bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heat‐conduction in a semi‐infinite fractal bar using advanced Yang‐Fourier transforms
Authors: Ali Mohd Farman , Katoch Nisha
Published: November 2022

The main objective of this article is to use local fractional calculus (Calculus of arbitrary order) and the analytical Advanced Yang‐Fourier transforms method to solve the one‐dimensional fractal heat‐conduction problem in a fractal semi‐infinite bar.
Exponential stability for a thermoelastic Bresse system: Theoretical and numerical study
Authors: Bouraoui Hamed Abderrahmane , Djebabla Abdelhak , El Arwadi Toufic , Haiour Mohamed
Published: November 2022

This study aims to investigate numerically and theoretically a thermoelastic Bresse system where the heat conduction given by the Green and Naghdi theories. Theoretically, we establish the existence and uniqueness of solutions as well as the exponential stability regardless of the system's parameters. Numerically, we present a finite element approximation, and we show the discrete energy decay. At the end, we provide some numerical results with an error estimate based on additional regularity of the solution.
Joint spectral quantification of MR spectroscopic imaging using linear tangent space alignment‐based manifold learning
Authors: Ma Chao , Han Paul Kyu , Zhuo Yue , Djebra Yanis , Marin Thibault , Fakhri Georges El
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To develop a manifold learning‐based method that leverages the intrinsic low‐dimensional structure of MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) signals for joint spectral quantification.

Methods

A linear tangent space alignment (LTSA) model was proposed to represent MRSI signals. In the proposed model, the signals of each metabolite were represented using a subspace model and the local coordinates of the subspaces were aligned to the global coordinates of the underlying low‐dimensional manifold via linear transform. With the basis functions of the subspaces predetermined via quantum mechanics simulations, the global coordinates and the matrices for the local‐to‐global coordinate alignment were estimated by fitting the proposed LTSA model to noisy MRSI data with a spatial smoothness constraint on the global coordinates and a sparsity constraint on the matrices.

Results

The performance of the proposed method was validated using numerical simulation data and in vivo proton‐MRSI experimental data acquired on healthy volunteers at 3T. The results of the proposed method were compared with the QUEST method and the subspace‐based method. In all the compared cases, the proposed method achieved superior performance over the QUEST and the subspace‐based methods both qualitatively in terms of noise and artifacts in the estimated metabolite concentration maps, and quantitatively in terms of spectral quantification accuracy measured by normalized root mean square errors.

Conclusion

Joint spectral quantification using linear tangent space alignment‐based manifold learning improves the accuracy of MRSI spectral quantification.
Lung parenchyma transverse relaxation rates at 0.55 T
Authors: Li Bochao , Lee Nam G. , Cui Sophia X. , Nayak Krishna S.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

To determine R2 and transverse relaxation rates in healthy lung parenchyma at 0.55 T. This is important in that it informs the design and optimization of new imaging methods for 0.55T lung MRI.

Methods

Experiments were performed in 3 healthy adult volunteers on a prototype whole‐body 0.55T MRI, using a custom free‐breathing electrocardiogram‐triggered, single‐slice echo‐shifted multi‐echo spin echo (ES‐MCSE) pulse sequence with respiratory navigation. Transverse relaxation rates R2 and and off‐resonance ∆f were jointly estimated using nonlinear least‐squares estimation. These measurements were compared against R2 estimates from T2‐prepared balanced SSFP (T2‐Prep bSSFP) and estimates from multi‐echo gradient echo, which are used widely but prone to error due to different subvoxel weighting.

Results

The mean R2 and values of lung parenchyma obtained from ES‐MCSE were 17.3 ± 0.7 Hz and 127.5 ± 16.4 Hz (T2 = 61.6 ± 1.7 ms;  = 9.5 ms ± 1.6 ms), respectively. The off‐resonance estimates ranged from −60 to 30 Hz. The R2 from T2‐Prep bSSFP was 15.7 ± 1.7 Hz (T2 = 68.6 ± 8.6 ms) and from multi‐echo gradient echo was 131.2 ± 30.4 Hz ( = 8.0 ± 2.5 ms). Paired t‐test indicated that there is a significant difference between the proposed and reference methods (p < 0.05). The mean R2 estimate from T2‐Prep bSSFP was slightly smaller than that from ES‐MCSE, whereas the mean and estimates from ES‐MCSE and multi‐echo gradient echo were similar to each other across all subjects.

Conclusions

Joint estimation of transverse relaxation rates and off‐resonance is feasible at 0.55 T with a free‐breathing electrocardiogram‐gated and navigator‐gated ES‐MCSE sequence. At 0.55 T, the mean R2 of 17.3 Hz is similar to the reported mean R2 of 16.7 Hz at 1.5 T, but the mean of 127.5 Hz is about 5–10 times smaller than that reported at 1.5 T.
Molybdenum disulfide of modified in situ as a nanofiller for enhanced mechanical properties and thermal properties of polypropylene composites
Authors: Dong Haipeng , Liu Minghui , Li Hongliang , Wu Jinhui , Wu Zenan , Zhu Baikang , Zhang Lu , Hengcong Tao
Published: November 2022

