bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
14 challenges and their solutions for conducting social neuroscience and longitudinal EEG research with infants
Authors: Noreika Valdas , Georgieva Stanimira , Wass Sam , Leong Victoria
Published: October 2019

The use of electroencephalography (EEG) to study infant brain development is a growing trend. In addition to classical longitudinal designs that study the development of the neural, cognitive and behavioural function, new areas of EEG application are emerging, such as novel social neuroscience paradigms using dual infant-adult EEG recordings. However, most of the experimental designs, analysis methods, as well as EEG hardware were originally developed for single-person adult research. When applied to the study of infant development, adult-based solutions often pose unique problems that may go unrecognised. Here, we identify 14 challenges that infant EEG researchers may encounter when designing new experiments, collecting data, and conducting data analysis. Challenges related to the experimental design are: (1) small sample size and data attrition, and (2) varying arousal in younger infants. Challenges related to data acquisition are: (3) determining the optimal location for reference and ground electrodes, (4) control of impedance when testing with the high-density sponge electrode nets, (5) poor fit of standard EEG caps to the varying infant head shapes, and (6) ensuring a high degree of temporal synchronisation between amplifiers and recording devices during dual-EEG acquisition. Challenges related to the analysis of longitudinal and social neuroscience datasets are: (7) developmental changes in head anatomy, (8) prevalence and diversity of infant myogenic artefacts, (9) a lack of stereotypical topography of eye movements needed for the ICA-based data cleaning, (10) and relatively high inter-individual variability of EEG responses in younger cohorts. Additional challenges for the analysis of dual EEG data are: (11) developmental shifts in canonical EEG rhythms and difficulties in differentiating true inter-personal synchrony from spurious synchrony due to (12) common intrinsic properties of the signal and (13) shared external perturbation. Finally, (14) there is a lack of test-retest reliability studies of infant EEG. We describe each of these challenges and suggest possible solutions. While we focus specifically on the social neuroscience and longitudinal research, many of the issues we raise are relevant for all fields of infant EEG research.
Worked-out examples of the Adequacy of Bayesian Optional Stopping
Authors: Tendeiro Jorge , Kiers Henk , van Ravenzwaaij Don
Published: October 2019

The practice of sequentially testing a null hypothesis as data are collected until the null hypothesis is rejected is known as optional stopping. It is well-known that optional stopping is problematic in the context of p-value based null hypothesis significance testing: The false positive rates quickly overcome the single test’s significance level. However, the state of affairs under null hypothesis Bayesian testing, where p-values are replaced by Bayes factors, has perhaps surprisingly been much less consensual. Rouder (2014) used simulations to defend the use of optional stopping under null hypothesis Bayesian testing. The idea behind these simulations is closely related to the idea of sampling from prior predictive distributions. Deng et al. (2016) and Hendriksen et al. (2020) have provided mathematical evidence to the effect that optional stopping under null hypothesis Bayesian testing does hold under some conditions. These papers are, however, exceedingly technical for most researchers in the applied social sciences. In this paper we provide some mathematical derivations concerning Rouder’s approximate simulation results for the two Bayesian hypothesis tests that he considered. The key idea is to consider the probability distribution of the Bayes factor, which is regarded as being a random variable across repeated sampling. This paper therefore offers an intuitive perspective to the literature and we believe it is a valid contribution towards understanding the practice of optional stopping in the context of Bayesian hypothesis testing.
Psychobiological Markers of Allostatic Load in Depressed and Non-Depressed Mothers and Their Adolescent Offspring
Authors: Nelson Benjamin W , Sheeber Lisa , Pfeifer Jennifer H , Allen Nicholas B.
Published: October 2019

Importance: Most prior research examining the impact of maternal depression on offspring has been limited in the following ways: 1) focused only on families with young (i.e., prepubescent) children, 2) constrained within one domain (e.g., psychological, behavioral, or biological), and 3) lacked simultaneous investigation of the impact maternal depression has on both mother and offspring health. The current study addresses these limitations by simultaneously examining multiple psychobiological markers of allostatic load across cardiovascular indices, inflammation, cellular aging, and measures of behavioral health in depressed and non-depressed mothers as well as their adolescent offspring, which have important implications for understanding the mechanisms underlying the association between mental and physical health.Objective: Simultaneously investigate autonomic, sympathetic, and parasympathetic cardiac control, inflammation, and cellular aging differences between depressed and non-depressed mothers as well as their adolescent offspring.Design, Setting, and Participants: A case-control study of 180 low-income mother and adolescent dyads (50% mothers depressed, 50% mothers non-depressed) was conducted in a laboratory setting.Main Outcomes and Measures: Mental health symptoms, autonomic cardiac control, inflammation, and cellular aging.Results: Overall, findings indicate that both depressed mothers and their adolescent offspring systematically differ in terms of comorbid mental and physical health risk profiles that are suggestive of higher allostatic load. Findings indicate that depressed mothers exhibit elevated resting heart rate and decreased heart-rate variability, while adolescent offspring of depressed mothers also exhibit greater mental health symptoms, elevated heart rate, and accelerated biological aging (shorter telomeres). These effects persisted after controlling for a range of potential covariates, including medication use, sex, age, and adolescent mental health symptoms. Conclusions and Relevance: These findings indicate that maternal depression is associated with indices of increased allostatic load in both depressed women and their adolescent children, possibly increasing risk for early onset of psychiatric conditions and disease in these offspring.
A systematic review of neuroimaging approaches to single-subject studies of language processing
Authors: Bajracharya Aahana , Peelle Jonathan E.
Published: October 2019

