bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Método del Punto Material Aplicado al Análisis de Fractura Frágil Dinámica Utilizando Campo de Fase
Authors: Estrada Carlos F.
Published: February 2025

En este trabajo se aplica el Método del Punto Material (MPM) para la simulación de fractura dinámica en medios elásticos utilizando el Método de Campo de Fase (PFM de su acrónimo en inglés). En la formulación implementada, las ecuaciones de movimiento y las ecuaciones que gobiernan el campo de fase se resuelven de forma independiente para cada campo discreto (utilizando un algoritmo predictor-corrector). Para la malla de fondo se utiliza una aproximación isogeométrica (NURBS) de diferentes órdenes de interpolación. La formulación permite tratar problemas con contacto y se implementó en un código explícito. Se analizan algunos problemas de propagación de grietas y se estudia la convergencia de los resultados para diferentes órdenes de interpolación.
Piezo-Flexo-Electricidad y Confinamiento Cuántico Modelado y Formulación del Problema de Condiciones Iniciales y de Borde
Authors: Barreto Juan C. , Mröginski Javier  L. , Meza Mario A.
Published: February 2025

La piezo-flexo-electricidad, es una propiedad que poseen los materiales aislantes (dieléctricos centro-simétricos), los cuales se polarizan cuando se los somete a un gradiente de deformación, y a un campo eléctrico simultáneamente, en la nano-escala. Desde esta perspectiva, y de manera análoga, respecto del caso micromecánico, podemos suponer que aparecerá una fuerza configuracional, que producirá una deformación residual, denominada piezo-flexo-eléctrica, idéntica a la que aparece en el experimento de Eshelby clásico, y que tendrá un efecto de confinamiento, este hecho ocurre físicamente, dando lugar a la aparición de una fluctuación mecano-cuántica (confinamiento cuántico), cero, uni, bi, o tridimensional, en el primer caso hablamos de puntos cuánticos. En el presente trabajo se formulan las ecuaciones constitutivas de la piezo-flexo-electricidad, sus ecuaciones de movimiento, se especifican las condiciones de resolubilidad del sistema piezo-flexo-eléctrico.
Método de Tau Aplicado a un Problema de Stefan a Dos Fases con Coeficientes Térmicos Variables
Authors: Bollati Julieta , Cao-Rial María Teresa , Natale María Fernanda , Semitiel José A. , Tarzia Domingo A.
Published: February 2025

Se considera un problema de Stefan a dos fases para un material semi-infinito con coeficientes térmicos variables, dependientes de una potencia de la temperatura. Mediante la transformación de similaridad, se obtiene un problema diferencial ordinario equivalente. Por un lado, se prueba la existencia y unicidad de solución, imponiendo una condición de Dirichlet en el borde fijo. Por otra parte, se obtienen soluciones aproximadas mediante el método de Tau, basado en la matriz operacional de las derivadas de los poliniomios de Chebyshev. Para el caso particular que surge cuando se consideran coeficientes térmicos constantes, se compara la solución exacta disponible en la literatura con las aproximaciones obtenidas con el fin de testear la exactitud del método de aproximación empleado.
Diseño de Estructuras Porosas para Regeneración Ósea a Partir de un Modelo de Aprendizaje Automático y Simulación Mecánica Computacional
Authors: Pedemonte Facundo A. , Cavaliere Miguel A. , Bosio Valeria
Published: February 2025

La incorporación reciente de la impresión 3D en los procesos de manufactura, ha revolucionado la medicina regenerativa en traumatología (MRT) al permitir la fabricación de implantes con estructuras porosas para promover la regeneración ósea (RO). Se han identificado dos características clave de estas estructuras: excelentes propiedades mecánicas y biocompatibilidad. Sin embargo, se han reportado resultados diversos a partir de la evaluación de variantes geométricas respecto a las características morfológicas óptimas para estimular la RO. Este trabajo propone una metodología novedosa para diseñar implantes óseos con estructuras optimizadas, mediante Aprendizaje Inteligente y Simulación Mecánica Computacional. A partir de una búsqueda bibliográfica se creó una base de datos de 100 estructuras porosas 3D con potencial comprobado para estimular la RO. A partir de ella se entrenó un Modelo Estadístico de Forma para capturar las características morfológicas de cada geometría y que el mismo modelo genere una librería de estructuras nuevas. Éstas se evaluaron mediante SMC, utilizando el Método de los Elementos Finitos y se seleccionaron las geometrías con mejor rendimiento mecánico para una posible respuesta biológica. Las estructuras optimizadas obtenidas abren un camino hacia la validación in vivo para la promoción de la RO, con potencial impacto en la MRT.
Assessment of ASTEC Thermal-Hydraulics against Plate Compact Steam Generator Experiments
Authors: Cazado Mauricio E. , Wang Shisheng , Gabrielli Fabrizio , Laborde Laurent , Zambaux Julie-Anne , Ammirabile Luca , Murat Onur , Sánchez-Espinoza Victor H.
Published: February 2025

