bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of angiotensin II receptor blockers in children- a review of evidence
Authors: Nwaiwu O , Olayemi SO , Amao O
Published: May 2021

Background: The incidence of hypertension in the pediatric population has been increasing. Childhood blood pressure is predictive of adult BP. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system pathway is important in the mediation of pediatric hypertension. New therapies approved for adults are often used off label in children with little or no efficacy and safety data in the paediatric population The angiotensin receptor blockers has been shown to be effective and safe in the treatment of pediatric hypertension.Objective: The objective of this review is to highlight available clinical evidence on the efficacy, safety tolerability and kinetics of angiotensin receptor blockers in childhood hypertension and its antiproteinuric effect in renal disease.Method: The search strategy was based on Pubmed, Medline database, Cochrane Library, manual, Google and Yahoo searches. We summarized ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) .The search was done in June 2014 and updated in January and May 2015 in English language .Results: A total of 120 publications were accessed from which 68 references were included in the review. The design and outcome of ten key randomised trials are summarised. Randomised trials have demonstrated the efficacy of angiotensin receptor blockers in the pediatric population aged 1–16 years. This class of drugs reduce blood pressures in pediatric patients with hypertension and proteinuria in renal disease. Safety pharmacokinetic, dosage, and palatability of adult formulations for the paediatric age group are highlightedConclusion: Angiotensin receptor antagonists are useful effective and safe alternatives to available antihypertensive therapy in paediatric population. Angiotensin receptor antagonists should however be prescribed cautiously for sexually active adolescent females due to concern about angiotensin receptor blocker fetopathy.Keywords: Angiotensin receptor blockers, childhood hypertension, drug safety, drug efficacy, pharmacokinetics and renal diseases.
Nutritional status of day care attendees in Port Harcourt metropolis
Authors: Agbedeyi GO , Eke GK , Nte AR
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the nutritional status of children aged 0-35 months attending day care centres in Port Harcourt metropolis.Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive survey approved by the University of Port Harcourt Research Ethics Committee, the parents, Authorities of Day care centres and National Association of Proprietors of Private Schools, was carried out between November 2011 and July 2012 in 200 day care centres in Port Harcourt metropolis. The centres were selected using stratified multistage random sampling technique. At each day care 10 children (5 males and 5 females) selected randomly from those who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. With parental cooperation, each child's socio-demographic data, nutritional history and anthropometric measurements were obtained. Data were analysed using SPSS version 20. Statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Complete data for analysis were available for 1541 children aged 5-34months (mean 23.78 ± 7.04 months, median 25 months and modal 24 months) with 110(7.2%) children aged less than 12 months and 283(18%) less than 18 months. They consisted of 766 (49.7%) males and 775 (50.3%) females. Most children had normal nutritional status using the various indices but 46 (3%) children were underweight, 85 (5.5%) stunted, 109 (7.1%) wasted and 328 (21.3%) overweight. The mean Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) was 15.95 ± 1.698 cm with 29 (2%) children having MUAC below 115mm.Conclusion: Majority of the day care attendees were well nourished. However, the high prevalence of overweight malnutrition is of serious concern in view of its associated long term morbidity and the need for effective interventions to reduce this risk.Key Words: day care centres, under-fives, malnutrition, overweight, children.
Feeding pattern of children in day care centres in Port Harcourt metropolis
Authors: Agbedeyi GO , Eke GK , Nte AR
Published: May 2021

Objective: To determine the feeding pattern of day care attendees aged 0-35 months in Port Harcourt metropolis.Methodology : Following appropriate approvals, a pilot-tested questionnaire was used to obtain the socio-demographic data and information on the feeding pattern of 10 day care attendees aged 0- 35 months who met the study criteria selected from each of 200 schools using a stratified multistage random sampling technique. Data entry and analyses utilised SPSS version 20 and statistical significance was set at p<0.05.Results: Between November, 2011 and July, 2012, 1541 children comprised of 766 (49.7%) males and 775 (50.3%) females were studied. They were aged 5- 34months (mean 23.78 ± 7.04 months, median 25 months and modal 24 months) with 110(7.2%) children aged less than 12 months and 283(18%) aged less than 18 months. Although 102(6.6%) children were still breastfeeding, none of the 21 (1.4%) children aged less than 6 months was being exclusively breastfed. Complementary feeding commenced at age 6- 8 months in 747(48.5%) children, before 6 months in 613(39.8%) and after 9 months in 181(11.7%) children. The ages at starting day care attendance which ranged from 1-25 months with 56.3% children starting before 11 months of age statistically significantly influenced the ages at which complementary feeding commenced (χ2= 53.431, df = 8, p = 0.000). The main foods fed to day care attendees while at day care centres were adult diet for 1152 (74.8%) children and breast milk and/or cereals for 389 (25.2%). Daily feeding frequencies while at the centre which ranged between 1-6 times and decreased with the child’s age an the age was statistically significantly affected by the child’s age, the feeding frequency (p = 0.000).Conclusion: The feeding pattern of these day care attendees did not comply with the recommendations of the National Infant and Young Child Feeding Guidelines. This situation at a national level may contribute to the high prevalence of under-five malnutrition and calls for strategies to correct these deficiencies.Key words: Feeding pattern, Day care attendees, Day care centres,
How much do school teachers know about childhood asthma in Ilesa, Nigeria?
Authors: Kuti BP , Kuti DK , Omole KO , Oso BO , Mohammed LO , Minna YA
Published: May 2021

