bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Vivo and Cadaver Studies of the Canalicular/Lacrimal Sac Mucosal Folds
Authors: You Yongsheng , Cao Jing , Zhang Xiaogang , Wu Wencan , Xiao Tianlin , Tu Yunhai
Published: May 2016

Purpose.The study aimed to investigate canalicular/lacrimal sac mucosal folds (CLS-MFs) in vivo and in cadavers in order to explore their functional roles in the lacrimal drainage system.Method.The observations of CLS-MFs in vivo were performed on 16 patients with chronic dacryocystitis after undergoing an endonasal endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EE-DCR). The lacrimal sacs and common canaliculi of 19 adult cadavers were dissected. The opening/closing of an orifice and mucosal fold was recorded. All of the specimens were subjected to a histological examination.Results.The upper and lower lacrimal canaliculi in all of the samples united to form a common canaliculus that opened to the lacrimal sac. CLS-MFs were observed in 10 of the 16 patients (62.5%) and 9 of the 19 cadavers (47.4%). The orifices or mucosal folds could be opened or closed when related muscles contracted or relaxed. Histological sections showed a mucosal fold at one side of an orifice.Conclusion.Common canaliculus is the most common type that the canaliculus opens to lacrimal sac. CLS-MFs exist in a certain ratio that can be opened/closed with the movement of the orifices. They may be involved in the drainage of tears or the pathogenesis of acute dacryocystitis or lacrimal sac mucocele.
Antcin K, a Triterpenoid Compound from Antrodia camphorata, Displays Antidiabetic and Antihyperlipidemic Effects via Glucose Transporter 4 and AMP‐Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation in Muscles
Authors: Kuo Yueh-Hsiung , Lin Cheng-Hsiu , Shih Chun-Ching , Yang Chang-Syun
Published: May 2016

The purpose of this study was to screen firstly the potential effects of antcin K (AnK), the main constituent of the fruiting body of Antrodia camphorata, in vitro and further evaluate the activities and mechanisms in high‐fat‐diet‐ (HFD‐) induced mice. Following 8‐week HFD‐induction, mice were treated with AnK, fenofibrate (Feno), metformin (Metf), or vehicle for 4 weeks afterward. In C2C12 myotube cells, the membrane GLUT4 and phospho‐Akt expressions were higher in insulin and AnK‐treated groups than in the control group. It was observed that AnK‐treated mice significantly lowered blood glucose, triglyceride, total cholesterol, and leptin levels in AnK‐treated groups. Of interest, AnK at 40 mg/kg/day dosage displayed both antihyperglycemic effect comparable to Metf (300 mg/kg/day) and antihypertriglyceridemic effect comparable to Feno (250 mg/kg/day). The combination of significantly increased skeletal muscular membrane expression levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) but decreased hepatic glucose‐6‐phosphatase (G6 Pase) mRNA levels by AnK thus contributed to a decrease in blood glucose levels. Furthermore, AnK enhanced phosphorylation of AMP‐activated protein kinase (phospho‐AMPK) expressions in the muscle and liver. Moreover, AnK treatment exhibited inhibition of hepatic fatty acid synthase (FAS) but enhancement of fatty acid oxidation peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor α (PPARα) expression coincident with reduced sterol response element binding protein‐1c (SREBP‐1c) mRNA levels in the liver may contribute to decreased plasma triglycerides, hepatic steatosis, and total cholesterol levels. The present findings indicate that AnK displays an advantageous therapeutic potential for the management of type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
ATP Bioluminometers Analysis on the Surfaces of Removable Orthodontic Aligners after the Use of Different Cleaning Methods
Authors: Levrini Luca , Mangano Alessandro , Margherini Silvia , Tenconi Camilla , Vigetti Davide , Muollo Raffaele , Marco Abbate Gian
Published: May 2016

Purpose. The aim was to quantify the bacteria concentration on the surface of orthodontic clear aligners using three different cleaning methods. Furthermore the objective was to validate the efficacy of the bioluminometer in assessing the bacteria concentration.Materials and Methods. Twenty subjects (six males and fourteen females) undergoing orthodontic therapy with clear aligners (Invisalign® Align Technology, Santa Clara, California) were enrolled in this study. The observation time was of six weeks. The patients were instructed to use different cleaning methods (water, brushing with toothpaste, and brushing with toothpaste and use of sodium carbonate and sulphate tablet). At the end of each phase a microbiological analysis was performed using the bioluminometer.Results. The highest bacteria concentration was found on aligners cleaned using only water (583 relative light units); a value of 189 relative light units was found on aligners cleaned with brushing and toothpaste. The lowest bacteria concentration was recorded on aligners cleaned with brushing and toothpaste and the use of sodium carbonate and sulfate tablet.Conclusions. The mechanical removal of the bacterial biofilm proved to be effective with brushing and toothpaste. The best results in terms of bacteria concentration were achieved adding the use of sodium carbonate and sulfate tablet.
Electrospun Nanofibers Applications in Dentistry
Authors: Seo Seog-Jin , Kim Hae-Won , Lee Jung-Hwan
Published: May 2016

