bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Association between baseline IL‐6 and 1‐year recovery in lumbar radicular pain
Authors: Schistad E.I. , Espeland A. , Pedersen L.M. , Sandvik L. , Gjerstad J. , Røe C.
Published: April 2014

Background

In the present study, the influence of cytokines on 1‐year recovery in lumbar radicular pain was examined.

Methods

In total, 110 patients with symptomatic lumbar disc herniation were followed for 1 year. Uni‐ and multivariate linear regression was used to assess the influence of interleukin (IL)‐6, IL‐8, disc degeneration and endplate changes (Modic changes) on the changes in the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI change; primary outcome) and visual analogue scale (VAS) for low back pain (LBP) and leg pain (secondary outcomes).

Results

Less favourable ODI outcome correlated with higher serum IL‐6 levels (B = −3.41, 95% CI −5.52 to −1.30, p = 0.002), non‐surgical treatment (B = −7.03, 95% CI 1.21 to 12.84, p = 0.018), higher baseline back pain intensity (B = −2.28, 95% CI −3.21 to −1.35, p < 0.001) and low educational level (B = −5.57, 95% CI 0.66 to 10.47, p = 0.027). High VAS for LBP and leg pain at 1 year was associated with high levels of serum IL‐6, higher back pain intensity and longer duration of lumbar radicular pain at baseline.

Conclusions

High serum IL‐6 levels, but not disc degeneration or Modic changes, were associated with less favourable recovery in patients with lumbar radicular pain. Intense initial back pain, non‐surgical treatment, lower educational level and longer duration of radicular pain before treatment also correlated with a slower recovery the first year after disc herniation.
Spirituality and the Successful Aging of Older Latinos
Authors: Hilton Jeanne M. , Child Stephen L.
Published: April 2014

Using face‐to‐face interviews and a self‐report questionnaire, the authors investigated the contributions of spirituality and religiosity to the well‐being and levels of depression of 60 Latino adults ages 50 to 84 after controlling for age, health, education, and economic strain. Religiosity and spirituality predicted well‐being; however, increases in well‐being were associated with lower levels of externalizing religiosity and higher levels of spirituality. Economic strain overshadowed all other variables in predicting depression. Thus, 2 factors predicted the psychological health of Latino elders: Economic strain predicted depression, and spiritual health predicted well‐being. Several suggestions for implementing the findings are presented.
Entering the Sacred: Using Motivational Interviewing to Address Spirituality in Counseling
Authors: Giordano Amanda L. , Cashwell Craig S.
Published: April 2014

Despite the salience of spirituality in the lives of many clients, counselors are often hesitant to explore spiritual issues in counseling, largely out of a valid concern of imposing values on the client. Motivational interviewing provides a framework within which a counselor can both assess spirituality and facilitate client exploration of spiritual issues without fear of imposing values.
Critical Race Theory as a Decisional Framework for the Ethical Counseling of African American Clients
Authors: Trahan Don P. , Lemberger Matthew E.
Published: April 2014

The authors introduce critical race theory as a decisional framework for ethical counseling, with a focus on racial disparities when working particularly with African American clients. The authors provide a fictional case example that explains how this framework can be implemented when conducting cross‐cultural counseling with African American clients. Implications for counselors are provided.
The Bottoming‐Out Experience and the Turning Point: A Phenomenology of the Cognitive Shift From Drinker to Nondrinker
Authors: DePue M. Kristina , Finch Andrew J. , Nation Maury
Published: April 2014

The bottoming‐out experience (BOE) is commonly considered the catalyst to sobriety. A phenomenological study was conducted to gain an understanding about this occurrence for alcoholics. Results indicated two distinct experiences: the BOE and the turning point.
Landscape of Diversity in Higher Education: Linking Demographic Shifts to Contemporary University and College Counseling Center Practices
Authors: Clauss‐Ehlers Caroline S. , Parham William D.
Published: April 2014

American institutions of higher education are increasingly called upon to respond to demographic changes. Current and future shifts in the environmental, academic, social, and emotional climate of campuses are likely to spawn both concerns and opportunities for academic and student services personnel and students. There are inherent challenges facing campus stakeholders seeking to navigate an ever‐evolving higher education landscape, which require campus mental health professionals to understand person‐in‐environment variables as best practices relative to service delivery are continually refined.

Cada vez se pide más a las instituciones americanas de educación superior que respondan a los cambios demográficos. Las fluctuaciones actuales y futuras en el clima ambiental, académico, social, y emocional de los campus generan con frecuencia tanto preocupaciones como oportunidades para estudiantes y personal académico y de servicios al alumnado. Hay desafíos inherentes que afrontan los grupos de interés del campus que buscan la forma de navegar el paradigma en constante evolución de la educación superior, lo cual requiere que los profesionales en salud mental del campus entiendan las variables del individuo‐en‐su‐medio mientras las prácticas adecuadas relativas a la prestación de servicios se refinan constantemente.
Using the Film October Sky to Teach Career Counseling Theories to Counselors‐in‐Training
Authors: SCHOLL MARK B. , GIBSON DONNA M. , DESPRES JOSEPH , BOYARINOVA NATALIE
Published: April 2014

The authors investigated whether the film October Sky could be used as an effective tool for teaching career theories in a master's‐level course (N = 20). They were also interested in whether the film would promote engagement with the content. Consistent with the phenomenological research tradition (Moustakis, ), the authors examined students’ subjective beliefs, feelings, and views of career theories in an atheoretical manner. Results indicate that the film promoted learning and engagement.
Retrospective Peak‐Experiences Among Chinese Young Adults in Hong Kong
Authors: HOFFMAN EDWARD , HO MAN YEE , CHEN SYLVIA XIAOHUA , ORTIZ FERNANDO A.
Published: April 2014

