bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of hydrogen peroxide in an intra-meander hyporheic zone at East River, Colorado
Authors: Yuan Xiu , Liu Tongxu , Fox Patricia , Bhattacharyya Amrita , Dwivedi Dipankar , Williams Kenneth H. , Davis James A. , Waite T. David , Nico Peter S.
Published: January 2022

The traditionally held assumption that photo-dependent processes are the predominant source of H2O2 in natural waters has been recently questioned by an increrasing body of evidence showing the ubiquitiousness of H2O2 in dark water bodies and in groundwater. In this study, we conducted field measurement of H2O2 in an intra-meander hyporheic zone and in surface water at East River, CO. On-site detection using a sensitive chemiluminescence method suggests H2O2 concentrations in groundwater ranging from 6 nM (at the most reduced region) to ~ 80 nM (in a locally oxygen-rich area) along the intra-meander transect with a maxima of 186 nM detected in the surface water in an early afternoon, lagging the maximum solar irradiance by ∼ 1.5 h. Our results suggest that the dark profile of H2O2 in the hyporheic zone is closely correlated to local redox gradients, indicating that interactions between various redox sensitive elements could play an essential role. Due to its transient nature, the widespread presence of H2O2 in the hyporheic zone indicates the existence of a sustained balance between H2O2 production and consumption, which potentially involves a relatively rapid succession of various biogeochemically important processes (such as organic matter turnover, metal cycling and contaminant mobilization). More importantly, this study confirmed the occurrence of reactive oxygen species at a subsurface redox transition zone and further support our understanding of redox boundaries on reactive oxygen species generation and as key locations of biogeochemical activity.
Tracking hidden crisis in India’s capital from space: implications of unsustainable groundwater use
Authors: Garg Shagun , Motagh Mahdi , Indu J. , Karanam Vamshi
Published: January 2022

National Capital Region (NCR, Delhi) in India is one of the fastest-growing metropolitan cities which is facing a severe water crisis due to increasing water demand. The over-extraction of groundwater, particularly from its unconsolidated alluvial deposits makes the region prone to subsidence. In this study, we investigated the effects of plummeting groundwater levels on land surface elevations in Delhi NCR using Sentinel-1 datasets acquired during the years 2014–2020. Our analysis reveals two distinct subsidence features in the study area with rates exceeding 11 cm/year in Kapashera—an urban village near IGI airport Delhi, and 3 cm/year in Faridabad throughout the study period. The subsidence in these two areas are accelerating and follows the depleting groundwater trend. The third region, Dwarka shows a shift from subsidence to uplift during the years which can be attributed to the strict government policies to regulate groundwater use and incentivizing rainwater harvesting. Further analysis using a classified risk map based on hazard risk and vulnerability approach highlights an approximate area of 100 square kilometers to be subjected to the highest risk level of ground movement, demanding urgent attention. The findings of this study are highly relevant for government agencies to formulate new policies against the over-exploitation of groundwater and to facilitate a sustainable and resilient groundwater management system in Delhi NCR.
Revealing lost secrets about Yingpan Man and the Silk Road
Authors: Wang Tingting , Fuller Benjamin T. , Jiang Hongen , Li Wenying , Wei Dong , Hu Yaowu
Published: January 2022

Yingpan Man, is one of the most exquisitely preserved mummies found in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. Here links between Yingpan Man and the Silk Road are explored through a detailed isotopic and bioarchaeological investigation of his life history. Analytical techniques of carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur stable isotope ratio analysis on hair, teeth, muscle and bones as well as associated animal and plant remains, radiocarbon dating and starch grain analysis of dental calculus are presented to visualize never before seen aspects of Yingpan Man’s life, including: environment, breastfeeding and weaning practices, adolescent and adult diet, disease and nutritional status as well as season of death. Furthermore, in combination with a detailed review of his associated grave goods, this research examines the social status and identity of Yingpan Man, and demonstrates the profound impact and cultural fusion that the Silk Road had upon the peoples of Xinjiang and Eurasia.
Impact of freezing temperature (Tfr) of Al2O3 and molecular diameter (H2O)d on thermal enhancement in magnetized and radiative nanofluid with mixed convection
Authors: Adnan  , Ashraf Waqas , Khan Umar , Al-Johani Amnah S. , Ahmed Naveed , Mohyud-Din Syed Tauseef , Khan Ilyas , Andualem Mulugeta
Published: January 2022

The dynamics of nanofluid by considering the role of imposed Lorentz forces, thermal radiations and velocity slip effects over a vertically convectively heated surface is a topic of huge interest. Therefore, the said study is conducted for Al2O3-H2O nanofluid. Mathematical modelling of the problem is done via nanofluid effective correlations comprising the influences of freezing temperature, molecular diameter and similarity transformations. The results for multiple parameters are plotted and provide comprehensive discussion. From the analysis, it is examined that Al2O3-H2O nanofluid motion drops by strengthening Lorentz forces. The temperature in the nanofluid (Al2O3-H2O) is improved by inducing viscous dissipation effects (Ec number), surface convection (Biot number) and thermal radiations (Rd). Moreover, the shear stresses at the surface decreased due to higher magnetic field effects and rises due to velocity slip. A significant rise in Local Nusselt number is observed due to thermal radiations and Biot effects. Finally, enhanced heat transport mechanism in Al2O3-H2O is examined than a conventional liquid. Therefore, nanofluids are better for industrial applications and the uses of conventional liquids are limited due to low thermal conductivity.
Multimodal transistors as ReLU activation functions in physical neural network classifiers
Authors: Surekcigil Pesch Isin , Bestelink Eva , de Sagazan Olivier , Mehonic Adnan , Sporea Radu A.
Published: January 2022

