bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meningkatkan Kemampuan Mengenal Lambang Bilangan Pada Anak Usia 4 – 5 Tahun Melalui Permainan Balok Angka
Authors: Cahyani Agnes Dhear Nur
Published: November 2021

Rendahnya kemampuan mengenal lambang bilangan pada anak usia empat sampai lima tahun sering terjadi dan selalu menjadi topik hangat yang diperbincangkan setiap tahunnya oleh pendidik, orang tua, dan masyarakat. Dimana seharusnya anak usia empat sampai lima tahun sudah mampu mengenal lambang bilangan satu sampai sepuluh. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan rendahnya kemampuan anak usia empat sampai lima tahun dalam mengenal lambang bilangan adalah dengan menggunakan permainan balok angka. Artikel ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui cara meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal lambang bilangan pada anak usia empat sampai lima tahun melalui permainan balok angka. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam artikel ilmiah ini adalah kualitatif-deskriptif. Metode yang digunakan dalam artikel ilmiah ini adalah kajian pustaka. Subjek dalam artikel ilmiah ini adalah anak usia empat sampai lima tahun. Berdasarkan sumber-sumber kajian pustaka yang dikumpulkan, didapatkan hasil bahwa cara mengenalkan lambang bilangan pada anak usia empat sampai lima tahun yang paling tepat adalah dengan menggunakan permainan balok angka. Hal ini sudah terbukti akurat dari hasil-hasil penelitian para peneliti yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat peningkatan yang signifikan dalam kemampuan mengenal lambang bilangan satu sampai sepuluh pada anak usia empat sampai lima tahun melalui permainan balok angka. Kesimpulan dari artikel ilmiah ini adalah terdapat empat langkah pelaksanaan permainan balok angka guna meningkatkan kemampuan mengenal lambang bilangan pada anak usia empat sampai lima tahun.
Media Video Animasi untuk Meningkatkan Listening Skill Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Ariani Ni Kadek , Ujianti Putu Rahayu
Published: November 2021

Rendahnya kemampuan peserta didik dalam menyimak (listening skill) suatu pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk memaparkan proses pengembangan serta mendekripsikan kelayakan media video animasi untuk meningkatkan listening skill anak. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian pengembangan (research and development/R&D). Subjek dalam penelitian ini menggunakan dosen ahli diantaranya dua dosen ahli materi dan dua dosen ahli media. Metode pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan data kuantitatif di konversikan menjadi data kualitatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE yang meliputi tahapan analisis (analysis), perancangan (design), pengembangan (development), implementasi (implementation), dan evaluasi (evaluation). Penelitian ini hanya sampai pada tahap pengembangan media. Analisis data menggunakan rumus CVI dan CVR. Berdasarkan analisis data validasi media video animasi diperoleh penilaian yang sudah dinilai oleh dosen ahli tersebut memperoleh nilai CVR adalah 1,00 dan CVI adalah 1,00, apabila dikonversikan dengan pedoman skala lima berada rentang skor 0,80-1,00 artinya validitas sangat tinggi. Dari hasil tersebut media video animasi layak untuk dilanjutkan uji efektivitas dalam meningkatkan listening skill anak. Dengan demikian, dapat dikatakan bahwa media video animasi ini sangat layak digunakan untuk mendukung pembelajaran dalam meningkatkan listening skill anak usia dini.
Keterampilan Mengajar Guru PAUD dalam Pembelajaran Daring
Authors: Partami Ida Ayu Made , Sujana I Wayan
Published: November 2021

Adanya kebijakan pelaksanaan pembelajaran jarak sebagai salah satu cara pencegahan penyebaran virus corona (COVID-19) menyebabkan guru-guru harus mempersiapkan pembelajaran dengan seefisien mungkin, sehingga keterampilan mengajar guru sangat berperan penting dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keterampilan mengajar guru dalam pembelajaran berbasis daring yang dilaksanakan pada masa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian survei deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini adalah guru PAUD yang berada di wilayah Denpasar Utara dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 179 orang. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode non tes dengan penyebaran kuisioner/angket. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa kusioner dengan jenis kuisioner tertutup. Data yang telah dikumpulkan kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan survei yang telah dilaksanakan diperoleh hasil keterampilan mengadakan variasi berbasis daring memperoleh persentase sebesar 75,72% (positif), keterampilan bertanya berbasis daring memperoleh persentase sebesar 74,35% (positif), dan keterampilan memberi penguatan berbasis daring memperoleh persentase sebesar 80,49% (positif). Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran daring guru sudah mampu menerapkan keterampilan mengajar berbasis daring sesuai dengan karakteristiknya dengan baik dilihat dari keterampilan mengadakan variasi berbasis daring, keterampilan bertanya, dan keterampilan memberi penguatan kegiatan belajar dalam jaringan (daring).
Multimedia Interaktif Sub Tema Profesi untuk Pembelajaran Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Pratiwi Ni Kadek Anik , Tirtayani Luh Ayu
Published: November 2021

