bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dopamine neuron degeneration in the Ventral Tegmental Area causes hippocampal hyperexcitability in experimental Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Spoleti Elena , La Barbera Livia , Cauzzi Emma , De Paolis Maria Luisa , Saba Luana , Marino Ramona , Sciamanna Giuseppe , Di Lazzaro Vincenzo , Keller Flavio , Nobili Annalisa , Krashia Paraskevi , D’Amelio Marcello
Published: January 2024

Early and progressive dysfunctions of the dopaminergic system from the Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) have been described in Alzheimer’s Disease (AD). During the long pre-symptomatic phase, alterations in the function of Parvalbumin interneurons (PV-INs) are also observed, resulting in cortical hyperexcitability represented by subclinical epilepsy and aberrant gamma-oscillations. However, it is unknown whether the dopaminergic deficits contribute to brain hyperexcitability in AD. Here, using the Tg2576 mouse model of AD, we prove that reduced hippocampal dopaminergic innervation, due to VTA dopamine neuron degeneration, impairs PV-IN firing and gamma-waves, weakens the inhibition of pyramidal neurons and induces hippocampal hyperexcitability via lower D2-receptor-mediated activation of the CREB-pathway. These alterations coincide with reduced PV-IN numbers and Perineuronal Net density. Importantly, L-DOPA and the selective D2-receptor agonist quinpirole rescue p-CREB levels and improve the PV-IN-mediated inhibition, thus reducing hyperexcitability. Moreover, similarly to quinpirole, sumanirole – another D2-receptor agonist and a known anticonvulsant – not only increases p-CREB levels in PV-INs but also restores gamma-oscillations in Tg2576 mice. Conversely, blocking the dopaminergic transmission with sulpiride (a D2-like receptor antagonist) in WT mice reduces p-CREB levels in PV-INs, mimicking what occurs in Tg2576. Overall, these findings support the hypothesis that the VTA dopaminergic system integrity plays a key role in hippocampal PV-IN function and survival, disclosing a relevant contribution of the reduced dopaminergic tone to aberrant gamma-waves, hippocampal hyperexcitability and epileptiform activity in early AD.
GSTM3 enhances radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by promoting radiation-induced ferroptosis through USP14/FASN axis and GPX4
Authors: Chen Yuting , Feng Yuanyuan , Lin Yanling , Zhou Xiaohan , Wang Lingzhi , Zhou Yingtong , Lin Kefan , Cai Longmei
Published: January 2024

Background

Radiotherapy is a critical treatment modality for nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, the mechanisms underlying radiation resistance and tumour recurrence in NPC remain incompletely understood.

Methods

Oxidised lipids were assessed through targeted metabolomics. Ferroptosis levels were evaluated using cell viability, clonogenic survival, lipid peroxidation, and transmission electron microscopy. We investigated the biological functions of glutathione S-transferase mu 3 (GSTM3) in cell lines and xenograft tumours. Co-immunoprecipitation, mass spectrometry, and immunofluorescence were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms involving GSTM3. Immunohistochemistry was performed to investigate the clinical characteristics of GSTM3.

Results

Ionising radiation (IR) promoted lipid peroxidation and induced ferroptosis in NPC cells. GSTM3 was upregulated following IR exposure and correlated with IR-induced ferroptosis, enhancing NPC radiosensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, GSTM3 stabilised ubiquitin-specific peptidase 14 (USP14), thereby inhibiting the ubiquitination and subsequent degradation of fatty acid synthase (FASN). Additionally, GSTM3 interacted with glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and suppressed GPX4 expression. Combining IR treatment with ferroptosis inducers synergistically improved NPC radiosensitivity and suppressed tumour growth. Notably, a decrease in GSTM3 abundance predicted tumour relapse and poor prognosis.

Conclusions

Our findings elucidate the pivotal role of GSTM3 in IR-induced ferroptosis, offering strategies for the treatment of radiation-resistant or recurrent NPC.
Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors do not prevent curvature progression but shorten pain duration in the active phase of Peyronie’s Disease: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Durukan Emil , Kraglund Rune , Rashid Shad Azad , Thorkilgaard Tine , Jensen Christian Fuglesang Skjødt , Fode Mikkel
Published: January 2024

Treatment with Phosphodiesterase Type 5 inhibitors (PDE5is) has shown promise in managing Peyronie’s disease (PD) during its active phase. In a retrospective cohort study of 133 PD patients, we compared daily PDE5i treatment (sildenafil 25 mg or tadalafil 5 mg) in Group 1 (n = 101) to no treatment in Group 2 (n = 32). The mean age ± SD was 58.5 ± 10, (range: 29-77) years in Group 1 and 59 ± 13.7 years (range: 23-80) in Group 2 (p = 0.5). Mean symptom onset-to-visit time was 10.6 ± 7.2 months (range: 1-37) in Group 1 and 11 ± 6.3 months (range 3-27) in Group 2 (p = 0.5). Mean penile curvature change was +0.87° (95% CI: -1.8, 3.5) in Group 1 and +5.72° (95% CI: 1.4, 10) in Group 2 (p = 0.07) between first and last observations. Group 1 experienced shorter mean pain duration (9.1 ± 4.7 months, range: 2.5-24) than Group 2 (12.2 ± 6.5 months, range: 5-28) (p = 0.04). When controlling for baseline curvature and symptom onset-to-visit time, there were no differences between groups (-4.7, 95% CI: -10, 0.6) (p = 0.08). In conclusion, continuous PDE5i treatment did not affect PD curvature progression but showed a promising effect on pain.
Creativity development of tourism villages in Bandung Regency, Indonesia: co-creating sustainability and urban resilience
Authors: Buchari Rd Ahmad , Abdillah Abdillah , Widianingsih Ida , Nurasa Heru
Published: January 2024

