bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of clinical features associated with primary ciliary dyskinesia in a heterotaxy population: results of a web-based survey
Authors: Shapiro Adam J. , Tolleson-Rinehart Sue , Zariwala Maimoona A. , Knowles Michael R. , Leigh Margaret W.
Published: June 2014

Primary ciliary dyskinesia and heterotaxy are rare but not mutually exclusive disorders, which result from cilia dysfunction. Heterotaxy occurs in at least 12.1% of primary ciliary dyskinesia patients, but the prevalence of primary ciliary dyskinesia within the heterotaxy population is unknown. We designed and distributed a web-based survey to members of an international heterotaxy organisation to determine the prevalence of respiratory features that are common in primary ciliary dyskinesia and that might suggest the possibility of primary ciliary dyskinesia. A total of 49 members (25%) responded, and 37% of the respondents have features suggesting the possibility of primary ciliary dyskinesia, defined as (1) the presence of at least two chronic respiratory symptoms, or (2) bronchiectasis or history of respiratory pathogens suggesting primary ciliary dyskinesia. Of the respondents, four completed comprehensive, in-person evaluations, with definitive primary ciliary dyskinesia confirmed in one individual, and probable primary ciliary dyskinesia identified in two others. The high prevalence of respiratory features compatible with primary ciliary dyskinesia in this heterotaxy population suggests that a subset of heterotaxy patients have dysfunction of respiratory, as well as embryonic nodal cilia. To better assess the possibility of primary ciliary dyskinesia, heterotaxy patients with chronic oto-sino-respiratory symptoms should be referred for a primary ciliary dyskinesia evaluation.
INTRODUCTION: ENGLISH IN INDIA, INDIA IN ENGLAND
Authors: Gibson Mary Ellis
Published: June 2014

As we planned this special issueofVictorian Literature and Culture, the editors ofVLCand I engaged in a lively exchange – what title could capture such a sprawling arena of concern?Victorian Indiaseemed short and sweet. And yet one must ask, which Victorian India? Whose Victorian India? Do we mean India and Indians in the British Isles? British traders, soldiers, and administrators in Britain or Indian subjects across the subcontinent? What about an imagined Britain in India? An imagined India in Britain? The essays collected here represent varied answers to these questions. They also chart the recent parameters of what Albert Pionke calls in his essay “the epistemological problem of British India.” Before returning succinctly to the baker's dozen articles assembled here – for readers will want to encounter them without unnecessary commentary – I turn to the conjoined issues animating both these essays and much recent work on British imperialism: issues of historiography and epistemology.
LITTLE HENRY'S BURDENS: COLONIZATION, CIVILIZATION, CHRISTIANITY, AND THE CHILD
Authors: Mascarenhas Kiran
Published: June 2014

The History of Little Henry and His Bearer(1814), an Evangelical tract, was published on the heels of the Charter Act of 1813, an act of Parliament of the United Kingdom that introduced more regulation of the East India Company and legalized missionary work in India. The act implicitly rationalized expanding British dominance, invoking the moral mission to save the heathen.Little Henrycaptures this zeitgeist and was received enthusiastically by a readership newly interested in additional imperial expansion as a means of bringing civilization to the colonial world (Regaignon 89).
EDITH MATURIN AND THE WIDE WORLD MAGAZINE: NEW WOMAN REWRITINGS OF IMPERIAL ADVENTURE
Authors: Cordell Sigrid Anderson
Published: June 2014

In a telling moment in the 1899 account of her life in India, Edith Maturin describes fighting off a potential attacker who attempts to enter her bedroom in the middle of the night. Because she is staying overnight in a remote cabin, she has only the nominal protection of “the Government-chosen khansamah [head servant] and chokey-dar [watchman]” (364). Lying awake, she looks up to find “a huge black man” peering in through the door with an “odiously fiendish expression” (364). Having anticipated such an attack, she is armed with her son's pop gun, and when she spots the intruder, she scares him away by firing it off: “I sat up, took the pistol, and pointed it at him. He saw me distinctly, and ducked as I fired. Then away he went! I put another cap in the toy pistol, and, running to the door, opened it, and fired again and again” (“Chamba Cinderella” 364) (Figure 21).
BETWEEN TWO WORLDS: RACIAL IDENTITY IN ALICE PERRIN'S THE STRONGER CLAIM
Authors: Makala Melissa Edmundson
Published: June 2014

Like many Anglo-Indian novelists of her generation, Alice Perrin (1867–1934) gained fame through the publication and popular reception of several domestic novels based in India and England. However, within the traditional Anglo-Indian romance plot, Perrin often incorporated subversive social messages highlighting racial and cultural problems prevalent in India during the British Raj. Instead of relying solely on one-dimensional, sentimental British heroes and heroines, Perrin frequently chose non-British protagonists who reminded her contemporary readers of very real Anglo-Indian racial inequalities they might wish to forget. In The Stronger Claim (1903), Perrin creates a main character who has a mixed-race background, but who, contrary to prevailing public opinion of the time, is a multi-dimensional, complex, and perhaps most importantly, sympathetic character positioned between two worlds. Even as Victorian India was coming to an end, many of the problems that had plagued the British Raj intensified in the early decades of the twentieth century. Perrin's novel is one of the earliest attempts to present a sympathetic and heroic mixed-race protagonist, one whose presence asked readers to question the lasting negative effects of race relations and racial identity in both India and England.
THEREALBAYADÈRE MEETS THE BALLERINA ON THE WESTERN STAGE
Authors: Engelhardt Molly
Published: June 2014