Dalam kegiatan pembelajaran daring guru mengalami kesulitan dalam menyampaikan materi pada proses pembelajaran dan membutuhkan bantuan media untuk menunjang proses pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Penelitian ini bertujan untuk mendeskripsikan rancang bangun dan menguji validitas multimedia interaktif pada sub tema profesi untuk anak usia dini. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian pengembangan dengan menggunakan model pengembangan ADDIE. Subjek yang terlibat dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari ahli isi pembelajaran, ahli desain pembelajaran, ahli media pembelajaran dan 3 orang anak usia dini dengan kemampuan yang berbeda-beda. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan metode non tes dengan intrumen berupa kuisioner. Data hasil penelitian kemudian diolah menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji ahli isi media pembelajaran memperoleh skor 95% dengan ketegori sangat baik, hasi uji ahli desain pembeajaran memperoleh skor 87,05% dengan kategori baik, uji ahli media memperoleh skor 85% dengan kategori baik, dan hasil uji coba perorangan memperoleh hasil 91,67% dengan kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa produk multimedia interaktif sub tema profesi ini layak digunakan dan dikembangkan untuk pembelajaran anak usia dini. Implikasi dari penelitian ini yaitu produk multimedia interaktif ini bisa menjadi solusi atas permasalahan pada pembelajaran daring, khususnya pada materi profesi anak usia dini yang akan membuat proses pembelajaran menjadi lebih bervariasi.
Seguimiento al análisis de las edificaciones de uso escolar: su evaluación e impacto en la educación primaria y secundaria
Authors: Pacheco Martínez Nancy Jacqueline
Published: November 2021

El objetivo del presente artículo consistió en dar seguimiento a la metodología aplicada por Pacheco (2021) para conocer la situación en que se encontraba la infraestructura de instituciones educativas del nivel preescolar, aunque en esta ocasión se eligió a 17 planteles de educación básica ubicados en la zona centro del país (Ciudad de México, Hidalgo, Querétaro y Tlaxcala). Para ello, se realizó un estudio de carácter cuantitativo, así como cualitativo con soporte fotográfico, levantamiento físico de datos específicos de cada plantel, así como análisis de los indicadores de la Secretaría de Educación Pública (SEP). Las preguntas que orientaron este estudio fueron las siguientes: 1) ¿el número de profesores disponibles es suficiente para brindar una educación de calidad a toda la población estudiantil?, 2) ¿la infraestructura física de las escuelas es apta para la edad de sus usuarios?, 3) ¿los espacios físicos usados para las actividades académicas cumplen con los requerimientos básicos para desarrollarlas con eficacia?, y 4) ¿los planteles educativos cuentan con las condiciones de infraestructura adecuadas para operar de manera segura en medio de la actual situación generada por la pandemia de covid-19? Los resultados demuestran las carencias generales de los planteles examinados en cuanto a ventilación, iluminación, mobiliario y recursos hidrosanitarios. En conclusión, se puede indicar que este escenario, en medio de la actual emergencia generada por la covid-19, dificulta el regreso a clases presenciales, pues los planteles necesitan cumplir con un mínimo de condiciones de bioseguridad para llevar a cabo con éxito el proceso educativo.
Synthesis and Cross-Linking Properties of Melamine Formaldehyde Oligomers with Peroxy Groups
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12, S.Bandery St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine, Astakhova Olena , Shyshchak Olena ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12, S.Bandery St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine, Bratychak Michael ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12, S.Bandery St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine
Published: November 2021

Melamine formaldehyde oligomers with peroxy groups (MFOP) have been synthesized based on melamine or urea and melamine in the presence of tert-butyl peroxymethanol or tert-butyl hydroperoxide. Zinc oxide was used as a catalyst. The effect of peroxide nature, ratio of the starting components and process time on the characteristics and yield of MFOP has been studied. The structure of the synthesized MFOP was confirmed by IR- and PMR-spectroscopy. The chemistry of the cross-linked structures formation was studied. The possibility of using such oligomers as a cross-linking agent for the mixtures based on TGM-3 oligoesteracrylate is shown.
Cobalt Ferrite Nanocomposite as Electrochemical Sensor for The Detection of Guanine, Uric Acid and Their Mixture
Authors:   Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, India 281406, Kumar Yogendra , Sharma Vivek ,   Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, India 281406, Vashistha Vinod Kumar ,   Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, India 281406, VSR Pullabhotla Rajasekhar ,   Department of Chemistry, University of Zululand, South Africa, Das Dipak Kumar ,   Department of Chemistry, GLA University, Mathura, India 281406
Published: November 2021

Cobalt ferrite nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized by analytical techniques such as FESEM, EDS and XRD. The average crystallite size was found to be in the range of 10–12 nm with a cubic structure. Further, the nanocomposite was used for the detection of guanine (GU) and uric acid (UA) and found to be an efficient electrode modifier. The lower limit of detection for GU and UA was found to be 300 nM and 400 nM, respectively
Experimental Investigation and Multi-Gene Genetic Programming Simulation of Portland Clinker Burnability
Authors:   Kerman Momtazan Cement Company, Kerman, Iran, Ghalandari Vahab , Bagheri Hamidreza ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran, Mohebbi Ali ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran, Esmaeili Hadi ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
Published: November 2021

