bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Urethral diverticulum and periurethral cyst: symptoms, diagnostics, treatment and outcome.
Authors: Topp Monica Wedell , Sander Pia
Published: December 2022

Objectives. In order to contribute to better diagnostic and treatment, we compared the symptomatology, diagnostics, treatment and outcome in women with a urethral diverticulum or a periurethral cyst.
Methods. We performed a retrospective extraction of data from medical records including 70 women with a urethral diverticulum or a periurethral cyst, operated at our department from January 2010 until December 2013. Fischer’s exact test and t-test were used for statistical analyses.
Results. In total, 31 women were diagnosed with a diverticulum and 39 with a periurethral cyst.  Women with a diverticulum had significantly more often voiding pain (45 % vs 8 %, p=0.001), urethral/vaginal pain (45% vs 15 %, p=0.01), recurrent urinary tract infection (23 % vs. 5 %, p=0.01), urinary incontinence (45 % vs. 21 %, p=0.04), and urethral discharge (39 % vs. 15 %, p=0.03) compared to women with a periurethral cyst. The only symptom less frequent in the diverticulum group was a bulky feeling (42 % vs. 74 %, p=0.01). In the diverticulum group, 87% had resections and 13% marsupialization, while in the cyst group 59 % had resections and 41 % marsupialization (p=0.02). In the diverticulum group four (13%) experienced recurrence compared to none in the cyst group (p=0.03). Furthermore, one patient referred as a diverticulum had urethral cancer.  
Conclusions. Urethral diverticula and periurethral cysts should be considered in women with lower urinary tract symptoms and pain. Urethral diverticula are more complicated to diagnose and to treat.
Tweetable abstract:
Urethral diverticula and periurethral cysts should be considered in women with lower urinary tract symptoms and pain
La salud móvil al servicio de las comunidades indígenas durante la pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Dzul-Rosado Karla R. , Arroyo-Solís Karla A. , Ríos-Martínez Jorge A. , Oliva-Peña Yolanda , Marin-Cárdenas Alina , Pech-George Ricardo E. , Viana-Dzul Miguel A. , Arias-León Juan J. , Puerto-Manzano Fernando I.
Published: December 2022

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La semilla del árbol Ramón (Brosimum alicastrum Swartz): alternativa alimentaria energética para animales de producción y seres humanos
Authors: Sarmiento-Franco Luis , Montfort-Grajales Sofia , Sandoval-Castro Carlos
Published: December 2022

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El género Rickettsia y reportes de infección en perros de Yucatán.
Authors: Arroyo-Ramírez Abigaíl , Lugo-Caballero César , Bolio-González Manuel , Rodríguez-Vivas Roger Iván , Reyes Novelo Enrique , Panti-May Jesús Alonso , Torres-Castro Marco
Published: December 2022

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Amblyomma dissimile (Acari: Ixodidae): Garrapata de anfibios y reptiles
Authors: Rodriguez-Vivas Roger Ivan , Ojeda-Chi Melina Maribel , Torres-Castro Marco Antonio , Sánchez-Montes Sokani , Panti-May Alonso , Reyes-Novelo Enrique
Published: December 2022

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Cuidados al paciente hospitalizado por COVID-19 en Mérida, Yucatán, México: lecciones aprendidas del personal de enfermería en terapia intensiva
Authors: Madera Poot Genny Josefina , Rosado Alcocer Ligia María , May Euán José Fernando , Puch Ku Eloísa Beatriz , Gil Contreras José Andrés
Published: December 2022

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Infección con SARS-CoV-2 en roedores y su implicación en la transmisión hacia el ser humano
Authors: Panti-May Jesús Alonso , Torres-Castro Marco , Rodríguez-Vivas Roger , Ruiz-Piña Hugo , Concha-Guillermo Henry
Published: December 2022

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Sensitivity Analysis Among Commodities and Coupons During Utility Maximization
Authors: Mohajan Devajit , Mohajan Haradhan Kumar
Published: December 2022

In mathematical economics utility is the vital concept. In the society utility is considered as the tendency of an object or action that increases or decreases overall happiness. This study tries to discuss sensitivity analysis during utility maximization investigation. Actually, the method of Lagrange multipliers is a very useful and powerful technique in multivariable calculus. In this paper mathematical formulation of Lagrange multipliers is derived through the optimal devise. This article has taken attempts to find relations among commodities and coupons when the prices of different commodities increase or decrease.
Education Financing During and Immediately After an Emergency: A Case of Effects of COVID-19 on the Financial Management of Private Secondary Schools in Uganda
Authors: Namusisi Dorothy , Buluma Alfred
Published: December 2022

