bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute kidney injury biomarkers in the single-cell transcriptomic era
Authors: Hinze Christian , Schmidt-Ott Kai M.
Published: September 2022

Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects many hospitalized patients and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality even at milder and reversible stages. The current clinical definition relies on serum creatinine increases or decreased urinary output. However, both parameters are of limited use because of poor sensitivity, specificity, and timeliness. Furthermore, the complex pathophysiology and diverse etiologies underlying AKI confound these issues. Precise biomarkers for specific aspects of AKI are needed. Earlier AKI biomarkers were unsuccessful in addressing these needs because they either lacked sensitivity and specificity or failed to aid in guiding clinical management. The advent of single-cell transcriptomics technologies provides an unprecedented opportunity to analyze cells from urine, blood, or kidney biopsies to elucidate the detailed, cell-specific, molecular responses in AKI. These technologies uncover the cellular sources of traditional biomarkers, capture patient heterogeneity, define cell states associated with different AKI subtypes, and might eventually help to predict therapeutic response. We discuss how single-cell technologies might transform diagnostic approaches to AKI by moving from single biomarkers to cell-specific molecular signatures.
Fatty acid amide hydrolase activity in the dorsal periaqueductal gray attenuates neuropathic pain and associated dysautonomia
Authors: Woyach Victoria , Sherman Katherine , Hillard Cecilia J. , Hopp Francis A. , Hogan Quinn H. , Dean Caron
Published: September 2022

The complexity of neuropathic pain and its associated comorbidities, including dysautonomia, make it difficult to treat. Overlap of anatomical regions and pharmacology of sympathosensory systems in the central nervous system (CNS) provide targets for novel treatment strategies. The dorsal periaqueductal gray (dPAG) is an integral component of both the descending pain modulation system and the acute stress response and is critically involved in both analgesia and the regulation of sympathetic activity. Local manipulation of the endocannabinoid signaling system holds great promise to provide analgesia without excessive adverse effects and also influence autonomic output. Inhibition of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) increases brain concentrations of the endocannabinoid N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA) and reduces pain-related behaviors in neuropathic pain models. Neuropathic hyperalgesia and reduced sympathetic tone are associated with increased FAAH activity in the dPAG, which suggests the hypothesis that inhibition of FAAH in the dPAG will normalize pain sensation and autonomic function in neuropathic pain. To test this hypothesis, the effects of systemic or intra-dPAG FAAH inhibition on hyperalgesia and dysautonomia developed after spared nerve injury (SNI) were assessed in male and female rats. Administration of the FAAH inhibitor PF-3845 into the dPAG reduces hyperalgesia behavior and the decrease in sympathetic tone induced by SNI. Prior administration of the CB1 receptor antagonist AM281, attenuated the antihyperalgesic and sympathetic effects of FAAH inhibition. No sex differences were identified. These data support an integrative role for AEA/CB1 receptor signaling in the dPAG contributing to the regulation of both hyperalgesia behavior and altered sympathetic tone in neuropathic pain.
Improving the Treatment Response of Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Implementing a Second-Generation Artificial Intelligence System for Overcoming Resistance
Authors: Hershko-Moshe Anat , Hasin Yaako’v , Nevo-Shor Anat , Etzion Ohad , Ilan Yaron
Published: September 2022

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional disorder. The syndrome’s multifactorial pathophysiology makes it challenging to design effective therapies. The present paper reviews several therapeutic approaches to treating IBS, highlighting the challenges of losing response over time to therapies. Here, we present the relevance of chronobiology in biological systems focusing on the potential of chronotherapy for IBS. Artificial intelligence- (AI-) based approaches have been developed over the last few years to improve the diagnosis, therapeutic approaches, and monitoring of patients with various diseases. We discuss the use of first-generation AI platforms and their limitations in clinical practice and present the establishment of a second-generation system designed to overcome obstacles in managing these patients. The system identifies costly patients and those who do not respond to therapies and may benefit from algorithm-based therapies. We present a patient-tailored approach for improving the response to therapy in IBS using an AI-based algorithm. This system provides a tool for a patient-tailored monitoring system. The second-generation AI system can provide a comprehensive tool for improving the diagnosis and therapy and monitoring of patients with IBS.
The AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway Was Mediated through the LINC00514/miR-28-5p/TRIM44 Axis
Authors: Wu Lin , Zhu Xingmei , Wang Runfeng , Sun Shukai , Ma Bo , Zhang Zhiguo
Published: September 2022

Objective. Increasing evidence has demonstrated the essential role of lncRNAs in tumorigenesis. LINC00514, a novel lncRNA, was reported to be a promoter of malignant behaviors in cancer, but in pituitary adenoma (PA), its biological functions remain unclear. Methods. Herein, we measured LINC00514 expression by RT-qPCR analysis which indicated a significant elevation of LINC00514 expression in human PA tissues. Moreover, the effect of LINC00514 silencing on PA cell proliferation and invasion was, respectively, examined by CCK-8 and transwell assays. Results. The results showed that LINC00514 deletion markedly inhibited PA cell proliferation and invasion. Besides, investigation on the molecular mechanisms showed that LINC00514 might function as an endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to sponge miR-28-5p and TRIM44 was mediated by LINC00514-derived miR-28-5p in PA cells. Furthermore, the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway was mediated through the LINC00514/miR-28-5p/TRIM44 axis. Conclusion. To sum up, we suggested LINC00514 as a novel therapeutic target for PA treatment.
A New Result for ψ‐Hilfer Fractional Pantograph‐Type Langevin Equation and Inclusions
Authors: Lmou Hamid , Hilal Khalid , Kajouni Ahmed
Published: September 2022

