bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BIOGÉOGRAPHIE ET ASSOCIATIONS DES PLÉCOPTÈRES D'HIVER DU QUÉBEC MÉRIDIONAL (PLECOPTERA; CAPNIIDAE ET TAENIOPTERYGIDAE)
Authors: Harper P. P. , Harper Françoise
Published: December 2009

Vingt-quatre espèces de Plécoptères d'hiver, 8 Taeniopterygidae et 16 Capniidae, habitent le Québec méridional. Trois espèces, Allocapnia indianae Ricker, A. rickeri Frison et Taeniopteryx maura (Pictet), sont signalées au Québec pour la première fois. L'analyse des répartitions géographiques révèle quatre éléments principaux : six espèces ubiquistes réparties sur tout le Nord-est du continent, quatre espèces boréales, quatre espèces appalachiennes et dix espèces provenant de la vallée du Mississippi. Toutes ces espèces, à l'exception peut-être de Capnia vernalis et de C. manitoba, semblent avoir survécu aux glaciations dans l'Est du continent et ont envahi le Québec principalement le long des versants des Appalaches. Les associations d'espèces permettent de décrire des peuplements caractéristiques. Les cours d'eau lents et eutrophes des plaines du haut Saint-Laurent et de l'Outaouais sont dominés par Allocapnia granulata et A. vivipara. Les petits ruisseaux de source de la même région ne contiennent qu'A. recta. Dans les cours d'eau de montagne apparaît une nette zonation de l'amont vers l'aval. Les ruisselets d'amont n'ont généralement aucune espèce; les petits ruisseaux ne contiennent que des Capniidae, en particulier A. illinoensis, Paracapnia angulata et l'ubiquiste A. pygmaea; dans les cours d'eau plus grands s'ajoutent A. minima, A. pechumani et P. opis, ainsi que le Taeniopterygidé T. burksi; dans les rivières, les Taeniopterygidae dominent (T. nivalis, T. parvula, Oemopteryx glacialis) et l'importance des Capniidae diminue, sauf celle d'A. minima et d'A. pygmaea; dans l'aval des grandes rivières, il ne reste plus qu'A. minima et O. glacialis. Sur la Côte-Nord, les éléments boréaux (C. vernalis, Utacapnia labradora et Taenionema atlanticum) s'ajoutent ou se substituent à la faune des cours d'eau moyens et inférieurs; les espèces appalachiennes (A. maria, A. rickeri et T. maura) font de même en Estrie.
THE ABDOMEN OF VANHORNIA EUCNEMIDARUM (HYMENOPTERA: PROCTOTRUPOIDEA)
Authors: Mason W. R. M.
Published: December 2009

The invaginated apical abdominal segments of both sexes of Vanhornia eucnemidarum Crawford are described and illustrated for the first time. Detailed illustrations of the ovipositor and phallic structures are also given. No synapomorphy was found to associate Vanhornia and the Proctotrupidae, so because of its unique structure Vanhornia is left as an independent family of Proctotrupoidea.
RESISTANCE SHOWN BY A PARATHION-RESISTANT ONION MAGGOT (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE) STRAIN TO SOME OTHER INSECTICIDES
Authors: Carroll K. A. , Harris C. R. , Morrison P. E.
Published: December 2009

Parathion-resistant (R) (× 24) onion maggot (OM), Delia antiqua (Mėigen) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), adults showed 15-, 9.3-, and 7.7-fold levels of cross-resistance to direct contact applications of chlorpyrifos, naled and chlorfenvinphos, respectively, when compared at the LD50 with an insecticide-susceptible OM strain. R OM also showed 3.4-, 2.9-, 1.6-, and 1.3-fold levels of resistance to deltamethrin, permethrin, cypermethrin, and fenvalerate, respectively. The low-level resistance to the pyrethroids was probably conferred from DDT, to which the R OM strain had a 4.7-fold resistance level. Nevertheless, deltamethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, and permethrin were 137, 58, 28, and 17 ×, respectively, more toxic to the R OM strain than was parathion.
INFLUENCE OF COMPANION PLANTS ON OVIPOSITION OF IMPORTED CABBAGEWORM, PIERIS RAPAE (LEPIDOPTERA: PIERIDAE), AND CABBAGE LOOPER, TRICHOPLUSIA NI (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), ON COLLARD PLANTS
Authors: Latheef M. A. , Ortiz J. H.
Published: December 2009

Public participation in home vegetable gardening and small farm operations is increasing in North America. This is expected to intensify the use of insecticides and disproportionately increase public exposure to them. For instance, von Rurnker et al. (1972) estimated that on an area basis homeowners in the midwestern United States applied ca. 5.0 lb of pesticides per acre. This amount when compared with 1½ to 3 lb per acre applied by the farmer suggests that backyard gardens receive a heavier pesticide application than most other land areas in the United States. It is, therefore, important to develop ecologically less aggressive control methods for small farm operations.
SEASONAL ABUNDANCE AND OVIPOSITION RESPONSE OF THE CORN EARWORM, HELIOTHIS ZEA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE), ON OKRA IN VIRGINIA
Authors: Latheef M. A. , Ortiz J. H.
Published: December 2009

Okra, Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench, is a member of the Malvaceae. It is an important crop in the southern United States where vegetable production becomes precarious during the summer owing to extreme conditions of temperature and drought. Okra is grown in most southern home gardens and is consumed as a main dish vegetable or used in soups and gumbos.

