bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avogadro Colloquia in Rome on “Vision and Opportunities of a Sustainable Hydrogen Society”
Authors: Armelao Lidia , Giamello Elio , Guerra Gaetano , Carrozza Maria Chiara
Published: May 2024

The fifth edition of Avogadro Colloquia entitled “From Water to Chemicals: Vision and Opportunities of a Sustainable Hydrogen Society”, jointly organized by the Department of Chemical Sciences and Materials Technologies of the National Research Council (DSCTM CNR) and the Italian Chemical Society (SCI), was held at the CNR headquarters in Rome on December 15th–16th, 2022. This relevant periodic conference of SCI also was one of the first events for the celebrations of the Centenary of the Italian CNR. This edition of the Colloquia was focused on the technologies for hydrogen production and use in the so-called green transition towards a society with reduced CO2 emissions. Such technologies well fit the objectives recommended by the United Nations and by Mission EU2030 for the mitigation of the climate change. Greeting addresses to this event were given by the CNR president Maria Chiara Carrozza, the president of SCI Gaetano Guerra, the elected president of the European Chemical Society (EuChemS) Angela Agostiano, the IUPAC president Javier García Martínez and the director of DSCTM CNR Lidia Armelao. All the representatives of the national and international chemical societies underlined the key role of chemical sciences and innovative materials in the green transition.
Quantification of Zr in simulated dissolver solution of U–Zr fuel by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
Authors: Maity Ujjwal Kumar , Janardhanan Namitha , Periasamy Manoravi
Published: May 2024

Estimation of Zr in fresh and irradiated metal alloy fuel is important. The homogeneous dissolver solution represents the fuel composition better compared to a highly heterogeneous solid pellet. The present study employs LIBS to determine Zr in the simulated dissolver solution. Four different compositions of U–Zr samples where the Zr/U ratio varies from 0.04 to 0.18 % are analyzed by LIBS with an in-house designed liquid sample cell. A good correlation coefficient is achieved for the measurements in the calibration plot. The results for identifying non-overlapping peaks, calibration plot, precision, deviation, and detection limit are discussed in detail. Two set of solid samples, an oxide pellet and metal alloy with similar Zr/U composition, are also analyzed by LIBS. The results obtained from these three set of samples are inter-compared, and the reason for getting a better Zr/U intensity ratio for a dried coating of sample on aluminium for a given composition is explained.
New lead barium borate glass system for radiation shielding applications: impacts of copper (II) oxide on physical, mechanical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties
Authors: Sayyed M. I. , Almuqrin Aljawhara H. , Mahmoud Karem A.
Published: May 2024

The current work seeks to develop a novel CuO-doped lead calcium barium borate glass using the melt quenching method at 1100 °C. There was a 3.91–4.49 g/cm3 change in the fabricated glasses’ density, with a respective 0–15 mol.% increase in the CuO concentration. Additionally, substituting CuO for B2O3 reduced the fabricated glasses mechanical properties due to the decreased dissociation energy between 63.99 and 60.50 kcal/cm3, and the packing factor decreased between 15.22 and 13.23 cm3/mol. Through increasing the fabricated glasses’ CuO concentration, there was a decrease in the bulk, longitudinal, shear, and mechanical Young moduli. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulation (energy interval: 0.033–2.506 MeV) was employed to evaluate the fabricated glasses’ ability to shield gamma rays. A 0–15 mol.% increase in the CuO concentration raised the linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) between 14.081 and 16.797 cm−1 (0.059 MeV), 0.325–0.371 cm−1 (0.662 MeV), and 0.154–0.176 cm−1 (2.506 MeV). The LAC enhancement reduced the required half value thickness of the fabricated glasses by 16.2 %, 12.53 %, and 12.85 % at the of 0.059, 0.662, and 2.506 MeV gamma ray energies.
Effect of carbon nanotubes on mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites: A review
Authors: Nie Xiaowu , Bahrami Ahhas
Published: May 2024

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are renowned for their low density, high elastic modulus, and exceptional electrical and thermal properties. The continuously developing applications of CNTs provide higher specific stiffness and strength for composite materials. The unique characteristics of CNTs make them ideal reinforcing particles in aluminum matrix composites (AMMCs), which generally exhibit excellent mechanical properties. CNTs/AMMCs are usually prepared using methods such as powder metallurgy, casting, spray deposition, and reactive melting. The uniform diffusion of CNTs in composites is crucial for enhancing the properties of CNTs/AMMCs. The properties of CNTs/AMMCs largely depend on the content, morphology, and distribution of reinforcements in the matrix and the interaction between reinforcements and the matrix. By adding an appropriate volume fraction of CNTs, the hardness, tensile strength, compressive strength, and electrical properties of CNTs/AMMCs were significantly improved. The effects of CNT content on the mechanical properties of CNTs/AMMCs, including the tensile strength, yield strength, compressive strength, stress–strain curve behavior, elastic modulus, hardness, creep, and fatigue behavior, were revealed. The design of microstructure, optimization of the preparation process, and optimization of composition can further improve the mechanical properties of CNTs/AMMCs and expand their application in engineering. The design concept of integrating material homogenization and functional unit structure through biomimetic design of novel gradient structures, layered structures, and multi-level twin structures further optimizes the composition and microstructure of CNTs/AMMCs, which is the key to further obtaining high-performance CNTs/AMMCs. As a multifunctional composite material, CNTs/AMMCs have broad application prospects in fields such as air force, military, aerospace, automation, and electronics. Moreover, CNTs/AMMCs have potential applications in cell therapy, tissue engineering, and other areas.
Implementation of Energy Awareness and Environmental Education Programs in Hungarian Higher Education: Evaluation of a Pilot Program
Authors: Kozma Gábor , Nemeskéri Zsolt , Pongrácz Attila , Zádori Iván
Published: May 2024

