bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment of hepatitis C virus infection with direct‐acting antiviral drugs is safe and effective in patients with hemoglobinopathies
Authors: Origa Raffaella , Ponti Maria Laura , Filosa Aldo , Galeota Lanza Alfonso , Piga Antonio , Saracco Giorgio Maria , Pinto Valeria , Picciotto Antonino , Rigano Paolo , Madonia Salvatore , Rosso Rosamaria , D'Ascola Domenico , Cappellini Maria Domenica , D'Ambrosio Roberta , Tartaglione Immacolata , De Franceschi Lucia , Gianesin Barbara , Di Marco Vito , Forni Gian Luca ,   Italy for THAlassemia and hepatitis C Advance ‐ Società Italiana Talassemie ed Emoglobinopatie (ITHACA‐SITE)
Published: September 2017

Progression of liver fibrosis in patients with hemoglobinopathies is strongly related to the severity of iron overload and the presence of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Effective iron chelation therapy and HCV infection eradication may prevent liver complications. The European Association for the Study of the Liver guidelines recommend interferon‐free regimens for the treatment of HCV infection in patients with hemoglobinopathies. However, data regarding the use of direct‐acting antiviral drugs (DAAs) in this patient population are few. This observational study evaluated the safety and efficacy of therapy with DAAs in an Italian cohort of patients with hemoglobinopathies, chronic HCV infection and advanced liver fibrosis. Between March 2015 and December 2016, 139 patients received DAAs and completed 12 weeks of follow up after the end of treatment for the evaluation of sustained virological response (12SVR). The 12SVR (93.5%) was comparable with that typically observed in cirrhotic patients without hemoglobinopathies. Three patients died during the period of observation of causes unrelated to DAAs. One patient did not achieve a virological response and five (3.6%) relapsed during 12 weeks of follow‐up after the end of therapy. In addition, patients showed significant reductions in serum ferritin at 12 weeks to levels similar to those observed in a control group of 39 patients with thalassemia major without HCV infection, who adhered to chelation therapy and had no overt iron overload. In conclusion, the use of DAAs appears to be safe and effective in patients with hemoglobinopathies and advanced liver disease due to HCV.
Alkinylierung von C(O)‐H‐Bindungen durch Photoredox‐vermittelten Wasserstoffatomtransfer
Authors: Mukherjee Satobhisha , Garza‐Sanchez R. Aleyda , Tlahuext‐Aca Adrian , Glorius Frank
Published: September 2017

Die Entwicklung neuer Wasserstoffatomtransfer(HAT)‐Strategien im Kontext der Photoredoxkatalyse stellt eine hochattraktive Möglichkeit zur gezielten Aktivierung einer C‐H‐Bindung eines Substrats mit anschließender selektiver Funktionalisierung dar. Wir beschreiben hier das erste Photoredox‐vermittelte Wasserstoffatomtransfer‐Protokoll zur hoch regio‐ und chemoselektiven Synthese von Inonen, Inamiden und Inestern, erreicht durch direkte Funktionalisierung von C
(O)‐H‐Bindungen. Die weitreichenden Anwendungsmöglichkeiten dieser Methode wurden im Rahmen der selektiven Funktionalisierung von C(O)‐H‐Bindungen in hochkomplexen Molekülgerüsten verdeutlicht.
High Thermoelectric Performance of New Rhombohedral Phase of GeSe stabilized through Alloying with AgSbSe2
Authors: Huang Zhiwei , Miller Samuel A. , Ge Binghui , Yan Mingtao , Anand Shashwat , Wu Tianmin , Nan Pengfei , Zhu Yuanhu , Zhuang Wei , Snyder G. Jeffrey , Jiang Peng , Bao Xinhe
Published: September 2017

GeSe is a IV–VI semiconductor, like the excellent thermoelectric materials PbTe and SnSe. Orthorhombic GeSe has been predicted theoretically to have good thermoelectric performance but is difficult to dope experimentally. Like PbTe, rhombohedral GeTe has a multivalley band structure, which is ideal for thermoelectrics and also promotes the formation of Ge vacancies to provide enough carriers for electrical transport. Herein, we investigate the thermoelectric properties of GeSe alloyed with AgSbSe2, which stabilizes a new rhombohedral structure with higher symmetry that leads to a multivalley Fermi surface and a dramatic increase in carrier concentration. The zT of GeAg0.2Sb0.2Se1.4 reaches 0.86 at 710 K, which is 18 times higher than that of pristine GeSe and over four times higher than doped orthorhombic GeSe. Our results open a new avenue towards developing novel thermoelectric materials through crystal phase engineering using a strategy of entropy stabilization of high‐symmetry alloys.
Morphology‐Dependent Cell Imaging by Using a Self‐Assembled Diacetylene Peptide Amphiphile
Authors: Jiang Hao , Hu Xiao‐Yu , Schlesiger Stefanie , Li Mao , Zellermann Eilo , Knauer Shirley K. , Schmuck Carsten
Published: September 2017

Herein, a novel cationic peptide gemini amphiphile containing diacetylene motifs (DA2P) is presented, which self‐assembles into novel tadpole‐ and bola‐shaped nanostructures at low concentrations and nanofibers at higher concentrations. Interestingly, the DA2P assemblies can be polymerized into a fluorescent red phase but only during incubation with HeLa cells, most likely owing to the reorganization of the diacetylene chains of DA2P upon interaction with the cell membrane. The red‐fluorescent polymerized DA2P assemblies can serve as a novel cell imaging probe. However, only vesicles, tadpole‐ and bola‐shaped DA2P assemblies can be translocated into HeLa cells, whereas the nanofiber‐like DA2P assemblies are trapped by the cell membranes and do not enter the cells. Hence, morphology‐dependent cell imaging is observed.
Rapid Assembly of Diversely Functionalized Spiroindenes by a Three‐Component Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Amination/Phenol Dearomatization Domino Reaction
Authors: Fan Liangxin , Liu Jingjing , Bai Lu , Wang Yaoyu , Luan Xinjun
Published: September 2017

