bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEEG initiative estimates of Brazilian greenhouse gas emissions from 1970 to 2015
Authors: de Azevedo Tasso Rezende , Costa Junior Ciniro , Brandão Junior Amintas , Cremer Marcelo dos Santos , Piatto Marina , Tsai David Shiling , Barreto Paulo , Martins Heron , Sales Márcio , Galuchi Tharic , Rodrigues Alessandro , Morgado Renato , Ferreira André Luis , Barcellos e Silva Felipe , Viscondi Gabriel de Freitas , dos Santos Karoline Costal , Cunha Kamyla Borges da , Manetti Andrea , Coluna Iris Moura Esteves , Albuquerque Igor Reis de , Junior Shigueo Watanabe , Leite Clauber , Kishinami Roberto
Published: May 2018

This work presents the SEEG platform, a 46-year long dataset of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) in Brazil (1970–2015) providing more than 2 million data records for the Agriculture, Energy, Industry, Waste and Land Use Change Sectors at national and subnational levels. The SEEG dataset was developed by the Climate Observatory, a Brazilian civil society initiative, based on the IPCC guidelines and Brazilian National Inventories embedded with country specific emission factors and processes, raw data from multiple official and non-official sources, and organized together with social and economic indicators. Once completed, the SEEG dataset was converted into a spreadsheet format and shared via web-platform that, by means of simple queries, allows users to search data by emission sources and country and state activities. Because of its effectiveness in producing and making available data on a consistent and accessible basis, SEEG may significantly increase the capacity of civil society, scientists and stakeholders to understand and anticipate trends related to GHG emissions as well as its implications to public policies in Brazil.
111In-labelled polymeric nanoparticles incorporating a ruthenium-based radiosensitizer for EGFR-targeted combination therapy in oesophageal cancer cells
Authors: Gill Martin R. , Menon Jyothi U. , Jarman Paul J. , Owen Joshua , Skaripa-Koukelli Irini , Able Sarah , Thomas Jim A. , Carlisle Robert , Vallis Katherine A.
Published: May 2018

EGFR-targeted PLGA nanoparticles co-deliver the Auger electron emitter111In and a ruthenium(ii) radiosensitizer for combined therapeutic effects.
Determination of 16 phthalate esters in sesame oil by isotope dilution liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Li Xiaomin , Zhang Qinghe , Chen Ling , Zhao Jiaying , Li Hongmei
Published: May 2018

The method shows low interference, superior selectivity for isomers, and provides high accuracy to determine trace PAEs in edible oil.
Silver–copper co-catalyzed cascade intramolecular cyclization/desulfinamide/dehydrogenation: one-pot synthesis of substituted carbazoles
Authors: Huang Yuanqiong , Guo Zhonglin , Song Hongjian , Liu Yuxiu , Wang Qingmin
Published: May 2018

Multi-substituted carbazoles were obtained from a silver–copper co-catalyzed cascade intramolecular cyclization/desulfinamide/dehydrogenation reaction.
Correction: CNTs grown on nanoporous carbon from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for supercapacitors
Authors: Kim Jeonghun , Young Christine , Lee Jaewoo , Park Min-Sik , Shahabuddin Mohammed , Yamauchi Yusuke , Kim Jung Ho
Published: May 2018

Correction for ‘CNTs grown on nanoporous carbon from zeolitic imidazolate frameworks for supercapacitors’ by Jeonghun Kim et al., Chem. Commun., 2016, 52, 13016–13019.
Crystal engineering, optical properties and electron density distribution of polar multicomponent materials containing sulfanilamide
Authors: Wojnarska Joanna , Gryl Marlena , Seidler Tomasz , Stadnicka Katarzyna M.
Published: May 2018

Combination of qualitative and quantitative crystal engineering tools for efficient design and detailed analysis of novel functional materials.
Cyclic (H2O)6confined hexameric host–guest assemblies and aerial CO2fixation by electron-rich neutral urea/thiourea scaffolds
Authors: Manna Utsab , Das Gopal
Published: May 2018

Neutral capsular assemblies of electron-rich tris-urea/thiourea receptors are formedviacyclic (H2O)6trapping or atmospheric CO2fixation.
Disorder–order transitions in the perovskite metal–organic frameworks [(CH3)2NH2][M(HCOO)3] at high pressure
Authors: Collings Ines E. , Bykov Maxim , Bykova Elena , Hanfland Michael , van Smaalen Sander , Dubrovinsky Leonid , Dubrovinskaia Natalia
Published: May 2018

Compression of dimethylammonium metal formates results in distorted metal formate frameworks and loss of dynamic disorder of dimethylammonium simultaneously.
Effective interaction potentials for model amphiphilic surfactants adsorbed at fluid–fluid interfaces
Authors: Moghimikheirabadi Ahmad , Sagis Leonard M. , Ilg Patrick
Published: May 2018

Lateral interaction potentials between surfactant center-of-masses are calculated using the force-matching scheme.
Modelling the kinetics and structural property evolution of a versatile reaction: aqueous HCN polymerization
Authors: Fernández Amparo , Ruiz-Bermejo Marta , de la Fuente José L.
Published: May 2018

The structural characterization and kinetics of HCN polymers were studied and the Kamal autocatalytic model can describe this aqueous precipitation polymerization.
A theoretical and shock tube kinetic study on hydrogen abstraction from phenyl formate
Authors: Ning Hongbo , Liu Dapeng , Wu Junjun , Ma Liuhao , Ren Wei , Farooq Aamir
Published: May 2018

