bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Serum Electrolyte in Hypothyroid Patients Attending Chitwan Medical College
Authors: Kafle Deepak , Mahato Dilip , Mandal Fuleshwor , Rimal Brishpati , Ranabhat Sabin
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: Hypothyroidism is a clinical condition resulting from inadequate synthesis of the thyroid hormones. Thyroid hormone has an influence on renal hemodynamics, glomerular filtration, as well as the renin angiotensin aldosterone system and renal electrolyte handling. The aim of present study was to find out the serum concentration of electrolytes sodium and potassium in hypothyroid patients attending a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 24th July 2019 to November 30th 2019 at Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. A venous blood sample was collected and T3, T4 and TSH levels were measured by using chemiluminescence technology. Sodium and potassium levels in blood were investigated by ion selective electrode (ISE) method. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS 21 software. RESULTS: In our study parameters (T3, T4 & TSH and Na+) were significant (P<0.05) in hypothyroidism subjects (group II) as compared to control subjects (group I) except for electrolyte potassium which was non-significant at P<0.05. T3 and T4 were found significantly decreased whereas TSH was found elevated in subjects of hypothyroidism (group II) as compared to controls. The level of potassium was within the normal range but it was found not significant as compared to healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS: The study concluded that there was increase in TSH with decrease in T3 and T4 in hypothyroid subjects but the electrolyte sodium was found to be statistically significant.
Serum Bilirubin and Uric Acid Levels in Pan Masala Tobacco Users as Compared to Non-Users
Authors: Pokhrel Buddhi Raj , KC Samjhana , Jayan Archana , Shrestha Jharana , Tamang Binaya , Gautam Narayan , Jha Amit Chandra , Dubey Raju Kumar
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: Pan Masala Tobacco (PMT), consumed in smoke and smokeless form, contains various carcinogenic chemicals and free radicals. Bilirubin and uric acid are said to have both pro- and anti-oxidant activities. In this context, we aimed to compare the serum levels of bilirubin and uric acid between PMT users and non-users. We also wanted to observe the pattern of PMT consumption among the users. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 204 participants were enrolled in this community-based comparative cross-sectional study. The study was conducted in the Ranigaun community, Rupandehi, Nepal, from March 2020 to December 2020 AD for ten months. Serum bilirubin (total, conjugated and unconjugated) and uric acid levels of both PMT users (n = 103) and non-users (n = 101) were measured. MannWhitney U test and Chi-squared analysis were performed. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The majority of PMT users were male (n= 90; 87.3%). Most of them consumed smokeless forms of PMT (n = 64; 62.1%), with tobacco being the most preferred product (n = 42; 40.8%). The average age of PMT users was significantly higher (44 years) than the non-users (38 years). The serum uric acid and bilirubin levels were not significantly different among the PMT users and non-users. CONCLUSIONS: Male consumed more PMT than females. Smokeless tobacco was the most preferred product in the studied area. Serum bilirubin and uric acid levels did not vary significantly between PMT users and non-users.
Stress among Students’ of Dental College in Nepal
Authors: Ghimire Srijana , Singh Jaya Prasad , KC Soni , Poudyal Sunita , Chaulagain Rajib
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: Dentistry is a most stressful profession in the medical field. During the practicum period, most of the dental students feel stressed from internal and external environmental stressors. Therefore, this study was designed to assess the stress among dental students, this will provide applicable insights for further improvement. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A descriptive, cross-sectional research design was used with an online Structure questionnaire to assess stress among the students of dental colleges of Nepal by using dental environmental stress (DES) questionnaire, which was developed by  Garbee et al. Probability Proportionate to the size sampling technique was used to collect the sample. The organized data will be entered by using IBM Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. The data will be further analyzed by using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, median and standard deviation) and inferential statistics. RESULTS: Out of 756 students, 58.7% of the respondents were equal to or greater than 22 years of age. The median age was 22 years. Among them, 78.7% were female. Stress-related to domain, Professional and carrier-related stressor had higher, followed by academic performance and Clinic patient-related stress is mean percentage was 70.43, 69.17 and 61.09, respectively. About 50.3% had moderate levels and 15.3% of respondents had a severe level of stress. There was statically association between stress level with age (p=0.01), first choice of study (p=0.026), academic year (p=<0.001) and current residence (p=<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Professional and carrier-related stressor, academic-related and patient-related stressors are higher in dental students. Severe Levels of stress increased over the academic year and peaked in 5th year. Stress affects student academic as well as professional carrier in the future so minimize the stressor by the institutional level.
Assessment of Knowledge Regarding Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Teachers in Selected Government Schools: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shah Lata Kusum , Kamati Arpana
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuro-developmental disorder that typically first manifest early in childhood and often persist into adulthood which can affect the academic achievement, well-being and social interactions of children. The objective of this study was to assess knowledge about ADHD among the government school teacher and to find the association between ADHD knowledge with their demographic variables. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross section descriptive research design was adopted. A total of 112 numbers of samples were selected from government schools of Janakpurdham, Nepal by use of purposive sampling. The information was collected through the use of the Knowledge Attention Deficit Disorder Scale (KADDS) tool, and subsequently, data were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). RESULTS: The result revealed that 43.8% demonstrated insufficient knowledge, while only 56.2% possessed adequate knowledge. There was significant association of gender and the ADHD knowledge among the government school teachers (p = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient knowledge about ADHD was noted among school teachers, indicating a need for the government to provide targeted training and in-service education in this field.
Knowledge and Behavior Related to Junk Food among Adolescent Students in a Private School: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Shah Poonam , Sah Suman , Kapar Vijay Kumar , Giri Shree Shyam
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: Adolescents are a vulnerable group for developing unhealthy eating habits, especially with the increasing availability of junk food in the market. Private schools, which often provide a comfortable environment and higher income families, may also have an impact on the eating behavior of adolescents. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the knowledge and behavior related to junk food among adolescent students in a private school. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among adolescent students in Shree Phuleshwar Public Secondary English school Kalyanpur, Saptari with the sample drawn from those present during data collection. Following their consent, the respondents were given a self-administered structured questionnaire. Knowledge was graded; mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentage and the chi-square test were used to analyze the data using SPSS 16.0. RESULTS: The participants' mean knowledge score was 5.80, with a standard deviation of 1.26. Similarly, the participants' average practice score was 7.07, with a standard deviation of 1.20.A total of 60 people took part in the study. The findings revealed that 31.7% of the participants possessed good knowledge, 31.7% possessed average knowledge, and 36.7% possessed poor knowledge. In terms of practice, 35.0% of participants did well, while 65.0% did poorly. CONCLUSIONS: The level of knowledge among adolescent students in Kalyanpur school was generally low, with only a small proportion having good knowledge. Similarly, the level of practice was poor, with the majority of participants having poor practice.
Nursing Personnel's Caring Behaviors during End-of-Life Treatment in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sah Shiwani , Dsouza Sugandhi , Dsouza Moses Charles
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: The standard of end-of-life care has become an important indicator of a hospital's general care standards in modern times. Unfortunately, the present nursing standards and level of care provided to patients reaching the end of their lives fall short of what they had hoped for. As a consequence, it's crucial to look at how caregivers demonstrate care. Therefore, this observational study aims to assess the caring behavior towards death and dying among nursing personnels. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The research design adopted for the study was descriptive research design on 50 nursing personals working in the MICU, SICU, CCU, ITUs and wards working at SJMCH, Bangalore. Purposive sampling technique adopted to select nursing personals and participatory approach using observational rating scale during end of life care was used to assess the caring behaviour. The data was analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. RESULTS: The result showed that caring behaviour of nursing personnel during end of life care found to be 58.0% with moderate caring behaviour, 38.0% with good caring behaviour and 4 % with poor caring behavior. There is no statistically significant association of caring behaviour of nursing personnel with the baseline variables like age of staff nurses and patients. CONCLUSIONS: It was found that there was no significant difference between demographic variables and caring behavior in nursing personnel. This study depicts that the caring behaviour of nursing personnel during end of life care was found as 58% with moderate caring behaviour, 38% with good caring behaviour and 4 % with poor caring behaviour.
Factors Associated with Utilization of Modern Family Planning Methods among Married Women of Tharu Community of Madhuwan Municipality in Bardiya District of Nepal
Authors: Chaudhari Aitawari , Gautam Umesh , Dahit Bhuwan , Giri Mahendra
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: The use of modern family planning methods varies by province in Nepal from a low of 37% in Province 4 to a high of 49% in Province 3 There is no previous study has documented on the factors associated with utilization of modern family planning methods among married women of Tharu community in Bardiya district of Nepal, so this study is expected to provide information on influencing factors and hindering factors for utilization of family planning methods and its prevalence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Community based cross-sectional to find out factors associated with utilization of modern family planning method among married women of Tharu community of Madhuwan Municipality in Bardiya district of Nepal. Multistage cluster sampling was adopted. Sample size was calculated as 383. Face-to-face interview technique was adopted to collect data. Chi-square test was applied. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Among all respondents (n=383), the current users of modern family planning methods were 72.3%. More than one fourth (28.7%) of the respondents were currently using sterilization family planning method. DMPA, OCP, Implant, Condom and IUCD current users were 17%, 10.7%, 8.6%, 4.4% and 2.9% respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Finding showed that most of the respondents were using female sterilization FP method which was only available at hospital or camp setting. So, the government should manage such an environment for family planning so that it is easily accessible to every desired couple.
Pattern of Self-medication among Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Sinha Ragni , Chaurasia Lokeshwar , Shah Ram Chandra , Singh Smita , Jha Mina , Adhikari Sunil
Published: April 2023

