bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experiência, linguagem e narração: problemas teóricos e reflexões a partir de pesquisa de campo
Authors: Radomsky Guilherme F. W.
Published: September 2021

Resumo Recorrendo a uma variedade de escritos sobre experiência, linguagem, narração e processos de subjetivação, especialmente de Walter Benjamin, Michel Foucault e Giorgio Agamben, argumento neste artigo que, entre agricultores ecológicos do oeste de Santa Catarina, Brasil, o passado é constantemente acionado nas narrativas dos atores e o ato de visualizar um futuro desejado acontece por meio das experiências vividas, particularmente por momentos de introspecção e colaboração. Fundamentado em pesquisa de campo de caráter etnográfico, analiso como a relação passado-futuro na agroecologia problematiza os modelos de desenvolvimento rural, integrando e entrelaçando as experiências pessoais compartilhadas com narrativas e práticas, pois envolve memórias de sofrimento, exploração, desejos não realizados e, simultaneamente, trabalho em grupo com construção coletiva de ideais. Esse contexto empírico é particularmente propício para a reflexão sobre desenvolvimento, uma vez que este é entendido como um processo no qual aparecem tanto a superação das formas de exploração como a autoconstrução subjetiva e colaborativa.
Performing “digital labor bayanihan”: strategies of influence and survival in the platform economy
Authors: Soriano Cheryll Ruth , Cabalquinto Earvin Charles , Panaligan Joy Hannah
Published: September 2021

Abstract Drawing from experience of platform labor in one of the largest labor supplying countries, the Philippines, the paper demonstrates the role of an emerging labor category – that of digital labor influencers – who promote the viability of platform labor locally amid its precarious and ambiguous conditions. Through participant observation in Facebook groups, analysis of YouTube channels and videos, and interviews with digital labor influencers and workers, we present insights into the interventions that these influencers use, anchoring their strategies on what we call performing “digital labor bayanihan”: (a)coachingworkers on the “possibilities” of the platform economy and on how to navigate its structural ambiguities, (b) by acting as “agencies”, they aid workers tospan boundariesand fluidly move across platforms and job types to mitigate labor arbitrage and labor seasonality; and (c)bridging geographically dispersed workers, which allow them to form a supportive space where opportunities for labor are exchanged and debated. We argue that these affective strategies attend to Filipino workers’ labor aspirations through a community-oriented strategy encapsulated in a distinct Filipino cultural value bayanihan, which then shapes the collective “anchoring” of platform workers to navigate a precarious market. We explore the transactional nature underlying this “producer-audience” relationship, the activation of trust and influence through personalized practices and mediated encounters, and the power dynamic underlying these engagements. The paper shows that these strategies also set norms and standards in this largely unregulated sector, playing a role in how labor mobility or precarity are organized locally amid “planetary labor markets”.
Waiting for robots: the ever-elusive myth of automation and the global exploitation of digital labor
Authors: Casilli Antonio A.
Published: September 2021

Abstract Discourses of robotic replacement and of the end of work have survived to the present day. But more and more voices now challenge the very idea that technological innovation is necessarily conducive to job loss. According to several studies, new high-tech jobs is accompanied by an even bigger low-tech job creation, and AI can be expected to be no exception. Based on new evidence about the role of human-annotated data in machine learning and algorithmic solutions, a new generation of scholars are now studying the germane phenomena of “heteromation”, “automation last mile” or, more simply, platform-based digital labor needed to generate, train, verify, and sometimes modify in real-time huge quantities of examples that machines are supposed to learn from. Digital labor designates datified and taskified human activities. The first type of platform occupation ison-demand labor. The second type of platform-based digital labor ismicrowork. Finally, the third type of digital labor issocial networked labor.
Uberização e plataformização do trabalho no Brasil: conceitos, processos e formas
Authors: Abílio Ludmila Costhek , Amorim Henrique , Grohmann Rafael
Published: September 2021

Resumo O artigo busca construir perspectivas analíticas sobre uberização e plataformização do trabalho no Brasil desde a periferia, em busca de enfrentar persistentes obscurecimentos em torno do processo de informalização. A tese que nos orienta é de que elementos que estruturam a periferia parecem se generalizar e tecer as tendências contemporâneas da exploração capitalista do trabalho. Entendemos a uberização como um novo tipo de gestão e controle da força de trabalho com a consolidação do trabalho sob demanda, e a plataformização como dependência de plataformas digitais para executar atividades de trabalho. A primeira parte critica a importação de categorias de análise e analisa a dificuldade de estabilização conceitual quando a informalidade é regra. A segunda analisa os modos de vida periféricos para compreender um novo tipo de subordinação racionalizada, o autogerenciamento subordinado. Por fim, a última parte do artigo visa a qualificar como antigas formas de organização da produção são repostas e reconfiguradas, juntando-se à constituição de novas práticas produtivas que, em conjunto, radicalizam as bases estruturais da exploração e da dominação das classes trabalhadoras pelas classes capitalistas.
Terrorismo, manifestações sociais e democracia: uma análise sobre a proposta de alteração da Lei nº 13.260/2016 no Brasil
Authors: Cruz Danielle Maia , Peixoto Fábio Carvalho de Alvarenga
Published: September 2021

