bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pupuk anorganik sebagai alternatif media untuk pertumbuhan eksplan nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) kultivar Sidikalang dan Tapaktuan secara in-vitro
Authors: Amien Suseno , Wiguna M. F.
Published: May 2018

Kultur jaringan selama ini dipahami oleh sebagian masyarakat merupakan suatu teknologi yang mahal, terutama dalam menyediakan bahan kimia untuk media. Hasil percobaan sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa percobaan dengan media pupuk anorganik dapat digunakan sebagi  media tanam in-vitro. Namun media tersebut belum diteliti secara rinci manfaatnya untuk tanaman nilam. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh media pupuk anorganik yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan kultivar nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) Sidikalang dan Tapak Tuan. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium teknologi kultur jaringan Pemuliaan Tanaman Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran dari bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2010. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan dua faktor perlakuan dan diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah kultivar nilam (n) yang terdiri dari dua taraf yaitu kultivar Sidikalang (n1) dan Tapak-tuan (n2). Faktor kedua adalah media yang digunakan (m), terdiri dari lima taraf yaitu media MS (m1), Gandasil (m2), Growmore (m3), Hyponex (m4) dan Vitabloom (m5).Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat interaksi antara kultivar dan media untuk karakter waktu pem-bentukan tunas, tinggi tunas, jumlah daun, jumlah akar, panjang akar, dan bobot basah plantlet. Media MS dibandingkan dengan empat media pupuk anorganik yang diuji merupakan media  terbaik untuk karakter jumlah daun dengan rata-rata 28 buah, tinggi tunas dengan rata-rata 2,25 cm dan bobot basah plantlet dengan rata-rata 0,69 g. Media hyponex menunjukkan pengaruh terbaik untuk karakter jumlah akar dengan rata-rata 56 cm dan panjang akar dengan rata-rata 1,85 cm. Kata kunci :  Nilam ∙ Kultur jaringan ∙ Media pupuk anorganik ∙ Planlet
Pengaruh konsentrasi pupuk organik cair (POC) dan dosis pupuk N, P, K terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis (Zea mays L. var Rugosa Bonaf) kultivar talenta
Authors: Puspadewi S. , Sutari Wawan , Kusumiyati Kusumiyati
Published: May 2018

Percobaan bertujuan untuk mencari konsentrasi pupuk organik cair dan pupuk N, P, K yang terbaik  terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis kultivar Talenta. Percobaan dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret hingga Mei 2014 di Kebun Percobaan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor, Sumedang dengan ketinggian tempat ± 750 m di atas permukaan laut. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan metode percobaan di lapangan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri dari tujuh perlakuan dan diulang empat kali yaitu: 1 dosis rekomendasi pupuk N, P, K ; 1 kali konsentrasi  pupuk organik cair ; 2 kali konsentrasi pupuk organik cair ; 1 kali konsentrasi pupuk organik cair + ½ dosis pupuk N, P, K ; 1 kali konsentrasi pupuk organik cair + 1 dosis pupuk N, P, K ; 2 kali konsentrasi pupuk organik cair + ½ dosis pupuk N, P, K dan 2 kali konsentrasi pupuk organik cair + 1 dosis pupuk N, P, K. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi pupuk organik cair dengan dosis pupuk N, P, K berpengaruh terhadap tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, luas daun, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, berat tongkol, hasil tanaman, indeks panen dan total padatan terlarut. Berdasarkan pertimbangan dari segi ekologis dan ekonomis, kombinasi 1 kali konsentrasi pupuk organik cair dengan ½ dosis pupuk N, P, K mampu memberikan pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman jagung manis.Kata kunci: jagung manis, pupuk organik cair, pupuk N, P, K
Variabilitas genetik, kemajuan genetik, dan pola klaster populasi tegakan benih Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen setelah seleksi massa berdasarkan marka morfologi
Authors: Sunarya Sopandie , Karmana Murdaningsih Haeruman , Rostini Neni , Sumadi Sumadi
Published: May 2018

Informasi variabilitas genetik, kemajuan genetik dan pola kluster fennotipik merupakan dasar pada penelitian pemuliaan pohon yang akan meningkatkan peluang diperolehnya pohon superior.  Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan beberapa parameter genetic dan pola kluster dari populasi tegakan benih Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen menggunakan seleksi massa berdasarkan marker morfologi.  Percobaan disusun menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RBD) dengan lima perlakuan yang diulang empat kali. Materi percobaan adalah individu pohon pada tegakan benih P. falcataria. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter  diameter setinggi dada (DBH), tinggi total (Ttot), tinggi bebas cabang (Tbc), kekekaran pohon (KPhn), tinggi tajuk (Ttjk), jumlah cabang (JCbg) dan volume pohon (VPhn).  Variabilitas genetik dan fenotipik berdasarkan varians adalah sempit dan variabilitas sempit sampai luas berdasarkan koefisien variasi genetik dan fenotipik.  Heritabilitas rendah pada diameter setinggi dada, tinggi bebas cabang  dan volume standing stock, heritabilitas tinggi pada tinggi total, kekekaran pohon (rasio diameter-tinggi), tinggi tajuk dan jumlah cabang.  Kemajuan genetik rendah pada volume standing stock, kemajuan genetik sedang pada jumlah cabang,  kemajuan genetik tinggi pada karakter  diameter detinggi dada, tinggi total, tinggi bebas cabang, kekekaran pohon dan tinggi tajuk.  Kriteria seleksi pada karakter volume standing stock adalah diameter setinggi dada dan tinggi bebas cabang, kriteria seleksi tinggi total adalah tinggi bebas cabang, tinggi tajuk, jumlah cabang  dan kekekaran pohon, kriteria seleksi untuk tinggi tajuk adalah jumlah cabang  dan kekekaran pohon.  Keywords :  Paraserianthes falcataria, seleksi massa, variabilitas genetik, pola kluster, kemajuan genetik, tegakan benih, marker morfologi
Pengaruh Pemberian berbagai konsentrasi benzyl amino purine (BAP) terhadap pertumbuhan tiga kultivar tanaman kamboja jepang (Adenium arabicum)
Authors: Suradinata Yayat Rochayat , Putri Ine Elisa , Kusumiyati Kusumiyati
Published: May 2018