The oriental ballet is typicallyassociated with modern dance, Russia, and the nonpareil dancers Vaslav Nijinsky, Michel Fokine, Anna Pavlova, and Ruth St. Denis. One of the most excerpted of all classical ballets and considered the first example of the abstract form in modern dance is the “Kingdom of the Shades” sequence in Marius Petipa'sLa Bayadère, featuring thirty-two ghosts of Hindu temple dancers dressed in white entering the stage one by one with a simple arabesque cambre. What people often forget is thatLa Bayadèrewas a huge sensation in Europe during the romantic ballet years – the 1830s and 40s – 50 plus years before the Ballets Russes and a full generation before Petipa's 1877 production, which most assume to be the ballet's original. This and other grand operas and ballets of its kind –Lalla Rookh,Les Orientales,Le Corsair,La Peri,La Paquita,Revolt of the Harem– took romanticism beyond the pale in terms of visual extravagance; elaborate water systems were installed to depict bathing scenes and shipwrecks, and live horses and elephants brought onto the stage to add verisimilitude to the Eastern spectacle.
Microanalysis of Thermal-Induced Changes at the Resin–Dentin Interface
Authors: Toledano Manuel , Aguilera Fátima S. , Osorio Estrella , Cabello Inmaculada , Osorio Raquel
Published: June 2014

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of two dentin adhesive systems to induce remineralization in the bonded dentin interface afterin vitrothermo-cycling. Dentin surfaces were treated with two different adhesive approaches: (1) 37% phosphoric acid (PA) plus an “etch-and-rinse” dentin adhesive (single bond, SB) (PA+SB) or (2) application of a “self-etch” dentin adhesive (Clearfil SE bond, SEB). Three groups were established: (i) 24 h or (ii) 3 m storage, and (iii) specimens submitted to thermal cycling (100,000 cy/5 and 55ºC). Atomic force microscopy imaging/nanoindentation, Raman spectroscopy/cluster analysis with dye-assisted confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) evaluation and Masson’s trichrome staining assessments were implemented for characterization. Thermo-cycling increased nanohardness in PA+SB at the hybrid layer (HL) and in SEB at the bottom of the HL (BHL). Young’s modulus increased at both the HL and BHL in SEB and at the HL in PA+SB, after thermal stress. Cluster analysis demonstrated an augmentation of the mineral–matrix ratio in thermo-cycled specimens. CLSM showed a decrease of both micropermeability and nanoleakage after thermo-cycling in PA+SB, and were completely absent in SEB. Trichrome staining reflected a scarce demineralized front in PA+SB after thermo-cycling and total remineralization in SEB.
MODELLING OF RESISTIVE PULSE SENSING: FLEXIBLE METHODS FOR SUBMICRON PARTICLES
Authors: WILLMOTT G. R. , SMITH B. G.
Published: June 2014

Nanopore science, the study of individual nanoscale pores within thin membranes, is a fast-growing field which presents numerous interesting problems for physicists and applied mathematicians. Nanopores are most commonly applied to resistive pulse sensing (RPS) of individual particles suspended in aqueous electrolyte. The form of a resistive pulse is dependent on an array of experimental variables, including electrolyte characteristics, electrophoretic and convective transport, and (especially) pore and particle geometry. The level of analysis required depends on the application, but any broadly useful approach should be simple and flexible, due to the requirement for high data throughput and variations between different experimental systems and specimens. Here we review analytic methods for interpreting RPS experiments for particles in the approximate range 100 nm to 1 $\def \xmlpi #1{}\def \mathsfbi #1{\boldsymbol {\mathsf {#1}}}\let \le =\leqslant \let \leq =\leqslant \let \ge =\geqslant \let \geq =\geqslant \def \Pr {\mathit {Pr}}\def \Fr {\mathit {Fr}}\def \Rey {\mathit {Re}}\mu $m, focusing on calculation of resistance change as a function of the particle’s position. We detail a recently developed semi-analytical model and compare the modelled electric field with finite element results. The model can also be used to calculate particle motion, so that the experimental current–time history can be reconstructed. This approach is useful for a wide range of pore and particle geometries, and includes consideration of entrance effects. Tunable elastomeric pores with truncated linear cone geometry are used as a model system.
Embedding organizational arrangements: towards a general model
Authors: MÉNARD CLAUDE
Published: June 2014

Notwithstanding its major contributions, the ‘Williamsonian’ branch of New Institutional Economics suffers from black holes that recent developments have pinpointed. Rather than taking stock, this paper capitalizes on some of these developments to look ahead. Section 2 provides a reminder of the hard core of transaction cost economics (TCE) with an emphasis on problems that TCE has allowed to identify, particularly the richness of organizational arrangements, an issue that needs further investigation. Section 3 discusses how to better understand the embedment of organizational arrangements in their institutional environment. The concept of ‘meso-institutions’ is introduced as a mean to capture mechanisms providing the needed interface. Section 4 considers another neglected dimension that requires renewed attention: the interactions of organizational arrangements with technologies that partially define their setting. This paper proposes a roadmap to explore this issue, based on an ongoing research developed around the key concept of ‘criticality’. Section 5 concludes.
From stress to psychosis: whom, how, when and why?
Authors: Mondelli V.
Published: June 2014

The role of stress in precipitating the onset and relapse of psychosis has been now widely recognised. Over the past decade, the major challenge of research in this field has been to elucidate the biological mechanisms involved in the interaction between stress and psychosis onset. Obvious focus of this research has been the study of biological systems involved in the stress response. I will here briefly discuss the current evidence of abnormalities in stress biomarkers, such as cortisol and inflammatory markers, in patients with psychosis and their possible clinical implications. Stress biomarkers appear to hold strong potential as predictors of psychosis as well as of clinical outcome, and may represent optimal targets for the development of novel therapeutic agents for psychosis.
How much does mental health discrimination cost: valuing experienced discrimination in relation to healthcare care costs and community participation
Authors: Evans-Lacko S. , Clement S. , Corker E. , Brohan E. , Dockery L. , Farrelly S. , Hamilton S. , Pinfold V. , Rose D. , Henderson C. , Thornicroft G. , McCrone P.
Published: June 2014

Aims.

