bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Integrating Depth-Based and Deep Learning Techniques for Real-Time Video Matting without Green Screens
Authors: Su Pin-Chen , Yang Mau-Tsuen
Published: August 2024

Virtual production, a filmmaking technique that seamlessly merges virtual and real cinematography, has revolutionized the film and television industry. However, traditional virtual production requires the setup of green screens, which can be both costly and cumbersome. We have developed a green screen-free virtual production system that incorporates a 3D tracker for camera tracking, enabling the compositing of virtual and real-world images from a moving camera with varying perspectives. To address the core issue of video matting in virtual production, we introduce a novel Boundary-Selective Fusion (BSF) technique that combines the alpha mattes generated by deep learning-based and depth-based approaches, leveraging their complementary strengths. Experimental results demonstrate that this combined alpha matte is more accurate and robust than those produced by either method alone. Overall, the proposed BSF technique is competitive with state-of-the-art video matting methods, particularly in scenarios involving humans holding objects or other complex settings. The proposed system enables real-time previewing of composite footage during filmmaking, reducing the costs associated with green screen setups and simplifying the compositing process of virtual and real images.
Comparison of Machine Learning Models for Predicting Interstitial Glucose Using Smart Watch and Food Log
Authors: Ali Haider , Niazi Imran , White David , Akhter Malik , Madanian Samaneh
Published: August 2024

This study examines the performance of various machine learning (ML) models in predicting Interstitial Glucose (IG) levels using data from wrist-worn wearable sensors. The insights from these predictions can aid in understanding metabolic syndromes and disease states. A public dataset comprising information from the Empatica E4 smart watch, the Dexcom Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM) measuring IG, and a food log was utilized. The raw data were processed into features, which were then used to train different ML models. This study evaluates the performance of decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Gaussian Naïve Bayes (GNB), lasso cross-validation (LassoCV), Ridge, Elastic Net, and XGBoost models. For classification, IG labels were categorized into high, standard, and low, and the performance of the ML models was assessed using accuracy (40–78%), precision (41–78%), recall (39–77%), F1-score (0.31–0.77), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Regression models predicting IG values were evaluated based on R-squared values (−7.84–0.84), mean absolute error (5.54–60.84 mg/dL), root mean square error (9.04–68.07 mg/dL), and visual methods like residual and QQ plots. To assess whether the differences between models were statistically significant, the Friedman test was carried out and was interpreted using the Nemenyi post hoc test. Tree-based models, particularly RF and DT, demonstrated superior accuracy for classification tasks in comparison to other models. For regression, the RF model achieved the lowest RMSE of 9.04 mg/dL with an R-squared value of 0.84, while the GNB model performed the worst, with an RMSE of 68.07 mg/dL. A SHAP analysis identified time from midnight as the most significant predictor. Partial dependence plots revealed complex feature interactions in the RF model, contrasting with the simpler interactions captured by LDA.
A Study on the Non-Contact Artificial Intelligence Elevator System Due to the Effect of COVID-19
Authors: Noh Sun-Kuk
Published: August 2024

Recently, IoT has been combined with artificial intelligence (AI) technology to develop into intelligent IoT (Artificial Intelligence of Things, AIoT) and can provide smart services to all industries. Generally, buildings with 30 or more floors are classified as high-rise apartments. There are high-rise apartments in many countries with small land areas and high population densities around the world, such as Hong Kong, Singapore, and Korea. Korea has many high-rise apartments and buildings with 30 or more floors, and residents there inevitably use elevators to move between floors. Because it is a high-rise apartment, it takes time for EVs to move, and a contactless method is needed when using EVs, especially due to COVID-19. In this study, we proposed a smart elevator system using AI that allows residents of high-rise apartments to conveniently shorten waiting and use times and use elevators without contact during rush hours due to the impact of COVID-19. The proposed system uses AI facial recognition to shorten EV waiting time and moving time and has a contactless floor selection function. As a result of the proposed system, it was confirmed that residents’ EV waiting time and travel time were shortened compared to existing EV systems.
Enhancing Deep Line Segment Detection and Performance Evaluation for Wood: A Deep Learning Approach with Experiment-Based, Domain-Specific Implementations
Authors: Luo Jing , Guo Yufan , Liu Zhen , Hu Qicheng , Hoque Md Ahatasamul , Ahmed Asif
Published: August 2024