In this study, the effect of chemical composition of the raw material on the clinker burnability was studied by determination of free CaO (wt %) content of clinker. The burnability of two types of Portland clinker was investigated for silica modules of 2.3, 2.5 and 2.7 and lime saturation factor of 0.88–0.98. In addition, using the Multi-gene genetic programming (MGGP) model, the burnability of clinker was predicted. The results of MGGP model indicated that the performance of the model for predicting the amount of free CaO (wt %) was acceptable. Moreover, using MGGP, a promising correlation was introduced for accurately calculating the amount of free CaO (wt %). The performance of this correlation was compared with FL-Smidth, and it was established that the average errors of MGGP correlation and FL-Smidth equation were 2.95 and 7.45 %, respectively.
Biodiesel Synthesis from the Used Cooking Oil Using CaO Catalyst Derived from Waste Animal Bones
Authors:   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia, Buchori Luqman , Anggoro Didi Dwi ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Sudharto, SH, Tembalang, 50275 Semarang, Indonesia, Ma’ruf Anwar ,   Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto, Jl. Raya Dukuh Waluh, Kembaran, 53182 Puwokerto, Indonesia
Published: November 2021

The synthesis of biodiesel from the used cooking oil with CaO catalyst from waste animal bones has been investigated. The content of free fatty acids (FFA) in the used cooking oil was reduced by adsorption using activated charcoal from a salak peel. Biodiesel synthesis was carried out via transesterification using CaO catalyst. The CaO catalyst was obtained from waste animal bones calcined in the Ney Vulcan furnace. The effect of calcination temperature was studied in the range of 873‒1273 K. The effect of catalyst loading was investigated by varying within the range of 1‒9 wt %. The methanol to oil molar ratio was investigated in the range from 6:1 to 18:1. The effect of the transesterification reaction time was studied with a time variation of 1‒5 h. The optimum operating conditions were determined. Under these conditions, the yield of biodiesel produced was 97.56 % with an ester content of 96.06 %. It was shown that the physicochemical properties of biodiesel produced meet the standards.
Production of Bitumen Modified with Low-Molecular Organic Compounds from Petroleum Residues. 3. Tar Modified with Formaldehyde
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S.Bandery St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine, Gunka Volodymyr , Prysiazhnyi Yuriy ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S.Bandery St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine, Hrynchuk Yurii ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S.Bandery St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine, Sidun Iurii ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S.Bandery St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine, Demchuk Yuriy ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S.Bandery St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine, Shyshchak Olena ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S.Bandery St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine, Poliak Olha ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S.Bandery St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine, Bratychak Michael ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University 12 S.Bandery St., Lviv 79013, Ukraine
Published: November 2021

The chemical modification of tar with formaldehyde as 37% aqueous solutionhas been studied in the presence of the catalysts. Hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide and acid tar were used as the catalysts. The effect of the catalyst nature and amount, as well as temperature, process time and initial components ratio on the softening point, penetration, brittle point and adhesion to crushed stone has been determined. The structure of the modified tars was confirmed by IR spectroscopy. The structural-group composition was determined. Arene-formaldehyde resins have been synthesized on the basis of toluene and modified tars using hydrochloric acid as a catalyst. The synthesized resins were characterized using IR spectroscopy. The chemistry of the tar modification with formaldehyde has been proposed.
The Use of Mussel Shell as a Bio-Additive for Poly(Lactic Acid) Based Green Composites
Authors:   Chemistry Dept., Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey, Lap Metehan Oğulcan , Kanbur Yasin ,   Chemistry Dept., Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey, Tayfun Ümit ,   Chemistry Dept., Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir, Turkey,   Inovasens Ltd.,Izmir Technopark, Izmir, Turkey
Published: November 2021

Mussel shell is one of the most hazardous aquaculture wastes and its powder was used as an additive for bio-degradable poly (lactic acid) in this current study. Bio-composites were fabricated via conventional melt mixing technique followed by an injection moulding process. The effects of mussel shell powder inclusion on mechanical, melt-flow, water uptake and morphological performance of poly (lactic acid)-based green composites were reported.
The spin-polarized electronic and magnetic properties of zinc selenide heavy doped with chromium
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, Syrotyuk Stepan
Published: November 2021

