bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Facile Deep Eutectic Solvent (DES) Mediated Green Approach for the Synthesis of Fluorescein and Phenolphthalein Dyes
Authors: Rather Ishfaq Ahmad , Ali Rashid
Published: March 2023

Owing to the giant significance of organic dyes in both analytical as well as supramolecular chemistry, here, we report an efficient and green methodology for the preparation of indicator dyes, namely fluorescein and phenolphthalein. This particular method involves an inexpensive, reusable, and biodegradable deep eutectic solvent (DES) of choline chloride (ChCl) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) in a ratio of 1 : 2, to furnish the corresponding dyes with an appropriate stoichiometry of the easily accessible starting materials. Strikingly, in this procedure, DES played a two‐fold role both as a catalyst as well as solvent and was efficiently recycled for four successive runs with no substantial cascading in the yields of the anticipated products. This simple yet efficient environmentally realistic protocol, to our best knowledge, is the first method, whereby DES has been employed in the successful preparation of any dye molecule to date. Hopefully, this novel procedure for dye(s) synthesis will be of much importance not only from the researchers perspective, but it will also provide a new way for both undergraduate and postgraduate level experiments.
An Inorganic‐Rich SEI Layer by the Catalyzed Reduction of LiNO3 Enabled by Surface‐Abundant Hydrogen Bonding for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Kim Subin , Cho Ki‐Yeop , Kwon JunHwa , Sim Kiyeon , Seok Dain , Tak Hyunjong , Jo Jinhyeon , Eom KwangSup
Published: March 2023

Lithium (Li) metal anodes (LMAs) are promising anode candidates for realizing high‐energy‐density batteries. However, the formation of unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers on Li metal is harmful for stable Li cycling; hence, enhancing the physical/chemical properties of SEI layers is important for stabilizing LMAs. Herein, thiourea (TU, CH4N2S) is introduced as a new catalyzing agent for LiNO3 reduction to form robust inorganic‐rich SEI layers containing abundant Li3N. Due to the unique molecular structure of TU, the TU molecules adsorb on the Cu electrode by forming CuS bond and simultaneously form hydrogen bonding with other hydrogen bonds accepting species such as NO3− and TFSI− through its NH bonds, leading to their catalyzed reduction and hence the formation of inorganic‐rich SEI layer with abundant Li3N, LiF, and Li2S/Li2S2. Particularly, this TU‐modified SEI layer shows a lower film resistance and better uniformity compared to the electrochemically and naturally formed SEI layers, enabling planar Li growth without any other material treatments and hence improving the cyclic stability in Li/Cu half‐cells and Li@Cu/LiFePO4 full‐cells.
Promoting CO2Dynamic Activation via Micro‐Engineering Technology for Enhancing Electrochemical CO2Reduction
Authors: Gong Shanhe , Yang Shaokang , Wang Wenbo , Lu Runqing , Wang Haotan , Han Xu , Wang Guilong , Xie Jimin , Rao Dewei , Wu Chundu , Liu Jun , Shao Shouyan , Lv Xiaomeng
Published: March 2023

Optimizing the coordination structure and microscopic reaction environment of isolated metal sites is promising for boosting catalytic activity for electrocatalytic CO2reduction reaction (CO2RR) but is still challenging to achieve. Herein, a newly electrostatic induced self‐assembly strategy for encapsulating isolated Ni‐C3N1moiety into hollow nano‐reactor as I‐Ni SA/NHCRs is developed, which achieves FECO of 94.91% at −0.80 V, the CO partial current density of ≈−15.35 mA cm−2, superior to that with outer Ni‐C2N2moiety (94.47%, ≈−12.06 mA cm−2), or without hollow structure (92.30%, ≈−5.39 mA cm−2), and high FECOof ≈98.41% at 100 mA cm−2in flow cell. COMSOL multiphysics finite‐element method and density functional theory (DFT) calculation illustrate that the excellent activity for I‐Ni SA/NHCRs should be attributed to the structure‐enhanced kinetics process caused by its hollow nano‐reactor structure and unique Ni‐C3N1moiety, which can enrich electron on Ni sites and positively shift d‐band center to the Fermi level to accelerate the adsorption and activation of CO2molecule and *COOH formation. Meanwhile, this strategy also successfully steers the design of encapsulating isolated iron and cobalt sites into nano‐reactor, while I‐Ni SA/NHCRs‐based zinc‐CO2battery assembled with a peak power density of 2.54 mW cm−−2is achieved.
Ligand‐Assistant Iced Photocatalytic Reduction to Synthesize Atomically Dispersed Cu Implanted Metal‐Organic Frameworks for Photo‐Enhanced Uranium Extraction from Seawater
Authors: Liu Tao , Gu Anping , Wei Tao , Chen Mengwei , Guo Xi , Tang Shuai , Yuan Yihui , Wang Ning
Published: March 2023

