bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comportamientos del profesor universitario y éxito académico de los estudiantes de los grados de maestro de infantil y primaria
Authors: Gil Madrona Pedro , García-Gómez-Heras Soledad , Hernández-Barrera Valentin , Lopez-de-Andres Ana , Lopez-Gomez Laura , Fernández-García Hector , Diaz-Suarez Arturo , Carrasco-Garrido Pilar
Published: July 2016

 
It´s disturbing to think about the idea that the teacher can lead a student to achieve great successes or, on the contrary, beat him academically.
 
It´s for this reason that it´s necessary to explore the behavior of teaching professionals, from the point of view of the student, to know which ones they consider that will impact positively on their academic success.
 
In order to this, a sample of 486 pupils from grades Primary Education Teachers (199) and Primary (287) in the Faculty of Education of Albacete (University of Castilla La Mancha) Education was analized.
 
A questionnaire (Tuncel, 2009) (from few questions and the type of response ) was applied and, using a Factor Analysis Exploratory, there were found six dimensions to which the students gave the highest importance: "Emotional aptitude of teachers " ; " Teacher-student interaction " ; " Achieving the goals of education" , "Connecting between teaching of theory and practices " ; "Planning and organization of teaching " ; "Correct and provide information to students about their advance and progress."
 
Conductas disruptivas desde la óptica del docente: validación de una escala
Authors: Álvarez-Hernández Marina , Castro-Pañeda Pilar , González-González-de-Mesa Carmen , Álvarez-Martino Eva , Campo-Mon María Ángel
Published: July 2016

In recent years difficulties in the field of teaching have increased considerably, due to what it is known as disruptive classroom behaviour. Proof of this can be seen in the fact that this topic is the focus of numerous recent studies and also in the fact that this question appears frequently in the media. The main purpose of this study is to validate a scale in order to know objectively the views of educational professionals about disruptive classroom behaviours. Taking into account previous literature and working with a panel of experts, a new scale of 15 items was developed. The scale was distributed to a sample composed of 346 professionals with an average age of 43.
<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'MS Mincho'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ES-TRAD">An exploratory factor analysis, a principal components analysis and an analysis of correlations between factors were applied. Such analyses <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 12pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: ES; mso-ansi-language: ES-TRAD; mso-bidi-font-weight: bold; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;" lang="ES-TRAD">have confirmed that the factorial structure of the scales converges towards the anticipated factors and it reaffirms its weight and confidence level. It can be concluded from this that the scale is valid for measuring the perception of teachers regarding the question being studied. The data indicates an optimum fit of the three-dimensional structure to the items of the scale.
Evaluación Multidimensional de la Superdotación: Criterios de validez de la Batería de Inteligencia y Creatividad para predecirlos talentos artísticos y académicos
Authors: Nakano Tatiana De Cassia , Primi Ricardo , Ribeiro Walquiria De Jesus , Almeida Leandro S.
Published: July 2016

We test the utility of the Battery for Giftedness Assessment (BaAH/S) in identifying differences in two groups of already known gifted students in the areas of academic and artistic talents. Four latent factors were assessed (a) fluid intelligence, (b) metaphor production (verbal creativity), (c) figural fluency (figural creativity), and (d) divergent thinking figural task quality (figural creativity). A sample of 987 children and adolescents, 464 boys and 523 girls, of ages ranging from 8 to 17 of two groups: regular students (N=866) and gifted students (N= 67 academic abilities, N=34 artistic abilities and N=20 no domain identified). Academic giftedness group of have higher reasoning, can produce more remote/original metaphors, high figural fluency and drawings rated as more original. Children in the group of artistic giftedness have higher reasoning, high figural fluency and drawings rated as more original. Reasoning abilities are relatively higher in academic giftedness group than artistic (r = .39 vs r =.14). Within artistic group figural fluency and ratings of originality are relatively more important than reasoning (r = .25 and r = .21 vs .14). We emphasizes the importance of assessing creativity in different domains in addition to intelligence to improve the understanding of giftedness and talent.
El poder de los extravertidos: Evaluando la regulación de estados de ánimo positivos y negativos
Authors: Hervás Gonzalo , López-Gómez Irene
Published: July 2016

Extraversion is a personality trait which has been systematically related to positive affect and well-being. One of the mechanisms that may account for these positive outcomes is the ability to regulate the responses to positive, as well as negative, moods. Prior research has found that extraverts’ higher positive mood maintenance could explain their higher levels of positive affect. However, research exploring differences between extraverts and introverts in negative mood regulation has yielded mixed results. The aim of the current study was explore the role of different facets of mood regulation displayed by extraverts, ambiverts, and introverts. After been exposed to a sad vs. happy mood induction, participants underwent a mood regulation task. Extraverts and ambiverts exhibited higher positive mood regulation than introverts, but similar mood repair. Thus, this research highlights the importance of positive mood regulation in the psychological functioning of extraverts, and opens new conceptualizations for developing interventions for introverts to improve their positive mood regulation and, hence, overall positive affect and well-being.
L’italiano di Pieter Paul Rubens in qualità di “secretario” di Jan Brueghel dei Velluti
Authors: Argenziano Rosa
Published: July 2016

