bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La lucha de corrientes geopoliticas en la cristiandad medieval: el cesaropapismo contra la hierocracia
Authors: Orella Colera Amaia , Orella Unzué José Luis
Published: September 2022

En este trabajo se da un recorrido histórico a la lucha de corrientes geopolíticas en la Cristiandad medieval principalmente entre el cesaropapismo y la hierocracia pontificia. El recorrido histórico parte del estudio de las iglesias locales, para describir los distintos cesaropapismos que se han dado tanto en el Oriente como en el Occidente para describir después la actuación centralizadora de la Iglesia Romana con la Creación del Patrimonio de San Pedro, hasta desembocar en la hierocracia pontificia subrayando el protagonismo de Cluny en la implantación de dicha hierocracia pontificia, para terminar describiendo el papel que la orden de Cluny realizó en los reinos peninsulares especial en Castilla y en el reino de Pamplona.
Influencia climática y de accidentes geográficos en la distribución de asentamientos en el Paleolítico Superior Europeo
Authors: Nuevo López Abraham , Vidal Cordasco Marco
Published: September 2022

El territorio y el clima son dos elementos centrales para comprender la evolución demográfica de los grupos humanos del pasado. En el presente trabajo realizamos un análisis de la distribución espacial y de la evolución temporal de las ocupaciones humanas del Paleolítico Superior. Para ello, se han utilizado un total de 4389 dataciones calibradas de Carbono 14 provenientes de 3471 yacimientos diferentes. Mediante curvas de distribución estándar de probabilidad, se ha cuantificado la densidad de las ocupaciones a tres escalas biogeográficas distintas: para toda Europa, para la Península Ibérica, y para el Norte de Europa. Los resultados obtenidos nos permiten delimitar una serie de fases y sub-fases en las que los grandes valles fluviales, las principales cadenas montañosas, y las fluctuaciones climáticas, determinaron la distribución espacial de los asentamientos y la evolución demográfica de los grupos humanos.
"Baratze bat nahi deizüt egin... " Baratze eta lorategi urbanoak Euskal Herriko hiribildu eta Bastidetan (XIV.-XIX. Mendeak): Tokiko produktu freskoak ekoiztea antzinako erregimenean
Authors: Narbarte Hernández Josu , Del Amo Jiménez Eneko , Diéz Oronoz Aritz
Published: September 2022

Erdi Aroaz geroztik, hiribildu eta bastida txikiek garrantzia handia izan dute Euskal Herriaren egitura soziala, ekonomikoa eta territoriala egituratzeko orduan. Gune hauen merkataritzaeta gobernantza-funtzioen pisua ezaguna da. Bertan gauzatzen ziren laborantza-praktikak, aitzitik, ez dira sistematikoki ikertuak izan, nahiz eta iturri dokumentalak nahiz kartografikoak argiak diren baratze eta lorategi urbanoen presentzia adierazteko orduan. Hainbat hiribildu eta bastidaren kasuak adibide hartuta, lan honek hutsune hau betetzeko helburua du, bi ataletan. Lehenik eta behin, baratze eta lorategi urbanoen kokapena aztertuko da, hirigune historikoen baitan. Bigarrenik, espazio hauetan lantzen ziren produktuak jorratuko dira, Erdi Aroko laborantza-ereduaren eta Aro Modernoko iraultza agronomikoaren arteko aldeak aintzatetsiz. Azkenik, ondorioetan produkzio-eredu honen izaera eta esanahia landuko dira. Hitz-gakoak: Laborantza; Hiribildua; Bastida; Baratze urbanoak; Hirigintza; Hurbileko produktua; Merkaturatze-zirkuito laburrak; Euskal Herria.
Oñatiko baso-landaredi paisaien inbentariazioa, karakterizazioa eta balorazio biogeografikoa
Authors: Astigarraga Urzelai Julen , Lozano Valencia Pedro José
Published: September 2022

Jarraian aurkezten den ikerlanak, Oñatiko baso natural eta zuhaitz landaketek osatzen dituzten paisaien inbentarioa, karakterizazioa eta balorazio biogeografikoa egitea du helburu, udalerrian kontserbazio lehentasuna duten baso eta landaketak identifikatuaz. Horretarako, LANBIOEVA (Landscape Biogeographical Evaluation) metodologia Oñatiko baso natural eta zuhaitz landaketa ezberdinei aplikatu zaie. Lan hau hutsetik hasi beharrean, 25 urte baino gehiagoko ikerketa ildo sendo baten barruan kokatzen da. Europa nahiz Amerikako lurralde ezberdinetan aplikatua izan da metodologia hau eta bere emaitzak hainbat ikerlanetan argitaratua izateaz gain, liburu, artikulu zientifiko, komunikazio eta ponentzia anitzetan ere zabaldu dira. Oñatin, haritz kandudun (Quercus robur) eta haritz kandugabeen (Quercus petraea) basoak izan dira kontserbazio lehentasun handiena eskuratu dituzten eremuak, izan ere, interes natural oso altua izateaz gain, eremu mehatxatuetan aurkitzen dira.
Haciendas vascas en la modernización de la industria azucarera en Filipinas: de lugar físico a espacio empresarial
Authors: Anduaga Egaña Aitor
Published: September 2022

