bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of R5 and G12 Antibody-Based ELISA Used for the Determination of the Gluten Content in Official Food Samples
Authors: Hochegger Rupert , Mayer Walter , Prochaska Manuela
Published: November 2015

Celiac Disease (CD) is one of the most common food intolerances. It comes along with serious damage of the mucosa in the small intestine and is caused by the storage proteins—termed “gluten”—of wheat, rye, barley and possibly oats. Sensitive individuals need to stick to a strict gluten-free diet. The gluten level in food products labeled as “gluten-free”, must not exceed 20 mg/kg. It is obvious that effective test methods are needed to accurately determine the gluten concentration in foods. The determination of the presence of gluten in foodstuffs is mainly done by means of an immunochemical method called ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). To check the suitability of a G12 antibody-based gluten detection kit for its use in official control systems a number of routine samples were tested in parallel with two different test kits, as would be done in a routine lab. The determination of the gluten content was performed on samples entering the official laboratory including samples from official control plans, commercially available and private samples to request gluten-free labels. The results obtained with the G12 antibody ELISA assay were comparable to the official R5 method. A validation of the two different methods was not part of this study.
Physiological and Psychological Effects of a Walk in Urban Parks in Fall
Authors: Song Chorong , Ikei Harumi , Igarashi Miho , Takagaki Michiko , Miyazaki Yoshifumi
Published: November 2015

In recent times, attention has been focused on the role of urban green spaces in promoting human health and well-being. However, there is a lack of evidence-based research on the physiological effects of walking in urban green areas. This study aimed to clarify the physiological and psychological effects of walking in urban parks during fall. Twenty-three males (mean age 22.3 ± 1.2 years) were instructed to walk predetermined 15-min courses in an urban park and in a nearby city area (control). Heart rate and heart rate variability were measured to assess physiological responses, and the semantic differential method, Profile of Mood States, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory were used to measure psychological responses. We observed that walking in an urban park resulted in a significantly lower heart rate, higher parasympathetic nerve activity, and lower sympathetic nerve activity than walking through the city area. In subjective evaluations, participants were more “comfortable,” “natural,” “relaxed,” and “vigorous” after a walk in the urban park. Furthermore, they exhibited significantly lower levels of negative emotions and anxiety. These findings provide scientific evidence for the physiological and psychological relaxation effects of walking in urban parks during fall.
Perceived Relevance of Educative Information on Public (Skin) Health: Results of a Representative, Population-Based Telephone Survey
Authors: Haluza Daniela , Schwab Markus , Simic Stana , Cervinka Renate , Moshammer Hanns
Published: November 2015

Individual skin health attitudes are influenced by various factors, including public education campaigns, mass media, family, and friends. Evidence-based, educative information materials assist communication and decision-making in doctor-patient interactions. The present study aims at assessing the prevailing use of skin health information material and sources and their impact on skin health knowledge, motives to tan, and sun protection. We conducted a questionnaire survey among a representative sample of Austrian residents. Print media and television were perceived as the two most relevant sources for skin health information, whereas the source physician was ranked third. Picking the information source physician increased participants’ skin health knowledge (p = 0.025) and sun-protective behavior (p < 0.001). The study results highlight the demand for targeted health messages to attain lifestyle changes towards photo-protective habits. Providing resources that encourage pro-active counseling in every-day doctor-patient communication could increase skin health knowledge and sun-protective behavior, and thus, curb the rise in skin cancer incidence rates.
The Function of Autophagy in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Kiriyama Yoshimitsu , Nochi Hiromi
Published: November 2015

Macroautophagy, hereafter referred to as autophagy, is a bulk degradation process performed by lysosomes in which aggregated and altered proteins as well as dysfunctional organelles are decomposed. Autophagy is a basic cellular process that maintains homeostasis and is crucial for postmitotic neurons. Thus, impaired autophagic processes in neurons lead to improper homeostasis and neurodegeneration. Recent studies have suggested that impairments of the autophagic process are associated with several neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and static encephalopathy of childhood with neurodegeneration in adulthood. In this review, we focus on the recent findings regarding the autophagic process and the involvement of autophagy in neurodegenerative diseases.
Exploring Different Strategies for Efficient Delivery of Colorectal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Lin Congcong , Ng Huei , Pan Weisan , Chen Hubiao , Zhang Ge , Bian Zhaoxiang , Lu Aiping , Yang Zhijun
Published: November 2015

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the world. Currently available chemotherapy of CRC usually delivers the drug to both normal as well as cancerous tissues, thus leading to numerous undesirable effects. Much emphasis is being laid on the development of effective drug delivery systems for achieving selective delivery of the active moiety at the anticipated site of action with minimized unwanted side effects. Researchers have employed various techniques (dependent on pH, time, pressure and/or bacteria) for targeting drugs directly to the colonic region. On the other hand, systemic drug delivery strategies to specific molecular targets (such as FGFR, EGFR, CD44, EpCAM, CA IX, PPARγ and COX-2) overexpressed by cancerous cells have also been shown to be effective. This review aims to put forth an overview of drug delivery technologies that have been, and may be developed, for the treatment of CRC.
CpLEA5, the Late Embryogenesis Abundant Protein Gene from Chimonanthus praecox, Possesses Low Temperature and Osmotic Resistances in Prokaryote and Eukaryotes
Authors: Liu Yiling , Xie Lixia , Liang Xilong , Zhang Shihong
Published: November 2015

