bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interdisciplinary treatment and rehabilitation based on the point electrostimulation in the patient with hemangioma mass on the floor of the oral cavity
Authors: Zomkowska Edyta , Sowa Mariusz , Barczewska Monika , Misiowiec Piotr , Kukwa Andrzej
Published: May 2019

Tongue hemangiomas usually originate from the vascular system. They are spherical in shape and often result in a significant mass increase and swelling of the tissues in the vicinity of the lips (the so-called cavernous angioma) or the gums and tongue (the so-called vascular granuloma). The hemangiomas in the area of the oral cavity often cause the swelling of the neighboring tissues what makes it difficult to talk, swallow, take and chew food.
The conservative treatment is associated with removal of a lesion. The surgical treatment should be preceded by vascular diagnostics (arteriography) that helps to assess the extent and intensity of tumor vasculature. The arterial tumor with rich vascularization is treated by the endovascular embolization of the vessels feeding to tumor. The embolization is performed among other things to reduce bleeding during surgery
Generation of voiced speech in changed anatomical conditions requires searching for new, substitute places of articulation. It is not easy due to the fact that many tissues have been deformed after the surgery (including partial glossectomy). The decision about how to conduct speech rehabilitation is made with help of, for example, linguograms.
The most important in the early phase of the rehabilitation is to initiate the functions of the reflex arc by, among others, stimulation or induced contraction of the muscles involved in the act of swallowing and speech. In the case of this patient, the rehabilitation was performed with methods of point electrostimulation. The use of point electrostimulator contributed to shorter necessary time with the gastroesophageal tube and, thus, gave the possibility of self-feeding to the patient and resulted in a more efficient rehabilitation of active speech.
TRIBUTAÇÃO NAS OPERAÇÕES DE TRANSFERÊNCIA ELETRÔNICA DE DADOS - DOWNLOAD E STREAMING (ISS X ICMS)
Authors: Pellegrini Thiago , Capanema Petrocchi Rafael , Sanches Jacqueline
Published: May 2019

O presente artigo pretende trazer algumas considerações e alguns entendimentos acerca da tributação sobre as operações comerciais via transferência de dados na perspectiva das legislações do Imposto sobre Serviços (ISS) e do Imposto sobre Circulação de Mercadorias (ICMS), haja vista a crescente ampliação do uso de tecnologias, sobretudo em razão do significativo desenvolvimento de ferramentas de streaming e download na última década, o que, naturalmente, tem provocado os estados e os municípios a regulamentar a incidência de tributos sobre essas novas realidades, de forma a garantir a arrecadação tributária sobre os novos signos de capacidade contributiva. Nesse sentido, foram editados instrumentos normativos com o intuito de viabilizar a cobrança tanto do ICMS quanto do ISS sobre certas operações realizadas via transferência de dados. E é nesse contexto que o artigo ora apresentado almeja trazer luzes iniciais sobre conceitos, eventuais conflitos de competência e sobre a legalidade e constitucionalidade da tributação pretendida.
Danger! Animals in the Mathematics Classroom
Authors: Livers Stefanie D. , Harbour Kristin E. , Fowler Lindsey
Published: May 2019

In our attempts to make a concept easier, we may hinder student learning.
Comparison of two continuous non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring techniques in the perioperative setting
Authors: Jackevičiūtė Jonė , Kraujalytė Greta , Jaremko Inna , Stremaitytė Vilija , Gudaitytė Jūratė
Published: May 2019

Background. The aim of the study was to identify the accuracy of and agreement between two non-invasive haemodynamic monitoring techniques in the perioperative setting – thoracic electrical bioimpedance (TEB) and Edwards Lifesciences ClearSight system (CS). Materials and methods. The study included ten patients. Parametric quantitative data were expressed as mean ± SD. The ShapiroWilk test was used to test the normality of the distributions. A linear regression model was used to measure the strength of the linear relationship between TEB and CS. Bland-Altman analysis was performed to assess the mean difference, precision, and the limits of agreements (LOA). The Critchley and Critchley method was used to calculate the percentage error (PE), and if
Long-term quality of life and posttraumatic stress following elective cardiac surgery: preliminary findings of a 5-year follow-up study
Authors: Gražulytė Daiva , Kazlauskas Evaldas , Norkienė Ieva , Kolevinskaitė Smiltė , Kezytė Greta , Urbanavičiūtė Indrė , Sabestinaitė Akvilė , Korsakaitė Gintarė , Želvienė Paulina , Ringaitienė Donata , Šostakaitė Gintarė , Šipylaitė Jūratė
Published: May 2019

Background. Heart surgery is a major stressful event that can have a significant negative effect on patients’ quality of life (QoL) and may cause long-term posttraumatic stress reactions. The aim of this pilot study was to estimate the longitudinal change and predictors of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) dynamics and identify factors associated with PTS at 5-year follow-up (T2) after elective cardiac surgery and associations with pre-surgery (T1) QoL. Materials and methods. Single-centre prospective study was conducted after Regional Bioethics Committee approval. Adult consecutive patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery were included. HRQOL was measured using the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaire before (T1) and 5-years after (T2) cardiac surgery. Posttraumatic stress was assessed using the International Trauma Questionnaire. Results. The pilot study revealed a significant positive change at 5-year follow-up in several domains of SF-36: physical functioning (PF), energy/fatigue (E/F), and social functioning (SF). Prolonged postoperative hospital stay was associated with change in SF (p < 0.01), E/F (p < 0.05) and emotional well-being (p < 0.05). The percentage of patients that had the posttraumatic stress disor.
der (PTSD) at T2 was 12.2%. Posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with longer hospitalization after surgery (p < 0.01). Conclusions. HRQOL improved from baseline to five years postoperatively. Patients with lower preoperative HRQOL scores tended to have a more significant improvement of HRQOL five years after surgery. A prolonged postoperative hospital stay had a negative impact on postoperative social functioning, energy/fatigue, and emotional well-being. Increased levels of PTSD were found in cardiac surgery patients following five years after the surgery.
A expansão do mercado de educação superior privada no Brasil e a falta de marco econômico regulatório
Authors: Silva Alexsandro da
Published: May 2019

