bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socioeconomic Inequalities in Hypertension in Kenya: A Decomposition Analysis of 2015 Kenya STEPwise Survey on Non-communicable Diseases Risk Factors
Authors: Gatimu Samwel Maina , John Thomas Wiswa
Published: July 2020

IntroductionOne in four Kenyans have raised blood pressure. Despite this high prevalence of hypertension and known association between socioeconomic status and hypertension, there is a paucity of evidence on inequality in raised blood pressure in Kenya. Hence, we quantified the socioeconomic inequality in hypertension in Kenya and decomposed the determinants contributing to such inequality.MethodsWe used data from the 2015 Kenya STEP wise survey for non-communicable diseases risk factors. We included 4,398 respondents aged 18–69 years. We estimated the socioeconomic inequality using the concentration index (C) and decomposed the C using Wag staff decomposition analysis.ResultsThe overall concentration index of hypertension in Kenya was − 0.08 (95% CI: −0.14, − 0.02; p = 0.007), showing socioeconomic inequalities in hypertension disfavouring the poor population. Half (52.8%) of the pro-rich inequalities in hypertension was explained by body mass index (52.8%) while 21.1% by socioeconomic factors (paid employment (9.3%), education (7.7%) and poorest wealth quintile (4.1%)) and 17.6% by demographic factors (female gender (11.8%), age (5.2%) and marital status (0.6%)). Regional differences explained 8.1% of the estimated inequality with the Central region alone explaining 6.9% of the observed inequality. Our model explained 98.3% of the estimated socioeconomic inequality in hypertension in Kenya with a small non-explained part of the inequality (− 0.001).ConclusionThe present study shows substantial socioeconomic inequalities in hypertension in Kenya, mainly explained by metabolic risk factors (body mass index), individual health behaviours, and socioeconomic factors. Kenya needs gender- and equity-focused interventions to curb the rising burden of hypertension and inequalities in hypertension.
Health Risk, Functional Markers and Cognitive Status in Institutionalized Older Adults: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Pedrero-Chamizo Raquel , Albers Ulrike , Palacios Gonzalo , Pietrzik Klaus , Meléndez Agustín , González-Gross Marcela
Published: July 2020

Background
Follow-up of vitamin B12 and lipids status is essential in older people, being closely related to non-communicable diseases. Their relationships with cognitive and physical status are not clear. The purpose of this study was to analyze the evolution of vitamin B12 and related parameters, lipid and hematological profiles, and their relationships with cognitive and physical status among institutionalized elderly.
Methods
Sixty residents (68% women), ranged from 62 to 99 years (mean age 85.1 ± 5.5 and 80.6 ± 9.9 years for women and men, respectively) were recruited from three nursing homes in Madrid Community (Spain). Biomarkers (vitamin B12 and related parameters, lipid and hematological profiles), functional capacity (handgrip, arm and leg strength), and cognitive status (Mini-Mental State Examination) were evaluated four times at 3-month intervals.
Results
At the beginning of the study, 63% and 70% of the sample showed abnormal homocysteine and folate values, respectively. At the end of the year, abnormal homocysteine increased to 68%, abnormal folate values decreased to 50%. Throughout the year, serum folate showed a significant increase (14.9 vs. 16.3 nmol/L), (p < 0.05). Serum cobalamin (299 vs. 273 pmol/L). HDL-cholesterol (49.9 vs. 47.0 mg/dL) and triglyceride levels (102.4 vs. 123.2 mg/dL) showed a significant decrease and increase respectively in mean values (all p < 0.05). Serum cobalamin and HDL-cholesterol were the most important biomarkers associated with cognitive function (both p < 0.05). The most relevant biomarkers associated with poor physical strength depending on the body part analyzed were low concentrations of HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein A1, and albumin (all p < 0.05).
Conclusions
The evolution of lipid biomarkers, their significance with cognitive values, and association with handgrip, point to the importance of the handgrip measurement, a very simple test, as an important health marker. Both serum albumin and physical strength are important health markers in older people.
Chiaurinib Selectively Inhibits Colorectal Cancer with KRAS Wild-Type by Modulation of ROS through Activating the p53 Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yin Haofan , Xie Jineye , Jiang Ping , Jiang Xi , Duan Deyu , Qi Junhua , Ma Caiqi , Hong Honghai , Luo Zhaofan
Published: July 2020