Artificial neural networks (ANNs) providing sophisticated, power-efficient classification are finding their way into thin-film electronics. Thin-film technologies require robust, layout-efficient devices with facile manufacturability. Here, we show how the multimodal transistor’s (MMT’s) transfer characteristic, with linear dependence in saturation, replicates the rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function of convolutional ANNs (CNNs). Using MATLAB, we evaluate CNN performance using systematically distorted ReLU functions, then substitute measured and simulated MMT transfer characteristics as proxies for ReLU. High classification accuracy is maintained, despite large variations in geometrical and electrical parameters, as CNNs use the same activation functions for training and classification.
Upregulation of IFNɣ-mediated chemokines dominate the immune transcriptome of muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Olkhov-Mitsel Ekaterina , Hodgson Anjelica , Liu Stan K. , Vesprini Danny , Bayani Jane , Bartlett John M. S. , Xu Bin , Downes Michelle R.
Published: January 2022

Tumor inflammation is prognostically significant in high-grade muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. To identify inflammation-associated immune gene expression patterns, we performed transcriptomic profiling of 40 MIBC archival tumors using the NanoString nCounter Human v.1.1 PanCancer Panel. Findings were validated using the TCGA MIBC dataset. Unsupervised and supervised clustering identified a distinctive immune-related gene expression profile for inflammation, characterized by significant upregulation of 149 genes, particularly chemokines, a subset of which also had potential prognostic utility. Some of the most enriched biological processes were lymphocyte activation and proliferation, leukocyte adhesion and migration, antigen processing and presentation and cellular response to IFN-γ. Upregulation of numerous IFN-γ-inducible chemokines, class II MHC molecules and immune checkpoint genes was detected as part of the complex immune response to MIBC. Further, B-cell markers linked to tertiary lymphoid structures were upregulated, which in turn is predictive of tumor response to immunotherapy and favorable outcome. Our findings of both an overall activated immune profıle and immunosuppressive microenvironment provide novel insights into the complex immune milieu of MIBC with inflammation and supports its clinical significance for predicting prognosis and immunotherapeutic responsiveness, which warrants further investigation. This may open novel opportunities to identify mechanisms for developing new immunotherapeutic strategies.
Genomic features and tumor immune microenvironment alteration in NSCLC treated with neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade
Authors: Wang Shuhang , Yuan Pei , Mao Beibei , Li Ning , Ying Jianming , Tao Xiuli , Tang Wei , Zhang Lei , Geng Xiao , Zhang Fan , Xue Qi , Wu Lijia , Zhang Henghui , Gao Shugeng , He Jie
Published: January 2022

Several clinical trials have shown the safety and effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in neoadjuvant therapy in resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, 18–83% patients can benefit from it. In this study, we aimed to assess the association of PD-L1 expression, tumor mutation burden, copy number alteration (CNA, including copy number gain and loss) burden with the pathologic response to neoadjuvant PD-1 blockade and investigate the changes in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) during neoadjuvant immunotherapy in NSCLC. Pre-immunotherapy treatment tumor samples from twenty-nine NSCLC patients who received neoadjuvant immunotherapy with sintilimab, an anti-PD-1 drug, were subjected to targeted DNA sequencing and PD-L1 immunochemistry staining. The pathological response was positively correlated with tumor proportion score (TPS) of PD-L1 and negatively correlated with copy number gain (CNgain) burden. Of note, the combination of CNgain burden and TPS can better stratify major pathological response (MPR) patients than did CNgain or TPS alone. Whereas, TMB showed a limited correlation with pathological regression. Additionally, PD-1 blockade led to an increase in CD8+PD-1−T cells which was clinically relevant to MPR as evaluated by multiplex immunofluorescence. A significant reduction in CD19+ cells was observed in the Non-MPR group but not in the MPR group, indicating the involvement of B cells in improving neoadjuvant immunotherapy response in NSCLC. Together, our study provides new data for the correlation of PD-L1 expression and genomic factors with drug response in neoadjuvant immunotherapy settings in NSCLC. The changes of TIME may provide novel insight into the immune responses to neoadjuvant anti-PD-1 therapy.
Non-contact physiological monitoring of post-operative patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Jorge João , Villarroel Mauricio , Tomlinson Hamish , Gibson Oliver , Darbyshire Julie L. , Ede Jody , Harford Mirae , Young John Duncan , Tarassenko Lionel , Watkinson Peter
Published: January 2022

Prolonged non-contact camera-based monitoring in critically ill patients presents unique challenges, but may facilitate safe recovery. A study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of introducing a non-contact video camera monitoring system into an acute clinical setting. We assessed the accuracy and robustness of the video camera-derived estimates of the vital signs against the electronically-recorded reference values in both day and night environments. We demonstrated non-contact monitoring of heart rate and respiratory rate for extended periods of time in 15 post-operative patients. Across day and night, heart rate was estimated for up to 53.2% (103.0 h) of the total valid camera data with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.5 beats/min in comparison to two reference sensors. We obtained respiratory rate estimates for 63.1% (119.8 h) of the total valid camera data with a MAE of 2.4 breaths/min against the reference value computed from the chest impedance pneumogram. Non-contact estimates detected relevant changes in the vital-sign values between routine clinical observations. Pivotal respiratory events in a post-operative patient could be identified from the analysis of video-derived respiratory information. Continuous vital-sign monitoring supported by non-contact video camera estimates could be used to track early signs of physiological deterioration during post-operative care.
Single-cell transcriptomics of human iPSC differentiation dynamics reveal a core molecular network of Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Novak Gabriela , Kyriakis Dimitrios , Grzyb Kamil , Bernini Michela , Rodius Sophie , Dittmar Gunnar , Finkbeiner Steven , Skupin Alexander
Published: January 2022

