bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Educación, enseñanza y didáctica en la contemporaneidad
Authors: Necuzzi Constanza
Published: October 2019

Las formas de conservación de los saberes son diversas y han ido variando a lo largo del tiempo. Podemos reconocer las sociedades ágrafas (orales) donde la conservación es a través de relatos orales aprendidos y retenidos de memoria, las sociedades alfabéticas (pre y post Gutenberg) con la primacía del libro y, finalmente, las sociedades audiovisuales (en la actual Era de la Información) donde el texto escrito se complementa con imágenes y sonidos. Los diversos recorridos de las tecnologías de soporte y distribución del conocimiento y las prácticas asociadas a ellas es sumamente interesante (por ejemplo: la historia de la lectura y de la escritura) pero no será objeto de este trabajo. Aquí nos centraremos en la actividad de transmisión de los saberes que ocurre entre los distintos sujetos, sujetos que en esa relación ocupan lugares diferentes tanto en relación con la posesión inicial o no de los saberes como en las posibilidades de su uso y reuso posterior. A esta actividad genérica de transmisión la llamaremos enseñanza. Y llamaremos didáctica al cuerpo teórico que estudia las prácticas de la enseñanza, buscando describirlas, explicarlas y fundamentarlas, a la vez que enunciar las normas para la mejor resolución de los problemas que se presentan en el transcurso de la actividad misma.
El fascismo en la pantalla: Vincere (Italia, Bellochio, 2009)
Authors: Marzorati Zulema , Pombo Mercedes
Published: October 2019

Vincere constituye una mirada oblicua sobrela Italia fascista, una película realizada a partir de la figura de Ida Dalser, amante de Benito Mussolini y madre de su primogénito Benito Albino, nacido en 1915. Tanto Ida como su hijo no figuran generalmente en los libros que recrean los acontecimientos que hacen al fascismo histórico. 

 Bellocchio los visibiliza mostrando sus vidas trágicas, encerrados hasta su muerte en hospitales psiquiátricos para evitar el conocimiento de una relación extramatrimonial que limitaría al Duce su carrera hacia el poder. 

El film constituye una parábola biográfica a través de la cual se explora las marcas y huellas que relacionan la trayectoria individual de Dalser con los orígenes, consolidación y caída del fascismo. Y como todo cine histórico, reconstruye hechos del pasado para abordar el presente de Italia resignificado.
La estética del trauma y el discurso de la memoria: personajes infantiles ante el terror estatal en Infancia clandestina (Ávila, Argentina, 2011)
Authors: Tal Tzvi
Published: October 2019

Analizando las funciones alegóricas e ideológicas de narrativas cinematográficas de iniciación centradas en personajes infantiles que recuerdan las dictaduras militares, la presencia del concepto de Genocidio en el discurso sobre el terror estatal ejercido por la última dictadura cívico militar y los usos de la animación como artefacto estético que representa momentos traumáticos considerados irrepresentables mediante la estética realista, el articulo sostiene que Infancia clandestina prosigue una corriente particular de cine de Hijos de desaparecidos, ofreciendo una visión del pasado que idealiza a los combatientes Montoneros pero cuestiona el precio personal que pagan los huérfanos. Esta variante, alternativa a la memoria cinematográfica de la generación vinculada a la experiencia de la guerrilla Montonera, no se contrapone al discurso hegemónico durante los gobiernos de Nestor Kirchner y Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, sino se deslinda como un memoria particular que se ve parte del discurso kirchnerista.
Desmaterialización e inmaterialidad en el contexto contemporáneo del Diseño
Authors: Lemgruber Queiroz Leila
Published: October 2019

Este artículo incluye reflexiones sobre la importancia de considerar, en la actitud proyectual del diseño, la desmaterialización y la inmaterialidad. El enfoque va dirigido a los atributos de sostenibilidad en el escenario de la Posmodernidad. Lo que se pretende recalcar son paradigmas innovadores sobre la configuración de artefacto que decontruyen el sistema convencional de producción, distribución y consumo. Las cuestiones que se tratan en el texto se refieren a los factores condicionantes de la cultura material, así como de la cultura inmaterial.
Arte y Transformación social. El aporte de artistas (circenses) en el diseño de políticas culturales urbanas
Authors: Infantino Julieta
Published: October 2019

En el marco de una diversificación y pluralización del campo de las políticas culturales, desde los años 1990 aunque con mayor intensidad en los 2000 en el contexto Latinoamericano, comienza a desarrollarse un área de propuestas, acciones y políticas culturales que postulan al arte como estrategia para la transformación social. Dicha área se gestó, en gran medida, desde propuestas de colectivos artísticos y experiencias comunitarias que fueron resignificando el “rol social” del arte y las potencialidades del mismo para desarrollar políticas culturales inclusivas. Desde las mismas se propone luchar contra la segregación urbana, la estigmatización de grupos vulnerables y la desigualdad de oportunidades de acceso y participación en la cultura y las artes en el marco de un paradigma de democracia participativa que aboga por la ampliación de derechos (culturales).

