bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular Profiling Defines Three Subtypes of Synovial Sarcoma
Authors: Chen Yi , Su Yanhong , Cao Xiaofang , Siavelis Ioannis , Leo Isabelle Rose , Zeng Jianming , Tsagkozis Panagiotis , Hesla Asle C. , Papakonstantinou Andri , Liu Xiao , Huang Wen‐Kuan , Zhao Binbin , Haglund Cecilia , Ehnman Monika , Johansson Henrik , Lin Yingbo , Lehtiö Janne , Zhang Yifan , Larsson Olle , Li Xuexin , de Flon Felix Haglund
Published: September 2024

Synovial Sarcomas (SS) are characterized by the presence of the SS18::SSX fusion gene, which protein product induce chromatin changes through remodeling of the BAF complex. To elucidate the genomic events that drive phenotypic diversity in SS, we performed RNA and targeted DNA sequencing on 91 tumors from 55 patients. Our results were verified by proteomic analysis, public gene expression cohorts and single‐cell RNA sequencing. Transcriptome profiling identified three distinct SS subtypes resembling the known histological subtypes: SS subtype I and was characterized by hyperproliferation, evasion of immune detection and a poor prognosis. SS subtype II and was dominated by a vascular‐stromal component and had a significantly better outcome. SS Subtype III was characterized by biphasic differentiation, increased genomic complexity and immune suppression mediated by checkpoint inhibition, and poor prognosis despite good responses to neoadjuvant therapy. Chromosomal abnormalities were an independent significant risk factor for metastasis. KRT8 was identified as a key component for epithelial differentiation in biphasic tumors, potentially controlled by OVOL1 regulation. Our findings explain the histological grounds for SS classification and indicate that a significantly larger proportion of patients have high risk tumors (corresponding to SS subtype I) than previously believed.
Bio‐Plausible Multimodal Learning with Emerging Neuromorphic Devices
Authors: Sun Haonan , Tian Haoxiang , Hu Yihao , Cui Yi , Chen Xinrui , Xu Minyi , Wang Xianfu , Zhou Tao
Published: September 2024

Multimodal machine learning, as a prospective advancement in artificial intelligence, endeavors to emulate the brain's multimodal learning abilities with the objective to enhance interactions with humans. However, this approach requires simultaneous processing of diverse types of data, leading to increased model complexity, longer training times, and higher energy consumption. Multimodal neuromorphic devices have the capability to preprocess spatio‐temporal information from various physical signals into unified electrical signals with high information density, thereby enabling more biologically plausible multimodal learning with low complexity and high energy‐efficiency. Here, this work conducts a comparison between the expression of multimodal machine learning and multimodal neuromorphic computing, followed by an overview of the key characteristics associated with multimodal neuromorphic devices. The bio‐plausible operational principles and the multimodal learning abilities of emerging devices are examined, which are classified into heterogeneous and homogeneous multimodal neuromorphic devices. Subsequently, this work provides a detailed description of the multimodal learning capabilities demonstrated by neuromorphic circuits and their respective applications. Finally, this work highlights the limitations and challenges of multimodal neuromorphic computing in order to hopefully provide insight into potential future research directions.
Enhanced Tumor‐Targeted Delivery of Arginine‐Rich Peptides via a Positive Feedback Loop Orchestrated by Piezo1/integrin β1 Signaling Axis
Authors: Ma Minghai , Li Xing , Jing Minxuan , Zhang Pu , Zhang Mengzhao , Wang Lu , Liang Xiao , Jiang Yunzhong , Li Jianpeng , He Jiale , Wang Xinyang , Lin Min , Wang Lei , Fan Jinhai
Published: September 2024

Peptide‐based drugs hold great potential for cancer treatment, and their effectiveness is driven by mechanisms on how peptides target cancer cells and escape from potential lysosomal entrapment post‐endocytosis. Yet, the mechanisms remain elusive, which hinder the design of peptide‐based drugs. Here hendeca‐arginine peptides (R11) are synthesized for targeted delivery in bladder carcinoma (BC), investigated the targeting efficiency and elucidated the mechanism of peptide‐based delivery, with the aim of refining the design and efficacy of peptide‐based therapeutics. It is demonstrated that the over‐activated Piezo1/integrin β1 (ITGB1) signaling axis significantly facilitates tumor‐targeted delivery of R11 peptides via macropinocytosis. Furthermore, R11 peptides formed hydrogen bonds with integrin β1, facilitating targeting and penetration into tumor cells. Additionally, R11 peptides protected integrin β1 from lysosome degradation, promoting its recycling from cytoplasm to membrane. Moreover, this findings establish a positive feedback loop wherein R11 peptides activate Piezo1 by increasing membrane fusion, promoting Ca2+ releasing and resulting in enhanced integrin β1‐mediated endocytosis in both orthotopic models and clinical tissues, demonstrating effective tumor‐targeted delivery. Eventually, the Piezo1/integrin β1 signaling axis promoted cellular uptake and transport of peptides, establishing a positive feedback loop, promoting mechanical delivery to cancer and offering possibilities for drug modification in cancer therapy.
Understanding Power‐Law Photoluminescence Decays and Bimolecular Recombination in Lead‐Halide Perovskites
Authors: Yuan Ye , Yan Genghua , Dreessen Chris , Kirchartz Thomas
Published: September 2024

