bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pain Symptoms Associated with Opioid Use among Vulnerable Persons with HIV: An Exploratory Study with Implications for Palliative Care and Opioid Abuse Prevention
Authors: Knowlton Amy R. , Nguyen Trang Q. , Robinson Allysha C. , Harrell Paul T. , Mitchell Mary M.
Published: January 2017

Current or former injection drug users with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are at high risk for pain, which adversely affects their quality of life and may increase their risk for illicit drug use or relapse. We explored associations between pain symptoms and substance use among injection-drug-using study participants with HIV who had histories of heroin use. Using generalized estimating equations and controlling for prior substance use, we found that pain in each six-month period was associated with the use of heroin and prescription opioids, but not the use of nonopioid drugs or alcohol. Routine clinical assessment and improved management of pain symptoms may be needed for persons with HIV and a history of injection drug use, particularly those with chronic pain, for whom there is increased risk for heroin use.
Exploring the Overlap Between Sexual Victimization and Offending Among Young Women Across Neighborhoods: Does the Type of Force and Type of Offending Matter?
Authors: Farrell Chelsea
Published: January 2017

The relationship between victimization and subsequent maladaptive behaviors such as offending is well established. To a lesser degree, a contextual lens has been used to examine how neighborhood characteristics influence the overlap between victimization and offending. The existing literature has yet to explore how the neighborhood context moderates the victim–offender overlap among young women, specifically, or whether the type of force used during sexual victimization or offending matters. This study uses data from The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health) to examine whether concentrated disadvantage moderates the impact of sexual victimization on subsequent offending for women. Results indicate that young women who experience sexual victimization are more likely to engage in general offending regardless of neighborhood type. However, closer examination reveals that, when taking into account the type of force used in sexual victimization (physical or coerced) and the type of offending (violent, property, drug use), the overlap does indeed vary across neighborhoods. Specifically, results indicate that only coerced sexual victimization significantly affects property offending in neighborhoods with high levels of concentrated disadvantage. Related to violent offending, physical sexual victimization has a strong positive impact in less disadvantaged neighborhoods. Finally, coerced sexual victimization is significantly associated with an increased likelihood for drug use, and this relationship is consistent across neighborhoods. The findings suggest that nuances in the nature of victimization and offending need to be taken into account to fully understand the victim–offender overlap across neighborhood context.
Nonconforming isogeometric analysis for trimmed CAD geometries using finite-element tearing and interconnecting algorithm
Authors: Zhu Xue-Feng , Ma Zheng-Dong , Hu Ping
Published: January 2017

Inspired by the nonconforming finite-element method, and with the intention of resolving difficulties in constructing analysis-suitable geometry in isogeometric analysis, an isogeometric method based on multipoint constraints and a finite-element tearing and interconnecting algorithm, called nonconforming isogeometric analysis, is proposed. The major purpose of the algorithm is to enable the application of isogeometric analysis directly to trimmed CAD geometries. The basic idea is to build a constraint equation system about the control points belonging to different trimmed spline patches and the normal derivatives of the geometric functions at properly selected interface points, and then to enforce the control variables and the normal derivatives of the displacement functions to obey the constraint equation system using the isoparametric concept. A spline version of the finite-element tearing and interconnecting method is then employed to obtain numerical solutions. Examples provided in this paper demonstrate the accuracy and efficiency of the new method.
A theoretical model for the tread slip and the effective rolling radius of the tyres in free rolling
Authors: Wei Yintao , Oertel Christian , Li Xuebing , Yu Liangyao
Published: January 2017

A rigid–elastic coupling theory for the rolling kinematics of tyres, by which the tread slip, the effective rolling radius and the ply steering of the tyres can be analysed, was formulated. The theory demonstrates that, during free-rolling motion, the coupling between the rotational velocity Ω along the wheel axis and the circumferential displacement gradient generates the longitudinal tread slip, and the coupling between the rotational velocity Ω along the wheel axis and the lateral displacement gradient generates the lateral tread slip and the ply steering. Revisiting the tread slip phenomenon using the newly proposed method numerically proves the kinematic mechanism of the rolling friction. It can be found that the effective rolling radius Re increases with increasing inflation pressure and decreases with increasing load; the sensitivity of Re to the inflation pressure is greater than the sensitivity of Re to the load. The good agreement between the theoretical predictions and the test results for the effective rolling radius of the radial tyres of a car is found. The coupling of the displacement gradient and the rigid rolling kinematics causes non-symmetry of the lateral tread slip which, in turn, leads to the ply steering and the residual aligning moment; these depend on the belt and tread design. The proposed theory and approach provide a quick and powerful tool for analysing the tread slip, the effective rolling radius and the ply steering of the tyres under free rolling.
Factors associated with patients who prefer HIV self-testing over health professional testing in an emergency department-based rapid HIV screening program
Authors: Hsieh Yu-Hsiang , Beck Kaylin J , Rothman Richard E , Gauvey-Kern Megan , Woodfield Alonzo , Peterson Stephen , Signer Danielle , Gaydos Charlotte A
Published: January 2017

