bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The structure of diseases leading to the death of dogs and cats in the ecological conditions of the city of Irkutsk
Authors: Khankhasykov Sergey , Tikhenko Alexander , Tokar Victoria
Published: February 2023

For all industrial cities, the problem of the impact of habitat on animal health is relevant. Studies conducted in the environmental conditions of the city of Irkutsk in the period from 2018 to 2020 allowed us to establish that its atmospheric air contains high concentrations of benz(a)pyrene, formaldehyde and nitrogen dioxide. The maximum average daily concentration of potentially carcinogenic heavy metals was exceeded in all snow samples. During the period under review, a fatal outcome was recorded in 3967 cases in dogs and in 3024 cases in cats. The structure of diseases that caused the death of animals is dominated by diseases of non-infectious origin, among which tumor pathology took the first place in dogs. Diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems, as well as injuries, gunshot wounds and bites were among the leading ones. In cats, cancer, urinary tract diseases, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases were noted as the leading causes of death. The largest number of dogs and cats who died from cancer and diseases of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems lived in the central part of the city with the most polluted surface layer of the atmosphere.
Adsorption of Zinc ions by native and modified acacia bark (Acacia auriculiformis)
Authors: Galimova Rumia , Nguyen Dykh , Shaikhiev Ildar , Kraysman Natalia , Nguyen Thi Kim Thoa
Published: February 2023

Modified sorption materials were produced by treating earleaf acacia (Acacia auriculiformis) bark with low-concentration (1-3%wt) sulfuric acid solutions. The sorption properties of native and modified acacia bark for zinc (II) ions were studied. Based on the values of the initial and equilibrium concentrations of zinc ions in the solution, the materials' sorption capacity (A, mmol/g) was found and adsorption isotherms were plotted. It was found that the isotherms are type I isotherms according to the IUPAC classification and describe the process of monomolecular adsorption. It was found that acacia bark treatment with H2SO4 solutions resulted in an increase in the sorption capacity of the latter with respect to zinc (II) ions due to an increase in the area of the sorption material due to the extraction of part of the biopolymers in the matrix of the sorption material into solution. This circumstance leads to an increase in the pore space of modified samples of sorption material, which is proved by a decrease in the degree of crystallinity. The thermodynamic process parameters were found using the resulting adsorption process constants of the Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich models: sorption energy (E, kJ/mol) and Gibbs energy (ΔG, kJ/mol), which values indicate that the processes of zinc (II) ions adsorption by native and modified acacia bark are physical adsorption processes. The kinetics has been studied and kinetic dependences of the processes of Zn2+ ions adsorption by native and modified acacia bark have been plotted. The resulting kinetic dependences were analyzed based on the Boyd diffusion model and it was determined that in all four cases mixed adsorption occurred, that is, both external and internal diffusion are limiting.
The species composition of tree and shrub plantations and their forest pathological state
Authors: Zhichkina Lyudmila , Zhichkin Kirill , Lazhauninkas Julia , Kochegarova Ol’ga , Berdnova Ekaterina , Kochetkov Egor , Popov Valery
Published: February 2023

The stability of forest ecosystems and their resilience in the event of stressful situations is determined by the species composition of tree and shrub plantations. Forest ecosystems represent a biological system consisting of a community of interconnected living organisms dominated by woody vegetation, with the direct influence of abiotic factors complex. The research purpose is to determine the composition of tree and shrub species and their forest pathological state. 13 species of trees (3 species of coniferous species, 10 species of deciduous species) and 6 species of shrubs grow on the territory of the Volzhsky forestry. In the composition of the forest stand, the tree species proportion varies from 0.1% to 29.4%, the shrubs proportion varies from 0.1% to 8.3%. Among deciduous species, lanceolate ash dominates (29.4%), among conifers, Siberian larch (12.7%), and among shrubs, common lilac (8.3%). The conducted studies allowed to identify 28 species of harmful organisms (18 species - pests and 10 species - pathogens of fungal, viral and non-infectious diseases). Among the pests, the ecological group of pests of leaves and needles was the most represented - 37.9% in tree species and 11.1% in shrubs, among diseases - diseases of trunks and branches - 19.7%. The tree species most affected by diseases and damaged by pests was the small-leaved elm, so in 94% of the trees the leaves were damaged by pests and in 59% of the trees the trunks and branches were affected by diseases.
Constructive and technological solutions for underground space safety amidst dense historical buildings and weak foundation soils
Authors: Mangushev Rashid , Osokin Anatoliy , Diakonov Ivan , Kalach Filipp
Published: February 2023