Uranium extraction from natural seawater is one of the most promising routes to address the shortage of uranium resources. By combination of ligand complexation and photocatalytic reduction, porous framework‐based photocatalysts have been widely applied to uranium enrichment. However, their practical applicability is limited by poor photocatalytic activity and low adsorption capacity. Herein, atomically dispersed Cu implanted UiO‐66‐NH2 (Cu SA@UiO‐66‐NH2) photocatalysts are prepared via ligand‐assistant iced photocatalytic reduction route. N—Cu–N moiety acts as an effective electron acceptor to potentially facilitate charge transfer kinetics. By contrast, there exist Cu sub‐nanometer clusters by the typical liquid phase photoreduction, resulting in a relatively low photocatalytic activity. Cu SA@UiO‐66‐NH2 adsorbents exhibit superior antibacterial ability and improved photoreduction conversion of the adsorbed U(VI) to insoluble U(IV), leading to a high uranium sorption capacity of 9.16 mg‐U/g‐Ads from natural seawater. This study provides new insight for enhancing uranium uptake by designing SA‐mediated MOF photocatalysts.
Introduction
Authors: Winter Alfred , Ammenwerth Elske , Haux Reinhold , Marschollek Michael , Steiner Bianca , Jahn Franziska
Published: March 2023

Health is one of the key components of our lives. Information systems play a role in many life situations. Life situations comprise normal living, where prevention and wellness are related to health, to emergencies, acute diseases, chronic diseases, care, and rehabilitation. Different stakeholders may have specific requirements regarding health information systems. Such stakeholders comprise patients, healthcare professionals, informal caregivers, biomedical researchers, and management staff in healthcare facilities, insurance companies, governmental bodies, and sponsors. Their requirements of health information systems are sometimes similar and therefore coincide. Other times, however, they tend to conflict and may even become contradictory. To appropriately manage health information systems in the current era of digitization, it is important to be aware of these life situations and stakeholder requirements.
Management Perspective: Scopes and Tasks of Managing Health Information Systems
Authors: Winter Alfred , Ammenwerth Elske , Haux Reinhold , Marschollek Michael , Steiner Bianca , Jahn Franziska
Published: March 2023

Management of information systems can be divided into strategic, tactical, and operational management.

Strategic management of information systems deals with the information processing of a healthcare facility as a whole. It comprises the planning of the information system’s architecture and of the organization of information management. The tasks of strategic management are planning an information system and its architecture, directing its establishment and its operation, and monitoring its development and operation with respect to the planned objectives. The strategic information management plan represents the long-term planning of the information system of a healthcare facility.

Tactical management of information systems deals with particular functions, application components, or physical data processing systems that are introduced, removed, or changed. Usually, these activities are done in the form of projects.

Operational management of information systems is responsible for operating the components of the information system. It ensures the smooth operation of the systems in accordance with the strategic information management plan of the healthcare facility.

IT governance deals with the organizational structures for decision-making in the management of information systems. Typical organizational structures include the role of a chief information officer who focuses on the strategic management of information systems, an information management board, and a department of information management in charge of the strategic, tactical, and operational management.

Management of information systems must find a balance between often conflicting goals, for example, between homogeneity and heterogeneity of the information system architecture or between functional leanness and functional redundancy.
Information Systems for Specific Health Care and Research Settings
Authors: Winter Alfred , Ammenwerth Elske , Haux Reinhold , Marschollek Michael , Steiner Bianca , Jahn Franziska
Published: March 2023

Health care in different life situations is provided in various health care settings. Consequently, the information systems of different health care settings show specific characteristics both from a technological and a management perspective.

Information systems in hospitals have to address the information needs of many clinical and administrative areas and groups of persons. Hospital information systems must therefore support a large number of functions and integrate a comparably large number of application components. Integrity and integration are thus especially crucial topics. Overall, systematic information management is essential in hospitals, being the most complex institutional health care setting.

Information systems in nursing homes are typically less complex, as the number of areas and persons is smaller. Consequently, the number of application components is lower than in hospitals. Information systems in ambulatory nursing organizations and medical offices are even less complex and may comprise an even smaller number of application systems. Nevertheless, systematic management of the specific information systems is still needed at least to some extent in order to respond to specific requirements in these health care settings.

Information systems in medical research facilities support dedicated functions such as research management or the planning and executing of studies. They typically comprise numerous application components and also have to respond to the requirement of cross-institutional or interprofessional research collaboration.

Information systems in personal environments may typically support wellness, prevention, treatment, or rehabilitation and may be either part of institutional health information systems or be realized as a separate information system in a personal environment.
Polarization Preservation and Spin Manipulation
Authors: Huang Haixin
Published: March 2023

In this chapter, we will discuss how the polarization is preserved with real accelerators, including both electrons and protons. In the end, we also present a few examples of spin manipulations.
Electron Polarization
Authors: Lin Fanglei
Published: March 2023

This chapter focuses on the introduction and discussion of electron polarization. In addition to the gyromagnetic ratio, the most different character of electrons compared to protons is that electrons radiate electromagnetic energy in a circular accelerator. A very small correction has to be applied to the electron spin flip to account for the synchrotron radiation. The different instantaneous spin flip probabilities, up to down and down to up, can build up the electron beam polarization state. However, mostly synchrotron radiation tends to disturb the electron orbital motion that is eventually balanced by the radiation damping along an equilibrium orbit. The electron spin motion is described by the modified Thomas-BMT equation with the radiative spin transition term included. Detail of the electron (de)polarization phenomena is described in this chapter. The lecture is extracted from various early theoretical papers, lectures, thesis and presentations (Lee, Accelerator Physics. World Scientific Publishing, 1999; Buon and Koutchouk, Polarization of Electron and Proton Beams. CERN-SL-94-80-AP, 1994; Montague, Phys. Rep. 113(1):1–96, 1984; Lee, Spin Dynamics and Snakes in Synchrotrons. World Scientific Publishing, 1997; Barber and Ripken, Handbook of Accelerator Physics and Engineering, 1st edn. World Scientific Publishing, 2006; Barber, An Introduction to Spin Polarisation in Accelerators and Storage Rings. Cockcroft Institute Academic Training Winter Term, 2014; Mane, Nucl. Instr. Methods Phys. Res. A 292:52–74, 1990; Berglund, Spin-Orbit Maps and Electron Spin Dynamics for the Luminosity Upgrade Project at HERA. DESY-THESIS-2001-044, 2001; Electron-Ion Collider Conceptual Design Report, 2020).
Grundbegriffe
Authors: Fischer-Kongtso Satu
Published: March 2023

