bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between Demodex folliculorum Parasite Infection and IgE Level in the Blood
Authors: Al-Musawi Sahira Ayyed Abdul-Sahib , Hussein Ahmed A.
Published: July 2024

Background:

Demodex folliculorum is one of the most common types of microscopic ectoparasites that infect humans, It lives permanently in the hair follicles and causes Demodectic blepharitis and rosacea.

Objectives:

Evaluating the body’s immune response against infection with the Demodex follicular parasite, determining IgE levels, and evaluating the effect of some factors, such as gender and age, on infection with the Demodex follicular parasite.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 722 study samples were collected and examined comprising both males and females aged from 10 to 70 years.

Results:

results showed that infection with the parasite Demodex folliculorum had a highly significant effect (P ≤ 0.0 1) on the concentration of immunoglobulin E (IgE). A higher concentration of IgE was observed in the group of people with the parasite compared with the control group and for all age groups, and the increase was more pronounced. In the age group of 10–19 and 30–39 years, the IGE level was 81.03 and 88.69 IU/ml in the control group, and it increased significantly (P ≥ 0.01) to 466.20 and 456.34 IU/ml, respectively, in the infected group with the parasite.

Conclusions:

We conclude through the results of the current study that infection with the D. folliculorum parasite has a highly significant effect on the concentration of IgE immunoglobulin.
Phenotype and Genotypic Characteristics of Isolated Clinical Salmonella typhi Strains from Children with Diarrhea
Authors: Khudair Ketam Kadium , Ghasemi Mohammed Faezi
Published: July 2024

Background:

Salmonella and its stereotypes are an important source of human food contamination and are very strong and pathogenic in humans.

Objectives:

This study aimed to isolate Salmonella typhi from children with diarrhea and study its phenotypic and genotypic characterizations.

Materials and Methods:

In this study, 150 stool samples of children with diarrhea were collected from hospitals and medical centers and were transferred to the specialized laboratory of Islamic Azad University, Sabzevar branch, with full respect for health conditions. Peptone water, Selenite F broth, XLD, and Salmonella Shigella agar were used for primary isolation. To confirm the diagnosis, biochemical tests, such as triple sugar iron, urea agar, VogesProskauer, Indole, Simmons’ citrate, and movement, were used.

Results:

A total of 45 cases of Salmonella bacteria were isolated using the microbial culture method. This is while using the Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular method, resistance and pathogenicity genes were detected in all 45 cases of Salmonella bacteria in the samples, and most of them are homogenous in terms of antibiotic resistance content, both phenotypically and molecularly were the target genes. Therefore, it can be said that the PCR method is more accurate than the microbial culture and also the traditional methods of microbial culture are often time-consuming, tiring, and expensive.

Conclusion:

This study concludes that for diagnosis and isolation of bacteria, two methods are generally used, such as traditional methods and new methods. However, the isolation of bacteria by these methods is time-consuming and time-effective and has always caused problems for researchers. This is especially important when faced with time limitations and we have to announce the result immediately or in cases where we encounter the size of the samples.
Isolation and Identification of Candida sp. from Cancer Patients in Al-Najaf Governorate
Authors: Taiban Zahraa Kareem , Kadhum Suaad W.
Published: July 2024

Background:

The study of microbes and cancer is considered one of the challenges in sustainable development. Candida is an opportunistic pathogenic fungus that is inclined to infect the host with faulty immune function involving cancer patients. A growing amount of research has shown that Candida infection raises the host’s vulnerability to cancer, such as colorectal, gastric, and oral cancer.

Objectives:

This investigation demonstrates the isolation and identification of Candida spp. from cancer patients of the Middle Euphrates Cancer Center in Al-Najaf Governorate.

Materials and Methods:

Fifty-one blood samples were collected for the preparation of serum. The serum is cultured on SDA media, and the culture is examined for microbial growth, such as culture on SDA media, Chrom agar, microscopic examination, and then by VITEK 2 technique.

Results:

The current investigation showed that the infection percentage with opportunistic microorganisms was demonstrated as follows: 53% was Candida while 47% was bacteria and other types of yeast. The results demonstrate five different species of Candida sp., Candida species were (46%) C. parapsilosis (13.33%) for each of C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C. dubliniensis, and C. guillermondii.

Conclusion:

We concluded from our current study that some pathogenic microbes can be isolated from the sera of cancer patients, as some types of Candida were isolated, which include C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, C.dubliniensis, and C. guillermondii.
Effectiveness of Deep Breathing Technique on Pain Level of School Children during Catheterization
Authors: Shawq Adraa Hussein
Published: July 2024

Background:

Pediatric medical procedures mostly cause pain and fear among hospitalized children. Many nonpharmacological pain strategies can used to decrease children’s fear and pain in addition to decreasing the burden of medication.

Objectives:

This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the deep breathing technique on children's pain intensity during urine catheterization procedures, at Children Welfare Teaching Hospital in Baghdad city.

