bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ubc9 regulates the expression of MHC II in dendritic cells to enhance DSS-induced colitis by mediating RBPJ SUMOylation
Authors: Zhang Jing , Chen Longmin , Xu Qianqian , Zou Yuan , Sun Fei , Zhou Qing , Luo Xi , Li Yang , Chen Cai , Zhang Shu , Xiong Fei , Yang Ping , Liu Shiwei , Wang Cong-Yi
Published: November 2023

SUMOylation is an evolutionary conserved regulatory mechanism, in which Ubc9 is the only E2 conjugating enzyme. Previous studies demonstrated that SUMOylation is involved in multiple biological processes, but its role in dendritic cells (DCs) remains to be fully addressed. Herein in this report, we found that DCs deficient in Ubc9 protected mice from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis, as evidenced by the ameliorated weight loss, colon length, and disrupted colon structure. Mechanistically, Ubc9 mediated SUMOylation of RBPJ, by which it stabilized RBPJ from ubiquitin-mediated degradation to enhance its transcriptional activity, while Ciita, a critical transcription factor, is a direct target downstream of RBPJ, which forms an enhanceosome complex to transcribe the expression of MHC II genes. Therefore, loss of Ubc9 abolished RBPJ SUMOylation, which was coupled with reduced Ciita transcription, thereby attenuating the expression of MHC class II genes. As a consequence of defective MHC II expression, Ubc9-/- DCs were featured by the impaired capability to process antigen and to prime effector CD4+ T cells, thereby protecting mice from DSS-induced colitis. Together, our results shed novel insight into the understanding of SUMOylation in the regulation of DC functions in pathological conditions.
Change detection in the primate auditory cortex through feedback of prediction error signals
Authors: Obara Keitaro , Ebina Teppei , Terada Shin-Ichiro , Uka Takanori , Komatsu Misako , Takaji Masafumi , Watakabe Akiya , Kobayashi Kenta , Masamizu Yoshito , Mizukami Hiroaki , Yamamori Tetsuo , Kasai Kiyoto , Matsuzaki Masanori
Published: November 2023

Although cortical feedback signals are essential for modulating feedforward processing, no feedback error signal across hierarchical cortical areas has been reported. Here, we observed such a signal in the auditory cortex of awake common marmoset during an oddball paradigm to induce auditory duration mismatch negativity. Prediction errors to a deviant tone presentation were generated as offset calcium responses of layer 2/3 neurons in the rostral parabelt (RPB) of higher-order auditory cortex, while responses to non-deviant tones were strongly suppressed. Within several hundred milliseconds, the error signals propagated broadly into layer 1 of the primary auditory cortex (A1) and accumulated locally on top of incoming auditory signals. Blockade of RPB activity prevented deviance detection in A1. Optogenetic activation of RPB following tone presentation nonlinearly enhanced A1 tone response. Thus, the feedback error signal is critical for automatic detection of unpredicted stimuli in physiological auditory processing and may serve as backpropagation-like learning.
Enhanced subglacial discharge from Antarctica during meltwater pulse 1A
Authors: Li Tao , Robinson Laura F. , MacGilchrist Graeme A. , Chen Tianyu , Stewart Joseph A. , Burke Andrea , Wang Maoyu , Li Gaojun , Chen Jun , Rae James W. B.
Published: November 2023

Subglacial discharge from the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) likely played a crucial role in the loss of the ice sheet and the subsequent rise in sea level during the last deglaciation. However, no direct proxy is currently available to document subglacial discharge from the AIS, which leaves significant gaps in our understanding of the complex interactions between subglacial discharge and ice-sheet stability. Here we present deep-sea coral 234U/238U records from the Drake Passage in the Southern Ocean to track subglacial discharge from the AIS. Our findings reveal distinctively higher seawater 234U/238U values from 15,400 to 14,000 years ago, corresponding to the period of the highest iceberg-rafted debris flux and the occurrence of the meltwater pulse 1A event. This correlation suggests a causal link between enhanced subglacial discharge, synchronous retreat of the AIS, and the rapid rise in sea levels. The enhanced subglacial discharge and subsequent AIS retreat appear to have been preconditioned by a stronger and warmer Circumpolar Deep Water, thus underscoring the critical role of oceanic heat in driving major ice-sheet retreat.
Environmental memory boosts group formation of clueless individuals
Authors: Dias Cristóvão S. , Trivedi Manish , Volpe Giovanni , Araújo Nuno A. M. , Volpe Giorgio
Published: November 2023

The formation of groups of interacting individuals improves performance and fitness in many decentralised systems, from micro-organisms to social insects, from robotic swarms to artificial intelligence algorithms. Often, group formation and high-level coordination in these systems emerge from individuals with limited information-processing capabilities implementing low-level rules of communication to signal to each other. Here, we show that, even in a community of clueless individuals incapable of processing information and communicating, a dynamic environment can coordinate group formation by transiently storing memory of the earlier passage of individuals. Our results identify a new mechanism of indirect coordination via shared memory that is primarily promoted and reinforced by dynamic environmental factors, thus overshadowing the need for any form of explicit signalling between individuals. We expect this pathway to group formation to be relevant for understanding and controlling self-organisation and collective decision making in both living and artificial active matter in real-life environments.
Enhanced pericyte-endothelial interactions through NO-boosted extracellular vesicles drive revascularization in a mouse model of ischemic injury
Authors: Guo Ling , Yang Qiang , Wei Runxiu , Zhang Wenjun , Yin Na , Chen Yuling , Xu Chao , Li Changrui , Carney Randy P. , Li Yuanpei , Feng Min
Published: November 2023