Transient photoluminescence is a frequently used method in the field of halide perovskite photovoltaics to quantify recombination by determining the characteristic decay time of an exponential decay. This decay time is often considered to be a single value for a certain perovskite film. However, there are many mechanisms that lead to non‐exponential decays. Here, it is shown that photoluminescence decays in many lead‐halide perovskites are non‐exponential and follow a power‐law relation between PL intensity and time that is caused by shallow defects. Decay times therefore vary continuously as a function of time and injection level. In situations where recombination is bimolecular and decays follow a power law, the differential decay time equals the time delay after the laser pulse for long time delays and therefore completely lacks quantitative information about the recombination rate. Quantifying recombination using transient PL measurements, therefore, requires analyzing the lifetime as a function of injection level rather than time. As an alternative to the continuously varying decay time, a bimolecular recombination coefficient can also be determined, which correlates with the photoluminescence quantum efficiency. Finally, the influence of the repetition rate and the background subtraction method on the analysis of power‐law type PL decays is discussed.
Aortic Root Dilation and Genotype Associations in Phelan‐McDermid Syndrome
Authors: Gluckman Jake , Levy Tess , Friedman Kate , Garces Francesca , Filip‐Dhima Rajna , Quinlan Aisling , Iannotti Isabelle , Pekar Margaret , Hernandez Alexandra Lopez , Nava Madison T. , Kravets Elijah , Siegel Abigail , Bernstein Jonathan A. , Berry‐Kravis Elizabeth , Powell Craig M. , Soorya Latha Valluripalli , Thurm Audrey , Srivastava Siddharth , Buxbaum Joseph D. , Sahin Mustafa , Kolevzon Alexander , Gelb Bruce D. ,   the Developmental Synaptopathies Consortium
Published: September 2024

Phelan‐McDermid syndrome (PMS) is a rare genetic neurodevelopmental disorder that results from the loss of one functional copy of the SHANK3 gene. While many clinical features of PMS are well‐understood, there is currently limited literature on cardiovascular abnormalities in PMS. This report aims to evaluate the prevalence of aortic root dilation (ARD) among individuals with PMS and to understand if underlying genetic variation relates to risk for ARD. We present findings from 59 participants collected from a multisite observational study evaluating the phenotype and natural history of PMS. Individual echocardiographic and genetic reports were analyzed for aortic root measurements and genetic variant data, respectively. Our a priori hypothesis was that participants with chromosome 22 deletions with hg19 start coordinates on or before 49,900,000 (larger deletions) would have more instances of ARD than participants with deletion start coordinates after 49,900,000 (smaller deletions). Eight participants (14%) had ARD, and its presence was statistically significantly associated with large deletions (p = 0.047). Relatedly, participants with ARD had significantly more genes deleted on chromosome 22 than participants without ARD (p = 0.013). These results could aid in the identification of individuals with PMS who are at higher risk for ARD.
Laponite Nanoclay‐Loaded Microgel Suspensions as Supportive Matrices for Osteogenesis
Authors: Jalandhra Gagan K. , Hung Tzong‐tyng , Kilian Kristopher A.
Published: September 2024

Microscale carriers have emerged as promising materials for nurturing cell growth and as delivery vehicles for regenerative therapies. Carriers based on granular hydrogels have proved advantageous, where “microgels” can be formulated to have a broad range of properties to guide the behavior of adherent cells. Herein, the fabrication of osteogenic microgel matrices through the incorporation of laponite nanoclays is demonstrated. Forming a jammed suspension provides a scaffolding where cells can adhere to the surface of the microgels, with pathways for migration and proliferation fostered by the interstitial volume. By varying the content and type of laponite—RD and XLG—the degree of osteogenesis can be tuned in embedded populations of adipose‐derived stem cells. The nano‐ and microstructured composite materials enhance osteogenesis at the transcript and protein level, leading to increased deposition of bone minerals and an increase in the compressive modulus of the assembled scaffold. Together, these microgel suspensions are promising materials for encouraging osteogenesis with scope for delivery via injection and stabilization to bone‐mimetic mechanical properties after matrix deposition.
Accelerated Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer via Engineering Palladium Sub‐Nanoclusters for Scalable Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Li Yan , Liu Yingnan , Peng Xianyun , Zhao Zilin , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Zhang Qinghua , Lei Lecheng , Dai Liming , Hou Yang
Published: September 2024

