bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behavioral Determinants of Climate-Smart Agriculture Adoption among Smallholder Leafy Vegetable Agripreneurs in Semi-Arid Central Tanzania
Authors: ERICK STEPHEN BISHIBURA , Mbwambo Jonathan Stephen , Salanga Raymond
Published: February 2025

This study examines the behavioral determinants influencing the adoption of climate-smart agriculture (CSA) practices among smallholder leafy vegetable agripreneurs in semi-arid Central Tanzania. Guided by the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the study investigates the role of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control in shaping CSA adoption, incorporating perceived usefulness as a mediating factor. Using a cross-sectional survey of 385 agripreneurs from Dodoma and Singida regions, data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) in Smart PLS 4. The findings reveal that attitudes significantly influence perceived usefulness and CSA adoption, indicating that farmers who recognize the benefits of CSA are more likely to adopt these practices. Subjective norms and perceived behavioral control also play a crucial role, emphasizing the influence of social networks and access to resources. Perceived usefulness strongly mediates the relationship between behavioral determinants and adoption, underscoring its role in translating positive perceptions into action. The study highlights key policy implications, including strengthening agricultural extension services, improving financial access, and leveraging social networks to enhance CSA adoption. Despite limitations related to its cross-sectional design and reliance on self-reported data, the study offers valuable insights for policymakers, researchers, and development organizations. Future research should adopt longitudinal approaches and integrate objective farm-level assessments to deepen understanding of CSA adoption dynamics.
What do we know about wicked problems after nearly 52 years: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Danaeefard Hassan , khosravi Mehdi
Published: February 2025

Wicked problems have become a crucial area of study across various fields. This research offers an extensive bibliometric analysis of the literature surrounding wicked problems, aiming to clarify the intellectual framework and development of this research domain. By using the bibliometrix package in R software and VOSviewer, the study explores factors such as annual publication trends, author influence, source importance, and the historical progression of the field through citation analysis, co-citation analysis, and thematic mapping. The findings reveal an increasing acknowledgment of wicked problems in areas like public policy, environmental science, and governance, especially since the mid-2010s. The keyword co-occurrence analysis identifies key themes, such as governance, complexity, collaborative governance, and sustainability. Thematic clusters indicate a continuous focus on collaborative governance, public policy, sustainable development, and climate change, highlighting the immediate relevance of current global challenges. Emerging topics, including the COVID-19 pandemic, green energy, and collaborative innovation, suggest a developing comprehension of the intricacies and urgency surrounding wicked problems. Furthermore, emerging concepts like super wicked problems, clumsy solutions, and joined-up government point to new paths for scholarly investigation, reflecting an adaptive response to modern global issues. Overall, the insights drawn from this bibliometric analysis provide a solid foundation for future research, offering valuable guidance for researchers and practitioners in formulating more holistic and effective approaches to address these urgent challenges.
Geospatial Technologies-based Priority Forest Restoration Areas Identification: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Teshager Zelalem , Soromessa Teshome
Published: February 2025

Forest resources have been declining due to various human activities, including agricultural expansion, selective logging, and overgrazing. To address this issue, restoration initiatives such as reforestation and afforestation have been introduced, with varying degrees of success. Site selection has emerged as a critical factor in determining the outcome of these initiatives. This review paper examines methods for identifying suitable restoration sites using remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS), and multi-criteria analysis (MCA), focusing on data sources, satellite imagery, and key criteria. A systematic review of 26 scientific research papers published between 1999 and 2022 was conducted. The analysis revealed that 81% of studies did not involve stakeholders in identifying priority areas for restoration, while 10% included only expert stakeholders. Approximately 70% of studies considered both ecological and socioeconomic criteria, with the remaining 30% focusing solely on ecological factors. Common ecological criteria included distance from existing forest patches, land use/land cover, slope, and proximity to water sources. Satellite imagery used for spatial data collection varied, with Landsat-7 (38.5%), SPOT (30.77%), Landsat-8 (19.23%), and IKONOS (11.54%) being the most frequently utilized. Datasets are mainly sourced from the United States Geological Survey (USGS) website, supplemented by additional open-source platform datasets. This review emphasizes the importance of a multidimensional approach to restoration, integrating ecological, socioeconomic, and political factors with advanced geospatial tools. The findings highlight the need for increased stakeholder involvement, utilization of open-source data, and adoption of holistic, inclusive planning methods to enhance the success of forest landscape restoration initiatives.
Constructo do desafio global da segurança do paciente “medicação sem danos” na pediatria
Authors: Valete Cristina Ortiz Sobrinho , Prado Mateus Araújo , Bruno Cristina Helena , Terra Mirelli Stephania de Oliveira Ramos , Ricieri Marinei campos
Published: February 2025