Despite improvements in medical and surgical therapies, a significant portion of patients with critical limb ischemia (CLI) are considered as “no option” for revascularization. In this work, a nitric oxide (NO)-boosted and activated nanovesicle regeneration kit (n-BANK) is constructed by decorating stem cell-derived nanoscale extracellular vesicles with NO nanocages. Our results demonstrate that n-BANKs could store NO in endothelial cells for subsequent release upon pericyte recruitment for CLI revascularization. Notably, n-BANKs enable endothelial cells to trigger eNOS activation and form tube-like structures. Subsequently, eNOS-derived NO robustly recruits pericytes to invest nascent endothelial cell tubes, giving rise to mature blood vessels. Consequently, n-BANKs confer complete revascularization in female mice following CLI, and thereby achieve limb preservation and restore the motor function. In light of n-BANK evoking pericyte-endothelial interactions to create functional vascular networks, it features promising therapeutic potential in revascularization to reduce CLI-related amputations, which potentially impact regeneration medicine.
A diamond nanophotonic interface with an optically accessible deterministic electronuclear spin register
Authors: Parker Ryan A. , Arjona Martínez Jesús , Chen Kevin C. , Stramma Alexander M. , Harris Isaac B. , Michaels Cathryn P. , Trusheim Matthew E. , Hayhurst Appel Martin , Purser Carola M. , Roth William G. , Englund Dirk , Atatüre Mete
Published: November 2023

A contemporary challenge for the scalability of quantum networks is developing quantum nodes with simultaneous high photonic efficiency and long-lived qubits. Here we present a fibre-packaged nanophotonic diamond waveguide hosting a tin-vacancy centre with a spin-1/2 117Sn nucleus. The interaction between the electronic and nuclear spins results in a signature 452(7) MHz hyperfine splitting. This exceeds the natural optical linewidth by a factor of 16, enabling direct optical nuclear spin initialization with 98.6(3)% fidelity and single-shot readout with 80.0(1)% fidelity. The waveguide-to-fibre extraction efficiency of our device of 57(6)% enables the practical detection of five-photon events. Combining the photonic performance with the optically initialized nuclear spin, we demonstrate a spin-gated single-photon nonlinearity with 11(1)% contrast in the absence of an external magnetic field. These capabilities position our nanophotonic interface as a versatile quantum node in the pursuit of scalable quantum networks.
Safety and immunogenicity of the third and fourth doses of vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 following a 2-dose regimen of inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine
Authors: Chaiwarith Romanee , Winichakoon Poramed , Salee Parichat , Sudjaritruk Tavitiya , Wipasa Jiraprapa , Chawansuntati Kriangkrai , Yasri Saowaluck , Thongwitokomarn Harit , Krasaewes Kawisara , Ruangsirinusorn Sethawut , Praparattanapan Jutarat , Solai Nuttarika , Nuket Khanuengnit , Boonmee Darakorn , Chaichana Orapin , Mueangmo Oramai , Saheng Jutamad , Wongjak Worawan
Published: November 2023

This study followed healthcare personnel (HCP) who had completed a primary series of CoronaVac and then received the third and fourth doses of COVID-19 vaccine. The primary objective was to determine the seroconversion rate of neutralizing antibodies against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs at day 28 after the third dose of vaccine and day 28 after the fourth dose of vaccine. This prospective cohort study was conducted at Maharaj Nakorn Chiang Mai Hospital, a tertiary care hospital affiliated to Chiang Mai University from July 2021 to February 2022. Two hundred and eighty-three participants were assessed for eligibility; 142 had received AZD1222 and 141 BNT162b2 as the third dose. Seroconversion rates using a 30% inhibition cutoff value against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 were 57.2%, 98.6%, 97.8%, and 98.9% at points before and after the third dose, before and after the fourth dose, respectively among those receiving AZD1222 as the third dose. Frequencies were 31.9%, 99.3%, 98.9%, and 100% among those receiving BNT162b2 as the third dose, respectively. The seroconversion rates against B.1.1.529 [Omicron] were 76.1% and 90.2% (p-value 0.010) at 4 weeks after the third dose in those receiving AZD1222 and BNT162b2 as the third dose, respectively. After a booster with the mRNA vaccine, the seroconversion rates increased from 21.7 to 91.3% and from 30.4 to 91.3% in those receiving AZD1222 and BNT162b2 as the third dose, respectively. No serious safety concerns were found in this study. In conclusion, antibody responses waned over time regardless of the vaccine regimen. The booster dose of the vaccine elicited a humoral immune response against SARS-CoV-2 including SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern, including B.1.1.529 [Omicron], which was circulating during the study period. However, the results might not be extrapolated to other Omicron sublineages.
Applying laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and elemental imaging on marine shells for archaeological and environmental research
Authors: Hausmann Niklas , Theodoraki Danai , Piñon Victor , Siozos Panagiotis , Lemonis Andreas , Anglos Demetrios
Published: November 2023

