bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF EMBANKMENTS ON SOFT CLAYS - CASE STUDIES
Authors: Al-shakarchi Yousif J. , Fattah Mohammed Yousif , Al- Shammary Ahmed S. Jawad
Published: March 2024

In order to design structures on soft soils, it is necessary to predict the behavior of the soft soilunder imposed structure load. The high excessive settlements of the soft soil can cause manyproblems for the structures built on the soil like cracking and breakup of pavements, railway,highway embankments, etc...In this work, the finite element method is utilized as a tool for carrying out differentanalyses of embankments on soft ground with different conditions. The computer program CRISP(CRItical State Program) is developed to suit the problem requirements. CRISP uses the finiteelement technique and allows predictions to be made of soil deformations using the critical statetheory.Eight-node isoparametric quadrilateral element has been added to the program. The programwas used to analyze fully coupled (Biot) consolidation of two-dimensional plane strain problems.The finite element predictions of displacements and excess pore water pressures were comparedwith field measurements.It was concluded that the maximum vertical movement occurs below the centerline of theembankment. The settlement decreases slightly as the toe of the embankment is approached anddecreases rapidly as the distance away from the toe increases. Upward movement of the surface farfrom the toe is observed. The maximum horizontal movement occurs near the top boundary. Therate of horizontal movement at the top of the foundation is greater than at the bottom. This behaviormay be due to the flexibility and free movement condition of the vertical boundary in the top half
VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF ROTATING PRE-TWISTED CANTILEVER PLATE BY USING THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD
Authors: Abdullah Oday I.
Published: March 2024

In this paper the finite element method has been used to determine the fundamental naturalfrequencies of a pre-twisted plate mounted on the periphery of a rotating disc. Three dimensional,finite element programs was built using three noded triangular shell element as a discretizationelement for cantilever plate, this element has six degrees of freedom at each node. All formulationsand computations are coded in (FORTRAN-77). The investigation covers the effect of speed ofrotation, disc radius, aspect ratio, pre-twist angle and skew angle on the vibration characteristics ofrotating cantilever plate. For this analysis, the initial stress effect (geometric stiffness) and otherrotational effects except the corioles acceleration effect have been included. The eigenvalues havebeen extracted by using simultaneous iteration technique. Results shown that the naturalfrequencies increase when; angular speed and disc radius are increases
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF INVERTER-FED SINGLE-PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR
Authors: Saleh Ali M. , Kareem Amer O.
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the effects of the presences of harmonics in the exciting voltagewhen using a dc/ac inverter on the performance of a single-phase induction motor, theinvestigation includes theoretical and experimental parts and together with performancecomparison of the motor with the nominal sinusoidal input voltage. The computedperformance of the motor depend on the theoretical equivalent circuits which are modifiedto take into account the existence of harmonics in the inverter output to compute theperformance at each harmonic order. It conclude from the analysis that the pulsating torqueis inherent in single-phase induction motor even when supplied from a sinusoidal voltagesource. Particular attention has been devoted to the pulsating torque when the motor issupplied from an inverter and the most important pulsations have been identified. Thecomparisons of simulation and measured results show good correlation between them inaddition that it highlight and identify the cumulative effects of harmonics on the motorperformance.
أثر الأغلفة الديناميكية على كفاءة الأداء الحراري لأبنية المناطق الحارة الجافة –
Authors: كمونة غادة محمد اسماعيل
Published: March 2024

يتناول البحث موضوع إيجاد أبنية كفوءة مناخياً تتميز أغلفتها البنائية بديناميكية عالية تمكنها من التفاعل والتكامل بتغير المواسم في منطقتنا الحارة - الجافة، إذ أن إستيراد الأفكار المعمارية وظهور التقنيات الجديدة أفرز توجهاً فكرياً وعمرانياً يتعارض وأدنى خصائص هذه المنطقة بيئياً وعمرانياً، ومن ثم نشوء عمارة غير منتمية للواقع البيئي المحيط بها فوقفت على مفترق طرق بين عدم مراعاة البيئة ومجاراة الفكر الغربي وبين الركون للعمارة التقليدية، ومن هنا وجب على المهندس المعماري أن تكون أفكاره وتصاميمه أساسها التفهم العميق لإمكانيات العصر الذي نعيشه من إختيار المواد المناسبة واستثمار ما توصل إليه الآخرون من تقدم تقني ومعرفي ملائم مع الإستفادة والإستلهام من تراثنا المعماري الغني وما يحتويه من فهم شمولي وعميق للمشاكل المناخية، وفى الوقت ذاته تكون هذه الأفكار والتصاميم منتمية لبيئتها ومستفيدة من صفاتها الجغرافية والمناخية وصولاً الى رسم المسارات المستقبلية في إنشاء عمارة متألفة ومتوازنة مع البيئة المحيطة لتحقيق معادلة التوازن الحراري لأبنيتنا ومن ثم نضع العمارة على دربها البيئي الصحيح. ويعالج البحث مشكلته من خلال الموازنة بين توظيف التقنيات الحديثة وبصورة مبسطة من جهة، وبين استخدام طرق التصميم المناخي الطبيعي من جهة أخرى لإنشاء أبنية ديناميكية تحاكي التقلبات المناخية القاسية في المناطق الحارة الجافة على مدار العام، وبالتالي رفع مستوى التصاميم المعمارية المستقبلية للأبنية، لكونها أبنية تستقرى المستقبل وتحاكيه وتتفاعل معه مسبقاً بمعلومات الحاضر وبنفس الوقت تستلهم من عمارة الماضي وتوظفها بأسلوب معاصر، وصولاً إلى تكوين عمارة متكيفة مع الظروف المناخية المحيطة وقادرة على الصمود في المستقبل. وتأتي أهمية موضوع البحث هنا في كونه يدعم الإهتمام العالمي بالتكنولوجيا الحديثة وفي الوقت ذاته يحاكي العمارة التقليدية من خلال إنشاء أبنية ديناميكية مستجيبة للتقلبات المناخية المحيطة.
TRANSMISSION OF A MULTIPLEXED EIGHT CHANNELS SUBCARRIER OPTICALLY INTENSITY MODULATED BASED ON MICROCONTROLLER
Authors: Mohammed Husam A. , Kbashi Hani J.
Published: March 2024

