bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of murine monoclonal antibodies against cell‐surface antigens of human ovarian carcinoma
Authors: Bhattacharya Malaya , Chatterjee Sunil K. , Gangopadhyay Aniruddha , Barlow Joseph J.
Published: February 2007

Splenic lymphocytes of BALB/c mice immunized with human ovarian carcinoma cells were fused with the mouse myeloma cell line, NS‐1 in the presence of polyethylene glycol, MW 1500. The hybrid cultures were screened by a viable cell‐binding radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the production of relevant antibodies. Hybrids that produced antibodies that bound to the surface of the immunizing cell line and other ovarian carcinoma cell lines, but not to human fibroblast cell lines or erythrocytes and leucocytes isolated from peripheral blood, were cloned twice by the limiting dilution method. Two such clones designated 8C3, of the IgG2a isotype, and 10D6, of the IgG1 isotype, were checked for specificity by a solid‐phase membrane RIA. The monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) recognized an antigenic determinant present on different human adenocarcinomas such as ovary, breast, endometrium, colon, and stomach. The normal counterpart tissues of these histiotypes showed negligible binding to the MoAbs. The relative specificity of these MoAbs encourage further studies towards their characterization and evaluation as possible diagnostic and therapeutic agents in human cancer.
Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of EBV‐associated lymphoproliferative diseases in immunocompromised hosts
Authors: Hanto Douglas W. , Najarian John S.
Published: February 2007

The clinical, immunopathologic, and virologic features of the lymphoproliferative diseases occurring after renal transplantation have been characterized. Clinically, patients may present with an infectious mononucleosis‐like illness or with localized solid tumor masses. These lymphoproliferative diseases have unique histologic features that can be classified as polymorphic diffuse B‐cell hyperplasia (PDBH) or polymorphic B‐cell lymphoma (PBL). Immunologic cell‐typing studies have shown that the majority are polyclonal B‐cell proliferations, but monoclonal B‐cell tumors have also been documented. These B‐cell proliferations may, however, evolve from a benign polyclonal B‐cell hyperplasia to a monoclonal malignant lymphoma. The Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) has been implicated as the cause of these disorders. Serologic studies frequently demonstrate evidence of a primary or reactivation infection, touch imprints from involved tissue may stain for the presence of EBNA (Epstein‐Barr nuclear antigen), and EBV DNA hybridization studies demonstrate the presence of EBV‐specific DNA sequences within tumor cells. Since EBV induces a polyclonal B‐cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, the polyclonality of these diseases also implicates EBV. Acyclovir, a new synthetic antiviral agent that inhibits EBV DNA replication may be effective in some patients during the polyclonal growth phase but is ineffective once the tumor evolves into a monoclonal lymphoma. We have identified several factors that may be useful in predicting responsiveness to acyclovir therapy.
Systemic mastocytosis with extensive large cutaneous mastocytomas: Surgical management
Authors: McDermott William V. , Topol Bruce M.
Published: February 2007

A case of systemic mastocytosis is reported with an observation period of 20 years. During these two decades multiple manifestations of the disease appeared including urticaria pigmentosis, episodic histamine release, gastro‐intestinal involvement and hepatosplenomegaly.

The most extraordinary, and possibly unique phenomenon, has been the development of a massive proliferation of large mastocytomas mainly, but not exclusively, limited to the lower extremities. For different reasons (mechanical disability, bleeding, cosmesis), these tumors have required repeated admissions for surgical removal. The most successful technique has involved use of the ultrasonic scalpel.
Cancer in young adults between the ages of 15 and 34 years in greater Bombay
Authors: Jussawalla D. J. , Yeole B. B.
Published: February 2007

An attempt has been made in this study to examine the nature and magnitude of the cancer problem in young adults between the ages of 15 and 34 years living in Greater Bombay. The morbidity data utilised for this exercise were obtained from the Bombay Cancer Registry and the mortality analysis was made from the death records maintained by the Bombay Municipal Corporation. In Greater Bombay, the ratio of cancer incidence in this specific group as compared with the total incidence of the disease in the general population was very high in comparison with the Western incidence. The site most commonly affected by cancer in young adults seems to be the lymphatic and haematopoietic tissues in males and breast and cervix in females. The morbidity and mortality rates of the disease in the general population and in children reveal an overall male preponderance, but the situation is found to be totally reversed in young adults. Then again, the incidence as well as the mortality rates appear to decrease with advancing age in children, but in young adults the incidence increases with age. Leukaemia is the most commonly encountered malignancy in the young adult male, followed by cancers of the testes and bones, Hodgkin's disease, and cancers of the brain and connective tissues, in descending order of frequency. In females, breast cancer has the highest incidence followed by cancer of the cervix, leukaemia, and cancers of the ovary and thyroid. When the various registers are ranked according to age‐adjusted incidence rates, the figures for Greater Bombay are seen to be at the lowest levels in both sexes.
Tumor location and drug targeting using a monoclonal antibody (anti‐SSEA‐1) and antigen‐binding fragments
Authors: Ballou Byron , Reiland Jean M. , Levine Geoffrey , Taylor Rodney J. , Shen Wei‐Chiang , Ryser Hughes J.‐P. , Solter Davor , Hakala Thomas R.
Published: February 2007