Our study aims to evaluate the pilot training conducted in the framework of the project "Environmental education and sustainability - implementation of energy awareness and environmental education programs in Hungarian higher education" with the support of the Hungarian Energy and Public Utilities Regulatory Office. Our study includes the presentation of the four higher education institutions participating in the pilot program, the methodology of the research and the summary of the results obtained. An important result of the research is that among the students and teachers of the higher education institutions participating in the pilot project, interest in and commitment to environmental education and sustainability can be traced. The results highlight that current and future teachers are trying to do as much as possible in their respective fields so that the next generation will be prepared to deal with the currently visible and expected sustainability challenges.
No Sex Differences in Perceptual Responses to High-Intensity Interval Training or Sprint Interval Training
Authors: Coe Leah N. , Astorino Todd A.
Published: May 2024

Coe, LN and Astorino, TA. No sex differences in perceptual responses to high-intensity interval training or sprint interval training. J Strength Cond Res 36(6): 1025–1032, 2024—High-intensity interval training (HIIT) elicits similar and, in some cases, superior benefits vs. moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). However, HIIT is typically more aversive than MICT because of the higher intensity and in turn, greater blood lactate accumulation (BLa). This study explored potential sex differences in perceptual responses to acute HIIT and sprint interval training. Fifteen men (age and V̇O2max = 29 ± 8 years and 39 ± 3 ml·kg−1·min−1) and 13 women (age and V̇O2max = 22 ± 2 years and 38 ± 5 ml·kg−1·min−1) who are healthy and recreationally active initially underwent testing of maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) on a cycle ergometer. In randomized order on 3 separate occasions, they performed the 10 × 1-minute protocol at 85% of peak power output, 4 × 4-minute protocol at 85–95% maximal heart rate (%HRmax), or reduced exertion high intensity interval training consisting of 2 “all-out” 20-second sprints at a load equal to 5% body mass. Before and throughout each protocol, rating of perceived exertion (rating of perceived exertion [RPE] 6–20 scale), affective valence (+5 to −5 of the Feeling Scale), and BLa were assessed. Five minutes postexercise, enjoyment was measured using the Physical Activity Enjoyment scale survey. Results showed no difference in RPE (p = 0.17), affective valence (0.27), or enjoyment (p = 0.52) between men and women. Blood lactate accumulation increased in response to all protocols (p < 0.001), and men showed higher BLa than women (p = 0.03). Previous research suggests that interval exercise protocols are not interchangeable between men and women, yet our data reveal that men and women having similar V̇O2max exhibit no differences in perceptual responses to interval exercise.
Caffeine Expectancy Does Not Influence the Physical Working Capacity at the Fatigue Threshold
Authors: Ambrozy Christina A. , Hawes Nicole E. , Hayden Olivia L. , Sortz Isabella , Malek Moh H.
Published: May 2024

Ambrozy, CA, Hawes, NE, Hayden, OL, Sortzi, I, and Malek, MH. Caffeine expectancy does not influence the physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1056–1062, 2024—The placebo effect occurs when a desired outcome is experienced due to the belief that a treatment is effective, even in the absence of an active ingredient. One explanation for this effect is based on a person's expectations of a drug or supplement. Although caffeine's effects on sports performance have been studied, little is known about how expectations of caffeine affect neuromuscular fatigue during continuous muscle action. The physical working capacity at the fatigue threshold (PWCFT) can be used to assess neuromuscular fatigue noninvasively using surface electromyography. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate whether caffeine expectancy influences PWCFT. We hypothesized that regardless of expectancy, caffeine consumption would delay neuromuscular fatigue. The study involved 8 healthy college-aged men (mean ± SEM: age, 25.6 ± 1.0 years) who visited the laboratory on 4 occasions, each separated by 7 days. The subjects completed 4 experimental conditions, in random order, where they were told that they were consuming caffeine or placebo and either received caffeine or placebo. After consuming the drink, the subjects remained in the laboratory for an hour and then performed an incremental exercise test. The results showed that the condition where subjects were told that they were consuming caffeine and received caffeine had significantly higher mean values for maximal power output (F(3, 21) = 11.75; p < 0.001), PWCFT (F(3, 21) = 12.28; p < 0.001), PWCFT (%maximal power output; F(3, 21) = 8.75; p < 0.001), and heart rate at end exercise (%predicted; F(3, 21) = 3.83; p = 0.025) compared with the 2 conditions where placebo was received. However, no statistically significant mean differences were found from the condition where subjects were told that they were consuming placebo but consuming caffeine. This suggests that a person's expectancy and potential somatic response may serve as a cue for how an ergogenic aid or placebo could affect subsequent performance.
Physical Profiles of All-Rounders, Batters, and Bowlers in Sub-Elite Women's Cricket
Authors: Jacobs Jolandi , Olivier Benita , Brandt Corlia , Jafta Gandhi
Published: May 2024

