bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Drip‐and‐Ship Versus Mothership Delivery Models of Mechanical Thrombectomy Delivery
Authors: D'Anna Lucio , Dolkar Tsering , Vittay Orsolya , Dixon Luke , Foschi Matteo , Russo Michele , Levee Viva , Bentley Paul , Brown Zoe , Hall Charles , Halse Omid , Jamil Sohaa , Jenkins Harri , Kalladka Dheeraj , Kwan Joseph , Malik Abid , Patel Maneesh , Rane Neil , Roi Dylan , Singh Abhinav , Venter Marius , Taylor Eleanor , Lobotesis Kyriakos , Banerjee Soma ,   the Imperial Stroke Thrombectomy Investigators
Published: December 2022

Background

It remains uncertain whether the drip‐and‐ship (DS) strategy (transport to the nearest primary stroke centers) or the mothership (MS) model (direct transportation to the comprehensive stroke center) is the organizational stroke model associated with the best functional outcome in acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion. In this study, we compared the periprocedural complications and outcomes at 90 days of acute stroke patients with large vessel occlusion of the anterior circulation directly admitted to our comprehensive stroke center compared to those referred from primary stroke centers treated with mechanical thrombectomy.

Methods

This is a single‐center prospective observational study where patients with DS and MS were compared regarding the disability at 90 days, as assessed by applying the modified Rankin scale, the rate of successful reperfusion, and the rate of immediate complications postprocedure.

Results

Of 579 patients, 216 (37.30%) were MS, and 363 (62.7%) were DS. There was no difference regarding the modified Rankin scale at 3 months between the MS (36.4%) and DS (39.3%) groups of patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (
P
=0.362). There was no significant difference regarding the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale at 24 hours, mortality at 90 days, and rate of successful recanalization postprocedure between the 2 groups. DS was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (odds ratio, 5.414 [95% CI, 1.572–18.644];
P
=0.007).

Conclusion

Our single‐center study showed no difference in terms of functional independence between the DS and MS organizational paradigm. DS was associated with an increased risk of hemorrhagic transformation and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.
The Linz Zoocode project. Sixth report of activities (2022). Nomenclatural availability. 5. Optical disc publication
Authors: DUBOIS ALAIN , AESCHT ERNA , ANEESH PANAKKOOL THAMBAN , CERÍACO LUIS M. P. , DANIEL GIMO M. , DE PRINS JURATE , ENGEL MICHAEL S. , FRÉTEY THIERRY , LÖBL IVAN , LORVELEC OLIVIER , MARINOV MILEN , OHLER ANNEMARIE , SCHMITT MICHAEL , WHITTINGTON ANDREW , YOUNG MARK T. , BAUER AARON M.
Published: December 2022

This sixth report of activities of the Linz Zoocode Committee is devoted to the result of the enquiry launched by this Committee in 2021 about the status of new nomina and nomenclatural acts published so far on CD-ROMs. After a discussion of some problems of interpretation raised by Articles 8.4.2, 8.1.2 and 9.12 of the Code, we provide information about four periodicals (Pod@rcis, Snudebiller, Euscorpius and Palaeontologia Electronica) and an isolated paper originally published on CD-ROMs. Only two periodicals respected the Code’s requirements for nomenclatural promulgation of works on CD-ROMs before 2013, and therefore made new nomina and nomenclatural acts available through this mode of publication: Snudebiller for all its papers so published from 2000 to 2009 and for a few of its papers so published from 2010 to 2012; and Euscorpius for all its papers published from 2001 to 2012. All the other CD-ROM publications of new nomina and nomenclatural acts that we examined did not respect the Code’s criteria and are therefore nomenclaturally unavailable.
First record of Aquilegia grubovii (Ranunculaceae) for Russia and key to all currently known species in the country
Authors: ERST ANDREY S. , SHAULO DMITRY N. , BAASANMUNKH SHUKHERDORJ , CHOI HYEOK JAE , KAIGALOV IGOR V. , KULIKOVSKIY MAXIM S. , MALTSEVA SVETLANA YU. , LIAN LIAN , WANG WEI
Published: December 2022

We report the first record of Aquilegia grubovii (Ranunculaceae) for Russia, a rare species previously known from five localities in Mongolia. The species belongs to A. sect. Aquilegia subsect. Aquilegia and is characterized by curved or hooked spurs slightly longer than the limb of petals, 2–2.8 mm long, straight only at the top diverging fruits with stylodia 2 times shorter than follicles, smooth or tuberculate seed surface and stems covered with simple and glandular hairs. The new records of Aquilegia grubovii are located in the Azas Nature Reserve, which is situated in the central part of the Todzha basin, Tuva Republic (a large intermountain trough within the Altai-Sayan mountain region) of south-central Asia about 500 km west of Lake Baikal. We provide an assessment of the conservation status, geographical distribution and habitat of Aquilegia grubovii, along with an identification key to all species from Russia.
How strange: Coenosia curiosa sp. nov. (Diptera: Muscidae), the first recorded Tiger fly from Lesotho, with revision of the Coenosia globuliseta-group
Authors: MULLER BURGERT S. , MIDGLEY JOHN M.
Published: December 2022

