bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantum random number generator with discarding-boundary-bin measurement and multi-interval sampling
Authors: Lu Zhenguo , Liu Jianqiang , Wang Xuyang , Wang Pu , Li Yongmin , Peng Kunchi
Published: March 2021

A quantum random number generator (QRNG) provides a reliable means for the generation of true random numbers. The inherent randomness of the vacuum fluctuations makes the quantum vacuum state a superior source of entropy. However, in practice, the raw sequences of QRNG are inevitably contaminated by classical technical noise, which compromises the security of the QRNG. Min-entropy conditioned on the classical noise is a useful method that can quantify the side-information independent randomness. To improve the extractable randomness from the raw sequences arising from the quantum vacuum-based QRNG, we propose and experimentally demonstrate two approaches, discarding-boundary-bin measurement and multi-interval sampling. The first one increases the conditional min-entropy at a low quantum-to-classical-noise ratio. The latter exploits parallel sampling using multiple analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) and effectively overcomes the finite resolution limit and uniform sampling of a single ADC. The maximum average conditional min-entropy can reach 9.2 per sample when combining these two approaches together in contrast to 6.93 with a single 8-bit ADC.
Topological inverse design of nanophotonic devices with energy constraint
Authors: Zhang Guowu , Xu Dan-Xia , Grinberg Yuri , Liboiron-Ladouceur Odile
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we introduce an energy constraint to improve topology-based inverse design. Current methods typically place the constraints solely on the device geometry and require many optimization iterations to converge to a manufacturable solution. In our approach the energy constraint directs the optimization process to solutions that best contain the optical field inside the waveguide core medium, leading to more robust designs with relatively larger minimum feature size. To validate our method, we optimize two components: a mode converter (MC) and a wavelength demultiplexer. In the MC, the energy constraint leads to nearly binarized structures without applying independent binarization stage. In the demultiplexer, it also reduces the appearance of small features. Furthermore, the proposed constraint improves the robustness to fabrication imperfections as shown in demultiplexer design. With energy constraint optimization, the corresponding spectrum shifts under ±10 nm dimensional variations are reduced by 17% to 30%. The proposed constraint is unique in simultaneously taking both geometry and electric field into account, opening the door to new ideas and insights to further improve the computationally intensive topology-based optimization process of nanophotonic devices.
Wigner function-based modeling and propagation of partially coherent light in optical systems with scattering surfaces
Authors: Lu Xiang , Gross Herbert
Published: March 2021

Light scattering from residual manufacturing errors of optical surfaces has a large impact on the image quality of optical systems. Classical ray-based methods to simulate surface scattering in optical systems depend on statistical models of surface errors and neglect the wave properties of light, which prohibit the integration of statistical surface error models with beam propagation methods. Additionally, the impact of multiple scattering from different frequency components of surface errors cannot be easily modelled by existing methods. Here we analyze the impact of different frequency components of surface errors induced by diamond-turned surface grinding on image quality, and we propose a Wigner function-based approach in which light is modelled as partially coherent. In this unified model, by selecting the proper definition of light coherence, we can combine the statistical and deterministic models of surface errors, enabling efficient, simultaneous simulation of multiple scattering from high- and mid-spatial frequency (HSF and MSF, respectively) surface errors, as well as the interference and edge diffraction of light.
Microwave photonics interrogation for multiplexing fiber Fabry-Perot sensors
Authors: Wu Nishan , Xia Min , Wu Ying , Li Shiyu , Qi Ruiling , Huang Yuhao , Xia Li
Published: March 2021

A microwave photonics interrogation system for multiplexing fiber Fabry–Perot (FP) sensors is demonstrated in this paper. Different from previous FP demodulation schemes, this system aims at quasi-distributed sensing networks composed of FP sensors with a short effective cavity length less than 1 mm. With the help of a dispersion element, the superimposed reflected spectrum from FP sensors based on a hollow core fiber (HCF) can be converted into separate response passbands in the frequency domain simultaneously, whose center frequency will shift linearly with the variations of environment. The experimental results exhibit high linearity and interrogation ability for both the all-FP multiplexing system and hybrid multiplexing system. A strain interrogation sensitivity of 0.938 kHz/µɛ and temperature sensitivity of −0.699 MHz/°C have been realized, corresponding to a FP cavity length demodulation sensitivity of 1.563 MHz/µm. Furthermore, numerical studies about the impacts of the HCF-FP spectrum envelope on the RF response passband, as well as the theoretical minimum detectable cavity length and multiplexing capacity of the system, are also carried out.
Dynamic low-coherence interferometry using a double Fizeau cavity
Authors: Zong Yi , Duan Mingliang , Zhu Rihong , Chen Lei , Li Jianxin
Published: March 2021

The coexistence of anti-vibration and a common optical path is difficult to realize in dynamic Fizeau interferometry. To address this problem, we propose a dynamic low-coherence interferometry (DLI) using a double Fizeau cavity. The DLI method is a new optical model that creatively renders both surfaces of the RM to interfere with the test surface, utilizing a low-coherence source and optical path matching to construct the common-path

p

-polarized Fizeau cavity (

p

-FC) and carrier-frequency

s

-polarized Fizeau cavity (

s

-FC). The relative tilt phases of the

s

-FC are calculated using the carrier frequency interferograms; then the final phase is retrieved with the relative tilt phases and

p

-FC interferograms. The experimental results demonstrate that the DLI method can provide high-precision phase measurement in a vibration environment.
Sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride for Tm:YAIO3 laser operation at 2.3  µm
Authors: Dong Li , Chu Hongwei , Xu Shiping , Zhao Shengzhi , Li Dechun
Published: March 2021