This study aims to explore the interactions between the government, the tourism industry, universities, media, society, and the environment in the management and utilization of tourist villages in Bandung Regency, Indonesia. The research employed a qualitative-explorative method with a case study approach. Research analysis was assisted by the Nvivo 12 Plus qualitative analysis tool. The result's findings show that tourist villages require coordinated efforts from the government, tourism sector, universities, media, local communities, and the environment because in our opinion the environment/nature cannot only be viewed as an object but must rather be aligned with other important sectors in development programs. This connection may at the very least provide a means of enhancing the management of tourism villages and achieving sustainability and resilience. The contribution of this research provides insight into the process of developing creative tourism villages in realizing sustainability and resilience through tourism villages that pay attention to economic, social, infrastructure, and environmental dimensions.
Mechanisms of 5-HT receptor antagonists in the regulation of fibrosis in a 3D human liver spheroid model
Authors: Redenšek Trampuž Sara , van Riet Sander , Nordling Åsa , Ingelman-Sundberg Magnus
Published: January 2024

Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is a major health problem leading to liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, among other diseases, and for which there is still no approved drug treatment. Previous studies in animal models and in LX-2 cells have indicated a role for serotonin (5-HT) and 5-HT receptors in stellate cell activation and the development of NASH. In the current study, we investigated the extent to which these findings are applicable to a human NASH in vitro model consisting of human liver spheroids containing hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells. Treatment of the spheroids with 5-HT or free fatty acids (FFA) induced fibrosis, whereas treatment of the spheroids with the 5-HT receptor antagonists ketanserin, pimavanserin, sarpogrelate, and SB269970 inhibited FFA-induced fibrosis via a reduction in stellate cell activation as determined by the expression of vimentin, TGF-β1 and COL1A1 production. siRNA-based silencing of 5-HT2A receptor expression reduced the anti-fibrotic properties of ketanserin, suggesting a role for 5-HT receptors in general and 5-HT2A receptors in particular in the FFA-mediated increase in fibrosis in the human liver spheroid model. The results suggest a contribution of the 5-HT receptors in the development of FFA-induced human liver fibrosis with implications for further efforts in drug development.
Properties of AlxGa1−xAs grown from a mixed Ga–Bi melt
Authors: Khvostikova Olga , Vlasov Alexey , Ber Boris , Salii Roman , Khvostikov Vladimir
Published: January 2024

Thick smoothly graded AlxGa1−xAs layers (50–100 µm) are used in light-emitting diode structures and also for creation of high-power photovoltaic converters with side-input of laser radiation. To achieve the required thickness of the AlxGa1−xAs layer the high temperature LPE growth technique is required. However high epitaxial temperature increases the unintentional doping level. Epitaxy from mixed Ga–Bi melts was investigated as a way to solve this problem. It was found that for growing relatively thick AlxGa1−xAs layers, it is expedient to use Ga–Bi melts with 20 at% or less bismuth content. SIMS and Hall characterization of AlxGa1−xAs layers revealed that the growth of AlxGa1−xAs from mixed Ga-Bi melts reduces the background doping level (including carbon) and influences the native defect formation keeping the n-type conductivity. This effect is explained by the changes of the group III and V elements concentrations in the melt as well as Bi incorporation in the lattice.
The association between lipid biomarkers and osteoarthritis based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Huang Guoxin , Zhong Xian , Zhang Meiling , Xu Ming , Pei Bin , Qian Da
Published: January 2024

To explore the association between lipid markers and osteoarthritis (OA). First, the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database was used to screen participants with lipid markers, OA and relevant covariates, and logistic regression was used to analyze the association between lipid markers and OA; Then, under the theoretical framework of Mendelian randomization (MR), two-sample MR was performed using GWAS data of lipid markers and OA to explore the causal association between the two, which was analyzed by inverse variance weighting (IVW) method. Heterogeneity test, sensitivity analysis and pleiotropy analysis were also performed. The NHANES database screened a total of 3706 participants, of whom 836 had OA and 2870 did not have OA. When lipid markers were used as continuous variables, multivariate logistic results showed an association between HDL, LDL and OA (HDL, OR (95%):1.01 (1.00, 1.01); LDL, OR (95%):1.00 (0.99, 1.00)). When lipid markers were used as categorical variables, multivariate logistic results showed the fourth quartile result of 0.713 (0.513, 0.992) for LDL relative to the first quartile. In MR study, the results of the IVW method for TG, TL, HDL and LDL showed OR (95% CI) of 1.06 (0.97–1.16), 0.95 (0.85–1.06), 0.94 (0.86–1.02) and 0.89 (0.80–0.998) with P-values of 0.21, 0.37. 013, 0.046. The heterogeneity tests and multiplicity analyses showed P-values greater than 0.05, and sensitivity analyses showed no abnormal single nucleotide polymorphisms. Through NHANES database and MR analyses, LDL was found to be a protective factor for OA, while HDL still needs further study. Our results provide new biomarkers for preventive and therapeutic strategies for OA.
Virtually simulated interpersonal touch negatively affects perceived closeness and social affiliation to an avatar partner
Authors: Saini Garima , Zain Maham , Noronha Marigrace , Bonin Robert P. , Lomanowska Anna M.
Published: January 2024

