bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On the occurrence and health risks of the Silver-cheeked Toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus Gmelin, 1789) in the marine ecosystem of the Gaza Strip, Palestine
Authors: RABOU ABDEL FATTAH N. ABD
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Abd Rabou AFN. 2019. On the occurrence and health risks of the Silver-cheeked Toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus Gmelin, 1789) in the marine ecosystem of the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Biodiversitas 20: 2620-2627. The Silver-cheeked Toadfish (Lagocephalus sceleratus Gmelin, 1789) is one of the most recent invaders into the Mediterranean Sea. It represents a serious ecological risk to Mediterranean biodiversity and fisheries resources and a health risk to public health. The current study comes to handle the occurrence and health risks of the species in the Eastern Mediterranean of the Gaza Strip, Palestine. Frequent visits to local fish markets, meetings, and discussions with stakeholders, and chasing of local media reports were the main tools involved to satisfy the goals of the study, which extended from 2010 to 2019. The first record of the Silver-cheeked Toadfish in the Mediterranean coast of the Gaza Strip was in 2006 as claimed by fisheries parties. The by-catch of the species by fishing gear extended over the entire length of the Mediterranean coast of the Gaza Strip (42 km). The species was said to damage fishing nets, lines and hooks by its strong teeth. Prior to its banning in early 2010s, all pufferfishes including the species in question were sold freely in Gaza fish markets. Several cases of hospitalization have been reported in the Gaza Strip after consumption of the Silver-cheeked Toadfish. The symptoms of TTX intoxication included nausea and vomiting, dizziness, headache, abdominal pain, perioral paraesthesia, and tingling over the entire body. No death cases were reported locally. Many awareness campaigns have been conducted by fisheries parties to warn both fishermen and local people from the ecological and health risks associated with the Silver-cheeked Toadfish and TTX intoxication. Finally, the threats imposed by the Silver-cheeked Toadfish on the Eastern Mediterranean countries including Palestine indicate that potential solutions to the problem should be explored.
Isolation of bacteria from Apis cerana hive, their antibacterial potency and cytotoxicity
Authors: YEKKI YASMIN  , Fitri Lenni , FAUZIAH  , FITRI WASLIYAH
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Yasmin Y, Fitri L, Fauziah, Wasliyah F. 2019. Isolation of bacteria from Apis cerana hive, their antibacterial potency and cytotoxicity. Biodiversitas 20: 2733-2738. This study aimed to identify bacteria from Apis cerana hive; to determine their antibacterial activity, and cytotoxic effect of hive extract as well as bacterial extract. Identification of bacteria isolated from the hive was carried out based on morphological and biochemical characters. The antibacterial assay of beehive bacteria isolates was done by disk diffusion method against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Toxicity test of beehive extract and beehive bacterial extract were carried out using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) with six final concentrations (32 ppm, 64 ppm, 126 ppm, 250 ppm, 500 ppm, and 1000 ppm). The LC50 value was determined by probit analysis using SPSS. Bacterial isolation showed there were four bacterial isolates from A. cerana hive were the genus Bacillus (BSL1, and BSL3), the genus Micrococcus (BSL2) and the genus Neisseria (BSL4). The antibacterial assay showed that BSL4 isolate has the highest antibacterial activity against S. aureus with the diameter of the inhibitory zone was 32.6 mm. Toxicity test showed that A. cerana hive extract and bacterial ethanol extract from A. cerana hive had LC50 value of 67,744 ppm and 86.985 ppm respectively and categorized as toxic.
Short Communication: Morphology and taxonomic relationships of shallot (Allium cepa L. group aggregatum) cultivars from Indonesia
Authors: Fitriana Nita , Susandarini Ratna
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Fitriana N, Susandarini R. 2019. Short Communication: Morphology and taxonomic relationships of shallot (Allium cepa L. group aggregatum) cultivars from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2809-2814. Shallot is an important vegetable crop commodity in Indonesia, and its ranks third in terms of cultivation area after chili (Capsicum annuum L.) and cabbage (Brassica oleracea L.). There are a number of superior cultivars of this species that have been studied in terms of their morpho-agronomic traits, but their morphological variability and its implication to taxonomic relationships have not been studied in depth. This study aimed at documenting morphological variability and taxonomic relationships of 12 superior shallot cultivars using numerical taxonomic approaches. Sixteen morphological characters from leaves and bulbs were used in cluster analysis and principal component analysis. The results revealed that twelve shallot cultivars from Indonesia showed significant variability in leaf and bulb morphology, particularly in quantitative characteristics as indicated from ANOVA. The grouping of cultivars and their taxonomic relationships generated from cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed the role of bulb morphology as determining characteristics in the grouping of cultivars. This study suggested the importance of bulb morphology in the characterization of shallot cultivars.
Phenotypic and morphometric characteristics of Bangkaew dog in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand
Authors: Yaemkong Suphawadee , JAIPONG PRAPASIRI , KOTHAM PATTHANUN , NGUYEN NGOC TUAN
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Yaemkong S, Jaipong P, Kotham P, Ngoc TN. 2019. Phenotypic and morphometric characteristics of Bangkaew dog in Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. Biodiversitas 20: 2877-2882. A research study was conducted to analyze phenotypic and morphometric characteristics of Bangkaew dogs in Mueang, Phromphirum, and Bangrakam districts, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. In total, 54 Bangkaew dogs were randomly sampled by purposive sampling from 20 farmers between November 2018 and March 2019. The data consisted of nine phenotypic characteristics that were recorded visually and five morphometric characteristics that were obtained by using descriptive statistics and analysis of ANOVA to compare difference among means and correlation coefficients. Majority of the standard identities of Bangkaew dogs were according to the breed such as the guard coat around the face (100.00%), the guard coat around the neck or the chest coat (100.00%), the coat of belly (100.00%), the guard coat behind ears (100.00%), the lion’s leg shape (100.00%), the long coat from hip to the upper thigh (100.00%), and the plume tail (100.00%), except for the guard coat from the ruff around the shoulder (98.15%). Moreover, the coat of hair of Bangkaew dogs in this study was white-brown color (55.31%), followed by white-gray color (23.92%), white-black color (10.78%), brown color (6.44%), gray color (2.11%), and black color (1.44%), respectively. Least square means of males morphometric characteristics was significantly (p<0.05) greater than female body weight (21.44 ± 3.33 kg vs. 19.04 ± 3.01 kg), body height (49.52 ± 4.09 cm vs. 46.21 ± 5.30 cm) and leg length (38.64 ± 8.88 cm vs. 34.31 ± 5.75 cm), except for body width (19.48 ± 5.82 cm vs. 17.76 ± 4.24 cm; p>0.05), and for body length of females (55.76 ± 9.37 cm vs. 55.00 ± 7.18 cm; p>0.05) was superior to males of Bangkaew dogs. The correlations among morphometric characteristics such as body width vs. leg length, body length vs. body height, body weight vs. body height, body weight vs. body length, and body height vs. leg length, were 0.64, 0.56, 0.52, 0.34, and 0.33, respectively. These results implied that in order to conserve standard identities and improve morphometric characteristics, their typical characteristics such as structure, coat of hair and body size required by raisers should be considered in the breeding selection and mating system.
