bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Periodontitis Is Associated With Aggravation of Prediabetes in Zucker Fatty Rats
Authors: Pontes Andersen Carla C. , Flyvbjerg Allan , Buschard Karsten , Holmstrup Palle
Published: March 2007

Background: Prediabetes is part of the natural history of type 2 diabetes. Few human studies have addressed the relationship between periodontitis and prediabetes. The Zucker fatty rat (ZFR) is a known model of prediabetes, characterized by hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, and moderate hypertension. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether periodontitis affects the prediabetic state of ZFRs.

Methods: Male adult ZFRs (fa/fa; N = 24) and their lean littermates (+/fa; N = 24) were studied. Periodontitis was induced with ligatures in half of the ZFRs and lean rats, whereas the other half served as controls. After 4 weeks, body weight, food intake, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, free fatty acids, cytokines, and alveolar bone loss were recorded.

Results: ZFRs with periodontitis presented increased glucose intolerance (P = 0.03) and a slight increase in fasting glucose from initial to final evaluation, as detected through paired analysis (P = 0.03). Among lean rats, those with periodontitis presented higher final glucose intolerance than those without periodontitis (P = 0.01). Furthermore, periodontitis in lean rats was associated with increased fasting glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance, as evaluated through paired analysis (P = 0.003, P = 0.008, and P = 0.001, respectively). Regarding alveolar bone analysis, ZFRs with periodontitis demonstrated significantly more bone loss compared to lean rats with periodontitis (P <0.001).

Conclusions: Prediabetes worsened periodontitis, and periodontitis, in turn, was associated with deterioration of glucose metabolism in ZFRs, suggesting a progress toward diabetes. Furthermore, periodontitis also affected glucose regulation in lean rats.
Cementless Acetabular Reconstruction and Structural Bone-Grafting in Dysplastic Hips
Authors: Hendrich C. , Engelmaier F. , Mehling I. , Sauer U. , Kirschner S. , Martell J.M.
Published: March 2007

BACKGROUND:

Studies of acetabular reconstruction with use of cement and bulk bone graft have demonstrated increasing rates of cup failure in patients with dysplastic hips seven years after total hip arthroplasty. Comparable data on the long-term results of bulk bone-grafting done in conjunction with cementless implants are limited. The aim of this study was to review the clinical and radiographic results of autologous bulk bone-grafting in conjunction with a cementless cup.

METHODS:

From 1987 to 1992, forty-seven patients (forty women and seven men, with an average age of 50.4 years) who had developmental dysplasia of the hip underwent fifty-six total hip arthroplasties and received a structural graft in combination with a cementless Harris-Galante type-I cup. All patients were followed prospectively. In fifty-five hips, implant migration was measured with single-image radiographic analysis.

RESULTS:

After an average duration (and standard deviation) of 10.2 ± 2.9 years, three patients (four hips) had died. In the surviving patients, four implants had been revised and two had radiographic evidence of loosening. With use of revision and loosening as end points, the eleven-year survival rates were 91.6% and 88.9%, respectively. Of the fifty implants that had no loosening, fourteen had measurable cup migration, thirty-five had no migration, and one implant could not be measured. All migrations but one were progressive. With loosening used as the end point, the survival rate at eleven years was 100% for the implants with no migration; however, the survival rate for the cups that had migrated was 69.3% (p = 0.0012).

CONCLUSIONS:

The eleven-year survival rate for the spherical press-fit cups in combination with bulk bone-grafting is satisfactory, given the complexity of these reconstructions. However, the difference between the survival of the implants that had migrated and those that had not was significant. We expect that the thirteen implants with progressive acetabular migration at the time of the latest follow-up are at risk for loosening, which will increase the revision rate for this series in the coming years.
Spatiotemporal Nonattainment Assessment of Surface Water Tetrachloroethylene in New Jersey
Authors: Akita Yasuyuki , Carter Gail , Serre Marc L.
Published: March 2007

Tetrachloroethylene (PCE) is one of the most frequently detected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in water systems across the USA. In New Jersey, the Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP) monitors surface water quality at several sites throughout the state. However due to budget and scientific limitations, the sampling data is insufficient to assess all river streams in New Jersey. To address this problem, the objective of this study is to utilize a framework for the space/time estimation of PCE throughout all river reaches in New Jersey over the 1999 through 2003 time period and to track how this concentration evolves over time. We use the Bayesian maximum entropy (BME) mapping method to take into account the composite spatiotemporal variability of PCE, and we produce maps providing a stochastic description of the distribution of PCE at all times throughout the river network. In addition, we conduct a nonattainment assessment analysis by applying a criterion based on the estimated probability distribution function that allows us to identify the river miles that are highly likely in nonattainment of the standard, those that are highly likely in attainment of the standard, and the remaining labeled as nonassessed. Using this criterion we investigate how the river miles contaminated by PCE vary over space and time, and we identify watershed management areas (WMAs) with contamination problems. Finally, a cross validation comparison with a purely spatial analysis demonstrates that the space/time framework leads to a better estimation and a reduction of the number of nonassessed miles.
Tile Water Quality following Liquid Swine Manure Application into Standing Corn
Authors: Ball Coelho B. R. , Roy R. C. , Topp E. , Lapen D. R.
Published: March 2007