We report on the first, to the best of our knowledge, passive

Q

-switching operation at 2.3 µm passively based on

T
m

:

Y
A
I
O

3

(Tm:YAP)

3

H

4

→

3

H

5

transition with sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride (

g

-

g

C

3

N

4

) as the saturable absorber. Sulfur-doping engineering in

g

-

C

3

N

4

was manifested to enhance its mid-infrared nonlinear saturable absorption characteristics, which was confirmed by the conventional open-aperture

Z

-scan experiment with the excitation at 2.3 µm. The large effective nonlinear absorption coefficient of

S

-

g
C

3

N

4

was determined to be

−

0.68

c
m

/

G
W

, indicating the remarkable MIR optical response. Initiated by

S

-

g
C

3

N

4

, a passively

Q

-switched laser operating at 2274.6 nm was configured with

a

-cut 3.0 at.% Tm:YAP as the gain medium. Stable

Q

-switching pulses were generated with the shortest pulse width of 140 ns, corresponding to the maximum peak power of 21.8 W. The experimental results reveal the effectiveness of sulfur doping to improve the performance of

g

-

C

3

N

4

in the MIR pulse generation.
Addressing the environmental and health impacts of microplastics requires open collaboration between diverse sectors
Authors: Coffin Scott , Wyer Holly , Leapman J. C.
Published: March 2021

Public concern over the environmental and public health impacts of the emerging contaminant class “microplastics” has recently prompted government agencies to consider mitigation efforts. Microplastics do not easily fit within traditional risk-based regulatory frameworks because their persistence and extreme diversity (of size, shape, and chemical properties associated with sorbed chemicals) result in high levels of uncertainty in hazard and exposure estimates. Due to these serious complexities, addressing microplastics’ impacts requires open collaboration between scientists, regulators, and policymakers. Here we describe ongoing international mitigation efforts, with California as a case study, and draw lessons from a similarly diverse and environmentally persistent class of emerging contaminants (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances) that is already disrupting traditional regulatory paradigms, discuss strategies to address challenges associated with developing health-protective regulations and policies related to microplastics, and suggest ways to maximize impacts of research.
Misdiagnosis of scrub typhus as hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and potential co-infection of both diseases in patients in Shandong Province, China, 2013–2014
Authors: Gu Xiao-lan , Qi Rui , Li Wen-qian , Jiao Yong-jun , Yu Hao , Yu Xue-jie
Published: March 2021

Background

Scrub typhus, caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, an obligate intracellular gram-negative bacterium, along with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS), caused by hantaviruses, are natural-focus infectious diseases prevalent in Shandong Province, China. Both diseases have similar clinical manifestations in certain disease stages and similar epidemic seasons, which has caused difficulties for physicians in distinguishing them. The aim of this study was to investigate whether misdiagnosis of scrub typhus as HFRS occurred in patients in Shandong Province.

Methods

Serum samples (N = 112) of clinically suspected HFRS patients from 2013 to 2014 in Shandong Province were analyzed with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antibodies to both hantavirus and Orientia tsutsugamushi.

Results

ELISA showed that 56.3% (63/112) and 8.0% (9/112) of clinically suspected HFRS patients were IgM antibody positive to hantavirus and O. tsutsugamushi, respectively. Among the hantavirus IgM antibody positive patients, 7.9% (5/63) were also IgM antibody positive to O. tsutsugamushi. Among the hantavirus IgM antibody negative sera, 8.2% (4/49) of sera were positive to O. tsutsugamushi.

Conclusions

We concluded that some scrub typhus patients were misdiagnosed as HFRS and co-infection of scrub typhus and HFRS might exist in China. Due to the different treatments for scrub typhus and HFRS, physicians should carefully differentiate between scrub typhus and HFRS and consider administering anti-rickettsia antibiotics if treatment for HFRS alone does not work.
Assessing the contagiousness of mass shootings with nonparametric Hawkes processes
Authors: Boyd Peter , Molyneux James
Published: March 2021

Gun violence and mass shootings are high-profile epidemiological issues facing the United States with questions regarding their contagiousness gaining prevalence in news media. Through the use of nonparametric Hawkes processes, we examine the evidence for the existence of contagiousness within a catalog of mass shootings and highlight the broader benefits of using such nonparametric point process models in modeling the occurrence of such events.
Adaptive dimensionality reduction for neural network-based online principal component analysis
Authors: Migenda Nico , Möller Ralf , Schenck Wolfram
Published: March 2021