Few‐layer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was prepared by liquid phase exfoliation with in‐situ modification as a nanofiller for polypropylene (PP). Scanning and transmission electron microscopies (SEM, TEM) showed uniform dispersion and excellent adhesion of MoS2 within the PP matrix. When MoS2 was centrifuged at 1000 rpm, the mechanical properties of the composite were greatly improved by adding only 0.5 wt.% of MoS2. The yield strength, bending modulus, and impact strength increased by 2.3%, 8.9%, and 44.03%, respectively. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed that the enhanced mechanical properties of the composites were related to PP crystallographic transformation. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the incorporation of 2 wt.% MoS2 increased the maximum weight‐loss temperature of the composites by approximately 30°C. The mechanisms for increasing thermal stability have been thoroughly demonstrated by band energy analysis. MoS2 nanosheets have high aspect ratios and strong insulation with a change in band gap width compared to bulk MoS2, which is resulting in the stronger interactions at the MoS2/PP substrate interface. Furthermore, due to the outstanding carrier for rigid and thermally stable materials, MoS2 composites displayed excellent mechanical and thermal properties. In addition, unlike PP, the melt flow rate (MFR) of composite materials is more conducive to downstream product processing. This will further promote the application scope of MoS2/PP composites.
Ecological legacies of past fire and human activity in a Panamanian forest
Authors: McMichael Crystal N. H. , Vink Veerle , Heijink Britte M. , Witteveen Nina H. , Piperno Dolores R. , Gosling William D. , Bush Mark B.
Published: November 2022

Societal Impact Statement

Tropical forests provide global ecosystem services and harbor much of Earth's terrestrial biodiversity, but the mechanisms driving the patterns of biodiversity remain uncertain. Palms are one of the most abundant and most widely used plant groups, particularly in the Neotropics. Our data highlight how both direct and indirect human influence that occurred decades to hundreds of years ago can affect the abundances of palm species in modern tropical forests. Our results highlight that biodiversity is dynamic, and changes through time, and that human activities can affect species composition for centuries in tropical forests.

Human activities over the past decades and centuries, including fire, cultivation, and forest opening, may have left ecological legacies that persist in modern tropical forests, particularly among palms. We investigated whether past human activities affected modern palm abundances in a well‐studied plot located in a tropical semievergreen forest of Panama.

We analyzed soil cores for charcoal to reconstruct past fire events and phytoliths to reconstruct past vegetation changes. We dated as many charcoal fragments as possible to place a temporal framework on past fire events.

Our analysis documented widespread fires that occurred 600–900 years ago across the plot. Oenocarpus mapora increased in abundance as a result of these fires, though other palms did not. A subsequent increase in O. mapora occurred later in the relative absence of fire and was likely due to game hunting during the construction of the Panama Canal.

Our results showed that the enrichment of O. mapora was determined by disturbance characteristics (e.g., timing, type, and intensity), but the persistence of increased abundances was likely determined by traits (life history characteristics). These data highlight the complexity of human–environment interactions and how they can persist for centuries in settings with long‐lived trees such as tropical forests. These data highlight the importance of adding a historical context to further understand modern ecological patterns and processes.
Pulmonary hypertension in the primary care setting
Authors: Lua Stephanie , Church Colin
Published: November 2022

Pulmonary hypertension can be very difficult to identify and patients often experience a long delay before diagnosis. This article aims to raise awareness of pulmonary hypertension in the primary care setting, and discusses the role of the GP in diagnosis and management, with a focus on pulmonary arterial hypertension.
Vitamins and minerals: beware of ingredient duplication!
Authors: Thompson Angus
Published: November 2022

Some people take a plethora of vitamin and mineral supplements, leading to a risk of duplication of ingredients. A thorough medication history, including both over‐the‐counter and prescribed vitamin and mineral supplements, can help ensure patients are not consuming excessive doses and risking harm.
Density functional theory study of the enhancement of quantum capacitance of graphene by phosphorous doping
Authors: Rani Babita , Bubanja Vladimir , Jindal Vijay K.
Published: November 2022

Calculations based on density functional theory are performed to explore the effect of the phosphorus dopants and their oxygenation on the quantum capacitance of single‐ and double‐vacancy graphene in the voltage range from −1.5 to +1.5 V. It is found that these modified graphenes have improved quantum capacitance, and can store more charges compared to the pristine graphene. The findings can be used as a guidance for the rational design of P‐doped graphene as an electrode material of asymmetric supercapacitors with high energy density.
Feasibility of combining biosensor and ecological momentary assessment to measure stress experiences among economically disadvantaged adolescents
Authors: Murray Desiree W. , Ridenour Ty A. , Swingler Margaret M. , Morgan Anna , Hegarty‐Craver Meghan
Published: November 2022

Adolescent stress is complex and impairing. Novel measures are needed to understand stress variability within individuals over time from a physiological as well as a subjective perspective. To test the feasibility of combining ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and wearable biosensors to assess adolescent stress, using an idiographic approach with experience sampling methods. A small sample (n = 23) of predominantly African American, economically disadvantaged adolescents were asked to complete EMA surveys four times per day and wear an armband measuring Heart rate (HR) and skin response for a 2‐week period. Descriptive analyses examined number of hours of armband wear, percentage of viable data, and percentage of surveys completed by gender and race. Associations between biosensor data and EMA reports within and across individuals were also examined using hierarchical linear regression. EMA survey completion was good (81%) as was adherence to biosensor protocols, although technological difficulties interfered with collection of HR variability for youth with darker skin tones. Youth reported stressful events in 12.79% of EMA surveys, although 43% reported no negative mood experiences. Convergent validity was supported for detecting between‐person (EMA) and within‐person (EMA and biosensors) variability in stress across time, although associations across youth were highly variable. Results suggest value for biobehavioral methods in understanding day‐to‐day stress in adolescents but highlight variability in stress experiences as well as technological limitations, especially for youth of colour.
Hetero‐Polycrystalline Membranes with Narrow and Rigid Pores for Molecular Sieving
Authors: Li Wanbin , Su Pengcheng , Tang Huiyu , Lin Yanshan , Yu Yanqing
Published: November 2022

