bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The E-Government Development, IT Strategies, and Portals of the Hong Kong SAR Government
Authors: HO Kevin K.W.
Published: February 2013

This case describes the development of information technology (IT) and electronic government (e-Government) projects of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government (the HKSARG) from the late 1990s to 2005. During this period, the HKSARG launched its first IT Strategic Plan, Digital 21 IT Strategy, which provides the roadmap for the IT development for the city. In this eight-year period, the HKSARG committed about US$1,100M on various types of e-government projects. New e-Government applications and portals, such as Electronic Service Delivery (ESD) and Central Cyber Government Office (CCGO), were developed and rolled out from 2000 onwards to facilitate electronic transactions between the HKSARG and its external (business firms and citizens) and internal (government departments and employees) customers.
Evaluating Citizen Attitudes Towards Local E-Government and a Comparison of Engagement Methods in the UK
Authors: Phippen Andy
Published: February 2013

This case considers the issues facing local authorities in the UK regarding engaging their citizen’s with online service delivery channels. While these issues are shared with all local authorities in the UK, the focus of the work is around the far South West of England, in a region where, given high levels of social and economic exclusion, low incomes, and low population density, local e-government services have great potential to benefit populations. Several datasets highlight the problem that the local authorities face in the region; a disengaged population and a lack of trust in both local and central government. However, we can also demonstrate that once engaged, citizens can appreciate the value of online services and will make use of them. Building upon this data, two approaches to engagement are examined; one a national mass media led campaign whose impact upon the study region is assessed, and another at the grass roots level of local communities, where trusted community volunteers are used as facilitators for engagement. We demonstrate failure with the mass media effort, and some significant success with the grass roots engagement. However, we must conclude that the key challenge facing local authorities is not in the generation of engagement efforts in the short term, but sustaining their impact in the long term.
Power, Conflict, Commitment and the Development of Sales and Marketing IS/IT Infrastructures at Digital Devices Inc.
Authors: Butler Tom
Published: February 2013

This article explores the political relationships, power asymmetries, and conflicts surrounding the development, deployment, and governance of IT-enabled sales and marketing information systems (IS) at Digital Devices Inc. The study reports on the web of individual, group and institutional commitments and influences on the IS development and implementation processes in an organizational culture that promoted and supported user-led development. In particular, the article highlights the problems the company’s IS function encountered in implementing its ad-hoc strategies and governance policies. It will be seen that the majority of these problems occurred because of the high levels of autonomy and budgetary independence of the IT-literate, engineering-oriented business ‘communities-of-practice’ that constituted Digital Devices. The case therefore provides rare insights into the reality of IS development and IT infrastructure deployment in organizations through its in-depth description of the positive and negative influences on these processes and their outcomes.
Private retirement resorts in South Africa: Guidelines for wellness and sustainability in the long term.
Authors: Hauptfleisch Andries C.
Published: February 2013

Unsubsidised private retirement resorts in South Africa developed during the last three decades present residents with many challenges. There is no existing generally accepted knowledge base or guidelines to serve this sensitive market. The research objective was to establish which elements are experienced by residents of retirement resorts as satisfactory and which as problematic. A literature study was also undertaken. Quantitative as well as qualitative data were obtained by means of structured questionnaires, interviews and a seminar. The results reported pertain to eight resorts in the east of Pretoria, four in Bloemfontein and two in Knysna. The study is currently being extended to other centres. The quantitative data is arranged in order of the priorities set by the biggest group (Pretoria), with the other groups in comparison. So the research was based on the sourcing of quantitative and qualitative data, as well as on descriptive evaluations. The results offer insightful knowledge and guidelines towards establishing an optimal profile for the development of long-term sustainable private retirement resorts. The implications and value of this study are that both developers of retirement resorts and prospective residents are provided with guidelines to better equip them to evaluate a specific retirement resort with regard to the sustainable well- being of residents long-term.
Nitrogen fertilizer product and timing alternatives exist for forage production in the Peace region of Alberta
Authors: Karamanos R. E. , Stevenson F. C.
Published: February 2013

Karamanos, R. E. and Stevenson, F. C. 2013. Nitrogen fertilizer product and timing alternatives exist for forage production in the Peace region of Alberta. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 151–160. Four different N sources [ammonium nitrate (NIT), urea (UR), polymer-coated urea (PCU), and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide-treated urea (AGR)] were applied to stands of pure meadow bromegrass (Bromus beibersteinii L.) or a 50:50 smooth bromegrass (Bromus inermis L.)–alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) mixture in late fall and early spring at four N rates (0, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha−1) over a 3-yr (2003–2005) period. The N treatments generally increased forage responses, but the response net revenue to N treatment was rarely positive and at times was negative, especially for PCU. On average, PCU resulted in lower yield and protein concentration, lesser N efficiency, and lesser profit relative to other forms of N. This difference was more pronounced in the spring and was less notable at Rycroft, the location with the bromegrass–alfalfa mixture. Also, greater N fertilizer rates increased the yield, protein concentration, total N uptake, and profit for all fertilizer forms. The exceptions to the preceding were N fertilizer rate did not affect forage responses for PCU and at the location with the brome-alfalfa mixture. Urea or AGR provided satisfactory agronomic alternatives to ammonium nitrate when applied in early spring at sufficient rates.
Prevalence, pathogenicity and cultivar resistance of Fusarium and Rhizoctonia species causing soybean root rot
Authors: Zhang J. X. , Xue A. G. , Cober E. R. , Morrison M. J. , Zhang H. J. , Zhang S. Z. , Gregorich E.
Published: February 2013

