bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERIZATION OF MORPHOLOGICAL TRAITS IN ALGERIAN INDIGENOUS GOATS BY MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS
Authors: Fantazi Khaled , Tolone Marco , Amato Benedetta , Sahraoui Hossem , Vincenzo di Marco Lo Presti , La Giglia Maria , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil , Vitale Maria
Published: February 2022

Goat farming is an important economical resource in rural and harsh areas worldwide. In Algeria, a population of more than 5 million of goats is present but until recent years, genetic characterization of different indigenous breeds was not performed. A description of morpho biometric traits has been performed to establish characteristics distinguishing 4 different goats breed: Naine de Kabylie, Arbia, Mekatia and M’zabite bred in 4 different environments in north-central Algeria. A total of 416 goats, aged up to twelve months old, belonging to the four indigenous breeds were used for the analysis. Multivariate analysis was performed considering the following 5 quantitative traits: height at wither(HW), thoracic circumference (TC), ears length (EL), horns length (HoL) and hair length (HaL). In addition, 7 qualitative traits were used: the coat colour (black and white, black, white, brown, brown and white), type of hair (three levels: short, mid-long and long), type of ears (three levels: drooping,pedunculated and dressed), type of chamfer (two levels: curved or straight), incidence of horns (Ho, presence/absence), incidence of beard (Br, presence/absence) and incidence of wattles (W, presence/absence). Least square means of the morphometric measurements traits for sex were generally significant (p < 0.01). Component analysis and common factor analysis were used to analyse interrelationships among variables. Phenotypic frequencies of the qualitative traits were calculated. To analyse the pattern of relationships among the qualitative variables a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) was performed. The first component accounts for the 61% of the variance and is associated with measures of height (HW) and length (TC, EL, HoL). The second component is associated with HaL with a correlation of 97%. The considered breeds were not perfectly clustered as some qualitative traits were in common between breeds.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF THE PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF BOVINE MILK IN THE TLEMCEN REGION
Authors: Benyarou Mohammed , Ameur Ameur Abdelkader , Benhamadi Mohamed Amine , Bouandas Ameur , LABBACI Madani , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil
Published: February 2022

The objective of this work is to carry out a comparative study through the main factors (individual, breed, age and region) having a direct effect or by interaction on the physicochemical parameters of th milk produced by 3 types of cows, local (BLL), imported (BLI) and crossed (BLC) which are reared b the same extensive farming system in the western region of Algeria. A total of 88 dairy cows, 55 BLLs, 17 BLIs and 16 BLCs selected at the beginning of lactation were followed regularly for a period of three months (March to May). At the same time, milk samples are taken for each cow and then they are sent for analysis at the laboratory. The physicochemical parameters of milk analyzed as well as milk production showed a very varied degree of influence with respect to breed and age.
CONTRIBUTION TO THE STUDY OF TWO LOCAL BOVINE BREEDS IN WILAYA OF TLEMCEN: MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DNA BIOBANK.
Authors: Mehdid Baya , Benyarou Mohammed , Ameur Ameur Abdelkader , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil
Published: February 2022

This work is carried out a study of the typology of local cattle breeding in the Wilaya of Tlemcen, a phenotypic characterization of two local breeds Guelmoise and Tlemcenienne with a preparation of biobank of DNA concerning the latter and relating to 40 blood samples from unrelated animals. The results of the typology (supported by a questionnaire) showed that there is an leaving of the breeding of local breeds in favor of imported breeds are that the local breed is raised exclusively in e extensive system and conditions breeding are really precarious. Quantitative measures (age, chest circumference, height at withers, sacral height, diagonal length, length of head, length of ears, length of horns, length of tail, milk yield) and qualitative (color of the dress, regions) submitted to statistical analyzes show that the two breeds are almost identical, and that there are introductions of exogenous breeds especially in the Tlemcenienne breed, this was confirmed when calculating the diversity index, which showed that the Tlemcenienne breed is more diversified  (H '= 0.31) given the exchanges practiced by breeders and the anarchic crossbreeding of animals, while that of Guelmoise equal to H' = 0.28. This very important preliminary work deserves to be pursued by a molecular characterization of more populations and a wider geographical area.
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE BREAD WHEAT VARIETY "ISKANDARIA" IN THE REGION OF AOUGROUT (ADRAR)
Authors: Yakoube Karima , Delloumi Fadila , Bellatreche Amina
Published: February 2022

In Algeria, the diversity of wheat is poorly known for this reason an inventory has been made in a regionof southern Algeria "Adrar", specifically in the area of Aougrout, located south of the Timimoun region.Therefore, local varieties of bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) have been tried for morphologicalcharacterization. In this context, only one traditional bread wheat variety was studied using ninequantitative agromorphological traits and eight qualitative traits. The phenotypic diversity wasdetermined by the Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H’) at different levels. The estimated H’s showeda wide phenotypic variability for the different traits with an average H’ of 0.68 for the quantitative traitsand 0.34 for the qualitative traits. The results of this work revealed the great phenotypic diversity of thebread wheat variety (Iskandaria) studied and show that this local variety (whose genetic compositionremains to be studied more precisely) is mainly grown by traditional farmers, who conserve this geneticresource often on very small plots in oases and inaccessible land.
Morphometric characterization and identification of sardines at the Ghazaouet station and Béni-Saf bay
Authors: Hattab Mohammed , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil
Published: February 2022

