bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ ПРИ ВИКЛАДАННІ ПЕДІАТРИЧНИХ ДИСЦИПЛІН НА ЕТАПІ ДОДИПЛОМНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ ЛІКАРІВ
Authors: Боярчук О. Р. , Мочульська О. М.
Published: September 2021

Дистанційне навчання має свої переваги та недоліки щодо зручності освітнього процесу для викладачів і студентів, проте сучасні реалії життя вимагають широкого використання цієї форми медичної освіти у вищих навчальних закладах Укрaїни. Дистанційна освіта забезпечує якісне та всебічне навчання без відриву від повсякденної діяльності, у найбільш зручному місці й часі, доступ до електронних баз знань, суттєво підвищує активну роль студентів у процесі самостійного навчання, а від викладачів вимагає вдосконалення викладання як за змістом, так і за його формою. Важливими перевагами дистанційного навчання у сфері вищої медичної освіти є широке охоплення цільової аудиторії, гнучкість та можливість індивідуалізації освітньої програми, прозорість і можливість незалежного оцінювання. Основними варіантами, доступними для навчання за дистанційної освіти, є такі традиційні форми освітньої підготовки, як лекція, практичне заняття, семінар, консультація, що відповідають чинному законодавству. Технології дистанційного навчання в системі вищої медичної освіти повинні постійно вдосконалюватися, шляхом використання сучасних освітніх цифрових платформ, якісного методичного контентного наповнення web-ресурсів, запровадження ефективної системи контролю якості отриманих знань, щоб сприяти адаптації до нових реалій освітнього процесу та забезпечити високу якість медичної освіти.
ДОСВІД ВИКЛАДАННЯ ВИБІРКОВОЇ ДИСЦИПЛІНИ «ОСНОВИ ХІМІЧНОЇ МЕТРОЛОГІЇ» ПРИ ПІДГОТОВЦІ МАЙБУТНІХ ПРОВІЗОРІВ В УМОВАХ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Мосула Л. М. , Кучер Т. В. , Горлачук Н. В.
Published: September 2021

У статті представлений перший досвід викладання вибіркової дисципліни «Основи хімічної метрології» в умовах дистанційного навчання для студентів 2 курсу фармацевтичного факультету Тернoпільського нaціoнaльного медичного університету імені І. Я. Гoрбaчевськoгo (спеціальність 226 «Фармація, промислова фармація», денної форми навчання). Курс за вибором «Основи хімічної метрології» закладає основи всіх видів вимірювань у хімії, статистичної обробки результатів хімічного аналізу та визначення валідності результатів кількісного визначення хімічних сполук. Зазначена дисципліна є важливою складовою всебічного розвитку майбутнього фахівця фармацевтичної галузі. У важких для освітнього процесу реаліях, спричинених пандемією COVID-19, ТНМУ імені І. Я. Горбачевського створив належні умови для повноцінного дистанційного навчання студентів. Студенти мали змогу активно взаємодіяти з викладачем, працюючи в програмі Microsoft Teams у режимі живого спілкування та використовуючи матеріали СДО Moodle, одержувати змістовні, актуальні та ефективні знання. У статті відображено структуру вибіркової дисципліни «Основи хімічної метрології», особливості проведення лекцій, практичних занять та організації самостійної роботи студентів. Узагальнивши набутий досвід викладання в умовах карантину, автори виокремили позитивні та негативні сторони дистанційної форми навчання. Також висвітлено основні проблемні питання при вивченні зазначеної дисципліни та показані шляхи їх вирішення. Визначено теми, що потребують доопрацювання з метою полегшення розуміння їх студентами. Запропоновано, поряд із традиційним вивченням статистичної обробки результатів аналізу хімічного експерименту, в майбутньому застосовувати комп’ютерні програми математико-статистичної обробки даних, такі, як Microsoft Excel і Statistica, що мають великий набір статистичних функцій та засобів візуальної інтерпретації одержаних результатів.
ДЕЯКІ АСПЕКТИ КОНТРОЛЮ ЯКОСТІ ОСВІТИ НА КАФЕДРІ МІКРОБІОЛОГІЇ, ВІРУСОЛОГІЇ ТА ІМУНОЛОГІЇ В УМОВАХ ДИСТАНЦІЙНОГО НАВЧАННЯ
Authors: Романюк Л. Б. , Ткачук Н. І.
Published: September 2021

Пандемія, викликана СОVID-19 у світі та Україні, обумовила низку змін у системі надання освітніх послуг загалом і в медичній освіті зокрема. Перехід на дистанційну форму навчання в закладах вищої освіти спричинив низку практичних питань, котрі стосуються оцінки якості навчання. Враховуючи те, що запорукою ефективної роботи закладів вищої освіти є системна та ефективна підготовка висококваліфікованих фахівців, контроль знань є невідʼємною частиною цього процесу. Мікробіологія, вірусологія та імунологія відноситься до фундаментальних дисциплін при підготовці студентів медичного факультету, й остаточним методом оцінки знань з даного предмета є тестовий екзамен «Крок 1. Медицина». Але передумовами якісної підготовки майбутніх фахівців є регулярний та багаторівневий контроль їх успішності, що дозволяє виявити недоліки на ранніх стадіях та їх усунути. Аналіз поточної успішності та підсумки складання іспитів, у поєднанні з опрацюванням складання тестів в on-line режимі, дозволяють спрогнозувати результати складання «Крок 1. Медицина» і вчасно вжити заходів щодо тих студентів, котрі мають високі ризики. На кафедрі мікробіології, вірусології та імунології щосеместрово проводиться опрацювання результатів сесії (тестової та усної співбесіди, результатів складання прекроку) і поточної успішності (динаміка здачі практичних навичок, контроль середнього бала по академічних групах, робота з невстигаючими студентами), обговорення її на методичних нарадах, завдяки чому успішність студентів упродовж останніх кількох років порівняно з іншими предметами з мікробіології, вірусології та імунології знаходиться на стабільному рівні. Такий підхід до контролю якості знань дає змогу більш ретельно підготувати і спланувати щорічні консультації з підготовки до здачі комплексного тестового іспиту та врахувати питання і побажання студентів.
Direitas partidárias na América Latina do século XXI
Authors: Fernandes Jean Lucas Macedo
Published: September 2021

