bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vosandtúin the linguistic landscape
Authors: Weyers Joseph R.
Published: July 2021

Althoughvosis common in speech in Medellín, it is considered non-prestigious for writing (Agudelo Montoya et al. 2016). Nonetheless,vosis an important marker of local identity (Jang 2013) that increasingly appears in writing (Weyers 2016a). Its presence suggests a potential upward shift in its prestige. For that to happen, favorable attitudes toward its use in writing are called for. Here we examine the linguistic attitudes of 222medellinensestowardvos,tú, and their corresponding verb forms in advertising. We find that (1) all speakers prefervos; (2) they favor the pronounvosover its corresponding verb forms; (3) younger speakers prefervosover their older counterparts; and (4) men prefervoseoverb forms while women prefertuteoforms. Given the overall positive attitudes towardvos, it is possible that its prestige will increase.
Contextual Challenges in Police-Assisted Substance use Referral Programs: Impact of COVID-19 and Black Lives Matter Movement
Authors: Liu Jessica , Heckel Emily , Coroiu Adina , Rees Vaughan W.
Published: July 2021

Background: Police assisted referral (PAR) programs provide people with substance use disorders (SUD) with a non-arrest treatment pathway, yet systemic barriers, including stigma and access to treatment services, may limit engagement. We sought to understand how the dual contextual challenges of COVID-19 and the Black Lives Matter movement have impacted PAR programs. Methods: Participants completed semi-structured interviews between July and September 2020. Transcribed interviews were analyzed qualitatively to extract emergent codes and themes. Results: Key themes included: adoption and reach of adapted remote services, and barriers to access; and questions on the role of police as health service providers, including police embeddedness in the community. COVID-related social distancing demands undermined police engagement with people with SUD. Treatment providers and advocates reported moderate success in utilizing remote interventions as workarounds. While participants acknowledged the Black Lives Matter movement's criticism of police, many saw continued value in police involvement in substance use interventions, due to their accessibility in communities and capacity for rapid response. Conclusions: PAR programs quickly adapted to a largely remote format, increasing longer-term accessibility. While Black Lives Matter had little direct impact on PAR programs, concerns about police-community relations were acknowledged. Recommendations include further police training to enhance trust and reduce stigma, and wider integration of digitally-based substance use referral options.
Improved mechanical properties of laser-arc hybrid welded Al/steel dissimilar butt-joint through beam oscillation
Authors: Meng Yunfei , Jiang Laihege , Cen Ling , Gao Ming
Published: July 2021

Al/steel butt-joints are hard to be fusion welded because of the easily formed and unevenly distributed brittle intermetallic compounds (IMCs) at the interface. Laser-arc hybrid welding was used to suppress the IMCs formation and improve its uniformity through beam oscillation. The weld defects of uneven formation and lack of fusion were suppressed at optimised frequency of 150 Hz. Furthermore, the interface was transferred from an uneven two-layer IMCs (≥ 3.8 µm), including Al5Fe2 and Al13Fe4, to a uniform single-layer Al5Fe2 (≤ 1.4 µm). Owing to these changes, not only the tensile property was increased by 65% compared to non-oscillating weld, but also the bending property that hardly reported in most studies was enhanced by 96%.
PDGF-D activation by macrophage-derived uPA promotes AngII-induced cardiac remodeling in obese mice
Authors: Cheng Yu-Wen , Zhang Ze-Bei , Lan Bei-Di , Lin Jing-Rong , Chen Xiao-Hui , Kong Ling-Ran , Xu Lian , Ruan Cheng-Chao , Gao Ping-Jin
Published: July 2021

Obesity-induced secretory disorder of adipose tissue–derived factors is important for cardiac damage. However, whether platelet-derived growth factor-D (PDGF-D), a newly identified adipokine, regulates cardiac remodeling in angiotensin II (AngII)–infused obese mice is unclear. Here, we found obesity induced PDGF-D expression in adipose tissue as well as more severe cardiac remodeling compared with control lean mice after AngII infusion. Adipocyte-specific PDGF-D knockout attenuated hypertensive cardiac remodeling in obese mice. Consistently, adipocyte-specific PDGF-D overexpression transgenic mice (PA-Tg) showed exacerbated cardiac remodeling after AngII infusion without high-fat diet treatment. Mechanistic studies indicated that AngII-stimulated macrophages produce urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) that activates PDGF-D by splicing full-length PDGF-D into the active PDGF-DD. Moreover, bone marrow–specific uPA knockdown decreased active PDGF-DD levels in the heart and improved cardiac remodeling in HFD hypertensive mice. Together, our data provide for the first time a new interaction pattern between macrophage and adipocyte: that macrophage-derived uPA activates adipocyte-secreted PDGF-D, which finally accelerates AngII-induced cardiac remodeling in obese mice.
Joint analysis of anisotropic power spectrum, bispectrum and trispectrum: application to N-body simulations
Authors: Gualdi Davide , Gil-Marín Héctor , Verde Licia
Published: July 2021