This study builds on existing research on the prevalence and consequences of mental illness discrimination by investigating and quantifying the relationships between experienced discrimination and costs of healthcare and leisure activities/social participation among secondary mental health service users in England.

Methods.

We use data from the Mental Illness-Related Investigations on Discrimination (MIRIAD) study (n = 202) and a subsample of the Viewpoint study (n = 190). We examine experiences of discrimination due to mental illness in the domains of personal relationships, community activities, and health care, and how such experienced discrimination relates to patterns of service use and engagement in leisure activities.

Results.

Our findings show that the cost of health services used for individuals who reported previous experiences of discrimination in a healthcare setting was almost twice as high as for those who did not report any discrimination during the last 12 months (Relative Risk: 1.73; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.39, 2.17) and this was maintained after controlling for symptoms and functioning. Experienced discrimination in healthcare (Relative Risk: 0.83; 95% CI: 0.81, 0.84) or in relationships (Relative Risk: 0.89; 95% CI: 0.87, 0.91), however, was associated with lower participation in, and hence lower costs of, leisure activities. Individuals who reported any discrimination in a healthcare setting had, on average, £434 higher costs associated with health service use while reported discrimination in the community was associated with increased leisure costs of £32.

Conclusions.

These findings make an important initial step towards understanding the magnitude of the costs of mental health-related discrimination.
Assessing the Flynn Effect in the Wechsler Scales
Authors: Beaujean Alexander , Sheng Yanyan
Published: June 2014

The current study examined the Flynn Effect (i.e., the increase in IQ scores over time) across all editions of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC), and Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). By reverse engineering the correlation and scale score transformations from each Wechsler edition’s technical manual, we made a mean and covariance matrix using the subtests and age groups that were in common for all editions of a given instrument. The results indicated that when aggregated, there was a FE of 0.44 IQ points/year. This Wechsler instrument used, however, moderates the FE, with the WISC showing the largest FE (0.73 IQ points/year) and the WAIS showing a smallest FE (0.30 IQ points/year). Moreover, this study found that the amount of invariant indicators across instruments and age groups varied substantially, ranging from 51.53% in the WISC for the 7-year-old group to 10.00% in the WPPSI for the 5- and 5.5-year-old age groups. Last, we discuss future direction for FE research based on these results.
Perfectionism and Negative Affect After Repeated Failure
Authors: Stoeber Joachim , Schneider Natalia , Hussain Rimi , Matthews Kelly
Published: June 2014

Perfectionists have shown increased negative affect after failure compared to nonperfectionists. However, little is known about how perfectionists react to repeated failure. This study investigated the effects of two forms of perfectionism – self-oriented perfectionism and socially prescribed perfectionism – on 100 university students’ reactions to repeated failure (versus repeated success) examining three negative emotions: anxiety, depression, and anger. Results showed that socially prescribed perfectionism predicted increased anxiety, depression, and anger after initial failure and further increased anger after repeated failure. In contrast, self-oriented perfectionism predicted increased anxiety, but only after repeated failure. The findings suggest that both self-oriented and socially prescribed perfectionism are vulnerability factors predisposing individuals to react with increased negative affect after repeated failure.
Personality Disorder Traits as a Moderator of Poor Social Problem-Solving Skills and Depressive Symptoms
Authors: Sheets Erin , Kraines Morganne
Published: June 2014

This investigation examined whether Cluster B and Cluster C personality disorder symptoms moderate the relationship between social problem-solving skills and depressive symptoms. Participants were 102 young adults, assessed for personality disorder traits and depressive symptoms. Participants completed a novel performance-based assessment and a self-report measure of social problem-solving skills. Multiple regression models indicated that at moderate to lower levels of personality pathology, social problem-solving deficits were associated with depressive symptoms, whereas at higher levels of personality pathology there was not a similar relationship. These findings highlight the importance of both social problem-solving approaches and personality characteristics in understanding the complex network of risk factors for depression.
Individual Differences in the Name Similarity Effect
Authors: Howard Daniel J. , Kerin Roger A.
Published: June 2014

The name similarity effect is the tendency to like people, places, and things with names similar to our own. Although many researchers have examined name similarity effects on preferences and behavior, no research to date has examined whether individual differences exist in susceptibility to those effects. This research reports the results of two experiments that examine the role of self-monitoring in moderating name similarity effects. In the first experiment, name similarity effects on brand attitude and purchase intentions were found to be stronger for respondents high, rather than low, in self-monitoring. In the second experiment, the interactive effect observed in the first study was found to be especially true in a public (vs. private) usage context. These findings are consistent with theoretical expectations of name similarity effects as an expression of egotism manifested in the image and impression management concerns of high self-monitors.
1H-NMR metabonomics study of the therapeutic mechanism of total alkaloids and ajmalicine from Rauvolfia verticillata in spontaneously hypertensive rats
Authors: Feng Min , Zhao Min , Wang Yinan , Xu Shiyi , Wang Miao , Zhao Chunjie
Published: June 2014

