bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inmitten der Theologie des Neuen Testaments: Zu den Voraussetzungen Und Zielen Neutestamentlicher Exegese
Authors: Söding Thomas
Published: February 2009

Die Zahl groβer Arbeiten zur (Biblischen) Theologie des Neuen Testaments steigt, gerade in jüngster Zeit. Nach Rudolf Bultmanns Werk, das einen tiefen Einschnitt gesetzt hat, sind zwischen 1967 und 1981 in rascher Folge wichtige Arbeiten evangelischer und katholischer Autoren erschienen, die an Bultmann anzuknüpfen bzw. über Bultmann hinauszuführen angetreten sind. Schien es dann so, als sei der Faden abgerissen, zeigt sich aber spätestens seit 1990, daβ dieser Eindruck getrogen hat. Die Gattung erlebt eine neue Blüte. Nicht nur erfahren die älteren Arbeiten immer neue Auflagen. Vor allem hat sich, besonders in Deutschland, eine neue Generation von Exegeten darangemacht, ihre ‘Neutestamentlichen Theologien’ und ‘Biblischen Theologien des Neuen Testaments’ zu publizieren. So unterschiedlich die Entwürfe auch immer ausfallen, so sehr belegen sie doch das anhaltende Interesse, Schriftauslegung als Theologie zu treiben. Zwar arbeitengetrogen all diese Werke ohne jeden Abstrich mit historischen und philologischen Methoden und verfolgen insbesondere das Ziel, den geschichtlichen Ursprungssinn der Texte zu erkennen; aber im Zuge dieser Arbeit wollen sie auch den spezifischen Anspruch der neutestamentlichen Schriften ernst nehmen, das Christusgeschehen authentisch zu bezeugen; deshalb stellen sie sich der theologischen Frage nach der ‘Mitte’ oder der ‘Einheit’ bzw. der ‘Ganzheit’ des Neuen Testaments, aber auch der gesamten Heiligen Schrift.
La Figure Des Disciples En Jean 4
Authors: Cuvillier Élian
Published: February 2009

1.1. Dans une monographie consacrée à la recherche sur la figure des disciples dans l'eévangile de Marc, C. C. Black, parlant du quatrième évangile, note que ‘the Johannine perspective on the disciples has not received the attention it deserves’. Certes, les travaux ne manquent pas qui s'intéressent, chez Jean, à la mise en scène contrastée du disciple bien-aimé et de Pierre essayant, par ce moyen, de reconstituer la communauté destinataire de l'évangile. A notre connaissance cependant, aucune enquête sérieuse n'a été faite sur le concept de μαθητής tel qu'il est développé dans le quatrième évangile. Dans le cadre limité de cet article, il ne nous appartient pas de mener une telle enquête sur l'ensemble de l'évangile. Plus modestement nous tenterons de mettre à jour, sur un texte précis – ici Jean 4 – la fonction que l'évangéliste lui assigne dans l'ensemble du chapitre. II va sans dire que nous n'opposons pas ici une lecture résolument synchronique aux méthodes historico-critiques traditionnelles. Bien au contraire, comme nous essayerons de le montrer au terme de cet article, notre étude conduit à reposer les questions historiques ouvrant ainsi la voie à la démarche diachronique.
Die Tempelreinigung und Die Christologie Des Johannesevangeliums
Authors: Schnelle Udo
Published: February 2009

Zu den gravierendsten Unterschieden zwischen den Synoptikern und dem Johannesevangelium zählt die Stellung der Tempelrei-nigung. Während sich bei Markus die Tempelreinigung einen Tag nach dem Einzug in Jerusalem (vgl. Mk 11.15–19), bei Matthaus und Lukas unmittelbar mit dem Einzug ereignet (vgl. Mt 21.12–13; Lk 19.45–6), stellt Johannes sie an den Beginn des öffentlichen Wirkens Jesu. Historisch gehört die Tempelreinigung zweifellos an das Ende des Wirkens Jesu, denn sie war ein auslösender Faktor fur seine Festnahme. Johannes dürfte um diesen ursprüngli-chen Ort der Tempelreinigung gewuβt haben, verfügt er doch speziell im Bereich der Passion Jesu über alte Traditionen und gute Informationen. Warum aber verleiht der 4.
Gerichtsankündigung und Liebesforderung: Lk 6.24–6 Und 27 Innerhalb Der Botschaft des Frühen Christentums
Authors: Klein Hans
Published: February 2009

Ulrich Luz schreibt in seinem kleinen, sehr anregenden Büchlein,Matthew in History: Interpretation, Influence and Effects:‘Even Matthew himself seems to have completely forgotten what he had written in the Sermon of the Mount when he was writing his twenty-third chapter, with the harsh and unjust woes agains Pharisees and Scribes.’ Eines der hier angerissenen Probleme ist viel ausgeprägter in Lk 6 feststellbar, wo dem Gebot der Feindesliebe unmittelbar die Wehesprüche gegen die Reichen vorangestellt sind. Es begegnet aber schon in der Logienquelle und bei Paulus. Wie ist das Verhältnis dieser beiden Aussagen zu einander zu sehen? Das ist die Frage, der wir im folgenden nachgehen wollen
The Apocalypse of John and Graeco-Roman Revelatory Magic
Authors: Aune David E.
Published: February 2009