The article considers the issues of geotechnical substantiation and application of constructive and technological measures for the construction of underground space up to 4.4 m deep in the closed courtyard of the Palace built in the 18th century in conditions of weak water-saturated soils in the historical center of St. Petersburg. The underground space of 18.4 x 29.4 m was arranged in close proximity to the enclosing structures of civil buildings built in the 18th - 19th centuries. The article presents design solutions based on the finite element calculation method for strengthening the foundations of existing buildings, enclosing the pit and the foundations of the new structures, which comprehensively ensure compliance with the required safe additional deformations of the surrounding buildings. The results of geotechnical monitoring are presented in comparison with the results of a numerical calculation of the main load-bearing structures of new and existing buildings of the surrounding development during the construction process.
Determination of the Bending Moment in the Diaphragm Wall by Inclinometric Observations
Authors: Osokin Anatolii , Paramonov Maksim , Dyakonov Ivan , Bashmakov Ivan
Published: February 2023

The article discusses the features of monitoring the enclosing structures of the deep excavation, made using the technology of a diaphragm wall in the ground. In modern geotechnical construction practice, it is important to ensure the safe execution of works on the installation of deep pits in the built-up part of the city. The use of the diaphragm wall construction for fencing the pit has become a popular technical solution. However, there are many uncertainties associated with the work of the construction. The rationale for the need to control the actual values of the bending moment that occurs in the structure is given. The main difficulties associated with the control of forces in the enclosing structure with the help of force sensors are noted. Based on the laws of the theory of elasticity, an alternative method has been developed for determining bending moments in the diaphragm wall according to inclinometric observations, taking into account the non-linear operation of reinforced concrete. To analyze the engineering situation, the PLAXIS 2D software package was used in an untrained formulation. The obtained results are compared with the results of numerical calculations.
Effect of reinforcement on the durability of bent reinforced concrete structures under conditions of alternating freezing and thawing
Authors: Popov Vladimir
Published: February 2023

The article studies the influence of the level and type of reinforcement of bending elements of reinforced concrete structures on their bearing capacity under the influence of alternating freezing and thawing. Strength and deformation characteristics for B30 concrete class were taken according to Construction Rules SP 63.13330.2018, and after exposure to alternating freezing and thawing according to Construction Rules SP 52.105.2009. The study of the stress-strain state and the assessment of the bearing capacity were carried out according to a specially developed program, in which the diagrammatic method was implemented. It is shown that the durability of bent reinforced concrete structures depends on the percentage and type of reinforcement. When reinforcing with longitudinal tensile reinforcement equal to 1%, the decrease in the bearing capacity of a reinforced concrete beam after exposure to alternating freezing and thawing will make up 5.5%, and in case of 2.5% reinforcement it will equal to 20.9%. In addition, the nature of fracture will change and the stress in the tensile reinforcement will not reach the design resistance. If it is impossible to limit the percentage of reinforcement of longitudinal tensile reinforcement, it is recommended to use double reinforcement. Installation of working reinforcement in a compressed zone in a volume of 50% of the stretched one with a reinforcement percentage of 2% will reduce the decrease in bearing capacity to 2.2% after exposure to freezing and thawing cycles and not change the nature of destruction.
Modern approaches to the design of bases and foundations at permafrost zone sites with account for the effects of global warming
Authors: Sakharov Igor
Published: February 2023

The article considers the features of designing the bases and foundations of buildings and structures in the permafrost zone. It is shown that the developing global warming requires, in the case of using principle I, to provide for the cooling of the base with the help of heat stabilizers. It is recommended to use horizontal heat stabilizers, which contribute to the formation of a slab of frozen soil at the base, making it possible, in some cases, to abandon the use of piles. When using a ventilated underground, it is proposed to use backup heat stabilizers, which can start operating as the soil temperature rises. In the case of using principle II, it is possible to stabilize plastic frozen soils by injection of cement grout in hydraulic fracturing mode.
Overview of the use of energy-saving technologies in building
Authors: Zubarev Kirill , Zobnina Yulia , Andreeva Peraskovya
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the current research is to review the technologies of a phase change material application. The principles and peculiarities of the operation of a material with a phase change have been studied. Experimental studies conducted by Nan Yu, Chao Chen, Khamid Mahkamov, Irina Makhkamova, Qiong Li and Jing Ma based on the method of curing of precast concrete elements under fallow have been described. The research methodology proves the effectiveness of the application of materials of this kind in the construction industry. The options for using wall panels with a phase change material inside the construction have been considered. The study of the wall model with a phase change material namely paraffin in the enclosing structure conducted by such author as Babaev B.D. is presented. The calculation method for the system introduced by the researcher for assessing the effectiveness of passive heating obtained from the original construction has been studied. A comparative analysis of constructions with heat-retaining materials such as a building envelope with a phase change material and a concrete floor was carried out. A method of climate forecasting that makes it possible to choose the most rational passive strategy for the future use has been studied. The possibilities of using bioclimatic maps and the Givoni’s chart for analyzing weather conditions and evaluating the efficiency of using a particular energy-efficiency system have been considered.
Theoretical and practical aspects of unauthorized construction: the matter of legalization and demolition
Authors: Voskresenskaya Elena , Zhilskiy Nikolay
Published: February 2023

