bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excessive information on social media and Generation Z's long-term COVID-19 vaccine advocacy: a post-pandemic perspective
Authors: Liu Hongfei , Meng-Lewis Yue , Liu Wentong
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Social media played an irreplaceable role in young people’s online social life and information consumption during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research focuses on the impact of excessive information on social media about COVID-19 vaccines on Generation Z's (Gen Z) associated psychological states and long-term vaccine advocacy.

Design/methodology/approach

The research conducted structural equation modeling analysis with online survey data from 409 Gen Z citizens in the UK.

Findings

The findings suggest that excessive information increased Gen Z social media users' ambivalence and conspiracy beliefs around COVID-19 vaccines, which, in turn, reduced their long-term vaccine advocacy in terms of vaccine acceptance, vaccination intention and vaccine promotion. Importantly, Gen Z’s confidence in government and in the healthcare systems during COVID-19 was effective in helping them overcome the detrimental effects of conspiracy beliefs and ambivalence about long-term vaccine advocacy, respectively.

Originality/value

This research reveals the “dark side” of social media use in the post-pandemic period and highlights the significant roles played by social institutions in mitigating the detrimental effects of Gen Z’s support in social decisions. Beyond the context of COVID-19, this research has important implications for facilitating the civic engagement of Gen Z and boosting their confidence in social institutions in terms of social cohesion.
Modelling the conundrums to cyber-risks management in logistics firms for supply chain social sustainability
Authors: Orji Ifeyinwa Juliet , U-Dominic Chukwuebuka Martinjoe
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Cybersecurity has received growing attention from academic researchers and industry practitioners as a strategy to accelerate performance gains and social sustainability. Meanwhile, firms are usually prone to cyber-risks that emanate from their supply chain partners especially third-party logistics providers (3PLs). Thus, it is crucial to implement cyber-risks management in 3PLs to achieve social sustainability in supply chains. However, these 3PLs are faced with critical difficulties which tend to hamper the consistent growth of cybersecurity. This paper aims to analyze these critical difficulties.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were sourced from 40 managers in Nigerian 3PLs with the aid of questionnaires. A novel quantitative methodology based on the synergetic combination of interval-valued neutrosophic analytic hierarchy process (IVN-AHP) and multi-objective optimization on the basis of a ratio analysis plus the full multiplicative form (MULTIMOORA) is applied. Sensitivity analysis and comparative analysis with other decision models were conducted.

Findings

Barriers were identified from published literature, finalized using experts’ inputs and classified under organizational, institutional and human (cultural values) dimensions. The results highlight the most critical dimension as human followed by organizational and institutional. Also, the results pinpointed indigenous beliefs (e.g. cyber-crime spiritualism), poor humane orientation, unavailable specific tools for managing cyber-risks and skilled workforce shortage as the most critical barriers that show the highest potential to elicit other barriers.

Research limitations/implications

By illustrating the most significant barriers, this study will assist policy makers and industry practitioners in developing strategies in a coordinated and sequential manner to overcome these barriers and thus, achieve socially sustainable supply chains.

Originality/value

This research pioneers the use of IVN-AHP-MULTIMOORA to analyze cyber-risks management barriers in 3PLs for supply chain social sustainability in a developing nation.
IPSAS adoption, public governance and corruption perception in MENA and sub-Saharan Africa countries
Authors: Ben Slama Fatma , Jandoubi Maissa
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to provide insights into the possible impact of International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) on public governance and perceived levels of corruption in developing countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a multivariate analysis on panel data applied to 36 countries in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region and sub-Saharan Africa over the period 2010–2020, the authors test the impact of IPSAS adoption on transparency, accountability and perceptions of less corruption. The authors examine the moderating role of transparency and accountability in the strength of the relationship between IPSAS and perceived corruption.

Findings

The main results show that IPSAS adoption promotes an increase in transparency and accountability and leads to the perception of less corruption. Additional tests show that transparency and accountability strengthen the effect of IPSAS adoption and experience on perceived corruption.

Research limitations/implications

The first limitation may be the use of the Transparency International CPI to measure the level of perceived corruption. Probably, the CPI does not reflect the actual levels of corruption in countries while the literature argues that these two measures are related. Also, the lack of data on the status and level of adoption of IPSAS by governments may be one limitation of the sample.

Practical implications

The study may help public authorities in their decision to adopt IPSAS. In light of the findings, standard-setting bodies could be encouraged to strengthen the disclosure requirements of IPSAS that make governments more transparent and accountable to limit perceptions of corruption.

Social implications

This study may also help citizens understand the benefits of such reforms in protecting public assets and how such standards may help improve social welfare.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the few studies that examines the impact of IPSAS on good governance by combining the dimensions of transparency, accountability and perceptions of corruption in DCs. It also provides insights into the moderating role of public governance pillars. Finally, it includes the IPSAS experience of the country, which has been little tested previously.
Femvertising or faux CSR? A comparative analysis of sport brands
Authors: Sharifzadeh Zahra , Brison Natasha T.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine whether sport companies that promote gender equality through femvertising, an advertising trend that empowers women and confronts gender stereotypes, actually support women’s rights with institutionalized approaches to challenge gender issues. Some sport brands even have won awards for their femvertising efforts, however, not all of them have modified their policies and programs to support gender equality. Sport femvertising can be a new area for CSR-washing and this study investigated this potential.

