bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the accuracy of diagnoses of oral potentially malignant disorders with dysplasia by a general dental clinician and a specialist using the Taiwanese Nationwide Oral Mucosal Screening Program
Authors: Chiang Tien-En , Lin Yu-Chun , Wu Chi-Tsung , Yang Cheng-Yu , Wu Sheng-Tang , Chen Yuan-Wu
Published: January 2021

Screening for oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs) with dysplasia in high-risk groups is suggested in countries with a high prevalence of the disorders. This study aimed to compare the accuracy of diagnoses of OPMDs with dysplasia made by a primary examiner (general dental clinician) and a specialist (oral and maxillofacial surgeon) using the current Taiwanese Nationwide Oral Mucosal Screening Program (TNOMSP). A total of 134 high-risk participants were enrolled for oral mucosal screening via the TNOMSP. A primary examiner and a specialist examined each participant. Mucosal biopsies were obtained and subjected to histopathological analysis. The OPMD most frequently diagnosed by the primary examiner was thin homogeneous leukoplakia (48/134; 35.8%), and in 39/134 participants (29.1%) the diagnosis was uncertain, but abnormalities were suggested. The OPMDs most frequently diagnosed by the specialist were erythroleukoplakia (23/134; 17.2%) and thin homogeneous leukoplakia (21/134; 15.7%), and 51/134 participants (38.1%) were diagnosed with other diseases. Via histopathology, 70/134 participants (52.3%) were diagnosed with dysplasia, and 58/134 (43.3%) were diagnosed with benign conditions. The specialist’s diagnoses exhibited a higher specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy than the primary examiners. A specialist using the current TNOMSP for high-risk participants diagnosed OPMDs with dysplasia more accurately than a primary examiner. Early diagnosis of high-risk OPMDs is crucial in countries with a high prevalence of the disorders. Proficient examination via the current TNOMSP by trained clinician is effective for the management of OPMDs with dysplasia.
Collapse and continuity: A multi-proxy reconstruction of settlement organization and population trajectories in the Northern Fertile Crescent during the 4.2kya Rapid Climate Change event
Authors: Lawrence Dan , Palmisano Alessio , de Gruchy Michelle W.
Published: January 2021

The rise and fall of ancient societies have been attributed to rapid climate change events. One of the most discussed of these is the 4.2kya event, a period of increased aridity and cooling posited as the cause of societal changes across the globe, including the collapse of the Akkadian Empire in Mesopotamia. Studies seeking to correlate social and climatic changes around the 4.2kya event have tended to focus either on highly localized analyses of specific sites or surveys or more synthetic overviews at pan-continental scales, and temporally on the event and its aftermath. Here we take an empirical approach at a large spatial scale to investigate trends in population and settlement organization across the entirety of Northern Fertile Crescent (Northern Mesopotamia and the Northern Levant) from 6,000 to 3,000 cal BP. We use Summed Probability Distributions of radiocarbon dates and data from eighteen archaeological surveys as proxies for population, and a dataset of all settlements over ten hectares in size as a proxy for the degree of urbanization. The goal is to examine the spatial and temporal impact of the 4.2kya event and to contextualize it within longer term patterns of settlement. We find that negative trends are visible during the event horizon in all three proxies. However, these occur against a long-term trend of increased population and urbanization supported through unsustainable overshoot and the exploitation of a drier zone with increased risk of crop failure. We argue that the 4.2kya event occurred during a period of unprecedented urban and rural growth which may have been unsustainable even without an exogenous climate forcing.
Costs of continuing RTS,S/ASO1E malaria vaccination in the three malaria vaccine pilot implementation countries
Authors: Baral Ranju , Levin Ann , Odero Chris , Pecenka Clint , Tabu Collins , Mwendo Evans , Bonsu George , Bawa John , Dadzie John Frederick , Charo Joyce , Antwi-Agyei Kwadwo Odei , Amponsa-Achianou Kwame , Jalango Rose Eddah , Mkisi Rouden , Gordon Scott , Mzengeza Temwa , Morgan Winthrop , Muhib Farzana
Published: January 2021

Background

The RTS,S/ASO1E malaria vaccine is being piloted in three countries—Ghana, Kenya, and Malawi—as part of a coordinated evaluation led by the World Health Organization, with support from global partners. This study estimates the costs of continuing malaria vaccination upon completion of the pilot evaluation to inform decision-making and planning around potential further use of the vaccine in pilot areas.

Methods

We used an activity-based costing approach to estimate the incremental costs of continuing to deliver four doses of RTS,S/ASO1E through the existing Expanded Program on Immunization platform, from each government’s perspective. The RTS,S/ASO1E pilot introduction plans were reviewed and adapted to identify activities for costing. Key informant interviews with representatives from Ministries of Health (MOH) were conducted to inform the activities, resource requirements, and assumptions that, in turn, inform the analysis. Both financial and economic costs per dose, cost of delivery per dose, and cost per fully vaccinated child (FVC) are estimated and reported in 2017 USD units.

Results

At a vaccine price of $5 per dose and assuming the vaccine is donor-funded, our estimated incremental financial costs range from $1.70 (Kenya) to $2.44 (Malawi) per dose, $0.23 (Malawi) to $0.71 (Kenya) per dose delivered (excluding procurement add-on costs), and $11.50 (Ghana) to $13.69 (Malawi) per FVC. Estimates of economic costs per dose are between three and five times higher than financial costs. Variations in activities used for costing, procurement add-on costs, unit costs of per diems, and allowances contributed to differences in cost estimates across countries.