Because of its popularity and environmental adaptability, okra may have the potential for attracting fresh market premium prices for limited resource farm operations. However, little has been published on insect pests of okra in the United States. In an investigation at Petersburg, Virginia, during 1979 and 1980, we found that the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), was an important pest of okra.
FENITROTHION: CARRY-OVER EFFECTS ON THEF1GENERATION OFMANDUCA SEXTA(LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE)
Authors: Stewart J. G. , Philogène B. J. R.
Published: December 2009

In a previous investigation on the effects of sublethal doses of fenitrothion (O,O-dimethyl-O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioateo)n the tobacco hornworm,Manduca sexta(L.), it was found that the treated larvae developed asynchronously, required more time to reach the pupal stage, and had larger bodyweights than the control larvae (Stewart and Philogène 1983). Regressive moults, faster pupal development, and shorter longevity of the adults were also observed. The impact of sublethal doses of insecticides on subsequent generations of insects has, however, received limited attention. We now present experimental evidence that the progeny of treated insects can also show some of the characteristics described above, an observation that may have significant consequences in the field.
NOMENCLATURAL CHANGES IN HYDROPORINI (COLEOPTERA: DYTISCIDAE)
Authors: Wolfe G. William
Published: December 2009

Members of thepulcher–undulatusspecies group ofHydroporusClairville (sensu Fall 1923) were rearranged as follows by Wolfe and Matta (1981): (1)H. pulcherLeConte and 12 other species (each with a bifurcate aedeagal apex) were assigned to the subgenusHeterosternutaE. Strand; (2)H. pilateiFall andH. triangularisFall were revised and assigned to a new genus,Falloporus; (3) and the remaining approximately 35 species were placed in the subgenusNeoporusGuignot.
IMPACT OF DAMAGE BY THE DRIEDFRUIT MOTH, VITULA EDMANDSAE SERRATILINEELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: PYRALIDAE), A PEST OF THE ALFALFA LEAFCUTTER BEE, MEGACHILE ROTUNDATA (HYMENOPTERA: MEGACHILIDAE)
Authors: Richards K. W.
Published: December 2009

Larvae of the driedfruit moth, Vitula edmandsae serratilineella Ragonot, enter uncapped tunnels in hives of the alfalfa leafcutter bee, Megachile rotundata F., and eat the pollen and nectar provisions of incomplete cells. Significantly more cocoons are destroyed in hives made of pine nesting material than in those made of polystyrene nesting material. However, significantly more tunnel walls are chewed into and through in the polystyrene than in the wood material. A significant positive relationship exists between the number of moth larvae per hive and the number of bee cells produced in that hive. After hives are removed from the field and placed in storage for the winter, most mature larvae leave the tunnels upon completion of feeding and aggregate in spaces between hives.
SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIABILITY IN SEX ATTRACTANT TRAP CATCHES OF LEUCANIA COMMOIDES AND PERIDROMA SAUCIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE) IN RELATION TO THEIR BIOLOGY IN MANITOBA
Authors: Ayre G. L. , Turnock W. J. , Struble D. L.
Published: December 2009

Intertrap variability in catches of moths of the cutworms Leucania commoides Guenée and Peridroma saucia (Hübner) was tested by placing two traps for each species baited with artificial sex attractants at 1.6 km (1 mi) intervals to form a grid covering 64 km2 (25 mi2) near Domain, Manitoba. During the flight periods of the test species the attractants were 86.5 and 93.6% species-specific for L. commoides and P. saucia respectively. Moth catches varied between traps and flights, but the ranking of the traps by catch for each species was consistent during any given flight of L. commoides and during the first flight of P. saucia. The low intertrap variability in numbers captured of both species indicated the moths were uniformly distributed in the area. For L. commoides 10 traps within an area of 64 km2 would be required to give a population estimate within 20% of the true mean and for P. saucia three traps would be needed. The flights of L. commoides started abruptly each year and appeared to be triggered by rainfall. Flights of P. saucia did not occur below 10 °C but otherwise weather had no apparent influence on the flights. It was concluded that the moths of this species are blown in from the south each spring. Neither species showed a consistent distributional relationship with crops.
REDEFINITION OF THE GENUSSTOMISCLAIRVILLE (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF A NEW SUBGENUS FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA
Authors: Bousquet Yves
Published: December 2009

The genusStomisClairville is redefined. It includes two subgenera:Neostomissubg. nov. (type-species:Pterostichus termitiformisVan Dyke) with one Nearctic species andStomiss. str. with 15 Palaearctic species.EustomisSemenov, previously considered as a distinct genus, is synonymized withStomiss. str. Description of the genusStomisand of the two subgenera, as well as a diagnosis and comments on ranking and relationships of the genus, are provided.
RESPONSES OF NEOSEIULUS FALIACIS (ACARINA: PHYTOSEIIDAE) TO DIFFERENT PREY DENSITIES OF OLIGONYCHUS UNUNGUIS (ACARINA: TETRANYCHIDAE) AND TO DIFFERENT RELATIVE HUMIDITY REGIMES
Authors: Boyne John V. , Hain Fred P.
Published: December 2009

The effectiveness of the phytoseiid predator Neoseiulus fallacis in controlling population growth of the spruce spider mite, Oligonychus ununguis was examined in the laboratory. Development and fecundity of N. fallacis under various relative humidity levels were also studied. Under controlled conditions, N. fallacis significantly limited population growth of O. ununguis on Fraser fir seedlings. Survival, development, and fecundity of N. fallacis were similar for all relative humidity ranges tested, except at the lowest range (60–65%), in which none of the individuals survived to maturity.
EFFECT OF CHITIN-SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS ON OVIPOSITION BY TREATED ADULTS AND ON SUBSEQUENT EGG HATCH OF THE CODLING MOTH,CYDIA POMONELLA(LEPIDOFTERA: OLETHREUTIDAE)
Authors: Moffitt H. R. , Mantey K. D. , Tamaki G.
Published: December 2009

In laboratory studies with the codling moth,Cydia pomonella(L.), TH 6043 and TH 6044, new benzoylphenylurea chitin-synthesis inhibitors, were more effective than TH 6045 and diflubenzuron in reducing hatch of eggs from treated adults. With TH 6043 and TH 6044, egg hatch was reduced only when the female of each mating pair was treated. Topical application of diflubenzuron to adults moderately reduced egg hatch while TH 6045 had no effect. Diflubenzuron also reduced oviposition by females. None of these compounds adversely affected mortality, longevity, or mating propensity of adults.
SURVIVAL OF AEDES LARVAE IN CONSTANT AREA PONDS IN SOUTHERN ALBERTA (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Pritchard G. , Scholefield P. J.
Published: December 2009