Materials and Methods:

A quasi-experimental study was selected to determine the effects of pain strategies through achieving the manipulation and control group, conducted with a nonprobability (convenience) sample of 60 children of both genders at the age range of 6–12 years, divided into three groups of 20 children in each group. The study was carried out at Children Welfare Teaching Hospitals, from the period October 13, 2021, to July 28, 2022. The numeric Pain Rating Scale was used to assess pain level before and after nursing intervention with three pain management methods that included deep breathing technique, pharmacological, and combination methods.

Results:

The result of the study revealed that the application of deep breathing techniques, pharmacological, and combination methods were effective in reducing children’s pain at different levels. The deep breathing method has a significant influence on reducing children’s pain. The most effective method to reduce children’s pain was a combination method.

Conclusion:

This study concludes that the application of all pain management methods in this study was effective in reducing children’s pain at different levels during catheterization. The combination method (pharmacological and nonpharmacological) was most effective in reducing children’s pain. However, the deep breathing method approved its significant influence on children’s pain.
Immunological Study of Scavenger Receptor Class B Type I Associated with Prostate Cancer Aggressiveness and Development in Iraqi Provinces
Authors: Deaibil Hussein Bahaa , Al-Dujaili Arshad Noori
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

The present study aims to explain the vital role of scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-B1) expression in aggressive and developed prostatic cancer.

Materials and Methods:

One hundred eighty males were enrolled in this study between December 2021 and June 2022. They were divided into four groups. The first group served as a control group. The second group included the newly diagnosed patients with malignant prostate cancer. The third group involved the patients who received treatment, and the last group involved those with benign prostate hyperplasia. Prostate cancer patients were divided into three stages and grades (scores). The stages are Ⅱ, Ⅲ, and ΙⅤ, and the scores are 5, 6, and 7, 8, 9, respectively. We studied SR-B1 in the serum of suspected patients.

Results:

The results revealed a significant increase in SR-B1 in prostate cancer patients compared to benign, tumor-treated, and control groups. They also demonstrated a substantial increase in SR-B1 in the subgroup with age range 50–59 years, in comparison with 60–69 years in all patient groups. In addition, SR-B1 recorded a significant increase in both new diagnosed and tumor-treated patients at grade IV compared to grades III and II and grades 7, 8, and 9 compared to grades 5 and 6 in both newly diagnosed and tumor-treated patients.

Conclusion:

This study showed that SR-B1 has an important role in aggressiveness and development of prostate cancer, with the possibility of using this marker for initial detection of cancer.
Electrolyte Imbalance and Impaired Kidney Functions in COVID-19 Hospitalized Patients
Authors: Alqershi Karrar A. , Deaibil Hussein Bahaa , Abdul-Jawad Dhuhah Hayder
Published: July 2024

Objective:

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, is a pandemic infection that first appeared in Wuhan, China and is responsible for acute respiratory illness. The symptoms of this infection range from being mild and restricted to developing fever, cough, and loss of smell or taste, to severe life-threatening pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome, and the severity could reach beyond that level and convert to a multi-organ failure or death. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is known to be the receptor that used by coronavirus to enter the cells, and hence, multi-organ infection could result. From that point, renal involvement, including impaired kidney function and electrolyte imbalance, is one of the complications that might develop.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 60 patients, 29 males and 31 females, were recruited in this study, where blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine, sodium, potassium, and chloride were evaluated.

Results:

The results revealed elevated levels of BUN and serum creatinine and decreased levels of sodium and chloride and to some extent, potassium levels. Few samples were diagnosed with increased levels of serum electrolytes.

Conclusion:

The results revealed the presence of electrolyte imbalance and kidney dysfunction associated with COVID-19 infection. Further investigations need to be carried out to estimate to what extent the changes in these biochemical parameters could be risk factors for developing acute kidney injury (AKI) and eventually death.
Circulatory Levels of C-Reactive Protein Do Not Predict Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Children: A Case–Control Study
Authors: Abdul-Amir Makki Al-Hindy Hayder , Obaid Samer Raheem , Obais Ali Mohammed , Al-Mumin Amir
Published: July 2024

Background:

One of the most severe and common childhood infections is community-acquired pneumonia (CAPn). Precise evaluation of the disease severity is crucial for decision-making. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a hepatic “acute-phase inflammatory reactant.” Research on adults with CAPn has exposed that these biomarkers are linked with disease severity, however, data on pediatric age are still restricted.

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to evaluate the association of and predictability of CRP with the severity of CAPn among children.

Materials and Methods:

This study was a multicenter, case–control, and included a total of 190 individuals (80 pneumonia patients and 110 healthy controls), with ages ranging from 1 to 30 months. Blood samples were collected to evaluate the white blood cells (WBCs), and CRP levels and to identify the causative agent of pneumonia. The results were compared between the study groups using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Results:

The results revealed that in 37 (46.3%) pneumonia cases, the causative agents were bacterial, whereas in 28 (35%) cases, the causative agents were viral, and in 15 (18.8%) the causative agent was undetermined. Around half of the participants were on artificial feeding, 80 (42.1%), were on pure breastfeeding, and only 13 (6.8%) were on mixed feeding. The total WBCs and the mean CRP plasma levels were significantly (P = 0.001) higher among the pneumonia patients. The study revealed nonsignificant variations in the WBCs, and CRP plasma levels according to sex and type of feeding. The mean levels of CRP were more elevated among patients with bacterial pneumonia. However, according to receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, CRP serum levels were not significant enough to predict pneumonia from the control subjects.

