bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of an Advanced Clinical Decision Support System on Clinical Decision-Making Skills in a Call Center Medication Therapy Management Pharmacy Setting: A Pilot Study
Authors: Bingham Jennifer M. , Michaud Veronique , Turgeon Jacques , Axon David R.
Published: November 2020

(1) Background: There is limited evidence related to the efficacy of advanced clinical decision support systems (CDSS) on the quantity of high-quality clinical recommendations in a pharmacy-related medication therapy management (MTM) setting. The study aimed to assess the effect of an advanced CDSS on the quantity of relevant clinical pharmacist recommendations in a call center MTM setting. (2) Methods: This pre-test/post-test with comparator group study compared clinical skills assessment scores between certified MTM pharmacists in March 2020. A Wilcoxon Signed Rank test assessed the difference between pre- and post-test scores in both groups. (3) Results: Of 20 participants, the majority were less than 40 years old (85%) with a Doctor of Pharmacy degree (90%). Nine were female. Intervention group participants had less than three years of experience as a pharmacist. The control group had less than three years (40%) or seven to ten years (40%) of experience. There was a significant increase in intervention group scores between pre- (median = 3.0, IQR = 3.0) and post-test segments (median = 6.5, IQR = 4.0, p = 0.02). There was no significant change between control group pre- and post-test segments (p = 0.48). (4) Conclusion: Pharmacist exposure to an advanced CDSS was associated with significantly increased quantity of relevant clinical recommendations in an MTM pharmacy setting.
Effects of Ozone Treatment on Microbial Status and the Contents of Selected Bioactive Compounds in Origanum majorana L. Plants
Authors: Matłok Natalia , Piechowiak Tomasz , Zardzewiały Miłosz , Gorzelany Józef , Balawejder Maciej
Published: November 2020

This study presents the effects of ozone treatment on microbial status and contents of selected bioactive compounds in marjoram plants. Origanum majorana L. is a widely used plant which in the course of production is affected by microbial infections. One of the ways to reduce microbial load involves application of a strong oxidant, such as ozone. In order to determine the effects of ozonation, a number of analyses were carried out including microbiological tests (aerobic colony count, yeast and mould count, and mesophilic lactic acid bacteria count) and chemical tests assessing total antioxidant potential, total polyphenols, and volatile fraction composition. Ultimately, the findings showed considerable (6-log) reduction in microbial load, with unchanged composition of headspace volatile compounds. Furthermore, the raw material obtained presented elevated the contents of the selected bioactive compounds. It was shown that the most beneficial effects are achieved when ozone treatment is applied at a rate of 1 ppm for a duration of 10 min.
A Scientometric Overview of Global Dinoflagellate Research
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Yure B. , Oliveira Cicero Diogo L. , Müller Marius N. , Santos Elizabeth P. , Dantas Danielli M. M. , Gálvez Alfredo O.
Published: November 2020

Understanding the evolution of scientific literature is a critical and necessary step for the development and strengthening of a research field. However, an overview of global dinoflagellate research remains unavailable. Herein, global dinoflagellate research output was analyzed based on a scientometric approach using the Scopus data archive. The basic characteristics and worldwide interactions of dinoflagellate research output were analyzed to determine the temporal evolution and new emerging trends. The results confirm that dinoflagellate research output, reflected in the number of publications, is a fast-growing area since the mid-1990s. In total, five research subareas emerged using a bibliometric keywords analysis: (1) “symbiosis with coral reefs”, (2) “phylogeny”, (3) “palynology”, (4) “harmful algal blooms” and (5) “nutrition strategies”. Dinoflagellate publications were modeled by fish production (both aquaculture and fisheries) and economic and social indexes. Finally, directions for future research are proposed and discussed. The presented scientometric analysis confirms that dinoflagellate research is an active and important area with focus on mitigating economic impacts, especially in regard to fish production.
Application of High-Resolution Radar Rain Data to the Predictive Analysis of Landslide Susceptibility under Climate Change in the Laonong Watershed, Taiwan
Authors: Tseng Chun-Wei , Song Cheng-En , Wang Su-Fen , Chen Yi-Chin , Tu Jien-Yi , Yang Ci-Jian , Chuang Chih-Wei
Published: November 2020

Extreme rainfall has caused severe road damage and landslide disasters in mountainous areas. Rainfall forecasting derived from remote sensing data has been widely adopted for disaster prevention and early warning as a trend in recent years. By integrating high-resolution radar rain data, for example, the QPESUMS (quantitative precipitation estimation and segregation using multiple sensors) system provides a great opportunity to establish the extreme climate-based landslide susceptibility model, which would be helpful in the prevention of hillslope disasters under climate change. QPESUMS was adopted to obtain spatio-temporal rainfall patterns, and further, multi-temporal landslide inventories (2003–2018) would integrate with other explanatory factors and therefore, we can establish the logistic regression method for prediction of landslide susceptibility sites in the Laonong River watershed, which was devastated by Typhoon Morakot in 2009. Simulations of landslide susceptibility under the critical rainfall (300, 600, and 900 mm) were designed to verify the model’s sensitivity. Due to the orographic effect, rainfall was concentrated at the low mountainous and middle elevation areas in the southern Laonong River watershed. Landslide change analysis indicates that the landslide ratio increased from 1.5% to 7.0% after Typhoon Morakot in 2009. Subsequently, the landslide ratio fluctuated between 3.5% and 4.5% after 2012, which indicates that the recovery of landslide areas is still in progress. The validation results showed that the calibrated model of 2005 is preferred in the general period, with an accuracy of 78%. For extreme rainfall typhoons, the calibrated model of 2009 would perform better (72%). This study presented that the integration of multi-temporal landslide inventories in a logistic regression model is capable of predicting rainfall-triggered landslide risk under climate change.
Tangle-Free Exploration with a Tethered Mobile Robot
Authors: Shapovalov Danylo , Pereira Guilherme A. S.
Published: November 2020

