bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generalized fuzzy n-ary subhypergroups of a commutative n-ary hypergroup
Authors: Yin Yunqiang , Zhan Jianming , Huang Xiaokun
Published: February 2012

In this paper, by means of a new idea, the concept of (invertible) (∈,∈∨q)-fuzzy n-ary subhypergroups of a commutative n-ary hypergroup is introduced and some related properties are investigated. A kind of n-ary quotient hypergroup by an (∈, ∈∨q)-fuzzy n-ary subhypergroup is provided and the relationships among (∈, ∈∨q)-fuzzy n-ary subhypergroups, n-ary quotient hypergroups and homomorphism are investigated. Several isomorphism theories of n-ary hypergroups are established.
A-summation process and Korovkin-type approximation theorem for double sequences of positive linear operators
Authors: Karakuş Sevda , Demi̇rci̇ Kami̇l
Published: February 2012

The aim of this paper is to present a Korovkin-type approximation theorem on the space of all continuous real valued functions on any compact subset of the real two-dimensional space by using a A-summation process. We also study the rates of convergence of positive linear operators with the help of the modulus of continuity.
Multiplication operators on Lorentz-Karamata-Bochner spaces
Authors: Eryilmaz Ilker
Published: February 2012

In this small note, we will characterize the boundedness, compactness and closedness of the range of the multiplication operators on Lorentz-Karamata-Bochner spaces L
p,q;b(Ω,X) for p, q ∈ (0,∞].
Crossing Behaviors of Pedestrians at Signalized Intersections: Observational Study and Survey in China
Authors: Ren Gang , Zhou Zhuping , Wang Wei , Zhang Yong , Wang Weijie
Published: February 2012

In China pedestrian crashes make up a large proportion of road casualties and are more likely to occur at signalized intersections. This study examines the behavioral characteristics of pedestrians at such sites and the factors affecting pedestrian behavior. Data on pedestrian behavior were obtained from video images of pedestrian movements recorded at 26 signalized intersections in three Chinese cities, and 598 pedestrians who were using crosswalks were surveyed for their perceptions about the crossing environment. The behavior data indicated that most pedestrians walked normally when they crossed roads; the rate of compliance with traffic rules for all pedestrians was 62.8%. The differences in crossing behavior by gender, age, and the type of pedestrian group were then identified. The results showed that women and middle-aged individuals were more likely to violate traffic rules. In comparison with a single pedestrian and pedestrians in a pair, pedestrians in a group tended not to look at traffic signals. Analysis of the rates of compliance with traffic rules at crosswalks also indicated that crossing distance, signal timing, the presence of traffic police, and pedestrian volume had different effects. Moreover, the major reasons for crossing on red and opinions on waiting time were obtained by analysis of the survey data. For example, the largest proportion (30.25%) of surveyed individuals indicated that they violated traffic rules to save time and for convenience. Findings from this study can help researchers and practitioners understand pedestrian behavior at crosswalks at signalized intersections and thus create a better street-crossing environment for all pedestrians.
Unconformable stratigraphy in East Antarctica: Part II. Englacial cosets and recrystallized layers
Authors: Arcone Steven A. , Jacobel Robert , Hamilton Gordon
Published: February 2012

Complex unconformable englacial stratigraphy, including a segment of distinctive cosets of bed sequences, occurs throughout the thickness of a 3.2 MHz ice-sheet radar profile we acquired across the upper Byrd Glacier (East Antarctica) catchment. Some cosets span >10 km, are >100 m thick and are delineated by distinct horizons. At 40-90 m depth in firn, comparisons between 200 MHz and specially processed 3.2 MHz profiles reveal that the delineating horizons result from density-modified layers produced by decades to millennia of subaerial exposure, as detailed in our related paper (Part I). These comparisons, together with reflected waveforms at depth, also reveal that the modified layers retain their chemical stratification, and therefore the original unconformable surface. Two profile segments show high-amplitude transverse folds spanning much of the ice-sheet thickness. The parallel nature of most of them suggests basal sliding beneath long-term up-ice-flow accumulation zones, which we identify in satellite images as the likely sources for the cosets. The unconformable stratigraphy at depths greater than 2000 m shows that antidunal deposition and intense firn recrystallization zones have persisted for tens of thousands of years in this region of East Antarctica.
Towards a method for high vertical resolution measurements of the partial pressure of CO2 within bulk sea ice
Authors: Geilfus N.-X. , Delille B. , Verbeke V. , Tison J.-L.
Published: February 2012

Fluxes of atmospheric CO2 have been reported over sea ice during winter and spring. These fluxes are partly driven by the gradient of the CO2 concentration between sea ice and the atmosphere. We present a new non-destructive method to measure the pCO2 of bulk sea ice at its in situ temperature. This method is based on an equilibration procedure between sea ice and a standard gas of known CO2 concentration. The concentration is measured by gas chromatography with a precision of 5%. Tests were performed on artificial standard sea ice and confirmed the reproducibility of the technique in the range of precision of the gas chromatograph. To test the accuracy of this method, the first profiles of pCO2 measured in bulk sea ice are reported and compared with direct in situ measurements of brine pCO2 over depth-integrated intervals.
From balance to imbalance: a shift in the dynamic behaviour of Chhota Shigri glacier, western Himalaya, India
Authors: Azam Mohd Farooq , Wagnon Patrick , Ramanathan Alagappan , Vincent Christian , Sharma Parmanand , Arnaud Yves , Linda Anurag , Pottakkal Jose George , Chevallier Pierre , Singh Virendra Bahadur , Berthier Etienne
Published: February 2012

