bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GMDNet: Fusion Network Based on Global Multi-Scale Detailed Information
Authors: Zhang Zhiguo , Sun Wei , Sun Changhao , He Ruofei
Published: February 2025

Single-stage object detection networks are widely applied in various scenarios due to their high precision and speed. These networks typically consist of three parts structurally: backbone, neck, and head. Among these, multi-scale feature fusion in the neck is a crucial step to enhance detection effectiveness in object detection. Multi-scale feature fusion typically involves combining features from different layers through addition or concatenation. However, such methods often focus solely on the shared functionality of neighboring scale features, neglecting detailed information from higher-level features, leading to significant information loss. To address these issues, this paper proposes a novel network called GMDNet, comprising two key modules: a Global Information Sharing Module (GISM) and a Detailed Information Extraction Module (DIEM). GISM addresses different scale features with high and low-level branches, aligning and merging information across layers using structural reparameterization and Transformer techniques to enhance global information flow among different hierarchical features. DIEM extracts detailed information using three-feature fusion mapping and further integrates multi-scale information with detailed features using channel and positional attention mechanisms, effectively reintegrating previously overlooked details. Experiments conducted on multiple public datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms state-of-the-art methods and achieves an ideal balance between speed and accuracy across all model scales.
Landcover Change Amidst Climate Change in the Lake Tana Basin (Ethiopia): Insights from 37 Years of Earth Observation on Landcover–Rainfall Interactions
Authors: Fofang Sullivan Tsay , Mukama Erasto Benedict , Adem Anwar Assefa , Dondeyne Stefaan
Published: February 2025

Land use/landcover (LULC) changes and climate variability impact soil erosion; however, their combined long-term effects are poorly studied. Using remote sensing data, this study investigates changes in LULC and rainfall from 1985 to 2022 and their implications for soil erosion in the Lake Tana Basin, Ethiopia. The Global Land Cover Fine Classification System (GLC_FCS30D) data were used to analyze LULC changes; Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS-v2) were used to assess rainfall trends; and the RUSLE was used to estimate potential soil erosion. The GLC_FCS30D proved to have an overall accuracy of 77.3% for 2005, 80.2% for 2014, and 80.3% for 2022. The cropland area increased slightly, from 32.9% to 33.3%, while tree cover initially decreased from 31.2% to 27.8% before recovering to 29.9%. Overall, annual rainfall increased by 2.92 mm yr−1, though it exhibited strong spatial variability, and rainfall erosivity rose by 1.25 MJ mm ha−1 h−1 yr−1. Despite seemingly modest changes in landcover and rainfall, the combined effect on potential soil erosion was substantial. Potential soil loss in the Lake Tana Basin showed significant spatial and temporal variation, with a slight increase of 0.9% from 1985 to 1995, followed by a slight decrease of 0.12% from 1995 to 2005, and a more substantial decrease of 2.3% from 2005 to 2015 before a notable increase of 8.2% occurred from 2015 to 2022. By elucidating the intricate interactions between landcover changes and rainfall variability, this study enhances our understanding of landscape dynamics in the Lake Tana Basin. The findings highlight the importance of considering the interaction between rainfall and landcover changes in climate change studies, as well as when targeting soil conservation efforts and promoting sustainable land management and ecosystem resilience in the tropics.
Design and Test of Adaptive Leveling System for Orchard Operation Platform
Authors: Guo Jianpeng , Lu Zemin , Cui Bingbo , Xie Yuanzhen
Published: February 2025

When the orchard operation platform is in use within the orchard, issues of tilting and overturning can arise due to uneven ground, necessitating instant leveling. In this study, the orchard operation platform is simplified into a four-point leveling mechanism, and an adaptive leveling system based on an inertial measurement unit (IMU) is designed. The relationship between coordinate transformation is utilized to derive the platform tilt angle and the position error relationship of the electric actuator, allowing for the analysis of the angle adjustment factors of the leveling mechanism. Through co-simulation using MATLAB and ADAMS, fuzzy control is implemented in addition to PID control, resulting in improved performance. A prototype model of the orchard operation platform is produced and tested, with the platform’s attitude angle remaining stable within a range of ±1.5°. The average leveling time is found to be within 3.6 s. The mean values of dynamic leveling inclination under PID and fuzzy PID control are 2.6° and 1.6°, respectively, with corresponding standard deviations of 1.4° and 0.8°. It conforms to the development trend of agricultural machinery electrification and intelligence and provides a reference basis for manufacturers.
Efficient Large-Scale Point Cloud Geometry Compression
Authors: Lu Shiyu , Han Cheng , Yang Huamin
Published: February 2025

