Graphene Oxide and Based Materials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications – A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Farooq Nosheen ,   Department of Chemistry, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan., Rehman Zohaib ur , Hareem Ayesha , Masood Romaisa , Ashfaq Rashida , Fatimah Iqra , Hussain Shahid , Ansari Sajid Ali , Parveen Nazish ,   CAS Key Laboratory of Materials for Energy Conversion, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026 Anhui, China.,   Department of Chemistry, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan.,   Department of Chemistry, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan.,   Department of Chemistry, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan,   Department of Chemistry, The Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur-63100, Pakistan.,   School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.,   Department of Physics, College of Science, King Faisal University, P.O. Box 400, Hofuf, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia,   Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Published: July 2024

Graphene-based materials have garnered significant interest in the burgeoning field of contemporary flexible and bendable technologies. Graphene has emerged as a prime candidate for the development of flexible electronics due to its outstanding electrical, mechanical, and optical properties, coupled with the ease of functionalizing its derivatives. This review provides an exhaustive analysis of the latest advancements in the synthesis and applications of graphene-based composites. Exceptional properties of Graphene including high thermal conductivity, chemical stability, optical transparency, high current density, and increased surface area, have broad implications across thermodynamics, chemistry, optics, and mechanics. The growing use of graphene oxide materials across various industries has fueled a surge in interest. The synthesis of graphene oxide compounds follows established procedures such as those by Brodie, Staudenmaier, and Tour, with ongoing discussions on large-scale production using various oxidants. Recent developments have led to numerous new, enhanced, and modified Hummers techniques for producing graphene oxide. Graphene oxide (GO) serves as a crucial foundational material for a wide range of applications, including energy storage, water purification, and as a composite in biosensors, electronics, and hazardous gas removal. This review delves into these applications, highlighting GO’s role in improving the efficiency and performance of these technologies. Additionally, the paper addresses the current challenges and obstacles in the development and application of graphene, providing insights into potential solutions and future research directions. By offering a comprehensive and practical database, this review aims to facilitate the future development of graphene-based composite materials, driving innovation and advancements in various high-impact applications.