We performedab initiocalculations of the rate constants for H-abstraction reactions of phenyl formate (PF) by H/O/OH/HO2radicals and experimentally determined the rate constants for PF + OH reactions using shock tube/laser absorption methods.
Structural and rheological changes of lamellar liquid crystals as a result of compositional changes and added silica nanoparticles
Authors: Marlow Joshua B. , Pottage Matthew J. , McCoy Thomas M. , De Campo Liliana , Sokolova Anna , Bell Toby D. M. , Tabor Rico F.
Published: May 2018

By adding silica nanoparticles to lamellar liquid crystals, their flow and structure can be changed dramatically, indicating new ways to understand particle–membrane interactions.
Mechanism of enhanced triplet decay of thionucleobase by glycosylation and rate-modulating strategies
Authors: Bai Shuming , Barbatti Mario
Published: May 2018

Functionalization of the sugar group can be used to control the triplet decay rate of thionucleosides.
Relativistic time-dependent density functional theories
Authors: Liu Wenjian , Xiao Yunlong
Published: May 2018

The foundations, formalisms, technicalities, and practicalities of relativistic time-dependent density functional theories (R-TD-DFT) for spinor excited states of molecular systems containing heavy elements are critically reviewed.
Chemo-mechanical expansion of lithium electrode materials – on the route to mechanically optimized all-solid-state batteries
Authors: Koerver Raimund , Zhang Wenbo , de Biasi Lea , Schweidler Simon , Kondrakov Aleksandr O. , Kolling Stefan , Brezesinski Torsten , Hartmann Pascal , Zeier Wolfgang G. , Janek Jürgen
Published: May 2018

The volume effects of electrode materials can cause local stress development, contact loss and particle cracking in the rigid environment of a solid-state battery.
A fully-integrated and automated testing device for PCR-free viral nucleic acid detection in whole blood
Authors: Liu Wenhan , Das Jagotamoy , Mepham Adam H. , Nemr Carine R. , Sargent Edward H. , Kelley Shana O.
Published: May 2018

Integrated devices for automated nucleic acid testing (NAT) are critical for infectious disease diagnosis to be performed outside of centralized laboratories.
Correction: Long-term C. elegans immobilization enables high resolution developmental studies in vivo
Authors: Berger Simon , Lattmann Evelyn , Aegerter-Wilmsen Tinri , Hengartner Michael , Hajnal Alex , deMello Andrew , Casadevall i Solvas Xavier
Published: May 2018

Correction for ‘Long-term C. elegans immobilization enables high resolution developmental studies in vivo’ by Simon Berger et al., Lab Chip, 2018, 18, 1359–1368.
The involvement of iron in chemerin induced cell cycle arrest in human hepatic carcinoma SMMC7721 cells
Authors: Sun Pengcheng , Wang Song , Wang Jian , Sun Jing , Peng Min , Shi Ping
Published: May 2018

Chemerin exhibits a tumor-inhibitory role in hepatocellular carcinoma.
Elastic properties and breaking strengths of GaS, GaSe and GaTe nanosheets
Authors: Chitara Basant , Ya'akobovitz Assaf
Published: May 2018

The present study highlights the elastic properties of suspended GaS, GaSe and GaTe nanosheets using atomic force microscopy. GaS exhibited the highest Young's modulus (∼173 GPa) among these nanosheets. These materials can withstand maximal stresses of up to 8 GPa and a maximal strain of 7% before breaking, making them suitable for stretchable electronic and optomechanical devices.
Lasing from lead halide perovskite semiconductor microcavity system
Authors: Wang Jun , Da Peimei , Zhang Zhe , Luo Song , Liao Liming , Sun Zeyuan , Shen Xuechu , Wu Shiwei , Zheng Gengfeng , Chen Zhanghai
Published: May 2018

The realization of excitonic lasing with a threshold of 12.9 μJ cm−2 and a spectral coherence of 0.76 nm in a vertical cavity surface emitting laser including a high fluorescent halide perovskite semiconductor.
Bulk-terminated or reconstructed Fe3O4(001) surface: water makes a difference
Authors: Liu Hongsheng , Di Valentin Cristiana
Published: May 2018

The presence of water may invert the relative stability of the bulk-terminated and reconstructed Fe3O4(001) surface.
Porous Co3O4/SnO2quantum dot (QD) heterostructures with abundant oxygen vacancies and Co2+ions for highly efficient gas sensing and oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Wang Xing , Gao Meizhen
Published: May 2018

Porous Co3O4/SnO2quantum dot (QD) heterojunctions with a strong synergistic effect are successfully synthesized in this paper.
Quantified hole concentration in AlGaN nanowires for high-performance ultraviolet emitters
Authors: Zhao Chao , Ebaid Mohamed , Zhang Huafan , Priante Davide , Janjua Bilal , Zhang Daliang , Wei Nini , Alhamoud Abdullah A. , Shakfa Mohammad Khaled , Ng Tien Khee , Ooi Boon S.
Published: May 2018

Photoelectrochemical methods are implemented to quantify the hole concentration in AlGaN nanowires, calibrate doping conditions, and design ultraviolet light-emitting diodes.
Freestanding CoSeO3·H2O nanoribbon/carbon nanotube composite paper for 2.4 V high-voltage, flexible, solid-state supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Yingchang , Wu Zeyi , Jiang Le , Pan Zhichang , Yang Peiyu , Tian Wenchao , Hu Linfeng
Published: May 2018

