bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GENE ACTION OF AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Biswas P. S. , Haque M. Enamul
Published: January 2014

Six parent diallel cross without reciprocal was studied to investigate the genetic behavior of different agronomic traits in rice. The analysis of Wr-Vr graph showed that panicle length, thousand grain weight and grain yield per plant did not follow the additive-dominance model indicating epistatic gene action responsible for the expression of these traits. All other traits under the study were conditioned by overdominance gene action except grains per panicle, which was controlled by partial dominance. The Yr?  (Vr + Wr)? graph revealed random distribution of dominant and recessive gene in expressing different traits in different parent, while correlation between parental mean and parental order of dominance indicated increasing effect of dominant gene for all the traits except days to heading and % spikelet sterility.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17033
GENETIC DIVERGENCE IN DOUBLED HAPLOID LINES OF SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Rahman M. M. , Shamsuddin A. K. M. , Asad U. , Islam M. N.
Published: January 2014

Genetic divergence of 17 doubled haploid lines and 3 check varieties of spring wheat were assessed through Mahalanobis D2-statistics. The genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The clusters I and III contained the highest number of lines (5). The cluster V contained single genotype. The maximum inter-cluster distance was noticed between the clusters I and V and minimum between III and VI. The highest intra-cluster distance was observed in the cluster IV and lowest in the cluster V.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v20i2.17034
MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF FIVE SELECTED BRINJAL (Solanum melongena L) GENOTYPES USING SSR MARKERS
Authors: Khorsheduzzaman A. K. M. , Alam M. Z. , Rahman M. M. , Mian M. A. K. , Mian M. I. H. , Hossain M. M.
Published: January 2014

Five brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes were selected for characterization using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSR) markers. All the genotypes showed considerable variation in respect of morphological, anatomical and biochemical aspects. For study of relatedness, plant genomic DNA was extracted by CTAB based method using 11 randomly selected primers produced from Calgene Inc. USA. The primers developed 22 bands through PCR amplification out of which 15 from 3 primers and were polymorphic. Genetic similarities of SSR profiles were estimated based on Jaccards coefficient value. The dendrogram generated two clusters and they were clearly distinct and separated from each other. Cluster-I consisted of genotypes TURBO and BL009; and cluster-II comprised of genotypes EG058, EG075 and ISD006. Genotype TURBO and BL009 were identified as the diverse genotype and showed a maximum of 17% dissimilarity from EG058, EG075 and ISD006. The similarity value ranged from 0.83 to 1.00 which indicated the presence of narrow range of genetic diversity at molecular level but have still a possibility of crossing among the genotypes of two clusters. The banding pattern of different genotypes could be utilized as reference for further comparisons.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v21i1.17041
ARTIFICIAL SEED PRODUCTION IN POINTED GOURD (TRICHOSANTHES DIOICA ROXB.)
Authors: Malek M. A. , Islam M. O. , Miah M. A. Bari
Published: January 2014

Encapsulation of nodal segments was successfully developed for pointed gourd towards the formation of artificial seed with sodium alginate. Encapsulated nodal segments (artificial seed) were cultured in MS basal medium containing different concentrations and combinations of BAP and NAA to induce germination and shoot proliferation. Highest (95%) shoot formation was obtained in MS + 1.0 mg/l BAP followed by MS + 0.5 mg/l BAP. The encapsulated nodal segments also regenerated in vitro on different substrates. Frequency of plantlet formation was low on these substrates compared to plantlet development on MS media. Among these substrates, the percentage of plantlet formation was better on moist cotton (42%) followed by filter paper (35%). The hardened plants were transferred successfully to soil in the earthen pots. The protocol for encapsulating the nodal segments for the production of artificial seeds and their subsequent regeneration is a new area of research to develop in vitro conservation strategies for pointed gourd.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v21i1.17044
COMBINING ABILITY AND HETEROSIS IN MAIZE (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Uddin M. S. , Amiruzzaman M. , Bagum S.  A. , Hakim M. A. , Ali M. R.
Published: January 2014

A line × tester analysis was conducted in maize involving 12 lines and 3 testers for grain yield and its components to determine the heterosis as well as general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects. Highly significant genotypic differences were observed indicated wide range of variability present among the genotypes. GCA and SCA variance for yield per plant number of kernels per row and 100-kernels weight were observed significant, which indicated importance of additive as type of gene action for these characters. The ratio of SCA and GCA variances were high for the all character studied that revealed the preponderance of non additive type of gene action. Standard heterosis ranged from -28.29 to 28.41%; -12.29 to 24.38%; -1.11 to 24.44%; -14.75 to 6.67%; -17.24 to 11.26% and -10.94 to 20.83% for grain yield per plant, number of grains per row, number of rows per ear, ear length, ear diameter and 100-kernel weight, respectively. The lines IPB 911-16, IPB 911-12, IPB 911-2, IPB 911-18 and IPB 911-47 showed significant positive GCA effect and simultaneously possessed high mean value indicating that the per se performance of the parents could prove as an useful index for combining ability. The crosses exhibited significant SCA effects involved high x high, high x low, low x high, average x low and low x low general combining parents. The cross combinations with significant positive SCA effect having high mean values might be used for obtaining high yielding hybrids. The information on the nature of gene action with respective variety and characters might be used depending on the breeding objectives.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v21i1.17045
GENETIC COMPONENTS OF GRAIN CHARACTERS IN RICE (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: Iftekharuddaula K. M. , Newaz M. A. , Biswas P. S. , Bashar M. K.
Published: January 2014