An investigation of early peak‐experiences among 116 Hong Kong college students, all born in Hong Kong or mainland China, generated 161 retrospective reports. The most frequent peak‐experiences involved interpersonal joy, followed by those of external achievement and materialism. Implications of the findings for fostering Chinese youth development from a strength‐based perspective are discussed.
Niche Inheritance: A Cooperative Pathway to Enhance Cancer Cell Fitness Through Ecosystem Engineering
Authors: Yang Kimberline R , Mooney Steven M. , Zarif Jelani C. , Coffey Donald S. , Taichman Russell S. , Pienta Kenneth J.
Published: April 2014

Cancer cells can be described as an invasive species that is able to establish itself in a new environment. The concept of niche construction can be utilized to describe the process by which cancer cells terraform their environment, thereby engineering an ecosystem that promotes the genetic fitness of the species. Ecological dispersion theory can then be utilized to describe and model the steps and barriers involved in a successful diaspora as the cancer cells leave the original host organ and migrate to new host organs to successfully establish a new metastatic community. These ecological concepts can be further utilized to define new diagnostic and therapeutic areas for lethal cancers. 115: 1478–1485, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Growth and wear of incisor and cheek teeth in domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) fed diets of different abrasiveness
Authors: Müller Jacqueline , Clauss Marcus , Codron Daryl , Schulz Ellen , Hummel Jürgen , Fortelius Mikael , Kircher Patrick , Hatt Jean‐Michel
Published: April 2014

Although patterns of tooth wear are crucial in palaeo‐reconstructions, and dental wear abnormalities are important in veterinary medicine, experimental investigations on the relationship between diet abrasiveness and tooth wear are rare. Here, we investigated the effect of four different pelleted diets of increasing abrasiveness (due to both internal [phytoliths] and external abrasives [sand]) or whole grass hay fed for 2 weeks each in random order to 16 rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on incisor and premolar growth and wear, and incisor and cheek tooth length. Wear and tooth length differed between diets, with significant effects of both internal and external abrasives. While diet abrasiveness was linked to tooth length for all tooth positions, whole forage had an additional effect on upper incisor length only. Tooth growth was strongly related to tooth wear and differed correspondingly between diets and tooth positions. At 1.4–3.2 mm/week, the growth of cheek teeth measured in this study was higher than previously reported for rabbits. Dental abnormalities were most distinct on the diet with sand. This study demonstrates that concepts of constant tooth growth in rabbits requiring consistent wear are inappropriate, and that diet form (whole vs. pelleted) does not necessarily affect cheek teeth. Irrespective of the strong effect of external abrasives, internal abrasives have the potential to induce wear and hence exert selective pressure in evolution. Detailed differences in wear effects between tooth positions allow inferences about the mastication process. Elucidating feedback mechanisms that link growth to tooth‐specific wear represents a promising area of future research.J. Exp. Zool. 321A:283–298, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Analyzing developmental sequences with Parsimov—A case study of cranial muscle development in anuran larvae
Authors: Ziermann Janine M. , Mitgutsch Christian , Olsson Lennart
Published: April 2014

Parsimov is a parsimony‐based method for identifying the minimum number of heterochronic event‐shifts on all branches of a given phylogenetic framework to explain the developmental sequences seen in the species investigated, and has been used to investigate the evolution of developmental sequences in various animal groups. However, the biological interpretation of the results is difficult not least because Parsimov uses non‐independent data resulting from event‐pairing as the basis for its analyses. To test the applicability of Parsimov to a large data set, larval cranial muscle development was studied in 15 anurans, three caudates and the Australian lungfish. We analyzed the developmental sequences with Parsimov to investigate: if there are (1) heterochronies on deep branches of a cladogram indicating changes in the ancestral sequences, (2) heterochronies that can be related to larval life‐history, and (3) the sensitivity of the analysis to different underlying cladograms. We discovered general patterns of cranial muscle development, such as an anterior‐to‐posterior gradient, an outside‐in pattern and a tendency for cranial muscles to develop from their region of origin toward their insertion. We found most heterochronies on terminal branches and only a few shifts on deep branches in the cladograms indicating changes in the ancestral sequences. No changes could be related to larval life‐history. The underlying cladogram clearly influenced the outcome of the analysis. We propose that Parsimov has the potential, combined with other methods, to find evolutionary important changes and to aid the biological interpretation of these changes. J. Exp. J. Exp. Zool. (Mol. Dev. Evol.) 322B: 586–606, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Attentional Bias Modification in Dutch Veterans With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder—A Case Series With a Personalized Treatment Version
Authors: Schoorl Maartje , Putman Peter , Mooren Trudy M. , Van Der Werff Steven , Van Der Does Willem
Published: April 2014

