bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in lifestyles and depressive symptom among patients with chronic diseases during COVID-19 lockdown
Authors: He Wei , Zhao Xueyin , Yang Zhiying , Min Yan , Wu Yi-Hsuan , Kang Qingcong , Frost Eleanor , Gao Peng , Yang Yang , Chen Xinyu , Chen Lijin , Lu Ying , Hsing Ann W. , Zhu Shankuan
Published: March 2022

This study aims to investigate the impact of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors and depressive symptom among patients with NCDs.We incorporated a COVID-19 survey to the WELL China cohort, a prospective cohort study with the baseline survey conducted 8–16 months before the COVID-19 outbreak in Hangzhou, China. The COVID-19 survey was carried out to collect information on lifestyle and depressive symptom during lockdown.A total of 3,327 participants were included in the COVID-19 survey, including 2,098 (63.1%) reported having NCDs at baseline and 1,457 (44%) without NCDs. The prevalence of current drinkers decreased from 42.9% before COVID-19 lockdown to 23.7% during lockdown, current smokers from 15.9–13.5%, and poor sleepers from 23.9–15.3%, while low physical activity increased from 13.4–25.2%, among participants with NCDs. Participants with NCDs were more likely than those without to have depressive symptom (OR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.05–1.61), especially among those who need to refill their medication during the COVID-19 lockdown (OR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.15–2.02).Our findings provide insight into the development of targeted interventions to better prepare patients with NCDs and healthcare system to meet the challenge of future pandemic and lockdown, which is highly likely to happen in the near future.
Environmental Risk Factors Associated With Bovine Mastitis in an Amazon Micro-region
Authors: Vieira Romero Kadran , Rodrigues Marcos , Santos Patrícia Kaline , Medeiros Natalia Bianca , Cândido Ebson Pereira , Nunes-Rodrigues Marilia Danyelle
Published: March 2022

In this study we evaluated the main risk factors for the occurrence of bovine mastitis, in the southeastern of Pará, in the Brazilian Amazon. In this research we gathered data from 91 dairy farmers through structured questionnaires to identify management practices and breed characteristics. Along with the questionnaire, a sample of 50 mL of milk was collected from each property for microbiological analysis using somatic cell counts (SCC). A logit model was used to determine the probability of subclinical mastitis occurrence, depending on management practices and breed. One risk factor associated with mastitis was irrigated pastures, where the chances of mastitis was 5.03 times higher than in non-irrigated pastures. Herds comprising the Girolando breed increased the chances of mastitis by 5.8 times over those comprising crossbred cows. In production systems where common cloth are used to teat drying the chances of occurrence were 33 times greater compared to drying them using paper towels. The adoption of better management practices in dairy farmers could lead to reduce SCC, increasing both milk quality and guarrating that farmers keep SCC at Brazilian legal limits for Amazon region.
Methods to Capture Proteomic and Metabolomic Signatures from Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum of Healthy Individuals
Authors: Lilley Laura M. , Sanche Steven , Moore Shepard C. , Salemi Michelle R. , Vu Dung , Iyer Srinivas , Hengartner Nicolas W. , Mukundan Harshini
Published: March 2022

Discovery of reliable signatures for the empirical diagnosis of neurological diseases – both infectious and non-infectious – remains unrealized. One of the primary challenges encountered in such studies is the lack of a comprehensive database representative of a signature background that exists in healthy individuals, and against which an aberrant event can be assessed. For neurological insults and injuries, it is important to understand the normal profile in the neuronal (cerebrospinal fluid) and systemic fluids (e.g., blood). Here, we present a comparative multi-omic human database of of serum and cerebrospinal fluid signatures derived from a population of 30 individuals (15 males, 15 females, 23–74 years) as a first step towards establishing a comprehensive database in future. In addition to empirical signatures, we also assigned common pathways between serum and CSF. Together, our findings provide a strategy to establish a biomarker baseline against which aberrant signature profiles in individuals with neurological injuries/disease can be assessed – providing a pathway for comprehensive diagnostics and therapeutics discovery.
The Prevalence And Outcomes Of Depression In Older HIV-Positive Adults In Northern Tanzania: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Dua Damneek , Stubbs Oliver , Urasa Sarah , Rogathi Jane , Duinmaijer Ashanti , Howlett William , Dekker Marieke , Kisoli Aloyce , Mukaetova-Ladinska Elizabeta , Gray William , Lewis Thomas , Walker Richard , Dotchin Catherine , Lwezuala Bingileki , Makupa Philip , Paddick Stella-Maria
Published: March 2022

Background: Studies of depression and its outcomes in older people living with HIV (PLWH) are currently lacking in sub-Saharan Africa Objectives: To investigate prevalence of psychiatric disorders in PLWH aged ≥50 years in Tanzania focussing on prevalence and two-year outcomes of depression.Method: PLWH aged ≥50 were systematically recruited from an outpatient clinic and assessed using the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric interview (MINI). Neurological and functional impairment were assessed at year two follow-up. Results: At baseline, 253 PLWH were recruited (72.3% female, median age 57, 95.5% on cART). DSM-IV depression was highly prevalent (20.9%), whereas other DSM-IV psychiatric disorders were uncommon. At follow-up (n=162) DSM-IV depression non-significantly decreased (14.2% -11.1%) x2 :2.48 p=0.29). Baseline depression, was associated with increased functional (p=0.018), and neurological impairment (p<0.001) and negative life events (p=0.001) at follow-up, but HIV and sociodemographic factors were not.Conclusions: In this setting, depression appears highly prevalent and associated with poorer outcomes. This may be a future intervention target.
Feasibility of positron range correction in 82-Rubidium cardiac PET/CT
Authors: Jensen Malte , Bentsen Simon , Clemmensen Andreas , Jensen Jacob Kildevang , Madsen Johanne , Rossing Jonas , Laier Anna , Hasbak Philip , Kjaer Andreas , Ripa Rasmus Sejersten
Published: March 2022