Electrosynthesis of H2O2 from oxygen reduction reaction via a two‐electron pathway is vital as an alternative for the energy‐intensive anthraquinone process. However, this process is largely hindered in neutral and alkaline conditions due to sluggish kinetics associated with the transformation of intermediate O2* into OOH* via proton‐coupled electron transfer sourced from slow water dissociation. Herein, we developed Pd sub‐nanoclusters on the nickel ditelluride nanosheets (Pd SNCs/NiTe2) to enhance the performance of H2O2 electrosynthesis. The newly‐developed Pd SNCs/NiTe2 exhibited a H2O2 selectivity of as high as 99 % and a positive shift of onset potential up to 0.81 V. Combined theoretical calculations and experimental studies (e.g., X‐ray absorption and attenuated total reflectance‐Fourier transform infrared spectra measurements) revealed that the Pd sub‐nanoclusters supported by NiTe2 nanosheets efficiently reduced the energy barrier of water dissociation to generate more protons, facilitating the proton feeding kinetics. When used in a flow cell, Pd SNCs/NiTe2 cathode efficiently produced H2O2 with a maximum yield rate of 1.75 mmol h−1 cm−2 and a current efficiency of 95 % at 100 mA cm−2. Further, an accumulated H2O2 concentration of 1.43 mol L−1 was reached after 10 hours of continuous electrolysis, showing the potential for practical H2O2 electrosynthesis.
Fighting Mutations with Mutations: Evolutionarily Adapting a DNA Aptamer for High‐Affinity Recognition of Mutated Spike Proteins of SARS‐CoV‐2
Authors: Wang Qing , Li Jiuxing , Zhang Zijie , Amini Ryan , Derdall Abigail , Gu Jimmy , Xia Jianrun , Salena Bruno J. , Yamamura Deborah , Soleymani Leyla , Li Yingfu
Published: September 2024

An on‐going challenge with COVID‐19, which has huge implications for future pandemics, is the rapid emergence of viral variants that makes diagnostic tools less accurate, calling for rapid identification of recognition elements for detecting new variants caused by mutations. We hypothesize that we can fight mutations of the viruses with mutations of existing recognition elements. We demonstrate this concept via rapidly evolving an existing DNA aptamer originally selected for the spike protein (S‐protein) of wildtype SARS‐CoV‐2 to enhance the interaction with the same protein of the Omicron variants. The new aptamer, MBA5SA1, has acquired 22 mutations within its 40‐nucleotide core sequence and improved its binding affinity for the S‐proteins of diverse Omicron subvariants by >100‐fold compared to its parental aptamer (improved from nanomolar to picomolar affinity). Deep sequencing analysis reveals dynamic competitions among several MBA5SA1 variants in response to increasing selection pressure imposed during in vitro selection, with MBA5SA1 being the final winner of the competition. Additionally, MBA5SA1 was implemented into an enzyme‐linked aptamer binding assay (ELABA), which was applied for detecting Omicron variants in the saliva of infected patients. The assay produced a sensitivity of 86.5 % and a specificity of 100 %, which were established with 83 clinical samples.
Predicting Emotional and Behavioral Reactions to Collective Wrongdoing: Effects of Imagined Versus Experienced Collective Guilt on Moral Behavior
Authors: Bernhard Fabian , Rudolph Udo
Published: September 2024

Past research has shown that people are inconsistent when making predictions about emotions and moral behaviors following their own wrongdoing. However, it is less clear how people react when they did not cause the wrongdoing themselves but the group or collective they associate with. The present paper investigates people's reactions to collective wrongdoing and the question (1) whether the prediction of the experience of group‐based guilt is related to actual moral behaviors and (2) whether this prediction is reliable. In three studies, we analyze collective guilt and subsequent behavioral reactions. Study 1 involved real academic situations, varying the kind of unfair treatment of others. A priori, participants overestimated their own subsequent experiences of collective guilt as well as their moral behavior. With respect to actual responses, experienced guilt was the strongest predictor of behavioral reactions, while imagined guilt, in‐group identification and satisfaction did not significantly predict responses. Moreover, participants also reacted more to the direct harm caused by their group to others than to unjustified privileges granted to others. Study 2 fully replicated these results and showed relative stability in the predictions of collective guilt. Study 3 compared the responses by participants of the previous two studies with their responses 5 years later, indicating high stability of the observed effects over time. Also, we observed that making repeated predictions after experiencing the guilt‐eliciting situation did not improve the accuracy of our participants' predictions. We discuss the implications of these findings for self‐predictions, behavioral and affective forecasting of collective emotions, and for common assessment methods of guilt by hypothetical vignettes.
The ‘Friday effect’: School attendance over the weeki
Authors: Clifton‐Sprigg Joanna , James Jonathan
Published: September 2024

Using newly released detailed data on absence from school, we find a ‘Friday effect’—children are much less likely to attend schools in England on Fridays. We use daily level data across the whole of England and find that this pattern holds for different schools and for different types of absence, including illness‐related authorised and unexplained unauthorised absence. The Friday absence rate is 1.5 percentage points (20%) higher relative to the rest of the week. For authorised absences, the Friday rate is 0.81 percentage points higher than that for Monday to Thursday, while for unauthorised absences it is 0.71 percentage points higher. Furthermore, we document a social gradient in the ‘Friday effect’ for unauthorised absences, where the effect is larger in more deprived areas. This is especially the case for secondary schools. Similarly, in secondary schools the ‘Friday effect’ is 51% larger in areas with the highest rates of persistent absence compared with areas with the lowest persistent absence rates. We explore reasons for the ‘Friday effect’ and do not find evidence that parents working from home explain the higher absence rate on Fridays. We do find that Friday absences are greater in weeks that precede either a bank holiday or half‐term—suggesting that the extension of holidays or trying to avoid holiday traffic might go some way to explain the patterns that we find. We show that eliminating the ‘Friday effect’ could lead to an improvement of 1.15% of a standard deviation in test scores and a 0.14–0.25% increase in later life income. Tackling weekly absence patterns may therefore help to raise attainment and reduce inequalities.
Tissue‐resident memory T cells: Harnessing their properties against infection for cancer treatment
Authors: Fernandes João , Veldhoen Marc , Ferreira Cristina
Published: September 2024

