bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CONTENT AND DIRECTIONS OF ANTIBULING POLICY AT SCHOOL
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Udovenko Yulia , Gladyshko Evgeniya ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: June 2021

The article is devoted to the problem of bullying and anti-bullying policy in school institutions. The problem of bullying, from a scientific point of view, began to be studied at the end of the 20th century. Today, this issue is covered in all laws and programs related to ensuring a safe educational environment for participants in the educational process. Bullying, as a social and pedagogical problem, has been actively studied since the beginning of the development of information and communication technologies, which contributed to the rapid dissemination of not only verbal, but also media information: photo and video facts about manifestations of bullying between children. The article presents the results of the research "Unicef", "La Strada-Ukraine", which indicate the prevalence of the phenomenon of bullying among children. The essence of the concept of "bullying" is revealed, as well as categories that are close in meaning: "violence", "aggression", "bullying", "bullying", "conflict". The structural components of the roles of the bullying process are described: initiators or offenders, helpers of offenders, defenders of the victim, victims and observers. The article provides data on anti-bulging programs in foreign countries and focuses on the problem of anti-bulging policy in educational institutions of our country. Three main approaches that make up the anti-bullying policy of schools are analyzed: disciplinary, restorative and an integrated approach, which is implemented using two directions: managerial and educational. The directions of anti-bullying policy at school are presented, namely managerial and educational. The managerial direction is organized and implemented by the head of the educational institution. The constituent components of activities in this area are an analysis of the current situation in an educational institution, the development of an official position of the institution regarding bullying and informing all participants in the educational process about it, the development of rules of conduct for all participants in the educational process and informing about them, defining the responsibilities and responsibilities of participants educational process in relation to the rules of safe behavior in an educational institution, instructing employees, students and parents. Whereas the educational direction is characterized by informing, explaining, developing the skills of tolerance and non-violent communication of all participants in the educational process.
YOUNG PEOPLE’ PSYCHOLOGICAL READINESS FOR MASTERING THE SKILLS OF EMOTIONAL SELF-REGULATION
Authors:   Mykhailo Kotsyubynskyj State Pedagogical University in Vinnytsia, Korotsinska Julia
Published: June 2021

At the present stage of Ukrainian society, requirements to an individual’s social and professional aspects grow significantly: the present demands activity, purposefulness, mobility, flexibility, and self-confidence from young people. These qualities cannot be manifested without formed skills of emotional self-regulation. The article analyzes the study on young people’s readiness for mastering the emotional self-regulation skills. Four levels of readiness for mastering the emotional self-regulation skills were identified and described. All of them were determined by the following components: motivation for emotional self-regulation, emotional consciousness, emotional competence, effectiveness of emotional self-regulation skills. The correlations were determined between young people’s readiness for mastering the skills of emotional self-regulation and such personal characteristics as: reflexivity, emotional competence and emotional self-awareness. The young people’s awareness of the need for emotional self-regulation and knowledge about them, their emotional sphere and formed reflexivity are essential prerequisites to form such personal characteristics as emotional consciousness, emotional competence, emotional stability and emotional maturity. The article determines that personal motivation for self-development and emotional-volitional control influence positively on the emotional self-regulation skills. Young people who are able to monitor their emotional states and their causal relationships with other internal processes and with effectiveness of their activities have higher motivation for emotional self-regulation and a wider range of emotional self-regulative methods that help them to achieve adequate socialization and productivity. Many young people are agreed that the need to master the skills of emotional self-regulation and recognize the negative impact of uncontrolled emotions on their own lives, but do not apply this need in real life situations.
EDUCATION MANAGERS’ INNOVATIVE MANAGEMENT STYLES USED AT TEAMS: CORRELATIONS WITH EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS’ CHARACTERISTICS
Authors:   H.S. Kostiuk Institute of Psychology, the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Klochko Alla
Published: June 2021

Development of management innovative styles focused on labour at educational managers (“fear of poverty”, “authority – subordination”, “a holiday home”, “an organization”, “a team”) is described in the article based on the performed empirical study. Quantitative data on vectors showing educational managers activities revealed managers’ insufficient orientation “on tasks” and a significant predominance of “orientation on people”. Managers characterised by an imbalance between such managers’ activity vectors as “orientation on task” and “orientation on people”. The “organization” style was the most manifested innovative management styles at education managers; while, the “team” style was nearly absent, which meant that managers insufficiently focused on a result during implementation innovative methods. Correlations between educational organizations’ psychological characteristics (“organizational development”, “activity of a pedagogical team”) and education managers’ innovative styles focused on labour were analyzed. The more favourable working conditions were at educational organizations with effective business communication, the more often and better education managers applied innovative management styles. Organizational development contributes to the development of such innovative style as “organization”. The indicators of pedagogical team development (“organization”, “activity”, “cohesion”, “integrity”, “reference”) played a sufficiently important role in development of education managers’ innovative styles. The obtained results can be used in the practice of educational organizations and psychological training for educational managers.
EXISTENTIAL FULLNESS OF EMPLOYED RETIREMET-AGE WOMEN AND MEN
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University in Lviv, Partyko Tetiana , Levus Nadiia ,   Ivan Franko National University in Lviv
Published: June 2021