Exploration and remote sensing with mobile robots is a well known field of research, but current solutions cannot be directly applied for tethered robots. In some applications, tethers may be very important to provide power or allow communication with the robot. This paper presents an exploration algorithm that guarantees complete exploration of arbitrary environments within the length constraint of the tether, while keeping the tether tangle-free at all times. While we also propose a generalized algorithm that can be used with several exploration strategies, our implementation uses a modified frontier-based exploration approach, where the robot chooses its next goal in the frontier between explored and unexplored regions of the environment. The basic idea of the algorithm is to keep an estimate of the tether configuration, including length and homotopy, and decide the next robot path based on the difference between the current tether length and the shortest tether length at the next goal position. Our algorithm is provable correct and was tested and evaluated using both simulations and real-world experiments.
Erratum: Vázquez Loaiza, J.P., et al. Semantic Icons: A Sentiment Analysis as a Contribution to Sustainable Tourism. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4655
Authors: Vázquez Loaiza Juan Pablo , Pérez-Torres Antonio , Contreras Karol Marylin Díaz
Published: November 2020

The authors would like to make the following correction about the published paper [...]
Transport of Contamination under the Influence of Sea Level Rise in Coastal Heterogeneous Aquifer
Authors: Guo Qiaona , Zhang Yahui , Zhou Zhifang , Hu Zili
Published: November 2020

This paper provided for the first time an experimental study on the influence of sea level rise on transport of contamination in the heterogeneous unconfined aquifer of the coastal zone. The experiments were conducted using the tank, considering the difference between sea level and inland head 1 cm for Case 1 and 2 cm for Case 2. Observed data were validated using the numerical model, which matched well with the toe length of seawater wedge and the shape of the contaminant plume. The results showed that the observed and simulated values of Cl− concentration at the sampling points increased sharply at the initial time, and then they increased slowly and tended to be stable. The seawater wedge migrated inland with time under the effects of the hydraulic gradient toward the inland and the density difference between saltwater and freshwater. The steady state length of the 50% isoline of the seawater wedge was 167 cm in Case 2, which was larger than that of Case 1. The maximum area of plume in Case 2 was 0.13 m2, larger than that in Case 1, which indicated that the velocity of diffusion of the contaminant plume increased as the sea level increased. As the velocity of diffusion increased, the time for pollutant migration to the intersection between seawater and freshwater became shorter. The maximum area and vertical depth of pollutant plume were sensitive to the hydraulic conductivity, dispersivity, and contamination concentration. The infiltration depth and range of the contaminant plume in the heterogeneous aquifer were greater than those in the homogeneous aquifer of the actual beach.
Urban Ecosystem Services: A Review of the Knowledge Components and Evolution in the 2010s
Authors: Kang Wanmo , Chon Jinhyung , Kim GoWoon
Published: November 2020

In an effort to reconnect urban populations to the biosphere, which is an urgent task to ensure human sustainability, the concept of urban ecosystem services (UES) has recently garnered scholarly and political attention. With an aim to examine the emerging research trends and gaps in UES, we present an up-to-date, computer-based meta-analysis of UES from 2010 to 2019 by implementing a keyword co-occurrence network (KCN) approach. A total of 10,247 author keywords were selected and used to analyze undirected and weighted networks of these keywords. Specifically, power-law distribution fitting was performed to identify overall UES keyword trends, and clusters of keywords were examined to understand micro-level knowledge trends. The knowledge components and structures of UES literature exhibited scale-free network characteristics, which implies that the KCN of the UES throughout the 2010s was dominated by a small number of keywords such as “urbanization”, “land use and land cover”, “urban green space” and “green infrastructure”. Finally, our findings indicate that knowledge of stakeholder involvement and qualitative aspects of UES are not as refined as spatial UES approaches. The implications of these knowledge components and trends are discussed in the context of urban sustainability and policy planning.
Access and Use of Green Areas during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Green Infrastructure Management in the “New Normal”
Authors: Uchiyama Yuta , Kohsaka Ryo
Published: November 2020