Mosquito eggs were hatched by artificially flooding dry pond beds and estimates of population size were made through larval development for one population of Aedes spencerii, two of A. cataphylla, and three of A. vexans. Overall daily mortality rates were between 8 and 21% and survival to the pupal stage was generally less than 20%, even though water levels were maintained. Mortality appeared to be higher in early larval stages than in later larval stages. Predation was unimportant and survival rate may have depended on food supply or temperature or an interaction between the two. In normal ponds populations often suffer heavy mortality when ponds dry up before development is complete. A. cataphylla, a spring species, developed faster than A. vexans, a summer species, at low temperatures but more slowly at high temperatures.
REVISION OF THE HOLARCTIC GENUS PYRACMON (HYMENOPTERA: ICHNEUMONIDAE)
Authors: Barron J. R. , Walley G. S.
Published: December 2009

The species of the holarctic genus Pyracmon Holmgren are revised. These are presumably all parasites of soil dwelling larvae of Coleoptera. Pyracmon sepiellum (Holmgren) is a parasite of Macropygon piceus LeConte (Dascillidae) and P. ctenicerae n. sp. is a parasite of Ctenicera destructor (Brown) (Elateridae). Seven species are recognized of which two are described as new, namely bucculentum (Holmgren), fumipenne (Zetterstedt), truncicola Thomson, and heteropus (Thomson), all from Europe, nigrifemur n. sp. from Japan, sepiellum (Holmgren), Holarctic, and ctenicerae n. sp. from western North America. The species are described, keyed, and figured based on characters of the adults. The final instar cephalic structures of larvae of sepiellum and ctenicerae are described and figured, these being the first descriptions representing the genus. Relationships of the genus Pyracmon with other members of the subfamily Campopleginae are discussed.
REDESCRIPTION OF BRILLIA KIEFFER (DIPTERA: CHIRONOMIDAE) WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF NEARCTIC SPECIES
Authors: Oliver D. R. , Roussel M. E.
Published: December 2009

Detailed generic descriptions are given for all stages of Brillia Kieffer. Keys are presented to separate them from those of allied genera, Eurycnemus Wulp, Euryhapsis Oliver, and Xylotopus Oliver. The known stages of five Nearctic species, including one new species Brillia laculata, are described. Two species-groups, the flavifrons group and the modesta group, are defined.
REPRODUCTIVE POTENTIAL OF LABORATORY-REARED MANDUCA SEXTA (LEPIDOPTERA: SPHINGIDAE) AS AFFECTED BY SEX RATIO
Authors: Stewart J. G. , Philogène B. J. R.
Published: December 2009

The influence of sex ratio on the reproductive ability of the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta, was examined under laboratory controlled conditions. The optimum sex ratio was found to be 0.50 (F/T) displaying the highest rate of oviposition and egg production. The fertility of the eggs laid was linearly dependent on the number of males present in each ratio. Unmated females lived longer and began oviposition later than mated females. The percentage of the total egg production retained by the females was highest for the 0.17 and 0.83 ratios and may be attributed to a stress-related impairment of reproductive behaviour.
A MULTIPLE FUNNEL TRAP FOR SCOLYTID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA)
Authors: Lindgren B. S.
Published: December 2009

The multiple funnel trap, an efficient, collapsible, non-sticky trap for scolytid beetles, consists of a series of vertically aligned funnels with a collecting jar at the bottom. The trap compared favorably with sticky traps and Scandinavian drainpipe traps for three species of ambrosia beetles and the mountain pine beetle. Minimum maintenance required for this trap allows for high efficiency in pheromone-based research, survey, and mass trapping of scolytid beetles.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFICIENCY OF PHEROMONE-BAITED TRAPS FOR THREE SPECIES OF AMBROSIA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Lindgren B. S. , Borden J. H. , Chong L. , Friskie L. M. , Orr D. B.
Published: December 2009

The optimal release rate of the aggregation pheromone, lineatin, for trapping Trypodendron lineatum (Olivier) was 40 μg/24h. Sticky vane traps were more efficient than three other trap types for T. lineatum and Gnathotrichus retusus (LeConte). For G. sulcatus (LeConte), a multiple funnel trap was more efficient than a sticky cylinder trap but no better than vane traps or Scandinavian drainpipe traps. Placement of bait in the middle or bottom of drainpipe traps increased their efficiency in capturing T. lineatum and G. sulcatus. Multiple funnel traps and drainpipe traps releasing lineatin at 10 μg/24h, with an additional dispenser releasing lineatin at 30 μg/24h 1.5–2 m away from the trap caught more T. lineatum than traps releasing lineatin at 10 μg/24h, and were as efficient as traps releasing the pheromone at 40 μg/24h. Thus, the beetles respond strongly to the trap silhouette once attracted to its vicinity. In late April traps placed 15–25 m inside the forest margin caught more T. lineatum than traps at the margin, probably intercepting overwintering beetles before they left the forest. A few strategically placed vane traps among numerous multiple funnel or drainpipe traps are recommended for mass trapping of ambrosia beetles in timber processing areas.
POPULATION DISTRIBUTION OF THE MAPLE LEAFCUTTER, PARACLEMENSIA ACERIFOLIELLA (LEPIDOPTERA: INCURVARIIDAE), IN SUGAR MAPLE TREES
Authors: Parker Bruce L. , Aleong John , Teillon H. Brenton , Parker Lawrence A.
Published: December 2009

Leaf samples were taken from crowns of sugar maple trees at selected vertical and horizontal positions and at each cardinal point. No significant differences in numbers of mines, cuts, or cases of Paraclemensia acerifoliella (Fitch) were observed among the cardinal points of the crown. Most of the mines were found on leaves located near the base of the crown and close to the tree bole. Significantly more mines/leaf were found on samples 0.6 and 1.2 m from the bole than at 2.4 m and outward to the edge of the foliage. The highest number of cases/leaf was found 1.2 m from the bole. One and two months after the leaf-mining stage both case-bearing larvae and leaf damage were more prevalent from the bole outward to a distance of 3 m.
A METHOD OF CAPTURING COLONIES OF AERIAL NESTING VESPID WASPS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE)
Authors: Pallett M. J. , Plowright R. C. , Gibo D. L.
Published: December 2009

