bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interferon Beta-1b for Multiple Sclerosis: Service Provision Promoting Therapy Adherence in Queensland, Australia
Authors: O'Maley Tim , Gazzard Bernadette
Published: May 2012

Adherence issues are an important consideration in the long-term support of patients who are using immunotherapies as part of their overall multiple sclerosis (MS) management. The MS Clinic nursing service at the Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital (RBWH) in Queensland, Australia, is staffed by two registered nurses. The service is responsible for disseminating MS-specific information and education on immunotherapies to people with MS, other health professionals, and community groups. Literature strongly suggests that psychosocial, physical, emotional, cognitive, and knowledge factors affect adherence rates. Perhaps the most important factor is patient expectations of therapy and perceptions of treatment success and failure. This article is a snapshot of a clinical service provided by a hospital-based public health MS nursing service.
Decision Making in Multiple Sclerosis: Theory to Practice
Authors: Morgante Linda , Hartley Gail , Lowden Diane , Namey Marie , LaRocca Theresa , Shilling Jan
Published: May 2012

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an uncertain disease that manifests itself in neurological symptoms unique to each individual. People with MS and their families experience the day-to-day variability of the disease and often face difficult decisions regarding their care. Decisions include opting for a disease-modifying therapy soon after the diagnosis of MS is confirmed, choosing various pharmaceutical and nonpharmaceutical treatments for managing the symptoms that result, changing therapies and selecting alternatives when prescribed treatments are not successful, and determining whether to enter a clinical trial of a promising medication. When new therapies become available, nurses are faced with the important task of clarifying expectations, helping patients understand the risks and benefits of the new agent and, if appropriate, the rationale for continuing on their current regimen rather than switching therapies. Patients should be taught to appraise how they are doing on their current treatment and then weigh the evidence of something new in the light of their personal disease course and information available from the media and from peers. A framework for helping patients and families to make complicated decisions is an important step in continuing to provide high-quality care. This can be considered a new domain of MS nursing—one that includes consideration of the patient's hopes and dreams combined with the reality of the evidence. Principles of adult learning, cultural sensitivity, and state-of-the-art nursing knowledge are needed by MS nurses more than ever. The future of MS treatment is one of optimism despite its complexity.
Physical Activity Among People With Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Gulick Elsie E. , Goodman Susan
Published: May 2012

Most studies reported in the literature regarding physical activity among people with multiple sclerosis (MS) focus on structured interventions. Physical activity can also be gained through many nonstructured activities. Little is known about the type and extent of physical activity performed by people with MS through activities of daily living (ADLs), house- and yardwork, and recreation that contribute to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommendation for a minimum of 30 minutes of moderately intense physical activity on most, if not all, days. Our aim was to survey people with MS regarding the kinds of physical activities they perform, time devoted to them according to disability level (mild, moderate, cane use, and scooter/wheelchair use), and their sources of information for physical activity. Descriptive and comparative analyses were conducted on data from 123 participants with MS through self-reported questionnaires pertaining to disability status, information sources for physical activity, type and time spent on physical activities, and symptom level. Common sources of information pertaining to physical activity were the National MS Society, physical therapists, books, pamphlets, health clubs, and physicians. Mildly disabled, moderately disabled, and cane-using groups spent considerable time engaging in physical activity related to housework. Sedentary recreation increased with increasing disability. Participation in ≥3 hours per week of total physical activity (including house- and yardwork, caretaking, and various exercises) was 96.3% of mildly disabled, 100% of moderately disabled and cane-using, and 75% of wheelchair/scooter-using participants. Fatigue, motor, and elimination symptoms were less among mildly and moderately disabled than cane-using groups. Elimination symptoms increased with increased exercise. In conclusion, non-structured physical activities through house- and yardwork, ADLs, caretaking, and recreation contribute significantly to CDC's recommendation for a minimum of 30 minutes of physical activity on most, if not all, days.
Development and Initial Analysis of Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale
Authors: Bishop Malachy , Frain Michael
Published: May 2012

This article describes the development and initial psychometric analysis of the Multiple Sclerosis Self-Management Scale (MSSM). The scale was developed to provide a comprehensive and psycho-metrically sound assessment of self-management knowledge and practices among adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). Items were developed based on a review of the MS and self-management literature and professional consultation. The scale was refined after pilot testing, and the reliability, validity, and factor structure of the refined scale were then assessed in a sample of 266 adults with MS. Construct validity was supported by factor analysis and correlation of MSSM with other constructs known to be related to self-management. Specifically, MSSM was significantly positively correlated with quality-of-life ratings and significantly negatively correlated with psychological and physical impact of MS, as measured with the Multiple Sclerosis Impact Scale. Internal consistency reliability for the scale was acceptable (α = .86). Factor analysis confirms a seven-factor model for MSSM, with subscales that measure several important components of self-management in MS. Additional research with MSSM is ongoing, but initial results suggest that the measure may be useful in both research and clinical applications.
Conmemoraciones del cuarto y quinto centenario del “12 de octubre de 1492”: debates sobre la identidad americana
Authors: Rodríguez Sandra Patricia
Published: May 2012

