bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantitative methods for enhancing the teaching of manual skills to students with learning difficulties
Authors: Ziyi Wang , Xinchun Dong , Ye Chen , Zeyu Wang , Białas Marcin
Published: November 2024

This article investigates whether the use of instruments providing quantifiable force feedback in manual skill learning can assist students with learning difficulties. Under the same theoretical teaching model, one group (intervention group, n = 10) received education with quantitative force feedback for manual skills, while the other group received traditional teaching methods (control group, n = 18). After conducting Levene's test to assess homogeneity of variances, t‐tests were performed to compare point grades, and Mann–Whitney tests were used to compare rating grades between the groups. There is a significant difference in the point grades of the intervention group compared to the control group (p < 0.05), and also a significant difference in the rating evaluation grades (p < 0.05). Under the guidance of teachers, the application of feedback instruments providing a ‘time‐force profile’ allows for the quantification of manual skill force, reinforcing students' practice of ‘force control’, leading to an enhancement in the manual skill proficiency of students with learning difficulties.
The influence of reader and text characteristics on sixth graders' inference making
Authors: Cain Kate , Currie Nicola K. , Francey Gillian , Davies Robert , Gray Shelley , Bridges Mindy S. , Restrepo M. Adelaida , Thompson Marilyn S. , Ciraolo Margeaux F.
Published: November 2024

Background

We examined the influence of text and reader characteristics on sixth graders' inference generation.

Methods

Eleven‐ to 12‐year‐old US monolingual English speakers (N = 71) and Spanish‐English bilinguals (N = 81) read narrative and informational expository texts requiring an inference and answered an inference‐tapping question after each text. We examined the influence of language status, word reading ability, knowledge (background knowledge and vocabulary), and reading strategy awareness and use on question accuracy, question‐answering times and sentence reading times.

Results

Linear mixed effects models predicting response accuracy indicated an advantage for narrative texts, in general, and for participants with higher knowledge. When examining variation across the whole sample, rather than contrasting language groups, faster question‐answering and sentence processing times were associated with higher knowledge.

Conclusions

Adolescent readers are better able to generate inferences from narrative than informational expository texts, and knowledge has a critical influence on both the process and product of inference generation and may explain reading comprehension performance differences between monolingual and bilingual students.
Correlation of retinal fluid and photoreceptor and RPE loss in neovascular AMD by automated quantification, a real‐world FRB! analysis
Authors: Mares Virginia , Reiter Gregor S. , Gumpinger Markus , Leigang Oliver , Bogunovic Hrvoje , Barthelmes Daniel , Nehemy Marcio B. , Schmidt‐Erfurth Ursula
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To quantify ellipsoid zone (EZ) loss during anti‐VEGF therapy for neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (nAMD) and correlate these findings with nAMD disease activity using artificial intelligence‐based algorithms.

Methods

Spectral domain optical coherence tomography (Spectralis, Heidelberg Engineering) images from nAMD treatment‐naïve patients from the Fight Retinal Blindness! (FRB!) Registry from Zürich, Switzerland were processed at baseline and over 3 years of follow‐up. An approved deep learning algorithm (Fluid Monitor, RetInSight) was used to automatically quantify intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF) and pigment epithelial detachment (PED). An ensemble U‐net deep learning algorithm was used to automated quantify EZ integrity based on EZ layer thickness. The impact of fluid volumes on EZ thickness and late‐stages outcomes were calculated using Wilcoxon rank‐sum tests, a linear mixed model and a longitudinal panel regression model.

Results

Two hundred and eleven eyes from 158 patients were included. The mean ± SD EZ loss area in the central 6 mm was 1.81 ± 2.68 mm2 at baseline and reached 6.21 ± 6.15 mm2 at month 36. Higher fluid volumes (top 25%) of IRF and PED in the central 1 and 6 mm of the macula were significantly associated with more advanced EZ thinning and loss compared to the low fluid volume subgroup. The high SRF subgroup in the linear regression model showed no statistically significant association with EZ integrity in the central macula; however, the longitudinal analysis revealed an increased EZ thickness with no additional loss.

Conclusions

Intraretinal fluid and PED volumes and their resolution pattern have an impact on alteration of the underlying EZ layer. AI‐supported quantifications are helpful in quantifying early signs of macular atrophy and providing individual risk profiles as a basis for tailored therapies for optimized visual outcomes.
Estimation of genetic and non‐genetic effects on productive life of Iranian Holstein dairy cows
Authors: Reisi‐Vanani Reza , Ansari‐Mahyari Saeid , Pakdel Abbas , Cue Roger I.
Published: November 2024

Understanding the factors that influence the lifespan of dairy cows is crucial for enhancing their productive life (PL). This study aimed to investigate the impact of genetic and environmental effects on the PL of Holstein cows. Data included 82,505 cows from 1952 sires that calved for the first time between 2001 and 2016. PL was defined from first calving to culling. Proportional hazard models, assuming a piecewise Weibull distribution of the baseline hazard function, were utilized to account for time‐dependent effects, such as herd size variations, year‐season, milk yield, fat and protein contents, and the time‐independent fixed effect of age at first calving. Herd‐year and sire effects were considered as random effects. All effects showed significant associations with PL (p < 0.001). The relative risk of culling was higher in heifers that calved at an older age and cows that calved during the cold season. Moreover, cows with lower production had a significantly shorter PL compared with high‐producing cows. The effective heritability in the absence of censored data was estimated at 0.15. These findings suggest that greater attention should be paid to regular and accurate breeding programs, which are essential for enhancing profitability and the PL of Iranian dairy cows.
Acute aseptic meningitis temporally associated with trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole: Systematic review
Authors: Bernasconi Gianmaria F. , Milani Gregorio P. , De Felice Elisabetta L. T. , Laurence Craig , Faré Pietro B. , Terziroli Beretta‐Piccoli Benedetta , Bianchetti Mario G. , Lava Sebastiano A. G.
Published: November 2024