This paper offers a new contribution about Pieter Paul Rubens’ competence with the Italian language, well known since 80’s at least. It’s focused on about thirty letters Rubens wrote for the painter Jan Brueghel The Elder, one of his friends and art-partners, who was able to write in Italian himself, but with many difficulties. For this reason Brueghel often asked Rubens, polyglot and perfectly able to speak and to write in Italian, to write in his place to his most important Italian customers: the Cardinal Federico Borromeo and the Milanese collector Ercole Bianchi. All Brueghel’s letters, included those written by Rubens, are conserved by the Ambrosiana Library of Milan and they were published in 1868 by Giovanni Crivelli.
Due casi limite dell’autotraduzione: ‘Il castello dei destini incrociati’ di Calvino e ‘Il Capitale’ di Marx
Authors: Plack Iris
Published: July 2016

This essay deals with self-translation or auto-translation, considered as an activity at the interface between the creative act of writing and the “imitative” act of translating. The definition of the expression and its differentiation from translation on the one hand and from autonomous writing on the other is yet to establish, and so is the status of the target text as a translation or as an “original”. The essay proposes to examine two special cases of self-translation into French, in which the author is not the only editor of the translated text, but revises and authorizes the work of a translator. The first one regards Italo Calvino as a self-translator of his novel Il castello dei destini incrociati, the second one Karl Marx, revising the translation of the first volume of Das Kapital. It will be shown that for both of them, the French language functions as a sort of constraint in the process of translation. In both cases, it stimulates invention, leading to a kind of réécriture, that is to say a continuation of the original.
A filter at the entrance of the Golgi that selects vesicles according to size and bulk lipid composition
Authors: Magdeleine Maud , Gautier Romain , Gounon Pierre , Barelli Hélène , Vanni Stefano , Antonny Bruno
Published: July 2016

When small phosphatidylcholine liposomes are added to perforated cells, they bind preferentially to the Golgi suggesting an exceptional avidity of this organelle for curved membranes without stereospecific interactions. We show that the cis golgin GMAP-210 accounts for this property. First, the liposome tethering properties of the Golgi resembles that of the amphipathic lipid-packing sensor (ALPS) motif of GMAP-210: both preferred small (radius < 40 nm) liposomes made of monounsaturated but not saturated lipids. Second, reducing GMAP-210 levels or redirecting its ALPS motif to mitochondria decreased liposome capture by the Golgi. Extensive mutagenesis analysis suggests that GMAP-210 tethers authentic transport vesicles via the same mechanism whereby the ALPS motif senses lipid-packing defects at the vesicle surface through its regularly spaced hydrophobic residues. We conclude that the Golgi uses GMAP-210 as a filter to select transport vesicles according to their size and bulk lipid composition.
Time-dependent threshold voltage drift induced by interface traps in normally-off GaN MOSFET with different gate recess technique
Authors: Sang Fei , Wang Maojun , Tao Ming , Liu Shaofei , Yu Min , Xie Bing , Wen Cheng P. , Wang Jingyan , Wu Wengang , Hao Yilong , Shen Bo
Published: July 2016

The time-dependent threshold voltage drift induced by fast interface traps in a fully gate-recessed normally-off GaN MOSFET is studied. It is found that the degree and time scale of the shift in threshold voltage are consistent with the density and time constant of interface traps at the MOS interface. The device based on wet etching delivers higher interface quality and threshold voltage stability than that based on dry etching. Nitrogen deficiency and high oxygen coverage are considered to be the origins of the high interface trap density in the MOSFET fabricated by dry etching.
Perception of the risk of adverse reactions to analgesics: differences between medical students and residents
Authors: Castillo-Guzman Sandra , González-Santiago Omar , Delgado-Leal Ismael A. , Lozano-Luévano Gerardo E. , Reyes-Rodríguez Misael J. , Elizondo-Solis César V. , Nava-Obregón Teresa A. , Palacios-Ríos Dionicio
Published: July 2016

Background.Medications are not exempt from adverse drug reactions (ADR) and how the physician perceives the risk of prescription drugs could influence their availability to report ADR and their prescription behavior.

Methods.We assess the perception of risk and the perception of ADR associated with COX2-Inbitors, paracetamol, NSAIDs, and morphine in medical students and residents of northeast of Mexico.

Results.The analgesic with the highest risk perception in both group of students was morphine, while the drug with the least risk perceived was paracetamol. Addiction and gastrointestinal bleeding were the ADR with the highest score for morphine and NSAIDs respectively.

Discussion.Our findings show that medical students give higher risk scores than residents toward risk due to analgesics. Continuing training and informing physicians about ADRs is necessary since the lack of training is known to induce inadequate use of drugs.
Intersocietal Accreditation Commission Accreditation Status of Outpatient Cerebrovascular Testing Facilities Among Medicare Beneficiaries
Authors: Brown Scott C. , Wang Kefeng , Dong Chuanhui , Farrell Mary Beth , Heller Gary V. , Gornik Heather L. , Hutchisson Marge , Needleman Laurence , Benenati James F. , Jaff Michael R. , Meier George H. , Perese Susana , Bendick Phillip , Hamburg Naomi M. , Lohr Joann M. , LaPerna Lucy , Leers Steven A. , Lilly Michael P. , Tegeler Charles , Katanick Sandra L. , Alexandrov Andrei V. , Siddiqui Adnan H. , Rundek Tatjana
Published: July 2016

Objectives

Accreditation of cerebrovascular ultrasound laboratories by the Intersocietal Accreditation Commission (IAC) and equivalent organizations is supported by the Joint Commission certification of stroke centers. Limited information exists on the accreditation status and geographic distribution of cerebrovascular testing facilities in the United States. Our study objectives were to identify the proportion of IAC‐accredited outpatient cerebrovascular testing facilities used by Medicare beneficiaries, describe their geographic distribution, and identify variations in cerebrovascular testing procedure types and volumes by accreditation status.