Freestanding paper consisting of ultrathin CoSeO3·H2O nanoribbons and carbon nanotubes fabricated by a vacuum-assisted filtration strategy exhibits 2.4 V high-voltage, high energy density and excellent flexibility for solid-state supercapacitors.
Ion selective separators based on graphene oxide for stabilizing lithium organic batteries
Authors: Pan Yuede , Hao Junran , Zhu Xuanbo , Zhou Yahong , Chou Shu-Lei
Published: May 2018

A thin bicomponent layer with GO and Super P enhances electroactive cathode material utilization for stable lithium organic batteries.
Visible light-induced aerobic oxidative cross-coupling of glycine derivatives with indoles: a facile access to 3,3′ bisindolylmethanes
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Yang Xiaorong , Zhou Huang , Li Shilin , Zhu Yin , Li Ying
Published: May 2018

A rapid synthesis of 3,3′-bisindolylmethanes is achieved via a photocatalyzed double Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction between glycine derivatives and indoles.
Structural–elastic determination of the force-dependent transition rate of biomolecules
Authors: Guo Shiwen , Tang Qingnan , Yao Mingxi , You Huijuan , Le Shimin , Chen Hu , Yan Jie
Published: May 2018

The differential structural–elastic properties of molecules between their transition and initial (native or denatured) states determine force-dependent transition rates.
Layered structure graphene oxide/methylcellulose composites with enhanced mechanical and gas barrier properties
Authors: Layek Rama Kanta , Ramakrishnan Karthik Ram , Sarlin Essi , Orell Olli , Kanerva Mikko , Vuorinen Jyrki , Honkanen Mari
Published: May 2018

Layered structure graphene oxide/methylcellulose composite films with excellent mechanical and gas barrier properties were fabricated by a simple solvent evaporation assisted assembly.
Bone remodeling induced by mechanical forces is regulated by miRNAs
Authors: Wang Yue , Jia Lingfei , Zheng Yunfei , Li Weiran
Published: May 2018

The relationship between mechanical force and alveolar bone remodeling is an important issue in orthodontics because tooth movement is dependent on the response of bone tissue to the mechanical force induced by the appliances used. Mechanical cyclical stretch (MCS), fluid shear stress (FSS), compression, and microgravity play different roles in the cell differentiation and proliferation involved in bone remodeling. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear, particularly the molecular pathways regulated by non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that play essential roles in bone remodeling. Amongst the various ncRNAs, miRNAs act as post-transcriptional regulators that inhibit the expression of their target genes. miRNAs are considered key regulators of many biologic processes including bone remodeling. Here, we review the role of miRNAs in mechanical force-induced bone metabolism.
Mid-Holocene changes in the geochemical and biotic conditions of an aquatic ecosystem, in Eastern Mediterranean
Authors: Styllas Michael , Dimitriou Elias , Gritzalis Kostas , Koutsodimou Maria , Karaouzas Ioannis , Skoulikidis Nikolaos , Gogou Alexandra
Published: May 2018

Mediterranean Temporary Ponds (MTPs) are unique and sensitive aquatic ecosystems that due to their hydrological characteristics constitute an ideal setting for the study of past environmental dynamics. A 176 cm core was retrieved from the littoral zone of Omalos MTP in Lefka Ori massif, to provide a general view of the processes that drove its Lateglacial and Holocene evolution. The sedimentary sequence is partitioned in two major units: (i) Unit II (∼17–4.7 ka BP), characterized by the catchment-derived transport, allogenic deposition of fine, Al2O3-rich, sediments and endogenic deposition of clays, under overall anoxic and dry climatic conditions, and (ii) Unit I (∼4.7 ka to present), characterized by increasing wetness, establishment of watershed, aquatic and herbaceous vegetation and by SiO2dominated sedimentation under overall oxic conditions. The enrichment of SiO2in the littoral sediments since the mid-Holocene, can be of clastic, aeolian and biogenic origin, but the undertaken analyses did not permit such distinction. The overall dryness of Unit II was interrupted between ∼14.7 and 13 ka BP by wet conditions, evidenced by the establishment of littoral vegetation. The transition to the mid-Holocene system reorganization, was expressed by peak values of Al2O3, Fe2O3, K2O, MgO and Cr2O3and by the deposition of calcite under warm and dry conditions. The mid-Holocene (∼4.7 ka BP) period of Omalos MTP ecosystem disturbance, likely corresponds to the “4.2 ka mega drought event” widespread in the eastern Mediterranean region. The potential of MTP's sedimentary sequences in reconstructing past environmental conditions is emphasized.
Updated Model of the Solar Energetic Proton Environment in Space
Authors: Jiggens Piers , Heynderickx Daniel , Sandberg Ingmar , Truscott Pete , Raukunen Osku , Vainio Rami
Published: May 2018

The Solar Accumulated and Peak Proton and Heavy Ion Radiation Environment (SAPPHIRE) model provides environment specification outputs for all aspects of the Solar Energetic Particle (SEP) environment. The model is based upon a thoroughly cleaned and carefully processed data set. Herein the evolution of the solar proton model is discussed with comparisons to other models and data. This paper discusses the construction of the underlying data set, the modelling methodology, optimisation of fitted flux distributions and extrapolation of model outputs to cover a range of proton energies from 0.1 MeV to 1 GeV. The model provides outputs in terms of mission cumulative fluence, maximum event fluence and peak flux for both solar maximum and solar minimum periods. A new method for describing maximum event fluence and peak flux outputs in terms of 1-in-x-year SPEs is also described. SAPPHIRE proton model outputs are compared with previous models including CREME96, ESP-PSYCHIC and the JPL model. Low energy outputs are compared to SEP data from ACE/EPAM whilst high energy outputs are compared to a new model based on GLEs detected by Neutron Monitors (NMs).
Myasthene Krise
Authors: Stetefeld Henning R. , Schroeter Michael
Published: May 2018

