bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Matematis Mahasiswa pada Topik Persamaan Garis Menurut Tingkat Berpikir Van Hiele
Authors: Nurfitri Elissa , Sudihartinih Eyus
Published: October 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan literasi matematis mahasiswa pada topik persamaan garis menurut tingkat berpikir van Hiele. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis deskriptif. Subjek penelitian ini adalah empat mahasiswa dari salah satu universitas di Indonesia yang mempelajari mata kuliah geometri analitik. Keempat mahasiswa ini diambil dengan kategori mahasiswa dengan tingkat berpikir van Hiele yakni pre-visualisasi, visualisasi, analisis, dan deduksi informal. Teknik pengumpulan data yang dilakukan adalah tes, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan di antaranya pengumpulan data, reduksi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara umum mahasiswa dengan tahap deduksi informal mampu memenuhi ketiga indikator literasi matematis pada semua soal, mahasiswa dengan tahap analisis memenuhi ketiga indikator literasi matematis pada satu soal dan belum memenuhi indikator kemampuan literasi matematis dengan sempurna pada soal lainnya, sedangkan untuk mahasiswa dengan tahap pre-visualisasi dan tahap visualisasi belum mampu memenuhi indikator literasi matematis dengan sempurna pada semua soal, sehingga dapat dikatakan partisipan dengan level deduksi informal memiliki kemampuan literasi matematis yang lebih baik. Saran dari peneliti adalah perlu adanya pengembangan mengenai penelitian sejenis di kemudian hari.
Improve Problem-Solving Ability through Implementation of Problem-Based Learning Based on Self-Regulation
Authors: Durasa Helfra , Mertasari Ni Made Sri , Pujawan I Gusti Ngurah
Published: October 2024

This research is motivated by the crucial role of mathematics in human development and the significant challenges faced in mathematics education. The research problem is the low quality of mathematics learning outcomes and the need to improve PSA and self-regulation among students. The purpose of the study was to improve students' Problem-Solving Ability (PSA) through the implementation of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) based on their level of self-regulation. The research design is quantitative quasi-experimental research using a 2 x 2 factorial-level design. The population is 430 seventh-grade students from 1st State High School 1 Langke Rembong. Data analysis using a two-way ANOVA. The results showed that PBL had a positive impact on PSA. In addition, the interaction between learning models and self-regulation significantly affects PSA. These findings have implications for classroom practice, proving the importance of applying PBL to improve PSA and the need to develop student self-regulation. The research also highlights the importance of collaboration between PBL and conventional teaching to improve student learning outcomes in mathematics.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Commath dalam Problem Based Learning untuk Pemahaman Siswa pada Materi Perbandingan
Authors: Al Hawa Mihwatul Nurika , Cipta Dyah Ayu Sulistyaning
Published: October 2024

Matematika adalah salah satu mata pelajaran yang dianggap merepotkan oleh para siswa. Materi perbandingan adalah salah satu materi yang sering menimbulkan kesulitan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh kurangnya pemahaman siswa tentang ide pemeriksaan dan kesulitan dalam menangani masalah korelasi. Dalam rangka meningkatkan pemahaman siswa pada materi perbandingan, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan media pembelajaran Commath (Comparison Mathematics) untuk Problem Based Learning (PBL). Commath merupakan media pembelajaran berbasis aplikasi yang dibuat untuk membantu siswa memahami konsep perbandingan dan menyelesaikan masalah perbandingan dengan cepat dan menyenangkan. Desain penelitian pengembangan ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siswa dapat memahami materi perbandingan dengan mudah menggunakan media pembelajaran Commath dalam PBL. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh hasil eksperimen terakhir yang menunjukkan peningkatan nilai yang sangat signifikan setelah menggunakan media pembelajaran Commath dalam PBL. Karya inovatif ini menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran Commath dalam PBL dapat menjadi media pembelajaran pilihan yang menarik untuk membantu siswa dalam memahami materi ujian.
Problem Posing in Prospective Primary School Teacher: Perspective Commognitive
Authors: Pratiwi Enditiyas , Nanna A.Wilda Indra , Rahmatina Desi , Zayyadi Moh , Kholid Muhammad Noor
Published: October 2024

This research explores the problem-posing abilities of students, especially prospective primary school teachers, which are demonstrated through problem-posing creativity produced through worksheets. In exploring students' problem-posing abilities, descriptive research with a qualitative approach was used. The subjects in the research were prospective primary school teacher students who had taken a number concept course which was chosen based on the problem-posing strategy that emerged after solving the given problem. Furthermore, subjects were interviewed in-depth to find out cognitive by looking at four indicators, namely word use, visual mediator, narrative and routine. The research results showed that there were no subjects with imitation strategies and subjects with reformulation strategies and reconstruction strategies did not give rise to problem-posing using visual mediators. This is because the subject is not used to problem-posing mathematical models in the form of diagrams or symbols.
SKENARIO IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN BLUD PADA RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH OTO ISKANDAR DI NATA KABUPATEN BANDUNG
Authors: Yunia Santi , Trilestari Endang W. , Listiani Teni
Published: October 2024

