bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching Service Design: pedagogical reflections
Authors: Salinas Lara , Grimaldi Silvia , Escalante Maria Alejandra Lujan , Ali Hena , Lagedamont Marion , Prendiville Alison
Published: November 2023

We present critical reflections from our teaching and learning, design research and knowledge exchange practices to posit a pedagogy of service design. A salient characteristic of this pedagogy is that we involve cohorts of postgraduate students in complex multi-stakeholder projects. We created the Service Futures Lab to provide infrastructure for these projects. When the Lab collaborates with courses across the university it bridges the requirements of the student curriculum with the requirements of our collaborators, aligning with university and our own research agendas and interests. We outline how the learning by doing approach of the Lab contributes to building a pedagogy of service design. We use three projects led by the Lab that involved students from MA Service Design between 2020 and 2022 to discuss how we apply the pedagogical principles we are positing, as well as reflect on the constraints, issues, and opportunities of such projects.
SOSpesa – Neighbourhood solidarity networks for the recovery, distribution, and valorisation of food surplus
Authors: Fassi Davide , Meroni Anna
Published: November 2023

This paper presents and discusses the redesign of a charity activity, implemented in a neighbourhood of the city of Milan, into an innovative service called 'SOSpesa'. By creating, activating and experimenting a network of local actors to achieve a solidarity aim against food poverty, SOSpesa also implements a strategy to fight food waste and support local shops. Acting on a neighbourhood scale, it leverages the local context as a strength of the service, exploiting the networks already existing in the specific context of NoLo, the ‘North of Loreto’ area of the city. The paper illustrates the initiative's ongoing transformation from charitable action to structured service, working carefully not to distort its spirit and bottom-up commitment, and with the intention to frame it into a replicability strategy.
The Prototyping Service Experience as a Tool of Empathy and Research: from Finland to Chile
Authors: Soto Mariluz , Miettinen Satu , Alhonsuo Mira
Published: November 2023

This article shows the journey of exploring a Finnish service prototyping laboratory with the purpose to create a similar environment in Chile with an emphasis on empathy. Service prototyping is one of the important stages of the service design process where all ideas converge and make visible the opportunities to improve services. Making ´the ideas visible´ happens through building collaborative mockups to shape and test possible solutions or service journeys. In Chile, service design is not widely developed and the prototyping stage is more common for the development of products than services. The article dive into the question ´How service prototyping can bring empathy and enhance research based on collaborative practice to improve people's experiences?´ The main conclusions highlight the characteristics of service prototyping as a key moment to incorporate empathy in the research stages to visualize the opportunities to improve services, results and user experience.
Multistakeholder Service Design Framework for Design of Patient Care Pathways - A case of joint management of pain patients in the health, labour and welfare services in Norway
Authors: Jalote-Parmar Ashis , Hara Dag Takuro , Guldbrandsøy Ida , Woodhouse Astrid , Hara Karen Walseth
Published: November 2023

Offering pain management services is a cohesive effort involving several stakeholders such as health, labour and welfare services. Globally, efforts are being made to develop streamlined patient care pathways, but there remains a specific need to improve and build the health care delivery services, for pain prevention, assessment, treatment, management, and follow-up. This raises the need for customised service design frameworks that provide guidance to both designers and healthcare providers in systematically involving multiple stakeholders to design patient-centered health care pathways. This paper presents a human-centered design case of service design for joint management of pain patients in the health, labour, and welfare services in Norway. This paper contributes directly to both the service design literature and health practice by proposing a multistakeholder service design framework. Paper also highlights strategic challenges and proposed solutions in the ongoing efforts in planning new national patient care pathways
A user experience analysis for senior citizens on mobile shopping service: case study of big three companies of South Korea
Authors: Lee Wonyoung , Lee Hyemin , Yoo Chaemoon , Kim Daeun , Pan Younghwan
Published: November 2023

This research is a case study on user experience analysis for senior citizens on mobile shopping services, focusing on the big three companies of South Korea. The research aims to broaden the view of service designers in creating inclusive design for senior citizens globally, by conducting user experience analysis for all generations, including senior citizens. The study consists of literary research, heuristic evaluation based on user experience design principles, and user interview for a deeper and on-site understanding of senior citizens’ user experience. The results suggest key considerations for the user experience design of senior citizens and common challenges faced by the user group.
Banana fiber and its potential for socially sustainable innovation through design
Authors: Mariani Beatriz Futlik , De Sousa Cyntia Santos Malaguti
Published: November 2023

Which key questions should design be addressing in a context of rapid environmental degradation and social inequality? Prompted by this question, the present article investigates reflective practice (Schön, 1983) and its potential for socially sustainable innovation when applied to an experience with a banana-fiber craftworker located in Brazil's southern region, in a town known for its tourist industry. Our reflections here are based on a literature review and fieldwork visits to focus on aspects arising from qualitative, participant-observational, dialogic research. Further research questions are posed in terms of exploring the socially sustainable characteristics of a product-development approach to this natural fiber and related craftwork in Brazil, aligned with empowerment-driven design practices to generate new products and services with higher levels of socially sustainable potential.
Citizens’ wishes and issues for urban mobility services of Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Quaresma Manuela , Fonseca Bárbara , Burlamaqui Mariana
Published: November 2023

