bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of Extractions of Iranian Native Plants against Main Malaria Vector, Anopheles stephensi in Iran for Making Appropriate Formulation for Disease Control
Authors: Vatandoost Hassan , Nikpour Fatemeh , Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad Ali , Abai Mohammadd Reza , Khanavi Mahnaz , Hajiiakhondi Abbas , Raesi Ahmad , Nejati Jalil
Published: January 2020

Background: Malaria is the main vector–borne disease worldwide. There are several reports of insecticide resistant in malaria vectors worldwide due to using different insecticides. The aim of this study was to evaluate different native plant extortions against main malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi in Iran for choosing the appropriate plant for formula­tion and use for vector control.
Methods: The larvae of An. stephensi were reared in insectary, extraction of plants were carried out at department of Pharmacology. The standard WHO method for biological tests was used for calculation of LC50 and LC90. Probit regra­tion lines were plotted for calculation of LC50 and LC90.
Results: In this study several plants including: Mentha spicata, Cymbopogon olivieri, Azadirachta indica, Melia azeda­rach, Lagetes minuta, Calotropis procera, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Cupressus arizonica, Thymus vulgaris, Lawsonia inermis, Cedrus deodara, Cionura erecta, Bunium persicum, Carum carvi, Artemisia dracunculus, Rosmarinus offici­nalis were used. Results showed that Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, had the lowest and highest LC50 respectively.
Conclusion: Results indicated that Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus camaldulensis, had the lowest and highest LC50 re­spectively. Several other plant extract also showed significant mortality. The formulation of these plants should be pre­pared and evaluate at the field condition against malaria vectors.
Scorpions and Scorpionism in Roudan County, Southern Iran
Authors: Shahi Mehran , Habibi-Masour Reza , Salehi Mehrdad , Ghasemi-Nang Mehdi , Rafizad Emadaddin , Abbasi Madineh , Hanafi-Bojd Ahmad Ali
Published: January 2020

Background: Every year, thousands of cases and many deaths from scorpion sting are reported in tropical areas of South and Southwestern parts of Iran. The aim of this study was to identify the fauna and dangerous species of scorpions in Roudan County, southern Iran.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 10 stations in Hormozgan Province. Scorpion sampling was done randomly by searching for their shelter and digging out their nests during day, and with the use of UV light during night from February 2013 to October 2014. Data of scorpion stings were obtained from health center of Hormozgan Province during 2014–2016.
Results: Overall, 155 scorpions were collected on a set of eight species belonging to Buthidae and Hemiscorpiidae fam-ilies. These species were identified as Mesobuthus persicus, Mesobuthus phillipsi, Hottentotta schach, Odontobuthus doriae, Compsobuthus persicus, Orthochirus farzanpayi, Androctonus crassicauda and Hemiscorpius acanthocercus. One thousand and twenty-seven cases of scorpion sting were recorded during 2014–2016 with a peak period in summer. Most of cases were <44yr old. Five out of six medically important scorpions in Iran were actively identified in the study area.
Conclusion: Results of this study would greatly help to identify risk factors of scorpion sting in high-risk areas for planning, management and treatment of patients with scorpion sting in these areas.
Faunistic Composition and Spatial Distribution of Scorpions in North Khorasan Province Northeast of Iran
Authors: Firoozfar Faranak , Saghafipour Abedin , Vatandoost Hassan , Mohammadi Bavani Mulood , Taherpour Masoumeh , Jesri Nahid , Yazdani Mahmood , Arzamani Kourosh
Published: January 2020

Background: Scorpions pose one of the most important public health and medical problems in tropical and subtropi-cal regions of the world, especially in developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the fauna and spatial distribution of scorpions.
Methods: In this descriptive study, scorpions were captured using ultra-violet (UV) light, pitfall traps and digging methods in North Khorasan Province, northeastern Iran in 2017. After being encoded, the collected scorpions were stored in plastic containers of 70% ethanol and then transferred to the medical entomology lab of Tehran University of Medical Sciences for species identification based on morphological keys. In addition, Arc GIS 9.3 software was utilized for mapping spatial distribution of scorpions.
Results: Overall, 143 scorpions were captured and identified. All of collected scorpions belonged only to Buthidae family. They were also classified into four genera (Androctonus, Mesobuthus, Odontobuthus, Orthochirus) and five species: M. eupeus (59.44%), A. crassicauda (16.78%), O. doriae (12.59), M. (Olivierus) caucasicus (9.09%), and O. farzanpayi (2.10%). Furthermore, spatial distribution of scorpions was performed in this area.
Conclusion: Regarding the diversity, high frequency and wide geographical distribution of scorpions and their long-term seasonal activity in this area, the probability of occurrence of scorpion sting is high. Therefore, in order to pre-vent the occurrence of this public health problem, health educational programs be implemented by health- care pro-viders in the area.
Survival rate and cervical bone loss of implants placed in non vascularized iliac graft after segmental mandibulectomy
Authors: Karimi Abbas , Arian Rad Khatere , Mir Mohammad Sadeghi Hassan , Hasheminasab Mahboube
Published: January 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the survival rate and the amount of periimplant
bone loss in implants placed in free iliac graft following segmental mandible resection.
Materials and Methods: Over a 5-year period between 2010 and 2015, nine patients with
odontogenic tumors who were candidate for segmental mandible resection were enrolled in this
study. Resection defect was immediately reconstructed with non-vascularized iliac graft and 4-6
months later 36 implants of 5 different brands were inserted in grafted mandibles. Information
regarding implant survival, peri implant bone loss or inflammation for a mean follow up period of
33 months was obtained.
Results: One implant was failed out of 36 implants and the cumulative survival rate of implants
was 97.2% in this follow up period. There was no sign of peri implant inflammation or gingival
recession or BOP in any patients. The cervical bone loss level varied between 0.6 to 12mm (the
length of failed implant) with the average of 0.96 mm. The bone loss level of survived implants
varied between 0.6to 1.72mm with average of 0.64mm.
Conclusion: This study demonstrated that reconstruction of segmental mandibular defect with
non vascularized iliac graft followed by dental implant placement is an effective and predictable
method to restore oral function.
Subcutaneous emphysema of the face in Sina hospital: A case report
Authors: Mohammadi Farnoosh , Seraj Bahman , Baber Sajjad
Published: January 2020