Plants synthesize and accumulate a series of stress-resistance proteins to protect normal physiological activities under adverse conditions. Chimonanthus praecox which blooms in freezing weather accumulates late embryogenesis abundant proteins (LEAs) in flowers, but C. praecox LEAs are little reported. Here, we report a group of five LEA genes of C. praecox (CpLEA5, KT727031). Prokaryotic-expressed CpLEA5 was employed in Escherichia coli to investigate bioactivities and membrane permeability at low-temperature. In comparison with the vacant strains, CpLEA5-containing strains survived in a 20% higher rate; and the degree of cell membrane damage in CpLEA5-containing strains was 55% of that of the vacant strains according to a conductivity test, revealing the low-temperature resistance of CpLEA5 in bacteria. CpLEA5 was also expressed in Pichia pastoris. Interestingly, besides low-temperature resistance, CpLEA5 conferred high resistance to salt and alkali in CpLEA5 overexpressing yeast. The CpLEA5 gene was transferred into Arabidopsis thaliana to also demonstrate CpLEA5 actions in plants. As expected, the transgenic lines were more resistant against low-temperature and drought while compared with the wild type. Taken together, CpLEA5-conferred resistances to several conditions in prokaryote and eukaryotes could have great value as a genetic technology to enhance osmotic stress and low-temperature tolerance.
Alteration of the Donor/Acceptor Spectrum of the (S)-Amine Transaminase from Vibrio fluvialis
Authors: Genz Maika , Vickers Clare , Van den Bergh Tom , Joosten Henk-Jan , Dörr Mark , Höhne Matthias , Bornscheuer Uwe
Published: November 2015

To alter the amine donor/acceptor spectrum of an (S)-selective amine transaminase (ATA), a library based on the Vibrio fluvialis ATA targeting four residues close to the active site (L56, W57, R415 and L417) was created. A 3DM-derived alignment comprising fold class I pyridoxal-5′-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzymes allowed identification of positions, which were assumed to determine substrate specificity. These positions were targeted for mutagenesis with a focused alphabet of hydrophobic amino acids to convert an amine:α-keto acid transferase into an amine:aldehyde transferase. Screening of 1200 variants revealed three hits, which showed a shifted amine donor/acceptor spectrum towards aliphatic aldehydes (mainly pentanal), as well as an altered pH profile. Interestingly, all three hits, although found independently, contained the same mutation R415L and additional W57F and L417V substitutions.
Detecting Structural Features in Metallic Glass via Synchrotron Radiation Experiments Combined with Simulations
Authors: Guo Gu-Qing , Wu Shi-Yang , Luo Sheng , Yang Liang
Published: November 2015

Revealing the essential structural features of metallic glasses (MGs) will enhance the understanding of glass-forming mechanisms. In this work, a feasible scheme is provided where we performed the state-of-the-art synchrotron-radiation based experiments combined with simulations to investigate the microstructures of ZrCu amorphous compositions. It is revealed that in order to stabilize the amorphous state and optimize the topological and chemical distribution, besides the icosahedral or icosahedral-like clusters, other types of clusters also participate in the formation of the microstructure in MGs. This cluster-level co-existing feature may be popular in this class of glassy materials.
Molecular Differentiated Initiator Reactivity in the Synthesis of Poly(caprolactone)-Based Hydrophobic Homopolymer and Amphiphilic Core Corona Star Polymers
Authors: Deng Eileen , Nguyen Nam , Hild Frédéric , Hamilton Ian , Dimitrakis Georgios , Kingman Samuel , Lau Phei-Li , Irvine Derek
Published: November 2015

Macromolecules that possess three-dimensional, branched molecular structures are of great interest because they exhibit significantly differentiated application performance compared to conventional linear (straight chain) polymers. This paper reports the synthesis of 3- and 4-arm star branched polymers via ring opening polymerisation (ROP) utilising multi-functional hydroxyl initiators and Sn(Oct)2 as precatalyst. The structures produced include mono-functional hydrophobic and multi-functional amphiphilic core corona stars. The characteristics of the synthetic process were shown to be principally dependent upon the physical/dielectric properties of the initiators used. ROP’s using initiators that were more available to become directly involved with the Sn(Oct)2 in the “in-situ” formation of the true catalytic species were observed to require shorter reaction times. Use of microwave heating (MWH) in homopolymer star synthesis reduced reaction times compared to conventional heating (CH) equivalents, this was attributed to an increased rate of “in-situ” catalyst formation. However, in amphiphilic core corona star formation, the MWH polymerisations exhibited slower propagation rates than CH equivalents. This was attributed to macro-structuring within the reaction medium, which reduced the potential for reaction. It was concluded that CH experiments were less affected by this macro-structuring because it was disrupted by the thermal currents/gradients caused by the conductive/convective heating mechanisms. These gradients are much reduced/absent with MWH because it selectively heats specific species simultaneously throughout the entire volume of the reaction medium. These partitioning problems were overcome by introducing additional quantities of the species that had been determined to selectively heat.
Genetic Authentication of Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. grandiflora Nakai by Improved RAPD-Derived DNA Markers
Authors: Mei Zhiqiang , Zhou Boxu , Wei Chunli , Cheng Jingliang , Imani Saber , Chen Hanchun , Fu Junjiang
Published: November 2015

