bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Living with HIV: coping strategies of seropositive older adults
Authors: Brandão Brígida Maria Gonçalves de Melo , Angelim Rebeca Coelho de Moura , Marques Sergio Corrêa , Oliveira Regina Célia de , Abrão Fátima Maria da Silva
Published: July 2020

Abstract Objective: To identify HIV coping strategies among HIV-positive older adults. Method: An exploratory-descriptive study with a qualitative approach conducted with HIV-positive older adults in two HIV Specialized Care Services and using the Theory of Social Representations as a theoretical framework. A semi-structured interview technique was used, which was analyzed by the lexical analysis method using the IRAMUTEQ software program. Results: Forty-eight (48) older adults participated in the study. The HIV coping strategies adopted by HIV-positive older adults are to cling to religiosity and spirituality, to adhere to treatment, to have institutional support from health professionals and support from social networks, especially family and friends, and to choose to maintain confidentiality of the diagnosis. Conclusion: HIV coping strategies, among other things, are configured for seropositive older adults as sources of empowerment, hope, possibility of life and acceptance.
Dietary patterns in a nursing team measured by principal component analysis
Authors: Barreiro Patricia Lima Dias , Vasconcelos Ana Glória Godoi , Rotenberg Lucia , Griep Rosane Harter , Aguiar Odaleia Barbosa de
Published: July 2020

Abstract Objective: To characterize the dietary pattern of nursing professionals at a public hospital in Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. Method: A sectional study with nursing professionals (nurses, technicians and nursing assistants). Two 24-hour food recall records were applied, totaling 459 foods, being reduced to 24 food groups. Food patterns were identified using the Principal Component Analysis technique, followed by orthogonal varimax rotation. A Scree Plot graph indicated three factors to be extracted and loads > +0.30 were adopted to define dietary patterns. Results: A total of 309 professionals participated. The sample consisted of 85.8% of female individuals. The patterns were named “traditional” which included rice (0.747), beans (0.702) and meat (0.713); “healthy”: vegetables (0.444), greens (0.450), fruits (0.459), bananas and oranges (0.379), and “snacks”: sugar (0.661), bread (0.471), cakes and cookies (0.334), non-alcoholic drinks (0.727). Conclusion: The results highlight the “traditional” food pattern of Brazilian food consumption based on the combination of rice, beans and meat. Future studies may investigate the effect of dietary patterns on health outcomes among nursing workers.
Characterization of pervious concrete focusing on non-destructive testing
Authors: MARTINS FILHO S. T. , BOSQUESI E. M. , FABRO J. R. , PIERALISI R.
Published: July 2020

Abstract This study aims to investigate the properties of pervious concrete focusing on characterization tests by the Ultrasound Method. For this, three mixtures were produced with the paste/aggregate (P/Ag) ratio ranging from 0.45 to 0.65, water to cement ratio (w/c) of 0.3, and all the specimens were compacted with a steel rod. The application of the ultrasound method deserves special attention for the characterization of pervious concrete, due to a lack of research and the potential to develop analytical models for predicting properties from ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) as an independent variable. The UPV obtained in this study ranged from 3642 to 4262 m/s for an approximately 12% reduction in porosity, with a correlation (R²) of 0.91. It is noteworthy that the high porosity of pervious concrete causes attenuation of the ultrasonic wave. The measurements of UPV had higher values for specimens with higher densities (R²=0.87), higher compressive and tensile strengths (R² of 0.79 and 0.84, resp.), and lower permeability (R² = 0.91).
Experimental analysis of longitudinal shear of composite slabs
Authors: BRITTO G. F. J. , SILVA V. S. , GONÇALVES J. P.
Published: July 2020

Abstract The composite concrete slab systems with steel-deck incorporated has become an alternative to conventional slab models, since it often does not require the use of shoring, promoting several constructive practices, beyond operation of the reinforcement as a positive moment. The procedure of verification of composite slabs is based on the semi-empirical method m and k. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the application of the "m-k method" in a group of slabs with alternative dimensions as the usually adopted in the tests, even as to correlate the values obtained with the results found when testing the models as proposed by the ANSI 2011 test standard, since the normative method is costly and expensive. Therefore, four-point flexural tests were performed on slab models considering only one deck module, varying two spans, the same procedure was repeated in slabs with usual construction dimensions (normative models). The linear regression method was applied to the data found in order to obtain the parameters that would be analyzed. The main results show that the alternative model with the adopted dimensions does not present values that can be applied directly to the normative models, since the increase of the shear span reduces in a significant way the theoretical resistance of the slabs. Nevertheless, the values for the m and k obtained of both alternative and normative models can be adopted confidently as part of the sizing process of the respective models. The deviations between theoretical and experimental resistance satisfy the specifications of the ANSI 2011 standard for both models helped in the confirmation of the previous statement. The expectation of this paper is to assist in the search for new procedures for determining parameters m and k.
Experimental and numerical characterization of the interface between concrete masonry block and mortar
Authors: PASQUANTONIO R. D. , PARSEKIAN G. A. , FONSECA F. S. , G.SHRIVE N.
Published: July 2020

Abstract Masonry is a construction system that has been used since the beginning of civilization and is still used throughout the world. The finite element method is a recent development that allows complex problems, including structural masonry problems, to be solved. A vast amount of literature exists on finite element modeling, using software such as ABAQUS, to represent experimental masonry models. Based on this established pattern, an experimental and analytical research program was designed and implemented. Thus, a set of tests was conducted to determine the compressive and tensile strengths of the masonry components, i.e., block, mortar, and grout. Bond wrench tests, diagonal tension tests, and horizontal joint shear tests were conducted to characterize the interface between the blocks and the mortar. A finite element model was then developed to represent the physical models and the general conclusion is that the finite element model was able to represent reasonably well the physical models.
Wind load effect on the lateral instability of precast beams on elastomeric bearing supports
Authors: CARDOSO M. T. S. A. , LIMA M. C. V.
Published: July 2020

