bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of Organizational Leadership on Performance of Universities in Kenya
Authors:   St. Paul's University, Muraguri Charity , Kimencu Linda ,   Kenyatta University, Thuo Kuria ,   Kenyatta University
Published: February 2025

Universities in Kenya are facing challenges arising from rapid expansion, increased high education demand and competitive pressures. With heightened levels of rivalry,the question of sustaining their performance is critical. Themain objective ofthis study wasto investigatethe effect of organizational leadership on performance of universities in Kenya. Organizational leadership was operationalized on the basis ofability to create clear strategies, envisioning corporate priorities, employee empowerment aswell as infrastructural and resource support Thisstudy adopted a mixed research design consisting of explanatory and cross-sectional survey designsto determine the cause-and-effect of the study variables model incorporating the strategic leadership constructs was examined using multiple linear regression model.The target population of this study was 25 universities comprising of 289 respondentsrandomly selected from the top and middle level management.A semi-structured questionnairewas used to collect primary data while secondary data was collected using document reviewand was usedto validate the primary data. Using stratified simple sampling method,a sample size of 168respondentswas selected. The response rate was approximately eighty eight percent and was adequate for making research inferences and drawing conclusions. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics and this included percentages, frequencies, mean and standard deviations while inferential statistics involved regression analysis. Thefindings of this study established that organizational leadershiphaspositiveand significantinfluenceon universityperformance in Kenya.This suggests that the quality of leadership traits directly impacts on the extent to which a university attains it goals. The study recommends that for universities in Kenya to sustain their performance, there is need for carefulintegration of carefully designed leadership strategies.As well as optimal investment in development of leadership skills.Key words: Organizational leadership, Organizational performance, University performance, corporate priorities
IMPACTO DA DOR MUSCULOESQUELÉTICA EM PROFESSORES DO ENSINO SUPERIOR: PROTOCOLO DE REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA DE ESTUDOS OBSERVACIONAIS
Authors: Dos Santos Albuquerque Van-Dúnem Andréa , De Oliveira Freitas Noélle , Corvino Rodrigues Rodrigo , Rossetto Kron-Rodrigues Meline
Published: February 2025

O presente artigo versa de um protocolo de revisão sistemática que avaliará a incidência e os locais de distribuição da ocorrência da dor musculoesquelética em professores do ensino superior. Será um estudo bibliográfico de revisão sistemática realizado de acordo com a metodologia Cochrane. Serão incluídos estudos observacionais, seguindo a metodologia "PECO" descrita adiante: População: Professores atuantes no ensino superior e/ou ensino técnico. Exposição: Presença de dor musculoesquelética. Comparador: Não dor musculoesquelética. Outcomes: incidência de dor musculoesqueléticas e Locais/regiões de incidência de dor musculoesquelética. Estudos observacionais que reportarem métricas associadas ao local da dor musculoesquelética de professores atuantes no ensino superior brasileiro serão inseridos. Os critérios de exclusão serão: estudos realizados com professores do ensino básico e/ou fundamental e realizados em outros países.Serão consultadas as bases de dados eletrônicas Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS), MEDLINE, IBECS, LIPECS, Sec. Munic. Saúde SP e Coleciona SUS no sítio da Biblioteca Virtual da Saúde, PEDro e Scielo até fevereiro de 2025.    Serão utilizados os descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DECs) tais como “dor musculoesquelética” e “docentes”.  Espera-se que este estudo possa auxiliar os docentes que enfrentam sobrecarga de trabalho, longas jornadas de ensino e atividades físicas repetitivas.
Designing Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm for the Maximum Cut Problem
Authors: WANG Yunjiang  , XI Huiming  , XIAO Zhuoyan  , WANG Zengbin  , and SHI Sha  ,   1 School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071 China;,   2 Hangzhou institute of technology, Xidian University, Hangchou 311231 China;,   3 Guangzhou institute of technology, Xidian University, Guangzhou 510555, China;,   4 Beijing Quantum Systems Technology Co., Ltd., Beijing 100095, China
Published: February 2025

