bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical characteristics and associated factors of cerebral palsy in pediatric population: a tertiary care centre clinicoepidemiological study
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Agrawal Renu , Tanwar G. S. , Agrawal Srishti
Published: February 2024

Background: Although, a highly prevalent disease, the etiology of cerebral palsy is still poorly understood thereby eluding a definitive prevention strategy. Our study aimed to evaluate the etiological, clinical and prognostic factors associated with cerebral palsy in children of western Rajasthan.
Methods: All cases of non-progressive neurological disorder in the age group of 6 months to 14 years were enrolled in the present study. Detailed assessment, CNS examination and related neuroimaging were performed. Statistical analysis was done by standard statistical methods.
Results: Maximum number of patients in current study were in the age group of 1-3 years. In our study according to sex, 40 (66.67%) were males and 20 (33.33) were females. Most of the patient in the present study were spastic quadriplegic type (40%) followed by spastic diplegia in 20% cases. As per gross motor function classification system (GMFCS) grading, maximum number of cases were 16 (26.67%) from grade 4. The most common sequelae in cerebral palsy were speech delay in 49 (81.66%) patients. Cortical atrophy was the most commonly (71.73%) seen abnormality on neuroimaging with CT-scan.
Conclusions: Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive CNS disorder which has a major physical as well as psychological effects on the children as well as their families. The present study highlights the importance of understanding epidemiological and etiological aspects of the disease in Indian scenario.
Effect of screentime in college students during the COVID-19 online classes on their neck posture and postural control: an observational study
Authors: P. Chaitra Bhat , Saji Rajina , K. B. Riyas Basheer
Published: February 2024

Background: Corona virus which is the source of severe acute pulmonary syndrome causes an airway tract contamination (COVID 19). Prolonged sitting for online classes in the college students leads to the enlarged postural deviation, increased low back pain. Prolonged static contraction of skeletal muscles of the cervical region, lower back leads to impaired flow of blood to the muscle groups together with edema and accumulation of waste metabolites will trigger the muscle spasm.
Methods: Total 30 college students aged between 18-25 years who attended the online classes during COVID-19 were included in this study by using a questionnaire. The outcome measures used were the measurement of CV angle, SEBT and BBS. The postural control was estimated by using star excursion balance test and Berg balance scale.
Results: Using Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient, a positive correlation was observed between CV angle and BBS (r = 0.82). Between BMI and CV angle there exists a statistically significant negative correlation (r = -0.564).
Conclusions: This study proved that there exists a forward neck posture in the students who attended the online classes during the COVID-19 pandemic and that also affected their postural control.
Case series to study the clinical features, risk factors, prognostic factors, and to assess the different management modalities of EPN and its outcomes
Authors: Jain Udit , Gaddam Yashwanth Kumar , Dayapule Sreedhar , Ravi Dinesh Kumar
Published: February 2024

Background: Emphysematous pyelonephritis is an acute necrotising infection of the kidney, often associated with high rate of renal loss and mortality. EPN mostly present with triad of fever, flank pain and nausea. The diagnostic tool of choice is CT KUB. E. coli is the most common pathogen.
Methods: It was prospective study done on 52 patients who were diagnosed to have EPN from department of nephrology and urology in Narayana Medical College, Nellore from March 2022 to January 2024. The diagnosis of EPN was confirmed by plain CT KUB scan.
Results: Among 52 patients 48 patients had diabetes mellitus (DM). left kidney involved in 28 patients and right kidney involved in 16 patients and bilateral kidney involvement in 8. Fever (92%), flank pain (88%) are the most common presentation in patients. Shock during initial presentation was seen in 19.5% of patients. E. coli growth was seen in 26.9% cases. 8 patients were treated conservatively with antibiotics according to culture and sensitivity. 32 patients required double J stenting, 7 patients required percutaneous nephrostomy. Nephrectomy was done in 5 patients. Mortality rate in our study was zero.
Conclusions: Nephrectomy should be promptly attempted for patients not responding to conservative methods. Pre-existing CKD status, shock at presentation and altered sensorium are the factors determining the prognosis and management.
Endoscopic decompression as management of uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus: case report and literature review
Authors: Agustin Blaz-Zavala R. , Alejandra Sanchez-Escobar , Antonio Espinosa-Nader Jose , Renata Diez-Gonzalez , César Reyes-Elizondo
Published: February 2024

Sigmoid volvulus is a cause of intestinal obstruction explained by the twist of the sigmoid over its mesentery. The colon is at risk of ischaemia due to alterations in the irrigation due to rotation of the mesentery and risk of perforation. Surgical management is suggested in complicated cases, but endoscopic management with decompression and detorsion may be suggested in the case of uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus, with risk of recurrence. We present the case of a 49-year-old male with a diagnosis of uncomplicated sigmoid volvulus resolved by decompression with rigid proctosigmoidoscopy and medical management with remission of intestinal occlusion, without surgical intervention. A case and review of the current literature are presented.
Ayurvedic management of pituitary macroadenoma-a case report
Authors: Vasanth Anuja K. , Giri P. V. , Marikutty T. C.
Published: February 2024

