bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Student gambling, erroneous cognitions, and awareness of treatment in Scotland
Authors: Moodie Crawford
Published: August 2010

Rates of probable pathological gambling in colleges and universities across Scotland were investigated with a nationally distributed sample consisting of students (n = 1,483) and members of staff (n = 492). Gambling-related erroneous cognitions (Gambling Beliefs Questionnaire [GBQ]) and gambling severity (South Oaks Gambling Screen [SOGS]) were measured, with additional questions enquiring about awareness of treatments available for gambling problems. Rates of past-year problem and probable pathological gambling for students were 4.0% and 3.9%, respectively. An exploratory factor analysis of the GBQ resulted in a 24-item five-factor model, with gambling severity (as indicated by SOGS scores), indices of increasing gambling involvement (gambling frequency and number of gambling activities), and male gender being positively correlated with higher levels of erroneous cognitions, suggesting erroneous cognitions may not be prominent for females with gambling problems. Less than a fifth of students were aware of where to go to receive help for gambling-related problems.
PAR Sheets, probabilities, and slot machine play: Implications for problem and non-problem gambling
Authors: Harrigan Kevin A. , Dixon Mike
Published: August 2010

Through the Freedom of Information and Protection of Privacy Act, we obtained design documents, called PAR Sheets, for slot machine games that are in use in Ontario, Canada. From our analysis of these PAR Sheets and observations from playing and watching others play these games, we report on the design of the structural characteristics of Ontario slots and their implications for problem gambling. We discuss characteristics such as speed of play, stop buttons, bonus modes, hand-pays, nudges, near misses, how some wins are in fact losses, and how two identical looking slot machines can have very different payback percentages. We then discuss how these characteristics can lead to multi-level reinforcement schedules (different reinforcement schedules for frequent and infrequent gamblers playing the same game) and how they may provide an illusion of control and contribute in other ways to irrational thinking, all of which are known risk factors for problem gambling.
The association of at-risk, problem, and pathological gambling with substance use, depression, and arrest history
Authors: Momper Sandra L. , Delva Jorge , Grogan-Kaylor Andrew , Sanchez Ninive , Volberg Rachel A.
Published: August 2010

We examined at-risk, problem, or pathological gambling co-occurrence with frequency of past-year alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use; depressive symptoms; and arrest history. Data included the responses of over 3,000 individuals who participated in a 2006 telephone survey designed to understand the extent of at-risk, problem, and pathological gambling; comorbidity levels with substance use; mental health; and social problems among Southwestern U.S. residents. Data were analyzed with multinomial and bivariate logistic regression. Respondents at risk for problem gambling were more likely to use alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana than those respondents not at risk. Pathological gamblers were no more or less likely to consume alcohol or tobacco than were non-gamblers or those not at risk. A dose-response relationship existed between degree of gambling problems and depressive symptoms and arrest history. Interventions for at-risk or problem gamblers need to include substance use treatment, and the phenomenon of low levels of substance use among pathological gamblers needs further exploration.
Experienced poker players differ from inexperienced poker players in estimation bias and decision bias
Authors: Linnet Jakob , Gebauer Line , Shaffer Howard , Mouridsen Kim , Møller Arne
Published: August 2010

This paper investigates the similarity or difference in cognitive bias on a poker task between experienced poker players (EPPs) and inexperienced poker players (IPPs). EPPs were compared with IPPs on probability estimation (estimation bias) and choice (decision bias). It was hypothesized that EPPs would have lower estimation bias and lower decision bias compared with IPPs, and that a player's level of experience could be identified from gambling behavior. Results indicate that EPPs significantly overestimated accepted gambles, but had significantly smaller estimation bias and decision bias compared with IPPs. All players could accurately be classified as "experienced" or "inexperienced" based on their estimation bias and decision bias. It is concluded that EPPs have significantly lower estimation bias and decision bias than do IPPs on the poker task presented in this research study. Despite significantly higher overestimation, EPPs make better decisions than IPPs. These findings are posited to have implications for the study of cognitive bias in pathological gambling and addiction.
Preparing for novelty with diverse training
Authors: Brunstein Angela , Gonzalez Cleotilde
Published: August 2010