A new species of tiger fly, Coenosia curiosa sp. nov., is described from the Kingdom of Lesotho. It is also the first record of the genus for Lesotho. An identification key is provided for the C. globuliseta-group, which now includes four species with aberrant males that have enlarged apically globular frontal setae, thus far known only from southern Africa. Diagnoses, material examined and terminalia illustrations for all known species of the C. globuliseta-group are also provided.
Linkages between Potential Vorticity Streamer Activity and Tropical Cyclone Predictability on Subseasonal Time Scales
Authors: Papin Philippe P. , Reynolds Carolyn A. , Janiga Matthew A.
Published: December 2022

Potential vorticity streamers (PVSs) are elongated filaments of high-PV air near the tropopause. In the warm season, anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking (AWB) produces enhanced PVS activity, which in turn modifies the equatorward tropical environment by enhancing vertical wind shear (VWS). This enhanced VWS can play an important role in suppressing nearby tropical cyclone (TC) activity. Given the important role that PVSs play in modifying their local environment, forecasts of PVS activity on subseasonal time scales may also influence forecasts of TC activity. This study uses Navy Earth System Prediction Capability (Navy ESPC) 45-day forecasts initialized during boreal summer 2009–15 to investigate subseasonal predictability of PVSs and TCs in the North Atlantic. PVSs are identified on the 350-K isentropic surface bounded by the 2 PV unit (PVU; 1 PVU = 10−6 K kg−1 m2 s−1) contour and defined as the high-PV trough axis downstream of the AWB axis. TCs are identified in the forecasts using the TempestExtremes detection algorithm that tracks warm-core lows. PVS and TC activity metrics that sum the number and intensity of events for a given time period are also computed. We first use skill scores and mean-state biases to determine the typical predictability of PVS activity, and then subselect high- and low-PVS-activity forecasts to determine how PVS forecast errors impact TC activity forecast errors. Results show that PVS activity can modulate TC activity at subseasonal time scales, with over-forecasted PVS activity corresponding to underestimated forecasts of TC activity and vice versa. This inverse correlation is consistent with enhanced VWS occurring equatorward of PVS troughs in the high-PVS forecasts.
Simulations of Severe Convective Systems Using 1- versus 3-km Grid Spacing
Authors: Weisman Morris L. , Manning Kevin W. , Sobash Ryan A. , Schwartz Craig S.
Published: December 2022

Herein, 14 severe quasi-linear convective systems (QLCS) covering a wide range of geographical locations and environmental conditions are simulated for both 1- and 3-km horizontal grid resolutions, to further clarify their comparative capabilities in representing convective system features associated with severe weather production. Emphasis is placed on validating the simulated reflectivity structures, cold pool strength, mesoscale vortex characteristics, and surface wind strength. As to the overall reflectivity characteristics, the basic leading-line trailing stratiform structure was often better defined at 1 versus 3 km, but both resolutions were capable of producing bow echo and line echo wave pattern type features. Cold pool characteristics for both the 1- and 3-km simulations were also well replicated for the differing environments, with the 1-km cold pools slightly colder and often a bit larger. Both resolutions captured the larger mesoscale vortices, such as line-end or bookend vortices, but smaller, leading-line mesoscale updraft vortices, that often promote QLCS tornadogenesis, were largely absent in the 3-km simulations. Finally, while maximum surface winds were only marginally well predicted for both resolutions, the simulations were able to reasonably differentiate the relative contributions of the cold pool versus mesoscale vortices. The present results suggest that while many QLCS characteristics can be reasonably represented at a grid scale of 3 km, some of the more detailed structures, such as overall reflectivity characteristics and the smaller leading-line mesoscale vortices would likely benefit from the finer 1-km grid spacing.

Significance Statement

High-resolution model forecasts using 3-km grid spacing have proven to offer significant forecast guidance enhancements for severe convective weather. However, it is unclear whether additional enhancements can be obtained by decreasing grid spacings further to 1 km. Herein, we compare forecasts of severe quasi-linear convective systems (QLCS) simulated using 1- versus 3-km grids to document the potential value added of such increases in grid resolutions. It is shown that some significant improvements can be obtained in the representation of many QLCS features, especially as regards reflectivity structure and in the development of small, leading-line mesoscale vortices that can contribute to both severe surface wind and tornado production.
Successful Non-Operative Management of Adhesive Small Bowel Obstruction: Is it Really a Success?
Authors: Terzian W. T. Hillman , Appelbaum Rachel D. , Raposo-Hadley Ashley , Tablazon Ingrid Lorese D. , Duy Lindsay A. N. , Chen Michael Y. , Dyer Raymond B. , Miller Preston R. , Mowery Nathan T.
Published: December 2022

Background

In adhesive small bowel obstructions (ASBOs), literature has shown that passage of a water-soluble contrast challenge at either 8 hours or 24 hours is predictive of successful non-operative management (NOM) for an ASBO, but the long-term outcomes between these two groups are unknown. We hypothesized that patients who require longer transit times to the colon have a higher one-year recidivism of ASBO.