Sulphonamides and trimethoprim, although generally well‐tolerated, have been temporally associated with aseptic meningitis. To address its presentation and outcome, a literature search was performed. We retained articles reporting patients with features of acute aseptic meningitis following intake of trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole or sulfisoxazole. A cerebrospinal fluid investigation in ≥1 episode was a prerequisite for inclusion. Sixty articles reporting on 74 patients experiencing a total of 155 episodes were retained. Forty‐five (61%) patients had one or more recurrences. Median age at first episode was 43 (interquartile range [IQR] 23–61) years. Symptoms presented within 48 (IQR 6–168) hours of intake at the first episode and within 1.3 (IQR 1–5) hours at recurrences (p < .0001). Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed a predominantly neutrophilic (82%, IQR 65%–94%) pleocytosis (180, IQR 38–507 106 cells/L), without low glucose or high proteins. Recovery took place within 2 (IQR 1–3) days after stopping the suspected agent. All but one patient completely recovered.
Budget Impact Analysis: Digital Workflow Significantly Reduces Costs of Implant Supported Overdentures (IODs)
Authors: Van de Winkel Thomas , Delfos Frans , van Oirschot Bart , Maal Thomas , Adang Eddy , Meijer Gert
Published: November 2024

Background

For edentulism, an implant supported removable complete overdenture (IOD) is an attractive solution to restore patients' chewing capacity, aesthetics, and self‐esteem, however, treatment is expensive and time consuming.

Purpose/Aim

To estimate the decline in costs for digitally designed and CAD/CAM fabricated IODs (3D‐IODs) compared to conventionally fabricated IODs (C‐IODs) at comparable general health related quality of life (GHRQoL).

Materials and Method

A randomized crossover study enrolled 36 fully edentulous patients, in whom six maxillary implants were placed together with two mandibular implants, if not already present.

At the start of the study, a set of C‐IODs and 3D‐IODs was fabricated for each patient. All patients wore each IOD‐type for 1 year: first the 3D‐IOD and the second year a C‐IOD, or vice versa. At all three‐time points patients general QoL was assessed using the EQ‐5D‐5L questionnaire as well as the SF‐36 from which the SF‐6D was obtained, to research the anticipation of no significant difference.

To enable cost consequence analysis (CCA), both costs made within healthcare and patient costs were assessed. Subsequently, a budget impact analysis (BIA) was performed to demonstrate the potential savings.

Results

No differences in general GHRQoL were seen between C‐IOD (M = 0.840, SD = 0.177) and 3D‐IOD (M = 0.837, SD = 0.156) (paired t‐test (N = 31): p = 0.880).

With respect to the total costs for a complete IOD, however, the digital approach showed a reduction in initial total costs of 14.2% (€4700.33 vs. €4030.61: p < 0,001), in treatment time of 41.1% (309 vs. 182 min: p < 0.001), and in number of treatment sessions of 47.1% (5.68 vs. 3.0: p < 0.001). For repairs for an IOD in both the upper and lower jaw, the C‐IOD and 3D‐IOD scored similar for treatment time as well as additional costs.

Conclusion

Implementing a 3D workflow in the production of IOD's supplies patients with a high‐quality 3D‐IOD at lower costs.

Trial Registration: NL‐OMON44248 https://onderzoekmetmensen.nl/en/trial/44248
Drinking practices: The variation of drinking events across intersections of sex, age and household income
Authors: Meier Petra S. , Holmes John , Stevely Abigail , Boyd Jennifer E. , Alava Monica Hernández , Hardie Iain , Warde Alan , Sasso Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Investigations of drinking practices often rely on cross‐country comparisons of population averages in beverage preferences, drinking volumes and frequencies. Here, we investigate within‐culture patterns and variations in where, why and how people drink, answering the research question: how does engagement in drinking practices vary by sex, age and household income?

Methods

We conducted a cross‐sectional analysis examining the societal distribution (by age, sex, household income) of 12 drinking practices: four off‐trade practices (in‐home consumption; e.g., evening at home with partner) and eight on‐trade practices (licensed‐venue consumption, e.g., family meal, big night out). Practices were identified in previous analyses of 2019 British event‐level diary data (14,742 drinkers aged 18+ reporting 26,220 off‐trade and 8768 on‐trade occasions).

Results

The level of engagement in practices varied by sex, age and income. In the on‐trade sector, men, particularly those in low‐income groups, engaged in traditional pub‐drinking, while women, especially older women, engaged in sociable drinking occasions with family and friends which commonly involved food. Young men and women were similarly likely to engage in heavier on‐trade practices, which remained commonplace into midlife. Drinking while socialising with friends, both inside and outside the home, was common among younger age groups across all income bands. From midlife, home drinking often involved a partner, especially for higher income groups.

