bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Air drying of macauba fruits: maintaining oil quality for biodiesel production
Authors: Silva Gutierres Nelson , Grossi José Antônio Saraiva , Carvalho Marcela Silva , Kuki Kacilda Naomi , Goulart Samuel de Melo , Pimentel Leonardo Duarte
Published: October 2019

Macauba fruits are oil-rich drupes with high moisture content at harvest. This feature can affect the chemical properties of the oil and increase the costs of biodiesel production. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt postharvest strategies to ensure oil quality. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of drying macauba fruit on the quality of the pulp oil. Husked and dehusked fruits were dried at 60°C and then stored. At 0, 15, 45, 100, and 180 days after storage, fruit samples were retrieved, and the oil from the pulp was evaluated for physicochemical parameters. The removal of the husk from the fruits considerably reduced the drying time compared to that of the husked fruits. Drying prevented deterioration of the fruit even after 180 days of storage, regardless of the presence of the husk. The drying process allowed for efficient storage of the macauba fruit while maintaining low levels of oil acidity. Furthermore, the oxidative stability of the pulp oil from the dehusked dried fruits lasted longer than that from the husked dried fruits. Therefore, drying is a viable alternative for the postharvest of macauba fruits to maintain the quality of the oil for biodiesel production.
Effect of Preparation Conditions on Heavy Metal Adsorption Characteristics of Activated Carbon Prepared from Non-Fibrous Material of Pineapple Leaves
Authors: Khumnuan Chutima , Moungon Amornrat , Mougin Karine , Amornsakchai Pornsawan
Published: October 2019

Activated carbon can be prepared from any kind of hydrocarbon-based material, and that from agricultural wastes is attractive for many reasons. The use of natural fiber in various industries gives rise to some associated waste streams. In this work, activated carbon, produced from the non-fibrous material waste from pineapple leaf fiber production, was studied for its heavy metal adsorption behavior. The material was carbonized at different temperatures and chemical activation was carried out using phosphoric acid. Pore size and pore volume of the adsorbent were determined using the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) method, and surface morphology by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometry (FT-IR) was used to identify the functional groups in the material. It was found that the surface area, pore volume and morphology of the surface depended on the carbonization temperature. The best adsorbent was obtained using a carbonization temperature of 500 °C and an activation temperature of 600 °C. Adsorptions of several heavy metals were studied over the concentration range of 4 - 800 mg L−1 and pH 2-10. The optimum amount of the adsorbent was found to be 1.20 g per 100 ml of solution, removing up to 92.67% of lead ions. The adsorption behaviour was closer to the Freundlich isotherm than to the Langmuir isotherm. So this waste could be a useful bio-source for activated carbon production.
Effect of Crystallinity on Near Infrared Reflectance of Indium TiN Oxide Nanorice-Particles
Authors: Hongsakul Thunchanok , Yodyingyong Supan , Nidup Tshering , Triampo Darapond
Published: October 2019

Tin-doped indium oxide or indium tin oxide (ITO) has many promising uses in applications, such as, transparent conductive oxides, flat panel displays, and energy-saving windows. In this work, nanorice particles of tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) were obtained by a simple sol-gel method. Indium salts and stannous fluoride precursors were mixed ultrasonically in an aqueous medium. The crystallinity and chemical bonds were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). FTIR spectra before calcination showed the characteristic bonds of In–OH and Sn–OH at 1160 cm-1 and 1380 cm-1, respectively. After calcination at 400°C for 2 h, these characteristic bonds disappeared, confirming the formation of crystalline oxide. Moreover, scanning electron micrographs revealed well-defined structure, called nanorice, emerging from controlled crystal growth at 85°C for 90 min. The particle size of ITO was approximately 500 nm in length and diameter of 150 nm. The effect of crystallinity was studied by UV absorbance and NIR reflectance. These demonstrated promising results for use as energy-saving windows.
Transformation of Waste Marigold Flowers into Porous Carbons via Hydrothermal Carbonization
Authors: Chaiammart Nattapat , Wongcharoen Sittan , Eiad-Ua Apiluck , Ishizaki Takahiro , Panomsuwan Gasidit
Published: October 2019

Vast quantities of marigold flowers are often discarded as waste at sacred places and temples after religious ceremonies in Thailand. This has motivated us to examine the utilization of waste marigold flowers as a precursor for the synthesis of porous carbons by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and pyrolysis. Waste marigold flowers were hydrothermally treated at 180 °C for 2, 12, and 24 h. The resultant hydrochars were subsequently pyrolyzed at 800 °C under argon (Ar) atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy analyses, the samples exhibited an amorphous phase regardless of HTC time. With increasing HTC time, the marigold surface became rougher and more ruptured. This resulted in the development of a porous structure, thereby increasing surface area. The specific surface area of carbon samples increased from 118 to 281 m2/g with HTC increasing from 2 to 24 h, respectively. Increase of specific surface area mainly resulted from the development of a microporous structure at longer HTC times. Our results offer guidelines to control surface area and porosity through the adjustment of HTC conditions.
Antifouling Property and Morphology of Polyethersulfone Membranes Blended with Bio-Based Amphiphilic Polymer Additives
Authors: Phuphuak Yupin , Loythaworn Thidarat
Published: October 2019

