bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Soil Properties Related to the Occurrence of Rock Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria in the Rhizosphere Soil of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) in Morocco
Authors: Rfaki Abderrazak , Zennouhi Omar , Nassiri Laila , Ibijbijen Jamal
Published: May 2018

This study focused on revealing the correlations between rock phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) counts and differing properties of the rhizosphere soil. One hundred and thirty-two samples of rhizosphere soil of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) were collected and analyzed from 14 agricultural areas in Meknes, Morocco. The results revealed that all the samples were inhabited with indigenous PSB ranging from 3.55 to 0.002 (×105 CFU/g soil). The correlations between PSB counts and cation exchange capacity, available phosphorus (P), and pH were insignificant; on the contrary, a highly significant correlation (p ≤ 0.01) was found between the numbers of PSB and total soil bacteria (TB) (r = 0.80), total nitrogen (N) (r = 0.86), and organic matter (r = 0.90). This research enhances our knowledge on PSB population and their interaction with physical, chemical, and biological properties of the rhizosphere soil of faba bean to provide a new index for better use in organic agricultural practices.
Analysis of Travel Decision-Making for Urban Elderly Healthcare Activities under Temporal and Spatial Constraints
Authors: Li Xuefeng , Zhang Yong , Du Mingyang
Published: May 2018

This paper explores the travel decision-making process of healthcare behavior of urban elderly under different temporal and spatial constraints. Firstly, based on time geography, a two-dimensional space-time trip chain is applied and the concept of healthcare constraint degree (HCD) is proposed. Then, the elderly’s medical treatment activities are divided into two categories: strong constraint activity and weak constraint activity, based on 625 samples in Kunming, China. Lastly, an improved multinomial logit model is adopted to determine the significant factors affecting the travel mode choice of these two types of activities. The results show that the travel mode choice of the elderly to healthcare facilities is not the same under different spatio-temporal constraints: strong constraint activity is mainly affected by external factors (such as travel time, travel distance, bus station distance and walking accessibility), whereas weak constraint activity is influenced by internal family factors (such as car pick-up, accompanied by family, and the number of family members with a driver’s license). These findings present a new perspective for understanding the healthcare behavior of the elderly and provide a convincing support for the formulation of urban transportation planning policies.
Passive Ventilation for Indoor Comfort: A Comparison of Results from Monitoring and Simulation for a Historical Building in a Temperate Climate
Authors: Laurini Eleonora , De Vita Mariangela , De Berardinis Pierluigi , Friedman Avi
Published: May 2018

When environmental sustainability is a key feature of an intervention on a building, the design must guarantee minimal impact and damage to the environment. The last ten years have seen a steady increase in the installation of highly efficient systems for winter heating, but this trend has not been mirrored for summer cooling systems. Passive ventilation, however, is a means of summer air conditioning with a low financial and environmental impact. Natural ventilation methods such as “wind towers” have been used to achieve adequate levels of internal comfort in buildings. However, the application of these systems in old town centres, where buildings are often of great architectural value, is complex. This study started with the analysis of various ventilation chimneys in order to identify the most suitable system for temperate climes. Ventilation systems were then designed using static analysis of ventilation with specific software, and installed. The results were assessed and monitored using climatic sensors over the summer period, in order to establish the period of maximum functionality to optimize the system’s performance.
Relationship between Rural Built Environment and Household Vehicle Ownership: An Empirical Analysis in Rural Sichuan, China
Authors: Ao Yibin , Chen Chuan , Yang Dujuan , Wang Yan
Published: May 2018

With the rapid rural urbanization and new rural construction in China, tremendous changes are occurring in rural built environments and rural household vehicle ownership. However, few studies have examined the relationship between rural built environments and rural household vehicle ownership. In this study, a questionnaire survey of 374 rural households was conducted and the built environment data of seven typical villages in rural Sichuan were collected using Geographic Information System (GIS) technology and on-site measurement. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the rural built environment and rural household vehicle ownership in China through a multinomial logit (MNL) model. Results show that household structure attributes have the most significant relationship with vehicle ownership, followed by rural built environment attributes and the respondents’ driving skills. In the process of urbanization, with increases in building density, road density, and destination accessibility, an increase in high-carbon vehicle ownership is an inevitable trend among rural households. However, low-carbon-oriented rural planning can effectively control the increase in high-carbon vehicle ownership. For example, the distance between rural households and important destinations, such as hospitals, schools, and markets, should be shortened and rural residents should be encouraged to learn to ride bicycles. Moreover, rural residents riding motorcycles can effectively reduce household car ownership.
Adsorption and Desorption of Phosphorus in Biochar-Amended Black Soil as Affected by Freeze-Thaw Cycles in Northeast China
Authors: Han Ying , Choi Byoungkoo , Chen Xiangwei
Published: May 2018

