bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antioxidant and Anticancer Activity Assessment of N. Oleander on the Hacat Skin Cancer Cell
Authors: Yadav Manish Kumar , Sharma Komal , Shukla Ajay Kumar
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: Aim and objective: The study aimed to use in-vitro DPPH and the HaCaT skin cancer cell line method to examine hydroalcoholic leaf extract's antioxidant and anticancer properties from Nerium oleander. Methodology: The hydroalcoholic extract of Nerium oleander was prepared to assess antioxidants and anti-cancers using the in-vitro DPPH and MTT assay method against the HaCaT skin cancer cell line. Results: The antioxidant activity of Nerium oleander hydroalcoholic leaves extract was found to be IC50 =896.9µg/ml, equivalent to IC50= 10.93µg/ml of ascorbic acid, and IC50 = 91.49±0.181µg/ml effective against the HaCaT skin cancer cell line. Further research against carcinogenesis from the hydroalcoholic extract of Nerium oleander leaves, which demonstrated therapeutic potential against cancer cells, can yield significant results. Conclusion: The bioactive chemicals of Nerium oleander leaves may be beneficial for treating skin cancer. Limitations: The study's emphasis on in-vitro tests, which might not accurately capture the nuances of in-vivo settings, has limitations. To confirm the extract's potential for medicinal use, more research should examine its safety and efficacy in animal models and human trials.
Probiotic Potential of Bacillus Strains Isolated from Traditional Cassava Ferments (Manihot esculenta Crantz)
Authors: Boli Zamblé Bi Irié Abel , Kakou Abodjo Celah , Goly Kouassi Roselin Cyrille , N’goran Yao Serge Junior , Nevry Rose Koffi- , Koussemon Marina
Published: October 2024

ABSTRACT: Probiotic potentials of Bacillus strains isolated from traditional cassava ferments, notably their growth at different pH, bile salts, temperatures, NaCl and antibiotics, their inhibition of pathogenic bacteria, non-production of hemolytic enzymes as well as the formation of biofilm were studied. These different probiotic parameters were determined according to the referenced methods. The results obtained showed that all Bacillus strains resisted acidic pH with the highest growths (7.29± 1.40) × 108 CFU/mL and (5.14±0.15) × 108 CFU /mL obtained with Bacillus toyonensis respectively at pH 2 for 24 hours and at pH 3 for 4 hours. All Bacillus strains grow well at 37°C and 44°C, despite their optimum growth temperature of 30°C. They also showed good growth at different bile salt concentrations and were multi-resistance to antibiotics Ciprofloxacin (100%), as was B. subtilis to Rifampicin (100%) but they were multi-sensitive (100%) to Amoxicillin, Imipenem, Gentamycin, Penicillin, Vancomycin, Chloramphenicol and Rifampicin except B. pumilus and B. methylotrophicus which were sensitive to Rifampicin (77%). Bacillus strains inhibited more than half of the pathogens (80.27% with S. aureus and 65.09% with E. coli). No strain showed hemolytic activity but rather a good capacity to form a biofilm (optical density ranging from 0.663 ± 00 to 3.15 ± 02 nm).
DDR 1989/90 – Mediale Repräsentationen, Erfahrungen und Deutungen von Ermächtigung und Entmachtung
Authors: Jehle May
Published: October 2024

Erfahrungen und Deutungen im Kontext der Friedlichen Revolution und des folgenden Transformationsprozesses
ГДР в 1989–1990 гг.: репрезентация в СМИ, опыт наделения и лишения политических прав и полномочий, а также его интерпретация
Authors: Йеле Май
Published: October 2024

Опыт и его интерпретация в контексте мирной революции и последующего процесса трансформации
The production and utility of evidence synthesis during the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: perspectives of evidence synthesis producers
Authors: Corrin Tricia , Cairney Paul , Kennedy Eric B.
Published: October 2024

Background:

COVID-19 accentuated an evergreen dilemma in evidence-informed policy making: the imperative to synthesise the best available evidence with limited time to produce high quality synthesis. The pandemic prompted the adaptation of evidence synthesis practices to match the urgency of the crisis, and heightened demand by policy makers, while maintaining a focus on quality. This study documents the response to these challenges from the perspectives of those who produced evidence syntheses in Canada.

Methods:

A qualitative phenomenological study was conducted between October 2022 and January 2023. Data collection included interviews with 22 participants within 19 organisations across seven provinces. A thematic analysis was performed and reported narratively.

Results:

Evidence synthesis producers in Canada adapted in response to the demands of different types of requests during the pandemic. Participants described several key challenges in responding to end-users, in which a lack of knowledge of evidence synthesis processes and products prompted difficult questions and unrealistic expectations. They responded to the needs of evidence synthesis requestors by creating custom syntheses, utilising rapid review methodologies, emphasising limitations and incorporating recommendations into syntheses.