In this work, polyethersulfone (PES) was blended with bio-based polymers, PLA (hydrophobic polymer) and PEG (hydrophilic polymer), in order to improve the antifouling properties of PES membranes. This was done by way of non-solvent induced phase separation. Membrane properties such as morphology, hydrophilicity/hydrophobicity, adsorption fouling and mechanical properties were characterized. All blended membranes displayed higher hydrophilicity than that of pristine PES. This was confirmed by lower water contact angle and higher water adsorption. It was found that membranes with 5 wt% PLA/PEG gave a water contact angle of 65.1° and water adsorption for 4.94. These were the best values obtained. These modifications yielded low protein adsorption leading to reduce membrane fouling. Adding a greater amount of PLA/PEG reduced the membrane pore size, enhanced hydrophilicity and improved the antifouling capability
Development of a Cold-Pressing Process for the Production of Brake Pads with Uniform Density
Authors: Sukultanasorn Jittrathep , Sriwiboon Meechai , Saechin Nattawut , Bovornratanaraks Thiti
Published: October 2019

This study aims to reduce brake pad thickness and density variations by pressure equalization in the preforming process. Brake pads consist of fillers, lubricants, abrasives, reinforcing fibers, and binders. These are compacted together as raw materials. Each component is responsible for a different specific property to help the brake pad reduce the speed of the vehicle. The forming of a brake pad begins with compression of friction powder in a rigid mold with a complicated contour. It is then compacted by vertically pressing punches to form a body of complicated shape and homogeneous density. The strength of the brake pad, which is a main property in the compacted material, primarily depends on the type of fiber reinforcing material. Since the ability of fiber to flow is poor due to its high internal friction and its random arrangement. These two characteristics cause non uniformity in density and elastic modulus. Pressure equalization is an adjustment of the filling depth of the powder which otherwise would have an uneven fill inf the cavity of the mold. The pressure equalization of the filled powder is shown to correlate with the brake pad dimensional accuracy and uniformity of density.
Flexural Strength and Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Rice Husk Ash Silica Filled Acrylic Resin Denture Base Material
Authors: Wongwitthayakool Panjaporn , Sintunon Tanittha , Tanagetanasombat Wichaya , Soonthornchai Pongkarn , Abbas Ahmed A.
Published: October 2019

Silica extracted from rice husk ash (RHA-Si) by pretreatment with hydrochloric acid followed by calcination at 700°C, was prepared. It was investigated with regard to its chemical composition and structure using X-Ray Fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) and X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD). RHA-Si (0, 0.25, 0.5 and 1% w/w) was incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or acrylic resin powder. Microhardness, flexural strength and dynamic mechanical properties of RHA-Si filled PMMA were then determined. The chemical composition analysis showed that RHA-Si contains a large amount of silica with an amorphous structure. The microhardness of acrylic resin filled with RHA-Si does not change significantly with increasing RHA-Si loading. Flexural strength of filled acrylic resin increases with increasing RHA-Si loadings up to 0.25% w/w. It then decreases with increasing RHA-Si loadings. Dynamic mechanical behavior illustrates that polymer-filler interactions play an important role in reinforcement.
The Effects of Front-Mounted Accessories on Air Bag Sensors and Crashworthiness
Authors:   Motor Vehicle Council
Published: October 2019

Almost all light trucks now are being manufactured with at least a driver side air bag and all will have dual air bags by 1998. The driving forces behind this feature are occupant safety, federal regulations, and competition in the industry. Along with the booming popularity of pickups and SUVs, they are commonly accessorized with a wide variety of products. Many accessories for four-wheel drives in particular are mounted on the front of the vehicle. These products include grille/brush guards, winches, snow plows, replacement bumpers, bicycle carriers, etc. Concerns have arisen over the compatibility of these accessories with the vehicle’s air bag system.

The vehicle manufacturers are concerned because of their huge investment in design and crash test verification of the complete vehicle system and keen awareness of the federal regulations. The crushability of the front bumper and supporting structure are key elements in the system, so alterations to that area become logical concerns.

The accessory manufacturers, dealers, and installers are concerned because the very core of their business could be at risk. The unknowns can range from fear of setting off an airbag while working on the vehicle to liability issues in an injury accident situation. In some cases, the installation of the product is contrary to recommendations from the vehicle manufacturer and may void the warranty.

The ultimate customers (end users) are in a unique situation and are not being well served in some situations. Their dilemma stems from the conflict between what a manufacturer is willing to certify for sale and what the customer needs and expectations are. Their needs in vehicle equipment can vary widely from making a living to recreational lifestyle issues to simplify the desire to individualize. The precedent for front-mounted accessories is well established. The customers for both the vehicle and the equipment are there, so finding ways for them to coexist safely is beneficial to all.
Bridge workers in uitzendwerk: Wat kunnen HRM en sociale steun betekenen voor uitzendkrachten van 65-plus?
Authors: Veth Klaske , Korzilius Hubert , van der Heijden Beatrice , de Lange Annet
Published: October 2019

