bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction and Identification of Bioactive Compounds from L. pumila
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
Published: April 2021

This paper presents the comparison of extraction methods between maceration extraction (ME) and ultrasonic assisted extarction (UAE) to the bioactive compounds yield (gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, epigallocatechin and rutin) of Labisia pumila. A grinded dried plant material with size ranging 246.58μm to 257.72μm was performed throughout this work. The gallic acid, protoctechuic acid, epigallocatechin and rutin qualification and quantification were performed using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled photodiode array (UPLC-PDA). Exact match between the residence time from the plant extract and external standard was found indicating a presence of these four targeted bioactive compounds. It was found that UAE method has the highest extraction yield; gallic acid (0.0293 mg GA/g DW), protocatechuic acid (0.0081 mg PCA/g DW), epigallocatechin (0.0057 mg EGC/g DW) and rutin (0.0038 mg Rutin/g DW) compared to ME. The findings in this work may serve as a useful guide to obtain a highest extraction yield of these four targeted bioactive compounds from L. pumila.
Landsat-Based Drought Phenomenon Evaluation of Cassava and Sugar cane in Northeast Thailand
Authors:   Prince of Songkla University, Thailand
Published: April 2021

Northeast Thailand is a predominantly agriculture-based region yet it suffers from drought which threatens the people’s livelihood. The region is the largest producer of sugar cane and cassava in the country which are classified as high-value, food and energy crops. Thailand ranks first and third in the world in terms of exporting cassava and sugar cane respectively. Unfortunately, when compared to other regions, the northeast receives the least attention in terms of agricultural research yet it is the most vulnerable part of the country. As such, the goal of this study was to assess agricultural drought in the region pertaining to sugar cane and cassava farming over twelve years (2004 to 2015) relative to the climatic conditions. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI)-based Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), derived from Landsat 5 and 8 satellites (30 meters’ resolution) was usedas a determinant of agricultural drought. Precipitation and temperature (0.25-degree resolution) data were sourced from GLDAS-2 Noah model products. Temporal-VCI indicated that the major agricultural drought periods for both crops were 2004, 2005, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2011. A significant improvement in the crops’ condition was noted in 2014 and 2015. Similarly, spatial-VCI showed an increase in VCI for 2014 and 2015 despite these being major meteorological drought years. This supports the premise that the region has made efforts to curb the effects of drought on agriculture. However, continuous monitoring of drought using different physical indicators is necessary for further development of effective solutions and sharpening of the currently existing measures
Common foot deformities among Malaysian women: wearing incorrectly sized shoes
Authors: Mohd Shariff Shaliza
Published: April 2021

Several foot deformities have been identified in Malaysian women due to wearing shoes which do not fit the size and shape of their feet. Hallux valgus (bunions), corn, cellules and ingrown toenail are among the common deformities experienced by Malaysian women. The root of this issue is that the Malaysian footwear market has adopted foreign shoe size standards such as those from the US and UK. This means that Malaysian women face difficulties in obtaining correctly-sized shoes. Therefore, the aim of this study is to develop and propose a standard shoe sizing system for women in Malaysia based on anthropometric measurements of Malaysian women’s foot sizes and shapes. Women from Malaysia’s primary ethnic groups (Malay, Chinese, and Indian) aged 20 to 60 years old participated in this project, where the anthropometric measurements for their foot size and shapes were obtained using a 3D foot scanner. Regression analysis in the form of Generalized Linear Model (GLM) was performed to determine the association between a few attributes including foot measurements and the existence of the foot deformities. Foot length and Ball girth circumference have significant association with the foot deformities (FL: p = .028 and BG: p = .045). The new standard shoe sizing system has been developed ith more accurate sizes and shapes, it is hoped that the foot deformities problem could be solved or at least reduced the foot pain.
Effect of diatomaceous earth on thermoelectric elements using multi-walled carbon nanotubes
Authors:   Ritsumeikan university, Japan
Published: April 2021

Thermoelectric power generation is one of the expected new renewable energy in the future. However, the power generation capacity of thermoelectric devices is poor. In this research, we focused on utilizing diatomaceous earth to improve the performance of thermoelectric devices because it has low thermal conductivity. Our thermoelectric devices based on multi-walled carbon nanotube and diatomaceous earth have improved the open-circuit voltage about 30% compared with the conventional thermoelectric devices based on multi-walled carbon nanotube only.
Challenge to the proving of theorems of Euclid's elements of as ATP
Authors:   Konan University, Japan.
Published: April 2021

Automated theorem proving (ATP) is a subfield of automated reasoning and mathematical logic dealing with proving mathematical theorems by computer programs. An Isabelle/HOL is a generic proof assistant. We perform the challenge for the proving theorems of Euclid's elements of geometry. We could prove some theorems of Euclid's elements of geometry. Technique of programing and mental conception interact. The mathematics education which prove theorems of the Euclidean geometry by using the Isabelle/HOL can correct the present weak point
Evolution of suicide mortality according to death mechanisms - 2001-2015 / Evolução da mortalidade por suicídio segundo os mecanismos de morte – 2001-2015 / Evolución de la mortalidad por suicidio según los mecanismos de muerte - 2001-2015
Authors: De Sá Sousa Cyntia Meneses , Medeiros Mascarenhas Márcio Dênis , Viana Carvalhedo Lima Patricia , Santos Cunha Juliane Danielly , Pacheco Rodrigues Malvina Thais
Published: April 2021