Background: Childhood asthma is affected by events and conditions of the school environment. Teachers as de-facto caregivers of children with asthma have a major role to play in ensuring good asthma control in school. This study set out to determine the level of knowledge of school teacher about childhood asthma and factors influencing this knowledge.Methods: Four secondary schools (two private and two public) in Ilesa, South West Nigeria were selected by multistage sampling method. All the teachers in these schools were required to fill a self -administered questionnaire incorporating a validated 40-item asthma knowledge questions. Factors associated with the level of knowledge were determined appropriately.Results: A total of 132 teacher (M: F = 1:2) participated in the study with 85 (64.4%) from private school. The mean (SD) age of the teachers was 38.0 (9.1) years and median (IQR) years in teaching service was 7.0 (5.0 to 15.0) years. Majority (56.1%) of the teachers had university education while only 7 (5.3%) had a post graduate degree. The mean (SD) score of the 40 item questions was 21.5 (7.2) and majority (51.5%) had poor asthma knowledge (score < 22). Poorer knowledge was observed in questions related to the nature and management of childhood asthma than triggers and manifestations. No significant correlation was found between knowledge and age, teaching experience and qualifications (p > 0.05). However, teachers with previous training about childhood asthma had relatively good knowledge about the condition. (p <0.05)Conclusion: The level of knowledge about childhood asthma among school teachers in Ilesa is poor particularly as regards to nature and management of the disease. We advocate for training of school teachers about common childhood conditions including asthma to ensure optimal symptoms control in school.Keywords: Childhood asthma, Knowledge, School teachers
Aids-related kaposi’s sarcoma in a four year old child: the challenge of a missed opportunity
Authors: Aiyekomogbon JO , Ifeorah IK
Published: May 2021

Background: AIDSrelated Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) is an AIDS-defining illness and is now increasingly recognized in children infected with HIV. Many of these cases are missed due to low index of suspicion. Vertical transmission of HIV is the commonest route of transmission in children and this is preventable by early maternal antenatal diagnosis, early commencement of HAART by the mother and adoption of the safest possible mode of delivery. The index case did not benefit from these services, making her acquire HIV and then develop AIDS-defining illness (KS) at a tender age of 4 years.Aim and objective: The study is aimed at emphasizing the need for all pregnant women to have antenatal screening as soon as pregnancy is confirmed so as to prevent vertical transmission of HIV to the unborn child. It is also aimed at creating awareness in clinical practice so as to increase index of suspicion among clinicians when evaluating chronically ill children.Case Description: GG was a 4year old girl who presented at 108 Nigerian Air force Hospital, Abuja with non-itchy skin rashes of two weeks duration, generalized body swelling, cough and haematochezia of one week duration, and fever of four days duration. She was a paternal orphan having lost her father a year prior to presentation to Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-related illness. Her mother also tested positive to Human Immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and has been on highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) for a year. Physical examination revealed moderate pallor, bilateral pitting pedal oedema, and matted non-tender peripheral lymphadenopathy. There were papular and nodular skin lesions with a reddish solid lesion on the hard palate. She tested positive to HIV. Abdominal ultrasound scan revealed moderate hepatomegaly with ascites, while chest x-ray showed bilateral interstitial pneumonitis, right hilar lymphadenopathy, right pulmonary nodule and ipsilateral pleural effusion. Excisional biopsy of one of the skin nodules confirmed the diagnosis of Kaposi’s sarcoma. She was commenced on HAART and antibiotics, with a unit of blood transfused. Her condition deteriorated, which necessitated referral to university of Abuja Teaching Hospital where she eventually died after a day of admission.Conclusion: Paediatric AIDSrelated KS is becoming increasingly common in Nigeria and as such, high index of suspicion is required while evaluating pediatric patients. This, coupled with early commencement of HAART is required to avert the pitfalls observed in this case; bearing in mind that childhood AIDSrelated KS is lethal.Keywords: Generalized lymphadenopathy; Kaposi’s sarcoma; Missed opportunity; Paediatric AIDS; Skin rashes
Impact of screen use on nutritional status
Authors: Akintade O.O. , Abdulkadir M.B. , Saka A.O. , Adedoyin O.T.
Published: May 2021

