bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
radicalismo hegemonista
Authors: C. A.
Published: July 2022

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ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 49, No. 547-548, 1994: 555-561.
Perilaku Pemilih Pada Pemilihan Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur Provinsi Kalimantan Barat (Studi pada Anggota Dewan Adat Dayak)
Authors: Patriani Ira , Eben Navire Bernardo
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengenai perilaku pemilih yang ada pada pemilihan Gubernur dan Wakil Gubernur Kalimantan Barat pada tahun 2018 dalam menentukan pilihan serta mendeskripsikan mengenai bentuk perilaku yang terbentuk didalam keanggotaan Dewan Adat Dayak. Pemilihan kepala daerah serentak tahun 2018 diwarnai dengan meningkatnya isu-isu SARA, peran DAD sangat penting guna untuk mencegah dan dapat menjadi sarana mediasi antar suku di daerah Kalimantan Barat dalam menghadapi pemilukada serentak. Teori perilaku politik yang digunakan adalah teori perilaku pemilih menurut Ramlan Surbakti, perilaku pemilih berdasarkan ikatan

 

primordialisme dan perilaku pemilih rasional. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif pendekatan kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara serta dokumentasi. Lokasi penelitian masyarakat Dayak dilakukan di desa Parit Baru Kabupaten Kubu Raya, dan anggota Dewan Adat Dayak ditempat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat cenderung memilih berdasarkan ikatan primordialisme, namun juga disisi lain mereka memilih tetap melalui pertimbangan secara rasional, dalam hal ini rekam jejak maupun kualitas dari pasangan calon yang akan dipilih. Pemilih ikatan primordialisme ini cenderung memilih berdasarkan adanya kesamaan, unsur-unsur kesamaan tersebut ialah, kesamaan agama, suku, budaya, ras, status sosial, maupun ideologi. Sedangkan pada masyarakat pemilih yang rasional cenderung terdapat di daerah masyrakat yang heterogen, pemilih tipe rasional tidak mudah dipengaruhi dan kritis serta menilai dari rekam jejak maupun timbal balik pada pemerintahan terpilih.
نشأة اللغات بين القاضي عبد الجبار وعلم اللغة الحديث
Authors: Elmhemıt Hüseyin
Published: July 2022

شغلت مسألة نشأة اللغات في الفكر الإسلامي حيزاً كبيراً من الدرس والمناقشة، كان النصيب الأكبر في هذه المناقشات للأصوليين وعلماء الكلام، وابتدع المسلمون نظريتين في نشأة اللغات، النظرية الأولى تقول: بتوقيفية اللغة، ترى هذه النظرية أن اللغة توقيف من الله تعالى، أو هي إلهام هبط على الإنسان فَعُلِمَ أسماء الأشياء، وهذه النظرية قديمة جداً، فقد نادى بها الفلاسفة اليونانيون، أما النظرية الثانية فتقول: بالمواضعة ويرى أصحاب هذه النظرية أن اللغة نشأت من اتفاق الأفراد في المجتمع، وكان معظم القائلين بهذه النظرية من المعتزلة الذين استمدوا أدلتهم من المنطق العقلي، وفسروا ما ورد من نصوص ليلائم اتجاههم و ينسجم مع منطقهم، وحاول بعض العلماء التوفيق بين هاتين النظريتين، فقال: إن الله عز وجل وهب الإنسان القدرة على الاصطلاح وكرمه بالآليات المناسبة لذلك، ولكن اللغة الأولى لم تكن اصطلاحية بل توقيفية بمعنى أن اللغة الأولى كانت بتعليم الله تعالى، وما كان بعدها من اللغات هو باصطلاح الإنسان ومواضعته، يقرر القاضي نظرية مختلفة فبداية يقرر أن اللغة الأولى لا بد أن تكون مواضعةً فالمواضعة عنده أسبق زماناً من التوقيف، ذلك لأن الله تعالى لا يمكن أن يخاطبنا دون أن تكون لنا لغة يمكن أن يخاطبنا بها كي نفهم مراده تعالى، إن ما تقدم من الكلام هو بالنسبة للغة الأولى، أما اللغات التي أتت بعد ذلك فإن القاضي لا يقطع فيها بشيء، فيصح أن تكون تلك اللغات قد وضعت بالتوقيف من الله تعالى، كما يصحُّ أن تكون وضعت بالتواضع والاصطلاح بين البشر، ولا دليل يرجح أيًّا من هذين الاحتمالين، ثم يتحدث القاضي عن كيفية المواضعة التي اشترطها، والتي من خلالها نستطيع فهم مراد الله تعالى، ومن الشروط التي وضعها القاضي حتى تتم المواضعة القصد للمواضعة، فلا يمكن لاسم ما أن يكون عَلَمَاً على مسمى معين إلا إن توفر شرط القصد على وضع هذا الاسم لذلك الاسم المعين، كما أن نشأت اللغة أخذت حيزاً كبيراً في كتب علم اللغة الحديث، وحاول علماء اللغة ابداع نظريات أخرى غير النظريتين السابقتين، فقرروا في نهايات القرن الثامن عشر النظرية الفطرية التي تقرر أن الفضل في نشأة اللغة الأولى يرجع إلى غريزة خاصة لدى أفراد النوع الإنساني، هذه الغريزة تحمل كل فرد منهم على التعبير عن كل مدرك حسي أو معنوي بكلمة خاصة، ومن أشهر النظريات في كتب علم اللغة الحديث نظرية المحاكاة التي تقول: إن النشأة الأولى للألفاظ كانت عن طريق تقليد الإنسان للأصوات الطبيعية التي سمعها الإنسان، واتخذ منها أسماء لمصدر هذه الأصوات، وجاء البحث مؤلفاً من مقدمة تضمنت أهمية البحث وأهم الأسئلة التي سيجيب عنها، ومن تمهيد عن حياة القاضي عبد الجبار، ثم بدأ البحث بعرض أهم النظريات التي ذكرت في نشأة اللغات سواء عند العلماء المسلمين أو عند الغربيين، ثم عرض نظرية القاضي الخاصة في هذا الموضوع ودلائله العقلية التي استدعته إلى القول بهذا الأمر، وانتهى البحث بخاتمة تضمنت أهم النتائج والتوصيات.
Understanding of Perceived Gender Discrimination Phenomenon among Women in the Pakistani Context
Authors: Zaman Sadia , Naqvi Irum
Published: July 2022

