bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factual Quantification Methods of Energy Consumption for Transmission Nodes in Cellular Communication Systems: Experimental Case Study in Lome
Authors: Agbosse Kodjovi Semenyo , Dotche Koffi A , Salami Adekunlé Akim , Kodjo Koffi Mawugno , Ajavon Ayité Sénah Akoda
Published: June 2021

The energy efficiency for wireless communication technology standard is very important for the current and the future generation ones. Noting that the energy consumption in communication systems is constantly increasing due to the exponential number of subscribers and high data services demand. In this regard, it becomes necessary to quantify this energy consumption with respect to the communication technology standard at the site. This article presents an evaluation of the factual quantifications methods for the energy consumption of transmission nodes in cellular communications systems. The data collection was obtained on three types of communication technology standards namely second generation (2G), 3G, 4G and their combination using the direct and indirect (the utility records) methods power measurement on the field installation of a mobile telephone operator in Togo. These data have undergone a preprocessing in the Microsoft Excel software (version 2019), then sent in the Matlab software (Matlab R2020b) for further analysis. The results showed that the energy consumption observed at the site is around 124 kWh, 254, kWh and 362 kWh on monthly average respectively for 2G, 2G/3G, and 2G/3G/4G typology used. It further indicated that when more communication standards are used on a given site, its power consumption is much more increasing. The power profile distribution has been investigated, and the analysis revealed that the normal distribution closely fitted the data. However, more parameters related to the number of utilised channels and climatic conditions need to be considered in future research works.
Static and Dynamic Evaluation of Wind Potential in the Kara Region of Togo Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Fousseni Arafat , KODJO Mawugno Koffi , ADANLETE ADJANOH Assiongbon
Published: June 2021

Togo's energy situation is characterized by a low rate of access to electricity (38.07 % in 2017). In the Kara region, there is certainly a wind potential whose study is necessary for the production of electricity. Thus, from the data recorded each day at intervals of one hour, we used Weibull distribution to evaluate the wind energy potential at 10m and then at 25m, 50m, 75m and 100m. However, the promotion of this source requires not only the knowledge of its potential but also the evolution of its quantity over time because in reality wind energy is confronted with the random nature of the wind. Thus, for the prediction of the wind potential in the region of Kara, we used artificial neural networks. The neural architecture used is a multilayer perceptron with a single neuron under the hidden layer whose activation function is a sigmoid function while the output layer uses a linear function. The prediction results obtained with an average squared error of 0.005 and a correlation of 0.96 show that the prediction results using this tool are acceptable and can be generalized under the same conditions on other sites. The evaluation of the wind potential in the region of Kara has enabled us to determine the amount of total energy available in the wind at different altitudes. Through the average values of wind speeds determined, we could make an optimal choice of wind turbine to convert this kinetic energy of the wind into electrical energy.
Advances in Conversion Efficiency and Thermal Stability of the Perovskite-Based Solar Cell: Review
Authors: Kata N'Detigma , Samah Hodo-Abalo , Kpode Kodjo , Maiga Amadou Seidou
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a small review on the technological advances made on the perovskite-based solar cell. Through this summary of the results of the research on perovskite, the reader will have an overview of the perovskite material, the different structures of a perovskite solar cell, and the opto-electrical properties of such cell as well as the electrical models used in its simulation. Finally, the paper presents in a very brief way the challenges that this technology will have to overcome before finding its place in the photovoltaic market.
Sustainably Produced Hydrogen
Authors: Gribova Maria , Giese Lutz
Published: June 2021

The fossil fuels used to provide energy, such as coal, crude oil and natural gas, are largely responsible for carbon dioxide emissions and other so-called greenhouse gases. Hydrogen gas (H2) can make a key contribution to decarbonization. It can be produced using various processes. Several processes are available to produce hydrogen, such as (i) steam reforming, (ii) cracking process or (iii) electrolysis. Depending on the source of origin, there is a distinction made between different “colours”. Gray, blue, turquoise, yellow and green hydrogen is avail­able, the latter made using Renewable Energies. However, items such as (i) possible variants of hydrogen, (ii) leading export countries or (iii) provision paths to be preferred in the future will be discussed in this paper.
Israel — The Human Capital Perspective
Authors: Chernichovsky Dov
Published: June 2021