Beneficial effects of attentional bias modification have been claimed for a number of anxiety disorders, but study results are variable. A recent trial in patients with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) showed no therapeutic effects. The use of personally relevant and verbal stimuli might increase the efficacy of attentional bias modification. In an A–B case series design, we hypothesized that individualized attentional bias modification would lead to reduction of attentional bias and a decrease in PTSD symptoms. Six Dutch male war veterans (mean age 39.33 years) who had developed PTSD after peacekeeping missions underwent the treatment. No therapeutic effects were observed. Inter‐ and intraindividual attentional bias scores varied widely and did not respond to attentional bias modification as hypothesized. This study provides no evidence that individualized attentional bias modification is an effective treatment for PTSD.
Decision making in liver transplantation—Limited application of the liver donor risk index
Authors: Mataya Leslie , Aronsohn Andrew , Thistlethwaite Richard J. , Ross Lainie Friedman
Published: April 2014

The liver donor risk index (LDRI), originally developed in 2006 by Feng et al. and since modified, is a method of evaluating liver grafts from deceased donors through the determination of the relative risk of graft failure after transplantation. Online and paper surveys about attitudes and practices regarding decision making in liver transplantation and the role of the LDRI were sent to liver transplant physicians. One hundred forty-seven of 401 eligible respondents (37%) returned partial or complete surveys. The majority of the respondents were male (116/134 or 87%) and practiced in academic medical centers (128/138 or 93%). Transplant coordinators initially contacted the candidate with an offer in 81% of the programs. Eighty-eight of 143 respondents (62%) reported that they were very familiar with the LDRI, but the vast majority (114/137 or 83%) rarely or never discussed the concept of the LDRI with their patients. A majority of the respondents (96/132 or 73%) believed that the LDRI does not adequately describe a liver's relative risk of graft failure and that there are factors making the LDRI potentially misleading (122/138 or 88%). Nevertheless, 60 of 130 respondents (46%) believed that the LDRI would increase/improve shared decision making. The LDRI has not been widely adopted because of concerns that (1) it does not accurately reflect posttransplant survival, (2) it excludes relevant donor and recipient factors, and (3) it is too complicated for candidates to grasp. There is a need to improve it or to develop other decision-making tools to help promote shared decision making. There is also great diversity in how liver offers are made to ambulatory candidates and in how transplant programs address a candidate's refusal. Research is needed to determine evidence-based best practice. Liver Transpl 20:831-837, 2014. © 2014 AASLD.
Assessment of alcohol consumption in liver transplant candidates and recipients: The best combination of the tools available
Authors: Piano Salvatore , Marchioro Lucio , Gola Elisabetta , Rosi Silvia , Morando Filippo , Cavallin Marta , Sticca Antonietta , Fasolato Silvano , Forza Giovanni , Frigo Anna Chiara , Plebani Mario , Zanus Giacomo , Cillo Umberto , Gatta Angelo , Angeli Paolo
Published: April 2014

The detection of alcohol consumption in liver transplant candidates (LTCs) and liver transplant recipients (LTRs) is required to enable a proper assessment of transplant eligibility and early management of alcohol relapse, respectively. In this clinical setting, urinary ethyl glucuronide (uEtG), the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test for Alcohol Consumption (AUDIT-c), serum ethanol, urinary ethanol, carbohydrate-deficient transferrin (CDT), and other indirect markers of alcohol consumption were evaluated and compared prospectively in 121 LTCs and LTRs. Alcohol consumption was diagnosed when AUDIT-c results were positive or it was confirmed by a patient's history in response to abnormal results. Alcohol consumption was found in 30.6% of the patients. uEtG was found to be the strongest marker of alcohol consumption (odds ratio = 414.5, P < 0.001) and provided a more accurate prediction rate of alcohol consumption [area under receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curve = 0.94] than CDT (area under ROC curve = 0.63, P < 0.001) and AUDIT-c (area under ROC curve = 0.73, P < 0.001). The combination of uEtG and AUDIT-c showed higher accuracy in detecting alcohol consumption in comparison with the combination of CDT and AUDIT-c (area under ROC curve = 0.98 versus 0.80, P < 0.001). Furthermore, uEtG was the most useful marker for detecting alcohol consumption in patients with negative AUDIT-c results. In conclusion, the combination of AUDIT-c and uEtG improves the detection of alcohol consumption in LTCs and LTRs. Therefore, they should be used routinely for these patients. Liver Transpl 20:815–822, 2014. © 2014 AASLD.
Power Density Threshold for Switching Off the Tack Adhesion of Colloidal Nanocomposites
Authors: Cooper Ben S. , Gurney Robert S. , Siband Elodie , Dupin Damien , Keddie Joseph L.
Published: April 2014

Colloidal nanocomposite adhesives are made by blending soft adhesive particles with hard nanoparticles (NPs) that sit at the particle boundaries to create a percolating phase. When the nanocomposite is heated with infrared (IR) radiation, the NPs sinter together to create a rigid structure that hardens the composite and thereby switches off the tack adhesion. It is discovered that the IR power density of an irradiation for 20 s must exceed a threshold value of 1.07 W cm−2 before the tack is switched off. At lower power densities, an analysis of the sintering of the NPs shows that there is not sufficient time to link them together into a rigid structure. These results reveal that the switching of colloidal nanocomposite adhesives can be easily controlled through the IR power density and the time of the exposure.

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Thiamethoxam as a seed treatment alters the physiological response of maize (Zea mays) seedlings to neighbouring weeds
Authors: Afifi Maha , Lee Elizabeth , Lukens Lewis , Swanton Clarence
Published: April 2014

BACKGROUND

Thiamethoxam is a broad‐spectrum neonicotinoid insecticide that, when applied to seed, has been observed to enhance seedling vigour under environmental stress conditions. Stress created by the presence of neighbouring weeds is known to trigger the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in maize seedling tissue. No previous work has explored the effect of thiamethoxam as a seed treatment on the physiological response of maize seedlings emerging in the presence of neighbouring weeds.