Interpersonal touch is an essential component of human non-verbal communication, facilitating social affiliation and bonding. With the widespread use of digital interfaces and online platforms in all realms of human interactions, there are fewer opportunities for communicating through touch. Popular online platforms that virtually simulate human interactions rely primarily on visual and auditory modalities, providing limited or no capacity for the exchange of tactile cues. Previous studies of virtual interactions have explored the simulation of social touch using haptic devices, but little is known about how the visual representation of interpersonal touch is perceived and integrated into a virtual social experience. In two studies we examined how the exchange of virtual touch mediated by simulated 3-dimensional human characters, or avatars, within an online virtual environment influenced affiliation towards an unfamiliar interaction partner. Surprisingly, the exchange of virtual touch negatively affected the perceived closeness and affiliation to the partner and the social evaluation of the interaction but did not affect the level of physiological arousal during the interaction. These results indicate that the visual representation of social touch is sufficient to virtually communicate touch-related cues that impact social affiliation, but the influence of touch may be dependent on the interaction context.
An Antarctic lichen isolate (Cladonia borealis) genome reveals potential adaptation to extreme environments
Authors: Cho Minjoo , Lee Seung Jae , Choi Eunkyung , Kim Jinmu , Choi Soyun , Lee Jun Hyuck , Park Hyun
Published: January 2024

Cladonia borealis is a lichen that inhabits Antarctica’s harsh environment. We sequenced the whole genome of a C. borealis culture isolated from a specimen collected in Antarctica using long-read sequencing technology to identify specific genetic elements related to its potential environmental adaptation. The final genome assembly produced 48 scaffolds, the longest being 2.2 Mbp, a 1.6 Mbp N50 contig length, and a 36 Mbp total length. A total of 10,749 protein-coding genes were annotated, containing 33 biosynthetic gene clusters and 102 carbohydrate-active enzymes. A comparative genomics analysis was conducted on six Cladonia species, and the genome of C. borealis exhibited 45 expanded and 50 contracted gene families. We identified that C. borealis has more Copia transposable elements and expanded transporters (ABC transporters and magnesium transporters) compared to other Cladonia species. Our results suggest that these differences contribute to C. borealis’ remarkable adaptability in the Antarctic environment. This study also provides a useful resource for the genomic analysis of lichens and genetic insights into the survival of species isolated from Antarctica.
Multicentric evaluation of sensitivity of eight commercial anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays and their correlation to virus neutralization titers in seropositive subjects
Authors: Fajfr Miroslav , Pajer Petr , Ruzek Daniel , Sleha Radek , Janovska Sylva , Bohonek Milos , Kabickova Hana , Kubicková Pavla , Stefanik Michal , Strakova Petra , Bostik Pavel
Published: January 2024

Diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 virus is mainly based on direct detection. Determination of specific antibodies has been used mostly for epidemiological reasons. However, select immunoassays showed good correlation to plaque reduction virus neutralization test (PRNT) in smaller patient cohorts, which suggests their potential as predictors of virus neutralization titer. A total of 3,699 samples from Covid-19 patients were included in the multicentric study performed in the Czech Republic. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were evaluated by 8 commercial antibody assays. Simultaneously, PRNT evaluations were performed with the SARS-CoV-2 B.1.258 variant. All immunoassays showed an overall high true positive diagnostic value ranging from 79.17 to 98.04%. Several commercial EIA methods showed highly positive correlation between the assay results and PRNT levels, e.g., Liaison CoV-2 TrimericS IgG DiaSorin (Spearman r = 0.8833; Architect SASRS-CoV-2 IgG Abbott (r = 0.7298); NovaLisa SARS-CoV-2 IgG NovaTec (r = 0.7103) and Anti-SARS-CoV-2 ELISA IgG Euroimmun (r = 0.7094). While this correlation was less positive for other assays, those, conversely, presented higher true positive values. For most immunoassays, the positive percent agreement of the results was ≥ 95% in sera exhibiting PRNT levels of 1:80 and higher. The assays tested have shown variable correlation to PRNT. Those possessing high positive predictive values serve well as qualitative tests, while others can be utilised as quantitative tests highly predictive of neutralization antibody levels.
Influence of periodic pulse intake on the ventilation efficiency of positive pressure explosion-proof robot
Authors: Fang Ming , Chu Xufeng , Yu Liang , Fang Yu , Hou Liangliang , Cheng Xu , Wang Junlong
Published: January 2024

The ventilation work is an important step to be completed before the start of the positive pressure explosion-proof robot. The existing explosion-proof technology uses constant pressure inflation, which will cause explosive gas to accumulate in the corner area of the cavity for a long time. In order to solve this problem, a ventilation method with periodic pulse intake is proposed. Based on the finite element method, the cleaning and ventilation process of the positive pressure explosion-proof robot is simulated and analyzed. The concentration of explosive gas in the robot cavity with time under constant pressure intake and pulse intake with different periods and amplitudes is compared. The simulation results show that the pulse intake is beneficial to the ventilation of the corner position. The period and amplitude of the pulse intake has an effect on the ventilation efficiency, when the period is the same, the greater the amplitude of the pulse intake, the higher the ventilation efficiency; when the amplitude is the same, the smaller the period of the pulse intake, the higher the ventilation efficiency. After experimental verification, the validity of the simulation results is proved. This study helps to improve the ventilation efficiency of positive-pressure explosion-proof robots and provides guidance for practical applications.
The AR6 Scenario Explorer and the history of IPCC Scenarios Databases: evolutions and challenges for transparency, pluralism and policy-relevance
Authors: Cointe Béatrice
Published: January 2024