Perubahan bentuk Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Oto Iskandar Di Nata (RSUD OTISTA) menjadi BLUD mempunyai tujuan utama untuk meningkatkan kualitas pelayanan kesehatan, meskipun telah menjadi BLUD kualitas pelayanan kesehatan yang diberikan kepada masyarakat belum optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui bagaimana implementasi kebijakan BLUD pada RSUD OTISTA, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang menjadi hambatan dalam implementasi kebijakan BLUD dan merumuskan skenario perencanaan implementasi kebijakan BLUD.  Metode penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus yang dikombinasikan dengan Soft Systems Methodology (SSM). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara, studi dokumentasi dan observasi.  Perumusan skenario implementasi kebijakan BLUD dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode TAIDA dan SSM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan permasalahan utama implementasi kebijakan adalah SDM dan sumber daya keuangan.  Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut dibuat dua skenario yaitu skenario kepegawaian dan  keuangan. Skenario yang terbaik adalah skenario I kepegawaian dan skenario I keuangan, skenario ini menunjukan   kualitas pelayanan kesehatan akan maksimal apabila didukung oleh SDM yang profesional dan sumber keuangan yang cukup. Untuk meningkatkan kompetensi pegawai perlu dilakukan sosialisasi BLUD, evaluasi penempatan pegawai, penentuan jumlah, jenis dan kualifikasi pegawai, koordinasi dengan BKPSDM, seleksi dan rekrutment pegawai. Untuk meningkatkan pendapatan rumah sakit diperlukan penyusunan tarif baru, benchmarking tarif dengan rumah sakit lain, pengajuan kenaikan tarif, optimalisasi kerjasama dengan pihak asuransi, dan mengelola klaim asuransi dengan efektif dan efisien.
NASKAH AKADEMIK RANCANGAN PERATURAN DAERAH KABUPATEN PANGKAJENE DAN KEPULAUAN TENTANG PENCEGAHAN PERKAWINAN ANAK
Authors: Arifin Arini , Mauliana Deasy
Published: October 2024

Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan memiliki jumlah perkawinan anak yang relatif tinggi dan memberikan dampak terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Perkawinan anak di Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan disebabkan oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya faktor budaya yakni perjodohan. Penghapusan perkawinan anak merupakan salah satu tujuan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Anak berhak mendapatkan perlindungan oleh negara, pemerintah, orang tua, dan juga masyarakat. Guna mewujudkan hal tersebut, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun Naskah Akademik Rancangan Peraturan Daerah Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan tentang Pencegahan Perkawinan Anak sebagai basis argumentasi dalam merancang kebijakan publik mengenai metode dan strategi dalam pencegahan perkawinan anak di Kabupaten Pangkajene dan Kepulauan. Dalam penyusunan artikel naskah akademik ini dilakukan melalui metode pengumpulan dan analisis data, yakni secara kualitatif dengan melakukan studi kepustakaan dan studi literatur serta melakukan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam menyusun naskah akademik perlu mengacu pada Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2011 dijelaskan bahwa dalam upaya penyusunan pedoman hukum perlu memperhatikan efektivitas dari kebijakan tersebut bagi kehidupan masyarakat, baik secara filosofis, sosiologis maupun yuridis. Selain itu, dalam penyusunan naskah akademik rancangan peraturan daerah perlu memuat jangkauan, arah pengaturan, serta ruang lingkup materi muatan yang dimuatnya.
Nutrient enrichment can increase the thermal performance of Galápagos seaweeds
Authors: Capone HE , Brandt M , Gabrielson PW , Bruno JF
Published: October 2024

Thermal sensitivity in ectothermic organisms is often contingent upon environmental factors. Nutrient availability in particular is believed to influence the physiological responses of primary producers to global warming and is thus relevant to consider when forecasting the structure and functioning of future marine ecosystems. This study measured the effect of nutrient enrichment on the thermal sensitivity of 4 genera of Galápagos seaweeds (Ulva, Caulerpa, Padina, and Ochtodes), estimated as the thermal optimum (Topt), performance maximum (Pmax), activation energy, and deactivation energy. These parameters were quantified by modeling thermal performance curves for net photosynthesis under ambient and nutrient-enriched conditions. Our findings revealed variation in Topt among genera, ranging from 27.6° to 36.0°C. Nutrient additions enhanced Topt by ~2°C for 2 (Padina and Caulerpa) of the 4 taxa and also significantly increased Pmax in Padina, suggesting the ability for warming-induced ocean stratification and associated effects (i.e. decreasing nutrient availability) to reduce the capacities of these populations to maintain and support new growth. No significant differences in Topt or Pmax were observed for either Ulva or Ochtodes with enrichment. Ambient net photosynthesis and respiration rates were also compared across genera; Pmax rates for net photosynthesis were consistently higher than those for respiration (i.e. until just beyond Topt); however, photosynthetic Topt values were lower. Thus, this study suggests that further warming could reduce overall net primary productivity, with potentially far-reaching implications for marine food webs.
New Directions in the Management of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Thornber Katrina
Published: October 2024