A method was developed for the transfer of intact medium-sized Dolichovespula arenaria colonies from their original locations, without damage to the nest and with minimal narcosis of the adult wasp population. The method necessitates a substantial manipulation early in the course of colony development, after which the nest is left to develop normally in situ until it is sufficiently populous to permit tranfer to a new location without intolerable loss of adult insects. We describe also a system for housing vespid colonies following relocation, together with a one-way tunnel system which has proved efficient for the purpose of collecting data on foraging activity.
EVIDENCE FOR A QUEEN PHEROMONE IN VESPULA (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE)
Authors: Akre Roger D. , Reed Hal C.
Published: December 2009

Yellowjacket colonies were manipulated to test for a possible pheromone emitted by the queen that suppresses worker ovarian development. When queenless and queen-right groups of yellowjacket workers were periodically switched to different sides of a vertically divided nestbox, worker reproduction was partially inhibited. It is suggested that the queen may deposit an inhibitory pheromone on the comb, and workers encounter this queen pheromone during their various colony tasks.
QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF APHIDIUS SMITHI (HYMENOPTERA: APHIDIIDAE): FECUNDITY, INTRINSIC RATE OF INCREASE, AND FUNCTIONAL RESPONSE
Authors: Mackauer Manfred
Published: December 2009

The reproductive and demographic statistics of Aphidius smithi Sharma & Subba Rao parasitizing third-instar pea aphids, Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris, were determined under constant laboratory conditions. At host densities of 5, 10, 20, 40, 60 or 100 aphids/day, the parasite lived an average of 7 days at 20.5 °C. At host densities of ≤20 aphids/day, the total number of eggs laid and the total number of hosts attacked were limited by the numbers of hosts available. Fecundity was highest with an average of 870 eggs/female at density 100; the maximum number of eggs laid by any female was 1770. Superparasitism was common at all densities, resulting in up to 84% (at density 5) of all eggs being wasted. The relationship between host density and the number of aphids attacked per egg laid was linear for densities of ≥20 aphids/day. The intrinsic rate of natural increase (r) varied with the host density. It reached maximum value at density 100, calculated as 0.358 female/female/day and assuming an overall sex ratio of 1:1 males:females. Regression equations describing r as a function of host density and parasite sex ratio are provided. It is shown that the potential rate of increase of A. smithi exceeds that of the pea aphid over a broad range of average conditions. The parasite's functional response was convex (Holling type II) and decelerated with increasing density. The intrinsic attack rate (a′) and handling time (Th) were estimated from the functional response curve as a′ = 6.62 days−1 and Th = 0.0033 day (4.7 min). The ‘random parasite’ equation satisfactorily predicted the number of aphids attacked at each density.
GENETIC VARIATION AMONG WESTERN SPRUCE BUDWORM (CHORISTONEURA OCCIDENTALIS) (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE) OUTBREAKS IN IDAHO AND MONTANA
Authors: Willhite E. A. , Stock M. W.
Published: December 2009

Genetic variation among western spruce budworms from 14 sites of high-density infestation in central Idaho and western Montana was examined using electrophoresis. Relationships were assessed through cluster analysis of genetic distance values and by study of shared rare alleles. Three genetically similar groupings appeared among budworms over the 14 sites. The genetic data and analysis of historical records of outbreaks over the area indicate that dispersal may play a significant role in the spread of some infestations.
DESCRIPTION OF ADULTS OF NEOMIDEOPSIS SIUSLAWENSIS N. GEN., N. SP., WITH REMARKS ON THE FAMILY MIDEOPSIDAE (ACARI: PARASITENGONA: ARRENUROIDEA)
Authors: Smith Ian M.
Published: December 2009

Male and female adults of Neomideopsis siuslawensis n. gen., n. sp. are described from Oregon, U.S.A. The genus Neomideopsis is proposed and diagnosed based primarily upon the strikingly autapomorphic presence of 17–23 genital acetabula on each acetabular plate flanking the gonopore. Possible relationships between N. siuslawensis and other Mideopsidae, especially species currently placed in Mideopsis (Nudomideopsis), are discussed.
CHARACTERISTICS OF A HIGHLY CONCENTRATED BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS FORMULATION AGAINST SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Smirnoff W. A. , Valéro J. R.
Published: December 2009

Research on operational use of Bacillus thuringiensis 3a3b against spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumijerana (Clem.), led to the development of a concentrated B. thuringiensis formulation containing the required potency of 20 B.I.U. of B. thuringiensis in a final volume of 4.7 l./ha (Smirnoff 1978). Aerial operational applications of this formulation were highly effective against the spruce budworm and resulted in acceptable foliage protection (Smirnoff 1979, 1980a). However, it is felt that B. thuringiensis will be used extensively against C. fumiferana only when its cost is lowered to that of chemical insecticides. heref fore, several B. thuringiensis + chitinase formulations were developed leading to an even more concentrated B. thuringiensis formulation, which we call Futura, in which the required 20 B.I.U./ha is applied in a final volume of 2.5 l./ha. We describe the composition of Futura and discuss the bacteriological and physical qualities of the formulations and its efficacy.
CARABID BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) ASSOCIATED WITH THE SPRUCE BUDWORM, CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA (LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)
Authors: Reeves R. Marcel , Dunn Gary A. , Jennings Daniel T.
Published: December 2009

