bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Immediate effects of the practise of Sheethali pranayama on heart rate and blood pressure parameters in healthy volunteers
Authors: Rohini P. , Roopa S. , Padmavathi R. , Maheshkumar K.
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Sheetali pranayama, a cooling pranayama is best known for its calming and relaxing nature, widely used for many conditions like depression, anxiety and hypertension. The aim of the study was to evaluate the immediate effect of the practice of Sheetali pranayama on heart rate and blood pressure parameters in healthy volunteers.

Methods

Apparently, 60 healthy volunteers were involved, from both sexes. They were split into pranayama (n=30) and control (n=30) groups at random. Sheetali pranayama was performed for 5 min (5 cycles) in the pranayama group and normal breathing (12–16 breaths/min) was permitted in the control group. Heart rate (HR) and blood pressure (BP) were recorded with RMS polyrite in the supine position after 5 min of rest.

Results

The HR in the pranayama group significantly decreased (p=0.04). Systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood (DBP) pressure, pulse pressure (PP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) decreased significantly (p<0.05) relative to control after pranayama practice. Pre-Post inter-group results has also shown that the pranayama group has substantially decreased HR and BP indices.

Conclusions

Present study shows that the practice of Sheetlai pranayama creates a relaxed state, and parasympathetic activity overrides sympathetic activity in this state. It indicates that in healthy volunteers, pranayama strengthens the resting cardiovascular parameters.
Ethanolic extract of Achillea wilhelmsii C. Koch improves pulmonary function and inflammation in LPS-induced acute lung injury mice
Authors: Honari Niloofar , Shaban Parastoo , Nasseri Saeed , Hosseini Mehran
Published: May 2021

Objectives

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a life-threatening pulmonary dysfunction associated with severe inflammation. There are still no effective pharmacological therapies for the treatment of ALI. In this concern, several anti-inflammatory agents could be used as add-on therapy to inhibit inflammation. Achillea wilhelmsii (AW) C. Koch is a well-known medicinal plant in the Iranian ethnomedical practices with anti-inflammatory activity. This study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of ethanolic extract of AW on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI in mice.

Methods

The ALI model was established via the intra-tracheal (i.t.) administration of LPS (2 mg/kg) to male BALB/c mice. The ALI mice were divided into four groups (n=8 each) which intra-peritoneally (i.p.) treated with repeated doses of saline (model), dexamethasone (2 mg/kg), and AW (150–300 mg/kg) 1, 11 and 23 h post LPS administration. Twenty-four hours after the LPS challenge, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissue were evaluated for inflammatory cell influx, level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and histopathological changes.

Results

The AW (150–300 mg/kg) treated mice showed lower inflammatory cells infiltration in BALF and TNF-α level when compared to the model group. In addition, LPS induced several pathological alterations such as edema, alveolar hemorrhage and inflammatory cell infiltration into the interstitium and alveolar spaces. Treatment with AW significantly reduced LPS-induced pathological injury.

Conclusions

Taken together, the data here indicated that AW may be considered as a promising add-on therapy for ALI.
“I am not that I play” – The use of hypercorrection in the performance of gender by Shakespeare’s ‘breeches’ parts
Authors: Birchfield Alexandra , Coto-Solano Rolando
Published: May 2021

This study uses variationist sociolinguistic methodology to explore the construction of gender in four of Shakespeare’s comedies. Gender performance is at issue in these plays specifically, not only because, in Shakespeare’s time at least, young male actors play the female roles, but also because each play contains a female character in male disguise. By analysing and comparing the patterns of variation used by Shakespeare’s female, male and “female as male” characters, this study provides further insight into Shakespeare’s construction and conceptualisation of gender. Further, by comparing the patterns of gender variation found in these plays with non-fiction data on the gendered variation of the period (Nevalainen, Terttu & Helena Raumolin-Brunberg. 2003.Historical sociolinguistics. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.), it is possible to investigate how accurately Shakespeare captures the sociolinguistic variation present in his society. This study hopes to provide support both for the validity of using sociolinguistic methods to study literature but also for using data from literature in studies of historical sociolinguistic variation and change.
Effect of osteopathic manipulative treatment on pulmonary function testing in children with asthma
Authors: Jones LaQuita M. , Regan Christopher , Wolf Kimberly , Bryant Jenifer , Rakowsky Alexander , Pe Melissa , Snyder Dane A.
Published: May 2021

Context

Asthma is a leading cause of pediatric chronic illness, and poor disease control can lead to decreased quality of life and impaired academic performance. Although osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) has been shown to have positive effects on pulmonary function in adult patient populations, less is known about its impact in children.

Objectives

To evaluate changes in pulmonary function testing (PFT) in pediatric patients on the same day they received OMT compared with PFT in those who received usual care.

Methods

We recruited patients between the ages of 7–18 years with a diagnosis of asthma who were receiving routine care at a primary care asthma clinic and had undergone baseline spirometry. Patients were excluded if they met any of the following criteria: clinical indication for pre- and postbronchodilator spirometry on the day of their visit, albuterol use in the last 8 hours, oral steroid use in the previous 2 weeks, or diagnosis of asthma exacerbation in the previous 4 weeks. Eligible patients were then randomized to either an OMT or a control group. Patients in the OMT group were treated with rib raising and suboccipital release in addition to standard asthma care, while control group patients received standard care only. A second PFT was performed for patients in both groups at the end of the visit. OMT was performed by multiple osteopathic pediatric residents specifically trained for this study. Change in spirometry results (forced vital capacity [FVC], forced expiration volume in 1 second [FEV1], FVC/FEV1, and forced expiratory flow 25–75%) were then compared.