Adenium arabicum disebut sebagai mawar gurun. Tanaman ini memiliki bonggol. Bonggol dapat diperbesar dengan bantuan benzil amino purine (BAP). Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara tiga kultivar Kamboja Jepang (Adenium arabicum) dengan lima konsentrasi (BAP) yang digunakan, untuk memperoleh kultivar diuji yang memiliki pertumbuhan paling baik dengan perlakuan berbagai konsentrasi BAP. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan April 2016 sampai dengan Juli 2016 di rumah kaca Ciparanje Fakultas Pertanian Univesitas Padjadjaran, dengan ketinggian tempat 700 meter di atas permukaan laut (mdpl). Percobaan dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAK Faktorial) yang terdiri atas dua faktor, faktor pertama yaitu kultivar Yak saudi, Ra Chi Nee pan Dok (RCN) dan Thai Socotranum dan faktor kedua yaitu konsentrasi BAP terdiri atas 0 part per million (ppm), 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm dan 200 ppm yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi interaksi antara kultivar dan konsentrasi BAP terhadap jumlah daun dan diameter bonggol. Kultivar Thai Socotranum dan Yak saudi menghasilkan pertumbuhan tanaman yang lebih tinggi dicirikan dengan rata-rata pertambahan tinggi tanaman Adenium arabicum, rata-rata  pertambahan luas daun tinggi tanaman Adenium arabicum dan rata-rata pertambahan tunas lateral tinggi tanaman Adenium arabicum yang lebih tinggi daripada RCN namun pada rata-rata pertambahan bonggol tanaman tinggi tanaman Adenium arabicum kultivar Thai Socotranum dan RCN menunjukkan petumbuhan yang lebih baik. Perlakuan BAP dengan konsentrasi 150 ppm dan 200 ppm menghasilkan rata-rata pertumbuhan lebih tinggi dicirikan dari rata-rata pertambahan jumlah daun, rata-rata pertambahan tinggi dan rata-rata pertambahan tunas lateral. Pada rata-rata  pertambahan luas daun konsentrasi 100 ppm menunjukkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik daripada konsentrasi yang lainnya. Kultivar Thai Socotranum dan BAP 150 ppm menunjukkan hasil perlakuan terbaik.Kata Kunci : Adenium arabicum, BAP, Diameter Bonggol, Konsentrasi, Sitokinin
Respons jagung (Zea mays l.) akibat jarak tanam pada sistem tanam legowo (2:1) dan berbagai dosis pupuk nitrogen pada tanah inceptisol Jatinangor
Authors: Wahyudin Agus , Yuwariah Yuyun Yuwariah , Wicaksono Fiky Yulianto , Bajri Reza Aed Galib
Published: May 2018

Di Indonesia jagung menjadi sumber karbohidrat kedua setelah padi. Selain sebagai sumber kebutuhan pangan jagung juga dapat digunakan sebagai sumber pakan ternak dan bahan baku industri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamatiinteraksi sistem tanam legowo (2:1) dengan pupuk N yang menghasilkan pertum-buhan dan hasil terbaik pada tanaman jagung (Zea mays L.) Hibrida Pertiwi 3, di Jatinangor mulai bulan November 2016 sampai Maret 2017. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Pola Faktorial. Perlakuan terdiri dari dua faktor, masing-masing faktor terdiri dari tiga taraf dan diulang tiga kali. Faktor pertama adalah sistem tanam legowo (2:1)  dengan menggunakan jarak tanam yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 75 cm x 25 cm x 25 cm, 75 cm x 30 cm x 30 cm dan 75 cm x 35 cm x 35 cm. Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk N terdiri dari tiga taraf, yaitu 200 kg/ha (2,25 g/lubang), 300 kg/ha (3,75 g/lubang) dan 400 kg/ha (5 g/lubang).Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara jarak tanam legowo 2 : 1 denganpemberian pupuk N terhadap Indeks Luas Daun tanaman jagung. Jarak tanam legowo 2 : 1 memberikan hasil terbaik yaitu pada jarak tanam 75 cm x 25 cm x 25 cm dengan hasil (12264.00 g/petak atau 11,68 ton/ha) dan dosis pupuk N 400 kg/ha dengan hasil (11036.27 g/petak atau 10.05 ton/ha) terhadap bobot biji pipilan kering per petak dan per hektar. Kata kunci: Jagung, Sistem Tanam Legowo (2:1), Dosis Pupuk N
Respons tiga klon tanaman rami (Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaud) terhadap konsentrasi asam giberelat yang berbeda
Authors: Suherman Cucu , Nurainni Anne , Wulandari Veronika Sri Rahayu
Published: May 2018