O objetivo deste estudo foi definir o constructo dos profissionais que atuam na unidade de internação pediátrica, acerca do Desafio Global da Segurança do Paciente (DGSP) “Medicação sem Danos”. Trata-se de estudo transversal e observacional, que incluiu 48 profissionais de saúde que atuam na pediatria de um hospital universitário localizado no estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Um questionário foi aplicado, que incluiu as características dos profissionais e os quatro domínios do DGSP: Profissionais, Medicamentos, Pacientes e público, Sistemas e práticas. Foi realizada análise fatorial, com rotação pelo método Varimax e calculado o valor do alfa de Cronbach. Os resultados revelaram mediana da idade dos profissionais de 39 anos, sendo 89,6% do sexo de nascimento feminino. Duas dimensões do constructo foram identificadas: (1) conferência, registro e informação; e (2) relatos dos pacientes e familiares, com alfa de Cronbach de 0.8598. Concluiu-se que os profissionais têm como relevante na pediatria, a informação dos pacientes e familiares, a conferência dos rótulos de soro, o entendimento dos relatos das crianças e dos familiares e a conferência do medicamento dispensado pela farmácia. O constructo não incluiu os domínios profissionais e medicamentos, podendo representar fragilidades no processo de medicação na enfermaria de pediatria estudada. Estas fragilidades referem-se a treinamento, falhas de comunicação, conhecimento sobre eventos adversos ocorridos anteriormente, discordância entre prescrição, rótulo e embalagem e permanência no leito de medicamentos que não estão em uso pelo paciente. A clareza das prescrições médicas também não foi incluída no constructo, sendo seu incremento outra importante oportunidade de melhoria.
A concretização dos direitos humanos através das políticas públicas: O direito à moradia e a discricionariedade administrativa municipal
Authors: La Flor Martiane Jaques , Gross Nicoli Francieli , Pietro Lorenzo Borges
Published: February 2025

O tema central desta pesquisa reside no debate sobre a importância das políticas públicas na concretização dos direitos humanos, com destaque ao direito à moradia. A investigação parte do seguinte problema: as normas sobre direitos humanos, em especial o direito fundamental à moradia, possuem aplicabilidade sem a interface com as políticas públicas municipais? Pretende-se com o presente estudo apresentar os conceitos envolvidos, estabelecer uma necessária relação entre a problemática da atuação administrativa municipal no processo de tomada de decisão no contexto das políticas públicas de direitos sociais. Esta análise se torna relevante para fins de concretização dos direitos fundamentais. O método é o analítico-hermenêutico, no qual, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, será feita a análise da problemática que guina este estudo. Conclui-se, a partir do exposto, que o estudo das políticas públicas no Direito é importante para materialização dos direitos formais, em especial o de moradia.
Evaluation of the Quality and Reliability of Youtube Videos on Pelvic Pain in Pregnancy
Authors: Ulgen Kiratlioglu Esra , Kiratlioglu Yusuf , Uran San Ayca
Published: February 2025

OBJECTIVES: Pelvic pain in pregnancy is a problem that cannot be underestimated. A growing number of people use social media to access health-related information. Like many people, pregnant women search YouTube for guidance on pelvic pain. However, the quality of the content of YouTube videos is controversial. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of medical information on videos considering pelvic pain in pregnancy shared on YouTube.
STUDY DEISING: In April 2024, this cross-sectional study was carried out with a search conducted on YouTube with “pelvic pain in pregnant women” and “pelvic pain in pregnancy” as keywords. From a total of 100 videos, following review and exclusion, the remaining 55 videos’ characteristics were recorded. The video's reliability was evaluated by the DISCERN questionnaire, quality by the Global Quality Scale, and content accuracy by The Journal of the American Medical Association Benchmark Scoring System.
RESULTS: A total of 100 videos were analyzed, and 55 were included. Regarding the video sources, 12 were uploaded by physicians, 23 by non-physician healthcare professionals, and 20 by nonprofessionals (fitness trainers, pilates instructors, influencers, and patients sharing their personal experiences). There were no significant differences (p>0.05) among video sources in terms of descriptive characteristics. Among all analyzed videos, only those uploaded by physicians and non-physician healthcare professionals were of high quality, accounting for 22% of the total. There was a positive correlation between the DISCERN questionnaire, The Journal of the American Medical Association Score, and Global Quality Scale scores. All three of these scores were significantly higher in the videos uploaded by physicians and non-physician healthcare professionals than those in the nonprofessional group.
CONCLUSION: On the whole, the majority of videos available on YouTube may be of poor quality. Health professionals should be aware that YouTube videos do not contain comprehensive, sufficient, up-to-date, and accurate information for patients.
PULSE SIGNAL AMPLITUDE RECOVERY METHODS IN CHANNELS WITH LIMITED DYNAMIC RANGE
Authors:   Penza State University, V. Chuvykin Boris , A. Dolgova Irina ,   Penza State University, V. Milovzorov Georgy ,   Izhevsk State Technical University named after M.T. Kalashnikov
Published: February 2025

Background. The relevance of the topic is determined by the increasing use of special-purpose sensor-converting equipment in information and measuring systems. The paper raises the problem of restoring pulsed information signals with amplitude distorted due to the limitation of the dynamic range. Materials and methods. To solve the problem, the methods of the mathematical apparatus of the theory of integer functions of exponential type, the theory of wavelets or mathematical models in the time domain were used. When applying these methods, the restoration of the distorted amplitude of pulsed information signals depending on the frequency-time properties of the signals is carried out at the stage of digital processing of the measuring signal by solving systems of linear equations. Results. Necessary and sufficient conditions for recovery of extreme values of amplitudes of pulse signals are considered, using measuring information of undistorted part of signal and a priori information on its frequency-time properties. Examples of recovery algorithms for three classes of measuring pulse signals are given. Conclusions. Analysis of the results of the conducted studies allows us to consider the use of the considered methods in information and measuring systems for solving problems of reducing amplitude distortions caused by a limited dynamic dipason.
Feiras de ciências no ensino médio: atuação dos professores no contexto da prática
Authors:   , Santos Keyvilane Fernandes dos
Published: February 2025

