bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of zoonotic pathogens through biophysically induced genomic variance
Authors: Alsufyani Daniah
Published: March 2024

Zoonoses are infectious agents that are transmissible between animals and humans. Up to 60% of known infectious diseases and 75% of emergent diseases are zoonotic. Genomic variation between homeostatic populations provides a novel window into the effect of environmental pathogens on allelic distributions within the populations. Genodynamics is a biophysical approach utilizing developed metrics on biallelic single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that can be used to quantify the adaptive influences due to pathogens. A genomic free energy that is minimized when overall population health is optimized describes the influence of environmental agents upon genomic variation. A double-blind exploration of over 100 thousand SNPs searching for smooth functional dependencies upon four zoonotic pathogens carried by four possible hosts amidst populations that live in their ancestral environments has been conducted. Exemplars that infectious agents can have significant adaptive influence on human populations are presented. One discussed SNP is likely associated with both adaptive and innate immune regulation. The adaptive response of another SNP suggests an intriguing connection between zoonoses and human cancers. The adaptive forces of the presented pathogens upon the human genome have been quantified.
Everyday Experiences of In-Work Poverty and Policy Responses in the Assemblage of Situations of Precarity in Aotearoa New Zealand
Authors: Martin Ahnya , Hodgetts Darrin , King Pita , Blake Denise
Published: March 2024

Abstract: Lived experiences of in-work poverty remain under-researched in countries such as Aotearoa New Zealand NZ. Community-orientated psychologists often argue that people experiencing such complex issues develop considerable expertise that is invaluable in efforts to reimagine effective responses. The core aim of this article is to explore participant experiences of government efforts to alleviate the negative impacts of in-work poverty on socioeconomically marginalized groups, including the emergent Māori precariat class. From the perspective of assemblage theory, this article documents how government efforts to support low-income households become territorialized within a dynamic geography of relations as experienced by 10 precariat households (9 Māori, one Cook Island Māori). The analysis is based on four interviews per household, with a total of 40 interviews across the 10 households. These interviews encompassed photo-elicitation and mapping exercises and document householder experiences of policy initiatives, including annual minimum wage rises, the introduction of healthy homes standards, and related government support initiatives. What emerges from participant accounts is considerable disappointment regarding government efforts to render assistance that do not address dysfunctional and extractive relationships between precariat households and more affluent groups, such as private landlords. Evident from the analysis is how current policies do not adequately address the relational nature of poverty and how many policies combine in the everyday lives of the precariat to cancel out potentially positive impacts on poverty reduction. We offer a series of recommendations for how participant concerns might be addressed.
High‐Resolution Intrashell Oxygen Isotope Studies of Cathaica fasciola and Bradybaena ravida Land Snails and Their Environmental Implications
Authors: Li Qianya , Dong Jibao , Yan Hong , Huang Huayu , Zong Xiulan , Wang Guozhen , Liu Chengcheng , Cao Yunning , Liu Weiguo , An Zhisheng
Published: March 2024

Intrashell oxygen isotope (δ18Os) analyses of terrestrial snails have been carried out over two decades. However, the intraspecies/interspecies differences are not yet well understood. Here, we conducted a high‐resolution intrashell δ18Os study on 43 shells from Cathaica fasciola and Bradybaena ravida, and 1449 δ18Os data were obtained. These large amounts of data demonstrate the reproducibility of intrashell δ18Os. Our results suggest that C. fasciola and B. ravida have similar growing seasons mainly from March to October in the studied region. The ecological habits of the two species could explain the distinctive variations in their δ18Os sequences. Therefore, our study may interpret the discrepancy between the studies of land snail species and the stable/clumped isotopes of their shells. Moreover, the calculated average growth rate is ∼290 μm/day (from 250 to 330 μm/day) for nonadult C. fasciola. Thus, the use of snail shells for reconstructing high‐resolution terrestrial climate changes is promising.
Ambient Noise Interferometry Using Ocean Bottom Seismometer Data From Active Source Experiments Conducted in the Southernmost Mariana Trench
Authors: Zhang Yayun , Xu Min , Xiao Zhuo , Zhou Yong , Yu Chuanhai , Lin Jian , Yang Hongfeng , Qiu Xuelin
Published: March 2024

Ocean bottom seismometers (OBSs) have been used to detect submarine structural and tectonic information for decades. According to signal source controllability, OBS data have generally been classified into active and passive source data categories. The former mainly focuses on the compressional wave (P‐wave) velocity inversion and always lacks valid information about the shear wave (S‐wave) velocity structure. While the latter provides structural information with limited resolution due to the aperture of the stations. Overcoming the barriers between processing these two data types will allow the reuse of a vast amount of data from active source experiments to explore the submarine S‐wave velocity structural properties. Here, we creatively applied ambient noise interferometry to invert the S‐wave velocity structure using data from active source OBS deployment conducted in the southernmost Mariana subduction zone, which had already been utilized to detect submarine P‐wave velocity structure. Considering the short time duration and relatively low quality of this type of data, a combined method of short‐segment cross‐correlation and selected time‐frequency domain phase‐weighted stacking was adopted to obtain stable cross‐correlation functions, which were subsequently used to invert S‐wave velocity structures. Compared to previous studies using different methods, our result sheds new light on the crust and upper mantle structure of the southernmost Mariana subduction zone. This method could be used to detect more information based on the reutilization of existing active source OBS data.
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency and neonatal indirect hyperbilirubinemia: a retrospective cohort study among 40,305 consecutively born babies
Authors: Al-Bedaywi Rajai Rofail Raja , Salameh Khalil Mohd Khalil , Abedin Sarfrazul , Viswanathan Brijroy , Khedr Abedalkhalik Ahmad , Habboub Lina Hussain M.
Published: March 2024

Background and objective

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD) being highly prevalent in the Middle East, the primary objective was to estimate the incidence of neonatal jaundice among G6PD-deficient neonates and to explore its association with various risk factors.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study includes 7 years data of neonates diagnosed with G6PDD between 1st January 2015, and 30 September 2022, from Al Wakra Hospital, HMC Qatar.