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the top three most deadly cancers despite using chemotherapy based on oxaliplatin or irinotecan combined with targeted therapy. Chiaurinib has recently been identified to be a promising anticancer candidate with impressive efficacy and safety. However, the role and molecular mechanisms of Chiaurinib in the treatment of CRC remain to be elucidated.Methods: Cell proliferation and apoptosis were detected by CCK-8, EDU staining, Colony formation assay, TUNEL staining and flow cytometric analysis. ROS production was confirmed by Mito-SOX and DCF-DA fluorescence. RNA-Seq and GSEA analysis were used to explore the mechanisms of the effect of Chiaurinib in KRAS wild-type CRC cells.Results: Our study shows that Chiaurinib inhibits cell proliferation and induces apoptosis in KRAS wild-type CRC cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner, but not mutation ones. Meanwhile, Chiaurinib increases ROS production in KRAS wild-type CRC cells. Moreover, Chiaurinib selectively suppresses KRAS wild-type CRC cells growth in vivo. Mechanistically, Chiaurinib inhibits KRAS wild-type CRC cells by triggering ROS production via activating the p53 signaling pathway. Further, KRAS mutation CRC cells are resistant to Chiaurinib by increasing Nrf2 to stably elevate the basal antioxidant program and thereby lower intracellular ROS induced by Chiaurinib.Conclusions: Taken together, we reveal that Chiauranib induces p53 upregulation, resulting in ROS accumulation, thus inhibiting cell proliferation and inducing apoptosis in KRAS wild-type CRC cells. Our findings provide the rationale for further clinical evaluation of Chiaurinib as a therapeutic agent in treating KRAS wild-type CRC.
The potential identical hemo-biological makers to the left abomasal displacement in dairy cows
Authors: Song Yuxiang , Loor Juan J , Zhao Chenchen , Huang Dan , Du Xiliang , Li Xiaobing , Wang Zhe , Liu Guowen , Li Xinwei
Published: July 2020

Background
Left abomasal displacement (LDA) occurs at high frequency in the early postpartum period and can affect production performance of dairy cows. Clinical diagnosis of LDA is usually done by abdominal auscultation and percussion. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential applicability of blood biomarkers for early warning and diagnosis of LDA in dairy cows.
Results
Twenty early postpartum healthy cows and thirty early postpartum LDA cows of similar parity were used. A receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) method was used to analyze the sensitivity of hematological biomarkers to LDA including energy balance metabolic biomarkers, liver/renal function biomarkers, and minerals. A cut-off point was defined for each of the selected hematological biomarkers deemed sensitive markers of LDA. Compared with healthy cows, body condition score (BCS), dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production were lower in LDA cows. Among energy metabolism markers, serum non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA), β-hydroxybutyric acid (BHBA), insulin (INS), and revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (RQUICKI) levels were lower while serum glucagon (GC) was greater in LDA cows. Among the liver/renal function biomarkers, activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), the ratio of AST/ALT and levels of total bilirubin (TBIL), direct bilirubin (DBIL), indirect bilirubin (IBIL), albumin (ALB), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CREA), and total protein (TP) were greater in LDA cows. Among minerals analyzed, serum Cl, Ca, and K were lower in LDA cows. After ROC analysis, it was determined that serum Ca, INS, RQUICKI, ALT, GGT, and CREA are potential indicators for early warning and diagnosis of LDA in dairy cows.
Conclusions
Dairy cows with LDA were under severe negative energy balance (NEB), had signs of liver damage and potentially lower insulin sensitivity. A combination of multi-hematological biomarkers including Ca, INS, RQUICKI, ALT, GGT and CREA has the potential to help identify cows at risk of LDA.
Predicting the Effect of Environmental Humidity on COVID-19 Trend in Medan, Indonesia
Authors: Purnama Tri Bayu
Published: July 2020

COVID-19 remained a public health problem and reportedly associated with the environment. However, this environment parameters have not determined yet the correlation to COVID-19. This study used ecological study to investigate time series of environment parameters and COVID-19 data. Spearman correlation test was applied to analyzed the correlation. Humidity has detected as positive correlation with COVID-19 and temperature has shown as negative correlation. Predicting trend of environment parameters and COVID-19 is needed to conduct public health preparedness of COVID-19 strategy.
Clinical Performance of Non-Invasive Prenatal Testing for Sex Chromosomal Aneuploidies in Northeast China
Authors: Wang Lu , Dai Rulin , Shi Qingyang , Jiang Yuting , Zhang Hongguo , Liu Ruizhi , Xi Qi
Published: July 2020

Background: Along with the discovery of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and the invention of next-generation sequencing (NGS), non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) had appeared and been applied for detecting common aneuploidies such as trisomy 21, 18, and 13, with low false-negative and false-positive rates. Recently, it had also been used for sex chromosome aneuploidies (SCAs). To assess the clinical utility of NIPT for SCAs in Northeast China, we collected NIPT data from BGI 500 sequencing platform in the Center for Reproductive Medicine, Center for Prenatal Diagnosis of the First Hospital of Jilin University, and calculate the positive predictive value (PPV) and false positive rate (FPR). Results: A cohort of 14936 samples were analyzed by NIPT, and revealed 70 cases with SCAs high-risk, among them, 40 women agreed to undergo amniocentesis, but as many as 30 ones refused further diagnose. Based on verified fetal karyotype, 30.0% (12/40) were confirmed to be a true positive. Unluckily, the PPV for monosomy X performed 0%. Besides, positive 47,XXX were 46.67% (7/15), 40.00% (2/5) were positive for 47, XYY, and 42.86% (3/7) were positive for 47, XXY.Conclusions: In conclusion, our present results confirmed that NIPT sequenced by BGI 500 demonstrated lowest PPVs for 45,X, but the more accurate prediction for other SCAs, it is still a potential method for SCAs screening. Henceforth, we should focus on how to improve the test utility and provide better services for pregnant women in need.
Special Foods and Local Herbs Used to Enhance Breast milk Production in Ghana: Rate of Use and Beliefs of Efficacy
Authors: Ali Zakari , Bukari Mohammed , Mwinisonaam Anita , Abdul-Rahaman Abdul-Latif , Abizari Abdul-Razak
Published: July 2020

