bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The chemical and microbial safety of insect-based feed and food
Authors:   INRAE - UR370 Animal Products Quality Unit, France, Planche Christelle , Engel Erwan ,   INRAE - UR370 Animal Products Quality Unit, France, Nielsen-LeRoux Christina ,   Université Paris-Saclay – INRAE-UMR1319 Micalis-AgroParisTech, France
Published: February 2025

This chapter discusses chemical and pathogen hazards related to industrial production of selected insect species such as the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and house cricket (Acheta domesticus), both of which are authorized for human food and animal feed in the European Union (EU). The chapter also considers black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) (Hermetia illucens) which are only allowed as animal feed in Europe. The chapter reviews hazards associated with rearing, processing and storage of the insect and derived products focussing particularly on chemicals and pathogens known to be of risk for human consumption. The chapter also discusses techniques related to hazard detection and monitoring.
Possibilité de production de papier journal à petite échelle à partir du Kénaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.)
Authors: Tissot M. , Boulanger J.
Published: February 2025

Pour répondre à la demande des marchés locaux de pâte à papier, les pays en développement devront recourir à des substances fibreuses non conventionnelles et à de nouveaux procédés de fabrication. La pâte à papier à haut rendement peut répondre aux exigences de la fabrication à petite échelle.Cet article présente une solution technologique pour la production de papier journal à partir de Kénaf. Les essais de laboratoire réalisés au C.T.F.T. sont décrits. La technologie Bi Vis a donné des résultats satisfaisants avec le Kénaf pour l'obtention d'une pâte à haut rendement et du papier journal a été fabriqué à partir de 100 % de cette pâte.Dans les pays en voie de développement, un renouveau du Kénaf associé à une technologie modifiée à petite échelle (Bi Vis) peut apporter une solution au problème de l'approvisionnement en papier journal.A cet égard, le Kénaf, plante cultivée, mérite l'attention des agronomes et des économistes.
PENGEMBANGAN E-INSTRUMEN FOUR-TIER MULTIPLE CHOICE TEST BERBANTUAN GOOGLE FORM UNTUK MENGUKUR KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KRITIS PADA MATERI STOIKIOMETRI
Authors: Pahlevi Risa Nur , Mahdian Mahdian , Kusasi Muhammad , Iriani Rilia
Published: February 2025

Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai pengembangan instrumen Four-Tier Multiple Choice Test untuk mengukur keterampilan berpikir kritis peserta didik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kevalidan, reliabilitas, daya beda, dan tingkat kesukaran dari butir soal yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Research and Development (R&D). Model pengembangan penelitian ini mengikuti model ADDIE. Subjek penelitian terdiri dari 145 peserta didik XI MIPA SMAN 4 Banjarmasin. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan instrumen tes dan angket. Instrumen tes diuji coba dan dianalisis melalui tahap uji coba kelompok kecil dan uji coba lapangan. Diperoleh sebanyak 12 butir soal dinyatakan valid, memiliki reliabilitas instrumen sebesar 0,726 (reliabel), daya pembeda memiliki nilai diskriminasi lebih dari 0,30 (sedang-baik sekali), dan tingkat kesukaran yang baik (rendah-sedang). Instrumen tes memiliki tingkat keterbacaan yang baik sekali.
Studi Komparatif : Swamedikasi Haid Siswi Sekolah Menengah Pertama dengan Mahasiswi Fakultas Kesehatan Masyarakat
Authors: Sembiring Andini , Wahyudi Wahyudi , Salsabilla Anggina Zahra , Azizah Najwa , Dawamah Nurazizah , Cantika Shafira Putri
Published: February 2025

The purpose of this study was to compare the health status of students in Junior High School and lecturers at the Faculty of Public Health, UIN North Sumatera, totaling 87 respondents. To compare the results of each group, data analysis was performed using the Chi-square statistical test, t-test, and regression analysis. The findings of the research study showed that 89% of female students had very good attitudes/behaviors indicating that self-medication, compared to 86% of junior high school students. Knowledge was found to be good in 52% of female students and only 40% of junior high school students in this category. From menstruation, 44% of female students and 41% of junior high school students reduce menstruation with at least warm water, while 70% of female students and 60% of junior high school students do not take any medicine. About 68% of female students first experienced menstruation in junior high school, while 48% of junior high school students first experienced menstruation in elementary school. The practical implication of this concept is the need for menstrual education based on knowledge and skills from birth, especially for junior high school students, in order to improve their ability to handle menstruation efficiently. The findings of this study indicate that in terms of menstrual self-medication, university students have a higher level of knowledge and maturity compared to junior high school students
Aplikasi PGPR, Trichoderma sp. dan Bokashi Kiambang (Pistia stratiotes L.) Untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Fusarium Pada Padi Beras Merah (Oryza nivara L.) Di Lahan Basah
Authors: Krisnawati Wiwik , Budi Ismed Setya , Marsuni Yusriadi
Published: February 2025

