bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Future Thinking
Authors: Holliday Brian
Published: January 2023

The impact of technology on our world today would have been unthinkable a couple of decades ago – and the technology of tomorrow is set to be even more important
Multiply and Thrive
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: January 2023

A widening skills gap is jeopardising UK manufacturing’s long-term success. Instead of hiring new workers, a focus on the ones you already have may be a way of combatting it, says Stephanie Devine, senior consultant at HRC Recruitment
More Than a Name
Authors: Wheatley Malcolm
Published: January 2023

Companies using the OHSAS 18001 health and safety standard have until 2021 to change to the new ISO 45001 – and the changes are more than skin-deep
The Road to Industry 4.0 Maturity
Authors: Taylor Paul
Published: January 2023

The dream of a ‘smart’ factory will remain just that until companies have a way of tracking their progress on the Industry 4.0 journey
Business Critical
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: January 2023

As rising energy prices cause havoc with manufacturers’ budgets, now is the time for every company to take their energy procurement seriously
A Decade of Excellence
Authors: Beck Chris
Published: January 2023

The Engineering Design Show, the UK’s only event entirely dedicated to engineering, electronics and embedded design celebrates its tenth anniversary in 2022
“We have a Long History of Research Impacting the way People Live, Work, Play, and have Fun”
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: January 2023

Ivan Tashev, partner architect at Microsoft Research, explains how the Audio and Acoustics Research Group has played a leading role in developing some of the corporation’s most groundbreaking new products
Display it Safe
Authors: Sathaye Kedar , Minolta Konica
Published: January 2023

How a fully automated instrumental testing solution is improving the value and Takt times of end-of-line display testing
Source Materials
Authors: Harpsøe Lisbeth Høier
Published: January 2023

How to select the right tension, puncture, and peel testing solution for lithium-ion batteries to ensure accurate results
Go with the Flow
Authors: Hathaway Bill , Konwitschny Rudolf
Published: January 2023

Defining leak tightness requirements through the testing of hermetically sealed housings
Leak Performance
Authors: Franklin Heidi
Published: January 2023

Leak testing methods are becoming increasingly sophisticated as manufacturers try to keep up with demand for more waterproof consumer devices
The Rules of the Game
Authors: Derby Michael
Published: January 2023

Regulatory approval requirements can vary significantly from one country to another. In this in-depth guide Element explains how to get radio equipment approved in different parts of the world.
Bright Future
Authors: Milton Tina
Published: January 2023

Premium OLED TV ranges are taking display brightness to the next level, but how are these and other new display technologies changing the face of display testing?
Sounds Cape
Authors: Norman Helen
Published: January 2023

A round-up of some of the most exciting new technologies in the field of audio testing.
On the Paper Trail
Authors: Liu Stanley
Published: January 2023

In a bid to satisfy readers, digital display manufacturers are looking to make their devices as paper-like as possible. But how do you assess the closeness of a paper-like display to the real thing?
Full Focus
Authors: Pachhandara Nikhil
Published: January 2023

If the metaverse is to become a visual reality, precision robotics-based measurement systems will play a crucial role in the testing of optical waveguide technology in metaverse devices.
Supporting 5G Development
Authors: Ingun
Published: January 2023

The reliable transmission of high-frequency signals and large amounts of data requires powerful test equipment for the efficient contacting of electronic components
Enabling Metaverse Quality
Authors: Pachhandara Nikhil
Published: January 2023

OptoFidelity’s automated test systems measure the optical and tracking performance of metaverse headsets and enable products to deliver premium user experience
Technical Convergence and the Adaptive Resilience of Regional Economies
Authors: Jia Luo
Published: January 2023

This article investigates the impact of various regional technical profiles on local economies’ resistance to external shocks. It uses panel assessments of level information from 2015 to 2020 to conduct an empirical investigation of the causes of resilience. It begins by developing a calculable broad balance prototype that integrates key features of financing and the time-path of the financial system. Using a dynamic, calculable broad balance prototype recuperates with and without vibrant business adaptability. An adaptive resilience of the regional economic model (ARREM) is suggested in this paper. That integrates key features of financing and vestiges the economic growth time-path as it recuperates with and without vibrant economic adaptability. The findings show that areas with technically integrated – rather than just diverse – knowledge sets are better suited to weather adversity and exhibit adaptive resiliency.

Furthermore, even while businesses’ net entrance doesn’t contribute considerably to durability, the domestic economy is more flexible if they develop in industries with the best development prospects. The iterative simulation results of the ARREM are examined in terms of correlation and regression. An increase in the number of iterations is made from a lower level to a higher level by 10 iterations. Because of this, the proposed ARREM’s simulation results improve with increasing iteration size.
Optimization Scheduling Method of Solar Photovoltaic and Fuel Cell Combined Power Generation System
Authors: Xue Xiao , Zheng Yangbing , Duan Yajie
Published: January 2023