“Principal Component Analysis” (PCA) is an established linear technique for dimensionality reduction. It performs an orthonormal transformation to replace possibly correlated variables with a smaller set of linearly independent variables, the so-called principal components, which capture a large portion of the data variance. The problem of finding the optimal number of principal components has been widely studied for offline PCA. However, when working with streaming data, the optimal number changes continuously. This requires to update both the principal components and the dimensionality in every timestep. While the continuous update of the principal components is widely studied, the available algorithms for dimensionality adjustment are limited to an increment of one in neural network-based and incremental PCA. Therefore, existing approaches cannot account for abrupt changes in the presented data. The contribution of this work is to enable in neural network-based PCA the continuous dimensionality adjustment by an arbitrary number without the necessity to learn all principal components. A novel algorithm is presented that utilizes several PCA characteristics to adaptivly update the optimal number of principal components for neural network-based PCA. A precise estimation of the required dimensionality reduces the computational effort while ensuring that the desired amount of variance is kept. The computational complexity of the proposed algorithm is investigated and it is benchmarked in an experimental study against other neural network-based and incremental PCA approaches where it produces highly competitive results.
Estimation of different types of entropies for the Kumaraswamy distribution
Authors: Al-Babtain Abdulhakim A. , Elbatal Ibrahim , Chesneau Christophe , Elgarhy Mohammed
Published: March 2021

The estimation of the entropy of a random system or process is of interest in many scientific applications. The aim of this article is the analysis of the entropy of the famous Kumaraswamy distribution, an aspect which has not been the subject of particular attention previously as surprising as it may seem. With this in mind, six different entropy measures are considered and expressed analytically via the beta function. A numerical study is performed to discuss the behavior of these measures. Subsequently, we investigate their estimation through a semi-parametric approach combining the obtained expressions and the maximum likelihood estimation approach. Maximum likelihood estimates for the considered entropy measures are thus derived. The convergence properties of these estimates are proved through a simulated data, showing their numerical efficiency. Concrete applications to two real data sets are provided.
Intensive versus less-intensive antileukemic therapy in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia: A systematic review
Authors: Chang Yaping , Guyatt Gordon H. , Teich Trevor , Dawdy Jamie L. , Shahid Shaneela , Altman Jessica K. , Stone Richard M. , Sekeres Mikkael A. , Mukherjee Sudipto , LeBlanc Thomas W. , Abel Gregory A. , Hourigan Christopher S. , Litzow Mark R. , Michaelis Laura C. , Alibhai Shabbir M. H. , Desai Pinkal , Buckstein Rena , MacEachern Janet , Brignardello-Petersen Romina
Published: March 2021

To compare the effectiveness and safety of intensive antileukemic therapy to less-intensive therapy in older adults with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and intermediate or adverse cytogenetics, we searched the literature in Medline, Embase, and CENTRAL to identify relevant studies through July 2020. We reported the pooled hazard ratios (HRs), risk ratios (RRs), mean difference (MD) and their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random-effects meta-analyses and the certainty of evidence using the GRADE approach. Two randomized trials enrolling 529 patients and 23 observational studies enrolling 7296 patients proved eligible. The most common intensive interventions included cytarabine-based intensive chemotherapy, combination of cytarabine and anthracycline, or daunorubicin/idarubicin, and cytarabine plus idarubicin. The most common less-intensive therapies included low-dose cytarabine alone, or combined with clofarabine, azacitidine, and hypomethylating agent-based chemotherapy. Low certainty evidence suggests that patients who receive intensive versus less-intensive therapy may experience longer survival (HR 0.87; 95% CI, 0.76–0.99), a higher probability of receiving allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (RR 6.14; 95% CI, 4.03–9.35), fewer episodes of pneumonia (RR, 0.25; 95% CI, 0.06–0.98), but a greater number of severe, treatment-emergent adverse events (RR, 1.34; 95% CI, 1.03–1.75), and a longer duration of intensive care unit hospitalization (MD, 6.84 days longer; 95% CI, 3.44 days longer to 10.24 days longer, very low certainty evidence). Low certainty evidence due to confounding in observational studies suggest superior overall survival without substantial treatment-emergent adverse effect of intensive antileukemic therapy over less-intensive therapy in older adults with AML who are candidates for intensive antileukemic therapy.
Lignosus rhinocerotis Cooke Ryvarden ameliorates airway inflammation, mucus hypersecretion and airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of asthma
Authors: Johnathan Malagobadan , Muhamad Siti Aminah , Gan Siew Hua , Stanslas Johnson , Mohd Fuad Wan Ezumi , Hussain Faezahtul Arbaeyah , Wan Ahmad Wan Amir Nizam , Nurul Asma Abdullah
Published: March 2021

Lignosus rhinocerotisCooke. (L.rhinocerotis) is a medicinal mushroom traditionally used in the treatment of asthma and several other diseases by the indigenous communities in Malaysia. In this study, the effects ofL.rhinocerotison allergic airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness were investigated.L.rhinocerotisextract (LRE) was prepared by hot water extraction using soxhlet. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) study was performed in house dust mite (HDM)-induced asthma in Balb/c mice while airway inflammation study was performed in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced asthma in Sprague-Dawley rats. Treatment with different doses of LRE (125, 250 and 500 mg/kg) significantly inhibited AHR in HDM-induced mice. Treatment with LRE also significantly decreased the elevated IgE in serum, Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and ameliorated OVA-induced histological changes in rats by attenuating leukocyte infiltration, mucus hypersecretion and goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs. LRE also significantly reduced the number of eosinophils and neutrophils in BALF. Interestingly, a significant reduction of the FOXP3+regulatory T lymphocytes was observed following OVA induction, but the cells were significantly elevated with LRE treatment. Subsequent analyses on gene expression revealed regulation of several important genes i.e.IL17A,ADAM33,CCL5,IL4,CCR3,CCR8,PMCH,CCL22,IFNG,CCL17,CCR4,PRG2,FCER1A,CLCA1,CHIAandCma1which were up-regulated following OVA induction but down-regulated following treatment with LRE. In conclusion, LRE alleviates allergy airway inflammation and hyperresponsiveness, thus suggesting its therapeutic potential as a new armamentarium against allergic asthma.
Association of DRD4 exon III and 5-HTTLPR VNTR genetic polymorphisms with psychiatric symptoms in hemodialysis patients
Authors: Alshogran Osama Y. , Al-Eitan Laith N. , Altawalbeh Shoroq M. , Aman Hatem A.
Published: March 2021