Abstract The behavior of slender precast beams related to lateral stability in the transitional and in service phases is worrying. The presence of geometric imperfections aggravates and makes the problems of instability more susceptible. The main objective of this work is to evaluate the behavior of concrete beams on elastomeric bearings and to analyze the influence of variables such as: concrete strength, wind load and bearing compression stiffness. For the numerical nonlinear analysis the software ANSYS based on the Finite Element Method was used. The analyses show that the influence of the strength of the concrete is significant in the lateral stability of the beam. The wind load represents a considerable decrease in the contact (lift off) between the beam and the bearing. Finally, the combination of these factors can result in a critical stress situation in the beam, and it is not possible to have equilibrium, causing its toppling.
From numerical prototypes to real models: a progressive study of aerodynamic parameters of nonconventional concrete structures with Computational Fluid Dynamics
Authors: SARMENTO C. V. S. , FONTE A. O. C. , PEDROSO L. J. , RIBEIRO P. M. V.
Published: July 2020

Abstract The practical evaluation of aerodynamic coefficients in unconventional concrete structures requires specific studies, which are small-scale models evaluated in wind tunnels. Sophisticated facilities and special sensors are needed, and the tendency is for modern and slender constructions to arise with specific demands on their interaction with the wind. On the other hand, the advances obtained in modern multi-core processors emerge as an alternative for the construction of sophisticated computational models, where the Navier-Stokes differential equations are solved for fluid flow using numerical methods. Computations of this kind require specialized theoretical knowledge, efficient computer programs, and high-performance computers for large-scale calculations. This paper presents recent results involving two real-world applications in concrete structures, where the aerodynamic parameters were estimated with the aid of computational fluid dynamics. Conventional quad-core computers were applied in simulations with the Finite Volume Method and a progressive methodology is presented, highlighting the main aspects of the simulation and allowing its generalization to other types of problems. The results confirm that the proposed methodology is promising in terms of computational cost, drag coefficient estimation and versatility of simulation parameters. These results also indicate that mid-performance computers can be applied for preliminary studies of aerodynamic parameters in design offices.
Desafios cotidianos e possibilidades de cuidado às crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA) frente à COVID-19
Authors: Fernandes Amanda Dourado Souza Akahosi , Speranza Marina , Mazak Mayara Soler Ramos , Gasparini Danieli Amanda , Cid Maria Fernanda Barboza
Published: July 2020

Introdução: No cenário atual da COVID-19 e das consequentes medidas emergenciais para enfrentamento, é fundamental compreender sobre os impactos gerados por esta condição em grupos sociais que vivenciam condições específicas, como é o caso das crianças e adolescentes com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Objetivos: O presente artigo visa refletir a partir de aspectos teórico-práticos sobre os desafios e as possíveis implicações da atual pandemia no cotidiano de crianças e adolescentes com TEA, apresentando possibilidades de cuidado fundamentadas na Atenção Psicossocial junto a essa população e suas famílias. Método: Trata-se de um ensaio reflexivo, elaborado a partir das ações desenvolvidas em um projeto de extensão universitária intitulado “Estratégias de cuidado em Saúde Mental Infantojuvenil frente à pandemia da COVID-19”, na Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar). Resultados e Discussão: Duas dimensões são apresentadas e discutidas: 1) estratégias de cuidado frente às implicações da pandemia no cotidiano de crianças e adolescentes com TEA; 2) A família enquanto alvo da Atenção Psicossocial no contexto pandêmico. Conclusão: As reflexões possibilitaram a compreensão das particularidades vivenciadas pelas crianças e adolescentes com TEA e suas famílias no cenário pandêmico, buscando também abordar estratégias e ações de cuidado junto a essa população. Contudo, evidencia-se a necessidade do investimento em práticas e estudos que se pautem nas particularidades dessa população durante a pandemia, de forma a contribuir para o melhor enfrentamento da situação.
Great Western railway electrification, UK: civil engineering works
Authors: Jackson Russell , Elliot Howard , Cooke Philip , Squance Roger , Drury James , Thompson Jon , Hackett Paul , Owen Toby
Published: July 2020

Overhead line electrification of existing railway lines is an essential contribution to sustainable, low-emissions public transport. Civil engineering enables a programme of electrification through clearance of the route and the protection of the public from live overhead wires. This paper considers the key civil engineering works carried out as part of the £3 billion Great Western railway electrification programme between 2012 and 2019, and explains the primary interfacing considerations civil engineers had to address. Lessons learned from the programme include the logistical, stakeholder, safety and reliability factors addressed by the civil engineering teams that delivered the works.
Energy-efficient clustering algorithm for a WSN with a distributed structure
Authors: Karasekreter Naim , Fidan Uğur , Başçiftçi Fatih
Published: July 2020