Background
Inadequate breast milk production is one of the key factors associated with suboptimal breastfeeding. In most local African homes, special herbs and some food items are commonly used to promote breast milk production (known as lactogogue/galactogogue). We describe the use and characterize the herbs and food items used to promote breastmilk production in two regions of Ghana.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 402 lactating mothers. The range of foods used as lactogogues was obtained through focus group discussions. Quantitative data on demographics, lactogogue use and feeding practices were obtained through questionnaire administration.
Results
The mean age of women was 29.2 years and children were 10 months. Breastmilk production problems were low (22.4%) and majority of lactating mothers felt they had adequate breastmilk (70.4%) but awareness about lactogogues was widespread in both regions (88.8%) and highest in the Brong-Ahafo region (90.0%). Information about lactogogues was mainly from grandparents (24.6%), parents (31.6), health facilities (16.5%) and friends (12.8%), while the media had little influence (< 1%). Prevalence of lactogogue use was 83.8%, lactogogues were prepared separate from household meals (59.4%) and consumed 1 to 3 times a day (89.6%). Users felt the effectiveness within 24hrs of use (98.5%). The most common lactogogues included; groundnut/peanut soup prepared with Bra leaves (Hibiscus sabdariffa), hot black tea, Werewere/Agushi (Citrulus colocynthis) prepared with Bra leaves, and Abemudro (a polyherbal formulation). Only 13.2% of lactating mothers also used lactogogues during pregnancy.
Conclusion
Special foods and selected herbs are widely used to enhance breastmilk production in Ghana and constitute an important part of the diet of lactating mothers. These results could contribute to understanding breastfeeding behaviours and professional support for lactating women with breast milk production concerns in Ghana.
WITHDRAWN: A first Japanese Case of Intraductal Cancer of the Prostate with CHEK2 Mutation
Authors: Hongo Hiroshi , Kosaka Takeo , Nakamura Kohei , Mikami Shuji , Nishihara Hiroshi , Oya Mototsugu
Published: July 2020

Background: Genomic profiling of tissue biopsies can be used to investigate genomic alterations. Although genomic analysis is also useful for precision medicine of prostate cancer, it is unclear whether to apply the results of this analysis to treatment. Case presentation: A 62-year-old man underwent docetaxel therapy and enzalutamide for castration-resistant prostate cancer. However, he developed urinary retention and radiological images showed progression of prostate cancer. We performed prostate biopsy and trans-urethral resection of the prostate. Pathological examination showed acinar adenocarcinoma with intraductal carcinoma. Although docetaxel rechallenge and cabazitaxel therapy were attempted, the tumor expanded to the rectum and his systemic condition worsened gradually (Fig. 1). Palliative care was started and the patient was transferred to another hospital. We performed next-generation sequencing using DNA from FFPE tissue of the TUR-P specimen. We identified 4 genetic variants with in the FFPE tissue sample. Remarkably, CHEK2 alteration was known to be associated with some solid cancer progression. Conclusions: The results of genetic analysis suggested that modification of tumor suppressor pathways might be associated with refractory nature of his cancer.
Social Distancing During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Quantifying the Practice in Michigan – a “Hotspot State” Early in the Pandemic – Using a Volunteer-Based Online Survey
Authors: Cassidy-Bushrow Andrea E. , Baseer Mohammed , Kippen Karen , Levin Albert M. , Li Jia , Loveless Ian , Poisson Laila M. , Schultz Lonni , Wegienka Ganesa , Zhou Yueren , Johnson Christine Cole
Published: July 2020