Background: Myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) using positron emission tomography (PET) tracers is an essential tool in investigating diseases and treatment responses in cardiology. 82Rubidium (82Rb)-PET imaging is advantageous for MPI due to its short half-life, but cannot be used for small animal research due to the long positron range. We aimed to correct for this, enabling MPI with 82Rb-PET in rats.Methods: The effect of positron range correction (PRC) on 82Rb-PET was examined using two phantoms, and in-vivo on rats. A NEMA NU-4-inspired phantom was used for image quality evaluation (%standard deviation (%SD), spill-over ratio (SOR), and recovery coefficient (RC)). A cardiac phantom was used for assessing spatial resolution. Two rats underwent rest 82Rb-PET to optimize number of iterations, type of PRC, and respiratory gating.Results: NEMA NU-4 metrics (no PRC vs PRC): %SD 0.087 vs 0.103; SOR (air) 0.022 vs 0.002, SOR (water) 0.059 vs 0.019; RC (3 mm) 0.219 vs 0.584, RC (4 mm) 0.300 vs 0.874, RC (5 mm) 0.357 vs 1.197. Cardiac phantom full-width at half maximum (FWHM) and full-width at tenth maximum (FWTM) (no PRC vs PRC): FWTM 6.73 mm vs 3.26 mm (true: 3 mm), FWTM 9.27 mm vs 7.01 mm. The in-vivo scans with respiratory gating had a homogeneous myocardium clearly distinguishable from the blood pool.Conclusion: PRC improved the spatial resolution for the phantoms and in-vivo at the expense of slightly more noise. Combined with respiratory gating, the spatial resolution achieved using PRC should allow for quantitative MPI in small animals.
Novel Transport Properties of the α-T3 Lattice with Uniform Electric and Magnetic Fields: the Effects of Flat Bands
Authors: Li Fu , Zhang Qingtian , Chan Kwok Sum
Published: March 2022

We report a theoretical study of electronic transport properties of α-T3 lattice nanoribbons in the presence of uniform electric and magnetic fields. Landau levels with an unexcepted fashion are obtained in the system, and unique flat bands are observed due to the crossed electric and magnetic fields. We found that the nondispersive flat band of α-T3 lattice is distorted and split to many dispersive energy levels when electric and magnetic fields are applied. A double constriction structure of α-T3 lattice is considered to investigate the quantum transport in the flat band, and novel quantum transport properties are obtained, which shows great differences from conventional Dirac electrons. Our results show that the flat bands of α-T3 lattice can also contribute to the quantum transport properties and play an important role in the development of novel Dirac electron device.
Microscopic Mechanism of Contraction of Tension Wood G-Fiber Due to Boiling
Authors: Yamamoto Hiroyuki , Sujan K.C. , Matsuo-Ueda Miyuki , Yoshida Masato , Chen Shuoye
Published: March 2022

Many woody eudicot plants form a secondary xylem composed of gelatinous fibers (G-fibers) called "tension wood" (TW) along the upper side of the tilted stem or branch. TW generates a large tensile growth stress in the longitudinal direction, allowing the tilted stem or a branch to develop negative-gravitropism in response to the strong gravitational stimulus. This is because the G-fibers tend to contract in the longitudinal direction as they mature. The matured G-fibers also contract upon boiling treatment in water (= hygrothermal treatment). These contractions occur in the gelatinous layer (G-layer) as an innermost layer of the G-fiber. It is still an unsolved mystery how the G-layer, which is composed of highly crystallized and longitudinally oriented cellulose microfibrils (CMFs), contracts during cell wall maturation or during hygrothermal treatment. In the present study, TW specimens of Konara oak (Quercus serrata L) were subjected to hygrothermal treatments under different temperature and time conditions, and strains due to treatment were followed. Besides, the mass loss due to hygrothermal treatment was also followed. From analyzing the obtained results, physical behavior of CMF and other non-cellulosic matrix components in the G-layer during the hygrothermal treatment was estimated. The discussion was further developed to associate hygrothermal contraction with microscopic mechanisms of the contraction of the tension wood G-fiber during maturation.
An Integrated Group Decision-making Method for Hypertension Risk Management Under Interval-valued q-rung Othopair Fuzzy
Authors: Wan Benting , Zhou Shufen , Liang Hua , Huang Xuan , Cheng YouYu
Published: March 2022