We have rapidly gained insights into the presence and function of T lymphocytes in non‐lymphoid tissues, the tissue‐resident memory T (TRM) cells. The central pillar of adaptive immunity has been expanded from classic central memory T cells giving rise to progeny upon reinfection and effector memory cells circulating through the blood and patrolling the tissues to include TRM cells that reside and migrate inside solid organs and tissues. Their development and maintenance have been studied in detail, providing exciting clues on how their unique properties used to fight infections may benefit therapies against solid tumors. We provide an overview of CD8 TRM cells and the properties that make them of interest for vaccination and cancer therapies.
Cutaneous perianal herpes simplex virus infection mimicking condylomata acuminata in a renal transplant recipient: A case report and literature review
Authors: Al‐Zubaidi Nabaa , Al‐Zubaidi Mohsin , Gholizadeh Nasim , Zaresharifi Shirin
Published: September 2024

Key Clinical Message

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection can present atypically in immunosuppressed patients, such as renal transplant recipients, often mimicking conditions like condyloma acuminata. This case report of a 39‐year‐old male renal transplant recipient underscores the importance of maintaining a high level of clinical suspicion and employing thorough diagnostic techniques, including skin biopsy and polymerase chain reaction, to accurately diagnose chronic lesions and those not responding to initial therapies in these patients. Timely initiation of antiviral therapy, such as intravenous acyclovir, is crucial for improving patient outcomes. Clinicians should be aware of the diverse presentations of HSV in immunocompromised individuals to ensure prompt and effective treatment.

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) has a worldwide distribution and a wide range of clinical presentations. In immunosuppressed patients, the infection can have atypical presentations. We report a 39‐year‐old renal transplant recipient male with a cutaneous HSV infection mimicking condyloma acuminata. The diagnosis was confirmed by skin biopsy and polymerase chain reaction. The patient was treated with intravenous acyclovir. This case illustrates the significant clinical challenges in establishing a correct diagnosis of this common infection in these patients. A high level of clinical suspicion will result in a prompt diagnosis and timely initiation of antiviral therapy, which is crucial to better patient outcomes.
Prefabricated Composite Dowels Girders for Small Bridges‐Structural Design and Efficiency Evaluation
Authors: Xiong Zhihua , Pan Zhenhua , Wolters Kevin , Liu Hongyu , Cheng Litao , Li Jun , Feldmann Markus
Published: September 2024

A novel prefabricated steel‐concrete composite girder is proposed, which aims to provide an economic and sustainable solution for small bridge construction. The girder consists of composite dowels and concrete slabs. The depth of composite girder is analyzed in a span range of 8‐20m. A continuous deck joint between the simply supported bridge is proposed to enhance the durability of the girder. Carbon emissions from construction materials are compared between different schemes. The efficiency of the schemes is evaluated through Live Load Structural Index.
Design of the cross‐section of a steel composite bridge taking into account the buckling check according to EN 1993‐1‐5
Authors: Ndogmo Joseph , Mensinger Martin
Published: September 2024

As part of optimizing a steel composite section to determine whether longitudinal stiffeners could be omitted concerning plate buckling, a buckling tool was developed that implements both the effective width method (EWM) and the reduced stress method (RSM). These two methods are offered in addition to the finite element method in EN 1993‐1‐5 for buckling analysis. It was found that when using the formula given in EN‐1993‐1‐5 for calculating the critical buckling stress of unstiffened buckling fields, which is independent of the acting stress distribution, the ratio of the elastic critical plate buckling stress to the elastic critical column buckling stress (σcr,p/σcr,c) is underestimated if the compressive stress is not uniform. This affects the detection of column buckling behavior. The most economical variant resulting from the optimization, the buckling tool, the influence of shear deformations combined with plate buckling, and the column buckling behavior of unstiffened buckling fields are presented in this paper.
Experimental and theoretical evaluation of axial forces in short steel ropes
Authors: Ároch Rudolf , Kováč Michal , Venglár Michal , Klas Tomáš
Published: September 2024

Assessing rope force in bridge structural health monitoring, particularly for shorter lengths, poses challenges. The vibration method, commonly utilized for taut strings, yields inaccurate results for short ropes due to neglecting bending stiffness. To address this, the differential equation of lateral vibration of a prismatic beam possessing bending stiffness EI, evenly distributed mass m under the tension force N is solved approximately and numerically using FEM for greater accuracy. Nonlinear fitting via the Gauss‐Newton aids in refining results. Laboratory experiments, varying axial forces and rope characteristics, validated these methods, offering recommendations for improved accuracy.
Influence of Distance from Roads on Corrosion Loss in Weathering Steel Bridges
Authors: Vacek Miroslav , Křivý Vít , Marťáková Monika , Kreislová Kateřina , Vlachová Markéta
Published: September 2024