Results

The study population included 58 patients: 31 (53.4%) were assigned to the OMT group and 27 (46.6%) were assigned to the standard of care group. Patients who received OMT had greater improvement in all spirometry values compared to the usual group; however, these changes were not statistically significant.

Conclusions

The benefits of OMT on short term spirometry results in pediatric asthma patients remain unclear.
Application of the polycaprolactone polymer for the encapsulation of geraniol: evaluation of the efficiency and stability
Authors: Carniel Thaís Karoline , Fagundes Pâmela , Vivan Ana Carolina , Silva Luciano Luiz , Zanetti Micheli , Dalcanton Francieli , de Mello Josiane Maria Muneron , Fiori Márcio Antônio
Published: May 2021

Geraniol has been an attractive compound for food preservation due to its antibacterial and antifungal actions. The main objective of this study was to produce and characterize polycaprolactone (PCL) capsules for the protection of the encapsulated geraniol essential oil. The encapsulation was carried out using a miniemulsion polymerization technique with an efficiency of (95.44 ± 0.60%). The capsules were obtained with a mean size of 148 nm and with a polydispersity index of 0.12. Transmission electron microscopy results confirmed the formation of spherical capsules of PCL coating the geraniol. From the analysis of thermogravimetry, it was possible to prove the thermal protection of geraniol by PCL coating since the release of the encapsulated geraniol occurred with temperatures 100 °C higher than the volatilization temperature of the natural compound. An important observation was that the microcapsules of PCL-geraniol immersed in aqueous suspensions at 4 °C showed good stability over 60 days.
Effiziente Schätzung des Ego-Fahrstreifens auf RGB-Sequenzen für Mikromobilitätssysteme
Authors: Peter Rebekka Charlotte , Song Yuduo , Ng Yew Hon , Lauer Martin
Published: May 2021

In dieser Arbeit wird eine effiziente Methode zur Schätzung der Ego-Fahrstreifen vorgestellt. Das System ist ausgelegt auf die Anwendung für Mikromobilitätssysteme wie E-Fahrräder, E-Scooter oder E-Dreiräder und basiert auf Sequenzen von RGB-Bildern, die aus der Fahrerperspektive aufgenommen werden. Um die Grenzen verschiedener Fahrbahntypen, insbesondere Fußwegen, Radwegen und Straßen, robust zu detektieren, wird ein gradientenbasierter Kantendetektor mit einem Farbsegmentierungansatz kombiniert. Sowohl geometrische Gegebenheiten als auch zeitliche Inferenz werden genutzt, um die Schätzung zu optimieren, insbesondere in schwierigen Fällen wie Kurven. Dabei ist insbesondere die dynamische Schätzung des Fluchtpunkts mithilfe des Optischen Flusses zwischen zwei aufeinanderfolgenden Bildern von Bedeutung. Tests mit zwei Aufnahmesetups und drei verschiedenen Aufrahmeraten zeigen, dass der Ego-Fahrstreifen in den meisten Fällen mit hoher Genauigkeit detektiert und in Kurven passend approximiert wird. Dies wird von der quantitative Evaluation anhand von über 2000 Testbildern bestätigt, die eine IoU von 75,28 % ergibt. Eine Performanz von 12 fps auf einem Raspberry Pi 3 zeigt zudem, dass die Methode wenig rechenintensiv ist, was als Vorraussetzung für die Anwendung in der Mikromobilität gilt.
A Review on Toxicity and Challenges in Transferability of Surface-functionalized Metallic Nanoparticles from Animal Models to Humans
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Arif , Yousuf Rabia Ismail , Shoaib Muhammad Harris , Asghar Muhammad Asif , Mumtaz Nazish
Published: May 2021

The unique size and surface morphology of nanoparticles (NPs) have substantially influenced all aspects of human life, making nanotechnology a novel and promising field for various applications in biomedical sciences. Metallic NPs have gained immense interest over the last few decades due to their promising optical, electrical, and biological properties. However, the aggregation and the toxic nature of these NPs have restricted their utilization in more optimized applications. The optimum selection of biopolymers and biological macromolecules for surface functionalization of metallic NPs will significantly improve their biological applicability and biocompatibility. The present mini-review attempts to stress the overview of recent strategies involved in surface functionalization of metallic NPs, their specific biomedical applications, and comparison of their in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo toxicities with non-functionalized metallic NPs. In addition, this review also discusses the various challenges for metallic NPs to undergo human clinical trials.
The Influence of Similarity and Mimicry on Decisions to Trust
Authors: Clerke Alexa S. , Heerey Erin A.
Published: May 2021