The performance of the battery used in the traditional solar photovoltaic power generation system is poor, and the solar energy has a certain volatility, which makes the performance of the solar photovoltaic power generation system decline significantly. In order to improve the performance of the solar photovoltaic power generation system, a solar photovoltaic fuel cell combined power generation system has been developed. However, there are some problems in the process of traditional combined generation system optimal scheduling, such as high investment cost and total cost, and short generation time of optimal scheduling scheme. This paper takes solving the problems of traditional system optimal scheduling as the research goal, a new optimization scheduling method of solar photovoltaic and fuel cell combined power generation system was designed. The composition and topological structure of the solar photovoltaic fuel cell combined power generation system are analyzed. The system is composed of photovoltaic array, fuel cell, electrolytic cell, short-term energy storage unit and energy control unit. It can mainly convert sunlight radiation into electric energy, and convert it into DC or AC used by people through multiple links, so as to ensure the stability and security of power supply in our country. A scheduling model is established according to the photovoltaic cell power generation model, the fuel cell power generation model, the electrolytic hydrogen production model, the battery model, the power conversion model and the combined power generation system model. And the multi-objective cuckoo algorithm is used to solve the model, the optimization scheduling results of solar photovoltaic fuel cell combined power generation system are obtained. The experimental results show that the total investment cost of this method is reduced by 123678.4 yuan and 175858.7 yuan compared with the experimental comparison method, and the total cost is reduced by 301195.5 yuan and 414991.8 yuan compared with the experimental comparison method. It shows that compared with the experimental comparison method, the total investment cost and total cost of this method are lower, and the generation time of the optimal scheduling scheme is between 0.19s and 0.25s, and the practical application effect is good. It fully solves the problems existing in the traditional methods and has certain application significance.
Study on Biodegradability and Mechanism of Cyanoethylated Waste Paper
Authors: Zhang Chunhong , Li Qin
Published: January 2023

