bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Predictive Modeling for Imbalanced Big Data in SAS Enterprise Miner and R
Authors: Nguyen Son , Olinsky Alan , Quinn John , Schumacher Phyllis
Published: July 2018

There have been a variety of predictive models capable of handling binary targets, ranging from traditional logistic regression to modern neural networks. However, when the target variable represents a rare event, these models might not be appropriate as they assume that the distribution in the target variable is balanced. In this article, the impact of multiple resampling methods on conventional predictive models is studied. These resampling techniques include the methods of oversampling of the rare events, undersampling of the common events in the data, and synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE). The predictive models of decision trees, logistic regression and rule induction are applied with SAS Enterprise Miner (EM) software to the revised data. The studied data set is of home mortgage applications which includes a target variable with an occurrence rate of the rare event being 0.8%. The authors varied the percentage of the rare event from the original of 0.8% up to 50% and monitored the associated performances of the three predictive models to see which one worked the best.
Comparative Analysis of Morphological Techniques for Malaria Detection
Authors: Pattanaik P.A , Swarnkar Tripti
Published: July 2018

The genus Plasmodium parasite causes malaria infection. Fast detection and accurate diagnosis of infected and non-infected malaria erythrocytes from microscopic blood smear images open the door to effective assistance and patient-specific treatment. This article presents a comparative experimental analysis of visual detection of infected erythrocytes malaria parasites via the most efficient morphological techniques from gold standard blood smear images. In this article, twelve different widely-used morphological algorithms are evaluated followed by a random forest classifier for detecting infected erythrocytes based on their performance vis-a-vis microscopic blood smear images. Accurate detection of infected malaria erythrocytes is done using the two ranges of blood smear image datasets with varying malaria parasite density. Finally, compared to 11 morphological techniques in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, the qualitative assessment of experimental results unveil that the Histogram method offers more meaningful and impactful findings.
Spiral-Phase Masked Optical Image Health Care Encryption System for Medical Images Based on Fast Walsh-Hadamard Transform for Security Enhancement
Authors: Khurana Mehak , Singh Hukum
Published: July 2018

This article describes how a new digital spiral phase masked encryption scheme is proposed for health care system based on the Fast Walsh-Hadamard transform (FWHT) to enhance the security of the health-related information systems. The proposed encryption system uses the brain scan image to encrypt brain information from the unauthorized access. Spiral mask used here is a hybrid of Radial Hilbert Mask (RHM) and Toroidal Zone Plate (TZP) Mask which makes the key strong and enhances the security. Proposed schemes not only increase the key space but also increases the number of parameters which makes it difficult for an attacker to find exact key to recover original image. Another advantage of this proposed scheme is FWHT which reduces the quantization error that helps in reconstructing the brain image and information perfectly. The robustness of the proposed cryptosystem has been analysed by simulating on MATLAB 8.1.0(R2012b). The experimental results are provided to highlight the effectiveness, robustness and suitability of the proposed cryptosystem that prove the system can be used in healthcare data encryption.
Robust Data Findings of E-Learning Analytics Recommender Systems and Their Impact on System Adoption for Student Experiences
Authors: Alharbi Hadeel , Sandhu Kamaljeet
Published: July 2018

E-learning recommender systems have an import role in Saudi Arabia to facilitate the education empowerment of women. The understanding of the key factors that affect adoption is critical to achieving educational equality in outcomes in countries with gender-based cultural practices. Therefore, this study examined Saudi Arabian students' experiences of using an e-learning analytics recommender system during their study and the extent to which their experiences were predictors of their adoption and post-adoption of the system. A sample of 353 students from various universities in Saudi Arabia completed a survey questionnaire for data collection. Results showed that user experience is a significant predictor of student adoption and post-adoption of an e-learning recommender system. This study determined that adoption is significantly linked to the ability to effectively navigate and utilise the e-learning systems. Therefore, based on these findings, this study concluded that universities must support students to develop their awareness of, and skills in using an e-learning recommender system to support students' long-term acceptance and use of the system.
The Relationship Between Education and Absence Rates for Both Sexes in Canada
Authors: Zhang Kunxin
Published: July 2018

Does education have an influence on absence rates of full-time employees? The absence rates include the illness or disability, personal or family responsibility. The purpose of this report is to give an overview of the change in absence rates of full-time employees for both males and females in Canada from 1993 to 2013, and then research why higher education is correlated with less absence rates. To research why higher education is correlated with less absence rates, the authors used the data from CANSIM, the change by average earnings of individuals for both males and females by National Occupational Classification for Statistics. This article also considers the type of job difference, the opportunity cost and the nature of job to research the relationship between the education and absence rates. Improvement of modern education and QoL through the education reform and technological advancement will be helpful to overcome current challenges.
A Preliminary Study on Adaptive Evolution Control Using Rank Correlation for Surrogate-Assisted Evolutionary Computation
Authors: Kuwahata Yudai , Kushida Jun-ichi , Ono Satoshi
Published: July 2018