Die myasthene Krise ist die meist akute, lebensbedrohliche Maximalausprägung einer Myasthenia gravis mit schwerer Dysphagie und Ateminsuffizienz, die eine intensivmedizinische Überwachung und Sicherung der Vitalfunktionen bedarf. Von ihr abzugrenzen ist die Exazerbation einer Myasthenie, die ein Prodrom der Krise darstellen kann. In dieser Übersicht führen wir auf, wie Warnsymptome (red flags) der Exazerbation bzw. der Krise erkannt werden können und verweisen auf Differentialdiagnosen, insbesondere bei Auftreten erstmaliger bulbärer Symptome mit Dysphagie. Wir geben einen Überblick über die stufenweise und strukturierte Vorgehensweise intensivmedizinischer Maßnahmen und Therapie. Feste Säulen der Behandlung sind die symptomatische Therapie mit Acetylcholinesteraseinhibitoren, die akute ursachenbezogene Therapie zur schnellen Eliminierung der Autoantikörper mittels Plasmapherese, Immunadsorption oder polyvalenter Immunglobuline, die frühe Einleitung bzw. Optimierung der Immunsuppression mit Kortikoiden und Azathioprin oder die Eskalation mit monoklonalen Antikörpern wie Rituximab. Besonderheiten des spezialisierten Krisenmanagements auf der neurologischen bzw. neurologisch versierten Intensivstation umfassen ein strukturiertes Weaning, die konsequente Behandlung von Komorbiditäten und deren Komplikationen, von Infektionen, ein strukturiertes Dysphagie-Assessment, sowie die Delirbehandlung.
A Cyclotide Isolated from Noisettia orchidiflora (Violaceae)
Authors: Bobey Antonio , Pinto Meri , Cilli Eduardo , Lopes Norberto , Bolzani Vanderlan
Published: May 2018

Biologically active cyclotides have been found on some flowering plants species and are involved in the role of the plant protection. As part of studies focusing on peptides from Brazilian plant species, we are reporting the detection by LC-MS of several cyclotides from leaves and stems of Noisettia orchidiflora (Violaceae). From stems it was possible to isolate and characterize a cyclotide named Nor A. Its primary structure (amino acid sequence) was established by MALDI-TOF-MS, based on the y- and b-type ion series, after reduction and alkylation reactions, as well as enzymatic digestion using the enzymes endoproteinase glutamic acid (endoGlu-C), trypsin, and chymotrypsin. Furthermore, the amino acid analysis was also described.
Electron-Transfer-Induced Intramolecular Heck Carbonylation Reactions Leading to Benzolactones and Benzolactams
Authors: Ryu Ilhyong , Fukuyama Takahide , Bando Takanobu
Published: May 2018

A metal-catalyst-free intramolecular Heck carbonylation reaction of benzyl alcohols and benzyl amines with carbon monoxide under heating at 250 °C affords the corresponding benzolactones and benzolactams in good to excellent yields. A hybrid radical/ionic chain mechanism, involving electron transfer from radical anions generated by nucleophilic attack of alcohols or amines on intermediate acyl radicals, is proposed.
Selective Preparation of C
2v
-Symmetric Hexaphenylbenzene Derivatives through Sequential Suzuki Coupling
Authors: Kojima Tatsuo , Hiraoka Shuichi , Ogata Kazuho
Published: May 2018

We have developed effective reaction conditions for the ­Suzuki cross-coupling of chlorinated hexaphenylbenzene derivatives. A chloro group on a hexaphenylbenzene framework exhibits a low reactivity to Suzuki cross-coupling, and only nickel catalysts bearing alkyl-substituted phosphine ligands achieved the coupling. With this as a key step, we succeeded in the selective preparation of a C
2v
-symmetric hexaphenylbenzene derivative containing two kinds of aryl group.
Sequential Pyridine Dearomatization–Mizoroki–Heck Cyclization for the Construction of Fused (Dihydropyrido)isoindolinone Ring Systems
Authors: Pigge F. , Joshi Madhur
Published: May 2018

Acylation of 4-alkylpyridines with 2-iodobenzoyl chlorides under basic conditions results in pyridine dearomatization via formation of 4-alkylidene dihydropyridines. These reasonably stable intermediates are further transformed through Pd-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck cyclization to afford dihydropyrido-fused isoindolinone products in good yield. This study demonstrates successful harnessing of reactive dearomatized pyridine anhydrobases in metal-catalyzed C–C bond-forming reactions, and provides an efficient entry to isoindolinone ring systems structurally related to several indolizidine alkaloid frameworks.
Predictive Factors of Thoracic Lymph Node Metastasis Accompanying Pulmonary Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ali Kamran , Cho Sukki , Jang Hyo Jun , Kim Kwhanmien , Jheon Sanghoon
Published: May 2018

Background The aim of this study was to identify the factors predicting thoracic lymph node (LN) metastases for pulmonary resection from colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods The records of 160 patients who underwent pulmonary metastasectomy for CRC were retrospectively reviewed. Clinicopathologic factors were analyzed with chi-square test or t-test and logistic regression to identify predictable factors for LN metastases.

Results Sixty patients (37.5%) underwent LN dissection during pulmonary metastasectomy, and LN metastases were found in five patients. Twenty-three patients had LN recurrence among the 100 patients (62.5%) without LN dissection during the follow-up period. Twenty-eight patients out of 160 (17.5%) had LN metastases. By multivariate analysis, the number of pulmonary metastasis and metastasis from colon cancers were independent factors predicting LN metastases.