This paper develops a new group decision-making (GDM) method for multi-attribute group decision-making (MAGDM) problems with unknown weights, which integrates Yager operator, CRITIC and WASPAS decision methods under interval-valued q-rung orthopair fuzzy sets (IVq-ROFS). The main contributions of this paper are concluded as below: (1) We first extend the distance measurement to interval-valued q-rung fuzzy numbers (IVq-ROFNs), and proves its properties. And we develop a new score function which is used to measure IVq-ROFNs, and the new score function overcomes the deficiencies of the existing score function. (2) We extend Yager weighted average operator (IVq-ROFYWA) and Yager weighted geometric average operator (IVq-ROFYWG) under IVq-ROFS, and we discuss the properties of IVq-ROFYWA and IVq-ROFYWG operators. (3) We propose a new method to derive expert weights of different alternatives, which can avoid the deficiency of overall decision-making perspective. And we extend deriving attribute weights method based on CRITIC under IVq-ROFS. (4) A new integrated MAGDM method is proposed. The MAGDM method integrates Yager operator, score function, distance measurement, expert weights deriving method, CRITIC method, and WASPAS method. (5) Finally, the group decision-making algorithm is used for hypertension risk management. The results are consistent with experts’ opinions. And comparing and analyzing results show that the proposed MAGDM method is effective and feasible.
A Quantitative Analysis of Compromising Emanation from HDMI and Possibility of Information Reconstruction
Authors: Lee Euibum , Choi Dong-hoon , Nam Taesik , Yook Jong-gwan
Published: March 2022

This paper presents the electromagnetic interference characteristics of the high-definition multimedia interface (HDMI), a well-known display interface, and quantitatively offers the possibility of information from the leakage in the perspective of radio communication. After analyzing the leakage characteristics, a pseudo-signal model is generated based on the characteristics and behavioral features of the software-defined radio. Subsequently, the model is utilized to investigate the performance of frame-averaging to improve the low signal-to-noise ratio of sensitive information contained in the leakage. In addition, the frame-averaging scheme is quantitatively analyzed under various environmental assumptions. Based on these contributions, the paper offers several indexes that quantitatively present meaningful information in EM leakage. Finally, the actual measurement results are compared with those of the pseudo-model to verify our work.
Predicting Ecological Impacts of the Invasive Brush-Clawed Shore Crab Under Environmental Change
Authors: Theurich Nora , Briski Elizabeta , Cuthbert Ross N.
Published: March 2022

Globally, the number of invasive non-indigenous species is continually rising, representing a major driver of biodiversity declines and a growing socio-economic burden. Hemigrapsus takanoi, the Japanese brush-clawed shore crab, is a highly successful invader in European seas. However, the ecological consequences of this invasion have remained unexamined under environmental changes — such as climatic warming and desalination, which are projected in the Baltic Sea — impeding impact prediction and management. Recently, the comparative functional response (resource use across resource densities) has been pioneered as a reliable approach to quantify and predict the ecological impacts of invasive non-indigenous species under environmental contexts. This study investigated the functional response of H. takanoi factorially between different crab sexes and under environmental conditions predicted for the Baltic Sea in the contexts of climate warming (16 and 22°C) and desalination (15 and 10), towards blue mussel Mytilus edulis prey provided at different densities. Hemigrapsus takanoi displayed a potentially population-destabilising Type II functional response (i.e. inversely-density dependent) towards mussel prey under all environmental conditions, characterised by high feeding rates at low prey densities that could extirpate prey populations — notwithstanding high in-field abundances of M. edulis. Males exhibited higher feeding rates than females under all environmental conditions. Higher temperatures reduced the feeding rate of male H. takanoi, but did not affect the feeding rate of females. Salinity did not have a clear effect on feeding rates for either sex. These results provide insights into interactions between biological invasions and climate change, with future warming potentially lessening the impacts of this rapidly spreading marine invader, depending on the underlying population demographics and abundances.
Acceptability Of Covid-19 Vaccines And Vaccination In Cameroon: Challenges And Way Forward
Authors: Tambo Ernest , Tsague Causette LM , Ebong Serge Bruno , Tchuendem Ines , Ngazoue Elodie F , Fankep Bertin , Assob Jules
Published: March 2022

Introduction: With unprecedented speed, several SARS-CoV-2 vaccines have been developed and made accessible through bilateral and COVAX initiatives within 2 years after the first Covid-19 case report. As we strive to achieve global control with these new vaccines, old challenges arise, including the acceptability of these COVID-19 vaccines, vaccination coverage and effectiveness, vaccine hesitancy. Understanding how reluctant populations may be to Covid-19 vaccines and what factors may be causing these concerns may improve the ability of public health workers and communicators to maximize vaccine uptake.Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical study with a semi-structured questionnaire using a randomized, stratified sampling technique was conducted during this study. Data were collected using SPSS software. Categorical data related to demographic variables were presented as frequencies and proportions. Univariate and multivariate associations between independent variables and primary outcomes were tested using the T test or chi-square test, as appropriate.Results and discussion: We found a statistically significant Covid-19 vaccination acceptabilityamong health professionals (54.88%) and a low acceptability in 28-34 years old (11.78%) (P= 0.006 and OR= 0.53 (0.33 - 0.83). Of 771 male participants, only 19.71% were willing to be vaccinated with any vaccine. University education was a risk factor for non-acceptance of vaccination. The refusal of vaccination was statistically significant in non-civil servants, non-medical professionals and civil servants.COVID-19 vaccine illiteracy, infomedics, knowledge of variant type, vaccine hesitancy, low monthly income, and poverty were risk factors in the acceptability of vaccine and uptake.Infodemics linked hesitancy to Covid-19 vaccination was correlated with local beliefs on the severity and risk of Covid-19, as well as COVID-19 vaccines uncertainty,unknownvaccine safety and effectiveness on local populations. Combined efforts in defining and implementing contextual COVID-19 mass vaccination solutions and initiativesis vital to increase acceptance, trust and uptake in curbing the growing public health menace in Cameroon.
Pentosan Polysulfate Induces Latent Prion Infection In Fukuoka-1 Strain Infected Cell Culture
Authors: Takatsuki Hanae , Imamura Morikazu , Mori Tsuyoshi , Atarashi Ryuichiro
Published: March 2022