Discussion and Conclusions

Most drinking practices were shared across the whole population, but level of engagement in them is strongly patterned by age, household income and, particularly in the on‐trade sector, sex.
Impact of a dermatological rehabilitation program on cardiovascular risks of psoriasis patients
Authors: Attar Jomana Al , von Martial Sophia , Troost Kaija , Neumeister Tobias , Ehrchen Jan , Steinbrink Kerstin , Muke Jochen , Tsianakas Athanasios
Published: November 2024

Background and Objectives

Psoriasis vulgaris is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease, associated with multiple cardiovascular comorbidities, which can ultimately lead to increased mortality. Dermatological rehabilitation programs represent an additional therapeutic option in patients with psoriasis besides the classical outpatient or inpatient management. This study aimed to investigate the impact of dermatological rehabilitation on cardiovascular risk factors, cardiorespiratory fitness and quality of life at the Clinic of Dermatology, Bad Bentheim, Germany.

Patients and Methods

This prospective study included 105 patients (age > 18 years) with known psoriasis and/or psoriasis (pustulosa) palmoplantaris committing to a 3‐week long rehabilitation program. Various patient reported outcomes including dermatological life and quality index, patient global assessment, physical activity, pruritus and smoking and alcohol consumption history were captured. Body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness were also assessed. Study parameters were collected by telephone at baseline, at discharge, and at 3 and 6 months.

Results

Significant improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.001), BMI (p < 0.001), quality of life (p < 0.001), patients subjective estimation of disease severity (p < 0.001) and psoriasis area and severity index (p < 0.001) were shown.

Conclusions

The findings emphasize the importance of a rehabilitation program for patients with psoriasis due to its positive and sustained effects on cardiovascular risk factors.
What Should Psychometricians Know about the History of Testing and Testing Policy?
Authors: Shepard Lorrie A.
Published: November 2024

In 2023, a National Council on Measurement in Education Presidential Task Force developed a consensus framework for foundational competencies in educational measurement to guide graduate programs and subsequent professional development. This article elaborates on the social, cultural, historical, and political context subdomain from that framework. A graduate course on the history of testing and testing policy in the United States is proposed to help measurement professionals develop an understanding of historic belief systems and theories of action that affect every aspect of testing applications—definition of constructs, instrument design, respondents’ interactions, interpretations and use of results, and both intended and unintended consequences. Two, accessible, key readings are proposed for each of 14 weeks addressing the following topics: IQ testing and deficit perspectives; special education placements, disproportionality, and accommodations; grade retention and tracking; college admissions testing; standards‐based reforms; 1990s performance assessment innovations; NCLB and school accountability; achievement gaps and opportunity to learn; NAEP and international assessments; standard setting and NAEP achievement levels; Common Core State Standards and ESSA; formative assessment and research on learning; culturally responsive assessment.
Warmblood fragile foal syndrome: Pregnancy loss in Warmblood mares
Authors: Kehlbeck A. , Blanco M. , Venner Monica , Freise Fritjof , Gunreben B. , Sieme Harald
Published: November 2024

Background

Fragile foal syndrome (FFS) or warmblood FFS Type 1 (WFFS) is a recessive, autosomal, hereditary, genetic defect causing late abortions, stillbirths and non‐viable foals. Whether early pregnancy losses occur is unknown.

Objectives

To investigate how WFFS affects pregnancies and whether early pregnancy losses occur in WFFS matings and if there is a difference in pregnancy success between matings where both parents were allele carriers and those where only mare or stallion were WFFS carriers.

Study design

Retrospective cohort study.

Methods

Breeding records from a Warmblood stud farm were evaluated (2016–2019) and 2682 cycles of 177 mares analysed. Matings were assigned to four study groups, depending on the WFFS carrier status of the mare and stallion: N/WFFS × N/WFFS (n = 46), N/WFFS (mares) × N/N (n = 511), N/N × N/WFFS (stallions) (n = 191) and N/N × N/N (n = 2149).

Results

There were no differences in pregnancy rates between matings with only one WFFS carrier and those with non‐carriers. When comparing N/WFFS × N/WFFS matings to those with only one or no WFFS‐carrier, there were no increased pregnancy losses in the embryonic phase (day <42). By contrast, the N/WFFS × N/WFFS group had significantly more abortions (53.8%) than the other three study groups (7.9–9.2%; adjusted p < 0.0001). The higher losses were evenly distributed between the early (D42–150: 22.7% losses, n = 5) and late (D150–300: 29.4% losses, n = 5) foetal phase. The live foal rate per pregnancy for N/WFFS × N/WFFS matings was lowest (34.5%) and differed significantly (other groups 81%–84%; adjusted p < 0.0001); the peri‐ and postnatal mortality was higher (25%) compared with the other study groups (2.6%–3%).

Main limitations

Low sample size in N/WWFS × N/WFFS matings, unbalanced study design, outcomes are descriptive, all mares from one stud farm.