Tanaman rami merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman perkebunan penghasil serat yang serat-nya dapat dimanfaatkan dalam industri tekstil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi zat pengatur tumbuh asam giberelat (GA3) dan tiga klon rami terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman rami serta mengetahui interaksi konsentrasi asam giberelat dan klon rami yang paling baik. Percobaan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Ciparanje, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, Kabupaten Sumedang, ordo tanah Inceptisol, waktu pelaksanaan bulan Februari 2017 sampai bulan April 2017. Tipe curah hujan C (agak basah) menurut klasifikasi Schmidt dan Fergusson, dengan ketinggian tempat 754 mdpl. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola Faktorial dengan dua belas perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah klon rami yang terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu Pujon 13, Bandung A, dan Ramindo 1. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi asam giberelat, yaitu 0 ppm, 75 ppm, 150 ppm, dan 225 ppm. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh interaksi klon  dengan konsentrasi GA3 terhadap jumlah daun umur 12 MST, diameter batang umur 8 dan 12 MST, dan tinggi tanaman 12 MST. Pengaruh interaksi terbaik terjadi pada perlakuan klon Bandung A dengan asam giberelat 225 ppm, ditunjukkan oleh jumlah daun umur 12 MST, serta diameter batang umur 8 dan 12 MST. Pengaruh mandiri terbaik juga dihasilkan oleh klon Bandung A serta asam giberelat 225 ppm. Kata kunci: Asam Giberelat, Klon, Rami Kata kunci: Asam Giberelat, Klon, Rami
A Doutrina Social da Igreja: a ciência e a sociedade em debate
Authors: Souza José Donizeti de
Published: May 2018

Num mundo marcado por graves problemas sociais que parecem não ter uma solução que não inclua como resultado lógico a derrota dos débeis, é mais necessário que nunca o recurso ao ensino social da Igreja, que resume vinte séculos de experiências e o estudo do Cristianismo e dos seus melhores pensadores. Mas o que é o ensino social da Igreja? O ensino social da Igreja é esta tentativa de explicação das consequências sociais da fé cristã utilizada pelo Magistério social da Igreja Católica.
Ciência e fé: a contínua busca da verdade
Authors: Juliatto Clemente Ivo
Published: May 2018

O presente trabalho aborda as relações entre a ciência e a fé na busca pela verdade. Em linha diversa ao tipo de cientificismo que advoga o absolutismo da imanência, pelo qual se afirma o divórcio entre a natureza e Deus, esta comunicação defende a convergência e, também, a complementariedade entre a ciência e a fé. É somente na união entre as duas – ciência e fé – que se pode caminhar rumo à verdade. Ancorada nos exemplos de diversos filósofos, cientistas e ativistas políticos e sociais de elevado grau de importância histórica, considera-se, aqui, que a boa escola é, pois, aquela que tanto entende o valor do que é imanente (lugar da ciência) quanto o valor do transcendente (território da fé). Conclui, finalmente, que o bom professor, o verdadeiro educador, será sempre o porta-voz da verdade, na medida em que esteja aberto a ela, acredite nela e a propague, tanto pela ciência quanto pela espiritualidade.
As romanas e o poder nos Anais de Tácito
Authors: Bélo Taís Pagoto , Funari Pedro Paulo Abreu
Published: May 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo o estudo de como a mulher da elite romana aparece na literatura latina. Tácito, em Anais, descreve, uma vez e outra, mulheres romanas associadas ao poder imperial central de forma pejorativa, como usurpadoras, quando associadas a questão do poder.
Depth Distribution of 137Cs in Anthrosol from the Experimental Field “Radmilovac” Near Belgrade, Serbia
Authors: Vukašinović Ivana , Todorović Dragana , Đorđević Aleksandar , Rajković Miloš B. , Pavlović Vladimir B.
Published: May 2018

This is a preliminary study of the depth distribution of 137Cs radionuclides in cultivated anthrosol soil of a 15-year old peach tree plantation at the experimental field “Radmilovac” near Belgrade. Before planting, the soil was ploughed at the depth of 1 m. The soil had not been annually ploughed, irrigated and treated with mineral fertilizers for three years before sampling. Activity concentration for 137Cs ranged from 1.8 Bq kg-1 to 35 Bq kg-1. Along the soil depth it varied highly, reaching as high a total variation coefficient as 83 %. Radiocaesium distribution patterns depended on the extent of soil mixing in the plough layer, as it was mechanically transferred from the surface to the lower soil layers during cultivation. 137Cs was associated with humus content and fixation to clay fractions in the soil. Our results single out soil’s hygroscopic water as a valuable parameter for 137Cs behaviour that could be used commonly if the measurement is standardised.
Effects of Taurine Against Histomorphological and Ultrastructural Changes in the Testes of Mice Exposed to Aluminium Chloride
Authors: Abdel-Moneim Ashraf M.
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of taurine against histomorphological and ultrastructural changes in the testes of Swiss albino mice caused by acute in vivo exposure to AlCl3. Light microscopy revealed that a single intraperitoneal (i.p.) dose of AlCl3 (25 mg kg-1 Al3+) was associated with sloughing, tubular atrophy, germ-cell degeneration, and foci of Leydig cell hyperplasia. In addition, transmission electron microscopy showed a destruction of inter-Sertoli cell tight junctions, apoptotic cell death of spermatogonia and primary spermatocytes, various types of abnormalities in spermatid morphology, accumulation of lipid droplets, reduction of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (sER), and mitochondrial damage in Leydig cells. Taurine post-treatment at i.p. dose of 1 g kg-1 diminished these changes and significantly reduced the number of affected tubules compared to Al-poisoned mice. This is the first study to evidence that taurine protects against pathological changes in the testicular tissue of Al-treated mice.
Cadmium and Lead in Grey Wolf Liver Samples: Optimisation of a Microwaveassisted Digestion Method
Authors: Vihnanek Lazarus Maja , Sekovanić Ankica , Kljaković-Gašpić Zorana , Orct Tatjana , Jurasović Jasna , Kusak Josip , Reljić Slaven , Huber Đuro
Published: May 2018