Each prion strain has its own characteristics and the efficacy of anti-prion drugs varies. Screening of prion disease therapeutics is typically evaluated by measuring amounts of protease-resistant prion protein (PrP-res). However, it remains unclear whether such measurements correlate with seeding activity, which can be evaluated by real-time quaking-induced conversion (RT-QuIC). In this study, the effects of anti-prion compounds pentosan polysulfate (PPS), Congo red, and alprenolol were measured in N2a58 cells infected with Fukuoka-1 (FK1) or 22L strain. The compounds abolished PrP-res and seeding activity, except for N2a58/FK1 treated with PPS. Interestingly, the seeding activity of N2a58/FK1 was much lower in the presence of PPS, but that was maintained thereafter; indeed, when PPS was removed, seeding activity and PrP-res gradually recovered to their original levels. These results indicate that prion latent infection is induced by PPS in a strain-dependent manner. Furthermore, for protein misfolding cyclic amplification (PMCA), the anti-prion effect of PPS decreased in FK1 compared to 22L, suggesting that the difference in effect observed between these two occurs at the level of the direct conversion. Our findings demonstrate that the advantages of RT-QuIC and PMCA can be exploited for more accurate assessment of therapeutic drug screening, reflecting strain differences.
Comparative Performance among Hamilton Crosser and Yamada Ota Hybrid Nanofluid Models in Generalized Mass Diffusion and Heat Energy across a Vertical Heated Riga Plate via Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Wang Fuzhang , Sohail Muhammad , El-Zahar Essam R. , Nazir Umar , Kumam Poom
Published: March 2022

This research considered the utilization of revised heat and mass fluxes to study the mass, heat transport in Carreau Yasuda model past over a vertical Riga plate in the presence of heat generation /absorption and chemical reaction. Thermal and mass transportation also engaged the involvement of variable diffusion coefficient and thermal conductivity. The characteristics of Hamilton crosser and Yamada Ota models for the study of hybrid nanoparticles are discussed. The considered model is developed under boundary layer approach in Cartesian coordinates which results nonlinear coupled PDEs. The derived PDEs has been reduced to corresponding ODEs with the help of an appropriate transformation. Afterwards, transformed ODEs are solved numerically via finite element (FEM) procedure. The authenticity of FEM is shown with the help of grid independent survey and comparative study. The obtained results are in excellent agreement with the previous published data. The utilized approach is effective and highly recommended for the nonlinear problems arising in the modeling of several phenomena.
Challenges faced during clinical placement among nursing students. A mixed study conducted at highest institutions in Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Addisie Almaz , Cherie Amsale , Gela Debela , Ataro Bizuayehu Atinafu
Published: March 2022

Background
The clinical learning environment is important to achieve the defined learning outcomes of the program, however nurse students face a multitude of challenges during their clinical placement.
Objectives
The objective of the study was to explore challenges experienced by nursing students during clinical placement with associated factors among highest institutions of Addis Ababa city, Ethiopia, 2020.
Method
A mixed method approach composed of cross sectional study and phenomenological method employed from February 15, to April 30, 2020 on 179 third- and fourth-year undergraduate nursing students selected using simple random sampling for the quantitative study and seven purposively selected students for qualitative study. Self-administered questionnaire and recording of telephone interview used to collect quantitative and qualitative data respectively. Logistic regression analysis carried out to identify the independent predictors, whereas the qualitative data analyzed using interpretation of the voice recorded during telephone interview, extracting significant statements, formulating meanings, and coding, categorizing into clusters of themes using the content analysis approach and using ATLAS ti.Version 7.5.16 software.
Result
the prevalence of challenge among nursing students was found to be 29 (16.9%).Consequently, in bivariate logistic regression, students’ religion, residence, entrance year, learning institution and substance use were found to have association with challenge among nursing student. However, in multivariable analysis only substance use and learning institution found to have significant association. Furthermore statistically significant negative moderate correlation between students total challenge score and their overall competency score were identified [r= -0.672, P value = < 0.001].In qualitative content regards student Nurses factors, lack of role model, instructors responsibilities, inadequate support structure & communication, lack of equipment and college responsibility were emerged.
Conclusion
It is essential to plan and improve students’ clinical supervision and support at clinical setting by their instructors and staff nurses to create skillful nursing students and minimize their challenge. Therefore there should be adequate orientation and ongoing follow-up for students before internship by principal instructors.
Synthesis and evaluation of composite TiO 2 @ ZnO quantum dots on hybrid nanostructure perovskite solar cell
Authors: Pezhooli Negin , Maleki Ali , Hasti Farzam , Rahimi Jamal
Published: March 2022