Kiosk-facilitated HIV self-testing has been shown to be accurate and well accepted by emergency department (ED) patients. We investigated factors associated with patients who preferred self-testing over testing performed by health professionals in an ED-based HIV screening program. This opt-in program evaluation studied 332 patients in an inner-city academic ED from February 2012 to April 2012, when a kiosk-based HIV self-testing program was standard of care. The first kiosk in the 2-stage system registered patients and assessed their interest in screening, while the second kiosk gathered demographic and risk factor information and also provided self-testing instructions. Patients who declined to self-test were offered testing by staff. Broad eligibility included patients aged 18–64 years who were not critically ill, English-speaking, able to provide informed consent, and registered during HIV program operational hours. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis and Chi squared tests; 160 (48.2%) of 332 patients consenting to testing chose to use a kiosk to guide them performing self-testing. Patients aged 25–29 years and those whose primary ED diagnosis was not infectious disease-related were more likely to prefer HIV self-testing (OR = 2.19, 95% CI: 1.17–4.10; OR = 1.79, 95% CI: 1.03–3.12). HIV self-testing in the ED could serve as a complementary testing approach to the conventional modality.
Between the patient and the next of kin in end-of-life care: A critical study based on feminist theory
Authors: Ramvi Ellen , Ueland Venke Irene
Published: January 2017

Background:

For the experience of end-of-life care to be ‘good’ many ethical challenges in various relationships have to be resolved. In this article, we focus on challenges in the nurse–next of kin relationship. Little is known about difficulties in this relationship, when the next of kin are seen as separate from the patient.

Research problem:

From the perspective of nurses: What are the ethical challenges in relation to next of kin in end-of-life care?

Research design:

A critical qualitative approach was used, based on four focus group interviews.

Participants:

A total of 22 registered nurses enrolled on an Oncology nursing specialisation programme with experience from end-of-life care from various practice areas participated.

Ethical considerations:

The study was approved by the Norwegian Social Science Data Service, Bergen, Norway, project number 41109, and signed informed consent obtained from the participants before the focus groups began.

Findings and discussion:

Two descriptive themes emerged from the inductive analysis: ‘A feeling of mistrust, control and rejection’ and ‘Being between hope and denial of next of kin and the desire of the patient to die when the time is up’. Deductive reinterpretation of data (in the light of moral distress from a Feminist ethics perspective) has made visible the constraints that certain relations with next of kin in end-of-life care lay upon the nurses’ moral identity, the relationship and their responsibility. We discuss how these constraints have political and societal dimensions, as well as personal and relational ones.

Conclusion:

There is complex moral distress related to the nurse–next of kin relationship which calls for ethical reflections regarding these relationships within end-of-life care.
Deconstructing Retail Service Quality in India
Authors: Duggal Ekta , Verma Harsh V.
Published: January 2017

The service quality is not universal. It is a context-specific phenomenon. This study sought to identify and deconstruct the service quality in the Indian modern retail context. The retail service quality dimensions were explored and identified and thereafter they were empirically validated through confirmatory analysis. A multistage process was adopted in pursuance of objectives. First, the underlying factor structure of retail service quality was identified by literature review, customer opinion survey, expert evaluation and factor analysis. It was followed by model development for service quality which is subjected to empirical testing. The data is analyzed using AMOS (v.20) by which validity and reliability of the service quality measure is established. The hypothesis that retail service quality is a multidimensional construct was supported by data analysis. The service quality instrument was later empirically verified and confirmed with the help of structural equation modelling.
Eosinophilic leukemia in three African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) and validation of Luna stain
Authors: Martínez-Jiménez David , Garner Bridget , Coutermarsh-Ott Sheryl , Burrell Caitlin , Clark Sabrina , Nabity Mary , Díaz-Delgado Josué , Rodrigues-Hoffmann Aline , Zaks Karen , Proença Laila , Divers Stephen , Saba Corey , Cazzini Paola
Published: January 2017

Neoplasia is usually encountered in the African pygmy hedgehog at a mean age of 3.5 y, and malignancy is common. Myelogenous leukemias are rarely reported in hedgehogs. We describe 3 cases of eosinophilic leukemia in adult, middle-aged (mean age: 2.3 y) hedgehogs, for which prognosis appears grave. In 1 case, attempted treatment was unsuccessful, and in all 3 cases, the disease course was rapid and all died soon after diagnosis. Blood smear evaluation, along with complete blood count, was critical in making the diagnosis in all cases. Luna stain was validated and used to better visualize eosinophils in cytologic and histologic sections. Electron microscopy confirmed the presence of specific granules in hedgehog eosinophils.
Fusion and Electoral Performance in New York Congressional Elections
Authors: Kantack Benjamin R.
Published: January 2017