Conclusions

The mating of two WFFS carriers may lead to increased risks of pregnancy and foal loss.
Abundance Variability of Predators: Asynchronous Fluctuation of Tuna Species in the Atlantic Ocean due to Predation Strategies and Climatic Effects
Authors: Liang Ting‐Yu , Lan Kuo‐Wei , Naimullah Muhamad , Liang Yen‐Rong , Wu Yan‐Lun
Published: November 2024

Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus; BET) and yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares; YFT) are commercially and ecologically important Atlantic Ocean species. Numerous studies have examined interacting species with clearly synchronous or asynchronous dynamics, but few have investigated interactions among tuna species. This study investigated the effects of climate indices on the standardized catch per unit effort (CPUE) and habitat preferences of BET and YFT in the Atlantic Ocean. The indicators for both tuna species were found to be influenced by the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO) and Tropical North Atlantic index. The AMO had the strongest effect on standardized CPUE for the two species, and habitat suitability also reflected AMO trends. We compared CPUE trends in overlapping suitable habitat areas and estimated variations in primary prey abundance for between BET and YFT to evaluate their species' competition for limited prey and habitat area resources. The standardized CPUE, habitat suitability index (HSI), and primary prey levels (squid and crustaceans) of BET all increased following the change to the positive AMO phase after the 1990s. Although the HSI value for YFT also increased in an area of habitat overlap, the corresponding standardized CPUE decreased. We suggest that this pattern of a decreasing‐standardized CPUE for YFT may have been caused by competition for limited prey and habitat area resources in the overlap area.
Beautiful Killers—The Goldfish Effect
Authors: Fehlinger Lena
Published: November 2024

A commentary article highlighting findings on the drastic effect of introduced goldfish in historically fishless permanent ponds. Furthermore, the findings are being put into context of the problematic situation with certain introduced alien species and concluding remarks point to a potential management of the situation in ponds.
Helicobacter pylori Management in Africa: A Survey of Diagnostic, Treatment, and Related Resources
Authors: Mashiko Setshedi , Ifeanyi Smith Stella , Rose Ugiagbe , Abiodun Otegbayo Jesse , Jaka Hyasinta , Charles Onyekwere , Abdulrashid Nashidengo , Violet Kayamba , Evariste Tshibangu‐Kabamba , Dennis Ndububa , Revathi Gunturu , Naima Lahbabi‐Amrani , Abraham Ajayi , Jolaiya Tolulope Funbi , Yakhya Dieye , Mohamed Alboraie , Roland Ndip
Published: November 2024

Background

Although Helicobacter pylori infection (H. pylori) prevalence in Africa has declined in the last decade, it remains concerningly high. H. pylori is asymptomatic in the majority of patients but is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in 10%–20%.

Materials and Methods

We conducted an online survey of 21 African countries, with the link distributed to members of the African Helicobacter Microbiota Study Group. The survey was completed by 562 respondents; the majority were from Nigeria (27.2%), South Africa (18.1%), Tanzania (17.6%), Egypt (16.9%), and Cameroon (14.2%).

Results

The most common reason for H. pylori testing was dyspepsia in 83.9% of the cases. Abnormal findings at gastroscopy (62.3%) and heartburn (61.7%) were also common indications. Stool antigen testing and histological examination of gastric biopsies using Giemsa were the two most used methods for H. pylori testing at 62.3% and 50.3%, respectively. Most respondents reported the use of standard clarithromycin‐based triple therapy as first‐line treatment for H. pylori infection.

Conclusion

This survey has demonstrated the diversity of practice and resource availability within the African continent. Several international guidelines exist on the management of H. pylori, but little data is available in Africa on how this condition is managed in every day clinical practice. There is an urgent need to formulate evidence‐based and locally relevant practice guidelines on the African continent. In this context, the African Helicobacter and Microbiota study group was formed to coordinate efforts across the continent on H. pylori research to provide guidance on its management. This paper, therefore, aimed to evaluate the practice of H. pylori diagnostics and management, as well as related resources in representative countries in Africa, to facilitate the development of such guidelines.
End of an era
Authors: J Grant Maria
Published: November 2024

Marking the end of an era as Jeannette Murphy steps down as Editor of the International Perspectives and Initiatives Regular Feature, Dr. Maria Grant (Editor‐in‐Chief) acknowledges, with thanks, Jeannette's 28 years association with the Health Information and Libraries Journal.
Evaluating the effectiveness of a novel training model in dental preclinical regenerative endodontic education
Authors: Hu Jia , Chen Ruonan , Wang Xiuqing , Lu Guoying , Zhang Ming , Huang Xiaojing
Published: November 2024

Aim

Regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) are tissue engineering‐based treatments aimed at regenerating the pulp‐dentin complex. However, these procedures are not widely practiced or well‐known among dentists due to a lack of training. This study aims to develop a practical hands‐on training model for REPs to enhance students' theoretical knowledge and practical skills.

Methodology

A cost‐effective, easy‐to‐operate, and reusable training model for preclinical training of REPs was developed. A total of 125 undergraduates were divided into an experimental group (REPs model) and a control group (traditional teaching). The students' theoretical knowledge and operational skills were assessed through examinations and practical assessments. Student perceptions were assessed by questionnaires.

Results

The experimental group achieved higher scores in theoretical knowledge and operational skills compared to the control group (p < .001). The process evaluation of the experimental group demonstrated a high level of proficiency in executing root canal disinfection steps, with pass rates ranging from 93.5% to 95.2%. Students in both groups perceived the model as valuable for improving critical thinking, stimulating interest, and enhancing their confidence and proficiency.

