bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Method of assessment of structural properties of knitted fabrics based on image analysis
Authors: Sobirov Muslimjon , Sharibaev Nosir , Kayumov Ahror , Musayev Khurshid
Published: November 2024

A novel digital image processing technique was devised to assess fabric structure attributes and identify weave patterns using a Wiener filter. Six distinct groups of images were acquired and subjected to analysis, encompassing three fabric structures with two constructions each. The developed method segregated the fabric image into two components, one containing warp yarns and the other weft yarns. By delineating yarn boundaries, the fabric’s surface characteristics were assessed, aiding in the identification of interlacing regions to discern the fabric structure. The findings demonstrated proficiency in evaluating surface fabric attributes and discerning fabric structures, particularly for fabrics with identical warp and weft yarn colors. Furthermore, the approach provided a more precise assessment of yarn spacing and fabric cover factor compared to conventional analytical techniques employed for such evaluations.
The concentration of vegetative substances on the retention and rooting of cuttings when growing cherry seedlings on weakly growing grafts
Authors: Yunusov Rustam , Yuldoshov Laziz , Jumayev Tolib , Haydarov Rustam
Published: November 2024

The article presents data on the soil and climatic process of Uzbekistan when growing cherries using green grafting. It has been established that cherries occupy a special place in the world due to their high content of pectins, pectins, and pectin. 0.39. 0.76 percent of pectin, pectins, and pectin. 0.39. 0.76 percent of cellulose, and 0.72. 32.22 mg percent of vitamin C. Reproduction in flavor and vitamin C. quality. It is determined that the fruits of cherries contain 8.08 .19.32 percent of total sugar, 0.58.2.32 percent of vitamin C. Development of modern technologies for rapid growth of seedlings by green cuttings. The technology of growing cherry seedlings by the method of green grafting provides the greatest stability of varietal grafting combinations and rooting of grafted cuttings.
Crop yield of winter barley grain with the application of various growing technologies
Authors: Yarkulova Zulayho , Kodirov Abbos
Published: November 2024

The experiment considered the influence of different methods of agricultural technologies on the yield of winter barley in the dependence of the investigated factors. Field experiments were carried out in the fields of the central experimental base of the Kashkadarya branch of the Research Institute of Grain and Legumes in the Karshi district of the Kashkadarya region under conditions of irrigated light gray soils. Stationary experience is represented by the following factors: the level of fertility (factor A); fertilizer system (factor B); plant protection system (factor C) and methods of basic soil cultivation (factor D). The relationship between the influence of the level of soil fertility, fertilizer rates, plant protection products, tillage system and yield, and crop structure of the promising winter barley variety Mavlono was determined. It has been established that (fertilizers, tillage, sowing method, means of protection) increases the yield of winter barley and positively affects the elements of the yield structure. The yield increase in comparison with the control changed from 10.4 to 26.8 c/ha. The statistical processing data show that the fertilizer system (35.8%) and soil cultivation (27%) had a certain influence on the number of productive stems; the fertilizer system (44.6%) influenced the spike size, the fertilizer system (28%) and the tillage (32.8%) had influence on the amount of grain in the spike and influenced the mass of grain from the spike. Keywords: winter barley, monitoring, variety, yield, yield structure, regression. Key words: healthy lifestyle, adaptation, rehabilitation, healthy physical education, functional laterality profile, sinistrality, left-handedness, left-handed schoolchildren.
Forming the idea of ecological culture and national development in students
Authors: Umarov Baxshullo
Published: November 2024

There is no need to prove the relevance of training young people with intellectual potential in the era of globalization, in the age of information and communication technologies and the Internet, in the era of increasing competition in the world..This article shows the peculiarities of the formation of the idea of the progress of the Fatherland in the process of teaching students to the humanities. Key words: fatherland, progress, idea, spirituality, enlightenment, training, upbringing, perfection, result.
Specific characteristics of tourism infrastructure development
Authors: Hudayberganov D.T. , Toshalieva T.S. , Matsaidova S.X. , Alieva G.I. , Atabaeva K.R. , Sabirova O.Sh.
Published: November 2024

Tourism infrastructure development is crucial for the viability and growth of tourist destinations, significantly influencing their ability to attract and accommodate visitors. This paper explores the distinctive characteristics and inherent challenges associated with the planning, execution, and management of tourism infrastructure. Through an analytical review of global case studies, the research highlights the importance of integrating sustainable practices, embracing technological innovations, and considering socio-economic impacts in the development process. Environmental considerations are emphasized to address the ecological impacts of tourism infrastructure, alongside the need to preserve cultural authenticity and enhance local community engagement. The paper aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how strategic, thoughtful infrastructure development can sustainably support tourism while fostering economic growth and cultural preservation.
Strategic opportunities and future directions for ecotourism development in Uzbekistan: A case study of the Termiz region
Authors: Djurayeva Dilnoza , Hakimova Mehriniso
Published: November 2024