This article compares the centenary commemorations of October 12th carried out in 1892 and 1992. It shows how the continentalwide celebrations arose in the context of debates about American identity in which diverse actors struggled to promote their own interpretations of the past. They strategically employed celebrations, duels, objects, and memory-jarring symbolic inscriptions to symbolically control the past.
Una geografía para la guerra: narrativas del cerco en Francisco José de Caldas
Authors: Martínez Pinzón Felipe
Published: May 2012

In two emblematic texts–“Estado de la geografía del Virreinato de Santafé” (1807) and “Del influjo del clima sobre los seres organizados” (1808)–Francisco José de Caldas constructs a spatial narrative for the New Granada where the site of siege is localized at the center of the imagined map of the Vice-kingdom. The outside of civilization are the lowlands–and more radically, the jungle–with its mulatto, zambo, black, and indigenous populations, which always already threaten to take over the inside, the place of enunciation, a tempered climate of altitude, similar to that of Europe, inhabited by fantasized whites or light-skinned Hispanized/able mestizos. In creating a besieged geography, Caldas also invents a lasting paradigm whereby the Colombian state exercises warfare on its own territory as a means of actualizing its genetic narrative. Thus, this ideological construct sets in motion the menace of invasion as a ready-made dispositive that actualizes the polarities of Caldas’s exclusionary map.
Análisis de redes sociales en el mundo rural: guía inicial
Authors: Lugo-Morin Diosey Ramón
Published: May 2012

The rural world, through the influence of current economic logic, is in a constant state of change, represented by increases in the flow of migrations, the access to new markets, the rise of the rural woman as protagonist, the pluriactivty of countryside, and ethnic competitiveness, among others. In light of this, the actions of social players are increasingly present and the need for new analytical perspectives, such as the analysis of social networks, arises. Finally, this paper seeks to be an initial guide and starting point to analyze social networks in a rural environment.
Synthesis and Fabrication of Multifunctional Nanocomposites: Stable Dispersions of Nanoparticles Tethered with Short, Dense and Polydisperse Polymer Brushes in Poly(methyl methacrylate)
Authors: Wong Minhao , Guenther Johannes , Sun Luyi , Blümel Janet , Nishimura Riichi , Sue Hung‐Jue
Published: May 2012

This paper presents a melt‐processable multifunctional nanocomposite material that shows highly controlled tunability in refractive index, glass transition temperature (Tg) and energy bandgap. ZnO quantum dots tethered with polymer brushes are melt‐blended into the matrix polymer, giving rise to multiple functionalities in the nanocomposites. Brush–matrix polymer interactions are important in determining the ability of polymer‐grafted nanoparticles to disperse in a polymer melt, of which graft density (σ), brush (N) and matrix (P) polymer lengths are the critical parameters. It is generally assumed that long polymer brushes (N > P) and an optimum graft density are necessary to achieve a good dispersion. Here it is demonstrated that nanoparticles tethered with short, dense and polydisperse polymer brushes via radical copolymerization can exhibit a stable, fine dispersion in the polymer melt. The quality of the dispersion of the nanoparticles is characterized by measuring physical properties that are sensitive to the state of the dispersion. This synthesis method presents a general approach for the inexpensive and high‐throughput fabrication of high quality, melt‐blendable nanocomposites that incorporate functional nanoparticles, paving the way for wider application of high performance nanocomposites.
High‐Mobility and Low Turn‐On Voltage n‐Channel OTFTs Based on a Solution‐Processable Derivative of Naphthalene Bisimide
Authors: Tszydel Izabela , Kucinska Magdalena , Marszalek Tomasz , Rybakiewicz Renata , Nosal Andrzej , Jung Jaroslaw , Gazicki‐Lipman Maciej , Pitsalidis Charalabos , Gravalidis Christoforos , Logothetidis Stergios , Zagorska Malgorzata , Ulanski Jacek
Published: May 2012

In organic electronics solution‐processable n‐channel field‐effect transistors (FETs) matching the parameters of the best p‐channel FETs are needed. Progress toward the fabrication of such devices is strongly impeded by a limited number of suitable organic semiconductors as well as by the lack of processing techniques that enable strict control of the supramolecular organization in the deposited layer. Here, the use of N,N′‐bis(4‐n‐butylphenyl)‐1,4,5,8‐naphthalenetetracarboxylic‐1,4:5,8‐bisimide (NBI‐4‐n‐BuPh) for fabrication of n‐channel FETs is described. The unidirectionally oriented crystalline layers of NBI‐4‐n‐BuPh are obtained by the zone‐casting method under ambient conditions. Due to the bottom‐contact, top‐gate configuration used, the gate dielectric, Parylene C, also acts as a protective layer. This, together with a sufficiently low LUMO level of NBI‐4‐n‐BuPh allows the fabrication and operation of these novel n‐channel transistors under ambient conditions. The high order of the NBI‐4‐n‐BuPh molecules in the zone‐cast layer and high purity of the gate dielectric yield good performance of the transistors.
Studies on Chemical Modification of Porous Silicon‐Based Graded‐Index Optical Microcavities for Improved Stability Under Alkaline Conditions
Authors: Jalkanen T. , Mäkilä E. , Suzuki Y.‐I. , Urata T. , Fukami K. , Sakka T. , Salonen J. , Ogata Y. H.
Published: May 2012