O setor privado de educação superior brasileira atingiu, em 2013, o faturamento de R$32bi apenas na graduação. A concentração da educação superior brasileira é constatada através da consolidação de grandes grupos, os quais pode ser verificado através dos atos publicados pelo CADE (Conselho Administrativo de Desenvolvimento Econômico). O grau de complexidade destes atos também se intensificou nos últimos anos. Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar os atos de concentração e a regulação existente no mercado brasileiro de educação superior privado.
Oficina de chocolate: ensinando o sabor da solidariedade e cidadania
Authors: Rigueto Cesar Vinicius Toniciolli , Guedes Sumaya Ferreira , Loss Raquel Aparecida , Silva Sumaria Sousa e , Ferrão Gabriel Schardong
Published: May 2019

As instituições de ensino superior não somente devem se preocupar com a formação intelectual, mas também se atentar aos ensinamentos éticos e cidadãos dos futuros profissionais. Diante disso, o projeto desenvolvido teve por objetivo promover um minicurso sobre chocolate aos alunos do curso de Engenharia de Alimentos, finalizando com uma oficina de produção e distribuição de ovos de chocolates para a comunidade de Barra do Bugres/MT. Foi possível observar, através dos relatos sobre a necessidade dessas ações dentro da Universidade, com preocupação da formação acadêmica, social e solidaria, capacidade de despertar o interesse pelo envolvimento com a comunidade local.
Guardianes jenofonteos. Hómoioi y homótimoi en La constitución de los lacedemonios y Ciropedia.
Authors: Illarraga Rodrigo
Published: May 2019

Acaso una de las marcas más notables del pensamiento político de los llamados filósofos socráticos haya sido la búsqueda por grupos sociales que, a cargo de responsabilidades gubernamentales, garanticen la estabilidad de una sociedad. Sin lugar a dudas los guardianes platónicos son la referencia paradigmática de este tópico, pero no la única; La constitución de los lacedemonios y Ciropedia tienen a sus propios guardianes jenofonteos: hómoioi y homótimoi. En este trabajo nos proponemos analizar estos dos grupos, proponiendo una lectura comparativa que dé cuenta de su relevancia para la filosofía política de Jenofonte.
Larga vida a la tragedia: ensayo sobre la tragedia y la revolución
Authors: Ramos Colás Álvaro
Published: May 2019

Resumen: en este ensayo se intenta explorar la relación entre tragedia, política y revolución, en especial a través de la escuela culturalista británica. En respuesta a la tesis de la muerte de la tragedia (sostenida por Steiner, entre otros), R. Williams defiende la necesidad de la revolución como arma política y la importancia de la tragedia para su consecución. T. Eagleton asume la necesidad de la revolución y la importancia de la tragedia, pero recurre a las categorías lacanianas para marcar diferencias con su maestro Williams. Clark aporta una visión personal y crítica respecto a ambos, partiendo de una concepción pesimista de la naturaleza humana que toma pie en la tragedia.
Antenarratives and Heteroglossia in Organizational Storytelling:
Authors: Svane Marita
Published: May 2019

The literature on storytelling organizations presents a rich tradition for studying both narratives and living stories. These two storytelling dimensions tends to be viewed in opposition to each other. This paper focus on a third dimension: antenarratives. Antenarratives have two distinct features: they tell the story of the future of the organization in advance of its arrival and, as part of this process, they resolve tensions between narratives and living stories. Applying Bakhtin’s notion of heteroglossia, the purpose of this paper is further to enlighten the antenarrative processes of bridging the gap between narratives and living stories in prospective sensemaking of the future of the organization. Taking into account the quantum turn within social and human sciences and philosophies, the paper aims at enriching our understanding of how human and non-human voices take part in antenarrative processes of creating organizational futures. Antenarratives are therefore further conceptualized in the context of the quantum age. By bringing to the fore essential ecological aspects of Bakhtin’s work and reading these aspects into his notion of heteroglossia, the paper offers a Bakhtinian-inspired lens through which antenarrative human-world relationships can be further enlightened. The paper suggests viewing the organization and its relationship with the environment as a living antenarrative medium creating future worlds in the quantum age. Furthermore, the paper suggests implications for the practice of managing the antenarrative living medium of creating new worlds. The paper advocates the inclusion of ethical, material, embodied and multimodal perspectives on storytelling, thereby advancing a storytelling philosophy in the quantum age.
ISLAMSKO BANKARSTVO - MODELI FINANSIRANJA NA BAZI PARTNERSTVA I PODELE PROFITA
Authors: Budimir Nemanja
Published: May 2019

