bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of Exercise‐Induced Asthma in Adult Asthmatics
Authors: Bundgaard Allan
Published: May 2007

One‐hundred and fourteen adults (48 males, 66 females, average age 35.5 years, range 16‐61 years) were tested for bronchial asthma. Eighty‐nine were given the clinical diagnosis asthma bronchiale. Of these 89 patients 68 (76%) had exercise‐induced fall in PEF. Twenty‐one (24%) showed no fall in PEF. The incidence of exercise‐induced fall in PEF was the same among patients with extrinsic as among patients with intrinsic asthma. Out of 25, in whom the clinical diagnosis asthma bronchiale was not confirmed, only one patient had exercise‐induced fall in PEF. This patient had chronic bronchitis. Twelve adults without any disease showed no fall in PEF. after exercise.
Effect of Terbutaline on Cutaneous Responses in Man to Rechallenge with Allergen and Compound 48/80
Authors: Grönneberg Reidar , Strandberg Kjell
Published: May 2007

Beta‐adrenoceptor stimulating agents possess anti‐allergic effects in vitro and in vivo. To study the site of action further 15 atopic subjects were pretreated with 1 μg terbutaline injected intradermally (i.d.) followed by allergen challenge. Other skin sites challenged without such pretreatment served as controls. At different time intervals the skin was rechallenged with the same allergen, dissimilar allergen, or the histamine liberating agent, compound 48/80. In addition terbutaline was injected i.d. alone followed by allergen challenge at different time intervals to determine the duration of the anti‐allergic effect.

Pretreatment of the skin with 1 μ‐g terbutaline inhibited skin reactions to subsequently injected allergen with approximately 80% (flare) and 60% (wheal) (P < 0.001) as compared with control. The inhibitory effect of terbutaline on the wheal and flare response to allergen was found to last up to 8 h (P < 0.01). Rechallenge with the same allergen or a dissimilar challenging agent resulted in a reduced skin reaction compared with control challenge (P < 0.01). Skin challenged with allergen in the presence of terbutaline gave a diminished response on rechallenge with the same allergen 24 h later, whereas rechallenge with an unrelated allergen or compound 48/80 produced a response similar to that of the control. The results suggest that allergen challenge in the presence (or absence) of terbutaline desensitizes the mast cells to further challenge with the same allergen and that terbutaline is capable of preventing mediator depletion of skin mast cells.
Asthma in Danish General Practice
Authors: Pedersen Poul A. , Weeke Eva Rung
Published: May 2007

This study from Danish general practice with the participation of 131 practices covering a population of 450, 000 persons assesses all consultations concerning asthma during a 1‐year period from June 1977.

Asthma was defined as paroxysmal bouts of dyspnoea of an expiratory type.

Results are presented from three groups of practices differing in their self‐estimated rate of reporting. A total of seven to nine per 1000 of the population contacted a general practice during the study year (men: 7–10, women: 6–8). The prevalence may be described by a two‐peaked curve with maxima at ages 5–14 years and 50–70 years. In the former group the prevalence rate among boys is double that of girls. In the latter group asthma is more common among women until the age of 55, after that age it is more common among men. More than half of the patients consulted with symptoms during the study year. The isle of Fyn had a lower prevalence rate with and without symptoms than all other regions.

The consultation rate was 5.7 per asthma patient per year. In about 25–30% of these consultations patients presented with symptoms. The isle of Fyn had the lowest consultation rate.
Idiosyncrasy to Pyrazolone Drugs
Authors: Czerniawska‐Mysik G. , Szczeklik A.
Published: May 2007

Studies carried out in 68 patients with idiosyncratic reactions to noramidopyrine and/or aminophenazone led to distinction of two different groups. In the first group: 1) noramidopyrine, aminophenazone, phenylbutazone and sulfinpyrazone as well as several other inhibitors of cyclooxygenase, including aspirin, precipitated bronchoconstriction; 2) skin tests with pyrazolone drugs were virtually negative; 3) all patients had chronic asthma. In the second group: 1) noramidopyrine and aminophenazone induced anaphylactic shock and/or urticaria; 2) skin tests with these drugs were highly positive; 3) phenylbutazone, sulfinpyrazone and several other cyclooxygenase inhibitors, including aspirin, could be taken with impunity; 4) chronic bronchial asthma was present in only one‐fourth of the patients. We suggest that the pathogenic mechanisms responsible for the idiosyncratic reactions involve inhibition of cyclooxygenase in the first group, and allergic reactions in the second group. Distinction of these two groups is of clinical importance since in individual patients it gives insight into the safe administration of pyrazolone and aspirin‐like drugs.
The Importance of Ventilation in Exercise‐Induced Asthma
Authors: Bundgaard Allan , Ingemann‐Hansen Thorsten , Schmidt Anders , Halkjaer‐Kristensen Jens , Bloch Inge
Published: May 2007

The degree of post treadmill‐running decrease in pulmonary function (Exercise‐Induced Asthma) in 11 adult asthmatics was compared with the decrease in pulmonary function followed by resting isocapnic hyperventilation. It was checked that ventilation during the hyperventilation was kept identical to the ventilation during treadmill‐running by continuous recording of respiratory frequency, minute ventilation, tidal volume and accumulated ventilation. The temperature of the inspired air was identical in the two situations and the relative humidity was 40% during treadmill‐running and 15% during hyperventilation. The average accumulated ventilation during treadmill‐running and hyperventilation was 411 1/6 min in both events. The decrease in peak expiratory flow after treadmill‐running was 25% and after isocapnic hyperventilation 24%. It is concluded that the ventilation is of more importance for the decrease in pulmonary function after exercise, than the work load.
Anti‐ENA Antibody in Serum Determined by ELISA‐Technique
Authors: Struckmann J. , Manthorpe R. , Bendixen G.
Published: May 2007