Smart cities have been the target for the development of several technologies, notably in the field of urban mobility. However, issues related to citizens' commuting need to be addressed beyond technology but focusing on the population and the context in which they live. This paper aims to discuss citizens' wishes and issues for the city of Rio de Janeiro to think about how we can achieve the so-desired smart city. From design workshop sessions with citizens, we intended to understand, through a dynamic in thinking about wishes for a short- and long-term future, which solutions we can give for the future of urban mobility considering their particularities. Several points were raised regarding governance, infrastructure, safety and security, and transportation modes, as well as technologies that could benefit citizens. The results may contribute to developing innovative service design proposals for urban mobility suitable for city contexts similar to the city studied.
A User Experience Study on the Design Direction for Foreigner-Friendly Telecommunication Service in South Korea
Authors: Kim Daeun , Yoo Chaemoon , Lee Hyemin , Lee Wonyoung , Pan Younghwan
Published: November 2023

As South Korea experiences an increase in cultural and ethnic diversity, telecommunication companies have recognized the need to provide online service channels, such as mobile applications and websites, that are tailored to the needs of this growing segment of users. Despite efforts by some companies to be more inclusive in their design, including the provision of separate translated webpages, non-native customers still encounter obstacles when utilizing telecom services, resulting in a suboptimal user experience and limited accessibility. Therefore, a systematic study is required to gain a deeper understanding of the needs and challenges faced by foreign users when purchasing and using telecommunication services. This study includes case studies and reviews of existing services, user experience research through focus group, in-depth and expert interviews, this study aims to suggest a direction for designing mobile telecommunication service targeting foreigners in South Korea. Ultimately, the findings of this study are expected to be practically used as a resource for designing “foreigner-friendly” telecommunication services that promotes equal accessibility to information and support.
Exploring the impact of oral bacteria remnants on stem cells from the Apical papilla: mineralization potential and inflammatory response
Authors: Zymovets Valeriia , Rakhimova Olena , Wadelius Philip , Schmidt Alexej , Brundin Malin , Kelk Peyman , Landström Maréne , Vestman Nelly Romani
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Bacterial persistence is considered one of the main causal factors for regenerative endodontic treatment (RET) failure in immature permanent teeth. This interference is claimed to be caused by the interaction of bacteria that reside in the root canal with the stem cells that are one of the essentials for RET. The aim of the study was to investigate whether prolonged exposure of stem cells from the apical papilla (SCAP) to bacterial remnants of Fusobacterium nucleatum, Actinomyces gerensceriae, Slackia exigua, Enterococcus faecalis, Peptostreptococcaceae yurii, commonly found in infected traumatized root canals, and the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus gasseri and Limosilactobacillus reuteri, can alter SCAP’s inflammatory response and mineralization potential.

Methods

To assess the effect of bacterial remnants on SCAP, we used UV-C–inactivated bacteria (as cell wall-associated virulence factors) and bacterial DNA. Histochemical staining using Osteoimage Mineralization Assay and Alizarin Red analysis was performed to study SCAP mineralization, while inflammatory and osteo/odontogenic-related responses of SCAPs were assessed with Multiplex ELISA.

Results

We showed that mineralization promotion was greater with UV C–inactivated bacteria compared to bacterial DNA. Immunofluorescence analysis detected that the early mineralization marker alkaline phosphatase (ALP) was increased by the level of E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) positive control in the case of UV-C–inactivated bacteria; meanwhile, DNA treatment decreased the level of ALP compared to the positive control. SCAP’s secretome assessed with Multiplex ELISA showed the upregulation of pro-inflammatory factors IL-6, IL-8, GM-CSF, IL-1b, neurotrophic factor BDNF, and angiogenic factor VEGF, induced by UV-C–killed bacteria.

Discussion

The results suggest that long term stimulation (for 21 days) of SCAP with UV-C–inactivated bacteria stimulate their mineralization and inflammatory response, while DNA influence has no such effect, which opens up new ideas about the nature of RET failure.
Comparative genomics analysis of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains from a community
Authors: Li Yini , Liu Xin , Chen Lingzhi , Shen Xiao , Wang Haihong , Guo Ruiyu , Li Xiang , Yu Zehui , Zhang Xiaoli , Zhou Yingshun , Fu Li
Published: November 2023

Background

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a multidrug-resistant (MDR) opportunistic pathogen with high resistance to most clinically used antimicrobials. The dissemination of MDR S. maltophilia and difficult treatment of its infection in clinical settings are global issues.

Methods

To provide more genetic information on S. maltophilia and find a better treatment strategy, we isolated five S. maltophilia, SMYN41–SMYN45, from a Chinese community that were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing, biofilm formation assay, and whole-genome sequencing. Whole-genome sequences were compared with other thirty-seven S. maltophilia sequences.

