bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nutritional status, nutrient imbalances, food-related behaviors and dietary supplements use among patients with celiac disease in Lebanon: a national cross-sectional study
Authors: Hoteit Maha , Chamas Zeinab , Assaf Shaza , Bouhairie Malek Michael , Bahr Abbas , Daccache Romy , Matar Rami , Hallal Marwa , Maitar Michael , Hallal Mahmoud , Hotayt Samer , Hotayt Bilal
Published: July 2022

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten, that occurs in susceptible individuals and is associated with dietary restriction and subsequent nutritional deficiencies. This study investigated the diet quality, nutrition imbalances and nutrition status among young children, adolescents and adults with CD who were referred to several hospitals in Lebanon.

Methods:A cross-sectional study in 50 individuals (31.74 ± 15.64 years) with CD was conducted, using biochemical parameters, anthropometric measurements, dietary and physical activity assessments.

Results: Of the 50 participants, 38% and 16% were presenting low serum levels of iron and vitamin B12, respectively. The majority of participants were physically inactive and around 40% of them had low muscle mass. A weight loss of 10% to 30% indicating mild to moderate malnutrition was shown in 14% of individuals. The assessment of food-related behaviors shows that 80% of participants were reading nutrition labels and 96% of them were following gluten-free diets (GFD). Some barriers including family ignorance (6%), language of the nutrition labels (20%) and expensive GF products (78%) were limiting the adherence to GFD. The inadequacy of the daily energy intake along with insufficient intakes of calcium and vitamin D were remarked among individuals with CD. However, protein and iron intake were exceeding the recommendations among all age groups, except in males aged 4-8 years and 19-30 years. Half the study participants were using dietary supplements where 38%, 10%, 46%, 18%, 16% and 4% used vitamin D, vitamin B12, iron, calcium, folate and probiotics, respectively.

Conclusion: GFD is the key treatment for CD. However, it is not without inadequacies and may cause certain deficiencies such as calcium and vitamin D leading to reduced bone density. This underlines the critical role of dietitians in education and maintenance of healthy GFD among individuals with CD.
‘What effect do safety culture interventions have on health care workers in hospital settings?’ A systematic review of the international literature
Authors: Finn Mairéad , Mellon Lisa , Walsh Aisling , O'Brien Niall , Williams David J. , Rafter Natasha , McCarthy Siobhán E.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: Interventions designed to improve safety culture in hospitals foster organisational environments that prevent patient safety events and support organisational and staff learning when events do occur. A safety culture supports the required health workforce behaviours and norms that enable safe patient care, and the well-being of patients and staff. The impact of safety culture interventions on staff perceptions of safety culture and patient outcomes has been established. To-date, however, there is no common understanding of what staff outcomes are associated with interventions to improve safety culture and what staff outcomes should be measured.

Objectives: The study seeks to examine the effect of safety culture interventions on staff in hospital settings, globally. The research questions are: 1) what effects do interventions to improve safety culture have on staff? 2) What intervention features, safety culture domains or other factors explain these effects? 3) What staff outcomes and experiences are identified?

Methods and Analysis: A mixed methods systematic review will be conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Searches will be conducted using the electronic databases of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Health Business Elite, and Scopus. Returns will be screened in Covidence according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mixed-methods appraisal tool (MMAT) will be used as a quality assessment tool. The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials and non-randomised studies of interventions will be employed to verify bias. Synthesis will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute methodological guidance for mixed methods reviews, which recommends a convergent approach to synthesis and integration.

Discussion: This systematic review will contribute to the international evidence on how interventions to improve safety culture may support staff outcomes and how such interventions may be appropriately designed and implemented.
TO THE 125TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE BIRTH OF N.A. BERNSTEIN: NEW KNOWLEDGE IN THE THEORY OF CONSTRUCTION OF MOVEMENTS
Authors: Gimazov Rinat M.
Published: July 2022

In the middle of the twentieth century, Nikolai Alexandrovich Bernstein proposed the author’s concept of building movements in humans. However, this knowledge has not found practical application. The reasons were, firstly, the researchers’ guidance of the scientific position, taken as an axiom that each level of the nervous system has its own class of movements. Secondly, this is the absence of the concept of the goal of motor actions in the theory of movement construction.

Purpose. To present new knowledge in the theory of the construction of movements humans.

Methods. Generalization of the results of own research in the period from 2011 to 2021 on the study of the provisions of the theory and practice of building movements in humans.

Results. New knowledge about the theory of the construction of movements for their practical application in human motor learning was obtained: 1 – in the separation of the concept of the goal of motor actions as a separate system-forming factor in the formation of functional systems in the motor function of a person; 2 – the process of building movements in motor action is the formation of functional systems at each neurological level; 3 – the process of building motor action passes through all levels of the nervous system; 4 – In relation to human motor learning, the characteristic of “dexterity” is necessary for us to assess the effectiveness of the process of building the required movements by the nervous system to achieve the goal of motor action.
MEDICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL ASPECTS OF LEARNING LATIN IN MODERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY
Authors: Maltseva Svetlana M. , Bystrova Natalya V. , Voronkova Anna A. , Stroganov Dmitry A. , Khizhnaya Anna V.
Published: July 2022

The article has an interdisciplinary character related to the influence of the integration of medicine and pedagogy on the possibilities of studying Latin by medical students.