Design/methodology/approach

Utilizing a content analysis, this study compared sport brands' (award-winning vs non-award-winning) level of engagement in internal and external CSR activities regarding gender equality. Sport brands’ CSR attempts and number of women in leadership positions were analyzed through companies’ CSR reports, annual reports and websites.

Findings

Only few differences between two groups (award-winning vs non-award-winning) of sport brands were observed regarding their gender equality CSR engagement. In some cases, non-award-winning sport brands had a greater percentage of women in leadership and practiced more internal gender equality CSR.

Originality/value

This paper provides valuable information about the potential of femvertising as an advertisement, as well as CSR strategy. Results of this study broaden our understanding of how sport companies embraced this advertising/CSR technique and the repercussions. Findings provide guidance for sport marketers who seek to improve their brand image through femvertising.
Survival as an organizational goal
Authors: Eapen Tojin Thomas , Finkenstadt Daniel J.
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This article proposes that survival can be a legitimate organizational goal, challenging a common view that dismisses it as unambitious or contrary to innovation. Drawing parallels from nature and survival strategies across various systems, it advocates that organizations, much like living organisms, should prioritize survivability (i.e. ability to survive) to ensure long-term success. Contrary to being seen as limiting, survival, when understood in its broad sense, can encompass and enhance performance goals such as growth. The article outlines the ERP factors —efficiency, resilience and prominence—as key to achieving survivability, offering a framework for organizations to manage resources, adapt to external forces and balance visibility to thrive amidst challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

Conceptual framework.

Findings

This model introduces the significance of survivability as an organizational goal.

Originality/value

This article argues for the consideration of survival as an overarching organizational goal, challenging the prevalent view that dismisses it as unambitious or contrary to innovation.
Therapeutic architecture and tourism: exploring potential cross-disciplinary synergies: a Horizon 2050 paper
Authors: Chrysikou Evangelia
Published: September 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to strengthen the connection between therapeutic built environments and tourism research and practice. While there is evidence in the importance of the Built Environment (BE) of cities, workspaces and health-care facilities to health, the BE of facilities for tourism in relation to health remains relatively unexplored.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper conducts an exploratory search on architecture and tourism BE and narrowed it down to a scoping review on wellness tourism and architectural health impacts from 2010 to 2024. This would highlight lessons learned from the field of medical architecture, i.e. a cross-disciplinary field combining BE research, public health and health-care services research, to explore potential synergies of cross-pollination with the field of hospitality and medical architecture.

Findings

Principles and theories of medical architecture can be incorporated into the BE of wellness hospitality, tourism for ageing and pandemic preparedness.

Originality/value

The paper sets the basis of a novel cross-disciplinary collaboration between therapeutic architecture and hospitality for increasing the societal impact of the latter. This is particularly important in a post-Covid and an ageing society.
An approach of 2D convolutional neural network–based seismic data fault interpretation with linear annotation and pixel thinking
Authors: Deng Bowen , Zou Guangui , Peng Suping , She Jiasheng , Han Chengyang , Liu Yanhai
Published: September 2024

This article introduces an improved method for geological fault interpretation utilizing a 2D convolutional neural network approach with a focus on coalbed horizons, dealing with the problem as an image classification task. At the beginning, linear annotations, reflecting geological fault features, are applied to multiple seismic sections. By considering texture differences between fault and non‐fault areas, we construct samples that represent these distinct zones for training deep neural networks. Initially, fault annotations are transformed into single dots to facilitate pixel‐based processing. To depict a specific dot's geological structure, we employ a matrix clipped around the point, determined by a combination of range and step parameters. Convolutional layers generate filters equivalent to seismic data transformation, streamlining the need for analysis and selection of seismic attributes. The article discusses enhancing the efficiency of 2D convolutional neural network–based fault interpretation by optimizing sample selection, data extraction and model construction procedures. Through the incorporation of data from two mining areas (totalling 27.09 km2) in sample creation, the overall accuracy exceeds 0.99. Recognition extends seamlessly to unlabelled sections, showcasing the innovative technical route and methodology of fault interpretation with linear annotation and pixel‐based thinking. This study presents a method that integrates planar and raster thinking, transitioning from vision‐oriented geological structure annotation to algorithm‐oriented pixel location. The proposed 2D convolutional neural network–based matrix‐oriented fault/non‐fault binary classification demonstrates feasibility and reproducibility, offering a new automated approach for fault detection in coalbeds through convolutional neural network algorithms.
An analysis of 105 female‐perpetrated mass murders
Authors: Girgis Ragy R. , Hoang Dung , Hesson Hannah , Dishy Gabriella , Lee Kathryn , Pia Tyler , Syed Faizan , Villalobos Alexandra , Appelbaum Paul S. , Brucato Gary
Published: September 2024