Conclusion

The developed REPs training model is a practical and effective tool for teaching and training regenerative endodontics. It bridges the gap between preclinical and clinical education, enhancing students' confidence and clinical competence.
Wound closure techniques after wide excision for hidradenitis suppurativa: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Cucu Corina Ioana , Ciobotariu Irina , Paradisi Andrea , Di Nardo Lucia , Fossati Barbara , Mannino Maria , Malvaso Dalma , Chiricozzi Andrea , Peris Ketty
Published: November 2024

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease that affects intertriginous skin areas, clinically characterized by recurrent inflamed nodules, abscesses, sinus tracts, and severe scars. Systemic treatments may provide temporary relief, while wide surgical excision offers prolonged disease‐free periods. We evaluated the most efficient wound closure methods following wide excision of HS lesions in terms of recurrence, functionality, and quality of life. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov, adhering to the PRISMA 2020 criteria. We included original studies published until February 2024, focusing on wound closure methods post‐wide excision for HS. Data from 121 papers were analyzed using network and direct meta‐analysis methods to compare recurrence and postoperative complication rates. From 1181 articles, 121 were included in the meta‐analysis after removing duplicates and excluding publications that did not meet the inclusion criteria. Recurrence rates were associated with the type of reconstruction technique as follows: primary closure, 25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 20–30%); skin grafts, 18% (95% CI, 14–22%), and flaps, 12% (95% CI, 9–15%). Secondary intention healing showed a recurrence rate of 28% (95% CI, 23–33%). Flaps were associated with the lowest recurrence rates compared to other surgery techniques.
The effects of minimum wage on education acquisition in Brazil
Authors: MARIONI Larissa da Silva
Published: November 2024

This article investigates the impact of the absolute and relative minimum wages on skill premiums and on‐the‐job education investments. It draws on administrative data on the Brazilian formal sector for 2006‐13, exploring price level variations across states and time to identify the effects of the national minimum wage. Findings indicate that the absolute minimum wage reduces the skill premium and, on average, negatively affects educational acquisition, particularly at the bottom of the wage distribution. Conversely, the relative minimum wage increases the skill premium for top levels of education and, on average, has no significant effect on education investments, although there is some evidence for heterogeneous effects across the distribution.
Les esprits animaux à l'œuvre? Moral des entreprises et demande de main‐d'œuvre pendant la pandémie de COVID‐19
Authors: BELLO Ridwan Bolaji
Published: November 2024

Le rôle central, dans le comportement des agents économiques, de croyances spontanées non justifiées par les fondamentaux économiques est théorisé de longue date. L'auteur examine si le moral des entreprises a influé sur leur comportement immédiatement après l'apparition du COVID‐19. À partir d'un échantillon d'entreprises italiennes, il montre que leurs anticipations concernant la reprise des ventes reflétaient en grande partie des impressions non expliquées par leur expérience liée au COVID‐19 et influant elles‐mêmes sur la demande de main‐d'œuvre; les entreprises relativement pessimistes étaient plus susceptibles que les autres de comprimer les effectifs, par exemple en recourant au chômage partiel et à la réduction du temps de travail.
Evaluating the Economic and Epidemiological Impact of RSV Hospitalizations in Southern Austria [Southern Austria Respiratory Syncytial Virus INpatient Investigation (ARNI Study)]
Authors: Sever Yildiz G. , Resch E. , Strenger V. , Eber E. , Resch B.
Published: November 2024

Objective

RSV bronchiolitis is a leading cause of hospitalization in infants and young children. We aimed to document the economic burden and epidemiology of RSV over seven seasons in Southern Austria.

Patients and Methods

All RSV‐associated hospitalized (PCR‐proven) children ≤ 5 years of age between 1 October 2015 and 30 April 2022 were collected retrospectively. Demographic and epidemiologic data, along with hospitalization costs (direct and indirect), were calculated.

Results

Among 976 children hospitalized due to RSV infection, 87% were healthy term infants, and 79% were < 12 months old. Prematurity (13%) and pre‐existing conditions (11%) significantly impacted older children—59% of cases in the 2nd compared with 68% in the 1st year of live. RSV‐related hospital costs were approximately €2.0 millions per year (of a total of 60 millions per year). RSV accounted for 19% of hospitalizations due to acute respiratory illness (ARI) in children ≤ 5 years, 37% of all ARI < 6 months, 28% of all ARI < 12 and 6.3% of all‐cause hospitalizations < 12 months of age, respectively.

Conclusions

Every 5th hospitalization due to respiratory illness in children ≤ 5 years of age was associated with RSV, representing 7.9% of all hospitalizations and 3.3% of all paediatric hospitalization costs.
Uncovering adults' problem‐solving patterns from process data with hidden Markov model and network analysis
Authors: Liu Xiaoxiao , Bulut Okan , Cui Ying , Gao Yizhu
Published: November 2024

Background

Process data captured by computer‐based assessments provide valuable insight into respondents' cognitive processes during problem‐solving tasks. Although previous studies have utilized process data to analyse behavioural patterns or strategies in problem‐solving tasks, the connection between latent cognitive states and their theoretical interpretation in problem solving remains unclear.

Objectives

This research aims to investigate the connections between similar hidden response states and unfold respondents' transition paths in problem‐solving processes. Analysing process data from the 2012 United States Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC), this study seeks to discern patterns in problem solving among participants.