Results

Among the 40,305 total births, 1013 had G6PDD with an incidence of 2.51%. Of all the G6PDD babies, 24.6% (249/1013) received phototherapy and three babies required exchange transfusion. Statistically significant associations were noted between the need for phototherapy and gestational age, gestational age groups, birth weight, and birth weight groups, but logistic regression analysis showed significant association for phototherapy only with the gestational age group.

Conclusion

Universal screening and proper follow-up is essential for G6PDD as it plays crucial role in neonatal jaundice.
Roll-to-roll, high-resolution 3D printing of shape-specific particles
Authors: Kronenfeld Jason M. , Rother Lukas , Saccone Max A. , Dulay Maria T. , DeSimone Joseph M.
Published: March 2024

Particle fabrication has attracted recent attention owing to its diverse applications in bioengineering1,2, drug and vaccine delivery3–5, microfluidics6,7, granular systems8,9, self-assembly5,10,11, microelectronics12,13 and abrasives14. Herein we introduce a scalable, high-resolution, 3D printing technique for the fabrication of shape-specific particles based on roll-to-roll continuous liquid interface production (r2rCLIP). We demonstrate r2rCLIP using single-digit, micron-resolution optics in combination with a continuous roll of film (in lieu of a static platform), enabling the rapidly permutable fabrication and harvesting of shape-specific particles from a variety of materials and with complex geometries, including geometries not possible to achieve with advanced mould-based techniques. We demonstrate r2rCLIP production of mouldable and non-mouldable shapes with voxel sizes as small as 2.0 × 2.0 µm2 in the print plane and 1.1 ± 0.3 µm unsupported thickness, at speeds of up to 1,000,000 particles per day. Such microscopic particles with permutable, intricate designs enable direct integration within biomedical, analytical and advanced materials applications.
Evolutionary trajectories of small cell lung cancer under therapy
Authors: George Julie , Maas Lukas , Abedpour Nima , Cartolano Maria , Kaiser Laura , Fischer Rieke N. , Scheel Andreas H. , Weber Jan-Philipp , Hellmich Martin , Bosco Graziella , Volz Caroline , Mueller Christian , Dahmen Ilona , John Felix , Alves Cleidson Padua , Werr Lisa , Panse Jens Peter , Kirschner Martin , Engel-Riedel Walburga , Jürgens Jessica , Stoelben Erich , Brockmann Michael , Grau Stefan , Sebastian Martin , Stratmann Jan A. , Kern Jens , Hummel Horst-Dieter , Hegedüs Balazs , Schuler Martin , Plönes Till , Aigner Clemens , Elter Thomas , Toepelt Karin , Ko Yon-Dschun , Kurz Sylke , Grohé Christian , Serke Monika , Höpker Katja , Hagmeyer Lars , Doerr Fabian , Hekmath Khosro , Strapatsas Judith , Kambartel Karl-Otto , Chakupurakal Geothy , Busch Annette , Bauernfeind Franz-Georg , Griesinger Frank , Luers Anne , Dirks Wiebke , Wiewrodt Rainer , Luecke Andrea , Rodermann Ernst , Diel Andreas , Hagen Volker , Severin Kai , Ullrich Roland T. , Reinhardt Hans Christian , Quaas Alexander , Bogus Magdalena , Courts Cornelius , Nürnberg Peter , Becker Kerstin , Achter Viktor , Büttner Reinhard , Wolf Jürgen , Peifer Martin , Thomas Roman K.
Published: March 2024

The evolutionary processes that underlie the marked sensitivity of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) to chemotherapy and rapid relapse are unknown1–3. Here we determined tumour phylogenies at diagnosis and throughout chemotherapy and immunotherapy by multiregion sequencing of 160 tumours from 65 patients. Treatment-naive SCLC exhibited clonal homogeneity at distinct tumour sites, whereas first-line platinum-based chemotherapy led to a burst in genomic intratumour heterogeneity and spatial clonal diversity. We observed branched evolution and a shift to ancestral clones underlying tumour relapse. Effective radio- or immunotherapy induced a re-expansion of founder clones with acquired genomic damage from first-line chemotherapy. Whereas TP53 and RB1 alterations were exclusively part of the common ancestor, MYC family amplifications were frequently not constituents of the founder clone. At relapse, emerging subclonal mutations affected key genes associated with SCLC biology, and tumours harbouring clonal CREBBP/EP300 alterations underwent genome duplications. Gene-damaging TP53 alterations and co-alterations of TP53 missense mutations with TP73, CREBBP/EP300 or FMN2 were significantly associated with shorter disease relapse following chemotherapy. In summary, we uncover key processes of the genomic evolution of SCLC under therapy, identify the common ancestor as the source of clonal diversity at relapse and show central genomic patterns associated with sensitivity and resistance to chemotherapy.
Anoxygenic phototroph of the Chloroflexota uses a type I reaction centre
Authors: Tsuji J. M. , Shaw N. A. , Nagashima S. , Venkiteswaran J. J. , Schiff S. L. , Watanabe T. , Fukui M. , Hanada S. , Tank M. , Neufeld J. D.
Published: March 2024