In recent decades, wood structures have gained significant attention for their ecological benefits and architectural versatility. The performance of wood, a popular construction material, often depends on the integrity of its connections. This study focuses on bolted glulam timber connections, which are strong but prone to cracks that pose structural health challenges. Traditional crack evaluation methods are manual, time-consuming, and error-prone. To address these issues, this research proposes a two-stage performance evaluation method. In the first stage, an innovative approach called ‘Enhanced Deep Line Segment Detection’ (Deep LSD), a non-supervised machine learning technique, is used for crack detection without relying on large, annotated datasets, thus enhancing efficiency and adaptability. In the second stage, cyclic loading assays simulate varying damage stages to collect data and establish a correlation between crack states and connection damage. The Park and Ang damage model is employed within this framework to assess the extent of damage. The efficacy of enhanced deep LSD is confirmed by comparing detected crack areas with ground truth measurements, yielding a high R-squared value of 0.98 and a minimal error margin of 1.41. Additionally, a damage index based on the Chinese standard (GB/T 24335-2009) is used to classify damage across different connection groups, ensuring robustness and alignment with established practices.
Comparison of Radial Ply and Cross Ply Tire in Terms of Achieved Rolling Resistance and Soil Compaction in a Soil Test Channel
Authors: Helexa Milan , Krilek Jozef , Kováč Ján , Kuvik Tomáš , Mancel Vladimír , Abrahám Rudolf , Majdan Radoslav
Published: August 2024

Many literature sources state that radial ply tires achieve lower rolling resistance values than cross ply tires. From a certain point of view, radial ply tires are gentler on the ground than cross ply tires. The effort was therefore to experimentally verify this statement for two radial ply and cross ply tires similar in shape and size. The work deals with the diagnostics of rolling resistance levels achieved by radial ply and cross ply tires on selected forest soil under the laboratory conditions of a soil test channel. BKT 210/95 R16 Agrimax RT 855 and Özka 7.50-16 8PR KNK 50 were chosen as radial ply and cross ply tires, respectively, and had approximately the same dimensions. The soil in the soil test channel can be characterized as a loamy sand with an average moisture content of 30% and an initial bulk density of 1445.07 kg·m−3. Another monitored parameter was the diagnostics of changes in soil density caused by tire movement in order to assess the degree of soil compaction. From the results of the work, it follows that there is no statistically significant difference between radial ply and cross ply tires in terms of the achieved levels of rolling resistance on the soil. The observed tires also caused intense compaction of the soil in the soil test channel, especially at higher tire pressures and higher vertical loads. The analysis of the results also shows that changes in tire pressure in both tires cause more energy loss and soil compaction than changes in the vertical load.
Cut-to-Length Harvesting Prediction Tool: Machine Learning Model Based on Harvest and Weather Features
Authors: Almeida Rodrigo Oliveira , da Silva Richardson Barbosa Gomes , Simões Danilo
Published: August 2024

Weather is a significant factor influencing forest health, productivity, and the carbon cycle. However, our understanding of these effects is limited for many regions and ecosystems. Assessing the impact of weather variability on harvester productivity from plantation forests may assist in forest planning through the use of data modeling. We investigated whether weather data combined with timber harvesting attributes could be used to create a high-performance model that could accurately predict harvester productivity in Eucalyptus plantations using machine learning. Furthermore, we aimed to provide an online application to assist forest managers in applying the model. For the modeling, we considered 15 weather and timber harvesting attributes. We considered productivity as the target attribute. We subjected the database to 24 common algorithms in default mode and compared them according to error metrics and accuracy. From the timber harvesting features combined with weather features, the Catboost model can predict the productivity of harvesters in a tuned mode, with a coefficient of determination of 0.70. The use of weather data combined with timber harvesting attributes in the model is an accurate approach for predicting harvester productivity in Eucalyptus plantations, allowing for the creation of an online, free application to assist forest managers.
Does Out-Migration Really Affect Forestry Ecological Security? An Empirical Case Study Based on Heilongjiang Province, China
Authors: Liu Jiaqi , Cao Yukun
Published: August 2024

In the new era, coordinating the relationship between population flow and forestry ecological security has become an important challenge. In this study, we take Heilongjiang Province in China as an example, and through the combination of macro data and micro in-depth interviews, we explore whether population mobility really affects the intrinsic mechanism of forestry ecological security from the perspective of population exodus from forest areas. Based on the DPSIR model, we constructed a forestry ecological security evaluation index system, used the TOPSIS multi-objective decision analysis method to quantify the forestry ecological security status from 2000 to 2022, and utilized the impulse response function of the VAR model to explore the dynamic response relationship between population outflow and forestry ecological security. The results of this study show that, firstly, the comprehensive index of forestry ecological security level in Heilongjiang Province exhibits a fluctuating upward trend from 2000 to 2022. Second, forestry ecological security has a lagged effect on population outflow, and population outflow has almost no effect on forestry ecological security at present. Third, while the population outflow of Luobei County reduces the interference of human activities on the natural environment, it also brings about the pressures of insufficient forestry ecological resource management and forestry personnel. The Dongfanghong Forestry Bureau has effectively improved the efficiency of ecological construction and ecological security through the introduction of digitalized and intelligent equipment, which has effectively compensated for the negative impact of population outflow on the reduction in ecological management personnel. These findings will help realize the coordinated development of population, economy and society, and ecology.
Tree-Ring Chronologies from the Upper Treeline in the Russian Altai Mountains Reveal Strong and Stable Summer Temperature Signals
Authors: Kirdyanov Alexander V. , Arzac Alberto , Kirdyanova Alina A. , Arosio Tito , Ovchinnikov Dmitriy V. , Ganyushkin Dmitry A. , Katjutin Paul N. , Myglan Vladimir S. , Nazarov Andrey N. , Slyusarenko Igor Y. , Bebchuk Tatiana , Büntgen Ulf
Published: August 2024