Background: Public Health policies related to social distancing efforts during the COVID-19 pandemic helped slow the infection rate. However, individual-level factors associated with social distancing are largely unknown. We sought to examine social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan, an infection “hotspot” state in the United States early in the pandemic.Methods: Two surveys were distributed to Michigan residents via email lists and social media following COVID-19 related state mandates in March; 45,691 adults responded to the first survey and 8,512 to the second. Staying home ≥ 3 out of 5 previous days defined having more social distancing. Logistic regression models were used to examine potential factors associated with more social distancing.Results: Most respondents were women (86% in Survey 1, 87% in Survey 2). In Survey 1, 63% reported more social distancing, increasing to 78% in Survey 2. Female sex and having someone (or self) sick in the home were consistently associated with higher social distancing, while increasing age was positively associated in Survey 1 but negatively associated in Survey 2. Most respondents felt social distancing policies were important (88% in Survey 1; 91% in Survey 2). Conclusions: Michiganders responding to the surveys were both practicing and supportive of social distancing. State-level executive orders positively impacted behaviors early in the COVID-19 pandemic in Michigan. Additional supports are needed to help vulnerable populations practice social distancing, including older individuals.
THE STUDY OF THE ACTIVATION OF MTORC1 AND ITS SUBSTRATE P70S6K INVOLVED IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AND ONCOGENETIC PROCESSES
Authors: Vatseba T. S. , Sokolova L. K. , Pushkarev V. V. , Kovzun O. I. , Pushkarev V. M. , Tronko M. D.
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Pathogenetic factors of diabetes may affect the activity of intracellular systems of oncogenesis and metabolism regulation, one of which is PI3K/Akt/mTORC1. Macrophages and lymphocytes are involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes and cancer. Detection of excessive activation of PI3K/Akt/mTORC1 components and substrates in these cells may indicate the need for additional correction of metabolic processes in patients with type 2 diabetes from the point of prevention of cancer. The aim: to study the activation of mTORC1 by determining the phosphorylation of PRAS40 and p70S6K1 in the leukocytes of patients with type 2 diabetes and cancer. Materials and methods. The study included women from the following groups: control group, patients with type 2 diabetes, cancer patients, patients with both diseases. The content of phosphorylated PRAS40 (phospho-T246) and p70S6K1 (phospho-T389) was determined using laboratory kits ELISA KNO0421 and ELISA 85-86053 of Invitrogen (USA). The protein concentration in the lysate was determined using a BCA Novagen protein assay kit (USA). Measurements were performed on a microplate reader (Bio-tek Instruments, USA) at a wavelength of 450 nm. Results. Significantly increased the content of phosphorylated PRAS40 and p70S6K1 in leukocytes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cancer was detected. The number of positive phospho-PRAS40 tests in patients with diabetes was 83.3%, and in cancer patients - 66.7%. Was revealed the reduced content of phospho-PRAS40 in leukocytes of patients with a combination of diabetes and cancer. Conclusions. The increased amount of phosphorylated PRAS40 and p70S6K1 proves the activation of the studied signaling pathway by diabetes mellitus type 2. Its decrease by cancer and diabetes can be explained by the possible competing effects of the proteins that affect upstream regulators of these kinases or them directly.
Inorganic contaminants in Canadian First Nation community water systems
Authors: Lane Kaycie , Trueman Benjamin F. , Locsin Javier , Gagnon Graham A.
Published: July 2020

While previous Canadian studies have examined microbiological water quality in First Nations, there is little published information on inorganic contaminants. In Atlantic Canada, the lead, manganese, and arsenic content of First Nations’ drinking water has been measured for more than a decade, but the data have not been analyzed comprehensively. These contaminants are linked with health problems, and high levels in drinking water are a cause for concern. We examined 12 years of data from 47 First Nation community water systems to identify systems experiencing difficulties meeting sampling frequency or regulatory guidelines. While most contaminant concentrations were below guideline values, we identified elevated concentrations and issues with sampling frequency. No system met both sampling frequency requirements – a minimum of one sample per year per analyte – and regulatory guidelines. Exceedance rates for lead, manganese, and arsenic were high in some systems. Moreover, current sampling procedures for lead specify that taps be flushed prior to sampling, which is known to underestimate lead exposure. We find that a switch to random daytime sampling would at least sometimes yield higher estimates of lead at the tap. Our analysis demonstrates the need for increased monitoring and updated sampling procedures to better characterize inorganic contaminant occurrence in First Nations.
Tertiary phosphorus removal to extremely low levels by coagulation-flocculation and cloth-filtration
Authors: Fundneider T. , Alejo L. , Lackner S.
Published: July 2020

Higher standards in the European Water Framework Directive and national directive demand advanced wastewater treatment for removal of nutrients and organic micropollutants before the discharge into water bodies. Systematic investigations regarding relative dosage and filtration processes for removal of flocculated solids are currently lacking. In this study, the performance of technologies for advanced removal of total phosphorus down to <100 μg/L with pile cloth-filtration (CF) and membrane filtration was verified and synergy effects for the removal of other contaminants were identified. The results show that an over-stoichiometric addition of coagulants of >5 mol Me3+/mol sRP was necessary to achieve soluble reactive phosphorus (sRP) concentrations of <50 μg/L in the effluent. After the coupled process of tertiary phosphorus removal and solids removal, the soluble non-reactive phosphorus (sNRP) concentration regulates the lowest total phosphorus effluent concentration. sNRP is also partially, but not completely, removed by the use of coagulants. CF has proven to be an alternative technology for the removal of phosphorus and total suspended solids below the detection limit.
Optimization of technological parameters for cyclic steam stimulation of oil reservoirs
Authors: Fedorov Konstantin M. , Shevelev Alexander P. , Gilmanov Alexander Ya. , Kovalchuk Tatyana N.
Published: July 2020

Depletion of oil reserves leads to need to develop unconventional and hard-to-recover reserves, including high-viscosity oil fields. An effective way to do this is to use thermal enhanced oil recovery methods. Existing models do not consider the actual displacement of the heating front with convective flows. Therefore, the actual tasks are to model the physical processes occurring in the reservoir and to optimize the technological parameters of the development during cyclic steam stimulation.
This article is a continuation of earlier research and offers to consider a different version of movement of boundary of heating front. Clarification of the development of thermal field in reservoir is associated with setting the shape of boundary considering gravitational forces, in contrast to the previously proposed model, where the assumption of the frontal propagation of the thermal front is accepted.
The aims of the article are to determine the production rate for cyclic steam stimulation with described geometry; calculation steam injection time using real data, optimization of production.
The research methodology is based on the use of a system of conservation laws. The main equations are solved analytically, and the flow rate is calculated using Newton’s iterative method.
Thus, this article offers the first integrated physical-mathematical model of cyclic steam stimulation, considering the presence of convective and gravitational forces in the formation of heated zone profile. Problem of production optimization is solved using real data. The characteristic times are consistent with the real data. These calculations help to choose the most rational development strategy.
Experimental investigation and mathematical model of a heat exchanger with porous metal inserts
Authors: Aksenov Boris G. , Stepanov Oleg A. , Rydalina Natalia V.
Published: July 2020