Scientific exploration of phototrophic bacteria over nearly 200 years has revealed large phylogenetic gaps between known phototrophic groups that limit understanding of how phototrophy evolved and diversified1,2. Here, through Boreal Shield lake water incubations, we cultivated an anoxygenic phototrophic bacterium from a previously unknown order within the Chloroflexota phylum that represents a highly novel transition form in the evolution of photosynthesis. Unlike all other known phototrophs, this bacterium uses a type I reaction centre (RCI) for light energy conversion yet belongs to the same bacterial phylum as organisms that use a type II reaction centre (RCII) for phototrophy. Using physiological, phylogenomic and environmental metatranscriptomic data, we demonstrate active RCI-utilizing metabolism by the strain alongside usage of chlorosomes3 and bacteriochlorophylls4 related to those of RCII-utilizing Chloroflexota members. Despite using different reaction centres, our phylogenomic data provide strong evidence that RCI-utilizing and RCII-utilizing Chloroflexia members inherited phototrophy from a most recent common phototrophic ancestor. The Chloroflexota phylum preserves an evolutionary record of the use of contrasting phototrophic modes among genetically related bacteria, giving new context for exploring the diversification of phototrophy on Earth.
Characterization of human iPSC-derived sensory neurons and their functional assessment using multi electrode array
Authors: Hiranuma Minami , Okuda Yuichi , Fujii Yuuka , Richard Jean-Philippe , Watanabe Tomohisa
Published: March 2024

Sensory neurons are afferent neurons in sensory systems that convert stimuli and transmit information to the central nervous system as electrical signals. Primary afferent neurons that are affected by non-noxious and noxious stimuli are present in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and the DRG sensory neurons are used as an in vitro model of the nociceptive response. However, DRG derived from mouse or rat give a low yield of neurons, and they are difficult to culture. To help alleviate this problem, we characterized human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived sensory neurons. They can solve the problems of interspecies differences and supply stability. We investigated expressions of sensory neuron related proteins and genes, and drug responses by Multi-Electrode Array (MEA) to analyze the properties and functions of sensory neurons. They expressed nociceptor, mechanoreceptor and proprioceptor related genes and proteins. They constitute a heterogeneous population of their subclasses. We confirmed that they could respond to both noxious and non-noxious stimuli. We showed that histamine inhibitors reduced histamine-induced neuronal excitability. Furthermore, incubation with a ProTx-II and Nav1.7 inhibitor reduced the spontaneous neural activity in hiPSC-derived sensory neurons. Their responsiveness was different from each drug. We have demonstrated that hiPSC-derived sensory neurons combined with MEA are good candidates for drug discovery studies where DRG in vitro modeling is necessary.
Dual-band dual-polarized sub-6 GHz phased array antenna with suppressed higher order modes
Authors: Barad Debaprasad , Dash Jogesh Chandra , Sarkar Debdeep , Srinivasulu P.
Published: March 2024

This manuscript proposes a dual-band dual-polarized 64-element phased array antenna (PAA) with suppressed higher order modes (HoMs). Each array element is a microstrip patch structure with complementary split ring resonator (CSRR) loading, allowing for simultaneous dual-band and dual-polarization performance at 3.45 GHz and 3.87 GHz. The proposed PAA exhibits impedance matching of $$\le - 20$$

≤
-
20

dB at 3.45 GHz and 3.87 GHz while limiting the mutual coupling below $$- 19$$

-
19

dB between the adjacent elements at both the operating bands. The proposed design includes a plated through hole placed near the CSRR loading to suppress any higher-order modes (HOMs). Two antenna prototypes, without and with HOMs suppression techniques are fabricated and measured. In addition, we demonstrate the beam steering of the proposed PAA up to $$\pm 60^0$$

±

60
0

using an off-the-shelf 6-bit phase shifter module. The proposed 64 -element array achieves a gain of 23 dBi, and shows a minimal steering loss of $$\simeq 3$$

≃
3

dB over the steering angle.
Association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and in-hospital mortality after percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective cohort study in Germany
Authors: Hochhausen Nadine , Mechelinck Mare , Billig Sebastian , Rossaint Rolf , Kork Felix
Published: March 2024

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the leading chronic diseases worldwide. However, the impact of COPD on outcome after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains unclear. In this retrospective cohort study, we analyzed the data of hospitalized patients undergoing PCI in Germany between 2015 and 2019. We compared in-hospital mortality, hospital length of stay and peri-interventional ventilation time (VT) in patients with and without COPD, including different COPD severity grades, COPD with exacerbation (COPDe) and infection (COPDi). We analyzed the data of 3,464,369 cases undergoing PCI. A total of 291,707 patients (8.4%) suffered from COPD. Patients suffering from COPD died more often (2.4% vs. 2.0%; p < 0.001), stayed longer hospitalized (5 days (2–10) vs. 3 days (1–6); p < 0.001), were more frequent (7.2% vs. 3.2%) and longer ventilated (26 h (7–88) vs. 23 h (5–92); p < 0.001). Surprisingly, COPD was associated with a 0.78-fold odds of in-hospital mortality and with reduced VT (− 1.94 h, 95% CI, − 4.34 to 0.43). Mild to severe COPD was associated with a lower risk of in-hospital mortality and reduced VT, whereas very severe COPD, COPDe and COPDi showed a higher risk of in-hospital mortality. We found a paradoxical association between mild to severe COPD and in-hospital mortality, whereas very severe COPD, COPDe and COPDi were associated with higher in-hospital mortality. Further investigations should illuminate, whether comorbidities affect these associations.
Sulfamethoxazole-induced crystal nephropathy: characterization and prognosis in a case series
Authors: Azencot Ruben , Saint-Jacques Camille , Haymann Jean-Philippe , Frochot Vincent , Daudon Michel , Letavernier Emmanuel
Published: March 2024