Conclusion

Cost estimates in this analysis are meant to inform country decision-makers as they face the question of whether to continue malaria vaccination, should the intervention receive a positive recommendation for broader use. Additionally, important cost drivers for vaccine delivery are highlighted, some of which might be influenced by global and country-specific financing and existing procurement mechanisms. This analysis also adds to the evidence available on vaccine delivery costs for products delivered outside the standard immunization schedule.
Phylogenetic diversity, trichothecene potential, and pathogenicity within Fusarium sambucinum species complex
Authors: Laraba Imane , McCormick Susan P. , Vaughan Martha M. , Geiser David M. , O’Donnell Kerry
Published: January 2021

The Fusarium sambucinum species complex (FSAMSC) is one of the most taxonomically challenging groups of fusaria, comprising prominent mycotoxigenic plant pathogens and other species with various lifestyles. Among toxins produced by members of the FSAMSC, trichothecenes pose the most significant threat to public health. Herein a global collection of 171 strains, originating from diverse hosts or substrates, were selected to represent FSAMSC diversity. This strain collection was used to assess their species diversity, evaluate their potential to produce trichothecenes, and cause disease on wheat. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses of a combined 3-gene dataset used to infer evolutionary relationships revealed that the 171 strains originally received as 48 species represent 74 genealogically exclusive phylogenetically distinct species distributed among six strongly supported clades: Brachygibbosum, Graminearum, Longipes, Novel, Sambucinum, and Sporotrichioides. Most of the strains produced trichothecenes in vitro but varied in type, indicating that the six clades correspond to type A, type B, or both types of trichothecene-producing lineages. Furthermore, five strains representing two putative novel species within the Sambucinum Clade produced two newly discovered type A trichothecenes, 15-keto NX-2 and 15-keto NX-3. Strains of the two putatively novel species together with members of the Graminearum Clade were aggressive toward wheat when tested for pathogenicity on heads of the susceptible cultivar Apogee. In planta, the Graminearum Clade strains produced nivalenol or deoxynivalenol and the aggressive Sambucinum Clade strains synthesized NX-3 and 15-keto NX-3. Other strains within the Brachygibbosum, Longipes, Novel, Sambucinum, and Sporotrichioides Clades were nonpathogenic or could infect the inoculated floret without spreading within the head. Moreover, most of these strains did not produce any toxin in the inoculated spikelets. These data highlight aggressiveness toward wheat appears to be influenced by the type of toxin produced and that it is not limited to members of the Graminearum Clade.
Short-term storage of tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) spermatozoa: The effect of collection type, temperature and time
Authors: Gillis Amanda B. , Guy Emmet L. , Kouba Andrew J. , Allen Peter J. , Marcec-Greaves Ruth M. , Kouba Carrie K.
Published: January 2021

The aims of this project were to characterize tiger salamander (Ambystoma tigrinum) spermatozoa motility over time, when excreted as either milt or spermic urine prior to packaging into a spermatophore, and to determine the effect of temperature on sperm motility. A split-plot design was utilized to assess the motility of the two pre-spermatophore sample types at two temperatures, 0°C and 20°C (n = 10 for each treatment). Spermiation was induced through exogenous hormone treatment of luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog in order to collect both milt and spermic urine, which were evaluated for motility, divided into two separate aliquots, and subsequently stored in either an ice-bath (0°C) or on the benchtop (20°C). The decay rate of sperm motility was assessed by reevaluating subsamples at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, and 24 hours following the initial assessment. Results showed that sperm stored at 0°C had significantly higher progressive, non-progressive, and total motility for both sperm collection types over time. An interaction was found between collection type and time, with milt exhibiting lower initial motility that was more sustainable over time, compared to spermic urine. For both milt and spermic urine, motility decreased rapidly with storage duration, indicating samples should be used as soon as possible to maximize motility forin-vitrofertilization and cryopreservation. This is the first study to describe the differences in sperm motility between milt and spermic urine from an internally fertilizing caudate and demonstrates the benefits of near freezing temperatures on sperm longevity.
A comprehensive investigation of the reaction behaviorial features of coke with different CRIs in the simulated cohesive zone of a blast furnace
Authors: Lv Qing Q. , Tian Yong S. , Zhou Jun L. , Ren Hua W. , Wang Guang H.
Published: January 2021

The reaction characteristics and mechanism of coke with different coke reactivity indices (CRIs) in the high-temperature zone of a blast furnace should be fully understood to correctly evaluate the coke quality and optimize ironmaking. In this work, low-CRI coke (coke A) and high-CRI coke (coke B) were charged into a thermogravimetric analyzer to separately study their microstructural changes, gasification characteristics, and reaction mechanism under simulated cohesive zone conditions in a blast furnace. The results show that both coke A and coke B underwent pyrolysis, polycondensation, and graphitization during the heat treatment. The pyrolysis, polycondensation, gasification speed, and dissolution speed rates of coke B were higher than those of coke A. Direct and indirect reduction between sinter and coke occurred in the cohesive zone and had different stages. The consumption rate of coke B was faster than that of coke A during the coke–sinter reduction. The carbon molecules of coke A must absorb more energy to break away from the skeleton than those of coke B.
Zelulosa biopolimeroaren propietate molekularrak argiratzen
Authors: Usabiaga Imanol , Parra Maider , Insausti Aran , Camiruaga Ander , Veloso Antonio , Fernández José Andrés
Published: January 2021