Methods

This was a 4-year review of patients with presumed ASBO undergoing successful NOM. Those requiring operation or those with an SBO due to something other than adhesions were excluded. Patients were divided into two groups (8 hour and 24 hour) based on when contrast reached their right colon. Patients were followed for one year to determine ASBO recurrence.

Results

137 patients underwent NOM; 112 in the 8-hour group and 25 in the 24-hour group. One-year recurrence rate was 21.4% in the 8-hour group and 40% in the 24-hour group ( P = 0.05). The median time to recurrence was 113 days in the 8-hour group and 13 days in the 24-hour group ( P = 0.02). Of those who recurred in the 24-hour group, 60% recurred within 30 days ( P = 0.01). On univariable analysis, first-time ASBO and 24-hour transit time were risk factors for recurrence.

Conclusions

Adhesive small bowel obstruction patients undergoing NOM in the 24-hour group had a recurrence rate nearly twice that of patients in the 8-hour group and may benefit from an operative exploration during the index hospitalization at the 8-hour mark of a water-soluble contrast challenge, especially if experiencing a first-time ASBO.
George Soares-Prabhu’s Christology
Authors: Schweitzer Don
Published: December 2022

This article studies the Christology of Indian biblical theologian George Soares-Prabhu. It argues that Canadian theologians can learn from Soares-Prabhu on four points: (1) the way he negotiated the tension between the contextuality of a liberating theology and the universality of its truth claims; (2) the dialectical relationship between Indian culture and the biblical traditions in his approach to Christology; (3) his notion of the Jesus of faith as a way of surmounting the tension between the Jesus of history and the Christ of faith; and (4) his emphasis on understanding Jesus through his public ministry as narrated in the Synoptic Gospels, read in light of the suffering of the poor and oppressed in India. Although Soares-Prabhu died in 1995, western theologians can still learn from him on all these points. However, a fifth aspect – his repudiation of the Christological affirmations of the Councils of Nicaea and Chalcedon – seems one-sided.
Extraction and characterization of novel natural lignocellulosic fibers from Malva sylvestris L.
Authors: Meddah Mostefa , Rokbi Mansour , Zaoui Moussa
Published: December 2022

The main goal of this study is to characterize natural lignocellulosic fibers extracted from Malva Sylvestris. The experimental approach used is consisted to analyze the morphological, physical, chemical, thermal and mechanical characteristics of Malva sylvistris fibers. The stem anatomy showed that the bark of Malva is rich in fiber cells. Based on ATR-FTIR and X-ray analysis, the obtained results illustrated that the fiber contained mainly cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The crystallinity index of fiber is about 55.12 %, which indicated a high cellulose content. The Thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) analysis test point out that Malva Sylvestris fibers are thermally stable until 225°C and an apparent activation energy about of 111 kJ.mol−1 was recorded. Tensile strength of Malva fibers is about of 236.64 ± 93.33 MPa whilst its young’s modulus is about of 26.07 ± 5.14 GPa. In view of the dispersion in the obtained experimental results, the latter were analyzed using the Weibull statistical laws with two parameters.
Imagination Versus Telepresence: Consumer Patronage Intention Toward Peer-to-Peer Accommodations in Photo-Enhanced Imaginative Conditions and Virtual Reality Contexts
Authors: Fan Xiaojun , Jiang Xinyu , Deng Nianqi
Published: December 2022

The use of information and communication technology, such as virtual reality (VR) and photo-enhanced imaginative condition (PIC), in the online previews of peer-to-peer accommodations at the pre-reservation stage has become a common phenomenon. However, previous research has not systematically compared the impact of these two preview modes on accommodation reservations or the psychological mechanism and moderators of the impact. We combined duality theories and the technology-enabled engagement process model to establish that a VR/PIC preview enhances consumers’ appraisal and their intention to patronize P2P accommodations through cognitive and affective engagement. Furthermore, the VR/PIC preview’s effect on patronage intention was found to be influenced by the motivation for consumer reservation: consumers form a positive appraisal when the target accommodation type (comfortable vs. economical) matches the preview mode (PIC vs. VR). Finally, the message appeal emphasis (informational vs. emotional) of advertising was found to moderate the effect of the VR/PIC preview.
Curing and thermal comparative study of rosin epoxy thermosets with bio-based imidoamines and commercial curing agents
Authors: Thakur Tamanna , Gaur Bharti
Published: December 2022

This paper includes the curing of previously synthesized multifunctional bio-based epoxy resins (PEMPAE/TMPAE) with rosin-based imidoamine curing agents (IAMDK/IASDK/IAEDK) which are nucleophilic addition reaction products of diamino diphenyl ether (DDE) and dimaleopimaryl ketone (DMPK), a dehydrodecarboxylated derivative of MPA. Curing dynamics of rosin-based epoxy resins (PEMPAE/TMPAE) with rosin-based imidoamine curing agents (IAMDK/IASDK/IAEDK) were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry. For comparison, the bio-based epoxy resins were also cured with rosin derivative dimaleopimaryl ketone (DMPK) and commercial-based diamino diphenyl ether (DDE). The universal testing machine and thermogravimetric analyzer) were used to measure the mechanical properties and thermal stability of the cured epoxy samples. The samples’ chemical resistance was assessed by calculating the weight loss in percent after they were submerged in solutions of NaOH, HCl, and NaCl. We also used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to examine the morphological changes. Rosin-based epoxy cured with imidoamine curing agents outperformed the commercial epoxy in terms of performance.
The interconnected school context: Meta-analyses of the associations between peer aggression involvement and teacher-student relationship closeness
Authors: Krause Amanda , David Smith J.
Published: December 2022

