bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tool for Evaluating the Application of Good Practices for Customer Services in a Water Utility
Authors: Jourdain Jean-Loup
Published: March 2024

The Water and Sanitation Division (INE/WSA) of the IADB is developing tools to assist operators of water companies in the identification and adoption of best practices in various management areas. At the request of various operators, the Bank has decided to develop a tool for evaluating customer management practices in use by water and sewerage utilities. The tool, presented here, is an Excel program, using macros in Visual Basic, and designed to be "freestanding".
South-South Remittances: The Costa Rica Nicaragua Corridor
Authors: Monge-González Ricardo , Céspedes-Torres Oswald , Vargas-Aguilar Juan Carlos
Published: March 2024

Migration, while certainly not new, is on the increase all over the world. Indeed, the United Nations estimates that from 1990 to 2000 alone, the number of people who left their countries of origin rose by 14 percent, from 154 million to 175 million. The phenomenon is not only growing, but is having an impact on the economies of sending countries and receiving countries alike. The effect is visible in the labor market, income distribution, poverty, economic growth, and such areas as gender, health, education and human rights. In particular, remittances (money that immigrants send to friends or family in their countries of origin) have been growing rapidly throughout the world since the mid-1990s. Official figures in many developing countries show that these currency flows bring in more income than both foreign direct investment (FDI) and international development aid. Studies performed so far in Latin America show that remittance flows have a significant although moderate impact on economic and social development in receiving countries. However, these studies have failed to consider differences associated with the origin of remittances (i.e., North-South remittances versus South-South remittances). They implicitly assume that the impact of remittances is unaffected by the type of corridor through which they come. This document discuss that this assumption could prove to be mistaken if the socioeconomic profile of migrants is directly associated with the country to which they migrate and the kinds of opportunities they find for employment and compensation so as to send money home to families or friends.
Labor Market Reforms in Latin America: Consequences and Costs
Authors: Cox Edwards Alejandra
Published: March 2024

This paper has been prepared for the Inter-American Development Bank roundtable Consulta de San Jose 2007. It examines more efficient forms of regulating the labor market in Latin America. To that aim, I first provide a simple framework for analyzing the effects of labor market re-regulation on wages, employment, earnings and the return to capital. Second, I analyze, from a comparative perspective, the extent to which labor markets have been distorted and regulated in Latin America. In particular, I use recent indexes constructed by various organizations and scholars to evaluate whether the Latin American countries have a higher degree of labor market distortions than other regions and groups of countries. And third, I use existing models and estimates on labor markets¿ behavior to provide computations of the costs and benefits of three specific (potential) labor market reforms in Latin America.
Policy Options for Incremental Housing: Report on a Practice Workshop and Round Table Policy Discussion
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

Two recent longitudinal field studies of incremental housing were financed by the IDB. The studies' findings describe the building strategies of households over time and compare settlement types to reach conclusions. El Salvador's 40 years of experience with incremental housing is a particularly important and rich laboratory, which offers a valuable opportunity for international housing practitioners to see firsthand the many facets and lessons in conjunction with the study results. IDB therefore organized a workshop in San Salvador during November of 2011 to discuss results in the field and exchange ideas with local practitioners and policymakers on how programs can form part of national housing policy.
Knowledge Capture Interview
Authors: García Ferro Luz Ángela , Luna Elba N. , Rodríguez Lorena , Van Waesberghe Micha , Vásquez Jordán Darinka
Published: March 2024

This document provides information about the Knowledge Capture Interview, one of the methods used within the Bank's cycle to learn from experience. Specifically, it is a `learning after doing' technique that helps teams identify and share what worked and what hasn't worked, so that others within their family of projects (country, sector, or subsector portfolio) can take advantage of what has been learned.
Forecasting Inflation Risks in Latin America: A Technical Note
Authors: Mariscal Rodrigo , Powell Andrew
Published: March 2024

There are many sources of inflation forecasts for Latin America. The International Monetary Fund, Latin Focus, the Economist Intelligence Unit and other consulting companies all offer inflation forecasts. However, these sources do not provide any probability measures regarding the risk of inflation. In some cases, Central Banks offer forecast and probability analyses but typically their models are not fully transparent. This technical note attempts to develop a relatively homogeneous set of methodologies and employs them to estimate inflation forecasts, probability distributions for those forecasts and hence probability measures of high inflation. The methodologies are based on both parametric and non-parametric estimation. Results are given for five countries in the region that have inflation targeting regimes.
Financing Universal Social Security in Mexico
Authors: Antón Arturo , Hernández Trillo Fausto
Published: March 2024