Task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has become the method of choice for studying localized function in the human brain. Functional MRI studies often rely on group-level results to derive conclusions about the neurobiology of language. However, doing so without accounting for the complexities of individual brains may reduce the validity of the findings. Furthermore, understanding brain organization in individuals is critically important for both basic science and clinical application. To assess the state of single-subject language localization in the functional neuroimaging literature, we carried out a systematic review of studies published through April 2020. Out of 977 papers identified through our search, 121 met our inclusion criteria for reporting single-subject fMRI results. Of these, 20 papers reported using a single-subject test-retest analysis to assess reliability. Specific metrics included overlap measures (like the Dice coefficient), correlation measures (like Intraclass Correlation Coefficient), Euclidean Distance between peak activation/center of mass, and Sensitivity/Specificity. These papers varied substantially in their experimental paradigms and stimuli, making more detailed comparisons impossible. In the absence of quantified reproducibility, results from paradigms used for single-subject language localization may need to be treated with caution. Incorporating reliability and validity measures in language mapping paradigms increases the likelihood that task-based activations are reproducible. Our search found that a relatively modest number of papers reporting single-subject results quantified single-subject reliability. Future endeavors to optimize the localization of language networks in individuals will benefit from the broader reporting of reliability metrics for different tasks and acquisition parameters.
Changing family dynamics and in-work benefits
Authors: Rooney Clíona , Gray Jane
Published: October 2019

Internationally, in-work benefits (IWBs) are widely adopted as a measure to assist parents transitioning to work and to ‘make work pay’ for low-income families. The family income supplement (FIS) is an Irish IWB, introduced at a time of rapid societal change.This article shows how changing family dynamics, and a shift in policy focus towards a ‘work-first’ approach, challenged the original values underlying FIS. We discuss FIS in the context of changes to family life and social policy. We then outline the results of ten interviews with experts using three themes: work-first approach; child poverty and encouraging care.Our analysis shows that policymakers faced new challenges to provide an income support for children while also promoting full-time labour participation. FIS continues to support working families, but in a manner that creates contradictions for the contemporary ‘work-first’ approach. It is necessary to re-examine FIS in relation to its wider policy context and to address requirements for caring.
Conflict Resolution Through Effective Communication
Authors: Bista Binod Prasad
Published: October 2019

Freedom of expression has surfaced in large parts of the world, particularly the newly independent nations and the countries that remained in isolation, along with the spread of democracies in those countries. With the rise of free expression of views often contesting with one another, conflicts of different kinds that were under suppression earlier, also emerged. Conflict in itself is considered neither good nor bad but it is judged by its outcome. Study of conflict, specifically the causes behind it relating to power struggle, economic competition, is important for achieving peace. One of the important tools for resolving conflicts is effective communication. Despite the stupendous advancement of information and communication technologies (ICTs), existence of digital divide has presented serious constraints in the application of available technologies. Potential of ICTs in conflict resolution is being increasingly recognized as it assists in promoting peace, preventing conflict through the use of early warning system. While the mobile technology generated SMS is credited for success of 'Arab Spring', considered as a non-violent method for regime change, there are also problems associated with it in fueling conflicts. It is, thus, necessary for communication, particularly media, to become transparent, reliable and ethical. Use of English language in doing business today cannot be overemphasized. Sometimes it requires more than language to resolve conflicts arising out of national interest related issues of the countries concerned. Sustainable peace demands intervention of a non-violent nature with consideration given to social justice and human rights. Effective communication in not merely an act of entering into dialogue and relaying views and perceptions to conflicting parties but also securing their trust and confidence in order to arrive at a mutually agreeable agreement for securing peace.
War Memory and Mizoguchi’s Film
Authors: Yatagai Fumie
Published: October 2019

This paper focuses on the Japanese film director called Kenji Mizoguchi who worked not only the making films but gave the caricature impact to the Japanese society. He was touching with the Japanese philosophy and spirit before and after the World War II.

He described the common life of the Japanese life, especially tracing on how the women were dis-treated because of the context of the machismo in the public and at home. Also, the women were prohibited to have good education. The Japanese women at that time had a harsh moment to find their identity.

For instance, as I experienced the poverty and discriminations just to be a women, Mizoguchi’s film encouraged me and opened a door to the new life.
Study on Distribution of Rhododendron Arboreum Sm. In Langtang National Park Using Geographic Information System and Remote Sensing
Authors: Shrestha Ila
Published: October 2019

The paper is based on the study of distribution of Rhododendron arboreum Sm. in Langtang National Park ranging from 600 m to 7234 m. The study was carried out the Remote-Sensing and Geographic Information System technique. SPOT Image and ERDAS Software have been used for the image processing. The program has detected different ecological parameters in tropical to alpine zone and verified ground truth Rhododendron arboretum of the study.
Linking Words with the World: The Language Poetry Mission
Authors: Koirala Saroj
Published: October 2019