The Apocalypse of John mirrors in a very distinctive way the social and cultural amalgam which constituted late first century Christianity. Though a Christian document it is heavily indebted to Jewish religious and apocalyptic traditions. It also exhibits both the influences of and the reactions to Hellenism. The purpose of this paper is to examine selected Hellenistic magical traditions which have been taken up consciously by John and fashioned into an anti-magic apologetic.
The Holy Word: The History and Function of the Teachings of Jesus in the Theology and Praxis of the Early Church
Authors: Baird J. Arthur
Published: February 2009

There is an abundance of evidence to support the thesis that the teachings of Jesus, what the early church called ‘The Holy Word’, functioned as the basis of Christian doctrine and practice from the beginning of the Christian era at least as far as Eusebius. The key to it all seems to have been the sanctity with which these teachings were regarded, treasured and used within the early church. They believed he was the Son of God, and they treated his words accordingly. As the author of 2 Peter summarized it: ‘Remember … the commandments of the Lord and Saviour through your apostles' (3. 2). Clement of Rome echoed the same message: ‘Let us walk in obedience to his hallowed words’ (Epistle 13. 3); and Papias characterized himself as one who ‘took delight in those who recall the commandments given to the faith by the lord’ (HE III, 39. 2–4). The church was the church of the Holy Word; and the NT is the written record of that word as it found expression in the life and thought of the church. So the history of the word, the history of the church and the history of the NT are one and the same history.
Arguing like a Mere Human Being Galatians 3. 15–18 in Rhetorical Perspective
Authors: Cosgrove Charles H.
Published: February 2009

The foregoing excerpt from Watts' Logicke is remarkable in a number of respects, not the least of which is the suggestion that Enlightenment Christians engaged in rhetorical criticism of the Bible by applying to it various canons of ‘logic’ or ‘rhetoric’ developed in conversation with the rhetors of classical antiquity. To my knowledge, this chapter in the history of biblical hermeneutics has yet to be written. For interests at hand, however, what calls for notice is Watts' remark about Paul's use of a particular rhetorical figure. According to Watts, when Paul says, ‘I speak like man’, he marks his argument as ad hominem. This means that he adopts a premise of his interlocutor, a premise which he himself may not affirm, in order to make a point. No doubt Watts had in mind Rom 3. 5, Gal 3. 15, and 1 Cor 9. 8, where Paul's λ⋯γω (λ⋯λω) κατ⋯ ἄνθρωπον suggested to him the Latin expression argumentum ad hominem. As we shall see, Watts was mistaken in this identification but correct in his judgment about at least one of the arguments in which Paul says, ‘I speak like a man.’
Paul's Thorn of Rejected Apostleship
Authors: McCant Jerry W.
Published: February 2009

Over a century ago, Sören Kierkegaard remarked that Paul's thorn in the flesh ‘seems to have afforded an uncommonly favorable opportunity for everyone to become an interpreter of the Bible’. Adolf Deissmann suggested that a small library could be gathered together all dealing with Paul's illness. However, Lenski thinks we have ‘nothing but hypotheses’. Some say certainty about the identification of Paul's thorn is ‘unattainable’, that ‘nobody knows exactly what it was’ and that not even the Corinthians knew what the metaphor meant.
‘Good Wordes and Faire Speeches’ (Rom 16.18 AV): More Materials and a Pauline Pun
Authors: North J. Lionel
Published: February 2009

In Rom 16.18 we have a unique word, alongside another word which is used by Paul in a unique way. That is challenge enough to any student of the language of the Greek NT. ‘Faire speeches’ is the AV's rendering of εὐλογία. Elsewhere in the NT, where it occurs 16 times, εὐλογία is always used in an approving sense, of the human praise of God or of the divine bounty for which praise is due. The word is found nine times in the Pauline corpus; a little earlier in this same letter, Paul had spoken about his certainty that he will visit Rome ‘in the fullness of the blessing (εὐλογία) of Christ’ (15.29 RSV). After that and the other Pauline and the non-Pauline usage, the use at 16.18 grates on the ear.1Its context shows that here εὐλογία is being used disparagingly, of men who flatter to deceive (ἐξαπατῶσιν) and work to mislead and divide the community. Today, we might call such men ‘smoothies’ who ‘turn on the charm’, ‘chat up’ the gullible, ‘talk up’ their policies and ‘sweet talk’ their way to success for their own selfish purposes.
Is There Independent Attestation for the Trasfiguration in 2 Peter?
Authors: Miller Robert J.
Published: February 2009

Pet 1.16–18 reflects on the transfiguration, an event narrated at greater length in the synoptic gospels (Mark 9.2–8; Matt 17.1–8; Luke 9.28–36). While it is theoretically possible that 2 Pet 1.16–18 refers to a story unknown to the gospel tradition, its obvious connections to the synoptic scene leave little doubt that 2 Peter alludes to the transfiguration, a judgment virtually unanimous among scholars. 2 Peter's description of the event differs in several ways from the synoptic scene and the former lacks some features that figure prominently in the latter. The author of 2 Peter does not give a full narration of the event, but rather assumes that his audience is familiar with it.
From a Puppy to the Child Some Problems of Contemporary Biblical Exegesis Demonstrated from Mark 7.24–30/Matt 15.21–8
Authors: Pokorný P.
Published: February 2009

My intention is to discuss some problems of biblical exegesis using as model the pericope on the Syrophoenician woman according to Mark. I assume the priority of Mark (the two sources theory) in spite of the fact that the Matthean parallel bears some traces of independent origin. They are most probably influenced by oral tradition, which was alive at least until the end of the second century, and partially also by the Matthean redaction (Matt 15.24).
The Unbroken Messiah: A Johannine Feature and its Social Functions
Authors: Longenecker Bruce W.
Published: February 2009