Substantial soil phosphorus (P) losses often occur in the northern temperate regions owing to soil freeze-thaw cycles (FTCs). Presumably, biochar amendment is an efficient method of conserving P and sustaining agricultural production in the black soil region of northeast China. However, how biochar interacts with FTCs to affect soil P adsorption and desorption is unclear. A simulated laboratory FTC experiment was conducted on untreated and biochar-amended soil with varying moisture content to assess their effects on P adsorption and desorption. Soil P adsorption and desorption values were fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms to determine the interaction of the frequency of FTCs with moisture content and biochar amendment. Higher soil moisture content increased soil P adsorption, whereas biochar amendment mitigated decreased P retention by decreasing soil P adsorption capacity. Biochar amendment significantly increased the desorption ratio (Davg) under all the FTCs. The desorption ratio of soil and biochar-amended soil in saturated moisture content treatment was significantly higher than that of 12 FTCs. The FTCs decreased the P availability of biochar-amended soil by enhancing P desorbability. Our results suggest that biochar amendment in arable black soil should not be conducted during FTCs, particularly during snowmelt.
How to Improve New Generation Migrant Workers’ Entrepreneurial Willingness—A Moderated Mediation Examination from the Sustainable Perspective
Authors: Lin Qiaoyan , Mai Qiang
Published: May 2018

Drawing on government service quality theory, we examined the impact of government service quality on new generation migrant workers’ entrepreneurial willingness. This paper proposed that government trust mediates the relationship between government service quality and new generation migrant workers’ entrepreneurial willingness, and the entrepreneurial climate plays a positive moderating role. Using the survey data of 472 new generation migrants, empirical results support the hypotheses. This research reveals that government trust plays an important role in the relationship between government service quality and migrant workers’ entrepreneurial willingness, which has important theory contribution, but also practical implications for effectively constructing government trust and managing migrant workers’ entrepreneurial willingness.
Methodological Issues Regarding Biofuels and Carbon Uptake
Authors: DeCicco John M.
Published: May 2018

Questions regarding the net effect of biofuels on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions have been difficult to resolve because of methodological uncertainties. One method of choice is lifecycle assessment (LCA), which takes a fuel product system as its object of analysis. LCA uses a static system model, with carbon flows averaged over a defined “lifecycle”. Although it may evaluate some carbon stock changes, the LCA convention of treating biogenic CO2 emissions as fully offset by the carbon embodied in a biofuel’s feedstock renders its results independent of the dominant portion of carbon uptake on the land from which the feedstock is sourced. An application of material flow analysis termed annual basis carbon (ABC) accounting captures system dynamics and is fully sensitive to changes in carbon uptake. This paper compares the LCA and ABC methods, and contrasts their respective results for a case study of real-world biofuel production. It highlights the large impact of baseline carbon uptake, which can affect the sign of the results from either a likely decrease or a likely increase in net CO2 emissions even before considering economically-induced effects. Implications include the need for further methodological work, new program-scale model development, an empirical re-analysis of biofuel systems, and a reconsideration of existing public policies and research priorities.
Blast Damage Assessment of Symmetrical Box-Shaped Underground Tunnel According to Peak Particle Velocity (PPV) and Single Degree of Freedom (SDOF) Criteria
Authors: Mussa Mohamed , Mutalib Azrul , Hamid Roszilah , Raman Sudharshan
Published: May 2018

This study aimed to determine the reliability of the damage criteria that was adopted by the peak particle velocity (PPV) method and the single degree of freedom (SDOF) approach to assess the damage level of a box-shaped underground tunnel. An advanced arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian (ALE) technique available in LS-DYNA software was used to simulate a symmetrical underground tunnel that was subjected to a surface detonation. The validation results of peak pressure into the soil revealed a good consistency with the TM5-855-1 manual within differences that were much less than previous numerical studies. The pressure contours revealed that the blast waves travelled into the soil in a hemispherical shape and the peak reflected the pressure of the tunnel that occurred immediately before the incident pressure reached its highest value. The assessment results proved that the criteria of the above methods could efficiently predict the damage level of a box-shaped tunnel under different circumstances of explosive charge weight and lining thickness at a depth of 4 m within slight differences that were observed during van and small delivery truck (SDT) explosions. However, the efficiency of both the methods was varied with the increase of burial depth. Whereas, using the PPV method significantly underestimated or overestimated the damage level of the tunnel, especially during SDT and container explosions with a lining thickness of 250 mm at burial depths of 6 and 8 m, respectively, the damage level that was obtained by the SDOF method greatly matched with the observed failure modes of the tunnel. Furthermore, new boundary conditions and equations were proposed for the damage criteria of the PVV method.
False Data Injection Attack Based on Hyperplane Migration of Support Vector Machine in Transmission Network of the Smart Grid
Authors: Wang Baoyao , Zhu Peidong , Chen Yingwen , Xun Peng , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: May 2018

The smart grid is a key piece of infrastructure and its security has attracted widespread attention. The false data injection (FDI) attack is one of the important research issues in the field of smart grid security. Because this kind of attack has a great impact on the safe and stable operation of the smart grid, many effective detection methods have been proposed, such as an FDI detector based on the support vector machine (SVM). In this paper, we first analyze the problem existing in the detector based on SVM. Then, we propose a new attack method to reduce the detection effect of the FDI detector based on SVM and give a proof. The core of the method is that the FDI detector based on SVM cannot detect the attack vectors which are specially constructed and can replace the attack vectors into the training set when it is updated. Therefore, the training set is changed and then the next training result will be affected. With the increase of the number of the attack vectors which are injected into the positive space, the hyperplane moves to the side of the negative space, and the detection effect of the FDI detector based on SVM is reduced. Finally, we analyze the impact of different data injection modes for training results. Simulation experiments show that this attack method can impact the effectiveness of the FDI detector based on SVM.
Time-Course Microarray Analysis Reveals Differences between Transcriptional Changes in Tomato Leaves Triggered by Mild and Severe Variants of Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid
Authors: Więsyk Aneta , Iwanicka-Nowicka Roksana , Fogtman Anna , Zagórski-Ostoja Włodzimierz , Góra-Sochacka Anna
Published: May 2018