Cotrimoxazole (Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole-SMX) is frequently used in critically ill and immunocompromised patients. SMX is converted to N-acetyl-sulfamethoxazole (NASM) and excreted by the kidneys. NASM may form crystals in urine, especially in acid urine, that may induce a crystalline nephropathy. However, the imputability of crystals in acute kidney injury (AKI) has not been proven. We aimed to assess whether NASM crystals may promote AKI and to investigate risk factors associated with NASM crystalline nephropathy. Patients from Ile-de-France, France who developed AKI under SMX treatment introduced during hospitalization and had a crystalluria positive for NASM crystals were selected. Patients with excessive preanalytical delay for crystalluria or missing data regarding SMX treatment were excluded. We used the Naranjo score to assess the causal relationship between SMX and the development of AKI in patients with positive NASM crystalluria. Fourteen patients were included. SMX was the probable cause of AKI for 11 patients and a possible cause for 3 patients according to Naranjo score. Patients were exposed to high doses of SMX (but within recommended ranges), and most of them had a preexisting chronic kidney disease and were hypoalbuminemic. Urine pH was mildly acid (median 5.9). AKI occured more rapidly than expected after introduction of SMX (median 4 days) and recovered rapidly after drug discontinuation in most, but not all, cases. SMX is a probable cause of crystalline nephropathy. Monitoring of crystalluria in patients exposed to SMX may be of interest to prevent the development of crystalline nephropathy. Approval number of the study: BPD-2018-DIAG-008.
Factors associated with the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin-G titer levels in convalescent whole-blood donors: a Chinese cross-sectional study
Authors: Tan Donglin , Du Xinman , Tang Jingyun , Liu Humin , Li Meng , Kang Jianxun , Li Xiaochun , Li Ying , Luo Yue , Wang Qing , Gu Xiaobo , Zhao Zonghan , Fu Xuemei , Chen Xue
Published: March 2024

Blood transfusions from convalescent Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infected patients could be used to treat patients with severe infections or immunocompromised patients. However, it is necessary to select the optimal donors to maximize the utilization of resources. In this study, we investigated the associations among body mass index (BMI), tobacco smoking, exercise frequency and duration, and alcohol consumption with the SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin-G (IgG) antibody titer levels with in the Chinese convalescent blood donor population. Here we show that BMI, smoking habits, and exercise frequency appear to be predictive factors for IgG levels in convalescent male blood donors. However, these variables were not observed as predictive of IgG levels in female convalescent blood donors. The findings could be used to optimize the screening for potential blood donors to treat immunocompromised or severely ill COVID-19 patients.
Discussing the safety and effectiveness of transcatheter arterial embolization combined with intravenous chemotherapy in treating locally advanced breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Jingjun , Zhang Jie , Niu Xiangke , Zhou Yongxiang , Guo Yufeng , Wang Yuanzhi , Shou Feng
Published: March 2024

To investigate the efficacy and safety of drug-eluting bead-transarterial chemoembolization (DEB-TACE) combined with systemic chemotherapy in HR+/Her2− locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) patients. A controlled study was conducted on LABC patients treated at Jianyang People’s Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from December 2020 to June 2022. The patients were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. The experimental group received DEB-TACE combined with the TAC regimen (175 mg/m2 paclitaxel-loaded albumin, 50 mg/m2 Doxorubicin, and 500 mg/m2 cyclophosphamide), while the control group received the TAC regimen intravenously. The therapeutic efficacy was evaluated using the mRECIST criteria. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 22.0 software, and baseline characteristics, overall response rate (ORR), pathological complete response (PCR), adverse reactions, and complications were compared between the two groups using paired t-test and chi-square test. A total of 60 patients were included, with 30 patients in the experimental group (50%) and 30 patients in the control group (50%). After the first treatment, the ORR was 90% in the experimental group and 60% in the control group (P < 0.05). The overall ORR was 100% in the experimental group and 83% in the control group (P < 0.05). PCR was achieved in 14 patients (47%) in the experimental group and 4 patients (13%) in the control group. The main adverse reactions in the experimental group were skin blistering, pigmentation, and pain. There was no statistically significant difference in vomiting and grade II or above bone marrow suppression between the two groups. No grade III or above adverse events occurred in either group. The comparison of tumor shrinkage between the two groups was P = 0.051, and axillary lymph node shrinkage was P < 0.05. The use of drug-eluting beads in combination with neoadjuvant chemotherapy is a feasible and safe treatment option for locally advanced breast cancer patients.
Logistic analysis of delayed reporting of emergency blood potassium and comparison of improved outcomes
Authors: Zhang Jian , Lv Shuangshuang , Jin Tingting , Hu Xiaxuan
Published: March 2024