Most research on mass murderers to date has focused on perpetrators of male sex, while research on perpetrators of female sex has been relegated to case reports and series. We aimed to more fully examine the phenomenon of female‐perpetrated mass murder. We analyzed 1715 worldwide incidents of personal‐cause mass murder from 1900 to 2019, identifying 105 (6%) events perpetrated by females. We defined mass murder as any event involving at least three fatalities, not including the perpetrator, using any method. We identified cases of mass murder from English‐language databases of mass murder or murder in print or online. There were no significant differences in age and race between female and male perpetrators. Relative to males, female perpetrators were significantly less likely to employ firearms in their mass murders, using them in less than half of cases, compared to over 70% for males. The prevalence of psychotic signs and symptoms among female mass murderers was more than double that among males (25.7% vs. 12.5%, p < 0.01), while the rate of nonpsychotic psychiatric or neurological conditions was also much greater among female perpetrators (29.5% vs. 17.1%, p < 0.01). Over half of female perpetrators took or attempted to take their own lives. More than three‐quarters of mass murders by females involved at least one family member as a victim. This study underscores sex‐specific differences in the perpetration of mass murder and the need for further research to understand how insights about such dynamics might lead to the development of more effective and informed intervention policies.
Trauma system management of adults with severe burns in Victoria, Australia
Authors: Cleland Heather , Cameron Peter , Gabbe Belinda
Published: September 2024

Objectives

The aim of the present study was to examine the profile, management and outcomes of adult patients with severe burns within the Victorian State Trauma System (VSTS).

Methods

Data from the Victorian State Trauma Registry (VSTR) was analysed to characterise patient and injury characteristics and review pre‐hospital management and clinical outcomes of adult patients with severe burns.

Results

There were 421 cases over 13 years of the study. Approximately 80% of cases were flame burns, and 5% were associated with other significant trauma. Approximately 75% were male; with 83% of patients under 65 years old, 40% of lower socioeconomic status, 25% having pre‐existing drug and alcohol involvement, and 36% living with associated comorbidities. All but 11 patients (of 421) were managed definitively at the burns service. Around one‐third of patients had interhospital transfer, with median (interquartile range (IQR)) time spent in the primary hospital 3.0 (1.9–4.3) h. Only five patients had multiple interhospital transfers. Nearly 75% of patients were admitted to an ICU. The median (IQR) length of definitive hospital stay was 27.2 (11.2–44.9) days. The mortality rate was 23.8%.

Conclusions

Severe burns are uncommon injuries with high mortality. There is a high rate of adherence to VSTS guidelines for managing patients with severe burns, and a decrease in patients requiring transfer associated with an increase in acceptable time to a trauma‐receiving hospital. The VSTS operates to deliver almost all patients with severe burns to the definitive burns service efficiently.
The cat‐scratch procedure: A new technique for surgical management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax
Authors: Stamenovic Davor
Published: September 2024

Introduction

Surgery is an option as the primary treatment for patients with primary spontaneous pneumothorax. Talc pleurodesis and subtotal parietal pleurectomy have demonstrated virtually equal effectiveness in reducing recurrence but result in significant scarring, hindering further chest access if necessary. This paper introduces a new, less invasive technique for the surgical management of primary spontaneous pneumothorax.

Methods

The procedure can easily be conducted via a uniportal thoracoscopic approach. Following the standard identification of the air leak and subsequent bullectomy, short intermittent incisions are made in the parietal pleura, each following the course of the first, second, and third ribs, respectively. Subsequently, a paravertebral block catheter and a pleural drain are inserted, completing the procedure.

Results

Five patients underwent surgery using this approach. All five were discharged without any post‐operative complications and showed no signs of recurrence within 2 weeks following surgery.

Conclusion

This paper presents a new, less invasive, and less extensive form of pleurectomy for primary spontaneous pneumothorax. The primary advantage of this technique is its ability to maintain chest accessibility, especially considering that some patients with pneumothorax may require further lung surgery in the future. In addition, the procedural time is shorter, and it is expected to have a smaller negative impact on respiratory mechanics.
Resveratrol delays the progression of diabetic nephropathy through multiple pathways: A dose–response meta‐analysis based on animal models
Authors: Liu Xiaojing , Gu Xia , Zhang Jiao , Li Xiangmeng , Wei Xiansen , Jiang Shimin , Li Wenge
Published: September 2024

Objective

Accumulating experimental evidence has shown that resveratrol supplementation is effective for treating diabetic nephropathy (DN) in animal models. In this systematic review and meta‐analysis, we assessed the effects and multiple mechanisms of resveratrol in animal models of DN.

Methods

Before September 2023, preclinical literature was systematically searched and screened across PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Forty‐two studies were included, and the risk of bias tool from SYRCLE was used to assess the methodological quality. Pooled overall effect sizes of the results were generated by STATA 16.0.