Mass-balance and dynamic behaviour of Chhota Shigri glacier, western Himalaya, India, has been investigated between 2002 and 2010 and compared to data collected in 1987-89. During the period 2002-10, the glacier experienced a negative glacier-wide mass balance of -0.67 ± 0.40 m w.e. a-1. Between 2003 and 2010, elevation and ice-flow velocities slowly decreased in the ablation area, leading to a 24-37% reduction in ice fluxes, an expected response of the glacier dynamics to its recent negative mass balances. The reduced ice fluxes are still far larger than the balance fluxes calculated from the 2002-10 average surface mass balances. Therefore, further slowdown, thinning and terminus retreat of Chhota Shigri glacier are expected over the next few years. Conversely, the 2003/04 ice fluxes are in good agreement with ice fluxes calculated assuming that the glacier-wide mass balance is zero. Given the limited velocity change between 1987−89 and 2003/04 and the small terminus change between 1988 and 2010, we suggest that the glacier has experienced a period of near-zero or slightly positive mass balance in the 1990s, before shifting to a strong imbalance in the 21st century. This result challenges the generally accepted idea that glaciers in the Western Himalaya have been shrinking rapidly for the last few decades.
The tertiary creep of polycrystalline ice: experimental evidence for stress-dependent levels of strain-rate enhancement
Authors: Treverrow Adam , Budd William F. , Jacka Tim H. , Warner Roland C.
Published: February 2012

Laboratory creep deformation experiments have been conducted on initially isotropic laboratory-made samples of polycrystalline ice. Steady-state tertiary creep rates, , were determined at strains exceeding 10% in either uniaxial-compression or simple-shear experiments. Isotropic minimum strain rates, , determined at ˜1 % strain, provide a reference for comparing the relative magnitude of tertiary creep rates in shear and compression through the use of strain-rate enhancement factors, E, defined as the ratio of corresponding tertiary and isotropic minimum creep rates, i.e. . The magnitude of strain-rate enhancement in simple shear was found to exceed that in uniaxial compression by a constant factor of 2.3. Results of experiments conducted at octahedral shear stresses of to = 0.040.80 MPa indicate a creep power-law stress exponent of n = 3 for isotropic minimum creep rates and n = 3.5 for tertiary creep rates. The difference in stress exponents for minimum and tertiary creep regimes can be interpreted as a t0 stress-dependent level of strain-rate enhancement, i.e. .The implications of these results for deformation in complex multicomponent stress configurations and at stresses below those used in the current experiments are discussed.
Ceramic Industry of Bangladesh: A Perspective from Porter's Five Forces Model
Authors: Jahan Nusrat
Published: February 2012

Michael Porter’s Five Forces Model is one of the famous tools for analyzing an industry’s environment. According to this model, a company can achieve its existence and success in an industry only if it can overcome and sustain the competitive forces of the market within which it operates. Ceramic industry of Bangladesh is a booming sector and the growth potential of both domestic and local market indicates it may become one of the big foreign exchange earners for the country. Therefore, analyzing the industry environment of ceramic sector is of great concern to strategist since defending against the competitive forces of the marketplace and shaping them in a company’s favor are crucial to strategy formation. To address this issue, this paper analyzes the industry environment (competitive environment) of ceramic sector of Bangladesh by using Porter’s Five forces model. The analysis of five forces indicates that the collective impact of the competitive forces is moderate to weak; hence, the ceramic industry of Bangladesh is considered to be competitively attractive in the sense that industry members can reasonably expect to earn decent profits and a nice return on investment. Keywords: Ceramic Industry; Five forces model; Competitiveness; Attractiveness. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v5i2.9983 Journal of Technology (Dhaka) Vol. 5(2), July-December, 2010 104-121
Enhancement of Retail Banking Operation of Commercial Banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Yeshmin Farjana , Nasrin Mahmuda
Published: February 2012

People are always concerned about the improvement of their standard of living. In respect of this awareness, financial institutions of Bangladesh specially banking sectors are trying to expand their service net. And in this regard banking sector is playing a tremendous role through Retail Banking (RB). Toward the community development, RB has further enlarged its’ position as a major channel of business. RB has taken the foremost funding responsibility as well as commitment to give fast forwarding service to the community through increasing branche, alternative delivery channels, premier banking services. In this study the authors have selected 28 listed banks which covered 59.57% of listed financial institutions in stock exchange. The study has revealed that during the period of 2006-2008 the sample banks have offered different types of retail products (deposits increased by 88.18%, loan products increased by 48.50%, and cards service by 21.15%) by increasing number of branches by 19.28%.The authors have segmented the article into four parts Firstly an overview of RB, secondly, review of previous studies done in this area, thirdly a comparative analysis of data and its findings and finally conclusive remarks and policy implications.Keywords: Retail banking, Deposit Scheme, Loan, Card service, Delivery channels.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v5i2.9988Journal of Technology (Dhaka) Vol. 5(2), July-December, 2010 166-179
Developing English Reading Skills of the Students of Business Administration at Private Universities in Bangladesh: Prospects and Problems
Authors: Mirza Md Golam Hoshain
Published: February 2012