Research on trust development has generally focused on how similarities between people influence trust allocation. However, similarity in interests and beliefs, which underpins trust development and may be critical to relationship success, is seldom apparent upon initial interaction and thus may not be a primary predictor of initial trust decisions. Here we ask how mimicry, a visible social cue, affects trust decisions alongside similarity. We used a “chat-room” style task to independently manipulate the degree to which participants were similar to a set of avatars and the degree to which those avatars displayed mimicry. We then assessed trust decisions in both financial and social domains. Our results show that together with similarity, mimicry is an important independent predictor of trust decisions. This work has implications for understanding how and when trust is allocated, as well how to facilitate successful interactions.
When ‘Scientists Say’ Coffee Is Good for You One Day and Bad for You the Next: Do Generic Attributions to ‘Scientists’ and ‘Experts’ Amplify Perceived Conflict?
Authors: Haigh Matthew , Birch Hope A.
Published: May 2021

News consumers are frequently exposed to seemingly conflicting claims about the risks or benefits of activities such as eating meat and drinking coffee, which can lead to confusion and backlash against expert advice. One factor that may artificially inflate perceived conflict is the tendency for news headlines to generically attribute such claims to ‘Scientists’, ‘Experts’ or ‘Researchers’. This can create the perception that scientific consensus frequently changes, with ‘experts’ saying one thing one day (e.g., “Fasting diet could regenerate pancreas and reverse diabetes, researchers say”) and another the next (“Fasting diets may raise risk of diabetes, researchers warn”). We predicted that hedging news headlines with the qualifier ‘some’ (e.g., …some researchers say) would reduce perceived contradiction and backlash by triggering the scalar inference “some but not all…”. We presented participants with a series of conflicting headlines or non-conflicting headlines about health and nutrition. These were presented in either their original generic format (e.g., Researchers say…) or in a qualified format (e.g., Some researchers say…). Those that saw conflicting headlines felt they were more contradictory, more confusing and resulted in us knowing less about how to be healthy than those who saw the non-conflicting headlines (Experiment 1, N=294). In Experiment 2 (N=400), the same conflict manipulation had no effect on more general beliefs about nutrition or the development of science. When our conflict manipulation did affect beliefs (Experiment 1) the effect of conflict was not moderated by headline format. Our results suggest that replacing generic consensus claims (e.g., Researchers say…) with qualified consensus claims (e.g., Some researchers say…) does not reduce the perceived contradiction and confusion that are typically associated with conflicting news reports.
Transformation Toward Sustainability on a Costa Rican Coffee Farm
Authors: Häger Achim , Little Mary , Amel Elise , Calderón Gabriel
Published: May 2021

This case study examines how smallholder coffee producers can overcome the economic and environmental challenges from dominant production structures of agrochemical application and the sale of unprocessed beans at low, market-determined prices. This study is guided by the questions posed by local coffee farmers themselves: How can one successfully shift away from wasteful and harmful practices to those that support the health of the family, community, and environment? We track how El Toledo Coffee Farm in Costa Rica has harnessed natural systems and knowledge sharing, facilitated by international travel to transform challenges into opportunities. Here, we highlight how this family-run coffee farm has (1) implemented agroecological methods, (2) harnessed economic benefits of processing organic coffee and developing innovative products from coffee fruits, and (3) examine psychological factors that have made these transformations possible. By examining the development of integrated coffee production from three distinct academic perspectives, we found that mental flexibility and receptiveness to new ideas, combined with an appreciation of sustainable, traditional practices and values, have spawned various beneficial agroecological practices. These ideas and practices were often initiated by interactions with visitors to the farm, supporting the idea that globalization can foster sustainable food systems and promote collective ecological action through knowledge transfer and shared concern for local environments and communities. The mentality of embracing challenges as opportunities to invest in healthy soils and agroforestry and expand their business model by offering tours and varied products replicates ecological resilience attained through diversity.
Na+/I− symporter expression, function, and regulation in non-thyroidal tissues and impact on thyroid cancer therapy
Authors: Jhiang Sissy M , Sipos Jennifer A
Published: May 2021

For the past 80 years, radioiodine (131I) has been used to ablate thyroid tissue not removed by surgery or to treat differentiated thyroid cancer that has metastasized to other parts of the body. However, the Na+/I− symporter (NIS), which mediates active iodide uptake into thyroid follicular cells, is also expressed in several non-thyroidal tissues. This NIS expression permits 131I accumulation and radiation damage in these non-target tissues, which accounts for the adverse effects of radioiodine therapy. We will review the data regarding the expression, function, and regulation of NIS in non-thyroidal tissues and explain the seemingly paradoxical adverse effects induced by 131I, the self-limited gastrointestinal adverse effects in contrast to the permanent salivary dysfunction that is seen after 131I therapy. We propose that prospective studies are needed to uncover the time-course of pathological processes underlying development and progression or ultimate resolution of 131I-induced salivary ductal obstruction and nasolacrimal duct obstruction. Finally, preventive measures and early therapeutic interventions that can be applied potentially to eliminate or alleviate long-term radioiodine adverse effects will be discussed.
El pensamiento como sujeto automomizado. Revisitando el vínculo entre Marx y Hegel
Authors: Steimberg Rodrigo
Published: May 2021