In this paper, we deal with the existence and uniqueness of solution for ψ‐Hilfer Langevin fractional pantograph differential equation and inclusion; these types of pantograph equations are a special class of delay differential equations. The existence and uniqueness results are obtained by making use of the Krasnoselskii fixed‐point theorem and Banach contraction principle, and for the inclusion version, we use the Martelli fixed‐point theorem to get the existence result. In the end, we are giving an example to illustrate our results.
Optimization Method of High-Precision Control Device for Photoelectric Detection of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on POS Data
Authors: Liu Xuebin , Li Hanshan , Yang Suiming
Published: September 2022

With the rapid development of modern technology, due to the light-weight, small size, and good concealment, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has received much attention from the society and has been vigorously promoted. Photoelectric tracking detection system is an important means in the field of modern detection. The combination of a UAV and photoelectric detection system can effectively play an important role in reconnaissance and exploration, target positioning, communication, and navigation. At present, the relevant personnel have higher and higher requirements for the accuracy of the photoelectric detection function of UAV, and the original POS data relied on by the existing photoelectric detection devices of UAV has systematic errors, which leads to the low accuracy of photoelectric detection control. Therefore, in order to achieve the purpose of improving the high-precision control of the photoelectric detection device of UAV, this paper designed an optimization method for the high-precision control device of photoelectric detection of UAV based on POS data. Firstly, the improved PID control algorithm is applied to the optimization of the UAV control device, and secondly the error correction model is established by analyzing the error source, and the original POS data is corrected by the model. This paper used the designed high-precision control device optimization algorithm and the traditional algorithm to compare the stability control experiments of the UAV platform, respectively. The experimental results showed that the application of the improved UAV photoelectric detection control device optimization method could effectively improve the control device optimization accuracy of UAV photoelectric detection by 8.23%, which was conducive to the efficient implementation of the project.
Antitumor Potential of Sericite Treatment Mediated by Cell Cycle Arrest in Triple-Negative MDA-MB231 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Kim Seonhee , Nagar Harsha , Lee Ikjun , Choi Su-Jeong , Piao Shuyu , Jeon Byeong Hwa , Kang Shin Kwang , Song Hee-Jung , Kim Cuk-Seong
Published: September 2022

Breast cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among females worldwide. Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for about 10–15% of all breast cancers and is usually more aggressive and has a poorer prognosis. Sericite has been known to have antitumor and immune-stimulatory effects. Although the chemopreventive potential of sericite has been demonstrated in other cancers, its molecular pathways in TNBC still require investigation. Thus, in the present study, the antitumor mechanism of sericite against MDA-MB231 breast cancer cells was examined in vitro and in an in vivo xenograft mouse model. Sericite treatment reduced cell proliferation and cell proliferation marker proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in MDA-MB231 cells. It also decreased the total cell number and arrested cells in the G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle with an increase in the phosphorylation of P53 and upregulation of cell cycle regulatory proteins P21 and P16. In addition, sericite treatment also induced apoptosis signaling, which was evident by the upregulation of apoptotic protein markers cleaved caspases 3 and 9. A reduction in reactive oxygen species (ROS), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), p22phox, and heat shock proteins (HSPs) was also observed. Similar results were obtained in vivo with significantly reduced tumor volume in sericite-administered mice. Collectively, these findings suggest that sericite has antitumor potential based on its property to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death and therefore could serve as a potential therapeutic agent and crucial candidate in anticancer drug development for TNBC.
Assistant Teaching of Hurdle Technology Based on Mobile Communication Multimedia Technology and MVP Theory
Authors: Zhou Tong , Zhang Meng , Wu Xingxing , Hou Wenzhi , Yu Lei
Published: September 2022

In order to solve the problem that multimedia technology cannot give full play to its technical advantages, a method of assisted teaching in hurdle technology based on mobile communication multimedia and MVP theory is proposed. In this mode, the system adopts a layered structure design, which can reduce the coupling between modules, realize the reuse of platform business logic code, and improve the maintainability of the entire system. The average technical evaluation score of the experimental class was 89.28, and that of the control class was 80.64. Meanwhile, the standard deviation was lower than that of the control class. A lower standard deviation indicates that the sample data is less distributed and that the population value is closer to the mean. That is to say, the technical evaluation scores of the experimental class were generally in the middle, and there was a significant difference between the two classes (P<0.05). The results of the pilot study showed that with the aid of mobile communication multimedia teaching technology, students’ interest in preventing technology learning is increasing, verifying the validity of the experiment.
Evaluation of the Potential Protective Effects of Lactobacillus Strains against Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Shumin , Zhang Meiyi , Yu Leilei , Tian Fengwei , Lu Wenwei , Wang Gang , Chen Wei , Wang Jialin , Zhai Qixiao
Published: September 2022