Nanofibrous structures exhibit many interesting features, such as high surface area and surface functionalization and porosity in the range from submicron to nanoscale, which mimics the natural extracellular matrix. In particular, electrospun nanofibers have gained great attention in the field of tissue engineering due to the ease of fabrication and tailorability in pore size, scaffold shape, and fiber alignment. For the reasons, recently, polymeric nanofibers or bioceramic nanoparticle-incorporated nanofibers have been used in dentistry, and their nanostructure and flexibility have contributed to highly promotive cell homing behaviors, resulting in expecting improved dental regeneration. Here, this paper focuses on recently applied electrospun nanofibers in dentistry in the range from the process to the applications.
A New Coordinated Control Method on the Intersection of Traffic Region
Authors: Ma Minghui , Yang Qingfang , Liang Shidong , Wang Yashi
Published: May 2016

Intersection regions widely exist in road networks as crucial connections, and the congestion effects on traffic in the networks cannot be ignored. In general, a conventional intersection region includes a merging region and more than two ramps, whose congestion brings a serious negative effect on traffic service quality and satisfaction of drivers. Specifically, intersection region congestion is caused by congestion in merging regions. However, current control methods regarding coordination of the variable speed limits and ramp metering in order to solve merging region congestion are insufficient to handle congestion occurring in the intersection region. Therefore, a new method of coordinated control is proposed in this paper based on mainline control using the variable speed limits and coordinated ramp metering. The coordinated control method is formulated considering the degree of crowdedness indexes and implemented based on the queue length, with the goal to relieve congestion in conventional intersection regions caused by merging region congestion. The coordinated control method is further evaluated based on an actual traffic network. The results show that the proposed method is effective in terms of improving traffic service quality and relieving intersection region congestion.
A Multiple Target Localization with Sparse Information in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Liu Liping , Yuan Shaoqing , Lv Weijie , Zhang Qiang
Published: May 2016

It is a great challenge for wireless sensor network to provide enough information for targets localization due to the limits on application environment and its nature, such as energy, communication, and sensing precision. In this paper, a multiple targets localization algorithm with sparse information (MTLSI) was proposed using compressive sensing theory, which can provide targets position with incomplete or sparse localization information. It does not depend on extra hardware measurements. Only targets number detected by sensors is needed in the algorithm. The monitoring region was divided into a plurality of small grids. Sensors and targets are randomly dropped in grids. Targets position information is defined as a sparse vector; the number of targets detected by sensor nodes is expressed as the product of measurement matrix, sparse matrix, and sparse vector in compressive sensing theory. Targets are localized with the sparse signal reconstruction. In order to investigate MTLSI performance, BP and OMP are applied to recover targets localization. Simulation results show that MTLSI can provide satisfied targets localization in wireless sensor networks application with less data bits transmission compared to multiple targets localization using compressive sensing based on received signal strengths (MTLCS-RSS), which has the same computation complexity as MTLIS.
Reducing the Cost of the Diagnostic Odyssey in Early Onset Epileptic Encephalopathies
Authors: Joshi Charuta , Kolbe Diana L. , Mansilla M. Adela , Mason Sara O. , Smith Richard J. H. , Campbell Colleen A.
Published: May 2016

Whole exome sequencing (WES) has revolutionized the way we think about and diagnose epileptic encephalopathies. Multiple recent review articles discuss the benefits of WES and suggest various algorithms to follow for determining the etiology of epileptic encephalopathies. Incorporation of WES in these algorithms is leading to the discovery of new genetic diagnoses of early onset epileptic encephalopathies (EOEEs) at a rapid rate; however, WES is not yet a universally utilized diagnostic tool. Clinical WES may be underutilized due to provider discomfort in ordering the test or perceived costliness. At our hospital WES is not routinely performed for patients with EOEE due to limited insurance reimbursement. In fact for any patient with noncommercial insurance (Medicaid) the institution does not allow sending out WES as this is not “established”/“proven to be highly useful and cost effective”/“approved test” in patients with epilepsy. Recently, we performed WES on four patients from three families and identified novel mutations in known epilepsy genes in all four cases. These patients had State Medicaid as their insurance carrier and were followed up for several years for EOEE while being worked up using the traditional/approved testing methods. Following a recently proposed diagnostic pathway, we analyzed the cost savings (US dollars) that could be accrued if WES was performed earlier in the diagnostic odyssey. This is the first publication that addresses the dollar cost of traditional testing in EOEE as performed in these four cases versus WES and the potential cost savings.
Pneumatosis Intestinalis Associated with Juvenile Dermatomyositis
Authors: Miyamae Takako , Ishiguro Naoko , Yonezawa Maria , Tokushige Katsutoshi , Yamanaka Hisashi
Published: May 2016

We herein report a case of pneumatosis intestinalis (PI), a condition characterized by the presence of gas within the wall of the digestive tract, associated with juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM). A 16-year-old girl, diagnosed with JDM at the age of 10, presented with abdominal pain and distention. She developed PI based on radiological findings that also included a dilated large intestine, extraluminal gas, and secondary diaphragmatic elevation. She was observed with medical therapy including bowel rest and hyperbaric oxygen therapy. However, she ultimately developed a strangulated obstruction 5 years after presentation with PI and large intestine resection and colostomy were performed emergently.
An Overview of Moving Object Trajectory Compression Algorithms
Authors: Sun Penghui , Xia Shixiong , Yuan Guan , Li Daxing
Published: May 2016