Methods

As part of the VALUE (Vascular Accreditation, Location, and Utilization Evaluation) Study, we examined the proportion of IAC‐accredited facilities that conducted cerebrovascular testing in a 5% Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services random Outpatient Limited Data Set in 2011 and investigated their geographic distribution using geocoding.

Results

Among 7327 outpatient facilities billing Medicare for cerebrovascular testing, only 22% (1640) were IAC accredited. The proportion of IAC‐accredited cerebrovascular testing facilities varied by region (χ2[3] = 177.1; P < .0001), with 29%, 15%, 13%, and 10% located in the Northeast, South, Midwest, and West, respectively. However, of the total number of cerebrovascular outpatient procedures conducted in 2011 (38,555), 40% (15,410) were conducted in IAC‐accredited facilities. Most cerebrovascular testing procedures were carotid duplex, with 40% of them conducted in IAC‐accredited facilities.

Conclusions

The proportion of facilities conducting outpatient cerebrovascular testing accredited by the IAC is low and varies by region. The growing number of certified stroke centers should be accompanied by more accredited outpatient vascular testing facilities, which could potentially improve the quality of stroke care.
Multiterritory Atherosclerosis and Carotid Intima‐Media Thickness as Cardiovascular Risk Predictors After Percutaneous Angioplasty of Symptomatic Subclavian Artery Stenosis
Authors: Wrotniak Leszek , Kablak-Ziembicka Anna , Karch Izabela , Pieniazek Piotr , Rosławiecka Agnieszka , Mleczko Szymon , Tekieli Lukasz , Zmudka Krzysztof , Przewlocki Tadeusz
Published: July 2016

Objectives

To identify independent predictors of cardiovascular events among patients with subclavian artery stenosis.

Methods

Two hundred eighteen consecutive patients with subclavian artery stenosis referred to angioplasty were examined for coexistent coronary, renal, or lower extremity artery stenosis of 50% or greater. Initial carotid intima‐media thickness and internal carotid artery (ICA) stenosis were assessed. Intima‐media thickness was reassessed in 108 randomly chosen patients to evaluate the change over time. The incidence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), ischemic stroke, and symptomatic lesion progression was recorded.

Results

The patients included 116 men and 102 women (mean age ± SD, 62.1 ± 8.4 years). Isolated subclavian artery stenosis and involvement of 1, 2, and 3 or 4 other territories with stenosis of 50% or greater were found in 46 (21.1%), 83 (38.1%), 55 (25.2%), and 34 (15.6%) patients, respectively. Internal carotid artery stenosis of 50% or greater (relative risk [RR], 1.54; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–1.70; P < .001) and initial intima‐media thickness (RR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05–1.28; P = .005) were identified as independent markers of multiterritory atherosclerosis. The optimal intima‐media thickness cutoff for atherosclerosis extent was 1.3 mm (sensitivity, 75.6%; specificity, 76.1%). During follow‐up of 57 ± 35 months, cardiovascular death, MI, and ischemic stroke occurred in 29 patients (13.3%). Those patients had significantly higher intima‐media thickness progression (+0.199 ± 0.57 versus +0.008 ± 0.26 mm; P = .039) and more widespread initial atherosclerosis (mean territories, 1.8 ± 1.1 versus 1.3 ± 1.1; P = .042). Independent predictors of cardiovascular death, MI, ischemic stroke, and lesion progression were coronary artery disease (RR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.10–1.58; P = .003) and intima‐media thickness progression (RR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.02–1.46; P = .033; sensitivity, 75.0%; specificity, 61.8%).

Conclusions

In patients with symptomatic subclavian artery stenosis, baseline carotid intima‐media thickness and ICA stenosis of 50% or greater are associated with multiterritory atherosclerosis, whereas intima‐media thickness progression is associated with the risk of cardiovascular events.
Public space and alcohol advertising: Exploratory study of the role of local government
Authors: Swensen Greg
Published: July 2016