Pituitary macroadenoma is an infrequently encountered clinical condition, characterized by a non-metastasizing neoplasm situated within the pituitary gland. This case report endeavours to elucidate the efficacy of ayurvedic interventions in achieving symptomatic resolution. A 44-year-old female patient, residing in Thrissur, diagnosed with features suggestive of pituitary macroadenoma, sought admission to Vaidyaratnam ayurveda college hospital for complaints of generalized pain, heaviness of head, impaired peripheral vision in the left eye, and amenorrhea persisting for approximately 7 months. The case was conclusively diagnosed as Pituitary Macroadenoma and meticulously addressed through therapeutic modalities including takradhara, nasyam, and thalapothichil.  patient was already prescribed with Caberlin tablets at a dosage of 0.25 mg twice weekly, administered nocturnally. Following 21 days of treatment, notable improvement in the LBNQ-Pituitary score was observed from 60 to 21 accompanied by significant symptomatic alleviation. A specific treatment protocol for the management of pituitary macroadenoma is currently unavailable.
Spinal anaesthesia for emergency cesarean section in neurofibromatosis for an antepartum haemorrhage: a case report
Authors: Kour Gunmeet , Sharma Shivani , Sharma Deeksha , Singh Gurbir
Published: February 2024

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease and is usually diagnosed during childhood. Neurofibromatosis are group of genetic disorders that cause tumors to form, which can develop anywhere in the nervous system including brain, spinal cord and nerves. It poses a great challenge to the anaesthesiologist as it may have difficult airway, fibrosis in lungs and neuromas in spinal cord. Due to the involvement of CNS, regional anaesthesia in type 2 neurofibromatosis without careful preoperative examination can be extremely dangerous. Regional anaesthesia on the other hand could be useful in type 1 neurofibromatosis because CNS involvement is rare. This was a case report of management in a 24-year-old pregnant female with undiagnosed neurofibromatosis for an emergency cesarean section for antepartum haemorrhage and IUD under spinal anaesthesia. Although general anaesthesia is the safer option in neurofibromatosis patients, spinal anaesthesia can be a safe procedure in neurofibromatosis patients but special precautions should be taken to avoid neurological injury and uneventful anaesthesia.
Rapunzel syndrome and gastric Peutz Jeghers (hamartomatous) polyps: case report
Authors: Gaikwad M. D. , Choudhary Mohd Amir , Shaikh Bibi Zainab
Published: February 2024

Rapunzel syndrome is an extremely rare complication of a trichobezoar. These females have a history of trichophagia and trichotillomania. Peutz Jeghers syndrome (PJS) is an uncommon autosomal dominant syndrome with a variable to high penetrance that leads to the development of the polyps within the gastrointestinal mucosa. This case report of a 25-year-old deaf and dumb female presented with pain and lump in upper abdomen, vomiting, nausea, loss of appetite, loss of weight. An exploratory laparotomy with anterior gastrotomy was performed and a giant trichobezoar with tail extending into the duodenum was removed. There were multiple polyps in the lower stomach excised. Histopathology reports showed Peutz Jeghers (hamartomatous polyps). She recovered well and was discharged on the 10th day. Patient was advised regular follow up.
Castration resistant prostate cancer: from existing therapies to compounds under investigation
Authors: Bajaj Raveena , Pareek Anil , Purkait Indranil
Published: February 2024

Prostate carcinoma is a highly prevalent biologically and clinically heterogeneous disease. Unfortunately, within 5 years of diagnosis, 10-20% of patients acquire a castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in spite of multiple surgical and non-surgical therapy choices. The clinical context of CRPC is heterogeneous, encompassing patients with asymptomatic prostate-specific antigen (PSA) elevation following ADT failure and good performance status, as well as those experiencing severe, incapacitating symptoms and a rapidly progressing disease that ultimately results in death. Non-metastatic CRPC (nmCRPC) is a stage of the disease that is transient and is defined by certain criteria that are set within a certain time frame. Most patients with nmCRPC will eventually develop metastatic lesions, which are linked to morbidity and death specific to prostate cancer. Until 2010, the only treatments for patients with metastatic prostate cancer were androgen deprivation therapy and docetaxel. The advent of several hormonal and non-hormonal therapies such as abiraterone acetate, enzalutamide, apalutamide, cabazitaxel, darolutamide, the immunotherapeutic sipuleucel-T has brought about a paradigm shift in management of CRPC patients. These molecules have demonstrated a survival benefit in mCRPC & nmCRPC. For patients with advanced PSMA-positive mCRPC, 177Lu-PSMA-617 radioligand therapy offers a novel and efficacious therapeutic approach. PARPi are sensitive to tumors with gene mutations that impact homologous recombination repair, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 abnormalities in mCRPC. The goal of this study was to highlight recent developments in CRPC clinical trials as well as guidelines recommendations for CRPC.
Ceftaroline fosamil in the treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: P. Sahad , D. Chandrakala , K. Meghana , Gowda Medhini H.
Published: February 2024