Compression technology is an efficient way to reserve useful and valuable data as well as remove redundant and inessential data from datasets. With the development of RFID and GPS devices, more and more moving objects can be traced and their trajectories can be recorded. However, the exponential increase in the amount of such trajectory data has caused a series of problems in the storage, processing, and analysis of data. Therefore, moving object trajectory compression undoubtedly becomes one of the hotspots in moving object data mining. To provide an overview, we survey and summarize the development and trend of moving object compression and analyze typical moving object compression algorithms presented in recent years. In this paper, we firstly summarize the strategies and implementation processes of classical moving object compression algorithms. Secondly, the related definitions about moving objects and their trajectories are discussed. Thirdly, the validation criteria are introduced for evaluating the performance and efficiency of compression algorithms. Finally, some application scenarios are also summarized to point out the potential application in the future. It is hoped that this research will serve as the steppingstone for those interested in advancing moving objects mining.
Fuzzy Multicriteria Model for Selection of Vibration Technology
Authors: Carnero María Carmen
Published: May 2016

The benefits of applying the vibration analysis program are well known and have been so for decades. A large number of contributions have been produced discussing new diagnostic, signal treatment, technical parameter analysis, and prognosis techniques. However, to obtain the expected benefits from a vibration analysis program, it is necessary to choose the instrumentation which guarantees the best results. Despite its importance, in the literature, there are no models to assist in taking this decision. This research describes an objective model using Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (FAHP) to make a choice of the most suitable technology among portable vibration analysers. The aim is to create an easy-to-use model for processing, manufacturing, services, and research organizations, to guarantee adequate decision-making in the choice of vibration analysis technology. The model described recognises that judgements are often based on ambiguous, imprecise, or inadequate information that cannot provide precise values. The model incorporates judgements from several decision-makers who are experts in the field of vibration analysis, maintenance, and electronic devices. The model has been applied to a Health Care Organization.
A Case of Spontaneous Multivessel Coronary Artery Spasm That Underwent Stent Implantation Accompanying ST Segment Elevation on Inferior Electrocardiographic Leads
Authors: Kahraman Ay Nuray , Nasifov Muharrem , Goktekin Ömer
Published: May 2016

Coronary artery spasm is usually defined as a focal constriction of a coronary artery segment, which is reversible, and causes myocardial ischaemia by restricting coronary blood flow. A coronary spasm may rarely compromise all three epicardial arteries simultaneously. We present a case of severe coronary spasm afflicting all coronary arteries accompanying an ST segment elevation in leads D2-D3 and aVF.
Auricular Acupuncture and Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia: A Randomised Controlled Study
Authors: Bergdahl L. , Broman J.-E. , Berman A. H. , Haglund K. , von Knorring L. , Markström A.
Published: May 2016

Objective. The most effective nonpharmacological treatment for insomnia disorder is cognitive behavioural therapy-insomnia (CBT-i). However CBT-i may not suit everyone. Auricular acupuncture (AA) is a complementary treatment. Studies show that it may alleviate insomnia symptoms. The aim of this randomised controlled study was to compare treatment effects of AA with CBT-i and evaluate symptoms of insomnia severity, anxiety, and depression.Method. Fifty-nine participants, mean age 60.5 years (SD 9.4), with insomnia disorder were randomised to group treatment with AA or CBT-i. Self-report questionnaires, the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep scale (DBAS-16), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD), were collected at baseline, after treatment, and at 6-month follow-up. A series of linear mixed models were performed to examine treatment effect over time between and within the groups.Results. Significant between-group improvements were seen in favour of CBT-i in ISI after treatment and at the 6-month follow-up and in DBAS-16 after treatment. Both groups showed significant within-group postintervention improvements in ISI, and these changes were maintained six months later. The CBT-i group also showed a significant reduction in DBAS-16 after treatment and six months later.Conclusions. Compared to CBT-i, AA, as offered in this study, cannot be considered an effective stand-alone treatment for insomnia disorder. The trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT01765959.
Calculation and Analysis of Permanent Magnet Eddy Current Loss Fault with Magnet Segmentation
Authors: Li Bing , Li Ming
Published: May 2016

This paper investigates the problem of calculating and analyzing the effect of the permanent magnet eddy current loss fault due to magnet segmentation. Taking an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor with inverter supplied as an example, the rated power of motor was 2.2 kW. Three-dimensional finite-element model was firstly established based on finite-element software. Then, the model mesh and boundary conditions were handled specially; permanent magnet eddy current loss fault was calculated and analyzed theoretically with magnet segmentation from space harmonic and time harmonic, respectively. Finally, calculation results were compared and explained. A useful conclusion for permanent magnet synchronous motor design has been obtained.
Stochastic Modelling as a Tool for Seismic Signals Segmentation
Authors: Kucharczyk Daniel , Wyłomańska Agnieszka , Obuchowski Jakub , Zimroz Radosław , Madziarz Maciej
Published: May 2016

