bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ofsted: a problem in search of a solution
Authors: Bousted Mary
Published: September 2020

Established in 1992, Ofsted is championed by government ministers as the guardian of educational standards in schools and colleges. Ofsted has never produced any research on the validity of its inspection judgements. Ofsted has no evidence, other than rising percentages of schools being
awarded positive Ofsted grades, to support its assertion that inspection 'raises standards and improves lives'. Questions are increasingly being asked about the extent to which Ofsted judgements are a fair reflection on the quality of education provided by schools serving disadvantaged pupil
intakes. The very poor teacher retention rates in early career lead to further questions about the extent to which Ofsted increases teacher workload and stress. Ofsted's attempts to react to criticism of its practices and outcomes have led to the agency adopting multiple inspection frameworks
in a short period of time. There is no evidence, to date, that Ofsted has found adequate solutions to the serious problems its inspection practices and outcomes have with regard to standards of education in English schools.
Ankle Joint Cooling did not but Knee Joint Cooling altered the Quadriceps and Gastrocnemius Neuromuscular Activation During a Single-leg Drop Jump
Authors: Park Jihong , Song Kyeongtak , Lee Sae Yong , Ryu Hohyung
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE: We examined the immediate effect on ankle or knee joint cooling on the lower-extremity activation during a single-leg drop jump.METHODS: Twenty healthy adults randomly completed three data collection sessions (a 20-minute ankle or knee joint cooling, or control). Two wireless surface electromyography (EMG, 2,000 Hz) electrodes were attached over the vastus medialis (VM) and the medial gastrocnemius (MG) on their right limb. Subjects were asked to drop down from a wooden box (a 30-cm height) on their right foot onto the force platform (2,000 Hz) and then performed an immediate jump as high as they could. Whole EMG signals (normalised by the mean EMG value recorded during a reference position) within the preactivation (100-ms prior to contact) and the ground contact (on the force platform) during the drop jump task were analysed using functional linear models(p=.05, Cohen’s d effect size: ES).RESULTS: After knee joint cooling, (1) the VM activation was decreased during the ground contact (6 to 14%, 30 to 45%, 60 to 90% for ES of 0.50, 0.47, and 0.61, respectively) and (2) the MG activation was increased during the preactivation (84- to 29-ms prior to initial contact, ES=1.30) and the ground contact (59 to 100%, ES=1.40). No changes were observed under the condition of ankle joint cooling or control.CONCLUSIONS: A 20-minute unilateral knee joint cooling may result in an ipsilateral quadriceps inhibition during a drop jump task. The gastrocnemius appears to increase activation as a compensatory strategy responding to the quadriceps inhibition. The altered neuromuscular activations do not seem to put an individual at risk of injury, resulting from compressive forces in the sagittal plane.
Effects of Combined Exercise on Frailty index, Carotid Artery Beta-Stiffness, and Distensibility in Pre-frail Older Adults Women
Authors: Jang Yung-Jung , Kim Tea-Kyu , Park Jin-Kee
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE: We studied the effects of combined exercise (CE) on frailty index, physical function, carotid artery (CA) distensibility, and beta-stiffness in pre-frailty older women.METHODS: A total of 27 pre-frailty older women (aged 70.6±4.0 years), who were divided into a control group (n=13) and a supervised CE group (n=14). The 12-week CE program (resistance and aerobic exercise) consisted of sessions 50 minutes in length 3 days per week under the supervision of an exercise specialist. Frailty index, blood pressure, physical function, and CA function were assessed.RESULTS: Frailty status showed a significantly (p=.001) group×time interaction. Also, physical activity (p=.019), walking speed (p=.049), and right grip strength (p=.040) showed a significantly group×time interaction. In the CE group, physical activity, walking speed, and right grip strength were significantly (p=.001, p<.001, p<.001) increased, and frailty state was significantly (p<.001) decreased 12-week. Left CA distensibility (p=.032), and beta-stiffness (p=.033) showed a significantly group×time interaction. In the CE group, CA distensibility was significantly (p<.05) increased, and CA beta-stiffness was significantly (p<.01) decreased after 12-week.CONCLUSIONS: In pre-frail older adult women, CE effectively improves frailty index, CA stiffness, and distensibility.
Effects of Static Apnea Training on Pulmonary Function, Blood Lactate Response and Exercise Performance of Elite Swimmers
Authors: Son Heejeong , Jeon Yunah , Kim Hyosik
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of training on improvement in pulmonary function and swimming performance by implementing static apnea training for 4 weeks in elite male swimmers.METHODS: Twenty elite swimmers were divided into two groups, the apnea training group (Apnea, n=11) and the control group (control, n=9). Each swimmer received identical swimming and ground training for 4 weeks. The apnea group performed 10 sets of breathholding a day additionally. In all participants, the pulmonary function tests [forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1)] were evaluated. The blood lactate level was also measured after each swimmer completed swimming 5 laps.RESULTS: After 4 weeks of static apnea training, the FVC of the apnea group significantly increased (p=.008), whereas the FEV1/FVC ratio did not change. Breath-holding time increased significantly after apnea training (p=.001). There were no significant differences between the groups in the 50-m time trial records. However, the apnea group show a significant difference at the 4th (p=.013) and 5th trial (p=.023). The blood lactate levels after the 50-m trial was not significantly different between the groups, but the levels in the apnea group showed a significant increase in the results of the 2nd trial compared to those before apnea training (p=.008).CONCLUSIONS: The results of our study reveal that static apnea training improves pulmonary function, in contrast to a few time trials that show varying differences in swimming records and blood lactate levels. These results warrant a review of the training protocol to evaluate the effect on performance. In conclusion, static apnea training is a potential exercise that can improve performance in competitive sports.
The effects of Acute Resistance Exercise Intensity on Pain Perception and Muscle Mechanical Properties of Taekwondo Athletes
Authors: Jang Jong-Oh , Kim Eon-Ho , Lee Bo-Geun , Kwak Tae-Jin , Lee Yun-Bin , Lee Jin-Seok
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of acute resistance exercise intensity on pain perception, muscle mechanical properties, oxygen saturation (OS) and lactate in taekwondo athletes.METHODS: A total of 21 national and university taekwondo athletes participated in the study. The participants were randomly classified into 70% of one repetition maximum (1 RM) (70% group, n=7), 30% of 1 RM (30% group, n=7), and 30% all-out group of 1 RM (30%A group, n=7). We measured resting pain perception, muscle mechanical properties, lactate, heart rate (HR) and OS, and those were measured immediately after exercise (IAE), 5- and 15-minute after recovery according to exercise intensity.RESULTS: The 70% group showed that heat pain threshold (HPT) became numerically sensitive IAE compared to rest. Pain visual analog scale (VAS) and HR increased significantly IAE compared to rest, and lactate increased significantly IAE, 5- and 15-minute after exercise compared to rest, respectively. Dynamic stiffness (DS) decreased significantly in 15-minute after the exercise compared to IAE. In 30% group case, pain VAS and HR increased significantly IAE compared to rest, and lactate increased significantly IAE, 5- and 15-minute after exercise compared to rest, respectively. DS decreased significantly in 15-minute after the exercise compared to IAE. The 30%A group showed that pain VAS and HR increased significantly IAE compared to rest. Lactate increased significantly IAE, 5-and 15-minute after exercise compared to rest, respectively. DS decreased significantly in immediately and 5-minute after the exercise compared to rest, respectively. Frequency increased IAE compared to rest.CONCLUSIONS: HPT, pain VAS, lactate, HR, and OS were found to be no difference between resistance exercise intensity. The intensity of 1 RM 30% all-out has been shown to contribute to muscle-adaptation effects of resistance exercise by further increasing muscle tension and dynamic stiffness as much as 70% of 1 RM.
Comparison of Shoulder Neuromuscular Control in Overhead Athletes with and without Shoulder Hypermobility
Authors: Kang Sungwoo , Kim Kwanglae
Published: September 2020