Zelulosa munduko biopolimerorik ugariena da, eta egiturak sortzeko erabiltzen du naturak. Ikerketa honetan, polimero honi buruzko ezagutza zabaltzeko zenbait kalkulu eta esperimentu proposatu dira. Propietate makroskopikoak propietate molekular eta molekula-arteko askoren nahasketaren ondorioa dira: horiek isolatzea eta gure mesederako erabiltzea da helburua. Laser-espektroskopia erabiliz, glukosa monomeroaren eta konplexuen ikerketa egin da, hauek gas eran izoztuta eta isolatuta daudelarik. Hemendik lortutako informazioa emaitza konputazionalekin zuzenean alderatu daitekeenez, kalkulu-metodorik egokiena aukeratu da. Azkenik, metodo teoriko honen bidez, zelulosaren kateak eta haien arteko elkarrekintzak argitu dira. Ikerketa honen bidez zenbait ezaugarri ikusi dira, haien artean b-glukosaren egitura zapalak hidrogeno lotura gehiago eta eraginkorragoak sortzeko duen gaitasuna duela.
Report on Seismic Damage of Lifts and Escalators by Large Earthquakes in Japan
Authors: Minagawa Keisuke
Published: January 2021

The devastating earthquake of Mw9.0, so-called the Great East Japan Earthquake, hit the Tohoku district, north east part of Japan on March 11, 2011.  About 16,000 people died and 2,500 people were missing by the strong motion and tsunami, and the economic damage was estimated about 16.9 trillion yen in addition to the influence by the nuclear accident of Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant.  In addition to the main shock, many strong aftershocks occurred in the long term.  After that, strong near-field earthquakes called the Kumamoto Earthquake and the North Osaka Earthquake occurred in 2016 and 2018.  Many lifts and escalators were damaged in these earthquakes as well as building structures, industrial facilities and so on.  Therefore, this paper reports seismic damage of lifts and escalators by large earthquakes in Japan.  At first, changes of the Seismic Design Guideline in Japan are introduced.  Then a summary of the damage regarding the lifts and escalators was provided in order to confirm effectiveness of Seismic Design Guideline and to contribute improvement of the seismic design for forthcoming destructive earthquakes.  The damage is analysed from the viewpoint of causes, the edition of Seismic Design Guideline and so on.  Although the many of the buildings were hit by massive earthquakes, the damage of the lifts and escalators to be designed according to the Seismic Design Guideline was suppressed to certain level, and the effectiveness of the Seismic Design Guideline was confirmed.
Analytical RTT Estimation of a 3-D Elevator System by Exact Stop Positions - Extension to Multi-floor and Non-uniform Population Applications
Authors: So Albert Ting Pat
Published: January 2021

3-dimensional (3-D) elevator systems will be the industrial trend. Traditionally, designers first perform a calculation on traffic analysis to get an overall concept and then go ahead to carry out simulation to obtain details. This tradition is still maintained throughout the world. In one previous article, a “Scanner” approach was adopted to convert a 2-D or 3-D path of scanning to a 1-dimensional line and a sophisticated origin/destination stops matrix was generated to calculate the round trip time (RTT). A probability matrix was generated with an assumption that only one floor was served in one round trip. In a more recent article, by using order statistics, a method to break down a series of repeatable stops in a 3-D system into several series of non-repeatable stops was developed for easy reasoning by designers. Here, a uniform population distribution of all potential stops and a single floor service were assumed. In this article, by following the concept of the most recent article, RTT calculation could be extended to non-uniform population distribution of stops and multi-floor applications which may be the most general approach to calculate the RTT of a truly 3-D elevator system.
STRUCTURE AND SORPTION PROPERTIES OF ACTIVATED CARBON BASED ON PINE BARK CARBONIZATS
Authors: Veprikova Evgeniya Vladimirovna , Ivanov Ivan Petrovich
Published: January 2021

The dates about effect of temperature of carbonizats obtaining from pine bark on evolution of a porous structure and sorption properties of the activated carbons, synthesized by the method of thermoalkaline activation in the presence of КОН were presented. It was determined, that for preparation of activated carbons with the greatest specific surface (1421 and 1655 m2/g) and micropores volume (0.58 и 0.71 sm3/g) pine bark carbonizats reasonable to obtain at temperature 300 and 400 °С correspondingly. The correlation of a iodine sorption with volume of micropores width 0.73–3.0 nm (R2=0.964) and a methylene blue sorption with volume of micropores width 0.84–2.0 nm (R2=0.995), which present in the activated carbons structure, was established. It was shown, that low capacity of the activated carbons to vitamin B12 sorption determine by low mesopores volume with width ≥5 nm (no more than 0.0014 sm3/g). It was shown, that the activated carbon based on carbonizat obtained at 400 °С demonstrates a maximal sorption capacity to a iodine and a methylene blue (1.57 g/g и 697.1 mg/g correspondingly), that in 1.4 and 2.7 times exceeds the dates of an industrial activated carbon for medical purposes.
ON THE INFLUENCE OF LAW ON MORALITY
Authors: Sinkin K.A. , Emelyanova D.A.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of the interaction between law and morality and especially whenlaw influences on morality. The influence of law on morality has two opposite sides. On the one hand, lawdefenses morality but on the other hand, law alters morality. The author of the article marks that suchalteration has negative trend according to which law approves immoral behavior as conformist or marginal.On the basis of analysis of certain legal rules and historical examples the author shows different possibilitiesof the interaction between law and morality and especially the influence of law on morality. There is aconclusion in the article according to which it is highly important to form legal system of Russia based onmorality.
REFLECTION OF INTERNATIONAL NORMS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERAL AND REGIONAL LEGISLATION ON PHYSICAL CULTURE AND SPORTS
Authors: Kovalenko E.Y. , Tydykova N.V. , Kusainova A.K.
Published: January 2021