An enzyme linked immune sorbent assay, ELISA, for determination of serum antibodies against two different extractable nuclear antigens, the RNAse sensitive ribonucleoprotein (RNP), and the RNAse resistant Sm‐antigen is described. The technical variables are systematically evaluated and a recommended procedure selected and described.
Purification of Human Basophils by Affinity Chromatography on Anti‐IgE‐Sepharose 6MB
Authors: Toll J. B. C. , Wikberg J. E. S. , Andersson R. G. G.
Published: May 2007

This work describes a method for the purification of basophil leukocytes from human peripheral blood by the use of a three‐step separation technique including affinity chromatography on anti‐IgE‐sepharose 6MB. The purity of the obtained basophils was 50–95% and the recovery was 30–40%. The basophils separated by this method appeared normal and were found to be reactive with anti‐IgE in subsequent tests.
A Double‐Antibody Assay for Grass Pollen‐Specific IgG in Human Serum
Authors: Prahl P. , Skov P. , Løwenstein H. , Hjorter A. , Minuva U. , Nexø E. , Norn S. , Skov P. Stahl , Weeke B. , ØSterballe O.
Published: May 2007

A double‐antibody radioimmunoassay for measurement of grass pollen antigen‐specific IgG in serum is described. Grass pollen antigens were used to show a correlation between the results obtained by this method and those obtained by measuring blocking antibodies by inhibition of antigen‐induced leukocyte histamine release. The new technique described is convenient, sensitive, specific and reproducible and can be recommended for clinical use.
Immediate Skin Test Reactions to Spices
Authors: Niinimäki A. , Hannuksela M.
Published: May 2007

Scratch tests with common spices were performed in 1,120 atopic and 380 non‐atopic patients. Positive skin test reactions were seen almost exclusively in atopics. Curry and paprika produced positive reactions most frequently, and when the components of curry were tested separately, coriander, caraway, cayenne and mustard were responsible for the vast majority of the skin reactions.

A high correlation between positive skin test reactions to spices, especially to curry and its components, and tree pollens, fruits and vegetables was demonstrated, suggesting that there may be a group of cross allergies.

Clinical symptoms from ingested spices were noticed by five patients. When small amounts of spices were spread on the oral mucosa, local reactions, especially in the mouth and nasopharynx, were found in 14 out of 35 unselected patients with positive skin test reactions. Peroral challenges with spices in gelatine capsules were negative in 20 non‐selected patients.
Terbutaline Depot Tablets in Asthma
Authors: Taudorf Ebbe , Bundgaard Allan , Fagerstrom Per Olof , Weeke Eva , Weeke Bent
Published: May 2007

A sustained release preparation of terbutaline sulphate has been formulated (Bricanyl® depot tablets) in order to extend the duration and accordingly change the dosage regimen to twice a day. This presentation gives a summary of a clinical trial performed in order to study effect and side effects of terbutaline depot tablets 7.5 mg twice a day compared to terbutaline tablets 5 mg three times a day.

Patients suffering from perennial asthma and with daily requirement of asthma medicine were accepted for the study. The trial was a double‐blind cross‐over, double dummy and randomized. The tablets were given in two consecutive periods of 7 day's duration each. The effect of terbutaline depot tablets was equal to the effect of the ordinary terbutaline tablets. The indication for using depot tablets in the basic treatment of bronchial asthma is a better patient compliance due to medication twice a day. Furthermore in patients with unstable bronchial asthma and in patients with morning dips in PEF the more stable plasma concentration may perhaps keep the patients in a more steady state.
Double‐Blind Comparative Trial of Nuelin Depot and TheoDur with Adjusted Dosage in Asthmatic Adults
Authors: Langaker Kjell Erik , Osmundsen Karin , Bredesens Jan Erik , Lunde Per Knut M.
Published: May 2007

Equivalent doses of two sustained release preparations of theophylline, Nuelin Depot and TheoDur, were compared in a double blind, cross‐over study. Twenty adult outpatients with COLD were given adjusted doses of the two preparations to reach a peak value of theophylline in steady state within the therapeutic range. The study consisted of two 14‐day periods and airway function parametres, plasma concentrations, asthma symptoms, and side effects were recorded the last day in each period. In addition morning PEER, use of beta2Stimulant aerosol and number of nightly attacks were recorded daily. As judged from the peak‐trough variation of 24.8 μmol for Nuelin Depot and 26.3 μmol/1 for TheoDur as well as the tmax of 4.3 hours for Nuelin and 3.6 hours for TheoDur, both products produced a similar plasma profile. No statistically significant differences were found between the two preparations with respect to airway function parameters, relief of asthma symptoms, need for beta2‐stimulant aerosol or side effects. In conclusion these two sustained release preparations should be considered equivalent for practical use.
Serum Concentrations of Theophylline in Children Treated with Two Daily Doses of a Sustained‐Release Theophylline Preparation
Authors: Sommer B. , Pedersen S. E. , Nathan E.
Published: May 2007

Over a 3‐month period 22 asthmatic children were treated with a sustained‐release theophylline preparation (Nuelin Retard®, Riker) in twice‐daily doses. During the first 2 weeks of treatment slight side‐effects were observed in 14 children. Over the remaining 10‐week period only four children experienced minor side‐effects.