Due to the significant bandwidth and memory requirements for transmitting and storing large-scale point clouds, considerable progress has been made in recent years in the field of large-scale point cloud geometry compression. However, challenges remain, including suboptimal compression performance and complex encoding–decoding processes. To address these issues, we propose an efficient large-scale scene point cloud geometry compression algorithm. By analyzing the sparsity of large-scale point clouds and the impact of scale on feature extraction, we design a cross-attention module in the encoder to enhance the extracted features by incorporating positional information. During decoding, we introduce an efficient generation module that improves decoding quality without increasing decoding time. Experiments on three public datasets demonstrate that, compared to the state-of-the-art G-PCC v23, our method achieves an average bitrate reduction of −46.64%, the fastest decoding time, and a minimal network model size of 2.8 M.
The Influence of Gender of Senior Researchers on Research Practice in Sports and Exercise Science and Medicine
Authors: Jankelowitz Dalya , Wright Kemi , Suzuki Emma , Maros Tea , Pandit Anurag , Wewege Michael A. , Jones Matthew D. , Clifford Briana , Engel Alexander , Hagstrom Amanda D.
Published: February 2025

There are gender-based differences in research practices in medicine, but these differences have not been examined in the broad fields of sports and exercise science and medicine. In this study, we determined whether senior author gender influences study design, study topic, and reporting practices in sports and exercise science and medicine. We analysed 509 articles published in the first issue of 2023 for all Quartile 1 sports science journals according to SCImago Scientific Journal Ranking (SJR). We extracted data on gender of senior author and authorship team; study design, topic, and cohort; and reporting practices. Men were senior authors on 411 articles (81%). Senior author gender was associated with study design (p < 0.001): men published more observational studies and opinion pieces than women, and women published more qualitative research than men. Senior author gender was not associated with study topic: physical activity (p = 0.412), exercise (p = 0.732), or sport (p = 0.123). Senior author gender was not associated with studies published with clinical populations (p = 0.609), but women published more studies with healthy populations than men (p = 0.006). There were no gender differences in reporting practices. Senior author gender may influence different aspects of research practice and design in sports and exercise science and medicine. However, underrepresentation of women senior authors limits our ability to draw gendered comparisons and firm conclusions.
Effects of Adding Facial Immersion to Chest-Level Water Immersion on Vagally-Mediated Heart Rate Variability
Authors: Baus Tina L. , Ackermann Stefan P. , Laborde Sylvain
Published: February 2025

Recent studies have shown that both facial immersion and head-out water immersion up to the chest (HOIC) positively influence cardiac vagal activity, as indexed non-invasively through vagally mediated heart rate variability (vmHRV). While facial immersion activates the diving reflex, HOIC induces effects via hydrostatic pressure, each engaging distinct physiological mechanisms. This study aims to investigate whether combining facial immersion with HOIC results in an additional increase in vmHRV. In total, the vmHRV [log10RMSSD] of 37 participants (14 females, Mage = 23.8; SDage = 4.4 years) was assessed under two conditions, with resting and recovery measurements taken before and after each condition. The first condition involved HOIC alone (M = 1.97, SD = 0.27), followed by HOIC combined with facial immersion (M = 1.87, SD = 0.29). HOIC alone significantly increased RMSSD compared to baseline (p < 0.001); however, no additional increase was observed when facial immersion was added (p = 0.436). This suggests that, while HOIC effectively increases vmHRV, the addition of facial immersion does not provide any further enhancement under the conditions tested. Potential methodological limitations, such as the absence of breath holding, variability in immersion depth, and the use of thermoneutral water temperatures, may have influenced the outcomes and warrant further investigation.
Sustainable Universities: A Bibliometric and Thematic Analysis in Higher Education
Authors: Veres Cristina , Tănase Maria , Bacos Ioan Bogdan , Kardos Mihaela
Published: February 2025

Sustainability in higher education has become a focal point of global discourse, reflecting the strategic role universities play in addressing environmental, social, and economic challenges. This study explores recent advancements in sustainable and green university practices through a comprehensive bibliometric and thematic analysis of Web of Science articles published between 2020 and 2024. While previous research often examines sustainability practices in isolation, a clear understanding of how digital technologies, institutional leadership, and stakeholder engagement interconnect to drive sustainability remains underdeveloped. This study addresses this gap by integrating bibliometric mapping with thematic analysis, providing a holistic view of the evolving landscape. Emerging themes include the role of digital technologies in enhancing operational efficiency and fostering inclusivity, as well as the increasing reliance on standardized metrics to measure progress. By bridging theoretical insights with actionable strategies, this research contributes to advancing sustainability in higher education, offering a roadmap for institutions to align their practices with global sustainability goals.
Determinants of Sustainability Maturity in Family Businesses
Authors: Werner-Lewandowska Karolina , Wiecek-Janka Ewa , Pawłowski Grzegorz
Published: February 2025

