bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-frequency ultrasound in patients with seronegative rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Wang Junkui , Wang Miao , Qi Qinghua , Wu Zhibin , Wen Jianguo
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to investigate the value of high-frequency ultrasound (HFUS) in differentiation of the seronegative rheumatoid arthritis (SNRA) and osteoarthritis (OA) and in the diagnosis of SNRA. 83 patients diagnosed with SNRA (SNRA group) and 40 diagnosed with OA (OA group) who received HFUS were retrospectively analyzed. The grayscale (GS) scores, power Doppler (PD) scores, and bone erosion (BE)scores were recorded, and added up to calculate the total scores of US variables. The correlations of the total scores of US variables with the 28-joint disease activity score (DAS28), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were analyzed. The diagnostic efficacy of the total scores of US variables for SNRA was assessed. In the SNRA group, the detection rate of abnormal US findings in the joints and tendons by GS and PD as well as BE was higher than those in the OA group. There were significant differences between the two groups in GS scores and PD scores of joints and tendons, and BE scores of joints (P < 0.05). In the SNRA group, the total scores of most US variables were positively correlated with CRP, ESR, and DAS28 (P < 0.05), while such correlations were not observed in the OA group (P > 0.05). Among different US variables, the diagnostic value of total PD scores of the joints was the highest for SNRA. HFUS could be used to differentiate SNRA from OA and make a diagnosis of SNRA based on joint and tendon synovial sheath assessment.
Advanced maternal age and severe maternal morbidity in South Korea: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Kim Juyeong , Nam Jin Young , Park Eun-Cheol
Published: December 2022

To investigate the association between maternal age and severe maternal morbidity (SMM) in a Korean population. Data for cases of delivery between 2003 and 2019 were extracted from the Korean National Health Insurance Service-National Delivery Cohort. The main outcome was SMM, which was determined using the Center for Disease Control and Prevention’s algorithm. A generalized estimating equation model with a log link was performed for the relationship between SMM and maternal age adjusted for covariates. SMM occurred in 40,959/2,113,615 (1.9%) of delivery cases. Teenagers and women 35 years and older had an increased risk of SMM in both nulliparous and multiparous cases (ages 15–19: risk ratio (RR) 1.32, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.15–1.46; ages 35–39: RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.21–1.28; ages 40–44: RR 1.57, 95% CI 1.50–1.64; and ages 45 or older: RR 2.07, 95% CI 1.75–2.44). Women aged 40 years and older had the highest rates of SMM. In singleton births as well as in nulliparous and multiparous cases, teenagers and women aged 35 years and older had a particularly high risk of SMM. Identifying and managing risk factors for SMM in these vulnerable age groups may improve maternal health outcomes.
Cycloidal-spiral sampling for three-modal x-ray CT flyscans with two-dimensional phase sensitivity
Authors: Lioliou G. , Roche i Morgó O. , Marathe S. , Wanelik K. , Cipiccia S. , Olivo A. , Hagen C. K.
Published: December 2022

We present a flyscan compatible acquisition scheme for three-modal X-Ray Computed Tomography (CT) with two-dimensional phase sensitivity. Our approach is demonstrated using a “beam tracking” setup, through which a sample’s attenuation, phase (refraction) and scattering properties can be measured from a single frame, providing three complementary contrast channels. Up to now, such setups required the sample to be stepped at each rotation angle to sample signals at an adequate rate, to prevent resolution losses, anisotropic resolution, and under-sampling artefacts. However, the need for stepping necessitated a step-and-shoot implementation, which is affected by motors’ overheads and increases the total scan time. By contrast, our proposed scheme, by which continuous horizontal and vertical translations of the sample are integrated with its rotation (leading to a “cycloidal-spiral” trajectory), is fully compatible with continuous scanning (flyscans). This leads to greatly reduced scan times while largely preserving image quality and isotropic resolution.
Convenient exosome separation by phosphatidylserine targeting polymer brush materials
Authors: Li Shuming , Hao Shasha , Yang Yetong , He Yuxing , Long Chenle , Zhang Zhiqi , Zhang Jing
Published: December 2022

Phosphatidylserine anchoring polymer brushes were designed and applied for the selective separation of exosomes with good purity and integrity.
Divergent upgrading pathways of sulfones with primary alcohols: nickel-catalyzed α-alkylation under N2 and metal-free promoted β-olefination in open air
Authors: Yu Haiping , Fu Kaiyue , Yang Guang , Liu Mengyu , Yang Peng , Liu Tao
Published: December 2022

Coupling of sulfones and alcohols catalyzed by Ni(OAc)2/P(t-Bu)3 undergoes α-alkylation while β-olefination proceeds in the presence of a base and air.
A multi-faceted structural, thermodynamic, and spectroscopic approach for investigating ethanol dehydration over transition phase aluminas
Authors: Strange Nicholas A. , Adak Sourav , Stroupe Zachary , Crain Christopher A. , Novak Eric C. , Daemen Luke L. , Larese J. Z.
Published: December 2022

The surface-catalyzed dehydration of ethanol over transition phase aluminas was studied using a multi-faceted structural and thermodynamic characterization approach, which enabled a detailed examination of the reaction mechanism using INS.
Hydrogen-induced phase stability and phonon mediated-superconductivity in two-dimensional van der Waals Ti2C MXene monolayer
Authors: Tsuppayakorn-aek P. , Bovornratanaraks T. , Ahuja R. , Luo W. , Kotmool K.
Published: December 2022