Viroids are small non-capsidated non-coding RNA replicons that utilize host factors for efficient propagation and spread through the entire plant. They can incite specific disease symptoms in susceptible plants. To better understand viroid-plant interactions, we employed microarray analysis to observe the changes of gene expression in “Rutgers” tomato leaves in response to the mild (M) and severe (S23) variants of potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTVd). The changes were analyzed over a time course of viroid infection development: (i) the pre-symptomatic stage; (ii) early symptoms; (iii) full spectrum of symptoms and (iv) the so-called ‘recovery’ stage, when stem regrowth was observed in severely affected plants. Gene expression profiles differed depending on stage of infection and variant. In S23-infected plants, the expression of over 3000 genes was affected, while M-infected plants showed 3-fold fewer differentially expressed genes, only 20% of which were specific to the M variant. The differentially expressed genes included many genes related to stress; defense; hormone metabolism and signaling; photosynthesis and chloroplasts; cell wall; RNA regulation, processing and binding; protein metabolism and modification and others. The expression levels of several genes were confirmed by nCounter analysis.
An Investigation on Performance and Structure of Ecological Revetment in a Sub-Tropical Area: A Case Study on Cuatien River, Vinh City, Vietnam
Authors: Tang Van , Fu Dafang , Ngoc Binh Tran , Rene Eldon , Sang Tang , Singh Rajendra
Published: May 2018

The current study was performed with an aim to investigate the performance of ecological revetments implemented on the bank of the Cuatien River in Vinh city, Vietnam. Based on the ecological, topographical, and hydrological conditions of the Cuatien River, the gabion and riprap models were introduced to investigate the effect of ecological revetment on the slope stability and ecological restoration characteristics. The effect of prevailing climatic indicators, such as temperature, precipitation, sunlight hours, and humidity were investigated to ascertain the characteristics of weather conditions on the subtropical area. On the surface soil layer of the gabion and riprap, the nutrient indicators of soil organic matter (SOM) and available nitrogen (AN) increased in the spring, summer, and winter, but decreased in autumn, and available phosphorus (AP) did not show an obvious change in the four seasons. The biomass growth rate of Vetiver grass on the gabion and riprap revetments was found to be the highest during the summer, at 15.11 and 17.32 g/month, respectively. The root system of Vetiver and other native plants could increase the cohesion of soil. After 6 and 12 months, the shear strength of the soil behind the gabion revetment increased by 59.6% and 162.9%, while the shear strength of the soil under the riprap also increased by 115.6% and 239.1%, respectively. The results also indicated that the gabion and riprap revetments could improve the river water purification effect and increase the ecological diversity in the region. In the current study, 26 floral and 9 faunal species were detected in the riprap revetment, whereas 14 floral and 5 faunal species were detected in the gabion revetment, respectively. Through high sequencing technology, the number of bacterial species in the present study was found to be 198, 332, and 351 in the water, gabion, and riprap samples, respectively.
Evaluation of PHEVs Fuel Efficiency and Cost Using Monte Carlo Analysis
Authors: Faron Gregoire , Pagerit Sylvain , Rousseau Aymeric
Published: May 2018

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) offer a great opportunity to significantly reduce petroleum consumption. The potential fuel displacement is influenced by several parameters, including powertrain configuration, component technology, drive cycle, distance… The objective of this paper is to evaluate the impact of component assumptions on fuel efficiency using Monte Carlo analysis. When providing simulation results, researchers agree that a single value cannot be used due to large amount of uncertainties. In previous papers, we have used triangular distribution, but assuming that all inputs were correlated lead to improper results. Monte Carlo allows users to properly evaluate uncertainties while taking dependencies into account. To do so, uncertainties are defined for several inputs, including efficiency, mass and cost. For each assumption, an uncertainty distribution will be defined to evaluate the fuel efficiency and cost of a particular vehicle with a determined probability.
Defining a Representative Vibration Durability Test for Electric Vehicle (EV) Rechargeable Energy Storage Systems (RESS)
Authors: Hooper J.M. , Marco J
Published: May 2018

This study defines a process to devise random power spectral density (PSD) profiles that are representative of 100,000 miles of UK customer electric vehicle (EV) usage utilising vibration measurements from three contemporary EV’s, for undertaking vibration durability evaluations of underfloor mounted rechargeable energy storage systems (RESS). This paper also presents a critical assessment of current random vibration test procedures available to engineers for validating the mechanical performance of EV RESS via comparing the shock response spectrum (SRS) and fatigue damage spectrum (FDS) of these standards to the SRS and FDS of 100,000 miles UK durability.
Laminar and Turbulent Dynamos in Chiral Magnetohydrodynamics. II. Simulations
Authors: Schober Jennifer , Rogachevskii Igor , Brandenburg Axel , Boyarsky Alexey , Fröhlich Jürg , Ruchayskiy Oleg , Kleeorin Nathan
Published: May 2018