Através de levantamento bibliográfico dos debates recentes da literatura, este trabalho realiza um balanço acerca da relação entre conservadorismo e dinâmica partidária na América Latina contemporânea. O enfoque recai sobre as transformações econômicas e políticas do contexto internacional e a maneira como o espectro ideológico conservador tem articulado suas demandas aos partidos políticos. A conclusão geral é de que os partidos à direita – que acolhem as pautas conservadoras – tem se adaptado com sucesso ao jogo democrático, em meio ao recrudescimento de discursos conservadores, reativos às ações progressistas que ganharam força ao longo dos governos de esquerda dos anos 2000.
La Australia argentina (1898): a utopia patagônica de Roberto Payró
Authors: De Oliveira Camassa José Bento
Published: September 2021

La Australia argentina (1898), livro de viagem de Roberto Payró (1867-1928), escritor, intelectual socialista e repórter do importante jornal La Nación, de Buenos Aires, retrata a Patagônia mais de uma década depois da Conquista do Deserto (1879-1885). Em uma visão inspirada pelo determinismo geográfico e pela obra “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” (1893) do historiador estadunidense Frederick Jackson Turner, Payró identifica na região um potencial civilizacional subaproveitado, em função da administração política demasiadamente centralizada e da herança colonial espanhola. O autor advoga pela modernização da Patagônia por meio de uma maior autonomia política e econômica e por meio da imigração europeia, especialmente a de colonos e pioneers anglo-saxões. Payró, aliás, revela um posicionamento fortemente anglófilo, em um período de afirmação da latinidade na intelectualidade hispano-americana, no contexto da Guerra Hispano-Americana (1898).
Confiança política e qualidade da democracia: um debate teórico sobre o desempenho institucional
Authors: Da Silva Carolini Gabriel
Published: September 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar se há relação entre a confiança política e a qualidade da democracia a partir do debate teórico dos modelos de desempenho institucional mobilizados pelas literaturas. Para alcançar tal objetivo, conceituamos a confiança política e os elementos que orientam o nível de apoio político expresso pelos cidadãos. Em seguida, nos dedicamos às dimensões específicas da qualidade da democracia a fim de debater o que torna o desempenho de instituições, como o Congresso Nacional e o Poder Judiciário, bom ou ruim. Ensaiamos uma aproximação teórica entre as literaturas, considerando algumas particularidades da experiência brasileira. Supomos que a relação entre a confiança política e a qualidade da democracia repousa na semelhança entre as versões do desempenho institucional que são preferíveis em um regime democrático.
"Seminário Marx", um capítulo brasileiro do marxismo ocidental?
Authors: Marcelino Giovanna Henrique
Published: September 2021

Nos anos 1960, o marxismo passou por um momento de renovação no Brasil, ao servir de base para um conjunto de teses dedicadas à interpretação da sociedade brasileira, entre as quais, aquelas que se desenvolveram a partir do que ficou conhecido como “Seminário Marx”. Um pouco antes, esta tradição também havia passado por uma metamorfose na Europa, processo que resultou na consolidação de uma nova configuração intelectual – posteriormente denominada como Western Marxism– composta por uma geração de teóricos marxistas que se giraram para o trabalho filosófico e perderam o vínculo com a prática política. Este trabalho visa realizar uma breve meditação acerca da relação de parentesco entre essas duas formas de marxismo: a que se desenvolveu em terras paulistanas e aquela gestada no continente europeu. Para tanto, o centro da análise será problematizar a noção de que o marxismo levado à cabo pelos membros do Seminário representaria “o capítulo brasileiro do marxismo ocidental”, tal como sugerido por alguns autores. Com isso, espera-se refletir sobre a relação entre marxismo ocidental e o Brasil, e o paradoxo que percorre a história do marxismo brasileiro: o de precisar ser universal e particular ao mesmo tempo, tendo em vista o caráter internacional da tradição marxista, bem como a necessidade de adaptar suas formulações às realidades nacionais concretas.
Thomas Henry Huxley e o parentesco entre dinossauros e aves
Authors: Silva Junior Julian Cristian Gonçalves , Martins Tatiane Barbosa
Published: September 2021

Este trabalho consiste em uma tradução do artigo “On the Animals which are most nearly intermediate between Birds and the Reptiles”, de autoria de Thomas Huxley (1825-1895), publicado no Annals and Magazine of Natural History, em fevereiro de 1868. Nesse artigo, Thomas Henry Huxley (1825-1895) lidou com a hipótese da existência de uma relação de parentesco entre répteis e aves após ter observado diversas similaridades entre dois fósseis pertencentes a esses grupos:  Compsognathus e Archeopteryx. Apesar das inúmeras evidências apontadas por Huxley, e outros pesquisadores, a hipótese de que aves descendiam de dinossauros perdeu força na década de 1920. Só seria retomada na década de 1970, e desde então é consenso na comunidade científica.
Um conhecimento de formação: Alice Piffer Canabrava geógrafa (1935-1974)
Authors: Erbereli Júnior Otávio
Published: September 2021