Ceftaroline fosamil, a cephalosporin approved by the FDA for treating infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Staphylococcus aureus, particularly MRSA strains, poses a significant health risk due to antibiotic resistance. Ceftaroline fosamil is unique in its ability to bind to penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a) found in MRSA, inhibiting bacterial cell wall synthesis and causing bacterial death. The pharmacokinetics of ceftaroline involve rapid conversion to its active form, primarily excretion through the kidneys, and a plasma protein binding rate of approximately 20%. Ceftaroline is effective against complex skin and soft tissue infections (cSSTIs) and community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), especially when MRSA is suspected. However, its efficacy against gram-negative bacteria is limited. The safety profile of ceftaroline fosamil is generally good, with reported adverse events comparable to other comparator agents in clinical trials. It is contraindicated in individuals with hypersensitivity to cephalosporins. Comparative efficacy with other antibiotics like vancomycin and daptomycin is discussed, emphasizing the importance of considering individual patient characteristics and local prevalence of resistant bacteria. The use of ceftaroline fosamil in special populations, such as pediatric and adult patients. While its efficacy in pediatric MRSA infections is explored, the lack of large-scale clinical trials for certain conditions like MRSA bacteremia is acknowledged. Clinical outcomes, including successful treatment of MRSA bacteremia, infective endocarditis, central nervous system infections, and nosocomial pneumonia, are discussed, suggesting ceftaroline fosamil's potential as a valuable therapeutic option. The conclusion underscores its breakthrough status, offering hope in addressing MRSA infections and improving patient outcomes.
Outcome of varicose vein surgery in a general surgical unit
Authors: Rahman M. Shahinur , Sayem M. Abu , Khan Mohammad Khayrul Bashar , Alam M. Reazul , Azad M. Abul Kalam
Published: February 2024

Background: Varicose veins are tortuous, widened veins in the subcutaneous tissues of the legs and are often easily visible. In our country, we do have not sufficient vascular surgery centers or vascular surgeons. So general surgeons have training in vascular surgery and performing operations of varicose veins. This study aimed to show the operative procedure, results of treatment in terms of symptom improvement, and complications of varicose vein surgery done by general surgeons in a rural medical college hospital in Bangladesh.
Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Department of General Surgery in Sheikh Hasina Medical College, Jamalpur, Bangladesh from January 2017 to December 2022. A total of 20 patients were selected as study subjects by simple random sampling. Operative procedure depended upon pre-operative duplex imaging findings, and patients were kept under 6 months follow-up. The outcome was based on the cure and recurrence rate of varicose veins. Collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Analysis of data was carried out by using a statistical package for social science (SPSS) 22.0 for Windows. After analysis, the data were presented in tables and charts.
Results: It was observed that 3 (15.0%) patients experienced ulceration after surgical procedure, followed by 2 (10.0%) developed DVT, 1 (5.0%) patient had wound hematoma, and 1 (5.0%) patient showed recurrence. Concerning the outcome of varicose veins after surgical procedures, the majority (18,20.0%) of the patients showed complete cure, 1 (5.0%) patient presented with recurrence, and 1 (5.0%) patient developed complication.
Conclusions: Despite the relatively low occurrence of complications and recurrence following surgery for varicose veins, the substantial 90% cure rate it offers is noteworthy. This study underscores the feasibility of conducting varicose vein surgery by general surgeons equipped with training in vascular surgery, ensuring safety and minimizing complications.
Humeral shaft fractures in adults: management and evaluation of treatment in 50 cases
Authors: Camara Abdoulaye , Camara Nouhou M. , Diallo Mamadou M. , Lamah Léopold
Published: February 2024

Background: The management of humeral shaft fractures is a real challenge in our regions.
Methods: This was a prospective, descriptive single-center study involving 50 patients meeting our inclusion criteriaof colorectal carcinoma analysing incidence, clinicopathological features and outcome after different therapies including surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy.
Results: We enrolled 50 patients, 43 men (86%) and 7 women (14%), with a sex ratio of 3.07. Mean age was 32.3 years, with extremes of 18 and 79 years. The left side was affected in 46 cases (92%). Lesions were predominantly located in the middle 1/3 in 39 cases (78%). Treatment was orthopedic in 30 patients (60%). Surgical treatment was performed in 20 patients (40%), with screw-plate predominating in 14 cases (28%), followed by hackethal pinning in 5 cases (10%) and combined treatment in one case (2%). At six months' follow-up, our results were very good and good in 36 cases (72%) according to the modified Stewart and Hundley functional score.
Conclusions: Humeral shaft fractures are rare fractures for which orthopedic treatment is still indicated. Complications include radial nerve paralysis and pseudarthrosis.
Clonorchis sinensis: a mimic of hepatic mucinous cystic neoplasm or just a fluke?
Authors: Agrawal Tushar L. , Williams Brielle E. , Tran Bryan M. , Prabha Ramesh Damodaran , Pillai Sooraj , Sommerville Craig
Published: February 2024

Liver flukes, endemic in East Asia, are parasites that can infect humans and cause liver and bile duct disease. While most infected individuals are asymptomatic, chronic infection can lead to structural hepatobiliary manifestations including hepatomegaly, intrahepatic bile duct dilatation, epithelial hyperplasia, periductal fibrosis, and potentially cholangiocarcinoma. There are no reports of human cases of liver fluke infection presenting as a hepatic cystic lesion. We present the case of a 52-year-old asymptomatic Chinese immigrant presenting with a suspected mucinous cystic neoplasm of the liver. CT and Ultrasound examinations demonstrated an enlarging complex cyst involving segments II and III. Liver function tests, hydatid serology and tumour markers were normal. He underwent elective laparoscopic left hemi-hepatectomy with liver fluke discovered on histology. Subsequent genetic testing confirmed Clonorchis sinensis infection. The patient made an uneventful recovery from surgery and was treated with anthelminthic therapy. This case highlights the importance of considering liver fluke as a differential diagnosis for hepatic cystic lesions in patients from endemic regions. Appropriate diagnosis could avoid surgery, whilst targeted anthelminthic therapy minimises the risk of chronic infection and associated complications, including cholangiocarcinoma.
Incarcerated infraumbilical incisional hernia: a surgical challenge
Authors: Vagholkar Ketan
Published: February 2024

