bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fast preparation of porous anatase material via CuO‐mediated glass crystallization and acid‐leaching
Authors: Zhao Jiejie , Liu Shiquan
Published: May 2023

As an attempt to facilitate the mass production of porous anatase catalysts in industry, in this work, frits with molar ratios of MgO:TiO2:P2O5 = 20:32:24 and an extra addition of CuO (0, 8, 16, and 24 mol%) were first prepared by melt water‐quenching method. The frits were further heat‐ and acid‐treated, forming porous anatase consisting of nanosheets. The study showed that the CuO‐containing samples had increasing crystallization of anatase and even the crystallization of CuO nano‐rods. The easy dissolution of CuO nano‐rods and the abundant grain boundaries in the heat‐treated samples provided path for the acid‐leaching and greatly accelerated the selective dissolution of the crystallized samples, reducing the acid‐leaching time from 48 h for the CuO‐free sample to 3 h for the sample containing 24 mol% CuO to form a similar porous structure. The preformed anatase acted as nucleus to induce the in situ growth of anatase nanosheets. As a result, CuO greatly fastened the formation of porous anatase, making the industrial production of porous anatase possible.
Effectiveness of internet‐based self‐management interventions on pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Yan‐Yan , Li Ya‐Jie , Lu Han‐Bing , Song Chun‐Yu , Yang Ting‐Ting , Xie Jiao
Published: May 2023

Aim

To investigate the effectiveness of internet‐based self‐management interventions on pulmonary function in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Data Sources

Eight electronic databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Embase, CINAHL, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wangfang and Weipu databases were systematically searched from inception of the database to January 10, 2022.

Methods

Statistical analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and results were reported as mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Outcomes were the forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced volume capacity (FVC) and percent of FEV1/FVC. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess the risk of bias of included studies. The study protocol was not registered.

Results

Eight randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including 476 participants met the inclusion criteria and were included in meta‐analysis. It was found that internet‐based self‐management interventions showed a significant improvement in FVC(L), while FEV1 (%), FEV1 (L), FEV1/FVC (%) and FVC (%) did not significantly improve.

Conclusions

Internet‐based self‐management interventions were effective in improving pulmonary function in patients with COPD, caution should be exercised in interpreting the results. RCTs of higher quality are needed in the future to further demonstrate the effectiveness of the intervention.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

It provides evidence for internet‐based self‐management interventions in improving pulmonary function in patients with COPD.

Impact

The results suggested that internet‐based self‐management interventions could improve the pulmonary function in people with COPD. This study provides a promising alternative method for patients with COPD who have difficulty seeking face‐to‐face self‐management interventions, and the intervention can be applied in clinical settings.

Patient or Public Contribution

No Patient or Public Contribution.
Low microplastic loads in riverine European eel (Anguilla anguilla) from southwest England during their marine–freshwater transition
Authors: Parker Ben , Andreou Demetra , Green Iain D. , Pabortsava Katsiaryna , Boardman Rose M. , Pinder Adrian C. , Wright Rosalind M. , Britton Robert
Published: May 2023

The microplastic loads in elvers of the critically endangered European eel Anguilla anguilla, sampled in the lower reaches of three English rivers, were very low (incidence: 3.3%, mean ± s.d.: 0.03 ± 0.18 particles) and did not vary with body length or between rivers. Particles were mostly black, polyolefins, fibres and fragments of size 101–200 μm. Current levels indicate a low contamination pressure locally and, consequently, management efforts might prioritise mitigating the effects of other stressors affecting the species.
Lesbian and heterosexual Spanish and Swedish couples: Division of labor and life‐satisfaction
Authors: González Mar , Díez Marta , Morgado Beatriz , Angulo Andrea , López‐Gaviño Francisca
Published: May 2023

Objective

To compare the distribution of housework and childcare and satisfaction with work‐life balance resources among female same‐sex and different‐sex parenting couples in Spain and Sweden, and their association with life satisfaction.

Background

Same‐sex couples have generally reported higher levels of co‐responsibility than their different‐sex counterparts in terms of housework and childcare. It has yet to be determined whether these differences are maintained in countries with different public gender equality and family policies.

Method

Structured interviews were held with 154 mothers who lived with their partner and had children under 13 years of age: 89 from Spain (65 with different‐sex partners and 24 with same‐sex partners) and 65 from Sweden (27 with different‐sex partners and 38 with same‐sex partners). Interviews focused on the distribution within the couple of housework and childcare, problems related to work‐life balance, satisfaction with work‐life balance resources and life satisfaction.

Results

Differences were observed in the division of labor between same‐sex and different‐sex couples in Spain but not in Sweden. Spanish different‐sex couples reported a less equal distribution of housework and childcare than their Swedish counterparts. Same‐sex couples were as equal in their division of labor in Spain as in Sweden. Satisfaction with housework distribution and personal time availability positively predicted life satisfaction, whereas problems related to work‐life balance negatively predicted it.