Discussion and conclusion:

The evidence synthesis field was able to adapt to pandemic challenges in valuable ways. Still, this experience accentuates disconnects between producers and users, including differing views on the purpose, methods, limitations and implementation of synthesis findings.
Predicción en estudiantes universitarios de la Conducta prosocial y de la penalización de actos como faltas y delitos, a partir de la empatía
Authors: Esparza-Reig Javier , Martí-Vilar Manuel , Rodriguez Lucas
Published: October 2024

La empatía es la capacidad de una persona para sentirse identificada con algo o alguien y, si es el caso, compartir sus sentimientos. Esta capacidad podría influir en comportamientos que conlleven un componente moral como son la conducta prosocial y la penalización de faltas y delitos. El objetivo fue poner a prueba un modelo de interacción de variables según el cual la empatía actuaría como variable independiente y la conducta prosocial y la penalización de faltas y delitos lo harían como variables dependientes. Estas variables se midieron en una muestra de 180 estudiantes universitarios con una media de edad de 20.05 años (DT= 1.83). Los resultados mostraron un buen ajuste con el modelo teórico planteado: X2= .82 (p = .37, gl = 1), así como unos adecuados índices de ajuste y de error de ajuste: GFI=.998; AGFI=.973; CFI=1; RMR=.002 y RMSEA=.000. La empatía se muestra como buena predictora de la conducta prosocial y de la penalización de faltas y delitos. Los resultados concluyen que el modelo teórico propuesto es correcto y la empatía es predictora de las dos variables dependientes; esto conlleva que potenciar la capacidad empática de las personas reducirá el riesgo de que estas lleven a cabo conductas antisociales.
Gentrificación y desposesión de lugar: Dinámicas subjetivas del desplazamiento simbólico y la micro-segregación.
Authors: Di Masso Tarditti Andrés , Berroeta Torres Héctor , Pradillo Caimari Cristina , Aleu Barnadas Laia
Published: October 2024

La gentrificación es un proceso de transformación urbanística que provoca desplazamientos excluyentes de la población residente y su sustitución progresiva por grupos sociales de mayor poder adquisitivo. A la expulsión directa o indirecta de población se añade el desplazamiento simbólico de quienes continúan residiendo en el lugar. El desplazamiento simbólico se define por un conjunto de afectaciones y malestares psicosociales asociados a la ruptura, debilitamiento o pérdida sentidas del vínculo personal, socio-afectivo y comunitario de la persona con su entorno de vida, es decir, por un proceso simbólico de desposesión de lugar. Este artículo examina algunas de las principales dinámicas subjetivas que articulan la desposesión de lugar, a partir de un estudio cualitativo de caso basado en entrevistas en movimiento a residentes y ex residentes en un barrio de Barcelona. Desde un enfoque micro-político que interpreta el desplazamiento simbólico como expresión en el plano ‘psi’ de prácticas capitalistas de des/re-subjetivación para la revalorización del capital, destacamos tres dinámicas simbólicas: dislocaciones de la identidad de lugar que debilitan el sentimiento de agencia; rearticulaciones del apego al lugar que psicologizan el vínculo afectivo con el entorno; y micro-segregaciones como expulsiones interiores que representan al mismo tiempo la vulneración y la expresión del derecho a habitar. El artículo pretende aportar elementos ‘psi’ útiles para la crítica y la politización del malestar en la gentrificación.
Escala de Deshonestidad Académica en estudiantes universitarios: estructura interna y asociación con autoeficacia académica
Authors: Dominguez Lara Sergio Alexis , Lingán Huamán Susana
Published: October 2024

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Deshonestidad Académica (EDA) en una muestra de 527 estudiantes de psicología (75.5% mujeres) de una universidad privada de Lima Metropolitana, Perú. Para analizar la estructura interna se ejecutó un modelamiento exploratorio de ecuaciones estructurales, para la asociación con la autoeficacia académica (AA) se usó el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, y la fiabilidad se analizó para las puntuaciones directas (alfa de Cronbach) y el constructo (coeficiente omega). Los resultados indican que, luego de eliminar cinco ítems, el modelo de tres dimensiones (trampa en exámenes, plagio, y falsificación) presenta evidencia favorable. Del mismo modo, fueron obtenidos indicadores aceptables de fiabilidad con relación al constructo y a las puntuaciones, pero la asociación con la AA fue insignificante. En conclusión, las propiedades psicométricas de la EDA son satisfactorias en su estructura interna y fiabilidad, lo que permite utilizarla para la evaluación de la conducta académica deshonesta.
Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scales (DASS-21): Factor structure, reliability, invariance and validity of the Catalan Version
Authors: Malas Olga , Tolsá María Dolores
Published: October 2024

The aim of this study was to analyse the evidence of validity, invariance and reliability of the Catalan version of the 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21), using the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equation modelling (ESEM) approach. Then, to reassess the best structure obtained in a different validation sample. The items tested correspond to those in the original version of the DASS-21, after transcultural adaptation. The questionnaire was applied to a non-clinical sample of adults (n= 716), of both sexes and a mean age of 40.94 years (SD= 15.21). For study, the sample was randomly-split into two groups: calibration sample, and cross-validation sample. In first subsample nine models were tested. As the first-order three-factor CFA model was the most parsimonious, with well-defined factors that were also supported in terms of their reliabilities (α and ω) and validities, it was selected as the preferred model. The invariance between genders was tested using the total sample. Considering all findings, the Catalan version of DASS-21 is invariant, reliable and shows construct validity, making it a suitable instrument for use in research in the Catalan adult population.
Depresión, Celos y su relación con Ideación y riesgo suicida, en la población española
Authors: Avendaño Prieto Bertha Lucía , Betancort Montesinos Moisés
Published: October 2024