The article lists some international acts that are devoted to the regulation of issues of physical cultureand sports. It is noted that Russian legislation at both federal and regional levels reflects the main provisionsformulated in the named international acts. On specific examples, it was demonstrated that in the Russiannational legislation on physical culture and sports, such aspects as: the place of sports in the educationsystem, the safety of participants and spectators during sports events, the prevention of doping, and thepopularization of sports are being successfully developed. It is noted that the Russian legislation in the fieldof physical culture and sports is at the stage of formation, therefore, the achievement of priority tasks makesit possible to formulate new ones, which requires the inclusion of other ideas in the regulatory framework.The authors believe that it would be advisable to strengthen the idea of combating discrimination onvarious grounds in sports, to consolidate the norms on the moral and ethical foundations of sports, to createguarantees for athletes from political and commercial exploitation, to consolidate the principles of globalismand preservation of the environment.
Favourable Outcome in Pediatric Neurosurgery for Extra Dural Hematoma in Sub Sahara Africa: Report of Parakou University Hospital in the Benin Republic
Authors: K Quenum , Oh Fatigba , Yp Houndje , C Tchegnonsi , T Alihonou , Wa Guedjo
Published: January 2021

Introduction
The extra dural hematoma is a blood collection between the cranial vault and the dura mater. It is a neurosurgical emergency whose statistical data are poorly known in the Republic of Benin.

Objective
The aims of this study are to assess epidemiology, therapeutic and outcome of traumatic extra dural hematomas for children admitted to the surgical department of CHUD-B/A from 2012 to 2017.

Methods
This was a cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study over a period from January 1st, 2012 to December 31st, 2017.

Results
One hundred and seventy-eight cases of children aged between 0-15 years were examined for brain traumatic injury. Twenty-seven 27 (15.2%) cases of extra dural hematomas were retained. The most represented age group was between 11-15 years with a frequency of 42.1%. The male sex was more represented (78.9%). Road traffic accidents were the main aetiology (57.9%). 52.6% had a mild head injury, 26.3% had a moderate head injury and 21.1% had a severe head injury. On brain scan the frequently observed location was temporo-parietal (31.6%). Acute anemia was observed in 16 children. Seventeen children were operated on. The operation involved evacuation of extra dural hematoma by cranial bone flap with suspension of the dura mater. There were no deaths.

Conclusion
The availability of brain CT makes the diagnosis of extra dural hematoma easier. Its management is neurosurgical with a favourable post-operative evolution in all cases in this series.
Comparative study of glucagon and insulin tests for diagnostics of secondary adrenal insufficiency and growth hormone deficiency in children and adolescents
Authors: Vitebskaya A. V. , Pisareva E. A. , Popovich A. V.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Diagnostics of growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and secondary adrenal insufficiency (SAI) is based on estimation of peak GH and cortisol concentrations in provocation tests. Russian consensus on diagnostics and treatment of hypopituitarism in children and adolescences recommends to measure GH and cortisol concentrations in every time-point of insulin test (IT). Glucagon test (GT) is discussed in literature as alternative to IT.AIMS: To estimate the possibility to use provocation GT for diagnostics of SAI and GHD in children and adolescents.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We investigated blood and urine cortisol levels, IT, and GT in 20 patients 6.5–17.8 years (Me 13.0 (10.4; 15.3)) after surgery and/or radiology and/or chemical therapy of head and neck tumors; remission for 0.4–7.5 years (Ме 2.1 (1.5; 5.2)).RESULTS: With cut-off point 550 nmol/L sensitivity and specifity of IT was 100% and 60%, GT — 100% and 53% respectively. Minimal cortisol cut-off level for GT with sensitivity 100% was 500 nmol/L, maximal with specifity 100% — 400 nmol/L.Early morning cortisol levels did not exceed 250 nmol/l in 2 patients with SAI; and were above 500 nmol/l in 8 patients without SAI while primary or repeated examination.GHD was reviled by IT in all patients. Maximal GH concentrations in GT and IT did not differ significantly (p>0.05) but GT results of 4 patients exceeded or met cut-off for this test (7 ng/ml).GT was characterized by less severity compared with IT.CONCLUSIONS: For diagnostics of SAI by GT we can advise cut-off points of cortisol level 500 (sensitivity 100%, specifty 53%) and 400 nmol/L (sensitivity 80%, specifity 100%). Measuring of cortisol levels in 2–3 early morning blood samples allows to exclude or to suspect SAI in half of patients before tests. GH peaks in GT can exceed similarly data in IT that needs future investigation.
Was ist Selftracking?
Authors: Plohr Nikola
Published: January 2021