Em nosso trabalho analisamos como os docentes atuam a política de Iniciação científica de alunos do ensino médio voltada para as Feiras de Ciências. Discutimos as significações das Feiras de Ciências a partir do olhar dos professores, buscando perceber como a política educacional proposta pelos agentes locais é atuada (enactement) em duas escolas da rede pública estadual de ensino médio, situadas no município de Mossoró, Estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Utilizamos como referencial teórico-metodológico a abordagem do ciclo de políticas de Ball e Bowe (1992) e a teoria da atuação de Ball (2016), nos possibilitando entrelaçar diversas possibilidades performáticas presentes nas Feiras de Ciências, dadas as disputas, resistências, acomodações e criações docentes no contexto da prática. Para a realização do estudo, realizamos pesquisa qualitativa, cujos instrumentos foram a revisão de literatura, análise documental e entrevista semiestruturada. Concluímos, ainda que de maneira contingente e provisória, que a atuação docente nas Feiras de Ciências é “multiperformática”, comportando fabricações, adaptações, resistências, abstenções e criações da política relacionadas aos contextos situados das escolas, defesa das demandas disciplinares e interesses profissionais de cada professor
Waging the class struggle in theory and practice: An Interview with Peter McLaren
Authors: Ford Derek R
Published: February 2025

The following Peace, Land, and Bread exclusive interview with revolutionary educator and organizer Peter McLaren was conducted by Derek Ford, his comrade and former student, over e-mail in late 2022-early 2023, after McLaren read Ford's latest book and wrote a review of it for Monthly Review. We felt it was an important opportunity to expose a new generation and cohort of communists to McLaren's life and work. In it, they cover a wide range of intellectual and political topics and events, showcasing the brilliant way McLaren's praxis plays out.Peter McLaren is a renowned theorist, educator, and organizer, who is one of the main Marxist educational theorists in the world today, as is evidenced by the interview below. McLaren serves as a Distinguished Professor in Critical Studies in the Attallah College of Educational Studies, Chapman University, where he is Co-Director of the Paulo Freire Democratic Project and International Ambassador for Global Ethics and Social Justice. In 2005, a group of scholars and activists in Northern Mexico established La Fundacion McLaren de Pedagogía Critica to develop a knowledge of McLaren's work throughout Mexico and to promote projects in critical pedagogy and popular education. On September 15, 2006 the Catedra Peter McLaren was inaugurated at the Bolivarian University of Venezuela.McLaren served as a member of Derek Ford's dissertation committee in 2015 and has, since then, supported his work and the work of a new generation of revolutionary educators.
Revolutionizing Drug Development: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical Sciences
Authors: Roy Samaresh Pal , Kadiri Sunil Kumar , Bhowmik Suchismita , Patel Vimal , Deb Lokesh , Tiwari Prashant
Published: February 2025

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in pharmaceutical sciences marks a signifi-cant milestone in the field of drug discovery and development, presenting unique prospects for crea-tivity and productivity. This review article delves into the significant impact of AI on contemporary pharmaceutical practices, highlighting its incorporation in different phases of drug discovery and personalized medicine. Our goal is to offer a thorough analysis of the current landscape of AI appli-cations in the field, outline the extent of recent progress, and explore the obstacles and potential future paths for AI technologies. Significant advancements have been made in the drug development pro-cess, resulting in cost reduction and improved drug efficacy and safety profiling. In order to fully harness its potential, the various obstacles involved in the integration of AI must be overcome. These include ensuring the quality of data, navigating through regulatory requirements, and addressing eth-ical considerations. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of AI techniques, discussing the strengths and limitations of current technologies and identifying emerging trends that could poten-tially shape future pharmaceutical landscapes. Exploring the far-reaching effects of AI on healthcare, economics, and ethics, this analysis offers valuable insights into the potential of AI-driven strategies to revolutionize healthcare, making it more individualized and efficient. In the end, this review seeks to provide guidance to stakeholders in understanding the intricacies of AI in pharmaceutical sciences and utilizing its potential to improve patient outcomes.
Future Study of Factors Affecting Economic Poverty in Iran 2043: A Threat to Health
Authors: Faryabi Reza , Bordbar Shima , Amiri Mohammad Moqaddasi , Yusefi Ali Reza
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Economic poverty is a fundamental challenge in many countries, significantly impacting human societies. Identifying and analyzing the numerous factors contributing to poverty is a practical approach to reducing its burden. Policymakers, equipped with knowledge of potential future scenarios, can formulate effective strategies and policies for various contingencies. This study uses a scenario-based planning approach to explore the factors influencing economic poverty in Iran by 2043.

Methods

The study was conducted in two phases. Phase one involved a comprehensive review to identify factors contributing to poverty. Phase two focused on determining key driving factors and forces, followed by the formulation of compatible scenarios through the analysis of mutual interactions and potential states of these factors. Data analysis and scenario creation were facilitated using MICMAC and Scenario Wizard software.