Introducción: Los celos, la depresión, la ideación suicida y el riesgo suicida, son vías asociadas al suicidio, la atención de estas rutas concentra esfuerzos para incrementar conocimiento con el ánimo de favorecer la prevención de este suceso. Objetivo general: estudiar la relación entre celos, depresión, ideación suicida y riesgo suicida en población española. Método: La muestra está compuesta por 246 ciudadanos españoles. Instrumentos:  los participantes respondieron en julio del año 2021 una batería de pruebas: el instrumento para evaluar celos patológicos (CECLA), la escala de depresión (SDS), el Inventario de ideación suicida positiva y negativa (PANSI) y la “Escala de riesgo suicida” (RS). La estrategia metodológica utilizada fue predictiva transversal. Resultados: se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las características sociodemográficas y las diferentes variables de estudio. Conclusiones: Con un modelo de regresión logística binaria se halló que las variables edad, sexo, nivel de ingresos familiares, ideación suicida y depresión, predicen entre el 46 y 76% de la varianza del riesgo suicida.
Influencia de la ansiedad rasgo y la sintomatología depresiva sobre la conducta de sobreingesta
Authors: Juárez-Loya Angélica
Published: October 2024

Emociones como la ansiedad y la depresión pueden contribuir a la aparición de la conducta de sobreingesta, y esta puede provocar sobrepeso y obesidad. En este estudio se evaluó la interacción entre la ansiedad rasgo y la sintomatología depresiva con la sobreingesta en un modelo general y por grupos (sexo e IMC), por medio de ecuaciones estructurales. Para ello, se realizó un muestreo no probabilístico y accidental, y se reunió a un grupo de 1.332 adultos mexicanos (de 18 a 65 años); sin embargo, tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión, quedó una muestra final de 713 mujeres y 451 hombres. Se aplicó entonces una batería de pruebas utilizando el Inquisit Web y se cuidaron los aspectos éticos necesarios en este tipo de investigaciones. En todos los modelos evaluados la sintomatología depresiva contribuye a la aparición de la sobreingesta y la ansiedad solo en los grupos de peso normal (con relación inversa) y sobrepeso (con relación directa). Los resultados abonan evidencias que pueden contribuir al diseño de intervenciones preventivas.
Esquemas maladaptativos, ansiedad por la salud y salud mental de estudiantes universitarios durante la pandemia
Authors: Restrepo Jorge Emiro , Castañeda Quirama Tatiana , Zambrano Cruz Renato
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: este estudio examinó, a través de un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, si los dos esquemas maladaptativos influyen en la ansiedad por la salud y si ésta tiene un efecto sobre la salud mental, en particular los síntomas de ansiedad y depresión, en estudiantes universitarios. Diseño: se realizó un estudio con un enfoque cuantitativo, ex post facto, no experimental, de nivel explicativo y transversal. Mediante un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia, se incluyeron 1004 estudiantes universitarios de tres universidades. Resultados: se pudo demostrar, a través de un análisis de senderos, que los esquemas maladaptativos influyen en la ansiedad por la salud y la ansiedad por la salud afecta a la salud mental de los estudiantes universitarios (CMIN/DF = 2,411; RMR = 0,036; GFI = 0,936; AGFI = 0,925; NFI = 0,918; CFI = 0,95; RMSEA = 0,038 [LO 90 = 0,036; HI 90 = 0,042]). El modelo mostró que el esquema de autocontrol insuficiente tiene un fuerte efecto sobre el temor a la enfermedad y el temor a la enfermedad predice los síntomas psicológicos de ansiedad y depresión. Conclusión: El modelo desarrollado en el presente estudio mostró que la ansiedad por la salud explica parte de la sintomatología psicológica en estudiantes universitarios. Además, pudimos explicar parte de la ansiedad por la salud apelando a dos esquemas maladaptativos.
Adultez emergente: patrón de relaciones interpersonales, consumo de alcohol y psicopatología
Authors: Campos-Arregui Sonia , Lacomba-Trejo Laura , Valero-Moreno Selene , Pérez-Marín Marián
Published: October 2024

La adultez emergente (AE) es una etapa de transición entre la adolescencia y la adultez, en la cual se desarrollan la identidad y nuevos roles sociales. Los vínculos establecidos en la infancia influirán en la psicopatología, el consumo de alcohol y en las relaciones interpersonales que se establecerán posteriormente, siendo el apego inseguro un factor de riesgo de psicopatología. El objetivo fue conocer los factores asociados con el malestar psicológico en la AE. Tras firmar el consentimiento informado, los participantes (n=217) de 18 a 25 años (70% mujeres), respondieron una encuesta que evaluó el apego adulto (CR), la psicopatología (SA-45), la dependencia emocional (DE) (IRIDS-100) y el consumo de alcohol (AUDIT). Predominaron los estilos de apego inseguros, la codependencia emocional ya la sintomatología ansioso-depresiva. Un peor modelo de sí mismo se relacionó con mayor malestar psicológico y con relaciones interpersonales disfuncionales. El consumo de alcohol se relacionó positivamente con mayor psicopatología y con dependencia sentimental. Nuestro estudio subraya que sería interesante promocionar las vinculaciones afectivas seguras en la infancia para prevenir el malestar psicológico en el futuro, así́ como las relaciones interpersonales disfuncionales.
Duty and Ambition in Louisa May Alcott Poems, Old and New
Authors: Chapnick Max L.
Published: October 2024