Human capital (HC) is about people — as individuals and as communities — and their welfare-enhancing qualities. For the individual, their human capital is not only an element of well-being, like good health and self-esteem, but also a means to facilitate their welfare, at least in the long term, through longevity as well as market and non-market productivity. For the community — group, organization, or nation — the benefits of HC to individuals can further be enhanced through social interdependencies, positive externalities, and optimal allocation of HC in the group, thus making HC a public good. Investment of a share of the benefits of HC in its formation makes for social and economic long-term sustainability of the community. The term “human capital” semantically combines the words “human” and “capital.” From an economic point of view, “capital” refers to the physical factors of production, including land, used along with labor-enhanced HC to create goods or services. These factors are not themselves significantly consumed or depreciated in the short-term production process (Boldizzoni, 2008). That is, skilled humans oversee production (and consumption) processes that yield social and economic value for them. From this perspective, human capital essentially refers to people’s ability — as individuals and as a collective — to identify and use the (physical) resources available to them for their current and future, even intergenerational, well-being. Both the formation and the use of HC are strongly associated with the demography of the community, mainly with regard to population growth and age distribution, because these determine the community’s potential and ability to form and optimally use its HC, subject to the constraint of market failures and imperfections. The objective of this paper is to indicate (1) challenges relating to the formation and deployment of HC in Israel, and (2) potential ways to meet these challenges. The first, theoretical part introduces concepts, models, approaches, and metrics. It starts with pertinent aspects of demography that relate to a nation’s optimal use of its individuals’ human capital and continues with a discussion of critical dimensions of human capital — knowledge and skill, location of economic activity, and health.
Visualization and Quantitative Assessment to Verify Precipitation Forecasts Associated with Mid-Latitude Cyclones across the Eastern United States
Authors: Williams J. , Hung M.C , Wu Y.H.
Published: June 2021

Analysis was conducted to verify forecast against observation precipitation associated with mid-latitude cyclones over the Eastern US in winter and spring 2013 using Geographic Information Systems (GIS). The forecast data are day two 24-hour Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (QPF) produced by the Global Forecast System (GFS) model. The analysis methods produced categorical geographic error maps of hits, misses and false alarms in spatial relation to the mid-latitude cyclones and traditional verification scores for each day. A hypothesis test was also performed to determine if the GFS mean forecast precipitation over the study area is significantly different from the mean observed precipitation during mid-latitude cyclones. The spatial verification maps, as an analytical and visualization tool, provided evidences on geographical relationship between correct predictions (hits and correct negatives) and incorrect predictions (misses and false alarms). Working together with quantitative scores and hypothesis test, spatial verification maps reveal that the GFS model has a tendency to over forecast precipitation coverage associated with mid-latitude cyclones over the Eastern US and often moves the mid-latitude cyclones too fast.
Applied Ethics in Islamic Governance: Engaging Culture and Morality
Authors: Mohamad Azmi
Published: June 2021

Modern human progress is a threat to future human progress – no other paradox in the 21st century can be more striking than this. Despite advances in science, technology, and knowledge, the world continues to be weighed down by a collision of crises in relation to economy, politics, social justice, environment, health, and morality. This paper suggests that laws, policies, and technologies (whether on their own or together) are not potent enough to define sustainable progress in the 21st century. Religious ethics is the missing piece in the puzzle; human creativity needs to be channelled, rather than bound, by ethical principles towards achieving moderation and wellbeing. In relation to Islamic Governance, the guiding light of ethics is inextricably woven into its operational framework. Much like the necessity of water for the human body, ethics is needed to “nourish” Islamic Governance from within to prevent the system from dysfunction and collapsing. As ethics needs to be grounded in action and defined for the present and the future, the dual tasks of “acting” and “defining” must be shared by both the government and the general citizens alike. It is the duty of the present to ensure a sustainable world for the future.
‘Darkness to Light’ in Islamic Corporate Governance
Authors: Tarip Iznan
Published: June 2021

There are emerging works on the dark side of organisation, looking at the dark out-side (e.g. political instability, multi-national corrupt syndicates), and in-side (e.g. workplace violence, nepotism). The ‘darkness’ not only involves generalised corrupting mechanisms, but also specific issues that are purposefully ‘brushed under the carpet’ by the organisation. This paper contributes to the evolving field by introducing the theme ‘darkness to light’ from an Islamic perspective. It is situated within the discourse of Islamic corporate governance, looking not only at the shadows lurking within an Islamic system of corporate governance, but also its ‘light’ side that tries to illuminate every nook and cranny of the virtuous organisation. Furthermore, the dynamic interplays between organisational darkness and light are scrutinised, forming these ‘grey’ areas in which organisational members struggles to navigate. The paper also presents an illustrated case study to help explore these interplays. The case shows that some organisational elements are situated exclusively on the light and dark sides, but many in these grey areas. Strategies and mechanisms are then proposed to systematically shine more light into these dark sides and grey areas, in order for the organisation to gain benefits from them.
Penerapan Metode Diskusi Berbasis E-Learning dengan Penggunaan Aplikasi Edmodo, Zoom Cloud Meeting dan Quizizz untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Mahasiswa Materi Sistem Pencernaan pada Program Studi Keperawatan UIN Alauddin Makassar
Authors: Khotimah Nurul Khusnul , Ashar Maria Ulfa , Nurhidayah Nurhidayah
Published: June 2021