The total alkaloids extracted fromRauvolfia verticillatahave been developed into drugs-Verticil to treat hypertension.
AuPd/polyaniline as the anode in an ethylene glycol microfluidic fuel cell operated at room temperature
Authors: Arjona N. , Palacios A. , Moreno-Zuria A. , Guerra-Balcázar M. , Ledesma-García J. , Arriaga L. G.
Published: June 2014

AuPd/polyaniline was used for the first time, for ethylene glycol electrooxidation in a microfluidic fuel cell operated at room temperature.
DPDS–DPS in situ transformation at room temperature via a 1,2-nucleophilic addition mechanism
Authors: De la Pinta Noelia , Caballero Ana B. , Madariaga Gotzon , Ezpeleta José M. , Rodriguez-Dieguez Antonio , Salas Juan M. , Cortés Roberto
Published: June 2014

A cleavage–reorganization reaction at room temperature has been detected in three metal organic coordination compounds synthesized from a DPDS [di(4-pyridyl)disulphide] ligand: Mn(NCS)2(DPS)4 (1), [Fe(NCS)2(DPS)2]·2H2O (2) and Zn(NCO)2(DPS) (3), [DPS = di(4-pyridyl)sulphide].
Template-free solvothermal synthesis of WO3/WO3·H2O hollow spheres and their enhanced photocatalytic activity from the mixture phase effect
Authors: Liu Yang , Li Qi , Gao Shian , Shang Jian Ku
Published: June 2014

A WO3–WO3·H2O mixture phase hollow sphere photocatalyst created through a template-free process demonstrated enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity.
Synthesis of rare earth doped yttrium–vanadate nanoparticles encapsulated within apoferritin
Authors: Harada Tomoaki , Yoshimura Hideyuki
Published: June 2014

Luminescent europium and dysprosium doped yttrium–vanadate nanoparticles were synthesized in the cavity of apoferritin.
Exploring the mechanism of the hydroboration of alkenes by amine–boranes catalysed by [Rh(xantphos)]+
Authors: Johnson Heather C. , Torry-Harris Rebecca , Ortega Laura , Theron Robin , McIndoe J. Scott , Weller Andrew S.
Published: June 2014

The [Rh(xantphos)]+fragment acts as an effective catalyst for the hydroboration of the alkene TBE (tert-butyl ethene) using the amine–borane H3B·NMe3at low (0.5 mol%) catalyst loadings to give the linear product.
Facile synthesis of organic–inorganic layered nanojunctions of g-C3N4/(BiO)2CO3as efficient visible light photocatalyst
Authors: Zhang Wendong , Sun Yanjuan , Dong Fan , Zhang Wei , Duan Shuo , Zhang Qin
Published: June 2014

2D g-C3N4/(BiO)2CO3organic–inorganic nanojunctions were constructed byin situdepositing (BiO)2CO3nanoflakes on the surface of g-C3N4nanosheets for highly active visible light photocatalysis.
Enhancing covalent mechanochemistry in bulk polymers using electrospun ABA triblock copolymers
Authors: Ramirez A. L. Black , Schmitt A. K. , Mahanthappa M. K. , Craig S. L.
Published: June 2014

The mechanochemical activation of covalent bonds in bulk polymers is often characterized by low conversions. Here we report that the activation of gem-dibromocyclopropane (gDBC) mechanophores embedded in a poly(1,4-butadiene) (PB) is enhanced when a central gDBC-PB block is flanked by two polystyrene (PS) end blocks in an ABA-type triblock architecture. Electrospinning the PS-(gDBC)PB-PS leads to even greater activation in aligned fiber mats under tension.
Analysis of mass dependent and mass independent selenium isotope variability in black shales
Authors: Pogge von Strandmann Philip A. E. , Coath Christopher D. , Catling David C. , Poulton Simon W. , Elliott Tim
Published: June 2014

The measurement of selenium isotope ratios is of increasing interest for understanding redox conditions in present and past surface environments.
Wireless EWOD/DEP chips powered and controlled through LC circuits and frequency modulation
Authors: Wu Sung-Yueh , Hsu Wensyang
Published: June 2014

This paper presents novel wireless EWOD/DEP chips that are wirelessly powered and controlled through LC circuits with one-to-many transmitter–receiver coupling.
Marangoni self-propelled capsules in a maze: pollutants ‘sense and act’ in complex channel environments
Authors: Zhao Guanjia , Pumera Martin
Published: June 2014

Autonomous self-propelled millimeter sized capsules can sense the presence of pollutants, mark sites for visible identification and remove the contamination while navigating in a maze.
Study on the interaction characteristics of dexamethasone sodium phosphate with bovine serum albumin by spectroscopic technique
Authors: Wang Qian , Liu Xuyang , Su Ming , Shi Zhihong , Sun Hanwen
Published: June 2014

The interaction of dexamethasone sodium phosphate (DEX-P) with bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied by fluorescence quenching in combination with UV-Vis spectroscopic method under near physiological conditions.
Quasi-3D gold nanoring cavity arrays with high-density hot-spots for SERS applications via nanosphere lithography
Authors: Ho Chi-Chih , Zhao Ke , Lee Tze-Yang
Published: June 2014