There are numerous steel bridges worldwide, many of which are made from weathering steel. Trademarks of weathering steel, such as Corten (the United States), Atmofix (the Czech Republic), NAW‐TEN and CORSPACE (Japan), or Q345CNH (China) are commonly used. Inland steel bridges are impacted by chloride ions, primarily dispersed into the air by road traffic from de‐icing salt (NaCl) and brine solutions used in winter road maintenance, which can compromise the integrity of the bridges' load‐bearing structures. The quantity of deposited chlorides fluctuates based on the distance from the source, especially for inland bridges, where it is determined by the distance from the road. There is also a difference between the winter season and the rest of the year. The study presents in‐situ measurement data from two sites, analyzing the corrosion loss. Additionally, a regression analysis is conducted to understand the relationship between the distance from the road guide line and the corrosion loss.
Tuned mass dampers ‐ evaluation of the effect on two real footbridges
Authors: Nečas Radim , Kučera Jiří , Koláček Jan , Bezručová Kristína
Published: September 2024

Pedestrian comfort, subtle design, minimizing the number of fixed supports of the footbridge or material saving. These are the key arguments for integrating tuned mass dampers into the bridge project. The goal is to protect people and structure from vibrations and damage. The following paper presents findings from the design, production and tuning of mass dampers, their optimization possibilities and benefits for bridge engineering. The validity of damper design was verified on two footbridges in the Czech Republic and Slovakia. It concerns the footbridge over the Svitava River in Bílovice nad Svitavou and the footbridge over the high‐speed road in Banská Bystrica. Dynamic tests including measurement were carried out on both bridges before and after the installation of the dampers. The dynamic monitoring of the compliance of modal parameters was conducted using operational modal analysis (OMA). The evaluation of the dynamic tests also includes the response to pedestrian effects (comfort criteria) and the determination of the logarithmic decrement of the damping.
Comparison of Durability of Composite‐Based Shear connectors
Authors: Weissová Michala , Kvočák Vincent , Dubecký Daniel , Vaňová Patrícia
Published: September 2024

This research paper offers an in‐depth comparative analysis focused on the long‐term durability of shear connectors fabricated from composite materials within a composite and concrete beam structure, extending over a length of six meters. To carry out this evaluation, the experiment employs a four‐point bending test designed to rigorously assess the performance and efficacy of two distinct types of tie straps utilized within the structure. The central element of this investigation, a composite beam integrated within a concrete deck, serves as the primary test specimen, providing a realistic and applicable context for the assessment. The overarching goal of this study is to meticulously examine and compare the resilience and resistance of these shear connectors when subjected to realistic, practical loading conditions. By doing so, the research aims to shed light on the critical performance characteristics of composite shear connectors, especially their role and effectiveness in enhancing the structural integrity and durability of composite and concrete beams in various structural applications. The outcomes of this study are expected to offer significant insights and contribute valuable knowledge to the field of structural engineering, particularly in understanding and improving the performance of composite shear connectors in structural frameworks.
Conversion of historical stone bridge to lifting bridge in the Hořín lock chamber
Authors: Blažek Jan , Navrátil Radek
Published: September 2024

The paper describes design and construction process of the unique reconstruction of the historical stone bridge at the lower head of the listed Hořín lock chamber at the confluence of the Vltava and Elbe rivers near Mělník. The original stone arch bridge from 1905 at the outlet of the lock had to be carefully dismantled and rebuilt into a lifting bridge with a vertical lift of 5 m. The goal was to preserve bridges original listed and preserved appearance and enable larger ships to pass under it. The design of reconstruction consisted of proposal of new substructure, new hidden steel superstructure, new hydraulic and mechanical parts and electronical controling system. The original appearence of the stone cladding had to be preserved, so new hidden truss steel kernel was inserted to form the support for the original stone cladding and concrete coupling shell. The stroke of the bridge is controlled electronically by hydraulic cylinders and a system of guides and restraints. The reconstruction of this unique bridge had been carrefully performed under surveilance of National Heritage Office. The project recieved the Czech Construction of the Year 2022 award.
Fatigue strength of repair‐welded headed studs
Authors: Volz Michael
Published: September 2024

Welded connections of headed studs are highly stressed details in bridge structures in steel‐concrete composite construction and are largely responsible for the functionality of the supporting structures. At the same time, this detail requires a lot of resources due to the high welding effort and therefore has a major influence on the economic success. An important criterion for the economic and ecological balance of the structure is the durability of the welded joint, which is quantified by the fatigue strength. The welding of headed studs for composite bridges is usually carried out using fully mechanised drawn arc stud welding in accordance with EN ISO 14555. Due to the process, stud welds that do not fulfil the standard requirements for flawless condition may occur in individual cases. The design rules for stud load‐bearing capacity in accordance with EN 1994‐2 are based on tests and only apply to connections produced using drawn arc stud welding. In the past, there were practicable and tacitly accepted solutions for repairing such sporadically occurring faulty welds, but these were never systematically investigated. Particularly against the background of fatigue loading, repair‐welded stud connections are now to be systematically investigated in a project funded by the AIF. The article provides an overview of the execution of stud welded joints and presents the tests planned in the project in order to achieve a practicable recommendation for the repair welding of headed studs.
Failure mode and load prediction of steel bridge girders through 3D laser scanning and machine learning methods
Authors: Tzortzinis Georgios , Wittig Jan , Filippatos Angelos , Gude Maik , Provost Aidan , Ai Chengbo , Gerasimidis Simos
Published: September 2024