In this study, a new center-oriented clustering (CCP) algorithm that provides self-clustering of a network by using a method similar to the center-biased clustering method of the k-means algorithm is presented and differs from the literature in this respect. The proposed algorithm is compared with low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy (Leach) because it uses similar techniques, as it aims to self-organize irregularly distributed networks. In the experimental study, CCP and Leach algorithms were run in randomly generated network models and the algorithms were compared in terms of the total amount of energy remaining in the network and the number of surviving nodes. The algorithms were run on 15 different wireless sensor network (WSN) models, each of which was irregularly distributed with 100 nodes, and the amount of energy remaining in the network after each trial was recorded and averaged. As a result, it was observed that the energy in the network was 9.4% more efficient in the CCP algorithm. In addition, when the number of surviving nodes was considered, it was observed that an average of 28.3 nodes in the CCP algorithm and 18 nodes in the Leach algorithm survived.
Enteric Oxalate Secretion Mediated by Slc26a6 Defends against Hyperoxalemia in Murine Models of Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: Neumeier Laura I. , Thomson Robert B. , Reichel Martin , Eckardt Kai-Uwe , Aronson Peter S. , Knauf Felix
Published: July 2020

Significance Statement

Fecal oxalate excretion is critical in oxalate balance with progression of CKD. However, the identity of the transporter(s) responsible for increased intestinal oxalate secretion in CKD is unknown. Intestinal expression of oxalate transporter Slc26a6 is strongly upregulated in two murine models of CKD. Deletion of Slc26a6 completely abrogates enhanced fecal oxalate excretion in CKD, increasing plasma oxalate concentration. This study demonstrates that Slc26a6 mediates intestinal oxalate secretion and mitigates hyperoxalemia in murine CKD models. The findings suggest that pharmacologic approaches enhancing intestinal Slc26a6 activity may stimulate extrarenal clearance of oxalate and prevent hyperoxalemia in CKD. Future studies are needed to address whether similar mechanisms contribute to intestinal oxalate elimination in humans to enhance extrarenal oxalate clearance.

Background

A state of oxalate homeostasis is maintained in patients with healthy kidney function. However, as GFR declines, plasma oxalate (Pox) concentrations start to rise. Several groups of researchers have described augmentation of oxalate secretion in the colon in models of CKD, but the oxalate transporters remain unidentified. The oxalate transporter Slc26a6 is a candidate for contributing to the extrarenal clearance of oxalate via the gut in CKD.

Methods

Feeding a diet high in soluble oxalate or weekly injections of aristolochic acid induced CKD in age- and sex-matched wild-type and Slc26a6

−/−
mice. qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis assessed intestinal Slc26a6 expression. An oxalate oxidase assay measured fecal and Pox concentrations.

Results

Fecal oxalate excretion was enhanced in wild-type mice with CKD. This increase was abrogated in Slc26a6

−/−
mice associated with a significant elevation in plasma oxalate concentration. Slc26a6 mRNA and protein expression were greatly increased in the intestine of mice with CKD. Raising Pox without inducing kidney injury did not alter intestinal Slc26a6 expression, suggesting that changes associated with CKD regulate transporter expression rather than elevations in Pox.

Conclusions

Slc26a6-mediated enteric oxalate secretion is critical in decreasing the body burden of oxalate in murine CKD models. Future studies are needed to address whether similar mechanisms contribute to intestinal oxalate elimination in humans to enhance extrarenal oxalate clearance.
COVID-19–Associated Kidney Injury: A Case Series of Kidney Biopsy Findings
Authors: Sharma Purva , Uppal Nupur N. , Wanchoo Rimda , Shah Hitesh H. , Yang Yihe , Parikh Rushang , Khanin Yuriy , Madireddy Varun , Larsen Christopher P. , Jhaveri Kenar D. , Bijol Vanesa ,   on behalf of Northwell Nephrology COVID-19 Research Consortium
Published: July 2020

Significance Statement

AKI is a known complication of severe COVID-19. Autopsy series of patients who died with COVID-19 reported acute tubular necrosis in the kidney, and a few patient reports noted the presence of collapsing glomerulopathy in patients with COVID-19. The authors describe clinical and kidney histopathologic findings for ten hospitalized patients with COVID-19 and AKI who underwent kidney biopsy. All patients had proteinuria, and eight required dialysis. Biopsy samples showed varying degrees of acute tubular necrosis in all patients; one patient also had associated myoglobin cast nephropathy. Pathologic analysis of biopsied kidneys showed no immunohistochemical evidence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and ultrastructural examination found no viral particles. This case series reveals acute tubular necrosis as the most common kidney biopsy finding in patients with COVID-19 and severe AKI.

Background

Reports show that AKI is a common complication of severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in hospitalized patients. Studies have also observed proteinuria and microscopic hematuria in such patients. Although a recent autopsy series of patients who died with severe COVID-19 in China found acute tubular necrosis in the kidney, a few patient reports have also described collapsing glomerulopathy in COVID-19.

Methods

We evaluated biopsied kidney samples from ten patients at our institution who had COVID-19 and clinical features of AKI, including proteinuria with or without hematuria. We documented clinical features, pathologic findings, and outcomes.

Results

Our analysis included ten patients who underwent kidney biopsy (mean age: 65 years); five patients were black, three were Hispanic, and two were white. All patients had proteinuria. Eight patients had severe AKI, necessitating RRT. All biopsy samples showed varying degrees of acute tubular necrosis, and one patient had associated widespread myoglobin casts. In addition, two patients had findings of thrombotic microangiopathy, one had pauci-immune crescentic GN, and another had global as well as segmental glomerulosclerosis with features of healed collapsing glomerulopathy. Interestingly, although the patients had confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection by RT-PCR, immunohistochemical staining of kidney biopsy samples for SARS-CoV-2 was negative in all ten patients. Also, ultrastructural examination by electron microscopy showed no evidence of viral particles in the biopsy samples.