Background: Media use has become increasingly common among  young people, in both developed and developing countries. Screen media are particularly popular as they provide a wide variety of information and entertainment. Excess use of these has been associated with several negative impacts, among which is the potential risk of inducing or promoting overweight and obesity, through various mechanisms including promotion of a sedentary lifestyle.Objectives: To establish a relationship between prolonged and excessive use of media and the body mass index of students in secondary schoolsMethods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out among 630 secondary school students within Ilorin metropolis. Subjects were selected using a multi-staged, stratified sampling technique. Semi-structured questionnaire were used to obtain socio-demographic data and use of media. The weight and height of the subjects were obtained and body mass index was calculated as the ratio of weight to height squared.Results: A total of 630 students participated in the study, 300 (47.6%) were male and 330 (52.4%) were female. Television was the commonest  medium used by 94.9% students, followed by mobile phones (69.2%). Seven point three percent of the students were overweight and 5.2% were obese. Overweight and obese students spent a longer total time on screen media than other s (p=0.002).Conclusion: Media use is common in Nigerian children and there was significant association between prolonged use of screen media and being overweight and obese in the students
Keywords: Media, Screen, Overweight, Students
Childhood tuberculosis: Characteristics and peculiarities
Authors: Mustapha M.G. , Ashir G.M. , Rabasa A.I. , Farouk A.G. , Elechi H.A. , Alhaji M.A.
Published: May 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) is an important infectious disease of public health concern. The effects of TB on children in terms of morbidity and mortality is  more than that of adults. These may not be unconnected with the differences in characteristics and peculiarities of the disease in children. Tuberculosis in children is usually primary, paucibacillary, characterized by difficulties in diagnosis of both drug susceptible and resistant TB associated with poor uptake of preventive therapy for those with latent infection, contacts and people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in most  developing countries.While significant similarities exist between spectrum of TB occurring in adults and children, the characteristics and peculiarities of childhood TB may be unknown to policy makers and some clinicians, hence giving it less focus in control measures. The aim of this review is to highlight some of the characteristics and peculiarities of TB in children using PubMed/PubMed Central (PMC) and MEDLINE databases searched for relevant search strings from December, 2018 to September, 2019. Appropriate hard copies of books and journal articles were also  included. Conclusion: While the management of TB in children is characterized by difficulties due to both peculiarities of children and the disease;  with detailed clinical assessment and examination of necessary specimen in addition to strict adherence to the guidelines of the national TB control  program, more cases of TB in children can be prevented, diagnosed, treated and reported.
Vaccine-related knowledge and utilization of childhood immunization among mothers in urban Lagos
Authors: Omomila J.O. , Ogunyemi A.O. , Kanma-Okafor O.J. , Ogunnowo B.E.
Published: May 2021

Background: Immunization is the single most costeffective preventive health intervention which saves the lives of 2 -3 million children annually. Theunsatisfactory immunization coverage numbers have unsurprisingly resulted in abysmal child mortality figures across the country.  This study aims to assess mother’s knowledge and immunization utilization among underfives in an urban community.
Methods: A descriptive crosssectional study was carried out among 232 mothers of under- five children in an urban community in Lagos State. A multistage sampling technique was used to select the respondents. A semistructured interviewer administered questionnaire was used as the survey tool for data collection and a checklist for sighted immunization cards. The entry and analysis of the data was done using EPI – Info Version 7.2.1.0 software computer program. Chi square was used to test association. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: All respondents were aware of immunization. Just over half (53.9%) of the respondents had good knowledge about immunization. Less than half (42.5%) of the under-five children were fully immunized. The vaccines most missed were oral polio and pentavalent vaccines. There was a statistically significant association between knowledge of mothers and the immunization status of their children (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results indicate that mothers with good knowledge of different aspects of immunization were more likely to have fully vaccinated children. It is recommended that health workers enlighten mothers on the benefit of each vaccine.
Key words: Immunization, Underfive, Utilization, Vaccination, Knowledge
Are mobile phones of health care workers portals of pathogenic organisms causing hospital acquired infections in intensive care units? A mini systematic review
Authors: Mukhtar-Yola M. , Andrew B.
Published: May 2021

Background: Health care workers at the bedside of critically ill babies freely carry their mobile phones in between procedures and handling  patients. Concerns are rising as this may contribute to nosocomial infections with pathogenic bacteria.
Aim: To determine if mobile phones of health care workers in Intensive care units carry potentially pathogenic bacteria leading to hospital acquired infections.
Design: Systematic review.Data sources: Electronic databases (Medline via ovid, CINAHL, Web of science) and hand Searching of references and citations were done to identify studies. Screening and inclusion criteria were used to identify studies with a cross-sectional or cohort design. The search was limited to journal articles published between 2008-2015 and to English language. Quality assessment was done using the National Institute of Health tool for observational studies. Data was extracted on to excel sheets and analysed using SPSS version 22.Results: Six studies with a cohort (1) or cross-sectional design (5) involving 1, 131 health care workers were reviewed. The overall quality of the studies was fair, and a narrative synthesis was done. The colonization rate of the mobile phones ranged between 46.3 % and a 100% with 13-50% carrying potentially pathogenic multidrug resistant microorganisms. Methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus, Vancomycine resistant enterococci, acinobacter and coagulase negative staphylococci were reported across all studies and were recognized as leading causes of morbidity and mortalityin the ICU. Conclusion: Mobile phones Of HCW are portals of potentially pathogenic microorganisms, which could result in morbidity and mortality.Although no causal relationship could be established, strong associations have been reported. Guidelines by hospital infection control committees are needed on restriction, care and routine cleaning of mobile phones as well as further research.
Key words: Health care worker, Intensive care unit, Hospital Acquired Infections, mobile phones
Freedom of Speech on Children’s Right Setting Toward Prevention of Bullying in Early Childhood Education: A Literature Review of Decolonization Approach
Authors: Priyandita Insan Sheny , Mubiar Agustin
Published: May 2021