The poets associated with the L=A=N=G=U=A=G=E School have remarkably borrowed from the Pound-Olson tradition of political poetry and poetics. But, they have also experimented with newer methods and matters that deviate from the tradition. Such continuation and departure from the tradition of the socio-cultural oriented language poets has been investigated here. Their poetic tenets have been examined through the ideas formulated by the outstanding cultural critics; Adorno, Jameson, Bakhtin, Foucault, Lukács, and Benjamin. Based on the thorough examination it has been found out that besides many other socio-cultural demands the language poets want to connect the words of art the world people live. Such connection, as they perform, has been disturbed for long time.
शेर्पा भाषाको शब्दवर्ग Sherpa Bhashako Shabdabarga
Authors: Sherpa शेर्पा दावा Daba
Published: October 2019

नेपालको हिमाली क्षेत्रमा बसोवास गर्ने शेर्पा जातिले बोल्ने भाषालाई शेर्पा भाषा भनिन्छ । यो भाषा भोटवर्मेली भाषा परिवारअन्तर्गत पर्दछ । २०६८ सालको जनगणनाअनुसार एकलाख चौधहजार आठसय तीस अर्थात् शेर्पा भाषा बोल्नेको सङ्ख्या कुल जनसङ्ख्याको ०.४३ प्रतिशत मात्र रहेको तथ्याङ्क देखिन्छ । यस लेखमा क्षेत्रीय सर्वेक्षण विधिद्वारा सङ्कलित सामग्रीका आधारमा शेर्पा भाषाका शब्दवर्गहरू पहिचान गरी नेपाली भाषा र शेर्पा भाषाका शब्दवर्गको तुलनात्मक अध्ययन प्रस्तुत गरिएको छ । शेर्पा भाषाका शब्दवर्गमा नाममा व्यक्तिवाचक, जातिवाचक, द्रव्यवाचक, समूहवाचक र भाववाचक रहेका छन् भने सर्वनाममा पुरुषवाचक प्रथम, द्वितीय र तृतीय पुरुष एकवचन अनि बहुवचन पाइन्छ । आत्मवाचक, दर्शकवाचक र प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम रहेको पाइन्छ ।विशेषणमा गुणवाचक, परिणामवाचक, सङ्ख्यावाचक र सार्वनामिक विशेषण पाइन्छन् । क्रियापदमा भने सकर्मक, अकर्मक, समापिका, असमापिका क्रिया पाइन्छन् भने क्रियाविशेषण, नामयोगी, संयोजक र विस्मयादिबोधक आदि अव्यय पनि पाइन्छन् ।
समाजवाददेखि लोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादसम्म : एक विवेचना Samajvaddekhi Loktantrik Samajvadsamma: ek Vibechana
Authors: प्रधानाङ्ग Pradhanang कैलाश  Kailash
Published: October 2019

समाजवाद मानव समाजको विकाससँगै मानव जातिले आत्मसात् गर्दै आएकोसमाज व्यवस्थाको वस्तुगत मान्यता हो । यही मानव सभ्यतासँगै विकसित हुँदै आएकामूल्य र मान्यताहरूलाई सँगालेर पूर्वीय वैदिक कालका महाभारत, स्मृतिग्रन्थ, पुराणआदिमा मानव जातिले अपनाएका जीवनशैलीले समाजमा शान्तिपूर्ण व्यवस्था निर्माणगरेको पाइन्छ । त्यसै गरी पश्चिममा प्राचीन ग्रीस तथा रोमका नगर राज्यहरूमा स्थापितनागरिक समाजदेखि नै समाजवादका किरणहरू भेटिन्छन् । आधुनिक युगका सेन्टसाइमन, चाल्र्स फोरियर्स, रोवर्ट ओवेन आदिको काल्पनिक समाजवाद होस् या कार्लमाक्र्सले प्रतिपादन गरेको वैज्ञानिक समाजवाद नै किन नहोस्, यी सबै समयक्रमसँगैविकसित हुँदै आएका चिन्तनहरू हुन् । कसैले हिंसात्मक क्रान्तिलाई समाजवादीस्थापनाको उपयुक्त साधन ठानेका छन् । कसैले अंिहंसात्मक आन्दोलनलाई मानेका छन्भने कोही संवैधानिक र लोकतान्त्रिक मार्गबाट नै समाजवादी गन्तव्यमा पुग्न सकिनेकुरामा विश्वास गर्दछन् । यस लेखमा पनि मानव समाज र सभ्यताको विकास क्रमसँगैविकसित हुँदै आएको काल्पनिक समाजवाददेखि हाल विश्वमा प्रचलित हुँदै आएकोलोकतान्त्रिक समाजवादसम्मको विकास र विचारहरूको विश्लेषण गर्न खोजिएको छ ।
Enthalpies of mixing in ternary Ce–Cu–Sb liquid alloys
Authors: Ivanov Michael , Usenko Natalia , Kotova Natalia , Golovataya Natalia
Published: October 2019

The enthalpies of mixing in liquid alloys of the ternary Ce–Cu–Sb system were determined over a wide range of compositions by means of isoperibolic calorimetry at temperature 1300 K. Measurements were performed along five sections (x
Cu/x
Sb = 0.20/0.80; 0.40/0.60 and 0.60/0.40 for x
Ce changed from 0 up to 0.35 and x
Cu/x
Ce = 0.20/0.80 and 0.60/0.40 for x
Sb changed from 0 up to 0.25). The enthalpies of mixing in the ternary system were found to be exothermic and steadily increasing in absolute values from the binary constituent systems Ce–Cu and Cu–Sb towards the Ce–Sb boundary, reaching the minimum value of approximately –120 kJ · mol–1 in the vicinity of the phase CeSb.
PENGENDALIAN HAMA PENGGULUNG DAUN (Lamprosema indicata) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PESTISDA NABATI TERHADAP BEBERAPA VARIETAS TANAMAN KEDELAI (Glycine max L Merrill)
Authors: Harahap Samsinar , Syawaluddin Syawaluddin
Published: October 2019