Atthe first stage, the structureof theZnSe crystal doped with chromium atoms (ZnCrSe)has been found by optimization procedure. At the second stage, the electronic properties of this material have been evaluated within the two approaches. The exchange-correlation functionals used here are based on the generalized gradient approximation (GGA) and the hybrid functional PBE0. The GGA approach provides the metallic state for electrons with the spin up, and for opposite spin orientation the material ZnCrSe bahaves as semiconductor, with the band gap of 2.48 eV. The hybrid functional approach also gives a gapless state for a spin up electron states, and for a spin down it provides the forbidden gap value of 2.39 eV. The magnetic moment of the unit cell, found with the two functionals, is the same and equals to 4 Bμ(Bohr magnetons). So, the calculations with the two exchange-correlation functionals provide the prediction of half-metallic properties of the ZnCrSe material, which is an interesting candidate for spintronic applications.
Pembelajaran Gelombang Bunyi Menggunakan Alat Musik Suling dan Gawai pada Pelajaran IPA SMP di Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Sriyansyah Syakti Perdana , Anwar Khairil
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThe COVID-19 pandemic requires teachers to think carefully and creatively in designing learning so that it remains interactive and appropriate to achieve the learning goals. Physics learning with using a flute and a smartphone described in this paper is the result of a thought process about how students can still conduct experiments from home using simple equipment to measure the speed of sound in the air and at the same time learn the concepts of loudness and pitch of sound. A total of 37 eighth grade students in 2020/2021 academic year and 23 students in 2018/2019 acadeymic year at a private junior high school in Bekasi were involved in a pre-experimental study with a one-group posttest only design. A set of 10-item multiple-choice diagnostic tests taken from the Mechanical Wave Conceptual Survey and summative tests in the form of structured questions were arranged to test students' conceptual understanding after receiving sound wave learning. The average of diagnostic test and summative test in the 2018/2019 and 2020/2021 academic years were 30, 48 and 60 respectively out of 100 with a summative test completion percentage of 35% in 2018/2019 and 70% in 2020/2021 . Keywords: physics experiment, sound waves, recorder, smartphoneABSTRAK Masa pandemi Covid-19 menuntut guru untuk terus berpikir secara hati-hati dan kreatif dalam merancang pembelajaran agar tetap interaktif dan tepat mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang ditetapkan. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan suling dan berbantuan gawai yang dipaparkan dalam tulisan ini merupakan hasil dari proses berpikir tentang bagaimana siswa tetap dapat melakukan eksperimen dari rumah memanfaatkan peralatan sederhana untuk mengukur kelajuan gelombang bunyi di udara dan sekaligus mempelajari konsep kekerasan bunyi (loudness) dan tinggi nada (pitch) bunyi. Siswa kelas delapan sebanyak 37 siswa tahun ajaran 2020/2021 dan 23 siswa tahun ajaran 2018/2019 pada salah satu sekolah menengah pertama swasta di Kota Bekasi dilibatkan dalam penelitian pre-experiment dengan desain one-group posttest only. Seperangkat tes diagnostik berbentuk pilihan ganda sebanyak 10 butir yang diambil dari Mechanical Wave Conceptual Survey dan tes sumatif berbentuk uraian disusun untuk menguji pemahaman konsep siswa setelah mendapatkan pembelajaran gelombang bunyi. Rata-rata tes diagnostik dan tes sumatif pada tahun ajaran 2018/2019 dan 2020/2021 berturut-turut sebesar 30, 48 dan 60 dari maksimum nilai 100 dengan persentase ketuntasan tes sumatif sebesar 35% di 2018/2019 dan 70% di 2020/2021.Kata kunci: eksperimen fisika, gelombang bunyi, suling, gawai
Pengetahuan Etnosains Guru Biologi di SMA Negeri Kota Pekanbaru
Authors: Rikizaputra Rikizaputra , Festiyed Festiyed , Diliarosta Skunda , Firda Arlian
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTThis research aims to find out the ethnoscience knowledge profile of biology teachers at Pekanbaru City State High School and the obstacles faced by biology teachers in implementing ethnoscience in learning. This study is a survey study at Pekanbaru City State High School using google form-based questionnaires and online interviews. The research population is a biology teacher who teaches at Pekanbaru City State High School with a sample of 40% of biology teachers taken randomly simply. The data is analyzed with descriptive percentage techniques.  The results showed that 27.30% of teachers knew ethnoscience concepts, 63.60% were unaware and 9.10% did not know.  Ethnoscience implementation in learning is carried out by 22.70% in a planned manner, 36.40 unplanned and 40.90% never implies ethnoscience. 27.70% felt the lack of application of curriculum demands became an obstacle in ethnoscience implentation, 63.60% of teachers lacked understanding in integrating, 13.60% felt due to environmental constraints. 60% of teachers say important ethnoscience is implemented in learning, 30% is less important and 10% of teachers feel unimportant. Thus it can be concluded that in general teachers are less aware of ethnoscience concepts and never apply because they lack understanding of integrating, whereas important ethnoscience is implemented.Keywords: ethnoscience, teacher, biologyABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui profil pengetahuan etnosains guru biologi di SMA Negeri se Kota Pekanbaru  dan kendala yang dihadapi guru  biologi dalam mengimplementasikan etnosains dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei di SMA Negeri Se Kota Pekanbaru menggunakan angket berbasis google form dan wawancara online. Populasi penelitian merupakan guru biologi yang mengajar di SMA Negeri se Kota Pekanbaru dengan sampel 40 % guru biologi yang diambil secara acakmsederhana. Data dianalisis dengan teknik deskriptif persentase.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 27,30% guru  mengetahui konsep etnosains, 63,60% kurang mengetahui dan 9,10% tidak mengetahui.  Implementasi etnosains dalam pemeblajaran dilakukan oleh 22,70% secara terencana, 36,40& tidak terencana dan 40,90% tidak pernah mengimplentasikan etnosains. 27,70% merasa kurang ekplisitnya tuntutan kurikulum menjadi kendala dalam implentasi etnosains, 63,60% guru kurang paham dalam mengintegrasikan, 13,60% merasa karena kendala lingkungan. 60% guru menyatakan etnosains penting diimplementasikan dalam pembelajaran, 30% kurang penting dan 10% guru measa tidak penting. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara umum guru kurang mengetahui konsep etnosains dan tidak pernah penerapkan karena kurang paham mengintegrasikan, padahal etnosains penting diimplementasikan.Kata kunci: etnosains, guru, biologi
Hidrokarbon dan Minyak Bumi dalam Prespektif Al Quran
Authors: Hadi Kuncoro , Sofyanita Sofyanita , Ardiansyah Ardiansyah
Published: November 2021