Results

The five S. maltophilia strains had similar antibiotic resistance profiles and were resistant to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and macrolides. They showed similar antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, including various efflux pumps, β-lactamase resistance genes (blaL1/2), aminoglycoside resistance genes [aac(6’), aph(3’/6)], and macrolide-resistant gene (MacB). Genome sequencing analysis revealed that SMYN41-SMYN45 belonged to sequence type 925 (ST925), ST926, ST926, ST31, and ST928, respectively, and three new STs were identified (ST925, ST926, and ST928).

Conclusion

This study provides genetic information by comparing genome sequences of several S. maltophilia isolates from a community of various origins, with the aim of optimizing empirical antibiotic medication and contributing to worldwide efforts to tackle antibiotic resistance.
Variation in VEGFA and risk of cardiovascular disease in the UK Biobank
Authors: Chen Hongyin , Lv Xingyu , Yang Jinzhao , Chen Zhaojun , Qiao Wanning , Zhou Tao , Zhang Yang
Published: November 2023

Background

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an escalating global health crisis, contributing significantly to worldwide mortality and morbidity. Dyslipidemia stands as a critical risk factor for CVD. Vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) is pivotal in angiogenesis and represents a clinical target for CVD intervention. However, the impact of genetic modulation of VEGFA on lipid levels and the subsequent risk of cardiovascular events remains unclear.

Methods

We used LDpred2 to calculate genetic scores for lipid levels based on VEGFA variation, serving as instrumental variables to simulate the effect of VEGFA inhibitors. We then assessed the associations between genetic risk for lipid levels and CVD risk by conducting One-sample Mendelian randomization.

Results

Our results indicated that low-density lipoprotein cholesterol [LDL-C; odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% CI: 1.06–1.11], remnant cholesterol (RC; OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.13–1.36), and triglycerides (TG; OR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.07–1.22) were positively associated with the incidence of CVD. In contrast, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was inversely associated with the incidence of CVD (OR = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.76–0.86). When considering the genetic score for LDL-C constructed based on VEGFA, the group with a high genetic score demonstrated an elevated CVD risk (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 1.04–1.19) compared to those with a low genetic score. Notably, One-sample Mendelian randomization results provided evidence of a causal relationship between LDL-C and CVD (p = 8.4×10−3) when using genetic variation in VEGFA as an instrumental variable.

Conclusions

Genetic variation mimicking the effect of VEGFA inhibition, which lowers LDL-C levels, was causally associated with a reduced risk of cardiovascular events. These findings offer insight into the potential therapeutic relevance of modulating VEGFA-mediated lipid changes in the prevention and management of CVD.
Role of vascular smooth muscle cell clonality in atherosclerosis
Authors: Luo Lingfeng , Fu Changhao , Bell Caitlin F. , Wang Ying , Leeper Nicholas J.
Published: November 2023

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains the leading cause of death worldwide. While many cell types contribute to the growing atherosclerotic plaque, the vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) is a major contributor due in part to its remarkable plasticity and ability to undergo phenotype switching in response to injury. SMCs can migrate into the fibrous cap, presumably stabilizing the plaque, or accumulate within the lesional core, possibly accelerating vascular inflammation. How SMCs expand and react to disease stimuli has been a controversial topic for many decades. While early studies relying on X-chromosome inactivation were inconclusive due to low resolution and sensitivity, recent advances in multi-color lineage tracing models have revitalized the concept that SMCs likely expand in an oligoclonal fashion during atherogenesis. Current efforts are focused on determining whether all SMCs have equal capacity for clonal expansion or if a “stem-like” progenitor cell may exist, and to understand how constituents of the clone decide which phenotype they will ultimately adopt as the disease progresses. Mechanistic studies are also beginning to dissect the processes which confer cells with their overall survival advantage, test whether these properties are attributable to intrinsic features of the expanding clone, and define the role of cross-talk between proliferating SMCs and other plaque constituents such as neighboring macrophages. In this review, we aim to summarize the historical perspectives on SMC clonality, highlight unanswered questions, and identify translational issues which may need to be considered as therapeutics directed against SMC clonality are developed as a novel approach to targeting atherosclerosis.
FLAP: a framework for linking free-text addresses to the Ordnance Survey Unique Property Reference Number database
Authors: Zhang Huayu , Casey Arlene , Guellil Imane , Suárez-Paniagua Víctor , MacRae Clare , Marwick Charis , Wu Honghan , Guthrie Bruce , Alex Beatrice
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Linking free-text addresses to unique identifiers in a structural address database [the Ordnance Survey unique property reference number (UPRN) in the United Kingdom (UK)] is a necessary step for downstream geospatial analysis in many digital health systems, e.g., for identification of care home residents, understanding housing transitions in later life, and informing decision making on geographical health and social care resource distribution. However, there is a lack of open-source tools for this task with performance validated in a test data set.