Resumo O artigo analisa possibilidades de impactos em manifestações sociais a partir de uma possível alteração da Lei nº 13.260/2016 (Lei Antiterrorismo) pelo Projeto de Lei do Senado nº 272/2016, que visa a disciplinar, com mais rigor e precisão, condutas tidas como atos de terrorismo. O reavivamento desse debate ocorreu no início de 2019, quando coletivos criminais, conhecidos como “facções”, envolvidos com o mercado de drogas no Ceará, promoveram uma série de ações violentas alterando radicalmente o cotidiano das pessoas, levando a população a clamar por atitudes rígidas do Estado contra o que foi intuído como terrorismo. A pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, aponta as dinâmicas das facções no Ceará e diferenças com relação a outras modalidades de organização social voltadas historicamente à luta por direitos constitucionais, além de demonstrar as dificuldades em tipificar como terroristas atos praticados por coletivos criminais sem, ao mesmo tempo, prover ao Estado meios para também coibir as práticas de movimentos sociais, inclusive por motivações políticas. Conclui-se que os efeitos de possíveis alterações na Lei Antiterrorismo seriam severos para a dinâmica da democracia, ao reprimir possivelmente práticas coletivas historicamente fundamentais para assegurar direitos diversos em uma sociedade plural.
Characterization of wheat-Thinopyrum bessarabicum genetic stock for stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance
Authors: Shafqat N. , Shahzad A. , Shah S. H. , Mahmood Z. , Sajid M. , Ullah F. , Islam M. , Masood R. , Jabeen N. , Zubair K.
Published: September 2021

Abstract Utilization of modern breeding techniques for developing high yielding and uniform plant types ultimately narrowing the genetic makeup of most crops. Narrowed genetic makeup of these crops has made them vulnerable towards disease and insect epidemics. For sustainable crop production, genetic variability of these crops must be broadened against various biotic and abiotic stresses. One of the ways to widen genetic configuration of these crops is to identify novel additional sources of durable resistance. In this regard crops wild relatives are providing valuable sources of allelic diversity towards various biotic, abiotic stress tolerance and quality components. For incorporating novel variability from wild relative’s wide hybridization technique has become a promising breeding method. For this purpose, wheat-Th. bessarabicum amphiploid, addition and translocation lines have been screened in field and screen house conditions to get novel sources of yellow rust and Karnal bunt resistant. Stripe rust screening under field conditions has revealed addition lines 4JJ and 6JJ as resistant to moderately resistant while addition lines 3JJ, 5JJ, 7JJ and translocation lines Tr-3, Tr-6 as moderately resistant wheat-Thinopyrum-bessarabicum genetic stock. Karnal bunt screening depicted addition lines 5JJ and 4JJ as highly resistant genetic stock. These genetic stocks may be used to introgression novel stripe rust and Karnal bunt resistance from the tertiary gene pool into susceptible wheat backgrounds.
In vitro and in vivo activity of a hypotoxic copper(I) complex against dermotropic Leishmania species
Authors: CHAGAS Ana Flávia da Silva , PORCHIA Marina , NASCIMENTO Thaís Pinto , CORREA Carolina Nunes Souza , BRASIL Anny Maíza Vargas , FRANCO Antonia Maria Ramos
Published: September 2021

ABSTRACT Cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania and, currently, the treatment of first choice is meglumine antimoniate. However, due to its limited effectiveness and high toxicity, it is necessary to seek new active principles for leishmaniasis treatment. Metal complexes are gaining importance due to their effectiveness and low toxicity. In this context, the present study aimed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo antileishmanial activity of the hypotoxic copper(I) complex [HB(pz)3]Cu(PCN). Four dermotropic species of Leishmania were tested with the metal complex and its effectiveness was determined through parasitic viability and infectivity rate, and cytotoxicity was determined using a redox dye (resazurin). For the in vivo tests, hamsters were infected and the lesions treated with a formulated ointment containing the complex, the effectiveness of which was assessed by measuring the diameter of the inoculum/snout location and determining the parasitic load. The results demonstrated moderate toxicity in murine macrophages and human monocytes and better efficacy in Leishmania (V.) braziliensis when compared to the other species tested, with a 50% reduction in the viability of promastigote and amastigote forms (in vitro). General data from daily topical treatment for up to 30 days showed low efficacy for reducing lesions, and no clinical and parasitological cure was observed in the experimental animals. Thus, the [HB(pz)3]Cu(PCN) complex proved to be promising in in vitro studies against L. (V.) braziliensis, and should be further tested in new formulations and new experimental treatment schemes.
Work and Common Mental Disorders in Private Education Teachers: Theoretical Model
Authors: Brun Luciana Gisele , Monteiro Janine Kieling , Abs Daniel
Published: September 2021