Subcutaneous emphysema of the face is an uncommon complication caused by dental procedures
such as curettage, root canal treatment, extraction, restorative treatment and dental instruments
like air-water syringe and hand piece. Subcutaneous emphysema can be life threatening if involved
the spaces of neck and superior mediastinum. In this rare case, subcutaneous emphysema of the
face was developed after potential removal of an amalgam tattoo with the help of an excavator. The
patient was completely recovered after three days of timely medical treatment.
Informal Financing and the Use of Formal Financial Services among Small Holder Farmers in Kenya
Authors: Masinde Joseph W. ,   Department of Management Science, Chuka University, Chuka, Kenya.
Published: January 2020

Despite financial inclusion being a key driver of growth and income equality, developing countries continue to have significant proportion of populations without access and usage of basic formal financial services. Instead, most still subscribe to informal financial services, which have low or nonexistent entry barriers. In the context of small holder farmers, informal financial services can moderate their access to finance where there are gaps in the formal financial instrumentation. The present study, therefore, sought to determine the moderating effect of informal financial services on the use of formal financial services among small holder farmers in Kenya. The target population for this study were small holder farmers from Nakuru, Busia, and Kirinyaga counties in Kenya; a sample size of 496 was obtained and selected through purposive and stratified random sampling techniques. Data were collected using copies of a researcher-developed questionnaire and analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis with Stata. The findings reveal that informal financial services did not have a moderating effect on utilization of formal financial services among small holder farmers. The study recommends that the formal financial institutions develop products and work closely with informal financial services to encourage more utilization of financial services.
Examining the Contribution of Interest Rate Capping Conditions on Financial Performance of Women-Owned Agribusiness SMEs in Nyeri Central Sub County, Kenya
Authors: Kiai Richard M. , Kiambati Kellen ,   Department of Business and Economics,   Department of Human Resource Development; Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya.
Published: January 2020

Financial inclusion has remained a critical driver toward poverty reduction in an economy. There has also been much focus on financial inclusion of women as they tend to be marginalized by the mainstream financial institutions. Kenya on its part has achieved high levels of financial inclusion. Access to bank services has been easy and at a low cost. Till 2016, access to credit has also been easy for all persons with bankable ideas in all sectors including agriculture for either gender. However, this changed after the review of the Banking Act that introduced the interest rate capping in the financial market. The purpose focused on increased collateral requirement and additional customer information requirements on the financial performance of women-owned Agribusiness small and medium enterprises (SMEs). The target population of this study was 950 licensed women SMEs with a sample of 274 licensed SMEs. From the study, collateral requirement due to interest rate capping had a negative and statistically insignificant effect (r = -0.114, p = 0.079) on the financial performance. On a positive note, the study found that additional customer information requirement due to interest rate capping had a positive and statistically significant contribution (r = 0.437, p = 0.000) on financial performance of agribusiness SMEs. The study concluded that effective maintenance of financial records not only helps SMEs access credit but also help them improve performance. This study strongly recommends capacity building among women on maintenance of financial records as it will improve access to credit and performance of their businesses.
Race to the Bottom: Sino-US Trade War and Consequent Plastic Waste Mismanagement in the Global South
Authors: Singh Akansha , Mukherjee Vivek ,   NALSAR, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.,   NALSAR, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.
Published: January 2020