abstract: This essay introduces four poems under the pseudonym Flora or F. Fairfield that were most likely written by Louisa May Alcott. Although recent scholarship attends to nineteenth-century women poets, scholars have not considered Alcott's poetry at length or in detail. After engaging with Alcott's poetry writ large, this essay closely examines the four poems uncovered here and argues that, as a more unprofitable and personal form, poetry helps reveal a central tension in Alcott's work and biography: between her aesthetic aspirations and her dutiful pursuit of supporting her family.
The Missing Wreath: On JFK's Grave & Mrs. Mellon's Maquette
Authors: Henderson Gretchen Ernster
Published: October 2024

Abstract: The Fall 2024 Issue. Ploughshares is an award-winning journal of new writing. Since 1971, Ploughshares has discovered and cultivated the most innovative voices in contemporary American literature, and now provides readers with thoughtful and entertaining literature in a variety of formats. Find out why the New York Times named Ploughshares "the Triton among minnows." The Fall 2024 Issue, edited by Ladette Randolph, features prose by Andre Dubus III, Gretchen Ernster Henderson, Benjamin Hoffmann, Aiysha Jahan, Joy Notoma, Shuchi Saraswat, Jen Silverman, Richard Stock, and Daniel Taylor.
Metal-dielectric dispersive mirrors for ultraviolet lasers
Authors: Liu Chang , Wang Yanzhi , Chen Yu , Lu Yesheng , Wang Zhihao , Feng Yukang , Chen Tiandao , Yu Yue , Pan Jinyu , Huang Zhiyuan , Pang Meng , Leng Yuxin , Shao Jianda
Published: October 2024

We report a broadband metal-dielectric dispersive mirror (MDDM) based on Al/SiO2/HfO2 thin films operating in the near-ultraviolet (UV) region. Demonstrating the combined benefits of both the wide reflective bandwidth of aluminum in the UV region and the flexible dispersion control capability of HfO2/SiO2 multilayer films, the MDDM has a wide bandwidth, low total thickness, and precise dispersion compensation ability. We propose an initial design based on a shortwave reflection enhancement structure (SWRES) to prevent shortwave light from obtaining a second time-dispersion compensation in the deep metal layer. The SWRES can effectively suppress group delay dispersion (GDD) oscillations in MDDMs. The designed MDDM with low GDD oscillation, low total thickness, and a wide working band was successfully fabricated and characterized. The MDDM was used to generate 15 fs UV pulses. This study demonstrates that metal-dielectric structures can enhance the performance of UV dispersive mirrors and lays the foundation for a new generation of UV femtosecond laser equipment.
Optical turbulence simulations over the Tibetan Plateau based on a single-column model with high-order closure
Authors: Yang Kaixuan , Luo Tao , Li Xuebin , Cui Shengcheng , Wu Xiaoqing , Zhang Kun
Published: October 2024

Optical turbulence limits the maximum resolution of ground-based telescopes and leads to image degradation. The use of atmospheric numerical techniques to forecast optical turbulence is crucial for observation scheduling and optimization of adaptive optic systems. Current research methods for forecasting optical turbulence are primarily based on mesoscale models with turbulence closure techniques to parameterize the key terms required for C
n
2 calculations under the assumption of atmospheric quasi-steady-state balance, and then the integrated astroclimatic parameters related to C
n
2 profile can be obtained. In this study, we propose what we believe to be a novel approach to forecast C
n
2 using a boundary layer parameterization based on higher-order turbulence closure in the single-column framework of the CLUBB model. Compared to mesoscale models, the CLUBB model serves as a single-column model, which simplifies modifications and reduces compilation time, and is more conducive to testing the performance of C
n
2 parameterization scheme. In the design of C
n
2 parameterization scheme, we consider a more complete physical process rather than omitting certain terms to obtain a steady-state solution. The performance of the model is evaluated using measurements obtained during a field campaign conducted at Da Qaidam site above the Tibetan Plateau. The results show that the model is able to capture typical features of the C
n
2 profile evolution under convective conditions. Comparison of the model with contemporaneous sounding measurements and quantification of the model’s performance using statistical operators demonstrate the statistical agreement between simulations and measurements. In terms of atmospheric seeing, we can observe a bias of 0.01 and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 0.31 without any model calibration, which outperforms the results of previous mesoscale modeling studies. In addition, the new parameterization scheme is also compared with two representative C
n
2 algorithms previously used in the mesoscale models, with some improvements observed. The potential demonstrated by this approach is expected to bring greater value and advancement to the research of three-dimensional forecasting of optical turbulence in the future by coupling with the mesoscale model.
Simple and high-resolution method for displacement sensing using self-mixing interferometry
Authors: Amin Saqib , Orakzai Muhammad Sadiq , Khan Zohaib Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Self-mixing interferometry (SMI) is widely used for vibration, velocity, and displacement measurement applications. Many complex and computationally intensive phase unwrapping algorithms have already been proposed to obtain high-resolution measurements, but there remains a requirement for a high-resolution yet simple method for displacement measurement. In this work, a high-resolution yet simple improved unwrapping method (IUM) is proposed, which addresses the limitations of the previously proposed simple but low-resolution method, consecutive sample-based unwrapping (CSU). IUM shows a remarkable improvement of 49% over CSU. IUM was assessed for a broad range of SMI signals, and results revealed that IUM is capable of processing SMI signals from all three main feedback regimes with an average RMS and peak error of 37.7 nm and 113.3 nm, respectively. Such a high-resolution method with a straightforward processing methodology is a vital step towards real-time independent displacement sensors capable of performing high-resolution measurements.
Fathers’ engagement in a parenting program primarily intended for female caregivers: An early qualitative process evaluation in Western Kenya
Authors: Jeong Joshua , McCann Juliet K. , Bhojani Alina , Maguet Zane , Uyehara Malia , Ochieng Michael
Published: October 2024