Results

In the first phase, 35 factors contributing to economic poverty were identified and categorized into micro-level (15 factors) and macro-level (20 factors). In the second phase, experts identified 11 key driving factors. Additionally, by analyzing the balanced mutual effects and employing MICMAC and Scenario Wizard software, six compatible scenarios were developed. These scenarios ranged from unfavorable trends exacerbating poverty to maintaining the status quo and favorable trends under existing sanctions.

Conclusion

According to the scenarios of the first group with a high probability of occurrence, nine factors (mismanagement, sanctions, conflict and war, low level or lack of education, accidents, and natural disasters, lack of jobs and sources of income, financial corruption, lack of growth and economic development and lack of support from the government and supporting institutions) of the 11 final factors affecting poverty in Iran 2043 will have an unfavorable situation. Therefore, poverty alleviation planning and policy-making to cover the existing deficiencies are suggested by focusing on these nine factors.
Recent Advances in The Chemistry of Oxadiazepine Derivatives: A Significant Leap in Synthetic Heterocycles and Biological Activity
Authors: Abu-Hashem Ameen A. , Hakami Othman , Amri Nasser , Mukhrish Yousef E. , Abdelgawad Ahmed A. M. , Yousif Mahmoud N. M.
Published: February 2025

The oxadiazepine moiety and its derivatives are crucial in developing new drugs. Combined
with various compounds such as phthalazine, imidazole, pyrazole, indole, benzofuran, and
thiazolopyrimidine, they exhibit beneficial biological properties. Recent studies have made significant
progress in synthesizing oxadiazepine derivatives, enhancing our understanding of their potential
medicinal applications. This review offers a comprehensive overview of these advancements,
detailing the synthesis of various oxadiazepine derivatives and the chemical reactions involved.
Here are some examples of the compounds discussed in this review: 3,6-di-nitro-1,3,6-
oxadiazepane; 1,3,6-oxadiazepinodiphthalazine; 6-(1,3,6-oxadiazepane)-glycyl-L-alanine; benzoimidazo-
1,3,6-oxadiazepine; azepino[1,2-c][1,3,6]oxadiazepine; dipyrazolo-1,3,6-oxadiazepine;
sub-1,3,6-oxadiazepine-diindole; benzooxazino[3,4-b]benzo[5,6][1,4] oxazino[4,3-f][1,3,6]-
oxadiazepine-6,8-diol and 2-(2-chloroethyl)-11-methyl-1,3,6-oxadiazepino[3,4-a]indole derivatives.
These compounds are created through chemical reactions such as alkylation, condensation,
cyclization, coupling, substitution, oxidation, reduction, multi-component reactions, intramolecular
Mannich bases, and hydrolysis. Considering the significant biological activity of oxadiazepine derivatives,
which are found in certain drugs such as staurosporine, these synthetic methods facilitate
the efficient production of these compounds, thus encouraging further research into their potential
pharmaceutical applications.
Development of Biscuits Enriched with Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia L.): Acceptability Test and Its Effect on Blood Glucose Level
Authors: Putri Ayuning Rica , Astari Rahmadaniar Dewi , Rahmawaty Setyaningrum
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Biscuits are popular snacks consumed by all age groups throughout the world. However, they are generally rich in energy and high glycemic index. Regular consumption of biscuits is associated with an increased risk of obesity and type-2 diabetes mellitus. Momordica charantia L., also known as bitter melon, has a hypoglycemic effect; adding it into biscuits may counter the glycemic index of biscuits, thereby keeping the blood glucose level of biscuits consumers normal.

Objectives:

The aims of this study were to formulate bitter melon (BM) enriched biscuits and test their acceptability and effect on blood glucose levels (BGL).

Methods:

The study consisted of 3 stages, including BM biscuits formulation and production, an acceptability test via 30 trained panelists, followed by an experimental stage using pre- and post-test-controlled randomized group design on healthy Wistar rats (Rattus Norvegicus) to test the effect of BM biscuits on BGL.

Results:

The biscuits were made using 0.5% bitter melon flour and 99.5% wheat flour. The BM biscuits were graded as acceptable by 93.3% of the panelists, most of whom rated them with “rather like” for their color and taste. A significant decrease in the BGL was found in after 30 days of the BM biscuits intervention (mean±SD=-9.71±1.15 mg/dL, p=0.01) in healthy Wistar rats; conversely, a significant increase in the BGL was found in the control group.