Corrosion poses a significant threat to the longevity of steel bridges, impacting overall structural integrity. To effectively assess the structural condition of corroded steel bridges, conventional methods rely on visual inspections or single point measurements. To enhance and modernize this approach, this study introduces a novel framework integrating laser scanning data, computational models, and convolutional neural networks (CNNs). The CNN models are trained on a data set consisting of more than 1400 artificial corrosion scenarios generated by parameterizing real scan data from naturally corroded girders. This innovative method predicts the residual capacity and failure mode of corroded beam ends, achieving a low error rate of up to 3.3%. Unlike established evaluation procedures, the proposed evaluation framework directly utilizes post‐processed laser scanner output, eliminating the need for feature extraction and calculations.
Design and Analysis of Curved Steel Bridges Using 3D Shell Modelling
Authors: Biju‐Duval Paul
Published: September 2024

Steel bridge designers and erectors primarily rely on approximate methods, such as 1D line girder analyses and 2D grid analyses. For curved or skewed bridges, this can give erroneous indications of the structure's true behaviour. Refined methods of analysis, such as 3D shell modelling, aim to bring a significant change in the practice of bridge engineering. By moving the industry away from simplistic design assumptions, refined analysis methods lead to more accurate, less conservative results, which in turn brings true benefits such as improved structural safety and increased economy. In this paper, several case studies on curved plate girder and tub girder bridges are presented, which cover the full bridge life cycle, from erection of the steel structure and placement of the concrete deck, down to live load analyses using influence surfaces and load rating. The case studies will be modelled with mBrace3D, a dedicated FEA software for curved steel bridges.
Experiences from launching the bridge over Gottleuba‐valley (Gottleubatalbrücke)
Authors: Foglar Marek , Švec Libor , Chorovský Igor , Krysta Jan , Beneš Vladimír
Published: September 2024

This article briefly describes the project background, timelines, structural data, actually achieved milestones and current stage of project of the bridge over Gottleubavalley in Pirna, Saxony, Germany. The bridge is being built using incremental launching method, the main challenges of the launching process are briefly described together with some learning points.

The winning design from the architectural competition in 2006 proposed very slender (1 to 35 !) hybrid steel‐concrete semi‐integral frame crossing the 70m deep and 1000m wide valley with nine spans (92 – 116 – 120 – 120 – 124 – 108 – 92 – 76 m) with maximum span length of 124m. The paper describes the challenges the team faced during the preparation and launching of a very slender bridge deck with deflections up to 6m when touching down at the bridge pier. By the time of the venue, the incremental launching will be already finished, and the lowering works will be in progress.
Meta‐epidemiological study on the publication rate of South American countries' systematic reviews of interventions registered in PROSPERO
Authors: Burgos Mariana A. , Ivaldi Diego , Oltra Gisela , Escobar Liquitay Camila M. , Garegnani Luis
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To assess the publication rate and time from registration to publication of systematic intervention reviews registered in PROSPERO originated from South American countries in 2020.

Study Design and Setting

Cross‐sectional study. We searched PROSPERO for protocols of systematic reviews of interventions with affiliation in South America during 2020. We randomly extracted 10% and searched databases to identify their publication status.

Results

We identified 1361 intervention systematic reviews with South American affiliation registered in PROSPERO during 2020. We assessed a random sample of 10% (n = 135). The publishing rate in indexed journals was 36.9% (n = 41). The median time to publication was 1.6 years (IQR 0.9–2.1).

Conclusion

The publication rate of South American PROSPERO registers is low. These findings emphasize the need for further efforts to improve publication rates and increase the visibility of South American research in the global scientific community.
Survey of ring nematode in South Carolina peanut fields
Authors: Giri Sarala , Mueller John D. , Ahmed Saleh M. , Hiers Justin B. , Fogle Benjamin B. , Kirk Kendall R. , Ye Weimin , Anco Daniel J.
Published: September 2024

Plain Language Summary

Compared to certain other nematodes, limited research has been reported for ring nematode (Mesocriconema ornatum) in peanut. To explore relationships with soil texture characteristics and to examine samples for consistency of species identity, peanut fields in six South Carolina counties were surveyed for ring nematodes. Peanut ring nematode was found in 59% of examined field samples. Increased numbers of peanut ring nematodes were associated with soils with increased sand content and decreased clay content. Ring nematode samples were identified as Mesocriconema ornatum. Results from this survey serve as a resource and reference for future work.
Insights into the Synergistic Catalytic Effect of TiO2 Supported V‐W Oxides for Selective C−H Bond Oxidation of Cyclohexane to KA Oil
Authors: Xu Cai , Long Quanfu , Zhong Shandi , Wang Wenjin , Guo Jia , Yang Jianhai , Wang Xiaozhong , Dai Liyan
Published: September 2024