This study aims to identify the influence of the socioeconomic attributes and environmental contexts of citizens’ residential areas on the access and use of green areas during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results can aid policymaking and facilitate the safe and unrestricted use of green areas during the pandemic. The access and use of green areas were analyzed using a survey conducted after the official COVID-19 emergency in Japan (16 April to 14 May, 2020). Visits to green areas during the pandemic have gained salience globally from multiple perspectives: health, planning, social justice, and equity. The results of this study demonstrated that socioeconomic factors influenced the frequency of visiting green areas. The factors further influenced the use of the three categories of green areas (parks, agricultural lands, and gardens). Environmental contexts, including the land use patterns in residential areas, also influenced the use of specific types of green areas. Thus, policies need to further facilitate visits to green areas by reflecting the socioeconomic attributes of residents and their households, including income, number of children, gender, and age, incorporating those who have less access and considering the spread of COVID-19 locally. Furthermore, policies for the use of specific green areas, including parks, agricultural lands, and gardens, need to take cognizance of the residents’ environmental contexts. Management of specific green areas, like agricultural lands, is required, and residents should be provided with opportunities to use these areas with measures to avoid infection.
A Study of the Simulation and Analysis of the Flow Field of Natural Convection for a Container House
Authors: Lin Hsin-Hung , Cheng Jui-Hung
Published: November 2020

Natural disasters, such as earthquakes, windstorms, and tsunamis, can occur all over the world, and disasters caused by human factors, such as civil wars, are also a source of major disturbance. The temporary rehousing of the population is a major problem when disasters occur. The installation of the combination house is time consuming, and tents cannot be used in the event of strong rain and wind; therefore, the container house is the most effective way of solving the rehousing problem. Natural ventilation is the main factor affecting the indoor air quality, thermal comfort, and health inside a container house, and solar radiation heat can also affect temperature changes inside. The air flow field inside a dwelling is very complex, and its flow mode is affected by inlet wind speed, inlet temperature, solar radiation heat, and the size of doors and windows, etc. In this paper, the influence of natural ventilation on the ventilation inside container houses is analyzed. Assuming that there is complex fluid motion in the activity space of the container house, it is not easy to use conventional methods to predict the flow rate. Based on the correlation analysis motion between the corresponding internal flow rates, the calculation and application method of flow is simplified from the results of the wind speed coefficient obtained previously. In addition, an analysis of flow characteristics in the container house is made; simulation analysis in the container house is made by carrying out the numerical analysis of several factors, including velocity field and temperature field. The variation state of the temperature of the environment and a numerical variation of the three-dimensional space are obtained by numerical calculation; the standard k-ε turbulence model is adopted to describe the turbulence phenomena of the fluid, and the mathematical model matched by B-spline surface is used for data analysis through the surface algorithm in order to deal with complex simulation data. The research results show that, regarding the influence of natural ventilation on container houses, the ideal relative position of openings includes the combination of asymmetric windows, followed by the central positioning of the door. The four-opening configurations, where better natural ventilation performance can be achieved, are located at different diagonal positions. The average flow velocity vector form, velocity amplitude, radiation temperature distribution, and the effect of the air volume coefficient of temperature change are analyzed. The research results show that the design of container houses can meet the requirements of air flow, such as the energy consumed by the thermal comfort space. Measurements taken over time and algorithms can also check the residents’ indoor natural ventilation and provide health care by the use of various sensors.
Women Farmers and Agricultural Innovation: Marital Status and Normative Expectations in Rural Ethiopia
Authors: Badstue Lone , Petesch Patti , Farnworth Cathy Rozel , Roeven Lara , Hailemariam Mahlet
Published: November 2020

Sustainable agricultural development depends on female and male smallholders being effective farmers. This includes the ability to access or control resources and make the best decisions possible agro-ecologically, economically, and socially. Traditionally, gendered studies on innovation practice focus on female- versus male-headed households. In this paper, we focus on married women in acknowledged male-headed households and women heading their own households to examine how marital status influences women’s capacity to innovate in their rural livelihoods. Using data from eight community case studies in Ethiopia, we used variable-oriented and contextualized case-oriented analysis to understand factors which promote or constrain women’s innovative capacities. We use Kabeer’s Resources–Agency–Achievements framework to structure our findings. Single women are more likely to own land and experience control over their production decisions and expenditures than married women, but engage in considerable struggle to obtain resources that should be theirs according to the law. Even when land is secured, customary norms often hamper women’s effective use of land and their ability to innovate. Still, some single women do succeed. Married women can innovate successfully provided they are in a collaborative relationship with their husbands. Finally, we find that gender-based violence limits women’s achievements. The article concludes with recommendations.
A Sustainable Evaluation Processes for Investments in the Transport Sector: A Combined Multi-Criteria and Cost–Benefit Analysis for a New Highway in Italy
Authors: Henke Ilaria , Cartenì Armando , Di Francesco Luigi
Published: November 2020