Conclusions

The most common finding in our kidney biopsy samples from ten hospitalized patients with AKI and COVID-19 was acute tubular necrosis. There was no evidence of SARS-CoV-2 in the biopsied kidney tissue.
COVID-19, Racism, and Racial Disparities in Kidney Disease: Galvanizing the Kidney Community Response
Authors: Crews Deidra C. , Purnell Tanjala S.
Published: July 2020

Podcast

This article contains a podcast athttps://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/JASN/2020_07_21_JASN2020060809.mp3
El carácter integrador del pensamiento de Morin en la formación universitaria
Authors: Varona Domínguez Freddy
Published: July 2020

Este estudio teórico se despliega en dos ámbitos. Uno de ellos es el de las ideas de una figura cimera delpensamiento complejo, Edgar Morin, de quien se revela algunas de sus consideraciones en torno a la integración, las cuales están mayormente implícitas en sus meditaciones. El otro ámbito es la formación universitaria, a propósito de la cual se reflexiona acerca del pensamiento complejo y de la eliminación de características que atentan contra el carácter integrador de la misma. Los objetivos de este trabajo son: argumentar el carácter integrador del pensamiento de Morin, y criticar las acciones que reducen el carácter integrador propio de la formación universitaria. La metodología empleada es la Documental, consistente en el estudio crítico de textos y el análisis de información escrita. Algunos de los resultados son: la revelación del carácter integrador de las ideas de Morin, la formulación de una definición de la categoría académica formación, y la crítica a la reducción del carácter integrador consustancial a la formación universitaria. Entre las conclusiones están: el carácter integrador del pensamiento de Morin tiene una base objetiva; el rasgo distintivo de la formación académica es que se realiza desde la conciencia del implicado y la atención a la afectividad en la formación universitaria fortalece su carácter integrador.
La educación bajo el signo de la complejidad
Authors: Joaqui Robles Darwin , Ortiz Granja Dorys Noemy
Published: July 2020

La complejidad involucra la adopción de una nueva visión del mundo, de uno mismo y de las relaciones entrevarios niveles implicados. El problema básico es que existe una desarticulación entre un discurso que declarala complejidad como constructo esencial y una práctica esquemática y reduccionista que genera un contextoincoherente para el aprendizaje. Se trata de introducir una comprensión holística que pretende responder a los nuevos desafíos que la vida y el ecosistema plantean en el momento actual. El objetivo es considerar algunas reflexiones acerca de la complejidad para luego, plantear la educación desde esta visión usando una metodología descriptiva y analítica, desde una postura reflexiva, en diálogo entre diversas posturas y con aportes de varios autores para tratar de volver simple algo que es complejo en sí mismo. Para realizar el recorrido, se plantean algunas ideas introductorias sobre el tema; luego se define la complejidad desde su origen semántico para caracterizarla en sus elementos más determinantes. Posteriormente, se pasa a describir sus principios: dialógico, de recursividad organizacional y hologramático. En un siguiente momento, se plantea la educación y los elementos que debe considerar para volverse compleja y terminar con el planteamiento de algunos desafíos que enfrentan las personas si desean proponer o aún más, desarrollar una Educación bajo el Signo de la Complejidad.
El movimiento estudiantil secundario en Chile abordado desde la complejidad
Authors: Varas González René Antonio , Betancourt Sáez Marcela Eliana , Rodríguez Mancilla Héctor Marcelo
Published: July 2020

Este artículo tiene por objetivo analizar el movimiento estudiantil secundario de Chiledesde un abordaje transdisciplinar, como fenómeno complejo insuficientemente investigadoy reflexionado por parte de las ciencias sociales y las humanidades. El problema general enel que se inscribe este objetivo es el de la crisis de las instituciones de la democracia liberal, ymás específicamente, el de las relaciones entre los conceptos de ciudadanía y complejidad, parala interpretación del movimiento estudiantil secundario. Partiendo de la distinción entre aquellaparticipación ciudadana que se concreta bajo formas institucionalizadas de delegación del poderen una elite política; y una ciudadanía participativa, crítica y transformadora, que promueve yse realiza en formas de asociación y organización política igualitarias, en el ejercicio de unasoberanía como praxis comprometida con la construcción de lo público y del bien común. Lainformación ha sido analizada recurriendo a métodos hermenéutico-comprensivos propios de lasciencias sociales y las humanidades, cuyos fundamentos dialogan con la tradición del pensamientocomplejo, convergiendo en la crítica al reduccionismo positivista del conocimiento. Se concluyeestableciendo la existencia de una tendencia o transición al interior del movimiento estudiantilsecundario, que va desde formas de asociatividad y organizaciones propias del modelo liberal, quedelega la soberanía de la ciudadanía en representantes electos o electas, hacia la preeminencia deotra corriente, de carácter contra hegemónico: un modelo democrático de participación directa eigualitaria en el autogobierno comunitario.
COVID-19 ARTIC v3 Illumina library construction and sequencing protocol - short amplicons (275bp) v1
Authors: Dawson Emma , Park Naomi , James Keith , Quick Josh
Published: July 2020

This SOP describes the procedure for generating cDNA from SARS-CoV-2 viral nucleic acid extracts and subsequently producing 275nt amplicons. This is followed by library construction, equivolume pooling of samples and quantitation, prior to sequencing on the Illumina NovaSeq. A key benefit of the short amplicon method is that it can be utilised on any Illumina platform with a 300 cycle (or greater) kit. It is an adaptation of the 400nt COVID-19 ARTIC v3 amplicon protocol which can be found here: https://www.protocols.io/view/covid-19-artic-v3-illumina-library-construction-an-bgxjjxkn Both the above protocols were adapted from the nCov-2019 sequencing protocol: https://www.protocols.io/view/ncov-2019-sequencing-protocol-bbmuik6w
Medya Siyaset Etkileşimi Bağlamında Türkiye’de Siyasetin Medya Alanındaki Düzenlemeleri Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: AKDAĞ Mustafa
Published: July 2020