A microwave-assisted digestion method for the determination of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was optimised on certified reference material (CRM) (bovine liver, BCR-185R) and wolf liver samples. Different factors influencing digestion efficiency (temperature, time, composition of the digestion mixture, sample mass) were tested. Validation included linearity (up to 200 μg L-1 for Cd and Pb), detection (0.003 μg L-1 for Cd and 0.035 μg L-1 for Pb), and quantification (0.008 μg L-1 for Cd and 0.081 μg L-1 for Pb) limits. Good agreement between measured and certified values was achieved in all conditions, with recoveries ranging from 94 % to 111 % for Cd and from 95 % to 105 % for Pb. The precision of the method, expressed as relative standard deviation, was up to 3 % for Cd and 8 % for Pb. The best digestion parameters (260 °C, 30 min, 1 mL HNO3+4 mL H2O, 0.1 g of CRM) based on accuracy and precision were applied on two wolf liver samples to evaluate the need for the predigestion step (freeze-drying) and appropriate mass of the sample. Freeze-drying improved precision and minimising the tissue mass to 0.1 g reduced the matrix effect. Using these optimised digestion conditions, we determined Cd and Pb in 40 wolf livers collected in Croatia, and their medians (0.055 μg g-1 and 0.107 μg g-1, respectively) were in the range of previously reported data for the grey wolf.
Indoor PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and Outdoor PM2.5 Concentrations in Primary Schools in Sari, Iran
Authors: Mohammadyan Mahmoud , Shabankhani Bijan
Published: May 2018

This study was carried out to determine the distribution of particles in classrooms in primary schools located in the centre of the city of Sari, Iran and identify the relationship between indoor classroom particle levels and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations. Outdoor PM2.5 and indoor PM1, PM2.5, and PM10 were monitored using a real-time Micro Dust Pro monitor and a GRIMM monitor, respectively. Both monitors were calibrated by gravimetric method using filters. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that all indoor and outdoor data fitted normal distribution. Mean indoor PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations for all of the classrooms were 17.6 μg m-3, 46.6 μg m-3, 400.9 μg m-3, and 36.9 μg m-3, respectively. The highest levels of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured at the Shahed Boys School (69.1 μg m-3 and 115.8 μg m-3, respectively). The Kazemi school had the lowest levels of indoor and outdoor PM2.5 (29.1 μg m-3 and 15.5 μg m-3, respectively). In schools located near both main and small roads, the association between indoor fine particle (PM2.5 and PM1) and outdoor PM2.5 levels was stronger than that between indoor PM10 and outdoor PM2.5 levels. Mean indoor PM2.5 and PM10 and outdoor PM2.5 were higher than the standards for PM2.5 and PM10, and there was a good correlation between indoor and outdoor fine particle concentrations.
Leisure Traveling for 21st Century Americans: Mass Tourism as a Cultural Trap
Authors: Aniculăese Ovidiu
Published: May 2018

The majority of mass men in the American environment exhibit predictable and similar patterns of behavior as tourists. Pre-Industrial Revolution modes of traveling as liberation and exploration are now thwarted by the leveling effect of globalization and the illusion of information fueled by the all-pervasive mass media. Claims about the role of routine or the quest for authenticity are challenged as genuine motivations for mass tourism. Both the American culture and travel destinations in developing countries have authentic content that is largely ignored in favor of sensationalism and cliché. Excessive regimentation in the US creates the acute need for transcending to which popular culture finds accessible solutions through tourism: an experience of concentrated yet vague exoticism which feels liberating without yielding exploration. Travel destinations are shaped to American standards of material comfort and even adopt western popular culture icons in an effort to supply accessible familiar experiences of western entertainment. Various kinds of difficulty that once stimulated travelers are now relieved by travel agencies, rendering the experience of traveling less personal and more like TV entertainment. Old notions of space, time and reality itself are blurred in favor of a hyper-reality where fiction dominates.
Heart Rate Variability and Electrodermal Activity as Noninvasive Indices of Sympathovagal Balance in Response to Stress
Authors: Visnovcova Zuzana , Calkovska A. , Tonhajzerova I.
Published: May 2018

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is a principal regulatory system for maintaining homeostasis, adaptability and physiological flexibility of the organism at rest as well as in response to stress. In the aspect of autonomic regulatory inputs on the cardiovascular system, recent research is focused on the study of exaggerated/diminished cardiovascular reactivity in response to mental stress as a risk factor for health complications, e.g. hypertension. Thus, the analysis of biological signals reflecting a physiological shift in sympathovagal balance during stress in the manner of vagal withdrawal associated with sympathetic overactivity is important. The heart rate variability, i.e. “beat-to-beat” oscillations of heart rate around its mean value, reflects mainly complex neurocardiac parasympathetic control. The electrodermal activity could represent “antagonistic” sympathetic activity, the so-called “sympathetic arousal” in response to stress. The detailed study of the physiological parameters under various stressful stimuli and in recovery phase using traditional and novel mathematical analyses could reveal discrete alterations in sympathovagal balance. This article summarizes the importance of heart rate variability and electrodermal activity assessment as the potential noninvasive indices indicating autonomic nervous system activity in response to mental stress.
A morphometric analysis of the postanatal development of the choroid plexus epithelium in the male and female rat
Authors: Malobabić Slobodan , Jovanović Ivan , Lozanče Olivera , Ugrenović Sladjana , Zorić Zoran , Filipović Branislav
Published: May 2018

Morphometric parameters of the lateral ventricle choroid plexus epithelial cells (average area, perimeter, bounding rectangle area, average nuclear area, nuclear perimeter, nuclear circularity and average nucleocytoplasmic ratio) were studied in postnatal and juvenile (10th, 16th and 38th postnatal days) 15 male and 15 female rats. The results were statistically analyzed by factorial ANOVA.