Economic advancement of society is accompanied by social phenomena of various nature. Hence, there is a need for legal regulation of such relations: characterization of legal relations; definition of the parties, legal regime for the matter of those relations, plus sanctioning for non-performance or improper performance of the law. The paper discusses legalization of unauthorized construction objects that entails to study in theory the possibility of recognition of illegal buildings as unauthorized. The authors pose a number of unsolved questions: the problem of legal nature of an authorized construction as a specific object of civil rights; identification of criteria to categorize construction objects as unauthorized; distinction of types of unauthorized constructions which may or in no event can be legalized; elaboration of methods and means to legalize unauthorized constructions and other conceptual issues. The authors have stated that legally opposite effects of unauthorized constructions in the form of demolition or recognition as illegal building offer no compromise between the parties. The authors have proven impossible to conduct administrative procedure for demolition of unauthorized constructions. The removing of an unauthorized building is only possible judicially.
Sustainable development of facilities based on modeling and optimization of organizational solutions
Authors: Klyuchnikova Olga , Alyaeva Marina , Melnikov Lev , Tsapko Konstantin
Published: February 2023

The author set out to investigate the conditions for the distribution of sustainable development processes based on modeling and optimization of organizational solutions, which will reduce development time and increase production efficiency. The solution to this problem is also largely determined by the timing and quality of technical preparation of production. Improving the quality of technical training leads to a reduction in time and costs for the development and release of new products. At the same time, the annual and quarterly volumes of work at the facilities are determined in accordance with the technology of construction of facilities, taking into account the probabilistic parameters of current plans. The results obtained are the basis for drawing up rational current production programs that contribute to improving the sustainable development of the facility. To achieve this goal, the authors solved the following tasks: to study the prerequisites for improving operational planning; justification of the adopted design decisions.
Application of artificial intelligence systems for stylometric analysis of texts as factor of sustainable development
Authors: Mikherskii Rostislav , Mikherskii Mikhail
Published: February 2023

Investment in human capital, along with natural resource management, is an important indicator of sustainable development. One of the areas of such investments is the creation of artificial intelligence systems that allow for the classification of texts. This paper analyzes the use of artificial intelligence systems for stylometric text analysis. On the basis of the algorithm of the convolutional artificial immune system, a system for stylometric analysis of texts was developed and implemented in software. In order to determine the possibility of using this system to determine the authorship of literary works, it was trained and tested. For this, the works of two authors were chosen: Leo Tolstoy and Fyodor Kryukov. This system demonstrated a high quality of text classification and a good speed of work and learning. So, to test the performance of the system, 11 works by Leo Tolstoy and 12 works by Fedor Kryukov were taken that were not used to train the system. All works of these authors were classified correctly. It should be noted that the artificial immune system algorithm can also be successfully used in other tasks requiring text classification.
Mathematical modeling of the temperature field of the arc of a conductive channel taking into account the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity
Authors: Kanareykin Aleksandr
Published: February 2023

The article is devoted to mathematical modelling of the plasma temperature field taking into account the temperature dependence of thermal conductivity. The channel model was taken as a basis. Neglecting a very small fraction of the energy received by the ions during their acceleration in the longitudinal field, it can be assumed that all the energy taken by the arc discharge from an external source in the arc column passes directly to the plasma electrons. To find the temperature field by the integration method, the equation of thermal conductivity was solved. At the same time, the arc column is considered as a cylindrical continuous conductive rod in which all the supplied electrical energy is diverted due to thermal conductivity to the cooled walls of the discharge tube. The arc itself is represented by two regions: conductive and non-conductive. Based on mathematical modelling, the law of temperature field change in the arc cross-section was obtained. A formula was also derived to determine the effective radius of an electrically conductive channel.
Sustainable territorial development by improving preparation and approval of territory planning documents (exemplified in linear objects)
Authors: Ovchinnikova Natalia , Aliyeva Natalia , Petrova Irina
Published: February 2023