The role of adaptability and harmonius interpersonal relations on achievement of existential fullness by retirement age people was analyzed with the performed empirical study. The Existence Scale (ESK) (Längle, Orgler), S. Dukhnovsky’s method examining disharmony in interpersonal relations and the Social and Psychological Adaptation Questionnaire (C. Rogers and R. Diamond) were used. The study involved 100 employed people of retirement age (59-75 years), of which 46 women (average age was 63.6 years) and 54 men (average age was 64.9 years). Employed people of retirement age were characterized by moderate understanding of life meaning, women and men did not have significant differences in their existential fullness. Interpersonal relationships were mainly harmonious; women had a greater tendency to compromise and to control aggressive manifestations in comparison with men. Both women and men were moderately adapted to the social environment. Also, men and women showed a close link between existential fullness and retirement-age people’s tendency to adaptation, especially with regard to such characteristics as self-acceptance, acceptance of others, emotional comfort and internality. An important condition for employed retirement-age people’ existential fullness and understood life meaning was their self-confidence and positive self-attitude, friendly attitude to others and expectation of positive evaluation from them, as well as self-perception as an active subject of their activities. Adaptation and acceptance of others contributed to harmonious interpersonal relationships, and vise versa, if employed retirement-age people had harmonious relationships with others, they were better adapted. The link between harmonious interpersonal relationships and existential fullness is mainly mediated by an individual’s adaptive abilities, but this link can be direct at men. Women showed a wider range of links between harmony and adaptability, but men showed a wider range of links between harmony and existential fullness. If women tended to dominate in interpersonal relationships, demonstrating their superiority over others, they were likely to narrow their inner distance from themselves and their ability to assess a situation from the outside became worse, but their tensions decreased markedly. As for men, the role of dominance increased with age, but its effect on the existential fullness and harmony of relationships was not revealed. Women who avoided problems had increased tension and aggressive intentions, but it was unlikely to affect their existential experiences; on the contrary, as for men, problems avoiding reduced their ability to self-transcendence and freedom and was unlikely to affect the harmony of relationships with others. Women’s acceptance of others and emotional comfort were more closely linked to existential fullness in comparison with such characteristics at men.
Rough Best-Worst Method for Supplier Selection in Biofuel Companies based on Green criteria
Authors:   Department of Management, Faculty of Economics and Administrative Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran, Kazemitash Navid , Fazlollahtabar Hamed ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, School of Engineering, Damghan University, Damghan, Iran, Abbaspour Mohammadmahdi ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Mazandaran University of Science and Technology, Babol, Iran
Published: June 2021

This paper concerns with the integration of rough set theory with the Best Worst method to evaluate information system performance within supplier selection problem of biofuel companies. First, a set of main criteria and sub-criteria are collected and then to include uncertainty in decision making, rough set theory is employed. The rough best worst method is applied for weighing and supplier evaluation with respect to information system performance and environmental impacts. Further, a case study is conducted for biofuel company supplier selection and the results imply the effectiveness of the approach in tactical performance evaluation. The best criteria effective on the green supplier selection of ISs performance is determined to be Quality.
Assessing the performance of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) railways based on an integrated Entropy-MARCOS approach
Authors:   School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, China, Bouraima Mouhamed Bayane , Stević Željko ,   University of East Sarajevo, Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering Doboj, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Tanackov Ilija ,   University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Novi Sad, Serbia, Qiu Yanjun ,   School of Civil Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, China
Published: June 2021

In this study, the performance of Sub-Saharan African railways systems (SSA) is assessed by using an integrated Entropy-MARCOS (Measurement Alternatives and Ranking according to COmpromise Solution) - based methodology. In the first phase, the Entropy method is employed to determine the weights of each sub-criterion of the decision model. This process identifies six main criteria, i.e., safety, security, internal business aspect, intermodal aspect, innovation, and learning aspect, and customer satisfaction which are further supplemented by 13 sub-criteria. In the second phase, the MARCOS method is used to rank the countries based on their railway performance assessment. Based on the results from the proposed method, a sensitivity analysis was carried out through a comparative analysis with seven other multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methods. The results of the study indicate that the most weighted sub-criterion is the labor productivity (internal business perspective criteria) followed by the terrorist incidence (security criteria) and the number of employees going through training/exposure sessions (innovation and learning perspective criteria). Moreover, it was revealed that Kenya is the best alternative in terms of its railway performance followed by Ethiopia, Cameroon, Nigeria, and Ghana. Based on the findings from this study, decision-makers can be assisted during the operative, designing, and planning investigations of the railway system through the consideration of these parameters as insert indicators. Also, the findings can help as a benchmark for the performance analysis of other railway systems in other African countries.
KANDUNGAN NITRAT DAUN, PERTUMBUHAN, DAN HASIL BIOMASSA SAWI DAN PAKCOY PADA PEMBERIAN PUPUK NITROGEN ANORGANIK DAN KOMPOS AZOLLA SECARA BERIMBANG
Authors: Pratiwi Pratiwi , Marwanto Marwanto , Widodo Widodo , Handajaningsih Merakati
Published: June 2021