Molecular sieving membranes have great potential for energy‐saving separations, but they suffer from permeability‐selectivity trade‐off limitation. In this report, simultaneous hetero‐crystallization and hetero‐linker coordination of metal–organic framework (MOF) hollow fiber membranes through one‐pot synthesis for precise gas separation is reported. It is found that the hetero‐polycrystalline membranes consist of 2D and 3D MOF phases and are defect‐free and roughly orientated, hetero‐linker exchange of 3D phase by larger geometric ones can narrow transport pathway, and framework rigidification occurs and thus fixes MOF channels. The prepared membranes are robust and reproducible, and exhibit substantially improved performance, with H2/CO2, H2/N2, and H2/CH4selectivities up to 361, 482, and 541, respectively, accompanied by high H2permeance over 1100 gas permeation units, which can easily outclass trade‐off upper bounds of state‐of‐the‐art membranes.
Multi‐Dimensional Molecular Self‐Assembly Strategy for the Construction of Two‐Dimensional Mesoporous Polydiaminopyridine and Carbon Materials
Authors: Zhang Liangliang , Liu Yumeng , Wang Tao , Liu Zhilin , Li Wei , Qiao Zhen‐An
Published: November 2022

Two‐dimensional (2D) mesoporous polymers, combining the advantages of organic polymers, porous materials, and 2D materials, have received great attention in adsorption, catalysis, and energy storage. However, the synthesis of 2D mesoporous polymers is not only challenged by the complex 2D structure construction, but also by the low yield and difficulty in controlling the dynamics of the assembly during the generation of mesopores. Herein, a facile multi‐dimensional molecular self‐assembly strategy is reported for the preparation of 2D mesoporous polydiaminopyridines (MPDAPs), which features tunable pore sizes (17–35 nm) and abundant N content up to 18.0 at%. Benefitting from the abundant N sites, 2D nanostructure, and uniform‐large mesopores, the 2D MPDAPs exhibit excellent catalytic performance for the Knoevenagel condensation reaction. After calcination under N2 atmosphere, the obtained 2D N‐doped mesoporous carbon (NMCs) with large and uniform pore sizes, high surface areas, abundant N content (up to 23.1%), and a high ratio of basic N species (57.0% pyridinic N and 35.9% pyrrolic N) can show an excellent CO2 uptake density (11.7 µmol m−2 at 273 K), higher than previously reported porous materials.
3D‐Printed Silicone Substrates as Highly Deformable Electrodes for Stretchable Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Praveen Sekar , Kim Taehyung , Jung Soon Phil , Lee Chang Woo
Published: November 2022

Stretchable energy storage devices receive a considerable attention at present due to their growing demand for powering wearable electronics. A vital component in stretchable energy storage devices is its electrode which should endure a large and repeated number of mechanical deformations during its prolonged use. It is crucial to develop a technology to fabricate highly deformable electrode in an easy and an economic manner. Here, the fabrication of stretchable electrode substrates using 3D‐printing technology is reported. The ink for fabricating it contains a mixture of sacrificial sugar particles and polydimethylsiloxane resin which solidifies upon thermal curing. The printed stretchable substrate attains a porous structure after leaching the sugar particles in water. The resulting printed porous stretchable substrates are then utilized as electrodes for Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) after loading them with electrode materials. The batteries with stretchable electrodes exhibit a decent electrochemical performance comparable to that of the conventional electrodes. The stretchable electrodes also exhibit a stable electrochemical performance under various mechanical deformations and even after several hundreds of stretch/release cycles. This work provides a feasible route for constructing LIBs with high stretchability and enhanced electrochemical performance thereby providing a platform for realizing stretchable batteries for next generation wearable electronics.
Highly Symmetric, Self‐Assembling 3D DNA Crystals with Cubic and Trigonal Lattices
Authors: Lu Brandon , Vecchioni Simon , Ohayon Yoel P. , Woloszyn Karol , Markus Tiffany , Mao Chengde , Seeman Nadrian C. , Canary James W. , Sha Ruojie
Published: November 2022