This study investigated the ability to generalize acquired skills from training conditions to novel conditions, in a complex perceptual and cognitive task of luggage screening. We examined category and exemplar diversity during training for preparing learners to detect novel items during transfer. Category diversity was manipulated in terms of heterogeneity of training categories: Participants either trained with targets from one category or with targets from several categories. Exemplar diversity was manipulated between participants by presenting either a few or many exemplars for both category diversity conditions. Seventy‐two participants were trained to identify threats in pieces of luggage. Thereafter they were transferred to novel stimuli. Results can be summarized in support for the diversity of training hypothesis for preparing for novelty: To the best training for novel luggage screening situations is achieved using fewer items in a variety of categories. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attitudes about memory dampening drugs depend on context and country
Authors: Newman Eryn J. , Berkowitz Shari R. , Nelson Kally J. , Garry Maryanne , Loftus Elizabeth F.
Published: August 2010

When people take drugs such as propranolol in response to trauma, it may dampen their bad memories – tempering recall of a traumatic event. We examined people's attitudes toward these drugs. Americans and New Zealanders read about a hypothetical assault inserting themselves into a scenario as a victim attacked while serving on a peace keeping mission (soldier role) or while walking home from a job as a restaurant manager (civilian role). Then they told us whether they should receive a memory dampening drug, and whether they would want to take a memory dampening drug. Subjects were negatively disposed towards a memory dampening drug, but Americans who adopted the soldier role were more in favor of having access to the drug than those who adopted the civilian role. We discuss the implications of these findings in relation to an increasing trend in ‘cosmetic neurology’, medicating with the goal of enhancement, rather than therapy. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Performance Optimization of Polymer Solar Cells Using Electrostatically Sprayed Photoactive Layers
Authors: Kim Joon‐Sung , Chung Won‐Suk , Kim Kyungkon , Kim Dong Young , Paeng Ki‐Jung , Jo Seong Mu , Jang Sung‐Yeon
Published: August 2010

Polymer solar cells (PSCs) are fabricated using a novel film deposition method, the electrostatic spray (e‐spray) technique. Stable atomization and uniform deposition of the polymer blend by e‐spray are achieved by manipulating the solution concentration, the solvent composition, and the electric field. The performance of PSCs is primarily influenced by the inherent film morphology of the e‐sprayed polymer‐blend active layers, which is significantly different from that of the conventional films that are formed using the spin‐coating (SC) method. The intrinsically formed interfacial boundaries between the e‐sprayed blend pancakes resist charge transport, which unfavorably influences device efficiency. The internal series resistance (RS) of the PSCs that are formed using the e‐spray method (e‐spray‐PSC) is significantly reduced by a solvent vapor soaking (SVS) treatment in addition to the conventional thermodynamic nanomorphology controls. The detailed relationship between the morphologies (film morphology and internal nanomorphology) and the RS is revealed using impedance spectroscopy. The performance of the e‐spray‐PSCs is comparable to those of the PSCs that are fabricated using the SC method under identical conditions. Therefore, the e‐spray method can be used to fabricate ultralow‐cost PSCs, because of the performance results combined with the intrinsic advantages that the e‐spray method is simple and has a low materials loss.
Multicolor Tunable Emission from Organogels Containing Tetraphenylethene, Perylenediimide, and Spiropyran Derivatives
Authors: Chen Qun , Zhang Deqing , Zhang Guanxin , Yang Xingyuan , Feng Yu , Fan Qinghua , Zhu Daoben
Published: August 2010

A dendron‐substituted tetraphenylethene low molecular weight gelator (LMWG)compound, LMWG1, is designed and investigated. Gelation‐induced fluorescence enhancement is observed for the gel based on LMWG1 and its fluorescence can be reversibly tuned by varying the temperature of the ensemble. The photoinduced energy‐transfer can occur between LMWG1 and PI2 (perylene diimide) in the gel phase, but it cannot occur in the corresponding solution. The emission color of the gel of LMWG1 and PI2 can be tuned from cyan, yellow, to red by varying the concentration of PI2. By taking advantage of the photochromic transformation of spiropyran, the emission color of the organogels based on LMWG1 and SP3 can be switched by alternating UV and visible‐light irradiations. The emission color can also be tuned by varying the irradiation time. In this way, organogels based on LMWG1 with multiemission color can be achieved in the presence of SP3 after light irradiations.
Graphene Solution‐Gated Field‐Effect Transistor Array for Sensing Applications
Authors: Dankerl Markus , Hauf Moritz V. , Lippert Andreas , Hess Lucas H. , Birner Stefan , Sharp Ian D. , Mahmood Ather , Mallet Pierre , Veuillen Jean‐Yves , Stutzmann Martin , Garrido Jose A.
Published: August 2010