Penelitian Ini Bertujuan Untuk Mengetahui PengaruhPengendalian Hama Penggulung Daun (Lamprosema Indicata) dengan menggunakan pestisida nabati terhadap beberapa varietas kacang kedelai. Penelitian Ini Dilaksanakan Di Lokasi Kelurahan Batang Ayuni Julu, Kecamatan Padangsidimpuan Utara, Kota Padangsidimpuan, Ketinggian Tempat 500 Meter Dari Permukaan Laut. Waktu Penelitian Dilaksanakan Bulan Februari 2018 Dan Penelitian Selesai Pada Bulan Juli 2018.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan dua faktor yaituFaktor Varietas Kedelaidisimbolkan (V) terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu V1, V2dan Faktor Pestisida Nabati disimbolkan (P) dengan 4 taraf yaitu P0,. P1, P2, dan P3.Dari hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh  pemberian pestisida nabati dan perbandingan varietas memberikan pengaruh tidak nyata pada jumlah daun terserang, intensitas serangan dan persentase serangan pada hama ulat penggulung daun.. Dari hasil analisa secara statistik menunjukkan bahwa interaksi antara kedua perlakuan tidak berpengaruh yang nyata terhadap semua parameter yang diamati. Kata Kunci : Pestisida Nabati, Varietas Kedelai
Synthesis of finely dispersed forms of zinc oxide doped with rare-earth elements (review)
Authors:   Satbayev University, Institute of Physics and Technology, Kemelbekova A.E. , Mukhamedshina D.M. ,   Institute of Physics and Technology
Published: October 2019

The paper summarizes the literature data, considers methods for producing highly dispersed forms of zinc oxide doped with rare earth elements. Alloying ZnO with rare earths and 4d transition elements is a popular method of manipulating the optical properties of ZnO systems. These systems may also have their own ferromagnetism due to their magnetic moment transmitted to 4f and 4d electrons. Investigations of authors in this field with the aim of using ZnO in metal / oxide composites are also described: the properties of zinc oxide doped REM powders obtained by various technological methods are studied. We studied the work on obtaining the described structures, the selection of the best technological parameters for the growth of thin films. In connection with the development of nanotechnology, REE compounds have become even more popular and are used to produce nanoluminophores, thin films, microporous membranes, and sol-gel glasses.
Geopolitical meridians of world-class universities
Authors: Balatsky Evgeny V. , Ekimova Natalya A.
Published: October 2019

This article discusses results from two waves (2017, 2019) of world-class universities identification, thus allowing provision of a geopolitical snapshot of advanced universities global market. Results show that United Europe is becoming a leader, while Asia and the United States positions have worsened. Economic and cultural factors are based on different countries foundations of success in formation of global universities. The quality of the economic prerequisite involves the existence of global high-tech companies in the country; their number and strength determine the number and strength of world-class universities. The quality of the cultural prerequisite involves wide dissemination of the philosophy of cooperation, that is, intensive national and international exchange experience among universities through creation of numerous collaborations, for example, international leagues and unions, regional consortia and groups, and professional associations and alliances.
Gleb Yuryevich Vereshchagin – distinguished investigator of lake Baikal
Authors: Takhteev Vadim V. , Rusinek Olga T.
Published: October 2019

This article presents significant biographical information about Gleb Vereshchagin, the founder of Russian and Soviet limnology, the organizer of complex scientific research on Lake Baikal, which is the worlds deepest and oldest freshwater lake. The authors describes Vereshchagins developmental milestones as an outstanding researcher of lakes. He began work on Lake Baikal simply as a participant and then became head of the expedition of the Academy of Sciences Commission for the Study of Lake Baikal and the scientific Secretary of the Commission. In 1928, the Baikal expedition was transformed into the Baikal Limnological Station of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which Vereshchagin headed until 1944. His multi-faceted scientific heritage includes fundamental works on lakes hydrology and hydrophysics, plankton studies, the problem of the origin of Lake Baikals endemic fauna and flora, the first methodological guide to field hydrochemical analysis of natural waters, and extensive bibliographical reports on limnology.
Using scientometrics to estimate publication activity in modern Russia
Authors: Grinev Andrey V.
Published: October 2019

This article analyzes how state and administrative structures solve the problem of assessment by scientometric indicators specifically of the work of the faculty of Russian universities and specialists of research institutes of the Russian Academy of Sciences: how it is solved by. Past decades attitudinal evolution in Russia toward scientometric indicators is shown, the main drawbacks of using scientometric criteria are identified, and possible solutions to those drawbacks are proposed.
Fürsorgend und doch hegemonial? Eine empirische Untersuchung zum Verhältnis von Männlichkeit, Feminisierung und Punitivität in pädagogischen Kontexten
Authors: Pangritz Johanna
Published: October 2019