Padi beras merah mulai banyak dibudidayakan karena dimanfaat untuk kesehatan, namun penanamannya seringkali mengalami kendala, salah satunya adalah gangguan penyakit layu fusarium. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria), Trichoderma sp. dan Bokashi Kiambang terhadap kejadian penyakit layu fusarium pada padi merah. Metode menggunakan RAL. Penelitian dilakukan di lahan basah kecamatan Cempaka, Banjarbaru. Pengamatan ini dilakukan sebanyak empat kali yaitu sebelum perlakuan, sepuluh hari setelah perlakuan pertama dan berikut tiap 10 hari. Hasil pengamatan kejadian penyakit serangan penyakit layu fusarium yang muncul daun hijau kekuningan, cepat mengering dan tanaman mati. Hasil kejadian penyakit pada perlakuan aplikasi PGPR, Trichoderma sp dan bokashi kiambang tidak berpengaruh. PGPR, Trichoderma sp dan bokashi kiambang tidak memberikan pengaruh karena tanaman padi memasuki pada fase generatif. Penggunaan kombinasi PGPR, Trichoderma sp. dan bokashi kiambang dapat meningkatkan jumlah bulir/malai pada perlakuan 60 hari. 70 hari dan80 hari sebesar 223,00 bulir/malai, sedangkan pada kontrol hanya 147,00 bulir/malai. Hasil penggunaan kombinasi PGPR, Trichoderma sp. dan bokashi kiambang dapat meningkatkan berat 100 bulir seberat 2,18 g disbanding kontrol hanya 1,15 g.
Efektifitas Ukuran Panjang Lubang Masuk Perangkap Tikus Sawah (Rattus argentiventer)
Authors: Rifani Muhammad Indar , Pramudi Muhammad Indar , Marsuni Yusriadi
Published: February 2025

Rusaknya tanaman padi akibat tikus sawah (R. argentiventer) mulai dari persemaian, pengendalian tikus memakai perangkap adalah cara pengendalian yang relatif lebih aman dibandingkan penggunaan bahan kimia. Tujuan dari penelitan ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas panjang pipa masuk perangkap tikus dalam memerangkap tikus sawah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk mengetahui pengaruh efektivitas panjang lubang masuk perangkap dalam memerangkap tikus sawah yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan perangkap tikus dengan panjang lubang masuk 15 cm lebih efektif dalam memerangkap tikus sawah jika dibandingkan dengan perangkap lubang masuk 20 cm dan 25 cm, karena pada perangkap dengan panjang lubang masuk 15 cm mampu memerangkap 3 ekor tikus sawah. Sementara pada perangkap kontrol didapat 1 ekor.
Efektifitas Larutan Daun Gelinggang (Cassia alata L.) dalam Menghambat Kejadian Penyakit Antraknosa (Colletotrichum sp.) pada Tanaman Cabai Rawit
Authors: Janah Norhuda Ariatul , Fitriyanti Dewi , Aidawati Noor
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini menggunakan pestisida nabati dari larutan daun gelinggang yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas larutan daun gelinggang dalam menghambat kejadian penyakit cendawan Colletotrichum sp. pada tanaman cabai rawit. Penelitian  menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yang terdiri dari 6 perlakuan dengan 4 kali ulangan, setiap unit perlakuan terdiri dari 2 tanaman sehingga total tanaman yang diujikan sebanyak 48 unit satuan percobaan. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu tanpa perlakuan (T0), perlakuan kimia (TM) larutan daun gelinggang 5% (T1), larutan daun gelinggang  10% (T2), larutan daun gelinggang 15% (T3) dan larutan daun gelinggang 20% (T4). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa larutan daun gelinggang efektif dalam menghambat kejadian penyakit antraknosa. Dengan persentase kejadian penyakit paling rendah sebesar 31,3% perlakuan T4, diikuti perlakuan T3  sebesar 32,5%, T2 sebesar 36,3% berbeda dengan tanpa perlakuan (kontrol) yaitu sebesar 47,5.
Ginger genome enables identification of SMPED1 causing sex-phase synchrony and outcrossing in a flowering plant
Authors: Zhao Jian-Li , Dong Yang , Huang Ao-Dan Ao-Dan , Duan Sheng-Chang , Peng Xiao-Chang , Liao Hong , Chen Jianghua , Luo Yin-Ling , Lan Qin-Ying , Wang Ya-Li , Wang Wen-Jing , Zhu Xinmeng , Luo Pei-Wen , Xia Xue , Li Bo , Kress W John , Han Jiajia , Barrett Spencer , Chen Wei , Li Qing-Jun
Published: February 2025

In many flowering plants, male and female reproductive organs mature at different times to avoid self-pollination, a phenomenon termed dichogamy. Most dichogamous species are either protandrous (male function first) or protogynous (female function first), making this strategy difficult to be studied. However, in the ginger Alpinia mutica, protandrous and protogynous morphotypes co-occur within populations and cross-pollinate one another. Here, we demonstrate that a single Mendelian locus with a dominant allele governing protogyny controls sexual polymorphism. We used haplotype-resolved genomes and population genomics to identify the dichogamy-determining region, revealing a large deletion in the protandrous morphotype. STYLE MOVEMENT AND POLLEN EARLY DISPERSAL 1 (SMPED1), located adjacent to the deletion,governs the timing of anther dehiscence and style movement. SMPED1 is widespread among angiosperms and likely has a conserved function. Our findings represent the first genetic characterization of a key mating system gene controlling the synchrony of sex organs in flowering plants.
Nanophotonic Quantum Skyrmions Empowered by Semiconductor Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics
Authors: Liu Jin , Ma Jiantao , Yang Jiawei , Liu Shunfa , Chen Bo , Li Xueshi , Song Changkun , Qiu Guixin , Zou Kai , Hu Xiaolong , Yu Ying
Published: February 2025