Emissions scenarios have always been a crucial part of IPCC reports. They are instrumental to the shared assessment of climate research and to its policy relevance. Since the early days of climate change research, the number of emissions and mitigation scenarios in the literature has grown exponentially. An infrastructure was developed to collect, standardize, and share increasing amounts of scenarios data. The Integrated Assessment Modeling (IAM) community and IIASA have led this work. This infrastructure is central to the work of the IPCC Working Group III, but it also serves to coordinate and disseminate scenarios research. Adopting a socio-historical perspective, this article focuses on the AR6 Scenarios Database as a keystone in this infrastructure and as a site where tensions regarding the role and mandate of the IPCC are play. It retraces the co-evolution of IPCC Scenarios Databases and of the IAM community, and shows how the AR6 Scenarios Database compares and contrasts with previous Scenarios Databases. It then unpacks how ambitions to enhance diversity and transparency in the AR6 Working Group III use of scenarios translated in the design and use of the AR6 database. It analyses the attempt to expand the scope of the database beyond IAMs and discusses the challenges encountered in the process.
Highly reproducible electrochemical biosensor for Influenza A virus towards low-resource settings
Authors: Ojeda Julio , Torres-Salvador Fiorella , Bruno Nicholas , Eastwood Hannah , Gerasimova Yulia , Chumbimuni-Torres Karin
Published: January 2024

Schematic representation of RNA amplification through NASA (one-step), followed by electrochemical detection through an E-biosensor, and analysis with square wave voltammetry.
Intranuclear assembly of leucine-rich peptides for selective death of osteosarcoma cells
Authors: Liu Shuang , Zhang Qiuxin , Peng Xingrao , Hu Cong , Wang Shaowei , Sun Yao
Published: January 2024

Dephosphorylated by the highly expressed alkaline phosphatase, phosphopeptides self-assemble into twisted nanofibers in nuclei to selectively induce the death of osteosarcoma cells.
Annulation reactions of electrophilic benzannulated heterocycles towards heteroacenes
Authors: Babu Sheba Ann , E. Jijy , John Jubi
Published: January 2024

This feature article describes the different annulation strategies with electrophilic benzannulated heterocycles for accessing heteroacenes (polyring fused heterocycles) reported from 1996 to date.
A nanoporous organic polymer using 1, 3-dibromoadamantane as a crosslinker for adsorption/separation of benzene and cyclohexane
Authors: Yan Jun , Zhu Jiangli , Tong Sihan , Wang Zefeng
Published: January 2024

A nanoporous organic polymer, synthesized from the cycloaliphatic crosslinker 1,3-dibromoadamantane, demonstrates effective adsorption and separation of a benzene/cyclohexane (Bz/Cy) mixture.
Facilely and efficiently constructing anti-oil-fouling zwitterionic coatings on membranes for oil-in-water emulsion separation
Authors: Meng Jinxuan , Sheng Tong , Zhou Xue , Huang Qiong , He Fang , Li Yuexiang , Wang Zhenxing
Published: January 2024

A facile and efficient strategy for constructing a zwitterionic polymer on separation membranes was developed to endow the membrane with excellent anti-oil-fouling performance for high-efficiency oil/water separation.
Palladium-catalyzed ring-opening [5+2] annulation of vinylethylene carbonates (VECs) and C5-substituted Meldrum's acids: rapid synthesis of 7-membered lactones
Authors: Li Fei , Chen Xin , Huang Ben-Qing , Xu Hua-Dong , Zhu Chi-Fan , Shen Mei-Hua
Published: January 2024

A novel approach for the synthesis of unsaturated 7-membered lactones by Pd-catalyzed [5+2] dipolar cycloaddition of vinylethylene carbonates (VECs) and C5-substituted Meldrum's acid derivatives has been developed.
Geminal bimetallic coordination of a carbone to main-group and transition metals
Authors: Obi Akachukwu D. , Deng Chun-Lin , Alexis Andrew J. , Dickie Diane A. , Gilliard Robert J.
Published: January 2024

The first examples of geminal bimetallic carbone coordination featuring main group metals have been isolated.
Characteristics of planar and planar layer-stacked CHON-containing molecules
Authors: Guo Shitai , Xue Kairui , Huang Jing , Zhu Weihua , Zhang Chaoyang
Published: January 2024

This paper unveils the characteristics of planar and planar layer-stacked CHON-containing molecules.
Accelerated acquisition of wideline solid-state NMR spectra of spin 3/2 nuclei by frequency-stepped indirect detection experiments
Authors: Lamahewage Sujeewa N. S. , Atterberry Benjamin A. , Dorn Rick W. , Gi Eunbyeol , Kimball Maxwell R. , Blümel Janet , Vela Javier , Rossini Aaron J.
Published: January 2024

1H{X} DE-RESPDOR pulse sequences enable the rapid detection of wideline solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of spin 3/2 half-integer quadrupolar nuclei.
Influence of hydrogen bonds on the reaction of guanine and hydroxyl radical: DFT calculations in C(H+)GC motif
Authors: Wang Yinghui , Wei Simin
Published: January 2024

A thorough theoretical investigation was performed to disclose the subtle influence of H-bonding on the reaction of HO˙ and G in the C(H+)GC motif, which shows strong structural dependency dramatically different from unencumbered G.
A comparative study on the linear scaling relations for the diffusion of S-vacancies on MoS2 and WS2
Authors: Wang Po-Yuan , Yeh Chun-Chi , Chiu Ming-Jia , Chiu Cheng-chau
Published: January 2024