Both murine and heterotransplanted human nonseminomatous germ‐cell tumors have been successfully located by external scintigraphy using radioiodinated anti‐SSEA‐1, a monoclonal IgM, and its pepsin‐derived antigen‐binding fragment, F(ab′)2μ. Antibody localization in the tumor is mainly due to antigenic specificity, rather than to nonspecific trapping, and depends strongly on the amount of time after injection. The antibody has been used for drug targeting in vitro and in vivo.
Aortic rupture in manual dissection of the esophagus: A rare complication during palliative esophagectomy performed on account of radiated esophageal cancer. A pathologic‐anatomic view
Authors: Sons Hans U.
Published: February 2007

The report concerns the rare complication of a rupture of the aorta thoracica descendens during a palliative esophagectomy without thoracotomy performed on account of radiated carcinoma of the esophagus. The pathologic‐anatomic findings are discussed and the literature is indicated.
Demonstration of cutaneous doxorubicin extravasation by rhodamine‐filtered fluorescence microscopy
Authors: Duray Paul Harrison , Cuono Charles B. , Madri Joseph A.
Published: February 2007

Accidental extravasation of the widely used antineoplastic anthracycline doxorubicin (adriamycin) is capable of causing serious and on‐going skin and soft tissue necrosis leading to loss of limb function. The only effective cure has been the complete surgical excision of drug‐contaminated tissue. Surgical excisions preparatory to skin grafting have often underestimated the extent of drug infiltration into tissue. Using an experimental technique utilizing the drug's natural property of red fluorescence, we were able to effect complete surgical excision by rhodamine fluorescence microscopy in frozen sections of resected skin.
Carcinoma of eccrine sweat gland: Experience with chemotherapy, autopsy findings in a patient with metastatic eccrine carcinoma, and a review of the literature
Authors: Morris Don M. , Sanusi I. Daniel , Lanehart William H.
Published: February 2007

Carcinoma of sweat glands is a very rare neoplasm of dermal appendages that is difficult to diagnose clinically and histologically. It has a potential for rapid growth and metastasis. Carcinoma of eccrine sweat glands, also known as eccrine carcinoma, is a distinct histologic subtype of sweat gland carcinoma. We report our autopsy findings and experience with chemotherapy in a patient with metastatic eccrine carcinoma. The pertinent literature and histologic classification of eccrine carcinomas are reviewed.
Extraskeletal Ewing's sarcoma: First case report in Greece
Authors: Vartholomeos A. A. , Destouni E. T. , Salem N. , Destouni H. , Valassis K. , Tselepis G.
Published: February 2007

The first case of soft tissue Ewing's sarcoma in Greece is presented. The tumour was a circumscribed large mass at the right calf, was radically excised and histologically proved to be small cell malignant neoplasm, performing the characteristic structural and cytological pattern of Ewing's sarcoma. Systematic clinical and radiological examination was negative. Operation was followed by local radiotherapy and systematic chemotherapy and the patient remains disease‐free and clinically in perfect health eight months after the operation. The case is presented with special reference to its histological appearance and its treatment.
Tumor differentiation and histological type in human breast cancer
Authors: Bell C. D. , Stadler J. , Waizbard E. , Chaitchik S. , Greif F.
Published: February 2007

Biopsies from 61 women with breast cancer were assessed for various histological features. These results were statistically analyzed for associations of gross tumor size, patient age, stage of disease, tumor hormone receptor status, with accepted systems of nuclear and histological grading for differentiation.

Tumors with highly differentiated grading had smaller cell nuclei, stromal elastasis, intraduct carcinoma and tubular formations. Poorly differentiated tumors had large vesicular cell nuclei and increased mitotic indices. Gross tumor size was also linked with stromal elastosis, intraduct carcinoma, a specific pattern of stromal infiltration, and mitotic index. No relationship could be found between any of the above features and the patients clinical statuses or their tumors' hormone receptivities. The existence of two distinct histological patterns of breast carcinoma is proposed; the patterns may either represent stages in the development of the tumor or different biological types.
Common duct stricture associated with hepatic artery infusion of FUDR
Authors: Laughlin Edward H.
Published: February 2007

A case report is presented giving the first detailed description of a benign common duct stricture occurring in a patient receiving hepatic artery infusion of FUDR for metastatic colon cancer. It is postulated that the stricture results from a combination of drug toxicity, and hypoxemia of the duct, with the lesion occurring more often than is recognized. A guide is given for the evaluation of the FUDR‐infused patient with suspected nonmalignant duct stricture, and for the methods of alleviating extrahe‐patic blockage in these individuals.
Plantar verrucous carcinoma (epithelioma cuniculatum): Case report with review of the literature
Authors: Kathuria Satinder , Rieker John , Jablokow Victor R. , Van Den Broek Hans
Published: February 2007

Verrucous carcinoma is a rare highly keratinizing variant of squamous cell carcinoma that is a slow‐growing, locally aggressive, and rarely metastasizing tumor. It may involve various body sites including oral, genital, and plantar areas. The tumor has a characteristic gross appearance with multiple sinuses opening on the surface and may present a difficult diagnostic problem. Multiple biopsies and close clinical correlaction are frequently required before a definite diagnosis is possible. The differential diagnosis is especially difficult if only fragments or superficial portions of the lesion are submitted for histological evaluation.