Abstract The teaching category is among the professions that most fall ill. The objective was to propose a theoretical model that explains the relationship between work context, experiences of pleasure and suffering, and common mental disorders. Data collection was online in a sample of 740 private education teachers from all levels of education in the state of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil. The cross-sectional and explanatory research used a Self-Reported Questionnaire, the Work Context Assessment Scale and the Scale of Indicators of Pleasure and Suffering at Work as instruments. As a result, the structural equation model presented the variables of work organization, socio-professional relationships, professional achievement, and emotional exhaustion as predictors of common mental disorders. Social-professional relationships, although they present a risk of illness and emotional exhaustion, are at the same time protective and generate professional fulfillment, when evaluated positively. Work organization is an important predictor of emotional exhaustion and mental disorders.
Parental Perception of Word Acquisition and Loss in Autism: A Comparative Study
Authors: Backes Bárbara , Mecca Tatiana Pontrelli , Teixeira Maria Cristina Triguero Veloz , Sbicigo Juliana Burges , Bosa Cleonice Alves
Published: September 2021

Abstract Some children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience the loss of previously acquired abilities, especially that of using words, a phenomenon that is still poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate parents’ perceptions of the age of word acquisition and word loss in individuals with ASD as compared to children with Down Syndrome (DS) and those with typical development (CG). Parents of 77 individuals with ASD, 33 with DS, and 63 from CG completed an inventory on the loss of words and developmental abilities. The median age of acquisition of the first words was 14 months for the ASD group, approximately 4 months after those in CG, and 23 months for the SD group. Word loss occurred only in the ASD group (36.4%). The median age of loss was 18 months. Parents’ perception of word loss can contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon as a potential early ASD indicator.
Motivational Profiles in High School Students: Generation and Use of Volitional Strategies
Authors: Rodríguez-Guardado María del Socorro , Gaeta Martha Letícia
Published: September 2021

Abstract This research had as its main purpose to analyze the generation and use of volitional strategies - motivational and emotional control -, based on the motivational profile of the students, through a mixed methodology. Two standardized instruments (CMA and AVSI) were applied to 204 Mexican high school students, between 16 and 18, to identify their motivational profile. Semi-structured interviews were carried out to understand how they generate the volitional strategies they use. Results show that most students adopted a profile oriented to multiple goals, characterized by more volitional strategies use. They also stated that they used volitional strategies to concentrate on studying and have time to perform other tasks. It is considered necessary to design programs that promote volitional strategies, strengthening the commitment and sustained effort required to achieve academic goals in high school.
Psychological Adjustment of Parents of Children with Different Cancer Prognoses
Authors: Wechsler Amanda Muglia , Bragado-Álvarez Carmen , Hernández-Lloreda María José , Lopes Luiz Fernando , Perina Elisa Maria
Published: September 2021

Abstract Little is known about the psychological adjustment of parents of children with cancer relapse or remission. This study investigated differences in the psychological adjustment of caregivers of children with different cancer prognosis, by comparing them with a control group. In total, 183 caregivers participated in this study: those with children in relapse/on treatment (n = 32), remission/off treatment (n = 75), and “healthy” (n = 76). The Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories, the Symptom Check list-90-R, the Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire-Reviewed and the Family Environment Scale were analyzed with Variance Analysis, Student’s t-test, Chi-square and Pearson correlations. The results showed that parents of children with cancer relapse presented less psychological adjustment. Furthermore, a protective effect of family cohesion and possible risk factors related to sociodemographic variables were observed. Conclusions highlight the convenience of developing specific interventions for parents of children with cancer relapse.
Experiences within the Family of Origin and Intimate Partner Violence: A Dyadic Model Analysis
Authors: Razera Josiane , Bedin Lívia Maria , Oliveira Eduarda Lima de , Mosmann Clarisse Pereira , Falcke Denise
Published: September 2021

Abstract Intimate partner violence may be influenced by family experience. This study aims to test a dyadic model verifying the relationship between events experienced in the family of origin and intimate partner violence. This study addressed 304 heterosexual couples using a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2), and Family Background Questionnaire (FBQ). The analyses were performed using the actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) and the structural equation model. Less intense violence was positively and significantly correlated with violence perpetrated by husbands and wives (r = 0.661; p < 0.01), whereas no correlation was found between severe violence and latent factors, excluding interdependence between the dyads. All the seven models presented satisfactory goodness of fit (CFI > 0.91; RMSEA < 0.08), except for the dimension “sexual abuse”. Therefore, the results reinforce that the events experienced in the family of origin influence intimate partner violence.
Psychometric Properties of the Psychological Capital Scale in the Student Context (PsyCap-S)
Authors: Matos Fabiola Rodrigues , De Andrade Alexsandro Luiz
Published: September 2021

Abstract The resources provided by psychological capital can contribute to the successful academic performance of students, as well as to overcome obstacles and achieve established goals. There is an absence of a Brazilian instrument to measure psychological capital in students. Thus, this study aimed to develop and to seek evidence for the validity and accuracy of the psychological capital scale in the student context (PsyCap-S). The research was conducted based on two studies, with 697 students in each. In both samples the majority was composed of females who intended to enter undergraduate studies. The results indicated the validity and reliability of a structure of four dimensions (resilience, hope, self-efficacy, and optimism). Theoretical and practical dimensions of using the instrument are discussed, as well as implications for intervention in the context of the studies.
Transformations in the Family System after the Birth of a Child with Disability
Authors: Bucher-Maluschke Julia Sursis Nobre Ferro , Oliveira Rosilda Alves de , Silva Jonas Carvalho e , Rodrigues Carlos Manoel Lopes
Published: September 2021