The rational design of nanoscopic DNA tiles has yielded highly ordered crystalline matter in 2D and 3D. The most well‐studied 3D tile is the DNA tensegrity triangle, which is known to self‐assemble into macroscopic crystals. However, contemporary rational design parameters for 3D DNA crystals nearly universally invoke integer numbers of DNA helical turns and Watson–Crick (WC) base pairs. In this study, 24‐bp edges are substituted into a previously 21‐bp (two helical turns of DNA) tensegrity triangle motif to explore whether such unconventional motif can self‐assemble into 3D crystals. The use of noncanonical base pairs in the sticky ends results in a cubic arrangement of tensegrity triangles with exceedingly high symmetry, assembling a lattice from winding helical axes and diamond‐like tessellation patterns. Reverting this motif to sticky ends with Watson–Crick pairs results in a trigonal hexagonal arrangement, replicating this diamond arrangement in a hexagonal context. These results showcase that the authors can generate unexpected, highly complex, pathways for materials design by testing modifications to 3D tiles without prior knowledge of the ensuing symmetry. This study expands the rational design toolbox for DNA nanotechnology; and it further illustrates the existence of yet‐unexplored arrangements of crystalline soft matter.
A General Strategy for the Synthesis of Hierarchically Ordered Metal–Organic Frameworks with Tunable Macro‐, Meso‐, and Micro‐Pores
Authors: Wang Chen , Zhang Heyao , Wang Yao , Wu Jie , Kirlikovali Kent O. , Li Peng , Zhou Yaming , Farha Omar K.
Published: November 2022

Hierarchically ordered porous materials with tailored and inter‐connected macro‐, meso‐, and micro‐pores would facilitate the heterogeneous adsorption and catalysis processes for a wide range of applications but remain a challenge for synthetic chemists. Here, a general and efficient strategy for the synthesis of inverse opal metal–organic frameworks (IO MOFs) with a tunable size of macro‐, meso‐, and micro‐pores is reported. The strategy is based on the step‐wise template formation, precursor infiltration, solvo‐thermal reaction, and chemical etching. As a proof of the general applicability of this strategy, a series of inverse opal zirconium‐based MOFs with intrinsic micro‐ and/or meso‐pores, including UiO‐66, MOF‐808, NU‐1200, NU‐1000 and PCN‐777, and tunable macropores (1 µm, 2 µm, 3 µm, 5 µm, and 10 µm), have been prepared with outstanding yields. These IO MOFs demonstrate significantly enhanced absorption rates and faster initial hydrolysis rates for organophosphorus (OPs) aggregates compared to those of the pristine MOFs. This work paves the way for the further development of hierarchically ordered MOFs for advanced applications.
Interface Metal Oxides Regulating Electronic State around Nickel Species for Efficient Alkaline Hydrogen Electrocatalysis
Authors: Ren Jin‐Tao , Wang Lei , Chen Lei , Song Xin‐Lian , Kong Qing‐Hui , Wang Hao‐Yu , Yuan Zhong‐Yong
Published: November 2022

Heterogeneous electrocatalysis typically depends on the surface electronic states of active sites. Modulating the surface charge state of an electrocatalysts can be employed to improve performance. Among all the investigated materials, nickel (Ni)‐based catalysts are the only non‐noble‐metal‐based alternatives for both hydrogen oxidation and evolution reactions (HOR and HER) in alkaline electrolyte, while their activities should be further improved because of the unfavorable hydrogen adsorption behavior. Hereto, Ni with exceptional HOR electrocatalytic performance by changing the d‐band center by metal oxides interface coupling formed in situ is endowed. The resultant MoO2 coupled Ni heterostructures exhibit an apparent HOR activity, even approaching to that of commercial 20% Pt/C benchmark, but with better long‐term stability in alkaline electrolyte. An exceptional HER performance is also achieved by the Ni‐MoO2 heterostructures. The experiment results are rationalized by the theoretical calculations, which indicate that coupling MoO2 with Ni results in the downshift of d‐band center of Ni, and thus weakens hydrogen adsorption and benefits for hydroxyl adsorption. This concept is further proved by other metal oxides (e.g., CeO2, V2O3, WO3, Cr2O3)‐formed Ni‐based heterostructures to engineer efficient hydrogen electrocatalysts.
In‐Plane BO3 Configuration in P2 Layered Oxide Enables Outstanding Long Cycle Performance for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Xuan , Dong Xiping , Feng Xiaochen , Shi Qinhao , Wang Jing , Yin Xuemin , Zhang Jiujun , Zhao Yufeng
Published: November 2022

P2‐phase layered cathode materials with distinguished electrochemical performance for sodium‐ion batteries have attracted extensive attention, but they face critical challenges of transition metal layer sliding and unfavorable formation of hydration phase upon cycling, thus showing inferior long cycle life. Herein, a new approach is reported to modulate the local structure of P2 material by constructing a state‐of‐the‐art in‐plane BO3 triangle configuration ((Na0.67Ni0.3Co0.1Mn0.6O1.94(BO3)0.02). Both are unveiled experimentally and theoretically that such a structure can serve as a robust pillar to hold up the entire structure, by inhibiting the H2O insertion upon Na (de)intercalation and preventing the structure from deformation, which significantly boost the long cycle capability of P2‐materials. Meanwhile, more Na ions in the architecture are enabled to site on the edge sharing octahedrons (Nae), thus benefiting the Na+ transportation. Consequently, the as produced material demonstrates an ultralow volume variation (1.8%), and an outstanding capacity retention of 80.1% after 1000 cycles at 2 C. This work sheds light on efficient architecture modulation of layered oxides through proper nonmetallic element doping.
Combination of the insulator‐based dielectrophoresis and hydrodynamic methods for separating bacteria smaller than 3 μm in bloodstream infection: Numerical simulation approach
Authors: Rizi Farideh Salimian , Talebi Shahram , Manshadi Mohammad K D , Mohammadi Mehdi
Published: November 2022