Small Modular Reactors (SMRs) are receiving important attention due to the increasing demand for clean, reliable and cost-effective energy solutions. SMR designs incorporate compact features, inherent safety through passive cooling systems and lower core inventories compared to conventional power plants. Among the different components of SMRs compact steam generators play a key role since they are devoted to the heat transfer from the primary to the secondary circuit. The use of a plate-type steam generator in an integral SMR offers the potential advantage for high-power transfer in an extremely compact configuration. While the technology of plate heat exchanger is not new, its integration within SMRs, including its coupling with a passive secondary loop and condenser to ensure reliable cooling in accidental conditions, is innovative. Therefore, careful studies and tests are necessary to meet the nuclear safety standards. Considering this, the EU-funded ELSMOR (towards European Licensing of Small Modular Reactors) project (2019-2023) aimed to improve the European capacity in evaluating and developing novel SMRs. As part of ELSMOR, an extensive experimental campaign was performed at a facility operated by SIET (Società Informazioni Esperienze Termoidrauliche, Italy) to assess the Emergency Heat Removal System of an experimental SMR. The facility consisted of a natural circulation loop connected to a primary side by a plate-type Safety-Compact Steam Generator (S-CSG), transferring heat to a water pool using a vertical tube heat exchanger. To evaluate the validity and performance of the European reference severe accident code ASTEC (Accident Source Term Evaluation Code), developed by IRSN (France), for SMRs, an ASTEC representation of the natural circulation loop and the S-CGS of the SIET facility has been developed and assessed in the framework of a KIT, IRSN, and JRC collaboration. The results of the verification phase against key and representative experiments are presented and discussed. ASTEC v3.1 results show a satisfactory agreement against the experimental data.
Comparación de un Modelo de Canal Individual y Cálculo de DNB Utilizando los Códigos de Sistemas TRACE5 y RELAP5
Authors: Messiga Juan Pedro , Ugarte Ricardo
Published: February 2025

TRACE5 y RELAP5 son códigos de cálculo utilizados para el análisis del comportamiento termo-hidráulico de reactores nucleares. Si bien persiguen objetivos similares, los mismos presentan diferencias en las metodologías de cálculo, métodos numéricos, lógica de cálculo y las correlaciones utilizadas, además de sus componentes hidráulicos y las opciones de usuario. Uno de los fenómenos que estos códigos permiten calcular, y que son de importancia desde el punto de vista de la seguridad nuclear, es el apartamiento a la ebullición nucleada (DNB). En este trabajo se realizó el cálculo de la distancia a la ebullición nucleada y los perfiles de temperatura y presión para dos modelos independientes del mismo canal individual de una central nuclear PHWR en RELAP5 y TRACE5. Dado que en ambos cálculos se utiliza la misma geometría y condiciones de contorno, se espera que las diferencias estén asociadas a las diferentes metodologías de cálculo, opciones de usuario y, fundamentalmente, los métodos numéricos utilizados. El objetivo fue comparar la consistencia de los resultados obtenidos, verificar la capacidad de dichos códigos para reproducir la fenomenología termo-hidráulica en dicho canal y analizar el impacto que pueden tener las opciones de usuario de cada código.
Análisis de Reducción de Fragilidad en Estructuras de Alta Frecuencia Mediante el Uso de Amortiguadores de Líquido Sintonizado
Authors: Domizio Martín , Ambrosini Daniel
Published: February 2025

El uso de amortiguadores de líquido sintonizado se presenta como una alternativa atractiva para la reducción de la vulnerabilidad de estructuras civiles sometidas a la acción sísmica debido a su simpleza y practicidad en las etapas de fabricación, instalación y mantenimiento. Por otra parte, de manera reciente se ha realizado una propuesta de implementación, denominada Amortiguador de Líquido Sintonizado de Alta Frecuencia, que permite hacer que los dispositivos de control mencionados sean efectivos en estructuras de periodos bajos o dinámicamente rígidas. En el presente trabajo se evalúa de manera numérica la capacidad de este nuevo dispositivo para reducir la fragilidad de una estructura con frecuencia relativamente elevada mediante una serie de análisis sísmicos, demostrando la efectividad para controlar la respuesta dinámica de la estructura analizada.
Multiple TMDS Coupled with Viscous Dampers to Improve Acceleration Performance and Robustness of Buildings Subject to Wind-Induced Vibrations
Authors: Inaudi José A. , Duque Edwin P.
Published: February 2025

The performance of a novel configuration of multiple tuned mass damper (MTMD) proposed by the author for floor acceleration reduction of linear elastic buildings subjected to broad-band wind force excitation is studied. To improve efficiency and robustness under variations or uncertainties of main-structure dynamic parameters, three single degree of freedom mass dampers in parallel are tuned to different frequencies close to the natural frequency of the target mode of vibration of the main structure and the classical viscous damping elements that connect the TMDs to the main structure are replaced by dampers that connect the masses of the TMDs. This special coupling between parallel TMDs is called viscous-coupling multiple tuned mass dampers (VCMTMD). The effectiveness of the proposed technique is evaluated and compared with conventional TMD and uncoupled MTMD configurations for the same total mass of the TMDs. The reduction of root mean square acceleration and deformations of the main structural system subjected to broad-band excitation is analyzed and compared with those of a conventional optimal TMD and of a parallel MTMD without coupling. The VCMTMD outperforms both the conventional TMD and parallel MTMDs in terms of deformation and acceleration reduction of the structure with the proposed TMD viscous coupling. The VCMTMD shows high robustness to changes or uncertainties in main-structure parameters (mass or stiffness). The proposed TMD configuration can find practical applications in wind-induced acceleration reduction in high-rise buildings and vibration reduction in different structures subjected to broad-band loading.
Reubicación De Introductores Mayoristas De La Via Pública Del Canton La Libertad Añ0 2024
Authors: Romo Pezantes Gabriel David
Published: February 2025