In the transport sector, a rational and shared planning process is commonly based on the comparison of different design alternatives through quantitative evaluations and stakeholders’ engagement. Among the most adopted evaluation methods, there are cost–benefit analysis (CBA) and multi-criteria analysis (MCA). Both these methods have strengths and weaknesses, which do not allow the conclusion that one technique is dominant over the other. Starting from these considerations, the aim of this paper is to propose a sustainable evaluation process for investments in the transport sector, based on the combined use of both CBA and MCA analysis and a stakeholders’ engagement. The proposed evaluation method was also applied to a real case study: the decision-making process for a new highway in a high naturalistic and touristic area in north of Italy. Furthermore, a “weighted criteria process definition” based on the Delphi method was also performed within a public engagement process. Research results show that the application of both the evaluation analyses (CBA and MCA) allows the selection of the most rational althernative from a sustainable, shared and technical point of view. Precisely, the estimations performed underline that the CBA analysis significantly underestimated the non-users’ benefits, while the opposite occurred for the MCA analysis. The incidence of the non-users’ benefits is only the 14% of the total for the CBA, while it reaches more than the 79% for the MCA. This result is very relevant underling how, for a decision-making processes aimed in comparing different design alternatives for which non-users impacts are expected as relevant against the users ones, the unique application of the most consolidated CBA analyses are not always adequate, while the joint use of the two evaluation methods ensures robust and rational choices for a sustainable development.
Knowledge Discovering on Graphene Green Technology by Text Mining in National R&D Projects in South Korea
Authors: Lee Ji Yeon , Kumari Richa , Jeong Jae Yun , Kim Tae-Hyun , Lee Byeong-Hee
Published: November 2020

This paper reviews the development of South Korea’s national research and development (R&D) in graphene technology, focusing on projects that have been classified as “green” technology. A total of 826 projects (USD 210 billion) from 2010 to 2019 were collected from the National Science and Technology Information Service (NTIS), which is full-cycle national R&D project management system in South Korea. Then we analyzed its R&D trend by conducting diverse text mining methods including frequency analysis, association rule mining, and topic modeling. The analysis suggests that the number of graphene green technology (GT) R&D projects and the research expenses will show a rising curve again in the incumbent government along with the implementation of the Korean New Deal policy, which integrates the Green New Deal and the Digital New Deal.
Agri-Food Export Competitiveness of the ASEAN Countries
Authors: Mizik Tamás , Szerletics Ákos , Jámbor Attila
Published: November 2020

Agri-food trade competitiveness analyses are relatively understudied in the empirical literature with many countries/regions missing. The novelty of this paper to analyze the agri-food export competitiveness patterns of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), thereby aiming to fill this gap in the literature. Our research questions include which countries and products are competitive in the ASEAN region in agri-food trade; whether raw materials or processed products are more competitive; whether regional or global agri-food trade is more competitive and how persistent competitiveness is in the long run. The paper is based on ASEAN–ASEAN and ASEAN–world agri-food trade flows from 2010 to 2018, thereby global and regional competitiveness patterns have become visible. Results suggest that Myanmar (18.88), Laos (8.21) and the Philippines (5.36) have the highest levels of agri-food trade competitiveness in the world market, while in regional markets, Laos (17.17), Cambodia (15.46) and Myanmar (12.39) were the most competitive. Both raw materials, as well as processed products, are generally competitive, and regional trade, in general, was more competitive than global trade for the majority of the countries. However, results suggest a generally decreasing trend in keeping these competitive positions, which is also supported by the duration tests. Survival chances of 98% at the beginning of the period fell to 0–25% by the end of the period, significant at all levels, suggesting that a generally fierce competition exists for ASEAN countries in global as well as regional agri-food trade.
Design for and from Recycling: A Circular Ecodesign Approach to Improve the Circular Economy
Authors: Martínez Leal Jorge , Pompidou Stéphane , Charbuillet Carole , Perry Nicolas
Published: November 2020

In the context of a circular economy, one can observe that (i) recycling chains are not adapted enough to the end-of-life products they have to process and that (ii) products are not sufficiently well designed either to integrate at best their target recycling chain. Therefore, a synergy between product designers and recycling-chains stakeholders is lacking, mainly due to their weak communication and the time-lag between the product design phase and its end-of-life treatment. Many Design for Recycling approaches coexist in the literature. However, to fully develop a circular economy, Design from Recycling also has to be taken into account. Thus Re-Cycling, a complete circular design approach, is proposed. First, a design for recycling methodology linking recyclability assessment to product design guidelines is proposed. Then, a design from recycling methodology is developed to assess the convenience of using secondary raw materials in the design phase. The recyclability of a smartphone and the convenience of using recycled materials in a new cycle are both analyzed to demonstrate our proposal. The Fairphone 2® and its treatment by the WEEE French takeback scheme are used as a case study.
Towards Heritage Community Assessment: Indicators Proposal for the Self-Evaluation in Faro Convention Network Process
Authors: Cerreta Maria , Giovene di Girasole Eleonora
Published: November 2020