Conclusion

Female same‐sex couples, in the microsystem, and public gender equality policies in the macro‐system, are encouraging a process of “de‐gendering” of family labor, promoting co‐responsibility in couples, and thereby fostering their psychological well‐being.
Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor: Features of ameloblastic‐like epithelial cells differentiation, secretion, and the nature of tumor cells products
Authors: Passador‐Santos Fabricio , de Oliveira Catarina Rodrigues Rosa , Teixeira Lucas Novaes , Turssi Cecilia Pedroso , de Brito‐Junior Rui Barbosa , Soares Andresa Borges , de Freitas Nadir Severina , de Araújo Ney Soares , de Araújo Vera Cavalcanti
Published: May 2023

Background

This study aimed to investigate the differentiation of ameloblastic‐like cells and the nature of the secreted eosinophilic materials in adenomatoid odontogenic tumors.

Methods

We studied histological and immunohistochemical characteristics of 20 cases using: cytokeratins 14 and 19, amelogenin, collagen I, laminin, vimentin, and CD34.

Results

Rosette cells differentiated into ameloblastic‐like cells positioned face‐to‐face, displaying collagen I‐positive material between them. Epithelial cells of the rosettes can differentiate into ameloblastic‐like cells. This phenomenon probably occurs due to an induction phenomenon between these cells. The secretion of collagen I is probably a brief event. Amelogenin‐positive areas were interspersed by epithelial cells in the lace‐like areas, outside the rosettes and distant from the ameloblastic‐like cells.

Conclusions

There are at least two types of eosinophilic material in different areas within the tumor, one in the rosette and solid areas and another in lace‐like areas. The secreted eosinophilic material in the rosettes and solid areas is probably a product of well‐differentiated ameloblastic‐like cells. It is positive for collagen I and negative for amelogenin, whereas some eosinophilic materials in the lace‐like areas are positive for amelogenin. We hypothesize that the latter eosinophilic material could be a product of odontogenic cuboidal epithelial or intermediate stratum‐like epithelial cells.
Immune‐mediated polyneuropathy in cats: Clinical description, electrodiagnostic assessment, and treatment
Authors: Van Caenegem Nicolas , Arti Léa , Troupel Thibaut , Jeandel Aurélien , Vandenberghe Hélène , Mayousse Vincent , Papageorgiou Stella , Gnirs Kirsten , Blot Stéphane
Published: May 2023

Background

Suspected immune‐mediated polyneuropathy has been increasingly reported in cats, especially in the last decade, but the condition remains poorly understood.

Objectives

Refine the clinical description and review the classification of this condition based on electrodiagnostic investigation and evaluate the benefit of corticosteroid treatment and L‐carnitine supplementation.

Animals

Fifty‐five cats presented with signs of muscular weakness and electrodiagnostic findings consistent with polyneuropathy of unknown origin.

Methods

Retrospective, multicenter study. Data from the medical records were reviewed. The owners were contacted by phone for follow‐up at the time of the study.

Results

The male‐to‐female ratio was 2.2. The median age of onset was 10 months, with 91% of affected cats being <3 years of age. Fourteen breeds were represented in the study. The electrodiagnostic findings supported purely motor axonal polyneuropathy. Histological findings from nerve biopsies were consistent with immune‐mediated neuropathy in 87% of the tested cats. The overall prognosis for recovery was good to excellent, as all but 1 cat achieved clinical recovery, with 12% having mild sequelae and 28% having multiple episodes during their lifetime. The outcome was similar in cats with no treatment when compared with cats receiving corticosteroids or L‐carnitine supplementation.

Conclusions and Clinical Importance

Immune‐mediated motor axonal polyneuropathy should be considered in young cats with muscle weakness. This condition may be similar to acute motor axonal neuropathy in Guillain‐Barré syndrome patients. Based on our results, diagnostic criteria have been proposed.
Environment, alcohol intoxication and overconfidence: Evidence from a lab‐in‐the‐field experiment
Authors: Long Iain W. , Matthews Kent , Sivarajasingam Vaseekaran
Published: May 2023

Alcohol has long been known as the demon drink; an epithet owed to the numerous social ills it is associated with. Our lab‐in‐the‐field experiment assesses the extent to which changes in intoxication and an individual's environment lead to changes in overconfidence or cognitive ability that are, in turn, often linked to problematic behaviours. Results indicate that it is the joint effect of being intoxicated in a bar, rather than simply being intoxicated, that matters. Subjects systematically underestimated the magnitude of their behavioural changes, suggesting that they cannot be held fully accountable for their actions.
Thermal and shock history of Almahata Sitta meteorite inferred from structure refinement of pyroxene and Mössbauer spectroscopy of Fe‐Ni metal
Authors: Abdu Yassir A. , Gismelseed Abbasher M. , Attaelmanan Atta G. , Shaddad Muawia H. , Hawthorne Frank C.
Published: May 2023