Methods

In this article, we propose a generalisable solution (A Framework for Linking free-text Addresses to Ordnance Survey UPRN database, FLAP) based on a machine learning–based matching classifier coupled with a fuzzy aligning algorithm for feature generation with better performance than existing tools. The framework is implemented in Python as an Open Source tool (available at Link). We tested the framework in a real-world scenario of linking individual’s (n=771,588) addresses recorded as free text in the Community Health Index (CHI) of National Health Service (NHS) Tayside and NHS Fife to the Unique Property Reference Number database (UPRN DB).

Results

We achieved an adjusted matching accuracy of 0.992 in a test data set randomly sampled (n=3,876) from NHS Tayside and NHS Fife CHI addresses. FLAP showed robustness against input variations including typographical errors, alternative formats, and partially incorrect information. It has also improved usability compared to existing solutions allowing the use of a customised threshold of matching confidence and selection of top n candidate records. The use of machine learning also provides better adaptability of the tool to new data and enables continuous improvement.

Discussion

In conclusion, we have developed a framework, FLAP, for linking free-text UK addresses to the UPRN DB with good performance and usability in a real-world task.
Global research trends of diabetes remission: a bibliometric study
Authors: Yang Xue , He Zhiwei , Chen Qilin , Chen Yu , Chen Guofang , Liu Chao
Published: November 2023

Background

Research on diabetes remission has garnered prominence in recent years. However, to date, no pertinent bibliometric study has been published. This study sought to elucidate the current landscape and pinpoint potential new research directions through a bibliometric analysis of diabetes remission.

Methods

We perused relevant articles on diabetes remission from January 1, 2000, to April 16, 2023, in the Web of Science. We utilized CiteSpace software and VOSviewer software to construct knowledge maps and undertake analysis of countries, institutional affiliations, author contributions, journals, and keywords. This analysis facilitated the identification of current research foci and forecasting future trends.

Results

A total of 970 English articles were procured, and the annual publication volume manifested a steady growth trend. Most of the articles originated from America (n=342, 35.26%), succeeded by China and England. Pertaining to institutions, the University of Newcastle in England proliferated the most articles (n=36, 3.71%). Taylor R authored the most articles (n=35, 3.61%), and his articles were also the most co-cited (n=1756 times). Obesity Surgery dominated in terms of published articles (n=81, 8.35%). “Bariatric surgery” was the most prevalently used keyword. The keyword-clustering map revealed that the research predominantly centered on diabetes remission, type 1 diabetes, bariatric surgery, and lifestyle interventions. The keyword emergence and keyword time-zone maps depicted hotspots and shifts in the domain of diabetes remission. Initially, the hotspots were primarily fundamental experiments probing the feasibilities and mechanisms of diabetes remission, such as transplantation. Over the course, the research trajectory transitioned from basic to clinical concerning diabetes remission through bariatric surgery, lifestyle interventions, and alternative strategies.

Conclusion

Over the preceding 20 years, the domain of diabetes remission has flourished globally. Bariatric surgery and lifestyle interventions bestow unique advantages for diabetes remission. Via the maps, the developmental milieu, research foci, and avant-garde trends in this domain are cogently portrayed, offering guidance for scholars.
Latest progress in low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for studying exosomes derived from stem/progenitor cells
Authors: He Yi-fang , Wang Xia-li , Deng Shuang-ping , Wang Yan-li , Huang Qing-qing , Lin Shu , Lyu Guo-rong
Published: November 2023

Stem cells have self-renewal, replication, and multidirectional differentiation potential, while progenitor cells are undifferentiated, pluripotent or specialized stem cells. Stem/progenitor cells secrete various factors, such as cytokines, exosomes, non-coding RNAs, and proteins, and have a wide range of applications in regenerative medicine. However, therapies based on stem cells and their secreted exosomes present limitations, such as insufficient source materials, mature differentiation, and low transplantation success rates, and methods addressing these problems are urgently required. Ultrasound is gaining increasing attention as an emerging technology. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has mechanical, thermal, and cavitation effects and produces vibrational stimuli that can lead to a series of biochemical changes in organs, tissues, and cells, such as the release of extracellular bodies, cytokines, and other signals. These changes can alter the cellular microenvironment and affect biological behaviors, such as cell differentiation and proliferation. Here, we discuss the effects of LIPUS on the biological functions of stem/progenitor cells, exosomes, and non-coding RNAs, alterations involved in related pathways, various emerging applications, and future perspectives. We review the roles and mechanisms of LIPUS in stem/progenitor cells and exosomes with the aim of providing a deeper understanding of LIPUS and promoting research and development in this field.
Developing systems theory in soil agroecology: incorporating heterogeneity and dynamic instability
Authors: Medina Nicholas , Vandermeer John
Published: November 2023