Background: Previous research on sustainability has shown that several growing problems—environmental ones related to the uneven implementation of climate protection requirements worldwide; economic ones related to the instability of markets; and finally social ones perceived through the uneven distribution of wealth in different parts of the world (globally) and regions related to political and economic instability—particularly affect family firms because of their need for intergenerational continuity. Methods: The aim of our study is to enrich research by defining the factors that determine the maturity level of family firms in terms of sustainability. Given the scarcity of a general sustainability maturity model for family firms, we propose a model that allows for the comprehensive assessment of a family firm’s sustainability maturity. Results: This study examined the sustainability maturity of family firms and identified its determinants in this sector. The results show that family firms often reach the first level of sustainability maturity, but the highest level remains unattainable for them. The determining factor for a high level of sustainability maturity is the number of employees, while the main inhibiting factor is market experience. The overall conclusion leads us to believe that a high level of sustainability maturity can be achieved by a family-owned company with a manufacturing profile, a large payroll, and 30 years of operational experience. Conclusions: The overall findings lead us to conclude that a high level of sustainability maturity can be achieved by a family-owned company with a manufacturing profile, a large payroll, and 30 years of operational experience in the global market, where long-term decisions are made by experts.
How Do Robot Applications Affect Corporate Sustainability?—An Analysis Based on Environmental, Social, and Governance Performance
Authors: Xie Yuefeng , Zhao Luman , Zhang Yabin , Wang Zhenguo
Published: February 2025

Can the application of robots promote corporate sustainability? This study constructs micro-data based on robot data provided by the IFR and annual reports of China’s A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2018. By employing a multidimensional fixed effects model for empirical analysis, we arrive at the following conclusions. Firstly, the implementation of robotic technologies substantially improves the environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance of corporations, which remains robust following a series of robustness tests (including the implementation of instrumental variables, the Heckman two-stage model, and placebo tests). Secondly, a decomposition effect analysis shows that robots positively influence the E, S, and G aspects of ESG; in addition, robotic applications primarily promote corporate ESG performance by promoting green technology innovation, boosting corporate goodwill, and enhancing internal control effectiveness. Thirdly, a heterogeneity analysis reveals that the positive effects of robotic applications on corporate ESG performance are predominantly observed in state-owned, large-scale, and technology-intensive enterprises. Additionally, the promoting effect is strongest in enterprises located in central regions, followed by the eastern regions, while the effect in the western regions is insignificant. Furthermore, the results of the quantile regression analysis reveal that robotics exerts a greater impact on firms with higher initial levels of ESG performance. These findings offer researchers a framework to identify and measure the effects of robots on corporate sustainability, thus enhancing the understanding of the relationship between robotics and corporate sustainability.
Enhancing Sustainable Development Through Digital Service Trade Liberalization: Analyzing the Effects and Mechanisms on Bilateral Imports
Authors: Xiang Xin , Zhao Jinlong
Published: February 2025

This study empirically examines the effects of digital services trade liberalization on digital services trade imports and its mediating mechanism through an augmented gravity model, utilizing data from 55 importing nations and 56 exporting countries from 2014 to 2020. Digital services trade liberalization substantially enhances digital services trade imports by reducing trade costs and aligning regulatory integration, and it exerts notable spillover effects on digital goods trade. Moreover, considering the variety of data service trade provisions, trade promotion provisions and privacy protection terms in digital RTAs exert much stronger positive effects on trade imports compared to data flow provisions. Regarding the heterogeneity of policy areas, liberalization initiatives, mainly removing performance and commercial presence criteria for digital services trade, exert the most substantial positive impact on imports of digital services. Furthermore, from the standpoint of industry heterogeneity, trade liberalization in digital services significantly enhances imports in insurance and pension services, intellectual property services, telecommunications, computer and information services, and personal, cultural, and recreational services. Finally, this article finds that a higher level of Internet development between the two parties correlates with a diminished trade promotion benefit of digital service trade liberalization.
Studying the Effects of Private Water Storage Tanks on Pump Scheduling Optimization and Leakage Control
Authors: Rizvi Syed Abbas Hussain , Rustum Rabee , Berardi Luigi , Wright Grant , Arthur Scott , Laucelli Daniele
Published: February 2025

The use of pumps in water distribution networks is very useful when there is a need for additional pressure head. However, the functioning of pumps can be influenced by the presence of private storage tanks in the network, which alters the way the users draw water due to their compensation ability. This condition is very common in areas affected by the historical scarcity of water resources or intermittent supply (Mediterranean Area, Arabian Peninsula, etc.). This paper studies the effects of private tanks on the performance of pumps in a network model, considering different retention times and evaluating possible effects on background leakages. A sample network and two real water distribution networks in the UAE will be analyzed. The results show that low retention time (i.e., 12 h) leads to a decrease in pump running time, thus lowering the energy consumption and carbon footprint, which gives a sustainable solution. These results, therefore, suggest that considering the presence of private storage tanks for the pump design in network models is of crucial economic importance, as well as for efficient designs and sustainable water distribution systems.
Optimizing Facilities Management Through Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twin Technology in Mega-Facilities
Authors: Abdelalim Ahmed Mohammed , Essawy Ahmed , Sherif Alaa , Salem Mohamed , Al-Adwani Manal , Abdullah Mohammad Sadeq
Published: February 2025