[LEAF NITRATE CONTENT, GROWTH, AND BIOMASS YIELD OF GREEN MUSTARD AND CHINESE CABBAGE FOLLOWING BALANCED APPLICATION OF INORGANIC NITROGEN FERTILIZER AND AZOLLA COMPOST]. The aim of this study was to determine the application rate of Azolla compost, either alone or combined with inorganic N fertilizers, to produce high biomass of mustard greens and Chinese cabbage with low leaf nitrate content. The pot experiments were carried out at the Research Plot of the Faculty of Agriculture located in Bengkulu University Campus from December 2019 to January 2020 with five treatments arranged in a completely randomized design with five replications. The treatments were 100% IF or IF100 (42.0 mg N/kg soil), 100% AC or AC100 (4000 mg/kg soil), IF75 (31.0 mg N/kg soil) + AC25 (1000 mg/kg soil), IF50 (21.0 mg/kg soil) + AC50 (2000 mg/kg soil), and IF25 (10.5 mg/kg soil) +AC75 (3000 mg/kg soil). The results showed that partial replacement of IF with AC (IF75 +AC25) produced plant growth and biomass yield similar to IF100 or higher than IF100  and AC100. The treatment produced plant biomass of 9.35 g plant-1 for green mustard and 167.10 g plant-1 for pakcoy, 32% and 35% higher than AC100 treatment respectively.  The leaf nitrate content was 1080 - 2760 mg kg-1 for green mustard and 2310 - 2820 mg kg-1for Chinese cabbage, lower than the maximum limit of safe nitrate for consumption which was set at 3100 mg kg-1. Overall, compared with their sole applications, the partial substitution of inorganic N fertilizer with Azolla compost represents the most effective practice to promote the biomass yield of low-nitrate green mustard and Chinese cabbage.
RESPON TANAMAN KUBIS (Brassica olacea var. capitata) TERHADAP KOMBINASI APLIKASI PUPUK ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK
Authors: Rini Erin Puspita , Sugiyanta Sugiyanta
Published: June 2021

[CABBAGE (Brassica olacea var. capitata) GROWTH AND YIELD AFFECTED BY COMBINATION OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC FERTILIZER APPLICATIONS]. The use of organic fertilizer increasingly sought by farmers due to the increase in demand for organic products by consumers and also awareness of the sustainability of the land. The use of organic fertilizers in the cultivation alone could improve the soil quality but needs to be balanced with inorganic fertilizers to meet the nutrient adequacy. This study aims to examine the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers combination on the growth and cabbage yield, and also to determine the most efficient dosage combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers. This research was conducted at the IPB Pasir Sarongge Experimental Station, Cianjur, West Java from November 2020 to February 2021. The study was compiled using RCBD with 4 replications and 7 treatments. The results showed the combination of 0.75 doses of inorganic fertilizer (150 kg/ha of urea, 75 kg/ha SP36, and 75 kg/ha KCl) and 3 tons/ha of organic fertilizer could increase 14.87 to 15.44% plant height and the number of leaves at 12.82 -15.11% compared to the same dose of inorganic fertilizer treatment alone. The combination of 1 dose (200 kg/ha of urea, 100 kg/ha SP36, and 100 kg/ha KCl) inorganic fertilizer application and 2 tonnes/ha of organic fertilizer could increase 50,60% yield/plot and yield/ha cabbage than 1 dose of inorganic fertilizer treatment..
Comparative assessment of reproductive abilities of crossbred heifers in the conditions of the Lower Volga Region
Authors:   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Slozhenkina M.I. , Kaidulina A.A. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Grishin V.S. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Karpenko E.V. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Surkova S.A. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production
Published: June 2021