Medya ve siyaset, kamusal hizmet yapan, toplum tarafından görevlendirilen alternatifsiz bir sistem olarak görülmektedir. İki kurumun da çalışmalarını, toplum adına yürüttüğünü söylemek mümkündür. Bu açıdan kaçınılmaz bir diyalektik ilişki içinde bulunan kurumlar, toplumsal sistemdeki ilişki ve etkileşimler, birbirine bakış açıları ve toplumsal çıktıları açılarından incelendiğinde sorumluluklarının bilincinde hareket etmelidir. Kitleleri bilgilendirmeyi ve buna bağlı olarak yönlendirme merkezlerini içine alan medya ile bu fonksiyonları kendi doğasından ve biraz da sistemden alan siyaset arasında her zaman bir işbirliği ve bunun yanı sıra bir çatışma söz konusudur. Her iki güç de yönlendirme ve bilgilendirmenin kendi tekelinde olmasını tercih etmekte ve zaman zaman bunu paylaşımla elde etmektedir. Dolayısıyla medya ve siyaset, her zaman ve her durumda sürekli etkileşim ve iletişim içinde olmak zorundadır. Sürekli etkileşimin getirdiği durumların değerlendirilmesi, insanların medyayı nasıl okuması veya nasıl görmesi gerektiği açısından önem taşımaktadır. Medyanın gerçekten haber verme ve kamuoyunu bilgilendirme fonksiyonu siyasetle ilişkisi bağlamında değerlendirilmelidir. Siyasetin istediği ya da öne sürdüğü çalışmaları, faaliyetleri ulaştırmak için medyaya baskı yapmak amacıyla birtakım düzenlemeleri kullanması ve bu düzenlemeleri medyanın tepesinde bir kılıç gibi tutması medyanın tarafsızlığını ve objektif haber sunma gücünü zayıflatacaktır. Sonucunda siyaset tarafından her zaman baskılanan ve çeşitli düzenlemelerle denetim altında tutulan, yeri geldiğinde propaganda aracı olarak kullanılan bir mecra ortaya çıkmaktadır.
İkinci Dünya Savaşı’nda Kıyı ve İç Hat Savunması: Çakmak Hattı (Büyükçekmece-Çatalca) Koruganları
Authors: Aydın Salim
Published: July 2020

Koruganlar, bir saldırı esnasında kendi bölgesini özellikle tank ve uçak bombardımanına karşı korumaya çalışan savunma yapılarıdır. Bu dayanıklı sığınaklar yüzyıllardır devam eden savaş stratejisinin ve teknolojisinin bir sonucudur. Koruganların ana malzemesini demir ve beton oluşturmaktadır. Sanayi Devrimi’nden sonra teknoloji oldukça ilerlemiş İkinci Dünya Savaşı öncesinde uçakların ve tankların daha çok ön plana çıkmasıyla koruganların önemi iyice artmıştır. Bu yapılar, Dünya’da ilk defa 1904 yılında Rus-Japon Savaşı’nda Ruslar tarafından kullanılmıştır. Koruganlara, Avrupa’da blockhouse, pillbox, bunker, Türkiye’de ise “korugan” adı verilmiştir. Avrupa’da özellikle de Fransa’da, İkinci Dünya Savaşı öncesinde savunma stratejisi olarak koruganlar yapılmaya başlanmıştır. Özellikle Türkiye’de, bahsi geçen Avrupa’nın bu savunma stratejisi politikasını uygulamıştır. Dönemin Genelkurmay Başkanı Fevzi Çakmak’ın talimatıyla koruganlar Marmara Bölgesinin stratejik öneme sahip noktaları ile Batı Anadolu’nun kıyı şeridinde bazı noktalara yapılmıştır. Çakmak Hattı adı verilen koruganların en yoğun yapıldığı yer, Osmanlı Devleti’nin son döneminde İstanbul’u korumak maksadıyla oluşturulan Çatalca Hattı ile aynı bölgededir. “Çakmak Hattı”, Büyükçekmece Gölü ile Terkos (Durusu) Gölü’nün doğusu, bunların arasında kalan bölgeyi kapsamaktadır. Çakmak Hattı’nda büyüklüğüne ve kullanım amacına göre yaklaşık on farklı tipte korugan tespit edilmiştir. Türkiye’de İkinci Dünya Savaşı tehlikesinin geçmesi üzerine koruganlar kaderine terkedilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, kaderine terkedilen koruganlar ele alınmakta ve tarihi mirası yaşatmak için nelerin yapılabileceğini değerlendirilmektedir.
Scheduling Algorithms in Map Reduce
Authors: Sangani Sahil
Published: July 2020