When creating and manufacturing heat exchangers, one of the main tasks is to increase the efficiency of heat transfer. The use of porous metals in heat exchangers is one of the promising ways to increase the heat transfer intensity, which determines the relevance of the study. The paper provides an overview of the status of this issue on literary sources. The purpose of the work is to conduct an experimental study of a heat exchanger with porous materials, to compile a mathematical model that allows analytical calculations of such heat exchangers, to confirm the correctness of the compiled model experimentally. An experimental bench has been created to study a heat exchanger that uses porous aluminum. The hot fluid is warm water that flows through pipes passing through a porous metal. The cold coolant flowing through the pores is freon, which cools the water. A schematic diagram and description of the stand are presented. A test cycle has been conducted. A comparison of the heat transfer intensity for materials of different porosity is given.
Using standard methods for calculating heat exchangers in this case is not possible due to the lack of standard methods for determining the area of the inner surface with pores. In the course of the work, the standard equation describing the cooling of a porous body was proposed to be supplemented by the function of distributed heat sources. As a result, we have obtained a mathematical model of the heat exchanger under consideration in a simplified form, which can be used in technical calculations. The calculation results by the obtained method are correlated with the data of experiments. Deviations of empirical and theoretical data are within acceptable limits. The results obtained make it possible to use porous metals in order to increase the heat transfer intensity in the manufacture of heat exchangers. This technique allows calculations with an unknown heat exchange surface area, taking into account the heat capacity and heat of phase transition, if any.
According to the methodology, the article is experimental-theoretical. Experiments are being conducted on the created laboratory bench. In parallel, calculations are made according to the developed mathematical model. The results are compared. Conclusions are made of a theoretical and applied nature.
Fused and Substituted Pyrimidine Derivatives as Profound Anti-Cancer Agents
Authors: Abbas Nahid , Matada Gurubasavaraja S.P. , Dhiwar Prasad S. , Patel Shilpa , Devasahayam Giles
Published: July 2020

The rationale behind drug design is the strategic utilization of heterocyclic fragments with specific
physicochemical properties to form molecular targeted agents. Among the heterocyclic molecules, pyrimidine
has proved to be a privileged pharmacophore for various biological cancer targets. The anti-cancer potential of
small molecules with fused and substituted pyrimidines can be enhanced through bioisosteric replacements and
altering their ADME parameters. Although several small molecules are used in cancer chemotherapy, oncology
therapeutics has various limitations, especially in their routes of administration and their concurrent side effects.
Such pernicious effects may be overcome, via selective biological targeting. In this review, the biological targets,
to inhibit cancer, have been discussed. The structural activity relationship of fused and substituted
pyrimidines was studied. Eco-friendly synthetic approaches for pyrimidine derivatives have also been discussed.
This review will give an insight to scientists and researchers of medicinal chemistry discipline to design small
molecules having a pyrimidine scaffold with high anti-cancer potential.
Proapoptotic Effects of triazol-1,4-Naphthoquinones Involve Intracellular ROS Production and MAPK/ERK Pathway in Human Leukemia Cells
Authors: Coulidiati Tangbadioa H. , Dantas Bruna B. , Faheina-Martins Glaucia V. , de Morais Gomes Enéas Ricardo , Gonçalves Juan C.R. , de Araújo Demetrius A. Machado
Published: July 2020

Background:

The natural products constitute an important source of antitumor and cytotoxic agents.
Naphthoquinones are effectively quinones present in different plants, with demonstrated anticancer activities. A
recent study conducted by our group demonstrated the antileukemic potential of two novel triazol-1,4-
naphthoquinones derivatives, PTN (2-(4-Phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)-1,4-naphthoquinone) and MPTN (2-[4-
(4-Methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl]-1,4-naphthoquinone). Although, the mechanisms underlying the
proapoptotic effects of PTN and MPTN have not been fully elucidated so far.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to evaluate the proapoptotic mechanism of PTN and MPTN in human
acute leukemia cells.

Methods:

We used fluorescence microscopy to observe acridine orange and annexin V staining cells. Flow
cytometry assay has also been used for ROS quantification, BAX and cytochrome c proteins expression and
apoptosis analysis. MTT assay and western blotting technique have been performed as well for MAPK pathway
analysis.

Results:

By using the acridine orange and annexin V staining with fluorescence microscopy, we have characterized
the proapoptotic effects of PTN and MPTN in HL-60 cells involving the intrinsic mitochondrial pathway,
since these compounds promoted an increase in the intracellular BAX and cytochrome c protein levels (p<0.05).
We further demonstrated that apoptosis induction in HL-60 cells was mediated by increasing intracellular ROS
levels via ERK but not p38 MAPKs pathway.