Was ist eigentlich Selftracking? Dieser Frage nachspürend, autoethnografisch und nahkörperlich forschend, zeichnet Nikola Plohr Erfahrungen mit der technologisierten Selbstvermessung nach. Dabei verschränken sich medienwissenschaftliche, körper- und sportsoziologische Perspektiven mit Tagebucheinträgen und Beobachtungen aus der Bewegung heraus. Wer sich schon immer gefragt hat, was die Faszination des Selftrackings ausmacht, findet hier Antworten, Kritik und neue Fragen, die sich zwischen Theorie und Alltagserfahrung bewegen.
Configuring the Objective Function of A Model Predictive Controller for An Integrated Thermal-Electrical Decentral Renewable Energy System
Authors: Narayanan Muthalagappan
Published: January 2021

With the increasing integration of decentral renewable energy systems in the residential sector, the opportunity to enhance the control via model predictive control is available. In this article, the main focus is to investigate the objective function of the model predictive controller (MPC) of an integrated thermal-electrical renewable energy system consisting of photovoltaics, solar thermal collectors, fuel cell along with auxiliary gas boiler and electricity grid using electrical and thermal storage in a single-family house. The mathematical definition of the objective function and the depth of detailing the objectives are the prime focus of this particular article. Four different objective functions are defined and are investigated on a day-to-day basis in the selected six representative days of the whole year for the single-family house in Ehingen, Germany with a white-box simulation model simulated using TRNSYS and MATLAB. Using the clustering technique then the six representative days are weighted extrapolated to a whole year and the outcomes of the whole year MPC implementation are estimated. The results show that the detailing of the mathematical model, even though is time and personnel consuming, does have its advantages. With the detailed objective function, 9% more solar thermal fraction; 32% less power-to-heat at an expense of 32% more gas boiler usage; 6% more thermal system effectiveness along with 10% increased total self-consumption fraction with 16% decrease in space heating demand, 492 kWh more battery usage and 66% reduced fuel cell production is achieved by the MPC in comparison to the status quo controller. Except for the effectiveness of the thermal system with increased gas boiler usage, which occurs due to less power-to-heat, the detailed objective function in comparison to the simple mathematical definition does evidently increase the smartness of the MPC.
Biografistyka jako archeologia ruin
Authors: Kiec Izolda
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to biographical writing, which by the methodologies of the 20th century was thrown out of the field of humanities research. It returns in the new century with cultural anthropology, gender studies and – above all – memory studies. However, it raises a lot of questions, including doubts about the representation (author of the biography) and witnesses of events. The author of the article compares the work of a biographer with the work of an archaeologist who verifies the sources and reconstructs the whole on the basis of the background and contexts of time and place. In the biographer’s work, however, he notices one more element: research subjectivity, which in a world filled with nostalgia, we are not able to negate or eliminate.
Wytwórczość ludów pierwotnych w świetle pragmatycznych koncepcji sztuki
Authors: Kowalski Andrzej P.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the function of the primordial art in the pragmatic concept. The pragmatism ennobles the unprofessional forms of artistic activity. It makes it following the deconstruction of the modern definitions of the art. It presents the aesthetic values of primordial art. In the article, there are included its characteristics made by J. Dewey and É. Durkheim who used the first ethnographic data. Their description of the Australian autochthones shows its social contexts. It served to intensify certain emotions. It was the art of movement and dynamics. It harmonized with the whole experience of the life of the primordial hunters. It did not operate on symbols as understand these days. The pragmatic approach makes the aesthetic notion of the manufacture more important than its cognitive aspects. It does not eliminate the dilemmas of the character of the art in the cultures beyond Europe. It does not give archaeologists any simple tool to interpret the prehistoric facts.
„Szaman nigdy nie umiera”. Sztuka naskalna jako wyraz tożsamości w twórczości Jane Ash Poitras
Authors: Rozwadowski Andrzej
Published: January 2021

This article discusses the phenomenon of reusing of ancient rock art iconography in modern art on the example of the artworks of Canadian Cree visual artist Jane Ash Poitras. To understand the role the rock art plays in the collages of J.A. Poitras, the first part of the paper is focused on the Indigenous perspective, which provides the clue to reading complexity of history and contemporary art of the First Nations in Canada. Then the painting Shaman never die V is thoroughly analyzed. It is showed that rock art motifs used in this artwork had been very carefully selected and the meanings they evoke significantly go in pair with wider ideas related to traumatic history of Indigenous Canadians as well as ideas related to persistence of Indigenous spirituality symbolized by the image of shaman.
Historia, archeologia i paleobotanika. O demaskowaniu dziejów w badawczo- artystycznej praktyce Sławy Harasymowicz, Thierry’iego Oussou oraz Michaela Wanga
Authors: Siatka Krzysztof
Published: January 2021

The practice of contemporary artists is sometimes similar to the methodology of the researcher of the past. The creators engaged in the discovery of history, generate images of memory using historically or biologically similar methods, among which archival research, archaeological excavations and botanical experiments are a full-fledged artistic method. The reason for the work of Sława Harasymowicz is the nearby history, in which the members of her family and herself participated. Thierry Oussou has recently become famous for the excavation mystic that triggered the diplomatic incident. In his artistic work, Michael Wang raises global themes: climate change and economics. Their projects level the artistic and research work with the process. They reject the dictates of the objectivity, and linearity of the story. The method chosen by them, the questions posed and comments made by commentators are included in the discourse of contemporary humanities, in which the human subject has been included in the system of dependencies between animals, plants, and machines.
Formy miejscownika liczby pojedynczej wyrazu dom w mowie Wielkopolan dawniej i współcześnie
Authors: Kobus Justyna
Published: January 2021