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second-most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons (mDA) in the midbrain. The underlying mechanisms are only partly understood and there is no treatment to reverse PD progression. Here, we investigated the disease mechanism using mDA neurons differentiated from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) carrying the ILE368ASN mutation within the PINK1 gene, which is strongly associated with PD. Single-cell RNA sequencing (RNAseq) and gene expression analysis of a PINK1-ILE368ASN and a control cell line identified genes differentially expressed during mDA neuron differentiation. Network analysis revealed that these genes form a core network, members of which interact with all known 19 protein-coding Parkinson’s disease-associated genes. This core network encompasses key PD-associated pathways, including ubiquitination, mitochondrial function, protein processing, RNA metabolism, and vesicular transport. Proteomics analysis showed a consistent alteration in proteins of dopamine metabolism, indicating a defect of dopaminergic metabolism in PINK1-ILE368ASN neurons. Our findings suggest the existence of a network onto which pathways associated with PD pathology converge, and offers an inclusive interpretation of the phenotypic heterogeneity of PD.
Human immunocompetent choroid-on-chip: a novel tool for studying ocular effects of biological drugs
Authors: Cipriano Madalena , Schlünder Katharina , Probst Christopher , Linke Kirstin , Weiss Martin , Fischer Mona Julia , Mesch Lena , Achberger Kevin , Liebau Stefan , Mesquida Marina , Nicolini Valeria , Schneider Anneliese , Giusti Anna Maria , Kustermann Stefan , Loskill Peter
Published: January 2022

Disorders of the eye leading to visual impairment are a major issue that affects millions of people. On the other side ocular toxicities were described for e.g. molecularly targeted therapies in oncology and may hamper their development. Current ocular model systems feature a number of limitations affecting human-relevance and availability. To find new options for pharmacological treatment and assess mechanisms of toxicity, hence, novel complex model systems that are human-relevant and readily available are urgently required. Here, we report the development of a human immunocompetent Choroid-on-Chip (CoC), a human cell-based in vitro model of the choroid layer of the eye integrating melanocytes and microvascular endothelial cells, covered by a layer of retinal pigmented epithelial cells. Immunocompetence is achieved by perfusion of peripheral immune cells. We demonstrate controlled immune cell recruitment into the stromal compartments through a vascular monolayer and in vivo-like cytokine release profiles. To investigate applicability for both efficacy testing of immunosuppressive compounds as well as safety profiling of immunoactivating antibodies, we exposed the CoCs to cyclosporine and tested CD3 bispecific antibodies.
Demonstration of targeted crossovers in hybrid maize using CRISPR technology
Authors: Kouranov Andrei , Armstrong Charles , Shrawat Ashok , Sidorov Vladimir , Huesgen Scott , Lemke Bryce , Boyle Timothy , Gasper Michelle , Lawrence Richard , Yang Samuel
Published: January 2022

Naturally occurring chromosomal crossovers (CO) during meiosis are a key driver of genetic diversity. The ability to target CO at specific allelic loci in hybrid plants would provide an advantage to the plant breeding process by facilitating trait introgression, and potentially increasing the rate of genetic gain. We present the first demonstration of targeted CO in hybrid maize utilizing the CRISPR Cas12a system. Our experiments showed that stable and heritable targeted CO can be produced in F1 somatic cells using Cas12a at a significantly higher rate than the natural CO in the same interval. Molecular characterization of the recombinant plants demonstrated that the targeted CO were driven by the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) or HDR repair pathways, presumably during the mitotic cell cycle. These results are a step towards the use of RNA-guided nuclease technology to simplify the creation of targeted genome combinations in progeny and accelerate breeding.
Maternal diabetes-mediated RORA suppression in mice contributes to autism-like offspring through inhibition of aromatase
Authors: Yu Hong , Niu Yanbin , Jia Guohua , Liang Yujie , Chen Baolin , Sun Ruoyu , Wang Min , Huang Saijun , Zeng Jiaying , Lu Jianpin , Li Ling , Guo Xiaoling , Yao Paul
Published: January 2022

Retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORA) suppression is associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) development, although the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we aim to investigate the potential effect and mechanisms of RORA suppression on autism-like behavior (ALB) through maternal diabetes-mediated mouse model. Our in vitro study in human neural progenitor cells shows that transient hyperglycemia induces persistent RORA suppression through oxidative stress-mediated epigenetic modifications and subsequent dissociation of octamer-binding transcription factor 3/4 from the RORA promoter, subsequently suppressing the expression of aromatase and superoxide dismutase 2. The in vivo mouse study shows that prenatal RORA deficiency in neuron-specific RORA null mice mimics maternal diabetes-mediated ALB; postnatal RORA expression in the amygdala ameliorates, while postnatal RORA knockdown mimics, maternal diabetes-mediated ALB in offspring. In addition, RORA mRNA levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells decrease to 34.2% in ASD patients (n = 121) compared to the typically developing group (n = 118), and the related Receiver Operating Characteristic curve shows good sensitivity and specificity with a calculated 84.1% of Area Under the Curve for ASD diagnosis. We conclude that maternal diabetes contributes to ALB in offspring through suppression of RORA and aromatase, RORA expression in PBMC could be a potential marker for ASD screening.
Observation of a transition to a localized ultrasonic phase in soft matter
Authors: Matis Bernard R. , Liskey Steven W. , Gangemi Nicholas T. , Edmunds Aaron D. , Wilson William B. , Wheeler Virginia D. , Houston Brian H. , Baldwin Jeffrey W. , Photiadis Douglas M.
Published: January 2022

Anderson localization arises from the interference of multiple scattering paths in a disordered medium, and applies to both quantum and classical waves. Soft matter provides a unique potential platform to observe localization of non-interacting classical waves because of the order of magnitude difference in speed between fast and slow waves in conjunction with the possibility to achieve strong scattering over broad frequency bands while minimizing dissipation. Here, we provide long sought evidence of a localized phase spanning up to 246 kHz for fast (sound) waves in a soft elastic medium doped with resonant encapsulated microbubbles. We find the transition into the localized phase is accompanied by an anomalous decrease of the mean free path, which provides an experimental signature of the phase transition. At the transition, the decrease in the mean free path with changing frequency (i.e., disorder strength) follows a power law with a critical exponent near unity. Within the localized phase the mean free path is in the range 0.4–1.0 times the wavelength, the transmitted intensity at late times is well-described by the self-consistent localization theory, and the localization length decreases with increasing microbubble volume fraction. Our work sets the foundation for broadband control of localization and the associated phase transition in soft matter, and affords a comparison of theory to experiment.
Fluoroponytailed ionic liquids as co-porogens for poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) monolithic supports for thin layer chromatography
Authors: Otter Manuel , Partl Gabriel , Noisternig Michael , Bakry Rania
Published: January 2022

Porous layered monolithic substrates of poly(butyl methacrylate-co-ethylene dimethacrylate) were synthesized via UV initiated free radical polymerization in the presence of fluoroponytailed ionic liquids as co-porogenic constituents.
A guide to direct mechanocatalysis
Authors: Hwang Suhmi , Grätz Sven , Borchardt Lars
Published: January 2022

Direct mechanocatalysis (DM) describes catalytic reactions in mechanochemical reactors such as ball mills with the distinctive feature that the milling equipment itself is the catalyst.
Electrochemically activated Co-Prussian blue analogue derived amorphous CoB nanostructures: an efficient electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Tripathy Rajat K. , Samantara Aneeya K. , Behera J. N.
Published: January 2022

A series of cobalt borides (CoBs) have been prepared by reducing the Co-PBA with NaBH4 coupled with annealing in the temperature range of 300 °C to 650 °C. After electrochemical activation in alkaline medium, CoB@300 catalyses the OER efficiently.
Are smart delivery systems the solution to overcome the lack of selectivity of current metallodrugs in cancer therapy?
Authors: Franco Machado João , Morais Tânia S.
Published: January 2022

Smart drug delivery systems have been reported to target primary cancers or metastases, where the metallodrugs are released in a controlled and selective way triggered by specific tumour-related stimuli.
Direct measurement of Fe isotope compositions in iron-dominated minerals without column chromatography using MC-ICP-MS
Authors: Chen Kaiyun , Bao Zhian , Yuan Honglin , Lv Nan
Published: January 2022

This study presents a practical method for high-precision Fe isotope determination without column chromatography purification for iron-dominated mineral samples using multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS).
Flexible SERS substrate of silver nanoparticles on cotton swabs for rapid in situ detection of melamine
Authors: Huang Wen-Chien , Cheng Ken-Fa , Shyu Jing-Yuan
Published: January 2022

Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of the SERS cotton swabs. Cell phones can be used for data collection and to push data to a website where data is displayed on a map.
Development of a single-step fluorogenic sirtuin assay and its applications for high-throughput screening
Authors: Wang Pan , Chen Di , An Jian-xiong , Lin Shu-xian , Liu Ting , Li Yan , Chen Lei , He Bin
Published: January 2022

A single-step fluorogenic sirtuin assay with the spontaneous intramolecular transesterification has been developed for high-throughput screening.
The supramolecular chemistry of anions
Authors: Jolliffe Katrina (Kate) A. , Gale Philip A.
Published: January 2022

Guest editors Katrina Jolliffe and Philip Gale introduce theOrganic & Biomolecular Chemistrythemed collection on the supramolecular chemistry of anions.
Ferrocene-sensitized titanium-oxo clusters with effective visible light absorption and excellent photoelectrochemical activity
Authors: Wang Chao , Wang Shoujuan , Kong Fangong , Chen Ning
Published: January 2022

Two novel ferrocene-sensitized titanium-oxo clusters were successfully synthesized, in which the ferrocene ligand acts as a photosensitizer for the photoelectric response.
Simple inorganic base promoted polycyclic construction using mucohalic acid as a C3 synthon: synthesis and AIE probe application of benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines
Authors: Yang Kai , Chen Zhi-Xi , Zhou Yong-Jun , Chen Qi , Yu Shi-Wei , Luo Shi-He , Wang Zhao-Yang
Published: January 2022