A growing body of literature has documented the contribution of teacher-student relationship quality to both persistence and reduction in peer aggression incidents in the school context. The research literature indicates that students who are involved in peer aggression also tend to experience lower levels of closeness in their relationships with their teachers. However, these study results have not yet been aggregated, and the size and direction of effects remains unclear. In the present study we quantitatively synthesized 66 individual studies (Nstudents = 352,376) in two meta-analyses by aggregating cross-sectional associations between peer aggression involvement and teacher-student relationship closeness that have been reported in the literature over the last 20 years. A small, negative, and significant association was found between perpetration and victimization and teacher-student relationship closeness, indicating that students who experience greater involvement in peer aggression also have relationships with their teachers that are lacking in closeness. Three moderator analyses were also conducted. No moderating effect was found for school level or measure type; however, a significant moderating effect was found for informant type. The results from the meta-analyses lead to direct recommendations for practice regarding how we can best support students’ psychosocial development in the school context.
All power to the imagination: Sartre and Castoriadis
Authors: Rae Gavin
Published: December 2022

Despite Jean-Paul Sartre and Cornelius Castoriadis placing the imagination centre stage in their respective conceptual theories, little work has been done to bring them into conversation on this issue or, indeed, any other. This is perhaps not surprising given Sartre’s early work on this topic has tended to be downplayed in favour of his affirmation of freedom, while Castoriadis not only denigrates Sartre’s thinking generally and his account of the imagination specifically but also posits their relationship as one of opposition. In contrast, this article brings them into conversation on the question of the imagination to call into question Castoriadis assessment of their relation. To do so, I outline Sartre’s position in The Imaginary, showing that Castoriadis assessment of Sartre’s notion is based on a problematic, if common, misunderstanding of Sartre’s notion of nothingness and its relationship to creativity. Having overcome the opposition that Castoriadis affirms between their respective positions, I argue that, while there certainly are differences between their positions, there are also important points of agreement and overlap between them, especially regarding the constitutive role that the imagination plays for consciousness, and the relationships between the imagination and freedom and the imagination and creativity, that point to a shared and original approach.
Are Gender-Neutral Pronouns Really Neutral? Testing a Male Bias in the Grammatical Genderless Languages Turkish and Finnish
Authors: Renström Emma A , Lindqvist Anna , Akbas Gulcin , Hekanaho Laura , Sendén Marie Gustafsson
Published: December 2022

Languages differ in how grammatically salient gender is. We explored if grammatically gender-neutral pronouns in Finnish and Turkish, two grammatically genderless languages, are gender neutral or male biased, thereby activating male, rather than female, exemplars. We also tested whether differences in national level gender equality influence the male bias. Results indicated a male bias in both languages, whereas national level gender equality had no influence. Implications for gender-fair language reforms in grammatically genderless languages are discussed.
Mechanical and acoustic properties of alkali treated agricultural waste reinforced sustainable polyurethane composites
Authors: Kocak Emine Dilara , Olcay Hilal , Yildiz Zehra
Published: December 2022

In this research, polyurethane (PU) foam composites were prepared by using various agricultural waste (rice husk, corn silk, artichoke stem) particles. In order to enhance the compatibility and adhesion between the waste particle and PU matrix, alkali treatment was employed. The alkali treated particles were chemically and morphologically characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, cellulose determination instrument, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The effects of the alkali treatment on the structural, morphological, mechanical, and acoustic properties of the overall PU foam composites were all examined. Due to the differences in chemical compositions of the agricultural wastes, the alkali treatment affected the acoustic and mechanical properties of the PU foam composites in varying ratios. The PU foam composite reinforced with alkali treated artichoke stem waste particles showed the highest tensile strength value of 265 kPa, whereas the highest sound absorption value of 40.5% as an enhancement on the acoustic properties compared to the blank PU foam composite was recorded in corn silk waste particle loaded sample.
Disease Burden in Children With Spinal Muscular Atrophy: Results From a Large Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Rosero Spencer , Weinstein Jennifer , Seabury Jamison , Zizzi Christine , Wagner Ellen , Varma Anika , Heatwole John , Alexandrou Danae , MS Nuran Dilek , Johnson Brent A. , Heatwole Chad
Published: December 2022