Globalization today can convincingly be said to have reached its pinnacle. However, with the world turning into a global space of homogeneity the stakes of survival have risen up too. The various forms of environmental degradation culminating into climate change have been accelerated due to globalization. This review discusses one such form of global environmental degradation that poses a serious threat to the health of citizens in the Global South. The phenomenon being talked about here is that of global waste dumping, a practice that has caught up roughly over the past four decades. The context that helps in illustrating the same is the United States–China trade war, narrowed down to the recent ban imposed by China and India on the import of plastic waste. As a reaction to excessive plastic waste dumping from Global South to Global North, 180 nations agreed in Geneva to add mixed plastic scrap to the Basel Convention. However, as will be shown in this review, the burden has only shifted to even poorer nations who willingly buy plastic waste from countries of Global North. The phenomenon of dumping plastic waste can be explained through the distinction between the developed and developing countries understood in the dualist taxonomy of Global North and Global South.
Sino-US Trade War: Conservative Trade Policy in the Grand Economic Strategy of the United States
Authors: Sheng Qin ,   National Institute of International Strategies, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Beijing, China.
Published: January 2020

The Sino–United States (US) trade war since 2017 has triggered Sino–US confrontations in the economic field and also intensified geopolitical competition. From a historical perspective, the current Sino–US trade war is a continuation of the conservative US trade policy, rather than a dramatic development. From a global perspective, the trade dispute between China and the United States is only part of President Donald Trump's grand global economic strategy that aims to stabilize the economic hegemony of the United States. Trump's economic diplomacy targets both China and its Western allies, with the goal of achieving a comprehensive and complete solution. The developmental status of the United States shows that its economic strength is increasingly insufficient to support the status of global hegemony, as well as being increasingly incapable of meeting the global requirements for providing public goods. Therefore, trade wars are essentially trade policy adjustments made by the United States to consolidate its hegemonic foundations and fight against potential opponents, e.g., the trade wars against Germany in the 1960s and Japan in the 1980s. Based on the timeline of the current trade war, Trump was obviously well prepared. Trump's behavior now clearly violates the basic rules of WTO and his policy does not focus on technology and innovation, which is key to future economic growth. Whether Trump's well-planned and aggressive economic strategy will work, it will fundamentally change China's US policy from cooperative to more independent.
Understanding Sino–US Trade War: An American Government Perspective
Authors: Bhandari Ravneet S. , Bansal Sanjeev , Dhillon Lakhwinder K. ,   Department of Marketing,   Director & Head,   Department of Accounts & Finance; Amity Business School, Amity University, Noida, UP, India.
Published: January 2020

To comprehend Sino–US trade relations, this research article decrypts the trade relations among China and the United States from the American government perspective (Presidency of Donald Trump). The American government claims that the Chinese government's high import levies and subsidies to Chinese firms cause the Sino–US trade war, bringing about economic misfortunes in the United States. The American government thus contends that forcing high levies on Chinese products (imports) can be corrective measures for Chinese governments' actions. This research article discovers that the American administration overestimates the deficits. Measures for diminishing China's imports cannot raise the American employment rate; on the contrary, China furnishes the United States with high caliber and low-cost products and services. Although China is one of the top investors for the United States, Chinese capitalists tend to capitalize the surplus by investing in American ventures and bonds. However, American administration limits Chinese capitals because of security concerns supported by various other nations (i.e., France, Germany, Britain, Australia, the European Union, Australia, Canada, and Japan). The fear for Chinese capitalists due to China's moving up to the high end of the value chain is an outcome of economic advancement. Consequently, the two nations should restrategize Sino–US trade patterns by developing trade and economic co-ordination by means of trade arrangements.
USA–China Trade War in Light of the Limits of the Comparative Advantage Principle
Authors: Kone Salif ,   Department of Economic Science and Management, Ivorian Center of Economic and Social Research, Flix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.
Published: January 2020

The trade war, which antagonizes today the United States and China, questions the free trade principle in international trade. To show the dangerousness of this trade war for the world economy, this paper explores the theoretical limits of the comparative advantage principle by analyzing the limitations of the applicability of the comparative costs and endowments criteria. We conclude that the international trade theories not based on the comparative advantage principle are the exception to the rule and therefore, cannot be used to justify the American positions, except to introduce a certain degree of political considerations. Specifically, we show that the international trade theories, other than the Ricardian theory and the HOS factorial theory, are exceptions to the applicability of the comparative costs and endowments criteria. In light of this argument, one should seek explanations of the war-like trade logic of the Trump Administration in the international political economy. In this perspective, international trade is no longer necessarily a positive-sum game.
Knowledge Transfer: An Empirical Study on Factors Yielding the Effectiveness of the Academia–Industry Interface (With Special Reference to Moradabad City)
Authors: Sharma Anshika , Garg Aarti ,   Assistant Professor, School of Business Management, IFTM University, Moradabad, UP, India.,   Assistant Professor, School of Business Management, IFTM University, Moradabad, UP, India.
Published: January 2020