Artykuł poświęcony jest zagadnieniu zróżnicowania form fleksyjnych miejscownika wyrazu dom. Materiałem wyjściowym uczyniono Atlas języka i kultury ludowej Wielkopolski (materiał dziś już dawny), z którym zestawione zostały wyniki badań współczesnych. Zabieg ten pozwolił wykazać stopień żywotności form gwarowych we współczesnym języku mieszkańców wsi, szczególnie zaś regresywny charakter opisywanych przykładów.
Conservation efficiency and nutritive value of silages made from grass-red clover and multi-species swards compared with grass monocultures
Authors: Moloney T. , Sheridan H. , Grant J , O’Riordan E.G. , O’Kiely P.
Published: January 2021

Binary grass-clover and multi-species swards can increase herbage yields or facilitate reduced inputs of inorganic fertiliser nitrogen (N) compared with perennial ryegrass monocultures. However, the efficiency of the ensilage process and the nutritive value of silage produced from multi-species swards has not been documented. Replicate samples from grass-red clover binary mixture and multi-species mixture swards were ensiled in laboratory silos to assess the ensilability, fermentation characteristics, conservation losses and silage nutritive value compared with grass monocultures produced using inorganic N fertiliser. The results suggest that assessment of the ensilability and subsequent ensilage characteristics of binary and multi-species mixtures should be based on direct sampling from such mixtures rather than being predicted from values obtained from monocultures of constituent species. Under favourable ensiling conditions, unwilted binary mixtures and multi-species mixtures are satisfactorily preserved as silage, comparable to a perennial ryegrass monoculture receiving inorganic N fertiliser. However, when ensiled under more challenging crop conditions the mixtures exhibited a greater requirement for their preservation to be aided, compared with the perennial ryegrass monoculture. Despite the application of inorganic N reducing the legume content of multi-species mixture swards, it had relatively little effect on herbage ensilability or silage preservation. For all species treatments, silage nutritive values were primarily dependent on the pre-ensiling values, although herbage digestibility values declined during ensilage where the ensilage process was inefficient. The current study suggests that in order to be satisfactorily preserved as silage, binary grass-clover and multi-species swards have a greater requirement for an adequate rapid field wilt and/or effective preservative application compared with perennial ryegrass produced using inorganic fertiliser N.
GELENEKSEL TURUNÇGİL KABUK REÇELLERİNİN FİZİKO-KİMYASAL VE ANTİOKSİDAN ÖZELLİKLERİ
Authors: YILDIZ TURGUT Demet , TOKGÖZ Haluk , GÖLÜKÇÜ Muharrem , BAYIR YEĞİN Arzu
Published: January 2021

Bu çalışmada, turunç (Citrus aurantium), bergamot (Citrus bergamia) ve altıntop (Citrus paradisi) kabukları ve bunlardan geleneksel olarak üretilen reçellerin fiziko-kimyasal ve antioksidan özelliklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Turunçgil kabuk reçellerinin toplam kuru madde, suda çözünür kuru madde, pH ve titrasyon asitliği değerleri sırasıyla 78.23 – 80.01 g/100 g, 70.15 - 70.87 °Bx, 3.36 - 3.49 ve %0.26 – 0.27 arasında belirlenmiştir. Turunçgil kabuk reçellerinin toplam fenolik madde miktarları 22.38 - 38.21 mg GAE/100 g, toplam flavonoid miktarları ise 2.45 - 6.30 mg CE/100 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Kabukların reçele işlenmesi ile askorbik asit içeriği %82.47 - 84.50 oranında azalarak 13.91 - 16.43 mg/100 g olarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek toplam fenolik madde miktarı altıntop kabuğu reçelinde bulunmuştur. Turunç kabuğu reçelinin ise en yüksek toplam flavonoid ve askorbik asit içeriğine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Reçel prosesi ile birlikte DPPH radikali süpürme aktivitesi önemli oranda düşmüştür.
A perspective piece on Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) programmes for under-represented groups with T2DM in the UK
Authors: Hadjiconstantinou Michelle , Quinn Lauren M , Tippins Frances , Schreder Sally , Khunti Kamlesh , Davies Melanie J
Published: January 2021

Self-management is critical for optimisation of diabetes care, and diabetes self-management education and support (DSMES) programmes are well recognised to improve biomedical, behavioural and psychological outcomes for people living with diabetes. The aim of this perspective piece is (1) to delineate the barriers experienced by under-represented groups with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and (2) to evaluate the role of targeted interventions and digital health as potential solutions to address these barriers and bridge the gaps in diabetes care. Common barriers to accessing DSMES programmes include practical issues such as timing and location, as well as psychological barriers such as stigma. Available evidence shows that tailoring diabetes self-management programmes to fit with people’s culture or specific needs increases effectiveness and acceptability of DSMES programmes in seldom heard groups. Digital-based self-management programmes have the opportunity to reach a vast number of individuals and offer an alternative source to empower people with T2DM. However, technology may also widen health inequalities and increase social isolation. Therefore, further research is required to establish bespoke and effective diabetes self-management programmes for under-represented individuals with T2DM.
Una nota sobre los adjetivos de preferencia
Authors: Fábregas Antonio
Published: January 2021