The quality of water draining fields fertilized with liquid swine (Sus scrofa) manure (LSM) sidedressed into standing corn (Zea mays L.) at rates ranging from 0 to 94 m3 ha−1, either topdressed (TD) onto the surface, or injected (INJ) into the soil once annually for each of three consecutive years was evaluated. Liquid swine manure application rate was a critical driver of preferential flow of LSM to tile as detected by turbidity, concentrations of NH4+–N, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and the presence of enteric bacteria (Escherichia coli). Contaminant movement to drains occurred immediately after 75 and 94 m3 LSM ha−1 were injected (e.g., 2.5 mg DRP L−1, 3‐yr average). With injection of 56 m3 ha−1 or less, drainage water was not turbid and concentrations of NH4+–N, DRP, and enteric bacteria were dramatically lower than with the higher rates, even when tiles flowed freely during manure application. Application method also affected tile water quality. With TD applications (37 and 56 m3 ha−1), nutrients and bacteria did not move to tiles at the time of application, but with rains that fell within 3 d after application, concentrations increased (e.g., 0.1 mg DRP L−1), although less than with INJ. Overall, sidedress injection rates that supplied adequate crop nutrients did not compromise drainage water quality.
Raloxifene: A Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator for Reducing the Risk of Invasive Breast Cancer in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Vogel Victor G
Published: March 2007

Raloxifene hydrochloride is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that has antiestrogenic effects on breast and endometrial tissue and estrogenic effects on bone, lipid metabolism and blood clotting. Tamoxifen is the prototypical selective estrogen receptor modulator and reduces the risk of both in situ and invasive breast cancers by half when compared with placebo. The limitations on the use of tamoxifen for breast cancer risk reduction relate to its well-known, but rare, side effects. A number of clinical trials have established the benefit of raloxifene on osteoporosis and fracture. Raloxifene significantly improves serum lipids and serum markers of cardiovascular disease risk, but has no significant effect on the risk of primary coronary events. In several osteoporosis trials and the Raloxifene Use for The Heart (RUTH) trial, raloxifene decreased the risk of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer by 44–90%. In the Study of Tamoxifen And Raloxifene (STAR) trial, the effect of raloxifene on invasive breast cancer was equivalent to that of tamoxifen, with more favorable effects on uterine malignancy and clotting events. Symptomatic side effects are acceptable. In total, the available data indicate that raloxifene represents an acceptable alternative to tamoxifen for the reduction of the risk of postmenopausal breast cancer in high-risk women. The potential market for a compound shown to reduce the risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women who are at increased risk for breast cancer is more than 10 million women in the USA alone.
Perimenstrual Catamenial Epilepsy
Authors: Reddy Doodipala S
Published: March 2007

Epilepsy affects 50 million people worldwide, including women afflicted with catamenial epilepsy. Catamenial epilepsy is a form of epilepsy in which seizures are clustered around specific points in the menstrual cycle, most frequently during the perimenstrual or periovulatory phase. Although there are a number of standard and newer antiepileptic drugs for epilepsy, no specific drugs exist to treat catamenial seizures, which affect at least one in three women with epilepsy. Moreover, the molecular pathophysiology of catamenial seizures remains unclear. This article describes the pathophysiology, hormonal basis, diagnosis and treatment of perimenstrual catamenial epilepsy. Natural progesterone and synthetic neurosteroid replacement appears to be a suitable therapeutic approach for catamenial epilepsy.
Effects of buprenorphine on nociception and spontaneous locomotor activity in horses
Authors: Carregaro Adriano B. , Luna Stelio P. L. , Mataqueiro Maria Isabel , de Queiroz-Neto Antonio
Published: March 2007

Objective—To investigate spontaneous locomotor activity (SLA) and antinociceptive effects of buprenorphine in horses.

Animals—6 healthy adult horses.

Procedures—Horses received each of 3 treatments (10 mL of saline [0.9% NaCl] solution, 5 μg of buprenorphine/kg, or 10 μg of buprenorphine/kg).Treatments were administered IV. Order of treatments was randomized, and there was a 10-day interval between subsequent treatments. Spontaneous locomotor activity was investigated in a behavioral box by use of infrared photoelectric sensors connected to a computer, which detected movement of each horse. Antinociceptive effect was investigated by hoof-withdrawal reflex latency (HWRL) and skin-twitching reflex latency (STRL) after painful stimulation with a heat lamp.

Results—Moderate excitement was observed in all horses from 5 to 10 minutes after the administration of both dosages of buprenorphine. The SLA increased significantly for 6 and 14 hours after IV administration of 5 and 10 μg of buprenorphine/kg, respectively. Values for HWRL increased significantly only at 30 minutes after injection of 5 μg of buprenorphine/kg, whereas STRL and HWRL each increased significantly from 1 to 6 hours (except at 2 and 4 hours) and 11 hours, respectively, after injection of 10 μg of buprenorphine/kg.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—IV injection of buprenorphine caused a dose-dependent increase in SLA, but only the dose of 10 μg/kg induced analgesia on the basis of results for the experimental method used.
Detection of Bartonella henselae DNA in two dogs with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis
Authors: Morales Sofia C. , Breitschwerdt Edward B. , Washabau Robert J. , Matise Ilze , Maggi Ricardo G. , Duncan Ashlee W.
Published: March 2007

Case Description—1 dog evaluated because of inappetence and lameness of the left hind limb of 1 day's duration and 1 dog evaluated because of inappetence, fever, and lymphadenopathy of 2 weeks' duration.