Las haciendas azucareras se convirtieron en los centros principales del desarrollo económico en Filipinas en los siglos XIX y XX. En particular, las haciendas vascas son un emplazamiento ideal para examinar la modernización de la industria azucarera filipina, habida cuenta que su gran presencia en la región más productiva del país (la isla de Negros) facilita los estudios comparativos. Los emigrantes vascos contribuyeron a este proceso de diversas maneras: introduciendo tecnologías foráneas, creando centrales azucareras y criando nuevas variedades de caña de azúcar. El presente artículo toma estas tres innovaciones como un índice evolutivo del sector y examina su expansión en Filipinas. Reemplazando el sistema tradicional de producción, los hacenderos vascos (y de origen vasco) convirtieron un lugar físico (hacienda) en un espacio empresarial (central azucarera), transformado así la geografía humana de la región.
Asimetrías urbanas. Una dinámica de la desigualdad en Bilbao
Authors: Camino-Esturo Edorta
Published: September 2022

El artículo analiza las diferentes desigualdades en el contexto urbano de Bilbao (País Vasco) a través de un análisis de datos cuantitativo. La ciudad es observada como un escenario desigual del hecho sociocultural, donde las dinámicas urbanas producen una constante transformación de los barrios. Bilbao es una ciudad desigual y sus barrios identifican unas importantes asimetrías con respecto a varios indicadores: económico, educativo, poblacional, migratorio o de habitabilidad. Los barrios más perjudicados económicamente siguen sosteniendo los mayores niveles de problemáticas asociadas a los efectos de la marginación y las diferencias atípicas entre los factores adquieren unas formas significativas de desigualdad social y desequilibrio territorial.
El uso de recursos audiovisuales para compatibilizar docencia e investigación desde la Antártida
Authors: Ruiz-Fernández Jesús , Fernández Menéndez Susana del Carmen , García-Hernández Cristina , Menéndez Duarte Rosa Ana
Published: September 2022

Se exponen los resultados del proyecto de innovación docente “La Antártida en el Aula” (curso 2018-2019), desarrollado en el marco de tres  asignaturas pertenecientes a otros tantos Grados de la Universidad de Oviedo. Se utilizó la herramienta “Videoconferencia BigBlue-Button” con el objetivo de aprovechar la participación del profesorado en una campaña de investigación antártica para trasmitir conocimiento significativo al alumnado,  aprovechando las sinergias resultantes en favor de la docencia mediante el contacto directo del alumnado con el continente helado y con las actividades de investigación allí desarrolladas. Las principales dificultades estuvieron relacionadas con la retrasmisión de las videoconferencias, debido al escaso ancho de banda existente. Los cambios efectuados, junto a recursos complementarios (foros, grupos de Whatsapp, elaboración de videos cortos), permitieron desarrollar satisfactoriamente el proyecto. La flexibilidad y la capacidad de adaptación se mostraron como las principales estrategias para el desarrollo de esta experiencia docente en un entorno remoto.
Turismo y COVID-19: análisis geográfico del impacto de la nueva pandemia en la actividad turística internacional
Authors: Nuevo López Abraham , Martínez del Vas Ginesa
Published: September 2022

Las medidas de confinamiento y semiparálisis de la economía que se han tomado para hacer frente a la pandemia ocasionada por el SARS-CoV-2 están repercutiendo de manera sensible en la actividad turística internacional. El sector, afectado previamente por signos cada vez más palmarios de desaceleración y recesión económica en todo el mundo, ha visto cómo la actividad turística se ha desplomado. El reto pasa por saber si el turismo será capaz de reactivarse y recuperar su posición de liderazgo, cambiando además de paradigma de crecimiento para hacerse menos vulnerable y dependiente ante shocks de la demanda como el actual. El objetivo del artículo es examinar las consecuencias que, desde la perspectiva de la geografía crítica, ha tenido la pandemia sobre el turismo internacional. Se ha utilizado una metodología cualitativa, de revisión bibliográfica sistemática. La principal conclusión que se extrae del artículo es que la actual pandemia transformará sustancialmente el sector turístico, obligándolo a volcarse más en el desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías y en la tendencia hacia un turismo más sostenible y comunitario.
Hiệu quả hoạt động của doanh nghiệp ngành công nghiệp chế biến, chế tạo tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh: So sánh giữa doanh nghiệp trong và ngoài khu công nghiệp
Authors: Duy Lương Vinh Quốc , Duy Nguyễn Khánh , Viên Nguyễn Văn , Khuyên Nguyễn Tấn , Hoài Nguyễn Trọng , Đức Đào Xuân , Hương Nguyễn Thị Lan
Published: September 2022

Bài báo này cung cấp một góc nhìn về hiệu quả sản xuất - kinh doanh của doanh nghiệp ngành công nghiệp chế biến, chế tạo đang hoạt động trong các khu công nghiệp và khu chế xuất (gọi chung là khu công nghiệp) tại TP. Hồ Chí Minh. Để thực hiện mục tiêu nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi so sánh doanh nghiệp trong khu công nghiệp và doanh nghiệp bên ngoài khu công nghiệp dựa vào những chỉ tiêu sau: tỷ suất lợi nhuận trước thuế trên tổng tài sản, tỷ lệ xuất khẩu ròng trên doanh thu thuần và tỷ lệ đóng góp vào ngân sách Nhà nước trên doanh thu thuần. Dữ liệu phân tích được trích từ điều tra doanh nghiệp 2019 của Tổng cục Thống kê. Việc so sánh được tiến hành theo quy mô và ngành kinh tế cấp 2. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy, hiệu quả hoạt động của doanh nghiệp trong khu công nghiệp cao hơn doanh nghiệp ngoài khu công nghiệp chủ yếu tập trung ở nhóm doanh nghiệp nhỏ và siêu nhỏ.
Thực trạng kiểm soát nội bộ của các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa nhóm ngành sản suất tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh
Authors: Mến Lê Thị
Published: September 2022