Radial tree growth at high-elevation and high-latitude sites is predominantly controlled by changes in summer temperature. This relationship is, however, expected to weaken under projected global warming, which questions the reliability of tree-ring chronologies for climate reconstructions. Here, we examined the growth–climate response patterns of five tree-ring width (TRW) and maximum latewood density (MXD) chronologies of larch (Larix sibirica) from upper-treeline ecotones in the Altai Mountains, which is a key region for developing millennial-long dendroclimatic records in inner Eurasia. The TRW and MXD chronologies exhibited significant year-to-year coherency within and between the two parameters (p < 0.001). While TRW is mostly influenced by temperature changes during the first half of the growing season from June to July (r = 0.66), MXD is most strongly correlated with May–August temperatures (r = 0.73). All seasonal temperature signals are statistically significant at the 99% confidence level, temporally stable back to 1940 CE, the period with reliable instrumental measurements, and spatially representative for a vast area of inner Eurasia between northeastern Kazakhstan in the west, northern Mongolia in the east, southern Russia in the north and northwestern China in the south. Our findings demonstrate the paleoclimatic potential of TRW and especially MXD chronologies and reject any sign of the ´divergence problem´ at these high-elevation, mid-latitude larch sites.
Effects of Tree Leaf Color on Human Physical and Mental Recovery from a Looking-Up Perspective
Authors: You Yuheng , Cao Saixin , Li Nian , Lv Bingyang , Li Kai , Zhang Ping , Zhang Yilin , Cai Jun , Li Xi
Published: August 2024

Numerous studies have demonstrated the benefits of understory spaces and plants on human well-being, but most spatial research has focused on a horizontal perspective. Additionally, there is a lack of research on the effects of plant color on human recovery, especially with respect to color proportions. This study classifies the leaf colors of trees in autumn, which are observed from a looking-up perspective, into green, red, and yellow. On this basis, we created monochromatic, two-color, and three-color groups with varying color proportions to assess their recovery effects and preferences. A total of 30 participants participated in this experiment, and their physiological, psychological, and preference-related indicators were evaluated. The results revealed that the following. (1) The two-color groups had the greatest reduction effect on systolic blood pressure. Monochromatic groups were most effective at reducing diastolic blood pressure. The three-color groups had the greatest effect on lowering the pulse rate. (2) EEG responses varied by color type. (3) The three-color groups had the best recovery effects on the psychological measures. (4) The three-color groups were most favored by participants, with a red–yellow–green ratio of 0.2/0.4/0.4 being the most preferred. These findings demonstrate the differing recovery potentials of various leaf color proportions from a looking-up perspective. This study can provide valuable references for the planning and design of urban forest parks, supplementing the theoretical foundation and research framework for evaluating and creating environments that meet people’s restorative needs.
Exploring the Microbial Diversity of Botswana’s Traditional Sourdoughs
Authors: Semumu Thandiwe , Zhou Nerve , Kebaneilwe Lebani , Loeto Daniel , Ndlovu Thando
Published: August 2024

Sourdough is one of the oldest technologies employed by humans to leaven bread because of its ability to enhance the flavour and structure of bread using micro-organisms. However, there is a lack of comprehensive information in Botswana regarding the diversity of sourdough starters and the fermentative micro-organisms responsible for spontaneous fermentation. The present study aimed to explore the microbial species diversity of sourdoughs in Botswana and gain insight into the unique microbial communities involved in sourdough production. A total of nine samples were collected from different areas in Botswana. The microbial diversity in sourdoughs was characterized through the sequencing of amplicons of the 16S ribosomal DNA and internal transcribed spacer regions. In silico polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism and phylogenetics were utilized to determine the genetic diversity among the isolates. The dominant yeast species identified were Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Wickerhamomyces anomamlus, Pichia kudriazverii and kazachstania humilis. Additionally, the presence of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, Liquorilactobacillus nageli and Bacillus cereus was also detected. It is worth noting that two species of acetic acid bacteria (AAB), namely Acetobacter pasteurianus and A. indonesiensis, were isolated, though in low levels, but the finding is significant in sourdough fermentation. The low occurrence of AAB (acetic acid bacteria) species observed in this study could be an important finding, as these bacteria are considered understudied, yet they are known to contribute significantly to the final product.
Characterization of the Three-Dimensional Flowfield over a Truncated Linear Aerospike
Authors: Marsilio Roberto , Di Cicca Gaetano Maria , Resta Emanuele , Ferlauto Michele
Published: August 2024