Data generated in the past few years cannot be efficiently manipulated with the traditional way of storing techniques as it is a large-scale dataset, and it can be structured, semi-structured, or unstructured. To deal with this kind of enormous dataset Hadoop framework is used, which supports the processing of large dataset in a distributed computing environment. Hadoop uses a technique named as MapReduce for processing and generating a large dataset with a parallel distributed algorithm on a cluster. It automatically handles failures and data loss due to its fault-tolerance property. The scheduler is a pluggable component of the MapReduce framework. Hadoop MapReduce framework uses various scheduler as per the requirements of the task. FIFO (First In First Out) is a default algorithm used by Hadoop, in which the jobs are executed in the order of their arrival. This paper will discuss myriad of schedulers such as FIFO, Capacity Scheduler, LATE Scheduler, Fair Scheduler, Delay Scheduler, Deadline Constraint Scheduler, and Resource Aware Scheduler. Besides these schedulers, we also conducted study of comparison of schedulers like Round Robin, Weighted Round Robin, Self-adaptive Reduce Scheduling (SARS), Self-adaptive MapReduce Scheduling (SAMR), Dynamic Priority Scheduling, Learning Scheduling, Classification & Optimization-based Scheduler (COSHH), Network-Aware, Match-matching, and Energy-Aware Scheduler. Hopefully, this study will enhance the understanding of the specific schedulers and stimulate other developers and consumers to make accurate decisions for their specific research interests.
La concepción moderna de felicidad en Descartes
Authors: Estrada López Marvin Sebastián
Published: July 2020

Resumen: en este artículo se muestra la nueva concepción cartesiana de felicidad y su reforma del modelo eudemonista griego. Principalmente, se resaltan tres cosas. La primera es que la felicidad cartesiana consiste en un estado en que la mente se encuentra tanto contenta como satisfecha. Descartes no considera que la felicidad sea un bien, sino que es el placer que gozamos cuando alcanzamos el bien supremo. Por eso, la segunda cosa que vale la pena notar es que la felicidad, para Descartes, no ocupa el lugar del bien supremo. Finalmente, la tercera cosa que quiero señalar es que Descartes propone dos fines para nuestras acciones. Para examinar los cambios propuestos por esa reforma, prestaré especial atención a los tres puntos mencionados. Finalmente, mostraré cómo Descartes interpreta favorablemente las teorías de Aristóteles, Zenón y Epicuro, siguiendo su nuevo modelo.
La cercanía-lejanía entre pensar y poetizar en Martin Heidegger
Authors: Ortega Chacón Orlando
Published: July 2020

Resumen: en las obras tardías de Martin Heidegger puede advertirse una dificultad de distinción entre dos aspectos fundamentales de su pensamiento: pensar y poetizar. No resultan muy claras las distinciones que el mismo filósofo establece, por ejemplo: “así y todo, no podemos decidir aquí de manera definitiva si la poesía es, en lo propio, una forma de pensamiento o si el pensamiento es, en lo propio, una forma de poesía” (Heidegger, 2002, p. 140). Es bastante «oscura» la relación entre estos dos modos del decir, más aún cuando el mismo filósofo alemán deja en claro que estos dos «vecinos» se encuentran bajo una «luminosa» diferencia. Por ello, surge la pregunta: ¿qué tan clara tiene el mismo Heidegger la diferencia entre pensar y poetizar cuando reconoce una «oscuridad» en la relación, pero afirma una «luminosidad» en la diferencia?
Una aproximación al concepto de justicia en el historicismo británico del siglo XVIII
Authors: Gómez Alarcón Andrés Eduardo
Published: July 2020

Resumen: en la Inglaterra del siglo XVIII se encontraban reunidos varios de los pensadores más importantes de la época, quienes provenían de distintas zonas del Reino Unido, como es el caso de David Hume y Adam Smith, provenientes de Escocia, al igual que Edmund Burke, oriundo de Irlanda, los cuales aportaron sus ideas en favor de resolver los inconvenientes más relevantes de la sociedad británica, dentro de los cuales se encontraba la justicia. Es así como, desde la perspectiva filosófica, económica y política, puede llegarse hasta el concepto propio de justicia que imperaba en una época que Maurizio Fioravanti llamó el historicismo británico, un modelo que, al igual que el individualismo y el estatalismo, predominó en el siglo de las revoluciones. El objetivo del artículo es conceptualizar a la justicia bajo la propuesta filosófica humeana basada en la asociación de ideas y la teoría de las pasiones; la mirada económica smithiana regida por la idea del espectador imparcial y la mano invisible; además de la perspectiva política burkeana orientada por su iusnaturalismo político
Educación, disciplina y castigo: consideraciones en torno a los mecanismos de contención
Authors: Correa Cetina Edwin Augusto
Published: July 2020

Resumen: la cohesión de la cultura ha sido posible con el acaecer de la renuncia pulsional y de la póstuma instauración de la educación en la vida del hombre. Desde tiempos arcaicos se ha trazado un esquema de enseñanza y docilidad a partir de las necesidades vigentes de la época. De aquí que los objetivos de este trabajo sean examinar esta dialéctica histórica de la educación y, por otra parte, explorar los conceptos de disciplina y castigo como instrumentos configuradores de la práctica educativa. Para abarcar estos objetivos, se colocan en contexto la formación del sujeto en la historia, la disciplina como elemento de control que gobierna en minucia el entorno del sujeto, y el castigo como elemento que garantiza la completa docilidad del individuo. Se discute que para alcanzar la docilidad humana deben desplegarse diferentes mecanismos de doblegamiento de la voluntad, solo que en nuestro tiempo los dispositivos de contención se han hecho tan flexibles, que han perdido la fortaleza necesaria para forjar el carácter humano con un nivel conciencia adecuada. Finalmente, se concluye que lo que realmente interesa al sistema social son cuerpos normalizados listos para las funciones del trabajo.
Hacia una crítica de las prácticas de enseñanza de la filosofía en Colombia: aproximaciones desde Michel Foucault
Authors: Camelo Perdomo Diego Fernando
Published: July 2020