Trong quá trình hoạt động sản xuất kinh doanh, doanh nghiệp phải đối mặt với rất nhiều các rủi ro, các yếu tố bên ngoài và bên trong ảnh hưởng đến quá trình thực hiện các mục tiêu của doanh nghiệp. Và khi đó kiểm soát nội bộ đóng vai trò như một công cụ hữu hiệu để các doanh nghiệp đối phó với rủi ro, giảm thiểu rủi ro xuống mức có thể chấp nhận được, đảm bảo hiệu quả và hiệu suất của các hoạt động; tính tin cậy của thông tin và tăng cường tính tuân thủ với các luật và các quy định. Bài nghiên cứu dưới đây thông qua khảo sát về kiểm soát nội bộ ở 360 doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa nhóm ngành sản xuất tại Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh năm 2020, thông qua năm thành phần kiểm soát nội bộ để thấy rõ thực trạng kiểm soát nội bộ tại các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa trên địa bàn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh. Kết quả cho thấy tại các doanh nghiệp khảo sát nhìn chung còn yếu ở hoạt động “Giám sát”, “Hoạt động kiểm soát” và “Đánh giá rủi ro”. Hai hoạt động “Thông tin truyền thông” và “Môi trường kiểm soát” là hai thành phần đạt tỷ lệ cao trong năm thành phần của kiểm soát nội bộ. Một số các kiến nghị được tác giả đưa ra như cần phải xây dựng chính sách nhân sự hợp lý, từng bước xây dựng quy trình đánh giá rủi ro, tăng cường các hoạt động giám sát, v.v. Từ đó hoàn thiện dần công tác kiểm soát nội bộ tại các doanh nghiệp nhỏ và vừa trên địa bàn Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh.
From 1950s to 1980s: The Formation, Development and Practice of the “National Style” Animation Concept of Shanghai Animation Film Studio
Authors: Liu Ying
Published: September 2022

From the 1950s to 1980s, the series of “National Style” animations created by Shanghai Animation Film Studio have made Chinese animation famous both at home and abroad, and the “National Style” animation concept proposed at that time is also considered to be one of the most influential and representative animation concepts in the history of Chinese animation. By analyzing representative animation, and the books, articles, and speeches on the concept of “National Style” animation published by animation directors of Shanghai Animation Film Studio from the 1950s to 1980s, this article aims to explore and summarize the evolution of the “National Style” animation concept Shanghai Animation Film Studio.
Improving Grade 7 Students’ Reading Comprehension Ability Using the 12PBL Learning Management
Authors: Intasena Autthapon , Suwannathep Suarsaraha , Intasena Autthapon , Srimunta Thussaneewan
Published: September 2022

The purposes of the study were 1) to study the effects of the 12PBL technique learning management on Grade 7 students’ reading comprehension; and 2) to study students’ satisfaction with learning in the 12PBL technique. The samples were 22 Grade 7 students in a school in Thailand selected by a purposive sampling method. The instruments were the 12PBL learning management plan, a learning achievement test for reading comprehension, and a satisfaction questionnaire for the 12PBL learning management. The effectiveness of the 12PBL learning management plans was assessed using the effectiveness index (E1/E2) with the determining criteria of 80/80 and a paired-sample t-test. Mean scores, percentages, and standard deviation were used to analyze the questionnaire data. The results of the study show that the 12PBL technique could be considered an alternative solution for fixing reading comprehension problems. Moreover, the instructional technique also brought about satisfactory learning in a language classroom.
The Effect of Occupational Burnout Levels on Job Performance in Football Referees (8th Region Example)
Authors: Bozkır Akif , Demir Mehmet Burak
Published: September 2022

Football referees are responsible for the game order during the match, they must decide by quickly resolving the controversial positions. For this reason, it is very important to examine and discuss the facts to minimize the negativities in the decision-making factors of the referees. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of the level of occupational burnout suffered by football referees on job performance in the context of TFF 8th region referees. For this purpose, Maslach Burnout Inventory was used to determine the burnout levels of the participants and the job performance scale developed by Koca and Yıldız was used to measure their job performance. As a result, a significant negative relationship was found between the occupational burnout and job performance of football referees, which are the sub-dimensions of midlevel negative occupational burnout, emotional exhaustion, desensitization, and personal achievement and work performance, and in summary, a negative relationship was seen between occupational burnout and job performance in football referees.
Stakeholders’ Perception of Online Instruction within COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Changphat Chatchawan , Tiamklee Tanapat , Kimratchot Niracha , Prasoetthai Monthira , Prachagool Veena , Nuangchalerm Prasart
Published: September 2022

This study employed survey research, aims to study opinions of students, teachers, and parents on teaching and learning online within COVID-19 pandemic. The research gathered data from 99 stakeholders which consisted of teachers, students, and parents. Questionnaire was designed for asking their opinions by dividing it into 4 dimensions. Findings showed that students’ dimension was at high level, but other dimensions; teachers, parents, and learning environment were at medium level. The level of opinion in each dimension seem to be different, ANOVA was employed for analyzing mean differences. The result showed that there was significantly difference at .05 level of statistics. It can be concluded that students’ dimension had mean difference with teachers and parents’ dimension; teachers’ dimension had mean difference with students, parents, and learning environments’ dimension; parents’ dimension had mean difference with students, teachers, and learning environments’ dimension; and learning environments’ dimension had mean difference with teachers and parents’ dimension as well.
South Asia’s contribution to increasing groundwater research
Authors: Gupta Meeta , Chinnasamy Pennan
Published: September 2022