MANAGEMENT of atrial fibrillation (AF) was a prevalent topic at this year’s European Society of Cardiology (ESC) Congress 2024. With an ever-growing rate of patients needing ablation therapy and new treatment strategies on the rise, a streamlined treatment approach is yet to be defined. Researchers came together to present timely late-breaking research and its clinical implications, but more importantly, to discuss what questions remain unanswered regarding the management of this condition.
Advancing the Understanding of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Towards Improved Patient Outcomes: Interview with Two Key Opinion Leaders
Authors: George Juliet
Published: October 2024

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is an inherited disorder that may cause disabling and potentially life-threatening symptoms related to thickening of the left ventricular wall. The impact of pathophysiological research on the treatment of HCM was central to the discussions with Gerald Carr-White, Deputy Medical Director of the Cardiovascular, Respiratory and Critical Care Unit at Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; and Michelle Michels, Head of the Center of Expertise for Inherited Cardiovascular Disease at the Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands, during interviews conducted for the European Medical Journal (EMJ) in May and August 2024. The experts provided an overview of current options for the symptomatic treatment of HCM, including the advent of targeted therapies, cardiac myosin inhibitors (CMI), for the obstructive form of the condition. They explored the advantages and limitations of current therapies and shared their informed opinions on how precision medicine and genetic therapies have the potential to transform patient care. While highlighting the treatment of non-obstructive disease as a significant unmet need, Carr-White and Michels expressed optimism for the future of HCM treatment, driven by an understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and guided by increasing clinical and real-world evidence.
Notch signaling regulates pulmonary fibrosis
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Xu Zhihao , Chen Qi , Zhou Zhimin
Published: October 2024

Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive interstitial lung disease associated with aging. The pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis remains unclear, however, alveolar epithelial cell injury, myofibroblast activation, and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation are recognized as key contributors. Moreover, recent studies have implicated cellular senescence, endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT), and epigenetic modifications in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases. Various signaling pathways regulate pulmonary fibrosis, including the TGF-β, Notch, Wnt, Hedgehog, and mTOR pathways. Among these, the TGF-β pathway is extensively studied, while the Notch pathway has emerged as a recent research focus. The Notch pathway influences the fibrotic process by modulating immune cell differentiation (e.g., macrophages, lymphocytes), inhibiting autophagy, and promoting interstitial transformation. Consequently, inhibiting Notch signaling represents a promising approach to mitigating pulmonary fibrosis. In this review, we discuss the role of Notch signaling pathway in pulmonary fibrosis, aiming to offer insights for future therapeutic investigations.
Nanomaterial-based cancer immunotherapy: enhancing treatment strategies
Authors: Tian Mengxiang , Liu Xionglin , Pei Haiping
Published: October 2024

Cancer immunotherapy has emerged as a pivotal approach for treating various types of cancer, incorporating strategies such as chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy, immune checkpoint blockade therapy, neoantigen peptides, mRNA vaccines, and small molecule modulators. However, the clinical efficacy of these therapies is frequently constrained by significant adverse effects and limited therapeutic outcomes. In recent years, the integration of nanotechnology into cancer immunotherapy has gained considerable attention, showcasing notable advantages in drug delivery, targeted accumulation, controlled release, and localized administration. This review focuses on nanomaterial-based immunotherapeutic strategies, particularly the development and application of nanocarriers such as liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, and self-assembling scaffolds. We examine how these strategies can enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy while minimizing adverse effects and analyze their potential for clinical translation.
Pre-modern glocalization and ancient texts in the online 21st century: explorations in and between translations, communications, and inter-civilizational encounters
Authors: Inglis David
Published: October 2024

Examining some very old things using social-theoretical thinking can shed new light on some very recent ones. This paper argues that the movement into and through digital environs of ancient texts of religious, spiritual, and other forms of significance in recent years is just the latest iteration of very long-term glocalizing processes. These involve specific types of intricate and crisscrossing intra-and inter-civilizational modes of communication and mediation, namely translation practices. The paper sets out an account of inter-civilizational encounters in history, focusing on how texts often taken by many people today as direct expressions of the divine are in fact the results of the activities of those glocalizing actors known as translators. Studies of 21st century digital glocalization, virtual religion, and related areas will benefit from further considering textual translation practices, as these are embedded within the long-term history of contacts between civilizational constellations. The historical unfoldings of ancient texts, when these have been subjected to glocalizing inter-civilizational processes, are more akin to online forms of communication than one might think. Thinking through such matters generates more capacious accounts of historical and contemporary glocalization and the glocality of civilizations.
Automating bone loss measurement on periapical radiographs for predicting the periodontitis stage and grade
Authors: Ameli Nazila , Gibson Monica Prasad , Kornerup Ida , Lagravere Manuel , Gierl Mark , Lai Hollis
Published: October 2024

Background

The aim of this study was to develop and evaluate an automated approach for segmenting bone loss (BL) on periapical (PA) radiographs and predicting the stage and grade of periodontitis.