In order to model nonstationary real-world processes one can find appropriate theoretical model with properties following the analyzed data. However in this case many trajectories of the analyzed process are required. Alternatively, one can extract parts of the signal that have homogenous structure via segmentation. The proper segmentation can lead to extraction of important features of analyzed phenomena that cannot be described without the segmentation. There is no one universal method that can be applied for all of the phenomena; thus novel methods should be invented for specific cases. They might address specific character of the signal in different domains (time, frequency, time-frequency, etc.). In this paper we propose two novel segmentation methods that take under consideration the stochastic properties of the analyzed signals in time domain. Our research is motivated by the analysis of vibration signals acquired in an underground mine. In such signals we observe seismic events which appear after the mining activity, like blasting, provoked relaxation of rock, and some unexpected events, like natural rock burst. The proposed segmentation procedures allow for extraction of such parts of the analyzed signals which are related to mentioned events.
The Application of Equivalent Age Concept to Sand Concrete Compared to Ordinary Concrete
Authors: Bella Nabil , Bella Ilham Aguida , Asroun Aissa
Published: May 2016

In this research the equivalent age concept was used, in order to simulate strength development of heat treated sand concrete compared with ordinary concrete at different temperature, 35, 55, and 70°C, and validate the simulation results with our experimental results. Sand concrete is a concrete with a lower or without coarse aggregate dosage; it is used to realize thin element as small precast prestressed beams, in injected concrete or in regions where sand is in extra quantity and the coarse aggregate in penury. This concrete is composed by principally sand, filler, superplasticizer, water, and cement. The results show that the simulation of ordinary concrete was acceptable with an error lower than 20%. But the error was considerable for the sand concrete. The error was due to large superplasticizer dosage, which modified the hardening of sand concrete; the most influent parameter in Arrhenius law is apparent energy activation, to search for the value of the activation energy which gives the best simulation; a superposition is used of two curves of different temperature and with superplasticizer dosage 4% and several values of activation energy, 15, 20, 25, and 30 × 10 kcal. The simulation becomes ameliorated with the adequate value of activation energy.
Primary Umbilical Endometriosis: Unusual and Rare Clinical Presentation
Authors: Taniguchi Fuminori , Hirakawa Eriko , Azuma Yukihiro , Uejima Chihiro , Ashida Keigo , Harada Tasuku
Published: May 2016

Primary umbilical endometriosis is a rare disorder and is defined as the presence of ectopic endometrial tissue within the umbilicus. A patient with painful mass in the umbilicus during menstrual period is studied in this paper. The possibility of subcutaneous endometriosis should be considered when an umbilical mass is detected despite the absence of previous surgery. In this case, urachal cancer, urachal remnant, umbilical endometriosis, and its malignant transformation were among the diseases considered in the differential diagnosis. Complete excision and histology are necessary to obtain a definitive diagnosis and optimal treatment for umbilical subcutaneous endometriosis.
Immunocompromised Children with Severe Adenoviral Respiratory Infection
Authors: Tylka Joanna C. , McCrory Michael C. , Gertz Shira J. , Custer Jason W. , Spaeder Michael C.
Published: May 2016

Purpose. To investigate the impact of severe respiratory adenoviral infection on morbidity and case fatality in immunocompromised children.Methods. Combined retrospective-prospective cohort study of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) in four children’s hospitals with severe adenoviral respiratory infection and an immunocompromised state between August 2009 and October 2013. We performed a secondary case control analysis, matching our cohort 1 : 1 by age and severity of illness score with immunocompetent patients also with severe respiratory adenoviral infection.Results. Nineteen immunocompromised patients were included in our analysis. Eleven patients (58%) did not survive to hospital discharge. Case fatality was associated with cause of immunocompromised state (p=0.015), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (p=0.001), requirement of renal replacement therapy (p=0.01), ICU admission severity of illness score (p=0.011), and treatment with cidofovir (p=0.005). Immunocompromised patients were more likely than matched controls to have multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (p=0.01), require renal replacement therapy (p=0.02), and not survive to hospital discharge (p=0.004). One year after infection, 43% of immunocompromised survivors required chronic mechanical ventilator support.Conclusions. There is substantial case fatality as well as short- and long-term morbidity associated with severe adenoviral respiratory infection in immunocompromised children.
Timing of Caffeine Therapy and Neonatal Outcomes in Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Hand Ivan , Zaghloul Nahla , Barash Lily , Parris Rudolph , Aden Ulrika , Li Hsiu-Ling
Published: May 2016

Background. Caffeine is widely used to treat apnea of prematurity. Here, we evaluated the efficacy of early caffeine (1-2 DOL) in decreasing the incidence of adverse neonatal outcomes.Methods. A retrospective cohort was used to compare the neonatal morbidity of 150 preterm neonates with gestational age ≤29 weeks. Infants were divided into 3 groups based on the initiation timing of caffeine therapy; (1) early caffeine (1-2 DOL), (2) late caffeine (3–7 DOL), and (3) very late caffeine (≥8 DOL).Results. The neonatal outcomes of early caffeine were comparable with those of the late caffeine group. Moreover, when comparing the neonatal morbidity of the very late caffeine group with that of the early caffeine group, multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed. We found that the timing of caffeine did not influence the risk of BPD (OR, 0.393; CI, 0.126–1.223;p=0.107), but birthweight did (OR, 0.996; CI, 0.993–0.999;p=0.018) in these infants.Conclusion. Neonatal outcomes of preterm infants were comparable whether caffeine was administered early or late in the first 7 DOL. The risk of BPD in infants receiving caffeine after 8 DOL was irrespective of delayed treatment with caffeine. Our results clearly demonstrate the need for further studies before caffeine prophylaxis can be universally recommended.
A Comparative Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial on the Effectiveness, Safety, and Tolerability of a Homeopathic Medicinal Product in Children with Sleep Disorders and Restlessness
Authors: Jong Miek C. , Ilyenko Lydia , Kholodova Irina , Verwer Cynthia , Burkart Julia , Weber Stephan , Keller Thomas , Klement Petra
Published: May 2016