Background:To facilitate advances in spinal muscular atrophy therapeutic research, it is important to determine the impact and prevalence of symptoms experienced by children with spinal muscular atrophy. Methods: We conducted qualitative interviews with caregivers of children with spinal muscular atrophy. From these interviews, we generated a survey inquiring about 260 symptoms of importance grouped into 17 symptomatic themes. Results: Sixteen caregivers of children with spinal muscular atrophy aged from 4 months to 12 years participated in initial interviews, and 77 caregivers completed the survey. Higher symptom prevalence was associated with spinal muscular atrophy type, SMN2 copy number, and functional status. Hip, thigh, or knee weakness had the greatest reported impact on the lives of children with spinal muscular atrophy. Conclusions: This research provides one of the largest data sets regarding disease burden in children with spinal muscular atrophy. The most prevalent symptoms are not identical to those with the greatest impact. This unique insight into the most impactful symptoms will help focus therapeutic development in spinal muscular atrophy.
The platformization of digital philanthropy in China: State, tech companies, and philanthropy engineering
Authors: Song Qi , Lee Chengpang , Han Ling
Published: December 2022

Although there may be disagreement about the consequences of technology, such as the Internet, on Chinese philanthropy, there is consensus that giant tech companies have profoundly reshaped the field. One outcome is that this has led to the rise of digital philanthropy. The extant studies on the impact of the Internet on philanthropic practices tend to be limited to investigations of a specific platform (e.g. Weibo), while overlooking the heterogeneity of tech-empowered digital philanthropy in China. This study is an introduction to the diversity and the platformization of digital philanthropy. We use a snowball sampling online survey (n = 2132) to examine people’s attitudes towards digital philanthropy to understand user perceptions of some of the most common digital philanthropy platforms and products. The sample captures more educated mobile phone users already active on digital platforms. Based on the results, we categorize and discuss the three most mentioned types of digital philanthropy products: event-based products, issue-based products, and gamified mini-programs. We provide some insight on how these philanthropic products are engineered to blur the boundaries between online and offline activities to leverage tech companies’ mega platforms. The platformization of digital philanthropy has potential consequences for the evolving state–business–society relationship.
Intertext and allusion in Jewish-Greek literature: An introduction
Authors: Dhont Marieke
Published: December 2022

In the introduction to this special volume, Dhont reflects on Jewish literature in Greek as a research topic and contextualizes the primary research question that lies at the heart of the volume, namely, how did Greek-speaking Jews in the Hellenistic period navigate the multicultural encounter between Jewish and Greek traditions? The study of intertextuality and allusion provides a philological entry point into looking at the ways in which Jewish-Greek authors expressed their position in the cultural matrix of the ancient Mediterranean.
Study on the aging properties of 3D woven composites under corrosive conditions
Authors: Xu Liang , Xiao Jinghou , Zhou Song
Published: December 2022

Different aging conditions have an important influence on the performance of carbon fiber composites. In this study, the properties of three-dimensional woven carbon fiber reinforced resin matrix composites were investigated and analyzed in three different aging environments (distilled water immersion, 30% H2SO4 solution immersion, and 10% NaOH solution immersion) at 60°C. Mass change, moisture absorption change, Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), surface morphology before and after aging, glass transition temperature (Tg), compression properties, bending properties, and interlayer shear properties were analyzed. The results showed that the immersion in 10% NaOH solution made the specimens destroyed and the aging process was chemically changed. Distilled water immersion and 30% H2SO4 solution immersion moisture absorption rate to meet the FICK law, the aging process only physical changes. The surface of the composite specimens under the three aging conditions produced different degrees of cracks and different degrees of debonding at the interface between the fibers and the resin matrix. The Tg, flexural properties, interlaminar shear properties, and compressive properties of the aged specimens all showed different degrees of degradation.
Clinical Impact of Melphalan Pharmacokinetics on Transplantation Outcomes in Children Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Maemura Ryo , Wakamatsu Manabu , Matsumoto Kana , Sakaguchi Hirotoshi , Yoshida Nao , Hama Asahito , Yoshida Taro , Miwata Shunsuke , Kitazawa Hironobu , Narita Kotaro , Kataoka Shinsuke , Ichikawa Daisuke , Hamada Motoharu , Taniguchi Rieko , Suzuki Kyogo , Kawashima Nozomu , Nishikawa Eri , Narita Atsushi , Okuno Yusuke , Nishio Nobuhiro , Kato Koji , Kojima Seiji , Morita Kunihiko , Muramatsu Hideki , Takahashi Yoshiyuki
Published: December 2022

Melphalan is widely used for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) conditioning. However, the relationship between its pharmacokinetic (PK) and transplantation outcomes in children has not been thoroughly investigated. We prospectively analyzed the relationship between melphalan area under the curve (AUC) and transplantation outcome and examined the development of a predictive model for melphalan clearance in children. This study included 43 children aged 0 to 19 years who underwent HSCT following a melphalan-based conditioning regimen from 2017 to 2021. In univariable analysis, high-melphalan AUC resulted in a significantly lower cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease and a higher cumulative incidence of thrombotic microangiopathy, although no significant difference was observed in survival. Regression analysis of a randomly selected derivation cohort ( n = 21) revealed the following covariate PK model: predicted melphalan clearance (mL/min) = 6.47 × 24-h urinary creatinine excretion rate (CER, g/day) × 24-h creatinine clearance rate (CCR, mL/min) + 92.8. In the validation cohort ( n = 22), the measured melphalan clearance values were significantly correlated with those calculated based on the prediction equation ( R2 = 0.663). These results indicate that melphalan exposure may be optimized by adjusting the melphalan dose according to CER and CCR.
Robert Lawson Tait (1845–1899): The true innovator of aseptic surgery?
Authors: Macintyre Iain , Hughes Sean
Published: December 2022