Short Communication: Intraspecific genetic diversity and population subdivision of rabbitfish (Siganidae: Siganus canaliculatus) in urbanized reefs of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia
Authors: Madduppa Hawis , MARGARETHA MUTIARA KRISTINA , BRAMANDITO ADITYA , PRARTONO TRI , SUBHAN BEGINER , ARAFAT DONDY , ANGGRAINI NURLITA PUTRI
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Madduppa H, Margaretha MK, Bramandito A, Prartono T, Subhan B, Arafat D, Anggraini NP. 2019. Short Communication: Intraspecific genetic diversity and population subdivision of rabbitfish (Siganidae: Siganus canaliculatus) in urbanized reefs of Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: xxxx. Indonesian coral reefs and seagrass are heavily influenced by human activities through pollution and habitat loss, and sea-level rise or the increase of ocean temperature due to the global change. In the Jakarta Bay and Seribu Islands, marine communities have been impacted by an increase in eutrophication and sedimentation levels. As a result, these habitats became degraded and could affect their associated organisms such as rabbitfish. Genetic diversity and population structure can provide information about a long-term condition in an aquatic organism. The study was conducted to assess genetic diversity and population structure of rabbitfish (Siganus canaliculatus) across an environmental gradient in Jakarta Bay and Seribu Islands. A total of 31 individuals were collected using gillnet in study sites. A molecular marker mitochondrial Cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) was used to amplify DNA. The result of the phylogenetic tree formed two major clades, which generally separate northern and southern region of Seribu Islands populations. AMOVA analysis showed significant genetic differentiation between the population of Siganus canaliculatus in the north zone (National Park) and south zone Seribu Island (FST = 0.38, p<0.005). The highest haplotype diversity (Hd) of Siganus canaliculatus contained was observed in the north (Pulau Semak Daun) and south (Pulau Damar) in both as moderate (0.50). Nucleotide diversity ( ) of Siganus canaliculatus was categorized as low (0.076) to moderate (0.500). Environment and humans seem to affect the value of genetic diversity, and as the study suggests, a significant population subdivision makes this population vulnerable.
Synchronization of GnRH and PGF2α on estrus response, pregnancy, progesterone hormones in crossing of Swamp Buffalo and Water Buffalo in West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Roza Elly , SALAM N. ARITONANG  , HILDA SUSANTI  , AFRIANI SANDRA
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Roza E, Aritonang SN, Susanti H, Sandra A. 2019. Synchronization of GnRH and PGF2α on estrus response, pregnancy, progesterone hormones in crossing of swamp buffalo and water buffalo in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2910-2914. This study aims to determine the effect of GnRH and PGF2α synchronization on estrus emergence, pregnancy percentage, progesterone hormone levels and blood profile from artificial insemination (AI) of swamp and water buffalo crossing in Sijunjung, West Sumatra. The samples were 21 female swamp buffaloes with criteria clinically healthy, age ≥ 2.5 years and not pregnant. All buffalos on the first day were synchronized using 250 μgGnRH (Fertagyl®, Intervet International). All of the buffaloes received 12.5 μg PGF2α on the seventh day after GnRH injection. On the second day after injection of PG2α, the observation of estrus was carried out, the buffalos with estrus symptoms appeared after performing AI for 18 hours which the estrus symptoms was seen using a 0.5 ml Murrah buffalo semen with a sperm concentration of 500 million. Blood serum of 3-5 ml for the examination of progesterone levels was taken on days 21, 24, and 27 after appeared in AI. Hormone analysis was performed using the Enzyme-Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (ELISA) method. The variables measured were the percentage of estrus, pregnancy, progesterone hormone levels, and blood profile. Pregnancy examination (PE) was carried out after 90 days in AI through rectal palpation. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed synchronization of GnRH and PG2α hormones in buffalo cattle which had 100% estrus, 66.67% pregnancy after AI, pregnant buffalo progesterone concentration 5.09-8.87 ng/mL and non-pregnant 1.11-3.45 ng/mL, total blood protein 7.9 g/L and blood glucose 86.86 mg/dL. The conclusion of this study is that the combination of GnRH and PG2α gives a clear appearance of estrus, progesterone hormone levels, and optimal buffalo blood profile.
The abundance of canopy arthropods in South Sumatra (Indonesia) freshwater swamp main and ratooned rice applied with bioinsecticides and synthetic insecticide
Authors: GHANNI PRABAWATI  , Herlinda Siti , YULIA PUJIASTUTI
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Prabawati G, Herlinda S, Pujiastuti Y. 2019. A comparative study on the arboreal arthropod abundance of rice fields between applied with fungal bioinsecticides and abamectin in the freshwater swamp of South Sumatra, Indonesia (Study case in the main and ratoon rice fields). Biodiversitas 20: 2921-2930. Ratoon rice has been cultivated by local farmers in South Sumatra and can be a source of habitat and niches for the main rice arthropods. The study aimed to compare the abundance of arthropods between main and rationed rice field applied with fungal bioinsecticides and abamectin. This study used bioinsecticides from fungi of Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Cordyceps militaris and control using abamectin. Arboreal arthropods sampled using a sweep net. The abundance of arthropods in the main rice tends to be higher than in ratoon. Spiders found during the two rice seasons were Araneidae, Linyphiidae, Lycosidae, Oxyopidae, Salticidae, Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae, Theridiosomatidae, while predatory insects found were Mantidae, Coenagrionidae, Staphylinidae, Anthicidae, Latridiidae, Formicidae, Coccinellidae, Coccinellidae, Tettigoniidae, Miridae, Carabidae. The fungal bioinsecticides did not reduce the predatory arthropod abundance but the abamectin caused a decrease in the abundance of all guilds. The most drastic decrease was found in web-building spiders. The movement of hunting spiders and the predatory insects of the main to ratoon rice was faster than that of web-building spiders. The existence of ratoon rice could become habitats and niches for arthropods from the main rice. For this reason, controlling the herbivore insects could use bioinsecticides derived from entomopathogenic fungi.
Survival and root structure changes of rice seedlings in different cultivars under submergence condition
Authors: Rachmawati Diah , M.M. MARYANI  , SUHESTI KUSUMADEWI  , FITRI RAHAYU
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Rachmawati D, Maryani MM, Kusumadewi S, Rahayu F. 2019. Survival and root structure changes of rice seedlings in different cultivars under submergence condition. Biodiversitas 20: 3011-3017. Submergence affects plant growth and fitness in natural and agricultural ecosystem. Plant survival to submergence is strongly influenced by the water level and duration of submergence. The objective of this study was to determine the survivalysiological and root anatomical changes of two rice cultivars seedlings to submergence The experiment used completely randomized design with three factors, cultivar (IR-64’ and ‘Inpara 5’), depth and duration of submergence. Depth of submergence consisted of 3 levels: without, partial and complete submergence. Fourteen days old seedlings were treated for 5, 10 and 15 days of submergence. The observed parameters were seedling survival, chlorophyll content, soluble sugar and starch content, plant biomass, and root anatomical structure. The results showed that seedlings survival of ‘IR-64’ and ‘Inpara 5’ decreased by increasing depth and duration of submergence. Increasing depth of submergence decreased chlorophyll content, soluble sugar content and plant biomass. Anatomically, depth and duration of submergence showed a greater increased in root cortex thickness, aerenchyma tissue diameter and the percentage of cortex to be aerenchyma of rice ‘IR-64’ and ‘Inpara 5’. Fifteen days of complete submergence significantly decreased seedlings survival and increased the diameter of aerenchyma in both ‘IR-64’ and ‘Inpara 5’.