Reviewing surgical material from our institution from 1976 to 1983, we located four cases of verrucous carcinoma of the foot. These four cases were diagnosed on the bases of clinical, gross, and microscopic appearances. One of the cases had bilateral lesions. One of the cases is described with review of the literature.
Prognoses and surgical treatment of patients with stage I melanomas of the skin: A retrospective analysis of 211 patients
Authors: Welvaart K. , Hermans J. , Zwaveling A. , Ruiter D. J.
Published: February 2007

From 1960 to 1982, a total number of 216 patients with Stage I melanoma underwent local excision as the single treatment. Life‐table analysis was performed on 211 evaluable patients to investigate the prognostic value of several factors on survival as well as disease‐free survival. The influence of sex, age, localization of the tumor, and margin of the excision on prognosis was not statistically significant. The Clark level and Breslow thickness were important factors to predict the prognosis. Local recurrence occurred in only one patient; in most cases tumor growth close to the original site of excision indicates early manifestation of hematogenic spread. Lymph node metastases developed in 31 patients; ten of them remained free of disease after node dissection. Six patients died from hematogenic metastases without nodal involvement. Tumors with thickness < 1.5 mm have excellent prognosis regardless of the location of the melanoma or the margin of the excision. With increasing thickness of the tumor, prognosis is proportionally worse. By performing wide excisions the final outcome can not be improved.
Hepatocellular carcinoma presenting as bone pain
Authors: Robinson Dan L. , Davaiah K. A. , Lawton Richard L.
Published: February 2007

Hepatocellular carcinoma is an uncommon malignancy in the western world, and its presentation as symptomatic skeletal metastasis is rare. The following describes a patient whose initial complaint was arm pain that was subsequently found to be due to metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. A review of the literature describing skeletal involvement by hepatocellular carcinoma is included.
Pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast
Authors: Lafreniere Rene , Moskowitz Lee B. , Ketcham Alfred S.
Published: February 2007

Pathological curiosities have always fascinated the surgical community, and management of breast cancer by the physician has, at times, revealed such rarities. A recent case of squamous cell carcinoma in a clear fluid breast cyst has prompted a review of our experience with this rare pathology, and allowed us to make the following statements: We propose that squamous cell carcinoma of the breast arises from ductal metaplasia. When the T.N.M. system is applied to the squamous cell lesion, the apparent poor prognosis that it is believed to carry may not be so apparent. If no other primaries are identified after extensive metastatic work‐up, surgical therapy consisting of total mastectomy with complete axillary dissection, is very effective in local control of tumor progress. Nodal status will indicate the need for additional modalities of therapy.
Congenital hemangiopericytoma
Authors: Chen Karl T. K. , Kassel Stephen H. , Medrano Victor A.
Published: February 2007

The clinicopathologic features of a case of congenital hemangiopericytoma are described and compared with those of previously reported cases. Features connotative of malignancy in adult or childhood hemangioperi‐cytomas, such as high mitotic activity, increased cellularity, and tissue necrosis or hemorrhage, are frequently observed in congenital tumors. However, the congenital tumors are biologically benign. Spontaneous tumor regression observed in our case further suggests a conservative approach in the treatment of congenital hemangiopericytomas.
Combined 5‐fluorouracil (5‐FU) and radiation therapy following resection of locally advanced gastric carcinoma
Authors: Gez E. , Sulkes A. , Yablonsky‐Peretz T. , Weshler Z.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐five patients with locally advanced but resectable adenocarcinoma of the stomach were given concomitant postoperative radiotherapy to the tumor bed and chemotherapy with 5‐Fluorouracil (5‐FU). Twenty‐two of the patients had regional lymph node involvement and seven had residual tumor in the surgical margins. Radiotherapy was delivered to a total dose of 5,000 rads in 7 weeks with a two‐week split. 5‐FU was given daily the first 3 days of each treatment period and was then continued weekly for a minimum of 1 year. At a median follow‐up time of 19 months, 11 patients have relapsed, two locally and nine distally, and all have died. Thirteen patients remain alive, all but one disease‐free, for a median of 21 months from diagnosis. One additional patient died of unrelated causes, free of tumor. The actuarial median survival for the whole group stands at 33 months with a projected 5‐year survival of 40%. Treatment has been well tolerated.
Eosinopmlic granuloma of the stomach
Authors: Van Rensburg L. C. J. , Keet A. D. , Adams G.
Published: February 2007

Two patients with eosinophilic granuloma of the stomach are discussed. The first patient had extensive and time‐consuming investigations before the diagnosis was confirmed after surgery, while the second patient's presentation corresponded so closely to the first that a correct preoperative diagnosis was entertained with a minimum of investigations and delay. The barium‐meal examinations in both patients were very typical of the condition, but the endoscopy findings and biopsy histology reports were noncontributory. Neither of the patients had a history of allergy or eosin‐ophilia. The lesions were localized to the distal part of the stomach and the resected specimens were microscopically typical of eosinophilic granuloma of the stomach.
Prophylactic oophorectomy in premenopausal women with stage II breast carcinoma
Authors: Kashtan H. , Birkenfeld S. , Rath P. , Brenner H. J. , Krispin M.
Published: February 2007