This article describes how surrogate-assisted evolutionary computation (SAEC) has widely applied to approximate expensive optimization problems, which require much computational time such as hours for one solution evaluation. SAEC may potentially also reduce the processing time of inexpensive optimization problems wherein solutions are evaluated within a few seconds or minutes. To achieve this, the approximation model construction for an objective function should be iterated as few times as possible during optimization. Therefore, this article proposes an adaptive evolution control mechanism for SAEC using rank correlations between actually evaluated and approximately evaluated values of the objective function. These correlations are then used to adaptively switch the approximation and actual evaluation phases, reducing the number of runs required to learn the approximation model. Experiments show that the proposed method could successfully reduce the processing time in some benchmark functions even under inexpensive scenario.
Improving the Bluetooth Hopping Sequence for Better Security in IoT Devices
Authors: Sinda Matt , Danner Tyler , O'Neill Sean , Alqurashi Abeer , Kim Haeng-Kon
Published: July 2018

The Internet of Things (IoT) is becoming more pervasive in our daily lives and is being used to add conveniences to our everyday items. There are several standards that are allowing these devices to communicate with each other and ultimately, with our mobile devices. However, in a rush to meet market demand, security was not considered until after the device had already been placed on the market. Most of the work done in improving security has been in the area of encryption. However, with the relatively small footprint of IoT devices, this makes strong encryption difficult. The authors' method will show that the current algorithm used to determine the next Bluetooth frequency hop is vulnerable to attack, and will suggest a novel algorithm to more securely select the next frequency to use. They will simulate their solution algorithmically to showcase their approach and in so doing demonstrate that it moves to the next frequency in a more random pattern than the existing model achieves. In this article, the authors present a new framework for improving security that focuses on the timing of frequency hopping, particularly in Bluetooth. The results show that focusing on different timing sequences for how long a device stays on a particular frequency both fits the current Bluetooth Lite architecture and provides adequate security for IoT devices, as it is demonstrably more random that the existing architecture.
Plagiarism Detection in Marathi Language Using Semantic Analysis
Authors: Naik Ramesh Ram , Landge Maheshkumar B. , Namrata Mahender C.
Published: July 2018

In this article, the authors have proposed a method to detect plagiarism in the Marathi language by using semantic analysis. Nowadays, plagiarism is a challenging task in educational and research fields. Currently, there are some tools available to detect the plagiarism on the basis of similarity of words. But there is no tool available to detect the plagiarism semantically. In this article, the authors have applied preprocessing to a database i.e. tokenization, removed stop words and punctuations, for the goal of calculating the frequency of words. Then searching the same word or synonyms of words in wordnet to detect the semantic plagiarism. It is useful for many researchers who are working in this domain.
Immersive Wearables
Authors: Briggs J. Ryan
Published: July 2018

This article examines how some of the social and political implications to immersive wearables, particularly in their capacity as surveillance technology, threaten to transform if not undermine the fundamental values behind the western liberal democracy. Precisely because immersive wearables will, in many cases, prove invaluable easy will it probably be for their associated social and political risks to be lost among the excitement, at least early on. Before, that is, such risks become hard realities and woven into the fabric of civilization. For this reason, this article looks to serve as a modest premortem on the social and political implications to immersive wearables, whereby encouraging the practice of anticipating and proactively interrogating what it means to essentially transform the bodily act of apprehending both the physical world and the digital one––heretofore mostly disjointed experiences, united only by the faculties used––into one primarily mediated by networked computer interfaces based on immersion.
Joy in Academia
Authors: Bula Germán Ulises , González Sebastián Alejandro
Published: July 2018

What is the role of academia in society as a whole? Is the sole role of schools and universities to provide training for the jobs marketplace, or should academia help in the work of society's ongoing adaptation and self-recognition? This article uses Stafford Beer's Viable System Model to argue that academia's role goes beyond servicing the economy, and that it must be organized in such a way that it can actually perform the roles of adaptation and re-thinking of identity of society. In order to perform these goals well, certain evaluative and organizational conditions must be met. The role of academia in society is construed as analogous to the role of positive emotions in human beings: they both serve to enhance the repertoire of possible actions of a system, and to integrate these possibilities in a coherent whole. Just as positive emotions need conditions of contextual safety, so does academia: therefore, it is necessary to revise certain evaluative practices that hinder academia's creative roles.
Avatar-Based Group Discussions in Virtual Worlds
Authors: Nussli Natalie , Oh Kevin
Published: July 2018

This article focuses on developing guidelines for the effective facilitation of avatar-based group discussions. This qualitative inquiry is guided by an investigation of (1) social affordances of avatar-based discussions, with an emphasis on social and physical presence, (2) strategies to help establish rapport with other avatars, and (3) the complexities of communication modalities (voice vs. text) in avatar-based discussions. The study also explores the benefits and challenges of participating in virtual discussions. The data originated from avatar-based discussion groups in Second Life moderated by expert hosts and co-hosts and were gathered through participant and non-participant observation. Guidelines for the effective moderation of avatar-based discussion groups are presented throughout the chapter, such as, creating a feeling of acceptance and non-judgment, communicating synchronously to support immediacy, demonstrating virtual sharing acts, using voice for humanized communication, showing social emotionality, and observing real-life social norms.
Malaysian University Students' Preferences of Social Media and LMS in Academia
Authors: Kasuma Shaidatul Akma Adi , Saleh Mohamad Saifudin Mohamad , Akhiar Ayuni , Ismail Yanny Marliana Baba
Published: July 2018