DFT data for 40% of all diffusion steps are needed for fitting suitable linear scaling relations for S-vacancy diffusion on MoS2 and WS2.
Preliminary observation of strong NOx release over Qiyi Glacier in the northeast of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Lin Weili , Wang Feng , Ye Chunxiang , Zhu Tong
Published: January 2024

Released NOx on the glacier surface of the Tibetan Plateau is strong.
Deep eutectic solvents as sustainable media for multicomponent sulfonylation: an efficient strategy to synthesize (hetero)aryl sulfones
Authors: Zhu Haibo , Zhong Yangbo , Yan Liyuan , Zhang Honglei , Shen Yajing , Le Zhanggao , Fan Qiangwen , Xie Zongbo
Published: January 2024

A green and sustainable multicomponent sulfonylation starting from boronic acids, K2S2O5 and halides has been developed using a deep eutectic solvent (DES) as a reaction medium.
Unlocking the secrets of high-water barrier stereocomplex polylactide blend extrusion films
Authors: Macnamara James F. , Rubino Maria , Daum Matthew , Kathuria Ajay , Auras Rafael
Published: January 2024

Stereocomplex polylactide films were produced without using a masterbatch, including PLLA/PDLA ratios of 85/15, 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70. The films show a reduced moisture barrier by a factor of 2.5 to 6, depending on their crystallinity and thickness.
Separation of platelets by size in a microfluidic device based on controlled incremental filtration
Authors: Dinh Mai T. P. , Mukhamedshin Anton , Abhishek Kumar , Lam Fong W. , Gifford Sean C. , Shevkoplyas Sergey S.
Published: January 2024

A microfluidic device, utilizing controlled incremental filtration, enables continuous, flow-through, single-step separation of platelets by size without the platelet aggregation and usability limitations associated with centrifugation.
Role of polymer interactions in core–shell filaments in the mechanical properties of 3D printed objects
Authors: Ai Jia-Ruey , Jang Seokhoon , Fink Wyatt , Kim Seong H. , Vogt Bryan D.
Published: January 2024

Increased favorable interactions between core and shell materials result in enhanced mechanical performance and alteration in the fracture morphology of 3D printed parts.
Effect of H2S co-feeding on the performance of the Fe/SiO2 catalyst for isomerization and dehydrogenation of C5-monoolefin
Authors: Karasawa Fumiya , Watanabe Ryo , Verma Priyanka , Miyagi Yuichi , Yamada Hikaru , Miyanari Setsuko , Fukuhara Choji
Published: January 2024

Isoprene was obtained by dehydrogenation, involving the isomerization of 2-methyl-2-butene into 2-methyl-1-butene. Notably, isoprene was produced through the dehydrogenation following isomerization using the Fe/SiO2 catalyst in the presence of H2S.
Shikonin delivery strategy through alkali-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol hydrogel promotes effective wound healing
Authors: Wang Peng , Zheng Fanghao , Guo Min , Lei Kaijun , Jiao Zixue , Li Zihong , Li Huaiguo , Liu Dongwen , He Mingfeng , Wang Zongliang , Zhang Peibiao
Published: January 2024

Fabrication of shikonin/PVA hydrogel for wound healing.
Coal gasification crude slag based complex flocculants by two-step acid leaching process: synthesis, flocculation and mechanisms
Authors: Pan Haoqi , Sun Chenxu , Shen Tingting , Sun Jing , He Shaocang , Li Tianpeng , Lu Xuqian
Published: January 2024

Coal gasification crude slag (CGCS) is the side-product of the coal gasification process, and its effective utilization has attracted great attention.
Piers–Rubinsztajn reaction to unlock an 8-step synthesis of 7-hydroxy cannabidiol
Authors: Cocco Emanuele , Iapadre Debora , Brusa Alessandro , Allegrini Pietro , Thomas Stephen P. , Pesciaioli Fabio , Carlone Armando
Published: January 2024

A Piers–Rubinsztajn reaction was key to enable a mild deprotection and a concise synthesis of 7-hydroxy cannabidiol from commercially available cannabidiol, in 31% overall yield.
An amorphous MgF2 anti-reflective thin film for enhanced performance of inverted organic–inorganic perovskite solar cells
Authors: Li Wenhui , Cao Wenhuan , Zhou Huawei , Zhang Xianxi , Wang Kai
Published: January 2024

The power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of inverted PSCs without and with MgF2 ARTF are 18.20 and 21.28%, respectively.
Pentafluorobenzene boronic acid with strong Lewis acidity for the modification of PEO-based polymer electrolytes
Authors: Su Liwei , Zhu Yijuan , Zhan Xingyi , Yu Kang , Guo Tianyu , Gu Ke , Wu Hao , Wang Lianbang , Wang Yuanhao , Wang Xiaoxiang
Published: January 2024

PFBBA modifies PEO-based electrolytes by endowing B atoms with stronger Lewis acidity and forming a LiF/Li–B–O rich SEI film.
Quantification and biological evaluation of ZnxFe3−xO4 nanoparticle stiffness in a drug delivery system of MCF-7 cancer cells
Authors: Al-madani Hamzah , Yang Yiqian , Refat Moath , He Qingxin , Peng Hao , Wu Aiguo , Yang Fang
Published: January 2024

Effect of ZnxFe3−xO4 nanoparticle elasticity with different zinc doping content on cancer cellular uptake and viability.
Adaptive coloration enabled by the reversible osmotic annealing of chromatophore-like microcapsules
Authors: Kim Jae-Hyun , Lee Ji-Young , Kim Jaekyoung , Gong Zhe , Wilson Daniel J. , Deravi Leila F. , Lee Daeyeon
Published: January 2024