With white pollution caused by petroleum plastics becoming an environmental issue of global concern, biodegradable plastics have become a research hotspot, and biodegradable materials made from plants have been attracting attention. Based on previous studies, this paper studied the biodegradability of thermoplastic cyanoethylated waste paper (CWP) by microbial experiment, and preliminarily explored the degradation mechanism. The results showed that: (1) the biodegradability of CWP was better than that of waste paper, and the higher the degree of modification, the better the biodegradability of CWP; under the action of Trichoderma reesei, the degradation rate of CWP containing 20.79% nitrogen was about 24% after 144 h (hours) of degradation; (2) The degradation rate of CWP was about 45% after 144 hours degradation by microbial complex bacteria, which was mainly due to the synergistic effect of cellulose degrading enzymes secreted by microbial degrading bacteria, which greatly improved the degradation rate of CWP. (3) The improvement of biodegradability of CWP was mainly due to the change of the morphology of the fibers by cyanoethylation reaction, which increased the contact surface and destroyed the crystal structure of the waste paper fibers. The increase of the amorphous region and the distance between the crystal planes was more conducive to the cellulase entering into the CWP, thus improving the degradation rate. (4) Structural analysis of CWP before and after degradation showed that microbial degradation bacteria destroyed C≡N bond and formed hydrocarbon bond, and further destroyed the crystal structure of CWP without changing the crystal form of the fiber.
Diversity of partial sequence leptin gene (Exon 3) in crossbred cattle compared to GenBank database
Authors: ERMAWATI DEVI , PANJONO PANJONO , BINTARA SIGIT , HARTATIK TETY
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Ermawati D, Panjono, Bintara S, Hartatik T. 2022. Diversity of partial sequence leptin gene (Exon 3) in crossbred cattle compared to GenBank database. Biodiversitas 23: 5614-5620. Genetic marker method that is often used to select cattle is Single Polymorphism Nucleotide (SNP). Single Polymorphisms Nucleotide (SNP) has been found in various candidate genes, one of which is the leptin gene. Leptin is a gene that affects reproduction and cattle weight. Therefore, this research aims to identify SNP of the leptin gene (exon 3) in Crossbred cattle by comparison with GenBank data. A sample of Crossbred cattle was taken from Klaten in Central Java, Indonesia. Afterward, DNA sequencing results were analyzed with BioEdit to identify SNP. BioEdit software was used for DNA sequencing alignment part of intron 2, exon 3 and 3'UTR. The MEGA 11.1.1 program was used to analyze and edit the genetic distance and phylogenetic tree based on the SNP leptin gene. The result shows that nine variations of SNPs were found in exon 3. The phylogenetic tree shows that the Crossbred cattle, Bos taurus, Bos indicus, Hereford, Friesian Holstein and Bali, were in the same cluster. HindIII restriction enzyme can be recommended for genotyping Crossbred cattle using PCR RFLP. This research provides information on SNP in the leptin gene so that it can be used for further research on the association of the leptin gene to growth and reproduction.
Coral resilience inside and outside of Pesisir Timur Pulau Weh conservation zone, Sabang City, Indonesia
Authors: Aldyza Nadia , Barus Ternala Alexander , Mulya Miswar Budi , Sarong Muhammad Ali
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Aldyza N, Barus TA, Mulya MB, Sarong MA. 2022. Coral resilience inside and outside of Pesisir Timur Pulau Weh conservation zone, Sabang City, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5744-5751. Conservation is one of the efforts to conserve marine life and provide opportunities for an ecosystem to recover. One of the water areas protected by the community is Pulau Weh (Weh Island). In 2010 and 2016, coral reef ecosystems in the waters of Weh Island suffered a lot of damage due to the pressure from nature, i.e., the bleaching phenomenon. As a result, the benthic experienced a vacuum of the substrate. The emptiness of the substrate occurred due to the death of corals and the appearance of a layer of grass algae. Therefore new corals were difficult to recover without a solid and conducive substrate. Hence, this study aims to measure the resilience of corals and benthic conditions inside and outside conservation areas on Weh Island. Benthic data collection used the Point Intercept Transect method while measuring the potential resistance of corals using the resilience index through coral cover, fleshy seaweed, and rubble indicators. Benthic conditions were viewed based on the value of the results of the resilience component with the condition of the coral cover. The result showed that coral reef ecosystems inside and outside the Pesisir Timur Pulau Weh (PTPW; East Coast of Weh Island) conservation area had a high level of resilience (with scores ranging from 3 to 6, out of 6 for benthic condition scores). The benthic inside the conservation area averagely has a good score and it is likely to be in the recovery period from disturbances. While the score for the benthic outside the conservation area is only 3 (out of 6 for benthic condition scores), which indicates that the area is very vulnerable to disturbance even though it has a chance to recover. If there is another bleaching phenomenon in the future, corals that have just tried to recover in this vulnerable area may be damaged again and the coral cover will be decreased.
Morphological, physicochemical, and phytochemical characterization of Camellia dormoyana (Pierre) Sealy from Vietnam
Authors: LUAN DOAN THANH , CHEN TRAN VAN , NGUYEN DANH DUC , TRUONG QUANG CUONG , THANG KHUONG HUU , NHI NGUYEN THANH TO , GIANG VO NGOC LINH , SANG NGUYEN XUAN , TRIET NGUYEN THANH
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Luan DT, Chen TV, Nguyen DD, Truong QC, Thang KH, Nhi NTT, Giang VNL, Sang NX, Triet NT. 2022. Morphological, physicochemical, and phytochemical characterization of Camellia dormoyana (Pierre) Sealy from Vietnam. Biodiversitas 23: 5869-5883. Camellia dormoyana (Pierre) Sealy has been used as a flavor, beverage, and folk medicine. Micromorphological features, physicochemical, and phytochemical aspects of C. Dormoyana have not been reported. Thus, further research is necessary to accurately verify the plants and determine their quality and safety for raw materials. This study aimed to characterize morphological, physicochemical, and phytochemical aspects of C. dormoyana from Vietnam. The results present that the species is easily distinguished macromorphologically by the superior ovary, 5-or 6-carpellate, glabrous, and styles glabrous, 5-or 6-parted, and uniformly fused. Micromorphologically, the structure of leaves and stems have similarities between the investigated species in the genus Camellia. Cork-wart, anisotricytic stoma, and stomatal clusters were found in the lower epidermis surface of leaves. The common presence of calcium oxalate crystals and sclereid cells was observed in the stem and the petiole. All epidermis fragments, parenchymal fragments, starch granules, calcium oxalate crystals, sclereid cells, spiral vessels, and red-brown oleoresin masses are standard components present in leaf powder. The physicochemical parameters of leaf powders all meet acceptable standards. The phytochemical compositions of the leaf extract contain lipids, carotenoids, essential oil, reducing compounds, amino acids, triterpenoids, saponins, tannins, and flavonoids.
Metallothionein level in the larva of Cheumatopsyche sp. and the relationship between heavy metal concentration in Bone River, Gorontalo, Indonesia
Authors: Kadim Miftahul Khair , Herawati Endang Yuli , Arfiati Diana , Hertika ‪Asus Maizar Suryanto
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Kadim MK, Herawati FY, Arfiati D, Hertik AMS. 2022. Metallothionein level in the larva of Cheumatopsyche sp. and the relationship between heavy metal concentration in Bone River, Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5942-5950. This study aims to confirm that the larvae of Cheumatopsyche sp. contain a metal-binding protein, metallothionein, in their body and correlate it with heavy metal concentrations in the larval tissues and sediments in Bone River. Pb, Cd and Hg concentrations in sediment, tissue and Metallothionein (MT) levels were analyzed in several areas with different metal contamination. The Pb concentration in the sediment averaged 33.6 ppm; Hg 0.17 ppm; Cd 0.125 ppm. Total metals concentration in the whole body of Cheumatopsyche sp. ranged from 0.424 to 0.781, while the MT content ranged from 4637 to 6930 ng.g-1. The results revealed that the larvae could accumulate different metals and be more effective in accumulating Hg than Pb and Cd, regardless of the level of metal concentration in the sediment. Metal concentrations measured in Cheumatopsyche sp. showed a significant correlation with metals in the sediment. Metallothionein levels throughout the larval body showed differences in different areas of metal contamination and this correlated with the concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Hg measured in the larval tissue, thus reflecting their bioavailability in the environment. The results also showed that even under exposure to low metal concentrations, MT was still detectable in Cheumatopsyche sp. and proved to be a good predictor of metal accumulation.
Determination of free radical scavenging activity, phenolic and flavonoid content of seven corn cultivars from the Southwest Maluku District, Indonesia
Authors: SINAY HERMALINA , MAHULETTE FERYMON , YÁÑEZ JAIME A.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Sinay H, Mahulette F, Yáñez JA. 2022. Determination of free radical scavenging activity, phenolic and flavonoid content of seven corn cultivars from the Southwest Maluku District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 5974-5981. The variation of corn (Zea mays L.) kernel might be considered as a surrogate indicator of the phytochemical and bioactive content. This study aimed to determine the phenolics, flavonoids, and free radical scavenging activity of seven local corn cultivars from Kisar Island, Southwest Maluku District in Indonesia. Sample extraction was done by the maceration method. Flavonoid content was determined using the Dowd method, and total phenolic content was performed using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Free radical scavenging activity was determined using the DPPH radical scavenging method. One-way ANOVA was performed with Duncan multiple range tests to assess the differences between corn seed cultivars, and p < 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. The results show that the total flavonoid content varied from 8.463 mg QE/mg (Putih cultivar) to 40.075 mg QE/mg (Kuning Dalam cultivar). Total polyphenol content also varied between 105.63 mg GAE/mg (Merah Delima Tongkol Putih cultivar) and 136.41 mg GAE/mg (Pulut cultivar). The antioxidant activity by DPPH assay determined that the seven local corn cultivars had IC50 values ??that were similar to quercetin (used as control), some were even lower. The IC50 value of the seven local corn cultivars ranged from 5.56 to 16.96 µg/mL, while quercetin had an IC50 value of 11.97 µg/mL. It was observed that the Merah Delima Tongkol Cokelat, Merah Delima Tongkol Putih, and Putih cultivars had comparable antioxidant activity to the control quercetin. The Merah Darah, Kuning Genjah, and Kuning Dalam cultivars exhibited a statistically significant higher antioxidant capacity than quercetin. These results can contribute to the selection of corn cultivars to harvest for commercial purposes and potential nutraceutical applications.
Identification of Tambelo (Bactronophorus thoracites) in Wamesa Waters, Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia
Authors: Leiwakabessy Juliana , Yahya Yahya , Fadjar Mohammad , Suprayitno Eddy
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Akabessy JL, Yahya, Fadjar M, Suprayitno E. 2022. Identification of Tambelo (Bactronophorus thoracites) in Wamesa Waters, Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6021-6030. Tambelo, otherwise known as shipworm, is a marine bivalve mollusk comprising 16 genera in the Teridinidae family, of which Teredo is the most frequently mentioned. Furthermore, the only species in the genus Bactronophorus is the wood borer, Bactronophorus thoracites (Teredinidae), which has a wide distribution in the Indo-West Pacific biogeographical region. Identifying shipworm species is difficult due to their high diversity and the limited information about their taxonomic characteristics, which often leads to identification errors by collectors. Papuan people consume tambelo as a substitute for side dishes because they are believed to be able to cure various diseases. Therefore, this study aims to establish by morphology and molecular analysis that tambelo belongs to the B. thoracites of the Teredinidae family. Tambelo was identified using the morphological method of observing the physical characterization of the palette, which is unique between genera. It was collected from a mangrove forest near Wamesa Beach, South Manokwari, Manokwari Regency, Indonesia. Meanwhile, this study adopted PCR, an identification method that uses DNA from a small number of samples and can provide a DNA sample sequence. Morphological analysis based on pallet characterization showed that the characteristics of the tambelo pallet were similar to those of the B. thoracites based on the identification book. In addition, the molecular phylogenetic analysis using two mitochondrial protein-coding genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), showed tambelo was 91% similar to B. thoracites from mangroves environment on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysia.