The aim of the work is to analyze the transformation of the traditional principles of learning Latin in a medical university in the context of modernizing modern education. Concerning the methods of the study, the researchers relied on the principles of dialectics, general scientific methods of generalization, analysis and systematization, as well as questionnaires. SWOT-analysis was used for the first time in the work to achieve this goal.

Results. The study showed that the traditional principles and methods of teaching Latin at a medical university are not able to fully ensure the formation of the necessary competencies, primarily general cultural ones. The advantages of traditional principles were highlighted: providing a rich terminological stock and knowledge of grammatical norms. The identified disadvantages include insufficient development of students’ horizons, a narrow professional perspective and a large amount of memorized material and low educational motivation. It is described that many innovative technologies are quite applicable here, but little in demand. The threat to slowing down their use is an increase in the load on the teacher, uncontrolled independent work of students and a decrease in the school’s general cultural base of future students.
STUDYING THE INFLUENCE OF HEALTH-IMPROVING TRAINING WITH DIFFERENT INTENSITY ON THE PSYCHOPHYSICAL STATE OF MIDDLE-AGED WOMEN OF 35–45 YEARS OLD
Authors: Shlee Inessa P. , Minnikaeva Natalia V. , Simenyuk Galina Y.
Published: July 2022

Systematic health-improving exercises and rational physical activity promote the activation and improvement of work of all body’s organs and physiological systems of middle-aged women, increase their adaptation to loads, stressful situations, prolong their youth and lay the foundation for active longevity in the future.

Purpose. To study the influence of health-improving exercises with different types and intensity on the psychophysical state of middle aged women with different rates of involutional processes.

Materials and methods. The study involved 26 women of 35-45 years old, engaged in health-improving gymnastics for 60-90 minutes, 2-3 times a week, randomized into three groups according to their involutional processes rate. The level of physical condition was calculated according to E.A. Pirogova and R.M. Baevsky adaptation potential and estimated the psychoemotional state using the «Well-being-Activity-Mood» questionnaire.

A training program for 4 months has been developed with alternating type and intensity of loads in a weekly microcycle. During the sessions, the heart rate was continuously measured using smart bracelets Mi Band 4. Also, before and after the session, the psychoemotional state was evaluated according to the Luscher testing.

Statistical processing of results was carried out using the mathematical statistics methods. The differences significance of data between groups was assessed using the Student’s coefficient, the Mann-Whitney test, and single-factor analysis of variances. The significance level was assessed using special tables. The correlation Pearson and Spearman coefficients were calculated too.

Results. The work demonstrates that constant monitoring of heart rate and psychoemotional state during training process makes it possible to assess the effect of loads on the women organism, the adaptation mechanisms to loads of various types and intensities, avoid overwork and overtraining, select an individually suitable training regimen (loads dosage, options for performing exercises, etc.) in order to achieve the maximum health-improving and optimal developmental (or training) effect.

Conclusion. Thus, an adequate loads alternation in microcycles, the creation of complex programs based on various fitness areas, taking into account the individual characteristics and interests of 35-45 aged women, allows them to increase their physical fitness, enhance the body functional reserves, adaptation to loads and improve well-being and mood.
OCCUPATIONAL MEDICAL RISKS: CONDITIONS OF LEGITIMACY IN THE CONTEXT OF CURRENT CRIMINAL LAW
Authors: Ognerubov Nikolay A. , Zelepukin Roman V. , Bolshakova Valentina M.
Published: July 2022

Background. Medical practice requires decisions that are risky in nature and their positive outcome cannot be guaranteed. The reasons for this can be varied, but also with a proper and professional approach by the treating attending physician and other medical personnel adverse effects of the treatment or research carried out should not also be interpreted as criminal acts, which justifies a thorough examination of the attributes and types of reasonably medical risks and the conditions for their legitimacy.

Materials and methods. An analysis of the sources of legal regulation of medical activity, including criminal legislation, was carried out and law enforcement practice was studied. The paper used the formal-legal method to identify and specify the conditions for the legitimacy of medical occupational risks.

Results. Occupational medical risk is a type of reasonable risk, that is a circumstance precluding criminality of an act, and depending on the socially useful purpose of the intervention in the functioning of the human body, it can be innovative and treatment.