Minor parties in American politics often struggle to gain support due to the phenomenon of strategic voting, as they rarely field viable candidates. However, in several US states, fusion (a process by which multiple parties may nominate the same candidate) averts this obstacle by allowing minor parties to cross-endorse major-party candidates. Although major parties are known to perceive these fused ballot lines as electorally advantageous, their value in terms of additional votes for fusing candidates has not yet been systematically studied. Focusing on US House of Representatives elections in New York (where fusion is prevalent) between 1952 and 2014, I demonstrate that, under certain conditions, fusing with minor parties improves major-party candidates’ electoral performance by substantial—and, occasionally, electorally decisive—amounts.
Stability in constrained temperature-rate-dependent thermoelasticity
Authors: Alharbi Amnah M , Scott Nigel H
Published: January 2017

In an anisotropic temperature-rate-dependent thermoelastic material four plane harmonic waves may propagate in any direction, all dispersive and attenuated, and all stable in the sense that their amplitudes remain bounded in the direction of travel. In this paper, the material is additionally assumed to suffer an internal constraint of the deformation-temperature type, i.e. the temperature is a prescribed function of the deformation gradient. In this constrained thermoelastic material four waves continue to propagate but instabilities are now found. Constrained temperature-rate-dependent thermoelasticity is then combined with generalized thermoelasticity in which the rate of change of heat flux also appears in the heat conduction equation. Four waves again propagate but instabilities are found as before. Anisotropic and isotropic materials are both considered.
Response to the editorial by Dr Geraghty
Authors: White Peter D , Chalder Trudie , Sharpe Michael , Angus Brian J , Baber Hannah L , Bavinton Jessica , Burgess Mary , Clark Lucy V , Cox Diane L , DeCesare Julia C , Goldsmith Kimberley A , Johnson Anthony L , McCrone Paul , Murphy Gabrielle , Murphy Maurice , O’Dowd Hazel , Potts Laura , Walwyn Rebacca , Wilks David
Published: January 2017

This article is written in response to the linked editorial by Dr Geraghty about the adaptive Pacing, graded Activity and Cognitive behaviour therapy; a randomised Evaluation (PACE) trial, which we led, implemented and published. The PACE trial compared four treatments for people diagnosed with chronic fatigue syndrome. All participants in the trial received specialist medical care. The trial found that adding cognitive behaviour therapy or graded exercise therapy to specialist medical care was as safe as, and more effective than, adding adaptive pacing therapy or specialist medical care alone. Dr Geraghty has challenged these findings. In this article, we suggest that Dr Geraghty’s views are based on misunderstandings and misrepresentations of the PACE trial; these are corrected.
Pastoral care of mental illness and the accommodation of African Christian beliefs and practices by UK clergy
Authors: Leavey Gerard , Loewenthal Kate , King Michael
Published: January 2017

Faith-based organisations, especially those related to specific ethnic or migrant groups, are increasingly viewed by secular Western government agencies as potential collaborators in community health and welfare programmes. Although clergy are often called upon to provide mental health pastoral care, their response to such problems remains relatively unexamined. This paper examines how clergy working in multiethnic settings do not always have the answers that people want, or perhaps need, to problems of misfortune and suffering. In the UK these barriers can be attributed, generally, to a lack of training on mental health problems and minimal collaboration with health services. The current paper attempts to highlight the dilemmas of the established churches’ involvement in mental health care in the context of diversity. We explore the inability of established churches to accommodate African and other spiritual beliefs and practices related to the etiology and treatment of mental health problems.
From quantitative precision to qualitative judgements: Professional perspectives about the impartiality of television news during the 2015 UK General Election
Authors: Cushion Stephen , Thomas Richard
Published: January 2017

Drawing on interviews with key stakeholders – regulators, editors, party spin-doctors and politicians – supported by a systematic content analysis of television news during the 2015 UK General Election, this study makes an intervention into debates about how impartiality is understood and interpreted. Contrary to recent scholarly interpretations about ‘due impartiality’ being applied with some degree of quantitative precision – a stop-watch approach to balance – according to key stakeholders we interviewed the regulation of UK election news should be viewed as a qualitative judgement about the editorial merit of particular issues, parties or leaders throughout the campaign. Overall, we argue that the United Kingdom has moved from a political system shaping impartiality in recent years towards more of a news value–driven system reliant on editorial judgements. This raises, in our view, serious questions about the accountability of editorial decisions and how impartiality is safeguarded. News values, after all, are not politically neutral and – as our content analysis demonstrates – can lead to parties with a minor status gaining more coverage than some major parties. In order to remain relevant to regulatory and industry debates in journalism, we conclude by suggesting scholars should pay closer attention to how key stakeholders interpret and apply media policy.
Ultimate strength of steel beam-columns under axial compression
Authors: Li Zhongwei , Patil Mayuresh , Yu Xiaochuan
Published: January 2017

This article presents a semi-analytical method to calculate the ultimate strength of inelastic beam-columns with I-shaped cross section using geometrically exact beam theory. A computer code based on this method has been applied to beam-columns under axial compression. The results agree with nonlinear finite element analysis. Compared with previous step-by-step integration approach, this new method is more efficient and can be extended to multi-span beam-columns and other load combinations including lateral pressure. The presented beam-column model is ideally suited for ultimate strength prediction of stiffened steel panels of ships and offshore structures.
Individual Contributions to State Supreme Court Campaigns: Context and the Impact of Institutional Design
Authors: Boyea Brent D.
Published: January 2017

