bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Question-answer dynamics and confirmation theory in reasoning by representativeness
Authors: Sablé-Meyer Mathias , Guerrini Janek , Mascarenhas Salvador
Published: September 2021

We show that probabilistic decision-making behavior characteristic of reasoning by representativeness or typicality arises in minimalistic settings lacking many of the features previously thought to be necessary conditions for the phenomenon. Specifically, we develop a version of a classical experiment by Kahneman and Tversky (1973) on base-rate neglect, where participants have full access to the probabilistic distribution, conveyed entirely visually and without reliance on familiar stereotypes, rich descriptions, or individuating information. We argue that the notion of evidential support as studied in (Bayesian) confirmation theory offers a good account of our experimental findings, as has been proposed for related data points from the representativeness literature. In a nutshell, when faced with competing alternatives to choose from, humans are sometimes less interested in picking the option with the highest probability of being true (posterior probability), and instead choose the option best supported by available evidence. We point out that this theoretical avenue is descriptively powerful, but has an as-yet unclear explanatory dimension. Building on approaches to reasoning from linguistic semantics, we propose that the chief trigger of confirmation-theoretic mechanisms in deliberate reasoning is a linguistically-motivated tendency to interpret certain experimental setups as intrinsically contrastive, in a way best cashed out by modern linguistic semantic theories of questions. These questions generate pragmatic pressures for interpreting surrounding information as having been meant to help answer the question, which will naturally give rise to confirmation-theoretic effects, very plausibly as a byproduct of iterated Bayesian update as proposed by modern Bayesian theories of relevance-based reasoning in pragmatics. Our experiment provides preliminary but tantalizing evidence in favor of this hypothesis, as participants displayed significantly more confirmation-theoretic behavior in a condition that highlighted the question-like, contrastive nature of the task.
Self-evaluation as an active ingredient in the experience and treatment of adolescent depression; An integrated scoping review with expert advisory input
Authors: Orchard Faith , Westbrook Juliette , Gee Brioney , Clarke Tim , Allan Sophie M. , Pass Laura
Published: September 2021

Background: Negative self-perceptions is one of the most common symptoms of depression in young people, and has been found to be strongly associated with severity of depression symptoms. Psychological treatments for adolescent depression are only moderately effective. Understanding the role and importance of these self-perceptions may help to inform and improve treatments. The aim of this review was to examine self-evaluation as a characteristic of adolescent depression, and as an active ingredient in treatment for adolescent depression. Methods: We conducted a scoping review which included quantitative and qualitative studies ofany design that reported on self-evaluation as a characteristic of, or focus of treatment for, adolescent depression. Participants were required to be 11-24 years and experiencing elevated symptoms of depression or a diagnosis. We also met with 14 expert advisory groups of young people with lived experience, clinicians, and researchers, for their input. Findings from 46 peer-reviewed research studies are presented alongside views of 64 expert advisors, to identify what is known and what is missing in the literature.Results: Three overarching topics were identified following the review and reflections from advisors: 1) What does it look like? 2) Where does it come from? and 3) How can we change it?The literature identified that young people view themselves more negatively and less positively when depressed, however expert advisors explained that view of self is complex and varies for each individual. Literature identified preliminary evidence of a bidirectional relationship between self-evaluation and depression, however, advisors raised questions regarding the influences and mechanisms involved, such as being influenced by the social environment, and by the cognitive capacity of the individual. Finally, there was a consensus from the literature and expertadvisors that self-evaluation can improve across treatment. However, research literature was limited, with only 11 identified studies covering a diverse range of interventions and self-2evaluation measures. Various barriers and facilitators to working on self-evaluation in treatment were highlighted by advisors, as well as suggestions for treatment approaches. Conclusions: Findings indicate the importance of self-evaluation in adolescent depression, but highlight the need for more research on which treatments and treatment components are most effective in changing self-evaluation.
Behavioral consequences and intervention of financial shocks
Authors: Larsen Vance , Carriaga Riona , Wething Hilary , Zhao Jiaying , Hall Crystal
Published: September 2021