Conclusion:

Taken together, these results have demonstrated that PTN and MPTN are promising tools for the
development of new anti-leukemic drugs.
lncRNAs as Potential Targets in Small Cell Lung Cancer: MYC -dependent Regulation
Authors: Tokgun Onur , Tokgun Pervin E. , Inci Kubilay , Akca Hakan
Published: July 2020

Background:

Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive malignancy. MYC family oncogenes
are amplified and overexpressed in 20% of SCLCs, showing that MYC oncogenes and MYC regulated
genes are strong candidates as therapeutic targets for SCLC. c-MYC plays a fundamental role in cancer stem
cell properties and malignant transformation. Several targets have been identified by the activation/repression of
MYC. Deregulated expression levels of lncRNAs have also been observed in many cancers.

Objective:

The aim of the present study is to investigate the lncRNA profiles which depend on MYC expression
levels in SCLC.

Methods:

Firstly, we constructed lentiviral vectors for MYC overexpression/inhibition. MYC expression is
suppressed by lentiviral shRNA vector in MYC amplified H82 and N417 cells, and overexpressed by lentiviral
inducible overexpression vector in MYC non-amplified H345 cells. LncRNA cDNA is transcribed from total
RNA samples, and 91 lncRNAs are evaluated by qRT-PCR.

Results:

We observed that N417, H82 and H345 cells require MYC for their growth. Besides, MYC is not only
found to regulate the expressions of genes related to invasion, stem cell properties, apoptosis and cell cycle (p21,
Bcl2, cyclinD1, Sox2, Aldh1a1, and N-Cadherin), but also found to regulate lncRNAs. With this respect, expressions
of AK23948, ANRIL, E2F4AS, GAS5, MEG3, H19, L1PA16, SFMBT2, ZEB2NAT, HOTAIR,
Sox2OT, PVT1, and BC200 were observed to be in parallel with MYC expression, whereas expressions of
Malat1, PTENP1, Neat1, UCA1, SNHG3, and SNHG6 were inversely correlated.

Conclusion:

Targeting MYC-regulated genes as a therapeutic strategy can be important for SCLC therapy. This
study indicated the importance of identifying MYC-regulated lncRNAs and that these can be utilized to develop
a therapeutic strategy for SCLC.
Worldwide Prevalence of Hearing Loss Among Smartphone Users: Cross-Sectional Study Using a Mobile-Based App
Authors: Masalski Marcin , Morawski Krzysztof
Published: July 2020

Background

In addition to the aging process, risk factors for hearing loss in adults include, among others, exposure to noise, use of ototoxic drugs, genetics, and limited access to medical care. Differences in exposure to these factors are bound to be reflected in the prevalence of hearing loss. Assessment of hearing loss can easily be carried out on a large scale and at low cost using mobile apps.

Objective

This study aimed to conduct a worldwide assessment of the differences in hearing loss prevalence between countries in a group of mobile device users.

Methods

Hearing tests were conducted using the open-access Android-based mobile app Hearing Test. The app is available free of charge in the Google Play store, provided that consent to the use of the results for scientific purposes is given. This study included hearing tests carried out on device models supported by the app with bundled headphones in the set. Calibration factors for supported models were determined using the biological method. The tests consisted of self-determining the quietest audible tone in the frequency range from 250 Hz to 8 kHz by adjusting its intensity using the buttons. The ambient noise level was optionally monitored using a built-in microphone. Following the test, the user could compare his hearing threshold against age norms by providing his or her age. The user's location was identified based on the phone’s IP address.

Results

From November 23, 2016 to November 22, 2019, 733,716 hearing tests were conducted on 236,716 mobile devices across 212 countries. After rejecting the tests that were incomplete, performed with disconnected headphones, not meeting the time criterion, repeated by the same user, or carried out regularly on one device, 116,733 of 733,716 tests (15.9%) were qualified for further analysis. The prevalence of hearing loss, defined as the average threshold at frequencies 0.5 kHz, 1 kHz, 2 kHz, and 4 kHz above 25 dB HL in the better ear, was calculated at 15.6% (95% CI 15.4-15.8). Statistically significant differences were found between countries (P<.001), with the highest prevalences for Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India (>28%) and the lowest prevalences for Taiwan, Finland, and South Korea (<11%).

Conclusions

Hearing thresholds measured by means of mobile devices were congruent with the literature data on worldwide hearing loss prevalence. Uniform recruitment criteria simplify the comparison of the hearing loss prevalence across countries. Hearing testing on mobile devices may be a valid tool in epidemiological studies carried out on a large scale.
The Internet Hospital Plus Drug Delivery Platform for Health Management During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Observational Study
Authors: Ding Liang , She Qiuru , Chen Fengxian , Chen Zitong , Jiang Meifang , Huang Huasi , Li Yujin , Liao Chaofeng
Published: July 2020

Background

Widespread access to the internet has boosted the emergence of online hospitals. A new outpatient service called “internet hospital plus drug delivery” (IHDD) has been developed in China, but little is known about this platform.