Although school governing bodies are responsible for raising funds, their ability of fundraising is limited by the set laws or rules in the country, irrespective of the origin of the funds or assets in question. These laws have a big impact on the funding structure and management by private schools. In 2020, schools were closed for more than 7 months because of COVID-19 pandemics. This left many school proprietors bankrupt and it became difficult for them to solicit for the funds to run their schools. Using a qualitative research approach, the purpose of this research was to find out the effects of COVID-19 lockdown of education institutions on the financial management of private schools in Uganda. The study was guided by the following objectives: To determine how the school budget was affected by COVID-19, to examine the plans put into place to balance the budget, and to identify parents’ reactions on the request to continue paying school fees during the lockdown. The findings showed that COVID-19 brought an impact on school budget like reduced income due to re-opening in phases, high operating costs (COVID response equipment, utility costs, office supplies, among others), failure to pay school fees, as well as high bank interest rates on loans taken prior to the COVID-19 era. The study further revealed the different plans the school put into place to balance the budget like to prioritize spending, from support activities (alumni associations, school dinners), support from Board of governors, school extra activities (poultry and agriculture farms). Lastly, the findings revealed the different reactions by parents when told to continue paying school fees during and after the lockdown; whereas some easily accepted to pay because it was their obligation, majority had mixed feelings and almost refused since at the time of school closure, they had just paid. The following recommendations were made; the school administrators should encourage parents to pay school fees, the government should help schools financially, and the school governing bodies should support the schools they lead.
The Influence of Institutions on E-Cigarette Retailers—A Intrinsic Case Study in E-Cig Industry
Authors: Li Wen
Published: December 2022

This qualitative research explored the current E-cig institutions in China and how E-cig retail owners perceived the E-cig related regulation under the theory foundation of institutional theory. An intrinsic case method applied in this study. Template analysis used to analyze the information of documents and interviews. In summary, the E-cig institutions have positive and negative effects on in both E-cig retail shops and E-cig industry. The study will contribute to the intuitional theory research in qualitative way and have practical meaning for E-cig retailers to identify and evaluate the institutional environment.
Reinterpretation on Wang Guowei’s Youmei and Hongzhuang
Authors: He Xiang
Published: December 2022

In Wang Guowei’s famous poetics work, Ren Jian Ci Hua (人间词话) (1908), he distinguished two categories of Chinese classical aesthetics—youmei (优美), or the beautiful, and hongzhuang (宏壮), or the magnificent, which appeared in the fourth paragraph that Wuwozhijing (无我之境) (worlds without I) can be obtained in the tranquility of nature. Generally regarded as the last master of Chinese Classical Poetics, Wang Guowei had tried to take Chinese traditional poetics discourse and to combine it with the connotation of Western aesthetic theory, rather than simply using Western classical poetics theory to interpret and judge Chinese classical literature or theories.
The Influence of Media on Protecting Endangered Animals: A Case of Pandas in China
Authors: Qian Yuyue
Published: December 2022

This paper analyzes whether endangered animals can be protected through social media, and what factors influence people’s attention to endangered animal protection on social media. To answer these two questions, I compared the Baidu search index of giant pandas in the three-year period: 2019-2021 with the number of donations received by the Chengdu Giant Panda Breeding Research Foundation. The results showed that social media has effectively protected the giant pandas. I use retrospective content analysis to find 20 Weibo accounts by setting keywords and analyze Engagement metrics. It was found that “Specific animal” and “Knowledge-based” tend to increase the number of likes and comments, which can increase people’s attention to endangered animals on social media. However, the sample data for both studies were too small and may be disturbed the result. From a rigorous perspective, this study emphasizes the need to take into account the larger sample data and analyze the content of comments to better understand the user’s behavior intention.
Meteors and Meteorite Falls in Morocco
Authors: Ibhi Abderrahmane
Published: December 2022

During the last eighty years, thirteen meteorite falls were recorded in Morocco, which ten are well documented and named Douar Mghila, Oued el Hadjar, Itqiy, Zag, Bensour, Oum Dreyga, Benguerir, Tamdakht, Tissint and Aoussred. It represent only 0.011% of the Moroccan declared meteorites.The authenticated observed falls represent three types of different meteorites, eight ordinary chondrites (Four of type LL, three of type H and one of type EH), one carbonaceous chondrite and one Shergottite basaltic achondrites. The Morocco meteorite fall recovery rate, during the past eighty years, is low 0.11 falls per year on average per 2.11 km2 (or approximately one fall recovery per 10 year time interval).
Synthesis, Characterization and Study of Thermally Stable Fluorescent Polyesters
Authors: Vasava Dilipkumar V. , Patel Saurabh K.
Published: December 2022

Abstract: Numerous polyesters containing heterocyclic ring have been synthesized by the polycondensation method. Ten Polyesters were synthesised having different aliphatic-aromatic diols in the chain having s-triazine ring as main moiety. The polyesters were synthesized by polycondensation of 6-(N-Piperidinyl)-2,4-bis-(7-Hydroxy-Coumarin-3-carbonyl Chloride)-1,3,5-triazine [PCTC] with aliphatic and aromatic diols. Dark brown, light brown, golden and maroon colour showed by novel synthesized polyesters. The solubility of synthesized polyesters was observed in different solvents. The viscosity was studied for all the polyesters. This polyester showed inherent viscosity ranging from 0.402- 0.709 dlg-1in DMF at 25°C. The synthesized polyesters were characterized by 1H-NMR, FT-IR, fluorescence spectra. Fluorescent polymers are macromolecules with enormous important applications. The measured data indicates the synthesized aliphatic-aromatic fluorescent polyesters, focussing on synthetic methods, properties and applications. Due to their unique mechanical property and workability, their emerging applications involve the fields of fluorescent probe, smart polymer machines, chemo sensors, biological imaging, PH/temperature sensor, drug delivery and in many fields. Moreover high quality fluorescent polymers give widespread application in advanced bio imaging, ultrasensitive molecular diagnosis, and novel light emitting nano devices.
Adequate Theory of Oscillator: A Prelude to Verification of Classical Mechanics Part 2
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