Clinical Findings—Histologic examination of excisional biopsy specimens from lymph nodes revealed pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis in both dogs. Quantitative real-time PCR assays detected Bartonella henselae DNA in blood samples and affected lymph node specimens from both dogs. Antibodies against B henselae were not detected via immunofluorescent antibody testing during active disease in either dog.

Treatment and Outcome—1 dog recovered after 6 weeks of treatment with doxycycline (5 mg/kg [2.3 mg/lb], PO, q 12 h), whereas the other dog recovered after receiving a combination of azithromycin (14.5 mg/kg [6.6 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h for 21 days), doxycycline (17.3 mg/kg [7.9 mg/lb], PO, q 24 h for 4 weeks), and immunosuppressive corticosteroid (prednisone [3 mg/kg {1.4 mg/lb}, PO, q 24 h], tapered by decreasing the daily dose by 25% every 2 weeks) treatment.

Clinical Relevance—B henselae is implicated as a possible cause or a cofactor in the development of pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis in dogs. In dogs with pyogranulomatous lymphadenitis, immunofluorescent assays may not detect antibodies against B henselae. Molecular testing, including PCR assay of affected tissues, may provide an alternative diagnostic method for detection of B henselae DNA in pyogranulomatous lymph nodes.
Antioxidant supplementation influences the neutrophil tocopherol associated protein expression, but not the inflammatory response to exercise
Authors: Sureda Antoni , Tauler Pedro , Aguiló Antoni , Cases Nuria , Llompart Isabel , Tur Josep , Pons Antoni
Published: March 2007

Intense exercise induces inflammatory-like changes and oxidative stress in immune cells. Our aim was to study the effects of antioxidant diet supplementation on the neutrophil inflammatory response and on the tocopherol associated protein (TAP) expression after exhaustive exercise. Fourteen male-trained amateur runners were randomly divided in two placebo and supplemented groups. Vitamins C (152 mg/d) and E (50 mg/d) supplementation were administrated to the athletes for a month, using an almond based isotonic and energetic beverage. Non-enriched beverage was given to the placebo group. After one month, the subjects participated in a half-marathon race (21 km-run). Neutrophil TAP mRNA expression and markers of the inflammatory response were determined before, immediately after, and 3 h after finishing the half-marathon race. TAP expression increased after exercise mainly in the neutrophils of the placebo group. Exercise induced an inflammatory response in both placebo and supplemented groups, manifested with neutrophilia, increased creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase serum activities, neutrophil luminol chemiluminescence and myeloperoxidase release. Plasma malondialdehyde only increased in the placebo group after exercise. Diet supplementation with moderate levels of antioxidant vitamins avoids plasma damage in response to exhaustive exercise without the effects on the inflammatory process. Neutrophil degranulation and increased tocopherol associated protein could contribute to the neutrophil protection from the oxidative stress.
Rotating fluidized beds in a static geometry: Experimental proof of concept
Authors: De Wilde Juray , de Broqueville Axel
Published: March 2007

The new concept of a rotating fluidized bed in a static geometry (RFB‐SG) is presented. The rotating motion of the particle bed and the tangential fluidization of the solids are obtained by the tangential injection of the fluidization gas via multiple gas inlet slots in the outer cylindrical wall of the fluidization chamber. The solids experience a radially outwards centrifugal force. The gas, on the other hand, is forced to move radially inwards towards a chimney with one or more outlet slots, creating a radially inwards gas‐solid drag force and fluidizing the solids radially. The new fluidization concept is experimentally investigated and proven using one and the same non‐optimized fluidization chamber design with either large diameter, low density polymer particles or small diameter, higher density Alumina particles. The fluidization chamber is operated in continuous mode, at different solids loadings and in the vertical and horizontal position. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Malignant proliferating pilar tumors arising in KID syndrome: A report of two patients
Authors: Nyquist Gurston G. , Mumm Christina , Grau Renee , Crowson A. Neil , Shurman Daniel L. , Benedetto Paul , Allen Pamela , Lovelace Kelli , Smith David W. , Frieden Ilona , Hybarger C. Patrick , Richard Gabriele
Published: March 2007

We report on two young adults with KID syndrome and follicular hyperkeratosis, hidradenitis suppurativa of the groin, progressive development of proliferative pilar cysts and dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, who developed metastatic malignant pilar tumors. Based on our findings, we believe that cancer surveillance in patients with KID syndrome should include screening for pilar tumors and their early removal to avoid development of malignant proliferating pilar tumors with poor prognosis. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Duplication of 17(p11.2p11.2) in a male child with autism and severe language delay
Authors: Nakamine Alisa , Ouchanov Leonid , Jiménez Patricia , Manghi Elina R. , Esquivel Marcela , Monge Silvia , Fallas Marietha , Burton Barbara K. , Szomju Barbara , Elsea Sarah H. , Marshall Christian R. , Scherer Stephen W. , McInnes L. Alison
Published: March 2007