Parenting programs predominantly target one caregiver of the child or most commonly the child’s mother. However, fathers are also important caregivers whose engagement in interventions can benefit child health, nutrition, and development. In August 2023, a qualitative process evaluation was conducted during the first quarter of implementation to assess initial fidelity, quality, and outcomes of a parenting program in rural Western Kenya. In-depth interviews were conducted with female and male caregivers along with in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with program delivery agents. This secondary analysis specifically focused on stakeholders’ perceptions of father involvement in the program and aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to fathers’ participation, initial program impacts when fathers were involved, and recommendations for increasing father inclusion. Thematic content analysis was conducted, and data were triangulated across stakeholder groups. Overall, relatively few fathers participated in the program. Nevertheless, for the rare cases of participating fathers, stakeholders highlighted positive changes in fathers’ caregiving attitudes and practices. Key barriers to fathers’ program engagement included restrictive gender norms and perceived opportunity costs. Stakeholders suggested several strategies for better reaching fathers, including providing financial incentives and flexible scheduling of sessions. Overall, we found that fathers’ participation and program experiences were starkly different from those of mothers. Gender-responsive program adaptations and father-targeted implementation strategies are likely to increase the fathers’ engagement in parenting programs, which in turn may facilitate greater program impacts on family caregiving and child outcomes. Future evaluations of parenting programs should combine qualitative and quantitative approaches to more comprehensively assess program impacts on fathers and over time.
Explanatory models in real-world clinical interactions at a pediatric cancer center in Guatemala
Authors: Harrison Laura C. , Rivas Silvia , Fuentes Lucia , Cáceres-Serrano Ana , Ferrara Gia , Antillon-Klussmann Federico , Rodriguez-Galindo Carlos , Mack Jennifer W. , Graetz Dylan E.
Published: October 2024

Explanatory models (EMs) are used in medical anthropology to characterize individual understandings of illness. This study investigated how interdisciplinary clinical interactions elicited caregiver EMs at a pediatric cancer center in Guatemala. This qualitative study included caregivers of 20 children with newly diagnosed cancer at Unidad Nacional de Oncología Pediátrica (UNOP) in Guatemala City, Guatemala. UNOP’s diagnostic process includes social work intake, psychoeducation with a psychologist, and a diagnostic conversation with an oncologist and psychologist. Audio-recordings from the diagnostic process and a semi-structured interview were obtained, transcribed, and translated from Spanish. Transcripts were coded using a priori codes based on the five explanatory model (EM) components (occurrence, causation, pathophysiology, course of sickness, and treatment), as well as disease, and illness accounts. Thematic content analysis explored the EM framework as applied to diagnostic interactions between families and clinicians. All five components of the EM were addressed during the diagnostic process at UNOP. Clinicians, particularly psychologists, initiated conversation about the EM more than caregivers. When prompted, caregivers discussed all aspects of the EM but only rarely mentioned pathophysiology. Disease accounts were primarily described by clinicians, while caregivers used illness accounts to describe cancer causation. Clinicians validated existence of both disease and illness accounts. UNOP’s interdisciplinary team elicited families’ beliefs and facilitated in-depth discussion of all aspects of the EM, leading to a shared understanding of cancer and its treatment. Utilizing the EM framework in clinical practice may support culturally-competent pediatric cancer care.
Age, period, and cohort effects of Clonorchis sinensis infection prevalence in the Republic of Korea: Insights and projections
Authors: Jung Sung-mok , Kang Heewon , Jung Bong-Kwang , Ju Sejin , Ju Jung-Won , Lee Myoung-Ro , Kim Jong-hun , Kim Sung Hye
Published: October 2024

Background

With decades of containment efforts, the prevalence of C. sinensis infection in Korea has shown a declining trend. However, well-tailored intervention assessments remain challenging, particularly when considering the potential impacts of cohort variations in raw freshwater fish consumption behavior, a major transmission route to humans, on this observed decline.

Methodology

We applied an age-period-cohort modeling approach to nationally representative C. sinensis infection prevalence data from 1981–2012 in Korea to assess age, period, and cohort effects on its secular trend and to project the age-stratified prevalence up to 2023.