INTRODUCTION: Self-medication is one of the major emerging health problems. It may lead to many health hazards as well as resistance to antimicrobial agents. Lack of enough report on self-medication in medical students has encouraged to conduct this study. The study aims to find out the pattern, perception and reasons for self-medication in undergraduate medical students. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This descriptive crosssectional study was conducted among undergraduate medical students at Janaki Medical College and Teaching Hospital (JMCTH) from February 2022 to April 2022. A pre-validated questionnaire was used for data collection and was analyzed using SPSS. RESULTS: Total of 134 students participated in this study, with mean age of21.70±1.66 years. 90.3% of students practiced self-medication in last 6 months. Mild nature of disease was the most common reason for self-medication. Fever (65.67%) was the most common cause of self-medication, whereas NSAIDS (45.9%) was most commonly used drugs for self-medication. Pharmacist (52.9%) were the most common source of drug information. Nausea/vomiting (32.09%) was the most common adverse effect experienced by participants. 80.6% thought that selfmedication was a part of self-care. More than one-third had opinion that self-medication was recommended by WHO. CONCLUSIONS: Majority of students practiced self-medication. More than half of them prescribed medication to others. Medical students should be made aware of the harmful effects of self-medication.
Our Experiences in Initiating Implementation of Electives at a Bilawal Medical College, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh Pakistan
Authors: Piryani Rano Mal , Soomro Abdul Ghani , Ahmadani Shahzad , Asif Razia , Shaikh Asiya Parveen
Published: April 2023