Using LIBS for the analysis of archaeological and geological marine mollusc shells is a growing research area that relies on customised instrumentation and specific workflows that can accommodate the variety and precision of the required sampling parameters. However, the increased efficiency offered by LIBS, which enables the study of a larger quantity of shell samples for temperature variation, ecological parameters, and human consumption practices, outweighs the initial efforts required to develop customised instrumentation and workflows. In this work, we present detailed specifications and parameters for the development of a LIBS system capable of generating Mg/Ca images on marine shells that directly correlate with seasonal sea temperatures. Our main objective was to develop specifications that enable easy adaptation of LIBS systems to existing laboratories for studying hard-tissue samples. These specifications were used to develop a customised micro-LIBS system and apply it to a real-world example of an archaeological study to better understand its efficiency on the marine mollusc shells and demonstrate its potential for broader applications in interdisciplinary research. In total 101 shell specimens have been analysed within a time frame of approximately 71 h of machine time, producing 234 images (100 µm resolution: 100 images, 30 µm resolution: 134 images). SEM analysis of the irradiated sections of the shell revealed a primary ablated area of 10–15 µm in diameter, while a secondary affected area of the shell’s crystal fabric extended to 30–50 µm after repeated shots. Overall, this new customised system reliably and efficiently analysed marine mollusc specimens without major destructive effects, enabling additional analyses for other proxies to be carried out. This study highlights the potential of the LIBS method for interdisciplinary research, encompassing applications in paleoclimatology, marine ecology, and archaeology.
Preparation of the graphene-based smart hydrophobic nanocomposite and its application in oil/water separation
Authors: Alimohammadian Mahsa , Azizian Saeid , Sohrabi Beheshteh
Published: November 2023

Designing and synthesizing materials with smart hydrophobicity against an external magnetic field for efficient oil/water separation is of great importance due to the increasing problems caused by oil pollution. Here, the nanocomposites were fabricated based on graphene and different iron oxides exhibit smart hydrophobicity against an external magnetic field and they are in powder form eliminating the requirement for a substrate employing a facile and echo friendly method. The results prove that autoclaving of graphene leads to its ferromagnetic property; then it is attached to iron oxides by magnetic attraction and a nanocomposite is produced. The magnetic property of the resulting nanocomposite is higher than the magnetic property of its individual components. In addition, following nanocomposite formation, its hydrophobicity and surface area also change. FESEM images were taken from the nanocomposites to study their surface morphology, and EDS-MAP analysis to observe the elemental distribution uniformity of the nanocomposites. Also, to measure the surface area and pore size, BET analysis has been performed on pure materials and graphene-black iron oxide nanocomposite (graphene@black iron oxide). The results show that the specific surface area of black iron oxide increases after being composited with graphene dispersed at 5000 rpm. Indeed, graphene forms a composite by binding to iron oxide, and therefore, its specific surface area increases compared to iron oxide and graphene alone. These results show an increase in oil sorption and better separation of oil from water by the prepared nanocomposite. Also, to measure the magnetic properties of pure materials, graphene@black iron oxide, and ferromagnetic graphene at 3000 and 5000 rpm, the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer analysis has been performed. The results have proven that the nanocomposite powder prepared by a simple method obtained from cost-effective and available materials is hydrophobic and becomes more hydrophobic by applying an external magnetic field. Due to the ease with which oil can be readily removed from the nanocomposite by eliminating the external magnetic field, this nanocomposite is an excellent choice for the separation of oil from water.
Local knowledge, practices, challenges of ethnopharmacologically used medicinal plants in Benin and implications for brain illnesses
Authors: Dougnon Godfried , Dougnon Victorien Tamègnon , Klotoé Jean Robert , Agbodjento Eric , Zoumarou Dannialou , Lègba Boris , Koudokpon Hornel , Assogba Phénix , Hanski Leena , Ladékan Eléonore Yayi
Published: November 2023

Traditional medicine (TM) is a significant resource for primary healthcare management all over the world, and principally in Africa. Quality improvement activities that promote evidence-based practices and the integration of traditional medicine into primary healthcare systems can help improve the quality of patient care. In the Republic of Benin (West Africa), traditional medicine practitioners (TMPs) provide different treatments and ways of use, depending on the ailments and the medicinal plants used. The present study aimed at documenting the knowledge, attitudes and practices of Beninese TMPs regarding the use of medicinal plants and the challenges associated with their activities. A focus group survey was conducted using semi-structured interviews with a sample of 91 TMPs in 8 departments of the Republic of Benin. The respondents had an average age of 50 years old and belonged to various categories of TMPs. Medicinal plants are harvested depending on the season and time of the day, and are dried in the shade before being used as decoctions or infusions. Nevertheless, the majority of TMPs do not conduct the necessary tests for quality control, efficacy or toxicity of the proposed remedies, which raises several scientific interrogations, particularly for the treatment of mental and brain-related disorders. Among ~ 110 plants used in the treatment of several pathologies, 66 were revealed as threatened species. The challenges faced by TMPs are mainly material, financial and technical difficulties. The present study reports the importance of intervention to modernize TM practices in Benin. Quality improvement could enhance healthcare delivery and provide support for evidence-based interventions aimed at addressing behavioral, social, and environmental determinants of health.
Frequency of respiratory virus-associated infection among children and adolescents from a tertiary-care hospital in Mexico City
Authors: Nieto-Rivera Brenda , Saldaña-Ahuactzi Zeus , Parra-Ortega Israel , Flores-Alanis Alejandro , Carbajal-Franco Ebzadrel , Cruz-Rangel Armando , Galaviz-Hernández Stephania , Romero-Navarro Benjamín , de la Rosa-Zamboni Daniela , Salazar-García Marcela , Contreras Carmen A. , Ortega-Riosvelasco Fernando , López-Martínez Irma , Barrera-Badillo Gisela , Diaz-Garcia Hector , Romo-Castillo Mariana , Moreno-Espinosa Sarbelio , Luna-Pineda Victor M.
Published: November 2023