Abstract The arrival of a child with disability causes changes in the family structure and dynamics. The objective of this study was to identify the parents’ reactions after the transmission of the diagnosis of disability of their child and its repercussions on the family. A semi-structured interview was carried out with three couples with a child, which identified the profile and the transformations in the family system. The data analysis, with the aid of the IRaMuTeQ program (lexographic analysis and Descending Hierarchical Classification), resulted in the classs/categories: birth and mourning, pregnancy and care, routine and overload, spirituality and intrafamily relationships. The transformations in the family dynamics provoked feelings of mourning, overload of the couples, the need for a support network and, in some cases, the connection with spirituality. In conclusion, there is a need for interprofessional and intersectoral research in view of the communication of the diagnosis and the changes throughout the life of the family.
Geographic distribution patterns of species of the subtribe Lychnophorinae (Asteraceae: Vernonieae)
Authors: Alves Fábio Vitalino Santos , Loeuille Benoit Francis Patrice
Published: September 2021

Abstract With 119 species distributed in 19 genera, most species of the subtribe Lychnophorinae are endemic to the Espinhaço Range in central eastern Brazil. This region is characterized especially by the campos rupestres, a grassland mosaic associated with vegetation on rock outcrops, which display a high level of endemism. The present work aims to identify distribution patterns, collection density, species richness and research bias in collections. Ten geographic distribution patterns were identified: Chapada Diamantina, Chapada dos Veadeiros and adjacent mountains, Pico da Aliança, Extension of the Espinhaço Range, Central-South Arc of Minas Gerais, Espinhaço Range and Brasília Arc, Campos Rupestres and Restinga, Chapada Diamantina and Caatinga, Northwest-Southeast Diagonal and East Triangle. Other Angiosperm families present similar distribution, mainly in the Espinhaço Meridional, where higher collecting efforts are present. Species richness is higher in sites with higher collection intensity, however, the northeast of Goiás shows the opposite pattern. Spearman correlation analysis shows a strong correlation between collection density and species richness, with an exponential asymptotic model that is quite significant for the total variation of species richness. The cluster analysis presented five clusters correlated with five distribution patterns in Lychnophorinae.
Identification of priority areas for Eschweilera tetrapetala (Lecythidaceae) conservation in response to climate change
Authors: Menezes Isiara Silva , Rocha Diogo Souza Bezerra , Funch Roy Richard , Couto-Santos Ana Paula Lima do , Funch Ligia Silveira
Published: September 2021

Abstract Eschweilera tetrapetala is a tree endemic to Submontane Seasonal Forests in inland Atlantic forest areas of the Chapada Diamantina Mountains, Northeastern Brazil. The effects of climate change on the spatial distribution pattern of that species were investigated to identify priority areas for its conservation. Distribution patterns and population densities were obtained by sampling individuals in ten 200 x 10 m transects, and in thirty additional 10 x 10 m border and interior forest plots. The occurrence data were subjected to Ecological Niche Modelling using Bioclim, Maxent, and Support Vector Machine algorithms. The predicted model for the current distribution of E. tetrapetala, using the Bioclim, Maxent, and Support Vector Machine algorithms, evidenced stable areas of strong environmental suitability in the east of the Chapada Diamantina. The models also show an expansion of areas with environmental suitability during the Mid-Holocene, with retraction in the present and greater reductions predicted in future global warming scenarios. The number of individuals in the plots varied from zero to 14, indicating an aggregated distribution. Morisita’s index indicated a random distribution along a forest edge but aggregated in the forest interior. Eschweilera tetrapetala is sensitive to climatic change and anthropogenic pressure, at both regional and local scales.
Embryology and fertility of the natural tetraploid Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Asteraceae, Vernonieae): taxonomic implications
Authors: Pérez Yanina de Jesús , Angulo Maria Betiana , Honfi Ana , Dematteis Massimiliano
Published: September 2021

Abstract Lessingianthus plantaginoides (Vernonieae, Asteraceae) is a small natural tetraploid shrub that inhabits rocky highlands from South America. The population studied inhabits and covers an extensive region of a private reserve with high local biodiversity and animal and plant endemisms. With the purpose of providing insights into the cyto-embryology of this tetraploid species, the aims of this study were: to perform an ontogenetic study of the male and female gametophytes of L. plantaginoides; to carry out detailed meiotic analysis and evaluate the fertility of this species; to document and provide highlights on taxonomic implications of their reproductive aspects. Lessingianthus plantaginoides presented the following male and female gametophyte traits: dicotyledonous type of anther wall development, tetrahedral tetrads, 3-celled mature pollen grains; development of the chalazal megaspore, monosporic embryo sac and Polygonum type of megagametophyte development. The meiotic behavior was regular, the spores were tetrads of equal size and the pollen grains were highly stainable. Lessingianthus plantaginoides is a highly diplodized autotetraploid that reproduces sexually and has high meiotic regularity; which is apparently responsible for its colonization potential. It now seems certain that polyploid speciation plays a significant role in the establishment and diversification of the genus.
Audiômetro virtual: tecnologia integrada ao ensino
Authors: Araújo Deuzimar Pires de , Araújo Maria Eduarda Braga de , Alves Emille Rayanne Arruda , Jales Juliana Maria Rodrigues , Araújo Eliene Silva
Published: September 2021