The seafood products are part of the animal protein resources and a wide variety of mineral salts, among which is produced sardine (Sardina pilchardus) which has a very important commercial and economic interest in the world. In Algeria, although its coastline covers a large area, it has generally apear a decrease in the amount of sardine landed in recent years especially in the west coast. The sardine does not have the same economic value, according to its origin, this species can have prices and or a frequency of sale different, it is the case of our two studied population or the sardine of the Béni-Saf bay is appreciate more than of the region of Ghazaouet. Indeed, we made morphometric measurements of five parameters (weight (W), total languor (LT), length of muzzle to fork (LM), length between anal fin and muzzle ( LA), the length between the anal fin and the pelvic fin (LP)) after two samplings at the edge of a sardine boat at two stations, one located at Ghazaouet and the other at the level of Béni-saf with a total number of samples equal to 199 individuals. It appears from the analysis of the results that the weight has a highly significant correlation with the total length at the level of the Béni-saf. The same observation was made in Ghazaouet but with less intensity. The parameter (weight) analyzed showed a clear superiority of the Béni-Saf population to that of the population of Ghazaouet. This work also proved to us that the population of Béni-saf and Ghazaouet are well individualized and therefore justifies their own identity on the market. For more scientific precision blood sampling (50 samples for each population) was carried out for subsequent molecular characterization studies.
Assessment of the reproductive traits of Saanen, Red Maradi goats and their crossbreeding the Sudano-guinean zone of North Benin
Authors: Offoumon O.T.L , Assani S.A S.A , Sanni Worogo S.H , Soule F , Assobga B , Bassossa Baguima A.M , Gbangboche A.B , Alkoiret Traore I
Published: February 2022

The study was conducted at the farm of the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) "Fermiers Sans Frontière" to assess the reproductive performance of Red Maradi, Saanen goats and their crossbred F1 and F2 (backcross) in an intensive livestock farming system in northern Benin. The reproduction data were collected on 238 goats. The Red Maradi first reached age at conception and first kidding, followed by F1, Saanen and F2 (P<0.05). On the other hand, the average weight at mating was significantly higher in Saanen, followed by F1, F2 and Red Maradi. Goats born in the rainy season had better reproductive performance than the others born in the dry season. Similarly, single-born goats had the shortest period (P<0.05) for some reproductive performances (age at conception, age at first kidding, kidding interval and gestation period). The Red Maradi breed was superior in all reproductive traits indicating better reproductive performance of this breed compared to Saanen and F1 and F2. The effect of the season on most traits indicates the need for supplementation of goats during the dry season when the pasture condition is very poor for better reproductive performance.
Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification Technique (LAMP): A rapid Tool For Detection Of mitochondrial Cytochrome b Gene Of Dorcas gazelle
Authors: Salih Reem Rabie Mohammed , Aradaib I.E.T , Karrar A.E , Gibreel H.H
Published: February 2022

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was introduced in the year 2000 by Notomi, as a highly sensitive, specific and cost-effective technique for microbial identification. In contrast to the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technology in which the reaction is carried out with a series of alternating temperature steps or cycles, isothermal amplification is carried out at a constant temperature and does not require a thermal cycler. LAMP, a simple DNA amplification technique, with its field amenable nature has been used to detect a variety of pathogens including viruses, fungi, bacteria and parasites and in most of the cases it surpasses polymerase chain reaction. In this study the authors investigated the Loop mediated isothermal amplification technique (LAMP) which is a novel nucleic acid amplification technique. They tried to apply LAMP technique to detection of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene in dorcas gazelles. They designed LAMP specific primers for targeted gene and have verified the LAMP sensitivity up to 4 particles. The authors suggested that LAMP technique could be an appropriate replacement for PCR and may be useful in low resource or field settings where conventional DNA or RNA extraction prior.
Phenotypic, Physiological and Blood Profile Characterization of Muscovy Ducks (Cairina moschata) In North Central Nigeria
Authors: Foluke Eunice Sola-Ojo , Charles Adeola Adeniyi , Opeyemi Akinkunmi Yusuf , Abiola Great Joe-Alabi
Published: February 2022