Bibliometric analysis of the groundwater-related literature available for South and Southeast Asia from the Scopus database over the last 50 years (1970–2020) was conducted to provide valuable insights and aid in effective groundwater management.
Butia capitata (sour coconut) prevents the appearance of Aberrant Crypt Foci in the colon of rats
Authors: Gomides Antônio Frederico , Santos Luana , Barbosa Maria Cristina , Cardoso Leandro , Peluzio Maria do Carmo , Silva Tiago , Valente Thaisa , Reis Pedro Augusto , Valente Maria Anete
Published: September 2022

Colorectal cancer is a life-threatening disease. This study evaluates whether sour coconut (Butia capitata) prevents the appearance of aberrant crypt foci (ACF) in the colon of rats, induced with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH). The test subjects were divided into four treatment groups: I - Control; II - aqueous extract of sour coconut pulp; III - DMH and IV - Aqueous extract of sour coconut pulp + DMH. The colons of the subjects were submitted to ACF count, analysis of gene expression and histopathological. The count of ACF differed in the proximal portion of the colon between animals treated III and IV, with a lower count in Treatment IV (p <0.05). The interleukin-1 (IL-1) gene (p <0.05) was less expressed in Treatment IV. In the histopalogic analysis of the colons in Treatment IV, less dilation was observed at the base of the crypts and the lumen was moderately dilated. The sour coconut acted in preventing the appearance of ACF, probably due to its high composition in bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds, polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E. The anti-inflammatory capacity reduces the expression of the IL-1 gene and preserves the histo-architecture of the colon.
Effects of Indigofera suffruticosa Miller (Wild indigo) leaves aqueous extract subacute supplementation in mice
Authors: Cunha Rebeca , Nascimento Weber , Oliveira Joao , Madureira Alvaro , Silva Ana , Lima Vera
Published: September 2022

Supplementation with plant-based products is becoming more popular recently. This change in the supplementation market is related to larger benefits found in natural products, and fewer risks for chronic side effects found in synthetic products. Extracts rich in antioxidant properties and plants used by folk medicine are the main target to become a botanical supplement. Indigofera suffruticosa leaves aqueous extract (IsAE) was supplemented to mice diet for eleven days (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg, p.o.) to assess subacute toxicity and potential benefits. Body parameters were evaluated before and after supplementation. On the tenth day, mice were submitted to a forced swimming test to verify endurance. Lipids and glucose metabolism were also evaluated. During supplementation, no toxicity was observed. A mild decrease in body fat and weight was observed. There was no difference in swimming time among groups, but a significant increase was found for group 100 mg/kg after normalizing time by body weight. IsAE induces mild decrease (not statistically significant) in lipids and glucose levels. Thus, low doses of IsAE seem to be safe for usage, in the tested condition. In addition, 100 mg/kg of IsAE has the potential to improve endurance and might modulate fat and lipid concentrations of healthy mice in long-term supplementation.
Nutrient compositions of leaves of Bombax buonopozens
Authors: Peters Dikioye Emmanuel  , Izu Esther
Published: September 2022

There is high prevalence of micronutrients deficiency in low income countries resulting to malnutrition. This stude was designed to evaluate the nutrient compositions of leaves of Bombax Buonopozense. Minerals, amino acids and vitamins constituents were investigated using AAS, amino acid analyzer, spectrophotometer respectively. Result of dietary minerals constituent in the leaves of B. buonopozense revealed a total of eight minerals- manganese (0.02±0.00), zinc (0.02±0.00), copper (0.03±0.00), cobalt (0.04±0.00), iron (0.06±0.00), sodium (3.13±0.20), calcium (93.72±0.20) and potassium (669.22±0.20) in ascending order of concentrations. Total of seventeen amino acids consisting of eight essential and nine non-essential amino acids were identified in the leaves- arginine, valine, methionine, leucine, threonine, phenylalanine, histidine, isoleucine, lysine, proline, serine, tyrosine, alanine, glycine, glutamate, aspartate and cysteine. Five water and two fat soluble vitamins totaling seven in all were present, they are vitaminB6 (34.08± 0.20), vitaminB1 (22.74± 0.20), vitamineB2 (22.29± 0.20), vitamin A (15.91 ± 0.20), vitaminB12 (10.31± 0.20), vitaminE (9.33± 0.20µ/l), vitaminB3 (0.95± 0.02) vitamin C (0.42± 0.02) in decending order. Bombax Buonopozense leaves are rich in micro nutrients hence could as supplement in micronutrients deficient diet to prevent micronutrients deficiency.
Evaluation of the Durability of a New Water-Based Membrane Containing Copper Chloride
Authors: YILDIZ Yasemin
Published: September 2022