Using direct numerical simulations (DNS), we study laminar and turbulent dynamos in chiral magnetohydrodynamics with an extended set of equations that accounts for an additional contribution to the electric current due to the chiral magnetic effect (CME). This quantum phenomenon originates from an asymmetry between left- and right-handed relativistic fermions in the presence of a magnetic field and gives rise to a chiral dynamo. We show that the magnetic field evolution proceeds in three stages: (1) a small-scale chiral dynamo instability, (2) production of chiral magnetically driven turbulence and excitation of a large-scale dynamo instability due to a new chiral effect (α

μ
effect), and (3) saturation of magnetic helicity and magnetic field growth controlled by a conservation law for the total chirality. The α

μ
effect becomes dominant at large fluid and magnetic Reynolds numbers and is not related to kinetic helicity. The growth rate of the large-scale magnetic field and its characteristic scale measured in the numerical simulations agree well with theoretical predictions based on mean-field theory. The previously discussed two-stage chiral magnetic scenario did not include stage (2), during which the characteristic scale of magnetic field variations can increase by many orders of magnitude. Based on the findings from numerical simulations, the relevance of the CME and the chiral effects revealed in the relativistic plasma of the early universe and of proto-neutron stars are discussed.
Interplanetary Shocks Inducing Magnetospheric Supersubstorms (SML < −2500 nT): Unusual Auroral Morphologies and Energy Flow
Authors: Hajra Rajkumar , Tsurutani Bruce T.
Published: May 2018

We present case studies of two interplanetary shock-induced supersubstorms (SSSs) with extremely high intensities (peak SML −4418 and −2668 nT) and long durations (∼1.7 and ∼3.1 hr). The events occurred on 2005 January 21 and 2010 April 5, respectively. It is shown that these SSSs have a different auroral evolution than a nominal Akasofu-type substorm. The auroras associated with the SSSs did not have the standard midnight onset and following expansion. Instead, at the time of the SML index peak, the midnight sector was generally devoid of intense auroras, while the most intense auroras were located in the premidnight and postmidnight magnetic local times. Precursor energy input through magnetic reconnection was insufficient to balance the large ionospheric energy dissipation during the SSSs. It is argued that besides the release of stored magnetotail energy during the SSSs, these were powered by additional direct driving through both dayside magnetic reconnection and solar wind ram energy.
A Comparative Study between a Failed and a Successful Eruption Initiated from the Same Polarity Inversion Line in AR 11387
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Wang Yuming , Zhou Zhenjun , Dissauer Karin , Temmer Manuela , Cui Jun
Published: May 2018

In this paper, we analyzed a failed and a successful eruption that initiated from the same polarity inversion line within NOAA AR 11387 on 2011 December 25. They both started from a reconnection between sheared arcades, with distinct pre-eruption conditions and eruption details: before the failed one, the magnetic fields of the core region had a weaker non-potentiality; the external fields had a similar critical height for torus instability, and a similar local torus-stable region, but a larger magnetic flux ratio (of low corona and near-surface region) compared to the successful one. During the failed eruption, a smaller Lorentz force impulse was exerted on the outward ejecta; the ejecta had a much slower rising speed. Factors that might lead to the initiation of the failed eruption are identified: (1) a weaker non-potentiality of the core region, and a smaller Lorentz force impulse gave the ejecta a small momentum; (2) the large flux ratio, and the local torus-stable region in the corona provided strong confinements that made the erupting structure regain an equilibrium state.
Repeated Transient Jets from a Warped Disk in the Symbiotic Prototype Z And: A Link to the Long-lasting Active Phase
Authors: Skopal Augustin , Tarasova Taya. N. , Wolf Marek , Dubovský Pavol A. , Kudzej Igor
Published: May 2018

Active phases of some symbiotic binaries survive for a long time, from years to decades. The accretion process onto a white dwarf (WD) sustaining long-lasting activity, and sometimes leading to collimated ejection, is not well understood. We present the repeated emergence of highly collimated outflows (jets) from the symbiotic prototype Z And during its 2008 and 2009–10 outbursts and suggest their link to the current long-lasting (from 2000) active phase. We monitored Z And with high-resolution spectroscopy, multicolor UBVR
C—and high time resolution—photometry. The well-pronounced bipolar jets were ejected again during the 2009–10 outburst together with the simultaneous emergence of the rapid photometric variability (Δm ≈ 0.06 mag) on the timescale of hours, showing similar properties as those during the 2006 outburst. These phenomena and the measured disk–jets connection could be caused by the radiation-induced warping of the inner disk due to a significant increase of the burning WD luminosity. Ejection of transient jets by Z And around outburst maxima signals a transient accretion at rates above the upper limit of the stable hydrogen burning on the WD surface, and thus proves the nature of Z And-type outbursts. The enhanced accretion through the disk warping, supplemented by the accretion from the giant’s wind, can keep a high luminosity of the WD for a long time, until depletion of the disk. In this way, the jets provide a link to long-lasting active phases of Z And.
The Orientation of Eta Carinae and the Powering Mechanism of Intermediate-luminosity Optical Transients (ILOTS)
Authors: Kashi Amit , Soker Noam
Published: May 2018