RESULTS

Thiamethoxam was found to enhance seedling vigour and to overcome the expression of typical shade avoidance characteristics in the presence of neighbouring weeds. These results were attributed to maintenance of the total phenolics content, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity and anthocyanin and lignin contents. These findings were also associated with the activation of scavenging genes, which reduced the accumulation of H2O2 and the subsequent damage caused by lipid peroxidation in maize seedlings originating from treated seeds even when exposed to neighbouring weeds.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggest the possibility of exploring new chemistries and modes of action as novel seed treatments to upregulate free radical scavenging genes and to maintain the antioxidant system within plants. Such an approach may provide an opportunity to enhance crop competitiveness with weeds. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
Structure of helical Nb2O5 nanotubes studied by transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Yubuta Kunio , Teshima Katsuya , Oishi Shuji
Published: April 2014

The structure of Nb2O5 nanotubes was studied by electron diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The nanotubes were prepared from highly crystalline‐layered K4Nb6O17 crystals grown from a KCl flux using the intercalating and exfoliating techniques. Nanotubes have a length of about 200 nm and a diameter of 20 nm. The observed electron diffraction patterns revealed that the nanotubes have a helical structure with the basal plane of (010) and the tube‐axis parallel to the [201] direction. Their basal plane corresponds to the (010) plane of the layered K4Nb6O17 crystals. The helical lattice plane was directly observed by a Fourier filtered HRTEM image. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TOF‐SIMS analysis of lithium air battery discharge products utilizing gas cluster ion beam sputtering for surface stabilization
Authors: Karen Akiya , Ito Kimihiko , Kubo Yoshimi
Published: April 2014

TOF‐SIMS investigation on various lithium reference materials has been carried out for the characterization of reaction products on electrodes of lithium air batteries (LAB). In conjunction with argon gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) sputtering which can stabilize the surface of lithium compounds effectively, characteristic secondary ion species have been found for identification and differentiation among them. On the surface of real discharged carbon cathodes of LAB, lithium peroxide and related products were recognized under coexistence of electrolyte components and confirmed by the experiment using 18O2 as reaction gas in the discharging process. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Value creation and value capture under moral hazard: Exploring the micro‐foundations of buyer– supplier relationships
Authors: Obloj Tomasz , Zemsky Peter
Published: April 2014

We combine the formalism of a principal–agent framework with a value‐based analysis in order to investigate the micro‐foundations of business partner selection and the division of value in contracting relationships. In particular, we study how the key contracting parameters such as efficiency, transactional integrity, incentive alignment, and gaming affect outcomes when buyers face competing suppliers. We show that integrity and efficiency increase value creation and capture for all parties and are complements. While incentive gaming is unambiguously bad for value creation, and reduces buyers' value capture, it can benefit some suppliers. For alignment, we find that neither party has an incentive to use fully aligned performance measures that maximize total value creation. We conclude by analyzing buyers' and suppliers' incentives to invest in integrity. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
DNA Sensors and Aptasensors Based on the Hemin/G‐quadruplex‐Controlled Aggregation of Au NPs in the Presence of L‐Cysteine
Authors: Niazov‐Elkan Angelica , Golub Eyal , Sharon Etery , Balogh Dora , Willner Itamar
Published: April 2014

L‐cysteine induces the aggregation of Au nanoparticles (NPs), resulting in a color transition from red to blue due to interparticle plasmonic coupling in the aggregated structure. The hemin/G‐quadruplex horseradish peroxidase‐mimicking DNAzyme catalyzes the aerobic oxidation of L‐cysteine to cystine, a process that inhibits the aggregation of the NPs. The degree of inhibition of the aggregation process is controlled by the concentration of the DNAzyme in the system. These functions are implemented to develop sensing platforms for the detection of a target DNA, for the analysis of aptamer‐substrate complexes, and for the analysis of L‐cysteine in human urine samples. A hairpin DNA structure that includes a recognition site for the DNA analyte and a caged G‐quadruplex sequence, is opened in the presence of the target DNA. The resulting self‐assembled hemin/G‐quadruplex acts as catalyst that controls the aggregation of the Au NPs. Also, the thrombin‐binding aptamer folds into a G‐quadruplex nanostructure upon binding to thrombin. The association of hemin to the resulting G‐quadruplex aptamer‐thrombin complex leads to a catalytic label that controls the L‐cysteine‐mediated aggregation of the Au NPs. The hemin/G‐qaudruplex‐controlled aggregation of Au NPs process is further implemented for visual and spectroscopic detection of L‐cysteine concentration in urine samples.
Inter‐Rater Reliability of the PIPES Tool: Validation of a Surgical Capacity Index for Use in Resource‐Limited Settings
Authors: Markin Abraham , Barbero Roxana , Leow Jeffrey J. , Groen Reinou S. , Perlman Greg , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Apelgren Keith N. , Kushner Adam L. , Nwomeh Benedict C.
Published: April 2014

Introduction

In response to the need for simple, rapid means of quantifying surgical capacity in low resource settings, Surgeons OverSeas (SOS) developed the personnel, infrastructure, procedures, equipment and supplies (PIPES) tool. The present investigation assessed the inter‐rater reliability of the PIPES tool.