A novel palladium‐catalyzed three‐component reaction of phenol‐derived biaryls with N‐benzoyloxyamines and norbornadiene (NBD) has been developed for the assembly of highly functionalized spiroindenes. This domino process was realized through NBD‐assisted C−H amination and phenol dearomatization by forming one C−N bond and two C−C bonds in a single step. Preliminary studies indicated that asymmetric control of this transformation was feasible with chiral ligands. Moreover, the potential synthetic utility of this methodology was highlighted by a series of further transformations.
One‐Pot, Three‐Component Sulfonimidamide Synthesis Exploiting the Sulfinylamine Reagent N‐Sulfinyltritylamine, TrNSO
Authors: Davies Thomas Q. , Hall Adrian , Willis Michael C.
Published: September 2017

Sulfonimidamides are increasingly important molecules in medicinal chemistry and agrochemistry, but their preparation requires lengthy synthetic sequences, which has likely limited their use. We describe a one‐pot de novo synthesis of sulfonimidamides from widely available organometallic reagents and amines. This convenient and efficient process uses a stable sulfinylamine reagent, N‐sulfinyltritylamine (TrNSO), available in one step on 10 gram scale, as a linchpin. In contrast to classical approaches starting from thiols or their derivatives, our TrNSO‐based approach facilitates the rapid assembly of the three reaction components into a variety of differentially substituted sulfonimidamides containing medicinally relevant moieties, including pyridines and indoles. Analogues of the sulfonamide‐containing COX‐2 inhibitor Celecoxib were prepared and evaluated.
Time‐Resolved In Situ MAS NMR Monitoring of the Nucleation and Growth of Zeolite BEA Catalysts under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Ivanova Irina I. , Kolyagin Yury G. , Kasyanov Ivan A. , Yakimov Alexander V. , Bok Tatiana O. , Zarubin Dmitry N.
Published: September 2017

Time‐resolved 13C, 23Na, 27Al, and 29Si MAS NMR has been applied in situ for monitoring the hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite BEA. Isotopic labelling with 29Si and 13C isotopes has been used to follow the fate of siliceous species and structure directing agent ((13CH3−CH2)4NOH). Two mechanistic pathways, namely solution‐mediated and solid–solid hydrogel rearrangement have been distinguished for two synthesis procedures studied. The mechanisms of structure‐directing behavior of TEA+ cations in two reaction pathways have been elucidated. The results show that multinuclear MAS NMR can serve as a superior tool for monitoring hydrothermal synthesis of various solids including zeolites, zeotypes, mesoporous materials, metal–organic frameworks and so on and for the design of novel outstanding materials for different applications.
(4+3) Cycloaddition Reactions of N‐Alkyl Oxidopyridinium Ions
Authors: Fu Chencheng , Lora Nestor , Kirchhoefer Patrick L. , Lee Dong Reyoul , Altenhofer Erich , Barnes Charles L. , Hungerford Natasha L. , Krenske Elizabeth H. , Harmata Michael
Published: September 2017

N‐Methylation of methyl 5‐hydroxynicotinate followed by reaction with a diene in the presence of triethylamine afforded (4+3) cycloadducts in good to excellent yields. High regioselectivity was observed with 1‐substituted and 1,2‐disubstituted butadienes. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the cycloaddition involves concerted addition of the diene onto the oxidopyridinium ion. The process provides rapid access to bicyclic nitrogenous structures resembling natural alkaloids.
Radical Heterocyclization and Heterocyclization Cascades Triggered by Electron Transfer to Amide‐Type Carbonyl Compounds
Authors: Huang Huan‐Ming , Procter David J.
Published: September 2017

Radical heterocyclizations triggered by electron transfer to amide‐type carbonyls, using SmI2‐H2O, provide straightforward access to bicyclic heterocyclic scaffolds containing bridgehead nitrogen centers. Furthermore, the first radical heterocyclization cascade triggered by reduction of amide‐type carbonyls delivers novel, complex tetracyclic architectures containing five contiguous stereocenters with excellent diastereocontrol.
Synthesis and characterization of antibacterial chromium iron oxide nanoparticle‐loaded activated carbon for ultrasound‐assisted wastewater treatment
Authors: Bazrafshan Ali Akbar , Hajati Shaaker , Ghaedi Mehrorang , Asfaram Arash
Published: September 2017