Mean values of epithelial cells area, bounding rectangle area and perimeter were significantly higher in 16 days old, than in 10 and 38 days old rats. Opposite to this, the nucleocytoplasmic ratio was lower in the 16 days old, than in 10 and 38 days old rats. Average nuclear area and perimeter showed similar trends, while nuclear circularity increased from the 10th to the 38th day. Significant sex differences were in the epithelial cells area, bounding rectangle area and perimeter, being higher in males than in females in both 16 and 38 days groups. Nucleocytoplasmic ratio was higher in 10 days old male rats, but lower in 16 and 38 days old male rats.

Generally, choroid epithelial cells size increased on the 16th and then decreased on the 38th day, but still remained higher compared to the 10th day. Nuclear size after increasing on day 16, also decreased on day 38, but to values lower than on day 10. The general decrease of nucleocytoplasmic ratio which accompanied these changes indirectly suggests a functional decrease. In the investigated period the male rat choroid epithelial cells were larger, but their nucleocytoplasmic ratio, which suggests the functional status, was lower than in females, indicating sex differences in the growth dynamics of the rat choroid plexus.
Hematological and Serum Biochemical Reference Values for the Posavina and Croatian Coldblood Horse Breeds
Authors: Pađen Lana , Gomerčić Tomislav , Đuras Martina , Arbanasić Haidi , Galov Ana
Published: May 2018

In this study the hematological and biochemical parameters in the blood of indigenous Croatian working horse breeds were investigated. The Posavina and Croatian Coldblood horses are adapted to harsh environmental conditions and their blood parameters might differ from other horse breeds. The study was carried out on 100 mares and 12 stallions of ages from 2 to 19 years. Fifteen hematological and 19 biochemical parameters were analysed. Values of 22 parameters showed considerable overlapping with values obtained for other horse breeds, and substantial resemblance is evident with values reported for Pakistani working horses. Several reference values showed statistically significant effect of sex (Hb, ALB, CREA, TBIL and Ca where significantly higher in stallions; EOS, CK, ALP, UREA and Mg were significantly higher in mares). None of the parameters studied showed any differences associated with age. The adaptation of Posavina and Croatian Coldblood horses to the harsh environment of flooded pastures and the way of breeding might be reflected in their specific reference values. The obtained results enabled the establishment of hematological and biochemical reference values in the blood of Posavina and Croatian Coldblood horses that will in turn support clinical diagnosis and further research into horse physiology.
Result of Endoscopically Assisted Gastropexy in Dogs
Authors: Arican Mustafa , Parlak Kurtuluş , Ince Mehmet Ege , Güzelbekteş Hasan
Published: May 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the use of endoscopy jointly with gastropexy in dogs as a potential mean to aid prevention and evaluation of the long-term efficiency of this procedure for gastric dilatation-volvulus.

The study was performed on ten healthy adult medium- and large-breed dogs. The dogs had no abnormal finding upon physical examination and each underwent an endoscopically assisted gastropexy procedure. After surgery all dogs were in good condition. The surgical procedure was followed by x-ray and ultrasonographic examinations. The records included data for gastropexy anatomic location and length, duration of the surgical procedure and complications.

The mean ± SD gastropexy length was 3.0 ± 0.25 cm, as determined by ultrasonography, and the mean duration of the surgical procedure was 20 ± 5 minutes.

It appears that endoscopically assisted gastropexy is a simple, fast, safe, and reliable method of performing a prophylactic gastropexy in dogs. This procedure maximizes the benefits of decreased morbidity and shorter duration of anaesthesia associated with minimally invasive surgery.
On Egnos Monitoring in Local Conditions
Authors: Felski Andrzej , Nowak Aleksander
Published: May 2018

Any SBAS system should deliver to the user corrections to pseudoranges as well as information about the system integrity. In theory, as soon as the system is permanently monitored by RIMS stations, it is impossible to deliver the fault information to the user. However many observations shows that accuracy of EGNOS service in the same time are different in different places, which shows the influence of local conditions on them. In addition evidences on possibilities in jamming or spoofing of GPS signals should be seriously taken into account. According to many sources of information, among them observations of authors, present accuracy of EGNOS service has better than declared. In fact EGNOS accuracy is about 1,5m (95%), but availability of the service happens still controversial and it has random character. According to reports essential differences as well as lack of correlation of this parameter in the different point of observations has been observed. So in author’s opinion Local Monitoring of EGNOS service can contribute to better confidence of local users, especially in critical operations, like for example berthing of big ships or in landing operations with EGNOS procedures. An example of such system which works in real time has been elaborated in Polish Naval Academy and will be presented.
Simple sufficient conditions for asymptotic stability of positive linear systems for any switchings
Authors: Kaczorek T.
Published: May 2018

The asymptotic stability of positive switched linear systems for any switchings is addressed. Simple sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability of positive switched continuous-time and discrete-time linear systems are established. It is shown that the positive switched continuous-time (discrete-time) system is asymptotically stable for any switchings if the sum of entries of every column of the matrices of subsystems is negative (less than 1)
Stability analysis for discrete-time fractional-order LTI state-space systems. Part I: New necessary and sufficient conditions for the asymptotic stability
Authors: Stanisławski R. , Latawiec K.J.
Published: May 2018