Serum theophylline levels 4 hours after tablet administration were measured three times and serum levels just before tablet administration were measured once during the observation period. The average difference between the serum levels of theophylline just before tablet administration and the corresponding serum value 4 hours afterwards was 4.2 μg/ml. The serum values 4 hours after tablet administration showed an insignificant fall throughout the period and patient compliance was assessed as good.

When the average requirements of theophylline in mg/kg found by Wyatt et al. (15) (Table 2) were used as initial doses, few dosage adjustments were necessary and no serum values were greater than 26.2 μg/ml, but in order to avoid serum levels above 20 μg/ml initial doses should be decreased about 10% and final adjustment made with the aid of serum theophylline measurement under steady state conditions.

In children, Nuelin Retard given in two daily doses is capable of maintaining a constant therapeutic serum concentration for the whole 24‐hour period.
Detergent Enzymes and Occupational Safety
Authors: Zachariae H. , Høegh‐Thomsen J. , Witmeur O. , Wide L.
Published: May 2007

During a 10‐year survey of 667 workers producing the detergent enzyme Esperase®, derived from an alkolophilic strain of Bacillus licheniformis, 31 were found to have been sensitized. All but one were at the same time sensitized to subtilisins, with which they also had been working. No distinction could be made between symptoms attributed to Esperase and symptoms attributed to enzymes derived from Bacillus subtilis (licheniformis) or other enzymes. Symptoms, when present, were mainly from the lower respiratory tract. Nine sensitized workers were symptom‐free. Sensitization was by IgE antibodies and detected by the RAST test. Twenty‐one sensitized workers were transferred for precautionary measures or left the company. All 26 sensitized workers, whom it was possible to follow and reinvestigate, were no longer RAST‐positive. Ten workers remained in their jobs. No signs of deteriorating lung function or permanent lung damage were found. The study indicated that, when strictly enforced, recommended operating procedures for workers handling hitherto well‐known detergent enzymes are sufficient for dealing with Esperase. The data suggest there is no significant risk of consumer Sensitization.
IgE Concentrations Measured by PRIST® in Serum of Healthy Adults and in Patients with Respiratory Allergy
Authors: Zetterstöm Olle , Johansson S. G. O.
Published: May 2007

In order to establish reference values for total serum IgE in an adult non‐atopic population, 175 individuals. 17–85 years of age. were investigated. The usefulness of a sensitive method (PRIST®) for serum JgK determinations in discriminating atopy from mm‐atopic conditions in a Her go logical routine diagnosis was elucidated by investigating 445 patients with symptoms of asthma, rhinitis, urticaria and eczema. Comparisons were made with case histories. in viva tests and circulating IgE antibodies.

The geometric mean for serum IgE in the reference material was 13.2 kU/1 with a 2 SD range of 1.53 to 114 kU/1. No significant difference between age groups or sexes was observed. In patients classified as non‐atopic and pronounced atopic, the geometric mean values for IgE were 40, 123 and 458 kU/1 respectively. The IgE level correlated with number of allergens positive in RAST and with skin test results.

It is concluded that IgE determinations are of great help in discriminating atopic conditions from other diseases with similar symptoms. A serum IgE value above 100 kU/1 in a patient is strong evidence for the presence of an atopic disease while a value below 20 kU/l indicates that the symptoms are due to intrinsic or infectious disease.
Inter‐Relation of Immediate and Late Asthmatic Reactions in Childhood
Authors: Hill D. J.
Published: May 2007

Following bronchial provocation tests with inhalent allergens, late asthmatic reactions (LAR) frequently follow immediate asthma reactions (IAR). This study of atopic asthmatic children demonstrated that patients could show IARs to one allergen, ryegrass extract, but isolated LARs without any preceding immediate response when challenged with an unrelated allergen extract of D. pteronyssinus. The patients’ degree of skirt sensitivity to the concentration of extract inhaled appeared one factor which determined whether an isolated LAR or IAR followed allergen inhalation,
Estimation of Affinity and Quantity of Human Antigen‐Specific Serum IgG (Blocking Antibodies)
Authors: Prahl P. , Skov P. , Minuva U. , Weeke B. , Nexø B.
Published: May 2007

An assay for estimation of quantity and quality of antigen‐specific IgG against two purified antigens from cow hair and dander is described. The substance concentration of antigen‐specific IgG was more than 10 times higher in serum from immunized patients than in serum from non‐immunized patients. Almost the same ka values of 5 × 109l/mol were calculated for IgG in sera from immunized and non‐immunized patients with allergic asthma to cow hair and dander.
Double‐Blind Crossover Trial Comparing Systemic Chromone‐Carboxylic Acid with Placebo in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Kavli Gunnar , Larsen PoulØlholm
Published: May 2007

35 adult patients with atopic dermatitis were included in a double‐blind crossover trial comparing chromone‐2‐carboxylic acid, FPL 57787 18 mg × 4, with placebo. Each treatment period lasted for 6 weeks with clinical assessment every 3 weeks, 28 patients completed 3 weeks of each period. Significant differences at the 5 % level in favour of FPL 57787 were seen in the group starting on placebo. 17 patients completed the study. After 6 weeks there were no significant differences. 10 patients experienced dyspeptic side‐effects. Further studies are warranted on clearly allergic sub‐groups of atopic dermatitis patients.
Influence of Dialysable Transfer Factor on IgE Concentrations in Patients with Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Jarisch Reinhart , Eibl Martha , Sandor Istvan , Boltz Angelika
Published: May 2007

Dialysable transfer factor (TF) was given in 10 paediatric patients with severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Ten patients with AD, matched for age and severity of disease, served as controls.