Using mucohalic acid as C3 synthon via a transition metal-free multicomponent reaction, an eco-friendly protocol to synthesize C1-functionalized benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines which can be applied as fluorescence probe for picric acid is described.
A novel pathway and seeded polymerizations of aggregates at the thermodynamic state for an amido-anthraquinone compound
Authors: Wang Houchen , Chen Mingyue , Zhu Yuanyuan , Li Yu , Zhang Han , Shi Tiesheng
Published: January 2022

The rationally designed monomer 1 underwent supramolecular polymerization to form aggregates via a novel pathway in which the intramolecular H-bond remained intact.
A sustainable strategy for spent Li-ion battery regeneration: microwave-hydrothermal relithiation complemented with anode-revived graphene to construct a LiFePO4/MWrGO cathode material
Authors: Jiang Zhenyu , Sun Jing , Jia Pingshan , Wang Wenlong , Song Zhanlong , Zhao Xiqiang , Mao Yanpeng
Published: January 2022

Spent LiFePO4 (LFP) cathodes were revived through a microwave-hydrothermal relithiation process, complemented with microwave-reduced graphene oxide (MWrGO) derived from spent graphite anodes, to form a composite LFP/MWrGO cathode material.
Computational screening of single-atom alloys TM@Ru(0001) for enhanced electrochemical nitrogen reduction reaction
Authors: Kour Gurpreet , Mao Xin , Du Aijun
Published: January 2022

Single atom alloys (SAAs) based on TM doped Ru(0001) were investigated for their nitrogen reduction activity using density functional modelling. V@Ru(0001) was found to exhibit a low negative limiting potential and the TOF of the V@Ru(0001) catalyst was shown to be high.
Biomass Juncus derived carbon decorated with cobalt nanoparticles enables high-efficiency ammonia electrosynthesis by nitrite reduction
Authors: Wang Jiaqian , Liang Jie , Liu Pengyu , Yan Zhe , Cui Linxia , Yue Luchao , Zhang Longcheng , Ren Yuchun , Li Tingshuai , Luo Yonglan , Liu Qian , Zhao Xian-En , Li Na , Tang Bo , Liu Yang , Gao Shuyan , Asiri Abdullah M. , Hao Haigang , Gao Rui , Sun Xuping
Published: January 2022

Highly dispersed Co nanoparticles on biomass Juncus derived carbon achieve superb nitrite reduction performances with a faradaic efficiency of 96.9% and an NH3 yield of 2.8 mol h−1 gCo−1. The catalytic mechanism is revealed by DFT calculations.
Activating the lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism in amorphous molybdenum cobalt oxide nanosheets for water oxidation
Authors: Wang Xiang , Xing Congcong , Liang Zhifu , Guardia Pablo , Han Xu , Zuo Yong , Llorca Jordi , Arbiol Jordi , Li Junshan , Cabot Andreu
Published: January 2022

Amorphous ultrathin MoCoxOynanosheets with excellent OER catalytic performance were prepared, and the incorporation of molybdenum to enable a lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM).
Correction: A dynamic anode boosting sulfamerazine mineralization via electrochemical oxidation
Authors: Deng Fengxia , Xie Jinyu , Garcia-Rodriguez Orlando , Jing Baojian , Zhu Yingshi , Chen Zhonglin , Hsu Jyh-Ping , Jiang Jizhou , Bai Shunwen , Qiu Shan
Published: January 2022

Correction for ‘A dynamic anode boosting sulfamerazine mineralization via electrochemical oxidation’ by Fengxia Deng et al., J. Mater. Chem. A, 2022, 10, 192–208, DOI: 10.1039/D1TA08095D.
Facile one-pot synthesis of white emitting gold nanocluster solutions composed of red, green and blue emitters
Authors: Moreaud Laureen , Prasad Janak , Mazères Serges , Marcelot Cécile , Comby-Zerbino Clothilde , Antoine Rodolphe , Heintz Olivier , Dujardin Erik
Published: January 2022

White emitting solutions of functionalized and water-soluble gold clusters are produced and characterized by XPS, ESI-MS, fluorescence spectrometry and HRTEM.
Multiple current amplifier‐based gate driving for parallel operation of discrete SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Aretxabaleta Iker , Martínez de Alegría Iñigo , Garate Jose Ignacio , Ugalde Unai , Martín José Luis
Published: January 2022

The shorter switching times of silicon carbide (SiC) MOSFETs enable power converters to operate at higher frequencies than with silicon IGBTs. However, because SiC MOSFET die sizes are still relatively small, several devices have to be connected in parallel to cope with the high current ratings demanded. For the total current to be evenly distributed among all the MOSFETs, the gate circuit and power layout must meet stringent symmetry requirements. However, space limitations on the circuit surface hinders the achievement of full symmetries on both the power and gate layouts because they constrain one another. This paper proposes a solution for safely paralleling discrete SiC MOSFETs while decoupling the gate and power layout designs. It requires placing one BJT‐based fast current amplifier as close as possible to each MOSFET rather than using just one to feed all the MOS gates. This reduces the noise in the received gating signals and, more importantly, reduces the sensitivity of driver‐gate path geometric / electric mismatches. This makes it possible to safely relax the symmetry requirements for the gating circuitry, thereby providing designers with more freedom to achieve better symmetry in the power layout.
The effect of spiral arms on the Sérsic photometry of galaxies
Authors: Sonnenfeld Alessandro
Published: January 2022

Context.The Sérsic profile is a widely used model for describing the surface brightness distribution of galaxies. Spiral galaxies, however, are qualitatively different from a Sérsic model.