The crystal structures of orthopyroxene (En86.3Fs8.6Wo5.1, space group Pbca) and pigeonite (En81.7Fs8.8Wo9.5, space group P21/c) from the Almahata Sitta ureilite (fragment#051) have been refined to R1 indices of 3.10% and 2.53%, respectively, using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction data. The unit formulas were calculated from electron microprobe analysis, and the occupancies at the M1 and M2 sites were refined for both pyroxenes from the single‐crystal diffraction data. The results indicate a rather disordered intracrystalline Fe2+‐Mg cation distribution over the M1 and M2 sites, with a closure temperature of 726(±55)°C for orthopyroxene and 704(±110)°C for pigeonite, suggesting fast cooling of these pyroxenes. The Mössbauer spectrum of the Fe‐Ni metal particles of Almahata Sitta ureilite (fragment#051) is dominated by two overlapping magnetic sextets that are assigned to Fe atoms in Si‐bearing kamacite, and arise from two different nearest‐neighbor configurations of Fe* (=Fe+Ni) and Si atoms in the bcc structure of kamacite; (8F*, 0Si) and (7Fe*, 1Si). In addition, the spectrum shows weak absorption peaks that are attributed to the presence of small amounts of cohenite [(Fe,Ni)3C], schreibersite [(Fe,Ni)3P], and an Fe‐oxide/hydroxide phase. The fast cooling of pyroxene to the closure temperature (after equilibration at ~1200°C) and the incorporation of Si in kamacite can be interpreted as due to a shock event that took place on the meteorite parent body, consistent with the proposed formation history of ureilites parent body where a fast cooling has occurred at a later stage of its formation.
Framing Executive Function as a Construct and its Relation to Academic Achievement
Authors: Cirino Paul T.
Published: May 2023

The goal of this work is to provide a framework for understanding the relationship between executive function (EF) to reading and other academic achievements to promote future work in this area. After briefly reviewing extant theoretical and empirical support about what is known in this area, we then more deeply evaluate the construct of EF itself. This is necessary because EF means any number of things to any number of individuals, scientists included. Review of several pertinent conceptualizations of EF, including our own, reveals agreement that EF is domain general (although the meaning of domain generality is varied); additional commonalities include a focus on control/management and goal direction. However, there is less agreement on whether EF is singular or plural, or whether EF is one or more “thing(s)” versus process(es). These alternatives are discussed with a focus on the implications for understanding the role of EF for important functional outcomes.
An evaluation of a multidimensional identity measurement instrument: The heritage language speaker identity tool (HLS‐IT)
Authors: Garcia Valerie , Pineault Caitlyn , Bryfonski Lara
Published: May 2023

This mixed‐methods study explores the efficacy of a multidimensional identity measurement tool that aims to represent the diverse language experiences of heritage language learners (HLLs) and heritage language speakers (HLSs). Drawing on the thematic commonalities across 13 definitions of HLLs, a questionnaire was developed to capture age of acquisition, self‐reported proficiency level, home exposure, language maintenance efforts, and cultural and familial ties to the heritage community. Questionnaire data spanning HLSs (N = 135) of 41 heritage languages were submitted to K‐means cluster analysis to investigate identity‐based trends across respondents. Interviews (n = 10) and autobiographical essays (n = 4) from a subset of respondents from each resulting cluster were thematically analyzed and used to corroborate descriptive HLS profiles from cluster analysis results. Three HLS profiles emerged from the data set, and their defining characteristics (based on the five HLL identity themes) illustrate the complex interplay of language, culture, family, and education within the HLS population. Qualitative analysis of respondents’ perspectives highlights the challenges of quantitatively measuring inherently qualitative experiences. The study concludes with implications for how questionnaire‐based instruments derived from bottom‐up statistical analyses can be leveraged in future research, advancing the agendas of linguists and educators to better understand and support HLSs.
Larval anatomy of the digestive and excretory systems of the pharyngeal bot fly, Pharyngomyia picta (Diptera: Oestridae)
Authors: Martín‐Vega Daniel , Clark Brett , Hall Martin J. R.
Published: May 2023

Oestrid flies (Diptera: Oestridae) are obligate parasites of mammals during their larval stage and show anatomical adaptations for the infestation of host tissues. Unlike the species that parasitize domestic mammals, those oestrid species that infest wild mammal hosts remain poorly known. With the use of x‐ray micro‐computed tomography, we describe for the first time the anatomy of the digestive and excretory systems of the second and third larval instars of Pharyngomyia picta (Meigen), a parasite of cervids that, like other species within the subfamily Oestrinae, causes nasopharyngeal myiasis. Both larval instars of P. picta show a pair of remarkably large salivary glands arranged in a characteristic ‘glandular band’, a convoluted and thickly uniform midgut and a greatly enlarged distal region of the anterior pair of Malpighian tubules. These anatomical features also have been described in other species within the subfamily Oestrinae, whereas they differ from the observations in other oestrid subfamilies. We discuss the potential functional significance of the anatomy of the digestive and excretory systems of Oestrinae larvae as specific adaptations to parasitize the nasopharyngeal cavities of mammal hosts.
Higher order aberrations and retinal image quality during short‐term accommodation in myopic and non‐myopic children
Authors: Hughes Rohan P J , Read Scott A , Collins Michael J , Vincent Stephen J
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Despite the known associations between near work and myopia, and retinal image quality and eye growth, accommodation‐induced changes in higher order aberrations (HOA's) and retinal image quality in children with different refractive errors are poorly understood.

Methods

Ocular HOA's were measured using a Hartmann‐Shack wavefront sensor (COAS‐HD, Wavefront Sciences) in 18 myopic and 18 age‐ and sex‐matched non‐myopic children during short‐term accommodation tasks (four demands of 0, 3, 6 and 9 D) presented using a Badal optometer. Eighth order Zernike polynomials were fitted across a 2.3 mm pupil diameter to determine refractive power vectors (M, J180 and J45) and the accommodation error, and a 4 mm pupil was used for HOA analyses. Retinal image quality was examined using the visual Strehl ratio based on the optical transfer function (VSOTF) for third to eighth radial orders only.