Methods

As part of a government assessment of surgical services in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, the PIPES tool was translated into Spanish and applied in interviews with physicians at 31 public hospitals. An additional interview was conducted with nurses at a convenience sample of 25 of these hospitals. Physician and nurse responses were then compared to generate an estimate of reliability. For dichotomous survey items, inter‐rater reliability between physicians and nurses was assessed using the Cohen’s kappa statistic and percent agreement. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to assess agreement for continuous items.

Results

Cohen’s kappa was 0.46 for infrastructure, 0.43 for procedures, 0.26 for equipment, and 0 for supplies sections. The median correlation coefficient was 0.91 for continuous items. Correlation was 0.79 for the PIPES index, and ranged from 0.32 to 0.98 for continuous response items.

Conclusions

Reliability of the PIPES tool was moderate for the infrastructure and procedures sections, fair for the equipment section, and poor for supplies section when comparing surgeons’ responses to nurses’ responses—an extremely rigorous test of reliability. These results indicate that the PIPES tool is an effective measure of surgical capacity but that the equipment and supplies sections may need to be revised.
Preoperative Hepatitis B Virus DNA Level is a Risk Factor for Postoperative Liver Failure in Patients Who Underwent Partial Hepatectomy for Hepatitis B‐Related Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Gang , Lau Wan Yee , Shen Feng , Pan Ze‐ya , Fu Si‐yuan , Yang Yun , Zhou Wei‐ping , Wu Meng‐chao
Published: April 2014

Objective

Our objective was to explore the short‐term effects of preoperative serum hepatitis B virus DNA level (HBV DNA) on postoperative hepatic function in patients who underwent partial hepatectomy for hepatitis B‐related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

The clinical data of 1,602 patients with hepatitis B‐related HCC who underwent partial hepatectomy in our department were retrospectively studied. The patients were divided into three groups according to their preoperative HBV DNA levels: group A <200 IU/mL, group B 200–20,000 IU/mL, and group C >20,000 IU/mL. The rates of postoperative complications, especially the rate of postoperative liver failure, were compared.

Results

There were significant differences among the three groups in the rates of postoperative liver failure. On multivariate logistic regression analysis, a high preoperative HBV DNA level was an independent risk factor for postoperative liver failure.

Conclusions

Preoperative HBV DNA level was a significant risk factor for postoperative hepatic dysfunction.
A shallow-water sloshing model for wave breaking in rectangular tanks
Authors: Antuono Matteo , Bardazzi Andrea , Lugni Claudio , Brocchini Maurizio
Published: April 2014

We propose a simple, robust and efficient sloshing model that accounts for breaking phenomena evolving in rectangular tanks and in shallow-water conditions. The model has been obtained by applying Fourier analysis to Boussinesq-type equations and using an approximate analytic solution for the vorticity generated by wave breaking. The toe of the breaker and the intensity of the vorticity injected at the free surface are computed on the basis of literature results for coastal-type breakers. A first experimental campaign has been used to calibrate the turbulent viscosity of the sloshing model, while a second campaign has been run as final validation. The overall good agreement between the numerical outputs and the experimental data confirms the reliability and robustness of the proposed model.
FORA NON CONVENIENSFOR ENFORCEMENT OF ARBITRAL AWARDS AGAINST STATES
Authors: Juratowitch Ben
Published: April 2014

InFigueiredo Ferraz v Peruthe US Court of Appeals, Second Circuit, deployed the doctrine offorum non conveniensto decline to enforce an arbitral award against Peru. The award had been rendered in Peru and the successful party in the arbitration sought to enforce it against Peru's assets in New York. This article argues that, contrary to the Second Circuit's approach, when the merits of a dispute are decided in an arbitration seated in one jurisdiction and the arbitral award is then presented to a court in another jurisdiction for enforcement against the award debtor and its assets within the jurisdiction of that court, neitherforum non conveniensnor any rule performing the same function should arise.
Caste formation in larval Himasthla elongata (Trematoda) infecting common periwinkles Littorina littorea
Authors: Nielsen Sigrid S. , Johansen Malan , Mouritsen Kim N.
Published: April 2014

Reproductive division of labour is well-known in several animal groups but the ecological factors driving the evolution of such social organization are still being discussed. Recent studies have discovered social organization in four marine species of trematode parasites having two distinct castes specialized for reproduction and defence of the clonal intra-molluscan larval colony, respectively. Here, we provide novel evidence for social structure also in colonies of the trematode Himasthla elongata infecting the common periwinkle Littorina littorea. We found two types of rediae, the parthenogenetic larval offspring of the parasite: small non-reproductive rediae and considerably larger reproductive rediae. Both redial types possessed a digestive system, collar and posterior appendages and, hence, aside from dimensions, were morphologically similar. However, in vitro experiments showed that non-reproductive morphs attacked heterospecific competing parasites at a higher rate (2–3 fold) than reproductive morphs did. No within-colony antagonism was observed. In contrast to a previous study on a congeneric trematode species, our findings suggest a relatively weak caste formation in H. elongata, possibly resulting from a corresponding weaker level of interspecific competition.
Something a Bit Peculiar? Sex, the Germans and the History of Sexuality
Authors: HARRIS VICTORIA
Published: April 2014