Graphene, with its unique combination of physical and electronic properties, holds great promise for biosensor and bioelectronic applications. In this respect, the development of graphene solution‐gated field‐effect transistor (SGFET) arrays capable of operation in aqueous environments will establish the real potential of graphene in this rapidly emerging field. Here, we report on a facile route for the scalable fabrication of such graphene transistor arrays and provide a comprehensive characterization of their operation in aqueous electrolytes. An on‐chip structure for Hall‐effect measurements allows the direct determination of charge carrier concentrations and mobilities under electrolyte gate control. The effect of the solution‐gate potential on the electronic properties of graphene is explained using a model that considers the microscopic structure of water at the graphene/electrolyte interface. The graphene SGFETs exhibit a high transconductance and correspondingly high sensitivity, together with an effective gate noise as low as tens of μV. Our study demonstrates that graphene SGFETs, with their facile technology, high transconductance, and low noise promise to far outperform state‐of‐the‐art Si‐based devices for biosensor and bioelectronic applications.
The investigation of SCR reaction on sulfated CaO
Authors: Yang Xinfang , Zhao Bo , Zhuo Yuqun , Chen Changhe , Xu Xuchang
Published: August 2010

The catalytic activity of sulfated CaO in the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) reaction of NO with NH3 in the presence of O2 was investigated. In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), SEM, XRD, NH3‐TPD (temperature programmed desorption), and NO‐TPD were used to characterize the catalyst of sulfated CaO and analytical grade CaSO4. The BET results indicated that the surface area decreased as the sulfation extent increased due to pore plug. SEM analysis revealed the surface morphology of the sulfated CaO with different sulfation extent. XRD results suggested that the sulfated CaO was hexagonal CaSO4. NH3‐TPD and NO‐TPD experiments indicated that NH3 was more likely to be absorbed on the sulfated CaO than NO, and as the sulfation extent increased, the acid sites reduced because of the decreasing surface area, but the acid strength of surface acidity increased. Based on the characterization and SCR reaction results, NH3 adsorption on CaO and CaSO4, and then reaction with O2 or NO would be the possible reaction route on sulfated CaO. Copyright © 2010 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toward a Concept of Stretch Coupling in Smooth Muscle: A Thesis by Lars Thuneberg on Contractile Activity in Neonatal Interstitial Cells of Cajal
Authors: Huizinga Jan D. , Lammers Wim J.E.P. , Mikkelsen Hanne B. , Zhu Yaohui , Wang Xuan‐Yu
Published: August 2010

The hypothesis was put forward by Thuneberg that rhythmically contracting interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) were sensing stretch of the musculature and that this information was transmitted to smooth muscle cells via peg and socket contacts. The present study provides the evidence for the contractile nature of ICC as perceived by Thuneberg. The contractile activity is shown by video frame subtraction and by tracking areas of interest in sequential video frames. Thuneberg used neonatal ICC in culture maintained between two coverslips thereby allowing growth factors to quickly reach optimal concentrations. Contractions of ICC were seen to precede smooth muscle contractions. In addition, strong contractions were observed solely in branches of ICC. It is hoped that this communication will stimulate discussion about the contractile nature of ICC and that this phenomenon will eventually find its place amongst the physiological properties of the ICC networks of the gut musculature. Anat Rec 293:1543–1552, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Biomass logistics as a determinant of second‐generation biofuel facility scale, location and technology selection
Authors: Stephen James D. , Mabee Warren E. , Saddler Jack N.
Published: August 2010

Feedstock logistics, as dictated by biomass physical properties, location, and distribution, as well as transportation infrastructure, were shown to be a primary determinant of the scale, location, and technology selection of any future biorefineries. The maximum capacity of both biochemical‐ and thermochemical‐based second‐generation biofuel facilities was established based on feedstock logistics including delivery mode (road, rail, or ship), maximum number of deliveries by mode, feedstock type (whole logs, chips, pellets, or bio‐oil), and biofuel yield from those feedstocks. The world's largest ethanol plant, pulp mill, coal‐based power plant, and oil refinery were used to approximate maximum plant size for different technologies, and to set an upper limit on the number of deliveries logistically possible for each transport mode. It was apparent that thermochemical conversion to transportation biofuels was favored for large, multimodal coastal facilities that are able to receive imported biomass in the form of feedstock intermediates, such as pellets and bio‐oil (maximum capacities of 2844 and 6001 million liters gasoline equivalent (MLGE) respectively). Biochemically‐based conversion processes, primarily due to smaller economies of scale and the typical use of higher moisture content and undensified feedstocks, such as whole logs and chips, are better suited for smaller facilities (maximum 1405 and 1542 MLGE, respectively) that rely on local feedstocks delivered by truck and/or rail. It was also apparent that optimization of the feedstock‐intermediate‐product chain, including biomass densification for transportation and high conversion yield, is essential if the scale of the any second‐generation biofuels facility is to be maximized. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Involvement of mitochondrial activity in mediating ELF‐EMF stimulatory effect on human sperm motility
Authors: Iorio Roberto , Delle Monache Simona , Bennato Francesca , Di Bartolomeo Claudia , Scrimaglio Renato , Cinque Benedetta , Colonna Rosella Cardigno
Published: August 2010