Aim. To study in a comparative aspect the reproductive abilities of crossbred heifers obtained as a result of industrial interbreeding. Material and Methods. Zootechnical and mathematical methods of analysis, as well as the documents of zootechnical breeding records available on the farm, cards of breeding bulls-producers were used in the course of research. The digital material was biometrically processed on a PC using the Microsoft Office Excel program. Results. Studies have shown that crossbred young animal of all four experimental groups were characterized by high growth rates and gain in live weight. At the same time, the most weighty and forward were the three-breed hybrid Hereford heifers of the III group with the genotype ½ hereford x ¼ charolais x ¼ simmenthal. However, the rapid gain in body weight did not affect the age of the onset and end of puberty in young animals of this group and amounted to 258.30 and 316.22 days. respectively. In crossbred heifers of Kalmyk breed of group I with a genotype of ½ kalmyks. x ¼ salers x ¼ simmenthal faster than all their peers, puberty began and ended (249.30 and 301.40 days, respectively), which made it possible to start inseminating them first (485.50 days). Conclusion. In crossbred first-calf heifers of all four genotypes, good maternal qualities were noted, which allows them to be used in the formation of broodstock in beef cattle breeding. To increase the production of beef and improve its quality, it is advisable to effectively use the genetic potential of the Kalmyk and Hereford breeds.
Technological breakthrough of the agrarian-and-food innovations in dairy case for example of universal agricultural raw materials. Nanofiltration
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Khramtsov A.G. , Sergeev V.N. ,   Academy of food safety
Published: June 2021

Aim. Consideration nanofiltration as a process of membrane technology – directed and controlled filtration of whey through special semipermeable partitions (membrane filters) with a pore size of 1-5 nm, carried out at a pressure of 0.7-4.0 MPa with the release of particles with a molecular weight of 0.5-1.0 kDa. Discussion. Nanofiltration allows you to separate the whey as a system by the size of the components – microparticles and macromolecules. In this case, from pre – separated, processed by microfiltration and ultrafiltration of whey to nanoconcentrate (retentate) pass almost all the compounds of whey, and in nanofiltrate (permeate) - only monovalent ions of mineral salts and partially some organic acids. Nanofiltration, in the logistics of molecular sieve separation of whey, takes over from ultrafiltration and is a harbinger of reverse osmosis. The theoretical foundations of the nanofiltration process are developed at a fairly good level. The basic element of the process is the membranes. Based on the conducted research, we can recommend the nanofiltration process for industrial processing of salted whey into milk sugar (lactose) and for concentrating whey and its ultrafiltrates before electrodialysis or ion exchange desalination. Nanofiltration is already widely used in the production of high-quality lactose (milk sugar). Considerable interest nanofiltration cottage cheese (acid) whey with the purpose of concentration, demineralization and sensory nanoconcrete for the enrichment of ice cream. Conclusion. Nanofiltration can be quite reasonably used for processing, within the framework of the Technological Breakthrough, universal agricultural raw materials – for example, whey and its ultrafiltrates – for the purpose of concentration, directed demineralization, lowering the level of organic acids and controlling sensorics. The resulting nanoconcentrate (retentate) can be used to scale functional products.
A review of dissertations defended in the dissertation council D 006.067.01 of the Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-milk Production in 2020
Authors:   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Slozhenkina M.I. , Mosolov A.A. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production
Published: June 2021

In 2020, six dissertations were defended at the dissertation council D 006.067.01 on the basis of the Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, one of which for the degree of doctor sciences. The research is devoted to solving the actual problems of the production of livestock products: milk, pork, meat of broilers, chicken eggs, meat and ostrich eggs through the use of new feed additives. This article provides a brief overview of dissertations, shows the scientific novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the research carried out, and presents the results of implementation.
Falsafah Akhlak dalam Konteks Pemikiran Etika Modern
Authors: Makbul M
Published: June 2021

Islam adalah agama yang santun karena dalam Islam sangat menjunjung tinggi pentingnya etika, dan akhlak. Akhlak adalah hal yang terpenting dalam kehidupan manusia karena akhlak mencakup segala pengertian tingkah laku, tabiat, perangai, karakter manusia yang baik maupun yang buruk dalam hubungannya dengan Khaliq atau dengan sesama makhluk. Memang sangat mengenai persoalan akhlak untuk dibahas dan dielaborasi terutama dalam konteks kekinian karena akhlak sendiri merupakan suatu perwujudan sifat-sifat ketuhanan yang murni dan suci yang membawa manusia dalam kesempurnaan.maka menarik untuk mengkaji pokok masalah yang menjadi perhatian untuk diteliti lebih lanjut dalam kajian makalah ini adalah bagaimana Filsafat Akhlak dalam Konteks Filsafat Etika Modern
UKRN Position on Bureaucracy in Research
Authors: Group UKRN Steering
Published: June 2021

UKRN position statement on bureaucracy in research. Written by the UKRN Steering Group. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-SA).
DATA COLLECTION METHODS AND INSTRUMENTS RESEARCH
Authors: Makbul M
Published: June 2021