Methods

The hidden Markov model was first used to uncover the hidden states based on a sequence of observed actions. Next, Gaussian graphical network analysis was employed to analyse the relationships between hidden response states.

Results and Conclusions

Results indicated that correct responders had simpler, clearer state relationships, while incorrect responders displayed more complex connections. Respondents who solved the tasks correctly had clearer thoughts about the problem‐solving process, whereas incorrect respondents struggled to understand the problem and failed to figure out solutions. Cognitive state changes during problem solving also varied between groups. The correct groups showed cohesive, logical transitions, in contrast to the emerged isolated, erratic patterns of the incorrect groups.
Impact of family income on the development of gestational diabetes mellitus and the associated birth outcomes: A nationwide study
Authors: Yen Fu‐Shun , Wei James Cheng‐Chung , Wu Yi‐Ling , Lo Yu‐Ru , Chen Chih‐Ming , Hwu Chii‐Min , Hsu Chih‐Cheng
Published: November 2024

Aims/Introduction

The relationship between economic disadvantages and the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), as well as its impact on birth outcomes, remains uncertain.

Materials and Methods

From the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database, we identified 984,712 pregnant women between 1 January 2007 and 31 December 2018. Using propensity score matching, we selected 5,068 pairs of women across four income levels: very low, low, middle and high. We used a multivariable Cox regression model to assess the risk of GDM in these pregnant women and analyzed the birth outcomes.

Results

The mean age of the pregnant women was 30.89 years. We found no significant difference in GDM risk among pregnant women with different family income. However, newborns of women with GDM and very low‐income were at higher risk for several adverse conditions, such as small for gestational age (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.17, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.31), large for gestational age (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.08–1.51), hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (aOR 3.19, 95% CI 1.15–8.86), respiratory distress (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.14–2. 19), congenital anomalies (aOR 1.32, 95% CI 1.08–1.62), jaundice requiring phototherapy or exchange transfusion (aOR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05–1.24) and so on.

Conclusions

This study found that low family income alone was not associated with GDM development. However, for a GDM pregnancy, pregnant women with lower income had worse birth outcomes. Improving maternal health and nutrition among low‐income pregnant women with GDM might be critical to improving birth outcomes.
Prenatal And Postpartum Care Experiences Among Black Birthing People In The United States: An Integrative Review
Authors: Segovia Laura M. , Neiman Emily , Gillespie Shannon L. , Jancsura McKenzie K. , Anderson Cindy M.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Among Black birthing people, high‐quality, respectful care throughout pregnancy and postpartum is hindered by distrust, racial discrimination, and unsatisfactory care. The purpose of this integrative review was to examine prenatal and postpartum care experiences among Black birthing people in the United States.

Methods

A literature search, spanning from inception through October 6, 2022, across 4 research databases, used a combination of keywords to capture reports on care experiences among Black birthing people. We included quantitative and qualitative studies in the United States with people who self‐identified as Black or African American and reported prenatal or postpartum health care experiences. Intrapartum experiences were excluded. All studies were evaluated with the Mixed‐Methods Appraisal Tool, National Institutes of Health Study Quality Assessment tool, or Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal checklist. Data were analyzed and synthesized using the Joanna Briggs Institute convergent integrated approach to incorporate quantitative and qualitative research.

Results

A total of 16 studies published over 27 years met the inclusion criteria. All studies examined the health care experiences of Black birthing people during prenatal or postpartum care. None of the studies focused solely on postpartum care experiences. The 2 most prominent themes were models of care and patient‐provider interactions, encompassing both positive and negative experiences. Positive care experiences included collaborative patient‐provider interactions, continuity of care, and culturally centered care. Adverse experiences were more frequently noted and involved discriminatory treatment during patient‐provider interactions, fragmented care models, and a lack of cultural awareness.

Discussion

Black birthing people in the United States report some positive but more negative health care experiences during pregnancy and postpartum care, which may play an important role in health inequities. Promoting prenatal and postpartum care models that provide continuity and are high‐quality, collaborative, and culturally centered were identified as high‐priority targets to foster patient safety and improve clinical outcomes.
Primary glomerular diseases and long‐term adverse health outcomes: A nationwide cohort study
Authors: Faucon Anne‐Laure , Lando Stefania , Chrysostomou Charikleia , Wijkström Julia , Lundberg Sigrid , Bellocco Rino , Segelmark Mårten , Evans Marie , Carrero Juan‐Jesús
Published: November 2024

Background

Although glomerular diseases are the third most frequent cause of end‐stage kidney disease worldwide, little is known about their long‐term outcomes.

Methods

In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 3–5 enrolled in the Swedish Renal Registry, we compared risks of hospitalization, kidney replacement therapy (KRT), major cardiovascular events (MACE), and death of the four most frequent primary glomerular diseases (IgA nephropathy [IgAN], focal segmental glomerulosclerosis [FSGS], minimal change disease [MCD], and membranous nephropathy [MN]), and patients with CKD due to the most common non‐communicable diseases (control‐CKD).