The discourse on freedom of speech, in particular when expressing an opinion on the provisions of the Rights of the Child, is often ignored by a trend of change in education that is too concentrated on the authoritarian educational process that prioritizes the success of academic learning rather than the socio-emotional success of children. It is important to communicate the experiences and feelings experienced by children, particularly bullying that occurs early in childhood. This research would examine the importance of free expression in children's rights to the prevention of bullying in early childhood through a decolonization approach. This study employed a literature review approach with a transformative paradigm which take a look at critical thoughts about children's rights, particularly freedom of speech that aims at preventing the bullying that occurs in early childhood. This study argued that the process of preventing bullying and even other negative behavior is effective when parents and teacher properly enforce the rights of children, especially freedom of speech. These results further illuminate the complexities faced by teachers in the application of free expression in early childhood education in daily life.
Las Meninas. Una indumentaria familiar
Authors: Bullón José María
Published: May 2021

El presente artículo analiza y reflexiona sobre la indumentaria presente en el cuadro de Velázquez, Las meninas. A partir de él se describe el espacio de representación como un espacio escénico en el que se muestran a los tipos sociales y personajes caracterizados por su forma de indumentaria, así como los roles básicos que seguían dentro de la corte. A partir de ellos el artículo se establecen comparaciones con otras obras, a fin de mostrar el conjunto de indumentaria presente y su importancia en la escala social. Se analiza por orden de importancia social, desde la Infanta Margarita, su séquito acompañante, funcionarios de palacio y bufones, así como la posición del perro y la del propio pintor, para terminar con la relación entre los reyes y el propio artista y la reivindicación de la pintura como Arte Liberal mediante un elemento simbólico en el traje.
Gabriel Fernández de Madrigal: secretario del rey, regidor municipal y patrono de Santa Isabel la Real de Madrid. Nuevos datos en torno al Escaparate de Figuras de cera de la Vida de la Virgen del Museo Nacional de Artes Decorativas.
Authors: Muñoz Martín Roberto
Published: May 2021

A través del testamento de un gentilhombre de la Villa de Madrid, se dan noticia de una serie de legados y obras pías realizadas al convento de Santa Isabel la Real de dicha ciudad, de las que se cree que tan solo una se conserva un mueble expositor con escenas de la vida de la Virgen, hechas en cera y localizado en el Museo Nacional de Artes Decorativas. La descripción de este objeto en el legado testamentario del secretario, así como en documentos del convento, posibilita el conocimiento de esta pieza, atendiendo a su origen cortesano y su destino monacal.
The effect of supervised dynamic exercise program on somatosensory temporal discrimination in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome
Authors: Tuğçe Korucu Zübeyde , Onurlu İlknur , Korucu Alperen , Günendi Zafer
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study aims to investigate the effect of a supervised dynamic exercise program on somatosensory temporal discrimination (STD) which indicates the central sensory processing ability.

Patients and methods: Forty-eight patients (mean age: 43 years; range, 19 to 64 years) with fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) were included in this prospective, randomized study between April 2018 and October 2018. Demographics and clinical measurements were recorded. The STD threshold was measured by a researcher blinded to the treatment groups. After baseline assessments, the patients were randomized into two groups: the supervised exercise group (SEG) and the home exercise group (HEG) as the control group. The SEG performed submaximal aerobic exercise and low-medium resistant isotonic exercises under the supervision of a physiotherapist, 1-h per day, three days in a week for four weeks. The HEG was given a home-based exercise program consisting of low-to-medium resistance isotonic exercises and aerobic exercises 1-h per day, three days in a week for four weeks. After exercise program, clinical assessments and STD threshold measurement were repeated.

Results: Clinical and STD threshold measures improved significantly after four-week exercise program in both groups. The improvements in clinical measures were significantly higher in the SEG. However, there was no difference in the STD threshold improvement between the groups. No correlation was found between the STD threshold measure and clinical features in any patients.

Conclusion: Although a significant improvement was achieved in impaired STD threshold with SEG, it was not found to be superior to the amelioration observed with HEG.
Predictors of renal and patient outcomes in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis: Our single-center, tertiary care experience
Authors: Toraman Aysun , Soysal Gündüz Özgül
Published: May 2021

Objectives: This study aims to assess the different predictors of renal and patient prognosis in anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) patients with and without renal involvement.

Patients and methods: A total of 79 patients (51 males, 28 females; mean age: 57.3±14.2 years; range, 18 to 71 years) with AAV between January 2006 and November 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Demographic and laboratory data including the complement 3 (C3) serum levels and renal biopsy findings were extracted from the electronic and printed medical records of the hospital registry. Survival, renal survival, remission, and relapse outcomes were analyzed.