Conclusion. Qualification of occupational medical risk as a reasonable risk requires taking into account consideration of the full content of the situation of its application in each case. In doing so, there is no need for a separate regulation on the legitimacy of medical risk, but Article 41 of the Criminal Code may be supplemented by a condition to exclude informed consent of the patient or his statutory representative, when it is carried out on emergency evidence to eliminate the threat to a person’s life.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF TOOTHBRUSHES OF VARIOUS TYPES IN CHILDREN DURING THE PERIOD OF REPLACEMENT BITE
Authors: Petrukhina Nataliia B. , Boriskina Olga A. , Shevlyakov Dmitrii I.
Published: July 2022

The aim of the work is to conduct a clinical assessment of the effectiveness of toothbrushes of various types in children aged 6-11 years by dynamic monitoring of the condition of hard tissues of teeth, periodontal and hygienic status.

Materials and methods: a parallel, randomized, open clinical trial was conducted aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of three different toothbrushes (two manual ones with different working parts and an electric one with the technology of reciprocating and pulsating movements) in children aged 6-11 years. The study involved 60 children aged 6-8 years and 60 children aged 9-11 years. In each age category, 3 groups of 20 people were randomly formed, who received toothbrushes of different types: groups I and IV - manual brush "Oral-B Junior" ("Procter & Gamble", Ireland), groups II and V - manual brush "ROCS Junior" (LLC "VDS-Stupino", Russia), groups III and VI - electric brush "Oral-B Pro 400 Junior Sensi Ultrathin". Dental examination included determination of KPUz+kpz indices, PI (Turesky S., 1970) and PMA (Parma S., 1960). After the examination, the children were taught the standard method of brushing their teeth. Repeated examinations were carried out after 1, 2 and 3 months. To compare the indicators of one group in dynamics, the Wilcoxon criterion was used, and the Mann-Whitney test was used to identify differences between groups.

Results. The values of the KPUz+KPZ indices did not change in any of the groups during the study. In all groups, there was a significant decrease in PI after 1, 2 and 3 months from the start of the study (Wilcoxon criterion, p<0.05). The greatest reduction in the plaque index was observed when using an electric brush (significant differences with the groups where manual brushes were used, Mann-Whitney criterion, p<0.05). Of manual toothbrushes, the Oral-B Junior brush (soft, bowl-shaped brush field, CrissCross bristles, power protrusion) turned out to be more effective. Along with a decrease in the plaque index in all groups, there was a significant decrease in the PMA index (Wilcoxon criterion, p<0.001 compared to the baseline level). The achieved effect was maintained in terms of 2 and 3 months. from the beginning of the study, there was no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion: all toothbrushes were effective in controlling the supra-gingival plaque (visible biofilm), the highest effect was observed in groups of children who used an electric toothbrush.
QUANTITATIVE INDICATORS OF THE MEDICINAL HERBS GROWTH AND YIELD ON AN EXPERIMENTAL PLANTATION IN NORTHERN KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: Kabanova Svetlana A. , Danchenko Matvei A. , Kabanov Andrej N. , Kochegarov Igor S. , Scott Sabina A.
Published: July 2022

Climate change, man-made and anthropogenic factors have negatively affected the flora, therefore, the reserves of wild-growing grasses in nature are sharply reduced. For this reason, the mass cultivation of medicinal herbs on plantations is becoming an important task.

Aim of research – development of an environmentally friendly and rational technology for growing medicinal herbs on plantations in the northern region of Kazakhstan.

Materials and methods. The research was carried out in the Akmola region, the following species of medicinal herbs were selected as the objects of research: Echinacea purpurea Moench, Salvia officinalis, Origani vulgaris, Népeta catária, Adónis aestivális, Ínula helénium, Thymus serpyllum. Nitrogen fertilizers were used for the growth of the medicinal herbs, while the soils on the control plots did not contain any fertilizers.

Results. It was found that the use of fertilizers increased the number of seedlings in all studied plants by 6.3 – 62.8% compared to the control. The increase in plant’s growth, development and height was observed in Breckland thyme, catnip, and summer Adonis. The rest of the medicinal herbs growth and height were smaller than that of the control. The crop yield of catnip, oregano, sage, Breckland thyme and summer Adonis in the experimental plot was higher by 1.7-35.8 than that of the control. It has been determined that purple coneflower and elfdock are best grown without addition of plant growth substances.

Conclusion. The application of fertilizers to the soil has a positive effect on the growth of the studied species of medicinal plants, except for purple coneflower and elfdock.
Jovem Nem Nem: Questionamentos a partir de Pesquisas sobre Juventude e Experiências de Jovens Pobres
Authors: Silva Júnior Paulo Roberto da , Mayorga Claudia
Published: July 2022