Haymans analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated importance of both additive and non-additive genetic components for all the grain characters. The ANOVA showed unidirectional dominance for the characters viz. kernel breadth, upper empty glume length and endosperm-embryo ratio, asymmetrical gene distribution for the characters viz. grain length, grain breadth, kernel length, kernel breadth and kernel thickness and residual dominance effects for all the grain characters studied. Five out of nine grain characters viz. grain breadth, grain thickness, kernel breadth, kernel thickness and upper empty glume length followed the simple additive-dominance genetic model. The rest of the grain characters showed nonallelic gene interaction or epistasis. According to Vr-Wr graph, partial dominance was involved in the action of genes governing the inheritance of grain breadth, grain thickness, kernel breadth and kernel thickness while complete dominance was involved in the inheritance of upper empty glume length. BR4828-54-4-1-4-9 contained the most of the recessive genes for four characters except upper empty glume length while Amol3 appeared to possess most of the recessive genes. On the other hand, Minikit for grain breadth, Amol3 for grain thickness and BRRI dhan29 for kernel breadth, kernel thickness and upper empty glume length possessed most of the dominant genes for the respective characters. The components of variance demonstrated involvement of both additive and dominant components in the inheritance of grain breadth, grain thickness, kernel breadth, kernel thickness and endosperm-embryo ratio. The distribution of dominant and recessive genes was unequal in the parents for grain breadth, kernel breadth, grain thickness, kernel thickness and upper empty glume length. Again, net dominance effects were in the negative direction for all the grain characters. There was drastic influence of environment on all the five grain characters following simple additive-dominance genetic model. Heritability in narrow sense (h2 n) was very high for grain breadth, grain thickness, kernel breadth and kernel thickness. However, h2 n for upper empty glume length was moderate. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpbg.v21i1.17047
In vitro Cultivation of Hancornia speciosa Gomes : The Physical Constitution of the Culture Medium, Sucrose Concentrations and Growth Conditions
Authors: Cabral Juliana Silva Rodrigues , Alberto Paula Sperotto , Pereira Flávia Dionísio , Souchie Edson Luiz , Silva Fabiano Guimarães
Published: January 2014

The effect of constitution of the culture medium, different concentrations of sucrose, and different growth conditions on the germination of seeds and growth of explants of "mangaba" (Hancornia speciosa Gomes) were evaluated in two in vitro assays. In assay one, the physical constitution of a medium (solid and liquid) and different concentrations of sucrose (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 g/l) were tested, and seed germination was found to be variable. In assay two evaluation of the effect of different growth conditions (with and without agitation) on the in vitro growth of explants. Present results showed that "mangaba" had the highest percentage of germination and potentiality when inoculated in a liquid medium with (15 g/l) or without sucrose. The medium without agitation resulted in a better growth of explants the average length number of buds. D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17519 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(2): 177-187, 2013  (December)
Callus Induction and In vitro Plantlet Regeneration of Gymnema sylvestre R. Br. (Retz.) and the Phytochemical Screening of Natural Plants and Callus Cultures
Authors: NAN Kaushalya , WTPSK Senarath
Published: January 2014

Gymnema sylvestre is a slow growing perennial medicinal woody climber. It belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae. Gymnemic acid, the major bioactive component of this plant species is used as a remedy for type II diabetes. Propagation of this plant is often difficult and expensive. In the present study, in vitro protocols were developed in order to induce callus and regenerate plantlets from different explants of G. sylverstre. As secondary metabolites are important in medicinal plants, studies were carried out to screen phytochemicals present in natural plants and callus. The best medium for callus induction from leaf discs was MS supplemented with 5.0 mg/l 2,4-D. Although, nodal segment grown in MS supplemented with 1.0 mg/l BA gave the highest shoot elongation (14.8 ± 0.20), growth regulator free MS also showed a high elongation of shoots (14.2 ± 0.37) and the difference between those two were non-significant. MS supplemented with 3.0 mg/l IBA was best for root induction. Highest survival percentage (62.5) was observed when plantlets were acclimated in a substrate containing a mixture of soil and sand in the proportion of 1 : 2.  In the present study, phytochemicals present in callus and the leaves of the naturally grown plants were compared using Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrophotometer. A total of nine compounds was identified from the leaves of naturally grown plants and nine compounds were identified from the callus. Out of all identified phytochemicals, a total of six compounds were present  in both leaves and callus samples suggesting that in addition the plant material, callus may also  be  used as a supplement raw material to obtain secondary metabolites for the pharmaceutical industry. D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17521 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(2): 201-210, 2013  (December)
Micropropagation of Salacia reticulata - an Endangered Medicinal Plant
Authors: Dhanasri G. , Reddy M. Srikanth , Naresh B. , Cherku Devi
Published: January 2014