An increasing number of individuals report hardship to cover financial shortfalls, but most research to date examines expense shocks (e.g., a car repair) rather than income shocks (e.g., a one-time pay cut). Here we explore the behavioral consequences of expense and income shocks and propose a self-affirmation intervention to mitigate the psychological toll posed by financial shocks. In three experiments, participants were presented with a hypothetical financial emergency (i.e., a one-time income shock or expense shock) and answered questions afterwards. We found that income shocks evoked more methods of coping, were harder to cope with, more impactful on daily life, and perceived as more of a loss than expense shocks of the same amount. Self-affirmation as a behavioral intervention successfully mitigated some of the deleterious effects of the shocks. The findings contribute a more nuanced understanding of decision making in response to shortfalls by differentiating income and expense shocks. Our study suggests that there are psychological distinctions in how different financial shocks are perceived. This evidence can inform the strategies used to prevent and cope with financial emergencies and inform public policy to support household financial management.
PENERAPAN SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING DALAM MENINGKATKAN KESEHATAN MENTAL
Authors: Tumanggor Raja Oloan
Published: September 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic affects many aspects of people's lives, both from the economic, socio-political and healthaspects. In terms of health, this pandemic has not only caused problems in the field of physical health, but alsomental health. One of the groups exposed to mental health problems is students at both the elementary and middleschool levels. The distance learning system implemented among high school students causes boredom, especiallywhen it is coupled with a lot of assignments from teachers. This makes students become stressed. This situation isalso experienced by students at SMA Lia Stephanie Kalideres, West Jakarta. Since distance learning wasimplemented more than a year ago, many students have experienced mental health problems, for example variouschanges in behavior from being cheerful to being moody and quick-tempered. At the time of online learning thereare students who do not want to talk and are lazy to carry out lesson assignments. PKM with an output target of thisproceeding article was carried out based on the results of applied product research (PPT) for the 2017 fiscal yearentitled 'The role of spiritual well-being on resilience and mental health in conflict victims. From the research, it isfound that there is a relationship between spiritual well-being and mental health. In addition, one aspect that playsa role in improving mental health is to improve spiritual well-being. The higher a person's spiritual well-being, thebetter his mental health. The solution to be offered for the students is to apply spiritual well-being, so that they cannot only be free from mental health disorders, but also be able to improve their mental health. PKM which wascarried out for 41 students in the form of psychoeducation aims to raise awareness that improving spiritual wellbeingcan improve a person's mental health.
Problem solving as an active ingredient in indicated prevention and treatment of youth depression and anxiety: An integrative review
Authors: Michelson Daniel
Published: September 2021

Purpose: Problem solving is a common focus of psychological interventions for young people. However, existing evidence syntheses are relatively limited in their scope and conclusions. Taking a transdiagnostic approach and incorporating diverse sources of evidence, we examined the role of problem solving as an active ingredient for the indicated prevention and treatment of depression and anxiety in 14-24-year-olds.Method: Three information sources were integrated: (i) a systematic review of randomised controlled trials of problem solving; (ii) a meta-synthesis of qualitative evidence on the therapeutic experience of problem solving; and (iii) consultations with a Youth Advisory Group (YAG). Insights from the YAG were analysed thematically and integrated alongside other sources using a framework synthesis method.Results: Problem solving appeared to be effective as a sole intervention for depression but not anxiety. Multi-component interventions with a problem-solving element achieved moderate effect sizes for both conditions. There was no clear evidence that effectiveness varied by population characteristics, intervention formats or contextual factors. Qualitative evidence and youth consultations highlighted positive views about the practicality, simplicity and flexibility of problem solving. Converging sources also suggested changes in problem orientation as a key transdiagnostic process contributing to positive outcomes.Conclusions: Problem solving is a widely applicable therapeutic approach that can help young people with emotional problems to resolve specific stressors and lead to a more hopeful mindset about managing future challenges. Implications for practice are discussed.
Cognition, Behaviour, and Mental Health in Struggling Learners: A Spotlight on Girls
Authors: Guy Jacalyn , Mareva Silvana , Franckel Grace , Team the CALM , Holmes Joni
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Fewer girls than boys are identified as struggling at school. The objectives of this study were to: i) identify dimensions of cognition, behaviour and mental health in a unique transdiagnostic sample of struggling learners; ii) test whether these constructs were equivalent for boys and girls, and; iii) compare their performance across the dimensions. Methods: 805 school-aged children, identified by practitioners as experiencing problems in cognition and learning, completed cognitive assessments, and parents/carers rated their behaviour and mental health problems. Results: Three cognitive, three behavioural, and two mental health dimensions distinguished the sample. Dimensions were structurally comparable between boys and girls, but differences in severity were present: girls had greater cognitive impairments; boys had more severe externalising problems. Conclusions: Gender biases to stereotypically male behaviours are prevalent among practitioners, even when the focus is on identifying cognitive and learning difficulties. This underscores the need to include cognitive and female-representative criteria in diagnostic systems to identify girls whose difficulties could go easily undetected.
Компьютерная программа когнитивно-поведенческой терапии для мобильных приложений «АНТИ-ДЕПРЕССИЯ» iCognito: результаты исследования эффективности
Authors: Troitskaya Olga , Batkhina Anastasia
Published: September 2021

В статье приводятся исследования результативности программы «Анти-депрессия» iCognito, разработанной на основе методов когнитивно-поведенческой терапии для массового использования. Программа реализуется в формате микро-сессий с чатботом в мобильном приложении. Исследование подтвердило, что через две недели пользователи программы «Анти-депрессия» продемонстрировали снижение уровня депрессии, тревожности, стресса, руминаций и проблем со сном; повышение уровня сострадания к себе, осознанности, позитивной ориентации на решение проблем, самоэффективности, субъективного восприятия благополучия и оптимизма.
Self-reported mind wandering reflects executive control and selective attention
Authors: Hawkins Guy , Mittner Matthias , Forstmann Birte , Heathcote Andrew
Published: September 2021