Os/as chamados/as jovens nem nem são os/as que nem estudam, nem trabalham, nem procuram emprego. Analisamos sua construção como problema social a partir de um tripé: o desconhecimento e desinteresse pelas experiências dos/as jovens pobres, a espetacularização do fenômeno e a constituição de um conjunto de práticas para solucioná-lo. As análises apresentadas partem de uma pesquisa que realizou, com o auxílio do programa ALCESTE, uma análise lexical de universos semânticos sobre os/as chamados/as jovens nem nem em 19 documentos da Organização Internacional do Trabalho/OIT, e uma pesquisa-intervenção com 14 jovens. Analisamos como as microrrelações, as macropolíticas, os aspectos institucionais e culturais contribuem para a ausência dos/as jovens na escola e no trabalho, o que se contrapõe às noções de que os investimentos necessários para a resolução do problema construído devem se dirigir, exclusivamente, à dimensão individual. Problematizamos as noções que convidam a pensar os/as jovens ditos/as nem nem como sujeitos vulneráveis e como grupo de risco, e destacamos sua construção como simulacro dos/as jovens que têm seus direitos negados cotidianamente.
A Garantia dos Direitos Infantojuvenis a partir da Concepção de Infância e Adolescência
Authors: Silva Ana Cristina Serafim da , Alberto Maria De Fátima Pereira
Published: July 2022

Este artigo objetiva analisar como a concepção de infância e adolescência adotada pelos atores sociais da Rede de Proteção norteia a atuação na garantia dos direitos das crianças e dos adolescentes. Adota-se, neste artigo, a teoria histórico-cultural de Vygotsky. Participaram 10 atores sociais que fazem parte do Sistema de Garantias de Direitos de uma cidade no Tocantins. Este é um estudo exploratório, em que se optou por uma abordagem qualitativa, utilizando-se da entrevista semiestruturada para coleta de dados. Para análise dos dados, utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo Temática de Bardin. Os resultados mostraram que o conceito de infância e adolescência está arraigado a uma concepção naturalizante e de desenvolvimento por etapas. Os sujeitos são tratados de maneira homogênea, desconsiderando-se suas particularidades. Percebe-se que o critério peculiar de sujeito em desenvolvimento é questionado e visto como um erro da lei, e que esta deveria considerar adultos e crianças com as mesmas obrigações e penalizações.
The use of digital devices by district nurses in their assessment of service users
Authors: Williams Francesca
Published: July 2022

District nursing services are relentless in adapting to change and continuously seek different methods to improve the care they offer to service users. One of the relatively new changes where adaptation has been necessary is the use of digital devices to record assessments and work in real time. As documented in The NHS Long Term Plan (NHS) (2019) , the NHS is being required to grow into the new digital age and, subsequently, district nurses (DNs) have needed to embrace the use of a paper-lite system. Although beneficial overall, the use of technology is a threat to the person-centred nursing approach used in assessment, which is the highest fundamental value in nursing. This article will seek to conceptualise the importance of a person-centred initial assessment with a service user who has either a long-term and/or a lifelong condition whilst considering the use of digital devices, benefits, and drawbacks of their use. It will emphasise the role of the DN, encompassing the multidisciplinary services throughout, whilst also considering any recommendations for further development.
Guided growth versus varus osteotomy for type II avascular necrosis following surgery for developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Hsu Po-Jen , Lee Chia-Che , Lin Sheng-Chieh , Kuo Ken N. , Wu Kuan-Wen , Wang Ting-Ming
Published: July 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to compare outcomes of guided growth and varus osteotomy in treating Kalamchi type II avascular necrosis (AVN) after open reduction and Pemberton acetabuloplasty for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods

This retrospective study reviewed patients undergoing guided growth or varus osteotomy for Kalamchi type II AVN between September 2009 and January 2019. All children who had undergone open reduction and Pemberton acetabuloplasty for DDH with a minimum two-year follow-up were enrolled in the study. Demographic and radiological data, which included the head-shaft angle (HSA), neck-shaft angle (NSA), articulotrochanteric distance (ATD), Sharp angle (SA), and lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA) at baseline, two years, and at the extended follow-up, were compared. Revision rates were evaluated. Clinical outcomes using the Harris Hip Score were assessed two years postoperatively.

Results

A total of 24 patients underwent guided growth and 19 underwent varus osteotomy, over a mean period of 3.3 years (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.8 to 3.8) and 5.2 years (95% CI 4.5 to 6.0), respectively. There were no differences in demographic and preoperative radiological data, except for a younger age at time of acetabuloplasty and larger ATD for the osteotomy group. The HSA did not differ at two years and the extended follow-up because of postoperative rebound in the osteotomy group. The NSA of the osteotomy group remained smaller postoperatively. There were no significant differences in the follow-up ATD, SA, and LCEA, except for a smaller two-year ATD of the osteotomy group. Seven patients (29.2%) in the guided growth group underwent revision surgery and none in the osteotomy group. The Harris Hip Score was similar between groups.

Conclusion

Guided growth and varus osteotomy had comparable results in improving caput valgum deformity, given the rebound of lateral tilting of the physis after osteotomy correction. There were no differences in clinical outcomes at two years postoperatively. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):902–908.
Modular dual-mobility articulations in patients with adverse spinopelvic mobility
Authors: Dhawan Rohit , Baré Jonathan V. , Shimmin Andrew
Published: July 2022

Aims

Adverse spinal motion or balance (spine mobility) and adverse pelvic mobility, in combination, are often referred to as adverse spinopelvic mobility (SPM). A stiff lumbar spine, large posterior standing pelvic tilt, and severe sagittal spinal deformity have been identified as risk factors for increased hip instability. Adverse SPM can create functional malposition of the acetabular components and hence is an instability risk. Adverse pelvic mobility is often, but not always, associated with abnormal spinal motion parameters. Dislocation rates for dual-mobility articulations (DMAs) have been reported to be between 0% and 1.1%. The aim of this study was to determine the early survivorship from the Australian Orthopaedic Association National Joint Replacement Registry (AOANJRR) of patients with adverse SPM who received a DMA.