Macroepiphyte biodiversity on Kappaphycus alvarezii surface and its interaction with environment in cultivation centers on Lombok Island, Indonesia
Authors: GHAZALI MURSAL , WIDORETNO WAHYU , ARUMINGTYAS ESTRI LARAS , RETNANINGDYAH CATUR
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Ghazali M, Widoretno W, Arumingtyas EL, Retnaningdyah C. 2022. Macroepiphyte biodiversity on Kappaphycus alvarezii surface and its interaction with environment in cultivation centers on Lombok Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6284-6292. The aims of this paper are to investigate the influence of environmental factors on the diversity of macroepiphytes in Kappaphycus alvarezii. Macroepiphyte sampling was carried out at four cultivation centers: Seriwe Bay, Ekas Bay, Gerupuk Bay, and Siwak of Lombok Island, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Several stations were placed at each location, and at each station were used one to three cultivation units with five replications. Environmental data measurements were carried out at the time of sampling. Some parameters were measured: pH, temperature, salinity, current velocity, brightness, DO, BOD, nitrate, phosphate, and TSS. Data analysis was performed using several diversity indices. In addition, a biplot analysis was performed using PCA to analyze the correlation between environmental factors and environmental factors to macroepiphytes. The results showed that the most dominant species was Polysiphonia spaerocharpa, and the second was Ceramium sp1. The highest richness and abundance were found in Ekas Bay. The highest species dominance was in Siwak. The highest diversity index was in Ekas Bay. The correlation between environmental factors showed that hemeroby harmed depth, phosphate, and DO and positively affected BOD and the thallus surface structure. The principal correlation analysis showed that the abundance of macroepiphyte was influenced by BOD, the roughness of host thallus, and the hemeroby index.
Selection of probiotic candidate of lactic acid bacteria from Hermetia illucens larvae fed with different feeding substrates
Authors: SIREGAR DINI JULIA SARI , JULIANTI ELISA , TAFSIN MA’RUF , SURYANTO DWI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Siregar DJS, Julianti E, Tafsin M, Suryanto D. 2022. Selection of probiotic candidate of lactic acid bacteria from Hermetia illucens larvae fed with different feeding substrates. Biodiversitas 23: 6320-6326. Exploration of probiotics candidate have been accelerated from unique and novel source, one of which is from black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens). The black soldier flies are known as omnivores which are commonly reared, harvested and utilized to convert organic wastes into biomass yet reducing the amount of abundant waste in nature. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is one of beneficial gut symbionts which can be found across animal taxa, including insect, however, limited information is currently reported from H. illucens as a potential harboring insect. This study aimed to determine the probiotics candidate from the gut of H. illucens fed with different feeding substrates to improve the gut microbiota. The larvae were nourished with chicken manure, tofu solid wastes and vegetable wastes prior isolation of LAB. The LAB isolates were tested for their antagonistic activity against enteric pathogens, pH and bile salt tolerance, and adherence to chicken intestine (ileum). Based on the growth performance under physiological stresses and multivariate analysis using principal component analysis (PCA), four LAB isolates were designated as putative probiotics. The four isolates were Lactiplantibacillus. pentosus 5P2i1, Lacticaseibacillus. paracasei 5P2i5, Lactiplantibacillus. pentosus 5P2i9, and Lactiplantibacillus. plantarum 6P1i1 was then declared as novel strains that could be developed further as poultry probiotics.
Enabling sustainable community-based human-tiger conflict management in Seluma, Bengkulu, Indonesia
Authors: EKARINI DIAH FITRI , SETIAWATI SRI , GAWI JAMAL M.
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Ekarini DF, Setiawati S, Gawi JM. 2022. Enabling sustainable community-based human-tiger conflict management in Seluma, Bengkulu, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6404-6412. Human-wildlife conflict has emerged as one of the major threats to the global population of large carnivores. This condition applies to the endemic and Critically Endangered Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae). Although efforts to resolve conflict have been made from time to time, a sustainable solution is still very much needed, particularly given the unique characteristics of each case and area of conflict. A community-based approach to human-tiger conflict management can become a local-based solution towards a more sustainable management. This study aims to identify needs, gaps, and next steps related to collective action and sustainable community-based human-tiger conflict management in Seluma, Bengkulu, using a qualitative approach with literature review followed by semi-structure interview method. This study’s findings show that in the context of community-based human-tiger conflict management, the needs and gaps are still identified, particularly in: training and capacity building, adaptive management and applied research, communication and information exchange, policy frameworks and legal instruments, as well as funding. To make community-based human-tiger conflict management sustainable, the strength and sustainability of: coherent legal instruments; commitment, involvement, active role, communication, and support from all stakeholders, and; comprehensive environmental, social and economic data-based planning; need to be ensured.
Gallic acid content in sapodilla fruit and seed (Manilkara zapota) and the correlation with germination control in recalcitrant seed
Authors: Putri Kavita Febriani , Solichatun Solichatun , Pitoyo Ari
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Putri KF, Solichatun, Pitoyo A. 2021. Gallic acid content in sapodilla fruit and seed (Manilkara zapota) and the correlation with germination control in recalcitrant seed. Cell Biol Dev 5: 7-16. Sawo or sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen) is a tropical fruit with many benefits. Sapodilla seed is classified as a recalcitrant but has a low storage capacity. The storability of seeds is influenced by moisture content and accumulation of germination inhibitor compounds present in the seeds. One of the inhibitor compounds is gallic acid. This study aims to determine the content of gallic acid in sapodilla fruit and seeds and its relation to the control of seed germination. There were two parts to the research; the first was to assess the level of gallic acid at different stages of sapodilla fruit development. The second part examined the effect of sapodilla seeds' ripening and storing period on gallic acid content and seed viability. The data were taken from the morphological characteristics of sapodilla fruit and seeds during the development period. The preparation of seed anatomy, measurement of seed moisture content, tetrazolium test, germination test, and analysis of gallic acid content in sapodilla fruit and seeds were also carried out. The content of gallic acid was measured using UV-vis spectrophotometry. Data were analyzed with the One Way ANOVA test, and if there was a significant difference, the DMRT test (Duncan Multiple Range Test) was continued with a test level of 5%. The Independent Sample T-Test analyzed data from seed germination and viability tests. This research revealed that the fruit parts, seed coats, cotyledons, and sapodilla seed embryos all contain gallic acid inhibitor compounds. The highest gallic acid content in sapodilla seeds was in the fruit, while the lowest was in the cotyledons and embryos. The gallic acid content in sapodilla fruit and seeds decreased during the development process and storage treatment. The seed storage treatment decreased the germination percentage of sapodilla seeds. That indicates that gallic acid plays a role in controlling sapodilla seed germination.
Effect of colchicine on chromosome number, morphological character and ß-carotene production of Amaranthus tricolor’s red giti cultivar
Authors: ARINDYASWARI ADISTY , ETIKAWATI NITA , SURATMAN SURATMAN
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Arindyaswari A, Etikawati N, Suratman. 2021. Effect of colchicine on chromosome number, morphological character and ß-carotene production of Amaranthus tricolor’s red giti cultivar. Cell Biol Dev 5: 18-24. Amaranthus tricolor L. (bayam cabut or pulled spinach) is a vegetable consisting of ß-carotene, which acts as an antioxidant. Therefore, amaranths have potential as a functional food. ß-carotene production in a plant can be enhanced with mutation, one of which is mutation induction with colchicine. The aim of this research was to understand the effect of colchicine on chromosome number, morphological character and production of ß-carotene in A. tricolor of red giti cultivar and to find out which variation of treatment was optimum for producing polyploidy. This research was expected to give information about colchicine induced in amaranths, which had higher nutritional aspects and quality to be consumed. Amaranths seeds with colchicine treatment were done with various concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 500) ppm with soaking time variation of 6 and 12 hours, and then planted up to 40 days later. The number of chromosomes was analyzed by making preparation using the squash method, then observed under a microscope. Morphological characters were observed by measuring leaf length and width, stem diameter, and plant height. ß-carotene content was analyzed using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer with a wavelength of 450 nm. Data on leaf size, stem diameter, plant height, chromosome number, and ß-carotene content were analyzed using a one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results obtained were amaranths with the treatment of concentration 50 ppm with 6 hours soaked in colchicine and concentration 100 ppm with 12 hours soaked in colchicine showed significant changes to the induction of colchicine, which had a polyploidy character with several 3n = 51. Amaranths with the treatment of concentration 100 ppm with 12 hours soaked in colchicine solution were more effective in increasing the size of length, width of amaranths leaf, stem diameter, and stem height, while treatment of concentration 50 ppm with 6 hours soaked in colchicine solution was effective in increasing ß-carotene production up to 908,40±116,800 mg/kg. Statistical analysis of each morphological character and ß-carotene production of colchicine-induced amaranths shows significant results.
The effect of perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis) leaf extract on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels of diabetic mice
Authors: HARYTA FLORENSIA SYNTESA , LISTYAWATI SHANTI , PANGASTUTI ARTINI
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Haryta FS, Listyawati S, Pangastuti A. 2021. The effect of perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis) leaf extract on blood glucose and plasma insulin levels of diabetic mice. Cell Biol Dev 5: 63-69. The prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) has recently increased, thus encouraging drug exploration, especially from natural compounds. One of the potential medicinal plants to reduce blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus is perennial sow-thistle (Sonchus arvensis). This study was conducted to determine the effect of perennial S. arvensis leaf extract on mice's blood glucose levels and plasma insulin levels induced by streptozotocin. This study used six treatment groups, namely: normal, positive control (acarbose 0.13 mg/20ggBW), negative control (aquadest), and treatment group of perennial S. arvensis leaf extract at doses of 50 mg/kgBW, 100 mg/kgBW, and 150 mg/kgBW. The treatments were done by oral administration daily for 14 days. Measurements of blood glucose levels and postprandial plasma insulin levels were measured at 0, 60, and 120 minutes. The test animals were monitored for 14 days, and fasting blood glucose levels were measured on the 7th and 14th days. Data analysis using one-way ANOVA, and if there is a significant difference, it is continued with Duncan's Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that perennial S. arvensis leaf extract could reduce postprandial blood glucose elevation and blood glucose levels in diabetic mice, which were monitored for 14 days. The most effective dose is 150 mg/kgBW. Perennial S. arvensis leaf extract increased postprandial plasma insulin levels at 60 minutes; the most effective dose is 50 mg/kgBW.
Lipid profiles, hematological parameters and histopathological analysis of CCl4-intoxicated wistar albino rats treated with n-butanol extract of Ficus glumosa leaves
Authors: ABU MICHAEL SUNDAY , YAKUBU OJOCHENEMI EJEH , ONUCHE JOB ITANYI , OKPE OCHE
Published: January 2023