Building upon existing theories of political fundraising and citizen participation in elections, this study examines contributions from individuals as an essential form of political participation in state high court elections from 2000 through 2012. Specifically, I explore the degree to which candidate characteristics, state political environments, and the attributes of state institutions affect the size of individual contributions. The findings of this investigation indicate the participation of contributors in judicial elections closely resembles the activities of voters. Like voters, contributors respond to contextual forces that increase or decrease salience and the political information available to state citizens. Of particular importance are state decisions to use partisan or nonpartisan election designs. Decisions by states to use partisan elections have important consequences for the generosity of contributors with larger donations directed to candidates seeking office in the most professionalized elective state supreme courts.
The Relationship Between “What We Believe” and “How We Care” Among Daughters Caring for a Parent With Dementia
Authors: Chen Cory K. , Clayton Karima , Chodosh Joshua
Published: January 2017

This study attempted to better understand factors associated with relationship conflict between daughters and their parents with dementia. We examined data from 77 daughters self-identified as primary caregivers of a parent with dementia to test the hypothesis that daughters’ belief that a parent with dementia can control their symptoms is associated with more conflict, defined as high expressed emotion (EE). Participants completed self-report questionnaires assessing beliefs about parents’ ability to control symptoms, stress, relationship conflict, parent agitation, and cognitive status. Results indicated that greater intensity of daughters’ belief that their parent can control dementia-related symptoms was associated with more relationship conflict or “high EE” (β = 0.57, P < .001). Daughters’ beliefs about parental behavior may contribute to caregiver stress and exacerbate negative behaviors exhibited by individuals with dementia. Educating caregivers about parental behaviors and examining factors underlying caregiver interpretations of these behaviors hold promise for reducing caregiver stress.
Tool for Screening Visual Acuity in Older Individuals With Dementia
Authors: Kergoat Hélène , Law Caroline , Chriqui Estefania , Leclerc Bernard-Simon , Kergoat Marie-Jeanne
Published: January 2017

Rationale/Objective:

To develop a screening and referral algorithm tool to help identify which older institutionalized individuals with dementia need an eye examination.

Methods:

The visual acuity (VA) screening test was developed on an iPad retina display. Three optotypes were used (letters, numbers, and tumbling E’s) to determine whether one works best with dementia. The screening VA results and algorithm decision were validated against those obtained by an optometrist performing a complete eye examination.

Results:

Of the 150 participants, 14.7% did not respond to any optotype, while 85.3% responded to letters, 84.0% to numbers, and 66.0% to tumbling E’s. The VA achieved was superior for letters. The concordance for the screening versus eye examination was >80% for VA and 90% for the algorithm.

Conclusion:

The results indicate that the tool was successful at identifying older individuals with dementia needing an eye examination.
Changes in CD4+CD25+Tregs in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in ApoE−/−mice
Authors: Xue-Mei Li , Jie Chen , Xuan Dai , Xiao-Xing Liao , Chun-Lin Hu , Yu-Jie Li
Published: January 2017

The goal of this study was to observe the pathological characteristics of atherosclerotic plaques in the aortic walls of ApoE−/−and C57BL/6J mice and the changes of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells (Tregs) in atherosclerotic mice. Twenty ApoE−/−mice were split into high-fat diet (AH) and normal diet (AN) groups and 10 C57BL/6J male mice were designated as the control group (BN). The serum concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1 were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; paraffin sections of the aorta were stained with hematoxylin & eosin, and morphometric parameters were measured using the Image Pro Plus 6.0 system. Verhoeff stain was used to observe the distribution of elastic fibers, and immunohistochemical staining was performed to verify the phenotype of the forkhead box protein 3 (Foxp3+) CD25+cells in the atherosclerotic tissue. The proportion of CD4+CD25+Tregs in the spleen was calculated by flow cytometry. The thickness of the intima, the intima/media ratio, the plaque area, and the plaque/lumen ratio of mice in AN group were significantly larger than those of mice in BN group. The thickness of the intima, the plaque area, and the plaque/lumen ratio of the mice in AH group were significantly increased compared with those of the AN group mice. The serum concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1 and the percentage of splenic CD4+CD25+Tregs in AN group mice were significantly decreased compared with the control group. The serum concentrations of IL-10 and TGF-β1 and the percentage of splenic CD4+CD25+Tregs in the mice in AH group were significantly decreased compared with those in AN group. The proportions of Foxp3+and CD25+cells within the total lymphocyte population were significantly decreased in AH group mice compared with those in AN group mice. Atherosclerosis in an experimental mouse model was correlated with Treg depletion in the lymphoid tissues and plaques, indicating the important antiatherosclerotic role of CD4+CD25+Tregs.