Innerhalb der Diskussion um ‚mehr Männer‘ in Erziehungs- und Bildungseinrichtungen werden widersprüchliche Erwartungen an männliche Fachkräfte gestellt, die in verschiedene, teils diametral entgegengesetzte Männlichkeitsbilder münden. Dabei zeigt sich eine bestimmte Form fürsorgender Männlichkeit, die gleichzeitig als hegemoniale Männlichkeit beschrieben werden kann, da sie einerseits punitive Tendenzen aufweist und andererseits durch die Abwertung mittels Feminisierung charakterisiert ist. Diesem Verhältnis wird mithilfe einer quantitativen Erhebung unter Studierenden der Erziehungsund Bildungswissenschaften nachgegangen. Die Mediationsanalyse zeigt einen totalen indirekten Effekt.
Editorial word
Authors: Kolodnyi Anatolii M.
Published: October 2019

This issue of Ukrainian Religious Studies (UR) is the first in 2019 to open a new page in the history of our professional publication. The complete digitization of all the UR numbers from 1996, which were published on the website of the National Library of Ukraine named after VI Khmelnytsky, was carried out. Vernadsky, located the journal on the new platform OpenJournalSestem, entered several scientometric databases responsible for global indexing of scientific publications (Google Scholar, Copernicus). We have updated the composition of the editorial board, which introduced world-renowned religious scholars. Changed our editorial policy, which is clearly written on their page. Now it has become more transparent and open: all articles to the SD will be submitted via the Internet and will be double-blind reviewed. In this way we are approaching the world standards for writing and publishing scientific articles.
COMPARISON OF GLUCOSE REDUCTION IN URINE USING BENEDICT METHOD HEATED BY METHYLATED FLAME WITH 100°C WATERBATH
Authors: Fadhilah Fitri , Vanawati Noviana
Published: October 2019

The high prevalence of Diabetes Melitus (DM) is a global problem that must be solved by health workers around the world. This study aims to determine the differences in the results of urine reduction examination using benedict method heated by spirtus flame and waterbath 100°C. This research method is a laboratory experiment. The results of this study indicated that the urine reduction examination by heating methylated flame and waterbath 100oC shows the same results from negative (-) until positive (+4). Examination of urine reduction by heating the methylated flame and waterbath 100oC did not affect the results. However, there are a difference in the process of urine reduction examination by heating flame which was need a longer time up to 3-5 minutes. Additionally, the solution in the tube could be exploded. It was also time consuming which could only carry out one by one sample. Meanwhile, the heating of urine by using 100oC waterbath is relatively faster, which only took 2 minutes. The urine was not also exploded when it was boiled and the heating process could perform 6-8 samples at the same time (depending on the tube rack). In conclusion, the heating method of urine by using waterbath was better than spirtus (methanol) flame since it could carry out large sample in one time and it was safer for the laboratory personnel.
EVALUATION OF ERYTHROCYTE SEDIMENTATION RATE (ESR) OF MOTORCYCLE WORKSHOP WORKER EXPOSED TO BENZENE
Authors: Sahri Moch. , Koentjoro Maharani Pertiwi , Shamsudin Shamsul Bahari
Published: October 2019

Occupational exposure to benzene from fuel oil in workshop motorcycle workshop causes several health effects, depending upon the level and duration of exposure. Analysis of blood is important to access the status of worker’ health. The study aimed to assess the gather basic information required for protecting workers’ health and improve working conditions in the works sites by investigating the ESR levels. A comparative cross-sectional study conducted in Surabaya City, East Java-Indonesia, which involved 100 workers. The occupational data collected using a structured questionnaire while blood analysis parameters measured with an automated hematology analyzer.   The result showed that leukocytes, erythrocytes, hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit values (HCT), platelet, MCV, RDW, eosinophil, basophils, neutrophil rods, neutrophil segment, lymphocyte, monocytes were in normal value. Whereas, MCH, MCHC, ESR has shown in abnormal value as average 24.5 pg, 29.18 g/dL and 8.21 mm/h, respectively. Those value, especially in ESR value indicated the increasing concentration plasma viscosity. This is may cause by inflammation in the workers’ body. To prevent the hazardous effect of benzene exposure, occupational health should be implemented for workers in order to protect them from exposure to benzene.
Synthesis and Complexation Studies of Optically Active Aza- and Diazacrown Ethers Containing a Pyrene Fluorophore Unit
Authors: Pál Dávid , Gede Martin , Móczár Ildikó , Baranyai Péter , Bagi Péter , Huszthy Péter
Published: October 2019

Novel enantiopure azacrown [(R,R)-1 and (S,S)-1] and diazacrown [(R,R)-2–(R,R)-4 and (S,S)-2–(S,S)-4] ethers containing a pyrene fluorophore unit and two phenyl groups at their chiral centers were obtained in multistep syntheses. The action of these chemosensors is based on the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) process, thus they show fluorescence enhancement in the presence of protonated primary amines and amino acid esters. Their recognition abilities toward the enantiomers of 1-phenylethylamine hydrogen perchlorate (PEA), 1-(1-naphthyl) ethylamine hydrogen perchlorate (NEA), phenylglycine methyl ester hydrogen perchlorate (PGME), and phenylalanine methyl ester hydrogen perchlorate (PAME) were examined in acetonitrile using fluorescence spectroscopy.
Molecular Basis of Gastric Carcinoma -A Challenge for the Future Days
Authors: Rahman Md Mizanur
Published: October 2019