Conclusion:

Biscuits enriched with bitter melon flour could be used as an alternative to low glycemic snacks without increasing blood glucose level of healthy Wistar rats.
The Construction of the Subjectivity of Chinese Culture in the Context of Generative Artificial Intelligence: Opportunities, Risks, and Responses
Authors: Zhou Bin , Tian Chuhan
Published: February 2025

The rapid development of technology is driving the continuous progress of artificial intelligence, with generative AI models like ChatGPT emerging as one of the most innovative and explosive technological forms of the 21st century. The application of this new technology in the cultural field is gradually revealing its enormous potential and value, offering new opportunities for the construction of Chinese cultural subjectivity. Its content generation helps break information monopolies, deepening and strengthening the construction of Chinese cultural subjectivity; its dissemination methods help break echo chambers, enhancing the effectiveness and warmth of cultural subjectivity construction; and its access routes are beneficial in bridging the information gap, expanding the breadth and accuracy of Chinese cultural subjectivity construction. However, the inherent characteristics of generative AI technology and its practical applications also pose various potential risks. Algorithmic bias can increase the difficulty of constructing Chinese cultural subjectivity, cultural hegemony can diminish the core influence of Chinese cultural subjectivity, and profit-driven motives can lead to an imbalance in the construction process. Therefore, it is crucial to actively explore appropriate ways to regulate these risks through optimizing algorithm design, strengthening value guidance, and improving institutional frameworks, so as to assist in the construction of modern Chinese civilization.
Using Metadata to Promote Transparency in Health Research
Authors: Chenoweth Megan , Kubale John
Published: February 2025

Data sharing is a key strategy for fostering transparency, reproducibility, and trust in scientific research. Data sharing is endorsed and even required by many funders, such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in the United States. However, many NIH-funded projects face obstacles to data sharing, either to protect research participants’ privacy, safeguard proprietary data, or remain compliant with data use agreements. Yet event researchers who cannot openly share data still benefit from openness and transparency into one another’s work, and to making their own research more transparent where possible.
The Social, Behavioral, and Economic COVID Coordinating Center at ICPSR (SBE CCC) has launched a new archive aimed at addressing these challenges within the domain of social, behavioral, and economic (SBE) research into the COVID-19 pandemic. In September 2023, SBE CCC launched the COVID measures archive with the dual goals of a) offering researchers the ability to compare measures across SBE studies of COVID while b) protecting contributors’ needs for privacy and confidentiality in health research. The COVID measures archive primarily holds variable-level metadata, which provides visibility into the individual variables and measures employed in studies without necessitating the sharing of confidential or restricted data.
This brief report describes the features of the COVID measures archive and illustrates how it can be used to foster transparency and consistency across SBE COVID studies.
ПЛАНИРОВАНИЕ РАЗВИТИЯ ОТРАСЛИ И ВЫСТРАИВАНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНЫХ КООПЕРАЦИОННЫХ ЦЕПОЧЕК – ТРУДОЕМКАЯ РАБОТА, ОТ КОТОРОЙ ЗАВИСИТ БУДУЩЕЕ СТРАНЫ
Authors: Вакштейн М.С.
Published: February 2025

Фонд перспективных исследований (ФПИ) – квалифицированный заказчик,
поддерживающий высокорисковые научные исследования и разработки
в интересах обороны страны и безопасности государства, в том числе
в области электроники. Но у ФПИ есть и другая роль: на его базе действует
Комитет по научно-технологическому и инфраструктурному развитию Совета
по развитию электронной промышленности (далее – Комитет), который, в частности,
вырабатывает рекомендации по поддержке Минпромторгом России работ в сфере электроники с точки зрения их актуальности и востребованности. С прошлого года реализуется новый подход в деятельности рабочих групп Комитета. О том, в чем заключаются эти изменения, на решение каких задач они направлены, а также в целом о деятельности Комитета и фонда мы поговорили с генеральным директором
ФПИ Максимом Сергеевичем Вакштейном.
СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТОДЫ УДАЛЕНИЯ ЗАГРЯЗНЕНИЙ С ПОДЛОЖЕК В МИКРОЭЛЕКТРОНИКЕ
Authors: Леляев В.
Published: February 2025

В процессе изготовления полупроводниковых приборов сегодня важнейшим этапом является подготовка и очистка поверхности подложек. Она необходима для обеспечения качественного и однородного процесса монтажа кристаллов или ультразвуковой микросварки, а также для предотвращения возможных дефектов в устройствах. В статье обсуждаются методы жидкостной и сухой очистки полупроводниковых подложек, особенности технологического процесса и применяемого оборудования.
ОБОРУДОВАНИЕ И МЕТОДЫ МОНТАЖА ПОЛУПРОВОДНИКОВЫХ КРИСТАЛЛОВ
Authors: Мандрик И. , Новожилов И.
Published: February 2025

Монтаж кристаллов интегральных схем (ИС) является одним
из ключевых этапов сборки полупроводниковых устройств (ППУ).
Соединение кристалла ИС с основанием корпуса ППУ должно
обеспечивать заданную механическую прочность, отвод тепла,
стойкость к ударам и вибрациям. Применение специализированного
оборудования для присоединения и пайки кристаллов имеет решающее
значение для обеспечения производительности и качества процесса.
В данной статье рассмотрено оборудование для высокоточного монтажа
полупроводниковых кристаллов и предъявляемые к нему требования,
а также приведена информация о различных методах монтажа кристаллов.
Interacción de los exilios en América Latina y el Caribe (siglo XX)
Authors: Martínez Acosta Hugo , Velázquez Hernández Aurelio , Sola Ayape Carlos , Vázquez Trejo Adela , Andújar De Jesús Eusebio , Alfonseca Giner de los Ríos Juan , Ojeda Revah Mario , Straka Tomás , Naumis Peña Catalina , Quero Gaime Morgan , Santana Adalberto
Published: February 2025