This work reports the phase stability of the hydrogenated Ti2C MXene monolayers using an evolutionary algorithm based on density functional theory and their predicted critical superconducting temperature (Tc).
Constructing asymmetric active sites on defective Ru/W18O49for photocatalytic nitrogen fixation
Authors: Shang Huan , Wang Yongjie , Jia Hongbao , Qu Minghan , Ye Xingyu , Zhu Qiong , Zhang Dieqing , Wang Ding , Li Guisheng , Li Hexing
Published: December 2022

Boosting photocatalytic N2fixation can be achieved on Ru/W18O49by tuning defect states by constructing asymmetric active sites.
A 1,2,3-triazole-derived pincer-type mesoionic carbene complex of iron(ii): carbonyl elimination and hydrosilylation of aromatic aldehydesviathe concerted reaction with hydrosilane and a base
Authors: Matsubara Kouki , Yamada Yuji , Iwasaki Haruka , Ikeda Hayao , Kanetsugu Yuki , Kawata Satoshi , Koga Yuji
Published: December 2022

The CO ligands of dicarbonyl Fe(ii) complex thermally liberated with a spin-state change from singlet to quintet. Hydrosilylation of aromatic ketones and aldehydes occurred,viaconcerted transmetallation with base and silane, based on calculations.
Hydroxyls on the B ring and gallic acyl are essential for catechins to restrain ADP-induced thrombosis
Authors: Pan Yani , Feng Xinyu , Zhou Su , Yang Shiyan , Qiu Pei , Gong Shuying , Chu Qiang , Chen Ping
Published: December 2022

Gallic acyl on the C ring and three hydroxyls on the B ring are the main functional groups affecting the antithrombotic effect of catechins.
Review of high-performance sustainable polymers in additive manufacturing
Authors: Chyr Gloria , DeSimone Joseph M.
Published: December 2022

This review evaluates the current state of sustainable polymers in additive manufacturing with a focus on higher performance capabilities.
The effect of phosphonates on lanthanide separation for surface-grafted porous zirconia
Authors: Otaki Miho , Suominen Topi , Suorsa Valtteri , Hietala Sami , Koivula Risto T.
Published: December 2022

Inorganic–organic hybrid sorbents were synthesized by grafting porous zirconia with a series of aminomethylenephosphonate ligands. Sorbents with a larger number of phosphonate groups showed higher selectivity for intra-lanthanide separation.
A theoretical study on the methanol to propene mechanism catalyzed by a phosphorus-modified acidic FAU zeolite
Authors: Xia Mengya , Tong Qiaoxian , Sun Huai , Sun Yingxin , Han Sheng , Li Qianggen
Published: December 2022

The methyl transfer pathway is the most favorable pathway in the polyMB cycle and the polyMB cycle is more competitive than the alkene cycle. The addition of the phosphorus atom in the FAU could improve the productivity of propene in the MTP process.
A plier-shaped binary molecular wheel B7Mg4+cluster: hybrid in-plane heptacoordination, double π/σ aromaticity, and electronic transmutation
Authors: Han Peng-Fei , Wang Ying-Jin , Sun Qiang , Zhai Hua-Jin
Published: December 2022

A plier-shaped charge-transfer [Mg2]2+[Mg2B7]−complex cluster exhibits double 6π/6σ aromaticity, whose hybrid molecular wheel structure is rationalized using the concept of electronic transmutation.
A Cu-BOX catalysed enantioselective Mukaiyama-aldol reaction with difluorinated silyl enol ethers and acylpyridine N-oxides
Authors: Sanz-Marco Amparo , Esperilla Daniel , Montesinos-Magraner Marc , Vila Carlos , Muñoz M. Carmen , Pedro José R. , Blay Gonzalo
Published: December 2022

Chiral difluorinated tertiary alcohols are obtained in moderate to excellent yields and high enantioselectivities upon a Cu(ii)-catalysed reaction of difluorinated silyl enol ethers and acylpyridine N-oxides.
Regioselective C(sp2)–H imidation of arenes by redox neutral visible-light photocatalysis
Authors: Ghosh Manoj Kumar , Sharma Kumari Swati , Pandey Ganesh
Published: December 2022

A redox neutral visible light-induced regioselective C(sp2)–H imidation of electron-rich arenes and heteroarenes using conceptually designed redox-active imide as the N-centered imidyl radical source is reported.
Optimization mechanism and applications of ultrafast laser machining towards highly designable 3D micro/nano structuring
Authors: Yang Xiaomeng , Song Ruiqi , He Liang , Wu Leixin , He Xin , Liu Xiaoyu , Tang Hui , Lu Xiaolong , Ma Zeyu , Tian Peng
Published: December 2022

The optimization mechanism of ultrafast laser machining is introduced. The specific applications of laser processed 3D micro/nano structures in optical, electrochemical and biomedical fields are elaborated, and perspectives are presented.
Role of O–H⋯O/S conventional hydrogen bonds in considerable Csp2–H blue-shift in the binary systems of acetaldehyde and thioacetaldehyde with substituted carboxylic and thiocarboxylic acids
Authors: An Nguyen Truong , Duong Nguyen Thi , Tri Nguyen Ngoc , Trung Nguyen Tien
Published: December 2022

The presence of O–H⋯O/S conventional hydrogen bonds in the complex governs a significant blue shift of Csp2–H bonds.
DFT and COSMO-RS studies on dicationic ionic liquids (DILs) as potential candidates for CO2 capture: the effects of alkyl side chain length and symmetry in cations
Authors: Torkzadeh Mehrangiz , Moosavi Majid
Published: December 2022