Mind wandering is ubiquitous in everyday life and has pervasive and profound impacts on task-related performance. A range of psychological processes have been proposed to underlie these performance-related decrements, including failures of executive control, volatile information processing, and shortcomings in selective attention to critical task-relevant stimuli. Despite progress in the development of such theories, existing descriptive analyses have limited capacity to discriminate between the theories. We propose a cognitive-model based analysis that simultaneously explains self-reported mind wandering and task performance. We quantitatively compare six explanations of poor performance in the presence of mind wandering. The competing theories are distinguished by whether there is an impact on executive control and, if so, how executive control acts on information processing, and whether there is an impact on volatility of information processing. Across two experiments using the sustained attention to response task, we find quantitative evidence that mind wandering is associated with two latent factors. Our strongest conclusion is that executive control is impaired: increased mind wandering is associated with reduced ability to inhibit habitual response tendencies. Our nuanced conclusion is that executive control deficits manifest in reduced ability to selectively attend to the information value of rare but task-critical events.
Free to choose: Mutualist Motives for Partner Choice, Proportional Division, Punishment, and Help
Authors: Lin Chien-An , Bates Timothy Charles
Published: September 2021

Mutualism – the disposition to cooperate in ways that benefit both actor and recipient – has been proposed as a key construct in the evolution of cooperation, with distinct adaptations for 1) partner choice, 2) division, 3) punishment, and 4) helping. However, no psychological measure or validation of this psychological structure exists. To fill this need, in two pre-registered studies (total N = 902), we: (A) Develop and administer items assessing each of the four mutualist adaptations; (B) Show good fit to the predicted four factor model; (C) Demonstrate reliability and stability across time; (D) Evidence discriminant validity from existing constructs, including compassion and utilitarianism; (E) Establish external validity by predicting proportional choices in catch division, opposition to partner coercion, and reduced support for redistribution; and (F) Replicate each of these findings. Jointly, these results support the validity of mutualism, including a motive to maintain the freedom to choose, and provide reliable scales for use in integrating, further developing, and applying mutualism.
Vertrauen und Beteiligung in der Schule. Typenanalyse einer qualitativen Interviewstudie mit Eltern
Authors: Adamczyk Judith
Published: September 2021

Der Beitrag stellt eine empirisch-qualitative Studie vor, die das Vertrauen von Eltern in die Schule in den Fokus stellt. Ein Bestandteil der Datenanalyse ist eine Typenanalyse der interviewten Eltern von schulpflichtigen Kindern, in die die Beteiligung der Eltern in der Schule als Kategorie einbezogen wird. Vertrauen und Elternbeteiligung werden abschließend vor dem Hintergrund der derzeitigen pandemischen Situation kurz diskutiert.
Ungleiches ungleich behandeln. Alternative Vorschläge zur Verteilung der Bundesmittel des Programms „Aufholen nach Corona“ auf die einzelnen Länder – Online First am 26. Mai 2021 –
Authors: Fickermann Detlef , Hoffmann Ilka
Published: September 2021

Die Bundesregierung hat am 05.05.2021 Eckpunkte zu einem Aktionsprogramm „Aufholen nach Corona“ beschlossen. Vorgesehen sind hierfür insgesamt zwei Milliarden Euro, die den Ländern durch eine Änderung des Verteilungsschlüssels der Umsatzsteuern zwischen Bund und Ländern zur Verfügung gestellt werden. Im vorliegenden Beitrag zur Diskussion werden unterschiedliche Modelle vorgestellt, wie die Mittel möglichst gerecht auf die einzelnen Länder verteilt werden könnten. Eine Verteilung nach dem üblichen Königsteiner Schlüssel würde wie zuvor schon bei anderen Bund-Länder-Programmen zu einer Ungleichbehandlung von Schüler*innen führen.
Palbociclib-induced severe hepatitis: A case study and literature review
Authors: Hyppolite Jessie Jean , Hilzenrat Nir
Published: September 2021

Palbociclib is a selective and reversible CDK4/6 inhibitor approved for patients presenting with HR+ HER2– locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Its adverse effect (AE) is mainly reported on the occurrence of leukopenia and fatigue. Even though palbociclib has an extensive hepatic metabolism, there are rare reports about significant liver toxicity. We present the case of a 61-year-old female with metastatic breast cancer treated with palbociclib and an aromatase inhibitor (letrozole). The patient developed a rare AE of severe acute drug-induced hepatitis but improved dramatically after stopping the palbociclib and receiving treatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The treatment with NAC may be a proof of concept for the mechanism of palbociclib liver injury.
A poststructural discourse analysis of the attitudes, beliefs, and values of undergraduate Canadian university students regarding sexual orientation
Authors: Joy Phillip , Crawford Zac , Sinno Jad , Walters Jared , Numer Matthew
Published: September 2021