The proposal by Levy (2008) whereby a universal social insurance (USI) scheme is guaranteed to all workers, regardless of formality status, aims at abolishing the current contributory social insurance system and financing social insurance through value-added taxes instead (henceforth, the social security reform). We argue that this is a major reform as it breaks down the duality present in social insurance policy in Mexico and other Latin American countries and put an end to both informality and the truncated welfare state problem, in the sense that all workers would be covered by the same regulations with regard to social insurance. The model is calibrated for the Mexican economy, as this country is characterized by a large informal sector, high rates of tax evasion, and a knotty tax system, including differentiated rates on value-added taxes. In particular, we estimate the hypothetical cost of such scheme for 2008 as well as the extra revenues generated after imposing a uniform VAT rate of 16 percent. These calculations are based on a static general equilibrium model, which takes into account the change in firms¿ behavior in a tax evasion framework. The results suggest that the USI scheme is financially viable, even after taking into account a compensatory transfer to poor households as a result of the VAT increase. In addition, real wages in the formal sector might increase by 15 percent as a result of USI. This number should be interpreted as an upper bound estimate, given that the model assumes an inelastic labor supply.
Coastal Setbacks in Latin America and the Caribbean: A Study of Emerging Issues and Trends that Inform Guidelines for Coastal Planning and Development
Authors: Mercer Clarke Colleen S.L. , Clarke Alexander J. , Simpson Murray , Clarke John D. , Scott Daniel
Published: March 2024

Bank investments in tourism and other coastal development projects have been on the rise, generating an interest in the development of instruments and tools that would more effectively inform Bank staff on critical issues, and support the management of the environmental and social risks of the Bank's portfolio. Coastal areas, which are home to the majority of the population of the LAC Region, are challenged by rising populations, sprawling and sometimes unplanned development, and the associated pressures of pollution, overexploitation of marine and freshwater resources, loss of biodiversity, severe storms, and the longer-term threats of climate change and attendant sea level rise.
Dominican Republic Environmental and Social Safeguards Issues Paper: Upstreaming Environmental and Social Risk Management
Authors: Redwood John
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this technical note is to identify key environment and safeguard-related risks and opportunities that should be taken into account in the new Country Strategy for the Dominican Republic (DR) as required by the IDB's Environment and Safeguard Policy approved in January 2006. Section A.6 of this document affirms that "the Bank will seek to identify early on potentially highly sensitive programs / projects considered for possible Bank financing in its operational programming documents, including Country Strategies, in order to plan for possible courses of action to manage risks." It goes on to state that "the Bank will take into account the country environmental analysis or other assessments from environmental due diligence processes at the stage of project / program identification, to assess early on potentially significant environmental risks and opportunities."
Environmental and Social, Health and Safety Management System ESHSMS: Small Hotels and Resorts
Authors: Arneson Lynn , Hoagland-Grey Hilary , Ward Natasha
Published: March 2024

When investing in small and mid-size hotel projects, the IDB, as a general rule, requires that the Sponsor develop and implement an environmental and social management system (ESHSMS). The ESHSMS is typically developed after completion of the Environmental Assessment Process which, depending on the project, would include development of either an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or an Environmental and Social Analysis (ESA). An ESHSMS is a framework developed to identify and manage environmental and social aspects of each principal phase of project development (i.e., siting and design, construction, and operation). Development of an ESHSMS ensures environmental and social issues associated with each phase of the project are identified, evaluated, and managed in a systematic way, and that management of those issues is integrated into every aspect of the project.
The Progressive Housing Program in Chile: 1990-2002
Authors: Greene Margarita
Published: March 2024

The present study reviews the recent Chilean experience in the design and execution of the Progressive Housing Program initiated in 1990 and its recent evolution towards the programs: Solidarity Housing Fund (Fondo Solidario de Vivienda) and Dynamic Social House without Debt (Vivienda Social Dinámica sin Deuda). This experience confronts many of the key themes identified in the previous paragraphs and its analysis provides significant lessons for the design and execution of similar programs in other countries of the region. The study explores the evolution of the Chilean housing policies in support of the progressive construction of housing starting in the 1950s, but concentrating on the experience of the last twelve years of execution of the Progressive Housing Program. Additionally, it analyzes the operative mechanisms used, document quantitative results in terms of numbers of houses supported and the qualitative results comparing the current situation of housing subdivisions and specific homes with the initial solution received from the program.
Evaluating the impact of Land Administration Programs on agricultural productivity and rural development
Authors: Gignoux Jérémie , Macours Karen , Wren-Lewis Liam
Published: March 2024

Investment in land administration projects is often considered key for agricultural productivity and rural development. The evidence on such interventions is however remarkably mixed. This paper discusses a number of challenges and derives related guidelines for the impact evaluation of land administration programs. We focus on four types of challenges: 1) a conceptual challenge related to the need to unbundle property rights and to establish the plausible causal chain for land administration interventions; 2) the existence of other binding constraints on productivity, implying the need to consider the complementarity between property rights and other productive interventions; 3) methodological challenges related to the causal identification of the impacts of such interventions; 4) practical and operational challenges for good impact evaluation on land administration, which are often operationally complex and politically sensitive. The paper is specifically written with a focus on land administration projects in Latin America, and draws from experiences and lessons learned from impact evaluations designed for the IDB, and other donors-funded land administration projects in the region.
Water Security and Services in The Caribbean
Authors: Cashman Adrian
Published: March 2024