Methods

A multicentre study was performed using data from 227 patients undergoing primary total hip arthroplasty (THA), enrolled consecutively. All the patients who had one or more adverse spine or pelvic mobility parameter had a DMA inserted at the time of their surgery. The mean age was 76 years (22 to 93) and 63% were female (n = 145). At a mean of 14 months (5 to 31) postoperatively, the AOANJRR was analyzed for follow-up information. Reasons for revision and types of revision were identified.

Results

The AOANJRR reported two revisions: one due to infection, and the second due to femoral component loosening. No revisions for dislocation were reported. One patient died with the prosthesis in situ. Kaplan-Meier survival rate was 99.1% (95% confidence interval 98.3 to 100) at 14 months (number at risk 104).

Conclusion

In our cohort of patients undergoing primary THA with one or more factor associated with adverse SPM, DM bearings conferred stability at two years’ follow-up. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):820–825.
A qualitative study of the impact of a periacetabular osteotomy on patients’ lives
Authors: Ferraro Samantha L. , Williams David N. , Millis Michael B.
Published: July 2022

Aims

The aim of this study was to understand the experience of mature patients who undergo a periacetabular osteotomy (PAO), a major hip-preserving surgical procedure that treats symptomatic hip dysplasia by realigning the acetabulum. Our aim was to improve our understanding of how the operation affected the lives of patients and their families, with a long-term goal of improving their experience.

Methods

We used a phenomenological approach with in-depth, semi-structured interviews to investigate the experience of seven female patients, aged between 25 and 40 years, who underwent a PAO. A modified homogeneity sampling approach coupled with criterion sampling was used. Inclusion criteria involved having at least one child at home and being in a committed relationship with a spouse or partner.

Results

Analysis of interview transcripts revealed five major themes: feelings of frustration before having a treatment plan; fear of the operation; the importance of understanding the procedure in order to feel in control of their care; feelings of helplessness, dependence, and depression during recovery; and the need for support during recovery.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that both the physical and psychosocial burdens of undergoing a PAO are great, with a major impact on the patient and their family. Many important issues lie outside the scope of what healthcare teams currently address. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2022;104-B(7):781–785.
Development of a procrastination scale in Spanish and measurement of education students’ procrastination levels
Authors: Monroy Fuensanta , González-Geraldo José Luis
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCTION. Academic procrastination is a widely extended phenomenon in education, especially among university students, which consists of deliberately putting off or completely avoiding an activity under one’s control. High levels of procrastination are related to poor academic performance and dropout intentions, as well as other psychological features such as impulsiveness, distractibility, depression and sensation-seeking, and a lack of self-control, of self-efficacy, of organization and of self-esteem. In Spain research on this topic is scarce and to date not a single validated and widely accepted instrument to measure academic procrastination levels at university level has been developed. The aim of this research study was 1) to develop a procrastionation scale in Spanish language to be used on college students, and 2) to measure theprocrastination levels of education students. METHOD. Data were collected from a sample of 499 Spanish education college students with a Likert scale. RESULTS. The results showed a 24-item version of the Escala de Procrastinación Académica en español (EPAE) with excellent reliability (.908), which may be used to measure students’  procrastination tendencies. Cluster analysis revealed four groups depending on students’ procrastination level (low, low-medium, medium, above medium). Over 76% of the sample had low and low-medium procrastination levels, whilemore than 23% reported medium levels, while not a single student showed higher procrastination levels. DISCUSSION. These results point at a need for further researching this topic in Spain by making use of the validated and reliable scale presented here, which may help to monitor student learning. By designing interventions targeted at high procrastinators, the risk of dropout and low academic performance may be reduced.
Decolonising community social work: contributions of front-line professional resistances from a Mapuche perspective
Authors: Muñoz-Arce Gianinna , Rain Alicia
Published: July 2022

Since the return to democracy in the 1990s, community programmes in Chile have been pervaded by the neoliberal and neo-colonial approaches of social policies promoted by the state and supranational organisations, such as the World Bank. In this article, we examine the possibilities of front-line community social workers dismantling such a hegemonic rationale. Drawing upon the contributions of Latin American decolonial thought, we argue that social workers are able to exert resistance on the individual, competitive and instrumental approaches underlying their community interventions by decolonising their understandings and professional practices, and by being involved in collective political action. An exploration of Mapuche philosophy is offered as a means to illustrate some key dimensions in order to scrutinise community interventions and challenge the traditional mainstream Western and Eurocentric notions of community, knowledge and professional bonds and encounters. These proposals apply when working not only with culturally different populations, but also with all those subaltern groups oppressed by the neoliberal and neo-colonial rationale, in the interest of contributing to cognitive justice – another dimension of social justice.
Young, gifted and black: the intersectionality of race, intellectual disability and neurodivergence
Authors: Udonsi Patience
Published: July 2022