The work focuses on the characterization of the flowfield over a truncated linear aerospike by combining theoretical grounds, numerical simulations and experimental tests. The experimental investigations are carried out on a test rig designed at Politecnico di Torino for advanced nozzle testing. Fully three-dimensional CFD analyses are performed on the actual geometry of the experimental nozzle model. At low nozzle pressure ratios (nprs) the analysis combines numerical simulations and experimental testing, which are also used for validating the CFD results. At higher nprs, the flowfield characterization is performed only by three-dimensional CFD analyses. In addition to the validation of the numerical method, the edge effects at different nprs have been observed.
Detection of Hepatitis E Virus in Game Meat (Wild Boar) Supply Chain in Umbria Region, Central Italy
Authors: Borghi Monica , Pierboni Elisa , Primavilla Sara , Scoccia Eleonora , Costantini Claudio , Suffredini Elisabetta , Graziani Alessandro , Macellari Piero , Macrì Salvatore , Farneti Silvana , Valiani Andrea
Published: August 2024

Consumption of raw or undercooked wild boar (WB) meat is considered an important risk factor for hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in humans. The possibility of HEV contamination during the slaughtering practices may pose an additional risk. Based on these assumptions, we evaluated HEV contamination of WB meat hunted in Umbria (central Italy) during the 2022–2023 hunting season by real-time RT-PCR. Herein, we show that 10.8% of livers from slaughtered WB were positive for HEV RNA, thus providing an estimate of HEV infection in WB in the Umbria region. Then, by evaluating paired liver–muscle samples from both HEV-positive and HEV-negative animals, we found evidence of muscle HEV contamination in 33% and 14% of cases, respectively. This is the first report on the detection of HEV in WB meat in Umbria, an Italian region with diffuse WB hunting and consumption. The evidence of contamination provided by our study underscores the importance of adopting good hygienic practices in the processing stages of hunted WB carcasses to significantly reduce meat contamination and the risk posed for the final consumer.
Design of Experiments and Optimization of Monacolin K Green Extraction from Red Yeast Rice by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Davani Lara , Terenzi Cristina , De Simone Angela , Tumiatti Vincenzo , Andrisano Vincenza , Montanari Serena
Published: August 2024

Monacolin K (MK), in red yeast rice (RYR) in the forms of lactone (LMK) and hydroxy acid (AMK), is known for its anti-hypercholesterolemic activity. Under the rising demand for natural bioactive molecules, we present a green ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) optimization study for MK in RYR. The development and validation of a fast, sensitive, selective, reproducible, and accurate ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) method coupled to diode array detection for LMK and AMK allowed us to evaluate the MK recovery in different extract media. Firstly, the ethanol comparability to acetonitrile was assessed (recovery of 80.7 ± 0.1% for ethanol and 85.5 ± 0.2% for acetonitrile). Then, water/ethanol mixtures, with decreasing percentages of organic solvent, were tested by modulating temperature and extraction times. Water extractions at 80 °C for 10 min produced MK yield > 85%. Thus, UAE conditions were optimized by a DOE study using a water-based formulation (mouthwash). The optimal total MK extraction yield (86.6 ± 0.4%) was found under the following conditions: 80 °C, 45 min, 5 mg mL−1 (RYR powder/solvent). Therefore, the new single-process green approach allowed the simultaneous direct extraction of MK and mouthwash enrichment (MK concentration = 130.0 ± 0.6 µg mL−1), which might be tested for the prevention and treatment of periodontitis or oral candidiasis.
Fractional Derivative Model on Physical Fractal Space: Improving Rock Permeability Analysis
Authors: Liu Zelin , Yu Xiaobin , Xie Selin , Zhou Hongwei , Yin Yajun
Published: August 2024

As challenges in gas extraction from coal mines increase, precise measurement of permeability becomes crucial. This study proposes a novel pulse transient method based on a fractional derivative model derived on physical fractal space, incorporating operator algebra and the mechanics–electricity analogy to derive a new control equation that more accurately delineates the permeability evolution in coal. To validate the approach, permeability experiments were conducted on coal samples under mining stress conditions. The results showed that the adoption of a physically meaningful fractional-order relaxation equation provides a more accurate description of non-Darcy flow behaviour in rocks than traditional integer-order control equations. Additionally, the method proved effective across different rock types, verifying its broad applicability. By establishing a new theoretical foundation, this approach illustrates how the microscale fractal structure of rocks is fundamentally linked to their macroscale fractional responses, thereby enhancing the understanding of fractional modelling methods in rock mechanics and related domains.
Radially and Axially Oriented Ammonium Alginate Aerogels Modified with Clay/Tannic Acid and Crosslinked with Glutaraldehyde
Authors: De la Cruz Lucía G. , Abt Tobias , León Noel , Sánchez-Soto Miguel
Published: August 2024