The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface adsorption capacity of CrFeO3 nanoparticle‐loaded activated carbon (CrFeO3‐NPs–AC) for the removal of a cationic dye (methyl violet, MV). CrFeO3‐NPs were hydrothermally synthesized and loaded on AC followed by characterization using X‐ray diffraction, field‐emission scanning electron microscopy and energy‐dispersive and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopies. The CrFeO3‐NPs were tested for in vitro antibacterial activities against Gram‐positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram‐negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. Minimum inhibitory and minimum bactericidal concentrations of CrFeO3‐NPs–AC were obtained to be 50 and 100 μg ml−1, respectively, against S. aureus and 25 and 50 μg ml−1 against P. aeruginosa. These results indicated the antibacterial properties of CrFeO3‐NPs–AC. To investigate the adsorption process, several systematic experiments were designed by varying parameters such as adsorbent mass, pH, initial MV concentration and sonication time. The adsorption process was modelled and the optimal conditions were determined to be 0.013 g, 7.4, 15 mg l−1 and 8 min for adsorbent mass, pH, MV concentration and sonication time, respectively. The real experimental data were found to be efficiently explained by response surface methodology and genetic algorithm model. Kinetic studies for MV adsorption showed rapid sorption dynamics described by a second‐order kinetic model, suggesting a chemisorption mechanism. Then, the experimental equilibrium data obtained at various concentrations of MV and adsorbent masses were fitted to conventional Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin–Radushkevich isotherm models. Dye adsorption equilibrium data were fitted well to the Langmuir isotherm. From the Langmuir model, the maximum monolayer capacity was calculated to be 65.67 mg g−1 at optimum adsorbent mass.
Preparation, spectroscopic, thermal and powder X‐ray diffraction characterization, and antimicrobial activities of mixed bis(O,O′‐diisopropyldithiophosphato‐S,S′)antimony(III) derivatives with some oxygen and sulfur donor ligands
Authors: Bhatiya Sumit , Chauhan H.P.S. , Carpenter Nitin
Published: September 2017

Newly synthesized mixed bis(O,O′‐diisopropyldithiophosphato‐S,S′)antimony(III) derivatives have been characterized using physicochemical, spectral, thermal and powder X‐ray diffraction studies, and their antimicrobial activities were investigated. These derivatives have nanometric crystallite size (11.39–14.67 nm) with unit cell volume (4968.47 and 5079.79 Å3) and lower symmetry (monoclinic) crystal system. After thermal decomposition in inert atmosphere, these derivatives give antimony sulfide as a final decomposition product which has many potential applications, and they exhibit enhanced antimicrobial activities (greater zone of inhibition) as compared to the free ligands and standard drugs (chloroamphenicol and terbinafine were used as standard antibacterial and antifungal drugs, respectively) due to the nanometric size of the complexes.
A new procedure for determination of nickel in some fake jewelry and cosmetics samples after dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction by FAAS
Authors: Saçmacı Şerife , Saçmacı Mustafa
Published: September 2017

A new, simple and cheap dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) procedure was optimized for the preconcentration of trace amounts of Ni(II) as a prior step to its determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). It is based on the microextraction of nickel, where appropriate amounts of the extraction solvent (CHCl3), disperser solvent (ethanol) and chelating agent, name 5‐[(Z)‐isoxazol‐3‐yl‐diazenyl]‐2‐methyl‐quinolin‐8‐ol (MMD), were firstly synthesized/characterized and used. Various parameters that affect the extraction procedure such as pH, centrifugation rate and time, the chelating agent (MMD) concentration and sampling volume on the recovery of Ni(II) were investigated. The preconcentration of a 20 ml sample solution was thus enhanced by a factor of 80. The resulting calibration graph was linear in the range of 0.24–10 mg L−1 with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The limit of detection (3 s/b) obtained under optimal conditions was 1.00 μg L−1. The relative standard deviation for certified reference material determinations was 1.2%. The accuracy of the method was verified by the determination of Ni(II) in the certified reference material of wastewater (Waste water CWW TMD). The proposed procedure was successfully applied to the determination of Ni(II) in some fake jewelry and cosmetics samples.
Sustainable rubbers and rubber additives
Authors: Sarkar Preetom , Bhowmick Anil K.
Published: September 2017

Rubber is one of the most versatile materials having myriad of applications—from niche rubber band and eraser to highly engineered spacecraft seal. Of late, the glittering concept of “sustainability” has been able to infiltrate within the domain of elastomer science and technology to a significant extent ‐ in both academia and industry. This fervent context thus necessitates a systematic documentation of brief history, present research scenario and future perspective of sustainable developments in this field. The present review aims to portray a panoramic sketch of various sustainable rubbers and functional rubber additives in this field and intends to provide a direction to their plausible future developments. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2018,135, 45701.
Phase transition identification of cellulose nanocrystal suspensions derived from various raw materials
Authors: Zhang Yuanyuan , Cheng Qiaoyun , Chang Chunyu , Zhang Lina
Published: September 2017

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as attractive nanomaterials are widely distributed in higher plants, algae, and marine animals. Herein, three kinds of CNCs were isolated by sulfuric acid hydrolysis from cotton pulp, algae, and tunicate cotton, respectively. Their morphologies and size were characterized by scanning electron microscope and atomic force microscope. The results showed that the aspect ratio of CNCs was in the order of CNCs from cotton pulp (CCNCs) (15 ± 10) < CNCs (ACNCs) from algae (ACNCs) (18 ± 12) < CNCs from tunicate (TCNCs) (75 ± 60). The phase transitions of CNC suspensions were also determined by phase diagram and rheological experiments. Two critical concentrations from isotropic to biphasic phase (Ci) and from biphasic to anisotropic phase (Ca) were measured and calculated, indicating that CNCs with higher aspect ratio reached Ci and Ca at lower concentration. Furthermore, the critical concentrations were also checked by polarized optical microscopy measurement. This work provided important information for construction of CNCs reinforced nanocomposites and investigation of CNCs chiral nematic liquid crystals. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45702.
Cure characteristics, mechanical, thermal, and coloring properties of natural rubber/dye‐loaded shell powder composites
Authors: Zhou Youzhou , Ge Liuqin , Fan Neng , Dai Lingqing , Xia Meisheng
Published: September 2017