Metode diskusi merupakan upaya membahas suatu topik atau materi perkuliahan dengan cara bertukar pendapat dan informasi yang dilakukan oleh dua orang atau lebih. Dalam konteks penelitian ini, metode pembelajaran berbasis e-learning menggunakan aplikasi Edmodo, Zoom Cloud Meeting dan Quizizz.. Penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) merupakan kegiatan penelitian yang dilakukan terhadap sejumlah mata pelajaran yang menjadi sasaran yaitu siswa, bertujuan untuk memperbaiki situasi pembelajaran di kelas agar kualitas pembelajaran meningkat. Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ini dilaksanakan untuk meningkatkan aktivitas belajar dan hasil belajar dengan penerapan Metode Diskusi Berbasis E-learning menggunakan aplikasi Edmodo, materi Zoom Cloud Meeting dan Quizizz digestion system pada Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan UIN Alauddin Makassar Semester 4 Akademik. Tahun 2020/2021. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang diimplementasikan sebagai strategi pemecahan masalah. Dalam penelitian tindakan ini dibagi menjadi 3 tahapan yaitu perencanaan (planning), tindakan (action) dan observasi (observasi). Ketuntasan hasil belajar pada pra siklus 36 siswa atau (57,14%) pada siklus I mencapai 48 siswa atau (76,19%) mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 12 siswa atau (19,05%), dan tingkat ketuntasan belajar siswa menurun. sebanyak 12 siswa (19,05%) dari jumlah siswa yang berjumlah 63 siswa. Pada siklus II tingkat ketuntasan mencapai 63 siswa atau (100%) terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar siswa sebanyak 15 siswa atau (20,58%) dan tingkat ketuntasan siswa menurun sebanyak 7 siswa atau (23,81%). Penerapan metode diskusi berbasis E-learning dengan menggunakan aplikasi Zoom Cloud Meeting, Edmodo dan Quizizz dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar mahasiswa pada materi sistem pencernaan di Program Studi Ilmu Keperawatan UIN Alauddin Makassar Semester 4 Tahun Ajaran 2020/2021.
La banca especializada y universal
Authors: Castillo Salazar Edmundo
Published: June 2021

El diseño legal que se haga del sistema bancario, sea como banca especializada o como banca múltiple (también denominada banca comercial o banca de inversión), incide en el riesgo sistémico a que podría quedar expuesto el sistema bancario en cada país. La experiencia del mercadoestadounidense sirve de ilustración, toda vez que, de un previo sistema de banca múltiple, tras el colapso financiero de 1929, se evolucionó a un sistema de banca especializada y, de ésta, hacia el sistema actual de banca múltiple, siendo ésta una de las causas de la crisis financiera de 2007-2008, que aún manifiesta sus efectos. Este ensayo no pretende demonizar a la banca múltiple, señalándola como foco de inestabilidad financiera y riesgo sistémico. Por el contrario, lo que se propone es que, cualquierasea el sistema legislativo que se adopte, se prevean las consecuencias que podrían derivarse de cada uno y se instituyan los recaudos correspondientes.
(Pré) Conceitos no ensino crítico de inglês para crianças: um estudo sobre o desenvolvimento conceitual
Authors: Cardoso Pereira Déborah Caroline
Published: June 2021

Abordagens críticas no ensino aprendizagem de línguas e na formação docente, bem como o ensino de língua inglesa para crianças (LIC) têm sido foco de estudos mundialmente. Com o intuito de unir essas duas áreas e promover um ensino crítico de LIC, foi desenvolvido um projeto de formação inicial de professores/as que atuavam na rede municipal de ensino em Apucarana (PR). O objetivo desta pesquisa é investigar o processo de desenvolvimento do conceito de ensino crítico de LIC no mencionado contexto. Para isso, discorro no capítulo teórico-metodológico acerca do desenvolvimento conceitual (VYGOTSKY, 2007; 2008) e da teoria da argumentação (LIBERALI, 2013) utilizados na análise linguística. Os dados analisados são provenientes dos encontros do projeto supracitado e explicitados na seção metodológica. Nas considerações finais retomo o processo de desenvolvimento conceitual e concluo que, neste contexto, se desenvolveu um pseudoconceito de ensino crítico de LIC, cujo sentido está relacionado a uma ferramenta para problematizar e evitar a propagação de (pré) conceitos. Como contribuição, é notável a relevância de um grupo multicultural de professores/as para uma formação conceitual significativa, assim como o equilíbrio entre fontes conceituais espontâneas e científicas.
Ser livro, ser híbrido, ser literatura: Uma análise da categorização de obras literárias juvenis assinadas por influenciadores digitais (2008 - 2016)
Authors: Da Silva Gramiani Celeste Jennifer , De Souza Sérgio Ferreira Rogério
Published: June 2021