The Max-Cut Problem (MCP) is a classic problem in the field of combinatorial optimization and has important applications in various domains, including statistical physics and image processing. However, except for some special cases, the Max-Cut problem remains an NP-complete problem, and there is currently no known efficient classical algorithm that can solve it in polynomial time. The Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA), as a pivotal algorithm in the Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) computing era, has shown significant potential for solving the Max-Cut problem. However, due to the lack of quantum error correction, the reliability of computations in NISQ systems sharply declines as the circuit depth of the algorithm increases. Therefore, designing an efficient, shallow-depth, and low-complexity QAOA for the Max-Cut problem is a critical challenge in demonstrating the advantages of quantum computing in the NISQ era.
In this paper, based on the standard QAOA algorithm, we introduce Pauli Y rotation gates into the target Hamiltonian circuit for the Max-Cut problem. By enhancing the flexibility of quantum trial functions and improving the efficiency of Hilbert space exploration within a single iteration, we significantly improve the performance of QAOA on the Max-Cut problem.
We conduct extensive numerical simulations using the MindSpore Quantum platform, comparing the proposed RY-layer-assisted QAOA with standard QAOA and its existing variants, including MA-QAOA and QAOA+. The experiments are performed on various graph types, including complete graphs, 3-regular graphs, 4-regular graphs, and random graphs with edge probabilities between 0.3 and 0.5. Our results demonstrate that the RY-layer-assisted QAOA achieves a higher approximation ratio across all graph types, particularly in regular and random graphs, where traditional QAOA variants struggle. Moreover, the proposed method exhibits strong robustness as the graph size increases, maintaining high performance even for larger graphs. Importantly, the RY-layer-assisted QAOA requires fewer CNOT gates and has a lower circuit depth compared to standard QAOA and its variants, making it more suitable for NISQ devices with limited coherence times and high error rates.
In conclusion, the RY-layer-assisted QAOA offers a promising approach to solving Max-Cut problems in the NISQ era. By improving the approximation ratio while reducing circuit complexity, this method demonstrates significant potential for practical quantum computing applications, paving the way for more efficient and reliable quantum optimization algorithms.
Fast generation algorithm of high-quality holograms based on attention convolutional neural network
Authors: Sun Kang-Sheng  , Han Chao  , Qin Hai-Feng  , Gu Tao  , Li Wei  , Yu Cheng  ,   1 School of Electrical Engineering (School of Integrated Circuits), Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China;,   2 Key Laboratory of Advanced Perception and Intelligent Control of High-end Equipment, Ministry of Education, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China
Published: February 2025

In recent years, with the greatly improving performance of computers, deep learning technology has shown an explosive development trend and has been widely used in various fields. In this background, the CGH generation algorithm based on deep learning provides a new idea for real-time high quality of holographic display. The convolutional neural network is the most typical network structure in deep learning algorithms, which is able to automatically extract key local features from an image and construct more complex global features through operations such as convolution, pooling and full connectivity. Convolutional neural networks have been widely used in the field of holographic displays due to their powerful feature extraction and generalization abilities. Compared with the traditional iterative algorithm, the CGH algorithm based on deep learning has a significant improvement in computing speed, but its image quality still needs to improve further. In this paper, an attention convolutional neural network based on the diffraction model of the angular spectral method is proposed to improve the generation quality of holograms while generating holograms quickly. The whole network consists of real-valued and complex-valued convolutional neural networks, the real-valued network is used for phase prediction and the complex-valued network is used to make prediction of the complex amplitude of the SLM surface, and the phase of the complex amplitude which is obtained after prediction is used for holographic coding and numerical reconstruction. An attention mechanism is embedded in the downsampling stage of the phase prediction network to improve the feature extraction capability of the whole algorithm, thus improving the quality of the generated phase-only holograms. An accurate diffraction model of the angular spectrum method is embedded in the whole network to avoid labeling of large-scale datasets, and unsupervised learning is used to train the network. The proposed algorithm is able to generate high-quality 2K holograms within 0.015s. The average peak signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstruction images is up to 32.12 dB and the average structural similarity index measure of the generated holograms is up to 0.934. Numerical simulations and optical experiments verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed attentional convolutional neural network algorithm based on the diffraction model of angular spectral method, which provides a powerful help for the application of deep learning theory and algorithm in the field of real-time holographic display.
Classification of sleep apnea syndrome using the spectrograms of EEG signals and YOLOv8 deep learning model
Authors: Tanci Kubra , Hekim Mahmut
Published: February 2025

In this study, we focus on classifying sleep apnea syndrome by using the spectrograms obtained from electroencephalogram (EEG) signals taken from polysomnography (PSG) recordings and the You Only Look Once (YOLO) v8 deep learning model. For this aim, the spectrograms of segments obtained from EEG signals with different apnea-hypopnea values (AHI) using a 30-s window function are obtained by short-time Fourier transform (STFT). The spectrograms are used as inputs to the YOLOv8 model to classify sleep apnea syndrome as mild, moderate, severe apnea, and healthy. For four-class classification models, the standard reference level is 25%, assuming equal probabilities for all classes or an equal number of samples in each class. In this context, this information is an important reference point for the validity of our study. Deep learning methods are frequently used for the classification of EEG signals. Although ResNet64 and YOLOv5 give effective results, YOLOv8 stands out with fast processing times and high accuracy. In the existing literature, parameter reduction approaches in four-class EEG classification have not been adequately addressed and there are limitations in this area. This study evaluates the performance of parameter reduction methods in EEG classification using YOLOv8, fills gaps in the existing literature for four-class classification, and reduces the number of parameters of the used models. Studies in the literature have generally classified sleep apnea syndrome as binary (apnea/healthy) and ignored distinctions between apnea severity levels. Furthermore, most of the existing studies have used models with a high number of parameters and have been computationally demanding. In this study, on the other hand, the use of spectrograms is proposed to obtain higher correct classification ratios by using more accurate and faster models. The same classification experiments are reimplemented for widely used ResNet64 and YOLOv5 deep learning models to compare with the success of the proposed model. In the implemented experiments, total correct classification (TCC) ratios are 93.7%, 93%, and 88.2% for YOLOv8, ResNet64, and YOLOv5, respectively. These experiments show that the YOLOv8 model reaches higher success ratios than the ResNet64 and YOLOv5 models. Although the TCC ratios of the YOLOv8 and ResNet64 models are comparable, the YOLOv8 model uses fewer parameters and layers than the others, providing a faster processing time and a higher TCC ratio. The findings of the study make a significant contribution to the current state of the art. As a result, this study gives rise to the idea that the YOLOv8 deep learning model can be used as a new tool for classification of sleep apnea syndrome from EEG signals.
Occurrence rate and risk factors for acute kidney injury after lung transplantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Nuan , Ying Haoxing
Published: February 2025