This paper provides an overview of the major factors influencing water security in the Caribbean Region. Given the diversity of the region, this will necessarily entail a "broad brush" approach; to balance this, case studies are used to illustrate some of the points being made. A broad outline of the state of water resources and service provision is given, along with discussions, grouped under four headings, of the factors affecting the supply and demand for the goods and services that water makes available. The potential impact of future changes, such as demographics, climate change, and economics, are also explored.
Climate Change and Water Resources in the Tropical Andes
Authors: Vuille Mathias
Published: March 2024

This paper describes the challenges surrounding current and future water use in the tropical Andes by first reviewing the modern and future projected hydrological cycle and anticipated impacts on environmental services provided by glaciers and wetland vegetation. The discussion then elaborates on the current tensions and conflicts surrounding water use from a social and economic perspective, and ends by focusing on the challenges ahead and looking at possible solutions for more-sustainable and equitable future water use in the region.
Are Conditional Cash Transfers Associated with Lower Labor Supply?: Evidence from Mexico's Oportunidades Over the Period 2000-2010
Authors: Bosch Mariano , Stampini Marco , Bedoya Guadalupe
Published: March 2024

This paper analyzes the correlation between the expansion of the Mexican Conditional Cash Transfer program Oportunidades and the evolution of the labor market over the period 2000-10. We find no evidence of perverse effects. Program expansion was not associated with drops in either labor force participation or wageformality. On the contrary, the expansion of Oportunidades was strongly correlated with a transition from informal wage employment to self-employment for men (by 1.6% and 0.6% of total employment in rural and urban municipalities respectively). These findings suggest that Oportunidades is not creating dependence from social assistance.
Economic Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) of Project Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures: Implementation Guideline
Authors: Dixon John A.
Published: March 2024

This paper provides guidance to Bank staff on how to conduct an expanded, comprehensive economic cost-benefit analysis (CBA) in order to measure net benefits from a project taking both project and environmental factors into account, as required under Directives B.5 and B.9 in the Bank's operational policy OP-703.
Belize's Regional Integration Options
Authors: Bulmer-Thomas Victor
Published: March 2024

In order to thrive, small economies like Belize tend to depend heavily on the external sector to compensate for their limited domestic market. With a population of less than 350,000, Belize is too small to provide a profitable domestic market for producers of goods and services. Considering this reality, successive Belizean governments have recognized that international trade is critical to ensure a sustainable economic development. While trade remains a top priority for Belize, preferential treatment of its exports to main markets - the US and the European Union - is progressively eroding. One way for Belize to mitigate the impact of diminishing preferences to traditional markets is to participate effectively in integration schemes with its neighbors in Latin America and the Caribbean in order to maximize benefits from economic integration and functional cooperation. The objective of this study is to re-evaluate the potential of integration into the three regions to which Belize belongs: the Caribbean, Central America and Mexico. The paper suggests that Belize is not fully integrated into any of the three regions despite forty years of membership in CARICOM and close geographical proximity to Central America and Mexico. The study presents an analysis of the reasons, both economic and political, for the limitations of close integration with the three regions. It concludes by recommending a strategic policy mix of integration initiatives that would provide the greatest economic and social benefits for Belize.
From Cybersecurity to Cybercrime: A Framework for Analysis and Implementation
Authors: García Zaballos Antonio , González Herranz Félix
Published: March 2024

This technical note outlines a framework for the analysis of cybersecurity, presenting considerations that are crucial to the success of a holistic and transversal cybersecurity strategy. It describes two essential pieces of the analysis: the broadband ecosystem and the basic terminology and concepts of cybersecurity systems. These two pieces serve as a basis for the introduction and description of five Priority Action Pillars (PAPs), which represent five clear lines of action that any government should embrace and implement in developing an effective cybersecurity strategy. The five PAPs are complemented by four horizontal recommendations that encompass a comprehensive cybersecurity analysis framework.
Transport Sector in Belize
Authors: McNish Brian , Granada Isabel
Published: March 2024

This Technical Note was prepared to support the transport sector policy dialogue between the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) and the Government of Belize. The note provides an overview of the main characteristics of the transport sector in Belize and the challenges going forward. The note recommends developing and implementing specific policies and infrastructure investments in the transport system that are necessary to sustain economic growth and to improve the access of the rural and urban poor to jobs and essential services. It also recommends supporting initiatives that open up mutually beneficial transit opportunities with neighboring countries and enables the transport sector to play a more significant role in strengthening disaster preparedness.
Practical Steps for Funding Certification of Tourism Businesses
Authors: Honey Martha , Rome Abigail , Russillo Aimee
Published: March 2024

This guide is part of a series of practical, how-to handbooks on sustainable tourism certification. These handbooks are based on research and reports done by the Center on Ecotourism and Sustainable Development (CESD) and The International Ecotourism Society (TIES) as part of a certification project directed by the Rainforest Alliance and funded by the IDB/MIF.
Follow-up to the Nine Peer Reviews of Competition Law and Policy of Latin American Countries
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

