotations revealed sustained novel annotations for 42% of the entries (proteins). In a unified linked annotation resource these could immediately extend the utility of text corpora beyond the text-mining community. Our example motivates the central idea that linked annotations from text corpora can complement database annotations.
Intrinsic coupling modes reveal the functional architecture of cortico-tectal networks
Authors: Stitt Iain , Galindo-Leon Edgar , Pieper Florian , Engler Gerhard , Fiedler Eva , Stieglitz Thomas , Engel Andreas K
Published: February 2015

In the absence of sensory stimulation or motor output, the brain exhibits complex spatiotemporal patterns of intrinsically generated neural activity. However, little is known about how such patterns of activity are correlated between cortical and subcortical brain areas. Here, we investigate the large-scale correlation structure of ongoing cortical and superior colliculus (SC) activity across multiple spatial and temporal scales. Cortico-tectal interaction was characterized by correlated fluctuations in the amplitude of delta, spindle, low gamma and high frequency oscillations (> 100 Hz). Of these identified coupling modes, topographical patterns of high frequency coupling were the most consistent with anatomical connectivity, and reflected synchronized spiking in cortico-tectal networks. Ongoing high frequency cortico-tectal coupling was temporally governed by the phase of slow cortical oscillations. Collectively, our findings show that cortico-tectal networks can be resolved through the correlation structure of ongoing neural activity, and demonstrate the rich information conveyed by high frequency electrocorticographic signals.
Long-range functional coupling predicts performance: oscillatory EEG networks in multisensory processing
Authors: Wang Peng , Göschl Florian , Friese Uwe , König Peter , Engel Andreas K.
Published: February 2015

The integration of sensory signals from different modalities requires flexible interaction of remote brain areas. One candidate mechanism to establish communication in the brain is transient synchronization of oscillatory neural signals. Although there is abundant evidence for the involvement of cortical oscillations in brain functions based on the analysis of local power, assessment of the phase dynamics among spatially distributed neuronal populations and their relevance for behavior is still sparse. In the present study, we investigated the interaction between remote brain areas by analyzing high-density electroencephalogram (EEG) data obtained from human participants engaged in a visuotactile pattern matching task. We deployed an approach for purely data-driven clustering of neuronal phase coupling in source space, which allowed imaging of large-scale functional networks in space, time and frequency without defining a priori constraints. Based on the phase coupling results, we further explored how brain areas interacted across frequencies by computing phase-amplitude coupling. Several networks of interacting sources were identified with our approach, synchronizing their activity within and across the theta (~5 Hz), alpha (~10 Hz), and beta (~ 20 Hz) frequency bands and involving multiple brain areas that have previously been associated with attention and motor control. We demonstrate the functional relevance of these networks by showing that phase delays – in contrast to spectral power – were predictive of task performance. The data-driven analysis approach employed in the current study allowed an unbiased examination of functional brain networks based on EEG source level connectivity data. Showcased for multisensory processing, our results provide evidence that large-scale neuronal coupling is vital to long-range communication in the human brain and relevant for the behavioral outcome in a cognitive task.
Disturbance opens recruitment sites for bacterial colonization in activated sludge
Authors: Vuono David C. , Munakata-Marr Junko , Spear John R. , Drewes Jörg E.
Published: February 2015

Little is known about the role of immigration in shaping bacterial communities or the factors that may dictate success or failure of colonization by bacteria from regional species pools. To address these knowledge gaps, the influence of bacterial colonization into an ecosystem (activated sludge bioreactor) was measured through a disturbance gradient (successive decreases in the parameter solids retention time) relative to stable operational conditions. Through a DNA sequencing approach, we show that the most abundant bacteria within the immigrant community have a greater probability of colonizing the receiving ecosystem, but mostly as low abundance community members. Only during the disturbance do some of these bacterial populations significantly increase in abundance beyond background levels and in few cases become dominant community members post-disturbance. Two mechanisms facilitate the enhanced enrichment of immigrant populations during disturbance: 1) the availability of resources left unconsumed by established species and 2) the increased availability of niche space for colonizers to establish and displace resident populations. Thus, as a disturbance decreases local diversity, recruitment sites become available to promote colonization. This work advances our understanding of microbial resource management and diversity maintenance in complex ecosystems.
A Single Gene Causes an Interspecific Difference in Pigmentation inDrosophila
Authors: Ahmed-Braimah Yasir H. , Sweigart Andrea L.
Published: February 2015