Electives supplement to the core curriculum of undergraduate health professions education, thereby enriches personal and professional development of undergraduates in diverse areas. Electives provide an opportunity for transformative learning. This paper describes the implementation of electives at newly established Bilwal Medical College for Boys, a constituent college of Liaquat University of Medical Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. Firstly, concrete policy for electives was developed by health professions educationist. Then Committee for the implementation of electives was constituted. Subsequently, feasible and achievable implementation plan was formulated focusing on the activities to be done before, during and after the placement of students for electives in different departments and process of implementation. The first batch of students studying in fourth year of MBBS attended the electives. With keen involvement of all stakeholders such as, students, faculty, administration, parents and collaborating departments and their faculty, the program was successfully implemented. Thorough supervision and monitoring during placement contributed toward the success of program.
Workforce safety culture, job stress and job satisfaction in an automotive industry
Authors: Bahrami Azar Ghasem , Givehchi Saeed , Vosoughi Sharam
Published: April 2023

Safety culture as an organizational factor has an essential role in preventing occupational injuries and diseases. In this descriptive-analytical study, the relationship between organizational safety culture, job stress and satisfaction has been investigated to have a better understanding of the effect of this organizational factor on employee job stress and satisfaction. Three valid tools, including the Safety culture questionnaire, standard job stress questionnaire (JSQ), and Standard Minnesota Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, were used. The study population consisted of 210 workers working in 13 production halls of an automotive industry who were selected by a simple random sampling method. After data collecting, SPSS software version 22 was used for data analysis, and AMOS software version 24 was used for confirmatory factor analysis. The results show a significant relationship between trained and untrained groups and safety culture (p = 0.002), job stress and education level (p = 0.006), and job satisfaction and education level (p = 0.011). Safety culture score was significantly different in trained and untrained groups (p = 0.002). Factor analysis showed that a workplace with higher safety culture could lead to less job stress and more job satisfaction in employees. Based on the results, safety culture affects job satisfaction and job stress. Also, we found safety and health education is one of the factors affecting safety culture, job satisfaction, and stress. Safety culture could result in less job stress and more job satisfaction in employees. Improving it will improve the safety and health situation and ultimately increase job satisfaction and reduce job stress.
Odabir optimalnog zrakoplova za gašenje požara iz zraka za potrebe federacije Bosne i Hercegovine
Authors: Đuzel Marko
Published: April 2023

Požari su čovječanstvu poznati od njegovog nastanka. Ranije pripisivani nadnaravnim moćima, danas sve više uzrokovani ljudskim faktorom, predstavljaju kriznu situaciju od koje strahuju svi. Veliki materijalni gubici, strah, nemogućnost normalnog funkcioniranja i ljudske žrtve su sastavni dio svakog većeg požara. Proaktivno djelovanje ne može u potpunosti spriječiti požare te se sve više usmjeravaju radnje na reaktivno djelovanje. Gašenje iz zraka je u dosta situacija presudno, tako da se požar u potpunosti ugasi ili se usmjeri u pravcu da zemaljske snage mogu uspješno ugasiti požar. Federacija Bosne i Hercegovine teži formirati svoju jedinicu za gašenje požara iz zraka, što je složen proces koji na kraju daje velike prednosti. Formiranje jedinice i odabir optimalnog zrakoplova su opisani u radu.
Утраченные и обретённые музыкальные жанры, формы и образы, как наследие замечательного композитора Эдуарда Николаевича Артемьева
Authors: Plotnikov I. I.
Published: April 2023