This paper presents a series of new results on the asymptotic stability of discrete-time fractional difference (FD) state space systems and their finite-memory approximations called finite FD (FFD) and normalized FFD (NFFD) systems. In Part I, new, general, necessary and sufficient stability conditions are introduced in a unified form for FD/FFD/NFFD-based systems. In Part II, an original, simple, analytical stability criterion is offered for FD-based systems, and the result is used to develop simple, efficient, numerical procedures for testing the asymptotic stability for FFD-based and, in particular, NFFD-based systems. Consequently, the so-called f-poles and f-zeros are introduced for FD-based system and their closed-loop stability implications are discussed
Bioactivity of cement type bone substitutes
Authors: Siek D. , Czechowska J. , Mróz W. , Zima A. , Burdyńska S. , Załęczny R. , Ślósarczyk A.
Published: May 2018

In vitro chemical stability and bioactivity of three different cement type bone substitutes were determined by incubating cement samples in the simulated body fluid (SBF) for 7 and 28 days. Morphology of sample surfaces has been studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The diffuse reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was applied as a supplementary method. The development of bone-like apatite layers on the surface depended on their initial phase composition. Obtained cements showed good surgical handiness, high bioactive potential and were chemically stable. They seem to be promising materials for bone substitution.
Effect of the mathematical model and integration step on the accuracy of the results of computation of artillery projectile flight parameters
Authors: Baranowski L.
Published: May 2018

In the paper the three different mathematical models of motion of a spin-stabilized, conventional artillery projectile, possessing at least trigonal symmetry, have been introduced. The vector six-degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) differential equations of motion are an updated edition of those published by Lieske and McCoy and are consistent with STANAG 4355 (Ed. 3). The mathematical models have been used to developing software for simulating the flight of the Denel 155mm Assegai M2000 series artillery projectile and to conduct comprehensive research of the influence of the applied model and integration step on the accuracy and time of computation of projectile trajectory.
Modeling residual stresses generated in Ti coatings thermally sprayed on Al2O3 substrates
Authors: Zimmerman J. , Lindemann Z. , Golański D. , Chmielewski T. , Włosiński W.
Published: May 2018

There is described a method of modeling by the finite element method the residual stresses induced during thermal deposition of coatings. The simulation was performed in two stages. The first dynamic stage simulated the impacts of the individual particles of the coating material onto the substrate, and the next static stage included a non-linear thermo-mechanical analysis intended for simulating the process of layer-by-layer deposition of the coating, with a specified thickness, and then cooling the entire system to the ambient temperature. In the computations, the samples were assumed to be cylindrical in shape and composed of an Al2O3 substrate and a titanium coating (with three different thicknesses) deposited using the detonation method. The correctness of the numerical model was verified experimentally by measuring the deflections of a real Ti coating/Al2O3 substrate sample with the Ti coating detonation-sprayed on the ceramic substrate, after cooling it to the ambient temperature. The experimental results appeared to be in good agreement with those obtained by the numerical computations.
Staphylococcal Species Detected in Free-Living Trouts of East Slovakian Water Sources and their Relation to Antimicrobials
Authors: Lauková Andrea , Kandričáková Anna , Strompfová Viola , Chacornac Jean-Paul , Léroy Sabine , Žitňan Rudolf
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study was to isolate and identify staphylococci from the intestinal samples of 24 trouts from East Slovakian waters. Moreover, their relation to antimicrobials was tested. The count of staphylococci in the trouts reached in average 4.0 x 101 colony forming units per gram. Twenty-two strains were identified by validated species-specific oligonucleotide array targeting the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase-sodA gene. The identified strains were allotted to five species (Staphylococcus warneri, S. haemolyticus, S. epidermidis, S. hominis, S. pasteuri) clustered to three groups according to 16S rRNA sequences (S. epidermidis group, S. haemolyticus group, S. warneri group). These species belong to coagulase-negative staphylococci. All strains were sensitive to eight antibiotics out of 14 tested; the majority of strains were also sensitive to the remaining six antibiotics with the inhibitory zones from 13 to 41 mm. The strains were also sensitive at least to three enterocins of nine tested. Strains SW24/2, SHo 19/2, SHo20/1, SP19/1 were sensitive to eight of nine enterocins. All strains were sensitive to Ent A, P=EK13, and Ent EM41 with activity 100-6400 AU/mL. Strains SHo19/2 and SP19/1 were sensitive to Ent 2019 with activity up to 25600 AU/mL.
Influence of β-Glucan (Macrogard®) on Innate Immunity of Carp Fry
Authors: Sych Ganna , Frost Patrick , Irnazarow Ilgiz
Published: May 2018

β-glucan (Macrogard®) was administrated to enhance the immunity and growth of Cyprinus carpio fry. The whole body homogenate of fish sampled with one week intervals during 2nd - 6th weeks post hatching was assayed for the total protein content, lysozyme activity, α-2-macroglobulin content, classical complement pathway activation, and weight gain. After the 3rd week of experimental feeding, the total protein content and the classical complement activity of fish fed β-glucan supplemented diet were higher than controls. Significantly higher lysozyme activity and α-2-macroglobulin levels were noted in group fed β-glucan at the 2nd and 3rd week of diet application. It was demonstrated that β-glucan enriched feeding increased the immunity of common carp at the earliest stages of their development.
Analysis of Chosen Blood Indicators of Warm-Blooded and Cold-Blooded Foals in the Period from Birth Till Weaning
Authors: Pomorska Agnieszka
Published: May 2018