Soils are increasingly acknowledged as complex systems, with potential non-linear behaviors having important implications for ecosystem and Earth system dynamics, but soil models could improve adoption of analytical tools from the broader interdisciplinary field of complex systems. First- and new-generation soil models formulate many soil pools using first-order decomposition, which tends to generate simpler yet numerous parameters. Systems or complexity theory, developed across various scientific and social fields, may help improve robustness of soil models, by offering consistent assumptions about system openness, potential dynamic instability and distance from commonly assumed stable equilibria, as well as new analytical tools for formulating more generalized model structures that reduce parameter space and yield a wider array of possible model outcomes, such as quickly shrinking carbon stocks with pulsing or lagged respiration. This paper builds on recent perspectives of soil modeling to ask how various soil functions can be better understood by applying a complex systems lens. We synthesized previous literature reviews with concepts from non-linear dynamical systems in theoretical ecology and soil sciences more broadly to identify areas for further study that may help improve the robustness of soil models under the uncertainty of human activities and management. Three broad dynamical concepts were highlighted: soil variable memory or state-dependence, oscillations, and tipping points with hysteresis. These themes represent possible dynamics resulting from existing observations, such as reversibility of organo-mineral associations, dynamic aggregate- and pore hierarchies, persistent wet-dry cycles, higher-order microbial community and predator-prey interactions, cumulative legacy land use history, and social management interactions and/or cooperation. We discuss how these aspects may contribute useful analytical tools, metrics, and frameworks that help integrate the uncertainties in future soil states, ranging from micro-to regional scales. Overall, this study highlights the potential benefits of incorporating spatial heterogeneity and dynamic instabilities into future model representations of whole soil processes, and contributes to the field as a modern synthetic review that connects existing similar ideas across disciplines and highlights their implications for future work and potential findings. Additionally, it advocates for transdisciplinary collaborations between natural and social scientists, extending research into anthropedology and biogeosociochemistry.
Bridging the gap: returning genetic results to indigenous communities in Latin America
Authors: Arango-Isaza Epifanía , Aninao María José , Campbell Roberto , Martínez Felipe I. , Shimizu Kentaro K. , Barbieri Chiara
Published: November 2023

In response to inequality in access to genomics research, efforts are underway to include underrepresented minorities, but explicit (and enforcing) guidelines are mostly targeted toward the Global North. In this work, we elaborate on the need to return scientific results to indigenous communities, reporting the actions we have taken in a recent genomic study with Mapuche communities in Chile. Our approach acknowledged the social dynamics perpetuating colonial hierarchies. We framed genetic results to empower indigenous knowledge and communities’ history and identities. A fundamental step in our strategy has been sharing the results with the communities before publishing the scientific paper, which allowed us to incorporate community perspectives. We faced the challenge of translating genetic concepts like admixture, emphasizing the distinction between identity and biology. To reach a broad and diverse audience, we disseminated the study results to single community members, cultural representatives, and high schools, highlighting the importance of the history of the region before the European contact. To facilitate results dissemination, we prepared didactic material and a report in Spanish written in non-specialized language, targeting a wider Latin American readership. This work illustrates the benefits of discussing scientific findings with indigenous communities, demonstrating that a collaborative and culturally sensitive approach fosters knowledge sharing and community empowerment and challenges power dynamics in genetic research. Bridging the gap between academia and indigenous communities promotes equity and inclusion in scientific endeavors.
Research progress on the mechanism of glycolysis in ovarian cancer
Authors: Li Chan , Liu Fang-Yuan , Shen Ying , Tian Yuan , Han Feng-Juan
Published: November 2023

Glycolysis is the preferred energy metabolism pathway in cancer cells even when the oxygen content is sufficient. Through glycolysis, cancer cells convert glucose into pyruvic acid and then lactate to rapidly produce energy and promote cancer progression. Changes in glycolysis activity play a crucial role in the biosynthesis and energy requirements of cancer cells needed to maintain growth and metastasis. This review focuses on ovarian cancer and the significance of key rate-limiting enzymes (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase, related signaling pathways (PI3K-AKT, Wnt, MAPK, AMPK), transcription regulators (HIF-1a), and non-coding RNA in the glycolytic pathway. Understanding the relationship between glycolysis and these different mechanisms may provide new opportunities for the future treatment of ovarian cancer.
Comparison of two RT-qPCR methods targeting BK polyomavirus microRNAs in kidney transplant recipients
Authors: Zoubir Kenza , Descamps Véronique , Aubry Aurélien , Helle Francois , Francois Catherine , Castelain Sandrine , Brochot Etienne , Demey Baptiste
Published: November 2023

Background

BK polyomavirus replication leads to progressive tubulointerstitial nephritis and ureteral stenosis, with a considerable risk of subsequent graft failure in kidney transplant recipients. Since specific antiviral therapies are lacking, new tools are required to enhance the biological monitoring of the infection. Viral microRNAs are promising new biomarkers, but the performance of RT-qPCR methods limits the clinical application and the validation of a standard method for quantification.