The genetic basis of species differences remains understudied. Studies in insects have contributed significantly to our understanding of morphological evolution. Pigmentation traits in particular have received a great deal of attention and several genes in the insect pigmentation pathway have been implicated in inter- and intraspecific differences. Nonetheless, much remains unknown about many of the genes in this pathway and their potential role in understudied taxa. Here we genetically analyze the puparium color difference between members of the Virilis group ofDrosophila. The puparium ofDrosophila virilisis black, while those ofD. americana, D. novamexicana, andD. lummeiare brown. We used a series of backcross hybrid populations betweenD. americanaandD. virilisto map the genomic interval responsible for the difference between this species pair. First, we show that the pupal case color difference is caused by a single Mendelizing factor, which we ultimately map to an ~11kb region on chromosome 5. The mapped interval includes only the first exon and regulatory region(s) of the dopamineN-acetyltransferase gene (Dat). This gene encodes an enzyme that is known to play a part in the insect pigmentation pathway. Second, we show that this gene is highly expressed at the onset of pupation in light-brown taxa (D. americanaandD. novamexicana) relative toD. virilis, but not in the dark-brownD. lummei. Finally, we examine the role ofDatinadultpigmentation betweenD. americana(heavily melanized) andD. novamexicana(lightly melanized) and find no discernible effect of this gene in adults. Our results demonstrate that a single gene is entirely or almost entirely responsible for a morphological difference between species.
Generators and connectivity of the early auditory evoked gamma band response
Authors: Polomac Nenad , Leicht Gregor , Nolte Guido , Andreou Christina , Schneider Till R. , Steinmann Saskia , Engel Andreas K. , Mulert Christoph
Published: February 2015

Background:

High frequency oscillations in the gamma range are known to be involved in early stages of auditory information processing in terms of synchronization of brain regions, e.g., in cognitive functions. It has been shown using EEG source localisation, as well as simultaneously recorded EEG-fMRI, that the auditory evoked gamma-band response (aeGBR) is modulated by attention. In addition to auditory cortex activity a dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) generator could be involved. In the present study we investigated aeGBR magnetic fields using magnetoencephalography (MEG). We aimed to localize the aeGBR sources and its connectivity features in relation to mental effort.

Methods:

We investigated the aeGBR magnetic fields in 13 healthy participants using a 275-channel CTF-MEG system. The experimental paradigms were two auditory choice reaction tasks with different difficulties and demands for mental effort. We performed source localization with eLORETA and calculated the aeGBR lagged phase synchronization between bilateral auditory cortices and frontal midline structures.

Results:

The eLORETA analysis revealed sources of the aeGBR within bilateral auditory cortices and in frontal midline structures of the brain including the dACC. Compared to the control condition the dACC source activity was found to be significantly stronger during the performance of the cognitively demanding task. Moreover, this task involved a significantly stronger functional connectivity between auditory cortices and dACC.

Conclusion:

In accordance with previous EEG and EEG-fMRI investigations, our study confirms an aeGBR generator in the dACC by means of MEG and suggests its involvement in the effortful processing of auditory stimuli.
Mediated pleiotropy between psychiatric disorders and autoimmune disorders revealed by integrative analysis of multiple GWAS
Authors: Wang Qian , Yang Can , Gelernter Joel , Zhao Hongyu
Published: February 2015