Regarding research, one of the most important things is collecting data, data is a collection consisting of facts to provide a broad picture related to a situation. Someone who will take a policy or decision will generally use data as consideration. Through data one can analyze, describe, or explain a situation. To reveal the facts you are looking for will show how important the things that have been described earlier are.With regard to data collection methods, instruments as well as validity and reliability in research, there are not a few misperceptions that are generally made by novice researchers in understanding the concept so that research results obtained with inappropriate methods will make research results unrepresentative and produce findings. and wrong conclusions
Government Efforts to Increase MSME Sales in Indonesia
Authors: Albert
Published: June 2021

UAS Perekonomian Indonesia
Degradable branched polycationic systems are promising gene therapy vectors
Authors: Dowaidar Moataz
Published: June 2021

Degradable branched polycationic systems have exhibited exceptional potential for nucleic acid delivery due to their good responsive degradability and exceptional transfection efficacy. We focused on current work on the development of ARP for nucleic acid delivery in this study. The results of numerous responsive degradable branching polycationic systems were assembled. For the synthesis of ARP, the typical amino-epoxy ring-opening procedure was primarily presented. For nucleic acid delivery, the properties of redox- and pH-responsive degradable branching systems were addressed. Despite great development, there are still a lot of barriers to overcome in this discipline. The step growth strategy is more convenient than the chain growth technique. However, the polydispersity index (PDI) of most branched polymers generated by the step growth process is relatively high, making biological investigations hard. As a result, regulating the batch-to-batch quality of branched polycations is important for the translation of ARP from laboratories to clinics. Furthermore, as diseases develop more complicated and treatment processes get more diversified, single-function nucleic acid carriers are increasingly unable to satisfy complicated needs. Nucleic acid carriers must be manufactured in a precise and multifunctional method. In nucleic acid-based therapy, branched polycations must have degradability, targeting capability, and multimodal therapeutic properties in addition to degradability. In the future, one problem will be how to develop degradable, targeted, and multifunctional branching polycations for nucleic acid delivery in a regulated manner. Degradable branching polycationic systems will have a substantial effect on nucleic acid delivery and will become key instruments for nucleic acid treatment as research improves and allied areas such as materials science and medicine improve quickly.
PELAKSANAAN QARDHUL HASAN DALAM PENDISTRIBUSIAN ZAKAT DI BAITUL QIRADH BAZNAS
Authors: Pitri Alisyah
Published: June 2021

Kajian dalam buku ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pelaksanaan qardhul hasan dalam pendistribusian zakat di Baitul Qiradh BAZNAS. Serta untuk mengetahui tinjauan hukum ekonomi syariah terhadap pelaksanaan qardhul hasan dalam pendistribusian zakat di Baitul Qiradh BAZNAS. Qardhul hasan Yaitu Pinjaman kebajikan yang diberikan oleh Baitul Qiradh BAZNAS selaku sahibul mal (pemilik harta) kepada Mustahiq yang memerlukan dana jangka pendek baik untuk keperluan bersifat konsumtif ataupun keperluan bersifat produktif (modal usaha). Kajian ini diharapkan mampu menjadi tambahan dan media pembanding dalam khazanah keilmuan di bidang muamalah, khususnya berkaitan dengan perkembangan pemikiran Islam dalam hal transaksi Qordhul Hasan. Penulis menyadari bahwa buku ini masih jauh dari kesempurnaan. Oleh karena itu kritik dan saran yang membangun sangat dibutuhkan guna penyempurnaan buku ini. Akhir kata saya berharap Tuhan Yang Maha Esa berkenan membalas segala kebaikan semua pihak yang telah membantu. Semoga buku ini akan membawa manfaat bagi pengembangan ilmu di bidang muamalah.
Anxiety and Depression among Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases in Pulmonology Unit of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital
Authors: Jha Nilam Kumari , Jha Komal Kant
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Anxiety and Depression is a common comorbidity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients. Impaired lung function is a risk factor for depression In COPD patients, reduced recreational activities and social Isolation is a major risk factor resulting in anxiety and depression. 

Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of Anxiety and Depression among the COPD patients at Pulmonology unit of Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital.

 Methodology: A hospital based cross- sectional research design was used for the study. A total of 185 patients with previously diagnosed COPD. Data were collected by using a face to face interview technique in patients to evaluate anxiety and depression using Nepali version of Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale questionnaire at Nobel Medical College Teaching Hospital, Biratnagar, Nepal from May to August 2020. Data analysis were done by descriptive and inferential statistics.

 Results: A total of 185 patients participated in the study, 157 patients (84.9%) had anxiety, 107 patients (57.8%) had depression and 102 patients (55.1%) had both anxiety and depression. There was statistically significant association of anxiety and depression in COPD patients with age, religion, occupation, smoking status, duration of illness, history of previous hospitalization, number of hospitalization in previous year, type of family, domiciliary oxygen therapy.