Dit artikel beschrijft een longitudinale studie naar de relaties tussen de bevlogenheid, inzetbaarheid en ervaren gezondheid van uitzendkrachten van 65 jaar en ouder (de zogenaamde bridge workers in uitzendwerk), aanwezigheid en gebruik van behoud- en ontwikkelingsgericht HRM en ervaren
steun van leidinggevenden en collega's bij inlenende organisaties. Er blijkt géén relatie tussen aanwezigheid en gebruik van HR maatregelen, steun van leidinggevende en collega's en bevlogenheid, inzetbaarheid en ervaren gezondheid. Daarop is één uitzondering. De
ervaren aanwezigheid van HR maatregelen gericht op behoud van inzetbaarheid heeft een significant positieve invloed op de ervaren sociale steun een jaar later, en uiteindelijk ook op de bevlogenheid, inzetbaarheid en ervaren gezondheid van bridge workers in uitzendwerk. Blijkbaar werkt voor
de 65+ uitzendkrachten alleen het idee van de aanwezigheid van bijvoorbeeld ergonomische aanpassingen bij de inlenende organisatie positief door. Hoewel de invloed van HRM minimaal blijkt, zijn de effecten van sociale steun van leidinggevende en collega's op bevlogenheid, inzetbaarheid en
ervaren gezondheid erg sterk. Voor bridge workers in uitzendwerk lijkt het dus belangrijk om een goede relatie met de manager en collega's te hebben die wordt gekenmerkt door wederzijds respect, vertrouwen en loyaliteit.
Quantifying organic matter and functional groups in particulate matter filter samples from the southeastern United States – Part 1: Methods
Authors: Boris Alexandra J. , Takahama Satoshi , Weakley Andrew T. , Debus Bruno M. , Fredrickson Carley D. , Esparza-Sanchez Martin , Burki Charlotte , Reggente Matteo , Shaw Stephanie L. , Edgerton Eric S. , Dillner Ann M.
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Comprehensive techniques to describe the organic
composition of atmospheric aerosol are needed to elucidate pollution
sources, gain insights into atmospheric chemistry, and evaluate changes in
air quality. Fourier transform infrared absorption (FT-IR) spectrometry can
be used to characterize atmospheric organic matter (OM) and its composition
via functional groups of aerosol filter samples in air monitoring networks
and research campaigns. We have built FT-IR spectrometry functional group
calibration models that improve upon previous work, as demonstrated by the
comparison of current model results with those of previous models and other
OM analysis methods. Laboratory standards that simulated the breadth of the
absorbing functional groups in atmospheric OM were made: particles of
relevant chemicals were first generated, collected, and analyzed. Challenges
of collecting atmospherically relevant particles and spectra were addressed
by including interferences of particle water and other inorganic aerosol
constituents and exploring the spectral effects of intermolecular
interactions. Calibration models of functional groups were then constructed
using partial least-squares (PLS) regression and the collected laboratory
standard data. These models were used to quantify concentrations of five
organic functional groups and OM in 8 years of ambient aerosol samples
from the southeastern aerosol research and characterization (SEARCH)
network. The results agreed with values estimated using other methods,
including thermal optical reflectance (TOR) organic carbon (OC;
R2=0.74) and OM calculated as a difference between total aerosol mass
and inorganic species concentrations (R2=0.82). Comparisons with
previous calibration models of the same type demonstrate that this new, more
complete suite of chemicals has improved our ability to estimate oxygenated
functional group and overall OM concentrations. Calculated characteristic
and elemental ratios including OM∕OC, O∕C, and H∕C agree with those from
previous work in the southeastern US, substantiating the aerosol composition
described by FT-IR calibration. The median OM∕OC ratio over all sites and
years was 2.1±0.2. Further results discussing temporal and spatial
trends of functional group composition within the SEARCH network will be
published in a forthcoming article.
Seasonal statistical-dynamical prediction of the North Atlantic Oscillation by probabilistic post-processing
Authors: Düsterhus André
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Dynamical models of various centres have shown in recent years seasonal prediction skill of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO). By filtering the ensemble members on the basis of statistical predictors, known as subsampling, it is possible to achieve even higher prediction skill. In this study the aim is to design a generalisation of the subsampling approach and establish it as a post-processing procedure. Instead of selecting discrete ensemble members for each year, as the subsampling approach does, the distributions of ensembles and statistical predictors are combined to create a probabilistic prediction of the winter NAO. By comparing the combined statistical-dynamical prediction with the predictions of its single components, it can be shown that it achieves similar results to the statistical prediction. At the same time it can be shown, that unlike the statistical prediction the combined prediction has less years where it performs worse than the dynamical prediction. By applying the gained distributions to other meteorological variables, like geopotential height, precipitation and surface temperature it can be shown that evaluating prediction skill depends highly on the chosen metric. Besides the common anomaly correlation (ACC) this study also presents a score basing on the Earth Mover’s Distance (EMD), which is designed to evaluate skill of probabilistic predictions. It shows that by evaluating the predictions separately compared to applying a metric on all years at the same time, like correlation based metrics, leads to different interpretations of the analysis.
Ice shelf basal melt rates from a high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) record for Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica
Authors: Shean David E. , Joughin Ian R. , Dutrieux Pierre , Smith Benjamin E. , Berthier Etienne
Published: October 2019