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among children. The causative pathogens show geographic and seasonal variations. We retrospectively evaluated the frequency and seasonality of respiratory pathogens in children and adolescents (age: 0–19 years) with ARIs treated between January 1, 2021, and March 31, 2022, at a single center in Mexico. Out of 2400 patients, 1,603 were diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection and 797 were diagnosed with other common respiratory pathogens (CRPs). Of the 797 patients, 632 were infected with one CRP and 165 with > 2 CRPs. Deaths occurred only in SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Rhinovirus/Enterovirus, respiratory syncytial virus B, and parainfluenza virus 3 were the most prevalent in cases with single and multiple infections. CRP showed a high frequency between autumn and winter of 2021, with higher incidence of hospitalization compared to COVID-19. The main comorbidities were immunosuppression, cardiovascular disease (CD), and asthma. The frequency of CRPs showed a downward trend throughout the first half of 2021. CRPs increased in single- and co-infection cases between the fourth and fifth waves of COVID-19, probably due to decreased nonpharmaceutical interventions and changes in diagnostic tests. Age, cyanosis (symptom), and immunosuppression (comorbidity) were found to differentiate between SARS-CoV-2 infection and CRP infection.
Dynamic blood flow imaging with 99mTc-hydroxymethylene diphosphonate as a therapeutic response marker in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon
Authors: Yoo Jang , Cheon Miju
Published: November 2023

We evaluated the predictive value of dynamic blood flow scintigraphy with 99mTc-HDP (hydroxymethylene diphosphonate) for therapeutic response in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP). Eighty patients who underwent dynamic blood flow scintigraphy using the one-hand chilling method were enrolled. We analyzed the quantitative variables as the ratio of chilled fingers to ambient fingers (CAfinger), that of the chilled hand to ambient hand (CAhand), and that of chilled fingers to ambient palm (FPR) (CAFPR) at 15 and 30 s after 99mTc-HDP bolus injection. Total cumulative radioactivity counts for 180 s were obtained. We evaluated the clinical utility of these quantitative parameters with other clinical variables, including RP severity, therapeutic compliance, types of RP, and scintigraphic interpretation of findings in patients with RP. Fifty-two patients showed poor therapeutic response. There were significant differences between good- and poor-therapeutic responder groups in RP intensity (p = 0.003), CAfinger15s (p = 0.008), CAfinger30s (p = 0.002), CAfinger180s (p = 0.011), CAhand15s (p = 0.008), CAhand30s (p = 0.007), CAhand180s (p = 0.017), CAFPR30s (p = 0.004), and CAFPR180s (p = 0.002). After multivariate logistic regression analysis, only CAfinger30s (p = 0.002) had an independent predictive value of the therapeutic response. 99mTc-HDP dynamic blood flow scintigraphy could be helpful in predicting the therapeutic response in patients with RP.
Proportion and characteristics of lacrimal drainage pathway disease and keratopathy in non-infectious corneal perforation using lacrimal syringing test
Authors: Ishikawa Sho , Sasaki Takanori , Maruyama Takafumi , Shinoda Kei
Published: November 2023

Lacrimal drainage pathway disease-associated keratopathy (LDAK) has been associated with corneal perforation, which arises from both infectious and non-infectious corneal disorders. However, patients with corneal perforation are often not routinely tested for LDAK, and the potential risk posed by LDAK in the development of corneal ulcers has not been investigated in detail. This study aimed to assess the proportion and characteristics of LDAK in patients with non-infectious corneal perforation using lacrimal syringing test. This study enrolled 56 patients with corneal perforation treated at Saitama Medical University Hospital between January 2016 and September 2022. The causes of corneal perforation were trauma (n = 17, 30%), infection (n = 19, 34%), non-infection (n = 16, 29%), and unknown (n = 4, 7%). A lacrimal syringing test was performed on 12 patients with non-infectious corneal perforation and 4 with an unknown diagnosis. Among the 16 patients with non-infectious corneal perforation, 13 (81%) had lacrimal drainage disease, but only 3 (19%) patients had lacrimal puncta, as revealed by slit-lamp examinations. The primary bacterial species identified in lacrimal obstructive disease and lacrimal canaliculitis were Staphylococcus spp. and Actinomycetes spp. respectively. Lower temporal and peripheral corneal perforations were common. All patients underwent lacrimal surgery, and 6 (38%) were treated for corneal perforation without corneal surgery. Interestingly, several patients with LDAK who did not exhibit any lacrimal duct obstruction on slit-lamp examination. The study findings demonstrate the significance of the lacrimal syringing test for assessing LDAK in patients with corneal perforation, indicating LDAK as a potential cause of corneal perforation.
Insights into the mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 main protease autocatalytic maturation from model precursors
Authors: Aniana Annie , Nashed Nashaat T. , Ghirlando Rodolfo , Coates Leighton , Kneller Daniel W. , Kovalevsky Andrey , Louis John M.
Published: November 2023

A critical step for SARS-CoV-2 assembly and maturation involves the autoactivation of the main protease (MProWT) from precursor polyproteins. Upon expression, a model precursor of MProWT mediates its own release at its termini rapidly to yield a mature dimer. A construct with an E290A mutation within MPro exhibits time dependent autoprocessing of the accumulated precursor at the N-terminal nsp4/nsp5 site followed by the C-terminal nsp5/nsp6 cleavage. In contrast, a precursor containing E290A and R298A mutations (MProM) displays cleavage only at the nsp4/nsp5 site to yield an intermediate monomeric product, which is cleaved at the nsp5/nsp6 site only by MProWT. MProM and the catalytic domain (MPro1-199) fused to the truncated nsp4 region also show time-dependent conversion in vitro to produce MProM and MPro1-199, respectively. The reactions follow first-order kinetics indicating that the nsp4/nsp5 cleavage occurs via an intramolecular mechanism. These results support a mechanism involving an N-terminal intramolecular cleavage leading to an increase in the dimer population and followed by an intermolecular cleavage at the C-terminus. Thus, targeting the predominantly monomeric MPro precursor for inhibition may lead to the identification of potent drugs for treatment.
Determination of total phenol and six polyphenolic components in the polyphenol extract of Cinnamomi cortex by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Authors: Shi Dan-Yang , Zheng Yu , Guo Qiang-Sheng , Gong Can , Xu Xu , Gao Jian-Ping
Published: November 2023

A quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (qNMR) method was established for determining the total phenol and six polyphenolic components in the polyphenol extract of Cinnamomi cortex.
Influence of symmetry on the magneto-optical properties of a bifunctional macrocyclic DyIII complex
Authors: Gil Yolimar , de Santana Ricardo Costa , Vega Andrés , Aravena Daniel , Spodine Evgenia
Published: November 2023

Despite the coordination of a highly distorted macrocyclic ligand, a symmetrical DyIII complex was obtained and the influence of the symmetry on  SMM behaviour and luminescence properties was established.
HCO3−-mediated highly efficient photoelectrochemical dioxygenation of arylalkenes: triple roles of HCO3−-derived radicals
Authors: Yang Jie , Zhao Yukun , Duan Mengyu , Deng Chaoyuan , Zhang Yufan , Lei Yu , Li Jikun , Song Wenjing , Chen Chuncheng , Zhao Jincai
Published: November 2023

HCO3−-mediated highly efficient photoelectrochemical dioxygenation of arylalkenes coupled with the hydrogen evolution reaction: triple roles of HCO3−-derived radicals.
An assessment of spent coffee grounds as a replacement for peat in the production of Scotch whisky: chemical extraction and pyrolysis studies
Authors: Krakowiak Kacper P. , McIntosh Ruaraidh D. , Ellis David
Published: November 2023

Replacing peat, with a more sustainable alternative, in the malting process, a key step in the production of Scotch Whisky.
Preparation, identification, activity prediction, and protective effects on IR-HepG2 cells of five novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from protein hydrolysate of skipjack tuna dark muscles
Authors: Meng Lingting , Song Yan , Zheng Bin , Zhao Yadong , Hong Bingyuan , Ma Mingzhu , Wen Zhengshun , Miao Wenhua , Xu Yan
Published: November 2023

Preparation, identification, activity prediction, protective effects on IR-HepG2 cells of five novel DPP-IV inhibitory peptides from protein hydrolysate of skipjack tuna dark muscles.
Water-soluble ionic carbon nitride as unconventional stabilizer for highly catalytically active ultrafine gold nanoparticles
Authors: Elnagar Mohamed M. , Liessem Johannes , Im Changbin , Mitoraj Dariusz , Kibler Ludwig A. , Neumann Christof , Turchanin Andrey , Leiter Robert , Kaiser Ute , Jacob Timo , Krivtsov Igor , Beranek Radim
Published: November 2023

Water-soluble ionic carbon nitride is demonstrated to act as a novel type of facile, scalable, and highly effective stabilizer for ultrafine (<3 nm) gold nanoparticles exhibiting high catalytic activity.
Converting carbon black into an efficient and multi-site ORR electrocatalyst: the importance of bottom-up construction parameters
Authors: Ribeiro Rui S. , Florent Marc , Delgado Juan J. , Pereira M. Fernando R. , Bandosz Teresa J.
Published: November 2023

Surface modification of highly porous and conductive carbon black was performed. Preserved porosity, single-atom Fe–N centers, Fe nanoclusters, and other N-containing sites contribute to high electrocatalytic activity and stability towards the ORR.
Using a cyclocarbon additive as a cyclone separator to achieve fast lithiation and delithiation without dendrite growth in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Gong Jiacheng , Zhu Jiabao , He Xiao , Yang Jinrong
Published: November 2023

Carbon materials are widely used for reversible lithium uptake in the anode of lithium-ion batteries.
Atomic-scale observation of calcium occupation in spinel cobalt ferrite towards the regulation of intrinsic magnetic properties
Authors: Bai Guohua , Zhong Weijia , Zhang Zhenhua , Bandaru Sateesh , Fan Xiuyuan , Liu Xiaolian , Zhang Xuefeng
Published: November 2023

Our findings establish the relationship between the atomic-scale structural change and the macroscopic magnetic properties of spinel ferrites, promoting the development of new ferrite materials.
Core–multi-shell design: unlocking multimodal capabilities in lanthanide-based nanoparticles as upconverting, T2-weighted MRI and CT probes
Authors: Liu Nan , Homann Christian , Morfin Samuel , Kesanakurti Meghana S. , Calvert Nicholas D. , Shuhendler Adam J. , Al Tom , Hemmer Eva
Published: November 2023

Core/shell/shell nanoparticle design with a controlled inner NaGdF4 layer between the upconverting Er/Yb-doped NaGdF4 core and the magnetic NaDyF4 shell suppressed Dy3+-induced emission loss, while simultaneously enhancing MRI T2 and CT performance.
Shining light on fluoride detection: a comprehensive study exploring the potential of coumarin precursors as selective turn-on fluorescent chemosensors
Authors: Amer Sara , Joseph Vincent , Oded Bat-El , Marks Vered , Grynszpan Flavio , Levine Mindy
Published: November 2023

A new fluorescent fluoride detection system is reported herein, based on the ability of fluoride to catalyze the formation of a fluorescent coumarin from non-fluorescent alkene precursors, which occurs concurrently with in situ alkene isomerization.
Divergent synthesis of benzoxaphospholenes and phosphacoumarins via the reaction of 2-alkenylphenols with phosphorus(iii/v) chlorides
Authors: Tatarinov Dmitry A. , Mikulenkova Elina A. , Litvinov Igor A. , Khayarov Khasan R. , Mironov Vladimir F.
Published: November 2023