The evergreen shrub, Gardenia jasminoides Ellis var. grandiflora Nakai is one of the most popular garden-plants, with significant ornamental importance. Here, we have cloned improved random ampliﬁed polymorphic DNA (RAPD) derived fragments into T-vector, and developed sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. These markers have been deposited in GenBank database with the accession numbers KP641310, KP641311, KP641312 and KP641313 respectively. The BLAST search of database confirmed the novelty of these markers. The four SCAR markers, namely ZZH11, ZZH31, ZZH41 and ZZH51 can specifically recognize the genetic materials of G. jasminoides from other plant species. Moreover, SCAR marker ZZH31 can be used to distinguish G. jasminoides Ellis var. grandiflora Nakai from other G. jasminoides on the market. Together, this study has developed four stably molecular SCAR markers by improved RAPD-derived DNA markers for the genetic identification and authentication, and for ecological conservation of medicinal and ornamental plant G. jasminoides.
SEBAL-A: A Remote Sensing ET Algorithm that Accounts for Advection with Limited Data. Part II: Test for Transferability
Authors: Mkhwanazi Mcebisi , Chávez José , Andales Allan , DeJonge Kendall
Published: November 2015

Because the Surface Energy Balance Algorithm for Land (SEBAL) tends to underestimate ET when there is advection, the model was modified by incorporating an advection component as part of the energy usable for crop evapotranspiration (ET). The modification involved the estimation of advected energy, which required the development of a wind function. In Part I, the modified SEBAL model (SEBAL-A) was developed and validated on well-watered alfalfa of a standard height of 40–60 cm. In this Part II, SEBAL-A was tested on different crops and irrigation treatments in order to determine its performance under varying conditions. The crops used for the transferability test were beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and corn (Zea mays L.). The estimated ET using SEBAL-A was compared to actual ET measured using a Bowen Ratio Energy Balance (BREB) system. Results indicated that SEBAL-A estimated ET fairly well for beans and wheat, only showing some slight underestimation of a Mean Bias Error (MBE) of −0.7 mm·d−1 (−11.3%), a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.82 mm·d−1 (13.9%) and a Nash Sutcliffe Coefficient of Efficiency (NSCE) of 0.64. On corn, SEBAL-A resulted in an ET estimation error MBE of −0.7 mm·d−1 (−9.9%), a RMSE of 1.59 mm·d−1 (23.1%) and NSCE = 0.24. This result shows an improvement on the original SEBAL model, which for the same data resulted in an ET MBE of −1.4 mm·d−1 (−20.4%), a RMSE of 1.97 mm·d−1 (28.8%) and a NSCE of −0.18. When SEBAL-A was tested on only fully irrigated corn, it performed well, resulting in no bias, i.e., MBE of 0.0 mm·d−1; RMSE of 0.78 mm·d−1 (10.7%) and NSCE of 0.82. The SEBAL-A model showed less or no improvement on corn that was either water-stressed or at early stages of growth. The errors incurred under these conditions were not due to advection not accounted for but rather were due to the nature of SEBAL and SEBAL-A being single-source energy balance models and, therefore, not performing well over heterogeneous surfaces. Therefore, it was concluded that SEBAL-A could be used on a wide range of crops if they are not water stressed. It is recommended that the SEBAL-A model be further studied to be able to accurately estimate ET under dry and sparse surface conditions.
A Graphene-Based Biosensing Platform Based on Regulated Release of an Aptameric DNA Biosensor
Authors: Mao Yu , Chen Yongli , Li Song , Lin Shuo , Jiang Yuyang
Published: November 2015

A novel biosensing platform was developed by integrating an aptamer-based DNA biosensor with graphene oxide (GO) for rapid and facile detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP, as a model target). The DNA biosensor, which is locked by GO, is designed to contain two sensing modules that include recognition site for ATP and self-replication track that yields the nicking domain for Nt.BbvCI. By taking advantage of the different binding affinity of single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA and aptamer-target complex toward GO, the DNA biosensor could be efficiently released from GO in the presence of target with the help of a complementary DNA strand (CPDNA) that partially hybridizes to the DNA biosensor. Then, the polymerization/nicking enzyme synergetic isothermal amplification could be triggered, leading to the synthesis of massive DNA amplicons, thus achieving an enhanced sensitivity with a wide linear dynamic response range of four orders of magnitude and good selectivity. This biosensing strategy expands the applications of GO-DNA nanobiointerfaces in biological sensing, showing great potential in fundamental research and biomedical diagnosis.
High-Temperature SAW Wireless Strain Sensor with Langasite
Authors: Shu Lin , Peng Bin , Yang Zhengbing , Wang Rui , Deng Senyang , Liu Xingzhao
Published: November 2015

Two Surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonators were fabricated on langasite substrates with Euler angle of (0°, 138.5°, 117°) and (0°, 138.5°, 27°). A dipole antenna was bonded to the prepared SAW resonator to form a wireless sensor. The characteristics of the SAW sensors were measured by wireless frequency domain interrogation methods from 20 °C to 600 °C. Different temperature behaviors of the sensors were observed. Strain sensing was achieved using a cantilever configuration. The sensors were measured under applied strain from 20 °C to 500 °C. The shift of the resonance frequency contributed merely by strain is extracted from the combined effects of temperature and strain. Both the strain factors of the two SAW sensors increase with rising ambient temperature, and the SAW sensor deposited on (0°, 138.5°, 117°) cut is more sensitive to applied strain. The measurement errors of the two sensors are also discussed. The relative errors of the two sensors are between 0.63% and 2.09%. Even at 500 °C, the hysteresis errors of the two sensors are less than 5%.
Photoinduced 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine ring conversions
Authors: Turovska Baiba , Lund Henning , Lūsis Viesturs , Lielpētere Anna , Liepiņš Edvards , Beljakovs Sergejs , Goba Inguna , Stradiņš Jānis
Published: November 2015