The growth and rooting dimensions of the Local and Solomon Albizia in the agroforestry system
Authors: - NIKMATUL AZIZAH , NURHENI WIJAYANTO  , DESTA WIRNAS
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Azizah N, Wijayanto N, Wirnas D. 2019. The growth and rooting dimensions of the Local and Solomon Albizia in the agroforestry system. Biodiversitas 20: 3018-3023. Albizia (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W.Grimes) is one of the leguminous plants that has a fast-growing character and profitable wood. Some types of albizia such as local albizia and Solomon albizia are cultivated by the community. Albizia planting can be integrated with crops such as upland paddy in agroforestry systems. Research on albizia planted in the agroforestry system was conducted to analyze the growth and root dimensions. This research was conducted for six months at the Cikabayan Field, Faculty of Forestry, IPB University, Bogor, West Java. This study was composed of two activities, those : (i) analyzing the effect of the albizia provenance on the growth of diameter, height, and canopy area, (ii) analyzing the root dimensions in agroforestry systems. The results showed that the albizia provenance had significant effect fo diameter, height, canopy area, and root length variable. F1 Solomon albizia has the best growth in all measured variables. F1 Solomon albizia has differed significantly with F2 Solomon and local albizia.
Morphology and isozyme variation among madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) accessions from southeastern part of Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: RESTYKANIA  , Suratman  , ARI PITOYO  , SURANTO
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Restykania, Suratman, Pitoyo A, Suranto. 2019. Morphology and isozyme variation among madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia) accessions from southeastern part of Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3024-3032. The genetic diversity among madeira vine accessions from southeastern part of Central Java has not been investigated in detail. Information on genetic diversity and relationship among accessions of this plant will provide important input into determining resourceful management strategies and guiding the improvement of plants through plant breeding programs. The objective of this study was to evaluate variation of morphology and isozyme among madeira vine (Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis) accessions from southeastern part of Central Java. A total of 13 madeira vine accessions were used for morphological observations and isozyme analysis. Morphological diversity was characterized based on measurements and observations of vegetative structures such as stems, leaves, and aerial tubers. Identification of biochemical markers was done using peroxidase and esterase isozyme systems. A relationship dendrogram among accessions was constructed based on the genetic similarity matrix by applying a cluster analysis. The analysis of quantitative and qualitative morphological characters revealed that the majority of the tested traits showed variation, indicating that there was variability among the tested madeira vine accessions. Polymorphism was observed using isozyme of peroxidase (i.e. two banding patterns) and esterase (i.e. five banding patterns). Based on the dendrogram at a level of 63 % similarity, it showed distinct separation of 13 madeira vine accessions into two major clusters. Cluster I consisted of nine accessions and the closest relationship was shown between KLT 3 and KLT 1 accessions that had 94 % of similarity coefficient. The remaining four accessions were clustered separately as Cluster II with similarity coefficient of 73 %. Therefore, genetic characterization based on morphological and isozyme markers obtained in this study is valuable to understand genetic variability and relationship among madeira vine accessions in southeastern part of Central Java.
A novel subspecies-specific primer targeting the gyrase B gene for the detection of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense
Authors: Joko Tri , ALAN SOFFAN  , MUHAMMAD SAIFUR ROHMAN
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Joko T, Soffan A, Muhammad Saifur Rohman MS. 2019. A novel subspecies-specific primer targeting the gyrase B gene for the detection of Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense. Biodiversitas 20: 3042-3048. Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense is one of the major causative bacterial pathogens of the soft rot disease in various crops. It has a high virulence and a wide range of hosts in the tropics and the subtropics. Most often, conventional methods are not able to accurately distinguish P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense from other subspecies. Thus, this study aimed to design a specific gyrase B gene (gyrB) -based primers for the detection and identification of soft rot pathogen. The specific primers design was based on the alignment using gyrB gene sequence data from P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense and other data from the GenBank. The primers comprised of F-gyr-Pcb (5’-CAC AGG CAC CGC TGG CTG TT-3’) and R-gyr-Pcb (5’-CGT CGT TCC ACT GCA ATG CCA-3’) with an amplicon of 336 base pairs. The specificity of the primers pair was verified both in silico and in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays, where the primers could only detect P. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense. Primers’ sensitivity was determined by qualitative PCR with a detection limit of less than 0.5 ng/µL of genomic DNA. Hence, the proposed detection tool can be beneficial to advance further studies on the ecology and epidemiology of soft rot diseases.
Phylogeny of Tacca (Taccaceae) and traits in reproductive structures, with description of a new Bornean species
Authors: Wong Sin Yeng , Chua Kek Shen
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Wong SY, Chua KS. 2019. Phylogeny of Tacca (Taccaceae) and traits in reproductive structures, with description of a new Bornean species. Biodiversitas 20: 3096-3118. A phylogenetic study of 16 of the c. 20 Tacca species is presented using nuclear ITS and plastid matK gene regions. Tacca leontopetaloides and T. maculata are a sister clade to the rest of the Tacca species. Tacca palmata and T. palmatifida are strongly supported together in a clade with this clade sister to T. bibracteata and T. plantaginea. All endemic Bornean taxa except T. bibracteata formed a derived clade together with non-Bornean T. cristata and T. sumatrana. The Bornean taxa are separated into three clades with T. borneensis sister to the other two clades. Twelve morphological characteristics are coded and mapped onto the Maximum Parsimony tree to elucidate potential evolutionary patterns. Results indicated shifts from a geophytic (irregularly-) seasonally dormant to an evergreen mesophytic habit, a decompound to a simple leaf blade, a long to a short peduncle, green to dark-colored inflorescences, numerous to few inner bracts, bracteoles, and flowers, and a low to an increased number of ovules. Within the Bornean taxa, there is a reversal from showy bracts and elaborate inflorescences to less showy bracts and simplified inflorescences. Tacca cristata Jack is resurrected from within T. integrifolia Ker Gawl. sensu Drenth. A new species, Tacca havilandii S.Y.Wong & K.S.Chua from Borneo is described.
A part and yet apart: how third sector visions of carbon reduction are both welcomed and marginalised
Authors: Dobson Julian
Published: January 2020