Alice Piffer Canabrava (1911-2003) ingressou no curso de Geografia e História da Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras (FFCL) da Universidade de São Paulo (USP) em 1935. Naquele momento as várias cadeiras da subseção de Geografia e História contavam com a presença de professores franceses. Dentre estes, destacamos aqui Pierre Monbeig, geógrafo de orientação vidaliana, fundamental na institucionalização da moderna geografia no Brasil. Objetivamos demonstrar como a tradição geográfica francesa está presente em grande parte da produção de Alice Canabrava, fruto de um momento ímpar do ofício de historiador no Brasil: sua profissionalização nas Faculdades de Filosofia, com uma concepção historiográfica que incorpora a contribuição dos estudos geográficos. Ademais, ao comentar a obra de Capistrano de Abreu em 1974, Canabrava também mobiliza seus conhecimentos em geografia alemã.
Accumulation of Plasma-Derived Lipids in the Lipid Core and Necrotic Core of Human Atheroma: Imaging Mass Spectrometry and Histopathological Analyses
Authors: Nakagawa Kazunori , Tanaka Mitsuru , Hahm Tae-Hun , Nguyen Huu-Nghi , Matsui Toshiro , Chen Yong-Xiang , Nakashima Yutaka
Published: September 2021

Objective:

To clarify the pathogenesis of human atheroma, the origin of deposited lipids, the developmental mechanism of liponecrotic tissue, and the significance of the oxidation of phospholipids were investigated using mass spectrometry-aided imaging and immunohistochemistry.

Approach and Results:

Atherosclerotic lesions in human coronary arteries were divided into 3 groups: pathologic intimal thickening with lipid pool, atheroma with lipid core, and atheroma with necrotic core. The lipid pool and lipid core were characterized by the deposition of extracellular lipids. The necrotic core comprised extracellular lipids and liponecrotic tissue. The proportion of cholesteryl linoleate in cholesteryl linoleate+cholesteryl oleate fraction in the extracellular lipid and liponecrotic regions differed significantly from that of the macrophage foam cell–dominant region, and the plasma-derived components (apolipoprotein B and fibrinogen) were localized in the regions. The liponecrotic region was devoid of elastic and collagen fibers and accompanied by macrophage infiltration in the surrounding tissue. Non–oxidized phospholipid (Non-OxPL), OxPL, and Mox macrophages were detected in the three lesions. In the atheroma with lipid core and atheroma with necrotic core, non-OxPL tended to localize in the superficial layer, whereas OxPL was distributed evenly. Mox macrophages were colocalized with OxPL epitopes.

Conclusions:

In human atherosclerosis, plasma-derived lipids accumulate to form the lipid pool of pathologic intimal thickening, lipid core of atheroma with lipid core, and necrotic core of atheroma with necrotic core. The liponecrotic tissue in the necrotic core appears to be developed by the loss of elastic and collagen fibers. Non-OxPL in the accumulated lipids is oxidized to form OxPL, which may contribute to the lesion development through Mox macrophages.

Graphic Abstract:

A graphic abstract is available for this article.
Proteins as Mediators of the Association Between Diet Quality and Incident Cardiovascular Disease and All‐Cause Mortality: The Framingham Heart Study
Authors: Kim Youjin , Lu Sophia , Ho Jennifer E. , Hwang Shih‐Jen , Yao Chen , Huan Tianxiao , Levy Daniel , Ma Jiantao
Published: September 2021

Background

Biological mechanisms underlying the association of a healthy diet with chronic diseases remain unclear. Targeted proteomics may facilitate the understanding of mechanisms linking diet to chronic diseases.

Methods and Results

We examined 6360 participants (mean age 50 years; 54% women) in the Framingham Heart Study. The associations between diet and 71 cardiovascular disease (CVD)‐related proteins were examined using 3 diet quality scores: the Alternate Healthy Eating Index, the modified Mediterranean‐style Diet Score, and the modified Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension diet score. A mediation analysis was conducted to examine which proteins mediated the associations of diet with incident CVD and all‐cause mortality. Thirty of the 71 proteins were associated with at least 1 diet quality score (
P
<0.0007) after adjustment for multiple covariates in all study participants and confirmed by an internal validation analysis. Gene ontology analysis identified inflammation‐related pathways such as regulation of cell killing and neuroinflammatory response (Bonferroni corrected
P
<0.05). During a median follow‐up of 13 years, we documented 512 deaths and 488 incident CVD events. Higher diet quality scores were associated with lower risk of CVD (
P
≤0.03) and mortality (
P
≤0.004). After adjusting for multiple potential confounders, 4 proteins (B2M [beta‐2‐microglobulin], GDF15 [growth differentiation factor 15], sICAM1 [soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1], and UCMGP [uncarboxylated matrix Gla‐protein]) mediated the association between at least 1 diet quality score and all‐cause mortality (median proportion of mediation ranged from 8.6% to 25.9%). We also observed that GDF15 mediated the association of the Alternate Healthy Eating Index with CVD (median proportion of mediation: 8.6%).