Principal findings

Our analysis suggests that both cohort and period effects have substantially contributed to the declining prevalence of C. sinensis infection in Korea. Age-stratified projections up to 2023 suggest a decline in prevalence across all age groups, while those aged over 40 are anticipated to maintain prevalences above the elimination threshold of 1%.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the importance of incorporating cohort effects into intervention assessments aimed at controlling C. sinensis infection. The effectiveness of interventions remains evident in Korea despite adjusting for the cohort effect. This approach, applicable to other endemic countries, would provide valuable insights for intervention assessments and inform future public health planning to eliminate C. sinensis infection.
Assessment of psychological resilience in a large cohort of the general population: Validation and norm values of the RS-5
Authors: Reinwarth Anna C. , Hahad Omar , Ghaemi Kerahrodi Jasmin , Brähler Elmar , Lieb Klaus , Gilan Donya , Zahn Daniela , Chalabi Julian , Schuster Alexander K. , Schepers Markus , Lackner Karl J. , Schattenberg Jörn M. , Ruf Wolfram , Wild Philipp S. , Daiber Andreas , Michal Matthias , Beutel Manfred E. , Münzel Thomas
Published: October 2024

Background

Psychological resilience is known as a protective factor against mental health disorders for which valid measures are indispensable. The present work aims to evaluate the Resilience Scale-5 (RS-5) psychometrically, and provide norm values.

Methods

Data from the Gutenberg Health Study (GHS), encompassing 7,496 participants aged 25 to 86, spanning the years 2017 to 2022, was used. Selectivity, item difficulty, internal consistency, construct and factor validity, as well as factorial invariance were tested. Additionally, correlations and associations with depression, anxiety, and sociodemographic factors were determined. Furthermore, norm values were provided.

Results

The RS-5 displayed robust psychometric properties. Participants reported an average resilience score of 28.94 (SD = 5.53, median = 30, IQR = 6, range = 5–35), with those aged ≥75 exhibiting the highest resilience levels (M = 30.21, SD = 5.75, median = 32, IQR = 7). The RS-5 displayed a very good model fit, affirming measurement invariance across sex and age decades. Construct validity found support through anticipated intercorrelations with related psychological constructs. Significant correlations (p < .001) linked higher resilience with female gender, advanced age, higher education, elevated household income, and diminished psychological distress.

Conclusion

The RS-5 emerged as a reliable and economic instrument for assessing psychological resilience in individuals aged 25 to 86. The study unraveled distinct sociodemographic characteristics significantly tied to resilience levels within this cohort. In contributing recent norm values tailored to the German population, this research enhances the practical applicability of the RS-5 across diverse contexts and enriches our comprehension of the demographic nuances associated with psychological resilience.
Facile synthesis of Fe-doped ZIF-8 and its adsorption of phosphate from water: Performance and mechanism
Authors: Miao Zhijia , Song Xueqiang , Wang Xiaolei , Wang Hao , Li Shuoyang , Jiao Zhen
Published: October 2024

To remove phosphate from water, a novel Fe-doped ZIF-8 was synthesized as a superior adsorbent. The Fe-doped ZIF-8 was fully characterized using different characterization techniques and it was found that the as-prepared Fe-doped ZIF-8 (denoted as ZIF-(2Zn:1Fe)) showed a polyhedral morphology with a large specific surface area of 157.64 m2/g and an average pore size of 3.055 nm. Analyses using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction showed that Fe atoms were successfully incorporated into the ZIF-8 skeleton. Batch experiments demonstrated that the molar ratio of Fe and Zn has effects on phosphate adsorption. The adsorption kinetics conformed to a pseudo-second-order model with a high correlation coefficient (R2 = 0.9983). The adsorption isotherm matched the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.9994) better than the Freundlich model (R2 = 0.7501), suggesting that the adsorption of phosphoric acid by ZIF-(2Zn:1Fe) can be classified as a chemisorption on a homogeneous surface. The adsorption amount was 38.60 mg/g. It was found that acidic environments favored the adsorption reaction and the best adsorption was achieved at an initial pH of 2. Inhibition of adsorption by common anions is NO3-> CO32-> SO42-> Cl-. Characterization results indicate that the main mechanism of adsorption is surface complexation interactions.
Spectrum of COVID-19 cases in Arkhangelsk, Northwest Russia: Findings from a population-based study linking serosurvey, registry data, and self-reports of symptoms
Authors: Krieger Ekaterina , Kudryavtsev Alexander V. , Sharashova Ekaterina , Samodova Olga , Kontsevaya Anna , Postoev Vitaly A.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The spectrum of COVID-19 manifestations makes it challenging to estimate the exact proportion of people who had the infection in a population, with the proportion of asymptomatic cases likely being underestimated. We aimed to assess and describe the spectrum of COVID-19 cases in a sample of adult population aged 40–74 years in Arkhangelsk, Northwest Russia, a year after the start of the pandemic.

Materials and methods

A population-based survey conducted between February 24, 2021 and June 30, 2021 with an unvaccinated sample aged 40–74 years (N = 1089) combined a serological survey data, national COVID-19 case registry, and self-reported data on COVID-19 experience and symptoms. Based on the agreement between these sources, we classified the study participants as non-infected and previously infected (asymptomatic, non-hospitalized and hospitalized symptomatic) cases, and compared these groups regarding demographics, lifestyle and health characteristics.