The weaker interaction energy between anions and cations, the stronger interaction of a CO2 molecule with the cation. Also, the selectivity of CO2 from H2, CO and CH4 gases decreases slightly with increasing the length of side alkyl chains.
DTBP-mediated cross-dehydrogenative coupling of 3-aryl benzofuran-2(3H)-ones with toluenes/phenols for all-carbon quaternary centers
Authors: Tong Zhou , Peng Xinju , Tang Zhi , Yang Weijun , Deng Wei , Yin Shuang-Feng , Kambe Nobuaki , Qiu Renhua
Published: December 2022

We have developed a transition-metal free protocol for efficient cross-dehydrogenative coupling of 3-aryl benzofuran-2(3H)-ones and toluenes/phenols using DTBP as an oxidant.
Solution processed high performance perovskite solar cells based on a silver nanowire-titanium dioxide hybrid top electrode
Authors: Mahmood Khalid , Akhtar Hafiz Husnanin , Qutab Haji Ghulam , Ramzan Naveed , Sharif Rabia , Rehman Abdul , Khalid Arshi , Mehran Muhammad Taqi
Published: December 2022

Longer silver nanowires (AgNWs) > 50 μm and even 90 μm in length have been produced via a polyol method by just changing the stirring speed at a temperature of 130 °C.
Designing red-fluorescent superparamagnetic nanoparticles by conjugation with gold clusters
Authors: Mikalauskaite Agne , Pleckaitis Marijus , Grinciene Giedre , Karabanovas Vitalijus , Jagminas Arunas
Published: December 2022

We report the study of gold clusters' attachment to magnetic nanoparticles by microwave processing for red-luminescent magnetic species formation.
Solvent-polarity reconfigurable fluorescent 4-piperazino-N-aryl-1,8-naphthalimide crown ether logic gates
Authors: Gauci Gabriel , Magri David C.
Published: December 2022

Two solvent-polarity sensitive fluorescent logic gates with benzo-15-crown-5 or benzo-18-crown-6 and piperazine receptors display TRANSFER logic in water and AND logic in methanol.
Effective defect passivation with a designer ionic molecule for high-efficiency vapour-deposited inorganic phase-pure CsPbBr3 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Guo Ruxin , Xia Junmin , Gu Hao , Chu Xuke , Zhao Yan , Meng Xianghuan , Wu Zhiheng , Li Jiangning , Duan Yanyan , Li Zhenzhen , Wen Zhaorui , Chen Shi , Cai Yongqing , Liang Chao , Shen Yonglong , Xing Guichuan , Zhang Wei , Shao Guosheng
Published: December 2022

Effective passivation of defects by a designer ionic liquid enables significantly lowered trap density in vapor deposited CsPbBr3, thus achieving highest PV cell efficiencies: 11.21% (0.04 cm2) and 9.18% (1 cm2).
Novel manganese and polyester dendrimer-based theranostic nanoparticles for MRI and breast cancer therapy
Authors: Zhou Xiaoxuan , Xu Xiaodan , Hu Qiuhui , Wu Yan , Yu Feidan , He Chengbin , Qian Yue , Han Yuxin , Tang Jianbin , Hu Hongjie
Published: December 2022

A manganese-based and hypericin-loaded polyester dendrimer nanoparticle (MHD) is reported for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and hypericin-based photodynamic therapy (PDT).
Synthesis and optical characterization of lead-free phenylenediammonium bismuth halide perovskites: a long charge carrier lifetime in phenylenediammonium bismuth iodide
Authors: Siddique Zumaira , Payne Julia L. , Sajjad Muhammad Tariq , Mica Natalie , Cordes David B. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Samuel Ifor D. W. , Iqbal Azhar , Irvine John T. S.
Published: December 2022

Here we report the synthesis and properties of some lead-free organic bismuth halides. β-(PPD)2Bi2I10 has the longest average charge carrier lifetime (>1 μs) of the materials studied here, of the same order of magnitude as that of (CH3NH3)PbI3 and has a low band gap.
All solution-processed hafnium rich hybrid dielectrics for hysteresis free metal-oxide thin-film transistors
Authors: Arroyo J. Meza , Rao M. G. Syamala , Ventura M. S. de Urquijo , Martínez-Landeros V. H. , Daunis Trey B. , Rodríguez Ovidio , Hsu Julia W. P. , Bon R. Ramírez
Published: December 2022

We fabricated all solution based In2O3 TFTs with AlOx–PVP and HfAlOx–PVP hybrid dielectric layers and observed the reduction of hysteresis by incorporation of HfOx into the pristine AlOx–PVP hybrid dielectric with enhanced electrical performance.
Refining Semantic Similarity of Paraphasias Using a Contextual Language Model
Authors: Salem Alexandra C. , Gale Robert , Casilio Marianne , Fleegle Mikala , Fergadiotis Gerasimos , Bedrick Steven
Published: December 2022

Purpose:

ParAlg (Paraphasia Algorithms) is a software that automatically categorizes a person with aphasia's naming error (paraphasia) in relation to its intended target on a picture-naming test. These classifications (based on lexicality as well as semantic, phonological, and morphological similarity to the target) are important for characterizing an individual's word-finding deficits or anomia. In this study, we applied a modern language model called BERT (Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers) as a semantic classifier and evaluated its performance against ParAlg's original word2vec model.