Islamsko bankarstvo je danas široko rasprostranjen pojam kako u islamskim zemljama,tako i u zapadnim zemljama. Ono označava bankarsku formu i finansije koje nastoje osiguratiusluge klijentima bez kamata. Zagovornici Islamskog bankarstva tvrde da je glavni cilj“riba”, koja je zabranjena po Islamskim zakonima. Šerijetski propisi, na kojima se zasnivaislamsko bankarstvo, zabranjuje upotrebu kamate u poslovanju, pa su upravo iz tog razlogaformirani finansijski i poslovni ugovori, koji pružaju mogućnost finansijerima da ostvarujuprofit na nekamatnim osnovama. Na osnovu mišljenja šerijatskih stručnjaka ključni islamskibankarski ugovori su mušareka i mudareba, koji predstavljaju klasične ugovore o finansiranjuna bazi podele profita i gubitka. Pojavom globalne ekonomske krize koja je pogodila celi svetdolazi i do sve većeg interesovanja za islamskim bankarstvom. Ovaj rad ima cilj da pružiinformacije o specifičnostima islamskog bankarstva, odnosno modelima finansiranja na bazipartnerstva i podele profita. U radu su prikazani osnovni principi islamskog bankarstva,karakteristike mudareba i mušareka ugovora, ali i propisi koji se moraju poštovati prilikomformulisanja ovih ugovora.
PRIMJENA PRINOSNE VRIJEDNOSTI U PROCJENI VRIJEDNOSTI PREDUZEĆA
Authors: Žiravac Mladenović Marijana , Galić Jovana
Published: May 2019

Određivanje vrijednosti preduzeća predstavlja izrazito složen proces koji zahtijeva odprocjenitelja široko teorijsko znanje, kao i praktično iskustvo. Pri samom procjenjivanjupotrebno je da se procjenitelji drže strukovnih pravila, te načela i standarda vrednovanja kakobi procijenjena vrijednost bila što objektivnije određena. Procjena vrijednosti preduzeća vršise sa ciljem stvaranja finansijskih zdravih i za rentabilno poslovanje sposobnih preduzeća,nezavisno od toga ko je njegov vlasnik. Vrijednost preduzeća se može posmatrati sasubjektivnog i objektivnog aspekta. Sa subjektivnog aspekta posmatrana, vrijednostpreduzeća se ocjenjuje prema njegovoj korisnosti za pojedinca, a objektivna vrijednostoblikuje se na osnovu vrijednosti supstance koju utvrđuje nezavisni procenjivač. Pravičnucijenu preduzeća utvrđuje finansijski ekspert u svojstvu arbitra između kupca i prodavca. Onase zato nalazi između objektivne i subjektivne vrijednosti. Razlikuju se knjigovodstvena,tržišna (reprodukciona), prinosna i likvidaciona vrijednost preduzeća. U radu ćemo prikazatiprocjenu vrijednosti preduzeća, primjenom prinosne metode, kako bi se donjela najboljaodluka za vlasnika preduzeća, bilo da se radi o prodaji preduzeća, o spajanju ili odvajanju unovo preduzeće, o privatizaciji ili jednostavno zbog donošenja strateških odluka.
Pronounced social inequality in health-related factors and quality of life in women and men from Austria who are overweight or obese
Authors: Burkert Nathalie Tatjana , Freidl Wolfgang
Published: May 2019

Background

The burden of social inequalities in health as well as the association between obesity with morbidity and mortality is a worldwide problem. Therefore, the aim of our study was to investigate health-related factors, health, and quality of life in Austrian women and men with normal weight, overweight, and obesity with a different socioeconomic status (SES) based on actual data from 2015.

Methods

This representative population-based study was based on self-reported data of 15,338 Austrian adults (8,425 women and 6,933 men) in 2014/2015. Data of the Austrian Health Interview Survey was analyzed stratified by sex and adjusted for age concerning health-related behavior, health, and quality of life.

Results

The results have shown that people with a low SES differ significantly from those of high SES concerning health-related factors (e.g., eating behavior, physical activity), health and impairment due to chronic conditions, as well as quality of life. Obesity in women and men was associated with poorer health-related factors and more chronic conditions as well as unfavorable psychological aspects. In women, the results showed a significant body mass index*SES interaction for impairment due to disorders, the number of chronic conditions and quality of life in the domain of physical health. In men, the interaction was significant regarding alcohol consumption, as well as health impairment. The SES has a strong negative impact on health which implies that people of low SES have more health problems which especially concerns individuals who are obese. Therefore, a continuous target group-oriented, non-discriminatory, interdisciplinary public health program is required, prioritizing women, and men with obesity with a low SES.
Eficácia e seletividade do metribuzin e diuron em pré-transplantio do tomate sob diferentes coberturas vegetais
Authors: Cavalcante Jéssica Karina Guedes , Mendes Kassio Ferreira , Inoue Miriam Hiroko , Santos Paulo Ricardo Junges dos , Fonseca Ana Paula Da Silva , Franco Edyane Luzia Pires
Published: May 2019

O tomate é uma olerícola que apresenta baixa tolerância à maioria dos herbicidas recomendados, fato que limita a utilização de produtos químicos no manejo integrado de plantas daninhas. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia e a seletividade do metribuzin e diuron, aplicados na modalidade pré-transplantio do tomate cultivado sobre diferentes coberturas vegetais. As sementes de tomate cv. IPA 6 foram semeadas em bandejas e transplantadas para os vasos no estádio de duas folhas verdadeiras. As coberturas usadas foram: solo exposto (controle), Urochloa ruziziensis (0,30 t ha-1), Pennisetum glaucum (0,42 t ha-1) e comunidade infestante (0,39 t ha-1), acondicionadas nos vasos antes da aplicação dos herbicidas. A fitotoxicidade dos herbicidas, a altura de plantas e a eficácia dos mesmos foram avaliadas aos 7, 14, 21, 28 e 35 dias após a aplicação (DAA), sendo que no último dia de avaliação também foi mensurada a massa seca de folhas, caule e raízes. Quanto à seletividade, o metribuzin proporcionou injúrias leves de fitointoxicação nas mudas, porém sem refletir em perdas na biomassa seca. Apesar da eficácia, o diuron não foi seletivo ao tomate, causando altos percentuais de fitointoxicação (65 a 100%). Conclui-se que a cobertura do solo com U. ruziziensis, P. glaucum e comunidade infestante complementou a ação de ambos os herbicidas, mas apenas o metribuzin foi seletivo quando aplicado em pré-transplantio do tomate.
Phaeophytin and Triterpenoids from Brachystelma togoense Schltr, a Nigerian Medicinal Herb
Authors: Ekalu Abiche , Ayo Rachael Gbekele-Oluwa , Habila James D. , Hamisu Ibrahim
Published: May 2019