The durability of a new water-based membrane containing copper chloride, used to remove the toxic hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas, was evaluated. The pouring method was used to fabricate the membrane. The membrane contained water-based resin (15% polyamide), aluminum silicate, technosol, CuCl2.2H2O, distilled water and ethyl alcohol as the solvent. The resistance of the membrane against 1 M HCl, 1 M NH3, 30% H2O2, 1 M HNO3, 1 M NaOH, sunlight, and pure water was investigated. The changes in the surface morphology of the membrane treated under these conditions for over two weeks were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and a digital microscope. The Energy Distribution Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) analysis was performed to confirm the gas capture ability of the membrane surface. The structural analysis of the membrane was performed by the X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis. Based on the results, the chemicals affecting the membrane morphology were identified. The results also showed that the water-based membrane was characterized by a certain adsorption capacity, and this membrane might be used as an eco-friendly alternative to the currently used materials.
Rezension von: Schramke, Marius, Tradition und Selbstbestimmung
Authors: Mossman Stephen , Schramke Marius
Published: September 2022

Marius Schramke, Tradition und Selbstbestimmung. Das geistliche Leben nichtobservanter Dominikanerinnenklöster in Süddeutschland im Spiegel der Überlieferung (Forschungen zur Oberrheinischen Landesgeschichte 62). Freiburg: Verlag Karl Alber 2020. 440 S. ISBN 978-3-495-49962-7. Geb. € 49,–
Rezension von: Hamm, Berndt, Spielräume eines Pfarrers vor der Reformation
Authors: Kühne Hartmut , Hamm Berndt
Published: September 2022

Berndt Hamm, Spielräume eines Pfarrers vor der Reformation, Ulrich Krafft in Ulm (Veröffentlichungen der Stadtbibliothek Ulm 27). Weißenhorn: Anton H. Konrad 2020. 451 S. mit 25 Abb. ISBN 978-3-946561-02-6. € 39,80
Rezension von: Scheutz, Martin; Weiss, Alfred Stefan, Das Spital in der Frühen Neuzeit
Authors: Eberl Immo , Scheutz Martin , Weiß Alfred Stefan
Published: September 2022

Martin Scheutz / Alfred Stefan Weiss, Das Spital in der Frühen Neuzeit. Eine Spitallandschaft in Zentraleuropa (Mitteilungen des Instituts für Österreichische Geschichtsforschung, Ergänzungsband 64). Wien: Böhlau 2020. 725 S., 104 farb. Abb., 36 Tab. 34 Grafiken. ISBN 978-3-205-20945-4. Geb. € 79,99
An Experimental Study of Spatial Vocabulary Teaching in the Subject of English through Four Steps Strategy at Elementary Level
Authors: Syed Zafrana , Tabassum Prof Dr. Rabia
Published: September 2022

The study was an experimental study of spatial vocabulary in the subject of English. The subject was taught through four steps strategy at elementary level. Also the same subject was taught through lecture method. The major objectives of the study were: (i) to explore the effects of four steps strategy on the spatial vocabulary enhancement of elementary school students, (ii) to investigate  the  effect  of four steps strategy on the spatial vocabulary enhancement of male elementary students, (iii) to measure the effect  of  four  steps  strategy  on  the  spatial  vocabulary  enhancement of female elementary  school  students. To achieve the objectives, the following null hypotheses were tested: (i) there is no significant effect of four steps strategy on the spatial vocabulary enhancement of elementary school students, (ii) there is no significant effects of four steps strategy on the spatial vocabulary enhancement of male elementary school students. All the students of Grade-III from Army Public Schools and Colleges of province Khyber Pakhtunkhwa were the population of this study. Sample of the study was 20 students (girls & boys) of Army Public School and College (Iqra) Risalpur Cantt District Nowshera by using random sampling technique. Pre-test and post-test single group four cycle designs were used as a tool for data collection in this study to measure the performance of the students. In four cycle experimental design, same group was exposed to experiment and lecture method of teaching. After the exposing, groups (experimental/control) were interchanged for getting accurate results. The data obtained was tabulated and analysed using paired t-test in the light objectives of the study. The analysis of the collected data revealed the following findings; it was revealed from the results that four steps strategy had significant effect on spatial vocabulary enhancement at elementary level. The result of the study showed that four steps strategy had significant effect on the spatial vocabulary enhancement of male and female elementary school students. It is recommended that the teacher should apply four steps strategy to foster the academic achievements of the students. This study will be beneficial for students, teachers and curriculum developer.
Why “Post-colonialism” for Colonized and “Renaissance” for Colonizers? A Comparative Analysis of Deconstruction and Postcolonialism
Authors: Muzaffar Mehvish , Ahsan Dr. Muhammad , Naveed Awais
Published: September 2022

The research aims to analyze postcolonial texts from the perspective of deconstruction. It is a theory that aims to seek the differences and hidden motives of any text. Jacques Derrida has given the idea of “Deconstruction” to uncover the hidden realities of the texts. The theory of “Deconstruction” is applied in the context of postcolonialism to explain the fact of subservience even after decolonization. The study applies the qualitative method with Belsey approach of “Thematic Content Analysis”. The study is significant because it negates the hegemony of colonizers after decolonization and it describes the hidden tactics of the term: postcolonialism.
Determinants of a healthy quality environment in public secondary schools in Bahrain
Authors: Alomari Esra’a , Senathirajah Abdul Rahman Bin S
Published: September 2022

In this study, total quality management TQM principles are being implemented in the secondary school setting in the kingdom of Bahrain. This research examines the extent to which total quality management is used in the educational sector because it has permeated every industry. Additionally, the study sought to investigate the connections between TQM and total quality performance as well as TQM and quality culture. A questionnaire survey was used to explore the phenomenon from instructors' viewpoints. According to teachers' perspectives, the data analysis showed that TQM principles, such as communication, student happiness, and continuous improvement, are applied at public secondary schools in the Kingdom of Bahrain. As well as that, the study concluded that TQM principles affect the school quality culture and total quality performance.
Health seeking behaviour during COVID-19 pandemic among general population in urban areas of Chengalpattu District
Authors: Suganthi S , Jasmine M , Nigilesh Sundar M
Published: September 2022