Preparation of graded‐index optical microcavities based on porous silicon is demonstrated, and chemical modifications for obtaining improved stability under alkaline conditions are studied. Four surface modification methods for stabilizing the samples are examined, and the effects on the optical properties are verified. Two different thermal carbonization treatments resulting in hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces are employed. In addition, modification with undecylenic acid is performed on as‐prepared and thermally hydrocarbonized porous silicon surfaces. Stability and sensing capabilities of the modified samples are examined by subjecting them to different concentrations of methylamine and trimethylamine vapors. Vapor induced changes in the reflectance spectra are used for evaluating sensitivity and stability. Sensitivity towards ethanol vapor is also measured in order to compare the sensitivity to a normal organic solvent. The results show that the two carbonization treatments and the undecylenic acid functionalization of the hydrocarbonized surface result in greatly improved stability. In contrast, derivatization of as‐prepared porous silicon with undecylenic acid does not protect the surface sufficiently against oxidation under the highly basic conditions produced by the amine vapors. Surface chemistry is also shown to have a large effect on sensitivity towards the examined vapors. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to assess changes in elemental composition of sample surface. The results suggest that thermally promoted addition of undecylenic acid on hydrocarbonized porous silicon is an effective method for producing highly stable optical structures with a carboxyl group functionalization.
Chirality of Metal Nanoparticles in Chiral Mesoporous Silica
Authors: Xie Junjie , Duan Yingying , Che Shunai
Published: May 2012

Chiroptical properties of pure inorganic material have been achieved by dispersing small amounts of achiral Ag nanoparticles into highly ordered chiral mesoporous silica. There are three types of chirality in chiral mesoporous silica: i) the helical hexagonal surface, ii) the helical pore orientation, and iii) the helical arrangement of aminopropyl groups on the surface of the mesopores, all of which impart plasmonic circular dichroism and have been investigated by introducing Ag nanoparticles into the as‐made, calcined and extracted chiral mesoporous silica, respectively. The three types of optical response originate from asymmetric plasmon‐plasmon interactions of achiral Ag nanoparticles in three types of chiral environments. Among the three sources of chirality, the helical pore orientation was considered to be predominantly responsible for the optical response owing to the high efficiency of nanoscale chirality. Interestingly, large Ag nanoparticles aggregation as a result of calcination still resulted in a strong optical activity, even the chiral mesostructure was destroyed completely. Rather than the pitch length, the length of helical channel was more effective for increasing the intensity of plasmonic circular dichroism due to longitudinal propagation of Ag nanoparticles along helical channel. Such novel chiral inorganic material will bring new opportunities in non‐linear optics, biosensors and chiral recognition.
The Electrochemical Flow Capacitor: A New Concept for Rapid Energy Storage and Recovery
Authors: Presser Volker , Dennison Christopher R. , Campos Jonathan , Knehr Kevin W. , Kumbur Emin C. , Gogotsi Yury
Published: May 2012

Availability of grid‐scale electric energy storage systems with response rates on the order of seconds plays a key role in wide implementation of renewable energy sources. Here, a new concept called the electrochemical flow capacitor (EFC) is presented. This new concept shares the major advantages of both supercapacitors and flow batteries, providing rapid charging/discharging while enabling the decoupling of the power and energy ratings. Like in supercapacitors, energy is stored in the electric double layer of charged carbon particles. A flowable carbon‐electrolyte mixture is employed as the active material for capacitive energy storage, and is handled in a similar fashion to flow or semi‐solid batteries (i.e., for charging/discharging, it is pumped into an electrochemical cell, and for storage, it is pumped into reservoirs). This study presents the proof‐of‐concept of this technology and reports initial EFC performance data obtained under static and intermittent flow operations.
Definition of a critical genetic interval related to kidney abnormalities in the Potocki–Lupski syndrome
Authors: Goh Elaine Suk‐Ying , Perez Irene C. , Canales Cesar P. , Ruiz Phillip , Agatep Ron , Yoon Grace , Chitayat David , Dror Yigal , Shago Mary , Goobie Sharan , Sgro Michael , Walz Katherina , Mendoza‐Londono Roberto
Published: May 2012

Potocki–Lupski syndrome is a genomic disorder caused by duplication of 17p11.2. It is characterized by failure to thrive, intellectual disability, hypotonia, and behavioral difficulties. Structural renal anomalies have been observed in <10% of affected individuals. We present detailed clinical and molecular data on six patients with Potocki–Lupski syndrome, two of whom had renal abnormalities, and investigate the prevalence of kidney abnormalities in the mouse model for the syndrome. In contrast to affected humans, the mouse model does not demonstrate a renal phenotype. Comparison of the duplicated segment in patients with Potocki–Lupski syndrome and the renal phenotype and the syntenic duplicated region in the mouse model allowed us to suggest a 0.285 Mb critical region, including the FLCN gene that may be important for development of renal abnormalities in patients with this duplication. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Miscibility study of chitosan/polyethylene glycol fumarate blends in dilute solutions
Authors: Doulabi Azadehsadat Hashemi , Mirzadeh Hamid , Imani Mohammad
Published: May 2012