Incisional hernia continues to be the most challenging type of hernia. Variability in the anatomy and supervening complications add to its complexity. Infraumbilical incisional hernias are usually due to gynecological operations. This may range from a scar of tubal ligation procedure to a Pfannenstiel incision or an infraumbilical scar of caesarian section. The sparse volume of strong anatomical structures in this region poses the biggest challenge during repair. A 54-year-old lady presented with a hernia arising from a scar of previous tubal ligation surgery. The hernia was irreducible with a large mass of omentum in the hernial sac. Laparoscopy was difficult to perform in view of the current state. Hence open surgery was performed. The technique used was creation of a preperitoneal space followed by creation of space between external oblique aponeurosis and underlying muscle. A mesh as placed between the muscular and aponeurotic layer. The post-operative course was uneventful with no recurrence. The anatomical basis of placing the mesh between the muscular and aponeurotic layer or intermediate placement technique is discussed. Creation of space below the aponeurotic level is pivotal in managing infraumbilical incisional hernia. Placing a mesh at this layer below the aponeurosis ensures least complications with excellent result.
Spontaneous common bile duct perforation: a rare case report
Authors: Vidit  , Jangra Manish , Ranga Hansraj , Arora Bhavinder K.
Published: February 2024

Spontaneous common bile duct (CBD) perforation is a rare and life threatening clinical condition. The course of management and choice of surgical intervention depends on clinical presentation; site, size, nature of defect. It is usually reported in infants and adults due to congenital anomalies and following invasive procedure respectively but spontaneous CBD perforation in older age groups is rare without underlying cause presenting as acute abdomen. In this case report, an 82-year-old female presented to the emergency room with an acute abdomen diagnosed as spontaneous CBD perforation and its prompt management and its successful outcome.
An inguinal surprise: strangulated femoral hernia
Authors: Saad Syed , Ahmed Mansoor , Iddalagi Milind H.
Published: February 2024

Femoral hernias account for 2% to 4% of groin hernias, are more common in women, and are more appropriate to present with strangulation and require emergency surgery. This condition may lead to symptoms of bowel obstruction or strangulation and possible bowel resection-anastomosis. There are few reports of strangulated femoral hernia. Femoral hernias, often, are usually delegated to a secondary differential or if even rarer not considered at all during dubious presentations as groin swellings which are irreducible without the classical features which have usually been described in our surgical literatures, Inguinal being forefront for diagnosis. We herein present a 45-year-old female had come to the outpatient department at MVJ MC and RH with the complaints of swelling in the left groin for 5 years and pain for 8 days sudden onset with irreducibility, with no features of small bowel obstruction. She was diagnosed as having a left side obstructed inguinal hernia after appropriate radiological investigations and underwent inguinal exploration. Intraoperative diagnosis of left sided strangulated femoral hernia with omentum as its content was made. Omentectomy with herniorrhaphy was done and post-operative period was uneventful, and patient was discharged with regular follow up. Femoral hernias are more common in women and lead to a substantial over risk for an emergency operation, and consequently, a higher rate of bowel resection and mortality. Femoral hernias should be operated with high priority to avoid incarceration and be repaired with a mesh.
Complex stab related injuries involving the diaphragm, bowel and cystic duct: a case report
Authors: Jain Yash , Quraishi Abdul Haque M. , Tongse Pankaj
Published: February 2024

Penetrating abdominal trauma is a major killer worldwide. Biliary duct injuries resulting from penetrating stab wounds are rare but potentially life-threatening occurrences. This case report outlines a rare case, diagnosis, surgical management, and postoperative outcomes of a patient who sustained a cystic duct injury due to a penetrating stab wound. There is paucity of such cases in the literature. A 55-year-old man sustained a penetrating wound and was found to have cystic duct injury intra-operatively along with other multi-visceral injury. The patient underwent a cholecystectomy with the management of associated injuries. The report aims to highlight the rarity yet the possibility of such injuries and emphasize the importance of a high index of suspicion.
Effect of post-discharge postnatal educational intervention on maternal self-efficacy among low-income primiparas living in informal settlements in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Kamau Immaculate Wambui , Keraka Margaret Nyanchoka , Gitonga Eliphas
Published: February 2024