Results

The overall results provide preliminary evidence that the consumption of resveratrol can significantly reduce the mesangial index, glomerular basement membrane thickness, glomerular hypertrophy, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, 24‐h urinary protein, blood glucose, kidney index, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol levels. In contrast, the levels of albumin and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol are significantly increased. However, resveratrol did not significantly reduce creatinine clearance or glycated hemoglobin levels. Dose–response analysis revealed that resveratrol was most effective at improving kidney function and reducing DN when administered at lower doses of ≤15 mg/kg/day or higher doses of 100–200 mg/kg/day, with significant improvements in biochemical kidney injury markers and a better effect on dysglycemia.

Conclusions

The benefits of resveratrol in DN are likely due to its anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, metabolic regulatory, and autophagy‐promoting effects. To confirm these findings for clinical use, further large‐scale, long‐term, high‐quality preclinical trials are warranted to accurately assess the anti‐DN effects and safety of resveratrol.

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A national evaluation of a multi‐modal, blended, digital intervention integrated within Australian youth mental health services
Authors: Alvarez‐Jimenez M. , Nicholas J. , Valentine L. , Liu P. , Mangelsdorf S. , Baker S. , Gilbertson T. , O'Loughlin G. , McEnery C. , McGorry P. D. , Gleeson J. F. , Cross S. P.
Published: September 2024

Background

Youth mental health (YMH) services have been established internationally to provide timely, age‐appropriate, mental health treatment and improve long‐term outcomes. However, YMH services face challenges including long waiting times, limited continuity of care, and time‐bound support. To bridge this gap, MOST was developed as a scalable, blended, multi‐modal digital platform integrating real‐time and asynchronous clinician‐delivered counselling; interactive psychotherapeutic content; vocational support; peer support, and a youth‐focused online community. The implementation of MOST within Australian YMH services has been publicly funded.

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the real‐world engagement, outcomes, and experience of MOST during the first 32 months of implementation.

Method

Young people from participating YMH services were referred into MOST. Engagement metrics were derived from platform usage. Symptom and satisfaction measures were collected at baseline, 6, and 12 (primary endpoint) weeks. Effect sizes were calculated for the primary outcomes of depression and anxiety and secondary outcomes of psychological distress and wellbeing.

Results

Five thousand seven hundred and two young people from 262 clinics signed up and used MOST at least once. Young people had an average of 19 login sessions totalling 129 min over the first 12 weeks of use, with 71.7% using MOST for at least 14 days, 40.1% for 12 weeks, and 18.8% for 24 weeks. There was a statistically significant, moderate improvement in depression and anxiety at 12 weeks as measured by the PHQ4 across all users irrespective of treatment stage (d = 0.41, 95% CI 0.35–0.46). Satisfaction levels were high, with 93% recommending MOST to a friend. One thousand one hundred and eighteen young people provided written feedback, of which 68% was positive and 31% suggested improvement.

Conclusions

MOST is a highly promising blended digital intervention with potential to address the limitations and enhance the impact of YMH services.
Long corolla flowers in Tropical Andes favour nectar robbing by the Black Metaltail hummingbird: A study using citizen science and field observations
Authors: Camerlenghi Ettore , Mangini G. Giselle , Anderson Rodolfo O. , Cruz‐Gispert Albert , Loosveld Rikkert , Gonzáles Paúl , Nolazco Sergio
Published: September 2024

Understanding what drives the evolution of nectar‐robbing strategies is key for gaining insight into the functioning of pollination networks. However, nectar robbing is often an anecdotal behaviour, difficult to quantify and record through field observations, especially in hummingbirds, limiting our understanding of how ecological networks change across communities. Here, we report new records of nectar robbing by Peru's endemic Black Metaltail (Metallura phoebe) in a high‐elevation forest at ca. 4000 m a.s.l. and how this species uses either legitimate pollination feeding or nectar robbing in relation to corolla lengths. Furthermore, by analysing 452 citizen science records of photographic observations, we found that 36% of the photographs depicting a foraging event in this species were actually nectar‐robbing events. After identifying the plant species in all photographs involving foraging events, we describe how nectar robbing conducted by this hummingbird species is strongly associated with flowers that have longer corollas. We propose that the hummingbird‐flower interactions in harsh high‐altitude environments, where resources and competition vary markedly across seasons, can offer insight into the ecological drivers of nectar‐robbing behaviour in hummingbirds.
Short‐run subsidies and long‐run willingness to pay: Learning and anchoring in an agricultural experiment in Ethiopia
Authors: Balew Solomon , Bulte Erwin , Kassie Menale
Published: September 2024

We study how temporary provision of an agricultural innovation at zero cost affects long‐run demand for that innovation. Our experimental design enables us to distinguish between an “anchoring effect” of subsidies and a “learning effect.” We document large and persistent anchoring and learning effects. For the innovation that we consider, an integrated pest management (IPM) package for Ethiopian smallholder farmers, the learning effect dominates the anchoring effect, so temporary subsidized provision promotes long‐run technology diffusion.
Vitreoschisis‐induced vitreous cortex remnants in proliferative vitreoretinopathy: A comprehensive review from basic research to clinical practice
Authors: van Overdam Koen A. , Veckeneer Marc , Kiliç Emine , van Etten Peter G. , Sebag Jerry , van Meurs Jan C.
Published: September 2024

Proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) significantly impacts the prognosis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), one of the most critical and increasing causes of vision loss in the Western world. Despite advancements in surgical instruments and techniques, the failure rate due to PVR remains substantial, necessitating additional surgeries and often leading to unsatisfactory visual outcomes. This comprehensive review explores the role of vitreoschisis‐induced vitreous cortex remnants (VCR) as a critical, previously under‐recognised factor contributing to PVR. Vitreoschisis, a phenomenon where the inner lamellae of the posterior vitreous cortex detach while the outermost layers remain attached to the retina, creates VCR that may contain hyalocytes and serve as scaffolds for fibrocellular proliferation. These remnants are difficult to visualise without triamcinolone acetonide (TA) staining, leading to their frequent lack of recognition in clinical practice. Moreover, removing VCR can be challenging and time‐consuming, often requiring meticulous surgical techniques to avoid retinal damage and ensure complete elimination. This review consolidates insights from basic research and clinical practice, emphasising the importance of complete vitreous removal and effective VCR detection and removal to mitigate PVR risks. It highlights the histopathological and clinical evidence supporting the hypothesis that VCR, containing hyalocytes, play a pivotal role in preretinal membrane formation. The review also discusses epidemiological data, surgical management strategies and potential future directions, including improved visualisation techniques and the development of new surgical tools and methods. This review aims to improve surgical outcomes and reduce the frequency and burden of RRD‐related complications by addressing VCR as a critical factor in PVR.
CEO Benevolence and Corporate Social Performance
Authors: Weerasinghe Ashesha , Chapple Ellie , Williamson Alexandra
Published: September 2024

The involvement of corporate CEOs/directors in not‐for‐profit (NFP) leadership is significant for corporate and NFP sectors. We refer to this activity as ‘benevolence’. These benevolent leaders bring synergistic effects to each leadership position. Although research has examined various characteristics of NFPs and corporate leaders independently, the impact of this combination of serving NFPs and listed firms is worth examining, given current debates on the form and function of stakeholder capitalism. We provide preliminary exploration of NFP leadership positions of CEOs/directors, from 2010 to 2019. Data were hand‐collected from CEO/director biographies in annual reports. NFP roles were verified through public sources (e.g., Australian Charities and Not‐For‐Profit Commission). We identify meaningful patterns in NFP leadership positions held by the those in the top echelons. In evaluating whether benevolent leaders influence corporate ethical outcomes, we find a significant positive association. Our findings establish the foundation for future inquiries on the influence of benevolent leaders on many corporate outcomes.
Unpacking interplays between competitiveness, cooperativeness, and social comparison orientation: A network psychometric approach and replication
Authors: Meng Guangteng , Wang Lingxiao , Zhong Bowei , Wang Shujing , Li Qi , Liu Xun
Published: September 2024

Emerging evidence highlights the role of social comparison in competition and cooperation, yet the dynamics among competitiveness, cooperativeness, and social comparison orientation (SCO) remain underexplored. In the present study, we sought to unravel these complex interplays employing graphical Gaussian models (GGMs) and characterize the network structures utilizing cross‐sectional data derived from 1073 Chinese participants. A pre‐registered independent sample (n = 1348) served to examine the replicability and robustness of our initial findings. Moreover, we explored the Bayesian networks (i.e., directed acyclic graphs) to delve into their probabilistic directed dependencies. Our analysis identified an interpersonal co‐opetition network where SCO bridges competitiveness and cooperativeness, emphasizing the key influence of the desire to surpass others. We also found a significant gender effect on the levels of these orientations but not on the network patterns. Additionally, the replication sample offered validation for the resultant network structure and its key nodes. In sum, these findings provide a new insight into the symbiotic relationship between competitiveness and cooperativeness within the framework of social comparison, offering significant theoretical and practical implications.
Differences in mutations across tumour sizes in clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Monda Steven M. , Carney Benjamin W. , May Allison M. , Gulati Shuchi , Salami Simpa S. , Chandrasekar Thenappan , Keller Evan T. , Huebner Nicolai A. , Palapattu Ganesh S. , Dall'Era Marc A.
Published: September 2024

Objective

To assess the distribution of key mutations across tumour sizes in clear‐cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), and secondarily to examine the prognostic impact of aggressive mutations in smaller ccRCCs.

Patient and Methods

The distribution of mutations (VHL, PBRM1, SETD2, BAP1 and CDKN2A loss) across tumour sizes was assessed in 1039 ccRCCs treated with nephrectomy in cohorts obtained from the Tracking Cancer Evolution (TRACERx), The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Cancer Genomics of the Kidney (CAGEKID) projects. Logistic regression was used to model the presence of each mutation against size. In our secondary analysis, we assessed a subset of ccRCCs ≤7 cm for associations of key aggressive mutations (SETD2, BAP1, and CDKN2A loss) with metastasis, invasive disease and overall survival, while controlling for size. A subset of localised tumours ≤7 cm was also used to assess associations with recurrence after nephrectomy.