A central feature of the annual Latin American Competition Forum (LACF), organised by the OECD and the IDB, is the peer review of a country's competition law and policy. In this voluntary process, countries submit their competition law and policy for substantive review by their international peers, with the aim of identifying recommendations to strengthen the institutions and improve economic performance. Thus far, nine Latin American countries have been evaluated in this way: Chile in 2003 and 2010, Peru and Mexico1 in 2004, Brazil in 2005 and 2010, Argentina in 2006, El Salvador in 2008, Colombia in 2009, Panama in 2010 and Honduras in 2011. The present report includes an analysis of the peer reviews of the nine countries, it concentrates on two themes: the impact of the authority's work in pro-competitive regulatory reforms, and its case prioritisation and selection criteria. Additionally, the report summarises the questionnaire responses and reflects on the original peer review recommendations, and sets these out in two sections. The first section discusses the thematic conclusions arising from a global analysis of the responses. The second summarises the responses on a country-by-country basis.
Conditions for Improving the Property Tax in the Bahamas: Final Report
Authors: Forde Wayne , Glenday Graham , Kelly Roy
Published: March 2024

The report present an overview and performance of the revenue base of the Bahamas exploring the nature and seriousness of the emerging public debt build up. It analyzes the existing tax structures and reforms presenting policy and administrative recommendations for improving revenue yield as well as the property tax policies and administration to identify recommendations for improving property tax revenue yield, equity and efficiency in the Bahamas.
Entrepreneurs in Latin America
Authors: Veneri Federico , Aboal Diego
Published: March 2024

This technical note uses data from a new survey that collected information on entrepreneurs and their businesses in nine Latin American countries, with the objective of determining the relevant characteristics that define the different types of Latin American entrepreneurs. In particular, it analyzes personality traits and socio-demographic attributes. The results show that different types of entrepreneurs are associated with different personality traits and socio-demographic characteristics. The typical Latin American entrepreneur-employer has the following measured characteristics considered "above the mean": male, history of parent-entrepreneurs, financial access, and some specific personality traits (i.e., achievement-oriented, multitaskers, show a high tolerance for risk, and the need for autonomy). Potential entrepreneurs and self-employed individuals have some different characteristics. When countries are analyzed separately, heterogeneities are found, showing indirect evidence of the relevance of political-institutional, sociocultural, and other environment-related factors as determinants of entrepreneurship.
Evaluation of Passenger Comfort in Bus Rapid Transit Systems
Authors: Batarce Marco , Raveau Sebastian , Muñoz Juan Carlos , Ortúzar Juan de Dios , Mojica Carlos , Ríos Flores Ramiro Alberto
Published: March 2024

Passenger crowding is one of the main problems in Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems. This document presents an analysis and valuation of passenger crowding in two Latin American BRT systems. First, there is a literature review on methods for valuation of crowding in public transportation. Second, there is a summary with the main characteristics of the mass transport systems of Bogota (Transmilenio) and Santiago de Chile (Transantiago). Third, the report shows the survey design for the stated preference scenarios, describes the collected information and presents the model estimation and key results. Finally the report discusses and analyzes policies for improving comfort level in the BRT systems.
Comparative Case Studies of Three IDB-supported Urban Transport Projects: Cali Case Study Annex
Authors: Scholl Lynn , Guerrero Alejandro
Published: March 2024

This case study presents the main findings and lessons learned from implementing a BRT system in Cali, to inform a larger comparative case study evaluation of IDB-supported integrated mass transit projects. The case study seeks to identify factors that affected success and created challenges and barriers to effective implementation of the Cali system. In addition, it assesses the extent to which the project delivered on key objectives: improving mobility and access for the general public, and particularly for low-income populations, and reducing local and global pollution.
Challenges and Opportunities for the Energy Sector in the Eastern Caribbean: Saint Kitts and Nevis Energy Dossier
Authors: Gischler Christiaan , Espinasa Ramón , Janson Nils , Humpert Malte
Published: March 2024

This Energy Dossier is part of a series of publications produced by the Energy Division of the Infrastructure and Environment Department of the Inter-American Development Bank. It is designed to increase the knowledge base about the composition and organization of the energy sector of Latin American and Caribbean countries. Each dossier describes the energy matrix of the country under analysis and then dives deeply into the institutional organization and regulatory framework of the energy sector in that country. This series is an important contribution to the understanding of the energy sector of the Eastern Caribbean countries, as many projects providing comparable information have been carried out in this part of the hemisphere.
Energy Dossier: Brazil
Authors: Espinasa Ramón , Anaya Fernando , Bonzi Teixeira Augusto
Published: March 2024

This Energy Dossier is part of a series of publications produced by the Energy Division of the Infrastructure and Energy Department of the Inter-American Development Bank. It is designed to increase the knowledge base about the composition and organization of the energy sector of Latin American and Caribbean countries. Each dossier describes the energy matrix of the country under analysis and then dives deeply into the institutional organization and regulatory framework of the energy sector in that country.
Study of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation Ecosystems in the Latin American Pacific Alliance Countries: Country Analysis: Mexico
Authors:   Multilateral Investment Fund,   Fundación Ecología y Desarrollo
Published: March 2024