A prospective, multicenter, randomized, open‐label, controlled clinical trial was performed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of the homeopathic product ZinCyp‐3‐02 in children with sleep disorders for ≥ one month compared to glycine. Children ≤ six years old received either ZinCyp‐3‐02 (N = 89) or comparator glycine (N = 90). After treatment for 28 days, total sleep‐disorder‐associated complaints severity scores decreased in both groups from median 7.0 (out of maximum 11.0) points to 2.0 (ZinCyp‐3‐02) and 4.0 (glycine) points, respectively, with overall higher odds of showing improvement for ZinCyp‐3‐02 (odds ratio: 4.45 (95% CI: 2.77–7.14), p < 0.0001, POM overall treatment related effect). Absence of individual complaints (time to sleep onset, difficulties maintaining sleep, sleep duration, troubled sleep (somniloquism), physical inactivity after awakening, restlessness for unknown reason, and sleep disorders frequency) at study end were significantly higher with ZinCyp‐3‐02 (all p values < 0.05). More children with ZinCyp‐3‐02 were totally free of complaints (p = 0.0258). Treatment effectiveness (p < 0.0001) and satisfaction assessments (p < 0.0001) were more favorable for ZinCyp‐3‐02. Few nonserious adverse drug reactions were reported (ZinCyp‐3‐02: N = 2, glycine: N = 1) and both treatments were well tolerated. Treatment with the homeopathic product ZinCyp‐3‐02 was found to be safe and superior to the comparator glycine in the treatment of sleep disorders in children.
Curcumin and Resveratrol as Promising Natural Remedies with Nanomedicine Approach for the Effective Treatment of Triple Negative Breast Cancer
Authors: Shindikar Amol , Singh Akshita , Nobre Malcolm , Kirolikar Saurabh
Published: May 2016

Researchers have made considerable progress in last few decades in understanding mechanisms underlying pathogenesis of breast cancer, its phenotypes, its molecular and genetic changes, its physiology, and its prognosis. This has allowed us to identify specific targets and design appropriate chemical entities for effective treatment of most breast cancer phenotypes, resulting in increased patient survivability. Unfortunately, these strategies have been largely ineffective in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Hormonal receptors lacking render the conventional breast cancer drugs redundant, forcing scientists to identify novel targets for treatment of TNBC. Two natural compounds, curcumin and resveratrol, have been widely reported to have anticancer properties.In vitroandin vivostudies show promising results, though their effectiveness in clinical settings has been less than satisfactory, owing to their feeble pharmacokinetics. Here we discuss these naturally occurring compounds, their mechanism as anticancer agents, their shortcomings in translational research, and possible methodology to improve their pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics with advanced drug delivery systems.
Effect of pH, Temperature, and Chemicals on the Endoglucanases andβ-Glucosidases from the Thermophilic FungusMyceliophthora heterothallicaF.2.1.4. Obtained by Solid-State and Submerged Cultivation
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Vanessa de Cássia , de Souza Coto Amanda Lais , de Carvalho Souza Rafael , Bertoldi Sanchez Neves Marcello , Gomes Eleni , Bonilla-Rodriguez Gustavo Orlando
Published: May 2016

This work reports endoglucanase and beta-glucosidase production by the thermophilic fungusMyceliophthora heterothallicain solid-state (SSC) and submerged (SmC) cultivation. Wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse were used for SSC and cardboard for SmC. Highest endoglucanase production in SSC occurred after 192 hours: 1,170.6 ± 0.8 U/g, and in SmC after 168 hours: 2,642 ± 561 U/g. The endoglucanases and beta-glucosidases produced by both cultivation systems showed slight differences concerning their optimal pH and temperature. The number of endoglucanases was also different: six isoforms in SSC and ten in SmC. Endoglucanase activity remained above 50% after incubation between pH 3.0 and 9.0 for 24 h for both cultivation systems. The effect of several chemicals displayed variation between SSC and SmC isoenzymes. Manganese activated the enzymes from SmC but inhibited those from SSC. Forβ-glucosidases, maximum production on SmC was 244 ± 48 U/g after 168 hours using cardboard as carbon source. In SSC maximum production reached 10.9 ± 0.3 U/g after 240 h with 1 : 1 wheat bran and sugarcane bagasse. Manganese exerted a significant activation on SSCβ-glucosidases, and glucose inhibited the enzymes from both cultivation systems. FeCl3exerted the strongest inhibition for endoglucanases andβ-glucosidases.
A New Species of the Mexican Tillandsia erubescens Group (Bromeliaceae)
Authors: GRANADOS MENDOZA CAROLINA , SALAZAR GERARDO A. , FLORES-CRUZ MARÍA
Published: May 2016