Results

On logistic regression, each 1‐cm increase in tumour size was associated with aggressive mutations, SETD2, BAP1, and CDKN2A loss, at odds ratios (ORs) of 1.09, 1.10 and 1.19 (P < 0.001), whereas no significant association was observed between tumour size and PBRM1 (OR 1.02; P = 0.23). VHL was mildly negatively associated with a 1‐cm increase in size (OR 0.95; P = 0.01). Among tumours ≤7 cm, SETD2 and CDKN2A loss were associated with metastatic disease at ORs of 3.86 and 3.84 (P < 0.05) while controlling for tumour size. CDKN2A loss was associated with worse overall survival, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.19 (P = 0.03). Among localised tumours ≤7 cm, SETD2 was associated with worse recurrence‐free survival (HR 2.00; P = 0.03).

Conclusion

Large and small ccRCCs are genomically different. Aggressive mutations, namely, SETD2, BAP1, and CDKN2A loss, are rarely observed in small ccRCCs and are observed more frequently in larger tumours. However, when present in tumours ≤7 cm, SETD2 mutations and CDKN2A loss were still independently associated with invasive disease, metastasis, worse survival, and recurrence after resection, after controlling for size.
Atopic dermatitis and hand eczema in Danish adults: A nationwide population‐based study
Authors: Vinge Anna Schultz , Skov Lone , Johansen Jeanne Duus , Quaade Anna Sophie
Published: September 2024

Background

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and hand eczema often co‐occur, particularly among adults.

Objectives

To examine the interplay between AD and hand eczema in the general population, by characterising prevalence, disease severity, contact sensitization, and comorbidities in individuals with one or both conditions.

Materials and Methods

In this cross‐sectional study, 100 000 randomly selected adults in the Danish general population received a questionnaire via a secure, digital mailbox linked to their civil registration number. Participants answered questions regarding eczema, disease severity, patch testing, and comorbidities.

Results

A total of 40 007 individuals responded to the question on a lifetime prevalence of AD, and the prevalence among adult Danes was 9.0%. Nearly one third of individuals with AD reported moderate to severe disease. AD was associated with contact sensitization and increased hand eczema prevalence. Individuals with both AD and hand eczema reported worse disease severity. Furthermore, having both conditions was associated with an increased risk of psychiatric comorbidities.

Conclusions

This study provided updated information about unselected adults with AD in Denmark. Individuals with both AD and hand eczema represent a vulnerable subgroup that physicians should be attentive to.
Impact of continuous glucose monitoring on hospitalizations and glucose control in people with type 2 diabetes: real‐world analysis
Authors: Garg Satish K. , Hirsch Irl B. , Repetto Enrico , Snell‐Bergeon Janet , Ulmer Brian , Perkins Christopher , Bergenstal Richard M.
Published: September 2024

Aim

The real‐world benefits of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) in the broad type 2 diabetes (T2D) population are not well studied. Our study evaluated the impact of CGM use on health care resource utilization over 12 months in adults with T2D.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective cohort analysis used Optum's de‐identified Market Clarity data of >79 million people to evaluate CGM use in people with T2D who were treated with non‐insulin (NIT), basal insulin (BIT) and prandial insulin therapy (PIT). The primary outcomes were changes in all‐cause hospitalizations, acute diabetes‐related hospitalizations and acute diabetes‐related emergency room visits during the 6‐ and 12‐month post‐index period following transition from blood glucose monitoring to CGM. A pre‐specified subgroup analysis assessed glucose control and medication changes among people with T2D over 1 year.

Results

The analysis included 74 679 adults with T2D (NIT; n = 25 269), (BIT; n = 16 264) and (PIT; n = 33 146). Significant reductions in all‐cause hospitalizations, acute diabetes‐related hospitalizations and acute diabetes‐related emergency room visits were observed in the 6‐month post‐index period that were sustained during the 6–12 month post‐index period (NIT, −10.1%, −31.0%, −30.7%; BIT, −13.9%, −47.6%, −28.2%; and PIT, −22.6%, −52.7%, −36.6%, respectively). A subgroup analysis of 6030 people showed mean glycated haemoglobin reductions at approximately 3 months, which were also sustained throughout the post‐index period: NIT, −1.1 (0.05)%; BIT, −1.1 (0.06)%; and PIT, −0.9 (0.04)%, p < 0.0001.

Conclusions

CGM use in real‐life across different therapeutic regimens in adults with T2D was associated with reductions in health care resource utilization with improved glucose control over 1 year.
Prevalence of complications and co‐morbidities in males and females with obesity: Real‐world insights from claims data analysis
Authors: Bae Jay P. , Nelson David R. , Boye Kristina S. , Mather Kieren J.
Published: September 2024

Aim

To comprehensively examine the range of co‐morbidities among males and females with a diagnosis of obesity.

Materials and Methods

This cross‐sectional retrospective study used US commercial and Medicare claims data from Merative MarketScan Research Databases to identify adults (age ≥ 18 years) with a diagnosis of obesity with continuous insurance coverage from 2018 to 2020. Co‐morbidities were tabulated based on coded diagnoses, and prevalences were calculated in males and females across age groups. Age‐adjusted odds ratios (ORs) determined differences in co‐morbidities between the sexes.