Duplications of 17(p11.2p11.2) have been associated with various behavioral manifestations including attention deficits, obsessive‐compulsive symptoms, autistic traits, and language delay. We are conducting a genetic study of autism and are screening all cases for submicroscopic chromosomal abnormalities, in addition to standard karyotyping, and fragile X testing. Using array‐based comparative genomic hybridization analysis of data from the Affymetrix GeneChip® Human Mapping Array set, we detected a duplication of ∼3.3 Mb on chromosome 17p11.2 in a male child with autism and severe expressive language delay. The duplication was confirmed by measuring the copy number of genomic DNA using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Gene expression analyses revealed increased expression of three candidate genes for the Smith–Magenis neurobehavioral phenotype, RAI1, DRG2, and RASD1, in transformed lymphocytes from Case 81A, suggesting gene dosage effects. Our results add to a growing body of evidence suggesting that duplications of 17(p11.2p11.2) result in language delay as well as autism and related phenotypes. As Smith–Magenis syndrome is also associated with language delay, a gene involved in acquisition of language may lie within this interval. Whether a parent of origin effect, gender of the case, the presence of allelic variation, or changes in expression of genes outside the breakpoints influence the resultant phenotype remains to be determined. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Serotonergic influences on life‐history outcomes in free‐ranging male rhesus macaques
Authors: Howell Sue , Westergaard Greg , Hoos Beth , Chavanne Tara J. , Shoaf Susan E. , Cleveland Allison , Snoy Philip J. , Suomi Stephen J. , Dee Higley J.
Published: March 2007

Several studies have demonstrated that nonhuman primate males with low cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of the serotonin metabolite 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5‐HIAA) exhibit antisocial behavior patterns. Included in these deleterious patterns are impulse control deficits associated with violence and premature death. No studies to date have longitudinally studied the long‐term outcome of young subjects with low CSF 5‐HIAA concentrations as they mature into adults. In this study we examined longitudinal relations among serotonergic and dopaminergic functioning, as reflected in CSF metabolite concentrations, aggression, age at emigration, dominance rank, and mortality in free‐ranging rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) males. Our results indicate long‐term consistency of individual differences in levels of 5‐HIAA in CSF in the subject population from the juvenile period of development through adulthood. We found a significant negative correlation between 5‐HIAA concentrations measured in juveniles and rates of high‐intensity aggression in the same animals as adults. Further, CSF 5‐HIAA concentrations were lower in juveniles that died than in animals that survived. For the young animals that migrated there was a positive correlation between CSF 5‐HIAA concentration and age at emigration, whereas for the animals that remained in their troop until later in sexual maturity there was a negative correlation between CSF 5‐HIAA concentration and age of emigration. After animals emigrated to a new troop, social dominance rank in the new troop was positively correlated with early family social dominance rank, but inversely correlated with juvenile CSF 5‐HIAA concentrations. Taken together, our findings suggest that males with low central serotonin levels early in life delay migration and show high levels of violence and premature death, but the males that survive achieve high rank. These findings indicate that longitudinal measures of serotonergic and dopaminergic functioning are predictive of major life‐history outcomes in nonhuman primate males. Low concentrations of CSF 5‐HIAA are associated with negative life‐history patterns characterized by social instability and excessive aggression, and positive life‐history patterns characterized by higher dominance rank. Am. J. Primatol. 69:851–865, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Grooming relationships between breeding females and adult group members in cooperatively breeding moustached tamarins (Saguinus mystax)
Authors: Löttker Petra , Huck Maren , Zinner Dietmar P. , Heymann Eckhard W.
Published: March 2007

Grooming is the most common form of affiliative behavior in primates that apart from hygienic and hedonistic benefits offers important social benefits for the performing individuals. This study examined grooming behavior in a cooperatively breeding primate species, characterized by single female breeding per group, polyandrous matings, dizygotic twinning, delayed offspring dispersal, and intensive helping behavior. In this system, breeding females profit from the presence of helpers but also helpers profit from staying in a group and assisting in infant care due to the accumulation of direct and indirect fitness benefits. We examined grooming relationships of breeding females with three classes of partners (breeding males, potentially breeding males, (sub)adult non‐breeding offspring) during three reproductive phases (post‐partum ovarian inactivity, ovarian activity, pregnancy) in two groups of wild moustached tamarins (Saguinus mystax). We investigated whether grooming can be used to regulate group size by either “pay‐for‐help” or “pay‐to‐stay” mechanisms. Grooming of breeding females with breeding males and non‐breeding offspring was more intense and more balanced than with potentially breeding males, and most grooming occurred during the breeding females' pregnancies. Grooming was skewed toward more investment by the breeding females with breeding males during the phases of ovarian activity, and with potentially breeding males during pregnancies. Our results suggest that grooming might be a mechanism used by female moustached tamarins to induce mate association with the breeding male, and to induce certain individuals to stay in the group and help with infant care. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1159–1172, 2007.© 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Extra‐large cluster formation by Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) on Shodoshima Island, central Japan, and related factors
Authors: Zhang Peng , Watanabe Kunio
Published: March 2007