Impact statement

In this article, we conclude that Tregs decreased with atherosclerosis (AS) as determined in ApoE knockout mice fed a high fat diet. It is an important matter for understanding the AS pathology.
Endovascular treatment of a dural arteriovenous fistula in a patient with Loeys-Dietz syndrome: A case report
Authors: Aoki Rie , Srivatanakul Kittipong , Osada Takahiro , Hotta Kazuko , Sorimachi Takatoshi , Matsumae Mitsunori , Morisaki Hiroko
Published: January 2017

Background

Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is a recently recognized autosomal dominant connective tissue disease. The manifestations of LDS include vascular tortuosity, scoliosis, craniosynostosis, aneurysm and aortic dissections.

Clinical presentation

A 35-year-old woman treated with Stanford type B aortic dissection and breast cancer was referred to us for Borden type II dural arteriovenous fistula (dAVF) draining to the vein of Galen, involving the midline of tentorium cerebelli. The dAVF was treated successfully by combined transarterial and transvenous embolization. Because of tortuosity of vertebral arteries, a genetic test was conducted confirming LDS type 2.

Conclusions

To our knowledge, this is the first case report of dAVF associated with LDS. The relationship between LDS and dAVF is unknown but this report shows the possibility that mutation of transforming growth factor β receptors 2 ( TGFBR2) related to LDS may be related to shunt diseases. Because intervention in LDS seems to be feasible compared to Ehlers Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome, it is important to make the correct diagnosis.
Wind turbine prognostics and maintenance management based on a hybrid approach of neural networks and a proportional hazards model
Authors: Mazidi Peyman , Bertling Tjernberg Lina , Sanz Bobi Miguel A
Published: January 2017

This paper proposes an approach for stress condition monitoring and maintenance assessment in wind turbines (WTs) through large amounts of collected data from the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system. The objectives of the proposed approach are to provide a stress condition model for health monitoring, to assess the WT’s maintenance strategies, and to provide recommendations on current maintenance schemes for future operations of the wind farm. At first, several statistical techniques, namely principal component analysis, Pearson, Spearman and Kendall correlations, mutual information, regressional ReliefF and decision trees are used and compared to assess the data for dimensionality reduction and parameter selection. Next, a normal behavior model is constructed by an artificial neural network which performs condition monitoring analysis. Then, a model based on the mathematical form of a proportional hazards model is developed where it represents the stress condition of the WT. Finally, those two models are jointly employed in order to analyze the overall performance of the WT over the study period. Several cases are analyzed with five-year SCADA data and maintenance information is utilized to develop and validate the proposed approach.
Free Open Access Med(ical edu)cation for critical care practitioners
Authors: Olusanya Olusegun , Day James , Kirk-Bayley Justin , Szakmany Tamas
Published: January 2017

Free Open Access Med(ical edu)cation refers to an online community of knowledge relating to medicine. Originating from practitioners in emergency medicine, it has since spread to critical care, internal medicine, prehospital medicine, paediatrics, and allied health professionals and continues to grow at an advanced rate. Weblogs (‘blog’ for short), emails, social media (in particular Twitter), recorded audio material ((podcasts), and video material are all produced on a daily basis and contribute to the continual professional development of trainees and consultants worldwide. In this article, we explain its background, rise to prominence, and explore some of its controversies.
Guidelines on eosinophilic esophagitis: evidence‐based statements and recommendations for diagnosis and management in children and adults
Authors: Lucendo Alfredo J , Molina‐Infante Javier , Arias Ángel , von Arnim Ulrike , Bredenoord Albert J , Bussmann Christian , Amil Dias Jorge , Bove Mogens , González‐Cervera Jesús , Larsson Helen , Miehlke Stephan , Papadopoulou Alexandra , Rodríguez‐Sánchez Joaquín , Ravelli Alberto , Ronkainen Jukka , Santander Cecilio , Schoepfer Alain M , Storr Martin A , Terreehorst Ingrid , Straumann Alex , Attwood Stephen E
Published: January 2017

Introduction

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is one of the most prevalent esophageal diseases and the leading cause of dysphagia and food impaction in children and young adults. This underlines the importance of optimizing diagnosys and treatment of the condition, especially after the increasing amount of knowledge on EoE recently published. Therefore, the UEG, EAACI ESPGHAN, and EUREOS deemed it necessary to update the current guidelines regarding conceptual and epidemiological aspects, diagnosis, and treatment of EoE.

Methods

General methodology according to the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used in order to comply with current standards of evidence assessment in formulation of recommendations. An extensive literature search was conducted up to August 2015 and periodically updated. The working group consisted of gastroenterologists, allergists, pediatricians, otolaryngologists, pathologists, and epidemiologists. Systematic evidence‐based reviews were performed based upon relevant clinical questions with respect to patient‐important outcomes.

Results

The guidelines include updated concept of EoE, evaluated information on disease epidemiology, risk factors, associated conditions, and natural history of EoE in children and adults. Diagnostic conditions and criteria, the yield of diagnostic and disease monitoring procedures, and evidence‐based statements and recommendation on the utility of the several treatment options for patients EoE are provided. Recommendations on how to choose and implement treatment and long‐term management are provided based on expert opinion and best clinical practice.