The socio-politico-cultural context of sexual orientation often influences the attitudes, beliefs, and values produced in a given society. This study employed a qualitative methodology to explore the current attitudes, beliefs, and values of Canadian undergraduate students about sexual orientation. Students in a large human sexuality course at a Canadian university completed open-ended questions on the educational platform Top Hat. The data were analyzed using discourse analysis and four threads of discourse emerged: 1) The Nature of Sexual Orientation, 2) Gender Norms and Bisexuality, 3) Shared Connections, and 4) Foundations of Friendships. These findings contribute to the growing body of knowledge relating to changing attitudes, beliefs, and values about sexual orientation of Canadian university students.
We Are All Curators Now
Authors: Skidmore James M.
Published: September 2021

The volume of information circulating online has become so large that it overwhelms the human capacity to comprehend it. Although algorithms and digital tools may be necessary simply to cope with the flow of data, people still need to learn how to select, use, and interpret the digital material available to them; in short, they need to adopt some of the principles of curation to contend with the information overflow. Educators, whose work as teachers makes them natural curators, have a critical role to play in helping learners develop their curation skills.
Checklist and new data on Encyrtidae of Transcaucasia and Turkey (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea)
Authors: Japoshvili G.O. , Noyes J.S.
Published: September 2021

Distributional and host records are summarised for 307 species, belonging to 101 genera that are recorded from Transcaucasia and Turkey. Of these, 160 species are recorded from Georgia, 171 from Armenia, 145 from Azerbaijan and 111 from Turkey; 21 species are recorded for the first time from Georgia, 34 from Turkey and 3 from Azerbaijan; one species from Georgia (Discodes valentinae sp. n.) is described as new; Ericydnus aeneus Nikol’skaya is restored as a distinct species (not a synonym of E. robustior Mercet); four species are treated as junior synonyms (Callipteroma testacea Motschulsky = C. baglanensis Myartseva, Microterys bellae Trjapitzin = M. eulecanii Pilipjuk & Sugonjaev, Psyllaephagus elaeagni Trjapitzin = P. bachardenicus Myartseva = P. rubriscutellatus Myartseva); other possible synonyms are also discussed and 17 new host records are presented.
Notes on the species of the genus Encarsia Foerster (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae) introduced to Mexico for biological control of the blackfly Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), with description of a new species
Authors: Myartseva S.N.
Published: September 2021

Notes on Encarsia species introduced to Mexico for biological control of the citrus blackfly are given. Encarsia colima sp. n. is described from Mexico. The new species has been reared from citrus blackfly Aleurocanthus woglumi Ashby in the state of Colima.
Импульсный магнитный контроль толщины металлических покрытий
Authors: Сясько В.А. , Васильев А.Ю.
Published: September 2021

The research results of the characteristics of magneto-inductive thickness gauges measuring transducers using harmonic excitation currents for the case of inspecting electrically conductive coatings are presented, on the basis of which a transducing algorithm is proposed and described in detail, which involves pulsed excitation of a magnetic field and the use of the induced EMF area as a primary informative parameter when suppressing the influence of network and pulse noise, used in serial thickness gauges of metallic non-ferromagnetic coatings on ferromagnetic substrates.
Countable sets versus sets that are countable in reverse mathematics
Authors: Sanders Sam
Published: September 2021

The program Reverse Mathematics (RM for short) seeks to identify the axioms necessary to prove theorems of ordinary mathematics, usually working in the language of second-order arithmetic [Formula: see text]. A major theme in RM is therefore the study of structures that are countable or can be approximated by countable sets. Now, countable sets must be represented by sequences here, because the higher-order definition of ‘countable set’ involving injections/bijections to [Formula: see text] cannot be directly expressed in [Formula: see text]. Working in Kohlenbach’s higher-order RM, we investigate various central theorems, e.g. those due to König, Ramsey, Bolzano, Weierstrass, and Borel, in their (often original) formulation involving the definition of ‘countable set’ based on injections/bijections to [Formula: see text]. This study turns out to be closely related to the logical properties of the uncountably of [Formula: see text], recently developed by the author and Dag Normann. Now, ‘being countable’ can be expressed by the existence of an injection to [Formula: see text] (Kunen) or the existence of a bijection to [Formula: see text] (Hrbacek–Jech). The former (and not the latter) choice yields ‘explosive’ theorems, i.e. relatively weak statements that become much stronger when combined with discontinuous functionals, even up to [Formula: see text]. Nonetheless, replacing ‘sequence’ by ‘countable set’ seriously reduces the first-order strength of these theorems, whatever the notion of ‘set’ used. Finally, we obtain ‘splittings’ involving e.g. lemmas by König and theorems from the RM zoo, showing that the latter are ‘a lot more tame’ when formulated with countable sets.
SeMBlock: A semantic-aware meta-blocking approach for entity resolution
Authors: Javdani Delaram , Rahmani Hossein , Weiss Gerhard
Published: September 2021