Methods

One thousand PA radiographs obtained from 572 patients were utilized for training while a separate set of 1,582 images from 210 patients were used for testing. BL was segmented using a U-Net model, which was trained with augmented datasets to enhance generalizability. Apex detection was performed using YOLO-v9, focusing on identifying apexes of teeth to measure root length. Root length was calculated as the distance between the coordinates of detected apexes and center of cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), which was segmented utilizing a U-Net algorithm. BL percentage (ratio of BL to the root length) was used to predict the stage and grade of periodontitis. Evaluation metrics including accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, Intersection over Union (IoU), mean absolute error (MAE), intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and root mean square error (RMSE) were used to evaluate the models’ performance.

Results

The U-Net model achieved high accuracy in segmenting BL with 94.9%, 92.9%, and 95.62% on training, validation, and test datasets, respectively. The YOLO-v9 model exhibited a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 66.7% for apex detection, with a precision of 79.6% and recall of 62.4%. The BL percentage calculated from the segmented images and detected apexes demonstrated excellent agreement with clinical assessments, with ICC exceeding 0.94. Stage and grade prediction for periodontitis showed robust performance specifically for advanced stages (III/IV) and grades (C) with an F1-score of 0.945 and 0.83, respectively.

Conclusion

The integration of U-Net and YOLO-v9 models for BL segmentation and apex detection on PA radiographs proved effective in enhancing the accuracy and reliability of periodontitis diagnosis and grading.
The role of behavior-related comments in parent–child interactions with the digital audio learning system Tiptoi®
Authors: Wildt Eugenia
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Whereas previous research has extensively explored shared reading of both print and digital storybooks, it has paid little attention to hybrid storybook reading. This study aims to address two gaps in the existing literature: First, we investigate the use of a hybrid reading medium, specifically Tiptoi®, in the Digital Home Literacy Environment (DHLE) of young children. Second, we examine parental comments during shared storybook reading, focusing particularly on the purpose of behavior-related comments.

Methods

We conducted a study involving 40 preschoolers and first graders (aged 4–7 years). Using a survey, we examined the use of Tiptoi® as a hybrid reading medium in children's DHLE. Additionally, we analyzed parent-child interactions during shared reading sessions with Tiptoi® through semi-naturalistic observation.

Results

Results indicate that children aged 4-7 use Tiptoi® regularly and mostly independently. For parent-child interactions, we found that behavior-related comments typically served to provide instructions, to structure the interaction, and to address the technology itself.

Discussion

Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the use of Tiptoi® in children's DHLE, and it highlights the importance of parental behavior-related comments in enhancing the practice of reading with hybrid storybooks.
Promoting equity and addressing concerns in teaching and learning with artificial intelligence
Authors: Garcia Ramos Jennifer , Wilson-Kennedy Zakiya
Published: October 2024

This perspective article focuses on the exploration and advocacy of approaches to be considered in designing equitable learning experiences for students’ use of artificial intelligence, machine learning, and technology through the Universal Design for Learning Framework (UDL) exemplifying chemistry examples that can be applied to any course in STEM. The use of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning are causing disruptions within learning in higher education and is also casting a spotlight on systemic inequities particularly affecting minoritized groups broadly and in STEM fields. Particularly, the emergence of AI has focused on inequities toward minoritized students in academic and professional ethics. As the U.S. education system grapples with a nuanced mix of acceptance and hesitation towards AI, the necessity for inclusive and equitable education, impactful learning practices, and innovative strategies has become more pronounced. Promoting equitable approaches for the use of artificial intelligence and technology in STEM learning will be an important milestone in addressing STEM disparities toward minoritized groups and equitable accessibility to evolving technology.
Accurate leaf area index estimation for Eucalyptus grandis using machine learning method with GF-6 WFV—A case study for Huangmian town, China
Authors: Zhou Xiangjun , Liang Bin , He Jianan , He Wen
Published: October 2024