Objetivo: Descrever as características da mortalidade por suicídio segundo mecanismos de morte em Teresina-Piauí no período 2001-2015. Metodologia: Utilizaram-se dados disponíveis no sítio eletrônico do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde (DATASUS). Selecionaram-se os óbitos por lesões autoprovocadas voluntariamente (CID-10 X60-X84) de residentes em Teresina (≥10 anos de idade). Calcularam-se taxas de mortalidade e distribuição proporcional dos óbitos segundo características sociodemográficas e mecanismos utilizados. Verificaram-se associações estatísticas pelo teste do qui-quadrado a nível de significância de 0,05. Resultados: A maioria dos suicídios ocorreu no sexo masculino (73,3%), entre 20 e 39 anos (53,8%), negros (73,9%), menor escolaridade e casados (p0,001). O domicílio foi o local de maior ocorrência (74,2%). Enforcamento e arma de fogo foram mais utilizados pelos homens, envenenamento e precipitação pelas mulheres (p0,001). A taxa de suicídio aumentou entre os homens (+19,6%) e diminuiu entre as mulheres (-12,2%). Conclusão: O suicídio em Teresina predominou em homens e adultos jovens, sendo o enforcamento o meio mais utilizado. Conhecer as características e os meios utilizados para autoextermínio pode ser útil para a elaboração de estratégias de prevenção do óbito, assim como para orientação das equipes de saúde para intervenção diante de tentativas de suicídio.Descritores: Suicídio. Mortalidade. Causas externas. Epidemiologia.
PENDAMPINGAN BELAJAR MEMBENTUK KARAKTER ANAK YANG TERDAMPAK PANDEMI COVID-19 MELALUI KEGIATAN INTERAKSI ALAM DAN SOSIAL DI DUSUN KRAJAN DESA KEDUNGGEBANG KECAMATAN TEGALIMO KABUPATEN BANYUWANGI
Authors: Ansari Ansari , Ulva Siti Maulida
Published: April 2021

Aqidah Ahlus Sunnah Wal Jama'ah (Aswaja) is the largest aqidah followed by Muslims all over the world. This Aqidah Aswaja contains elements of Islamic aqidah that are relevant and accepted by both naqli and aqli arguments. Moreover, Aswaja's aqidah principles are in accordance with the teachings of Islam which is Rahmatal lil 'Alamiin, which is tawasut or moderate in nature, not extreme right or extreme left.
PENYULUHAN IMPLEMENTASI BELA NEGARA BAGI MASYARAKAT KELURAHAN REMPOA, KECAMATAN CIPUTAT TIMUR, TANGERANG SELATAN
Authors: Indrawan Jerry , Aji Muhammad Prakoso , Ilmar Anwar
Published: April 2021

This community service activity (PKM) is carried out to provide information on the situation experienced by the community regarding changes in extension activities that are usually carried out directly. Due to the Covid-19 pandemic, outreach activities on the implementation of civic defense were carried out in online form. This online outreach was carried out using the Zoom Meeting application platform for 180 minutes. This counseling provided an explanation of the implementation of civic defense for the general public. The civic defense material presented was the meaning, values and goals of civic defense. In general, it can be concluded that the online outreach activity for the implementation of civic defense to the Rempoa Village provides an understanding that any Indonesian citizen can play an active role in realizing the values of civic defense in their daily life.
KEYWORDS: PKM, online counseling, civic defense.
RUMAH BACA PELANGI IBRAHIMY DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN MINAT BACA ANAK USIA SEKOLAH DI DESA KEDUNGREJO MUNCAR BANYUWANGI
Authors: Hidayati MS Anis
Published: April 2021

“Rumah Baca Pelangi Ibrahimy” is a mini library initiated by Institut Agama Islam (IAI) Ibrahimy Genteng Banyuwangi students holding internship in 2020 at Kedungrejo Village, Muncar. The target of this program is the school-age children in Kedungrejo Village, Muncar. It is a comfortable and educational public space for school-age children to make them easily obtain sources of reading, knowledge, and insights from provided books, in order to improve reading’s interest especially the school-age children in this village. Methods used in this program are transparency, accountability, responsibility, independency, and fairness.
POTENSI PEMANFAATAN CO2 DAN HIDROGEN SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKAR ALTERNATIF DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sutardi Tata , Budiman Abdul Hamid
Published: April 2021

Indonesia has various types of energy sources, either from conventional energy sources or from newand renewable energy sources. Currently, Indonesia has a program to construct of 35 GW of coal-firedpower plant, as well as an intensive development of Geothermal power plant, since it's reserve isabundant. The construction of these types of power plants has a potency to increase Green House Gas(GHG) production, and therefore it necessarily needs to be anticipated. In 2018, there was 543 millionton of CO2 produced in Indonesia and about a half sourced from power generation sectors. Referring tothe ratio of 1 to 1.5 of CO2 converted with the process of hydrogenation, this indicates a promisingamount of methanol can be obtained. However, there are some challenges need to be overcome toachieve this beneficiary. This paper encloses a description of each challenge, with the main descriptionis on the potency of implementation in Indonesia. Some models from existing development aredescribed, to identify the process of development. This information can be used as a consideration forthe implementation in Indonesia.Keywords: CO2 utilization, Metanol formation, Hydrogen, Green House Gas, Geothermal power plant,Gas power plant
Düzensiz Ölçekli Sierpinski Üçgeni SG(2,3) Üzerindeki İçsel Metrik
Authors: KOPARAL Fatma Diğdem , ÖZDEMİR Yunus
Published: April 2021