Los adjetivos de preferencia (favorito, preferido, predilecto) tienen propiedades gramaticales que los diferencian de otras clases de adjetivos, asimilables o no a los superlativos. Este trabajo propone un análisis de su comportamiento que se basa en la idea de que, frente a otros adjetivos, estos elementos encabezan estructuras léxicas relacionales donde ellos son el núcleo de la estructura, no el sustantivo.
Obstacles Faced by Students in Making Sense of Fractions
Authors: Singh Parmjit , Hoon Teoh Sian , Nasir Nurul Akmal Md , Han Cheong Tau , Rasid Syazwani Mr , Hoong Joseph Boon Zik
Published: January 2021

The learning of fractional concepts is one of primary school students’ first experiences with a mathematics concept beyond the fundamental four basic operators. However, research has shown that students faced great difficulty in learning fractions which, to a large extent, inhibits their intuitive knowledge of it. The learning of fractions is foundational to the understanding of many more advanced areas of mathematics and science. Examining why they face problems making sense of fractions and what can be done about it is the main aim of this study. Utilizing a mixed method approach, a total of 173 students aged 13-14 were administered a paper and pencil test and then twelve students were selected for the interviews in probing their thought process in assessing their intuitive knowledge on fraction learning. The outcome of the paper and pencil test depicts a lack of intuitive knowledge in making sense of fractions with a low-level attainment of 38.67%. The findings from the interviews showed a growing concern of an overreliance on calculators, algorithm and procedures that inadvertently undermines the learner’s intuitive knowledge of learning fractions. We are of the view that the preconceived notion of 'practice makes perfect’ practices in current classrooms inhibits students’ development of intuitive knowledge in making sense of fractions learning.
Ecological impacts of LEBAME (efficient microorganism) in animal production
Authors: Machin Caridad Suarez
Published: January 2021

The present work summarizes the results of the application of LEBAME in animal production. The LEBAME is a bioproducto developed by the Cuban Research Institute on Sugar Cane Derivatives (ICIDCA), which is made up of efficient microorganisms, belonging to the ICIDCA collection of microbiological cultures. This bioproducto was applied in the poultry industry in the treatment of fattening chickens beds and laying hens, with improvements in the environmental conditions of poultry facilities, reflected in an economic, social and environmental benefit. In The Swine Industry it was applied to study the impact in bio-digesters for the Biogas production. In this regard the results show that the inoculation of LEBAME in digesters accelerates the digestion of organic matter and, consequently, reduces the demand biological oxygen (DBO), efficiently reduces harmful gases, increasing the efficiency in digesters. Also decreases odors and the presence of flies and insects in the facilities.
Rehabilitating benefits and its sustainability of a degraded semi-arid Rangeland in Yabello Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Fenetahun Yeneayehu , Xinwen Xu , Yong-dong Wang
Published: January 2021

Rehabilitating the degraded rangeland in Ethiopia is very crucial issue for improving the livelihood of pastoralist life style and the environmental sustainability of the country. In Yabello rangeland area the local communities used enclosure method in order to rehabilitate the degraded rangeland area and try to address their livelihood problems. In general the current study tried to assess the benefits obtained from the rehabilitated rangeland area from the three study site chosen through purposively techniques based on the information gathered from different aspect. Semi- structured interview, Focal group discussion was held with key informants and different stakeholders at each kebele level have been conducted to gather information from the total of 150 respondents (50 from each kebele) and analyzed both in qualitative and quantitative approaches. The result showed that the rehabilitated rangeland area mainly used to get both numerical and non-numerical benefits like livestock fattening, grazing purpose, wood cutting and charcoal production and among this livestock fatting is the major source of income across the whole study site and Dida Tuyura (A1) is the most productive site among the rest. From this we recommend that there is a need to enhance market linkages for restored rangeland products that would then drive the adoption of rangeland restoration initiatives and those helps for sustainable utilization of the rehabilitated.
Compensatory growth response of freshwater prawn(Macrobrachium rosenbergii) polycultured with Indian major carp, Catla (Catla catla)
Authors: Rahman Md Aminur , Yeasmin Mt Shamima , Alom M Zahangir
Published: January 2021