Animal genetic resources (AnGR) are important to all future developments and adaptations. The concept has an international obligation to conserve certain characteristics of domestic animals for sustainable and future use. Characterization of indigenous Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) would provide information for AnGR and also aid in conservation of ducks for future use. Two hundred (200) Muscovy ducks obtained from five (5) geographical locations in North central Nigeria were characterised using qualitative traits, physiological parameters, blood profile and quantitative traits. The results showed that 52.50, 54.00, 51.50, 50.00, 45.00 and 35.50% of the Muscovy ducks in the study area had black colour with respect to their general body plumage, shank, bill, web, eye, and bean, respectively. 50.00% were of horizontal body carriage, 90.50% had palmate web type, and 95.00% had no crest while 62.50% had caruncles. Sexual dimorphism existed between male and female with drakes having significantly (p<0.05) higher values compared to ducks in all the quantitative traits measured. Physiological parameters were not significantly (p>0.05) different according to sex and origin of the Muscovy duck studied. Comparison of the ducks by origin showed significant (p>0.05) differences in body weight, shank diameter, keel and wing length, and also in white blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells and mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, platelets and glucose. The information obtained here can serve as a guide on decisions concerning the conservation and development of selective breeding strategies for improvement of Muscovy ducks in the studied area.
Phenotypic and morphometric diversity of Indigenous Turkey (Meleagris Gallopavo) from Wilaya of Tlemcen, Northwest of Algeria
Authors: Mediouni Mohammed Rida , Said Sara , Ameur Ameur Abdelkader , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil
Published: February 2022

In order to investigate the genetic and phenotypic variability of indigenous turkey in the North West of Algeria, a study was conducted around local poultry farms in the region of Tlemcen and performed on 78 Turkeys (27 males and 51 females) of adult age. Seventeen parameters were measured including 11 quantitative and 6 qualitative which are :body length (BL), wingspan (W), chest width (CW), chest size (CS), tarsal length (TL), thigh length (ThL), neck length (NL), spout length (SL), wing length (WL), width of the dewlap (WD), head length (HL). Taking in consideration plumage coloration, the following phenotypes were observed: Black (17%), White (65%), Red (18%). This work is considered as the first report about the phenotypic differentiation on indigenous turkey in Tlemcen. The measurements performed on these animals showed an important significant difference and a positive correlation between all the mentioned parameters thus the results of the hierarchical classification based on PCA shows three classes, where class 2 and class 3 were balanced with slight differences in (SL), (TL), (ThL), (CS), while class 1 showed remarkable differences which could be under implications of random selection and breeding programs
Seasonal fluctuation of birds in open landfill, Souk Ahras (Algeria)
Authors: Soualah Alila Hana , Difi Noura , Benhachiche Amina , Ponsero Alain
Published: February 2022

Landfills have the advantage of meeting the energy needs of the birds quickly. They offer easy access to food and widely available throughout the year. In this study, birds were counted using observation points on an open landfill in the restored of Souk-Ahras region (north-eastern Algeria) for one year from July 2013 to April 2014. Seventeen species (17) bird species belonging to eleven (11) families were found: Ciconidae, Corvidae, Accipitridae, Passeridae, Hirundinidae, Motacillidae, Columbidae, Ardeidae, Sturnidae, Laridae, and Pelecanidae, among them sedentary species, migratory, the visitors, and invasive species, which are exploiting the discharge for feeding or rest. Species richness and abundance in landfill site were found to be higher than that of naturel habitat around the site. Their abundance varied according to the seasons.landfill site support both common bird species as: Columba palumbus, Columba livia, Streptopelia decaoto, Ciconia ciconia, Corvus corax. In addition to that, rare bird species such as Pelecanus crispus. Ecology and dynamic of each species, during an annual cycle of bird’s populations allow us observing all the interactions and reactions between the individuals and the different populations of birds. Souk Ahras landfill is a resting place and a source of food for birds, which means that it needs a censuses urgency  update of migratory birds which frequent our region as well as monitor their state of health. It is also interesting to follow the process of colonization in urban Souk Ahras city.
Roles of animal trophies in museums on conservation practices: case study of Palace museums of the west region of Cameroon
Authors: Mfonden P.M.M , Meutchieye Félix
Published: February 2022

Palace museums harbour important animal remains (trophies), this is the case too with palace museums of the West region of Cameroon. Here we present a preliminary study into the animal-based collections of palace museums from a genetic conservation perspective. We surveyed 11 chiefdom palace museums in the West Region of Cameroon. We collected samples of these trophies. We extracted and purified DNA from these trophies using the DNeasy® Blood and Tissue Kit. Quantification and quality control were done using the agarose gel electrophoresis and spectrophotometric methods. From agarose gel electrophoresis, 64% of specimens have DNA that could be of good quality, 12% of specimens have contaminated DNA, while 12% of specimens have degraded DNA. Spectrophotometric determination reveals that 28% of the specimens has quantifiable DNA against 72% that was of poor DNA quantity. Specimens with good quality DNA could be used for further studies (for instance, DNA sequencing for wildlife traceability). In order to perpetuate the conservation role played by the tradition through museums, the administration has to regulate the acquisition and use of trophies in traditional and cultural events in the forest law actually under revision. Museums have to ensure compliance with the criteria of acquisition and management of wildlife trophies
Genetic evaluation of breeding program for body weight of indigenous chicken in Kenya
Authors: Khobondo Joel
Published: February 2022