Two areas of biblical study identified as ‘growth points’ are the sociological and narrative approaches to early Christianity and its literature. Although these two approaches may be the offspring of different departments within the university, they are intricately related: narratives relate to a social context to the extent that they reinforce or subvert socio-perspectives. This project explores the interface of the two, examining one aspect of the narrative of the Fourth Gospel and considering ways in which it might have functioned within the social context of Johannine Christianity. While some literary critics draw high walls around a text to contain the ‘text world’ and keep it from outside contamination, others work on the basis that narratives are often referential, pointing to other narratives and building their own storyline in relation to them in some fashion. The latter approach is the one taken here, as certain points in the Johannine storyline are considered in relation to two important stories within early Christian tradition and within Judaism. The starting-point for this investigation is the feeding miracle in John 6.
Defining The First-Century CE Synagogue: Problems And Progress
Authors: Kee Howard Clark
Published: February 2009

The basic assumptions of many New Testament scholars about the nature of the synagoge in the first century prior to the First Jewish Revolt continue to match those enunciated by Lee Levine in his introduction to Ancient Synagogues Revealed. The features which he includes in his description are (1) regular prayers; (2) study; (3) sacred meals; (4) repository for communal funds; (5) law courts; (6) general assembly hall; (7) hostel; (8) residence for synagogue officials. Although he refers to Josephus, Acts and Ezra as sources for this historical reconstruction, the primary basis for his assumptions is the familiar Theodotus inscription, found by the French archaeologist Raimond Weill in the course of excavations in the socalled City of David section of the southeastern hill of Jerusalem from November 1913 to March 1914
Mary Of Bethany And Mary Of Magdala-two Female Characters In The Johannine Passion Narrative
Authors: Kitzberger Ingrid Rosa
Published: February 2009

The focus of this investigation is ontwo female charactersin John's Gospel,Mary of BethanyandMary of Magdala. Key are the development and unfolding of these characters within the passion narrative and their relation to other female and male characters. According to Culpepper,‘… one of the most interesting elements of any story is the cast of characters’, and: ‘Much of the power of the Fourth Gospel comes from its vivid characterizations and their effects upon the reader.’ Nevertheless, not much attention has been paid so far to characterization in John (and to characterization in general), and female characters have been even more neglected and treated like stepdaughters. This holds true also for female characters in the Gospel of Mark, which has been the focus of interest in narrative-critical studies.
Der Theologe als Prophet
Authors: Merklein Helmut
Published: February 2009

Wenn ich dieses Wort vom Ende des ersten Thessalonicherbriefes meinen Ausführungen als Motto voranstelle, dann nicht, um mich selbst als Propheten anzupreisen, sondern um anzuzeigen, daβ unter dieser Rücksicht auch Paulus selbst unsere Aufmerksamkeit verdient.
1 Corinthians 9.9–11: A Literal Interpretation of ‘Do not Muzzle the Ox’
Authors: Brewer D. Instone
Published: February 2009

When Paul interprets ‘Do not muzzle the ox while threshing’ as ‘do not neglect to pay Christian ministers’, commentators have quite naturally assumed that his exegesis was allegorical. However, comparisons with contemporary rabbinic exegesis suggest that this would have been regarded as a literal interpretation of the plain meaning of the text.
Culture and Historicity: the Plucking of the Grain (Mark 2.23–28)
Authors: Casey Maurice
Published: February 2009

Mark 2. 23–28 relates an incident which took place when Jesus was walking through the fields with some of his disciples one Saturday: the disciples plucked ears of corn, and some Pharisees objected to this on the ground that it was a breach of Sabbath Law. Jesus defended his disciples with two arguments which have proved difficult to understand, and which have led many scholars to imagine that the passage is not a unity and is mostly a product of the early church. I propose the following reconstruction of Mark's Aramaic source, on the basis of which I shall argue that the incident is authentic and intelligible.
On Following Jesus: the ‘Eager’ Scribe and the ‘Reluctant’ Disciple (Matthew 8.18–22)
Authors: Kingsbury Jack Dean
Published: February 2009

The pericope in Matthew entitled ‘on following Jesus’ (8. 18–22) has sparked more than its share of debate this century. Because it is closely paralleled in Luke (9. 57–60), it has been carefully scrutinized both for information regarding the historical Jesus and in terms of its place in the so-called document Q. Correspondingly less attention has been paid to it as a pericope within Matthew itself. The purpose of this article is to examine it afresh precisely as such. New is the claim that one finds the clue to the proper interpretation of key points by relating it to such ‘call passages’ as Matt 4. 18–20, 21–22; and 9. 9 (cf. further 19. 20–22).
Was Wissen Wir Über Die Sozialstruktur Der Paulinischen Gemeinden?
Authors: Schöllgen G.
Published: February 2009

Die Sozial- und Wirtschaftsgeschichte gehört zu denjenigen Disziplinen der Altertumswissenschaft, die im 20. Jh. die größten Fortschritte gemacht haben; man braucht nur auf die Entwicklung der Epigraphik und der eng mit ihr verbundenen Prosopographie oder auf die beiden monumentalen Monographien von Rostovtzeff hinzuweisen, die dafür ein deutliches Zeugnis ablegen. So ist es nicht verwunderlich, daß sich auch die neutestamentliche Wissenschaft seit etwa 20 Jahren intensiver sozialgeschichtlichen Fragen, speziell dem Problem der sozialen Schichtung der frühen christlichen Gemeinden, widmet.
Worship, Feasts and Ceremonies in the Early Jewish-Christian Church
Authors: Buchanan George Wesley
Published: February 2009