This article critically examines the impact of health and social care provision on separated categories of race, disability and neurodivergence. It deconstructs the racist impacts of the neoliberal individual budgets agenda as experienced by a young Black African person with intellectual disabilities and autism, living as a second-generation migrant in the UK. This article highlights intersectional methodological and practice implications for health and social care provision within England and Wales. The erasure of intersectional race, intellectual disability and neurodivergent identities in UK health and social care policies and practice procedures results in the invisibility, misrecognition and consequential misdiagnosis of the intersectional complexities of the needs and entitlements of young black people. The convergence of racist, disablist and elitist neoliberal agendas is identified as leading to increased risks of incarceration for young black people with intellectual disabilities and autism. The specificity of the individual needs of young black people with intellectual disabilities and autism demand anti-racist approaches that confront the assumption that Black African families in the UK ‘look after their own’ and require minimal social care involvement.
Continuing to fight the beast of the apocalypse: final reasons for a Critical Political Economy approach to Global Political Economy
Authors: Wigger Angela
Published: July 2022

Critical Political Economy is a transdisciplinary field of enquiry that is gaining ever more popularity among scholars and activists alike. In addition to analysing social power relations that revolve around how humans collectively organise production and social reproduction over time and space, Critical Political Economy also problematises the resulting social inequalities and asymmetrical manifestations in private and public (state-)institutional settings. Particularly the various forms of exploitation that are constitutive to the continuation of global capitalism are brought into question rather than accepted as givens. Critical Political Economy not only offers a particular way of understanding the world, but also seeks to produce knowledge that allows for social emancipation and that ultimately contributes to the politicisation and the resilience of social struggles. Thus, while giving ontological primacy to the negative, Critical Political Economy is essentially committed to a positive ontology by animating and awakening radical imagination about alternative futures.
Displacement sensing in a multimode SNAP microcavity by an artificial neural network
Authors: Dong Yongchao , Sun Penghui , Zeng Xueliang , Wang Jiebo , Li Yongkang , Wang Mengyu , Wang Han
Published: July 2022

Benefiting from the coupling between the Surface Nanoscale Axial Photonics (SNAP) microcavity and the waveguide, i.e., influenced by their abrupt field overlap, multiple axial modes in the transmission spectrum form a functional relationship with the coupling position, thus enabling displacement sensing. However, this functional relationship is complex and nonlinear, which is difficult to be fitted using analytical methods. We introduce a back-propagation neural network (BPNN) to model this functional relationship. The numerical results show that the multimode sensing scheme has great potential for practical large-range, high-precision displacement sensing platforms compared with the single-mode sensing based on the whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonators.
Plasmonic distributed feedback lasing in an anodic aluminum oxide/silver/polymer hybrid membrane
Authors: Feng Chao , Tong Junhua , Cui Libin , Zhao Yan , Zhai Tianrui
Published: July 2022

A hybrid membrane is employed as a high-order plasmonic distributed feedback (DFB) cavity to reduce the lasing threshold of polymer lasers. The hybrid membrane consists of an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane, a 25 nm thick silver layer and a free-standing polymer membrane. The AAO membrane is fabricated by a low-cost, single chemical etching method. Then, a layer of silver with a thickness of 25 nm is sputtered on the surface of the AAO. Subsequently, a polymer membrane is directly attached to the silver-plated AAO membrane, forming an AAO/silver/polymer hybrid membrane. Under optical pumping conditions, low-threshold, three-order DFB lasing is observed. The proposed laser device exhibited a dual-threshold characteristic because of the evolution from amplified spontaneous emission to DFB lasing. And a significant shift from omnidirectional emission to directional emission lasing can be observed while the pump energy density is beyond the second threshold. Furthermore, the plasmonic enhancement sourced from silver corrugation reveals important improvement effects to the DFB lasing of AAO/silver/polymer hybrid membrane for decreasing threshold, narrowing full width at half maximum (FWHM), and an increasing Q factor. This work may promote the design and production of low-cost and large-area high-order plasmonic DFB polymer lasers.
Femtosecond laser writing of waveguides in zinc oxide crystals: fabrication and mode modulation
Authors: Shen Yiming , Wu Bo , Liu Weijie , Zhu Han , Zhang Bin , Lu Qingming , Ren Yingying , Chen Feng
Published: July 2022