Abstract. Ocean-induced basal melting is responsible for much of
the Amundsen Sea Embayment ice loss in recent decades, but the total
magnitude and spatiotemporal evolution of this melt is poorly constrained.
To address this problem, we generated a record of high-resolution digital
elevation models (DEMs) for Pine Island Glacier (PIG) using commercial
sub-meter satellite stereo imagery and integrated additional 2002–2015
DEM and altimetry data. We implemented a Lagrangian elevation change (Dh∕Dt)
framework to estimate ice shelf basal melt rates at 32–256 m resolution. We
describe this methodology and consider basal melt rates and elevation change
over the PIG ice shelf and lower catchment from 2008 to 2015. We document
the evolution of Eulerian elevation change (dh∕dt) and upstream propagation of
thinning signals following the end of rapid grounding line retreat around
2010. Mean full-shelf basal melt rates for the 2008–2015 period were
∼82–93 Gt yr−1, with ∼200–250 m yr−1 basal melt
rates within large channels near the grounding line, ∼10–30 m yr−1 over the main shelf, and ∼0–10 m yr−1 over the North shelf and
South shelf, with the notable exception of a small area with rates of
∼50–100 m yr−1 near the grounding line of a fast-flowing
tributary on the South shelf. The observed basal melt rates show excellent
agreement with, and provide context for, in situ basal melt-rate observations. We
also document the relative melt rates for kilometer-scale basal channels and keels
at different locations on the ice shelf and consider implications for ocean
circulation and heat content. These methods and results offer new indirect
observations of ice–ocean interaction and constraints on the processes
driving sub-shelf melting beneath vulnerable ice shelves in West Antarctica.
Front Matter and TOC
Authors: Nara Hiroshi
Published: October 2019

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Bodies in Pain, Pleasure, and Flux: Transgressive Femininity in Japanese Media and Literature
Authors: Tarcov Marianne , Ben-Youssef Fareed
Published: October 2019

Across a diverse set of texts from Japanese media and literature, including professional wrestling, avant-garde writing, and Zainichi Korean literature, this special section explores the fluid relationship between femininity and the body, where one is neither defined nor determined by the other. At the crossroads of Asian studies, gender studies, media, and literature, this collection offers an interdisciplinary and transnational lens to consider this relationship in a Japanese context. To borrow from Lee's deployment of Gloria Anzaldúa's “Border Women,” transgression provides these papers with a theoretical framework of inherent ambiguity that lingers between worlds—between the sanctioned and the unsanctioned, between performer and persona, between the reader and text. The papers presented here all treat femininity, not as an essentialized category of gendered experience, but as a liminal border zone in which conventional notions of gender, sexuality, and media become fluid and ambiguous. Whether it is the border between perfume advertising and avant-garde poetry, literary criticism and butoh dance, autobiographical writing and oral forms of nonverbal performance, or professional wrestling and documentary film, the papers featured here all transgress disciplinary borders of media and genre while interrogating and disrupting conventional notions of femininity.
The Transgressive Figure of the Dancing-Girl-in-Pain and Kanai Mieko’s Corporeal Text
Authors: Osborne Hannah
Published: October 2019

In ‘The Transgressive Figure of the Dancing-Girl-in-Pain and Kanai Mieko’s Corporeal Text’, Hannah Osborne analyzes the figure of the dancing-girl-in-pain in Kanai Mieko’s 1968 essay, ‘Nikutairon e jostesu dai’ippo’ (‘Towards a Theory of Corporeality’).  She advances that, through its discussion of this transgressive figure’s manifestation in both the folk stories of Hans Christian Andersen and the butō of Hijikata Tatsumi, Kanai’s essay articulates a radical understanding of both body and text whereby the body (and its consciousness) serves as a template for text, and the two are seen to intersect with each other across performance spaces.  As such the figure holds profound implications for a re-understanding of literature as a shared event akin to performance, and of the act of reading as an active re-writing (rather than a passive reception) of the text’s meaning.   For Osborne, the uniquely corporeal theory of Kanai Mieko encourages readers to actively engage with interpretive boundaries.  This is later made explicit in Kanai's 1984 essay, "Text/Reality/The Body," which echoes Barthes notion of the writerly text in advancing that "[t]ext itself has a body, and it is particularly text that relentlessly attempts to exceed its own body that is very corporeal in nature." Finally, looking at some of the strategies that Kanai herself deploys in her fiction, notably "Rotting Meat," we see how such a theory might explain how gendered systems which underpin the generation of meaning itself through literature might be overturned.
Supervisión en arteterapia: un espacio de confluencia entre el ver y el hacer
Authors: Montero-Ríos María , De Vareilles Christophe , Hernández Merino Ana
Published: October 2019

Las demandas en supervisión se dirigen a completar dudas y lagunas de tipo teórico, otras son metodológicas y prácticas, qué hacer y cómo se hace. Otras son en relación a la necesidad vincular, de reasegurarse e ir interiorizando modelos de referencia, no sólo conceptuales, sino también del hacer propio en arteterapia. Desde la posición de supervisores, escuchamos, devolvemos, señalamos, acogemos las emociones y la fragilidad de quien se expone, y en ello se refleja nuestra manera de hacer y estar en la sesión y en ese sentido es una referencia del arte de la terapia. En este artículo nos hacemos preguntas sobre qué es supervisión, que aprendemos a ver en supervisión, qué se pone en juego, dónde pone el foco el supervisor/a, qué actitud tiene, o qué transmite.
The Tissue Flow in Brachiaria brizantha Pasture Under Intermittent Stocking
Authors: Oliveira Caio Vinicio Vargas de , Barbosa Rodrigo Amorim , Oliveira Raísa Turcato de , Almeida Emizael Menezes de , Paludo Francielly , Lima Jéssica Souza , Fernandes Patrick Bezerra
Published: October 2019