Nachdem ﻿in Kapitel 1 Forschungsinteresse und Ansatz der vorliegenden Arbeit abgesteckt wurden, folgt in Kapitel 2 nun die Erörterung ihrer zentralen theoretischen Grundbegriffe. Die Unterkapitel orientieren sich an den in Kapitel 1 etablierten Konzepten: 2.1 Nation und Nationalismus, 2.2 Identität und Integration, 2.3 Kultur und Emotion, 2.4 Diskurs, Wissen und Macht sowie 2.5 Staatsangehörigkeit und Einbürgerung. Das übergeordnete Ziel ist dabei die Entwicklung eines soliden theoretischen Rahmens für einen allgemeinen Ansatz der Diskursethnologie sowie dessen spezifische Anpassung auf das Themenfeld Nationalismus und Einbürgerung.
Bausteine einer Diskursethnologie
Authors: Fischer-Kongtso Satu
Published: March 2023

Auf ﻿Basis der in Kapitel 2 erarbeiteten Grundbegriffe und der sich daraus ergebenden Vision einer ethnologisch fokussierten Diskurstheorie folgt im vorliegenden 3. Kapitel dieser Arbeit deren methodisch-operationale Ausgestaltung. Anhand einzelner Ausschnitte des zu untersuchenden Diskursfeldes – 3.1 Einbürgerungsinitiative; 3.2 öffentliche Debatte; 3.3 TGH-Lotsenprojekt; 3.4 Grenzgänger_innen im Diskursfeld 3.5 Einbürgerungsfeiern – werden Bausteine eines diskursethnologischen Ansatzes identifiziert, begründet und im Detail ausformuliert. Die mit Hilfe dieses Ansatzes im Feld gewonnenen Daten werden sortiert und für die weitere Auswertung transparent gemacht.
Die dominanten Diskursströmungen
Authors: Fischer-Kongtso Satu
Published: March 2023

Im ﻿Anschluss an den theoretischen Entwurf eines diskursethnologischen Ansatzes (Kapitel 2) und dessen methodische Operationalisierung (Kapitel 3) werden nachfolgend die Ergebnisse der in dieser Arbeit darzustellenden Untersuchung erörtert. Die Analyse beginnt in Kapitel 4 mit der Vorstellung der beiden dominanten Diskursströmungen im Diskursfeld – der staatsnationalen Strömung (Abschnitt 4.1) sowie der ethnonationalen Strömung (Abschnitt 4.2) – und stellt diese einander in einer abschließenden Konfrontation gegenüber (Abschnitt 4.3).
Prävention von Pflegebedürftigkeit
Authors: Blüher Stefan , Schilling Ralph , Stein Thomas , Gellert Paul
Published: March 2023

Hintergrund

Die Bedeutung der Prävention von Pflegebedürftigkeit wächst mit der Zunahme von pflegebedürftigen Menschen. Für Deutschland gibt es bislang nur unzureichende Daten darüber, welche Faktoren mit der Entstehung einer Pflegebedürftigkeit assoziiert sind. Die vorliegende Studie untersucht die Wechselwirkungen zwischen soziodemografischen und gesundheitsbezogenen Determinanten von Pflegebedürftigkeit, um daraus präventive Anknüpfungspunkte abzuleiten.

Methoden

Analysiert wurden die Begutachtungsdaten des Medizinischen Dienstes (MD) Berlin-Brandenburg zur Feststellung einer Pflegebedürftigkeit nach SGB XI für die Zeiträume 2017 und 2018/2019 mit Fokus auf die Antragstellenden, die über den betrachteten Zeitraum hinweg ohne Pflegegradeinstufung blieben (6037 von insg. 72.680 Antragstellenden des Jahres 2017). Soziale Faktoren wie Haushaltszusammensetzungen, Unterstützungspotenziale und Partnerschaftsstatus wurden über Text-Mining-Verfahren extrahiert und die Daten mittels deskriptiver und multivariabler statistischer Verfahren ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse

Eine erhöhte Chance, ohne Pflegegradeinstufung zu bleiben, hatten jüngere Antragstellende sowie Personen ohne Partnerschaft. Im Zeitraum 2018/2019 ebenfalls assoziiert mit einer erhöhten Chance, ohne Pflegegrad zu bleiben, waren eine Verbesserung der Gesundheit, seit 2017 ohne soziale Unterstützung zu sein, muskuloskelettale Erkrankungen sowie chronisch ischämische Herzkrankheiten. Geringere Chancen, ohne Pflegegradeinstufung zu bleiben, hatten hingegen Antragstellende mit demenziellen und sonstigen psychischen Erkrankungen.