Background. The beneficial effects of probiotic supplementation standard antibiotic therapies for Helicobacter pylori infection have been verified, but the ability of probiotic monotherapy to eradicate H. pylori remains unclear. Aim. To evaluate the accuracy and efficacy of specific Lactobacillus strains against H. pylori infection. Methods. Seventy-eight patients with H. pylori infection were treated with strain L. crispatus G14-5M (L. crispatus CCFM1118) or L. helveticus M2-09-R02-S146 (L. helveticus CCFM1121) or L. plantarum CCFM8610 at a dose of 2 g twice daily for one month. 14C-urea breath test, the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale, serum pepsinogen concentrations, and serum cytokine concentrations of patients were measured at baseline and end-of-trial to analyze the effect of the Lactobacillus strains in eradicating H. pylori infection and reducing gastrointestinal discomfort in patients. In addition, the composition and abundance of the intestinal microbiota of patients were also measured at end-of-trial. Results. The 14C-urea breath test value of the three Lactobacillus treatment groups had decreased significantly, and the eradication rate of H. pylori had increased by the end of the trial. In particular, the eradication rate in the G14-5M treatment group was significantly higher than the placebo group (70.59% vs. 15.38%,

P
=
0.0039

), indicating that one-month administration of the G14-5M regimen was sufficient to eradicate H. pylori infection. The ingestion of Lactobacillus strains also ameliorated the gastrointestinal symptom rating scale scores, and the serum interleukin-8 concentrations of H. pylori-infected patients appeared to modulate the gut microbiota of patients. However, none of the Lactobacillus strains had a significant effect on general blood physiological characteristics, serum tumor necrosis factor α concentrations, or serum pepsinogen concentrations in the patients. Conclusion. Three Lactobacillus strains significantly alleviate the gastrointestinal discomfort and the gastric inflammatory response of H. pylori-infected patients. The activity of probiotics in eradicating H. pyloriinfection may be species/strain specific.
Uroprotective and Hepatoprotective Potential of Anagallis arvensis against the Experimental Animal Model
Authors: Shabbir Ushna , Anjum Irfan , Naveed Mushtaq Muhammad , Nasir Hayat Malik Muhammad , Ismail Sana , Javed Joham , Noreen Saeeda , Pervaiz Ayesha , Tariq Anika , Wazir Misbah , Islam Zeenat , Majid Muhammad , Mansha Sehrish , Ur Rehman Zaka
Published: September 2022

Anagallis arvensis (A. arvensis) belonging to the family Primulaceae is traditionally used for liver and kidney diseases. The aim of the study was to evaluate the uroprotective and hepatoprotective potentials of A. arvensis in cyclophosphamide-induced interstitial cystitis and paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity rat model, respectively. Nociception, bladder weight, vesical vascular permeability, Gray’s criteria for edema and hemorrhage, and levels of nitric oxide, catalase, and glutathione were estimated and studied in the cystitis model. Liver function test, lipid profile, and histopathological evaluation were carried out in the hepatoprotective activity. Oral administration of methanol extract of A. arvensis significantly reduced bladder weight, vesical vascular permeability, edema, hemorrhage, nitric oxide, IL-6, and TNF-α, while the level of catalase and glutathione peroxide was increased. In hepatoprotective activity, pretreatment with A. arvensis significantly decreased the level of liver markers (Bilirubin, ALT, AST, and ALP) and lipid profile (cholesterol, TG, LDL, and VLDL). Histopathological studies confirmed the biochemical findings of both studies. GC-MS analysis presented the presence of antioxidant phytoconstituents. Thus, it was concluded that A. arvensis might act as uroprotective and hepatoprotective due to the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals in the rodent model. Isolation and identification of phytochemicals present in the methanol extract of A. arvensis and evaluation of their exact mechanism of action become mandatory in future studies.
Insulation Resistance Measurement of Airport Navigational Lighting System Based on Deep Learning and Transfer Learning
Authors: Liu Z. B. , Wang Q. , Li H. , Wang C. Y. , Fei J. Y.
Published: September 2022

The insulation resistance value is one of the important indexes for the safe operation of airport navigational lighting system. In this paper, a method based on deep learning and transfer learning is proposed to measure the insulation resistance value. To reduce the influence of high voltage environment and signal injection on the measurement accuracy, a multilayer LSTM model is established, in which the network convergence rate is accelerated by introducing a normalized layer in front of the first LSTM layer. Based on the constructed deep network, transfer learning is employed by sharing the weight parameters of the pretraining model to solve the problem of small data sample. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method can effectively improve the measurement accuracy of the insulation resistance value.
Recent Developments on Magnetically Separable Ferrite‐Based Nanomaterials for Removal of Environmental Pollutants
Authors: Pansambal Shreyas , Roy Arpita , Mohamed Hamza Elsayed Ahmed , Oza Rajeshwari , Vu Canh Minh , Marzban Abdolrazagh , Chauhan Ankush , Ghotekar Suresh , Murthy H. C. Ananda
Published: September 2022