The role of the third sector in promoting action on carbon reduction is often that of a third party, lobbying and working from the sidelines and occupying ‘green niches’ (Seyfang, 2010) without direct access to levers of power. This article examines how visions of low-carbon futures promoted by third sector actors are both integrated and marginalised at a wider institutional scale. Focusing on efforts to encourage environmental sustainability by organisations within three northern English cities, it highlights how a process of ‘integrative marginalisation’ may be observed, in which radical visions of a low-carbon future are simultaneously embraced and excluded at an institutional scale. Integrative marginalisation displays four salient features: initial welcome and acceptance; relatively small investments of support; the exclusion of substantial changes from mainstream decision making; and the assertion of institutional priorities that limit potential action. Integrative marginalisation thus raises questions about the conditions required to prompt more fundamental change.
Diffraction efficiency evaluation for diamond turning of harmonic diffractive optical elements
Authors: Zhou Peng , Xue Changxi , Yang Chao , Liu Chang , Liu Xingguo
Published: January 2020

Single point diamond turning is a commonly used method for manufacturing harmonic diffractive optical elements (HDOEs). Diffraction efficiency of HDOEs is sensitive to surface-relief profile errors, and a half-round tool can reduce the profile error obviously. Furthermore, the diamond tools also create surface roughness errors. The two errors will produce shadowing and scattering effects. In this paper, the two kinds of errors, especially the surface roughness, are described accurately. A mathematical model is proposed to reveal the relationship among diffraction efficiency, cutting tool radius, feed rate, microstructure zone period widths, and the refractive index of the substrate material and balance the influence of shadowing and scattering effects. The simulation results show that the model can guide the acquisition of high-precision surface topography and high diffraction efficiency, which improves the imaging quality of the optical system.
Sapphire advanced mitigation process: wet etch to expose sub-surface damage and increase laser damage resistance and mechanical strength
Authors: Suratwala T. , Steele R. , Destino J. , Wong L. , Norton M. , Laurence T. , Aracne-Ruddle C. , Miller P. , Shen N. , Feit M. , Ray N. , Carr W. , Rivers C. , Peters V. , Jeppson S. , Malone D. , Greene W.
Published: January 2020