Diskussion

Die erstmalige Untersuchung der MD-Begutachtungsdaten unter einer präventiven Perspektive zeigt, dass soziodemografische und gesundheitsbezogene Determinanten in Wechselwirkung betrachtet werden müssen, um zusätzliche Präventionspotenziale auszumachen
Homozygous loss-of-function variants in FILIP1 cause autosomal recessive arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with microcephaly
Authors: Schnabel Franziska , Schuler Elisabeth , Al-Maawali Almundher , Chaurasia Ankur , Syrbe Steffen , Al-Kindi Adila , Bhavani Gandham SriLakshmi , Shukla Anju , Altmüller Janine , Nürnberg Peter , Banka Siddharth , Girisha Katta M. , Li Yun , Wollnik Bernd , Yigit Gökhan
Published: March 2023

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita forms a broad group of clinically and etiologically heterogeneous disorders characterized by congenital joint contractures that involve at least two different parts of the body. Neurological and muscular disorders are commonly underlying arthrogryposis. Here, we report five affected individuals from three independent families sharing an overlapping phenotype with congenital contractures affecting shoulder, elbow, hand, hip, knee and foot as well as scoliosis, reduced palmar and plantar skin folds, microcephaly and facial dysmorphism. Using exome sequencing, we identified homozygous truncating variants in FILIP1 in all patients. FILIP1 is a regulator of filamin homeostasis required for the initiation of cortical cell migration in the developing neocortex and essential for the differentiation process of cross-striated muscle cells during myogenesis. In summary, our data indicate that bi-allelic truncating variants in FILIP1 are causative of a novel autosomal recessive disorder and expand the spectrum of genetic factors causative of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita.
Ketogenic diet for mood disorders from animal models to clinical application
Authors: Smolensky Ilya V. , Zajac-Bakri Kilian , Gass Peter , Inta Dragos
Published: March 2023

Mood disorders such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are often resistant to current pharmacological treatment. Therefore, various alternative therapeutic approaches including diets are, therefore, under investigation. Ketogenic diet (KD) is effective for treatment-resistant epilepsy and metabolic diseases, however, only a few clinical studies suggest its beneficial effect also for mental disorders. Animal models are a useful tool to uncover the underlying mechanisms of therapeutic effects. Women have a twice-higher prevalence of mood disorders but very little is known about sex differences in nutritional psychiatry. In this review, we aim to summarize current knowledge of the sex-specific effects of KD in mood disorders. Ketone bodies improve mitochondrial functions and suppress oxidative stress, inducing neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects which are both beneficial for mental health. Limited data also suggest KD-induced improvement of monoaminergic circuits and hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis—the key pathophysiological pathways of mood disorders. Gut microbiome is an important mediator of the beneficial and detrimental effects of diet on brain functioning and mental health. Gut microbiota composition is affected in mood disorders but its role in the therapeutic effects of different diets, including KD, remains poorly understood. Still little is known about sex differences in the effects of KD on mental health as well as on metabolism and body weight. Some animal studies used both sexes but did not find differences in behavior, body weight loss or gut microbiota composition. More studies, both on a preclinical and clinical level, are needed to better understand sex-specific effects of KD on mental health.
Modifying the microstructure of chitosan/methylcellulose polymer blend via magnesium nitrate doping to enhance its ionic conductivity for energy storage application
Authors: Nayak Pradeep , Sudhakar Y. N. , De Shounak , Ismayil  , Shetty Supriya K. , Cyriac Vipin
Published: March 2023

In this study, different weight percentages of Mg(NO3)2were added to a polymer blend composed of chitosan (CS) and methylcellulose (MC). The solution casting method was adopted to prepare the polymer electrolyte films. As the host matrix, the polymer blend consists of 70 wt.% of CS and 30 wt.% of MC. The interactions between the blend and the Mg(NO3)2salt were revealed by FTIR analysis. The deconvolution of XRD peaks followed by the calculation of crystallinity indicates that the electrolyte samples were amorphous. The bulk resistance decreased with increasing salt content, according to the results of electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and this was caused by the influence of carrier concentration. The sample containing 30 wt.% of Mg(NO3)2was determined to have a maximum value of DC conductivity of 2.12 × 10–5Scm−1at room temperature by EIS analysis. The highest conducting film’s potential stability was found to be 3.65 V. It was found that the ion transference number was 0.86. The performance of the magnesium ion battery was then evaluated after it was built using the highest conducting polymer electrolyte. Considering this, the current work proposes an eco-friendly, practical, and affordable electrolyte appropriate for making electrochemical devices.

Graphical abstract (made with biorender.com)
‘To buy or not to buy a home in a rural risk area’ by mid-to-later life home purchasers
Authors: van der Kloet Hieke T. , Bulder Elles A.M. , Haartsen Tialda
Published: March 2023

Few studies on residential mobility of ageing adults to rural areas have investigated which of them buy a home in a rural risk area. This paper examines which socio-demographic characteristics, housing attributes and earthquake circumstances influence the actual choice of mid-to-later life adults to purchase a house in a rural risk area. The study focuses on housing transactions in the Dutch Groningen rural earthquake region, compared to transactions in the Groningen rural non-earthquake area from 2012 to 2019 (N = 6,082). Buying a house in the Groningen risk area might be challenging, as the earthquakes have had a significant impact on the regional housing market, the building structure of the houses and the wellbeing of the residents. Earlier research nonetheless suggests that, despite the risks, homebuyers still purchase houses in the Groningen earthquake area. The developed model predicts which mid-to-later life homebuyers of 50 years and older will purchase a dwelling in the Groningen earthquake region. Logistic regression analyses show that characteristics of the mid-to-later life homebuyer and earthquake circumstances are decisive aspects in respect of this choice. Being a single mid-to-later life homebuyer, with a previous residence in the Groningen earthquake region or being born in this region, enlarges the probability of purchasing a home in the earthquake region. Another significant predictor of a home purchase in the earthquake region appears to be a higher earthquake intensity of the homebuyer’s previous residence. These conclusions indicate the existence of a local housing market in rural risk areas.
Unisolvence of Symmetric Node Patterns for Polynomial Spaces on the Simplex
Authors: Mulder W. A.
Published: March 2023