The current water supply situation demonstrates the predominance of contamination caused by industrial effluent runoff. Polluted waters have contributed to significant health and environmental risks, calling for an acceptable alternative to address the effects. However, diverse chemical and treatment physical stages commonly used for dye effluent processing are more cost‐intensive, less effective, and time‐consuming. Instead, nanomaterials have developed as a good alternative for dye removal and degradation because of their special chemical reactivity and superior surface features/properties. In this regard, the ability of modified or hybrid ferrite‐based magnetically recoverable nanomaterials in dye effluent treatment has been extensively explored. The present study especially emphasizes magnetic ferrite (Fe3O4 + X) or metal‐doped ferrite (MFe2O4 + X) nanocomposite for dye degradation (where M consists of Co, Cu, Zn, Mg, Mn, Ni, etc., and X consists of reduced graphene oxide, graphene oxide, metal, or metal oxide). Several dye degradation efficiencies of various ferrite and metal ferrite nanomaterial were discussed. Degradation is carried out using direct sunlight, and various lamps (e.g., visible light/UV‐C lamp/halogen lamp/Mercury‐Xenon lamp/UV lamp with UV filter for visible light) are used as a source. This review article covers the degradation of various dyes from wastewater using ferrite‐based nanomaterial as an efficient catalyst and making water pollution free.
Sequential Test for Change-Point in Long Memory Process
Authors: Jia Xiuqin , Chen Zhanshou , Liang Yan
Published: September 2022

This paper proposes a modified kernel weighted variance ratio statistic to sequentially detect change-point that shifts from a stationary long memory process to a non-stationary long memory process. The limiting distribution of test statistic under the null hypothesis and its consistency under the alternative hypothesis are proved. Simulations indicate that the new method has better finite sample performance than the available method in the literature. Finally, we illustrate the new method by a set of U.S. inflation rate data.
Intratumoral Therapy to Make a “Cold” Tumor “Hot”: The Jury Is Still Out
Authors: Punekar Salman R. , Weber Jeffrey S.
Published: September 2022

Tilsotolimod, an oligodeoxynucleotide TLR9 agonist, administered intratumorally, has been clinically evaluated. This compound has demonstrated the ability to induce changes within the tumor microenvironment, to convert noninflamed cold tumors into inflamed hot tumors, with the hope that these tumors will be more responsive to immune checkpoint blockade.

See related article by Babiker et al., p. 5079
Actinotignum schaalii Can Be an Uropathogen of “Culture-Negative” Febrile Urinary Tract Infections in Children with Urinary Tract Abnormalities
Authors: Washio Mami , Harada Nobutaka , Nishima Daisuke , Takemoto Megumi
Published: September 2022

Accurate diagnosis and treatment of febrile urinary tract infections (UTI) during childhood are important for the prevention of renal parenchymal damage and functional loss, and detection of underlying diseases related to chronic kidney disease (CKD). Actinotignum schaalii (A. schaalii)-related febrile UTI in children is rare, and its incidence and risk factors remain unclear. A 3-year-old boy with a history of UTI presented with fever and vomiting. Although the culture of his urine specimen in air was negative, A. schaalii was observed in a 5% carbon dioxide (CO2) culture condition, as well as an anaerobic one. A diagnosis of febrile UTI was made, and he recovered with antibiotic therapy. He was found to have CKD associated with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) after further investigations. A. schaalii is one of the causative agents of febrile UTI in children with urinary tract abnormalities. Although the culture in the air could show negative results, urine culture in 5% CO2 and anaerobic conditions is useful for diagnosis. Our case is the youngest and the first known case of A. schaalii-related febrile UTI associated with VUR in children.
Foraging strata and dietary preferences of fifteen species of babblers in Sarawak, Malaysia
Authors: Jayasilan Mohd-Azlan  , Attiqqah Fadziliah Sapian  , Andrew Alek Tuen  , Puan Chong Leong
Published: September 2022

Babblers are the primary insectivorous birds of the tropical forests in southeastern Asia which have shown to be affected by forest disturbance. Their high diversity, microhabitat specificity and specialised feeding guilds provide a good opportunity for ecological research pertaining to niche segregation. We examined the diet and foraging strata of 15 sympatric babbler species mist-netted in nine forests in Sarawak, eastern Malaysia. Based on 222 birds captured from December 2014 to March 2016, a segregation in foraging strata was found, with half of the species captured frequenting low strata, while only three were found at mid strata and four at high strata. Both species richness and abundance were found to decrease when the foraging height increased. From a total of 136 prey items retrieved from regurgitated and faecal samples of 13 babbler species, we found that Coleoptera (41.5%), Hymenoptera (36.2%), and Araneae (12.3%) formed the major diet of the birds. Diet overlaps among the babblers were relatively low. Our study demonstrated the possible presence of spatial and trophic niche segregation among babblers, and justified their ecological role as indicators of tropical forest ecosystem health, especially in the case of specialists, that deserve further conservation attention.
Familial Hypercholesterolemia Identification by Machine Learning Using Lipid Profile Data Performs as Well as Clinical Diagnostic Criteria
Authors: Hesse Reinhardt , Raal Frederick J. , Blom Dirk J. , George Jaya A.
Published: September 2022

Background:

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common genetic disorder and, if not diagnosed and treated early, results in premature cardiovascular disease. Most individuals with FH are undiagnosed and machine learning offers a new prospect to improve FH identification. Our objective was to create a machine learning model from basic lipid profile data with better screening performance than LDL-C (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) cutoff levels and diagnostic performance comparable to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria.