Mega-facility management has long been inefficient due to manual, reactive approaches. Current facility management systems face challenges such as fragmented data integration, limited predictive systems, use of traditional methods, and lack of knowledge of new technologies, such as Building Information Modeling and Artificial Intelligence. This study examines the transformative integration of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twin technologies into Building Information Modeling (BIM) frameworks using IoT sensors for real-time data collection and predictive analytics. Unlike previous research, this study uses case studies and simulation models for dynamic data integration and scenario-based analyses. Key findings show a significant reduction in maintenance costs (25%) and energy consumption (20%), as well as increased asset utilization and operational efficiency. With an F1-score of more than 90%, the system shows excellent predictive accuracy for equipment failures and energy forecasting. Practical applications in hospitals and airports demonstrate the developed ability of the platform to integrate the Internet of Things and Building Information Modeling technologies, shifting facilities management from being reactive to proactive. This paper presents a demo platform that integrates BIM with Digital Twins to improve the predictive maintenance of HVAC systems, equipment, security systems, etc., by recording data from different assets, which helps streamline asset management, enhance energy efficiency, and support decision-making for the buildings’ critical systems.
ST_AGCNT: Traffic Speed Forecasting Based on Spatial–Temporal Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network with Transformer
Authors: Cheng Rongjun , Liu Mengxia , Xu Yuanzi
Published: February 2025

Traffic speed prediction is difficult because of the complicated dynamic spatiotemporal correlations. Recent studies in spatiotemporal models have achieved impressive outcomes for traffic speed prediction. But many studies use graphs in graph convolutional networks to learn spatial features that are often static. Additionally, effectively modeling long-range temporal features is crucial for prediction accuracy. In order to overcome these challenges, a Spatial–Temporal Adaptive Graph Convolutional Network with Transformer (ST_AGCNT) is designed in this paper. Specifically, an adaptive graph convolution network (AGCN) is designed to extract spatial dependency. An adaptive graph that fuses predefined matrices and learnable matrix is proposed to learn the correlations between nodes. The predefined matrices provide the model with richer prior information, while the learnable matrix can extract the dynamic nature of the nodes. And a temporal transformer (TT) is proposed to extract the long-range temporal dependency. In addition, to learn more information to achieve better results, different historical segments are modeled. Experiments conducted on a real-world traffic dataset confirm the effectiveness of the proposed model when compared to other baseline models. This model demonstrated excellent performance in prediction tasks across different time steps, effectively accomplishing traffic speed forecasting. It provides data support for improving traffic efficiency and reducing resource waste, contributing to the sustainable development of traffic management.
Fostering Technology Adoption and Management Advancements in Environmental Performance: Mediation of Circular Economy and Sustainability-Oriented Innovation
Authors: Koval Viktor , Abramović Nikola , Đurović Sandra , Crvenica Dejana , Arsawan I Wayan Edi
Published: February 2025

This study aims to address a research gap by analyzing the role of technology adoption as a determinant of the circular economy in relation to sustainability-oriented innovation and environmental performance. This study uses an advanced structural equation modeling (SEM-PLS) approach to address methodological rigor issues, including multigroup analysis and bootstrap methods to ensure reliability and validity. Data were collected from 201 Indonesian SMEs, and 603 responses were collected and analyzed using structural equation modeling. The findings indicate that technology adoption contributes significantly to the circular economy and sustainability-oriented innovation but is insignificant to environmental performance. Furthermore, the circular economy and sustainability-oriented innovation are key to improving environmental performance. This study presents an advanced mediation model using serial mediation analysis with bias-corrected confidence intervals to ensure methodological robustness. This study develops a theoretical framework by integrating the natural resource-based view (NRBV), environmental concern theory, and stakeholder theory in the context of SMEs, providing a more comprehensive overview for understanding the mechanisms of environmental conservation. The results also highlighted the role of the circular economy and sustainability-oriented innovation as serial mediators in the relationship between technology adoption and environmental performance. In terms of theoretical implications, this study incorporates the natural resource-based view, environmental concern theory, and stakeholder theory to improve our understanding of environmental conservation. In terms of managerial contribution, the main implication for SME managers is to invest in sustainable practices by focusing on circular practices and improving the understanding of efforts to improve environmental performance.
Conceptual Modeling for Understanding and Communicating Complexity During Human Systems Integration in Manned–Unmanned Systems: A Case Study
Authors: Langen Tommy , Falk Kristin , Muller Gerrit
Published: February 2025

Informal soft system methodologies hold a significant role in developing complex systems. They bridge system knowledge and sensemaking among heterogeneous stakeholders. This article investigates the application of conceptual models to support such communication and understanding among transdisciplinary stakeholders, ensuring the translation of customer requirements and needs into suitable engineered systems. This article presents a case study incorporating observations, interviews, and a review of conceptual models utilized by an aerospace and defense case company for the development of future Manned–Unmanned Systems. It explores how practitioners employ conceptual modeling to support the Human Systems Integration (HSI) aspects of technological, organizational, and human elements of Manned–Unmanned Teaming (MUM-T) systems. The results indicate that practitioners utilize a mix of informal and formal types of conceptual models when developing Human Systems Integration aspects of the system. Formal models, such as sequence diagrams, requirement overviews, and functional flow models, are applied when addressing technology-focused aspects. Organization-centered modeling leverages representations like stakeholder maps and swimlane diagrams, while people-centered aspects rely more on informal techniques such as storytelling and user personas. The findings suggest a potential underestimation by practitioners of the value of quantification in conceptual modeling for Manned–Unmanned Systems development. This study highlights the important role that conceptual modeling methods play, particularly focusing on the informal aspects. These methods are instrumental in enhancing effective communication and understanding among transdisciplinary stakeholders. Furthermore, they facilitate mutual understanding, which is essential for fostering collaboration and shared vision in the development of complex systems. This facilitates deeper insights and reasoning into HSI for MUM-T applications.
Electrospinning of Chitosan–Halloysite Nanotube Biohybrid Mats for Clobetasol Propionate Delivery
Authors: Dubashynskaya Natallia V. , Petrova Valentina A. , Kudryavtsev Igor V. , Trulioff Andrey S. , Rubinstein Artem A. , Golovkin Alexey S. , Mishanin Alexander I. , Murav’ev Anton A. , Gofman Iosif V. , Poshina Daria N. , Skorik Yury A.
Published: February 2025