Bloodstream infections have a high mortality rate with >80,000 deaths per year in North America. The inability to detect pathogens quickly in the early stages of the infection causes high mortality. Such inability has led to a growing interest in developing a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for identifying these pathogens. The rapid detection of bloodstream infections requires the rapid and efficient separation of bacteria from the blood. But the problem is that the number of bacteria is much lower than other blood components. The blood culture step needs to be accomplished first for bacteria identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. As the blood culture is time‐consuming, a method based on the insulator‐based has been presented that increases the number of bacteria by combining the blood culture method and increasing the concentration. In this model, the dielectrophoresis technique was utilized in a curved microchannel with a constriction for sorting three particle sizes including 9, 7–4 μm, as well as smaller than 3 μm. The results showed that the applied voltage and the channel dimensions affect separation efficiency. Suppose these values are properly selected (for example, a voltage of 110 V that was causing the maximum electric field of 200 V/cm). The proposed model can completely (100%) separate larger than 9 μm and smaller than 3 μm particles. The proposed model has simple geometry and is considered an appropriate technique for sorting all bacteria separation in bloodstream infection.
Lineage and hybridization effects on size potential in the Largemouth Bass complex
Authors: Lutz-Carrillo Dijar J. , Schlechte Warren , Norman Jake , Bennett Daniel L.
Published: November 2022

Objective

Introductions of Florida Bass Micropterus floridanus (FB) to Texas resulted in prevalent hybridization with Largemouth Bass M. salmoides (LB) and the creation of hybrid-dominated fisheries. However, little was known about the size potential of these hybrids relative to each other or relative to the parental taxa.

Methods

Sampling of these taxa and their hybrids in Texas (populations = 166; n = 8685) and genotyping at taxon-diagnostic microsatellite loci facilitated comparisons of allele and genotype frequencies among weight-classes.

Result

Results indicated that per capita, fish that were 100% FB were much more likely to attain moderate (≥3.63-kg) to large (≥5.9-kg) size than any other genotype in the species complex. Among hybrids, F1 genotypes were likely to reach moderate to large sizes at rates similar to hybrids with high levels of FB alleles; otherwise, the likelihood of reaching large size scaled positively with levels of FB alleles. Hybrids with <50% FB alleles and fish that were 100% LB were almost non-existent in the moderate and large size-classes. A case study in Lake Fork (n = 510) provided similar results, although F1 genotypes were more likely to reach large size than any other hybrid.

Conclusion

These findings provide evidence for positive size-related heterosis in the F1 generation and suggest that absent heterotic effects, size potential in hybrids is driven by many small additive-effect loci.
ER‐DeepSORT: Pedestrian Multiobject Tracking with Enhanced Reidentification
Authors: Liu Haiying , Zheng Taiheng , Sun Fengqian , Wang Chaoping , Deng Lixia
Published: November 2022

Pedestrian multiobject tracking is the major research branch in the field of computer vision. In complicated scenarios with frequent scale changes and occlusion, the existing multiobject tracking methods based on detection have unsatisfactory tracking accuracy because of the low robustness of reidentification. This article proposed a multiobject tracking method to improve the reidentification module in YOLOv5‐DeepSORT at a more fine‐grained level. The feature extraction network for the Re‐ID part of this algorithm is built based on Res2Net and group convolution. This network's hierarchical connection structure effectively improved the network's ability to extract multiscale features, and at the same time increased the receptive field of each network layer. The PCB network structure with evenly divided feature maps is used in the output part of the backbone network to enhance the influence of local features on the overall network performance. Based on this, the reidentification model is trained on the public datasets Market‐1501 and DukeMTMC‐reID using triplet loss. ER‐DeepSORT is an algorithm that combined the improved reidentification module of this article into DeepSORT. This article compared ER‐DeepSORT with YOLOv5‐DeepSORT under the original reidentification module to evaluate the tracking effect in MOT16 test sequence, the experimental results showed that ER‐DeepSORT improved MOTA by 5.4% and MOTP by 2.2% on the Market‐1501 datasets, and improved MOTA by 9.6% and MOTP by 2.7% on the DukeMTMC‐reID datasets. © 2022 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
German guideline diverticular disease/diverticulitis
Authors: Kruis Wolfgang , Germer Christoph‐Thomas , Böhm Stephan , Dumoulin Franz L. , Frieling Thomas , Hampe Jochen , Keller Jutta , Kreis Martin E. , Meining Alexander , Labenz Joachim , Lock Johann F. , Ritz Jörg P. , Schreyer Andreas , Leifeld Ludger ,   for the German Society of Gastroenterology, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases (DGVS) and the German Society of General and Visceral Surgery (DGAV) (AWMF‐Register 021‐20)
Published: November 2022

Diverticulosis and diverticular disease are ranked among the most common gastroenterological diseases and conditions. While for many years diverticulitis was found to be mainly an event occurring in the elder population, more recent work in epidemiology demonstrates increasing frequency in younger subjects. In addition, there is a noticeable trend towards more complicated disease. This may explain the significant increase in hospitalisations observed in recent years. It is not a surprise that the number of scientific studies addressing the clinical and socioeconomic consequences in the field is increasing. As a result, diagnosis and conservative as well as surgical management have changed in recent years. Diverticulosis, diverticular disease and diverticulitis are a complex entity and apparently an interdisciplinary challenge. To meet theses considerations the German Societies for Gastroenterology and Visceral Surgery decided to create joint guidelines addressing all aspects in a truely interdisciplinary fashion. The aim of the guideline is to summarise and to evaluate the current state of knowledge on diverticulosis and diverticular disease and to develop statements as well as recommendations to all physicians involved in the management of patients with diverticular disease.
Professional quality of life among Spanish veterinarians
Authors: Macía Patricia , Goñi‐Balentziaga Olatz , Vegas Oscar , Azkona Garikoitz
Published: November 2022

Background

In Spain, the perceived professional quality of life among veterinarians has not been explored.