An efficient protocol of axillary bud proliferation and direct organogenesis has been developed for Salacia reticulata, a highly important medicinal plant. Over-exploitation for its antidiabetic and antioxidant properties concentrated in roots and stem has caused it to be endangered, thereby the need for its conservation. Propagation of S. reticulata in vitro is a promising way for its conservation. To develop the micropropagation protocol, the germplasm was screened for selection of a suitable ecotype with high content of mangiferin estimated with High Performance Liquid Chromatography technique. Nodal segments were cultured on MS supplemented with different growth regulators. The most efficient  shoot multiplication was obtained with the supplementation of BA and IAA (3.5 + 0.5 mg/l). Elongation of the micro-shoots was achieved by subculture every 20 days. The elongated micro-shoots were efficiently rooted in vitro on half strength MS supplemented with IBA. Plantlets were successfully established in the soil in 6 - 8 weeks and were morphologically similar to those of the source plant. The protocols developed presently for direct shoot regeneration and root-induction could be successfully applied for development of high quality planting stocks. D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17523 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(2): 221-229, 2013  (December)
Cloning of the Plasma Membrane Sodium/Hydrogen Antiporter SOS1 for its Over expression in Rice
Authors: Razzaque Samsad , Elias Sabrina M. , Biswas Sudip , Haque Taslima , Seraj Zeba I.
Published: January 2014

Soil salinity adversely affects plant growth, development and disturbs intracellular ion homeostasis which results in cellular toxicity. The salt overly sensitive 1 (SOS1) gene is a critical component of salt tolerance in many species and encodes a plasma membrane Na+/H+ antiporter that plays an important role in germination and growth in saline environments. In the current study, the coding sequence of SOS1 gene (3447 bp) was amplified from a Bangladeshi rice landrace, Pokkali, by applying the fusion PCR strategy. SOS1 PCR amplicons were firstly cloned into pENTR/D-TOPO and then recombined with the binary vector, pH7WG2, through LR reaction. Positive colonies were validated by PCR, restriction digestion and sequencing. Finally, the constructed vector was transformed into Agrobacterium tumeficiens, LBA4404 strain, to initiate Agrobacterium-mediated transformation with the provision to transfer the cloned SOS1 into farmer popular rice varieties. D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17527 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(2): 263-273, 2013  (December)
The Phloroglucinol Conundrum: Increase in Root Growth of Hybrid Cymbidium (Orchidaceae) with no Toxic Effect on Protocorm-like Body Formation
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Jaime A.
Published: January 2014

D. O. I. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ptcb.v23i2.17528 Plant Tissue Cult. & Biotech. 23(2): 275-282, 2013  (December)
A long PCR–based approach for DNA enrichment prior to next‐generation sequencing for systematic studies
Authors: Uribe‐Convers Simon , Duke Justin R. , Moore Michael J. , Tank David C.
Published: January 2014

• Premise of the study: We present an alternative approach for molecular systematic studies that combines long PCR and next‐generation sequencing. Our approach can be used to generate templates from any DNA source for next‐generation sequencing. Here we test our approach by amplifying complete chloroplast genomes, and we present a set of 58 potentially universal primers for angiosperms to do so. Additionally, this approach is likely to be particularly useful for nuclear and mitochondrial regions.

• Methods and Results: Chloroplast genomes of 30 species across angiosperms were amplified to test our approach. Amplification success varied depending on whether PCR conditions were optimized for a given taxon. To further test our approach, some amplicons were sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq 2000.

• Conclusions: Although here we tested this approach by sequencing plastomes, long PCR amplicons could be generated using DNA from any genome, expanding the possibilities of this approach for molecular systematic studies.
Synthesis of five- and six-membered cyclic organic peroxides: Key transformations into peroxide ring-retaining products
Authors: Terent'ev Alexander O , Borisov Dmitry A , Vil’ Vera A , Dembitsky Valery M
Published: January 2014

The present review describes the current status of synthetic five and six-membered cyclic peroxides such as 1,2-dioxolanes, 1,2,4-trioxolanes (ozonides), 1,2-dioxanes, 1,2-dioxenes, 1,2,4-trioxanes, and 1,2,4,5-tetraoxanes. The literature from 2000 onwards is surveyed to provide an update on synthesis of cyclic peroxides. The indicated period of time is, on the whole, characterized by the development of new efficient and scale-up methods for the preparation of these cyclic compounds. It was shown that cyclic peroxides remain unchanged throughout the course of a wide range of fundamental organic reactions. Due to these properties, the molecular structures can be greatly modified to give peroxide ring-retaining products. The chemistry of cyclic peroxides has attracted considerable attention, because these compounds are used in medicine for the design of antimalarial, antihelminthic, and antitumor agents.
Peut-on comparer les grandes crises de 1873, 1929 et 2008 ?
Authors: Plihon Dominique
Published: January 2014

L’histoire du capitalisme est jalonnée de crises récurrentes d’inégale gravité. Par sa profondeur, la crise, qui a débuté aux États-Unis en 2007 sur le marché des subprimes et s’est propagée à l’économie mondiale à partir de 2008, peut être comparée aux grandes crises de 1873 et 1929. Ces trois crises ont en commun une triple dimension financière, sociale et économique 1 .
Les « experts » de la PAC à la Confédération paysanne : saisir les logiques sociales de la représentation syndicale
Authors: Roullaud Élise
Published: January 2014

Les travaux portant sur les logiques de la représentation partisane ou syndicale mettent en évidence une distinction sociale entre « mandataires » et « mandants » reposant notamment sur un capital scolaire et économique plus élevé pour les premiers. L’étude sociologique de la sélection des responsables nationaux de la Confédération paysanne et plus précisément de ceux considérés comme « experts » de la Politique agricole commune dévoile d’autres mécanismes distinctifs. Le présent article démontre ainsi non seulement le rôle déterminant de la constitution d’un capital militant spécifique mais également celui joué par les logiques organisationnelles dans la désignation des représentants syndicaux. En se focalisant sur la figure des « experts », cet article révèle en outre la relativité des ressources militantes dont la valeur dépend du contexte organisationnel dans lequel elles s’inscrivent.
Sociologie pragmatique : mode d'emploi
Authors: Barthe Yannick , de Blic Damien , Heurtin Jean-Philippe , Lagneau Éric , Lemieux Cyril , Linhardt Dominique , Moreau de Bellaing Cédric , Rémy Catherine , Trom Danny
Published: January 2014