Conclusion

Evidence‐based recommendations for EoE diagnosis, treatment modalities, and patients’ follow up are proposed in the guideline.
Combined tibial lengthening and ankle arthrodesis for patients with certain type of sequelae of poliomyelitis
Authors: Wu Chi-Chuan
Published: January 2017

Purpose:

Following far advancement of modern medicine and technology, functional disability in a certain type of sequelae of poliomyelitis may be effectively improved.

Methods:

Eight consecutive adult patients with unilateral sequelae of poliomyelitis were treated. These patients had shortened lower extremity of an average of 4.8 cm (range, 4.0–5.5 cm) in the lesion side. Muscle power of the ipsilateral knee was nearly intact (grade 4 or 5) but the ankle extension was completely flaccid. The tibia was osteotomized and lengthened with external fixation. Consequently, all external fixators were converted to plates supplemented with autogenous corticocancellous bone graft and bone graft substitute. Ankle arthrodesis was performed concomitantly.

Results:

Seven patients were followed up for an average of 3.7 years (range, 2.2–5.4 years). All seven lengthened sites healed with an average union time of 3.9 months (range, 3.5–4.5 months) after plating. One ankle infection occurred. Gait function significantly improved by modified Mazur scoring evaluation ( p = 0.02). At the latest follow-up, all patients had a minimal or unnoticed limp in level walking.

Conclusion:

The described combined techniques may be an excellent alternate for treating selected patients with sequelae of poliomyelitis. The procedure is not complex but the efficiency is extremely prominent.
Treatment for early postoperative esophageal fistula complicated with anterior cervical surgery
Authors: Yuan Haifeng , Ding Huiqiang , Hu Lihong , Buser Zorica , Zhao Haoning , Li Xusheng
Published: January 2017

Object:

To investigate the efficacy of debridement, open drainage, and early feeding to treat early esophageal fistula complicated with anterior cervical surgery.

Methods:

Retrospective analysis was conducted on data from 3154 patients who had undergone anterior cervical surgeries for cervical vertebra diseases between January 2006 and January 2013, in which eight patients had esophageal fistula with five males and three females. Four patients had cervical spinal injuries and four patients had cervical spondylosis. All of whom had postoperative esophageal fistulas and underwent debridement and drainage. The wounds were left open for natural drainage. No drainage devices were placed in surgical sites, and no gastric tubes were placed after surgeries. Such normal food as rice balls but not liquid or semiliquid diet was recommended. Local pressurization was conducted with fists during feeding to prevent food overflowing from orificium fistulae.

Results:

Healed esophageal fistulas were achieved in all of the patients after 1–2 weeks treatment. There weren’t recurrent esophageal fistulas and delayed infection found during 2–5 years follow-up. Good swallowing functions and stable cervical vertebrae were achieved in all of the patients. The satisfactory therapeutic effects were achieved in patients with previous neck diseases. Frankel classifications were increased by 1–2 grades in patients with cervical spinal injuries. JOA scores were increased from 9.5 before surgery to 15.5 after surgery in patients with cervical vertebra diseases.

Conclusions:

Early postoperative esophageal fistula complication after anterior cervical surgery can successfully be treated by debridement, drainage without gastric tube, and with early oral postoperative feeding but without fluids.
How Are We Measuring Patient Satisfaction After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction?
Authors: Kahlenberg Cynthia A. , Nwachukwu Benedict U. , Ferraro Richard A. , Schairer William W. , Steinhaus Michael E. , Allen Answorth A.
Published: January 2017

Background:

Reconstruction of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is one of the most common orthopaedic operations in the United States. The long-term impact of ACL reconstruction is controversial, however, as longer term data have failed to demonstrate that ACL reconstruction helps alter the natural history of early onset osteoarthritis that occurs after ACL injury. There is significant interest in evaluating the value of ACL reconstruction surgeries.

Purpose:

To examine the quality of patient satisfaction reporting after ACL reconstruction surgery.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4.

Methods:

A systematic review of the MEDLINE database was performed using the PubMed interface. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines as well as the PRISMA checklist were employed. The initial search yielded 267 studies. The inclusion criteria were: English language, US patient population, clinical outcome study of ACL reconstruction surgery, and reporting of patient satisfaction included in the study. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale.

Results:

A total of 22 studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies comprised a total of 1984 patients with a mean age of 31.9 years at the time of surgery and a mean follow-up period of 59.3 months. The majority of studies were evidence level 4 (n = 18; 81.8%), had a mean Newcastle-Ottawa scale score of 5.5, and were published before 2006 (n = 17; 77.3%); 5 studies (22.7%) failed to clearly describe their method for determining patient satisfaction. The most commonly used method for assessing satisfaction was a 0 to 10 satisfaction scale (n = 11; 50.0%). Among studies using a 0 to 10 scale, mean satisfaction ranged from 7.4 to 10.0. Patient-reported outcome and objective functional measures for ACL stability and knee function were positively correlated with patient satisfaction. Degenerative knee change was negatively correlated with satisfaction.