Jewish-Christians readily interpreted the life, ministry and sacrificial death of Jesus in agreement with accepted Jewish concepts: the trinity, the apostolic christology of the Messiah, meritorious suffering in behalf of all Israel, reconciliation of Israel to God through the death of the Messiah, refusal to participate in active rebellion against Rome, and willingness to dispute with other religious sects about many points. The fall of Jerusalem taught them to adjust their worship practices according to Jewish traditions which deemed the temple unnecessary, but they continued to mourn for it and hope for its restoration. Daily and weekly private and congregational worship attempted to fulfil needs formerly met by the function of priests in the temple. Baptism became still more important than before, assuming more responsibility for cleansing from sins, but it did not make circumcision unnecessary. There continued to be scripture reading and exhortation in congregational worship services. Some of them observed the same calendar of feasts as the majority of Jews and also the Jewish Sabbath, but they adhered to the Lord's Day and perhaps some of them even concurred with Gentile-Christians in their Christian adjustments to the old agricultural calendar. Jewish-Christians of the second century were in closer agreement with the theology of the NT and Jews of their day than they would have been with Catholic Christians who lived a few centuries later.
Kyrios Jesus as the Angel of the Lord in Jude 5–7
Authors: Fossum JArl
Published: February 2009

In this article I shall discuss a subject which, to my knowledge, has never been considered before – namely, whether Jude 5–7 presents Jesus as the Angel of the Lord. A final solution to the vexed problem of thevaria lectio(orvariae lectiones) in v. 5 is not of paramount importance in the following pages, for even if it could be agreed that (ò) κύρως was the original reading, it would have to be explainedwhya copyist could feel able to substitute ΊησοṺς for ‘Kyrios’. Some see ‘Jesus’ as the result of a mere ‘transcriptional oversight (―KC being taken for ―IC)’, but text-critical conjectures are to be dismissed if a reading can be given a reasonable meaning, and the same principle would have to apply to an assumed substitution.
‘Conscience’ in 1 Corinthians 8 and 10
Authors: Gooch Paul W.
Published: February 2009

My task is twofold. First, I want to uncover some puzzles and ambiguities in the notion of conscience. Reflection upon the history of words associated with this notion, and upon our current usage, will help us bring some useful distinctions to Paul's text. Second, I wish to examine two passages in Paul, 1 Corinthians 8 and 10. 23–11. 1, in order to determine how we are best to understand Paul's appeal to what is commonly translated as ‘conscience’. The result should be not only a clearer appreciation of Paul's meaning but also the resolution of a puzzle about his ethical advice.
Die Missionsreden der Apostelgeschichte und Dionys von Halikarnass
Authors: Plümacher Eckhard
Published: February 2009

In den vergangenen beiden Dezennien hat, wenn ich recht sehe, die Diskussion darüber, welcher literarischen Gattung das lukanische Geschichtswerk bzw. die Apostelgeschichte zuzurechnen seien, an Intensität zugenommen. Meist ging man davon aus, daß das lukanische Werk, besonders aber die Apostelgeschichte, in den Kontext der antiken Geschichtsschreibung gestellt werden müss-ten, etwa, indem man das Gesamtwerk als ‘popular “general history” written by an amateur Hellenistic historian with credentials in Greek rhetoric’ definierte oder die Apostelgeschichte als historische Monographie klassifizierte, ähnlich den Werken Sallusts und entsprechend dem von Cicero,Ep. ad fam.V 12.2–3 vorgetragenen Programm. Dieser Konsens – wenn er denn wirklich je bestanden haben sollte – wurde dann aber durchbrochen, zunächst von Charles H. Talbert, der das Doppelwerk in den Kontext der Biographie, insbesondere der Philosophenbiographie, stellen wollte, und neuerdings hat man wieder einmal gemeint, die Apostelgeschichte in die Nähe der apokryphen Akten rücken und in ihr so etwas wie einen historischen Roman entdecken zu sollen.
Philippians as Chiasmus: Key to the Structure, Unity and Theme Questions
Authors: Luter A. Boyd , Lee Michelle V.
Published: February 2009

From a practical standpoint, it is a great advantage to ‘kill two birds with one stone’. But it is rare indeed to be able to confront and accomplish three significant tasks in one unified effort. That, however, is exactly what this slender treatment proposes to do: tackle the questions of structure, unity and theme that have long haunted the study of Philippians essentially in ‘one fell swoop’.
AnoiΞaΣ to ΣToma Aytoy? (Matthäus 17.27)
Authors: Schwarz G.
Published: February 2009

Prüfe man die Wunderberichte der Evangelien literar- und sprachkritisch, so lasse sich, meinte J. Jeremias, in mehreren Fällen ‘zeigen oder wenigstens vermuten, daβ eine Wundergeschichte aus einem sprachlichen Miβ-verständnis erwuchs’.
Das Missionsdekret in Galater 2.7–8 als Vereinbarung vom Ersten Besuch Pauli in Jerusalem
Authors: Schmidt A.
Published: February 2009

Ich möchte versuchen darzulegen, daβ Gal 2.7–8 eine Vereinbarung zwischen Paulus und Petrus darstellt, die auf den ersten Besuch Pauli in Jerusalem zurückgeht.
In Defence of Ambiguity: Is There A Hidden Demon In Mark 1.29–31?
Authors: Cook John Granger
Published: February 2009