Zhang, J. X., Xue, A. G., Cober, E. R., Morrison, M. J., Zhang, H. J., Zhang, S. Z. and Gregorich, E. 2013. Prevalence, pathogenicity and cultivar resistance of Fusarium and Rhizoctonia species causing soybean root rot. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 221–236. Root rot complex, caused by Fusarium and Rhizoctonia species, is a major soybean disease in Canada. We isolated nine Fusarium and Rhizoctonia species including F. oxysporum (Fo), F. graminearum (Fg), F. solani (Fs), F. avenaceum (Fa), F. tricinctum (Ft), F. sporotrichioides (Fsp), F. equiseti (Fe), F. poae (Fp), and R. solani (Rs) from soybean roots in eastern Ontario, Canada. The isolation results indicated that Fo was the most prevalent species while Fa, Fsp, and Fp were the least frequent species in the soybean rhizosphere. Numbers of Fo, Fs, Fg, and Rs isolates recovered from adult plant roots were significantly greater than those from seedling roots (P<0.01). The Rs, Fg and Fsp isolates were significantly more abundant in the no-till field than in the tilled field (P<0.01). Based on the greenhouse assays, Rs, Fg, and Fa were the most pathogenic species, while Fe and Fsp were the least pathogenic to soybean. The field resistance evaluation, based on the root rot severity, identified 21, 17, 30, and 3 out of 70 cultivars among the most tolerant to Fg, Fo, Fs, and Rs, respectively. A few of the cultivars showed partial resistance to multiple species, based on root rot severity and reduction in their seedling emergence, plant height, and root dry weight, but no cultivar was found to partially resist all four species. There was no correlation (P>0.05) between root rot severity and the reduction in seedling emergence, plant height, or root dry weight.
Cardale hard red spring wheat
Authors: Fox S. L. , Humphreys D. G. , Brown P. D. , McCallum B. D. , Fetch T. G. , Menzies J. G. , Gilbert J. A. , Fernandez M. R. , Despins T. , Niziol D.
Published: February 2013

Fox, S. L., Humphreys, D. G., Brown, P. D., McCallum, B. D., Fetch, T. G., Menzies, J. G., Gilbert, J. A., Fernandez, M. R., Despins, T. and Niziol, D. 2013. Cardale hard red spring wheat. Can. J. Plant Sci. 93: 307–313. Cardale is a hard red spring wheat that meets the end-use quality specifications of the Canada Western Red Spring (CWRS) class. Cardale is a semi-dwarf statured wheat with moderate resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB). Cardale is derived from the cross McKenzie/Alsen. Cardale was found to be adapted to the eastern wheat growing regions of the Canadian prairies as represented in the Central Bread Wheat Cooperative (CBWC) Registration Test in 2008, 2009 and 2010. In comparison with the check cultivars, Cardale was significantly lower yielding than Unity VB, but overall similar to McKenzie and 5603HR. Cardale matured at the same time as 5603HR, but significantly later (1.5–2.5 d) than the other check cultivars. The plant stature of Cardale was significantly shorter (7–13 cm) than all of the checks, and Cardale had significantly lower lodging scores (0.5–0.7 units) than all of the checks except for CDC Teal. The test weight of Cardale was significantly lower (0.4–0.8 kg hL−1) than that of McKenzie and Unity VB but similar to the other three checks. Cardale expressed resistance to leaf rust and stem rust and moderate resistance to FHB. Disease reactions for common bunt and loose smut were variable but suggested susceptibility and intermediate resistance, respectively. Cardale had preharvest sprouting resistance similar to the best checks McKenzie, Unity VB and 5603HR and significantly better than the poor check CDC Teal in three different determinations. The end-use suitability attributes of Cardale were within the range of the checks except for slightly higher water absorption due to slightly harder kernels (lower particle size index) that led to slightly higher starch damage which occurs during milling.
Mineral dust variability in central West Antarctica associated with ozone depletion
Authors: Cataldo M. , Evangelista H. , Simões J. C. , Godoi R. H. M. , Simmonds I. , Hollanda M. H. , Wainer I. , Aquino F. , Van Grieken R.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. We present here data of mineral dust variability retrieved from an ice core of the central West Antarctic, spanning the last five decades. Main evidence provided by the geochemical analysis is that northerly air mass incursions to the coring site, tracked by insoluble dust microparticles, have declined over the past 50 yr. This result contrasts with dust records from ice cores reported to the coastal West Antarctic that show increases since mid-20th century. We attribute this difference to regional climatic changes due to the ozone depletion and its implications to westerly winds. We found that the diameters of insoluble microparticles in the central West Antarctica ice core are significantly correlated with cyclone depth (energy) and wind intensity around Antarctica.
Intra-aggregate CO2 enrichment: a modelling approach for aerobic soils
Authors: Schlotter D. , Schack-Kirchner H.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. CO2 concentration gradients inside soil aggregates, caused by the respiration of soil microorganisms and fungal hyphae, might lead to variations in the soil solution chemistry on a mm-scale, and to an underestimation of the CO2 storage. But, up to now, there seems to be no feasible method for measuring CO2 inside natural aggregates with sufficient spatial resolution. We combined a one-dimensional model for gas diffusion in the inter-aggregate pore space with a cylinder diffusion model, simulating the consumption/production and diffusion of O2 and CO2 inside soil aggregates with air- and water-filled pores. Our model predicts that for aerobic respiration (respiratory quotient = 1) the intra-aggregate increase in the CO2 partial pressure can never be higher than 0.9 kPa for siliceous, and 0.1 kPa for calcaric aggregates, independent of the level of water-saturation. This suggests that only for siliceous aggregates CO2 produced by aerobic respiration might cause a high small-scale spatial variability in the soil solution chemistry. In calcaric aggregates, however, the contribution of carbonate species to the CO2 transport should lead to secondary carbonates on the aggregate surfaces. As regards the total CO2 storage in aerobic soils, both siliceous and calcaric, the effect of intra-aggregate CO2 gradients seems to be negligible. To assess the effect of anaerobic respiration on the intra-aggregate CO2 gradients, the development of a device for measuring CO2 on a mm-scale in soils is indispensable.
The East Asian Summer Monsoon at mid-Holocene: results from PMIP3 simulations
Authors: Zheng W. , Wu B. , He J. , Yu Y.
Published: February 2013