Swensen, G. (2016). Public space and alcohol advertising: Exploratory study of the role of local government. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(3), 117-123. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.224The paper argues that local government bodies in Western Australia, which have a long-standing key role in overseeing public health standards and regulating business activities, potentially have a major, but under-recognized, capability to regulate the promotion and advertising of alcohol in public places overseen by them. It is contended that because local government bodies already possess extensive statutory powers to undertake this function, there is a compelling case for them to actively regulate alcohol advertising as they “own” most of the public space in Australian cities and towns.As the proposition would involve the prohibition of alcohol advertising, this could mean that local authorities may balk at assuming this responsibility due to a possible loss of revenue if they have already issued licenses to companies to construct and maintain key parts of the public infrastructure, like bus shelters, seating, and other street furniture, in return for being able to charge fees for advertising on these facilities.It is contended that local government authorities would ably perform a front-line role in regulating alcohol advertising in public places because of their reliance on community-based processes of consultation and decision-making for planning, in addition to understanding this role as an extension of a long standing role concerned with the advancement of public health and traffic safety.
Do alcohol pricing and availability policies have differential effects on sub-populations? A commentary
Authors: Giesbrecht Norman , Wettlaufer Ashley , Cukier Samantha , Geddie Gillian , Gonçalves André-Henrique , Reisdorfer Emilene
Published: July 2016

Giesbrecht, N., Wettlaufer, A., Cukier, S., Geddie, G., Gonçalves, A., & Reisdorfer, E. (2016). Do alcohol pricing and availability policies have differential effects on sub-populations? A commentary. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(3), 89-99. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.227Aims: Numerous policies have been shown to reduce the harm from alcohol; however, not all sub-populations respond similarly to policy interventions. This paper explores the specific effects of alcohol pricing policies and controls regarding physical availability on different types of harms from alcohol as well as on different sectors of the population, including impacts by gender, age, and drinking patterns.Design, Setting, Participants, and Measures: We focus on two dimensions. The first is alcohol pricing and taxation; the second is alcohol availability, comprising type of alcohol control system, outlet density, and hours/days of sale. We focused on peer-reviewed research and reviews published from 2005–2015, using several databases: PsycINFO, MEDLINE/PubMed, and Cochrane.Findings: Precautionary alcohol prices have substantial harm reduction potential, particularly among youth and high-risk drinkers. Restrictions on outlet densities and hours/days of sale impact the drinking patterns of underage youth, reduce high-risk drinking, and reduce alcohol-related harm. A reduction in prices or an increase in alcohol availability are associated with increase in high-risk drinking or alcohol-related harm.Conclusions: Future work should examine these policy measures in light of socioeconomic status and cultural factors, as well as impacts of policy interventions on evidence of harm to others from alcohol.
The many facets of alcohol policy
Authors: Jiang Heng , Room Robin
Published: July 2016

Jiang, H., & Room, R. (2016). The many facets of alcohol policy. The International Journal Of Alcohol And Drug Research, 5(3), 85-87. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v5i3.234The articles in this section are revised from papers presented at a thematic meeting on alcohol policy research of the Kettil Bruun Society for Social and Epidemiological Research on Alcohol, held in Melbourne in September, 2014. The international meeting was titled “Alcohol Policy Research: Putting Together a Global Evidence Base,” with attendees from 15 countries across five continents, including researchers from Australia, Europe, North America, Africa, and Asia. Papers revised from presentations at the conference are also published as special issues or sections in three other journals: Alcohol and Alcoholism (in Volume 50, No. 6), Drug and Alcohol Review (in Volume 35, No. 1), and Contemporary Drug Problems (in Volume 42, No. 2).
Seismic evidence for a change in the large‐scale tomographic pattern across the D′′ layer
Authors: Durand S. , Debayle E. , Ricard Y. , Lambotte S.
Published: July 2016

We present SEISGLOB1, a pure SV tomographic model of Earth's mantle based on Rayleigh phase velocities and normal mode self‐ and cross‐coupling data. SEISGLOB1 is the first model that incorporates the cross‐coupling of normal modes since the pioneering work of Resovsky and Ritzwoller (1999). The simultaneous inversion of new cross‐coupling normal modes and self‐coupling of high‐order normal modes measured by Deuss et al. (2013) and Stoneley modes measured by Koelemeijer et al. (2013) allows us to show that the velocity structure at the base of the mantle is more complex than that expected from a dominant spherical harmonic degree 2 and that the relative strength of odd degrees has previously been underestimated. Near the core‐mantle boundary, the large low‐shear‐velocity provinces are less homogeneous than in previous studies, and various local maxima, often potentially associated with hot spot sources, are observed.
Tropopause sharpening by data assimilation
Authors: Pilch Kedzierski R. , Neef L. , Matthes K.
Published: July 2016

Data assimilation was recently suggested to smooth out the sharp gradients that characterize the tropopause inversion layer (TIL) in systems that did not assimilate TIL‐resolving observations. We investigate whether this effect is present in the ERA‐Interim reanalysis and the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) operational forecast system (which assimilate high‐resolution observations) by analyzing the 4D‐Var increments and how the TIL is represented in their data assimilation systems. For comparison, we also diagnose the TIL from high‐resolution GPS radio occultation temperature profiles from the COSMIC satellite mission, degraded to the same vertical resolution as ERA‐Interim and ECMWF operational analyses. Our results show that more recent reanalysis and forecast systems improve the representation of the TIL, updating the earlier hypothesis. However, the TIL in ERA‐Interim and ECMWF operational analyses is still weaker and farther away from the tropopause than GPS radio occultation observations of the same vertical resolution.
Scattered energy from a rough core‐mantle boundary modeled by a Monte Carlo seismic particle method: Application to PKKP precursors
Authors: Mancinelli Nicholas , Shearer Peter
Published: July 2016