A simple and robust NSL fabrication for generating nanoring cavity arrays with high density hot spots.
Label-free, in situ SERS monitoring of individual DNA hybridization in microfluidics
Authors: Qi Ji , Zeng Jianbo , Zhao Fusheng , Lin Steven Hsesheng , Raja Balakrishnan , Strych Ulrich , Willson Richard C. , Shih Wei-Chuan
Published: June 2014

We present label-free,in situmonitoring of individual DNA hybridization in microfluidics.
The slow magnetic relaxation regulated by ligand conformation of a lanthanide single-ion magnet [Hex4N][Dy(DBM)4]
Authors: Sun Wen-Bin , Yan Bing , Zhang Yi-Quan , Wang Bing-Wu , Wang Zhe-Ming , Jia Jun-Hua , Gao Song
Published: June 2014

A crystallographically independent Dy(iii) SIM with two relaxation processes due to the disorder of ligands beyond the first coordination sphere.
Cyclodextrin-adamantane conjugates, self-inclusion and aggregation versus supramolecular polymer formation
Authors: Tran Diem Ngan , Colesnic Dmitri , Adam de Beaumais Ségolène , Pembouong Gaëlle , Portier François , Queijo Álvaro Antelo , Vázquez Tato José , Zhang Yongmin , Ménand Mickaël , Bouteiller Laurent , Sollogoub Matthieu
Published: June 2014

β-Cyclodextrin conjugated to adamantane forms self-inclusion complexes instead of supramolecular polymers.
Brownian motion retarded polymer-encapsulated liquid crystal droplets anchored over a patterned substrate via click chemistry
Authors: Upadhyay Arun Prakash , Sadhukhan Prasenjit , Roy Sudeshna , Ganesh S Pala Raj , Sivakumar Sri
Published: June 2014

Formation of a five-membered strong triazole ring to facilitate the highly stable anchoring of LC droplet encapsulated polymer capsules over a patterned substrate.
Microwave-assisted palladium mediated efficient synthesis of pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridines, pyrazolo[3,4-b]quinolines, pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidines and pyrazolo[1,5-a]quinazolines
Authors: Shekarrao Kommuri , Kaishap Partha Pratim , Saddanapu Venkateshwarlu , Addlagatta Anthony , Gogoi Sanjib , Boruah Romesh C.
Published: June 2014

An efficient method was developed for the synthesis of pyrazole fused heterocycles via the palladium-catalyzed solvent free reaction of β-halovinyl/aryl aldehydes and 3-aminopyrazoles/5-aminopyrazoles under microwave irradiation in good yields.
High-temperature, high-pressure hydrothermal synthesis, crystal structure and photoluminescent properties, of K3[Gd1−xTbxGe3O8(OH)2] (x = 0, 0.3, 0.1, 1)
Authors: Liu Wei , Yang Min , Ji Ying , Liu Fuyang , Wang Ying , Wang Xiaofeng , Zhao Xudong , Liu Xiaoyang
Published: June 2014

A family of new lanthanide germanates K3LnGe3O8(OH)2 have been synthesized by a high-temperature, high-pressure hydrothermal method and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.
Effects of template removal on both morphology of mesoporous silica-coated gold nanorod and its biomedical application
Authors: Feng Jie , Wang Zhifei , Shen Bin , Zhang Liming , Yang Xia , He Nongyue
Published: June 2014

The effect of extraction solvent on both morphology and plasmon-related properties of mesoporous silica coated gold nanorod was comparatively studied.
SPEEK/Graphene oxide nanocomposite membranes with superior cyclability for highly efficient vanadium redox flow battery
Authors: Dai Wenjing , Shen Yi , Li Zhaohua , Yu Lihong , Xi Jingyu , Qiu Xinping
Published: June 2014

Randomly dispersed GO nanosheets in SPEEK can effectively block the crossover of vanadium ions, resulting in superior cyclability of VRFB.
Mesoporous graphene-like carbon sheet: high-power supercapacitor and outstanding catalyst support
Authors: Zhang Pengfei , Qiao Zhen-An , Zhang Zhiyong , Wan Shun , Dai Sheng
Published: June 2014

Nowadays, continuous scientific endeavors are being directed toward low-cost, mild, scalable and reliable synthesis of graphene-based materials, in order to advance various graphene-related applications.
Blood activation and compatibility on single-molecular-layer biointerfaces
Authors: Nie Shengqiang , Qin Hui , Cheng Chong , Zhao Weifeng , Sun Shudong , Su Baihai , Zhao Changsheng , Gu Zhongwei
Published: June 2014

Research on the interactions between living systems and materials is fuelled by diverse biomedical needs, for example, drug encapsulation and stimulated release, stem cell proliferation and differentiation, cell and tissue cultures, as well as artificial organs.
Role of vacancies to p-type semiconducting properties of SiGe nanowires
Authors: Zhou Rulong , Qu Bingyan , Zhang Bo , Li Pengfei , Zeng Xiao Cheng
Published: June 2014

On basis of the first-principle calculations, vacancies are proven to play important roles in p-type semiconducting properties of Si1−xGex nanowires (NW) and Ge/Si core/shell NW.
Transient‐based conversion matrix approach for nonlinear stability analysis
Authors: Pantoli L.
Published: June 2014

A new methodology aimed at assessing the large‐signal stability of nonlinear driven circuits in the large‐signal regime is presented. The procedure combines the conversion matrix approach with a transient envelope simulation and can be implemented with most commercial nonlinear microwave CAD tools. A method for the analysis of the onset of spurious oscillation in nonlinear circuits operating in large‐signal conditions is also given and criteria for the evaluation and modification of the critical loads that give rise to spurious frequencies are provided. This approach has been successfully tested on a medium‐power amplifier.
Nano‐power tunable bump circuit using wide‐input‐range pseudo‐differential transconductor
Authors: Lu Junjie , Yang Tan , Jahan M.S. , Holleman J.
Published: June 2014