We perform for the first time a joint analysis of the
monopole and quadrupoles for power spectrum, bispectrum and
integrated trispectrum (i-trispectrum) from the redshift space
matter field in N-body simulations. With a full Markov Chain Monte
Carlo exploration of the posterior distribution, we quantify the
constraints on cosmological parameters for an object density of
n
p = 5 × 10-4 (h Mpc-1)3, redshift z = 0.5,
and a covariance corresponding to a survey volume of V
survey = 25 (h
-1Gpc)3, a set up which is representative of
forthcoming galaxy redshift surveys. We demonstrate the
complementarity of the bispectrum and i-trispectrum in constraining
key cosmological parameters. In particular, compared to the
state-of-the-art power spectrum (monopole plus quadrupole) and
bispectrum (monopole) analyses, we find 1D 68% credible regions
smaller by a factor of (72%,78%,72%,47%,46%) for the
parameters (f,σ8,f
nl,α∥,α⊥)
respectively. This work motivates the additional effort necessary to
include the redshift-space anisotropic signal of higher-order
statistics in the analysis and interpretation of ongoing and future
galaxy surveys.
Chempl: a playable package for modeling interstellar chemistry
Authors: Du Fujun
Published: July 2021

Astrochemical modeling is needed for understanding the formation and evolution of interstellar molecules, and for extracting physical information from spectroscopic observations of interstellar clouds. The modeling usually involves the handling of a chemical reaction network and solution of a set of coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which is traditionally done using code written in compiled languages such as Fortran or C/C++. While being computationally efficient, there is room for improvement in the ease of use and interactivity for such an approach. In this work we present a new public code named CHEMPL, which emphasizes interactivity in a modern Python environment, while remaining computationally efficient. Common reaction mechanisms and a three-phase formulation of gas-grain chemistry are implemented by default. It is straightforward to run 0D models with CHEMPL, and only a small amount of additional code is needed to construct 1D or higher-dimensional chemical models. We demonstrate its usage with a few astrochemically relevant examples.
Spatio-temporal equalization multi-window algorithm for asynchronous SSVEP-based BCI
Authors: Yang Chen , Yan Xinyi , Wang Yijun , Chen Yonghao , Zhang Hongxin , Gao Xiaorong
Published: July 2021

Objective. Asynchronous brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) show significant advantages in many practical application scenarios. Compared with the rapid development of synchronous BCIs technology, the progress of asynchronous BCI research, in terms of containing multiple targets and training-free detection, is still relatively slow. In order to improve the practicability of the BCI, a spatio-temporal equalization multi-window algorithm (STE-MW) was proposed for asynchronous detection of steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) without the need for acquiring calibration data. Approach. The algorithm used SIE strategy to intercept EEG signals of different lengths through multiple stacked time windows and statistical decisions-making based on Bayesian risk decision-making. Different from the traditional asynchronous algorithms based on the ‘non-control state detection’ methods, this algorithm was based on the ‘statistical inspection-rejection decision’ mode and did not require a separate classification of non-control states, so it can be effectively applied to detections for large-scale candidates. Main results. Online experimental results involving 14 healthy subjects showed that, in the continuously input experiments of 40 targets, the algorithm achieved the average recognition accuracy of

97.2
±
2.6
%

and the average information transfer rate (ITR) of

106.3
±
32.0

 bits

mi

n

−

1

. At the same time, the average false alarm rate in the 240 s resting state test was

0.607
±
0.602

 mi

n

−
1

. In the free spelling experiments involving patients with severe amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, the subjects achieved an accuracy of 92.7% and an average ITR of 43.65 bits min−1 in two free spelling experiments. Significance. This algorithm can achieve high-performance, high-precision, and asynchronous detection of SSVEP signals with low algorithm complexity and false alarm rate under multi-targets and training-free conditions, which is helpful for the development of asynchronous BCI systems.
Quadratic relations of the deformed W-superalgebra

Wq,tA(M,N)
Authors: Kojima Takeo
Published: July 2021

We find the free field construction of the basic W-current and screening currents for the deformed W-superalgebra

W

q
,
t

A

(

M
,
N

)

associated with Lie superalgebra of type A(M, N). Using this free field construction, we introduce the higher W-currents and obtain a closed set of quadratic relations among them. These relations are independent of the choice of Dynkin diagrams for the Lie superalgebra A(M, N), though the screening currents are not. This allows us to define

W

q
,
t

A

(

M
,
N

)

by generators and relations.
Density and characteristic of bioturbation of Uca spp at Tanjung Tiram mangrove ecosystem in Poka village, District of Ambon Bay
Authors: Siahainenia Laura
Published: July 2021