El presente escrito se apoya en la crítica que realiza Marx a Hegel para elucidar cuáles son las determinaciones del modo de producción capitalista que permiten a este último desarrollar las formas generales del método dialéctico. Afirmamos que, dado que el capital goza de un movimiento automático, a Hegel se le presenta que la conciencia, que realiza dicho movimiento, se pone en marcha a sí misma. Pese a esto, siguiendo a Marx, sostenemos que Hegel explica la estructura básica del método dialéctico, el afirmarse mediante la propia negación de toda forma real.
Transmission electron microscopy for wood and fiber analysis – A Review
Authors: Reza Mehedi , Kontturi Eero , Jääskeläinen Anna-Stiina , Vuorinen Tapani , Ruokolainen Janne
Published: May 2021

This review describes use of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) in wood and fiber analysis. Analytical techniques and sample preparation methods are used to localize substructures of the cell wall polymers and are discussed in this review. The ultrastructural features of the wood cell walls, the structures formed by microfibrils, and the distribution of cell wall polymers, as revealed by TEM, are covered. Research investigating the distribution of lignin in tension and compression woods using TEM is reviewed. Different kinds of wood biodegrading enzymes localized using TEM are mentioned. Additional features of TEM, i.e., 3D imaging, analytical TEM, and electron diffraction are discussed. Lastly, a comparison between TEM and other imaging techniques used for wood and fiber research are made. Thus, this review provides insight into the contribution of TEM in wood research since its invention and demonstrates how to use it more effectively in the future.
Factory-mounted and retrofit passive resistance sensors adapted to monitor moisture content in timber bridges
Authors: Björngrim Niclas , Fjellström Per-Anders , Hagman Olle
Published: May 2021

The biggest threats to the longevity of a timber bridge are rot and decay. Wood protection by design, inspections, and monitoring of the bridge for elevated moisture content will ensure that the full service life of the structure can be achieved. Today’s sensors for moisture content measurements are limited in their functionality and range. This paper presents a sensor that can be both factory installed and retrofitted, which can measure the moisture content through the cross-section of the member in a timber bridge. The sensor has been mounted on Sundbron bridge during manufacturing and retrofitted on Gislaved bridge. The ensuing measurements helped to adjust a design flaw on Gislaved bridge. Monitoring of Sundbron showed that the bridge deck dried up after the bridge had been exposed to sleet and snow during the on-site assembly of the stress laminated bridge deck.
Conditioning effect of lysozyme combined with freeze-thaw on the municipal sludge dewatering performance
Authors: Lin Feng , Li Jigeng , Zhu Xiaolin , Yu Peiran , Liu Mengru
Published: May 2021

The effects of lysozyme (LZM) and freeze-thaw conditioning, alone or in combination, on sludge dewatering performance were comparatively investigated. After the optimization of the dewatering conditions using response surface methodology (RSM), the co-conditioning exhibited obvious superiority to the separate conditioning in improving the dewaterability of municipal sludge, with the capillary suction time (CST) and the water content (W) of the dewatered sludge reduced to 12 ± 0.5 s and 52.0% ± 0.4% from 61.8 s and 73.0%, respectively. The co-conditioning appeared not only to destroy the structure of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and microbial cell wall by virtue of enzymatic conditioning, but it formed larger particles and compact sludge ﬂoc structure with the help of freeze-thaw conditioning. Additionally, the bound water content of sludge decreased by 47.5% after co-conditioning, consistent with the enhancement in sludge dewaterability. All the results showed that LZM in combination with freeze-thaw conditioning had a great potential in sludge reduction, providing more opportunity of resource utilization for the dewatered sludge.
Synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of N-substituted quaternized chitosan and its cellulose-based composite film
Authors: Chen Qiyuan , Xiao Shengling , Shi Sheldon Q. , Cai Liping
Published: May 2021

A water and organic soluble N-benzyl-N,N-diethyl quaternized chitosan (NSQC) material was synthesized using chitosan, benzaldehyde, and bromoethane. Amino groups on chitosan reacted with benzaldehyde to form a Schiff base intermediate. Quaternized chitosan was obtained by reacting the Schiff base with bromoethane. The quaternized chitosan was dissolved in an organic solution with dissolved cellulose and cast to prepare quaternized chitosan/cellulose (QCC) film. The molecular structure, morphology, tensile strength, thermal stability, and antibacterial activity effects of NSQC-treated cellulose film were studied in detail. The results showed that the NSQC product exhibited superior solubility in deionized water and dimethylacetamide. The addition of NSQC as a reinforcing agent in QCC film enhanced the interlinking of fibers and slowed down the rate of cellulose pyrolysis, which improved the tensile properties and thermal stability of the cellulose film. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values of NSQC showed that it had good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The QCC film also showed contact sterilization ability with regards to two kinds of bacteria, which suggested that QCC film has the potential for applications in food packaging and bacterial barriers.
Challenges in industrial applications of technical lignins
Authors: Vishtal Alexey , Kraslawski Andrzej
Published: May 2021

The primary aim of modern biorefineries is the efficient conversion of lignocellulosic materials into valuable products. Sugars and oils can be converted into valuable chemicals, but processing of lignin is still a challenge. A vast amount of lignin is incinerated to produce process steam and energy, and only a very small part is used for the production of value-added products. Technical lignins are isolated as by-streams in lignocellulosic refineries, e.g., as kraft, soda, organosolv, and hydrolysis lignins, as well as lignosulphonates. They have a modified structure and contain impurities that are dependent on the processing method. The structure and the composition of technical lignins restrict their subsequent applications. This paper reviews limiting factors in utilization of technical lignins. Four major classes of problems are identified, and approaches to overcoming these problems are suggested.
Didactical Design for Overcoming Students' Learning Obstacles on the Inverse Function Concept
Authors: Muin Abdul , Pratiwi Arista Ambar , Satriawati Gusni
Published: May 2021