Methods:

The model was developed combining logistic regression, deep learning, and random forest classification and trained on a 70% split of a data set of individuals clinically suspected of having FH. Model performance, as well as that of the LDL-C cutoff and Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria, were assessed on the internal 30% testing data set and an external data set by comparing the area under the receiver operator characteristic (AUROC) curves. All methodologies were measured against the gold standard of FH diagnosis by mutation identification. Furthermore, the model was also tested on 2 lower prevalence data sets.

Results:

The machine learning model achieved an AUROC curve of 0.711 on the external data set (n=1376; FH prevalence=64%), which was superior to the LDL-C cutoff (AUROC=0.642) and comparable to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria (AUROC=0.705). The model performed even better when tested on the medium-prevalence (n=2655; FH prevalence=20%) and low-prevalence (n=1616; FH prevalence=1%) data sets, with AUROC curve values of 0.801 and 0.856, respectively.

Conclusions:

Despite absence of clinical information, the model better identified genetically confirmed FH in a cohort of individuals suspected of having FH than LDL-C cutoff values and was comparable to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. The model achieved higher accuracy when tested on 2 cohorts with lower FH prevalence. The application of machine learning is, therefore, a promising tool in both the screening for, and diagnosis of, individuals with FH.
Bias, the unfinished symphony
Authors: Coşkun Abdurrahman
Published: September 2022

In laboratory medicine, mathematical equations are frequently used to calculate various parameters including bias, imprecision, measurement uncertainty, sigma metric (SM), creatinine clearance, LDL-cholesterol concentration, etc. Mathematical equations have strict limitations and cannot be used in all situations and are not open to manipulations. Recently, a paper “Bias estimation for Sigma metric calculation: Arithmetic mean versus quadratic mean” was published in Biochemia Medica. In the paper, the author criticized the approach of taking the arithmetic mean of the multiple biases to obtain a single bias and proposed a quadratic method to estimate the overall bias using external quality assurance services (EQAS) data for SM calculation. This approach does not fit the purpose and it should be noted that using the correct equation in calculations is as important as using the correct reagent in the measurement of the analytes, therefore before using an equation, its suitability should be checked and confirmed.
“Etiquette-Observing” Emotional Actions
Authors: Hao Shaoyi , Zhu Zhiyong
Published: September 2022

The development of the Sociology of Emotions proves the potential correlation between emotion and reason. This study draws on the perspective of the Sociology of Emotions, follows the academic development of the symbolic interaction theory, and adopts the qualitative case study methodology to explore the elements and methods of emotional actions by Xiaomin, the pre-employment preschool teacher during her internship. Our analysis of data collected through observations, interviews, and artifacts finds that an emotional action involves six major elements, namely, emotional subject, emotional symbol, situational condition, emotional meaning, focus and entrainment (mutual focus and emotional entrainment) and emotional object. Based on this finding, this study distinguishes four types of emotional actions, namely, integrative emotional action, divergent emotional action, disintegrative emotional action, and convergent emotional action. Focusing on the composing elements, this study offers a new microscopic way of interpreting emotional actions different from the macroscopic approach that stresses institutional and cultural structures. It is also a useful application of the studies of emotions of the symbolic interaction theory.
Teachers’ Emotional Labor in the Context of New College Entrance Exam Reform in Mainland China
Authors: Wang Xi , Bian Fuyu
Published: September 2022

This study was designed as an explorative qualitative study aiming to investigate Chinese high school teachers’ emotional labor when implementing policies related to the New College Entrance Exam (ncee). Findings are mainly generated from analysis of in-depth interviews. First, as a by-product of the ncee reform, disruptive changes in curricula and school management have brought about negative emotions on the part of teachers. The negative emotions led to teachers’ pessimist attitude towards the ongoing ncee reform. Second, teachers’ negative emotions were intentionally managed and controlled by themselves for different reasons. On the one hand, teachers inhibited negative feelings for building a compassionate climate in classroom teaching. On the other hand, teachers performed to be “emotional-free” in front of students’ parents and school managers. The study suggests that the intensified external institutional pressures, rather than changed classroom teaching, made teaching an alienated labor, depriving teachers’ sustainable commitment to the ncee reform.
Owstonia aurora (Perciformes: Cepolidae: Owstoniinae), a new bandfish from the Philippines
Authors: LIAO YUN-CHIH , REYES RODOLFO B. JR. , SHAO KWANG-TSAO
Published: September 2022