Background

Compared with other solid organ transplantation, the morbidity rate of acute kidney injury is higher in lung transplantation. Our research was designed to examine the occurrence rate and risk factors for acute kidney injury after lung transplantation through a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Methodology

We conducted a database search for case-control studies and cohort studies on the occurrence rate and risk factors for acute kidney injury after lung transplantation up to August 19, 2023. Stata 15.0 was used for data analysis.

Results

Nineteen case-control or cohort studies were included, involving 1,755 cases of acute kidney injury after lung transplantation and 1,404 cases of non-acute kidney injury after lung transplantation. Based on the meta-analysis, the risk factors for acute kidney injury after lung transplantation included pulmonary fibrosis (OR, 1.34; CI [1.09–1.65]), hypertension (OR, 1.30; CI [1.07–1.58]), pre-op mechanical ventilation (OR, 3.30; CI [1.84–5.90]), pre-op extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR, 3.70; CI [2.51–5.45]), double lung transplantation (OR, 1.91; CI [1.45–2.53]), cardiopulmonary bypass support (OR, 1.82; CI [1.38–2.40]), cardiovascular events (OR, 1.50; CI [1.15–1.96]), intra-op hypotension (OR, 2.70; CI [1.42–5.14]), post-op extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (OR, 1.90; CI [1.20–3.01]), sepsis (OR, 3.20; CI [2.16–4.73]), dialysis (OR, 12.79; CI [6.11–26.8]).

Conclusions

Based on the existing evidence, clinical professionals can implement early detection, diagnosis and treatment of patients with acute kidney injury after lung transplantation, to improve the quality of life of these patients.
Effects of Chinese traditional ethnic sports on sleep quality among the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liu Jiahui , Ke Xiong-Wen , Lan Yi , Yuan Diana , Zhang Weihao , Sun Jian
Published: February 2025

Objective

Sleep disorders affect approximately one-fifth of the global elderly population, with poor sleep quality among old adults linked to an increased risk of chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and hypertension. Chinese traditional ethnic sports have garnered significant attention for their potential to enhance sleep quality in older adults; however, the effectiveness of these interventions remains controversial. This meta-analysis sought to evaluate the impact of Chinese traditional sports on the quality of sleep among older adults.

Methods

A systematic search of databases, including Web of Science, Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) examining the effects of Chinese traditional ethnic sports on sleep quality in older adults. Two independent researchers screened the literature, extracted relevant data, and conducted a quantitative meta-analysis using Stata17 software. Subgroup analyses were performed, including forest and funnel plot generation, heterogeneity analysis, sensitivity analysis, and publication bias assessment.

Results

A total of ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The meta-analysis revealed that older adults who participated in Chinese traditional ethnic sports showed significantly lower total PSQI score s relative to non-participants (Hedges’s g = −0.60, 95% CI [−0.89 to −0.31], P < 0.05). Egger’s test suggested no significant publication bias. Sensitivity analyses revealed that the age of participants, intervention mode, frequency, and duration did not substantially affect the combined effect size. Significant improvements were observed in sleep quality (Hedges’s g = −1.06, 95% CI [−2.00 to −0.13], P < 0.05), sleep duration (Hedges’s g = −0.52, 95% CI [−0.87 to −0.17], P < 0.05), and sleep efficiency (Hedges’s g = −0.50, 95% CI [−0.81 to −0.18], P < 0.05).

Conclusion

Chinese traditional ethnic sports are highly effective in improving the sleep quality of older individuals, demonstrating significant benefits in sleep quality, duration, and efficiency. Additionally, these interventions may reduce the reliance on sleep medications.
Rare Presentation of Organophosphorus Poisoning Induced Diabetes Insipidus: A Case Report
Authors: Raveekumaran Vignessh , Kumaran V Shyam , Selvaraj Sethuraj , Chenthil KS
Published: February 2025