Conclusions

Diet quality is associated with new‐onset CVD and mortality and with circulating CVD‐related proteins. Several proteins appear to mediate the association of diet with these outcomes.
Ultrasound-Guided BoNT-A (Botulinum Toxin A) Injection Into the Subscapularis for Hemiplegic Shoulder Pain: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Authors: Tan Botao , Jia Lang
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of an ultrasound-guided lateral approach for BoNT-A (botulinum toxin A) injections into the subscapularis in patients with hemiplegic shoulder pain.

Methods:

This single-center trial used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design. The key inclusion criteria were a visual analogue scale score of ≥4 cm and a modified Ashworth scale score of ≥1+. The patients were randomized to receive either BoNT-A injections or a placebo. The outcomes included the visual analogue scale score, modified Ashworth scale score, pain-free passive range of motion of the hemiplegic shoulder, Fugl-Meyer assessment score for the upper extremities, and Stroke-Specific Quality-of-Life score.

Results:

A total of 49 hemiplegic shoulder pain patients were screened, and 36 were included. The participants receiving the BoNT-A injection reported a significant decrease in pain (visual analogue scale, −1.39 [95% CI, −2.41 to −0.36];
P
=0.002) and spasticity (modified Ashworth scale score for shoulder internal rotation, −0.72 [95% CI, −1.10 to −0.35];
P
=0.001; modified Ashworth scale score for shoulder abduction, −0.44 [95% CI, −0.90 to −0.01];
P
=0.026) and improved pain-free passive shoulder internal rotation range of motion (14.56 [95% CI, 6.70–21.41];
P
<0.001) and quality of life (Stroke-Specific Quality-of-Life upper extremity subscale,
P
=0.025) compared with those receiving the placebo at the end point. The shoulder abduction range of motion did not significantly improve after the BoNT-A injection at the end point (
P
=0.127). In addition, the patients in the BoNT-A group showed significant improvements in the visual analogue scale score and shoulder external rotation range of motion at the 12-week follow-up. No injection-related adverse events were observed during or after the interventions in either group.

Conclusions:

The ultrasound-guided lateral approach for BoNT-A injections into the subscapularis is a precise and reliable method for reducing pain and spasticity and improving quality of life in stroke survivors with hemiplegic shoulder pain.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.chictr.org.cn
; Unique identifier: ChiCTR1900023513.
Frequency, Characteristics, and Outcomes of Endovascular Thrombectomy in Patients With Stroke Beyond 6 Hours of Onset in US Clinical Practice
Authors: Zachrison Kori S. , Schwamm Lee H. , Xu Haolin , Matsouaka Roland , Shah Shreyansh , Smith Eric E. , Xian Ying , Fonarow Gregg C. , Saver Jeffrey
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:

In 2018, 2 randomized controlled trials showed the benefit of endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke patients treated 6 to 24 hours from last known well using imaging-guided selection. However, little is known about outcomes in contemporary nontrial settings. We assessed the frequency of EVT and outcomes beyond 6 hours in the US Get With The Guidelines–Stroke clinical registry.

Methods:

We analyzed all acute ischemic stroke patients treated with EVT between January 1, 2009 and October, 1, 2018, at Get With The Guidelines–Stroke hospitals in the United States. We assessed trends over time in frequency of EVT beyond 6 hours, compared patient characteristics and outcomes between those treated within versus beyond 6 hours, and evaluated the associations between EVT time and outcomes.

Results:

We identified 53 702 patients at 697 sites treated with EVT during the study period. Treatment after 6 hours from last known well occurred in 17 720 (33%) of all 53 702 EVT cases (median 4.7 hours, interquartile range, 3.3–7 hours). The proportion of EVT cases treated after 6 hours from last known well varied widely across sites (median 30%, interquartile range, 24%–38%). Compared with patients treated within 6 hours, those treated beyond six hours were younger, less likely to have atrial fibrillation, less likely to arrive by ambulance, had lower stroke severity, were less likely to be anticoagulated, and more likely to be treated at centers with higher EVT volumes. After adjusting for patient and hospital characteristics, patients receiving EVT beyond 6 hours had less favorable in-hospital mortality, ambulation at discharge, and discharge disposition compared to those treated within 6 hours.

Conclusions:

EVT is frequently performed for patients with ischemic stroke after 6 hours from last known well, accounting for one-third of cases nationally, and adjusted functional outcomes at discharge are worse in these patients compared to those treated with EVT within 6 hours. Further efforts are needed for optimal EVT outcomes in clinical practice settings.
Outcomes Among Patients With Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome: A Nationwide United States Analysis
Authors: Patel Smit D. , Topiwala Karan , Otite Oliver Fadar , Saber Hamidreza , Panza Gregory , Mui Gracia , Liebeskind David S. , Saver Jeffrey L. , Alberts Mark , Ducros Anne
Published: September 2021

Background and Purpose:

Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome (RCVS) is a well-established cause of stroke, but its demographics and outcomes have not been well delineated.

Methods:

Analysis of the United States Nationwide Inpatient Sample database (2016–2017) to characterize the frequency of hospitalizations for RCVS, demographic features, inpatient mortality, and discharge outcomes.