Os lançamentos literários impressos da autoria de influenciadores digitais adolescentes, entre blogueiros e youtubers, seguramente contribuiu ao aquecimento do nicho de consumo dedicado ao público jovem, em grande parcela órfão de publicações cativas às temáticas presentes em seus cotidianos, assinadas por pares – ídolos da Web. Um levantamento de obras impressas produzidas por administradores de blogs e canais do YouTube, entre janeiro de 2008 e dezembro de 2016, trouxera-nos à tona relevantes achados no que concerne à divergência entre dados catalográficos e os gêneros de fato contemplados nos livros analisados. Essa ocorrência nos conduz a refletir a respeito das dificuldades de classificação dos conteúdos abordados pelos jovens autores no mundo do papel, processo esse mediado pelo mercado editorial. Logo, pretendemos apresentar considerações gerais sobre tal problemática, lançando luzes e perspectivas à produção literária brasileira contemporânea cujo público-alvo é constituído por sujeitos ainda em processo de formação enquanto leitores, amantes dos seres e estares dessa Literatura. Utilizamos como base o supracitado mapeamento, ademais, aportes teóricos pertinentes ao campo temático, convictos de que as manifestações ciberespaciais têm transfigurado a arte literária, agora, mais do que nunca, plural e conectada às próprias possibilidades. Palavras-chave: Literatura Juvenil; Mercado Editorial; Internet; Blogueiros; Youtubers.
Estado do conhecimento sobre formação de professores de inglês para crianças: O que revelam os estudos publicados nos últimos dez anos?
Authors: Lima Ana Paula , Jotto Kawachi-Furlan Cláudia
Published: June 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir os dados de um estado do conhecimento acerca da formação de professores de língua inglesa para crianças (LIC). O estudo foi desenvolvido por meio da consulta ao tema em 66 revistas brasileiras on-line, no estrato A do Qualis Periódicos (2013-2016), no período de 2010 a 2020. Foram encontrados apenas três estudos, cujos focos envolvem formação inicial, formação continuada e formação crítica de professores de LIC. As autoras desses trabalhos enfatizam a necessidade de formação específica nos cursos de Letras e também salientam a importância da formação continuada, que é compreendida como integrante do processo de desenvolvimento profissional e privilegia momentos de reflexão e partilha de experiência. As pesquisadoras defendem, ainda, a formação crítica e reflexiva dos docentes, para que possam fazer escolhas conscientes para os contextos nos quais atuam. Considerando que as discussões apresentadas nesses trabalhos publicados há dez anos são ainda atuais, ressaltamos a urgência de regulamentação da oferta do ensino de línguas estrangeiras na Educação Infantil e anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental e a relevância de estudos na área de formação de professores de LIC, a fim de contribuir com a formação crítica e planejada desses profissionais.
Considerações acerca das rodas de leitura usadas como atividades de ensino
Authors: Santos Diogo Fernando dos
Published: June 2021

Este artigo é parte de uma dissertação de mestrado que discutiu as rodas de leitura realizadas com alunos do 5º ano do Ensino Fundamental I de uma escola pública do interior paulista. O objetivo é discutir contribuições sobre momentos literários organizados pelo professor nas aulas. O trabalho baseou-se nas contribuições de Solé (1998), Lerner (2002) e Vigotsky (2009, 2010a, 2010b, 2014). O corpus apresenta abordagem qualitativa com recortes de protocolos de sala de aula. Os resultados mostraram que as reações dos alunos motivaram aprofundar as leituras com o intuito de que pudessem se manifestar, evidenciando opiniões e entendimento sobre o lido.
O engenho do indelimitável: História e Teoria(s) dos Gêneros Literários fantástico e neofantástico
Authors: Berchez Amanda
Published: June 2021

Neste artigo, o leitor se deparará, in nuce, com um trabalho de revisão, de natureza bibliográfica, da história e da(s) teoria(s) das literaturas fantástica e neofantástica, o que, no que diz respeito, principalmente, ao prisma teórico, é feito a partir da mobilização de certos operadores conceituais, ao exemplo do sobrenatural e sua contraposição ao natural, que se manifestam em notórias reflexões de especialistas das mais variadas áreas, tais como a literário-artística de Nodier e Maupassant, a psicológica de Freud, a filosófica de Sartre, a literário-história de Vax e Schneider, assim como a literário-teórica de Todorov, Noël, Bessière etc. Nosso principal propósito é recuperar o que, nesta linha epistemológica do fantástico ao neofantástico, for distintivo em se tratando das perspectivas dentre os mais conceituados pensadores que já se debruçaram sobre essas mesmas matérias, trazendo, por exemplo, tanto questões, expoentes, títulos etc. nomeadamente a eles pertinentes quanto, respaldando-nos em argumentos técnico-metodológicos, também leis, máximas, preceitos, princípios etc. que, segundo cada uma dessas perspectivas, os determinam enquanto gêneros literários.
A experiência de docentes em formação inicial com o ensino remoto: Refletindo sobre desafios em busca de soluções prováveis
Authors: Clemente Marina Cavalcanti Tavares , Cruz Glenda Demes da
Published: June 2021