Japanese macaques on Shodoshima Island habitually form very large rest clusters, in which 50+ or even 100+ individuals huddle together. This behavior is not seen in any other populations of the species. Mean cluster sizes of two groups of Shodoshima monkeys are three and four in summer and 17 and 16 in winter, respectively. A maximum of 137 individuals have been seen to huddle in one cluster. It is difficult to explain the extra large clusters on Shodoshima only as an adaptive behavior against cold, since Shodoshima is relatively warm in the range of habitats for Japanese macaques. Compared with other groups of Japanese macaques, Shodoshima monkeys show: more frequent affinitive interactions, shorter inter‐individual distance, more frequent ignoring of exclusion, more frequent aggression, less intense aggression, and more frequent counter‐aggression. These characteristics suggest that the Japanese macaques on Shodoshima have relaxed dominant relations. The specific social organization of Shodoshima monkeys may sustain the formation of extra large clusters. Inter‐group comparisons suggest that the social structure of Japanese macaques might be highly plastic, and that Shodoshima monkeys have less despotic, more tolerant social relations than typically reported for this species. Am. J. Primatol. 69:1119–1130, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
In vivo bone strain and bone functional adaptation
Authors: Demes Brigitte
Published: March 2007

Mechanistic interpretations of bone cross‐sectional shapes are based on the paradigm of shape optimization such that bone offers maximum mechanical resistance with a minimum of material. Recent in vivo strain studies (Demes et al., Am J Phys Anthropol 106 (1998) 87–100, Am J Phys Anthropol 116 (2001) 257–265; Lieberman et al., Am J Phys Anthropol 123 (2004) 156–171) have questioned these interpretations by demonstrating that long bones diaphyses are not necessarily bent in planes in which they offer maximum resistance to bending. Potential limitations of these in vivo studies have been pointed out by Ruff et al. (Am J Phys Anthropol 129 (2006) 484–498). It is demonstrated here that two loading scenarios, asymmetric bending and buckling, would indeed not lead to correct predictions of loads from strain. It is also shown that buckling is of limited relevance for many primate long bones. This challenges a widely held view that circular bone cross sections make loading directions unpredictable for bones which is based on a buckling load model. Asymmetric bending is a potentially confounding factor for bones with directional differences in principal area moments (Imax > Imin). Mathematical corrections are available and should be applied to determine the bending axis in such cases. It is concluded that loads can be reliably extrapolated from strains. More strain studies are needed to improve our understanding of the relationships between activities, bone loading regimes associated with them, and the cross‐sectional geometry of bones. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Titelbild: Sich durchdringende polare und unpolare Untergitter in intermetallischen Phasen: die Struktur von NaCd2 (Angew. Chem. 12/2007)
Authors: Fredrickson Daniel C. , Lee Stephen , Hoffmann Roald
Published: March 2007

Sonne und Mond sind keine gleichwertigen Partner – die beiden im Titelbild gezeigten Cluster, die in einigen ganz erstaunlichen intermetallischen Phasen wie NaCd2 auftreten, schon eher. Anhand elektronischer Überlegungen lässt sich die vollständige NaCd2‐Struktur aus sich durchdringenden Gittern polarer und nichtpolarer Cluster aufbauen, wie S. Lee, R. Hoffmann und D. C. Fredrickson im Aufsatz auf S. 2004 ff. erläutern. Das alchemistische Symbol, entworfen von Robert Vaughn, stammt aus Elias Ashmoles Theatricum Chemicum Britannicum.
Generalized electrostatic model of the wrapping of DNA around oppositely charged proteins
Authors: Arcesi Luca , Penna Giovanni La , Perico Angelo
Published: March 2007

Histonelike proteins in prokaryotes and histone octamers in eukaryotes carry large positive charges, which are responsible of strong electrostatic interactions with DNA. As a result, DNA wraps around proteins and genetic information is condensed. We describe a generalized model of these electrostatic interactions mediated by salt that explains the wrapping of DNA around the nucleosome octamer, around remodeling factors in eukaryotes and around histonelike proteins in prokaryotes. It comes out that small changes in protein dimension and charge produce large effects in the supramolecular DNA–protein architecture. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 86: 127–135, 2007.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Upper-limb resympathectomy
Authors: Haxton H A
Published: March 2007

Details are given of a case in which reoperation for upper-limb sympathectomy was carried out 7 years after the first operation. On each side the returned sympathetic activity was abolished by a removal of tissue from the area of the previous operation and without the production of Horner's syndrome. Gustatory sweating, which had developed after the first operation, was abolished by the second. These observations are discussed, particularly in relation to the writer's earlier tests with paravertebral blocks. It is concluded that the fibres responsible for sympathetic activity returning to the hand after sympathectomy arise from a regrowth of fibres sectioned at the operation. The writer's operation, designed to make functioning reconnexion more difficult, is more effective than the usual procedures.
Mucus-secreting adenocarcinoma of anal gland origin
Authors: Parks T G
Published: March 2007

An authenticated case of mucoid adenocarcinoma arising in an anal gland is presented and the literature on the subject is reviewed.
Intraperitoneal noxythiolin in faecal peritonitis
Authors: Browne M K , Stoller J L
Published: March 2007

Noxythiolin is a simple chemical compound which undergoes slow decomposition to liberate free formaldehyde. It is relatively non-toxic when given intraperitoneally to animals and has a high therapeutic ratio. When a lethal Gram-negative peritonitis has been induced in guinea-pigs with Proteus and coliform organisms, intraperitoneal injection of noxythiolin offers significant protection.