AbstractThe inverse function in secondary schools is still a difficult concept to learn. Meanwhile, in national exams or competitions this problem often arises. Didactic design is an attempt to improve the learning process. The purpose of this study is to identify the epistemological obstacle, to develop the learning designs, and to describe the students’ responses regarding the implementation of inverse function’s concept learning designs in the class. This research was held in one of Senior High School in South Tangerang of 38 people from class X. The research method is Didactical Design Research (DDR). This method is conducted from three stages, prospective analysis, metapedia didactic analysis, and retrospective analysis. The result of the study was indicated that the student’s obstacles are according to predictions and didactical design still generates some new epistemological obstacle. The revised didactical design was obtained by updating the initial didactical design to resolve the obstacle. The revised didactical design includes choosing vocabulary, adding new instructions, and expanding predictions and anticipating student responses.AbstrakFungsi invers di sekolah menengah masih merupakan konsep yang sulit dipelajari. Sedangkan dalam ujian atau kompetisi nasional masalah ini sering muncul. Desain didaktik merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan proses pembelajaran. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi hambatan epistemologis, mengembangkan desain pembelajaran, dan mendeskripsikan tanggapan siswa terkait penerapan desain pembelajaran konsep fungsi invers di kelas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di salah satu Sekolah Menengah Atas di Tangerang Selatan yang berjumlah 38 orang dari kelas X. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Desain Didaktik. Metode ini dilakukan dari tiga tahap yaitu analisis prospektif, analisis metapedadidaktik, dan analisis retrospektif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kesulitan yang dialami siswa sesuai dengan prediksi dan desain didaktis masih menimbulkan hambatan epistemologis baru. Desain didaktis yang direvisi diperoleh dengan memperbarui desain didaktis awal untuk menyelesaikan kesulitan. Desain didaktis yang direvisi terdiri atas: memilih kosakata, menambahkan instruksi baru, dan memperluas prediksi dan mengantisipasi respon siswa. How to Cite:  Muin, A., Pratiwi, A. A., Satriawati, G. (2020).  Didactical Design for Overcoming Students' Learning Obstacles on the Inverse Function Concept. TARBIYA: Journal of Education in Muslim Society, 7(2), 183-191. doi:10.15408/tjems.v7i2.13041.
Triticale diets and pork quality in the zone of radioactive contamination
Authors: Savchuk I.M. , Kovaliova S.P. , Stepanenko V.M.
Published: May 2021

The study is devoted to the substantiation of the use of grain mixtures with different amounts of triticale in the diets of store pigs of large white breeds and to determine their impact on the quality and safety of pig products during its production in III zone of radioactive contamination caused by the Chernobyl accident. Based on the study, fodder grain mixtures for fattening of store pigs in Ukrainian Polissia have been developed. These mixtures make it possible to replace partially or entirely wheat with triticale in the diets of animals. It has been found that when 20-40% (by weight) of wheat groats in the grain mixture is replaced with a similar amount of triticale groats, the concentration of radiocaesium in muscle tissue of pigs in the experimental groups reduces by 9.6-9.8 Bq/kg or 30.7-31.3% compared to the control group. At the same time, the multiplicity of accumulation of 137Cs in the musculus longissimus dorsi of piglets was 0.233-0.325 and was higher by 4.2-39.5% in animals which received grain mixture No. 1 without triticale, compared with the use of grain mixtures No. 2 and No. 3 (20-40 % of triticale by weight). The concentration of Pb, Cu, and Zn in the products of experimental store pigs was significantly lower than MAC, while the level of contamination of muscle tissue (groups I and II) and liver (groups I and III) with Cd exceeded the regulatory requirements by 2.0-2.4 times and by 24.7-28.7%, respectively. Replacement of 20-40% (by weight) of wheat groats in the grain mixture with a similar amount of triticale groats for fattening store pigs in III zone of radioactive contamination contributed to a much smaller transition of Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn into musculus longissimus dorsi – by 3.27 (group III), 0.55-8.96, 1.15-1.27 and 0.52-7.86% absolute), respectively.
Ubuntu como filosofia moral?
Authors: Da Silva Fabricio Pereira
Published: May 2021

Este artigo discute diferentes usos do ubuntu. Em particular, debate as possibilidades de o conceito atuar enquanto uma filosofia moral. Trata-se de uma discussão forte especialmente na academia sul-africana, e basicamente se divide entre os entusiastas do ubuntu como possibilidade de resgatar um senso de comunidade perdido; e seus detratores, que o entendem como incompatível com a modernidade.
¿Tratado de los derechos? Acerca de la Risalat al-Ḥuqūq del imam Ali Zayn Al-Abidin
Authors: Ramírez Carlos Andrés
Published: May 2021