En este trabajo propongo analizar el rol de artistas (circenses) –conformados ahora en organizaciones de la sociedad civil y devenidos en activistas, diseñadores/gestores/trabajadores culturales–, en la proposición crítica de alternativas ante paradigmas que han caracterizado a las políticas culturales. Estos paradigmas han instalado, entre otros aspectos, a la cultura como “recurso” para luchar contra los efectos indeseados del neoliberalismo promoviendo la gestión del riesgo social atribuido frecuentemente a los jóvenes pobres urbanos. La intención es analizar opciones que se enfrentan a esta retórica de control de las poblaciones afectadas por el desarrollo neoliberal a través del arte y la cultura y que pregonan el diseño de estrategias redistributivas, ancladas en un paradigma de derechos, que disputen inequidades y garanticen igualdad en el acceso, participación y producción cultural urbana.
Teaching to Transition Design: A Case Study on Design Agility, Design Ethos, and Dexign Futures
Authors: Scupelli Peter
Published: October 2019

Los educadores de diseño luchan por enseñar habilidades básicas en los cursos de diseño tradicional necesarias para la práctica del Diseño para la Transición. El cambio a nivel de los sistemas del Diseño para la Transición, hacia una sociedad sostenible, plantea tres desafíos: (a) ¿Qué experiencias de diseño preparan mejor a los estudiantes para participar en cambios a nivel de los sistemas para futuros sociales sostenibles? (b) ¿Qué podría ser un proyecto de Diseño para la Transición acotado a un curso de estudio de un semestre de duración? (c) ¿Qué habilidades de diseño se necesitan para facilitar distintas coaliciones humanas que busquen la sostenibilidad social? En este documento, describo ejercicios fundamentales para desarrollar habilidades de diseño, introducidas en tres cursos de diseño, para preparar a los estudiantes para los desafíos del tipo de Diseño para la Transición.
Transition Design: Teaching and Learning
Authors: Rohrbach Stacie , Steenson Molly
Published: October 2019

Para el desarrollo del Diseño para la Transición, resulta fundamental su base en la Educación Superior. La base teórica que informa la práctica del Diseño para la Transición se desarrolla a partir de un proceso emergente compuesto de hipótesis, teoría y pruebas en entornos educativos. Estos enfoques, que se centran en abordar desafíos específicos, complejos y basados en la localización, deben adaptarse para abordar la naturaleza de contextos específicos y el aprendizaje variado de las cohortes de alumnos y sus respectivas necesidades. Este documento argumenta la importancia y la integración cuidadosa del Diseño para la Transición en la educación de diseño, e introduce un plan de estudios para estudiantes de diseño de pregrado y doctorado. Describe los métodos y herramientas que se utilizan en nuestra enseñanza, describe los éxitos, identifica los desafíos, presenta ideas para mejorar y propone oportunidades para el desarrollo.
O Brasil através das histórias em quadrinhos de humor
Authors: Dos Santos Roberto Elísio
Published: October 2019

Este trabajo es el resultado de la investigación realizada en el Programa de Postgrado en Comunicación de la Universidad Municipal de São Caetano do Sul (USCS), en Brasil, cuyo objetivo es entender cómo la trayectoria política y social de Brasil fue retratada por dibujantes brasileños desde el siglo XIX hasta la contemporaneidad a través del humor. Para lograr este objetivo, una investigación documental y un análisis de contenidos y del contexto se llevó a cabo, así como la división en cinco grandes períodos en la historia del país y la producción de historietas.
Vanguardias artísticas y videojuegos: retomar el pasado para el mercado futuro
Authors: García Aranguren Erick
Published: October 2019

Los videojuegos son productos creativos donde los autores han experimentado con diseños del campo estético. A lo largo del tiempo, sus imágenes y narrativas se han visto enriquecidas por las vanguardias artísticas cinematográficas, particularmente de aquellas surgidas en la década del ´20. Este ensayo se propone describir cómo algunos videojuegos encuentran en estas corrientes estéticas un desarrollo transmoderno, entendido -en palabras de Magda de Rodríguez–, como el espacio/tiempo que retoma y recupera las vanguardias, las copia y las vende.
Metamorfose Corporal na Moda e no Carnaval
Authors: Oliveira de Araújo Carlos Roberto
Published: October 2019

El objetivo del siguiente artículo es presentar un estudio de los desafios de la forma de los cuerpos generados en el ámbito de la Moda y el Carnaval Carioca. El cuerpo es un vehículo esencial de la existencia humana en cualquier cultura y viene convirtiéndose cada vez más crítico en el mundo contemporáneo. El ser humano existe y participa de los grupos sociales a través de su cuerpo. Independientemente de su género, el cuerpo es mucho más que un conjunto de músculos y huesos, es también la ropa y el estilo que lo decoran, es la imagen que por medio de él es producida; constituyéndose en un desafio permanente para los profesionales de la moda. El dualismo de sexo y género constituye una dimensión crítica de dichos procesos.
Sexo, género y ropas
Authors: Leite Jorge Jr
Published: October 2019