The present research was planned for qualitative exploration of perceived gender discrimination in the Pakistani context on the lines of relative deprivation theoretical background. Five focus group discussions (N = 35) with working, non-working, married, and single adult women and two in-depth interviews with gender rights social activist and female lawyer were conducted. Their age range was 22-40 years with a mean age of 28.56 years. Content analysis technique revealed eight distinct domains as the main categories of discrimination perceived by women on the basis of gender, namely, education, employment/career, familial matters, financial matters, general social rights, appreciation and encouragement, abuse and violence, and gender-based stereotyping. Participants reported that despite offering more sacrifices and compromises, as compared to men the subsequent appreciation and encouragement given to them is non-existent. This contributed to one of the important and unique themes of perceived discrimination.
Atmospheric breakdown chemistry of the new green solvent 2,2,5,5-tetramethyloxolane via gas-phase reactions with OH and Cl radicals
Authors: Mapelli Caterina , Schleicher Juliette V. , Hawtin Alex , Rankine Conor D. , Whiting Fiona C. , Byrne Fergal , McElroy Con Rob , Roman Claudiu , Arsene Cecilia , Olariu Romeo I. , Bejan Iustinian G. , Dillon Terry J.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The atmospheric chemistry of 2,2,5,5-tetramethyloxolane (TMO), a promising ‘green’ solvent replacement for toluene, was investigated in laboratory and computational experiments. Results from both absolute and relative rate studies demonstrated that the reaction OH + TMO (R1) proceeds with a rate coefficient k1(296 K) = (3.1 ± 0.4) × 10−12 cm3 molecule−1 s−1, a factor of three smaller than predicted by recent structure activity relationships. Quantum chemical calculations (CBSQB3-G4) demonstrated that the reaction pathway via the lowest-energy transition state was characterised by a hydrogen-bonded pre-reaction complex, leading to thermodynamically less favoured products. Steric hindrance from the four methyl substituents in TMO prevent formation of such H-bonded complexes on the pathways to thermodynamically favoured products, a likely explanation for the anomalous slow rate of (R1). Further evidence for a complex mechanism was provided by k1(294 – 502 K), characterised by a local minimum at around T = 340 K. An estimated atmospheric lifetime of ≈ 3 days was calculated for TMO, approximately 50 % longer than toluene, indicating that any air pollution impacts from TMO emission would be less localised. Relative rate experiments were used to determine a rate coefficient, k2(296 K) = (1.2 ± 0.1) × 10−10 cm3 molecule−1 s−1 for Cl + TMO (R2); together with the slow (R1) this may indicate an additional contribution to TMO removal in regions impacted by high levels of atmospheric chlorine. All results indicate that TMO is a less problematic volatile organic compound (VOC) than toluene.
Intercomparison of Sentinel-5P TROPOMI cloud products for tropospheric trace gas retrievals
Authors: Latsch Miriam , Richter Andreas , Eskes Henk , Sneep Maarten , Wang Ping , Veefkind Pepijn , Lutz Ronny , Loyola Diego , Argyrouli Athina , Valks Pieter , Wagner Thomas , Sihler Holger , van Roozendael Michel , Theys Nicolas , Yu Huan , Siddans Richard , Burrows John P.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Clouds have a strong impact on satellite measurements of tropospheric trace gases in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared spectral ranges from space. Therefore, trace gas retrievals rely on information on cloud fraction, cloud albedo, and cloud height from cloud products. In this study, the cloud parameters from different cloud retrieval algorithms for Sentinel-5 Precursor (S5P) TROPOMI are compared: the OCRA a priori cloud fraction, the ROCINN CAL cloud fraction and cloud top and base height, the ROCINN CRB cloud fraction and cloud height, the FRESCO cloud fraction, the interpolated FRESCO cloud height from the TROPOMI NO2 product, the cloud fraction from the NO2 fitting window, the O2-O2 cloud fraction and cloud height, the MICRU cloud fraction, and the VIIRS cloud fraction. Two different versions of the TROPOMI cloud products OCRA/ROCINN, FRESCO, and the TROPOMI NO2 product are included in the comparisons (processor version 1.x and 2.x). Overall, the cloud parameters retrieved by the different algorithms show qualitative consistency in version 1.x and good agreement in version 2.x with the exception of the VIIRS cloud fraction, which cannot be directly compared to the other data. Differences between the cloud retrievals are found especially for small cloud heights with a cloud fraction threshold of 0.2, i.e., clouds that are particularly relevant for tropospheric trace gas retrievals. The cloud fractions of the different version 2 cloud products primarily differ over snow- and ice-covered pixels and scenes with sun glint, for which only MICRU includes an explicit treatment. All cloud parameters show some systematic problems related to the across-track dependence, where larger values are found at the edges of the satellite view. The consistency between the cloud parameters from different algorithms depends strongly on how the data is filtered for the comparison, e.g., what quality value is used or whether snow- and ice-covered pixels are excluded from the analysis. In summary, clear differences were found between the results of various algorithms, but these differences are reduced in the most recent versions of the cloud data.
Technical note: Improving the Initial Conditions of Hydrological Model with Reanalysis Soil Moisture Data
Authors: Liu Lingxue , Ao Tianqi , Zhou Li
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The initial conditions (e.g., soil moisture content) of the hydrological model, which is usually obtained from the warm-up of the hydrological modeling, significantly impact the simulation efficiency. However, spending the valuable data in warm-up instead of calibration and validation is luxurious. In order to improve hydrological simulation efficiency in the case of no warm-up phase, this paper proposes a methodology to fill the gap via improving the initial conditions of the hydrological model using an alternative global soil moisture dataset. Specifically, three soil moisture (SM) variables of the initial conditions from the Block-wise use of the TOPMODEL (BTOP) model and ERA5-Land reanalysis data were adopted and conducted correlation analysis. Several traditional curve-fitting functions and the state-of-art technical, long-short term memory (LSTM), were applied to develop the relationship between BTOP and ERA5-Land SM variables in the Fuji and Shinano River Basin, Japan. Furthermore, four configured hydrological simulations evaluated the benefits of the proposed methodology for improving the initial conditions. As a result, LSTM outperforms the traditional curve-fitting method in constructing the relationship between variables in time and space. Moreover, the hydrological simulation cases using the initial conditions related to the SM from the ERA5-land performs better than the case without the warm-up phase, and the simulated discharge process approaches the "optimal" case with the warm-up phase. It is confirmed that the proposed methodology helps improve the initial conditions of the hydrological model using reanalysis soil moisture data.
Modelling the growth of atmospheric nitrous oxide using a global hierarchical inversion
Authors: Stell Angharad C. , Bertolacci Michael , Zammit-Mangion Andrew , Rigby Matthew , Fraser Paul J. , Harth Christina M. , Krummel Paul B. , Lan Xin , Manizza Manfredi , Mühle Jens , O'Doherty Simon , Prinn Ronald G. , Weiss Ray F. , Young Dickon , Ganesan Anita L.
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Nitrous oxide is a potent greenhouse gas and ozone depleting substance, whose atmospheric abundance has risen throughout the contemporary record. In this work, we carry out the first global hierarchical Bayesian inversion to solve for nitrous oxide emissions, which includes prior emissions with non-Gaussian distributions and model errors, in order to examine the drivers of the atmospheric surface growth rate. We show that both meteorology and emissions are key drivers of variations in the surface nitrous oxide growth rate between 2011 and 2020. We derive increasing global nitrous oxide emissions, which are mainly driven by emissions between 0° and 30° N, with the highest emissions recorded in 2020. Our mean global total emissions for 2011–2020 of 17.2 (16.7–17.7 at the 95 % credible intervals) TgN yr-1, comprising of 12.0 (11.2–12.8) TgN yr-1 from land and 5.2 (4.5–5.9) TgN yr-1 from ocean, agrees well with previous studies, but we find that emissions are poorly constrained for some regions of the world, particularly for the oceans. The prior emissions used in this and other previous work exhibit a seasonal cycle in the Northern Hemisphere extra-tropics that is out of phase with the posterior solution, and there is a substantial zonal redistribution of emissions from the prior to the posterior. Correctly characterising the uncertainties in the system, for example in the prior emission fields, is crucial to be able to derive posterior fluxes that are consistent with observations. In this hierarchical inversion, the model-measurement discrepancy and the prior flux uncertainty are informed by the data, rather than solely through expert judgment. We show cases where this framework provides different plausible adjustments to the prior fluxes compared to inversions using widely adopted, fixed uncertainty constraints.
The evolution and dynamics of the Hunga Tonga plume in the stratosphere
Authors: Legras Bernard , Duchamp Clair , Sellitto Pasquale , Podglajen Aurélien , Carboni Elisa , Siddans Richard , Grooß Jens-Uwe , Khaykin Sergey , Ploeger Felix
Published: July 2022