Abstract. Ten Coupled General Circulation Models (CGCMs) participated in the third phase of Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP3) are assessed for the East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) in both the pre-Industrial (PI, 0 ka) and mid-Holocene (MH, 6 ka) simulations. Results show that the PMIP3 model median captures well the large-scale characteristics of the EASM, including the two distinct features of the Meiyu rainbelt and the stepwise meridional displacement of the monsoonal rainbelt. At mid-Holocene, the PMIP3 model median shows significant warming (cooling) during boreal summer (winter) over Eurasia continent that are dominated by the changes of insolation. However, the PMIP3 models fail to simulate a warmer annual mean and winter surface air temperature (TAS) over eastern China as derived from proxy records. The EASM at MH are featured by the changes of large-scale circulation over Eastern China while the changes of precipitation are not significant over its sub-domains of the Southern China and the lower reaches of Yangzi River. The inter-model differences for the monsoon precipitation can be associated with different configurations of the changes in large-scale circulation and the water vapour content, of which the former determines the sign of precipitation changes. The large model spread for the TAS over Tibetan Plateau has a positive relationship with the precipitation in the lower reaches of Yangzi River, yet this relationship does not apply to those PMIP3 models in which the monsoonal precipitation is more sensitive to the changes of large-scale circulation. Except that the PMIP3 model median captured the warming of annual mean TAS over Tibetan Plateau, no significant improvements can be concluded when compared with the PMIP2 models results.
Graphene Oxide Nanosheets as Effective Friction Modifier for Oil Lubricant: Materials, Methods, and Tribological Results
Authors: Senatore Adolfo , D'Agostino Vincenzo , Petrone Vincenzo , Ciambelli Paolo , Sarno Maria
Published: February 2013

The tribological behaviour of graphene oxide nanosheets in mineral oil was investigated under a wide spectrum of conditions, from boundary and mixed lubrication to elastohydrodynamic regimes. A ball-on-disc setup tribometer has been used to verify the friction reduction due to nanosheets prepared by a modified Hummers method and dispersed in mineral oil. Their good friction and antiwear properties may possibly be attributed to their small structure and extremely thin laminated structure, which offer lower shear stress and prevent interaction between metal interfaces. Furthermore, the results clearly prove that graphene platelets in oil easily form protective film to prevent the direct contact between steel surfaces and, thereby, improve the frictional behaviour of the base oil. This evidence is also related to the frictional coefficient trend in boundary regime.
Automated Determination of Bone Age in a Modern Chinese Population
Authors: Zhang Shao-Yan , Liu Gang , Ma Chen-Guo , Han Yi-San , Shen Xun-Zhang , Xu Rui-Long , Thodberg Hans Henrik
Published: February 2013

Rationale and Objective. Large studies have previously been performed to set up a Chinese bone age reference, but it has been difficult to compare the maturation of Chinese children with populations elsewhere due to the potential variability between raters in different parts of the world. We re-analysed the radiographs from a large study of normal Chinese children using an automated bone age rating method to establish a Chinese bone age reference, and to compare the tempo of maturation in the Chinese with other populations. Materials and Methods. X-rays from 2883 boys and 3143 girls aged 2–20 years from five Chinese cities, taken in 2005, were evaluated using the BoneXpert automated method.
Results. Chinese children reached full maturity at the same age as previously studied Asian children from Los Angeles, but 0.6 years earlier than Caucasian children in Los Angeles. The Greulich-Pyle bone age method was adapted to the Chinese population creating a new bone age scale BX-China05. The standard deviation between BX-China05 and chronologic age was 1.01 years in boys aged 8–14, and 1.08 years in girls aged 7–12.
Conclusion. By eliminating rater variability, the automated method provides a reliable and efficient standard for bone age determination in China.
The International Children’s Digital Library: A Case Study in Designing for a Multilingual, Multicultural, Multigenerational Audience
Authors: Hutchinson Hilary Browne , Rose Anne , Bederson Benjamin B. , Weeks Ann Carlson , Druin Allison
Published: February 2013