The application of electrospinning technologies for the preparation of mats based on mucoadhesive polysaccharides, such as chitosan (CS), is an attractive strategy for the development of biopolymeric delivery systems for topical corticosteroids. In this work, an electrospinning technique is described for the preparation of CS-based mats doped with halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) with modified release of clobetasol propionate (CP). The optimized composition of the electrospinning solution was determined: 2.4% solution of CS in 46% acetic acid with addition of PEO (10% of CS mass) and HNTs (5% of CS mass); CP was introduced as an ethanol solution at the rate of 2 mg CP per 1 g of the obtained nonwoven material. The process parameters (the electrospinning voltage of 50–65 kV, the rotation speed of the spinning electrode of 10 min−1, and the distance between the electrodes of 24 cm) were also optimized. The developed technology allowed us to obtain homogeneous nanofiber mats with excellent mechanical properties and biphasic drug release patterns (66% of CP released within 0.5 h and 88% of CP released within 6 h). The obtained nanofiber mats maintained the anti-inflammatory activity of corticosteroid at the level of free CP and showed no cytotoxicity.
Tourism-Induced Urbanization in Phuket Island, Thailand (1987–2024): A Spatiotemporal Analysis
Authors: Moukomla Sitthisak , Marome Wijitbusaba
Published: February 2025

Historically known for its tin mining industry, Phuket Island has undergone significant transformation into a global tourism hub. This study aims at analyzing the evolutionary dynamics of Phuket Island from the years 1987 to 2024. We integrate Landsat satellite images and sophisticated analytical methods to assess the effects of tourism and economic policies on changes in land use and land cover using Google Earth Engine (GEE) for cloud-based data processing and Random Forest (RF) models for classification, and the Urban Expansion Intensity Index (UEII) and Shannon Entropy metrics for measuring the intensity of urban expansion and diversity, respectively. The results show that there has been a dynamic change in the patterns of land use which was brought about by the economic and environmental forces. Some of the major events that have had a great effect on Phuket’s landscape include the 1997 Asian Financial Crisis, the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, and the COVID-19 pandemic; this highlights how the island is fragile and can be affected easily by events happening around the world. This work reveals a dramatic reduction in forest and mangrove cover, which calls for increased conservation measures to prevent the loss of biodiversity and to preserve the natural balance.
Do We Have a Common Understanding of How Vaccine Policy Affects Health Equity? Evaluating Variability in the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ Equity Assessment
Authors: Dooling Kathleen , Alyanak Elif , Hewlett Dial , Payne Haley , Snow Vincenza , Finkel Mitchell , Burns Maura , Hauber Brett , Coulter Joshua , Alexander-Parrish Ronika
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices’ (ACIP) Evidence to Recommendation (EtR) Framework has assessed vaccine equity, in addition to clinical and epidemiological data, since 2020. The domain’s use has not yet been evaluated. Methods: Authors assessed web-published, Equity domain-inclusive ACIP Work Group EtR presentations occurring between October 2020 and October 2023. Domain judgments were scored and assigned variability ratings based on the number and spread of domain categories selected. Equity domain trends were evaluated using sample statistics and one- and two-way analyses of variance. Results: Of the 44 assessed EtRs, 27 (61.4%) had variable judgments for at least one domain; 9 (20.4%) had variable Equity judgments. Across domains, Values had the greatest variability, followed by Equity. Across disease targets, EtRs assessing products for RSV prevention were most variable. Pediatric product EtRs had greater variability than adult products, and EtRs resulting in shared clinical decision-making (SCDM) recommendations had greater variability than those resulting in routine recommendations. Conclusions: Values and Equity domains judgment imprecision highlights a need for additional clarity to support consistent assessment.
Antibody Persistence of Human Diploid Cell Rabies Vaccine Administrated Using the Four-Versus Five-Dose Essen Intramuscular Regimen in Post-Exposure Prophylaxis: A Prospective Cohort Study Among the Chinese Population
Authors: Wu Linlin , Zhang Yu , Huang Zhuoying , Lu Hongmei , Li Xiaojun , Zhu Qi , Yin Chunli , Liu Jiechen , Shao Huiyong , Sun Xiaodong
Published: February 2025