Academic online portals of Learning Management System (LMS) and social media have become a necessity in many higher education institutions to tie classroom meetings with learning resources. This study examines Malaysian university students' preferences of social media and LMS for academic purposes. A set of questionnaires was distributed to 269 students at four Malaysian universities. The results show that the students preferred both social media and e-learning for academic purposes, although their interest in social media was slightly higher than that of e-learning. The students had a higher regard for the academic content shared with them, than the design of a social media or e-learning platform. This suggests that both social media and e-learning are highly suitable to be used in academic environment to cater to students' need for formal-informal learning.
Iranian EFL Learners' Cognitive Styles and Their Explanations of Conceptual Metaphors
Authors: Piri Somaye , Tafazoli Dara
Published: July 2018

The current study aims to investigate Iranian EFL learners' cognitive styles and their explanations of conceptual metaphors, offering a possible range of individual differences in metaphor processing. 71 participants were asked to explain some established conceptual metaphors that are commonly used in English. Then, their cognitive styles were classified into “analytic” or “holistic” and “imager” or “verbalizer” by means of cognitive styles test. Data analysis revealed that 29 participants (40.85%) explained the three conceptual metaphors by making structural correspondences between source and target domain. Moreover, 20 participants (28.17%) explained at least one of the metaphors by applying elements which were not part of the source domain. The results of the experiment revealed that learners with “holistic” cognitive styles were more likely to blend their conception of the target domain with the source domain in comparison to participants with “analytic” styles; also, “imagers” were more likely than “verbalizers” to refer to stereotypical images to explain the metaphors.
Politieke strategieë van aktiviste vir die amptelike erkenning van Afrikaans
Authors: Steyn Jaap
Published: July 2018

Political strategies of activists for the official recognition of Afrikaans. Five language activists followed different political strategies between 1875 and 1925 to ensure Afrikaans became one of the official languages of South Africa. S.J. du Toit tried to promote Afrikaans, but realised that in the nineteenth century Cape Colony, he could only do it by helping the Dutch advocates acquire several rights. Through the apt manoeuvrings at the National Convention in 1908, General J.B.M. Hertzog and President M.T. Steyn secured official status for Dutch and English in the Union of South Africa, as well as the equal treatment of these two languages. Without language equality, official recognition could easily exist only in name. By choosing a language design, they also ensured that the final recognition of Afrikaans was merely a formality. J.H.H. de Waal and C.J. Langenhoven were the only important activists who were outright anti-Dutch. Through their political actions, they established Afrikaans for certain functions, even before official recognition. Langenhoven also accelerated the standardisation of Afrikaans, thus facilitating official recognition.
The Bloomsbury Companion to Bertrand Russell
Authors: Wahl Russell
Published: July 2018

A founder of modern analytic philosophy and one of the most important logicians of the twentieth century, Bertrand Russell has influenced generations of philosophers. The Bloomsbury Companion to Bertrand Russell explores this influence in detail and responds to renewed interest in Russell’s philosophical approach, presenting the best guide to research in Russell studies today.

Bringing new insights into Russell’s relationship with his contemporaries, a team of experts explore his life-long battles with important philosophical issues. They consider how he influenced thinkers and schools of thought, from Schröder, Frege and Meinong to Wittgenstein and the Vienna Circle, while also covering his impact on individual issues in epistemology, logic, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, philosophy of language, and political philosophy. Importantly this companion discusses often overlooked topics. Focusing on Russell’s later views, including his moral philosophy and his politics, reveals that Russell did make significant contributions to ethics - both theoretical and practical - in the course of his career.

Through a combination of enlightening historical background and sustained focus on Russell’s impact on contemporary areas of philosophy, The Bloomsbury Companion to Bertrand Russell demonstrates why Russell continues to influence philosophers of language, mathematics, epistemology and metaphysics
Grammalepsy
Authors: Cayley John
Published: July 2018

Collecting and recontextualizing writings from the last twenty years of John Cayley’s research-based practice of electronic literature, Grammalepsy introduces a theory of aesthetic linguistic practice developed specifically for the making and critical appreciation of language art in digital media. As he examines the cultural shift away from traditional print literature and the changes in our culture of reading, Cayley coins the term “grammalepsy” to inform those processes by which we make, understand, and appreciate language.