Historians of sexuality are uniquely placed to act theflâneur. Loitering in an archive's seedier or more obscure files, they tour the marginal landscapes of the past. They can vicariously experience deviant activity while maintaining historical detachment, writing histories which titillate as much as educate. Fun though this may be, there is the danger that producing such texts benefits only the writers themselves. Michel Foucault famously suggested that writing about the history of sexuality occurs purely for the ‘speaker's benefit’. Historians have thus sought to prove that ‘marginal’ histories are of true academic, not just voyeuristic, significance. This quest has been particularly fruitful for histories of sexuality – stories which are fascinating not least because they are simultaneously marginal, or unspeakable, and utterly central to human life.
Konstrukt- und Kriteriumsvalidität einer deutschen Version des Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) zur Identifikation von Kindern mit Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-/ Hyperaktivitätsstörungen (ADHS)
Authors: Schöfl Martin , Beitel Christoph , Kloo Daniela , Kaufmann Liane
Published: April 2014

Exekutive Dysfunktionen werden als wesentliche und einflussreiche Defizite bei Aufmerksamkeitsdefizit-Hyperaktivitätsstörungen (ADHS) beurteilt. Bisher gibt es jedoch kein psychometrisch robustes deutschsprachiges Fremdbeurteilungsinstrument zur Erfassung exekutiver (Dys‐) Funktionen im Kindesalter. Das Hauptziel dieser Studie war daher die Validierung der psychometrischen Struktur einer deutschsprachigen Version des Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) an einer Stichprobe von 149 Kindern im Alter von 6 bis 10 Jahren mit und ohne ADHS. Die Ergebnisse bestätigten die Zweifaktoren-Struktur der englischsprachigen Originalarbeit mit den Indexwerten Verhaltensregulation und Metakognition. Sensitivität (76 %) und Spezifität (84 %) der deutschen Version des BRIEF bei der Vorhersage der Gruppenzugehörigkeit von Kindern mit und ohne ADHS waren vergleichbar mit der Originalarbeit und zeigten den klinischen Nutzen des Verfahrens auf.
Die Erfassung expansiven Verhaltens mit der deutschen Version des Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI)
Authors: Heinrichs Nina , Bussing Regina , Henrich Emanuel , Schwarzer Gudrun , Briegel Wolfgang
Published: April 2014

In der vorliegenden Studie wurde die deutsche Version des Eyberg Child Behavior Inventory (ECBI) zur Erfassung von Verhaltensproblemen im Kindesalter psychometrisch untersucht. Dafür füllten Eltern von 5 218 Kindern im Alter von 2 bis 9 Jahren das ECBI sowie den Fragebogen zu Stärken und Schwächen (SDQ) aus. Darüber hinaus lieferten sie soziodemographische Daten. Die Stichprobe wurde in drei deutschen Städten über Kindertagesstätten und Grundschulen rekrutiert. Die Rücklaufquote lag bei 49 % der Zielpopulation. Die Ergebnisse unterstützen das ECBI als homogenes Maß für Verhaltensprobleme im Kindesalter mit sehr guter Differenzierungsfähigkeit zwischen unterschiedlichen Ausprägungen von Verhaltensproblemen. Es ergaben sich signifikante Unterschiede in den Intensitäts- und Problemwerten mit niedrigeren Werten in der vorliegenden deutschen im Vergleich zur amerikanischen Stichprobe. Da der erzielte Intensitätswert des Elternfragebogens ein wesentliches Kriterium für die Entscheidung über die Initiierung und Beendigung von Parent-Child Interaction Therapy (PCIT) darstellt, ist es von großer Bedeutung deutsche Normen zu verwenden.
A 3-D in vitro co-culture model of mammary gland involution
Authors: Campbell Jonathan J. , Botos Laur-Alexandru , Sargeant Timothy J. , Davidenko Natalia , Cameron Ruth E. , Watson Christine J.
Published: April 2014

Anin vitromodel of mammary gland supporting 3D cell–cell and cell–matrix interactions demonstrates completein vivo-like neo-tissue formation and remodelling processes (involution) under hormonal control.
Tunable surface plasmon resonance and enhanced electrical conductivity of In doped ZnO colloidal nanocrystals
Authors: Ghosh Sirshendu , Saha Manas , De S. K.
Published: April 2014

Successful doping of In3+ in ZnO NCs produces a tunable morphology and SPR in the NIR region with a high free electron concentration.
Novel self-assembled 2D networks based on zinc metal ion co-ordination: synthesis and comparative study with 3D networks
Authors: Rajwar Deepa , Liu Xinfeng , Lim Zheng Bang , Cho Sung Ju , Chen Shi , Thomas Jens M. H. , Trewin Abbie , Lam Yeng Ming , Sum Tze Chien , Grimsdale Andrew C.
Published: April 2014

Novel 2-D supramolecular networks were made by metal-ion coordination, and their properties compared with similar 3-D networks.
Synthesis of amorphous cobalt sulfide polyhedral nanocages for high performance supercapacitors
Authors: Jiang Zhen , Lu Weijun , Li Zhengping , Ho Kuan Hung , Li Xu , Jiao Xiuling , Chen Dairong
Published: April 2014

Amorphous cobalt sulfide polyhedral nanocages are synthesized by utilizing zeolitic imidazolate framework-67 (ZIF-67) nanocrystals as templates.
An enantioselective synthesis of the C24–C40 fragment of (−)-pulvomycin
Authors: Börding Sandra , Bach Thorsten
Published: April 2014

The C24–C40 fragment of (−)-pulvomycin was prepared in enantiomerically pure form using a concise synthesis method (15 linear steps from d-fucose, 6.8% overall yield) featuring a diastereoselective addition to an aldehyde, a β-selective glycosylation and a Stille cross-coupling as the key steps.
Graphene nanosheets encapsulated α-MoO3 nanoribbons with ultrahigh lithium ion storage properties
Authors: Lu Pei-Jie , Lei Ming , Liu Jun
Published: April 2014