Abstract. We use a combination of space-borne instruments (CALIOP, OMPS-LP, IASI, MLS, ALADIN, GEOs) to study the unprecedented stratospheric plume after the Hunga Tonga eruption of 15 January 2022. The plume was formed of two initial clouds at 30 and 28 km mostly composed of sub-micronic sulphate particles without ashes, washed-out within the first hours. The large amount of water vapour injected led to a fast conversion of SO2 to sulphates and the fast descent of the plume over the first three weeks. While SO2 returned to background levels by the end of January, the sulphate plume persisted until June, mainly confined between 20° N and 35° S due to the zonal symmetry of the summer stratospheric circulation at 24–25 km. As they grew through hydration and coagulation, the sedimenting sulphate particles separated from the ascending moisture entrained in the Brewer-Dobson circulation. IASI-derived sulphate aerosol optical depths show that the aerosol plume was not simply diluted and dispersed passively but rather organized in concentrated patches. ALADIN-AEOLUS winds suggest that those structures, generated by shear-induced instabilities, are associated with vorticity anomalies. They likely enhance the duration and impacts of the plume.
High-resolution physicochemical dataset of atmospheric aerosols over the Tibetan Plateau and its surroundings
Authors: Zhang Xinghua , Zhao Wenhui , Zhai Lixiang , Zhong Miao , Shi Jinsen , Sun Junying , Liu Yanmei , Xie Conghui , Tan Yulong , Li Kemei , Ge Xinlei , Zhang Qi , Kang Shichang , Xu Jianzhong
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Atmospheric aerosol in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surroundings has received widely scientific concern in recent decades owing to its significant impacts on regional climatic and cryospheric changes, ecological and environmental securities, and hydrological cycle. However, our understanding on the atmospheric aerosol in this remote region is highly limited by the scarcely available dataset. A comprehensive project was carried out since 2015 to investigate the properties and sources of atmospheric aerosols as well as their regional differences in the vast TP regions by performing multiple short-term intensive field observations using a suite of high-resolution online instruments. This paper presents a systematic dataset of the high-time-resolution (hourly scales) aerosol physicochemical and optical properties at seven different sites over the TP and its surroundings from the observation project, including the size-resolved chemical compositions of submicron aerosols, the standard high-resolution mass spectra and sources of organic aerosols, size distributions of particle number concentrations, particle light absorption and scattering coefficients, particle light absorptions from black carbon and brown carbon, number concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei, and concentrations of gaseous pollutants. The datset get the insights into the regional differences of aerosol sources and properties in the vast TP regions and are also useful for the simulation of aerosol radiative forcing and the evaluation of interactions among different components of the Earth system in numerical models. The released datasets are presented in the form of Excel file and available to download from the National Cryosphere Desert Data Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences (https://doi.org/10.12072/ncdc.NIEER.db2200.2022; Xu, 2022).
Quantifying unequal urban resilience to rains across China from location-aware big data
Authors: Qian Jiale , Du Yunyan , Yi Jiawei , Liang Fuyuan , Wang Nan , Ma Ting , Pei Tao
Published: July 2022