Jacobs, J, Olivier, B, Brandt, C, and Jafta, G. Physical profiles of all-rounders, batters, and bowlers in sub-elite women’s cricket. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1095–1102, 2024—The unique physical profile of each player's role in sub-elite women's cricket is vital for optimizing performance as these players progress to the elite levels. This quantitative, cross-sectional study investigates the physical profiles of sub-elite women's cricket players as a group and compares these profiles across different player roles. Sub-elite female cricket players in the South African domestic women's cricket league were included in this study. A battery of physical assessments were conducted at the start of the 2022/23 season. The physical assessments included body composition, individual muscle strength testing using dynamometry, 2-km time trial (TT), countermovement jump (CMJ), single-leg jump (SLJ), isometric mid-thigh pull, push-up, and hop test on force plates. A total of 44 female players (20.86 ± 1.6 years) were included in the study. Differences were found in muscle mass (p = 0.004) and peak power (p = 0.040) for all-rounders and bowlers. Player roles presented with different dominant (p = 0.006) and non-dominant (p = 0.066) knee flexion strength. The bowlers' body composition and physical strength profile are compromised compared with batters and all-rounders. There were several physical strength and power differences between pace and spin bowlers in CMJ and SLJ tests for jump height (p = 0.009) and peak power (p = 0.006). Batters performed the best in the 2-km TT. Body composition and musculoskeletal profiles for each player role can be baseline markers in sub-elite women's cricket. Stakeholders can use this information to guide physical preparation for players advancing to elite levels.
A Retrospective Analysis of Southeastern U.S. Police Recruit Health and Fitness From 4 Points in Time Within a 16-Year Period: Implications for Physical Fitness Training
Authors: Gonzales Stephen M. , Orr Robin M. , Coburn Jared W. , Hoffmann Matt D. , Kennedy Kelly , Dawes J. Jay , Lockie Robert G.
Published: May 2024

Gonzales, SM, Orr, RM, Coburn, JW, Hoffmann, MD, Kennedy, K, Dawes, JJ, and Lockie, RG. A retrospective analysis of southeastern U.S. police recruit health and fitness from 4 points in time within a 16-year period: Implications for physical fitness training. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1118–1126, 2024—Drawing from the general population for its recruiting needs, police departments often employ academy curricula to improve a recruit's fitness so they can perform occupational tasks. Recently, obesity and physical inactivity have increased in the general population, potentially influencing the health and fitness of incoming recruits. This study involved a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis of health and fitness data of police recruits. Data from 1 police department in southeastern United States were analyzed at 4 specific time points, splitting the recruits into natural immerging groups; 2003 (n = 93), 2006 (n = 137), 2009 (n = 74), and 2019 (n = 242). Health and fitness data for all recruits included age, height, body mass, and body mass index (BMI); systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP); sit-and-reach; combined grip strength; push-ups and sit-ups completed in 60 seconds; physical ability test time; and 2.4-km run time. Several univariate analyses, with sex and age as covariates (analyses of covariance), and a Bonferroni’s post hoc, determined whether there were significant between-group differences. Effect sizes (d) were also calculated. Key results demonstrated that 2019 recruits were heavier than the recruits in 2006 and 2009 (p ≤ 0.032; d = 0.14–0.38); had a greater BMI (p ≤ 0.028; d = 0.24–0.75) and systolic BP (p < 0.001; d = 0.47–0.65), and lesser sit-and-reach distance (p ≤ 0.020; d = 0.26–0.46), than all recruit groups; completed fewer sit-up repetitions than the recruits in 2006 and 2009 (p ≤ 0.025; d = 0.42–0.48); and were slower in the 2.4-km run than the recruits in 2006 (p = 0.009; d = 0.36). Police training staff may need to address lesser health (BMI, BP) and fitness (hamstring flexibility, abdominal endurance, aerobic fitness) in incoming recruits.
Agreement Between Maximal Lactate Steady State and Critical Power in Different Sports: A Systematic Review and Bayesian’s Meta-Regression
Authors: Borszcz Fernando Klitzke , de Aguiar Rafael Alves , Costa Vitor Pereira , Denadai Benedito Sérgio , de Lucas Ricardo Dantas
Published: May 2024