We stack a large global data set of 1 Hz PKKP waveforms to constrain globally averaged properties of PKKP precursors. We find that the precursor observations are better explained by scattering from core‐mantle boundary (CMB) topography than by scattering from the near surface, lower mantle, outer core, or inner core. However, as previously noted, simple models of CMB topography and standard 1‐D seismic velocity models fail to model the range dependence of the relative amplitude between PKKPbc and its precursors. We find that this systematic mismatch is due, at least in part, to the assumed velocity gradient in the lowermost 250 km of the outer core. Our globally averaged PKKP precursor observations are consistent with random CMB topography with RMS variations of ∼390 m and a horizontal correlation length of ∼7 km.
Miniature atomic scalar magnetometer for space based on the rubidium isotope 87Rb
Authors: Korth Haje , Strohbehn Kim , Tejada Francisco , Andreou Andreas G. , Kitching John , Knappe Svenja , Lehtonen S. John , London Shaughn M. , Kafel Matiwos
Published: July 2016

A miniature atomic scalar magnetometer based on the rubidium isotope 87Rb was developed for operation in space. The instrument design implements both Mx and Mz mode operation and leverages a novel microelectromechanical system (MEMS) fabricated vapor cell and a custom silicon‐on‐sapphire (SOS) complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit. The vapor cell has a volume of only 1 mm3 so that it can be efficiently heated to its operating temperature by a specially designed, low‐magnetic‐field‐generating resistive heater implemented in multiple metal layers of the transparent sapphire substrate of the SOS‐CMOS chips. The SOS‐CMOS chip also hosts the Helmholtz coil and associated circuitry to stimulate the magnetically sensitive atomic resonance and temperature sensors. The prototype instrument has a total mass of fewer than 500 g and uses less than 1 W of power, while maintaining a sensitivity of 15 pT/√Hz at 1 Hz, comparable to present state‐of‐the‐art absolute magnetometers.
Ion cyclotron instability at Io: Hybrid simulation results compared to in situ observations
Authors: Šebek Ondřej , Trávníček Pavel M. , Walker Raymond J. , Hellinger Petr
Published: July 2016

We present analysis of global three‐dimensional hybrid simulations of Io's interaction with Jovian magnetospheric plasma. We apply a single‐species model with simplified neutral‐plasma chemistry and downscale Io in order to resolve the ion kinetic scales. We consider charge exchange, electron impact ionization, and photoionization by using variable rates of these processes to investigate their impact. Our results are in a good qualitative agreement with the in situ magnetic field measurements for five Galileo flybys around Io. The hybrid model describes ion kinetics self‐consistently. This allows us to assess the distribution of temperature anisotropies around Io and thereby determine the possible triggering mechanism for waves observed near Io. We compare simulated dynamic spectra of magnetic fluctuations with in situ observations made by Galileo. Our results are consistent with both the spatial distribution and local amplitude of magnetic fluctuations found in the observations. Cyclotron waves, triggered probably by the growth of ion cyclotron instability, are observed mainly downstream of Io and on the flanks in regions farther from Io where the ion pickup rate is relatively low. Growth of the ion cyclotron instability is governed mainly by the charge exchange rate.
Microchannel plate fabrication using glass capillary arrays with Atomic Layer Deposition films for resistance and gain
Authors: Popecki M. A. , Adams B. , Craven C. A. , Cremer T. , Foley M. R. , Lyashenko A. , O'Mahony A. , Minot M. J. , Aviles M. , Bond J. L. , Stochaj M. E. , Worstell W. , Elam J. W. , Mane A. U. , Siegmund O. H. W. , Ertley C. , Kistler L. M. , Granoff M. S.
Published: July 2016

Microchannel plates (MCPs) have been used for many years in space flight instrumentation as fast, lightweight electron multipliers. A new MCP fabrication method combines a glass substrate composed of hollow glass capillary arrays with thin film coatings to provide the resistive and secondary electron emissive properties. Using this technique, the gain, resistance, and glass properties may be chosen independently. Large‐area MCPs are available at moderate cost. Secondary emission films of Al2O3 and MgO provide sustained high gain as charge is extracted from the MCP. Long lifetimes are possible, and a total extracted charge of 7 C/cm2 has been demonstrated. Background rates are low because the glass substrate has little radioactive potassium 40. Curved MCPs are easily fabricated with this technique to suit instrument symmetries, simplifying secondary electron steering and smoothing azimuthal efficiency.
Mitigation of narrowband interferences by means of a reconfigurable stepped frequency GPR system
Authors: Persico Raffaele , Dei Devis , Parrini Filippo , Matera Loredana
Published: July 2016

This paper proposes a new technique for the mitigation of narrowband interferences by making use of an innovative stepped frequency Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) system, based on the modulation of the integration time of the harmonic components of the signal. This can allow a good rejection of the interference signal without filtering out part of the band of the useful signal (which would involve a loss of information) and without increasing the power of the transmitted signal (which might saturate the receiver and make illegal the level of transmitted power). The price paid for this is an extension of the time needed in order to perform the measurements. We will show that this necessary drawback can be contained by making use of a prototypal reconfigurable stepped frequency GPR system.
Differential heme release from various hemoglobin redox states and the upregulation of cellular heme oxygenase‐1
Authors: Kassa Tigist , Jana Sirsendu , Meng Fantao , Alayash Abdu I.
Published: July 2016