O ano de 2020 trouxe consigo uma transformação na realidade mundial. A chegada de uma pandemia modificou a maneira de viver de todas as pessoas. Na área da educação, a maioria dos profissionais, sem uma preparação ou formação prévia, precisou se reinventar, fazendo uso das mais diversas tecnologias para seguir trabalhando. O cenário pandêmico na educação evidenciou lacunas na formação tecnológica de grande parte dos professores, o que nos motivou a refletir sobre a situação daqueles que se encontram neste momento em formação inicial docente. Com o propósito de conhecer as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos professores em formação inicial com o ensino remoto e propor sugestões ancoradas na literatura existente para mitigar/superar alguns dos desafios apresentados, contamos com um corpus composto por 20 relatos de experiência com o ensino remoto emergencial, escritos por alunos das disciplinas de Estágio Supervisionado em Língua Inglesa da Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE). A presente pesquisa busca, por meio da análise dos relatos destes sujeitos, investigar como os alunos estagiários têm vivenciado o ensino remoto, quais desafios têm sido enfrentados, bem como propor sugestões, a partir de publicações existentes, de práticas que podem auxiliar a superar/mitigar tais desafios.
The Impact of Corporate Performance on Mental Accounting and Loss Aversion in Financial Decisions
Authors: Mohammad Mona Hassabelrasoul , Mohamed Dalal Mohamed Ebrahim , Elsharkawi Elsaid Abd Elazim Tolba
Published: June 2021

This study investigates the effect of the organization performance on two psychological biases, mental accounting and aversion to loss, on financial decisions to both investors and managers. To achieve this, two experiments are conducted. The first experiment consists of 40 graduate students as investors, while the second one consists of 40 accountants in a real estate company as managers. The results of the study indicate that the performance of companies impacts both mental accounting and aversion to loss of investors, whereas the performance of companies affects the mental accounting of managers in making their financial decisions but does not affect the aversion to loss.
Identification of TB space-time clusters and hotspots in Ouest département, Haiti, 2011–2016
Authors: Dismer A. M. , Charles M. , Dear N. , Louis-Jean J. M. , Barthelemy N. , Richard M. , Morose W. , Fitter D. L.
Published: June 2021

BACKGROUND: Haiti has the highest incidence rate of TB in the Western Hemisphere, with an estimated 170 cases per 100,000 in 2019. Since 2010, control efforts have focused on targeted case-finding activities in urban areas, implementation of rapid molecular diagnostics at high-volume
TB centers, and improved reporting. TB analyses are rarely focused on lower geographic units; thus, the major goal was to determine if there were focal areas of TB transmission from 2011 to 2016 at operational geographic levels useful for the National TB Control Program (PNLT).METHODS:
We created a geocoder to locate TB cases at the smallest geographic level. Kulldorff’s space-time permutation scan, Anselin Moran’s I, and Getis-Ord Gi* statistics were used to determine the spatial distribution and clusters of TB.RESULTS: With 91% of cases linked
using the geocoder, TB clusters were identified each year. Getis-Ord Gi* analysis revealed 14 distinct spatial clusters of high incidences in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area. One hundred retrospective space-time clusters were detected.CONCLUSION: Our study confirms the presence
of TB hotspots in the Ouest département, with most clusters in the Port-au-Prince metropolitan area. Results will help the PNLT and its partners better design case-finding strategies for these areas.
Urlop wypoczynkowy jako element równowagi potrzeb pracodawcy i pracownika
Authors: Stwora Sławomir
Published: June 2021

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie regulacji, za pomocą których pracodawca może stymulować wybór terminu wykorzystania urlopu wypoczynkowego przez pracowników, a w szczególnych
sytuacjach może wręcz go narzucać. Autor zaproponuje zmiany przepisów dotyczących sposobu wykorzystania urlopu.
W opracowaniu zostaną podjęte również próby wskazania punktu równowagi pomiędzy potrzebami pracownika i pracodawcy w odniesieniu do przepisów dotyczących urlopu wypoczynkowego
zawartych w Kodeksie pracy, a także rozstrzygnięcia, czy na gruncie obowiązujących przepisów prawa pracy udało się tę równowagę osiągnąć. W tym celu autor udzieli odpowiedzi na pytania, czy obecne regulacje w wystarczającym stopniu umożliwiają pracodawcy wpływanie na wykorzystywanie urlopu wypoczynkowego przez pracowników oraz czy i w jakim stopniu pracodawca może ingerować w sposób wykorzystania tego urlopu przez pracownika.
Experiment mit Zukunft? Eine Fallstudie zum Podcastangebot deutscher Zeitungs- und Zeitschriftenverlage
Authors: Wild Michael , Katzenberger Vera
Published: June 2021

Podcasts befinden sich in einem unveränderten Aufwärtstrend: Die Nutzungszahlen und auch das Angebot wachsen seit einigen Jahren rasant. Immer mehr Rundfunksender, Streamingdienste, Prominente oder Privatpersonen produzieren und publizieren mittlerweile eigene Podcasts. Auch Zeitungs- und Zeitschriftenverlage erweiterten ihr Portfolio zuletzt immer häufiger um eigene Audioangebote. Vor diesem Hintergrund befasst sich der folgende Beitrag im Rahmen einer explorativen, quantitativ-qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse mit den Podcasts ausgewählter Zeitungs- und Zeitschriftenverlage. Die Analyse zeigt, dass sich viele der Verlage mit ihren Formaten noch in einer Ausprobier- und Experimentierphase befinden.
The unresolved constitutional dilemma: Persisting Imbalance of power exposed by the Constitutional Coup 2018
Authors: Perera Binendri
Published: June 2021