Análisis sobre el fenómeno político-cultural del exilio en los países latinoamericanos durante los movimientos democráticos y progresistas de los siglos XIX y XX. Así mismo trata de explicar el aporte de la migración forzada y del transterrado que forjó nuevas consciencias e identidades políticas y culturales en diversos países de Latinoamérica.
Horizontes latinoamericanos: pasado y presente
Authors: Díaz Carrasco Marianela , Guerrero Guerrero Ana Luisa , Bacallao-Pino Lázaro M. , Mora Martínez Roberto , Pastor Rodríguez María de los Ángeles , Limón Olvera Silvia , Soriano Hernández Silvia , Morales Gómez Claudia Abigail , Ojeda Revah Mario , Cerutti Guldberg Horacio , Santana Adalberto , López Portillo T Felícitas , Ballesteros Páez María Dolores , Díaz-Tendero Aída , Gouveia Regiane , Pulido Herráez Begoña
Published: February 2025

América Latina y el Caribe ofrecen diversos horizontes que, al estudiarlos, brindan una lectura certera de su condición histórico-cultural, para lograr su comprensión es necesario reflexionar sus procesos y sus interacciones. Horizontes latinoamericanos: pasado y presente compila quise colaboraciones distribuidas en cinco apartados que proponen lecturas de la complejidad Latinoamericana y caribeña. Sus enfoques son diversos como es la realidad misma. Estas aportaciones, se presentaron en el XX Coloquio de Investigación "Horizontes latinoamericanos y caribeños", que se organizó en el Centro de Investigaciones sobre América Latina y el Caribe.
Exploring the dynamics of interaction about generative artificial intelligence between experts and the public on social media
Authors: Hara Noriko , Kim Eugene , Akter Shohana , Miyazaki Kunihiro
Published: February 2025

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) greatly attracts the public's interest; thus, this research investigates discussions between experts and members of the public about this new technology on social media. Using computational and manual analysis of X (formerly Twitter) data, we investigated discussion topics, the roles discussants — including both experts and public — play, and the differences between experts' posts and the public's replies. Moreover, we examined the dynamics between the discussants' roles and social media engagement measures. We found that the public is not only actively contributing to the discussion of GenAI on X, but also becoming knowledge co-producers alongside experts in the sphere.
Minimising surface-code failures using a color-code decoder
Authors: Benhemou Asmae , Sahay Kaavya , Lao Lingling , Brown Benjamin J.
Published: February 2025

The development of practical, high-performance decoding algorithms reduces the resource cost of fault-tolerant quantum computing. Here we propose a decoder for the surface code that finds low-weight correction operators for errors produced by the depolarising noise model. The decoder is obtained by mapping the syndrome of the surface code onto that of the color code, thereby allowing us to adopt more sophisticated color-code decoding algorithms. Analytical arguments and exhaustive testing show that the resulting decoder can find a least-weight correction for all weight d/2 depolarising errors for even code distance d. This improves the logical error rate by an exponential factor O(2d/2) compared with decoders that treat bit-flip and dephasing errors separately. We demonstrate this improvement with analytical arguments and supporting numerical simulations at low error rates. Of independent interest, we also demonstrate an exponential improvement in logical error rate for our decoder used to correct independent and identically distributed bit-flip errors affecting the color code compared with more conventional color-code decoding algorithms.
Beneficios de la musicoterapia como estrategia en el aprendizaje de los niños en la primera infancia
Authors: Benavides Suárez María Isabel , Caro Ramírez Carmen Yicet
Published: February 2025

Para iniciar trabajos relacionados con la primera infancia conviene seleccionar las estrategias que favorezcan efectivamente el desarrollo y el bienestar de los infantes, en tal sentido en este artículo se comparte algunos beneficios inferidos en lecturas especializadas en la temática. La musicoterapia como estrategia de aprendizaje en el proceso educativo- pedagógico la en la primera infancia consiste en usar la música como herramienta para contribuir en el aprendizaje y desarrollo, a través del desarrollo cognitivo, emocional y social de los estudiantes, lo que, a su vez, mejora su capacidad de aprender y adquirir información. El Objetivo del artículo es presentar una reflexión sobre los beneficios de la musicoterapia como estrategia de aprendizaje en la primera infancia. La metodología se desarrolla desde el racionalismo la investigación documental, utilizando como técnica la lectura de bibliografía para argumentar los beneficios de la musicoterapia como estrategia en el aprendizaje. Entre las limitaciones encontrada se presentó la asociada con la musicoterapia como estrategia pedagógica ya que no existe un consenso sobre la denominación. Como reflexión final se concluye que la musicoterapia como estrategia de aprendizaje mejora la atención y concentración, desarrolla habilidades sociales, fomenta la creatividad y la expresión personal, así como también estimula mayor participación en el aula.
Desarrollo de una ruta para la gestión del conocimiento en lengua inglesa en el Centro Virtual de Escritura, Lenguaje y Expresión de la UNAD
Authors: Londoño Alape Edwin Andres
Published: February 2025