Methods

Veterinarians were invited to complete an online questionnaire in which they answered the Professional Quality of Life scale, the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey and the Warwick‐Edinburgh Mental Well‐Being Scale. Participants were asked whether they were receiving psychological therapy or were taking anxiolytics, hypnotics or antidepressant medication. Alcohol consumption was measured using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test and nicotine dependence was assessed using the Fagerström test; participants were asked whether they took illegal drugs.

Results

The study sample comprised a total of 602 veterinarians, most of whom reported average levels of compassion satisfaction, secondary stress trauma and burnout. Emotional support and mental wellbeing influenced participants’ professional quality of life. The percentage of veterinarians in psychological therapy and/or taking anxiolytics was higher than in the general population.

Conclusions

A considerable number of clinical veterinarians in Spain may be suffering from work‐related stress. Our study identifies salary, emotional support and mental wellbeing as important factors that affect the professional quality of life. Interventions to improve veterinary clinicians’ professional quality of life should therefore focus on these factors.
Monocytosis at the time of diagnosis has a negative prognostic impact in myelodysplastic syndromes with less than 5% bone marrow blasts
Authors: Kasprzak A. , Assadi C. , Nachtkamp K. , Rudelius M. , Haas R. , Giagounidis A. , Götze K. , Gattermann N. , Germing U.
Published: November 2022

The prognostic impact of monocytosis has not yet been determined in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). We examined absolute monocyte counts in the peripheral blood at the time of diagnosis in 1949 patients with a bone marrow blast count < 5%, a condition we call MDS < EB1 (MDS with a blast percentage lower than that of MDS with excess blasts 1, according to the WHO classification). Monocytosis (> 600/µl) was associated with higher median hemoglobin, WBC, and ANC, and more favorable karyotype (p = .001). Nevertheless, monocytosis was associated with shorter overall survival (OS) (108 vs. 126 months, p = .002) and earlier transformation into AML (p < .001). In patients with sideroblastic phenotype, the percentage of ring sideroblasts significantly correlated with the monocyte count (p = .005), and OS was significantly shorter when monocytosis was documented (88 vs. 132 months, p = .004). The survival disadvantage of patients with MDS < EB1 and peripheral blood monocytosis suggests that these patients suffer from a CMML-like disease. Even though they are generally classified as MDS with persistent monocytosis, such patients should be considered candidates for therapeutic options employed in CMML.
A systematic description of continent ileostomy revision techniques
Authors: Ecker Nils Karl Josef , Tönsmann Mathias , Ecker Karl-Wilhelm
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Comprehensive description of surgical techniques for revision of complications of continent ileostomy (CI).

Methods

By analyzing 133 revision procedures performed over 30 years, a systematically classified approach to the appropriate techniques for CI revision surgery has been derived. Based on the anatomic site and severity of the respective complication, four classes of revision surgeries have been defined: class 1 refers to the nipple valve, class 2 to the pouch, class 3 to the stoma, and class 4 to the afferent loop. The severity of the complication or the complexity of the revision procedure is indicated by a subdivision from a to d.

Results

The surgical variants (class 1a–d, class 2a–c, class 3a–b, and class 4a–b) are shown in schematic illustrations with accompanying descriptions of technical details, the respective fields of application, and the special indications.

Conclusion

Based on these classes of revision surgeries, the specialized surgeon may find differentiated techniques at their disposal to save the CI and avoid unnecessary sacrifice of the artificial continence organ.
On the Tractability of Covering a Graph with 2-Clubs
Authors: Dondi Riccardo , Lafond Manuel
Published: November 2022

Covering a graph with cohesive subgraphs is a classical problem in theoretical computer science, for example when the cohesive subgraph model considered is a clique. In this paper, we consider as a model of cohesive subgraph the 2-clubs, which are induced subgraphs of diameter at most 2. We prove new complexity results on the$$\mathsf {Min~2\text {-}Club~Cover}$$Min2-ClubCoverproblem, a variant recently introduced in the literature which asks to cover the vertices of a graph with a minimum number of 2-clubs. First, we answer an open question on the decision version of$$\mathsf {Min~2\text {-}Club~Cover}$$Min2-ClubCoverthat asks if it is possible to cover a graph with at most two 2-clubs, and we prove that it is W[1]-hard when parameterized by the distance to a 2-club. Then, we consider the complexity of$$\mathsf {Min~2\text {-}Club~Cover}$$Min2-ClubCoveron some graph classes. We prove that$$\mathsf {Min~2\text {-}Club~Cover}$$Min2-ClubCoverremains NP-hard on subcubic planar graphs, W[2]-hard on bipartite graphs when parameterized by the number of 2-clubs in a solution, and fixed-parameter tractable on graphs having bounded treewidth.
A phase 1 open-label study to assess the relative bioavailability of TAK-931 tablets in reference to powder-in-capsule in patients with advanced solid tumors
Authors: Steeghs Neeltje , Pruis Melinda , van Herpen Carla , Lu Vickie , Redman John , Zhou Xiaofei
Published: November 2022