Owstonia aurora sp. nov. is described on the base of three specimens (69.8–88.0 mm in standard length) collected off East Luzon during the “Aurora 2007” Philippine Expedition. The new species differs from its congeners by the following combination of characters: dorsal-fin elements III, 21; anal-fin elements I, 14; gill rakers on first arch 35–38; cheek with 80–86 scales in 7–8 rows; lateral line without branch, not forming loop in front of dorsal-fin, ending below 17th to 22th dorsal-fin soft rays; oblique body scale rows in mid-lateral series 54–58; lower margin of preopercle rounded; prominent black blotch on anterior dorsal-fin membrane, and extend downward to dorsal-fin base, remaining membrane of dorsal, anal, and caudal fins red with white margins and bases, distinct white stripes on mid dorsal and caudal fin membranes; membranes between maxillary and premaxillary with discontinuous black stripes or patches.
A new species of gobiid fish Lentipes niasensis (Gobiidae: Sicydiinae) from Nias Island, Indonesia
Authors: HAREFA TONISMAN , CHEN I-SHIUNG
Published: September 2022

A new species of goby of the subfamily Sicydiinae, Lentipes niasensis, is described from the stream of Humogo River, Nias Island, Indonesia. This species can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of features: (1) fin ray counts: D2 I/10; A I/10; P 17–18; D1 not connected to D2 in either sex. (2) squamation: LR 7–11; anterior half of body naked, lateral body scales present from 5–6th rays of second dorsal-fin to hypural, embedded in skin. (3) upper jaw teeth in male 14–19 and in female 33–38. (4) urogenital papilla in male slender and distally pointed, flanked by pair of associated fleshy lobes and not retractable into sheath–like groove. (5) distinctive colour pattern of male: upper lip greyish, red patches on the pectoral-fin base, on mid-body below origin of second dorsal-fin and at caudal peduncle.
Redescription of the longnose houndshark Iago garricki (Carcharhiniformes: Triakidae), based on specimens recently collected from the South China Sea
Authors: NG SHING-LAI , HO HSUAN-CHING , LIU KWANG-MING , JOUNG SHOOU-JENG
Published: September 2022

The longnose houndshark, Iago garricki Fourmanoir & Rivaton 1979, was described based on five specimens collected from Vanuatu. Five additional specimens were recently collected from the waters off Dongsha Atoll, South China Sea. A redescription of this species is provided based on the holotype, non-types collected near the type locality and off Dongsha Atoll. The species is characterized by eye length larger than gill slit height; first dorsal-fin origin not reaching a vertical line through pectoral-fin base; head length 20.2–22.2% TL; preoral length 7.2–8.3% TL; upper labial furrow 2.2–3.4% TL; lateral teeth with 1–3 small cusplets on lateral side basally; diplospondylous centra 53–61; precaudal centra 94–102; and total centra 149–157. The specimens collected from the South China Sea represent the northernmost distributional record of this species.
Correlation Analysis between Precipitation and Precipitable Water Vapor over China Based on 1999–2015 Ground-Based GPS Observations
Authors: Zhang Zhixuan , Lou Yidong , Zhang Weixing , Liang Hong , Bai Jingna , Song Weiwei
Published: September 2022

Correlation analysis between precipitable water vapor (PWV) and precipitation over China was conducted by combining high-quality PWV data based on 1999–2015 ground-based global positioning system (GPS) observations with the measurements at matched meteorological stations in the same period. The mean correlation coefficient at all the stations is approximately 0.73, indicating that there is a significant positive correlation between PWV content and precipitation measurements, and the comparison of correlation among different climate types suggests that the distribution characteristics of the correlation coefficients are distinctively related to different climate types. There is also some positive correlation between PWV and precipitation long-term trends, with the correlation coefficients of monthly anomalies ranging generally from 0.2 to 0.6. Furthermore, the intensity of both PWV and precipitation extremes shows a long-term upward trend overall, with the most-intense events showing more significant increases. The extreme precipitation–temperature scaling rate of changes can reach above Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) scaling, whereas that of the extreme PWV-temperature is sub-CC overall, with regional differences in the specific scaling values. The correlation analysis in this work is of great significance for long-term climate analysis and extreme weather understanding, which provides a valuable reference for better utilizing the advantages of PWV data to carry out the studies above.