Background: Maternal knowledge and maternal self-efficacy (MSE) are crucial for the adoption of health-promoting evidence-based postnatal practices. Short hospital stay after normal deliveries curtails delivery of pre-discharge postnatal education thus inadequate knowledge and poor MSE. This is accentuated among low-income primiparas thus a need for post-discharge follow-up. Aim was to determine the effect of self-efficacy theory-based post-discharge postnatal education on low-income primiparas’ MSE.
Methods: A Quasi-experimental study on low-income primiparas residing in selected slums in Nairobi, Kenya. The control and experimental sites had 118 primiparas each conveniently recruited on early discharge after normal delivery from health facilities serving the slums. An interviewer-administered entry questionnaire was applied to collect facility and demographic data. The intervention group received post-discharge PNE intervention and routine PNC while the control group received routine PNC only. Perceived maternal parental self-efficacy scale was used to measure MSE at 6 weeks. Focus group discussions were conducted for qualitative data. IBM SPSS was used to analyze data. Independent sample t-tests and multiple linear regression were derived.
Results: There was a significant (t=12.322, p=0.000) difference in MSE between experimental and control groups. The intervention was a significant predictor of MSE (β=0.59, p=0.00). Respondents appreciated the multi-pronged learning methods, especially the community health volunteers. COVID-19 pandemic challenges such as loss of livelihood and disruption of social connectedness were highlighted.
Conclusions: Self-efficacy theory-based follow-up PNE intervention improves MSE among low-income primiparas thus a valuable complement to routine care.
Association between the RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine and under-nutrition in children aged 10 to 59 months in Siaya County, Kenya
Authors: Ochieng Benard O. , Awandu Shehu , Kariuki Simon , Kamau Alice , Asuke Benard , Amolo Asito , Aduda Dickens O. , Muok Erick
Published: February 2024

Background: Under-nutrition is a global problem associated with infectious diseases including malaria. In this study, we explored the association between the newly introduced malaria vaccine, RTS,S/AS01 and measles vaccine with under-nutrition in children.
Methods: We conducted a case-control study using anthropometric data for children aged between 10 and 59 months in Siaya County, Kenya collected from September to December 2021. Malaria and measles vaccines were the exposure variables, and under-nutrition, which is a composite variable including stunting and/or underweight was the outcome. Chi-square was used to test association between under-nutrition and the two vaccines. Further, a binary logistic regression was used to assess association between the vaccines, and independent variables with a confidence interval set at 95%.
Results: From a total of 1,701 children, 185 (16.8%) were undernourished. Among the undernourished children, 121 (11.0%) were stunted and 64 (5.81%) were underweight. The undernourished children were matched with children of normal nutritional status at a ratio of 1:1 giving a total of 370. Malaria vaccine coverage was low at 21.1% (39/370) and 17.3% (32/370) among undernourished and children with normal nutritional status respectively. Similarly, the measles vaccine coverage was 30.8% (57/370) and 36.2% (67/370) among cases and controls respectively. Neither exposure to malaria nor measles vaccines showed a statistically significant difference between the cases and controls.
Conclusions: We found no statistically significant association between malaria vaccine and under-nutrition in children. While malaria vaccine is important in protecting children from the malaria disease effects, it is not a proxy intervention for under-nutrition.
Interstate migration and its association with the prevalence of stunting in under-five children of the migrant families in Delhi-NCR, India: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Akkiraju Venkata Soujanya , Bhutia Aden
Published: February 2024

Background: Interstate migration in India is increasing every year. Children of the migrant families often face poor living conditions and insufficient nutrition, as a result of various socio-economic determinants. This study aimed to understand the association between rural-to-urban migration and under-five stunting, and the various determinants involved. This study allows researchers to make pre and post pandemic comparison of stunting among migrant children in Delhi, since it was carried-out post the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: A community-based cross-sectional survey was carried-out in the bhatti mines area of south Delhi, using a systemic sampling method. 100 households each of migrants and non-migrants were approached, and height of the under-five children was measured. Stunting was estimated using WHO child growth standards. Information on demography and socio-economic determinants was collected from the mothers using a questionnaire.
Results: Stunting was recorded in 62% of the migrant under-five children and 27% in the non-migrant children, with a significant difference between the two groups (p value <0.001), indicating a significant association between migration and stunting. Source of drinking water (p<0.05) and recurring episodes of diarrhea (p<0.05) were also found to be strongly associated with under-five stunting.
Conclusions: Under-five nutritional deficits lead to compromised immunity and delay in physical and mental growth and development. It is important to recognize and address the diverse needs of the under-five migrant population’s health in order to avoid stunting and other serious manifestations.
A study on knowledge, attitude and practices towards research among medical post graduate students
Authors: Junga Tejaswini , Naidana Partha Sarathy
Published: February 2024

Background: Research is crucial for the scientific progress of the health of individuals and communities. Understanding the concept of evidence-based medicine needs strong research knowledge. Research assures understanding of the subject and improves the knowledge of the students. This study was aimed to assess the level of knowledge, attitude and practices among medical post graduate students and to study the sociodemographic factors. And to determine the association of knowledge with various sociodemographic factors.
Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study conducted during a period of two months among the medical post graduate students studying in a private medical college. Knowledge, attitude and practice were assessed by using self- administered questionnaire among 117 post graduate students. Likert scale was used to assess the knowledge component.
Results: Among 117 study subjects 47% were first year 27.4% were second year and 25.6% were third year among which the overall adequate knowledge was 86.3%, positive attitude was 95.7% and good practices according to the study scale was only 29.1%.  Level of knowledge and practices were found to be having significant association with the academic year studying in (p value <0.05).
Conclusions: The post graduate students had adequate knowledge and positive attitude but had poor practices towards research. Adequate research helps to bridge the gaps in research and help the future generations in developing new interventions.
Perceptions of volunteers on the effectiveness of Kenya Medical Training College-run free medical camps in enhancing access to healthcare by vulnerable communities
Authors: Ombasa Zachary O. , Nyachae Jonah R. , Mutiso Urbanus , Mutiso Raphael , Kwinga Nicholas , Kaloki Luciana , Musovya James , Kinyae Vincent , Nguutu Gilbert K. , Nthei Emma , Mwangi Loise , Jonah Luciah , Mutisya Redempta
Published: February 2024