Conclusion The number of pulmonary metastasis and metastasis from colon cancers were independent factors predicting LN metastases. LN sampling should be performed especially in cases with strong predictive factors to improve staging and help guide further treatment.
Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Versus Drug-Eluting Stent Implantation in Patients with Multivessel Disease Involving the Right Coronary Artery
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Jeong Dong Seop , Sung Kiick , Kim Wook Sung , Park Pyo Won , Kim Hyuck , Carriere K. C. , Lee Young Tak
Published: May 2018

Background Whether percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is superior to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for the right coronary territory is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes and patency in the right coronary territory after CABG or PCI.

Methods We studied 2,467 multivessel coronary artery disease patients from January 2001 to December 2011; 1,672 were off-pump CABG patients and 795 were PCI. The graft patency and the presence of major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs) including death, myocardial infarction, target vessel revascularization, and stroke were analyzed.

Results After propensity score matching, cardiac-related survival was found to be significantly higher in the CABG group than in the PCI group (hazard ratio (HR) for the PCI group: 2.445, p = 0.006). The PCI group showed higher rates of myocardial infarction (HR: 2.571, p = 0.011) and target vessel revascularization (HR: 3.337, p < 0.001). In the right coronary territory, the right internal thoracic artery patency was not different in the PCI group compared with the CABG group (p = 0.248). In CABG group, low right coronary artery graft patency was associated with cardiac-related death (HR: 0.17, p = 0.003) and the occurrence of MACCEs (HR: 0.22, p < 0.001).

Conclusion CABG was superior to PCI in patients with multivessel disease. Low graft patency in the right coronary territory was associated with cardiac-related death and the occurrence of MACCEs.
Vitamine und Gesundheit
Authors: Biesalski Hans Konrad
Published: May 2018

Wenn es um gesunde Ernährung und dabei ganz besonders um Vitamine geht, so wird immer wieder darauf hingewiesen: „Wir brauchen keine (zusätzlichen) Vitamine, wir
haben genug Obst und Gemüse!“ Beides ist nicht wirklich richtig! Natürlich brauchen wir Vitamine und wir haben durchaus auch genügend Obst und Gemüse.
Allerdings sind Obst und Gemüse nicht alleine ausreichend, wenn es um die Versorgung mit Vitaminen geht!
Automation in Recruitment: A New Frontier
Authors: Gupta Pooja , Fernandes Semila F. , Jain Manish
Published: May 2018

The case is about the urge for improving the processes and utilizing technologies available in market for Human Resource Management Services especially in recruitment. The dilemma in the case is whether the company should opt for automation or not. And if the company is adopting automation to support workforce planning and recruitment functions, is the company ready for the same. The HR industry at large is aware of the challenges faced by the recruitment teams in terms of the various hiring functions involving sales engine, sourcing, interviewing, providing offers, post offer follow-ups and finally joining and induction. To address this challenge, the case touches on instituting a culture change by embracing technology into divisions which are not yet open to adopting innovative methods. The company is looking at incorporating Artificial Intelligence in its various processes. It is also looking at Robot Process Automation to perform standard HR functions in the recruitment process. The company must decide whether to implement automation and if it does, how it should be executed. The case also debates on whether technology would increase the effectiveness of talent acquisition function and bring a change in the administrative HR image or would this automation-led hiring take away the control from the company human resources?
Resolution of apparent paradoxes in the race-specific frequency of use-of-force by police
Authors: Ross Cody T. , Winterhalder Bruce , McElreath Richard
Published: May 2018

Analyses of racial disparities in police use-of-force against unarmed individuals are central to public policy interventions; however, recent studies have come to apparently paradoxical findings concerning the existence and form of such disparities. Although anti-black racial disparities in U.S. police shootings have been consistently documented at the population level, new work has suggested that racial disparities in encounter-conditional use of lethal force by police are reversed relative to expectations, with police being more likely to: (1) shoot white relative to black individuals, and (2) use non-lethal as opposed to lethal force on black relative to white individuals. Encounter- and use-of-force-conditional results, however, can be misleading if the rates with which police encounter and use non-lethal force vary across officers and depend on suspect race. We find that all currently described empirical patterns in the structuring of police use-of-force—including the “reversed” racial disparities in encounter-conditional use of lethal force—are explainable under a generative model in which there are consistent and systemic biases against black individuals. If even a small subset of police more frequently encounter and use non-lethal force against black individuals than white individuals, then analyses of pooled encounter-conditional data can fail to correctly detect racial disparities in the use of lethal force. In more technical terms, statistical assessments of racial disparities conditioned on problematic intermediate variables, such as encounters, which might themselves be a causal outcome of racial bias, can produce misleading inferences. Population-level measures of use-of-force by police are more robust indicators of the overall severity of racial disparities than encounter-conditional measures—since the later neglect the differential morbidity and mortality arising from differential encounter rates. As such, population-level measures should be used when evaluating the local-level public health implications of racial disparities in police use-of-force. Research on encounter-conditional use-of-force by police can also fruitfully contribute to public policy discussions, since population-level measures alone cannot address whether racial disparities are driven by disparities in encounters or disparities in use-of-force conditional on encounters. Tests for racial biases in the encounter-conditional use of lethal force, however, must account for individual-level variation across officers in terms of race-specific encounter rates or risk falling to Simpson’s paradox.
Biomimetics of the pulmonary environment in vitro: A microfluidics perspective
Authors: Tenenbaum-Katan Janna , Artzy-Schnirman Arbel , Fishler Rami , Korin Netanel , Sznitman Josué
Published: May 2018