Despite advances in our understanding of the oxidative pathways mediated by free hemoglobin (Hb), the precise contribution of its highly reactive redox forms to tissue and organ toxicities remains ambiguous. Heme, a key degradation byproduct of Hb oxidation, has recently been recognized as a damage‐associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule, able to trigger inflammatory responses. Equally damaging is the interaction of the highly redox active forms of Hb with other biological molecules. We determined the kinetics of heme loss from individual Hb redox states—ferrous (Fe2+), ferric (Fe3+), and ferryl (Fe4+)—using two different heme receptor proteins: hemopexin (Hxp), a naturally occurring heme scavenger in plasma, and a double mutant (H64Y/V86F), apomyoglobin (ApoMb), which avidly binds heme released from Hb. We show for the first time that ferric Hb (Fe3+) loses heme at rates substantially higher than that of ferryl Hb (Fe4+). This was also supported by a higher expression of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) when ferric Hb was added to cultured lung alveolar epithelial cells (E10). The reported cytotoxicity of Hb may therefore be attributed to a combination of accelerated heme loss from the ferric form and protein radical formation associated with ferryl Hb. Targeted therapeutic interventions can therefore be designed to curb specific oxidative pathways of Hb in hemolytic anemias and when Hb is used as an oxygen‐carrying therapeutic.
Rapport‐Building in Investigative Interviews of Alleged Child Sexual Abuse Victims
Authors: Price Eleanor A. , Ahern Elizabeth C. , Lamb Michael E.
Published: July 2016

Research shows that both utterance type and rapport‐building can affect children's productivity during the substantive phase of investigative interviews. However, few researchers have examined the effects of utterance type and content on children's productivity within the rapport‐building phase. In the present study, transcripts of interviews with 94 4‐ to 13‐year‐old alleged victims were examined. Interviews were conducted using either the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Protocol or the Memorandum of Good Practice (MoGP). The NICHD Protocol interviews contained more invitations and questions about events and hobbies/likes than the MoGP interviews. Children's productivity was associated with utterance type and topic, showing both the benefits of invitations and questions asking about past events. Our findings complement research focusing on the substantive phase of child forensic interviews, suggesting that both utterance type and prompt content during the rapport‐building phase can affect children's immediate productivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methods for Influencing Social Policy: The Role of Social Experiments
Authors: Shinn Marybeth
Published: July 2016

Research methods in community psychology have grown more diverse since the Swampscott conference, but rigorous social experiments maintain a place among the multiplicity of methods that can promote community psychology values. They are particularly influential in policy circles. Two examples of social experiments to end homelessness for different populations illustrate their role. Both studies show that offering extremely poor and disenfranchised people autonomy and the resources they seek works better than “helping” them to overcome deficits in ways designed by well‐meaning service providers. Experiments are neither the first nor the last method community psychologists should employ, but are a critical part of the field's armamentarium for systems change.
Copper‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allyl–Allyl Coupling between Allylic Boronates and Phosphates with a Phenol/N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Chiral Ligand
Authors: Yasuda Yuto , Ohmiya Hirohisa , Sawamura Masaya
Published: July 2016

Copper‐catalyzed enantioselective allyl–allyl coupling between allylboronates and either Z‐acyclic or cyclic allylic phosphates using a new chiral N‐heterocyclic carbene ligand, bearing a phenolic hydroxy, is reported. This reaction occurs with exceptional SN2′‐type regioselectivities and high enantioselectivities to deliver chiral 1,5‐diene derivatives with a tertiary stereogenic center at the allylic/homoallylic position.
Ageing properties of polyurethane methacrylate and off‐stoichiometry thiol‐ene polymers after nitrogen and argon plasma treatment
Authors: Chen Tiam Foo , Siow Kim Shyong , Ng Pei Yuen , Nai Mui Hoon , Lim Chwee Teck , Yeop Majlis Burhanuddin
Published: July 2016

Proprietary mixture of polyurethane methacrylate (PUMA) and off‐stoichiometry thiol‐ene (OSTE‐80) are evaluated as two possible polymeric substrates to prototype microfluidic biochips. Because of their lack of biocompatibility, PUMA and OSTE‐80 are modified by argon (Ar) or nitrogen (N2) plasma treatment to introduce nitrogen moieties that are highly polar and conducive for cell attachment and growth. XPS and water contact angle measurement show that these nitrogen groups are relatively stable in the plasma‐treated PUMA and OSTE‐80 in spite of the hydrophobic recovery and volatilization of nitrogen moieties during air ageing for 15 days. This stability can be attributed to their high degree crosslinking that is reflected by the increase of elastic modulus of PUMA and OSTE‐80 during their air ageing. These results show that Ar and N2 plasma‐treated PUMA and OSTE‐80 possess the necessary physical and chemical properties to be evaluated further to develop microfluidic biochips for biological applications. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44107.
Light scattering materials with tunable optical properties by controlling refractive index of the dispersed phase
Authors: Liu Xiao , Dong Xianming , Xiong Ying , Yi Ping , Ren Yikun , Guo Shaoyun
Published: July 2016