‘Now Simon's mother-in-law was in bed with a fever, and they told him about her at once. He came and took her by the hand and lifted her up. Then the fever left her, and she began to serve them.’1 Does the author of the Gospel of Mark believe that the fever in Mark 1.30 is demonic? Or does he trace it to the power of God? It is also possible that he looks at the fever as a result of medical causes. It could be the case he author has no clear perception of the cause of the fever. In the Greco-Roman culture of Mark's audience, the fever could be seen as the result of medical, astrological, divine, or demonic causes. This set of facts will be established below. The text in Mark can then be read in four different ways depending on the understanding of fever that the scholar chooses to adopt. Given the cultural possibilities for understanding fever, Mark's text takes on a certain ambiguity. The ambiguity should be carefully upheld in light of recent attempts to precisely identify the Markan etiology of the fever.
Neutestamentliche Theologie Als Biblische Theologie Einige Grundsätzliche Überlegungen
Authors: Müller Mogens
Published: February 2009

Es gibt zwei Bewegungen innerhalb der biblischen Exegese in unserer Forschungstradition. Die eine besteht in einer fortwährenden Akkumulation von Wissen. Neue Funde und eine immer neue Beschäftigung mit den Texten führen zu einem ständig anwachsenden Wissen, das sich – jedenfalls im Prinzip - auf äuβere Tatsachen bezieht. Die andere Bewegung vollzieht sich in Wellen. Sie besteht in einem ständigen Paradigmenwechsel, der meist von dem jeweiligen allgemeinen Kontext bestimmt wird, in dem Exegese betrieben wird. Natürlich finden diese zwei Bewegungen nicht unabhängig voneinander statt. Das Vorverständnis, mit dem der Interpret an die Texte herangeht, ist nicht allein entscheidend für die Art der Exegese, sondern trägt auch zur Akkumulation eines bestimmten Wissens bei, weil es ihn befähigt, das zu sehen, was frühere Paradigmen zu sehen nicht zulieβen. Die exegetische Arbeit geht so auf zwei Ebenen vor sich, denn das angesammelte Wissen muβ letztendlich nach einem Paradigma strukturiert werden. Diese Doppelbewegung wird nicht zuletzt an der Frage deutlich, was neutestamentliche Theologie beziehungsweise was Biblische Theologie ist. Hier hat neues Wissen über die Bibel und über die Benutzung der Bibel im antiken Judentum eine neue Bewegung hervorgerufen. Dasselbe gilt von dem immer intensi–veren Bemühen, Jesus von Nazareth im Rahmen des zeitgenössi–schen Judentums zu verstehen. Die programmatische Über–schrift ‘Jesus der Jude’ hatte in höchstem Maβe Einfluβ auf die Beschäftigung mit neutestamentlicher Theologie.
The Four (Five) Women and other Annotations in Matthew's Genealogy
Authors: Nolland John
Published: February 2009

The place of the four women (five counting Mary) in the Matthean genealogy has been much explored.1The central drive of most of the investigation has been to find a common denominator between the four women, and, if possible, one that can embrace Mary. Occasionally one notes a disgruntled expression of disbelief in any significant commonality, but this has not dimmed the enthusiasm of those who seek to demonstrate one kind of commonality or another.
Effects of Variant Narrators in Acts 10–11
Authors: Kurz William S.
Published: February 2009

One of the cruces interpretum regarding the Acts of the Apostles that continue to reappear in scholarly discussions is why some stories are repeated three or more times. Redaction criticism moved the solutions beyond the earlier theories of multiple sources toward a consensus of attributing repetition to Lukan redaction. One contribution from redactional approaches was the awareness of how emphasis is achieved by repeating accounts of events that are especially pivotal to the overall plot of Acts.
‘The Lord Commanded…but i Have not Used…’ Exegetical and Hermeneutical Reflections on 1 cor 9.14–15
Authors: Horrell David
Published: February 2009

The main focus of this paper is upon just two short verses. They are verses which are interesting, however, partly because they raise questions and relate to debates which are much wider than such a restricted focus might suggest. Like a stone dropped into a pond creating ripples in concentric circles, the exegesis of these two verses is, for me, located within the context of wider debates which, for the sake of openness of method and intention, should briefly be outlined.
Ephesians i. 3–;14 and I Peter I. 3–12
Authors: Coutts J.
Published: February 2009

In this paper I wish to maintain that behind the two passages, Eph. i. 3–14 and I Pet. i. 3–12, lie forms of liturgical prayer, similar in structure, though not identical in content. I shall argue that the relation between each passage and the form which lies behind it is the same, namely that what we have is homily based on a form of prayer, and to some extent reproducing its words. Taken by itself, the evidence for the Ephesians passage is, I think, much stronger. It is possible there, with some show of plausibility, to restore, in its main outline, and some of its details, the original form. When taken together, the two passages add strength to each other.
Prophecy and Prophets in the Revelation of St John
Authors: Hill David
Published: February 2009

The purpose of this paper is to consider four topics which are raised in or by the book of the Revelation and which have received varying degrees of attention in recent scholarly discussion. They are: (i) those features which are prophetic rather than apocalyptic, and their importance in assessing the character of the book; (ii) the identity of the prophets referred to in the book and (if they are Christian prophets) their place in the order of the church; (iii) the relation of prophets and prophecy to the ‘testimony of Jesus’ (ή μαρτυρία l'ησο⋯); and (iv) the evidence which the Revelation provides concerning the activity and contents of Christian prophecy. It is obvious that these topics are all closely interrelated, but for the sake of clarity we shall attempt to treat them separately and in order.
The Promises to David and their Entrance into Christianity—Nailing down a Likely Hypothesis
Authors: Duling Dennis C.
Published: February 2009