It is urgent to develop an efficient and stable non‐noble metal catalyst for selective C−H bond oxidation of cyclohexane. Herein, a series of V−W oxides supported on TiO2 catalysts (V−W/TiO2) were fabricated. The V−W/TiO2 catalysts exhibited much higher catalytic activity for the selective oxidation of cyclohexane to KA oil, compared to that of V/TiO2 and W/TiO2 catalysts. The good distribution of active metals and the synergistic effect were responsible for the enhanced catalytic activity. H2‐TPR results disclosed that the presence of V in V−W/TiO2 affected the reducibility of W6+ species, and XPS verified that an electronic interaction was formed between them. Such results led to good catalytic reusability of V−W/TiO2 catalyst during the reactions, and no obvious activity loss was found after six runs. The reaction mechanism was investigated, and the results verified that hydroxyl radicals generated from H2O2 homolysis were the main active oxidative species. Theoretical study revealed that V dopant could regulate electronic structure of adjacent O atom, facilitating the adsorption of cyclohexane, and lower energy was needed for the rate‐limiting step over V−W/TiO2 during the whole oxidation reaction. This work developed an efficient V−W/TiO2 catalyst for the selective oxidation of cyclohexane via a synergistic effect.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Study of a Homogenous Bimetallic Os(II) Complex as a New Gastric Cancer Photosensitizer
Authors: Lu Yang , Chen Feng
Published: September 2024

A homogenous dinuclear Os(II) complex bisOs was synthesized and fully characterized. The electrochemical cyclic voltammetry study, and density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the electronic property. bisOs showed an obvious interaction with lipase and BSA, and can generate singlet oxygen under blue and red LED light irradiation, with a singlet oxygen quantum yield (ΦΔ) of 0.36 in comparison to that of [Ru(bpy)3]Cl2 in acetonitrile. bisOs exhibited moderate to great photocytotoxicity against HGC‐27 human gastric cancer cells under blue LED light irradiation, giving the IC50 value as low as 1.83 μM (PI value is 9.7), while was almost non‐cytotoxic in the dark. The cellular singlet oxygen detection in HGC‐27 cancer cells exhibited a concentration‐dependent manner, and cell uptake of bisOs in A549 cells was as high as 120 ng/106 cells, subcellular colocalization study indicated that bisOs was not accumulated in nucleus, and less likely to target mitochondria. This work provides a new example of dinuclear osmium complex as potential photosensitizer candidate for gastric treatment.
Spritzen mit RFID‐Chip
Authors: Bauer Edgar
Published: September 2024

Wie kann die Sicherheit von Arzneimitteln noch gesteigert werden? Tracing, tracking, and packaging in der biopharmazeutischen Produktion ist ein Lösungsweg. Mit Hilfe von RFID‐Sendern wird die individuelle Nachverfolgbarkeit einer jeden Spritze während des gesamten Produktionsprozesses gewährleistet.
Wasserstoff im Gasnetz
Authors: Heinig Daniel
Published: September 2024

Wasserstoff ist als zusätzlicher Energieträger schon längst im Fokus, um fluktuierende, insbesondere wetterabhängige Energieerzeugung einerseits und einen saisonal schwankenden Verbrauch andererseits auszugleichen. Ultraschallgaszähler werden seit Jahrzehnten eingesetzt und sind bereits für die Durchflussmessung von Erdgas mit bis zu 30 Vol% Wasserstoffgehalt zugelassen. Betreiber können so regenerativen Wasserstoff in bestehende Gasnetze einspeisen, ohne in neue Durchflusszähler investieren zu müssen.
Eine Frage der Sicherheit
Authors: Sievers Sven
Published: September 2024

Beim Umgang mit Gefahrstoffen ist Vorsicht geboten, denn diese können hochentzündlich und in vielen Fällen toxisch, ätzend oder krebserregend sein. Um die richtigen Sicherheitsmaßnahmen zu ergreifen, Unfälle zu vermeiden und Belastungsfaktoren so gering wie möglich zu halten, gilt es, eine Gefährdungsbeurteilung durchzuführen. Somit ist ein gesetzeskonformer Umgang mit Gefahrstoffen gewährleistet.
Parsing the thyroid cytopathology suspicious for malignancy diagnosis through molecular‐derived risk of malignancy and other related parameters: Insights into nodule characteristics and practice patterns
Authors: Starr David , Tjendra Youley , Velez Torres Jaylou M. , Gomez‐Fernandez Carmen , Khader Samer N. , Karslioglu‐French Esra , Yip Linwah , Carty Sally E. , Skaugen John M. , Nikiforov Yuri E. , Seethala Raja R. , Ohori N. Paul
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Thyroid cytopathology cases with suspicious for malignancy (SFM) diagnosis often result in resection. However, molecular testing offers details that may provide additional insights. In this study, the molecular profiles of SFM cases from two institutions that routinely used ThyroSeq v3 (TSV3) were examined.

Materials and Methods

Following institutional review board approval, SFM thyroid cytopathology cases with TSV3 results were retrieved from the databases of two institutions. Molecular information including molecular‐derived risk of malignancy (MDROM), cytologic‐histologic correlation data, and other related parameters were calculated. Statistical comparisons were made with a p <.05 considered significant.

Results

The core data set comprised 114 SFM cases that passed TSV3 quality assurance. All TSV3 results were reported as positive or negative for genomic alterations and all except five cases provided a probability of malignancy estimate. The overall combined baseline MDROM of 75.7% (95% CI, 70.0–81.4) was comparable to the risk of malignancy (74%) published in the Bethesda System. There was a statistically significant difference between the combined MDROMs of resected and unresected cohorts (79.0% vs 58.6%; p = .0153). Interestingly, the MDROMs of the resected cohorts from the two institutions were statistically different (75.0% vs 85.3%; p = .020). Cytologic–histologic correlation revealed malignant outcome in 88.5% of resected cases.