Prophylactic oophorectomy, as an additional treatment for stage II breast cancer, is controversial. In a retrospective study, a group of 37 premenopausal women with stage II infiltrating duct carcinoma and one to three positive axillary lymph node involvement after modified radical mastectomy and bilateral oophorectomy were compared to a matched group of 34 women treated by modified radical mastectomy only. Prophylactic oophorectomy prolonged the disease free interval significantly as compared to the control group. However, it did not prolong survival. This raises the question whether the prolongation of survival achieved by late oophorectomy in women with advanced breast cancer is preferable to an improvement in quality of life resulting from longer disease free intervals.
Patient's and doctor's delay in carcinoma of the colon and rectum
Authors: Graffner Hans , Olsson Sven‐Åke
Published: February 2007

Despite sophisticated diagnostic equipment and modern surgical therapy, the prognosis for patients with colorectal carcinoma has not improved during the last few decades. One of the factors, possibly contributing to the prognosis, is the time between the patient's visit to the doctor and the final therapy. In order to estimate patients' and doctors' delay and to investigate the factors which may influence the time of delay, a prospective study was designed including 50 patients with carcinoma of the rectum or the sigmoid colon and 50 patients with colonic carcinoma above this level. All patients were interviewed by a doctor using a standard questionnaire, and initial symptoms, duration of symptoms, and type of clinical examination leading to diagnosis were recorded. The results show that 16% of the patients in the recto/sigmoid group suffered from patient's delay as opposed to 20% in the group of patients with carcinoma above 25 cm from the anal verge. Doctor's delay was found in 27% of all cases, being evenly distributed in the two groups. The reason for doctor's delay was usually the doctor's neglecting to perform rectosigmoidoscopy or rectal palpation, and in some cases a false‐negative X‐ray. No significant correlation was found between tumor stage and doctor's or patient's delay.
Additional malignant neoplasms in patients with breast carcinoma
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu Margaret
Published: February 2007

During a follow‐up of 665 patients with carcinoma of the breast age 40 years or older, 46 developed a second primary carcinoma of the opposite breast and 30 developed a nonmammary malignancy (median FU = 6 yrs). Comparing our number of observed cases with the number of expected cases (calculated from the female age‐specific incidence rate of the data of the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) and from the actual cumulative person‐years of follow‐up), our patients with breast cancer did not have higher probability of developing additional nonmammary malignancy, but did have over five times the chance of developing a second breast cancer as other females to have any such cancer. Comparing the distribution of specific sites of our nonmammary second cancer with that reported by the SEER's study, the proportions of patients with colorectal, lung cancer, and lymphoma were similar. But we did see relatively more carcinomas of the uterine cervix, ovary, vulva, sarcoma, and stomach/duodenum, and fewer carcinoma of the endometrium. These differences could be explained by our small series, patient characteristics, and selected referral pattern.
Peritoneal lavage as an aid in the surgical management of neutropenic colitis
Authors: Geer Deborah A. , Lee Yeu‐Tsu Margaret , Barcia Peter J.
Published: February 2007

Neutropenic colitis is a severe, often devastating complication of acute leukemia. The diagnosis can be difficult as the symptoms are often those of the leukemia itself or of the therapy being rendered. These anemic, thrombocytopenic, and severely immunosuppressed patients present great operative risks. Distinction between the surgical and nonsurgical abdomen can be a challenge for even the most experienced surgeon. Peritoneal lavage may serve as a means to help in this differentiation.
Tumor measurement in the nude mouse
Authors: Euhus David M. , Hudd Charles , Laregina Marie C. , Johnson Frank E.
Published: February 2007

In this study, the pitfalls of tumor measurement in the nude mouse were evaluated. Regarding intermethod variation, diameters of subcutaneous tumors in nude mice were expressed as length, area, and volume; tumor weights were also recorded. These measurements were all compared to a reference standard: water displacement volume. Estimates of area and volume derived from caliper measurements correlated well with water displacement volume (r = 0.97 and 0.98, respectively). At necropsy, tumor weight was the most consistent and reproducible reflection of tumor volume (r = 1.0000). Regarding interobserver variation, mean absolute difference among volumes determined by several investigators who measured the same tumors in living animals was determined. This averaged 15% of the mean calculated volume. Regarding intraobserver variation, observers measured four separate masses in nude mice eight times each. The observers were prevented from realizing that the same animals were being repeatedly evaluated. Volumes were compared in order to quantify the average variation that occurs when a single investigator repeatedly measures the same mass. When large masses were measured, this error was 7%; when small masses were measured, the error was 27%. Recommendations are made for future work employing tumor measurement.
Development of a metastatic human colon cancer xenograft model in the nude mouse
Authors: Lundy Joel , Greiner John W. , Colcher D.
Published: February 2007

The objective of our experimental protocols was to develop a metastatic model for a human colon carcinoma xenograft in congenitally athymic nude mice. This model would be useful in evaluating the efficacy of radiolabeled monoclonal antibodies for detection and treatment of regional and distant metastases. The LS‐174T human colon carcinoma line was used to establish primary subcutaneous tumors in nude mice. Mice were killed at varying time intervals to establish the incidence of spontaneous metastases. Only lung micrometastases were observed during the 2‐month observation period. To increase the metastatic rate, the site of primary implanation was varied and/or surgical manipulations were performed. Excision of small primary tumors resulted in a low incidence of local recurrence and no distant metastases. However, with excision of large primary tumors, a high local recurrence rate was noted and over 30% of mice had gross metastases. Mice bearing hind footpad tumors underwent excision when tumors were at least 1 cm in size. There were no local recurrences, but by 8 weeks over 40% had large pulmonary metastases. The LS‐174T tumor was also established as a primary implant in the spleen from which 10 to 15% of the mice developed liver or lung metastases. The LS‐174T tumor can metastasize in the nude mice and the latter two models may prove very useful in imaging and therapy studies.
Cholecystitis secondary to infusion chemotherapy
Authors: Pietrafitta Joseph J. , Anderson Bernhard G. , O'Brien Michael J. , Deckers Peter J.
Published: February 2007