Methods

We compared TaqMan microRNA Assays and TaqMan Advanced miRNA Assays for bkv-miR-B1-3p and bkv-miR-B1-5p quantification in synthetic microRNA templates and in 44 urine samples belonging to 14 consecutive kidney transplant recipients with BK polyomavirus replication from Amiens University Medical Center in a 1-year span.

Results

Cycle threshold values were constantly higher with TaqMan Advanced MicroRNA Assays. TaqMan microRNA Assays showed better performance in predicting the good prognosis of BK polyomavirus nephropathy.

Conclusion

Overall, TaqMan MicroRNA Assays appeared to be a more sensitive and accurate RT-qPCR method than TaqMan Advanced MicroRNA Assays to quantify bkv-miR-B1-3p and bkv-miR-B1-5p BKPyV miRNAs in patients’ urine samples.
Case Report: A rare case of multicentric angiosarcomas of bone mimicking multiple myeloma on 18F-FDG PET/CT
Authors: Huang Wenpeng , Xiao Xiaoyan , Zhang Yongbai , Peng Yushuo , Song Lele , Li Liming , Gao Jianbo , Kang Lei
Published: November 2023

Background

Angiosarcoma, a rare endothelial-origin tumor, can develop throughout the body, with the head and neck skin being the most commonly affected areas. It can also originate in other sites such as the breast, iliac artery, and visceral organs including the liver, spleen, and kidneys. Angiosarcoma of the bone is remarkably rare, presenting as either unifocal or multifocal bone lesions and often leading to a grim prognosis. Diagnosing bone angiosarcoma poses a significant challenge. 18F-FDG PET/CT serves as a reliable and indispensable imaging modality for evaluating distant metastases and clinically staging angiosarcomas.

Case report

A 57-year-old woman presented with a 10-day history of dizziness and headaches. Cranial CT scan revealed bone destruction of the parietal bone, accompanied by soft tissue lesions, protruding into the epidural space. MRI examination demonstrated lesions with slightly elevated signal intensity on T2FLAIR, showing moderate enhancement. Furthermore, multiple foci were observed within the T12, L1-5, and S1-2 vertebrae, as well as in the bilateral iliac bones. For staging, 18F-FDG PET/CT was performed. The MIP PET showed multifocal FDG-avid lesions in the sternum, bilateral clavicles, bilateral scapulae, multiple ribs, and pelvic bones. Heterogeneous FDG uptake was observed in multiple bone lesions, including intracranial (SUVmax = 11.3), right transverse process of the T10 vertebra (SUVmax = 5.8), ilium (SUVmax = 3.3), and pubis (SUVmax = 4.7). The patient underwent surgical resection of the cranial lesion. The pathological diagnosis was made with a highly differentiated angiosarcoma.

Conclusion

Angiosarcoma of bone on FDG PET/CT scans is characterized by abnormal FDG uptake along with osteolytic destruction. This case highlights that angiosarcoma of bone can manifest as multicentric FDG uptake, resembling the pattern seen in multiple myeloma. FDG PET/CT can be a useful tool for staging this rare malignant tumor, offering the potential to guide biopsy procedures toward the most metabolically active site. And it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple osteolytic lesions, including metastatic carcinoma, multiple myeloma, and lymphoma of bone.
Loss of maturity and homeostatic functions in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-derived astrocytes
Authors: Luinenburg Mark J. , Scheper Mirte , Sørensen Frederik N. F. , Anink Jasper J. , Van Hecke Wim , Korshunova Irina , Jansen Floor E. , Riney Kate , van Eijsden Pieter , Gosselaar Peter , Mills James D. , Kalf Rozemarijn S. , Zimmer Till S. , Broekaart Diede W. M. , Khodosevich Konstantin , Aronica Eleonora , Mühlebner Angelika
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Constitutive activation of the mTOR pathway, as observed in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC), leads to glial dysfunction and subsequent epileptogenesis. Although astrocytes are considered important mediators for synaptic clearance and phagocytosis, little is known on how astrocytes contribute to the epileptogenic network.

Methods

We employed singlenuclei RNA sequencing and a hybrid fetal calf serum (FCS)/FCS-free cell culture model to explore the capacity of TSC-derived astrocytes to maintain glutamate homeostasis and clear debris in their environment.

Results

We found that TSC astrocytes show reduced maturity on RNA and protein level as well as the inability to clear excess glutamate through the loss of both enzymes and transporters complementary to a reduction of phagocytic capabilities.