Framing his previous writings within the overall context of this theory, Cayley eschews the tendency of literary critics and writers to reduce aesthetic linguistic making—even when it has multimedia affordances—to “writing.” Instead, Cayley argues that electronic literature and digital language art allow aesthetic language makers to embrace a compositional practice inextricably involved with digital media, which cannot be reduced to print-dependent textuality.
Effect of Mucin13 gene polymorphism on diarrhoeagenic E. coli adhesion pattern and its expression analysis in native Indian pigs
Authors: Sinha Rebeka , Sahoo Nihar Ranjan , Shrivastava Kush , Kumar Pushpendra , Qureshi Salauddin , Kumar Amit , Ravi Kumar Gandham Venkata Papa Pydi Siva , Bhushan Bharat
Published: July 2018

Abstract. We identified genetic polymorphism in Mucin13 gene affecting E. coli adhesion patterns using (local isolate) diarrhoeagenic E. coli in Indian desi pigs. Five SNPs and one indel previously reported to be associated with enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) F4ab/ac adhesion pattern were examined by designing PCR-RFLP protocol. The genotypic frequencies of only one SNP (g.22304A > G) differed significantly (at P≤0.05) in adhesive, non-adhesive and weakly adhesive population. The AA (306 sbp, 231 bp), AG (306, 231, 108, 198 bp) and GG (231, 198 bp, 108 b) genotypes of g.22304A > G locus were observed with frequencies 50.0 %, 21.25 % and 28.75 %, respectively and AG genotype was significantly (P≤0.05) associated with a non-adhesive pattern. The polymorphism information content of SNPs ranged from 17.67 (g.22124T > C) to 37.36 % (g.21471C > T) loci. Three loci (g.21471C > T, g.22124T > C and g.22304A > G) were significantly departed from Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium. The linkage disequilibrium analysis revealed locus g.22124T > C and g.22304A > G were significantly (P≤0.05) associated with each other. Expression profiling of target gene in jejuna of animals having AA, AG and GG genotypes revealed differences in various genotypes with the highest in the AA, moderate in the GG and low levels in the AG genotype, although they were statistically non-significant (at P≤0.05). The absence of significant effect of genotypes on MUC13 mRNA expression indicates no direct functional role, although the structural role can not be ignored as the putative receptor gene is located within targeted genomic region. Further, reports of same SNP association with an ETEC F4ab/ac adhesion pattern indicate the target gene's role in diarrhoea even caused by other strains of E. coli which is not ETEC.
New particle formation in marine atmosphere during seven cruise
campaigns
Authors: Zhu Yujiao , Li Kai , Shen Yanjie , Gao Yang , Liu Xiaohuan , Yu Yang , Gao Huiwang , Yao Xiaohong
Published: July 2018

Abstract. To study the particle number concentration, size distribution and new particle formation (NPF) events in marine atmosphere, we made measurements during six cruise campaigns over the marginal seas of China in 2011–2016 and one campaign from the marginal seas to the Northwest Pacific Ocean (NWPO) in 2014. We observed relatively frequent NPF events in the atmosphere over the marginal seas of China, i.e., 23 out of 126 observational days with the highest occurrence frequency in fall, followed by spring and summer. 22 out of 23 NPF events were analyzed to be associated with the long-range transport of continental pollutants based on 24-hr air mass back trajectories and the preexisting particle number concentrations largely exceeding the clean marine background, leaving one much weaker NPF event to be likely induced by oceanic precursors alone and supported by multiple independent evidences. Although the long-range transport signal of continental pollutants can be clearly observed in the remote marine atmosphere over the NWPO, NPF events were observed only in 2 days out of 36 days. The nucleation mode particles ( 8 cm−3 s−1. The possible mechanisms were argued in terms of roles of different vapor precursors. We also found a ceiling existing for the growth of new particles from 10 nm to larger size in most of NPF events. We thereby introduce a term, i.e., the maximum geometric median diameter of new particles (Dpgmax) and correlate it with the growth rate of new particles (GR). A moderately good linear correlation was also obtained between Dpgmax and GR, and only GR larger than 7.9 nm h−1 can lead to new particles growing with Dpgmax beyond 50 nm. Combining simultaneous measurements of the particle number size distributions and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) at different super saturations (SS), we indeed observed a clear increase in CCN when the Dpg of new particles exceeded 50 nm at SS = 0.4 %. However, it was not the case for SS = 0.2 %. Consistent with previous studies in continental atmosphere, our results implied that 50 nm can be used as the threshold for new particles to be activated as CCN in the marine atmosphere. Moreover, the κ decreased from 0.4 to 0.1 during the growth period of new particles, implying that organics likely overwhelmed the growth of new particle to CCN size. The chemical analysis of nano-MOUDI samples revealed TMA and oxalic acid may play the important role in the growth of new particles.
Strings, Physies, and Hogs Bristles
Authors: Kuklok Allison
Published: July 2018

It is often claimed that classification, on Locke’s view, proceeds by attending to the similarities between things,1 and it is widely argued that nothing about the sensible similarities between things determines how we are to sort them, in which case sorting substances at the phenomenal level must be arbitrary. However, acquaintance with the “internal” or hidden qualities of substances might yet reveal objective boundaries. Citing what I refer to as the Watch passage [henceforth Watches], many commentators claim that classification at the microphysical level must also be arbitrary. They conclude that sorting is arbitrary at any level of description. I refer to this as the standard reading of Locke on classification.