Lightweight materials that combine high mechanical strength, insulation, and fire resistance are of great interest to many industries. This work explores the properties of environmentally friendly alginate aerogel composites as potential sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based materials. This study analyzes the effects of two additives (tannic acid and montmorillonite clay), the orientation that results during casting, and the crosslinking of the biopolymer with glutaraldehyde on the properties of the aerogel composites. The prepared aerogels exhibited high porosities between 90% and 97% and densities in the range of 0.059–0.191 g/cm3. Crosslinking increased the density and resulted in excellent performance under loading conditions. In combination with axial orientation, Young’s modulus and yield strength reached values as high as 305 MPa·cm3/g and 7 MPa·cm3/g, respectively. Moreover, the alginate-based aerogels exhibited very low thermal conductivities, ranging from 0.038 W/m·K to 0.053 W/m·K. Compared to pristine alginate, the aerogel composites’ thermal degradation rate decreased substantially, enhancing thermal stability. Although glutaraldehyde promoted combustion, the non-crosslinked aerogel composites demonstrated high fire resistance. No flame was observed in these samples under cone calorimeter radiation, and a minuscule peak of heat release of 21 kW/m2 was emitted as a result of their highly efficient graphitization and fire suppression. The combination of properties of these bio-based aerogels demonstrates their potential as substituents for their fossil-based counterparts.
Gene Variants in Components of the microRNA Processing Pathway in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Chavaro-Francisco Guillermina , Hernández-Zavala Araceli , Bravo-Cidro Camila E. , Rios-Rodriguez Sandybel , Muciño-Sánchez Mabel , López-López Marisol , Castro-Martínez Xóchitl H. , Olarte-Carrillo Irma , Garcia-Laguna Anel , Barranco-Lampón Gilberto , De la Cruz-Rosas Adrián , Martínez-Tovar Adolfo , Córdova Emilio J.
Published: August 2024

Current therapy in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has improved patient life expectancy close to that of healthy individuals. However, molecular alterations other than BCR::ABL1 fusion gene in CML are barely known. MicroRNAs are important regulators of gene expression, and variants in some of the components of microRNA biosynthesis pathways have been associated with genetic susceptibility to different types of cancer. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the association of variants located in genes involved in the biogenesis of microRNAs with susceptibility to CML. Fifteen variants in eight genes involved in the biogenesis of miRNAs were genotyped in 296 individuals with CML and 485 healthy participants using TaqMan probes. The association of gene variants with CML and clinical variables was evaluated by a Chi-square test, and odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were estimated by logistic regression. The variant rs13078 in DICER1 was significantly higher among CML individuals than in healthy participants. In addition, the variants rs7813 and rs2740349 were significantly associated with worse prognosis, according to their Hasford scores, whereas the rs2740349 variant was also associated with a later age at diagnosis. These findings suggest that variants in components of the microRNA biogenesis pathway could be involved in CML genetic risk.
‘After All the Years of Separation’: Musically Representing Author L.M. Montgomery’s Suspended Romances
Authors: Bell Merri
Published: August 2024

Canadian author L.M. Montgomery did not set out to write stories about romance. As she indicated in her journals, she wrote character-driven stories of young girls navigating their way through girlhood. However, she understood that the public, and her publishers, expected these girls to experience romance that culminated in marriage, following the societal traditions of the time. Montgomery managed this dichotomy by having many characters experience a suspended romance, delaying the romantic aspect of the relationship for as long as possible. Arts-based practice is a mode of analysis and offers the opportunity to find a new way of understanding and communicating Montgomery’s type of suspended romance. Music is, in many ways, considered romantic, so it is an appropriate medium to communicate Montgomery’s romantic narrative structures. This paper investigates Montgomery’s use of suspended romance in her novels and how this delay provided her characters with time to develop other areas of their lives. An arts-based methodology was used to identify and analyse recurring themes in Montgomery’s work, as the question is not can Montgomery’s theme of romance be musically represented but how. The result of this creative experimentation is a new musical composition that articulates these suspended romances using six different musical devices. This creative work exemplifies the intertextual link that exists between Montgomery’s work and new musical compositions.
Takotsubo Syndrome: Differences between Peripartum Period and General Population
Authors: Tzerefos Stavros , Aloizou Dimitra , Nikolakopoulou Sofia , Aloizos Stavros
Published: August 2024

Takotsubo syndrome (TTS) was first described in postmenopausal women with transient regional wall motion abnormalities. The trigger is usually an emotional or physical stress. The catecholamine hypothesis seems to be the most prevailing. The main difference between TTS and acute coronary syndromes is that there is no obstructive coronary disease to explain the regional abnormalities. In this form, the left ventricle resembles the fishing jar which is used to trap octopus in Japan. However, to date more atypical forms are recognized. Also, the syndrome is not limited to older women. Nowadays, TTS is presented even in pregnancy and postpartum females. Our experience revealed cases of patients during these periods and some of them suffered from reverse Takotsubo. Additionally, the initial diagnosis in some patients was other than TTS. Due to these findings, we suggest that this type of TTS is not very rare but underestimated. For this reason, further studies are needed to support and explain this condition.
Factors Affecting Hospital Provision of Health-Promoting Services Transferred to Provincial Administration in Thailand
Authors: Sriyasak Atcharawadee , Sridawruang Chaweewan , Sriring Pennapa , Nitkhamhan Bandit , Chatchumni Manaporn , Khaonuan Boonruang , Sarakshetrin Atiya
Published: August 2024