Discussion

Our study provides evidence of mechanistic alterations in TSC astrocytes, underscoring the significant impairment of their supportive functions. These insights enhance our understanding of TSC pathophysiology and hold potential implications for future therapeutic interventions.
Investigating the crosstalk between chronic stress and immune cells: implications for enhanced cancer therapy
Authors: Lei YongRong , Liao Fenghui , Tian YiChen , Wang YaNi , Xia Feng , Wang JianHua
Published: November 2023

Chronic stress has a substantial influence on the tumor microenvironment (TME), leading to compromised effectiveness of anti-cancer therapies through diverse mechanisms. It disrupts vital functions of immune cells that play a critical role in anti-tumor immunity, such as the inhibition of dendritic cells (DCs) and lymphocytes, while simultaneously enhancing the activity of immune cells that support tumor growth, such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells and tumor-associated macrophages. Furthermore, chronic stress exerts a significant impact on crucial mechanisms within the TME, including angiogenesis, DNA repair, hypoxia, extracellular matrix deposition, and tumor metabolism. These alterations in the TME, induced by stress, result from the activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and sympathetic nervous system, in conjunction with epigenetic modifications. In conclusion, chronic stress significantly influences the TME and impedes the efficacy of anti-cancer treatments, underscoring the importance of targeting stress pathways to improve therapeutic results.
No neuroprotective effect of therapeutic hypothermia following lipopolysaccharide-sensitized hypoxia-ischemia: a newborn piglet study
Authors: Andersen Mads , Andersen Hannah Brogård , Andelius Ted Carl Kejlberg , Hansen Lærke Hjøllund , Pinnerup Regitze , Bjerre Mette , Ringgaard Steffen , Schwendimann Leslie , Gressens Pierre , Kyng Kasper Jacobsen , Henriksen Tine Brink
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Therapeutic hypothermia is the only proven neuroprotective treatment for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. However, studies have questioned whether therapeutic hypothermia may benefit newborns subjected to infection or inflammation before a hypoxic-ischemic insult. We aimed to compare newborn piglets with lipopolysaccharide-sensitized hypoxia-ischemia treated with and without therapeutic hypothermia with regards to measures of neuroprotection.

Methods

A total of 32 male and female piglets were included in this randomized experimental study. Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli were infused intravenously before initiation of a standardized global hypoxic-ischemic insult. The piglets were then randomized to either normothermia or therapeutic hypothermia. After 14 h, the piglets were evaluated. Our primary outcome was brain lactate/N-acetylaspartate ratio assessed by magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Secondary outcomes included measures of magnetic resonance imaging, amplitude-integrated electroencephalography, immunohistochemistry, and concentration of blood cells and cytokines.

Results

Piglets treated with and without therapeutic hypothermia were subjected to comparable global hypoxic-ischemic insults. We found no difference between the two groups with regards to measures of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, amplitude-integrated electroencephalography, immunohistochemistry, and concentration of blood cells and cytokines.

Conclusion

We found no indication of neuroprotection by therapeutic hypothermia in newborn piglets following lipopolysaccharide-sensitized hypoxia-ischemia. However, interpretation of the results is limited by the short observation period. Further studies are required to determine the potential clinical implications of these findings.
Sub-background radiation exposure at the LNGS underground laboratory: dosimetric characterization of the external and underground facilities
Authors: Ampollini Marco , Anello Pasqualino , Balata Marco , Bortolin Emanuela , Chiarelli Federico , Chiti Daniele , Chiti Maurizio , De Angelis Cinzia , D’Imperio Giulia , Donghia Raffaella , Esposito Giuseppe , Ferella Francesco , Galante Angelo , Laubenstein Matthias , Morciano Patrizia , Nisi Stefano , Nuccetelli Cristina , Quattrini Maria Cristina , Tabocchini Maria Antonella , Tomei Claudia
Published: November 2023

Radiobiological studies conducted in Deep Underground Laboratories allow to improve the knowledge of the biological effects induced by ionizing radiation at low doses/dose rates. At the Gran Sasso National Laboratory of the Italian Institute of Nuclear Physics we can study the possible differences in behavior between parallel biological systems, one maintained in a Reference-Radiation Environment (RRE, external) and the other maintained in an extremely Low-Radiation Environment (LRE, underground), in the absence of pressure changes, the RRE and LRE laboratories being at the same altitude. For these investigations, it is mandatory to evaluate the dose rate values at RRE and LRE. The aim of our work is to provide a comprehensive dosimetric analysis for external and underground laboratories. Measurements of the different low Linear Energy Transfer (LET) components at RRE and LRE were performed using different detectors. Gamma dose rates were 31 nSv/h at RRE and 27 nSv/h at LRE respectively. The muon dose rate was 47 nSv/h at RRE and negligible at LRE (less than pGy/h). Dosimetric measurements were also carried out to characterize the devices used to modulate the gamma dose rate, namely, a gamma source irradiator (to increase the dose rate by about 90 nSv/h) and shields (of iron at LRE and lead at RRE). Using the iron shield at LRE a dose reduction factor of about 20, compared to the RRE, was obtained for the low LET components; inside the lead shield at RRE the gamma component was negligible compared to the muonic component. Radon activity concentrations were approximately of 20 Bq/m3 at both LRE and RRE. The intrinsic contribution of radioactivity in the experimental set up was of 0.25 nGy/h, as evaluated with a GEANT4-simulation, using as input the measured activity concentrations. GEANT4 simulations were also performed to calculate the neutron dose rate at RRE, yielding a value of 1.4 nGy/h, much larger than that at LRE (which is less than pGy/h). In conclusion, RRE and LRE are currently characterized and equipped to perform radiobiological studies aimed at understanding the involvement of the different low LET components in determining the response of biological systems.
miR-277 regulates the phase of circadian activity-rest rhythm in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Anna Geo , John Maria , Kannan Nisha N.
Published: November 2023