Condition-dependent divergent synthesis of benzooxaphospholenes and benzooxaphosphinines with different phosphorus atom valences based on the reaction of 2-alkenykohenols with phosphorus(iii/v) chlorides.
Chemical recycling of CO2-based polycarbonates to sulfur-containing polymers
Authors: Wang Ying , Feng Guofei , Guo Wenqi , Zhang Chengjian , Zhang Xinghong
Published: November 2023

This work provides a “polymer A to polymer B” strategy for the upcycling of CO2-based poly(ether)carbonates to sulfur-containing polymers.
Isolation and Analysis of Heavy Metal Content in Scales from Three Species of Farmed Fish in Lake Maninjau
Authors: Syandri Hafrijal , Azrita  , Mardiah Ainul , Elfrida
Published: November 2023

The study isolated and analyzed heavy metal content in fish scale from Osphronemus goramy, Cyprinus carpio, and Oreochromis niloticus in Lake Maninjau. Fish weights (n=10) for O. goramy, C. carpio, and O. niloticus were 389.99±24.96 g, 633.30±87 g, and 210.5±12.12 g. Isolation begins with washing scales using running water, followed by 24-hour immersion in 10% NaCl (1:10 w/w) in a refrigerator. Afterward, they are oven-dried at 50°C for 3.5 hours and ground into powder. Fish scale results were analyzed using the dry weight/wet weight formula x 100. AOAC-compliant spectrometry tested heavy metal concentrations of Hg, Pb, Cr, As, Ag, and Cu. Results for O. goramy, C. carpio, and O. niloticus were 65.85%, 61.68%, and 55.63%, respectively. The concentration of heavy metals in O. goramy showed the highest level was Pb (185 mg/kg), followed by Cu (83 mg/kg), Ag (<14.66 mg/kg), Cr (<5 mg/kg), Hg and As (0.43 mg/kg). In C. carpio the highest concentration was Pb (152 mg/kg), followed by Cu (121 mg/kg), Cr (50 mg/kg), Ag (15 mg/kg), Hg and As (<0.50 mg/kg). Meanwhile, in O. niloticus, the highest concentration was Cu (160 mg/kg), followed by Pb (149 mg/kg), Cr (50 mg/kg), Ag (15 mg/kg), Hg and As (< 0.50 mg/kg).
Monitoring of water quality and spesies composition of plankton in polyculture of tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon), gesit tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and seaweed (Gracilaria sp.)
Authors: Sahrijanna Andi , Suwoyo Hidayat Suryanto
Published: November 2023

The polyculture system cultivation activity is an effort to increase the production of aquaculture and optimal use of ecological space/niches. Water quality is a living medium for aquatic biota that really needs to be considered. This study aims to evaluate the water quality and species composition of plankton in a polyculture system. Water quality factors were temperature, dissolved oxygen, temperature, pH, alkalinity, salinity, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, phosphate, and total organic matter. The variables observed during the study were water quality including dissolved oxygen, pH, temperature, alkalinity, salinity, phosphate, total organic matter, ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate. Plankton including phytoplankton and zooplankton were observed every two weeks. The results of the research on monitoring water quality parameters, the temperature range 28.4-32.4 0C, dissolved oxygen in treatment A ranged from 2.55-4.56 mg/L, treatment B ranged from 2.58-4.57 mg/L, and treatment C ranged from 2.25-3.43 mg/L, Ammonia content in treatment A 0.0255-0.4913 mg/L, treatment B 0.0282- 0.5409 mg/L, treatment C 0.0427-0.3799 mg/L. The plankton community found during the study in each treatment were 22 species, consisting of 9 types of phytoplankton and 13 types of zooplankton. The most type of phytoplankton was Oscillatoria sp 16,362 ind/L and zooplankton was Nauplii Copepod 2,659 ind/L.
Oxygen Transfer Rate Efficiency of Paddle Wheel Aerators in Intensive Shrimp Ponds
Authors: Ariadi Heri , Linayati  , Mujtahidah Tholibah
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine the oxygen transfer rate efficiency of paddle wheel aerators in intensive shrimp farming. This study was conducted with the causal ex-pose facto concept by comparing the performance of paddle wheel aerator. The results showed that water quality in Pond 1 (1 HP) and Pond 2 (2 HP) only brightness which do not comply with water quality standards. The oxygen transfer rate paddle wheel aerator was 1 HP of 3.20 (2.82-3.65) mgO2/hours and for 2 HP of 2.12 (1.68-2.89) mgO2/hours. The dissolved oxygen in Pond 1 (1 HP) was 5.25 mg/L and Pond 2 (2 HP) was 5.63 mg/L. The shrimp growth rate in pond 1 is 1.95 (0.01-4.0 gr/day) and pond 2 is 1.25 (0.01-2.55 gr/day). Dissolved oxygen in pond 1 (1 HP) ranged from 4.15-7.26 mg/L and pond 2 (2 HP) ranged from 4.03-8.31 mg/L. Dynamic modeling results show a description the energy input to paddle wheel aerator will gradually decrease from 2 kW to 0.25 kW. The results of this study concluded that the use of a 1 HP paddle wheel aerator has a better oxygen transfer rate and shrimp pond performance than using a 2 HP paddle wheel aerator.
Application of inorganic fertilizer combination with various kinds of organic fertilizer in the nursery phase of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Authors: Suwoyo Hidayat Suryanto , Trijuno Dody Dharmawan , Faisal  , Mulyaningrum Sri Redjeki Hesti
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of natural feed growth on the growth and survival rate of white shrimp, specifically in relation to the usage of inorganic fertilizers in conjunction with various organic fertilizers. The experimental design consisted of four treatments, each replicated three times. The treatments included a combination of urea, SP-36, and organic fertilizer derived from superintensive shrimp pond waste (Treatment A), a combination of urea, SP-36, and petroganic (Treatment B), a combination of urea, SP-36, and chicken manure (Treatment C), and a control treatment consisting of only urea and SP-36 without any organic fertilizer (Treatment D). Urea was administered at a dosage of 5.2 grams per container, SP-36 at a dosage of 2.6 grams per container, and organic fertilizer at a dosage of 52 grams per container. The factors that were monitored included the composition of plankton, the growth of benthic algae, the growth and survival of white shrimp, and the quality of pond water. The study’s findings revealed no statistically significant difference in the growth of live feed when inorganic and organic fertilizers were combined (P>0.05). However, the survival rate of white shrimp exhibited a significant difference (P<0.05). Using a mixture of inorganic fertilizer (namely urea and sp-36) and organic fertilizer, within the context of a super-intensive shrimp pond, yielded the most favorable outcome regarding white shrimp survival rate, with a recorded percentage of 94.67%.
Utilization of rotifers as natural feed in the rearing of saline nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae
Authors: Soleh Mohamad , Naryaningsih Agustien , Nur Abidin , Purnomo Sugeng Joko , Suwoyo Damar , Soetanti Endah
Published: November 2023