Borszcz, FK, de Aguiar, RA, Costa, VP, Denadai, BS, and de Lucas, RD. Agreement between maximal lactate steady state and critical power in different sports: A systematic review and Bayesian's meta-regression. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): e320–e339, 2024—This study aimed to systematically review the literature and perform a meta-regression to determine the level of agreement between maximal lactate steady state (MLSS) and critical power (CP). Considered eligible to include were peer-reviewed and “gray literature” studies in English, Spanish, and Portuguese languages in cyclical exercises. The last search was made on March 24, 2022, on PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, and Google Scholar. The study's quality was evaluated using 4 criteria adapted from the COSMIN tool. The level of agreement was examined by 2 separate meta-regressions modeled under Bayesian’s methods, the first for the mean differences and the second for the SD of differences. The searches yielded 455 studies, of which 36 studies were included. Quality scale revealed detailed methods and small samples used and that some studies lacked inclusion/exclusion criteria reporting. For MLSS and CP comparison, likely (i.e., coefficients with high probabilities) covariates that change the mean difference were the MLSS time frame and delta criteria of blood lactate concentration, MLSS number and duration of pauses, CP longest predictive trial duration, CP type of predictive trials, CP model fitting parameters, and exercise modality. Covariates for SD of the differences were the subject's maximal oxygen uptake, CP's longest predictive trial duration, and exercise modality. Traditional MLSS protocol and CP from 2- to 15-minute trials do not reflect equivalent exercise intensity levels; the proximity between MLSS and CP measures can differ depending on test design, and both MLSS and CP have inherent limitations. Therefore, comparisons between them should always consider these aspects.
A Biopsychosocial Model for Understanding Training Load, Fatigue, and Musculoskeletal Sport Injury in University Athletes: A Scoping Review
Authors: McClean Zachary J. , Pasanen Kati , Lun Victor , Charest Jonathan , Herzog Walter , Werthner Penny , Black Amanda , Vleuten Reid Vander , Lacoste Elise , Jordan Matthew J.
Published: May 2024

McClean, ZJ, Pasanen, K, Lun, V, Charest, J, Herzog, W, Werthner, P, Black, A, Vleuten, RV, Lacoste, E, and Jordan, MJ. A biopsychosocial model for understanding training load, fatigue, and musculoskeletal sport injury in university athletes: A scoping review. J Strength Cond Res 38(6): 1177–1188, 2024—The impact of musculoskeletal (MSK) injury on athlete health and performance has been studied extensively in youth sport and elite sport. Current research examining the relationship between training load, injury, and fatigue in university athletes is sparse. Furthermore, a range of contextual factors that influence the training load-fatigue-injury relationship exist, necessitating an integrative biopsychosocial model to address primary and secondary injury prevention research. The objectives of this review were (a) to review the scientific literature examining the relationship between training load, fatigue, and MSK injury in university athletes and (b) to use this review in conjunction with a transdisciplinary research team to identify biopsychosocial factors that influence MSK injury and develop an updated, holistic biopsychosocial model to inform injury prevention research and practice in university sport. Ten articles were identified for inclusion in this review. Key findings were an absence of injury surveillance methodology and contextual factors that can influence the training load-fatigue-MSK injury relationship. We highlight the inclusion of academic load, social load, and mental health load as key variables contributing to a multifactorial, gendered environmental, scientific inquiry on sport injury and reinjury in university sport. An integrative biopsychosocial model for MSK injury in university sport is presented that can be used to study the biological, psychological, and social factors that modulate injury and reinjury risk in university athletes. Finally, we provide an example of how causal inference can be used to maximize the utility of longitudinally collected observational data that is characteristic of sport performance research in university sport.
Acute Responses to Traditional and Cluster-Set Squat Training With and Without Blood Flow Restriction
Authors: Cornejo-Daza Pedro J. , Sánchez-Valdepeñas Juan , Páez-Maldonado Jose , Rodiles-Guerrero Luis , Boullosa Daniel , León-Prados Juan A. , Wernbom Mathias , Pareja-Blanco Fernando
Published: May 2024

Cornejo-Daza, PJ, Sánchez-Valdepeñas, J, Páez-Maldonado, J, Rodiles-Guerrero, L, Boullosa, D, León-Prados, JA, Wernbom, M, and Pareja-Blanco, F. Acute responses to traditional and cluster-set squat training with and without blood flow restriction. J Strength Cond Res 38(8): 1401–1412, 2024—To compare the acute responses to different set configurations (cluster [CLU] vs. traditional [TRA]) under distinct blood flow conditions (free vs. restricted) in full-squat (SQ). Twenty resistance-trained males performed 4 protocols that differed in the set configuration (TRA: continuous repetitions; vs. CLU: 30 seconds of rest every 2 repetitions) and in the blood flow condition (FF: free-flow; vs. blood flow restriction [BFR]: 50% of arterial occlusion pressure). The relative intensity (60% 1RM), volume (3 sets of 8 repetitions), and resting time (2 minutes) were equated. Mean propulsive force (MPF), velocity (MPV) and power (MPP), and electromyography (EMG) parameters were recorded during each repetition. Tensiomyography (TMG), blood lactate, countermovement jump (CMJ) height, maximal voluntary isometric contraction, in SQ, and movement velocity against the load that elicited a 1 m·s−1 velocity at baseline (V1-load) in SQ were assessed at pre- and post-exercise. The CLU protocols allowed a better maintenance of MPF, MPV, MPP, and EMG median frequency during the exercise compared to TRA (clu-time interaction, p < 0.05). The TRA protocols experienced greater impairments post-exercise in TMG- and EMG-derived variables (clu-time interaction, p < 0.05) and SQ and CMJ performance (clu-time interaction, p = 0.08 and p < 0.05, respectively), as well as higher blood lactate concentrations (clu-time interaction, p < 0.001) than CLU. Moreover, BFR displayed decreases in TMG variables (bfr-time interaction, p < 0.01), but BFR-CLU resulted in the greatest reduction in twitch contraction time (p < 0.001). Cluster sets reduced fatigue during and after the training session and BFR exacerbated impairments in muscle mechanical properties; however, the combination of both could improve contraction speed after exercise.
Cohesive energy model for the optical properties in nanostructured materials of zinc sulfide and cadmium selenide
Authors:   Physics department, College of Education for pure Sciences, University of Anbar, Iraq, Mustafa A. , Turki Al-Rashid S. ,   Physics department, College of Education for pure Sciences, University of Anbar, Iraq
Published: May 2024