Skyrmions are topologically stable quasiparticles that have been investigated in a variety of branches in modern physics including particle physics, quantum field theory, solid-state physics, acoustics and condensed-matter physics. The recent exploration of skyrmions in classical optics exhibits the transformative potential of photonic information technology. The quantum optical skyrmion with local topological textures is expected to profoundly reshape the landscape of quantum photonic technology yet its experimental realization remains elusive. Here, we present realizations of nanophotonic quantum skyrmions created by a semiconductor cavity quantum electrodynamics system. By carefully engineering the photonic spin-orbit coupling in a Gaussian microcavity, we construct a confined optical mode whose polarizations feature skyrmionic topologies. With pronounced cavity quantum electrodynamics effects, single-photon skyrmions are generated from a solid-state quantum emitter deterministically coupled to the Gaussian microcavity. The polarity associated with single-photon skyrmions can be swapped by flipping the polarization of the quantum emitter via the Zeeman effect. We further investigate the topological protection of quantum optical skyrmions under different perturbations. Our work opens an unexplored paradigm of quantum light-matter interactions in the nanoscale and may advance resilient photonic quantum technology with high-dimensional qubits and high-capacity quantum memories.
Lfc Enhancement in Dg System Penetrated With Pv-wind and Integrated Battery Charging Station Using Enhanced Gorilla Troop-marine Predator Optimisation
Authors: KALEESWARI M , SIVAKUMAR P , ASWINI A
Published: February 2025

Adaptation of Electric vehicles (EV) increases, it tends to generate a surplus amount of electrical power to satisfy the load demand and power generation during peak load periods. The penetration of Renewable Energy Sources(RES) plays a vital role in increasing the overall power demand for supplying energy to Electric Vehicle Charging stations (EVCS). With different charging patterns of EVs and penetration of intermittent sources like solar and PV, overall power demand and generation lead to instability. Load Frequency Control(LFC) with an optimized PID controller must reach stability under different frequency-deregulated environment conditions. LFC controller with various optimization techniques was analysed in this research. The stabilization of the grid with RES with EV integration becomes more challenging. In this research, the proposed model is analyzed with different unique optimization techniques like hybrid Enhanced Gorilla Troop Optimisation-Marine Predator Algorithm(EGTO-MPA),Pufferfish Optimisation(PFO), Botox(BTO) optimization, Artificial gorilla troop optimization algorithm combining sine cosine Cauchy variations(AGTO-SCCV), and Secretary Bird Optimisation Algorithm(SBOA) for tuning LFC to attain stability. However, EGTO-MPA provides better stability than other algorithms and the EVCS integrated grid which is penetrated with PV-wind attains stability in frequency regulated environment during load disturbances and different source pattern variations. This proposed research work deals with the analysis of enhancement of LFC performance with the hybrid EGTO-MPA optimization algorithm for 146- Indian Utility Bus system which are analysed as four control areas and examined with penetration of renewable energy sources and EVCS integration with the hydrothermal system. Settling time and Integral Time Absolute Error(ITAE) with the EGTO-MPA optimization method provide very excellent performance for system load variations and different charging patterns of EV and intermittent source variations.
Skin cancer diagnosis (SCD) using EfficientNet-Wavelet and Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO)
Authors: Mousa Ramin , Bengari Amir Ali
Published: February 2025

One of the most dangerous types of cancer is skin cancer (SC), which is seen in the form of skin lesions in the patient and can threaten the patient's life if not treated on time. With early diagnosis of this disease, more effective treatment methods can be used and the progression of the disease can be prevented. Various machine learning and deep learning methods have been developed for early skin cancer diagnosis. However, one of the benefits of deep learning is the ability to learn enormous volumes of data which abundances the trend towards deep learning methods. In this article, a method based on the combination of EfficientNet and Wavelet is presented to classify skin cancer images. Various combinations of the EfficientNet approach, including B0, B1, B2 and B3, are considered for this purpose. Also, Gray Wolf Optimization (WGO) is used to find the optimal values of the features. Two datasets of ISIC-2016 and ISIC-2017 are considered for model evaluation. Based on the obtain results, the EfficientNetB3+Wavelet+GWO model obtained the best result on the ISIC-2016 data and is able to achieve an accuracy of 0.9814 and an F-measure of 0.9827. Furthermore, in the ISIC-2017 data set, the EfficientNetB1+Wavelet+GWO model achieves the best performance with an accuracy of 0.9795 and an F-measure of 0.9797 in ISIC-2017 data.
DNA damage in the leukocytes of nanocomposite-exposed workers
Authors: Rossner Pavel , Novotna Bozena , Pelclova Daniela , Zdimal Vladimir , Lischkova Lucie , Klusackova Pavlina , Ondracek Jakub , Schwarz Jaroslav , Maskova Ludmila , Dvorackova Stepanka , Milcova Alena , Ambroz Antonin , Rossnerova Andrea
Published: February 2025