Bu çalışmada, fraktal geometrinin en önemli nesnelerinden biri olan Sierpinski üçgeninin bir genellemesi olarak düşünebileceğimiz düzensiz ölçekli bir Sierpinski üçgeni olan SG(2,3) üzerindeki içsel metriğin bir ifadesi kümenin noktalarının bu kümeye has kod temsilleri yardımıyla ifade edilmiştir.
Feminine Stereotypes, Educating Women Trough Literature: An Analysis of Guy de Maupassant Short Stories
Authors: Syafrina Rany
Published: April 2021

Guy de Maupassant is a French author whose works have been translated into English. Some of his shorts stories focused on women as the center of the story in which women become the source of misfortune as presented in five chosen short stories for this research. This research is part of objective approach research that focuses on analyzing literary works as it is, without considering the relationship of the intrinsic aspects to the reality of the world. Although the possible intention of the author to use literary work as a tool to educate readers is also explained. In delivering his ideas, Guy de Maupassant often describes women in stereotypes that include formlessness, instability, irrationality, piety, spirituality, materialism. Guy de Maupassant also used his literary work as an instrument to teach the readers about the concept of ideal women by providing advice if not criticism and humiliation; because trough reading literature, the knowledge transfer activities become possible. Keyword: Guy De Maupassant, Short Stories, Stereotypes
Peranan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDES) Dalam Pemberdayaan Ekonomi Masyarakat Desa Labuhan Haji Lombok Timur
Authors: Hailudin Hailudin
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mengkaji peranan Badan Usaha Milik Desa (BUMDes) dalam meningkatkan ekonomi masyarakat dan pendapatan asli desa. Untuk pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Obyek penelitiannya adalah BUMDes Desa Labuhan Haji Lombok Timur. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder, yang pengumpulannya menggunakan tehnik observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Wawancara dilakukan pada informan yang penentuannya dengan metode purposive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif sederhana.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BUMDes Labuhan Haji memiliki beberapa unit usaha, seperti usaha simpan pinjam, produski batako serta unit penyediaan barang kebutuhan masyarakat. Unit usaha tersebut, berjalan relative cukup baik hingga saat ini, meskipun terkadang terasa agak lambat. Namun secara aggregat kegiatan BUMDes ini belum banyak menyentuh kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat setempat, karena memang kiprahnya masih sangat terbatas untuk bisa menjangkau kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat secara keseluruhan. Kendala utama dalam menjalankan unit usaha BUMDes ini adalah masih kurangnya partisipasi masyarakat dalam mendukung kegiatan usaha BUMDes, disamping dari aspek manajemen yang dirasa masih belum maksimal dilakukan oleh penglolanya.
Relevansi Program Pendidikan dengan Kebutuhan Dunia Kerja : Studi pada alumni Magister Ilmu Ekonomi FEB Unram
Authors: Busaini  , Harsono Iwan , Sutanto Himawan
Published: April 2021

Penelitian tracer study ini bermaksud untuk menganalisis tingkat relevansi antara program pendidikan yang diselenggarakan oleh alumni Program Studi Magister Ilmu Ekonomi (MIE) Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Mataram (FEB Unram) dengan kebutuhan lapangan. Penelitian ini diharapkan bisa memberikan berbagai informasi penting, antara lain kebutuhan riil yang diperlukan dunia kerja, kekurangan yang dimiliki lulusan, kelemahan kurikulum yang selama ini digunakan, dan harapan alumni terhadap Prodi MIE FEB Unram terkait dengan penyelenggaraan pendidikan ke depan.

Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa alumni MIE FEB Unram tersebar di berbagai instansi baik negeri maupun swasta. Beberapa diantaranya juga menjalankan usaha sendiri. Bidang pekerjaan yang digeluti oleh para alumni MIE FEB Unram adalah dalam bidang  pendidikan, pemerintahan dan jasa.

Kurikulum pada Prodi MIE FEB Unram sudah sesuai dengan kebutuhan di dunia kerja. Akan tetapi masih perlu ditingkatkan lagi dengan penambahan materi-materi yang bisa menunjang pekerjaan antara lain kemampuan menulis ilmiah, ketrampilan berbahasa asing dan kemampuan analisis perencanaan pembangunan.
Peranan Modal Sosial Islami Dalam Mengurangi Penduduk Miskin Di Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB)
Authors: Irwan Muhammad , Herwanti Titiek , M. Firmansyah
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  menganalisis tentang Peranan Modal Sosial Islami menurunkan penduduk miskin di Nusa Tenggara Barat (NTB). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kuantitatif dengan metode deskriptif.  Data yang dipergunakan adalah data sekunder.  Untuk mencapai tujuan analisis ini, analisis dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantatif.  Peranan modal sosial Islami untuk mengentaskan kemiskinan dapat dilihat dari jumlah dana yang dihimpun oleh  BAZNAS NTB, dan DASI NTB .