PURPOSE: A wider range of motion of shoulder joint is necessary for explosive throwing performance and the increase of the range of motion by repetitive throwing is inevitable. The wide range of motion is related with the instability of the joint. Neuromuscular control plays an essential role in stabilizing the joint. However, when the joint becomes hypermobile, how neuromuscular control was affected was not clear. The purpose of this study was to compare shoulder neuromuscular control of overhead shoulder athletes and identify the influence of hypermobility on it.METHODS: Total 24 subjects (hypermobility group (HMG); 12 athletes, normal range group (CON); 12 athletes) were recruited in this research. To assess shoulder neuromuscular functions, joint position sense (JPS), the threshold of detection to passive motion (TTDPM), and force reproduction (FR) were measured.RESULTS: In active JPS at HMG was greater than CON at the 90% target angle, (p<.05). In passive JPS, HMG showed lower JPS compared to CON at the 50% target angle (p<.05). In FR, HMG was lower than CON in internal rotation (p<.05). In relationship test, hypermobility was negatively correlated with active JPS (p<.05).CONCLUSIONS: It was found that the hypermobile shoulder has greater neuromuscular control compared normal range shoulder to compensate for the hypermobility and active sub-system plays a crucial role in the neuromuscular control of the shoulder joint. Thus, it is recommended that neuromuscular training should be considered in training program for overhead athletes with hypermobile shoulder.
Reconstrução digital para documentação do patrimônio: o caso do edifício Vilanova Artigas
Authors: GALLO JÚNIOR FÁBIO , VERGILLI RODRIGO ANGELO CAMPAGNER , OLIVEIRA CLAUDIA TEREZINHA DE ANDRADE
Published: September 2020

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar e discutir a abordagem adotada para a elaboração de modelos digitais (construtivo e estrutural) do edifício Vilanova Artigas, enfocando acepções, usos e limitações de vários modelos e dos métodos de levantamento de dados. A reconstrução digital do edifício e de suas partes foi feita com base em levantamento topográfico convencional com estação total, varredura a laser associada à fotogrametria, levantamento métrico por meio de instrumentos manuais e análise visual associada ao registro fotográfico. O processo de modelagem, por meio da integração de vários métodos, permitiu unificar dados históricos, de análises laboratoriais e de ensaios in loco, possibilitando a classificação e o registro de informações de utilidade para o futuro plano de gestão da conservação desse patrimônio. A concepção de um modelo único mostrou-se inviável. A especialidade requer dados específicos para suas análises, que podem recorrer inclusive a diferentes delimitações geométricas (modelagens) das partes constituintes do edifício. Propõe-se como ponto de partida a concepção de modelo simplificado com o objetivo de delimitar genericamente a geometria da edificação e, em seguida, cada especialidade se valeria dessas informações preliminares para concepção do modelo que melhor atenda aos seus objetivos.
A estratégia territorial da Colônia Militar do Itapura: legado urbano e arquitetônico
Authors: GHIRARDELLO NILSON , FERRARI DANIEL CANDELORO
Published: September 2020