An optical fiber communication system for transmitting eight time division multiplexed analog signals each of bandwidth of 500 Hz was designed and implemented. The system utilizes the 8051 microcontroller as a parallel to serial converter in the transmitter side and parallel to serial converter in the receiver side inaddition to the control process of the multiplexer and demultiplexer in both sides and for serial transmission via its RS232. The transmitted signal is subcarrier intensity modulated using the Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) modulation technique with a carrier of 20 MHz. A laser diode of the type HFCT-5205 at 1300 nm wavelength was used as an optical carrier generator with an emitted optical power of -10 dBm, and a HFCT-S205 InGaAs/InP PIN Photodiode with responsivity of 0.36 A/W at the receiver side. A single mode fiber of (42 km) length was used as a tranasmission channel. This system can be utilized in the TDM fiber telephone lines often operating at higher rates such as T3 (44.7 Mbps), T3C (91 Mbps) and above.
THE USE OF DENTAL RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGE ANALYSIS IN IDENTIFICATION OF DECEASED INDIVIDUALS
Authors: Basheer Hana' S. , Hindy Ahmed A.H.
Published: March 2024

Dental records recently used in forensic medicine to help in human identification, based mainly on radiograph images. The aim of our study is to automate this process, using image analysis and pattern recognition techniques. Postmortem radiographs, including dental radiographs, with a database of ante mortem radiographs searching, in order to get the closest match with respect to some distinct features. Contours of teeth are used as the feature for matching, since they remain more invariant over time compared to some other features of the body. The work ineludes two stages: radiograph segmentation, with pixel classification, and contour matching Probability model is used to describe the distribution of object pixels in the image. Results of retrievals on a database of over 40 images are encouraging.
EXPERIMENTAL PERSPECTIVE ASSESSMENTS FOR A PROPER REFRIGERANT ALTERNATIVE TO R-22 IN A WINDOW-TYPE AIR CONDITIONING UNIT
Authors: Tarrad Ali Hussain , Salim Ameera Yaseen
Published: March 2024

The present research is concerned with the future phase-out of halocarbon types of refrigerants used in the vapor compression refrigeration systems. A window-type air conditioner is selected for the tests to be conducted with two different refrigerants. It is well known that these cooling units are wide spread in their applications and are circulating R-22 as a refrigerant. It is intended to replace this type of refrigerant by another type which is considered to be as environmental friendly refrigerant for smooth operation. The refrigerant selected for this object was R-407C for its favorable thermal properties and acceptable pressure and temperature ranges. The effect of replacing this refrigerant as a substitute on the performance of the cooling unit was studied. The performance characteristics comprise of cooling capacity ( ), power consumed by the compressor ( ) and the coefficient of performance (COP) of the air conditioning unit were obtained. The results showed that the pressure ratio of the R-407C for a proper operation was higher than that of the R-22 by a mean value of (13) %. The power consumed per ton ofrefrigeration by the unit when circulating R-407C was about (19) % greater than the R-22 valuesfor the whole range of tests. Further, the experimental work has revealed that the actual COP of theunit was reduced by (17) % when circulating the alternative R-407C for the test conditions. The results also showed that this alternative for the present refrigerant with existing cooling unit requires the attention to the mass flow rate of refrigerant circulated and the pressure and temperature ranges throughout the system.
الادراك البصري للفضاء الداخلي في مستشفيات الاطفال
Authors: العلوان هدى عبد الصاحب , الخالدي وديان هشام عبد الله
Published: March 2024