ABSTRACTAl-Quran integration in chemistry, especially Hydrocarbons and Petroleum materials can be done. This research is a literature study, using a qualitative descriptive method using incident data that is explained argumentatively and narrative. Hydrocarbons are chemical compounds found in the body of living things, consisting of the elements H, C, O and several other elements, these are found in QS. Ar Rahman verse 14, QS. Al Hijr: verse 28, QS. Ash Shaffaat: verse 11, QS. Ali Imran: verse 59. The process of forming petroleum is contained in QS. Al-A'la verses 4-5. Integration can also be done by studying the values of life contained in hydrocarbon materials. The results of the study are as follows (1) To be grateful in the Al Quran there are signs for chemistry. (2) Reproducing the unique concept of carbon atoms in life.Keywords: hydrocarbons, petroleum, al quran, integration, and chemistry    ABSTRAK Integrasi Al Quran dalam ilmu kimia terutama materi hidrokarbon dan minyak bumi dapat dilakukan. Penelitian ini merupakan studi kepustakaan, menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan data peristiwa yang dijelaskan secara argumentatif dan naratif.  Hidrokarbon merupakan senyawa kimia yang terdapat di dalam tubuh mahluk hidup yang terditi dari unsur H, C, O dan beberapan unsur lain hal ini terdapat dalam QS. Ar Rahman ayat 14, QS. Al Hijr: ayat 28, QS. Ash Shaffaat: ayat 11, QS. Ali Imran: ayat 59. Proses pembentukan minyak bumi terdapat dalam QS. Al-A’la ayat 4-5. Integrasi juga dapat dilakukan dengan kajian nilai-nilai kehidupan yang terdapat dalam materi hidrokarbon. Hasil kajian yaitu sebagai berikut (1) Mensyukuri di dalam Al Quran terdapat tanda-tanda untuk ilmu kimia. (2) Merupakan konsep kekhasan atom karbon dalam kehidupan sehari-hari.   Kata kunci: hidrokarbon, minyak bumi, al quran, integrasi, dan ilmu kimia
POSSIBILITIES FOR VERIFICATION OF NEONATAL SEPSIS
Authors: L. O. Bezrukov  , O. V. Vlasova  , L. V. Kolyubakina  , H. V. Nikorych
Published: November 2021

The conducted research and own observations demonstrated the current possibilities for verification of neonatal sepsis in newborns. In both clinical cases, neonatal sepsis has developed in premature infants born from mothers having infectious risk factors in their anamnesis. The peculiarities of clinical manifestations were a rapid increase in the phenomena of multiple organ failure with the damage of a number of organs and systems, thrombocytopenia and leukocytosis, high level of C-reactive protein, and presepsin rate. In the epidemiological respect the associations of microorganisms prevailed among the pathogens, in particular, antibiotic resistant strains of Klebsiella pneumonia in combination with Ac. Baumannii and St. Epedermidis took the leading place among them. It has been shown that the determination of the presepsin rate in biological media is perspective for the early and reliable verification of neonatal sepsis, especially among premature infants.
DIAGNOSIS OF COLORECTAL ANASTOMOSIS FAILURE (review of foreign literature)
Authors: R. V. Senyutovych  , O. I. Ivashchuk  , V. Yu. Bodyaka  , Yu. Ya. Chuprovsʹka
Published: November 2021

The data about leaks of colorectal anastomosis is presented. Analysis of 25 articles is presented. Method of diagnostics of this complication is computed tomography after contrast enema. Specificity of this method is more than 90%. Endoscopic methods of visualization of leaks were not found to be reasonable. Laboratory examination of drainage exudates is advisable. Different cardiac symptoms appear in 40% of patients. The level of prognostic value is not high; the surgeons predict the possibility of the leaks- sensitivity 62%, specificity – 52%. The analysis of some biological substances in drainage fluid - interleukin, C reactive protein, necrosis tumor factor is indicated. Contrast radiological methods have sensitivity 94-100%. Intraoperative tests with methylene blue are useful for indication to repair anastomosis during operation. Intraoperative colonoscopy is in process of investigation.
CURRENT VIEW CONCERNING MOLECULAR-GENETIC MECHANISMS OF THE INTER-CELLULAR INTERACTION IN THE PROCESS OF OSSEOUS REMODELING
Authors: O. M. Slobodyan  , L. P. Lavriv  , L. Ya. Lopushnyak  , A. V. Bambulyak  , O. M. Boychuk
Published: November 2021

Bones are not inert structures inside the human body; they respond dynamically and with high plasticity to exo- and endogenous factors by changes of their content, structure, characteristics of solidity, etc. This process of skeletal changes known as bone remodeling provides structural integrity of the osseous system and promotes metabolic balance of calcium and phosphorus; remodeling causes resorption of the old or damaged bone followed by the formation of new osseous material. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) constituting a group of morphogenetic signal growth factors (known as cytokines as well) first were described as molecules stimulating formation of the endochondrial osseous tissue.  Osteoprotegerin (OPG) is a representative of the super-family of soluble factors to tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and belongs to secretory low molecular glycoproteins which trans-membrane receptors are located on the surface of osteoblasts, immune cells and precursors of osteoclasts. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1) is a representative of cytokines protein in nature, released into the intercellular matrix by the osseous tissue cells and macrophages. It controls a life cycle of cells from the osteoid line, that is, their proliferation, cellular differentiation and functional activity. Sclerostin is produced by osteocytes, mineralized hypertrophic chondrocytes and cementocytes (dental cells) only. It belongs to the components of DAN glycoprotein family (differential screening-selected aberrant genes of neuroblastoma).
PROFESSOR YURI TANASOVICH AHTEMIICHUK (1958-2014)
Authors: T. M. Boychuk  , O. M. Slobodyan  , L. P. Lavriv  , O. V. Akhtemiychuk  , D. H. Manchulenko
Published: November 2021