Ecotourism is an emerging sector that offers significant potential for sustainable development in Uzbekistan. The Termiz region, located in the southern part of the country, is particularly promising due to its diverse landscapes, such as the Tien Shan foothills, and rich cultural heritage, including historical sites like the ancient city of Termiz. To achieve this, the research analyzes current ecotourism activities, infrastructure needs, and regulatory frameworks while emphasizing the importance of community engagement. The study utilizes qualitative methods, including field surveys and stakeholder interviews, to gather insights on the existing challenges and opportunities. Key findings indicate that there is a need for eco-friendly infrastructure development, improved regulatory support, and greater investment in conservation efforts. Additionally, promoting Termiz's unique cultural heritage and natural landscapes through targeted marketing strategies could significantly boost the region's ecotourism potential. The conclusions highlight that adopting sustainable tourism practices and fostering community involvement are essential for creating a thriving ecotourism sector in Termiz. By implementing these strategies, policymakers and stakeholders can not only support environmental conservation but also contribute to the socio-economic development of the region, making Termiz a key destination for ecotourism in Uzbekistan.
Correlation of early contrast-enhanced ultrasound parameters with
postoperative graft function and at six months after kidney
transplantation
Authors: Taut Tina , Kurz Felix , Schlemmer Heinz-Peter , Meinzer Clara , Mahler Christoph , Speer Claudius , Benning Louise , Göth Daniel , Nusshag Christian , Sommerer Claudia , Schaier Matthias , Zeier Martin , Morath Christian , Kälble Florian
Published: November 2024

Purpose We analyzed which contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) parameters
are associated with reduced kidney function in the early postoperative period
and are prognostic for kidney function six months after transplantation.

Materials and Methods This prospective observational study included 74
patients in whom quantitative CEUS analysis and Doppler ultrasound were
performed early after kidney transplantation (10±6 days). For each region of
interest (ROI) the time-to-peak intensity (TTP) and the respective delta between
ROIs within interlobar artery, cortex, and medulla were compared. Results were
correlated with kidney function at the time of imaging and six months later.

Results Patients with an eGFR<30 ml/min at the time of investigation
had significantly slower cortical enhancement with a longer cortical TTP (cTTP:
16.1±0.9 vs. 11.7±0.7 sec, p<0.001), as well as a significant delay between
the arterial and cortical phases (c–a), as shown in longer ∆TTP (c–a): 8.2±0.9
vs. 4.2 ± 0.5 sec, p<0.001. There was a significant negative correlation
between cTTP and eGFR with a correlation coefficient of −0.37 (p<0.001), as
well as between ∆TTP (c–a) and eGFR with a correlation coefficient of −0.40
(p<0.001). Reduced kidney function after 6 months correlated significantly
with the findings of the initial CEUS examination (p=0.005, correlation
coefficient −0.39).

Conclusion CEUS revealed significant differences in temporal enhancement
dynamics in patients with reduced kidney function after transplantation.
Quantitative CEUS might therefore be able to depict graft function regarding
microvascular damage and be of prognostic value regarding long-term renal
outcomes.
Blood Loss in Women of Childbearing Potential Taking Oral Anticoagulants for Venous Thromboembolism (The BLEED Study)
Authors: Grandone Elvira , Mastroianno Mario , Pacilli Gabriella , Colaizzo Donatella , Margaglione Alessandra , Bikdeli Behnood , Piazza Gregory
Published: November 2024

Background Oral anticoagulants (OAC) may exacerbate menstrual bleeding in women of childbearing age; however, the existing literature on this issue has several limitations.

Materials and Methods This study investigates abnormal uterine bleeding in women of childbearing age taking OAC–vitamin K antagonists or direct oral anticoagulants–for venous thromboembolism through a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data. Uterine bleeding was assessed using the Pictorial Blood Assessment Chart (PBAC) and hemoglobin (Hb) values during anticoagulation compared with prior therapy. The number of unplanned medical visits for bleeding complications was also calculated.

Results From June 2014 to November 2023, 110 women were recruited (median age, 36 years). PBAC scores correlated with Hb values at baseline and during therapy (analysis of variance [ANOVA], p < 0.01), with a significant difference in Hb values before and during anticoagulant therapy (delta Hb) among groups (ANOVA, p.0.034). Seventeen women (15.5%) reported uterine fibroids, experiencing a greater reduction in Hb values during anticoagulant administration than women without uterine fibroids (delta 0.3, interquartile range [IQR]: 0.8, 2.9 vs. 0.5, IQR 1.2, 0.3; p.0.012). Women with selfreported uterine fibroids required more frequent unplanned medical consultations for bleeding (mean visits 5 vs. 4, respectively; Poisson regression, p < 0.05). Among women with uterine fibroids, those taking apixaban showed smaller Hb changes than those on other oral anticoagulants (ANOVA, p.0.047). This difference persisted even after adjusting for potential confounders (multiple ANOVA, p.0.004).