Results: A total of 35% of the patients with renal involvement progressed to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The dialysis requirement at the time of admission (hazard ratio [HR]: 21.95 [2.93-164.22]; p=0.003), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (HR: 0.97 [0.94-0.99]; p=0.024) and Five-Factor Score (FFS) ≥2 at the time of diagnosis (HR: 3.59 [1.08-11.94]; p=0.037) were the predictors of ESRD. The five-year patient survival rate was 87.1%. The only predictor of mortality was age (HR: 1.07 [1.01-1.14]; p=0.024). The patients with hypocomplementemia (22%) had a lower remission rate (p=0.049), FFS ≥2 at the time of diagnosis (p=0.026), and higher levels of hematuria (p=0.004) and proteinuria (p=0.037). The FFS ≥2 at the time of diagnosis was an independent predictor of relapse (HR: 8.9 [1.02-77.36]; p=0.047).

Conclusion: Our study suggests that the baseline renal function and FFS ≥2 at the time of diagnosis are the major prognostic factors for progression to ESRD in AAV patients. In addition, AAV patients with hypocomplementemia may have a lower remission rate.
Effect of Shatt Al-Arab Salinity on the Groundwater of Al-Fao and Al-Siba in Southern Iraq
Authors: Abdul-Hameed Shahad , Hatem Amal Jabbar
Published: May 2021

This study was conducted to estimate the extent of damage to the population in Basra, southern Iraq, specifically the areas adjacent to the Shatt al-Arab and the Arabian Gulf, which are the Al-Fao district and the Al-Siba region. They are affected by the progression of saline water resulting from the lack of water imports and the Karun River interruption, which led to high concentrations of salts in the Shatt Al-Arabs. Consequently, its effect on lands and all life types in these areas requires correcting a map of the study area to drop the groundwater sites as well as calculate the total dissolved salts, electrical conductivity and pH. This study concluded that the groundwater contains very high percentages of total dissolved solids (2880–10415 mg/l) and electrical conductivity (4450–14190 µs/cm). As it has very high salinity, so it is not suitable for drinking, irrigation, or industry. The values of the pH values (7.1-7.5) indicate that it is a light alkaline.
Evaluation of Petrophysical Properties Using Well Logs of Yamama Formation in Abu Amood Oil Field, Southern Iraq
Authors: Al-Baldawi Buraq Adnan
Published: May 2021

The petrophysical analysis is very important to understand the factors controlling the reservoir quality and production wells. In the current study, the petrophysical evaluation was accomplished to hydrocarbon assessment based on well log data of four wells of Early Cretaceous carbonate reservoir Yamama Formation in Abu-Amood oil field in the southern part of Iraq. The available well logs such as sonic, density, neutron, gamma ray, SP, and resistivity logs for wells AAm-1, AAm-2, AAm-3, and AAm-5 were used to delineate the reservoir characteristics of the Yamama Formation. Lithologic and mineralogic studies were performed using porosity logs combination cross plots such as density vs. neutron cross plot and M-N mineralogy plot. These cross plots show that the Yamama Formation consists mainly of limestone and the essential mineral components are dominantly calcite with small amounts of dolomite. The petrophysical characteristics such as porosity, water and hydrocarbon saturation and bulk water volume were determined and interpreted using Techlog software to carried out and building the full computer processed interpretation for reservoir properties. Based on the petrophysical properties of studied wells, the Yamama Formation is divided into six units; (YB-1, YB-2, YB-3, YC-1, YC-2 and YC-3) separated by dense non porous units (Barrier beds). The units (YB-1, YB-2, YC-2 and YC-3) represent the most important reservoir units and oil-bearing zones because these reservoir units are characterized by good petrophysical properties due to high porosity and low to moderate water saturation. The other units are not reservoirs and not oil-bearing units due to low porosity and high-water saturation.
The Ideal of Western Democracy and Law State as a Conceptual Basis for the Formation of National Political Interests
Authors: Chmorgun O.
Published: May 2021