Organophosphorus Compounds (OPC) are widely used insecticides that pose significant health risks following intentional or accidental consumption. The effects of organophosphates on the central nervous system include irritability, restlessness, disorientation and confusion, which can progress to generalised seizures, status epilepticus and brain damage. Diabetes insipidus is a rare and unusual complication of organophosphorus poisoning. In this case study, a patient with organophosphate poisoning who was admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) with an alleged history of exposure to the OPC Chlorpyrifos 1.5% is presented. Upon admission, her Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score was 7/15 and she exhibited anisocoria (right pupil 4 mm and left pupil 2 mm) with sluggishly reacting pupils to light. She was immediately started on an atropine infusion, but later developed tachycardia and seizures, which were treated appropriately. Her electrolytes were abnormal, revealing hypernatremia (serum Na+ 182 mEq/L) and she was treated to reduce this condition. Additionally, the patient was monitored for urine output, which measured 250-350 mL/hr, with a serum osmolality of 379 mOsm/kg and a urine spot sodium of 243 mEq/L. Based on these findings, she was diagnosed with diabetes insipidus and started on desmopressin. However, her GCS showed no improvement and eventually decreased to 2T/15, indicating a poor prognosis. In conclusion, this case study suggests that diabetes insipidus is a rare transient complication of OPC poisoning. This idiosyncratic effect is uncommon and physicians should be aware of such complications and treat them accordingly.
Growth of Kappaphycus alvarezii Seaweed from Tissue Culture Cultivated with Different Initial Seed Weights
Authors: Maryunani Kemandio , Lumbessy Salnida Yuniarti , Cokrowati Nunik
Published: February 2025

Abstract-Seaweed, commonly called seaweed, is one of the abundant biological resources in Indonesian waters, covering around 8.6% of the total marine biota. The area of ​​seaweed habitat in Indonesia reaches 1.2 million hectares, making it the largest in the world. One type of seaweed that is commonly cultivated is Kappaphycus alvarezii. This study aims to analyze the effect of different initial seed weights on the growth of K. alvarezii seaweed from tissue culture. This study lasted for 45 days, carried out from May to June 2024, located in the waters of Gerupuk Hamlet, Gerupuk Village, Pujut District, Central Lombok Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a 95% confidence level. If there is a significant effect (significantly different) from each treatment, further testing will be carried out using the Duncan test with the same confidence level. Meanwhile, water quality data and tissue sections were analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the use of different initial seed weights can increase the absolute weight of K. alvarezii tissue culture results ranging from 27.94g - 49.52g, the specific growth rate ranges from 0.39% - 3.14%. Carrageenan yield ranges from 0.37% - 0.54%. Seaweed production ranges from 307.2 - 998.2 g / m². The tissue structure of K. alvarezii seaweed with different seed weights obtained the results of P1 (25g) showing the results closest to the tissue structure before maintenance. The measurement of water quality during the study including salinity, pH, temperature, and phosphate was still ideal while light intensity and nitrate were not ideal for K. alvarezii seaweed cultivation. This study concludes that K. alvarezii seaweed cultivation with different initial seed weights can affect the specific growth rate but does not affect the absolute weight.
Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and Its Key Milestones: A Review of Last Five Decades
Authors: Gogoi S. J.
Published: February 2025

In this mini review article, it has been discussed on progressive development of Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) as a premier space agency in international space arena for executing tasks related to space-based applications, space exploration and the expansion of related technologies. Since its inception in the late 1960s, ISRO has played a pivotal role in advancing India’s space capabilities, transforming the nation into a major player in the global space community. This review article examines the historical evolution of ISRO, from its early beginnings to modern-day technological feats. Special emphasis is placed on landmark missions such as the Aryabhata satellite, Chandrayaan, Mangalyaan (Mars Orbiter Mission), and the upcoming Gaganyaan project. The discussion also underscores ISRO’s unique approach to low-cost innovation and examines how its space program has contributed to societal development through telecommunications, earth observation, disaster management, and more. Additionally, the article provides insights into international collaborations and partnerships, highlighting ISRO’s role in fostering global cooperation. The review concludes by exploring the future prospects of the Indian space program, emphasizing emerging challenges and potential opportunities.
Ginkgo biloba and Curcuma longa Root’s Synergistic Potency on Neurobehaviour of Streptozotocin-Induced Neurodegenerative Disorders
Authors: Charles Ifedi I. , Charles Nwafor C. , Ochanya Ifedi B. , Paul Igwedibia C. , Immaculata Ojimba M.
Published: February 2025