The medicinal herb Brachystelma togoense schtlr (Apocynaceae) is used traditionally for treatment of ailments.   The secondary metabolites, phaeophytin a, α-amyrin and lupeol were isolated from the CH2Cl2 and MeOH extracts of Brachystelma togoense.  The structures were elucidated using 1H, 13C and 2D NMR. These phytochemicals have previously being reported to have various biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-fungal and anti-cancer. The presence of phaeophytin a, α-amyrin and lupeol in Brachystelma togoense justified the use of the plant for medicinal purpose in Nigeria.
Enhanced Biodegradation of Degreaser Using Pseudomonas and Bacillus Species in Fresh Water Ecosystem
Authors: Nrior Renner Renner , Otuogha Indutimi Mathias
Published: May 2019

Aim: The aim of this study is to enhance the biodegradation of degreasers used in upstream sectors of Nigeria Petroleum Industry using bio-augmenting organisms such as: Pseudomonas and Bacillus species in freshwater Ecosystem.

Study Design: This study employs experimental designs, Randomized Block Design treatment set up, statistical analysis of data and interpretation.

Place and Duration of Study: Freshwater sample for this research was collected from Asarama Andoni, in Rivers State, Nigeria. The study lasted for six months.

Methodology: The experimental set-up was carried in 500 ml conical flask with two species of bacteria, two types of degreaser and fresh water sample giving a total of 8 set-up including controls. The Pseudomonas and Bacillus species used in this study were isolated from the freshwater ecosystem and identified using standard microbiological methods. The bioremediation potential of the respective test organisms were monitored at ambient temperature 28±0.2°C for 28 days at a constant interval of 7 days using the following Physiochemical parameter; Total dissolved Solid, Hydrogen concentrations ions and Total Hydrocarbon Content. While the following Microbiological parameters; Total heterotrophic Bacteria, Total Heterotrophic Fungi, Hydrocarbon Utilizing Bacteria, and Hydrocarbon Utilizing Fungi were monitored.

Results: The percentage of degradability of the respective set-ups ranged from Control (Rigwash) (3.29%) < Pseudomonas sp. + Rigwash (27.56%) < Pseudomonas + Bacillus + Rigwash< (31.57%), Bacillus sp.+ Rigwash (37.57%) Control 2 (Aquabreak) (9.45%) < Pseudomonas sp.+ Aquabreak (26.77%) < Pseudomonas + Bacillus + Aquabreak (31.32%)< Bacillus sp.+ Aquabreak (32.46%). Overall evaluation revealed that Bacillus sp. had a higher biodegradation potential on both degreaser (Rigwash and Aquabreak) in freshwater than Pseudomonas sp. Five species of bacteria: Escherichia coli, Micrococcus, Citrobacter, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas species and four fungal species: Penicillium, Mucor, Aspergillus and Rhizopus species were isolated and identified as hydrocarbon utilizing bacteria and fungi organisms respectively.

Conclusion: The results revealed that Bacillus species have more degradability potential than Pseudomonas species for both Aquabreak and Rigwash. These results also indicated the low biodegradation potential of Rigwash in fresh Ecosystem.
Combined use of subclinical hydroxyurea and CHK1 inhibitor effectively controls melanoma and lung cancer progression, with reduced normal tissue toxicity compared to gemcitabine
Authors: Oo Zay Yar , Proctor Martina , Stevenson Alexander J. , Nazareth Deborah , Fernando Madushan , Daignault Sheena M. , Lanagan Catherine , Walpole Sebastian , Bonazzi Vanessa , Škalamera Dubravka , Snell Cameron , Haass Nikolas K. , Larsen Jill E. , Gabrielli Brian
Published: May 2019

Drugs such as gemcitabine that increase replication stress are effective chemotherapeutics in a range of cancer settings. These drugs effectively block replication and promote DNA damage, triggering a cell cycle checkpoint response through the ATR–CHK1 pathway. Inhibiting this signalling pathway sensitises cells to killing by replication stress‐inducing drugs. Here, we investigated the effect of low‐level replication stress induced by low concentrations (> 0.2 mm) of the reversible ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor hydroxyurea (HU), which slows S‐phase progression but has little effect on cell viability or proliferation. We demonstrate that HU effectively synergises with CHK1, but not ATR inhibition, in > 70% of melanoma and non‐small‐cell lung cancer cells assessed, resulting in apoptosis and complete loss of proliferative potential in vitro and in vivo. Normal fibroblasts and haemopoietic cells retain viability and proliferative potential following exposure to CHK1 inhibitor plus low doses of HU, but normal cells exposed to CHK1 inhibitor combined with submicromolar concentrations of gemcitabine exhibited complete loss of proliferative potential. The effects of gemcitabine on normal tissue correlate with irreversible ATR–CHK1 pathway activation, whereas low doses of HU reversibly activate CHK1 independently of ATR. The combined use of CHK1 inhibitor and subclinical HU also triggered an inflammatory response involving the recruitment of macrophages in vivo. These data indicate that combining CHK1 inhibitor with subclinical HU is superior to combination with gemcitabine, as it provides equal anticancer efficacy but with reduced normal tissue toxicity. These data suggest a significant proportion of melanoma and lung cancer patients could benefit from treatment with this drug combination.
A Tumor‐on‐a‐Chip System with Bioprinted Blood and Lymphatic Vessel Pair
Authors: Cao Xia , Ashfaq Ramla , Cheng Feng , Maharjan Sushila , Li Jun , Ying Guoliang , Hassan Shabir , Xiao Haiyan , Yue Kan , Zhang Yu Shrike
Published: May 2019