Finite elements with polynomial basis functions on the simplex with a symmetric distribution of nodes should have a unique polynomial representation. Unisolvence not only requires that the number of nodes equals the number of independent polynomials spanning a polynomial space of a given degree, but also that the Vandermonde matrix controlling their mapping to the Lagrange interpolating polynomials can be inverted. Here, a necessary condition for unisolvence is presented for polynomial spaces that have non-decreasing degrees when going from the edges and the various faces to the interior of the simplex. It leads to a proof of a conjecture on a necessary condition for unisolvence, requiring the node pattern to be the same as that of the regular simplex.
From technological to social innovation: toward a mission-reorientation of entrepreneurial universities
Authors: Menter Matthias
Published: March 2023

Social innovation has increasingly become an issue of policy and particularly given the policy focus on societal grand challenges. As anchor institutions, the challenge for entrepreneurial universities is to effectively respond and contribute to both technological and social innovation through knowledge and technology transfer. The current conceptualization of entrepreneurial universities is predominately focused on technological innovation. This paper argues for a mission-reorientation of entrepreneurial universities that extends the current technological innovation based conceptualization to incorporate social innovation that effectively addresses environmental and societal challenges and responds to calls in the society for more sustainable and inclusive growth. While current business models that underpin entrepreneurial universities and underlying knowledge and technology transfer mechanisms mainly incentivize the commercialization and transfer of economic knowledge, an incorporating of social dimensions of innovation allows the conceptualization of a broader and more extensive role of entrepreneurial universities.
shinyNORRRM: A Cross-Platform Software to Calculate the CIPW Norm
Authors: González-Guzmán Reneé , Elizondo-Pacheco Luis Alejandro , González-Roque Abraham , Sánchez-Torres Carlos Eduardo , Cárdenas-Muñoz Kevin Samuel
Published: March 2023

In this paper, a novelty-free software to assess an efficient CIPW Norm (± 0.006 wt.% in differences between input and output data) is presented. The package is available in the official repository for user-contributed R packages (CRAN: Comprehensive R Archive Network). The software is able to handle big data sets and considers minor and trace element compositions. The algorithm can calculate odd minerals in igneous rocks, such as cancrinite and calcite, adjust the Fe+3/Fe+2 ratio in different standard approaches, and recalculate the compositions of the rocks in an anhydrous basis (100 ± 0.003 wt.% volatile-free adjusted). Furthermore, the package calculates several petrological parameters, and the graphical outputs are displayed following IUGS scheme standards. The prime aspect of shinyNORRRM is the symbiosis of native R functions with the R package’s shiny (Web Application Framework for R) to run the norm in a user-friendly interface. shinyNORRRM can be executed in any operating system and requires no previous programming knowledge, thus promising to be the universal computational program in this matter. The output data are printed in the standard comma-separated values (*.csv) format, which is highly compatible with general spreadsheet editors. In this work, the algorithm of our program is validated using already compiled whole-rock geochemical databases.
Impact of climate change on pasture quality in Mediterranean dehesas subjected to different grazing histories
Authors: Hidalgo-Galvez Maria Dolores , Matías Luis , Cambrollé Jesús , Gutiérrez Eduardo , Pérez-Ramos Ignacio Manuel
Published: March 2023

Background and aims

Forecasted climate change and overgrazing are threatening the sustainability of dehesas, human-managed ecosystems where pastures, livestock and scattered trees coexist. Pasture quality is particularly sensitive to these global-change drivers, but there are still many gaps to broaden knowledge about the interactive effects of both factors on it. In addition, scattered trees might play a relevant role in maintaining high levels of pasture quality under future scenarios of higher aridity, but its role remains largely unexplored.

Methods

We designed a field manipulative experiment of rainfall exclusion and increased temperature aimed to evaluate the impact of forecasted climate on pasture quality under different historical grazing intensities. To test the potential buffering effect of trees, experimental plots were installed equally in two habitat types: under trees and open grassland.

Results

Warming reduced the nutrient concentration of pasture, while drought increased it. Tree canopy improved soil fertility, which translated into an increase in pasture quality. Livestock exclusion and high grazing intensity caused a decrease in pasture quality, whereas moderate grazing intensity exerted positive effects on it. Finally, warming beneath tree canopy negatively affected the P concentration of pasture, specifically in the site subjected to moderate grazing intensity.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that communities subjected to moderate grazing are more sensitive to climate change from a nutritional standpoint, likely because this management type provides high levels of P to the soil. In addition, we highlight the essential role of trees in agroforestry ecosystems to maintain high values of nutritional quality of pasture.
Ultra-Processed Food Consumption is Associated with Alcoholic Beverage Drinking, Tobacco Smoking, and Illicit Drug Use in Adolescents: A Nationwide Population-Based Study
Authors: Mesas Arthur Eumann , Girotto Edmarlon , Rodrigues Renne , Martínez-Vizcaíno Vicente , Jiménez-López Estela , López-Gil José Francisco
Published: March 2023

Background

Although evidence suggests that ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption may trigger addictive behaviors, the association between UPF intake and psychoactive substances remains unclear among adolescents, a group especially vulnerable to addiction and its potentially harmful effects on health.