An ultra‐low‐power tunable bump circuit is presented. It incorporates a novel wide‐input‐range tunable pseudo‐differential transconductor linearised using the drain resistances of saturated transistors. Measurement results show that the transconductor has a 5 V differential input range with <20% of linearity error. The bump circuit demonstrates tunability of the centre, width and height, consuming 18.9 nW power from a 3 V supply, occupying 988 μm2 in a 0.13 μm CMOS process.
Centralised cooperative spectrum sensing under correlated shadowing
Authors: Janatian Nafiseh , Modarres Hashemi Mahmood , Sun Sumei , Guan Yong Liang
Published: June 2014

The authors consider centralised cooperative spectrum sensing under correlated shadowing in this study. Formulating the spectrum sensing problem as a Gauss–Gauss hypothesis test, they use a linear quadratic rule and show that it is the optimal detector under Bayesian criterion. They derive the upper and lower Bhattacharyya bounds and investigate the error performance of spectrum sensing by studying the behaviour of these upper and lower bounds. They also study the asymptotic error performance in two different scenarios of finite and infinite area networks. They show that by increasing the number of nodes the sensing error probability approaches zero in both cases but with different decay rates. The lower the correlation between nodes or the larger the network area, the faster the decay.
Indirect coordination of electricity demand for balancing wind power
Authors: Gafurov Tokhir , Prodanovic Milan
Published: June 2014

High penetration of wind energy in modern power systems led to an increase in the balancing requirements, especially in load‐following and unit commitment time frames, which only further compromised the overall reliability and efficiency of electricity supply. One of the possible solutions to address this critical balancing capacity issue is the application of demand response schemes on regular basis for matching electricity consumption and production. This study examines the existing applications of demand response in the given area and proposes an alternative approach based on a proactive dispatch of large industrial consumers by using indirect coordination. The candidate industries suitable for the implementation of the new demand response scheme are sought for and presented. The usefulness and the performance of the proposed arrangement operating as a regular balancing mechanism have been evaluated and demonstrated in several test‐case scenarios by applying simplified Monte Carlo simulations.
Data‐driven modelling of a doubly fed induction generator wind turbine system based on neural networks
Authors: Kong Xiaobing , Liu Xiangjie , Lee Kwang Y.
Published: June 2014

In a wind power system, the wind turbine captures wind energy and converts it into electric energy through a coupled rotating generator. This renewable energy conversion system usually consists of a wind turbine, rotor, gearbox and mostly a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG). It is a complex non‐linear multi‐input multi‐output system with many uncertain factors. Meanwhile, the dynamics of the system is quite dependent on the wind velocity. Traditional analytical methods are quite difficult to model such a complex system. The recently developed data‐driven method can be a suitable modelling technique for such system. Using a large amount of input–output on‐line measurement data from the selected months, neural networks and neuro‐fuzzy networks are fully utilised to model the DFIG. Detailed analysis and comparisons with the classical system identification techniques are addressed to show the advantages of the data‐driven DFIG modelling approach.
Facile route to preparation of plate‐like silver powders
Authors: Li Zhongchun , Zou Xin , Sun Jianhua , Zhou Quanfa
Published: June 2014

Silver nanoplates with thickness of tens of nanometres and widths in the range of 5–10 μm were successfully prepared employing a facile solution‐based route based on the redox reaction between silver ions and ferrous ions. Furthermore, the influences of the mass ratio of reactants, surfactant concentration, reaction temperature and the type of surfactants on the morphologies of silver powders were carefully studied. The phase structure and morphology of silver powders are characterised by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy. The mass ratio of reactants, concentration of surfactant, reaction temperature and the type of surfactants were crucial factors in determining the morphologies of the final products. The formation mechanism of silver nanoplates is preliminarily discussed.
Order-parameter-aided temperature-accelerated sampling for the exploration of crystal polymorphism and solid-liquid phase transitions
Authors: Yu Tang-Qing , Chen Pei-Yang , Chen Ming , Samanta Amit , Vanden-Eijnden Eric , Tuckerman Mark
Published: June 2014

The problem of predicting polymorphism in atomic and molecular crystals constitutes a significant challenge both experimentally and theoretically. From the theoretical viewpoint, polymorphism prediction falls into the general class of problems characterized by an underlying rough energy landscape, and consequently, free energy based enhanced sampling approaches can be brought to bear on the problem. In this paper, we build on a scheme previously introduced by two of the authors in which the lengths and angles of the supercell are targeted for enhanced sampling via temperature accelerated adiabatic free energy dynamics [T. Q. Yu and M. E. Tuckerman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 015701 (2011)]. Here, that framework is expanded to include general order parameters that distinguish different crystalline arrangements as target collective variables for enhanced sampling. The resulting free energy surface, being of quite high dimension, is nontrivial to reconstruct, and we discuss one particular strategy for performing the free energy analysis. The method is applied to the study of polymorphism in xenon crystals at high pressure and temperature using the Steinhardt order parameters without and with the supercell included in the set of collective variables. The expected fcc and bcc structures are obtained, and when the supercell parameters are included as collective variables, we also find several new structures, including fcc states with hcp stacking faults. We also apply the new method to the solid-liquid phase transition in copper at 1300 K using the same Steinhardt order parameters. Our method is able to melt and refreeze the system repeatedly, and the free energy profile can be obtained with high efficiency.
Stepped-frequency continuous-wave microwave-induced thermoacoustic imaging
Authors: Nan Hao , Arbabian Amin
Published: June 2014