This research is an interdisciplinary study aimed at helping the environment and producing clean energy. Therefore, one of the goals of this research towards the field of nanotechnology is the application of nanotechnology in the preparation of solar cells and the provision of optimal and efficient cells. Perovskite solar cells are of particular importance because of the high efficiencies that they have achieved in recent years. The use of quantum dots has also played an important role in the efficiency of these cells and their efficiency. The TiO2@ZnO nanocomposite was selected and synthesized for this study. The application of this nanocomposite with different ratios of TiO2 and ZnO quantum dots was investigated and their efficiency was determined. Although the efficiency of the fabricated cell was reported to be about 5% in a solar cell made of TiO2@ZnO composite, the efficiency can be increased by optimizing conditions such as the optimal location for these cells or by compositing with other materials.
Mechanical and Surface Characterization of Sisal Fiber (Agave Sisalana) After Cold Glow Discharge Oxygen Plasma Treatment
Authors: gupta upendra sharan , Tiwari Sudhir , Sharma Uttam
Published: March 2022

Agave sisalana is a rosette-forming succulent plant farmed primarily for its fibers, Sisal is utilized in cordage primarily along with its toughness, longevity, stretchability, propensity towards particular colorants and saltwater tolerance Sisal fibers have just low compactness, are readily available, and are sustainable and environmentally friendly, although they have inherent drawbacks, including hydrophilicity with performance variability. Even though these composites have been natural fiber-reinforced, their composite structure including chemical characteristics attributable to mechanical characteristics has always been associated with a better. The application of cold glow discharge oxygen treatment on sisal fibers was investigated in this study. Unidirectional Sisal fibers had been surface treated with cold glow discharge plasma oxygen throughout this research, as well as the impact on mechanical properties would always be investigated. To increase the combination of sisal fiber with epoxy resin, oxygen plasma treatments were employed to enhance the characteristics of sisal fibers at varied cold glow discharge plasma energies 80W, as well as 120 W for 30 minutes. Oxygen plasma modification employing cold glow discharge once compared to an untreated sisal fiber-reinforced epoxy laminate, 80W(30min.) of sisal fiber offered the sisal fiber reinforced epoxy composite (SFREC) with well almost 76.92 % substantially greater interlaminar shear strength, 56.94 % comparatively stronger flexural strength, 76.41 % relatively improved larger elongation break, and 58.56 % tremendously greater tensile strength. The morphological characteristics of cold glow discharge were examined employing FT-IR spectroscopy and (XRD). Oxygen plasma-treated sisal fibers performed better than untreated sisal fibers in terms of surface structure. Sisal fibers have been exploited for engineering applications after becoming surface-treated, rendering them an appealing and competitive material that contributes to the world's objective of supporting self-sustaining and biodegradable natural materials.
High Performance COD Detection of Organic Compounds Pollutants using Sulfurized-TiO2/Ti Nanotubes Arrays Photoelectrocatalyst
Authors: Nurdin Muhammad , Muzakkar Muhammad Zakir , Maulidiyah Maulidiyah , Trisna Trisna , Arham Zul , Salim La Ode Agus , Irwan Irwan , Umar Akrajas Ali
Published: March 2022

Photoelectrochemical oxidation processes offer a highly sensitive method to detect organic pollutants from wastewaters. Photoactive semiconducting material is the key factor in this process that accelerates the oxidation of the organic pollutant agent for sensitive detection. Chalcogenide doped TiO2 system has so far come up as a potential photocatalyst system for photoelectrochemical detection of organic compounds. Here, we report a highly sensitive detection of chemical oxygen demand of organic compound pollutant using sulfurized-TiO2 (S-TiO2/Ti) nanotube arrays (NTA) photoelectrocatalyst. S-TiO2/Ti NTA that is prepared via consecutive anodization of Ti sheet and TiO2 sulfurization process exhibited a high sensitivity to COD value of organic compounds pollutant, such asRed HE-3B (Reactive Red 120), Red HE-7B (Reactive Red 141), and Blue HE-RD (Reactive Blue 160). Our results indicated that the COD value is linearly correlated with the concentration of the organic compounds and is close to the COD theoretical value, inferring the high accuracy of the detection. This explains that the new S-TiO2/Ti NTA photoelectrocatalyst effectively enhances the electron transfer dynamic during the electrochemical measurement of an organic pollutant that is reflected by an impressive proportionality of electrochemical current to the concentration of the pollutant sample. The S-TiO2/Ti NTA promises a highly efficient pollutant detection in the environment.
The Importance of Urban Eco-gardens in Biodiversity and Human Sustainability: a Case Study From Palestine
Authors: Qumsiyeh Mazin B. , Najajrah Mohammad H. , Handal Elias N. , Gideon Johann , Abusarhan Mohammed A. , Prasse Ruediger
Published: March 2022