Objective: Evidence on long-term antibody persistence for the rabies vaccine administered using the four-dose Essen regimen is lacking. This study compared antibody persistence for the human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV) administered using the four- versus five-dose Essen intramuscular regimen in post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP). Methods: This prospective cohort study enrolled patients vaccinated with the lyophilized HDCV for PEP who were grouped into four-dose and five-dose Essen groups. Rabies virus-neutralizing antibody (RVNA) detection was performed at 1 year or 3 years after initial vaccination. Results: In total, 180 and 184 patients were included in the four- and five-dose groups, respectively. The 1-year seroconversion (>0.5 IU/mL) rates were similar in the five-dose and four-dose Essen groups (99.2% vs. 98.3%, p = 0.662), as were the 3-year seroconversion rates (98.4% vs. 98.3%, p > 0.999). The median RVNA titer was significantly higher with the five-dose Essen regimen compared with the four-dose Essen regimen at 1 year (2.75 vs. 4.6 IU/mL, p = 0.002), and both groups had similar rates at 3 years (2.00 vs. 3.80 IU/mL, p = 0.443). Multivariable stepwise linear regression analysis showed that the five-dose Essen regimen was independently associated with higher serum RVNA titer compared to the four-dose Essen regimen (β = 0.175, p = 0.001), and 3 years after vaccination, was independently associated with a lower serum RVNA titer compared to 1 year (β = −1.06, p = 0.049). Conclusions: The four- and five-dose Essen regimens effectively produce durable immunogenicity, supporting the feasibility of implementing the four-dose Essen regimen for rabies immunization in China.
Treatment of Sewage Sludge and Phosphorus Removal Using Polyacrylamide and Calcium Chloride
Authors: Al-Dawery Salam K. , Al Hasani Yasmeen S. , Al Salimiya Shafa D. , Reddy Sajjala S. , Al Riyami Hanan A. , Harharah Hamed N. , Harharah Ramzi H. , Hayder Gasim
Published: February 2025

The enhancement of the treatment of municipal wastewater treatment plants is limited by poor sludge settling qualities, and the excessive discharge of nitrogen and phosphorus exacerbate water eutrophication. The goal of the current work was to remove phosphorus from fresh sewage-activated sludge by developing a new conditioning and flocculation mechanism that included a coagulant and cationic polyelectrolytes in a dual conditioning system. The coagulant (CaCl2) and the high molecular weight polyacrylamide (CPAM-10) were chosen to be utilized singly or in pairs as cationic–coagulant combinations. The collected results showed that, in comparison to utilizing the coagulant (CaCl2), conditioning with the high molecular weight polymer (CPAM-10) produced improved settling and less turbidity. Only sludge with a lower solid content (TSS) exhibited better settling when pure CaCl2 was used for conditioning. CaCl2 conditioning enhanced settling by just 3%, while CPAM-10 improved the sludge setting by 60% for higher sludge TSSs. According to the results, conditioning settings using a dual mixture including 20 mL CPAM-10 and 50 mL CaCl2 improved settling by 80%. The amount of phosphorus in the supernatant was decreased by 15% and 9%, respectively, by using the coagulant (CaCl2) and 50 mL/L polyacrylamide (CPAM-10). As a result, there was a significant amount of phosphorus in the resultant supernatant. This suggested that the polymer had a significant impact on sludge settling because of its high positive charge, but had less of an impact on attracting phosphorus metal. Despite the lower positive charge of CaCl2, it has a dual action of settling and removing phosphorus. A considerable amount of phosphorus was removed from the sludge and leached to the supernatant during treatment. This treatment was coupled with less sludge settling. However, 90% phosphorus removal was achieved when mixed conditioning agents (20 mL CPAM-10 and 50 mL CaCl2) were used. Furthermore, phosphorus was reduced by 33 and 39%, respectively, by adding 20 milliliters of CaCl2 to 100 milliliters of the pre-conditioned supernatant with pure CPAM-10 and CaCl2. Using the CPAM-10 agent for sludge conditioning has a major impact on settling, because of the high positive charge, and because when a small amount of Ca++ is added to the polymer solution for conditioning to attract fine sludge particles and accelerate their combination, this results in flocculation and rapid dewatering. This mechanism allows for more phosphorus to be released to the supernatant, which has not been reported previously to the best of our knowledge.
Who Pays for Conservation? Korean Anglers’ Willingness to Pay a Sustainable Recreational Fishing Environment Fund
Authors: Go Dong-Hun , Kim Yeon-Gyeong , Yi Sangchoul
Published: February 2025