Las ropas y adornos corporales han sido siempre uno de los signos más importantes de la representación del estatus social de las personas en determinada época y/o cultura. En nuestra sociedad, “género, cuerpo y vestimenta” están íntimamente ligados, contribuyendo a delimitar jerarquías, niveles de poder e incluso posibilidades de cambio. En ese sentido, el argumento principal de este artículo es que, si bien hasta el final del siglo XVIII y el inicio de la modernidad, hombres y mujeres eran reconocidos socialmente principalmente por su función y posición social y, consecuentemente, por las ropas adecuadas a estas funciones y posición; es durante el siglo XX que el foco de este reconocimiento social se consolida en el cuerpo fisiológico, al tiempo que la moda refuerza y desdibuja este mismo reconocimiento.
La construcción del lenguaje gráfico en el diseño de moda y la transformación del cuerpo femenino
Authors: Moretti Nancy de P.
Published: October 2019

El presente artículo aborda el tema de Diseño de Moda analizando el proceso de codificación de la expresión gráfica, en el sentido de entender cómo sucedió el modo de hacer, crear y producir vestimentas a lo largo de la historia de la moda. También, trata de identificar el proceso acumulativo de transformaciones del cuerpo orgánico natural a través de las representaciones mediadas por los diseños hasta transformarse en cuerpo de moda, es decir, en Diseño de Moda.
The Application of Multi‑Criteria Taxonomy to Comparative Analysis of Structures of Sustainable Development
Authors: Cheba Katarzyna , Bąk Iwona Dorota
Published: October 2019

One of the most common errors in research on sustainable development is to analyse a set of features describing this development within one set of diagnostic features. Such an approach does not allow for examining the real changes taking place within each area of sustainable development. These changes may have a completely different direction in the case of indicators describing, for example, the economic area or the environmental area of sustainable development. The solution is to consider the indicators separately for each area and then compare the results obtained. In this work, multi‑criteria taxonomy was used for this purpose. The study used indicators published by Eurostat to monitor progress in implementing the Agenda for Sustainable Development 2030 from 2008 and 2016. The results presented in the paper confirmed the considerable diversity of the EU countries in each area of sustainable development and their large heterogeneity.
ОЦЕНКА ИНФОРМАТИВНОСТИ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ФИЛЬТРАЦИОННЫХ ПАРАМЕТРОВ ПЛАСТА НА ОСНОВЕ ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИИ КРИВЫХ СТАБИЛИЗАЦИИ ДАВЛЕНИЯ
Authors: Мартюшев Дмитрий Александрович , Слушкина Анна Юрьевна
Published: October 2019

Актуальность работы обусловлена тем, что основным источником информации о фильтрационных параметрах пласта являются гидродинамические исследования скважин (КВД или КВУ). Для определения достоверных параметров удаленной от скважины зоны пласта длительность регистрации КВД и КВУ должна быть достаточно продолжительной, что приводит к потерям в добыче нефти. Для определения фильтрационных характеристик пласта, а также снижения потерь при проведении гидродинамических исследований можно использовать метод исследования скважин без их остановки – метод стабилизации давления (КСД). Однако недостаточно изученным остается вопрос анализа и обработки результатов замеров с записью кривых стабилизации давления, которые, как и КВД, могут дать требуемую информацию о параметрах пласта. Цель: сравнение результатов определения параметров пласта на основе анализа и интерпретации кривых восстановления давления, кривых стабилизации давления и анализа добычи в программном продукте KAPPA Workstation v.5.20.01 (модули Saphir и Topaz). Объект: терригенные коллектора месторождений Пермского края. Методы: современный программный продукт 5-го поколения KAPPA Workstation v.5.20.01 (модули Saphir и Topaz). Результаты. Рассматривается особо актуальная проблема интерпретации данных ГДИ в низкопроницаемых коллекторах, поскольку по причине низких фильтрационно-емкостных свойств коллектора давление в скважинах восстанавливается в течение длительных периодов времени, и, несмотря на это, полного восстановления давления добиться удается не всегда. В случаях, когда КВД являются недовосстановленными, достоверно определить фильтрационные параметры пласта невозможно, либо возможно их определить оценочно. В свою очередь, исследования методом стабилизации давления и анализ добычи в большинстве случаев имеют большую продолжительность по времени, чем исследования методом КВД, и, следовательно, на диагностическом графике можно четко выделить участок радиальной фильтрации и получать достоверные параметры пласта. В итоге проведенного анализа можно сделать вывод, что при сопоставлении результатов, полученных при интерпретации КВД, с данными при обработке кривых стабилизации давления и анализа добычи выявлена высокая сходимость и погрешность между значениями составляет менее 5 %.
РАСЧЕТ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СТРУЙНОГО АППАРАТА ДЛЯ ОПТИМАЛЬНОГО РЕЖИМА СОВМЕСТНОЙ РАБОТЫ С УСТАНОВКОЙ ЭЛЕКТРОЦЕНТРОБЕЖНОГО НАСОСА
Authors: Сарачева Диана Азатовна , Вахитова Роза Ильгизовна , Уразаков Камил Рахматуллович
Published: October 2019