There has been increased interest in urban gardens and small botanical gardens as sites for conservation of plants especially in developing countries. This was highlighted by the fact that most countries failed to meet the CBD Aichi 2020 targets and will now restructure to address the post-2020 CBD framework. The situation in Palestine is of concern where global threats of climate change, overexploitation, habitat destruction, invasive species, and pollution are compounded by occupation and conflict. Thus, almost 1/3rd of vascular plant species are rare and over 50 are listed as endangered or threatened. Here we describe the development of a conservation botanic garden that works via research, education, and direct in situ and ex situ conservation of plant species. The garden now boasts 381 species of vascular plants (63 are rare). The team scientifically and selectively introduced some rare and endemic species, developed educational modules, and engaged the community in all aspects of planning and growth of this garden. It acted as a model for nearby threatened areas and for many of the protected areas in the state of Palestine. This has become a national oasis for both wildlife and humans. The lessons learned from this experience included: 1) principles of minimal intervention in eco-friendly ways producing zones of permaculture, gardening towards conservation (ex situ and in situ conservation), while allowing botanic garden functionaliuty, 2) involvement of staff, volunteers, experts, and community in education and conservation efforts, 3) value of research in plants and animals for integrated ecosystem management. The outcome of the work was a maximally utilitarian garden for areas like education, direct conservation, research, and aesthetics (people enjoyment) while ensuring sustainability long term in a nascent state under difficult political situation.
IRAK1 Duplication in MECP2 Duplication Syndrome Does Not Increase Canonical NF-κB-Induced Inflammation
Authors: Gottschalk Ilona , Kölsch Uwe , Wagner Dimitrios L. , Kath Jonas , Martini Stefania , Krüger Renate , Puel Anne , Casanova Jean-Laurent , Jezela-Stanek Aleksandra , Rossi Rainer , Chehadeh Salima El , Esch Hilde Van , von Bernuth Horst
Published: March 2022

Purpose Besides their developmental and neurological phenotype, most patients with MECP2/IRAK1 duplication syndrome present with recurrent and severe infections, accompanied by strong inflammation. Respiratory infections are the most common cause of death. Standardized pneumological diagnostics, targeted anti-infectious treatment and knowledge of the underlying pathomechanism that triggers strong inflammation are unmet clinical needs. We investigated the influence of IRAK1 overexpression on the canonical NF-κB signaling as a possible cause for excessive inflammation in these patients. Methods NF-κB signaling was examined by measuring the production of proinflammatory cytokines as well as evaluating the IRAK1 phosphorylation and degradation as well as the IκBα-degradation upon stimulation with IL-1β and TLR-agonists in SV40 immortalized fibroblasts, PBMCs and whole blood of 9 patients with MECP2/IRAK1 duplication syndrome, respectively. Results Both, MECP2/IRAK1-duplicated patients and healthy controls, showed similar production of IL-6 and IL-8 upon activation with IL-1β and TLR4/2/6-agonists in immortalized fibroblasts, PBMCs and whole blood. Patients and controls have equivalent patterns of IRAK1 phosphorylation and degradation as well as IκBα degradation upon stimulation with IL-1β. Conclusion Patients with MECP2/IRAK1 duplication syndrome do not show increased canonical NF-κB signaling in immortalized fibroblasts, PBMCs and whole blood. Therefore, we assume that these patients do not benefit from a therapeutic suppression of this pathway.
Lysyl hydroxylase 2 mediated collagen post-translational modifications and functional outcomes
Authors: Terajima Masahiko , Taga Yuki , Nakamura Tomoyuki , Guo Hou-Fu , Kayashima Yukako , Maeda-Smithies Nobuyo , Parag-Sharma Kshitij , Amelio Antonio L. , Mizuno Kazunori , Kurie Jonathan M. , Yamauchi Mitsuo
Published: March 2022

Lysyl hydroxylase 2 (LH2) is a member of LH family that catalyzes the hydroxylation of lysine (Lys) residues on collagen, and this particular isozyme has been implicated in various diseases. While its function as a telopeptidyl LH is generally accepted, several fundamental questions remain unanswered: 1, Does LH2 catalyze the hydroxylation of all telopeptidyl Lys residues of collagen? 2, Is LH2 involved in the helical Lys hydroxylation? 3, what are the functional consequences when LH2 is completely absent? To answer these questions, we generated LH2-null MC3T3 cells (LH2KO), and extensively characterized the type I collagen phenotypes in comparison with controls. Cross-link analysis demonstrated that the hydroxylysine-aldehyde (Hylald)-derived cross-links were completely absent from LH2KO collagen with concomitant increases in the Lysald-derived cross-links. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that, in LH2KO type I collagen, telopeptidyl Lys hydroxylation was completely abolished at all sites while helical Lys hydroxylation was slightly diminished in a site-specific manner. Moreover, di-glycosylated Hyl was diminished at the expense of mono-glycosylated Hyl. LH2KO collagen was highly soluble and digestible, fibril diameters were diminished, and mineralization impaired when compared to controls. Together, these data underscore the critical role of LH2-catalyzed collagen modifications in collagen stability, organization and mineralization.
Detection of Land Subsidence using Sentinel-1 interferometer and its relationship with Sea-Level-Rise, Groundwater, and Inundation: A case study along Mumbai Coastal city
Authors: Nalakurthi N V Sudha Rani Nalakurthi , Behera Manasa Ranjan
Published: March 2022