Hasil peneliitian menunjukan bahwa jumlah penduduk miskin di NTB pada tahun 2013- 2019  mengalami penurunan dengan rata-rata sebesar 17.251 jiwa per tahun. Rata-rata 48,53 persen berada di daerah perkotaan dan daerah pedesaan rata-rata sebesar 51,47 persen  Persentase penduduk miskin mengalami penurunan rata-rata 15,77 persen.  Persentase penduduk miskin di daerah perkotaan  rata-rata menurun 17,22 persen sedangkan di daerah pedesaan rata-rata 14,64 persen. Besarnya dana zakat yang dihimpun oleh BAZNAS provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat pada tahun 2013 – 2019 terus mengalami peningkatan  yang merupakan manifestasi dari unsur modal sosial Islami yaitu trust (kepercayaan) masyarakat yang diberikan kepada BAZNAS untuk mengelola dana  ZIS.  Persentase terbesar dari ZIS yang disalurkan adalah untuk fakir miskin dengan rata-rata 60,13 persen. Hal ini bermakna bahwa Dana ZIS sebagai modal sosial islami telah berperan terhadap pemenuhan keebutuhan hidup orang miskin yang diikuti pula oleh menurunnya jumlah penduduk miskin.  Wakaf sebagai modal sosial islami yang lain masih dilakukan pada harta yang tidak bergerak yaitu tanah. Pelaksanaan wakaf uang sebagai sumber modal sosial islami masih relatif kecil.
Measurement of Temperature Dependent Dielectric Constant of Coal Samples for Burden Surface Profiling at Blast Furnace
Authors: Kundu Chitresh , Patra Prabal , Tudu Bipan , Patra Dibyayan
Published: April 2021

Blast furnaces (BFs) are the key receptacles of iron and steel smelting. Iron ore, coke and limestone are some of the raw materials that are used in the process of iron making and the charging operation needs to be accomplished by accurately estimating the current depth of the burden surface. To accomplish the goal of global class steel production, burden profile measurement and monitoring is vital. This measuring and monitoring help in augmenting the best usage of charge materials and energy consumptions.

Radar based measurement is best for determine the level and profile of the burden inside the furnace. However, for the optimal operation of the radar, it is important know the dielectric constant of the material. There are many approaches to determine the dielectric constant like capacitive methods, transmission line methods, cavity resonator methods, open cavity methods and so on. For this study the cavity resonator method is has been used for measuring the permittivity of coal samples. The reflection capability of electromagnetic waves by coal is a function of its dielectric properties which is also has a dependency on temperature. The results presented in this paper will provide essential design input for radar-based measurements at blast furnace, especially for burden profiling at blast furnaces.
Von der Natur der Psychoanalyse
Authors: Kohon Gregorio
Published: April 2021

Das Besondere der psychoanalytischen Begegnung entzieht sich der Festlegung auf wissenschaftliche Begriffe. Dass sie sich stattdessen eigenständig im Spannungsfeld von Wissenschaft und Kunst bewegt und die komplexe menschliche Subjektivität im Ringen mit Kultur und Gesellschaft ernst nimmt, zeigt Gregorio Kohon fundiert und praxisnah.

Dabei treten die Widersprüche von Psychoanalyse und evidenzbasierter Medizin offen zutage: Wissenschaftliche Forderungen nach objektiv messbarem, ergebnisorientiertem und effizientem Erfolg bringen PsychoanalytikerInnen in die Gefahr, sich herrschenden gesellschaftlichen Ideologien anzupassen.

Dagegen stellt der Autor die Wahrhaftigkeit einer Psychoanalyse, die Selbstreflexion, Imagination und Intuition betont und sorgfältigen Einzelfallstudien besonderes Gewicht verleiht. Kohons Rückbesinnung auf ihre Natur vertieft aktuelle Diskussionen in Gesundheitswesen, Forschung und Politik damit auf profunde Weise.
Autistisches Erleben
Authors: Seng Hajo
Published: April 2021

Autistische Menschen fühlen sich durch ihre Art des In-der-Welt-Seins stigmatisiert und ausgeschlossen. Sie erleben häufig Verständnisschwierigkeiten mit nicht-autistischen, aber nur selten mit anderen autistischen Menschen. Ihren Autismus erleben sie im Wesentlichen als eine andere Form des Denkens und Wahrnehmens, die nur dadurch zum Problem wird, dass sie in der Minderheit sind.
Drei Generationen Hebammenalltag
Authors: Metz-Becker Marita
Published: April 2021

Wie hat sich die Gebärkultur in Deutschland seit den 1960er Jahren verändert? Vor welche Herausforderungen sehen sich Hebammen heute angesichts der zunehmenden Medikalisierung und Technisierung der Geburt gestellt?

Um diesen und weiteren Fragen nachzugehen, lässt Marita Metz-Becker Hebammen aus drei Generationen zu Wort kommen. In den narrativen Interviews werden lebensgeschichtliche Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede der verschiedenen Hebammengenerationen deutlich. Die Autorin betrachtet die Aussagen dabei nicht nur in ihrer individuellen Dimension, sondern in ihrem sozialen, historischen und kulturellen Kontext. So wird neben dem Wandel des Hebammenberufs auch jener von Geburt und Gebären veranschaulicht. Dabei zeigt sich, dass die Hebammen die moderne Geburtsmedizin nicht nur als Fortschritt begreifen, sondern durchaus kritisch diskutieren und auch deren gesamtgesellschaftliche Auswirkungen im Blick haben. Sie fühlen sich ihrem Berufsethos verpflichtet und plädieren für eine neue Kultur des Gebärens, bei der die Menschlichkeit im Vordergrund steht und nicht der Rotstift der Gesundheitspolitik.
Riemannian Submersions with Quarter- Symmetric Non-Metric Connection
Authors: DEMİR Hakan , SARI Ramazan
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we study Riemannian submersions from a Riemannian manifold endowed with a quarter-symmetric non-metric connection onto a Riemannian manifold. We investigate O’Neill’s tensor fields for quarter-symmetric non-metric connection and derive the covariant derivative of O’Neill’s tensor fields. We obtain derivatives of those tensor fields and compare curvatures of the total manifold, the base manifold, and the fibers by computing curvatures.
EFEKTIVITAS PROGRAM REHABILITASI KORBAN PERDAGANGAN ORANG
Authors: Nabila Putri , Amirulloh M. Rijal , Basori Yana Fajar Fitri Yana
Published: April 2021