The demand for poultry meat, particularly from indigenous chicken, is ever increasing. This need efficient production potential from the chicken. This paper simulated different scenarios of breeding program for indigenous chicken and compared the selection response with realized genetic gain after one generation of selection. A one stage discrete generation deterministic simulation approach using SelAction program was used. Two genetic parameters were employed. The phenotypic variances and heritability used were 25,000g and 0.25, 3040 and 0.51, respectively. For each case, 300 hens and 50 cocks were selected to produce the next generation. Each cock was mated to 6 hens and each hen produced 6 offspring. The best 50% and 20% of females and males, respectively, were selected for mating. The expected selection response was simulated as follows; a) own performance b) own performance, full sibs and half sibs and c) own performance with full sibs, half sibs and BLUP information sources. A sire model of BLUP was used for realized selection response. The predicted genetic gain for all simulated programs were much lower than realized response. This realized genetic gain could only be achieved by higher selection intensity on cocks, however this would increase the inbreeding rate above recommended level. The breeding program has shown potential for improvement and success in body weight at 12 weeks of age.
Chemical variability of Vicia L. seed oils: incidence on phylogenetic relationships
Authors: Bechkri Sakina , Benabdallah Amina , Yilmaz Mustafa Abdullah , Tarhan Abbas , Boutekrabt Benhadja Lynda , Khelifi Douadi
Published: February 2022

Legume seeds are known to be a source of protein, vitamins, essential organic minerals and fatty acids. Their high protein content makes them a valuable natural and inexpensive alternative to the soybean. Seeds fatty acids of genotypes belonging to nine Vicia L. taxa collected in Algeria were extracted by Soxhlet and their composition was determined by Gas Chromatography coupled with FIame Ionization Detection (GC-FID). In order to assess phylogenetic relationships between taxa on intra and interspecific levels, fatty acids profiles were used as a chemotaxonomic marker. Oil yields were between 0.67 and 2.40%. A total of 27 fatty acids were identified, varying from 9 to 20 compounds. The proportion of unsaturated fatty acids varies from 70.67 to 91.749% where the linloleic acid is predominant. While the saturated fatty acids content is between 8.60 and 29.33% with the predominance of palmitic acid. Our results demonstrate the quality of the genotypes, which contain fatty acids of great nutritional interests. Indeed, Omega 3- fatty acids, which rate can reach 12.187% in our taxa, are Poly UnSaturated Fatty Acids associated with many health benefits, such us cardiovascular ones. Indeed, the results demonstrate the nutritional quality of obtained oils and opens up perspectives to explore other compounds. Finally, the hierarchical classification revealed two major clusters where the taxonomic boundaries of the genus are well defined at subgeneric and sectional levels. It is also an important step to suggest the species as a new industrial crop for the animal feed and production of proteins and oils widely used in food industries
Study of the bio-insecticidal power of Pistacia lentiscus and Pisatcia atlantica from Tlemcen region
Authors: Bereksi Reguig Meryem , Abdelli Imen , Hassani Faiçal , Bekkal Brikci Sohayb
Published: February 2022

The Mediterranean basin has significant natural resources including a proven diversity of flora. The Anacardiaceae family has around 800 tropical and subtropical species, with some representatives around the Mediterranean. Most of the plants of this family are non- toxic plant. They even have many properties. Our work consists to study the bio-insecticidal power of essential oils of Pistacia lentiscus and Pistacia atlantica of the Anacardiaceae family in the Tlemcen region by molecular modeling methods to inhibition of the enzyme α-amylase which is a digestive enzyme of Dociostaurus maroccanus using phenolics compounds derived from essentiels oil of aromatic plants: Elemol; Spathulenol; Myrcene; Beta- myrcene; Terpinen-4-ol; Bornyl acetate. Elemol give the best docking score, its interactions with α-amylase has the lowest energy score compared to the other complexes.
Alpha-amylase inhibitory activity and antioxidant effect of Olea var. europaea sylvestris leaves extracts.
Authors: Mezouar Dounia , Azzi Rachid , Abbou Fayza , Mouderas Faïza , AISSAOUI Mohammed , Boucif Lahfa Farid
Published: February 2022

Evaluation of medicinal plants for their antidiabetic activities has increased considerably around the world as well as in Algeria. Olea europaea var. sylvestris, commonly called Ezzeboudj, is traditionally used by Tlemcen population in Algeria, for treating diabetes mellitus. In this work, we studied the antioxidant activity of wild olive leaves crude extracts, by free radical DPPH scavenging method and iron reduction FRAP. On the other hand, evaluation of the ability of the extracts to inhibit α-amylase activity. The qualitative phytochemical screening carried out on O. europaea var. sylvestris leaves extracts showed the presence of tannins, sterols and triterpenes, saponins, flavonoids and terpenoids. A quantitative analysis of the crude extracts showed significant levels of total polyphenols and flavonoids in hydroacetonic extract, with an amount of 228,45 ± 0,03 mg GAE /g and 204,8 ± 0,04 mg CE /g, respectively. The results obtained from the antioxidant activity showed a high scavenging activity for hydroacetonic extract with an IC50 of 7,95 ± 0,16 µg/ml. In vitro tests carried out on the inhibitory of α-amylase activity, revealed an inhibitory effects, specifically with hydromethanolic extract in a concetration-dependent manner, with an IC50 value of 0,91 ± 0,02 mg/ml. These findings reveals that O. europaea var. sylvestris leaves could represent an interesting source of antioxidants and allow to the development of new antidiabetic agents.
Floristic diversity and Ecology of EpilithicDiatoms of the ChottChergui wetland (North-West of Algeria)
Authors: Negadi Mohamed , Hammou Mohamed Ait , Miara Mohamed Djamel, , Bendif Hamid , Blake Petulia
Published: February 2022