RESUMO Em meados do século XIX o governo imperial empregou um plano de ocupação do território nacional através da criação de colônias militares. Assim, a fundação desses estabelecimentos por todo o império vincula-se aos problemas relacionados ao controle e domínio social, numa época em que a manutenção da integridade territorial e, simultaneamente, uma perspectiva de expansão das fronteiras colocaram-se como sendo das mais emergenciais entre as tarefas das elites políticas. Itapura e Avanhandava foram as duas colônias criadas na província de São Paulo e herdaram o topônimo de seus locais estratégicos de implantação - os saltos no Rio Tietê. O presente trabalho tem como propósito estudar a colônia militar do Itapura em seu aspecto espacial-construtivo. O objetivo é analisar o material textual e cartográfico da colônia, documentação coletada em arquivos públicos, principalmente plantas e projetos, trazendo à luz tal fonte primária. Dessa forma, com clara intenção de planejamento urbanístico, demonstra-se um ideal que estava muito além de demarcar e ocupar a região: o intuito era construir em meio à mata fechada e às margens do Rio Tietê uma cidade projetada, inicialmente de caráter militar e agrícola, que seria a semente de futuro núcleo civil. Além disso, ao compararem-se as plantas da colônia do século XIX com as imagens de suas ruínas, fotografadas pela Comissão Geográfica e Geológica de São Paulo no início no século XX, verifica-se a exuberância arquitetônica de suas construções e a qualidade urbanística de seu plano considerado inovador para a época.
Brasília e suas unidades rurais: planos e projetos para o território do Distrito Federal entre fins da década de 1950 e início da década de 1960
Authors: DERNTL MARIA FERNANDA
Published: September 2020

RESUMO A crítica à nova capital do Brasil inaugurada em 1960 concentrou-se na arquitetura e no traçado do Plano Piloto concebido por Lucio Costa, mas não deixou de apontar uma suposta ausência de planos para integrar aquele núcleo original ao território onde se inseriu. A partir de uma documentação inédita, compreendendo planos e projetos para organizar o sistema de abastecimento e a indústria em Brasília entre fins da década de 1950 e início da década de 1960, este artigo demonstra, porém, que houve um significativo esforço no sentido de um planejamento regional do Distrito Federal. A análise mostra ainda que a elaboração daqueles planos foi tributária de uma contínua preocupação com o abastecimento da capital expressa desde fins do século 19 e identifica suas relações com ideias e experiências correntes no campo do planejamento urbano e regional em meados do século 20.
Estratégia Saúde da Família e determinantes para o tratamento diretamente observado da tuberculose no Brasil: estudo transversal com dados do sistema de vigilância, 2014-2016
Authors: Cola João Paulo , Prado Thiago Nascimento do , Sales Carolina Maia Martins , Maciel Ethel Leonor Noia
Published: September 2020

Objetivo. Analisar a associação entre determinantes da tuberculose e a realização do tratamento diretamente observado (TDO), sob diferentes níveis de cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) no Brasil. Métodos. Estudo transversal, com dados dos casos de tuberculose notificados no Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação entre 2014 e 2016, e da cobertura da Estratégia Saúde da Família no município de residência. Empregou-se regressão logística. Resultados. Foram incluídos 177.626 indivíduos; ser etilista (odds ratio [OR] de 1,09 – intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] de 1,03 a 1,16), estar privado de liberdade (OR=1,21 – IC95% 1,12;1,32) e apresentar baciloscopia positiva (OR=1,15 – IC95% 1,10;1,21) aumentaram as chances de realização do TDO. Quando estratificadas por cobertura da ESF, essas associações viram-se enfraquecidas no maior estrato de cobertura. Conclusão. A realização do TDO associou-se a determinantes da tuberculose; contudo, a associação não se confirmou entre residentes de municípios com maiores coberturas da ESF.
Sustainable bio-based earth mortar with self-healing capacity
Authors: Romano Abbie , Mohammed Hazha , Torres de Sande Veronica , Bras Ana
Published: September 2020

This paper describes the hygrothermal and mechanical properties and self-healing capacity of a sustainable bio-based mortar repair system for earth construction. There is currently limited characterisation of materials that directly compare earth, bio-fibres and self-healing behaviour. Additionally, the thermal performance of self-healing materials has been under-researched. Both prismatic and 0.1 m × 0.1 m samples were cast with plain mixes, saw mill residue (SMR), straw, wool and wood pellets. Executing both structural and hygrothermal experimentation provided an indication of the performance and durability of the samples. The bio-based agent added to the bio-based composite consisted of bacteria. Adding the bio-based agent to an earth matrix with (wheat) straw, (sheep) wool, SMR and wood pellets showed promising results for the hygric properties, as the initial water adsorption and absorption were lessened. The thermal conductivity was reduced from 0.32 to 0.23 W/m.K when bio-based agents were combined into the earth-based mix design with SMR. Overall, it is evident that out of all ten mix designs, bio-SMR provided the best environmental conditions for the bio-agent.
Solidify/stabilise a heavy metal-contaminated soil using a novel steel slag-based binder
Authors: Feng Ya-Song , Zhou Shi-Ji , Xia Wei-Yi , Du Yan-Jun
Published: September 2020

Basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) is an alternative to cement due to its similar mineral compositions. However, the low reaction activity of BOFS limits its application in the solidification/stabilisation of contaminated soils. This study presented a systematic investigation on the performance of monopotassium phosphate (MKP)-activated BOFS to solidify/stabilise a mixed lead (Pb)-, zinc (Zn)- and cadmium (Cd)-contaminated site soil. The activation mechanisms of BOFS and immobilisation mechanisms of heavy metals were explored by measurement of pH, specific surface area and X-ray diffraction analysis on binder pastes. Furthermore, the solidified/stabilised soils were subjected to a toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, unconfined compression tests, a sequential extraction procedure and acid neutralisation capacity tests. The results showed that the specific surface area of the MKP-activated BOFS was much higher than that of the un-activated BOFS. The formation of hydroxide precipitates, ion exchange of hydroxyapatite and absorptivity and encapsulation of calcium silicate hydrates were the primary immobilisation mechanisms of heavy metals. The addition of the MKP-activated BOFS significantly decreased leachability and improved soil strength, compared to that of the non-activated BOFS. With MKP activation, the BOFS could transform more amounts of heavy metals from soluble fraction to stable fraction and improve the acid neutralisation capacity of the solidified/stabilised soil.
Thermal and mechanical properties of gypsum sandwich-panels with phase change material
Authors: Imani Niloofar , Madhkhan Morteza
Published: September 2020

Energy deficiency and environmental pollution are always the most significant issues that researchers confront. One of the solutions for economising on energy consumption in structures is to use phase change materials (PCMs) in elements such as wallboards, roofs and floors. PCMs have good thermal characteristics such as high fusion heat, large latent heat capacity, solid–liquid phase change and they are also eco-friendly. In this research, PEG600 was used as a PCM in gypsum sandwich-panels with thicknesses of 7 and 10 cm and a PCM ratio of 10 and 15%wt. Gypsum/PEG600 sandwich-panels were constructed in three types – standard, hollow-core and macro-encapsulated. They were tested using apparatus under the thermal conditions of two different cities, to measure the maximum reduction of the specimens’ inner side temperature, the time delay to reach the maximum daily temperature and the amount of reduction in temperature, comparing different ratios of integrating PEG600 into gypsum panels. Macro-encapsulated sandwich-panels performed better. These reduced the maximum daily temperature by up to 5.7°C; this amount was 5.6°C and 3.4°C for standard and hollow-core specimens, respectively. The compressive and flexural strengths of gypsum/PEG600 panels reduced with an increasing PEG600 ratio.
Real-Time Obstacle Avoidance Based on Floor Detection for Mobile Robots
Authors: HİÇDURMAZ Adem , TUNCER Adem
Published: September 2020

Obstacle detection and avoidance are two main problems that demand solutions in the autonomous movement of mobile robots. To this end, the robots have been equipped with sensors and cameras. This study proposes a new method that allows mobile robots to move freely without any collision in an uncertain (i.e., both static and dynamic) workspace by processing images taken using a real-time webcam. In the study, a robot was allowed to move depending on the visibility and suitability of the floor in the images. These steps were repeated for each new image and, furthermore, the images were segmented based on an adaptive threshold obtained by calculating the statistical parameters. This segmentation was aimed to separate the floor from other areas in the study. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method is extremely successful to separate the floor from other regions and has a low cost and flexible method for obstacle avoidance.
Theoretical and Experimental Comparison of Micro-hardness and Bulk Modulus of Orthorhombic YBa2Cu3-xZnxO Superconductor Nanoparticles Manufactured using Sol-Gel Method
Authors: AŞIKUZUN Elif , ÖZTÜRK Özgür
Published: September 2020

In the present study, the sol-gel method was preferred for the production of superconductor materials since it is known that the sol-gel method is useful in producing nanoparticles. The Zn (Zinc) doped YBCO-123 superconductor samples (YBa2Cu3-xZnxO) were produced. The main objective in the present study was to examine the effects of both of Zn doping and sol-gel method, which was chosen as the production method, on the structural, electrical, and mechanical properties of Y-123 superconductor materials. Especially, the effects of the nanoparticles and doping on the mechanical properties of materials were discussed over the bulk modulus. It was aimed to obtain information about the mechanical properties by comparing the bulk modules calculated theoretically and experimentally. Besides that, the XRD, SEM, and resistivity measurements were performed in order to characterize the structural and electrical properties.
Sustainable Maintenance Strategy for Wood Windows Defects
Authors: EREN Özlem , OKUMUŞ Emine Merve
Published: September 2020

Regular maintenance and repair of window systems in the existing building stock provide both resource and energy savings. While planning the maintenance strategy of window systems that offer benefit in terms of two different aspects, first of all, the possible damage types should be known. Then, what is the damage to the scope of this study? The question was investigated, and the causes and types of defects in the wooden windows were listed. The proposed maintenance planning method is based on 5 tools. The tools that can be used for maintenance planning are listed in the literature. First, the defect levels of the wood windows were specified and then the AHP method was used to select among the alternative maintenance according to the severity of the defect. The study was planned according to the 6 Sigma tool. Firstly, the causes of the defects were investigated and then these defects were evaluated by assigning numbers to each defect by experts. Finally, the AHP method was used to select the right alternative among proposed maintenance alternatives according to the level of defects. By using this simple method while choosing the window maintenance strategy according to the demands, wrong decision-making will be prevented.
Estimations of Cross-Sections for Photonuclear Reaction on Calcium Isotopes by Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: AKKOYUN Serkan , KAYA Hüseyin
Published: September 2020