Results

Of an eligible sample of 6.9 million, we identified 2 028 273 individuals with at least one obesity‐related International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, Clinical Modification code. The proportions of males and females with obesity were 43.0% versus 57.0%. The most prevalent co‐morbidities among males and females were hypertension (62.8% vs. 52.2%), dyslipidaemia (63.3% vs. 50.3%) and depression and/or anxiety (D/A; 29.7% vs. 48.5%). The prevalence of D/A was high in the younger age group, but steadily decreased with age in both sexes; however, hypertension and dyslipidaemia continued to increase with age. The presence of diagnosis of hypertension and dyslipidaemia was 6‐8 years earlier in males than in females. Females had higher odds than males for osteoarthritis (OR 1.33), depression (OR 2.22) or osteoporosis (OR 7.10); all P < .0001.

Conclusions

Males with obesity received a diagnosis of cardiovascular risk factors at an earlier age than females, which may have contributed to the higher prevalence of coronary heart disease. Understanding sex‐specific variations in co‐morbidities across ages can support early screening and diagnosis of risk clusters for optimal obesity management.
Catheter‐related deep vein thrombosis: Where are we at and where are we going? Updates and ongoing unmet clinical needs
Authors: Girardi Laura , Di Nisio Marcello , Candeloro Matteo , Valeriani Emanuele , Ageno Walter
Published: September 2024

Background

Catheter‐related thrombosis (CRT) is one of the major complications affecting patients with indwelling venous catheters, usually involving the upper extremity deep venous system. This condition can lead to potentially life‐threatening complications such as pulmonary embolism and sepsis. The risk of developing CRT varies depending on type of catheters and patient characteristics. Despite advances in materials and technologies, the actual incidence of CRT is still considerable. Available evidence on CRT management remains controversial, and clinical guidelines base their recommendations on data from non‐catheter related upper extremity or lower extremity deep venous thromboses.

Aims

This narrative review aims to describe the epidemiology of CRT, to review the available evidence on its management and to highlight the current unmet needs.

Methods

No formal search strategy was applied for the revision of the literature. The main sources of information used were Medline and guidelines from international societies.

Content

The management of CRT requires a careful balance between the risk of thrombus progression, recurrent events, and systemic embolization and the increased bleeding risk in often fragile patients. Open issues include the optimal management of the catheter and the type and duration of anticoagulant therapy. Direct oral anticoagulants are increasingly prescribed, representing an important alternative to the standard of care low molecular weight heparins in selected cases. The development of new anticoagulant drugs such as factors XI and XII inhibitors may offer further advantages in this context.

Conclusions

The management of CRT is still challenging with constant need for updated evidence to support tailored approaches.
Commentary: What Is Truly Foundational?
Authors: Crespo Cruz Eduardo J. , Immanuel Aria , Keller Lisa A. , Ketan  , McIntee Kimberly , Serrano Fernando José Mena , Sireci Stephen G. , Smith Nate , Suárez‐Álvarez Javier , Wells Craig S. , Woodland Rebecca , Zenisky April L.
Published: September 2024

The Task Force on Foundational Competencies in Educational Measurement has produced a set of foundational competencies and invited comment on the document. The students and faculty at the University of Massachusetts Amherst provide their comments and critique of the proposed competencies. Both students and faculty agree that there needs to be more specificity regarding the purpose of the document, the nature of the data used to produce the document, and the definition of the relevant terms. Additionally, attention should be paid to the international context, and the role of artificial intelligence and machine learning. The authors acknowledge the contribution of the draft of the foundational competencies and look forward to more conversation regarding this topic.
Internal fixation of a short oblique scapular neck fracture in a foal using two 3.5‐mm tibial‐plateau‐levelling‐osteotomy (TPLO) locking plates
Authors: Marcos‐Serralta Sonia , Gray Andrew Scott
Published: September 2024

This case report describes a novel fixation technique of scapular neck fracture in a 2‐week‐old Arabian foal using two 3.5 mm tibial‐plateau‐levelling‐osteotomy (TPLO) locking plates originally designed for small animal orthopaedic surgery. The foal presented with a traumatic short oblique scapular neck fracture. Fracture fixation was performed under general anaesthesia using two anatomically pre‐shaped 3.5 mm TPLO locking plates; one on each side of the spine of the scapula. Fracture fixation was successful using two TPLO locking plates. Minimal soft tissue manipulation and identification of the suprascapular nerve allowed for relatively atraumatic application of the implants. The implants were left in place. Follow‐up evaluation 2 years after surgical intervention confirmed the horse to be sound with no clinical or gait abnormalities. Stabilisation of a short oblique scapular neck fracture in a 2‐week‐old foal with an anatomically pre‐shaped implant led to a good outcome in this case report. No complications were encountered during the recovery period. The use of an anatomically pre‐shaped locking plate intended for use on dogs, which is widely available in the veterinary industry, has proven to be a viable alternative for a scapular neck fracture fixation in this foal.
Development of luminescent probes for real‐time detection of the CDK/PP2A balance during the cell cycle
Authors: Hino Hirotsugu , Takaki Kaori , Kobe Mika , Mochida Satoru
Published: September 2024