Stable heterocyclic hydroperoxide can be easily prepared as a product of fast oxidation of a 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine by 3O2 if the solution is exposed to sunlight. The driving force for the photoinduced electron transfer is calculated from electrochemical and spectroscopic data. The outcome of the reaction depends on the light intensity and the concentration of O2. In the solid state the heterocyclic hydroperoxide is stable; in solution it is involved in further reactions.
Jeux d’enfants : du trait d’esprit à l’humour, une domestication des pulsions ?
Authors: Roux Annie
Published: November 2015

Cet article propose de revisiter les notions freudiennes du witz et de l’humour afin d’en discerner les méthodes et les finalités, au regard de la métapsychologie.
Se tordre avec Lacan
Authors: Arnoux Danielle
Published: November 2015

Au titre des Formations de l’inconscient Lacan fait la part belle au Trait d’esprit – Witz – dans ses rapports avec l’inconscient car « ça rit » dans l’inconscient. Freud a inventorié dans cet ouvrage (ainsi que dans la Traumdeutung et Psychopathologie de la vie quotidienne ) diverses techniques de fabrication du trait d’esprit où Lacan reconnaît une technique du signifiant. Il montre comment les jeux de mots font surgir une nouvelle signification pour une tierce personne. L’auditoire d’élèves analystes supposés, qu’il aurait aimé faire « se tordre », aura, parfois, occupé cette place de Dritte Person .
L’humour et la psychanalyse
Authors: Kohn Max
Published: November 2015

L’humour pour Freud est une capacité de maîtriser le surmoi pour le moi et de marquer son triomphe illusoire et de ne pas sombrer dans la mélancolie, mais c’est par l’usage du mot d’esprit que le sujet peut échapper à la psychopathologie à laquelle le renvoie l’humour en introduisant un tiers auditeur et la fonction du langage. L’humour juif est abordé d’un point de vue anthropologique et psychanalytique ainsi que la place du mot d’esprit yiddish et les liens entre la linguistique et la psychanalyse.
Histoire de la vieille bouchère et autres récits. L’autodérision et la création du semblable dans le travail de soin.
Authors: Molinier Pascale
Published: November 2015

À partir d’une histoire racontée par le psychiatre psychanalyste Jean Oury, l’auteure associe celle-ci à un ensemble de récits typiques des équipes soignantes dans lesquels l’autodérision joue un rôle central. Ces récits mettent en scène une leçon où l’on apprend que le succès est généralement obtenu par la transgression des règles (mètis). Ces récits en outre recourent fréquemment à la mimesis comme forme de rapprochement avec les patients ou les hiérarchiques. L’auteure montre que ces récits s’inscrivent dans les stratégies défensives de métier des soignant.e.s. Elle oppose les stratégies défensives dans les métiers masculins à risque qui revendiquent les valeurs genrées de la virilité à ces stratégies plus fréquentes dans les équipes féminisées, mais qui ne les revendiquent pas comme expression de féminité. L’auto-dérision constitue plutôt une déflation du Moi qui permet, pour tous les soignants, d’affronter le réel et de laisser de la place pour qu’apparaisse autrui.
Les enfants et Internet à la maison : familles et rapports générationnels en mutation
Authors: Nunes de Almeida Ana , Delicado Ana , de Almeida Alves Nuno
Published: November 2015

Cet article discute l’utilisation d’Internet par les enfants à la maison, ainsi que les rapports entre adultes et enfants qui en résultent. Une enquête par questionnaire, portant sur des enfants âgés de 8 à 17 ans a été réalisée au Portugal, complétée par des entretiens menés auprès d’enfants du même âge, de parents et de professeurs. Quatre dimensions sont abordées : la caractérisation de la « maison technologique », les modalités d’accès à Internet, l’apprentissage et la diffusion de savoirs ainsi que la construction de règles d’usage d’Internet, l’importance des réseaux familiaux de sociabilité en ligne. L’article souligne la place de la technologie dans la reconfiguration des univers de l’enfance, de la famille et de l’ordre générationnel contemporains, aussi bien que la relance du rôle de la famille comme lieu de production et de transmission de savoirs (numériques en l’occurrence) entre générations.
La salle de bain : reconfiguration des rapports aux autres et à soi à l’aube de l’adolescence
Authors: Diasio Nicoletta , Vinel Virginie
Published: November 2015

À partir d’une recherche ethnographique/anthropologique menée en France et en Italie auprès d’enfants de 9 à 13 ans et de leur entourage familial, les usages de la salle de bain sont explorés en tant qu’analyseur d’un nouveau rapport à soi et aux autres, propre à cet âge de la vie. Nous montrons d’abord comment se réélaborent les configurations de genre, en tant que processus en action avec les autres modes de division sociale, dans les relations avec les parents et la fratrie. Nous nous arrêtons ensuite sur l’émergence d’un double désir de temps pour soi et d’une vie intime à protéger et à affirmer. Nous montrons enfin comment de nouvelles techniques de soi s’établissent dans un chassé-croisé entre intime et collectif, entre expérimentation et norme, où la soustraction du corps enfantin aux regards adultes s’accompagne souvent de formes de partage avec les pairs du même genre.
Amputated Lower Limb Fixation to the Fracture Table
Authors: Gamulin Axel , Farshad Mazda
Published: November 2015