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью решения проблемы удаления газа, скапливающегося в затрубном пространстве нефтедобывающих скважин, на приеме погружного электроцентробежного насоса. Избыточное количество свободного газа в пространстве между обсадной колонной и насосно-компрессорными трубами способствует образованию гидратных пробок, снижению динамического уровня в скважине, в результате чего может наступить срыв подачи и возможна полная остановка добычи нефти. Для откачки свободного газа предлагается использовать струйный аппарат при совместной эксплуатации с электроцентробежным насосом, при этом важно правильно рассчитать место расположения эжектора в скважине и диаметр сопла. Цель: разработать и предложить методику расчета параметров струйного аппарата для оптимального режима совместной работы с электроцентробежным насосом. Объект: струйный аппарат для удаления затрубного газа в скважинах, оборудованных установками электроцентробежных насосов и имеющих высокий газовый фактор. Методы. Поставленная проблема решалась на базе статистического анализа промысловых данных с применением информационных современных методов обработки результатов. Использован метод математического моделирования при расчете основных параметров струйного аппарата для обеспечения оптимального режима при их совместной работе с установками электроцентробежных насосов. Результаты. Предложена математическая модель комплектования электроцентробежного насоса совместно со струйным аппаратом, предназначенным для откачки затрубного газа, в результате этого получены аналитические зависимости, определяющие оптимальные параметры и расчетные величины струйного аппарата, обеспечивающие устойчивую работу системы «электроцентробежный насос – струйный аппарат». Разработана методика расчета места расположения эжектора в скважине, эксплуатируемой установкой электроцентробежного насоса.
ЗОЛОТО-СУЛЬФИДНО-КВАРЦЕВОЕ МЕСТОРОЖДЕНИЕ БАРСУЧИЙ (СЕВЕРО-ВОСТОЧНАЯ ТУВА): МИНЕРАЛОГО-ГЕОХИМИЧЕСКИЕ ОСОБЕННОСТИ И УСЛОВИЯ ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ
Authors: Кужугет Ренат Васильевич , Прокопьев Илья Романович , Редина Анна Андреевна , Анкушева Наталья Николаевна
Published: October 2019

Золоторудные объекты в скарнах широко распространены в геологических структурах Восточной Тувы, но их промышленная оценка сопряжена со значительными трудностями из-за слабой изученности их минералого-геохимических особенностей. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью расшифровки генезиса и условий образования золоторудных объектов, локализованных в скарнах. Цель: установление минералого-геохимических особенностей и условий формирования руд месторождения Барсучий в Северо-Восточной Туве. Методы: полевые исследования, детальные минералогические исследования с изучением рудной минерализации в полированных шлифах (аншлифах) с помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа Tescan Vega 3 sbu с ЭДС Oxford Instruments X-act. Условия формирования минеральных ассоциаций определялись термобарогеохимическими методами. Результаты. Установлено, что золоторудная минерализация на месторождении Барсучий является постскарновой и имеет гидротермальный генезис, образуя прожилково-вкрапленное и прожилковое оруденение штокверкового типа в диоритах, контактовых (роговики, скарны) и гидротермально-метасоматических породах. Околорудные процессы на месторождении выражены в березитизации и лиственитизации кварцевых диоритов, скарнов и карбонатных пород. Отложение самородного золота происходило в две стадии. По составу продуктивных минеральных ассоциаций Барсучий отвечает золото-пирротин-пирит-халькопиритовому типу с калаверитом AuTe2, петцитом Ag3AuTe2, гесситом Ag2Te и минералами ряда теллуровисмутит-теллурантимон. Рудоотложение золота на месторождении происходило из водных растворов с хлоридами Na и K, содержащих CO2 и CH4, с солёностью 1,7−10,5 мас. % NaCl-экв. при изменении окислительно-восстановительного потенциала среды при вариациях f S2, f Se2, f Te2 и снижении температуры рудоносного флюида (первая продуктивная стадия – 360–280 °С, вторая – 320–240 °С). По минералого-геохимическим особенностям месторождение Барсучий относится к малосульфидной золото-сульфидно-кварцевой формации и близко к месторождениям золото-висмутового геохимического типа.
Influence of the Brewing Temperature on the Taste of Espresso
Authors: Klotz Johanna A. , Winkler Gertrud , Lachenmeier Dirk W.
Published: October 2019

Very hot (> 65 °C) beverages such as espresso were evaluated by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as probably carcinogenic to humans. For this reason, research into lowering beverage temperature without compromising its quality or taste is important. For espresso, one obvious possibility consists in lowering the brewing temperature. In two sensory trials using ISO 4120:2004 triangle test methodology, brewing temperatures of 80°C vs. 128°C and 80° vs. 93°C were compared. From the tested levels, espresso brewed at the lowest temperature had the highest acceptance. However, most tasters were unable to distinguish between 80°C and 93°C. The results of these pilot experiments proof the possibility to decrease the health hazard of very hot beverages by lower brewing temperatures.
Cognitive Fusion Mediates the Relationship between Dispositional Mindfulness and Anxiety and Other Negative Emotions: A Study in a Sample of Spanish Primary-School Students
Authors: García-Gómez María , Guerra Joan , López-Ramos Victor M. , Mestre José M.
Published: October 2019