Abstract. Abu MS, Yakubu OE, Onuche JI, Okpe O. 2022. Lipid profiles, hematological parameters and histopathological analysis of CCl4-intoxicated wistar albino rats treated with n-butanol extract of Ficus glumosa leaves. Cell Biol Dev 6: 6-12. This research critically assessed the effect of the n-butanol fraction of methanol extract of Ficus glumosa Delile leaves on serum lipid profile, hematological parameters, and some organ architecture of experimental albino rats intoxicated with carbon tetrachloride. The crude methanol extract was re-dissolved in 300 mL of distilled water and repeatedly partitioned in a separating funnel with 400 mL of n-hexane with vigorous shaking. This process was repeated using other solvents (ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and distilled water), and the n-butanol was selected based on antioxidant potency. A total of 35 albino rats were used. The rats were divided into 7 groups of 5 animals each. Lipid profile, hematological indices, and histopathological analysis were carried out. With the administration of the extract, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol levels in the Carbon tetrachloride-induced but treated rats were significantly (P<0.05) reduced compared to the normal levels, 1.84±0.27 mmol/L, and 0.54±0.11 mmol/L, respectively. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein was relatively increased compared to the normal level, 1.44±0.43 mg/dL. Similarly, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and white blood cell levels were significantly (P<0.05) reversed to near normal in the extract-treated rats. On the other hand, the histopathological examinations of a liver section of the normal control group showed normal hepatocellular architecture with distinct hepatic cells with a well-conserved central vein. Carbo tetrachloride-induced control group liver showed intense hepatic necrosis with vascular congestion, kupffer cells hyperplasia, vacuolation, and degeneration of normal hepatic cells (hepatic necrosis). However, the induced but treated groups almost normalized the hepatic cells (moderate hepatic necrosis). The findings showed that the n-butanol fraction of F. glumosa could reverse the deleterious effects of CCl4 on lipid profile and hematological parameters with the restoration of the architectural integrities of the liver and kidney of the treated rats.
Improving Quality in Healthcare
Authors:   Phoenix Pulmonary and Critical Care Research and Education Foundation, Gilbert, AZ USA, Robbins Richard
Published: January 2023