مثل الأطفال شريحة مهمة في المجتمع بوصفهم أهم مقومات بنائه، ومن ثم فإن مسؤولية توفير أفضل خدمات الرعاية الصحية لهم على وفق الطريقة الملائمة لاعمارهم تقع على عاتق المجتمع بكافة مؤسساته، لذا إنصب احتمام المخططين والمهندسين المعماريين وعلماء النفس والاجتماع على حد سواء في طرح الاعتبارات الرئيسة عند تصميم البيئة الداخلية المرافق للرعاية الصحية للأطفال، لتحقيق بيئة علاجية تسهم في التخفيف من حدة الألم والخوف والقلق عند الطفل فضلا عن تعزيز الإحساس بالأمن والسلامة لديه مما يسهم في سرعة شفاته وتقليل مدة اقامته في المستشفى. وتلعب المثيرات (Stimuli) دوراً رئيسياً في تصميم الفضاء الداخلي في مستشفيات الاطفال لما لها من تأثير مباشر على الحواس يسهم في خلق الاجواء الصحية والنفسية الملائمة للعلاج الطبي أن توظيف المثيرات الحسية ولاسيما البصرية (الضوء، اللون الاعمال الفنية المناظر الطبيعية الإشارات والرموز .... الخ) في الفضاءات الداخلية يحفز الاطفال على حب المكان والحركة واللعب والتخيل فيه فضلاً عن خلق جو امن مرح يطمئن فيه الطفل وينسى مخاوفه والامه.. لقد تحددت مشكلة البحث بالحاجة العلمية للتعرف على دور المثيرات الحية البصرية في إدراك البيئة الداخلية المستشفيات الأطفال، إذ يهدف البحث الحالي إلى الكشف عن أسس تأثير تلك المثيرات الحسية، والوصول إلى انموذج معماري مستقبلي لابنية مستشفيات الاطفال بشكل خاص والابنية الخاصة بالاطفال بشكل عام، مقترضا تأثر إدراك البيئة الداخلية المستشفيات الأطفال بالمثيرات الحسية عامة والمنبهات البصرية خاصة، التي لها أثر نفسي إيجابي عند الأطفال يسهم في تسريع العملية الشفائية لقد تطلب تحقيق الهدف بناء الاطار النظري للبحث ومن ثم تطبيق الإطار على بينات معمارية منتخبة بهدف اختبار صحة الفرضية ثم استخلاص اس تأثير المثيرات الحسبة البصرية وآلياتها.. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة الأهمية الفاعلة المؤشرات اللون و الضوء الطبيعي والمناظر الطبيعية ووجود الاشارات في ممرات المستشفى وأثرها في إيجاد الطفل الطريقة واستخدام التعابير البصرية للتقليل من محاوف الطفل. كما أفرزت الاستنتاجات النهائية اهمية الدور التصميمي للبيئة المحيطة في أماكن العلاج الذي يساعد الاطفال على تحمل الضغط والتوتر الناجم عن المرض وبما يحقق الاجواء الملائمة للتكامل بين العقل والجسد والروح ضمن بيئة المستشفى
A DEVELOPED MODIFIED OSAP CONTROLLER WITH REPETITIVE CONTROL ACTION FOR UPS
Authors: Marouf Azzam A. , Abdel Razzak Sameer A.
Published: March 2024

In this work, a developed modified one sampling ahead preview (OSAP) controller with repetitive control action for single – phase voltage source PWM inverters used in (UPS) systems is proposed. The proposed technique minimizes largely the plant modeling errors resulted from simplification made to obtain a linear discrete - time plant model. In addition, due to the repetitive control action, this digital control scheme can minimize the steady-state error and periodic distortions caused by nonlinear cyclic loads. Hence, the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) will be reduced. This technique utilizes a switching frequency greater than the sampling frequency, yielding additional minimization in the plant modeling errors. As the sampling frequency is less than the switching frequency, it is possible to implement this controller on a low speed microcontroller. Plant model and theoretical analysis of the control scheme are discussed. Simulation results are presented to verify the performance of the proposed approach under different load conditions.
ENTROPY METHOD AS CRITERIA FOR ANALYSIS A STEAM POWER PLANT
Authors: Hasan Moayed Razoki
Published: March 2024

In this paper a theoretical analysis of South Baghdad and Dura power plant is carried out according to second law of thermodynamic depending on entropy (irreversibility coefficient or lost work) method instead of exergy (availability) method. In the used entropy method. The power plant is divided into main blocks ( boiler, turbine, condenser, and feed water heater and pumps ). The irreversibility losses and coefficient for each block are calculated and then the overall irreversibility and thermal efficiency of the plant are calculated. The results of this work are compared with previous results, that depending on exergy method. The comparison of results show that both methods give approximately the same results since both of them rely the 2nd law of thermodynamic. Entropy method is simple and intellectually and intuitively satisfying and giving direct relationship between components losses of power plant and its overall efficiency.
MODELING OF INDUCTION HEATING PROCESS OF A CONDUCTING FERROMAGNETIC MATERIALS
Authors: Batti Akram F. , Abood Fadhil A. , Ahmad Adil H. , Abdul-Baki Essam M.
Published: March 2024