A novel, to the best of our knowledge, method of wet chemical etching of sapphire workpieces (such as optics, wafers, windows, and cones), called the sapphire advanced mitigation process (or sapphire AMP), has been developed that exposes sub-surface mechanical damage created during the optical fabrication process and significantly enhances the surface laser damage resistance (

>

2

×

) and mechanical strength (up to

∼

2.6

×

). Sapphire AMP involves first treating the workpiece with a mixture of sulfuric and phosphoric acid

(
[

H

2

S

O

4

]
:
[

H

3

P

O

4

]
=
1
:
3
)

at 220°C, followed with phosphoric acid at 160°C, then with sodium hydroxide base (NaOH) and surfactant at 40°C, and finally with a high-pressure deionized water spray rinse. Sapphire AMP has been demonstrated on both A- and C-plane sapphire workpieces. The mechanism of this etch process involves the reaction of the sapphire

(

A

l

2

O

3

)

surface with sulfuric acid

(

H

2

S

O

4

)

forming aluminum sulfate

[

A
l

2

(

S
O

4

)
3

]

, which has low solubility. The high phosphoric acid content in the first and second steps of sapphire AMP results in the efficient conversion of

A
l

2

(

S
O

4

)
3

to aluminum phosphate

(

A
l
P

O

4

)

, which is very soluble, greatly reducing reaction product redeposition on the workpiece surface. Sapphire AMP is shown to expose sub-surface mechanical damage on the sapphire surface created during the grinding and polishing processes, whose etched morphology has either isotropic or anisotropic evolution depending on the nature of the initial surface damage. Sapphire AMP was also designed to remove the key known surface, laser absorbing precursors (namely, foreign chemical impurities, the fracture surface layer of preexisting sub-surface damage, and reaction product or foreign species redeposition or precipitation). Static and sliding indention induced surface microfractures on sapphire are shown after sapphire AMP to have a significant decrease in the fast photoluminescence intensity (a known metric for measuring the degree of laser damaging absorbing precursors). In addition, the onset of laser damage (at 351 nm 3 ns) on sapphire AMP treated workpieces was shown to increase in fluence from

∼

4

to

>

9

.

5

J

/

c
m

2

. Finally, biaxial ball-on-ring mechanical tests on sapphire disks showed an increase in the failure stress from 340 MPa (with pre-existing 28 µm flaws) to

∼

900

M
P
a

after sapphire AMP, which is attributed to the blunting of the surface microfractures.
Depixelation and enhancement of fiber bundle images by bundle rotation
Authors: Renteria Carlos , Suárez Javier , Licudine Alyssa , Boppart Stephen A.
Published: January 2020

Fiber bundles have become widely adopted for use in endoscopy, live-organism imaging, and other imaging applications. An inherent consequence of imaging with these bundles is the introduction of a honeycomb-like artifact that arises from the inter-fiber spacing, which obscures features of objects in the image. This artifact subsequently limits applicability and can make interpretation of the image-based data difficult. This work presents a method to reduce this artifact by on-axis rotation of the fiber bundle. Fiber bundle images were first low-pass and median filtered to improve image quality. Consecutive filtered images with rotated samples were then co-registered and averaged to generate a final, reconstructed image. The results demonstrate removal of the artifacts, in addition to increased signal contrast and signal-to-noise ratio. This approach combines digital filtering and spatial resampling to reconstruct higher-quality images, enhancing the utility of images acquired using fiber bundles.
Automatic method for segmenting leaves by combining 2D and 3D image-processing techniques
Authors: Itakura Kenta , Hosoi Fumiki
Published: January 2020