To explore the application of shell powder (SP) in rubber, a dye‐loaded SP (DSP) bio‐filler based on SP and Congo red was incorporated into natural rubber (NR). The adsorption experiments demonstrated that the maximum monolayer adsorption capacity of Congo red onto SP was 69.3 mg/g. The effect of aluminate coupling agent and DSP was investigated by evaluating the cure characteristics, mechanical, thermal, and coloring properties of NR/DSP composites. It was suggested that the optimum amount of aluminate coupling agent was 2 wt %, and the best tensile strength (24.80 MPa) of vulcanizates was achieved at the DSP content of 20 phr, while other mechanical properties such as tear strength kept increasing with the addition of DSP. Furthermore, the improved thermal stability and uniform color distribution of the NR composites was obtained. The results indicate that DSP is promising to become a low‐cost filler and pigment for rubber materials. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45750.
Effect of annealing‐induced interfacial demixing on crystallization of PEO confined in coaxial electrospun nanofibers
Authors: Zou Shu‐Fen , Guo Xiao‐Shuai , Wang Rui‐Yang , Fan Bin , Xu Jun‐Ting , Fan Zhi‐Qiang
Published: September 2017

Glassy polymer nanofibers with spatially confined poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) were fabricated by coaxial electrospinning of PEO with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) or polystyrene. The effect of melt‐annealing on the crystallization behavior of the confined PEOs was studied using differential scanning calorimetry. It is found that the crystallization behavior of the confined PEOs varies with annealing temperature (Ta), annealing time (ta), and molecular weight of PEO. Notably, it is observed that the crystallization temperature (Tc) and melting temperature (Tm) of PEO increase with prolongation of ta, for PEO600K/PAN and PEO2K/PAN coaxial electrospun fibers. This phenomenon can be interpreted by the annealing‐induced demixing at the core‐sheath interface. After the coaxial electrospinning, the core and sheath of the PEO/PAN coaxial fibers are partially compatible due to the miscible solvents used for the core and sheath polymers. Upon annealing, demixing occurs at the core‐sheath interface, leading to improved crystallizability of PEO. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2018, 135, 45760.
Association of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Longitudinal Cohort of Women
Authors: Roberts Andrea L. , Malspeis Susan , Kubzansky Laura D. , Feldman Candace H. , Chang Shun‐Chiao , Koenen Karestan C. , Costenbader Karen H.
Published: September 2017

Objective

To conduct the first longitudinal study examining whether trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with increased risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a civilian cohort.

Methods

We examined the association of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms with SLE incidence over 24 years of follow‐up in a US longitudinal cohort of women (n = 54,763). Incident SLE in women meeting ≥4 American College of Rheumatology criteria was ascertained by self‐report and confirmed by medical record review. PTSD and trauma exposure were assessed with the Short Screening Scale for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition PTSD and the Brief Trauma Questionnaire, respectively. Women were categorized as having no trauma, trauma and no PTSD symptoms, subclinical PTSD (1–3 symptoms), or probable PTSD (4–7 symptoms). We examined whether longitudinally assessed health risk factors (e.g., smoking, body mass index [BMI], oral contraceptive use) accounted for increased SLE risk among women with trauma exposure and PTSD versus those without.

Results

During follow‐up, 73 cases of SLE occurred. Compared to women with no trauma, probable PTSD was associated with increased SLE risk (for 4–7 symptoms, hazard ratio [HR] 2.94 [95% confidence interval {95% CI} 1.19–7.26], P < 0.05). Subclinical PTSD was associated with increased SLE risk, although this did not reach statistical significance (for 1–3 symptoms, HR 1.83 [95% CI 0.74–4.56], P = 0.19). Smoking, BMI, and oral contraceptive use slightly attenuated the associations (e.g., for 4–7 symptoms, adjusted HR 2.62 [95% CI 1.09–6.48], P < 0.05). Trauma exposure, regardless of PTSD symptoms, was strongly associated with incident SLE (HR 2.83 [95% CI 1.29–6.21], P < 0.01).

Conclusion

This study contributes to growing evidence that psychosocial trauma and associated stress responses may lead to autoimmune disease.
The Role of Anticipated Regret in Advice Taking
Authors: Tzini Konstantina , Jain Kriti
Published: September 2017

Across five studies, we demonstrate that anticipated future regret influences receptiveness to advice. While making a revision to one's own judgment based on advice, people can anticipate two kinds of future regret: (a) the regret of following non‐beneficial advice and (b) the regret of ignoring beneficial advice. In studies 1a (scenario task) and 1b (judgment task), we find that anticipated regret from erring after following advice is greater than anticipated regret from erring after ignoring advice. Furthermore, receptiveness decreases as the difference between anticipated regret from following and from ignoring advice increases. In study 2, we demonstrate that perceived justifiability of one's own initial decision is greater than that of advice. This difference in perceived justifiability influences anticipated regret and that, in turn, influences receptiveness. In study 3, we investigate the effect of advisor's expertise on perceived justifiability, anticipated regret, and receptiveness. In study 4, we propose and test an intervention to improve receptiveness based on self‐generation of advice justifications. Participants who were asked to self‐generate justifications for the advice were more receptive to it. This effect was mediated by perceived justifiability and anticipated regret. These findings shed further light on what prevents people from being receptive to advice and how this can be improved. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous determination of serum propafenone and its metabolites using high‐performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Shirayama Yuki , Doki Kosuke , Sekiguchi Yukio , Aonuma Kazutaka , Kohda Yukinao , Homma Masato
Published: September 2017