This report sets out to present some of the highlights from a more in depth study carried out on social entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystems in Mexico.
Study of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation Ecosystems in South East and East Asian Countries: Case Study: Daichi wo Mamoru Kai, Japan
Authors:   Multilateral Investment Fund,   Japan Research Institute
Published: March 2024

This report consolidates the key findings from a series of in-depth country-level studies on social entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystems in Japan, presenting the case study of Daichi wo Mamoru Kai. DAICHI WO MAMORUKAI (Daichi) is a pioneer in home deliveries of organic agricultural food and serves as a prime example of a Japanese social enterprise that has steadily grown over four decades.
Study of Social Entrepreneurship and Innovation Ecosystems in South East and East Asian Countries: Case Study: Travelers' Map, Korea
Authors:   Multilateral Investment Fund,   Japan Research Institute
Published: March 2024

This report consolidates the key findings from a series of in-depth country-level studies on social entrepreneurship and innovation ecosystems in Korea, presenting the case study of Travelers' Map.
Exchange Rate Devaluation and Import Substitution in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Pierola Martha Denisse , Sánchez-Navarro Dennis , Mesquita Moreira Mauricio
Published: March 2024

This paper assesses the LAC's import substitution response to the recent wave of currency devaluations. For this purpose, this document uses both descriptive data and a simple econometric model to establish the short-term relationship between exchange rate movements and import penetration (total and within manufacturing sector) in the region, with a special focus on those countries that had experienced the largest depreciations. The results suggest that there is a significant relationship between depreciation and the decrease in import penetration, indicating that a 1% increase in the local currency depreciation reduces the IP by 0.41% to 0.69% and varies in those sectors with a stronger presence of domestic production.
Switching from Payroll Taxes to Corporate Income Taxes
Authors: Bernal Raquel , Eslava Marcela
Published: March 2024

The Colombian 2012 tax reform reduced payroll taxes and employer contributions to health insurance by 13.5%, while also increasing corporate income taxes, and leaving untouched the benefits to workers financed through these taxes. Shifting taxation from formal employment to other business activities is a policy recipe under heated discussion in Latin America. In this context, the reform offers an ideal laboratory to study empirically the potential distortions against formal employment associated with payroll taxes in contrast to other taxes to firms. Using monthly firm-level data on all formal employment in the country, and a difference-in-difference approach that takes advantage of the fact that a few sectors were exempt from the 2012 tax reform, we analyze the impact of the reform on employment and wages. We find a positive average effect of 4.3% on employment and of 2.7% on average firm wage, for the average firm. The employment effect is identified only for micro and small firms, while we do not find a significant employment effect for medium and large firms, where the bulk of the employment is concentrated. According to these estimates, between January and May of 2015 about 145K new jobs were created by virtue of the reform. Though our findings on employment are less robust than those on wages, they are generally supportive of efforts to reduce payroll taxes, which are still high in the country. Since the apparent lack of effect for medium and large employers may be due to these firms being more sensitive to the increase in corporate taxation that financed the reduction in payroll taxes, our results also raise concerns about this particular way of financing the reform, especially formedium and large firms, which according to our data represent 70% of formal employment.
Una guía simple para la certificación del turismo sostenible y el ecoturismo
Authors: Bien Amos
Published: March 2024

Esta guía sobre certificación está diseñada para quienes han escuchado sobre la certificación de turismo sostenible y ecoturismo y quieren entender cómo funciona o cómo iniciar el proceso.
China y América Latina: Nuevos Enfoques sobre Cooperación y Desarrollo: ¿Una Segunda Ruta de la Seda?
Authors: Moneta Carlos , Cesarin Sergio M.
Published: March 2024

La iniciativa de realizar esta publicación surgió por varios motivos. En primer lugar, China despierta en nosotros la curiosidad que nos impulsa -de manera incisiva- a explorar temáticas poco difundidas y que ocupan, probablemente, espacio marginal en las agendas domésticas y regionales de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC). Curiosidad intelectual que, como resultado de incontables reuniones y encuentros con respetados colegas chinos en Beijing, Shanghai, incluso Europa, nos llevó a suponer de manera temprana y correcta que se abriría un nuevo capítulo en las relaciones China-América Latina ante las nuevas condiciones de poder económico y político mundiales, la posición de China en el sistema internacional y la recuperación de la senda del crecimiento latinoamericano. Hoy, verificamos que nuestra presunción era acertada.
Consideraciones básicas para la construcción de un alcance común en iniciativas orientadas a la simplificación de trámites empresariales
Authors:   Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo
Published: March 2024