Abstract not available

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2012) Vol. 16 (2) : 52-53
Prevalence of Gall Bladder Carcinoma in Patients with Cholelithiasis
Authors: Nahar K , Quddus MA , Islam KMS , Islam MA
Published: October 2019

The objective of the study was to find out the prevalence of gallbladder carcinoma in patients having cholelithiasis. For this purpose a prospective study was carried out on 15 patients of both sexes in Shaheed Ziaur Rahman Medical College Hospital, Bogura. Their mean age was 56 ±8 years (range 30 to 70 years) having gall bladder mass. Gall bladder mass and stone were detected by history, Physical examination, ultrasonography and computed tomography of the abdomen. Carcinoma was confirmed by histopathological examination of specimens removed by operation. All gallbladder masses removed by operation showed malignat tumor on histopathological examination. Among them adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were present in 94 and 6 percent respectively. Stones were present within gallbladder mass in 94 percent of cases. In 80 percent of cases the disease was in advanced stage. The results of the present study suggested that the patient having cholelithiasis are prone to develop malignancy in the gallbladder. However as the sample size is small further studies are needed by taking large number of sample to validate this statement

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2012) Vol. 16 (2) : 68-70
Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for Management of Renal Stone in Pediatric Patient- Single Center Experience
Authors: Bhuiyan NI , Tawhid KMH , Islam MF , Bhuiyan Zahid H , Ahmed NIU , Salahuddin K , Arafat MA
Published: October 2019

Introduction: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) is already an established method of management of renal stone in Bangladesh. Initially the procedure was restricted to adult age group only. Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy is the choice of procedure for management of renal stone in paediatric age group. Objectives: To see the out come of stone clearance by Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy(PCNL)in paediatric age group. Methods: This was a study in single centre since January' 09 to December 201 1 . Total 1 1 cases of renal stone in paediatric age group were managed by PCNL. The age ranges from 4 years to 15years, average 8.47 years. We use pneumatic lithotripters. Nephrostomy tubes and D-J stent were used in 7 cases. In 4 cases only DJ stent were used. Postoperative haematocrit and creatinine was measured routinely.

Results: Total stone clearance was achieved in all cases. The major post-operative complication was urosepsis(n-1), managed conservatively. Total hospital stay was 3 to 5 days; average 3.5 days. Stents were removed after 2 weeks. Conclusions: PCNL is a suitable procedure for the management of renal stone in pediatric age group this needs expertise, longer learning curve under supervised training.

Journal of Surgical Sciences (2012) Vol. 16 (2) : 76-79
EKSPLORASI IDE-IDE MATEMATIKA PADA KESENIAN REYOG TULUNGAGUNG
Authors: Hayuhantika Diesty , Rahayu Dwi Shinta
Published: October 2019

Mathematical learning is abstract. A learning innovation is needed by considering aspects of daily life so abstract mathematical concepts can be understood by students. Mathematics and culture are two interrelated things, the bridge between the two is called ethnomatematics. The focus of the research is on the 6 main elements of Reyog Tulungagung. This research is a qualitative research with ethnographic approach. The results of research in the form of mathematical ideas which are found based on the physical form of Reyog Tulungagung art elements, including: (1) mathematical ideas in gong, namely circles, arcing curved spaces, volumes of rotating objects, and symmetry; (2) mathematical ideas on the selompret, namely construct curved side spaces, rotating objects volume, and symmetry; (3) mathematical ideas on kenong namely circles, build curved side spaces, and rotary object volumes; (4) mathematical ideas on iker namely lines, circumference of circles, and symmetry; (5) mathematical ideas on dhodhog, that are circles, arcing curves, volume of rotating objects, triangles, and one-to-one correspondence; (6) mathematical ideas on goseng namely counting and arithmetic (addition and multiplication). In addition there is also a mathematical idea of ​​how to play musical instruments, namely repetitive patterns.
DAMPAK TAYANGAN TELEVISI PADA POLA KOMUNIKASI ANAK
Authors: Trisiah Anita
Published: October 2019

It can not be denied that television becomes one of the primary needs for everyone including children. There have been many studies that talk about the negative effects of television on cognitive development and child behavior. However, different phenomena are encountered on Water that will be the subject in this study. Air born on December 26, 2011 has a very high intensity in interacting with television. And, in plain view, Air has a different message and communication pattern than its peers. By using case study method, the data obtained from observation and documentation is processed by using social learning theory, reinforcement theory, mediation theory and some other related theory. After the analysis, the results obtained that the Air as a subject of research to social learning on the impressions she watched so that the communication message formed which is a duplication and ultimately form the pattern of interpersonal communication. These results are further strengthened by the selection of impressions appropriate to the age of Air. Tak dapat dipungkiri bahwa televisi menjadi salah satu kebutuhan primer bagi setiap orang termasuk anak-anak. Telah banyak penelitian yang berbicara mengenai dampak negatif dari televisi pada perkembangan kognitif maupun perilaku anak. Namun, fenomena berbeda ditemui pada Air yang akan menjadi subjek dalam penelitian ini. Air yang dilahirkan pada tanggal 26 Desember 2011 memiliki intensitas yang sangat tinggi dalam berinteraksi dengan televisi. Dan, secara kasat mata, Air memiliki pesan dan pola komunikasi yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan anak sebayanya. Dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus, data didapatkan dari hasil observasi dan dokumentasi diolah dengan menggunakan social learning theory, reinforcement theory, mediation theory dan teori lain yang berkaitan. Setelah dilakukan analisis, didapatkan hasil bahwa Air sebagai subjek penelitian melakukan pembelajaran sosial pada tayangan yang ia tonton sehingga terbentuk pesan komunikasi yang merupakan duplikasi dan pada akhirnya membentuk pola komunikasi interpersonal dengan komunikannya. Hasil ini semakin diperkuat dengan pemilihan tayangan yang tepat sesuai dengan usia Air.
Status Kesehatan Pasar Ditinjau Dari Aspek Sanitasi Dan Perilaku Hidup Bersih Sehat (PHBS) Pada Pasar Ciputat dan Pasar Modern BSD Kota Tangerang Selatan
Authors: Efendi Rusman , Syifa Jihan Nada Alya
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT 