On 26th October 2018, Sri Lankan President surprised the nation with his abrupt removal of the Prime Minister in office and the appointment of another Prime Minister on ambivalent constitutional grounds. Through his actions, President Sirisena was attempting to bring to the power the former strongman Rajapaksa from his own party to entrench himself as well as their party, while undercutting Wickremasinghe and his party. Constitutional Coup 2018 was executed meticulously to ensure that the President and his old enemy, now his new-found ally could capture governmental power. The result was that Sri Lanka had two Prime Ministers claiming to be appointed to office. The paper discusses the dramatic and complicated actions and reactions that occurred during the Constitutional Coup 2018. This paper analyzes how the Constitutional Coup exposed the persisting imbalance of power as a weakness of the Sri Lankan Constitution of 1978 that undermines constitutionalism and how this weakness persisted despite the 2015 constitutional reforms. Even though the constitutional coup 2018 was resolved affirming the supremacy of the constitution the paper analyzes how the weakness exposed during then paved the way towards the deterioration ofthe system of checks and balances.
Human Rights of Irregular Migrants in the European Union
Authors: Morticelli Annalisa
Published: June 2021

The book addresses the difficult issue of irregular migration in the European Union, through a juridical reconstruction of the phenomenon starting from its origins. The interesting aspect is the understanding part between Italy and Germany, to understand the phenomenon in two different member countries, in order to grasp the main critical issues and identify virtuous behaviors in order to create a system that is as homogenous as possible at the level of the European Union. The researches were carried out in Italy and in Germany above all, through the analysis of legislative documents and the doctrine on the subject.
Die Rechtsstellung der Mitglieder des EZB-Rates
Authors: Iwen Lili-Marie
Published: June 2021

This work traces the contours of the legal status of the members of the Governing Council of the ECB using the example of the President of the Bundesbank. The study focuses on the prerequisites and the structure of the office of the President of the Bundesbank at the national and European Union level. In addition, the legal provisions governing the appointment, dismissal, and structure of the office are analyzed, detached from the substantive activities. In addition to these technical legal issues, the impact of the independence requirement on the legal status is also focused on. As a result, the unique legal status of the President of the Bundesbank is confirmed by the fact that it is anchored in two legal systems.
Klimagerechtigkeit und Klimaschutzpolitik
Authors: Ritthaler-Andree Ronja
Published: June 2021

What are the implications of different perceptions of justice for the emission reduction policies of the three major polluting countries, the United States, China and India? And how do they shape the development of the international climate regime? Based on an independently developed analytical framework, this theory-driven comparative study is one of the first to examine international and national negotiating positions according to different dimensions of climate justice. The study reveals that the polluting countries’ positions on climate justice began to converge in 2015, before diverging again in 2018.
Substance and Style
Authors: Gerstetter Christiane
Published: June 2021

This book analyses two dimensions of judicial decision-making at the World Trade Organisation (WTO): the substantive outcome produced and the judicial style embraced, in cases concerning national measures taken for non-trade objectives. Drawing on legal theory, empirical studies of judicial decision-making and an analysis of all the major non-trade cases of the WTO, the book concludes that the dispute settlement decisions can be understood in light of the fact that the WTO dispute settlement bodies, like other courts, need to legitimise their decisions. Both the substance and style of WTO judicial decision-making contribute in this regard. On the substantive side, there is a relatively mixed outcome of cases, in terms of the interpretations chosen. The WTO Appellate Body’s interpretations neither consistently favour trade interests nor do they systematically enhance the regulatory space of WTO Members. The dispute settlement bodies also have a distinct judicial style that relies on discursive (rather than institutional) sources of authority and is predominantly formalist.
MINIMA AND MAXIMA TIMINGS OF SEVERAL VARIABLE STARS
Authors: A. Liakos
Published: June 2021

We present 228 times of minima of 33 eclipsing binaries and nine maxima timings of two pulsating stars. The majority of the objects are newly discovered variables and they were observed as by product. The observations were employed five different telescop
Developing endurance among children in preschool period
Authors: Gregorc Jera , Meško Maja , Videmšek Mateja
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Prior research generally confirms the importance of endurance exercises in preschool period and suggests shorter and less intensive exercises. However, little research has been conducted to show and evaluate different types for developing endurance in preschool period. Our research aims to find out which type of exercise is more suitable for developing endurance for a preschool age child compared to an adult, taking into account developmental characteristics.

Material and methods: A total of 69 preschool children (40 children aged 3 years and 29 children aged 5 years) were included in the study. We measured their heart rates during two types of endurance exercises (uninterrupted walking vs “method of game”). We compared the average heart rate and the actual frequency curves.