Spectral and texture features play important roles in plantation leaf area index (LAI) estimation, and their combination may enhance LAI inversion accuracy. Furthermore, research on the impact of different machine learning (ML) models on their hyperparameter combinations and splitting ratios remains challenging. In our study, experiments based on spectral and textural features of GF-6 WFV data were conducted on Eucalyptus grandis plantation forests in Huangmian Town, Guangxi, China. ML methods such as multiple stepwise regression (MSR), random forest (RF), back-propagation neural network (BPNN), and support vector regression (SVR) were mainly utilized to perform model hyper-parameter tuning and split-ratio analysis in order to estimate the LAI. The results of the study showed that spectral and gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) texture features were very sensitive to changes in Eucalyptus grandis LAI. The accuracy of combining the two was 10% higher than when they were not combined. Furthermore, it was found that the nonlinear methods (RF, BPNN, and SVR) outperformed the linear method (MSR), with the average Rmax2 of the nonlinear model being 26% higher than that of the linear model, and the RMSE value being 29% lower than that of the linear model. In addition, by analyzing different combinations of features, model hyperparameter fine-tuning, and splitting ratios in the nonlinear model, it was found that the splitting ratios of different combinations of model hyperparameters have a great impact on the accuracy of the model. A total of 12 out of 21 data sets showed high accuracy and stability at a split ratio of 8.5:1.5 (ratio of 0.85), with the best-performing RF model differing from the lowest by 91% for Rmax2 and 39% for Rstd2. Combining spectral and texture features provides highly accurate inversion data. Model hyper-parameter fine-tuning and segmental scale tuning can facilitate the application of inversion data to fully utilize the optimal performance of the ML model.
Impact of cooperative or competitive dynamics between the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and lactobacilli on the immune response of the host
Authors: Nenciarini Stefano , Rivero Damariz , Ciccione Alessia , Amoriello Roberta , Cerasuolo Benedetta , Pallecchi Marco , Bartolucci Gian Luca , Ballerini Clara , Cavalieri Duccio
Published: October 2024

Fungi and bacteria can be found coexisting in a wide variety of environments. The combination of their physical and molecular interactions can result in a broad range of outcomes for each partner, from competition to cooperative relationships. Most of these interactions can also be found in the human gastrointestinal tract. The gut microbiota is essential for humans, helping the assimilation of food components as well as the prevention of pathogen invasions through host immune system modulation and the production of beneficial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Several factors, including changes in diet habits due to the progressive Westernization of the lifestyle, are linked to the onset of dysbiosis statuses that impair the correct balance of the gut environment. It is therefore crucial to explore the interactions between commensal and diet-derived microorganisms and their influence on host health. Investigating these interactions through co-cultures between human- and fermented food-derived lactobacilli and yeasts led us to understand how the strains’ growth yield and their metabolic products rely on the nature and concentration of the species involved, producing either cooperative or competitive dynamics. Moreover, single cultures of yeasts and lactobacilli proved to be ideal candidates for developing immune-enhancing products, given their ability to induce trained immunity in blood-derived human monocytes in vitro. Conversely, co-cultures as well as mixtures of yeasts and lactobacilli have been shown to induce an anti-inflammatory response on the same immune cells in terms of cytokine profiles and activation surface markers, opening new possibilities in the design of probiotic and dietary therapies.
Bispecific antibody targets and therapies in multiple myeloma
Authors: Rees Matthew , Abdallah Nadine , Yohannan Binoy , Gonsalves Wilson I.
Published: October 2024

Recently, several bispecific antibodies (BsAbs) have been approved for the treatment of relapsed multiple myeloma (MM) after early phase trials in heavily pre-treated patients demonstrated high response rates and impressive progression-free survival with monotherapy. These BsAbs provide crucial treatment options for relapsed patients and challenging decisions for clinicians. Evidence on the optimal patient population, treatment sequence, and duration of these therapeutics is unknown and subject to active investigation. While rates of cytokine release syndrome and neurotoxicity appear to be lower with BsAbs than with CAR T-cells, morbidity from infection is high and novel pathways of treatment resistance arise from the longitudinal selection pressure of chronic BsAb therapy. Lastly, a wealth of novel T-cell engagers with unique antibody-structures and antigenic targets are under active investigation with promising early outcome data. In this review, we examine the mechanism of action, therapeutic targets, combinational approaches, sequencing and mechanisms of disease relapse for BsAbs in MM.
Study on the gut microbiota, HPA, and cytokine levels in infantile spasms
Authors: You Jiajia , Liu Li , Pan Xiongfeng , Wu Liwen , Tan Lihong , Zhou Changci , Fang Siwei , Xiao Zhenghui , Qiu Jun
Published: October 2024

Objective

The mechanisms driving the progression of infantile spasms are not well understood. We aimed to investigate the changes and correlations of the gut microbiota, the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis hormones, and the inflammatory cytokines in children with infantile spasms before and after treatment in order to provide a reference for future pathogenesis research.

Methods

Children with infantile spasms who were admitted to our hospital were recruited into the case group. The case group was divided into the pre-treatment group (group A, n = 14), the 2 weeks after treatment group (group B), and the 1 month after treatment group (group C). On the other hand, healthy children with the same sex ratio as the case group were recruited into the control group (group D, n = 14). Three stool and blood samples were collected before treatment, 2 weeks after treatment, and 1 month after treatment. The serum samples were analyzed using cytometric bead array (CBA), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and chemiluminescent immunoassay (CLIA) to measure the levels of HPA axis hormones and inflammatory cytokines. The collected stool samples were sequenced using 16S rDNA.