This article discusses listening to music suitable for sound perception and the associated changes in paradigms or ways of thinking that so often occur when we move from visual to auditory perception. The distinction between historically accepted and rejected sounds is used to show how the placement of sounds in our subconscious has shaped the form of listening in life. The experimental music of the 20th century, especially the music and reflections of Eduard Artemyev, opened the doors to our subconsciousness with the synthetics of sound, and at the same time weakened the visual paradigm of intellectual knowledge. In this article, sound perception is considered as a place where artistic practices coincide with certain theoretical problems centered on sound. First, the centrality of sound is considered, and music and sound art are discussed in relation to space. This perception is extracted by looking at contrasting pairs of examples. Pairs consist of an analytical and visual presentation of the main issue of sound-perception. It is an excellent tool for exploring the relationship between philosophy, science, psychology and human cognition. Next, the sound track of the work while listening to outstanding sequences, sound-perception focuses on the specific relationship of the image and the picture. It embodies the state of sounds, when the smallest impact can lead to a radical change in the established order, overcoming the bifurcation point. Non-traditional materials and approaches in music give a new round of development and understanding in contemporary art, prompting a rethinking of what an artistic image could be. Regardless of the artistic picture, which, in turn, the author wanted to convey. This is the key to sound-perception as a tool of knowledge. The article ends with a statement about the need for aesthetic reflection, taking into account the consequences of these profound transformations.
Современное состояние и тенденции развития музыкального образования в Китае
Authors: Feng H. , Zheleznyak V.
Published: April 2023

Music is an integral part of a culture. In China, music appeared about 8000 years ago and developed under the influence of different ethnic groups. There are 56 ethnic groups in China. Due to the geographical environment, customs and other reasons, the music of Chinese ethnic minorities has different characteristics. Ethnic music includes traditional music as well as contemporary music; it includes both Han music and ethnic music. Together with the Han people, ethnic minorities in China have created a rich and colorful musical culture; their folk songs are varied and beautiful. Throughout history, music has been very diverse and has absorbed the musical traditions of the ethnic minorities living around. At the same time, it also integrated into the musical culture of ethnic minorities, gradually forming a rich and colorful Chinese national music. However, under the influence of globalization and the unification of learning processes, traditional music is forgotten, fewer people are interested in it. The issue of the importance of preserving traditional and ethnic music, as well as the current state and development trends of music education in China, will be analyzed in this article. In modern times, however, in order to preserve all the diversity, it needs the support of the state. In the international arena, the need to preserve and develop national music in music education is of great practical importance. Music is also one of the important ways in which China enters the world stage. Therefore, the training of students, schoolchildren and even children is extremely necessary. It is especially important for music teachers themselves, as heirs of culture, to orient students to the rich and colorful folk music of China, to form in the minds of students an understanding of the need to protect the intangible heritage of national culture, and to maintain their enthusiasm for studying national musical culture. The preservation and development of ancient musical traditions is of great historical and practical importance. Secondly, for this, it is necessary to train professionals who could become worthy teachers. Thirdly, at the state level it is necessary to encourage interest in studying the music of different ethnic groups and minorities. One way to increase knowledge about music, as well as interest in it, is through integrated learning. For example, integrating children's literature into music teaching can enrich the curriculum in China, improve students' musical and literary skills, and help children participate more actively in large-capacity music classes.
Музыкальность эстетики М. М. Бахтина в создании актуальной образовательной модели
Authors: Sazina I. V.
Published: April 2023

New educational models will have to respond to the need for a person to preserve himself as a living holistic being and as a person with an “inner Logos” growing spiritually. When there are no “pattern” like the “musical ethos” and “paideia” that are philosophically meaningful in ancient culture, it becomes a matter of theory to create an actual educational model and determine in its space the corresponding “value center” related to the “infinity of the universal culture-creative task”. The article argues that a productive step in this way can be the understanding of the experience in the history of the national school of creating educational models with a pronounced «value center». This is, first of all, the project of the “school of the dialogue of cultures”, defined by the authors (V. S. Bibler) in relation to the ideas of M. M. Bakhtin, and carried out at the end of the 20th century by a circle of humanities scholars and domestic school practices. The author believes the quality of M. M. Bakhtin’s aesthetic terminology is its “musicality” that will help to preserve the practical (project) potential and the ability to inspire the creation of relevant educational models in the new Russian conditions. The corresponding conclusion is drawn from M. M. Bakhtin’s explanation of the “speech genre of lyrics”, based on its musical basis (from the “spirit of music”) and consideration of the concept of “architectonics” in the analysis of music as an art form. The main “value center” in Bakhtin’s textes is a person in the “uniqueness” of his being; and the definition finds its resolution in the “musicality” of thought in the essay “On the Philosophy of Act” when M. M. Bakhtin talks about the “architectonic center of aesthetic vision”. The project of an educational model with such a “value center” (while retaining all the practical significance of real educational procedures, including, as today, in the form of digital educational platforms) appears as a “unity” that affirms: integrity, creativity, authenticity, dialogue, understanding, “participativeness”, “principles of humanitarian thinking” (opening, among other things, opportunities for a better understanding of the terminology by the project executors). The musicality of thinking in the design of an educational model means not only an appeal to human feeling, it implies not only “musical education” in an elementary and formal educational sense, but also refers to one of the key conditions for education and “educationality”, the formation in school everyday life of what Bakhtin formulated as “the architectonic center of aesthetic vision”.
Health Care Evaluation in a Government Agency: Goals, Organization, and Software
Authors: Roos Leslie L. , Payne Heather
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The demands on the Manitoba Health Services Commission to provide timely data to assist government, health boards, planners and service providers have been increasing. Users have wanted a system to provide easy manipulation of data to address questions of cost containment without compromising quality of care, of differences in utilization across areas, and of program evaluation. Such problems are similar across provinces, as are the data sets available to address them—hospital admissions/separations, physician claims, personal care home records, and so forth.