Microwave-induced thermoacoustic (TA) imaging combines the dielectric contrast of microwave imaging with the resolution of ultrasound imaging. Prior studies have only focused on time-domain techniques with short but powerful microwave pulses that require a peak output power in excess of several kilowatts to achieve sufficient signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). This poses safety concerns as well as to render the imager expensive and bulky with requiring a large vacuum radio frequency source. Here, we propose and demonstrate a coherent stepped-frequency continuous-wave (SFCW) technique for TA imaging which enables substantial improvements in SNR and consequently a reduction in peak power requirements for the imager. Constructive and destructive interferences between TA signals are observed and explained. Full coherency across microwave and acoustic domains, in the thermo-elastic response, is experimentally verified and this enables demonstration of coherent SFCW microwave-induced TA imaging. Compared to the pulsed technique, an improvement of 17 dB in SNR is demonstrated.
Higher-order nonlinearity of refractive index: The case of argon
Authors: Tarazkar Maryam , Romanov Dmitri A. , Levis Robert J.
Published: June 2014

The nonlinear coefficients, n4, of the time-dependent refractive index for argon are calculated in the non-resonant optical regime. Second-order polynomial fitting of DC-Kerr, γ(2)(−ω; ω, 0, 0), electric field induced second harmonic generation (ESHG), γ(2)(−2ω; ω, ω, 0), and static second-order hyperpolarizability, γ(2)(0; 0, 0, 0), is performed using an auxiliary electric field approach to obtain the corresponding fourth-order optical properties. A number of basis sets are investigated for the fourth-order hyperpolarizability processes at 800 nm at coupled cluster singles and doubles level of theory, starting with the t-aug-cc-pV5Z basis set and expanding that basis set by adding diffuse functions and polarization functions. Comparison shows that the results obtained with the t-aug-cc-pV5Z basis are in very good agreement with the results obtained using the q-aug-cc-pV5Z, t-aug-cc-pV6Z, and q-aug-cc-pV6Z basis sets. To calculate the nonlinear refractive index n4, an approximate formula is suggested which expresses the related degenerate six-wave mixing coefficient, γ(4)(−ω; ω, −ω, ω, −ω, ω), in terms of the DC-Kerr, γ(4)(−ω; ω, 0, 0, 0, 0), ESHG, γ(4)(−2ω; ω, ω, 0, 0, 0), and the static fourth-order hyperpolarizability coefficients. The higher-order nonlinear refractive index n4 is found to be positive over the wavelengths 300 nm–2000 nm. In the infrared spectral range, the obtained values of n4 are in qualitative agreement with the results of Kramers-Kronig-based calculations.
Fast and slow crystal growth kinetics in glass-forming melts
Authors: Orava J. , Greer A. L.
Published: June 2014

Published values of crystal growth rates are compared for supercooled glass-forming liquids undergoing congruent freezing at a planar crystal-liquid interface. For the purposes of comparison pure metals are considered to be glass-forming systems, using data from molecular-dynamics simulations. For each system, the growth rate has a maximum value Umax at a temperature Tmax that lies between the glass-transition temperature Tg and the melting temperature Tm. A classification is suggested, based on the lability (specifically, the propensity for fast crystallization), of the liquid. High-lability systems show “fast” growth characterized by a high Umax, a low Tmax / Tm, and a very broad peak in U vs. T / Tm. In contrast, systems showing “slow” growth have a low Umax, a high Tmax / Tm, and a sharp peak in U vs. T / Tm. Despite the difference of more than 11 orders of magnitude in Umax seen in pure metals and in silica, the range of glass-forming systems surveyed fit into a common pattern in which the lability increases with lower reduced glass-transition temperature (Tg / Tm) and higher fragility of the liquid. A single parameter, a linear combination of Tg / Tm and fragility, can show a good correlation with Umax. For all the systems, growth at Umax is coupled to the atomic/molecular mobility in the liquid. It is found that, across the diversity of glass-forming systems, Tmax / Tg = 1.48 ± 0.15.
First-principle investigations of K2NiF4-type double perovskite oxides La4B′B″O8 (B′B″ = Fe, Co, Ni)
Authors: Mao Hejie , Wei Yingfen , Gui Hong , Li Xin , Zhao Zhenjie , Xie Wenhui
Published: June 2014

The K2NiF4-type structure La4CoNiO8 (LCNO), La4FeCoO8 (LFCO), and La4FeNiO8 (LFNO) are studied by using the first-principle electronic structure calculations. Our results indicate that the ground state of LCNO is a ferrimagnetism (FiM) with a large energy gap about 1.9 eV, LFCO and LFNO are antiferromagnetism with energy gaps about 1.3 and 1.4 eV, respectively. Their orthorhombic distortions, out-of-plane elongation, and tilting of octahedron are discussed. It is indicated that LFCO and LFNO have stronger crystal distortion than LCNO. Our calculations indicate that the in-plane magnetic exchange interaction of LCNO is much stronger than LFCO and LFNO, thus LCNO should have much higher magnetic ordering temperature than LFCO and LFNO.
Effect of Dy-substitution on the structural, vibrational, and multiferroic properties of BiFeO3 nanoparticles
Authors: Muneeswaran M. , Giridharan N. V.
Published: June 2014