Entity resolution refers to the process of identifying, matching, and integrating records belonging to unique entities in a data set. However, a comprehensive comparison across all pairs of records leads to quadratic matching complexity. Therefore, blocking methods are used to group similar entities into small blocks before the matching. Available blocking methods typically do not consider semantic relationships among records. In this paper, we propose a Semantic-aware Meta-Blocking approach called SeMBlock. SeMBlock considers the semantic similarity of records by applying locality-sensitive hashing (LSH) based on word embedding to achieve fast and reliable blocking in a large-scale data environment. To improve the quality of the blocks created, SeMBlock builds a weighted graph of semantically similar records and prunes the graph edges. We extensively compare SeMBlock with 16 existing blocking methods, using three real-world data sets. The experimental results show that SeMBlock significantly outperforms all 16 methods with respect to two relevant measures, F-measure and pair-quality measure. F-measure and pair-quality measure of SeMBlock are approximately 7% and 27%, respectively, higher than recently released blocking methods.
A novel genetic algorithm for curriculum sequence optimization
Authors: Benmesbah Ouissem , Lamia Mahnane , Hafidi Mohamed
Published: September 2021

A curriculum sequence represents a match between learners’ preferences, needs, and surroundings from one side, and the learning content characteristics and the pedagogical requirements from the other side. The curriculum sequence adaptation problem (CSA) is considered as an important issue in adaptive and personalized learning field. It concerns the dynamic generation of a personal optimal learning path for a specific learner. This problem has gained an increased research interest in the last decade, and heuristics and meta-heuristics are usually used to solve it. In this direction, this paper summarizes existing works and presents a novel GA-based approach modeled as an objective optimization problem to deal with this problem. The experimental results from simulations showed that the proposed GA could outperform particle swarm optimization (PSO) and a random search approach in many simulated datasets. Moreover, from a pedagogical perspective, positive learners’ feedback and high acceptance towards the proposed approach is indicated.
Some q-rung orthopair trapezoidal fuzzy linguistic hamacher aggregation operators and their applications
Authors: Du Yuqin , Ren Weijia , Du Yuhong , Hou Fujun
Published: September 2021

A Hamacher operator in a q-rung orthopair trapezoidal fuzzy linguistic environment is studied based on the definition of the q-rung orthopair fuzzy set and the Hamacher aggregation operator. First, we define a new fuzzy variable called q-rung orthopair trapezoidal fuzzy linguistic sets, and the operational laws, score function, accuracy function, comparison rules, and distance measures of the IVPFLVS are defined. Second, based on the Hamacher operator and the q-rung orthopair trapezoidal fuzzy linguistic sets, we propose several q-rung trapezoidal fuzzy linguistic Hamacher operator information aggregation operators, such as the generalized q-rung orthopair trapezoidal fuzzy linguistic Hamacher weighted averaging (q-GROTrFLHWA) operator, and the generalized q-rung orthopair trapezoidal fuzzy linguistic Hamacher weighted geometric (q-GROTrFLHWG) operator. Third, some desirable properties of the correlation operators, such as idempotency, boundedness, and monotonicity are discussed. Finally, there are two group decision schemes based on q-rung orthopair trapezoidal fuzzy information with known attribute weights. The decision-making scheme is applied to the evaluation of school teaching quality, and the practicability and effectiveness of the scheme are demonstrated by different methods.
DPTCN: A novel deep CNN model for short text classification
Authors: Yu Shujuan , Liu Danlei , Zhang Yun , Zhao Shengmei , Wang Weigang
Published: September 2021

As an important branch of Nature Language Processing (NLP), how to extract useful text information and effective long-range associations has always been a bottleneck for text classification. With the great effort of deep learning researchers, deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have made remarkable achievements in Computer Vision but still controversial in NLP tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel deep CNN named Deep Pyramid Temporal Convolutional Network (DPTCN) for short text classification, which is mainly consisting of concatenated embedding layer, causal convolution, 1/2 max pooling down-sampling and residual blocks. It is worth mentioning that our work was highly inspired by two well-designed models: one is temporal convolutional network for sequential modeling; another is deep pyramid CNN for text categorization; as their applicability and pertinence remind us how to build a model in a special domain. In the experiments, we evaluate the proposed model on 7 datasets with 6 models and analyze the impact of three different embedding methods. The results prove that our work is a good attempt to apply word-level deep convolutional network in short text classification.
SE4SA: a deep syntactical contextualized text representation learning approach for sentiment analysis
Authors: Vo Tham
Published: September 2021