The Faro Convention introduces an innovative concept of cultural heritage by recognising the importance of the community that is formed around the cultural asset to be enhanced. This concept is consistent with the New European Agenda for Culture, especially the European Year Cultural Heritage (EYCH) Initiative 9 “Heritage for all: citizen participation and social innovation”, that promotes a broader understanding of heritage, placing people and communities at the centre and involving them in making decisions about heritage valorisation. The cultural heritage acquires the meaning of common good and has been configured as “cultural commons”, expression of values shared by the heritage community and of the process activated to enhance it. In this perspective, the paper presents a proposal for the integration of the evaluation process identified by the Faro Convention, explaining the appropriate indicators useful for analysing the specificity of the valorisation processes and making them comparable. The methodological proposal was tested for the experience of the Friends of Molo San Vincenzo Heritage Community, activated in Naples, Italy.
DigiCraft: A Pedagogical Innovative Proposal for the Development of the Digital Competence in Vulnerable Children
Authors: Casillas-Martín Sonia , Cabezas-González Marcos , García-Valcárcel Muñoz-Repiso Ana
Published: November 2020

The integration of citizens in the society of information and knowledge is a pillar in social cohesiveness. The digital gap, a direct consequence of socioeconomic inequality among citizens enables e-exclusion, which is a new way of social exclusion that excludes people from different economic, social and economic backgrounds out of the society of information and knowledge. The aim of this paper is to present an educational programme lead by the Foundation Vodafone Spain with the assessment of educators and experts at university. The objective is focused on the development of the digital competence centred on vulnerable childhood. This program uses a method based on learning-by-doing and the “maker” movement. The majority of educators who have participated have underlined that children have improved their digital competence and also some transversal competencies and have defined it as an innovative and creative programme. DigiCraft contributes to the acquisition and development of digital competence from a social perspective. The proposal avoids discrimination of children depending on their sociable heterogeneous factors in their education.
Implications of Value Co-Creation in Green Hotels: The Moderating Effect of Trip Purpose and Generational Cohort
Authors: Moise Mihaela Simona , Gil-Saura Irene , Ruiz-Molina María-Eugenia
Published: November 2020

Recently, great interest in value co-creation has been revealed among both academics and practitioners in the hotel sector. However, few studies are analyzing the consequences of co-creation behavior from the customer perspective in “green” (environmentally-friendly) hotels. This study explores the relationships between value co-creation and guest trust, satisfaction, and loyalty in the context of green hotels. Moreover, the role of trip purpose and generational cohort as moderating variables in these relationships is tested. The data are collected through a personal survey from 309 Spanish hotel guests, and the partial least square structural equation model (PLS-SEM) is employed to test the research hypotheses. The results of this study reveal that guest participation in the hotel’s process of value co-creation positively affects guests’ trust, satisfaction, and loyalty. Additionally, both trust and satisfaction are positively linked with customer loyalty. The findings here also suggest that only customers’ age moderates some of the relationships considered (i.e., trust–loyalty and satisfaction–loyalty). To practice, this study provides managerial implications to help hoteliers use value co-creation to develop competitive strategies that will generate more value for tourists due to the positive effects of these strategies on tourist trust, satisfaction, and loyalty.
The DDX23 Negatively Regulates Translation and Replication of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus and Is Degraded by 3C Proteinase
Authors: Abdullah Sahibzada Waheed , Han Shichong , Wu Jin’en , Zhang Yun , Bai Manyuan , Jin Ye , Zhi Xiaoying , Guan Junyong , Sun Shiqi , Guo Huichen
Published: November 2020

DEAD-box helicase 23 (DDX23) is a host nuclear helicase, which is a part of the spliceosomal complex and involved in pre-mRNA splicing. To investigate whether DDX23, an internal ribosomal entry sites transacting factor (ITAF) affects foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) replication and translation through internal ribosome entry site (IRES)-dependent manner. For this, we utilized a pull-down assay, Western blotting, quantitative real-time PCR, confocal microscopy, overexpression and small interfering RNA knockdown, as well as the median tissue culture infective dose. Our findings showed that FMDV infection inhibited DDX23 expression and the overexpression of DDX23 reduced viral replication, however, CRISPR Cas9 knockout/small interfering RNA knockdown increased FMDV replication. FMDV IRES domain III and IV interacted with DDX23, whereas DDX23 interacted with FMDV 3C proteinase and significantly degraded. The enzymatic activity of FMDV 3C proteinase degraded DDX23, whereas FMDV degraded DDX23 via the lysosomal pathway. Additionally, IRES-driven translation was suppressed in DDX23-overexpressing cells, and was enhanced in DDX23 knocked down. Collectively, our results demonstrated that DDX23 negatively affects FMDV IRES-dependent translation, which could be a useful target for the design of antiviral drugs.
The Absence of Yellow Fever in Asia: History, Hypotheses, Vector Dispersal, Possibility of YF in Asia, and Other Enigmas
Authors: Kuno Goro
Published: November 2020

Since the recent epidemics of yellow fever in Angola and Brazil as well as the importation of cases to China in 2016, there has been an increased interest in the century-old enigma, absence of yellow fever in Asia. Although this topic has been repeatedly reviewed before, the history of human intervention has never been considered a critical factor. A two-stage literature search online for this review, however, yielded a rich history indispensable for the debate over this medical enigma. As we combat the pandemic of COVID-19 coronavirus worldwide today, we can learn invaluable lessons from the historical events in Asia. In this review, I explore the history first and then critically examine in depth major hypotheses proposed in light of accumulated data, global dispersal of the principal vector, patterns of YF transmission, persistence of urban transmission, and the possibility of YF in Asia. Through this process of re-examination of the current knowledge, the subjects for research that should be conducted are identified. This review also reveals the importance of holistic approach incorporating ecological and human factors for many unresolved subjects, such as the enigma of YF absence in Asia, vector competence, vector dispersal, spillback, viral persistence and transmission mechanisms.
Modelling of Groundwater–Surface Water Interaction Applying the Hyporheic Flux Model
Authors: Diaz Manuel , Sinicyn Grzegorz , Grodzka-Łukaszewska Maria
Published: November 2020