Mangrove ecosystem provides high ecological contribution to various biological resources including fiddler crab,Ucaspp in its ecological and economic role in the ecosystem. The study held in September to October 2020 to analyze species composition, density and characteristic of bioturbation (color, substrate structure and the shape). The study was conducted at 3 station using purposive sampling method. The stations are determined based on the characteristic of the fiddler crabs habitats (living status, the vegetation of mangrove, substrate tipes and utilization level). Three species of fiddler crabs are found in the study namelyUca perpelexa, U. lactea, and U. mjoebergi.The highest density is represented byU. perpelexa.The highest density of fiddler crab is found in station 2 with various habitats characteristics. The color of the bioturbation are different in every station considering the substrate structure. Substrate fraction is dominated by sand in various catagories in every station especially on its roughness (rough, medium and soft). Five shapes of bioturbation are found by the study considering the various percentage of total and the various of inhabitant species in every station. The bioturbations are influenced morfologicaly by substrate structure and the existing rooting of the mangrove vegetation.
Energy analysis of heat recovery plants
Authors: Faiziev T A , Muradov I , Ruzikulov G Yu , Ernafasov S
Published: July 2021

This article discusses one of the most typical heat-using processes - the drying process. The selection and assessment of drying units is carried out according to various parameters, however, the clearest idea of the suitability of the dryer for drying material with known properties and its energy characteristics is given by the analysis of the dryer operation, based on the heat technology principles of the design of the technological process under which a characteristic set is taken thermal, hydrodynamic, constructive and other conditions for organizing the technological process of drying materials. Comparison of the energy efficiency of a number of dryers, carried out according to the described technique, taking into account the costs of creating and maintaining the required hydrodynamic conditions in the working chamber of the drying apparatus, referred to the unit volume of the chamber, taking into account the separation of the dried material and cleaning the spent heat carrier.
Increasing the energy efficiency of combined heat power plants by reducing the temperature of the additional feed water of power boilers
Authors: Orlov M E , Abuleyev A D , Lytyakov E S
Published: July 2021

The article discusses a fundamentally new technology for increasing the specific generation of electricity based on thermal consumption, and also calculates the effectiveness of the proposed solution. The main distinguishing feature of this solution is a decrease in the temperature of the additional feed water of the boilers of thermal power plants. As a result, a method was developed to increase the specific power generation based on heat consumption by reducing the temperature of the additional feed water of power boilers. The authors have developed a technical solution for the use of gas entering the burners to cool additional feed water through a heat exchanger-cooler; a study of the economic and energy efficiency of the proposed technical solution has been carried out.
On the correctness of calculating the Fill Factor of the solar module
Authors: Kanareykin Aleksandr Ivanovich
Published: July 2021

The work is devoted to the use of solar energy. The analysis of the problem of choosing solar panels according to their technical characteristics is carried out. It is shown that the key parameters for evaluating the efficiency of solar cells and photovoltaic cells are not so much the efficiency factor, but the fill factor. The article provides a refined formula for calculating the fill factor.
Rational use of energy potential and reduction of the negative impact on the soil of agricultural tractor propellers using instrumental control of slipping
Authors: Ivanov A B , Fedorenko V F , Tarkivsky V E , Petukhov D A
Published: July 2021

The article provides a theoretical analysis of the possibility of using single-frequency GNSS receivers to determine the slipping of agricultural tractors in order to assess the compliance of the weight characteristics of the tractor with the specific conditions of the work performed and more rational use of its energy potential, as well as reduce the negative impact of the propellers on the soil.
Effects of the flotation reagent of potassium butyl xanthate and oil on Lemna minor when present together in an aquatic environment
Authors: Saksonov M N , Ilyin G D , Stom A D , Zhdanova G O , Mataevskaya A V , Tolstoy M Yu
Published: July 2021

The influence of the flotation reagent – potassium butyl xanthate and oil on the aquatic plant duckweed (Lemna minor) was studied. Determined the isolated effect of these compounds in the concentration range of 10.0 – 1000.0 mg / l on the increase in the number of duckweed fronds. Concentrations causing inhibition of test functions by 25%, 50% and 75% relative to control were calculated. A complete two-factor experiment was carried out with the combined action of potassium butyl xanthate and oil. Based on the results of the experiment, a regression equation is presented. The action of the studied compounds is interdependent; the contribution to toxicity under the combined action of potassium butyl xanthate is much higher than that of oil. The nature of the combined toxic effect of these compounds is less than additive.
Influence of operating conditions on the main characteristics of a cobalt Fischer-Tropsch catalyst
Authors: Yakovenko R E , Savost’yanov A P , Chistyakova N S , Bakun V G , Sulima S I
Published: July 2021

Three stages of extraction of the contents of the porous space of cobalt catalysts, continuously operating for different periods of time (Time on stream (TOS) is from 40 to 800 h) in a Fischer-Tropsch fixed bed reactor, were performed to identify carbon-containing compounds using chromatographic analysis. At each stage of extraction, the surface of the samples under study was investigated by SEM and BET methods. It was determined that during operation, as a result of accumulation of linear alkanes in the pores of the catalyst with an average number of carbon atoms from 20 to 25 and a decrease in the specific surface area, the reaction rate reduces by 25-30 %. With the help of oxidative treatment, it was found that elemental carbon is contained in the porous space of the spent catalysts.
Automatic mass meter, increasing the accuracy of calculating the gross weight of oil in vertical steel tanks
Authors: Zemlerub L E , Mashkova A V , Yaroslavkina E E
Published: July 2021