Method:

We used a set of 11,999 paraphasias produced during the Philadelphia Naming Test. We trained ParAlg with word2vec or BERT and compared their performance to humans. Finally, we evaluated BERT's performance in terms of word-sense selection and conducted an item-level discrepancy analysis to identify which aspects of semantic similarity are most challenging to classify.

Results:

Compared with word2vec, BERT qualitatively reduced word-sense issues and quantitatively reduced semantic classification errors by almost half. A large percentage of errors were attributable to semantic ambiguity. Of the possible semantic similarity subtypes, responses that were associated with or category coordinates of the intended target were most likely to be misclassified by both models and humans alike.

Conclusions:

BERT outperforms word2vec as a semantic classifier, partially due to its superior handling of polysemy. This work is an important step for further establishing ParAlg as an accurate assessment tool.
Multiscale attention dynamic aware network for fine‐grained visual categorization
Authors: Ou Jichu , Li Wanyi , Huang Jingmin , Huang Xiaojie , Xie Xuan
Published: December 2022

Fine‐grained visual categorization (FGVC) is a challenging task, facing the issues such as inter‐class similarities, large intra‐class variances, scale variation, and angle variation. To address these issues, the authors propose a novel multiscale attention dynamic aware network (MADA‐Net). The core of network consists of three parallel sub‐networks, which learn features from different scales. Each sub‐network is composed of three serial sub‐modules: (1) A self‐attention module (SAM) locates objects according to relative importance scattered throughout feature map. (2) A multiscale feature extractor (MFE) learns the non‐linear features of objects. (3) A dynamic aware module (DAM) enhances the learning capability of spatial deformation of the network to generate high‐quality feature map. In addition, the authors propose a multiscale adjusted loss (MA‐Loss) to improve the performance of network. Experiments on three prevailing benchmark datasets demonstrate that our method can achieve state‐of‐the‐art performance.
Non-LTE formation of the Fe I 6173 Å line in the solar atmosphere
Authors: Smitha H. N. , van Noort M. , Solanki S. K. , Castellanos Durán J. S.
Published: December 2022

The current analysis is dedicated to a detailed investigation of the non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) effects influencing the formation of the Fe I 6173 Å line, which is widely used by many instruments, including the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the Polarimetric and Helioseismic Imager on board the Solar Orbiter. We synthesize the Stokes profiles in a snapshot of a three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the solar photosphere under both LTE and NLTE conditions. The simulation cube contains a sunspot and a plage region around it. The LTE and NLTE Stokes profiles formed in different features are compared and analysed. NLTE effects are evident in both intensity and polarization profiles. For the 6173 Å line, UV overionization is the dominant NLTE mechanism, and scattering effects are much less important. In addition to Fe, an NLTE treatment of Si, Mg, and Al is necessary to set the right photon density in the UV. This is found to further enhance the LTE departures compared to the case where Fe alone is treated in NLTE. These effects in the Stokes profiles survive even when the profiles are averaged spatially or sampled on a coarse wavelength grid such as that used by the SDO/HMI and other magnetographs. The deviations from the LTE profiles are stronger in the Fe I 6173 Å compared to the 6301 Å–6302 Å lines because in the latter case, line scattering compensates the effect of UV overionization. Based on the nature of departures from LTE, treating the 6173 Å line in LTE will likely result in an overestimation of temperature and an underestimation of the magnetic field strength.
Global control aspects for long waves in nonlinear dispersive media
Authors: Capistrano-Filho Roberto de A. , Gomes Andressa
Published: December 2022

A class of models of long waves in dispersive media with coupled quadratic nonlinearities on a periodic domain T are studied. We used two distributed controls, supported in ω ⊂ T and assumed to be generated by a linear feedback law conserving the“mass” (or “volume”), to prove global control results. The first result, using spectral analysis, guarantees that the system in consideration is locally controllable inHs(T), fors≥ 0. After that, by certain properties of Bourgain spaces, we show a property of global exponential stability. This property together with the local exact controllability ensures for the first time in the literature that long waves in nonlinear dispersive media are globally exactly controllable in large time. Precisely, our analysis relies strongly on thebilinear estimatesusing the Fourier restriction spaces in two different dispersions that will guarantee a global control result for coupled systems of the Korteweg—de Vries type. This result, of independent interest in the area of control of coupled dispersive systems, provides a necessary first step for the study of global control properties to the coupled dispersive systems in periodic domains.
Effect of quenching temperature on microstructure and properties of low silicon hypereutectic high chromium cast iron
Authors: Cheng Xiaole , Zhang Dong , Wu Xiaojun , Xu Guangshen , Fu Hanguang
Published: December 2022

In this paper, the effects of different quenching temperatures on the microstructure and properties of Fe–4.0C–35.0Cr–0.5Si (wt.%) low-silicon hypereutectic high-chromium cast iron (LS-HHCCI) was investigated. The effect of quenching temperature on the microstructure of LS-HHCCI was analyzed by optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffractometer. After quenching at different temperatures, the hardness and wear resistance of LS-HHCCI were tested by Rockwell hardness tester, microhardness tester, and wear testing machine. The results show that the microstructure of as-cast LS-HHCCI is mainly composed of austenite matrix and M7C3 carbides. After quenching, the austenite matrix is transformed into martensite, and M23C6 type secondary carbides are precipitated in the matrix. As the quenching temperature increased from 950 °C to 1100 °C, the eutectic carbides first appeared as fine needles, and then they gather and grow up, showing elongated or lumpy. The hardness and abrasion resistance first increase and then decrease, it reached peak values of 67.2 HRC at the temperature of 1050 °C, while the wear resistance is the best.
Der Letzte macht das Licht AN – Sterben als Teil des
Lebens
Authors: Schütte-Nütgen Katharina , Becker Gerhild
Published: December 2022