Results:

During the 2-year study period, 2020 patients with RCVS were admitted to Nationwide Inpatient Sample hospitals, representing 0.02 cases per 100 000 national hospitalizations. The mean age at admission was 47.6 years, with 85% under 65 years of age, and 75.5% women. Concomitant neurological diagnoses during hospitalization included ischemic stroke (17.1%), intracerebral hemorrhage (11.0%), subarachnoid hemorrhage (32.7%), seizure disorders (6.7%), and reversible brain edema (13.6%). Overall, 70% of patients were discharged home, 29.7% discharged to a rehabilitation facility or nursing home and 0.3% died before discharge. Patient features independently associated with the poor outcome of discharge to another facility or death were advanced age (odds ratio [OR], 1.04 [95% CI, 1.03–1.04]), being a woman (OR, 2.45 [1.82–3.34]), intracerebral hemorrhage (OR, 2.91 [1.96–4.31]), ischemic stroke (OR, 5.72 [4.32–7.58]), seizure disorders (OR, 2.61 [1.70–4.00]), reversible brain edema (OR, 6.26 [4.41–8.89]), atrial fibrillation (OR, 2.97 [1.83–4.81]), and chronic kidney disease (OR, 3.43 [2.19–5.36]).

Conclusions:

Projected to the entire US population, >1000 patients with RCVS are hospitalized each year, with the majority being middle-aged women, and about 300 required at least some rehabilitation or nursing home care after discharge. RCVS-related inpatient mortality is rare.
Analyzing scientific mobility and collaboration in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: El-Ouahi Jamal , Robinson-García Nicolas , Costas Rodrigo
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the scientific mobility and international collaboration networks in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region between 2008 and 2017. By using affiliation metadata available in scientific publications, we analyze international scientific mobility flows and collaboration linkages. Three complementary approaches allow us to obtain a detailed characterization of scientific mobility. First, we uncover the main destinations and origins of mobile scholars for each country. Results reveal geographical, cultural and historical proximities. Cooperation programs also contribute to explain some of the observed flows. Second, we use the academic age. The average academic age of migrant scholars in MENA was about 12.4 years. The academic age group 6–10 years is the most common for both emigrant and immigrant scholars. Immigrants are relatively younger than emigrants, except for Iran, Palestine, Lebanon, and Turkey. Scholars who migrated to Gulf Cooperation Council countries, Jordan, and Morocco were on average younger than emigrants by 1.5 years from the same countries. Third, we analyze gender differences. We observe a clear gender gap: Male scholars represent the largest group of migrants in MENA. We conclude by discussing the policy relevance of the scientific mobility and collaboration aspects.
Patch use and departure rules by gull-billed tern Gelochelidon nilotica
Authors: Ribeiro Pablo D. , Navarro Diego D. , Iribarne Oscar O.
Published: September 2021

The gull-billed tern Gelochelidon nilotica feeds on the fiddler crab Leptuca uruguayensis, which settles forming patches in south-eastern temperate mudflats of Argentina. Through field observations, we evaluated whether gull-billed terns used patches following the marginal value theorem (MVT). Gull-billed tern residence time in a patch was not related to crab density or travel times. The number of captures was also unrelated to crab density. Most of the times (44.6%) terns captured only one crab from each patch, and 35% of the times they left without a capture. However, crab density was lower when terns left the patches than when they arrived. This suggests that following several capture attempts by terns, crabs hide, producing a temporary decrease in their availability, forcing tern departure from the patches, which are no longer profitable. Thus, when prey availability is affected more by predator activity than by consumption, the MVT may not necessarily apply.
In the Middle of Nowhere
Authors: Goodall Jane
Published: September 2021

Given that the condition of ‘mortal liveness’ was a greater cause for perplexity in Beckett’s writing than the notion of an afterlife, this essay considers evocations of a post-mortal state in The Unnamable and the three works of the later trilogy, Nohow On, as a continuum from the pre-natal state he claims to recall. The paintings of Jack B. Yeats, an acknowledged influence on Beckett, exhibit significant parallels in the evocation of figures whose tenuous presence in the landscape erases the boundary between shades and mortal beings.
Beckett and the Sub Specie Aeternitatis Vision
Authors: Uhlmann Anthony
Published: September 2021

This essay will consider the idea of the creation of the feeling of the ‘eternal’ in Samuel Beckett through a strange identification of temporalities that involve the immediate sensation of direct perception in the present, and idealised feelings from the past. It begins by unpacking Beckett’s comment in a letter to Thomas McGreevy of 5 March 1936 that affirms the importance of the ‘sub specie aeternitatis [from the perspective of eternity] vision’ (2009b, 318–321; Knowlson, 219). It considers Spinoza’s definitions of the ‘eternal’ and draws upon Beckett’s early essay Proust in developing readings of Beckett’s late prose works Ceiling (1981) and Stirrings Still (1989). It does this not to attempt to demonstrate Beckett’s debt to Spinoza, which remains open to question, but rather to underline how Beckett’s works, in dialogue with those of Spinoza, allow us to glimpse what is at stake in a particular idea of the eternal.
An update on the diversity of marine sponges in the southern gulf of Mexico coral reefs
Authors: UGALDE DIANA , FERNANDEZ JULIO C.C. , GÓMEZ PATRICIA , LÔBO-HAJDU GISELE , SIMÕES NUNO
Published: September 2021