The nuclear reaction induced by photon is one of the important tools in the investigation of atomic nuclei. In the reaction, a target material is bombarded by photons with high-energies in the range of gamma-ray energy range. In the bombarding process, the photons can statistically be absorbed by a nucleus in the target material. Then the excited nucleus can decay by emitting proton, neutron, alpha and light particles or photons. By performing photonuclear reaction on the target, it can be easily investigated low-lying excited states of the nuclei. In the present work, (γ, n) photonuclear reaction cross-sections on different calcium isotopes have been estimated by using artificial neural network method. The method is a mathematical model that mimics the brain functionality of the creatures. The correlation coefficient values of the method for both training and test phases being 0.99 indicate that the method is very suitable for this purpose.
Design of Heat Pipe Assisted Thermoelectric Generator and Experimental Investigaton of the Power Performance
Authors: İSLAMOĞLU Yaşar , TAYMAZ İmdat , PARMAKSIZOĞLU Cem , ÖZSOY Murat , ASLAN Erman
Published: September 2020

A thermoelectric generator system has a potential to transform waste heat into electricity. Equate to other technologies of waste heat recover, usage of thermoelectric generators (TEGs) in a waste heat recovery system has many attractive features, for example quite operation, no moving parts, small size and endurance In addition to, thermoelectric generators are environmentally friendly materials that convert thermal energy directly into electricity by Seebeck effect.
In work presented, a heat pipe assisted thermoelectric generator system is designed to generate electricity from the waste heat. Usage of heat pipes can latently decrease the thermal resistance and pressure losses in the system as well as temperature regulation of the TEGs and enhanced design flexibility. The designed system is suitable for the heat recovery from the piped systems such as the exhaust and the cylindrical chimney systems.
The power performance of the designed thermoelectric generator system has been determined both theoretically and experimentally.
Determination of Coverage Oscillation for Inclined Communication Satellite
Authors: ÖZ İbrahim , YILMAZ Ümit Cezmi
Published: September 2020

The communication engineers need to evaluate footprint movement to deploy a ground station. Geostationary communication satellite’s inclination angle causes the movement of a satellite footprint. The calculation of the inclination angle requires complex astronomical knowledge and mathematical calculations. On the other hand, a satellite communication engineer does not need a very accurate inclination angle value to design a ground station for required service availability. We propose a practical method called trigonometric curve fitting for the inclination to solve the problem. The past and the future value of inclination can be evaluated by using the curve-fitting method. It is a simplified practical method and does not need advanced orbital dynamics knowledge. The orbit geometry and evaluated inclination angle are used for estimation of a coverage area movement. A satellite communication engineer can evaluate coverage area oscillation quickly and design a better link for an inclined orbit satellite by using the proposed method. We have evaluated the inclination angle of the communication satellite Sat-1 with the proposed method. Sat-1 spot beam movements and wide beam coverage area movements are estimated to obtain EIRP and G/T fluctuation for link budget purposes. The proposed method provides the results that are consistent with the results of measurements and the results of satellite operators’ professional tools.
Determining the Factors that Influence the Effectiveness of the Health Sector in the OECD Countries
Authors: TURAN Selin Ceren , CENGİZ Mehmet Ali
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that influence the effectiveness of the health sector by combining Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and Heuristic Algorithms methods. In accordance with this purpose, firstly, the health system efficiencies of 29 OECD countries are estimated by the SFA method. Within the scope of this study, it is also aimed to select the factors influencing the efficiency of the health systems in OECD countries by employing Heuristic Algorithm methods such as Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm, Genetic Algorithm, and Differential Evolution Algorithm. Furthermore, GLM’s such as Truncated, Normal, Gamma and Tweedie distributions are employed for comparisons.
Friction and Wear Properties of Glass Fiber Reinforced Polyphenylene Sulfide Composites
Authors: ÖZSOY Mehmet İskender , ESATOĞLU Levent
Published: September 2020

The aim of this study is the experimental investigate of wear and friction properties of polyphenylene sulfide polymer (PPS) and 20%, 30% and 40% by weight glass fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide composites. Tribological tests were done by pin-on-disc test configuration. The disc material is AISI 1040 steel. 50, 100, 200 N normal loads and 1, 2, 3 m/s speeds were applied to the test specimens. Adding fiber decreased the friction values and specific wear rates. Furthermore, increasing load decreased the friction coefficient but increased the specific wear rate, although increasing sliding speed increased both friction and specific wear rate.
Modelling of Remazol Black-B adsorption on chemically modified waste orange peel: pH shifting effect of acidic treatment
Authors: KARAMAN Ceren , AKSU Zümriye
Published: September 2020