The less market seen from the aspect of good sanitation and health behaviour of traders, managers and visitors can be a source of perkembangbiakkan and the spread of the disease. This can occur as a result of the Junk pile and all types of shit that has decayed, the absence of sewer/drainage and inadequate building conditions, conditions that are less healthy can be a flow of transmission of diseases from one person keorang another either through direct or indirect contact. One way to break the direct or indirect contacts that can occur in a market environment that is need for the implementation of a good market environment sanitation in accordance with the guidelines of the healthy market Kepmenkes Number 519/Menkes/SK/VI/2008. The purpose of this research is to know the health status of the market in terms of Sanitation and market aspects of Ciputat and markets Modern BSD. This research was conducted in may 2018. This research is the kind of research kuantitif with a descriptive observational approach by using a cross sectional study design, which is based on checklist No. 519 Kemenkes the year 2008 about the market Healthy. Health status of Ciputat Market aspects of sanitation categorized less with a score of 1484 or 51.5%, yet in the aspect of PHBS Ciputat Market categorized less well with a score of 1400 or 46.7% while Modern market's Health Status in terms of BSD sanitary aspects categorized both by a score of 2500 or 86.8% but in the aspect of Modern market PHBS BSD categorized both by a score of 2350 or 78.3%. The good health status of the Modern market and Ciputat Market BSD assessed aspects of sanitation and clean living and healthy behaviors (PHBS), on the assessment of the two aspects of the modern market of sanitary aspects and PHBS, market manager for Advice to undertakings leasehold improvements to market better, and need to be held or the educational approach to health promotion in the form of a media poster about the importance of clean living and healthy behavior in the market environment and sanitation hygiene training for traders and workers to improve public health degrees
Gambaran Kesadaran Perokok Untuk Mengikuti Konseling Di Klinik Berhenti Merokok Di Kota Denpasar
Authors: Devhy Ni Luh Putu , Yundari Ns. A. A. Istri Dalem Hana , Purwanti Ika Setya , Prihartiningsih Diah
Published: October 2019

Abstract

Introduction The Smoking Cessation Clinic (SCC) is one of the government's efforts to reduce the number of smokers. The SCC is expected to help people who want to quit smoking. This study aims to describe the awareness of smokers to quit smoking through the clinical consultation service to stop smoking in the city of Denpasar. Method: The design of this study was a cross-sectional study conducted at Puskesmas in the city of Denpasar for 3 months from July to November 2018. Samples were selected using consecutive sampling of 33 people. Data was collected using a structure questionnaire. Results: The results found the potensial utilization of SCC in Denpasar City Health Center was very high, as 25 respondents (75.8%) suggested that their families use the SCC. The opinion of the puskesmas visitors to teaching and learning activities was that most or 57.6% stated that the smoking cessation clinic was effective in making smokers quit smoking. In 2017 there were 177 people use SCC and those who managed until quite smoking are only 5 people. Discussion: The level of utilization of teaching and learning activities is still low because there are still many visitors in the Public Health Centers who are not aware of it. Most of diseases and health problems are related to smoking therefor collaboration SCC with others program are important. All health officers at others program should ask and recommend patient and the family to SCC if there any smokers.
Freeway Traffic Congestion Reduction and Environment Regulation via Model Predictive Control
Authors: Chen Juan , Yu Yuxuan , Guo Qi
Published: October 2019

This paper proposes a model predictive control method based on dynamic multi-objective optimization algorithms (MPC_CPDMO-NSGA-II) for reducing freeway congestion and relieving environment impact simultaneously. A new dynamic multi-objective optimization algorithm based on clustering and prediction with NSGA-II (CPDMO-NSGA-II) is proposed. The proposed CPDMO-NSGA-II algorithm is used to realize on-line optimization at each control step in model predictive control. The performance indicators considered in model predictive control consists of total time spent, total travel distance, total emissions and total fuel consumption. Then TOPSIS method is adopted to select an optimal solution from Pareto front obtained from MPC_CPDMO-NSGA-II algorithm and is applied to the VISSIM environment. The control strategies are variable speed limit (VSL) and ramp metering (RM). In order to verify the performance of the proposed algorithm, the proposed algorithm is tested under the simulation environment originated from a real freeway network in Shanghai with one on-ramp. The result is compared with fixed speed limit strategy and single optimization method respectively. Simulation results show that it can effectively alleviate traffic congestion, reduce emissions and fuel consumption, as compared with fixed speed limit strategy and classical model predictive control method based on single optimization method.
Evaluating Stress in Dogs Involved in Animal-Assisted Interventions
Authors: Corsetti Sara , Ferrara Miriam , Natoli Eugenia
Published: October 2019