Mental illness is prevalent among hemodialysis (HD) patients. Given that the dopaminergic and serotonergic pathways are involved in the etiology of psychiatric disease, this study evaluated the genetic association of dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) and serotonin transporter (SLC6A4) genes with psychiatric symptom susceptibility among HD patients. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to assess anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients (n = 265). Genetic polymorphisms of DRD4 (48 bp VNTR) and SLC6A4 (5-HTTLPR VNTR and rs25531) were examined using a conventional polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique, as appropriate. Significant differences were observed in the distribution of 5-HTTLPR genotypes, SLC6A4 tri-allelic-phased genotype, and DRD4-Exon III VNTR genotypes/alleles between patients with anxiety symptoms versus those with normal/borderline conditions (p<0.05). Binary logistic regression analyses showed that the heterozygous 4,5 VNTR genotype of DRD4 was associated with a higher risk of anxiety symptoms after adjusting for other covariates (odds ratio = 4.25, p = 0.028). None of the studied polymorphisms was linked to depression in HD patients. Collectively, the current findings provide genetic clues to psychopathology in HD patients and suggest that the DRD4 exon III VNTR polymorphism is involved in the etiology of anxiety in this patient population.
Percepción social de las repercusiones paisajísticas de la urbanización dispersa en espacios rurales del entorno litoral mediterráneo
Authors: Mérida Rodríguez Matías , Perles Roselló María Jesús , Sortino Barrionuevo Juan Francisco , Carruana Herrera David
Published: March 2021

Este trabajo se marca como objetivo analizar la percepción de las repercusiones paisajísticas de un fenómeno de gran trascendencia territorial en los entornos litorales mediterráneos: la urbanización dispersa en suelos rurales. Tras la caracterización de los principales rasgos de este proceso territorial y el análisis de la zona de estudio, la comarca de la Axarquía (Málaga), se expondrán los resultados obtenidos a partir de la realización de encuestas a diversos grupos de población residente en estos espacios y en las localidades cercanas, oponiendo particularmente la percepción de diferentes grupos de población local con la de la población extranjera afincada en estas áreas. Se abordará especialmente la percepción de los rasgos paisajísticos de la comarca y la valoración de los cambios producidos, directa o indirectamente, por la proliferación de edificaciones aisladas, profundizando en determinadas variables y componentes paisajísticos. Los resultados reflejan la existencia de una percepción paisajística relativamente sólida favorable a esta dinámica territorial, así como notables disparidades entre las valoraciones realizadas por los diversos grupos de población, especialmente entre los compuestos de población nacional.
Teachers’ Beliefs And Practices Of Cooperative Group Work Assessment: Selected Secondary School Teachers In Focus
Authors:   Arbaminch University, Ethiopia, Gedamu Abate Demissie , Shewangizaw Getu Lemma ,   Arbaminch University, Ethiopia
Published: March 2021

This study aimed to investigate the beliefs and practices of group work assessment of secondary school teachers. For this reason, 213 teachers were selected randomly for a questionnaire survey. In addition, two teachers and five students were selected for interviews and focus group discussions at each site, respectively. A one-sample t-test was applied to analyze the data acquired through the questionnaire while the Pearson product-moment correlation was used to examine the relationship between the beliefs and practices of group work assessment. The data obtained through interviews and focus group discussion (FGD), were analyzed through thematic verbal descriptions. The findings showed favorable teachers’ beliefs towards group work assessment. On the contrary, teachers’ assessment practices were partial with focus on group product, with diminutive or no assessment of group process and individual contribution. Hence, Ethiopian Bureaus should conduct on- job training for teachers on the assessment of group work.
Development of Historical Thought in Primary Education: Analysis of an Intervention in Colombian Schools
Authors:   Los Andes University, Bogotá, Colombia, Palacios Mena Nancy , Bibiana García Cardona Paula ,   Los Andes University, Bogotá, Colombia, Lucía Mosquera María ,   Los Andes University, Bogotá, Colombia, Alarcon Gama Natalia ,   School teacher District of Bogotá, Colombia
Published: March 2021

The main goal of this study was to analyze the development of historical thinking abilities in two groups of fourth graders in Colombian schools. The study consisted of the design, implementation, and evaluation of a three-month pedagogical intervention. After an initial assessment, nine learning activities were implemented. An Intervention Group (IG) received the intervention, while a Control Group (CG) served as a comparison. The assessment comprised three main areas (Historical Sources, Narratives, and Change and Continuity). The results of the intervention indicated that the IG performed better than the CG in the assessment. Introducing concepts that favor historical thinking development such as working with historical sources, identifying change and continuity, and constructing narratives, seems to promote the construction of historical knowledge in a complex way. Pedagogical interventions focused on the development of these concepts provide information on the progression of learning and the ability of children to understand the past.
A Fish Out Of Water: Developing Intercultural Understanding Of Students In Higher Education
Authors:   University of Newcastle, Leggett Nicole
Published: March 2021