"You have to think and live always more than you can..." (Alesandro Achillini)To the 60th anniversary of the birth of Professor Yuriy Tanasovych Akhtemiychuk (1958-2014).
DISORDERS OF GASTORINTESTINAL TRACT WITH ACUTE NECROTIZING PANCREATITIS
Authors: O. V. Rotar
Published: November 2021

Objective: to establish changes of intestinal functions, including absorbing and metabolic, and their influence on complications development during phases of acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Material and methods. A prospective observational cohort study of 151 patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis which were admitted to intensive care department was conducted. Severity of intestinal dysfunction was determined according to European Society of Intensive Care Medicine (ESICM) Recommendations. Clinical and laboratory changes as well as plasma citrulline concentrations were studied. Results and discussion. Disorders of gastrointestinal functions of 1st grade were found in 17.9%, 2nd grade – 29.1%, 3rd grade – 31.7%, 4th grade – 8.6% of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis. Serum citrulline concentration below 12.5 µmol/l enabled to diagnose development of intestinal failure. It was established by multivariate logistic regression that respiratory, cardio-vascular, renal and intestinal failure were independent mortality factors. Conclusions:  Disorders of gastrointestinal functions in 35.8% of patients with acute necrotizing pancreatitis are represented by feeding intolerance, in 33.2% - by intestinal failure. Plasma citrulline concentration enables to diagnose development of intestinal failure with high sensitivity and specificity.
LECTIN-HISTOCHEMICAL REGULARITIES OF DIFFERENTIATION OF THE HUMAN PAROTID GLAND EPITHELIAL GERMS
Authors: Slobodian О. М. , Lavriv L. P. , Stoliar D. B. , Kashperuk-Karpiuk I. S. , Rak L. M.
Published: November 2021

Glycopolymer compounds make up structural and functional basis of cells and tissues of a living organism. The necessity of anatomical-lectinohistochemical examination of the parotid gland in early prenatal period of ontogenesis is substantiated, as the evidences concerning its topography are fragmentary and not systematized, and certain aspects of its ontogenesis are disputable. 35 human embryos and pre-fetuses aged from 21 days to 12 weeks of intrauterine development were examined. Glycopolymers were found by means of treatment of serial sections with lectins conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. The dynamics of prenatal morphogenesis of the embryos and pre-fetuses of the 4th-12th week of embryogenesis expression of glycopolymers – lectinreceptors on the surface of cells, in the cytoplasm and on the basal membrane of the parotid gland epithelial germs and the human oral cavity with its derivatives by re-distribution of glycopolymers are similar, which can be the evidence of ectodermal source of the parotid gland epithelial germ. Immersion of the epithelial cells of the buccal-alveolar pockets into the lower adjacent mesenchyme with the formation of primary parotid gland germs in embryos with 11,0-12,5 mm of PCL and their transformation into the epithelial taeniae is associated with accumulation of sialic glycopolymers (N-acetyl neuraminic acid), N-acetyl-D-glucosamine – specific to Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) and Sambucus nigra agglutinin (SNA); N-acetyl-2-desoxy-2-amino-D-glucopyranose, screened by sialic acid of ß-D-galactose and α-L-fucose – specific to Helix pomatia (edible snail) agglutinin (HPA),  Rhizoctonia solani agglutinin (RCA) and Laburnum anagyroides (Golden Rain shrub) agglutinin (LABA) respectively. These glycopolymers are present during the first 12 weeks both on the cytolemma of the cells of the parotid gland epithelial germ and in their cytoplasm.   The results of lectin-histochemical examination of the early prenatal ontogenesis of the parotid gland can form the basis for the work of laboratories dealing with screening of morphological material in order to assess the degree of maturation and prognosis of fetus viability and diagnostics of deviations from normal development.
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE VENTRICULAR BRAIN SYSTEMS IN THE ELDERLY AGE
Authors: Slobodian O. , Kryvetskyi V. , Khmara T.
Published: November 2021

The introduction into medical practice of new methods of neuroimaging - computed and magnetic resonance imaging, has changed the principles of diagnosing morphological changes in the brain and opened up new horizons in the study of its structure. The literature sources provide conflicting and fragmentary data on the anatomical features and morphometric parameters of the parts of the brain, and especially its ventricular system, at different age periods of a person's life. The human brain is characterized by significant age-sex anatomical variability. It differs in men and women in different races, ethnic groups. Signs of difference persist from generation to generation and can be an important characteristic of the variability of the human brain as a species. However, the sex and age features of the structure of the cerebral ventricles, taking into account their individual anatomical variability, have not been sufficiently studied. During morphometric study of magnetic resonance tomograms a comprehensive in vivo characteristic of the cerebral ventricular system in elderly persons is presented. Gender peculiarities and inter-hemispheric asymmetry of relevant indicators are studied. The examinations were conducted in standard anatomical planes (sagittal, frontal and axial) in people with no visual signs of organic lesions of the brain and skull. 38 tomograms of elderly patients were analyzed 38 (14 men and 24 women). 13 indicators of the liquor system of the brain were studied and a significant increase of the following parameters were found in males: the length of the anterior horn of the right lateral ventricle, the length and width of the central part of the lateral ventricle both on the right and left, the length of the lower horn of the lateral ventricle on the left and right, and anterior-posterior size of the lateral ventricle on the right and left. Some of the parameters studied possessed reliable inter-hemispheric asymmetry, namely, in men on the left: the body width of the lateral ventricle, the length and width of the posterior horn of the lateral ventricle, anterior-posterior size of the lateral ventricle; in women – the length of the lower horn of the lateral ventricle on the right.
SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ANOMALIES OF FIXATION OF THE COLON IN CHILDREN
Authors: Bodnar O.
Published: November 2021