This study is a phytoecological approach aimed to improve the knowledge on diatoms and their ecology in the wetland of ChottChergui in the northwesternregionof Algeria.For this work, 60 samples of solid substrates containing the epilithic diatom flora were collected in the field using a subjective method. The identification of diatom taxa was carried out according to a standard protocol while using pertinentliteraturethat specialized guides. At the level of the 5 sampling sites, water physicochemical parameters that could influence the distribution of diatoms were measured. The results obtained made it possible to recognize 36 diatom taxa belonging to 12 families, of which, the most dominant were Naviculaceae, Surirellaceae and Bacillariaceae. The calculated biodiversity indices (Shannon’s H and equitability revealed a low taxonomic richness which will probably be explained by the dominance of the typical brackish water taxa such as Mastogloiabraunii, Campylodiscusclypeus ,and Navicymbulapusilla. We were also able to characterize the distribution of identified taxa according to the physicochemical parameters of each site. Furthermore, the attraction of the diatomic communities to saprobia shows the predominance of the two classes: α-mesosaprobic and β-mesosaprobe during the two seasons of fall and spring. Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the distribution of diatom communities is positively correlated with conductivity and temperature. Some species like Navicymbulapusilla, show a significant resistance to anthropogenic eutrophication.
Segregation of Genes Controlling Seed Coat Color in Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata [L] Walp)
Authors: Oladejo Atanda , Bolaji Abolade , Okuniyi Ezekiel , Gidado Rose
Published: February 2022

Cowpea coat color is a consumer-related trait that determines consumer preference and acceptability of the commodity in the market. Understanding the mode of inheritance of seed coat color will assist in choosing appropriate breeding technique in developing desirable cowpea varieties. This study was conducted to confirm the specific mode of inheritance of seed coat color in cowpea. Three bi-parental crosses using five different varieties of cowpea with contrasting seed coat colors were carried out to obtain F1 seeds at the Greenhouse, Faculty of Agriculture, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile – Ife, Nigeria. The F1s were advanced to obtain F2 segregating populations which were evaluated by visual observation and the seeds were categorized into different distinct groups. The observed seeds of the F2 population of all the three crosses deviated extremely from Mendelian monogenic inheritance ratio in different degrees. TVu4669 × TVu43 segregated into two color groups resulting in brown mottled (15.4 %) and black mottled (84.6 %). Ife Brown  × TVnu699 segregated transgressively into five distinct groups of colors giving rise to brown (51.4%), black (23.7%), grey (14.8%), red (5.3%) and speckled (4.8% ); while Ife Brown × TVu2723 segregated into three color groups involving mottled black (4.3%), black (85.1%) and speckle (10.6%) coat colors. It could be inferred that more than one gene controls the inheritance of the seed coat color in cowpea, which implies that the trait is polygenic. It is recommended that molecular genetics’ techniques be explored in order to have better understanding of the mode of inheritance of seed coat color in cowpea.
Multivariate Analysis of Four Strains of Broiler Chickens at Four Weeks of Age
Authors: Ibiwoye Demilade , Sola-Ojo Foluke
Published: February 2022

Eight hundred broiler chickens of four different strains (200 each of Arbor Acre, Hubbard, Marshall and Ross 308) were used to investigate the variations between four strains of broiler chickens commonly reared in North central Nigeria  using their  body weight and some morphometric body parameters.  At four weeks of age, body weight and some morphometric body parameters such as body length, keel length, shank length, body height, drumstick length, thigh length, wing length, shank circumference, comb length, body girth, neck length and beak length were appropriately measured. Data obtained were used for principal component, stepwise discriminant and cluster analyses mainly to identify the traits that could best describe the broiler body conformation. Four (4) principal components were extracted in Arbor Acre broiler strains; this explained 56.68% of the total variation in the parameters sampled across the strains. Six (6) principal components (PC) were extracted for Hubbard and Ross strains, while three (3) principal components were extracted for Marshall and these explained 59.46%, in Hubbard, 58.67% in Ross and 55.52% of the total variance, respectively. The result also showed that PC1 had the largest share of the total variance which was highly significant in the studied morphometric traits and discriminate each of the strain studied. Canonical discriminant functions showed a distinct Hubbard under function1 and a distinct Marshall under function 2. Standardized canonical discriminant analysis indicated that wing length and body girth had highest value for discriminating under function1 and 2, respectively. This study indicates that available strains of broiler chickens can be distinguished through the use of some multivariate analysis.
Smallholder Duck Farmers’ Breeding Practices and Trait Preferences in Nasarawa State, Nigeria
Authors: Yakubu Abdulmojeed , Moses Hanatu
Published: February 2022