Conclusion:

This study concludes that there was an association of CRP with CAPn among pediatric patients, though there was no strong association of CRP with the causative agents. Additional validation of these results in a larger population and prospective cohorts is still desirable.
Open reduction and internal fixation of zygomatic arch fracture by transbuccal instrumentation – A prospective clinical trial
Authors: Babu Vijitha Ravindira , Selvakumar Thulasiraman , Panneerselvam Elavenil , Balasubramanian Sasikala , Menon Radhika , Raja V. B. Krishna Kumar
Published: July 2024

Background and Purpose:

The zygomatic arch is important to maintain facial projection as well as width. Hence, restitution of its form by open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) is indicated following its fracture, in certain clinical scenarios. The contemporary surgical approaches are cutaneous with associated complications. This observational clinical trial was designed to evaluate intraoral reduction and transbuccal fixation of zygomatic arch fractures.

Materials and Method:

Six patients requiring ORIF of the zygomatic arch were recruited for the study. The clinical parameters such as pain, swelling, mouth opening, facial nerve function, and scar were assessed in the pre-operative as well as post-operative period. Radiographic assessment of displacement and inter-fragmentary separation were studied on computed tomography (CT) images.

Results:

Mean pre-operative mouth opening was increased from 28.33 ± 6.80 to 36.83 ± 1.94 (P value 0.03). Mean pre-operative swelling was decreased from 34.63 ± 5.41 to 29.71 ± 2.73 (P value 0.02). The pain decreased by day 7 in all the patients (P value 0.01). No facial nerve injury (P value 1) or scar formation (P value 0.002) was encountered in our study. The inter-fragmentary separation as assessed by CT analysis revealed satisfactory outcome.

Conclusion:

Intraoral open reduction and transbuccal fixation is a simple, effective, and less invasive method to address zygomatic arch fractures with no complications.
Digitally fabricated precision attachment with cast partial framework retained obturator in a partial maxillectomy patient following mucormycosis: A case report
Authors: Chahal Sujata , Dahiya Divya , Nagar Priya , Mittal Surbhi
Published: July 2024

Oral mucormycosis mainly involves the maxilla, although it can also affect other areas of the oral cavity. Mucormycosis infection involving the maxilla spreads rapidly leading to the palatal perforation and necrosis of the bone, which eventually leads to intraoral communication between the oral and nasal cavities leading to difficulty in speech, deglutition, and mastication. Although surgical reconstruction is the best treatment modality, reconstruction of large defects still remains questionable, so prosthodontic rehabilitation of such patients restores normal functioning, enhances aesthetics, and boosts the confidence of the patient. This case presentation describes the amalgam of both conventional and digital techniques to bring out an economical and effective possible treatment modality for the rehabilitation of such patients. This case report entails the usage of a digitally fabricated precision attachment retained definitive prosthesis as a simple and effective approach to restore the acquired maxillary defect following mucormycosis.
Excision of arteriovenous malformation in an emergency situation - A case report
Authors: Mahajan Amit , Nagpal Tapan , Shah Aditya , Daithankar Sharvari
Published: July 2024

An arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is an infrequent congenital vascular anomaly that can affect the vasculature and involve the endothelium and neighboring cells of any anatomical structure. AVMs are characterized histologically by abnormal AV shunts with atypical interconnecting capillary beds. AVM can cause functional and esthetic issues like face asymmetry, pain, osteolytic changes, and unanticipated hemorrhage or squeeze and tear of the surrounding tissue without causing any symptoms. The literature search yielded limited case reports on AVMs in the facial region. Insufficient diagnosis, limited knowledge, and a lack of literature can lead to severe bleeding and potentially fatal hemorrhagic incidents following dental procedures like tooth extraction, surgery, puncture wounds, or blunt injuries in the affected area. In this manuscript, we report a case of AV malformation involving the left cheek and buccal mucosa region in a 37-year-old male patient who reported uncontrolled bleeding after trauma. This report highlights the management of AV malformation in an emergency by facial artery ligation and surgical excision.
Agenesis of third molar among the younger population of India born in twenty first century
Authors: Jadhav Ajinath Nanasaheb , Shaikh Safia Shoeb , Shushma G
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

The objective of this study was to find the prevalence of agenesis of third molar among the younger population of India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted, and a younger population (13–21 years) born in the twenty-first century were included. Individuals who required an orthopantomogram, for any reason, were recruited in the study.

Results:

A total number of 850 orthopantomograms were studied, and 298 (35.05%) individuals showed the agenesis of at least 1 or more third molars. The most common pattern of agenesis was the missing of both maxillary third molars, followed by the agenesis of all third molars. The frequency of agenesis was 18 >28 >48 >38. The study showed a significant predilection in the maxilla as compared to the mandible. There was no statistically significant gender predilection for agenesis of third molar.