Sowohl aufgrund der demografischen Entwicklung in Deutschland, als auch
angesichts des raschen Fortschritts der modernen Hochleistungsmedizin ist die
Forderung nach einem bedarfsdeckenden Ausbau der Palliativmedizin lauter
geworden. Trotz der bedeutsamen Weiterentwicklung dieses Fachgebiets wird die
Palliativmedizin nicht nur in der Öffentlichkeit, sondern auch in vielen
Bereichen der Medizin noch immer ausschließlich mit dem nahenden
Lebensende in Verbindung gebracht und es herrscht die Vorstellung, dass Sterben
und Tod in eigens dafür eingerichteten Bereichen wie der
Palliativstation stattfinden, außerhalb der Gesellschaft und getrennt
von den übrigen medizinischen Versorgungsstrukturen. In dieser
Falldarstellung berichten wir über eine 36-jährige Patientin,
die durch den palliativmedizinischen Dienst betreut wurde. Das Fallbeispiel
spiegelt die vielfältigen Aspekte der palliativmedizinischen Versorgung
wider und zeigt, dass das Sterben aus der Akutmedizin nicht ausgelagert werden
kann und darf. Die Integration und Weiterentwicklung der Palliativmedizin kann
helfen, ein verändertes Bewusstsein zu entwickeln und das Sterben
(wieder) als Teil der Akutmedizin – ja des Lebens –
anzuerkennen. Dies ist nicht nur für die Patienten, sondern auch
innerhalb der ärztlichen und pflegerischen Profession entscheidend.
Chronische muskuloskelettale Schmerzen im Kindes- und Jugendalter
Authors: Schramm Anja , Aigner Anna , Haas Johannes-Peter , Höfel Lea
Published: December 2022

Chronische anhaltende oder wiederkehrende Schmerzen am Bewegungsapparat über einen Zeitraum von mindestens 3 Monaten sind bei Kindern und Jugendlichen zunehmend zu beobachten. Der Schmerz kann dabei seine Funktion als Warnsignal verlieren und verselbstständigt sich aufgrund von Veränderungen im Schmerzverarbeitungssystem. Die chronische Schmerzstörung mit somatischen und psychischen Faktoren, die anhaltende somatoforme Schmerzstörung und das komplexe regionale Schmerzsyndrom (CRPS) äußern sich in starken Schmerzen, haben einen negativen Einfluss auf das psychische Befinden und beeinträchtigen die jugendgerechte Lebensführung. In Diagnostik, Edukation und Therapie müssen nun andere Schwerpunkte gelegt werden als bei akuten Schmerzen, welche üblicherweise aufgrund von Verletzungen, entzündlichen Vorgängen oder sonstigen somatischen Ursachen auftreten. Eine multiprofessionelle Zusammenarbeit ist sowohl im ambulanten als auch im stationären Setting wünschenswert und wird am Beispiel der stationären interdisziplinären multimodalen Schmerztherapie (IMST) vorgestellt.
Auf steinigem Weg
Authors: Heeser Alexandra
Published: December 2022

Wer viel fragt, kriegt viele Antworten. Das zeigen die Umfragen zur Pflegekammer. Hätte man die Ärzte abstimmen lassen, ob sie eine Ärztekammer wünschen, hätte es in Deutschland vermutlich auch einen ziemlichen Flickenteppich gegeben. Hier ein Überblick.
Lehrende müssen Lernende werden
Authors: Woideck Steffen , Benz Manuel
Published: December 2022

Mit dem Startschuss zur neuen Pflegeausbildung, kurz Generalistik, war Schulleitungen wie Lehrenden klar: Das wird eine Mammutaufgabe. Lesen Sie mehr über die ersten Erfahrungen der Caritas Fachschule für Pflegeberufe Sancta Maria in Bühl.
Therapieoptionen zur LDL-C-Senkung zusätzlich zu Statinen
Authors: Weingärtner Oliver , Marx Nikolaus , Klose Gerald , Laufs Ulrich
Published: December 2022

Die aktuellen Leitlinien für Dyslipidämie heben Statine als Eckpfeiler der pharmakologischen Lipidsenkungstherapie hervor. Ezetimib, PCSK9-Antikörper sowie Bempedosäure und Inclisiran sind neu verfügbare Optionen zur weiteren Senkung des LDL-C. Da die moderne Lipidsenkungstherapie durch einen individuellen „Treat-to-Target“-Ansatz gekennzeichnet ist, soll dieser Beitrag zu einem besseren Verständnis des Cholesterinstoffwechsels beitragen, um den rationalen Einsatz früher individualisierter Kombinationstherapien zu unterstützen.
Biology, Physics and Genetics of Intracranial Aneurysm Formation: A Review
Authors: Ćmiel-Smorzyk Karolina , Ładziński Piotr , Kaspera Wojciech
Published: December 2022

Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are persistent, localised dilatations of the arterial wall that are found in approximately 3% of the general population. The most severe complication of IAs is rupture, which results in devastating consequences such as subarachnoid haemorrhage and brain damage with serious neurological sequelae. Numerous studies have characterised the mechanisms underlying IA development and growth and identified a number of environmental modifiable (smoking, hypertension) and nonmodifiable risk factors (related to the histology of cerebral arteries and genetic factors) in its pathogenesis. Haemodynamic stress also likely plays a crucial role in the formation of IAs and is conditioned by the geometry and morphology of the vessel tree, but its role in the natural history of unruptured IAs remains poorly understood; it is believed that changes in blood flow might generate the haemodynamic forces that are responsible for damage to the vascular wall and vessel remodelling that lead to IA formation. This review summarises the most relevant data on the current theories on the formation of IAs, with particular emphasis on the roles of special conditions resulting from the microscopic anatomy of intracranial arteries, haemodynamic factors, bifurcation morphometry, inflammatory pathways, and the genetic factors involved in IA formation.
Cerebral Cavernous Malformations Patient Perception Analysis via Social Media
Authors: Gajjar Avi A. , Jain Aditya , Le Anthony Huy-Dinh , Salem Mohamed M. , Jankowitz Brian T. , Burkhardt Jan-Karl
Published: December 2022

Background The rise of social media has allowed for individuals and patients to connect with each other and influence patient behavior. This study aimed to improve our understanding of the patients' experience with cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) via social media.

Methods Instagram and Twitter were searched using terms of (“cavernoma,” “cavernous malformations,” “cavernous angioma,” or “cav mal”). Public Instagram posts tagged with “#cavernoma” and “@cavernoma” identified 327 posts that directly included a patient's own experience. Twitter posts that included “#cavernoma” and “@cavernoma” were searched, yielding 75 after eliminating those that did not pertain to the patient's own experience. The posts and tweets were coded for relevant themes related to their experience with the disease.

Results Overall, more patients are using Instagram (n  =  327) over Twitter (n  =  84) to share their personal experience with CCM with a trend for male patients to use Twitter more compared to females with a female predominance in Instagram. A total of 277 of 327 (84.7%) Instagram posts and 67 of 84 (89.3%) Twitter posts were made after the patient's surgery. The most common theme on Instagram was focused on the postoperative rehabilitation process and mobility support (52.0 and 24.5%, respectively). Other common themes present on Twitter and Instagram were recounting symptoms and complications and life satisfaction (26.0 and 24.2%, respectively). Cavernoma patients prior to surgery were more likely to discuss on Instagram their symptoms (p  =  0.001), fear of bleeding (p  <  0.001), and mental health (p  =  0.014). Postoperatively, cavernoma patients were more likely to discuss disability than they were preoperatively (p  =  0.001).

Conclusion Social media platforms offer a communication tool for patients with CCM patients to share their experience with other patients and the general public and portrays their personal experience with CCM. These platforms allow for physicians to better understand the patient experience following cavernoma surgery.
Modified Urethral Graciloplasty Cross-Innervated by the Pudendal Nerve for Postprostatectomy Urinary Incontinence: Cadaveric Simulation Surgery and a Clinical Case Report
Authors: Sakuma Hisashi , Yazawa Masaki , Hikosaka Makoto , Uchikawa-Tani Yumiko , Takayama Masayoshi , Kishi Kazuo
Published: December 2022

An artificial sphincter implanted in the bulbous urethra to treat severe postprostatectomy urinary incontinence is effective, but embedding-associated complications can occur. We assessed the feasibility, efficacy, and safety of urethral graciloplasty cross-innervated by the pudendal nerve. A simulation surgery on three male fresh cadavers was performed. Both ends of the gracilis muscle were isolated only on its vascular pedicle with proximal end of the obturator nerve severed and transferred to the perineum. We examined whether the gracilis muscle could be wrapped around the bulbous urethra and whether the obturator nerve was long enough to suture with the pudendal nerve. In addition, surgery was performed on a 71-year-old male patient with severe urinary incontinence. The postoperative 12-month outcomes were assessed using a 24-hour pad test and urodynamic study. In all cadaveric simulations, the gracilis muscles could be wrapped around the bulbous urethra in a γ-loop configuration. The length of the obturator nerve was sufficient for neurorrhaphy with the pudendal nerve. In the clinical case, the postoperative course was uneventful. The mean maximum urethral closure pressure and functional profile length increased from 40.7 to 70 cm H2O and from 40.1 to 45.3 mm, respectively. Although urinary incontinence was not completely cured, the patient was able to maintain urinary continence at night. Urethral graciloplasty cross-innervated by the pudendal nerve is effective in raising the urethral pressure and reducing urinary incontinence.
Dorsal Scapholunate Ligament Reconstruction by Using Palmaris Longus Tendon Graft in Chronic Static Scapholunate Dissociations: Does It Yield Favorable Radiographic and Functional Results?
Authors: Erdag Yigit , Pehlivanoglu Tuna
Published: December 2022

Background Scapholunate (SL) instability is the most common dissociative carpal instability, and the most frequent cause of wrist osteoarthritis (OA), termed as scapholunate advanced collapse (SLAC). The aim of this study was to present the mid-term clinical and radiographic results of dorsal SL ligament reconstruction by utilizing free palmaris longus tendon graft in patients with symptomatic, chronic, static SL dissociation; while assessing the safety and efficacy of this technique,

Materials and Methods In total, 42 patients with a mean age of 44.1 (range 26–53) and mean follow-up duration of 69.4 months (range 60–72) with a diagnosis of chronic, static, and reducible SL instabilities with no chondral damage were enrolled. They all underwent dorsal SL ligament reconstruction with the exam same technique.