Perdagangan orang di Kota Sukabumi selama tahun 2017-2019 mengalami peningkatan. Peningkatan jumlah korban tersebut disebabkan oleh kurangnya informasi tentang modus dan bahaya perdagangan orang dan juga perilaku konsumtif yang menjerumuskan masuk ke dalam korban perdagangan. Korban perdagangan orang perlu direhabilitasi. Selama tahun 2017-2019, Pemerintah Kota Sukabumi melakukan rehabilitasi korban perdagangan orang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas program rehabilitasi korban perdagangan orang di Kota Sukabumi. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima dimensi efektivitas program yang meliputi pemahaman program, ketepatan sasaran, ketepatan waktu, tercapainya tujuan dan adanya perubahan nyata. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif yang dipadukan dengan penelitian deskriptif untuk menggambarkan fenomena sebenarnya dari kejadian-kejadian di lapangan. Pengumpulan data penelitian menggunakan teknik wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi yang terkait dengan penelitian. Data penelitian dideskripsikan secara kualitatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa efektivitas program rehabilitasi korban perdagangan orang di Kota Sukabumi secara umum dinilai baik, meskipun terdapat beberapa hambatan yang terjadi pada pelaksanaannya seperti kurangnya fasilitas sarana dan prasarana, pilihan metode, alokasi anggaran dan sosialisasi rehabilitasi korban perdagangan orang.
Interventions to reduce meat consumption by appealing to animal welfare: Meta-analysis and evidence-based recommendations
Authors: Mathur Maya B , Peacock Jacob , Reichling David , Nadler Janice , Bain Paul , Gardner Christopher D , Robinson Thomas
Published: April 2021

Reducing meat consumption may improve human health, curb environmental damage, and limit the large-scale suffering of animals reared in factory farms. Most attention to reducing consumption has focused on restructuring environments where foods are chosen or making health or environmental appeals. However, psychological theory suggests that interventions appealing to animal welfare might operate on distinct, potent pathways. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the effectiveness of these interventions. We searched eight academic databases and extensively searched grey literature. We meta-analyzed 100 studies assessing interventions designed to reduce meat consumption or purchase by mentioning or portraying farm animals, that measured behavioral or self-reported outcomes related to meat consumption, purchase, or related intentions, and that had a control condition. The interventions consistently reduced meat consumption, purchase, or related intentions at least in the short term with meaningfully large effects (meta-analytic average risk ratio [RR] = 1.22; 95% CI: [1.13, 1.33]). We estimated that a large majority of true population effects (71%; [95% CI: 58%, 80%]) were stronger than RR=1.1 and that few were in the unintended direction. Via meta-regression, we identified some study and intervention characteristics that were associated with effect size. Risk-of-bias assessments identified both methodological strengths and limitations of this literature; however, results did not differ meaningfully in sensitivity analyses retaining only studies at the lowest risk of bias. Evidence of publication bias was not apparent. In conclusion, animal welfare interventions preliminarily appear effective in these typically short-term studies of primarily self-reported outcomes. Future research should use direct behavioral outcomes that minimize the potential for social desirability bias and are measured over long-term follow-up.
PUPILS’ VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH ASSOCIATION STRATEGY IN EFL LEARNING
Authors: Karbala Derin
Published: April 2021

This paper featured reviewing the usage of association strategy in showing EFL vocabulary to the pupils. This examination utilized an accommodating report hallway activity research plan and it was done as cycles containing four tremendous advances: organizing, executing, seeing and reflecting. The subject of the examination was 80 pupils in Indonesia. The instruments used to collect information were test, acumen plans, and field notes. This examination was done in two cycles considering the way that the deferred results of the appraisal in the fundamental cycle didn't meet the rules of accomplishment. All of cycle incorporates four get-togethers. The disclosures of the examination showed that the applying of procedure in getting ready English can manufacture pupils' vocabulary strength. This is appeared by the pupils' gainful rate in cycle I was 52 (65%), in Cycle II and the measure of the pupils who got scores at any rate 6.5 or more basic was 70 (87.5%). Additionally, the pupils gave positive reaction toward the insight plan result, explicitly: excitement, inspiration, interest, reaction, and progress. It very well may be considered that the association system is successful and material in educating vocabulary.
Differential expression of multimerin 1 in cancers of the breast.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: April 2021