In the era of globalization and making headway in innovation, educational establishments and industries are confronting new difficulties as well as openings in the zone of transferring knowledge. The stipulation for students and lecturers has changed significantly and they anticipate becoming competent enough to use new technology for researching. With the growing pace of technology, the faculty, students, and managers are becoming more hi-tech-oriented as never before, which is resulting in more demand for research and training. Training will help the academia–industry to compete in the global environment as well as cater to international students and fulfill their needs too. However, to remain competent globally, knowledge transfer has become the need of the hour to disseminate knowledge and provide inputs to solve business problems. Knowledge transfer between educational institutions and industry is considered as an important driver of innovation and economic growth, as it eases the commercialization of new scientific knowledge within firms. Knowledge transfer denotes facilitating the sharing of the mentioned knowledge with one another. The paper will emphasize on a methodical literature review of the academia–industry interface in order to identify various factors contributing to their effectiveness. The primary data was collected through a questionnaire survey done on a sample of 100 employees working in various educational institutions and industries of Moradabad city, Uttar Pradesh, India and analyzed with the help of various statistical tools. The study also aims to identify the impact of key success factors on employee compliance with knowledge transfer. The researcher also evaluates the impact of employee compliance with knowledge transfer on organizational effectiveness. The contribution of this study will help both educational institutions and industry to better understand the knowledge transfer systems.
Molecular Triad RANK/ RANKL/ OPG in Mandible and Femur of Wistar Rats (Rattus norvegicus) With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Hendrijantini Nike , Rostiny Rostiny , Kurdi Abil , Ari Muhammad D.A. , Sitalaksmi Ratri M. , Hapsari Primarinda D. , Arief Valentina V. , Sati Puthi Y.I. ,   Department of Prosthodontics,   Department of Prosthodontics,   Department of Prosthodontics,   Department of Prosthodontics,   Resident of Prosthodontics,   Department of Prosthodontics,   Undergraduate Student; Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,   Undergraduate Student; Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.,   Undergraduate Student; Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Published: January 2020

A successful treatment of dental implant needs a good jaw bone support, which depends on healthy bone metabolism. Bone metabolism can be affected by Diabetes Mellitus (DM). It may trigger various complications, including osteoporosis. Molecular triads consisting of Receptor Activator of NF-kappaB (RANK), Activator of nF-κB Ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG), have an important role in the formation, function, and osteoclast survival. In this study, molecular triads were observed on mandible and femur bones in type 2 DM Wistar rats. The aim of this study was to observe the molecular triad RANK / RANKL / OPG expressions in type 2 DM Wistar rats. This laboratory research used 18 male Wistar rats divided into three groups: nondiabetic group (control), uncontrolled DM injected with single dose of Streptozotocin (STZ), and controlled DM treated with Metformin. On day 20, the mandible and femur were collected and specimen processing was carried out. The results of RANK / RANKL / OPG expressions were obtained from immunohistochemical staining. In both mandible and femur groups, RANK, RANKL, OPG expressions showed no difference between the control and uncontrolled DM groups. RANKL / OPG ratio in uncontrolled DM was higher than that in the control group. RANK expression was lower in uncontrolled DM group compared with controlled DM, and the RANKL expression in uncontrolled DM group was higher than that in the controlled DM group. RANKL / OPG ratio was lower in the controlled DM group. The study suggested that DM affects resorptive activity in mandible and femur bones which can be observed via RANK/RANKL/OPG.
Simultaneous Identification of Phenolic Compound from the Honey of Stingless Bee by Using HPLC
Authors: Nisar Asma , Bono Awang , Ahmad Hina , Lateef Ambreen , Mushtaq Maham ,   Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia.,   Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia.,   Jinnah University for Women, Karachi, Pakistan.,   College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,   Lahore College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan.
Published: January 2020

Apitherapy is a branch of alternative medicine that uses honey bee products including honey, propolis, pollen, bee venom, and royal jelly. Stingless bee honey reportedly has many medicinal and therapeutic uses and excellent potency. This study aimed to identify the phenolic compounds using a fast and specific reversed-phase HPLC method in the extract of stingless bee honey. A magnetic stirrer was used for the pretreatment process of a sample with methanol at a temperature of 50°C for 40 min, followed by separation on a column size of 250 mm x 4.6 mm (5μm) hypersil gold-C18 (Thermo Electron Corporation) with water–methanol–acetonitrile (45:40:15 v/v/v) containing acetic acid 1.0% as a mobile phase. A 254-nm wavelength was used to detect the extract. The standard retention times of the gallic acid, rutin, ascorbic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were found to be at 2.610, 2.875, 3.150, 5.789, and 8.983 min, respectively. The existence of gallic acid, rutin, ascorbic acid, kaempferol, and quercetin in the stingless bee honey extract was found to match according to the standard retention time. In the stingless bee honey, the retention times of gallic acid, rutin, ascorbic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were found to be at 2.613, 2.866, 3.157, 5.790, and 8.966 min, respectively. In the stingless bee honey, the amounts of gallic acid, rutin, ascorbic acid, quercetin, and kaempferol were 1.426%, 2.533%, 16.922%, 1.851%, and 13.773%, respectively. According to the results, it is concluded that stingless bee honey is rich in phenolic acids and flavonoid compounds that have strong antioxidant properties.
Vaccination Coverage and Associated Factors among Children in Debre Berhan Town, Ethiopia
Authors: Desalegn Tadesse , Shiferaw Melashu B. , Tesfahun Esubalew , Moges Amtatachew , Semunigus Tsedale ,   North Showa Zone Health Department, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.,   Amhara Public Health Institute, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,   Medicine and Health Sciences College, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.,   Amhara National Regional Health Bureau, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,   North Showa Zone Health Department, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia.
Published: January 2020