Barrier-pitfall traps and tree bands were used to sample adult carabid beetles in five forest stands of different tree species composition and spruce budworm infestation levels. Twenty genera and 37 species were collected over the 2-year period. Adult carabid populations were highest in the red spruce stand while carabid species diversity was greater in hardwood and fir stands having the most tree species diversity. Potential adult carabid predators of spruce budworm were identified using 5 criteria: number of individuals, habitat preferences, seasonal abundance, size, and food. We conclude that adults of Pterostichus pensylvanicus (Lec.) had the highest potential as predators of spruce budworm followed by Platynus decentis Say, Calosoma frigidum Kby., Pterostichus tristis (Dej.), Cymindis cribricollis Dej., Pterostichus rostratus (Newm.), Calathus ingratus Dej., and Pterostichus adoxus (Say).
EFFECT OF ENGLISH, SIBERIAN, AND CHINESE ELMS ON THE ATTACK BEHAVIOR AND BROOD SURVIVAL OF SCOLYTUS MULTISTRIATUS (COLEOPTERA: SCOLYTIDAE)
Authors: Švihra Pavel , Volney W. Jan A.
Published: December 2009

Scolytus multistriatus female adults demonstrated a distinct preference for English and Siberian elm over Chinese elm in attacking bolts and establishing egg galleries. Density of attacks appeared related to bark roughness of the exposed bolt. A ranking of elm species suitability for S. multistriatus is thus possible. Some of the females forced to attack Chinese elm died after making nuptial chambers but before establishing egg galleries. Egg production by females was unaffected by attack densities observed, elm species, or the place where the trial was conducted. In the laboratory, survival from egg to adult was lower in Chinese elm than in English or Siberian elm. Ability of the larvae to mine outer bark at high densities is believed to be a response to intraspecific competition and probably enhances survival. The first estimates of subcortical population parameters are presented for this species in North America. Adaptive value of variations in relationships between the beetle and various elm species is discussed.
DESCRIPTION OF COWICHANIA INTERSTITIALIS N. GEN., N. SP., AND PROPOSAL OF COWICHANIINAE N. SUBFAM., WITH REMARKS ON PHYLOGENY AND CLASSIFICATION OF HYDRYPHANTIDAE (ACARI: PARASITENGONA: HYDRYPHANTOIDEA)
Authors: Smith Ian M.
Published: December 2009

Male and female adults of Cowichania interstitialis n. gen., n. sp. are described, and Cowichaniinae n. subfam. is proposed for members of this genus and species. Adults of the new species are autapomorphic among Hydryphantidae in having an entire, uniformly sclerotized dorsal shield, the dorsoglandularia displaced laterally, the genital field located well posteriorly on the idiosoma, and unique sclerotized plates surrounding the coxal plates laterally and posteriorly, and are unusual in having slightly stalked genital acetabula and sexually dimorphic chaetotaxy on the tibiae of the pedipalps. Provisional remarks on phylogeny and higher classification of Hydryphantidae are also presented.
OVIPOSITION AND SURVIVAL OF THE EUROPEAN PARASITE MICROCTONUS BICOLOR (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE) IN CRUCIFER-INFESTING FLEA BEETLES (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE) IN MANITOBA
Authors: Wylie H. G.
Published: December 2009

Females of a European parasite, Microctonus bicolor Wesm. tested with adults of crucifer-infesting flea beetles from Manitoba, oviposited readily in Phyllotreta striolata (F.) and occasionally in Phyllotreta cruciferae (Goeze), but not in Psylliodes punctulata Melsh. Immature parasites developed and emerged from both P. striolata and P. cruciferae. M. bicolor is unlikely to provide economic control of P. cruciferae, which is the most important of the rapeseed-infesting flea beetles in the southern part of the prairie provinces. Further releases of M. bicolor should be in more northerly rapeseed-growing areas where there are higher population densities of P. striolata than at the original release site in southern Manitoba.
A NEW SPECIES OF BLETHISA BONELLI FROM ALASKA, WITH PROPOSED PHYLOGENY, BIOGEOGRAPHY AND KEY TO KNOWN SPECIES (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE)
Authors: Goulet H. , Smetana A.
Published: December 2009

Blethisa inexspectata is described as new from one male specimen from Alaska; it is the sister species of B. julii LeConte. The phylogeny and biogeography of Blethisa Bonelli is discussed, and a key to all known species of Blethisa is given. Blethisa kaszabi Jedlička 1967 is placed in synonymy with B. tuberculata Motschulsky 1846.
NOTES ON ORTHOPTEROID INSECTS FROM YUKON AND NORTHERN BRITISH COLUMBIA
Authors: Vickery V. R.
Published: December 2009

Some time ago I published data on orthopteroid insects from northern Canada and Alaska (Vickery 1967, 1969). Two species and one subspecies were described as new. Two of these taxa occur only in the Yukon and Northwest Territories.

Since that time additional information has become available. During 1982 two lots of northern orthopteroid insects were received for identification. These were sent from the Spencer Museum, University of British Columbia and from Biosystematics Research Institute, Canada Agriculture, Ottawa. These are abbreviated in the following list as UBC and CNC, respectively. The UBC specimens were collected by S. G. Cannings, R. J. Cannings, C. S. Guppy, B. Gill, and G. G. E. Scudder mainly in 1980 and 1981. The CNC specimens were collected in 1981 by C. D. Dondale.
LABORATORY REARING TECHNIQUE FOR THE NORTHERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA LONGICORNIS (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)
Authors: Dominique C. R. , Yule W. N.
Published: December 2009

The northern corn rootworm, Diabrotica longicornis (Say), was first reported by Guibord (1976) in QuCbec corn fields, and has since been studied intensively as a potential pest of corn. Detailed field investigations of the bionomics were initiated at h4acdonald Campus in 1979, and laboratory research such as physiology and toxicology required the development of techniques for mass rearing of the insects.
EFFECTS OF ACUTE SIMULATED AND ACUTE GRASSHOPPER (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE) DAMAGE ON GROWTH RATES AND YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM)
Authors: Olfert O. O. , Mukerji M. K.
Published: December 2009

Studies showed that the type of damage, the timing of damage with the phenological stage of the crop, and the amount of available soil moisture influenced the growth response of spring wheat to acute levels of grasshopper damage and acute levels of artificial damage. Ground-level cutting of plants resulted in the greatest reduction in plant biomass and crop yield, while grasshopper damage and artificial stripping of leaf material did not result in as severe a reduction in either biomass or yield.