A facile and effective method has been reported to synthesize graphene-encapsulated α-MoO3 nanoribbons by self-assembly of negatively charged graphene oxide and positively charged MoO3 nanoribbons.
A sustainable route to produce the scytonemin precursor usingEscherichia coli
Authors: Malla Sailesh , Sommer Morten O. A.
Published: April 2014

AnE. colicell factory was constructed for production of the monomer moiety of scytonemin. Combining this biological system with chemo-synthetic dimerization will contribute to semi-synthetic scytonemin production.
Kinetics of DBU-catalyzed transesterification for biodiesel in the DBU–ethanol switchable-polarity solvent
Authors: Xue Dongling , Mu Ying , Mao Yu , Yang Tiankui , Xiu Zhilong
Published: April 2014

The production of biodiesel from soybean oil and ethanol was investigated in switchable-polarity solvent (SPS) media of DBU and ethanol.
A microfluidic-based platform for tumour spheroid culture, monitoring and drug screening
Authors: Kwapiszewska K. , Michalczuk A. , Rybka M. , Kwapiszewski R. , Brzózka Z.
Published: April 2014

We present a system for automated in situ measurements of time-dependent changes in drug sensitivity of 3D cell cultures.
Low-temperature solution-processable Ni(OH)2 ultrathin nanosheet/N-graphene nanohybrids for high-performance supercapacitor electrodes
Authors: Chang Haixin , Kang Jianli , Chen Luyang , Wang Junqiang , Ohmura Kazuyo , Chen Na , Fujita Takeshi , Wu Hongkai , Chen Mingwei
Published: April 2014

Highly nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene) based layered, quasi-two dimensional nanohybrids with ultrathin nanosheet nanocrystals, offering high performance in supercapacitor electrodes.
Aluminum based sulfide solid lithium ionic conductors for all solid state batteries
Authors: Amaresh S. , Karthikeyan K. , Kim K. J. , Lee Y. G. , Lee Y. S.
Published: April 2014

The ionic conductivity of a Li–Al–Ge–P–S based thio-LISICON solid electrolyte is equivalent to that of a conventional organic liquid electrolyte used in lithium secondary batteries. The usage of aluminum brings down the cost of the solid electrolyte making it suitable for commercial solid state batteries.
EELS tomography in multiferroic nanocomposites: from spectrum images to the spectrum volume
Authors: Yedra Lluís , Eljarrat Alberto , Rebled José Manuel , López-Conesa Lluís , Dix Nico , Sánchez Florencio , Estradé Sònia , Peiró Francesca
Published: April 2014

Novel TEM 4D characterization: electron tomogram containing a core-loss spectrum per voxel.
Synthetic routes to the Neuropeptide Y Y1 receptor antagonist 1229U91 and related analogues for SAR studies and cell-based imaging
Authors: Mountford Simon J. , Liu Mengjie , Zhang Lei , Groenen Marleen , Herzog Herbert , Holliday Nicholas D. , Thompson Philip E.
Published: April 2014

The potent Y1receptor antagonist, 1229U91 has an unusual cyclic dimer structure. We have developed three new routes to the synthesis of analogues. Such variants, including fluorescent conjugates, show potent Y1antagonism.
Asymmetric water diffusion driven nanotube actuator
Authors: Rahman Atikur , Sarma Abhisakh , Gayen Sirshendu , Sanyal Milan K.
Published: April 2014

Polymer nanotubes attached to a surface deposited thin polymer layer show actuation due to asymmetric water vapor diffusion.
A review on materials for light scattering in dye-sensitized solar cells
Authors: Deepak T. G. , Anjusree G. S. , Thomas Sara , Arun T. A. , Nair Shantikumar V. , Sreekumaran Nair A.
Published: April 2014

A state-of-the-art review highlighting the theory, role and the materials of the scattering layer in dye-sensitized solar cells.
Fluorescein-based ionic liquid sensor for label-free detection of serum albumins
Authors: Galpothdeniya Waduge Indika S. , Das Susmita , De Rooy Sergio L. , Regmi Bishnu P. , Hamdan Suzana , Warner Isiah M.
Published: April 2014

Fluorescein-based room temperature ionic liquid as a fluorescent probe for highly selective and sensitive detection of serum albumins.
Significance of ions with an ordered arrangement for enhancing the electron injection/extraction in polymer optoelectronic devices
Authors: Wu Chen-Hao , Chin Chih-Yun , Chen Tsan-Yao , Guo Tzung-Fang , Lee Chih-Hao , Lin Tsang-Lang , Jen Alex K.-Y. , Wen Ten-Chin
Published: April 2014

The ordered arrangement of ions contributes to the enhanced electron injection/extraction in polymer optoelectronic devices and can be manipulated by adequate thermal annealing treatment.
Charge transfer in strongly correlated systems: An exact diagonalization approach to model Hamiltonians
Authors: Schöppach Andreas , Gnandt David , Koslowski Thorsten
Published: April 2014

We study charge transfer in bridged di- and triruthenium complexes from a theoretical and computational point of view. Ab initio computations are interpreted from the perspective of a simple empirical Hamiltonian, a chemically specific Mott-Hubbard model of the complexes' π electron systems. This Hamiltonian is coupled to classical harmonic oscillators mimicking a polarizable dielectric environment. The model can be solved without further approximations in a valence bond picture using the method of exact diagonalization and permits the computation of charge transfer reaction rates in the framework of Marcus' theory. In comparison to the exact solution, the Hartree-Fock mean field theory overestimates both the activation barrier and the magnitude of charge-transfer excitations significantly. For triruthenium complexes, we are able to directly access the interruthenium antiferromagnetic coupling strengths.
Filiform Lie algebras of order 3
Authors: Navarro R. M.
Published: April 2014