Conclusions

Molecular analyses of SFM cases demonstrated higher risk genomic alterations that were associated with histologically overt neoplasms, resulting in increased malignancy outcome compared to baseline. MDROM analysis revealed differences in the cytopathologic practice patterns regarding follicular‐patterned neoplasms at the two institutions.
Inverse design of a novel multiport power divider based on hybrid neural network
Authors: Sun Siyue , Zhu Ma , Qi Baojun , Liu Chen
Published: September 2024

In this study, we propose an inverse design approach based on a neural network for a novel multiport power divider (MP‐PD) with complex geometry. The inverse design approach is obtaining geometry from the desired physical performance to address the challenge of conventional methods. We develop a hybrid neural network model for this inverse design. The backbone architecture incorporates a bidirectional long short‐term memory module, a multihead self‐attention module, and convolutional modules. This hybrid neural network is employed to capture the feature of physical performance and learn the relationship between the geometric structure of the proposed MP‐PD and its corresponding physical performance. Consider the design of the power divider as an end‐to‐end methodology that directly maps design requirements to optimal geometric parameters. The neural network transfers the designed process into multiple‐input‐multiple‐output. We adopt the network model to successfully predict 20 geometric parameters of MP‐PDs for two distinct operating frequencies. The two operating frequencies are those utilized in real engineering applications, which are 3.5 GHz in the 5G band and 2.45 GHz in the trackside communication band. The predicted MP‐PD improves the return loss and bandwidth by 8.05 dB and 0.25 GHz, respectively, over the desired performance. The experiments and comparisons demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of our inverse design approach. The efficiency and flexibility of design are also significantly improved by the hybrid neural network model.
Boosting Electrochemical Nitrate Reduction to Ammonia by Fe Doped CuO/Co3O4 Nanosheet/Nanowire Heterostructures
Authors: Zhang Baojian , Zhao Jinxiu , Qiu Huancheng , Chen Mingliang , Ren Xiang , Wang Huan , Wei Qin
Published: September 2024

The electrochemical nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR) is a novel green method for ammonia synthesis. The development of outstanding NO3−RR performance is based on reasonable catalyst. Metal oxides have garnered significant attention due to their exceptional electrical conductivity and catalytic properties. Doping serves as an effective strategy for enhancing catalyst performance due to its ability to change the electron cloud distribution and energy levels. In this study, we develop a heterojunction catalyst Fe doped copper oxide nanosheet and cobalt tetroxide nanowire growing on carbon cloth simultaneously (Fe‐CuO@Co3O4/CC) via hydrothermal method. The well‐designed Fe‐CuO@Co3O4/CC has excellent NH3 yield (470.9 μmol h−1 cm−2) and Faraday efficiency (FE: 84.4 %) at −1.2 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode (vs. RHE). The heterostructure increases the specific surface area of the catalyst, and the possibility of contact between the catalyst and NO3− ions, enhances the catalytic efficiency. In addition, the catalyst has excellent stability and can stably carry out the electrocatalytic nitrate reduction reaction (NO3−RR), which provides a way for further research on the high‐efficiency reduction of nitrate.
Ultralight M5 Aerogels with Superior Thermal Stability and Inherent Flame Retardancy
Authors: Hu Peiying , Ge Sijia , Dou Siyuan , Lv Zhengqiang , Li Mengmeng , Zhao Zhiyang , Zhang Peigen , Wang Jin , Sun ZhengMing
Published: September 2024

Ultra‐lightweight materials often face the formidable challenge of balancing their low density, high porosity, high mechanical stiffness, high thermal and environmental stability, and low thermal conductivity. This study introduces an innovative method for synthesizing high‐performance polymer aerogels to address the challenge. Specifically, we detail the production of poly (2,5‐dihydroxy‐1,4‐phenylene pyridine diimidazole) (PIPD or M5) aerogels. This process involves chemically stripping M5 “super” fibers into nanofibers, undergoing a Sol‐Gel transition, followed by freeze‐drying and subsequent thermal annealing. The M5 aerogels excel beyond existing polymer aerogels, boasting an ultralight density of 6.03 mg cm−3, superior thermal insulation with thermal conductivity at 32 mW m−1 K−1, inherent flame retardancy (LOI=50.3 %), 80 % compression resilience, a high specific surface area of 462.1 m2 g−1, and outstanding thermal stability up to 463 °C. These multi‐faceted properties position the M5 aerogel as a front‐runner in lightweight insulation materials, demonstrating the strategic use of high‐performance polymer assembly units in aerogel design.
Insights into Mechanistic Aspect of Organic Materials for Aluminum‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Luo Zhiruo , Peng Xiyue , Wang Lianzhou , Luo Bin
Published: September 2024

Rechargeable aluminum‐ion batteries (AIBs) with organic electrode materials have garnered significant attention due to their excellent safety profile, cost‐effectiveness, and eco‐friendly nature. This review examines the fundamental properties of organic compounds and their effects on battery performance, with a primary focus on how changes in ion interactions and charge storage mechanisms at active sites influence overall performance. The aim is to propose innovative design approaches for AIBs that overcome the constraints associated with various types of organic materials. The review also discusses the application of advanced analytical tools, providing insights to better understand the electrochemical process of AIBs.