The challenges encountered in building the InternationalChildren’s Digital Library (ICDL), a freely availableonline library of children’s literature are described. Thesechallenges include selecting and processing books fromdifferent countries, handling and presenting multiplelanguages simultaneously, and addressing cultural differences. Unlike other digital libraries that present content from one or a few languages and cultures, and focuson either adult or child audiences, ICDL must serve amultilingual, multicultural, multigenerational audience.The research is presented as a case study for addressingthese design criteria; current solutions and plans forfuture work are described.
What Is Usability in the Context of the Digital Library and How Can It Be Measured
Authors: Jeng Judy
Published: February 2013

This paper reviews how usability has been defined in the context of the digital library, what methods have been applied and their applicability, and proposes an evaluation model and a suite of instruments for evaluating usability for academic digital libraries. The model examines effectiveness, efficiency, satisfaction, and learnability. It is found that there exists an interlocking relationship among effectiveness, efficiency, and satisfaction. It also examines how learnability interacts with these three attributes.
Building Digital Heritage with Teamwork Empowerment
Authors: Liu Jyi-Shane , Tseng Mu-Hsi , Huang Tze-Kai
Published: February 2013

Building digital heritage requires substantial resources in materials, expertise, tools, and cost. Government and university projects are limited in the time and space they can devote to covering even a small part of the world’s heritage. The preservation coverage problem is most serious in areas where sources of intellectual and cultural heritage may diminish or disappear over time. A central notion that helps resolve these issues is to make it easier for digital technology to reach sources of valuable heritage. The authors propose an approach to exploit noninstitutional resources for wider participation and inclusion in digital-heritage endeavors. The approach attempts to copy the techniques of institutional digital-heritage work while bringing together noninstitutional resources and providing standard practice.
Electronic Resources and Web Sites: Replacing a Back-end Database with Innovative's Electronic Resource Management
Authors: Tull Laura
Published: February 2013

In the fall of 2002, Ohio State University along with the University of Washington, the University of Western Australia, Washington State University, and Glasgow University entered into a development partnership with Innovative Interfaces. The goal was to develop a module to manage electronic resources, integrated into Innovative’s Millennium library system. The product, Electronic Resource Management (ERM), became available in 2004 and is based on the work of the Digital Library Federation Electronic Resources Management Initiative. This article focuses on one aspect of ERM, the integration of the module with the Web OPAC, and describes how the Ohio State University Libraries replaced a back-end database with ERM to support lists of electronic resources on their Web site.
Voice Recognition Technology: Has It Come of Age?
Authors: Zumalt Joseph R.
Published: February 2013

Voice recognition software allows computer users to bypass their keyboards and use their voices to enter text. While the library literature is somewhat silent about voice recognition technology, the medical and legal communities have reported some success using it. Voice recognition software was tested for dictation accuracy and usability within an agriculture library at the University of Illinois. Dragon NaturallySpeaking 8.0 was found to be more accurate than speech recognition within Microsoft Office 2003. Helpful Web sites and a short history regarding this breakthrough technology are included.
Google Scholar and 100 Percent Availability of Information
Authors: Pomerantz Jeffrey
Published: February 2013

This paper discusses Google Scholar as an extension of Kilgour’s goal to improve the availability of information. Kilgour was instrumental in the early development of the online library catalog, and he proposed passage retrieval to aid in information seeking. Google Scholar is a direct descendent of these technologies foreseen by Kilgour. Google Scholar holds promise as a means for libraries to expand their reach to new user communities, and to enable libraries to provide quality resources to users during their online search process.
Toward a Twenty-First Century Catalog
Authors: Antelman Kristen , Lynema Emily , Pace Andrew K.
Published: February 2013

Library catalogs have represented stagnant technology for close to twenty years. Moving toward a next-generation catalog, North Carolina State University (NCSU) Libraries purchased Endeca’s Information Access Platform to give its users relevance-ranked keyword search results and to leverage the rich metadata trapped in the MARC record to enhance collection browsing. This paper discusses the new functionality that has been enabled, the implementation process and system architecture, assessment of the new catalog’s performance, and future directions.
Helping the Hacker? Library Information, Security, and Social Engineering
Authors: Thompson Samuel T. C.
Published: February 2013

Social engineering is the use of nontechnical means to gain unauthorized access to information or computer systems. While this method is recognized as a major security threat in the computer industry, little has been done to address it in the library field. This is of particular concern because libraries increasingly have access to databases of both proprietary and personal information. This tutorial is designed to increase the awareness of library staff in regard to the issue of social engineering.
Assessing Sufficiency and Quality of Bandwidth for Public Libraries
Authors: Bertot John Carlo , McClure Charles R.
Published: February 2013