The Manitoba Health Services Commission is setting up an Information Centre to instruct potential end users on data base availability, restrictions on access, software, and so on. Users will be running the Health Applications System (HAS) in combination with the well-known Statistical Analysis System (SAS) to do their own data analysis. Analysts will be able to address issues singled out by Statistics Canada as top priority information needs: health care utilization, hospital morbidity, and mortality. An effort will be made to feed back information to hospitals and providers; the critical task is to use available analytic tools to help provide constructive direction to the health care system.
Fundamental Methodologies in Identifying Values in the Evaluation of Health Programs
Authors: Fulton M. Jane
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The evaluation of programs that deliver medical care begins with a determination of the value a patient places on the outcomes of treatment. This paper describes several strategies drawn from the fields of psychology and economics that identify these values or preferences and attempt to measure them. Techniques for ranking, preference scaling, time-trade-off, and incorporating risk into a measure of utility of a treatment are explored.
An Impact Evaluation of the Edmonton Neighbourhood Foot Patrol Program
Authors: Hornick Joseph P. , Burrows Barbara A. , Phillips Donna M. , Leighton Barry
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This article assesses the success of the Edmonton Neighbourhood Foot Patrol Program (NFPP), an innovative community policing program, in reducing repeat calls-for-service, improving public/user satisfaction with police, and increasing the job satisfaction of NFPP constables. The findings of an impact evaluation indicated that the Edmonton NFPP was successful in terms of these three objectives.
An Evaluation of the Victim/Witness Assistance Program, Ministry of the Attorney General of Ontario
Authors: Jamieson Wanda , Ross R.R.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The Victim/Witness Assistance Program of Ontario provides assistance and support to crime victims and witnesses who are participating in a criminal justice proceeding. Piloted in 1987, the program was carefully monitored by the Ministry of the Attorney General to determine its usefulness to victim/witnesses and its effects on the operating environment of the criminal justice system. This article describes the various evaluation activities during the early stages of the program, and their effects on program development. It then highlights one evaluation tool: a survey of client satisfaction to generate preliminary data on the program’s impact for decision-makers.
The Evaluation of Bill C-67, an Act to Amend the Parole Act and the Penitentiary Act
Authors: Corbeil Ronald C. , Faure Sheila Dohoo , Lemaire Donald
Published: April 2023

Abstract: Bill C-67 introduced the automatic day parole review and detention provisions to the Canadian system of conditional release. This article describes the conditional release system before and after the legislation was enacted. It then details the segmented, phased approach used to evaluate the provisions. For both detention and automatic day parole review, the article relates how the evaluation was planned and implemented, what the findings were, and how they were used. It concludes with some observations about the time span for the evaluations and the effectiveness of the process employed.
Evaluating Parole Supervision: Its Use for Policy and Programs and Implications for Evaluation
Authors: Hudson Joe
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This article reviews evaluations done on the effects of parole supervision. Conclusions are offered on policy and research.
Measuring the Benefits of Risk Reduction in Program Evaluations and Regulatory Impact Assessments
Authors: Smith Douglas A. , Meng Ronald A.
Published: April 2023

Abstract: The risk of death is affected by a wide variety of public policies and regulations. This paper argues that societal willingness to pay for risk reduction should be used in a consistent manner when evaluating programs and regulations affecting the risk of death. We review the conceptual basis for using estimates of willingness to pay for risk reduction and provide new empirical estimates of these magnitudes based on Canadian data. The explicit and consistent measure that we propose can promote both efficiency and equity in the use of society's resources.
Faudrait-il établir le modèle d‘évaluation avant, pendant ou après l‘évaluation d'un programme?
Authors: Gaudreau Louise
Published: April 2023

Abstract: An experimental evaluation of the sexology program was conducted at the University of Quebec at Montreal. Managers of the program, students, teachers, individuals and groups directly or indirectly involved in sexology took part in the evaluation. This article deals with the evaluation model inspired by Hammond, Stake and Tyler. Questions raised at the outset by the institution about the objectives of all its baccalaureate programs and program managers' concerns about meeting the needs of future work situations led to the emergence of this model. Other circumstances did not support the model. The final application of the model is presented. Questions are raised about the fate in program evaluation of models modified during the evaluation process.
The Games Behind the Structure: An Evaluation of the Budgetary Process in the Quebec Health Care System
Authors: Bégin Clermont
Published: April 2023