RESUMO Objetivo Elaborar uma ferramenta virtual, com fins didáticos, que possibilite a integração da tecnologia ao ensino da Audiometria Tonal Limiar (ATL) e logoaudiometria. Método O audiômetro da marca Interacoustics AD229b foi utilizado como modelo físico para a consecução da ferramenta virtual. Utilizou-se a linguagem de programação Visual Basic 6, de modo que as cores, os caracteres e as funções fossem similares ao audiômetro real. Além disso, acrescentou-se a possibilidade de simular a resposta do paciente, como também de registrar os limiares auditivos em um audiograma virtualizado. Para a logoaudiometria, implementou-se a possibilidade de ajuste do “VU meter” e o registro da quantidade de acertos e erros no exame. Resultados A ferramenta desenvolvida mostrou-se capaz de reproduzir as frequências de 125 a 8000 Hz, em intensidades que variam de -10 a 110 dB, sendo possível empregar diferentes formas de apresentação do estímulo, assim como o mascaramento clínico por condução aérea e óssea. A ativação da função “microfone” pode ser aplicada para facilitar o ensino da logoaudiometria. Conclusão A versão virtualizada do audiômetro mostrou-se semelhante ao equipamento modelo, tornando factível a integração da tecnologia ao ensino, com exemplificação da ATL e da logoaudiometria.
The Ethics of Affect: Lines and Life in a Tokyo Neighborhood
Authors: Galbraith Patrick W.
Published: September 2021

Based on ongoing fieldwork in the Akihabara neighborhood of Tokyo, specifically a targeted subproject from 2014 to 2015, this book explores how and to what effect lines are drawn by producers, players and critics of bishōjo games. Focusing on interactions with manga/anime-style characters, these adult computer games often feature explicit sex acts. Noting that the bishōjo, or “cute girl characters,” in these games can appear quite young, legal actions have been taken in a number of countries to categorize and prohibit the content as child abuse material. In response to the risk of manga/anime images encouraging underage sexualization, lawmakers are moved to regulate them in the same way as photographs or film; triggered by images, the line between fiction and reality is erased, or redrawn to collapse forms together. While Japanese politicians continue to debate a similar course, sustained engagement with bishōjo game producers, players and critics sheds light on alternative movement. Manga/anime-style characters trigger an affective response in interactions with their creators and users, who draw and negotiate lines between fiction and reality. Interacting with characters and one another, bishōjo gamers draw lines between what is fictional and what is “real,” even as the characters are real in their own right and relations with them are extended beyond games; some even see the characters as significant others and refer to them using intimate terms of commitment such as “my wife.” This book argues for understanding the everyday practice of insisting on lines, or drawing a line between humans and nonhumans and orienting oneself toward the drawn lines of the latter, as demonstrating an emergent form of ethics. Occurring individually and socially in both private and public spaces, the response to fictional characters not only discourages harming human beings, but also supports life in more-than-human worlds. For many in contemporary Japan and beyond, interactions and relations with fictional and real others are nothing short of lifelines.
Post-Humanism, Mutual Aid
Authors: McQuillan Dan
Published: September 2021

This chapter commences with an in-depth exploration of the way the concrete computations of AI become entrained with unfairness and neoliberal politics. It will traverse from the operations of loss functions and optimisers at a tensor level to the ensuing discrimination, social ranking and administrative violence, making visible the ways in which AI becomes productive of both supremacism and the means by which to enact it. The second half of the chapter will propose ways in which machine learning can be reclaimed for the purposes of non-fascist living. Looking to a post-AI politics, the text challenges representationalism via Barad’s agential realism and puts forward a practical recomposition based on people’s and workers councils. The aim is to transform the character of AI from paranoid targeting to prefigurative relationality.
Creating the Technological Saviour: Discourses on AI in Europe and the Legitimation of Super Capitalism
Authors: Brevini Benedetta
Published: September 2021

Scholars in political economy of communication such as Vincent Mosco have showed how discourses around digital technologies have historically been constructed as modern myths with major references to utopian worlds and possibilities. Myths, conceived as the dominant ideologies of our time become powerful devices that normalise conventional wisdom into ‘common sense’ thus making the conception of alternatives impossible. This chapter aims to analyse the ideological discourse on Artificial Intelligence and its relevance in legitimising the hegemony of capitalism. From its beginnings in the fifties, Artificial Intelligence has been surrounded by evocative claims about the imminent creation of a machine capable of surpassing the potentials of humankind. This chapter aims to establish what hegemonic discourse around the concept of AI is emerging in Europe and what are the myths employed to construct such discourse.
AI Bugs and Failures: How and Why to Render AI-Algorithms More Human?
Authors: Akdag Salah Alkim Almila
Published: September 2021