Nowadays, mindfulness-based interventions (MBI) have experimented a remarkable development of studies among childhood and adolescent interventions. For this reason, dispositional mindfulness (DM) measures for children and adolescents have been developed to determine the effectiveness of MBI at this age stage. However, little is known about how key elements of DM (f. e., cognitive de/fusion or experiential avoidance that both conform psychological inflexibility) are involved in the mechanisms of the children and adolescents’ mental health outcomes. This research examined the mediating effect of cognitive fusion between DM and anxiety and other negative emotional states in a sample of 318 Spanish primary-school students (aged between 8 and 16 years, M=11.24, SD=2.19, 50.8% males). Participants completed the AFQ-Y, which is a measure of psychological inflexibility that encompasses cognitive defusion and experiential avoidance; CAMM (DM for children and adolescents), PANAS-N (positive and negative affect measure for children, the Spanish version of PANASC), and STAIC (an anxiety measure for children). The study accomplished ethical standards. As MBI relevant literature has suggested, cognitive defusion was a significant mediator between DM and symptoms of both negative emotions and anxiety in children and adolescents. However, experiential avoidance did not show any significant mediating relationship. Probably, it is needed improvement of the assessment of experiential avoidance. MBI programs for children and adolescents may include more activities for reducing the effects of the cognitive defusion on their emotional distress.
Trend Analysis of Tuberculosis Cases and the Effect of HIV Cases on Tuberculosis Cases in Some West African Countries Using Panel Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression Models
Authors: Adenomon Monday Osagie , Akinyemi Gbenga Solomom
Published: October 2019

Tuberculosis cause of death worldwide and the leading cause from a single infectious agent, ranking above Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The aim of this study is to ascertain the trend of tuberculosis prevalence and the effect of HIV prevalence onl Tuberculosis case in some West African countries from 2000 to 2016 using count panel data regression models. The data used annual HIV and Tuberculosis cases spanning from 2000 to 2016 extracted from online publication of World health Organization (WHO). Panel Poisson regression model and Negative binomial regression model for fixed and random effects were used to analyzed the count data, the result revealed a positive trend in TB cases while increased in HIV cases leads to increase in TB cases in West African countries. Among the competing models used in this study, Panel Negative Binomial Regression Model with fixed effect emerged the best model with log likelihood value of -1336.554. This study recommended that Government and NGOs need more strategies to fight against HIV menace in West Africa as this will in turn reduced TB cases in West Africa.
Perbedaan Metode Penambahan Bahan Penghancur Secara Intragranular-Ekstragranular Terhadap Sifat Fisik Serta Profil Disolusi Tablet Ibuprofen
Authors: Rohmani Sholichah , Rosyanti Hilda
Published: October 2019

Amilum pro tablet (Amprotab) sebagai bahan penghancur memiliki kekuatan pada aksi kapiler yang akan menarik cairan ke dalam tablet dan diharapkan dapat mempercepat waktu hancur tablet sehingga mempermudah ibuprofen untuk melarut. Kecepatan hancurnya tablet ditentukan oleh posisi bahan penghancur. Secara intragranular tablet akan dipecah menjadi partikel penyusun. Sedangkan secara ekstragranular tablet akan dipecah menjadi granul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode penambahan bahan penghancur secara intragranular, ekstragranular dan kombinasinya terhadap sifat fisik dan profil disolusi tablet ibuprofen. Pembuatan tablet ibuprofen dilakukan dengan metode granulasi basah. Tablet formula 1 dibuat secara intragranular, formula 2 kombinasi intragranular-ekstragranular dengan perbandingan 50:50 dan formula 3 secara ekstragranular. Granul kering yang homogen kemudian diuji sifat fisik granul meliputi : waktu alir dan sudut diam. Kemudian dicetak dengan diberi tekanan kompresi yang sama. Evaluasi tablet meliputi keseragaman bobot, kekerasan, kerapuhan, waktu hancur, penetapan kadar dan disolusi. Hasil yang diperoleh dibandingkan dengan literatur standard dan dianalisis secara statistik. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwa penambahan amprotab sebagai bahan penghancur secara intragranular dan ekstragranular dengan perbandingan konsentrasi yang berbeda mempengaruhi sifat fisik pada keseragaman bobot, kekerasan, kerapuhan dan waktu hancur serta profil disolusi tablet ibuprofen, tetapi tidak berpengaruh pada kadar ibuprofen yang terkandung dalam tablet. Formula tablet yang baik yaitu F2 karena menghasilkan tablet yang memenuhi semua syarat uji sifat fisik tablet dan profil disolusi tablet ibuprofen.
Quantifying Disaster Casualties Centered on Flooding in the Chikugo River Middle Basin in the Past 400 Years to Determine the Historical Context of the July 2017 Northern Kyushu Torrential Rainfall
Authors: Teramura Jun ,   Faculty of Engineering, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan, Shimatani Yukihiro
Published: October 2019