Damaged plants were not able to recover lost biomass when damage occurred any later than the early stages of tillering despite observed relative growth rates which were higher than control plants. The greatest degree of recovery occurred in study sites with the greatest amount of available soil moisture.

The most detrimental effect of damage on yield was the reduction of heads per plant and kernel weight. In most cases differences in the number of seeds per head between damaged and control plants were not evident.
PUCERONS NOUVEAUX ET PEU CONNUS DU MEXIQUE 4eNOTE: NOUVELLES ESPECES DETUBERCULATUSSUBG.TOLTECALLISSUBG. NOV. (HOM. APHIDIDAE)
Authors: Remaudière G. , Quednau F. W.
Published: December 2009

Tuberculatus(Toltecallis) subg. nov. is characterized by the spiculation of the dorsal hairs of nymphs and by the basal pigmentation of the tibiae which differs from that ofT. (Pacificallis). Three species are classified in the subgenus:T. (T.)mexicanussp. n. (type of subgenus), distinguished by its long processus terminalis,T. (T.)garciamartellisp. n. with spinal processes restricted to the two first abdominal segments and with short and thin spinal hairs on the embryo, andT. (T.)spiculatusRichards with processes on tergites I–IV and very long spinal setae on the embryo; the subspeciesrebecaesubsp. nov. of the last species has siphunculi and apical rostral segment longer and narrower at the base than inspiculatuss. str.

The viviparous winged form, the embryo, and the alatoid nymph are described. The sexual forms are unknown. All the species live onQuercusin the central part of Mexico between an elevation of 2200 and 2700 m.
NESTMATE DISCRIMINATION AMONG LABORATORY OVERWINTERED FOUNDRESSES OF THE PAPER WASP, POLISTES FUSCATUS (HYMENOPTERA: VESPIDAE)
Authors: Bornais Kathleen M. , Larch Christine M. , Gamboa George J. , Daily Raymond B.
Published: December 2009

Approximately 140 gynes of the paper wasp, Polistes fuscatus, were overwintered in the laboratory with their natal nest and nestmates. After a 14 day isolation period, three marked female nestmates were placed into a nesting box with three marked female nestmates from a presumably unrelated colony. Fifteen nesting boxes were constructed, each with six gynes from two different sister groups. The identities of paired gynes (spaced ≤5 cm apart) and foundresses on nests were recorded in blind observations. Sisters preferentially paired (P <.0001) prior to nesting. Of 18 foundress associations formed at newly constructed nests, 16 consisted of sister groups.
INTRA- AND INTERPOPULATION VARIATION IN THE THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PREADULT DEVELOPMENT OF TWO LATITUDINALLY DIVERSE POPULATIONS OF TOXORHYNCHITES RUTILUS SEPTENTRIONALIS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Trimble R. M. , Lund C. T.
Published: December 2009

Linear regression analysis was used to estimate the developmental threshold, t0, and thermal constant, K, for all preadult stages of two laboratory colonies of the mosquito Toxorhynchites rutilus septentrionalis (Dyar and Knab). The colonies originated from Newark, Delaware and Lake Charles, Louisiana. The physiological and ecological significance of the within- and the between-population differences in the slopes of the regressions,t0's and K's, are discussed.
THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND FOOD DEPRIVATION ON SURVIVAL OF FIRST-INSTAR DOUGLAS-FIR TUSSOCK MOTHS (ORGYIA PSEUDOTSUGATA) (LEPIDOPTERA: LYMANTRIIDAE)
Authors: Beckwith Roy C.
Published: December 2009

Mortality of neonatal Douglas-fir tussock moth larvae varied from 0% to 100% depending on the rearing temperature and duration of food deprivation. Lower temperatures apparently favor larval survival under starvation conditions. For each period of food deprivation, mortality occurs earlier as the temperature increases; this shift to earlier mortality was significant at P <.01. Some implications are discussed.
SYNOPSIS OF TYPHLOCYBA SUBGENUS EMPOA FITCH, WITH A KEY TO THE SPECIES OF THE GILLETTEI COMPLEX (RHYNCHOTA: HOMOPTERA: CICADELLIDAE)
Authors: Hamilton K. G. A.
Published: December 2009

Empoides Vilbaste, 1968 is synonymized with Empoa Fitch, 1851, which is treated as a subgenus of Typhlocyba Germar, 1833, with 9 new combinations. The male genitalia are illustrated. The gillettei complex, consisting of 14 Nearctic species with identical male genitalia, is analyzed using 90 series taken on identified hosts. T. bella and T. unifasciata n. spp. are described from eastern Canada, and three new synonymies based on colour variation are presented: Empoa acericola Christian, 1953 and E. caryata Christian, 1953 = E. gillettei Van Duzee, 1917, and E. elmata Christian, 1953 = T. saffrana McAtee, 1926. A key to the species of the gillettei complex is included.
THRESHOLD CONCENTRATION OF AMINOCARB THAT CAUSES DRIFT OF STREAM INSECTS
Authors: Eidt D. C. , Weaver C. A. A.
Published: December 2009

We performed a simple field experiment to determine the margin of safety for stream invertebrates for Matacil® 180 Oil Flowable, a candidate insecticide for the spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). Matacil® 180 Oil Flowable is finely milled aminocarb suspended in summer oil.
PHENOLOGY OF THE SAN JOSE SCALE (HOMOPTERA: DIASPIDIDAE) IN NEW YORK STATE APPLE ORCHARDS,
Authors: Mague Diane L. , Reissig W. Harvey
Published: December 2009