Improving the efficiency of operation of trunk pipelines. However, to assess the activities carried out, accurate and reliable information about the amount of the pumped and stored product is required. Existing methods for measuring the amount of liquid and methods of using capacity measures lead to large errors in calculations. Measurement and tampering with the turnover reporting process depends on the “human factor” and the prerequisites for introducing measurement and tampering into the turnover reporting process. In operation, an automatic system for measuring pressure and temperature by product layers based on the hydrostatic principle of operation, which allows calculating the gross mass of oil. Also, the paper analyzes methods for increasing the accuracy of calibration tables obtained in the process of tank calibration. The proposed system improves the measurement accuracy, productivity and operational efficiency of tank farms.
Dynamics of self-regeneration of the vegetation cover of coal deposits of Republic of Tyva (Russia)
Authors: Sambuu A D , Ajunova O D , Dapyldie A B
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the characteristic feature of the dynamics of self-restoration of vegetation cover on the dumps of the Chadan coal mine of the Republic of Tyva. The initial zonal vegetation is dry-steppe. Currently, there is a high proportion of weed species in the herbage, the presence of trees, willows and a solid carpet of lower plants (green moss), which is not typical for dry steppes. Even after 40 years of restoration of vegetation on coal dumps, the species composition, dominant structure, and ecological groups of plants have not yet been formed. In general, the long-term dynamics of self-restoration of vegetation cover in the area of the coal mine is characterized by some xerophytization of vegetation.
Digital transformation of geo-information support for large gas projects in Arctic
Authors: Abramov V M , Burlov V G , Shevchuk O I , Shilin M B , Chusov A N
Published: July 2021

Article present digital transformation results of geo-information support for large gas projects in Arctic within Industry 4.0 era under climate change and COVID-19. In study, there are used Foresight technologies, theory of decision making under uncertainties, risk management approach, methods of databases constructing in case of digital risk management platforms. Currently, the ways of geo-information support for large arctic gas projects have distinct features of digitalization with new concepts in data obtaining and presenting. In paper, preference is given to the use of digital risk management platforms, which integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources with the use of web-technologies in distributed networks and wide application of cloud services. There is considered examples of different digital natural risk management platforms for large arctic gas projects. The presented research results have significant scientific noveltyδ can be used in training and educational purposes and can be useful for private investors, public environmental organizations of the civil sector and state environmental control bodies.
The main directions of development of the fuel and energy complex at the regional level
Authors: Ermakova A M
Published: July 2021

The article deals with the current activity of the fuel and energy complex in the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous District. The most important strategic projects that are planned for implementation in the near future are described. The author identifies certain risks that can affect the effective operation of enterprises, but thanks to the organization of work on the basis of successful cooperation, which is carried out in the region, it is possible to achieve stable economic growth in the coming years.
Digitalization of icebreaker support for fuel-energy resources transportation via Arctic and Subarctic
Authors: Abramov V M , Shevchuk O I , Burlov V G , Shilin M B , Chusov A N
Published: July 2021

Paper describes digitalization development results of icebreaker support for fuel-energy resources transportation via Arctic and Subarctic within Industry 4.0 era under climate change and COVID-19. In study, there are used theory of decision making under uncertainties, risk management approach, Foresight technologies, methods of databases constructing in case of digital risk management platforms. In research, preference is given to the use of geo-information digital online platforms, which integrate heterogeneous hardware and software resources with the use of web-technologies in distributed networks and wide application of cloud services. There is considered examples of chosen platforms using for icebreaker support of fuel-energy resources transportation via Arctic and Subarctic within Industry 4.0 era under climate change and COVID-19. The presented research results have significant scientific novelty and can be useful for state environmental control bodies, commercial organizations and private investors.
Enterprises of the fuel and energy complex - the sphere of high risks and objects of increased industrial danger
Authors: Oznobikhina L A , Pirunova E V
Published: July 2021

Given the rapid development of scientific and technological progress, mankind faced a difficult task - the protection of the most important components of the environment (earth, water, air), subject to severe pollution by man-made waste and emissions, which leads to soil and water oxidation, destruction of the ozone layer of the earth and climatic changes … The industrial policy of the whole world has led to such irreversible and significant changes in the environment that this issue (environmental protection at the enterprise) has become, a global problem of the modern world, is important and urgent. The fuel and energy complex is of great regional importance, it creates the preconditions for the development of fuel-intensive industries and serves as the basis for the formation of industrial complexes, including electric power, petrochemical, coal chemical, and gas industry.
Landscape differentiation of the territory of the Sergachsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region (Russia)
Authors: Astashin A E , Vatina O E , Pashkin O N , Badin M M , Piyashova S N
Published: July 2021