Neurodegenerative conditions like anxiety, depression, and Alzheimer's disease can result from prolonged exposure to stress. Herbal supplements like Ginkgo biloba and Curcuma longa (turmeric) are being investigated as a result of the search for natural neuroprotective agents. In order to mitigate streptozotocin-induced neurodegeneration, this study examined the effects of combining ginkgo biloba supplements with Curcuma longa root extract. Twenty-five rats weighing between 90 and 120 grammes were split into five groups of five animals each. Group A was the control group; Group B was the negative control group (STZ alone); and Groups C–E were given extracts orally for 21 days at doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg of Ginkgo biloba supplement and 200, 400, and 500 mg/kg of turmeric root extract. Following daily extract administration, a neurobehavioral test was performed. After 21 days, the animals were sacrificed and blood was extracted via ocular puncture into an EDTA container, and the serum was separated for oxidative biomarker analysis by centrifugation. The brain hippocampus was extracted and homogenized to measure the hippocampus absorbance level. Ginkgo biloba supplement and Curcuma longa root extract, at the doses tested on the Group C-E, significantly decreased p≤0.05 MDA, while GSH and SOD significantly increased p≤0.05 compared to group B. The hippocampus absorbance level increased non-significantly when compared to B. When comparing the test group to group B, there was a notable improvement in spatial memory and cognitive function, as evidenced by the significant decrease in escape latency and the number of errors (p≤0.05) and the significant increase in path efficiency. This study implies that some neurodegenerative diseases in diabetic rats may be lessened by the combined application of Curcuma longa roots and Ginkgo biloba supplements.
Impact of Social Media on Dietary Choices of Adolescents and Young Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chandwani Deepali , Singh Vishakha , Meena Sumitra
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Youth are becoming more and more active on social media, with over 90% of them having at least one account. Food and beverage companies take advantage of this trend by targeting teenagers with social media marketing for their products. The influence of social media marketing may raise the possibility of making poor eating choices and unfavourable health outcomes, depending on the products being promoted.
Objective: To know how social media impacts the dietary choices of adolescents and young adults.
Methodology: The English-language review papers, original research papers, observational studies and online write-ups regarding the impact of social media and technology on young adults' diet habits were examined.
Results: According to the analysis, social media has a significant impact on young adults' nutritional and health choices.
Conclusion and Implications: In light of these results, medical professionals and nutritionists should take into account screening young adults and adolescents for social media use and informed dietary choices, as well as informing the public and parents about the risks of these unhealthy eating practices.
Climate Change: Understanding Why CO2 is Innocent and Humanity Only an Accomplice of Nature—Strategies, Findings, and Consequences in Brief
Authors: Vert Michel
Published: February 2025

The carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by human activities is considered responsible for global warming and dramatic climatic excesses in a few decades. This future is predicted by an international organization, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). This article is intended to present a summary of the essential steps of an original approach initiated to introduce hard sciences in the area of ​​climate changes. Taking the role of a refrigerant in a refrigerator as model, it was first found that the mechanism proposed by the IPCC can be replaced by an original one based on heat, wherever it comes from, managed by water and its transitions between solid, liquid and gaseous physical forms. This new mechanism was given value by its applicability to temperature and ocean level changes during past glacial cycles. Next, the thermodynamics of ice melting was used to show a large imbalance in favor of heat during the last deglaciation, a quasi-equilibrium maintained by ice melt and evaporation during the first thousands years of the current Holocene interglacial plateau, and the return of excess heat at the origin of the currently observed ice disappearance. Whether anthropogenic heat in growth can be responsible of global warming is discussed.  So far, the limits of the variations in temperature in force for the last 8,000 years are still respected but at the expenses of   significant increases in the frequency and magnitude of climatic events. The interest of the energy transition carried out at a forced pace throughout the world must be reexamined in the light of the role given to heat. This work suggests that keeping climate events within acceptable limits requires reducing anthropogenic heat, in particular the capture of thermal infrared radiations, and not banning carbon energy in favor of electricity which, it should not be forgotten, also contributes to anthropogenic heat.
Natural Farming: A Sustainable Way towards Doubling Farmers’ Income
Authors: Chanu Naorem Bidyaleima , Julia Takhellambam , Singh Akoijam Benjamin , Hazarika B. N.
Published: February 2025

The intensive use of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides helped meet the food requirements of ever-growing population, their indiscriminate use has posed serious risks on soil and human health. However, there is an urgent need of sustainable farming systems or chemical-free farming methods, such as natural and organic farming that aim to revitalize environment and meet the food demand. Alternative practices like conservation agriculture, carbon-positive farming, and regenerative agriculture are emerging as solutions to conventional farming's negative environmental impact. Among these, natural farming has gained quite a momentum in nullifying the expenditure incurred as the production cost along with reducing external inputs and emphasizing native resources, agro-ecological principles and community participation. We reviewed scientific published studies in major scientific databases by using keyword like natural farming, ZBNF, soil health, sustainable agriculture etc. as single-word or in different combination in online databases. Over the last decade, efforts have been made in India to promote science-based natural farming practices, a transition of 2% cultivated land annually from conventional to natural farming without affecting food security and expect to replace 20% by 2030 in India. Hence, the future thrusts of natural farming may not lie in boosting crop yield rather it may boost farmers' income through nullifying the production cost (zero budget farming) and long-term sustainability replenishing soil health and ultimately human and animal health.
Smart Floriculture: Emerging Technologies and Future Prospects
Authors: Singh Harshpreet , Singh Tanvir , Sood Yachna
Published: February 2025