Aims.The goal of this study is to assess how accurately the total flux and half-light radius of a galaxy with spiral arms can be recovered when fitted with a Sérsic profile.

Methods.I selected a sample of bulge-dominated galaxies with spiral arms. Using photometric data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam survey, I estimated the contribution of the spiral arms to their total flux. Then I generated simulated images of galaxies with similar characteristics, fitted them with a Sérsic model, and quantified the error on the determination of the total flux and half-light radius.

Results.Spiral arms can introduce biases on the photometry of galaxies in a way that depends on the underlying smooth surface brightness profile, the location of the arms, and the depth of the photometric data. A set of spiral arms accounting for 10% of the flux of a bulge-dominated galaxy typically causes the total flux and the half-light radius to be overestimated by 15% and 30%, respectively. This bias, however, is much smaller if the galaxy is disk-dominated.

Conclusions.Galaxies with a prominent bulge and a non-zero contribution from spiral arms are the most susceptible to biases in the total flux and half-light radius when fitted with a Sérsic profile. If photometric measurements with high accuracy are required, then measurements over finite apertures are to be preferred over global estimates of the flux.
Stud-breeding work in sheep breeding based on cytogenetic monitoring
Authors: Rossokha Vladimir Ivanovich , Pomitun Ivan Andreevich , Tkachev Alexandr Vladimirovich , Tkacheva Olga Leonidovna , Zubova Tatyana Vladimir , Pleshkov Vladimir Aleksandrovich , Smolovskaya Oksana Vladimirovna
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of the cytogenetic monitoring in the breeding, selection and reproduction of sheep in the ecological conditions of Ukraine. A cytogenetic analysis of sheep with low and high vigor and different levels of fertility was carried out. In the ecological conditions of Ukraine, the individual level of chromosomal abnormalities in all the studied animals of the Tsigai breed and prekos is within the natural background. No translocations were found. Among the violations, such as single and paired fragments, hypo- and hyperploidy (mainly hypoploidy), polyploidy were encountered. The maximum average level of chromosomal abnormalities was found in local lambs (5.5 ±1.73%). The minimum average level of chromosomal abnormalities (2.0 ±1.41%) was recorded in lambs with high growth intensity. Among the structural changes, mutations of the chromosomal type prevailed in the 3-year-old group of rams - 0.46%, in the 8-year-old group - 0.59%. Chromatid disturbances were 0.37% and 0.34%, respectively. The average level of chromosomal abnormalities in rams by groups was 0.84 ±0.14 and 0.93 ±0.13, respectively. In the group of ewes with low fertility (n = 4), the level of chromosomal abnormalities was 3.5%, which is lower than ewes (n = 7) with high fertility by 0.79%.
Synanthropic flora of Kuzbass
Authors: Sheremetova S.A. , Vityaz S.N. , Rotkina E.B. , Mikhailova S.I.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the materials of studies of the adventive flora of the Kemerovo region. For the territory of the Kemerovo region, we identified 244 alien species belonging to 162 genera and 50 families. As a result of the increasing process of invasion of new species into the territory of the region, the need for constant monitoring of alien species for the degree of their naturalization, especially in natural cenoses, is urgent. The problem of synanthropic plant species is becoming increasingly important not only for economically developed territories, but also for the relatively preserved mountain regions of Kuzbass. As a result of the studies, it was found that the synanthropic fraction of the Kuzbass flora, consisting of adventive and apophyte species, accounts for about 18% of the total composition of the flora of vascular plants in the Kemerovo region (60 apophyte species, 244 – advent ones). The revealed heterogeneity in the chorological, ecological and biological terms of the species of the adventive fraction makes it possible to find suitable conditions in various types of ecotopes on the territory of the Kemerovo region. This type of work can serve as a basis for developing a strategy for the preservation of natural phytosystems of Kuzbass.
Effective use of innovative technologies in mixed sowing of annual crops
Authors: Podlasova E. Yu. , Lebedev S. V.
Published: January 2022

It is impossible to organize proper feeding of farm animals without a detailed study of the composition of the nutritional content of feed. Legume-grass mixtures occupy one of main places in solving the problem of high-quality feed production. Since mixed crops of legumes and cereals retain high fodder quality of green mass due to high protein content in legumes. To meet the need for a high-quality feed base, it is necessary to look for ways to increase the yield of fodder crops. The use of innovative technologies is one of the components of modern crop production. The aim of the study was to study the methods of seed treatment in conjunction with the technology of mixed crops; it allows obtaining a green mass with the desired productive properties. Thus, the article presents the materials of a field study on the development of a highly productive green feed. The results of the study of combined and mixed crops on the nutritional value and productivity of annual forages of peas, millet, and barley using pre-sowing seed treatment with ultrafine particles of SiO2; MoO2; Fe3O4 and growth regulators AgroVerm and RibavExtra were obtained. As a result of the experiment, it was shown that the use of pre-sowing treatment of seeds with ultradispersed SiO2 particles in combined crops showed the maximum leaf surface area of 85.5 thousand m2/ha. By the time of harvesting, the safety of plants on variants with the use of SiO2; Fe3O4; MoO2 was 88.4%; 87.5%; 86.5% respectively. According to the collection of digestible protein, variant with the use of ultrafine particles SiO2 was 20% in both sowing methods. Low protein content was 16.1%; 16.4% in the control variants respectively. According to the content of feed units in 1 kg of dry matter, SiO2 variants prevail with 0.91. Thus, the research is the basis for possible studying of combined and mixed crops with the use of pre-sowing seed treatment with ultrafine particles. It allows obtaining high-quality feed.
The effectiveness of agrotextile cover with organic photoluminophore in rooting cuttings of Hungarian lilac (Syringa josikaea J. Jacq. ex Rchb.)
Authors: Khramov Robert , Martynova Natalia , Besschetnova Natalia , Besschetnov Vladimir , Luponosov Yuriy
Published: January 2022