Current in vitro antitumor drug screening strategies insufficiently mimic biological systems. They tend to lack true perfusion and draining microcirculation systems, which may post significant limitations in explicitly reproducing the transport kinetics of cancer therapeutics. Herein, the fabrication of an improved tumor model consisting of a bioprinted hollow blood vessel and a lymphatic vessel pair, hosted in a 3D tumor microenvironment‐mimetic hydrogel matrix is reported, termed as the tumor‐on‐a‐chip with a bioprinted blood and a lymphatic vessel pair (TOC‐BBL). The bioprinted blood vessel is a perfusable channel with an opening on both ends, while the bioprinted lymphatic vessel is blinded on one end, both of which are embedded in a hydrogel tumor mass, with vessel permeability individually tunable through optimization of the compositions of the bioinks. It is demonstrated that systems with different combinations of these bioprinted blood/lymphatic vessels exhibit varying levels of diffusion profiles for biomolecules and anticancer drugs. The results suggest that this unique in vitro tumor model containing the bioprinted blood/lymphatic vessel pair may have the capacity of simulating the complex transport mechanisms of certain pharmaceutical compounds inside the tumor microenvironment, potentially providing improved accuracy in future cancer drug screening.
Freestanding Borophene and Its Hybrids
Authors: Ranjan Pranay , Sahu Tumesh Kumar , Bhushan Rebti , Yamijala Sharma SRKC , Late Dattatray J. , Kumar Prashant , Vinu Ajayan
Published: May 2019

Borophene, an elemental metallic Dirac material is predicted to have unprecedented mechanical and electronic character. Need of substrate and ultrahigh vacuum conditions for deposition of borophene restricts its large‐scale applications and significantly hampers the advancement of research on borophene. Herein, a facile and large‐scale synthesis of freestanding atomic sheets of borophene through a novel liquid‐phase exfoliation and the reduction of borophene oxide is demonstrated. Electron microscopy confirms the presence of β12, X3, and their intermediate phases of borophene; X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy, corroborated with density functional theory band structure calculations, validate the phase purity and the metallic nature. Borophene with excellent anchoring capabilities is used for sensing of light, gas, molecules, and strain. Hybrids of borophene as well as that of reduced borophene oxide with other 2D materials are synthesized, and the predicted superior performance in energy storage is explored. The specific capacity of borophene oxide is observed to be ≈4941 mAh g−1, which significantly exceeds that of existing 2D materials and their hybrids. These freestanding borophene materials and their hybrids will create a huge breakthrough in the field of 2D materials and could help to develop future generations of devices and emerging applications.
Phase‐Tunable Synthesis of Ultrathin Layered Tetragonal CoSe and Nonlayered Hexagonal CoSe Nanoplates
Authors: Ma Huifang , Wan Zhong , Li Jia , Wu Ruixia , Zhang Zhengwei , Li Bo , Zhao Bei , Qian Qi , Liu Yuan , Xia Qinglin , Guo Guanghua , Duan Xidong , Duan Xiangfeng
Published: May 2019

Multiple structural phases in transition metal dichalcogenides have attracted considerable recent interest for their tunable chemical and electronic properties. Herein, a chemical vapor deposition route to ultrathin CoSe nanoplates with tunable structure phases is reported. By precisely tailoring the growth temperature, ultrathin 2D layered tetragonal CoSe nanoplates and nonlayered hexagonal CoSe nanoplates can be selectively prepared as square or hexagonal geometries, with thickness as thin as 2.3 and 3.7 nm, respectively. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and selected area electron diffraction studies show that both types of nanoplates are high‐quality single crystals. Electrical transport studies reveal that both the tetragonal and hexagonal CoSe nanoplates show strong thickness‐tunable electrical properties and excellent breakdown current density. The 2D hexagonal CoSe nanoplates display metallic behavior with an excellent conductivity up to 6.6 × 105 S m−1 and an extraordinary breakdown current density up to 3.9 × 107 A cm−2, while the square tetragonal nanoplates show considerably lower conductivity up to 8.2 × 104 S m−1 with angle‐dependent magnetoresistance and weak antilocalization effect at lower field. This study offers a tunable material system for exploring multiphase 2D materials and their potential applications for electronic and magnetoelectronic devices.
Reducing Burn‐In Loss of Organic Photovoltaics by a Robust Electron‐Transporting Layer
Authors: Oh Hyerim , Sim Ha‐Bin , Han Seung Hee , Kwon Yong‐Ju , Park Jae Hyun , Kim Myung Hwa , Kim Jin Young , Kim Won‐Suk , Kim Kyungkon
Published: May 2019