Duck keeping is a very important sector in resource-constrained families as it provides for family proteins and income and other social needs. The present study was carried out to determine the influence of gender on livestock breeding practices of duck farmers in Nasarawa State, Nigeria. A total of 100 duck keepers (36 males and 64 females) were randomly sampled. Primary data were collected through individual structured questionnaire administration. Chi-square (χ2) statistics were used to compare categorical variables based on gender. Arithmetic means of continuous variables between gender were tested using the T-Test. Rank means were also calculated for between-gender comparisons of the continuous variables. On the choice of traits of preference (body size, body conformation, mothering ability, survival, heat tolerance, disease resistance, birth interval, plumage color, fertility, hatchability, egg number and size, meat taste, ease of sale, and cultural significance) for breeding, the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test followed by Mann–Whitney U tests (P ≤ 0.05) was used for comparison between gender. Age of respondents, household size, and personal savings were significantly (P<0.05) higher among the male than female farmers. Flock size was also higher (40.33±7.06 vs. 22.70±2.55; P<0.05) in farms owned by males compared to their female counterparts. However, both sexes ranked income, meat, egg, and cultural/religious significance the same as reasons for keeping ducks. The number of foundation stock and feed quantity per day (kg) were higher (P<0.05) in male flocks. Productivity measure in terms of the number of death of ducks was significantly (P<0.05) in the direction of male farmers (0.03±0.03 vs. 0.23±0.08). The ranking of the traits preferred in the choice of breeding stock of ducks was the same for both sexes  except for cultural/religious significance which the female farmers rated lower (1.14 vs. 1.56; P=0.030). Breeding programs and development interventions targeting the improvement of indigenous ducks should focus on gender equality to boost production and stimulate sustainability.
Multivariate analysis of local pig populations in the rural areas of High-Katanga province, DR Congo
Authors: Bilolwa B P , Dongmo D F , Ntemunyi C N , Mwangomb K D , Tshishi K M , Tshibangu M I , Kampemba M F
Published: February 2022

Morpho-biometric characteristics of 342 local pigs from the rural areas of Kasenga and Kambove in Haut-Katanga province were studied with the objective to analyzing genetic variability, determining population structure, establishing phylogenetic relationships between the pig populations studied and identifying probable genetic types. The data collected were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), hierarchical clustering (HCA) and discriminant factor analysis (DFA). The main results showed that the first two principal components (F1 and F2) explained more than 61.5% of the total phenotypic variability observed in the pig population studied. The highly correlated variables are height at withers, shoulder length, body length, head length, hip width, pelvis length, neck circumference, muzzle length, tail length, hind leg length, hock length, foreleg length. The F1 axis is clearly related to height at withers, body length, shoulder length, and neck circumference, while F2 is mainly related to weight and foreleg length. Height at withers, shoulder length and body length seem to be the most discriminating variables. The study population would consist of three genetic types, which can be grouped into two subgroups based on intra/inter population variation and genetic distances. The quantitative parameters studied, and sex are the variables that best characterize the pig populations (p<0.05). The local pig is therefore an animal genetic resource with high breeding potential due to its biodiversity.
A study of genetic variants of SARS-CoV-2 using bioinformatics tools
Authors: Derouiche Louiza , Benzayed Yasmine , Belmihoub Maroua , Derouiche Fatma
Published: February 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, that is commonly known as SARS-CoV-2, appeared for the first time in December 2019 in the City of Wuhan (China) and has since affected most countries around the world, hence becoming a major global threat to all humans. The present study was carried out for the purpose of better understanding the molecular structure of this virus. It is based on the inventory and processing of all DNA sequences that have been published to date on the general biological data storage bank GenBank. In order to carry out this study, it was deemed necessary to use various bioinformatics tools such as MEGA 11 software for building the phylogenetic trees, DnaSP 6 for identifying haplotypes, NetWork 10 for determining phylogenetic networks, and DAMBE 7 to perform statistical analyses which were then supplemented by the new DnBA program that was developed in the present work. These analyses allowed us to classify the 11 SARS-CoV-2 genes under study into 3three categories; first, the most variable genes, such as ORF1ab, ORF3a, N, and S, next, the less variable genes, such as ORF8, ORF10, ORF7a, and ORF7b, and then the unvaried genes, such as ORF6, E, and  M.
Characterization of the fineness of she-camel’s wool in the Wilaya of Nâama and El Bayadh
Authors: Dich Ibtissam , Abdelbari Hanaa , Fardeheb Linda , Dich Samira , Gaouar Semir Bechir Suheil
Published: February 2022

To further understand productive characteristics and explore economically valuable signs of the wool’s camels in Algeria, we studied the wool’s fineness of a population of 27 adults female camels. The studied breeds are Ouled sidi cheikh, Targui and Reguibi at the level of the Wilaya of El Bayadh in El Keither commune and the Wilaya of Naama in Naama commune. We took wool samples from different parts of the she-camel’s body: the head, the hump and the tail. The measurement of each wool fiber have been done with a binocular loupe glass equipped with an acquisition software, the collected data have been then analyzed using Rstudio software. The results showed how the diameter of the studied she-camels can vary according to different breeds going from super fine for Ouled sidi cheikh and Reguibi she-camels (9.03-11.7 µm and 9.5-10.2 µm, respectively) to fine for Targui she-camels (21-22.8 µm). This study can suggest the application of Ouled sidi cheikh and Reguibi’s wool in the textile industries for the production of sweaters and baby clothes, and the application oh Targui’s wool in shawls and rugs
Scandinavian Legal Realism in Two Criminal Convictions of The Same Thing
Authors: Munawaroh Siti , Mulyati Sri , Suhendri Suhendri
Published: February 2022