Potassium testing is an essential test in emergency medicine. Turnaround time (TAT) is the time between specimen receipt by the laboratory and the release of the test report. A brief in-laboratory TAT increases emergency department effectiveness. Optimizing processes to shorten TAT using other tools requires extensive time, resources, training, and support. Therefore, we aimed to find a convenient way to shorten TAT, identify risk factors affecting the timeliness of emergency potassium test reporting, and verify the intervention’s effects. The dependent variable was emergency potassium reporting time > 30 or < 30 min. Logistic analysis was performed on monitorable factors, such as sex, age, potassium results, number of items, specimen processing time (including centrifugation and time before specimen loading), critical value ratio, instrument status, shift where the report was issued, specimen status, and work experience, as independent variables. In the multivariate analysis, work experience, instrument failure rate, and specimen processing time were risk factors for emergency blood potassium reporting exceeding 30 min. Improvement measures were implemented, significantly decreasing the timeout rate for acute potassium reporting. Our study confirms the usefulness of logistics in reducing the time required to report potassium levels in the emergency department, providing a new perspective on quality management.
Opioid use and subsequent delirium risk in patients with advanced cancer in palliative care: a multicenter registry study
Authors: Yoo Shin Hye , Kang Jiseung , Kim Hyeon Jin , Lee Si Won , Hong Moonki , Jung Eun Hee , Kim Yu Jung , Yon Dong Keon , Kang Beodeul
Published: March 2024

The prevalent use of opioids for pain management in patients with advanced cancer underscores the need for research on their neuropsychiatric impacts, particularly delirium. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the potential association between opioid use and the risk of delirium in patients with advanced cancer admitted to the acute palliative care unit. We conducted a retrospective observational study utilizing a multicenter, patient-based registry cohort by collecting the data from January 1, 2019, to December 31, 2020, in South Korea. All data regarding exposures, outcomes, and covariates were obtained through retrospective chart reviews by a team of specialized medical professionals with expertise in oncology. Full unmatched and 1:1 propensity-score matched cohorts were formed, and stratification analysis was conducted. The primary outcome, delirium, was defined and diagnosed by the DSM-IV. Of the 2,066 patients with advanced cancer, we identified 42.8% (mean [SD] age, 64.4 [13.3] years; 60.8% male) non-opioid users and 57.2% (62.8 [12.5] years; 55.9% male) opioid users, respectively. Opioid use was significantly associated with an increased occurrence of delirium in patients with advanced cancer (OR, 2.02 [95% CI 1.22–3.35]). The risk of delirium in patients with advanced cancer showed increasing trends in a dose-dependent manner. High-dose opioid users showed an increased risk of delirium in patients with advanced cancer compared to non-opioid users (low-dose user: OR, 2.21 [95% CI 1.27–3.84]; high-dose user: OR, 5.75 [95% CI 2.81–11.77]; ratio of OR, 2.60 [95% CI 1.05–6.44]). Patients with old age, male sex, absence of chemotherapy during hospitalization, and non-obese status were more susceptible to increased risk of delirium in patients with cancer. In this multicenter patient-based registry cohort study, we found a significant, dose-dependent association between opioid use and increased risk of delirium in patients with advanced cancer. We also identified specific patient groups more susceptible to delirium. These findings highlight the importance of opioid prescription in these patients with advanced cancer, balancing effective doses for pain management and adverse dose-inducing delirium.
Impact of COVID-19 on football attacking players’ match technical performance: a longitudinal study
Authors: Luo Le , Sun Ge , Guo Enkai , Xu Hanbing , Wang Zhaohong
Published: March 2024

This study examined the impact of COVID-19 on 28 indicators of match technical performance (MTP) for football attacking players upon their return to play. Analyzing data from 100 players in the Big Five European football leagues, covering 1500 matches each before and after COVID-19 over 3 years (2020–2023), revealed significant differences in 76% of players’ MTP indicators. Notably, 14 indicators, particularly the five indicators linked to scoring, significantly decreased post-COVID-19. On average, players needed 3.09 matches to regain pre-infection MTP levels. The impact varied across player groups, with those in the elite group showing a milder effect; they required an average of 2.64 matches for recovery, compared to the control group’s 3.55 matches. We found that, with increasing age, the majority of players’ MTP indicators did not exhibit significant changes, both before and after they contracted COVID-19. In conclusion, the study highlighted the negative impact of COVID-19 on football attacking players’ MTP. Players in the elite group experienced fewer adverse effects than those in the control group. This insight assisted coaches and managers in evaluating the impact of COVID-19 and similar virus-induced illnesses on players’ MTP, enabling them to formulate training regimens for recovery and specific match tactics upon players' return to play.
Combined effect of lightning impulse voltage and temperature stress on the propagation of creeping discharge of oil-impregnated paper
Authors: Jiosseu Jean Lambert , Foumi Nkwengwa Stanley Vianney , Mengata Mengounou Ghislain , Tchamdjio Nkouetcha Emeric , Moukengue Imano Adolphe
Published: March 2024