Breast cancer affects women at relatively high frequency (1). We mined published microarray datasets (2, 3) to determine in an unbiased fashion and at the systems level genes most differentially expressed in the primary tumors of patients with breast cancer. We report here significant differential expression of the gene encoding multimerin 1, MMRN1, when comparing primary tumors of the breast to the tissue of origin, the normal breast. MMRN1 mRNA was present at significantly lower quantities in tumors of the breast as compared to normal breast tissue. Analysis of human survival data revealed that expression of MMRN1 in primary tumors of the breast was correlated with overall survival in patients with luminal A and luminal B cancers but in a contrary manner, demonstrating a complex relationship between primary tumor expression of a differentially expressed gene and patient survival outcomes influenced by molecular subtype. MMRN1 may be of relevance to initiation, maintenance or progression of cancers of the female breast.
Political and Non-Political Belief Change Elicits Behavioral Change
Authors: Vlasceanu Madalina , McMahon Casey Elizabeth , Van Bavel Jay Joseph , Coman Alin
Published: April 2021

Beliefs have long been theorized to predict behaviors and thus have been the target of many interventions aimed at changing false beliefs in the population. But does changing beliefs translate into predictable changes in behaviors? Here, we investigated the impact of belief change on behavioral change across three experiments (N=659). Participants rated the accuracy of a set of health-related statements and chose corresponding campaigns to which they could donate funds in an incentivized-choice task. They were then provided with relevant evidence in favor of the correct statements and against the incorrect statements. Finally, they rated the accuracy of the initial set of statements again and were given a chance to change their donation choices. We found that evidence changed beliefs and this, in turn, led to behavioral change. In two pre-registered follow- up experiments, we replicated these findings with politically charged topics, and found a partisan asymmetry in the effect, such that belief change triggered behavioral change only for Democrats on Democratic topics, but not for Democrats on Republican topics or for Republicans on either topic. We discuss the implications of this work in the context of interventions aimed at stimulating climate action or preventative health behaviors.
On the Association Between the Self-Control Scale and Social Desirability Measures: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Zhang Han , Sun Xin , Miyake Akira
Published: April 2021

This review examined the relationship between a popular self-report measure of self-control, the Self-Control Scale, and its association with measures of social desirability. Although the original study reported substantial correlations between this scale and measures of social desirability (rs = .54-.60), it is not clear whether this reported association is strong and robust and, if so, how such an association should be interpreted. We conducted three lines of analyses to address these questions, while acknowledging the existence of two contrasting viewpoints on social desirability: (a) a stylistic view (social desirability as a response bias) and (b) a substantive view (social desirability as a personality trait). Our goal was not to adjudicate between these two perspectives, but to document the current state of the literature and flesh out the implications of our findings from each perspective. First, a meta-analysis including 81 studies with a total of 24,282 participants demonstrated a substantial correlation between the Self-Control Scale and social desirability, r = .41, 95% Confidence Interval = [.38, .44]. After correcting for unreliability, the estimated correlation was r = .54 [.50, .57]. Second, a qualitative analysis indicated that, among the meta-analyzed studies, social desirability scales were predominantly used as a measure of response bias and that the alternative substantive view was seldom acknowledged. Finally, simulation results from a commonality analysis demonstrated that the sizable correlation between the Self-Control Scale and social desirability could pose methodological and interpretational challenges under some circumstances. These results call for further investigations into the nature of the overlapping variance between the Self-Control Scale and social desirability.
Improving reading rate prediction with word length information: Evidence from Dutch
Authors: Brysbaert Marc , Sui Longjiao , Duyck Wouter , Dirix Nicolas
Published: April 2021

Previous research in English has suggested that reading rate predictions can be improved considerably by taking average word length into account. In the present study, we investigated whether the same regularity holds for Dutch. The Dutch language is very similar to English, but words are on average half a letter longer: 5.1 letters per word (in non-fiction) instead of 4.6. We collected reading rates of 62 participants reading 12 texts with varying word lengths, and examined which change in the English equation accounts for the Dutch findings. We observed that predictions were close to the best fitting curve as soon as the average English word length was replaced by the average Dutch word length. The equation predicts that Dutch texts with an average word length of 5.1 letters will be read at a rate of 238 word per minute (wpm). Texts with an average word length of 4.5 letter will be read at 270 wpm, and texts with an average word length of 6.0 letters will be read at a rate of 202 wpm. The findings are in line with the assumption that the longer words in Dutch do not slow down silent reading relative to English and that the word length effect observed in each language is due to word processing effort and not to low-level, visual factors.
Associative learning shapes visual discrimination – a web-based study
Authors: Stegmann Yannik , Andreatta Marta , Pauli Paul , Wieser Matthias J
Published: April 2021

Threat detection plays a vital role in adapting behavior to changing environments. A fundamental function to improve threat detection is by learning to differentiate be-tween stimuli predicting danger and safety. Accordingly, aversive learning should lead to enhanced sensory discrimination of danger and safety cues. However, studies inves-tigating the psychophysics of visual and auditory perception after aversive learning show divergent findings, and both enhanced and impaired discrimination after aversive learning have been reported. Therefore, the aim of this web-based study is to examine the impact of aversive learning on a continuous measure of visual discrimination. To this end, n = 205 participants underwent a differential fear conditioning paradigm be-fore and after completing a visual discrimination task using differently oriented grating stimuli. Participants saw either unpleasant or neutral pictures as unconditioned stimuli (US). Results demonstrated sharpened visual discrimination for the US-associated stim-ulus (CS+), but not for the unpaired conditioned stimuli (CS-). Importantly, this finding was irrespective of the US’s valence. These findings suggest that associative learning results in increased stimulus salience, which facilitates perceptual discrimination in or-der to prioritize attentional deployment.
Efecto del entrenamiento de fuerza sobre las cualidades físicas en rehabilitación cardiaca: estudio cuasiexperimental
Authors: Rojas Cetina César , Garzón Jonny Alonso
Published: April 2021