Following the transfer of hospital services to provincial government oversight, it is essential to understand how such changes impact service quality and efficiency. This study, conducted from 1 March 2023 to 31 March 2024 at sub-district health-promoting hospitals in Thailand, aims to identify the factors affecting hospital service quality post-transfer and evaluate the role of professional nurses in maintaining service standards under new governance. Utilizing a mixed-methods design based on the Global Fund-HSS framework (2012), which categorizes factors into accessibility, processes, productivity, and outcomes, we collected data from 340 nurses and 400 patients through structured questionnaires. These questionnaires were divided into seven sections, capturing metrics such as the personal data of nurses, hospital service activities, and leadership qualities. We employed a Likert scale to gauge the perceptions and expectations of service quality and conducted paired t-tests to compare performance metrics before and after the administrative transfer. One-way ANOVA was used to assess variability among different service units, and binary logistic regression helped identify the key determinants of service quality. The analysis revealed a significant correlation between the attitudes and competencies of healthcare teams and the levels of service quality. Notably, service units transferred less than 50% exhibited minimal changes, indicating that the degree of transfer significantly impacts service outcomes. Despite these variations, the fundamental mission of promoting health remained consistent. The study emphasizes the critical role of nurses and recommends further research to identify additional factors that could improve service quality in transferred healthcare facilities, potentially contributing to enhanced healthcare delivery across restructured health systems.
Spatio-Temporal Big Data Collaborative Storage Mechanism Based on Incremental Aggregation Subvector Commitment in On-Chain and Off-Chain Systems
Authors: Han Mingjia , Yang Xinyi , Su Huachang , Zhao Yekang , Huang Ding , Ren Yongjun
Published: August 2024

As mobile internet and Internet of Things technologies rapidly advance, the amount of spatio-temporal big data have surged, and efficient and secure management solutions are urgently needed. Although cloud storage provides convenience, it also brings significant data security challenges. Blockchain technology is an ideal choice for processing large-scale spatio-temporal big data due to its unique security features, but its storage scalability is limited because the data need to be replicated throughout the network. To solve this problem, a common approach is to combine blockchain with off-chain storage to form a hybrid storage blockchain. However, these solutions cannot guarantee the authenticity, integrity, and consistency of on-chain and off-chain data storage, and preprocessing is required in the setup phase to generate public parameters proportional to the data length, which increases the computational burden and reduces transmission efficiency. Therefore, this paper proposes a collaborative storage mechanism for spatio-temporal big data based on incremental aggregation sub-vector commitments, which uses vector commitment binding technology to ensure the secure storage of on-chain and off-chain data. By generating public parameters of fixed length, the computational complexity is reduced and the communication efficiency is improved while improving the security of the system. In addition, we design an aggregation proof protocol that integrates aggregation algorithms and smart contracts to improve the efficiency of data query and verification and ensure the consistency and integrity of spatio-temporal big data storage. Finally, simulation experiments verify the correctness and security of the proposed protocol, providing a solid foundation for the blockchain-based spatio-temporal big data storage system.
City Transmission Networks: Unraveling Disease Spread Dynamics
Authors: Alrasheed Hend , Alballa Norah , Al-Turaiki Isra , Almutlaq Fahad , Alabduljabbar Reham
Published: August 2024

In the midst of global efforts to curb the spread of infectious diseases, researchers worldwide are striving to unravel the intricate spatial and temporal patterns of disease transmission dynamics. Mathematical models are indispensable tools for understanding the dissemination of emerging pathogens and elucidating the evolution of epidemics. This paper introduces a novel approach by investigating city transmission networks as a framework for analyzing disease spread. In this network, major cities are depicted as nodes interconnected by edges representing disease transmission pathways. Subsequent network analysis employs various epidemiological and structural metrics to delineate the distinct roles played by cities in disease transmission. The primary objective is to identify superspreader cities. Illustratively, we apply this methodology to study COVID-19 transmission in Saudi Arabian cities, shedding light on the specific dynamics within this context. These insights offer valuable guidance for decision-making processes and the formulation of effective intervention strategies, carrying significant implications for managing public health crises.
The Impact of Freeze-Dried Tenebrio molitor Larvae on the Quality, Safety Parameters, and Sensory Acceptability of Wheat Bread
Authors: Jankauskienė Agnė , Kabašinskienė Aistė , Aleknavičius Dominykas , Kiseliovienė Sandra , Kerzienė Sigita , Starkutė Vytautė , Bartkienė Elena , Zimkaitė Monika , Juknienė Ignė , Zavistanavičiūtė Paulina
Published: August 2024