Conclusion:

The prevalence of third molar agenesis is increasing rapidly with time, with no significant gender predilection and changing trends of patterns of agenesis.
Radiation effects in head and neck and role of hyperbaric oxygen therapy: An adjunct to management
Authors: Kumar Vijay , Sharma Vikas , Pandey Sandhya , Pal Uma Shankar
Published: July 2024

Background:

Radiotherapy is considered an essential treatment modality in cancers, especially head and neck cancers. Radiotherapy can be given as a definitive, supportive, or adjuvant therapy for various cancers. Radiation damage is an avoidable complication in many patients, after or during radiotherapy. It may be either dose-related, duration-related, or frequency-related. The effects of radiation damage are mainly caused by ischemic necrosis, and once settled it is difficult to manage due to the low vascularity of the affected area.

Aim:

To find out the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) in the management of radiation damage in the head and neck region.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective data of patients attending the HBOT clinic for postradiotherapy changes were recorded in an Excel sheet and analyzed in this study. Statistical analysis was done.

Result:

Our study showed that HBOT is effective in postradiation trismus, xerostomia, discharge, foul smell, discharging sinus, etc., However, it was not found to be significant in the closure of fistula with exposed bone.

Conclusion:

HBOT is an effective adjunct modality for the management of postradiation changes in the head and neck region.
Chemical preconditioning escalates chondrogenic activity in explant cultured human dental pulp stem cell study model for future temporomandibular joint regeneration
Authors: Shetty Lakshmi , Waknis Pushkar P. , Kharat Avinash , Bhonde Ramesh , Londhe Uday , Rudagi B. M. , Kheur Supriya M. , Bhate Kalyani
Published: July 2024

Context:

Human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) derived from dental pulp in conducive environment activated by chemicals can enhance chondrogenic cells for future animal model temporomandibular joint model.

Aim:

The study aims at evaluating the chemicals preconditioning (curcumin and rapamycin) efficacy toward chondrogenic proliferation of human dental pulp stem cells.

Settings and Design:

The in vitro study model with 10 premolar teeth extirpated pulp was processed under sterile chemical conditions. The cells viability was checked with calorimetric assay for adipogenic and chondrogenic, osteogenic lineages. The viability of the cells and the concentration of curcumin (CU) and rapamycin (RP) required for cell differentiation toward chondrogenic lineage were assessed.

Material and Methods:

The hDPSC was evaluated after explant long-term cultivation with characterization and chemical conditioning with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as control. MTT assay was used for cytotoxicity evaluation, cell viability, and proliferation. The dose optimization was observed with RP and CU. Chondrogenic proliferation was assessed with standard staining method of 0.1% Safranin O and 0.1% Alcian blue.

Statistical Design:

The flow cytometry analysis revealed good results for CD 90 compared to others. The intergroup analysis was done by ANOVA, and intragroup analysis was done by Post hoc Tukey’s test. The intragroup analysis showed P value < 0.05 for RP in comparison between the various preconditioning agents CU and RP. The dosage of 10 µg/ml RP was considered statistically significant.

Results:

The flow cytometer analysis revealed good results for CD 90 compared to other surface markers. The dosage of 10 µg/ml RP was having good chondrogenic cell proliferation. The intragroup analysis showed P value < 0.05 for RP in comparison between the various preconditioning agents CU and RP. The calorimetric assay (MTT) quantitative analysis of the chondrogenic cells with Safranin O stain the standard deviation (SD = 0.017 for rapamycin), Alcian blue (SD = 0.49 for RP) in comparison to DMSO (control) and CU.

Conclusion:

RP activates mTOR pathway and hence stabilizes the stem cell maintenance of human dental pulp stem cell and the dose quantified can be used for future animal temporomandibular joint animal model.
Does crown-to-implant ratio affect marginal bone loss around a single short implant at the posterior of the mandible?
Authors: Tabrizi Reza , Mehrabi Pegah , Shafiei Shervin , Azimi Amir , Moslemi Hamidreza
Published: July 2024

Context:

Short implants are acceptable treatment options for atrophic ridges; however, they increase the crown-to-implant (C/I) ratio compared to regular length implants. The study aimed to assess the correlation between the C/I ratio and marginal bone loss (MBL) in single short implants at the posterior of the mandible.

Aims:

The study aimed to assess the correlation between the C/I ratio and MBL in single short implants at the posterior of the mandible.

Settings and Design:

Cross-sectional study.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study assessed short implants with 6 mm lengths at the posterior of the mandible. The long-cone peri-apical digital radiographs were taken immediately after loading and 24 months later. Age, gender, implant diameter, gingival biotype, and implant brands were the study variables, and the C/I ratio was the predictive factor. The mean MBL at 2 years was considered the study outcome.

Statistical Analysis Used:

The Pearson correlation test was applied to assess the correlation between MBL and C/I.

Results:

Seventy implants (36 Straumann and 34 SGS implants) were studied. A significant difference was observed in the mean MBL between the two implant brands (P < 0.001). Besides, a correlation was found between MBL and the C/I ratio (P = 0.002).