In this phase 1 open-label study, we assessed the relative bioavailability of a prototype tablet formulation of TAK-931, a cell division cycle 7 kinase inhibitor, in reference to the current powder-in-capsule (PIC) formulation in patients with advanced solid tumors for whom no effective standard treatment was available. Adult patients were randomized 1:1 in a crossover fashion to receive one dose of TAK-931 80 mg PIC on Day 1 and one dose of TAK-931 80 mg tablet on Day 3 (or the reverse sequence), followed by TAK-931 50 mg PIC once daily (QD) for 12 days starting from Day 5, before a 7-day rest period (Cycle 0). From Cycle 1, all patients received 50 mg PIC QD on Days 1–14 followed by a 7-day rest period. Twenty patients were enrolled. Median Tmax was achieved approximately 2 h post-dose of TAK-931 80 mg for both tablet and PIC. Geometric mean Cmax, AUC exposures, and T1/2z of TAK-931 were similar for both formulations. Geometric mean Cmax, AUClast, and AUCinf ratios were 0.936 (90% confidence interval [CI]: 0.808–1.084), 1.004 (90% CI: 0.899–1.120), and 1.007 (90% CI: 0.903–1.123), respectively, for TAK-931 tablet in reference to PIC. Discontinuation of TAK-931 due to treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) occurred in 1 patient. Four (20%) patients experienced a serious TEAE; none were considered related to TAK-931. Pharmacokinetics and systemic exposure profiles were similar following administration of both formulations, supporting the transition from PIC to tablet in the clinical development of TAK-931. (Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov NCT03708211. Registration date October 12, 2018).
Health behaviors, obesity, and marital status among cancer survivors: a MEPS study
Authors: Song Lixin , Guan Ting , Guo Peiran , Tan Xianming , Bryant Ashley Leak , Wood William A. , Sung Anthony D. , Kent Erin Elizabeth , Keyserling Thomas C.
Published: November 2022

Purpose

Promoting positive health behaviors helps improve cancer survivors’ health outcomes during survivorship; however, little is known about whether health behaviors differ by marital status. The purpose is to examine whether health behaviors and obesity among cancer survivors vary by marital status and whether the type of cancer and sociodemographic factors influence the relationship.

Methods

We examined smoking, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI) among 1880 individuals diagnosed with prostate, breast, or colon cancer who were identified from the 2011–2017 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). We used Rao-Scott design-adjusted chi-square tests and weighted multivariable logistic regressions to achieve the research aims.

Results

Current smoking behavior and BMI were significantly related to marital status. Survivors who had never married were the most likely to be current smokers across all cancer types. Married survivors were the most likely to be overweight or obese, while widowed survivors were the most likely to have a normal weight. The relationship between BMI and marital status varied by cancer type. Widowed colon cancer survivors were least likely to be overweight or obese; divorced/separated colon cancer survivors were most likely to be obese or overweight. Health behavior disparities were found among cancer survivors of different age, sex, race, and levels of education and income.

Conclusions

There were relationships between marital status, health behaviors, and obesity among cancer survivors.

Implications for Cancer Survivors

Our results suggested that relationship status and sociodemographic factors need to be considered in tailoring interventions to promote health behaviors among cancer survivors.
Prediction of lake water-level fluctuations using adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system hybridized with metaheuristic optimization algorithms
Authors: Pham Quoc Bao , Mohammadi Babak , Moazenzadeh Roozbeh , Heddam Salim , Zolá Ramiro Pillco , Sankaran Adarsh , Gupta Vivek , Elkhrachy Ismail , Khedher Khaled Mohamed , Anh Duong Tran
Published: November 2022

Lakes help increase the sustainability of the natural environment and decrease food chain risk, agriculture, ecosystem services, and leisure recreational activities locally and globally. Reliable simulation of monthly lake water levels is still an ongoing demand for multiple environmental and hydro-informatics engineering applications. The current research aims to utilize newly developed hybrid data-intelligence models based on the ensemble adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) coupled with metaheuristics algorithms for lake water-level simulation by considering the effect of seasonality on Titicaca Lake water-level fluctuations. The classical ANFIS model was trained using three metaheuristics nature-inspired optimization algorithms, including the genetic algorithm (ANFIS-GA), particle swarm optimizer (ANFIS-PSO), and whale optimization algorithm (ANFIS-WOA). For determining the best set of the input variables, an evolutionary approach based on several lag months has been utilized prior to the lake water-level simulation process using the hybrid models. The proposed hybrid models were investigated for accurately simulating the monthly water levels at Titicaca Lake. The ANFIS-WOA model exhibited the best prediction performance for lake water-level pattern measurement in this study. For the best scenario (the inputs were $${X}_{t-1},\; {X}_{t-2}, \;{X}_{t-3}, \;{X}_{t-4}, \; {X}_{t-12}$$