Objective

To analyze the association between the consumption of UPF and alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs in adolescent students.

Method

This cross-sectional study analyzed data from the National School-Based Health Survey (PeNSE 2019), which collected information from a representative population-based sample of students aged 13–17 years in Brazil. UPF consumption was self-reported in a 24-h recall. Lifetime and use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs in the last month were also reported. Multinomial logistic regression models estimated the relative risk ratios (RRR) (95% confidence intervals – CI) because the outcome variables comprised four categories representing varying frequencies of use of psychoactive substances.

Results

The mean ± standard error number of different UPF consumed among the 95,074 adolescents included (52.3% girls) was 4.37 ± 0.02. The results from adjusted models revealed that, compared to those who reported low UPF consumption (1st tertile), those who consumed more UPF (3rd tertile) were more likely to report frequent (≥ 3 days in the last month) drinking of alcoholic beverages (RRR = 2.19; 95% CI: 1.87, 2.56), illicit drugs (RRR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.87, 2.85) and occasional (one or two days in the last month) smoking (RRR = 1.30; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.60).

Conclusions

UPF consumption was associated with alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use in a national sample of Brazilian adolescents.
Too Objective for Culpability?
Authors: Sarch Alex
Published: March 2023

To help explain in a principled way why criminal law doctrine tends to abstract away from motives and other individualized circumstances, I have defended an insufficient regard theory of criminal culpability that is more objective in certain respects than other views in the same camp. This has led Alec Walen to object that my view is too objective to be an account of culpability and is better understood as a theory of criminal wrongs. This challenge is important not least because it requires getting clearer about what wrongness and culpability are and what roles they play on a legal moralist picture of the criminal law. Here, I argue that Walen’s objection is mistaken. Once we get clearer on what distinguishes wrongness and culpability, it becomes clear that my account is best seen as a theory of culpability. This is so even though it calculates degrees of culpability in a more objective way than other insufficient regard views. Besides just defending my account from Walen’s objection, this paper aims to make a positive contribution by developing a more sophisticated version of the Manifestation Account I proposed earlier. To do this, I focus on the main area of criminal law doctrine where culpability comes apart from wrongness – namely, excuse cases. My earlier Manifestation Account is implausible – or at least limited – because it has nothing distinctive to say about how to determine the culpability of excused misconduct. Accordingly, the theory would be, if not outright false, at best incompatible with the orthodox view in criminal law theory, which takes excuses to accept wrongdoing but deny culpability. To solve this problem and enhance the Manifestation Account’s explanatory value, I show how to extend the theory to account for the culpability of wrongs where a putatively excusing condition is in play. This not only fills a gap in the Manifestation Account but has the further benefit of providing a unified reasons-based account of the main categories of misconduct in the criminal law, which shows what separates criminal wrongness from culpability both in justification cases and excuse cases. The hope is that this effort will shed light on the distinct roles of wrongness and culpability in legal moralist theories of the criminal law and provide a better understanding of degrees of culpability for criminal wrongs – not only when justifications are at issue, but also when excuses are involved.
Thermoelectric Composite of (Bi0.98In0.02)2Te2.7Se0.3/Bi2Se3 with Enhanced Thermopower and Reduced Electrical Resistivity
Authors: Hegde Ganesh Shridhar , Prabhu A. N. , Putran Suchitra , Rao Ashok , Gurukrishna K. , Shanubhogue U. Deepika
Published: March 2023

By using the solid-state reaction approach, composite polycrystalline samples of (Bi0.98In0.02)2Te2.7Se0.3/x%Bi2Se3 were created with varying amounts of Bi2Se3, (x = 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20%). The hexagonal crystal structure of the composite was revealed by x-ray diffraction (XRD) with a space group of R$$\overline{3 }$$

3
¯

m. The surface of the samples was seen to have secondary particles using a field emission scanning electronic microscope. Every sample displayed the typical semi-conducting behaviour across the entire temperature range. In the complex (Bi0.98In0.02)2Te2.7Se0.3, it was found that bismuth was coordinated with six selenium atoms and there were significant selenium vacancies. With an increase in bismuth selenide concentration, the dissolution pattern shifted to a substitutional pattern. A two fold decrease in electrical resistivity for (Bi0.98In0.02)2Te2.7Se0.3/20%Bi2Se3 composition was seen compared to (Bi0.98In0.02)2Te2.7Se0.3/5%Bi2Se3. The granular material was produced by sintering and scattering of potential barrier, a thermal process that increases the Seebeck coefficient. A 200% increase was observed in thermopower for (Bi0.98In0.02)2Te2.7Se0.3/20%Bi2Se3 compared to (Bi0.98In0.02)2Te2.7Se0.3/5%Bi2Se3 compound.