Vaccination is a proven tool to prevent and eradicate communicable diseases. It can prevent more than 2.5 million child deaths each year. However, many children are still left unvaccinated and still die from communicable diseases in developing countries. Hence, this study was conducted to assess the vaccination status in children at Debre Berhan town, Ethiopia. A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out from June 2017 to September 2017 in Debre Berhan town. A total of five kebeles were included in the study to collect data from 621 study participants. The data were entered into EPI-Info version 7 and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. Only 73% of children were fully vaccinated. Vaccination for oral polio 0, pentavalent3, and measles was done in 47.3%, 79.7%, and 72.6% of the children, respectively. About 19% of the children did not receive any vaccination. The dropout rate for Bacillus Calmette Guerin to measles, pentavalent1 to pentavalent3, and pneumococcus vaccine (PCV) 1 to PCV3 was 10.7%, 1.8%, and 0.6%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, mother's educational status (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 0.102; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.022-0.487), distance from the vaccination site (AOR: 4.669; 95% CI: 1.498-14.547), number of antenatal care (ANC) visits (AOR: 4.472; 95% CI: 1.209-16.543), and income of mother per month (AOR: 2.192; 95% CI: 1.112-4.323) were associated factors for unsuccessful vaccination. The vaccination of children was still low in Debre Berhan town. Distance, family income, education, and number of mothers' ANC visit were associated factors for the low coverage of vaccination. Health intervention programs including encouraging awareness of the community is important to achieve the recommended vaccines among children.
Perceived Social Support and Clinical Symptomatology in Italian University Students
Authors: Savarese Giulia , Pecoraro Nadia , Fasano Oreste , Mollo Monica , Iannaccone Antonio , Manzi Federico , Curcio Luigi
Published: January 2020

Social support can influence the perceptions of individual and social well-being for university students. We sought to verify whether the perceptions of social support correlate with the manifestation of clinical symptoms in young university students. A total of 26 participants, 58% female and 42% male, between the ages of 19 and 27 were included. The following tests were administered: SCL-90-R â€“ scale for the self-evaluation of general psychopathology and MSPSS â€“ self-assessment scale for the perception of social support. The students who perceived low levels of social support had high levels of clinical symptomatology (especially for internalised disorders). The index for a high intensity of symptoms Positive Symptom Total is correlated with a low level of perceived social support.

Keywords: Clinical symptomatology, perceived social support, university students.
The effect of practical work to enhance ninth grade achievement in biology class: The case of diaspora secondary school, Ethiopia
Authors: Kelkay Asrat Dagnew , Sitotaw Chekula
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of practical work enriching instruction of biology lessons on ninth grade studentsâ€™ attitudes towards biology lessons and their achievement based on studentsâ€™ success. Attitude pre-test, attitude post-test, achievement pre-test and achievement post-test are employed for all participants in addition to interviewing four students randomly selected from the total participants. The test was applied to students in two different times. According to the research results, it was found that the experimental teaching method was more effective in the attitude and achievement level of students in some biology lessons, and attitude and achievement have a positive correlation. Therefore, the study recommends that high school biology teachers should plan their lessons in a more practical way to boost (enhance) learners' attitude as well as achievement. All stakeholders including curriculum planners should take part in the planning process.

Keywords: Achievement, attitude, effect, practical work, teaching method.
The factors of compassion fatigue among guidance counsellors
Authors: Estacio Rhenan Dizon
Published: January 2020

The research was about the compassion fatigue and its contributing factors in guidance counsellors. The sample for the study was 92 guidance counsellors. This study explored factors of compassion fatigue, work-related factors, personality traits and demographic factors utilising the following instruments: professional quality of life scale (ProQOLs), NEO PI-R and demographic questionnaire. The context for the study was different schools in Central Luzon â€“ Region 3, Philippines. Descriptive statistics and multiple regression stepwise method were utilised in the study. Findings indicated that participants had low levels of burnout and low levels of secondary trauma stress as elements of compassion fatigue. Personality traits of the participants identified include low levels of neuroticism, average levels of extraversion, average levels of openness to experience, high level of agreeableness and high levels of conscientiousness. Multiple regression stepwise method confirmed that the personality traits neuroticism, extraversion and agreeableness predict burnout with a variability of 40%. Likewise, salary as work-related factor also predicts burnout with a variability of 4.7%. Similarly, personality trait neuroticism is confirmed to predict secondary trauma stress with a variability of 21.9%. Based on the two elements of compassion fatigue, neuroticism was found out to be the best predictor among the personality traits.