Results

The pre-treatment group demonstrated elevated levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-4, IL-6, and IL-17α, which decreased with treatment. The level of CRH was lower in the effective group than that in the ineffective group. Sutterellaceae was lower in the pre-treatment group than that in the control group. Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis was positively associated with CRH concentration (p < 0.05). After treatment, Sutterellaceae was negatively associated with IL-2 and TNF-α (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

This study found that imbalance of the gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of infantile spasms and is related to the response to adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). Lachnospiraceae and Lachnospiracea_incertae_sedis might be involved in the disease onset. Sutterellaceae might have a link to children’s improved health.
Deciphering Gorilla gorilla gorilla immunoglobulin loci in multiple genome assemblies and enrichment of IMGT resources
Authors: Debbagh Chahrazed , Folch Géraldine , Jabado-Michaloud Joumana , Giudicelli Véronique , Kossida Sofia
Published: October 2024

Through the analysis of immunoglobulin genes at the IGH, IGK, and IGL loci from four Gorilla gorilla gorilla genome assemblies, IMGT® provides an in-depth overview of these loci and their individual variations in a species closely related to humans. The similarity between gorilla and human IG gene organization allowed the assignment of gorilla IG gene names based on their human counterparts. This study revealed significant findings, including variability in the IGH locus, the presence of known and new copy number variations (CNVs), and the accurate estimation of IGHG genes. The IGK locus displayed remarkable homogeneity and lacked the gene duplication seen in humans, while the IGL locus showed a previously unconfirmed CNV in the J-C cluster. The curated data from these analyses, available on the IMGT website, enhance our understanding of gorilla immunogenetics and provide valuable insights into primate evolution.
Evolution strategies for collaborative governance of marine microplastic pollution from the industry-research integration perspective
Authors: Li Ruifa , Dong Yichong , Zhao Qi , Zheng Mingxing , Lu Xingyu
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Marine microplastics, are widely distributed in the global marine environment, posing a challenging issue that requires the joint efforts of global stakeholders.

Methods

To effectively address the issue of marine microplastic pollution (MMP) governance and analyze the dynamic changes in governance willingness of various participants under different scenarios, this paper meticulously constructs a game theory framework encompassing polluting enterprises, research institutions, and environmental organizations.

Results

(1) On the political level, the implementation of continuous and strong economic penalty mechanisms is an effective means to deter enterprises from evading MMP governance responsibilities. However, the effective execution of this strategy highly depends on the participation and supervision of environmental organizations. Therefore, it is essential to assign more roles and responsibilities to environmental organizations to ensure the thorough execution of governance measures. (2) On the technical level, the effectiveness of research directly determines the functional status of enterprises and research institutions in the MMP governance decision-making system. Weaker entities tend to make decisions following the behavioral preferences of dominant entities. Thus, deepening the integration of industry and research and fully unleashing the effectiveness of research outcomes in MMP governance is a key path to enhancing overall governance efficiency and effectiveness. (3) On the economic level, high governance costs often become a significant factor limiting the enthusiasm of all parties to participate. However, when innovative cooperation models achieve cost sharing and benefit sharing, the governance willingness of participants significantly increases. It is evident that optimizing resource allocation, improving the efficiency of fund utilization, and establishing a diversified and sustainable funding guarantee mechanism are crucial for advancing the in-depth progress of MMP governance.

Discussion

In summary, this study not only provides profound theoretical insights into the interaction relationships and behavioral choices of multiple stakeholders in MMP governance but also offers practical strategic recommendations for constructing an efficient and collaborative governance system.
High-resolution numerical modelling reveals tsunami risk hotspots in Xiamen City, China
Authors: Shi Xianwu , Dong Dibo , Ye Zuchao , Huang Junbao , Ying Chao , Li Xurui , Yan Yuhan , Ding Yiting
Published: October 2024

Tsunamis, generated by submarine earthquakes, landslides, or volcanic eruptions, are a significant hazard to coastal areas owing to their sudden onset and rapid propagation speed. Thus, tsunami disaster risk assessment is crucial to determine potential losses and severity of future tsunami impacts, providing essential support for disaster prevention and mitigation efforts. This study presents a case study of Xiamen City in Fujian province for developing a high-precision tsunami model. Utilizing nearshore water depth and digital elevation model data, we established a high-resolution tsunami numerical simulation model for Xiamen City that accounts for the impact of water overrunning levees and overshoals. Historical tsunami disaster records were used to validate the numerical model. By determining multiple tsunami source scenarios that could potentially affect the counties of Xiamen City, we simulated the inundation range and water depth distribution required for the potential maximum tsunami event. The simulation results facilitated a tsunami hazard assessment. Considering land use and important tsunami-affected exposures including industrial and chemical enterprises and ports, we evaluated the vulnerability of Xiamen City to tsunami disasters. Based on the determination of hazard and vulnerability levels, we investigated the risk distribution of tsunami disasters in Xiamen City. The results of this study lay the groundwork for developing methodologies to improve tsunami disaster risk assessment in coastal areas.
Evaluation of the vulnerability of Huanghe estuary coastal wetlands to marine oil spill stress
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Zhang Chunchang , Chen Xiao , Su Penghao
Published: October 2024