In the paper, the adequate theory of oscillator is presented, being a sort of prelude to verification of the classical theory of mechanics. In the first part of the paper the principle of energy conservation was considered. This second part of the paper is to present the energetic aspects of oscillator motion. Here also an exemplary real system corresponding with the existent differential equation of oscillator is given. They are to develop the kinetics of a body in the harmonic motion, to be presented in the next Part of the work.
Pollution Scenario due to Discharge of Effluent from Agrochemicals and Pesticides Manufacturing Industries of Dombivali Industrial Belt of Mumbai, India
Authors: Singare P.U. , Dhabarde S.S.
Published: December 2022

The paper deals with monitoring of pollution arising due to agrochemicals and pesticides manufacturing industries located along the Dombivali industrial belt of Mumbai, India. The study was carried for the period of one year from June, 2012 to May, 2013 to study the level of toxic heavy metals and the physico-chemical properties of waste water effluents discharged from the above industries. The average concentration of Cu, Ni, Cr, Pb and Zn was found to be maximum of 29.86, 0.90, 1.16 and 1.19 ppm respectively in summer season, while average Fe concentration was maximum of 51.10 ppm in winter season. The average pH value of the effluent was found to be maximum of 12.95 in summer season, while average conductivity value was maximum of 21085 µmhos/cm in rainy season. The majority of physco-chemical parameters like alkalinity, hardness, salinity, chloride, cyanide, phosphate, total solid, BOD and COD content were found to be maximum in summer season having the average values of 1918, 186, 4, 11.20, 0.07, 81, 6391, 685 and 2556 ppm respectively. The average DO content was found to be low of 4.5 ppm in winter season. It was observed that the concentration level of majority of the toxic heavy metals and physico-chemical properties were above the tolerable limit set for inland surface water. The results of present study indicates that the existing situation if mishandled can cause irreparable ecological harm in the long term well masked by short term economic prosperity due to extensive industrial growth
Analytical Dependence of Substance Solubility Measure on Temperature
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

The work covers an adequate analytical dependence of solubility measure of the chemical substances on the water/aqueous solution temperature. The solubility was defined and new, more readable solubility measure was introduced; the coefficient of solubility has been proposed instead. Then the source differential equation was introduced as the basis for the derivation of a final analytical form of dependence of the solubility coefficient on temperature. That characteristics has been developed by determining the dependence of the solubility coefficient variability intensity on temperature. An example of the use of presented theory has been delivered by referring it to the phenomenon of dissolution of AgNO3 silver nitrate in the aqueous environment. In the summary, quite a developed use of the source differential equation has been underlined with some more examples revealed.
Genesis of the Planet Earth
Authors: Orlov Sergey
Published: December 2022

This article is based on the theory of vortex gravitation and physical abnormalities of the Earth - slowing its rotation. Defined orbital acceleration, weight, approach to the Sun and the age of our planet. Offered to justify the creation of planetary material in the center of the Earth torsion, and not as the accumulation of cosmic dust and meteorites from outer space.
On a Method to Employ Newton’s Rings Concept to Determine Thickness of Thin Films
Authors: Raveesha K.H. , Doddamani Vijaykumar H. , Prasad B.K.
Published: December 2022

Newton’s Rings experiment is traditionally utilized to find radius curvature of a lens. We propose a method in which this same set up can be used to find the thickness of thin films. The working principle is interference. It is based on the fact that, the formation of bright and dark interference fringes is a measure of the thickness of the air film at that point. We present the experimental data. The results from the experiment are in agreement with results obtained through geometry. Further, a method to improvise conventional interference at air wedge experiment which is generally used to determine the thickness of thin films is suggested.
Review on Progress and Challenges of the Power Generation Systems at Micro-Scales
Authors: Chen Jun Jie , Xu De Guang
Published: December 2022

The miniaturization of electro-mechanical devices, and the resulting need for micro-power generation (milliwatts to watts) with low weight, long life devices, has led to the recent development of the field of micro-scale combustion and power generation. The primary objective of this new field is to leverage the high energy density of fuels, specifically liquid hydrocarbon fuels relative to batteries and all other energy storage devices other than nuclear fission, fusion or decay. Some brief scaling arguments are given in this work, and more detailed efforts are referred. A brief introduction to several of the fabrication techniques is presented in this work. Hydrogen-based and some preliminary specialty fuel micro-fuel cells have been successfully developed, and there is a need to develop reliable reformers (or direct conversion fuel cells) for liquid hydrocarbons so that the fuel cells become competitive with the batteries. In this work, the technological issues related to micro-scale combustion and the development of thermochemical devices for power generation will be discussed. Some of the systems currently being developed will be presented, ongoing critical study issues under investigation, and other potential areas of development discussed. Comments regarding the opportunities and limitations of each of the techniques are also presented where applicable.
Biosynthesis and Characterization of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Using Pithecellobium Dulce and Lagenaria Siceraria Aqueous Leaf Extract and Screening their Free Radical Scavenging and Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Kalyanasundaram S. , Prakash M. Jeevan
Published: December 2022