Abstract. The disaster-relevant authorities could make an uninformed decision due to the lack of a clear picture of the urban resilience to adverse natural events. Previous studies seldom examine the near-real-time human dynamics, which are critical to disaster emergency response and mitigation, in response to the development and evolution of a natural hazard. In this study, we used the aggregated Tencent location request data (TLR) to examine the variations in collective human activities in response to rains in 346 cities in China. Then we report a comprehensive study of the urban resilience to rains across the mainland China. Our results show that, on average, a 1-mm increase in rainfall intensity is associated with a 0.49 % increase of the human activity anomalies. In the cities of northwestern and southeastern China, human activity anomalies are affected more by rainfall intensity and rainfall duration, respectively. Our results highlight the unequal urban resilience to rains across China, showing current heavy rain warning standards underestimate the impacts of heavy rains on the residents in the northwest arid region and the central underdeveloped areas, and overestimate the impacts on the residents in the southeastern coastal area. An overhaul of current heavy rain alert standards therefore is needed to better serve the residents in our study area.
Slowdown of Shirase Glacier caused by strengthening alongshore winds
Authors: Miles Bertie W. J. , Stokes Chris R. , Jenkins Adrian , Jordan Jim R. , Jamieson Stewart S. R. , Gudmundsson G. Hilmar
Published: July 2022

Abstract. Observations have confirmed basal melt rates of up to 16 m a-1 underneath the Shirase ice tongue in East Antarctica. These high basal melt rates are caused by intrusions of warm modified Circumpolar Deep Water (mCDW) onto the continental shelf, a mechanism responsible for widespread mass loss in West Antarctica, together with parts of Wilkes Land. In contrast to those regions, the catchment of Shirase Glacier has been gaining mass, a trend attributed to increased precipitation. Here, we report on the dynamical ocean-driven slowdown, thickening and grounding line advance of Shirase Glacier, in response to strengthening easterly winds that reduce mCDW inflow and decrease basal melt rates. Our findings are significant because they demonstrate that warm water regimes are not universally associated with glacier acceleration and mass loss in Antarctica, and they highlight the overlooked role of ocean forcing in the recent mass gain of the Dronning Maud Land sector.
Keanekaragaman Jenis Tumbuhan Bawah pada Tegakan Karet
Authors: Djatmiko Rudi
Published: July 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan bawah yang ada di bawah tegakan karet. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di PT. Inhutani I Batuampar Balikpapan selama sekitar empat bulan mulai dari Nopember 2021 hingga Februari 2022.  Pengambilan data di lapangan dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik sampling sistematik. Dalam pelaksanaan teknik sampling ini dilakukan dengan pembuatan petak-petak contoh/plot. Petak-petak contoh inI dibuat dengan memperhatikan kondisi keseluruhan populasi tempat penelitian sehingga peletakan dari petak-petak contoh yang dibuat harus tersebar pada seluruh areal penelitian. Hasil penelitian menemukan 16 jenis tanaman bawah yang termasuk ke dalam 12 famili. 16 jenis tanaman tersebut adalah Asytasia intrusa, Alocasia longiloba, Eupatorium odoratum L., Scleria puspurascons BENTH., Cyperus kyllingia,  Mimosa pudica L., Imperata cylindrical (L.) BEAUV.,  Clidemia hirta (L.) D. DON., Melastoma malabatricum,  Nephrolepis falcata (CAV.) C.CHR.,  Echinocloa colonum (L.) LINK., Centotheca lappacea (L.) DESV., Eleusine indica, Solanum toruum SWARTZ., Stachytarphcta gamaicensis, Costus specious. Sedangkan  12 famili adalah Acanthaceae, Araceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Fabaceae,  Gramincae, Melastomataceae, Oleandraceae, Poaceae,   Solanaceae, Verbenaceae, Zingiberaceae.
Pengaruh Aplikasi Bioherbisida Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides) pada Gulma Rumput Setawar (Borreria alata)
Authors: Achmad Dwi Isyana , Yama Danie Indra , Nainggolan Maniur
Published: July 2022

Babadotan (Ageratum conyzoides) adalah salah satu jenis gulma daun lebar yang banyak tumbuh dan tersebar di lahan perkebunan. Pada penelitian ini, babadotan digunakan sebagai bahan utama pembuatan bioherbisida yang akan diujicobakan untuk menekan pertumbuhan gulma rumput setawar (Borreria alata). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bioherbisida, gejala keracunan, dan konsentrasi terbaik dalam menekan pertumbuhan gulma daun lebar Borreria alata. Penelitian ini menggunakan 1 (satu) perlakuan dengan 5 taraf konsentrasi yaitu 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, dan 25%. Masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak 4 kali. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa konsentrasi bioherbisida berbahan ekstrak n-Heksane babadotan yang paling efektif untuk menekan pertumbuhan gulma Borreria alata ialah konsentrasi 15%.
Tanaman Berbunga Penghasil Pollen Sebagai Sumber Pakan Lebah
Authors: Naibaho Netty Maria
Published: July 2022

Aroma bunga merupakan komponen penting dari repertoar sifat tanaman berbunga, yang digunakan untuk menarik perhatian lebah.  Tujuan ulasan ini untuk menguraikan keadaan pengetahuan tentang pentingnya serbuk sari tanaman sebagai sumber pakan lebah dan pentingnya aroma bunga terkait aspek ekologi kimia pada perilaku lebah dalam mencari sumber pakan dalam mengumpulkan serbuk sari pada sarangnya. Komponen senyawa aktif yang terdapat dalam tanaman berbunga menunjukkan sifat daya tarik lebah terhadap bunga tersebut. Semakin tinggi nilai aromatiknya, maka semakin banyak lebah yang hinggap. Sehingga perlunya studi lanjut tentang sejauh mana aroma nektar dan serbuk sari secara langsung mempengaruhi komunikasi lebah di dalam sarang, dan perlu kajian pentingnya karakteristik nonvolatil dari nektar atau serbuk sari.
INTRODUCING HIGH SCHOOL STATISTICS TEACHERS TO PREDICTIVE MODELLING BY EXPLORING DYNAMIC MOVIE RATINGS DATA: A FOCUS ON TASK DESIGN
Authors: FERGUSSON ANNA , PFANNKUCH MAXINE
Published: July 2022