Contrary to recent claims, we argue that the orientation of the massive binary system Eta Carinae is such that the secondary star is closer to us at periastron passage, and it is on the far side during most of the time of the eccentric orbit. The binary orientation we dispute is based on problematic interpretations of recent observations. Among these are the radial velocity of the absorption component of He i P-Cyg lines, of the He ii λ4686 emission line, and of the Br γ line emitted by clumps close to the binary system. We also base our orientation on observations of asymmetric molecular clumps that were recently observed by ALMA around the binary system, and were claimed to compose a torus with a missing segment. The orientation has implications for the modeling of the binary interaction during the nineteenth century Great Eruption (GE) of Eta Carinae that occurred close to periastron passage. The orientation where the secondary is closer to us at periastron leads us to suggest that the mass-missing side of the molecular clumps is a result of accretion onto the secondary star during periastron passage when the clumps were ejected, probably during the GE. The secondary star accreted a few solar masses during the GE and the energy from the accretion process consists of the majority of the GE energy. This in turn strengthens the more general model according to which many intermediate-luminosity optical transients (ILOTS) are powered by accretion onto a secondary star.
Deep Learning Identifies High-z Galaxies in a Central Blue Nugget Phase in a Characteristic Mass Range
Authors: Huertas-Company M. , Primack J. R. , Dekel A. , Koo D. C. , Lapiner S. , Ceverino D. , Simons R. C. , Snyder G. F. , Bernardi M. , Chen Z. , Domínguez-Sánchez H. , Lee C. T. , Margalef-Bentabol B. , Tuccillo D.
Published: May 2018

We use machine learning to identify in color images of high-redshift galaxies an astrophysical phenomenon predicted by cosmological simulations. This phenomenon, called the blue nugget (BN) phase, is the compact star-forming phase in the central regions of many growing galaxies that follows an earlier phase of gas compaction and is followed by a central quenching phase. We train a convolutional neural network (CNN) with mock “observed” images of simulated galaxies at three phases of evolution— pre-BN, BN, and post-BN—and demonstrate that the CNN successfully retrieves the three phases in other simulated galaxies. We show that BNs are identified by the CNN within a time window of ∼0.15 Hubble times. When the trained CNN is applied to observed galaxies from the CANDELS survey at z = 1–3, it successfully identifies galaxies at the three phases. We find that the observed BNs are preferentially found in galaxies at a characteristic stellar mass range, 109.2–10.3
M
⊙ at all redshifts. This is consistent with the characteristic galaxy mass for BNs as detected in the simulations and is meaningful because it is revealed in the observations when the direct information concerning the total galaxy luminosity has been eliminated from the training set. This technique can be applied to the classification of other astrophysical phenomena for improved comparison of theory and observations in the era of large imaging surveys and cosmological simulations.
Reducing Missed Opportunities for Influenza Vaccination in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: Evaluation of a Multisystem Intervention
Authors: Broderick Rachel , Ventura Iazsmin , Soroosh Sunoz , Franco Lourdes , Giles Jon T.
Published: May 2018

Objective.

To assess a multimodal intervention for reducing missed opportunities for outpatient influenza vaccination in individuals with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

Patients with RA were enrolled from a single center and each rheumatology outpatient visit was tracked for missed opportunities for influenza vaccination, defined as a visit in which an unvaccinated patient without contraindications remained unvaccinated or lacked documentation of vaccine recommendation in the electronic medical record (EMR). Providers then received a multimodal intervention consisting of an education session, EMR alerts, and weekly provider-specific e-mail reminders. Missed opportunities before and after the intervention were compared, and the determinants of missed opportunities were analyzed.

Results.

A total of 228 patients with RA were enrolled (904 preintervention visits) and 197 returned for at least 1 postintervention visit (721 postintervention visits). The preintervention frequency of any missed opportunities for influenza vaccination was 47%. This was reduced to 23% postintervention (p < 0.001). Among those vaccinated, the relative hazard for influenza vaccination post- versus preintervention period was 1.24 (p = 0.038). Younger age, less frequent office visits, higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and negative attitudes about vaccines were each independently associated with missed opportunities preintervention. Postintervention, these factors were no longer associated with missed opportunities; however, the intervention was not as effective in non-Hispanic black patients, non-English speakers, those residing outside of the New York City metropolitan area, and those reporting prior adverse reactions to vaccines.

Conclusion.

Improved uptake of influenza vaccination in patients with RA is possible using a multimodal approach. Certain subgroups may need a more potent intervention for equivalent efficacy.
High Disease Activity Is Associated with Self-reported Depression and Predicts Persistent Depression in Early Rheumatoid Arthritis: Results from the Ontario Best Practices Research Initiative
Authors: Kuriya Bindee , Joshi Raman , Movahedi Mohammad , Rampakakis Emmanouil , Sampalis John S. , Bombardier Claire ,   Ontario Best Practices Research Initiative Investigators
Published: May 2018

Objective.

We sought to determine if initial high disease activity or changes in disease activity contribute to persistent depression in early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA). We also determined if disease activity and depression is modified by sex.

Methods.