Traditionally, the morphologies of the dispersed phase in Polycarbonate (PC)/poly(styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile) (SAN) blends were strongly influenced if AN content in SAN changed significantly even under constant processing conditions. This would hinder the pure research intended to study the effect of the refractive index difference between the polymer host and the polymeric dispersed particles on the optical properties tough. Therefore, we respectively prepared different PC/SAN light diffusion sheets with four types of SAN containing different AN content ranging just from 20 to 25 wt %, a narrow range that sufficiently ensures the relatively stable morphology of different SAN in PC matrix. The results suggest that the refractive index of SAN increases with an decreasing AN content, thus narrowing the refractive index difference between PC and SAN and producing PC/SAN(70/30) light diffusion sheets with an increasing transmittance and decreasing haze. The interesting phenomenon is further analyzed using Mie scattering theory. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44156.
Retarding hydrolytic degradation of polylactic acid: Effect of induced crystallinity and graphene addition
Authors: Finniss Adam , Agarwal Sushant , Gupta Rakesh
Published: July 2016

The combination of elevated temperature and humidity leads to rapid degradation of polylactic acid (PLA) because of hydrolysis. Consequently, PLA, which is a bio‐derived and biodegradable polymer, is not currently used for durable applications since properties cannot always be maintained over time. In this work, the ability of polymer crystals to reduce the rate of degradation during accelerated aging tests was studied. Also examined was the influence of addition of 2 wt % graphene nanoplatelets to act as moisture transport barriers in the polymer. PLA samples were immersed in aqueous media of different pH or exposed to 100% relative humidity at 50 °C for different lengths of time to study the hydrolytic degradation behavior. In addition to monitoring the loss in mass of the samples, the values of crystallinity, melt viscosity, and mechanical properties, among others, were measured as functions of aging time using techniques such as DSC and rheometry. It was found that both crystallization and graphene addition are able to slow down the rate of degradation at short times, but significant degradation of PLA still occurs at long times. This is because PLA crystallites and graphene nanoplatelets can only reduce, but not eliminate, moisture diffusion into the polymer sample. Between the use of nanoplatelets and crystals, though, the former approach may be the better choice since enhanced crystallization tends to make PLA brittle. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 44166.
Determination of epacadostat, a novel IDO1 inhibitor in mouse plasma by LC–MS/MS and its application to a pharmacokinetic study in mice
Authors: Dhiman Vinay , Giri Kalpesh Kumar , S Suresh P. , Zainuddin Mohd , Rajagopal Sriram , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: July 2016

A sensitive, specific and rapid LC‐ESI‐MS/MS method has been developed and validated for the quantification of epacadostat in mouse plasma using tolbutamide as an internal standard (IS) as per regulatory guidelines. Sample preparation was accomplished through a protein precipitation. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Atlantis dC18 column using a binary gradient using mobile phase A (acetonitrile) and B (0.2% formic acid in water) at a flow rate of 0.90 mL/min. Elution of epacadostat and IS occurred at ~2.41 and 2.51 min, respectively. The total chromatographic run time was 3.2 min. A linear response function was established in the concentration range of 1.07–533 ng/mL. The intra‐ and inter‐day accuracy and precision were in the ranges of 1.81–12.9 and 3.80–11.1%, respectively. This novel method has been applied to a pharmacokinetic study in mice.
Trends in phase III randomized controlled clinical trials on the treatment of advanced non‐small‐cell lung cancer
Authors: Fernández‐López Cristina , Expósito‐Hernández José , Arrebola‐Moreno Juan Pedro , Calleja‐Hernández Miguel Ángel , Expósito‐Ruíz Manuela , Guerrero‐Tejada Rosa , Linares Isabel , Cabeza‐Barrera José
Published: July 2016

The objective of this review was to analyze trends in outcomes and in the quality of phase III randomized controlled trials on advanced NSCLC published between 2000 and 2012, selecting 76 trials from a total of 122 retrieved in a structured search. Over the study period, the number of randomized patients per trial increased by 14 per year (P = 0.178). The sample size significantly increased between 2000 and 2012 in trials of targeted agents (460.1 vs. 740.8 patients, P = 0.009), trials of >1 drug (360.4 vs. 584.8, P = 0.014), and those including patients with good performance status (675.3 vs. 425.6; P = 0.003). Quality of life was assessed in 46 trials (60.5%), and significant improvements were reported in 10 of these (21.7%). Platinum‐based regimens were the most frequently investigated (86.8% of trials). Molecular‐targeted agents were studied in 25.0% of chemotherapy arms, and the percentage of trials including these agents increased each year. The median (interquartile range) overall survival (MOS) was 9.90 (3.5) months with an increase of 0.384 months per year of publication (P < 0.001). A statistically significant improvement in MOS was obtained in only 13 (18.8%) trials. The median progression‐free survival was 4.9 (1.9) months, with a nonsignificant increase of 0.026 months per year (P > 0.05). There has been a continuous but modest improvement in the survival of patients with advanced NSCLC over the past 12 years. Nevertheless, the quality of clinical trials and the benefit in outcomes should be carefully considered before the incorporation of novel approaches into clinical practice.
Chemical Polymorphism of Origanum compactum Grown in All Natural Habitats in Morocco
Authors: Aboukhalid Kaoutar , Lamiri Abdeslam , Agacka‐Mołdoch Monika , Doroszewska Teresa , Douaik Ahmed , Bakha Mohamed , Casanova Joseph , Tomi Félix , Machon Nathalie , Faiz Chaouki Al
Published: July 2016