El Centro Virtual de Escritura, Lenguaje y Expresión - CVELE, como nodo de conocimiento, busca disponer de espacios de inmersión para el aprendizaje, práctica y uso del inglés con fines de gestionar conocimiento y potenciar los procesos de aprendizaje hacia la producción de conocimiento. El desarrollo de una ruta para la gestión del conocimiento es un proyecto investigativo cuyo objetivo principal es implementar una línea de acción que gestione recursos, servicios, eventos y proyectos que aborden estas problemáticas. El proceso se desarrolló siguiendo una investigación con enfoque holístico, cuya ejecución se da por medio de fases de exploración, comparación, descripción, interacción, proyección, evaluación, entre otras, que se dan de manera interrelacionada. Se abordó una muestra de 92 centros de escritura y relacionados para un análisis comparativo y 1092 estudiantes y docentes para conocer sus intereses y necesidades, por medio de cuestionarios, matrices y entrevistas. Esta información permitió el diseño de una ruta compuesta por tres categorías principales: recursos educativos, servicios académicos y educativos y gestión y socialización del conocimiento, lo cual permitió responder al interrogante sobre cómo gestionar el conocimiento en inglés en el CVELE para beneficio de la comunidad unadista. La ruta es presentada en un portal web y se encuentra actualmente en etapa de implementación y monitoreo.
Deep Learning y la arquitectura Transformer: Evaluación del Desempeño de RoBERTa-large-bne en la Predicción de la Complejidad Léxica en Textos Estatales Ecuatorianos
Authors:   Universidad de Jaén Spain, Ortiz Zambrano Jenny Alexandra
Published: February 2025

En el ámbito de las instituciones públicas, la accesibilidad y comprensión de los documentos gubernamentales suelen verse afectadas por la complejidad léxica y el uso de lenguaje técnico especializado. Este problema impacta tanto a ciudadanos como a funcionarios, generando malentendidos que pueden reducir la transparencia y dificultar la participación ciudadana. En este estudio, se analiza el desempeño del modelo RoBERTa-large-bne, basado en la arquitectura Transformer, en la predicción de la complejidad léxica en textos estatales ecuatorianos. Para ello, se implementó un ajuste fino del modelo con el fin de optimizar su rendimiento en esta tarea específica. Se llevó a cabo una evaluación comparativa con otros modelos de lenguaje pre-entrenados aplicados en el corpus GovAIEc, cuyos textos corresponden a instituciones estatales del Ecuador. Los resultados obtenidos buscan sentar las bases para el desarrollo de herramientas que faciliten la simplificación de documentos públicos, mejorando su accesibilidad y promoviendo una interacción más eficiente entre la ciudadanía y las instituciones gubernamentales.
ideia do bem no debate entre comunitarismo e liberalismo
Authors: Jung João Henrique Salles
Published: February 2025

A intenção deste trabalho é reconstruir a
ideia do bem
em Hegel, a partir das perspectivas da Lógica e do Espírito, a fim de contribuir com o debate ético-político realizado entre comunitaristas e liberais. O argumento central deste artigo é o de que a lógica hegeliana deve ser considerada como elemento essencial da fundamentação ética em Hegel; na maior parte das vezes se observa uma ética alicerçada unicamente na filosofia do espírito. Logo, é necessário o conjunto espírito-lógico para compreender a totalidade da ideia do bem na obra do filósofo. Assim será vislumbrada a ética em Hegel como contraste à fundamentação formalista kantiana, largamente utilizada pelos liberais na busca de um universalismo moral.
Legal and Constitutional Analysis of Federal Court Decision No. 230/Federal/2022: Regarding Marriage to Second Wife in the Province of Kurdistan
Authors: Baram Sadi Hassan
Published: February 2025

The Federal Court of Iraq issued Decision No. 230/Federal/2022, declaring the unconstitutionality of Article 12 of Law No. 15 of 2008, which grants the first wife the right to request a divorce if the husband marries a second wife. This article, enacted in the Kurdistan Region, was deemed to violate Islamic law and Article 2(a) of the 2005 Iraqi Constitution, which prohibits laws conflicting with the principles of Islam. The decision left behind a heated debate in the courts of the region between working with the article that the court cancelled or adhering to the court’s decision as the competent authority to interpret legal texts and resolve controversial issues. This study aims to examine the legal basis supporting the Federal Court’s decision with legal articles in force in the current Iraqi Personal Status Law, highlight the conflicts in the Kurdistan Region’s legal amendments, and address the decision’s strengths and shortcomings. Utilizing an analytical method, the study reviews and interprets relevant legal texts within the context of Iraqi Personal Status Law. the court, regardless of its supervisory authority, in addition to the justifications mentioned for the cancellation of Article 18 in the Kurdistan Region, is not infallible from shortcomings and observations; because it opposed in its decision what some sects have gone to, and deprived the wife of the right to demand separation under the pretext of violating the texts of the constitution and Islamic law. The study proved that the condition is not contrary to Islamic law as decided by the court; because it is a subject of disagreement among scholars, and it is also not considered contrary to the constants of Islamic rulings as stated in the decision of the Federal Court, because there is no jurisprudential consensus on such constants.
Toxicological evaluation and in vitro assessment of antioxidant and anticholinesterase properties of Andrographis paniculata extract
Authors: Adedayo Bukola C. , Jesubowale Oluwapelumi S. , Adebayo Adeniyi A. , Oboh Ganiyu
Published: February 2025