Based on data collected as part of the 2006 Public Libraries and the Internet study, the authors assess the degree to which public libraries provide sufficient and quality bandwidth to support the library’s networked services and resources. The topic is complex due to the arbitrary assignment of a number of kilobytes per second (kbps) used to define bandwidth. Such arbitrary definitions to describe bandwidth sufficiency and quality are not useful. Public libraries are indeed connected to the Internet and do provide public-access services and resources. It is, however, time to move beyond connectivity type and speed questions and consider issues of bandwidth sufficiency, quality, and the range of networked services that should be available to the public from public libraries. A secondary, but important issue is the extent to which libraries, particularly in rural areas, have access to broadband telecommunications services.
The Structure and Form of Folksonomy Tags: The Road to the Public Library Catalog
Authors: Spiteri Louise F.
Published: February 2013

This article examines the linguistic structure of folksonomy tags collected over a thirty-day period from the daily tag logs of Del.icio.us, Furl, and Technorati. The tags were evaluated against the National Information Standards Organization (NISO) guidelines for the construction of controlled vocabularies. The results indicate that the tags correspond closely to the NISO guidelines pertaining to types of concepts expressed, the predominance of single terms and nouns, and the use of recognized spelling. Problem areas pertain to the inconsistent use of count nouns and the incidence of ambiguous tags in the form of homographs, abbreviations, and acronyms. With the addition of guidelines to the construction of unambiguous tags and links to useful external reference sources, folksonomies could serve as a powerful, flexible tool for increasing the user-friendliness and interactivity of public library catalogs, and also may be useful for encouraging other activities, such as informal online communities of readers and user-driven readers’ advisory services.
ThManager: An Open Source Tool for Creating and Visualizing SKOS
Authors: Lacasta Javier , Nogueras-Iso Javier , López-Pellicer Francisco Javier , Muro-Medrano Pedro Rafail , Zarazaga-Soria Francisco Javier
Published: February 2013

Knowledge organization systems denotes formally represented knowledge that is used within the context of digital libraries to improve data sharing and information retrieval. To increase their use, and to reuse them when possible, it is vital to manage them adequately and to provide them in a standard interchange format. Simple knowledge organization systems (SKOS) seem to be the most promising representation for the type of knowledge models used in digital libraries, but there is a lack of tools that are able to properly manage it. This work presents a tool that fills this gap, facilitating their use in different environments and using SKOS as an interchange format.
Public Libraries, Values, Trust, and E-Government
Authors: Jaeger Paul T. , Fleischmann Kenneth R.
Published: February 2013

As public libraries are becoming e-government access points relied on by both patrons and government agencies, it is important for libraries to consider the implications of these roles. While providing e-government access serves to reinforce the tremendously important role of public libraries in the United States social infrastructure, it also creates new demands on libraries and opens up significant new opportunities. Drawing upon several different strands of research, this paper examines the nexus of public libraries, values, trust, and e-government, focusing on the ways in which the values of librarianship and the trust that communities place in their public libraries reinforce the role of public libraries in the provision of e-government. The unique values embraced by public libraries have not only shaped the missions of libraries, they have influenced popular opinion surrounding public libraries and fostered the confidence that communities place in them as a source of trusted information and assistance in finding information. As public libraries have embraced the provision of Internet access, these values and trust have become intertwined with their new social role as a public access point for e-government both in normal information activities and in the most extreme circumstances. This paper explores the intersections of these issues and the relation of the vital e-government role of public libraries to library funding, public policy, library and information science education, and research initiatives.
Gender, Technology, and Libraries
Authors: Lamont Melissa
Published: February 2013

Information technology (IT) is vitally important to many organizations, including libraries. Yet a review of employment statistics and a citation analysis show that men make up the majority of the IT workforce, in libraries and in the broader workforce. Research from sociology, psychology, and women’s studies highlights the organizational and social issues that inhibit women. Understanding why women are less evident in library IT positions will help inform measures to remedy the gender disparity.
The New User Environment: The End of Technical Services?
Authors: Eden Bradford Lee
Published: February 2013

The New User Environment: The End of Technical Services?
Metadata Creation Practices in Digital Repositories and Collections: Schemata, Selection Criteria, and Interoperability
Authors: Park Jung-ran , Tosaka Yuji
Published: February 2013

This study explores the current state of metadata-creation practices across digital repositories and collections by using data collected from a nationwide survey of mostly cataloging and metadata professionals. Results show that MARC, AACR2, and LCSH are the most widely used metadata schema, content standard, and subjectcontrolled vocabulary, respectively. Dublin Core (DC) is the second most widely used metadata schema, followed by EAD, MODS, VRA, and TEI. Qualified DC’s wider use vis-à-vis Unqualified DC (40.6 percent versus 25.4 percent) is noteworthy. The leading criteria in selecting metadata and controlled-vocabulary schemata are collection-specific considerations, such as the types of resources, nature of the collection, and needs of primary users and communities. Existing technological infrastructure and staff expertise also are significant factors contributing to the current use of metadata schemata and controlled vocabularies for subject access across distributed digital repositories and collections. Metadata interoperability remains a major challenge. There is a lack of exposure of locally created metadata and metadata guidelines beyond the local environments. Homegrown locally added metadata elements may also hinder metadata interoperability across digital repositories and collections when there is a lack of sharable mechanisms for locally defined extensions and variants.
Batch Loading Collections into DSpace: Using Perl Scripts for Automation and Quality Control
Authors: Walsh Maureen P.
Published: February 2013