Results

Most refractive error group differences were observed for the 6 and 9 D demands. Myopic children underwent greater changes in with‐the‐rule astigmatism (J180), higher order and third order RMS values, primary vertical () and horizontal coma (), and several other individual Zernike coefficients compared with non‐myopic children (all refractive error group by demand interaction p‐values of ≤0.02). Non‐myopic children exhibited a greater negative shift in primary () and positive shift in secondary spherical aberration () (both refractive error group by demand interaction p‐values of ≤0.002). The VSOTF degraded for the 6 and 9 D demands in both groups, but the myopic children underwent a greater mean (SE) reduction from 0 D of −0.274 (0.048) for the 9 D demand, compared with −0.131 (0.052) for the non‐myopic children (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

These results may have implications for the association between near work, accommodation and myopia development, particularly related to the use of short working distances during near tasks.
Anesthesia management protocol for liver transplantation as treatment for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency
Authors: Baba Chiaki , Yukimasa Sho , Yasuno Risa , Ichiyanagi Hiroki , Ninagawa Jun , Kasuya Shugo , Kasahara Mureo , Horikawa Reiko , Nagasaka Yasuko , Suzuki Yasuyuki
Published: May 2023

Background

Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is an X‐linked genetic disorder that induces accumulation of ammonia in the liver and is the most common urea cycle disorder. The clinical manifestation of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency is hyperammonemia that causes irreversible neurological damage. Liver transplantation is a curative therapy for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency. The aim of this study is to suggest, from our previous experience, an anesthesia management protocol of liver transplantation for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency, particularly focused on liver transplantation for cases with uncontrolled hyperammonemia.

Method

We retrospectively reviewed our anesthesia‐related experience in all cases of liver transplantation for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency in our center.

Results

Twenty‐nine liver transplantation cases for ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency were found between November 2005 and March 2021 in our center.

Of these, 25 cases were stable through the perioperative period. However, 2 cases with carrier donor graft had hyperammonemia after liver transplantation. Another two cases had uncontrolled hyperammonemia before liver transplantation, even with continuous hemodialysis. They underwent life‐saving liver transplantation. Their metabolic status stabilized after the anhepatic phase.

Conclusion

Liver transplantation for cases with uncontrolled hyperammonemia can be performed with proper management. Second, liver transplantation with carrier donors should be avoided because of the risk of postoperative recurrence.
Mutation of DEP1 facilitates the improvement of plant architecture in Xian rice (Oryza sativa)
Authors: Zhang Anning , Wang Feiming , Kong Deyan , Hou Danping , Huang Leda , Bi Junguo , Zhang Fenyun , Luo Xingxing , Wang Jiahong , Liu Guolan , Yu Xinqiao , Liu Yi , Luo Lijun
Published: May 2023

Plant architecture is a complex trait and has a profound impact on crop performance and productivity. We applied the CRISPR/Cas9 system to mutate the DEP1 gene, which has been reported to function as regulator of plant architecture, in elite Xian cultivar ‘Huhan1509’. Sequencing analysis of T0 transformed plants showed that the CRISPR/Cas9 system was highly efficient in mutagenesis of targeted DEP1 gene, with 30% of the homozygous mutations and 70% of the heterozygous mutations. T2 homozygous mutants without T‐DNA were further examined for the agronomic traits. The DEP1 mutants exhibited an altered plant architecture along with a shorter plant height and grain size and increased spikelets and grain density. Furthermore, phenotypes of raising primary branches and stem diameters were observed in the DEP1 mutants. Our results demonstrate that favourable alleles of the DEP1 gene, developed by CRISPR/Cas9 system, could be used to improve plant architecture in Xian rice.
Atrophic violaceous plaques as the first manifestation of a disorder of GNAS inactivation
Authors: Caussade Marie‐Chantal , Downey Camila , Kramer Daniela , Morales Claudia
Published: May 2023

We report the case of a 10‐month‐old girl who presented with failure to thrive and multiple small atrophic violaceous plaques, with no other findings on her physical examination. The laboratory examinations, abdominal ultrasound and bilateral hand radiography performed were unremarkable. The skin biopsy revealed fusiform cells and focal ossification in the deep dermis. The genetic study showed a pathogenic variant of GNAS.
Circ_0081054 facilitates melanoma development via sponging miR‐637 and regulating RAB9A
Authors: Li Xiaoqing , Kong Yinghui , Li He , Xu Manyuan , Jiang Ming , Sun Weiguo , Xu Suping
Published: May 2023

Background

Accumulating evidence announces that aberrantly expressed circRNAs were closely related to the development of human cancers. However, the role and mechanism of multiple circRNAs remain unclear. Our work aimed to disclose the functional role and mechanism of circ_0081054 in melanoma.

Methods

Quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay was utilized to detect circ_0081054, microRNA‐637 (miR‐637) and RAB9A (member RAS oncogene family) mRNA expression. Cell proliferative ability was evaluated via Cell Counting Kit‐8 and colony formation assay. Cell invasion was assessed by using wound healing assay.