Animal-assisted interventions (AAIs) are co-therapies in which the animal is an integral and active part of the treatment process. Dogs are widely involved in AAI projects, but little data are available to determine if AAI sessions are a source of stress for the dogs. Understanding the emotional state of animals and highlighting any signal of stress is crucial maintaining the wellness of the animals and in enhancing the probability of success of the AAI. The purpose of this study is to assess if dogs present signs of stress during animal assisted therapies sessions. The sample consisted of nine dogs, belonging to the members of the A.N.U.C.S.S. (the National Association for the Use of Dogs for Social Aims) association. Dogs lived with their owners and their health was checked by a vet once a week. Patients involved in the AAI project had disabilities due to mental disorder and/or psychomotor problems. During the therapeutic sessions, patients had to guide the dog along facilitated agility routes and/or perform the activities of cuddling and brushing the dog. When a dog accomplished a task, the patient gave him/her a reward (throwing a ball or a biscuit). Dogs were observed for a total of 174 h, 47 h before, 81 h during, and 46 h after AAI sessions. Each session of observation lasted 10–30 min. The differences of behavioural patterns in the three contexts were analysed by mean of the non-parametric Friedman test. Dogs never showed aggressive and stereotyped behaviour; the level of anxious behaviour was low and similar in all three kinds of sessions. During therapeutic sessions, attention, affiliative behavioural patterns, and sniffing behaviour increased. The highest level of attention of dogs was directed toward their conductor, rather than to the patient and to the other operator present. The results suggest that the amount of work dogs went through was adequate and that dogs did not show behavioural signs of stress.
How Much Does Weather Matter? Effects of Rain and Wind on PM Accumulation by Four Species of Australian Native Trees
Authors: Popek Robert , Haynes Alison , Przybysz Arkadiusz , Robinson Sharon A.
Published: October 2019

As interest in improving urban air quality grows, phytoremediation—amelioration through plants—is an increasingly popular method of targeting particulate matter (PM), one of the most harmful pollutants. Decades of research has proven that plants effectively capture PM from air; however, more information is needed on the dynamics of PM accumulation. Our study evaluated the effects of meteorological conditions on the dynamics of PM deposition, wash off and resuspension using four Australian tree species growing under natural conditions near a busy highway. Accumulation of PM on foliage was analyzed over the short term (daily changes) and over a longer time period (weekly changes). The results obtained were correlated with ambient concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10, rain intensity and wind strength. The highest accumulation of PM was recorded for Eucalyptus ovata (100.2 µg cm−2), which also had the thickest wax layer while the lowest was for Brachychiton acerifolius (77.9 µg cm−2). PM accumulation was highly changeable, with up to 35% different PM loads on the foliage from one day to the next. Importantly these dynamics are hidden in weekly measurements. Changes in PM deposition on the leaves was mostly affected by rain and to a lesser extent by wind, but the extent of the effect was species specific. The large PM fraction (10–100 µm) was the first to be removed from leaves, while the smallest PM fraction (0.2–2.5 µm) was retained for longer. Precipitation affects also PM retained in waxes, which until now were believed to be not affected by rain. This work demonstrates important interactions between PM load and weather, as well as adding to the small inventory of Australian native tree PM accumulation data.
The Neuroprotective Effects of Melatonin: Possible Role in the Pathophysiology of Neuropsychiatric Disease
Authors: Lee Jung Goo , Woo Young Sup , Park Sung Woo , Seog Dae-Hyun , Seo Mi Kyoung , Bahk Won-Myong
Published: October 2019

Melatonin is a hormone that is secreted by the pineal gland. To date, melatonin is known to regulate the sleep cycle by controlling the circadian rhythm. However, recent advances in neuroscience and molecular biology have led to the discovery of new actions and effects of melatonin. In recent studies, melatonin was shown to have antioxidant activity and, possibly, to affect the development of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In addition, melatonin has neuroprotective effects and affects neuroplasticity, thus indicating potential antidepressant properties. In the present review, the new functions of melatonin are summarized and a therapeutic target for the development of new drugs based on the mechanism of action of melatonin is proposed.
Single-Cell Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells: Why Heterogeneity Matters
Authors: Lim Su Bin , Lim Chwee Teck , Lim Wan-Teck
Published: October 2019

Unlike bulk-cell analysis, single-cell approaches have the advantage of assessing cellular heterogeneity that governs key aspects of tumor biology. Yet, their applications to circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are relatively limited, due mainly to the technical challenges resulting from extreme rarity of CTCs. Nevertheless, recent advances in microfluidics and immunoaffinity enrichment technologies along with sequencing platforms have fueled studies aiming to enrich, isolate, and sequence whole genomes of CTCs with high fidelity across various malignancies. Here, we review recent single-cell CTC (scCTC) sequencing efforts, and the integrated workflows, that have successfully characterized patient-derived CTCs. We examine how these studies uncover DNA alterations occurring at multiple molecular levels ranging from point mutations to chromosomal rearrangements from a single CTC, and discuss their cellular heterogeneity and clinical consequences. Finally, we highlight emerging strategies to address key challenges currently limiting the translation of these findings to clinical practice.