The effectiveness of the use of a light-transforming shelter of vegetation structures consisting of a polypropylene spunbond with an organic photoluminophore integrated into its structure during the rooting of physiologically active stem cuttings of Hungarian lilac was studied. The object of the study was reproductively mature Hungarian lilac plants located in the arboretum of the Nizhny Novgorod State Agricultural Academy with geographical coordinates 56°14'32.7” N 43°57'20.7”E. The unequal reaction of the tested samples of Hungarian lilac to the use of luminophore in the shelters of vegetation structures during the rooting of cuttings was established, which manifested itself in all characteristics of regeneration processes. High rates of callus formation were in the shelter variants with a higher concentration of luminophore: 73.16 ± 5.95% and 65.25± 4.80%. Lower than in other shelters, the result was recorded in the variant with the lowest luminophore density: 47.00 ± 3.62%.
Performance improvement of aquaponics systems when using microbiological strains in them
Authors: Krotova Olga , Chelbin Sergey , Krotova Maria , Sangadzhieva Olga , Khalgaeva Kermen
Published: January 2022

The essence of the method of operation of the aquaponic system is to use the vital waste of aquatic animals as food for plants. At the first stage, the fish produces waste products. Then, in the second stage, microbes and worms convert the waste into fertilizers for plants. During the process, at the third stage, plants consume the necessary products of excretion of living organisms. Aquaponics is an artificial ecosystem in which three types of living organisms are key: aquatic animals (usually fish or shrimp), plants and bacteria. This technology works on the principle of an ecosystem of fish and plants: fish provides food to plants, and plants purify water and are environmentally friendly. The essence of this method is to use the vital waste of aquatic animals (fish, shrimp) as a nutrient medium for plants. These are chemicals such as nitrogenous, potassium, phosphorus compounds, carbon dioxide. Thanks to aquaponic farms, the costs of water and other natural resources, soil pollution and the use of insecticides are already being reduced in different places of our planet. Such systems are a sustainable ecosystem capable of producing organic matter that does not contain toxic substances often present in vegetables grown by traditional methods.
Influence of the concentrations of essential and toxic elements in the blood serum on the indicators of sperm quality in Arabian purebred stallions
Authors: Kalashnikov V. V. , Zaitsev A. M. , Atroschenko M. M. , Zavyalov O. A. , Frolov A. N. , Kurilkina M. Ya.
Published: January 2022

Analysis of trace elements in blood serum can be an important tool for monitoring micronutrient supply in stallions in order to maintain reproductive health. In this regard, the purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the concentrations of macro- and microelements in the blood serum of stud stallions with the qualitative characteristics of fresh sperm and sperm after cryopreservation and thawing. The studies were carried out on purebred Arabian stallions (n=50). As a biomaterial for studies, we used blood serum, fresh and thawed sperm after cryopreservation. The elemental composition of seminal plasma was determined by 25 chemical elements Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, I, Mn, Se, Zn Ca, K, Mg, P, B, Li, Si, V Na, Ni, Sn, Hg, Sr, Al, As, Cd, Pb) by ICP-DRC-MS methods. It was found that the concentrations of Mg and Co in the blood serum positively correlate with the qualitative characteristics of the sperm of Arabian purebred stallions. Wherein, the optimal range of concentrations of Mg in the blood serum, typical for stallions with relatively high indicators of sperm quality, is 22.64 to 27.05 μg/g; Co – 0.001 to 0.0015 μg/g.
The expediency of using a plant protection system using the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, W in the cultivation of winter wheat in the Southern natural and agricultural zone of the Rostov region
Authors: Urban Gennady , Krotova Olga , Efimov Denis , Savenkov Konstantin , Savenkova Maria
Published: January 2022

The authors analyzed the biological effectiveness of the integrated plant protection system formed when the microbiological fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh was included in the classical protection scheme adopted in the farms of the Rostov region. The biological effectiveness of the integrated protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, was analyzed, the impact of the studied protection system on the yield, the quality of the grain obtained, the phytosanitary condition of the crop during the growing season on winter wheat crops of the variety Nakhodka with the use of a plant protection system, including the fungicide BisolbiSan, Zh. The fungicide BisolbiSan, containing a culture of rhizospheric bacteria Bacillus subtilis strain H-13, suppresses the germination of spores and mycelium growth of phytopathogenic fungi due to the multilateral action of bacterial metabolites, without causing the formation of resistance in pathogens. It was found that the protection system used practically does not cause a decrease in grain quality — in terms of the average protein and gluten content, the grain at the experimental site even slightly exceeds the grain obtained from the control site by 16.88% and 27.8%. With the cost of winter wheat grain of 1100 rubles/kg, an increase in the yield in the experiment of 3.8 kg/ha in relation to control and the cost of an experimental protection system in the amount of 3,357 rubles/ha, revenue amounted to 823 rubles/ha.
Genetic variation of CAST gene in Local Karnobat and Karnobat merino sheep breeds
Authors: Dimitrova Ivona , Bozhilova-Sakova Milena , Iliev Margarit , Teneva Atanaska
Published: January 2022