The territory of the Sergachsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region is located in the north of the forest-steppe zone, at the northern extremity of the Privolzhskaya Upland. Due to favorable agroclimatic conditions, the researched territory is characterized by a high degree of anthropogenic transformation of landscapes, mainly involved in agriculture. Areas of broad-leaved forests have been preserved mainly in places, that are inconvenient for plowing – on the steep slopes of river valleys and in ravines. Flat watersheds and sloping slopes have been plowing for several centuries. Thus, the landscape features of the territory traditionally determined the type of economic activity and its territorial boundaries, but often land use planning was carried out on an intuitive level, based on the experience of life in the landscape, but not on a systematic account of the specifics of its components. The long-standing and intensive economic pressure has led to a reduction in forest cover, a decrease in biodiversity, the development of erosion processes, and the degradation of soil cover. Further development of the economy in the researched area requires the adoption of well-thought-out decisions, based on the results of geosystem analysis. During solving problems of territorial planning, nature management, implementation of environmental protection measures, the most effective is the use of a landscape approach. However, until the present, the scheme of landscape differentiation of the territory of the Sergachsky district at the hierarchical level of landscapes has not been developed. The article presents the results of landscape zoning of the territory of the Sergachsky district of the Nizhny Novgorod region, performed on the basis of field research, analysis of maps, literature sources and remote sensing data processed using GIS. The presented results are the basis for making management decisions in the researched area.
General and regional landslide study: problems and tasks
Authors: Nikonorova I V , Petrov N F , Gumenyuk A E , Ilyin V N , Vishnevskaya M P
Published: July 2021

Most of the well known problems of landslide study are revised and summarized. Various schemes of the basic signs for the landslide classifications (natural, auxiliary and regional) are illustrated and mentioned. Theoretical problems of the landslide terminology, taxonomy and nomenclature, including their mechanisms, process and structural parts, as well as a general scientific definition of the landslide concepts, are discussed. The report reflects the authors view on the object and subject of landslide study.
Changes in the Structure of Forest Communities in Penza Region under the Influence of Natural Factors
Authors: Volodkin A A , Larionov M V , Sharunov O A
Published: July 2021

This article presents the factors influencing the formation and viability of woody vegetation in the forests of Penza region, located at the border of broad-leaved forests zone (north-eastern part) and forest-steppe (west-ern half and south-eastern part). According to the results of the National Ecological Rating of Regions, Penza region ranked 28th out of 85 Russian regions where environmental pollution is monitored. The total land area of forests is 999.3 thousand hectares, or 23.0% of the total land area of Penza region. Operational forests occupy 413.1 thousand hectares or 45.1% of the total area of land area of forest fund. Protective forests occupy 502,100 ha or 54,9% of total area of lands of forest reserve. Coniferous (pine, spruce), soft-leaved (birch, aspen, linden, alder, willow, poplar) and hardleaved (oak, ash, maple, elm) forest plantations grow on the territory of Penza region. The predominant and main tree species are Pínus sylvestris, Quercus robur, Betula pendula, Populus tremula, Tília cordata and Fraxinus excelsior. Every year, the region’s forests are affected by abiotic, biotic and anthropogenic factors. As a result of these processes there is a weakening of trees and their increased retreat in the plantation. Among the range of negative impacts on the condition of the region forests the first place is occu-pied by forest diseases (68,9% of the total area of all the negative factors), the second place - by weather condi-tions and soil and climatic factors (22,2%), the third - by forest fires (7,7%). In general, the condition of forests in Penza region is satisfactory. The most important task of forestry is to increase the productivity and quality of forests.
Energy Harvesting from Vibration of Structures-A Brief Review
Authors: Odetoyan A. O , Ede A. N.
Published: July 2021

The shortage and high cost of energy in developing countries of the world has led to the search for other sources of electricity which are renewable and do not constitute to environmental hazards or pollution like fossil fuel. Also, the short life span of batteries which are used to power up important smart devices like the fire alarm makes searching for alternative sources all the more important. This has led to the recent interest in sustainable and renewable energy sources from water, sun, vibration, biological wastes etc. Harnessing energy from vibration amongst other renewable energy sources reduces fatigues in machineries, structures and control systems and effectively dissipates negative vibration energy from buildings, bridges, roads and various mechanical systems. This research paper provides a brief review on the current state of knowledge on the subject of harvesting energy from vibration. The review shows that harnessing renewable energy form vibration is feasible and has a great future.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Cumulative Incidence, United States, August 2020–December 2020
Authors: Sullivan Patrick Sean , Siegler Aaron J , Shioda Kayoko , Hall Eric W , Bradley Heather , Sanchez Travis , Luisi Nicole , Valentine-Graves Mariah , Nelson Kristin N , Fahimi Mansour , Kamali Amanda , Sailey Charles , Lopman Benjamin A
Published: July 2021

Background

Reported coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases underestimate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections. We conducted a national probability survey of US households to estimate cumulative incidence adjusted for antibody waning.

Methods

From August–December 2020 a random sample of US addresses were mailed a survey and self-collected nasal swabs and dried blood spot cards. One adult household member completed the survey and mail specimens for viral detection and total (immunoglobulin [Ig] A, IgM, IgG) nucleocapsid antibody by a commercial, emergency use authorization–approved antigen capture assay. We estimated cumulative incidence of SARS-CoV-2 adjusted for waning antibodies and calculated reported fraction (RF) and infection fatality ratio (IFR). Differences in seropositivity among demographic, geographic, and clinical subgroups were explored.