Depression was ascertained by self-report among patients enrolled in the Ontario Best Practices Research Initiative. The association between baseline disease activity, measured by the Clinical Disease Activity Index (CDAI), and persistent depression was evaluated with multivariate regression models, and effect modification by sex was tested. A general estimating equation assessed the association between change in CDAI over time and risk of depression.

Results.

The sample of 469 ERA subjects was predominantly female (73%). At baseline, the prevalence of depression was 26%, and 23% reported persistent depression. After adjusting for potential confounders, higher baseline CDAI was associated with both baseline and persistent depression (OR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05). Female sex was an effect modifier of this relationship (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.06). Maintaining a moderate or high CDAI score over 2 years also increased the risk of future depression.

Conclusion.

Depression in ERA is common and initial high disease activity is associated with the probability of depression and its persistence. This risk seems particularly modified in women with active disease and represents an area for targeted focus and screening. Future studies in ERA are needed to determine if intervening during the “window of opportunity” to control disease activity has the potential to mitigate the development and maintenance of adverse mental health outcomes, including depression.
La socialisation artistique des enfants dans les musées
Authors: Desmitt Claire
Published: May 2018

Cet article, qui s’appuie sur les matériaux qualitatifs d’enquêtes de terrain conduites dans trois musées d’art, s’intéresse aux processus de socialisation artistique dans le cadre de la mise en « contact » d’enfants avec des œuvres d’art dans des musées. En observant essentiellement les dispositifs – matériels et humains – de mise à distance des corps ainsi que les règles – explicites et implicites – et les règlements produits par les musées, il montre comment les corps enfantins sont « dressés » et formés à adopter les « bonnes » attitudes vis à vis des artefacts. La mise au jour de ces processus d’incorporation permet de comprendre la manière dont peut se construire, dès l’enfance, un rapport de déférence aux objets d’art.
Rapports des jeunes au travail, pratiques d’emploi et diplômes
Authors: Longo María Eugenia
Published: May 2018

Depuis les années 1980, plusieurs études ont montré la différenciation des parcours professionnels. Cette différenciation comporte une composante de singularisation liée aux arbitrages et aux choix des acteurs, qui peut se comprendre à la lumière des rapports à la vie professionnelle. L’analyse de ceux-ci permet à la fois de multiplier les dimensions à considérer – l’activité, le travail, l’emploi, le monde professionnel – et de les réunir sous un même objet, pour porter un regard affiné sur la dimension qui est réellement en jeu et qui opère dans les parcours. De plus, ces dimensions et combinaisons doivent être analysées dans une perspective dynamique. Enfin, ces rapports nous permettent de repérer le diplôme ou l’origine sociale lors de l’orientation d’un cheminement. Les données sont issues d’une recherche qualitative et longitudinale sur les parcours de 84 jeunes femmes et hommes avec et sans diplôme en Argentine.
Diplômés/non-diplômés en France : une critique de la distinction au regard de la dévalorisation des diplômes
Authors: Eckert Henri
Published: May 2018

La distinction entre diplômés et non-diplômés est-elle encore pertinente dans un contexte où certains diplômes n’assurent plus qu’un bien mince avantage à leurs titulaires, tandis que les conditions d’insertion professionnelle de ces derniers et celles des non-diplômés se rapprochent ? La situation française actuelle incite à poser la question. Nous l’abordons, dans le cadre de cet article, en prenant appui sur des données statistiques issues des enquêtes Génération réalisées par le CEREQ et sur des enquêtes qualitatives, par entretien, auprès de jeunes récemment sortis du système de formation initiale. Leur vif désir de travailler ne permet plus toujours à ces jeunes d’accéder facilement à l’emploi durable.
Savoirs fabriqués. La construction politique et sociologique des savoirs au prisme d’un projet mexicain d’étude sur le maïs
Authors: Gérard Étienne
Published: May 2018

Sur la base d’une ethnographie d’un projet ministériel mexicain sur le maïs, ce texte met au jour le fait que la production de savoirs sur une telle ressource naturelle est une construction politique et le produit de la sujétion du système scientifique à ces orientations politiques. La hiérarchisation des savoirs obéit à la fois à la segmentation du système de recherche, au système des positions en son sein et aux représentations politiques sur le maïs : la recherche est avant tout convoquée au titre de ses fonctions opératoires de conservation, de patrimonialisation et d’amélioration des espèces. L’enquête montre ainsi que, si absence de dialogue il y a entre savoirs scientifiques et savoirs « traditionnels » sur une ressource comme le maïs, leur « impossible » rencontre est toujours politiquement et sociologiquement construite.
Ethnobiologie mobilisée, ethnobiologie institutionnalisée. Trajectoire mexicaine d’une discipline rebelle
Authors: Dumoulin Kervran David
Published: May 2018