En trente ans, la « sociologie pragmatique » (aussi dénommée « sociologie des épreuves ») a produit des enquêtes empiriques touchant à l’ensemble des domaines de la vie sociale. En conformité avec les postulats théoriques qu’ils entendaient défendre, les chercheurs qui se reconnaissent dans ce courant sociologique ont mis au point des façons sensiblement nouvelles de conduire l’enquête, de collecter les données, d’explorer les terrains, de penser par cas et de se servir des controverses et des affaires comme points d’entrée dans l’ordre social et dans la question de sa problématique reproduction. L’objectif de cet article est de caractériser en dix points le style pragmatique en sociologie et de préciser ce que sont ses réquisits méthodologiques et ses conséquences pratiques dans la conduite du travail d’enquête.
Magia en al-Andalus: Rasā’il ijwān al-Ṣafā’, Rutbat al-ḥakīm y Gāyat al-ḥakīm (Picatrix)
Authors: De Callataÿ Godefroid
Published: January 2014

El artículo analiza la introducción de las Rasā’il ijwān al-Ṣafā’ en al-Andalus y la implicación de esta cuestión en la historia de la ciencia y la filosofía árabes. Más particularmente, se centra en el impacto de la enciclopedia de los Hermanos de la Pureza en dos obras importantes de la literatura de al-Andalus en el campo de las ciencias ocultas: la Rutbat al-ḥakīm y la Gāyat al-ḥakīm. Retoma el tema de la autoría y cronología de estas tres obras, destacando el hecho de que el corpus de las Rasā’il es el resultado final de un proceso de compilación históricamente largo y confirmando, a partir de algunos elementos nuevos, la identificación del autor de la Rutba y de la Gāya con Maslama al-Qurṭubī (m. 964). La comparación textual de estas tres obras y, en particular, el análisis de la Rutba, obra aún inédita, permite identificar a Maslama al-Qurṭubī como el transmisor genuino del corpus ijwāniano a al-Andalus.
Introducción. Taqiyya: disimulo legal
Authors: García-Arenal Mercedes
Published: January 2014

Esta introducción enmarca las contribuciones a la sección monográfica y las engarza en torno a las propuestas según las cuales el disimulo y su legitimación teórica son indisolubles de la tensión escatológica y mesiánica, y que requieren la convicción de pertenecer a un grupo aparte, superior, que espera o planea otro tiempo futuro.
La taqiyya et le jeûne du Ramadan : quelques réflexions ismaéliennes sur le sens ésotérique de la charia
Authors: De Smet Daniel
Published: January 2014

[fr] En cet article nous analysons les notions de taqiyya et kitmān telles qu’elles ont été élaborées par des auteurs ismaéliens des 10e et 11e siècles. Tout au long du présent « cycle d’occultation », la « science véritable » est voilée sous la lettre des textes révélés et des lois qui en découlent. Seuls les imāms et leurs disciples ont accès à cette science, mais ils n’ont pas le droit de la divulguer au tout venant. Cette obligation de garder le secret fait partie du sermon d’allégeance que chaque Ismaélien doit prêter avant le début de son initiation. Mais même les imams ont été forcés d’agir avec prudence et en secret. À certains moments, ils ont été obligés d’entrer en occultation (satr, istitār), en cachant leur véritable identité et leur lieu de résidence. Cette pratique de taqiyya et kitmān est présentée comme le sens caché des prescriptions coraniques relatives au jeûne du Ramadan. La rupture illicite du jeûne signifie la transgression des règles de la taqiyya, tandis que le ‘Id al-fiṭr symbolise l’abolition finale de l’obligation de la taqiyya. Les auteurs fatimides interprètent l’avènement de ‘Abd Allāh al-Mahdi et la fondation de l’état fatimide en Ifrīqiya comme un signe annoncant le ‘Id al-fiṭr, qui aura lieu avec l’apparition du Qā’im lors de la Grande Résurrection. En ouvrant un nouveau « cycle de manifestation », il abrogera toutes les eligions et les lois exotériques. La science sera alors directement accessible, sans zāhir ni bāṭin. Par conséquent, il ne sera plus nécessaire d’observer la taqiyya et le kitmān. L’ismaélisme étant un mouvement messianique avec des objectifs éminemment politiques, il n’y a pas lieu de dissocier l’aspect sécuritaire de l’aspect ésotérique dans sa théorie de la taqiyya.
La eficacia legal de actos de taqiyya en la jurisprudencia imami: al-Risāla fi l-taqiyya de ‛Alī al-Karakī
Authors: Gleave Robert
Published: January 2014