 Conclusion: The study concluded that anxiety and depression had been most prevalent in COPD patients. Therefore health personnel working in the Pulmonology unit should be aware the early assessment and treatment of anxiety and depression of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases patients.
Endoscopic Repair of Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Rhinorrhea with Multilayer Grafts
Authors: Manandhar Sriti , Meghanadh K R , Reddy N V R
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Endoscopic repair of Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea has been the most popular and the most accepted among the Otorhinolaryngologists. The advancement in the endoscopes enable surgeons to manage cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea adequately with good result.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcome of endoscopic CSF rhinorrhea repair with multilayer grafts. Outcome was identified in terms of postoperative complications like infection (mainly meningitis), nasal bleeding, graft failure and CSF leak, revision surgery.

Methodology: A retrospective prospective study was conducted in 21 patients who had undergone endoscopic CSF rhinorrhea repair with use of multilayer grafts in a period of January 2016 to December 2018 in Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery in MAA ENT HOSPITAL, HYDERABAD, INDIA. All the patients were diagnosed according to history, clinical examination, diagnostic nasal endoscopy, CSF fluid analysis and radiological investigation. The materials used for the repair of CSF rhinorrhea were surgicel, temporalis fascia, conchal chondroperichrondrium, middle turbinate free mucoperiosteum graft, thigh fat and fascia lata. The follow up period of patients range from 14-44 months. The outcome of endoscopic CSF repair with use of multilayer grafts was evaluated by electronic records regarding recurrence of CSF rhinorrhea post-surgery, hospital admission, revision surgery and digital record of rigid endoscopic findings for the status of graft uptake and CSF leak.

Results: In all patients, CSF leak was successfully repaired with use of multilayer grafts in first attempt without any complication. There was female predominance with male to female ratio of 1:6.The mean age of presentation was 43.09years. All 21 patients were presented with spontaneous CSF leak with unknown cause. In 21 patients only one patient presented with bilateral cerebrospinal fluid leak. Cribri form plate was the commonest site of defect in which defect medial to middle turbinate was the commonest followed by ethmoid roof and lateral wall of sphenoid. None of the patients developed meningitis after surgery. None of the patients required lumbar drain. None of the patients presented with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea postoperatively.

Conclusions: Endoscopic repair of Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea with the use of multilayer grafts is the safer and effective method with good outcome.
Preparedness for Mitigating Noncommunicable Diseases in Gaindakot Municipality, Nepal: Perspectives of Key informants
Authors: Sapkota Narayan , Paneru Damaru Prasad
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Non-communicable Diseases (NCDs) are the major public health problem that leads to high morbidity and mortality in the world including Nepal. Government of Nepal has launched the Multi-sectoral NCD Action Plan in 2014 and established NCD and Injuries Poverty Commission in 2016 for the management and control of NCDs nevertheless the implementation status and its outcomes are not identified till date at the local level.

Objectives: To explore the preparedness of the local government for the prevention and control of NCDs at Gaindakot, Nawalpur, Nepal.

Methodology: A qualitative study was conducted in the Gaindakot municipality; Nawalpur to document the key informant's perspectives on health system's preparedness to prevent the potential impacts of NCDs. Face to face Indepth interview was performed using open-ended questions. Interview guidelines were prepared on the basis of building blocks of health system. Information was processed basis on thematic analysis.

Result: The study revealed that health section has NCD preparedness structure but need to strengthening for the better delivery of health services. The study highlights that screening services and the medicine for major NCDs like hypertension and diabetes were available at local level. Limited budget was allocated and health workforce was not trained for NCDs prevention and control. There was no reporting mechanism for NCD related data from local level.

Conclusion: Basic medicine and screening services were provided from the local level to the selected NCDs such as hypertension and diabetes. There was no provision of reporting NCD related information and health workforce were not trained to respond NCDs. Local level health system strengthening is an urgent need to address the increasing burden of NCDs.
Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Evaluation of Traumatic Brain Injury in Head Trauma Patients in Tertiary Hospital of Eastern Region of Nepal
Authors: Yadav Ajay Kumar , Dev Binit , Taparia Sushil , Kumar Parvez , Mandal Rakesh , Vaidya Bivek
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in patients with head trauma is common cause for emergency visits to hospital affecting all age groups. It is one of important leading cause of death and disability worldwide besides leading to neurological disease burden. Noncontrast enhanced Multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) is imaging modality of choice for detection of various intracranial lesions.

Objectives: This study was done to analyse various imaging findings on MDCT in traumatic head injury patients along with association of CT findings with clinical manifestation and mechanism of injury.

Methodology: In this ethically approved prospective study, CT scan was done in 224 consecutive patients with head injury from November 2020 to February 2021. The various imaging findings seen in CT scan were documented in proforma. The data collected was analyzed with appropriate statistical test and statistical significance was calculated.