Fractures of the proximal and diaphyseal femur are frequently internally fixed using a fracture table with fracture reduction obtained by traction and adequate rotation exerted on the slightly abducted extremity. Although rare, these fractures may occur on an amputated limb. If so, standard use of a fracture table is not possible. To address this situation, the authors describe a simple novel technique allowing rigid fixation of the amputated limb to the traction device of the fracture table that provides accurate control of reduction in all planes. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(11):679–682.]
Percutaneous Screw Fixation of Crescent Fracture-Dislocation of the Sacroiliac Joint
Authors: Shui Xiaolong , Ying Xiaozhou , Mao Chuanwan , Feng Yongzeng , Chen Linwei , Kong Jianzhong , Guo Xiaoshan , Wang Gang
Published: November 2015

Crescent fracture-dislocation of the sacroiliac joint (CFDSIJ) is a type of lateral compression pelvic injury associated with instability. Open reduction and internal fixation is a traditional treatment of CFDSIJ. However, a minimally invasive method has never been reported. The purpose of this study was to assess the outcome of closed reduction and percutaneous fixation for different types of CFDSIJ and present their clinical outcome. The authors reviewed 117 patients diagnosed with CFDSIJ between July 2003 and July 2013. Closed reduction and percutaneous fixation was performed in 73 patients. Treatment selection was based on Day's fracture classification. For type I fractures, fixation perpendicular to the fracture line were performed. For type II fractures, crossed fixation was performed. For type III fractures, fixation was performed with iliosacral screws. Forty-four patients were treated by open reduction and plate fixation. Demographics, fracture pattern distribution, blood loss, incision lengths, revision surgeries, radiological results, and functional scores were compared. All 117 patients were followed for more than 6 months (mean, 14 months [range, 6–24 months]). Blood loss, extensive exposure, duration of posterior ring surgery, duration of hospital stay, and infection rates were lower in the closed group (
P
<.01). Patients in the closed group achieved better functional performance (
P
<.01). There were no significant differences in reduction quality (
P
=.32), revision surgery rates (
P
=.27), and iatrogenic neurologic injuries (
P
=.2) between the 2 groups. The authors' results indicate that closed reduction and percutaneous fixation is a safe and effective surgical method for CFDSIJ. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(11):e976–e982.]
Open Reduction of Pediatric Femoral Neck Fractures Reduces Osteonecrosis Risk
Authors: Stone Joseph D. , Hill Mary K. , Pan Zhaoxing , Novais Eduardo N.
Published: November 2015

Pediatric femoral neck fractures are rare injuries that are associated with a high risk of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. This study compared pediatric patients with fully displaced femoral neck fractures treated with either open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF). After institutional review board approval was obtained, the authors identified 53 patients who were treated for femoral neck fracture between 2003 and 2012. Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) diagnosis of a fully displaced femoral neck fracture with no anatomic cortical contact; (2) age of at least 4 years; and (3) clinical/radiographic follow-up of at least 1 year. Medical records and radiographs were retrospectively reviewed. Excluded from the study were 16 patients who had fractures that were not fully displaced, 4 who were outside of the eligible age range, 1 who had insufficient radiographs, and 10 who had insufficient follow-up. Of the 22 patients included, 6 were treated with ORIF and 16 were treated with CRIF. Treatment groups were compared with Fisher's exact test for categorical outcome data and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for continuous variables. There was a significantly (
P
=.051) greater occurrence of osteonecrosis after CRIF (50%) than after ORIF (0%). Further, patients who underwent ORIF had a higher (
P
=.009) quality of reduction, a higher (
P
=.046) rate of anatomic union, and fewer (
P
=.009) complications than those who underwent CRIF. Major complications occurred in significantly fewer (
P
=.015) hips after ORIF than after CRIF. No significant difference (
P
=.477) was seen between groups, according to the Ratliff assessment of final results. Fully displaced pediatric femoral neck fractures treated with ORIF had a significantly higher quality of reduction, with fewer complications, including osteonecrosis, than those treated with CRIF. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(11):e983–e990.]
Percutaneous Ultrasound-Guided Hydrodissection of a Symptomatic Sural Neuroma
Authors: Fader Ryan R. , Mitchell Justin J. , Chadayammuri Vivek P. , Hill John , Wolcott Michelle L.
Published: November 2015

Symptomatic neuromas of the sural nerve are a rare but significant cause of pain and debilitation in athletes. Presentation is usually in the form of chronic pain and dysesthesias or paresthesias of the lateral foot and ankle. Treatment traditionally ranges from conservative measures, such as removing all external compressive forces, to administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, vitamin B6, tricyclic antidepressants, antiepileptics, or topical anesthetics. This article reports a case of sural nerve entrapment in a 34-year-old male triathlete with a history of recurrent training-induced right-sided gastrocnemius strains. The patient presented with numbness in the right lateral foot and ankle that had persisted for 3 months, after he was treated unsuccessfully with extensive nonoperative measures, including anti-inflammatory drugs, activity modification, and a dedicated physical therapy program of stretching and strengthening. Orthopedic assessment showed worsening pain with forced passive dorsiflexion and manual pressure applied over the distal aspect of the gastrocnemius. Plain radiographs showed normal findings, but in-office ultrasound imaging showed evidence of sural nerve entrapment with edema and neuromatous scar formation in the absence of gastrocnemius or soleus pathology. Percutaneous ultrasound-guided hydrodissection of the sural nerve at the area of symptomatic neuroma and neural edema was performed the same day. The patient had complete relief of symptoms and full return to the preinjury level of participation in competitive sports. This case report shows that hydrodissection, when performed by an experienced physician, can be an effective, minimally invasive technique for neurolysis in the setting of sural nerve entrapment, resulting in improvement in clinical symptoms. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(11):e1046–e1050.]
Spontaneous Bilateral Femoral Fractures After High-Dose Zoledronic Acid
Authors: Brin Yaron S. , Palmanovich Ezequiel , Heler Ziv , Kish Benyamin Josef , Nyska Meir , Bismuth Henry , Coughlin Ryan , Zehavi Tanya , Rotman Pnina
Published: November 2015