This article presents the results of an experiment designed to study the impact of temperature on the characteristic parameters of creeping discharges. The insulating interfaces consist of a thermally enhanced cellulose surface immersed in mineral oil, palm kernel oil methyl ester (PKOME) and castor oil methyl ester (COME). The study was carried out under a standard negative lightning impulse voltage (1.2/50 μs). The article also presents the complete algorithms for calculating the maximum extension of the discharges, the ionisation rate and the charge produced by them. The results of the study show that temperature favors the propagation of discharges and the ionisation rate. It was observed that liquids with a higher dielectric constant and high electrical conductivity were more exposed to the impact of temperature. The results show ionisation increments of 0.973%/°C, 1.093%/°C and 1.076%/°C in mineral oil (MO), COME and PKOME respectively. The maximum extension of the discharges shows a linear evolution with the applied voltage and temperature but a non-linear increment with the temperature. As for the charge produced, it shows a constant increment with temperature and voltage in each liquid. These values are (5.839%/°C, 1.977%/kV), (6.047%/°C, 2.082%/kV) and (6.177%/°C, 2.113%/kV) respectively in MO, COME and PKOME.
An electromechanical stimulation regulating model with flexoelectric effect of piezoelectric laminated micro-beam for cell bionic culture
Authors: Rao Wei-Feng , Wang Ya-Wen , Li An-Qing , Zhou Sha-Sha , Zheng Zu-Mei
Published: March 2024

Cell bionic culture requires the construction of cell growth microenvironments. In this paper, mechanical force and electrical stimulations are applied to the cells cultured on the surface of the piezoelectric laminated micro-beam driven by an excitation voltage. Based on the extended dielectric theory, the electromechanical microenvironment regulating model of the current piezoelectric laminated micro-beam is established. The variational principle is used to obtain the governing equations and boundary conditions. The differential quadrature method and the iterative method are used to solve two boundary value problems for cantilever beams and simply supported beams. In two cases, the mechanical force and electrical stimulations applied to the cells are analyzed in detail and the microscale effect is investigated. This study is meaningful for improving the quality of cell culture and promoting the cross-integration of mechanics and biomedicine.
Mediterranean fruit fly population phenological patterns are strongly affected by elevation and host presence
Authors: Rodovitis Vasilis G. , Verykouki Eleni , Zarpas Kostas D. , Papanastasiou Stella A. , Moraiti Cleopatra A. , Patronis Nikos , Papadopoulos Nikos T.
Published: March 2024

The Mediterranean fruit fly (medfly) (Ceratitis capitata, Diptera: Tephritidae), is an extremely polyphagous pest that threatens the fruit production and trading industry worldwide. Monitoring C. capitata populations and analysing its dynamics and phenology is considered of outmost importance for designing and implementing sound management approaches. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors regulating the population dynamics of the C. capitata in a coastal and semi-mountainous area. We focused on effects of topography (e.g. elevation), host presence and seasonal patterns of ripening on the phenological patterns considering data collected in 2008. The experimental area is characterized by mixed fruit orchards, and Mediterranean climate with mild winters. Two trap types were used for population monitoring. The female targeted McPhail type and the male targeted Jackson type. Traps were placed in farms located at different elevations and landscape morphology (coastal and semi-mountainous areas). The main crops included citrus, apples, peaches, plums, pears, figs, quinces and apricots. Adult captures were first recorded in May, peaked in mid-summer and mid-autumn and almost ceased at the end of the season (January 2008). Captures in the coastal areas preceded that of highlands by 15 days. Most of the adults detected during the fruit ripening of late stone fruit cultivars (first peak) and citrus (second peak). The probability of capturing the first adults preceded almost three weeks the peak of adult captures either considering the elevation or host focus analyses. The results provide valuable information on the seasonal population trend of C. capitata in mixed fruit Mediterranean orchards and can support the set-up of IPM systems in areas with various landscapes and different hosts throughout the fruit growing season.
Determination of internal controls for quantitative gene expression of Spodoptera litura under microbial pesticide stress
Authors: Wu Shuang , Luo Yunmi , Zeng Zhihong , Yu Ying , Zhang Shicai , Hu Yan , Chen Lei
Published: March 2024

Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has become a commonly used method for the quantification of gene expression. However, accurate qRT-PCR analysis requires a valid internal reference for data normalization. To determine the valid reference characterized with low expression variability among Spodoptera litura samples after microbial pesticide treatments, nine housekeeping genes, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), arginine kinase, ubiquitin C, actin-5C (ACT5C), actin, ribosomal protein S13 (RPS13), tubulin, acidic ribosomal protein P0 (RPLP0) and ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase, were evaluated for their suitability using geNorm, Normfinder, BestKeeper, RefFinder and the comparative delta CT methods in this study. S. litura larvae after direct treatment (larvae were immersed in biopesticides), indirect treatment (larvae were fed with biopesticide immersed artificial diets) and comprehensive treatment (larvae were treated with the first two treatments in sequence), respectively with Metarhizium anisopliae, Empedobacter brevis and Bacillus thuringiensis, were investigated. The results indicated that the best sets of internal references were as follows: RPLP0 and ACT5C for direct treatment conditions; RPLP0 and RPS13 for indirect treatment conditions; RPS13 and GAPDH for comprehensive treatment conditions; RPS13 and RPLP0 for all the samples. These results provide valuable bases for further genetic researches in S. litura.
Ecological implications of allometric relationships in American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Balaguera-Reina Sergio A. , Mason Brittany M. , Brandt Laura A. , Hernandez Nicole D. , Daykin Bryna L. , McCaffrey Kelly R. , Godfrey Sidney T. , Mazzotti Frank J.
Published: March 2024