Mumbai, an amalgamation of seven Islands with distinct landforms, is being reclaimed for urban sprawl. It is India's financial capital, with a vast population and a large port for trade, owing to a high demand for working class. As one of the most densely inhabited cities in the world, it faces a significant seasonal water scarcity crisis, resulting in groundwater exploitation for domestic and industrial purposes. The two key consequences are land subsidence and the influence of sea levels on coastal communities. The current study looked at the rate of land subsidence and tried to figure out how groundwater exploitation affected it. The Sentinel-1 SAR imagery was gathered for this purpose, and during the months of October 2014 to May 2019. The findings show that land sinking is irregular and has no consistent pattern. However, the spatial pattern of land subsidence was more closely related to urban area than with other types of terrain. Between 2015 and 2019, the largest yearly subsidence rate observed with the Sentinel data was − 93 mm/yr where the mean is -28.8 mm/yr. Groundwater data from well observations showed a falling tendency over the same time period as well as over a longer time period. In addition, a study is being conducted to better understand sea level rise scenarios and their influence on coastal inundation in low-lying locations. According to the observed sea level scenarios, the upper regional sea level will rise 0.7 m, 0.9 m, and 1.06 m by 2055, 2085, and 2095, respectively. Whereas for RCP recent emission scenarios the highest SLR observed at 1.2 m. Furthermore, with an increase in 1 m SLR, nearly 1700 sq km of low-lying areas, or nearly 38 percent of total land, could be swamped by 2095 during a regular monsoon. Regrettably, if urban infrastructure continues to expand, current conditions will be undermined. Therefore, it is high time to address the land subsidence and its consequences for the solutions.
Sodium Butyrate Inhibits Osteogenesis In Human Periodontal Ligament Stem Cells By Suppressing Smad1 Expression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Hou Jingyi , Xu Junji , Liu Yi , Zhang Haiping , Wang Sihan , Jiao Yao , Guo Lijia , Li Song
Published: March 2022

Background: Butyrate is a major subgingival microbial metabolite that is closely related to periodontal disease. It affects the proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, the mechanisms by which butyrate affects the osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) remain unclear. Here, we investigated the effect of sodium butyrate (NaB) on the osteogenic differentiation of human PDLSCs. Methods: PDLSCs were isolated from human periodontal ligaments and treated with various concentrations of NaB in vitro. The cell counting kit-8 assay and flow cytometric analysis were used to assess cell viability. The osteogenic differentiation capabilities of PDLSCs were evaluated using the alkaline phosphatase activity assay, alizarin red staining, RT-PCR, western blotting and in vivo transplantation. Results: NaB decreased PDLSC proliferation and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-depend manner. Additionally, 1 mM NaB reduced alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralization ability, and the expression of osteogenic differentiation-related genes and proteins. Treatment with a free fatty acids receptor 2 (FFAR2) antagonist and agonist indicated that NaB inhibited the osteogenic differentiation capacity of PDLSCs by affecting the expression of Smad1. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that NaB inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs by activating FFAR2 and decreasing the expression of Smad1.
Increased Brain Functional Connectivity Correlated With Neurocognitive Performance Decline in Patients With Left Frontal Glioma
Authors: Ueda Masaya , Usami Kiyohide , Yamao Yukihiro , Yamawaki Rie , Umaba Chinatsu , Liang Nan , Nankaku Manabu , Mineharu Yohei , Honda Masayuki , Hitomi Takefumi , Ikeguchi Ryosuke , Ikeda Akio , Miyamoto Susumu , Matsuda Shuichi , Arakawa Yoshiki
Published: March 2022

Objectives: The association between neurocognitive decline and changing functional connectivity in glioma patients remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between brain oscillatory activity or functional connectivity and neurocognitive function in patients with left frontal glioma using resting-state electroencephalography (EEG).Methods: This was an observational study and conforms to all the STROBE guidelines. Participants comprised 18 consecutive patients diagnosed with newly left frontal glioma between April 2010 and March 2021 who underwent neuropsychological examination and electroencephalography. Forty seconds of artifact-free electroencephalographic data were selected, and current source density (CSD) or lagged phase synchronization (LPS) were analyzed using exact low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (eLORETA). We investigated associations of CSD and LPS with the Wechsler adult intelligence scale (WAIS), the Wechsler memory scale-revised (WMS-R), and the western aphasia battery aphasia quotient (WAB AQ) scores. Results: Among the 18 consecutive patients (mean age, 43 ± 13.15 years), the mean WAIS full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ), WMS-R general memory (GM), and WAB AQ scores were within standard value ranges, and none had aphasia. The correlation analysis showed lower GM score was associated with higher LPS value between the right anterior prefrontal cortex and the left superior parietal lobule in the beta1 band (13–20 Hz, R = -0.802, P = 0.012)Conclusion: Increases in functional connectivity between certain brain regions may potentially represent more common and early network changes in the brain that are associated with cognitive declines in patients with left frontal glioma.
Coming of Age: Renovation Premiums in Housing Markets
Authors: Mamre Mari Olsen , Sommervoll Dag Einar
Published: March 2022

We rely on novel textual analysis of real estate listings and identify renovated dwellings in a data set of Norwegian transactions to estimate the renovation premium in an urban housing market. The renovation premium is estimated by classical regression approaches as well as random forests models. The strength of the latter is that it allows for a more complex interplay between the renovation premium and explanatory variables. We find a significant positive renovation premium of 5-7 percent for renovated dwellings and a negative premium of 9-10 percent for unmaintained/neglected dwellings. These averages mask significant variation in these premiums over time. In particular, there is a counter-cyclical effect. In a hedonic price model, omitting renovation has implications for estimated short-term house price growth. We also find that unmaintained dwellings tend to transact more in the fourth quarter, indicating that parts of seasonal price variation reported in the literature are due to compositional variation with respect to renovation. This composition effect tends to bias price movement estimates downward, if uncontrolled for, as unmaintained dwellings tend to transact at a significantly lower price.
Clearance of senescent cells with ABT-263 improves biological functions of synovial mesenchymal stem cells from osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Endo Kentaro , Miura Yugo , Komori Keiichiro , Sekiya Ichiro
Published: March 2022