The adsorption of Remazol Black-B (RBB) onto two different types of agricultural waste derived-adsorbents; dried-orange peel (DOP) and chemically modified orange peel (CMOP), was performed. The adsorption rate, capacity, and the dye removal efficiency were investigated in terms of initial pH ranged between 2.0 to 10.0 of the dispersion and the operating temperature of 25 °C, 35 °C, 45 °C . The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were applied to the experimental data to model the adsorption equilibrium, and evaluated by regression analysis. The results indicated that the Langmuir model was more suitable to describe the adsorption equilibrium of RBB over CMOP. According to Langmuir model, while the highest RBB uptake capacity of DOP was determined as 62.4 mg.g-1 at pH 2.0 and 25°C, this value was figured out for CMOP as 84.4 mg.g-1 at pH 8.0 and 45°C. Furthermore, the adsorption kinetics followed both the pseudo-second order and the saturation type kinetic models for each adsorbent-dye system. The thermodynamic parameters of adsorption including the Gibbs free energy change (ΔGo), the enthalpy change (ΔHo), and the entropy change (ΔSo) were obtained by using thermodynamic equations. These parameters were calculated as -4.24 kJ.mol-1, 43.77 kJ.mol-1, 0.16 kJ mol-1.K-1 for CMOP respectively whereas for DOP -3.58 kJ.mol-1,-19.79 kJ.mol-1, -0.05 kJ mol-1.K-1 .
The Role of Sodium Lauryl Sulfate on the Film Properties of Styrene-Butyl Acrylate-Acrylic Acid Copolymer Latex
Authors: EREN Bilge , SOLMAZ Yasemin
Published: September 2020

In this study, the concentration effect of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) as a surfactant in the synthesis of styrene/acrylic acid/butyl acrylate copolymer (SAC) latex particles via seeded emulsion polymerization technique was investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), minimum film-forming temperature (MFFT), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques were used to explain the change on physicochemical properties and morphology. The main goal is to determine an optimal surfactant concentration to obtain latexes with low MFFT. DLS studies showed that the particle size decreases 118.30 to 75.18 nm with the increase of SLS concentration. MFFT of latexes decreased with increasing SLS concentration. From the TGA curves, it was found that all the SAC latex particles exhibit a three-step decomposition process. The observed single Tg values for SAC particles showed that the latexes were prepared successfully.
Process Model Development of Lithium-ion Batteries — An Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy Simulation
Authors: EROL Salim
Published: September 2020

In this study, a simulation of an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for lithium-ion batteries was proposed. The electrochemical process was developed from battery electrode kinetics and mass transfer of mobile Li+ ions through negative and positive electrodes and electrolyte. The phenomena used in this process were represented by an equivalent electrical circuit. A mathematical model was designed using the equivalent circuit and its elements which are in fact battery parameters. The parameter values were presented as compared with real experimental impedance result. The results showed that the simulation and process development were in good agreement with the experimental data.
Experimental Investigation on Effect to the Specific Strength of FDM Fabrication Parameters Using Taguchi Method
Authors: İRİÇ Sedat
Published: September 2020

The Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) fabrication is commonly used printing technique, the reasons behind this are low consumable cost, simplicity of workflow and more reliable. The quality of the printed parts depends on various process variables such as part orientation, layer thickness, hotend and bed temperature, fabricating speed, infill pattern and infill density, number of top-bottom solid layers, number of shells etc. Literature suggests that infill density, number of shells and number of top-bottom solid layers are variables that changing the tensile strength under tension of 3D fabricated parts and also have effect on weight of the parts. This study focuses on effect of infill density (ID), number of shells (NS) and top-bottom solid layers (TBSL) on specific strength (strength/weight ratio). Taguchi L18 Orthogonal Array (OA) design is used to perform the experiments. 18 runs with 3 repeated specimens were printed according to the ASTM D638 Type I standard using different printing variables. According to the results, parameters increase of ID, NS and TBSL were seen to effect significant improvement in the specific strength increase. However, between 40-60% ID has negative effect to specific strength while NS and TBSL increase.
ETKİLEŞİMLİ TAHTA KULLANIMINA İLİŞKİN LİSE ÖĞRENCİ GÖRÜŞLERİNİN İNCELENMESİ: ANADOLU LİSESİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: DEMİR Ümit , DEMİR Didem
Published: September 2020

Bu araştırma, FATİH Projesi kapsamında ortaöğretim düzeyindeki okullarda kullanılmaya başlanan etkileşimli tahtalar ile ilgili olarak öğretim sürecinde kullanım düzeylerini ve bunun öğretim sürecine etkisini öğrencilerin bakış açısı ile ortaya çıkarmaktır. Veriler, Çanakkale ili merkezinde bulunan bir Anadolu Lisesi’nde öğrenimlerine devam etmekte olan 400 öğrenciden ölçek verileri toplanarak analiz edilmiş ve elde edilen bulgular kullanılabilirlik kavramının temel bileşenleri olan etkililik, verimlilik ve memnuniyet kavramları esas alınarak yorumlanmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında araştırmacı tarafından Etkileşimli Tahta Kullanıma dair öğrenci görüşlerini belirlemeye yönelik bir anket geliştirilmiş ve anketin α güvenilirlik katsayısı 0,90 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda öğrenciler etkileşimli tahta kullanımında son derece istekli olduklarını, etkileşimli tahta kullanılan derslere yönelik motivasyonlarının arttığını ve dersleri çok daha kolay öğrenmelerine olanak sağladığını belirtmişlerdir.
FloodLAMP Inactivation Protocol v3.1 v1
Authors: True Randy
Published: September 2020