Propafenone, a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent, is metabolized to 5‐hydroxypropafeone (5‐OHP) and N‐depropylpropafenone (NDPP). Simultaneous determination of serum propafenone and its metabolites was performed using HPLC equipped with a conventional octadecylsilyl silica column and ultraviolet detector. The wavelength was set at 250 nm. Propafenone and its metabolites in the serum were extracted using diethyl ether. The mobile phase solution, comprising 1‐pentanesulfonic acid sodium salt (0.1 m), acetonitrile and acetic acid (280:185:2.5, v/v/v), was pumped at a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The recoveries of propafenone, 5‐OHP and NDPP were greater than 85, 82 and 60%, respectively, with the coefficients of variation (CVs) less than 5.4, 1.9 and 2.9%, respectively. The calibration curves were linear for a concentration range of 12.5–1500 ng/mL for propafenone and 2–500 ng/mL for 5‐OHP and NDPP (r > 0.999). CVs in the intraday assays were 1.0–3.8% for propafenone, 0.6–2.0% for 5‐OHP and 0.6–1.7% for NDPP. CVs in interday assays were 1.3–7.7% for propafenone, 1.1–6.5% for 5‐OHP and 5.4–8.0% for NDPP. The present HPLC method can be used to assess the disposition of propafenone and its metabolites for pharmacokinetic studies and therapeutic drug monitoring of propafenone.
Don't get lost in the noise: Craft emails students will read
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: September 2017

MINNEAPOLIS — “How do we know students aren't reading our emails? Because they're not doing what we ask them to!” Stuart Boyd, student engagement coordinator at Arapahoe Community College in Colorado, said during his session at the American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers annual meeting. Boyd shared strategies for increasing student open‐and‐read rates for emails as well as ways to craft emails that grab students' attention and help them understand the importance of professional communication via email for their lives even beyond your institution.
Train officers, students for positive interactions
Authors: Miles David
Published: September 2017

Many days we wake up to the news, and very seldom is the story about the good things police officers have done. I understand that sensationalism is what sells papers or attracts viewers to watch the news. Most stories about the interactions of police with the community show only the situations that go bad.
Do consumers care about the message a claim conveys? The magic bullet effect of organic and domestic claims on food products
Authors: Scholl‐Grissemann Ursula
Published: September 2017

According to the magic bullet effect, as it relates to organic and domestic claims on food products, consumers may attribute inappropriate benefits to a claim. An experimental study reveals 2 such effects, from organic claims to domestic benefits, such that customers attribute domestic benefits to organic claims, and from domestic claims to organic benefits, such that consumers attribute organic benefits to domestic claims. This effect is strengthened by consumers' degree of national identification and ethnocentric beliefs. In line with prior research, the results indicate that consumers pay little attention to the information the claim conveys and instead find what they are looking for by reading into the product claims. These findings have important implications for not only marketing management but also public policies that seek to reduce any confusion created by organic and domestic claims on food products.
A case of successful bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation of an adult with Bland‐White‐Garland syndrome
Authors: Fukuoka Hidetada , Watanabe Tetsuya , Shinoda Yukinori , Ikeoka Kuniyasu , Minamisaka Tomoko , Inui Hirooki , Ueno Keisuke , Inoue Soki , Mine Kentaro , Toda Koichi , Sawa Yoshiki , Hoshida Shiro
Published: September 2017

Key Clinical Message

In Japan and worldwide, the increase in educational interventions about resuscitation training significantly increases favorable neurological survival in out‐of‐hospital cardiopulmonary arrest cases treated with bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) each year. This case with Bland‐White‐Garland syndrome having high‐quality BCPR by nurses demonstrates the importance of education about BCPR.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiro‐Tetrahydrothiophene Oxindoles Bearing Four Contiguous Stereocenters by One‐Pot Michael–Henry‐Cascade–Rearrangement Reactions
Authors: Wang Shengzheng , Guo Zhongjie , Chen Shuqiang , Jiang Yan , Zhang Fan , Liu Xueying , Chen Weiping , Sheng Chunquan
Published: September 2017

Asymmetric construction of tetrahydrothiophenes with four contiguous stereocenters remains a formidable challenge. Herein, the bottleneck was addressed by an unprecedented one‐pot Michael–Henry‐cascade–rearrangement reaction that could simultaneously create four consecutive stereogenic centers including two tetrasubstituted carbon stereocenters. The highly functionalized chiral spirotetrahydrothiophene scaffolds were assembled in moderate to good yields (≈54–79 %), excellent diastereo‐ (>20:1 d.r.) and enantio‐selectivities (up to 93 % ee).
A Solid Iridium Catalyst for Diastereoselective Hydrogenation
Authors: Romanenko Iuliia , Jaffeux Louis , Veyre Laurent , Lacôte Emmanuel , Meille Valérie , Thieuleux Chloé
Published: September 2017

An Ir(NHC) supported catalyst is used in the selective hydrogenation of terpinen‐4‐ol to cis p‐menthan‐4‐ol. Its activity, selectivity and stability are compared to those of a homogeneous homologue [IrCl(COD)MesImPr] and to a commercial Pd/C. The solid Ir catalyst is much more selective than the Pd catalyst (92 vs. 42 % at 80 °C) but also more active, more selective and more stable than the iridium complex in solution. For the first time, a supported catalyst shows an enhanced activity with respect to a complex in a diastereoselective hydrogenation reaction.
An FeIII Azamacrocyclic Complex as a pH‐Tunable Catholyte and Anolyte for Redox‐Flow Battery Applications
Authors: Tsitovich Pavel B. , Kosswattaarachchi Anjula M. , Crawley Matthew R. , Tittiris Timothy Y. , Cook Timothy R. , Morrow Janet R.
Published: September 2017