The entire luminal surface of the lungs is populated with a complex yet confluent, uninterrupted airway epithelium in conjunction with an extracellular liquid lining layer that creates the air-liquid interface (ALI), a critical feature of healthy lungs. Motivated by lung disease modelling, cytotoxicity studies, and drug delivery assessments amongst other, in vitro setups have been traditionally conducted using macroscopic cultures of isolated airway cells under submerged conditions or instead using transwell inserts with permeable membranes to model the ALI architecture. Yet, such strategies continue to fall short of delivering a sufficiently realistic physiological in vitro airway environment that cohesively integrates at true-scale three essential pillars: morphological constraints (i.e., airway anatomy), physiological conditions (e.g., respiratory airflows), and biological functionality (e.g., cellular makeup). With the advent of microfluidic lung-on-chips, there have been tremendous efforts towards designing biomimetic airway models of the epithelial barrier, including the ALI, and leveraging such in vitro scaffolds as a gateway for pulmonary disease modelling and drug screening assays. Here, we review in vitro platforms mimicking the pulmonary environment and identify ongoing challenges in reconstituting accurate biological airway barriers that still widely prevent microfluidic systems from delivering mainstream assays for the end-user, as compared to macroscale in vitro cell cultures. We further discuss existing hurdles in scaling up current lung-on-chip designs, from single airway models to more physiologically realistic airway environments that are anticipated to deliver increasingly meaningful whole-organ functions, with an outlook on translational and precision medicine.
Inhibition of high shear arterial thrombosis by charged nanoparticles
Authors: Griffin Michael T. , Zhu Yuanzheng , Liu Zixiang , Aidun Cyrus K. , Ku David N.
Published: May 2018

Platelet accumulation under high shear rates at the site of atherosclerotic plaque rupture leads to myocardial infarction and stroke. Current antiplatelet therapies remain ineffective within a large percentage of the population, while presenting significant risks for bleeding. We explore a novel way to inhibit arterial thrombus formation by biophysical means without the use of platelet inactivating drugs. Our computational multi-scale dynamics model has predicted that charged particles of a specific size may entangle von Willebrand Factor (vWF) polymers and reduce the amount of elongation at high shear rates. We tested this hypothesis experimentally for negatively charged nanoparticles (CNP) to inhibit arterial thrombus formation. CNP of a particular size and charge inhibited thrombus formation, with a 10-fold peak inhibition over control conditions of thrombotic occlusion. Particles of differing material composition, size, and charge had little effect as predicted by computational studies. Surprisingly, the dose response curve was not sigmoidal, but exhibited a peak at 1.5 CNP:vWF proteins, which was not predicted by the model. This study describes a new antithrombotic agent that may have a different mechanism of action than current pharmaceutical therapies.
Controlled synthesis of 2D MX2 (M = Mo, W; X = S, Se) heterostructures and alloys
Authors: Cain Jeffrey D. , Hanson Eve D. , Dravid Vinayak P.
Published: May 2018

The advent of two-dimensional materials and van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures has been a boon for the nanoscience community, enabling the fabrication of nanostructures with atomic-scale precision, resulting in high performance opto-electronic devices. Yet, while vdW heterostructures have been widely studied, their fabrication remains rudimentary, relying upon physical stacking and ad hoc collections of recipes, rather than a rational framework. Here, we report our work on the synthesis of vdW heterostructures and monolayer alloys of MoS2-WS2 and MoSe2-WSe2 and the creation of a unifying, diagrammatic approach to heterostructure growth in these materials systems, which we call Time-Temperature-Architecture (TTA) diagrams. We demonstrate the temperature tunable synthesis of in-plane, vertical, and hybrid heterostructures, as well as monolayer alloys within the MoS2-WS2 and MoSe2-WSe2 systems. We use the TTA framework to add previously unexplored entries to this collection: the first ever single-step growth of MoSe2-WSe2 vertical heterostructures and Mo1-xWxSe2 alloys, and a new MoS2-WS2 hybrid architecture that combines the morphologies of both vertical and in-plane heterostructures. The TTA diagrams are a simple framework for vdW heterostructure and alloy growth, which we believe will be crucial, and enable further work on heterostructures and alloys of MoS2-WS2 and MoSe2-WSe2.
Analysis of trends in experimental observables: Reconstruction of the implosion dynamics and implications for fusion yield extrapolation for direct-drive cryogenic targets on OMEGA
Authors: Bose A. , Betti R. , Mangino D. , Woo K. M. , Patel D. , Christopherson A. R. , Gopalaswamy V. , Mannion O. M. , Regan S. P. , Goncharov V. N. , Edgell D. H. , Forrest C. J. , Frenje J. A. , Gatu Johnson M. , Yu Glebov V. , Igumenshchev I. V. , Knauer J. P. , Marshall F. J. , Radha P. B. , Shah R. , Stoeckl C. , Theobald W. , Sangster T. C. , Shvarts D. , Campbell E. M.
Published: May 2018