L’ethnobiologie est une science qui analyse la pluralité de savoirs sur la nature. Quelles sont les étapes de constitution d’une discipline qui parvient aujourd’hui à diffuser si largement l’importance de la « diversité bioculturelle » ? Cet article analyse la spécificité de la trajectoire mexicaine de l’ethnobiologie en se focalisant sur le lien entre son institutionnalisation et ses multiples connexions extrascientifiques. L’approche, combinant les études sociales des sciences et la sociologie politique, permet de mettre l’accent sur une périodisation différente de celle qui est avalisée au plan international. L’ethnobiologie mexicaine étudiée dans cet article est celle d’une génération (1970-2015) mobilisée en faveur des connaissances traditionnelles, mais aussi d’un projet de société alternatif. Deux phases de cette trajectoire sont présentées : celle du développement rural alternatif et du retournement du stigmate sur les connaissances traditionnelles (années 1970 et 1980), puis celle de la participation aux nouvelles institutions environnementales et de la création du programme de la « double conservation » (années 1990 et 2000). S’ouvre alors une nouvelle phase où la discipline de l’ethnobiologie s’oriente vers la patrimonialisation, ainsi que vers l’institutionnalisation académique et l’intégration internationale. Cette analyse permet de souligner les enjeux de positionnement d’une discipline qui cherche à acquérir la légitimité scientifique tout en essayant d’en transformer les modalités.
Premiers écrits philosophiques. Productivité conceptuelle et créativité rédactionnelle du CE2 au CM2
Authors: Slusarczyk Emmanuèle , Thebault Cathy , Slusarczyk Bernard , Daniel Marie-France , Pironom Julie
Published: May 2018

La qualité rédactionnelle est étudiée sur un échantillon de 167 copies d’élèves. Les élèves produisent des brouillons et des textes. À partir de variables philosophique, cognitive et linguistique, les consignes croisant trois thèmes – nature/culture, rêve et liberté – avec deux supports – œuvres d’art et magazine – sont testées. Les élèves sont aptes dès le CM1 à produire significativement des postulats, puis des exemples, et démarrent la production de raisonnements et d’hypothèses, révélant des performances philosophiques. L’évolution développementale de la conceptualisation est significative du CE2 au CM2. Mobiliser des distinctions conceptuelles, organiser son brouillon dépendent significativement de la consigne. Mobiliser la pensée divergente ou des métaphores concerne peu d’élèves. Un effet de sexe confirme la supériorité des filles. L’étude engage à varier les consignes d’écriture à l’école primaire.
Bilan de l’expérimentation Incitation Financière à l’Amélioration de la Qualité (IFAQ) : vers le modèle de généralisation
Authors: Fourcade A. , Lalloué B. , Ferrua M. , Girault A. , Loirat P. , Minvielle Étienne
Published: May 2018

Une expérimentation sur l’Incitation financière à la qualité (IFAQ) a été lancée en France en juin 2012 par le Ministère de la Santé et la Haute Autorité de Santé avec l’appui méthodologique de l’équipe du projet COMPAQH (EA7348-Management des Organisations de Santé, EHESP). L’objectif était d’élaborer un modèle permettant de rémunérer les meilleurs établissements de santé en fonction de leurs résultats à des composantes de la qualité (indicateurs HAS, Indicateurs du Tableau de Bord des Infections Nosocomiales, certification HAS, satisfaction des patients, informatisation). L’expérimentation s’est déroulée sur 4 ans en 2 phases : IFAQ 1 (2012-2014) et IFAQ 2 (2014-2015). Ces années ont permis de créer le modèle généralisé en 2016 à l’ensemble du secteur hospitalier Médecine Chirurgie Obstétrique (MCO) qui est désormais inscrit dans la loi. Le modèle final repose sur le classement des établissements en 2 groupes en fonction du recueil obligatoire ou non de l’indicateur concernant le dossier patient (IPAQSS HAS DPA). Pour chaque établissement des deux groupes ainsi constitués, deux scores sont calculés : le premier sur le niveau atteint des composantes et le deuxième sur l’évolution des résultats des composantes entre deux campagnes de recueil. 20 % des meilleurs établissements de chaque groupe et de chaque classement perçoivent une rémunération. Le modèle IFAQ a été élaboré avec les fédérations hospitalières. Si le modèle ainsi constitué est le fruit d’un processus expérimental assez abouti, des efforts restent à réaliser pour en permettre une meilleure appropriation par les professionnels des établissements de santé.
Cost-of-illness analysis of preterm births in France
Authors: Soilly Anne-Laure , Quantin Catherine , Lejeune Catherine , Cottenet Jonathan , Gouyon Jean-Bernard , Béjean Sophie
Published: May 2018

Objectifs : Evaluer les coûts associés à la prise en charge médicale des grands prématurés (≤ 32semaines d’aménorrhée : SA) en France, dans la première année de vie, du point de vue de l’Assurance Maladie. Comparaison aux coûts associés aux autres naissances prématurées (33-37 SA) et à terme (≥ 37 SA). Méthode : Extraction des données médicales et de remboursements issues du système d’information national de l’Assurance Maladie (SNIIRAM) de l’ensemble des naissances en 2009-2010. Description et comparaison des distributions de coûts à l’aide du test statistique Mann-Whitney. Résultats : Extraction de 467 106 naissances au final, dont 0,71 % de grands prématurés, sur 4,96 % de prématurés au total (< 37 SA). Les séjours hospitaliers des grands prématurés (resp. l’ensemble des prématurés) représentaient 14% (resp. 26%) du coût total hospitalier. Les coûts moyens associés étaient 25 fois supérieurs (resp. 7) à ceux des naissances à terme. L’ensemble des soins non-hospitaliers des grands prématurés représentaient 3% (resp. 10%) du coût total non-hospitalier. Les coûts moyens associés étaient 5 fois supérieurs (resp. 2 fois) à ceux des naissances à terme. Les résultats révèlent une relation inverse significative entre les coûts et l’âge gestationnel à la naissance, et d’importantes différences en termes de consommation de soins des grands prématurés comparés aux naissances à terme. Conclusion : Cette étude du coût de la prématurité en France constitue un premier travail permettant de justifier sur le plan médico-économique la nécessité d’améliorer la prévention de la prématurité et de ses conséquences.
Corée du Sud : une puissance militaire entravée
Authors: Hémez Rémy
Published: May 2018