In humans with faecal peritonitis, the use of noxythiolin intraperitoneally reduces the morbidity and mortality of the condition. In this reported series of 23 cases, only 3 deaths occurred, 2 of which were from pulmonary embolism. It is suggested that this simple substance is a useful addition to our therapeutic armamentarium in all cases of peritonitis.
Acute septic arthritis complicating Crohn's disease
Authors: London Denys , Fitton J M
Published: March 2007

Two cases of infective arthritis of the right hip due to Crohn's fistulas are presented. These cases may present to the orthopaedic surgeon and require fairly radical surgical treatment.
Obstruction of the common bile-duct by fasciola hepatica occurrence in a boy of 12 years
Authors: Nicholas J L
Published: March 2007

A case is reported of acute obstruction of the common bile-duct by Fasciola hepatica, the common liver fluke, in a Yemeni boy of 12 years who was also found to be suffering from schistosomiasis.

At operation the fluke was removed by choledochotomy and cholecystectomy was performed.

No previous case of operative removal of Fasciola from the common duct of a child has been found in the literature although similar procedures have been done in children with the Chinese biliary obstructive syndrome.

The incidence, clinical features, diagnosis, and management of hepatic fascioliasis are discussed.
Tension pneumoperitoneum
Authors: Lagundoye S B , Itayemi S O
Published: March 2007

Two cases of tension pneumoperitoneum seen in 2 female adults in the University College Hospital, Ibadan, are described. One was a complication of abdominal and pelvic tuberculosis with tuberculous ulcers of the colon detected at autopsy. The other developed tension pneumoperitoneum following puerperal sepsis. In neither was a site of perforation detected nor were gas-forming organisms grown on culture. The literature on the subject is reviewed.
Clinical signs in deep-vein thrombosis
Authors: Hall Christine M , Clark C G
Published: March 2007

Forty-eight general surgical patients were examined for deep venous thrombosis for the first 5 postoperative days, both by the 125I-fibrinogen scanning technique and clinically. The results indicated that over half of the patients developing deep venous thrombosis could be accurately diagnosed by taking a combination of two or more of the following clinical signs: pain, tenderness, and oedema.
The anatomy and management of aneurysms of the internal iliac artery
Authors: Martin Peter , Frawley John E , Sripad Sushila
Published: March 2007

Very large aneurysms of the internal iliac artery cause distortion of the normal anatomy and this is described in some detail. The internal iliac artery has large parietal branches as well as visceral branches and control of the parietal branches is essential when surgery of such aneurysms is undertaken. The operation for such aneurysms is described.
Thrombectomy employing continuous radiological control
Authors: Mansfield Averil O , Carmichael J H E , Parry E W
Published: March 2007

An improved technique of thrombectomy is described.

A mobile image intensifier is used throughout the procedure, and the balloon of the Fogarty catheter is inflated with a radio-opaque medium.

The advantages of the technique are:— Accurate positioning of the caval occlusion catheter and demonstration of actual occlusion.Localization and manœuvring of the thrombectomy catheter in its passage to the vena cava.Detection of pelvic venous compressions.
Lipoprotein-lipase responses to heparin
Authors: Morris C M , Kirumba J , Furneaux R W , Ham J M
Published: March 2007

Recent evidence suggests an interrelationship between platelets, heparin, and the lipolytic enzyme, lipoprotein-lipase. It seems likely that heparin might influence platelet adherence through its activation of lipoprotein-lipase. The mode of activation of the enzyme by heparin may, therefore, be important clinically.

In these experiments the enzyme responses to increasing doses of heparin have been measured in dogs. The mean enzyme responses were found to be directly related to the logarithm of the heparin dose.
Sector mastectomy in selected cases of breast cancer
Authors: Taylor Hermon , Baker Richard , Fortt R Windsor , Hermon-Taylor John
Published: March 2007

Seventy-seven patients with stage I or II carcinoma of the breast, usually less than 5 cm. in diameter and more than 2·5 cm. from the nipple, were treated by sector mastectomy and postoperative radiotherapy. Fourteen subsequently required simple mastectomy for local recurrence. The 5-year survival rate was 71 per cent; the 10-year rate 50 per cent. The cosmetic result was good in the majority of cases.
Thyroid lymphography
Authors: Beales J S M , Nundy S , Taylor Selwyn
Published: March 2007

A simple method is described for demonstrating the lymphatic architecture and drainage of the thyroid gland, and has been applied to study patients with hyperthroidism, ultinodular goitre, and clinically solitary nodules.
Release of prostaglandin E2 and unidentified factors from ventilated lungs
Authors: Berry Elliott M , Edmonds John F , Wyllie John H
Published: March 2007

Prostaglandin E2 and unidentified substances were released from isolated lungs of guinea-pigs in response to inflation. If a similar release of prostaglandin occurs in vivo it may contribute to the hypotension which sometimes accompanies positive-pressure ventilation. It is even possible that the phenomenon plays a part in the normal control of blood-pressure.
Pyloromyotomy: Technique and use for gastric drainage combined with vagotomy
Authors: Marchand Paul
Published: March 2007

Gastric drainage must accompany vagotomy and for this purpose gastro-enterostomy and pyloroplasty are equally effective. When the stomach requires to be extensively mobilized, as for high oesophagogastric anastomoses, these drainage operations interfere with important collateral vessels and they may impede mobilization of the stomach by shortening or anchoring the gastric outlet. In this situation both internal pyloric stretching and stretch pyloromyotomy have, over a period of 10 years, provided effective gastric drainage. Internal pyloric stretching without myotomy would seem to be the ideal decompressive manoeuvre for cases of high gastrooesophagectomy.