Solution miscibility of chitosan/polyethylene glycol fumarate blends dissolved in acetate buffer solution was investigated in different blend compositions by viscosity, density, and refractive index measurement techniques at 30, 40, and 50°C. In order to quantify the miscibility of the polymer pair, degree of miscibility was studied by means of two criteria known as interaction parameters i.e., μ and α. On the basis of the sign convention involved in these criteria, these values revealed that the blend solution was miscible when the chitosan content was more than 80% (w/w) of the composition. The results were confirmed by density, and refractive index measurements. Furthermore, the results showed that the miscibility window of chitosan/polyethylene glycol fumarate blends was independent with respect to the changes in solution temperature. Therefore, these results suggested due to intermolecular hydrogen‐bonding interaction between amino and hydroxy groups of chitosan and hydroxy groups of polyethylene glycol fumarate which play an important role in the formation of miscible phase. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Layer double hydroxides for enhanced poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐co‐3‐hydroxyvalerate) crystallization
Authors: Dagnon Koffi L. , Robinson Clark , Chen Hua H. , Garrett David C. , Innocentini‐Mei Lucia H. , D'Souza Nandika A.
Published: May 2012

Enabling the widespread utilization of poly[(3‐hydroxybutyrate)‐co‐(3‐hydroxyvalerate)] (PHBV) is strongly associated with enhancing its crystallization kinetics. In this article, we utilize a highly surface active (one reactive group per nanometer square) anion exchanged layered‐double hydroxide (LDH) functionalized by stearic acid to probe the crystallization kinetics of PHBV. Our prior work has shown that the addition of LDH decreases the cold crystallization and induces a melt recrystallization peak in PHBV. Since the melt‐recrystallization temperature shifted to higher temperature and its corresponding enthalpy increased with increasing LDH loading, this article is focused on understanding the effect of LDH on kinetics and energetics of PHBV crystallization. Both Avrami and Lauritzen–Hoffman modeling are utilized to develop a comprehensive understanding of thermal history effects through differential scanning calorimetry and polarized optical microscopy measurements. Five concentrations by weight of LDH are used: 1, 3, 5, and 7%. The results show that the addition of LDH promoted both primary and secondary nucleation at low concentrations but additional LDH resulted in primary nucleation alone. The crystallization rate and activation energy show a significant increase, which is accompanied by a decrease in the nucleation constant, the surface energy and the work of chain folding for PHBV crystallization. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2013
Pressurized water pellets and supercritical nitrogen in injection molding
Authors: Cabrera Eusebio Duarte , Mulyana Rachmat , Castro Jose M. , Lee L. James , Min Yong
Published: May 2012

In this article, a novel approach to decrease cycle time without compromising part dimensional stability developed in our group is compared with the use of supercritical nitrogen in injection molding. In this new approach, water is pre‐pressurized into the polymer pellets containing water carrier particles such as activated carbon (AC), thus no molding equipment modifications are required. Because of its high porosity, AC can trap water inside the particle, thus improving water compatibility with hydrophobic polymers for less water loss during handling and in the barrel during injection molding. After mixing, the polymer with the water carrier, the pellets are batch pressurized with water at a controlled temperature and pressure. The water containing pellets are then fed into the hopper of the injection molding machine. Parts with similar densities were molded and mechanical properties and warpage for both processes compared. It was found that the warpage and mechanical properties of the method presented here are comparable with the use of supercritical nitrogen, which is used in microcellular injection molding. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Amphiphilic and biocompatible properties of poly (EA‐MAA)
Authors: Luo Xiadan , Zhu Aiping , Dai Sheng
Published: May 2012

The amphiphilic and biocompatible behaviors of Poly (acetate‐methylacrylic acid) Poly(EA‐MAA) were investigated in this study. The aggregation behavior of Poly(EA‐MAA) in aqueous media was investigated by steady‐state fluorescence spectroscopy and surface tensiometry. The critical aggregation concentration (cac) of Poly(EA‐MAA) was determined to be ∼0.03 mg/mL. Ultraviolet spectrum (UV) and fluorescence spectrum results indicated that there are interactions form between Poly(EA‐MAA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA). And β‐sheet can be changed into α‐helix of BSA in Poly(EA‐MAA) solution effectively revealed by Circular dichroism (CD), which is driven by the H‐bond and hydrophobic interactions. The good cell‐compatibility of Poly(EA‐MAA) makes it great potential in the biomedical fields. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Arctigenin Anti‐Tumor Activity in Bladder Cancer T24 Cell Line Through Induction of Cell‐Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis
Authors: Yang Shucai , Ma Jing , Xiao Jianbing , Lv Xiaohong , Li Xinlei , Yang Huike , Liu Ying , Feng Sijia , Zhang Yafang
Published: May 2012

Bladder cancer is the most common neoplasm in the urinary system. This study assesses arctigenin anti‐tumor activity in human bladder cancer T24 cells in vitro and the underlying molecular events. The flow cytometry analysis was used to detect cell‐cycle distribution and apoptosis. Western blotting was used to detect changes in protein expression. The data showed that arctigenin treatment reduced viability of bladder cancer T24 cells in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner after treatment with arctigenin (10, 20, 40, 80, and 100 μmol/L) for 24 hr and 48 hr. Arctigenin treatment clearly arrested tumor cells in the G1 phase of the cell cycle. Apoptosis was detected by hoechst stain and flow cytometry after Annexin‐V‐FITC/PI double staining. Early and late apoptotic cells were accounted for 2.32–7.01% and 3.07–7.35%, respectively. At the molecular level, arctigenin treatment decreased cyclin D1 expression, whereas CDK4 and CDK6 expression levels were unaffected. Moreover, arctigenin selectively altered the phosphorylation of members of the MAPK superfamily, decreasing phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and activated phosphorylation of p38 significantly in a dose‐dependent manner. These results suggest that arctigenin may inhibit cell viability and induce apoptosis by direct activation of the mitochondrial pathway, and the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway may play an important role in the anti‐tumor effect of arctigenin. The data from the current study demonstrate the usefulness of arctigenin in bladder cancer T24 cells, which should further be evaluated in vivo before translation into clinical trials for the chemoprevention of bladder cancer. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Inside Cover: Simple Ligand Effects Switch a Hydrogenase Mimic between H2 and O2 Activation (Chem. Asian J. 6/2012)
Authors: Kim Kyoungmok , Matsumoto Takahiro , Robertson Andrew , Nakai Hidetaka , Ogo Seiji
Published: May 2012