The present work aims to evaluate the morphological and structural characteristics of Brachiaria brizantha cultivars in the system of grazing in the intermittent stocking. The experiment was conducted at EMBRAPA - Beef Cattle. The experimental delineation used was a randomized block with three treatments and three repetitions. The treatments were constituted by grasses of the same species (Brachiaria brizantha) composed by cv. Xaraés, BRS Paiaguás, and the ecotype B4. On the heights of post-grazing, it was observed an interaction between seasons of the year and cultivars. It was observed that the leaf appearance rate (LAR) was higher in the cv. BRS Paiaguás, in relation to the other pastures. The leaf elongation rate (LER) was higher in perforations of the ecotype B4. In the winter, it was registered the lowest values of leaf area index (LAI), LAR, and LER, and, as a consequence, impact in a higher leaf life duration. Although there were some structural variations between tropical climate pastures, it was possible to verify that the phenotypic plasticity of these pastures presented the same behavior, once it suffered a higher influence of abiotic factors. Therefore, all the pastures of B. brizantha converged to the same LAI indicating high phenotypic plasticity.
Prognostic value of VEGFR2 immunoexpression in glioblastoma
Authors: Issus Gemma , Mojal Sergi , Gibert Joan , Navarro Pilar , Arumi-Uria Montserrat , Naranjo-Hans Dolores , Bellosillo Beatriz , Martínez-Garcia Maria , Alameda Francesc
Published: October 2019

Glioblastoma is the most frequent and aggressive primary tumor of the central nervous system. Prognosis is poor, with a median survival of 15 months after diagnosis. Various tumor biomarkers show prognostic value for glioblastomas, including VEGFR2, which is a receptor of VEGF related to the growth of the blood vessel network. VEGFR2 expression associates with poor prognosis in some tumors. Here we studied the prognostic value of the VEGFR2 immunohistochemical expression in glioblastoma. We used tissue microarrays to analyze 45 surgically excised samples from glioblastomas. Clinical data (age, sex, and Karnofsky Performance Status [KPS]) and morphological data (tumor necrosis, palisading, and vascular thrombosis) were collected. We performed a molecular study of MGMT and IDH1 expression (which are potential prognostic factors for glioblastomas) and an immunohistochemical study of VEGFR2 expression. Our results indicate that age, KPS, tumor necrosis, vascular thrombosis, treatment (STUPP versus other), and VEGFR2 immunoreactivity were related to prognosis (p < .005). In a multivariate analysis, only age > 65 years (Hazard Ratio (HR) (95% CI): 4.9 (2.1–11.4), p < .01), and VEGFR2 immunoexpression (HR (95% CI): 2.8 (1.3–6.1), p = .008), were found to have a statistically significant relation to prognosis. We conclude that immunohistochemical evaluation of VEGFR2 provides added prognostic value to the study of glioblastoma.
Management of Rotator Cuff Injuries
Authors: Weber Stephen , Chahal Jaskarndip
Published: October 2019

Management of Rotator Cuff Injuries Clinical Practice Guidelineis based on a systematic review of current scientific and clinical research. The purpose of this clinical practice guideline is to guide the clinician's ability to diagnose and treat rotator cuff tears in adults by providing evidence-based recommendations for key decisions that affect the management of patients with rotator cuff injuries. This guideline contains 33 recommendations, including both diagnosis and treatment. In addition, the work group highlighted the need for better research in the diagnosis and treatment of rotator cuff injuries.
Aetiology of Oesophageal Cancer in Africa - A Review of Historical and Current Evidence
Authors: Sammon Alastair M , Ndebia Eugene J
Published: October 2019

There is no current agreement on the cause of squamous cancer of the oesophagus in Africa, a major cause of morbidity and mortality in East and Southern Africa. The remarkable history is reviewed together with all recent evidence using a literature search.

There are consistent and continuing associations with maize and with tobacco. Changes of type of maize, patterns of consumption and processing occurred around 1930, and a rapid rise of oesophageal cancer dated from that time.

Tobacco has a worldwide association with cancer of the oesophagus, but there is a substantial minority of non-users in high incidence areas. Other carcinogens have come under suspicion, but there is evidence against any of these acting as the principal carcinogenic influence in Africa. Recent studies in Japan and in South Africa have shown an association between non-acid gastro-oesophageal reflux and squamous cancer of the oesophagus.