Pyloric stretching with or without myotomy has been used in 56 cases of transthoracic hiatus hernia repair accompanied by vagotomy for associated duodenal ulcers. The technique was used originally only because it was simpler than a pyloroplasty to perform through a left thoracotomy. On the basis of postoperative symptoms, gastric emptying times, and fasting gastric secretion volumes, it has proved as effective as other drainage procedures provided duodenal or pyloric fibrosis is absent or minimal. The technique permits of accurate hernia repair with vagotomy through a standard left thoracotomy.
A new method for intra-operative identification of insulinomas
Authors: Keaveny T Vincent , Tawes Roy , Belzer Folkert O
Published: March 2007

A case is presented in which toluidine blue-O was used to identify an islet-cell tumour of the pancreas. Metastatic deposits in two lymph-nodes were also stained. The method is recommended in exploration of the pancreas, especially when no tumour is palpable, or to identify metastatic spread of an islet-cell tumour.
Undiagnosed traumatic diaphragmatic hernia
Authors: Samaan H A
Published: March 2007

In penetrating wounds and crushing injuries involving the chest and the abdomen, rupture of the diaphragm may be difficult to diagnose and is easily missed.

Strangulation and obstruction may occur at any time in a previously undiagnosed traumatic diaphragmatic hernia or it may present with acute pain in the chest and collapse due to perforation of a displaced viscus into the chest, a clinical appearance mimicking myocardial infarction. Severe pain in the shoulder and neck may occur due to irritation of the phrenic nerve; anorexia, vomiting, or disabling dyspnoea which may be sudden or of gradual onset over years may also be presenting signs.

The dome of the diaphragm may be torn transversely or obliquely. Occasionally complete detachment of the periphery of the diaphragm and rupture of the central tendon and pericadium may occur.

Eight cases of complications following undiagnosed traumatic diaphragmatic hernia are discussed. The importance of searching for a previous history of injury to the chest is stressed. The transthoracic approach for treatment in such cases seems the most suitable.
Bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase clearance from blood-plasma by perfusion through activated carbon
Authors: Barakat T , MacPhee I W
Published: March 2007

A prepared solution, human urine, bile, and stored blood were perfused through a carbon column. Urea, bilirubin, and calcium were adsorbed in particular, and the fluids became progressively more alkaline. Ammonia was not absorbed. In 6 dogs with obstructive jaundice, a haemoperfusion through a similar carbon column was carried out. A simple technique avoiding serious damage to the blood-cell elements is described. A reduction of the serum bilirubin and of the serum alkaline phosphatase occurred after haemoperfusion.
Treatment of experimental venous thrombosis with streptokinase and ancrod (Arvin)
Authors: Pitney W R , Raphael M J , Webb-Peploe M M , Olsen E G J
Published: March 2007

Phenol was applied to the exposed femoral veins of anaesthetized dogs and the fate of the induced thrombi was followed by serial phlebography and eventual histology. Thrombi less than 24 hours old were treated with a 9-hour infusion of streptokinase and patency was restored in 38 of 48 veins (79 percent). Rethrombosis had occurred 6 days later in all of 10 veins which received no further treatment. Five of 14 veins (36 per cent) remained patent when dogs were given treatment with ancrod following thrombolysis by streptokinase. Probable explanations for rethrombosis in the other 9 veins despite ancrod therapy were failure to clear the veins completely of thrombi with streptokinase and failure to maintain a sufficiently low level of plasma fibrinogen in some dogs because of bleeding. Streptokinase therapy followed by ancrod warrants further study in the treatment of deep-vein thrombosis.
Haemorrhagic shock in early acute pancreatitis a rare but significant event
Authors: Karmody A M , Galloway J M D
Published: March 2007

Serious haemorrhage late in the course of severe acute pancreatitis is an uncommon but wellrecognized condition. Massive intraperitoneal bleeding as a presenting symptom is extremely rare and has not previously been recorded. A case where bleeding occurred from the left gastric artery is presented. Attention is drawn to the need for laparotomy or paracentesis in the profoundly shocked patient with pancreatitis who fails to respond to conservative care, for in such cases the haemorrhage may readily be arrested and a fatal outcome averted.
Circuitry and technique of extracorporeal porcine liver perfusion for the treatment of hepatic coma
Authors: Chalstrey L J , Parbhoo S P
Published: March 2007