Results

After a year of the pandemic in Arkhangelsk, 59.7% 95% confidence intervals (CI) (56.7; 62.6) of the surveyed population had had COVID-19. Among those who had been infected, symptomatic cases comprised 47.1% 95% CI (43.2; 51.0), with 8.6% 95% CI (6.6; 11.1) of them having been hospitalized. Of the asymptomatic cases, 96.2% were not captured by the healthcare system. Older age was positively associated, while smoking showed a negative association with symptomatic COVID-19. Individuals older than 65 years, and those with poor self-rated health were more likely to be hospitalized.

Conclusion

More than half of the infected individuals were not captured by the healthcare-based registry, mainly those with asymptomatic infections. COVID-19 severity was positively associated with older age and poor self-rated health, and inversely associated with smoking. Combining different sources of surveillance data could reduce the number of unidentified asymptomatic cases and enhance surveillance for emerging infections.
Seasonal insights for integrative mosquito management from multi-year baseline entomological data on Aedes aegypti in Lee County, Florida
Authors: Morreale Rachel , Stenhouse Steven , Carvalho Danilo O. , Hahn Daniel A. , Bourtzis Kostas , Lloyd Aaron , Gale Thomas Wayne , Hoel David F.
Published: October 2024

The spread of arboviruses like yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika, transmitted by the invasive mosquito Aedes aegypti has led to the development of many strategies to suppress mosquito populations. Given the rapid development of resistance to common chemical larvicides and adulticides in some Ae. aegypti populations, as well as the ever-shrinking chemical options for mosquito control, there is a pressing need for new tools and deployment of those innovative tools as a component of integrative mosquito management programs. Prior to the adoption of any mosquito population intervention, be it conventional or innovative, understanding the baseline population is essential to evaluate the efficacy of the control measure. The Lee County Mosquito Control District in Florida has collected a three-year-long period of baseline entomological surveillance data collection for Ae. aegypti on Captiva and Sanibel Islands as foundational information prior to implementation of a new integrative mosquito management approach. We identified 18 mosquito species and described their population dynamics during the rainy and dry seasons. The two islands had no significant differences in species richness, diversity, dominance, or evenness overall. Yet, there were clear differences between the high rain season and low rain season in the Shannon diversity index, Simpson dominance index, and Pielou species evenness index within each site. Our data suggest that any innovative intervention should begin before mid to late April when the mosquito population is at its lowest and certainly before populations build up to their summer peak between June and September. These data also show the spatial distribution of Ae. aegypti is dynamic in space and time, identifying hotspots of mosquito abundance to focus on for future interventions. Overall, our study emphasizes the importance of entomological data collection to understand the population dynamics of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes, including the impact of environmental factors such as temperature and precipitation.
Pelvic neural injuries and acute voiding changes in rat models of radical hysterectomy
Authors: Liu Miaomiao , Qian Lin , Wei Haibin , Zhang Jing , Wang Ting , Wang Yanpeng
Published: October 2024

Objective

To establish experimental models of radical hysterectomy based on Querleu-Morrow classification, and clarify the quantitative evaluation of pelvic neural injuries and acute voiding changes postoperatively.

Methods

Female Sprague Dawley rats were randomized and received sham operation, type A, B1, C1 and C2 radical hysterectomies (as the injury gradually increased), respectively. The excised specimens were collected for hematoxylin and eosin staining and Pgp9.5 (pan-neuronal marker) immunohistochemistry to evaluate the facial and neural resection of paracervix. At 21 days after operation, 5 rats in each group were used for urine spot test, awake cystometry and leak point pressure test, and the other 5 ones were used for hematoxylin and eosin staining of bladder and pelvic neural plane, and Masson’s trichrome staining of bladder.

Results

Paracervical Pgp9.5 immunohistochemistry revealed that the resected neural area in C2 group was significantly larger than that in type A, B1, and C1 groups. Compared with type A and B1 groups, the excised paracervical facial area was significant higher in type C1 and C2 groups. The occurrence of urinary retention was 0%, 10%, 40% and 100% in type A, B1, C1 and C2 groups, respectively, which was further confirmed by average residual volume. The incidence of neurogenic bladder and its severity gradually increased from type A to type C2 groups, consistent with the findings of leakage point pressure, bladder size, bladder weight, pathological changes and collagen deposition. Neuropathological evaluation revealed neural injuries involved the main components of pelvic neural plane.