Prior to the therapy with TF and at weekly intervals thereafter, T‐ and B‐cells in the blood, PHA‐stimulation, total IgE and specific IgE antibodies to inhalant and food antigens were determined. Therapy with TF was followed by IgE depression in 8/10 patients and was most pronounced in three patients with initially high levels. Some decrease of IgE levels was seen in four controls also, none of them, however, fell to normal levels as was seen in two of the treated patients.

Specific IgE levels decreased slightly, but always remained within the pathological range. T‐cell counts in the blood increased in 2/10 cases as well as PHA‐stimulation. B‐cell counts remained within normal limits. Clinical improvement was seen in one patient, five improved slightly and four remained unchanged.

Our results indicate, that transfer factor can lower total IgE levels in cases with atopic dermatis. The effect is most marked in patients with high total IgE levels. Skin involvement, however, does not closely follow in vitro findings.
In vitro Characterization of Synthesized Thyroglobulin Immune Complexes (IC)
Authors: Feldt‐Rasmussen Ulla , Husby Steffen , Blärbjerg Ole , Date John , Nielsen Henrik
Published: May 2007

Human thyroglobulin (Tg) immune complexes (TgIC) were preformed at different ratios from purified Tg, and Tg antibodies (TgAb) obtained from six patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases. TgIC were characterized by precipitation with polyethylene glycol, and sedimentation in sucrose gradient. TgIC from one patient were further characterized by concanavalin A (con A), and binding to the complement factor Clq and rheumatoid factor (RF).

Tg and TgIC had almost identical binding to con A, no binding to Clq, but could be partially separated by ultracentrifugation and polyethylene glycol. The highest degree of separation was obtained by a RF‐coated plastic tube radiometric assay, using 125‐I‐rabbit TgAb as indicator. Tg showed no binding to RF, and a dose‐response curve of TgIC in serum could be established. There was a dependence of the Tg‐TgAb ratio, TgIC at equilibrium and in antibody excess being detected most efficiently.

The method may serve as an aid in the evaluation of the fate of Tg, TgAb and TgIC following thyroid damage (surgery, radioiodine) and may be extended as a model system in the investigation of immune complexes in connection with autoimmune disorders.
Inhibitory Effect of KWD 2131, Terbutaline, and DSCG on the Immediate and Late Allergen‐Induced Bronchoconstriction
Authors: Hegardt B. , Pauwels R. , Van Der Straeten M.
Published: May 2007

β‐adrenoceptor stimulants exhibit both bronchodilating and anti‐allergic activities. KWD 2131 is a new β‐agonist with preferably anti allergic property.

In an earlier study, nebulized KWD 2131 in a non‐bronchodilating dose (0.25 ‐ 0.50 mg) did not give significant protection against immediate reaction.

The present study evaluated whether an increased nebulized dose of the new compound (5 mg) could protect against either immediate and/or late responses. The response was compared with a nebulized dose of terbutaline (5 mg) and with twice the recommended dose DSCG (40 mg). The study included 10 patients with known allergic asthma. It was designed as a single‐blind cross‐over trial with randomized allocation of the drugs. Lung functions were measured spirometrically and by body‐plethysmograph; flow volume curves were drawn.

KWD 2131 gave no significant protection against immediate reaction. Both terbutaline and DSCG did so, terbutaline being more efficient. Contrary to the β‐agonists, DSCG also gave protection against late response.
Activation of Blood Coagulation during Inhalation Challenge Tests
Authors: Dahl R. , Venge P.
Published: May 2007

Bronchial challenge tests were performed in 16 asthmatic subjects. Eight developed an immediate and eight a dual asthmatic response. In all patients serial blood samples were analysed for plasma recalcification time and Factor XII activation rate. In all instances a profound shortening of the recalcification time was found, but only in patients with a dual response could an increased activation rate of Factor XII be detected. A positive correlation, although weak, was found between the time for maximum shortening of recalcification time and the time of onset of the late reaction. The study suggests a relationship between activation of blood coagulation factors and the type of asthmatic response elicited after challenge test.
RAST in the Diagnosis of Dog Dander Allergy
Authors: Vanto T. , Viander M. , Koivikko A. , Schwartz B. , Løwenstein H.
Published: May 2007

The results of the skin, bronchial or conjunctival provocation tests and of the radioallergosorbent test (RAST) with dog dander and hair extract preparations from two different producers were compared, 202 asthmatic children were included in the study. The clinical tests, Al‐RAST and paper RAST. were performed using only one allergen preparation (Hu 073), while two allergen preparations (e2 and e5) were used in Phadebas® RAST.

A good correlation was generally found between the results of the clinical diagnostic tests, the clinical history and the results of RAST.

Phadebas RAST e2 was the most specific but the least sensitive: it gave a class 0 result in 18% and class 3–4 in 34.5% of the subjects with a positive provocation test. The corresponding numbers for e5 RAST were 6.0% and 70.2%, respectively. Al‐RAST was equally sensitive, but had lower specificity than Phadebas RAST e5. The correlation between Phadebas RAST e5 and paper RAST Hu 073 was excellent, which indicates a remarkable similarity between these allergen extracts.