Conclusions:

It seems that the C/I ratio is associated with an MBL increase in single short implants at the posterior of the mandible.
Effect of submucosal administration of dexamethasone on postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery
Authors: Sharma Divashree , Tripathi Geeta Mishra , Tiwari Rajnarayan , Mishra Ambrish
Published: July 2024

Aim:

To compare the impact of submucosal dexamethasone (4 mg) administered after the onset of local anesthesia on postoperative discomfort after third molar surgery and compare the parameters with a control group that did not receive the drug.

Methods:

A total of 60 patients indicated for surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars (mesioangular, Class II or III, and position B or C) were randomly divided into two groups of 30 patients each. After the onset of local anesthesia, the first group (Group A) received a submucosal injection of 4 mg dexamethasone adjacent to the surgical site, and the control group (Group B) received no drug. Pain, swelling, and trismus were recorded at follow-up visits on the 1st, 2nd, and 7th postoperative days. Assessment of postoperative discomfort was performed by evaluating responses through a modified postoperative symptom severity scale questionnaire, which was administered to the patients on the 7th postoperative day.

Results:

The difference in subjective pain values and the mean number of analgesics consumed was not significant between the groups. The difference in postoperative swelling was statistically significant on the 1st, 2nd (P < 0.0001), and 7th postoperative days (P = 0.0152). The difference in postoperative trismus was highly significant on 1st and 2nd postoperative days (P < 0.0001). The difference in the mean total quality of life (QOL) score, Eating, Appearance, Daily activity subscale (P < 0.0001), and Social Isolation subscale (P = 0.0002) was statistically significant between both groups.

Conclusion:

It was found that the administration of submucosal dexamethasone resulted in significantly lesser postoperative swelling and trismus and better QOL outcomes.
Breast cancer metastasizing to salivary glands: Systematic review
Authors: Gupta Sonia , Shingade Mayur Manoharrao , Pangarkar Manasi , Nithiakumar Annie Evangelin , Sharma Pallavi , Aga Nausheen , Qureshi Kinza , Hassan Muna Eisa Mohamed , Yadav Achla Bharti
Published: July 2024

Distant metastasis to salivary glands is a very rare event and most often associated with primary malignancies of the skin. Only 1-4% of all salivary gland tumours manifest with metastasis. Carcinomas of the breast, lung, kidney and prostate are those primaries that may also potentially metastasize to salivary glands. Literature has documented several studies analysing metastatic tumours in the oral region. However, very little research work has been published to date to analyse solely the Breast cancer metastasizing to the salivary glands. Thus, this review was conducted to examine the published cases of Breast cancer metastasizing to salivary glands from March 1975 to March 2023. An electronic search of the published literature was performed without publication year limitation in PubMed/ Medline, Scopus, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Science Direct, Embase, and Research Gate databases, using mesh keywords like (‘Breast cancer’ OR ‘Breast carcinoma’) AND (‘Metastasis’ OR ‘Metastases’), And (‘Salivary glands’ OR ‘Parotid gland’ OR ‘Submandibular gland’ OR ‘Sublingual gland’). We also searched all related journals manually. The reference list of all articles was also checked. Our research revealed a total of 48 relevant papers with 55 patients. Parotid was the most predominantly affected salivary gland. 14.5% of patients died with a mean survival time of 7 months. It can be concluded from this research that Breast cancer metastasizing to salivary glands is a rare occurrence. Careful evaluation of these cases is needed in order to raise awareness of these lesions and gain a better understanding of their characteristics.
A case of iatrogenic linear streaky hypopigmentation mimicking vitiligo
Authors: Mendiratta Vibhu , Kumar Meena A , Sinha Himadri
Published: July 2024

Intralesional corticosteroid (I/L CS) is a frequently used therapy in dermatology that can seldom cause linear hypopigmentation. Very rarely this linear hypopigmentation may present as multiple streaks. The most widely accepted mechanism for this side effect is the lymphatic spread of CS suspension. Here, we report a case of multiple linear streaky hypopigmentation after I/L CS mimicking vitiligo along with a review of the literature and discuss measures to minimize this iatrogenic side effect. A 32-year-old lady developed the hypopigmented atrophic patch and multiple linear streaks of hypopigmentation over the right leg after receiving I/L CS. She responded dramatically to topical tacrolimus. To prevent this side effect, the lesion may be compressed for a few minutes after I/L CS injection to prevent its venolymphatic spread. This condition requires stoppage of further I/L CS and proper counseling and reassurance to the patient.
Dermoscopy of pigmented basal cell carcinoma: a descriptive study in Indian population
Authors: Kalantri Mayuri , Khopkar Uday
Published: July 2024

Background: Pigmented basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is more common in brown-skinned than white-skinned individuals. Histopathology is the gold standard for the diagnosis. There is a paucity of published literature on dermoscopy of BCC in brown skin, particularly in the Indian population. Aims: To study the dermoscopic features of pigmented BCC in brown skin. Methods: This was a cross-sectional, hospital-based study in which dermoscopy was performed on 20 patients with pigmented BCC. Results: Out of 20 patients studied, 12 patients had noduloulcerative BCC, 3 patients had nodular BCC, 4 patients had superficial spreading BCC, and 1 patient had morpheaform BCC. Blue-grey globules, ulceration, and arborizing vessels were noted predominantly in nodular BCC. In contrast, whereas maple-leaf-like areas, spoke wheel structures, erosions, and short-fine telangiectasia were seen in superficially spreading BCC. Morpheaform BCC showed the characteristic stellate pattern of vessels, homogenous white areas, and signature pattern observed in a patient with multiple BCCs. Conclusion: Dermoscopy, a non-invasive investigation, cannot replace the gold standard histopathology but can provide valuable information for its diagnosis, identifying the subtype and presence of pigment, differentiating from its clinical mimickers, and helping in its management.
Dermoscopy to distinguish idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis from guttate lichen sclerosus flare
Authors: Goldberg Rebecca H. , Briones Naomi F. , Tejasvi Trilokraj
Published: July 2024