Conclusion

The novel rat models of radical hysterectomy based on Querleu-Morrow classification revealed the structural and functional changes of voiding after operation, which reflected the situation in humans.
Transcriptomic analyses of host-virus interactions during in vitro infection with wild-type and glycoprotein g-deficient (ΔgG) strains of ILTV in primary and continuous cell cultures
Authors: Gopakumar Gayathri , Diaz-Méndez Andrés , Coppo Mauricio J. C. , Hartley Carol A. , Devlin Joanne M.
Published: October 2024

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) remains a significant concern for the poultry industry worldwide due to its impact on animal welfare and its substantial economic consequences. The disease is caused by the alphaherpesvirus, infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). This study investigated in vitro host-virus interactions of a glycoprotein G (gG) deletion mutant vaccine strain of ILTV (ΔgG ILTV), and its parent wild-type strain (CSW-1 ILTV). Inoculations were performed separately for the two strains of ILTV using both a primary (chicken embryonic kidney, CEK) and a continuous culture (leghorn male hepatoma, LMH) of chicken cells. Transcriptome analysis was performed at 12 hours post infection. Each cell-type displayed distinct effects on host and viral gene transcription, with a greater number of viral and host genes differentially transcribed in CEK cells and LMH cells, respectively. Both cell-types infected with either strain demonstrated enrichment of pathways related to signalling, and gene ontologies (GO) associated with chemotaxis. Infection with either strain upregulated both SOCS proteins and certain proto-oncogenes, which may contribute to prolonged viral persistence by promoting immunosuppression and preventing apoptosis, respectively. Patterns of gene transcription related to cytokines, chemokines, endosomal TLRs, and interferon responses, as well as pathways associated with histone acetylation, transport, and extracellular matrix organization were similar within each cell type, regardless of the viral strain. In CEK cells, GO terms and pathways were downregulated uniquely after CSW-1 ILTV infection, indicating a viral-strain specific effect in this cell-type. Overall, this study highlights that the observed differences in host and ILTV gene transcription in vitro were more strongly influenced by the cell-types used rather than the presence or absence of gG. This underscores the importance of cell-line selection in studying host-virus interactions and interpreting experimental results.
Hoof slip duration at impact in galloping Thoroughbred ex-racehorses trialling eight shoe-surface combinations
Authors: Horan Kate , Coburn James , Kourdache Kieran , Day Peter , Carnall Henry , Brinkley Liam , Harborne Dan , Hammond Lucy , Millard Sean , Weller Renate , Pfau Thilo
Published: October 2024

Horseshoes used during racing are a major determinant of safety as they play a critical role in providing traction with the ground surface. Although excessive hoof slip is detrimental and can predispose to instabilities, falls and injuries, some slip is essential to dissipate energy and lower stresses on the limb tissues during initial loading. This study aimed to quantify hoof slip duration in retired Thoroughbred racehorses galloping over turf and artificial (Martin Collins Activ-Track) tracks at the British Racing School in the following four shoeing conditions: 1) aluminium; 2) steel; 3) GluShu (aluminium-rubber composite); and 4) barefoot. High-speed video cameras (Sony DSC-RX100M5) filmed 389 hoof-ground interactions from 13 galloping Thoroughbreds at 1000 frames per second. A marker wand secured to the lateral aspect of the hoof wall aided tracking of horizontal and vertical hoof position in Tracker software over time, so the interval of hoof displacement immediately following impact (hoof slip duration) could be identified. Data were collected from leading and non-leading forelimbs at speeds ranging from 24–56 km h-1. Linear mixed models assessed whether surface, shoeing condition or speed influenced hoof slip duration (significance at p≤0.05). Day and horse-jockey pair were included as random factors and speed was included as a covariate. Mean hoof slip duration was similar amongst forelimbs and the non-leading hindlimb (20.4–21.5 ms) but was shortest in the leading hindlimb (18.3±10.2 ms, mean ± 2.S.D.). Slip durations were 2.1–3.5 ms (p≤0.05) longer on the turf than on the artificial track for forelimbs and the non-leading hindlimb, but they were 2.5 ms shorter on the turf than on the artificial track in the leading hindlimb (p = 0.025). In the leading hindlimb, slip durations were also significantly longer for the aluminium shoeing condition compared to barefoot, by 3.7 ms. There was a significant negative correlation between speed and slip duration in the leading forelimb. This study emphasises the importance of evaluating individual limb biomechanics when applying external interventions that impact the asymmetric galloping gait of the horse. Hoof slip durations and the impact of shoe-surface effects on slip were limb specific. Further work is needed to relate specific limb injury occurrence to these hoof slip duration data.
Analysis on the impact of internet use on residents’ tourism consumption behavior and the mechanism of action
Authors: Lei Xiankai , Yang Dongmei
Published: October 2024

Tourism consumption as a typical representative of service consumption, has strong comprehensiveness and driving force, continuously expanding new consumption upgrade space. In the context of the digital economy, the development of the mobile internet has opened up new opportunities for the tourism industry acting as an important factor influencing the consumer behaviour of the residents. Based on 9007 resident survey data from the China General Social Survey (CGSS) in 2017, this paper explores the relationship between Internet use, access to information and residents’ travel consumption behavior by means of probit model and mediating effect model. First, according to the findings, Internet use has a positive impact on residents’ travel consumption behavior, increasing residents’ tourism expenditure. Second, the mechanism suggests that access to information plays a partially mediating role between Internet use and travel consumption behavior. Third, further analysis revealed that, for the retired population, the more frequently they use the Internet, the more likely they are to spend on travel. Compared to those with lower incomes, those with higher incomes will spend less on travel after retirement. With this in mind, in order to promote residents’ tourism consumption, speed and fee reduction should be continuously promoted, urban and rural information infrastructure should be strengthened, and accessibility of tourism information for residents should be improved. At the same time, there is a need to innovate the way tourism products are promoted, improve the types of tourism products and launch diversified tourism products.