The inactivation protocol uses a chemical plus heat to break open cells (including virus, if present) and preserve the RNA. The inactivation can be done outside a lab setting, at the point of sample collection or drop-off. This is our preferred mode, and we refer to these as "inactivation stations". Prior to inactivation, the samples may contain live, contagious virus, so it is crucial that personnel use proper PPE and safe handling procedures. Many current community screening efforts are performing non-lab based sample processing (for example, Dave O'Connor and Chris Mason), and we have followed their examples with the use of splash guards in addition to PPE. After inactivation, samples should be refrigerated or stored on ice before same-day processing through the assay. On our website are our protocols in worksheet form as we use in the lab. This and more information will be live soon.
Qualitative & Quantitative Assessment of Human Islets for Distribution Using Dithizone (DTZ) v4
Authors: Islet Distribution Program Integrated
Published: September 2020

This Standard Operating Procedure is adapted from the work of the 'National Institutes of Health-Sponsored Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium Phase 3 Trial: Manufacture of a Complex Cellular Product at Eight Processing Facilities'' following the SOP cited in the document 'Purified Human Pancreatic Islet: Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Islets Using Dithizone (DTZ) – Standard Operating Procedure of the NIH Clinical Islet Transplantation Consortium' This SOP defines the assay method for quantitative and qualitative determination in the identification of human isolated islet preparations, which include endocrine and exocrine tissue, for use in the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) sponsored research in the Integrated Islet Distribution Program (IIDP). This protocol is written to assist the participating islet isolation centers and investigators who are part of this program. Dithizone (diphenyl thiocarbazone; DTZ) is an organic chemical that chelates the zinc in the insulin granules present in the beta cells of the pancreatic islets. The islet cells are stained red while the acinar cells remain unstained. DTZ staining is used as a lot release and as an in-process assay: (i)Lot release testing: DTZ staining is used to identify islets and to determine the quantity and quality of the final islet product. Islet quantity is expressed as the number of islet equivalents (IEQ), which is calculated based on the number and diameter of the islets present in the preparation, mathematically corrected for islet volume. (ii)In-process testing: DTZ staining is used to identify islets and to assess the effectiveness of the digestion, isolation and purification processes. The quality of the preparations is expressed as percent islet purity, and percent trapped islets. Islet quantity (IEQ) is also assessed.
CRISPR-Enhance Lateral Flow Assay v1
Authors: Jain Piyush , T Nguyen Long , Rananaware Santosh
Published: September 2020

The CRISPR-Enhance SARS-CoV-2 detection kit has been designed to detect fragments of the Nucleocapsid (“N”) gene and Envelope gene (E) of SARS-CoV-2. An included third target is the human RNase P POP7 gene (“RP”) which serves as a control for the extraction of the clinical sample in the absence of a positive SARS-CoV-2 result.The entire reaction from RT-LAMP amplification to CRISPR-based detection of the target analytes can be performed in approximately one hour. The CRISPR-Enhance kit comprises of two steps. Step one is a reverse transcriptase loop-mediated amplification (RT-LAMP) where targeted SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA is reverse transcribed to DNA, and this DNA is amplified by a strand-displacing DNA polymerase. Step two is the transcription of the amplified DNA to activate the collateral cleavage activity of a CRISPR complex programmed to the target RNA sequence. This collateral activity results in cleavage of nucleic acid reporters, resulting in a visual readout using a paper strip in appoximately 2 mins.
CRISPR-Enhance Flourescence based Assay v1.0 v1
Authors: Jain Piyush , T Nguyen Long , Rananaware Santosh
Published: September 2020

The CRISPR-Enhance SARS-CoV-2 detection kit has been designed to detect fragments of the Nucleocapsid (“N”) gene and Envelope gene (E) of SARS-CoV-2. An included third target is the human RNase P POP7 gene (“RP”) which serves as a control for the extraction of the clinical sample in the absence of a positive SARS-CoV-2 result. Amplification can be performed using a heat block, and CRISPR complex activation and reporter cleavage can be run in a standard microplate reader capable of fluorescence detection. The entire reaction from RT-LAMP amplification to CRISPR-based detection of the target analytes can be performed in approximately one hour. The CRISPR-Enhance kit comprises of two steps. Step one is a reverse transcriptase loop-mediated amplification (RT-LAMP) where targeted SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA is reverse transcribed to DNA, and this DNA is amplified by a strand-displacing DNA polymerase. Step two is the transcription of the amplified DNA to activate the collateral cleavage activity of a CRISPR complex programmed to the target RNA sequence. This collateral activity results in cleavage of nucleic acid reporters, resulting in a fluorescent readout detected by a plate reader.
CRISPR-Enhance Lateral Flow Assay v1.0 v1
Authors: Jain Piyush , T Nguyen Long , Rananaware Santosh
Published: September 2020

The CRISPR-Enhance SARS-CoV-2 detection kit has been designed to detect fragments of the Nucleocapsid (“N”) gene and Envelope gene (E) of SARS-CoV-2. An included third target is the human RNase P POP7 gene (“RP”) which serves as a control for the extraction of the clinical sample in the absence of a positive SARS-CoV-2 result.The entire reaction from RT-LAMP amplification to CRISPR-based detection of the target analytes can be performed in approximately one hour. The CRISPR-Enhance kit comprises of two steps. Step one is a reverse transcriptase loop-mediated amplification (RT-LAMP) where targeted SARS-CoV-2 genomic RNA is reverse transcribed to DNA, and this DNA is amplified by a strand-displacing DNA polymerase. Step two is the transcription of the amplified DNA to activate the collateral cleavage activity of a CRISPR complex programmed to the target RNA sequence. This collateral activity results in cleavage of nucleic acid reporters, resulting in a visual readout using a paper strip in appoximately 2 mins.
Instruction for Use of the SARS-Cov-2 Diagnostic test kit / TestNPass / GRAPHEAL v1
Authors: not provided vbouchiat
Published: September 2020