The authors report a case of spontaneous bilateral diaphyseal femoral fractures believed to be caused by oversuppression of bone remodeling as a result of long-term, high-dose treatment with bisphosphonate. The patient reported pain in both thighs before the fractures. Typical pathologic changes appeared on both femoral radiograph and bone scan before the fractures. Several hours after admission to the emergency department of the authors' institution, the patient underwent closed reduction and internal fixation with intramedullary nails for the bilateral femoral diaphyseal fractures. Treatment with zoledronic acid was immediately discontinued. In recent years, low-energy femoral diaphyseal fractures in patients undergoing long-term bisphosphonate treatment have been reported. It is believed that the prolonged treatment causes long-term suppression of bone remodeling and accumulation of microdamage. It is important to observe patients who are undergoing bisphosphonate treatment carefully. In this case study, the authors report the patient's unique medical history. [
Orthopedics.
2015; 38(11):e1051–e1054.]
Que faire des images soviétiques de la Shoah ?
Authors: Pozner Valérie , Sumpf Alexandre , Voisin Vanessa
Published: November 2015

La Shoah n’a jamais été aussi médiatique qu’en cette année du 70e anniversaire de la « libération » des camps aux deux extrémités du IIIe Reich, mais un véritable aggiornamento des processus de médiatisation du génocide des Juifs pendant et juste après la Seconde Guerre mondiale restait à opérer. D’autant plus nécessaire que l’industrie du spectacle (fiction et documentaire, littérature et albums, télévision et cinéma) fait fonds sur la fascination morbide du grand public et sur une forme stérile d’injonction mémorielle le plus souvent sans réelle réflexion historienne. Elle persiste en outre à ignorer les apports documentaires et historiographiques induits par l’ouverture des archives soviétiques. En se focalisant sur les sources filmiques, mais sans négliger les autres supports d’information et de propagande du temps de guerre, c’est à cette tâche que s’est attelée l’équipe de chercheurs qui a élaboré l’exposition « Filmer la guerre. Les Soviétiques face à la Shoah, 1941-1946 », inaugurée le 8 janvier 2015 au Mémorial de la Shoah à Paris. Dans cet article les trois commissaires de l’exposition proposent de revenir sur deux années de recherches, en exposant les enjeux, les principes méthodologiques, et leurs principaux résultats. Notamment montrer que les heures de films tournées par les Soviétiques sur les crimes de l’occupant en URSS, dans les pays baltes et en Pologne de 1941 à 1945 documentent le génocide des Juifs en détail.
Backward Error Analysis for Eigenproblems Involving Conjugate Symplectic Matrices
Authors: Xu Wei-wei , Li Wen , Jin Xiao-qing
Published: November 2015

Conjugate symplectic eigenvalue problems arise in solving discrete linear-quadratic optimal control problems and discrete algebraic Riccati equations. In this article, backward errors of approximate pairs of conjugate symplectic matrices are obtained from their properties. Several numerical examples are given to illustrate the results.
Polymerase Chain Reaction in the Diagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis Recurrence in the Setting of Negative Splenic Smears
Authors: Hasnain Golam , Basher Ariful , Nath Proggananda , Ghosh Prakash , Hossain Faria , Hossain Shakhawat , Mondal Dinesh
Published: November 2015

This report presents two cases of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) recurrence where the microscopy of the splenic smear failed in diagnosis. However, a strong clinical suspicion compelled further evaluation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), which validated the etiology. This short report highlights the usefulness of PCR in diagnosing cases of suspected smear-negative VL recurrence.
Validation of a Point-of-Care Circulating Cathodic Antigen Urine Cassette Test for Schistosoma mansoni Diagnosis in the Sahel, and Potential Cross-Reaction in Pregnancy
Authors: Greter Helena , Krauth Stefanie J. , Ngandolo Bongo N. R. , Alfaroukh Idriss O. , Zinsstag Jakob , Utzinger Jürg
Published: November 2015

On the shores of Lake Chad, schistosomiasis among mobile pastoralists was investigated in a field laboratory. Point-of-care circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA) cassette test, reagent strip, and filtration were conducted on urine samples. Fresh stool samples were subjected to the Kato-Katz technique, and fixed samples were examined with an ether-concentration method at a reference laboratory. POC-CCA urine cassette tests revealed a Schistosoma mansoni prevalence of 6.9%, compared with only 0.5% by stool microscopy. Three pregnant women with otherwise negative urine and stool testing had positive POC-CCA. This observation raises concern of cross-reactivity in pregnancy. Hence, two pregnant women in Switzerland with no history of schistosomiasis were subjected to POC-CCA and one tested positive. Our data suggest that POC-CCA can be performed under extreme Sahelian conditions (e.g., temperatures > 40°C), and it is more sensitive than stool microscopy for S. mansoni diagnosis. However, potential cross-reactivity in pregnancy needs further investigation.
Delivery of an Ebola Virus-Positive Stillborn Infant in a Rural Community Health Center, Sierra Leone, 2015
Authors: Bower Hilary , Grass Julian E. , Veltus Emily , Brault Aaron , Campbell Shelley , Basile Alison Jane , Wang David , Paddock Christopher D. , Erickson Bobbie R. , Salzer Johanna S. , Belser Jessica , Chege Eunice , Seneca Dean , Saffa Gbessay , Stroeher Ute , Decroo Tom , Caleo Grazia M.
Published: November 2015