Abstract: This paper analyses the budgetary process of the Quebec health and social services system from three different perspectives: chronological, i.e. a retrospective longitudinal analysis of its evolution over the last fifteen years; systemic, i.e. a logistical study of the budgetary process defined as an organizational decision-making system; and micro-political, i.e. a strategic analysis of the dynamic behavior of the actors involved in this process. The triangulation of these three approaches helped to evidence the nature and extent of the political gamesmanship taking place within this process and the limits of the budgetary process defined as a rational decision-making system. From a methodological point of view, this research is an illustration of the use of multiple perspectives in the evaluation of complex organizations. Finally, this case study research was used as a basis for assessing the dynamics of the Quebec health and social services system's functioning within the framework of its global evaluation by a commission of enquiry system.
Revisiting HIV/AIDS Theatre: Black and Queer Spatio-Temporalities in Cheryl L. West’s Before It Hits Home
Authors: Duman Çağdaş
Published: April 2023

This article recuperates Cheryl L. West’s domestic drama Before It Hits Home (1991) as a milestone in HIV/AIDS drama. Home is the first full-length play to examine the destructive impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic on the African American community and one of the first HIV/AIDS plays written by an African American woman. Before It Hits Home has not received the scholarly recognition it deserves; this article aims to rectify that neglect with the help of Black studies and queer theory. In particular, the article undertakes an in-depth examination of the play’s overlooked spatio-temporal possibilities, demonstrating that West’s use of juxtapositions and overlaps offers an alternative to white and heteronormative spatio-temporalities. I argue that West’s liberating reconstruction of time and space not only queers white spectatorship but also resists a predominantly white HIV/AIDS canon. Building on Frantz Fanon’s notion of disalienation, I further conclude that West’s theatre destigmatizes the seropositive diagnosis, allowing for emancipatory possibilities.
The Kindness of Strangers: Eugenics and Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire
Authors: Rodriguez Kaitlyn Farrell
Published: April 2023

This article argues that Tennessee Williams’s A Streetcar Named Desire offers a broad critique of eugenic ideology, epitomized in Williams’s choice to end the play with Blanche DuBois’s forced institutionalization. By comparing the published 1947 play with eight distinct draft Streetcar scenes archived at the Harry Ransom Center at the University of Texas at Austin, I recover Williams’s dramatic critiques of the cruelty of twentieth-century American eugenic social policy. Over the course of Streetcar’s drafts, Williams accentuates Blanche’s increasing loss of reproductive and bodily control, emphasizes the stigmatization of her mental health, exposes pervasive eugenic assumptions articulated by Blanche herself, and explores the eugenic potential of a DuBois-Kowalski child born to either Blanche or her sister Stella. This article thus proposes a feminist, anti-eugenic reading of Streetcar attuned to the impact of the sexist, ableist, racist, and classist rhetoric of the American eugenics movement on the play and then-contemporary US social policy.
Martin Revermann. Brecht and Tragedy: Radicalism, Traditionalism, Eristics
Authors: Turley Elliott
Published: April 2023

Brecht and Tragedy gives a genealogical account of Brecht’s engagement with tragedy and uses tragedy as a lens to analyse several Brechtian works and ideas. Exhaustively researched, it is valuable both for its detailed work on Brecht and tragedy and its analysis of Brecht’s theatre more broadly.
Dynamics of the number of Chuvash speakers on the basis of the 2002–2021 Russian population censuses
Authors: Alos-i-Font Ektor
Published: April 2023

The situation of the Chuvash language in the Russian Federation is presented in the light of the 2020 population census. The aim of the study is to understand whether the tempos of the language shift have changed compared to the previous decade. For the sake of comparison, the process of ethnic assimilation of the Chuvash population is also studied. The differences between the five regions with the highest concentration of Chuvash speakers are analyzed, and the position of Chuvash in Chuvashia is contrasted with the one of the official languages in the other five republics of the Volga Federal District. Research results. The analysis shows a serious deterioration in the quality of the 2020 census data compared to previous ones. This problem is partially solved by weighting them. The results show an average annual decline of about three percent of Chuvash speakers at both the Federation and Chuvashia levels throughout the 2010–2020 decade. This represents a doubling of the rate in comparison to the previous intercensal period. This degree of language shift is similar to that observed for Chuvash in Tatarstan and Bashkortostan, but lower than in the Ulyanovsk and Samara regions. The other official languages of the District have drops in the number of speakers in their respective republics similar to those of Chuvash in Chuvashia, including Tatar in Tatarstan. An apparent exception is Bashkir, but the data also indicate serious issues for the languages of Bashkortostan.
Implementation of Anti-Corruption Education of the PKn Subjects in Project Citizen-Based Learning
Authors: Abdurohim Nandang , Abdurrohman Mumu , Ali Hapid , Nazar Reza Fauzi
Published: April 2023