Introducción: combinar trabajo aer.bico con actividades de entrenamiento de fuerza constituye una alternativa de gran inter.s dentro de los programas de rehabilitaci.n cardiaca, debido a la influencia ejercida sobre algunas cualidades f.sicas y la potencializaci.n de los beneficios del ejercicio. Objetivo: evaluar cambios en cualidades f.sicas en pacientes fase III de rehabilitaci.n card.aca, posterior a la aplicaci.n de un programa de fuerza. Materiales y métodos: estudio cuasiexperimental en 35 pacientes mayores de 40 a.os asistentes a la Uni.n de M.dicos de la Actividad F.sica en Bogot., Colombia, a quienes se les realiz. una evaluaci.n inicial de composici.n corporal, prueba de fuerza, propiocepci.n y flexibilidad; se completaron 36 sesiones de un programa de fuerza, con una evaluaci.n final de las mismas variables. El an.lisis se hizo con medidas de frecuencia, de tendencia central, dispersi.n y prueba de Wilcoxon para datos pareados. Resultados: se vincularon 35 pacientes, 54,3% hombres, edad promedio 65,7 a.os. Se observ. diferencia significativa p < 0,05 en la mediana del peso levantado y n.mero de repeticiones en la extensi.n de rodilla, fuerza de agarre y propiocepci.n despu.s de la intervenci.n. No se observ. diferencia en composici.n corporal y flexibilidad. Conclusiones: se observaron cambios en la fuerza y propiocepci.n despu.s del entrenamiento de fuerza en pacientes con comorbilidades y edad mayor de 40 a.os, usuarios pertenecientes a un programa de rehabilitaci.n card.aca. No hubo cambios en la flexibilidad, se sugiere un entrenamiento de mayor amplitud para los grupos musculares. No se presentaron eventos adversos.
Sufis’ Actions Against the Dutch in Aceh in The Late 19th and Early 20th Centuries
Authors: Fakhriati Fakhriati
Published: April 2021

Sufis in Aceh, historically, had shown its real action in their daily life in relation to both vertical and horizontal. For vertical relations, the followers performed any Sufi practice leading them to their God. For horizontal relationship, they protected and defended their society and state by performing jihad against the Dutch as colonizers and infidels for them. There are at Ieast three factors influenced Sufis actions to be more attractive. First, the condition of Acehnese sultanate became weak. Second, the Dutch seemed eagerly to expand their colonial territory to Aceh. Third, the Acehnese had already kept in touch with other Muslims in Arabia since the Islam coming to this area. This article elaborates in detail on this matter by using primary sources from manuscripts and archives. Besides, secondary sources are also referred for comperation.
The Use of Papers in The Acehnese Islamic Manuscripts and its Historical Context
Authors: Fakhriati Fakhriati
Published: April 2021

Paper is the most popular material used for writing Islamic manuscript in the Archipelago, including Aceh. Both imported and traditional papers were used for writing Islamic manuscripts in Aceh. Using certain paper for writing an Islamic manuscript might be used for tracing a great information on the context of papers that can be able to learn and know the relationship between the country of paper producers and the country of the paper users. This article argues that Acehnese Islamic manuscripts were written mostly in imported papers containing of watermark images commonly used in Islamic countries. This indicates that Acehnese had either social, economic, political, or knowledge relationship with Islamic countries.
Adat, Islam, and Dakwah Movement in Bayan, North Lombok
Authors: Budiwanti Erni
Published: April 2021

Of the three millions Lombok population the Bayanese cover around 5,000 people, who have embedded Islam since 16th century ago. Despite their adherence to Islam, they still bold very strongly the adat (custom) to worship divine ancestors and various guardian spirits. This bas instigated dakwah (missionary) movement led by Tuan Guru (teacher) and his loyal disciples to purify Islamic ritual that violates the tauhīd (monotheism), They act as the agents of change who want to transform the Bayanese syncretic belief. The mission has put the Bayanese in dilemma. On one hand, it is very sensitive because it attempts to alter the sacred ancestral values which are highly respected. On the other hand, this mission offers free education and ecological project which intends to increase the living standard of local Bayanese
Islamic and Customary Law in Aceh Darussalam Constitution
Authors: Adnan Gunawan
Published: April 2021

It is confessed that the relationship between Islamic taw and customary law in Aceh is very tight and hardly distinguished. This phenomenon hold also true and could be traced through the canonical texts of Aceh Darussalam kingdom. This articIe is aimed at examining this indication through a brief study on the manuscript of the so-called three laws of Aceh, especially pertaining to siyasah (politics) and the forms of relationship between the two legal systems. Furthermore, it will also discuss the substance of the text compared with al-Mawardi's thought in al-Ahkam al-Sulthaniyyah. The study safely comes to the conclusion that the majority of siyasah concept of Islamic law has been absorbed into the structure of canonical texts of Aceh Darussalam Kingdom. Last but not least, it is also found two forms of absorption, namely, total and selective absorptions.
The Application of Islamic Law in Indonesia: Between Opportunities and Challenges
Authors: Hejazziey Djawahir
Published: April 2021