The aim of the research was to obtain “native” referential values for the indicators of the red and white blood cell systems and platelet indicators in the clinically healthy foals of purebred Arabs and Polish cold-blooded breed, in the period from birth till weaning. The morphological examination was performed ex tempore with help of the automatic haematological analyser. The obtained results demonstrate that the majority of haematological indicators of the red blood cell and white blood cell systems of warm-blooded foals, especially in the first 2-3 months of their life, are statistically higher. It can be assumed that within the indicators of the white blood cell system, the statistically important differences between the groups occur rarely, as do mutual (interfactor) correlative connections or the trends comparable for both groups.
Clinical Comparative Evaluation of the V-Cut Pelvic Ostectomy in the Management of Canine Hip Dysplasia
Authors: Yaprakci Mustafa Volkan , Galanty Marek , Siewruk Katarzyna
Published: May 2018

The operational method (V-cut pelvic ostectomy) was applied on seven dogs. Pubic symphysis was cut in an inverted “V” fashion and a bone gap occurred between pelvic halves. The gap was reduced by contracting both sides of the pelvis. A new pubic symphysis developed. Results were evaluated with radiographs and different clinical and orthopedic tests. Radiographic measures between mutual parts of pelvic bone showed a marked increase in Norberg angles and diminishing in Bardens, Barlow, and Ortolani orthopedic tests after operations. Principal conclusion: V-cut pelvic ostectomy was found to be a successful operation technique in treatment of canine hip dysplasia.
Determination of Pamidronate in Bisphosphonate-Enriched Bone Cement by Ion-Pair Hplc and Capillary Electrophoresis
Authors: Matuszewski Łukasz , Matuszewska Anna , Mazurkiewicz Tomasz , Polkowska Izabela , Jaszek Magdalena , Grąz Marcin , Gągała Jacek
Published: May 2018

The presence of pamidronate during local use of bisphosphonates (BP)-enriched bone cement was determined. The question was whether pamidronate implanted into the bone cement is eluted. The study was performed on 10 probes of BP-enriched bone cement located in 0.9% NaCl. The probes were incubated for 3 and 6 weeks. Ion-pair HPLC was used for the detection of pamidronate. Then, capillary electrophoresis was applied for quantitative analysis of pamidronate in the 3rd and 6th week after incubation. The presence of pamidronate, eluted from BP-enriched bone cement into 0.9% NaCl solution 3 and 6 weeks after incubation, was demonstrated. These results may explain the changes in the level of cytokine RANKL and bone turnover marker osteoprotegrin in rats’ serum treated with BP-enriched bone cement 3 and 6 weeks after surgery. The possibility of effective local use of BP-enriched bone cement in veterinary medicine was underlined. The results, and the former conducted research, point out that the clinical applications of BP-enriched bone cement in vivo may have some validity in the future.
Evaluation of Densitometric and Geometric Parameters of the Femur in 14-Month-Old Ostriches Depending on Sex with the Use of Computed Tomography
Authors: Charuta Anna
Published: May 2018

The aim of the study was to analyse densitometric and geometric parameters of the compact bone and the trabecular diaphysis of the femur of ostriches with the use of computed tomography. The method has been applied in ostriches for the first time. The study was conducted on the femur of 14-month-old ostriches of both sexes. The obtained results were analysed statistically using one-way ANOVA, with Bonferroni correction for multiple-group comparisons. It was stated that the mineral content (BMC) in the middle of the diaphysis of the femur was significantly higher in males (465.52 mg/mm) than in females (417.67 mg/mm). Similar tendencies were observed for the total bone area (TOT_ A), trabecular area (TRAB_ A), cortical area (CRT_ A), and strength strain index (SSI). The average area of the CRT_A for both sexes was 568.62 mm2 and was lower than the TRAB_A - 884 mm2, at P≤0.05. Moreover, it was found that strength strain index (SSI) of the diaphysis depended on the TOT_A and the TRAB_A. Both features positively correlated with SSI. Pearson’s correlation coefficient for both features was r = 0.97, at P≤0.01. Further research concerning the dynamics of changes of densitometric and geometric parameters occurring with age and involving both sexes is recommended, as there are many locomotion problems in ostriches, especially older ones, used intensively on farms for many years.
Comparative Analysis Of The Utilisation Of Electronic Commerce And Business In Polish E-shops In The Years 2009-2011
Authors: Czajkowski Tomasz , Szymański Grzegorz
Published: May 2018

The aim of the article is to present the results of research concerning the utilisation of different aspects of electronic commerce and business in Polish e-shops, based on a number of comparative analyses performed for the years 2009-2011. Some of the presented data concern also the year 2008. The most important aspects covered by the analyses are: international trade and exports of Polish e-shops, marketing aspects of online businesses, the infrastructure and safety of Polish e-shops, their financial results, and also actions planned in order to minimise the effects of the economic crisis. The main conclusions drawn from these analyses, as well as predictions for the future for the Polish e-market, are also presented.
Magnetoconvection in a plane layer rotating about the horizontal axis: The effect of anisotropic diffusivities
Authors: Šoltis Tomáš , Brestenský Jozef
Published: May 2018

A linear stability analysis of convection arising in a horizontal plane layer rotating about the horizontal axis and permeated by a homogeneous horizontal magnetic field perpendicular to the rotation axis is performed. Resulting horizontal convective rolls are inclined to the magnetic field at an angle dependent on the dimensionless numbers − the Elsasser, Ekman and Roberts numbers, and moreover on the anisotropy parameter, the ratio of horizontal and vertical diffusion coefficients (which are the viscosity and thermal diffusivity; magnetic diffusivity is considered isotropic).