Morphometric allometry, the effect of size on morphological variation, has been of great interest for evolutionary biologist and is currently used in fields such as wildlife ecology to inform management and conservation. We assessed American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) morphological static allometry across the Greater Everglades ecosystem in South Florida, United States using a robust dataset (~ 22 years) and investigated effects of sex, habitat, and sampling area on morphological relationships. Regression models showed very strong evidence of a linear relationship between variables explaining equal to or above 92% of the variation in the data. Most trait–size relationships (8 out of 11 assessed) showed hyperallometry (positive allometry) with slope deviations from isometry between 0.1 and 0.2 units while the other three relationships were isometric. Sampling area, type of habitat, and in a lesser extent sex influenced allometric coefficients (slope and intercept) across several relationships, likely as result of differing landscapes and ecosystem dynamic alterations and sexual dimorphism. We discuss our findings in terms of the biology of the species as well as the usefulness of our results in the context of ecosystem restoration and conservation of the species. Finally, we provide recommendations when using trait–length relationships to infer population nutritional—health condition and demographics.
Self-assembly of an amino acid derivative as an anode interface layer for advanced alkaline Al–air batteries
Authors: Guo Lei , Zhu Lei , Huang Yue , Tan Yan , Ritacca Alessandra Gilda , Zheng Xingwen , Leng Senlin , Wang Baoguo
Published: March 2024

The NBLT additive effectively inhibits the hydrogen evolution process on the aluminum anode in a 4 M NaOH electrolyte for an Al–air battery system by forming a self-assembled barrier layer.
The mechanism and kinetics of the atmospheric oxidation of CF3(CF2)2CHCH2 (HFC-1447fz) by hydroxyl radicals: ab initio investigation
Authors: Yu Youqing , Pan Li , Sun Qiyao , Wang Jie
Published: March 2024

The reported results of the degradation mechanism of 3,3,4,4,5,5,5-heptafluoro-1-pentene (HFC-1447fz) by hydroxyl indicate HFC-1447fz has insignificant effects on radiative forcing and climate change relative to its analogous compounds.
Towards the cost-effective design of stormwater infiltration trenches: a hybrid model integrating cost–benefit analysis and an analytical stochastic approach
Authors: Wang Jun , Diao Yijiao , Cao Shengle , Wang Jiachang , Jia Jingjing , Guo Yiping
Published: March 2024

This study proposes a hybrid analytical model integrating two cost–benefit analysis approaches and an analytical stochastic approach for the proper design of infiltration trenches.
Asymmetric CoN3P1 single-atom catalytic sites for enhanced transfer hydrodehalogenation
Authors: Guo Wendi , Sun Zehui , Xu Mengjiao , Wang Kaizhi , Chen Mugeng , Zhu Conglin , He Heyong , Liu Yongmei , Cao Yong
Published: March 2024

We present here CoN3P1@NP-PC, a novel asymmetric CoN3P1 single-atom catalyst, which demonstrates outstanding efficiency in transfer hydrodehalogenation (HDH) using just two equivalents of HCOONH4 as a benign and effective reducing agent.
Bulk single crystal growth and optoelectronic properties of the quasi-two-dimensional perovskites (CH3NH3)3Bi2X9 (X− = Br− and I−)
Authors: Li Zhiyuan , Wang Xiangjun , Zhao Peng , Liu Jingquan , Tian Xiangxin
Published: March 2024

Single crystals of MA3Bi2X9 (X = Br, I) with quasi-two-dimensional structures were successfully grown and the relationship between the compositions, dimensionality, and properties were discussed.
Tetracene cyclophanes showing controlled intramolecular singlet fission by through-space orientations
Authors: Sakai Hayato , Nonaka Keigo , Hayasaka Ryo , Thazhathethil Shakkeeb , Sagara Yoshimitsu , Hasobe Taku
Published: March 2024

Tetracene cyclophanes: a series of cyclic tetracene dimers bridged by two flexible ethylene glycol units demonstrated enhanced intramolecular singlet fission through through-space orientations by suppressing the H-type excited complex.
Improved access to polythioesters by heterobimetallic aluminium catalysis
Authors: Manjunatha Bhargav R. , Stühler Merlin R. , Quick Luise , Plajer Alex J.
Published: March 2024

Heterobimetallic Aluminium catalysis gives fast access to polythioesters from thioanhydride ring-opening copolymerisation and reveals general trends on the effects of monomer sulfuration.
Sulfur-bridge ligands altering the microenvironment of single-atom CoN3S sites to boost the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Feng , Guo Yingchun , Zhong Yan , Li Jingsha , Zhang Heng , Shi Lei , Lin Xuanni , Ye Fenghui , Ge Kai , Yuan Shuai , Hu Chuangang , Guo Chunxian
Published: March 2024

The unique S-bridge ligands’ synergistic CoN3S sites in Co–N/S–C have optimal adsorption–desorption and lower energy barriers of ORR intermediates, thus boosting the ORR activity.
Art, fact and artifact: reflections on the cross-talk between theory and experiment
Authors: Herzfeld Judith
Published: March 2024

The traditional synergy between theory and experiment has been made vulnerable by advances in each realm that require highly specialized expertise. Lessons and recommendations are drawn from reviews of several cases.
Constructing a core–shell Pt@MnOx/SiO2 catalyst for benzene catalytic combustion with excellent SO2 resistance: new insights into active sites
Authors: Yang Dan , Dong Fang , Wang Jie , Tang Zhicheng , Zhang Jiyi
Published: March 2024

The construction of a core–shell Pt@MnOx/SiO2 protective structure catalyst can protect the active Pt site well from SO2 toxicity.
Ion exchange enabled selective separation from decontamination to desalination to decarbonization: recent advances and opportunities
Authors: Wang Dian , Zhang Yunhao , Dong Hang , Chen Hao , SenGupta Arup
Published: March 2024