No Abstract
Predicting protein dynamic binding capacity from batch adsorption tests
Authors: Carta Giorgio
Published: May 2012

The dynamic binding capacity (DBC) and its dependence on residence time influence the design and productivity of adsorption columns used in protein capture applications. This paper offers a very simple approach to predict the DBC of an adsorption column based on a measurement of the equilibrium binding capacity (EBC) and of the time needed to achieve one‐half of the EBC in a batch adsorption test. The approach is based on a mass transfer kinetics model that assumes pore diffusion with a rectangular isotherm; however, the same approach is also shown to work for other systems where solute transport inside the particle occurs through other transport mechanisms.
NEIL1 Binding to DNA Containing 2′‐Fluorothymidine Glycol Stereoisomers and the Effect of Editing
Authors: Onizuka Kazumitsu , Yeo Jongchan , David Sheila S. , Beal Peter A.
Published: May 2012

Thymine glycol (Tg), one of the oxidized bases formed in DNA by reactive oxygen species, is repaired by the DNA glycosylases such as NEIL1, NTH1 and Endo III. In our recent studies, we showed that NEIL1's catalytic efficiency and lesion specificity are regulated by an RNA‐editing adenosine deamination reaction. In this study, we synthesized oligodeoxynucleotides containing 2′‐fluorothymidine glycol with either ribo or arabino configuration and investigated the binding of these modified DNAs with the unedited and edited forms of human NEIL1 along with E. coli Endo III. For the two forms of hNEIL1, binding affinities to FTg‐containing DNA were similar indicating that the editing effect is more subtle than to simply alter substrate affinity. While the NEIL1‐binding to FTg‐containing DNAs was largely insensitive to C5 and 2′ stereochemistry, a preference was observed for the FTg–G pair over the FTg–A pair. In addition, we found that optimal binding is observed with Endo III and duplex DNA with riboFTg(5S) paired with dG. The modified DNAs reported here will provide useful tools for further characterizing the interaction between DNA repair glycosylases and thymine glycol containing DNA.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Chromene Derivatives by Iminium Ion Catalysis
Authors: Rueping Magnus , Merino Estíbaliz , Sugiono Erli
Published: May 2012

The diarylprolinol TMS ether catalyzed enantioselective addition–acetalization cascade reaction of 1,3‐diketones with α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes provides access to biologically active hydroxychromenone derivatives. These chromenones can be converted into the corresponding lactones, oxadecalinones, and benzopyranes in good yields without loss of enantiomeric excess. The usefulness of this newly developed methodology was demonstrated in the synthesis of the core structure of a Δ9‐tetrahydrocannabinol analog.
A Mechanistic Study on the Nucleation and Growth of Au on Pd Seeds with a Cubic or Octahedral Shape
Authors: He Guannan , Zeng Jie , Jin Mingshang , Zhang Hui , Lu Ning , Wang Jinguo , Kim Moon J. , Xia Younan
Published: May 2012

This article reports a systematic study on the seed‐mediated growth of Pd–Au bimetallic nanocrystals with a variety of controlled morphologies. The key to the success of this synthesis is to manipulate the reaction kinetics by controlling a set of experimental parameters, which include the amount of ascorbic acid used as a reductant, the amount of HAuCl4 as a precursor to elemental Au, the reaction temperature, and the type of seeds employed. Starting from Pd nanocubes of 18 nm in edge length, Pd–Au bimetallic nanocrystals with a number of morphologies, which includes hybrid dimers, core–shell nanocubes with flat faces, and core–shell nanocubes with concave faces could all be obtained by simply speeding up the reduction of HAuCl4. The same synthesis and control could also be extended to seeds based on Pd octahedrons. For the first time, it was possible to generate Pd@Au core–shell nanocubes and octahedrons with concave faces. The Pd@Au core–shell nanocubes with concave faces exhibited enhanced activity in catalyzing the oxidization of ascorbic acid relative to their counterparts with flat faces or the cubic Pd seeds.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu2ZnGeSe4 Nanocrystals: Synthesis and Thermoelectric Properties.
Authors: Shavel Alexey , et al. et al.
Published: May 2012

The title nanocrystals with narrow size distributions are prepared by injecting a solution of SeO2 in octadecene into a mixture of CuCl, ZnO, GeCl4, hexadecylamine, n‐tetradecylphosphonic acid, and octadecene at 295 °C (5 min, rapid cooling).
ChemInform Abstract: Growth of Single‐Crystal Ca10(Pt4As8) (Fe1.8Pt0.2As2)5 Nanowhiskers with Superconductivity up to 33 K.
Authors: Wang Hua‐Bing , et al. et al.
Published: May 2012