The recent development and implementation of new technologies have led to new era, the nanorevolution which unfolds role of plants in bio and green synthesis of nanoparticles which seem to have drawn quite an unequivocal attention with a view of synthesizing stable nanoparticles. In this present work, we have compared titanium dioxide nanocrystals synthesized by both chemical method and biological method from Titanium tetra isopropoxide as precursor. The biological method was performed by using the aqueous plant extract of Pithecellobium dulce and Lagenaria siceraria. The synthesized nanocrystals were characterized by FTIR Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Xray (EDAX), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques and also Antioxidant assay and antimicrobial test were performed to evaluate its biological behaviour. The nanocrystals synthesized by biological method were found to have higher antioxidant potential, antimicrobial activity than chemically synthesized.
The Prevalence and Significance of ~10-20 J and ~10-12 W·m-2 as Convergent/Divergent Nodal Units in the Universe
Authors: Persinger Michael A.
Published: December 2022

The dimensional analysis that produces the quantitative equivalence between two aggregate terms that have universal prevalence may reveal hidden variables. The value of 10-20 J per s can be derived from the total force of the universe when divided by the total numbers of Planck’s voxels and distributed over the distance of the hydrogen wavelength. The radiant flux density of 10-12 W·m-2 for photons is ubiquitous throughout cellular systems, including those associated with cognition, and background environment measurements. The most parsimonious relation is that the radiant flux density of photons (a divergent phenomenon) is equal to the fundamental energy from the entire force of the universe at the level of Planck’s volume and the energy converging within the electrical (wave impedance) and magnetic (permeability) properties of space with every rotation of an electron. This quantitative relationship suggests there is equilibrium between the divergence of radiative phenomena and the convergence within the electrical and magnetic properties of space with each orbital rotation of an electron. The exactness of this equivalence may reveal the source and mechanisms by which the energies associated with chemical bonds, resting plasma membrane potentials and “entanglement” for rest mass photons could result in radiant flux densities of photonic fields
2-Aminobenzothiazole Containing Novel Schiff Bases Derivatives: Search for New Antibacterial Agents
Authors: Bhoi Manoj N. , Borad Mayuri A. , Panchal Neha K. , Patel Hitesh D.
Published: December 2022

The benzothiazole and Schiff base moieties are crucial functionalities due to their wide variety of biological activities and have a wide range of therapeutic properties. Keeping in view the importance of these organic moieties, a new series of 2-Aminobenzothiazole containing novel Schiff bases derivatives were synthesized by sequential reaction. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by their analytical and spectral data. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activity against gram positive and gram negative bacteria. Synthesized compounds showed significant activity against microorganisms, which can be correlated with the privileged heterocyclic structural scaffolds.
Structure Parameter Correlation of some Quinoxaline Derivatives through IR and 13C NMR Spectra
Authors: Thirunarayanan Ganesamoorthy , Muthuvel I. , Sathiyendiran V.
Published: December 2022

A series of 6-substituted quanoxaline derivatives have been synthesized and examined their purities by literature method. The infrared and 13C NMR spectral data of these quinoxalines were correlated with Hammett substituent constants, F and R parameters using single and multi-regression analysis. From the results of statistical analysis, the effect of substituents on the spectral frequencies has been studied.
ZnO/VNC Material for UV-Photodegradation of Methylene Blue
Authors: Arunkumar A. , Chandrasekaran T. , Riaz Ahamed K.
Published: December 2022

ZnO materials act as a Photocatalytic reaction and it leads to partial or complete mineralization or decolorization of organic pollutants. Upon irradiation with UV/visible light, semiconductors catalyze undergoes redox reactions in presence of air/O2 and water. In the present study Zinc oxide (ZnO) was doped with activated carbon prepared from the stem of the plant material by chemical activation namely, Vitexnegundo stem carbon (VNC). The decolourisation and degradation study of a dye namely, methylene blue (MB) was carried out to find out the efficiency of catalytic property of ZnO/VNC. The reaction was performed at 20, 40, 60 ppm of dye solution with ZnO/VNC material at 10 min interval of time. It found that the prepared ZnO / VNC composite exhibits an enhanced Photocatalytic activity for MB degradation under visible light irradiation and its photo catalysis efficiency was analyzed in specific 663 nm λ max using a UV–vis-spectrophotometer. The surface morphology and functional group present in the ZnO / VNC material was characterized by using FT-IR, SEM and XRD. The result reveals that the ZnO/VNC structure consists of irregular aggregates with rough surfaces and high photodegradation activities of ZnO/VNC on MB solutions are found to be at 20ppm. The ZnO/VNC may be used as an alternative adsorbent to remove MB from aqueous solutions.Keywords: Methylene blue (MB), ZnO / VNC, FT-IR, SEM, XRD
Molecular Structure, Vibrational Spectra and Docking Studies of Abacavir by Density Functional Theory
Authors: Solaichamy R. , Karpagam J.
Published: December 2022