The research context involves analyzing the potential benefits derived from integrating insect protein into everyday food items. Utilizing methods consistent with established food science protocols, wheat bread was prepared with variations of 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% Tenebrio molitor larvae powder, derived from larvae cultivated on brewery spent grain. A substrate selected for its superior nutritional content and a substrate with agar–agar gels were used. The tests included basic bread tests; sugar, acrylamide, amino, and fatty acid (FA) tests; and sensory acceptability. The results have shown that the acrylamide levels in bread with larvae remained below harmful thresholds, suggesting that using T. molitor can be a safe alternative protein source. The incorporation of powdered T. molitor larvae (p-TMLs) into bread was observed to increase certain sugar levels, such as glucose, particularly at higher larval concentrations. The addition of T. molitor significantly raised the protein and fat levels in bread. The inclusion of larvae enriched the bread with essential amino acids, enhancing the nutritional value of the bread significantly. The FA profile of the bread was altered by the inclusion of p-TMLs, increasing the levels of monounsaturated FAs. Despite the nutritional benefits, higher concentrations of larvae decreased the sensory acceptability of the bread. This suggests that there is a balance to be found between enhancing the nutritional content and maintaining consumer appeal. These findings highlight the potential for using p-TMLs as a sustainable, nutritious ingredient in bread making, although the sensory qualities at higher concentrations might limit consumer acceptance.
Reproductive Biology and Rearing Improvements of Apanteles opuntiarum, Potential Biocontrol Agent of the Argentine Cactus Moth, Cactoblastis cactorum
Authors: Varone Laura , Benda Nicole , Guala Mariel Eugenia , Martínez Juan José , Bruzzone Octavio Augusto
Published: August 2024

The cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Berg) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) is native to South America and has been used as a biocontrol agent of Opuntia (Cactaceae) in Australia and South Africa. Its invasion in North America has raised concerns for the native Opuntia in the USA and Mexico. We investigated the reproductive biology and rearing procedures of a host-specific potential biocontrol agent, Apanteles opuntiarum Martínez and Berta (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Given the gregarious nature of the parasitoid larvae, we studied the morphology of the immature stages and evaluated evidence of polyembryony and superparasitism. We also investigated the effects of host exposure arena and host density on parasitism rates and wasp production. The morphological descriptions provide a basis for comparison with other species. Early larval instars of A. opuntiarum are similar to other microgastrine immature stages. However, the mature larva exhibits placoid sensilla in the epistomal region, a unique character not previously reported. We provide evidence that A. opuntiarum eggs are not polyembryonic; females frequently superparasitize and have an oviposition preference for larvae parasitized 1–2 d previously. Exposing larvae of C. cactorum to wasps while inside the cactus resulted in lower parasitism and fewer offspring from each host than exposing larvae in the arena without the cactus. Parasitism and mortality rates were higher at lower host densities, possibly due to reduced host group defensive behavior. These results suggest that preference for superparasitism, host defensive behavior, and interactions with the cactus may play an important role in per-host wasp production under laboratory conditions.
Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment with Giant Retinal Tear: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Lee Siyun , Kim Joonhyung
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: This paper reviews three cases of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) with giant retinal tear (GRT), focusing on surgical management and outcomes, and synthesizes the current literature on the subject. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed three cases of male patients diagnosed with RRD with GRT at our hospital from April 2022 to November 2023. The patients, aged 57, 66, and 60, underwent surgical interventions, with postoperative follow-up extending up to six months. All patients underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), endolaser photocoagulation, fluid–air exchange, and intravitreal gas injection (perfluoropropane (C3F8) 14%) in each case. Surgeries were performed within four days of the patients’ initial visits. Outcome measures included visual acuity improvement, intraocular pressure stabilization, and retinal reattachment rates. Complications in the patients were also evaluated. Results: The patient who had not previously undergone cataract surgery (Case 1) had it concurrently with the retinal surgery. Four months after the initial surgery, Case 3 developed a secondary epiretinal membrane (ERM) and subsequently underwent ERM removal surgery. Postoperative care involved the tailored use of anti-inflammatory medications and frequent monitoring to mitigate complications such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy, epiretinal membrane formation, and redetachment. Conclusions: While limited by the small sample size, this report underscores the potential benefits of prompt surgical intervention, meticulous postoperative care, and proactive management of complications in RRD with GRT. Insights from these cases, supported by multiple literature reviews, may inform treatment strategies and highlight areas for further research in larger, more diverse patient populations.
Demyelination in Patients with POST-COVID Depression
Authors: Khodanovich Marina , Svetlik Mikhail , Kamaeva Daria , Usova Anna , Kudabaeva Marina , Anan’ina Tatyana , Vasserlauf Irina , Pashkevich Valentina , Moshkina Marina , Obukhovskaya Victoria , Kataeva Nadezhda , Levina Anastasia , Tumentceva Yana , Vasilieva Svetlana , Schastnyy Evgeny , Naumova Anna
Published: August 2024