It has recently been reported that the exposure of human spermatozoa to an extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic field (EMF) with a square waveform of 5 mT amplitude and frequency of 50 Hz improves sperm motility. The functional relationship between the energy metabolism and the enhancement of human sperm motility induced by ELF‐EMF was investigated. Sperm exposure to ELF‐EMF resulted in a progressive and significant increase of mitochondrial membrane potential and levels of ATP, ADP and NAD+that was associated with a progressive and significant increase in the sperm kinematic parameters. No significant effects were detected on other parameters such as ATP/ADP ratio and energy charge. When carbamoyl cyanidem‐chlorophenylhydrazone (CICCP) was applied to inhibit the oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondria, the values of energy parameters and motility in the sperm incubated in the presence of glucose and exposed to ELF‐EMF did not change, thus indicating that the glycolysis was not involved in mediating ELF‐EMF stimulatory effect on motility. By contrast, when pyruvate and lactate were provided instead of glucose, the energy status and motility increased significantly in ELF‐EMF‐treated sperm. Under these culture conditions, the inhibition of glycolitic metabolism by 2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose (DOG) again resulted in increased values of energy and kinematic parameters, indicating that gluconeogenesis was not involved in producing glucose for use in glycolysis. We concluded that the key role in mediating the stimulatory effects exerted by ELF‐EMF on human sperm motility is played by mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation rather than glycolysis. Bioelectromagnetics 32:15–27, 2011. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A numerical coefficient for evaluation of the environmental impact of electromagnetic fields radiated by base stations for mobile communications
Authors: Russo P. , Cerri G. , Vespasiani V.
Published: August 2010

The aim of this study is the development of an Electromagnetic Environmental Impact Factor (EEIF). This is a global parameter that represents the level of electromagnetic impact on a specific area due to the presence of radiating systems, such as base station (BS) antennas for mobile communications. The numerical value of the EEIF depends only on the electromagnetic field intensity, a well‐defined physical quantity that can easily be measured or computed. The paper describes the significant parameters of the field distribution adopted to evaluate the EEIF, and the assumptions used to develop a proper scale of values. Finally, some examples of application of the EEIF method are analyzed for real situations in a typical urban area. Bioelectromagnetics 31:613–621, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The early years of retroviral protease crystal structures
Authors: Miller Maria
Published: August 2010

Soon after its discovery, the attempts to develop anti‐AIDS therapeutics focused on the retroviral protease (PR)—an enzyme used by lentiviruses to process the precursor polypeptide into mature viral proteins. An urgent need for the three‐dimensional structure of PR to guide rational drug design prompted efforts to produce milligram quantities of this enzyme. However, only minute amounts of PR were present in the HIV‐1 and HIV‐2 viruses, and initial attempts to express this protein in bacteria were not successful. This review describes X‐ray crystallographic studies of the retroviral proteases carried out at NCI‐Frederick in the late 1980s and early 1990s and puts into perspective the crucial role that the total protein chemical synthesis played in unraveling the structure, mechanism of action, and inhibition of HIV‐1 PR. Notably, the first fully correct structure of HIV‐1 PR and the first cocrystal structure of its complex with an inhibitor (a substrate‐derived, reduced isostere hexapeptide MVT‐101) were determined using chemically synthesized protein. Most importantly, these sets of coordinates were made freely available to the research community and were used worldwide to solve X‐ray structures of HIV‐1 PR complexes with an array of inhibitors and set in motion a variety of theoretical studies. Publication of the structure of chemically synthesized HIV‐1 PR complexed with MVT‐101 preceded only by six years the approval of the first PR inhibitor as an anti‐AIDS drug. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 521–529, 2010.
S‐acyl isopeptide method: Use of allyl‐type protective group for improved preparation of thioester‐containing S‐acyl isopeptides by Fmoc‐based SPPS
Authors: Yoshiya Taku , Hasegawa Yuka , Kawamura Wakana , Kawashima Hiroyuki , Sohma Youhei , Kimura Tooru , Kiso Yoshiaki
Published: August 2010