Generating dynamic color change in an adaptive, bio-inspired microcapsule that can be activated to reversibly switch between pigment-based and structure-based coloration mechanisms.
Antibacterial Activity and Mechanisms of Action of Inorganic Nanoparticles against Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens: A Systematic Review
Authors: Girma Abayeneh , Abera Birhanu , Mekuye Bawoke , Mebratie Gedefaw
Published: January 2024

Foodborne disease outbreaks due to bacterial pathogens and their toxins have become a serious concern for global public health and security. Finding novel antibacterial agents with unique mechanisms of action against the current spoilage and foodborne bacterial pathogens is a central strategy to overcome antibiotic resistance. This study examined the antibacterial activities and mechanisms of action of inorganic nanoparticles (NPs) against foodborne bacterial pathogens. The articles written in English were recovered from registers and databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Directory of Open Access Journals) and other sources (websites, organizations, and citation searching). “Nanoparticles,” “Inorganic Nanoparticles,” “Metal Nanoparticles,” “Metal–Oxide Nanoparticles,” “Antimicrobial Activity,” “Antibacterial Activity,” “Foodborne Bacterial Pathogens,” “Mechanisms of Action,” and “Foodborne Diseases” were the search terms used to retrieve the articles. The PRISMA‐2020 checklist was applied for the article search strategy, article selection, data extraction, and result reporting for the review process. A total of 27 original research articles were included from a total of 3,575 articles obtained from the different search strategies. All studies demonstrated the antibacterial effectiveness of inorganic NPs and highlighted their different mechanisms of action against foodborne bacterial pathogens. In the present study, small‐sized, spherical‐shaped, engineered, capped, low‐dissolution with water, high‐concentration NPs, and in Gram‐negative bacterial types had high antibacterial activity as compared to their counterparts. Cell wall interaction and membrane penetration, reactive oxygen species production, DNA damage, and protein synthesis inhibition were some of the generalized mechanisms recognized in the current study. Therefore, this study recommends the proper use of nontoxic inorganic nanoparticle products for food processing industries to ensure the quality and safety of food while minimizing antibiotic resistance among foodborne bacterial pathogens.
Variable step‐size estimation over UDP‐based wireless networks with application to a hydrogen‐powered UAV
Authors: Liang Shi , Cai Chenxiao , Xia Min , Lin Hong
Published: January 2024

In this paper, the problem of state estimation for systems over wireless networks using user datagram protocol is focused on. It is known that for such a system, the probability density function of the system state follows a Gaussian mixture model (GMM), and the number of components in this model grows exponentially over time, which makes the computation of optimal estimates infeasible. To compute optimal estimates, based on Kullback‐Leibler divergence, a strategy with variable step‐sizes to truncate and fuse the GMM is proposed. Based on the obtained GMM, a variable step‐size estimator is designed to compute optimal estimates during an estimation cycle. The advantages of the proposed estimator are twofold: (1) its estimation performance is superior to that of existing one‐step fast estimators; (2) its estimation efficiency is much higher than that of the optimal estimator. Finally, trajectory tracking has been proposed for a real‐world hydrogen‐powered unmanned aerial vehicle to show the effectiveness of our methods.
Stochastic unit commitment based on energy‐intensive loads participating in wind and solar power consumption
Authors: Qian Liang , Lin Shunfu , Zhou Bo , Wang Wei , Bian Xiaoyan , Li Fangxing , Li Dongdong
Published: January 2024

The fluctuation and intermittency of wind and solar power outputs result in increased regulation pressure on thermal units in power systems. Adjustable energy‐intensive loads (such as electrolytic aluminium and steel plants) have great potential for participating in demand response (DR) programs with the goal of reducing thermal unit regulation pressure. This paper proposes an optimal scheduling method of unit commitment (UC) which gives consideration to energy‐intensive loads participating in wind and solar power consumption. The UC method adopts the nonparametric kernel density estimation method to model wind and solar power outputs and then uses the Frank‐Copula function to describe the correlation between the scenarios of wind and solar power outputs. A stochastic unit commitment (SUC) model introduces a chance‐constrained theory of a reserve coefficient to describe time‐variant scenarios on the basis of the deviation between the typical and simulative scenarios. The simulation results based on the IEEE 118‐bus system show that the energy‐intensive load in the SUC model can flexibly adjust and respond to changes in wind and solar power output, reduce the impact of the uncertainties of wind and solar power output, and promote the consumption of wind and solar power.
Impacts of grid‐scale battery systems on power system operation, case of Baltic region
Authors: AhmadiAhangar Roya , Plaum Freddy , Haring Tobias , Drovtar Imre , Korotko Tarmo , Rosin Argo
Published: January 2024

Grid stability can be affected by the large‐scale utilisation of renewable energy sources because there are fluctuations in generation and load. These issues can be effectively addressed by grid‐scale battery energy storage systems (BESS), which can respond quickly and provide high energy density. Different roles of grid‐scale BESS in power systems are addressed, following optimal operation approaches classification. Furthermore, integrating BESSs into distribution grids is discussed to manage challenges from distributed generation. BESSs aid in voltage control, enhance frequency regulation, and offer black‐start services. Aggregating distributed BESSs can provide ancillary services and improve grid economics. For consumers, BESSs optimise energy costs, enhance reliability, and support self‐consumption from renewables. Novel BESS services include congestion relief, system adequacy, and power quality enhancement. Moreover, the ancillary services provided in different European countries through BESS are analysed. Finally, a case study was conducted among three Baltic DSOs to analyse the required amendments to Grid Codes and Electricity Market Acts for the integration of grid scale BESS.
Flexural Creep Behavior in Utilization of Woven Glass-Fibre as Reinforcement in Pultruded Glass Fibre-Reinforced Polymer Composite Cross-Arms: Experimental and Numerical Analysis
Authors: Amir A.L. , Yamunan S. , Ishak M.R. , Yidris N. , Zuhri M.Y.M.
Published: January 2024