Recently, many pre-trained text embedding models have been applied to effectively extract latent features from texts and achieve remarkable performance in various downstream tasks of sentiment analysis domain. However, these pre-trained text embedding models also encounter limitations related to the capability preserving the syntactical structure as well as the global long-range dependent relationships of words. Thus, they might fail to recognize the relevant syntactical features of words as valuable evidences for analyzing sentiment aspects. To overcome these limitations, we proposed a novel deep semantic contextual embedding technique for sentiment analysis, called as: SE4SA. Our proposed SE4SA is a multi-level text embedding model which enables to jointly exploit the long-range syntactical and sequential representations of texts. Then, these achieved rich semantic textual representations can support to have a better understanding on the sentiment aspects of the given text corpus, thereby resulting the better performance on sentiment analysis task. Extensive experiments in several benchmark datasets demonstrate the effectiveness or our proposed SE4SA model in comparing with recent state-of-the-art model.
A literature review on the benefits of serious games to the literacy process of children with disabilities and learning difficulties
Authors: Malaquias Rodrigo Fernandes , Malaquias Fernanda Francielle de Oliveira
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Many studies have been developed to explore and better understand the interaction between individuals and technological resources in the context of special education. These studies show that Information and Communication Technologies, and more specifically digital games, have the potential to improve the learning process of children with disabilities. OBJECTIVE: The main purpose of this paper was to develop a literature review in order to identify the benefits of the use of Serious Games (SG) to the literacy process of children with disabilities and learning difficulties. METHODS: Previous studies related to the use of Serious Games (SG) in the literacy process of children with disabilities and learning difficulties were identified and analyzed. Considering the expressions, keywords and criteria used to select the papers, the sample was comprised of 25 studies. RESULTS: The main results show that SG, when used as assistive technologies, contribute to the literacy process, since children usually feel motivated to play the games and learn. Moreover, we identified that to benefit the literacy process, games need to be easy to use, challenging, enjoyable and include feedback, reinforcements and interactive resources. CONCLUSIONS: The literature indicates that the use of SG can stimulate engagement and that interactive activities can contribute to the literacy process of children with disabilities and learning difficulties.
Designing virtual natural environments for older adults in residential care facilities
Authors: Lundstedt Rikard , Håkansson Carita , Lõhmus Mare , Wallergård Mattias
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Spending time in natural environments is beneficial for mental health and cognitive function. Unfortunately, many elderly citizens, who would potentially gain from these beneficial effects, have limited or no access to natural environments. Virtual reality may provide the experience of being present in a natural environment without the need of transportation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to acquire an understanding of how residents and staff at a residential care facility may use and experience different virtual natural environments, and thus aid the design of virtual natural environments. METHODS: We used qualitative method, collecting data through interviews and observations. The data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: Exposure to virtual natural environments provoked various emotional reactions, and promoted skill development and social interaction among participants. The staff perceived virtual natural environments as potentially useful for, for example, improving residents’ anxiety. We identified several user interface improvements. CONCLUSIONS: The present study discusses how various aspects of virtual natural environments work in relation to the experience of a user and how this might affect wellbeing in older adults. These aspects may be valuable to consider in the design of virtual natural environments for use at residential care facilities.
Risk management in occupational safety: A systematic mapping
Authors: da Rosa Ana Caroline Francisco , Lapasini Leal Gislaine Camila , Galdamez Edwin Vladimir Cardoza , de Souza Rodrigo Clemente Thom
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Occupational safety risk management is a systemic process capable of promoting technical engineering solutions, considering a wide range of predictable, unexpected and subjective factors related to accident occurrences. In Brazil, the behavior of managers in relation to risk management tends to be reactive, and facilitates access to information for crucial practical and academic purposes when it comes to changing the attitude of managers, so that their actions become increasingly more proactive. OBJECTIVE: To identify, classify, analyze, and discuss the existing literature related to the topic, produced from 2008 to 2020, besides contributing to a broader understanding of risk management in occupational safety. METHODS: We did a systematic literature mapping. The research process was documented starting by the planning stage. Afterwards, the focus was on research conduction and information synthesis. RESULTS: Knowledge systematization and stratification about OHS risk management through various perspectives to identify, analyze and manage risks in the workplace. Were identified 37 tools for identifying and analyzing risks, management-related practices and future research trends. CONCLUSIONS: The set of tools and management practices identified can be used as a support for decision making in the selection process of tools and practices to reduce risks and improve occupational safety. Also, the results can help target future research.
A mixed methods study of employers’ and employees’ evaluations of job seekers with a mental illness, disability, or of a cultural minority
Authors: Fyhn Tonje , Sveinsdottir Vigdis , Reme Silje E. , Sandal Gro M.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND: Groups in society that are under-represented in the workforce encounter various barriers in the job-seeking process. Some of these barriers are found on the employer’s side of the table. OBJECTIVE: This study investigates supervisors’ and employees’ assessments of job seekers with different forms of disabilities, health issues, or with a minority background. It also investigates respondents’ previous experience with such colleagues, and whether supervisor status affects their assessments. METHODS: A survey was distributed among supervisors (n = 305) and employees (n = 925) using a vignette design with ten characters, inquiring about willingness to include such an employee in their work group. The vignettes described job seekers with either a mental illness, a physical disability or a cultural minority. Risk ratio (RR) was calculated for being assessed positively, using a vignette character describing a single mother as reference. RESULTS: Vignette characters describing mental health issues and physical disabilities were less likely to be assessed positively than the reference case, except for the vignette describing audio impairment. Cultural minorities were assessed as positive, or more positively than the reference case. Supervisors and employees generally agreed in their assessments of vignette characters, and previous experience was consistently associated with a more positive assessment of the character in question. Various barriers to include the least favoured vignette characters were identified. CONCLUSIONS: Although some findings are promising with regard to increasing work participation for underrepresented groups, barriers pertaining to some of the vignette characters should be addressed in vocational rehabilitation efforts, as well as in organizations seeking to enhance equal opportunities and diversity.
2nd Order Parallel Splitting Methods for Heat Equation
Authors: M. Aziz  , M. A. Rehman
Published: September 2021