The fundamental outlook in what follows is that there is a fairly consistent, compact, yet expanding and developing promise tradition which is founded on the promises to David (and his descendants) in the Hebrew Scriptures; that this tradition in certain ways has been rejuvenated and strengthened in the early Christian period; and that it enters Christianity in connection with the application of these promises to Jesus' resurrection apart from the title Son of David itself, a title whose acceptance and adaptation in early Christianity appears on both historical and redaction critical grounds to be relatively late. The hypothesis is not totally new. My intention will be to put some older information into what will hopefully be an illuminating perspective, to draw out some implications from the perspective itself, and to nail down the hypothesis of the use of Old Testament texts in connection with the resurrection of Jesus a little tighter. I have not undertaken here to trace out a history of tradition in the New Testament such as can now be found in C. Burger's excellent study,Jesus als Davidssohn, though the direction of the paper will support the legitimacy of his starting point in early Christian formulae.
Separation and Identity: Aspects of the Symbolic World of Matt 6.1–18
Authors: Syreeni Kari
Published: February 2009

A salient feature of the so-called cult-didache in Matt 6.1–18 is its concern for typically Jewish forms of piety. Almsgiving, prayer, and fasting are discussed in a way which to many commentators suggests an inner-Jewish debate. The provenance of the section would be a reform movement within Judaism with few distinctive Christian emphases. In contrast to this line of interpretation, it will be argued that the traditional cultic section as well as its redaction and incorporation into the Sermon on the Mount belong in a community which had broken its ties with Judaism decisively on a practical level. The community still adhered to the religious symbols of Judaism, but these symbols were filled with new meanings and were designed to legitimate what was basically a rather different symbolic world.
‘You Abominate False Gods; but Do You Rob Shrines?’ (ROM 2.22b)
Authors: Derrett J. Duncan M.
Published: February 2009

The words ⋯ βδελνσσóμενος τ⋯ εἴδωλα ἱεροσνλεῖς; have given constant trouble, as translations show. They appear in a subordinate passage but they deserve attention. The immediate context is clear. It appears that God will punish sinners of every race and culture, but those subject to the Law of Moses will be judged by that Law (Rom 2.12). It is not a nullity. Nevertheless the Judgment will apply a law ofconscienceto all, includingthem(Rom 2.15–16).
The Pseudo-Clementine Writings and Shem-Tob's Hebrew Matthew
Authors: Howard George
Published: February 2009

In hisHistory of Dogma, Adolph Harnack wrote that the ‘Pseudo-Clementines contribute absolutely nothing to our knowledge of the origin of the Catholic Church and doctrine.’ Hans Lietzmann, Harnack's successor in Berlin, concluded similarly in his assessment of these writings. He wrote that the Clementines are ‘fictions without historical basis, and valueless for the study of the early Christian and Judaistic period’.
Die beiden Brotvermehrungen im Evangelium
Authors: Knackstedt J.
Published: February 2009

Im Evangelium des hl. Matthaeus finden wir manche Dubletten (Doppelberichte, wo ein Faktum oder ein Wort nochmals erscheint) und einfache Wiederholungen. Zu diesen kann man die zusammenfassenden Berichte iv. 23 und ix. 35 rechnen: ‘Und er zog umher…lehrte in ihren Synagogen, predigte die Frohbotschaft vom Reich und heilte jegliche Krankheit…’; ebenso die fünfmalige Überleitung ‘Und es begab sich, als Jesus diese Worte (Gleichnisse, Unterweisungen) beendet hatte…’ (vii. 28; xi. 1; xiii. 53; xiv. 1; xxvi. 1). Eigengut des Mt. ist auch die mehrmals wiederkehrende Schlußbemerkung: ‘Hinausgestoßen in die Finsternis draußen (Feuerofen), wo Heulen und Zähneknirschen ist’ (viii. 12; xiii. 42, 50; xxii. 13; xxiv. 51; xxv. 30). Nur ein einziges Mal finden wir diesen Satz bei Lk. (xiii. 28), aber auch da nicht in demselben großen Zusammenhang wie bei Mt. viii. 12. Obwohl Lk. die Gleichnisse vom bösen Knecht (Mt. xxiv. 51; Lk. xii. 46) und vom faulen Knecht (Mt. xxv. 30; Lk. xix. 27) auch hat, gibt er die Bestrafung doch mit anderen Worten wieder. Diese Wiederholungen darf man wohl ohne Schwierigkeit auf das Konto des Verfassers setzen, der damit die äußerste Strafe, die der Herr androhte,sinngemäßmit diesen Worten wiedergibt, wenn der Heiland selbst die Worte auch nicht sooft gebrauchte.
A Rhetorical Analysis of 2 John according to Greco-Roman Convention
Authors: Watson Duane F.
Published: February 2009

Regarding the biblical authors, St. Augustine the rhetor remarks, ‘Thus there is a kind of eloquence fitting for men most worthy of the highest authority and clearly inspired by God.’ Whatever we may think of this bold statement, the NT does indeed contain numerous portions which exhibit a knowledge of and even a mastery of Greco-Roman rhetoric. Many of these portions of the NT remain unanalyzed from a rhetorical perspective, including the Johannine Epistles.
The Rules Followed by the Editors of the Text Found in the Codex Vaticanus
Authors: O'Neill J. C.
Published: February 2009