Keywords: burnout; compassion fatigue; guidance counsellors; secondary traumatic stress;
Quantum chemical studies, spectroscopic analysis and molecular structure investigation of 4-Chloro-2-[(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid
Authors: Natarajan Balamurugan
Published: January 2020

In this study, the FTIR, FT-Raman and UV-visible Spectra of furosemide molecule, C12H11ClN2O5S (with named, 4-chloro-2-[(furan-2-ylmethyl)amino]-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid), were recorded experimentally and theoretically. The optimized geometrical structure, harmonic vibration frequencies, and chemical shifts were computed using a hybrid-DFT (B3LYP) method and 6-31G(d,p) as the basis set. The complete assignments of fundamental vibrations were performed on the basis of the experimental results and Total Energy Distribution (TED) of the vibrational modes. The first order hyperpolarizability and relative properties of furosemide were calculated. The UV-Visible spectrum of the compound was recorded in the range 200–400 nm and the electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies, were determined by Time-Dependent DFT approach. Furthermore, Mulliken population analysis and thermodynamic properties were performed using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level for the furosemide compound.
A detailed study on the optical properties of 3-benzoyl-7-hydroxy coumarin compound in different solvents and concentrations
Authors: Kurt Adnan , Gündüz Bayram , Koca Murat
Published: January 2020

A coumarin-derived compound, 3-benzoyl-7-hydroxy coumarin (BHYC), is synthesized to determine its optoelectronic properties, including absorbance band edge, optical band gap, transmittance, refractive index, electrical susceptibility, volume-surface energy loss functions and optical/electrical conductance parameters. The absorbance spectra of BHYC in dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solvents exhibit maximum peaks at 350 and 353 nm, respectively, in the near-ultraviolet region. The absorbance band edge values of BHYC in DMF and DMSO are 2.526 and 2.500 eV, respectively. The optical band gap of BHYC varies from 2.560 to 2.408 eV with increasing molarity. In contrast, the refractive index of BHYC increases from 2.47 to 2.95 with changing molarity. The obtained results show that 3-benzoyl-7-hydroxy coumarin exhibits a semiconductor behavior and it may be an important candidate for many optoelectronic devices, such as diodes, photodiodes and sensors.
Simultaneous isolation and purification of cucurbitacin D and I from Ecballium elaterium (l.) A. Rich fruit juice
Authors: Tosun Emir , Baysar Ahmet
Published: January 2020

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid, economic, and efficient method for simultaneous selective isolation, separation, and purification of cucurbitacin D and I from Ecballium elaterium (L.) A. Rich fruit juice via reversed-phase flash chromatography combined with HPLC. The chloroform extract of the fruit juice was fractionated with flash chromatography using a chloroform, acetone and methanol solvent combination at a 5 ml/min flow rate. Then, a validated HPLC method was utilized for purification of the two targeted cucurbitacins. Cucurbitacin D and I were collected automatically by the fraction collector. The fractions containing the same compounds were pooled and lyophilized. The purified cucurbitacin D and I compounds were identified by NMR, LC-MS, and UV spectra analysis. The results suggest that the applied procedure is simple, quick, and highly efficient. The HPLC method was found to be linear, accurate, precise and rugged for the quantification of the cucurbitacins studied.
Structural and electrical properties of geopolymer materials based on different precursors (kaolin, bentonite and diatomite)
Authors: Kljajević Ljiljana M , Melichova Zuzana , Stojmenović Marija , Todorović Bratislav Ž , Pavlović Vladimir B , Čitaković Nada , Nenadović Snežana S
Published: January 2020

Geopolymers (GP) were successfully synthesized from metabentonite (MB), metadiatomite (MD) and metakaolinite (MK). Characterization of their phase structure and microstructure was performed by XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDX methods. A SEM micrograph of GPMD shows a homogeneous surface with some longitudinal cavities in the gel, and it is significantly different from the micrographs of the other two geopolymer samples, GPMB and GPMK. A considerable amount of unreacted particles, as well as the presence of pores in the geopolymer matrix of GPMK and GPMD, indicate an incomplete reaction in the system. Aluminosilicate inorganic polymers, geopolymers, are quasi solid electrolytes which possess a high electrical conductivity at room temperature in relation to materials of similar chemical composition. The highest conductivity was found for the sample obtained from GPMK, amounting to 2.14 × 10–2 Ω–1cm–1at 700 ºC. The corresponding activation energies of conductivity for this sample amounted to 0.33 eV in the temperature range of 500–700 ºC. The geopolymer synthesized from metakaolin has good ionic conductivity values, which recommends it for use as an alternative material for an SOFC (Solid Oxide Fuel Cell).
Structure determination, vibrational bands and chemical shift assignments of 3-(4-(3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-methylcyclobutyl)thiazol-2-yl)-2-(o-tolyl)thiazolidin-4-one: A combined experimental and quantum chemical density-functional theory studies
Authors: Şen Fatih
Published: January 2020

This paper report is an analysis of the title compound by means of X-ray crystallography, FT-IR, NMR and DFT calculations, in the context of structural and spectral characterization. The crystal and molecular structures of the compound were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectrum was recorded in the range from 400 cm–1 to 4000 cm–1. The 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra were also recorded. DFT calculations were employed to support X-ray molecular geometry and calculate IR and NMR (1H and 13C) spectral bands. The structural (bond lengths, bond angles, torsion angles) and spectral (vibrational modes and chemical shifts) parameters obtained from DFT levels (B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31G+(d,p)) were compared with experimental findings, and an excellent harmony between the two data was ascertained.
Preparation of ferrocene core dendrimers and immobilization of AChE for detection of diclofop-methyl herbicide
Authors: Kurnaz Yetim Nurdan , Sari Nurşen
Published: January 2020