Significance Statement

Atmospheric water vapor is crucial to the climate system, especially in the context of global warming, and accurate knowledge of the correlation between precipitable water vapor (PWV) and precipitation is of great significance for long-term climate analysis and extreme precipitation weather forecasting. We take full advantage of the long-term homogeneity of ground-based GPS to conduct long-term correlation analysis between GPS-derived PWV and precipitation over China. Results show a significant positive correlation between them, and the degree of correlation is related to different climate types. The correlation of monthly anomalies is also positive, and, over the long-term, both water vapor and precipitation extremes have been increasing in intensity, with more significant increases occurring in the most-intense events. Extreme precipitation might increase beyond thermodynamic expectations, whereas PWV increases below expectations.
Explicitly Modeling the Effects of Cloud Condensation Nuclei on Warm Rain Initiation
Authors: Zeng Xiping , Li Xiaowen
Published: September 2022

A bin (or spectral) model is developed to investigate the sensitivity of warm rain initiation to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). It explicitly represents CCN with a formula whose parameters come from the Twomey relationship (or CCN measurements). By seamlessly integrating CCN activation and drop collection with thousands of bins, the model can replicate the effect of CCN on rain initiation, providing a benchmark to test the process parameterizations in rain initiation. The model is used to simulate two extreme cases with CCN parameters of maritime and continental clouds, respectively, where other actual cases usually lie between these two extreme cases. Its simulations show that rain can initiate within half an hour or less as observed in cumulus clouds. The fast rain initiation modeled is attributed mainly to a new process: the condensational conversion of cloud drops to raindrops via collision–coalescence initiators (or drops with radius between 28 and 100 μm). Since the new process is more important in rain initiation than the autoconversion of cloud drops to raindrops when large CCN exist, it is suggested that the process be parameterized into the weather and climate models to better represent CCN and subsequently remove the common bias of “too dense clouds.”

Significance Statement

The current weather and climate models represent aerosols via implicit parameterizations and have a bias of “too dense clouds.” Their implicit parameterizations of aerosols usually overlook (or misrepresent) some cloud processes. In this paper and its preceding part (Zeng and Li 2020) we proposed a new framework to explicitly parameterize one subset of aerosols: cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). To embody an explicit parameterization of CCN, we still need quantitative information to connect CCN activation and rain initiation, which motivates this study. In the study we developed an accurate microphysical model to simulate the growth of small CCN to large raindrops, providing information on the sensitivity of rain initiation to CCN. We performed many sensitivity simulations and found the condensational conversion of cloud drops to raindrops via collision–coalescence initiators is a vital process in warm rain initiation. Since the process has been overlooked by all the weather and climate models, the study suggests that the process be introduced in the weather and climate models to properly represent the fast warm rain initiation observed and subsequently remove the bias of “too dense clouds.”
The Influence of Demographic and Place Variables on Personalized Tornado Risk Area
Authors: Sherman-Morris Kathleen , Vaughn Cole , Senkbeil Jason C. , Wooten Stephen
Published: September 2022

Although there is clear evidence that proximity to a tornado or forecast tornado increases an individual’s risk perception, the specific relationships between risk personalization and spatial variables are unclear. It has also been established that one’s own evaluation of distance does not always match objective measurement. This study sought to explain the differences in the distance at which an individual would personalize the risk from a tornado across personally relevant geospatial factors such as the distance between places frequented (e.g., home and work), urban/rural classification of the area, and the length of residence in the county. A survey of 1023 respondents across eight states (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Tennessee) was used to obtain risk personalization distances, which were distinguished as “worry distances” (the distances at which one would worry about their house or loved ones, or take protective action) and “confirmation distances” (the distances at which one would expect to see, hear, or feel the effects of a tornado). We found that individuals who traveled greater distances and traveled more frequently to the grocery store and another location, those who self-defined their area as urban, and those with advanced degrees had increased risk personalization distances. Lengthier residency in the county influenced these distances as well. Future research is required to better comprehend the relationship of place, risk perception, and geographic mobility on protective action when a tornado occurs.

Significance Statement

Greater tornado risk personalization distances were associated with self-defining as urban, having an advanced degree, and driving farther and more frequently to the grocery store and to another location. Longer length of residence was associated with shorter risk personalization distances. With rural participants expressing shorter tornado risk personalization distances, warning communicators with the ability to tailor messages to multiple communities may wish to adjust messages no the basis of whether they are targeted to rural communities or to urban communities.
A two-stage multi-attribute group consensus model based on distributed linguistic assessment information from the perspective of fairness concern
Authors: Zhang Shanli , Zhang Shitao , Ma Zhenzhen , Liu Xiaodi
Published: September 2022

The consensus reaching process (CRP) is a key step in group decision-making (GDM), in which reaching a satisfactory consensus often requires certain costs, such as time, money, and effort. Moreover, benefits from the CRP are often compared among decision-makers, which raises fairness issues. Given these, this paper comprehensively considers these two factors in linguistic GDM modeling. Aiming at the problem of multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) under distributed linguistic assessment (DLA) information, a two-stage group consensus model that considers psychological behaviors with fairness concern is proposed. Subsequently, the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model are illustrated by a case of selecting emergency material warehouses related to urban flood disasters. The main innovations and contributions of this paper are as follows. (a) The psychology of individual fairness concern is integrated into the MAGDM process with DLA information. (b) The DLA-based two-stage group consensus model, including the first-stage consensus model with maximum fairness satisfaction degree and the second-stage consensus model with minimum cost, is developed. Compared with the existing consensus models for distributed linguistic MAGDM, the proposed consensus model can not only improve the consensus level on the opinions with minimum cost but also promote the fairness satisfaction degree of decision-makers.
Distributive politics as behavioral localism: Evidence from a vignette experiment in Hungary
Authors: Kovarek Daniel
Published: September 2022