Using sensitive, immunochemically standardized Phadebas RAST e5 or Al‐RAST methods, classes 0–1 can be regarded as negative, class 2 as doubtful and classes 3–4 as clinically positive results.
Platelet 3H‐Serotonin Releasing Immune Complexes Induced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Cystic Fibrosis
Authors: Permin H. , Skov P. Stahl , Norn S. , Høiby N. , Schiøtz P. O.
Published: May 2007

In vitro formation of immune complexes was studied by 3H‐serotonin release from human platelets by P. aeruginosa antigens in the presence of serum From 22 cystic fibrosis patients. chronically infected with mucoid P. aeruginosa (CF + P) and with a pronounced antibody response against these bacteria, and in 24 patients without P. aeruginosa (CF‐P). All CF + P patients responded with 3H ‐serotonin release (16–34%), whereas CF‐P patients released less than 15%. In the group of CF4‐P patients the number of P. aeruginosa precipitins was correlated to the serotonin liter. Time courses indicated that SH‐serotonin release was maximal between 2 and 5 min, and that no further release was observed up to 20 min. There was a gradual increase in 3H ‐serotonin release with higher platelet concentrations The response was not changed by complement inactivation. and fractionation of serum demonstrated that the serotonin release was dependent on the presence of the immuno‐globulin fraction. These experiments support the suggestion of a type 111 reaction being invoked in the lung damage in CF + P patients and also suggest a possible involvement of serotonin in the inflammatory reaction during chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection.
Effects of Oral Theophylline Combined with Oral and Inhaled β2‐Adrenostimulants in Asthmatics
Authors: Svedmyr K.
Published: May 2007

The acute ventilatory, cardiovascular and tremorogenic effect of a high oral dose of terbutaline (5 mg) was compared with that of half the dose (2.5 mg) combined with 280 mg anhydrous theophylline orally in a randomized, double‐blind, cross‐over study in eight asthmatics. After 120 min. when steady‐state bronchodilation was achieved, five terbutaline inhalations (1.25 mg terbutaline sulphate) were added to both treatment regimens. The mean maximum plasma concentration of theophylline was then 7 μg/ml (39 μmol/l).

Inhalation of a β2‐adrenostimulant had a very good additional effect without increasing side effects in these patients with good inhalation technique. The oral low‐dose combination gave significantly better bronchodilation than the high dose of terbutaline alone and caused significantly less tremor. Although the combination only had an additive bronchodilating effect, it may offer important clinical advantages. If the patient cannot use the metered dose aerosol, an oral low dose combination should be preferred to a single high dose of either theophylline or β2‐adrenostimulants.

In patients with good inhalation technique but not controlled by inhalations from a metered dose aerosol alone, a combination of oral theophylline and terbutaline in “suboptimal” dose and an inhaled β2‐agonist in individually titrated optimal dose gave a maximal bronchodilating effect with minimum side effects.
Thyroid Stimulating Antibodies, Thyroglobulin Antibodies and Serum Proteins during Treatment of Graves’ Disease with Radioiodine or Propylthouracil
Authors: Feldt‐Rasmussen Ulla , Bech Karine , Date John , Pedersen Per Hyltoft , Johansen Klaus , Madsen Stig Nistrup
Published: May 2007

The relation between serum concentrations of thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb). thyroid‐stimulating antibodies (TSAb) and serum immunoglobulins during treatment of Graves' disease was studied in 36 consecutive patients treated randomly with 131‐iodine (n= 16) or propylthiouracil (n= 20). The patients were investigated before treatment was started anti on seven occasions within the following year.

In the entire patient group 78% were positive for TSAb and 47 % for TgAb, There was a significant correlation between TSAb and TgAb in 15 patients concomitantly positive. There were no significant changes in serum immunoglobulins during treatment in either group of patients.

In the radioiodine‐treated group of patients TgAb was reduced after 1 week, whereas TSAb showed insignificant variations. After 5–10 weeks both antibodies increased, for TgAb with a median peak level 3 times above the initial concentration. Of 16 patients treated with radioiodine live developed myxoedema and four of these were positive for TgAb. There was a relation between the development of myxoedema and the ratio between increases of TSAb and TgAb. Increase in TSAb was not related to serum thyroglobulin (Tg) measured in TgAb‐negative patients.

Propytthiouracil showed minor effect on the studied variables, but with lower mean values of Tg, TgAb and TSAb at the end of the observation period.

The results indicate an immunological relation between TSAb and TgAb, although differences between their courses exist in some situations.
Production and Secretion of Immunoglobulins by in Vitro‐Activated Human B Lymphocytes
Authors: Agger R. , Petersen J. , Dinesen B. , Wiik A. , Andersen V.
Published: May 2007

Activation induced by pokeweed mitogen in cultures of mononuclear cells from human blood was followed sequentially by simultaneous quantitation of live cells, thymidine incorporation, cells displaying cytoplasmic IgM, IgG, IgA or IgD, cells secreting IgM, IgG or IgA and cumulated IgM secretion. Maximal cellular activity was found after 7 days of culture, with means of 16000 IgM‐, 20700 IgG‐ and 9900 IgA‐secreting cells per 106 originally cultured cells. The cumulated IgM secretion after 21 days of culture averaged 10400 ng per 106 originally cultured cells. A close correlation was found between the number of IgM‐secreting cells and the cumulated IgM secretion.
Basophil Histamine Release and Humoral Changes during Immunotherapy
Authors: Malling Hans‐Jørgen , Skov Per Stahl , Permin Henrik , Norn Svend , Weeke Bent
Published: May 2007