This paper describes batch loading workflows developed for the Knowledge Bank, The Ohio State University’s institutional repository. In the five years since the inception of the repository approximately 80 percent of the items added to the Knowledge Bank, a DSpace repository, have been batch loaded. Most of the batch loads utilized Perl scripts to automate the process of importing metadata and content files. Custom Perl scripts were used to migrate data from spreadsheets or comma-separated values files into the DSpace archive directory format, to build collections and tables of contents, and to provide data quality control. Two projects are described to illustrate the process and workflows.
L’injonction à être soi-même : entre quête de singularité et standardisation
Authors: Le Bart Christian
Published: February 2013

L’injonction à être soi-même constitue une norme essentielle au sein des sociétés contemporaines. Dans un contexte de relatif déclin des identités prescrites, chacun est incité à effectuer un travail identitaire spécifique afin de découvrir une supposée identité vraie. Celle-ci, véritable mythologie de notre temps, est pensée comme tout à la fois substantialisée, cachée, et singulière. D’où l’importance des expériences identitaires par lesquelles les individus tentent de s’en approcher. On s’intéressera ici plus particulièrement, à partir d’une enquête sur les fans des Beatles, à la musique en tant que support identitaire spécifique.
Instances audiovisuelles françaises et programmation : la place des études sur la représentation des minorités ethniques à la télévision
Authors: Ghosn Catherine
Published: February 2013

Associer « représentation de la diversité ethnique » et « télévision » dans une juste mesure ne relève-t-il pas d’une impossibilité? Pour répondre à cette question, nous considérons d’abord les fondements scientifiques, souvent venus de l’étranger, qui ont déterminé la prise en compte d’objets « hors normes », différents de ceux habituellement traités en sciences sociales. En France, ces recherches restent majoritairement limitées au domaine universitaire et scientifique. Il faut attendre l’année 2000 puis l’année 2008 pour consulter les deux études menées par des chercheurs et destinées à des instances audiovisuelles. Quelles répercussions ces démarches et résultats scientifiques ont-ils concrètement sur la politique télévisuelle? Nous nous appuyons sur deux rapports rédigés par les instances audiovisuelles françaises pour évaluer dans quelles mesures ces intentions modifient effectivement le paysage audiovisuel.
Polymorphisme et dissimulation du narratif dans La mémoire tatouée d’Abdelkébir Khatibi
Authors: Hél-Bongo Olga
Published: February 2013

Dans La mémoire tatouée, Abdelkébir Khatibi subvertit le réel en le tressant au rêve, au fantasme et au drame, d’où l’enchâssement de plusieurs genres dans le roman (essai, poésie, théâtre). Essai et roman mettent en scène l’aliénation du colonisé et d’une génération entière, déracinée, et donc rivée à un double langage. La tentative du je consiste à représenter l’intellectuel colonisé pour s’insurger contre sa propre aliénation. L’autobiographie se dit par éclatement et par cris. Son analyse nécessite une bonne connaissance de la trajectoire de l’auteur afin de situer la prise de parole de l’écrivain dans le cadre de sa deixis sociale. Le présent article examine donc le parcours intellectuel de Khatibi en matière de dispositions, de positions et de prises de positions en vue de saisir le portrait autobiographique tel que transfiguré par l’auteur et par la tricherie de l’écriture.
L’humour dans les romans d’Alain Mabanckou et d’Azouz Begag : de l’autodérision à la singularité
Authors: Lajri Nadra
Published: February 2013

Si l’humour est destiné à divertir et à amuser, son usage permet également de révéler un point de vue, de critiquer une situation, de se démarquer d’un discours considéré comme conformiste, réactionnaire et inacceptable, et d’interpeler le lecteur dont la complicité active est suscitée par les affirmations et les « non-dit » de l’oeuvre.

L’humour qui se déploie dans les oeuvres d’Alain Mabanckou et d’Azouz Begag est particulier à chacun des auteurs ; il constitue leur « marque » d’écriture et souligne ainsi leur singularité d’écrivain. C’est cette singularité, implicitement revendiquée, qui constitue l’ambiguïté de leur discours où sont mises en évidence à la fois une sorte d’autodérision et une autosatisfaction. C’est ce que ces réflexions tenteront de cerner à travers quelques références ponctuelles aux oeuvres des deux écrivains.
Trois K marocains de la modernité comme nécessité
Authors: Belhabib Assia
Published: February 2013