Human life is regulated and will never be separated from the provisions of binding regulations. Binding rules or norms in human life have the purpose of creating order, justice, and public welfare. The paradigm of legal positivism has always relied on the logic and validation of the ruler which makes people think that the ruler is the only law. This is strongly criticized by legal realists. The interesting thing about legal realism is the view that law must depart from the study of facts. American legal realism states that a judge decides something based on his personal preferences, and then makes a legal analysis to justify the expected outcome. This is different from legal realism in Scandinavia, which is based on logical positivism that developed in the modern era. Legal realism in Scandinavia intends to make legal science more scientific. Criticisms of legal realism include: legal realism presents the law only as a tool for resolving disputes on a case by case basis, there is no need for legal certainty because the approach is very casuistic so that judge’s understanding of cases can vary widely. Using legal studies approach, be expected that it can provide an overview of the problems that occur related to Scandinavian Legal Realism in the adultery case of SS with minors which is contrary to The Law of Number 35 of 2014 concerning Child Protection in conjunction with Article 65 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code. The judge's authority over the case is to give a verdict related to the SS case in accordance with positive law, the facts that actually happened, and the truth of the case that has been observed by the people involved and legal experts with the aim of maintaining order and protecting the community so that they always do the right thing.
Misogyy As Violence In Gender Perspective
Authors: Arsawati Ni Nyoman Juwita , Bunga Dewi
Published: February 2022

Misogyny is the behavior of someone hating women, both from men and fellow women. This behavior often places and views women as the cause of blame in a problem, even for something that is not really a problem. Misogyny causes a person tends to hate, look down on, blame, label and discriminate against women. This behavior is often associated with male privilege, patriarchal customs, and gender discrimination. In practice, this behavior will place men in a superior position, while women in an inferior position. In certain cases, misogynism can even increase the risk of physical, psychological and sexual harassment of women. There are two problems discussed in this study: 1) misogyny in the perspective of gender-based violence and 2) the relationship between misogyny and violence against women. This research is normative juridical research supported by empirical data on gender-based violence against women. Primary and secondary legal materials were collected through literature study. The research approach used is the statutory regulation, the legal concept, and the legal argumentation approach. Analysis of the collected data was carried out qualitatively.
Sensitivity of Parameters in the Approach of Linear Programming to a Transportation Problem
Authors: Latunde Tolulope , Oluwaseun Richard Joseph , Esan Opeyemi Odunayo , Dare Damilola Deborah
Published: February 2022

Linear programming has served as a great tool in dealing with transportation problems to make a positive difference in economic and social activity. In this work, data of the National Union Of Road Transport Workers (NURTW) is analysed to minimizing the cost of maintenance and repair of buses taking the route from Sango park to different routes. Data collected from the park are represented using tables and solved using the Maple computer software application. The transportation problem is solved such that the transportation cost is minimized which leads to the profit being maximized. This is achieved by estimating the values of some identified parameters in the problem. This work will be beneficial to every other motor parks controllers to decide on some decision making that may bring to the union profit. This work will help the NURTW in Sango to spend less on the vehicles and save more as income.
On the Investment Strategy, Effect of Inflation and Impact of Hedging on Pension Wealth during Accumulation and Distribution Phases
Authors: Osu Bright O. , K. N. C. Njoku  , B. I. Oruh
Published: February 2022

This paper studies the various results obtained in literature on the investment strategy, the effect of inflation and impact ofh edging on the Pension Wealth generation. The explicit solution of the constant relative risk aversion (CRRA) and constant absolute risk aversion (CARA) utility functions are obtained, both in the accumulation and distribution phase, using Legendre transform, dual theory, and change of variable techniques. It is established herein that the elastic parameter (beta) is not equal to one (beta neq 1), based on the assumption of our model. Theorems are constructed and proved on the various wealth investment strategies. Observations and significant results are made and obtained, respectively in the comparison of our various utility functions and some previous results in literature. Sensitivity analysis and Simulations on the various utility functions and optimal strategies during the accumulation and distribution phase are presented; when the existence of a elastic parameter that is not equal to one, when there is existence of modifying factors, when there is need for diversification of investment, when there is no significant effect of the choice of risk aversion strategy on investment returns during inflation period, when there is hedging ability of Inflation indexed Bond and Inflation-linked Stock and when there is insignificant effect of the orthogonal relationship between stock and time and nonpayment of pension benefits on the satisfaction of the investors.
Discharge Measurement for a Part of Lesser Zab River by Using Georadar and Current Meter at Klesa of Erbil, NE Iraq
Authors: Bapeer Galawezh , Bakir Hawkar B. , Dawood Anwer , Al- Ansari Nadhir , Ghafur Bahra D.
Published: February 2022