El texto traducido como el ‘Tratado de los derechos’ (Risalat al-huqūq) fue escrito por el cuarto imam chiita, Zayn al-‘Abidin (659-713). La traducción es, a la vez, acertada e imprecisa, pues huqūq incluye el sentido de ‘derechos’ pero no se reduce, en absoluto, a él. El propósito de este ensayo es hacer una contribución al entendimiento del término haqq, cuyo plural es huqūq, apelando a un texto del islam temprano y considerando la pluralidad y superposición de sus niveles semánticos, con miras a nutrir potenciales ejercicios de teoría política y jurídica comparada. Como resultado pueden identificarse 8 niveles de sentido diferentes, pero interconectados, que comprenden dimensiones ético-religiosas, jurídicas y ontológicas.
Três escritos breves de Heidegger
Authors: Dias José Francisco de Assis , Valentini Daniela
Published: May 2021

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Antifungal activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense race 1
Authors: Cruz Martín Mileidy , Leyva Liliana , Acosta Suárez Mayra , Pichardo Tatiana , Bermúdez Caraballoso Idalmis , Alvarado Capó Yelenys
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Due to the absence of totally effective either economically viable chemical agents for the control of Fusarium wilt, the use of antagonistic microorganisms is of great interest since it could represent a more economically and ecologically sustainable alternative. Objective. To analyze the antifungal effect of the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CCIBP-A5 strain against Fusarium oxysporum. Materials and methods. The work was carried out in the Laboratory of Applied Microbiology of the Instituto de Biotecnología de las Plantas, Cuba, between September 2017 and June, 2018. The in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of its culture filtrate and cell against F. oxysporum has been assayed. Results. The results indicated that the metabolites present in the culture filtrate of B. amyloliquefaciens CCIBP-A5 significantly influenced the growth and morphology of the mycelium and the conidia. They also caused oxidative damage to the lipid molecules of F. oxysporum. In addition, this strain showed inhibitory effects on the development of the disease under controlled conditions. These aspects are key when selecting a bacterial candidate as a biological control agent. Conclusions. The results showed that the B. amyloliquefaciens CCIBP-A5 strain, isolated from Musa sp., had an in vitro antifungal effect against the vegetative and reproductive structures of Foc race 1 as well as on the Musa spp.-F. oxysporum interaction. This strain is suggested for the development of a bioproduct for Fusarium wilt management.
Tipificación con secuencias multilocus en Lactobacillus casei procedentes de ensilados de cáscara de piña
Authors: WingChing Jones Rodolfo , Redondo Solano Mauricio , Usaga Jessie , Uribe Lidieth , Barboza Natalia
Published: May 2021

Introducción. Lactobacillus casei se caracteriza por adaptarse al medio durante el proceso fermentativo. Objetivo. Caracterizar con tipificación de secuencias multilocus (MTLS), aislamientos de L. casei presentes en ensilados de cáscara de piña con niveles crecientes de urea. Materiales y métodos.  Durante 2017 y con un diseño irrestricto al azar se prepararon veinte silos (2 kg). Cada cinco bolsas, se adicionaron 0, 0,5, 1 y 1,5 % de urea (p/p en base fresca). Después de treinta días, se tomó una muestra de cada repetición para realizar análisis bromatológicos. Se analizó materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC), carbohidratos no fibrosos, fibra en detergente ácido (FDA), fibra en detergente neutro (FDN), digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca (DIVMS), hemicelulosa, extracto etéreo (EE), cenizas, nitrógeno amoniacal y pH. Se determinó el recuento de bacterias ácido-lácticas (BAL) para cada uno de los tratamientos. La identificación de las BAL se realizó con la secuencia del ARNr 16S. Los aislamientos de L. casei fueron analizados con MTLS. Resultados. Los cuatro tratamientos evaluados no presentaron diferencias significativas en la MS (12,10 a 12,86%), FDA (31,44 a 32,18 %), FDN (58,46 a 58,56 %), hemicelulosa (26,36 a 27,02 %), EE (2,45 a 2,96 %), cenizas (4,96 a 5,12%), nitrógeno amoniacal (0,45 a 0,49 %) y pH (3,36 a 3,48). No así, en PC (6,94 a 9,12 %) y DIVMS (82,84 a 84,72 %). La adición de urea se asoció a cambios en las poblaciones de BAL (6,56 a 6,90 UFC). Siete aislamientos de L. casei se identificaron y tipificaron con cinco genes distintos. Se encontraron entre dos (polA) y cinco (nrdD, pgm, mutL) alelos; esto permitió identificar un total de seis secuencias tipo (ST) distintas en los aislados de Costa Rica. Conclusión. Los aislamientos de L. casei se encontraron emparentados a bacterias del tracto gastrointestinal en humanos.
High population density in arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) increase radiation interception, yield, and profitability
Authors: Quevedo Amaya Yeison Mauricio , Villamil Carvajal Jorge Enrique , Garnica Montaña Joanna Paola , Montenegro Ramos Omar , Barragán Quijano Eduardo
Published: May 2021