In this paper, heat equation in two dimensions with non local boundary condition is solved numerically by 2nd order parallel splitting technique. This technique used to approximate spatial derivative and a matrix exponential function is replaced by a rational approximation. Simpson’s 1/3 rule is also used to approximate the non local boundary condition. The results of numerical experiments are checked and compared with the exact solution, as well as with the results already existed in the literature and found to be highly accurate.
A Study of Heart Enzyme Profile in Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Muhammad Rafiq Khan  , M Khan  , A Shah
Published: September 2021

The work reported in this article was carried out to determine the role of cardiac enzymes in myocardial infarction. The cardiac enzyme levels of 30 normal subjects and 30 infarcted subjects were determined and compared by statistical analysis. The peak values of the statistical averages of CPK, AST and LDH were compared. The comparison indicated that the peak levels of cardiac enzymes in infarcted subjects were 1.5 to 6.1 times that of the normal subjects. The results also showed that the correlation between the cardiac enzyme concentration levels and the gravity of myocardial infarction was highly significant. From the results, it may be concluded that whenever there is an occurrence of myocardial infarction, higher levels of cardiac enzymes will be present in the blood of the infracted subjects as compared to that in the blood of normal subjects.
Odontogenic Keratocyst finding with Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): a case report
Authors: Putra Phimatra Jaya , Hartoyo Hutomo Mandala , Sim Mellisa
Published: September 2021

Objectives: The purpose of this case report is to analyze the incidental finding of an odontogenic keratocyst on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) examination for the case of an impacted tooth 48.

Case Report: A 48-year-old man came with a consul letter to perform a CBCT examination with complaints of loose teeth on the right posterior mandible starting from the premolars. Coincidentally found on a sagittal view showed a wide radiolucency lesion on the internal part of the jaw and not related to the impacted tooth. The treatment plan is to remove the lesion and perform a biopsy and perform postoperative panoramic radiograph.

Conclusion: The characteristics of the odontogenic keratocyst lesion can be visualized clearly on CBCT. The use of CBCT in analyzing the type and size of the lesion is very helpful in planning surgical treatment. Odontogenic keratocysts can be well-diagnosed using a combination of CBCT examination with histopathological examination to determine the most effective management and prevent a recurrence.
Dental age estimation methods in children based on radiograph panoramic
Authors: Agitha Shintya Rizki Ayu , Annariswati Icha Artyas
Published: September 2021

Objectives: Age estimation is a key point in forensics, archeology, pediatrics and pediatric dentistry. Analysis using the development of teeth is one of the available methods that are used for physical identification, as well as age, in children. This article reviewed several journals about the methods of age identification, especially in children. The purpose of this review was to briefly inform about the recent researches regarding the application of age identification methods in children by using panoramic radiography as it is the most widely used method, in the years 2020-2021.

Review: This article was a narrative review. Analyzed articles were searched from the PubMed database which were published between 2020 until 2021. There were 12 journals in accordance with the inclusion criteria of age estimation method in children using panoramic radiography.

Conclusion: 7 of 12 journals that met the inclusion criteria used Willems method in the researches, 5 journals used Demirjian method, 3 journals used Cameriere method, 2 journals used Nolla method. Willems method was the most used analysis for identifying age and proved to be effective for identification in various populations, such as Belgium, Caucasian, Turkish, Saudi Arabian, Kenyan, Chinese and Taiwanese.
The Mythisation of the Holocaust
Authors: Jerzak Katarzyna
Published: September 2021

The author of this review article critically discusses the book Dzieciństwo w la­biryncie getta. Recepcja mitu labiryntu w polskiej literaturze dziecięcej o Zagładzie [Childhood in the Labyrinth of the Ghetto: Reception of the Labyrinth Myth in Polish Children’s Literature about the Holocaust] by Krzysztof Rybak (2019). She examines the monograph in the context of, inter alia, the research already conducted in the field, literary works, architecture, memorials, the Holocaust victims’, survivors’, and witnesses’ testimonies, as well as in relation to the pos­sible symbolic links of the Shoah and the antiquity. The paper’s conclusion is that children’s literature can hardly prevent the mythisation of the Holocaust, but Rybak’s book proves beyond doubt the perseverance of myth. The banalisation, simplification, and trivialisation of the Shoah, as well as the issues of appropriateness and memory, are also important concepts that frame the author’s reflec­tions presented in this paper.
Od redakcji
Authors: Niewieczerzał Marta , Skowera Maciej
Published: September 2021

Warszawa w kulturze dziecięcej i młodzieżowej – dzieciństwo i młodość w Warszawie – wprowadzenie do numeru.
ВИНА ЯК КРИМІНАЛЬНО-ПРАВОВА КАТЕГОРІЯ ТА ЇЇ ВПЛИВ НА КВАЛІФІКАЦІЮ ЗЛОЧИНУ
Authors: Любавіна Вікторія
Published: September 2021