We have studied the “S‐acyl isopeptide method” for the synthesis of peptides containing difficult sequences. The S‐acyl isopeptide, which contains a β‐thioester instead of the native N‐acyl bond at a Cys residue, can be converted into the target peptide via an S‐to‐N intramolecular acyl migration reaction. However, the synthesis of the S‐acyl isopeptide structure by Fmoc‐based SPPS is hampered by repetitive base treatments; decomposition of the thioester and the epimerization of the thioesterified residue are commonly observed. Here, we adopted allyloxycarbonyl (Aloc) protective group to avoid the problem. Catalytic amount of Pd in the presence of scavengers such as PhSiH3 and dimedone selectively removed the Aloc group with neither decomposition of the thioester structure nor epimerization at the thioesterified residue. A model pentapeptide and amylin(1‐12) with difficult sequences were efficiently synthesized by the improved S‐acyl isopeptides method. Finally, the isolated S‐acyl isopeptides were quantitatively converted into the desired peptides via the S‐to‐N intramolecular acyl migration reaction. The S‐acyl isopeptide method will be a useful method to prepare the difficult sequence‐containing peptides with Cys residue. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 96: 228–239, 2011.
Native chemical ligation in the synthesis of internally modified oligonucleotide–peptide conjugates
Authors: Diezmann Franziska , Eberhard Hendrik , Seitz Oliver
Published: August 2010

Peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates have frequently been synthesized to improve cellular delivery of antisense or antigene compounds, to allow the immobilization of peptide and protein conjugates on DNA arrays, or to decorate nucleic acid architectures with peptide functions. In such applications, the site of conjugation is of little importance, and peptides have predominantly been appended to one of the terminal ends of the oligonucleotide by using an oxime‐, thioether‐, or disulfide‐linkage or native chemical ligation. We, herein, demonstrate the first coupling of peptides to sequence internal sites. This attachment mode provides better control of the spatial arrangement of peptides presented by self‐assembled nucleic acid scaffolds. Internal modification requires special phosphoramidite building blocks that can be used in automated DNA synthesis. For this purpose, Fmoc/StBu‐protected cysteine was attached via an aminopropargyl linker to the C5‐position of uridine. The rigid triple bond conferred a high reactivity in native chemical ligation reactions of 5–6mer peptide thioesters with up to 15 nucleotides long oligonucleotides. The desired peptide–oligonucleotide conjugates were obtained in high yields after purification. UV melt experiments revealed that the peptide modification does not hamper nucleic acid hybridization. This finding marked an important step in our research program devoted to studies of multivalent presentation of peptides via modular assembly of nucleic acid complexes. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 397–404, 2010.
Hybrid polypeptides: Gabapentin as a stereochemically constrained γ‐amino acid residue
Authors: Balaram Padmanabhan
Published: August 2010

The design of folded structures in peptides containing the higher homologues of α‐amino acid residues requires the restriction of the range of local conformational choices. In α‐amino acids stereochemically constrained residues like α,α‐dialkylated residue, aminoisobutyric acid (Aib), and D‐Proline (DPro) have proved extremely useful in the design of helices and hairpins in short peptides. Extending this approach, backbone substitution and cyclization are anticipated to be useful in generating conformationally constrained β‐ and γ‐residues. This brief review provides a survey of work on hybrid peptide sequences concerning the conformationally constrained γ‐amino acid residue 1‐aminomethyl cyclohexane acetic acid, gabapentin (Gpn). This achiral, β,β‐disubstituted, γ‐residue strongly favors gauche‐gauche conformations about the Cα‐Cβ (θ2) and Cβ‐Cγ (θ1) bonds, facilitating local folding. The Gpn residue can adopt both C7 (NHi→COi) and C9 (COi‐1←NHi+1) hydrogen bonds which are analogous to the C5 and C7 (γ‐turn) conformations at α‐residues. In conjunction with adjacent residues, Gpn may be used in αγ and γα segments to generate C12 hydrogen bonded conformations which may be considered as expanded analogs of conventional β‐turns. The structural characterization of C12 helices, C12/C10 helices with mixed hydrogen bond directionalities and β‐hairpins incorporating Gpn residues at the turn segment is illustrated. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers (Pept Sci) 94: 733–741, 2010.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Biomass production of hairy roots of Artemisia annua and Arachis hypogaea in a scaled‐up mist bioreactor
Authors: Sivakumar Ganapathy , Liu Chunzhao , Towler Melissa J. , Weathers Pamela J.
Published: August 2010