Objective

The aim of this study is to investigate the characteristics, acceptance, and initial impact of IHDD during the outbreak of COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in South China

Methods

The total number of and detailed information on online prescriptions during the first 2 months after work resumption were obtained. Patients’ gender, age, residence, associated prescription department, time of prescription, payment, and drug delivery region were included in the analysis.

Results

A total of 1380 prescriptions were picked up or delivered between March 2 and April 20, 2020. The largest group of patients were 36-59 years old (n=680, 49.3%), followed by the 18-35 years age category (n=573, 41.5%). In total, 39.4% (n=544) of the patients chose to get their medicine by self-pickup, while 60.6% (n=836) preferred to receive their medicine via drug delivery service. The top five online prescription departments were infectious diseases (n=572, 41.4%), nephrology (n=264, 19.1%), endocrinology (n=145, 10.5%), angiocardiopathy (n=107, 7.8%), and neurology (n=42, 3%). Of the 836 delivered prescriptions, 440 (52.6%) were sent to Guangdong Province (including 363 [43.4%] to Shenzhen), and 396 (47.4%) were sent to other provinces in China.

Conclusions

The IHDD platform is efficient and convenient for various types of patients during the COVID-19 crisis. Although offline visits are essential for patients with severe conditions, IHDD can help to relieve pressure on hospitals by reducing an influx of patients with mild symptoms. Further efforts need to be made to improve the quality and acceptance of IHDD, as well as to regulate and standardize the management of this novel service.
Exploring the Usage Intentions of Wearable Medical Devices: A Demonstration Study
Authors: Chang Chiao-Chen
Published: July 2020

Background

In the face of an aging society, an immediate and preventive medical system urgently needs to be established, and the application of wearable devices is essential. However, the application of smart medical care in Taiwan is still not widespread, and few studies have explored the related issues of wearable medical device usage. Thus, determining the success of a wearable medical device mainly depends on the degree of user adoption and use.

Objective

The purpose of this study was to examine the factors that influence the intention to use wearable medical devices.

Methods

This study applied the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) to build a comprehensive model that explains intentions to use wearable medical devices.

Results

The research findings showed that health consciousness and trust were the strongest predictors of intentions to use wearable medical devices.

Conclusions

The results reveal the magnitudes of the impacts of the variables in a well-accepted revised UTAUT model in the context of the medical industry, particularly in the setting of wearable medical devices. Several important implications for academics and industry decision-makers can be formulated from these results.
Evaluation of a Web-Based ADHD Awareness Training in Primary Care: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial With Nested Interviews
Authors: French Blandine , Hall Charlotte , Perez Vallejos Elvira , Sayal Kapil , Daley David
Published: July 2020

Background

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder affecting up to 5% of children and adults. Undiagnosed and untreated ADHD can result in adverse long-term health, educational, and social impacts for affected individuals. Therefore, it is important to identify this disorder as early as possible. General practitioners (GPs) frequently play a gatekeeper role in access to specialist services in charge of diagnosis and treatment. Studies have shown that their lack of knowledge and understanding about ADHD can create barriers to care.

Objective

This pilot randomized controlled trial assesses the efficacy of a web-based psychoeducation program on ADHD tailored for GPs.

Methods

A total of 221 participants were randomized to either a sham intervention control or an awareness training intervention and they completed questionnaires on ADHD knowledge, confidence, and attitude at 3 time points (preintervention, postintervention, and 2-week follow-up). Participants in the intervention arm were invited to participate in a survey and follow-up interview between 3 and 6 months after the intervention.

Results

The responses of 109 GPs were included in the analysis. The knowledge (P<.001) and confidence (P<.001) of the GPs increased after the intervention, whereas misconceptions decreased (P=.04); this was maintained at the 2-week follow-up (knowledge, P<.001; confidence, P<.001; misconceptions, P=.03). Interviews and surveys also confirmed a change in practice over time.

Conclusions

These findings demonstrate that a short web-based intervention can increase GPs’ understanding, attitude, and practice toward ADHD, potentially improving patients’ access to care.

Trial Registration

International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number ISRCTN45400501; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN45400501.
Current Status and Future Challenges of Sleep Monitoring Systems: Systematic Review
Authors: Pan Qiang , Brulin Damien , Campo Eric
Published: July 2020

Background

Sleep is essential for human health. Considerable effort has been put into academic and industrial research and in the development of wireless body area networks for sleep monitoring in terms of nonintrusiveness, portability, and autonomy. With the help of rapid advances in smart sensing and communication technologies, various sleep monitoring systems (hereafter, sleep monitoring systems) have been developed with advantages such as being low cost, accessible, discreet, contactless, unmanned, and suitable for long-term monitoring.

Objective

This paper aims to review current research in sleep monitoring to serve as a reference for researchers and to provide insights for future work. Specific selection criteria were chosen to include articles in which sleep monitoring systems or devices are covered.