The relevance of this work lies in the fact that for the country to be successful in sustainable development it is necessary to create quality documentation to ensure a balanced solution of social and economic problems, preservation of environmental potential and in general the state of the environment to further meet the needs of people. Today the issues of spatial planning are very topical, as over the past few decades a huge number of amendments and changes have been made to the land and urban planning legislation. At the moment, the processes of approval, development and approval of various spatial planning documents are undergoing changes in order to improve them. With regard to the territorial planning project, it is becoming necessary at the stage of drafting and obtaining a permit for further construction of any object. In cadastral activities, the above document is the basis for the state cadastral registration. The information provided in the territory planning project may not contradict the requirements of the documents of a higher level of influence. The main purpose of the territory planning project is to find the best options for the use of the territory of the settlement, which contributes to improving the living conditions of people living in such areas. The drafting of territory planning and land surveying may be carried out not only for land plots and construction projects, but also for linear objects.
Capabilities of AlN/SiC adaptive optics for unmanned rescue vehicle applications
Authors: Panyutin Eugeny
Published: February 2023

The possibility of using epitaxial AlN/SiC structures with technologically conditioned surface curvature as electrically controlled adaptive lenses for high-temperature applications, in particular, to equip image sensors for unmanned rescue vehicles operating in fires is discussed. Advances in epitaxial III-nitride technology for "thick" AlN-layers and multilayer heterostructures lead to a new approach to the development of electrically steerable lenses based on the inverse piezo effect oriented toward the optical axis. In contrast to the radially oriented piezo effect previously used to produce bending deformations in bimorph membrane-type microlenses, this design approach will improve the mechanical strength and reliability of the lens and is expected to produce adaptive thermal compensation of its optical parameters for possible changes of the ambient temperature in a wide range (up to 1000ºC). Within the framework of this concept an algorithm has been developed and modelling has been carried out to calculate the optimum value of the control voltage as a function of temperature for various values of the curvature radius of the AlN/SiC heterogeneity.
A model describing the dependence of the capacity of nickel-cadmium batteries
Authors: Galushkin Dmitriy , Astsaturov Yuriy , Tomilina Lyudmila
Published: February 2023

The paper presents studies of the empirical Korovin-Skundin equations, the generalized Peikert equation, the porous electrode equation and the probability integral. After that, it is proved that these equations can be used to estimate the capacity of nickel-cadmium accumulator at different discharge currents. The relations (4, 6, 8, 9) presented in the work fully correspond to the obtained experimental data with and have a relative error of no more than 6%, which is quite an acceptable fact for practical calculations. However, the parameters in these ratios depend on the capacity of the batteries under study, which is not an entirely acceptable fact in their practical application. It is shown that the Peikert, Libenov, Aguf and Khaskina-Danilenko equations cannot be used to calculate the capacity given off by the battery according to the considered changes in the discharge current. It has been established that the Peikert, Libenov and Aguf equations have an inversely proportional dependence for the discharged capacity on the discharge current, but such a dependence appears only starting from the inflection point and to infinity, and for SBM brand batteries, the inflection point of the curve C(i) is at the current i = 1Cn. In addition, it is shown that the Haskina-Danilenko equation cannot be used in the entire range of discharge currents considered in the work, since it is valid only in the range from zero to discharge currents, starting from which the battery capacity begins to drop sharply. It is established that the parameters of these equations depend on the capacity of the batteries, and this is a disadvantage in their practical application.
Improving reliability of power supply facilities in agro-industrial sector
Authors: Zaginaylov Vladimir , Mamedov Timur , Stushkina Natalia , Leshtayev Oleg , Rtishcheva Nadezhda
Published: February 2023

The analysis of energy efficiency of territorial network organization (TNO) of the Ministry of Energy and agricultural company (AC) with renewable energy source (RES) on the balance of TNO or AC was carried out. It is shown that when evaluating the energy efficiency of technical facilities, it is possible to use the efficiency factor, and when evaluating the technologies of product manufacturing, the energy intensity of product manufacturing can be used. If RES is on the balance of TNO, the efficiency of TNO is determined by the additional gross income (GI) received from the electric power (EP) sales of RES and the reduction of EP losses in its transmission line (PL) of the centralized power supply system (CPSS). AC buys all the necessary EP, for agricultural production (AP), from TNO. If the RES is on AC balance sheet, the TNO efficiency is determined only by the reduction of EP losses transmitted through the CPSS PL. In this case, TNO loses part of the gross income from the reduction of the amount of EP purchased by AC, by the amount of EP produced by RES. The energy efficiency of agricultural production (AP) in AC increases because the energy intensity of AP production is reduced by the EP additionally received from RES.
Radiophysical methods in the remote study of the dry soils layered structure
Authors: Yushkova Olga , Kibardina Irina , Marchuk Vasiliy
Published: February 2023