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease characterized by progressive cartilage loss. Synovial mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are anticipated as a cell source for OA treatment; however, synovial MSC preparations isolated from OA patients contain many senescent cells that inhibit cartilage regeneration through their senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) and poor chondrogenic capacity. The aim of this study was to improve the biological function of OA synovial MSCs by removing senescent cells using the senolytic drug ABT-263. Methods: We pretreated synovial MSCs derived from 5 OA patients with ABT-263 for 24 h and then evaluated senescence-associated beta galactosidase (SA-β gal) activity, apoptosis, surface antigen expression, colony formation ability, and multipotency. Results: The ABT-263 pretreatment significantly decreased the percentage of SA-β gal–positive cells and induced early- and late-stage apoptosis. Cleaved caspase-3 was expressed in SA-β gal–positive cells. The pretreated MSCs formed greater numbers of colonies with larger diameters. The expression rate of CD34 was decreased in the pretreated cells. Differentiation assays revealed that ABT-263 pretreatment enhanced the adipogenic and chondrogenic capabilities of OA synovial MSCs. In chondrogenesis, the pretreated cells produced greater amounts of glycosaminoglycan and showed lower expression of senescence markers (p16 and p21) and SASP factors (MMP-13 and IL-6). Conclusion: Pretreatment of synovial MSCs from OA patients with ABT-263 can improve the function of the cells by selectively eliminating senescent cells. These findings indicate that ABT-263 could hold promise for the development of effective cell-based OA therapy.
Comparison of the Predictive Values of Different Lipid Parameters Combined with Carotid Intima-Media Thickness in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Dong Haojian , Hu Xiangming , Yu Bingyan , Li Wei , Zhou Langping , Lin Yan , Wang Weimian , Li Guang , Zhou Yingling
Published: March 2022

Background: Blood lipids disorder and atherosclerosis are closely related to coronary artery disease (CAD). This study aims to compare different blood lipid parameters combined with carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in predicting CAD.Methods: This was a retrospective study including patients who underwent coronary angiography for highly suspected CAD. Blood samples were taken for lipid profile analysis and cIMT was evaluated by carotid ultrasound. Logistic analysis was used to establish different models of different lipid parameters in predicting CAD. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was used to examine the predictive value. The optimal lipid parameter was also used to explore the relationship with multi-vessel CAD. Results: Patients were classified into two groups based on whether CAD existed. There was no difference in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) between the two groups. Compared with non-CAD patients, the CAD group had higher lipoprotein (a) (Lp (a)), apolipoprotein B/apolipoprotein A, total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C. According to the AUCs, Lp (a) combined with cIMT (AUC: 0.713, p < 0.001) had the best performance in predicting CAD compared to other lipid parameters. High levels of Lp (a) was also associated with multi-vessel CAD (odds ratio: 1.41, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.95, P = 0.036).Conclusion: For patients with highly suspected CAD, Lp (a) better improved the predictive value of CAD rather than most of blood lipid indices, especially in the absence of high levels of LDL-C. Lp (a) also can be used to predict the multi-vessel CAD.
A Novel Mcl-1 Inhibitor Synergizes with Venetoclax to Induce Apoptosis in Cancer Cells
Authors: Zhao Tianming , Zhan Huien , Xie Shurong , Jiang Cheng , Lin Shengbin , Tian Ling , Liu Fangshu , Zeng Hui , Chen Guo
Published: March 2022

BackgroundEvading apoptosis by overexpression of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family proteins is a hallmark of cancer cells and the Bcl-2 selective inhibitor venetoclax is widely used in treatment of hematologic malignancies. Mcl-1, another anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, is recognized as the primary cause of resistance to venetoclax treatment. However, there is currently no Mcl-1 inhibitor approved for clinical use.MethodsPaired parental and Mcl-1 knockout H1299 cells were used to screen and identify a small molecule named MI-238, which could specifically kill Mcl-1 proficient cells. Molecular docking, fluorescence polarization (FP) and Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) were employed to study MI-238 binding to Mcl-1 protein. Immunoprecipitation (IP) and flow cytometry assay were performed to analyze the activation of pro-apoptotic protein Bak. Annexin V staining and western blot analysis of cleaved caspase 3 were employed to measure the cell apoptosis. Mouse xenograft AML model using luciferase-expressing Molm13 cells were employed to evaluate in vivo therapeutic efficacy. Bone marrow samples from newly diagnosed AML patients were collected to evaluate the therapeutic potency in clinical AML patients.ResultsHere, we show that MI-238, a novel and specific Mcl-1 inhibitor, can disrupt the association of Mcl-1 with BH3-only pro-apoptotic proteins, selectively leading to apoptosis in Mcl-1 proficient cells. Moreover, MI-238 treatment also potently induces apoptosis in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. Notably, the combined treatment of MI-238 with venetoclax exhibited strong synergistic anti-cancer effects in AML cells in vitro, MOLM-13 xenografts mouse model and AML patient samples.ConclusionsThis study identified a novel and selective Mcl-1 inhibitor MI-238 and demonstrated that development of MI-238 provides a novel strategy to improve the outcome of venetoclax therapy in AML.