Robert Lawson Tait was an original thinker, a surgical innovator, a controversialist and an iconoclast. He made important contributions to surgery, was an eloquent supporter of Darwinian evolution and women in medicine and opposed vivisection. He is probably best remembered for his high-profile opposition to Listerian antisepsis which continued until his death. While Lister went on to receive the country's highest honours and was lauded throughout the world, Tait received much more modest honours and little subsequent recognition by historians. Yet it could be argued that Tait's system rather than Lister's was the basis of modern aseptic surgery. Tait never changed his views on asepsis over his lifetime and relied on surgical cleanliness, which, combined with his extensive clinical experience, enabled him to achieve outcomes as good or better than with antisepsis. By contrast, Listerism evolved over 30 years, claimed to be based on laboratory data and adopted the new discoveries of the germ theory of disease as they emerged. We compare the systems of Tait and Lister, explore the basis of Tait's opposition to Listerian methods and conclude that Tait's thinking underlies modern surgical practice and that he should receive greater acknowledgement for his contribution to the prevention of surgical infections.
The Surgical Sisterhood – The Experiences of wāhine Māori and Pasifika Aspiring Surgeons
Authors: Tutone Senitila , Fuimaono-Asafo Atua , Wilson Ailsa , Harwood Matire , Love Rachelle , Rahiri Jamie-Lee
Published: December 2022

The establishment of a culturally diverse surgical workforce, largely on the basis of gender, has been highly promoted in Australasia in the last decade. Despite this, discussions of gender diversity in surgery have largely excluded Indigenous women. This study presents the experiences of wāhine Māori and Pasifika doctors in Aotearoa, who formed a surgical sisterhood to support them towards applying for advanced surgical training. Utilising mana wāhine and Masi methodologies, semi-structured interpersonal interviews were undertaken with five wāhine who formed the surgical sisterhood. Following transcription and analysis of all interviews, four key themes were identified. These were mana wāhine, unity, our why and change on the horizon. These themes illustrate the complex and varied experiences of wāhine Māori and Pasifika and how they have navigated their surgical pathways amidst multiple layers of discrimination towards being in a position to apply for advanced surgical training.
The Teacher as a Leader in Creating Environmental Awareness
Authors: Constantia Charalampous , Christos Papademetriou , Papademetriou Antigoni Yiannikou
Published: December 2022

The aim of this research article was to cultivate Environmental Consciousness in members of the school community. The research took place in an Elementary school in Cyprus. It lasted for 6 months (October 2020–March 2021). This research endeavored to employ action research as a methodology. The researchers devised an action plan aimed at instilling a sense of environmental stewardship in the students. Then, the participants critically analyzed the processes and outcomes of the activity, providing a reasoned explanation of what took place. They reflected on both organizational and personal processes and outcomes. Τhe participants’ group consisted of 15 teachers, 1 head teacher, 2 sub-principals, and 250 pupils. The majority of the pupils come from low-income immigrant families. During July and August of 2021, the results of questionnaires, interviews and other material related to the program were analyzed. For the purposes of this study, we used the following research tools: questionnaires, interviews, and personal diaries.
Electronic-learning: Friend or Foe
Authors: Kapoor Gaurav , Chahal Aksh , Sharma Nidhi , Kaur Simranjeet , Hendrik Hendrik
Published: December 2022

The Internet has enormously expanded the domain of technology for diverse ages. The Internet poses enormous technological expansion potential. It can change not just how people accept and adopt knowledge, but also the traditional methodology and architecture of education systems. During the COVID-19 pandemic, e-learning is expanding and being recognized by higher education institutes for the benefit of society. Although e-learning has some shortcomings, it also has numerous benefits. Web-based education has made lifetime learning easier and erased geographical barriers by providing international-standard education. This improves the opportunity to learn and stay current with technology in a competitive environment.
Impact of Teachers’ Racial Diversity on School Culture
Authors: Brion Corinne
Published: December 2022

Leaders set the tone and the culture for their schools. The purpose of this phenomenology study is to examine how the increase in racial diversity among urban middle school teachers impacts the school's culture. The author utilized the Invitational Education model as a conceptual framework. The researcher conducted a total of 28 interviews with teachers, leaders, and students. Findings indicated that students were mostly the ones benefiting from the increase in racial diversity among teachers. Challenges pertained to the educators’ lack of cultural proficiency which negatively affected the school culture. This study contributes to the leadership literature and offers recommendations to leaders and policy makers.
Teacher Agency in Implementing the Getting-to-Know-English for Grade 1 and Grade 2: How Teachers Enacted
Authors: Tran Thao Thi
Published: December 2022