Conclusion Women of childbearing age taking OAC frequently experience changes in Hb values and PBAC scores during treatment, with uterine fibroids playing a significant role.
Stent misdeployment and factors associated with failure in endoscopic ultrasound-guided choledochoduodenostomy: analysis of the combined datasets from two randomized trials
Authors: Chen Yen-I , Long Clara , Sahai Anand V. , Napoleon Bertrand , Donatelli Gianfranco , Kunda Rastislav , Martel Myriam , Chan Shannon M. , Arcidiacono Paolo G. , Lam Eric , Kongkam Pradermchai , Forbes Nauzer , Larghi Alberto , Mosko Jeffrey D. , Van der Merwe Schalk , Gan Seng Ian , Jacques Jeremie , Kenshil Sana , Ratanachu-Ek Thawee , Miller Corey , Saxena Payal , Desilets Etienne , Sandha Gurpal , Alrifae Yousef , Teoh Anthony Y. B. ,   on behalf of the ELEMENT and DRA-MBO working groups
Published: November 2024

Background Stent misdeployment (SMD) is a feared and poorly characterized technical challenge of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS)-guided choledochoduodenostomy (CDS) using lumen-apposing stents. We aimed to ascertain the rate of stent misdeployment in EUS-CDS for malignant distal biliary obstruction (MDBO) and describe its outcomes while identifying variables associated with its occurrence.

Method This was a post hoc analysis of two randomized controlled trials comparing EUS-CDS vs. endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography in MDBO. The primary end point was rate of SMD, classified as misdeployment of the distal flange (type I), proximal flange (type II), contralateral bile duct wall injury (type III), or double mucosal puncture (type IV). Multivariable analysis was performed to identify variables associated with SMD and/or technical failure, and with clinical failure or stent dysfunction.

Results 152 patients were included. Technical success was 93.4 %. SMD occurred in 11 patients (7.2 %; 95 %CI 3.1 %–11.4 %): 8 type I, 1 type II, and 2 type III. Endoscopic salvage of SMD was successful in 81.8 %. Misdeployment led to adverse events in four patients (two mild, two moderate), giving an overall SMD-related adverse event rate of 2.6 % (95 %CI 0.7 %–6.6 %). On multivariable analysis, extrahepatic bile duct diameter of ≤ 15 mm was associated with increased odds of SMD and/or technical failure.

Conclusion SMD was relatively common in EUS-CDS and was associated with an extrahepatic bile duct diameter of ≤ 15 mm. The majority of misdeployments could be rescued endoscopically with low risk for adverse events.
Design and Implementation of Tabletop Cybersecurity Simulation for Health Informatics Graduate Students
Authors: Blanchard Erin E. , Feldman Sue S. , White Marjorie Lee , Allen Ryan , Phillips Thad , Brown Michelle R.
Published: November 2024

Background Experiential learning through simulation allows students to apply didactic knowledge to real-world situations. Tabletop simulation allows for the exploration of a variety of topics, including cybersecurity in health care. Due to its low frequency, yet high-risk nature, simulation is a perfect educational modality to practice responding to a cybersecurity attack. As such, the authors designed and executed a tabletop cybersecurity simulation consisting of a prebriefing, four rounds of injects detailing potential cybersecurity breaches that students must address, and structured debriefings that included input from cybersecurity content experts. This simulation was performed in 2018, 2019, 2022, and 2023, during graduate Health Informatics (HI) students' residential visits.

Objective The simulation allowed opportunities for HI students to apply knowledge of cybersecurity principles to an unfolding tabletop simulation containing injects of scenarios they may encounter in the real world.

Methods Survey data were used to assess the students' perceptions of the simulation. Topics assessed included overall satisfaction, teamwork and communication, and length of the event. Additionally, in 2022 and 2023, data were collected on psychological safety and whether to include them in future HI residential visits.

Results Eighty-eight graduate HI students took part in the cybersecurity simulation over four annual residential visits. Most students were satisfied with the event, found it valuable, and could see it impacting their future practice as informaticists. Additionally, students indicated high levels of psychological safety. Multiple students requested that additional simulations be incorporated into the curriculum.

Conclusion A tabletop cybersecurity simulation was utilized to allow HI students the ability to apply knowledge related to cybersecurity breaches to real-world examples. The simulation's best practices of prebriefing, psychological safety, and structured debriefing with expert feedback were emphasized in the simulation's design and implementation. Students found the simulation valuable and worth including in the curriculum.
Vesical Varices: An Unusual Cause of Hematuria
Authors: Baby Akhil , Singhal Praveen , Ahmed Nisar , Singh Shobhit , Philips Cyriac Abby , Rajesh Sasidharan
Published: November 2024

Portal hypertension is a common complication of cirrhosis and may lead to the formation of venous collateral channels. Usually, varices due to portal hypertension develop in the lower esophagus, stomach, rectum, or other parts of the digestive tract. Extraintestinal ectopic varices are rare. Here, we present a patient with ectopic urinary bladder varices, who presented with hematuria and symptomatic anemia. The bleeding was managed with minimally invasive endovascular approach.
Spatiotemporal optical vortices: Principles of description and basic properties
Authors: Bekshaev A.
Published: November 2024