Background
Human exposure to nanoparticles (NPs) poses potential health risks that are modulated, for example, by the physico-chemical characteristics of NPs, the exposure route and the dose of NPs. Among 21 workers involved for many years in welding on metal surfaces and the machining of nanocomposites, we investigated the role of NPs in the induction of DNA damage. Blood samples of the exposed subjects were collected before and after their working shifts. The controls (21 individuals not exposed to any known health risk factor) were sampled in parallel with the exposed ones. NP exposure concentrations were assessed using stationary and personal monitors. DNA damage, including oxidized bases and strand breaks (DNA-SB), in leukocytes was analyzed using Comet assay.
Results
The particles monitoring showed that machining was the dominant source of NPs. When compared with the controls, nanocomposite-exposed workers had significantly increased levels of both DNA damage types. In subjects performing machining, post-shift DNA-SB levels were significantly higher than those pre-shift. In welders, such an effect was not observed. Importantly, in both groups, levels of oxidatively damaged DNA were comparable in the post-shift vs. pre-shift samples.
Conclusions
The lack of increased DNA oxidation in the post-shift samples suggests the induction of adaptive processes, probably related to long-term occupational exposure to NPs, that protect the organism against this type of DNA damage. However, despite this observation, the potential negative health impacts associated with NP inhalation cannot be ruled out.
Advancing Glaucoma Diagnosis: A Hybrid Approach Utilizing Bio-Inspired Algorithms and Neuro-Fuzzy Techniques
Authors: khakpour Yaser , akbari Mahla , Soltani-Moghadam Reza , alizadeh Haleh
Published: February 2025

Glaucoma is a disease related to the retina of the eye that leads to damage to the optic nerve. The optic nerve receives electrical signals from the retina and transmits them to the brain, where they are interpreted as vision. Glaucoma is usually [not always] associated with increased intraocular pressure, and this increase in pressure results in damage to the optic nerve. Currently, millions of people suffer from this disease. Early diagnosis of this condition can save patients from blindness. Therefore, various methods for its diagnosis have been developed. The hallmark of this disease is the degeneration of the optic nerve and the loss of visual field. The optic nerve head (ONH) is a part that connects the optic nerve to the retina, and its two-dimensional structure is called the optic disc. The effects of glaucoma manifest in this region of the retina. The conventional method for assessing glaucoma progression is the cup-to-disc ratio (c/d). The main purpose of this study is to identify images affected by glaucoma in its early stages by calculating the c/d ratio. Since in glaucoma, in addition to the optic nerve head, other layers of the eye such as the Ganglion Cell Layer (GCL) are also affected, this study will also examine this layer to establish a meaningful relationship between GCL and primary glaucoma. Evaluation will be based on two criteria: sensitivity and specificity, and based on results obtained from an expert physician's opinion as a standard reference.
Features of tissue healing of laparotomy wounds after cesarean section in obesity
Authors:   Ogarev Mordovia State University, A. Davydova Elena , P. Vlasov Aleksey ,   Ogarev Mordovia State University, E. Markina Alina ,   Ogarev Mordovia State University, I. Vlasova Tatyana ,   Ogarev Mordovia State University, G. Sardaeva Darya ,   Ogarev Mordovia State University
Published: February 2025

Background. Recently, the number of cesarean section deliveries has increased, which increases the risk of postoperative complications. One of the important risk factors is obesity, which significantly complicates the healing of laparotomy wounds. The purpose of the study was to establish a link between the degree of obesity and the presence of complications after abdominal delivery. Materials and methods. 65 pregnant women were examined after delivery by cesarean section. In accordance with the purpose of the work, three groups are identified. In the first group there were women with normal body weight, in the second group there were women with grade I obesity (body mass index over 30), in the third group there were women with grade III obesity (body mass index over 40. The obtained digital data were processed by the method of variational statistics using the Student's t criterion. Results. In obese patients, repair of abdominal wall tissue structures after cesarean section in the early postoperative period was slower and more imperfect. The analysis of the obtained cytological material showed that the course of incomplete reparative regeneration of abdominal wall tissues in obesity occurred against the background of prolongation of the inflammatory phase, revealed by the analysis of the results of cytological examination. The prolongation of the inflammatory phase, therefore, and the low rate of tissue regeneration in the wound area in obesity were indicated by a low regenerative-degenerative index, which is determined by the ratio of normal and degenerative forms of these shaped elements. Conclusions. In obese women who have undergone cesarean section delivery, the healing process of a laparotomy wound proceeds slowly, especially in the third degree. This is documented by a marked decrease in the degenerative-degenerative index, a slowdown in the transformation of polyblasts into tissue forms – precursors of connective tissue elements. One of the factors reducing the rate of tissue repair along the suture line in obese patients after cesarean section are dysmicrocirculatory phenomena, which are most pronounced in third degree obesity.
Ecological and biological features of Ornithopus sativus Brot. and the prospects of introduction in the conditions of the middle taiga of Western Siberia
Authors:   Surgut State Pedagogical University, I. Lozhkina-Gametskaya Natalia , A. Moiseeva Ekaterina ,   Surgut State Pedagogical University, Kh. Bordey Rimma ,   Surgut State University
Published: February 2025