Experiential learning is a critical, dynamic and powerful element of learning in Higher Education. Often named international and domestic study trips or study tours, this educational strategy has the potential to transform the lives of students through engagement with another community or culture. This qualitative study explored the effects of experiential learning during a two-week study tour to Italy, involving two groups of students from an Australian University during 2017 and 2018. Students enrolled in the Bachelor of Education (Early Childhood/Primary) degree, who were in their third year of studies, could enrol in the elective course entitled ‘Intercultural Understandings’ which offered four international destinations. The aim of this study tour was to immerse students in the social-cultural facets of life in Italy as well as gain first-hand experience from educators in early childhood centres in Reggio Emilia. Dewey’s (1938) philosophy of education that enabled the learner to not only learn from teachers and texts, but to learn through experience, underpins this study. In addition, a conceptual framework offered by Kolb (2014) provides a tool for analysing and demonstrating the potential of incorporating experiential learning through higher education. Findings from this study, revealing both intentional and incidental learning, support the philosophy that education is to not only educate the mind, but to develop more complex types of intellectual development necessary for effective citizenship.
Self, community and language in the network society
Authors: Szécsi Gábor
Published: March 2021

The article argues that the electronically mediated communication contributes to the construction of new, mediated forms of communities the functions of which to foster communities of interest, information spread, and equality of status all work to enhance social capital, despite their lack of direct physical orientation. The mediated, networked individuals treat these mediated communities as real. Therefore the appearance of these new forms of communities leads to the new conceptualization of the relation between self and community. The essence of community can be regarded as a kind of networked individualism in which the networked individuals can chose their own communities, rather than are fitted into them with others involuntarily. Thus the new, mediated form of community implies an individual-center existence and weaker social ties. The new technologies foster communication links outside the individuals’ immediate social surrounds. The aim of this article is to show that the medium of the mediatization and new conceptualization of community is a specific, pictorial language of electronically mediated communication.
A történelmi interpretáció és az oral history az oktatásban
Authors: Kojanitz László
Published: March 2021

The basis of a correct view of history is for students to critically deal with interpretations of the past for different purposes and genres. Oral history gets students involved in discovering and making history and critically evaluating the stories about the past. Sometimes they encounter conflicts and contradictions that may make them think about their previous views and encourage them to learn even more about the subject. Dealing with eyewitness testimonies make it clear that historical cognition is more than collecting of information and facts. Therefore, the using interviews in history teaching provide a good opportunity to teach and practice methods that can be usefully applied to evaluate other types of historical interpretations as well.
Tankönyvkészítés kihívásai a 21. században
Authors: Kovács Örs
Published: March 2021

On behalf of the Hungarian Catholic Bishops’ Conference (MKKP), under
the direction of the Catholic Pedagogical Institute (KAPI), since July 2018
we have been working on a series of history textbooks for high school
students which also comprises the Christian values. This textbook has been
designed for the new National Curriculum (NAT) and considered only organic
innovations. We have kept several elements of the previous textbooks, but at
the same time new novelties and perspectives have been introduced,
especially in the more thematic approach of the teaching the universal
history. The teacher’s handbook will be an innovation with the answers to
the questions, the recommended methodological processing suggestions given
to the exercises and the tasks for the graduation. All of these would be
supported by digital interface. Our ambition is to support the teachers to
teach easily, and help the students to learn independently.
The activities of the second and third Orbán governments in the first
hundred days
Authors: Nyerges Ádám
Published: March 2021

The subject of the present study is an examination of the activities of
two governments with a two-thirds parliamentary majority. For the past 10
years, it has been these governments with two closed cycles of government
that have had the authority to structurally transform the Hungarian
political system without the involvement of the opposition. The study will
also present the measures taken over the first hundred days, as well as, to
a lesser extent, the political environment of each government and the
predestined goals. The summary also highlights some similarities and
differences in the speed and quality of government work and its
decision-making, which requires a qualified majority.
SMS a menedzsmentben – Gondolatok egy új menedzsmentkoncepcióról a globális válság idején
Authors: Hoványi Gábor
Published: March 2021

1517. október 31-én Luther Márton ágostonrendi szerzetes kiszögezte 95 tézisét Wittemberg templomának kapujára. Ennek meg is lett a foganatja: a pápa egykettőre kiátkozta. Most, hogy nyakig ülünk a globális pénzügyi válságban és eljutottunk az ezt követő globális gazdasági válság küszöbére, érdemes vállalni a kockázatot, és „kiszögezni” ezt a Luther Mártonénál jóval kevesebb, mindössze 21 tézist – mint tételsort – a Vezetéstudomány hasábjaira – azzal a gondolattal, hogy vajon ezekért is exkommunikálás jár-e majd?
POTENCIAL FARMACOLÓGICO DOS PRODUTOS NATURAIS PARA O TRATAMENTO DO CÂNCER
Authors: Giraldez Alvarez Lisandro Diegio , De Carvalho Lacerda Yngred Éwenny , Ferraz Sousa Arielly Kerolly , Santos de Brito Beatriz , Gonçalves Santos Mateus , Ferreira Rabelo de Melo Nadja
Published: March 2021