The necessity of joint use of radar instruments and microwave radiometers in the study of the structure and composition of the interior of the Moon is substantiated. Radar allows you to study a layer of soil up to 3 km thick, but the upper thin layers will be transparent to this instrument. The radiometer makes it possible to study the upper layer up to 1-2 m thick. The combination of the results of measuring with two instruments allows obtaining more detailed information about the structure and dielectric properties of the soil. The placement of instruments on board the orbital space module provides a fast and large-scale study of the space body. The paper presents the results of numerical simulation of the problem. The thickness of the thermal insulation ground layer, frequency of the radio waves; thickness and density of the regolith; the temperature on the surface of the Moon are taken into account for simulation. The proposed method can be used to study the soils of Mars and the Earth in dry desert regions.
Cenological approach in industrial ecosystem research in transition to industry 5.0
Authors: Shkarupeta Elena , Kalmykova Tatyana , Serebryakova Nadezhda
Published: February 2023

The concept of industrial ecosystems and cenological theory are co-evolutionary, since they are based on the similarity of living, non-living and artificial things. At the present time there are no works proving the functioning of industrial ecosystems as cenosis, the hypothetical possibility of applying the cenological approach to the study of industrial ecosystems. This determines the relevance of the research. The purpose of the work is to form a theoretical basis for the use of the cenological approach in the study of industrial ecosystems at the present stage of their development, characterized by the use of digital technologies and the transition to Industry 5.0. The main method of research was a rating analysis based on the initial data of the digitalization index of 20 enterprises - leaders of the industrial ecosystem for the year 2021. It was concluded that the industrial ecosystem of digital leaders has formed as a new type of cenosis - the industrial cenosis. Consideration of the law of rank distribution is a management condition for the functioning of the industrial ecosystem, allows to optimize its composition in order to achieve the ideal set of actors and increase stability.
Transport and economic justification of road routing options (on the example of Arkhangelsk - Naryan-Mar automobile route)
Authors: Popova Olga , Glebova Juliya , Breskich Vera , Butyrin Andrey
Published: February 2023

The Arctic region has received increasing attention in recent years. One of the topical areas of transport system development in the Russian Federation is the transit potential of the Arctic region as well as transport connections with the Barents region countries. The purpose of the research is to make a transport and economic research of variants of automobile transport network development in the Barents region - the transport route Arkhangelsk - Naryan-Mar. The research objectives are: to analyse regional transport network of Nenets Autonomous District; to develop versions of Arkhangelsk - Naryan-Mar transport routes; to estimate transport and economic characteristics and choose a variant of motor transport route. Two variants of the Arkhangelsk - Naryan-Mar road route have been considered in the course of this work. The first one is 887 kilometres long and goes along the sparsely populated territory, through the village Volokovaya. The second route is 940 km long. It is situated in the north through 10 settlements, including the town of Mezen, the administrative centre of Mezen municipal district. A more feasible route is the second option, which runs along the shores of the Mezen Bay of the White Sea and the Chesh Bay of the Pechora Sea. In spite of the fact that this route is 77 km longer than Route 1, it will be a transport artery, passing through 10 settlements, among which is the town of Mezen, the administrative centre of Mezen municipal district.
Estimation of the thermophysical properties of heat-protective composite materials
Authors: Aleksandrova Yu. P.
Published: February 2023

The paper proposes a mathematical simulation method for identifying thermophysical properties using a developed software package based on a composite material model presented as a combination of plates of alternating heterogeneous components, fiber material and air, oriented parallel and perpendicular to the heat flux. The effect of the orientation angle of the fibers and their volume content on the effective thermal conductivity has been determined.
The effect of airspeed on the geometric appearance of the mainline aircraft
Authors: Kriven G. I. , Kuprikov M. Yu. , Kuprikov N. M.
Published: February 2023