This paper examines the efforts of the English language teachers who are working to develop English reading skills among the students studying in the Business Administration departments at ten of the English-medium private universities in Bangladesh. Adopting both the quantitative and the qualitative approaches, it analyses the data collected through student interview-schedule. The study identifies that, in spite of having good classroom facilities and necessary supplementary materials, the reading classes are not as effective as they could be. It is mainly because unsuitable materials are inappropriately used in a class of students with significantly different levels of proficiency. The paper finally suggests some measures that can be taken to make the reading class more effective. Among others, it recommends that the English teacher should involve first the university administration in forming the language class with students of similar proficiency level and then the BBA teachers in developing appropriate materials for it.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v5i2.9989  Journal of Technology (Dhaka) Vol. 5(2), July-December, 2010 180-190
Risk Management Practices: A Critical Diagnosis of Some Selected Commercial Banks in Bangladesh
Authors: Alam Md Zahangir , Musukujjaman Md
Published: February 2012

The paper is about risk management practices of commercial banks in Bangladesh based on five commercial banks operating in Bangladesh. The number of respondents was 25, five from each bank. While collecting the requisite data, five points Likert Scale has been used. The objective of the study was to critically examine risk management practices of Bangladeshi banks i.e., types of risk facing a bank, procedure and techniques used to minimize the risk etc. The study also examines how far the banks follow the guidelines of Bangladesh Bank regarding risk management. The study reveals that credit risk, market risk and operational risk are the major risks to the bankers which are managed through three layers of management system. The Board of Directors performs the responsibility of the main risk oversight, the Executive Committee monitors risk and the Audit Committee oversees all the activities of banking operations. In the context of opinions regarding use of risk management techniques, it is found that internal rating system and risk adjusted rate of return on capital are relatively more important techniques used by banks. Key Words: Risk; Risk Management; Risk Management Techniques; Banking.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v6i1.9992  Journal of Technology (Dhaka) Vol. 6(1), January-June, 2011 15-35
Effects of Working Capital Management and Liquidity: Evidence from the Cement Industry of Bangladesh
Authors: Quayyum Sayeda Tahmina
Published: February 2012

This paper is an attempt to investigate the effects of working capital management efficiency as well as maintaining liquidity on the profitability of corporations. For this purpose, corporations enlisted with the cement industry of Dhaka Stock Exchange have been selected and the analysis covers a time period from year 2005 to 2009. The purpose of this paper is to establish a relationship which is statistically significant, the other purpose is to help explain the necessity of firms optimizing their level of working capital management and maintaining enough liquidity as it affects the profitability. The result of this study clearly shows significant level of relationship between the profitability indices and various liquidity indices as well as working capital components.KEY WORDS: Working capital management; Liquidity; Cement Industry; Cash Conversion Cycle; Inventory Turnover; Receivables Turnover; Payable Turnover.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v6i1.9993  Journal of Technology (Dhaka) Vol. 6(1), January-June, 2011 37-47
Customers Attitude towards Wireless Internet Services in Bangladesh: An Empirical Study Comparing WIMAX Based and EDGE/EVDO Based Internet Service
Authors: Islam SM Monirul , Ahamed Bulbul
Published: February 2012

This study is an attempt to measure the attitude of customers towards the wireless Internet services in Bangladesh based on the Mertin Fishbein’s multi attribute attitude model. Some salient attributes (i.e., speed, bandwidth fluctuation rate) of WIMAX based and EDGE/EVDO based Internet services that affect the attitude of the customers have been selected which customers emphasizes to take purchase-decision as well as usage continuation decision. Two types of wireless Internet service providers (WIMAX and EDGE/EVDO) and ten salient attributes have been considered for this study. It has been found from the study that customers form more positive attitude towards WIMAX based Internet service than EDGE/EVDO based service. Observed differences in mean attitude of different attributes for the two categories of wireless Internet services are measured through Z-test to test the significance of those differences. Findings of this study may be used as an index by the Internet service providers for improvement of their services to satisfy the customers.Key words: Wireless Internet; Customer Attitude; WIMAX; EDGE; EVDODOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v6i1.9994  Journal of Technology (Dhaka) Vol. 6(1), January-June, 2011 49-60
Business Analysis of Pharmaceutical Firms in Bangladesh: Problems and Prospects
Authors: Habib Md Anamul , Alam Md Zahedul
Published: February 2012

The aim of the study is to present the current scenario of the pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh. Since inception, there was little consensus on the development of pharmaceutical policies best suited in a developing country such as Bangladesh. Here, the pharmaceutical industry developed rapidly from the 1980s after the introduction of Drug (Control) Ordinance-1982. Adequate infrastructure and use of trained manpower were two essential requisites for implementation of national pharmaceutical policies in Bangladesh. The country was importing significant amount of medicine and also raw materials for the industry from abroad. But the industry has started to export its products in foreign market, especially in the Middle East and Europe with great success. This study tries to identify the major problems of marketing, exporting, production and operations, quality control in the pharmaceutical sector and proposes strategies to overcome these problems, it also identifies the prospects of pharmaceutical industry in Bangladesh.Keywords: Drug; Problem; Education; Health; Policy; Pharmaceutical; Deficit; Facilities; Executives.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbt.v6i1.9995  Journal of Technology (Dhaka) Vol. 6(1), January-June, 2011 61-77
Sequence Analysis and Potentials of the Native RbcS Promoter in the Development of an Alternative Eukaryotic Expression System Using Green Microalga Ankistrodesmus convolutus
Authors: Thanh Tran , Chi Vu Thi Quynh , Omar Hishamuddin , Abdullah Mohd Puad , Napis Suhaimi
Published: February 2012