Applying the cohesive energy model, this research theoretically studies how the size of nanoparticles affects their optical characteristics. The findings demonstrate that optical characteristics are size-dependent for nanoparticles, with an exponentially growing energy gap for nanoparticles on a scale of less than 4 nm. As the size of nanoparticles is reduced, the absorption wavelength also decreases. Compounds undergo a transition to a higher energy spectral area (blue shift) when their wavelength decreases; this change can make these compounds effective in certain optical nanodevices.
Absorber layer improvement and performance analysis of CIGS thin-film solar cell
Authors:   Faculty of Electrical Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia, Khamis A. , Rodzi N. I. M. ,   Faculty of Electrical Technology and Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, Malaysia, Naharuddin N. Z. A. ,   Fakulti Kejuruteraan Teknologi Elektrik dan Elektronik, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, 26600 Pekan, Pahang, Malaysia
Published: May 2024

CIGS has shown significant potential for cost-effective and efficient photovoltaic applications, with efficiency often exceeding 20%. However, further improvements in cell performance are needed to reduce production costs. Thus, this study proposes an ultra-thin structure for CIGS solar cells by modifying the absorber layer thickness and composition. SCAPS software was used to evaluate the performance of the proposed design, such as open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), fill factor (FF%), and conversion efficiency (ŋ%). Results showed that ultra-thin solar cells with the proposed GnP and CGS absorber layers are ideal due to their greater ŋ%, 25.33%.
MODEL FOR MAINTAINING THE OPERABILITY OF THE POWER SYSTEM UNDER CONDITIONS OF ITS IMBALANCE
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Kryvda V. I. , Zubak V. V. ,   Odessa Polytechnic National University, Maksymov M. M. ,   Odesa Maritime Academy National University
Published: May 2024

Abstract. The dynamic frequency characteristic of the electric power system in the case of imbalance as a result of a change in generating capacity and the absence of a reserve is constructed. A simulation model of the electric power system has been developed based on object-oriented analysis, which makes it possible to analyze the operation and reaction of the electric power system as a result of the impact of disturbances to ensure the possibility of system operability under certified conditions. As a simulation model, an information model and diagrams of transitions to the states of objects were made, reflecting the interaction of objects, which are an abstract reflection of real electrical installations of the power system. Keywords: power system, operability, frequency regulation, disturbances, imbalance, simulation model, object-oriented analysis.
APPLICATION OF A SYSTEMATIC APPROACH IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF IT PROJECTS
Authors:   Odesa Polytechnic National University, Zhuran O. A. , Berkunskyi Ye. Yu. ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Haidaienko O. V. ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Morozova H. S. ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Pavlenko A. Yu. ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding
Published: May 2024

Abstract. Modern requirements for the profession of an IT specialist are determined not only by the ability to work with specific technologies or programming languages. Today, an IT specialist faces a deeper task - understanding the functioning of complex systems and having the skills to analyze and solve complex problems. System analysis is a key success factor in the field of information technology, contributing to a holistic approach to solving problems and tasks that arise before IT specialists. Demand for systems analysts is growing rapidly and they are becoming an integral part of the IT team. Keywords: integrated software tools, IT team, competitiveness, principles of system analysis, system analyst.
Simulation of Ignition of Composite Materials by Particles Heated to a High Temperature
Authors: Касымов Д.П. , Перминов В.В. , Голубничий Е.Н. , Якимов А.С.
Published: May 2024

Выполнено численное моделирование зажигания конструкции из древесного материала набором «горячих» частиц. Задача рассматривается в декартовых координатах в трехмерной постановке. Найдено, что зажигание исходного реагента определяется процессами теплообмена с очагом пожара, сушки, пиролиза сухой древесины, реакциями окисления оксида углерода, метана и водорода. Установлены зависимости времени задержки зажигания древесного материала от начальных температур реагента, нагретых частиц и количества «горячих» частиц, при которых реализуются условия зажигания. Приводится качественное сравнение результатов расчета с известными данными.