Vietnam’s Ministry of Education and Training issued a new general education curriculum and Getting-to-know-English for Grades 1 and 2. Teachers are crucial to implementing Getting-to-know-English for Grades 1 and 2. However, teacher agency has been understudied, despite recent studies in Vietnam. These studies examined teacher agency in executing the language policy, the pilot English program under the National Foreign Language Project 2020. Little study has been done on how teachers use the Getting-to-know-English in Grades 1 and 2. The current study, based on the ecological approach, seeks to understand how Vietnamese primary teachers utilize the Getting-to-know-English for Grades 1 and 2. Documents and interviews provided data. Data analysis showed that teachers adapted teaching activities and resources, accepted and resisted assessment methods and lesson planning, accepted teaching methods, and accepted and adapted teaching content. Prior professional knowledge and experience, curriculum map and evaluation, students’ learning styles, resources, and professional development program affected teacher agency enactment. The study advises more professional training programs for teachers to implement the Getting-to-know-English for Grades 1 and 2.
Von Willebrand Disease in Older Patients: A Retrospective Electronic Health Record Review
Authors: Seaman Craig D.
Published: December 2022

Von Willebrand disease (VWD) is often diagnosed as a consequence of symptoms experienced with hemostatic stressors, such as menstruation and childbirth. Thus, patients seeking medical care for VWD are generally younger. As a result, the natural course of VWD in older adults has not been well described. A retrospective electronic health record review was performed to provide a descriptive analysis of older VWD patients with at least one clinic visit at the Hemophilia Center of Western Pennsylvania (HCWP) between June 1, 2015, and May 31, 2021, and age 45 or older at the time of the visit. Data collected included VWD-related information, multimorbidity, and medications. Age-related change in von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels and the influence of multimorbidity on VWF levels were assessed. Seventy patients had 131 HCWP clinic visits. Hypertension, 34.3%, and osteoarthritis, 32.3%, were the most common multimorbidity-associated conditions. More than 33% of patients were receiving at least one antihemostatic medication. The most common bleeding symptom was ecchymosis, 22.9%. VWF antigen levels, 0.76 IU/mL, and the proportion of patients with normal VWF levels, 54.5%, increased with age to 0.99 IU/mL, p < 0.001, and 78.8%, p < 0.001, respectively. Multimorbidity did not predict change in VWF levels, p = 0.84. Of 62 invasive procedures performed, bleeding occurred in one of nine where VWD-specific therapy was omitted. These findings underscore the importance of describing the natural course of VWD in older adults, especially the critical nature of determining bleeding risk to guide clinical decision-making with the use of antihemostatic drugs and periprocedural VWD-specific therapy.
“Falling Through the Cracks”: A Retrospective Exploration of the Barriers to Help-Seeking Among Men Convicted of Sexual Crimes
Authors: Swaby Helen , Lievesley Rebecca
Published: December 2022

The prevalence and impact of sexual abuse is of global concern, and the alarming rates of victimization have inspired a focus on its prevention. Whilst research has begun to explore the experiences of non-offending individuals to inform prevention initiatives, there is limited exploration of those who have struggled with their sexual interests and go on to commit sexual crime. Arguably these individuals hold key information about gaps in service provision, which may inform approaches to crime prevention. This study aimed to provide a phenomenological exploration of the pre-offense experiences of convicted individuals’ beliefs about help-seeking, their desires for support, and any barriers that might have prevented them from coming forward for help. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 individuals convicted of sexual offenses ( n = 13 against children; n = 1 sexually motivated violence), and interpretative phenomenological analysis elicited three superordinate themes: Desperation, Barriers to Help-seeking and A Way Forward. The findings shed light on the distressing experience of living with sexual interests that are so openly rejected by society and the many ways participants attempted to cope with this, including multiple failed attempts to seek help. Implications and limitations are discussed.
‘African kids can’: challenging the African gangs narrative on social media
Authors: Moran Claire
Published: December 2022

In 2016, following the ‘Moomba riots’ in Melbourne, the powerful and damaging narrative of ‘African gangs’ reemerged in Australian media and political discourse. The hyper-criminalisation and problematisation of Black African young people as violent and engaging in gang activity, created moral panics that exacerbated already existing anti-Black African sentiment in Australia. This racist ‘majoritarian narrative’ of Black Africans resulted in far-reaching consequences for the African community in Australia, particularly for African young people. Significantly, it has been noted that in the face of these overwhelmingly negative portrayals, African young people felt invisible, disempowered and psychologically defeated by the media. This paper employs the use of the critical race methodology ‘counternarratives’ to explore the use of social media by African young people in Australia to challenge the ‘majoritarian narrative’ of African gangs. Drawing on six months of social media ethnography and multiple participant interviews with African youth participants ( n = 15), this paper argues that social media is a significant site where African young people (re)claim their narratives as African kids who ‘can’.
Capital in illegal online drug markets: How digital capital changes the cultural environment of drug dealing
Authors: Bakken Silje Anderdal , Oksanen Atte , Demant Jakob
Published: December 2022

Digital societies demand technological competence, including for actors in illegal activity. Inspired by Bourdieu’s theory of cultural capital and related criminological concepts such as street capital, this study analyses digital capital as a wider concept relating to digital drug markets that capture both technological and cultural competences. We pursue this empirically via interview data ( N = 107) on social media and darknet drug markets. The overall need for digital competence erodes the earlier divide in drug markets based on either subculture or networks. The need to be familiar with mainstream technological tools and behaviours connects digital drug markets to more general cultural competencies. Consequently, illegal activities become connected with mainstream cultural capital because both fields value the same competencies.
“Am I not human?”: Reasserting humanness in response to group-based dehumanization
Authors: Howe Lauren C. , Schumann Karina , Walton Gregory M.
Published: December 2022