A reversible Fe3+/Fe2+ redox couple of an azamacrocyclic complex is evaluated as an electrolyte with a pH‐tunable potential range for aqueous redox‐flow batteries (RFBs). The FeIII complex is formed by 1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (TACN) appended with three 2‐methyl‐imidazole donors, denoted as Fe(Tim). This complex exhibits pH‐sensitive redox couples that span E1/2(Fe3+/Fe2+)=317 to −270 mV vs. NHE at pH 3.3 and pH 12.8, respectively. The 590 mV shift in potential and kinetic inertness are driven by ionization of the imidazoles at various pH values. The Fe3+/Fe2+ redox is proton‐coupled at alkaline conditions, and bulk electrolysis is non‐destructive. The electrolyte demonstrates high charge/discharge capacities at both acidic and alkaline conditions throughout 100 cycles. Given its tunable redox, fast electrochemical kinetics, exceptional stability/cyclability, this complex is promising for the design of aqueous RFB catholytes and anolytes that utilize the earth‐abundant element iron.
Deoxygenation of stearic acid with a novel Ni(CO)‐MoS2/Fe3S4 catalyst
Authors: Sharifvaghefi Seyyedmajid , Zheng Ying
Published: September 2017

Magnetically recyclable Ni(Co)‐promoted MoS2 catalysts with greigite (G) core were synthesized and their activity and selectivity in hydrodeoxygenation of stearic acid were investigated. The activity of the catalysts tested at 320 °C and H2 initial pressure of 3.5 MPa could be ranked as NiMo/G > CoMo/G > Mo/G. Two main products were detected, C18 (through HDO pathway) and C17 hydrocarbons (through DCO pathway). HDO was the dominant pathway for all of the catalysts. As for the C18/C17 ratio, the catalysts were found to be in the order: Mo/G > CoMo/G ≈ NiMo/G. The Paraffin/Olefin ratio was over 1 for all of the catalysts with NiMo/G showing the highest ratio. Stearic acid was found to have an inhibiting effect on the adsorption of intermediates over the active sites. Moreover, the concentrations of intermediates decreased at high conversions of stearic acid. The formation of the intermediate aldehyde is through C–O hydrogenolysis of the fatty acid following the protonation, dehydrogenation, and hydride addition steps. The same steps were suggested to be involved in the transformation of the aldehyde to the alcohol. Formation of Cn‐1 hydrocarbons was found to be via decarbonylation route. The enhancement of the DCO pathway over the promoted catalysts was related to the electron transfer from the promoting atom to an adjacent sulphur atom and reduction in sulphur‐metal bond strength.
Randomized trial of Tibetan yoga in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy
Authors: Chaoul Alejandro , Milbury Kathrin , Spelman Amy , Basen‐Engquist Karen , Hall Martica H. , Wei Qi , Shih Ya‐Chen Tina , Arun Banu , Valero Vicente , Perkins George H. , Babiera Gildy V. , Wangyal Tenzin , Engle Rosalinda , Harrison Carol A. , Li Yisheng , Cohen Lorenzo
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

The current randomized trial examined the effects of a Tibetan yoga program (TYP) versus a stretching program (STP) and usual care (UC) on sleep and fatigue in women with breast cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy.

METHODS

Women with stage (American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) TNM) I to III breast cancer who were undergoing chemotherapy were randomized to TYP (74 women), STP (68 women), or UC (85 women). Participants in the TYP and STP groups participated in 4 sessions during chemotherapy, followed by 3 booster sessions over the subsequent 6 months, and were encouraged to practice at home. Self‐report measures of sleep disturbances (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), fatigue (Brief Fatigue Inventory), and actigraphy were collected at baseline; 1 week after treatment; and at 3, 6, and 12 months.

RESULTS

There were no group differences noted in total sleep disturbances or fatigue levels over time. However, patients in the TYP group reported fewer daily disturbances 1 week after treatment compared with those in the STP (difference, ‐0.43; 95% confidence interval [95% CI], ‐0.82 to ‐0.04 [P = .03]) and UC (difference, ‐0.41; 95% CI, ‐0.77 to ‐0.05 [P = .02]) groups. Group differences at the other time points were maintained for TYP versus STP. Actigraphy data revealed greater minutes awake after sleep onset for patients in the STP group 1 week after treatment versus those in the TYP (difference, 15.36; 95% CI, 7.25‐23.48 [P = .0003]) and UC (difference, 14.48; 95% CI, 7.09‐21.87 [P = .0002]) groups. Patients in the TYP group who practiced at least 2 times a week during follow‐up reported better Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and actigraphy outcomes at 3 months and 6 months after treatment compared with those who did not and better outcomes compared with those in the UC group.

CONCLUSIONS

Participating in TYP during chemotherapy resulted in modest short‐term benefits in sleep quality, with long‐term benefits emerging over time for those who practiced TYP at least 2 times a week. Cancer 2018;124:36‐45. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP): Implications for the risk of malignancy (ROM) in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC)
Authors: Zhou Haijun , Baloch Zubair W. , Nayar Ritu , Bizzarro Tommaso , Fadda Guido , Adhikari‐Guragain Deepti , Hatem Joseph , Larocca Luigi M. , Samolczyk Julia , Slade Jamie , Rossi Esther Diana
Published: September 2017

BACKGROUND

The introduction of noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary‐like nuclear features (NIFTP) affects the risk of malignancy (ROM) mostly in the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) categories. In this multi‐institutional, retrospective study, the authors investigated variations in the impact of an NIFTP diagnosis on the associated ROM for each TBSRTC category with an emphasis on the influence of pathologist and institutional diagnostic thresholds on the ROM.

METHODS

Baseline data on cytology and histology diagnostic categories were collected over a 3‐year period at 3 academic center hospitals (institutions A, B, and C). Histology slides for all cases diagnosed as follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC) were re‐reviewed at each institution, and those that qualifying as NIFTP were separated from other PTCs.