The availability of highly active homologous promoters is critical in the development of a transformation system and improvement of the transformation efficiency. To facilitate transformation of green microalga Ankistrodesmus convolutus which is considered as a potential candidate for many biotechnological applications, a highly-expressed native promoter sequence of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (AcRbcS) has been used to drive the expression of β-glucuronidase (gusA) gene in this microalga. Besides the determination of the transcription start site by 5¢-RACE, sequence analysis revealed that AcRbcS promoter contained consensus TATA-box and several putative cis-acting elements, including some representative light-regulatory elements (e.g., G-box, Sp1 motif and SORLIP2), which confer light responsiveness in plants, and several potential conserved motifs (e.g., CAGAC-motif, YCCYTGG-motifs and CACCACA-motif), which may be involved in light responsiveness of RbcS gene in green microalgae. Using AcRbcS promoter::gusA translational fusion, it was demonstrated that this promoter could function as a light-regulated promoter in transgenic A. convolutus, which suggested that the isolated AcRbcS promoter was a full and active promoter sequence that contained all cis-elements required for developmental and light-mediated control of gene expression, and this promoter can be used to drive the expression of heterologous genes in A. convolutus. This achievement therefore advances the development of A. convolutus as an alternative expression system for the production of recombinant proteins. This is the first report on development of gene manipulation system for unicellular green alga A. convolutus.
Flavonoid Biosynthesis Genes Putatively Identified in the Aromatic Plant Polygonum minus via Expressed Sequences Tag (EST) Analysis
Authors: Roslan Nur Diyana , Yusop Jastina Mat , Baharum Syarul Nataqain , Othman Roohaida , Mohamed-Hussein Zeti-Azura , Ismail Ismanizan , Noor Normah Mohd , Zainal Zamri
Published: February 2012

P. minus is an aromatic plant, the leaf of which is widely used as a food additive and in the perfume industry. The leaf also accumulates secondary metabolites that act as active ingredients such as flavonoid. Due to limited genomic and transcriptomic data, the biosynthetic pathway of flavonoids is currently unclear. Identification of candidate genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway will significantly contribute to understanding the biosynthesis of active compounds. We have constructed a standard cDNA library from P. minus leaves, and two normalized full-length enriched cDNA libraries were constructed from stem and root organs in order to create a gene resource for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, especially flavonoid biosynthesis. Thus, large‑scale sequencing of P. minus cDNA libraries identified 4196 expressed sequences tags (ESTs) which were deposited in dbEST in the National Center of Biotechnology Information (NCBI). From the three constructed cDNA libraries, 11 ESTs encoding seven genes were mapped to the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway. Finally, three flavonoid biosynthetic pathway-related ESTs chalcone synthase, CHS (JG745304), flavonol synthase, FLS (JG705819) and leucoanthocyanidin dioxygenase, LDOX (JG745247) were selected for further examination by quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR) in different P. minus organs. Expression was detected in leaf, stem and root. Gene expression studies have been initiated in order to better understand the underlying physiological processes.
Lycopene/Arabinoxylan Gels: Rheological and Controlled Release Characteristics
Authors: Hernández-Espinoza Ana B. , Piñón-Muñiz Marina I. , Rascón-Chu Agustín , Santana-Rodríguez Víctor M. , Carvajal-Millan Elizabeth
Published: February 2012

Arabinoxylan gels exhibiting different rheological and lycopene transport properties were obtained by modifying the polysaccharide concentration from 3 to 4% (w/v). The apparent lycopene diffusion coefficient decreased from 2.7 × 10−7 to 2.4 × 10−7 cm2/s as the arabinoxylan concentration in the gel changed from 3 to 4% (w/v). A low amount of lycopene is released by diffusion from arabinoxylan gels. These results indicate that arabinoxylan gels could be carriers for lycopene delivery in specific sites after network degradation. The possibility to modulate lycopene release from arabinoxylan gels makes these biomaterials potential candidates for the controlled delivery of biomolecules.
Optimal Exploitation of the Sentinel-2 Spectral Capabilities for Crop Leaf Area Index Mapping
Authors: Richter Katja , Hank Tobias B. , Vuolo Francesco , Mauser Wolfram , D’Urso Guido
Published: February 2012

The continuously increasing demand of accurate quantitative high quality information on land surface properties will be faced by a new generation of environmental Earth observation (EO) missions. One current example, associated with a high potential to contribute to those demands, is the multi-spectral ESA Sentinel-2 (S2) system. The present study focuses on the evaluation of spectral information content needed for crop leaf area index (LAI) mapping in view of the future sensors. Data from a field campaign were used to determine the optimal spectral sampling from available S2 bands applying inversion of a radiative transfer model (PROSAIL) with look-up table (LUT) and artificial neural network (ANN) approaches. Overall LAI estimation performance of the proposed LUT approach (LUTN50) was comparable in terms of retrieval performances with a tested and approved ANN method. Employing seven- and eight-band combinations, the LUTN50 approach obtained LAI RMSE of 0.53 and normalized LAI RMSE of 0.12, which was comparable to the results of the ANN. However, the LUTN50 method showed a higher robustness and insensitivity to different band settings. Most frequently selected wavebands were located in near infrared and red edge spectral regions. In conclusion, our results emphasize the potential benefits of the Sentinel-2 mission for agricultural applications.
Derivation of Relationships between Spectral Vegetation Indices from Multiple Sensors Based on Vegetation Isolines
Authors: Yoshioka Hiroki , Miura Tomoaki , Obata Kenta
Published: February 2012