This research deals with a modeling of the heating process of an induction furnace with a conducting ferromagnetic core. This is done by performing a sequential coupling between two types of analysis; the harmonic electromagnetic analysis and the transient thermal analysis in order to furnish a complete numerical simulation of this device. The time elapsed to apply this procedure will be too long and unreasonable because of the consideration of the nonlinearity of the magnetic circuit. This problem is solved by the idea of the "Effective Relative Permeability", which is a constant relative permeability equivalent to the nonlinear one in calculating the eddy current losses.The Finite Element Method (FEM) is considered in order to solve this problem using the "ANSYS "computer package. An efficient coupling program deals with heat treatment procedure for any axi-symmetrical non-linear work piece has been built. The obtained results show a good agreement with the published practical measurements. This algorithm is a computer aided design for a nonlinear induction furnace with rotational symmetry, hence it can be used to design such devices instead of the traditional trial and error, experience dependant, design methods which lead to a costly and time wasting design.
WATER CONING IN ASMARY RESERVOIR-FAUQI FIELD
Authors: Saleh Talib A. , Khalaf Shaker M.
Published: March 2024

Water coning in oil wells is one of the most serious problem because when the water reach to perforated zone, it will be produced with oil. Water with oil will form other problems in refinery, such as corrosion, and it will affect the purity of different petroleum products.The present work deals with fauqi field Asmari reservoir which is an active water drive reservoir.An empirical equation has been proposed to calculate the critical production rate. This equation is obtained by regression of the data which are collected from Missan oil field. The proposed equation gives better results than Schools and Myer equations when compared with the actual production rate.
BEARING CAPACITY OF SHALLOW FOOTING ON SOFT CLAY IMPROVED BY COMPACTED CEMENT DUST
Authors: Al-Mosawe Mosa J. Aziz , Albusoda Bushra S. , Yaseen Azhar S.
Published: March 2024

Low bearing capacity of weak soil under shallow footings represents one of construction problems. Kaolin with water content converges to liquid limit used to represent the weak soil under shallow footing prototype. On the other hand, cement dust, which can be defined as undesirable industrial waste material come from cement industry, was used to improve the bearing capacity of the soft soil considered in this research. The soft soil was prepared in steel box (36×36×25) cm and shallow square footing prototype (6×6) cm were used .Group of physical and chemical tests were conducted on kaolin and cement dust. The improvement were performed by making trench under the footing filled with compacted cement dust (at its optimum moisture content) at three depths (D=B, D=2B, D=3B), the trench had the same footing Dimensions, note that (B) represent the footing width. Pressure-settlement curves were used to predict the ultimate bearing capacity. The improvement ratio in bearing capacity was calculated by comparing the ultimate bearing capacity value when testing the kaolin alone with its value of kaolin improved with compacted cement dust at the same value of eccentricity. It is important to note that eccentricity values were chosen according to the rule of middle third of footing base(i.e.,e≤B/6). The improvement ratio was about (197%) in average value, that represent a good ratio of improvement.
ECG CLASSIFICATION USING SLANTLET TRANSFORM AND ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Abou-Loukh Sadiq J. , Zeyad Tarik , Thabit Rasha
Published: March 2024

Automatic detection and classification of cardiac arrhythmias is important for diagnosis of cardiac abnormality. This paper shows a method to accurately classify ECG arrhythmias through a combination of slantlet transform and artificial neural network (ANN). The ability of the slantlet transform to decompose signal at various resolutions allows accurate extraction of features from non-stationary signals like ECG. The low frequency coefficients, which contain the maximum information about the arrhythmia, were selected from the slantlet decomposition. These coefficients are fed to a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) artificial neural network which classifies the arrhythmias. In the present work the ECG data is taken from standard MIT- BIH database. The proposed system is capable of distinguishing the normal sinus rhythm and nine different arrhythmias. The overall accuracy of classification of the proposed approach is 98.40 %. Three other transformation methods are used and the accuracy of the classification of each was compared with the slantlet system accuracy. These transformation methods are: the Fourier transform which gives 67.80% accuracy, the discrete cosine transform which gives 92.72% accuracy, and the wavelet transform (using Haar and Daubechies-4 scaling function coefficients, which give an accuracies of 96.02% and 96.25% respectively).
MEASUREMENT THE FLUORESCENCE PARAMETERS OF THE OLIVE OIL AND COMPARING IT WITH SOME LASER DYE MATERIALS
Authors: AL – Dergazly Anwaar A. , Mohammed Omar N.
Published: March 2024

The verse (35) in SURA (AL- Nur) in the HOLY QURAN has inspired the author to look into the possibility of using Olive Oil as active dye laser material. Olive Oil which is classified as organic compound, having a good properties candidate it to be used as active dye laser material. The emission spectrum diagrams at some of absorption peaks (414, 536, 632 and 670) nm will be measured. These diagrams have been used to determine the Fluorescence quantum yield, Oscillator strength, Einstein coefficients for the spontaneous emission, Radiative and Fluorescence lifetime and absorption and cross sections. It has been found that fluorescence occurs at 669 nm for the entire absorption spectrum. Fluorescence of Olive Oil has been experimented using 30mW, 532nm semiconductor laser, with a beam diameter of 1.3mm. Red fluorescence has been noticed over a distance of 7cm in a glass container.
RESIDUAL STRESS DISTRIBUTION FOR A SINGLE PASS WELD IN PIPE
Authors: Jameel Adnan N. , Abid Al-Sahib Nabeel K. , Abd Al Latteef Osama F.
Published: March 2024