It is revealed that instability of interface between photoactive layer and electron‐transporting layer (ETL) is one of the causes of the rapid degradation of organic photovoltaics (OPV) performance during initial operation (burn‐in loss) under the light soaking. The stability of OPV is greatly enhanced by applying a robust ETL composed of TiO2 nanoparticles (TNPs). The TNPs bound with π–π interactive 3‐phenylpentane‐2,4‐dione (TNP–Ph) form more robust ETLs than those bound with van der Waals interactive 3‐methyl‐2,4‐pentanedione TNP (TNP–Me). The OPV with TNP–Ph maintains 73% of its initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after 1000 h of light soaking, whereas the PCE of OPV with TNP–Me substantially reduces to 25% of initial PCE. The impedance analysis reveals that the burn‐in loss is due to increase of resistance at the TNP ETL/photoactive layer interface during the light soaking. The transmission electron microscopy analysis shows that the TNP–Ph maintains most clear and robust interface with photoactive layer after the light‐soaking test. This is attributed to the strong π–π interaction between phenyl rings of TNP–Ph. However, the TNP–Me bound with van der Waals interactive organic ligands penetrates the photoactive layer during the light‐soaking test.
Doubly Coated, Organic–Inorganic Paraffin Phase Change Materials: Zinc Oxide Coating of Hermetically Encapsulated Paraffins
Authors: Mikhaylov Alexey A. , Medvedev Alexander G. , Grishanov Dmitry A. , Sladkevich Sergey , Xu Zhichuan J. , Sakharov Konstantin A. , Prikhodchenko Petr V. , Lev Ovadia
Published: May 2019

A way to benefit from the favorable attributes of both organic microencapsulation, including the hermetic sealing of the organic phase change material (PCM) core, and inorganic microencapsulation, including dispersibility in aqueous and polar solvents and improved thermal conductivity, is outlined. The approach is demonstrated by uniformly coating organic polymer encapsulated PCMs with zinc oxide, which allows thermal percolation through the interconnected inorganic shells. It is demonstrated that hydrogen peroxide sol–gel processing can be used to form such uniform zinc peroxide coatings which are then converted by chemical treatment to zinc oxide shells. The way to overcome different challenges associated with the synthesis of thin film coatings of organic PCMs by zinc oxide are addressed, and the favorable attributes of the new doubly coated PCM capsules are demonstrated.
Arbitrary Manipulation of Light Intensity by Bilayer Aluminum Metasurfaces
Authors: Li Zhancheng , Liu Wenwei , Cheng Hua , Choi Duk‐Yong , Chen Shuqi , Tian Jianguo
Published: May 2019

Realizing the arbitrary manipulation of light intensity on the microscale is a fundamental requirement for the miniaturization and integration of optical devices, which would have a substantial impact in the fields of high‐resolution imaging and information encryption. Metasurfaces, which have unprecedented capabilities for light manipulation, provide an alternative way to achieve this requirement. Here, alignment‐free bilayer metasurfaces composed of aluminum nanorods are utilized to realize full and broadband polarization‐selective transmission of optical waves in the near‐infrared band. By independently adjusting the orientation angle of each nanorod, it is demonstrated that the proposed design is an appealing alternative for realizing arbitrary intensity manipulation of linearly polarized light; further, it is experimentally validated that the proposed bilayer metasurfaces can be widely used for microscale modulation of light intensity, gray imaging with high resolution, optical polarization encoding, and anti‐counterfeiting. The proposed bilayer metasurfaces pave the way for implementing the arbitrary manipulation of light intensity on the microscale.
Designing Molecular Photoswitches for Soft Materials Applications
Authors: Boelke Jan , Hecht Stefan
Published: May 2019

In order to respond to light stimuli, materials and devices thereof must contain a photoresponsive component. Ideally, this response is reversible and can be tuned depending on the desired application. In the context of soft material development, the integration of molecular photoswitches has proven a viable strategy. This Progress Report outlines molecular design principles to successfully transfer beneficial photoswitching performance from solution to the bulk. Selected examples of the most prominently used classes of photoswitches and their use in actuating and self‐healing materials as well as optoelectronic and microfluidic devices are highlighted. The current state of the art is critically discussed with emphasis on both the scientific challenges and the future promise for light‐responsive, smart soft matter technologies.
Improvement of Piezoresistive Properties of Suspended Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Arrays via Selective Trimming
Authors: Zheng Fuzhong , Hu Guangzhong , Liu Zhongbin , Wu Chenguang , Zhang Jie , Yang Xing , Zhou Zhaoying , Wu Ying , Kuang Shuangyang
Published: May 2019

An efficient procedure for the fabrication of highly force‐sensitive aligned and suspended primitive single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) devices is developed. First, an array of individual ultra‐long SWNTs is grown by chemical vapor deposition and suspended between two adjacent Au electrodes adhered on a breakable Si wafer. Armchair metallic SWNTs and low‐resistivity quasi‐metallic SWNTs are then selectively removed from the suspended SWNT array to upgrade the electromechanical mechanism of this type of sensitive device by strain‐based electrical burn‐off. Second, energy band and thermoelectronic emission theories in semiconductor physics are combined to calculate and analyze the effect of the length of the suspended SWNT on the aforementioned burn‐off method. The increase in length of the suspended SWNT section facilitates the easy electromechanical characteristic optimization of the suspended SWNT array. Moreover, the suspended SWNT array has a strong electromechanical response after strain‐based electrical burn‐off with sensitivity (gauge factor) of more than 600, linearity of less than 8.27%, and no hysteresis. Finally, the thermal effect is discussed in terms of this analytical method and experimental results.
Design and Assembly of Reconfigurable 3D Radio‐Frequency Antennas Based on Mechanically Triggered Switches
Authors: Liu Fei , Cheng Xu , Zhang Fan , Chen Ying , Song Honglie , Huang Yonggang , Zhang Yihui
Published: May 2019