Results

The significant upregulation of circ_0081054 was detected in melanoma tissues and cells. The proliferation, migration, glycolytic metabolism, and angiogenesis in melanoma cells were suppressed, while apoptosis was promoted following the silence of circ_0081054. In addition, circ_0081054 could target miR‐637, and miR‐637 inhibitor could reverse the effects of circ_0081054 deficiency. Furthermore, RAB9A was a target gene for miR‐637 and RAB9A overexpression could reverse the effects of miR‐637 overexpression. In addition, the deficiency of circ_0081054 hampered tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, circ_0081054 could regulate RAB9A expression by sponging miR‐637.

Conclusion

All results indicated that circ_0081054 promoted the malignant behaviors of melanoma cells partly by regulating the miR‐637/RAB9A molecular axis.
In vivo detection of healthy skin: Comparison of multiphoton microscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy
Authors: Chen Ke‐Jun , Wang Zi‐Yi , Han Yang , Cui Yong
Published: May 2023

Background

Noninvasive skin examination evolved rapidly in recent years, with multiphoton microscopy (MPM) and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) being used to image in‐vivo skin at high resolution. The aim of this study is to compare the imaging clarity between the two techniques and measure the thickness of the epidermis in different body sites. We also measured the degree of skin aging with noninvasive tools.

Methods

Fifty‐six volunteers were evaluated and measured at three different body sites, including the cheek, volar forearm, and back. We used RCM and MPM to evaluate the clarity of each skin layer, including stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinosum, dermo‐epidermal junction, and dermis. We measured epidermal thickness (ET) at the three body sites in individuals of different ages and genders. We assessed skin aging by the second harmonic to autofluorescence aging index of dermis (SAAID), and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the factors affecting SAAID.

Results

MPM had advantages in observation of stratum granulosum, collagen fiber, and elastic fiber (p < 0.001), but RCM provided better observation in dermo‐epidermal junction layer (p < 0.001). The epidermis was thicker in the cheek area than the volar forearm and back in both RCM and MPM detection, and the average ET measured by MPM was lower than RCM. ET varied among the three body sites with significant differences (p < 0.05). ET was significantly lower at almost all sites in individuals above 40y (p < 0.05). SAAID decreased with age, and more rapidly in women. Cheeks have lower SAAID scores than other body sites.

Conclusion

MPM and RCM provide noninvasive methods for imaging skin and each method has its own advantages. Epidermal thickness and SAAID correlated with age, gender, and different body sites. MPM could also assess the degree of skin aging, which could guide the clinical treatment of patients with diffferent ages and genders in the above body sites.
Improving Self-organization and Self-efficacy of Diverse Occupational Therapy students: The Development of the Embodied and Embedded Motor Skills Curriculum
Authors: Brettschneider Jutta
Published: May 2023

Being organized and confident in our movements and thoughts is necessary to achieve a desired outcome. Motor, process, and social interaction performance skill training is therefore part of contemporary occupational therapy (OT) training. Also prioritized is building awareness of cultural, social and economic diversity, inequity and the need for inclusion and representation within the OT profession. The US OT Practice Framework emphasizes the embeddedness of clients and their activities in personal and sociocultural contexts.Less attention has been paid to the learning process, self-organization, and self-efficacy of diverse OT students as they prepare for hands-on interventions with future clients. Minimal literature is available about their own somatic awareness and embodied understanding of the motor skills they teach their clients. A decade of observing clinical labs at historically Black Howard University (HU), and a recent survey of HU OT students, reveal their quest for embodied motor learning, and for guidance in organizing kinesthetically for client encounters.Researching these observed and voiced needs stimulated the development of the Embedded and Embodied Motor Skill Curriculum (EEMSC). The curriculum is grounded in evidence-based OT research and in the Feldenkrais Method® of somatic education.The Kern 6-Step Approach to curriculum design was used to develop the program. It is envisioned that applying somatic learning in clinical interventions with underserved population will be empowering and enabling for both OTs and their clients and contribute to the process of knowledge translation between practice and research.
Effectiveness of holistic assessment–based interventions in improving outcomes in adults with multiple long-term conditions and/or frailty: an umbrella review protocol
Authors: Arakelyan Stella , Lone Nazir , Anand Atul , Mikula-Noble Nataysia , J Lyall Marcus , De Ferrari Luna , Mercer Stewart W. , Guthrie Bruce
Published: May 2023

Objective:

This umbrella review will synthesize evidence on the effectiveness of holistic assessment–based interventions in improving health outcomes in adults (aged ≥18) with multiple long-term conditions and/or frailty.

Introduction:

Health systems need effective, evidence-based interventions to improve health outcomes for adults with multiple long-term conditions. Holistic assessment–based interventions are effective in older people admitted to hospital (usually called “comprehensive geriatric assessments” in that context); however, the evidence is inconclusive on whether similar interventions are effective in community settings.

Inclusion criteria:

We will include systematic reviews examining the effectiveness of community and/or hospital holistic assessment–based interventions in improving health outcomes for community-dwelling and hospitalized adults aged ≥ 18 with multiple long-term conditions and/or frailty.