Pultruded glass fiber-reinforced polymer (PGFRP) composite is a relatively new material used to replace conventional wood in the fabrication of cross-arms for transmission towers. Much research has been undertaken on coupon-scale PGFRP composite cross-arms. However, a few have been completed on full-scale PGFRP composite cross-arms under actual operating load. Thus, this work investigates the effect of wrapping woven glass fiber fabric as an additional reinforcement on the creep reactions of PGFRP composite cross-arms installed in a 132 kV transmission tower. In the first stage of this research, the deflection of the original cross-arm under various loads ranging from 0 to 9 kN was evaluated and was followed by the actual working loads. This experiment was repeated on cross-arms wrapped with different numbers of glass fiber fabric layers around the weakest point of the beam. Then, the creep behaviors and responses of the woven glass fiber-reinforced cross-arms were evaluated and compared with the original cross-arms from the previous study. The actual operating load was applied to the PGFRP composite cross-arms for 1000 hours to study their capability to support the weight of electrical cables and insulators. In order to replicate the tropical climate, the cross-arm were mounted on a test rig in an open area. The findings of this study revealed that reinforcing the cross-arm by wrapping it with woven glass fiber fabric could extend its life and hence reduce the maintenance cost and effort for long-term usage. The finding of this study will also become essential knowledge on woven fabric wrapping applications on square profiles.
System for Tracking Aircraft Ground Movement Utilizing Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Pratama Teuku R.S. , Sembiring Javensius , Ummah Khairul
Published: January 2024

Using a virtual ATC tower is one aspect of the airport digitization initiative, which aims to cut costs. Technology for tracking and detecting aircraft is required to guarantee the security of the deployment of virtual ATC towers. The invention of visual artificial intelligence that can recognize and follow aircraft ground movement in an airport is presented in this study. One feature that should be developed in this study is the capacity to issue a warning if two aircraft are in close proximity to one another. The techniques consist of a coordinate system conversion from pixels to meters for aircraft separation computation, the Deep SORT object tracking algorithm, and the YOLOv4 object recognition algorithm that has been trained using Image Dehazing Filter. Next, a fair-condition recorded airport video is used to validate the model. With a mean average precision score of 95.92%, the trained YOLOv4 model was able to track every aircraft in the video, and with an error of 5.09%, the aircraft separation warning system functioned as expected. An airport’s possible use of an aircraft ground movement tracker was demonstrated by the constructed model.
Review: Inadequate Post-Harvest Processing in PNG Forest and Wood Sectors
Authors: Ava Peter , Mohamed Aezeden
Published: January 2024

Papua New Guinea (PNG) is blessed with a wide range of natural resources, including forestry and lumber. However, unfortunately, the nation is losing out on millions of jobs and billions of dollars in income by exporting these resources in their unprocessed form instead of taking advantage of downstream processing. PNG has the world’s third-largest rainforest, covering 33.6 million hectares and comprising 72.5% of the country’s total land area. It is imperative that the government of PNG makes the most of this valuable natural resource. The raw logging market was once profitable, but it has been in decline since China became PNG’s primary export market in 2009. To find a new source of income, the Forest Revenue Review Team (FRRT) evaluated several processing options, including the construction of large-scale plants for exporting veneer, plywood, and medium-density fiberboard (MDF), sawmills of different sizes, and a small sawmill integrated with a joinery facility. However, implementing these solutions presents various challenges, including the high-cost structure of the PNG economy and the need for national forestry legislation and policy enforcement. To ensure sustainable development and address these obstacles, it is crucial to maximize the value of PNG’s forest resources and economy by encouraging downstream processing of forestry and wood. PNG can achieve economic growth and environmental protection by promoting equitable and sustainable development, monitoring international market trends, and resolving specific issues regarding downstream processing. Despite the challenges, PNG is taking steps to advance value addition and sustainable methods in the forestry industry.
Thermal Analysis of AlainSat-1: A 3U Cubesat for Earth Observation
Authors: Wan Aasim Wan Faris Aizat , Seyedzadeh Ameereh , Okasha Mohamed , Sulaeman Erwin , Jallad Abdul-Halim
Published: January 2024

AlainSat-1 is a remote sensing CubeSat carrying earth observation payloads developed by student teams from three international universities. Planned for launch in 2023 it is a direct result from the collaborative effort between the IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Society (GRSS) and the National Space Science and Technology Center (NSSTC) at UAE University. CubeSats are popular among the research and academic communities as a space platform from which to perform related research and academic work connected to space technologies due to their compact size, shorter development time, and relatively low cost. However, because most CubeSats are built using off-the-shelf components, their capacity to resist the harsh environments of space must be proven. Aside from ensuring that structural criteria are met, thermal analysis is critical for ensuring that components or payloads stay functioning in extreme hot or cold environments. The thermal analysis results of AlainSat-1’s finite element model (FEM) functioning under the projected thermal environment associated to its mission are presented in this study. Preliminary results from the analysis using SIEMENS NX show that temperature measurements are within an acceptable range. However, more modification of the simulated environment and FEM in terms of mesh sizes and radiative and conductive thermal couplings is needed before conclusive results may be obtained. The approved simulated results and parameters will be tested experimentally in a Thermal Vacuum Chamber. In addition, challenges identified throughout the analysis and their remedies are discussed.
CFD Analysis of De Laval Nozzle of a Hybrid Rocket Engine
Authors: Ahmad Mohamed Tarmizi , Jagannathan Anudiipnath , Zhahir Amzari , Azami Muhammad Hanafi , Abidin Razali , Noordin Mohd Nor Hafizi , Nordin Norzaima
Published: January 2024