RESULTS

The collective case cohort from the 3 institutions included 15,973 thyroid fine‐needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) specimens and 5090 thyroid surgical resection specimens. Significant differences in baseline cytology and histology data were noted among the 3 institutions. The number of cases classified as NIFTP compared with FVPTC was highly variable (institution A, 14%; institution B, 39%; and institution C, 12%). For 3250 resected thyroid nodules with a previous FNAC diagnosis, the average decrease in ROM after the exclusion of NIFTP for all TBSRTC categories was as follows: institution A, 9.8%; institution B, 3.9%; and institution C, 1.3%.

CONCLUSIONS

The institutional frequency of NIFTP histopathology diagnosis and cytology baseline data will impact the ROM associated with specific FNAC diagnoses, especially among the indeterminate TBSRTC categories. The range of ROM for each TBSRTC diagnostic category is reflective of the inherent diagnostic thresholds and interobserver and interinstitutional variability in the diagnosis of thyroid lesions. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:20‐6. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Selective expression of eGFP in mouse perivascular astrocytes by modification of the Mlc1 gene using T2A‐based ribosome skipping
Authors: Toutounchian Jordan J. , McCarty Joseph H.
Published: September 2017

Perivascular astrocyte end feet closely juxtapose cerebral blood vessels to regulate important developmental and physiological processes including endothelial cell proliferation and sprouting as well as the formation of the blood‐brain barrier (BBB). The mechanisms underlying these events remain largely unknown due to a lack of experimental models for identifying perivascular astrocytes and distinguishing these cell types from other astroglial populations. Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy with subcortical cysts 1 (Mlc1) is a transmembrane protein that is expressed in perivascular astrocyte end feet where it controls BBB development and homeostasis. On the basis of this knowledge, we used T2A peptide‐skipping strategies to engineer a knock‐in mouse model in which the endogenous Mlc1 gene drives expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP), without impacting expression of Mlc1 protein. Analysis of fetal, neonatal and adult Mlc1‐eGFP knock‐in mice revealed a dynamic spatiotemporal expression pattern of eGFP in glial cells, including nestin‐expressing neuroepithelial cells during development and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)‐expressing perivascular astrocytes in the postnatal brain. EGFP was not expressed in neurons, microglia, oligodendroglia, or cerebral vascular cells. Analysis of angiogenesis in the neonatal retina also revealed enriched Mlc1‐driven eGFP expression in perivascular astrocytes that contact sprouting blood vessels and regulate blood‐retinal barrier permeability. A cortical injury model revealed that Mlc1‐eGFP expression is progressively induced in reactive astrocytes that form a glial scar. Hence, Mlc1‐eGFP knock‐in mice are a new and powerful tool to identify perivascular astrocytes in the brain and retina and characterize how these cell types regulate cerebral blood vessel functions in health and disease.
Flight is the key to postprandial blood glucose balance in the fruit batsEonycteris spelaeaandCynopterus sphinx
Authors: Peng Xingwen , He Xiangyang , Liu Qi , Sun Yunxiao , Liu Hui , Zhang Qin , Liang Jie , Peng Zhen , Liu Zhixiao , Zhang Libiao
Published: September 2017

Excessive sugar consumption could lead to high blood glucose levels that are harmful to mammalian health and life. Despite consuming large amounts of sugar‐rich food, fruit bats have a longer lifespan, raising the question of how these bats overcome potential hyperglycemia. We investigated the change of blood glucose level in nectar‐feeding bats (Eonycteris spelaea) and fruit‐eating bats (Cynopterus sphinx) via adjusting their sugar intake and time of flight. We found that the maximum blood glucose level ofC. sphinxwas higher than 24 mmol/L that is considered to be pathological in other mammals. AfterC. sphinxbats spent approximately 75% of their time to fly, their blood glucose levels dropped markedly, and the blood glucose ofE. spelaeafell to the fast levels after they spent 70% time of fly. Thus, the level of blood glucose elevated with the quantity of sugar intake but declined with the time of flight. Our results indicate that high‐intensive flight is a key regulator for blood glucose homeostasis during foraging. High‐intensive flight may confer benefits to the fruit bats in foraging success and behavioral interactions and increases the efficiency of pollen and seed disposal mediated by bats.
Solvent and Base in One: Tetra‐n‐butylammonium Acetate as a Multi‐Purpose Ionic Liquid Medium for Ru‐Catalyzed Directed Mono‐ and Di‐o‐C–H Arylation Reactions
Authors: Zou Ya‐Ling , Wang Zhen‐Yu , Feng Yin‐Mao , Li You‐Gui , Kantchev Eric Assen B.
Published: September 2017

Ru‐catalyzed directed o‐C–H arylation reactions of 2‐phenylpyridine, N‐phenylpyrazole, acetophenone N‐(p‐methoxyphenyl)imine, and 2‐phenyloxazoline proceed in good to excellent yields with a number of functionalized aryl and heteroaryl bromides in neat Bu4NOAc at 120 °C. The acetate ion acts as the base and the relatively low melting point Bu4N salts (a mixture of acetate and bromide) behave as an ionic liquid. Arylation reactions of 2‐phenyloxazoline proceed with concomitant oxazolidine cleavage to give 2‐(N‐acetylamino)ethyl benzoates promoted by side product CH3COOH. The dual‐purpose ionic liquid medium is compatible with both ligandless Ru for di‐arylation (optimal pre‐catalyst: RuCl3·xH2O) and Ru‐phosphane (optimal pre‐catalyst: [RuCl2(p‐cymene)]2/P(p‐Tol)3 1:4) catalysts (1–5 mol‐%) for selective mono‐arylation.
Directed ortho‐Metalation of Aryl Amides, O‐Carbamates, and Methoxymethoxy Systems: Directed Metalation Group Competition and Cooperation
Authors: Miah M. A. Jalil , Sibi Mukund P. , Chattopadhyay S. , Familoni Oluwole B. , Snieckus Victor
Published: September 2017