Research on group dehumanization has focused largely on the perpetrators of dehumanization or on its negative emotional and cognitive effects on targets. We theorized that people would also reassert their humanness in response to dehumanizing portrayals of their group. Experiment 1 showed that Black individuals responded to a dehumanizing representation of their racial group by emphasizing their experience of more complex, uniquely human emotions versus emotions more associated with other animals. Experiment 2 and a supplemental experiment showed that Black, but not White, individuals responded to group-based dehumanization by depicting more complex self-portrayals. Taken together, these studies begin to illustrate that targets of group-based dehumanization are not simply passive victims but respond actively, resisting negative representations of their group by reasserting their humanness.
Consumer Disutility from Assorted Referrals in Diagnostics Services
Authors: Bag Dinabandhu
Published: December 2022

This article highlights the moral hazard problem in credence goods offered in the market as referral services. Credence goods are purchased with trust that is not observed. This examines if a penalty framework by authorities or transparency in tariff can offset moral hazard costs. A simple service unit cost model and its application to consumer expenditure data suggests that expected disutility to consumers are minimized in the penalty framework. The findings differ in the way consumers respond to transparency in tariffs, and could continue to bear moral hazard cost, as long as such units are unregistered in nature.

JEL Codes: O17, E26, D24, O3
The use of Hybrid Techniques in Whole-Breast Radiotherapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Karaca Sibel
Published: December 2022

Objectives The development of new techniques in radiotherapy (RT) provides a better planned target volume (PTV) dose distribution while further improving the protection of organs at risk (OARs). The study aims to present the dosimetric results of studies using hybrid techniques in whole-breast radiotherapy (WBRT). Methods: This systematic literature review was conducted by scanning the relevant literature in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Among the parameters are dose values for PTV and OARs beam contribute ratios, the value of monitors, and treatment times for different RT techniques. Initially, 586 articles were identified; 196 duplicate articles were removed leaving 391 articles for screening. Three-hundred and thirty-seven irrelevant articles were excluded, leaving 54 studies assessed for eligibility. A total of 22 articles met the search criteria to evaluate dosimetric results of hybrid and other RT techniques in WBRT. Results: According to the dosimetric data of the studies, hybrid intensity-modulated RT (H-IMRT) and hybrid volumetric-modulated arc therapy (H-VMAT) techniques give dosimetrically advantageous results in WBRT compared to other RT techniques. Conclusion: Hybrid techniques using appropriate beams contribute value and show great promise in improving dosimetric results in WBRT. However, there is a need for new studies showing the long-term clinical results of hybrid RT.
Love is Part of What We Need
Authors: Mazelis Joan Maya , Finkle Harvey
Published: December 2022

It’s been over two and a half years since we all first talked about “social” distancing. Though physical distancing was crucial as we began to battle COVID-19, the term social distancing was a misnomer. We need our connections to other people. This need for emotional connection and support is universal, but sometimes people forget that those in poverty have emotional needs in addition to financial ones. A sociologist and a photographer who have decades of experience spending time with people living in poverty and documenting their lives observe the beauty and power of emotional connections between people who are struggling.
Snap Into Justice
Authors: Smolski Andrew R. , Rutz Jacob , Tiezzi Francesco
Published: December 2022

Farm and food insecurity are intertwined challenges for the agri-food system. This brief draws on data from the USDA and other secondary sources to contextualize these problems and propose converting non-profit initiative into policy solution. Policy reform should augment SNAP benefits through an increase of their value for consumers when purchasing direct-to-consumer products from farmers. This would involve regulatory alterations that support purchases from Community Support Agriculture, federalizing the Double Up Food Bucks program within SNAP, or universalizing a direct-to-consumer food benefit for all consumers. Such changes tie together farm and food security, providing an opportunity to SNAP into justice.
Failure and Skating
Authors: Pagaduan Jason Edward
Published: December 2022

A reflection on what academics can learn from skateboarding culture.
Barriers to School Reentry: Perceptions of School Reentry Among Detained and Committed Youth
Authors: Noorman Kaylee , Brancale Julie
Published: December 2022

Juvenile justice-involved youth, despite their history of poor academic performance, have high educational aspirations for their post-release life. However, few expect to meet their educational aspirations. Barriers in the transition from the juvenile justice setting to the community contribute to the disconnect between youths’ educational aspirations and expectations. However, to date, few studies have included the perspectives of incarcerated youth in assessing barriers to educational attainment. This study addresses the gap in the literature using data from the Survey of Youth in Residential Placement to examine self-reported barriers to meeting the educational aspiration of attending at least some college. Results indicate a lack of interest in school among juvenile justice-involved youth to be the most prevalent and significant barrier to higher educational expectations, despite self-reported high aspirations. We discuss policy implications to improve the reentry process and increase school attachment.