A Ground Penetrating Radar for bathymetry and water current velocity was used to estimate the discharge value of Lesser Zab River at Klesa station with coordinates (35º 53’ 08.21′′ N, 44º 35′ 35.90′′ E). Two traverses were taken across the river which represented two sites in Klesa area which were (A-B) traverse with the coordinates (N 3970652 and E 491898), and (C-D) traverse with the coordinates (N 3972195 and E 487681). Measuring water flow rate by velocity area method was done by Mid-section method, to confirm the validity of the data; two sections were conducted for each of the two traverses to deduce two radargrams along the profiles (A-B) and (D-C). The radargrams drew by using sophisticated software and were very helpful in detecting the river floor topography and depth variation along both profiles, the distance between the two sites was 5 km. The results indicate that the maximum width of the river at stations is 36.5m and the maximum water depth of Lesser Zab River is 4.75m, maximum velocity is 1.88 m/s. The water flow rate deviates from 136.737m3/s to 147.23m3/s. The average discharge for Lesser Zab river = 141.983 m3/s. This discharge is under normal average because the data was taken in November 2019. Because of the mild weather and the lack of electricity consumption, so using these results in water resource management and planning for satisfying domestic consumption, irrigation, industrial consumption, …etc. in the Klesa area, will be economically beneficial for the water management policy of the country.
How Muslims-Christians-Jews Relations in the Qur’an? (Critical Interpretation of Q. al-Baqarah/2:120 Using Maʻnā-cum-Magzā Approach)
Authors: Amir Abdul Muiz
Published: February 2022

This article seeks to interpret Q. al-Baqarah/2:120 that is consistently referred by textual-literalism groups of Muslims as preserved in classical commentaries books. Their understanding raises hatred towards the Jews and the Christians, which eventually leads to intolerance acts. The question to be answered by this article is how the maʻnā-cum-magzā approach could become an alternative method in understanding the verse, so it promotes an inclusive attitude towards the Jews and the Christians? This qualita-tive study works under the deconstructivism paradigm. The result of the study shows that the classical understanding of Q. 2:120 leads to theologically normative discourse, from which the legitimation of eternal and universal hatred against the Jews and the Christians finds its base. The maʻnā-cum-magzā approach, on the other hand, suggests that the verse should be situated in its specific socio-political context. Therefore, the Jews and the Christians mentioned by the verse refer specifically to the Jews of Medina and the Christians of Najran for their abuse of religion as the source of legitimacy for their political hegemony. The academic contribution of this study is, therefore, to pro-duce an alternative interpretation that distances the verse from the justification for hatred based on religious credentials.
Sufism in Malaysia and its impact on the revival of the Islamic Dawah
Authors: Imam Amr Mohamed Sayed , Sakr Mohamed Ebrahim El-Sherbiny
Published: February 2022

There is no doubt that the science of Sufism became an essential part of our Islamic heritage, although it was not popularized as a term and concept until the third century AH.The science of Sufism focused on the spiritual aspect of the heart. The purification of the soul and the soul is the basis of the science of Sufism. Therefore, this aspect had a great impact on Islamic societies, especially Malaysian society. Who was affected by some mystical manifestations, such as wirds and remembrances, and other Islamic rituals, and passed on from generation to generation, and the persistence of it had an effect on the survival of Islam on the souls of the youth and the young, men and women, and it also had an evident effect on non-Muslims, who are many. They are destined to live among Muslims.Therefore, the primary objective of this study was: An observation of some Sufi manifestations that had a good effect in Malaysian society, and the preservation of these aspects that are the piety of hearts, as well as the rooting of these manifestations from the legal point of view and responding to the suspicions that were raised about them.
ANALISIS KETERLIBATAN MANAJER PROYEK DALAM PERENCANAAN PELAKSANAAN PROYEK DILIHAT DARI BIDANG PENGETAHUAN PROJECT MANAGEMENT BODY OF KNOWLEDGE (PMBOK)
Authors: Alfandi Brian
Published: February 2022

Perencanaan yang salah adalah alasan utama kegagalan proyek, sedangkan perencanaan yang baik dapat meningkatkan kemungkinan keberhasilan proyek. Untuk itu, kami harus mengidentifikasi keterlibatan manajer proyek dalam perencanaan konstruksi melalui intensitas usahanya dari bidang PMBOK. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada manajer proyek di perusahaan kontraktor dengan pengalaman konstruksi selama tahun 1997 sampai 2003, ditabulasi dengan software SPSS versi 11 dengan hasil berupa analisis korelasi, korelasi antar, analisis faktor, regresi, model serta validasi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah variabel keterlibatan manajer proyek dalam perencanaan konstruksi dari bidang pengetahuan PMBOK yang memberikan kontribusi besar dalam kinerja biaya proyek seperti Project Scope Planning, Cost Estimating, dan source selection, sedangkan dalam kinerja waktu proyek seperti project execution plan dan activity duration estimating, dan korelasi variabel keterlibatan manajer proyek dalam perencanaan konstruksi dari bidang pengetahuan PMBOK adalah Linnear Regression.