: The study gives a general overview of the CFD-simulated gas flow via the nozzle of a De Laval rocket engine. In CFD software, the mesh is generated using the nozzle’s geometry. In this work, CFD methods are used to compare a number of factors with those derived from classical theory, such as pressure, velocity, temperature, and arear ratios. The results of computational modelling of CFD simulation are comparable to those found from theoretical calculations.
Vertical Axis Wind Turbine for Low Wind Speed Environment: Effect of Scoop Harmony Blade
Authors: Syahin A.A.T. , Zinnyrah M. , Sofea R.A. , Rahman M.R.A. , Saad M.R.
Published: January 2024

The wind condition in Malaysia is in the low-speed category with an average speed of 1 ms-1 to 4 ms-1. Effect of ground level relies significantly on the wind speed distribution. Despite these conditions, it is less suitable for the development of horizontal wind turbine as an energy source. The obvious weakness is the lack ability to self-start and predict the wind direction thus affects the energy efficiency output. To overcome this problem, improvement of the vertical axis wind turbine design is observed to be the solution in replacing horizontal axis wind turbine. Hence, this study is to investigate a suitable type of vertical axis wind turbine blade design for the best performance RPM output in a low-speed wind environment. The investigation was conducted in a Longwin LW-9300R subsonic wind tunnel at 0 ms-1 to 10 ms-1 wind speed condition from three wind turbine blades specified as Solid Harmony, Scoop Harmony and Conventional Savonius blade with angle of 90º, 135º and 180º to determine the highest RPM productivity. Result shows that Scoop Harmony blade delivers the highest RPM blade output while Savonius 180º is seen to have the highest self-start blade achieved at 64 rpm at 1 ms-1 wind speed. However, Solid Harmony shows an acceptable range TSR of 0.5 with difference of 23% lower than Scoop Harmony. This shows that both Scoop Harmony has a higher performance RPM but Solid Harmony still has the potential design to be applied at low-speed condition due to its low TSR output.
Examining the methods used to extract various grades of Argan oil sold on the Moroccan market: Implications for quality and safety
Authors: El Kabous Karima , Ouhssine Mohammed
Published: January 2024

The present study focused on the comparison of Argan oil extraction processes and their influence on oil and cake quality and safety. A survey was conducted among Argan oil producers in the Essaouira region of Morocco. The responses revealed that the quality of Argan products is influenced by several factors, the main one being the quality of the fruit. For 25% of responses, representing the women selling Argan oil in the souks, Argan fruits “AQAY” are soaking in water to facilitate the crushing stage. However, this maceration can lead to fermentation and mold. Besides, the quality of the mixing water is different from one response to another. Just 50% of responses came from cooperatives use high microbiological quality water. Eventually, poor-quality water affects the composition and shelf life of Argan products besides consumer health and safety. Furthermore, there is also significant variation in roasting time and temperature, roaster type, and storage conditions. Indeed, these factors have the greatest influence on the quality of Argan products. Consequently, the present investigation has shown that the extraction process from raw material to final product varies considerably between the obtained results. Therefore, extraction processes and storage conditions need to be standardized. This will improve the quality of Argan oil and cake.
Estimation of WSe2 Layer Thickness using Reflectance Spectra and Comparison with Graphene based on Wavelength
Authors: Bhavyasri V. , Chandra Kishore S.
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to calculate the WSe2 layer thickness using reflectance spectra and comparison with graphene using wavelength in the Novel 2D material reflectance spectra Using nanoHUB.org, the study’s data was gathered. According to clinicalcalc.com, samples were categorized as (N=20) for WSe2 layers and (N=20) for graphene layers. The total sample size was calculated while maintaining the following values: alpha error-threshold value = 0.05, enrollment ratio = 0.1, 95% confidence interval = 80%, and G-power = 80%. Comparison is done by independent sample test using SPSS software. There is a statistically significant difference in the thickness of the WSe2 layer and Graphene layer with (p=.001, p<0.05).WSe2 layer (3.4717) showed better results in comparison to the graphene layer (2.0669). The WSe2 layers has more thickness when compared to graphene layers.
Assessing Larval Toxicity of Sphaeranthus Indicus Linn Essential Oil Against Dengue and Filarial Vectors
Authors: A Nisha , Vasantha-Srinivasan Prabhakaran
Published: January 2024

This study focuses on a crucial objective: eradicating the formidable dengue and filarial vectors through larval toxicity using a novel essential oil derived from Sphaeranthus indicus Linn. The research encompasses several key methodologies, including pest rearing, homology modeling, and molecular docking. The G Power value is taken as 0.8, with two groups and each group carrying 5 sample sizes. Si-CVO is toxic to Aedes aegypti larvae, and it causes dose-dependent mortality in the II, III, and IV instar larvae, respectively. Maximum mortality rates for all instars were 500 ppm: 91.3% (II instar), 87.4% (III instar), and 83.2%. (IV instar). While the lowest dosage of 100 ppm had a lower death rate throughout all larval instars. It is observed that by using the novel essential oil from Sphaeranthus indicus Linn which is a plant derived product the baleful insects are killed and the agriculture efficiency is improved.