Karnobat sheep plays an important role in the development of sheep breeding in Southeastern region of Bulgaria. They are valuable source of genetic material. The aim of present experiment was to determine the allele variation of CAST gene in Local Karnobat and Karnobat Merino sheep breeds. A total of 60 blood samples were collected – 30 per breed. DNA was extracted and genotypes of all animals were identified by means of PCR-RFLP technique. The restriction reactions were accomplished by specific enzymeMspI. As expected both breeds were characterized with low level of genetic diversity due to the fact that mostly maintaining selection has been implemented. In Local Karnobat sheep breed was identified only one heterozygous individual from all 30. In Karnobat merino were identified allele M with frequency 0,97 and allele N with frequency 0,03. Genotypes MM and MN were revealed with frequencies 0,93 and 0,07, respectively. According to the statistical analysis both breeds were in HWE equilibrium.
Functional bread enreached with regional bioactive food additives
Authors: Khamitsaeva A. S. , Sadovoy V. V. , Ramonova Z. G. , Semenov P. N. , Nartikoeva A. O. , Dzodzieva E. S. , Gasieva V. A. , Khamitsaeva Z. S. , Sebetov V. Kh. , Zokoeva S. F.
Published: January 2022

The scientific work presents materials of theoretical and experimental substantiation of the use of regional bioactive food additives, namely wild plants of the legume family (Fabaceae), permitted for use in the food industry: sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis), red meadow clover (Trifolium pratense), white acacia (Robinia pseudoacacia) in the production of functional foods [1]. Experimental studies of the safety indicators of food wild-growing plants (FWP) have been carried out. It was found that the studied FWP growing in ecologically clean areas of the North Ossetia-Alania are distinguished by a low mass fraction of toxic substances. Two fractions of cellulose were investigated: 1 - water-soluble (pectic acid, pectin, methylcellulose); 2 - water-insoluble (protopectin, cellulose, hemicellulose). The increased content of dietary fiber in WGP powders has been established, corresponding to the physiological norms of satisfying the daily requirement for FWP and, in this regard, indicating the expediency of using functional food in formulations for the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus, obesity, and atherosclerosis. The sorption capacity of WGP powders with respect to lead has been investigated. All studied powders of WGP modification products are characterized by high sorption capacity. The technologies of flour products with the addition of FWP powders have been developed. The results of clinical and preclinical studies of the developed functional bread show a corrective effect of glycemic blood parameters, as well as a decrease in the lead content in the blood of fed laboratory rat pups by almost two times, compared with the control.
Realization of the bioresource potential of the middle late hybrid of corn Beshtau in the steppe zone of the Chechen republic
Authors: Amaeva A.G. , Adaev N. L. , Bagrintseva V. N. , Aiskhanova J. H. , Salamova K.M.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of studying the bioresource potential of the medium-late hybrid of corn Beshtau at the All-Russian Research Institute of corn on dry land and at the Chechen Research Institute of Agriculture on irrigation. In the steppe zone of the republic, against the background of the use of irrigation, the application of mineral fertilizers at a dose of N90P120K60 in combination with pre-sowing seed treatment with the agrochemical Bioplant Flora (1.0 l / t) and foliar top dressing with a tank fertilizer mixture Kristalon (3 kg / ha) + Brexil Zn (0, 15 kg / ha) + urea (7 kg / ha) showed high efficiency in realizing the potential of the Beshtau hybrid. Due to irrigation and the use of these fertilizers, it turned out to be possible to increase the grain yield of the Beshtau corn hybrid to 12 t / ha. The application of mineral fertilizers to the soil at a dose of N90P120K60 in combination with foliar feeding of plants with the agrochemical Bioplant Flora at a dose of 1.0 l / ha in 5 leaves and 2.0 l / ha in 8 leaves increased the starch content in the grain from 62.63 to 72.08%, protein - from 10.65 to 12.28%.
Effectiveness of biotechnology on the basis of associative microorganisms at the early stages of forestry process of the Pinus sylvestris L.
Authors: Sautkina Marina Yu. , Kuznetsova Nina F. , Semenov Michael A. , Khoroschev Andrew S.
Published: January 2022

The transition to biologically based technologies is one of the priority scientific areas of agriculture and forestry in Russia. The aim of the work is to develop and modify the technology of using biological products on forest tree species and to test it on Scots pine. The effect of pre-sowing inoculation of pine seeds with biological products on soil germination, safety of one- and two-year-old seedlings and their biometric characteristics was studied. The results of the analysis of soil germination of seeds and the safety of 1-year-old seedlings showed that these biological products can be introduced into the technology of growing planting material of Scots pine. It was revealed that the seeds of sensitive trees of the Stupinskaya population turned out to be the most responsive to inoculation with biological products. A stimulating effect has been established on the survival rate of seedlings, preservation, height, growth and diameter of 2-year-old plants in a forestry area (Vernadsky forestry, Tambov region). The height of 2-year-old seedlings of pine 'Ostrogozhskaya' exceeds the control by an average of 18.1%. The use of this biotechnology in forestry production will create favorable conditions for the germination of pine seeds, the growth of seedlings and their higher survival rate.