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic has severely impaired the essential services delivery like elective care, outpatient services besides the lockdown, financial constraints led to decreased utilization of health services. India being the most affected country. Assessing the changes in health seeking behavior and recommending the necessary changes in the health care utilization during COVID 19 outbreak is very important. Hence the current study aims to assess the health seeking behavior and its associated factors among Urban adults in Chengalpattu district during COVID 19 Pandemic. Methodology: A Community based Cross Sectional study was carried out among adults of age group (19 yrs. and above) in field practicing area of urban      health training center from October 2020 to December 2020. After obtaining written informed consent data was collected by house to house hold survey using semi-structured pre-tested questionnaire and information like socio demographic variables and health seeking behavior were obtained. Statistical analysis software Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS), v21.0 was used for the analysis of data. Results: Among 126 participants during covid-19 pandemic 33.3% preferred private healthcare facilities for their first step of treatment,,,
evaluation of digital-based service policies using the website quality 4.0 method
Authors: Maharani Dewi
Published: September 2022

This study analyzes the evaluation of digital-based service policies using western quality (WebQual) 4.0. This research is intended that digital-based services at the Sindang Kasih Multi Usaha company have had Web-based services for more than one year; however, there has never been a performance evaluation of this digital-based service. Therefore, this study evaluates digital-based service policies to obtain actual data. This research method uses an evaluation research method with a quantitative data approach. This study uses an external evaluation research approach where this study provides a list of questionnaire questions distributed to a predetermined sample at the beginning of the study using quota sampling. This study found that the evaluation of digital-based service policies using WebQual 4.0 had relatively good results. However, several indicators need to be improved in this research, including I find the site easy to navigate, I find the site easy to navigate, Providing relevant information, Provides easy to understanding information, Making it easy to communicate with the organization, and I feel confident that good/services will be delivered as promised.
LANGUAGE CHOICE IN EDUCATION IN A MULTILINGUAL SETTING: THE MALAYSIAN CONTEXT
Authors: Rahman A. R. M. Mostafizar , Heng Chan Swee , Abdullah Ain Nadzimah
Published: September 2022

A state of multilingualism allows people to grow up with access to two or more languages which results in exercising choice of languages for different purposes in different domains. Even within a single domain, education for example, the choice of language varies according to contexts, topics and participants. Since Malaysia is a multilingual country, it is not surprising that everyone in this country speaks at least two or more languages. What languages the Malaysians choose in the education domain constitutes the focus of this paper. It also investigates what influences the choice. The issues were investigated through a questionnaire survey administered to a sample of University Putra Malaysia undergraduates who are seen as representative of Malaysian undergraduates. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The findings revealed that language choice in education varies according to sub-domains. It was also found that language proficiency, ethnicity, and gender influence the choice of languages.
USE AND IMPACT OF REMITTANCE IN RURAL ECONOMY: A MICRO LEVEL STUDY ON SELECTED VILLAGES UNDER FARIDPUR DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Moni Nurun Naher , Haider Mohammed Ziaul
Published: September 2022

Remittance offers a feedback against vulnerabilities of the rural households of various income groups. It ensures a regular flow of income to meet consumption expenditures and security needs for the struggling families of the remitters. This study attempts (i) to sketch the uses of remittance and (ii) to explore the resultant impacts of remittance on the rural area. It investigates two villages of Faridpur district of Bangladesh to address these two issues. The study finds that remittance mostly serves as the basis of consumption expenditure, house construction and protection against natural adversities apart from investment in direct productive purposes. Consequent impacts of this using pattern give birth to increase purchasing power of the rural households, development of local hats and bazaars and increased land value.
RAKA’S EXISTENTIAL GROWTH FROM DEPERSONALITY TO TRANSPERSONALITY IN ANITA DESAI’S FIRE ON THE MOUNTAIN
Authors: Snigdha Shayla Sharmin
Published: September 2022

Anita Desai is well recognized as an existentialist who in most of her fictions speaks of human predicament and specifically the existential crisis of women. In Fire on the Mountain, Raka, one of the three central figures, gets unique in her active contribution to the ultimate action, unparallel gravity and the mystic air of her character. A.H Tak, a critique of Anita Desai, has redefined Roger Wescott’s categorization of ‘impersonality’ by indicating at the split personality that Desai’s heroines experience in their lives. Though Nanda Kaul is the central character Raka supersedes her at the end of the novel when she sets fire on the mountain. In this regard ,the present paper attempts to identify Raka’s shift from one state to another and wants to show how Raka, being on the existential plain raises to another height that completes her spiritual growth.
PRESENT STATUS OF FISH FRY PRODUCTION AND TRADE AT CHACHRA IN JESSORE, BANGLADESH
Authors: Sabbir Wasim , Nusrat Mst Nadira , Shaha Biplab Kumar , Ghosh Alokesh Kumar , Islam Md. Rashedul , Mahmud S.M. Ashik
Published: September 2022