Pyrrhic disease is a congenital anomaly that occurs during embryogenesis due to the fixation of the splenic angle of the colon by a short and highly located left transverse-diaphragmatic ligament, creating a sharp bend and forming a "wellbore". In this case the passage of feces on a cross colon becomes difficult, there is also its sagging to a small pelvis. This pathology is characterized by paroxysmal pain (aggravated by exercise and after eating) and prolonged constipation, which progresses over time. Hilaiditis syndrome is a rather rare pathology in which there is an interposition of the hepatic angle of the colon between the liver and the diaphragm. There are permanent and intermittent localizations. The work generalizes the experience of evaluation of clinical manifestations and remote results of treatment of children with chronic colostasis caused by fixation abnormalities of the colon. 58 children were detected to have Payre’s disease, with Cyilaiditi’s syndrome – 3 children. 24 patients with Payre’s disease and 2 Cyilaiditi’s syndrome were operated on. To assess the effectiveness of surgery, children were divided into two groups: I group – comparative and II group - experienced. In I group (n=12 children) – the analysis of surgical treatment was performed traditionally. In II group (n=14 children) – the analysis of surgical treatment was conducted by means of the methods proposed. Traditional surgical treatment of Payre’s disease in children was followed by relapse of chronic constipation in 45,45%, pain in 50%, flatulence in 33,33% and failure of the ileocoecal closing apparatus in 100% of children. Unsatisfactory outcomes of surgical treatment of Cyilaiditi’s syndrome was observed in a child from the comparative group. Relapse of clinical symptoms to a lesser degree than before the surgery was found in 1 child from the experienced group. To treat Payre’s disease the following operation is proposed: intersection of the left diaphragm-colon ligament, resection of transverse colon and colofixation of the left bending of the colon. To treat Cyilaiditi’s syndrome (in case of dolichoascendocolon) the following operation is suggested: hepatopexy, resection of the right bending of the colon with ascending transversal anastomosis “end to end”, fixing of right bending of the colon. Their reasonability is being proved.
NEW APPROACHES TO POSTOPERATIVE TREATMENT PERITONITIS
Authors: Maksymyuk V. , Sheremet M.
Published: November 2021

A significant role in the pathogenesis of peritonitis is attributed to free radical mechanisms of tissue damage. Due to inhibition of a number of membrane-bound enzymes and FRO of lipids of plasma membranes, foci of secondary necrosis appear in the peritoneum. Oxidized lipids have antigenic properties, and therefore stimulate autoimmune processes of tissue damage. In the pathogenesis of peritonitis, an important role is played by inflammatory mediators - cytokines. Their biological activity is manifested by the action on highly specific receptors located on cells. At the same time, interleukins and tumor necrosis factor act on all cells, exhibiting a systemic effect. It was found that the activity of ceruloplasmin in the blood plasma of patients in the control group progressively decreased from the first to the fifth day of the postoperative period, from 77.2 ± 5.61 to 59.32 ± 4.42 o.o. / g of protein, and in the patients of the experimental group it increased highly reliably - from 77.2 ± 5.61 to 97.31 ± 4.42 o.o. / h protein (p <0.001). The same pattern is characteristic of catalase activity. The activity of glutathione peroxidase in patients of both groups significantly decreased up to 3 days after the operation and increased on the fifth day, and it was more pronounced in the patients of the experimental group. When studying the level of cytokines, it was found that the expression of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1b, IL-8, TNFa exceeded the control values, while the expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1Ra was "delayed" (almost twofold). The highest expression of IL-1b, IL-8 potentiated further chain of pro-inflammatory reactions indicates the adequacy of the anti-inflammatory response and the relative balance between pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the adequacy of anticytokine therapy. The total number of septic complications (PBS) in the control group was 82.4%, and in the experimental group it was 66.7%. In dynamics study of pro- and antioxidant systems and serum concentra-tions of cytokine in the patients with acute peritonitis was high prognostic significance of results this study, which allows defining treatment tactic of these patients. To include in complex post-operative treatment of these pa-tients with evaluated antioxidant and anticytokine therapy allowed reducing the development of purulent-septic complications from 82.4 to 66.7%, which increased effectively of treatment in such patients and reduced the term of hospitality.
HERNIOPLASTY METHOD
Authors: Shkvarkovskyi I.
Published: November 2021