Tratamentos atuais como a rádio e a quimioterapia podem causar prejuízos às células saudáveis e, consequentemente, acarretar efeitos prejudiciais ao organismo. Neste sentido, buscou-se revisar os efeitos de diversos produtos naturais contra células cancerígenas, visando amenizar a proliferação desordenada e avaliar o potencial farmacológico para a capacidade de produção de fármacos derivados desses produtos. Embora se saiba que existem vários tratamentos para o câncer, o uso de produtos naturais possibilita o retardo do desenvolvimento carcinogênico. Além disso, seu uso combinado a medicamentos já desenvolvidos também aponta para uma alternativa promissora e complementar no tratamento de diferentes tipos de câncer. Este estudo tem como objetivo apresentar algumas das últimas pesquisas publicadas entre os anos de 2016 e 2019 que avaliam efeitos de diferentes compostos naturais no tratamento do câncer. Os resultados mostraram que os produtos naturais possuem um grande potencial farmacológico para serem utilizados na produção de fármacos anticancerígenos, auxiliando diretamente na redução das atividades tumorais, com efeito proapoptótico, aumento de caspase-8, caspase-3 e Fas, aumento da expressão das proteínas Bax ou p21 e inibição da expressão de NF-kB e topoisomerase II, por exemplo.
A ATUAÇÃO DO FARMACÊUTICO CLÍNICO COMO INTERVENTOR NA IDENTIFICAÇÃO DE PROBLEMAS RELACIONADOS A MEDICAMENTOS EM HOSPITAIS: UMA REVISÃO DE SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Souza Hugo dos Santos , Gonzaga Tainá Souza , Barros Vanessa Kele Pureza , Sant'Anna Carla de Castro , De Almeida Marcella Kelly Costa
Published: March 2021

Os problemas relacionados aos medicamentos (PRM) constituem um sério problema que interfere na eficiência dos resultados terapêuticos, apresentando, na maioria dos casos, efeitos indesejados. Eles são responsáveis por aumento no tempo de internação, morbidade, mortalidade e aumento de custos em hospitais. Desse modo, esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a atuação do Farmacêutico Clínico na identificação de PRM em hospitais, identificando os problemas que são mais comuns e verificando quais as intervenções farmacêuticas mais realizadas em relação a estes. Foi realizada uma revisão sistemática, utilizando artigos da literatura nacional e internacional. Os artigos usados neste trabalho foram publicados no período de 2015 a 2020, indexados nos bancos de dados MEDLINE, SciELO, LILACS e PUBMED. Tal revisão foi realizada seguindo as diretrizes do PRISMA. A estratégia de busca identificou 234 artigos, deixando 15 estudos para leitura em texto completo e incluídos nesta revisão. O farmacêutico atua em parceria com a equipe multiprofissional presente no ambiente hospitalar, especialmente, por ser o profissional mais indicado para solucionar problemas relacionados a medicamentos, por meio da verificação do tratamento medicamentoso, avaliação das prescrições e orientação farmacoterapêutica.
PLANTAS MEDICINAIS E FITOTERÁPICOS NA PROMOÇÃO À SAÚDE NO TRANSTORNO DE ANSIEDADE: UMA REVISÃO DA LITERATURA DE APOIO AOS PROFISSIONAIS
Authors: Zeni Francielle , De Liz Michele Pereira , Duarte Dorivaldo , Zeni Ana L.B.
Published: March 2021

O transtorno de ansiedade generalizado (TAG) é uma doença de alta prevalência devido ao estresse e à exigência contemporânea. Com isso, há grande uso de ansiolíticos com efeitos adversos. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar as plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos que constam nos documentos do Ministério da Saúde e podem ser indicadas por profissionais no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) para o tratamento complementar do TAG. Esta revisão bibliográfica foi elaborada principalmente pelos documentos do Ministério da Saúde (MS), o Memento Fitoterápico da Farmacopeia Brasileira (MFFB), o Formulário de Fitoterápicos – Farmacopeia Brasileira e a Relação Nacional de Plantas Medicinais de Interesse ao Sistema Único de Saúde (RENISUS). Além disso, foram realizadas pesquisas em livros e artigos científicos para complementar informação. Foi constatado que o MS incentiva o uso no SUS de seis plantas para o tratamento da TAG, Hypericum perforatum L., Matricaria chamomilla L., Melissa officinalis L, Passiflora incarnata L., Piper methysticum G. Forst. e Valeriana officinalis L. Nesse contexto, foram destacadas sobre estas plantas, as indicações, a composição química, as evidências clínicas, os efeitos adversos, as contraindicações e as interações medicamentosas. Apesar dos benefícios da ampliação de opções no tratamento da TAG, existem os efeitos adversos e as interações medicamentosas. Desta forma, recomenda-se a indicação/prescrição, orientação e acompanhamento dos pacientes na utilização desta terapia integrativa e complementar por profissionais capacitados.
IMPLANTAÇÃO DO PROGRAMA STEWARDSHIP DE ANTIMICROBIANOS EM HOSPITAL DE ENSINO: UM PROJETO PILOTO
Authors: Castro Keine Monteiro , Campos e Reis Henry Pablo Lopes , Silva Renan Morais e , De Oliveira Alene Barros , Neto José Martins de Alcântara , De Luna Angela Maria Pita Tavares , Fonteles Marta Maria de França , Ponciano Angela Maria de Souza , Linhares Maria Gabrielle Oliveira e Silva , De Lima Lia Pinheiro , Rodrigues Jorge Luiz Nobre
Published: March 2021