This report centers on a patient with metastatic colorectal cancer who developed acute and chronic cholecystitis secondary to the infusion of FUDR (fluoro‐deoxyuridine) into the hepatic artery. This was documented by sonography, cholescintigraphy, and, ultimately, pathologically on the surgically removed specimen. Undoubtedly, with increasing cumulative treatment days made possible through technological advances in delivery systems, this complication will be seen more frequently. Prophylactic removal of the gallbladder, at the time of pump placement, which does not significantly prolong the operative time nor increase the operative mortality, should be performed to prevent this complication from occurring.
Liposarcoma arising within a cystosarcoma phyllodes
Authors: Jimenez Jorge F. , Gloster Elizabeth S. , Perrot Linda J. , Mollitt Daniel L. , Gollady E. Stevers
Published: February 2007

A liposarcoma arising within a cytosarcoma phyllodes in a 17‐year‐old black female was treated by total mastectomy without the need of radiation and/or chemotherapy. The patient is alive and well with no evidence of recurrence or metastasis at 20 months recent follow‐up. The clinocopathological features of malignant cystosarcoma phyllodes‐liposarcoma are discussed.
Endocrine function after immunosuppression of pancreatic allograft by ionizing irradiation in the primate
Authors: Du Toit Don F. , Heydenrych Jacobus J. , Smit Ben , Louw Gabriel , Zuurmond Theuns , Laker Lida , Els Daniel , Weideman Andre , Wolfe‐Coote Sonja , Du Toit L. B. , Davids H.
Published: February 2007

The object of this preliminary study was to evaluate the endocrine function after heterotopic intraperitoneal segmental pancreatic allotransplantation with unligated duct in irradiated, totally panreatectomized primates. All allograft recipients received, pre‐ and peroperative donor‐specific blood transfusions and peroperative external irradiation from a linear accelerator; 200 rads was administered weekly and increased to a total dose of 1,500 rads. Pancreatic transplantation was performed between 2 and 6 weeks after completion of irradiation and preoperative blood transfusions. As previously reported, only minimal pancreatic allograft survival was achieved following preoperative irradiation. One recipient remained normoglycaemic for > 100 days after transplantation, The longest surviving pancreatic allograft recipient reported from this laboratory. Intravenous glucose tolerance test results in this recipient revealed normoglycaemia, reduced K‐value, hypoinsulinaemia, normal glucagon response, reduced C‐peptide values, and moderate glucose intolerance. Aortography and electron‐microscopic examination of allograft biopsy tissue confirmed the presence of a functioning allograft.
Four primary malignant neoplasms in a single patient
Authors: Craig David M. , Triedman Leonard J.
Published: February 2007

A 60‐year‐old Caucasian male, with a previous history of a 10‐year occupational exposure to ionizing radiation, chemical carcinogens, and a long history of tobacco and alcohol abuse, developed synchronous squamous cell carcinoma of the floor of the mouth and adenocarcinoma of the lung. Four years later, squamous cell carcinoma of the larynx followed by squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue were diagnosed. in this case report, we suggest that increased exposure to multiple carcinogenic factors may result in an increased incidence of both synchronous and metachronous primary malignant neoplasms.
Polyps of the gallbladder
Authors: Majeski James A.
Published: February 2007

One of the unusual problems associated with gallbladder disease is a polyp discovered by either ultrasonography or by oral cholecystogram. We report a recent experience of two cases of polyps of the gallbladder removed by cholecystectomy. The incidence of gallbladder polyps of any type is quite varied in the medical literature. Eighty percent of polyps occur in females, and these occur after the third decade of life. The polyps can either be cholesterol or inflammatory polyps that are not really benign tumors but just reactions of the gallbladder wall. The true mucosal benign lesions are either adenomyomas or papillomas. The adenomyomas and papillomas have malignant potential. There are case reports of carcinoma in situ and cancer arising from these lesions. The treatment for a gallbladder polyp is a cholecystectomy.
Metastases to the corpora cavernosa from transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder
Authors: Haddad Farid S. , Kivirand Ariadna I.
Published: February 2007

A case of penile metastases secondary to transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is reported. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and had the longest survival ever reported for this conditon: 20 months; this compares favorably with the 4‐month average survival of patients treated by surgery and/or radiotherapy.
Renal cell carcinoma presenting as a single large cyst
Authors: Sarma Deba P. , Weilbaecher Thomas G. , Waggenspack Gerard A.
Published: February 2007

A large single renal cyst occurring in a 56‐year‐old man was found to be a cystic renal cell carcinoma on surgical exploration. Various diagnostic tests preoperatively did not reveal the true nature of the cyst.
Effect of liquid diet on nude mouse gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Johnson Frank E. , Awad Elene M. , Jellinek Max , Deveney Clifford W. , Laregina Marie C.
Published: February 2007