This paper describes a technique for identifying trends in performance degradation for inertial confinement fusion implosion experiments. It is based on reconstruction of the implosion core with a combination of low- and mid-mode asymmetries. This technique was applied to an ensemble of hydro-equivalent deuterium–tritium implosions on OMEGA which achieved inferred hot-spot pressures ≈56 ± 7 Gbar [Regan et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 117, 025001 (2016)]. All the experimental observables pertaining to the core could be reconstructed simultaneously with the same combination of low and mid-modes. This suggests that in addition to low modes, which can cause a degradation of the stagnation pressure, mid-modes are present which reduce the size of the neutron and x-ray producing volume. The systematic analysis shows that asymmetries can cause an overestimation of the total areal density in these implosions. It is also found that an improvement in implosion symmetry resulting from correction of either the systematic mid or low modes would result in an increase in the hot-spot pressure from 56 Gbar to ≈ 80 Gbar and could produce a burning plasma when the implosion core is extrapolated to an equivalent 1.9 MJ symmetric direct illumination [Bose et al., Phys. Rev. E 94, 011201(R) (2016)].
Drift turbulence, particle transport, and anomalous dissipation at the reconnecting magnetopause
Authors: Le A. , Daughton W. , Ohia O. , Chen L.-J. , Liu Y.-H. , Wang S. , Nystrom W. D. , Bird R.
Published: May 2018

Using fully kinetic 3D simulations, the reconnection dynamics of asymmetric current sheets are examined at the Earth's magnetopause. The plasma parameters are selected to model MMS magnetopause diffusion region crossings with guide fields of 0.1, 0.4, and 1 of the reconnecting magnetosheath field. In each case, strong drift-wave fluctuations are observed in the lower-hybrid frequency range at the steep density gradient across the magnetospheric separatrix. These fluctuations give rise to cross-field electron particle transport. In addition, this turbulent mixing leads to significantly enhanced electron parallel heating in comparison to 2D simulations. We study three different methods of quantifying the anomalous dissipation produced by the drift fluctuations, based on spatial averaging, temporal averaging, and temporal averaging followed by integrating along magnetic field lines. A comparison of different methods reveals complications in identifying and measuring the anomalous dissipation. Nevertheless, the anomalous dissipation from short wavelength drift fluctuations appears weak for each case, and the reconnection rates observed in 3D are nearly the same as in 2D models. The 3D simulations feature a number of interesting new features that are consistent with recent MMS observations, including cold beams of magnetosheath electrons that penetrate into the hotter magnetospheric inflow, the related observation of decreasing temperature in regions of increasing total density, and an effective turbulent diffusion coefficient that agrees with predictions from quasi-linear theory.
Gromov’s theorem in n-symplectic geometry on LRn
Authors: Norris L. K.
Published: May 2018

If M is an n-dimensional manifold, then the associated bundle of linear frames LM of M supports the canonically defined Rn-valued soldering 1-form θ^. The pair (LM,dθ^) is an n-symplectic manifold, where dθ^ is the n-symplectic 2-form. We adapt the proofs of de Gosson and McDuff and Salamon of Gromov’s non-squeezing theorem on R2n to give a proof of Gromov’s theorem for affine n-symplectomorphisms on LRn.
Ideal form of optical plasma lenses
Authors: Gordon D. F. , Stamm A. B. , Hafizi B. , Johnson L. A. , Kaganovich D. , Hubbard R. F. , Richardson A. S. , Zhigunov D.
Published: May 2018

The canonical form of an optical plasma lens is a parabolic density channel. This form suffers from spherical aberrations, among others. Spherical aberration is partially corrected by adding a quartic term to the radial density profile. Ideal forms which lead to perfect focusing or imaging are obtained. The fields at the focus of a strong lens are computed with high accuracy and efficiency using a combination of eikonal and full Maxwell descriptions of the radiation propagation. The calculations are performed using a new computer propagation code, SeaRay, which is designed to transition between various solution methods as the beam propagates through different spatial regions. The calculations produce the full Maxwell vector fields in the focal region.
High-pressure dielectric studies on 1,6-anhydro-β-D-mannopyranose (plastic crystal) and 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose (canonical glass)
Authors: Heczko Dawid , Kamińska Ewa , Minecka Aldona , Dzienia Andrzej , Jurkiewicz Karolina , Tarnacka Magdalena , Talik Agnieszka , Kamiński Kamil , Paluch Marian
Published: May 2018

Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy was applied to investigate molecular dynamics of two anhydrosaccharides, i.e., 1,6-anhydro-β-D-mannopyranose, anhMAN (hydrogen-bonded system) and 2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose, ac-anhGLU (van der Waals material), at different thermodynamic conditions. Moreover, the reported data were compared with those recently published for two other H-bonded systems, i.e., 1,6-anhydro-β-D-glucopyranose (anhGLU) and D-glucose (D-GLU). A direct comparison of the dynamical behavior of the materials with a similar chemical structure but significantly differing by the degrees of freedom, complexity, and intermolecular interactions made it possible to probe the impact of compression on the fragility, Temperature-Pressure Superpositioning and pressure coefficient of the glassy crystal/glass transition temperatures (dTgc/dp ; dTg/dp). Moreover, the correlation between dTgc/dp determined experimentally from the high-pressure dielectric data and the Ehrenfest equation has been tested for the plastic crystals (anhGLU and anhMAN) for the first time. Interestingly, a satisfactory agreement was found between both approaches. It is a quite intriguing finding which can be rationalized by the fact that the studied materials are characterized by the low complexity (lower degrees of freedom with respect to the molecular mobility) as well as ordered internal structure. Therefore, one can speculate that in contrast to the ordinary glasses the dynamics of the plastic crystals might be described with the use of a single order parameter. However, to confirm this thesis further, pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) experiments enabling calculations of the Prigogine Defay ratio are required.
The glycerol backbone of phospholipids derives from noncarbohydrate precursors in starved lung cancer cells
Authors: Leithner Katharina , Triebl Alexander , Trötzmüller Martin , Hinteregger Barbara , Leko Petra , Wieser Beatrix I. , Grasmann Gabriele , Bertsch Alexandra L. , Züllig Thomas , Stacher Elvira , Valli Alessandro , Prassl Ruth , Olschewski Andrea , Harris Adrian L. , Köfeler Harald C. , Olschewski Horst , Hrzenjak Andelko
Published: May 2018