This compilation represents a summary of the main physical foundations underlying the structure and properties of spatiotemporal optical vortices (STOVs). The general approach to the STOV description and characterization is based on the model of a scalar paraxial Gaussian wave packet. On this ground, the STOV structures of arbitrary orders are considered as superpositions of spatiotemporal Hermite–Gaussian modes. This approach enables a systematic characterization of the main STOV properties in an explicit and physically transparent form. In particular, we analyze the STOV amplitude and phase distributions, their evolution upon free propagation and in optical systems, internal energy flows and the orbital angular momentum. The topologically determined inherent asymmetry of the STOVs and the difference between the “energy center” and “probability center” [K. Bliokh, Phys. Rev. A 107, L031501 (2023)] are discussed and qualitatively interpreted. Methods for the STOV generation and diagnostics are outlined, and the main properties of non-Gaussian (Bessel-type) STOVs are briefly described. Finally, limitations of the scalar Gaussian model, accepted throughout the whole text, are considered, and possible generalizations are exposed. The whole presentation may be useful as an initial introduction to the STOV-associated ideas and their extraordinary properties.
Views of nurses and midwives working in primary healthcare services on intimate partner violence against women
Authors: Uysal Yalçın Suna , Aksoy Sena Dilek , Zonp Zeynep , Bilgin Hülya
Published: November 2024

Background Violence against women is a global public health problem. Primary healthcare services and health workers play an important role in managing this problem. The aim was to identify barriers and facilitators to the identification and management of intimate partner violence (IPV) among women presenting to primary healthcare services from the perspective of nurses/midwives, and to identify the challenges and needs to improve practices. Methods This was a qualitative descriptive study, in which semistructured interviews were conducted with 19 nurses/midwives working in primary healthcare services. The interviews were analysed using a thematic analysis approach through an inductive process. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research was used to ensure comprehensive reporting of the protocol for this qualitative study. Results Four main themes were identified: (1) detection of intimate partner violence, (2) nurses’/midwives’ current practices, (3) barriers to identification and management, and (4) needs. Conclusions Primary care nurses/midwives in this study perceived that they were not responsible for the detection and management of intimate partner violence, and a majority reported they did not want to take an active role. However, those who were willing to engage in the detection and management of IPV required sufficient time for patient consultations, a reduced workload and a separate room with suitable physical conditions. It is recommended that nurses/midwives be provided with training on IPV detection and management at specific intervals, and studies be conducted to evaluate the outcomes of such training, and initiate the professional decision-making process of nurses/midwives to effectively identify, respond to and support individuals affected by IPV.
Detection of bifurcation in phase-space perturbative structures across transient wave–particle interaction in laboratory plasmas
Authors: Kobayashi T. , Yoshinuma M. , Hu W. , Ida K.
Published: November 2024

A key ingredient for realizing a magnetically confined tritium-deuterium plasma fusion reactor is plasma heating by fusion-born high-energy helium ions, as a chained cycle of “nuclear burning.” Efficient collisionless plasma heating by high-energy particles is anticipated when their energy is directly transferred to the plasma through waves. Those processes often involve nonlinear structure formations in phase-space, spanned by real-space and velocity-space coordinates, that significantly influence heating efficiency. To date, experimental knowledge of phase-space structure formation physics is severely limited, due to lack of experimental diagnostic schemes. Here, state-of-the-art hardware and software approaches for phase-space perturbative structure detection are introduced. A bifurcation in the phase-space structure formation is found, which affects the plasma heating efficiency. A confinement magnetic field structure is shown to be a potential knob for nuclear-burning control through phase-space manipulation.
Sensory artificial cilia for in situ monitoring of airway physiological properties
Authors: Wang Yusheng , Negron Carlos , Khoshnaw Alend , Edwards Steven , Vu Hieu , Quatela Joseph , Park Nathan , Maldonado Fabien , Demarest Caitlin , Simon Victoria , Oskay Caglar , Dong Xiaoguang
Published: November 2024

Continuously monitoring human airway conditions is crucial for timely interventions, especially when airway stents are implanted to alleviate central airway obstruction in lung cancer and other diseases. Mucus conditions, in particular, are important biomarkers for indicating inflammation and stent patency but remain challenging to monitor. Current methods, reliant on computational tomography imaging and bronchoscope inspection, pose risks due to radiation and lack the ability to provide continuous real-time feedback outside of hospitals. Inspired by the sensing ability of biological cilia, we report wireless sensing mechanisms in sensory artificial cilia for detecting mucus conditions, including viscosity and layer thickness, which are crucial biomarkers for disease severity. The sensing mechanism for mucus viscosity leverages external magnetic fields to actuate a magnetic artificial cilium and sense its shape using a flexible strain-gauge. Additionally, we report an artificial cilium with capacitance sensing for mucus layer thickness, offering unique self-calibration, adjustable sensitivity, and range, all enabled by external magnetic fields. To enable prolonged and wireless data access, we integrate Bluetooth Low Energy communication and onboard power, along with a wearable magnetic actuation system for sensor activation. We validate our method by deploying the sensor independently or in conjunction with an airway stent within a trachea phantom and sheep trachea ex vivo. The proposed sensing mechanisms and devices pave the way for real-time monitoring of mucus conditions, facilitating early disease detection and providing stent patency alerts, thereby allowing timely interventions and personalized care.
Streamer propagation dynamics in a nanosecond pulsed surface dielectric barrier discharge in He/N2 mixtures
Authors: Hübner Gerrit , Wilczek Sebastian , Schoeneweihs Nils , Filla Dominik , Mussenbrock Thomas , Korolov Ihor
Published: November 2024