The nude (athymic) mouse is currently used to study the effect of gastrin on cancer xenografts. We sought to develop a hypogastrinemic nude mouse model for use in evaluating the effect of hypogastrinemia on such xenografts. Thirty‐six non‐tumor‐bearing nude mice were studied. Eighteen received a nutritionally complete liquid diet; eighteen received standard chow. Six mice from each group were weighed and killed (nonfasting) on days 2, 8, and 15. Mean serum gastrin levels (± SEM) for the control group were 118.7 ± 7.5, 118.7 ± 8.7, and 118.0 ± 7.5 pg/ml on days 2, 8, and 15, respectively. Serum gastrin levels for the liquid diet group significantly decreased to 87.0 ± 7.6, 88.0 ± 9.7, and 66.7 ± 9.6 pg/ml on the same days. Animals in both groups gained weight normally; there were no significant weight differences between the two groups at any point. No histological abnormalities were seen in stomach, small intestine, colon, cecum, liver, pancreas, spleen or kidney. However, The liquid diet group showed atrophic changes in colon: significant reductions in colon weight and RNA content on days 8 and 15, and significant reduction in colon protein content on day 8. This model of hypogastrinemia is reliable and inexpensive. The nonsurgical nature of the preparation allows excellent survival in this immunodeficient animal.
Myoepithelioma of the breast: Histologic, immunologic, and electromicroscopic appearance
Authors: Bigotti Giulio , Giorgio Carmelo Giacomino Di
Published: February 2007

This report describes the histologic, immunologic, and ultrastructural features of a distinctive spindle‐cell tumor of the female breast interpreted as pure myoepithelioma. By light microscopy, The tumor showed the mammary parenchyma replaced by bundles of fusiform cells, which cytoplasms contained myosin and actin, demonstrated immunologically. Ultrastructurally, The spindle cells were joined by mature desmosomes and presented parallel bundles of microfilaments and remnants of basal lamina.
A preliminary report on the suitability of sheep epidermal squamous cell carcinoma as a solid tumor model in the evaluation of intra‐arterial methotrexate administration
Authors: Harker Garry J. S. , Stephens Frederick O. , Wass Jane , Zbroja Rosemary A. , Chick Bruce F. , Grace Julienne
Published: February 2007

A preliminary study was undertaken to assess the sensitivity of sheep epidermal squamous cell carcinoma, in the head and neck region, to intraarterial (IA) methotrexate (MTX) infusion. There was an objective tumor response (40‐56% regression) in all three IA‐infused sheep, whereas tumor progression was observed in all three animals treated intravenously (IV). Regional and systemic side effects were negligible in all cases. Technically, IA drug infusion in the sheep was an improvement on previous small animal models, with no problems related to arterial catheter insertion, blockage, or dislodgement, and tolerable infusion times being of markedly longer duration. The histological differentiation of moderately differentiated stage II lesions improved during therapy irrespective of clinical response, whilst the histology of well‐differentiated stage III and IV tumors remained unchanged. Tumor cell cycle stage and ploidy characteristics, as determined by flow cytometric DNA analysis, were little affected by either mode of drug administration. It is concluded that sheep epidermal carcinoma is responsive to IA MTX, and that this animal model is the most appropriate yet utilised to study the comparative effects of IA and IV chemotherapy in the head and neck region.
Leiomyosarcoma of meckel's diverticulum: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Saadia R. , Decker G. A. G.
Published: February 2007

A case of leiomyosarcoma of a Meckel's diverticulum, presenting as an acute appendicitis, is reported. The literature is reviewed with particular emphasis on current trends in the diagnosis and management of leiomy osarcomas of the small intestine.
Gastric leiomyoma presenting with intraperitoneal haemorrhage
Authors: Phipps R. F.
Published: February 2007

A case is reported of intraperitoneal haemorrhage arising from a gastric leiomyoma. This is a rare manifestation of this tumour which usually presents with perforation, ulceration, or obstruction.
Cardiac tamponade as the only initial feature of malignancy: A case report and review of the literature
Authors: Shinde Shashank R. , Shaha Pravin B. , Shetty Prabhakar A.
Published: February 2007

Cardiac involvement in the form of pericardial effusion or tamponade as the initial feature of extracardiac malignancy is extremely rare. An extensive search of medical literature yielded only 36 such cases. A case is presented and literature reviewed.
The treatment of nonseminomatous testicular tumors: 15 years experience
Authors: Steiner M. , Stein M. , Cohen Y. , Robinson E.
Published: February 2007

Thirty‐two patients with nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis were treated at the Northern Israel. Oncology Center during the years 1968‐1983. The patients were divided into two groups. Group I included 18 patients treated from 1968 to 1976; in group II there were 14 patients treated with combination therapy containing cis‐platinum in the years 1977 to 1983. The actuarial survival rate at 38 months from diagnosis is 47% in group I patients and 86% in group II patients. The development of modern radiological techniques, biochemical markers for accurate staging, and the use of cis‐platinum‐containing combination chemotherapy made this disease curable. New treatment modalities are needed for patients with bulky disease at presentation.
Evaluation of routine follow‐up after surgery for breast carcinoma
Authors: Marrazzo Antonio , Solina Gaspare , Puccia Vincenzo , Fiorentino Eugenio , Bazan Pietro
Published: February 2007