No abstract available. Article truncated after 150 words. Everyone is in favor of quality healthcare and improving it. However, to date, initially highly touted quality measures prove to be meaningless metrics in about 5-10 years. That is, when the measures are scientifically studied, they are found to be of little worth. The cycle is then repeated, i.e., new and highly touted measures are again selected and found to be useless in 5-10 years. The latest in this cycle may be the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid’s (CMS) Merit-based Incentive Payment System (MIPS). The theory underlying MIPS has been that paying for quality rather than quantity will incentivize healthcare providers to improve quality. As part of the deal creating the Affordable Care Act (Obamacare) MIPS was established as a pay for performance system which promised to improve healthcare while reducing costs. However, healthcare costs have continued to rise (2). Data on improvement in quality has been lacking. Now, Bond …
Temporal effect of the spin-to-orbit conversion in tightly focused femtosecond optical fields
Authors: Zhang Shuoshuo , Zhou Zhangyu , Fu Yanan , Chen Qian , Li Weipeng , Fang Hui , Min Changjun , Zhang Yuquan , Yuan Xiaocong
Published: January 2023

Spin and orbital angular momenta are two of the most fundamental physical quantities that describe the complex dynamic behaviors of optical fields. A strong coupling between these two quantities leads to many intriguing spatial topological phenomena, where one remarkable example is the generation of a helicity-dependent optical vortex that converts spin to orbital degrees of freedom. The spin-to-orbit conversion occurs inherently in lots of optical processes and has attracted increasing attention due to its crucial applications in spin–orbit photonics. However, current researches in this area are mainly focused on the monochromatic optical fields whose temporal properties are naturally neglected. In this work, we demonstrate an intriguing temporal evolution of the spin-to-orbit conversion induced by tightly-focused femtosecond optical fields. The results indicate that the conversion in such a polychromatic focused field obviously depends on time. This temporal effect originates from the superposition of local fields at the focus with different frequencies and is sensitive to the settings of pulse width and central wavelength. This work can provide fundamental insights into the spin–orbit dynamics within ultrafast wave packets, and possesses the potential for applications in spin-controlled manipulations of light.
Deep learning-based weak micro-defect detection on an optical lens surface with micro vision
Authors: Yang Wennuo , Chen Meiyun , Wu Heng , Lin Zhengyang , Kong Deqing , Xie Shengli , Takamasu Kiyoshi
Published: January 2023