This review presents some major developments and progress in using ion exchange selective separation for decontamination, desalination, and decarbonization.
The synthesis of fructose-based surfactants
Authors: Lin Hung-Chien , Kidonakis Marios , Kaniraj J. P. , Kholomieiev Ihor , Fridrich Balint , Stuart Marc C. A. , Minnaard Adriaan J.
Published: March 2024

Fructose and fatty acid methyl esters are the basis for the preparation of a novel class of surfactants.
An investigation into the prospective applications of bio-catalyst metal frameworks: a novel catalyst for improved removal of Congo red from aqueous solutions
Authors: Ahmed Harez Rashid , Hassan Hanar Qadir , Aziz Kosar Hikmat Hama
Published: March 2024

The global textile industry poses significant challenges to public health, safety, and environmental sustainability through its discharge of wastewater.
Recent progress in the synthesis of N-substituted arylamines by reductive cross-coupling of nitroarenes
Authors: Qin Jing-Hao , Wang Yao , Ouyang Jun-Yao , Liu Min , Ouyang Xuan-Hui
Published: March 2024

This review describes the recent advances in different reaction types and catalytic systems for the construction of C–NAr and S–NAr bonds by nitroaromatic reductive cross-coupling.
Fabrication of a heterovalent dual-cation pre-embedded hydrated vanadium oxide cathode for high-performance zinc ion storage
Authors: Liu Wei , Liu Xiaoyu , Ning Fanghua , Subhan Sidra , Liu Yuyu , Li Qian , Zhang Jiujun , Lu Shigang , Yi Jin
Published: March 2024

Vanadium-based oxides are considered desirable cathode materials for aqueous zinc ion batteries owing to their high theoretical specific capacity and open crystal structure.
Key role of light in highly efficient photothermocatalytic steam cellulose reforming on Co/CeO2–Al1Mg3O4.5
Authors: Hu Yaqi , Wu Jichun , Li Yuanzhi , Zhong Mengqi , Hu Qianqian , Cao Huamin , Ji Lei
Published: March 2024

Significantly improved full solar spectrum photothermocatalytic steam cellulose reforming by lattice oxygen involvement and the photoactivation effect.
Surface oxygen vacancy engineering in weak Bi–O bonded ferroelectric bismuth sodium titanate for boosting the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Xiao , Wang Jicong , Zhu Fangyuan , Li Yanrui , Tian Wenchao , Wang Weijia , Guo Ruiyun , Liu Laijun , Shi Jing
Published: March 2024

A novel ferroelectric photocatalyst modulated by the surface and polarization states is developed to promote the CO2 reduction reaction, and the lattice distortion and elemental coordination environment are elaborated in detail.
Magnetic properties of CrX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) monolayers in excited states
Authors: Mishra Prakash , Baruah Tunna
Published: March 2024

DFT study on the excited states of CrX3 monolayers shows enahncement of magnetic anisotropy energy.
Thermodynamic study of CsCaCl3 using neutron diffraction
Authors: Bull Craig L. , Ridley Christopher J. , Funnell Nicholas P. , Konar Sumit , Cumby James
Published: March 2024

The structural behaviour of CsCaCl3 has been investigated using neutron diffraction as a function of pressure and temperature.
Beyond protein synthesis: non-translational functions of threonyl-tRNA synthetases
Authors: Barai Pallob , Chen Jie
Published: March 2024

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (AARSs) play an indispensable role in the translation of mRNAs into proteins. It has become amply clear that AARSs also have non-canonical or non-translational, yet essential, functions in a myriad of cellular and developmental processes. In this mini-review we discuss the current understanding of the roles of threonyl-tRNA synthetase (TARS) beyond protein synthesis and the underlying mechanisms. The two proteins in eukaryotes — cytoplasmic TARS1 and mitochondrial TARS2 — exert their non-canonical functions in the regulation of gene expression, cell signaling, angiogenesis, inflammatory responses, and tumorigenesis. The TARS proteins utilize a range of biochemical mechanisms, including assembly of a translation initiation complex, unexpected protein–protein interactions that lead to activation or inhibition of intracellular signaling pathways, and cytokine-like signaling through cell surface receptors in inflammation and angiogenesis. It is likely that new functions and novel mechanisms will continue to emerge for these multi-talented proteins.
Mechanical azimuthal beam‐steering Fabry–Perot resonator antenna with large deflection angle
Authors: Liu Yufeng , Zhu Lele , Zhang Wenmei , Wang Wensong
Published: March 2024

Continuous beam steering approach with minimal power consumption is highly desirable in modern antenna designs. A simple mechanical method for achieving beam steering in the Fabry–Perot resonator antenna (FPRA) is presented. It involves rotating the upper phase gradient metasurface (PGM) mechanically to change the aperture phase distribution, so the beam is continuously steered in the azimuthal plane while maintaining a large elevation angle. The proposed PGM unit cell comprises a hexagonal ring and patch printed on both sides of the substrate, along with a honeycomb lattice. A prototype antenna operating at 5.65 GHz is fabricated and measured to validate the feasibility. Measurement results show that the FPRA achieves a gain of 14.9 dBi, and can continuously steer its beam in the azimuthal plane with an elevation angle of around θ = 50°. Measured radiation patterns in eight azimuthal directions (φ = 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, 225°, 270°, and 315°) are consistent with the simulated results. Compared with other electrical tuning methods, our design has a compact size and requires lower power for the PGM rotation.