A technique is described for the treatment of patients in acute liver failure by perfusing their blood through an isolated pig liver. The circuit is arranged so as to allow good function of the perfused liver, irrespective of the condition of the patient or the blood-flow from his arterial cannula. of 3 patients so treated, 2 are alive and well.
Jaundice in acute cholecystitis
Authors: Watkin D F L , Thomas G G
Published: March 2007

A series of 144 patients with acute cholecystitis included 32 who were jaundiced. Seventy-three per cent of the jaundiced group had stones in the common bile-duct, compared with only 6.5 per cent of nonjaundiced patients. Jaundice in acute cholecystitis is, therefore, a strong indication for exploration of the common bile-duct. This applies not only to elective but also to emergency or early operation.
Embolization from arterial autografts in the rat
Authors: Froggatt D L
Published: March 2007

Arterial autografts act as foci for thrombus formation and subsequent embolization. The formation of thrombi and their embolization have been demonstrated using radio-iodine-labelled fibrinogen. The importance of such embolization is discussed.
Misleading features in the clinical diagnosis of the peripheral glomus tumour
Authors: Cooke S A R
Published: March 2007

The clincal features of the glomus tumour (Barré and Masson, 1924) are presented with a review of the literature and a study of 24 further cases. The less common symptoms and signs associated with tumours sited in the finger or thumb are defined and their pathological significance discussed. They include severe pain radiating to the arm or neck, hyperhidrosis, raised skin temperature, skin colour changes, and tissue atrophy. The salient points from 10 cases from the literature which demonstrate these features and 2 cases from the present series are presented. It is clear that the presence of such misleading signs and symptoms, unless their significance is realized, may on occasion lead to incorrect diagnosis and inappropriate therapy.
Haemorrhagic necrosis of the breast complicating anticoagulant therapy and mitral stenosis
Authors: Tong D
Published: March 2007

A case of necrosis of the breast following apparent spontaneous haemorrhage is reported. The patient was receiving anticoagulant therapy with phenindione for multiple pulmonary emboli complicating mitral stenosis.
The above-knee amputation for ischaemia
Authors: Hall R , Shucksmith H S
Published: March 2007

The results of 283 above-knee amputations for ischaemia, using techniques standardized since 1950, are described. The primary healing rate was 76 per cent and the mortality 9 per cent; these results compare favourably with those of published series for other sites of amputation. Antibiotic cover was not used. Seventy-five per cent of the patients were able to walk on appliances and attention is particularly drawn to the value of the short rocker pylons which have been fitted to the 25-cm. stumps of the bilateral amputee.
Hydronephrosis due to pelvi-ureteric obstruction in children. An assessment of the anterior transperitoneal approach
Authors: Eckstein H B , Kamal Ihab
Published: March 2007

Twenty-four children (29 kidneys) with hydronephrosis due to pelvi-ureteric obstruction are reviewed. Conservative plastic surgery to the pelviureterc junction is recommended and an anterior transperitoneal approach to the renal pelvis is advocated. Extrarenal drainage should be used and pyelostomy or nephrostomy is not usually necessary. While the clinical results are excellent the radiological changes tend to be more disappointing and a longer follow-up period may be required to improve the radiological appearances.
The role of protamine zinc insulin in accelerating wound healing in the rat
Authors: Udupa K N , Chansouria J P N
Published: March 2007

Protamine zinc insulin significantly increases the bursting strength of experimental abdominal wounds in rats. Better healing was also noticed in these wounds when studied histologically. There was an earlier appearance of collagen fibres in the treated wounds, and these fibres became compact, dense, and welloriented sooner than those in the control animals. There was no significant increase in the quantity of collagen fibres in treated animals when studied by the granuloma pouch technique.
Open reduction of traumatic dislocation of the hip in a child. Case report and a review of the literature
Authors: Fordyce A J W
Published: March 2007

A case is presented of traumatic dislocation of the hip in a child, requiring open reduction, together with a review of the literature.
Human breast carcinoma culture: The effects of hormones
Authors: Barker J R , Richmond C
Published: March 2007

Tumours from 14 patients with early carcinoma of the breast were cultured in vitro; successful growth of cells was obtained in 90 per cent of the 84 cultures. The rate of growth of the cells was assessed by glucose utilization and lactic acid production. Eight tumours were treated in vitro with prolactin and hydrocortisone; both hormones produced a decrease in the rate of growth of 1 tumour, hydrocortisone increased the growth rate in another, and in 6 the growth rate was unchanged. Six tumours were treated with stilboestrol, which produced a decrease in the rate of growth of 2 tumours, an increase in 1, and 3 were unchanged.
Below- and through-knee amputations in ischaemic disease
Authors: Chilvers A S , Briggs J , Browse N L , Kinmonth J B
Published: March 2007

Fifty-three below-knee amputations and 22 through-knee amputations were done for ischaemic disease at St. Thomas's Hospital over the past 5 years. It was found that 36 of the below-knee amputations healed satisfactorily, 27 by first intention, 9 after infection. Eleven of the through-knee amputations healed, 4 after infection. The healing was unaffected by the presence or absence of peripheral gangrene. It is suggested that is suggested that in ischaemic disease of the lower limbs a below-knee amputation should be considered as it has a 70 per cent chance of healing, but if it is felt that this amputation is not suitable then an above-knee amputation should be done in preference to a through-knee amputation.