In recent years, the floriculture industry has experienced significant advancements driven by technological innovations that have transformed traditional practices. Smart technologies have revolutionized floriculture by transforming flower production and marketing in the digital age, thereby shaping the global flower industry. This study explores the integration of modern technology in floriculture, encompassing various aspects of flower production, post-harvest handling, and marketing. It examines key areas where technology has made substantial impacts, including precision agriculture, greenhouse automation, genetic engineering, vertical farming, and e-commerce. Additionally, it discusses emerging trends and future prospects in floriculture technology, emphasizing the potential for sustainable and efficient flower production. By synthesizing current research and industry practices, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art technologies in floriculture and their implications for the industry's future.
Impact of Precursor Molar Concentration on the Structural and Optical Properties of ZnO Thin Films Synthesized by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Arslanov A. , Yuldashev Sh. , Botirova N. , Nusretov R. , Murodov J. , Xudoyqulov J.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films deposited on silicon substrates using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method at varying precursor molar concentrations (0.3 M, 0.4 M, and 0.5 M) of zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(C₂H₃O₂)₂·2H₂O). The structural, morphological, and optical properties of the films were analyzed through X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. XRD results showed an improvement in crystallinity with increased precursor concentration, with the highest intensity and sharpest peaks observed in the 0.5 M sample, indicating enhanced film quality. UV-Vis measurements showed a distinct absorption edge in the UV region, characteristic of ZnO’s wide band gap. PL spectra exhibited strong near-band-edge emissions, along with defect-related emissions linked to oxygen vacancies and zinc interstitials. Higher molar concentrations correlated with reduced defect luminescence, suggesting fewer vacancies and other defects, thus improving the overall optical performance of the ZnO films. These results demonstrate that precursor molar concentration plays a critical role in determining the structural and optical quality of ZnO thin films, supporting their potential for optoelectronic applications.
Branching and elongation with lactosaminoglycan chains of N‐linked oligosaccharides result in a shift toward termination with α2→3‐linked rather than with α2→6‐linked sialic acid residues
Authors: Nemansky Martin , Schiphorst Wietske E.C.M. , Van den Eijnden Dirk H.
Published: July 2002

The activity of bovine colostrum CMP‐NeuAc: Galβ1→4GlcNAcβ‐R α2→6‐sialyltransferase (α6‐NeuAcT) toward oligosaccharides that form part of complex‐type, N‐linked glycans appears significantly reduced when a bisecting GlcNAc residue or additional branches are present, or when core GlcNAc residues are absent. By contrast human placenta CMP‐NeuAc:Galβ1→4GlcNAcβ‐Rα2→3‐sialyltransferase (α3‐NeuAcT) is much less sensitive to structural variations in these acceptors. Furthermore the α3‐NeuAcT shows a much higher activity than the α6‐NeuAcT with oligosaccharides that form part of linear and branched lactosaminoglycan extensions. These results indicate that, in tissues that express both enzymes, branching and lactosaminoglycan formation of N‐linked glycans will cause a shift from termination with α2→6‐linked sialic acid to termination with α2→3‐linked sialic acid residues. These findings provide an enzymatic basis for the sialic acid linkage‐type patterns found on the oligosaccharide chains of N‐glycoproteins.
Dissociation constants and thermal stability of complexes of Bacillus intermedius RNase and the protein inhibitor of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens RNase
Authors: Yakovlev G.I. , Moiseyev G.P. , Protasevich I.I. , Ranjbar B. , Bocharov A.L. , Kirpichnikov M.P. , Gilli R.M. , Briand C.M. , Hartley R.W. , Makarov A.A.
Published: July 2002

Binase, the extracellular ribonuclease of Bacillus intermedius, is inhibited by barstar, the natural protein inhibitor of the homologous RNase, barnase, of B. intermedius. The dissociation constants of the binase complexes with barstar and its double Cys40.82 Ala mutant are about 10−12 M, only 5 to 43 times higher than those of the barnase‐barstar complex. As with barnase, the denaturation temperature of binase is raised dramatically in the complex. Calorimetric studies of the formation and stability of the binase‐barstar complex show that the binase reaction with barstar is qualitatively similar to that of barnase but some significant quantitative differences are reported.
Trimeric ring‐like structure of ArsA ATPase
Authors: Wang Hong-Wei , Lu Ying-Jie , Li Lin-Jiang , Liu Susen , Wang Da-Neng , Sui Sen-fang
Published: July 2002

ArsA protein is the soluble subunit of the Ars anion pump in the Escherichia coli membrane which extrudes arsenite or antimonite from the cytoplasm. The molecular weight of the subunit is 63 kDa. In the cell it hydrolyzes ATP, and the energy released is used by the membrane‐bound subunit ArsB to transport the substrates across the membrane. We have obtained two‐dimensional crystals of ArsA in the presence of arsenite on negatively‐charged lipid monolayer composed of DMPS and DOPC. These crystals have been studied using electron microscopy of negatively‐stained specimens followed by image processing. The projection map obtained at 2.4 nm resolution reveals a ring‐like structure with threefold symmetry. Many molecular assemblies with the same ring‐shape and dimensions were also seen dispersed on electron microscopy grids, prepared directly from purified ArsA protein solution. Size‐exclusion chromatography of the protein sample with arsenite present revealed that the majority of the protein particles in solution have a molecular weight of about 180 kDa. Based on these experiments, we conclude that in solution the ArsA ATPase with substrate bound is mainly in a trimeric form.
Ligand interaction with the purified serotonin transporter in solution and at the air/water interface
Authors: Faivre V. , Manivet P. , Callaway J.C. , Airaksinen M.M. , Morimoto H. , Baszkin A. , Launay J.M. , Rosilio V.
Published: July 2002