In certain regions of Kenya, such as Nyahururu, Kabarnet, Kasikeu, and Mbooni, inadequate access to healthcare services contributes to avoidable deaths. Organizations like the Kenya Medical Training College (KMTC) address this challenge by organizing free medical camps, involving both local and international volunteer healthcare workers. This study explored the effectiveness of KMTC's free medical camps through interviews with 18 key informants, including faculty, non-faculty members, and community leaders from purposefully sampled hardship areas, namely, Nyahururu, Kabarnet, Kasikeu, and Mbooni. The study found that KMTC's free clinics offered crucial services like curative care, immunization, maternal and child health services, disease sensitization, reproductive health services, and substance abuse education. However, limitations were identified, including a shortage of medications, lack of specialized screening, follow-up care, and referral services. Resources available included community health volunteers, KMTC and hospital staff, socio-structural support, and physical infrastructure. Challenges faced by volunteers included motivation issues, inadequate facilitation, limited stakeholder involvement in planning, and perceived service comprehensiveness issues. Despite these challenges, the community acknowledged the vital role of medical camps in delivering essential services to marginalized groups. Addressing resource shortages, enhancing stakeholder engagement, improving service comprehensiveness, and boosting volunteer motivation were highlighted as crucial steps to maximize community benefits.
CULTURA MATERIAL EM PRÁTICAS FUNERÁRIAS NO OESTE AFRICANO (SÉCULOS 16-17)
Authors: Silva Santos Vanicléia , Freitas Roberth Daylon
Published: February 2024

O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a materialidade das práticas funerárias no Oeste africano no Baixo Casamansa nos séculos 16 e 17. A importância da vida após a morte era o fio condutor das práticas funerárias. Neste texto discutimos os contextos históricos em que aconteciam os ritos funerários, bem como os materiais que os mortos levavam consigo para o outro mundo. Esta análise do rito e das práticas de sepultamento permite compreender uma série de articulações de cunho político, econômico, social e cultural das realidades locais. As práticas cerimoniais na região de Cacheu e em Serra Leoa eram diferentes. Apesar disso, argumentamos que, nas duas regiões, os sepultamentos estavam no centro das relações de sociabilidades entre vivos e ancestrais, bem como entre pessoas do mesmo grupo.
Problems of Harmonization of the Regulatory Framework of the EAEU Countries in the Green Financing Sphere
Authors:   Head of the Center for Legal Studies of Digital Technologies of the State Academic University for the Humanities, LL.D., Professor, Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Sannikova Larisa V.
Published: February 2024

The formation of a single economic space within the EAEU necessitates harmonisation of the legislation of the Union’s member states in various areas, including green finance. The article analyses the actions of the Eurasian Economic Commission within the framework of the climate agenda, as well as the steps taken by the EAEU member states to establish national green finance systems. Based on this research, the author concludes that Russia needs to intensify its efforts to consolidate EAEU approaches to creating a single green finance system, and to seek to facilitate access for EAEU green finance participants to the Russian financial market.
Contemporary Challenges and Prospects of Development of the Russian Banking System in the Conditions of Digitalization
Authors:   Head of the Department of Entrepreneurial Law of the Ural State Law University Named after V.F. Yakovlev, Director of the Eurasian Research Center for Comparative and International Entrepreneurial Law, Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, LL.D., Professor, Belykh Vladimir S.
Published: February 2024

The article pays special attention to modern challenges and prospects for the development of the Russian banking system in the context of digitalization of the economy and business. In particular, it is noted that the banking system of Russia (like the entire world system) is going through hard times associated with global geopolitical and economic sanctions. Such concepts as “digital economy”, “real sector of the economy”, “financial sector of the economy” are revealed and the close connection and interdependence between these sectors of the economy are shown. A general conclusion is formulated that digitalization has captured various segments of the economy, including banking, the real and financial sectors of the economy. Digital ruble are shown.
Embezzlement of Non-Cash Money: New Benchmarks for the Law Enforcer in the Determination of the Crime Place and Time
Authors:   Professor of the Department of Criminal Law and Procedure of the Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named after M.V. Lomonosov, LL.D., Associate Professor, Skripchenko Nina Yu.
Published: February 2024

The practical relevance of the norms providing for liability for theft from a bank account revealed the lack of uniformity in the qualification of objectively similar acts, determining the adoption in 2021 by the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation of acts that guide the law enforcement officer on the issues of distinguishing between related compositions and determining the place of theft of electronic money, linking it with the location of the credit institution servicing the victim’s card. The implementation of the new approach led to a bias in the workload of law enforcement agencies, determining a change in the position of the Plenum in 2022, which “transferred” the place of the theft to the place of “withdrawal of funds”, and the place of fraud to the “place of action by the person”. The new benchmarks make it possible to decentralize remote theft from credit institutions, solving organizational issues, but may destabilize the practice of determining the moment when the types of theft in question end and pose a threat of infringement on the rights of victims.
Sustainable rice farming in Indonesia
Authors:   Kuningan University, Ismail AY , Nainggolan MF ,   Universitas St Thomas Medan, Andayani SA ,   Majalengka University, Isyanto AY ,   University of Galuh
Published: February 2024