An analytical form of relationship between spectral vegetation indices (VI) is derived in the context of cross calibration and translation of vegetation index products from different sensors. The derivation has been carried out based on vegetation isoline equations that relate two reflectance values observed at different wavelength ranges often represented by spectral band passes. The derivation was first introduced and explained conceptually by assuming a general functional form for VI model equation. This process is universal by which two VIs of different sensors and/or different model equations can be related conceptually. The general process was then applied to the actual case of normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) from two sensors in a framework of inter-sensor continuity. The derivation results indicate that the NDVI from one sensor can be approximated by a rational function of NDVI from the other sensor as a parameter. Similar result was obtained for the case of soil adjusted VI, enhanced VI, and two-band variance of enhanced VI.
Using SRAM Based FPGAs for Power-Aware High Performance Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Valverde Juan , Otero Andres , Lopez Miguel , Portilla Jorge , De la Torre Eduardo , Riesgo Teresa
Published: February 2012

While for years traditional wireless sensor nodes have been based on ultra-low power microcontrollers with sufficient but limited computing power, the complexity and number of tasks of today’s applications are constantly increasing. Increasing the node duty cycle is not feasible in all cases, so in many cases more computing power is required. This extra computing power may be achieved by either more powerful microcontrollers, though more power consumption or, in general, any solution capable of accelerating task execution. At this point, the use of hardware based, and in particular FPGA solutions, might appear as a candidate technology, since though power use is higher compared with lower power devices, execution time is reduced, so energy could be reduced overall. In order to demonstrate this, an innovative WSN node architecture is proposed. This architecture is based on a high performance high capacity state-of-the-art FPGA, which combines the advantages of the intrinsic acceleration provided by the parallelism of hardware devices, the use of partial reconfiguration capabilities, as well as a careful power-aware management system, to show that energy savings for certain higher-end applications can be achieved. Finally, comprehensive tests have been done to validate the platform in terms of performance and power consumption, to proof that better energy efficiency compared to processor based solutions can be achieved, for instance, when encryption is imposed by the application requirements.
La baie d'Utique et son évolution depuis l'Antiquité : une réévaluation géoarchéologique
Authors: Chelbi Fethi , Paskoff Roland , Trousset Pol
Published: February 2012

The Medjerda deltaic plain corresponds to a former marine gulf which has been progressively filled up during the Holocene up to the historic period as a result of numerous shifts of the river course. The area is relatively well known from archaeological viewpoint since ancient writings, relating events which took place here in Antiquity, are available. Many scientists - historians, archaeologists, geologists, geomorphologists, hydrologists - have been for a long time interested in unravelling différents stages in the development of the deltaic plain.

As soon as 1884, Ch. Tissot suggested that the deltaic plain developed from south to north in historical times. Such proposal is still considered as valid. The crucial point is to determine when the Medjerda river shifted northward, opening a new channel between the former Utica peninsula and the Galaat el Andless promontory (Castra Corneliana). As a result, the harbour of Utica filled up and the city declined.

During a recent archaeological and geomorphological survey covering the entire deltaic plain, ceramics were collected from fifty sites and dated. They point to an early filling up of the former gulf, especially of the area south-east of Utica. Therefore investigations aimed to find out remnants of the ancient harbour facilities have to be carried out on the northern side of the peninsula. Pre-roman settements existed on the clay dunes scattered in the surroundings of Pont-de-Bizerte. Such an early human occupation suggess that the central part of the deltaic plain dad been already filled up prior to the foundation of Utica when the so-called Chaouat channel, whose traces are still visible north of Jebel Maiana, was operating.
Stucs puniques hellénistiques d'Utique
Authors: Ferchiou Naidé
Published: February 2012

Au cours de cette étude, sont présentés et décrits quelques fragments d'ornements en stuc, appartenant à un décor architectural d'époque hellénistique, et autrefois découverts à Utique (Tunisie). À partir de ces fragments, l'auteur tente une reconstitution des éléments auxquels ils appartenaient (chapiteaux, frises, corniches, décor pariétal). En une troisième étape, sont présentées des hypothèses sur la structure des façades desquelles ils proviennent.
Les fouilles du tophet de Salammbô à Carthage (première partie)
Authors: Benichou-Safar Hélène
Published: February 2012

La mise au jour du tophet de Salammbô à Carthage a préludé à toute une série de fouilles pratiquées dans l'enceinte du sanctuaire et qui ne sont connues que par des comptes rendus préliminaires. Les circonstances qui ont entouré ces fouilles, leur localisation précise, leur extension, leur produit sont méthodiquement examinés ou recensés ici. Pour chacune d'elles, sont présentées les données bibliographiques et topographiques permettant de reconstituer, dans la mesure du possible, l'état des lieux au moment de la découverte. De nombreux inédits - plans, photographies d'époque, dessins originaux de monuments - illustrent le texte.
Le monument circulaire du plateau de l'Odéon à Carthage : précisions sur la conception et la géométrie d'un parti original
Authors: Hallier Gilbert
Published: February 2012