Guttate lichen sclerosus (LS), a rare variant of extragenital LS, is an inflammatory disorder classically presenting with whitish patches and nodules coalescing into plaques. Idiopathic guttate hypomelanosis (IGH) is a benign, typically asymptomatic idiopathic leukoderma that presents with multiple round or oval porcelain-white macules on sun-exposed areas, especially the forearm extensor surface and shins. In this study, we report a case of IGH mimicking guttate LS in a patient, highlighting the importance of dermoscopic evaluation in the diagnosis of hypopigmented skin lesions in patients with skin of color.
Levels, Trends and Determinants of Tobacco Quitting Behaviour in India: Findings from Two Consecutive Nationally Representative Surveys
Authors: Sharma Shailja , Singh Harshvardhan , Bora Jayanta Kumar , Krishnamoorthy Yuvaraj , Jaswal Nidhi , Goel Sonu
Published: July 2024

abstract

Introduction:

Quitting tobacco use is known to decrease mortality by 90% if successfully achieved before middle age. This analysis was conducted to assess the levels, trends and determinants of tobacco quitting behaviour amongst the Indian population.

Materials and Methods:

This was secondary data analysis of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 (2015–2016) and NFHS-5 (2019–2020) of India.

Results:

A rising trend (4%) in intention to quit tobacco was observed amongst women, while a decline in intention to quit (0.5%) was observed amongst men from 2015–2016 to 2019–2020. An increase in the quitting was observed amongst women with age, with higher levels of education, being married or widowed/separated/divorced, hypertensives and diabetic patients. Amongst men, a declining trend to quit was observed with increasing level of education amongst the richest and amongst smokers, alcohol users and diabetics. The trends in quitting increased amongst those who were exposed to mass media.

Conclusion:

This study shows an increase in tobacco quitting amongst females and a decline amongst men in the Indian population from 2015–2016 to 2019–2020.
Elevated Hepatitis B virus RNA levels in hepatocellular carcinoma patients compared to cirrhotic individuals: A propensity score matched analysis
Authors: Wang Yuying , Wu Juanli , Zhang Yushuang , Wang Lei , Li Tao
Published: July 2024

Background:

To delineate the levels of serum Hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA in patients with HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and study comparisons with those of individuals afflicted with cirrhosis.

Methods:

Adult patients diagnosed with HBV-related cirrhosis or HCC (initial diagnosis) were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. Serum HBV DNA level was quantified through a real-time polymerase chain reaction assay with a lower limit of quantification (LLQ) of 20 IU/ml. Additionally, serum HBV RNA was quantified employing RNA real-time fluorescence thermostatic amplification detection technology with LLQ of 100 copies/ml. Propensity score matching (PSM) was conducted to ensure balance in between-group confounders.

Results:

A total of 187 patients (47 with HCC and 140 with cirrhosis) were recruited, among whom 140 (74.9%) had undergone antiviral therapy prior to their inclusion, with varying durations. Serum HBV RNA was detectable in 89.4% of HCC patients at the time of carcinoma diagnosis. After PSM, individuals with HCC exhibited significantly elevated levels of serum HBV DNA and HBV RNA compared to those with cirrhosis (median lgHBV RNA 3.1 vs 2.0 copies/ml, P = 0.001). Subgroup analysis, including 38 patients who exhibited ultrasensitive HBV DNA negativity, revealed similar results (median lgHBV RNA 3.0 vs 0.0 copies/ml, P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Serum HBV RNA levels were significantly higher in HBV-related HCC patients compared to cirrhotic patients. The presence of serum HBV RNA positivity or elevated levels was associated with the onset of HCC.
Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells: Future regenerative medicine for clinical applications in mitigation of radiation injury
Authors: Sharma Prashasti , Maurya Dharmendra Kumar
Published: July 2024

Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) are gaining significant attention in regenerative medicine for their potential to treat degenerative diseases and mitigate radiation injuries. WJ-MSCs are more naïve and have a better safety profile, making them suitable for both autologous and allogeneic transplantations. This review highlights the regenerative potential of WJ-MSCs and their clinical applications in mitigating various types of radiation injuries. In this review, we will also describe why WJ-MSCs will become one of the most probable stem cells for future regenerative medicine along with a balanced view on their strengths and weaknesses. Finally, the most updated literature related to both preclinical and clinical usage of WJ-MSCs for their potential application in the regeneration of tissues and organs will also be compiled.
Giant Urinary Bladder Stone in Association with Acute Kidney Injury: A Rare Urological Emergency
Authors: Idowu Najeem Adedamola , Shitu Abdul-Karim Olayinka , Odeyemi Peter Olalekan , Rasheed Mumini Wemimo , Ugwuoke Chidi Ogeh
Published: July 2024