The purified serotonin transporter (SERT) was spread at the air/water interface and the effects both of its surface density and of the temperature on its interfacial behavior were studied. The recorded isotherms evidenced the existence of a stable monolayer undergoing a lengthy rearrangement. SERT/ligand interactions appeared to be dependent on the nature of the studied molecules. Whereas an unrelated drug (chlorcyclizine) did not bind to the spread SERT, it interacted with its specific ligands. Compared to heterocyclic drugs, for which binding appeared to be concentration‐dependent, a ‘two‐site’ mechanism was evidenced for pinoline and imipramine.
Expression of Double Vitreoscilla Hemoglobin Enhances Growth and Alters Ribosome and tRNA Levels in Escherichia coli
Authors: Roos Viktoria , Andersson Charlotte I. J. , Arfvidsson Cecilia , Wahlund Karl‐Gustav , Bülow Leif
Published: July 2002

In several organisms, expression of a gene encoding dimeric hemoglobin (VHb) from the obligate aerobic bacterium Vitreoscilla stercoraria has been shown to increase microaerobic cell growth and enhance oxygen‐dependent cell metabolism. In an attempt to further improve these effects of VHb, a gene encoding two vhb genes connected by a short linker of six base pairs was constructed and expressed in Escherichia coli(double VHb). Escherichia coli cells expressing double VHb reached a cell density 19% higher than that of cells expressing native VHb. The protein production per cell remained constant since the increase in cell growth was accompanied by an increase in protein content by 16%. Investigation of ribosome and tRNA content revealed that cells expressing double VHb reached their maximal capacity of protein synthesis later during cultivation than cells expressing native VHb, and furthermore they reached considerably higher levels of ribosome and tRNA compared to that of the VHb‐expressing cells.
Bacterial Acid Phosphatase Gene Fusions Useful as Targets for Cloning‐Dependent Insertional Inactivation
Authors: Thaller Maria Cristina , Berlutti Francesca , Schippa Serena , Selan Laura , Rossolini Gian Maria
Published: July 2002

The Morganella morganii phoC gene, encoding a class A acid phosphatase, was used to generate gene fusions with modified amino‐terminal moieties of the Escherichia coli lacZ gene carrying a multiple‐cloning site flanked by phage‐specific promoters and recognition sites for universal sequencing primers. The corresponding hybrid proteins retained a PhoC‐like enzymatic activity which is easily detectable by a plate histochemical assay, rendering similar gene fusions potentially useful as targets for cloning‐dependent insertional inactivation. Cloning experiments performed in plasmids carrying similar lacZ‐phoC fusions confirmed their usefulness as cloning vectors for direct screening of recombinants. As compared to conventional lacZ α‐complementation‐based vectors, which can only be used in E. coli hosts carrying specific lacZ mutations, the lacZ‐phoC fusion‐based vectors can be used in combination with any E. coli host and require a less expensive histochemical assay for screening of recombinants, while retaining all the advantageous features that made the former so popular as general purpose cloning vehicles.
Biocatalytic Synthesis of Fluorinated Polyesters
Authors: Mesiano Anita J. , Beckman Eric J. , Russell Alan J.
Published: July 2002

The biocatalytic synthesis of fluorinated polyesters from activated diesters and fluorinated diols has been investigated. The effects of time, continuous enzyme addition, enzyme concentration, and diol chain length were studied to determine the factors that would limit chain extension, such as enzyme inactivation, enzyme specificity, the equilibrium position for the reaction, hydrolytic side reactions, and polymer precipitation. An enzyme screen demonstrated that only Novozym 435, an immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica, was effective in producing the fluorinated polyester. Molecular weight and polydispersity analyses were performed by means of gel permeation chromatography. End group analysis was accomplished through the use of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectroscopy. Polymer molecular weight steadily increased and then leveled off after approximately 30 h, with a weight average molecular weight of approximately 1773. The majority of the polymer chains were terminated with either hydroxyl or vinyl groups. Polymers that were synthesized from bulk monomers had higher molecular weights, but high enzyme concentrations were required. Enzyme specificity toward shorter chain fluorinated diols appeared to be the governing factor in limiting chain growth. However, polymer molecular weight increased further (Mw = 8094) when a fluorinated diol that contained an additional methylene spacer between the fluorine atoms and hydroxyl groups was used.
Predictors of high house dust mite allergen concentrations in residential homes in Sydney
Authors: Mihrshahi S. , Marks G. , Vanlaar C. , Tovey E. , Peat 3* J.
Published: July 2002

Background: In parts of coastal Australia, house dust mite allergen concentrations in homes are often very high with at least 80% of homes in Sydney exceeding concentrations of 10 µg of allergen per gram of fine dust. In this study, we report the relation between characteristics of the home environment and house dust mite allergen concentrations at three sites in Sydney homes.