There is no credible candidate for principal oesophageal carcinogen in Africa. There is good reason to look again at milled maize: its deficiencies, contaminations, and degenerative processes. Associations between diet, non-acid reflux and squamous cancer of the oesophagus merit further study.
Delimiting Deportation, Unlawful Transfer, Forcible Transfer and Forcible Displacement in International Criminal Law
Authors: Roberts Ken , Stewart James G.
Published: October 2019

Delimiting Deportation, Unlawful Transfer, Forcible Transfer and Forcible Displacement in International Criminal Law

The forced displacement of civilian populations is an issue of significant global concern and a subject of extensive legal debate. In international criminal law, forced displacement is criminalized by a complex network of distinct but overlapping offences. These include the Crimes Against Humanity of deportation, forcible transfer, persecution and other inhumane acts, and the grave breach of the Geneva Conventions of ‘unlawful deportation or transfer’. International courts and tribunals have been inconsistent in the adoption of these crimes in their statues and in their subsequent interpretation, making it all the more difficult to distinguish between them. The jurisprudential history of these crimes is lengthy and not without controversy, highlighted by inconsistent judicial approaches. In this article, we offer a critical jurisprudential history of these displacement crimes in international criminal law.

In particular, we focus on the case law emanating from the International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia, a court that comprehensively addressed crimes associated with ethnic cleansing, a characteristic feature of that conflict, with the result that displacement was a central focus of that court. We set out our jurisprudential history in chronological order, beginning with the earliest inceptions of displacement crimes at the ICTY and then tracing their development toward the establishment of a consensus. Our hope is that the article sheds light on the development of these offences, informs future debate, and acts as a useful template for those seeking to understand how these crimes may have a role to play in future international jurisprudence.
De Vlaamse inbreng in de VWR
Authors: Van Hoecke Mark
Published: October 2019

De Vlaamse inbreng in de VWR

Na een beperkte Vlaamse participatie tussen 1935 en 1970, kwam er een geleidelijke verankering van de VWR in Vlaanderen, met een grote bloei in de jaren tachtig en negentig, met jonge professoren die voltijds actief waren op het gebied van de rechtsfilosofie en/of de rechtstheorie. Na 2000 vermindert de inbreng van Vlaanderen echter in belangrijke mate. Er wordt nog vrij veel gepubliceerd in R&R/NJLP, maar nauwelijks nog door professionele rechtsfilosofen of rechtstheoretici. Institutioneel wordt de internationale (Engelstalige) dimensie van de VWR versterkt (redactieraad, sprekers), maar vermindert de Vlaamse aanwezigheid in redactie, redactieraad en bestuur. De Vlaamse aanwezigheden op VWR-vergaderingen zijn vaak eenmalig en steeds minder van professionele rechtsfilosofen of rechtstheoretici. De afbouw van de leerstoelen en zelfs van het onderwijs in deze domeinen in Vlaanderen is de belangrijkste verklaring hiervoor.
Family business succession in the Mazovia Region in Poland – needs and barriers
Authors: Walaszczyk Ludmiła
Published: October 2019

Every year many companies disappear from the market due to the fact that there is no possibility to find the successor, who could take over the business activity. The owners do not wish to transfer their business to the heirs, not even mentioning the external successors. Thanks to the indication of needs and barriers of the family business successions, it will be possible to develop tools and services, which will improve the succession process in family companies and will help to maintain family companies in the future. In the article, the author presents the latest state of knowledge about the needs of and barriers to the succession of family businesses in the Mazovia Region in Poland. The author focuses on the results of unstructured interviews with entrepreneurs from family companies and representatives of local authorities.
Analysis of changes in selected socio-demographic factors of family farms in Poland in 2010-2016
Authors: Stawicka Ewa , Dudek Michał
Published: October 2019

Agricultural holdings run by individual farmers, known as family farms, have long dominated the Polish agriculture. The purpose of the article was to characterize selected socio-demographic features of the agricultural population and the factor of transformations within family farms. In years 2010-2016, a decline in the number of family farms in Poland and individuals working there was observed, which was a continuation of the trend initiated in the period of economic transformation. The decrease in the number of family farms was accompanied by changes consisting of the improvement in the level of education, but also aging of those managing the farms, and the departure of family members from performing non-agricultural activities. On the one hand, these phenomena demonstrated the professionalization and specialization of some family farms, but they also demonstrated the increasing diversification of the economic activity of people in small entities that constitute the majority of the farms in Poland. The presented results were based on the CSO data and literature on the subject. The study used a comparative method and a statistical data analysis.
Interventionism in the era of globalization
Authors: Sobiecki Roman , Kowalczyk Stanisław
Published: October 2019

The authors analyze the need and possibilities of increased state involvement in the market mechanism,
i.e. the perspective of interventionism in the era of globalization. The beginning of interventionism
dates back to ancient times, and the last period of increased state participation in economic processes
started during the Great Depression, which ended in the 1970s. The need to restore state involvement
in the market was reiterated and written in connection with the first global economic crisis of the 21st
century. A crisis that exposed the weaknesses of neo-liberal concepts, their effectiveness in solving
problems in the field of economic development, eliminating crises and limiting market turbulences.
The authors distinguish such models of contemporary interventionism as: the globalization model, regional
(EU) and authoritarian model, as well as the Scandinavian (Nordic) and continental (German)
models. They also analyze the most desirable level of intervention (global versus state) and the tools of
contemporary intervention (fiscal policy, structural policy, investment policy).
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS DE GÊNERO NA EDUCAÇÃO: UMA ANÁLISE PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO
Authors: Ferraz Miriam Olivia Knopik , Addor Nicolas , Nascimento Neto José Osório
Published: October 2019