O crescente aumento mundial da resistência bacteriana aos antimicrobianos (ATM) conduz ao monitoramento do uso racional desses medicamentos. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo descrever a implantação do Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP) de gestão clínica de ATM em hospital de ensino do Nordeste brasileiro, as ações iniciais e os resultados do projeto piloto. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo dividido em três fases. Primeira: escolha das estratégias do programa e dos ATM e elaboração de formulário próprio. Segunda: treinamento de farmacêuticos e identificação de potencialidades de aplicação das estratégias. Terceira: Estudo piloto; definição da equipe, do fluxo da monitorização e institucionalização. As estratégias escolhidas foram: gestão do tempo de tratamento; descalonamento; terapia sequencial oral e educação permanente. O treinamento focou no manejo farmacêutico da terapia antimicrobiana e na aplicação das estratégias elencadas. O estudo piloto recomendou 22 estratégias para otimização da farmacoterapia. A implantação do ASP ocorreu de forma institucionalizada pela direção do  hospital, com diretrizes pactuadas entre serviço de farmácia, comissão de controle de infecção e um centro de estudos farmacêuticos. O projeto piloto apontou uma aceitação de cerca de 68% das recomendações das estratégias para otimização da terapia antimicrobiana. Após análise do projeto piloto, pode-se concluir com a implantação do ASP a grande e urgente importância do gerenciamento dos ATM para o uso otimizado dessa terapia em tempos de pan-resistência.
Integrative bioinformatics analysis of KPNA2 in six major human cancers
Authors: Xu Chaobo , Liu Ming
Published: March 2021

Background

Malignant tumors were considered as the leading causes of cancer-related mortality globally. More and more studies found that dysregulated genes played an important role in carcinogenesis. The aim of this study was to explore the significance of KPNA2 in human six major cancers including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and bladder cancer based on bioinformatics analysis.

Methods

The data were collected and comprehensively analyzed based on multiple databases. KPNA2 mRNA expression in six major cancers was investigated in Oncomine, the human protein atlas, and GEPIA databases. The mutation status of KPNA2 in the six major cancers was evaluated by online data analysis tool Catalog of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) and cBioPortal. Co-expressed genes with KPNA2 were identified by using LinkedOmics and made pairwise correlation by Cancer Regulome tools. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network relevant to KPNA2 was constructed by STRING database and KEGG pathway of the included proteins of the PPI network was explored and demonstrated by circus plot. Survival analysis-relevant KPNA2 of the six cancers was performed by GEPIA online data analysis tool based on TCGA database.

Results

Compared with paired normal tissue, KPNA2 mRNA was upregulated in all of the six types of cancers. KPNA2 mutations, especially missense substitution, were widely identified in six cancers and interact with different genes in different cancer types. Genes involved in PPI network were mainly enriched in p53 signaling pathway, cell cycle, viral carcinogenesis, and Foxo signaling pathway. KPNA2 protein was mainly expressed in nucleoplasm and cytosol in cancer cells. Immunohistochemistry assay indicated that KPNA2 protein was also positively expressed in nucleoplasm with brownish yellow staining. Overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) were different between KPNA2 high and low expression groups.

Conclusions

KPNA2 was widely dysregulated and mutated in carcinomas and correlated with the patients prognosis which may be potential target for cancer treatment and biomarker for prognosis.
Réflexions sur le potentiel de la verbalisation pour l’apprentissage et l’enseignement de l’algèbre en adaptation scolaire
Authors: Aghbabian Azniv , Arsenault Carol-Ann , Marion Corinne , Passaro Valériane
Published: March 2021

L’enseignement de l’algèbre en contexte d’adaptation scolaire est sans aucun doute un défi. Préoccupées à dégager des pratiques efficaces adaptées aux caractéristiques des élèves, nous partageons dans cet article nos réflexions sur le potentiel de la verbalisation. Nous montrons notamment comment l’usage de la verbalisation par l’enseignant et par les élèves peut permettre une transition graduelle du concret à l’abstrait et contribuer ainsi à favoriser l’apprentissage de l’algèbre, et comment cet usage peut prendre place au sein de situations signifiantes et motivantes pour les élèves. Nous terminons en donnant des exemples de tâches pouvant susciter la verbalisation chez les élèves.
Repenser le processus de raisonnement en soudage-montage: interdépendance entre professionnalisation, employabilité et partenariat
Authors: Alexandre Marie , Amyot Dominique
Published: March 2021

L'article traduit une préoccupation quant à la complexification des situations de travail du XXIesiècle. Prenant appui sur un modèle de développement de compétences durables inscrit en didactique professionnelle, dix personnes expérimentées en soudage-montage ont participé à une recherche qualitative sur le processus de travail. Une démarche d’analyse de contenu a permis de décrire les paliers décisionnels et opérationnels des activités clés, ainsi que des paramètres de sécurité, de métier et de conformité associés aux actions du processus de raisonnement en soudage-montage. Les résultats illustrent des manifestations de l’intelligence professionnelle en soudage-montageet l’interdépendance de la professionnalisation, de l’employabilité et du partenariat.
A Mechanistic Model for Reward Prediction and Extinction Learning in the Fruit Fly
Authors: Springer Magdalena , Nawrot Martin Paul
Published: March 2021