The ground-plan of the « circular monument » at Carthage, explained as a memoria, seems to be arranged from a drawing of « rotating squares », established since Adrian, still used in the paleochristian buildings with centred draft, and handed down by carolingian Renaissance to the masters masons in mediaeval lodges. The sketch is well connected to the Santa Costanza mausoleum's one, the architect of what could have worked out a drawing for the Carthaginian responsibles, by the likely mediation of the elder daughter of the emperor Constantin, during her mystical and parenthetical widowhood, between 337 and 35 1 . Lack of skilled professionals on the site, the plan for carrying out was drawn up and builder's yard managed by a dilettante working master, unacquainted with elementary rules of vaulting's statics ; the building was no sooner erected than doomed to an ineluctable collapse.
Abaritanus
Authors: Vattioni Francesco
Published: February 2012

Abaritanus must not be put in relation with the name of the Aures (Άύράσιον in Procopius). To expUin it by the berber tongue is not necessary. A better explanation is the Semitic root cbr, « to go beyond ». The concept of« beyond » is not without instances in geographic terms of ancient North Africa : cf. Babaris Transtagnensibus (CIL, VIII, 9324), Transcellensis mons (Ammianus Marcellinus, XXIX, 5, 20). The Abantaría, provincia is "the province which is beyond" (a river, a mountain, or some limit).
El relieve tetrarquico de Rapidum (Sour-Djouab, Argelia). [Politica y religion en el Africa romana]
Authors: Salcedo Garces Fabiola
Published: February 2012

This relief from the ancient Rapidum can be interpreted as a political-religious allegory of the African provinces : Africa and Mauritania. Both personifications are flanked by symbols of prosperity and commerce. Everything is under the double protection of an aquatic divinity and the Genius of the Tetrarchy assimilated, in this case, into the protector genius of African earth : the ancestral Genius Terrae Africae. The relief is a panegyric of the prosperity that tetrarchie government brought to the Diócesis after the defence of Maximiane Hercúleo against the revolts of the Mauri (the quinquegentani). And furthermore, the plastic expression and the iconogra- phical simbolism of each figure of the relief constitute an interesting illustration of the acculturation phenomena between preroman and Roman cultural patterns in North Africa.
Le règlement de Lamasba : des tables de conversion appliquées à l'irrigation
Authors: Meuret Christophe
Published: February 2012

The so-called « Lamasba Table » is an irrigation regulation written under the reign of Elagabalus. This document formalizes the water-supply scales, whose use emphasizes the poor efficiency of Roman numeration system. Comparing such scales with Ptolemy's computing system provides evidence for a duodecimal conversion system.

Furthermore, the Lamasba scales reveal a subtil irrigation system aimed for an accurate measuring of water-supply times and volumes. There is aho evidence for the use of the Punic cubit as basic unit for the calculation. Finally, this document should reveal the translation from a metrological system to another one, and show how the Roman metrological and computing system, as applied to cadastration, was adapted to fit with the old heal system of Africa vetus.
Réussites et déboires d'une œuvre archéologique unique : le colonel Carbuccia au nord de l'Aurès (1848-1850)
Authors: Dondin-Payre Monique
Published: February 2012

Colonel Jean-Luc Carbuccia is well known thanks to the excavations he carried out in Aesculapius' sanctuary in Lambaesis in the middL· of the XlXth century while he was commandant in chief of the 2nd regiment of the Foreign Legion. Although this scientific work is in line with the long and established attitude of many military who took an active interest in the traces lefi by the Romans whom they considered as their forerunners, it is at the same time unparalleled as it stands out as an accomplished performance of considerable scope. This work mainly consists of the drawing up of a map showing all the remains of Batna's Subdivision and of a report detailing these remains with plates enclosed. This hithertho unpublished work provides in many cases the only record on ruins which disappeared early and shows that the high Roman popuUtion density in the Aures, long denied before being reasserted today, had been observed in the first decades of the conquest.
Des marins de fortune aux Fortunées il y a trois mille ans ? [Quelques considérations sur le bassin de Tarfaya (Sahara nord-atlantique) à l'aube du premier millénaire av. J.-C. et le problème de la colonisation de l'archipel canarien ]
Authors: Onrubia Pintado Jorge
Published: February 2012

De nouvelles datations absolues semblent attester l'existence d'une présence humaine aux Canaries autour du début du Fr millénaire av.J.-C. L'origine de ce peuplement peut être mis en rapport avec une détérioration environnementale contemporaine qui aurait poussé les dernières populations néolithiques du bassin de Tarfaya à franchir le canal des Canaries. Cette traversée paraît possible tant au niveau des conditionnements physiques de la navigation que sur le plan des techniques nautiques.
Découverte d'une ciste lithique entre le Loukkos et le Sebou (piémont rifain), Maroc
Authors: Boudouhou Nouzha
Published: February 2012