This study aims to describe the implementation of anti-corruption education through project-based citizen learning on The Citizenship Education (PKn) subjects. The research design uses qualitative research focusing on the case study method at MA of Sunan Rahmat in Garut. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of anti-corruption education has been completed with learning activities to analyze problems related to corrupt behavior in the presentation of panels which consist of several activity sections, namely; Problem analysis, alternative policies, proposing solutions, planning activities. The approach of these activities is aimed at growing students in improving some spirits of good behavior and attitudes (good character) which consist of being honest, caring, disciplined, helping each other, determination, humility, hard work, having social intelligence, and being responsible.
HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE POST-SINOVAC VACCINE IN COMMUNITIES IN TAMPAN DISTRICT AND MARPOYAN DISTRICT, PEKANBARU CITY
Authors: Sari Seftika , Octavia Rickha , Sukista Novelia
Published: April 2023

Giving the Sinovac vaccine for Covid 19 can cause several side effects. The existence of side effects that occur, of course, affect their lives, including a decrease in activity, productivity and quality of life. This study aims to determine the HRQoL score in the community after the Sinovac vaccine in Tampan District and Marpoyan District, Pekanbaru City. The research method is analytic observational with a cross-sectional design. The research sample was people who received the first vaccine recorded at the Puskesmas in Tampan District and Marpoyan District, Pekanbaru City, which was selected by purposive sampling technique according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and obtained a sample of 100 respondents. The instrument is a questionnaire EQ5D5L and EQ-VAS. The study results showed that there was little problem with the dimensions of pain (37%) and usual activities (14%), with a score of 0,944 (EQ5D5L) and 0,975 (EQ-VAS). In conclusion, the HRQoL scores on EQ5D5L and EQ-VAS are close to 1, which means close to perfect. This research is expected to be a reference for stakeholders in selecting preventive therapy for Covid 19 and can be used as initial data for cost-utility analysis research.
HPLC DETERMINATION OF BENZOXAZOLINONE ON JERUJU PLANT (ACANTHUS ILICIFOLIUS): NARRATIVE REVIEW
Authors: Salamah Nurul Umi , Hidayat Imron Wahyu , Kusuma Tiara Mega , Rahayu Heni Setyowati Esti , Pribadi Prasojo
Published: April 2023

Mangrove plants in Indonesia are the largest in the world, both in terms of area quantity (+42,550 km2) and number of species (+45 species). Mangroves are a diverse group of salt tolerant plants that grow in intertidal tropical and subtropical forests and represent a rich biodiversity of plants, animals and microorganisms. Acanthus ilicifolius is one of the true mangrove plants which is used as medicine. This literature review aims to determine the study of benzoxazolinone compounds in jeruju plants (Acanthus ilicifolius) from previous studies and to determine the methods, plant parts and solvents used. The literature review method related to the jeruju plant (Acanthus ilicifolius) uses an electronic data base google scholar. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy analysis method is one of the spectroscopic methods widely used in previous studies, because NMR spectroscopy is useful in determining the structure of a chemical compound, both proton (1H) and carbon (13C) NMR. Jeruju leaf extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, phenyletanoid glycosides and coumarin compounds. The methanol fraction of jeruju leaf extract has a pharmacological effect to inhibit edema (inflammation). The extraction method used is maceration, because this method is simple method and most widely used. Meanwhile, the solvents that are more widely used are methanol and ethanol solvents.
Penerapan Teori Nilai Ekstrim dalam Pemodelan Risiko Investasi Pasar Negara Berkembang
Authors: Situmeang Radian Januari
Published: April 2023

Pasar negara berkembang memiliki risiko yang besar. Hal tersebut diakibatkan karena ketidakstabilan ekonomi dan politik negara berkembang. Mengetahui keakuratan ukuran risiko investasi sangat bermanfaat untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan investor terutama jika ingin berinvestasi dalam pasar negara berkembang seperti Argentina, Brazil, Meksiko, Indonesia, India, dan Korea. Karakter dari data pengembalian investasi pasar negara berkembang diselidiki. Pemodelan risiko pengembalian investasi dilakukan menggunakan metode Peaks Over Threshold (POT). Ukuran risiko yang digunakan adalah perhitungan nilai VaR dari masing-masing model sebagai acuan tingkat profitabilitas dan tingkat kerugian investasi pada masing-masing negara
Рівень фібронектину в сироватці крові хворих з артеріальною гіпертензією
Authors: Mogylnytska L. A. , Mankovsky B. N.
Published: April 2023