Introduction. Arracacha (Arracacia xanthorrhiza Bancroft) a promising crop due to its nutritional and gastronomic relevance. Population density is an agronomic practice that increases water and radiation use efficiencies, maximizes the yield, and crop profitability. However, the selection of the optimal population density based on physiological, agronomic, and economic criteria for arracacha has not been studied. Objective. To describe the effect of different population densities on the physiology, yield, and profitability of arracacha. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted in Cajamarca, Colombia in 2019. There, the soil water potential, relative chlorophyll content, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water use efficiency, leaf temperature depression, photosynthetic reflectance index, leaf area index, the fraction of light interception, light extinction coefficient, cracking index, yield, and profitability were evaluated. Results. The results showed that high population densities did not generate water deficit because there were no significant differences for the soil water potential, leaf temperature depression, and photosynthetic reflectance index. Furthermore, no nutritional deficiencies were evidenced because the relative chlorophyll content (<32 SPAD) was higher at the critical level. Due to this, no limitations were observed in leaf gas exchange processes. However, the densities of 25,000 and 30,000 plants ha-1 showed a higher fraction of light interception due to the increase in the leaf area index; this allowed to obtain a higher yield at these densities. Conclusion. The maximum yield (41.96 t ha-1) and profitability (US$ 15,333.06 ha-1) were reached with a population density of 22,222 plants ha-1.
Respuesta alométrica de dos cultivares de caña para panela a la fertilización foliar en vivero
Authors: Deantonio-Florido Leidy Yibeth , Bautista Montealegre Luis Gabriel , Lesmes Suáres Juan Carlos , Cardona William Andrés
Published: May 2021

Introducción. En Colombia la agroindustria de la panela se destaca por sus aportes sociales, económicos y de seguridad alimentaria; sin embargo, demanda mejoras tecnológicas en el manejo de la fertilización de los cultivares de caña. Objetivo. Determinar el efecto de la fertilización foliar en etapa de vivero sobre parámetros de crecimiento de dos cultivares de caña de azúcar para elaboración de panela. Materiales y métodos. El experimento se llevó a cabo en 2018 en la sede Cimpa de la Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA). Se estableció un diseño experimental completamente aleatorizado para evaluar en los cultivares CC 93-7510 y CC 93-7711 el crecimiento de plantas expuestas a tres tratamientos de fertilización foliar: (1) fuente nitrogenada, (2) fuente con macro y micronutrientes (completa), (3) mezcla de las fuentes, y el testigo absoluto. Se registraron variables alométricas en el tiempo (altura, diámetro, número de hojas y peso seco de raíz) e índices de crecimiento; con las primeras se construyeron modelos lineales mixtos generalizados y modelos Poisson, y con los índices un análisis de varianza uni y multivariado. Resultados. Los factores de evaluación (fertilización y tiempo) presentaron efectos significativos (p≤0,05) sobre las variables alométricas en los dos cultivares en comparación con el control (sin fertilización); mientras que los índices de crecimiento presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas por efecto de las fuentes de fertilización. Las plantas de caña CC 93-7510 fertilizadas con la mezcla de fuentes nitrogenadas y completa presentaron mayor altura y diámetro de los tallos, número de hojas y peso seco de raíces. Las plantas de caña CC 93-7711 fertilizadas con la fuente completa mostraron mayor diámetro del tallo y acumulación de peso seco de raíces. Conclusiones. La fertilización foliar en plantas de caña de ambos cultivares permitió un mayor desarrollo alométrico en menor tiempo.
Práticas de cuidado de mães de crianças com paralisia cerebral
Authors: Braun Sumaya , Nascimento Rodolfo Gomes do , Pires Samia , Cunha Katiane , Silva Simone
Published: May 2021

Essa pesquisa teve por objetivo investigar as práticas de cuidado de mães de crianças com paralisia cerebral (PC), residentes na cidade de Belém e Região Metropolitana. Para isso foi necessário correlacionar variáveis sociodemográficas com a variável prática de cuidado e suas dimensões. A amostra foi composta por 24 mães de crianças com PC e os instrumentos utilizados foram o Inventário Sociodemográfico, o Sistema de Classificação da Função Motora Grossa, e a Escala de Crenças Parentais e Práticas de Cuidados. Como resultado, foi possível conhecer a influência do comportamento da mãe no desenvolvimento de crianças com paralisia cerebral a partir das características das práticas de cuidado. Em geral, observou-se que as mães apresentam práticas menos efetivas de cuidado, sendo a dimensão Estimulação por objeto (P-EO) a de maior percentual para a quanto às práticas menos efetivas e os Cuidados primários (P-CP) a dimensão de maior percentual de práticas mais efetivas.
Deaths: Final Data for 2019
Authors: Xu Jiaquan , Murphy Sherry , Arias Elizabeth , Kochanek Kenneth
Published: May 2021

Deaths: Final Data for 2019
Evolution of Genre Parameters of Documentary Text (Exemplified by References)
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Nosacheva Olga
Published: May 2021

The article considers reference as an information-and-assessment document, the dynamics of reference transformation is viewed from documentary linguistics angle. The research is carried out on the material of reference given to applicants in the field of education; the documents belong to different chronological periods (Soviet period (wartime): 1941–1945; Soviet period: 1970–1990s; modern period: 2015–2020). The functional purpose of the document was determined and the composition and content structure of its text was analyzed. Speech means representing the main genre characteristics of the text of reference have been identified; they are presented at three levels of the hierarchy, taking into account their interconnection and significance as genre-forming parameters: addresser/addressee and function; information, structure and dominant modality; space and time. The author reveals the regularities of text formation, as well as genre peculiarities of the text, determined by social and linguistic factors. When analyzing the genre parameters of the document, the fact that the properties of the text are influenced by the specifics of the communication situation is taken into account. It was shown that social changes caused a shift in the nature of the information transmitted by the document; affected the structure and dominant modality of the text, space and time representation. Extralinguistic determination of speech organization of documentary text is demonstrated. It was established that speech representation of genre parameters is associated with the implementation of informational and presentation functions of the document.
Strategic Importance of Valorizing Discourse in the Subject Sphere of Innovation
Authors:   Irkutsk State University, Serebrennikova Evgenia , Sadovnikova Olga ,   Irkutsk State University
Published: May 2021