Urinary stone remains a common urological disorder. Urinary bladder stone accounts for 5% of the urinary tract calculi. They are usually  small and rarely present with complications; they may progressively increase in size, occupying the urinary bladder and resulting in the development of symptoms and complications. Our aim was to report the first case of a giant urinary bladder stone in association with  severe kidney dysfunction in our Community. We report the case of a 65-year-old man with a 1-week history of decrease in urinary output and uremia following a referral from the general hospital. Remarkable findings on clinical examination were an elderly man that was  confused, pale, and dehydrated. He had a suprapubic bladder Foley catheter which was inserted at the source of referral. Laboratory and  imaging investigation revealed raised creatinine levels, bilateral hydronephrosis, and giant urinary bladder stone. These were suggestive  of obstructive uropathy likely from the stone in association with severe kidney dysfunction. He had emergency open cystolithtomy and a  400g stone was removed. There was an immediate improvement in the urinary output and renal function. We have reported our  experience on the successful management of giant urinary bladder stone in association with acute kidney injury. The patient recovered  satisfactorily from acute kidney injury following emergency open cystolithotomy.
Myomectomy During the First and Second Trimesters of Pregnancy. A Therapeutic Dilemma: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Diaouga Hamidou Soumana , Yacouba Maimouna Chaibou , Garba Rahamatou Madeleine , Oumara Maina , Id Nafiou , Nayama Madi
Published: July 2024

Myomectomy during pregnancy is a rare situation, reserved for exceptional cases. We report two cases of myomectomy during  pregnancy. Case 1 was a 31-yearold primigravida with a large transmural myoma complicated by intense pelvic pain not responding to medical treatment due to red degeneration in a 6-week pregnancy. Case 2 was a 30-year-old primigravida with multiple myomas  complicated by necrosis and hydronephrosis. We performed multiple myomectomy at 17 weeks’ pregnancy after failure of medical treatment. Concerning the operative technique, we performed myomectomy during pregnancy followed by prophylactic cerclage of the  cervix. The operation is carried out as quickly as possible by the most experienced surgeon of the team, in order to shorten the operating  time and limit blood loss. Myomas that are in contact with the uterine cavity are not removed. In all, 500mg of hydroxyprogesterone was  administered intramusculary 24h before the procedure, intraoperatively, and after operation to limit the risk of abortion. In Case 1,  myomectomy was performed successfully without maternal or fetal complications. However, the patient developed placental abruption  at 33 weeks of pregnancy. The newborn died 3h after birth. In Case 2, myomectomy was complicated by a spontaneous abortion at the  end of the operation. The patient developed necrosis of the remaining myomas and endometritis leading to hysterectomy. Thus myomectomy during pregnancy should be performed as a last resort in only well-selected patients.
The RTS, S/AS01E Vaccine Uptake and Non-Compliance Risk to Malaria in Children 6-36 Months in Western Kenya
Authors: Okanda Irine , Okuto Erick , Abuonji Emily , Sadia Moses , Owili Patrick , Lakati Alice , Ayodo George
Published: July 2024

No Abstract
The Right To Private Property In John Locke And Humanising The Human Nature
Authors: Abel Idagu Ushie , Peter Ushingio Ushingio
Published: July 2024

This research work attempts to give an expose of the right to private property in John Locke and its relevance to Nigeria regarding humanizing the human nature. The right to Private property is a perennial issue. It is one of the major issues in social and political philosophy that great philosophers across different philosophical epochs (from ancient to contemporary epochs) have preoccupied themselves with. Every philosophy, hitherto, arises and develops out of a particular situation and in a context. The philosophy of private property, therefore, arises from the fundamental human right. This is where this work takes its bearing from to address the challenges of human violations where life and property are not given their right place. In Nigeria for instance, we see the tussle between the government, multinational companies and individuals, where individual properties are being destroyed by the government and multinationals without due consultation and compensation thereby dehumanising humanity. Against the backdrop of the negation and violation of the right to private property, Locke who is considered to be the philosopher of private property holds that the right to private property is natural and just and anyone who mixes his/her labour with nature deserves the right to ownership of private property.  It is the utmost desire and sure hope of this work that it shall go a long way to bring into the subconscious of our whole society, the relevance of the right to private property, the maintenance of life and the importance of self-development resulting to re-humanising.  The method of this research work is therefore expository, analytical and descriptive.
Caregiving practices for older persons in Africa: Changing trends and implications for transformative social work
Authors: Ikeorji Chika R. , Warria Ajwang’
Published: July 2024