У статті розкрита сутність та зміст категорії вини, розглянуто її форми і види, а також проаналізовано правозастосовну практику з метою здійснення комплексної розробки питань впливу провини на кваліфікацію злочинів; запропоновані рекомендації щодо вдосконалення кримінального законодавства і практики його застосування. Також висвітлюються концепції винної відповідальності, які існують у вітчизняному кримінальному праві. Розглядаються переваги і недоліки існуючих визначень провини, а також досліджується питання, які елементи становлять винне ставлення особи до свого діяння і підлягають обов'язковому доказуванню у кримінальній справі, а які суб'єктивні ознаки повинні бути встановлені лише у конкретних випадках.
АКТУАЛЬНІ ПРОБЛЕМИ КЛАСИФІКАЦІЇ СУДОВИХ ЕКСПЕРТИЗ
Authors: Царинний Євгеній , Канівець Павло
Published: September 2021

У статті вивчено актуальні проблеми класифікації судових експертиз. Акцент зроблено на проблематиці визначення базових критеріїв та підстав формування класифікацій. Вивчено значення поняття «спеціальні знання» у процесі формування класифікації на різних рівнях. Виявлено базові дефініції процесу класифікації в сучасній науці. Проаналізовано триланкову систему ознак-підстав класифікації судових експертиз на основі поєднання предмету, об’єкту та методу дослідження. Виявлено проблему недосконалості поділу судових експертиз відповідно до загальної класифікації наук. Визначено необхідність комбінування спеціальних знань та поєднання методу, предмету та об’єкту дослідження як базових критеріїв та підстав формування класифікації удових експертиз. Запропоновано базову класифікацію судових експертиз відповідно до цих критеріїв. Визначено потенційні можливості її застосування для подальшого формування класифікацій судових експертиз, які можна було б застосовувати на практиці.
АНАЛІЗ ПОНЯТТЯ ХМАРНІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ: ВИДИ, КАТЕГОРІЇ, ПЕРЕВАГИ ТА НЕДОЛІКИ
Authors: Андрощук Ольга , Головченко Олександр , Литовченко Ганна , Петрушен Микола
Published: September 2021

У статті було проаналізовано та визначено загальні принципи хмарних технологій та сервісів, хмарних обчислень, історію їх зародження та розвитку. Проаналізовано всі недоліки і переваги існуючих хмарних моделей порівняно з локальними аналогами. Також були розглянуті питання інформаційної безпеки хмарних сервісів та захисту даних у хмарі. Розглянуто основи технології хмарних обчислень, проаналізовано їх переваги та недоліки. Особливу увагу приділено аналізу застосування даної технології в держвідомствах, а також в якості основи розроблюваних систем інформаційної інфраструктури. Виокремлено актуальні проблеми які виникають під час експлуатації “хмар”. Проаналізовано приклади зарубіжного досвіду успішного використання “хмарних технологій”.
BIM ЯК ЗАСІБ ВИРІШЕННЯ ПРОБЛЕМ ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ
Authors: Гуторов Олександр
Published: September 2021

У статті розглянуто наукові підходи до визначення понять «інформаційне моделювання будівель», «будівельна інформаційна модель» та обґрунтовано зв’язок між ними. Виявлено чим відрізняється інформаційна модель від 3D-моделі. Дано відповіді на наступні питання: «як працює BIM?», «на якому етапі потрібен BIM?», «яка інформація є основою BIM?», «які можливості BIM-систем». Сформовано основні принципи BIM: тривимірне моделювання, автоматичне отримання креслень, інтелектуальна параметризація об'єктів, набори проєктних даних, що відповідають об'єктам, розподіл процесу будівництва за тимчасовими етапами. Сформульовано основні цілі і завдання сучасного BIM-проєктування: розробка проєктної документації на новому якісному рівні, прискорення оформлення та прийняття готових проєктних рішень, аналітики та прогнозування експлуатаційних властивостей створюваних і вже діючих об'єктів, оперативної підготовки будівельних планів і кошторисної документації, швидкого розміщення замовлень на виробництво необхідних конструкцій, матеріалів і устаткування. Виявлено основні переваги технології BIM на кожній стадії життєвого циклу будівельного об'єкта, практичну користь від інформаційної моделі будівлі, форми отримання інформації з BIM-моделі придатну для подальшого використання різними програмними засобами проєктування, розрахунку та аналізу будівлі та всіх вхідних в нього компонентів і систем, основні завдання BIM-менеджера – забезпечити ефективне застосування технології всередині організації, між її відділами, з підрядниками. Схематично продемонстровано яка інформація відноситься до BIM, що надходить в модель і отримується з моделі. Намічено основні шляхи розвитку BIM: підвищення конкурентоспроможність вітчизняного будівельного комплексу; зниження собівартість на етапі проєктування і проведення експертизи проєктної документації; мінімізує ризики виникнення надзвичайних ситуацій в ході проєктування і будівництва різних об'єктів. Досліджено еволюцію, етапи становлення та перспективи розвитку інформаційного моделювання в будівельному проєктуванні.