In this study, optimized geometry, spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV) analysis, and electronic structure analysis of Abacavir were investigated by utilizing DFT/B3LYP with 6-31G(d,p) as a basis set. Complete vibrational assignments and correlation of the fundamental modes for the title compound were carried out. The calculated molecular geometry has been compared with available X-ray data of Abacavir. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. The molecular stability and bond strength have been investigated by applying the Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. The computational molecular docking studies of title compound have been performed.
Adequate Force Characteristics of a Friction System
Authors: Pluta Zdzisław , Hryniewicz Tadeusz
Published: December 2022

In the paper, at first some remarks concerning friction are presented by the definition of the friction itself, as well as its essential force characteristics. An adequate definition of friction is introduced, and moreover a correct its characteristics. Next the statics, dynamics, and kinematics of the friction system is given, forming the force characteristics of this system for each of the mechanical behaviours, taking into account real inertia forces of the body under friction. Three types of coefficients of sliding friction have been separated, namely: coefficient of static friction, dynamic friction, and kinematic friction. Then the comparative analysis of existent and new knowledge on the force characteristics of friction process has been presented. The consideration on how to determine the coefficient of static friction has also been carried out. Reflections on the possibilities to form further force characteristics of the friction process are presented to develop this work with some final remarks directing the attention on the conditions of development of science on friction.
Physicochemical Parameters and Heavy Metals Content of Soil Samples from Farms in Minna
Authors: Abdulhamid Z. , Agbaji E.B. , Gimba C.E. , Agbaji A.S.
Published: December 2022

Physico-chemical properties and heavy metals content of soils were determined from seven farms in Minna, central Nigeria. Conventional analytical methods were employed to determine the physico-chemical properties and the heavy metals were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry. The result showed that pH values ranged from 6.64 - 7.70 indicating slight acidity to slight alkalinity of the soils. The total organic carbon values ranged from 0.95-2.25 % resulting in the presence of organic matter (1.63-3.87). The electrical conductivity values ranged from 17-37 μS/cm. The cation exchange capacity of the soil samples ranged from 3.68-5.15 cmol/kg. The heavy metals levels were in the following range: Cd (0.00018-0.00134 mg/g), Cu (0.0069-0.0476 mg/g), Fe (1.942-2.2059 mg/g), Mn (0.1825-0.3696 mg/g), Ni (0.0065-0.0069 mg/g) and Zn (0.0157-0.2252 mg/g). The concentration of the metals in the soil samples varied according to the following trend: Fe>Mn>Zn> Cu>Ni>Cd. The average concentration of all the metals in each farm also gave the trend Farm B>Farm G>Farm E>Farm C>Farm F>Farm D>Farm A. The findings indicate the presence of heavy metals in all the farms but only Fe was above the FAO/WHO standards.
An Efficient One-Pot Multicomponent Synthesis and Characterization of 5-Cyano-1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrimidine Derivatives
Authors: Vaghasiya R.G. , Shah V.H.
Published: December 2022

A series of pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile derivatives was efficiently synthesized via one-pot, multi component reaction (MCRs) of 1,3-bifunctional synthon (ethylcyano acetate), substituted pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde, and thiourea/urea in the presence of basic catalyst. The key advantages of this process are high yields, shorter reaction times, easy work-up, and purification of products by non-chromatographic method.
The Gravitational Field in the Relativistic Uniform Model within the Framework of the Covariant Theory of Gravitation
Authors: Fedosin Sergey G.
Published: December 2022

For the relativistic uniform system with an invariant mass density the exact expressions are determined for the potentials and strengths of the gravitational field, the energy of particles and fields. It is shown that, as in the classical case for bodies with a constant mass density, in the system with a zero vector potential of the gravitational field, the energy of the particles, associated with the scalar field potential, is twice as large in the absolute value as the energy defined by the tensor invariant of the gravitational field. The problem of inaccuracy of the use of the field’s stress-energy tensors for calculating the system’s mass and energy is considered. The found expressions for the gravitational field strengths inside and outside the system allow us to explain the occurrence of the large-scale structure of the observable Universe, and also to relate the energy density of gravitons in the vacuum field with the limiting mass density inside the proton. Both the Universe and the proton turn out to be relativistic uniform systems with the maximum possible parameters. The described approach allows us to calculate the maximum possible Lorentz factor of the matter particles at the center of the neutron star and at the center of the proton, and also to estimate the radius of action of the strong and ordinary gravitation in cosmological space.
Experimental and Computational Vibration Study of Amino Acids
Authors: Mohamed Musa E. , Mohammed Abdelhafeez M.A.
Published: December 2022

Vibrational studies of amino acids experimentally and theoretically have been performed. The Semi-empirical methods optimization by PM6 and RM1 on the l- and d-amino acids (alanine, phenylalanine, aspartic and glutamic acid), showed no difference in energy between l-and d-isomers. The vibrational frequencies were calculated by semi-emprical methods (PM6 and RM1) and Ab Initio methods (B3LYP/6-31+G(d) and were scaled down by factors of 0.925 (RM1), 1.09 (PM6) and 0.89 (B3LYP/6-31+G(d)). The calculated and experimental vibrational frequencies have shown good general agreement.
Study on Halide Ions Selectivity of Nuclear Grade Anion Exchange Resin Auchlite ARA-9366
Authors: Singare P.U. , Patange A.N.
Published: December 2022