Conclusion:

The level of evidence for studies reporting patient satisfaction is low, and the methodologies for reporting patient satisfaction are variable. Additionally, within the past decade there has been a significant decline in the inclusion of this outcome measure within published ACL studies. As sports surgeons are increasingly called on to demonstrate the value of operative procedures, attention should be paid to understanding and reporting patient satisfaction.
Can Grafts Provide Superior Tendon Healing and Clinical Outcomes After Rotator Cuff Repairs?
Authors: Ono Yohei , Dávalos Herrera Diego Alejandro , Woodmass Jarret M. , Boorman Richard S. , Thornton Gail M. , Lo Ian K. Y.
Published: January 2017

Background:

Arthroscopic repair of large to massive rotator cuff tears commonly retear. To improve healing rates, a number of different approaches have been utilized, including the use of grafts, which may enhance the biomechanical and biologic aspects of the repair construct. However, the outcomes after the use of grafts are diverse.

Purpose:

To systematically review the literature for large to massive rotator cuff tears to determine whether the use of grafts generally provides superior tendon healing and clinical outcomes to the repairs without grafts.

Study Design:

Systematic review; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A systematic review of the literature was performed. Clinical studies comparing the repairs with (graft group) and without grafts (control group) were included and analyzed. The primary outcome was tendon healing on either magnetic resonance imaging or ultrasound. The secondary outcome measures included visual analog scale for pain, University of California at Los Angles (UCLA) score, and forward elevation range. Differences between groups in all outcome measures were statistically analyzed.

Results:

Six comparative studies (level of evidence 2 or 3) with 13 study groups were included. A total of 242 repairs in the graft group (mean age, 62.5 ± 4.6 years) and 185 repairs in the control group (mean age, 62.5 ± 5.0 years) were analyzed. The graft types utilized included autograft (fascia lata) in 1 study, allograft (human dermis) in 2 studies, xenograft (bovine pericardium, porcine small intestine submucosa) in 2 studies, synthetic graft (polypropylene) in 1 study, and a combination of autograft (the long head of biceps) and synthetic graft (polypropylene) in 1 study. The overall mean follow-up time was 28.4 ± 9.0 months. When 1 or 2 studies/study groups were excluded due to practical or statistical reasons, the graft group demonstrated significantly improved healing (odds ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.58-3.90; P < .0001) and all clinical outcome measures at final follow-up ( P ≤ .02).

Conclusion:

The use of grafts generally provides superior tendon healing and clinical outcomes compared to repairs without grafts, except for some specific graft types (eg, porcine small intestine submucosa, bovine pericardium). Further investigations are required to determine the benefits of the use of grafts.
Communicating Leader-Member Relationship Quality
Authors: Omilion-Hodges Leah M. , Baker Colin R.
Published: January 2017

A half century of leader-member exchange research suggests that leaders share high- or low-quality relationships with members. However, these binary shortcuts dissolve the complexity of what is actually exchanged between leader and member. Therefore, a communicative view of these special dyadic relationships is forwarded, suggesting that leader-member relationships are a byproduct of, and produced through, concrete and continuous communicative exchanges. This scholarship answers long-standing calls for enhanced theoretical precision in parceling out the literal exchanges that take place between leader and member. Based on the results of focus groups and two self-report surveys, scales are developed to measure various dimensions of leader communicative behavior that may facilitate or hinder relationship development and maintenance. Group-level implications are discussed.
Prevalence and Health Care–Seeking Behavior for Childhood Diarrheal Disease in Bangladesh
Authors: Sarker Abdur Razzaque , Sultana Marufa , Mahumud Rashidul Alam , Sheikh Nurnabi , Van Der Meer Robert , Morton Alec
Published: January 2017

In Bangladesh, the burden of diarrheal diseases is significant among children <5 years old. The objective of this study is to capture the prevalence of and health care–seeking behavior for childhood diarrheal diseases (CDDs) and to identify the factors associated with CDDs at a population level in Bangladesh. We use a logistic regression approach to model careseeking based on individual characteristics. The overall diarrhea prevalence among children <5 years old was found to be 5.71%. Some factors found to significantly influence the health care–seeking pattern were age and sex of the children, nutritional score, age and education of mothers, wealth index, and access to electronic media. The health care service could be improved through working in partnership with public facilities, private health care practitioners, and community-based organizations, so that all strata of the population get equitable access in cases of childhood diarrhoea.
Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified
Authors: Broccoli Alessandro , Zinzani Pier Luigi
Published: January 2017

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, is a broad category of biologically and clinically heterogeneous diseases that cannot be further classified into any other of the existing entities defined by the World Health Organization classification. Anthracycline-containing regimens, namely cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP), nowadays represent the standard first-line treatment; for patients who achieve a satisfactory response, a consolidation by means of autologous stem cell transplantation may offer a greater chance of long-term survival. Several patients, however, display treatment refractoriness or relapse soon after obtaining a response, and just a few of them are suitable transplant candidates. This is why several new agents, with innovative mechanisms of action, have been investigated in this context: pralatrexate, romidepsin, belinostat, and brentuximab vedotin have been approved for relapsed and refractory peripheral T-cell lymphomas based on their activity, although they do not significantly affect survival rates. The incorporation of such new drugs within a CHOP backbone is under investigation to enhance response rates, allow a higher proportion of patients to be transplanted in remission, and prolong survival.
Activation of PPARγ by endogenous prostaglandin J2 mediates the antileukemic effect of selenium in murine leukemia
Authors: Finch Emily R. , Tukaramrao Diwakar B. , Goodfield Laura L. , Quickel Michael D. , Paulson Robert F. , Prabhu K. Sandeep
Published: January 2017