The title nanowhiskers are prepared from mixtures of FeAs, Fe, Pt, and CaAs as a flux (h‐BN cell, Ta capsule, 380 MPa, followed by heating at 1000 °C for 72 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Superionic Phase Transition in Silver Chalcogenide Nanocrystals Realizing Optimized Thermoelectric Performance.
Authors: Xiao Chong , Xu Jie , Li Kun , Feng Jun , Yang Jinlong , Xie Yi
Published: May 2012

The thermoelectric properties of Ag2S, Ag2Se, and Ag4SeS nearly monodisperse nanocrystals are investigated across the semicondutor—superionic conductor transition.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Highly Crystalline In2Ge2O7(En) Hybrid Sub‐Nanowires with Ultraviolet Photoluminescence Emissions and Their Selective Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2 into Renewable Fuel.
Authors: Liu Qi , Zhou Yong , Ma Yue , Zou Zhigang
Published: May 2012

The new ultrathin title nanowires with general diameters of 2—3 nm and lengths up to hundreds of nanometers are solvothermally synthesized from GeO2 and In(OAc)3 in mixtures of H2O and en (autoclave, 180 °C, 24 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric [3 + 2] Annulation of Allenes with Maleimides Catalyzed by Dipeptide‐Derived Phosphines: Facile Creation of Functionalized Bicyclic Cyclopentenes Containing Two Tertiary Stereogenic Centers.
Authors: Zhao Qianyi , Han Xiaoyu , Wei Yin , Shi Min , Lu Yixin
Published: May 2012

A highly enantioselective synthesis of title compounds (III) and (V) is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Site‐ and Enantioselective Formation of Allene‐Bearing Tertiary or Quaternary Carbon Stereogenic Centers Through NHC—Cu‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution.
Authors: Jung Byunghyuck , Hoveyda Amir H.
Published: May 2012

The reactions of di‐ or trisubstituted allylic phosphates with allenylboronic ester (III) proceed with exclusive addition of the allenyl unit to give chiral SN2′ products.
ChemInform Abstract: E‐Factor Minimized Protocols for the Polystyryl‐BEMP Catalyzed Conjugate Additions of Various Nucleophiles to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Bonollo Simona , Lanari Daniela , Longo Julien M. , Vaccaro Luigi
Published: May 2012

Michael and hetero‐Michael addition of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur nucleophiles to α,β‐unsaturated carbonyl compounds (I) is carried out in the presence of the title catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalytic Version of Hypervalent Aryl‐λ3‐iodane‐induced Hofmann Rearrangement of Primary Carboxamides: Iodobenzene as an Organocatalyst and m‐Chloroperbenzoic Acid as a Terminal Oxidant.
Authors: Miyamoto Kazunori , Sakai Yuuta , Goda Shunsuke , Ochiai Masahito
Published: May 2012

The first catalytic version of a hypervalent aryl‐λ3‐iodane‐induced Hofmann rearrangement of primary carboxamides is developed (19 examples).
ChemInform Abstract: A Short and Faster Entree to N‐Oxides: Transition Metal Acetylacetonates Promoted Aerobic Oxidative Transformation of Tertiary Nitrogen Compounds to N‐Oxides.
Authors: Dongre Rajendra , Sheikh Javed , Ghugal Dinesh , Ali Parvez , Meshram Jyotsana , Ramteke D. S.
Published: May 2012

The system iPr‐CHO/O2 in the presence of catalytic amounts of Fe(acac)2 provides a simple, efficient and convenient method for the oxidation of tertiary nitrogen compounds to corresponding N‐oxides under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrostatic Immobilization of an Olefin Metathesis Pre‐Catalyst on Iron Oxide Magnetic Particles.
Authors: Byrnes Matthew J. , Hilton Andrew M. , Woodward Clint P. , Jackson William R. , Robinson Andrea J.
Published: May 2012

The quaternary ammonium Hoveyda—Grubbs olefin metathesis pre‐catalyst affecting the ring closing metathesis of diethyl diallylmalonate (I) is readily accessed in one step from second generation Grubbs catalyst and immobilized onto magnetically separable nanosized iron oxide particles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Single Cu(II) Catalyst for the Three‐Component Coupling of Diverse Nitrogen Sources with Aldehydes and Alkynes.
Authors: Meyet Courtney E. , Pierce Conor J. , Larsen Catharine H.
Published: May 2012

The copper salt promotes the three‐component coupling without the addition of ligand or base.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective α‐Tosyloxylation of Ketones Catalyzed by Spirobiindane Scaffold Based Chiral Iodoarenes.
Authors: Yu Jun , Cui Jian , Hou Xue‐Sen , Liu Shan‐Shan , Gao Wen‐Chao , Jiang Shan , Tian Jun , Zhang Chi
Published: May 2012

A series of enantiomerically pure spirobiindane is prepared and investigated as catalysts in the tosyloxylation reaction of ketone (I) using MCPBA as a stoichiometric oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Al(OTf)3: An Efficient Recyclable Catalyst for Direct Nucleophilic Substitution of the Hydroxy Group of Propargylic Alcohols with Carbon‐ and Heteroatom‐Centered Nucleophiles to Construct C—C, C—O, C—N and C—S Bonds.
Authors: Gohain Mukut , Marais Charlene , Bezuidenhoudt Barend C. B.
Published: May 2012