The aim of this work is to generalize a very important type of Lie algebras and superalgebras, i.e., filiform Lie (super)algebras, into the theory of Lie algebras of order F. Thus, the concept of filiform Lie algebras of order F is obtained. In particular, for F = 3 it has been proved that by using infinitesimal deformations of the associated model elementary Lie algebra it can be obtained families of filiform elementary lie algebras of order 3, analogously as that occurs into the theory of Lie algebras [M. Vergne, “Cohomologie des algèbres de Lie nilpotentes. Application à l’étude de la variété des algèbres de Lie nilpotentes,” Bull. Soc. Math. France 98, 81–116 (1970)]. Also we give the dimension, using an adaptation of the \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}\begin{document}$\mathfrak {sl}(2,\mathbb {C})$\end{document}sl(2,C)-module Method, and a basis of such infinitesimal deformations in some generic cases.
Multi-region relaxed magnetohydrodynamics with flow
Authors: Dennis G. R. , Hudson S. R. , Dewar R. L. , Hole M. J.
Published: April 2014

We present an extension of the multi-region relaxed magnetohydrodynamics (MRxMHD) equilibrium model that includes plasma flow. This new model is a generalization of Woltjer's model of relaxed magnetohydrodynamics equilibria with flow. We prove that as the number of plasma regions becomes infinite, our extension of MRxMHD reduces to ideal MHD with flow. We also prove that some solutions to MRxMHD with flow are not time-independent in the laboratory frame, and instead have 3D structure which rotates in the toroidal direction with fixed angular velocity. This capability gives MRxMHD potential application to describing rotating 3D MHD structures such as "snakes" and long-lived modes.
Surface band-bending and Fermi-level pinning in doped Si observed by Kelvin force microscopy
Authors: Arita Makoto , Torigoe Kazuhisa , Yamauchi Takashi , Nagaoka Takashi , Aiso Toru , Yamashita Yasuhisa , Motooka Teruaki
Published: April 2014

The workfunction change in doped Si was examined using Kelvin force microscopy in a wide range of doping concentrations from p-type ∼1019 to n-type ∼1020 cm−3 corresponding to the bulk Fermi-level positions from near the valence-band top to conduction-band minimum. Experimental data can be reproduced by model calculations using an appropriate surface-state density composed of the donor- and acceptor-like gap states. These results indicate that no appreciable surface-band bending occurs for doping concentrations less than ∼1014 cm−3 while the bending becomes prominent and the surface Fermi-level is eventually pinned in the midgap region as the concentration increases to ∼1020 cm−3.
Control of work function of graphene by plasma assisted nitrogen doping
Authors: Akada Keishi , Terasawa Tomo-o , Imamura Gaku , Obata Seiji , Saiki Koichiro
Published: April 2014

Nitrogen doping is expected to provide several intriguing properties to graphene. Nitrogen plasma treatment to defect-free and defective highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) samples causes doping of nitrogen atom into the graphene layer. Nitrogen atoms are initially doped at a graphitic site (inside the graphene) for the defect-free HOPG, while doping to a pyridinic or a pyrrolic site (edge of the graphene) is dominant for the defective HOPG. The work function of graphene correlates strongly with the site and amount of doped nitrogen. Nitrogen atoms doped at a graphitic site lower the work function, while nitrogen atoms at a pyridinic or a pyrrolic site increase the work function. Control of plasma treatment time and the amount of initial defect could change the work function of graphite from 4.3 eV to 5.4 eV, which would open a way to tailor the nature of graphene for various industrial applications.
Exploring the generic structure of French editorials from the perspective of systemic functional linguistics
Authors: Caffarel-Cayron Alice , Rechniewski Elizabeth
Published: April 2014

This article argues that the editorial should be a crucial object of research, both for the role it plays in constructing the ideological positioning of the newspaper syntagmatically (within a single issue) and paradigmatically (its coherence over time) but also as a prevalent example – one of the few examples in daily life – of text whose principal function is opinion formation and persuasion by argument. Drawing on linguistic analysis and specifically on the resources offered by Systemic Functional Linguistics, it contributes to the task of identifying key components of the generic structure of French editorials through the analysis of thematic progression, logical resources and evaluative meanings in the editorials of two French newspapers (Libération, Le Figaro) written at the time of the kidnapping of French journalists in Iraq.
Competition between four “world” languages in Algeria
Authors: Benrabah Mohamed
Published: April 2014

As a post-colonial society with an almost unique colonial history on the African continent and in the Arabophone zone, Algeria can serve as a focus on this millennium’s rivalry between a few “world” languages – namely Arabic, Chinese, English, and French. This article highlights the importance of the influence of colonialism in shaping post-colonial language policy in a multilingual society. It also looks at the role of elites and the effects of their top-down language implementation on planned and unplanned developments as related to the position and status of “world” languages within a polity. And it reasserts the dominant position of English as a global language despite the maintenance of the former colonial language, French. From a theoretical and applied perspective, this article raises questions about what constitutes a “world” language, and it shows the importance of some indicators in measuring the international standing of languages in the globalized world.