A numerical simulation of the ignition of a structure made of wood material by a set of “hot” particles was performed. The problem is considered in Cartesian coordinates in a three-dimensional formulation. It was found that the ignition of the initial reagent is determined by the processes of heat exchange with the fire, drying, pyrolysis of dry wood, and oxidation reactions of carbon monoxide, methane and hydrogen. The dependences of the ignition delay time of wood material on the initial temperatures of the reagent, heated particles and the number of “hot” particles at which ignition conditions are realized have been established. A qualitative comparison of the calculation results with known data is provided.
Modeling of Detonation Combustion of Carbon Dust
Authors: Прохоров Е.С.
Published: May 2024

Представлены результаты расчетов детонации однородной газовзвеси ультрадисперсных углеродных частиц с окислителем (кислородом или воздухом) в предположении химического равновесия в продуктах детонационного сгорания. Численно исследовано влияние массовой доли углерода в таких смесях на скорость детонационного фронта и основные газодинамические параметры продуктов сгорания. Установлено, что расчеты коррелируют с имеющимися экспериментальными данными по скорости детонации во взвеси частиц угля в кислороде и воздухе.

This paper presents the results of calculation of the detonation of a homogeneous gas suspension of ultrafine carbon particles with an oxidizer (oxygen or air) assuming chemical equilibrium in the products of detonation combustion. The influence of the mass fraction of carbon in such mixtures on the velocity of the detonation front and the main gas-dynamic parameters of combustion products was studied numerically. The calculation results correlate with available experimental data on detonation velocity in a suspension of coal particles in oxygen and air.
Characteristics of patients who return to the emergency department after an observation-unit assessment
Authors: Hahn Barry , Sunny Shannon , Kettyle Patrick , Chacko Jerel , Stefanov Dimitre G.
Published: May 2024

Objective: Emergency department observation units (EDOUs) transition patients from the ED to dedicated areas where they can receive continuous monitoring. Understanding patient return visits after EDOU discharge is important for optimizing healthcare. The objective of this study was to investigate the correlations between demographic and clinical features and the likelihood of returning to the ED within 30 days following an initial EDOU assessment.Methods: This retrospective, observational, cohort study of adult EDOU subjects was conducted between February 1, 2018, and January 31, 2023. Adult patients who were evaluated in an EDOU and returned to an ED within 30 days were compared with those who were assessed in the EDOU but did not return to the ED within 30 days. The analysis took into account multiple visits by the same subject and made adjustments for variables of sex, ethnicity, insurance status, primary diagnosis, and disposition using a generalized linear mixed model.Results: A total of 14,910 EDOU encounters was analyzed, and 2,252 patients (15%) returned to the ED within 30 days. The analysis took into account several variables that indicated a significant association with the likelihood of returning to the ED within 30 days. These were sex (P<0.001), ethnicity (P=0.005), race (P<0.001), insurance status (P<0.001), primary diagnosis (P<0.001), and disposition (P<0.001). Emergency severity index and length of stay were not associated with ED return. Conclusion: Understanding these factors may guide interventions, enhance EDOU care, and reduce resource strain. Further research should explore these associations and the long-term intervention impacts on improved outcomes.
Un nuevo despertar de la libertad religiosa en Estados Unidos
Authors: Witte, Jr. John
Published: May 2024

Hasta tiempos recientes, la libertad religiosa estadounidense estaba en apuros. El Tribunal Supremo de Estados Unidos había debilitado considerablemente la Primera Enmienda, y las reivindicaciones de libertad religiosa quedaban a menudo subordinadas al derecho a la libertad sexual y otros derechos. Los Estados denegaban sistemáticamente fondos y prestaciones a los partidos religiosos y eliminaban de la vida pública los símbolos y ceremonias religiosas tradicionales. Las cosas han cambiado radicalmente. La última década ha sido testigo de un gran despertar de la libertad religiosa estadounidense, liderado por un cambio de orientación jurisprudencial del Tribunal Supremo de los Estados Unidos. En más de dos docenas de casos desde 2012, el Tribunal ha reforzado la Primera Enmienda para anular normativas y políticas públicas que discriminaban la religión. Este artículo traza el mapa de este nuevo gran despertar de la libertad religiosa, pero también advierte sobre algunos de los amplios retos que quedan por delante.
Tribunal del Dicasterio para la Doctrina de la Fe
Authors: Testa-Bappenheim Stefano
Published: May 2024

SUMARIO: 1. Antecedentes históricos. 2. El CIC de 1917. 3. El CIC de 1983. 4. El CCEO. 5. La sucesiva legislación post-codicial. 5.1. El M.P. Sacramentorum sanctitatis tutela, del 30-IV-2001. 5.2. El M.P. Vos estis lux mundi, del 7-V-2019. 5.3. El Rescripto Norme sui delitti riservati de la Congregación para la Doctrina de la Fe. 5.4. La Const. Ap. Praedicate Evangelium.
Vid. también: Castidad [delitos contra la]; Congregación para la Doctrina de la Fe; Pena.
María Jesús GUTIÉRREZ DEL MORAL, Mujer, discriminación, odio y creencias. Análisis del marco jurídico de Naciones Unidas, Consejo de Europa y Unión Europea, Dykinson, Madrid 2024, 182 pp., ISBN 9788411709101, ISBN ed. electrónica 978-84-1170-910-1
Authors: Meseguer-Velasco Silvia
Published: May 2024