The aim of this work was to investigate diclofop-methyl detection (found in a variety of herbicides) using novel dendrimers that have ferrocene cores, as well as their Pt(II) and Pt(IV) complexes. Novel dendrimer structures were synthesized and characterized by molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, FTIR, UV-Vis, 1H-NMR and LC-MS methods. Then, the AChE (acetylcholine esterase) enzyme was immobilized on the novel dendrimers, and the optimal parameters (pH, temperature, repeated use, storage stability, substrate concentration) were determined for immobilized AChE. Lastly, changes in absorbance intensity were measured, and calibration graphs were plotted that reflect the inhibition reaction of immobilized AChE with diclofop-methyl. The inhibition interaction of the enzyme immobilized to the Pt(II) ion containing dendrimers was higher than that of the Pt(IV) ion containing dendrimers.
Comparison of advanced oxidation processes for degrading Ponceau S dye. Application of photo-Fenton process.
Authors: Laftani Yasmine , Boussaoud Abdelghani , Chatib Baylassane , El Makhfouk Mohammed , Hachkar Mohsine , Khayar Mohammed
Published: January 2020

The major part of this work is devoted to the examination of the degradation of Ponceau S (PS) in aqueous medium by using the photo-Fenton process. The influence of pH of the medium, oxidant dose (H2O2), ferrous ion dose and the presence of inorganic ions such as bicarbonate, sulphate and nitrate on degradation kinetics was also analyzed. Before that, the efficiency of this process was compared to three other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as H2O2/UV, Fenton (Fe2+/H2O2), and solar photo-Fenton. It was found that all dye degradation kinetics obeyed a pseudo-first order, and their apparent rate constants were represented by the ratios: kapp (H2O2/UV/Fe2+) =0.295 kapp (sunlight/Fe2+/H2O2) =0.141 kapp (Fe2+/H2O2) = 0.111 kapp (H2O2/UV) =0.031.Under reference conditions (0.06 mM of PS in ultrapure water), photo-Fenton oxidation using 0.06 mM of Fe2+, 1mM of H2O2 and the pH optimal value of 3 yielded more than 94.3% in only10 min of dye degradation with an apparent rate constant of 0.2951 min-1. Elsewhere, the addition of the salts in aqueous medium has, in general, an inhibition effect on the decolorization kinetics due to controlled ionic interactions of metals with inorganic ions. The most adverse effect on PS disappearance rate was observed when bicarbonate ions were present in the treated medium.
Vibrational spectra of methylammonium iodide and formamidinium iodide in a wide temperature range
Authors: Bukleski Miha , Dimitrovska-Lazova Sandra , Aleksovska Slobotka
Published: January 2020

Transmission infrared, Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) and Raman spectra of crystalline methylammonium iodide (MAI) and formamidinium iodide (FAI) in the temperature interval starting from –170 ºC to 200 ºC were studied. The spectra recorded in the region from 4000 to 500 cm–1 enabled resolving the ambiguities associated with the origin of some bands. For the first time a complete and detailed vibrational investigation and assignment of the IR spectra of these compounds based on the differences in the temperature dependent IR spectra for all phases, including the metastable ones, have been made. The findings support the already established crystal structure of the phases for both compounds. The correlation between the overtones and fundamental modes has been confirmed based on the temperature induced isosbestic point.
The Effect of Motivational System on the Reporting Rate of Medication Errors in Iranian Pediatric Wards
Authors: massah laleh , mohammadi Rouhangiz , Mahboobeh Namnabati
Published: January 2020

Backgrand: The rate of reporting medication errors among nurses is lower than the actual rate. The role of education, encouragement, and promotion of reporting culture can contribute to the increase of errors reporting. This study was to investigate the effect of motivational system on reporting of medication errors in pediatric wards Methods: A quasi-experimental study was done through 60 nurses working in pediatric wards of the selected hospital were selected using census sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on eight medication principles completed by the nurses before and after the intervention. The intervention in this study was a motivational program with two parts of training and positive reinforcement that was conducted in 2018 for four months. For data analysis, SPSS16 was used. Results: After the intervention, the most prevalent medication error (60%) was in the principle of right medication (related to similar name. Furthermore, the mean score of nurses' medication error reporting increased significantly in all the principles after the intervention (P <0.05). Conclusions: Motivational system increased reporting of medication errors in nurses. Therefore, the managers can improve medication care and the children safety through continuous training and encouragement in the hospitals.
GREK MİTOLOJİSİNDE İNSAN KURBANI
Authors: HARDAL Efdâl
Published: January 2020