Results

Among 39 500 sampled households, 4654 respondents provided responses. Cumulative incidence adjusted for waning was 11.9% (95% credible interval [CrI], 10.5%–13.5%) as of 30 October 2020. We estimated 30 332 842 (CrI, 26 703 753–34 335 338) total infections in the US adult population by 30 October 2020. RF was 22.3% and IFR was 0.85% among adults. Black non-Hispanics (Prevalence ratio (PR) 2.2) and Hispanics (PR, 3.1) were more likely than White non-Hispanics to be seropositive.

Conclusions

One in 8 US adults had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 by October 2020; however, few had been accounted for in public health reporting. The COVID-19 pandemic is likely substantially underestimated by reported cases. Disparities in COVID-19 by race observed among reported cases cannot be attributed to differential diagnosis or reporting of infections in population subgroups.
Poroelastic model in a vertically sealed gas storage: a case study from cyclic injection/production in a carbonate aquifer
Authors: Silverii F , Maccaferri F , Richter G , Gonzalez Cansado B , Wang R , Hainzl S , Dahm T
Published: July 2021

Natural gas can be temporarily stored in a variety of underground facilities, such as depleted gas and oil fields, natural aquifers and caverns in salt rocks. Being extensively monitored during operations, these systems provide a favourable opportunity to investigate how pressure varies in time and space and possibly induces/triggers earthquakes on nearby faults. Elaborate and detailed numerical modelling techniques are often applied to study gas reservoirs. Here we show the possibilities and discuss the limitations of a flexible and easily formulated tool that can be straightforwardly applied to simulate temporal pore-pressure variations and study the relation with recorded microseismic events. We use the software POEL (POroELastic diffusion and deformation) which computes the poroelastic response to fluid injection/extraction in a horizontally layered poroelastic structure. We further develop its application to address the presence of vertical impermeable faults bounding the reservoir and of multiple injection/extraction sources. Exploiting available information on the reservoir geometry and physical parameters, and records of injection/extraction rates for a gas reservoir in southern Europe, we perform an extensive parametric study considering different model configurations. Comparing modelled spatiotemporal pore-pressure variations with in situ measurements, we show that the inclusion of vertical impermeable faults provides an improvement in reproducing the observations and results in pore-pressure accumulation near the faults and in a variation of the temporal pore-pressure diffusion pattern. To study the relation between gas storage activity and recorded local microseismicity, we applied different seismicity models based on the estimated pore-pressure distribution. This analysis helps to understand the spatial distribution of seismicity and its temporal modulation. The results show that the observed microseismicity could be partly linked to the storage activity, but the contribution of tectonic background seismicity cannot be excluded.
Family characteristics of female-headed households in Pakistan in the context of health promotion
Authors: Siddiqui Saad , Bergquist Eleanor Peters
Published: July 2021

Objective of this project is to describe characteristics of Pakistani women household heads and investigate effect differences with men in the context of health behavior. We used 2012 − 13 Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey data to conduct secondary data analysis of 10 868 households. In this article, methods that we described household head and household characteristics, and polio vaccination compliance as a proxy for health behavior. Univariate analysis was conducted to assess the relationship of household head gender with household characteristics and health behavior, first for the whole sample and then for currently married household heads. Significant relationships were entered in two multivariate logistic models. Results show that all demographic covariates were statistically significant (p < 0.05) except employment status. Adjusted associations were significant for age, marital status, wealth and ethnicity (p < 0.05). Polio compliance score was significantly higher for households headed by currently married men compared with currently married women, when adjusted for covariates and concluded certain household and head characteristic associations with gender suggest a greater likelihood of female-headed households, while male-headed households were associated with better polio vaccine compliance. Further research is needed with more complex health behavior composites to assess any relationship between gender and health behavior.
The role of spatial distribution for growth and survival of juvenile cod Gadus morhua in the Barents Sea
Authors: Durant Joël M , Yaragina Natalia , Stige Leif Christian
Published: July 2021

While the importance of early life survival and growth variations for population dynamics is well documented, there is still a relatively limited understanding of how survival and growth is affected by the species’ spatial distribution. Using Barents Sea spatial bottom survey data (1994–2018), we study the spatiotemporal variability of the juvenile Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) growth and survival. We used indices of the spatial distribution of juvenile cod at age-1 to study the role of distribution for the change in abundance and mean body size through their second winter of life (from age-1 to age-2). Over the 24 years analysed, we found that the location where the age-1 cod are in the Barents Sea matters for their growth and survival. We found that year-classes growing up in the western Barents Sea have higher mortality but faster growth than year-classes distributed farther east. Our results indicate that the biotic and abiotic conditions encountered at the settlement location may influence the spatial survival and growth of age-1 cod and subsequently the population dynamics. Our results underscore the importance of distribution for survival and growth early in life and by providing this essential information has implications for stock assessment and spatial fisheries management.
Associations of heat and cold with hospitalizations and post-discharge deaths due to acute myocardial infarction: what is the role of pre-existing diabetes?
Authors: Xu Zhiwei , Tong Shilu , Ho Hung Chak , Lin Hualiang , Pan Haifeng , Cheng Jian
Published: July 2021