The Tillandsia erubescens group (Bromeliaceae) encompasses seven currently recognized species with reduced, pendulous inflorescences and endemic to pine-oak forests in the high mountains of Mexico. During the course of a taxonomic revision based on extensive study of herbarium specimens and detailed observations in the field, a new species of this group was discovered, which is described and illustrated here as T. tecolometl. The new entity belongs to a subgroup of species with purple corollas that also includes T. andrieuxii, T. macdougallii, T. oaxacana and T. pseudooaxacana. We present detailed morphological comparisons of the new species to the other species in the group with purple corollas, complemented with information on their habitat preferences, geographical distribution and phenology. An identification key to all the species with purple corollas belonging to the Tillandsia erubescens group is provided.
Differences in galectin-3, a biomarker of fibrosis, between participants with peripheral artery disease and participants with normal ankle–brachial index
Authors: Casanegra Ana I , Stoner Julie A , Tafur Alfonso J , Pereira H Anne , Rathbun Suman W , Gardner Andrew W
Published: May 2016

The aim of this study was to determine if galectin-3 levels were different between participants with peripheral artery disease (PAD) and controls, and to describe its relationship with markers of early atherosclerosis. Sixty participants were recruited into two groups: a PAD group ( n=31), ankle–brachial index (ABI) ⩽0.90 and a normal ABI group ( n=29), ABI 1.0–1.4. PAD participants were older (68.6 vs 61.8 years, p=0.037), more commonly men (68% vs 38%, p=0.02), and with more cardiovascular risk factors ( p<0.001). Galectin-3 was 22% higher in PAD participants (mean±SD: 17.6±4.7 vs 14.4±4.1 ng/mL, p<0.01). The odds ratio for galectin-3 in PAD to be 1 ng/mL higher than the participants with normal ABI was 1.19, after adjusting by age and gender ( p=0.014). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) were positively associated with galectin-3 in the age- and gender-adjusted model, while arterial elasticity and microalbuminuria were not. In conclusion, galectin-3 levels were higher in participants with PAD.
ICT Tool : Development of Calculator
Authors: R. Kolhe Prakash , P. Kolhe Pradip
Published: May 2016

Henry David said “Men Have Become the Tools of Their Tools.” In this era all the developing technology begin from calculation influenced by the computer programming ICT-tool. Today energy is main problem, by utilizing sun light energy(solar energy) problem can be minimize. Sun drying is still the most common method used to preserve agricultural products in most tropical and subtropical countries. However, being unprotected from rain, wind-borne dirt and dust, infestation by insects, rodents and other animal, products may be seriously degraded to the extent that sometimes become inedible and the resulted loss of food quality in the dried products may have adverse economic effects on domestics and international markets. The conditions in tropical countries make the use of solar energy for drying food practically attractive and environmentally sound. Dryers have been developed and used to dry agricultural products in order to improve shelf life. Solar drying facilities are economical for small holders, especially under favourable meteorological conditions.

This paper discuss to design to calculate design of solar dryer. In this different parameters are determined i.e Moisture removed, Water activity, Equilibrium Relative humidity, Total Heat Needed, Enthalpy, Average Drying rate, Drying time, Collector area, Length of air vent, Velocity required. The calculator was developed using C language Version 3.0 Turbo c++ copyright (c)1990, 1992 by Borland International was developed.
Sociocultural and Academic Considerations for School-Age d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Multilingual Learners: A Case Study of a Deaf Latina
Authors: Baker Sharon , Scott Jessica
Published: May 2016

F or decades , research has focused on American Sign Language/English bilingual education for d/Deaf and hard of hearing students whose families used English or ASL. However, a growing population of d/Dhh children come from households where languages other than English (e.g., Spanish, Chinese, Vietnamese) are used. In a longitudinal case study, the authors document the K–12 educational pathway of a deaf Latina student. Anecdotal records, semistructured interviews, assessment data, and document reviews of the participant’s school and clinical records are used to develop the case study. The findings provide the basis for recommendations for future research and for critical factors to consider to improve the education of d/Dhh Multilingual Learners (DMLs). These include ensuring appropriate educational placements, addressing early communication and language needs, determining effective instructional techniques and assessments, strengthening the L1 to support L2 learning, and providing students with opportunities to learn their heritage language.
Assessment and d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Multilingual Learners: Considerations and Promising Practices
Authors: Pizzo Lianna , Chilvers Amanda
Published: May 2016

Abstract: The authors address considerations and promising practices relating to assessment of d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Multilingual Learners. DMLs’ unique culture(s), language(s), and learning needs must be considered when assessments of this population are being planned, conducted, and interpreted. The authors address theory and research on (a) general considerations for the overarching assessment process, (b) specific assessment approaches used to assess DMLs, and (c) assessment of language proficiency for diverse language learners. In addition, basic recommendations for the assessment of DMLs are made, including increased availability of assessments in various languages, use of multiple sources of individual and family data, assessment of all languages, and incorporation of a strong assessment component (that includes nondiscrimination practices) into teacher preparation programs.
A New Kind of Heterogeneity: What We Can Learn From d/Deaf and Hard of Hearing Multilingual Learners
Authors: Cannon Joanna E. , Guardino Caroline , Gallimore Erin
Published: May 2016