Background.The study presents the original results of studying the ecological and biological features of the seed-bearing seradella (Ornithopus sativusBrot.) during introduction in the conditions of the middle taiga of Western Siberia and gives a primary assessment of the prospects for its introduction into the culture of the region (using the example of the Surgut district). For the first time, the potential alum resistance of the crop was determined, the features of ontogenesis and biomorphological signs were revealed, the results of feed assessment and productivity were presented, the possibility of cultivating seradella for fodder in extreme soil and climatic conditions of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area was established. Materials and methods. The research on the study of the ecological and biological features of the seradella sowing and the prospects of introduction in the conditions of the middle taiga of the Western Siberia was conducted on the basis of Botanical Garden of the Surgut State University of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area-Yugra. The object of the study is the annual legume seradella seed (Ornithopus sativusBrot.). Results. As a result of the research, it was found that seradella sowing belongs to the 1st group of plant species resistant to aluminum ions, since the studied concentrations did not have a significant effect on the vegetative organs of the plant. And in the conditions of the cold northern climate of the Khanty-Mansiysk Autonomous Area, seradella sowing has a shortening of the duration of interphase periods in the virginal period of development and an elongation of the onset of the main phenological phases in the generative period. The feed obtained from the herbage of the crop has a high biological value. Conclusions. Based on the data obtained, it can be said that the seed seradella (Ornithopus sativusBrot.) has a high adaptive potential to the limiting soil and climatic factors of the middle taiga of the Western Siberia.
Winter appearance of ectoparasite communities living bats (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in the artificial caves of the Samara Luka
Authors:   Penza State University, S. Malyavina Maria , G. Smirnov Dmitry ,   Penza State University
Published: February 2025

Background. Ectoparasites living bats are natural reserves of many dangerous zo onotic agents, which determines the relevance of studying the structure of their communities and searching for factors that determine them.The purpose of the study is to investigate the structure of ectoparasitic communities of bats wintering on the territory of Samara Luka and to assess the infestation of animals with ectoparasites. Materials and methods. This research was conducted in artificial caves located on the territory of the Samara Luka National Park. After capture, the bats were carefully examined for the presence of ectoparasites, the col lected arthropods were placed in a 70% ethanol solution. Then the arthropods were fixed according to standard methods, using a solution of potassium alkali as a bleach. To assess the infestation of bats, standard parasitological indices were calculated: the extent of invasion (EI, %), the intensity of invasion (II, ex.), the index of parasite abundance (IO, ex.). Core species, satellites, and random species were identified in the communities. The comparison of communities was carried by the Jaccard similarity index (CJ). Species diversity and equal ization of species density in communities were determined by the Shannon (H) and Pielu (E) indices. Results. The species and sex-age structures of ectoparasitic communities were deter mined and the ectoparasite infestation of 7 bat species wintering on the territory of Samara Luka was assessed: Myotisnattererii, M. mystacinus, M.brandtii, M. daubentonii, M. dasycneme, Plecotusauritus, Eptesicusnilssonii. The listed species of bats are parasitized by 16 species of blood-sucking arthropods belonging to 4 systematic categories: bat flies (Nycteribiidae), fleas (Ischnopsyllidae) and gamasid mites (Spinturnicidae and Macronyssidae).Conclusions: Large blood-sucking arthropods (Nycteribiidae, Spinturnicidae) occupy a huge share in the communities of ectoparasites of wintering bats, while macronissids in the conditions of the Samara Luka apparently die, because the uncomfortable temperature slows down their life cycle. The formation of the winter appearance of ectoparasite communities is mainly deter mined by the summer interactions of bats, the contamination of parasitic fauna in winter is insignificant.
Eprosartan Reduces Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Ethanol-induced Hepatotoxicity
Authors: Mirghaed Ali Taheri , Mansourian Mahboubeh , Abdzadeh Soroor , Azizi Mahdokht , Karimi Farzaneh , Behrouj Hamid , Daryabor Gholamreza , Larki Rozina Abbasi , Mehrabi Sadrollah , Jahantab Mohammad Bagher , Doustimotlagh Amir Hossein
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

Eprosartan is an effective blood pressure medication that blocks the Angiotensin
Type 1 (AT1) receptor. The studies conducted on Eprosartan showed anti-oxidative stress effects and modulating
inflammatory mechanisms. The current research is designed to clarify and examine the possible advantageous
impacts of Eprosartan against chronic ethanol-induced hepatic damage.

Method:

Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats were haphazardly separated into four groups. The control
group received normal saline 1 g/kg for 35 days (group 1). The EtOH group received 7 g/kg of 40% ethanol
orally for 35 days (group 2). The EtOH+ EP group was pretreated with 60 mg/kg of Eprosartan dissolved in
normal saline orally and, after 60 minutes, received 7 g/kg of 40% ethanol orally for 35 days (group 3). The
EP group received only Eprosartan 60 mg/kg dissolved in normal saline for 35 days (group 4). The levels of
biochemical parameters, oxidative stress markers, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and histopathological staining
were evaluated in serum and liver tissue. The interactive behavior of Eprosartan with Tumor Necrosis Factor-α
(TNF-α) protein was also explained by molecular docking.

Results:

Pre-treatment with Eprosartan (60 mg/kg) notably diminished the elevation in serum alanine aminotransferase
(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Gamma-Glutamyl Transferase (GGT) enzymes, total
triglyceride, cholesterol, total bilirubin, and inflammatory cytokines including TNF-α, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β)
and Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, which were induced by alcohol administration (P-value ≤ 0.05). In the Eprosartan
pre-treated group, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl content of liver tissue were remarkably diminished,
as compared to the ethanol-induced rats. In addition, histopathological results approved the indicated
finding. Molecular docking research gives insights into potential interactions of Eprosartan with TNF-α protein.

Conclusion:

Our results revealed that the pre-treatment with Eprosartan (60 mg/kg) preserves against chronic
alcohol-induced hepatic damage.
In vitro and In vivo Drug Metabolism Analysis of BPI-460372 - A Covalent TEAD1/3/4 Inhibitor
Authors: Liu Xiaoyun , Zhong Dafang , Tang Chong Zhuang , Xu Xiaofeng , Lan Hong , Diao Xingxing
Published: February 2025

Background:

BPI-460372 is an orally available, covalent, irreversible small molecule inhibitor of
the transcriptional enhanced associate domain (TEAD) 1/3/4, which is currently in clinical development for
the treatment of cancers with Hippo pathway alterations.