Results

We identified 2396 patients with glomerular disease (97% biopsy‐proven, 69% men, 57 years, eGFR 29 mL/min/1.73 m2, uACR 88 mg/mmol, 1524 with IgAN, 398 FSGS, 94 MCD, and 380 MN) and 37,697 controls (64% men, 74 years, eGFR 25 mL/min/1.73 m2, uACR 23 mg/mmol), mainly with diabetic nephropathy and nephroangiosclerosis. The median follow‐up was 6.3 (3.3; 9.9) years. Compared with control‐CKD, patients with primary glomerular diseases generally had a lower risk of hospitalization, MACE (adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] ranging from 0.44 to 0.88 depending on the etiology) and death (HRs ranging 0.45–0.76). Patients with IgAN and FSGS had a faster eGFR decline and a higher rate of KRT (HRs 1.26 [95%CI: 1.15–1.37] and 1.34 [1.15–1.57], respectively). Conversely, patients with MN and MCD had a lower KRT rate and slower eGFR decline.

Conclusion

Despite having a lower relative risk of hospitalization, cardiovascular events and mortality, patients with IgAN and FSGS are at higher risk of CKD progression than the most common etiologies of CKD, emphasizing the need for more stringent treatment strategies in these patients.
Association among major adverse cardiovascular events with immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Li Haixia , Zheng Yanfei , Li Bin , Zhi Yinghao , Chen Mingxian , Zeng Jing , Jiao Qian , Tao Yuxuan , Liu Xinmei , Shen Zican , Zhang Jiahui , Zhao Weizhe , Chen Dong
Published: November 2024

Background

This meta‐analysis aimed to determine the incidence and overall risk of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) related to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Methods

We systematically searched all cohort studies, including the available MACE data in cancer patients receiving ICIs, in PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library, from their inception to September 5, 2023. The primary outcome was the incidence of MACEs associated with ICI exposure, and the secondary outcome was the overall risk of MACEs associated with ICI exposure versus non‐ICI exposure controls. Risk ratios with 95% confidence intervals were used in the random‐ or fixed‐effects models.

Results

Overall, 26 cohort studies met the inclusion criteria, involving 109,883 cancer patients. In the median follow‐up period ranging from 3.3 to 55.2 months, the incidence of MACEs associated with ICI exposure was 8.22%, ranging from 0.55% to 3.98%, among the nine MACEs, including myocarditis, tachyarrhythmia, pericarditis, pericardial effusions, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, heart failure, stroke, and conduction disorder. The incidence of MACE associated with non‐ICI exposure was 3.84%, ranging from 0.81% to 4.72%. The risks of all‐grade MACEs and pericardial effusions were significantly higher in the ICI group than in the non‐ICI controls. ICI treatment, age, male sex, and prior radiation therapy were significantly associated with MACEs.

Conclusion

The risk of MACEs during ICI treatment in patients with cancer is more common than is currently recognized. ICI use is closely associated with an increased risk of MACEs. Patients at risk were older, male, and had a history of radiation therapy.
Incidence and predictors of clinical failure after early treatment for mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 in high‐risk individuals: A multicentric cohort study
Authors: Mastrorosa Ilaria , Lepri Alessandro Cozzi , Borgo Cosmo Del , Rosati Silvia , Rueca Martina , Sarmati Loredana , Mastroianni Claudio , Fantoni Massimo , Maggi Fabrizio , Nicastri Emanuele , Girardi Enrico , Lichtner Miriam , Antinori Andrea , Mazzotta Valentina ,   the Early Treatment for COVID‐19 Lazio Study Group
Published: November 2024

Objectives

To estimate the risk of COVID‐19‐related hospitalization and death (CovH/D), among high‐risk individuals early treated for COVID‐19 and to identify associated factors.

Methods and results

A multicenter cohort of 12,475 high‐risk outpatients (female 50.2%, median age 70 years [IQR 57–80], fully vaccinated 79.1%, immunocompromised 23.2%) treated with monoclonal antibodies or antivirals for mild‐to‐moderate COVID‐19 (March 2021–May 2023) in the Lazio region, Italy. The unadjusted risk of CovH/D by Day 30 was 3.08% (95% CI 2.7%–3.4%). By means of logistic regression models, which included a specific set of potential confounders for each exposure of interest, we observed a higher risk for the elderly, unvaccinated and immunocompromised participants. Using the “Delta period” as a reference, a decreased risk was observed for Omicron waves.

Conclusions

Despite the administration of COVID‐19 early treatment and the decreasing risk of CovH/D across the calendar periods, the elderly, the unvaccinated and the immunocompromised people remain at high risk of clinical progression.
Changes in facial soft tissue support with and without a maxillary labial flange
Authors: Wendt‐Aquino Tiffany J. , Sheridan Ryan R.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To quantify facial esthetic outcomes of prosthetic upper lip support in both full animation and repose for patients with an existing implant‐supported fixed complete dental prosthesis (ISFCDP).

Materials and Methods

Twenty patients had a removable prosthetic labial flange fabricated for their existing maxillary prosthesis. The 3dMDface system was used to capture video sets of each patient going from repose to high smile with and without the labial flange. A single frame representing high smile and repose was selected from each video. Five facial anatomic markers and 21 individual points on the upper lip were evaluated for both image sets using quantitative photometric analysis. To provide a qualitative assessment, the same images were shown to dentists, laypeople, and the research subjects (patients) to determine which they found to be more esthetically pleasing, or if there was no difference. Quantitative data was evaluated using paired t‐tests.