The proposition that modern western democracy is a point of intersection of modern political, economic and national interests is substantiated. In particular in the process of becoming a capitalistsociety, the political interests of the “middle class”, which are realized primarily through collegial legislative bodies in opposition to the institutions of feudal absolutism and despotism, wereinextricably linked with economic interests – mass interest in the creation of ground foundations of free competition, as shown in the article, formed the political interests of the general population andbecame a necessary prerequisite for the emergence of Western political democracy that arose as a result of great European and American bourgeois social revolutions. At the same time it is shown that the antimonarchical system of separation of powers based on the mechanism of “checks and balances”, the introduction of the principle of equality before the lawcontribute to the realization of the ideal of the state “night watchman” and, thus, activate the process of becoming national markets; it was thanks to these political institutions and the emergence of civilsociety that guaranteed the assertion of inalienable rights and freedoms and the filling of political interests with democratic content as one of the most important components of a modern law state thatthe advanced capitalist countries pushed. That is why the famous “Declaration of the Rights of Freedom of Man and Citizen”, which refers to the powerful motives of activity in the political realm ofcitizens of the law state proclaims that the “source of sovereign power is the nation”. It is also proved that the extremely negative impact on the democratization of the Ukrainian statehood and the development of a market economy, which made possible the Russian aggression against Ukraine, makes the current dismantling by the leading EU and US countries a model of a social state and a “mixed economy”, which has consequently become the next financial world crisis. In turn, the steady increase in global instability and the presence of a powerful comprador fifth column in Ukraine, require the formation of political institutions and mechanisms in our country that ensure maximum consideration and realization of political interests of nationally conscious citizens through an effective model of presidentialism, which all these years is only being imitated in our country. In the light of the world experience, a number of systemic characteristics of such a form of political government and a consistent democratic social order have been analyzed.
Central Asia in Modern System of International Security
Authors: Demenko O.
Published: May 2021

The article explores the specificities in formation and implementation of security policy in the area of Central Asia. It analyzes basic global, regional and internal problems, which are considered to bethe main threat to regional stability. The article also formulates the grounds for the objection that current system of international security in the area is distinguished by complicated and multi – levelnature. It is formed through the activity of numerous international organizations, such as UN, OSCE, SCO, CSTO, EEU, NATO. Security situation in Central Asia is significantly influenced by RussianFederation, People’s Republic of China and the USA, the relations between which have recently become strained. The author develops the argumentation that security situation in Central Asiaremains complicated and unforeseen. The knot of global, regional and internal problems is overlapped strongly in the area and those problems have become the potential threat to regional stability.
Electrophoresis SDS-PAGE and Tricine-SDS-PAGE to differentiate black and yellow soybean: a molecular approach
Authors: STEPHAN M.P. , FELBERG I. , CARRÃO-PANIZZI M.C.
Published: May 2021

Soybean is well recognized for having several bioactive compounds. Black soybeans have been used in Eastern countries as a healthy food and as an medicinal alternative. The identification of natural substances, such as peptides, present in black and yellow soybeans is necessary.  An evaluation of the contribution of these molecules to positive effects to human health molecular studies should be done. The search for molecular aspects that may explain this difference between black soybean and yellow soybean is extremely important.  In order to have a peptide-protein extract with semi-purified aspects for further molecular characterization, soybeans grains were grounded in a home-use coffee grinder and fat was removed by using acetone. The protein extracts obtained were characterized by two eletrophorectic techniques (SDS-PAGE and Tricine-SDS-PAGE).  Polyacrylamide gels with clear and well-defined polypeptide chains showed that both black and yellow soybean genotypes presented the peptide 5 kDa, while, the 4 kDa peptide was only found in black soybeans. This study, on molecular bases, showed that this method to obtain peptide-protein extracts was effective, to separate peptides in that region and could contribute to choose black or yellow soybean genotypes for clinical trials in evaluation of different health effects.
Hipertensión arterial un factor de riesgo para enfermedad cardiovascular en caficultores de una población rural del departamento de caldas.
Authors: Gutiérrez- Pérez Ruth B. , Corredor Carlos , L.Tovar-Aguirre Olga
Published: May 2021

Objetivo: Determinar los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en caficultores de una población rural del Departamento de Caldas. Materiales y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal en la zona oriente del departamento de Caldas, participaron 1486 caficultores a los cuáles se les determinó: Índice de masa corporal (IMC), Diámetro de la cintura, Presión Arterial, Colesterol total y Colesterol HDL directo. Los resultados se analizaron con el paquete estadístico SPSSv18. Hallazgos: Se encontró que el principal  factor de riesgo modificable fue la Hipertensión Arterial (HTA) Conclusiones: Las cifras de presión arterial se incrementaron de manera directamente proporcional a la edad coincidiendo con  lo reportado por la literatura; llama la atención que el 63,7% no desarrollo  HTA, lo que podría considerarse protección cardiovascular aún en las últimas décadas de vida, quizás debido a  algún cambio epigenético protector en esta zona o una relación saludable derivada de la actividad laboral.
Computer vision and file transfer protocol to identify and transmit evolutionary curves of PM10
Authors: Bernal-Benítez Viviana , Gómez-Malagón Juan , Pardo-Beainy Camilo
Published: May 2021

The following article presents the techniques developed for the treatment of images obtained from the modeling process with AERMOD of data on the immission concentration of PM10 particulate matter. This data conditioning was carried out in order to generate, through the analysis of dispersion images, isolines that identify and quantify the areas of the Sogamoso Valley where PM10 concentrations occur from emissions from the limestone firing process in Nobsa, Boyacá. It is a first approach to the prediction of the dispersion phenomenon and the spatio-temporal determination of the influence that this immission has on the air quality conditions of a region.
Recent Context or Recent Conflicts: Bangladesh vs Myanmar Concerning the Matter Related to the Territorial Jurisdiction in the Sea Opened the Door of Sea Foods Production and Mining of Minerals, Gas and Oil
Authors:   Voltex Battery Manufacturing Company Limited, Motijheel C/A, Dhaka, Bangladesh, B. Ahsan Shafora
Published: May 2021