Heat input due to the welding of mild steel pipe causes a temperature gradient in the parent metal. After welding and temperature cooling down, residual stresses appear around welding zone which reduces the weld strength. Residual stresses are a result of the temperature gradient and the dependency of material properties on the temperature, such as yield strength, elasticity modulus, and thermal expansion coefficient.In this study, a typical flat joint of a single pass weld in a thin pipe was studied analytically and numerically. Analytical approach is performed by exploring a simple method to calculate the magnitude of residual stress in terms of the weld shrinkage behavior. Numerical analysis is performed by applying non-linear transient heat transfer analysis using welding parameters, such as heat generation, free or force convection with ambient, are performed using a general purpose FE package ANSYS 8.0 in order to obtain the temperature distribution in the welded parts. A non-linear thermal-elastic-plastic stress analysis is then performed using the same package to predict the stress fields during and after welding.
CALCULATION OF VOLUMETERIC AND THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES FOR PURE HYDROCARBONS AND THEIR MIXTURES USING CUBIC EQUATIONS OF STATE
Authors: Hamad-Allah Sameera M. , Reshag Munqith N.
Published: March 2024

The objective of this study was to develop a complete package for prediction of volumetric and thermodynamic properties of pure hydrocarbons fluids and their mixtures in one and two phase regions. Two cubic equations of state that are Peng-Robinson and Soave-Redlich-Kwong were used with volatile and black oils respectively to calculate the desired properties in addition to bubble point and dew point pressures and temperatures. Different values of binary interaction parameter were used for each equation and effects of this parameter values on the prediction are examined. Also values of this parameter between the plus-fraction and other component have been evaluated for first time. In calculation of heat capacity, four different mixing rules have been proposed to evaluate the temperature derivatives in case of the mixtures. Wide comparisons with the literature experimental data were made which indicated that both equations of state predict accurately different properties and marked improvements are achieved by use binary interaction parameter other than zero. Also both equations predict bubble point pressure of a certain mixture approximately with same accuracies using the recommended values of binary interaction parameter. Among the proposed mixing rules, Kay’s one appeared the best one to determine temperature derivatives.
USING PROGRAMMING APPLICATION TO SOLUTION THE DIFFICULT AWARD OF CONTRACTS (SUPPLIED- CONSTRUCTION)
Authors: حسن صدى عبد الخالق
Published: March 2024

The research aims to use the computer and it's potential to identify and choose the best offers submitted by companies contracting with the third-expected increases in the wages of labor and prices of building materials and the large variability in the impact of the inability of many of the construction to complete the implementation of the specific time or the estimated cost and thus create a lot of problems executive, which affected the speed and quality of works. A good management and good planning through implementation to reflect the realities and possibilities of each of the contracting companies to tender for any contract so a knowledge of possibilities of each company and compare it with the other , according to the mechanism in the desired implementation , depending on the nature of each project if we were able to optimize( cost , duration , quality ) the selection of the presentations developed by the companies and thus the achievement of the project , including and appraiser of the cost , quality and needed time . The research has dealt with the items and factors of success of the trade-off between the companies to choose the best offer depending on the factors instrumental to the selection and identification of a percentage and in accordance with the increases Field of personal interviews with many of the professionals and the process of opening and analysis of tenders and the number of software made in the hands of the user the best way to differentiate between companies on the basis of cost or duration , or the quality and efficiency of the company , calculated in accordance with the factors previously or by including the budget allocated according to percentage of each individual of items ( cost , duration , quality ) and by political department raised the auction and the type of project , as well as to identify the type of auction is it a construction or the establishment .
HYDRODYNAMIC AND THERMAL TWO DIMENSIONAL BOUNDARY LAYERS DEVELOPMENT BETWEEN ROTATING TURBINE BLADES
Authors: Hussain Ihsan Y. , Salih Taif H.
Published: March 2024

The hydrodynamic and thermal boundary layers have great effect on the fluid flow and heat transfer between rotating turbine blade. In the present work, the flow and heat transfer is analyzed numerically by solving two dimensional incompressible boundary layer equations. A ( k – ε ) turbulence modeling is used to obtain the eddy viscosity. The finite volume method is introduced to carryout all computational solution with staggered grid arrangement. Due to complex physical domain the original coordinate system is transferred to non orthogonal coordinate system. The calculation of present work done for rotating two dimensional turbine cascade with different rotating speeds (1500 rad/s, 1800 rad/s, 1900 rad/s), and for different Reynolds number (5000, 10000, 100000), in subsonic flow (M<1). The two dimension fluid flow is described by presenting plots of vector and contour mapping for the velocity; pressure and heat transfer fields as well as Nusselt number variation. The results were verified through a comparison with published duct results, good agreement was obtained. The final results were then compared with published results for turbine blades and good agreement was also obtained, the overall comparison show good agreement.
THE EFFECT OF VARIATION OF NONLINEAR LOAD ON POWER FACTOR OF THE AC SUPPLY NETWORK
Authors: Abdulsada Mohammed Abdulla , Al-killidar Ali A. , Al-Azawi Ziad
Published: March 2024