T he presnt article introduces a special issue of the American Annals of the Deaf . Students who are d/Deaf or hard of hearing and come from homes where a language other than English or American Sign Language is used constitute 19.4%–35.0% of the U.S. d/Dhh population (Gallaudet Research Institute, 2013). The authors propose moving beyond the standardized use of the designation English Language Learners to embrace terminology encompassing these learners as diverse and rich in language: d/Dhh Multilingual Learners (DMLs). The authors present (a) a discussion of terminology, (b) an overview of available demographic data, (c) a synopsis of the special issue, (d) themes across three case study vignettes, and (e) overall recommendations to advance curriculum design and pedagogy for DMLs. Questions are posed challenging researchers and practitioners to investigate theory, research, and pedagogy that can enhance practice with DMLs and their families.
Le pouvoir du crédit au XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Lilti Antoine
Published: May 2016

Aux XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles, le terme « crédit » recouvrait une très large gamme de phénomènes. Il désignait non seulement une créance financière, comme de nos jours, mais aussi et même surtout la réputation d’une personne, la confiance qu’elle inspirait et, par conséquent, sa capacité d’action, notamment politique. Dans un livre audacieux, Credit, Fashion, Sex: Economies of Regard in Old Regime France, Clare Haru Crowston a essayé de comprendre la diversité des significations et des pratiques qui faisaient du crédit le « secret de polichinelle » de la société d’Ancien Régime. Nous essayons de prendre la mesure des enjeux soulevés par le livre et des questions méthodologique qu’il pose : comment peut-on écrire une histoire intellectuelle des pratiques sociales ?
Adaptabilité versus inaliénabilité Les dérogations des fidéicommis dans la Venise du XVIIIe siècle
Authors: Chauvard Jean-François
Published: May 2016

À la différence d’autres États italiens, Venise n’a jamais cherché à réformer les fidéicommis, ces fondations testamentaires qui empêchaient l’aliénation des biens et définissaient in perpetuum la ligne de succession. Avec des hésitations, l’État patricien a cependant légiféré sur les fidéicommis à mesure qu’ils entraient en contradiction avec d’autres institutions (dot, fisc) et d’autres systèmes de normes (crédit). Au nom de leur intérêt, il a aussi défini les conditions de levée de l’inaliénabilité des biens, dépassant la contradiction entre la conservation à l’identique et des accommodements avec le principe de prohibition. Comment s’opérait le passage entre l’indisponible et le disponible ? Tel est l’objet de cet article quimet en évidence la différence de traitement des biens immeubles et des capitaux sujets à fidéicommis. À partir du XVIe siècle, la levée de l’inaliénabilité des biens immeubles étaitune prérogative du Grand Conseil, l’organe souverain, à l’issue d’une lourde procédure qui impliquait plusieurs magistratures. L’octroi des dérogations par la grâce fut cependant parcimonieux à cause des conditions très restrictives d’acceptabilité des requêtes. L’image des biens immeubles qui ne sortaient qu’exceptionnellement des fidéicommis contraste avec celle des capitaux assujettis – rentes publiques ou prêts aux particuliers – qui étaient appelés à circuler à la faveur de remboursements et qu’il fallait réemployer au bénéfice du fidéicommis. Les juges du Procurator avaient le contrôle sur la procédure de levée de dépôt destinée à ce que le représentant du fidéicommis n’ait jamais les capitaux entre les mains. Garants de l’intégrité des fidéicommis, les juges étaient placés dans une position ambivalente à l’égard des ayants droit dont ils devaient surveiller les actes et dont ils étaient aussi les auxiliaires. Pour les requérants, ce dispositif s’avérait d’une grande plasticité puisqu’il I I permettait de remodeler le contenu du fidéicommis sans changer le périmètre de sa valeur.
Louvre: L’Oeuvre of Alexander Sokurov
Authors: Kujundžić Dragan
Published: May 2016

Alexander Sokurov’s latest film, Francofonia (2015), produced by the Louvre and filmed in France, takes up the issue of the Louvre in the middle of World War II and the Nazi occupation of Paris. This quasi-documentary, filmed along the lines of Sokurov’s signature documentary “elegies,” also encompasses the history of the Louvre up to the present day. Francofonia follows in the long line of Sokurov’s other films set in museums. Sokurov is an author who has worked more than any other filmmaker to translate paintings into a cinematic medium. While engaging with art history and great museums, however, Sokurov also gives a poignant interpretation of the violence of history that often surrounds great works of art. Thus the museum, in Sokurov’s cinematic interpretation, is both an archive of the most valuable products of civilization, as well as a material monument to the founding cultural and political violence that produced and surrounds it. The overt scrutiny and hypervigilance with which Sokurov films museums affects the very mode of his filming: his camera operates as if it were a museum itself, each film becoming an attempt to save civilization from its own ruination, and from its own blindness. Every frame in Sokurov’s films is thus a freeze-frame, born out of the paralyzing tension between external historical nihilism and the beauty of art.
The Museum Fever of the Old World: A Conversation with Alexander Sokurov
Authors: Kujundžić Dragan
Published: May 2016

Translated excerpts from a filmed conversation between Dragan Kujundžić and Alexander Sokurov, which took place at the Lenfilm Studio in St. Petersburg in September 2015.
De Man’s Obstacles
Authors: Briley Alexis C.
Published: May 2016