Territorial land and waters in sea is very important for a nation which increase the production of sea foods as fish & sea weeds, mining of mineral & important elements and gas & oil. This territorial water harvours valuable rear minerals reserve, at least 100 trillion cubic feet gas for nearly 100 years & good quantity of oil reserve, and different types of nutritionally rich fishes & sea weeds more than 500 species. Nation should take care about the proper management and justified attributes with honest step for its border territory with other country. Bangladesh Govt. took a brilliant efforts for its own real territorial sea waters with Myanmar through a case with the United Nations (UN) convention to the International Tribunal for the Law Of the Sea in an international court (ITLOS) in Hamburg, Germany against Myanmar on December 14, 2009. The case was trialed for more than two years through many arguments and debts between the learned lawyers of both the countries. Finally Bangladesh won the case on March 14, 2012. It helped the nation for its sea fish and sea weeds production and catch. It was a great success and win for the present Govt. and the Excellency Honorable Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina as well as the people of Bangladesh.
Advertising Pragmatics of Contemporary Media for Polylingualism and Polyculturalism
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, 15, Heroyiv Oborony St., Kyiv 03041, Ukraine, Chaika Oksana
Published: May 2021

The article considers advertising pragmatics of contemporary media for polylingualism and polyculturalism as the urgent need for advertising information about different types of goods has become a prerequisite for the development and dissemination of a hybrid type of text – advertising text, announcement of things or services. The research aims at the functional specifics of advertising texts in polycultural and polylingual contexts, among which is a variety of publications and outdoor advertising. To achieve the objective, it is important to consider the goals (set tasks) associated with the research questions. They are: (i) to outline the presentation patterns of trademarks and define the essence of the advertising text in the poly-lingual context, (ii) to determine the pragmatic direction of advertising texts of modern media, accounting for the discursive-functional aspects, (iii) to trace manifestation of multiculturalism and/or polyculturalism and polylingualism of the advertising text as a non-standard type of text. It is stated advertising slogan is a communicative message that has a pragmatic instruction to convey true information about the subject of advertising to the largest number of people in order to encourage them to take action - to use and purchase the advertised product. The slogan is focused primarily on achieving the maximum pragmatic effect: to present the brand, distribute the advertised products, actually sell the product, and even forcibly impose it on a potential consumer. It is found the following aspects are clearly combined, which logically represent the advertising text as a non-standard object of linguistic description in the polylingual cultures: 1) polylingual components:introduction into the advertising message of linguistic facts by different types of fonts, a combination of natural and unnatural semiotic systems (signs, drawings, symbols), introduction to the text of visuals; 2) multicultural and/or polycultural components.
Governance, Financial Development and Economic Growth in the WAEMU area: Evidence from panel ARDL analysis
Authors: Hervé DRAMA Bedi Guy
Published: May 2021

The objective of this work is to estimate the long-term effects of governance quality on financial development and the real sector growth in WAEMU zone covering the period of 1996 to 2018. To this end, we utilize the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) method to estimate a nonlinear panel through the ADRL model proposed by Pesaran et al., (1999) and Pesaran and Smith, (1995). The results show that the quality of certain governance factors determines the financial system and its capacity to accelerate growth in long run. The study demonstrates that the marginal effect of financial development on growth is about 0.69 point for a given threshold of governance quality. This outcome means that financial development affects positively growth and the governance level sustains that positive effect despite the poor quality of governance comprises between -1 and 1. Therefore, an improvement of governance quality will provide a favourable environment for financial development and consequently for economic growth. The study finally calls policy maker to more strengthen democracy and rule of law, this could offer more guarantees to banks for granting long-term credits.

JEL classification numbers: C23, E44, G21.
Keywords: Growth, Financial development, PMG, MG, WAEMU.
Hak Pakai Atas Tanah Hak Milik dan Penyelesaian Sengketa
Authors: Sappe Suryani , Latturete Adonia Ivone , Uktolseja Novyta
Published: May 2021

The process of the occurrence of use rights over land is based on statutory regulations and government regulations to prevent misuse of the administration process. However, in this era of increasingly modern life, there are many disputes relating to control and use of land for public, individual and private interests. The right to use is not at all a new land rights institution, but it is less well known than the ownership rights, land use rights, or building use rights, for that it requires a correct understanding of the right to use in order to use it responsibly. The purpose of this paper is to study and analyze the arrangements for use rights over land with ownership rights and to study and analyze the process of settling usufructuary disputes over land with ownership rights. The method used in this research is the normative juridical method using the statute approach and the conceptual approach, and the case approach is then studied and used as material for descriptive analysis in order to obtain answers to the problems that occur. The results of the research show that the regulation of use rights over land with ownership rights is very important because, when the right to use stands, buildings or objects become assets of the recipient of the right to use. So when the right of use expires or is canceled it will have a legal effect on the objects on it, thus it is hoped that there must be regulations governing objects or buildings that are included in the relinquishment of use rights even though there is an agreement made by the parties.
PENERAPAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE INTEGRATED READING AND COMPOSITION (CIRC) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DALAM MENEMUKAN KALIMAT UTAMA PADA SISWA KELAS IV SDN 22 MATARAM TAHUN PELAJARAN 2020/2021
Authors: Jayadi Usman
Published: May 2021