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of the converter system on the power factor of the supply network .Therefore a 3-phase, 6-pulse , bridge converter is assembled and connected to a power supply through a 3-phase ac voltage regulator .The theoretical analysis is simulated using Fourier series analysis and Fast Fourier Transform ( FFT ) algorithm . The experimental measurements of distortion factor , displacement factor and total power factor are recorded . The experimental results are shown to be coincident with the theoretical results. The consideration of power factor improvement relative to distortion and displacement factors is discussed.
INFLUENCE OF LENS ON MIGRATION OF DENSE NON-AQUEOUS PHASE LIQUID IN SATURATED ZONE
Authors: Kassim Waleed M. S. , Al-Dulaimi Ayad A. H. , Hussein Tamara Kawther
Published: March 2024

This study concerns the control of movement of Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) in saturated zone in the presence of relatively low permeability lens. A two-dimensional, finite-difference numerical model for the simultaneous movement of the DNAPL and water through the saturated zone of the soil is developed. The system is, actually, a three fluid phase system (water, DNAPL and air) but in the derivation of the model, air was treated as an immobile phase at constant atmospheric pressure. The flow equations for Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid and water are cast in terms of the wetting and non-wetting fluid pressure heads respectively. The finite- difference equations are solved fully implicitly using Newton-Raphson iteration scheme with a Taylor series expansion to treat the nonlinearity. The present numerical results are compared with results of Kueper and Frind (1991b). The results of all tests showed that the presence of lens controls the vertical movement of Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) in heterogeneous porous medium.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF FATIGUE CHARACTERISTICS OF LAMINATED COMPOSITE PLATES
Authors: Jweeg Muhsin J. , Al-Hilli Ali Hussain , Suker Hussain Mohan
Published: March 2024

The fatigue damage is a dangerous and could be considered as the most unwanted failure in the materials that are used to construct the engineering components. As composites take an advanced position in the industry of aircraft, marine and many other high performance components, because of their high ability and their light weight and for their strength, this forces us to find the deformation and data to give a good expectation for the composite behavior under fatigue and other types of damage. In this study the material used is the glass fiber with a polyester resin; the experiment used a device to force the composite to be under a bending fatigue through specified deflection and then the force is measured. The results for different values of imposed deflection and different thicknesses are presented, as S-N curves and in a logarithmic way.nFractography has been used to characterize the fatigue damage in the composite, it is shown that the fatigue damage in the composite is a complex, interactive damage process and combines between several damage mechanisms such as delamination, fiber breakage, matrix cracking and fiber matrix debounding.
OPTIMIZATION OF DEM INTERPOLATION
Authors: Ali Hussain Zaydan , AL- Akaby Ahmed Kasim Hameed
Published: March 2024

Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) are simply regular grids of elevation measurements over the land surface. DEMs are mainly extracted by applying the technique of stereo measurements on images available from photogrammetry and remote sensing. DEMs play a vital role in many scientific, environmental, engineering as well as military applications which need accurate and dense DEMs. However, generating a dense and accurate DEM comes with the price of spending both time and money on the field measurements. Fortunately, advanced space technology has provided much single (if not stereo) high resolution satellite imageries almost worldwide with the available global or local DEMs. This study included evaluating both DEM produced from topographic map and raster DEM after resolution enhancement by using single satellite image. According to the results of these experiments, a strategy was proposed for using the reflectance data to enhance the accuracy of DEM interpolation. The proposed the reflectance data models were implemented in a software package and successfully tested.
EFFECT OF MINERAL FILLER TYPE AND CONTENT ON PROPERTIES OF ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXES
Authors: Asmael Noor M.
Published: March 2024

Some of the newly constructed highway pavements in Iraq have shown premature failures with consequential negative impacts on both roadway safety and economy. Major types of these failures are permanent deformation (rutting) and cracking. Fillers were suspected to be a major contributor to these failures. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of new different fillers extracted from different local sources on the performance of asphalt mixtures. The effect of filler type and content on the failures potential of asphalt concrete as well as other mixes properties was investigated. A detailed laboratory study is carried out by preparing asphalt mixtures specimens using aggregate from Al-Taji quarry, (40-50) grade asphalt from dourah refinery and three different types of fillers (Portland cement, Silica fume, and Fly ash) were tested in the laboratory. Marshal Mix design was made using all types of fillers and different ratios to evaluate the performance of different types and filler quantities in the asphalt mixture. The mechanical properties of mixes were studied using indirect tensile strength, creep and marshal tests. Three different tests temperature (15,30,45C°) were employed in the indirect tensile test to investigate the susceptibility of these mixes to change in temperature. Results of this study indicate that replacement of Portland cement by 9.8% of silica fume aggravates resistance of the mixes to rutting and cracking. Furthermore, coal fly ash cannot be used as mineral filler in hot mix asphalt paving applications.
DYNAMIC BEHAVIOR OF NON - RETURN VALVES OPERATING AT SMALL OPENING
Authors: Al-Asadi Ali A.M. , Lafta Hameed D. , Abbas Ali W.
Published: March 2024