À y regarder de près, les ouvrages des écrivains marocains Mohammed Khaïr-Eddine (1941-1995), Abdelkébir Khatibi (1938-2009) et Abdelfattah Kilito (né en 1945) se déterminent sous le signe de la modernité nécessaire tant sur le plan de l’écriture que du point de vue de la singularité de chacun des auteurs dans les thématiques abordées et dans le mélange des genres littéraires. Oeuvres complexes, denses, pluridisciplinaires dans lesquelles les écrivains pratiquent une expérience limite du langage. Cette habilité, des années durant, à puiser dans la bibliothèque du monde et à découper des plans de cultures, est tendue par le souci de dire autrement la littérature. Khaïr-Eddine a consacré toute sa vie à la dissidence linguistique, chassant sur la page d’écriture la langue du colonisateur et créant son propre dialecte pour dénoncer toute forme d’aliénation et de servitude. Khatibi exalte dans ses récits la force du voyageur professionnel comme promesse de dialogue et d’aimance. Kilito revisite les poètes arabes anciens à la lumière des littératures européennes et renouvelle la lecture des Mille et une nuits, oeuvre intemporelle, universelle et inachevée. C’est à ces questions, plus philosophiques que simplement rhétoriques, que nous convient ces auteurs qui tentent d’inscrire la modernité au-delà d’une géographie, d’une époque ou d’une culture à partir d’une langue d’écriture : le français.
Texte, contexte et interprétation : visées et modalités du récit de témoignage d’Esther Mujawayo dans SurVivantes
Authors: Sagarra Catalina
Published: February 2013

Cet article analyse les spécificités discursives du récit de témoignage d’Esther Mujawayo, SurVivantes, compte tenu des circonstances de production de ce texte. Si R. Dulong a défini les caractéristiques du témoignage, reste pourtant à explorer comment la culture modèle la praxis testimoniale, grâce, entre autres, au métalangage utilisé pour arrimer le lecteur à un horizon culturel autre, à une syntaxe dont il est parfois difficile de déterminer si elle répond aux exigences du récit testimonial ou à l’expression d’une culture où l’oralité a encore une large part, ou à la variabilité d’un sujet témoignant qui peut renvoyer à maintes instances indirectement présentes ou convoquées dans le discours.
Distribution of cesium-137 in reindeer
Authors: Rissanen Kristina , Rahola Tua , Aro Pauli
Published: February 2013

The influence of the Chernobyl accident in 1986 on the Finnish reindeer herding area was much smaller than the effects of the nuclear bomb tests in the 1960s. Only in one small area somewhat more Cs-137 was deposited than in the rest of the reindeer herding area. From that area 20 reindeer were chosen for investigation of the distribution of Cs-137. All tissues, organs, the skeleton, digestive tract, hide, head and hooves were sampled quantitatively. Three reindeer were pregnant and also the foetuses were studied. The Cs-137 amounts were determined by gammaspectrometric measurements. The results showed that the differences in the Cs-137 concentrations between muscle tissue from different parts of an individual reindeer were not more than 10 percent. Thus it is not essential from which part of the reindeer meat samples for surveillance purposes are taken. The concentration of Cs-137 in edible tissues other than muscle was lower except in the kidneys and scapula cartilage.
Experimental infection of reindeer with bovine viral diarrhea virus
Authors: Morton J.K. , Evermann J.F. , Dieterich R.A.
Published: February 2013

Two 8-month reindeer (Rangifer tarandus) and a 1-month-old Hereford-Holstein calf (Bos taurus) were inoculated intranasally with the Singer (cytopathogenic) strain of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) virus. Clinical signs in reindeer included loose stools containing blood and mucus, and transient laminitis or coronitis. Signs in the calf were limited to bloody mucus in the stool and lesions in the nasal mucosa. Antibody titers to BVD virus in the reindeer were intermittent, and titers in the calf persisted from days 14 to 63 post-inoculation (PI). Viremia was detected on PI day 4 in one reindeer, days 3-7 in the other, and days 2-7 in the calf. Bovine viral diarrhea virus was isolated from the lung of the calf at necropsy (PI day 63).
Reindeer lichen productivity: Problems and possibilities
Authors: Sveinbjörnsson Bjartmar
Published: February 2013

Reindeer lichens are important in the structure and function of tundra and taiga ecosystems, as exemplified by cover values, biomass, mineral content, and effect on other ecosystem components. They are particularly important for winter ecology of reindeer and caribou which largely relay on them. Growth measurement is difficult due to the very slow rate and the methods that have been used are not sufficiently documented, precise, or appropriate. Use of carbon dioxide exchange models, coupled with models of lichen microclimate and water relations, based on microclimatic data are suggested as alternatives for land managers. The assumptions of such models are discussed and the performance of mixed species lichen mats and of the lichen CO2 environment and its effect on lichen CO2 exchange.
Lichen ranges, animal densities and production in Finnish reindeer management
Authors: Helle T. , Kilpelä S.-S. , Aikio P.
Published: February 2013