Methods

This review investigates the use of various common sensors in the hardware implementation of current sleep monitoring systems as well as the types of parameters collected, their position in the body, the possible description of sleep phases, and the advantages and drawbacks. In addition, the data processing algorithms and software used in different studies on sleep monitoring systems and their results are presented. This review was not only limited to the study of laboratory research but also investigated the various popular commercial products available for sleep monitoring, presenting their characteristics, advantages, and disadvantages. In particular, we categorized existing research on sleep monitoring systems based on how the sensor is used, including the number and type of sensors, and the preferred position in the body. In addition to focusing on a specific system, issues concerning sleep monitoring systems such as privacy, economic, and social impact are also included. Finally, we presented an original sleep monitoring system solution developed in our laboratory.

Results

By retrieving a large number of articles and abstracts, we found that hotspot techniques such as big data, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and data mining have not been widely applied to the sleep monitoring research area. Accelerometers are the most commonly used sensor in sleep monitoring systems. Most commercial sleep monitoring products cannot provide performance evaluation based on gold standard polysomnography.

Conclusions

Combining hotspot techniques such as big data, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and data mining with sleep monitoring may be a promising research approach and will attract more researchers in the future. Balancing user acceptance and monitoring performance is the biggest challenge in sleep monitoring system research.
Considerations for Health Researchers Using Social Media for Knowledge Translation: Multiple Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Elliott Sarah A , Dyson Michele P , Wilkes Gilbert V , Zimmermann Gabrielle L , Chambers Christine T , Wittmeier Kristy DM , Russell Dianne J , Scott Shannon D , Thomson Denise , Hartling Lisa
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Despite extensive literature describing the use of social media in health research, a gap exists around best practices in establishing, implementing, and evaluating an effective social media knowledge translation (KT) and exchange strategies.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to examine successes, challenges, and lessons learned from using social media within health research and to create practical considerations to guide other researchers.

METHODS

The Knowledge Translation Platform of the Alberta Strategy for Patient-Oriented Research SUPPORT Unit formed a national working group involving platform staff, academics, and a parent representative with experience using social media for health research. We collected and analyzed 4 case studies that used a variety of social media platforms and evaluation methods. The case studies covered a spectrum of initiatives from participant recruitment and data collection to dissemination, engagement, and evaluation. Methods and findings from each case study as well as barriers and facilitators encountered were summarized. Through iterative discussions, we converged on recommendations and considerations for health researchers planning to use social media for KT.

RESULTS

We provide recommendations for elements to consider when developing a social media KT strategy: (1) set a clear goal and identify a theory, framework, or model that aligns with the project goals and objectives; (2) understand the intended audience (use social network mapping to learn what platforms and social influences are available); (3) choose a platform or platforms that meet the needs of the intended audience and align well with the research team’s capabilities (can you tap into an existing network, and what mode of communication does it support?); (4) tailor messages to meet user needs and platform requirements (eg, plain language and word restrictions); (5) consider timing, frequency, and duration of messaging as well as the nature of interactions (ie, social filtering and negotiated awareness); (6) ensure adequate resources and personnel are available (eg, content creators, project coordinators, communications experts, and audience stakeholder or patient advocate); (7) develop an evaluation plan a priori driven by goals and types of data available (ie, quantitative and qualitative); and (8) consider ethical approvals needed (driven by evaluation and type of data collection).

CONCLUSIONS

In the absence of a comprehensive framework to guide health researchers using social media for KT, we provide several key considerations. Future research will help validate the proposed components and create a body of evidence around best practices for using and evaluating social media as part of a KT strategy
Scheduled Telephone Support for Internet Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Depression in Patients at Risk for Dropout: Pragmatic Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Pihlaja Satu , Lahti Jari , Lipsanen Jari Olavi , Ritola Ville , Gummerus Eero-Matti , Stenberg Jan-Henry , Joffe Grigori
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Therapist-supported, internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) is efficient in the treatment of depression. However, the optimal mode and intensity of therapist support remain to be identified. Scheduled telephone support (STS) may improve adherence and outcomes but, as it is time- and resource-consuming, should be reserved for patients for whom the usual support may be insufficient.

OBJECTIVE

This paper aims to reveal whether add-on STS for patients at risk of dropping out improves treatment adherence and symptoms in iCBT for depression.

METHODS

Among patients participating in an ongoing large observational routine clinical practice study of iCBT for depression delivered nationwide by Helsinki University Hospital (HUS-iCBT), those demonstrating a ≥14-day delay in initiation of treatment received invitations to this subsidiary STS study. A total of 100 consenting patients were randomly allocated to either HUS-iCBT as usual (control group, n=50) or HUS-iCBT plus add-on STS (intervention group, n=50). Proportions of those reaching midtreatment and treatment end point served as the primary outcome; secondary outcomes were change in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI)–measured depressive symptoms and time spent in treatment.

RESULTS

Add-on STS raised the proportion of patients reaching midtreatment compared with HUS-iCBT as usual (29/50, 58% vs 18/50, 36%; P=.045) and treatment end point (12/50, 24% vs 3/50, 6%; P=.02). Change in BDI score also favored add-on STS (3.63 points vs 1.1 points; P=.049), whereas duration of treatment did not differ.

CONCLUSIONS

Add-on STS enhances adherence and symptom improvement of patients at risk of dropping out of iCBT for depression in routine clinical practice.

CLINICALTRIAL

International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) 55123131; http://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN55123131.