Results

The two‐dimensional analysis showed a difference with and without a labial flange for lip projection and lip thickness. Additionally, 13 out of 21 landmarks in the three‐dimensional analysis showed differences when comparing the superimposed labial flange and no flange linear difference values between high smile and repose. Survey results showed that research subjects (54.41%), dentists (51.50%), and laypeople (44.50%), all preferred labial flange versus no flange photos or were not able to tell a difference.

Conclusions

Qualitative and quantitative results suggest that a prosthetic labial flange has an impact on upper lip support. Clinicians should consider lip support both in full animation and repose when treatment planning for the maxillary ISFCDP.
An integrative taxonomy of Oecanthinae in China (Orthoptera: Grylloidea; Oecanthidae) and its implication as a model for investigating sexual selection
Authors: Zheng Yan‐Na , Jing Xuan , Wang Rui , Zhang Tao , Gu Jun‐Jie , Ma Li‐Bin
Published: November 2024

Rich materials can provide more opportunities for exploring the mechanisms of speciation driven by sexual selection. Being the fastest‐evolving arthropods to date, the sword‐tailed crickets of Nudilla Gorochov, 1988 (= Laupala Otte, 1994) have rapidly diverged primarily due to the variability of their calling songs (sexual signals). In addition, they also exhibit morphological conservatism, with little variation between species. Similar circumstances can be seen in tree crickets (Oecanthinae), which have conservative morphology and a diverse range of song variations. Thus, we believe that tree crickets could serve as a model for research on sexual selection since they share a similar evolutionary history and mode of differentiation with Nudilla. However, due to the improper methods in analyzing the calling songs and nearly identical morphological features between taxa, there are many problems with the taxonomy of Oecanthinae in China. To solve these problems, we conducted an integrative taxonomic study of Chinese Oecanthinae based on comparative morphology, species delimitation, acoustical analysis, and phylogenetic analysis. This study recognized 12 Oecanthinae species in China, including four new species, and confirmed one new synonym and two misidentifications. Meanwhile, we confirmed the morphological stability of Oecanthinae, and revealed that variation in color, size, and morphology may be intraspecific polymorphism, which sometimes does not reflect the species relationships. The result indicates that the acoustic parameter freq.median can be used for efficient and accurate species delimitation in Oecanthinae. We speculate that incomplete species divergence leads to complexity in species relationships at the genetic level of Oecanthinae. The conservation of morphological characters, the interspecificity of songs and the complexity of species relationships suggest that sexual selection have played a role in the evolution of Oecanthinae. Our study resolves some systematic and taxonomic problems of Oecanthinae, clarifies the species relationships of Oecanthinae in China, and provides clues for expanding the cricket groups to be used in speciation studies.
Interlocal service collaboration network and fiscal outcomes: Empirical evidence from Nebraska counties
Authors: Qu Tingli
Published: November 2024

U.S. local governments frequently collaborate through interlocal agreements to coordinate resources in confronting challenges that transcend jurisdictional boundaries. This research leverages unique data on cooperating entities in interlocal agreements among Nebraska counties from 2012 to 2017 to explore how collaborative network structures predict government‐wide budgetary indicators. By documenting stylized facts of these agreements and using a two‐way fixed effects estimator, the findings reveal that network centrality and clustering coefficient are associated with lower per capita revenues and expenditures, but higher property taxes and tax rates.
Mutation of rice EARLY LEAF LESION AND SENESCENCE 1 (ELS1), which encodes an anthranilate synthase α‐subunit, induces ROS accumulation and cell death through activating the tryptophan synthesis pathway in rice
Authors: Li Wenhao , Cheng Weimin , Jiang Hongrui , Fang Cheng , Peng Lingling , Tao Liangzhi , Zhan Yue , Huang Xianzhong , Ma Bojun , Chen Xifeng , Wu Yuejin , Liu Binmei , Fu Xiangdong , Wu Kun , Ye Yafeng
Published: November 2024

Lesion‐mimic mutants (LMMs) serve as valuable resources for uncovering the molecular mechanisms that govern programmed cell death (PCD) in plants. Despite extensive research, the regulatory mechanisms of PCD and lesion formation in various LMMs remain to be fully elucidated. In this study, we identified a rice LMM named early leaf lesion and senescence 1 (els1), cloned the causal gene through map‐based cloning, and confirmed its function through complementation. ELS1 encodes an anthranilate synthase α‐subunit involved in anthranilate biosynthesis. It is predominantly localized in chloroplasts and is primarily expressed in light‐exposed tissues. Mutation of ELS1 triggers upregulation of its homologous gene, ASA1, via a genetic compensation response, leading to the activation of the tryptophan (Trp) synthesis pathway and amino acid metabolism. The accumulation of abnormal Trp‐derived intermediate metabolites results in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and abnormal PCD in the els1 mutant, ultimately causing the leaf lesion phenotype. The els1 mutant also exhibits reduced chlorophyll content, upregulation of genes related to chloroplast degradation and leaf senescence, and decreased activity of photosynthetic proteins, indicating that ELS1 plays a role in chloroplast development. These factors collectively contribute to the premature leaf senescence observed in the els1 mutant. Our findings shed light on the role of ELS1 in regulating ROS accumulation and PCD in rice, providing further genetic insights into the molecular mechanisms governing leaf lesions and senescence.