La actividad de los introductores mayoristas en la vía pública ha generado una serie de desafíos interrelacionados que afectan el desarrollo urbano, económico y social de la localidad. Estas actividades, que proveen productos al mercado central y a los mercados particulares Feria Libre y Unidos Venceremos, están marcadas por prácticas informales que generan impactos negativos en varios niveles. Desde un enfoque socioeconómico, los mayoristas no cuentan con una estructura que regule sus actividades, lo que resulta en la evasión de impuestos municipales. Esto limita la capacidad financiera del municipio para implementar políticas de desarrollo y ordenamiento. Además, la carencia de una infraestructura adecuada para llevar a cabo estas actividades. agrava el problema, perpetuando prácticas informales que afectan tanto a los comerciantes formales como a los ciudadanos. La reubicación pretende tres escenarios nuevos, la recuperación del espacio, la seguridad y la salubridad.  Por lo tanto, es crucial desarrollar un plan de reubicación que no solo priorice el ordenamiento del espacio público, sino que le devuelva una imagen renovada a la ciudad, lo que implica niveles de seguridad colectiva. La metodología empleada se centrará en un enfoque mixto, combinando técnicas cualitativas y cuantitativas. Se realizarán encuestas y entrevistas a los introductores mayoristas y a autoridades locales para comprender las condiciones actuales y las percepciones sobre la reubicación.  Asimismo, se realizaron análisis geoespaciales para identificar las zonas más adecuadas para las nuevas ubicaciones. Los principales resultados esperados incluyen la identificación de las áreas de mayor viabilidad para la reubicación, la mejora en las condiciones de trabajo para los introductores y un impacto positivo en el orden del cantón.
Humanities and Normative Theory in the Study of Philanthropy: A Literature Review of Research from 1998–2023 and Beyond
Authors: Sulek Marty , Williams Andrew , Giannoutsou Julianna
Published: February 2025

The humanities and normative theory played a prominent role in creating the field of philanthropic studies. However, the leading outlets for research in this field now publish little scholarship from disciplines such as history, religious studies, philosophy, literature, and ethics—favoring instead disciplines from the social sciences, public policy, and managerial studies. Our review begins by documenting this phenomenon from 1998 to 2023 in Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly (NVSQ), Voluntas, Nonprofit Management & Leadership (NML), Journal of Civil Society (JoCS), and several similar publications. Subsequently, we show that vital humanities and normative theory research on philanthropy and civil society exists elsewhere in disconnected pockets across the academic landscape. These two findings demonstrate the need for a new academic forum to promote and connect humanities and normative theory research in philanthropic studies.
Hepatocentric Activity of Afsanteen (Artemisia Absinthium L) in Unani Medicine – An Appraisal
Authors: Ahmed Zaheer
Published: February 2025

Mother Nature has been endowed by Almighty with diverse flora and fauna for its optimum utilization by the mankind. Traditionally Afsanteen (Artemisia Absinthium L) has long been considered an effective remedy to improve appetite and to treat dyspeptic complaints. It is also used as a tonic, stomachic, anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anti- spasmodic, carminative, febrifuge and anthelmintic in Unani medicine. Of late due to global herbalization, biotechnologistsare evincing keen interest in the herbal drugs as around 75% of the global population still rely on non-conventional medicine due to their low cost, easy availability and above all sans adverse effects. Afsanteen is an aromatic and bitter shrubby plant which is native of Europe, also found in Kashmir up to 1500-2000 m altitude. It is rich in volatile essential oil and loaded with several phytochemical constituents. A strenuous attempt has been made to highlight the hepatocentric and other medicinal activities of Afsanteen as mentioned in Unani classics and its validation through various scientific studies.
Hansch Analysis of benzoxazole derivatives as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors
Authors: Singh Asheesh
Published: February 2025

A QSAR study on benzoxazole derivatives as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitory agents was performed with 14 (11 training + 3 test) compounds. Molecular modeling studies were performed using Chemoffice 6.0 supplied by cambridgesoft. The sketched structures were subjected to energy minimization and the lowest energy structure was used to calculate the physiochemical properties. The regression analysis was carried out using a computer program called VALSTAT. The best models were selected from the various statistically significant equations. The substitution on benzoxazole ring affected the 5- LOX inhibition. The introduction of nitro group on 5-position of benzoxazole clearly decreased the activity (2e < 2b). However, 5 chloro benzoxazoles 2c and 2d showed almost same activity compared to their 5-H congeners 2a and 2b. The electron donating groups, such as 5- methyl and 5-methoxy, increased the activity (2f > 2a, 2g > 2b, and 2k > 2a). This observation could be explained by the proposed affinity of 5-LOX iron to the ligands having the enhanced electron density as a result of the introduction of electron donating X and Y to the aromatic rings. The analysis resulted in QSAR equation, which suggests that, n=9, r=0.923, r2=0.852, adjusted squared multiple R=0.711, Standard error of estimate(s) = 0.192 & validated r2 (q2) =0.631. This study can help in rational drug design and synthesis of new selective 5-lipoxygenase inhibitor with predetermined affinity.
Editorial
Authors: Mansoori Ahamed Noor
Published: February 2025