Until now, 127 species of marine sponges have been recorded in the southern Gulf of Mexico (SGoM). In this study, we describe the sponge fauna recorded on 16 coral reefs of the SGoM, defined as the Mexican waters of the Gulf of Mexico (GoM), during a period from 2005 to 2019. We report 80 sponge species, including 34 first geographic records for the southern GoM region. The latter are fully described and illustrated, taking into account 24 that represent new records for the GoM: Agelas conifera, Agelas sventres, Agelas wiedenmayeri, Prosuberites carriebowensis, Desmanthus meandroides, Cliona aprica, Cliona dioryssa, Placospongia ruetzleri, Haliclona (Gellius) megasclera, Haliclona (Reniera) aff. portroyalensis, Neopetrosia proxima, Xestospongia arenosa, Calyx podatypa, Shiphonodictyon xamaycaense, Acarnus innominatus, Iotrochota arenosa, Polymastia tenax, Svenzea cristinae, Svenzea flava, Svenzea tubulosa, Svenzea zeai, Timea stenosclera, Stellettinopsis megastylifera, Suberea flavolivescens. The present work highlights the understimated and remarkable diversity of reef-associated sponges within the Campeche Bank Coral reef systems. Present work data was compiled with existing published information to produce an updated list of 161 known sponges in the southern GoM.
On the Upper-Ocean Vertical Eddy Heat Transport in the Kuroshio Extension. Part II: Effects of Air–Sea Interactions
Authors: Yang Peiran , Jing Zhao , Sun Bingrong , Wu Lixin , Qiu Bo , Chang Ping , Ramachandran Sanjiv , Yuan Chunxin
Published: September 2021

Encountering of energetic ocean eddies and atmosphere storms makes the winter Kuroshio extension a hotspot for air–sea interactions. This second part investigates the regulation of vertical eddy heat transport QT in the winter Kuroshio extension mixed layer by different types of air–sea interactions, including the atmosphere synoptic forcing, eddy thermal feedback resulting from eddy-induced surface heat flux anomalies, and eddy current feedback from eddy current’s imprint on wind stress. Atmosphere synoptic forcing modulates intraseasonal variation of QT by boosting its component contributed by the turbulent thermal wind balance during strong cooling events associated with intense winds. In addition, the magnitude of QT is influenced by the direction of synoptic wind stress primarily via , with the latter exhibiting enhancement both in the downfront- and upfront-wind forcing. Enhanced by the downfront-wind forcing is attributed to increased turbulent vertical viscosity and front intensity caused by the destabilizing wind-driven Ekman buoyancy flux, whereas interaction of uniform wind stress with smaller turbulent vertical viscosity at the front center than periphery (a so-called internal Ekman pumping) accounts for the increased in the upfront-wind forcing. The eddy thermal feedback reduces QT significantly through weakening the fronts. In contrast, the eddy current feedback exerts negligible influences on QT, although it weakens eddy kinetic energy (EKE) evidently. This is due to the much reduced effect of eddy current feedback in damping the fronts compared to EKE and also due to the compensation from Ekman pumping induced by the eddy current feedback.
A Coffee Yield Next-Generation Forecast System for Rain-Fed Plantations: The Case of the Samalá Watershed in Guatemala
Authors: Pons Diego , Muñoz Ángel G. , Meléndez Ligia M. , Chocooj Mario , Gómez Rosario , Chourio Xandre , Romero Carmen González
Published: September 2021

The provision of climate services has the potential to generate adaptive capacity and help coffee farmers become or remain profitable by integrating climate information in a risk-management framework. Yet, to achieve this goal, it is necessary to identify the local demand for climate information, the relationships between coffee yield and climate variables, and farmers’ perceptions and to examine the potential actions that can be realistically put in place by farmers at the local level. In this study, we assessed the climate information demands from coffee farmers and their perception on the climate impacts to coffee yield in the Samalá watershed in Guatemala. After co-identifying the related candidate climate predictors, we propose an objective, flexible forecast system for coffee yield that is based on precipitation. The system, known as NextGen, analyzes multiple historical climate drivers to identify candidate predictors and provides both deterministic and probabilistic forecasts for the target season. To illustrate the approach, a NextGen implementation is conducted in the Samalá watershed in southwestern Guatemala. The results suggest that accumulated June–August precipitation provides the highest predictive skill associated with coffee yield for this region. In addition to a formal cross-validated skill assessment, retrospective forecasts for the period 1989–2009 were compared with agriculturalists’ perception on the climate impacts to coffee yield at the farm level. We conclude with examples of how demand-based climate service provision in this location can inform adaptation strategies like optimum shade, pest control, and fertilization schemes months in advance. These potential adaptation strategies were validated by local agricultural technicians at the study site.
Expatriate work role engagement and the work–family interface: A conditional crossover and spillover perspective
Authors: Reiche B Sebastian , Dimitrova Mihaela , Westman Mina , Chen Shoshi , Wurtz Olivier , Lazarova Mila , Shaffer Margaret A
Published: September 2021

How intertwined are expatriates with their families? And what makes some expatriates better than others at leveraging positive or compensating for negative influences from their family life? Drawing on conservation of resources, crossover and spillover theories, we examine when partner family role adjustment influences expatriates’ family experiences, and how and when these experiences translate into expatriate work role engagement. Using data from 105 expatriate–partner dyads at two time points, we establish the key personal resource of general self-efficacy as a boundary condition for crossover and spillover. We find that expatriates with high self-efficacy experience no crossover between partner family role adjustment and expatriate family role adjustment, and positive spillover between their family role engagement and their work role engagement. By contrast, expatriates with low self-efficacy experience strong crossover between partner family role adjustment and expatriate family role adjustment, and negative spillover between their family role engagement and work role engagement. Our results suggest that the way in which the family domain influences expatriate work role engagement depends on general self-efficacy. We contribute to conservation of resources, crossover and spillover theories, and the work–family interface during expatriation. Our results also pinpoint organizational interventions to improve expatriates’ work role engagement.
Attribute Embedding: Learning Hierarchical Representations of Product Attributes from Consumer Reviews
Authors: Wang Xin (Shane) , He Jiaxiu , Curry David J. , Ryoo Jun Hyun (Joseph)
Published: September 2021