Results At the last follow-up, patients' mean preoperative SL gap improved from 4.7 (range 4–6) to 2.1 (range 2–3), as did SLA from 84 degrees (range 67–101 degrees) to 66 degrees (range 49–72 degrees)(p <0.001 for both). Preoperative mean VAS (visual analog score), DASH (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand), Mayo wrist scores and SF-36 scores showed significant improvements in the last follow-up visit (p <0.001, for all). No major complications were acquired in either of the patients.

Conclusion Dorsal SL ligament reconstruction by using free PL tendon graft was detected to provide successful restoration of the normal carpal alignment together with SL joint stability. This procedure, by significantly reducing pain and improving grip strength was detected to yield significantly improved clinical and functional outcomes, together with high patient satisfaction indicated by improved health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores.

Level of Evidence IV.
Quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy of living bacteria by optical condensation with a bubble-mimetic solid–liquid interface
Authors: Hayashi Kota , Tamura Mamoru , Tokonami Shiho , Iida Takuya
Published: December 2022

Microbial interactions are closely related to human health, and secreted signal molecules from bacteria determine the gene expression of bacteria following bacterial cell density and signal molecule density. However, the conventional quantitative analysis of the number of bacteria requires several days using standard cultivation methods, and the detection of molecules secreted via microbial interactions is difficult since they are in extremely small amounts. In this study, we performed local fluorescence spectroscopy to quantitatively evaluate the density of the assembly of dispersoids (fluorescent microparticles and bacteria) under optical condensation at a solid–liquid interface on our developed bubble-mimetic substrate, which exhibits extremely low thermal damage after a few minutes of laser irradiation. The obtained results showed that the fluorescence intensity spectrum was positively correlated with the concentration of dispersoids even when only several tens of assembled microparticles were observed. Furthermore, a calibration curve was obtained by plotting the integrated fluorescence intensity by integrating the fluorescence intensity spectrum over the observed wavelength, and the concentration of living bacteria was quantitatively analyzed. The clarified mechanism of local fluorescence spectroscopy under optical condensation will pave the way for rapid and precise analysis of bacteria and their secreted biomolecules labeled with fluorescent dye.
Transport properties of aqueous solution of γ-aminobutyric acid
Authors: Khanal Shyam P. , Koirala Rajendra P. , Mishra Esha , Adhikari Narayan P.
Published: December 2022

Transportation of amino acids throughout the body is an essential mechanism to support life processes. Transportation phenomena such as diffusion, viscosity, etc., of amino acids in an aqueous medium are useful to understand their inter- and intra-molecular interactions. In this work, we performed classical molecular dynamics simulation to study the transportation properties of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in an aqueous environment. Self-diffusion coefficients of both GABA and water molecules as well as their binary diffusion coefficient were estimated at different temperatures. This work was further extended to estimate the effect of system size on diffusion coefficients and the viscosity coefficients of the solvent. In addition, the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficient was studied utilizing an Arrhenius plot. The outcomes were compared with previously reported values. Furthermore, the number of hydrogen bonds between the solute and the solvent as well as the solvent accessible surface area of the solute was studied.
Parameterization of cloud transmittance for expeditious assessment and forecasting of all-sky DNI
Authors: Yang Jaemo , Xie Yu , Sengupta Manajit , Liu Yangang , Long Hai
Published: December 2022

Radiative transfer models require vast computing resources to solve cloud transmittance and reflectance from the radiative transfer equation. As a result, models offering precise simulation in operations often acquire individual cloud transmittance or reflectance from a lookup table precomputed for practicable scenarios. To further expedite the computation of global horizontal irradiance and to reduce the storage requirements, the Fast All-sky Radiation Model for Solar applications (FARMS) parameterized the lookup table using elementary functions with specified coefficients. This study extends FARMS direct normal irradiance (DNI) computation by utilizing hyperbolic tangent functions and various polynomial functions to parameterize the cloud transmittance for scattered solar radiation in the circumsolar region. The parameterization is implemented in FARMS with DNI (FARMS-DNI) and accounts for the circumsolar radiation when assessing or forecasting DNI. The evaluation, with long-term observations at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's, Solar Radiation Research Laboratory, and the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement, Southern Great Plains, Central Facility, shows that the parameterized DNIs are virtually identical with those computed by coupling FARMS-DNI to a lookup table of cloud transmittance. This parameterization has diverse applications in radiative transfer models and numerical weather prediction models used to assess or forecast direct solar radiation.
Theoretical analysis of flow effects in spatially encoded diffusion NMR
Authors: Mishra Rituraj , Dumez Jean-Nicolas
Published: December 2022

The measurement of translational diffusion coefficients by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is essential in a broad range of fields, including organic, inorganic, polymer, and supramolecular chemistry. It is also a powerful method for mixture analysis. Spatially encoded diffusion NMR (SPEN DNMR)" is a time efficient technique to collect diffusion NMR data, which is particularly relevant for the analysis of samples that evolve in time. In many cases, motion other than diffusion is present in NMR samples. This is, for example, the case of flow NMR experiments, such as in online reaction monitoring and in the presence of sample convection. Such motion is deleterious for the accuracy of DNMR experiments in general and for SPEN DNMR in particular. Limited theoretical understanding of flow effects in SPEN DNMR experiments is an obstacle for their broader experimental implementation. Here, we present a detailed theoretical analysis of flow effects in SPEN DNMR and of their compensation, throughout the relevant pulse sequences. This analysis is validated by comparison with numerical simulation performed with the Fokker–Planck formalism. We then consider, through numerical simulation, the specific cases of constant, laminar, and convection flow and the accuracy of SPEN DNMR experiments in these contexts. This analysis will be useful for the design and implementation of fast diffusion NMR experiments and for their applications.
Optimization of space laser coupling with few-mode fiber in the presence of random angular jitter
Authors: Zhang Zhaoyuan
Published: December 2022