O presente estudo busca demonstrar que as políticas públicas de gênero na educação são juridicamente, socialmente e politicamente necessárias. A metodologia utilizada é a lógica-dedutiva, com o enfoque na bibliografia especializada para mapeamento e compreensão do tema. Para tanto, estuda-se como se estruturam as políticas públicas na educação e a sua relação com as minorias sociais. Posteriormente, adentra-se especificamente nas Políticas Públicas de Gênero na educação, demonstrando as iniciativas já existentes e as críticas às mesmas. Por fim, defende-se a inclusão do estudo de gênero na educação como caminho para uma sociedade justa e igualitária. Analisa-se, para isso, diversos planos nacionais de desenvolvimento social. Defende-se que é plenamente possível, aceitável e desejável a implementação de uma educação que vise a discussão do gênero enquanto identidade, violência e discriminação, visando principalmente a transversalidade de uma sociedade preocupada com as reais mazelas vivenciadas hoje: as questões de gênero, etnia, raça, classe e deficiências.
EMPRESA, DERECHOS HUMANOS Y SOCIEDAD DE LA INFORMACIÓN
Authors: Fuller Greice Patricia , Bátiz Lopez José Luiz
Published: October 2019

O trabalho apresenta como finalidade proceder à análise da interrelação entre empresa, direitos humanos e sociedade da informação em face do desenvolvimento do século XXI. O desenvolvimento do trabalho subsume os direitos humanos aos objetivos das empresas sob a ótica do jusnaturalismo de John Locke, plasmando a relação indissociável entre empresa e democracia e o papel da sociedade da informação em face do mercado econômico que pode servir como instrumento de possível vulneração aos mesmos. Nesse sentido, verifica-se que desde o Direito Internacional consideram-se os acordos comerciais e institucionais como facilitadores às relações comerciais, bem como protetivos a direitos humanos. Conclui-se que os temas se relacionam com propostas para a melhoria das condições sociais preconizadas constitucionalmente e o desenvolvimento econômico de um país. O presente trabalho utiliza o emprego de metodologia consistente na técnica analítica, na qual são avaliados os aspectos de índole sistemático-constitucional das normas jurídicas, agregada ao enfoque dialético e multidisciplinar.
LIBERTAD DE EXPRESIÓN COMO PRESUPUESTO PARA LA DIVERSIDAD DE LAS EXPRESIONES CULTURALES
Authors: Rodriguez Lozano Luis Gerardo
Published: October 2019

O direito de participar e se beneficiar da cultura é um direito humano, seu escopo é definido na arena internacional através do Pacto Internacional de Direitos Econômicos, Sociais e Culturais, que no artigo 15 estabelece vários direitos culturais, tais como: o direito de participar vida cultural; usufruir dos benefícios do progresso científico e de suas aplicações; direito dos autores de se beneficiarem da proteção dos interesses morais e materiais correspondentes a produções científicas, literárias ou artísticas; liberdade na pesquisa científica e atividades criativas. Por esse motivo, a Convenção sobre a proteção e promoção da diversidade de expressões culturais de 20 de outubro de 2005 é importante entre os instrumentos internacionais que promovem e protegem os direitos culturais. Não existem direitos humanos sem liberdade de expressão para proteger essa liberdade. É essencial garantir a diversidade de expressões culturais.
Saberes e experiências de clientes sobre o exame de tomografia computadorizada compartilhados com enfermeiro
Authors: Oliveira Michele Cristine de Melo , Alvim Neide Titonelli , Teixeira Maria Luiza Oliveira
Published: October 2019

Introducción: la tomografía computarizada es un examen de diagnóstico de varias enfermedades, algo diferencial en la atención de clientes con distintos perfiles. La cantidad de exámenes y el escaso intervalo de interacción entre enfermeros y clientes son factores que contribuyen a que no se consideren todas las pautas. Objetivos: acceder a los conocimientos y experiencias de los clientes sobre el examen de tomografía computarizada; discutir las demandas de conocimiento y cuidados necesarios para su realización; y presentar una propuesta de material educativo elaborado a partir de estas demandas. La práctica dialógica de Freire fue el eje teórico del estudio. Método: investigación convergente - asistencial realizada en un hospital federal de Río deJaneiro con 23 clientes adultos. Aprobada por el Comité de Ética de la Unidad Académica y del hospital, CAAE: 44091015.9.0000.5238 y 44091015.9.3001.5257, respectivamente. Se realizó una entrevista semiestructurada seguida de una discusión con cada participante; los datos se analizaron según su contenido. Resultados: las principales demandas de conocimiento presentadas por los clientes fueron sobre el contraste, propósito del examen, duración y periodicidad, dolor, aparato cerrado o abierto, radiación, efectos acumulativos en el cuerpo, retirada de sustancias para el examen, ayuno y restricción de agua. Este momento permitió discutir la atención necesaria en la convergencia entre investigación y atención. A partir de estas demandas se propuso el material educativo como tecnología de enfermería, el tipo de folleto ilustrado, discutido y aprobado por los participantes. Conclusión: el proceso educativo introdujo la innovación en la atención a través de la práctica dialógica y permitió la proposición de estrategias y tecnologías educativas destinadas a realizar el examen de tomografía.
Satisfação dos portadores de hiv/aids com o serviço de assistência especializada
Authors: Guilherme Janaína Alves , Yamaguchi Mirian Ueda , Massuda Ely Mitie
Published: October 2019