There is no doubt that currently there is enormous gap existing between education and practice of pharmacy. Most of the academic institutions providing education in pharmacy are away from practice environment. The overall basis of pharmacy education is still extra biological synthesis, physicochemical studies, analysis, and manufacturing aspects of drug. It is a common feeling that the medical practitioner is better placed for pharmacists' job than the pharmacists themselves. The dispensing services are poor. The syllabus and duration of the two-year diploma course in pharmacy education in India is completely outdated and irrelevant in the present industry context. It is a heterogeneous mixture of clinical and industrial subjects. Since clinical subjects are there PCI comes into the picture and AICTE came in because of industrial orientation of pharmacy syllabus. Pharmacy as a nascent science developed like this in the last century. During 1940s and 50s, hospitals and industries were established in large numbers in India. Consequently, pharmacists and pharmaceutical chemists were required in huge numbers. Hence pharmacy education was developed in such a way to satisfy the requirement of industry and hospital. Short-term compounders and or D. Pharm. course to satisfy the needs of hospital and medical shops and B. Pharm. course for the industry were started. This is proved by the fact thatin the last few decades D. Pharm. holders are not employed by the industry and B. Pharm. holders are not in many numbers in hospitals or medical shops.
Development and Evaluation of Floating-Mucoadhesive Dipyridamole Tablet
Authors: Shivprasad M Birajdar
Published: February 2025

The present study was aimed towards development and evaluation of tablet as a floating- Mucoadhesive drug delivery system, which can provide sustained release of the model drug. The work also was aimed to study various parameters affecting the behavior of floatingmucoadhesive tablet in oral dosage form. Formulation of Gastro-Retentive Dosage Forms (GRDFs) containing suitable drug candidate which would remain in stomach and/or upper part of GIT for prolonged period of time thereby is maximizing the drug release at desired site within the time before GRDFs leave the stomach and or upper part of GIT. Dipyridamole is BCS class II drug having low solubility and high permeability. It is soluble at low pH but insoluble in high pH (i.e. alkaline ph of small intestine) its oral bioavailability is 37-66% & biological half life is also short (40 min). In this study the bioavailability of the dipyridamole increase by using various concentration of HPMC, Carbapol and Sodium bicarbonate for swelling, mucoadhesive and floating behavior respectively. Bioadhesive strength depends upon carbapol as concentration of polymer increases bioadhesive strength also increases. HPMC is water Swealable but Carbapol is hydrogel in nature it restricts movement of polymer and affect the swelling index.
Comprehensive Study on Medical Device Regulation in India, Japan and Europe
Authors: Mudaliar Manish
Published: February 2025

All devices carry a certain degree of risk and could cause problems in specific circumstances. Several medical device issues cannot be detected until extensive market experience is gained. As an example, an implantable device could fail in a manner that was not predictable at the time of implantation; the failure may reflect conditions unique to certain patients. For alternative devices, part failure can also be unpredictable or random. This current approach to device safety is to estimate the potential of a device changing into a hazard that could result in safety problems and harm. This estimate is commonly referred to as the risk assessment. The regulatory authority of various countries has their own standards for approval or disapproval of medical devices.
Heritable human genome editing in South Africa – time for a reality check
Authors: Ramsay M , Pepper M , De Vries J , Mahomed S , Flack-Davison E
Published: February 2025

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Pastabos dėl Švabės gimnazijos pastato statybos raidos
Authors: Eliyahu Magin
Published: February 2025

Kauno hebrajų gimnazija (Karaliaus Mindaugo pr. 11) laikoma pastatyta 1927 m., tačiau archyvinė medžiaga rodo, kad tais metais buvo baigta tik pusė pastato, o visiškai užbaigtas 1930-aisiais. Straipsnyje aprašyta gimnazijos ir jos pastato istorija bei gimnazijos reikšmė žydų kultūrai.
Kauno Šv. Kryžiaus parapijos ribos, demografinė ir ekonominė situacija 1918–1940 m.
Authors: Surmilavičius Dalius
Published: February 2025

Tyrimas skirtas nagrinėti Kauno Šv. Kryžiaus parapijos ekonominę, demografinę situaciją tarpukario laikotarpiu. Šv. Kryžiaus parapija buvo didžiausia Kauno mieste ir apėmė Šančių, Karmelitų, Petrašiūnų bei Pažaislio rajonus. Parapijai priklausė šešios bažnyčios – Šv. Kryžiaus, Šv. Arkangelo Mykolo, Švč. Jėzaus širdies, Švč. Kryžiaus Išaukštinimo, Šv. Vincento Pauliečio ir Aušros Vartų. Darbe aptariama parapijos demografinė situacija – gimimų, mirčių ir santuokų statistika bei jos kaita, atskleidžianti pokyčius politinių ir ekonominių krizių kontekste. Taip pat analizuojami tautiniai konfliktai tarp lietuvių ir lenkų, ypač dėl kalbos per mišias, kurie pasiekė kulminaciją 1923 m., bet vėliau buvo suvaldyti. Demografiniu požiūriu parapija buvo gausi, oficialiais duomenimis, 1927 m. turėjo per 14 tūkstančių parapijiečių, nors tikrasis skaičius galėjo būti ir didesnis. Ekonominė situacija nagrinėjama analizuojant pajamų ir išlaidų rodiklius ir parapijai pateiktus skundus, kurie padeda atskleisti parapijos ekonominę padėtį. Nors parapija turėjo nemažai pajamų iš nuomų, aukų ir dotacijų, dažnai veikė turėdama biudžeto deficitą dėl remonto darbų ir kitų išlaidų.
МЕЂУНАРОДНИ ТРГОВАЧКИ ТЕРМИНИ: INCOTERMS 2020
Authors: Медаковић Петра , Вујичић Зоран
Published: February 2025