Book Review
God’s Diplomats. How Pentecostal Mega-Church Pastors are Transforming African Foreign Policymaking
Authors:   Polish Institute of International Affairs (Poland), Czerep Jędrzej
Published: May 2024

Last decade brought further increase in popularity and outreach of Pentecostal pastors-evangelists and the expansion of new mega-churches in Sub-Saharan Africa. Media savvy and marketing-skilled charismatic “holy men” perform multiple functions, including that of political actors, increasingly influential, and indispensable in the election cycles of multiple African states, most notably Anglophone ones. Recognising the pivotal role of Pentecostal constituencies, political players, such as candidates in presidential elections seek mega-church leaders’ blessings or a favourable political prophecy. State officials reciprocate with adopting policies which resonate with their message. This mutual relationship and mainstreaming of Pentecostal discourse affects the overall political culture of young, African democracies. As the new brand of Pentecostalism grows on economic deprivation and disillusionment with the state, it also begins to foster, not just metaphorically, an alternative order and set of values. This comes with religiously driven perceptions of pastors’ powers, which makes them seem potentially more effective and legitimate than secular, democratic leaders, and state institutions. Thanks to those credentials, as well as their widely developed networks, influential pastors begin to make inroads into African foreign policymaking. The process of officialising Pentecostal actors as quasi-diplomats as well as absorbing their ideas and modus operandi into the foreign policy arena seem to contradict advancement of professionalism and transparency in diplomacy as functions of state capabilities. However, in some contexts, growth of their powers and outreach may work in favour of increasing African agency.
Identity – Africa – Biometrics
Authors:   Independent researcher (Poland), Seńko Marcin
Published: May 2024

There is currently a digital revolution ongoing across the globe that cannot be missed. It appears that it is bringing the newest solutions and answers to all latest requirements and expectations that seemed to be out of the reach for many decades. However, it is not only technology that is needed these days, but also societies are seeking credible tools and acceptable option implemented in order to provide an individual a state approved identity with access to legitimate services. Although each of us is subjected to rights and duties based on identity given from the very beginning of our lives, some may not have a chance to present a proof of this identity due to geographic, cultural or social issues. Various organizations both commercial and international, including state ones and NGOs, are concerned of a significant high rate of loss of opportunities by some due to lack of basic identification document, whether it is an old fashioned one or a digital ID. This paper brings some current activities and events for discussion in regards to response to deficiency in terms of equipping citizens of African countries with the latest type of identification document, which contains of access to multiple services. Moreover, while reading the study, it may be noticed the level of devotion and engagement by actors, which includes seeking and employing the best know-how practice and digital biometric traits. Thanks to such approach, some African countries may be already ahead of so-called “western developed economies”. However, digital biometrization of individuals could be a response to modern challenges on one side, and to crisis management and natural disasters on the other. The paper briefly describes the problem of identification with use of digital biometric features in Africa, and it rather invites others to carry out an independent research, as well encourage to discussion on advantages and disadvantages for using biometrics in the process of identification.
Globalization Processes in Sub-Saharan African Countries – A Case Study of Kenya and Tanzania
Authors:   University of Economics in Katowice (Poland), Bieleń Martyna
Published: May 2024

The aims of this article are: (1) presentation of changes in the level of globalization in Kenya and Tanzania (2) comparison of countries in terms of globalization level (3) identification of the main globalization processes taking place in the countries. To ensure economic development in Tanzania and Kenya, it is necessary to implement globalization processes and monitor the level of globalization. For this purpose, statistical data analysis and comparative analysis using the KOF Index have been employed. Progressing globalization was found in Kenya and Tanzania, and based on this, it was decided to make a thorough analysis of which aspects have increased the most. For this purpose, the KOF Index of Globalisation analysis was used for these countries and on this basis the strongest development areas in the last 22 years were identified, as well as a comparative analysis of globalization in Kenya and Tanzania was made. The studies have shown that the level of globalization is increasing in both Kenya and Tanzania, with Kenya exhibiting a higher level. This difference might primarily stem from the economic policy orientation – Kenya focuses on trade openness, whereas Tanzania emphasizes support for domestic sectors of the economy and local entrepreneurs. The areas in which countries have developed the most are social processes. The ongoing processes of globalization can support both the growth and economic development of the analyzed countries, thereby potentially help reduce the main social and economic challenges in Kenya and Tanzania.
History repeats itself: uncovering recurring patterns in Sudanese politics
Authors:   Independent researcher (Poland), Siragedien Ali
Published: May 2024