Hairy roots have the potential to produce a variety of valuable small and large molecules. The mist reactor is a gas phase bioreactor that has shown promise for low‐cost culture of hairy roots. Using a newer, disposable culture bag, mist reactor performance was studied with two species, Artemisia annua L. and Arachis hypogaea (peanut), at scales from 1 to 20 L. Both species of hairy roots when grown at 1 L in the mist reactor showed growth rates that surpassed that in shake flasks. From the information gleaned at 1 L, Arachis was scaled further to 4 and then 20 L. Misting duty cycle, culture medium flow rate, and timing of when flow rate was increased were varied. In a mist reactor increasing the misting cycle or increasing the medium flow rate are the two alternatives for increased delivery of liquid nutrients to the root bed. Longer misting cycles beyond 2–3 min were generally deemed detrimental to growth. On the other hand, increasing the medium flow rate to the sonic nozzle especially during the exponential phase of root growth (weeks 2–3) was the most important factor for increasing growth rates and biomass yields in the 20 L reactors. A. hypogaea growth in 1 L reactors was µ = 0.173 day−1 with biomass yield of 12.75 g DW L−1. This exceeded that in shake flasks at µ = 0.166 day−1 and 11.10 g DW L−1. Best growth rate and biomass yield at 20 L was µ = 0.147 and 7.77 g DW L−1, which was mainly achieved when medium flow rate delivery was increased. The mist deposition model was further evaluated using this newer reactor design and when the apparent thickness of roots (+hairs) was taken into account, the empirical data correlated with model predictions. Together these results establish the most important conditions to explore for future optimization of the mist bioreactor for culture of hairy roots. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2010;107: 802–813. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Feigning in adjudicative competence evaluations
Authors: Soliman Sherif , Resnick Phillip J.
Published: August 2010

Competence to stand trial (adjudicative competence) is the most requested forensic psychiatric evaluation, with an estimated 60,000 referrals annually. The challenge of detecting feigned incompetence has not been systematically studied until the past decade. Estimates of feigned adjudicative incompetence vary from 8 to 21%. This article reviews techniques for detecting malingered psychosis and malingered cognitive impairment during competence evaluations. Specific techniques for assessing feigned adjudicative incompetence and estimating the malingerer's genuine abilities are discussed. A stepwise approach to suspected feigned adjudicative incompetence is proffered. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structural and Electronic Effects of Carbon‐Supported PtxPd1−xNanoparticles on the Electrocatalytic Activity of the Oxygen‐Reduction Reaction and on Methanol Tolerance
Authors: Chang Shih‐Hong , Su Wei‐Nien , Yeh Min‐Hsin , Pan Chun‐Jern , Yu Kuan‐Li , Liu Din‐Goa , Lee Jyh‐Fu , Hwang Bing‐Joe
Published: August 2010

We report a systematic investigation on the structural and electronic effects of carbon‐supported PtxPd1−xbimetallic nanoparticles on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) in acid electrolyte. PtxPd1−x/C nanocatalysts with various Pt/Pd atomic ratios (x=0.25, 0.5, and 0.75) were synthesized by using a borohydride‐reduction method. Rotating‐disk electrode measurements revealed that the Pt3Pd1/C nanocatalyst has a synergistic effect on the ORR, showing 50 % enhancement, and an antagonistic effect on the MOR, showing 90 % reduction, relative to JM 20 Pt/C on a mass basis. The extent of alloying and Pt d‐band vacancies of the PtxPd1−x/C nanocatalysts were explored by extended X‐ray absorption fine‐structure spectroscopy (EXAFS) and X‐ray absorption near‐edge structure spectroscopy (XANES). The structure–activity relationship indicates that ORR activity and methanol tolerance of the nanocatalysts strongly depend on their extent of alloying and d‐band vacancies. The optimal composition for enhanced ORR activity is Pt3Pd1/C, with high extent of alloying and low Pt d‐band vacancies, owing to favorable OO scission and inhibited formation of oxygenated intermediates. MOR activity also shows structure dependence. For example, Pt1Pd3/C with Ptrich−corePdrich−shellstructure possesses lower MOR activity than the Pt3Pd1/C nanocatalyst with random alloy structure. Herein, extent of alloying and d‐band vacancies reveal new insights into the synergistic and antagonistic effects of the PtxPd1−x/C nanocatalysts on surface reactivity.
Pt–NiCo Nanostructures with Facilitated Electrocatalytic Activities for Sensitive Determination of Intracellular Thiols with Long‐Term Stability
Authors: Zhang Feng , Wen Ming , Cheng Mingzhu , Liu Di , Zhu Anwei , Tian Yang
Published: August 2010