In this paper I argue that Locke does not claim that sorting is arbitrary, either at the phenomenal level, or at the microphysical level. First, Locke does not claim in Watches that sorting is arbitrary at the microphysical level. The existence or nonexistence of objective boundaries at the microphysical level is not Watches’ topic and the passage is in fact silent on that question. Here, the standard reading mistakes a claim about the nature of the task of locating “specific differences” for a claim about the nature of the task of classification. This diagnosis proves instructive, for I argue that a similar conflation underwrites the standard reading’s claim that sorting at the phenomenal level must be arbitrary. Far from arbitrarily choosing how to sort things in terms of their phenomenal similarities, Locke thought that the mind simply follows nature’s lead. This characterization of the mind’s activity, I go on to argue, accords well with Locke’s claim that species are the workmanship of the understanding.
Review of The Routledge Companion to Seventeenth Century Philosophy by Dan Kaufman (ed.)
Authors: Jolley Nicholas
Published: July 2018

A review of Dan Kaufman's (ed.) recent book The Routledge Companion to Seventeenth Century Philosophy (London and New York: Routledge, 2018).
Capital Structure and Political Risk in an Emerging Market: Evidence from Companies Listed on the Stock Exchange of Mauritius
Authors: Amelot Lydie Myriam Marcelle , Ushad Subadar Agathee , Lamport Mattew
Published: July 2018

Cashman, Harrison and Scheiler (2014) stated that companies with less political risk will use more debts than other organisations in other countries with more exposure to political risk. In particular, when there are low political risks, there will be more leverage and when there is high political uncertainty, there will be low debts indicating a negative relationship between financial leverage and political risk (Cashman, 2015). To this effect, this study will investigate the link between capital structure and political risk in an emerging market such as Mauritius. The data sample includes 30 financial and non- financial companies listed on the Stock exchange of Mauritius over a time frame ranging from 2011 to 2015 with a total number of 135 observations. The political risk was based on two World Bank indicators, namely political change index and corruption perceptions index. Based on a panel regression model, the empirical results show an insignificant relationship between financial leverage and political risk. In particular, it is implied that there is little evidence on the importance of political risk on firms’ decision in Mauritius due to the fact that Mauritian companies consider other types of risks to be more relevant when taking on more debts. The study adds to the existing literature on emerging markets and highlights the specificity of the Mauritian equity market relative to other developed markets.
Ex Machinaand the Fate of Posthuman Masculinity: The Technical Death of Man
Authors: Matthews Malcolm
Published: July 2018

In The Posthuman, Rosi Braidotti asks the essential question, “Where does the posthuman condition leave humanity?” (3). I propose that embedded within this question is the more ominous and evocative question, “Where does the posthuman condition leave men and masculinity?” In this paper, I argue that, amid fluctuating contemporary codes of masculinity, “posthumanism” is an imperfect term for what is, fundamentally, postphallocentrism and the ultimate death of man. Alex Garland’s film Ex Machina exemplifies the degree to which hegemonic masculinity is culturally entrenched and the lengths humanist man will go to to preserve himself. The posthumanist conversation, while thought-provoking in theory and compelling at its core, tends to overlook or to underestimate man’s self-preservative resistance to an ontology that heralds his obsolescence. Ex Machina articulates this resistance and exposes male anxieties in the face of posthuman reconfigurations of subjectivity and redefinitions of masculinity in a technocentric era.
Making Enhancement Equitable: A Racial Analysis of the Term “Human Animal” and the Inclusion of Black Bodies in Human Enhancement
Authors: Butler Philip
Published: July 2018

This article seeks to deconstruct the language employed by critical posthumanism, specifically the term “human animal.” It explores the implications of its use as a blockade against the equitable inclusion of Black bodies in human enhancement. Essentially, it suggests that human advancement has universal implications. This is especially important in considering how enhancement will be distributed among those who do not fit normative humanistic descriptions. The reality of my context is that many Black folks in the United States are just beginning to explore what it means to be both Black and human within the bounds of “equality.” There remains within Black subjects a tremendous amount of baggage associated with historical objectifications, stemming from ancestral experiences and communal narratives. So, when white scholars propose a futuristic critical framework without employing a thorough assessment of race, skepticism from Black scholars regarding equity should be expected. This is especially true when human animality is a key component of that framework.
Editorial No. 47
Authors: Editor El
Published: July 2018

Realidad y Reflexión Año 18, No 47, 48 Enero-Junio 2018; p.11
El Salvador en el diván : Una lectura psicoanalítica
Authors: Picardo Joao Oscar
Published: July 2018

Siguiendo los postulados de Erich Fromm para comprender los procesos de la vida anímica contemporánea. Se intenta entender qué sucede en la sociedad salvadoreña. En los padecimientos psicopáticos-sociales reflejados en las altas estadísticas de homicidios, suicidios, corrupción y migración. Es un acercamiento al subconsciente cultural y otros procesos no comprendidos que podrían estar influyendo en el modo de actuar de la sociedad; pero desde un plano simbólico, intentando comprender un diagnóstico simple y algunas salidas terapéuticas para abordar los problemas.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 18, No 47, 48 Enero-Junio 2018; pp.38-46
Pescando información en el océano de datos de Twitter
Authors: Humberstone Morales James Edward
Published: July 2018