Essentially, the application of Islamic law in Indonesia has a huge opportunity. Undeniably, there remain challenges, both from within (Muslims) and from outside (other than Muslims). The great and tremendous challenges come from Muslims themselves. Muslims do not want Islamic law in Indonesia upright. The reason is the government is also unwilling because of the existing legal system and dissimilarity of attitude, understanding, practice of Muslims and Islamic leaders of Al-Quran and Al-Hadith, especially in relation to politics. It is likely to continue in line with the dynamics of Muslims in the state and nation. Pros and cons of Muslims against the application of Islamic law, including the unwillingness of groups against Islamic approach to structural (power) and Islamic cultural (culture), will raise the difficult and impossible application of Islamic law in Indonesia. Therefore, for most Muslims, the teachings should be reinterpreted beyond the textual meaning and application in real life.
Genealogy of Indonesian Islamic Education: Roles in the Modernization of Muslim Society
Authors: Azra Azyumardi
Published: April 2021

Indonesian Islamic education has long and rich history. In fact Islamic education is one of the most important aspects of legacy of Indonesian Islam. Despite changes in the Indonesian history, Islamic education continues to flourish, consisting now at primary and secondary levels of pesantren. Madrasah, and sekolah Islam. While at the tertiary level, Islamic education institutions consist of State Islamic Higher Education (PTAIN/Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam Negeri) and Private Islamic Higher Education (PTAIS/Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam Swasta). Both state and prove Indonesian Islam higher education institutions are the largest system in the whole Islamic world. In the last two decades, another significant development in PTAIN is the enlargement of its mandate through the creation of full-fledged Islamic Universities (UIN/Universitas Islam Negeri). With the historic transformation, the roles of Indonesian Islamic higher education is even becoming more and more important.
Contesting Double Genealogy: Representing Rebellion Ambiguity in Babad Tanah Jawi
Authors: Fawaid Achmad
Published: April 2021

Since firstly written in 1612 until the “final version” in 1836, Babad Tanah Jawi had a special place among intellectual debates, partly, in regard with its “functions” as mythical genre, ancient prophecy, historical narrative of Java, genealogical prototype, and typical structure with previous texts. However, little attention was given to the fact that Mataram, largely depicted in Babad Tanah Jawi, is considered as having ‘problematic’ double genealogy, which partly resulted from a double familial lineage of Batara Guru and the Prophet Adam, and the synthetic power of Demak and Majapahit. This study attempts to depict a scholarly contestation of the double genealogy of Mataram and its implication on ambivalent narratives of rebellion in the text.  Constructed as ex post facto in the universum of historical references, Babad Tanah Jawi seemingly takes its dual position in providing a subjectively constructed cosmology of Javanese characters and in attempting to objectively illustrate historical events. In some ways, it impacts on the way the text justified Javanese rulers by providing supernatural genesis of ancestors, and ‘purifying’ genealogical defects. The result is a distorted story of those who failed and succeeded to take over the Javanese kingdoms. The ambiguity lies on the way it has to maintain mythological genealogy of rebelling descendants and to perceive such rebellion as subversive.
PENERAPAN HUKUM TERHADAP TINDAK PIDANA PENGRUSAKAN BARANG DALAM AKSI UNJUK RASA
Authors: Irman Syahriar Alex Subagyo Dan
Published: April 2021

Basically the damage to other people's belongings is very detrimental to the owner of the damaged goods only partially or completely so that the owner of the goods can no longer use his belongings, other than that the goods that have been damaged are valuable to the owner by damaging the goods very disturbing the peace of the owner of the goods . How is the application of the law to the crime of destruction of goods in a demonstration and how is the criminological point of view of the crime of destruction of goods in a demonstrationThis type of research used in this study is a type of normative legal research, which is a legal research method that uses a statutory approachThe results showed that the threat of punishment in article 170 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code, regarding legal sanctions for perpetrators of violence against people or goods in public is threatened with imprisonment for five years and six months, whereas in Article 406 paragraph (1) of the Criminal Code with the same result, namely violence against goods, the perpetrators were threatened with imprisonment for up to two years and eight months or a maximum fine of four Rp. 4,500 (four thousand and five hundred). Every human being has an interest, where interests are divided into three namely individual interests, group interests and general interests. Crime, violence and "mass vandalism" in Indonesia are products of social systems with various values that are not mutually harmonious, and are not always compatible, harmonious and balanced.
Utilização de vídeos didáticos para o ensino de solo
Authors: Marques Jean Dalmo de Oliveira , Oliveira Alexandre Nicolette Sodré , Paes Lucilene da Silva
Published: April 2021

Dada a importância do solo para a vida na Terra, emerge a necessidade de que essa temática seja tratada na escola de maneira significativa. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar a eficiência da utilização de vídeos didáticos como recurso audiovisual para o ensino de solo no ensino fundamental. A pesquisa foi de caráter qualitativo utilizando-se o método da pesquisa-ação e aplicação de questionário e entrevista semiestruturados para a coleta de dados. Utilizamos quatro vídeos com diferentes abordagens associadas aos conteúdos escolares. A inserção de vídeos didáticos como recurso audiovisual para o ensino de solo no ensino fundamental demonstrou ser uma alternativa eficiente. Houve melhora significativa no aprendizado da temática solo e maior conscientização sobre a conservação do solo. A forma como o recurso audiovisual foi utilizado também merece atenção, sendo necessário a mediação do professor ao longo de todo o processo para melhor eficiência do processo ensino e aprendizagem.