Autoplasty of inguinal hernias is accompanied by a high recurrence rate of the disease - 10-12%. Therefore, the main principle of surgical treatment of hernias at the present time is the performance of plastics "without tension" using modern synthetic materials. However, in any type of aloplasty, despite the inertness of the synthetic material, a tissue reaction with a pronounced inflammatory component develops around it, causing a number of specific complications. Among them are seromas, hematomas, foreign body sensation, chronic groin pain syndrome. At the same time, there is an increasing number of reports on the risk of specific complications due to contact of the allograft with the spermatic cord. This study is based on the results of a topographic and anatomical study of 50 unfixed corpses of men on the first day after death at the age of 34 to 65 years, with a height of 160.0 to 190.0 cm. cord into the anterior rectal space and the method of fixing the allograft. The proposed method is used as follows. An oblique incision in the groin area above and in the middle of the groin folds cut through the skin and subcutaneous tissue. The aponeurosis of the external oblique abdominal muscle is isolated and opened. The hernial sac is differentiated and isolated. With an oblique hernia, the latter is stitched at the neck, the remainder is cut off. With a direct hernia, the hernial sac, without opening, is immersed in the anterior urethral space. The transverse fascia is dissected from the inner opening of the inguinal canal to the outer edge of the rectus sheath. After mobilization, the spermatic cord is placed in the anterior ureal space, and the edges of the transverse fascia are sutured with a continuous suture with the elimination of the inner opening of the inguinal canal. A new exit site of the spermatic cord is formed at the lateral edge of the sheath of the rectus abdominis muscle. Plasty of the hernial defect is performed using a mesh implant, along the upper edge of which a notch is formed, the size of which corresponds to the diameter of the spermatic cord. The proposed method prevents the contact of the spermatic cord with the aloprosthesis, thereby preventing the development of specific complications. In addition, suturing the deep inguinal ring, as one of the weakest points of the inguinal canal, prevents the development of hernia recurrence.
Manajemen Kurikulum Pendidikan Islam Berbasis Multikultural
Authors: Rohmat Rohmat
Published: November 2021

Abstract:  This article attempts to create a reflection of the Islamic educational curriculum, and some alternative Islamic education curriculum based of multicultulral. As for some of the underlying assumptions, that the practice of teaching Islamic education was oriented toward mastery of teaching material has not been oriented toward understanding and awareness creation on respect for diversity of race, ethics, culture. Islamic Education as one of the important aspects as the formation of character, should have the concept that learing is more directed at the character formation of children and respect for cultural diversity. Thus, to Look forthe development of Islamic education curriculum model (Madrasah Aliyah) based of multicultural. Management of multicultural based Islamic education can be through several phases: content integration, the knowledge construction process, an equity paedagogy, and prejudice reduction. The focus of management of multicultural based curriculum Islamic education should be directed to find the msdel of Islamic education (Madrasah Aliyah) that can explore humanist values and universal. Islamic education learning design (Madrasah Aliyah) based mutticultural directed the efforts to form the character of the appreciation and respect for diversity of thought, concept, and culture. Development of leaming modets of Islamic education in Madrasah Aliyah multicultural-based refers to a balanced composition of matter Koran, Hadith , fiqh, aqidah, and akhlak.

Keywords: Management of curriculum, Education, Multicultural.
Alat Pendidikan: Reward and Punishment dalam Perspektif Falsafah Pendidikan Istam
Authors: Sapri Sapri
Published: November 2021

Abstract: The success ofthe educational process is influenced by educational tool, in the form of rewards and punishment. Both have been implemented by teachers in the learning process from early days until now. Educators or teachers should give their best to motivate each of their students by selecting the best educational toot. Therefore, we needs a proper understanding of this concept of reward and punishment. In addition, educators may only use reward and punishment as motivation. Reward and punishment must be carried out in accordance with the principtes contained in the teachings of Islam. The use of rewards is more effective than punishment, therefore, punishment may be used when other atternatives are not able to solve problems facing children.

Keywords: Reward, punishment, motivation, philosophy of Islamic Education.
Pembaharuan Sistem Pendidikan Islam di Indonesia (Menggagas Format Pendidikan Islam Ideal di Tengah Arus Perubahan)
Authors: Murtadlo Ali
Published: November 2021

Abstract : This paper reveals some poor elements in the Indonesian education. There are several structures in education that need to be update. If this condition is left just like that, then education will not lead to the transformation of the intellect which is expected to advance the nation. Dhicotomy in education, and lack of ability of teachers, are elements that need to observed. Moreover, that ideal Islamic educational system improvement needs to be done, namely with integralistic education, humanistic, pragmatic, and rooted in a strong culture. The system needs to be refreshed to get composition of the ideal to transform the concept and implementation knowledge. However, the need to also understand the performance of the basic philosophical framework of Islamic teachings for a change with a definite direction. Therefore, education can be relevant to the needs of society in turmoil facing science and sophisticated technology.

Keywords: Education, System, Islam, Indonesia, Change, and Society.
Pengembangan Etika dan Nilai Olympis dalam Mengajar Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga
Authors: Kasmad Rachmat
Published: November 2021

Abstract: This paper discussed the role of sport in modern development that need to be addressed critically. Modern life makes kids, teen, even parents only move within a narrow room. They exercise less, resulting in excess weight, and other diseases. They need the exercise. Exercise can actually display the lesson of life for oneâ€™s ethics. However, implementation of the sport requires a knowledge or education, which will direct a person to exercise properly and correctly. The presence of Olympics (competition) makes a lot of people who exercise justifies any means. Therefore, educator, teacher, or coach must be wise in putting the competition in learning of physical education and sports.

Keyword: Sport, Physical Education, Ethics, Olympism, and Teaching.