X

t
-
1

,

X

t
-
2

,

X

t
-
3

,

X

t
-
4

,

X

t
-
12

) the ANFIS-WOA model attained root mean square error (RMSE $$\approx$$
≈
0.08 m), mean absolute error (MAE $$\approx$$
≈
0.06 m), and coefficient of determination (R2$$\approx$$
≈
0.96). Also, the results showed that long-term seasonal memory for this lake is suitable input for lake water-level models so that the long-term dynamic memory of 1-year time series for lake water-level data is the best input for estimating the water level of Titicaca Lake.
Hybrid model of support vector regression and innovative gunner optimization algorithm for estimating ski-jump spillway scour depth
Authors: Wang Lirong , Zhang Guodao , Yin Xuesong , Zhang Hongkai , Kashani Mahsa H. , Roshni Thendiyath , Meshram Sarita Gajbhiye
Published: November 2022

Scour hole that occurs downstream of the hydraulic structures threatens the safety and stability of the hydraulic structures. The scour around the structures is a complex and important hydraulic phenomenon; hence, it requires a data extensive research for the accurate estimation of scour depth. Although many analytical models are available for scour depth estimation, they suffer from huge limitations. In this research, the support vector regression (SVR) model and SVR ensemble with the metaheuristic algorithm of innovative gunner (SVR-AIG) models have been developed for accurate prediction of scour depth downstream of the ski-jump spillways. Field measurements including head and discharge intensity are used for developing the models. The performances of the models are compared using root mean square error (RMSE), mean average error (MAE), and correlation coefficient (CC) criteria and some statistical plots. The results showed that the hybrid SVR-AIG-based estimations (with CC = 0.987, 0.991, RMSE = 2.839, 1.987, and MAE = 2.247, 1.201) are more accurate than the SVR standalone model estimations (with CC = 0.942, 0.975, RMSE = 5.686, 4.040, and MAE = 4.114, 3.201) at the training and testing phases. This study is an important reference for analyzing the high capability of the AIG as an optimization tool in improving scour estimations of a standalone model. Also, this algorithm eliminates the trial-and-error procedure to optimize the internal parameters during the model development.

Graphical abstract
Frequency analysis of extreme daily rainfall over an arid zone of Iran using Fourier series method
Authors: jou Parviz Haghighat , Mirhashemi Seyed Hassan
Published: November 2022

In this paper frequency analysis of annual extreme daily rainfall of 14 gauging stations located in an arid zone of Iran were performed using parametric and nonparametric approaches. The parametric methods include normal, two- and three-parameter log-normal, two-parameter gamma, Pearson and log-Pearson type III, extreme value type I (Gumbel), generalized extreme value and generalized logistic distributions. The nonparametric approach is Fourier series method. The data were fitted to all of above mentioned models and the results showed that the goodness of fit of the data to Fourier series is much better than other parametric methods. Thus the Fourier series can be used as an alternative approach for frequency analysis of extreme daily rainfall in an arid zone. In addition, the quantiles can be calculated by the Fourier series.
Aquifer-wide estimation of longitudinal dispersivity by the combination of empirical equations, inverse solution, and aquifer zoning methods
Authors: Ansarifar Mohammad-Mahdi , Salarijazi Meysam , Ghorbani Khalil , Kaboli Abdol-Reza
Published: November 2022

Longitudinal dispersivity is a crucial parameter for the numerical simulation of groundwater quality, which is highly variable. The use of empirical equations and the inverse solution are two main methods of estimating longitudinal dispersivity. This study investigates the estimation of value and aquifer-wide spatial distribution of longitudinal dispersivity parameters using a combination of the empirical equation, the inverse solution method, and the aquifer zoning technique. The combined approach is applied to Bandar-e-Gaz aquifer in northern Iran, and Willmott’s index of agreement was used to assess the simulation precision of total dissolved solids in this aquifer. The values of this criterion were 0.9985–0.9999 and 0.9756–0.9992 in calibration and validation periods showing the developed combined approach obtained high precision for both calibration and validation periods, and the simulation shows remarkable consistency. Also, the one-way sensitivity analysis indicates that the longitudinal dispersivity is more sensitive than the effective porosity in this simulation. The investigation of the spatial distribution of the estimated longitudinal dispersivity by the combined approach indicates that the value of the parameter has a decreasing trend from the south to the north (50–8 m) in the aquifer environment, which is consistent with the changes in the characteristics of porous media in this study area. Therefore, it concludes that the combined approach provides a reliable and appropriate estimation of the spatial distribution of longitudinal dispersivity.
Computational approach for form-finding optimal design
Authors: Dasari Saaranya Kumar , Fantuzzi Nicholas , Trovalusci Patrizia , Panei Roberto
Published: November 2022

In this paper, an optimization strategy for a canopy, based on computational modelling approaches is presented. The design approach is applied to a realistic roof structure of an ecological island (waste collection centre) and has been completely redesigned with the aid of a Genetic Algorithm and a Dynamic Relaxation Algorithm. The preliminary design of the roof structure can be formulated as a shape optimization problem, involving functional needs and constraints at different scales of the structure. The proposed hypothesis solution was studied by using an optimization procedure through algorithms in the software Rhinoceros3D®/Grasshopper®. The main aim of this work is to explore different modelling approaches for form-finding that can be built from the use of numerical simulations based on algorithms. To this aim, the need to meet various requirements (structural, functional, formal) involving a team of architects and engineers can be interpreted as a matter of structural optimization.