El segundo de cuatro documentos-productos de la Consultoría contratada por el FOMIN, el presente texto tiene como pretensión lograr una base conceptual única para abordar el análisis de proyectos de simplificación específicamente orientados al sector empresarial y la futura construcción de un sistema de monitoreo asociados a indicadores técnicos que permitan la comparabilidad de alcances y resultados, todo ello a partir de elementos jurídicos, fácticos y técnicos analizados transversalmente en los países-objetivo, todo ello como base para avanzar en la construcción de una línea técnica útil para organismos cooperantes, entidades ejecutoras y beneficiarios finales de las estrategias en la materia.
Descentralización en Bolivia
Authors: Zapata Juan Antonio
Published: March 2024

Este estudio de descentralización contiene un inventario de la situación actual, de la Asamblea Consituyente. de las limitaciones y alternativas para la descentralización en Bolivia.
El camino hacia el poder: Ministras latinoaméricanas 1950-2007
Authors: Vega Gabriela , Luna Elba N. , Roza Vivian
Published: March 2024

Este trabajo tiene el doble propósito de documentar y analizar el destacado progreso de las ministras latinoamericanas, siguiendo la ruta de su crecimiento en el tiempo, por países y sectores, y de servir de homenaje a todas las mujeres que han desempeñado cargos ministeriales en América Latina.
Entrando al mundo del trabajo: Resultados de seis proyectos entra21
Authors: Lasida Javier , Rodríguez Ernesto
Published: March 2024

Desde su fundación en 1990, la Fundación Internacional para la Juventud (IYF), ha promovido una estrategia de desarrollo juvenil que valora el fortalecimiento de las pacidades de los jóvenes, para que lleguen a ser iudadanos comprometidos y productivos. Entra 21 es una parte integral del trabajo de IYF, proporcionando habilidades para la vida, capacitación técnica y apoyo a jóvenes en desventaja entre los 16 a 29 años en América Latina y el Caribe.
Industrias culturales basadas en redes distribuidas
Authors: Casacuberta David
Published: March 2024

Este informe describe el paradigma de las redes sociales distribuidas y de las posiblidades que éstas ofrecen para potenciar los diferentes sectores de las industrias culturales en Latinoamérica y Caribe.
Resumen de la ejecución de los compromisos ambientales y sociales del proyecto CAMISEA
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

El proyecto de extracción de gas y construcción de ductos de Camisea es uno de los proyectos de infraestructura energética mas importante de América Latina y se espera que represente una importante contribución al desarrollo económico del Perú, generando empleos e incrementado en forma significativa el nivel de vida en el país
Informe Andino No. 1 (2002)
Authors: Herzka Claudio , Araoz Mercedes
Published: March 2024

La Comunidad Andina de Naciones que comprende a Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Perú y Venezuela, entra en el año 2002 en un proceso de definiciones que pueden ser centrales para su eventual participación activa, no sólo en la posible conformación de una zona de libre comercio con los países del MERCOSUR, sino también, en la configuración del Area de Libre Comercio de las Américas (ALCA).
Evaluación de impacto ambiental: Café en el Parque Nacional Bahuaja Sonene
Authors: Rodríguez Zevallos Miguel
Published: March 2024

Con la finalidad de contribuir al desarrollo económico y empresarial de diversas comunidades del ámbito de las áreas protegidas y/o sus zonas de amortiguamiento, MEDA/Perú ejecuta el proyecto Encadenamientos productivos sostenibles en áreas naturales protegidas en el Perú, en cuatro áreas priorizadas (Reserva Nacional Tambopata, Parque Nacional Bahuaja Sonene, Reserva Nacional Salinas y Aguada Blanca y Santuario Nacional Los Manglares de Tumbes), financiado por el Fondo Multilateral de Inversiones (FOMIN) del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo (BID) y por MEDA/Perú. El presente documento presenta los resultados de la Evaluación Ambiental de la producción de café, incluyendo sus procesos productivos, transformación y comercialización, en la zona de amortiguamiento del área natural protegida Parque Nacional Bahuaja Sonene (PNBS). A través de recopilación de información secundaria, visitas de campo y observación directa, se identifican nueve potenciales impactos ambientales en el PNBS, de los cuales dos (erosión de suelo y pérdida de nutrientes del suelo) se pueden atribuir directamente a los beneficiarios del proyecto. Finalmente, el autor ofrece un conjunto de medidas de mitigación para evitar dichos impactos así como un plan de monitoreo.
Globalización, federalismo y tributación
Authors: Rezende Fernando
Published: March 2024

El objetivo del presente trabajo es examinar las consecuencias tributarias de la integración económica en el caso específico de los países que adoptan una forma federal de organización. Por lo tanto, un breve comentario sobre el proceso de armonización fiscal en las uniones económicas precede al análisis de las consecuencias de la globalización en la autonomía federativa y el equilibrio regional. Este, a su vez, es el telón de fondo en que se apoya la propuesta de un nuevo federalismo fiscal capaz de conciliar las necesidades de la armonización impositiva con las exigencias de eficiencia económica y cooperación intergubernamental. Al final, se presentan algunas reflexiones sobre el futuro, a título de conclusión.
Guía de buenas prácticas en auditoría aduanera
Authors:   Inter American Development Bank
Published: March 2024