Methods:

The review will follow the JBI methodology for umbrella reviews. MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL Plus, Scopus, ASSIA, Cochrane Library, and the TRIP Medical Database will be searched to identify reviews published in English from 2010 till the present. This will be followed by a manual search of reference lists of included reviews to identify additional reviews. Two reviewers will independently screen titles and abstracts against the selection criteria, followed by screening of full texts. Methodological quality will be assessed using the JBI critical appraisal checklist for systematic reviews and research syntheses and data will be extracted using an adapted and piloted JBI data extraction tool. The summary of findings will be presented in tabular format, with narrative descriptions and visual indications. The citation matrix will be generated and the corrected covered area calculated to analyze the overlap in primary studies across the reviews.

Review registration:

PROSPERO CRD42022363217
High doses of rosuvastatin induce impaired branched‐chain amino acid catabolism and lead to insulin resistance
Authors: Bai Xue , Long Xingzhen , Song Fang , Chen Baolin , Sheng Changcheng , Tang Cailin , Li Li , Zhang Jiaxing , Zhang Rui , Zhang Jiquan , Li Jiali
Published: May 2023

Accumulating evidence indicates that patients treated with rosuvastatin have an increased risk of developing new‐onset diabetes. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we administered rosuvastatin (10 mg/kg body weight) to male C57BL/6J mice for 12 weeks and found that oral rosuvastatin dramatically reduced intraperitoneal glucose tolerance. Rosuvastatin‐treated mice showed considerably higher serum levels of branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs) than control mice. They also showed dramatically altered expression of BCAA catabolism‐related enzymes in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, including downregulated mRNA expression of BCAT2 and protein phosphatase 2Cm (PP2Cm) and upregulated mRNA expression of branched‐chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK). The levels of BCKD in the skeletal muscle were reduced in rosuvastatin‐treated mice, which was associated with lower PP2Cm protein levels and increased BCKDK levels. We also investigated the effects of rosuvastatin and insulin administration on glucose metabolism and BCAA catabolism in C2C12 myoblasts. We observed that incubation with insulin enhanced glucose uptake and facilitated BCAA catabolism in C2C12 cells, which was accompanied by elevated Akt and glycogen synthase kinase 3 β (GSK3β) phosphorylation. These effects of insulin were prevented by co‐incubation of the cells with 25 μM rosuvastatin. Moreover, the effects of insulin and rosuvastatin administration on glucose uptake and Akt and GSK3β signaling in C2C12 cells were abolished when PP2Cm was knocked down. Although the relevance of these data, obtained with high doses of rosuvastatin in mice, to therapeutic doses in humans remains to be elucidated, this study highlights a potential mechanism for the diabetogenic effects of rosuvastatin, and suggests that BCAA catabolism could be a pharmacological target for preventing the adverse effects of rosuvastatin.
Water Current Load on Arrays of Rectangular Plates
Authors: Lamei A. , Hayatdavoodi M.
Published: May 2023

Water current interaction with arrays of plates is studied by use of the computational fluid dynamics focusing on hydrokinetic energy production applications. Various configurations of arrays of equidistant rectangular plates are considered. The velocity and the pressure fields around an array of plates are determined, and the forces on individual plates are computed and compared with the empirical relations. It is found that the current-induced force on the leading plate in the array is substantially different from those on the downstream plates, which may experience negative forces, due to the change of the flow field. In three parametric studies, the effect of plate spacing, the number of plates, and the relative water depth on the current-induced forces is investigated. It is shown that the relative size of the plates and the number of plates in an array play a significant role on the current-induced loads. Finally, the relative direction of the plates and the incoming flow is changed, and its effect on the hydrodynamic forces on the plates is studied in a three-dimensional computational tank. The current loads on an oriented set of plates is shown to be remarkably different, when compared with those perpendicular to the current direction. It is concluded that the current-induced loads on an array of plates cannot be estimated by empirical relations, and specific computations, similar to those shown here, or laboratory experiments are required to investigate the current loads.
Stochastic Performance of Journal Bearing With Two-Layered Porous Bush—A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Barman Subrata , Gupta Kritesh Kumar , Kushari Subrata , Dey Sudip
Published: May 2023

This investigation presents the deterministic and stochastic responses of the journal bearing with a two-layered porous bush. Pressure equations in the porous layers and modified Reynolds equations in the clearance region are governed by the finite difference method (FDM). Stochastic analysis based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is used to investigate the effect of random variation in input parameters caused by uncertain operating conditions, improper installations, and manufacturing imperfections. In order to enhance computational efficiency, this probabilistic study is conducted in conjunction with the machine learning (ML) model based on the support vector machine (SVM) algorithm. The uncertainty in the bearing responses is presented in the form of the probability density function (PDF), considering both the independent and combined effect of the stochastically varied input parameters. Graphical illustration of the data-driven sensitivity represents the relative significance of each input parameter affecting the steady-state responses of the journal bearing with two-layered porous bush. The findings of the present study reveal that the stochastic variations in the input parameters have a profound influence on the operational characteristics of the porous bearing. The outcome of the present study will be helpful in deciding the operational regime of the porous bearing under the practically relevant stochastic environment.
Microsphere photolithography using reusable microsphere array mask for low-cost infrared metasurface fabrication
Authors: Zhu Chen , Kinzel Edward C.
Published: May 2023