Extinction learning, the ability to update previously learned information by integrating novel contradictory information, is of high clinical relevance for therapeutic approaches to the modulation of maladaptive memories. Insect models have been instrumental in uncovering fundamental processes of memory formation and memory update. Recent experimental results inDrosophila melanogastersuggest that, after the behavioral extinction of a memory, two parallel but opposing memory traces coexist, residing at different sites within the mushroom body (MB). Here, we propose a minimalistic circuit model of theDrosophilaMB that supports classical appetitive and aversive conditioning and memory extinction. The model is tailored to the existing anatomic data and involves two circuit motives of central functional importance. It employs plastic synaptic connections between Kenyon cells (KCs) and MB output neurons (MBONs) in separate and mutually inhibiting appetitive and aversive learning pathways. Recurrent modulation of plasticity through projections from MBONs to reinforcement-mediating dopaminergic neurons (DAN) implements a simple reward prediction mechanism. A distinct set of four MBONs encodes odor valence and predicts behavioral model output. Subjecting our model to learning and extinction protocols reproduced experimental results from recent behavioral and imaging studies. Simulating the experimental blocking of synaptic output of individual neurons or neuron groups in the model circuit confirmed experimental results and allowed formulation of testable predictions. In the temporal domain, our model achieves rapid learning with a step-like increase in the encoded odor value after a single pairing of the conditioned stimulus (CS) with a reward or punishment, facilitating single-trial learning.
Impacts of sectoral, regional, species, and day-specific emissions on air pollution and public health in Washington, DC
Authors: Nawaz M. O. , Henze D. K. , Harkins C. , Cao H. , Nault B. , Jo D. , Jimenez J. , Anenberg S. C. , Goldberg D. L. , Qu Z.
Published: March 2021

We present a novel source attribution approach that incorporates satellite data into GEOS-Chem adjoint simulations to characterize the species-specific, regional, and sectoral contributions of daily emissions for 3 air pollutants: fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and nitrogen dioxide (NO2). This approach is implemented for Washington, DC, first for 2011, to identify urban pollution sources, and again for 2016, to examine the pollution response to changes in anthropogenic emissions. In 2011, anthropogenic emissions contributed an estimated 263 (uncertainty: 130–444) PM2.5- and O3-attributable premature deaths and 1,120 (391–1795) NO2 attributable new pediatric asthma cases in DC. PM2.5 exposure was responsible for 90% of these premature deaths. On-road vehicle emissions contributed 51% of NO2-attributable new asthma cases and 23% of pollution-attributable premature deaths, making it the largest contributing individual sector to DC’s air pollution–related health burden. Regional emissions, originating from Maryland, Virginia, and Pennsylvania, were the most responsible for pollution-related health impacts in DC, contributing 57% of premature deaths impacts and 89% of asthma cases. Emissions from distant states contributed 34% more to PM2.5 exposure in the wintertime than in the summertime, occurring in parallel with strong wintertime westerlies and a reduced photochemical sink. Emission reductions between 2011 and 2016 resulted in health benefits of 76 (28–149) fewer pollution-attributable premature deaths and 227 (2–617) fewer NO2-attributable pediatric asthma cases. The largest sectors contributing to decreases in pollution-related premature deaths were energy generation units (26%) and on-road vehicles (20%). Decreases in NO2-attributable pediatric asthma cases were mostly due to emission reductions from on-road vehicles (63%). Emission reductions from energy generation units were found to impact PM2.5 more than O3, while on-road vehicle emission reductions impacted O3 proportionally more than PM2.5. This novel method is capable of capturing the sources of urban pollution at fine spatial and temporal scales and is applicable to many urban environments, globally.
Entrepreneurial Intention Model of Learning and Self-Efficacy Aspects
Authors: Kurjono Kurjono , Yuliyanti Leni , Saripudin Saripudin
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to unearth the effect of entrepreneurship learning on entrepreneurial intentions mediated by self-efficacy, and to find out the differences in entrepreneurial intentions viewed from the gender aspect. The research method employed in this study was an explanatory survey method. With respect to the research population, 560 accounting education students from all over Indonesia took part in this study by using the sample size technique of Isaac Michael so that the sample size was 233 respondents. The research samples taken from the population of accounting education students in Indonesia consisted of the students from Unimed, UPI, UNY, UNM, UM Malang and Unesa Surabaya. The data were collected using questionnaires in a google form and the validity and reliability of the collected data had also been tested. In this study, descriptive analysis and path analysis were employed as the data processing technique. The results showed that entrepreneurship learning and self-efficacy had a significant positive effect on entrepreneurial intentions. In particular, self-efficacy had the greatest effect on entrepreneurial intentions. There is no difference in entrepreneurial intentions based on the gender aspect. It is recommended to increase entrepreneurship learning through facilities and infrastructure indicators, self-efficacy through generally indicators, and entrepreneurial intentions through the indicators of spirit to try entrepreneurship.