In the present work a general dynamic behavior of non return valves subjected to jet flow is presented. The differential equations of valve motion and discharge were developed in a non-dimensional from, in terms of suitable dimensionless variables and parameters of the valve system.The derived equations are coupled nonlinear differential equations. Thus, a computer program was developed using a package called (MatLab) to solve these equations. The study shows that there are three types of the valve responses depending on the overall hydrostatic pressure difference and it is found that the valve vibrating at a constant limit cycle, which is leading to the failure of the system. It is also shown that the limit cycle frequency decreases with increasing the stiffness parameter and inertia factor. Finally the study shows that the losses factor has negligible effect on valve vibration and discharge.
VERTICAL VIBRATIONS OF BASE ISOLATED MACHINEFOUNDATIONS
Authors: Mahmood Thmir K. , Awad Salim Y.
Published: March 2024

Vibration of base isolated machine foundations has been studied using the ScaledBoundary Finite Element Method (SBFEM) and the cone model method. Thedynamic stiffness of soil supporting rigid massless foundation was determined. Thisstiffness is of complex value. The real part represents the reflected energy of therestoring and inertial forces while the imaginary part represents the energy dissipatedwithin the endless extent of the soil as a geometric damping. The effect of geometricand material properties of soil upon the real and imaginary parts of the dynamicstiffness was determined and represented in terms of dimensionless charts for thefrequency range of interest. Results have shown that increasing the embedment ratiohas a significant effect on the dynamic stiffness, it increases the dynamic stiffnessconsiderably. The effect of stiffness ratio(stiffness of isolator/ stiffness of soil) wasdemonstrated for isolated machine foundations. The use of soft isolators reduces thedynamic response of foundation and the soil reaction
NEURAL NETWORKS FOR ESTIMATING THE CERAMIC PRODUCTIVITY OF WALLS
Authors: Mohammed Sawsan Rasheed , Tofan Ali Sabri
Published: March 2024

Productivity estimating of a construction operation is an essential tool for the successful completion of the construction process. Productivity of a construction operation is defined as output of the system per unit of time. In this research Artificial Neural Networks approaches are presented. The main reason for using neural nerworks for construction productivity estimation is the requirement of performing complex mapping of environment and management factors to productivity. A generic description of the artificial neural networks model is provided, followed by summarized factors that affect ceramic labor productivity, then neural-network model are developed for Estimating ceramic walls productivity, the input data for the model based on experienced superintendents employed by a leading construction general contractor, test results show that the ANN approach can produce a sufficiently accurate estimate with a limited data-collection effort, and thus has the potential to provide an efficient tool for construction productivity estimation.
FORCED CONVECTION THERMAL BOUNDARY LAYER DEVELOPMENT IN A POROUS MEDIA NEAR A WALL WITH VARIABLE TEMPERATURE BOUNDARY CONDITION
Authors: Ali Luma F.
Published: March 2024

The behavior of forced convection heat transfer characteristics through and over porous layer near aheated flat plate at variable temperature has been investigated numerically. Two cases of variable walltemperature boundary condition are studied. The first case is of linear temperature variation with positionalong the flat plate and the second case is of sinusoidal temperature variation with time of heating. The flow field in the porous region is governed by the Darcy-Brinkman-Forchheimer equation, the thermal field in the porous region by the energy equation and the part over the porous matrix includes flow and heat transfer equations. Solutions of the problem have been carried out using a finite difference method through the use of a stream function-vorticity transformation. The effects of various governing dimensionless parameters, Darcy number, Reynolds number, Prandtle number as well as the inertia parameter are thoroughly explored. The variation of the non-dimensional period and amplitude values of the sinusoidal temperature distinction with time was also studied. Good results were obtained and reported graphically. It was found that the local Nusselt number on the flat plate increases with the increasing of the increasing non-dimensional values of period and amplitude individually.
DC MOTOR SPEED CONTROLLER DESIGN USING POLE ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUE FOR INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION
Authors: Ismail Kais S. , Tuaimah Firas Mohammed , Hummadi Ruba Al-Mulla
Published: March 2024

pole assignment technique specifies all closed-loop poles. Such a system where the reference input always zero is called a regulator system. The problem of shifting the regulator poles (closed-loop poles) at the desired location is called pole assignment problem, and this can be done if and only if the system is completely state controllable. Controller's objective is to maintain the speed of rotation of the motor shaft with a particular step response. Results obtained were compared with another controller applied to the DC motor based on Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control. The controller was designed and tested using MATLAB 7 programming language.
AN E-LEARNING PACKAGE FOR DATA STRUCTURE USING VISUAL BASIC
Authors: Kassim Yasmin M.
Published: March 2024

E-learning comprises all forms of electronically supported teaching and learning. The information andcommunication system, whether networked or not, serve as specific media to implement the learningprocess; Computer based learning is one of the applications and processes of E-learning, sometimesabbreviated to CBL, refers to the use of computers as a key component of the educational environment [2]. Through my teaching, I found that there is a need for software learning packages at the lab to help students understand their courses especially in the subjects that need imagination like data structure. This research presents a data structure learning package for array and linear structure. Linear structure covers non-linked structure (stack and queue) and linked structure with their kinds.Through out this project the students can obtain a demonstration of how data structure is represented in memory. Most of the windows consist of three tabs, the first one is the information tab which contains all the information about the structures. The second tab contains all the operations performed on it and there is an ability to display all the operations in one executable program (full program), which receives inputs from the students, the students can enter different inputs according to the choices displayed and produce output after implementing by C++ program. The third tab contains exercises for the students to test their ability in understanding and after completing all the questions the package gives a score depending upon solutions. The package includes pictures and demos (movies) that represent the data structure implemented with 3D Max, finally all the windows are supplied with voice (my voice) to teach the students how to use the package.
Experimental Investigation of the Surface Roughness for Aluminum Alloy AA6061 in Milling Operation by Taguchi Method with the ANOVA Technique
Authors: Mahmood Nashwan Q. , Tahir Yad F. , Hikmat Mohammed , Abdulsatar Mohammed S. , Baumli Peter
Published: March 2024