Pheromone trapping studies from 1979 to 1981 showed that there were two periods of San Jose scale,Quadraspidiotus perniciosus(Comstock), male flight activity annually in western New York apple orchards. Spring flight, which resulted from overwintering black caps, began at ca. 94–140 degree-days (base 10 °C from 1 March) and occurred during bloom in the apple varieties studied. First generation crawlers emerged at ca. 360 degree-days. Second generation crawlers emerged at ca. 890 degree-days and were active throughout September. Regression analyses showed a logistic relationship between crawler density and fruit infestation, and inverse linear relationships between pheromone trap catches and San Jose scale infestation levels within trees.
AN ANNOTATED LIST OF THE BUTTERFLIES (LEPIDOPTERA) OF THE YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA
Authors: Ferris Clifford D. , dos Passos Cyril F. , Ebner James A. , Lafontaine J. Donald
Published: December 2009

Eighty-three butterfly species are credited to the fauna of the Yukon Territory, with an additional three deemed questionable. Species enumerated represent a compilation of both historic and current literature, and the records of collectors. The total includes previously unpublished records from the Canadian National Collection, but does not include unpublished records from any major museums in the United States. Approximately 30 collectors contributed field data.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN TWO BACULOVIRUSES AND SEVERAL INSECT PARASITES
Authors: Hotchkin Phyllis G. , Kaya Harry K.
Published: December 2009

Several parasites were surveyed for their ability to develop to pupation in virus-infected hosts. The tachinid Compsilura concinnata (Meigen), the ichneumonids Campoletis sonorensis (Cameron) and Hyposoter exiguae (Viereck), and the braconid Cotesia marginiventris (Cresson) developed to pupation in the armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haworth), infected with either the Hawaiian strain of granulosis virus (HGV) or the hypertrophy strain of nuclear polyhedrosis virus (HNPV). The braconid Chelonus insularis Cresson died after its HGV- or HNPV-infected host P. unipuncta died. On the other hand, the braconid Glyptapanteles militaris (Walsh) died in HNPV-infected P. unipuncta before the host died. Some of these parasites had tissues that were melanized and some were encapsulated by the host. The ichneumonid H. exiguae and the braconids Chelonus insularis and Cotesia marginiventris developed to pupation in HGV-infected Spodoptera exigua (Hübner). In some cases, developmental time of parasites in virus-infected hosts was longer than in control hosts.
ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF INSECTS ON REGROWTHS OF ESTABLISHED ALFALFA FIELDS IN ONTARIO
Authors: Smith S. M. , Ellis C. R.
Published: December 2009

Damage caused by Empoasca fabae (Harris) and Philaenus spumarius (L.), caged on second and third alfalfa harvests, was additive. Numbers of E. fabae were linearly correlated negatively with plant height, leaf area, and percentage protein, and positively with percentage chlorosis. Perceptible stunting and yellowing occurred with mean infestations per stem of 0.09 E. fabae and 0.6 P. spumarius nymphs. P. spumarius adults reduced plant height only at infestations of 0.3/stem, while 0.6 nymph/stem also reduced dry weight. E. fabae reduced protein at 0.11/stem and dry weight and leaf area at higher populations of 0.17/stem. None of these parameters was affected on subsequent regrowths. Lygus lineolaris (P. de B.) could not be maintained on pre-bloom alfalfa and was not considered a pest. Adelphocoris lineolatus (Goeze) reduced protein at levels of 0.01 bug/stem and dry weight at 0.06 bug/stem but results were confounded by high mortality. Field populations of all these species were reduced by the second cutting but redeveloped on the regrowth. Although applications of dimethoate (200 g AI/ha) and dimethoate (200 g AI/ha) plus endosulphan (280 g AI/ha) were effective in reducing populations of E. fabae, Acyrthosiphon pisum (Harris), A. lineolatus, and Hypera postica (Gyllenhal), insecticides were cost-effective on only one field. This field had 1.9 E. fabae/sweep and a 3% loss in protein resulted. Plant height, density, dry weight, protein content, and overwintering survival were not significantly affected at harvest in other fields. With the exception of E. fabae, the sum of the maximum field populations, each expressed as a fraction of its threshold, did not reach 50% of an economic threshold.
PERSISTENCE OF NEODIPRION SERTIFER (HYMENOPTERA: DIPRIONIDAE) NUCLEAR POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS ON PINUS CONTORTA FOLIAGE
Authors: Kaupp W. J.
Published: December 2009

The persistence of Neodiprion sertifer nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) on Pinus contorta foliage samples collected from sawfly infested plantations located throughout Britain was studied. Sawfly density and disease epizootiology varied between localities. Results from the bioassay of branch samples, divided into bark, needle base and foliage samples, indicated that N. sertifer NPV produced during a single virus epizootic can persist for at least 2 years on the pine foliage. Bark and needle base samples were found to be contaminated with NPV more often than foliage samples, perhaps reflecting the effect of weathering on the persistence of virus on the needle surface.
SURVIVAL OF ALFALFA BLOTCH LEAFMINER, AGROMYZA FRONTELLA (DIPTERA: AGROMYZIDAE), IN FIELD-CURING OF ALFALFA
Authors: Alicandro Alfred J. , Peters T. Michael
Published: December 2009

Simulated windrow experiments revealed that 32.0 ± 8.4% or 3rd-instar Agromyza frontella (Rondani) larvae completed development and formed puparia in alfalfa hay during field curing; 1st- and 2nd-instar larvae suffered almost complete mortality. Under a management schedule where first harvest was at 10% bloom, adult emergence was 45% higher from soil under windrowed hay than from soil under strips immediately raked. Development of A. frontella in hay being field-cured is discussed in relation to crop pest management and crop management options.
THE WING LENGTH OF LENTIC CAPNIIDAE (PLECOPTERA) AND ITS RELATIONSHIP TO ELEVATION AND WISCONSIN GLACIATION
Authors: Donald D. B. , Patriquin D. E.
Published: December 2009