Background

The existing evidence suggests that pre-existing diabetes may modify the association between heat and hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

Methods

This study included patients who were hospitalized for AMI from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2013 in Brisbane, Australia, and also included those who died within 2 months after discharge. A time-stratified case-crossover design with conditional logistic regression was used to quantify the associations of heat and cold with hospitalizations and post-discharge deaths due to AMI in patients with and without pre-existing diabetes. Stratified analyses were conducted to explore whether age, sex and suburb-level green space and suburb-level socio-economic status modified the temperature–AMI relationship. Heat and cold were defined as the temperature above/below which the odds of hospitalizations/deaths due to AMI started to increase significantly.

Results

There were 14 991 hospitalizations for AMI and 1811 died from AMI within 2 months after discharge during the study period. Significant association between heat and hospitalizations for AMI was observed only in those with pre-existing diabetes (odds ratio: 1.19, 95% confidence interval: 1.00–1.41) [heat (26.3°C) vs minimum morbidity temperature (22.2°C)]. Cold was associated with increased odds of hospitalizations for AMI in both diabetes and non-diabetes groups. Significant association between cold and post-discharge deaths from AMI was observed in both diabetes and non-diabetes groups.

Conclusions

Individuals with diabetes are more susceptible to hospitalizations due to AMI caused by heat and cold.
Projective Covers of Flat Contramodules
Authors: Bazzoni Silvana , Positselski Leonid , Šťovíček Jan
Published: July 2021

We show that a direct limit of projective contramodules (over a right linear topological ring) is projective if it has a projective cover. A similar result is obtained for $\infty $-strictly flat contramodules of projective dimension not exceeding $1$, using an argument based on the notion of the topological Jacobson radical. Covers and precovers of direct limits of more general classes of objects, both in abelian categories with exact and with nonexact direct limits, are also discussed, with an eye towards the Enochs conjecture about covers and direct limits, using locally split (mono)morphisms as the main technique. In particular, we offer a simple elementary proof of the Enochs conjecture for the left class of an $n$-tilting cotorsion pair in an abelian category with exact direct limits.
Digital disparities: lessons learned from a patient reported outcomes program during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Sisodia Rachel C , Rodriguez Jorge A , Sequist Thomas D
Published: July 2021

The collection of patient reported outcomes (PROs) allows us to incorporate the patient’s voice into their care in a quantifiable, validated manner. Large-scale collection of PROs is facilitated by the electronic health record and its portal, though, historically, patients have eschewed the portal and completed patient-reported outcome measures in the clinic via tablet. Furthermore, access and use of the portal is associated with known racial inequities. Our institution oversees the largest clinical PRO program in the world, and has a long history of racially equitable PRO completion rates via tablet. However, when the COVID-19 pandemic forced us to remove tablets from clinics and rely exclusively on portal use for PRO completion, profound racial disparities resulted immediately. Our experience quantifiably demonstrates the magnitude of inequity that the portal, in its current configuration, generates and serves as a cautionary tale to other health care systems and electronic health records.
Protecting research data of publicly revealing participants
Authors: McKibbin Kyle J , Malin Bradley A , Clayton Ellen Wright
Published: July 2021

Biomedical researchers collect large amounts of personal data about individuals, which are frequently shared with repositories and an array of users. Typically, research data holders implement measures to protect participants’ identities and unique attributes from unauthorized disclosure. These measures, however, can be less effective if people disclose their participation in a research study, which they may do for many reasons. Even so, the people who provide these data for research often understandably expect that their privacy will be protected. We discuss the particular challenges posed by self-disclosure and identify various steps that researchers should take to protect data in these cases to protect both the individuals and the research enterprise.
Calibrated Multilevel Regression with Poststratification for the Analysis of Sms Survey Data
Authors: Gellar Jonathan , Delannoy Constance , Lipman Erin , Jeoffreys-Leach Shirley , Berkowitz Bobby , Robertson Grant J , Hughes Sarah M
Published: July 2021

Face-to-face (FTF) surveys have been the traditional method to gather nationally representative data and remain the dominant data collection mode in resource-poor countries. Conducting these surveys is expensive and time consuming. With the rapid expansion of mobile phone use, Short Message Service presents an opportunity to conduct inexpensive, fast, and scalable surveys. However, these samples are typically not representative of the target population. Standard adjustments to correct for nonrepresentative sampling are insufficient, due to two types of bias: residual sampling bias based on unobserved variables and survey mode effects. We introduce calibrated multilevel regression with poststratification (cMRP), a procedure that corrects for residual bias by incorporating a relatively small sample of FTF data that is known to be unbiased. We apply this method to the problem of estimating financial inclusion (access to formal banking systems) in Uganda. We find that our cMRP approach is effective in replicating estimates from a larger and much more expensive FTF survey. This article includes a description of our methods as well as results from the financial inclusion study and a discussion of limitations and future areas for research.
Discovery of superslow rotating asteroids with ATLAS and ZTF photometry
Authors: Erasmus N , Kramer D , McNeill A , Trilling D E , Janse van Rensburg P , van Belle G T , Tonry J L , Denneau L , Heinze A , Weiland H J
Published: July 2021