An atmospheric pressure surface dielectric barrier discharge in helium–nitrogen mixtures is investigated experimentally using phase-resolved optical emission spectroscopy and computationally employing a two-dimensional simulation framework. A good qualitative agreement between experiments and simulations is found. It is shown that by applying microsecond or nanosecond driving voltage waveform pulses, the discharge exhibits filamentary or homogeneous structures. The time evolution/propagation of the homogeneous surface ionization wave for different nitrogen admixtures, pressures, and applied voltage is studied and analyzed. Both, simulations and experiments indicate that for the positive applied voltage pulse, a streamer possessing the typical dynamics of the positive streamer is ignited on the powered side of the electrode. At the same time, on the grounded sides, two streamers are formed: one possessing the dynamics of a negative streamer, which propagates towards the center of the cell of the electrode grid, and a positive one in the opposite direction. It is also shown that the positive streamers on the powered side are partly responsible for the velocity of the negative streamers on the grounded side. Simulations show a deceleration of the negative streamers as soon as two positive streamers collide and then close to the meeting point vanish due to the repulsive electrostatic interactions between them. Additionally, from the time-resolved measurements of the emission signal, the quenching rate constants of the He–I (3 s) 3S1 state by collisions with helium and nitrogen are determined to be

9
(
±
4
)
×

10

−
12

cm3 s−1 and

3
(
±
1
)
×

10

−
10

cm3 s−1, respectively at

T
=
400
±
50

K.
Systematic study on the influence of inductive chargers on active personal dosemeters
Authors: Ketelhut Steffen , Zutz Hayo , Hupe Oliver
Published: November 2024

Electromagnetic compatibility testing plays an important role in the type testing of radiation protection dosemeters in view of technical developments and the associated increase in electromagnetic fields. Lately, the use of inductive charging devices has grown as a user-friendly type of charging mobile-phones. In this article, we investigate their impact on active personal dosemeters (APD). The measurements show a substantial additional dose reading of up to several tens of mSv when exposed to the field of an inductive charger for 20 s. According to the widely used Qi standard, the charging devices operate at frequencies of between 87 kHz and 205 kHz for power transfers between 5 W and 30 W. These parameters fall outside the scope of type-testing standards for APD. An update of the standards might therefore be necessary.
A novel TDE error compensation method based on manipulator time-delay control
Authors: Li Fei , Qi Chongwen , Chen Weinan , Ma Li , Qiao Shishuai
Published: November 2024

The classic model-free controller, the time delay controller (TDC), operates under complex conditions with large external disturbance changes and suffers from time delay estimation (TDE) errors, which can lead to reduced controller performance. To compensate for the TDE error, a novel compensator is proposed in the TDC framework by considering the TDE error as a separate disturbance term. This compensator innovatively combines a gradient error compensator and a disturbance observer to correct fast-time-varying TDE errors using the gradient error compensator and slow-time-varying TDE errors using the disturbance observer. Furthermore, a high-order time delay observer (HOTDEO) is designed based on the first-order disturbance observer. Compared to the first-order and second-order observers, the HOTDEO has a lower steady-state error. The designed high-order time delay compensator is used as a supplementary term for traditional TDC and applies to various TDC frameworks. Additionally, the stability theory for both the observer and controller is analyzed in detail, and their convergence conditions are verified. Finally, simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed high-order time delay compensator significantly improves the tracking accuracy and robustness of the control algorithm, particularly in terms of TDE error compensation. This research provides valuable contributions to the further development of TDC in the field.
Transfer twin support matrix machine using rescaled pinball loss for roller bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Wang Meng , Gao Jingwei , Tang Anbo , Pan Haiyang
Published: November 2024

The support matrix machine (SMM) takes matrix-based data as input elements, which can protect the structural information of matrix-based data extracted from vibration signals and has good classification performance. However, in practical applications, due to the limitation of mechanical equipment and monitoring technology, there is often an insufficient number of annotation samples for SMM to find the optimal hyperplane. Therefore, a novel transfer twin SMM (TTSMM) is proposed in this article. In TTSMM, the structural information from the source data is transferred to the target model by simultaneously training on both the source and target data, which helps to establish a high-performance model using a limited number of labeled samples. Furthermore, a rescaled pinball loss function is used in TTSMM, which is bounded and utilizes quantile distance to further improve the generalization ability of the model. Finally, the proposed method is implemented on two kinds of roller bearing fault data sets including the variable speed vibration signal from Anhui University of Technology (AHUT) and the constant speed vibration signal from Case Western Reserve University (CWRU). The experimental results show that TTSMM effectively utilizes samples from both the source and target domains for modeling and has superior classification ability with a limited number of labeled samples.
On the very weak solution to the Navier–Stokes equations
Authors: Ding Huiting , Tan Wenke
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we establish a supercritical criterion to distinguish Leray–Hopf weak solutions from very weak solutions. Moreover, we also establish a localized version of Galdi’s theory in Galdi (2019 Proc. Am. Math. Soc.
147 5349–59) and extend the localized Ladyzhenskaya–Prodi–Serrin criterion from weak solutions to very weak solutions.
Electron and muon dynamics in neutron stars beyond chemical equilibrium
Authors: Kopp Joachim , Opferkuch Toby
Published: November 2024