Microsphere photolithography (MPL) is an alternative low-cost technique for the large-scale fabrication of periodic structures, such as metasurfaces. This technique utilizes the photonic nanojet generated in the photoresist (PR), by microspheres in near proximity, which are exposed to collimated ultraviolet (UV) flood illumination. In the basic approach, a microsphere array is self-assembled on, or transferred to, the substrate prior to exposure. After exposure, the microspheres are washed away in the development step. The process to recover and clean these microspheres for reuse is complicated. This paper investigates the use of reusable microsphere masks created by fixing the microspheres on a UV transparent support. This is then brought into contact with the photoresist with controlled pressure. There is a trade-off between the quality of the fabricated samples and the wear of the mask determined by the contact pressure. The system is demonstrated using a digital micromirror device (DMD)-based direct-write exposure system to fabricate infrared (IR) metasurfaces. These metasurfaces are characterized and compared to simulation models. Finally, a series of 50 hierarchically patterned IR metasurfaces was fabricated using a single reusable mask. These samples had a <3% coefficient of variance when viewed with a thermal camera. This work shows the potential of mask-based MPL and other contact microlens array-based photolithography techniques for low-cost large-scale fabrication.
Joint Coordination With a Change in Task Constraint During Accurate Overhead Throwing
Authors: Kimura Arata , Yoshioka Shinsuke , Fukashiro Senshi
Published: May 2023

In sports situations, players may be required to throw at different speeds. The question of how skilled players throw the ball accurately to the desired location under different speed conditions is of interest to biomechanics researchers. Previous research suggested that throwers use different types of joint coordination. However, joint coordination with a change in throwing speed has not been studied. Here, we show the effects of changes in throwing speed on joint coordination during accurate overhead throwing. Participants were seated on a low chair with their trunk fixed and threw a baseball aimed at a target under 2 different speed conditions (slow and fast). In the slow condition, the elbow flexion/extension angle coordinated with other joint angles and angular velocities to reduce the variability of the vertical hand velocity. In the fast condition, the shoulder internal/external rotation angle and the shoulder horizontal flexion/extension angular velocity coordinated with other joint angles and angular velocities to reduce the variability of the vertical hand velocity. These results showed that joint coordination differed with changes in throwing speed, indicating that joint coordination is not always fixed, but may differ depending on the task constraints, such as throwing speed.
Device-Measured Change in Physical Activity in Primary School Children During the UK COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Scales James , Chavda Jasmine , Ikeda Erika , Tsocheva Ivelina , Dove Rosamund E. , Wood Helen E. , Kalsi Harpal , Colligan Grainne , Griffiths Lewis , Day Bill , Crichlow Cheryll , Keighley Amanda , Fletcher Monica , Newby Chris , Tomini Florian , Balkwill Fran , Mihaylova Borislava , Grigg Jonathan , Beevers Sean , Eldridge Sandra , Sheikh Aziz , Gauderman James , Kelly Frank , Randhawa Gurch , Mudway Ian S. , van Sluijs Esther , Griffiths Christopher J.
Published: May 2023

Background: Lockdown measures, including school closures, due to the COVID-19 pandemic have caused widespread disruption to children’s lives. The aim of this study was to explore the impact of a national lockdown on children’s physical activity using seasonally matched accelerometry data. Methods: Using a pre/post observational design, 179 children aged 8 to 11 years provided physical activity data measured using hip-worn triaxial accelerometers worn for 5 consecutive days prepandemic and during the January to March 2021 lockdown. Multilevel regression analyses adjusted for covariates were used to assess the impact of lockdown on time spent in sedentary and moderate to vigorous physical activity. Results: A 10.8-minute reduction in daily time spent in moderate to vigorous physical activity (standard error: 2.3 min/d, P < .001) and a 33.2-minute increase in daily sedentary activity (standard error: 5.5 min/d, P < .001) were observed during lockdown. This reflected a reduction in daily moderate to vigorous physical activity for those unable to attend school (−13.1 [2.3] min/d, P < .001) during lockdown, with no significant change for those who continued to attend school (0.4 [4.0] min/d, P < .925). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the loss of in-person schooling was the single largest impact on physical activity in this cohort of primary school children in London, Luton, and Dunstable, United Kingdom.
Anti-Racist Research Methods in Sport-Based Youth Development
Authors: McGarry Jennifer E. , Ebron Kolin , Mala Jesse , Corral Michael , Arinze Nneka , Mattson Kerry , Griffith Khalil
Published: May 2023

In this article, we examine the process of conducting anti-racist research in Sport for Development, specifically Sport-Based Youth Development programs in the United States. We acknowledge that participatory methods have been both identified and problematized as approaches to challenge the racialized experiences of youth. We share examples of attempts at Youth Participatory Action Research utilized across six previously unpublished projects. Through sharing our efforts to co-create environments with youth to produce changes impacting their development, we provide insight on our experiences and shortcomings. Finally, we conclude with implications for the field of Sport for Development, and youth-focused scholars, on deconstructing contexts that preserve and privilege whiteness.
Topological kinetic crossover in a nanomagnet array
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Fitez Grant , Subzwari Shayaan , Bingham Nicholas S. , Chioar Ioan-Augustin , Saglam Hilal , Ramberger Justin , Leighton Chris , Nisoli Cristiano , Schiffer Peter
Published: May 2023