An in vitro pilot study was performed to determine whether basophil cell‐bound specific IgE was correlated to serum‐specific IgE and to basophil cell sensitivity during immunotherapy with a well‐documented treatment. The findings showed a clear dissociation between these three parameters, which is in contrast to the situation before hyposensitization and to our previous study in a comparable group of non‐hyposensitized patients, where highly significant correlations were observed. Further investigations are in progress to clarify whether the dissociation is involved in the clinical improvement.
Studies on Hypersensitivity to Bacterial Antigens in Intrinsic Asthma
Authors: Koch Christian , Andersen Per , Hertz Jesper Boëtius , Høiby Niels , Kappelgaard Ellen , Møller Niels Erik , Norn Svend , Pedersen Mogens , Petersen Peter Steen , Skov Per Stahl , Tønnesen Philip
Published: May 2007

Twelve children, aged 4 to 14 years, with moderate to severe intrinsic asthma (IA) were studied. Symptom‐score charts were used to confirm the relationship of acute respiratory tract infections to exacerbations of asthma. Hypersensitivity to eight commonly occurring bacteria from the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract was studied by skin test, by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, and by basophil histamine release in vitro, using ultrasonicates of the bacteria as antigens. Skin tests were all negative. All children contained low titers of precipitating antibodies against most of the bacteria, but in this respect they did not differ from normal children. In contrast. release of histamine was induced in leukocytes from the IA children by all, or most sonicates, while such reactions, were less frequent in control children. The pattern of responses indicated an element of specificity. There was no correlation to precipitating antibodies, or to the microbial flora of the children. Positive responses were characterized by low values of maximal histamine release, and by a tendency to fluctuations with time. Because of these fluctuations, and because the IA children and control children were tested on separate occasions, we cannot be certain as to the real difference between these two groups. Our studies do, however, demonstrate that water‐soluble constituents of all real bacterial strains tested were capable of causing the release of histamine in vitro, but that this phenomenon is not restricted to IA. The clinical significance of these findings awaits further investigations on the mechanism(s) of release in vitro by such agents.
Effect of the H1 Antihistamine Chlorpheniramine Maleate on Histamine‐Induced Symptoms in the Human Conjunctiva
Authors: Kirkegaard Jørgen , Secher Claus , Mygind Niels
Published: May 2007

Earlier studies have shown that intranasal chlorpheniramine (0.77%) can inhibit histamine‐induced tickling, sneezing, and hypersecretion by a local effect on nerve fibres. The aim of the present study was to examine whether this solution has local anaesthetic or parasympatholytic properties. If nether of these properties are present it suggests that the anti‐pruritic effects of the solution are caused by inhinbition of H1 receptors, which in turn is indirect evidence for the presence of H1 receptors on nerve fibres. In a double‐blind design 15 normal subjects were provoked with histamine in the eye after pretreatment with chlorpheniramine or with a local anaesthetic, oxybuprocain. Both drugs inhibited itching, but the H1 antihistamine was significatly more effective than the local anaesthetic (P<0.01). Corneal senstivity was measured by an esthesiometer, and pupil difference was used as a measure for atropine activity. Chlorpheniramine had neither a local anaesthetic nor a parasympatholytic effect. This study has therefore strengthened the hypothesis that there are nervous H1 receptors in the mucous membranes of the eye and airways, and has extended its application in animals to also include man.
Anti‐IgG Antibodies during Immunotherapy with Purified Grass Pollen Extracts
Authors: ØSterballe O. , Egeskjold Else‐Marie , Johansen A. S. , Skov P.
Published: May 2007

In a double blind study 40 patients were allocated specific immunotherapy (hyposensitization) with partially partially purified timothy extract or two timothy major allergens 19, 25. All patients had typical grass pollen hay level, in 27% associated with grass pollen asthma and in 13% with birch pollen allergy.

Serum IgG anti‐IgG antibodies were determined after dithiothreitol treatment. Before hyposensitization, IgG anti‐IgG times ≥9 were demonstrated in 45% of the patients During hyposensitization IgG anti‐IgG titres showed a slight initial increase followed by a decrease below pretreatment level. Neither increase nor decrease was statistically significant. Reactions to rabbit IgG F(ab)2 fractions were only obtained during hyposensitization.

The occurrence of anti‐IgG antibodies did not correlate with symptoms, side effects, or the level of allergen‐specific IgG. In a previous study it was demonstrated that patients with multiallergy hyposensitized with combined allergen extracts showed a statistrated significant increase in IgG anti‐IgG titres during treatment. This increase failed to appear in the resent patients allergic only to pollen and treated with purified allergen extracts. It is therefore suggested that a multiallergic condition and the combination and/or purification of allergen extracts administered during hyposensitization may influence the production of IgG anti‐IgG antibodies.
Crossed Radioimmunoelectrophoretic Studies of Bee Venom Allergens
Authors: Aukrust L. , Einarsson R. , ÖHman S. , Johansson S. G. O.
Published: May 2007

Crossed immutioelectrophoresis (CIE) glass slides of boney bee venom showing 18 immunoprecipitates were used in crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE) experiments with sera from 25 patients allergic to honey bee venoms. Phospholipase A, acid phosphatase, hyaluronidase and melittin were demonstrated in the immunoprecipitates during zymograpbic techniques and direct hemolysis of sheep erythrocytes. The CRIE experiments verified the allergenicity of these proteins. In addition, another antigen (Ag‐1) with allergenic activity was identified. This allergen is probably identical to the previously described allergen C in honey bee venom. The presence and complexity of multiple forms of the known allergenic proteins in honey bee venom, was well illustrated in the CIE/CRIF system employed.
Crossed Immunoelectrophoresis Analysis of Bee Venom
Authors: Einarsson R. , Annerhed A. , Karlsson R. , Olsson B. , Renck B.
Published: May 2007