From a biochemical viewpoint, the cell cycle is controlled by the phosphorylation of cyclin‐dependent kinase (CDK) substrates, and the phosphorylation level is determined by the enzymatic balance between CDK and protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). However, the conventional techniques for analyzing protein phosphorylation using radioisotopes and antibodies involve many operational steps and take days before obtaining results, making them difficult to apply to high‐throughput screening and real‐time observations. In this study, we developed luminescent probes with a light intensity that changes depending on its phosphorylation state. We modified the Nano‐lantern probe (Renilla luciferase‐based Ca2+ probe) by introducing a CDK‐substrate peptide and a phosphopeptide‐binding domain into the luciferase. Our initial trial resulted in new probes that could report the CDK/PP2A balance in a purified system. Further modifications of these probes (replacing the phospho‐Ser with phospho‐Thr and randomly replacing its surrounding amino acids) improved the dynamic range by up to four‐fold, making them practical for use in the Xenopus egg extracts system, where many physiological events can be reproduced. Taken together, our new probes enabled the monitoring of the CDK/PP2A balance in real time, and are applicable to high‐throughput systems; the new probes thus appear promising for use in substrate and drug screening.
Grupo Vivências: Rehearsing resistance to abyssal thinking in business schools
Authors: dos Santos Elisabeth Cavalcante , da Silva Ítalo , Lorêto Myrna Suely Silva
Published: September 2024

The objective of this study is to point out ways of resisting abyssal thinking in business schools based on the practices of the “Grupo Vivências,” a teaching, research, and extension group that originated in the business course of an academic center located in the peripheral region Agreste, in Pernambuco, a state in northeastern Brazil. The theoretical discussion in this article is anchored in the decolonial thinking developed by the Epistemologies of the South through the notions of “abyssal thinking” or “colonial thinking,” “engaged pedagogy,” and “pluriversal methodologies.” The discussion is based on the narrative of one of the group's coordinating professors and the first author of this article, which brings together different narratives referring to the practices of the Grupo Vivências, carried out between 2018 and 2022. The research and extension proposal of the group has questioned the colonial hierarchical divisions of mind versus body, theory versus practice, subject versus object, as well as knowing versus doing. Thus, the group's practices have shown resistance to abyssal/colonial thinking when: (1) they have sought to recognize the differences that make up the participants in the projects and, based on this, have elaborated possibilities of resistance to perceived oppressions mediated through the use of art; (2) they have encouraged values contrary to modern rational‐instrumental logic such as care, embracement, sharing, and collective construction; and (3) they have sought to insert the ecology of knowledge into their practices by creating spaces for dialogue between different fields of procedural knowledge.
Exploring the interplay between enjoyment, anxiety, ideal self, and willingness to communicate in EMI higher education
Authors: Xu Jian , Zhou Sihan , Chen Chen , Perrin Stuart , Gan Haiyun
Published: September 2024

Learning academic disciplinary knowledge through English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in higher education can be emotionally taxing. However, compared to the bulk of studies investigating the role of emotions in language learning, research that explores students’ emotional experiences in EMI contexts remains scarce. Drawing on a sample of 746 undergraduate students at an EMI university in China, the present study disentangles how two heavily researched emotions (i.e., enjoyment and anxiety) affect students’ learning motivation and willingness to communicate (WTC) inside and outside of EMI classrooms. Students’ motivation is conceptualized through the notion of ideal self to represent their aspired future self‐image as competent language users (ideal L2 self) and subject experts in the field (ideal disciplinary self). Results from structural equation modeling analyses highlighted enjoyment as a strong positive predictor for both ideal selves and WTC. In contrast, anxiety failed to predict neither ideal L2 self nor ideal disciplinary self but had a negative effect on WTC. The two types of ideal selves were found to differ in their respective impact on students’ WTC inside of EMI classrooms yet neither predicted WTC outside of classrooms. Pedagogical implications for EMI teaching and learning are provided.
Introducción: La formalización del trabajo doméstico remunerado. Trayectorias actuales y retos futuros
Authors: JAEHRLING Karen , PEREYRA Francisca , POBLETE Lorena
Published: September 2024

Desde la adopción del Convenio sobre las trabajadoras y los trabajadores domésticos, 2011 (núm. 189) de la OIT, las políticas públicas se han centrado en la formalización. Sin embargo, los avances siguen siendo lentos. Incluso cuando aumenta la cobertura jurídica en virtud de la nueva legislación laboral y de seguridad social, el control del cumplimiento suele ser insuficiente. En esta introducción al número monográfico se ahonda en las dinámicas y los factores causales que determinan la formalización efectiva, pasando por modalidades intermedias entre el trabajo informal y el formal, y se destaca la agencia de los actores (Estados, intermediarios, actores colectivos, empleadores y trabajadores) a nivel macro, meso y micro.