Међународни трговачки термини или INCOTERMS правила су стандардизовани термини који дефинишу одговорности купца и продавца приликом испоруке робе на основу купопродајних уговора, односно, утврђују како се цијена и ризици распоређују међу уговорним странама, те се као такви редовно уврштавају у купопродајне уговоре широм свијета. INOCTERMS правила спадају у један од најзначајнијих међународних инструмената у том контексту, будући да се питања прелаза ризика и сношења трошкова регулишу потпуно независно од сложених правних питања као што су испорука робе или пренос својине. Донесена су од стране Међународне трговачке коморе у Паризу, те су предметом редовног ажурирања и усклађивања тренутним потребама привреде, од чега је посљедње издање правила INOCTERMS 2020. Према релевантним процјенама, данас се користе у преко 90% свих уговора о међународној купопродаји робе у свијету, у чему се огледа њихов велики практични значај.
,,ДИРЕКТОРИ У СЕНЦИ“ - АСПЕКТИ DE FACTO И DE JURE КОНТРОЛЕ ТРАНСНАЦИОНАЛНЕ КОМПАНИЈЕ
Authors: Љутић Ивана
Published: February 2025

У раду се разматра одговорност скривенихдиректора који делују ,,у сенци“ у транснационалној компанији(ТНК) у функцији њене ефективне правне контроле. У позицијидиректора ,,у сенци“ управо се може наћи компанија-мајка ТНКи њена управа у односу на филијално друштво ТНК и његову упра-ву. Пошавши од модела корпоративног управљања и система кон-троле у ТНК од ,,централизације до децентрализације“, ауторотвара бројна питања, повезана са фидуцијарним дужностимадиректора зависних друштава. Имајући у виду да је централиза-ција управљања у ТНК sine qua non њиховог обележја, најпре сеанализира матично друштво које у одређеном моделу управљањапостаје ,,директор у сенци“. С обзиром на правне особине ТНКкоје значајно опредељују њихову контролу, посебно се наглашавапоступање у складу са интересима компаније као целине, однос-но поступање свих чланица ТНК у складу са глобалном пословномполитиком групе. У закључним разматрањима свог рада аутор сезалаже за наметање дужности именованих директора директо-рима ,,у сенци“. Тиме би се испуниле претпоставке доброг корпо-ративног управљања и остварила правна контрола ТНК.
The use of veterinary police measures in the Russo-German Customs War (1892-1914): deliberate restriction of exports or forced necessity?
Authors: Kulakov Aleksei Aleksandrovich
Published: February 2025

The article is devoted to the use of veterinary and police measures during the Russo-German customs war (1892-1914). The trade agreement of 1894 significantly limited ability to arbitrarily increase customs duties, and therefore it became possible to influence export volumes only through the introduction of non-tariff restrictions. Such restrictions included veterinary measures. The German Empire, which was an epidemiologically more prosperous country than Russia, repeatedly resorted to their use, citing the risk of epizootics. At the same time, veterinary restrictions met the interests of the Junkers and could be used to extract economic benefits and limit competition from Russian agricultural products. The Tsarist government introduced veterinary and police measures only as a symmetrical response to unfriendly actions. The methodology this study is based on historicism. The historical and genetic method was used to assess the expansion of the practice of applying veterinary restrictions during the customs war. The systematic approach allowed us to comprehensively consider the problem of the application of veterinary measures and identify possible motives for their introduction. The method of source analysis was used to assess the value and significance of archival documents. The application of veterinary and police measures in the context of the customs war is non-studied topics in historiography, primarily due to its interdisciplinary nature. The author attempts to find out what caused the widespread use of veterinary measures by the German authorities: the desire to prevent the spread of epizootics or the desire to limit Russian exports and competition. The article pays considerable attention to the problems of organizing veterinary affairs in the Russian Empire in XIX-XX centuries; the issue of introducing veterinary restrictions on livestock, poultry and grain. In addition, the author presents excerpts from previously unpublished archival documents housed in the National Historical Archive of Belarus in Grodno.
Dynamics of Nodes: Adaptation of Interior Places in a Historic Waterfront Community for Sustainability
Authors:   Chulalongkorn University, Thailand, Laiprakobsup Thanapan , Laiprakobsup Narongpon ,   Kasetsart University, Thailand
Published: February 2025