The study was based on a survey report to know the present status of fish fry production and trade at Chachra in Jessore district by 20 hatchery owners, 45 nursery operators and 50 fry traders. The study was made on the total production of fry, number of people involved in the business, technical knowledge of the nursery operators, marketing channel, area of distribution of fry, means of transportation and facilities available. It was reported that 79,420 kg hatchlings were produced from 38 hatcheries and 948,394 kg fingerlings were produced from 180 nurseries at Jessore sadar in the year 2008. The fingerlings produced from this region were distributed to different parts of the country. Everyday more than 200 fry traders came to Chachra and carried the fry by means of van, pick-up van, bus, truck, train etc. Commission agents played an important role in this trade. It was observed that due to poor technical knowledge and improper transportation, fry mortality was high. Besides, insufficient credit support and unexpected disease infection were found to be the major problems in this business.
IDENTIFICATION OF MUSCLE PROTEIN PATTERN AND GUT PROTEASE ACTIVITY OF ROHU (Labeo rohita), CATLA (Catla catla), CLIMBING PERCH (Anabus testudineus) AND SPOTTED SNAKEHEAD (Channa punctatus) USING SDS-PAGE
Authors: Ferdous Silvia , Ahmed Md. Shamim , Sultana Zerin , Islam Md. Monirul , Chisty Md. Ayaz Hasan
Published: September 2022

The study was carried out to identify muscle protein patterns and gut protease activity of rohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), climbing perch (Anabas testudineus) and spotted snakehead (Channa punctatus). Twelve percent Polyacryleamide substrate SDS-PAGE was done to visualize the activity of the enzyme after casein hydrolysis and protein pattern of the species. Three alkaline proteases of different molecular weight were observed in rohu, two in catla, five in climbing perch and four in spotted Snakehead from the zymogram. This revealed that the existence of alkaline protein in the alimentary tract of respective species. Fourteen distinct protein bands in rohu, fifteen in catla, sixteen in climbing perch and nineteen in soptted snakehead were visualized from the electrophoretic patterns of fish muscle extract. From the result, it is assumed that heavy molecular weight myosin and low molecular weight actin were prominent in all the experimental species.
HAS THE DEVELOPMENT OF EEZ ACHIEVED ITS AIMS?
Authors: Hossain M. Belal , Mostafa M.
Published: September 2022

The Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) concept is the prime and important invention of the Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III) in 1982. It was designed to secure coastal state control over the resources within the area with a view to solve the conflicting claims of territorial sea, to ensure fair share of the resources and ultimately to use and manage the ocean resources in a sustainable manner. The concept is a reflection of developing states’ aspiration, but in reality the main beneficiaries are the rich and developed states. The biggest losers of all are the land-locked and geographically disadvantaged states, which either cannot have an EEZ or their claims, are of little economic significance, considering the width of their EEZs or the resources therein. Still there are many unresolved issues and problems concerning the EEZ regime such as overlapping claims, conflicting use of navigation and fishing, unattributed rights, access to surplus stocks, over-fishing and marine pollution. The rules of the EEZ have not yet fully implemented by all parties. Therefore, it cannot be considered a finished treatment of controlling this important area and it should be supplemented by other agreements and regional co-operations like UN Fish Stock Agreement and International Maritime Organization (IMO)
ASSESSMENT AND MONITORING OF VILLAGE FOREST RESOURCES
Authors: Islam Sheikh Serajul
Published: September 2022

The area of village forest (0.27 million hectare) is very limited in comparison with government forest land (2.14 million hectare). But the village woodlot area contributes 85% of the total consumption and the remaining 15% is contributed by government forest land. Need for correct assessment and monitoring is discussed. The main objective of this paper is to recommend appropriate sampling design for correct assessment of village forest resources. A case study was undertaken in the district of Chittagong located at the south-east corner of Bangladesh. A study population of 900 households was formed consisting of 14 rural thanas in the district. The seven parameters defined under five variables were calculated for complete enumeration. The parameters were estimated through Cluster Sampling, Two Stage Sampling and Stratified Two Stage Sampling (Self-Weight) taking 250 sample households in each method. The estimates were compared with the enumerated values on the basis of percentage standard error, percentage accuracy, percentage bias and 95% confidence interval. Stratified Two Stage Sampling (Self-Weighted) provided the best estimates for true total homestead area (78.4 ha for 97 ha), for true total compact tree garden area (49.6 ha for 49 ha), for true total volume of trees (9432.2 m3 for 9490 m3 ), for true total number of bamboos (53546 for 53229), for volume of compact trees per hectare (164.9m3 for 172 m3) and true number of households with bamboo plantation (413 for 407). Stratified Two Stage Sampling (Self-Weighted) was found to be a suitable technique and was recommended to apply as field sampling design for correct assessment of village forest resources. A continuous monitoring system was also suggested.
PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND ANALGESIC ACTIVITIES OF TWO BANGLADESHI MEDICINAL PLANTS: Diospyros peregrina and Alocasia fornicata
Authors: Sarwar Shammy , Biva Israt Jahan , Ahmed Tajnin , Ahmed Md. Iqbal , Rahman Md. Ashikur
Published: September 2022