Epidemiological observations and molecular-level experiments have indicated that brain disorders in the realm of psychiatry may be influenced by immune dysregulation. However, the degree of genetic overlap between immune disorders and psychiatric disorders has not been well established. We investigated this issue by integrative analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 18 complex human traits/diseases (five psychiatric disorders, seven autoimmune disorders, and others) and multiple genomewide annotation resources (Central nervous system genes, immune-related expressionquantitative trait loci (eQTL) and DNase I hypertensive sites from 98 cell-lines). We detected pleiotropy in 24 of the 35 psychiatric-autoimmune disorder pairs, with statistical significance as strong asp=3.9e-285 (schizophrenia-rheumatoid arthritis). Strong enrichment (>1.4 fold) of immune-related eQTL was observed in four psychiatric disorders. Genomic regions responsible for pleiotropy between psychiatric disorders and autoimmune disorders were detected. The MHC region on chromosome 6 appears to be the most important (and it was indeed previously noted (1-3) as a confluence between schizophrenia and immune disorder risk regions), with many other regions, such as cytoband 1p13.2. We also found that most alleles shared between schizophrenia and Crohn’s disease have thesameeffect direction, with similar trend found for other disorder pairs, such as bipolar-Crohn’s disease. Our results offer a novel bird’s-eye view of the genetic relationship and demonstrate strong evidence for mediated pleiotropy between psychiatric disorders and autoimmune disorders. Our findings might open new routes for prevention and treatment strategies for these disorders based on a new appreciation of the importance of immunological mechanisms in mediating risk.
Predictability of Autism, Schizophrenic and Obsessive Spectra Diagnosis: Toward a Damage Network Approach
Authors: Cauda Franco , Costa Tommaso , Fava Luciamo , Palermo Sara , Bianco Francesca , Duca Sergio , Geminiani Giuliano , Tatu Karina , Keller Roberto
Published: February 2015

Schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive and autistic disorders are traditionally considered as three separate psychiatric conditions each with specific symptoms and pattern of brain alterations. This view can be challenged since these three conditions have the same neurobiological origin, stemming from a common root of a unique neurodevelopmental tree.

The aim of this meta-analytic study was to determine, from a neuroimaging perspective, whether i) white matter and gray matter alterations are specific for the three different spectrum disorders, and the nosographical differentiation of three spectra is supported by different patterns of brain alterations. ii) it might be possible to define new spectra starting from specific brain damage. iii) it is possible to detect a “brain damage network” (a connecting link between the damaged areas that relates areas constantly involved in the disorder).

Three main findings emerged from our meta-analysis:

The three psychiatric spectra do not appear to have their own specific damage.

It is possible to define two new damage clusters. The first includes substantial parts of the salience network, and the second is more closely linked to the auditory-visual, auditory and visual somatic areas.

It is possible to define a "Damage Network" and to infer a hierarchy of brain substrates in the pattern of propagation of the damage.

These results suggest the presence of a common pattern of damage in the three pathologies plus a series of variable alterations that, rather than support the sub-division into three spectra, highlight a two-cluster parcellation with an input-output and more cognitive clusters.
An exon-capture system for the entire class Ophiuroidea
Authors: Hugall Andrew F. , O’Hara Timothy D. , Hunjan Sumitha , Nilsen Roger , Moussalli Adnan
Published: February 2015

ABSTRACT

We present an exon-capture system for an entire class of marine invertebrates, the Ophiuroidea, built upon a phylogenetically diverse transcriptome foundation. The system captures ~90 percent of the 1552 exon target, across all major lineages of the quarter-billion year old extant crown group. Key features of our system are: 1) basing the target on an alignment of orthologous genes determined from 52 transcriptomes spanning the phylogenetic diversity and trimmed to remove anything difficult to capture, map or align, 2) use of multiple artificial representatives based on ancestral states rather than exemplars to improve capture and mapping of the target, 3) mapping reads to a multi-reference alignment, and 4) using patterns of site polymorphism to distinguish among paralogy, polyploidy, allelic differences and sample contamination. The resulting data gives a well-resolved tree (currently standing at 417 samples, 275,352 bp, 91% data-complete) that will transform our understanding of ophiuroid evolution and biogeography.