All scribes followed rules in general. That would be what they learnt from their masters during their apprenticeship: how to sit and hold the pen; how to attend to the manuscript they were copying whether by eye or by ear; how long to write, when to break, and for how long; the height of the letters, the length of the line, the number of lines to a page. There must have been rules about spelling, rules like ‘Correct spelling mistakes’, or ‘Copy the spelling of the manuscript and do not attempt uniformity.’
Efficacy of the EG95 hydatid vaccine in a macropodid host, the tammar wallaby
Authors: BARNES T. S. , HINDS L. A. , JENKINS D. J. , COLEMAN G. T. , COLEBROOK A. L. , KYNGDON C. T. , GAUCI C. G. , LIGHTOWLERS M. W.
Published: February 2009

In Australia, macropodids are common intermediate hosts for the cestodeEchinococcus granulosus, and sylvatic transmission is maintained via wild dogs. The parasite causes mortality in a number of macropodid species and the sylvatic cycle provides a source of infection to domestic livestock and humans. We determined the efficacy of the hydatid vaccine, EG95 in the tammar wallaby,Macropus eugenii, challenging either 1 or 9 months post-vaccination. EG95 provides similar protection to that seen in sheep (96–100%). Control tammars were significantly more likely to become infected (odds ratio 29·44; CI 4·13, 209·97;P=0·001) and to develop more cysts (count ratio 26·69; CI 5·83, 122·19;P<0·001). The vaccination may be beneficial if administered pre-release in captive breeding programmes for endangered macropodids. Further work to develop oral delivery methods may enable vaccine administration of wild animals and thereby a reduction in sylvatic transmission.
Otto's criticisms of Schleiermacher
Authors: SMITH A. D.
Published: February 2009

An assessment is made of Rudolf Otto's criticisms of Friedrich Schleiermacher's claim that religious feeling is to be interpreted as essentially involving a feeling of absolute dependence. Otto's criticisms are divided into two kinds. The first suggest that a feeling a dependence, even an absolute one, is the wrong sort of feeling to locate at the heart of religious consciousness. It is argued that this criticism is based on misinterpretations of Schleiermacher's view, which is in fact much closer to Otto's than the latter appreciated. The second kind of criticism suggests that the feeling of absolute dependence cannot play the foundational role assigned to it by Schleiermacher, since it is itself a secondary response. It is argued not only that Otto provides no justification for this criticism, but that Otto's own position is incoherent unless Schleiermacher's view is accepted.
Edinburgh, Romanticism and the National Gallery of Scotland
Authors: Prior Nick
Published: February 2009

An explanation for the formation of the National Gallery of Scotland is proposed which affirms the priority of local conditions of cultural production. In the absence of a fecund tradition of art patronage in Scotland, the modernization of Edinburgh's art field in the early nineteenth century depended on the activities of civic elites. The Scottish model of art museum development resembled the later American model more than it did the earlier French one. What was particular to Edinburgh, though, was a strong form of Romanticism in the early nineteenth century. The romantic landscape trope indexed the security of bourgeois power by the 1830s. But its own role was to act as a catalyst in the formation of collection-oriented and professional art institutions, and of a gallery going public in the capital.
Nature and the city: the Parque del Oeste and the expansion of nineteenth-century Madrid
Authors: Menéndez Juan F. Remón
Published: February 2009

Set in the context of the nineteenth-century expansion of Madrid, the Parque del Oeste not only reflected the plans for urban expansion of the city, but it also encapsulated the core values and ideals of the conservative reformist agenda of Spain's Restoration government. The relationships between park and city are explored in the context of the late nineteenth-century expansion of Madrid.
Urban History in the Netherlands: A survey of recent writings and developments
Authors: Diederiks H. A. , van der Laan P. H. J.
Published: February 2009

This article surveys some of the more interesting writings on Dutch urban history over the last decade against the background of the older literature of the subject. It also deals briefly with some current research projects. The choice of what to include has perforce been a subjective one since the field itself is so vast, but an effort has been made to indicate the main stream of historical research now going on. How much more widely that field might have been drawn is perhaps indicated by the subjects that have been relatively neglected: education, town planning, housing and rents, wage movements, patterns of consumption, leisure pursuits, retail distribution.
The Yorkshire Registries of Deeds
Authors: Archer C. A. , Wilkinson R. K.
Published: February 2009

In recent years there has been a growing interest in the process of urban economic development and the role of housing markets in this process is as essential as it is obvious. In order to make progress towards providing answers to some of the important questions relating to the development of towns, it is necessary to try to obtain more precise information on trends in house prices, the level and structure of housing demand and the character of the supply side of the markets. Studies of local housing markets, however, have been constrained by the lack of reliable data on the most important variables and are, therefore, characteristically qualitative and descriptive. Our main objective, therefore, when embarking on the study described below, was to obtain reliable data on which to base analyses of local housing markets.
The National Sample from the 1851 Census of Great Britain: Sampling and data handling procedures
Authors: Anderson Michael , Collins Brenda , Stott Craig
Published: February 2009