After the yolk sac of fish larvae is absorbed, they will utilize external food sources such as natural phytoplankton and zooplankton. Specifically, one of the zooplankton species used is the small-sized rotifer Brachionus sp., which matches the mouth opening of the larvae. The purpose of the experiment was to examine the effects of providing live rotifer in combination with artificial feed on the survival rate and growth of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) larvae in high salinity conditions. The Nile tilapia larvae used in the experiment were the offspring of Red Nifi strain breeders raised in freshwater and still containing yolk sacs. Feeding commenced after the yolk sacs were absorbed, and the salinity was gradually increased to 25-30 ppt. The larvae were fed with rotifers for seven days (P-1), 14 days (P-2), and then continued with another type of artificial feed. There was also a control group that only received artificial feed without rotifers. The stocking density of the fish larvae was 25 individuals per liter, and the total water volume used was 15 liters. The rotifer dose was maintained at 10-20 individuals per milliliter of water per day during the 4-week rearing period. The results showed that providing rotifers in water salinity between 10-15 ppt during the first seven days resulted in a survival rate of > 80%, whereas the control group achieved > 90% survival. However, the survival rate of the larvae started to decline from the second seven-day period with the increase in salinity between 15-25 ppt, and it continued to decrease to < 60% until the fourth week for all treatments.
Evaluation of antibacterial activity of nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp) from freshwater mussel (Pilsbryoconcha sp.) shell against Escherichia coli
Authors: Sidauruk Santhy Wisuda , Iriani Dian , Sari N. Ira , Rusdi Rizky Ramadhan , Rusadi Muhammad Irfan
Published: November 2023

Freshwater mussel shells have a high calcium content as a precursor in the synthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp). The main components of HAp are calcium and phosphate, which can prevent dental plaque bacteria, such as Escherichia coli. This research aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity of nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAp) from Pilsbryoconcha sp. against E. coli. The procedure for preparing nano-HAp consisted of producing CaO flour through a calcination process and producing nano-HAp using the bottom up method. The test parameters consisted of the yield and evaluation of antibacterial activity at different concentrations of nano-HAp, namely 50 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, and 12.5 mg/mL. The results showed that the yield of nano-HAp was 65.13±0.83%. Based on antibacterial activity, nano-HAp had an inhibition zone against the bacteria that causes dental plaque E. coli. The diameters of the inhibition zones of nano-HAp against E. coli bacteria at concentration of 12.5 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, and 50 mg/mL were relatively weak, those were 1.23±0.31 mm, 2.51±0.38 mm, and 3.77±0.28 mm, respectively. The antibacterial activity of nano-HAp can be increased through modification with metal doping or natural materials with antioxidant or antibacterial activity.
Spatial mapping and temporal dynamics of mangrove: A case study in ’pro-mangrove’ villages, Indragiri Hilir District, Indonesia
Authors: Linto Retto Panggabean Herbet , Susilo Hendri , Nanda Pratama Reno , Irawan Bima , Masfiroh Siti , Nofrianda Ilyas Gian , Oktorini Yossi , Jhonnerie Romie
Published: November 2023

This study used remote sensing technology, specifically Landsat 5 TM and Sentinel-2 MSI images, to map mangrove distribution in ’Pro Mangrove’ Villages, Indragiri Hilir District, Riau Province, Indonesia, from 1989 to 2021. The multi-resolution segmentation (MRS) and Random Forest (RF) algorithms were used to identify changes in land cover over this period. The study found a notable increase of 482.62 hectares in mangrove area over the 32-year period, with a recovery clear from 2014, possibly due to rising mangrove conservation awareness. The study also identified possible disturbances such as exploitation before 1989. The Random Forest algorithm proved effective in mapping mangroves and surrounding land cover. The study underscores the utility of remote sensing technology in tracking mangrove dynamics, which is fundamental for informed conservation and sustainable land management strategies. The findings are expected to guide local authorities, conservation entities, and other stakeholders in devising strong mangrove conservation and management strategies to curb deforestation and promote sustainable land use practices in the Riau Province.
Length at first maturity and length at first capture for bullet tuna (Auxis rochei Risso, 1810) in the southern waters of Bali
Authors: Pramulati Indrastiwi , Hartaty H. , Sukmaningsih A.A.S.A. , Sudaryanto F.X.
Published: November 2023