Rice is the main food in Indonesia, so increase in rice production must be achieved in a sustainable manner to maintain food security. The research case study is rice farming in Pancur Batu sub-district. The research method uses mixed methods (quantitative and qualitative) with quantitative dominance. The Objective of this study was to determine the implementation of sustainable rice farming in the Pancur Batu sub-district. The research tools used to evaluate the Sustainability Model in rice farming are Multi-Dimensional Scaling Analysis (MDS) with Rapid Appraisal Technique for Fisheries (RAPFISH) program analysis. indicators and criteria for the sustainability of rice farming are divided into ecological, economic and social dimensions, then input into the Rapid Appraisal Technique for Fisheries (RAPFISH) program. The results of the research showed that the social dimension had the highest sustainability index, namely 75.13 which indicates that the social dimension in the research location is quite sustainable, the ecological dimension with a sustainability index of 54.44 indicates that the ecological dimension is quite sustainable, and the lowest dimension value was the economic dimension with a sustainability index value of 43.58. This sustainability index value indicates that economic dimension of rice farming in the research location is not sustainable. The sustainability status of rice farming in the study area is multidimensional with an index value of 72. This index value indicates that the sustainability of rice farming in the study area is quite sustainable. The conclusion from this study was that the most sensitive and influential attributes for rice farming in the study area were: first, the ecological dimensions: (a) water availability, (b) pest attack rate, (c) land conversion rate; the economic dimension: (a) The price level of production inputs (fertilizers and pesticides), (b) The level of labor wages, (c) The level of availability of production inputs and social dimension which is counseling. Key words: Sustainability, Rice Farming, Social Dimension, Economic Dimension, Ecological Dimensions, RAPFISHS
Exposure of Kiandutu slum residents to aflatoxin through maize-based products consumption
Authors:   University of Nairobi, Wanjiru JW , Njue LG ,   University of Nairobi, Okoth MW ,   University of Nairobi, Karau GM ,   Kenya Bureau of Standards
Published: February 2024

Kenyans have been highly affected by aflatoxicosis for a long time because of excessive exposure to high aflatoxin containing maize-based products. Maize has been the staple food in Kenya which is more highly consumed than any other cereal product. Many countries with strict aflatoxin threshold application, have consumers who still consume maize-based products, which has not gone through testing. The more remote and lower income areas are more affected by untested maize, ending up exposing themselves to Hepatocellular carcinoma which is a health hazard. The study was designed to determine the exposure of aflatoxin in Kiandutu slum which is a marginalized area in Thika, Kiambu County, Kenya. Ninety seven households were used in the study where number of maize-based products obtained from each household was sampled. Quantitative analysis was used to determine the aflatoxin levels by use of ELISA method. Questionnaires were used to collect the consumption data and sampling of maize- based products was done purposively. Aflatoxins were found in 30.93% of maize flour at between 0 to 34.19 µg /kg, 29.33% of composite flour at between 0 to 30.06 µg /kg, 18.67% of maize grain at between 0 and 20.92 µg /kg and 6.97% of Muthokoi at between 0 to 7.14 µg /kg. Across all sampled households, daily consumption of maize-based products in kilograms per body weight was found to be highest in maize flour, followed by whole maize grains, composite flour and muthokoi in that order. Monte Carlo risk simulation was used to generate the quantitative exposure data. Daily maize flour consumption was higher than other maize-based products with a mean of 0.0038 kg/kg bw/day. It also had the highest daily aflatoxin exposure at a mean of 0.0301 µg/kg/bw/day. The percentage level of the health risk was found to be highest through maize flour consumption at 68.65. Results showed that the frequency of consumption of maize-based products is an important contributor to dietary exposure risk. Key words: Aflatoxin, Exposure, Slum, Food safety, Maize-based products, Households, population
Abortions From a Clinical Social Aspect - A Historical View: The Case of the Jewish Society in Palestine During the Early 20th Century
Authors: Rosenberg Friedman* Lilach
Published: February 2024

The legality of abortions and the decreasing birthrate are topics that regularly emerge on the global public agenda, sparking intense social, legal, and political discussions. These issues delve into matters of morality, human rights, individual status within society, and the boundaries of state authority in this regard [1]. Interestingly, the State of Israel stands out in this regard. In 2019, Israel's birthrate (the birthrate is defined as the number of births relative to the population) was 3.1 children per woman-the highest among OECD countries and surpassing that of many developing nations (excluding Africa) [2]. This notable figure is particularly intriguing as it arises not only from the inclination for higher birthrates within the traditional and religious sectors of Israel but also among educated, established, and secular women-unlike from trends seen in other developed countries [3].
Prevalensi Cacing Jantung (Dirofilaria immitis) pada Anjing di Kota Pontianak Periode 2020-2022 serta Potensinya Muncul Kembali Sebagai Zoonosis
Authors: Sukariada I Putu Juli , Puspitayani Putu Mira , Suhendro Maulid Dio , Suprapti Dwi
Published: February 2024