The Huanghe Estuary, which is characterized by dynamic hydrological and ecological processes, is highly susceptible to marine oil spills due to dense maritime traffic and extensive industrial activities. This study evaluated the vulnerability of estuarine wetlands in the Huanghe Estuary to oil spill stress using the Pressure-Situation-Sensitivity-Recovery (PSSR) framework. By employing the Geographic Information System (GIS) and the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), this study categorized the vulnerability index (0–1) into five classes: Very Low (0–0.098), Low (0.098–0.125), Medium (0.125-0.192), High (0.192–0.224), and Very High (0.224–1). The results indicate that the ships indicator has the highest weight, followed by oil rigs. In contrast, the number of chemical splash-proof suits and tugboats have the lowest weights. Wetland vulnerability under oil spill stress exhibited significant spatial variation, with higher vulnerability observed in areas closer to the coastline, such as the eastern part of Kenli County, the northern part of Wudi County, and the northern part of Hekou District. This study underscores the need for targeted measures and enhanced monitoring to mitigate the risks of large oil spills and protect the ecological integrity of the Huanghe Estuary. The findings presented herein provide critical information that will help policymakers and environmental managers implement effective conservation strategies and risk mitigation efforts in this ecologically sensitive and economically important region.
Enhancing material property prediction with ensemble deep graph convolutional networks
Authors: Rahman Chowdhury Mohammad Abid , Bhandari Ghadendra , Nasrabadi Nasser M. , Romero Aldo H. , Gyawali Prashnna K.
Published: October 2024

Machine learning (ML) models have emerged as powerful tools for accelerating materials discovery and design by enabling accurate predictions of properties from compositional and structural data. These capabilities are vital for developing advanced technologies across fields such as energy, electronics, and biomedicine, potentially reducing the time and resources needed for new material exploration and promoting rapid innovation cycles. Recent efforts have focused on employing advanced ML algorithms, including deep learning-based graph neural networks, for property prediction. Additionally, ensemble models have proven to enhance the generalizability and robustness of ML and Deep Learning (DL). However, the use of such ensemble strategies in deep graph networks for material property prediction remains underexplored. Our research provides an in-depth evaluation of ensemble strategies in deep learning-based graph neural network, specifically targeting material property prediction tasks. By testing the Crystal Graph Convolutional Neural Network (CGCNN) and its multitask version, MT-CGCNN, we demonstrated that ensemble techniques, especially prediction averaging, substantially improve precision beyond traditional metrics for key properties like formation energy per atom (ΔEf), band gap (Eg), density (ρ), equivalent reaction energy per atom (Erxn,atom), energy per atom (Eatom) and atomic density (ρatom) in 33,990 stable inorganic materials. These findings support the broader application of ensemble methods to enhance predictive accuracy in the field.
Potential differences in ephedrine requirements between left lateral and right lateral decubitus positions during neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean delivery
Authors: Wu Shanshan
Published: October 2024

The recent article by Wen et al., published in PLOS ONE, titled “Effects of neuraxial anesthesia in sitting and lateral positions on maternal hemodynamics in cesarean section: A systematic review and meta-analysis,” caught my attention. In their study, the authors observed the effects of neuraxial anesthesia in sitting and lateral positions on maternal hemodynamics during cesarean section. Given the anatomical differences between the left and right sides of the body, which could result in differences in maternal hemodynamics and vasopressor requirements during neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean delivery, I was intrigued by the idea of further dividing the lateral position data from Wen et al.'s study into three subgroups: “left lateral position,” “right lateral position,” and “not mentioned” (where the included original study did not mention the lateral position) for a subgroup analysis. It seems to be more rigorous, the subgroup analysis revealed that the usage rate of ephedrine support was 1.42 times higher for parturients in the right lateral position compared to those in the sitting position. This finding supports our recommendation to distinguish between left and right lateral decubitus positioning in neuraxial anesthesia for cesarean delivery. But in contrast, no significant difference was observed between the sitting and lateral positions in terms of the number of parturients requiring ephedrine in Wen et al.'s. Given the limited research on the right-lateral position and its hemodynamic effects, further studies are needed to explore its clinical applications. Future research should also focus on conducting larger trials with greater sample sizes to evaluate the long-term neonatal outcomes associated with varying maternal positions. Additionally, researchers should conduct subgroup analyses that separate the left- and right-lateral positions to provide clearer guidance for anesthesiologists.
Unraveling the role of HIF and epigenetic regulation in pulmonary arterial hypertension: implications for clinical research and its therapeutic approach
Authors: Mitra Ankita , Yi Dan , Dai Zhiyu , de Jesus Perez Vinicio
Published: October 2024

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is characterized by pulmonary vascular remodeling with high pulmonary pressure, which ultimately leads to right heart failure and premature death. Emerging evidence suggests that both hypoxia and epigenetics play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of PAH development. In this review article, we summarize the current developments in regulation of hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) isoforms in PAH vascular remodeling and the development of suitable animal models for discovery and testing of HIF pathway-targeting PAH therapeutics. In addition, we also discuss the epigenetic regulation of HIF-dependent isoforms in PAH and its therapeutic potential from a new perspective which highlights the importance of HIF isoform-specific targeting as a novel salutary strategy for PAH treatment.
Analysis and visualization of the effect of multiple sclerosis on biological brain age
Authors: Romme Catharina J. A. , Stanley Emma A. M. , Mouches Pauline , Wilms Matthias , Pike G. Bruce , Metz Luanne M. , Forkert Nils D.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The rate of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis (MS) is an important biomarker for disease progression but can be challenging to quantify. The brain age gap, which quantifies the difference between a patient's chronological and their estimated biological brain age, might be a valuable biomarker of neurodegeneration in patients with MS. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the value of an image-based prediction of the brain age gap using a deep learning model and compare brain age gap values between healthy individuals and patients with MS.