Following its independence in 1956, Sudan confronted the tasks of constructing a distinct national identity, establishing effective governance and economic systems, and addressing internal ethnic conflicts stemming from the condominium era. In terms of ethnicity, the post-colonial history of Sudan can be segmented into two phases: sectarian politics, primarily observed in northern Sudan from 1956 to 1999, with the south not experiencing sectarianism in the same manner; and ethnic politics prevalent in South Sudan from 1955 to 2011 and in North Sudan from 1999 to the present. However, the postcolonial history of Sudan is actually a replay of a set of patterns that kept governing the politics of the country for centuries.
The phenomenon of objectification: terminology, types, theoretical approaches to analysis
Authors: Uzianova Yulia , Vorontsova Tatyana
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to a theoretical analysis of the phenomenon of attitude towards the Other as an object. The purpose of the article is to compare the terminology used in the scientific literature; identifying the advantages and limitations of the term objectification; identification and grouping of disparate criteria for the classification of objectification, approaches to its understanding.
The authors compare narrow and broad approaches to understanding objectification in modern science; a rationale is given for the universality of a broad approach to understanding the phenomenon of objectification as a process of objectification of the Other, which is accompanied by one or more signs: an instrumental attitude towards the other, attitude as property, denial of his autonomy, reduction of subjectivity, lack of consideration of the boundaries of the other.
The article identifies criteria for classifying the phenomenon of objectification: by sphere of occurrence; on a philosophical approach to understanding the phenomenon of objectification; according to the criterion of intentionality; according to the criterion of reductionism; by object of comparison.
Based on the results of an analysis of modern domestic and foreign research, possible approaches to understanding the phenomenon of objectification are grouped: objectification as a consequence of biological determinism; cultural phenomenon; manifestation of power; response to uncertainty about one’s own competence; response to threat; manifestation of fear of death; a way of abstracting from the unimportant; a consequence of the organization of work activity; coping strategy to help cope with empathic distress; a consequence of the unsatisfactory nature of interpersonal relationships; a consequence of unsatisfaction of basic human needs; a consequence of personal characteristics (egocentrism, ego immaturity).
Scientific novelty: lies in the comparison of existing terminology that describes the phenomenon of relating to the Other as an object; in justifying the advantages and limitations of the term objectification; highlighting the criteria for classifying the phenomenon, as well as grouping disparate approaches to understanding the origins of objectification.
Scope of application of the results: the theoretical review carried out in the work can be used when teaching courses on the social psychology of interpersonal relationships.
The article is part of the dissertation research of one of the authors of the article.
Psychology of morality as a fundamental discipline in the higher education system
Authors: Nekhorosheva Inna , Sidyacheva Natalia
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the formation of moral psychology as a new academic discipline, which is gradually spreading in the system of higher education of psychologists. The reasons for this process are the intensive development of the scientific direction «Psychology of Morality» and the gradual penetration of accumulated scientific knowledge into the educational sphere. Presents educational courses and textbooks on moral psychology developed by M.I. Volovikova, L.L. Dikevich, S.K. Nartova-Bochaver, N.V. Melnikova, R.V. Ovcharova, E.A. Plekhanova, A.N. Brazhnikova, S.V. Molchanov, I.N. Polshakova, O.V. Konovalova, A.A. Shevchenko. The generalized content of courses developed at Russian universities is described. Some courses and modules on moral psychology taught in foreign universities are listed. Special attention in the article is paid to the issues of ensuring an unobtrusive educational aspect of such courses through the selection of relevant empirical patterns for study. As an example, empirical data are given that confirm the importance of morality for society and the disadvantage of immorality for the individual. Risks that are important to avoid when developing such courses on a large scale are noted. The risk of making the moral bias too obvious and edifying, the risk of reducing the educational (moral) component to zero or negative values, the risk of extinguishing students interest in the course due to overload with theory. Confidence is expressed in the possibility of avoiding these risks thanks to the large volume of empirical research on moral psychology, which will make it possible to widely diversify the content of such courses, making them interesting and useful in the personal life and future professional activities of students. A conclusion is made about the benefits of further dissemination of courses on moral psychology in the education system of psychologists and educational psychologists.
Why combat sports cannot become the basis for military-physical training of hand-to-hand fighters
Authors: Peredelʹskiy Aleksey , Mamedov Azer , Kortunov Vadim , Kotusov Dmitriy , Shipovskaya Lyudmila
Published: May 2024

Scientific problem. An objective contradiction and discrepancy between the complex social nature and narrow specialization of conditional game training and competitive sports activities and real military physical training, focused on a fundamentally different area of narrow specialization, namely the area of military combat and operational service practice.
The relevance of the study is to once again get rid of the illusions and misconceptions that have become traditional in the last 70–80 years about the real feasibility of using sports models and projects (in particular, those developed on the basis of combat sports) in the practice of applied military physical training of military personnel, conscripts and pre-conscription youth.
The purpose of the study is to prove the inapplicability (or, in extreme cases, incorrect application) of sports models and projects (in particular, those developed on the basis of combat sports) for solving the problems of military-physical applied training and education of military personnel, conscripts and pre-conscription youth.
The research methodology and organization include: methods of hypothetic-deductive modeling, logical-linguistic and concrete-empirical programming.
Research results and conclusions. The main conclusion following from the materials of this article are the following two theses:
• in order to avoid a double illusory-game transformation or «wrapping up» of
military-physical martial arts and martial arts, it is necessary to strictly limit the processes of sportization of physical culture to the civilian sector and in no case allow the spread of these processes or their gradual «sliding» into the field of applied training military personnel, conscripts and pre-conscription youth professionally oriented towards military and service activities;
• the core of military-applied and service-applied physical training should objectively and naturally be the not yet sportized martial arts and modern military-service functionality, the synthesis of which, however, allows for some targeted borrowing of individual techniques from the field of combat sports.