Circadian clocks temporally organize behaviour and physiology of organisms with a rhythmicity of about 24 h. In Drosophila, the circadian clock is composed of mainly four clock genes: period (per), timeless (tim), Clock (Clk) and cycle (cyc) which constitutes the transcription-translation feedback loop. The circadian clock is further regulated via post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms among which microRNAs (miRNAs) are well known post-transcriptional regulatory molecules. Here, we identified and characterized the role of miRNA-277 (miR-277) expressed in the clock neurons in regulating the circadian rhythm. Downregulation of miR-277 in the pacemaker neurons expressing circadian neuropeptide, pigment dispersing factor (PDF) advanced the phase of the morning activity peak under 12 h light: 12 h dark cycles (LD) at lower light intensities and these flies exhibited less robust rhythms compared to the controls under constant darkness. In addition, downregulation of miR-277 in the PDF expressing neurons abolished the Clk gene transcript oscillation under LD. Our study points to the potential role of miR-277 in fine tuning the Clk expression and in maintaining the phase of the circadian rhythm in Drosophila.
LodgeNet: an automated framework for precise detection and classification of wheat lodging severity levels in precision farming
Authors: Ali Nisar , Mohammed Ahmed , Bais Abdul , Sangha Jatinder S. , Ruan Yuefeng , Cuthbert Richard D.
Published: November 2023

Wheat lodging is a serious problem affecting grain yield, plant health, and grain quality. Addressing the lodging issue in wheat is a desirable task in breeding programs. Precise detection of lodging levels during wheat screening can aid in selecting lines with resistance to lodging. Traditional approaches to phenotype lodging rely on manual data collection from field plots, which are slow and laborious, and can introduce errors and bias. This paper presents a framework called ‘LodgeNet,’ that facilitates wheat lodging detection. Using Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Deep Learning (DL), LodgeNet improves traditional methods of detecting lodging with more precision and efficiency. Using a dataset of 2000 multi-spectral images of wheat plots, we have developed a novel image registration technique that aligns the different bands of multi-spectral images. This approach allows the creation of comprehensive RGB images, enhancing the detection and classification of wheat lodging. We have employed advanced image enhancement techniques to improve image quality, highlighting the important features of wheat lodging detection. We combined three color enhancement transformations into two presets for image refinement. The first preset, ‘Haze & Gamma Adjustment,’ minimize atmospheric haze and adjusts the gamma, while the second, ‘Stretching Contrast Limits,’ extends the contrast of the RGB image by calculating and applying the upper and lower limits of each band. LodgeNet, which relies on the state-of-the-art YOLOv8 deep learning algorithm, could detect and classify wheat lodging severity levels ranging from no lodging (Class 1) to severe lodging (Class 9). The results show the mean Average Precision (mAP) of 0.952% @0.5 and 0.641% @0.50-0.95 in classifying wheat lodging severity levels. LodgeNet promises an efficient and automated high-throughput solution for real-time crop monitoring of wheat lodging severity levels in the field.
Place attachment among rural migrants and returnees: case of Shuangfeng County, China
Authors: He Lei , Mao Yingming , Kinoshita Takeshi
Published: November 2023

In the mobile era, place attachment among rural migrants and returnees has become dynamic and diversified. However, research on place attachment to native place among rural migrants and returnees is limited. The focus of previous research has primarily been on the destination place attachment of rural migrants, which makes it difficult to gain a comprehensive understanding of the place attachment among both rural migrants and returnees. This study aims to investigate the state of place attachment to both native and destination places among rural migrants and returnees originating from the same birthplace. It explores their place attachment after migrating from rural areas to cities. A quantitative research approach was adopted, garnering questionnaire responses from 274 rural migrants and returnees, all born in Shuangfeng County, Hunan Province. The questionnaire encompassed a Likert scale for measuring place attachment, as well as sociodemographic statistical information. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to ascertain the reliability and validity of the questionnaire. Based on the factor scores of place attachment to both places from migrants and returnees, a two-step cluster analysis identified three types of migrants and two types of returnees. Chi-square tests revealed significant differences among migrants in terms of property ownership, educational level, marital status, presence of children, age at departure, and time away from hometown. The study discovered that, regardless of being a migrant or returnee, the overall attachment to hometown was stronger than that to the current or previously inhabited city. In the context of existing literature primarily concerned with the integration of rural migrants into urban areas, this paper offers a fresh research perspective, highlighting the significance of emotional ties to one’s hometown for rural migrants. The findings of this paper provide direction and a theoretical basis for rural areas to attract return migration and for urban regions to facilitate the integration of migrants.