In this study, a method to automatically segment plant leaves from three-dimensional (3D) images using structure from motion is proposed. First, leaves in the 3D images are roughly segmented using a region-growing method in which near points with distances less than 0.2 cm are assigned to the same group. By repeating this process, the leaves not touching each other can be segmented. Then, each segmented leaf is projected onto two-dimensional (2D) images, and the watershed algorithm is executed. This process successfully segments overlapping leaves.
Focal-plane three-dimensional imaging method based on temporal ghost imaging: a proof of concept simulation
Authors: Bo Zunwang , Gong Wenlin , Han Shensheng
Published: January 2020

A new focal-plane three-dimensional (3D) imaging method based on
temporal ghost imaging is proposed and demonstrated. By exploiting the
advantages of temporal ghost imaging, this method enables the
utilization of slow integrating cameras and facilitates 3D surface
imaging within the framework of sequential flood-illumination and
focal-plane detection. The depth information is achieved by a temporal
correlation between received and reference signals with multiple-shot,
and the reflectivity information is achieved by flash imaging with a
single-shot. The feasibility and performance of this focal-plane 3D
imaging method have been verified through theoretical analysis and
numerical experiments.
Continuous-variable quantum key distribution based on a faster-than-Nyquist scheme
Authors: Pan Yaxi , Zhang Ling , Guo Ying , Huang Duan
Published: January 2020

In previous continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD)
systems, the transmission rate is limited by the Nyquist criterion.
Since the data symbols transmit without intersymbol interference (ISI)
under this limitation, how to improve the secret key rate is still a
notoriously hard problem. Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) technology has
been viewed as a potential technique in future communication systems,
because of its higher spectrum efficiency and faster symbol rate. In
this paper, a CV-QKD system based on FTN is proposed. The transmission
of an FTN system is simulated, and then we analyze the Mazo limit and
the constrained capacities of the system, and finally compare the
secret key rate of FTN signals and Nyquist signals. Our proposed
scheme is especially beneficial for the high-speed scenario.
Simulation results demonstrate that such a CV-QKD system can increase
channel capacity and enhance key rate; it can also improve the safe
transmission distance of CV-QKD.
Correction of nonlinear errors from PGC carrier phase delay and AOIM in fiber-optic interferometers for nanoscale displacement measurement
Authors: Dong Yisi , Hu Pengcheng , Ran Ming , Fu Haijin , Yang Hongxing , Yang Ruitao
Published: January 2020

In fiber-optic interferometers with laser frequency modulation, carrier phase delay and accompanied optical intensity modulation (AOIM) in phase-generated-carrier (PGC) demodulation inevitably produce nonlinear errors that can seriously hamper displacement measurement accuracy. As for the existing improved PGC scheme, they are only capable to compensate for one of these effects. As the only method that is effective in eliminating the two effects simultaneously, typical ellipse fitting methods require target movements λlaser/4, and fail when the PGC carrier phase delay is proximate to certain values (e.g., nπ +π/4, nπ +π/2). Herein, a modified nonlinear-error correction method for errors due to PGC carrier phase delay and AOIM is proposed. Active laser-wavelength scanning by constant variation of the laser drive temperature is used to replace the target movement. A fiber-optic Michelson interferometer is constructed and experiments are performed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The experimental results show that after correction, the nonlinear error is reduced to less than 1nm, and nanoscale displacement measurement is achieved.
High-Q diamond microresonators in the long-wave infrared
Authors: Lee Yu-Jen , Das Avijit , Talghader Joseph J.
Published: January 2020

High quality factor (Q) photonic devices in the room temperature thermal infrared region, corresponding to deeper long-wave infrared with wavelengths beyond 9 microns, have been demonstrated for the first time. Whispering gallery mode diamond microresonators were fabricated using single crystal diamond substrates and oxygen-based inductively coupled plasma (ICP) reactive ion etching (RIE) at high angles. The spectral characteristics of the devices were probed at room temperature using a tunable quantum cascade laser that was free space-coupled into the resonators. Light was extracted via an arsenic selenide (As2Se3) chalcogenide infrared fiber and directed to a cryogenically cooled mercury cadmium telluride (HgCdTe) detector. The quality factors were tested in multiple microresonators across a wide spectral range from 9 to 9.7 microns with similar performance. One example resonance (of many comparables) was found to reach 3648 at 9.601 µm. Fourier analysis of the many resonances of each device showed free spectral ranges slightly greater than 40 GHz, matching theoretical expectations for the microresonator diameter and the overlap of the whispering gallery mode with the diamond.
Fully waterproof two-axis galvanometer scanner for enhanced wide-field optical-resolution photoacoustic microscopy
Authors: Lee Jaeyul , Han Sangyeob , Seong Daewoon , Lee Junsoo , Park Sungjo , Eranga Wijesinghe Ruchire , Jeon Mansik , Kim Jeehyun
Published: January 2020

A large field-of-view and fast scanning of photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) relatively have been difficult to obtain due to the water-drowned structure of the system for the transmission of ultrasonic signals. Researchers have widely studied the achievement of a waterproof scanner for dynamic biological applications with a high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. This Letter reports a novel, to the best of our knowledge, waterproof galvanometer scanner-based PAM system with a successfully attainable

9.0

m
m

×

14.5

m
m

scan region, amplitude scan rate of 40 kHz, and spatial resolution of 4.9 µm. The in vivo characterization of a mouse brain in intact-skull microvascular visualization demonstrated its capability in biomedical imaging and is anticipated to be an effective technique for various preclinical and clinical studies.
Generation of (3, 1) vector signals based on optical carrier suppression without pre-coding
Authors: Xiao Jiangnan , Feng Xingxing , Zhou Wen , Liu Bo , Dong Xu , Zhao Chuang , Zuo Jiangli , Zhang Jiao , Zhao Li
Published: January 2020