To solve limited efficiency and reliability issues caused by current manual quality control processes in optical lens (OL) production environments, we propose an automatic micro vision-based inspection system named MVIS used to capture the surface defect images and make the OL dataset and predictive inference. Because of low resolution and recognition, OL defects are weak, due to their ambiguous morphology and micro size, making a poor detection effect for the existing method. A deep-learning algorithm for a weak micro-defect detector named ISE-YOLO is proposed, making the best for deep layers, utilizing the ISE attention mechanism module in the neck, and introducing a novel class loss function to extract richer semantics from convolution layers and learning more information. Experimental results on the OL dataset show that ISE-YOLO demonstrates a better performance, with the mean average precision, recall, and F1 score increasing by 3.62%, 6.12% and 3.07% respectively, compared to the YOLOv5. In addition, compared with YOLOv7, which is the latest version of YOLO serials, the mean average precision of ISE-YOLO is improved by 2.58%, the weight size is decreased by more than 30% and the speed is increased by 16%.
Controllable atomic collision in a tight optical dipole trap
Authors: Wang Zhu-Bo , Gu Chenyue , Hu Xin-Xin , Zhang Ya-Ting , Zhang Ji-Zhe , Li Gang , He Xiao-Dong , Zou Xu-Bo , Dong Chun-Hua , Guo Guang-Can , Zou Chang-Ling
Published: January 2023