El presente trabajo surge del proyecto de cooperación técnica ATN/FG-9357-RG del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo relativo al Estudio de Casos Relevantes y Actuales en Política Fiscal y Administraciones Tributaria y Aduanera. Su objetivo es promover el conocimiento de mejores prácticas en materia de auditoría aduanera. Para el establecimiento de una estructura adecuada de controles aduaneros debe tenerse en cuenta que es necesario una adaptación de la Aduana a la nueva realidad internacional. En los últimos años la Aduana está asistiendo a un cambio sustancial en el panorama internacional. Además del incremento de los tradicionales controles por motivos sanitarios, tráfico de especies protegidas, patrimonio cultural, propiedad intelectual, entre otros, se ha detectado la necesidad de aumentar la seguridad en las transacciones de mercancías y movimientos de personas en el ámbito internacional con motivo de las amenazas y los ataques terroristas.
El turismo en América Latina y el Caribe y la experiencia del BID
Authors: Altés Carmen
Published: March 2024

El presente informe destaca la relevancia adquirida por el turismo en el debate internacional sobre desarrollo sostenible, presenta datos sobre la demanda turística y la contribución del turismo a la economía de los países prestatarios del Banco e incluye un breve diagnóstico del sector a nivel regional. Asimismo, por primera vez, se publican datos agregados sobre las actividades del grupo BID en turismo en el periodo 1969-2005, incluyendo lecciones aprendidas. El documento no pretende ser exhaustivo, sino crear conciencia sobre la importancia del sector en los países de la región y los retos que enfrentan para lograr un desarrollo turístico sostenible y mantener la competitividad en un mercado global. Otro objetivo aquí es situar, en un marco común, la propia actividad del Banco en el sector, que se encuentra repartida entre diferentes departamentos regionales de operaciones y divisiones.
El registro de nacimientos: Consecuencias en relación al acceso a derechos y servicios sociales y a la implementación de programas de reducción de pobreza en 6 países de Latinoamérica
Authors: Bracamonte Bardález Patricia , Ordóñez Bustamante Dwight
Published: March 2024

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo examinar la interacción entre la falta de registro de nacimiento y/o de cédula de identidad y el acceso a beneficios y programas sociales en niño(as) y personas adultas, así como las implicaciones de ello sobre el desarrollo social y económico en diversos países de la Región.
La competitividad industrial de América Latina y el desafio de la globalización
Authors: Lall Sanjaya , Albaladejo Manuel , Mesquita Moreira Mauricio
Published: March 2024

La producción industrial en la región de América Latina y el Caribe (ALC) se enfrenta a una competencia muy severa e intensa a medida que se integra a la economía global. En líneas generales, la región no está manejando la situación muy bien. A pesar de ser ésta la primera región en el mundo en desarrollo -en la era post guerra- que liberalizó el comercio internacional y los flujos de inversión y ha ostentado la base industrial más avanzada, ha fallado en el adecuado aprovechamiento de las oportunidades que se presentaron. Como resultado ha decrecido regularmente y se ha atrasado respecto de las economías más competitivas en el mundo en desarrollo: los Tigres de Asia del Este. ¿Qué hay detrás del deficiente desempeño de América Latina y el Caribe? El punto de vista que predomina en la región pone énfasis en el legado de la sustitución de importaciones, el mal manejo macroeconómico y el costoso "ambiente comercial". A pesar que estos factores son importantes, no representan la historia en su totalidad. El excesivo énfasis en los "fracasos gubernamentales" ha llevado a los hacedores de política a pasar por alto fracasos de mercado claves, obstaculizando así el crecimiento sostenible de la productividad que incrementa la capacidad tecnológica y una mayor competitividad. Este documento puede considerarse como un primer paso para retomar el tema de los resultados de los debates de política y focalizarse en la clasificación del desempeño y las capacidades competitivas de América Latina y el Caribe y Asia del Este en la década de 1990, dejando que las comparaciones hablen por sí mismas. A pesar que la región tiene conciencia que su reciente desempeño industrial ha sido pobre, las dimensiones no han sido bien analizadas o comprendidas. Este ejercicio de clasificación, que utiliza un marco de referencia simple para medir el desempeño y las capacidades, intenta ser útil e instructivo para el análisis de política.
Proyectos de regularización y administración de tierras: Implicaciones económicas de la regularización y la mejora en la administración de tierras: Evaluación comparativa: Anexo técnico 1
Authors: Ramos Piracoca Johanna , Ramirez-Goldin Ana , Conroy Hector , Tang Li
Published: March 2024

Este documento es el primero de seis informes detallados que acompañan la Evaluación Comparativa de los Proyectos de Regularización y Administración de Tierras llevada a cabo por la Oficina de Evaluación y Supervisión (OVE). Este primer anexo pretende explicar los conceptos principales sobre los temas de administración y regulación de tierras y exponer sus riesgos y beneficios.
Proyectos de regularización y administración de tierras: Estudio de caso Panamá: Evaluación comparativa: Anexo técnico 5
Authors: Ramirez-Goldin Ana , Conroy Hector , Tang Li , Ramos Johanna
Published: March 2024