A neutron star harbors 𝒪(1056) electrons in its core, and almost the same
number of muons, with muon decay prohibited by Pauli blocking. However, as macroscopic properties
of the star such as its mass, rotational velocity, or magnetic field evolve over time, the
equilibrium lepton abundances (dictated by the weak interactions) change as well. Scenarios where
this can happen include spin-down, accretion, magnetic field decay, and tidal deformation. We
discuss the mechanisms by which a star disrupted in one of these ways re-establishes lepton
chemical equilibrium. In most cases, the dominant processes are out-of-equilibrium Urca reactions,
the rates of which we compute for the first time. If, however, the equilibrium muon abundance
decreases, while the equilibrium electron abundance increases (or decreases less than the
equilibrium muon abundance), outward diffusion of muons plays a crucial role as well. This is true
in particular for stars older than about 104 yrs whose core
has cooled to ≲ 20 keV. The muons decay in a region where
Pauli blocking is lifted, and we argue that these decays lead to a flux of
𝒪(10 MeV) neutrinos. Realistically, however, this flux
will remain undetectable for the foreseeable
future.
Intermediately coupled type-II superconductivity in a La-based kagome metal La3Al
Authors: Yu 于 Yingpeng 英鹏 , Liu 刘 Zhaolong 兆龙 , Chen 陈 Zhaoxu 昭旭 , Li 李 Qi 琦 , Wang 王 Yulong 玉龙 , Wang 王 Xuhui 旭辉 , Gong 龚 Chunsheng 春生 , Zhuang 庄 Zhaotong 照通 , Ruan 阮 Bin-Bin 彬彬 , Ren 任 Huifen 会芬 , Sun 孙 Peijie 培杰 , Guo 郭 Jian-Gang 建刚 , Jin 金 Shifeng 士锋
Published: November 2024

We present a comprehensive investigation into the superconducting properties of La3Al, a La-based metal with a kagome structure. La3Al crystallizes in a Ni3Sn-type crystal structure (space group P63/mmc), where the La atoms form a kagome lattice. Resistivity measurements reveal superconducting transition with

T
c

onset

=
6.37

K and

T
c

zero

=
6.18

K. In magnetic susceptibility measurements, the superconducting transition is observed at 6.16 K. The lower and upper critical fields are determined to be 22.17 mT and 6.69 T, respectively. Heat capacity measurements confirm the bulk superconductivity, showing a normalized specific heat change of ΔC
e / (γT
c) = 2.16 and an electron–phonon coupling strength of λ
ep = 0.92. DFT calculations reveal the intricate band structure of La3Al. The notable specific heat jump, coupled with the electron–phonon coupling strength λ
ep, indicates that La3Al exhibits characteristics of an intermediately coupled type-II superconductor.
Improving concrete structures with engineered cementitious composites and kevlar sheets: an affordable retrofitting solution for earthquake resistance
Authors: Anbazhagan Praveena , Pachaiappan Thamilselvi
Published: November 2024

This paper outlines experimental and analytical studies focused on strengthened concrete specimens using Engineered Cementitious Composites and use of Kevlar sheets is highlighted as one of the most effective techniques for achieving the desired structural reinforcement and extending the lifespan of structures. The research examines the mechanical properties of retrofitted concrete and material characterizations of ECC such as Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy dispersive x-ray analyses were also carried out to corroborate the durability properties of ECC and Kevlar-wrapped specimens, specifically assessing compressive, tensile, and flexural strength. In this study, fiber-reinforced cementitious materials featuring a 2% volume fraction of hybrid fibers comprising hooked-end steel and polyvinyl alcohol fibers were employed to strengthen the concrete structure. This additional layer enhances tensile strength and aids in crack management, necessitating proper curing to ensure strength gain over a specified duration. Kevlar fabric sheets are carefully applied to the ECC surface using resin to create a strong bond between the Kevlar and the underlying material, resulting in a durable retrofitted structure. Preliminary experimental data supported numerical modelling of the specimens using finite element analysis. The numerical results regarding the retrofitted strength of hardened concrete were compared with experimental outcomes. The findings showed that the maximum load of the strengthened samples increased by 6.5%. Additionally, the retrofitted strength prior to complete failure rose by 10.6%. In conclusion, the integration of hybrid fibers for reinforcement and Kevlar for retrofitting proves to be a cost-effective and straightforward approach.
Multi-objective optimization in EDM of functionally graded Fe-Al using grey relational analysis
Authors: Shubber Fatima L , Al-Shafaie Saad Hameed , Radhi Nabaa S
Published: November 2024