The selectivity behaviour of nuclear grade anion exchange resin Auchlite ARA-9366 in chloride form towards iodide and bromide ions in the solution was studied. The trend in selectivity of the resin was predicted on the basis of thermodynamics of Clˉ/Iˉ and Clˉ/Brˉ uni-univalent ion exchange reactions. It was observed that the equilibrium constants K values for Clˉ/Iˉ ion exchange reaction were higher than that calculated for Clˉ/Brˉ exchange under identical experimental conditions. Also the enthalpy values for the two uni-univalent ion exchange reactions were calculated as -47.87 and -36.14 kJ/mol respectively. The high K and low enthalpy values obtained for Clˉ/Iˉ ion exchange reaction as compared to that obtained during Clˉ/Brˉ exchange supports higher selectivity of the resin towards iodide ions as compared to that towards bromide ions, when both the ions are present in the same solution.
Development and Validation of a Headspace Gas Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Methyl Bromide Content in Itraconazole API
Authors: Durga Babu Mannem , Kishore Medikondu , Surendra Babu K.
Published: December 2022

To provide quality control over the manufacture of any API, it is essential to develop highly selective analytical methods. Gas chromatography with headspace (HSGC) is widely used for the determination of residual impurities and solvents in API’s. In the current article we are reporting the development and validation of a rapid and specific Head space gas chromatographic (HSGC) method for the determination of methyl bromide in Itraconazole API. The developed method was validated in terms of specificity, linearity, precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ). The developed method was utilized for the investigation of methyl bromide content in bulk drug.
Neural Networks Based Equalizer for Signal Restoration in Digital Communication Channels
Authors: Zerdoumi Z. , Chicouche D. , Benatia D.
Published: December 2022

One of the main obstacles to reliable communications is the inter symbol interference (ISI). An equalizer is required at the receiver to mitigate the effects of non-ideal channel characteristics and restore the transmitted signal. This paper presents the equalization of digital communication channels using artificial neural network structures. The performances of a nonlinear equalizer using multilayer perceptron (MLP) trained by the back propagation algorithm is compared with a conventional linear traversal equalizer (LTE). Simulation results show that the performances of the MLP based Equalizer surpass significantly the classical LTE in term of the restored signal, the steady state mean square error (MSE) achievable and the minimum bit error rate attainable. The consistency in performance is observed in minimum phase and non-minimum phase channels as well.
Extension to de Broglie Formula of Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Wang Zhong Yue
Published: December 2022

Planck-Einstein’s and de Broglie’s are two fundamental equations of quantum physics. But vacuum Cherenkov radiation (VCR) is convincing evidence that the momentum of a single photon should be where the phase constant takes the place of the wave vector . Apart from the momentum, the operator is associated to . The acousto-optic effect and anomalous VCR can be applied to test this conjecture.
Extractive Spectrophotometric Methods for Determination of Chlorpheniramine Maleate in Pure Form, Pharmaceutical Preparations and Biological Fluids
Authors: Mohamed Marwa El Badry , Frag Eman Y.Z. , El-Boraey Hana A. , El-Sanafery Safa S.
Published: December 2022

In this study a simple, rapid and sensitive spectrophotometric method was developed for the determination of an antihistaminic drug chlorpheniramine maleate (CPM) in pure form, pharmaceutical preparations, spiked humane urine and spiked blood serum. This method was based on the formation of ion-pairs between the basic nitrogen of the CPM drug and four chromogenic reagents namely bromocresol purple (BCP), alizarine Red S (ARS), eriochrome cyanine R (ECR), and cresol red (CR). The extracted colored ion-pairs were measured spectrophotometrically at 390, 425, 503 and 408 nm for BCP, ARS, ECR and CR reagents, respectively. The different parameters that affect the color development between CPM drug and dyestuff reagents were extensively studied to determine the optimal conditions for the assay procedure. The reaction was studied as a function of the volume of reagents, nature of solvent, temperature, reaction time and stoichiometric ratio between the CPM drug and the reagents. Beer’s law was valid over the concentration ranges of 1-30, 1-10, 2-120 and 4-120 μg mL-1 of CPM drug using BCP, ARS, ECR and CR reagents, respectively. The Sandell sensitivity, molar absorptivity, limit of detection and limit of quantification were determined. Applications of the proposed procedure to the analysis of the pharmaceutical preparations, spiked humane urine and spiked blood serum gave reproducible and accurate results without any interference from excipients. The results obtained by the proposed method were in good agreement with those obtained by reported method. The method can be suggested for the routine analysis of the cited drug.
Theoretical Model for the Effect of Temperature on the Fluorescence Spectrum of Laser Dye (Rh6G) in Acetone
Authors: Al-Kadhemy Mahasin F. Hadi , Al-Zuky Ali A. Dawood , Daear Halah Fakhir
Published: December 2022