We present here the discovery of a new class of superslow rotating asteroids (Prot ≳1000 h) in data extracted from the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS) and Zwicky Transient Facility (ZTF) all-sky surveys. Of the 39 rotation periods we report here, 32 have periods longer than any previously reported unambiguous rotation periods currently in the Asteroid Light Curve Data base. In our sample, seven objects have a rotation period >4000 h and the longest period we report here is 4812 h (∼200 d). We do not observe any correlation between taxonomy, albedo, or orbital properties with superslow rotating status. The most plausible mechanism for the creation of these very slow rotators is if their rotations were slowed by YORP spin-down. Superslow rotating asteroids may be common, with at least 0.4 per cent of the main-belt asteroid population with a size range between 2 and 20 km in diameter rotating with periods longer than 1000 h.
The GOGREEN survey: dependence of galaxy properties on halo mass at z > 1 and implications for environmental quenching
Authors: Reeves Andrew M M , Balogh Michael L , van der Burg Remco F J , Finoguenov Alexis , Kukstas Egidijus , McCarthy Ian G , Webb Kristi , Muzzin Adam , McGee Sean , Rudnick Gregory , Biviano Andrea , Cerulo Pierluigi , Chan Jeffrey C C , Cooper M C , Demarco Ricardo , Jablonka Pascale , De Lucia Gabriella , Vulcani Benedetta , Wilson Gillian , Yee Howard K C , Zaritsky Dennis
Published: July 2021

We use photometric redshifts and statistical background subtraction to measure stellar mass functions in galaxy group-mass (4.5−8 × 1013 M⊙) haloes at 1 < z < 1.5. Groups are selected from COSMOS and SXDF, based on X-ray imaging and sparse spectroscopy. Stellar mass (Mstellar) functions are computed for quiescent and star-forming galaxies separately, based on their rest-frame UVJ colours. From these we compute the quiescent fraction and quiescent fraction excess (QFE) relative to the field as a function of Mstellar. QFE increases with Mstellar, similar to more massive clusters at 1 < z < 1.5. This contrasts with the apparent separability of Mstellar and environmental factors on galaxy quiescent fractions at z ∼ 0. We then compare our results with higher mass clusters at 1 < z < 1.5 and lower redshifts. We find a strong QFE dependence on halo mass at fixed Mstellar; well fit by a logarithmic slope of d(QFE)/dlog (Mhalo) ∼ 0.24 ± 0.04 for all Mstellar and redshift bins. This dependence is in remarkably good qualitative agreement with the hydrodynamic simulation bahamas, but contradicts the observed dependence of QFE on Mstellar. We interpret the results using two toy models: one where a time delay until rapid (instantaneous) quenching begins upon accretion to the main progenitor (‘no pre-processing’) and one where it starts upon first becoming a satellite (‘pre-processing’). Delay times appear to be halo mass-dependent, with a significantly stronger dependence required without pre-processing. We conclude that our results support models in which environmental quenching begins in low-mass (<1014M⊙) haloes at z > 1.
Joint constraints on thermal relic dark matter from strong gravitational lensing, the Ly α forest, and Milky Way satellites
Authors: Enzi Wolfgang , Murgia Riccardo , Newton Oliver , Vegetti Simona , Frenk Carlos , Viel Matteo , Cautun Marius , Fassnacht Christopher D , Auger Matt , Despali Giulia , McKean John , Koopmans Léon V E , Lovell Mark
Published: July 2021

We derive joint constraints on the warm dark matter (WDM) half-mode scale by combining the analyses of a selection of astrophysical probes: strong gravitational lensing with extended sources, the Ly α forest, and the number of luminous satellites in the Milky Way. We derive an upper limit of λhm = 0.089 Mpc h−1 at the 95 per cent confidence level, which we show to be stable for a broad range of prior choices. Assuming a Planck cosmology and that WDM particles are thermal relics, this corresponds to an upper limit on the half-mode mass of Mhm < 3 × 107 M⊙ h−1, and a lower limit on the particle mass of mth > 6.048 keV, both at the 95 per cent confidence level. We find that models with λhm > 0.223 Mpc h−1 (corresponding to mth > 2.552 keV and Mhm < 4.8 × 108 M⊙ h−1) are ruled out with respect to the maximum likelihood model by a factor ≤1/20. For lepton asymmetries L6 > 10, we rule out the 7.1 keV sterile neutrino dark matter model, which presents a possible explanation to the unidentified 3.55 keV line in the Milky Way and clusters of galaxies. The inferred 95 percentiles suggest that we further rule out the ETHOS-4 model of self-interacting DM. Our results highlight the importance of extending the current constraints to lower half-mode scales. We address important sources of systematic errors and provide prospects for how the constraints of these probes can be improved upon in the future.