Reconfigurable radio frequency (RF) antennas represent a class of antennas whose radiation properties, in particular the working frequency, can be actively tuned to efficiently make use of the crowded frequency spectrum in wireless communications. Researchers have developed several different methods to design and fabricate reconfigurable antennas through use of deformable conducting materials or electrically/optically activated switches. Most of these antennas offer limited performance in terms of the working frequency tunability or the level of flexibility/stretchability. The design of stretchable and reconfigurable 3D RF antennas based on mechanically triggered switches, which leverages controlled compressive buckling to form the devices from patterned 2D precursor structures integrated with an elastomeric substrate, is presented. Theoretical modeling of the buckling process allows a rational design of mechanically triggered switches and reconfigurable antennas with desired activation strains applied to the substrate. Combined experimental and computational studies show that the developed antennas can be tuned to operate at a broad range of discrete frequencies, with a demonstration of the tunability from 2.3 to 7.7 GHz in a dipole‐like design. The design concepts and approaches reported herein could have promising applications in wireless bioelectronic devices.
Single Atoms and Clusters Based Nanomaterials for Hydrogen Evolution, Oxygen Evolution Reactions, and Full Water Splitting
Authors: Sultan Siraj , Tiwari Jitendra N. , Singh Aditya Narayan , Zhumagali Shynggys , Ha Miran , Myung Chang Woo , Thangavel Pandiarajan , Kim Kwang S.
Published: May 2019

The sustainable and scalable production of hydrogen through hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen through oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in water splitting demands efficient and robust electrocatalysts. Currently, state‐of‐the‐art electrocatalysts of Pt and IrO2/RuO2exhibit the benchmark catalytic activity toward HER and OER, respectively. However, expanding their practical application is hindered by their exorbitant price and scarcity. Therefore, the development of alternative effective electrocatalysts for water splitting is crucial. In the last few decades, substantial effort has been devoted to the development of alternative HER/OER and water splitting catalysts based on various transition metals (including Fe, Co, Ni, Mo, and atomic Pt) which show promising catalytic activities and durability. In this review, after a brief introduction and basic mechanism of HER/OER, the authors systematically discuss the recent progress in design, synthesis, and application of single atom and cluster‐based HER/OER and water splitting catalysts. Moreover, the crucial factors that can tune the activity of catalysts toward HER/OER and water splitting such as morphology, crystal defects, hybridization of metals with nonmetals, heteroatom doping, alloying, and formation of metals inside graphitic layered materials are discussed. Finally, the existing challenges and future perspectives for improving the performance of electrocatalysts for water splitting are addressed.
Heat exchanger system boundary regulation
Authors: Ozorio Cassol Guilherme , Ni Dong , Dubljevic Stevan
Published: May 2019

The boundary feedback regulator design for heat exchangers with delayed feedback is developed. Counter‐flow/parallel‐flow heat exchanger systems described by a pair of coupled transport hyperbolic partial differential equations (PDEs) with delayed boundary feedback loop modeled by the boundary time lag are considered. The coupled transport hyperbolic PDEs and boundary delay by application of boundary transformation are transformed in the corresponding linear infinite‐dimensional system utilized in the regulator design. The regulator design initially addresses a full state feedback controller realization augmented by the observer design to achieve simultaneously output exponential stabilization as well as tracking and disturbance rejection of polynomial and/or harmonic type of reference signals. The simulations studies demonstrate the proposed design for counter‐flow and parallel‐flow heat exchangers, two common configurations present in industrial practice.
High frequency and severity of pleural changes in former workers exposed to anthophyllite associated with other contaminating amphibole asbestos in Brazil
Authors: Macedo Ronaldo Ferreira , Cerqueira Elza Maria Figueiras Pedreira , Algranti Eduardo , Silva Dailto , De Capitani Eduardo Mello
Published: May 2019

Objective

To evaluate the frequency and severity of pleuropulmonary alterations in anthophyllite‐exposed former workers in Itapira, São Paulo, Brazil. The amphibole anthophyllite, a magnesium‐iron silicate, had its mining, marketing, and use forbidden in Brazil in 1995.

Methods

Former workers were followed from 1999 to 2011. All completed chest X‐ray interpreted using the International Labour Office (ILO) classification. High‐resolution computed tomography was used at the final evaluation. Spirometry assessed forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), and FEV1/FVC throughout the follow‐up period. Samples from the mined ore were analyzed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM‐EDS).

Results

XRD and SEM‐EDS confirmed the presence in ore of anthophyllite at a concentration of 75%, in addition to tremolite and other amphiboles in lower concentrations. Twenty‐eight subjects were evaluated. Median time of exposure was 3 years (minimum = 1; maximum  = 18; interquartile interval = 1‐4). Twenty cases of pleural abnormalities were diagnosed in 26 evaluated (77%). The average latency time was 25.6 ± 7.4 years. Two individuals (7.7%) showed progressive worsening of diffuse pleural thickening (DPT) and exhibited an annual FVC decrease of 85 mL and 150 mL, respectively.