Along the Continental Divide in Alberta, British Columbia, and Montana three species of Capniidae were common at some lakes (Capnia confusa Claassen, Isocapnia integra Hanson, and Utacapnia trava (Nebeker and Gaufin)). Females of all three species had substantial reduction in wing length at least at one lake, while most lentic populations had slightly shorter wings than a macropterous river population of the same species. For females of all three species there was a weak positive relationship between functional wing length and lake elevation. Furthermore, there was also a significant negative relationship between functional wing length and the approximate year of Wisconsin deglaciation for C. confusa and U. trava. Suitable data were not available to test the significance of this relationship for I. integra. However, the relationships between wing length and elevation, and between wing length and Wisconsin deglaciation, suggest that wing length of these three capniid species is related to lake age. Present day wing length might be explained by selection for brachypterism over recent millennia.
THE WOLF SPIDER GENUS ALLOCOSA IN NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA (ARANEAE: LYCOSIDAE)
Authors: Dondale C. D. , Redner J. H.
Published: December 2009

Allocosa Banks, 1904, with type-species Lycosa funerea Hentz, 1844, is diagnosed on the presence of apomorphic characters in the external genitalia, and is hypothesized to represent the sister-group of the remaining North American lycosine genera. Eighteen species are found in North and Central America, namely, A. funerea (Hentz), A. mulaiki (Gertsch), comb, n., A. sublata (Montgomery), A. chamberlini (Gertsch), A. pylora Chamberlin, A. furtiva (Gertsch), comb, n., A. absoluta (Gertsch), comb, n., A. floridiana (Chamberlin), A. apora (Gertsch), A. noctuabunda (Montgomery), A. panamena Chamberlin, A. chamberlini (Gertsch), A. mokiensis (Gertsch), A. subparva sp. n., A. parva (Banks), A. veracruzana (Gertsch and Davis), A. utahana sp. n., and A. mexicana (Banks), comb. n.
THE INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON THE EFFICACY OF THREE PYRETHROID INSECTICIDES AGAINST THE GRASSHOPPER, MELANOPLUS SANGUINIPES (FAB.) (ORTHOPTERA: ACRIDIDAE), UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
Authors: Hinks C.F.
Published: December 2009

Three pyrethroids, deltamethrin, fenvalerate, and cyfluthrin, were assayed against 2nd-instar nymphs of the grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fab.) at 5 dosages and at 5 post-treatment temperatures ranging from 15.6 to 37.8°C. All three showed a negative temperature coefficient of toxicity but there was considerable variation in the pattern of response. Deltamethrin proved to be the most effective and cyfluthrin the least effective, both in terms of the amount of active ingredient required for 90% mortality and in having the lowest negative coefficient, respectively. The extent of the negative temperature coefficient of toxicity was much more pronounced at the LD90 than the LD50. Apparent mortality was recorded at 24, 48, and 72 h post-treatment and with each of the pyrethroids, recovery of some hoppers took place after 24 h. This phenomenon of delayed recovery was greatest at the lower temperatures.
THE ORIGIN AND RELATIONSHIPS OF SPELOBIA TENEBRARUM (ALDRICH), A TROGLOBITIC, EASTERN NORTH AMERICAN, SPHAEROCERID FLY
Authors: Marshall Stephen A. , Peck Stewart B.
Published: December 2009

Spelobia tenebrarum is a troglobitic sphaerocerid restricted to a large number of isolated eastern North American caves. The Quaternary origin of this species from its sister species, S. semioculata, is discussed.
CONTACT TOXICITY OF TWENTY-ONE INSECTICIDES TO ADULTS OF THE CARROT RUST FLY (DIPTERA: PSILIDAE)
Authors: Harris C.R. , Turnbull S.A. , McLeod D.G.R.
Published: December 2009

Direct-contact toxicity tests were done with 21 insecticides to assess their potential for controlling adults of the carrot rust fly, Psila rosae (Fabricius) (Diptera: Psilidae). Chlorpyrifos, chlorfenvinphos, fensulfothion, carbofuran, cypermethrin, and mevinphos were 1.2 to 2.8 ×, and deltamethrin 22 ×, more toxic to flies (24–48 h old) than was diazinon, the insecticide currently used most commonly to suppress first-generation adults of the carrot rust fly.
COLD TOLERANCE OF PSEUDALETIA UNIPUNCTA AND PERIDROMA SAUCIA (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)
Authors: Ayre G.L.
Published: December 2009

Pupae and 3rd-instar larvae of Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.) survived longer at 0 and −2°C than other immature stages, and insects reared at 15°C were more cold tolerant than those reared at 20°C. Egg survival at 0°C varied greatly among replicates suggesting genetic differences among females. No adults survived 2 weeks at 0°C. Peridroma saucia (Hub.) would not rear satisfactorily at 15°C and, other than eggs, all stages tested were from rearings at 20°C. Eggs from adults at 15°C were more cold tolerant than those from adults at 20°C. There were no differences in survival among any of the larval stages or pupae. Some adults survived 6 weeks at 0°C. No stage of either species survived over 8 weeks at 0°C nor 4 weeks at −2°C indicating that overwintering on the Canadian prairies is unlikely.
HYPOGASTRURA SUCCINEA (COLLEMBOLA: HYPOGASTRURIDAE) DISPERSED BY ADULTS OF THE CABBAGE MAGGOT, DELIA RADICUM (DIPTERA: ANTHOMYIIDAE), INFECTED WITH THE PARASITIC FUNGUS STRONGWELLSEA CASTRANS (ZYGOMYCETES: ENTOMOPHTHORACEAE)
Authors: Griffiths G.C.D.
Published: December 2009

In the course of investigations of the cabbage maggot, Delia radicum (L.) (= brassicae Wiedemann, brassicae Bouché), a pest of canola (rapeseed) in northern Alberta, an epidemic of the parasitic fungus Strongwellsea castrans Batko and Weiser (see Humber 1976) was documented during July 1983. Infected flies (mostly females) can be recognized by the presence of one or more cavities in the abdominal membrane, into which the fungus discharges its spores (conidia). The flies continue to feed (as vital organs are not attacked), but their eggs fail to mature, apparently because of inadequate nutrition. The presence of this fungus as a pathogen of the cabbage maggot in Canada is well known (Nair and McEwen 1973).