In this research, the effect of temperature change on the fluorescence intensity for Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) in acetone from room temperature to freezing point of solvent by using liquid nitrogen was studied experimentally and theoretically. As we have noted that the increased temperature led to less intensity and increasingly broader spectrum. We estimate theoretical model for this effect, and the theoretical equation was Extra Val equation.
Production and Characterisation of Bio-Oil from Agricultural Residues
Authors: Dadzie Francis Mintah , Kyei-Mensah John Frimpong , Boakye Michael
Published: December 2022

Energy crisis have become a global issue. Africa is one of the great contributors of agricultural produce, however no efficient way is established to covert the agricultural residues to useful products. Therefore, this study was to ascertain the combining effect of the agricultural residues on the yield and quality of bio oil produced. Biomass from cassava peel, rice husk and corn stalk were obtained and prepared. The sulphur and fixed carbon contents of the biomass were less making them more environmentally friendly. Biomass (i.e cassava peel, rice husk, and corn stalk) were mixed in different concentrations of 1:1:1, 2:1:1, 1:2:1, and 1:1:2 respectively and subjected to fast pyrolysis using a fixed bed reactor. The biomass concentration which gave the highest yield of bio-oil was 2:1:1 with a yield of 55.63 %. This yield was reached at a temperature of 525 °C. However, the physicochemical properties of the high yielding bio-oil fairly satisfied the ASTM D7544 standards. Further improvement on the bio-oil will enhance its usefulness as a suitable alternative to diesel.
Polycondensation for Synthesis of Multi-Functional Products
Authors: Qin Zhi Yong , Goto Hiromasa
Published: December 2022

Miyaura-Suzuki type polycondensation with no use of n-BuLi for preparation of precursors was carried out to obtain a series of p-conjugated materials having multi-functionality. Bully substituent in the monomer restricts propagation in the polycondensation to give high molecular weight products. Although the products thus obtained show low molecular weight, the resultant materials show good optical absorption and fluorescence.
The Effect of Hydrazide Group on the Oxydation of Ferrocene at Two Different Electrodes Using Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) in Organic Medium
Authors: Nacer Salah Neghmouche , Lanez Touhami
Published: December 2022

Through this work we adopted Rotating Disk Electrode (RDE) Voltammetry to study the kinetics of oxidation and the effect of hydrazide group on ferrocene in organic medium. Thus, two different electrodes (Pt and Ge) were used in order to determine this latter. According to the ferrocene taken as a witness the hydrazide group related to the ferrocene made oxidation more difficult. This ferrocenic derivative showed an electrochemical stability, a reversible electrochemical system and an electronic attractor effect of these substitutional ferrocene groups. Finally, we calculated some electrochemical parameters which were: the diffusion coefficients (D), the layer thickness ‹δ› in addition to the electron transfer rate.
Significant Influence of Annealing Temperature and Thickness of Electrode on Energy Conversion Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cell: Effect of Catalyst
Authors: Uddin Jasim , Islam Jahid M.M. , Khan Shauk M.M. , Hoque Enamul , Khan Mubarak A.
Published: December 2022

Dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) shows great promise as an alternative to conventional p-n junction solar cells due to their low fabrication cost and reasonably high efficiency. DSSC was assembled by using natural dye extracted from red amaranth (Amaranthus Gangeticus) as a sensitizer and different catalysts for counter electrode were applied for maximum energy conversion efficiency. Annealing temperature and thickness of electrode were also investigated and optimized. Catalyst, annealing temperature and thickness were optimized by the determination of cell performance considering photoelectrochemical output and measuring current and voltage; then calculating efficiency and other electrical parameters. The experimental results indicated that samples having 40 µm electrode thickness and prepared at 450 °C annealing temperature showed the best performance
Total Alkaline Phosphatase Activity of Water in the Miedwie Lake (North-West Poland) on the Basis of the European Union Water Framework Directive
Authors: Daniszewski Piotr
Published: December 2022

Water in the Miedwie Lake were the subjects of a five-year study (2008-2010). Total alkaline phosphatase activity was determined seven times a year in these environments. The study on the water demonstrated that the top sublittoral layer (1 m) featured the highest alkaline phosphatase activity among all the analyzed zones. A study of seasonal fluctuations showed that a maximum total alkaline phosphatase activity, both in the water occurred in spring (May) and summer (July, August). Basing on this parameter no increase in eutrophication process in the Miedwie Lake was determined in the course of a 3-year study.
Properties of Complete Metric Spaces and their Applications to Computer Security, Information and Communication Technology
Authors: Okelo N.B.
Published: December 2022

Information and Communication Technology has faced a lot of challenges in terms of security of data and information. The aim of this paper is to prove some common fixed point theorems for expansive type mappings, firstly for a continuous mapping and secondly for a surjective mapping. These theorems are generalizations of some recent results in complete b-dislocated metric space. The methodology involved is purely mathematical in nature with applications in computing. Moreover, we give various applications of these results in computer security, forensics and Information and Communication Technology.
Synthesis and Characterization of some Thiazolidinone Derivatives Possessing Benzimidazole Nucleus
Authors: Mehta Prakash , Dawedra Prakash , Goswami Vaishali , Joshi Hitendra S.
Published: December 2022