Conclusion

This small sample showed a very high index of nonmalignant pleural abnormalities in anthophyllite‐exposed workers compared with workers exposed to other kinds of fibers. Rapidly progressive DPT, defined by the severity of pleural compromise, was possibly secondary to the presence of other amphibole types in the inhaled dust. No significant loss of FVC was found in the studied group as a whole. No cases of asbestosis, lung carcinoma, and mesothelioma were diagnosed in this cohort.
Transfer of the health care burden of occupational injuries and diseases from labor insurance to national health insurance in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Wan‐Ju , Chung Pei‐Hua , Cheng Yawen
Published: May 2019

Background

Occupational injury and diseases result in substantial national health care burden. However, medical costs are often transferred to injured workers or the health insurance system. This study aims to examine the health care service utilization patterns of injured workers under the National Health Insurance (NHI) program in Taiwan and the barriers to medical benefit claims from labor insurance workers’ compensation.

Methods

The total amount spent on medical benefits and national health expenditure from 1980 to 2014 was obtained. Workers who have experienced occupational injuries or diseases were identified in four waves of national surveys, and the types of medical care use were compared. In‐depth interviews were conducted with 52 workers who had experienced occupational injuries and diseases.

Results

Since the implementation of the NHI program in 1995, medical benefits from workers’ compensation have dropped substantially. In total, 75% of the workers who experienced occupational injuries or diseases had their medical costs covered through NHI. The time and effort costs caused by barriers against claiming medical benefits from workers’ compensation decreased the incentive for workers from certain socioeconomic groups to make workers’ compensation claims.

Conclusion

Medical costs attributable to occupational injuries or diseases were mainly paid through NHI instead of through labor insurance. The economic burden was partially shifted from employers to workers, taxpayers, and the government.
Effort‐reward imbalance and ambulatory blood pressure among female Las Vegas hotel room cleaners
Authors: Feaster Matthew , Arah Onyebuchi A. , Krause Niklas
Published: May 2019

Background

Effort‐reward imbalance (ERI) was hypothesized to be associated with ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) and pulse pressure (PP) among female hotel room cleaners.

Methods

ERI, ABP, and PP were assessed among 419 cleaners from five hotels during 18 waking hours. Adjusted linear regression models were used to assess associations of ERI with ABP and PP during 18‐hours, work hours, and after work hours.

Results

There was a pattern of higher ERI being associated with higher 18‐hour systolic ABP and 18‐hour PP although the results were imprecise. An increase of ERI by half its range was associated with a 1.6 mmHg (95% CI, −1.6‐4.7) increase in 18‐hour systolic blood pressure (SBP) and a 0.7 mmHg (95% CI, −1.1‐2.5) increase in 18‐hour PP. An increase in rewards by half its range was associated with a 2 mmHg decrease in after‐hours SBP (−2.2, 95% CI, −5.4‐1.0) and after‐hours PP (−1.9, 95% CI, −3.8‐0.0). Among females 45 years or older, ERI was associated with 2.1 and 2.2 mmHg increase in 18‐hour and work hours diastolic ABP, respectively, compared to a 0 mmHg change in 18‐hour and work hours diastolic ABP in younger women. The number of dependents at home attenuated the association.

Conclusions

ERI was positively associated with ABP, particularly SBP, and the association was modified by age and the number dependents at home, although the estimates were imprecise. Workplace interventions that integrate stress management and active ABP surveillance appear warranted. However, larger studies with Latina women need to confirm our results.
Identification of gene ontology and pathways implicated in suicide behavior: Systematic review and enrichment analysis of GWAS studies
Authors: González‐Castro Thelma B. , Tovilla‐Zárate Carlos A. , Genis‐Mendoza Alma D. , Juárez‐Rojop Isela E. , Nicolini Humberto , López‐Narváez María L. , Martínez‐Magaña José J.
Published: May 2019

Multiple large‐scale studies such as genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) have been performed to identify genetic contributors to suicidal behaviors (SB). We aimed to summarize and analyze the information obtained in SB GWAS, to explore the biological process gene ontology (GO) of genes associated with SB from GWAS, and to determine the possible implications of the genes associated with SB in Kyoto encyclopedias of genes and genomes (KEGG) biological pathways. The articles included in the analysis were obtained from PubMed and Scopus databases. Enrichment analyses were performed in Enrichr to evaluate the KEGG pathways and GO of the genes associated with SB of GWAS. The findings of biological process GO analysis showed 924 GO involved in genes related with SB; of those, the regulation of glucose import in response to insulin stimulus, regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane, positive regulation of endopeptidase activity, heterotypic cell–cell adhesion, regulation of cardiac muscle cell contraction, positive regulation of protein localization to plasma membrane, and positive regulation of protein localization to cell periphery biological process GO showed significant statistical association. Furthermore, we obtained 130 KEGG pathways involved in genes related with SB, which Aldosterone synthesis and secretion, Rap1 signaling pathway and arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy pathways showed a significant statistical association. These findings give a better perspective of the biological participation of genes associated with SB, which will be important to perform adequate strategies to prevent and treat SB.
Recent Developments in Stereoselective Chemical Glycosylation
Authors: Ling Jesse , Bennett Clay S.
Published: May 2019

Because of their pivotal biological functions, attention to sugars and glycobiology has grown rapidly in recent decades, leading to increased demand for homogeneous oligosaccharides. The stereoselective preparation of oligosaccharides by chemical means remains challenging and continues to be a vivid research area for organic chemists. In the past decade, new approaches and reinvestigated traditional methods have transformed the field. These developments include novel catalyses, various types of glycosylation modulators and the use of photochemical energy to facilitate glycosylation. This Minireview presents a brief overview of the latest trends in chemical glycosylation, with emphasis on the stereoselective synthetic protocols developed in the past decade.