Methods

A multi-center dataset consisting of 5,294 T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of the brain from healthy individuals aged between 19 and 89 years was used to train a convolutional neural network (CNN) for biological brain age prediction. The trained model was then used to calculate the brain age gap in 195 patients with relapsing remitting MS (20–60 years). Additionally, saliency maps were generated for healthy subjects and patients with MS to identify brain regions that were deemed important for the brain age prediction task by the CNN.

Results

Overall, the application of the CNN revealed accelerated brain aging with a larger brain age gap for patients with MS with a mean of 6.98 ± 7.18 years in comparison to healthy test set subjects (0.23 ± 4.64 years). The brain age gap for MS patients was weakly to moderately correlated with age at disease onset (ρ = −0.299, p < 0.0001), EDSS score (ρ = 0.206, p = 0.004), disease duration (ρ = 0.162, p = 0.024), lesion volume (ρ = 0.630, p < 0.0001), and brain parenchymal fraction (ρ = −0.718, p < 0.0001). The saliency maps indicated significant differences in the lateral ventricle (p < 0.0001), insula (p < 0.0001), third ventricle (p < 0.0001), and fourth ventricle (p = 0.0001) in the right hemisphere. In the left hemisphere, the inferior lateral ventricle (p < 0.0001) and the third ventricle (p < 0.0001) showed significant differences. Furthermore, the Dice similarity coefficient showed the highest overlap of salient regions between the MS patients and the oldest healthy subjects, indicating that neurodegeneration is accelerated in this patient cohort.

Discussion

In conclusion, the results of this study show that the brain age gap is a valuable surrogate biomarker to measure disease progression in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Looks at what isn't there: eye movements on a blank screen when processing negation in a first and a second language
Authors: Vanek Norbert , Matić Škorić Ana , Košutar Sara , Matějka Štěpán , Stone Kate
Published: October 2024

Is negation more difficult to process than affirmation? If it is, does processing negation in a second language (L2) compound the difficulty compared to the first language (L1)? This article addresses the issues of difficulties in processing different types of negation in the L1 and L2 by looking at the differences in the ways in which comprehenders anticipate upcoming visual information during sentence processing. Using a blank-screen paradigm, we recorded eye fixations of Croatian native speakers and Croatian learners of English while they were anticipating matching or mismatching pictures to sentences with various types of negation in L1 (Croatian) and L2 (English). Using a between-group design, we manipulated sentence polarity (affirmative vs. negative), negation type (sentential vs. negative quantifier) within both L1 Croatian and L2 English so that we could observe potential anticipation effects varying as a function of the two predictors. In line with previous studies, affirmation in the L1 was easier to process than negation, and participants were able to anticipate sentence-picture matches in both the L1 and the L2 group. In contrast with our prediction, anticipatory looks did not significantly vary across negation types in Croatian based on the number of structural cues. In L2 English, learners exhibited prediction ability across negation types. These findings go against the view that comprehension in L2 comes with a reduced ability to generate expectations, and they highlight the robustness of mental simulations in both L1 and L2 negation processing.
In vitro testing of honey quality and biological functionality: underestimated elements in the clinical testing of honey
Authors: Majtan Juraj
Published: October 2024

Honey is an attractive functional food that often becomes a subject of clinical studies on the treatment of diverse diseases. However, the clinical efficacy of honey is rather controversial due, at least in part, to its variable composition and botanical origin as well as thermal processing or improper storage conditions. This review addresses the importance of honey quality standards and in vitro testing of the biological properties of honey prior to performing clinical studies, which can have a great impact on clinical outcomes. It focused on recently performed meta-analyses and systematic reviews where honey was used in the management of various disorders including respiratory tract infections, and metabolic and cardiometabolic diseases, with the goal of characterising the honeys used in clinical studies. In addition, it provides recommendations for the use and storage of honey for clinical testing. The vast majority of clinical studies included in meta-analyses do not provide any information about honey quality parameters. In fact, indicators of thermal damage or prolonged storage of honey were analysed only in one clinical study. This observation highlights on the alarming status of honey quality in clinical studies. Furthermore, in vitro biological properties of the analysed honeys were assessed in two clinical studies. Therefore, this review strongly advocates the clinical use of only fully characterised honey samples of known botanical origin with proven in vitro biological functionality and no or minimal thermal processing.