This study examined Korean anglers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for the establishment of a Recreational Fishing Environment Fund (RFEF), aimed at mitigating the environmental impacts of recreational fishing on marine resources. As recreational fishing has expanded in Korea, concerns have grown over its negative effects on fishery resources and coastal pollution. Addressing these issues requires sustainable policy interventions, with financial support from stakeholders. To estimate anglers’ WTP for such a fund, a vignette survey was conducted in February 2024 among 1000 South Korean adults with experience or interest in recreational fishing. Using the Double-Bounded Dichotomous Choice Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), the present study estimated an average annual WTP of USD 8.18 per person. These findings provide essential data for designing coastal and ocean environmental policies based on the beneficiary pays principle, offering a financial framework to support conservation efforts and regulatory measures. The results highlight the potential for angler-funded environmental initiatives and can inform policymakers on the feasibility of implementing a dedicated fund for sustainable recreational fishing management.
Análises e perspectivas da execução dos recursos do Fundo Nacional de Segurança Pública pela Polícia Militar do Paraná
Authors: Luz Cecílio Campiolo
Published: February 2025

Trata-se de uma breve análise acerca da legislação brasileira vigente relacionada à Segurança Pública no Brasil, como está estruturado o Sistema de Segurança Único no Brasil com foco no financiamento por repasse de recursos para os entes federados através do Fundo Nacional de Segurança Pública, focando na análise da execução dos Recursos pela Polícia Militar do Paraná. Essa análise conjunta das questões jurídicas e administrativas de forma que possibilite identificar gargalos e antecipar planejamentos podem auxiliar na eficiência de políticas públicas, melhorando a capacidade dos gestores de utilizarem os recursos disponíveis para alcançar os seus objetivos no momento que realmente precisam, e assim com uma boa execução de recursos, adaptar seus processos frente a perspectivas de repasses maiores para aquelas demandas que realmente serão executadas.
Investigations on hardness and tensile behavior of micron boron carbide particles reinforced Al5052 alloy composites
Authors: Kukanur Vijayendra , Vishwanath Katagondanahalli Chikkanna , Namdev Nagaraj , Manjunatha T H , Valukula Balaraj , Kumar Subbaraya Mohan
Published: February 2025

This experimental research examined the tensile and microstructural behaviour of the Al5052 metal alloy with 4 and 8 wt. % of B4C composites. The analytical methodologies employed in this study involve the liquid metallurgical procedure for fabricating the Al5052 alloy with 4 and 8 weight percent B4C particle composites. This analysis employed additional techniques, such as EDS and SEM, to ascertain the microstructural behaviour. This research adheres to ASTM Standards to investigate the mechanical properties of Al5052 alloy reinforced with B4C composites. Furthermore, the integration of B4C particles into Al5052 exhibits exceptional properties in composite materials, hence augmenting its potential applications. The amalgamation of various materials enhanced the composites' hardness and tensile strength. The tensile fractured surfaces revealed both brittle and ductile fracture modes in the Al5052- B4C composites.
Patrulha Rural Comunitária da PMPR: uma análise dos indicadores criminais, repressivos e operacionais nos anos de 2023 e 2024 na área rural do 5° CRPM
Authors: Alexandre Marciel
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo analisa a influência do Programa Patrulha Rural Comunitária da Polícia Militar do Paraná (PMPR) no combate a criminalidade na área rural na região do 5º CRPM. A pesquisa utiliza dados extraídos do Business Intelligence (BI) da PMPR, comparando os índices criminais e repressivos dos anos de 2023 e 2024, com o número de propriedades cadastradas com a placa de identificação no período. O estudo busca verificar se a implementação do cadastramento rural e a intensificação do patrulhamento resultaram em redução ou aumento dos crimes na área rural. Além disso, destaca a importância da cooperação da comunidade rural com a segurança pública, e do uso de tecnologia no policiamento preventivo. Os resultados demonstraram que a patrulha rural tem sido um instrumento essencial para garantir a segurança no campo, reduzindo a criminalidade e aumentando a confiança da população na Polícia Militar. A continuidade desse trabalho, aliada a investimentos, tecnologia e cooperação com a comunidade, tende a consolidar ainda mais a eficiência das ações policiais, assegurando um ambiente rural mais seguro e protegido.
Uso de câmeras com reconhecimento facial para identificação de pessoas com mandado de prisão: benefícios da tecnologia e desafios frente à Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados
Authors: Kinape Rolyssom Miranda Melo
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os benefícios do uso de câmeras utilizadas com tecnologia de inteligência artificial (IA) e reconhecimento facial para a utilização pela Polícia Militar do Paraná (PMPR). A tecnologia de reconhecimento facial, integrada com sistemas de monitoramento, tem o potencial de otimizar a identificação de indivíduos com mandados de prisão, oferecendo uma ferramenta eficaz para o trabalho da segurança pública. Além disso, a aplicação dessa tecnologia pode melhorar a eficiência do policiamento, possibilitar uma resposta rápida, em tempo real e aumentar a segurança da população, auxiliando no combate à criminalidade. A pesquisa foi realizada através de uma revisão bibliográfica e análise de autores, revistas e artigos relacionados ao tema. Os assuntos abordados neste estudo demonstram as implicações dessa tecnologia no contexto de segurança pública, destacando seus benefícios operacionais e sociais, além das questões relacionadas à privacidade e desafios jurídicos associados à Lei Geral de Proteção de Dados.
Instituciones laborales, desigualdad salarial y empleo en América Latina
Authors:   , Ramírez Leira Lucía
Published: February 2025