Sales, product design, and engineering teams benefit immensely from better understanding customer perspectives. How do customers combine a product's technical specifications (i.e., engineered attributes) to form abstract product benefits (i.e., meta-attributes)? To address this question, the authors use machine learning and natural language processing to develop a methodological framework that extracts a hierarchy of product attributes based on contextual information of how attributes are expressed in consumer reviews. The attribute hierarchy reveals linkages between engineered attributes and meta-attributes within a product category, enabling flexible sentiment analysis that can identify how consumers receive meta-attributes, and which engineered attributes are main drivers. The framework can guide managers to monitor only portions of review content that are relevant to specific attributes of interest. Moreover, managers can compare products within and between brands, where different names and attribute combinations are often associated with similar benefits. The authors apply the framework to the tablet computer category to generate dashboards and perceptual maps and provide validations of the attribute hierarchy using both primary and secondary data. Resultant insights allow the exploration of substantive questions, such as how Apple improved successive generations of iPads and why Hewlett-Packard and Toshiba discontinued their tablet product lines.
Computational simulator that calculates tumor control probability in a tumor heterogeneously irradiated for fractionated radiation oncology treatments
Authors: Frometa-Castillo Terman , Pyakuryal Anil , Narayanasamy Ganesh , Wals-Zurita Amadeo , Piseaux-Aillon Raul , Mesbahi Asghar
Published: September 2021

Although in the ionizing radiation field many concepts and processes are currently recognized as radiobiological, there are also probabilistic ones, and a probabilistic treatment makes a better understanding about them. The purpose of this study is to develop a new radiobiological simulator that calculates the tumor control probability (TCP) for a tumor heterogeneously irradiated from a fractioned treatment. The three possible types of cells and the results of interactions of ionizing radiation with each cell of a determined volume are analyzed. For an irradiated region with a dose per fraction d, the simulator determines the radiation biological effects using the cell kill ( K) and cell sub-lethal damage, volume, cell density, cell repair of damaged cells during the interfractions, and number of fractions. K is determined from its probabilistic complement, the cell survival ( S), described with the linear-quadratic (LQ) S(d) model as K = 1 − LQ S( d). TCP is calculated from computational simulations as in the ratio of simulations with K = 100% and their total. This application opens new avenues for theoretical and experimental investigations concerning simulations of radiation treatments, and methodologies for therapy optimizations. Our simulator represents a novel methodology as TCP is calculated without analytical formulas, but based on its own probabilistic definition.
L’expérience de l’hybride. Cultures céréalières et croisements spirituels
Authors: Vermander Benoît
Published: September 2021

Starting from a historical reflection on the concept of hybridization, and in particular on its circulation between natural and social sciences, this contribution attempts to identify some of the processes by which cereal rituals are reformulated when the relevance of associated representations and practices is eroded. Among other examples, it mobilizes the case of millet rituals in Taiwan, modified by the introduction of rice cultivation and then by Christianization. The last section revisits the concepts and approaches used in the field so as to better balance theoretical rigor and imagination in the study of the transformations that continue to affect the meaning given to cultivation and food practices.
Comparison of the airflow characteristics and yarn properties between conventional and dual-feed-opening rotor spinning units
Authors: Shi Qianqian , Wang Jiang , Zhang Yuze , Ding Qian , Akankwasa Nicholus Tayari , Lin Huiting , Wang Jun
Published: September 2021

In order to explore the differences between conventional and dual-feed-opening rotor spinning units (RSUs), this work compares the airflow characteristics of two RSU models utilizing a computational fluid dynamics simulation model with the accuracy verified by airflow behavior observation and air pressure measurement. The effect of two different opening roller speeds on the airflow field distribution of a dual-feed-opening model is also investigated. In addition, the yarn properties of six pure and blended yarns corresponding to the two RSU models are evaluated. The results reveal that the distributions of airflow velocity vector and air pressure in the two RSU models show a strong similarity under the same boundary conditions. However, the dual-feed-opening model possesses a centrosymmetric and more balanced airflow field distribution compared to the conventional model. In addition, the dual-feed-opening yarns show a superior performance in comparison to the conventional yarns. Furthermore, for the dual-feed-opening model, there are equivalent contributions of two separated opening and fiber transmission systems to the airflow field distribution and yarn formation. Compared to the configuration with the same two opening roller speeds, the dual-feed-opening model configured with two different opening roller speeds obtains an improved blended yarn performance with having few effects on the airflow characteristics. This strength of the dual-feed-opening RSU could facilitate the production of blended and fancy yarns employing the fibers with diverse properties. This study could provide some guidelines for the manufacture of rotor-spun yarns and the future design of RSUs.
Social Capital and the Higher Education Academic Achievement: Using Cross-Classified Multilevel Models to Understanding the Impact of Society on Educational Outcomes
Authors: Oyefuga Emiola , Shakeshaft Charol
Published: September 2021