In 1995, on the piedmont of Rif not far from Ouerrha, was discovered a lithic cist. This one had the characteristics that pertain to the funeral cists in the surroundings of Tanger. It is the most meridional megalithic tomb discovered up to now in Morocco.
Le style de Gastel [Etude des céramiques d'une nécropole protohistorique d'Algérie]
Authors: Camps Gabriel
Published: February 2012

The analysis of protohistoric ceramics from Gastel allows the author to determine a specific period of fréquentation under punie influences, during the second half of IIIrd and the beginning of the IInd c. B.C. Meanwhile the origins of the style must go up to the middle Vlth c. B.C., amongst libyan populations.
La Libyenne dans la mythologie antique : à propos du mythe des Amazones
Authors: Siraj Ahmed
Published: February 2012

La Libyenne n 'est connue qu 'à travers quelques récits des auteurs anciens dont les plus fameux sont ceux d'Hérodote et de Diodore de Sicile. Si les données de ce dernier auteur restent largement tributaires de la mythologie, l'écho de quelques thèmes soulevés dans le livre III se retrouve dans les écrits arabes du Moyen-Age. On peut suivre les traces éparpillées de l'épopée amazonienne depuis le Ve siècle av. J.-C. jusqu'au XVe ap.J.-C. Il s'agit sans doute d'une image élaborée qui a survécu à travers les âges, mais qui pose, toutefois, le problème de la nature de la société féminine libyenne de la plus haute antiquité.
RˀŠ MLQRT, « les élus de Melqart » ?
Authors: Amadasi Guzzo Maria Giulia
Published: February 2012

Les émissions monétaires puniques de Sicile portant la légende R(')Š MLQRT sont examinées afin d'en retrouver le lieu de fabrication. R(')Š MLQRT est vraisemblablement un toponyme et pourrait correspondre à Sélinonte.
Les centuriations de Tunisie et l'orientation solaire
Authors: Trousset Pol
Published: February 2012

This paper is an attempt to reevaluate, along the lines of latin agrimensores' theories (Hygin, Lachmann, 1 70), the different procedures applied to roman limitations in Africa as to the orientation of the groma. The idea that roman land-surveyors used to choose the direction indicated by the sunrise is indeed attested by the texts but there were also several other pragmatical possibilities .· the centuriation of Byzacium gives example of an orientation depending on the direction of the coastline or of a coastal road; surveying of Vibius Marsus carried out from Ammaedara shows a decumanus inverted to the South-East. . . However, the rural limitationes of Ach olla and Karthago, seem to have been oriented respectively to the direction of the sunrise at winter and summer solstices. In the latter example, the choice of Byrsa to settle the groma facing the solstice of fune (29°, 19' above W-E line), could be seen as a proof that the author for this limitatio of the colonia Iunonia Karthago, was truly Caius Gracchus himself, in 122 B.C. No wonder that this foundation was put under the protection offuno-tanit, the dea Caelestis.
Un témoignage masqué sur Juba II et les troubles de Gétulie
Authors: Desanges Jehan
Published: February 2012

Le récit par Pline l'Ancien de la rencontre entre une femme gétule et des lions met quelque peu en lumière le rôle de Juba II dans la pacification des Gétules.
Les vétérans de Chemtou (Tunisie)
Authors: Lassère Jean-Marie
Published: February 2012

L'inscription CIL, VIII, 14608, de Chemtou (Tunisie), dont l'interprétation a été très discutée, pourrait recevoir un nouvel éclairage de la comparaison avec quelques autres documents, dont un ostracon de Bou Njem (Libye).
La société italienne et les croisades
Authors: Cardini Franco
Published: February 2012

Jérusalem et les Lieux saints ont toujours fasciné les habitants de la péninsule Italique, et nombreux sont les sanctuaires et églises dédiées dès les premiers temps du christianisme à la Terre sainte. Avec la première croisade toutefois (1095/99) apparaît un phénomène nouveau : la participation des villes maritimes (Pise, Gênes, puis Venise quelques années plus tard) à l'activité de croisés — et ce à des fins essentiellement économiques, à savoir la maîtrise des routes de commerce en Méditerranée ; ces marins et marchands italiens parviennent à leur but et fondent aux xne et xine s. de véritables « comptoirs commerciaux » sur le littoral palestinien.

Enfin c'est la croisade qui a fourni au patriciat urbain d'origine marchande des motifs pour se faire annoblir — ce qu'atteste d'ailleurs la tradition historique locale.
La mort de Roland selon les différentes versions de l'épopée
Authors: Moisan André
Published: February 2012

La Chanson de Roland conservée dans le ms. d'Oxford offre la narration dramatique la plus élaborée de la mort de Roland. Les versions parallèles nées en divers pays d'Europe n'en ont pas généralement conservé le pathétique, en dépit des tentatives de renouvellement du thème. En face de la tradition épique, la Chronique de Turpin, vers 1140, transforme profondément le récit, en accentuant sa « spiritualité » au détriment de son « humanité ». Cette version est à l'origine d'une nouvelle et vivace tradition, qui s'est diffusée tant dans les chroniques et dans l'art que dans les utilisations diverses du thème épique original.
Ancienneté d'une chanson de toile ? La Chanson d'Erembourg ou la Chanson de Renaud ?
Authors: Jonin Pierre
Published: February 2012