In this study, we collated the number of deaths caused by disasters that took place in the Chikugo River middle basin on the island of Kyushu, Japan, from the 1600s to 2017. The compilation of quantitative statistics of floods in Japan began in the modern era, while the statuses of previous disasters are described by vague indices and are thus difficult to quantify. In this study, we geographically restricted our investigation to the Chikugo River middle basin. We quantified the scale of each disaster by using the number of deaths recorded in historical documents. We then compared the disasters that took place in the area since the 1600s to identify the potential disaster risks harbored by our study area. During the period examined, the great famine from 1732 to 1733 was the greatest disaster and caused the most deaths. However, this is the only recorded famine for which fatalities were documented. Meanwhile, floods occurred frequently through this period, 26 of which resulted in fatalities: they had a total death toll of 292. Thus, famines occur infrequently but cause severe damage, whereas floods occur frequently but cause relatively minor damage. During the approximately 400 years examined, there were four floods with death tolls exceeding 30 people. Three of these occurred after 1868, when the modern era of Japan began. Meanwhile, there have been almost no small-scale floods during and after the modern era. By quantitatively assessing the disasters’ scales, we were able to establish that the 2017 northern Kyushu torrential rainfall was the fourth gravest water-related disaster, in terms of its death, toll since the 1600s. If only the north bank of the Chikugo River middle basin is considered, it was the greatest flood disaster to occur in this period.
Analysis of the Attitude Within Asia-Pacific Countries Towards Disaster Risk Reduction: Text Mining of the Official Statements of 2018 Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction
Authors: Sasaki Daisuke ,   International Research Institute of Disaster Science (IRIDeS), Tohoku University 468-1 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
Published: October 2019

This study aims to investigate the attitude within Asia-Pacific countries towards disaster risk reduction (DRR) through text mining of the official statements of the 2018 Asian Ministerial Conference on Disaster Risk Reduction. The official statements can be considered as a proxy of the participating countries’ stances on DRR. As methodology, four different kinds of text mining techniques were adopted; namely, word frequency list, hierarchical cluster analysis, co-occurrence network, and correspondence analysis for the sake of quantitative content analysis. Consequently, the word frequency list showed that words such as “development (develop)” and “climate change” seemed to be distinctive of the conference focusing on DRR issues. The result of hierarchical cluster analysis seemed to imply that the participating countries, namely their governments, had appeared to be keen to implement the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) along with their national DRR policies and to connect DRR with their development, while climate change had not been directly linked to the SFDRR and was stated as another global issue closely related to DRR. Considering that the SFDRR is closely related to the SDGs and the Paris Agreement, the observation of these contrasting results of the text mining analysis is a noteworthy finding. The result is also consistent with that of the co-occurrence network. The result of the correspondence analysis implied that the statement announced by Japan had appeared to have a characteristic feature in comparison to other statements. One possible reason for this is that there was no explicit reference to climate change, while the countries faced with disasters caused by climate change, such as those in the Pacific Islands, tended to focus on it.
Effects of Post-Disaster Aid Measures to Firms: Evidence from Tohoku University Earthquake Recovery Firm Survey 2012–2015
Authors: Isoda Yuzuru , Masuda Satoru , Nishiyama Shin-Ichi ,   Earth Science Division, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University 6-3 Aramaki-aza-Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan,   Graduate School of Economics and Management, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan,   Graduate School of Economics, Kobe University, Hyogo, Japan
Published: October 2019

Panel data of individual firms are a valuable source of information on the disaster resilience of the regional economy. Such data also helps to assess the effectiveness of government aids to recovery. Every year after the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011, from 2012 to 2015, Tohoku University’s Graduate School of Economics and Management conducted the Tohoku University Earthquake Recovery Firm Survey (TERFS) to obtain such information. The survey collected 25,826 responses over the 4-year period from a total of 11,090 firms in the east Tohoku region, the most severely affected region. Based on this survey, this paper assesses the effects of the conventional and new government recovery aid measures introduced to help firms affected by the disaster on the levels of business activity. The paper finds that group subsidy and debt reduction had important roles in the recovery of business activities, and demonstrates the importance of a panel survey in understanding and guiding policies for the resilience of the regional economy.
Analyzing the Association Between Disaster Risk Preparedness and Environmental Consciousness of Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: The Case of Sukagawa City, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Kimura Naoko ,   Graduate School of Global Environmental Studies, Kyoto University Oiwakecho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan, Hoshino Satoshi , Onitsuka Kenichiro
Published: October 2019