Functionally Graded Materials (FGMs) are multipurpose materials with a specific goal of managing changes in structural, thermal, or functional qualities. They feature a spatial variation in microstructure and/or composition. The current work prepared three layers of sample with different chemical compositions of Fe-Al FGM (50 Al-50 Fe, 45 Al-55 Fe, and 40 Al-60 Fe) at. % produced by powder metallurgy, then studied the machining behavior of these samples. The literature on the machining behavior of FGM was reviewed, and the influence of electrical discharge machine (EDM) process parameters such as voltage (V), current (I), pulse-on time, and pulse-off time on performance characteristics (material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and surface roughness (Ra)) was investigated. The optimal machining settings for Fe-Al FGM samples will be ascertained by use of Grey Relational Analysis (GRA), which is based on the Taguchi approach, after an experimental investigation of the L18 orthogonal array design of trials. The GRA findings verify that V 140 volts, Ip10 A, Ton 100 μs, and Toff 75 μs is the optimal combination of process parameters. It has been found that the voltage is more significantly affected than the rest of the input parameters to obtain greater material removal rate (MRR) and lower tool wear rate (EWR) and surface roughness (Ra) through the response table. According to the study, choosing the right process parameters can improve the multi-performance feature.
Experimental study on fire characteristics of urban rectangular tunnels based on different slopes
Authors: Zhou Xueyong , An Ke , Wang Zhenwei , Qiao Dan , Li Linjie , Li Shilei
Published: November 2024

To explore the combustion pattern and temperature distribution law of urban rectangular tunnels when a fire occurs. Considering the influence of variables such as different firepower, fire source spacing, and tunnel slope, the vertical and horizontal flame combustion patterns and tunnel temperature distribution of double fire sources under different slopes were studied by the indoor model experiment method. The results show that under the same conditions of the fire source spacing ratio μ, when the slope of a rectangular tunnel is between 0% and 3%, the influence of dual flames combustion morphology on tunnel slope is relatively small; When the tunnel slope is 4% to 5%, that has a significant impact on the combustion morphology of dual flames, and the flames are more dispersed and sparse than the tunnel slope is between 0% and 3%. As the tunnel slope increases, a high-temperature zone forms at the top of the tunnel and gradually moves towards the uphill direction of the tunnel, the high-temperature area gradually decreases as the slope increases with the same μ. The research results provide a theoretical basis for the fire protection design standards and fire prevention measures of urban rectangular tunnels.
India’s National Green Hydrogen Mission: an analysis of the strategies, policies for net-zero emissions and sustainability
Authors: Sambasivam Balasubramanian , Narayana Sarma Rakesh
Published: November 2024

Green hydrogen (GH2) is emerging as a promising option for decarbonizing the energy, transport, and industrial sectors, playing a critical role in addressing climate change. India aims to achieve energy independence by 2047 and net-zero emissions by 2070. To realize these goals, the country has launched the National Green Hydrogen Mission, with a vision to become a global leader in GH2 production, electrolyzer manufacturing, and export. This article provides an overview of the National Green Hydrogen Mission’s initiatives, state-level policies supporting GH2, and key projects undertaken by public and private sector organizations. As part of the mission, India plans to establish a GH2 production capacity of at least 5 million metric tonnes per year and develop 60–100 GW of electrolyzer capacity. The government has initiated pilot projects focusing on the use of GH2 in shipping, long-haul mobility, and the steel industry. A SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) analysis of hydrogen energy in India is presented. The challenges posed by high equipment costs and the need for more indigenous technologies have been highlighted. The possibility of reducing fossil fuel imports, enhanced energy security, and the availability of a skilled workforce present significant opportunities and strengths. Key policy recommendations for enhancing GH2 production in India include encouraging all states to support the development, offering interest-free loans and incentives, and promoting Research and Development by establishing centres of excellence and fostering international collaboration.
Negligent Warfare
Authors: Abraham Haim
Published: November 2024

Following the argument in Chapter 2, while engaging in belligerent activities, combatants and states owe an ordinary duty of care to avoid wrongfully interfering with individuals’ rights. This chapter shows that concerns that a duty of care in tort would result in over-deterrence are not supported by theoretical and empirical studies of the impact of liability on state actors. Furthermore, arguments that a duty of care in tort would be unjust due to an inability to exercise judgment during armed conflicts are outweighed by rule of law considerations. There are, therefore, sufficient reasons to recognize a legal duty of care in belligerent activities. The chapter also argues that it is possible to deduce the relevant standard of care by examining what international humanitarian law and the rules of engagement require of combatants and states. Lastly, the chapter demonstrates that while warfare can raise complex causal issues, these issues could be addressed through ordinary doctrines, such as joint and several liability, and shifting the burden of proof.
Short-Term Effects of Poly-L-Lactic Acid-b-Polyethylene Glycol Microsphere Injection on Different Adipose Tissue Types in Rats
Authors: Yang Wei , Niu Huanyun , He Tong , Zhang Zilin , Wang Shiwei , Ren Shuang , Wang Lin
Published: November 2024

Background

Wrinkles and sagging, characteristics of aging, are associated with reductions in collagen and fat. Poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) is widely used clinically as a tissue filler owing to its good biocompatibility and ability to improve wrinkles and signs of aging. Despite extensive studies of the mechanism of action of PLLA when used as a dermal filler, few studies have examined its effects on adipose tissue.