Over the past two decades the enumerators' books of the nineteenth-century censuses have rightly become one of the major sources for the study of nineteenth-century social structure. Containing as they do, for the whole population of Great Britain, information on name, residence, marital status, relationship to household head, sex, age, occupation, birthplace and infirmity of sight or hearing, they have made possible a wide range of studies of, for example, patterns of residence, household composition, occupational structure, migration, age of marriage, patterns of education and farm labour utilization. Linked to other sources or bodies of material they have been used in studies of class consciousness, voting, voluntary association membership, property ownership and development, farming, poverty, the employment of married women and servant keeping, to name but a few.
Social mobility in America and Europe: a comparison of nineteenth-century cities
Authors: Kaelble Hartmut
Published: February 2009

‘There is still a class of menials and a class of masters, but these classes are not always composed of the same individuals, still less of the same families; and those who command are not more secure of perpetuity than those who obey—At any moment a servant may become a master, and he aspires to rise to that condition’. This view of social mobility in North America by Alexis de Tocqueville in 1840 has been the predominant perception almost to the present. Only after the Second World War did two basically different arguments emerge. On the one hand, historians of social mobility in nineteenth-century American and European cities, such as Boston, Marseille, and Bochum came to the tentative conclusion that rates of upward social mobility were in fact higher in the United States than in Europe and that this was especially true for upward mobility from the working-class into non-manual occupations. In effect, their assessments corroborated the assertion which Tocqueville had made more than a century ago. The explanation for these differences, historians argued, was to be found in the values of the European working class: a strong traditional commitment to the occupational heredity, or the beginnings of class consciousness, kept European workers from using chances of social ascent into non-manual occupations much more than American workers. On the other hand, Seymour M. Lipset and Reinhard Bendix have claimed that social mobility becomes similarly high in all societies, once a certain degree of industrialization and economic expansion has been reached. The idea behind this argument is that rates of social mobility depend on economic development and changes of occupational structure, which both follow the same basic pattern in Europe and North America. Whilst the empirical evidence for this assessment depends on post-1945 studies of social mobility in America and Europe, there are grounds for projecting the argument back to the late nineteenth century. First, if economic development does lead to similar mobility rates, this effect should have emerged by the end of the era of industrialization. Secondly, studies of the trend of social mobility in the United States as well as in various European countries show the same long term stability of rates of social mobility since the late nineteenth century. Hence, if rates of social mobility were similar after the Second World War, and if the long term trend was similar too, mobility rates at the end of the era of industrialization cannot have differed much.
Urban history in Australasia
Authors: Hamer D. A. , Kelly Max
Published: February 2009

New Zealand's national myths have emphasized the rural frontier. The archetypal and most commonly celebrated colonist has been the backblocks settler, the cow cockie, and to some extent the gold miner. New Zealanders have never seen much glamour in their towns. Yet from the very beginning New Zealand has been a mainly urban society. Many towns were founded in the early stages of European settlement, and New Zealand has exhibited in modified form the tendency to ‘metropolitanism’ characteristic of other countries that were settled in the mid-nineteenth century. The urban historian could have a very important role to play in helping New Zealanders to come to terms with, and absorb into their sense of national identity, this major aspect of their national existence.
Residential mobility in seventeenth-century Southwark
Authors: Boulton Jeremy
Published: February 2009

It is nearly two decades since Tony Wrigley first discussed the possible effects that the experience of London life may have had on changing the society of seventeenth-century England. Despite some excellent work on certain aspects of London's social history, however, his qualification still stands: ‘too little is known of the sociological differences between life in London and life in provincial England to afford a clear perception of the impact of London's growth upon the country as a whole’. Among the obstacles to this latter goal are that metropolitan and provincial society are often seen as qualitatively different and, perhaps in consequence, comparisons between the two have not been seriously attempted. What is needed is a model which might serve to embrace the experiences of both urban and rural inhabitants within a common framework.
The LCC Centenary History Project: an Experiment in Collaborative History
Authors: Saint Andrew
Published: February 2009

In September 1985 full-time work began, under the auspices of the Institute of Historical Research, on writing a co-operative, up-to-date volume on the history of the London County Council to appear in its centenary year, 1989. The inauguration of this ambitious project occurred-fitly in some ways, in others ominously-at just the time that the Greater London Council was about to disappear and with it a 100-year-old assumption that ‘unitary metropolitan government’ is inevitable and natural. Nobody thinks that the problems of London government are going to go away after GLC abolition, and the most exciting thing that might come out of a reinterpretation of the LCC's history is that it could inform future debate about what metropolitan government has been and can be, and what it has done and can do for Londoners. That is certainly our intention.
Reclaiming ‘antique’ data: Charles Booth's poverty survey
Authors: Bales Kevin
Published: February 2009

The place of Charles Booth's London poverty survey within an empirical tradition of sociology has been much discussed in recent years. The pivotal position which Booth had in this tradition was highlighted by Philip Abrams especially. Booth's achievement, it has been claimed, was to illuminate the structural underpinnings of poverty rather than just its extent. In doing so he not only challenged the assumptions of political economy but brought new life to the tradition of house-to-house surveys and case-studies as practised by those involved in the statistical movement of the nineteenth century in Britain. Booth sought answers to narrowly denned social problems, seeking to generate new and superior data capable of bearing the questions. His was the habit of ‘ad hoc compartmentalised research’, from which one main line of development was the government enquiries of the Webb era and beyond. Another line of descent can be traced in the social survey movement centred in the United States, and through this Booth's influence spread to the Chicago school of urban sociologists. Despite this wideranging influence those who followed Booth's lead studied his own descriptions of his findings and methods, and rarely, if ever, looked behind the published volumes to the varied materials generated by the large-scale research project he masterminded. These materials represent a rich and varied source of data which have so far been relatively little used by historians, and then mainly in a minor illustrative way.