Significance

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) has a unique position in cell metabolism by allowing the flexible use of nutrients for anabolic biosynthetic reactions. PEPCK activity has just recently been described in cancer cells. It has been shown to promote cancer cell survival under nutrient deprivation, a typical feature in solid cancers, as well as cancer growth. To decipher the metabolic downstream pathways of PEPCK is critical for a better understanding of cancer cell adaptive responses under low nutrient stress. Here, we show that mitochondrial PEPCK (PEPCK-M) mediates the synthesis of glycerol phosphate from noncarbohydrate precursors, and that PEPCK-M is needed to maintain levels of glycerophospholipids, major constituents of biomembranes, in starved lung cancer cells.
Activated integrins identify functional antigen-specific CD8+T cells within minutes after antigen stimulation
Authors: Dimitrov Stoyan , Gouttefangeas Cécile , Besedovsky Luciana , Jensen Anja T. R. , Chandran P. Anoop , Rusch Elisa , Businger Ramona , Schindler Michael , Lange Tanja , Born Jan , Rammensee Hans-Georg
Published: May 2018

Significance

Assessing antigen-specific T cells is crucial for our understanding of immune reactions against pathogens and tumors, and for evaluating immunotherapies in patients. Existing techniques to evaluate the functionality of T lymphocytes all rely on de novo expression of proteins, typically intracellular cytokines, and therefore require elaborated protocols and reagents. We have established a simple flow cytometry-based method to assess the functionality of CD8+T cells by identifying immediate changes in the conformation and valency of cell surface integrins that occur within minutes following antigenic stimulation. Because of its robustness, sensitivity, and broad applicability, the assay can be rapidly implemented for the measurement and isolation of functional T cells for basic research and in the clinical setting.
Face recognition accuracy of forensic examiners, superrecognizers, and face recognition algorithms
Authors: Phillips P. Jonathon , Yates Amy N. , Hu Ying , Hahn Carina A. , Noyes Eilidh , Jackson Kelsey , Cavazos Jacqueline G. , Jeckeln Géraldine , Ranjan Rajeev , Sankaranarayanan Swami , Chen Jun-Cheng , Castillo Carlos D. , Chellappa Rama , White David , O’Toole Alice J.
Published: May 2018

Significance

This study measures face identification accuracy for an international group of professional forensic facial examiners working under circumstances that apply in real world casework. Examiners and other human face “specialists,” including forensically trained facial reviewers and untrained superrecognizers, were more accurate than the control groups on a challenging test of face identification. Therefore, specialists are the best available human solution to the problem of face identification. We present data comparing state-of-the-art face recognition technology with the best human face identifiers. The best machine performed in the range of the best humans: professional facial examiners. However, optimal face identification was achieved only when humans and machines worked in collaboration.
Mapping an ancient city with a century of remotely sensed data
Authors: Stott David , Kristiansen Søren Munch , Lichtenberger Achim , Raja Rubina
Published: May 2018

Significance

Understanding how people in the past adapted to environmental and economic challenges can help us anticipate and meet these challenges in the present. However, these very processes threaten the physical remains embodying this information worldwide: Urban expansion and resource exploitation mean that the quantity and quality of archaeological information are diminishing daily. In this work, we demonstrate how multitemporal aerial photography and modern airborne laser scanning are invaluable tools for mapping the remaining archaeological features extant in the present and for adding context to them from what has been lost. This knowledge enables cultural heritage administrators and archaeologists to actively monitor, understand, and manage the existing remains to make sure important information is not lost to posterity.
Exceptionally high levels of lead pollution in the Balkans from the Early Bronze Age to the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Longman Jack , Veres Daniel , Finsinger Walter , Ersek Vasile
Published: May 2018

Significance

A detailed record of historical lead (Pb) pollution from a peat bog in Serbia provides a unique view on the extent and timing of Balkan mining and metallurgy. Evidence of the earliest European environmental pollution is followed by large-scale and sustained increases in the amount of anthropogenically derived Pb after 600 BCE, through the Roman/Byzantine periods, and into the medieval period. Occasional evidence of drops in pollution output reflects the disruptive socioeconomic impact of periods of turmoil. Our data show a trend significantly different to records in western Europe, where Pb pollution decreases dramatically after the collapse of the Roman Empire. These results suggest metal-rich southeastern Europe should be considered a more major player in environmental metal pollution through time.
KDM4B protects against obesity and metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Cheng Yingduan , Yuan Quan , Vergnes Laurent , Rong Xin , Youn Ji Youn , Li Jiong , Yu Yongxin , Liu Wei , Cai Hua , Lin Jiandie D. , Tontonoz Peter , Hong Christine , Reue Karen , Wang Cun-Yu
Published: May 2018

Significance

Obesity has become a major epidemic around the globe, with fatal comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and cancer that have led to alarming health concerns in modern medicine. Although excess adipose tissue is associated with negative metabolic outcomes, the physiological functions of epigenetic regulators in adipose tissue and metabolism are unclear. Here we show that KDM4B in adipose tissues epigenetically controls energy expenditure, oxidation, lipolysis, and thermogenesis. Loss of
Kdm4b
impairs energy expenditure, adaptive thermogenesis, and adipose tissue lipolysis, resulting in obesity and associated metabolic dysfunction. Our results provide insights into control of obesity and suggest that modulation of KDM4B levels or activity may be a potential therapeutic target for human obesity.