Graphical Abstract
Early sclerostin assessment in frail elderly patients with sepsis: insights on short- and long-term mortality prediction
Authors: Tirandi Amedeo , Arboscello Eleonora , Ministrini Stefano , Liberale Luca , Bonaventura Aldo , Vecchié Alessandra , Bertolotto Maria , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Castellani Luca , Mirabella Michele , Minetti Silvia , Bassetti Matteo , Montecucco Fabrizio , Carbone Federico
Published: March 2023

Unmet needs challenge clinical management of sepsis especially concerning patient profiling, enhancing recovery, and long-term sequelae. Here, we preliminarily focused on sclerostin (SOST) as a candidate biomarker to encompass such a broad range of clinical needs related to sepsis. Seventy-three septic patients were enrolled at internal medicine wards between January 2017 and December 2019 in this pilot study. Clinical examination and blood sample analyses were collected at enrollment and after 7 and 14 days. SOST levels were assessed on serum by ELISA. Thirty-day mortality was set as primary outcome. In-hospital and long-term mortality (2.5 years of median follow-up) were assessed as secondary outcomes. Patients were frail, elderly, and heterogeneous in terms of comorbidity burden. SOST levels were associated with age, cardiovascular comorbidities, and time to early death (30 days). When regression models were built, SOST displayed a high predictive value toward 30-day mortality (OR 13.459 with 95% CI 1.226–148.017) with ever better performance than validated scoring scales for critical ill patients. Such a predictive value of SOST was further confirmed for in-hospital (HR 10.089 with 95% CI 1.375–74.013) and long-term mortality (HR 5.061 with 95% CI 1.379–18.570). SOST levels generally decreased over 7 to 14 days after enrollment (p for trend < 0.001). The degree of this variation further predicted long-term mortality (HR for Δ SOST T0–day 14: 1.006 with 95% CI 1.001–1.011). Our results suggest a role for SOST in both short- and long-time prediction of worse outcome in septic elderly admitted to internal medicine wards.

Graphical abstract
Alcohol branding during rugby union matches in Ireland after commencement of Sect. 15 from the Public Health (Alcohol) Act: a frequency analysis of highlights from the European Rugby Champions Cup and Six Nations Championship
Authors: Critchlow Nathan , Purves Richard I.
Published: March 2023

Background

Under Sect. 15 of the Public Health (Alcohol) Act 2018, Ireland has banned alcohol advertising in or on the sports area during a sports event, except for branded clothing. The restrictions commenced on 12th November 2021, but concerns have been raised that alcohol branding continues to feature in the now-prohibited sporting area.

Aim

To examine the frequency and nature of alcohol brand references in or on the sporting area during two rugby union tournaments played in Ireland after Sect. 15 had commenced.

Methods

A frequency analysis recorded visual references to alcohol brands in or on the sporting area (lasting ≥ 1 s) during highlights of fixtures played in Ireland during the 2021/2022 European Rugby Champions Cup (n = 11 matches; ‘ERCC’) and 2022 Six Nations Championship (n = 3 matches). Highlights were obtained from the official YouTube channels of each tournament.

Results

Across both tournaments, 481 alcohol brand references were observed in or on the sporting area (ERCC = 420; Six Nations = 61). Most references were advertising for zero-alcohol variants (ERCC = 77.1%; Six Nations = 83.6%) but using similar brand iconography as their ‘regular-strength’ counterparts (e.g. brand names and logos). The remaining references were classified as alibi marketing for ‘regular-strength’ alcohol products (ERCC = 22.9%; Six Nations = 16.4%), as alcohol brand logos were presented without explicit reference to a zero-alcohol variant.

Conclusions

Alcohol branding continued to feature in or on the sporting area after the commencement of Sect. 15 of the Public Health (Alcohol) Act. Clarification is needed over whether the promotion of zero-alcohol products and alibi marketing is compatible with Sect. 15 of the Act.
The discrete spectrum of the Neumann-Poincaré operator in 3D elasticity
Authors: Rozenblum Grigori
Published: March 2023

For the Neumann-Poincaré (double layer potential) operator in the three-dimensional elasticity we establish asymptotic formulas for eigenvalues converging to the points of the essential spectrum and discuss geometric and mechanical meaning of coefficients in these formulas. In particular, we establish that for any body, there are infinitely many eigenvalues converging from above to each point of the essential spectrum. On the other hand, if there is a point where the boundary is concave (in particular, if the body contains cavities) then for each point of the essential spectrum there exists a sequence of eigenvalues converging to this point from below. The reasoning is based upon the representation of the Neumann-Poincaré operator as a zero order pseudodifferential operator on the boundary and the earlier results by the author on the eigenvalue asymptotics for polynomially compact pseudodifferential operators.
Wir haben den jungen zugewanderten Menschen ein Versprechen gegeben!
Authors: Schröer Wolfgang
Published: March 2023

Junge Menschen, die nach Deutschland geflohen sind, müssen erwarten können, dass die Rechte verwirklicht werden, die ihnen versprochen werden. Dies bedeutet aber auch eine gleichberechtigte Bildungsteilhabe zu ermöglichen und mit ihnen Zugänge zu den Bildungsorganisationen zu gestalten.
Production of Oligosaccharides from Pine Nut Shells by Autohydrolysis
Authors: Torrado Ivone , Dionísio Ana , Fernandes Maria C. , Roseiro Luísa Bivar , Carvalheiro Florbela , Pereira Helena , Duarte Luís C.
Published: March 2023