Modern needs when forming key technologies for the creation of high-speed mainline aircraft can be divided into following seven groups covering the basic technical aspects: ensuring an acceptable level of acoustic impact while simultaneously ensuring the required aerodynamic efficiency by creating an integrated construction arrangement of the aircraft; ensuring the target fuel efficiency of the power plant and permissible harmful emissions at supersonic airspeeds while meeting the requirements by noise level at take-off and landing modes; ensuring the target values of the weight and resource efficiency of the aircraft structure while ensuring the required rigidity and aeroelasticity; ensuring reliable stability and controllability in all flight modes; increasing the reliability and functionality of the onboard equipment and systems under kinetic heating conditions; improving the efficiency of onboard systems based on more effective electric aircraft technologies; participating in the creation of international requirements and standards for certification and the operation of new generation aircraft.
Rehabilitation of the physical condition of the motor vehicle driver by means of physical training
Authors: Lipkovich Igor , Pyatikopov Sergey , Kovaleva Svetlana , Egorova Irina , Petrenko Nadezhda
Published: February 2023

The article is intended for engineering and technological workers involved in the exploitation of road transport, for specialists of automobile enterprises who are responsible for organizing road safety. Prevention of diseases and increase of efficiency of drivers, development of such functions as attention, speed of reaction, perception of space and other professionally important psycho-physiological qualities, can be achieved only through purposeful and dosed application of specially designed complex sports and health-improving classes. The article presents the simplified methodology for determining the physical condition of the personnel of the car enterprise in order to design exercises and complexes based on it to achieve the goal. It also offers forms of physical education, which contributes to the optimal method of their organization and conduct. In addition, the frequency of classes is of great importance, which directly affects the speed of recovery of drivers. The purpose of this article was to determine the content, organizational and methodological features of complex physical exercises for drivers of vehicles. In the course of the research, the comprehensive program was designed to prevent fatigue, prevent occupational diseases and improve the efficiency of drivers. The following forms of physical exercises were included in the complex program: introductory gymnastics, physical culture minute, physical culture pause, self-massage, corrective exercises for the eyes, physical culture and health classes.
Formation of critical thinking in preparation future air transport specialists
Authors: Volkova Lyudmila
Published: February 2023

The research describes the possibilities of critical thinking, its influence on the motivation for the formation of social and professional competencies. The relevance of the research is that today the formed critical thinking affects the success of graduates, their demand among employers and is a key indicator of assessing the quality of university activities. The novelty of the research consists in the development of technology for the forming of critical thinking among students of flight specialties, proof of its effectiveness in the practice of the educational process is provided. The methods of forming critical thinking among students during the implementation of the basic discipline «Physical Culture and Sports» are considered, which provide, in addition to optimizing the psychophysiological states of students, the development of social qualities - initiative, independence, competence, the ability to think critically, which affect the motivation to achieve results not only in physical training and sports activities, but also in professional aviation training. The practical significance of the research lies in the intensification of professional and applied training of students of aviation universities, which will help any student to navigate in the future profession and will eventually give the opportunity to manage the safety of aircraft flights.
Approaches to evaluating innovations transfer: from macro to micro level
Authors: Preobrazhenskiy Yuri , Firsova Anna , Chelnokova Olga , Vavilina Alla
Published: February 2023

In the modern economy, innovation has become an important determinant of economic growth and sustainable development, so the need to evaluate the effectiveness of the innovation transfer is increasing. The aim of the work is to develop the approach to the evaluation of innovation transfer effectiveness at macro, meso and micro levels of national economies. The paper also reveals the differences in the processes of knowledge spillover and the innovation transfer within innovation systems of different levels; as well it assesses the innovation transfer processes based on the data from Russian regions. The authors make some judgments about the effectiveness of technology transfer and analyze the prerequisites for knowledge spillover across Russian regions.
Intermodal transportation in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and digitalization
Authors: Lipis Evgeniia , Schislyaeva Elena
Published: February 2023

The paper deals with topical issues of organizing intermodal transportation in the context of the restrictions and difficulties that have arisen as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, taking into account the increasingly active processes of digitalization of the logistics industry. The analysis of the main trends in the freight transportation market during the peak of the COVID-19 pandemic was made, as well as in 2020-2021. The main trends in the development of the market have been identified; both in the context of the current situation and taking into account the emerging trends. The priority types of transport are determined based on the analysis of data from the Association of American Railroads, JSC Russian Railways, the United Nations (railway transport, maritime transport, road transport - for the "last mile"), the relevance of which is obvious today. The relevance of the introduction of advanced digital and information technologies for all participants in the supply chain, both individually and globally, was also identified - the creation and implementation of digital logistics platforms.
Digital supply chain inventory management: international experience and Russian perspective
Authors: Maiorova Ksenia , Balashova Elena
Published: February 2023