Independent of the nucleophile used, the reactions are finished within a few hours.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Dehydrogenative Cross‐Coupling of Polyfluoroarenes with Heteroatom‐Substituted Enones.
Authors: Chen Fei , Feng Zhang , He Chun‐Yang , Wang Hao‐Yang , Guo Yin‐long , Zhang Xingang
Published: May 2012

This reaction provides a rapid access to a wide range of α‐fluoroarylated enones, which are of interest in life science.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antioxidant Evaluation of Some New Pyrazolopyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Gouda Moustafa A.
Published: May 2012

A variety of new fused heterocycles containing pyrazolopyridine systems are synthesized starting from enamine (I).
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Catalyst‐Free Pseudo Five‐Component Domino Reactions in the Expedient Synthesis of 5‐Aroyl‐1,3‐diarylhexahydropyrimidines.
Authors: Muthusaravanan Sivasubramanian , Perumal Subbu , Almansour Abdulrahman I.
Published: May 2012

The reaction conditions are optimized, especially with respect to the stoichiometric ratio of the reactants.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Rearrangement of Spiro Cyclobutane Cyclic Aminals: Efficient Construction of Bicyclic Amidines.
Authors: Murai Kenichi , Komatsu Hideyuki , Nagao Ryu , Fujioka Hiromichi
Published: May 2012

Treatment of spirocyclic cyclobutane aminals like (III) with NBS or NCS allows a new and efficient access to bicyclic amidines and related compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Access to 1,4‐Benzodiazepin‐2‐ones via the Buchwald Reaction and Application to the Synthesis of Novel Heterocyclics.
Authors: Salome Christophe , Schmitt Martine , Bourguignon Jean‐Jacques
Published: May 2012

A two‐step sequence is presented for the synthesis of biologically interesting title compounds via Buchwald reaction of benzophenone or benzoyl azine derivatives with amides followed by cyclocondensation.
ChemInform Abstract: Palmaenones A and B, Two New Antimicrobial Chlorinated Cyclopentenones from Discomycete Lachnum palmae
Authors: Matsumoto Takunori , Hosoya Tsuyoshi , Tomoda Hiroshi , Shiro Motoo , Shigemori Hideyuki
Published: May 2012

isolation and structure elucidation
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrolysable Tannins Isolated from Syzygium aromaticum: Structure of a New C‐Glucosidic Ellagitannin and Spectral Features of Tannins with a Tergalloyl Group
Authors: Bao Li‐Ming , Eerdunbayaer Eerdunbayaer , Nozaki Akiko , Takahashi Eizo , Okamoto Keinosuke , Ito Hideyuki , Hatano Tsutomu
Published: May 2012

isolation and structure elucidation of novel tannin, aromatinin A (I)
ChemInform Abstract: Rare Earth Elements and Permanent Magnets (Invited)
Authors: Dent Peter C.
Published: May 2012

Review: 10 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: GaN Based Nanorods for Solid State Lighting
Authors: Li Shunfeng , Waag Andreas
Published: May 2012

Review: focus on GaN nanorod growth conditions and growth mechanisms; 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed Fluorination Reactions
Authors: Xu Tao , Liu Guosheng
Published: May 2012

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous versus Homogeneous Palladium Catalysts for Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Pagliaro Mario , Pandarus Valerica , Ciriminna Rosaria , Beland Francois , Cara Piera Demma
Published: May 2012

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium and Rhodium‐Catalyzed Carbonylation Reactions
Authors: Wu Xiao‐Feng , Neumann Helfried
Published: May 2012

Review: about 100 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Medicinal Chemistry of α‐Hydroxy‐β‐amino Acids
Authors: Ziora Zyta , Skwarczynski Mariusz , Kiso Yoshiaki
Published: May 2012

Review: 303 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 4‐(2‐Hydroxy‐and‐aminoaryl)‐1,2,3‐thia‐and‐selenadiazoles: Synthesis, Reactivity and Applications in Heterocyclic Chemistry
Authors: Androsov Dmitry A. , Petrov Mikhail L.
Published: May 2012

Review: 26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Green Sample Preparation Methods
Authors: Bendicho Carlos , Lavilla Isela , Pena Francisco , Costas Marta
Published: May 2012

Review: 187 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Property Relationships for Metal‐Free Organic Magnetic Materials
Authors: Lahti Paul M.
Published: May 2012

Review: 425 refs.
Pricing derivatives on graphics processing units using Monte Carlo simulation
Authors: Abbas‐Turki L.A. , Vialle S. , Lapeyre B. , Mercier P.
Published: May 2012