This study aims to investigate environmental interiority and urban conditions which promote adaptations of nodes as foci of place in the historic, suburban waterfront community. Nodes, existing as strategic places as public activity settings, on the other hand, have been barely examined in terms of the dynamic transition of interior places among urbanisation. The study argues that nodal adaptations taking up dynamic development play crucial functional roles in sustaining a waterfront community in connection with the implementation of place resources and accessible opportunities of new transportation networks. Nodal adaptations lead to the emergence of new functions and place identity in the community. This study employs multiple case-study methods to examine adaptive nodes in suburban waterfront communities along Klong Om-Non in Nonthaburi Province, Thailand. The study finds that nodal adaptations can be categorised into communal, cultural, and commercial nodes. Roles, place resources, and potential accessibility to communities contribute to the variation of nodal adaptations. Nodal adaptations are associated with the novel meaning of Klong Om-Non’s communities from an agricultural base to a sanctuary for urbanites. Consequently, community development programmes need to consider how designing and programming nodes of place could integrate with environmental identity and modification, that is, meaningful to people in the community and prospective visitors. Understanding adaptive nodes as convivial interior places in communities and collaborating with sustainable creativity will contribute to the urban rehabilitation of historic communities.
Decrypting Interiority of Albert Camus' The Stranger Through Absurdist Architectural Symbolism
Authors:   University of Calabar, Nigeria, Agwu Peter Akongfeh , Ajimase Angela A. ,   University of Calabar, Nigeria, Adie Edward Ugbada ,   University of Calabar, Nigeria, Acha John Ogidi ,   University of Calabar, Nigeria
Published: February 2025

Since its publication in 1942, Camus' The Stranger (L'Étranger in French) has captivated readers and scholars alike, sparking a wealth of critical analysis and interpretation. However, the novel's minimalist descriptions of interior spaces have often been overlooked in academic discourses, making it a perennial subject of further scholarly inquiry. This study seeks to decrypt the interiority of this text by examining the absurdist architectural symbolism and dissecting the spatial elements embedded in its narrative. The aim is to unveil new layers of meaning in the protagonist's internal psyche and existential condition. Through close reading and thematic analysis of relevant passages, salient elements will be identified and examined for their evocative significance. Insights from existentialist philosophy, particularly Camus' (1942a) theories on the absurd, inform the interpretation of architectural motifs in the text. The analysis reveals that elements such as Meursault's apartment, the courtroom, and the prison serve as emblematic representations of existential themes of alienation, detachment, and the absurdity of human existence. The minimalist descriptions of these spaces underscore Meursault's emotional detachment and his struggle to find meaning in a seemingly indifferent world. The spatial isolation experienced by the protagonist mirrors the existential loneliness and societal alienation central to Camus' philosophy. The study highlights the relevance of architectural symbolism in conveying complex existential concepts.
Fragments Within Fragments: The Collective Negotiation of Exquisite Corpse Drawings
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Ardianta Defry Agatha , Yatmo Yandi Andri ,   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Atmodiwirjo Paramita ,   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

This paper argues for the critical role of collective drawings as a form of representation that highlights the open process. The open process of collective drawing involves actions performed by multiple actors and actions that are not limited to producing drawings together but also require the expression of ideas. Collective drawing encourages negotiations among fragments of the drawing, which opens up various possibilities of representations within the interiority discourse. Exquisite corpse drawings made by Surrealist artists occupy an influential position as drawings produced via an open process regulated by the internal mechanism, manifesting as a continuous act of drawing. This study on exquisite corpse drawings is conducted by dissecting the drawing fragments and examining how the head–torso–feet relationship is negotiated within them. The study reveals that layers of negotiation among fragments represent how the collective act of drawing works. This finding contributes to expanding the internal logic and system of a collective drawing process, allowing diverse interpretations and articulation of the representation works.
Interior Fragments
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Atmodiwirjo Paramita , Yatmo Yandi Andri ,   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: February 2025

The critical role of fragments in spatial discourse stems from the complex relationship between fragment and whole. The paradox of fragments offers a deeper understanding of how our architecture, interior, and urban systems are constructed by the presence of fragments and whole and, more importantly, by their interrelationship. Understanding fragments is more than just understanding them as independent spatial entities; it establishes knowledge of how fragments are constructed, connected, and negotiated. This issue of Interiority presents a collection of inquiries on fragments within various everyday interior contexts and representations, demonstrating the emergence of spatialities that celebrate interconnection possibilities beyond the independent parts. The articles in this issue present inquiries into fragments, demonstrating the role of fragments in constructing relationships, building narratives and layers of interconnections, and establishing deeper meanings in various interior phenomena and representational media.
Discovering Root Causal Genes with High Throughput Perturbations
Authors: Strobl Eric V , Gamazon Eric R
Published: February 2025

Root causal gene expression levels – or
root causal genes
for short – correspond to the initial changes to gene expression that generate patient symptoms as a downstream effect. Identifying root causal genes is critical towards developing treatments that modify disease near its onset, but no existing algorithms attempt to identify root causal genes from data. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data introduces challenges such as measurement error, high dimensionality and non-linearity that compromise accurate estimation of root causal effects even with state-of-the-art approaches. We therefore instead leverage Perturb-seq, or high throughput perturbations with single cell RNA-seq readout, to learn the causal order between the genes. We then transfer the causal order to bulk RNA-seq and identify root causal genes specific to a given patient for the first time using a novel statistic. Experiments demonstrate large improvements in performance. Applications to macular degeneration and multiple sclerosis also reveal root causal genes that lie on known pathogenic pathways, delineate patient subgroups and implicate a newly defined omnigenic root causal model.
Impact of liver-specific survival motor neuron (SMN) depletion on central nervous system and peripheral tissue pathology
Authors: de Almeida Monique Marylin Alves , De Repentigny Yves , Gagnon Sabrina , Sutton Emma R , Kothary Rashmi
Published: February 2025

Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an inherited neuromuscular disorder stemming from deletions or mutations in the Survival Motor Neuron 1 (
SMN1
) gene, leading to decreased levels of SMN protein, and subsequent motor neuron death and muscle atrophy. While traditionally viewed as a disorder predominantly affecting motor neurons, recent research suggests the involvement of various peripheral organs in SMA pathology. Notably, the liver has emerged as a significant focus due to the observed fatty liver phenotype and dysfunction in both SMA mouse models and SMA patients. Despite these findings, it remains unclear whether intrinsic depletion of SMN protein in the liver contributes to pathology in the peripheral or central nervous systems. To address this knowledge gap, we developed a mouse model with a liver-specific depletion of SMN by utilizing an
Alb-Cre
transgene together with one

Smn
2B

allele and one
Smn
exon 7 allele flanked by loxP sites. Initially, we evaluated phenotypic changes in these mice at postnatal day 19 (P19), a time when the severe model of SMA, the

Smn
2B/-

mice, typically exhibit many symptoms of the disease. Our findings indicate that liver-specific SMN depletion does not induce motor neuron death, neuromuscular pathology or muscle atrophy, characteristics typically observed in the
Smn
2B/-
mouse at P19. However, mild liver steatosis was observed at this time point, although no changes in liver function were detected. Notably, pancreatic alterations resembled that of

Smn
2B/-

mice, with a decrease in insulin-producing β-cells and an increase in glucagon-producing α-cells, accompanied by a reduction in blood glucose and an increase in plasma glucagon and glucagon-like peptide (GLP-1) levels. Moreover, these changes were transient, as P60 mice exhibited recovery of liver and pancreatic function. While the mosaic pattern of the Cre-mediated excision precludes definitive conclusions regarding the contribution of liver-specific SMN depletion to overall tissue pathology, our findings highlight an intricate connection between liver function and pancreatic abnormalities in SMA, adding a nuanced layer to our understanding of the disease’s complexities.
Aminergic and peptidergic modulation of Insulin-Producing Cells in Drosophila
Authors: Held Martina , Bisen Rituja S , Zandawala Meet , Chockley Alexander S , Balles Isabella S , Hilpert Selina , Liessem Sander , Cascino-Milani Federico , Ache Jan M
Published: February 2025

Insulin plays a critical role in maintaining metabolic homeostasis. Since metabolic demands are highly dynamic, insulin release needs to be constantly adjusted. These adjustments are mediated by different pathways, most prominently the blood glucose level, but also by feedforward signals from motor circuits and different neuromodulatory systems. Here, we analyze how neuromodulatory inputs control the activity of the main source of insulin in
Drosophila –
a population of Insulin-Producing Cells (IPCs) located in the brain. IPCs are functionally analogous to mammalian pancreatic beta cells, but their location makes them accessible for
in vivo
recordings in intact animals. We characterized functional inputs to IPCs using single-nucleus RNA sequencing analysis, anatomical receptor expression mapping, connectomics, and an optogenetics-based ‘intrinsic pharmacology’ approach. Our results show that the IPC population expresses a variety of receptors for neuromodulators and classical neurotransmitters. Interestingly, IPCs exhibit heterogeneous receptor profiles, suggesting that the IPC population can be modulated differentially. This is supported by electrophysiological recordings from IPCs, which we performed while activating different populations of modulatory neurons. Our analysis revealed that some modulatory inputs have heterogeneous effects on the IPC activity, such that they inhibit one subset of IPCs, while exciting another. Monitoring calcium activity across the IPC population uncovered that these heterogeneous responses occur simultaneously. Certain neuromodulatory populations shifted the IPC population activity towards an excited state, while others shifted it towards inhibition. Taken together, we provide a comprehensive, multi-level analysis of neuromodulation in the insulinergic system of
Drosophila
.
Cloud-to-Thing continuum-based sports monitoring system using machine learning and deep learning model
Authors: Alshardan Amal , Mahgoub Hany , Alahmari Saad , Alonazi Mohammed , Marzouk Radwa , Mohamed Abdullah
Published: February 2025

Sports monitoring and analysis have seen significant advancements by integrating cloud computing and continuum paradigms facilitated by machine learning and deep learning techniques. This study presents a novel approach for sports monitoring, specifically focusing on basketball, that seamlessly transitions from traditional cloud-based architectures to a continuum paradigm, enabling real-time analysis and insights into player performance and team dynamics. Leveraging machine learning and deep learning algorithms, our framework offers enhanced capabilities for player tracking, action recognition, and performance evaluation in various sports scenarios. The proposed Cloud-to-Thing continuum-based sports monitoring system utilizes advanced techniques such as Improved Mask R-CNN for pose estimation and a hybrid metaheuristic algorithm combined with a generative adversarial network (GAN) for classification. Our system significantly improves latency and accuracy, reducing latency to 5.1 ms and achieving an accuracy of 94.25%, which outperforms existing methods in the literature. These results highlight the system’s ability to provide real-time, precise, and scalable sports monitoring, enabling immediate feedback for time-sensitive applications. This research has significantly improved real-time sports event analysis, contributing to improved player performance evaluation, enhanced team strategies, and informed tactical adjustments.
Prediction of Static Voltage Stability in a Power System with Large-scale Electric Vehicles
Authors: Wang Jiahua , Wang Qilong , Ding Rui
Published: February 2025