This study aims to clarify the relation between preparedness status and the local natural resource conservation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). SMEs are key actors in sustainable development and local disaster risk reduction. To ensure the quick recovery of business, SMEs are expected to formulate a Business Continuity Plan (BCP). However, the rate of formulation has thus far not been very high among SMEs. This study conducted a questionnaire survey in 2017 targeting SMEs in Sukagawa, Fukushima. We analyzed the 240 responses collected through a Multiple Correspondence Analysis and used Cramer’s coefficient of association to determine the strength of association. Major findings are as follows: 1) Environment-related indices were associated with both BCP formulation and business size, and these associations indicate the possibility of connecting environmental actions or management to BCP formulation. 2) In the association between BCP formulation status and environmental actions, the environmental management system had a stronger association than business size (capital, number of employees). 3) The group interested in the conservation of regulating services related to local natural resources (reducing CO2 emission, water quality, aquatic plants and animals) had a higher rate of BCP formulation. 4) This group considers mutual help more important than self-help or public help. 5) Capital and number of employees have a strong association with both BCP formulation status and their interest in participating in local natural resource conservation. Activities with local society and stakeholders may collectively increase SMEs’ awareness with neighbor enterprises or the local community. It would help both SMEs and local society to build a seamless attitude toward disaster risk reduction, which would contribute to local sustainability.
Impression of the Reconstruction and Satisfaction with Life After the Great East Japan Earthquake: Tago Nishi’s Disaster Restoration Public Housing
Authors: Tsukada Shinya , Morita Tetsuo ,   Maebashi City Office 2-12-1 Otemachi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8601, Japan,   Maebashi Institute of Technology, Gunma, Japan
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to evaluate life in disaster reconstruction public housing, and structurally clarify the relationship between the impression of the reconstruction from the viewpoint of the sufferers’ sense of recovery and the residents’ internal satisfaction. The target area of the study was the earthquake disaster reconstruction public housing in the Tago Nishi area, Sendai City, Miyagi Prefecture. The impression of the reconstruction, as expressed by people living in disaster recovery public housing, consists of an evaluation of external environments, such as the living environment and the working environment. Moreover, the impression of the reconstruction that is evaluated in the external environment is measured through a psychological evaluation, both before and after the restoration of the residence. Further, the impression of the reconstruction affects the satisfaction with life in the reconstruction public housing. This study quantitatively clarified this relationship as a model. The impression of the reconstruction was evaluated on the basis of three items – living environment, disaster threat, and work environment – which encompass the external environment of the residents. The results are as follows. The maintenance of the work environment was rendered an important factor to improve the impression of the reconstruction. As a result of measuring the differences between the seven psychological items before and after the earthquake, the prevalence of the feelings of “Anger/Joy,” “Depression/Bright,” and “Apathy/Willingness” made it clear that the monitoring of change in the area had a strong influence on the impression of the reconstruction. In addition, satisfaction with life, which makes up the residents’ internal environment, was evaluated using the following four items: Convenience, Comfort, Safety, and Community. The results made it evident that all four items had a strong influence on life satisfaction, and, among them comfort had the greatest influence.
Study on Disaster Medical Response During the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster Based on Essential Elements of Information – Nine Days at Iwate Prefecture from Hyperacute Phase to Subacute Phase –
Authors: Akitomi Shinji , Kokogawa Tomohiro , Kosaka Naoko , Maeda Yuji , Hayashi Haruo , Murai Jun , Meguro Kimiro ,   Department of Traumatology and Critical Care Medicine, National Defense Medical College 3-2 Namiki, Tokorozawa, Saitama 359-8513, Japan,   NTT Secure Platform Laboratories, Tokyo, Japan,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED), Tsukuba, Japan,   Keio University, Kanagawa, Japan,   The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
Published: October 2019

During the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster, the medical team’s responses in Iwate Prefecture Disaster Emergency Operations Center experienced various difficulties, especially during the first 9 days. In this paper, we propose to objectively reveal problems of response activities from the viewpoint of operational information processing by the After Action Review, focusing on the activity logs in the time series (chronologies). By using Essential Elements of Information (EEI) as a framework of our analysis, we clarified the gap between the task that should be performed and the actual conditions in the operation of Japan Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT), from the hyperacute phase to the subacute phase of medial responses.
Extratympanic Observation of Middle and Inner Ear Structures in Rodents Using Optical Coherence Tomography
Authors: Oh Se-Joon , Lee Il-Woo , Wang Soo-Geun , Kong Soo-Keun , Kim Hong-Ki , Goh Eui-Kyung
Published: October 2019

Objectives. This study aimed to investigate whether optical coherence tomography (OCT) provides useful information about the microstructures of the middle and inner ear via extratympanic approach and thereby could be utilized as an alternative diagnostic technology in ear imaging.Methods. Five rats and mice were included, and the swept-source OCT system was applied to confirm the extent of visibility of the middle and inner ear and measure the length or thickness of the microstructures in the ear. The cochlea was subsequently dissected following OCT and histologically evaluated to compare with the OCT images.Results. The middle ear microstructures such as ossicles, stapedial artery and oval window through the tympanic membrane with the OCT could be confirmed in both rats and mice. It was also possible to obtain the inner ear images such as each compartment of the cochlea in the mice, but the bone covering bulla needed to be removed to visualize the inner ear structures in the rats which had thicker bulla. The bony thickness covering the cochlea could be measured, which showed no significant differences between OCT and histologic image at all turns of cochlea.Conclusion. OCT has been shown a promising technology to assess real-time middle and inner ear microstructures noninvasively with a high-resolution in the animal model. Therefore, OCT could be utilized to provide additional diagnostic information about the diseases of the middle and inner ear.
Predictors of clinical outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy in patients ≥75 years of age: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Champ-Rigot Laure , Cornille Anne-Laure , Ollitrault Pierre , Pellissier Arnaud , Chequel Mathieu , Legallois Damien , Milliez Paul
Published: October 2019