This paper is about using the existing Monte Carlo approach for pricing European and American contracts on a state‐of‐the‐art graphics processing unit (GPU) architecture. First, we adapt on a cluster of GPUs two different suitable paradigms of parallelizing random number generators, which were developed for CPU clusters. Because in financial applications, we request results within seconds of simulation, the sufficiently large computations should be implemented on a cluster of machines. Thus, we make the European contract comparison between CPUs and GPUs using from one up to 16 nodes of a CPU/GPU cluster. We show that using GPUs for European contracts reduces the execution time by ∼ 40 and diminishes the energy consumed by ∼ 50 during the simulation. In the second set of experiments, we investigate the benefits of using GPUs’ parallelization for pricing American options that require solving an optimal stopping problem and which we implement using the Longstaff and Schwartz regression method. The speedup result obtained for American options varies between two and 10 according to the number of generated paths, the dimensions, and the time discretization. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Ethylenediamine inducing growth of {100} facets exposed PbS nanosheets
Authors: Fang Zhen , Wang Qin , Wang Xiaoqing , Zhu Baichuan , Fan Fan , Wang Chenyan , Liu Xiaowang
Published: May 2012

A simple ethylenediamine‐assisted hydrothermal method was developed for the synthesis of sheet‐like PbS nanostructures. Studies show that ethylenediamine not only provides a weakly basic environment for the reaction system, but also acts as a capping reagent to control the growth habit of cubic PbS. A reasonable growth mechanism for the PbS nanosheet structure has been proposed on the basis of the experimental studies. The structure, morphology, and composition of the nanosheets have been characterized by X‐ray powder diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy, energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Coarse crystal layer growth and liquid entrapment study with gradient freeze technology
Authors: Jiang Xiaobin , Wang Jingkang , Hou Baohong
Published: May 2012

The coarse crystal layer growth and liquid entrapment processes were investigated with gradient freeze technology in this paper. The research system was hemihydrate phosphoric acid (H3PO4·0.5H2O) crystal‐phosphoric acid aqueous solution. The distribution coefficients of ions (Ca2+, Fe3+ and Na+) in this system were measured. The effect of supercooling degree gradient on layer growth and the effect layer growth rate on ions redistribution were studied. The result indicated that the layer growth rate increased with supercooling degree gradient as an exponential curve. The distribution coefficient tended to increase as an approximate ‘S’ curve when coarse crystal layer growth rate increased. The ‘three region’ theory was applied to explain this phenomenon. Each ion's diffusion parameter was obtained, which contributed to explain the separation differences between different ions. The work in this paper also indicated that layer crystallization was an effective separation technology for electronic grade phosphoric acid preparation.
Identification of novel transcription‐regulating genes expressed during murine molar development
Authors: Uchibe Kenta , Shimizu Hirohito , Yokoyama Shigetoshi , Kuboki Takuo , Asahara Hiroshi
Published: May 2012

Background: The mechanism of tooth development is a complex process regulated by numerous genes including transcription factors, growth factors, and other intra‐ and extracellular molecules. Especially, transcription factors play a central role in gene expression, regulating a wide spectrum of biological processes including organogenesis. Substantial evidence has been demonstrated by a number of studies using genetically engineered animal models. However, detailed molecular mechanisms of tooth development have not been completely elucidated, partially because numerous genes that play essential roles in tooth development remain unidentified. Results: In this study, we conducted an expression‐based screening using gene expression database and in situ hybridization assays. Based on the gene expression database “EMBRYS,” 207 out of 1,520 genes were expressed in the maxillary and/or mandibular processes and thus were selected for further analysis by section in situ hybridization. Among these candidates, 28 genes were newly identified as potential factors associated with tooth development by in situ hybridization assays with frontal sections of embryonic day 13.5 and 14.5 mouse embryos. The expression patterns were also examined at embryonic day 16.5 and 18.5. Conclusions: These results will contribute to elucidating the mechanisms of tooth development and to improving the technology for regeneration of tooth. Developmental Dynamics 241:1217–1226, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Regionally nested patterns of fish assemblages in floodplain lakes of the Magdalena river (Colombia)
Authors: Granado‐Lorencio Carlos , Serna Andrés Hernández , Carvajal Juan David , Jiménez‐Segura Luz Fernanda , Gulfo Alejandra , Alvarez Frank
Published: May 2012

We investigated if fish assemblages in neotropical floodplain lakes (cienagas) exhibit nestedness, and thus offer support to the managers of natural resources of the area for their decision making. The location was floodplain lakes of the middle section of the Magdalena river, Colombia. We applied the nested subset analysis for the series of 30 cienagas (27 connected to the main river and three isolated). All fish were identified taxonomically in the field and the matrix for presence–absence in all the lakes was used for the study of the pattern of nestedness. The most diverse order was Characiformes (20 species), followed by Siluriformes (19 species). Characidae and Loricaridae were the richest families. The species found in all the lakes studied were migratory species (17), and sedentary species (33). Two species (Caquetaia kraussii and Cyphocharax magdalenae) were widespread across the cienagas archipelago (100% of incidence). Nestedness analysis showed that the distribution of species over the spatial gradient studied (840 km) is significantly nested. The cienagas deemed the most hospitable were Simiti, El Llanito, and Canaletal. Roughly, 13 out of the 50 species caught show markedly idiosyncratic distributions. The resulting dataset showed a strong pattern of nestedness in the distribution of Magdalenese fishes, and differed significantly from random species assemblages. Out of all the measurements taken in the cienagas, only the size (area) and local richness are significantly related to the range of order of nested subset patterns (r=–0.59 and –0.90, respectively, at p < 0.01). Differential species extinction is suggested as the cause of a nested species assemblage, when the reorganized matrix of species occurring in habitat islands is correlated with the island area. Our results are consistent with this hypothesis.