A systematic study on the competitive metalation of derivatives containing four directed metalation groups (DMGs), namely, Cl, OMe, methoxymethoxy (OMOM), and CONEt2, in comparison with the OCONEt2 DMG is described. In addition, the anionic ortho‐Fries (AoF) rearrangement, the double metalation–electrophile quench of 1,2‐ and 1,4‐O‐carbamates, and iterative metalation procedures are presented. The results provide new methodologies for the synthesis of contiguously functionalized 1,2,3‐ and 1,2,3,4‐substituted aromatic derivatives of difficult accessibility and potential broad utility. A comparison of the present methodology with previously developed routes is provided for selected examples with emphasis on such substituted compounds.
Hydroxysulfonylation of Quinones with Aryl(alkyl)sulfonyl Hydrazides for the Synthesis of 1,4‐Dihydroxy‐2‐aryl(alkyl)sulfonylbenzenes
Authors: Li Ping‐Gui , Li Yan‐Chun , Zhu Tao , Zou Liang‐Hua , Wu Zhimeng
Published: September 2017

β‐Ketoacyl‐ACP‐synthase III (FabH) plays an important role in bacterial fatty‐acid biosynthesis as an important condensing enzyme. 1,4‐Dihydroxy‐2‐tosylnaphthalene and its analogues are potent inhibitors of FabH. Traditional methods for the synthesis of these compounds still suffer from some drawbacks. In this work, an efficient copper‐catalyzed method for the hydroxysulfonylation of quinones with aryl(alkyl)sulfonyl hydrazides was developed for the direct synthesis of 1,4‐dihydroxy‐2‐phenylsufonylbenzenes. A series of biologically useful FabH inhibitors were obtained in good yields under argon. Both aryl and alkyl substituents were well tolerated in the reaction.
Long‐form content: More words, more success
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: September 2017

The term “above the fold” as related to the web refers to content that is visible without the need to scroll down: prime web real estate.
Varied university experience builds a well‐rounded team player
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: September 2017

Becky Finley has spent nearly 30 years working for Delta State University. She supported the Fighting Okra through various positions, first in the information technology sector of campus, then in the admissions and recruiting office, and now in her position as university registrar. Finley has overseen the office's transition from handwritten degree check sheets to the implementation of Banner while also managing the commencement process at DSU.
Discriminating between the roles of late Pleistocene palaeodischarge and geological‐topographic inheritance in fluvial longitudinal profile and channel development
Authors: Gallagher Colman , Balme Matthew , Clifford Nicholas
Published: September 2017

This paper investigates the influences of palaeohydrology and geological‐topographic inheritance in shaping the channel of the lower River Suir, southeast Ireland. Results of acoustic surveys of the lower River Suir and Waterford Harbour reveal two scales of pseudo‐cyclic river bedforms. Longitudinal elevation profiles of the geological topography (undulating bedrock and till‐mantled bedrock) bounding the present floodplain swath reveal pseudo‐cyclicity in that terrain too. Spectral and statistical analyses are used to quantify the cyclicity of the long profile and geological‐topographic series. These methods show that the dominant cyclicity of the long profile reflects autocorrelation more than inheritance of cyclicity from the bounding geological topography. The cyclicity of the long profile mainly reflects a hydraulic control on pool‐spacing, although some cyclicity probably has been inherited from the geological‐topography. Channel‐forming palaeodischarge is estimated based on the dominant pool‐spacing revealed by spectral analysis, validated using relationships between meander wavelength, channel cross‐sectional geometry and hydraulically‐informed discharge reconstruction. The palaeodischarge estimates are in close agreement and are two orders of magnitude greater than present flood maxima. Significantly, these palaeodischarge estimates also agree closely with palaeodischarge calculated for the submerged Pleistocene palaeochannel that extends across the near‐shore continental shelf from Waterford Harbour. The pool‐sequence of the lower Suir and the submerged palaeochannel represent a former land‐system that was active during a period of low relative sea level during the last glacial. More broadly, the paper offers insights into the landscape evolution of formerly glaciated regions that experienced very wide discharge variability during and after the transition from glacial to interglacial regimes, in a context of complex relative sea level change. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Virtual velocity of sand transport in water
Authors: Parsons Anthony John , Cooper James , Wainwright John , Sekiguchi Tomohiro
Published: September 2017

Using the 160‐m‐long flume at Tsukuba University we undertook an experiment to provide a first estimate of the virtual velocity of sand in the size range 0.5–2.0 mm. For the flow velocity used in our experiment this sediment‐size range would conventionally be regarded as suspended sediment. The virtual velocity was found to be 37–41% of the flow velocity. Paradoxically, virtual velocity decreases as particle size decreases. Such a lower virtual velocity of finer sediment is not inconceivable. First, trapping of the sediment appears to be a function of bed roughness, and there is a probable relationship between bed roughness and trapping efficiency for particles of different sizes. Second, finer particles are more likely to find sheltered positions on a rough bed and thus experience lower mobility, relative to the more exposed coarser grains, as observed for bedload transport. Third, the virtual velocity of particles undergoing bedload transport has been found, in some instances, to be lower for finer clasts. We combine our data with previous studies of virtual velocity of bedload to develop, for the first time, a hypothesis for a holistic analysis of sediment movement in rivers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.