With the advent of data science, recommendations for teaching statistical modelling include adopting a greater focus on prediction. However, there has been minimal research about the design of tasks for teaching predictive modelling from a data science. Therefore, a design-based research approach was used to develop a new web-based task that explored: accessing and using dynamic movie ratings data from an API; developing a model to generate prediction intervals; and modifying and running provided R code in the browser. The task was implemented within a face-to-face teaching experiment involving six high school statistics teachers. Analysis of the teacher responses to the task identified four key task design features that appeared to stimulate development of statistical and computational ideas related to predictive modelling and APIs.
Dimension variability of the M2 human molar teeth: comparisons between prehistoric and medieval samples
Authors: Petraru Ozana-Maria , Groza Vasilica-Monica , Bejenaru Luminita , Popovici Mariana
Published: July 2022

Teeth are a valuable source of information for studies regarding past human populations in archaeological and forensic contexts. In dental anthropology, the linear measurements of tooth crowns are used for assessing morphological variability and sexual dimorphism in both modern and past human populations. The aim of this research is to evaluate the M2 molar crown variability in archaeological human populations from Prehistory (Chalcolithic and Bronze Age, ~ 5000-1150 BCE) and Middle Ages (13th-17th centuries) discovered in sites from North-Eastern Romania. The objectives of this study emphasize on the diachronic comparison of the M2 molar crown variables between prehistoric and medieval samples (1), and the assessment of sexual dimorphism expression (2). The two crown measurements, mesio-distal (MD) and bucco-lingual (BL) diameters, were performed using ImageJ software on occlusal digital images acquired stereo-microscopically. The crown index (CI), crown area (CA) and the sexual dimorphism index (SDI), along with the two linear measurements, were subjected to univariate and multivariate statistical analysis. Our results show that the variation coefficient (CV) differs for the MD variable in the female upper M2 molars, being higher in the medieval sample than the prehistoric one; also, a higher variability is remarked for the mandibular molar in the medieval sample than in prehistoric one. In females, the MD and CA variables for mandibular M2 molars and the BL and CA for maxillary molars showed significant statistical differences between the medieval and prehistoric mandibular teeth, with higher values for the exemplar from Middle Ages. Similar result was obtained in males, for the CA variable in the upper M2 molars. In our study, the sexual dimorphism manifested at the M2 crown molar was highlighted in the prehistoric sample, though less in the medieval one.
Uso de TIC y TAC en la educación superior:
Authors: Gómez Contreras Jennifer Lorena , Bonilla Torres Cristian Alberto , Esteban Ojeda Yuri Catherine
Published: July 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN. El artículo analiza la producción científica sobre el uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) y las Tecnologías del aprendizaje y el conocimiento (TAC) para mejorar la innovación pedagógica y/o los procesos de enseñanza/aprendizaje en la educación superior a distancia y/o virtual. MÉTODO. se realizó una búsqueda sistemática de información en siete bases de datos académicas. Los datos fueron analizados en torno a 11 indicadores bibliométricos. RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN: Se evidencia una preponderancia por el concepto TIC en torno al uso de herramientas como MOOC, redes sociales, ambientes virtuales de aprendizaje, al igual que en tendencias pedagógicas como el E-learning y B-learning, el aprendizaje colaborativo, y las competencias digitales, siendo las TAC un concepto incipiente en las investigaciones. También se identificó que los autores prefieren los artículos de investigación para presentar los resultados de sus investigaciones, España es uno de los países con mayor número de publicaciones mientras países latinoamericanos como Colombia y Argentina presentan un crecimiento en el número de publicaciones sobre esta temática, el idioma inglés es predominante en las publicaciones analizadas, las universidades que cuentan con modalidad a distancia son quienes están publicando en su mayoría sobre este tema, y los autores con mayor producción se clasifican como medianos productores según la Ley de Lotka.
Las Matemáticas pueden ser divertidas. Un caso práctico mediante Aprendizaje-Servicio en la Universidad
Authors: Gómezescobar Ariadna , Simón-Medina Natalia
Published: July 2022

Introducción. El Aprendizaje-Servicio es una metodología que consigue contextualizar los aprendizajes teóricos poniéndolos en práctica ofreciendo un servicio. En este proyecto, alumnado del Grado de Maestro en Educación Primaria imparte a niños y niñas de un club de baloncesto un aula-taller denominado “Mates divertidas”. En este espacio se ofrecen micro-aprendizajes de manera lúdica. Método. Se siguen las cinco fases de proyectos ApS: (1) punto de partida, la ansiedad matemática experimentada por el alumnado; (2) motivar al grupo, intervienen 4 alumnas universitarias y 13 niños y niñas; (3) planificación, se diseñan y adaptan las sesiones; (4) realización; y (5) evaluación, celebración y mejora, se utilizan cuestionarios para evaluar tanto la parte del aprendizaje, como la del servicio, esto último a menudo no se lleva a cabo en proyectos de este corte. Resultados. Se obtienen altas puntuaciones en las valoraciones de los ítems tanto del aprendizaje como del servicio. Discusión. Los buenos resultados del aprendizaje se reflejan, entre otros, en que estas alumnas de grado consideran que haber desarrollado esta experiencia les ha ayudado a relacionar lo aprendido en clases magistrales con situaciones escolares reales y a reafirmarse con la elección de su profesión. El hecho de tratarse de una actividad voluntaria para el alumnado de grado ha propiciado altos valores de motivación, dedicación, asistencia, puntualidad, esfuerzo, autocrítica, satisfacción, valoración del aprendizaje y crecimiento personal, entre otros. Asimismo, en este trabajo se valora la opinión del alumnado de Educación Primaria, el cual deja patente su satisfacción por la experiencia y haber aprendido Matemáticas jugando.
¿Qué hacen los estudiantes de Educación Primaria españoles fuera del horario académico? Actividades extraescolares
Authors: Franco Hidalgo-Chacon Juan Pedro , Rodríguez-Arteche Iñigo , Martínez-Aznar Mª Mercedes
Published: July 2022