AI systems such as self-driving cars, or autonomous lethal weapons are expected to work in a framework called ‘explainable AI’, under meaningful human control, in a fail-proof way. In this chapter, the author discusses case studies where the opposite framework will prove more beneficial: i.e. in certain contexts, such as cultural and artistic production or social robotics, AI systems might be considered humanlike if they deliberately take on human traits: to bluff, to joke, to hesitate, to be whimsical, unreliable, unpredictable, and above all to be creative. In order to uncover why we need ‘humanlike’ traits -especially bugs & failures, the chapter considers representations of intelligent machines in the imagination of popular culture, and the deeply ingrained fear of the machine as the ‘other’.
Rethinking gender and conduits of control: A feminist review
Authors: Mkhize Gabi , Vilakazi Fikile
Published: September 2021

The South African Constitution has been hailed as one of the most progressive in the world and has received high acclaim internationally (Mkhwanazi 2016:6). However, the war on women, their bodies and their right to self-determination persists, irrespective of the Constitution. Literature reveals experiences of brutal rapes and killings of black lesbian women, as well as mistreatment and hate speech in the name of morality against sex workers, women seeking abortions and HIV-positive women (Strode et al. 2012:64). Based on a desktop review of images and audio-visuals of women's narratives in South Africa, this paper finds that many of the country's contemporary social institutions, such as the state, family, church and culture, amongst others, normalise forms of gendered violence, such as the policing, control and exploitation of women's lives and bodies through cultural practices like ukuthwala and ukuhlolwa kwobuntombi. Research findings also include narratives of women, who - in spite of prevailing social and institutionalised violence - have leveraged personal agency to declare autonomy and make personal choices regarding their bodies and lives. Keywords: gendered violence, LGBTI people, patriarchal societies, rape, ukuhlolwa kwobuntombi.
'Quiet Dream': Vietnamese women and marriage migration
Authors: Ade Wernmei Yong
Published: September 2021

The photographic essay, 'Quiet Dream', by photographer and lecturer Oh Soon-Hwa, represents the culmination of years of work with young Vietnamese women during a "bride phase" in Vietnam, which refers to a period of waiting before leaving home and kin to travel overseas in order to marry foreign men, usually in Taiwan and South Korea. This series was taken on and around a small island in the region of the Mekong Delta (one of the poorest areas in Vietnam), nicknamed "Taiwan Island", where many young women are pressured to marry foreigners for various complex reasons, which the author discusses. Oh's photographic essay focuses on the beauty and serenity of the environment surrounding these women while they have to deal with diverse expectations, which includes leaving behind part of their identity, the familiar landscape, climate, language, family, friends, traditions, and way of living. Until recently, studies on marriage migration have tended to focus on remittances and the economic impact of migration. New studies adopt a more comprehensive social perspective, examining the effects of migration on the social fabric of the migrants' home community. Placed in the context of these ongoing studies, Oh's work is important in drawing attention to the lives and identities of these women (what they give up) before entering into marriage migration. My article focuses on two aspects of Oh's photographs: 1) the technique of stitched photography; and 2) the compo-sition of the photograph, particularly the choice of dress worn by the subject. Half of the portraits are stitched photographs, which is a technique that merges together several photographs to form a unique piece, with the aim of providing a wider view of the environment of the subject. This method of stitching also bears testimony to the stitched futures of these women; the hopes and dreams they harbour as foreign brides, as well as the familiar landscapes and identities they leave behind, all "stitched" together as it were, to constitute a hopeful, but also unsure, resigned and imagined future. Keywords: cross-border marriage, ocular ethic, Oh Soon-Hwa, re-visioning, vision as critique.
DOES THE RIGHT TO ACCESS TO HEALTH CARE SERVICES IN TERMS OF SECTION 27 OF THE CONSTITUTION OF SOUTH AFRICA, 1996 CATER FOR CANCER PATIENTS?
Authors: Charles Maimela
Published: September 2021

Does the right to health care services as provided in terms of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, cater for cancer patients due to the expensive nature of cancer treatment and, if so, to what extent? One of the major socio-economic rights which cancer patients struggle to access is the right to health care services, which is currently dependent on the economic or financial position of a cancer patient, which is, unfortunately, the deciding factor in South Africa as well the entire continent of Africa. The financial or economic standing of a patient or a cancer patient, in this case, will determine if the patient will receive adequate cancer treatment or not. Does the economic or financial position of the cancer patient serve as a valid and justifiable reason for the right to access to health care services to the 75 per cent of people in South Africa who rely on public health care services for different health deformities that include cancer and, if so, to what extent?
EXPLORING THE FULL LEGAL PROTECTION OF REFUGEES AND ITS LIMITATIONS WITH REFERENCE TO NATURAL AND POSITIVE LAW
Authors: Callixte Kavuro
Published: September 2021