The objective of the present paper is to develop a methodology that could allow the representation of the analytical hyporheic flux equation model (AHF) in a numerical model done in MODFLOW. Therefore, the scope of the research is to show the viability of the methodology suggested in a real case (Biebrza river, Poland, Europe). Considering that the model requires extensive manipulation in the creation of the packages, a test phase through the seepage package of MODFLOW is carried out with the aim of representing the river package of MODFLOW. FloPy is the tool chosen to develop this implementation due to the versatility of manipulating the packages available in MODFLOW through coding. The obtained results showed a correct implementation of the AHF model using the example of the Biebrza River. The results obtained will enable a better understanding regarding the modelling of the interaction between the river and the aquifer, considering streams with specific geometries where the depth is dimensionally higher than the width.
Groundwater Isotopes in the Sonoyta River Watershed, USA-Mexico: Implications for Recharge Sources and Management of the Quitobaquito Springs
Authors: Zamora Hector A. , Eastoe Christopher J. , Wilder Benjamin T. , McIntosh Jennifer C. , Meixner Thomas , Flessa Karl W.
Published: November 2020

Groundwater resources in the southwestern United States are finite and riparian and wetland areas are vulnerable to aquifer overdraft and unregulated groundwater use. Environmental isotopes and water chemistry were used to distinguish water types, recharge mechanisms, and residence time along several reaches of the Sonoyta River and Quitobaquito Springs located near the U.S.-Mexico border. Areas located upgradient from the Sonoyta River, such as the Puerto Blanco Mountains and La Abra Plain, are supported by local recharge which corresponds to water from the largest 30% of rain events mainly occurring during winter. For Quitobaquito Springs, the δ18O and δ2H values are too low to be derived from local recharge. Stable isotope data and Cl/SO4 mass ratios indicate that the Sonoyta River supplied Quitobaquito Springs through flow along a suggested fault system. Based on these results, Quitobaquito Springs flow could be diminished by any activity resulting in increased groundwater extraction and lowering of water elevations in the Sonoyta River regional aquifer.
Aportes de las ciencias del lenguaje para la consideración de la calidad en educación y su evaluación
Authors: Costa Marta Elena
Published: November 2020

Ha aumentado en la región la circulación de pruebas objetivas utilizadas en programas de evaluación de la calidad, en exámenes de acreditación o admisión y en diversos estudios diagnósticos. En este trabajo se consideran las concepciones de ‘calidad’ y de ‘evaluación de la calidad’ que subyacen en los programas del primer tipo y se analizan algunas posturas alternativas. Desde una perspectiva que integra las ciencias del lenguaje, se plantean -en particular con referencia a las pruebas de lengua y, dentro de ellas, a las de lectura- aportes para la consideración de la diversidad lingüística, cultural y cognoscitiva de las poblaciones y de los sujetos evaluados. Se reconoce la utilidad del empleo de pruebas estandarizadas, del tipo denominado objetivo, cuando se trata de poblaciones numerosas, y por otra parte se analizan desde la perspectiva señalada los aspectos considerados críticos, tanto por los modelos a los que responden como por las limitaciones que de hecho plantean.
La distribución social de responsabilidades y actuaciones en el desarrollo futuro de la educación en América Latina
Authors: Romero Lozano Simón
Published: November 2020

En este trabajo el autor realiza una propuesta prospectiva en torno a la distribución social de responsabilidades en el futuro de la educación. El análisis parte de la base de que, si se tiene en cuenta la enorme diversidad de tareas y requerimientos, la distribución social de atribuciones y actuaciones no podrá ser asumida en exclusiva por el Estado. Las corrientes neoliberales postulan una disminución del tamaño del Estado, pero esto no puede entenderse como una superposición del mismo sobre la sociedad civil. Por el contrario, ambos ámbitos deben afrontar conjuntamente un doble desafío, que incluye la atención de necesidades básicas y la mejora en la calidad de la educación. Delimitando fronteras de actuación, Estado y sociedad civil podrán abordar con garantías los requerimientos vinculados al futuro desarrollo tecnológico.

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Principales tendencias y modelos de la educación ambiental en el sistema escolar
Authors: González Muñoz María del Carmen
Published: November 2020

La finalidad de este trabajo es presentar los orígenes y planteamientos básicos con que surgió y ha ido desarrollándose la Educación Ambiental, su conceptualización actual y las características con que se configura en el sistema educativo. Se analizan también las condiciones necesarias para que esta Educación pueda integrarse en la escuela y en las diferentes etapas educativas y los modelos con que tal integración se ha producido y se está produciendo en los distintos países.