We experimentally and numerically demonstrated the generation of a (3, 1) vector signal by a single Mach–Zehnder modulator (MZM) without pre-coding. The MZM is driven by the (3, 1) modulated signal after photoelectric conversion by the “square law” of a photodetector. Although the phase changes, the corresponding constellation distribution is consistent with that of the regular signal. Our proposed scheme effectively avoids the pre-coding process with a simple architecture. The bit-error-ratio (BER) results indicate that the (3, 1) signal has a better BER performance than the pre-coded quadrature phase shift keying vector signal, and both are below

3.8

×

10

−
3

after 25 km optical fiber transmission.
Wavelength-tunable focusing via a Fresnel zone microsphere
Authors: Zhou Yan , Ji Rong , Teng Jinghua , Hong Minghui
Published: January 2020

In this Letter, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, structural configuration on a transparent microsphere is proposed to engineer the focusing light field. By patterning a hybrid diffractive Fresnel zone plate structure on a partially milled microsphere using a focused ion beam, wavelength-dependent switching between mono-focal and multi-focal functionalities can be achieved. Generation of on-axis tri-foci and mono-focus light fields under high numerical-aperture (

N
A

>

0.67

) conditions at two working wavelengths (405 nm and 808 nm) have been demonstrated both numerically and experimentally.
Tunable ultra-flat optical-comb-enabled, reconfigurable, and efficient coherent channelized receiver
Authors: Huang Huan , Wang Ruofan , Zhang Chongfu , Chen Yong , Yang Haifeng , Qiu Kun
Published: January 2020

In this Letter, based on two advanced tunable ultra-flat optical frequency comb generators (T-FOCGs), a coherent channelized receiver with high channelized efficiency and reconfigurability is proposed. In the T-FOCG, the number of 1 dB comb lines increases with the gain, but the optical power of these 1 dB comb lines has almost the constant variance. In the proposed scheme, one optical carrier can support four sub-channels. Meanwhile, the number and bandwidth of sub-channels, as well as the bandwidth and center frequency of an original broadband signal, are all tunable. In this Letter, we verify the feasibility of the coherent channelized receiver by channelizing a 4 GHz signal with a 20 GHz center frequency into four 1 GHz sub-channels, and the reconfigurability is demonstrated by channelizing a 10 GHz signal with frequencies from 18 to 28 GHz into five 2 GHz sub-channels. Moreover, the error-vector magnitude curves of the directly received and the channelized quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signal at different amounts of beat noise are compared.
«Mario Benedetti y el ensayo: la práctica discursiva de un intelectual comprometido»
Authors: Correa Lust Constanza Inés
Published: January 2020

El ensayo, en Latinoamérica, se presenta como discurso textual específico que permite el debate crítico sobre la cultura y las distintas funciones socio-políticas de la literatura. Este género se  presenta como un campo discursivo en el cual los intelectuales intervienen asiduamente y, ya en la segunda mitad del siglo xx, representa la forma discursiva predominante (aunque no excluyente) entre los «intelectuales comprometidos». La ensayística de un intelectual uruguayo de amplia repercusión y difusión como Mario Benedetti, nos ofrece la oportunidad para analizar cómo este género se presenta como una práctica discursiva privilegiada para el ejercicio de la función enunciativa de quienes defendieron el compromiso de la literatura como un modo de lucha contra el neocolonialismo. Nos proponemos entonces analizar, mediante el análisis del discurso, cómo la elección de un género específico como el ensayo, tiene una función pragmática que responde a una manera particular de concebir el ejercicio intelectual.
Taxonomía metafórica en La estación violenta (1958), orientación retórica hacia la interpretación progresista de la humanidad
Authors: Delgado Del Aguila Jesús Miguel
Published: January 2020

Este artículo toma como referencia los poemas «¿No hay salida?» y «El río» de La estación violenta (1958), para demostrar que esta obra literaria inserta el pensamiento reflexivo de que la humanidad debe priorizar sus proyectos personales, preservarlos y desarrollarlos en medida de lo posible. Esta orientación ideológica del autor será comprobada a través de la interpretación retórica de este objeto de análisis, que es válida desde la taxonomía de los tipos de metáfora. Esta propuesta teórica fue formulada por George Lakoff y Mark Johnson en su libro Metáforas de la vida cotidiana (1995) y ha sido estudiada rigurosamente por el investigador Camilo Fernández Cozman. Entre sus planteamientos, el que se empleará es el que busca la distinción y la articulación de megametáforas (nociones generales que, a la vez, conforman las metáforas orientacionales, ontológicas y estructurales) y metáforas específicas (nociones particulares que se derivan de las megametáforas). Este trabajo tiene la finalidad de que se argumente con propiedad epistemológica el quehacer literario del escritor mexicano Octavio Paz. De la misma manera, se confrontan los conceptos de interlocutores y cosmovisión como respaldo para afianzar esa peculiar direccionalidad ideológica del poemario.
«En este país no se mueve una hoja sin que yo lo sepa». Jardines, dictadura e intelectuales en "Nocturno de Chile", de Roberto Bolaño
Authors: Martinez Alejandro
Published: January 2020