This article traces the recurrence of certain “obstacles” in the work of Paul de Man. My analysis centers on de Man’s essays on Romanticism in order to locate what he describes as a “shift” from “historical reflection” to the “problematics of reading.” De Man’s renewed attempts to describe this shift—and to name the obstacle that occasions it—draw on the very same language he uses in his reading of romantic texts. Focusing on de Man’s reading of Baudelaire and Hölderlin, in particular, I examine the obstacles de Man identifies within the work of these authors, as well as the ways these obstacles disappear and resurface in later essays. Although I maintain de Man never succeeds in actually naming this obstacle, his repeated attempts to confront it attest to the importance—perhaps even the necessity—of stumbling as a constitutive feature of his critical project.
Deconfabulation: Agamben’s Italian Categories and the Impossibility of Experience
Authors: Adler Anthony Curtis
Published: May 2016

Agamben’s self-professed epigonism underwrites his entire project, serving as an even more fundamental methodological concept than the signature, paradigm, and archeology. In Infancy and History , Agamben maintains that transcendental experience is no longer a viable source of philosophical insight; philosophers go astray referring their thinking back to an authentic yet esoteric experience that, itself unspeakable, grounds positive philosophical assertions. Neither mysterious nor ineffable, the experience founding philosophy is the completely patent, non-latent, experience of language’s pure exteriority. Rather than “deconstructing” metaphysics by exposing its hidden contradictions, philosophy must “deconfabulate,” telling fables about philosophy to undo its enchantments, since it is through the fable that the spell of silence, which itself originates in fable, can be broken. This “epigonal” method, which follows after the tradition rather than seeking a new grounding, is itself justified through Agamben’s account, in The End of the Poem , of the Italian, as opposed to Germanic, physiognomy and of a specifically Italian relation to language going back to Dante. To be Italian is to embrace the “deadness” of one’s own language, rejecting the myth of the resurrection of the original potencies of a dead classical language through a living, modern language.
Painting with Oil
Authors: Evans Mel
Published: May 2016

Oil magnate David Koch stepped down from the board of the American Museum of Natural History on December 9, 2015. His departure came only months after dozens of scientists signed a letter calling on the science museum sector to sever ties with the fossil fuel industry. Koch, who governs the sprawling Koch Industries alongside his brother Charles, had sat on the board for twenty-three years, and continues to maintain similar arrangements at the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., and the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. Over the years Koch has donated millions of dollars to these museums. Many argue that this has allowed Koch to influence their public programming while boosting the reputation of Koch Industries.
Department of Climate Defense
Authors: Marqusee Jeffrey , Kazin Michael
Published: May 2016

What will it take to stop and reverse climate change? On the left, we emphasize actions by ordinary citizens whose protests, educational work, and organizing seek to compel governing and economic elites to do the right thing for the rest of us. But not every powerful institution is resisting the truth about the damage being done to the planet. Surprisingly perhaps, the U.S. military has proven itself more open to addressing the climate crisis than Republican politicians who swear over and over again that the men and women who serve in uniform can do no wrong.

Jeffrey Marqusee, the former executive director of the Office of the Secretary of Defense’s Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program and a fellow leftist, discusses the Pentagon’s views on climate change and what it has done to mitigate it.
Poland’s Rightward Turn
Authors: Dymek Jakub
Published: May 2016

When Poland’s populist and conservative Law and Justice party (Prawo i Sprawiedliwość, or PiS) won a landslide majority this past fall, many were alarmed—and with good reason. PiS is a right-wing party, and like its political counterpart in Hungary, the Viktor Orbán-led Fidesz party, it too prides itself on being the defender of Poland’s traditional values and national sovereignty, the Roman Catholic church, and the country’s morality. Many worried that PiS’s election marked not only a rightward turn in Polish politics, but represented a broader resurgence of right-wing populism, xenophobia, and conservatism across Eastern Europe.
Game Over for the Tar Sands?
Authors: Lim Audrea
Published: May 2016

Today, plunging oil prices have sent Alberta into an ever-deepening recession; climate change is defining presidential legacies; and opposition to the tar sands has ballooned, with significant popular protests breaking out along proposed pipeline routes across Canada. These include Enbridge’s Northern Gateway and Kinder Morgan’s Trans Mountain pipelines in British Columbia, as well as TransCanada’s Energy East, which will stretch nearly the entire length of the country to the Atlantic coast. Could all of this spell a permanent end to tar sands expansion?
Four Inherited Disorders
Authors: Sachs Adam Ehrlich
Published: May 2016

In 1936, Walter Rosenthal of the eponymous banking empire began searching urgently for a way to smuggle his family’s fortune out of Vienna. To carry it out as cash or gold, stocks or bonds, was impossible. At last, according to a family chronicle written by Rosenthal’s great-grandson, he hit upon the notion of smuggling it out as human capital. Rosenthal liquidated his banks and purchased humanistic educations for his four sons at the Sorbonne. One son studied Spinoza, another Romanticism, another Romanesque architecture, and the last Greek tragedy. Within a few years, all of his economic capital had been converted into wisdom, subtlety, irony, and prestige, which were then stashed (in the form of humanities professors) at four different American college campuses.