Las redes sociales son portales que ofrecen plataformas donde las personas comparten libremente sus opiniones y sentimientos sobre los temas de interés que acontecen en una sociedad. En la presente investigación se presenta un procedimiento para pescar información del océano de datos de la red social Twitter. Para ello se analiza una muestra de 1,000 tuits generados por usuarios del municipio de San Salvador, El Salvador, acerca de un tema mediático.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 18, No 47, 48 Enero-Junio 2018; pp.47-57
Estudio de materiales de bajo coste para la mejora de la desalinización solar de agua de mar
Authors: Christoph Rainer , Hernández Ángel , Muñoz Romeo , Ventura Jonathan , Büscher Wolfgang
Published: July 2018

La evaporación de agua altamente eficiente bajo iluminación solar es de importancia clave para el rendimiento de los alambiques de desalinización de agua de mar. La eficiencia de la generación de vapor térmico aumenta notablemente a través del aislamiento térmico de las capas superficiales de agua irradiada del agua subyacente. Estudios recientes han demostrado que el uso de nanomateriales con propiedades plasmónicas superficiales da lugar a aumentos adicionales de la eficiencia térmica. Presentamos los resultados de los experimentos de evaporación de agua in situ realizados en condiciones ambientales normales. El uso de estructuras flotantes de capas de sándwich (SLS), puede incrementar las tasas de evaporación de agua de hasta un 43% en comparación con las tasas obtenidas para superficies de agua lisa con un bulto expuesto a la luz subyacente. La importancia del transporte acuático para la superficie SLS expuesta a la luz, y por lo tanto el diseño SLS es crucial, como demostramos con un conjunto adicional de experimentos. La eficiencia de evaporación aumenta cuando en la superficie iluminada SLS hay capas de polvo impregnadas en agua de absorbentes de luz fuertes. Los resultados comparativos obtenidos con las capas de grafito en polvo húmedo y los compuestos de rocas ígneas muestran que, en las mismas condiciones experimentales, la tasa de evaporación del agua puede aumentar hasta un 470%, en comparación con las superficies de agua desnudas.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 18, No 47, 48 Enero-Junio 2018; pp.58-73
El impacto de los implantes de los microchips en los Estados Unidos. ¿Esclavitud o beneficio?
Authors: Urquilla Castaneda Alicia
Published: July 2018

Desde los ataques terroristas del 11 de Septiembre, los poderes que se encuentran no pueden tener suficiente vigilancia sobre nosotros. Lo último en su búsqueda de querer ver cada uno de nuestros movimientos viene en forma de píldoras con un microchip. Este artículo comprende información sobre los diferentes enfoques del uso del microchip en nuestras vidas y lo podemos ir viendo como una realidad por el reciente microchip aprobado por la FDA en una píldora que será la excusa perfecta para colocar la vigilancia dentro de nuestros cuerpos. Al final se brindarán las conclusiones.

Realidad y Reflexión Año 18, No 47, 48 Enero-Junio 2018; pp.108-121
Survey of umbilical cord care practices and separation time in healthy new-born in Maiduguri, Nigeria
Authors: Hamina Dathini , Kever Robert Teryila , Uba Markus Njida , Nelson Lola , Haruna Habu , Ayuba Gagare A. , Friday Ishaya E. , Damkor Pius Iorapuu
Published: July 2018

This study aimed at assessing the umbilical cord care practices and separation time in healthy new-born in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. A descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. A total of 365 women attending child welfare clinic were selected through systematic random sampling technique from three health care facilities in Maiduguri Metropolis. A self-developed and validated questionnaire was used to collect information from the women on common cord care practices and knowledge of standard umbilical cord care practices. The questionnaire was pretested in State Specialist Hospital Maiduguri, Borno State and the correlation coefficient of 0.87 determined. The result of the study revealed that common cord care practices among women in Maiduguri include the use of methylated spirit, hot compress, charcoal, Vaseline and table salt. Others were mixture of methylated spirit with traditional concoctions, toothpaste and cow dung were also found to be commonly used by the mothers. The mean umbilical cord separation time of 3.5 days (± 0.397) was observed with the unorthodox treatment of the cord. Although there was a good knowledge among the respondents with regards to standard umbilical cord care practice, there was however no commensurate practice. Therefore, there is an urgent need for cultural re-orientation most especially of women with regard and unhygienic traditional cord care practices on the new born.
Las reducciones jesuíticas de guaranies en el marco teológico jurídico de la Escuela Ibérica de la Paz
Authors: Melià Bartomeu
Published: July 2018

Os abusos e crueldades cometidos pelos conquistadores e colonizadores espanhóis na América foram, desde muito cedo, denunciados por outros espanhóis, que mostraram uma consciência profundamente crítica sobre tais eventos. A reflexão sistemática e convergente por parte de teólogos e juristas de universidades espanholas e lusitanas sobre os fatos referidos, deu lugar a uma corrente de pensamento que tem sido chamada de “Escola Ibérica da Paz”. Os jesuítas, fundadores das reduções do Paraguai, conheceram e tomaram para si esta linha de pensamento, procurando, ainda, coloca-la em prática. Em torno a isto se constituíram aquele que frequentemente foi entendido como modelo utópico das referidas missões. Os escritos do primeiro provincial jesuíta do Paraguay, Diego de Torres Bollo, as “Ordenanzas” de Francisco de Alfaro, e os “Memoriais” do padre Antonio Ruiz de Montoya, assim como a assembleia indígena de Mbaracayú de 1630, confirmariam esta hipótese.
Entrevista a Alexandre Coello de la Rosa
Authors: Paz Carlos Daniel
Published: July 2018