Esta tesis doctoral se propone analizar los efectos de las instituciones laborales, específicamente el salario mínimo y la negociación colectiva, en la desigualdad salarial, el empleo y las primas salariales por calificación en el contexto de los países latinoamericanos. Para ello, se emplean datos empíricos y análisis cuantitativos para examinar la relación entre estas instituciones y los resultados laborales en la región. A través de la investigación organizada en tres capítulos, se busca proporcionar una comprensión más profunda sobre cómo las políticas laborales afecta el bienestar de las personas, incidiendo sobre sus ingresos, la desigualdad salarial, los niveles de empleo y los retornos a la inversión educativa en América Latina. El primer capítulo trata sobre el efecto del SM sobre la desigualdad salarial formal para las seis economías más grandes de América Latina entre 2001 y 2018; el segundo capítulo se centra en el rol que ha tenido el SM en la evolución de las primas salariales por calificación para 14 países de AL entre 1997 y 2019; mientras que el tercero aborda el rol de la negociación colectiva sobre la desigualdad salarial y el empleo formal en Argentina durante el período 2003 a 2015.
TINJAUAN HUKUM ISLAM TENTANG ISTRI MENJADI TENAGA KERJA WANITA (TKW)
Authors: Maulana Muhammad Miftahul
Published: February 2025

Istri bekerja sebagai TKW di luar negeri untuk menghidupi keluarga namun berdampak buruk bagi kehidupan rumah tangga bahkan marak kasus pelecehan dan kekerasan oleh majikan asing sehingga Islam mengatur bagaimana menghukum dan memberikan solusi terhadap pekerjaan tersebut, maka penulis menetapkan 5 rumusan masalah diantaranya: Apa saja definisi dan sistem menjadi TKW?; Apa saja Faktor yang Mengharuskan Istri Menjadi TKW?; Bagaimana pandangan Islam terhadap Istri yang bekerja di luar rumah?; Bagaimana Pandangan Islam terhadap Istri yang Menjadi TKW di Luar Negeri?; Apa saja dampak menjadi TKW? Metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dimana penelitian ini menganalisis berbagai sumber hukum Islam seperti Al-Quran, Hadits, dan pendapat ulama tentang kedudukan hukum, hak, dan kewajiban seorang istri yang bekerja di luar negeri. Temuan/hasil yang diperoleh bahwa hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Islam pada prinsipnya memperbolehkan wanita untuk bekerja di luar rumah dengan syarat-syarat tertentu, seperti harus seizin suami dan menjaga kehormatan dirinya. Akan tetapi, bekerjanya TKW di luar negeri dalam jangka waktu lama tanpa mahram, terdapat perbedaan pendapat di kalangan ulama. Sebagian besar ulama melarang hal tersebut, namun sebagian lainnya membolehkannya dalam keadaan darurat. Kajian ini menyimpulkan bahwa keputusan seorang perempuan untuk menjadi TKW harus mempertimbangkan aspek hukum Islam, sosial, dan ekonomi.
PHYSICAL AND CARDIORESPIRATORY FITNESS AMONG PHASE I MBBS STUDENTS - A CROSS SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: George Shiny , Sunil A Neenu , A L Anagha , Binu Jeffy , Haroon Hiba , Suneer Asif
Published: February 2025

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Background: Cardiorespiratory tness is a crucial indicator of overall physical tness, and it is essential for medical
students, who often face sedentary lifestyles due to academic pressures. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and
cardiorespiratory tness levels of rst-year medical students. A cross-sectional study was conducte Materials &Methods: d among 87 rst-year
MBBS students aged 18-23 years. Physical tness was assessed using the Modied Harvard Step Test, and cardiorespiratory tness was
measured by VO max, calculated using heart rate data. Pearson correlation analysis was performed to determine associations between physical
tness index, VO max, and basal heart rate. The study found that 42 participants had excellent phy Results: sical tness, and 21 demonstrated
superior VO max levels. Males had higher physical tness and VO max scores than females. A signicant negative correlation between basal
heart rate and physical tness index (r = -0.493, p < 0.001) and a positive correlation between physical tness index and VO max (r = 0.450, p <
0.001) were observed. The study highlights the importance of physical activity in maintaining cardi Conclusion: orespiratory tness, especially
for medical students who often have limited time for exercise. It emphasizes the need to incorporate physical activity into daily routines and
academic curricula. Further studies involving larger and more diverse samples are recommended to explore tness trend
CREATING PATHWAY FOR A DEAD END-CREATSAS MODIFICATION OF WILLIAM'S VAGINOPLASTY IN MRKH SYNDROME - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Arvindar Arvindar , Sen Sangeeta
Published: February 2025

Vaginal agenesis is a congenital anomaly of the female reproductive tract. In this case a unmarried female presented to our
OPD with primary amenorrhoea and difficulty in coitus. She was diagnosed to be a case of MRKH. She underwent
Creatsas modification of Williams vaginoplasty . The post-operative events were uneventful and she was discharged with the advice of regular
vaginal dilation with gradual hegar dilator . The procedure turned out to be a good success with patient satisfaction.