La šī‛a imāmí está estrechamente asociada a la doctrina del disimulo (taqiyya). En general, los juristas imāmíes permitieron a los creyentes actuar contraviniendo a la «verdadera» šarī‛a en circunstancias de taqiyya. Para estas transgresiones permitidas no había castigo, no se incurría en pecado ni repetición ni compensación con tal de que los actores legales guardaran unos límites estipulados. En el siglo X/XVI el famoso jurista ‛Alī al-Karakī introdujo una innovación en las reglas šī‛íes de taqiyya según la cual habría una amplia categoría de actos generados por taqiyya que no implicaban pecado pero sí una transgresión legal y por lo tanto el posible requerimiento de repetir o compensar los actos cometidos. En este artículo se traduce y comenta su “Tratado del disimulo” y se analizan algunas de las reacciones posteriores que causó en la jurisprudencia šī‛í.
Les chanoines de la cathédrale du Mans et le cumul des bénéfices au XIVe siècle (1294-1378)
Authors: Leloup Julien
Published: January 2014

Cet article traite du cumul de bénéfices
ecclésiastiques par les chanoines de la cathédrale du Mans au XIVe
siècle. Il s’agit d’une étude concernant tous types de bénéfices :
prébendes et dignités de cathédrales, de collégiales et églises
paroissiales. Après une rapide évocation de l’organisation du chapitre
cathédral du Mans à cette époque, ce travail analyse les différents
aspects de la pratique du cumul. Cela porte tout d’abord sur les
bénéfices cumulés, puis sur les chanoines qui pratiquaient le cumul.
L’étude des chanoines cumulateurs recouvre autant leur origine sociale
et géographique que leurs activités à l’extérieur du chapitre :
service de la cour pontificale, de seigneurs laïques, d’évêques et
enseignement. Enfin l’influence du cumul sur la vie du chapitre
cathédral est étudiée : durée des canonicats, relation des dignitaires
du chapitre cathédral du Mans au cumul et présence des cumulateurs
dans le quotidien de l’institution.
Les négociants dans les assemblées de la Nation française à Cadix : représentation, assiduité et implication du négoce dans les affaires du Consulat de France (1716-1728)
Authors: Gouic Olivier Le
Published: January 2014

Au début du xviiie siècle, Cadix s’impose à toute l’Europe comme le port unique du commerce avec l’Amérique espagnole, détenteur du monopole de la Carrera de Indias. Issues de toute l’Europe, des colonies de marchands s’installent dans la ville pour fournir au commerce d’Amérique toutes les productions des manufactures du vieux continent et en retirer les piastres et « matières d’argent » que rapportent les Flottes et les Galions. La colonie marchande française, qui compte 60 à 70 maisons, est alors, de loin, la plus puissante. Lorsqu’en 1716 le nouveau consul Pierre Nicolas Partyet s’installe dans la ville, il entend reprendre en main la nation française et renforcer le contrôle de la monarchie sur une communauté de négociants aussi ardents à défendre leurs privilèges qu’à contourner les règlements pour s’immiscer dans le commerce des Indes espagnoles. Pendant le consulat de Partyet, les assemblées de la nation, contrôlées par les plus puissants marchands de la colonie, sont le théâtre des vives tensions qui existent entre le représentant du roi et les députés élus par les négociants. Pour rétablir la discipline, Louis XV promulgue en mai 1728 une ordonnance qui règlemente le fonctionnement du consulat et définit pour le siècle à venir les droits et les devoirs des Français installés à Cadix.
Résonance d’une « perversion » : tanner la peau humaine en Vendée militaire (1793-1794)
Authors: Rolland-Boulestreau Anne
Published: January 2014

En 1903, un article publié dans une revue angevine, spécialisée dans l’édition des sources révolutionnaires, cite des archives d’octobre 1794, impliquant des notables d’une petite ville proche d’Angers, les Ponts-de-Cé. Ils y dénoncent un chirurgien du quatrième bataillon des Ardennes qui se serait livré à une expérience inouïe : tanner des peaux humaines, prélevées sur une trentaine de cadavres vendéens, fusillés après la Virée de galerne, en décembre 1793. Ces notables ont-ils affabulé et travesti la vérité neuf mois après les faits, pour mieux faire oublier leur propre rôle durant la guerre de Vendée ? L’auteur de l’article de 1903 ne veut-il pas incriminer le rôle de la République en Vendée ? Les historiens de la Contre-Révolution sont partagés devant ce fait macabre. Il s’agira, à partir des archives départementales de Maine-et-Loire et du Service Historique de la Défense, de montrer l’intérêt historiographique d’une telle affaire.
La gestion des risques économiques sur le littoral cantabrique au Moyen Âge : un ensemble d’activités ou une multiactivité ?
Authors: Solórzano Telechea Jesús Angel , Bolumburu Beatriz Arízaga
Published: January 2014

Le présent article se propose d’analyser les
différentes activités économiques des populations des villes
portuaires de la Cantabrie au Moyen Âge dans le but d’étudier la
manière dont elles assuraient leur subsistance et géraient les risques
inhérents. Nous analyserons leurs activités principales, en
particulier l’agriculture et l’exploitation des ressources offertes
par la mer. Alors que la majorité des habitants a pratiqué une double
activité tout au long du Moyen Âge seuls les groupes socio-économiques
urbains de niveau intermédiaire ont développé une véritable
pluriactivité.
La pêche à Terre-Neuve et le commerce international : deux activités complémentaires au XVIe siècle
Authors: Casado Alonso Hilario
Published: January 2014