Objectives

The short-term effects of PLLA-b-polyethylene glycol (PEG) microspheres implanted in subcutaneous back adipose tissue (BAT) and visceral epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) of rats were examined.

Methods

The authors divided 15 male Sprague–Dawley rats into 5 groups based on implantation time, and PLLA-b-PEG microspheres were implanted into the BAT (3 groups were sampled at 6, 8, and 12 weeks) and EAT (2 groups were sampled at 6 and 12 weeks) of rats. Tissue samples were collected at different time points postimplantation and subjected to histological analyses using hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome, and immunofluorescence staining.

Results

Implantation of PLLA-b-PEG microspheres into different adipose tissues resulted in a mild and persistent inflammatory reaction, increased fibrous connective tissue, and noticeable collagen regeneration. Immunofluorescence showed the upregulation of uncoupling protein (UCP) 1 and UCP2 in the visceral adipose tissue surrounding the implant.

Conclusions

PLLA-b-PEG microspheres exhibited good tissue compatibility and induced an increase in fibrous connective tissue postimplantation, potentially mitigating oxidative damage and improving adipose tissue quality.

Level of Evidence: 5 (Therapeutic)
Tranexamic Acid Application in Facial Aesthetic Surgery: An Umbrella Review
Authors: Ahmed Mohamed Badie , Assami Deemah , Nasrallah Dima , Saoud Al-Mohannadi Fatima , Al-Maraghi Salwa , Ahmed Abdelrahman Badie , Alsherawi Abeer
Published: November 2024

Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic agent that is considered as one of the latest interventions currently being investigated in the field of facial aesthetic surgeries, as it is predicted to be effective in reducing intraoperative and postoperative complications of facial aesthetic surgeries. This review focuses on giving readers a comprehensive overview regarding the use of TXA in facial aesthetic surgeries. In this umbrella review, data were extracted from existing systematic reviews and meta-analysis that focused on the use of TXA in facial aesthetic surgeries. The authors searched PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases. The data were extracted using a standard format, and the AMSTAR-2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) tool was used to assess the quality of the included reviews. In total, this study included 14 systematic reviews and meta-analyses all of which evaluated the effect of TXA on facial aesthetic surgeries, which included rhinoplasty, septorhinoplasty, rhytidectomy, and blepharoplasty. The majority of the included studies focused on reporting the effect of TXA on blood loss volume (BLV) and duration of surgery (DOS) as well as other postoperative complications. Eleven out of the 12 studies that focused on rhinoplasty showed that TXA used reduced BLV. In addition, in 8 studies that were focusing on DOS, the majority showed a reduction in DOS with TXA use. While in the case of septorhinoplasty, 3 studies revealed that TXA use decreased BLV. Moreover, in the case of rhytidectomy, 3 out of 6 systematic reviews showed reduction in BLV, while 2 reported reductions in DOS. Finally, the authors conclude that the use of TXA is indeed efficient in reducing BLV and DOS, in addition to some of the complications that can occur during or after facial aesthetic surgeries. However, in order to reach a final decision on the implication of the use of TXA in facial aesthetic surgeries, further studies should be established using a standardized protocol in assessing the desired outcomes.
Altered gait speed and brain network connectivity in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Wang Shichan , Xiao Yi , Hou Yanbing , Li Chunyu , Lin Junyu , Yang Tianmi , Che Ningning , Jiang Qirui , Zheng Xiaoting , Liu Jiyong , Shang Huifang
Published: November 2024

Slow gait speed and disrupted brain network connectivity are common in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). This study aimed to clarify the relationship between gait speed and clinical characteristics in PD, and explore the underlying brain network mechanisms. Forty-two PD patients and 20 healthy controls (HC) were recruited. Statistical independent component analysis and correlation analysis were employed to investigate underlying neural mechanisms and relationships. PD patients exhibited significantly slower gait speed, which showed a significant negative correlation with postural instability and gait disturbance scores. Network connectivity analysis revealed decreased intranetwork functional connectivity (FC) within visual network (VN) and cerebellum network (CN), but increased internetwork FC between CN and both sensorimotor network (SMN) and frontoparietal network (FPN) in PD patients compared to HC. The slow gait speed PD subgroup demonstrated increased intranetwork FC within SMN and VN, along with decreased FC between VN and both FPN and default mode network. Correlation analyses revealed negative correlation between gait speed and FC of CN and positive correlation to FC of CN-SMN. Our study identified relationships between gait speed and clinical characteristics, and corresponding network connectivity alterations in PD patients, providing insights into the neural mechanisms underlying gait impairments in PD.