Estudio especial merece la opción sobre cuya mayor pertinencia parece existir amplio consenso: la «ambientalización»  del currículo y la transversalidad, analizándose las características de un diseño curricular de esta índole.
Educación, medio ambiente y desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Guillén Fedro Carlos
Published: November 2020

El hombre del fin del milenio ha adquirido paulatinamente conciencia de que una época termina y por tanto se plantea dos opciones inequívocas: por un lado, continuar con modelos de desarrollo en los que los procesos económicos prevalecen y marcan las líneas de explotación de los recursos y los hábitos de consumo, o -en necesario contraste-, entender que si alguna dictadura debe existir en el próximo siglo es la ambiental -considerada como una dimensión que trasciende su contexto ecológico e integra ámbitos que tradicionalmente se han fragmentado, como lo político, lo social y lo económico. La crisis global y sus saldos de miseria y devastación debe ser entendida como una oportunidad para transitar hacia otro modelo de relación entre los hombres y su ambiente.
La etnoeducación: una dimensión de trabajo para la educación en comunidades indígenas de Colombia
Authors: Artunduaga Luis Alberto
Published: November 2020

La presentación de esta exposición temática parte de las experiencias personales y comunitarias en relación con el trabajo educativo en comunidades de grupos étnicos de Colombia. Tiene como fundamento la reflexión permanente respecto a los fenómenos y situaciones que se suscitan en el cotidiano accionar del trabajo educativo.
La participación del alumnado en los institutos de educación secundaria: una aproximación a su realidad
Authors: Velázquez Buendía Roberto
Published: November 2020

A lo largo de los últimos años, el discurso sobre la importancia de la participación de los diferentes sectores de la comunidad educativa en el funcionamiento de las instituciones escolares ha ido ganando fuerza, tanto desde el punto de vista normativo como desde la perspectiva del análisis teórico y axiológico.

En el marco de renovación y de profundos cambios en que se halla inmerso actualmente el sistema educativo en España —cambios que comenzaron hace más de una década y que, según las previsiones, se extenderán hasta el final del presente siglo—, la ley orgánica que regula el Derecho a la Educación (L.O.D.E., 1985) ha supuesto una nueva forma de concebir la organización y gestión de centros docentes, confiriendo a los diversos sectores de la comunidad educativa la capacidad y el derecho de intervenir en muchos e importantes aspectos de la vida cotidiana de la institución escolar.
La educación ambiental: una estrategia flexible, un proceso y unos propósitos en permanente construcción. La experiencia de Colombia
Authors: Torres Carrasco Maritza
Published: November 2020

Para el Programa Nacional de Educación Ambiental del Ministerio de Educación Nacional, es muy importante presentar los elementos fundamentales de contextualización de su propuesta educativa, en razón al trabajo investigativo que ha acompañado la mencionada propuesta y al propósito de formular estrategias que correspondan a dinámicas regionales y/o locales, pues es esto último lo que permite la apropiación de los procesos y de los proyectos por parte de las comunidades que participan en ellos. Vale la pena, en primera estancia, señalar algunos aspectos que desde los ámbitos internacional y nacional ubican la mencionada propuesta.
Capacitación de maestros de educación media
Authors: Domínguez Ana Celia
Published: November 2020

El Proyecto Protección del Medio Ambiente es la unidad organizativa que operativiza el Convenio de Cooperación entre los gobiernos de El Salvador y de los Estados Unidos. Está constituido por tres componentes: Política y Legislación Ambiental, Demostración de Beneficios mediante el establecimiento de un área demostrativa, y Componente de Educación Ambiental. La interacción de los tres es considerada por el Proyecto como una «triangulación»efectiva para impulsar el desarrollo sostenible del país.
Diversidad cultural y educación en Iberoamérica
Authors: Díaz-Couder Ernesto
Published: November 2020

Cuando se trata de formular un perfil de los pueblos amerindios, las más de las veces el retrato resultante es el de la carencia; carencia de recursos económicos y materiales, carencia de condiciones de higiene y sanitarias adecuadas, carencia de educación (y por tanto deficitarios culturalmente), e incluso carencia idiomática («ni siquiera hablan español» o «lo que hablan no es un idioma, es un dialecto»). De este modo la carencia aparece como uno de los rasgos principales de la indianidad.

Aparece así una ecuación que se repite constantemente: pueblos indígenas=pueblos indigentes. De ahí que atender la especificidad cultural de los pueblos indígenas se transforme en combate a su pobreza. Ser «indio» es ser pobre; al dejar de ser pobre se deja de ser «indio», e igualmente dejar de ser «indio» es un indicador de que se está dejando de ser pobre. Así, en función de esa insostenible ecuación ideológica, la indispensable lucha contra la pobreza se convierte en una legítima justificación para acabar con las culturas indígenas.
Reformas educativas e interculturalidad en América Latina
Authors: Moya Ruth
Published: November 2020