A Pt–NiCo nanomaterial has been synthesized for developing the sensitive electrochemical determination of biological thiols that include L‐cysteine (CySH), homocysteine (HCySH), and gluthione (GSH) with high sensitivity and long‐term stability, in which the Pt nanoparticles are well supported on amorphous NiCo nanofilms. The electrochemical oxidation of thiols has been successfully facilitated on the optimized Pt–NiCo nanostructures, that is, two oxidation peaks of CySH have been clearly observed at potentials of +0.06 and +0.45 V. The experimental results demonstrate that the first peak for CySH oxidation may be attributed to a direct oxidation from CySH to L‐cystine (CySSCy), whereas the second peak possibly results from a sequential oxidation from CySSCy to cysteic acid (CySO3H), together with a direct oxidation of CySH into CySO3H. The enhanced electrocatalytic activities at the Pt23–NiCo nanostructures have provided a methodology to determine thiols at a very low potential of 0.0 V with relatively high sensitivity (637 nA μM cm−2), a low detection limit (20 nM), and a broad linear range. The striking analytical performance, together with the characteristic properties of the Pt–NiCo nanomaterial itself, including long‐term stability and strong antipoisoning ability, has established a reliable and durable approach for the detection of thiols in liver cancer cells, Hep G2.
Synthetic Studies on and Mechanistic Insight into [W(CO)5(L)]‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Construction of Functionalized Bicyclo[5.3.0]decane Frameworks
Authors: Onizawa Yuji , Hara Masahiro , Hashimoto Takuya , Kusama Hiroyuki , Iwasawa Nobuharu
Published: August 2010