Objective:

This study aimed to determine the cytochrome P450 (CYP) phenotyping, metabolic stability, and
in vitro and in vivo metabolic profile of BPI-460372.

Methods:

The CYP phenotyping and metabolic stability were assessed by measuring the depletion of substrate.
The metabolic profile in hepatocytes and rat and dog plasma was analyzed using ultra-high-performance
liquid chromatography combined with Orbitrap tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap-HRMS).

Results:

BPI-460372 was mainly metabolized by CYP2D6, CYP3A4, and CYP1A2. BPI-460372 exhibited
low clearance in human, monkey, and rat hepatocytes, while moderate clearance in dog and mouse hepatocytes.
A total of 10 metabolites were identified in five species of hepatocytes, and no human-unique metabolite
was detected. In rat plasma and dog plasma, the primary metabolites were M407 (BPI-460430) and M423
(BPI-460456), respectively. The two metabolites were quantitatively determined in rat and dog plasma in
pharmacokinetic and toxicological studies. The major metabolic site was 2-fluoro-acrylamide, and major metabolic
pathways in hepatocytes, and rat and dog plasma involved oxidative defluorination, hydration, glutathione
(GSH) conjugation, hydrolysis, cysteine conjugation, and N-acetyl cysteine conjugation. β-lyase pathway
contributed to the metabolism of BPI-460372 in rats to a certain degree.

Conclusion:

This study elucidated the metabolism of BPI-460372 and provided a basis for pharmacokinetic
and toxicological species selection, human pharmacokinetics prediction, and assessment of clinical co-administration
limitations and possible metabolic pathways in humans.
Base Mediated 7-exo-dig Intramolecular Cyclization of Betti-propargyl Precursors: An Efficient Approach to 1,4-oxazepine Derivatives
Authors: Yazzaf Rozita , Asadi Mina , Mahdavi Mohammad
Published: February 2025

Introduction:

1,4-oxazepine is a significant structural motif found in several bio-active molecules used in the treatment of diseases such as psychotic disorders.

Methods:

Therefore, developing novel methodologies for its preparation is of great interest to medicinal chemists.

Results:

These seven-membered heterocycles are generated through the intramolecular cy-clization of Betti bases, which are propargylated using propargyl bromide as the source of the triple bond in the presence of a base.

Conclusion:

This efficient and straightforward protocol proceeds under mild, metal-free conditions and has been shown to be applicable to a broad range of aldehydes and 2-aminopyridines.
Novel Advanced Hybrid Jamming Techniques for GPS/GLONASS Receivers on UAVs Using Locally Designed SDR Platform
Authors: Ballouk Abdo , Chahine Mohamed Khaled , Alhariri Mohamed
Published: February 2025

Background:

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) pose significant security risks to critical
infrastructure, potentially leading to unauthorized surveillance, attacks, or accidents. Counteracting
these threats requires robust defensive measures. UAVs predominantly rely on Global Navigation
Satellite Systems (GNSS), such as Global Positioning System (GPS) and GLONASS, for
navigation. Disrupting these systems through jamming can effectively hinder UAV operations. This
paper introduces novel hybrid jamming techniques targeting GPS and GLONASS signals, utilizing
locally developed Software-Defined Radio (SDR) technology to enhance security against UAV
threats.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to propose and assess the efficiency of hybrid jamming techniques
for GPS and GLONASS in UAVs, employing an SDR platform as a defense mechanism.

Methods:

A locally designed SDR platform was employed to implement and test several hybrid
jamming methods, including combinations of spot jamming, sweep jamming, and frequency hopping
jamming. These methods targeted the civilian GPS L1 frequency (1575.42 MHz) and
GLONASS G1 frequency range (1593–1610 MHz). Tests were conducted on multiple commercial
UAVs to evaluate the effectiveness of these techniques in disrupting navigation.

Results:

The combination of spot jamming with sweep jamming, at a 1575.42 MHz center frequency
and a 2 MHz sweep bandwidth for GPS, and sweep jamming for GLONASS G1 proved to be
the most effective. Contrarily, sweep jamming paired with frequency hopping jamming showed the
least disruption.

Conclusion:

The effectiveness of advanced hybrid jamming techniques for disrupting GNSS signals
in UAVs has been demonstrated, with the potential to enhance the protection of critical infrastructure.
Applications of Polymers in Biosensors-based Medical Devices
Authors: Khare Ekta , Srivastava Swarnim
Published: February 2025

A biosensor-based medical device refers to a device that integrates polymers to detect
and measure specific biomolecules for the treatment of disease. Biosensors are now widely used
in biological diagnostics and a wide range of other sectors, such as disease treatment and progression
tracking, environmental and agricultural monitoring, food safety, drug development,
and biomedical and forensics research. This may be the result of concurrent developments in
transdisciplinary research, microelectronics technology development, and polymer chemistry.
This review summarizes the significance of polymeric materials in contemporary diagnostic
techniques employed in healthcare. The study examines polymeric material advancements in the
design and manufacture of biosensing agents, substrates, and components, with a focus on contemporary
biosensor platforms in biosensing health and disease applications, along with their
drawbacks.
CHARACTERISTICS OF COMPONENTS OF DAMAGE CAUSED BY SHOTS FROM KINETIC WEAPONS
Authors:   Buryat Agricultural Academy named after V. R. Philippov, Khankhasykov S.P.
Published: February 2025