This article seeks to explore the limitation of the theory of full legal protection by illustrating with facts that the theory does not lack legal force, but rather that various concepts such as citizenship, national security, sovereignty, affirmative action, legal positivism, and democratic governance severely limit the application of theory. In particular, the limitation of full legal protection is analysed through the lens of legal positivism and the natural law doctrines whereby it is argued that the laws of South Africa are framed in the context of legal positivism which does not take cognisance of the moral values on which the natural law doctrine is based. As a result, the full legal protection of constitutional rights of refugees remains in theory. In order to convert this theory into an effective protection, it is argued that although the state has the power inherent in its sovereignty to design and frame laws as it deems best, South Africa should, with the natural law in mind, develop social transformative or remedial measures in such a way that extends constitutional socio-economic rights to refugees in a more favourable way. The article concludes by suggesting the manner in which the severe limitations imposed on the concept of full legal protection can conceptually and rationally be addressed.
Specification of estimation of a passenger car ride smoothness under various exploitation conditions
Authors: Vaičiūnas Gediminas , Steišūnas Stasys , Bureika Gintautas
Published: September 2021

The stability and smoothness of rolling stock running could be defined accurately by universal Sperling's comfort index. The divergences of variation of Sperling's comfort index of a passenger car under specific operating conditions of running gear are examining in this paper. Numerical simulations of a passenger car running with independently rotating wheels under various conditions have been performing. Gained results showed that divergences of the Sperling's comfort index variation are particularly significant due to running gear component oscillations in the horizontal plane (lateral direction). A field experiment of a passenger car with a solid (traditional) wheelset with a flat running surface proved this hypothesis. The obtained results of this experiment confirmed this assumption. Therefore, the study of the regularities of lateral oscillations of a passenger car is the logical direction of further research.
Circulating tumor cells in breast cancer: clinical and molecular parallels
Authors: Zyuzyukina A. V. , Vatrushkina M. O. , Zamay T. N. , Kolovskaya O. S. , Zamay G. S. , Kichkailo A. S. , Zukov R. A.
Published: September 2021

Background. Breast cancer (BC) is the most common type of malignant neoplasm among women, with a high rate of metastasis. Early non-invasive diagnosis is required to increase the effectiveness of anticancer therapy.

Objective: to determine the content of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and their derivatives in the peripheral blood using the MDA-231 aptamer, compare the results obtained with the clinical and molecular characteristics of BC.

Materials and methods. The study included 22 patients with BC. Detection of CTCs and circulating tumor microemboli was carried out in 3.5 ml of the blood of BC patients with the help of the MDA-231 aptamer which is affine for breast cancer cells, labeled with the fluorescent Cy3 dye. The count of CTCs in the blood samples was performed using fluorescent and laser scanning microscopy.

Results and conclusions. The content of CTCs and circulating tumor microemboli in the peripheral blood of patients with BC of various molecular subtypes was analyzed using the MDA-231 aptamer. The relationship between the number of CTCs and the molecular biological subtype was revealed. The obtained results show the possible prognostic value of CTCs use for monitoring effectiveness of anticancer therapy and control of recurrence of BC.
Utility of 18F-fluoroestradiol PET / CT in the differential diagnosis of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: case series
Authors: Parnas A. V. , Pronin A. I. , Ilyakov V. S. , Meshcheryakova N. A. , Kamolova Z. Kh. , Nevzorov D. I.
Published: September 2021

Breast cancer is one of the most common female cancers and the leading cause of cancer death in women. The method of positron emission tomography, combined with computed tomography, makes it possible to assess not only anatomical and structural, but also metabolic changes in tumor tissue. The increased accumulation of 18F-fluoroestradiol in the pathological focus correlates with the estrogen receptor-positive status of the tumor, which is confirmed by tissue immunohistochemistry studies. The receptor status of a tumor formation fundamentally affects the choice of therapeutic tactics. The presented clinical examples demonstrate the capabilities of positron emission tomography, combined with computed tomography, with 18F-fluoroestradiol in the diagnosis of the estrogen receptor-positive tumor lesions.
THE WAYS OF COOPERATION BETWEEN DOCTORS OF THE UKRAINIAN DIASPORA IN CANADA AND DOCTORS IN UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF MODERN CHALLENGES
Authors: Marushchenko Myroslava
Published: September 2021