Background: Depression is one of the most severe sequelae of COVID-19, with major depressive disorder often characterized by disruption in white matter (WM) connectivity stemming from changes in brain myelination. This study aimed to quantitatively assess brain myelination in clinically diagnosed post-COVID depression (PCD) using the recently proposed MRI method, macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) mapping. Methods: The study involved 63 recovered COVID-19 patients (52 mild, 11 moderate, and 2 severe) at 13.5 ± 10.0 months post-recovery, with matched controls without prior COVID-19 history (n = 19). A post-COVID depression group (PCD, n = 25) was identified based on psychiatric diagnosis, while a comparison group (noPCD, n = 38) included participants with neurological COVID-19 complications, excluding clinical depression. Results: Fast MPF mapping revealed extensive demyelination in PCD patients, particularly in juxtacortical WM (predominantly occipital lobe and medial surface), WM tracts (inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), posterior thalamic radiation, external capsule, sagittal stratum, tapetum), and grey matter (GM) structures (hippocampus, putamen, globus pallidus, and amygdala). The noPCD group also displayed notable demyelination, but with less magnitude and propagation. Multiple regression analysis highlighted IFOF demyelination as the primary predictor of Hamilton scores, PCD presence, and severity. The number of post-COVID symptoms was a significant predictor of PCD presence, while the number of acute symptoms was a significant predictor of PCD severity. Conclusions: This study, for the first time, reveals extensive demyelination in numerous WM and GM structures in PCD, outlining IFOF demyelination as a key biomarker.
Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Five Cognitive Screening Tests for Diagnosing Mild Cognitive Impairment in Patients Consulting for Memory Loss
Authors: Valles-Salgado María , Matias-Guiu Jordi A. , Delgado-Álvarez Alfonso , Delgado-Alonso Cristina , Gil-Moreno María José , Valiente-Gordillo Esther , López-Carbonero Juan Ignacio , Fernández-Romero Lucía , Peña-DeDiego Lidia , Oliver-Mas Silvia , Matías-Guiu Jorge , Diez-Cirarda Maria
Published: August 2024

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate and compare the diagnostic capacity of five cognitive screening tests for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in patients consulting by memory loss. Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 140 participants with a mean age of 74.42 ± 7.60 years, 87 (62.14%) women. Patients were classified as MCI or cognitively unimpaired according to a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. The diagnostic properties of the following screening tests were compared: Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Examination III (ACE-III) and Mini-Addenbrooke (M-ACE), Memory Impairment Screen (MIS), Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and Rowland Universal Dementia Assessment Scale (RUDAS). Results: The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.861 for the ACE-III, 0.867 for M-ACE, 0.791 for MoCA, 0.795 for MMSE, 0.731 for RUDAS, and 0.672 for MIS. For the memory components, the AUC was 0.869 for ACE-III, 0.717 for MMSE, 0.755 for MoCA, and 0.720 for RUDAS. Cronbach’s alpha was 0.827 for ACE-III, 0.505 for MMSE, 0.896 for MoCA, and 0.721 for RUDAS. Correlations with Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test were moderate with M-ACE, ACE-III, and MoCA, and moderate for the other tests. The M-ACE showed the best balance between diagnostic capacity and time of administration. Conclusions: ACE-III and its brief version M-ACE showed better diagnostic properties for the diagnosis of MCI than the other screening tests. MoCA and MMSE showed adequate properties, while the diagnostic capacity of MIS and RUDAS was limited.
The Association between Anthropometric Measurements and Body Composition with Hand Grip Strength among the Elderly Population in Indonesia
Authors: Kemala Sari Nina , Stepvia Stepvia , Ilyas Muhana Fawwazy
Published: August 2024

Background/Objectives: Hand grip strength (HGS) is a crucial measure for evaluating muscle function and general physical ability, and it may be associated with several diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated inconsistent associations between anthropometric measurement and body composition with HGS. This study aims to investigate the association between anthropometric measurement and body composition with HGS in the elderly population residing in Indonesia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on older adults aged between 60 and 82 years who live in the community. Anthropometric parameters assessed in this study comprised the body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), calf circumference (CC), and waist circumference (WC). Subsequently, body composition measurements, including fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and the appendicular skeletal mass index (ASMI), were assessed using a body composition analyzer. Last, the measurement of HGS was conducted using a hand dynamometer. Results: A total of 109 participants were involved in this study. Our study demonstrates a significant association between anthropometric parameters, namely CC and HGS. Subsequently, several body composition parameters, including FFM, SMM, ASMI, and MM in the four extremities, are also significantly associated with HGS. However, in a multivariate analysis, only CC and FFM were able to significantly predict HGS. Conclusions: Improving CC and maintaining FFM may enhance muscle strength in older adults. This suggests that targeted exercise and nutrition programs could increase muscle mass and strength, thereby mitigating age-related decline and improving quality of life.