Recent literature on friends-and-neighbors voting focused on explaining citizens’ motives behind supporting local candidates; the cue-based account suggests that local ties signal accountability, constituency service orientation, and policy representation. Localism was also posited to serve as a cue for distributive politics, but assumptions of voters making inferences about receiving tangible benefits once a politician from their own stock is elected were not corroborated empirically. Drawing on a survey experiment ( N = 2000) fielded in Hungary, the paper provides a test of pork barrel politics and clientelism serving as manifestations of behavioral localism; that is, if voters formulate expectations of politicians engaging in aforementioned practices based on their local roots. Respondents in treatment and control group were shown the same candidate profile, fictive politicians differing only in their local roots. Results demonstrate that respondents who were told that the candidate was born and living in their hometown were more likely to believe that the politician will “bring home the bacon” as opposed to those confronted with a randomly selected Hungarian settlement as the candidate’s birthplace and residence. Findings refine our understanding of friends-and-neighbors voting, as well as voters’ expectations about likely non-programmatic behavior of elected candidates.
Enasidenib as maintenance following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation for IDH2-mutated myeloid malignancies
Authors: Fathi Amir T. , Kim Haesook T. , Soiffer Robert J. , Levis Mark J. , Li Shuli , Kim Annette S. , Mims Alice S. , DeFilipp Zachariah , El-Jawahri Areej , McAfee Steven L. , Brunner Andrew M. , Narayan Rupa , Knight Laura W. , Kelley Devon , Bottoms AJ S. , Perry Lindsey H. , Wahl Jonathan L. , Brock Jennifer , Breton Elayne , Ho Vincent T. , Chen Yi-Bin
Published: September 2022

IDH2 (isocitrate dehydrogenase 2) mutations occur in approximately 15% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The IDH2 inhibitor enasidenib was recently approved for IDH2-mutated relapsed or refractory AML. We conducted a multi-center, phase I trial of maintenance enasidenib following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) in patients with IDH2-mutated myeloid malignancies. Two dose levels, 50mg and 100mg daily were studied in a 3 × 3 dose-escalation design, with 10 additional patients treated at the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D). Enasidenib was initiated between days 30 and 90 following HCT and continued for twelve 28-day cycles. Twenty-three patients were enrolled, of whom 19 initiated post-HCT maintenance. Two had myelodysplastic syndrome, and 17 had AML. All but 3 were in first complete remission. No dose limiting toxicities were observed, and the RP2D was established at 100mg daily. Attributable grade ≥3 toxicities were rare, with the most common being cytopenias. Eight patients stopped maintenance before completing 12 cycles, due to adverse events (n=3), pursuing treatment for graft-vs-host disease (GVHD) (n=2), clinician choice (n=1), relapse (n=1), and COVID infection (n=1). No cases of grade ≥3 acute GVHD were seen, and 12-month cumulative incidence of moderate/severe chronic GVHD was 42% (20-63%). Cumulative incidence of relapse was 16% (95% CI: 3.7-36%); 1 subject relapsed while receiving maintenance. Two-year progression-free and overall survival were 69% (95% CI: 39-86%) and 74% (95% CI, 44-90%), respectively. Enasidenib is safe, well-tolerated, with preliminary activity as maintenance therapy following HCT, and merits additional study. The study was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov (#NCT03515512).
Ontario family physicians’ perspectives about their scope of practice: what is it, what drives it and how does it change?
Authors: Myles Sophia M. , Wenghofer Elizabeth F. , Ellaway Rachel H. , Yeo Michael T.
Published: September 2022

Background

There is little evidence to show what scope of practice (SOP) means from the point of view of family physicians, how family physicians think about their SOP as it changes over time, or what factors shape and influence their SOP. Understanding family physician perspectives on SOP and the factors that influence it can aid our understanding of how it can constrain and enable physicians’ agency and autonomy in professional practice.

Methods

Using qualitative description and incorporating constructivist grounded theory data collection and analysis techniques, four focus groups were conducted involving twenty-four Ontario-based family physicians from different contexts, at different career stages, and with different practice experiences.

Results

Participants’ SOP was highly dynamic, changing throughout their careers due to factors both within and beyond their control. Their sense of their own SOP was the product of a continuous cycle of personal and professional transitions, exposures, and experiences throughout their careers. These family physicians sought regular and sustained mentorship, support, and engagement for their SOP throughout their careers. This was particularly the case during professional transitions and for drivers of their SOP for which they felt unprepared early in their careers, such as through the first years of independent practice, and when functioning as owner-operators of medical practices. Four descriptive themes were identified focusing on the nature of their current practice, their professional preparedness and supports, practice management dynamics, and ‘doctors are people, too’.

Conclusions

The SOP of the family physicians in this study was dynamic and unique to each individual, it emerged from interactions between their personal and professional lives and identities, and it was embedded in their lived experiences. SOP was also to some extent imposed and externally driven. This study advances understanding by exploring the ‘why’ and ‘how’ of SOP rather than focusing solely on what it is.