This study deals with crude methanolic extract of the stem bark of Diospyros peregrina and the rhizome of Alocasia fornicata were investigated for phytochemical screening and possible analgesic activity.Preliminary phytochemical screening showed that both extracts possessed the active principles - alkaloids,steroids, flavonoids and tannins. The analgesic activity was evaluated for its central and peripheral pharmacological actions using tail immersion method and acetic acid-induced writhing test in mice respectively. Both extracts produced a significant increase in pain threshold in tail immersion methods in a dose dependent manner. The crude extracts displayed significant reduction in acetic acid induced writhing in mice with a maximum effect of 72.1 % reduction at 500 mg/kg and 88.05 % reduction at 400 mg/kg body weight which are comparable to the standard analgesic drug, diclofenac sodium (78.09 %).
UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COMMUNICATIVE LANGUAGE TEACHING: A STUDY ON THE STUDENTS OF THE S.S.C. AND H.S.C. LEVELS AT FAKIRHAT, BAGERHAT
Authors: Rahman Md. Hafijur , Hossain Mir Sohrab , Alam Md Khashrul , Debnath Biplab Kumar , Khan Sanjida , Siddique Md. Abu Bokar
Published: September 2022

In Bangladesh the communicative syllabus at S.S.C. and H.S.C. levels was introduced in the 90s of the last century. Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) is deemed to be the most successful method of teaching and learning English as a second or foreign language (SFL). But, if we look into the effectiveness of CLT in the implementation level, most possibly it will lead us to a big question mark. The article aims at finding out the effectiveness of introducing CLT in the S.S.C. and H.S.C. levels to see whether our students are really achieving competence in the target language or not. So, the authors initiated to carry out a survey on the teachers and the students of the classes IX & X, XI & XII and selected Fakirhat, one of the southern Upazillas of Bangladesh under Bagerhat district, as the study area for the survey. The study includes the students and the teachers of government and non-government schools, colleges and madrasas to unearth the problems the learners and the teachers usually face in practicing CLT. Besides, it attempts to indicate the impact of effectiveness and ineffectiveness of CLT on the learners and on our society as well. The authors have also suggested some corrective measures for maximizing the effectiveness of CLT in Bangladesh. Maximization of the effectiveness of CLT will result in quality products having excellent communicative competence. If it is done, only then we can hope that the nation will be benefited both locally and globally.
USEFUL ETHNOGRAPHY: A REVIEW OF THE HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNOGRAPHIC RESEARCH
Authors: Sumiya Kanij Fatima , Hossain Mir Sohrab , Khan Sanjida , Siddique Md. Abu Bokar
Published: September 2022

The paper focuses on the debate among ethnographers over what ethnography should look like, how it should be done, how it should be presented, and what the goals should be. Through a review of literature, it finds that this does not necessarily change the methods ethnographers use for collecting data; those are relatively clear-cut and have remained relatively consistent over time. However, the methodological issues at the core of ethnographic research, the theories on what are and what are not good methods often appear messy and difficult to comprehend to the beginners. This paper is an attempt to make an understanding of ethnographic research as a useful practice to ascertain pragmatic knowledge.
BANGLADESHI IMMIGRANTS’ EXPERIENCE AND PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THEIR OCCUPATIONS IN CANADA
Authors: Islam Md. Kamrul , Jabbar Md. Abdul , Asir Dil Afroz Bint-E
Published: September 2022

This study examines Bangladeshi immigrants’ experience and perceptions about their occupations in Canada using both primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected using face-to-face in-depth interview and thematic concepts were used to analyze the data. In general, the study finds that majority skilled immigrants are more likely to be employed in non-professional jobs with lower occupational prestige. However, those who obtain their education both in Bangladesh and Canada have higher probability of getting professional jobs in the Canadian labour market as compared to those who obtain their education only in Bangladesh. In addition, Bangladeshi immigrants’ social network plays a pivotal role in getting jobs in the Canadian labour market. Policy implications for Bangladesh are discussed as well.
ATTITUDE TOWARDS FAMILY PLANNING: KNOWLEDGE AND PERCEPTION OF TRANSPORT WORKERS IN KHULNA CITY CORPORATION (KCC) OF SOUTHWEST BANGLADESH
Authors: Jabbar Md. Abdul , Hossain Md. Tanvir , Khatun Mst. Taslima , Anwar Md. Saeed , Golder Babla
Published: September 2022

This study deciphers the relationship among socio-demographic and economic conditions with the attitude towards restricting family size as well as knowledge and perception of the low income people in this regard. By administering a interview schedule, data used in this article were collected purposively from four hundred and forty low-income men from Khulna City Corporation (KCC) areas of Bangladesh following survey research design. It was found that men’s personal and household socio-demographic and economic conditions were the key determinants to their access to and use of family planning methods. Low-income men in their thirties with more years of schooling and disposal income played pivotal role in making decisions regarding use of contraceptives. The knowledge and perception on family planning were influenced by their social, economic as well as demographic characteristics. Such attributes eventually influenced the frequency and willingness to use family planning methods to minimize the family size of low income people in urban Bangladesh.
PHOSPHATE SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF GANGES MEANDER FLOODPLAIN SOILS OF BANGLADESH
Authors: Afrin Nishad , Amin Md. Sadiqul , Khatun Monowara
Published: September 2022

Three representative soils belonging to Amjhupi, Ishurdi and Sara series from the Ganges meander floodplain soils in Jessore district were collected to observe phosphate sorption characteristics and to evaluate the best fitted adsorption equation for the soils. The highest phosphate sorption was observed in Amjhupi series and the lowest was in Sara soil series. Differences in P sorption were significantly (p<0.05) influenced by clay content, CEC and pH of the soils. Free CaCO3, EC, OM and available P were found insignificant in affecting P adsorption. The Langmuir equation was best fitted to the equilibrium P sorption data and maximum R-square. Amjhupi soil series would require more P to be supplied to maintain a desired P level in soil solution than others.