Results: Total of 224 patients with diagnosis of head injury were included in the study. The male to female ratio was 2.86 and most common age group involved was between 20-40years (41.1%). The most common mode of injury was road traffic accidents (57.6%) and most of the patients presented with history of altered sensorium (35.7%). About 47.3% patients showed abnormal findings on CT scan with scalp lesion was most common findings (82%) followed by skull fractures (54.7%) and cerebral contusions (43.4%). Patients with history of RTA had more abnormal CT scan (62%) than fall injury and physical assault. Statistically significant association seen between CT scan findings with Glasgow Coma Scale and RTA (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The present study showed well documented role of CT scan in diagnosis of TBI besides detection of spectrum of intracranial lesions in patients with head trauma. Road traffic accident is most common mode of head injury with most of the victims are young middle age active male.
Mortality Review of Children Admitted in Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Over One Year in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Shrestha Pun Narayan , Agrawal Sumit , R C Kosh Raj , Joshi Prakash , Rayamajhi Ajit
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Childhood mortality is still high in developing countries. This can be reduced with good preventive and curative services especially with critical care. The treatment of critically ill children must be focused for better outcome. The pediatrics deaths audit and review provide feedback to health workers and to the institution. The outcome measures of critical care medicine include mortality, morbidity and disability rate.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to review the causes and mode of death in children and length of PICU (pediatric intensive care unit) stay.

Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted of the patients who were admitted and died within the period of 16 July 2019 to 15 July, 2020 at PICU of Kanti Children Hospital (KCH). Variables recorded were patient's demography, diagnosis, co- morbidities, complications, length of PICU stay (LOS), mode and time of death. Data were tabulated into MS Excel and analyzed using SPSS version 23.

Result: Out of 718 admitted children, 99 (13.78%) died with male to female ratio of 1.8:1. The maximum death (75%) was observed in less than five year of age and most of them were from outside the Kathmandu valley. The leading causes of death were pneumonia (28%), sepsis (20%) and congenital heart diseases (21%). The common complications seen were disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), multi- organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), acute kidney injury (AKI) (5.1 %) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (6.1%) and co- morbidities were congenital heart disease (CHD) (18.2%) and global developmental delay (GDD) (9.1%). Mechanical ventilation was needed in 80.8%. Most of the cases (86%) died despite active treatment and (75%) during off hours (4pm-9am).

Conclusion: Pneumonia, sepsis and CHD were the main reason of death and most of them were from outside the valley.
Evaluation of the Effects of Ultra-Low Dose Naloxone on Brachial Plexus Block with Bupivacaine
Authors: Bhattarai Amit Sharma , Shrestha Gentle Sunder , Koirala Megha , Shrestha Pramesh Sunder , Marhatta Moda Nath
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Adjuvants are used in conjunction with local anaesthetics for brachial plexus block to quicken onset, prolong duration and augment the quality of anaesthesia.

Objectives: The study aims to evaluate the effect of adding ultra-low dose naloxone to bupivacaine on the duration of postoperative analgesia.

Methodology: A prospective, randomized, double-blind study was conducted including forty American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status (ASA PS) I and II patients of either sex between 15 and 65 years of age scheduled for upper limb surgery. They were randomized into two groups. Group BN received a mixture of 0.33% plain bupivacaine with ultra-low dose naloxone (100 ng) and group BS received 0.33% plain bupivacaine with saline. The procedure was standardized in both groups. The onset of sensory and motor block were assessed with pinprick sensation and muscle power respectively. Visual Analogue Score (VAS) was used to assess the pain at 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12 hours postoperatively.

Result: The patients were comparable with respect to age, sex, ASA PS, baseline hemodynamic and respiratory parameters and duration of surgery. The mean duration of analgesia in group BN was significantly longer (610.7±125.4 mins) as compared to group BS (354.3±59.6 mins) (p<0.001). No complications were noted in both the groups.

Conclusion: This study demonstrated that 100 ng naloxone, when used with 0.33% plain bupivacaine for supraclavicular brachial plexus block, prolongs postoperative analgesia significantly after upper limb surgeries, without any significant side effects.
Early Re- Laparoscopy in Suspected Bile Duct Injuries after Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Ghimire Roshan , Maharjan Dhiresh , Thapa Prabin
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Management of patients with suspected bile leak or bile duct injury after laparoscopic cholecystectomy is challenging. Early laparoscopy in these groups of patients will benefit in terms of diagnostic as well therapeutic purpose.

Objective: This study is done to assess utility of early re-laparoscopy in suspected bile duct injury in early postoperative period following laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Methodology: It is a descriptive study of all consecutive patients who underwent diagnostic as well therapeutic re-laparoscopy when required in suspected bile duct injury in early postoperative laparoscopic cholecystectomy that is within 72 hours of presentation. Study was conducted over a period from June 2019 to December 2020 at Kathmandu medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal. Relaparoscopic operative findings and therapeutic intervention done were recorded.