Kinetic weapons pose a danger to human and animal life. In cases of its application against
animals there is a need for forensic veterinary examination, the findings of which is considered one
of the decisive sources of evidence. The injuries caused by kinetic weapons are very diverse in nature
and require special knowledge. Buryat State Agricultural Academy named after V. R. Filippov Department of Veterinary and Sanitary Examination, Microbiology and Pathomorphology accomplished
17 forensic examinations on injuries (wounds) caused to animals by kinetic weapons using the methods proposed by V.S. Chernyak, A.V. Zharov, T.F. Dmitrieva and V.I. Molchanov. The findings of the investigations showed that the characteristic feature of the entrance hole were smooth or scalloped
edges directed inside the wound. The exit holes were uneven with small edges pointing outwards.
Bone fragments, muscles and other tissues could protrude from the wound. The size of the exit hole
was larger than the entrance hole. In the course of the study of the wound canal it is necessary to
describe the shape and size of its cross-section, the overall length, hemorrhage around it, the nature
of bone injury and the location of their fragments.
EFFECT OF BIOSTIMULANT MIVAL-AGRO ON POTATO YIELD AND SEED PRODUCTIVITY
Authors:   Far East School of Advanced Training of Managers and Specialists of Agro-Industrial Complex, Glaz N.V. , Vasiliev A.A. ,   Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of Russian Academy of Science Ural Department, Gorbunov A.K. ,   Ural Federal Agrarian Research Center of Russian Academy of Science Ural Department, Mushinskiy A.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Biological Systems and Agrotechnologies of RAS
Published: February 2025

Rhizogenesis regulators are considered to be of a great interest so far as the increase in the
yield of crops is concerned. The use of these regulators increases the resistance of plants to pathogens
and adverse weather conditions. The use of organic-silicon biostimulant Mival-agro in the foreststeppe zone of the Chelyabinsk Region reduced the harmfulness of late blight of potato by 15-25%,
blackspot-by 16-28%, bare patch-by 19-38% depending on the method of application. Improvement
of phytosanitary condition and balance of growth and development of plants, due to the use of Mivalagro, caused an increase in yield and seed productivity of potatoes. Seed treatment increased the yield
of the Tarasov variety by 17.2% (4.6 t/ha), foliar application in the budding phase – by 14.3% (3.8
t/ha) as compared to the control. The greatest effect was observed in the combined application of
Mival-agro together with other drugs: the increase in potato yield was 7.7 t / ha or 28.8% against the
control. The joint use of Mival-agro together with other drugs for the treatment of planting stock (2
g / t) and vegetating plants (20 g / ha) provided the highest yield of tubers of seed fraction per unit
area: in the variety Governor-181, Nevsky-230, Tarasov-264, Balabai-272, Spiridon – 281 thousand
pieces/ha. The variety Governor: the increase amounted to 90%, Tarasov – 58%, Balabai – 48%,
Nevsky – 43%, Spiridon-34% against the control. Dense planting of the varieties Tarasov (70 thousand tubers per 1 ha): seed productivity of potatoes in the variant of combined application of Mivalagro was 2.6 times higher than in the variant of sparse planting (49 thousand/ha) without use of the
biostimulant.
INFLUENCE OF SUCCINIC ACID ON THE IMMUNOBIOCHEMICAL STATUS OF NEWBORN CALVES
Authors:   Far East State Agricultural University, Lashin A.P. , Simonova N. V. ,   Amur State Medical Academy, Sayapina I. Yu. ,   Amur State Medical Academy
Published: February 2025

The research paper considers the influence of succinic acid on the immunobiochemical
status of the newborn calves. Animals were randomized to control (n=15) and experimental (n=15)
groups. In the experimental group of calves, succinic acid was used in a daily dose of 50 mg/kg. The
introduction of succinic acid contributed to the positive dynamics of the parameters of the immunobiochemical status of calves: the erythrocyte content significantly increased by 10% against the control, haemoglobin by 14%, total protein by 26%, immunoglobulin by 34%. The authors registered
positive effect of succinic acid on the indices of nonspecific resistance of calves, reflected by an
increase in bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, phagocyte index. Thus, the inclusion
of succinic acid in the scheme of prevention of neonatal diseases of calves should be considered
pathogenetically justified, clinically justified and promising.
Factors from the school environment and drug abuse
Authors: Radovanovic Ivana , Maljkovic Marija , Spasic Danijela
Published: February 2025

Research on the factors of drug abuse among adolescents in the school
environment is an important precondition for preventive interventions and
prevention programs. The subject of this research is the identification of
factors originating from the school environment that have a direct impact on
drug abuse and based on which is highly likely that drug abuse can be
predicted, as well as the existence of differences between male and female
adolescents in these factors. The sample for the research was drawn from the
population of high school students in Belgrade as a random sample. The
sample size was 1.287 students (675 females and 611 males), aged between 15
and 19 years. Analysis of the collected data was carried out using canonical
discriminant analysis, separately for male and female adolescents. The
results of the research showed that both male and female adolescents exhibit
three forms of drug abuse: Using drugs only, Using and distributing drugs,
and Distributing drugs only. Data analysis determined that these forms of
drug abuse are most influenced by poor academic performance, skipping
school, the absence of school police officers, easy drug availability, and
certain forms of violence among students. The results also revealed
differences between female and male adolescents in the factors contributing
to drug abuse. For female adolescents, the most important factors were poor
academic performance, lack of school police officers, violence in school,
etc. For male adolescents, the key factors included the availability of
suitable locations for drug sales and purchases within or near the school,
the presence of betting shops and casinos near the school, and certain forms
of violence, such as verbal abuse and sexual harassment of other students.
The propagation of power line carrier communication technology in power transmission cables-circuital approach and Finite Integration Technique modeling
Authors: Azizi Hakim , Chebout Mohammed , Kihal Mohammed Charif , Sekki Daoud , Moulai Hocine
Published: February 2025