Bullet tuna (Auxis rochei Risso, 1810) is one of the neritic tuna species which has the second largest number of catches after small pelagic fish. The high potential for neritic tuna has a risk of continuous fishing pressure. This study presents mainly two biological indicators, the length at first capture (Lc=L50%) and the length at first maturity (Lm50) of bullet tuna, based on the biological data collected from the southern waters of Bali from June to November 2021. Parameters and characteristics of biological aspects are expected to be useful in policies in determining the optimum catch size, restrictions on fishing effort and determining the optimum of mesh size to be used in commercial fishing. Biological sampling was conducted at Fish Landing Base Kedonganan Bali from the catches of the neritic gillnet. A total of 151 female fish and 95 male fish were studied. Fresh gonad samples were fixed and analyzed histologically by a paraffin method and Harris-Haematoxylin and Eosin staining. The results showed that the length at first capture (Lc=L50% = 20,1 cm) was significantly lower than the length at first maturity (Lm50 = 22,76 cm); this was indicating that the young fish (the immature and never spawn) were dominant in the catch and would lead to an overfishing status. It is recommended that the fishing efforts and gear selectivity of bullet tuna with neritic gillnets must better manage for the sustainability of the fish resources.
Screening of bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity of avicennia marina leaf extract against pathogenic bacteria
Authors: Yoswaty Dessy , Nursyirwani  , Mulyani Isma , Sibarani Michael Parluhutan Jupiter
Published: November 2023

High levels of marine pollution are thought to trigger the growth of pathogenic bacteria and cause disease in farmed fish. One of the natural antibiotic alternatives to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria is Avicennia marina leaf extract. A. marina leaves extract is thought to produce bioactive compounds, antibacterial and stimulate the growth of endophytic bacteria. The study aimed to screen bioactive compounds and antibacterial activity of A. marina leaf extract against pathogenic bacteria. This survey research was conducted from March to May 2023. A fermentation process of mangrove leaves was carried out for 14 days, and the extract containing bioactive compounds was tested. Antibacterial test of A. marina leaf fermentation extract was conducted against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aeromonas hydrophila and Vibrio alginolyticus. The results showed that bioactive compounds from fermented A. marina leaves were identified, namely phenolics, saponists and terpenoids. Total colonies of endophytic bacteria ranged from 4.9 x 104 – 1.0 x 107 CFU/gram. The antibacterial test results of A. marina leaf extract were able to inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa with an inhibitory diameter of 7.5-11 mm (strong category), while A. hydrophila and V. alginolyticus with an inhibitory power of 2-5 mm (weak category).
Total organic matter, carbon organic, nitrate, phosphate content in sediment at mangrove ecosystem of Angke Kapuk Protected Forest, DKI Jakarta
Authors: Herawati Titin , Januaristy Dhyan Chairunnisa
Published: November 2023

The Angke Kapuk Protected Forest (AKPF) as a mangrove ecosystem faces contamination due to the presence of waste. The waste influence the nutrient content in ecosystem. This research aims to measure the content of total organic matter (TOM), organic carbon (C-Organic), nitrate, and phosphate content in the sediments of the AKPF, DKI Jakarta. The study used a survey method, sample selection using purposive sampling technique. TOM was observed using loss on ignition (LOI), C-Organic gravimetric method, while nitrate and phosphate potentiometric methods. The nutrient content in the mangrove sediments of AKPF was varied from low to high fertility. The average TOM in 3 sampling station 1 were classified as high fertility (17.39% – 26.14%). The average C-Organic in 3 sampling station were classified as moderate fertility (10.09% – 15.17%). The average nitrate in station 1 (0.385 mg/100 g), station 2 (0.28 mg/100 g) were classified as moderate fertility, while station 3 was classified as low fertility (0.195 mg/100 g). The average phosphate in 3 sampling station were classified as low fertility (0.05 mg/100 g – 0.07 mg/100 g). The nutrients were influenced by a large amount of plastic waste, such as buried and hardto-decompose plastic packaging of household products and other pollutants mixed with the sediments.
Estimating Impacts of Tsunami on Buildings around Ambon Bay of Indonesia
Authors: Renaldi Teuku Andri , Syamsidik  , Suppasri Anawat , Fatimah Eldina , Pakoksung Kwanchai , Puturuhu Ferad
Published: November 2023

Ambon is a city situated inside a long bay in eastern part of Indonesia. The city has been stricken by a number of tsunamis in the past. The last tsunami event was generated by a submarine landslide inside the bay that hit two villages in the city in 1950. Despite the long story of tsunamis inside the Ambon city, no study has been conducted to estimate the impacts of future tsunamis on the growing coastal area of Ambon. This study was aimed at assessing the building vulnerability in Ambon due to projected impacts of future tsunamis. A numerical simulation was performed to generate tsunami inundation areas in the city using Cornell Multi Grid Coupled Tsunami Model (COMCOT) based on maximum fault area in the segment. A series of field works to classify the building types in the city were performed in May 2023 on around 70,000 units of buildings along the bay of Ambon. The classifications were done using Hazard United States (HAZUS) frameworks. Tsunami fragility curves were used to estimate the impacts of the tsunami based on flow depths obtained from the numerical simulations. Based on the surveys, this study found that buildings within 200 m from coastline of the bay could be in Damage State 4 (DS4) which is the most severe impacts of tsunamis on buildings.