Two types of anisotropies, SA andBM, are considered and compared with the isotropic case of diffusion coefficients. In the stratification anisotropy, SA, of the Sa and So types, diffusivities in the horizontal directions are, respectively, smaller and greater than the vertical ones. In the BM anisotropy (Braginsky and Meytlis, 1990), the diffusivities in the directions of rotation axis and magnetic field - in the horizontal directions are greater than in vertical direction, thus identically as in So type anisotropy. Results of this H case, the model with the horizontal rotation axis, are compared with the V case of a similar model with the vertical rotation axis. The modes of instabilities are much more sensitive to viscosity and various anisotropies in the H case than in the V case.

Results indicate that the effects of anisotropic diffusivities on the Earth’s core magnetoconvection and geodynamo processes should be studied more thoroughly in simpler models than is usually done.
Differential and Common Mode Noise Waves and Correlation Matrices
Authors: Dobrowolski Janusz A.
Published: May 2018

This paper presents an innovative extention of the noise wave definition to mixed mode, differential - and commonmode noise waves which can be used for noise analysis of differential microwave networks. Mixed mode noise waves are used next to define generalized mixed mode noise wave correlation matrices of microwave multiport networks. Presented approach may be used for noise analysis of microwave differential networks with differential ports as well as with conventional single ended ports.
AP-MOVPE Technology and Characterization of InGaAsN p-i-n Subcell for InGaAsN/GaAs Tandem Solar Cell
Authors: Dawidowski Wojciech , Šciana Beata , Zborowska-Lindert Iwona , Mikolášek Miroslav , Latkowska Magdalena , Radziewicz Damian , Pucicki Damian , Bielak Katarzyna , Badura Mikołaj , Kováč Jaroslav , Tłaczała Marek
Published: May 2018

Tandem (two p-n junctions connected by tunnel junction) and multijunction solar cells (MJSCs) based on AIIIBV semiconductor compounds and alloys are the most effective photovoltaic devices. Record efficiency of the MJSCs exceeds 44% under concentrated sunlight. Individual subcells connected in series by tunnel junctions are crucial components of these devices. In this paper we present atmospheric pressure metal organic vapour phase epitaxy (AP-MOVPE) of InGaAsN based subcell for InGaAsN/GaAs tandem solar cell. The parameters of epitaxial structure (optical and electrical), fabrication process of the test solar cell devices and current-voltage (J-V) characteristics are presented and discussed.
Nonlinear Optimal Tracking For Missile Gimbaled Seeker Using Finite-Horizon State Dependent Riccati Equation
Authors: Khamis Ahmed , Naidu D. Subbaram , Kamel Ahmed M.
Published: May 2018

The majority of homing guided missiles use gimbaled seekers. The equations describing seeker gimbal system are highly nonlinear. Accurate nonlinear control of the motion of the gimbaled seeker through the attached DC motors is required. In this paper, an online technique for finite-horizon nonlinear tracking problems is presented. The idea of the proposed technique is the change of variables that converts the nonlinear differential Riccati equation to a linear Lyapunov differential equation. The proposed technique is effective for wide range of operating points. Simulation results for a realistic gimbaled system with different engagement scenarios are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Learners’ Perceptions on the Structure and Usefulness of e-Resources for the Thesis Courses
Authors: Aghaee Naghmeh , Hansson Henrik , Tedre Matti , Drougge Ulrika
Published: May 2018

The use of information and communication technology (ICT) in education is a way to facilitate interaction and accessing information for learning in higher education. However, finding a set of structured e-resources to facilitate learning within specific courses is still a big challenge in most higher education institutions. This includes the problems and challenges for thesis courses in both undergraduate (Bachelor) and graduate (Master) level in Sweden. To overcome or reduce the problems and enhance quality of outcomes in thesis courses, the department of Computer and Systems Sciences (DSV) at Stockholm University has developed a Learning Support System, SciPro (Scientific Process), to support the thesis process. The aim of this study is to investigate learners’ perspectives on the usefulness of structured e-resources in SciPro, to reduce challenges for finding information related to the thesis process. This was done based on an open online survey, carried out in 2012-2013 of students’ perspectives at DSV. The study found the actual problems that students have encountered in the thesis courses and hence suggested a general model as a way forward to sort the e-resources to reduce the problems in the thesis process.
Do Referral Programs Increase Profits
Authors: Schmitt Philipp , Skiera Bernd , Bulte Christophe Van den
Published: May 2018

Marketers increasingly use word of mouth to promote products or acquire new customers. But is such companystimulated WOM effective? Are customers who are referred by other customers really worth the effort? A recent study clearly says “yes”. In a study of almost 10,000 accounts at a German bank, the referred customers turned out to be 25 % more profi table than customers acquired by other means. Over a 33-month period, they generated higher profi t margins, were more loyal and showed a higher customer lifetime value. The difference in lifetime value between referred and non-referred customers was most pronounced among younger people and among retail (as opposed to private banking) customers. The reward of € 25 per acquired customer clearly paid off. Given the average difference in customer lifetime value of € 40, this amount implied a return on investment (ROI) of roughly 60 % over a six-year period. The encouraging results of this study, however, do not imply that “viral-for-hire” works in each and every case. Referral programs would be most beneficial for products and services that customers might not appreciate immediately. Products and services that imply some kind of risk would also benefit to a more than average degree from referrals because prospects are likely to feel more confi dent when a trusted person has positive experiences. Companies should consider carefully which prospects to target with referral programs and how large a referral fee to provide.