Вивчали вміст фібронектину в сироватці крові хворих з артеріальною гіпертензією (АГ) як маркера ендотеліальної дисфункції, взаємозв’язок цього фактора з ендотелійзалежною дилатацією та іншими факторами ризику серцево-судинної патології. Обстежено 68 хворих з АГ та 18 осіб контрольної групи. Рівень фібронектину визначали імуноферментним методом. Ендотелійзалежну дилатацію вимірювали за стандартною методикою Целлеймайера. Виявлено підвищення вмісту фібронектину в сироватці крові пацієнтів з АГ порівняно з контролем – (336,48 ± 71,73) пмоль/мл та (222,66 ± 36,93) пмоль/мл відповідно (Р < 0,05). Встановлено також кореляційний зв’язок між рівнем фібронектину та ендотелійзалежною дилатацією, інсуліну й індексом НОМА, основними показниками ліпідного та вуглеводного обміну, індексом маси тіла (Р < 0,05). Встановлено, що АГ супроводжується підвищенням вмісту фібронектину в сироватці крові та порушенням ендотелійзалежної дилатації, що може бути проявом ендотеліальної дисфункції при цьому патологічному стані. Підвищенням рівня фібронектину у хворих з АГ пов’язане з інсулінорезистентністю, дисліпідемією, гіперглікемією та ожирінням.
Психоэмоциональное напряжение – один из основных факторов повышения внутриглазного давления и развития глаукомы
Authors: Veselovskaya N. N . , Veselovskaya Z. F. , Zherebko I. B.
Published: April 2023

В статье приведены результаты многоплановых исследований по изучению влияния характера профессиональной деятельности в условиях комплексного воздействия медико-биологических факторов на развитие глаукомы. По данным анализа гигиенических, клинических, офтальмологических и биохимических исследований, установлено, что  профессиональная деятельность, которая сопровождается значительным психоэмоциональным напряжением, является одним из основных факторов  повышения внутриглазного давления и развития глаукомы.
pH влагалищного секрета в определении типа влагалищной микробиоты и прогнозировании осложнений гестации
Authors: Nagorna V. F. , Moskalenko T. Y. , Gritsenko A. A.
Published: April 2023

Проспективно обследовано 123 беременных в I, II и III триместрах беременности с целью выяснения информативности показателя рН влагалищного секрета для характеристики влагалищного биотопа и связи его с осложнениями гестации. Применены цитологический, стандартные микробиологические методы, полимерная цепная реакция в реальном времени, измерение рН влагалищного секрета тест-полосками. Выделено по уровню рН (< 4,0 – >5,5) пять типов влагалищной микробиоты, показана связь значения рН с количественной характеристикой микрофлоры, содержанием эстрадиола, осложнениями гестации, воспалительными заболеваниями общесоматического характера, нестойкую связь с количеством лейкоцитов в мазках. Авторы рекомендуют рН влагалищного секрета для характеристики влагалищного биотопа во время беременности и прогнозирования осложнений гестации.
Питання безпеки хворих у системі забезпечення якості надання медичної допомоги
Authors: Serdyuk A. M. , Ryhan M. M. , Naumenko O. M. , Asaulyuk I. K. , Skaletskyy Yu. M.
Published: April 2023

З урахуванням міжнародного, регіонального досвіду та деяких країн з управління якістю медичної допомоги і запобігання негативним наслідкам діяльності в медичній сфері висвітлено проблеми безпеки хворих в Україні. Виявлено значне відставання національної системи охорони здоров'я з впровадження сучасних стратегій формування безпечного лікарняного середовища. Запропоновано підходи, що можут сприяти мінімізації ризиків для хворих у вітчизняних лікувально-профілактичних установах.
Arterial stiffness as a risk factor for arterial hypertension
Authors: Knyazkova І. І. , Bogun M. V. , Kuzmіnova N. V. , Zhadan A. V.
Published: April 2023

The study of the role of central aortic pressure and vascular rigidity in the patients with arte- rial hypertension is an exciting prospect both from scientific and practical points of view. In the survey presented, the mechanisms of the increased arterial stiffness in the patients with arterial hypertension and the clinical data on the evaluation of the interaction between central aortic pressure and the risk of complications in cardiovascular pathology are considered. The evaluation of central blood pressure offers new challenges and additional opportunities for risk stratification for development of cardiovascular complications in young and middle-aged patients, as well as for the evaluation of the effectiveness of antihypertensive drugs.
Особенности обмена тиреоидных гормонов в зависимости от С/Т полиморфизма гена DIO 1 и PRO197leu полиморфизма гена GPX1 у больных с метаболическим синдромом
Authors: Abramova N. O. , Pashkovska N. V.
Published: April 2023

Тиреоидные гормоны принимают участие в регуляции многих физиологических процессов в организме, поэтому изучение процесса их синтеза и его нарушений является особенно важным. Нами исследовано С/Т полиморфизм гена dIo1 и Pro197Leu полиморфизм гена gPX1 у 102 больных с метаболическим синдромом. При анализе полученных данных обнаружено, что носительство Т-аллели гена dIo1 и Leu-аллели гена gPX1 ассоцииро- вано со снижением продукции сТ , увеличением уровня сТ, снижением соотношения сТ /сТ и суммарного тиреоидного индекса. Носительство Т-аллели гена dIo1 и Leu-аллели гена gPX1 связано с нарушением метаболизма тиреоидных гормонов.