L’article étudie la pêche à Terre-Neuve dans la
seconde moitié du xvie siècle à partir de
415 polices d’assurance enregistrées devant le Consulat de Burgos, un
des principaux centres d’assurance en Europe à cette époque. Ces
documents détaillent d’une part les caractéristiques desdits voyages :
prix, dangers encourus, participants, destination, routes, provenance
des bateaux et des marins, etc. Ils sont à replacer parmi les 10 397
polices d’assurance conservées qui permettent de reconstituer au total
4743 expéditions entre 1565 et 1619. On constate que les maîtres, les
propriétaires et les équipages des navires combinaient la pêche à
Terre-Neuve avec le commerce international qui formaient deux
activités complémentaires, sans qu’il y ait spécialisation entre les
différentes activités. Les flottes espagnoles, portugaises et
françaises développaient un pluriactivité, moyen de diversifier les
affaires et par voie de conséquence de répartir les risques.
La mutualisation des risques et ses effets sur le fonctionnement des gouvernements des villes côtières portugaises au Moyen Âge
Authors: Farelo Mário
Published: January 2014

Selon les sources historiques disponibles, la protection des risques assumés par les marins portugais au Moyen Âge a pris moins la forme de l’assurance que de la pré-assurance. Cette dernière s’est organisée notamment autour de deux institutions, à savoir les caisses communes des marchands (bolsas dos mercadores) et les diverses associations urbaines à but caritatif connues sous les désignations de confréries et d’hôpitaux de marchands et de pêcheurs.  Distinctes dans leurs organisations, leurs objectifs et leurs relations, l’une et l’autre ont constitué des rouages dans la visibilité des oligarchies urbaines et de leurs relations avec les autres pouvoirs établis dans la ville.
Tools for Talking
Authors: Huffman Karen
Published: January 2014

The simple act of conversing with colleagues and fellow members of communities of practice is a powerful vehicle for exchange of knowledge and for learning. Fostering opportunities for productive conversations is a strategy to consider seriously in enhancing knowledge transfer among individuals. Tools for enhancing the effectiveness of conversations—in person and virtually—are described in this chapter in the context of real life activities such as unconferences, mind mapping, and real-time collaboration and communication tools.
Temporary Endocavitary Pacemakers and their Use and Misuse: The Least is Better
Authors: Kossaify Antoine
Published: January 2014

Temporary pacemakers are classically indicated for severe bradydysrhythmia, especially when the clinical settings require prompt intervention. Implantation of a temporary pacemaker is not a benign procedure since it may be associated with serious adverse events such as infection, cardiac perforation, and lead dislodgment. Accordingly, we recommend, when the clinical condition allows, to proceed directly with permanent pacemaker implantation without prior use of a temporary pacemaker. However, if a temporary pacemaker is required, it should be maintained for the shortest time possible. This policy allows avoiding or decreasing the potential complications associated with temporary pacemaker implantation.
Interactions between Restorative Dentistry and Periodontics: Surgical Procedure (Part I)
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Pinto Shelon Cristina Souza , Borges Alvaro Henrique , Saad José Roberto Cury , Bandeca Matheus Coelho , Porto Thiago Soares , Barud Hélida Gomes de Oliveira
Published: January 2014

The best way to enhance gingival health and minimize trauma is to avoid contact of the gingivae with restorative materials. Subgingival finish lines are not periodontally advantageous. Crown lengthening is a periodontal resective procedure, aimed at removing periodontal tissue support to increase the clinical crown height. Periodontal health is of paramount importance to understand the concept of biologic width, indications, techniques and other principles as well as some possible limitations. This article aims to discuss these concepts and its relationship to periodontal health and restorative dentistry. The importance of restorative margin location and contours related to periodontal health are also addressed in order that the restorative dentist can use crown lengthening as part of an overall treatment plan in a controlled and predictable manner, taking into account biological factors.