La Corée du Sud est considérée par la plupart des analystes comme faisant partie des dix premières puissances militaires mondiales. Elle reste cependant entravée dans son autonomie, son évolution et ses possibilités d’action par un contexte stratégique complexe et des défis internes difficiles à relever.
Responding to North Korea: Challenges for Tokyo
Authors: Tsuruoka Michito
Published: May 2018

La réponse de Tokyo à la crise nucléaire nord-coréenne – au plan domestique dans le cadre de son alliance avec les États-Unis et au plan international- doit être replacée dans la perspective plus large de son discours sur la sécurité et la défense du Japon. On peut voir que les capacités et la volonté de Tokyo de traiter les défis et les menaces sécuritaires ont substantiellement augmenté sur ces dix dernières années, notamment sous l’impulsion du Premier ministre Abe. Des choix cruciaux restent à faire pour donner au pays le niveau de sécurité approprié : considérant que la défense antimissile balistique est limitée, d’autres options sont à l’étude aujourd’hui.
Identifier, comprendre et intervenir sur les espaces sociaux numériques liés aux drogues
Authors: Benso Vincent
Published: May 2018

La qualité de l’information en ligne est devenue un enjeu majeur de santé publique. Sur la question des drogues, les contenus institutionnels et associatifs sont concurrencés par d’autres (forums, blogs, réseaux sociaux, groupements divers, sectes...), qui s’avèrent parfois problématiques. La recherche-action ICI Drogues, menée par l’AFR et soutenue par la DGS et la MILDECA, visait à établir un diagnostic et des recommandations pour l’expérimentation d’une action d’outreach en ligne.
Évolution comparée des politiques de régulation du tabac en Europe et aux États-Unis
Authors: Obradovic Ivana , Taiclet Anne-France
Published: May 2018

L’exemple de la politique américaine de lutte contre le tabagisme témoigne de la capacité des décideurs publics à influer sur les comportements individuels. Les principes et les instruments de cette politique efficace de réduction du tabagisme en population générale ont largement inspiré l’action publique mise en œuvre au sein de l’Union européenne (UE), qui repose sur des leviers communs, parmi lesquels les stratégies de contrôle des prix et de la publicité des produits du tabac. Cette contribution revient sur la dynamique de construction des politiques de lutte contre le tabagisme développées aux États-Unis et en Europe, avant d’esquisser quelques pistes d’analyse quant aux facteurs de différenciation et de succès de ces politiques.
État des lieux de la recherche sur les capacités thérapeutiques des « substances hallucinogènes » au 21 e siècle
Authors: Sueur Christian
Published: May 2018

L’utilisation thérapeutique des substances psychédéliques a été concomitante de la découverte du LSD et de la Mescaline après la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Ces utilisations thérapeutiques concernaient, à l’origine, essentiellement « l’accompagnement » des psychothérapies (thérapies psycholytiques), le traitement des addictions (alcool, puis opiacés) et, du fait de leurs capacités anxiolytiques et antidépressives, la prise en charge des troubles psychologiques post-traumatiques, les dépressions résistantes, les pathologies obsessionnelles et psychosomatiques (douleurs, migraines...) et l’accompagnement des fins de vie. Avec l’interdiction de l’utilisation médicale de ces substances durant les années 1960 (à la suite de leur classement dans les conventions internationales d’interdiction des stupéfiants), c’est également la recherche sur les activités neurophysiologiques et thérapeutiques qui furent stoppées. Quelques rares expérimentations ont été poursuivies durant les années 1980 (MDMA, ibogaïne), mais ce n’est que depuis 1994 (autorisation aux États-Unis de la reprise des traitements avec la MDMA en fin de vie, puis dans les PTSD) que les recherches ont repris dans la plupart des pays occidentaux, sauf en France. Dans le même temps, depuis la fin des années 1990, on assiste, dans le cadre de l’intérêt ethnographique pour le chamanisme, au retour d’une réflexion sur l’usage ancien des plantes psychédéliques. Aujourd’hui, de nombreuses Fondations scientifiques (MAPS, The Beckley Foundation, Heffter Research Institute...) et des Universités se consacrent à l’étude des effets thérapeutiques des substances psychédéliques, et des études cliniques et neurobiologiques reprennent progressivement. Les indications concernent la prise en charge des addictions, les traitements des troubles psychotraumatiques, en lien avec des psychothérapies, et tous les domaines relatifs à l’anxiété et à la dépression, ainsi que les états autistiques et les « schizophrénies résistantes » aux traitements classiques.