Pinus pinea nuts are commercial relevant Mediterranean edible forest nuts, with an increasing production and market value, whose industrial processing yields a lignocellulosic by-product, the pine nut shells, currently only used for combustion. Little research has been done on pine nut shells that could support a value-added application for this residue. This work studies for the first time the production of oligosaccharides by autohydrosis, and aims at an integrated upgrade within the biorefinery framework. Autohydrolysis was explored in the temperature range between 150 and 230 °C (corresponding to severity factors 2.13–4.63). Oligosaccharides, mainly xylo-oligosaccharides (95% of the total), were the key soluble products, reaching 28.7 g/100 g of xylan of the feedstock at the optimal conditions (log R0 4.01). Other products were monosaccharides and phenolic compounds that reached 7.8 and 4.7 g/L, respectively, under the most severe conditions. The stability of the oligosaccharides at different temperatures (room, 37 °C and 100 °C) and pH (between 1 and 11) grant them significant market potential in the food and pharma sectors. The pre-treated pine nut shells by autohydrolysis presented an improved, although low, enzymatic digestibility (14%), and an improved high-heating value, therefore advising their further valorization by thermochemical pathways.
Evaluating the Arteriotomy Size of a New Sutureless Coronary Anastomosis Using a Finite Volume Approach
Authors: Crielaard Hanneke , Hoogewerf Marieke , van Putte Bart P. , van de Vosse Frans N. , Vlachojannis Georgios J. , Stecher David , Stijnen Marco , Doevendans Pieter A.
Published: March 2023

Objectives

The ELANA® Heart Bypass creates a standardized sutureless anastomosis. Hereby, we investigate the influence of arteriotomy and graft size on coronary hemodynamics.

Methods

A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model was developed. Arteriotomy size (standard 1.43 mm2; varied 0.94 – 3.6 mm2) and graft diameter (standard 2.5 mm; varied 1.5 – 5.0 mm) were independent parameters. Outcome parameters were coronary pressure and flow, and fractional flow reserve (FFR).

Results

The current size ELANA (arteriotomy 1.43 mm2) presented an estimated FFR 0.65 (39 mL/min). Enlarging arteriotomy increased FFR, coronary pressure, and flow. All reached a maximum once the arteriotomy (2.80 mm2) surpassed the coronary cross-sectional area (2.69 mm2, i.e. 1.85 mm diameter), presenting an estimated FFR 0.75 (46 mL/min). Increasing graft diameter was positively related to FFR, coronary pressure, and flow.

Conclusion

The ratio between the required minimal coronary diameter for application and the ELANA arteriotomy size effectuates a pressure drop that could be clinically relevant. Additional research and eventual lengthening of the anastomosis is advised.

Graphical abstract
Estimation of hike events and temporal parameters with body-attached sensors
Authors: Sanseverino Giuseppe , Krumm Dominik , Kilian Wolfgang , Odenwald Stephan
Published: March 2023

The analysis of human gait is of fundamental importance for the monitoring and enhancement of athletes’ performances. The kinematics and kinetics of human gait are mostly investigated with optical motion capture systems and force plates that require specialised laboratories and limit the possible test conditions. On the contrary, body-attached sensor networks provide an opportunity for long-term acquisitions in unsupervised, naturalistic scenarios. In this study, a wearable sensor network consisting of two wireless dataloggers and two instrumented insoles with eight pressure sensors each is used. Custom algorithms for the automatic detection of hike events and the estimation of the related temporal parameters based on sensors data are presented. The proposed algorithms were tested against laboratory measurements performed on an instrumented treadmill and showed relative errors of less than 2.5% in the estimation of stride time, step time and cadence. Higher relative errors were found in the estimation of stance and swing phases. The developed algorithms were also applied in a field study. In this paper data from one subject are considered. The aim of this research work is to provide an effective sensor-based methodology for the evaluation of gait parameters in naturalistic settings.
Dermal Regeneration Template: Reconstruction in Oral Cancer Defects
Authors: Mangini Nicolò , Galvano Francesca , Pucci Resi , Battisti Andrea , Cassoni Andrea , Valentini Valentino
Published: March 2023

Background

Post ablative oral mucosal defect resulting from the removal of tumors can be treated with various techniques.

Purpose

In this paper, we are showing what, in our experience, are the advantages and disadvantages given using biosynthetic skin substitutes when dealing with this kind of lesions.

Materials and methods

Patients included in the sample came to our attention with both neoplastic lesions (11 subjects) and important scar retraction after previous oncologic surgery (1 subject). All patients underwent trans-oral resection surgery following the same surgical protocol and post ablative oral mucosal defect were treated using the dermal regeneration template. The surgical defect location, size, and time of removal of the silicone layer varied from one subject to the other.

Results

Most patients showed good healing with reduced scarring and adequate remucosalisation of the defect. The main complications were shown in a palatal lesion treated with concomitant osteal resection, which developed an oroantral fistula at follow up, and tongue lesions which showed some scarring.

Conclusions

Given our experience, we would advise using dermal substitutes when reconstructing oral defects only after a cautious evaluation of the area of the lesion, the gap size, the possible adherence of the membrane to the gap, and the presence of tissue supporting the overlying membrane.
Efficiency of Non-profit Organisations: a DEA Analysis in Support of Strategic Decision-Making
Authors: Miragaia Dina A. M. , Ferreira João J. M. , Vieira Cédric T.
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyse the efficiency of sports clubs belonging to the Academic Federation of University Sports and the influence the organisational structure holds over their performance standards. First, we included 92 clubs that registered points in the University Club. The analysis was carried out using the two-stage data envelopment analysis (DEA) methodology to analyse their efficiency. Second, we analysed how strategy, stakeholder relations and funding issues influence organisational efficiency, through a semi-structured interview with the dually efficient club manager. The results show the relevance of analysing the efficiency of these non-profit and public sport organisations.