Bee venom obtained by electrical stimulation has been analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis against high‐titer rabbit antibodies. The antigenic analysis of bee venom revealed that the extract contained 17 antigens, which were detected in die crossed immunoelectrophoresis pattern after staining with Coomassie Brilliant Blue. The crossed immunoelectrophoresis pattern indicated heterogeneity in several of the antigens, as most of the preceipitates (exhibiting enzyme and hemolytic activities) represented multiple forms of phospholipase A, hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase and melittin.
Allergen Content in Aqueous and Hydrophobic Extracts from Cow Hair and Dander
Authors: Prahl P. , Søndergaard I.
Published: May 2007

Rabbit antibodies were raised separately against an aqueous and a detergent extract of row hair and dander. It is shown by means of quantitative immunoelectrophoresis that the extracts contain the same major allergens and that these are equally potent in RAST‐inhibition experiments. The extraction with a detergent did not lead to the appearance of new allergens.
Comparison of Aspergillus fumigatus and Aspergillus umbrosus Antigens in Serological Tests of Farmer's Lung
Authors: Ojanen T. H. , Terho E. O. , Mäntyjärvi R. A.
Published: May 2007

A comparison was made between Aspergillus fumigatus and A. umbrosus antigens regarding their usefulness in serological tests of farmer's lung. Mycelial and culture fluid antigens of both microbes were used to test sera of 30 Finnish farmer's lung patients for antibodies in the ELISA and in the gel precipitation (GP) test. Antibodies to A. umbrosus were more common than to A. fumigatus; this was especially evident in ELISA. ELISA gave more positive results with all lour antigens than GP. Mycelial antigens showed more positive reactions in ELISA than the corresponding culture fluid antigens. The situation was reversed in GP. Selection of antigens in the diagnostic panel of farmer's lung requires careful consideration. Our results suggest that other Aspergilli (in the Finnish population A. umbrosus) might be preferable to A. fumigatus in the antigen panel.
Coffee Worker's Allergy
Authors: Osterman Karin , Zetterström Olle , Johansson S. G. O.
Published: May 2007

Workers in the coffeee industry were investigated. Study I comprised 50 selected cases of whom 25 had work‐related symptoms and 25 had not. Prick tests and RAST investigations with different factory dust extracts were performed. Study II was a cross‐sectional study comprising 129 workers who were prick‐tested with one factory dust extract and with castor bean (CB). More than 40% described occupationally related asthma, rhintis, and in about half of these cases sensitization with one or two allergens found. One allergen comes from coffee beans and is found in the factory dust, mainly where the raw coffee is handled. This allergen is destroyed in the roast other allergen is identical with the allergen from castor bean and is presumed to enter the plant via the sacks. Predisposing factors to developing sensitization were atopic status, degree and length of exposure, and smoking habits.
A Clinical and Immunological Study of Allergy to Hen's Egg White
Authors: Langeland Tor
Published: May 2007

A CIE‐reference precipitation pattern for hen's egg white was established, using rabbit anti‐egg antiserum. It demonstrated 24 different immunoprecipitates. The precipitates corresponding to ovalbumin, ovomucoid and lysozyme were identified in the reference pattern.
Two New β2‐Adrenoceptor Agonists, D‐2343 and QH 25, Studied in Asthmatic Patients
Authors: Löfdahl Claes‐Göran , Bengtsson Bengt , Svedmyr Karin , Svedmyr Nils
Published: May 2007

Two new β2‐adrenoceptor agonists, D‐2M3 and QH 35, have been studied in asthmatic patients. Animal experiments indicated less effect on skeletal mucsle than on bronchial muscle.

D‐2343 (four i.V. cumulatively increasing doses, 0.21‐6.3 μg kg‐1 min‐1) and i.v. terbutaline (four cumulative doses 0.07‐2.1 μg kg‐1 min‐1) were single‐blindly compared in a randomized crossover study in eight asthmatics. It was shown that D‐2343 is an effective β2‐adrenoceptor agonist with 5‐6 limes lower potency than terbutaline. The tremor‐inducing effect of D‐2343 was the same as that of terbutaline, when the same degree of bronchodilation was obtained.

The effect of QH 25 (0.25. 0.75 and 2.25 mg cumulatively) administered orally, was single‐blindly compared with the effect of oral salbutamol (2, 6 and 18 mg) in a randomized crossover study in eight asthmatics. QH 25 was shown to be an effective β2‐adrenoceptor stimulant about 12 times more potent than salbutamol. The tremor‐inducing capacity was the same as for salbutamol when equipotent bronchodilating doses were studied.
The Protective Property of Equipotent Bronchodilating Doses of Inhaled KWD 2131 and Terbutaline against Allergen‐Induced Bronchospasm
Authors: Hegardt B. , Löwhagen O. , Svedmyr N. , Granerus G.
Published: May 2007

The anti‐allergic capacity of nebulized KWD 2131 in inhibiting allergen‐induced bronchospasm was compared with that of terbutaline in equipotent bronchodilating doses. It was a double‐blind cross‐over and randomized study also including placebo. Twelve symptom‐free extrinsic asthmatics participated in the trial. Equipotent bronchodilating doses of the two β‐receptor‐agonists were established in a histamine challenge procedure before the start of the study. Allergen challenge was performed with double concentration steps every 10 min until a ≥20% decrease in FEV1 was achieved. Significanty (P<0.001) more allergen dose steps could be used after pretreatment with KWD 2131 and terbutaline than with placebo. No difference could be observed between the active compounds. The same allergen log dose gave a 20% decrease in FEV1 after pretreatment with KWD 2131 and terbutaline. The active compounds' protective properties did not differ at a lower degree of allergen challenge. The plasma histamine level was not significantly changed at any point of allergen challenge after pretreatment with either placebo or the active compounds. Therefore, plasma histamine determination was of no value for evaluating the inhibition of mediator release by these drugs. It is concluded that the anti‐allergic property of KWD 2131 at allergen challenge does not give any further clinical value besides the brochodilating property.
Evalution of Flunisolide Nasal Solution in the Symptomatic Treatment of Perennial Rhinitis
Authors: Warland Asgaut
Published: May 2007