This paper takes a classic 3-machine 11-bus system integrated with scaled and disorderly electric vehicles (EVs) as an example, and uses the power system analysis toolbox PSAT to analyze the static voltage stability of the system which appears limit-induced bifurcation (LIB) phenomenon before the saddle-node bifurcation (SNB). Large-scale disorderly charging of EVs will make the load parameter λLIB at the LIB point become smaller, and discharging of large-scale EVs can increase the λLIB. Local compensation capacitor groups dispersedly at the low voltage buses and various types of photovoltaic power plants installed on load region can, in some extent, increase the λLIB, and reduce the adverse effects caused by EVs charging. The support vector machine (SVM) algorithm is used to predict the LIB point in the 3-machine 11-bus system with scaled and disorderly EVs. After training, the SVM optimal model can fleetly and accurately predict the LIB point and is convenient for computing the system’s load margin index according to real-time charging power of EVs. The prediction method based on SVM is beneficial to improve the system static voltage stability, and suitable for on-line application.
Assessing Water Quality in Malawi: Contamination Sources, Public Health Impacts, and Sustainable Management Strategies
Authors: Mwale Memory , Biko Teema , Sesay Fatmata , Omar Omar Osman
Published: February 2025

This review investigates water quality issues in Malawi, revealing critical contamination sources such as industrial discharges, agricultural runoff, household waste, mining operations, and inadequate wastewater management. A systematic search was conducted across several databases, focusing on literature published from 2018 to 2024, encompassing peer-reviewed articles, reports, and government publications. Findings underscore significant public health risks associated with poor water quality, including waterborne diseases and long-term health effects. The study advocates for the implementation of a continuous water quality-monitoring framework, enhanced regulatory measures for wastewater discharge, and effective community education initiatives on sustainable water practices. The recommendations presented herein aim to inform policymakers, researchers, and local communities, guiding future research directions and practical solutions to mitigate water contamination and improve public health outcomes in Malawi.
Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Some Microorganisms Isolated from Packaged Food Samples
Authors: Israel OMOMOWO, Olawale , Kola ABDULKADIR, Arasim , Olunike OMOMOWO, Iyabo , Ayobami AMAO, John , Omotola OMOTOSO, Ifeoluwa
Published: February 2025

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the presence of microorganisms in packaged foods which are very popular among the elites, who may assume that these foods will be totally save, especially for their children; and determine the resistance pattern of microorganisms isolated from these selected packaged food samples.
Study Design:  The study employed an experimental study design.
Place and Duration of Study: Samples were collected between March and May, 2021 and the study spanned from January 2021 to April 2022. The research was carried out in the Microbiology Laboratory of Pure and Applied Biology Departement, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria.
Methodology: Isolation of microorganisms were done by standard microbiological methods. The abilities of bacteria isolates to produce biofilm were determined and quantified at 492 nm with HALOMPR-96 visible microplate reader. Bacteria and fungi isolates were tested for their sensitivity to antimicrobials with different antibacterial and antifungal disc and results compared with guidelines from Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI, 2018).  Selected bacteria and fungi isolates were characterized molecularly by 16S rRNA and ITS respectively.
Results: A total of 17 bacteria and 13 fungi isolated from sampled packaged food belonging to 6 bacteria genera and 4 fungi genera respectively were obtained. All bacteria isolates were either moderate or weak biofilm producers. A 100 % sensitivity to Gentamicin and Ofloxacin was observed among Gram positive bacteria. All fungi isolates were sensitive to one or more of the antifungal used. Molecular identity of selected bacteria and fungi isolates revealed their closest isolates from available isolates in GenBank.
Conclusion: Packaged foods are important source of microorganisms that can be of public health importance. Ingestion of contaminated food products can lead to food poisoning. The resistance of these microbes to antibiotics makes such a difficult situation to handle.
Hierokles Listesinde Anadolu Eparkhiaları ve Kentleri
Authors: Türk Mustafa
Published: February 2025

6. yüzyılda yaşadığı anlaşılan Hierokles’in hayatı hakkında pek fazla bilgimiz olmamakla birlikte, kaleme aldığı Synekdemos adlı eseri günümüze ulaşmıştır. Eser, Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu’nun eyalet yapılanmasını konu almaktadır. Söz konusu eserde Doğu Roma toprakları 64 Eparkhia’ya bölünmüş ve bu Eparkhia’lara bağlı olan kentler listelenmiştir. İçeriğiyle ilgili çeşitli tartışmalara rağmen Synekdemos, Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu’nun 395 yılından 7. yüzyılda askeri karakterli Thema siteminin kurulmasına kadarki eyalet düzeni hakkında en önemli kaynağımızdır. Bu nedenle çalışmamızda, Roma’nın Anadolu’daki eyalet düzenlemesinin ana hatları ve özellikle de bu yapılanmanın 6. yüzyılda Hierokles’in Synekdemos adlı eserine yansıyan biçimi incelenmektedir. Ortaya konulacak olan bilgiler, Geç Antikçağ’da Doğu Roma İmparatorluğu’nun idari sisteminin ve Anadolu’daki kent yoğunluğunun anlaşılması adına literatüre önemli katkılar sunacaktır.