We report the case of an Ebola virus (EBOV) RNA–negative pregnant woman who delivered an EBOV RNA–positive stillborn infant at a community health center in rural Sierra Leone, 1 month after the mother's last possible exposure. The mother was later found to be immunoglobulins M and G positive indicating previous infection. The apparent absence of Ebola symptoms and not recognizing that the woman had previous contact with an Ebola patient led health workers performing the delivery to wear only minimal personal protection, potentially exposing them to a high risk of EBOV infection. This case emphasizes the importance of screening for epidemiological risk factors as well as classic and atypical symptoms of Ebola when caring for pregnant women, even once they have passed the typical time frame for exposure and incubation expected in nonpregnant adults. It also illustrates the need for health-care workers to use appropriate personal protection equipment when caring for pregnant women in an Ebola setting.
New Pathways From Short Sleep to Obesity? Associations Between Short Sleep and “Secondary” Eating and Drinking Behavior
Authors: Tajeu Gabriel S. , Sen Bisakha
Published: November 2015

Purpose.

The association between short sleep and obesity risk is well established. However, we explore a new pathway between short sleep and obesity: whether short sleep is linked to more time spent in secondary eating or drinking, that is, eating or drinking (beverages other than water, such as sugar-sweetened beverages) while primarily engaged in another activity, such as television watching.

Design.

This pooled cross-sectional study uses data from the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) from 2006 to 2008.

Setting.

The study takes place in the United States.

Subjects.

Subjects are 28,150 adults (55.8% female) aged 21 to 65 who were surveyed in the ATUS.

Measures.

Outcomes are time spent on (1) secondary eating and drinking and (2) primary eating and drinking. Our main predictor variable is sleep duration.

Analysis.

Controlling for demographic and socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents, we estimate multivariate regression-analysis models for the full sample, as well as by weekday/weekend status, race, and gender subgroups.

Results.

In multivariate models, compared to respondents reporting normal sleep, short sleep was associated with additional 8.7 (SE = 2.1) minutes per day of secondary eating (p < .01) and additional 28.6 (SE = 4.2) and 31.28 (SE = 5.0) minutes per day of secondary drinking on weekdays and weekends, respectively (p < .01).

Conclusions.

We find that short sleep is associated with more time spent in secondary eating and, in particular, secondary drinking. This potentially suggests a pathway from short sleep to increased caloric intake in the form of beverages and distracted eating and thus potential increased obesity risk, although more research is needed.
Impact of California Children’s Power Play! Campaign on Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Physical Activity among Fourth- and Fifth-Grade Students
Authors: Keihner Angie , Rosen Nila , Wakimoto Patricia , Goldstein Lauren , Sugerman Sharon , Hudes Mark , Ritchie Lorrene , McDevitt Kate
Published: November 2015

Purpose.

Examine the impact of the Children’s Power Play! Campaign on fruit and vegetable (FV) intake and physical activity (PA).

Design.

Study design was a cluster randomized, controlled trial.

Setting.

Forty-four low-resource public schools in San Diego County, California, were included in the study.

Subjects.

Study subjects comprised a total of 3463 fourth/fifth-graders (1571 intervention, 1892 control), with an 86.9% completion rate.

Intervention.

Throughout 10 weeks, activities were conducted during/after school, including weekly FV/PA lessons and PA breaks; biweekly classroom promotions/taste tests; posters displayed in/around schools; and weekly nutrition materials for parents.

Measures.

Self-reported FV intake (cups/d) and PA (min/d) were collected at baseline and follow-up using a diary-assisted, 24-hour dietary recall and Self-Administered Physical Activity Checklist.

Analysis.

Multivariate regression models adjusted for demographics and cluster design effects were used, with change as the dependent variable.

Results.

Intervention children, compared with controls, showed gains in daily FV intake (.26 cups, p < .001) and PA time at recess/lunch (5.1 minutes, p = .003), but not total daily PA minutes.

Conclusion.

Power Play! can help schools and community organizations improve low-income children’s FV intake and PA during recess/lunch.
Modelo de simulación de sistemas de drenaje operados por bombeo
Authors: Sánchez Bribiesca José L. , Fuentes Mariles Óscar Arturo , Gràcia Sabaté Francesc Xavier
Published: November 2015

Se describe un modelo matemático que simula el funcionamiento de sistemas de drenaje operados por bombeo teniendo en cuenta la forma de trabajo de las bombas, según sus curvas de operación y el flujo transitorio en los conductos del sistema. Se comentan las posibles formas de utilizar el modelo en la solución de algunos problemas.
La formación del ingeniero hidráulico
Authors: Kobus Helmut , Plate Erich , Shen Hsieh Wen , Szöllösi-Nagy A.
Published: November 2015