Methods: A total of 616 families were recruited as part of the Childhood Asthma Prevention Study (CAPS). Information about the home environment and structural aspects of the home was collected using a questionnaire. Samples of dust were collected from the parents' bed, the bedroom floor and the living room floor and assayed for Der p 1.

Results: A total of 68% of participants' beds, 65% of bedroom floors and 56% of living room floors had Der p 1 concentrations above 10 µg/g, with the highest concentrations of allergen in the bed. The most significant predictor of high Der p 1 concentrations in the bed and floors was the age of the home. We also found that beds with mattresses over two years old and with woollen or synthetic blankets or synthetic quilts had higher Der p 1 concentrations. Carpeted floors had higher Der p 1 concentrations than hard floors.

Conclusion: The finding that high Der p 1 allergen concentrations in homes with carpets and older mattresses indicates that control strategies directed at these sources are likely to be effective in reducing exposure. Alternatives such as the use of house dust mite impermeable mattress encasings on older mattresses may also be effective in reducing exposure.
A multicentre, open, non‐comparative phase II study of a combination of fludarabine phosphate, cytarabine and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor in relapsed and refractory acute myeloid leukaemia and de novo refractory anaemia with excess of blasts in transformation
Authors: Jackson G. , Taylor P. , Smith G. M. , Marcus R. , Smith A. , Chu P. , Littlewood T. J. , Duncombe A. , Hutchinson M. , Mehta A. B. , Johnson S. A. , Carey P. , Mackie M. J. , Ganly P. S. , Turner G. E. , Deane M. , Schey S. , Brookes J. , Tollerfield S. M. , Wilson M. P.
Published: July 2002

The primary objective of this study was to determine the complete remission (CR) rate achieved with the FLAG (fludarabine phosphate, cytarabine and granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor) regimen in patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) or de novo refractory anaemia with excess of blasts in transformation (RAEB‐t). Secondary objectives were to evaluate survival and toxicity. Induction treatment consisted of between one and two courses of FLAG. Patients achieving CR received between one and two courses of consolidation treatment. Eighty‐three of the 89 patients entering the study were eligible for assessment. CR rates were: 17 out of 21 (81%) in late relapse AML (Group 1), 13 out of 44 (30%) in early relapse/refractory AML (Group 2), and 10 out of 18 (56%) in de novo RAEB‐t (Group 3). Thirty‐four of the 40 responders (85%) achieved CR after one induction course. Median survival times were 1·4 years, 3 months and 1·6 years in Groups 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Other than myelosuppression, the FLAG regimen was not generally associated with clinically significant toxicity and was well tolerated by most patients including the elderly. The FLAG regimen offers a very effective alternative treatment for CR induction in poor prognosis adult patients with either relapsed or refractory AML or de novo RAEB‐t. FLAG delivers high‐dose treatment without increasing overall toxicity, an approach which is of particular value in older patients, who constitute the majority in these diseases. It is therefore an important advance in developing new treatment options for these patients.
A new G‐CSF‐supported combination chemotherapy, LSG15, for adult T‐cell leukaemia‐lymphoma: Japan Clinical Oncology Group Study 9303
Authors: Yamada Yasuaki , Tomonaga Masao , Fukuda Haruhiko , Hanada Shuichi , Utsunomiya Atae , Tara Mitsutoshi , Sano Masayuki , Ikeda Shuichi , Takatsuki Kiyoshi , Kozuru Mitsuo , Araki Koichi , Kawano Fumio , Niimi Miyuki , Tobinai Kensei , Hotta Tomomitsu , Shimoyama Masanori , Other Members Of The Lymphoma Study Group of The Japan Clini
Published: July 2002

This phase II trial was performed to evaluate the efficacy of a new granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐supported multi‐agent chemotherapy protocol, LSG15, for aggressive adult T‐cell leukaemia‐lymphoma (ATL). Ninety‐six previously untreated patients with aggressive ATL were enrolled and grouped as: acute type (58), lymphoma type (28) and unfavourable chronic type (10). Therapy consisted of seven cycles of VCAP (vincristine, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin and prednisone), AMP (doxorubicin, ranimustine and prednisone) and VECP (vindesine, etoposide, carboplatin and prednisone). G‐CSF was administered during the intervals between chemotherapy until neutrophil reconstitution was achieved. Eighty‐one per cent of the 93 eligible patients responded [95% confidence interval (CI), 71·1–88·1%], with 33 patients obtaining complete response (35·5%) and 42 obtaining partial response (45·2%). The median survival time (MST) after registration was 13 months and the median follow‐up duration of the 20 surviving patients was 4·2 years (range 2·8–5·6). Overall survival at 2 years was estimated to be 31·3% (95% CI, 22·0–40·5%). Grade 4 haematological toxicity of neutropenia and thrombocytopenia were observed in 65·3% and 52·6% of the patients respectively, but grade 4 non‐haematological toxicity was observed in only one patient. LSG15 is feasible with mild non‐haematological toxicity and improved the clinical outcome of ATL patients. MST and overall survival at 2 years were superior to those obtained by our previous trials.