Stereoselective preparation of a variety of synthetically useful functionalized bicyclo[5.3.0]decane derivatives was achieved by tandem cyclization of 3‐siloxy‐1,3,9‐triene‐7‐yne derivatives based on the electrophilic activation of alkynes catalyzed by [W(CO)5(L)]. The reaction proceeded smoothly under photoirradiation, and various substrates were cyclized to give the corresponding bicyclic compounds with up to four chiral centers stereospecifically. Reactions of siloxydienes with a silyl substituent as an equivalent of a hydroxyl group also proceeded with wide generality to afford silyl‐substituted bicyclo[5.3.0]decanes, which were highly useful as synthetic intermediates. Stereochemical studies concerning the silyl enol ether moiety suggested that two types of reaction pathway for the formation of seven‐membered rings were present. The reaction of (Z)‐enol silyl ethers proceeded through Cope rearrangement of cis‐divinylcyclopropane intermediates, and that of (E)‐enol silyl ethers by 1,4‐addition of the dienyl tungsten species at the position δ to the metal atom. In the reactions of siloxydiene derivatives with silyl substituents, all possible diastereomers could be synthesized stereoselectively by changing the geometry of the silyl enol ether and enyne moieties.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Oriented Molecular Ag Nanocrystal Arrays.
Authors: HARFENIST S. A. , WANG Z. L. , ALVAREZ M. M. , VEZMAR I. , WHETTEN R. L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structure of Some Rhenium and Technetium Dichalcogenides.
Authors: LAMFERS H.‐J. , MEETSMA A. , WIEGERS G. A. , DE BOER J. L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Effect of Fe Substitution on the Magnetic and Electrical Properties of the (Bi1.6Pb0.4) (Sr1.8Ba0.2)Ca2 (Cu1‐xFex)3Oy Superconductor.
Authors: POP A. V. , ILONCA GH. , CIURCHEA D. , YE M. , GERU I. I. , KANTSER V. G. , POP V. , TODICA M. , DELTOUR R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Transition in TbMn2Si2.
Authors: KOLENDA M. , LECIEJEWICZ J. , SZYTULA A. , STUESSER N. , TOMKOWICZ Z.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure‐Property Relationships in a Series of Mixed Layer Pnictide Oxide Compounds: A2Mn3Pn2O2 (A: Sr, Ba; Pn: P, As, Sb).
Authors: BROCK S. L. , KAUZLARICH S. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrodeposition of Indium Selenide In2Se3.
Authors: MASSACCESI S. , SANCHEZ S. , VEDEL J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: A Barium Germanium Nitride, Ba3Ge2N2, Containing 1∞(Ge2‐) and GeN4‐2 Anions.
Authors: YAMANE H. , DISALVO F. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Actinoid Nickel Phosphides Th11Ni25P20 and U11Ni25P20.
Authors: ALBERING J. H. , JEITSCHKO W.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of NbM2LnCu2O8 and TaM2LnCu2O8 Phases (M: Ba, Sr; Ln: Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu and Gd).
Authors: KOPNIN E. M. , LOBANOV M. V. , ABAKUMOV A. M. , LUBARSKII S. V. , LEBEDEV O. I. , ANTIPOV E. V. , CAPPONI J. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Mechanism of Lithiation of Hydric Aromatics: Direct NMR Evidence for Short H‐Li Contacts in Mixed Aggregates.
Authors: SAA. J. M. SAA. J. M. , MARTORELL G. , FRONTERA A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Stability‐Reactivity Relation on the Reaction of β,β‐ Disubstituted Vinyl Cations with Ethanol.
Authors: KOBAYASHI S. , HORI Y. , HASAKO T. , KOGA K. , YAMATAKA H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Peculiarities of Alkaline Hydrolysis and Alcoholysis of N‐( Arylsulfonylamido)‐ and N‐(N′‐Acetylarylsulfonylamido)succin‐ and ‐ glutarimides
Authors: SHEMCHUK L. A. , CHERNYKH V. P. , GRITSENKO I. S. , GORYACHII V. D. , IVANOVA I. L.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of New Imidazo(4,5‐d)(1,3)diazepine Derivatives from 5‐Amino‐ 4‐(cyanoformimidoyl)imidazoles.
Authors: DIAS A. M. , PROENCA M. F. J. R. P.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Hypervalent Ammonium Radicals. Effects of Alkyl Groups and Aromatic Substituents.
Authors: SHAFFER S. A. , SADILEK M. , TURECEK F.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Saturated Hydrocarbons by Aprotic Superacids. Part 4. Ionic Bromination of Ethane, Other Alkanes, and Cycloalkanes with Molecular Bromine in the Presence of Polyhalomethane‐AlBr3 Systems Under Mild Conditions.
Authors: AKHREM I. S. , ORLINKOV A. V. , AFANAS'EVA L. V. , VOL'PIN M. E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chloroarylation of Unsaturated Compounds with 4,4′‐Bisdiazonium‐3,3′‐ dichlorodiphenylmethane Dichloride.
Authors: FEDOROVICH I. S. , OBUSHAK N. D. , LYAKHOVICH M. B. , GANUSHCHAK N. I.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular and Intermolecular Mn(III)‐Induced Carbon Monoxide Trapping Reactions of Alkynes with Malonate and Cyano Ester Units.
Authors: OKURA K. , ALPER H.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Saturated Hydrocarbons by Aprotic Superacids. Part 5. Regioselective Carbonylation of Propane in Organic Solvent Initiated by the Aprotic Organic Superacids CX4×nAlBr3 (X: Br, Cl; n = 1 or 2)
Authors: AKHREM I. S. , ORLINKOV A. V. , AFANAS'EVA L. V. , VOL'PIN M. E.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Anomalously Stable C‐Methoxycarbonyl‐N‐(p‐nitrophenyl) nitrone.
Authors: DIL'MAN A. D. , LYAPKALO I. M. , IOFFE S. L. , STRELENKO YU. A. , TARTAKOVSKII V. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Chemical Reactions of α‐Cyano‐α‐ isocyanoalkanoic Acids.
Authors: BERGEMANN M. , NEIDLEIN R.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Vinyl‐1,1,2‐trihalocyclopropanes ‐ Valuable Five Carbon Cyclopropane and Cyclopropene Synthetic Intermediates.
Authors: AL DULAYYMI A. R. , BAIRD M. S.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Use of Carbopalladation of Allenes in the Synthesis of Polycyclic Compounds. A Rapid Access to Steroid Skeletons.
Authors: GAUTHIER V. , CAZES B. , GORE J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Alkoxy‐2,5‐dioxo‐4,4‐bis(trifluoromethyl)‐6,7‐benzo‐1,3,2‐ dioxaphosphepanes in the Synthesis of Substituted Fluorinated Ketones.
Authors: MIRONOV V. F. , KONOVALOVA I. V. , BURNAEVA L. M.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: α‐(Benzotriazolyl)methyl Phenyl Thioethers: Convenient Reagents for α‐Phenylthioalkylation of Silylated Nucleophiles.
Authors: KATRITZKY A. R. , CHEN J. , BELYAKOV S. A.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Biological Activity of Water‐Soluble Fullerenes. Structural Dependence of DNA Cleavage, Cytotoxicity, and Enzyme Inhibitory Activities Including HIV‐Protease Inhibition.
Authors: NAKAMURA E. , TOKUYAMA H. , YAMAGO S. , SHIRAKI T. , SUGIURA Y.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemoselective Synthesis and Resolution of Chiral (1,9) Methanofullerene(70) Derivatives.
Authors: WANG Y. , SCHUSTER D. I. , WILSON S. R. , WELCH C. J.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclopropanation of Buckminsterfullerene via Olefin Metathesis Reaction.
Authors: BESPALOVA N. B. , BOVINA M. A. , REBROV A. I. , SERGEEVA M. B.
Published: August 2010

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.