The real-time management of the Production-Transport-Consumption system reveals the need for information on the state of the network and the means of action on it at all times. This need is met through the use of telecontrol systems. These operate mainly on substations, complex installations that ensure the interconnection of lines and the transformation of voltage levels. In this work, we are interested in the propagation of Power Line Carrier (PLC) communication technology in power cables, both on a single cable and on a Y topology. We will analyze respectively the effect and the influence of several factors on the transfer function such as: effect of the end loads, the length of cable, the junction between two sections of cables in order to deduce the frequency channel of most favorable transmission. The results of the transfer function predictions obtained by the analytical formulation are compared and validated with full-field simulations using the CST software.
Dignity Beyond the Human Person, Issues, Risks and Perspectives in EHR Law
Authors: Benezech Ludovic
Published: February 2025

Human dignity is at the heart of the project of safeguarding and developing conventional fundamental rights. Dignity was conceived by the European Court as the foundation and purpose of the human person. However, the human person is no longer the only one to be the subject of protection, the Court having gradually integrated the question of the protection of animals in particular. If some authors wish to extend the concept of dignity to animals, the study will demonstrate that it is currently neither possible (de lege lata) nor desirable (de lege ferranda) to make this paradigm shift.
The Denial of the Full Humanity of Others in Current U.S. Political Discourse. Legal Regulation and Conformity with International Obligations
Authors: Sidelnikova Arina
Published: February 2025

Despite the fact that humanity would like to think of dehumanization as a relic of a darker past, nowadays this topic is still relevant, but has acquired new shades. Today, it often becomes a tool for high-level politicians to achieve their goals: to gain cheap loyalty based not on unity of views and values, but on the fear of “others”, and to legitimize the mistreatment of certain groups of people. This problem affects not only authoritarian states but also democracies, and the United States is no exception. Therefore, this article examines the legal aspects of strategic dehumanization under the U.S. legal order and analyzes its consistency with U.S. international obligations..
A Just Energy Transition in the International Investment Agreements
Authors: Feigerlová Monika
Published: February 2025

The polarity of arguments is significant among EU Member States, EU institutions, and scholars on the modernisation outcome of the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT). The principal disagreement is whether the modernised agreement aligns with the Paris Agreement and meets the goals of a ‘just transition’. The modernised treaty, as a first investment treaty, has introduced a flexibility mechanism to end the protection of fossil-fuel related investments. The article aims to analyse the draft reformed treaty from a conceptual perspective, aiming to contribute to an understanding of the just transition concept in the context of international investment law and transitioning away from fossil fuel-related investments.
Constitutional Order and the Rule of Law in a Time of War in Ukraine
Authors: Trykhlib Kristina
Published: February 2025

Today, Ukraine and its constitutional order are facing enormous internal and external challenges. The key challenges for the national legal order of Ukraine at the moment are, inter alia, the constitutionality of specially adopted legislation, the effective provision and protection of basic human rights and fundamental freedoms, compliance with the proportionality principle in the case of temporary restrictions on human rights, the preservation of the system of checks and balances under the principle of the separation of powers, ensuring access to an independent and impartial judiciary and recognition of the legal status and jurisdiction of future international courts, etc. Undoubtedly, this war in the centre of Europe requires the consolidation of the entire international and European community and the elaboration of effective mechanisms to counteract and stop aggression. Thus, the war in Ukraine is a challenge to the system of international public law and democracy in general.
The influence of current on the structure of the intermetallic compound in solder alloys
Authors: Skácel Josef , Otáhal Alexandr
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates the impact of applied current on the structure of Cu₆Sn₅ and Cu₃Sn intermetallic layers and compounds within the volume of the SAC305 solder alloy. The study focuses on the transition region between a copper electrode and the solder alloy. Direct current at magnitudes of 25 A and 30 A was applied for durations of 30 and 90 minutes, alongside samples fabricated without current application. After the samples were prepared, the surfaces were refined through sanding and subsequent polishing with diamond pastes. To enhance the quality of data obtained from these samples, the surfaces were etched, improving the visibility of their microstructure. Statistical analysis of the intermetallic layer thickness at the Cu electrode–solder alloy interface was conducted. The results revealed a significant influence of applied current on the width of the intermetallic layers. Measurements demonstrated a polarity-dependent effect on the layer thickness, that samples formed under current exhibiting substantially thicker layers at the positive electrode compared to the negative electrode. Additionally, the samples with applied current showed a significant increase in the size of intermetallic compounds within the solder alloy, reaching dimensions of several millimeters. The final part of the research involved elemental analysis to confirm the composition of the intermetallic compounds. This analysis validated the presence of Cu6Sn5 and Cu3Sn.