We report for the first time on optical waveguides in zinc oxide (ZnO) crystals fabricated by femtosecond laser direct writing. The confocal Raman microscopy under 488 nm laser excitation is used to investigate the micro-modifications of the laser irradiation, and guiding properties are studied via the end-face coupling at 632.8 nm. The mode modulation has been achieved by the adjustment of laser writing parameters. A minimum propagation loss of ∼6 dB/cm is obtained for the double-line waveguide structures. A Y-branch waveguide beam splitter is also fabricated, reaching a splitting ratio of nearly 1:1. The original optical properties in the guiding region have been well preserved, according to the confocal Raman investigation, which suggests potential applications of the ZnO waveguides for integrated photonics and nonlinear optics.
Diffractive optical system design by cascaded propagation
Authors: Ferdman Boris , Saguy Alon , Xiao Dafei , Shechtman Yoav
Published: July 2022

Modern design of complex optical systems relies heavily on computational tools. These frequently use geometrical optics as well as Fourier optics. Fourier optics is typically used for designing thin diffractive elements, placed in the system’s aperture, generating a shift-invariant Point Spread Function (PSF). A major bottleneck in applying Fourier Optics in many cases of interest, e.g. when dealing with multiple, or out-of-aperture elements, comes from numerical complexity. In this work, we propose and implement an efficient and differentiable propagation model based on the Collins integral, which enables the optimization of diffractive optical systems with unprecedented design freedom using backpropagation. We demonstrate the applicability of our method, numerically and experimentally, by engineering shift-variant PSFs via thin plate elements placed in arbitrary planes inside complex imaging systems, performing cascaded optimization of multiple planes, and designing optimal machine-vision systems by deep learning.
Femto-strain resolution fiber-optic sensing with an ultra-simple white-light round trip filtering method
Authors: Zhao Shuangxiang , Liu Qingwen , Liu Yuanyuan , He Zuyuan
Published: July 2022

In the past decade, laser-driven resonant fiber-optic sensors (RFOSs) have been reported touching their ultimate resolution limit. The practicability of these high-performance sensors is, however, discounted because of high system complexity and dependence on narrow-linewidth lasers. In this paper, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, white-light-driven RFOS is established based on a round trip filtering (RTF) method. Via measuring the RTF loss of an add-drop fiber ring resonator (FRR) sensor, strain signal can be read out with an ultra-simple open-loop configuration. In the sensing experiment, even a resolution of several femto-strain around 1 kHz is demonstrated, representing the highest resolution level of RFOS to date. Thanks to the obvious superiority in both resolution, simplicity, and cost over traditional laser-driven RFOSs, the proposed white-light-driven RFOS is believed to be a milestone in the development of fiber-optic strain sensors.
High-resolution ghost imaging through complex scattering media via a temporal correction
Authors: Xiao Yin , Zhou Lina , Chen Wen
Published: July 2022

In this Letter, we propose high-resolution ghost imaging (GI) through complex scattering media using temporal correction. We provide evidence that the theoretical description about GI based on spatially correlated beams is still incomplete and cannot work in complex scenarios. We complete the description of temporal correction of beam correlations in GI. The optical experiments demonstrate that high-resolution ghost images can always be retrieved by using the rectified temporally corrected beam correlation algorithm even in complex, dynamic, and highly strong scattering environments where conventional GI cannot work. By using the proposed method, the quality of the retrieved ghost images through complex scattering media can be enhanced effectively as the number of realizations increases, which cannot be achieved by conventional GI. The established general framework provides optical insights beyond the current understanding of GI, and the rectified theory and experimental results would represent a key step toward applications of GI over a wide range of free-space wave propagation environments.
Clarification for the fields of different radially polarized Laguerre–Gaussian light beams
Authors: Jolly Spencer W. , Porras Miguel A.
Published: July 2022

Radially polarized light beams have found many applications in particle manipulation, laser processing, and microscopy. Just as with linear polarization, radially polarized light beams can have higher-order transverse modes that involve Laguerre polynomials. Fields of a radially polarized Laguerre–Gaussian light beam have been calculated before, even beyond the paraxial approximation. However, there are in fact multiple solutions to the paraxial wave equation that involve Laguerre polynomials with different properties and propagation characteristics. We therefore clarify the discrepancies among three valid radially polarized solutions to the paraxial wave equation that involve Laguerre polynomials.
On-chip low-loss all-optical MoSe2 modulator
Authors: Alaloul Mohammed , Khurgin Jacob B. , Al-Ani Ibrahim , As’ham Khalil , Huang Lujun , Hattori Haroldo T. , Miroshnichenko Andrey E.
Published: July 2022

Monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), like MoS2, MoSe2, WS2, and WSe2, feature direct bandgaps, strong spin–orbit coupling, and exciton–polariton interactions at the atomic scale, which could be harnessed for efficient light emission, valleytronics, and polaritonic lasing, respectively. Nevertheless, to build next-generation photonic devices that make use of these features, it is first essential to model the all-optical control mechanisms in TMDCs. Herein, a simple model is proposed to quantify the performance of a 35-