This article aims to show the influence of social capital on the academic achievement of American students. Using data from Waves I and IV of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health), this study explored how one of the domains of social capital, the family, makes a difference to educational outcomes in higher education. Cross-classified multilevel models were used to analyze the data to understand the effects of family social capital variables and contexts on academic achievement. In addition, the models examined if gender, race, and parental socioeconomic status influenced the relationship. The findings from this study showed that the effects of family social capital differed for different groups of students and was impacted by the context. This study also found that parental income, education, and employment all affected how family social capital influenced academic achievement.
On the Liberty of the English: Adam Smith’s Reply to Montesquieu and Hume
Authors: Sagar Paul
Published: September 2021

This essay has two purposes—first, to identify Adam Smith as intervening in the debate between Montesquieu and Hume regarding the nature, age, and robustness of English liberty. Whereas Montesquieu took English liberty to be old and fragile, Hume took it to be new and robust. Smith disagreed with both: it was older than Hume supposed, but not fragile in the way Montesquieu claimed. The reason for this was the importance of the common law in England’s legal history. Seeing this enables the essay’s second purpose: achieving a more thorough and nuanced understanding of Smith’s account of liberty. This requires us to go beyond repeating Smith’s famous claim that modern liberty was the result of the feudal barons trading away their wealth and power for inane status goods. As I demonstrate, this is only one part of a much wider story: of liberty requiring, and also being constituted by, the rise of the regular administration of justice, and ultimately the rule of law. Although Smith’s history of the English courts and common law has been almost entirely neglected by scholars, it is indispensable to understanding both his reply to Montesquieu and Hume and his wider political theory of modern freedom.
“So many of our destinies are tied beyond our understanding:” Rethinking religious hybridity in Latinx/o/a contexts
Authors: Hidalgo Jacqueline M.
Published: September 2021

In December 2018, then congresswoman-elect Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez made headlines for a brief speech she was invited to give at a Hanukkah-lighting event sponsored by Jews for Racial and Economic Justice in Queens, New York. Some people found Ocasio-Cortez’s statements problematic. In partial and prompt response, she further clarified her perspective in a Twitter thread that amply demonstrated some of the tensions that arise in the study of Latinx/a/o religious pluralism. This article examines how Latinx/a/o stories can complicate dominant definitions of religion in part because of the memory of colonialism that frames religion as a category in Latina/o/x contexts. However, Latinx/o/a contexts themselves have been overly dominated by romanticized narratives of mixture that present their own challenges, particularly when encoded with a linear, straight temporality focused on both origins and destinations. Nevertheless, drawing on the work of Yomaira C. Figueroa-Vásquez (2020) and her use of apocalypso, I turn to understandings of hybridity that could disrupt a neat, linear temporality.
Schwannoma of the Zygomatic Branch of the Facial Nerve
Authors: Kilmpasanis Adamantios , Tsetsos Nikolaos , Poutoglidis Alexandros , Tsentemeidou Aikaterini , Sotiroudi Sotiria , Garefis Konstantinos , Forozidou Evropi , Vlachtsis Konstantinos
Published: September 2021

Significance Statement

Facial nerve schwannoma is extremely uncommon. Despite its rarity, it is considered the most common facial nerve tumor and potentially affects any segment of the nerve. Presenting symptoms vary depending on the location of the neoplasm. Tumors pertaining to the extratemporal course of the nerve mainly appear as an asymptomatic parotid mass. We present a rare case of schwannoma of the zygomatic branch of the right facial nerve that was surgically resected, without facial nerve injury.
Simultaneous Segmentation of Fetal Hearts and Lungs for Medical Ultrasound Images via an Efficient Multi-scale Model Integrated With Attention Mechanism
Authors: Xi Jianing , Chen Jiangang , Wang Zhao , Ta Dean , Lu Bing , Deng Xuedong , Li Xuelong , Huang Qinghua
Published: September 2021

Large scale early scanning of fetuses via ultrasound imaging is widely used to alleviate the morbidity or mortality caused by congenital anomalies in fetal hearts and lungs. To reduce the intensive cost during manual recognition of organ regions, many automatic segmentation methods have been proposed. However, the existing methods still encounter multi-scale problem at a larger range of receptive fields of organs in images, resolution problem of segmentation mask, and interference problem of task-irrelevant features, obscuring the attainment of accurate segmentations. To achieve semantic segmentation with functions of (1) extracting multi-scale features from images, (2) compensating information of high resolution, and (3) eliminating the task-irrelevant features, we propose a multi-scale model with skip connection framework and attention mechanism integrated. The multi-scale feature extraction modules are incorporated with additive attention gate units for irrelevant feature elimination, through a U-Net framework with skip connections for information compensation. The performance of fetal heart and lung segmentation indicates the superiority of our method over the existing deep learning based approaches. Our method also shows competitive performance stability during the task of semantic segmentations, showing a promising contribution on ultrasound based prognosis of congenital anomaly in the early intervention, and alleviating the negative effects caused by congenital anomaly.
Infrastructure of life: public address, listening and crowds in the Delhi metro and Kumbh
Authors: Sawhney Mehak
Published: September 2021

Through an ethnographic study of the Delhi metro and Kumbh fair, this article explores the public address system as an infrastructure of life in urban India. Amplified sound is the singular means to address crowds during emergencies which makes it significant for understanding mass mediation and public safety. Since millions of people travel in the Delhi metro every day, and the Kumbh fair is the largest human gathering in the world, human density and scale as a predominant Southern reality is the premise of this research. It offers an intersubjective understanding of crowds through empathy and care, and reveals the life-saving potentiality of infrastructures when the masses are at risk.