The effectiveness of a topical steroid, flunisolide, was evaluated in patients with perennial rhinitis. Thirty‐four patients went through a double‐blind cross‐over study. comparing flunisolide 200 μg per day with placebo. The symptoms were assessed over two treatment periods each of 4 weeks, with a 2 weeks washout period in between. There was a statistically significant difference on favour of flunisolide. About half of the patients complained of mild initial irritation from both active drug and placebo.
IgE Anti‐IgG Antibodies in Patients with Juvenile and Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis Including Felty's Syndrome
Authors: Permin Henrik , Egeskjold Else‐Marie
Published: May 2007

Anti‐IgG; antihodies (anti‐IgG) of the IgE class were studied in sera from patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA). rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and patients with Felty's syndrome (FS) by use of an indirect immunofluorescence technique. Forty‐two percent of 26 patients with JRA had IgE anti‐IgG in serum all in low titers. Positive reactions prevailed in patients with multiple joint involvement. Sixty‐three percent of 30 patients with RA and 80% of 20 patients with FS had IgE anti‐IgG, the titers found in FS patients being significantly higher. In JRA and FS patients the IgE anti‐IgG titers were correlated to the titers of anti‐IgG of the IgG class, and for FS patients also with the IgM and IgA classes of anti‐IgG. In six of 10 patients with RA the synovial fluid samples from both knees contained IgE anti‐IgG. In four of these patients the titers of IgE anti‐IgG were higher than in the corresponding serum sample, pointing to a local production. After G‐200 Sephadex chromatography IgE anti‐IgG were demonstrated in the void volume indicating the presence of these autoantibodies in immune complexes. IgE anti‐IgG may be involved in the pathogenesis of JRA and RA by eliciting Type I and III reactions.
Anti‐IgE‐Induced Histamine Release from Human Basophilic Leukocytes: Inhibition Depends on Nature and Concentration of Inhibitor and Secretagogue
Authors: Bergstrand Håkan , Björnsson Anette , Frick Inga‐Maria , Lundquist Britta , Petersson BengtÅke
Published: May 2007

Histamine release from human basophilic leukocytes was induced by increasing concentrations of anti‐lgE in the presence of various concentrations of 2‐deoxyglucose (2‐DOG), the histamine H2‐receptor agonist dimaprit, theophylline, or enprofylline (a new antiasthmatic xanthine derivative). The results show that the degree of inhibition produced by each agent differed with the concentration of anti‐IgE used and with the nature and concentration of the inhibitor. These data indicate that great care should be used when characterizing an inhibitor of mediator release by simply giving a figure for the per cent inhibition of release observed in its presence.
Influence of Food on the Absorption Rate and Bioavailability of a Sustained Release Theophylline Preparation
Authors: Pedersen S. , Moeller‐Petersen J.
Published: May 2007

Six children and six adults were given a single dose of a sustained release theophylline preparation (Nuelin Retard®) after an overnight fast and later after a standardized breakfast. Food significantly reduced the absorption rate of theophylline whereas the extent of absorption of theophylline was unaffected by food. Under steady state treatment the fluctuations in the serum levels of theophylline were small when the tablets were taken after meals twice a day showing that this dose regimen was sufficient. No characteristic absorption or elimination phases were seen during the steady state dose interval, and the time to peak serum theophylline level showed great variation. Serum theophylline control about 4 h after fasting intake of the tablet is recommended.
Relation between Bronchial Reactivity to Antigen in Vivo and Serum IgE and IgG2a Antibody Levels in Rats
Authors: Dahlbäck Magnus , Pauwels Romain , Bazin Herve , Bercstrand Håkan
Published: May 2007

Sprague Dawley rats were immunized with graded doses of ovalbumin (O A) together with alum. The capacity of the animals to produce a bronchial anaphylactic response to intravenous antigen challenge was related to serum OA‐IgE and OA‐IgG2a antibody levels estimated by radioimmunossay. A significant correlation between bronchial anaphylactic response capacity and OA‐IgE antibody levels was found under a few, but not all, of several carefully chosen experimental conditions. No correlation was demonstrable between the in vivo reactivity of the animals and their serum levels of OA‐specific IgGg2a antibodies.
Quantitative Determination of 1,4‐Methyl‐Imidazoleacetic Acid in Urine by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Søndergaard Ib
Published: May 2007

A reversed phase ion‐pair high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for quantitative determination of the major histamine metabolite 1,4‐methyl‐oleacetic acid (1,4‐MIAA) in urine is described. The sample handling is minimal as the sample only has to be centrifuged and diluted before analysis, in contrast to earlier gas chromatographic and thin‐layer chromatographic methods. The method correlates well with a thin‐layer chromatographic determination (r=0.79, n=15), and results from analysis of urine from different patients suffering from mastocytosis, chronic urticaria, atopic dermatitis and asthma are presented together with samples from normal individuals. Most of the patients analysed showed increased excretion of 1,4‐MIAA compared with the controls. Future applications of the method, including analysis on patients with food allergy and patients with abnormalities in their histamine metabolism, are discussed.