In today's reality of the transformation of the market and business, stocks of goods become one of the most important and competitive assets since their turnover is the main source of profit for companies. The active adoption of digital technologies makes it difficult to perform tasks such as inventory management, the development of effective strategies and policies for warehouse stocks with unsupported approaches. In the current circumstances of the rapid development of the market, many companies must face many difficult situations: the development of new markets, an increase in the number of suppliers, the expansion of the product range. As a result of the digital transformation of the logistics infrastructure, the process of inventory management in supply chains is changing, which creates the prerequisites for the creation and application of completely new digital concepts oriented to the optimization of logistics processes. The present study describes the modern stage of logistic infrastructure digitalization. The impact of digital technologies on inventory management in company supply chains has been identified. The concept of a digital double is discussed, which is used to optimize the processes of inventory management in supply chains and its specifics. An analysis of the implemented projects of international and domestic companies on the introduction of a digital model of supply chain optimization was carried out.
Some aspects of the socio-economic development by the example of modeling the dynamics of the development of the transport system (Russian experience)
Authors: Borisova Ludmila , Zhukova Galina
Published: February 2023

The economic importance of transport in the life of society is to ensure the development, communication and coordination of the work of all sectors of the economy. Transport contributes to the solidity of the state, allows you to maneuver resources, promptly resolve emergencies and coordinate issues related to the health of the nation. One of the most important indicators of social life in terms of the development of the transport system is the death rate on the roads. The models of forecasting the development of the transport system of the Russian Federation, based on a mathematical model of the spread of innovative technologies, on the example of rail and road transport, are considered. Generalizations of models and some results of their research are given. The article presents a comparative analysis of the Russian transport system by 11 indicators in accordance with the frequency of deaths in road accidents per 100,000 populations according to Rosstat data for 2020. Machine learning methods collected in the Data Master Azforus (DMA) program were applied. The conducted studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of using machine learning methods to identify patterns linking the number of deaths in road accidents per 100,000 populations with the indicators of the transport system.
Analysis of the economic efficiency of the railway property (Russian experience)
Authors: Filatov Evgeniy
Published: February 2023

Railway transport is an important component of the economic complex of the Russian Federation. Companies, assessing their financial and economic activities, strive to improve the efficiency of all areas of operation. In this connection, the necessity of analyzing the financial and economic activities of companies has been determined, which will allow assessing the effectiveness of the main vectors of development. Improving the information and analytical system for supporting management decision-making in terms of formalizing criteria for evaluating decisions focused on the long-term development of the company is most relevant. The share of non-current assets in the property of JSC «Russian Railways» in 2011 was 91.04%, then in 10 years in 2021 it was 95.75%. Therefore, the analysis of the efficiency of the use of non-current assets is of the greatest interest. The success of a business primarily depends on the analytical activity of the management staff, their professional knowledge and skills. As a result, the construction and analysis of a multifactor model of return on non-current assets is most relevant in today's times. In the article, the authors have developed a 5-factor model for factor analysis of the return on non-current assets. The relationship of these five factors with the resulting indicator is functional. The article reveals the influence of factors affecting the change in the return on non-current assets and gives the author's methodological approaches for its calculation (methods of factor analysis developed by Filatov E.A.).
Model of the state policy for the development of enterprises in the hospitality industry
Authors: Yakobchuk Valentyna , Zborovska Olga , Dombrovska Svitlana , Dragan Iryna , Blyznyuk Andrii , Abuselidze George
Published: February 2023

The estimation of the basic tendencies of the development of enterprises in the hospitality industry in national and global scales wass carried out. Professional and qualified staff is the prerogative of any business, including hotel, because it is able to demonstrate the level of high-quality service. The main problems of an internal character concerning functioning and development of enterprises in the hospitality industry are allocated. Negative macroeconomic factors that affect the effectiveness of the state policy for the development in hospitality enterprises have been identified. Priority tasks have been formulated on the issues of improving the quality management in the hospitality enterprises, the solution of which will further develop specific measures to implement a quality-oriented model of the state policy for the development in the hospitality enterprises. This model should include elements of managing the process of providing services, new product development, deliveries and other elements that significantly affect the quality of service. It is proved that the structure of the model of the state policy for the development of enterprises in the hospitality industry is most reliably represented in the form of a set of subsystems: support functional and target subsystem.
Industrial ecology and environmental management: reducing the level of systemic risks
Authors: Prodanova Natalia , Gordova Marina , Parasotskaya Natalia
Published: February 2023