With a view to evaluate the compensatory growth response, production and survival of prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and catla (Catla catla) under polyculture system, an experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Fisheries Field Laboratory in Bangladesh Agricultural University campus from 20 March 2006 to 20 June 2006. The experiment was consisted of three treatments with three replications for each. The three treatments were: fed to satiation twice a day (T1), fed every alternate day (T2) and fed every two days of interval (T3). SABINCO prawn feed was used as supplementary diet for the experiment. The stocking densities for prawn and catla were 40/dec. and12/dec., respectively. The initial weights at stocking were: 50 g for catla in all the treatments, and 5.8, 6.4 and 6.2 g for prawn in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. The water quality parameters were almost similar in all treatments and also were within an acceptable range of fish culture. The survival rate for catla was 100.0% in T1, 91.6% in T2 and 83.3 % in T3, while for prawn was 85.0% in T1, 71.0% in T2 and 69.0% in T3, respectively. The average weight of prawn was much lower in T3 and T2 than those in T1. The best FCR value was found in T2 (1.80) followed by T3 (1.85) and T1 (1.98) in this order. The average highest gross yield was obtained from T1 (1656kg/ha) followed by T2 (1077kg/ha) and T3 (1127kg/ha), while the production of prawn was T1 (791kg/ha), T2 (517kg/ha) and T3 (429kg/ha), respectively. However, no significant differences were found in the total yield in T2 and T3. The total costs of production for the three treatments were: T1 (125.93Tk/kg), T2 (143.21Tk/kg) and T3 (146.71Tk/kg), while the profits were: T1 (104.07Tk/kg), T2 (55.86Tk/kg) and T3 (24.60Tk/kg) in which the benefit cost ratio were found to be 1:0.83, 1:0.39 and 1:0.17, respectively. The results indicate that every day feeding had provided good growth and economic returns and thus seemed to be most practicable and viable feeding options for prawn-fish polyculture. Therefore, prawn-fish polyculture with regular feeding provides satisfactory growth and production.
Urbanization effect on ground beetles (Coleoptera, Carabidae)
Authors: Sukhodolskaya Raisa A , Saveliev Anatoliy A , Eremeeva Natalya I , Vorobyova Iraida G
Published: January 2021

We sampled beetles in different regions of Russia (Tatarstan Republic, Mariy El Republic, Udmurtia Republic, Kemerovo, Sverdlovsk, Stavropol, Cis-Ural provinces) at sites which varied in the level of anthropogenic impact and vegetation. We used linear models to clarify how urbanization affected body size variation in studied species. All of them were palearctic generalists – Carabus granulatus, Carabus cancellatus, Pterostichus melanarius, Pterostichus niger, Poecilus cupreus, and only Carabus aeruginosus was a Siberian one. Beetles we measured for six dimensional traits. In a whole 12000 specimen have been analyzed. Results showed that different traits of Ground Beetles can response to urbanization in opposite directions: e.g. in some studies species factor “city” decreased elytra length, but increased its width and vise versa. Effect of “city” and “suburbs” factors had different directions, e. g. in a given species body size decreased in cities but in suburbs it increased and verse versa. Cognate species, which occupy similar ecological niches, have responded to urbanization in opposite directions. Females and males can respond to urbanization in opposite directions, the latter lead to the significant body size sexual dimorphism in the gradient of urbanization.
Development of low cost paddy straw-clay (pads-clay) filter for dyes wastewater treatment
Authors: Hassan Abdul Rahman , Rahim Nor Amalina Ab , Wahab Mohd Talib Abdul , Mahmood CE Noor Aien CE , Noraien Engku , Sulaiman Wan Salasiah Wan , Md Nor Fauziah , Jusoh Normi Suhaida , Hashim Najiah Hanim , Othman MN Shamsulainee , Mohamed Sharuddin
Published: January 2021

Effective treatment of dyes wastewater is important to prevent water pollution. According to data by the Department of Environment (DOE) in 2017, 51 rivers have been polluted because of sewage, industry growth, livestock breeding and attitude of some irresponsible Malaysians that dump trash into river. One of the industries that contribute to river pollution is the batik industry. This is because batik processing activities have resulted in effluents containing chemicals streamed into the river and affecting aquatic life and human health as well. The main goals of this project is to produce a filter from available locally materials in solving polluted river water arising from batik wastewater. Along with the theme “from nature back to nature”, PadS-Clay Filter were prepared from 100% waste material such as paddy straw and clay according to designed formulation. Then, the dyes wastewater was flow on the PadS-Clay Filter and passed through the filter. The UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to analyze the absorption and concentration of the filtered dyes wastewater. Based on the result, PadS-Clay 2 (PSC2) and PadS-Clay 3 (PSC 3) were the most effective designed formulation for dyes rejection and flux of dyes in treating dyes effluent as the percentage of the dyes rejection for all PSC2 were over than 90%.
Analysis of MA Students’ Writing in English Language Teaching: A Systemic Functional Linguistic Approach
Authors: Ariza-Pinzón Vicky
Published: January 2021

This study explores the ways in which master thesis writers position their research in the field of English language teaching in a context where academic literacies are still a developing field. From a social semiotic perspective, this paper aims to identify the resources writers use to represent their object of study and provide a context and justification for research. The analysis focuses on the ideational and textual metafunctions to account for patterns of meanings in seven introductory chapters of master theses in English teacher education. The results reveal a set of interconnected genres—descriptions of the object of study, definitions, and personal exemplum—that build a shared experience with the reader as well as the persuasive purpose of the text.
Elementary School Teachers in Neoliberal Times: The Silent Voices That Make Educational Policies Work
Authors: Guerrero-Nieto Carmen Helena , Quintero Alvaro
Published: January 2021

This paper aims at showing how a bottom-up approach of the study of educational policies can shed some light on how elementary school teachers deal with educational policies to make them work. This is a partial report on a larger focus group study conducted in Bogotá, Colombia, where a group of elementary school teachers shared their opinions about educational policies. The data collected allowed us to see that teachers take actions, have their own perspectives about policies, and feel negatively treated by the national government, which give way to three categories: Teachers’ Micro-Practices, Clashing Visions About Education, and Mistreatment. We conclude that despite the pervasiveness of neoliberalism in education, which teachers are very aware of, they find ways to make policies work while being critical of the way these are designed and implemented.