Las actividades extraescolares se engloban dentro de la educación no formal. Diversos autores destacan su impacto positivo en el desarrollo de las competencias interpersonales, el pensamiento crítico y la madurez de los escolares. En 2007, cerca del 92.0% del alumnado de Educación Primaria participaba en alguna actividad extraescolar. En este trabajo se presenta: una revisión sistemática de los artículos publicados entre 2000 y 2020 sobre las actividades extraescolares realizadas en España, y un estudio para profundizar en la naturaleza de las mismas, desarrollado con una encuesta referida al curso 2018/2019 y analizada siguiendo técnicas de estadística descriptiva e inferencial. De la revisión sistemática cabe destacar que más del 62.0% del alumnado viene participando en actividades extraescolares, preferentemente de carácter recreativo. En cuanto a la encuesta, no se aprecian preferencias marcadas entre las actividades cognitivas y las recreativas (50.2% vs. 49.8%). Entre las últimas, los niños participan 1.9 veces más que las niñas en las deportivas (Fútbol, Baloncesto, Tenis, etc.), mientras que las niñas realizan 7.6 veces más las relacionadas con las artes escénicas (Danza, Ballet, Flamenco, etc.). Un 76.7% de los escolares dedican de 2 a 4 días a la semana a estas actividades y el 26.7% las desarrollan en su propio colegio. Por otra parte, el 45.0% de sus tutores declaran un gasto mensual por escolar de 70€ o más para estas actividades. Se observa un cambio de tendencia hacia las actividades extraescolares cognitivas, con la aparición de nuevas como la Robótica, la Programación y las Científicas. La elección la realizan los propios escolares, manteniendo el sesgo de género en la decisión. Por último, su elevado coste, podría suponer un elemento más de exclusión social en las familias con menos recursos y no contribuir a la conciliación familiar y laboral.
Los conflictos bélicos y la formación en valores de ciudadanía democrática en las aulas. Estudio comparativo entre España y Francia
Authors: Jaén Milla Santiago
Published: July 2022

Los conflictos armados que se desarrollaron en el siglo XX supusieron un punto de inflexión en la historia de la Humanidad. La Guerra Total aportó novedades respecto a tácticas, estrategias y armamento militar, pero también alumbró un poder de destrucción no conocido hasta el momento. Quizá por eso, esos conflictos siguen suscitando horror y fascinación a partes iguales, más de un siglo después. Este artículo aborda un estudio comparativo sobre la enseñanza de los conflictos bélicos en las aulas de dos países vecinos, España y Francia, y en concreto analiza la colaboración entre la educación formal y no formal como herramienta para generar conocimiento sobre los conflictos armados. Las visitas didácticas a museos, centros de interpretación y vestigios bélicos fomentan la reflexión y el pensamiento crítico, incentivan la curiosidad y la creatividad, y permiten trabajar la empatía. Y todo ello, contribuye a la formación en valores de ciudadanía democrática fundamentales, como el respeto a los derechos humanos y la resolución pacífica de los conflictos. Una ciudadanía crítica, informada y preparada es la mejor baza para frenar cualquier intento de revertir los derechos y libertades que rigen nuestras sociedades democráticas.   El texto está articulado en torno a varias ideas: la necesidad de tratar y pensar la guerra en las aulas, la comunicación y contacto entre la enseñanza formal y no formal (aprendizaje vivencial) y políticas públicas para la creación y protección de espacios de memoria. En él, Francia se ejemplifica como modelo a seguir si pretendemos superar las cicatrices de la Guerra Civil Española, el conflicto bélico que marcó nuestro pasado reciente, que sigue muy presente en nuestra vida, incluso en la agenda política, y cuyo conocimiento debería guiar nuestro futuro, siempre desde el rechazo a las guerras y a la naturalización de la violencia.
全球价值链下实际汇率与贸易多元化之间的联系
Authors: 曾 晶蓥
Published: July 2022

贸易市场集中有利于伙伴关系稳定与价格优势，但贸易过于依靠几大市场容易形成垄断，造成其对市场和价格的控制，甚至附加不合理的要求。实施多元化的市场战略有助于在国际贸易中争取有利的贸易条件，保证在国际交换和竞争中处于积极主动的地位。本文以1995年-2020年东盟国家的相关贸易数据，分析在全球价值链下东盟十国的贸易集中与分散状况，将之与实际汇率（RER）联系以检验其因果关系同时通过外国直接投资FDI（全球价值链参与的关键工具）和GDP作为控制变量，研究其如何与真实汇率一起影响进出口集中指数与分散指数,以及其如何与进出口集中指数与分散指数一起影响真实汇率。本文通过建立VAR模型，采用协整检验和格兰杰因果关系检验，并通过脉冲响应分析研究变量间的相互作用。结果表明：在东盟十国中，实际汇率在部份国家对进出口集中与分散指数产生影响，进出口集中与分散指数也在部份国家对实际汇率产生影响，此种影响皆为单向而非双向，因此需要仔细地重新评估汇率在促进出口和在宏观经济调整过程中的作用。
重大事件冲击下对家得宝和美国劳氏公司的关系分析
Authors: 陈 佳怡
Published: July 2022