İnsan kurban etmenin şartlarının ve sınırlarının neler olduğunu anlamak amacıyla ilk olarak, antik yazarların konuya bakış açılarının özellikle netleştirilmesi gerekmektedir. İnsan kurbanı teması hiçbir zaman Grek mitolojisinde ya da Grek kültüründe yaygın bir ritüel türü olmamıştır. İnsan kurbanı bir toplumun, tanrının, kralın vs. umutsuzluğu sebebiyle var olan olağanüstü bir çözüm yolu olmuştur. Bu makalede, mitolojinin vicdanı altındaki hangi dayanakların insan kurbanına izin verdikleri üzerine yoğunlaşılacaktır. Bu sebeple İphigenia, Hesione, Andromeda ve Polyksene hakkındaki mitoslar incelenecek ve karşılaştırılacaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, varılacak olan sonuçlar seçilmiş olan arkeolojik kanıtlarla desteklenecektir. Bu çalışmanın sonunda varılacak olan neticeyle; dişiliğin her zaman ataerkillik ile doğa ana arasında ortada kalmış olduğu savunulabilir. Dolayısıyla bunun Grek Mitolojisindeki insan kurbanının gizli ikonografisi olduğu kanaatindeyiz.
Uniola paniculata (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Unioliinae), nuevo registro para la flora de la Península de Yucatán, México
Authors: Tovar-Montalvo Daniel Alexis , Medina-Acevedo Monserrat , García-Bielma Miguel Angel , Guerra-Santos Jesús Jaime
Published: January 2020

Antecedentes y Objetivos: La avena de mar, Uniola paniculata, se distribuye en el Caribe, los Estados Unidos de América y México. El objetivo de este trabajo es reportar su presencia y registro en el estado de Campeche, México.
Métodos: Se colectaron ejemplares de la familia Poaceae creciendo en una duna frontal al suroeste del estado de Campeche, específicamente en la Isla del Carmen. Las colectas fueron procesadas y herborizadas, para su conservación e identificación.
Resultado clave: Con la identificación de ejemplares, y después de hacer una revisión de su distribución, se registra por primera vez la presencia de Uniola paniculata (Poaceae) en la Península de Yucatán, representando una contribución al conocimiento florístico de la región y a la flora de México.
Conclusiones: Esta especie solo había sido reportada para la costa del Golfo de México, en los estados de Tamaulipas, Veracruz y Tabasco. Este registro adquiere relevancia por el papel ecológico de este pasto en las dunas costeras.
The Red Boat Spirit Leads the University’s Ideal and Belief Education Path from the Perspective of Identity Theory
Authors: Xijuan Zhai
Published: January 2020

The Red boat spirit is the spirit formed by the Communist Party of China during the revolution, which contains rich ideals and beliefs and educational resources. It is a spiritual pillar for the construction and development of the CPC itself, so it has a unique value for guiding the ideal and belief education of college students. Identity theory provides a new perspective for exploring the era value of the Red Boat spirit leading the ideal and belief education in colleges and universities. At present, the public, especially college students’ awareness and recognition of the Red Boat spirit deserve more in-depth study. Through the exploration and integration of theory and practice, this paper plans from the following aspects: the guidance of Red Boat spirit to college students’ ideal and belief education, the improvement of the effectiveness of college students’ ideal and belief education, the core of which is to grasp the essential point of agreement between the Red Boat spirit and college students’ ideals and beliefs, find the agreement between the two from the perspective of homology and identity, explore the role of improving the Red Boat spirit culture in leading college students’ ideals and beliefs, and enhance the university students’ awareness and identity of the Red Boat spirit.
Istitsna’ in Surah Al-An’am: Meanings and Its Implication
Authors: Muzdalifah Zahrotul
Published: January 2020

This research aimed to describe the type and functions of istitsna’ in Surah al-An’am, the meanings of ‘adawat istitsna’ and the implication for Arabic teaching and learning. The research design is descriptive qualitative. The result of this research, istisna’ phrases in Surah al-An’am based on type and function, those are istitsna’ muttashil which function is li takhsis, istitsna’ munqathi' which function is li istidrak and istisna’ 'mufarragh which function is li hasr. The ‘adawat isttisna' is not always meaningless "except" (kecuali/selain) but it can also mean "only"/"nothing but” (hanya/tidak lain hanyalah) in certain patterns. The implication of this research, there are 14 selections of patterns of istitsna’ that can be implemented in Arabic teaching and learning. For example, the patterns represented in understanding the theories of istitsna’ and the production of sentences by istitsna’ patterns for both of speaking or writing
Interrogative Sentence: A Contrastive Study of Arabic and Indonesian
Authors: Nikmah Khoirin
Published: January 2020

Involving first language (L1) in second language learning (L2) is considered as an effective method to be practiced. This research focuses on a contrastive study between Arabic and Indonesian. It aims to investigate similarities and differences of the two languages, especially about their interrogative sentence forms. It is descriptive qualitative research which applies two methods; observation and introspection method. Then, Contrastive Analysis (CA) is used to analyze the data. The result shows that similarity concept between Arabic and Indonesian is many shown on matā, ayna, limādzā, and hal. Meanwhile, differences between both of them are shown on mā, man, ayy, and kayfa. As a result, it may occur errors in the use of question, errors in translating interrogative sentence, and errors in understanding question.