Los avances normativos y jurídicos, en la mayoría de los casos, son resultado del desarrollo social y de las formas de convivencia democrática. Muchos de los cambios jurídicos en nuestros países han sido fruto de las demandas y de las iniciativas de los movimientos étnicos y de la movilización de la sociedad civil en general. También la sociedad política latinoamericana parece haber asumido importantes retos. Sin embargo, no siempre los desarrollos conceptuales, jurídicos, técnicos y otros tienen una correspondencia exacta con la realidad. Son más bien una especie de referente al que es preciso arribar para lograr las metas de calidad, eficiencia, equidad, democracia y reconocimiento de la diversidad, principios que parecen inspirar a los movimientos de reforma educativa en América Latina.
El papel de la educación ante las transformaciones científico-tecnológicas
Authors: Gil Pérez Daniel
Published: November 2020

La discusión acerca del papel de la educación ante las transformaciones científico-tecnológicas aparece como una cuestión esencial para analizar los cambios educativos que se consideran necesarios hoy en la región… y en el resto de nuestro cada vez más globalizado planeta.Se trata de una discusión esencial, decimos, porque las transformaciones educativas son una exigencia, en buena medida, del actual desarrollo científico-tecnológico. Se trata, además, de una discusión urgente, pues el sistema educativo se caracteriza por una fuerte inercia que dificulta su adaptación a una realidad cambiante, y esa inercia puede resultar particularmente grave en un momento en el que las transformaciones científico-tecnológicas han adquirido una aceleración que está modificando profunda y permanentemente nuestras vidas (Ramonet, 1997).
Papel de la educación técnico-profesional en el mejoramiento de las capacidades de los trabajadores del sector moderno ante los procesos económicos actuales y los nuevos desarrollos tecnológicos
Authors: De Simone José A.
Published: November 2020

La década de los años 90, señalada como la Era de la Comunicación, está marcada por profundos cambios socio-culturales, económicos, políticos, ecológicos, científicos y tecnológicos. Por otro lado, hoy es casi un axioma universal el hecho que la socialización y la circulación de la información están en el centro de todo proceso de desarrollo.
El ciclo del malestar docente
Authors: Fierro Alfredo
Published: November 2020

En el análisis de la situación de las escuelas y del profesorado el "malestar de los docentes" ha pasado a constituir un lugar común. Apenas hace falta decir que la principal base de este malestar es ambiental, ligada a las circunstancias mismas de los enseñantes, a las presiones que recaen sobre ellos. Nunca como ahora habían estado sometidos a demandas tan intensas, complejas y, a veces, contradictorias por parte de la Administración, de los alumnos, de los padres, de la sociedad en general.
Aproximación a la educación infantil: características e implicaciones educativas
Authors: Vila Ignasi
Published: November 2020

En palabras del propio autor «…la educación infantil tiene tres actores: niños y niñas, familias y profesionales de la educación… La práctica en la educación infantil no se puede realizar al margen de la familia». Por ello, «la educación infantil (debe ser) una forma de apoyo social para (el mejoramiento de) las prácticas educativas familiares», teniendo en cuenta que «por si misma no elimina las diferencias socioculturales…, si bien ayuda a ello».

«La educación infantil… debe entenderse como un derecho —no como una obligación— que tiene toda la infancia a poder participar en situaciones educativas, distintas a la familiar, que sirvan para promover su desarrollo».

Estos son algunos de los principales elementos en los que se basa Ignasi Vila para sostener la tesis de que «… la naturaleza y las características de la educación infantil obligan a una práctica educativa innovadora, adaptada a los cambios sociales y, por tanto, fuente de cambios para el conjunto del sistema educativo».
Educação de infância em Portugal: perspectivas de desenvolvimento num quadro de posmodernidade
Authors: Vasconcelos Teresa
Published: November 2020

A situação actual e os últimos avanços da educação inicial em Portugal são abordados pela ex-Directora Geral de Educação Básica desse país, tendo em conta o contexto político no qual está a ter lugar. Esta perspectiva implica a consideração de factores tais como a igualdade de oportunidades, que trascende os condicionantes sociais das crianças atendidas e a equiparação de homens e mulheres nas responsabilidades respeito à atenção das mesmas.

O papel do Estado como garante da equidade e como agente subsidiário na prestação do serviço resulta básico na definição do conceito da «tutela pedagógica única» tratado neste trabalho, que, por outra parte, reflecte com lucidez os esforços de Portugal por colocar à educação inicial num lugar destacado de suas políticas de atenção à infância.
Reforma y desigualdad educativa en América Latina
Authors: Rivero José
Published: November 2020

Desde su dilatada y rica experiencia de comprometido observador de los procesos educativos en América Latina, José Rivero pone en evidencia una realidad que, aunque objeto de preocupaciones políticas, sociales y económicas, se revela con un abrumador y pertinaz componente de injusticia social que pone en entredicho la viabilidad de los proyectos de desarrollo de esas sociedades.

El análisis de los factores externos a los sistemas educativos que se encuentran en el origen de las desigualdades educativas; el papel que las reformas educativas de la última parte del siglo XX ha tenido en la búsqueda de la equidad; y los logros, insuficiencias y fracasos resultado de ese intento, son los elementos sobre los que se desarrolla esta esclarecedora lectura de la situación educativa latinoamericana.