家得宝和美国劳氏公司是全球最大的两家家居建材零售企业。为了分析二者在重大事件冲击下是处于竞争关系还是处于相同的困境，本文将基于两家公司1996~2021年的收入和利润数据，利用明显的结构断点并结合事件研究法，对明显结构断点所处时间节点上对应发生的重大事件进行实证研究，通过比较在同一重大事件冲击下两家公司的收入、利润的变化状况，从而判断两家公司之间的关系。研究结果表明，重大事件的种类较多，存在重大事件的外部冲击会影响整个家居建材零售行业的发展，从而使两家公司的经营都受到负面影响，处于相同的困境;存在对两家公司共同造成内部影响的重大事件，促使双方积极调整内部业务，处于竞争关系；存在只影响个别公司的事件，对另一家公司并无直接影响；存在的确发生的重大事件但对公司的营收基本不产生影响。
Восприятие медицинских сестер работниками здравоохранения: социологический взгляд на дискурс об автономии
Authors: Богдан Игнат Викторович , Природова Ольга Федоровна , Фомина Ольга Алексеевна , Чистякова Дарья Павловна
Published: July 2022

Инициативы по повышению профессиональной автономии персонала, передаче им дополнительных функций могут ингибироваться инертным восприятием коллегами медицинских сестер как имеющих сугубо подчиненное положение в иерархии медицинского труда. Проблематика образа сестринского персонала (в том числе восприятия сестер как исключительно помощников врачей) в отечественной научной литературе практически не представлена, в противовес зарубежной.  Данная работа посвящена исследованию образа специалиста профессии «сестринское дело» среди коллег с акцентом на проблематике автономии медицинских сестер. Эмпирической базой выступило исследование 2021 года, в рамках которого было опрошено 14 176 российских работников здравоохранения. Использованы методы количественного анализа, контент-анализа ассоциаций респондентов, а также методы data science. Исследование показало положительное восприятие сестринского персонала в целом (72 % положительных ассоциаций). В образе специалиста преобладают личные качества (47 % ассоциаций) в ущерб профессиональным (24 %), что может приводить к недооценке вклада медсестер в рабочий процесс. В целом широко распространены установки на то, что медсестра – это помощник врача. Исследование показало, что менее автономное восприятие медицинских сестер связано с более негативным образом профессии в целом.  Полученные результаты свидетельствуют о том, что законодательное расширение функций должно сопровождаться работой с восприятием медицинских сестер внутри сообщества работников здравоохранения.
Административное судопроизводство как юрисдикционный процесс: общетеоретический подход
Authors: Беляев Валерий Петрович , Нинцева Тамила Магомедовна
Published: July 2022

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью совершенствования всех разновидностей юридического процесса и его процессуальной формы, принятием нового процессуального законодательства, включая и КАС РФ, а также потребностями правопримененительной (судебной) практики. Цель исследования: опираясь на устоявшиеся в общеправовой теории точки зрения, с учетом достижений административно-процессуальной науки представить авторское видение сущности административно-юрисдикционного процесса. Его суть заключается в следующей формуле: административно-юрисдикционный процесс – это судопроизводство по отдельным видам (категориям) административных дел, получившее свое закрепление в КАС РФ; административно-процедурный процесс – это рассмотрение и разрешение дел об административных правонарушениях в соответствующей процедуре (Раздел IV, а также раздел III КоАП РФ). В общем и целом – как тот, так и другой – это юридические процессы, и они составляют единый административный процесс, пока подразделенный на две части, но имеющий перспективу их окончательного слияния под одним (общим) названием – административный процесс.
Историко-правовой анализ функционирования института суда присяжных в России
Authors: Коцюмбас Михаил Сергеевич
Published: July 2022

На основе сравнительного анализа современного и дореволюционного российского законодательства, регламентирующего судопроизводство с участием присяжных заседателей, рассмотрены вопросы общественно-исторического потенциала и преемственности данной модели суда в рамках отечественного правового поля. Автором раскрыты основания возникновения института, пути его становления и факторы, тормозящие полноценную реализацию; осуществлено исследование эффективности уголовно-правовых преобразований путем сопоставления качественных и количественных показателей судебных решений, выносимых судом с участием присяжных заседателей на разных этапах исторического процесса. Сделан вывод о современном статусе суда присяжных, не выступающем центральным звеном судебной системы в отличие от статуса суда присяжных в дореволюционной России, но сохранившем и упрочившим свой общественно-исторический потенциал и позиции.
Об объективации социальных притязаний в праве (на примере ограничения дееспособности гражданина)
Authors: Смирнова Марина Геннадьевна
Published: July 2022

Социальные притязания выступают социальной основой права. Ведущей формой объективации социальных притязаний в праве является нормативный правовой акт. Если нормы права отстают или неполно регулируют отношения, возникающие в обществе, появляются социальные притязания на закрепление соответствующих прав. В противном случае законодательство будет невостребованным и неэффективным. Автором поставлена цель проанализировать процесс объективации социальных притязаний для определения способов повышения эффективности законодательства, регламентирующего институт ограничения дееспособности гражданина. Исследование начинается с изучения процесса объективации социальных притязаний, способов выявления и форм их закрепления в праве. Процесс объективации социальных притязаний автор демонстрирует на примере норм, регулирующих отношения в области ограничения дееспособности гражданина. Полагаем, что возникла потребность их усовершенствования, путем внесения соответствующих дополнений и изменений в нормы гражданского и особенно гражданского-процессуального законодательства, а также в Закон РФ от 02.07.1992 № 3185-1 «О психиатрической помощи и гарантиях прав граждан при ее оказании». Выявлены проблемы отсутствия официально закрепленного понятия «психическое здоровье», а также четких оснований для ограничения дееспособности гражданина, связанных с его психическим здоровьем. Показано, что назрела необходимость в разграничении оснований для признания гражданина полностью недееспособным и ограниченно дееспособным. Сделан вывод: социальные притязания направлены на устранение пробелов и коллизий в праве, на повышение уровня качества законодательства. Объективация социальных притязаний в праве способствует полноте и эффективности правового регулирования в целом.
FINANCIAL DISTRESS SEBAGAI DETERMINAN, PEMEDIASI DAN PEMODERASI DARI PRAKTIK MANAJEMEN LABA
Authors: Chrisantha Felicia , Suhartono Sugi
Published: July 2022