ndonesia sebagai negara beriklim tropis, memiliki tingkat kejadian penyakit zoonosis yang cukup tinggi, terutama penyakit zoonosis yang penularannya melalui gigitan nyamuk Culex sp., yaitu Dirofilariasis. Dirofilariasis merupakan penyakit zoonosis yang sangat perlu mendapat perhatian di Indonesia. Dirofilariasis disebabkan oleh infeksi cacing Dirofilaria immitis, golongan nematoda yang hidup pada arteri pulmonalis, ventrikel kanan jantung, ruang mata depan dan rongga peritonium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kasus Dirofilariasis yang terjadi diKotaPontianakdaritahun2020sampaidengantahun2022.DatakejadianDirofilariasisyangterjadidi Kota Pontianak diperoleh dari hasil uji natif darah, sitologi ulas darah dan Rapid Test AntigenterhadapsampeldarahanjingyangdibawadatangkeKlinikHewanPurnama,Pontianakdengangejalaklinis batuk, dispnea, penurunan bobot badan, mudah lelah, hemoptisis, sianosis dan gagal jantungkongestif.BerdasarkandatapasienyangdatangkeKlinikHewanPurnamatercatatsebanyak55ekoranjing yang datang ke klinik dari tahun 2020 sampai tahun 2022 menunjukkan gejala terindikasidirofilariasis, setelah dilakukan rangkaian pemeriksaan ditemukan sebanyak 43 ekor anjing positif terinfeksi Dirofilariasis dan terkonfirmasi ditemukan adanya mikrofilaria pada pemeriksaan sitologi.Pemeriksaan mikrofilaria di dalam darah umumnya memiliki sensitivitas yang rendah, karena adanyainfeksi tanpa mikrofilaria pada darah perifer (occult infections).Pada penelitian ini, anjing yang didiagnosis positif dengan pemeriksaan serologi juga terkonfirmasi positif ditemukan mikrofilariapada pemeriksaan sitologi. Kejadian Dirofilariasis di Kota Pontianak dari tahun 2020 sampai tahun2022 sebesar 78,2%. Angka tersebut menunjukkan bahwa tingkat infeksi D. immitis pada anjing di Kota Pontianak sangat tinggi dan berpotensi memunculkan kembali zoonosis diroflariasis.
Laporan Kasus: Penanganan Pyometra Tertutup Disertai Kalkuli Vesika Urinaria pada Anjing Pomeranian Berusia Tujuh Tahun
Authors: Utomo Bravanasta Glory Rahmadyasti , Pemayun I Gusti Agung Gede Putra , Wirata I Wayan , Erawan I Gusti Made Krisna , Batan I Wayan
Published: February 2024

Pyometra adalah kondisi peradangan pada endometrium mengakibatkan akumulasi nanah di dalam rahim. Pyometra dapat terjadi secara kronis (pyometra terbuka) dan secara akut (pyometra tertutup). Pyometra tersebut harus segera mendapatkan penanganan karena sifatnya gawat darurat. Masalah kesehatan pada sistem perkencingan juga banyak ditemukan pada anjing, salah satunya adalah kalkuli vesika urinaria (VU). Kalkuli adalah kondisi terbentuknya urolith pada saluran perkencingan terutama di VU. Tujuan penulisan artikel ini adalah untuk mengungkap kejadian pyometra yang berlangsung secara bersamaan dengan kalkuli VU pada anjing. Anjing ras pomeranian, berusia tujuh tahun, jenis kelamin betina, dengan bobot 2,3 kg, dibawa oleh pemiliknya ke Laboratorium Ilmu Bedah Veteriner FKH Unud dengan keluhan terjadi pembesaran pada bagian perut. Berdasarkan anamnesis dan gejala klinis yaitu pembesaran abdomen serta keluarnya leleran berwarna putih dan berbau dari vagina. Pemeriksaan klinis, dan pemeriksaan penunjang yaitu pemeriksaan hematologi rutin, pemeriksaan biokimia darah, menunjukkan leukositosis dan trombositopenia yang parah. Pemeriksaan radiografi rongga abdomen, dan pemeriksaan ultrasonografi, menunjukkan hasil adanya penebalan dinding dan pembesaran uterus serta gambaran hipoekoik di dalam uterus, serta hasil radiografi memperlihatkan adanya massa radiopaque bulat pada VU, anjing menderita pyometra tertutup disertai dengan adanya kalkuli pada VU. Penanganan yang diberikan berupa tindakan pembedahan ovariohysterectomy untuk mengangkat rahim dan sistotomi untuk mengeluarkan batu dari dalam VU. Premedikasi yang diberikan adalah Atropine Sulfate dengan dosis 0,02 mg/kg BB secara subkutan dan kemudian diinduksi menggunakan kombinasi Xylazine 0,87 mg/kg BB dan Ketamin 4,35 mg/kg BB secara intravena. Selama operasi diberikan tambahan anestesi dengan dosis yang sama dengan dosis awal pemberian. Pada hari kedua setelah operasi kondisi anjing menurun dan akhirnya mati.
Intervenção no Consumo de Álcool durante a Gravidez em Portugal
Authors: Matos Pereira Inês , Vidó Inês , Nogueira Violeta , Teixeira Joana
Published: February 2024

N/a.