In the article, the current state of cooperation between Canadian Ukrainians and Ukrainian doctors analyzes. The urgency of modern challenges for cooperation is determined, in particular: pandemic restrictions due to the rapid spread of Covid-19 virus and a sharp restriction of direct professional contacts; the politicization of professional international cooperation in the conditions of Russian aggression; bureaucracy on the part of the management of medical institutions of Ukraine, unfinished state regulation of charitable organizations and international cooperation; insufficient development of charity in Ukraine.
The activity of the main Cooperation programs between doctors Canadian Ukrainians and Ukrainian doctors is analyzed. The main focus of the article is on the analysis of the effectiveness of the Canadian-Ukrainian Pediatric Fellowship Program. The Medical Director of the Program is Professor James Rutka, and the Program Coordinator is Professor Myroslava Romach.
The stages of organizing training meetings within the Program are indicated: planning and preparation for the meeting (goal setting and detailed planning); choice of locations, according to pre-thought-out criteria; the meeting itself (lectures and practical training, joint operations in 7 cities of Ukraine); further observation, assessment of the impact and results of the meeting, as well as planning of long-term cooperation.
Analysis of the concrete results of cooperation is one of the most important stages of international cooperation, as it not only increases its efficiency but also ensures the targeted use of funds. It is determined that important factors that increase the effectiveness of interstate programs in the field of medicine are awareness of cooperation at the diplomatic level, coordinated cooperation at the local level, selection of reliable partners for cooperation, systematic contacts, activities, targeted, premeditated assistance, careful selection of applicants, changes in the means of communication in today's challenges.
The work of the above-mentioned medical Ukraine Paediatric Fellowship Program can serve as an example of the organization of international cooperation in various directions of social and political life of modern Ukraine, and a guarantee of its high efficiency in clear strategic planning.
MIGRANT’S AXIOLOGICAL ORIENTATIONS AS A BASIS OF MODERN ANTI/MIGRATION STRATEGIES
Authors: Shakhno Yuliya
Published: September 2021

The article presents the results of the study of the dialectic of value determinants of migration processes. The author emphasizes that the entire history of mankind is an illustration of the periodical increases or decreases in its mobility. In modern conditions of changing the established understanding of space and time as well as pandemic challenges, scientists face the problem of rethinking this phenomenon. In particular, in our opinion, the axiological determination of migration processes as one of the strategies of micro-level (family), group and social interaction, which can be both positive and antagonistic, requires special attention.
The creation of the concept of “axiological map of the migrant” was realized through the means of mapping: meridional and horizontal coordinate system, representing group and individual modes of values. Theoretical substantiation of the research topic was carried out in accordance with the following principles: indisputability (an a priori principle) of the structural organization of values and individualized variants of their hierarchy; the dependence of the existential variant of axiological map from the initial level of freedom of the emigrant and the potential to fluctuations of such level, which are determined by the localization of the exit and travel directions, social and legal statuses of the interacting parties, objective factors of social development, etc.; ensuring the process of comprehension of the “immanent meaning” (M. Weber) of the individual choice of diasporic existence, by studying the empirical-pluralistic coordinates.
It is argued that a society cannot exist without a generally accepted minimum of values, which ensures its functionality and multi-structural nature. Designing axiological maps of migrants in order to comprehend the “immanent meaning” of individual choice in building anti/migration strategies is a promising area of philosophical and political research. The study of projections of individual priorities will allow to adjust the directions of state policy in the field of education, social communication, economy, etc.
Precision of the determination of focal depth from the spectral ratio of Love/Rayleigh surface waves
Authors: Massé Robert P. , Lambert D. G. , Harkrider David G.
Published: September 2021

abstract

The precision with which the focal depth may be determined using Love/Rayleigh-wave spectral ratios depends on the accuracy of the models for Earth structure and for source mechanism used in the focal depth calculations. Estimates of the precision of the focal depth determination are obtained using the partial derivatives of Love/Rayleigh spectral ratios with respect to the parameters: focal depth, shear velocity, dip angle, and slip angle. We find that errors caused by imprecise knowledge of any of these parameters can be important in practice.
Asymmetric P′P′: An alternative to P′dP′ reflections in the uppermost mantle (0 to 110 km)
Authors: Whitcomb James H.
Published: September 2021

abstract

Precursors to P′P′ (PKPPKP), first interpreted as sub-surface reflections by Gutenberg in 1960 and studied in several later papers by other authors, precede the P′P′ phase by up to 200 sec. This phase, designated P′dP′ where d is the depth of reflection, has unique potential for giving new details of upper-mantle structure. However, as with any newly discovered seismic phase, the uniqueness of its interpretation must be well established. Asymmetric P′P′ phases reflecting from surface or near-surface dipping interfaces pose a challenge to this uniqueness because of their maximum-time nature. Simplified estimates of the amplitudes of asymmetric P′P′ rays are made, including consideration of the relative amplitudes of core phases and the finiteness of the reflecting surfaces of dipping interfaces. These estimates lead to the conclusion that the reading of asymmetric P′P′ at a single station is likely only in the 0- to 30-sec range before the main symmetric P′P′ phase. However, if array beam-forming is used, this range is reduced to 0 to 10 sec. The data indicate that both P′dP′ and asymmetric P′P′ are present at up to 30 sec lead time and array beam-forming is needed to differentiate between the two. A further effect of the maximum-time nature of P′P′ is that, in practice, the geographic location of the reflection point can be determined to within only a few degrees.
Body waves in a “real Earth”. Part I
Authors: Cisternas A. , Betancourt O. , Leiva A.
Published: September 2021

abstract

A theoretical analysis of body waves in a “real Earth” is presented. The earth model consists of an arbitrary number of spherical liquid and solid layers. The algebraic part of the analysis deals with the way to obtain generalized rays out of the exact solution. It is shown that the Rayleigh matrix, and not the Rayleigh determinant, should be used to expand the solution into a power series of modified reflection and transmission coefficients in order to obtain rays.