This protocol describes the procedure for usinf the SARS-Cov-2 Diagnostic test kit / TestNPass / GRAPHEAL
Collection of performance data v1
Authors: not provided daniel.moen
Published: September 2020

Complete set of standard operating procedures (SOP) for collecting performance data.
Learn Partial Correlation Disease-Specific Networks v2
Authors: R Thistlethwaite Lillian
Published: September 2020

This protocol describes how to construct disease-specific network structures as described in Thistlethwaite et al. (2020). Thistlethwaite L.R., Petrosyan V., Li X., Miller M.J., Elsea S.H., Milosavljevic A. (2020). CTD: an information-theoretic method to interpret multivariate perturbations in the context of graphical models with applications in metabolomics and transcriptomics. In review.
FloodLAMP LAMP Assay Protocol v4.1 (0.5ml, Strips, Multichannel) v1
Authors: True Randy
Published: September 2020

FloodLAMP uses an assay chemistry developed by Brian Rabe and Prof. Connie Cepko at The Cepko Lab at Harvard Medical School. "Rabe Cepko," as it's known, uses an ultra cheap, streamlined front end (sample inactivation and RNA purification+concentration). This protocol has been chosen by many groups, from pharmaceutical companies to researchers working in the developing world. The same aspects that make it ideal for Africa also make it ideal for America—it's cheap, works well, and can be implemented by any basic chemistry or biology lab. This assay was validated clinically in May by researchers at Mass General Hospital. In addition, the key amplification reagent (NEB Colorimetric LAMP Master Mix) is the same product used in the FDA-approved test by Color Genomics, who does about 5K tests per day in the SF Bay Area. Our current preferred version incorporates a transfer of the nucleic acid bound silica in ethanol to the PCR tubes (strips or plates) where the LAMP reaction is carried out. The pellet resuspends easily in the 80% ethanol and—once in the PCR tubes—can be quickly dried on a heat block. Then they are ready for addition of the 1X LAMP Reaction Mix. We have used alternatives to this method, including an elution of the nucleic acid and also a resuspension of the pellet in water or 1X PBS, then addition to the LAMP reaction. With the LAMP Master Mix (NEB 1804), the assay uses 2 prepared solutions: a NaI Binding Solution and the Glass Milk (also called "prepared silica"). On our website are our protocols in worksheet form as we use in the lab. This and more information will be coming soon.
Öğrencilerin 21. Yüzyıl Beceri Düzeyleri ve Beceriler Arasındaki İlişkinin İncelenmesi
Authors: KOÇAK Ömer , GÖKSU İdris
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada 21. yüzyıl öğrenenlerinin sahip olduğu beceri düzeyleri ile bu beceriler arasındaki ilişki düzeyinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden deneysel olmayan desenlerden ilişkisel araştırma deseniyle yürütülen bu çalışmanın örneklemi kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenmiştir. Çalışmanın katılımcılarını Atatürk Üniversitesi’nde öğrenim gören toplam 183 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Computational Thinking Scale, Dijital Okuryazarlık Ölçeği ve Etkili İletişim Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanan verilerin analizinde, ilişkisel ve betimsel analiz teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Betimsel bulgular incelendiğinde öğrencilerin genel olarak becerilerin çoğuna sahip oldukları ancak algoritmik düşünme becerisiyle ilgili kararsızlık yaşadıkları anlaşılmıştır. Yapılan korelasyon analizi neticesinde eleştirel düşünme, problem çözme, yaratıcılık, empati ve etkin dinlemenin tüm değişkenlerle anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Dijital okuryazarlık becerisinin ise ben dili kullanma hariç araştırma kapsamında incelenen tüm değişkenlerle anlamlı düzeyde ilişkili olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Egoyu geliştirici dil, etkin dinleme, kendini tanıma/açma ve ben dili kullanma becerileri ile algoritmik düşünme arasındaki ilişkinin anlamlı düzeyde olmadığı belirlenmiştir. Aralarındaki ilişki katsayısı en büyük olan değişkenler ise yaratıcılık ile eleştirel düşünme olduğu görülmüştür.
Envolvidos no cuidado: análise da segurança do paciente
Authors: Mesquita Karina Oliveira de , Araújo Carlos Romualdo de Carvalho e , Aragão Otávia Cassimiro , Araújo Letícia Costa de , Dias Maria Socorro de Araújo , Lira Roberta Cavalcante Muniz
Published: September 2020

Analisar a segurança do paciente no contexto da Atenção Primária à Saúde e o envolvimento da equipe de enfermagem, paciente e família nesse processo de cuidados. Estudo descritivo, exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado em seis Centros de Saúde da Família de Sobral, Ceará, envolveu 15 profissionais de distintas regiões. Os resultados mostraram o subdimensionamento da equipe em relação aos usuários, o que gera insatisfação com a carga excessiva de trabalho. Além disso, verificou-se que a comunicação entre profissionais, paciente e família foi inconsistente, o que dificulta a aquisição de autonomia e a corresponsabilização dos cuidadores e usuários no processo de tratamento, recuperação e cura. A enfermagem deve valorizar o saber dos envolvidos com o cuidado, a fim de promover novos conhecimentos, para permitir o empoderamento das pessoas sobre o seu autocuidado.