In Africa, the caregiving of older adults is primarily provided by the family. However, there have been changes in these traditional caregiving practices due to changing social, economic and health landscapes, requiring a transformative approach to caring for older people in Africa. The AU Policy Framework and Plan Action on Aging/HAI have made recommendations considering the inadequacies of family caregiving. This narrative literature review examined the arguments of scholars within the position of AU/HAI recommendations within the culture of informal care for older people as well as what potential challenges and opportunities arise from the evolving perspectives on caregiving in Africa. The Ubuntu and Relational-Cultural theories were used as a framework for the study. Findings reveal that scholars have justifiably argued for the adaptation of the African perspective on caregiving for older people due to its inadequacy in addressing evolving health, social, and economic factors associated with ageing. Scholars advocate for a paradigm shift towards a more robust and integrative system of care that considers not only the traditional values and familial structures but also aligns with the changing needs of the older population to foster a supportive and effective caregiving environment for older people in Africa. It is recommended that an encompassing social care, policies, and programs should reflect the specific concerns of older women and men such that all people, irrespective of age, can live long and healthy lives.
A first ecological description of the lichen-clad larva of Eublemmistis chlorozonea Hampson, 1902 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) from a southern Afrotemperate forest.
Authors: Swart Rudi C. , Bradley Suncana , Staude Hermann S.
Published: July 2024

The unusual habit of the larva of Eublemmistis chlorozonea Hampson, 1902 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) of covering itself in its lichen host is reported and illustrated for the first time. We review the known information on this species and discuss its ecology and distribution.
Evaluation of building deformation monitoring using stereophotogrammetry method and Kalman filter model
Authors: Alademomi A. S. , Jimoh O. A. , Atojunere E. E. , Alabi A. O. , Ishola S. A. , Ayantayo-Ojo I. V. , Salami T. J. , Odumosu J. O.
Published: July 2024

This research investigates building deformation monitoring using stereophotogrammetry and integrating the Kalman filter to refine the result with conventional geodetic measurements being the baseline. By refining stereophotogrammetric coordinates with the Kalman filter, the study aims to improve measurement precision in the detection of displacement which is a measure of differences in converted stereo-coordinates obtained from the observed points over time. The refined coordinates exhibited higher accuracy compared to raw stereophotogrammetric measurements, highlighting the effectiveness of the proposed approach in reducing observational errors and relatively detected and quantified building deformations with an average rate of displacement of 0.025978169 m/epoch in the x-axis, 0.030498323 m/epoch in the y-axis, and 0.014078842 m/epoch in the z-direction, and a range of 0.000155 m/epoch to 0.593497 m/epoch. Points P03 (0.008 m/epoch), PH04 (0.021 m/epoch), and PH22 (0.037 m/epoch) on the monitored building indicated the highest displacement. This research contributes to the field of knowledge in the area of deformation monitoring by offering an innovative methodology for accurate assessment of building deformation. In the overview, this research demonstrates the potential of a simple, efficient, and cost-effective method of monitoring deformation that can ensure the safety and sustainability of engineering structures.
A TRANSFORMAÇÃO CURRICULAR POR MEIO DAS COMPETÊNCIAS
Authors: Lima José Jairo Santos , Vechi Alice Francisca da Silva , Malta Daniela Paula de Lima Nunes , Dutra Caique Alves Rocha , Gomes Antonio José Ferreira
Published: July 2024

Esta revisão bibliográfica explorou a eficácia e os desafios associados aos currículos baseados em competências, com um foco particular no desenvolvimento de habilidades específicas em contraposição ao modelo tradicional baseado em conteúdo. O objetivo principal foi examinar como tais currículos equipam os alunos para enfrentar o mercado de trabalho e a vida em sociedade, bem como suas repercussões na avaliação e na formação docente. Para isso, empregou-se uma metodologia de revisão de literatura, envolvendo a coleta e análise de dados de publicações pré-existentes que discutem o tema em questão. Os resultados obtidos indicaram que, embora os currículos baseados em competências sejam eficazes na preparação dos alunos para enfrentar desafios práticos e reais, existem barreiras significativas que dificultam sua implementação completa. Esses desafios incluem, principalmente, a resistência por parte dos educadores, que muitas vezes estão habituados ao sistema tradicional, e as complexidades envolvidas na avaliação efetiva das competências adquiridas pelos alunos. Além disso, a análise revelou que, para que esses currículos sejam verdadeiramente eficazes, é necessário que ocorram adaptações contínuas nas práticas educacionais. Estas devem visar não apenas a alinhar o ensino com as demandas contemporâneas do mercado e da sociedade, mas também a promover uma formação docente que esteja à altura desses novos desafios pedagógicos. As considerações finais da revisão destacaram a importância de desenvolver novos métodos avaliativos que sejam capazes de medir com precisão as competências que os currículos pretendem desenvolver, sublinhando a necessidade de uma abordagem educacional renovada e adaptativa que prepare os alunos de maneira eficaz para as realidades do mundo moderno.
Le nuove norme sui delitti riservati. Aspetti sostanziale e procedurali, ed. PAPALE, CL., Città del Vaticano 2023, 134 pp.
Authors: Barber Juan Damián Gandía
Published: July 2024

Recensión
VINTANEL LUCIENTES, B., Análisis de los debates parlamentarios de las leyes orgánicas de educación promulgadas en España desde 1980 a 2022, Aranzadi, Cizur Menor 2023, pp. 395.
Authors: Solá Granell Pilar
Published: July 2024

Recensión