Synthesis of new thiazolidinone derivatives possessing benzimidazole nucleus by condensation reaction of various substituted mercapto acids in presence of anhydrous ZnCl2. In our present study we have also synthesized Schiff bases of benzimidazole derivatives. All synthesized compounds were characterized by IR, 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopy.
Effects of Performance on Mechanical Properties of Sawdust/Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Matrix Hybrid Composites
Authors: Ashok Kumar M. , Maruthi Chowdary T. , Chandra Sekhar Balaji K. , Dhanunjaya Goud E. , Nagaraju S. , Shaik Ahmmed K. , Raja Sekhar B.
Published: December 2022

Short carbon fibre (CF) and sawdust (SD) were dispersed in to the epoxy (EP) matrix in order to manufacture polymer hybrid composites using compression moulding technique. The mechanical properties of flexural properties of hybrid, compression moulded, chopped CF/SD/epoxy composites have been investigated taking into account the effect of hybridization by these two fillers. Hybridization with small amounts of SD makes these CF composites more suitable for technical applications. The simultaneous compounding of epoxy with two fillers was done to obtain a hybrid composite. This system is expected to have considerable mechanical properties, good surface finish and low cost. It has been found that the tensile properties of filled epoxy were higher than unfilled epoxy. By incorporating up to 30% (by mass) Carbon fiber (CF) and 10% sawdust (SD) namely S3 sample flexural strength was increased by 12.5%. Thus it is shown that the durability of CF/SD filled epoxy composites can be enhanced by hybridization with small amount of CF. The hybrid effects of the flexural strength and modulus were studied by the rule of hybrid mixture.
Synthesis and Optical Characteristics of Silver Nanoparticles on Different Substrates
Authors: Budhiraja Narender , Sharma Ashwani , Dahiya Sanjay , Parmar Rajesh , Vidyadharan Viji
Published: December 2022

Silver nanoparticles have been deposited on glass and polyethylene substrate by Chemical Bath Deposition (CBD) technique and Chemical rolling method. A comparative study has shown that Chemical bath technique is superior compared to rolling technique for uniform deposition of silver nanoparticles on glass substrate. Crystallography investigation of these materials is done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) which reveals that average grain size is in nano region. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) is used for topography study of these prepared nanostructures. Optical properties of the synthesized materials are studied by UV-VIS in detail to check their potential for next era industrial revolution.
Rate-Equation Analysis for a Coupled-Cavity Laser with MMI Anti-Phase Coupler
Authors: Lenstra Daan
Published: December 2022

Rate equations are derived for the coupled-cavity laser with a multimode-interference coupler. A strategy and scheme is indicated for iterative self-consistent numerical solution of the steady-state equations. The presence of the linewidth-enhancement parameter is explicitly taken into account. Locking in stable single-mode anti-phase operation is numerically demonstrated and locking ranges are given. Numerical results are given for the output power and the operation frequency as functions of the pump strengths of the individual lasers. The shapes of output-intensity curves agree well with measured curves.
Concentration of Copper and Lead in Market Milk and Milk Products of Bangladesh
Authors: Shariar S.M.S. , Akther S. , Akter F. , Morshed S. , Alam M.K. , Saha I. , Halim M.A. , Hassan M.M.
Published: December 2022

The aim of this work is to detect and estimate the level of selected heavy metals (copper and lead) in milk and milk products in Chittagong City Corporation Areas of Bangladesh. The most important milk and milk products that are likely to be an important contributor to heavy metal exposure was selected. Total 30 samples of milk and milk products were analyzed among these 20 raw milk samples was collected from 20 dairy farms around industrial area in Chittagong City and 10 milk product samples were collected from market in Chittagong City. Detection and estimation of the level of copper and lead were carried out by using “Analytikjena Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer, model: ZEEnit700P, Germany”. It was found that, most of all milk samples contain copper and lead copper and lead. The content of copper in most of all raw milk and milk products were in the range from 0.02 mg/kg to 0.25 mg/kg. The highest level of copper was found 0.244 mg/kg in milk products. The concentration of lead in milk and milk products were in the range from 0.007 mg/kg to 0.02 mg/kg. The highest concentration of lead was found 0.019 mg/kg in raw milk. These values were compared with standard allowable limit and also with the corresponding values of different countries available in literature.
Hybrid Approach for Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Desai Nisheeth C. , Vaja Darshita V.
Published: December 2022

We have synthesized novel series of N-(1-(2-(1-phenyl-3-(p-tolyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-3(2H)-yl)ethylidene)arylaniline and their derivatives. The structures of synthesized compounds were well characterized by spectroscopic techniques. Antimicrobial activity of the newly synthesized derivatives was evaluated against gram positive (S. aureus and S. pyogenes), gram negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa), and strains of fungi (C. albicans, A. niger and A. clavatus). Among the screened derivatives 5c, 5f, 5i, 5l and 5t demonstrated superior antimicrobial activity against microbial strains.
Diffractive Electroproduction of ρ Mesons
Authors: Hamad Khalid M.A.
Published: December 2022

A tow pomeron model is used to analyze the distribution of the p mesons electroproduction cross section with energy for different Q2. It is found that the steepness in the energy distribution can be attributed to the increase of the respective weight of the hard pomeron to the soft pomeron with increasing Q2. Using some suitable functions to fit the variations of the weights with Q2, a remark able agreement with the experimental data is achieved