Entrevista a Alexandre Coello de la Rosa, realizada por Dr. Carlos Daniel Paz.
Monterrey. Correo literario de Alfonso Reyes: a publicação do escritor-embaixador e suas convergências e dissonâncias em relação às diretrizes oficiais da Secretaria de Relações Exteriores do México (1930-1937). Correo literario de Alfonso Reyes: a publicação do escritor-embaixador e suas convergências e dissonâncias em relação às diretrizes oficiais da secretaria de relações exteriores do México (1930-1937)
Authors: Dias Natally Vieira
Published: July 2018

O artigo analisa os interesses políticos envolvidos na publicação do periódico Monterrey. Correo Literario de Alfonso Reyes, entre 1930 e 1937, em sua maior parte durante o período em que o escritor mexicano atuava como embaixador de seu país no Brasil. A proposta é ampliar a visão que normalmente tem sido apresentada do periódico, simplesmente como um projeto pessoal do escritor com fins literários. O argumento desenvolvido é o de que a publicação de Monterrey também comportou uma função política que se inseria em um projeto maior, de cunho oficial, de promoção internacional do México pósrevolucionário. A análise do periódico permite identificar a participação ativa do escritor-embaixador Alfonso Reyes nessa política diplomática, mas também alguns elementos de dissonância entre a sua atuação e as diretrizes oficiais da política externa mexicana no período.
El ´Documento Final´ y las demandas en torno a los desaparecidos en la última etapa de la dictadura militar argentina
Authors: Franco Marina
Published: July 2018

Este artigo estuda o processo final da última ditadura militar argentina (1976-1983) com ênfase nas tensões políticas em torno do “problema dos desaparecidos”. Para tanto, analisa-se o conjunto de medidas propostas pela Junta Militar para "responder" às demandas públicas e políticas sobre o tema e analisa-se detalhadamente o "Documento Final da Junta Militar sobre a guerra contra a subversão e o terrorismo". em abril de 1983. O estudo das tensões em torno de sua elaboração e das reações por ele produzidas mostra a importância que esse documento teve no processo histórico, que conduziu, de forma indeterminada, à posterior investigação e julgamento das Forças Armadas na Pós-ditadura.
Memórias em torno de Apolônio de Tiana: feiticeiro, homem divino e rival de Jesus Cristo
Authors: Silva Semíramis Corsi
Published: July 2018

Objetiva-se, nesse artigo, mostrar como se constituíram duas memórias sobre o personagem de Apolônio de Tiana, uma como feiticeiro charlatão e outra como homem divino, no período do Principado romano. Para isso, apresentaremos como havia uma fronteira muito tênue entre práticas de cunho mágico não consideradas negativas, de outras tidas como maléficas dentro daquilo que os antigos gregos e romanos do Principado pensavam sobre a magia. Da mesma forma, buscaremos levantar aspectos sobre a construção de Apolônio de Tiana na documentação da Antiguidade Tardia e nos conflitos desse contexto. A partir disso, faremos considerações sobre as memórias em torno de Apolônio de Tiana na contemporaneidade, sendo que uma das memórias do personagem que a Antiguidade Tardia nos legou é sua constituição enquanto rival de Jesus Cristo.
La Predicación del Evangelio en las Indias del padre Acosta SJ: un antecedente teórico de intervención social
Authors: Aguerre Natalia
Published: July 2018

Durante a colonização espanhola, a catequese cristã era motivo de preocupação para as congregações que se encontravam nos territórios do Vice-Reino do Peru, pois sua pregação era dificultada pelas lutas de conquista, conflitos civis internos, a dispersão dos indígenas, a pouca preparação dos padres encarregados das doutrinas e, principalmente, pela escassez de missionários que conhecessem bem as línguas originais para ensiná-las e confessá-las. Para corrigir isso, a figura do Padre Acosta S.J. Foi fundamental, pois através da exposição “A Pregação do Evangelho nas Índias”, os clérigos presentes puderam reconhecer que era necessário refletir sobre as práticas nas missões, entendendo que os problemas que surgiam com os indígenas eram o produto do tipo de relacionamento que os padres estavam propondo. Acosta S.J. Ele entendeu que se os padres continuassem lendo e pensando em termos muito distantes de seu tempo, o diagnóstico da situação estaria errado. Nesse sentido, a análise crítica do argumento de A Pregação do Evangelho nas Índias nos permitirá visualizar a ideologia jesuíta e compreender seus modos de intervenção do ponto de vista social durante o processo de evangelização americana.
Nos caminhos da fé: história, religião e religiosidade da Antiguidade ao mundo contemporâneo
Authors: Sá Charles Nascimento de , Oliveira Cintia Goncalves Gomes
Published: July 2018