Result: The mean age at presentation was 34.6 years and male to female ratio was 1:1.8. During the study period, eleven patients underwent re-laparoscopy out of which one had no bile leak. Six out of ten were managed definitely in the same time of re-laparoscopy. However, four patients underwent definitive biliary reconstruction as they had already undergone arteriography in CT scan.

Conclusions: Early re-laparoscopy may be beneficial prior to detail radiological investigations in suspected bile leak patients. Early re-laparoscopy can be an effective diagnostic as well therapeutic tool; and also it can help in planning for definitive repair in later date.
Post operative nausea and vomiting, its causes, and the way of its prevention and treatment
Authors: Maharjan Surendra , Bing Zhang
Published: June 2021

Postoperative nausea and vomiting is still occurring in one third of the patient undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia even after following the guidelines and using multi modal approach for its prevention. Lots of studies have been done for its prevention but very few studies are done for its treatment in Post anaesthetic care unit after the failure of prophylaxis. The purpose of this article is to know about the risk factor, incidence of nausea and vomiting after surgery, its mechanism, available medication (pharmacological and nonpharmacological), reducing risk factor, and mainly to know about the method of using the antiemetic medication in PACU after the failure of the prophylactic medication.
Odynophagia: A Rare Presenting Symptom in Acute Myeloid Leukemia (FAB AML - M2)
Authors: Yadav Sudip , Kafle Neeta , Sapkota Sulav
Published: June 2021

Acute myeloid leukemia is more common in adults than in children population. Fatigue, bleeding and fever are the most common presentations. Petechiae, gingival swelling, lymphadenopathy and hepatosplenomegaly are common signs. Here we report a case of a 57 years post-menopausal lady with gum swelling and pain on deglutition for both liquid and solid foods. She was diagnosed with a case of AML- M2 on the basis of peripheral blood smear and bone marrow examination findings.
Ultrasound Guided Thoracic Paravertebral Block as an Analgesic Technique for Tracheoesophageal Fistula repair : A Case Report
Authors: Yadav Rupesh Kumar , Malla Sadichhya Shah , Thapa Anupama
Published: June 2021

Ultrasound has now become an eye of anaesthesiologist and has encouraged for its pervasive use. Its considerable use in the perioperative period for various invasive purposes has added an extra caution to prevent unforeseen complications over blind blocks. The ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block provides excellent perioperative analgesia following thoracic surgery. It can be given as a single shot or a continuous infusion technique placing a catheter. Here the local anesthetic agent is deposited in the paravertebral space from where the spinal nerve emerges which are devoid of coverings and are sensitive to local anesthetics. Even a single-shot block provides analgesia of 4-6 dermatomal levels. The use of local anesthetics using ultrasound not only adds safety measures to minimize procedural complications but also reduces the perioperative requirement of opioids. It also helps in the reduction of postoperative pulmonary complications and early extubation following thoracic surgery. We report a case series where single-shot ultrasound-guided unilateral paravertebral blocks were used as an analgesic technique for the repair of tracheoesophageal fistula in neonates. After delivering anesthesia and confirming the correct placement of the endotracheal tube the neonate was kept on the left lateral position to undergo right thoracotomy and repair of fistula. Scanning at T4 level with a linear probe was done to identify the transverse process, pleura, costotransverse ligament, intercostal muscle, and the paravertebral space where the local anesthetic agent was deposited under aseptic precautions. Tenting of pleura was the endpoint for the completion of the block. The extensive use of various regional anesthetic technique has significantly improved the postoperative outcome of the patients along with adequate perioperative pain management.
Research on surface morphology of polyaniline film affecting NH3 gas sensor efficiency at room temperature
Authors:   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Luyen Quoc Vuong ,   Ha Noi College of Electromechanics, Bui Van Dan ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Nguyen Trong Nghia ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education, Hoang Thi Hien ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education,   Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology,   Graduate University of Science and Technology,Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Ho Truong Giang ,   Institute of Materials Science, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Tran Trung ,   Hoa Binh University, Tran Thanh Binh ,   Ha Noi Industrial Vocational College, Chu Van Tuan ,   Hung Yen University of Technology and Education
Published: June 2021

In this paper, the authors presented some research results on the various surface morphologies of polyaniline (PANi) film, directly synthesised on Pt/SiO2interdigitated microelectrode area by electrochemical method. Theoutcomes of surface morphology and chemical composition structure analysis of PANi film were studied by Field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), respectively. The PANi film was fabricated with the nanowires (NWs) form with their diameter from 50÷100 nm. The length of several micrometers depends on aniline concentration and synthesis condition. The obtained consequences demonstrated that the PANi - NWs are fully potential objects for the detection of NH3gas at room temperature.