How to cite this article

Souza Pinto SC, Tonetto MR, de Oliveira Barud HG, Porto TS, Saad JRC, Borges AH, Bandeca MC. Interactions between Restorative Dentistry and Periodontics: Surgical Procedure (Part I). World J Dent 2013;4(4):276-281.
Assessment of Odin-OSIRIS ozone measurements from 2001 to the present using MLS, GOMOS, and ozonesondes
Authors: Adams C. , Bourassa A. E. , Sofieva V. , Froidevaux L. , McLinden C. A. , Hubert D. , Lambert J.-C. , Sioris C. E. , Degenstein D. A.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. The Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS) was launched aboard the Odin satellite in 2001 and is continuing to take limb-scattered sunlight measurements of the atmosphere. This work aims to characterize and assess the stability of the OSIRIS 11 yr v5.0x ozone data set. Three validation data sets were used: the v2.2 Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) and v6 Global Ozone Monitoring by Occultation of Stars (GOMOS) satellite data records, and ozonesonde measurements. Global mean percent differences between coincident OSIRIS and validation measurements are within 5% at all altitudes above 18.5 km for MLS, above 21.5 km for GOMOS, and above 17.5 km for ozonesondes. Below 17.5 km, OSIRIS measurements agree with ozonesondes within 5% and are well-correlated (R > 0.75) with them. For low OSIRIS optics temperatures (< 16 °C), OSIRIS ozone measurements have a negative bias of 1–6% compared with the validation data sets for 25.5–40.5 km. Biases between OSIRIS ascending and descending node measurements were investigated and found to be related to aerosol retrievals below 27.5 km. Above 30 km, agreement between OSIRIS and the validation data sets was related to the OSIRIS retrieved albedo, which measures apparent upwelling, with a positive bias in OSIRIS data with large albedos. In order to assess the long-term stability of OSIRIS measurements, global average drifts relative to the validation data sets were calculated and were found to be < 3% per decade for comparisons with MLS for 19.5–36.5 km, GOMOS for 18.5–54.5 km, and ozonesondes for 12.5–22.5 km. Above 36.5 km, the relative drift for OSIRIS versus MLS ranged from ~ 0 to 6% per decade, depending on the data set used to convert MLS data to the OSIRIS altitude versus number density grid. Overall, this work demonstrates that the OSIRIS 11 yr ozone data set from 2001 to the present is suitable for trend studies.
Do successive climate extremes weaken the resistance of plant communities? An experimental study using plant assemblages
Authors: Dreesen F. E. , De Boeck H. J. , Janssens I. A. , Nijs I.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. The probability that plant communities undergo successive climate extremes increases under climate change. Exposure to an extreme event might elicit acclimatory responses and thereby greater resistance to a subsequent event, but might also reduce resistance if the recovery period is too short or resilience too low. Using experimental herbaceous plant assemblages, we compared the effects of two successive extremes occurring in one growing season (either two drought extremes, two heat extremes or two drought + heat extremes) to those of assemblages being exposed only to the second extreme. Additionally, the recovery period between the successive extremes was varied (2, 3.5 or 6 weeks). Among the different types of climate extremes, combined heat + drought extremes induced substantial leaf mortality and plant senescence, while the effects of drought and heat extremes were smaller. Preceding drought + heat extremes lowered the resistance in terms of leaf survival to a subsequent drought + heat extreme if the recovery period was two weeks, even though the leaves had completely recovered during that interval. No reduced resistance to subsequent extremes was recorded with longer recovery times or with drought or heat extremes. Despite the substantial mortality on the short term, the drought + heat and the heat extremes increased the end-of-season aboveground biomass independent of the number of extreme events or the duration of the recovery period. These results show that recurrent climate extremes with short time intervals can weaken the resistance of herbaceous plant assemblages. This negative effect in the short term can, however, be compensated in the longer term through rapid recovery and secondary positive effects.
Recent trends in daily temperature extremes over southern Montenegro (1951–2010)
Authors: Burić D. , Luković J. , Ducić V. , Dragojlović J. , Doderović M.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Montenegro so far has been poorly investigated in terms of climate extremes. The aim of this paper was to analyse the extreme ETCCDI (Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices) temperature indices in the Mediterranean region of Montenegro for the period of 1951–2010. Four stations in the coastal area of Montenegro have been analysed: Herceg Novi, Ulcinj, Budva and Bar. Two periods (before 1980 and after 1980) were separately investigated in this study due to a well-known climate shift that occurred in the late 1970s. Seven indices of temperature extremes have been chosen. The trend was analysed using a Mann–Kendall non-parametric test, while the slope was estimated using Sen's slope estimator. A negative trend has been calculated for cold nights and cold days at almost all stations. The most significant positive trends were obtained for warm conditions. The two separately investigated periods have shown contrasting temperature trends.
Conventional tillage vs. organic farming in relation to soil organic carbon stock in olive groves in Mediterranean rangelands (Southern Spain)
Authors: Parras-Alcántara L. , Lozano-García B.
Published: January 2014

Abstract. Soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration is a soil variable subject to changes. In agricultural soils, the management system is a key factor that influence to these changes. For determine the management system effects on SOC stocks (SOC-S) in olive groves, 114 soil profiles were studied in the Los Pedroches Valley (Mediterranean rangelands – southern Spain) for long-term (20 yr). The management practices were conventional tillage (CT) and organic farming (OF) in four soil types: Cambisols (CM), Regosols (RG), Luvisols (LV) and Leptosols (LP). Soil properties were statistically analyzed by management techniques, soil types and horizons. The principal components analyses identified four factors that explained 65% of the variance. Also, significant differences (p < 0.05) were found between soil types and management techniques. Equally was observed that the management system affected to SOC-S. In addition, the total SOC-S for 20 yr increased in OF with respect to CT by 72% and 66% in CM and LV respectively. The SOC showed significant differences for horizons (p < 0.05) in relation to the management types. The stratification ratio index of SOC was >2 in all studied soils. These results indicate high soils quality, and that management practices affect to SOC store in the Los Pedroches Valley.
Urinary retention
Authors: Hernandez David Hernández , Tesouro Ricardo Bernardez , Castro-Diaz David
Published: January 2014

Urinary retention, defined as the inability to void, is a common medical problem. If unidentified and/or untreated, it may become a serious condition that can lead to kidney damage or urosepsis, compromising the patient's life.

Acute urinary retention (AUR) is usually easy to identify and to treat as patients usually complain of hypogastric pain and anuria. Proper bladder drainage with urethral or suprapubic catheter is the first line of treatment, with posterior studies to determine the cause of retention.

Chronic urinary retention (CUR) is often much more difficult to identify. It is invariably linked to increased post-void residual urine (PVR), but its asymptomatic nature makes it often a hidden condition. There is a wide range of intrinsic and extrinsic, obstructive and non-obstructive causes affecting the lower urinary tract, which can lead to urinary retention. Due to the differences in urinary physiology and in order to simplify diagnosis and management, these are usually studied separately in men and in women. Management consists of a variety of options depending on the cause of retention, including conservative treatment, drug therapy and several forms of surgery.