Close postoperative follow‐up of patients with breast cancer permits the early detection of possible recurrence of disease. Such follow‐up allows for the detection of a tumor mass, that is small enough to permit adequate treatment leading to an increased survival time and better quality of life. Thus we studied 85 patients treated by radical mastectomy in stages I, II, and III during the period from December 1977 to June 1982. Among 82 patients, 41 had axillary node involvement and received adjuvant chemotherapy with C.M.F. All patients received a strict follow‐up. Thirty‐two patients showed recurrence of the disease, with 28. 1% being discovered while still asymptomatic. Seventy‐five percent of the recurrences were in the first 24 months after treatment. The frequency of involved sites was different between the group of patients with involvement and the group without involvement of axillary nodes. We have concluded that in asymptomatic patients certain exams need not be repeated at frequent intervals, and we have proposed a new follow‐up protocol.
Reaction of the tumor markers cea and tpa to a surgical trauma
Authors: Putzki H. , Student A. , Breucker K. , Jablonski M.
Published: February 2007

The level of the tumor marker tissue polypeptide Antigen (TPA) rises distinctly after a surgical trauma. The rise begins between 3 and 6 days after operation; the elevation lasts for more than 6 weeks. Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) shows no comparable reaction.
Management of acute rectal problems in leukemic patients
Authors: Boddie Arthur W. , Bines Steven D.
Published: February 2007

In the interval 1944‐1983, 54 patients with leukemia and acute rectal pathology were seen at our institution, including: 25 patients with perirectal abscesses and/or fistulas (PF/F), 16 patients with acutely prolapsed or thrombosed hemorrhoids, 11 patients with anal fissures with or without hemorrhoids, and 2 patients with perianal excoriations. In the past, concerns have been raised about development of septicemia secondary to diagnostic or therapeutic instrumentation. In only 4 of 54 cases did the clinical course clearly suggest digital examination or instrumentation of the rectum may have caused bacteremia though 13 of 54 patients had positive blood cultures for gram negative organisms at some time during their course of which 7 were clearly coliform. Most (42/54) patients were treated initially by sitz baths, suppositories, and stool softeners and/or antibiotics. We observed five patients only and treated two by radiotherapy. Eleven patients required surgical intervention for thrombosed hemorrhoids and perirectal abscess and/or fistulas. Eight other patients with PA/F drained spontaneously. Poor healing after surgical or spontaneous drainage was documented in only one case. This study suggests that sitz baths, suppositories, antibiotics, and judicious surgical drainage (where needed) form the core of therapy for these patients.
Basal cell carcinoma with lung metastases: A case report
Authors: Icli Fikri , Uluoglu Omer , Yalav Erdogan , Isikman Erdogan
Published: February 2007

Metastases from basal cell carcinoma (BCC) are very rare. Some clinical and histologic features have been demonstrated in these cases without corroborative evidence.

Treatment of these cases has been disappointing. In this article, we report a patient with metastatic BCC who was treated successfully by surgical resection of lung metastases.
Enteral and parenteral nutrition in anorectic patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Lindh Annika , Cedermark Björn , Blomgren Henric , Wasserman Jerzy , Petrini Björn
Published: February 2007

Seventeen patients with advanced, noncurable gastrointestinal cancer with symptoms of anorexia and malnutrition were treated with controlled enteral or total parenteral nutrition over a 3‐week period. Eleven patients received enteral and six parenteral nutrition. The nutrition was given with 30‐40 kcal/kg b.w. daily. No anticancer treatment was given. Before and after the treatment period, the patients were assessed regarding their nutritional, immunological, and performance status.

None of the studied nutritional parameters changed significantly over the 3‐week period and there was no clear indication of an improved lymphocyte reactivity. There was a tendency toward improvement in performance status for the patients on enteral nutrition, while the reverse seemed to be true for the parenteral group. It is concluded that nutritional support may halt the progressive malnutrition often seen in patients with cancer and serve as a palliative treatment in selected patients.
Implantable venous access devices: An alternative method of extended cancer care
Authors: Welling Richard E. , Hall James M. , Meyer Richard L , Arbaugh James J.
Published: February 2007

The advent of totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) is changing the method of treatment for those chronically ill patients who require long‐term chemotherapy or narcotic infusion. TIVADs eliminate the problem of limited peripheral vein access with little risk of complication. At Good Samaritan Hospital in Cincinnati, Ohio, we have implanted 30 TIVADs (3 Infuse‐A‐Ports and 27 Port‐a‐Caths) for a total of 4,502 patient days. This report documents our experience with the implantation and utilization of TIVAD systems.
Leiomyoma of the anal canal: Report of two cases
Authors: Witz Misha , Bernheim Joëlle , Griffel Benjamin , Dinbar Alex
Published: February 2007

Leiomyoma of the rectum and anal canal is an unusual clinical entity. Generally, it does not produce any clinical signs and in most cases it is discovered incidentally in the course of routine rectal examination. The clinical presentation, diagnosis, and surgical treatment are described in two presented cases of anal canal leiomyoma.
Pilomatrix carcinoma
Authors: Chen Karl T. K. , Taylor David R.
Published: February 2007