Since E. Faral it has been generally admitted that "Chansons de toile" have been deeply influenced by Courtly poetry. The purpose of this article is precisely to contest this assertion in the case of Chanson de Renaud et d' Erembourg. First, its characteristics are "bele"'s place, the terseness of a refrain devoid of lyricism, the epic-narrative structure pointed out by P. Bec. Besides, neither Erembourg nor Renaud are representatives of courtly love nor of "fîn'amor" ; the hero is far too aloof and rough and the heroine too self-restrained and humble. It is, unalloyed, "la Chanson de Renaud".
La vie féminine en Angleterre au temps d'Aliénor d'Aquitaine
Authors: Clark Cecily
Published: February 2012

This study is confined to women forming part of the twelfth-century Anglo-Noman aristocracy. Certain well-known stories imply their freedom to have been limited and their legal rights more restricted than those of men of the same rank. On the other hand, other stories depict independent and self-assertive women, capable of commanding castles and leading military campaigns. It was clearly personal character which determined a woman's fate, rather than social or legal circumstances.
Tradition et renouvellement du monachisme dans l'espace Plantagenêt au XIIe s.
Authors: Foreville Raymonde
Published: February 2012

Particularisme et universalité du mouvement monastique cohabitent dans les domaines Plantagenêt au XIIe s. Le monachisme traditionnel, essentiellement bénédictin, s'étend en Angleterre aux chapitres cathédraux, réformés au XIe s. par Lanfranc. Le mouvement rénovateur comporte trois grands courants : Cîteaux, structuré en Ordre centralisé, devenu exemplaire ; le courant canonial (Prémontré, Arrouaise, Saint- Victor) qui pénètre alors l'Ouest de la France et l'Angleterre ; le courant érémitique (chartreux et grandmontains). Conçus pour satisfaire à l'idéal ascétique des hommes, les nouveaux instituts portaient peu d'intérêt à la vie religieuse des femmes. Ce fut la vocation de l'Ordre de Sempringham de répondre à leur appel, associant la Règle augustinienne à la Règle bénédictine dans l'unité économique, juridique et spirituelle de maisons doubles.

C'est seulement après la crise politique de 1170/74 que Henri II entra dans le jeu du renouvellement monastique : fondation des chartreuses du Liget et de Witham ; des maisons grandmontaines de Touraine ; réforme de Waltham (chanoines réguliers) et d'Amesbury (fontevristes). Il est difficile de discerner la part d'Aliénor, trop longtemps tenue à l'écart par le roi.
La première architecture gothique dans la Gascogne des Plantagenêt
Authors: Gardelles Jacques
Published: February 2012

The introduction of Gothic architecture in the Bordeaux region and Gascony took place in the last decades of the 12th century. Thus it is previous to the first monuments of the new style in the Toulouse region. Until about 1230, the use of rib-vaulting and the changes in sculptured decoration took on special characteristics : the permanence of older designs, with single-naved or basilica-shaped plans, ribs in the Angevine or Cistercian style, obsolescent tendencies, for instance manifested in the taste for sexpartite vaulting. The sculpture sometimes evinces connections with the Angevine style, but often adopts characteristic forms of its own : An austere style or heavy foliage ornementation, a frequent use of faces, masks and heads for capital decoration.
La littérature anglo-normande au temps d'Aliénor d'Aquitaine
Authors: Legge Mary-Dominica
Published: February 2012

The literary patronage of Eleanor lasted from 1154, the year in which she became Queen of England, to 1173, the year of her disgrace. Several works were dedicated to her, notably Philippe de Thaon's Bestiary, and she influenced a certain number of others, such as Thomas's Tristan. Anglo-Norman literature, a forerunner in the use of courtly themes (Gaimar wrote between 1135 and 1140), left its mark on the oldest religious works in French (Play of Adam). Jordan Fantosme's Chronicle, where the world of courtly life is from time to time mixed in with the historiography, provides us with an interesting insight into the period.
Du son poétique médiéval à la lettre du pseudo-exégète
Authors: Bec Pierre
Published: February 2012

This article is a rather scathing criticism of a quite recent specific type of approach to the poetry of the Middle Ages (in this case, that of the troubadours), pretentiously based on the medieval "lettre" and an eroticisation of the "langue" (without ever clearly defining the concepts of lettre and langue). This approach lends itself to a psychoanalytical reading without any considération of either any real linguistic specifleity of the text or the socio-cultural contexte, not to mention the intentio auctoris : thus offering interprétations and "readings", the impressionistic expression of which makes a mockery of ail "censure philologique" and can sometimes lead to a véritable verbal delirium, which no longer has any relationship with the text under considération.
Comparaison des thèmes iconographiques des calendriers monumentaux et enluminés en France, aux XIIe et XIIIe s.
Authors: Mane Perrine
Published: February 2012

Élaboré dès l'Antiquité, repris et modifié par les artistes carolingiens, le thème des calendriers connait un grand succès aux XIIe et XIIIe s. aussi bien dans l'art monumental que dans l'illustration des manuscrits et subit d'importantes transformations. Si un fonds commun d'images se retrouve dans tous les calendriers quelque soit la technique, certains schémas n'apparaissent que dans les cycles monumentaux, d'autres plus nombreux étant réservés aux enluminures. L'influence des miniaturistes sur les artistes chargés de la décoration des églises concourt, en particulier au XIIIe s., à l'enrichissement de ce motif iconographique.