En este artículo un comité de expertos pertenecientes a las asociaciones AIHR (Asociación Internacional de Investigaciones Hidráulicas) y UNESCO, con una reflexión común presentan los recientes desarrollos en Ingeniería Hidráulica y sus aplicaciones para la formación de ingenieros hidráulicos. Las estructuras de las disciplinas fundamentales subyacentes, geociencias y ciencias de la ingeniería y la gran variedad de asignaturas de ingeniería envueltas deben ser consideradas en el contexto más general del entorno natural y social. Además de los temas tradicionales, la ingeniería hidráulica ha evolucionado para tener en cuenta la calidad del agua, el medio ambiente y la ecología, rodeados por nuevos cambios caracterizados por la necesidad de un desarrollo sostenido y por el comportamiento de los cambios globales. Los nuevos desarrollos en ciencias y tecnología, así como la informática, deben reflejarse en los contenidos y métodos de enseñanza. La educación debe ofrecer una especialización y metodología así como una preparación profesional, incluyendo la facultad para trabajar en equipos interdisciplinarios. A la vista de estos desarrollos, la educación continua jugará un papel primordial, siendo mayor su importancia en los grandes sistemas y en problemas a escala internacional. Estos avances exigen una adecuada implicación de la AIHR.
Influencia de la variabilidad del suelo en la hidrología superficial de una cuenca
Authors: Moral Francisco Jesús , Giráldez Juan Vicente
Published: November 2015

Un conocimiento previo del comportamiento hidrológico de la cuenca es necesario para la elaboración de los proyectos de ingeniería hidráulica. La importancia de la correcta determinación de las propiedades físicas de cada asociación de suelos, como la conductividad hidráulica saturada, es analizada dentro del marco de un modelo hidrológico estocástico y conceptual previamente propuesto por Freeze (1980). La comparación de los resultados con los obtenidos mediante el uso de un modelo determinístico (KINEROS), cuyos datos de entrada son los valores medios de las propiedades del suelo, ilustra las consecuencias de infravalorar la determinación apropiada de los principales parámetros de la cuenca.
La gestión integral de la costa: hacia una nueva estrategia territorial
Authors: Fernández Pérez José
Published: November 2015

La costa es un espacio de gran valor ambiental, que juega un importante papel socioeconómico como lugar de ocio por excelencia. Por ello merece la máxima protección, y su gestión debe asegurar su integridad física y su libre acceso y uso público por todos. De acuerdo con diversas recomendaciones internacionales, el litoral debe ser objeto de una gestión integral, realizada desde políticas estatales de alto nivel. Esta gestión debe integrar las distintas políticas sectoriales, y su ámbito debe tener en cuenta la realidad física del litoral, sin detenerse en la división administrativa o política del territorio. Los retos que plantea la erosión general de la costa en el mundo, exigen una nueva estrategia territorial en el litoral, que debe fundamentarse en dos aspectos. Primero, se trata de establecer mecanismos urbanísticos, financieros y fiscales, para favorecer que las inversiones a realizar en la costa se canalicen hacia la reubicación de edificaciones en terrenos situados más al interior. Y segundo, se trata de que las actuaciones para combatir la regresión de la costa, o para mantener la integridad de las playas y de otros espacios litorales, se realicen mediante técnicas de bajo impacto y costes de mantenimiento moderados.
Legislación en la gestión del litoral
Authors: Montoya Font Francisco J.
Published: November 2015

Bajo el título que se le da a este trabajo pueden incluirse diferentes enfoques, cuyo contenido puede enfatizar uno, varios, o incluso, la totalidad de los mismos, y conseguir con ello un ejercicio académico cuyo valor intrínseco dependerá, no de su denominación, sino de la aportación que se realice en el orden científico, cultural, técnico o de divulgación. Para el investigador, profundizar en qué se entiende por legislación, gestión o litoral, partiendo del estado actual de los conocimientos en cada uno de estos campos, e ir más allá, interrelacionando conocimientos ya consolidados, o penetrar más en una dirección previamente seleccionada y contribuir así al avance científico, es quizás el enfoque que más se ajusta a su vocación. Relacionar los tres conceptos que conforman el título del trabajo en las diversas formas que la teoría combinatoria permite, y profundizar en el estado actual de la investigación, sería un enfoque que, en cierta medida sintetizaría varios de ellos. Pero ninguno de los anteriores enfoques encaja en una exposición que intente explicar y profundizar como el derecho positivo incide en la gestión de la costa. Como quiera que los objetivos a conseguir configuran el contenido de estas líneas, parece obvio que se definan los mismos, para pasar a exponer, posteriormente, la metodología con la que se pretenden obtener, y terminar con su desarrollo. Reducido al ámbito de actuación en la costa, el objetivo de este trabajo persigue: * (1) Explicar como el derecho positivo, en un proceso de retroalimentación, configura cualquier actividad humana, y que en muchas fases del mismo, dirige y/o limita la citada actividad. * (2) A los mismos efectos que en el punto anterior, precisar el concepto de litoral, trascendiendo el ámbito geográfico, para incardinarlo en el de sistema. * (3) Definir, a los efectos de su incidencia sobre la actividad en la zona costera, el concepto de gestión, especificando los límites dentro de los cuales se enmarcan las decisiones con relevancia en dicho ámbito geográfico. El difícil equilibrio entre la profundización en unos conceptos aislados, la exhaustiva descripción de interrelaciones y sensibilidades entre ellos y la utilidad de ambos para los fines que se persiguen, va a intentar ser logrado mediante una sucinta introducción a los conceptos, y a las interrelaciones entre ellos, en expresión mínima, pero suficiente, para lograr los fines citados.