The clinicopathologic features of two cases of pilomatrix carcinoma are described and compared with those of the 11 previously reported cases. In contrast with its benign counterpart, pilomatrix carcinoma occurs in older patients and there is a male‐predominating sex ratio. The rate of local recurrence is 60%. A single instance of distant metastasis occurred when the tumor recurred locally for the second time. Pilomatrix carcinoma can be accurately diagnosed histologically. The consistent features present in pilomatrix carcinoma but absent in the benign counterpart are increased mitotic activity and cytologic abnormalities including cellular and nuclear enlargement, and vesicular appearance of the nuclei. The primary lesion should be treated aggressively to prevent local recurrence, which may be a factor favoring distant tumor metastasis.
Lung cancer in men aged 40 or younger
Authors: Sarma Deba P. , Byers Virgil J.
Published: February 2007

Twenty‐nine cases of lung cancer occurring in men aged 40 or less were examined at autopsy. Histologic types of cancer and metastatic patterns in this group of patients were similar to those seen in middle‐aged or elderly patients except for a lower occurrence of lymphatic spread in the younger group.
Bilateral ovarian involvement as the only manifestation of malignant lymphoma
Authors: Piura Benjamin , Bar‐David Jury , Glezerman Marek , Zirkin Howard J.
Published: February 2007

A 16‐year‐old girl presented with a large pelvic mass. At laparatomy, bilateral ovarian tumors were disclosed and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy was performed. No evidence of extraovarian disease was found. Histopathological examination and histochemical immunoperoxidase studies demonstrated the tumors to be malignant lymphoma of the lymphoblastic type. The patient had radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy and more than 10 years later she is alive with no evidence of recurrent disease. The rarity of ovarian involvement as the initial manifestation of malignant lymphoma is discussed. The question of whether this patient represents a case of a primary ovarian malignant lymphoma or merely represents a case of ovarian initial manifestation of an occult generalized disease cannot be answered.
Testicular seminomas in saudi arabia: Clinical characteristics, prognostic indicators, and recommendations for management
Authors: Bissada Nabil K. , Senoussi Mohammed El , Hanash Kamal A. , Hefty Thomas , Morcos Rafik
Published: February 2007

Thirty Saudi patients with pure testicular seminoma were treated at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between January 1977 and June 1983. Disease characteristics in Saudi Arabia including clinical findings, response to therapy, and prognosis are described and compared to those in other populations reported in the literature. Symptom durations were 3 to 42 months. Many of the patients presented with an extensive tumor burden and a poor performance status. There was a higher incidence of anaplastic seminoma and of cryptorchidism man in other series and a relatively high incidence of elevated betahuman chorionic gonadotropin (B‐HCG). Patients initially underwent funiculo‐orchiectomy. Twenty‐two patients received radiation therapy and four received chemotherapy. Patients with limited disease responded well to orchiectomy and radiation therapy. However, those‐with extensive tumor burden had an unsatisfactory response to radiation therapy. Preradiation chemotherapy is recommended for 1) patients with massive retro‐peritoneal metastases, nodal disease above the diaphragm, or extranodal disease and 2) patients with minimal or moderate sized retroperitoneal nodal disease associated with an elevated B‐HCG.
Experiments evaluating antitumor immunity induced by cholesterol hemisuccinate‐treated syngeneic cell vaccines
Authors: Rong Guo Huang , Sindelar William F.
Published: February 2007

Evaluation of the efficiency of immunizations with syngeneic tumor vaccines prepared from cells treated with cholesterol hemisuccinate (CHS) was performed in five animal models: P815 mastocytoma in DBA/2 mice, MCA‐103 fibrosarcoma in C57BL/6N mice, L1210 leukemia in DBA/2 mice, Ehrlich ascites carcinoma in C57BL/6N mice, and CBP pancreatic cancer in CB/SsLak hamsters. Animals received two to four weekly intraperitoneal immunizations with 106 or 107 tumor cells, followed by challenges with syngeneic viable tumor cells. Survival and tumor growth rates were observed. No significant differences were observed among animals immunized with CHS‐treated irradiated tumor vaccines, non‐treated irradiated tumor vaccines, and nonimmunized controls in the P815, MCA‐103, L1210, and CBP models. Mice immunized with nontreated irradiated Ehrlich ascites cell vaccines showed longer survival than those immunized with CHS‐treated irradiated cell vaccines and nonimmunized controls. Results indicated that CHS‐treated tumor cell vaccines were not effective in protecting against tumor challenges in five different syngeneic tumor models.
Diagnostics of small gastric carcinoma
Authors: Oiwa Toshio , Mori Masaki , Sugimachi Keizo , Enjoji Munetomo
Published: February 2007

We studied the diagnostic features of 32 early gastric carcinomas less than or equal to 1 cm in maximum diameter, which were detected in 28 patients. A correct preoperative qualitative diagnosis was made in 19% of the lesions by means of barium studies, in 72% by endoscopy, and in 90% by endoscopic biopsy. Endoscopy and endoscopic biopsies are the most useful diagnostics for detection of these small cancers. Since most carcinomas with a diameter between 6 and 10 mm have a mucosal unevenness such as a shallow depression with an irregular perimeter and are associated with or without elevated marginal mucosa on gross inspection, it was not very difficult to detect these carcinomas with careful endoscopic observations. When endoscopists procure such evidence, biopsies should be done for confirmation. Even in ulcers that appear benign, biopsies are recommended. With regard to carcinomas of less than or equal to 5 mm in diameter, it is difficult to detect the lesions, particularly the flat‐type, which make up a relatively large percentage of those minute carcinomas.