Origanum compactum L. (Lamiaceae) is one of the most important medicinal species in term of ethnobotany in Morocco. It is considered as a very threatened species as it is heavily exploited. Its domestication remains the most efficient way to safeguard it for future generations. For this purpose, wide evaluation of the existing variability in all over the Moroccan territory is required. The essential oils of 527 individual plants belonging to 88 populations collected from the whole distribution area of the species in Morocco were analyzed by GC/MS. The dominant constituents were carvacrol (0 – 96.3%), thymol (0 – 80.7%), p‐cymene (0.2 – 58.6%), γ‐terpinene (0 – 35.2%), carvacryl methyl ether (0 – 36.2%), and α‐terpineol (0 – 25.8%). While in the Middle Atlas region and the Central Morocco mainly carvacrol type samples were found, much higher chemotypic diversity was encountered within samples from the north part of Morocco (occidental and central Rif regions). The high chemical polymorphism of plants offers a wide range for selection of valuable chemotypes, as a part of breeding and domestication programs of this threatened species.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 3,5‐Dimethoxystilbene Analogs
Authors: Weng Jian‐Quan , Ali Abbas , Estep Alden , Becnel James , Meyer Susan L. F. , Wedge David E. , Jacob Melissa , Rimando Agnes M.
Published: July 2016

In our continuing effort to discover natural product‐based pest management agents, derivatives of 3,5‐dimethoxystilbene were synthesized yielding 27 new and six known compounds. Compounds 11 and 12 showed strong Aedes aegypti larvicidal activity (LC50 45.31 and 49.93 μm, respectively). Furthermore, 11 and 12 exhibited high effectiveness against larvae of pesticide‐susceptible and pyrethroid‐resistant strains of Ae. aegypti; activity against the adult mosquitoes was low. Compounds 6f, 6g, and 6i at either 83.3 or 166.7 μg/ml reduced the mobility of second‐stage juveniles (J2) of the root‐knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) that hatched from eggs immersed in the test compounds for 7 days. However, there was little or no effect on J2 placed directly into these compounds, and none of the analogs suppressed M. incognita egg hatch. The compounds were tested for inhibition of some agriculturally important fungi; 6a, 7a, and 7e demonstrated strong inhibition of Colletotrichum species. Activity of the stilbenes against some human pathogens was also explored; 11, 12, and 16 showed moderate inhibitory activity against Cryptococcus neoformans, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin‐resistant S. aureus, and Mycobacterium intracellulare. Except for 11 and 12, which were active against mosquito larvae and some human pathogens, no single analog demonstrated activity in all the tests, indicating specific activities. Synthesis of the analogs and structure–activity relationships are discussed.
Isocoumarin Derivatives from the Sponge‐Associated Fungus Peyronellaea glomerata with Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Zhao Yang , Liu Dong , Proksch Peter , Yu Siwang , Lin Wenhan
Published: July 2016

Chemical examination of the solid culture of the sponge‐associated fungus Peyronellaea glomerata led to the isolation of five new isocoumarins, namely peyroisocoumarins A – D (1 – 4) and isocitreoisocoumarinol (5), together with 13 known analogues (6 – 18). Their structures were determined on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analyses, including the modified Mosher's method for the configurational assignments. Peyroisocoumarins A and B were characterized by the presence of Cl‐atom at pentane chain, which were unusual in isocoumarin derivatives. The ARE reporter assay revealed that peyroisocoumarins A, B, and D exerted potent ARE activation in HepG2C8 cells, while the preliminary analyses of structure–activity relationship was discussed.
Chemical Composition and Content of Lipophilic Seed Extractives of Some Abies and Picea Species
Authors: Wajs‐Bonikowska Anna , Smeds Annika , Willför Stefan
Published: July 2016

The chemical content and composition of the lipophilic extracts from seeds of some fir species: Abies alba, A. cephalonica, A. concolor, and A. koreana, as well as of a few spruce species: Picea abies, P. orientalis, and P. pungens, were examined. The amount of lipophilic extractives is diverse among the tree species and it varies from 9.8% to 41% of seeds. The chemical characterization showed significant differences, not only in the content, but also in the composition of extractives. However, most of the identified compounds like resin alcohols, ‐aldehydes, and ‐acids, as well as fatty acids, were detected in the seed extracts of all the examined tree species. The dominating identified compound group was esterified fatty acids (2.5 – 55.4% w/w of dry extract), occurring mainly as tri‐ and diglycerides, as well as free acids. The main representatives of this group were linoleic and oleic acids. The resin acids, among which the main were abietic, neoabietic, dehydroabietic, and palustric acids, were also detected at high levels, from 1.8% to 16.9% of the dry seed extracts. Phytosterols, tocopherols, resin hydrocarbons, and resin esters, as well as fatty alcohols were also identified. The coniferous tree seeds, as a renewable natural material, could represent a prospective raw material for producing valuable chemicals.