The article focuses on the study of strategic importance as a qualitative category of discourse, characterizing the promotion of significant meaning in an axiologically parametrized media space. As part of the discursivization trajectory model, which was justified in line with a dynamic approach to the discourse study using the methods of inferential and interpretative analysis, the strategic nature of media discourse is set. It is organized by targeted, relevant important concept of "Innovation" as well as the ways of its implementation in axiological strategies. The type of discourse topic and intentionality of promoting significant meaning in the vector from the world of real to the world of proper and desired endow this discourse with a valorizing, constructive and prescriptive character. The projected axiological strategies and tactics contribute to rethinking and enriching the structure of the concept of "Innovation". In the prevailing strategy of negative valorization, in the tactics of devalorizing evaluation nomination of innovations as a realized phenomenon, axiological oppositions, metaphorization, disursivization is focused on the prototypical maximum of the concept of "Innovation" in contrasting "truly innovative – declared innovative" in the world of action. In the structure of the concept, based on a sustainable view of innovation as a means of modernization, actual new homeostatic nodes are being formed. They link development, progress and openness, inevitability of innovations and readiness to implement them.
Means of Representation of the Idioglossas “Children”, “Family”, “Life” in the Novel by F.M. Dostoevsky “The Brothers Karamazov”
Authors:   Moscow Pedagogical State University, Kolesnikova Svetlana , Burskaya Elena ,   Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, Shatalova Olga ,   Moscow State Regional University, Ledeneva Valentina ,   Moscow State Regional University
Published: May 2021

The article introduces the main idioglossas ("Children", "Family", "Life") of F.M. Dostoevsky's novel "The Brothers Karamazov", which are understood as mental and cognitive categories, according to Yu.N. Karaulov, the constants of certain author's lines in the text, and describes the means of their representation (phonosemantic, lexical, phraseological and syntactic). The study of phonetic shells and the meanings of the words that form considered idioglossas, it is proved that representation in their meanings and words as a psycholinguistic phenomenon exhibits the traits of the writer's language personality development, his worldview and value system. The author's choice of exact lexemes and their syntagmatic partners included in the studied idioglossas demonstrates the harmonization of the nature of the language sign: a) the sound supports the meaning; b) the meanings of 'children', 'family', 'life' are interdependent. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that it defines the semantic components of the idioglossas "Children", "Family", "Life" and the means of their representation. On the basis of computer phonosemantic analysis of words, their sound content is characterized. The novelty of the research is connected with the understanding of harmony or disharmony of the language sign and the ideological and aesthetic content expressed in the text by Dostoevsky. The research methods include: the method of system analysis of semantic relations, computer analysis of phonosemantics of words, phenomenological and others. The author reveals the significance of each idioglossa for the implementation of the main concepts of the work, which form its ideological core and indicate the author's mental and cognitive attitudes aimed at depicting the life of the Karamazov family which reflects the tragedies of the contradictory Russian life. The research results can be applied in the theory of author's lexicography; in the process of creating mental maps of the Russian language personality based on the description of author's idioglossas; in teaching university philological courses.
Horse and Mare in English, Kazakh and Russian Language Pictures of the World
Authors:   Institute of Foreign Languages, Pimenova Marina , Zhilkubaeva Amantay ,   East Kazakhstan State University named after S. Amanzholov, Bekmurzaeva Feruza ,   Military Institute (Engineering) of the Military Academy of Logistics, named after Army General A.V. Khrulev
Published: May 2021

The purpose of the article is to compare the linguocultural meanings of the zoomorphic image of a horse / mare. The horse / mare is an important constituent of life, as indicated by the significant amount of vocabulary assigned to the names of this animal in the compared language pictures of the world, the variety of manifestations of the horse in human life, the role in the agricultural, military, and domestic spheres. Six main areas were identified where vocabulary related to the vital activity, functioning of horses, their biological and physiological characteristics is usedas a result of the analysis of three linguistic cultures shows: biological gender; age; breed; horse suit; allures – types of horse movement; location and conditions of detention. The asymmetry of the implementation of linguocultural meanings in the studied language pictures of the world is noted. The thematic group "Biological gender" combines 25 signs. The thematic group "Age" includes 14 signs. The thematic group "Breed" consists of 11 signs. The thematic group "Color of the horse" includes 18 signs. The thematic group "Allures – types of horse movement" comprises 8 signs. In the thematic group "Place and Conditions of Detention" 10 signs are presented. The article contains 6 tables to illustrate the comparison. The lexical units of the English, Kazakh, and Russian languages are described, the differential features of the analyzed words and phrases with the meaning "horse", "mare" are established, the results of a comparative study of three linguocultures are summarized.