In this review, we make an overview of the main causes of acute and chronic urinary retention in men and women, focusing on the main aspects of diagnosis and management.
Urinary Markers in the Everyday Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer
Authors: Dal Moro Fabrizio , Valotto Claudio , Guttilla Andrea , Zattoni Filiberto
Published: January 2014

Bladder cancer (BC) represents the fourth most common neoplasia in men and the ninth most common cancer in women, with a significant morbidity and mortality. Cystoscopy and voided urine cytology (involving the examination of cells in voided urine to detect the presence of cancerous cells) are currently the routine initial investigations in patients with hematuria or other symptoms suggestive of BC. Around 75-85% of the patients are diagnosed as having non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). Despite the treatment, these patients have a probability of recurrence at 5 years ranging from 50 to 70% and of progression to muscle invasive disease of 10-15%. Patients with NMIBC must undergo life-long surveillance, consisting of serial cystoscopies, possibly urine cytology and ultraso-nography. Cystoscopy is unsuitable for screening because of its invasiveness and costs; serial cystoscopies may cause discomfort and distress to patients. Furthermore, cystoscopy may be inconclusive, falsely positive or negative. Although urine cytology has a reasonable sensitivity for the detection of high-grade BC, it lacks sensitivity to detect low-grade tumors (sensitivity ranging from 4 to 31%). The overall sensitivity and specificity of urine cytology range from 7 to 100 and from 30 to 70%, respectively. There is a need for new urine biomarkers that may help in BC diagnosis and surveillance. A lot of urinary biomarkers with high sensitivity and/or specificity have been investigated. Although none of these markers have proven to be powerful enough to replace standard cystoscopy, some of them may represent accurate predictors of BC. A review of recent studies is presented.
Medicare Advantage Plan Star Ratings and County Social Vulnerability
Authors: Gupta Avni , Silver Diana , Meyers David J. , Glied Sherry , Pagán José A.
Published: July 2024

Importance

The star rating of a Medicare Advantage (MA) plan is meant to represent plan performance, and it determines the size of quality bonuses. Consumer access to MA plans with a high star rating may vary by the extent of social vulnerability in geographic regions.

Objective

To examine the association between a county’s Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) and the star rating of a county’s MA plans.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study used 2023 Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services data for all MA plans linked to 2020 county-level SVI data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Data were analyzed from March to October 2023.

Exposure

Quintile rank of county based on composite and theme-specific SVI scores, with quartile 1 (Q1) representing the least vulnerable counties and Q5, the most vulnerable counties. The SVI is a multidimensional measure of a county’s social vulnerability across 4 themes: socioeconomic status, household characteristics (such as disability, age, and language), racial and ethnic minority status, and housing type and transportation.

Main Outcomes and Measures

County-level mean star rating and the number of MA plans with low-rated (<3.5 stars), high-rated (3.5 or 4.0 stars), and highest-rated (≥4.5 stars) plans.

Results

Across 3075 counties, the median county-level star rating was 4.1 (IQR, 3.9-4.3) in Q1 counties and 3.8 (IQR, 3.6-4.0) in Q5 counties (P < .001). The mean star rating of MA plans was lower (difference, −0.24 points; 95% CI, −0.28 to −0.21 points; P < .001), the number of low-rated plans was higher (incidence rate ratio, 1.81; 95% CI, 1.61-2.06; P < .001), and the number of highest-rated plans was lower (incidence rate ratio, 0.75; 95% CI, 0.70-0.81; P < .001) in Q5 counties compared with Q1 counties. Similar patterns were found across theme-specific SVI score quintiles and for 2022 star ratings.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cross-sectional study, the most socially vulnerable counties were found to have the fewest highest-rated plans for MA beneficiaries. As MA enrollment grows in socially vulnerable regions, this may exacerbate regional differences in health outcomes for Medicare beneficiaries.
Investigation of Microstructure, Mechanical, and Tribological Behavior of Nano‐Y2O3, TiO2, ZrO2‐Dispersed W–Ni–Nb–Mo–Zr Alloys Fabricated by Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Khan Atiqur Rahman , Patra Anshuman , Chaira Debasis , Sahoo Santosh Kumar , Babu Diraviam Arvindha
Published: July 2024

W–Ni–Nb–Mo–Zr alloys with 1.0 weight% (wt%) Y2O3 (alloy A), TiO2 (alloy B), ZrO2 (alloy C) dispersion synthesized by mechanical alloying for 20 h have been subjected to spark plasma sintering at 1150 °C with 65 MPa pressure and 5 min holding time. X‐ray diffraction analysis reveals the occurrence of intermetallics (W2Zr, NiNb, Ni10Zr7, MoNi), which improves the strength of the alloys. Field‐emission scanning electron microscopy analysis shows that the grain size of alloy A is less compared to alloy B and C. Energy‐dispersive spectroscopy reveals the presence of oxides at the matrix interface. Maximum % relative sintered density, ultrahigh hardness, excellent compressive strength, % compressive strain at the maximum compressive load of 99.5%, 20.42 GPa of 2.55 GPa, 9.7%, respectively, have been recorded for alloy A. Maximum texture intensity of 1.5 is recorded for alloy A which supports the superior mechanical properties. The specific wear rate of alloy A is around 2.78 times less compared to alloy C. The crystal structure transformation of ZrO2 from monoclinic to tetragonal after sintering deteriorates the mechanical properties and wear resistance in alloy C. The article also reports the operative wear mechanism in the studied oxide dispersion‐strengthened alloy.