Key Points

Endogenous CyPG PGJ2 targets LSCs through PPARγ activation. Selenium supplementation could serve as an adjunct therapy for CML.
Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma: the many-faced lymphoma
Authors: Lunning Matthew A. , Vose Julie M.
Published: January 2017

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an uncommon subtype of mature peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL). The history of AITL is much longer and deeper than the literature would suggest given the many names that have preceded it. Advanced-stage disease is common with uncharacteristic laboratory and autoimmune findings that often slow or mask the diagnosis. Significant strides in the immunohistochemical and molecular signature of AITL have brought increased ability to diagnose this uncommon type of PTCL. The 2016 World Health Organization classification of lymphoid neoplasms recently acknowledged the complexity of this diagnosis with the addition of other AITL-like subsets. AITL now resides under the umbrella of nodal T-cell lymphomas with follicular T helper phenotype. Induction strategies continue to focus on increasing complete remission rates that allow more transplant-eligible patients to proceed toward consolidative high-dose therapy and autologous stem cell rescue with improving long-term survival. There are several clinical trials in which recently approved drugs with known activity in AITL are paired with induction regimens with the hope of demonstrating long-term progression-free survival over cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. The treatment of relapsed or refractory AITL remains an unmet need. The spectrum of AITL from diagnosis to treatment is reviewed subsequently in a fashion that may one day lead to personalized treatment approaches in a many-faced disease.
Marker chromosomes can arise from chromothripsis and predict adverse prognosis in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Bochtler Tilmann , Granzow Martin , Stölzel Friedrich , Kunz Christina , Mohr Brigitte , Kartal-Kaess Mutlu , Hinderhofer Katrin , Heilig Christoph E. , Kramer Michael , Thiede Christian , Endris Volker , Kirchner Martina , Stenzinger Albrecht , Benner Axel , Bornhäuser Martin , Ehninger Gerhard , Ho Anthony D. , Jauch Anna , Krämer Alwin
Published: January 2017

Key Points

Marker chromosomes are frequently found in AML, particularly among aneuploid adverse-risk karyotypes and confer a poor prognosis. About one-third of marker and ring chromosome karyotypes arise from chromothripsis.
Detectable clonal mosaicism in blood as a biomarker of cancer risk in Fanconi anemia
Authors: Reina-Castillón Judith , Pujol Roser , López-Sánchez Marcos , Rodríguez-Santiago Benjamín , Aza-Carmona Miriam , González Juan Ramón , Casado José Antonio , Bueren Juan Antonio , Sevilla Julián , Badel Isabel , Català Albert , Beléndez Cristina , Dasí María Ángeles , Díaz de Heredia Cristina , Soulier Jean , Schindler Detlev , Pérez-Jurado Luis Alberto , Surrallés Jordi
Published: January 2017

Key Points

Fanconi anemia patients have exacerbated cytogenetic clonal mosaicism as detected by molecular karyotyping of blood DNA with SNP assays. Bone marrow clonal abnormalities can be detected in blood DNA and used as biomarkers of cancer risk and poor prognosis.
Long-term consequences of topical dexamethasone treatment during acute corneal HSV-1 infection on the immune system
Authors: Chucair-Elliott Ana J , Carr Meghan M , Carr Daniel J J
Published: January 2017

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a leading cause of neurotrophic keratitis (NTK). NTK is characterized by decreased corneal sensation from damage to the corneal sensory fibers. We have reported on the regression of corneal nerves and their function during acute HSV-1 infection. That nerve loss is followed by an aberrant process of nerve regeneration during the latent phase of infection that lacks functional recovery. We recently showed the elicited immune response in the infected cornea, and not viral replication itself, is part of the mechanism responsible for the nerve degeneration process after infection. Specifically, we showed infected corneas topically treated with dexamethasone (DEX) significantly retained both structure and sensitivity of the corneal nerve network in comparison to mice treated with control eye drops, consistent with decreased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and reduced influx of macrophages and CD8+ T cells into the cornea. This study was undertaken to analyze the long-term effect of such a localized, immunosuppressive paradigm (DEX drops on the cornea surface during the first 8 d of HSV-1 infection) on the immune system and on corneal pathology. We found the profound immunosuppressive effect of DEX on lymphoid tissue was sustained in surviving mice for up to 30 d postinfection (p.i.). DEX treatment had prolonged effects, preserving corneal innervation and its function and blunting neovascularization, as analyzed at 30 d p.i. Our data support previously reported observations of an association between the persistent presence of inflammatory components in the latently infected cornea and structural and functional nerve defects in NTK.