Este artículo propone revisar cómo Roberto Bolaño utiliza la imagen y la metáfora del jardín en su novela Nocturno de Chile (2000) como expresión estética y política de la dictadura de Augusto Pinochet, de manera que se podría reflexionar en torno a la existencia de un «jardín-país» artificioso y disciplinado. En este trabajo, el jardín se comprende como expresión estética de la biopolítica, como modo de ocultar la violencia de la dictadura bajo la belleza del orden que imposibilita ver la destrucción necesaria para implantarlo. Asimismo, se analiza el rol que cumplen los intelectuales y militares representados en la novela como actores «jardineros» que establecen mecanismos de limpieza y eliminación de «malezas», es decir, de aquellos sujetos que disienten de la dictadura. El análisis permite, finalmente, dar cuenta de cómo en esta novela, así como en otras expresiones culturales chilenas, la imagen del jardín, como dispositivo de la cultura material, permite comprender las relaciones de poder en una sociedad, de sus mecanismos de ordenamiento y control, y de su afán de capturar y modificar la mirada de quienes hacen vida en ese territorio.
Emil Volek. Despistemes: La teoría literaria y cultural de Emil Volek. Una antología de textos. Andrés Pérez-Simón, ed. y trad. Madrid: Verbum, 2018
Authors: Moreno Vicent
Published: January 2020

Reseña de la publicación Emil Volek. Despistemes: La teoría literaria y cultural de Emil Volek. Una antología de textos. Andrés Pérez-Simón, ed. y trad. Madrid: Verbum, 2018. 386 páginas, ISBN: 9788490747544.
Sociedad moderna, mercado y fraude democrático
Authors: Arnau Espinosa José Antonio
Published: January 2020

Abordamos la consistencia interna del fenómeno moderno derecho para poner de manifiesto las consecuencias posibles y efectivas de la vinculación esencialmente contradictoria entre, por un lado, la sociedad moderna, dado su carácter mercantil y, por ende, su estructura capitalista, y, por otro, su propio proyecto racionalizador (en su doble vertiente: derecho y ciencia). Desde el lado jurídico-político, esas consecuencias aparecen a modo de inevitable fraude democrático sistémico, y no ya desde un punto de vista material, como a menudo se reconoce (la realidad socio-económica impide la aplicación efectiva del derecho, de la forma derecho, en alguna medida –según se cree- realmente instaurada, establecida), sino fraude ante todo precisamente a nivel formal: lo que habría de ser el poder civil es sistemáticamente suplantado por un poder pseudo-civil. Muestra evidente de todo ello: nuestras supuestas leyes, supuestas constituciones, supuesto sistema de separación de poderes, supuestas declaraciones de derechos, supuestas democracias, etc. La perspectiva fenomenológica adoptada, con apoyo en el conjunto del pensamiento moderno, aunque de manera destacada en Kant y en Marx, muestra su rendimiento: deja ver al propio proyecto racionalizador moderno como el verdadero e inflexible patrón (auto-)crítico al que la propia sociedad moderna que le ha dado vida no tiene más remedio que rehuir, si no quiere perecer a manos de la revolución socialista.
La utopía en el banquillo de los acusados: la legitimidad de la AIT a través del proceso judicial a huelguistas de Cocentaina (País Valencià) en los años 1870
Authors: Fernández Vilaplana Diego Luis
Published: January 2020

La singular persistencia del anarquismo en España ha sido atribuida al mesianismo del movimiento obrero local y al arcaísmo de su ideología. Pero si existe un hilo conductor que conecta Jerez, Montjuic, la Mano Negra y Casas Viejas, incluso mayo del 37 con la sala Scala, es sin duda una acción policial y judicial abusiva e indiscriminada. El pernicioso cóctel de la represión y la incapacidad jalona la tormentosa relación del ideario libertario con el Estado. La historia, sin embargo, bien pudo ser otra. Existió una alternativa en los albores del internacionalismo que hubiese evitado el choque de trenes. Una opción sostenida jurídicamente en los tribunales por magistrados, fiscales y letrados, como Miguel Zorrilla, Eugenio Díez o Agustí Sardà. Una huelga de obreros papeleros en Cocentaina puso a prueba la sinceridad del derecho a asociarse, reconocido en la Constitución de 1869. Y el Tribunal Supremo sentó en el banquillo de los acusados a la utopía filosofal del mal, ese germen revolucionario que se abriga en los talleres.
Характер формирования и численность гарнизонов Колывано-Воскресенского ведомства во второй четверти XVIII в.
Authors: Бобров Денис Сергеевич
Published: January 2020

Публикация посвящена анализу динамики численности и характера формирования  воинских гарнизонов колывано-воскресенских предприятий во второй четверти XVIII в. в контексте регионального освоенческого и административно-политического процессов. Источниковую основу исследования составили подавляющей частью не введенные в научный оборот и во многом уникальные массивы трех фондов Российского государственного архива древних актов.

Автор приходит к выводу о том, что на протяжении второй четверти XVIII в. шло планомерное увеличение численности гарнизонов Колывано-Воскресенских заводов, состоявших как из регулярных, так и иррегулярных частей. Вопрос охраны производств регулировался в рамках управленческого треугольника «гражданские власти – частновладельческие, а затем ведомственные кабинетские структуры – военные власти», где воеводы Кузнецкого уезда односторонне и малорезультативно стремились сохранить свое административное влияние на складывавшееся горное ведомство, а динамика насыщения воинскими подразделениями увязывалась не столько с расширением значимости производственного комплекса, сколько становилась реакцией на военные акции кочевников в приграничной зоне.