The surface roughness of the machined parts is the most important parameter to predict the performance of mechanical components. Moreover, predicting the optimal machining parameters conditions is the preferable method for cost reduction and achieving the desired surface quality of the product. This study investigates three cutting parameters, such as depth of cut, spindle speed, and feed for the milling aluminium alloy AA6061, to predict the surface roughness quality. The experimental work utilized a manual milling machine with a coated carbide cutter. Furthermore, the experiments were arranged using the Taguchi L9 orthogonal array (OA) method. The average surface roughness (Ra) was measured and converted to signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio and then analyzed in the statistical method of analysis of variance (ANOVA). Finally, the optimal combination set speed, feed, and depth of cut was 2400 rpm, 30 mm/min, and 0.5 mm, respectively. Also, according to the ANOVA test, the most influential parameter was the spindle speed among the selected parameters, with the highest P value of (66.42%). In comparison, the lowest P value is a depth of cut (5.34%). Furthermore, spindle speed was the only significant factor statistically. By selecting a high spindle speed (2400 rpm), surface quality was enhanced, but the preferable level was low for depth of cut and feed.
The Effect of Nano-Hydrated Lime on the Durability of Hot Mix Asphalt
Authors: Aljbouri Hawraa J. , Albayati Amjad K.
Published: March 2024

Recently, some of Iraq's newly constructed asphalt concrete pavements showed premature failures with significant negative impacts on roadway safety and the economy. Using Nano hydrated lime (NHL) in pavement construction could be one of the possible steps to improve pavement durability. This article discusses how NHL affects the durability of hot mix asphalt. NHL was added in two methods to the asphalt concrete mixture for the wearing course. The first is the dry method, i.e., on the aggregate, whereas the second is the wet addition method, i.e., to the bitumen. The percentages were tried for each additional method; 1, 2, and 3% by weight of aggregate for the dry method and 0.5, 1, and 1.5% by weight of asphalt concrete for the wet method. The optimum asphalt cement contents were evaluated using the Marshall procedure. Asphalt concrete mixes were prepared at their optimum asphalt content and then tested to evaluate their durability properties, including moisture damage and permanent deformation. These properties have been evaluated using indirect tensile strength and uniaxial repeated loading tests. The results show that the NHL has improved the permanent deformation characteristics and resistance to moisture susceptibility.
The development of China piano music based on the cultural differences between China and the West
Authors: Yingluo Wei
Published: March 2024

China's piano music is in contact and fusion with national music culture and language culture, which gave birth to modern vocal music art in China. Based on the cultural differences between China and the West, this article sorts out the development history of piano music and analyzes its characteristics.
The development of writing in Northern China in the 10th – 19th centuries through the prism of the “Complete Manchu-Russian Dictionary” by I.I. Zakharov
Authors: Guochao Liu , Jun Wu , Bo Yang
Published: March 2024

The study of the Chinese writing is one of the main tasks of Russian Sinology. Since the beginning of 18th century, Russian Sinologists have begun to study of the Manchurian language. Being a representative research work in this field, the Complete Manchurian-Russian Dictionary by I.I. Zakharov is a valuable and indispensable reference book for studying the Manchurian language in the modern scientific community. In the preface to the dictionary, Zakharov analyzed the stages of development and evolution of Khitan, Jurchen, Mongolian and Manchu writing created by ethnic minorities in northern China since the 10th century, which reveal the true face of Chinese society of that era in linguistic and cultural terms.
The history of the development of Russian advertising in the aspect of cultural connotations
Authors: Bo Yang , Yang Zhao , Liwei Zhang , Yaoting Yu
Published: March 2024

The article analyzes Russian advertisements in the aspect of cultural connotation, examines the history of advertising development and the forms of its expression, studies the linguistic features of Russian-language signboards on the example of signboards in Moscow trade establishments. It is established that the language on the signboard is not limited only to Russian culture, it contains foreign inclusions and elements of Russian archaism. It is substantiated that the Russian-language signboard at each stage of the long history of its development reflects the changes in Russian society and new nominative research.
The history of the Catholic Church in East Timor and its role in the struggle for independence
Authors: Pogadaev Victor
Published: March 2024

he article deals with the history of the development of the Catholic Church in East Timor since the appearance of the first Catholic priests on the island in the 16th century. Since its inception, the Catholic Church has played an important role in the political history of East Timor. In many cases, the Church took the side of the local population against the colonial regime, but became the center of the struggle for independence, turning from an institution closely associated with the Portuguese colonial order, to the institution that discovered a new mission to protect the interests of the Timorese people, after the start of the Indonesian occupation in 1975.