Dysprosium (Dy) modified BiFeO3 [Bi1−xDyxFeO3 (x = 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15)] nanoparticles have been synthesized by a low temperature co-precipitation method. Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction data reveals a transformation from rhombohedral structure to orthorhombic structure with increase in the Dy concentration. From the transmission electron microscopy analysis, it is observed that the particle sizes of Bi1−xDyxFeO3 (x = 0.05, 0.10, and 0.15) nanoparticles range between 50–70, 40–50, and 30–50 nm, respectively. Raman spectra of Bi1−xDyxFeO3 (x = 0.05) belonging to rhombohedral (R3c) structure show 4A1 and 7E fundamental Raman modes in the range of 100–650 cm−1 and two-phonon scattering modes such as 2A4 (longitudinal optical), 2E8 (transverse optical (TO)), and 2E9 (TO) in the range of 950–1270 cm−1. Suppression, broadening, and shifting of Raman modes have been observed with further increase in Dy concentration. The fundamental Raman modes of Bi1−xDyxFeO3 (x = 0.15) are assigned under orthorhombic (pnma) rather than rhombohedral (R3c) as the Rietveld analysis of X-ray diffraction data predicts a structural transformation for this particular composition. A complete suppression of two phonon modes has been noticed for this composition. An anomaly in the temperature dependent dielectric studies has been observed in all the samples at the vicinity of Neel temperature indicating a magnetic ordering, and an increase in magnetization with increase of Dy concentration in BiFeO3 is noticed from the room temperature magnetic studies. P–E hysteresis loop studies show a decrease of remnant polarization (Pr) with the increase in Dy concentration and disappearance of hysteresis loop occurs for Bi1−xDyxFeO3 (x = 0.15) depicting a transformation from non-centrosymmetric (R3c) to centrosymmetric (Pnma) system.
Solid-state conversion of (Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-BaTiO3-(K1/2Na1/2)NbO3 single crystals and their piezoelectric properties
Authors: Park Ji-Hoon , Lee Ho-Yong , Kang Suk-Joong L.
Published: June 2014

Piezoelectric ceramic with a composition of (94 − x)(Na1/2Bi1/2)TiO3-6BaTiO3−x(K1/2Na1/2)NbO3 (NBT-BT-xKNN) is a promising lead-free piezoelectric material for actuator applications because of its giant electric-field-induced strains, which are comparable with that of soft Pb(ZrxTi1−x)O3 (PZT) ceramics. Using the solid-state single crystal growth method, we succeeded in fabricating usable single crystals of NBT-BT-3KNN (6 mm × 6 mm × 8 mm size) with a uniform chemical composition. The room temperature piezoelectric properties of ⟨001⟩, ⟨110⟩, and ⟨111⟩ oriented single crystals were measured. Single crystals showed strong anisotropic strain characteristics. In particular, ⟨001⟩ oriented single crystals had excellent piezoelectric properties with small hysteresis and a high strain of 0.57% at 7 kV/mm. In addition, the fabricated single crystals exhibited a high converse piezoelectric constant, Smax/Emax, of over 1000 pm/V at 4 kV/mm. These values are greater than those reported for any lead-containing and lead-free ceramics and comparable with those of lead-based single crystals. Our investigation demonstrates the solid-state conversion of lead-free single crystals and their practical usability in replacement of lead-based materials.
Time evolution of off-state degradation of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors
Authors: Bajo M. Montes , Sun H. , Uren M. J. , Kuball M.
Published: June 2014

The evolution of AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors under off-state stress conditions is studied by gate leakage current (Ig) monitoring, electroluminescence (EL), and atomic force microscope (AFM) imaging at room temperature. It is found that the number of off-state failure sites as identified by EL increases over time during stress until it reaches a saturation value. Ig increases accordingly during stress until this saturation number of failure sites is reached. AFM scanning of the device surface stripped of metal contacts and passivation reveals surface pits corresponding to the location of the EL spots. These pits have an elongated shape oriented towards the drain contact whose length is correlated with the distance to the adjacent pits and with the time since their appearance during the stress experiment. A model for the generation and evolution of the off-state stress-related failure sites is proposed consistent with the experimental results, bringing together surface migration of electrochemical species with trap-based leakage mechanisms and resulting in the formation of an exclusion zone around each failure site.
Third-order elastic constants of ZnO and size effect in ZnO nanowires
Authors: Wang Xueqiang , Gu Yousong , Sun Xu , Wang Hao , Zhang Yue
Published: June 2014

Higher order elastic constants are very useful in understanding the anharmonicity of ZnO due to finite strain. The third-order elastic constants of zinc oxid (ZnO) and the size effect of the strain dependent Young's moduli of ZnO nanowires have been studied by first-principles calculations and molecular mechanics methods. The whole set of the third-order elastic constants were obtained for the first time for ZnO with homogeneous deformation method. The Young's modulus along the [0001] direction is evaluated to be Y=142.4−173.4ξ (GPa). Strain dependent Young's moduli were obtained for [0001] oriented ZnO nanowires with diameter ranged from 1.8 nm to 6.0 nm. The constant term of Young's moduli of ZnO NWs is smaller than those of the bulk, and it decreases from 121.5 to 96.7 GPa as the diameter decreases. The linear term increases rapidly as the diameter decreases and changed from negative to positive when the diameter is 3.6 nm. The linear term was −124.4 GPa when diameter is 6.0 nm, and it reached 248.8 GPa when the diameter is 1.8 nm. The mechanics of the size effect in ZnO nanowires is discussed. The obtained results will be helpful to get some insight on the elastic properties of ZnO nanowires.