The purpose of the study is to determine the directions of reducing systemic risks in the process of industrial companies as participants in the process of environmental management. Analysing the totality of sources within the framework of the topic under study through comparative and analytical methods, the author determines that the environment is considered as a set of both inanimate and living beings, as well as their impact on human living existence. It is attributed to the totality of both the physical and biotic environment in which human life and work take place, or the habitat of plants and animals. It is an environment in which humans, fauna and flora survive or function. It is generally recognized that in recent centuries anthropogenic impacts have disrupted the harmony of ecosystems (air, soil, water), changed the surface of the Earth's crust, redesigned the standard of living. Natural resources can contribute to growth, development and poverty reduction. Globally, the extractive industry sector has grown exponentially, contributing to economic development. However, many countries in which organizations extract these natural resources face problems such as resource dependence and poor governance. It is significant that the extractive industries are divided into two sectors: mining and oil and gas. Companies in the extractive industries extract raw materials, including oil, coal, gold, iron, copper and other minerals, from the ground. Industrial mining processes include drilling, pumping, quarrying and mining. using resources to develop new ways to protect the environment.
Cross-country analysis by the level of transport Market development and its adaptation to changing Russian economic conditions
Authors: Komissarova Maria , Storozhuk Irina , Zemlyakova Svetlana , Komissarov Vyacheslav , Turaeva Natalia
Published: February 2023

The aim of the study is the process of formation of strategic stability in Russia. In today's competitive environment with the transition to import substitution, the commercial sector of the economy needs to be modernized. In order to ensure the efficiency of the functioning of the commercial sector of the economy (in Russia, the commercial sector of the economy accounts for 82% of all enterprises and organizations), it is proposed to strengthen business reputation — the development of service-oriented business processes for the commercial sector of the Russian economy in the context of strengthening industry 4.0–4.1 on a single platform. As a tool, it is proposed to conduct monitoring according to unified balanced indicators for a more transparent vision of the economy of Russian enterprises and industries. The prospect of the research is the study of specific tools and aspects, which is a kind of reflection of the current trends, which in any case expect a targeted and modern approach, namely, it will serve to take prompt anti-crisis measures by top managers to save Russian enterprises from bankruptcy at any stage of their life cycle and transition of the national economy into an innovative and productive inclusive one. The article is of interest to specialists in the field of regional and municipal management, for researchers, lecturers, graduate students, undergraduates and students economic and managerial universities.
Intermediate results: how students assess distance learning and whether there are prospects for its application in interactive educational environments
Authors: Sosnilo Andrei , Mayorova Elizaveta
Published: February 2023

The paper presents the results of the study of the use of services and technologies in distance learning for students. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of using distance learning technologies that affect learning outcomes and students' satisfaction with the educational process. The work is relevant to improving the educational process by increasing the effectiveness of distance learning tools and technologies, taking into account their advantages, improving the quality characteristics of the educational process, its elements and the use of optimal technologies for both students and teachers. As part of the preparation of the work, a sociological study of 1,000 university students was conducted, in which the preferences of students in the use of distance learning services, the frequency of their use, the degree of application of such tools by teachers in the educational process were studied. The most popular digital services for distance learning were identified, including the most widely used interactive learning services. Identification of the main negative and positive aspects of distance learning in terms of students. Prospects for the use of digital services in virtual educational environments and meta-universes were shown, as well as the development of electronic didactic means for the implementation of the educational process. The results obtained during the study allow clarifying the attitude of students to distance education, assess the degree of influence of various factors on the effectiveness of distance education. The results can be used to make changes in the current educational process in terms of application or rejection of specific methods and technologies, their adaptation and improvement.
Effects of biochar and fertilizer amendments on soil acidity and soil organic carbon content on Luvic Anthrosols in Russian Far East
Authors: Nesterova Olga , Semal Viktoriia , Bovsun Maria , Brikmans Anastasia , Sakara Nikolay , Tarasova Tatiana
Published: February 2023

The paper presents the results of a study effect of biochar together with fertilizers on the acidic properties and organic content in Luvic Anthrosols in the South of the Russian Far East during two years field experiment. As a result of the study, it was proved that the combination of biochar with organic fertilizers contributes to the preservation of organic carbon in the soil at the end of the growing season, even 16 months after application both on the drainage site and without drainage. The most effective shift of acidity values towards neutral occurs 4 months after the introduction of biochar and combination with fertilizers for all experimental variants on a non-drainage site. After 16 months the acidity values almost return to the original values of the beginning of the growing season.