Financial distress is a situation where the company's finances are in an unhealthy or crisis state. Based on agency theory, in a state of financial distress the principal and agent have two different interests in the company in which each party seeks to achieve and maintain the expected level of prosperity. Previous research stated that in a state of financial distress, companies do not always implement earnings management to overcome them. This study aims to determine financial distress as determinant, mediating, and moderating earnings management. The conclusion of this study is that profitability affects financial distress and earnings management, financial distress is able to moderate the negative interaction of firm size on earnings management. However, there is not enough evidence of financial distress as a determination and mediation of earnings management, firm size on financial distress and earnings management, and profitability moderated by financial distress on earnings management.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Agricultural Studies, Vol. 10, No. 2
Authors: Williams Richard
Published: July 2022

Journal of Agricultural Studies (JAS) would like to acknowledge the following reviewers for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Many authors, regardless of whether JAS publishes their work, appreciate the helpful feedback provided by the reviewers. Their comments and suggestions were of great help to the authors in improving the quality of their papers. Each of the reviewers listed below returned at least one review for this issue.Reviewers for Volume 10, Number 2 Alessandra M. Lima Naoe, Federal University of Tocantins, BrazilAlexandru Ioan Apahidean, Univ. of Agricultural Sci.&Veterinary Medicine, RomaniaAnca-Luiza Stanila, ICPA, RomaniaAndré Luiz Rodrigues Magalhães, UFAPE, BrazilAngel Ramon Sanchez Delgado, Universidade federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro, BrazilArnaud Z. Dragicevic, IRSTEA, FranceBenard Kiplangat Rop, University of Nairobi, KenyaDarwin Pangaribuan, University of Lampung, IndonesiaEben von Well, Agricultural Research Council, South AfricaEric Owusu Danquah, CSIR-Crops Research Institute, GhanaHedayatollah K. Soureshjani, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, IranNkemkanma Vivian Agi, Rivers State University Port Harcourt, NigeriaRadu Liviu Sumalan, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary, RomaniaRaul Pașcalău, Banat's University, RomaniaSybelle Mesquita Silva, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Brazil  Richard WilliamsEditorial AssistantJournal of Agricultural Studies--------------------------------------Macrothink Institute5348 Vegas Dr.#825Las Vegas, Nevada 89108United StatesPhone: 1-702-953-1852 ext.521Email 1: jas@macrothink.orgEmail 2: jas@macrothink.comURL: http://jas.macrothink.org
Frequency and Type of Ovarian Tumors in Gynecological Women presenting to DHQ Teaching Hospital Gujranwala
Authors: Iqbal Saima , Waqar Anam , Ashraf Faisal , Inam Iram
Published: July 2022

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) average lifetime risk is 1 in 70(1.4%).Ovarian cancer is diagnosed in 7300 women every year in UK and 239,000 women world wide.There are variations in incidence with ethnicity, white women have the highest incidence approximately14/100,000 where as Asian women have a lower incidence at 10/100,000. Aim: To find the frequency and different types of ovarian carcinomas in women presenting with pain lower abdomen. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, DHQ Hospital Gujranwala from1st May 2020 to 31st October 2020.A total of 282 women presenting with pain lower abdomen were included.All women underwent ultrasonography and ovarian tumors were noted as per operational definition. Patients with ovarian tumor underwent laparotomy, the specimen of tumors were collected with excision biopsies and sent for histopathological analysis. Results: The mean age of cases was 33.808±7.70 years, and the mean duration of complaint was 4.322±1.46 weeks and mean weight was 69.560±13.00 kg. Majority of the patients (82.3%) belonged to 20-40 years age groups. Ovarian Tumor was seen in 65(23%) patients. Among 65 patients with ovarian tumor, 72.3% were benign, 3.1% borderline and 24.6% were malignant. Conclusion: It was concluded that ovarian tumors were common between the 20 and 40 years of age. The frequency of Malignant neoplastic lesions was higher than the benign neoplastic lesions. Keywords: Women, Pain lower abdomen, Ovarian tumors
A Case Report of Male infertility and Gynecomastia in High Altitude Area: Clinical Evaluation and Management
Authors: Burni Syed Intesar , Rizvi Sameera Ali , Khalil Fareena , Asad Mehwish , Ali Tazeen Saeed
Published: July 2022

Gynecomastia is a common abnormality of breast tissue among men. It is the benign enlargement of male breast glandular tissue. In this report a narrative approach was followed for the qualitative inquiry of three men from the high altitude areas of Pakistan. They presented with gynecomastia and infertility. These men were approached for clinical examination, lab investigations, and further management. The semen findings of these patients showed oligospermia, azoospermia or necrospermia. Serum Prolactin was found to be high and they were overweight with increased breast development. The Serum Prolactin, FSH, LH levels, and Testosterone levels were measured in these patients with infertility. The laboratory investigations of our patients showed high prolactin and estrogen levels. All these men were reported stress due to erectile dysfunction and infertility. The reasons of male infertility in the high-altitude areas of Pakistan need to be explored further. Keywords: Male infertility, gynecomastia, high altitude
TRANSFORMĂRI DETERMINATE DE EMERGENŢA TEHNOLOGIEI ÎN SPAŢIUL COSMIC
Authors: GIMIGA Silviu-Iulian
Published: July 2022

Descoperirea necunoscutelor spațiului cosmic a devenit un obiectiv din ce în ce mai important în lumea noastră, datorită beneficiilor pe care le avem în viața de zi cu zi atât prin informațiile transmise de tehnologia lansată în spațiu, cât și prin curiozitatea omului de a cuceri noi teritorii, de a căuta soluții pentru o viață alternativă. Marile puteri ale lumii caută soluții de dezvoltare a tehnologiilor spațiale atât pentru creșterea puterii economice, cât și pentru asigurarea supremației militare. Aceasta poate conduce la dezvoltarea tehnologiei moderne, la asigurarea unui volum uriaș de date și informații, a conexiunilor rapide, complexe și utile în toate domeniile de activitate militare și civile.