Rendahnya kemampuan siswa dalam memahami isi wacana berimplikasi pada rendahnya hasil belajar siswa dalam menemukan kalimat utama. Begitu juga halnya dengan kenyataan yang terjadi pada siswa kelas IV SDN 22 Mataram tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara dan observasi terhadap guru dan siswa kelas IV SDN 22 Mataram tahun ajaran 2020/2021, diperoleh data hasil belajar siswa pada subpokok bahasan ”menemukan kalimat utama dalam paragraf” yaitu 37,84%  atau 14 siswa yang mencapai KKM, sedangkan 23 siswa belum mencapai KKM dan dinyatakan tidak tuntas. Selama observasi ditemukan fakta bahwa kurangnya keterampilan guru dalam menggunakan metode  pembelajaran yang dapat menarik minat siswa menyebabkan kurangnya motivasi, konsentrasi dan interaksi siswa dalam belajar, sehingga hasil belajar yang diperoleh kurang memuaskan. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut, salah satu pemecahan masalah yang ditawarkan penulis untuk diteliti adalah penerapan metode pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) pada kelas IV SDN 22 Mataram tahun ajaran 2020/2021. Adapun masalah yang ingin dikaji penulis dalam penelitian ini adalah bagaimanakah peningkatan aktivitas siswa melalui penerapan metode pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) serta bagaimanakah peningkatan hasil belajar dalam menemukan kalimat utama melalui penerapan metode pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) pada siswa kelas IV SDN 22 Mataram tahun ajaran 2020/2021? Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian tindakan kelas (Action Research).Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode observasi, tes dan dokumentasi. Sementara itu metode yang digunakan untuk mengolah data aktivitas guru dan siswa serta hasil belajar siswa adalah menggunakan metode pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkkan adanya peningkatan aktivitas siswa dalam pembelajaran melalui penerapan metode pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) yaitu pada siklus I diperoleh kriteria aktivitas siswa “cukup aktif” kemudian meningkat pada siklus II menjadi “sangat aktif”. Sementara itu dari segi hasil belajar siswa juga menunjukkan peningkatan pada setiap siklus, pada siklus I hanya 52,77% siswa yang mencapai KKM kemudian meningkat pada siklus II menjadi 91,89% siswa yang mencapai KKM yang ditetapkan sekolah. Sehingga dapat ditelaah bahwa terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 39,12%, ini menandakan bahwa penggunaaan metode pembelajaran Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) berhasil meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa dalam menemukan kalimat utama pada siswa kelas IV SDN 22 Mataram tahun ajaran 2020/2021.
To the issue of the solid mineral center allocation
Authors: ALEKSEEV YAROSLAV , ZASKIND EVSEI , KONKINA OLGA
Published: May 2021

Methodological approaches of the solid mineral center allocation in Russia are presented. The basic principles and criteria on the basis of which the allocation of the mineral center in the Far Eastern Federal District was carried out are described. A detailed description of its components (industrial and raw materials hub, deposits, perspective area) is given on the example of the Kamchatka mineral center
Major activities and provisional results of gold deposit forecasting in the eastern (Russian) part of Fennoscandian shield
Authors: BEZRUKOV VLADIMIR
Published: May 2021

The paper discusses the main gold metallogeny features within foreign Precambrian shields (excluding sedimentary-metamorphogene deposits of Au-rich conglomerates and magmatogene Au-rich Cu-Ni and PGE deposits) and regional features of the eastern Fennoscandian shield. Data on geological setting of Finnish gold deposits are summarized and analyzed. The paper briefly reviews gold prospecting knowledge within Karelian-Kola region and work results. The author compiled a digital model of gold-specific forecast-metallogenic map for the eastern Fennoscandian shield; based on this model, further prioritized exploration activities in Karelian-Kola region are proposed, potential for discovering medium-sized and major deposits of various formational and geological/economic types is forecasted.
Role of geochemical barriers in forming sulfide ores in various geological environments
Authors: GABLINA IRINA
Published: May 2021

Based on long-term studies of cupriferous sandstone and shale deposits, as well as deepsea sulfide ores, various types of geochemical barriers where sulfides form are shown. Cupriferous sandstones and shales form as metals precipitate from redbed reservoir waters on H2S geochemical barrier. Syngenetic and epigenetic barrier types are identified. Oceanic sulfide ores from the Central Atlantic region were studied; as a result, a new hydrothermal-metasomatic sediment-hosted mineralization type was found, along with previously known sulfide ore types (massive ores on the seafloor and stockwork ores in substrate rocks). Geochemical seafloor sulfide formation environments and those in biogenic carbonate bottom sediments are examined.