Single atoms are interesting candidates for studying quantum optics and quantum information processing. Recently, trapping and manipulation of single atoms using tight optical dipole traps has generated considerable interest. Here we report an experimental investigation of the dynamics of atoms in a modified optical dipole trap with a backward propagating dipole trap beam, where a change in the two-atom collision rate by six times has been achieved. The theoretical model presented gives a prediction of high probabilities of few-atom loading rates under proper experimental conditions. This work provides an alternative approach to the control of the few-atom dynamics in a dipole trap and the study of the collective quantum optical effects of a few atoms.
Bochum Assessment of Avoidance-based Emotion Regulation for Children (BAER-C): Development and evaluation of a new instrument measuring anticipatory avoidance-based emotion regulation in anxiety eliciting situations
Authors: Lippert Michael W. , Sommer Katharina , Flasinski Tabea , Schomberg Jan , Pflug Verena , Christiansen Hanna , In-Albon Tina , Knappe Susanne , Romanos Marcel , Tuschen-Caffier Brunna , Schneider Silvia
Published: January 2023

Avoidance-based emotion regulation plays a central role in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders across the life span. However, measures for children that account for different avoidance strategies, are scarce. Derived from Gross’ Process Model of Emotion Regulation, the Bochum Assessment of Avoidance-based Emotion Regulation for Children (BAER-C) was developed to assess avoidance strategies (cognitive avoidance, behavioural avoidance, verbal reassurance, and social reassurance) and reappraisal in anticipatory anxious situations. In the present study, the BAER-C was administered to 129 school children aged 8 to 14 and 199 children with anxiety disorders aged 8 to 16 and their parents, along with established measures on anxiety, psychopathology, and emotion regulation. Factor structure, internal consistency, convergent, divergent and construct validity were analysed. Results of the anxious sample showed a satisfactory internal consistency (McDonald’s ω = .94) for all scales as well as positive correlations with anxiety symptoms (all rs > .17, all ps < .05). Factor analysis supported a five-factor model. This model was confirmed in the student sample. Children with an anxiety disorder scored higher on behavioural avoidance, verbal reassurance, and social reassurance than school children (F (5,304) = 12.63, p = .003, ηp2 = .17). Results for construct validity were ambiguous. Our analyses suggest that the BAER-C is a promising theory-based new instrument to reliably assess different avoidance strategies in children. More research is needed to further analyse construct validity with other emotion regulation questionnaires.
Stakeholder perspectives on Nigeria’s national sodium reduction program: Lessons for implementation and scale-up
Authors: Sanuade Olutobi A. , Alfa Vanessa , Yin Xuejun , Liu Hueiming , Ojo Adedayo E. , Shedul Gabriel L. , Ojji Dike B. , Huffman Mark D. , Orji Ikechukwu A. , Okoli Rosemary C. B. , Akor Blessing , Ripiye Nanna R. , Eze Helen , Okoro Clementina Ebere , Van Horn Linda , Tripathi Priya , Ojo Tunde M. , Trieu Kathy , Neal Bruce , Hirschhorn Lisa R.
Published: January 2023

Background

To reduce excess dietary sodium consumption, Nigeria’s 2019 National Multi-sectoral Action Plan (NMSAP) for the Prevention and Control of Non-communicable Diseases includes policies based on the World Health Organization SHAKE package. Priority actions and strategies include mandatory sodium limits in processed foods, advertising restrictions, mass-media campaigns, school-based interventions, and improved front-of-package labeling. We conducted a formative qualitative evaluation of stakeholders’ knowledge, and potential barriers as well as effective strategies to implement these NMSAP priority actions.

Methods

From January 2021 to February 2021, key informant interviews (n = 23) and focus group discussions (n = 5) were conducted with regulators, food producers, consumers, food retailers and restaurant managers, academia, and healthcare workers in Nigeria. Building on RE-AIM and the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research, we conducted directed content qualitative analysis to identify anticipated implementation outcomes, barriers, and facilitators to implementation of the NMSAP sodium reduction priority actions.

Results

Most stakeholders reported high appropriateness of the NMSAP because excess dietary sodium consumption is common in Nigeria and associated with high hypertension prevalence. Participants identified multiple barriers to adoption and acceptability of implementing the priority actions (e.g., poor population knowledge on the impact of excess salt intake on health, potential profit loss, resistance to change in taste) as well as facilitators to implementation (e.g., learning from favorable existing smoking reduction and advertising strategies). Key strategies to strengthen NMSAP implementation included consumer education, mandatory and improved front-of-package labeling, legislative initiatives to establish maximum sodium content limits in foods and ingredients, strengthening regulation and enforcement of food advertising restrictions, and integrating nutrition education into school curriculum.

Conclusion

We found that implementation and scale-up of the Nigeria NMSAP priority actions are feasible and will require several implementation strategies ranging from community-focused education to strengthening current and planned regulation and enforcement, and improvement of front-of-package labeling quality, consistency, and use.