Ergodic kinetics, which are critical to equilibrium thermodynamics, can be constrained by a system’s topology. We studied a model nanomagnetic array in which such constraints visibly affect the behavior of the magnetic moments. In this system, magnetic excitations connect into thermally active one-dimensional strings whose motion can be imaged in real time. At high temperatures, our data showed the merging, breaking, and reconnecting of strings, resulting in the system transitioning between topologically distinct configurations. Below a crossover temperature, the string motion is dominated by simple changes in length and shape. In this low-temperature regime, the system is energetically stable because of its inability to explore all possible topological configurations. This kinetic crossover suggests a generalizable conception of topologically broken ergodicity and limited equilibration.
Innate virus-sensing pathways in B cell systemic autoimmunity
Authors: Vinuesa Carola G. , Grenov Amalie , Kassiotis George
Published: May 2023

Although all multicellular organisms have germ line–encoded innate receptors to sense pathogen-associated molecular patterns, vertebrates also evolved adaptive immunity based on somatically generated antigen receptors on B and T cells. Because randomly generated antigen receptors may also react with self-antigens, tolerance checkpoints operate to limit but not completely prevent autoimmunity. These two systems are intricately linked, with innate immunity playing an instrumental role in the induction of adaptive antiviral immunity. In this work, we review how inborn errors of innate immunity can instigate B cell autoimmunity. Increased nucleic acid sensing, often resulting from defects in metabolizing pathways or retroelement control, can break B cell tolerance and converge into TLR7-, cGAS-STING–, or MAVS-dominant signaling pathways. The resulting syndromes span a spectrum that ranges from chilblain and systemic lupus to severe interferonopathies.
Discovery of target genes and pathways at GWAS loci by pooled single-cell CRISPR screens
Authors: Morris John A. , Caragine Christina , Daniloski Zharko , Domingo Júlia , Barry Timothy , Lu Lu , Davis Kyrie , Ziosi Marcello , Glinos Dafni A. , Hao Stephanie , Mimitou Eleni P. , Smibert Peter , Roeder Kathryn , Katsevich Eugene , Lappalainen Tuuli , Sanjana Neville E.
Published: May 2023

Most variants associated with complex traits and diseases identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) map to noncoding regions of the genome with unknown effects. Using ancestrally diverse, biobank-scale GWAS data, massively parallel CRISPR screens, and single-cell transcriptomic and proteomic sequencing, we discovered 124
cis
-target genes of 91 noncoding blood trait GWAS loci. Using precise variant insertion through base editing, we connected specific variants with gene expression changes. We also identified
trans
-effect networks of noncoding loci when
cis
target genes encoded transcription factors or microRNAs. Networks were themselves enriched for GWAS variants and demonstrated polygenic contributions to complex traits. This platform enables massively parallel characterization of the target genes and mechanisms of human noncoding variants in both
cis
and
trans
.
Whole-Genome Sequence of
Aneurinibacillus
sp.
Ricciae_BoGa-3
, Isolated from Riccia fluitans
Authors: Hildebrandt Marvin , Bleile Isabell E. , Althoff Felix , Zachgo Sabine , Bräutigam Andrea , Verwaaijen Bart
Published: May 2023

Here, we present the Nanopore-only genome sequence of
Aneurinibacillus
sp.
Ricciae_BoGa-3
. It was isolated from
Riccia fluitans
ecotype BoGa-3 and its source was Botanical Garden Osnabrück (Germany). The complete circular genome is 4,981,254 bp with a GC content of 44.8%.
Full Profiling of GE81112A, an Underexplored Tetrapeptide Antibiotic with Activity against Gram-Negative Pathogens
Authors: Schuler Sören M. M. , Jürjens Gerrit , Marker Alexander , Hemmann Ulrike , Rey Astrid , Yvon Stéphane , Lagrevol Marjorie , Hamiti Mohamed , Nguyen Fabian , Hirsch Rolf , Pöverlein Christoph , Vilcinskas Andreas , Hammann Peter , Wilson Daniel N. , Mourez Michael , Coyne Sebastien , Bauer Armin
Published: May 2023

The spread of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a more and more important global threat to human health. With regard to current medical needs, penetration into the site of infection represents the major challenge in the treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria.
A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial To Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Nelfinavir in Patients with Mild COVID-19
Authors: Miyazaki Taiga , Hosogaya Naoki , Fukushige Yuri , Takemori Sachiko , Morimoto Shinpei , Yamamoto Hiroshi , Hori Makoto , Ozawa Yoshihito , Shiko Yuki , Inaba Yosuke , Kurokawa Tomoya , Hanaoka Hideki , Iwanami Shoya , Kim Kwangsu , Iwami Shingo , Watashi Koichi , Miyazawa Ken , Umeyama Takashi , Yamagoe Satoshi , Miyazaki Yoshitsugu , Wakita Takaji , Sumiyoshi Makoto , Hirayama Tatsuro , Izumikawa Koichi , Yanagihara Katsunori , Mukae Hiroshi , Kawasuji Hitoshi , Yamamoto Yoshihiro , Tarumoto Norihito , Ishii Hiroshi , Ohno Hideaki , Yatera Kazuhiro , Kakeya Hiroshi , Kichikawa Yoshiko , Kato Yasuyuki , Matsumoto Tetsuya , Saito Makoto , Yotsuyanagi Hiroshi , Kohno Shigeru
Published: May 2023

The anti-HIV drug nelfinavir suppresses the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
in vitro
. However, its efficacy in patients with COVID-19 has not been studied.