Este documento es el quinto de seis informes detallados que acompañan la Evaluación Comparativa de los Proyectos de Regularización y Administración de Tierras llevada a cabo por la Oficina de Evaluación y Supervisión (OVE). Este quinto informe evalúa cinco operaciones aprobadas entre 1996 y 2007 enPanamá, en lo relativo a actividades de regularización y administración de tierras. Estas operaciones son: "Proyecto de Administración y Regularización de Tierras, PRONAT" (PN0148); "Programa de catastro de la región metropolitana y modernización de la administración de tierras" (PN-L1018); "Programa de Modernización de los Servicios Agropecuarios, PROMOSA"(PN0032); "Programa de Desarrollo Sostenible del Darién" (PN0116) y "Programa de actividades prioritarias en la Cuenca Hidrográfica del Canal de Panamá" (PN0139).
Diagnóstico de Crecimiento de Paraguay
Authors: Castilleja Vargas Liliana , Garay Armoa Pedro , Lovera Diego
Published: March 2024

En los últimos años Paraguay experimentó un marcado aceleramiento del crecimiento económico, explicado principalmente por el buen desempeño del sector agrícola, y a las exportaciones de materias primas. Dicho crecimiento, sin embargo, ha sido muy volátil considerando la dependencia de factores exógenos como el clima y los precios internacionales.En este estudio, se pudo encontrar que la participación del capital físico es el factor que contribuye en mayor cuantía al crecimiento del PIB y que la contribución del capital humano ha sido pequeña. El crecimiento de la productividad total de factores ha sido decepcionante., si bien tuvo un resultado positivo, su impacto fue relativamente bajo. Con respecto al crecimiento potencial, los resultados indican que la tasa de crecimiento del producto potencial durante el periodo de estudio fue en promedio del 4,9%, similar a la observada. Con respecto a los limitantes del crecimiento económico se observa que los factores son varios. Por un lado, la contribución del capital humano al crecimiento es relativamente baja, posiblemente debido a que una gran parte es absorbida por el sector informal así como a una deficiente calidad de la educación. A su vez, las deficiencias en la inversión requerida en infraestructura originan una desventaja competitiva, lo que limita de manera significativa el crecimiento y la diversificación de la producción. Dada su acotada capacidad de financiar bienes públicos, los recursos destinados por el Estado a la inversión en infraestructura son relativamente bajos. Esto sugiere que podrían aprovecharse oportunidades al abrir la participación del sector privado en dichos proyectos. Adicionalmente, el sistema financiero y el mercado de capital en Paraguay son aún incipientes por lo que se hace necesario desarrollar mecanismos alternativos de financiamiento a largo plazo.
Diagnóstico de crecimiento de Costa Rica
Authors: Beverinotti Javier , Corrales Luis Fernando , Vargas Tatiana , Chang Jorge
Published: March 2024

En el presente documento se lleva a cabo un diagnóstico de crecimiento para el caso de Costa Rica utilizando el marco analítico de Hausmann et. al (2005), para identificar las restricciones más acuciantes al crecimiento económico. El análisis muestra a la infraestructura como una de las principales restricciones, pues el deterioro y poca inversión en obras en la última década restan competitividad a Costa Rica, un país caracterizado por su estrategia de apertura comercial y con una posición geográfica estratégica para el comercio exterior. Por otro lado, la escasez de mano de obra calificada en áreas estratégicas y los pocos encadenamientos productivos de las Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (PyMEs) con grandes transnacionales instaladas en zonas francas (ZF), son restricciones a la atracción de mayores inversiones de alta tecnología y el crecimiento de empresas fuera de regímenes especiales. Por último, el déficit fiscal significa un reto importante al Gobierno de Costa Rica, pues de continuar en la posición actual se podrían llegar a tener desequilibrios macroeconómicos que desincentiven la inversión privada. Finalmente, el documento plantea algunas recomendaciones para atender las restricciones identificadas.
Guía para la contratación de proyectos de inversión en hospitales
Authors: Astorga Ignacio , Cambiasso Ezequiel
Published: March 2024

Los proyectos de inversión en salud, especialmente aquellos relacionados con hospitales, presentan un conjunto de requisitos que deben ser identificados y gestionados de manera adecuada y oportuna. Además, consideran tópicos demográficos, sanitarios, gerenciales, de arquitectura e ingeniería, así como de tipo administrativo y económico. Dadas estas exigencias, la División de Protección Social y Salud del Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo ha estimado pertinente contar con un documento que sirva de guía a los equipos responsables de gestionar estos proyectos. Para ello se ha desarrollado este documento, que incluye los contenidos mínimos para la gestión de proyectos de salud, y se organiza en las siguientes secciones: i) Caracterización del ciclo técnico del proyecto; ii) Autorizaciones nacionales indispensables para la ejecución del proyecto; iii) Asesorías técnicas necesarias para asegurar la calidad de los proyectos; iv) Relación con el Ciclo de Proyectos del BID.