Andrographis paniculata is a plant herb that is used to treat various disease conditions because of its medicinal properties. This study sought to assess the antioxidant potentials of A. paniculata in vitro and evaluate its toxicological effects Wistar albino rats. Aqueous extract of A. paniculate, on which the following antioxidant assays, azino-bis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonate radical (ABTS*), 1, 1-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH*), hydroxyl radical (OH*), ferric reducing antioxidant property (FRAP) and Fe2+ chelation were carried out, was prepared. For the toxicological study, the extract was administered orally for 14 days at different doses of 5, 50, 500, and 2000 mg/kg body weight. Afterwards, the liver function markers [aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), albumin (ALB), total and direct bilirubin], as well as kidney function markers [creatinine, urea, and uric acid] were evaluated. Results obtained from this study showed that A. paniculata extract possess antioxidant activities in vitro and also revealed that the plant extract is safe at the various doses administered as there was no record of death or any observable sign of skin pathology and also possess antioxidant properties. Therefore, aqueous extract of A. paniculata is non-toxic and could be used for medicinal and therapeutic purposes.
Physicochemical properties and toxicity of soluble polypyrrole: A study of its potential for biomedical applications
Authors: Alves Ana Paula Pereira , de Moraes Peixoto Rodolfo , de Faria Silva Souza Renata , de Oliveira Helinando Pequeno , da Silva Júnior Fernando Antônio Gomes , Lima Kátia Simoni Bezerra , de Almeida Cynthia Layse Ferreira , de Lima Ricardo Santana , Araújo Larissa Rolim , do Monte Alane Pains Oliveira , Amariz Isabela Araujo E , Alves Valéria Pereira , da Silva Rodrigues João Paulo , da Costa Mateus Matiuzzi
Published: February 2025

Polypyrrole is one of the most promising polymers for biomedical applications, and its low solubility in most common solvents led to the development of soluble forms of this conducting polymer. In this study, the physicochemical properties and the in vivo toxicity of soluble polypyrrole were evaluated, aiming to validate its potential for biomedical applications. The pH, density, and miscibility in different solvents were determined in two soluble polypyrrole samples synthesized on different dates. Two nonclinical studies on the toxicity of soluble polypyrrole were conducted with Swiss mice distributed into groups according to the dose administered. The single-dose toxicity study (acute toxicity) consisted of a single intraperitoneal application of a soluble polypyrrole solution at the doses of 500 and 1,000 mg/kg, followed by observation during 14 days. The repeated-dose toxicity study lasted for 28 days with daily intraperitoneal applications of the soluble polypyrrole solution, at the doses of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg. Parameters such as mortality, behavioral screening, water and ration intake, body mass evolution, organ indices, and the macroscopic evaluation of the organs were observed in both studies. Additionally, hematological and histopathological analyses were performed in the repeated-dose toxicity study. In the acute toxicity study, no mortality was verified during the 14 days of observation at any of the doses tested, indicating that soluble polypyrrole has an LD50>1,000 mg/kg. The main alterations observed in the repeated-dose toxicity study involved the liver changes, such as in the increase of its relative weight, the presence of necrosis, and granulomatous inflammation. Considering the high doses administered and the time of application, the results indicate low toxicity of soluble polypyrrole when administered by the intraperitoneal route.
Dramaturgic Function of Tonality in the Context of Social Interactions
Authors:   Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Beloshitskaya N.
Published: February 2025

Tonality as a modal-characterizing dimension of discourse is identified as a mechanism of control and management of understanding in the process of social interaction. Such categories as speech situation, speech event, communicative behavior, and social context are in the focus of attention. The research draws on E.Goffman’s sociodramaturgical approach, D.Hymes’ ethnography of communication, and Andrey V. Olyanich’s presentational theory of discourse. The tonality of communication is understood as the key to understanding the message in the con­text of culturally determined social interactions. The commu­nicative behavior of the subject of discourse is conditioned, among other factors, by a set of implicit assumptions specific to this particular community. Vladim I. Karasik, for example, singles out consolidating and agonal implicatures as culturally conditioned implicit expression of meaning. Implicatures as components of meaning are realized by the tonality. Tonality, thus, per­forms the dramaturgical function of communication within speech situations and acts as a manifestation of presuppositions.
Medical Metaphor in Media Political Discourse (based on the English Language)
Authors:   Pskov State University, Korenetskaya I.
Published: February 2025

This article explores medical vocabulary, which forms the metaphorical system of modern political media discourse. The purpose of the study is to establish the specifics of functioning of medical metaphors in the English-language political discourse of the media and their role in the formation and representation of the image of the world. The research material was newspaper texts from the Internet publications “CNN”, “Global Times”, “The Economist”, “CGTN”, etc. The research methods were the following: continuous sampling method, semantic method, stylistic method analysis and discourse analysis, descriptive methods of systemic analysis of linguistic phenomena, component analysis of lexical meaning. This study makes an attempt to classify med­ical metaphors in media discourse into several semantic groups. It has been revealed that medical vocabulary is an essential basis for the formation of political metaphors. The results of the study confirm the active use of the medical metaphor in political dis­course, where it acts as a powerful communication tool emphasizing the role of government, highlighting social problems and helping to influence public opinion. The research findings con­firm the active usage of medical metaphor in political discourse, where it serves as a powerful communicative tool, addressing social issues, and influencing public opinion.