Resumen: en este artículo se procura presentar, desde algunos postulados del filósofo francés Michel Foucault, una crítica a los elementos que componen el conjunto de prácticas de enseñanza de la filosofía a nivel de bachillerato en Colombia, donde la función de algunas instituciones se encuentra enmarcada en la vigilancia del saber mediante la implementación de prácticas examinadoras de su enseñanza y su aprendizaje. No obstante, en este proceso dinámico se han presentado una serie de cambios discursivos que provocaron una discontinuidad en el ejercicio didáctico de este saber.
DIÂMETRO À ALTURA DO PEITO DE ÁRVORES EM UMA ÁREA DE FLORESTA PRIMÁRIA NO SUDOESTE DA AMAZÔNIA
Authors: Valadão Cássia Cortes , Aguiar Renata Gonçalves , Soares Nelma Tavares Dias , Araújo Alessandro Carioca de , Silva Dione Judite Ventura da
Published: July 2020

A Floresta Amazônica é o maior dentre os ecossistemas terrestres tropicais, desempenhando um importante papel no ciclo global do carbono, pelo estoque e absorção de carbono excedente na atmosfera. Elucidar as alterações em estruturas florestais torna-se fundamental para o entendimento de como o ecossistema responderá frente às mudanças climáticas e atmosféricas. Deste modo, este estudo teve por objetivo quantificar e avaliar o Diâmetro à Altura do Peito (DAP) de árvores obtidos em levantamentos realizados em uma parcela permanente alocada na Reserva Biológica do Jaru-RO, nos anos de 2016 e 2018. Essa parcela foi instalada em um sítio experimental pertencente ao Programa de Grande Escala da Biosfera-Atmosfera na Amazônia. O inventário florestal foi realizado em 2016 por um parabotânico vinculado ao Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia onde foram identificados os indivíduos com DAP > 10 cm e classificados por categorias. Em 2018 foram realizadas novas medidas do DAP em 45% dos indivíduos da parcela permitindo a análise da variação ao longo dos dois anos. Ao avaliar o DAP entre os anos, encontrou-se aumento significativo (α = 0,05) de 2,42% nos indivíduos com DAP de 10-20 cm, 0,98% nos indivíduos com DAP de 21-40 cm, enquanto nos indivíduos com DAP > 40 cm não houve aumento significativo, demostrando um aumento considerável do DAP em indivíduos de menor porte em comparação aos de maior na parcela permanente.
A CURVA DE KUZNETS AMBIENTAL: UM ESTUDO DE CASO NO ESTADO DO PARÁ PARA O ANO DE 2010
Authors: Costa Alessandro Sousa da , Santos Edwilson Oliveira dos , Sousa João Rodolfo Ramos de , Lobato Tarcísio Da Costa
Published: July 2020

O aumento da renda per capita do Pará, assim como as atividades da extração de madeira e a criação do rebanho bovino geram preocupação ambiental, devido a esses provocar diversos impactos na degradação do meio ambiente. Nesse ensejo, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo testar a hipótese da curva de Kuznets Ambiental para o Pará no ano de 2010. Para isso, foram coletados dados do desmatamento (degradação ambiental) do PIB Per capita (crescimento econômico), rebanho bovino e extração de madeira (variáveis controle) para um total de 100 municípios do estado, em decorrência da ausência de informações para todos os municípios. Foi utilizado o método dos mínimos quadrados ordinários para estimar o modelo de regressão múltipla com o intuito de testar a hipótese da curva. Os resultados revelam que os coeficientes estimados para o modelo foram significativos a 5%, sugerindo que a curva de Kuznets Ambiental possui o formato de “N” além de indicar que tanto o rebanho bovino quanto a extração de madeira contribuem para o aumento do desmatamento na região.
Аккумуляция генотоксических соединений некоторыми компонентами водных и прибрежных экосистем Воронежского водохранилища
Authors: Иванова Е.Ю.
Published: July 2020

Рассмотрено накопление генотокических соединений в отдельных компонентах водных и прибрежных экосистем средней зоны Воронежского водохранилища. Проведен анализ накопления мутагенных и канцерогенных компонентов в образцах, отобранных в пяти точках, приуроченных к мостам. Оценены мутагенные индексы в воде, донном грунте, водорослях водной экосистемы, а также в почве, растениях и растительноядных насекомых в тех же точках в прибрежной зоне. Показано, что повышенной аккумуляции ксенобиотиков в водной среде характеризуют водоросли, которые способны накапливать химические соединения как метаболическим путем, так и адсорбцией на поверхности. В наземной среде повышенная аккумуляция генотоксических соединений ожидаемо отмечена в почве. Результаты исследования могут свидетельствовать о недостаточной очистке сточных вод, поступающих в Воронежское водохранилище.
Estratégias de resolução de situação problema de modelagem matemática e o pensamento proporcional: um estudo com estudantes de pedagogia
Authors: Scheller Morgana , Bonotto Danusa De Lara
Published: July 2020