In the 1970s, mean lichen biomass ranged by the earmark districts (comprising of 2-9 adjacent herding associations) between 54 kg and 380 kg DM per ha correlating negatively with animal density per lichen ranges (range 1.5 - 14.3 ind. per km2). Biomasses were far below economic carrying capacity of lichen ranges (900 kg DM per ha). The condition of lichen ranges was poorest in the southern half of the area where alternative food to reindeer lichens (Deschampsia flexuosa, arboreal lichens and supplementary feeding) was available. In 1980-86, recruitment (calves per 100 females) was 33% higher than in the 1970's, on an average (65 vs. 49), despite a 90% increase in animal numbers between 1970 and 1986; recruitment has not been dependent on the condition of lichen ranges. The increase in production has been some higher than expected on the basis of animal numbers. The reasons for the increasing trends in animal numbers, recruitment and production remains some unclear, but they may include favorable winter conditions, supplementary feeding, medical treatment against parasites and proper harvesting policy.
Managing second-growth forests as caribou habitat
Authors: Stevenson Susan K.
Published: February 2013

Habitat management for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) in southeastern British Columbia has generally focussed on protecting old-growth forests from logging. As that strategy becomes more difficult to maintain, biologists are beginning to explore opportunities to manage second-growth stands to provide arboreal lichens and other habitat resources important to caribou. Special harvesting and stand management practices are being developed and formulated into strategies for maintaining caribou populations in managed stands.
Population dynamics of reindeer
Authors: Baskin L. M.
Published: February 2013

Five types of reindeer populations are distinguished in terms of population dynamics, population density, social structure and migration distance. Differences in the biological rhythms of the populations result in calving occuring 20 days before snow melting in all populations as well as maximal utilization by the deer of young green vegetation in summer. The growth of antlers may serve as a regulatior of biological rhytms. Populations differ in the level of social motivation. Formation of groups of not less than 30-35 animals ensures cooperative protection from insects and management of the group by man. The fidelity to the calving sites, summer ranges and constant migration routes is based on the common orientation reactions of the animals and social attraction. The direction and migration routes are detemined by obligate learning. The dynamics of populations depends on the fertility of 2 and 3 year old females which is determined by feeding conditions in summer and the activity of males during the rut. Migration plays an important role in the population dynamics.
Hoof and foot loads for reindeer (Rangifer tarandus)
Authors: Nieminen Mauri
Published: February 2013

Hoof and foot measurements and body weights were taken from 60 living semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L.) (8 female and 13 male calves, 10 young females (age 2 yrs), 9 young males (age 2-3 yrs) and 20 adult hinds) at the Kaamanen Reindeer Research Station during the winter 1988. The outline of the hooves and the feet (hoof + dew claws) from front and hind legs were drawn when pressed down on a hard substrate in a natural position. Measurements were taken also from foot prints of 26 wild forest reindeer (R. t. fennicus Ldnn.) (7 calves, 11 hinds and 8 stags) made on hard snow surfaces in Kuhmo and Salamajarvi national park during 1985-88. Reindeer had bigger hooves and feet on front than on hind legs, and male calves had bigger hooves and feet than female calves. Hoof and foot areas of wild forest reindeer (means 74.6 and 200.3 cm2 for calves, 79.4 and 230.4 cm2 for hinds and 83.6 and 258.6 cm2 for stags) were bigger than those of semi-domesticated reindeer (means, front legs, 60.9 and 165.3 cm2 for calves and 78.9 and 214.1 cm2 for hinds, respectively). There were significant correlations between live weight and hoof areas (r=0.839 and 0.792), between live weight and foot areas in front and hind legs (r = 0.714 and 0.664) and between live weight and foot area when supported by 4 legs (r = 0.726) in semi-domesticated reindeer. Load on ground and foot load in semi-domesticated reindeer when supported by 4 legs were 235 and 85 g/cm2 in calves and 268 and 102 g/cm2 in hinds.
Ultrastructure of Besnoitia cysts from reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus L)
Authors: Hilali Mosaad , Rehbinder Claes , Nikkilä Tapio
Published: February 2013

The ultrastructure pf Besnoitia cysts in reindeer is described. The observations made on Besnoitia cysts and merozoites indicate a form distinct enough to be placed in a new species - Besnoitia tarandi.
What has made deer farming in New Zealand so successful? The importance of venison quality, understanding the industry, the market and the biology of the animals
Authors: Pearse A. J.
Published: February 2013

In summarising these aspects of success within the NZ deer industry we can note: (1) NZ traditional farming skills of pasture based production have been readily adapted to deer farming. (2) The industry has grown with strength through the diversity of its participants, leading farmers, innovative researchers, business investors and leaders and the NZDFA and its membership. All are united in their determination that market signals, rather than farm production demands should shape the development of venison supply and presentation. (3) The frank and rapid exchange of research results, farmer innovation, market information and exchange of experience and ideas within the industry. (4) The overwhelming commitment to quality production. Biologically, deer has their own contributing attributes: (a) they are intelligent and easy to farm; (b) they are efficient converters of pasture and supplements to venison or to progeny; (c) they thrive throughout NZ varied agricultural terrain on native grasses or improved pasture, and have a healthy and long productive life; (d) they have enormous climatic and environmental tolerance, a defined breeding season and predictable calving pattern; (e) they are immensely seasonal, and now, when feeding and breeding requirements are well understood in terms of that seasonality, productive growth targets are readily set and achieved to accommodate the market signal; (f) they are simple to manage with a minimum of labour and physical inputs.