Results: Endurance exercise according to the “method of game” allows the child to adjust the effort more individually compared to uninterrupted walking when both exercises are performed with a group of pre-school children. A comparison of heart rate curves showed that when children partook in the “ method of game”, they achieved different heart rate values at the same time. A further analysis of heart rate with 5 selected “time stamps” between the two exercises showed that children achieved statistically significant higher heart rates when performing the “method of game” (1’: Z = 2.20; p = 0.028, r = 0.19; 3 ‘: Z = 4.64; p = 0.00, r = 0.39; 5’: Z = 3.23; p = 0.001, r = 0.27; 8’: Z = 3.82 p = 0.00, r = 0.32; 13 ‘: Z = 3.33; p = 0.001, r = 0.28). The comparison of the mean heart rate values over the entire 13-minute time interval between the execution of the “method of game” (M = 143, SD = 14) and uninterrupted walking (M = 132, SD = 9) was statistically significantly higher in favour of the “method of game” (Wilcox test: Z = 5.83, p = 0.00, r = 0.24). The Mann-Whitney-Test showed that 3-year-old children achieved statistically significantly higher average heart rate during the “method of game” (Z = -2.34 p = 0.020, η² = 0.08) as well as during uninterrupted walking (Z = 3.17 p = 0.002, η² = 0.15). No statistically significant differences between boys and girls were confirmed.

Conclusions: Based on the results obtained, we believe that endurance exercise according to the “method of game” is more suitable for a developing preschool child than uninterrupted walking. The “method of game” also allows the simultaneous implementation of endurance exercise in heterogeneous groups, since the children adapt to the effort themselves, regardless of age. We believe that other types of endurance exercises should be researched and all age groups of preschool children should be included in the research.
The thermal character of a 1 m methanol pool fire
Authors: Sung Kunhyuk , Chen Jian , Bundy Matthew , Fernandez Marco , Hamins Anthony
Published: June 2021

A series of measurements was conducted to characterize the structure of a 1 m diameter methanol pool fire steadily burning with a constant lip height in a well-ventilated quiescent environment. Time-averaged local measurements of gas-phase temperature were conducted using 50 ?m diameter, Type S, bare wire, thermocouples with a bead that was approximately spherical with a diameter of about 150 ?m. The thermocouple bead temperature was corrected for radiative loss and thermal inertia effects. The contribution of the radiative loss correction and thermal inertia correction terms to uncertainty of the gas velocity was analyzed. A simulation of the 1 m methanol pool fire was conducted using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) to obtain the gas velocity distribution above the burner which helped correct the thermocouple temperature measurement to obtain the gas temperature. The gas temperature distribution profile above the burner centerline was compared to previous studies of a 30 cm methanol fire. The maximum mean gas temperature was 1371 K, which occurred 30 cm above the burner on the centerline. Careful analysis determined that the average combined uncertainty of the mean and the standard deviation of the measured gas temperature was 5 % and 26 %, respectively. The actual heat release rate was measured using oxygen consumption calorimetry and compared favorably with the ideal heat release rate calculated from the measured mass burning rate. The heat flux distribution about the pool fire was measured using fourteen wide-angle view, water-cooled, Gardon-type, total heat flux gauges. The radiative emission from the fire was estimated by considering the radiative heat flux through a virtual cylinder about the fire and by a single point estimate. The radiative emission measurements coupled with the mass loss measurement allowed determination of the radiative fraction, which was equal to 0.22 16 % and 0.20 34 % for the multi-location and single-location measurements, respectively. Flame characteristics, such as, the mean flame height, pulsation frequency and the flame instability near the fuel surface, were analyzed using the 30 Hz video record of the fire. The mean flame height was measured as 1.10 m 0.22 m above the burner rim and the puffing frequency was about 1.37 Hz, which was consistent with a Fourier analysis of the transient thermocouple measurements (=1.39 Hz 0.013 Hz). The pool surface temperature was measured to be nearly the fuel boiling point.
Transportlīdzekļu ar kombinētu vilces elektropiedziņu virtuāli fizikālie izmēģinājumi
Authors:   , Dvorņikovs Iļja
Published: June 2021

Promocijas darbs veltīts vilces elektroaprīkojuma virtuāli fizisko izmēģinājumu metodoloģijas izstrādei, ievērojot spēka iekārtu individuālos konstrukcijas parametrus. Izvērtējot promocijas darba tematikas aktualitāti, detalizēti izpētīta vilces elektroaprīkojuma testēšanas metožu normatīvā bāze. Promocijas darbā dots elektroiekārtu darbības matemātiskās modelēšanas apraksts, kā arī aprakstīta elektroaprīkojuma parametru identifikācija. Izstrādātā metodika ļauj noteikt vilces spēka iekārtu funkcionālo atbilstību kritiskiem apstākļiem, kas būtu iespējami gaitas izmēģinājumos un ekspluatācijā, jau elektroaprīkojuma projektēšanas un rūpnīcas izmēģinājumu stadijā. Darbā veikti teorētiskie aprēķini, datormodelēšanas uzdevumi un praktiskie eksperimenti.
PUBLIC DEBT AND ECONOMIC GROWTH – THE CASE OF THE REPUBLIC OF NORTH MACEDONIA
Authors: Kozheski Kristijan , Trpeski Predrag , Cvetanoska Marijana , Merdžan Gunter
Published: June 2021