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy has been shown to benefit selected patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction. Older patients have been underrepresented in randomized trials. This study was conducted to determine whether predictive factors for cardiac resynchronization therapy outcomes differ in patients older and younger than 75 years of age.
Methods: Consecutive patients who received a cardiac resynchronization device cardiac resynchronization therapy between 2013 and 2016 in our center were retrospectively included in this cohort study. The primary endpoint was cardiac resynchronization therapy effectiveness, which was defined as survival for one year with both no heart failure hospitalization and improvement by one or more NYHA class. The secondary endpoints were mortality, complications, and device therapies.
Results: Among the 243 patients included, 102 were ≥75 years old. Cardiac resynchronization therapy effectiveness was observed in 70 patients (50%) <75 years old and in 48 patients (47%) ≥75 years old (p=0.69). NYHA class ≥III (OR=6.02; CI95% [1.33-18.77], p=0.002) was a predictive factor for cardiac resynchronization therapy effectiveness only in the ≥75-year-old group, while atrial fibrillation was independently negatively associated with the primary endpoint in the <75-year-old group (OR=0.28; CI95% [0.13-0.62], p=0.001). The one-year mortality rate was 14%, with no difference between age groups. Rescue cardiac resynchronization therapy and atrial fibrillation were independent predictive factors for mortality in both age groups. Eighty-two complications occurred in 45 patients (19%), with no difference between groups. Defibrillator use and QRS duration were independent predictive factors for complications in both age groups. There was no difference between groups considering device therapies.
Conclusion: At one year, cardiac resynchronization therapy response is not compromised by patient age. In older patients, highly symptomatic individuals with NYHA class ≥III have better outcomes after cardiac resynchronization therapy.
Effect of yoga on sleep quality and insomnia in women with sleep problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Weili , Chen Kuang-Huei , Pan Ying-Chieh , Yang Szu-Nian , Chan Yuan-Yu
Published: October 2019

Objectives

To examine the effectiveness and safety of yoga for women with sleep problems by performing a systematic review and meta-analysis.Methods

Medline/PubMed, Clincalkey, ScienceDirect, Embase, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were searched throughout the month of June 2019. Randomized controlled trials comparing yoga groups with control groups in women with sleep problems were included. Two reviewers independently evaluated risk of bias by using the risk of bias tool suggested by the Cochrane Collaboration for programming and conducting systematic reviews and meta-analyses. The main outcome measure was sleep qualityor the severity of insomnia, which was measured using subjective instruments, such as the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Insomnia severity index (ISI), or objective instruments, such as polysomnography, actigraphy, and safety of the intervention. For each outcome, standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined.Results

Nineteen studies including 1832 participants were included in this systematic review. Meta-analyses revealed positive effects of yoga using PSQI or ISI scores in 16 randomized control trials (RCTs) compared with the control group in improving sleep quality in women, PSQI (SMD = −0.54; 95% CI = −0.89 to −0.19 ; P = 0.003). However, three RCTs revealed no effects of yoga compared with the control group in reducing the severity of insomnia in women using ISI (SMD = −0.13; 95% CI = −0.74 to 0.48; P = 0.69). Seven RCTs revealed no evidence for effects of yoga compared with the control group in improving sleep quality for women with breast cancer using PSQI (SMD = −0.15 ; 95% CI = −0.31 to 0.01; P = 0.5). Four RCTs revealed no evidence for the effects of yoga compared with the control group in improving the sleep quality for peri-or postmenopausal women using PSQI (SMD = −0.31; 95% CI = −0.95 to 0.33; P = 0.34).Yoga was not associated with serious adverse events.Discussion

This systematic review and meta-analysis found that yoga intervention in some groups of women was beneficial in managing sleep problems. Despite certain disadvantages in methodology in the included studies, yoga may be recommended as a complementary therapy to women.
Inter-rater Reliability in Clinical Assessments: Do Examiner Pairings Influence Candidate Ratings?
Authors: Faherty Aileen , Finn Yvonne , Counihan Tim , Kropmans Thomas
Published: October 2019

BackgroundThe reliability of clinical assessments is known to vary considerably with inter-rater reliability a key contributor. Many of the mechanisms that contribute to inter-rater reliability however remain largely unexplained and unclear. While research in other fields suggests personality of raters can impact ratings, studies looking at personality factors in clinical assessments are few. Many schools use the approach of pairing examiners in clinical assessments and asking them to come to an agreed score. Little is known however, about what occurs when these paired examiners interact to generate a score. Could personality factors have an impact?

Methods:

A fully-crossed design was employed with each participant examiner observing and scoring. A quasi-experimental research design used candidate’s observed scores in a mock clinical assessment as the dependent variable. The independent variables were examiner numbers, demographics and personality with data collected by questionnaire. A purposeful sample of doctors who examine in the Final Medical examination at our institution was recruited.

Results:

Variability between scores given by examiner pairs (N=6) was less than the variability with individual examiners (N=12). 75% of examiners (N=9) scored below average for neuroticism and 75% also scored high or very high for extroversion. The higher an examiner’s personality score for extroversion, the lower the amount of change in his/her score when paired up with a co-examiner; reflecting possibly a more dominant role in the process of reaching a consensus score.

Conclusions:

While the variability between scores given by examiner pairs (N=6) was less than the variability with individual examiners (N=12), the reliability statistics for both assessments were comparable. However, using paired examiners resulted in a more accurate and robust score than simply averaging two independent examiners scores. The higher an examiner’s personality score for extroversion, the lower the amount of change in his/her score when paired up with a co-examiner; reflecting possibly a more dominant role in the process of reaching a consensus score. These findings could have implications for the organisation and administration of clinical assessments. Further studies with larger numbers of participants might establish if personality testing before choosing examiner pairs should be adopted.