La evaluación de satisfacción de los usuarios con el servicio de salud es importante para mejorar la atención y el desempeño de los equipos de salud así como para corroborar la dirección de las políticas públicas. Objetivo: evaluar la satisfacción de las personas con VIH/SIDA con el Servicio de Atención Especializada (SAE) de Maringá- PR que cubre 30 municipios del noroeste de Paraná. Método: estudio transversal analítico de enfoque cualtitativo. Los datos sociodemográficos se obtuvieron por medio de entrevistas con 301 personas con VIH/SIDA y se utilizó el instrumento EUROP para evaluar la satisfacción con el SAE. Resultados: 57,81% eran varones, 63, 46% tenían alrededor de 45 años, 75,08% eran heterosexuales y 40,53% estaban casados. Las preguntas relacionadas con los profesionales de salud: comunicación, atención médica, información técnica y apoyo emocional, obtuvieron alto grado de satisfacción, con puntajes bueno y muy bueno. Por otro lado, los usuarios señalaron como puntos negativos cuestiones reacionadas con la organización de los servicios: información por teléfono, contacto telefónico y tiempo de espera para acudir a las citas. Conclusión: en general, los usuarios están satisfechos con los servicios de los profesionales del SAE. Se espera que los indicadores negativos de satisfacción señalados por los usuarios ayuden en la elaboración de estrategias organizacionales innovadoras para mejorar los servicios de atención especializada.
Institutionalisation of Lithuanian Studies, 1939–1955: Features of Cultural Discourse
Authors: Juzefovičius Romualdas
Published: October 2019

The concept of “Lithuanian studies” used in this article covers the research on the Lithuanian language, literature, folklore, Lithuanian history, and cultural heritage. The aim is to evaluate the role of scholars in the process of establishing institutes of Lithuanian studies, starting from the Antanas Smetona Institute of Lithuanian Studies in Kaunas in 1939 until the final stage of the formation of the organisational structure and activity focus of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences in the mid1950s. The paper presents the analysis of the positions of scientists of independent Lithuania in the organisation of Lithuanian studies and the background of the establishment of the first state research institution in pre-war Kaunas. It evaluates the cultural role of scholars in preserving the continuity of Lithuanian studies in the Soviet period. Despite strict ideologisation and regulation of activities, the institutes of the Lithuanian Language, Literature, and History established by the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences during the Soviet period endeavoured to plan and consolidate research in Lithuanian studies, publishing pertinent to Lithuanian culture, and to mobilise qualified staff. Although there were a number of examples of ideological and political collaboration under the conditions of the Soviet regime, researchers of the institutes of Lithuanian studies attempted to further conduct their work, prepared texts for publication, and were engaged in organising museum exhibitions, displays and collected cultural and historical artefacts ​​dispersed during the war. All this work was carried out primarily by passionate upholders of Lithuanian studies and Lithuanian culture who aimed for cohesion of scholarship and the culture of memory and for a broader dissemination of cultural heritage.
Personal Names in Baptismal Records of Seredžius of the Early Nineteenth Century (1802–1803)
Authors: Stepukonienė Inga , Mickienė Ilona
Published: October 2019

The records in the baptism registry books of 1802–1803 of Seredžius church were selected for this study. The study is focused on the personal names (names of children, names and surnames of men and women) found in 1802–1803 in baptism registry books of Seredžius church. This work aims to discuss baptismal records of Seredžius church: the names of children to be baptized, and the names and surnames of women and men. Analysis of the data collected from the early nineteenth-century baptismal records in the church of Seredžius from 1802 to 1803 showed that personal names of the adults consisted of two components (name and surname). The one-component designation (name) was used only for the baptised children. Mothers, fathers, godmothers, and godfathers had two-component personal names. The names of boys, fathers, and godfathers found in the source were of Latin, Slavic, Germanic, Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic, and Iranian origin. The names of girls, mothers, and godmothers were of Hebrew, Latin, Greek, Germanic, and Italian origin. Of 103 female surnames found in the source, 15 adult female surnames had the Slavic suffix -owa; 14 surnames had the suffix -owska. Forty-five female surnames had the suffixes -owna, -ewna. There were 19 female surnames with Lithuanian suffixes -aitė, -itė, -ytė (-aycie, -ayte, -ayticie, -ycie, -icie, -uitie). Also, ten surnames of women were found that did not have exclusive suffixes, so they did not fall into any of the categories mentioned and discussed above. Of 109 masculine surnames, 31 had Slavic patronymic suffixes -owicz, -ewicz, 23 had the -sk type suffixes of Slavic origin, and twelve comprised Lithuanian suffixes -aitis, -iūnas, -ulis, -elis. Thirty-three surnames did not have specific suffixes that would allow them to be assigned to any of the above categories; ten Lithuanian surnames without suffixes were also found.