In a space laser communication system with a few-mode fiber as the receiving terminal, the influence of random angular jitter on the communication performance cannot be ignored. Therefore, it is necessary to research the coupling characteristics of the space laser–FMF system with random angular jitter. A space laser–FMF coupling model with random angular jitter is proposed based on the Laguerre–Gaussian mode. The coupling efficiency and bit error rate (BER) of the communication system are optimized by the relative aperture of the coupling lens. When the relative aperture is 0.15, the standard deviation of random jitter is 3, the signal-to-noise ratio is 5, the coupling efficiency after optimization is improved by 29%, and the BER is reduced by 46%. In this case, the maximum BER reduction after optimization is 55%. The research shows that in the presence of random angular jitter, adjusting the relative aperture can significantly optimize the coupling efficiency and the BER of the space laser–FMF coupling system. The ability of the relative aperture to optimize the coupling efficiency increases with random jitter standard deviation, which exhibits an upper limit for the optimization of the BER.
Educational models, participant experience and outcomes of a diploma course in practice management for Aboriginal Medical Services: a qualitative study
Authors: Magin Parker , Paulson Anthony , O’Brien Christopher , Patsan Irena , Fielding Alison , van Driel Mieke , Klein Linda
Published: December 2022

Background Practice managers and other administrative and management staff in Aboriginal Medical Services operate in a highly specialised cultural, social and administrative environment requiring a unique skill set. The TAFE NSW Diploma in Practice Management for Aboriginal Medical Services (DPMAMS) addresses the need for training in these skills. This study sought to explore DPMAMS graduates’ experiences of having undertaken the diploma course, and the effects on their subsequent work practice and career. Methods A qualitative study utilising individual, semi-structured interviews conducted via videoconference and employing a thematic analysis approach was performed. Results Ten DPMAMS alumni participated. At the time of DPMAMS completion, two participants were Aboriginal Medical Services practice managers, two were reception staff, five were in non-practice manager administrative or management roles and one was in a clinical role. Principal themes in the study findings were related to (1) the rich and singular learning environment with emphasis on peer-to-peer learning (which also facilitated ‘communities of practice’ extending the collaborative learning model to post-DMAMS peer learning and support); (2) knowledge and subsequent professional and personal confidence (leading to taking on increased workplace responsibility including post-DPMAMS mentoring roles); (3) translational effects on personal work and professional performance; (4) translational effects on work processes at the participants’ Aboriginal Medical Services; and (5) the permeating influence of Aboriginal culture and commitment to Aboriginal communities. Conclusions The DPMAMS is an education/training program of perceived high value and fitness for purpose. The findings of utility of education that is empowered by culture, values and peer support may be applicable in wider settings.
Characterising a unique recreational hunting method: hound hunting of sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Hampton Jordan O. , Bengsen Andrew J. , Comte Sebastien , Flesch Jason S. , Toop Simon D. , Davies Christopher , Forsyth David M.
Published: December 2022

Context Scent-trailing dogs (‘hounds’) are used to hunt introduced sambar deer (Cervus unicolor) in south-eastern Australia, but little is known about this recreational hunting technique. Aim The aim of this study was to characterise hound hunting of sambar deer in Victoria, Australia. Our study had three objectives as follows: (1) to report the hunting success of the technique; (2) to estimate pursuit times and distances; and (3) to investigate the landscape features associated with kill sites. Methods Data were collected from four hound-hunting crews during 2020–2021. GPS data from collars fitted to hounds were used to quantify hunt duration (min) and hunt distance (m). Logistic regression was used to estimate the effects of deer sex and hound pack size on the probability of hunting success. We used a Bayesian multinomial regression resource selection function (RSF) to identify the characteristics of sites where deer were killed (elevation, aspect, and distances to water and roads). Key results The four hunting teams ranged in size from 2 to 10 people and from one to eight hounds. Of 136 hunts, most (88%) harvested a deer, with pursued deer escaping on the other 12% of occasions. Pursuit times and distances were highly variable, with pursuit time >60 min for 46% of hunts and pursuit distance >5 km for 30% of hunts. The probability of killing a pursued male and female deer were similar, and there was not a positive relationship between pack size and hunt success. The RSF showed that both male and female deer were more likely to be killed on steeper slopes and closer to roads. Conclusions Successful hound hunting of sambar deer involves pursuits of considerable duration and requires a network of roads, with geographical features associated with deer kills sites being related to hunter access. Implications Hound hunting may be a useful wildlife management tool for land managers, but further studies are needed to assess its efficacy for achieving management goals.
A quantitative framework for analyzing distinctive features of typography
Authors: Johannessen Christian Mosbæk , Qwist Mads Nedergård , Buch Anders Glent
Published: December 2022

The ability to quantify and compare typography has potential in many disciplines such as marketing, branding, education, and literacy studies. However, formal features of typography have been difficult to operationalize for quantitative analysis. The article proposes a quantitative, distinctive feature-based framework for describing and comparing fonts. The analyses made using the framework yield a clear and quantifiable separation of well-established typographical categories. It is also sensitive enough to pick up even small variations between fonts. The framework can aid in developing a more generally accepted typographical meta-language that allows for comparison and cross-fertilization of typographical knowledge across disciplines.