O estudo objetiva compreender e identificar as estratégias utilizadas pelos estudantes de Pedagogia para resolver uma situação problema de Modelagem Matemática que podem envolver raciocínio proporcional. Para isso, um estudo de caso foi desenvolvido com uma turma de 32 estudantes do quinto semestre de Pedagogia de uma instituição pública. Os dados advieram de uma prática de Modelagem Matemática desenvolvida em sala durante o período destinado ao estudo da tendência, e foram obtidos do material elaborado pelos 13 grupos participantes. A análise evidenciou que os acadêmicos, diante da situação problema de Modelagem Matemática, fazem uso de diferentes estratégias para resolução, nas quais foi evidenciado a utilização do fator escalar multiplicativo e do fator funcional, principalmente. Dentre as estratégias, as com erro não foram identificadas e, em todas elas, há possibilidades de que sejam exploradas nos anos iniciais. Concluiu-se que, em 11 grupos, as estratégias evidenciam utilização de pensamento proporcional avançado e pré-formal.
A pesquisa da prática pedagógica em aulas de ciências por bolsistas do PIBID
Authors: Parente Andrela Garibaldi Loureiro , Alves José Moysés
Published: July 2020

Neste estudo abordamos as contribuições do tema Linguagem e Conhecimento V para a formação inicial de professores dos anos iniciais, apoiados em discussões sobre prática pedagógica, aprendizagem em ciências e professor pesquisador. A professora formadora e os licenciandos, bolsistas do PIBID, em uma perspectiva de pesquisa ação colaborativa, planejaram e realizaram aulas de ciências, sobre temas relevantes. Refletiram sobre essas aulas, analisando a comunicação dos bolsistas com os estudantes. Os licenciandos também produziram relatos pessoais e biografias educativas. Analisamos esse material, interpretativamente, para compreender o processo formativo, apontando as mudanças, avanços e projeções realizadas pelos bolsistas. Além de relacionarem teoria e prática, os licenciandos refletiram sobre a aprendizagem dos estudantes e suas formas de atuação nas aulas realizadas. Também refletiram sobre suas trajetórias de formação e desenvolveram novos interesses relacionados à teoria e à prática pedagógica.
Modifikasi Perilaku Anak: Implementasi Teknik Pengelolaan Diri dan Keterampilan Sosial di Ngawi Jawa Timur
Authors: Satriyawan Aziz Nuri , Ichsan Ahmad Shofiyuddin
Published: July 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkap bagaimana teknik  modifikasi perilaku anak dapat diubah, yakni mengubah perilaku maladaptif menuju perilaku adaptif. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif yang dilakukan pada anak di Kenteng Sumberejo Sine Ngawi Jawa Timur dengan fokus kepada anak-anak yang memiliki perilaku maladaptif. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa teknik modifikasi perilaku melalui pengelolaan diri dan pelatihan keterampilan sosial mampu mengubah perilaku anak, baik untuk mengantisipasi supaya tidak berperilaku negatif dengan menghilangkannya, maupun dapat menumbuh kembangkan perilaku yang positif bagi mereka. Maka dari itu, diperlukan komunikasi dan kerja sama antar masing-masing anggota keluarga melalui motivasi, pengertian, dan pengawasan yang dilakukan secara kontinyu. Hal ini demi terwujudnya modifikasi perilaku yang baik terhadap anak.
FASE ASPEK PERKEMBANGAN ANAK USIA DINI DALAM KAJIAN AL-QURAN DAN HADITS
Authors: Hanita Hanita
Published: July 2020

Achievement of Education has the aim to form a good personality as an individual and social human being and become a servant of Allah SWT who devotes himself only to Him. Criteria about the abilities achieved by children in all aspects of development - growth consisting of aspects of religion and morals, physical - motor, cognitive, language, social - emotional, and art. The development of the child phase in Islamic religion pays attention to that. Every day activities are arranged and arranged in the study of Al-Quran and Sunnah. In Islam the religion explains that education must be given by humans from an early age. This research is a library research (library research), research that is examined through library research with qualitative data sources of information studied liters and books sources, data collection techniques using primary and secondary data. While the data analysis uses the deductive-inductive method, the comparative method and content analysis. Every aspect is developed in early childhood education with the aim of preparing children to become human beings who are able to carry out their community life well. Along with the book that was revealed by Allah SWT, that is the Koran and Allah also sent the Prophet Muhammad, as Rosullullah who provided guidance and examples for Muslims, all the things he did became a reference for Muslims which we call Al-Hadith. Al-Quran Allah revealed to show, guide, educate and teach humans, get guidance from the truths contained in the Al-Quran about humans.
SISI KEARIFAN LOKAL DALAM TERJEMAH AL-QUR`âN BERBAHASA BANJAR
Authors: Wardani Wardani
Published: July 2020

The local wisdom as perceived as particular knowledge is often contrasted to universal revealed knowledge of religion. This article is aimed at studying the local wisdom behind al-Qur`ân dan Terjemahnya Bahasa Banjar (the Qur`ân and Its Translation into Banjarese language), arguing that the two kinds of knowledge, either particular or universal, interact each other. Employing the ethics philosophy’s distinction between particular and universal, the discussion on the topic is focused on the description of local wisdom and the issues of particularity and universality, especially in relation to moral values embedded in cultural dimensions of the local language. The steps start from comparing Indonesian and Banjarese translation of some Qur`ânic vocabularies, then describing moral values in Banjarese culture in perceiving certain words, and finally searching for particular and universal dimensions of cultural ethics by comparing it with other ethics which is universally recognized. This article arrives at some conclusions. Firstly, the local wisdom is reflected in the forms of local moral values corresponding to the doctrines of the Qur`ân. Secondly, in relation to the idea of particularity and universality of moral values, the local wisdom behind this translation contains the two aspects, due to the fact that both dimensions constitute elements which interact with each other. The local values also underlay the use of local vocabularies. It means that the particular aspect of local wisdom transforms to universal one too. Besides, local wisdom does not only mean local knowledge but also means that it has a general affinity with other cultures.