O presente texto constitui-se em uma resenha sobre o livro História, Religiões e Religiosidade: da Antiguidade aos recortes contemporâneos, novas abordagens e debates sobre religiões. Obra plural tem como organizadores os professores André Figueiredo Rodrigues da UNESP/Assis e José Otávio Aguiar da UFCG. Traz em seu bojo debates e discussões que a pesquisa historiográfica tem efetuado nas últimas décadas sobre a religião e religiosidade em diversas partes do globo. Partindo da Antiguidade até o mundo contemporâneo são abordados temas que vão da religiosidade no mundo greco-romano, na África colonial, América portuguesa e Brasil República. Seus autores apresentam nessa obra síntese um esboço do que a academia, e a História, têm pesquisado no universo da religião e sua vivência em sociedade.
Biobibliografía de los protomártires jesuitas de América: Pedro Correia y João de Sousa
Authors: Page Carlos A.
Published: July 2018

O Irmão Correia foi um dos primeiros linguistas contados pela Companhia de Jesus na América. Devido a esse conhecimento, ele percorreu grande parte das terras do atual estado do Rio Grande do Sul, chegando aos Tamoios, Tupiniquins, Ybyrájaras e Carijós. A pacificação deste último, como os portugueses chamavam os Guatanis, levou-o a um martírio instigado por um espanhol, morrendo com seu companheiro, Irmão Sousa, por volta do Natal de 1554. Analisamos a literatura escrita sobre essas mortes, dos séculos XVI e XVII. , que começa por um escrito do P. José de Anchieta, para posteriormente reconstruir as vidas, nomeadamente a do Ir. Correia, a partir de um conjunto de documentos publicados que, em grande medida, medem, dão verdade à história de o santo de Santa Cruz. As mortes do HH. Correia e Sousa, constituíram a validação da presença da Companhia de Jesus na América, embora a história não tenha deixado de ser usada ideologicamente em diferentes circunstâncias e tempos. Até negando, atualmente, o papel que desempenharam na América, que é o problema e a hipótese que apresentamos.
Trends and disparities in the use of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Duplisea Jonathan J. , Mason Ross J. , Reichard Chad A. , Li Roger , Shen Yu , Boorjian Stephen A. , Dinney Colin P.
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) prior to radical or partial cystectomy is considered the standard of care for eligible patients with muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma. Despite guideline recommendations, adoption of NAC has historically been low, although prior studies have suggested that use is increasing. In this contemporary study, we examine trends in the use of NAC and explore factors associated with its receipt.

Methods: We identified patients in the National Cancer Database who underwent radical or partial cystectomy for cT2-cT4N0M0 urothelial carcinoma from 2006–2014. The proportion of patients receiving NAC during each year was examined. Logistic regression models were used to evaluate clinical and socioeconomic factors associated with the receipt of NAC.

Results: A total of 18 188 patients were identified who underwent radical or partial cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Overall, 3940 (21.7%) received NAC. We noted a significant increase in the use of NAC over time, from 9.7% in 2006 to 32.2% in 2014. Factors associated with lower use of NAC include older age, higher comorbidity score, lower cT stage, lower hospital radical cystectomy volume, treatment at a non-academic facility, lower patient income, and receipt of partial cystectomy (all p<0.001). Interestingly, neither sex nor race were associated with receipt of NAC.

Conclusions: Use of NAC has increased significantly over time to a modest rate of 32%. However, disparities still exist in the receipt of NAC, and future efforts aimed at mitigating these disparities are warranted.
Development and implementation of a mobile version of the O-SCORE assessment tool and case log for competency-based assessment in urology residency training: An initial assessment of utilization and acceptance among residents and faculty
Authors: Fitzpatrick Ryan , Paterson Nicholas R. , Watterson James , Seabrook Christine , Roberts Matthew
Published: July 2018

Introduction: In competency-based models of residency training, work-based assessments of residents’ technical skills are essential both for providing formative feedback and for assessing surgical competence. The Ottawa Surgical Competency Operating Room Evaluation (O-SCORE) is a previously validated paper-based evaluation tool created to assess a surgical trainees’ operative competence. To address some of the barriers to assessment, we developed and implemented a mobile application that combines the O-SCORE with a surgical case log.

Methods: A description of the development implementation process for the mobile O-SCORE and case log is provided. Following implementation, a survey was developed and administered electronically to all faculty and residents within the University of Ottawa’s Division of Urology to assess user perceptions and utilization of the application. The survey was administered and data collected via Survey Monkey.

Results: The overall response rate was 94%. The majority of residents (94%) reported that it was easy to log cases with the application and 81% felt that it had a positive impact on their training; 75% of faculty were willing or very willing to complete evaluations when assigned and 66% felt that the application had a positive effect on the quality of feedback they provided.

Conclusions: Overall, faculty and residents felt that our mobile O-SCORE application was user-friendly and valuable as both a surgical log and assessment tool. With surgical programs moving towards competency-based models of training and assessment, the O-SCORE mobile application represents a practical electronic surgical log and work-based assessment instrument that can be easily adopted into any surgical training program.