μ

m-long Si3N4 waveguide-integrated all-optical MoSe2 modulator. Using this model, a switching energy of 14.6 pJ is obtained for a transverse-magnetic (TM) and transverse-electric (TE) polarized pump signals at λ = 480 nm. Moreover, maximal extinction ratios of 20.6 dB and 20.1 dB are achieved for a TM and TE polarized probe signal, respectively, at λ = 500 nm with an ultra-low insertion loss of <0.3 dB. Moreover, the device operates with an ultrafast recovery time of 50 ps, while maintaining a high extinction ratio for practical applications. These findings facilitate modeling and designing novel TMDC-based photonic devices.
Optical responses of Fano resonators in non-spectral parametric domains
Authors: Kumar Singh Ankit , Huang Jer-Shing
Published: July 2022

Fano resonance observed in various classical and quantum systems features an asymmetric spectral line shape. For designing nanoresonators for monochromatic applications, it is beneficial to describe Fano resonance in non-spectral parametric domains of critical structural parameters. We develop an analytical model of the parametric Fano profile based on a coupled harmonic oscillator model and theoretically demonstrate its application in describing the optical response of a series of waveguided plasmonic crystals of varying periodicity. The developed parametric Fano model may find applications in the design of monochromatic and spectrometer-free nanodevices.
Private correlated random bit generation based on synchronized wideband physical entropy sources with hybrid electro-optic nonlinear transformation
Authors: Gao Zhensen , Wu Sile , Deng Zhitao , Huang Chuyun , Gao Xulin , Fu Songnian , Li Zhaohui , Wang Yuncai , Qin Yuwen
Published: July 2022

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel, to the best of our knowledge, private correlated random bit generation (CRBG) scheme based on commonly driven induced synchronization of two wideband physical entropy sources, which employs an open-loop distributed feedback laser followed by a hybrid electro-optic nonlinear transformation hardware module for effective bandwidth expansion and privacy enhancement. A Mach–Zehnder interferometer followed by an electro-optic self-feedback phase modulation loop as well as a dispersion element are constructed as a private hardware module to perform post-processing and nonlinear transformation of the synchronized signal. A record high rate of 5.2-Gb/s CRBG is successfully achieved between two synchronized wideband physical entropy sources with an enhanced entropy source rate and hardware key space. The demonstrated scheme may provide a new way for CRBG in future high speed secure communication systems.
A structured model and likelihood approach to estimate yeast prion propagon replication rates and their asymmetric transmission
Authors: Santiago Fabian , Sindi Suzanne
Published: July 2022

Prion proteins cause a variety of fatal neurodegenerative diseases in mammals but are generally harmless to Baker’s yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This makes yeast an ideal model organism for investigating the protein dynamics associated with these diseases. The rate of disease onset is related to both the replication and transmission kinetics of propagons, the transmissible agents of prion diseases. Determining the kinetic parameters of propagon replication in yeast is complicated because the number of propagons in an individual cell depends on the intracellular replication dynamics and the asymmetric division of yeast cells within a growing yeast cell colony. We present a structured population model describing the distribution and replication of prion propagons in an actively dividing population of yeast cells. We then develop a likelihood approach for estimating the propagon replication rate and their transmission bias during cell division. We first demonstrate our ability to correctly recover known kinetic parameters from simulated data, then we apply our likelihood approach to estimate the kinetic parameters for six yeast prion variants using propagon recovery data. We find that, under our modeling framework, all variants are best described by a model with an asymmetric transmission bias. This demonstrates the strength of our framework over previous formulations assuming equal partitioning of intracellular constituents during cell division.
Microencapsulation of carvacrol as an efficient tool to fight Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis biofilms
Authors: Mechmechani Samah , Gharsallaoui Adem , Fadel Alexandre , El Omari Khaled , Khelissa Simon , Hamze Monzer , Chihib Nour-Eddine
Published: July 2022

Biofilms are involved in serious problems in medical and food sectors due to their contribution to numerous severe chronic infections and foodborne diseases. The high resistance of biofilms to antimicrobial agents makes their removal as a big challenge. In this study, spray-drying was used to develop microcapsules containing carvacrol, a natural antimicrobial agent, to enhance its activity againstP.aeruginosaandE.faecalisbiofilms. The physicochemical properties and microscopic morphology of the realized capsules and cells were characterized. The minimum inhibitory concentration of encapsulated carvacrol (E-CARV) (1.25 mg mL-1) was 4-times lower than that of free carvacrol (F-CARV) (5 mg mL-1) againstP.aeruginosa, while it remained the same againstE.faecalis(0.625 mg mL-1). E-CARV was able to reduce biofilm below the detection limit forP.aeruginosaand by 5.5 log CFU ml-1forE.faecalisafter 15 min of treatment. Results also showed that F-CARV and E-CARV destabilize the bacterial cell membrane leading to cell death. These results indicate that carvacrol exhibited a strong antimicrobial effect against both bacterial biofilms. In addition, spray-drying could be used as an effective tool to enhance the antibiofilm activity of carvacrol, while reducing the concentrations required for disinfection of abiotic surfaces.