Establishing and maintaining macroeconomic stability and fiscal discipline on the one hand, and stimulating economic activity, by enhancing the quality of public finances, increasing capital expenditures, and enhancing competitiveness in the Macedonian economy, on the other hand, are two opposing objectives that should be pursued by policymakers. Government borrowing, especially foreign borrowing, is an important source of fixed assets to cover public expenditure. However, the sustainability of public debt depends not only on the level of public debt, but also on the structure and successful implementation of policies to boost economic growth. Borrowing for a country with low economic potential and a constant shortage of capital is inevitable, especially external borrowing. However, the structure, purpose of the assets and their multiplier effect on the overall economy are the main criteria for assessing the impact of public debt on the economy. This paper attempts to apply the econometric VAR analysis to examine the correlation and causal relationship between public debt and economic growth rate of the case of the Republic of North Macedonia for the period 2002 - 2017. The variables to be analyzed are: GDP growth per capita, Public debt as a proportion of GDP, Gross Domestic Investment, Interest Rate and Government Spending. For the purpose of this analysis, a Granger causality test has been conducted. The test results indicate that the impact of public debt growth in North Macedonia does not have a significant impact on GDP growth per capita. The other test that is being conducted is a Vector Error Correction Model which shows that public debt is negatively correlated with short run and long run economic growth.
Genetic architecture of 11 organ traits derived from abdominal MRI using deep learning
Authors: Liu Yi , Basty Nicolas , Whitcher Brandon , Bell Jimmy D , Sorokin Elena P , van Bruggen Nick , Thomas E Louise , Cule Madeleine
Published: June 2021

Cardiometabolic diseases are an increasing global health burden. While socioeconomic, environmental, behavioural, and genetic risk factors have been identified, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms is required to develop more effective interventions. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been used to assess organ health, but biobank-scale studies are still in their infancy. Using over 38,000 abdominal MRI scans in the UK Biobank, we used deep learning to quantify volume, fat, and iron in seven organs and tissues, and demonstrate that imaging-derived phenotypes reflect health status. We show that these traits have a substantial heritable component (8–44%) and identify 93 independent genome-wide significant associations, including four associations with liver traits that have not previously been reported. Our work demonstrates the tractability of deep learning to systematically quantify health parameters from high-throughput MRI across a range of organs and tissues, and use the largest-ever study of its kind to generate new insights into the genetic architecture of these traits.
Getting the metabolites right
Authors: Korte Arthur
Published: June 2021

A study of almost 800 Arabidopsis thaliana plants from across Europe reveals how the environment and evolutionary pressures shape their metabolites.
Transient Variations of Total Electron Content (TEC) Over a Terrestrial Point within Magnetic Anomaly Region
Authors: Fayose Rufus Sola
Published: June 2021

This paper investigate the variability of Total Electron Content TEC over a terrestrial point within equatorial anomaly region using the NovAtel GSV 4000B GPS-SCINDA system at Akure (7.3°N, 5.2°E), Nigeria. This system is capable of tracking up to 14 GPS satellites simultaneously. Total Electron Content (TEC) over equatorial region using a real time data collected via a GPS-SCINDA facility were analyzed to study the ionospheric variations in terms of Total Electron Content (TEC) for the period of three years. Diurnal variations and Monthly mean variations of Total Electron Content within the equatorial anomaly region were examined. The diurnal variation of TEC showed pre-dawn minimum for a short period of time, followed by a steep early morning increase and then reached maximum value between 14:00 UT and 16:00 UT. The influence of solar activity on VTEC was investigated by taking the correlation coefficients between VTEC, F10.7cm radio flux index and sunspot numbers. The range of solar flux variation during the period of observation is very limited; there is high positive correlation (Correlation Coefficient 0.61) between daytime peak TEC and the solar F10.7 flux.
Investigation of Quality Control Measurements with Aging X-Ray Machines
Authors: Agaku M. R. , Akaagerger N. B. , Ode O. S.
Published: June 2021

The investigation of Quality Control measurement (QC) with ageing x-ray machines was undertaken. Ten x-ray machines were examined across different hospitals within  Makurdi metropolis, Benue State  using Gammex 330 kV meter and ten (10) X-ray Machines in government hospitals (GH) and private hospitals (PH) with age’s (4-12) years for new X-ray Machines and (22-47) years for aged X-ray Machines. With these, on the quality of diagnostic X-rays and patient’s dose were examined separately when a graph of age of the machine was plotted against the power n of the kVp and a graph of machines age was plotted against radiation intensity. Based on the analysis obtained in this study, the value of n for the new machines with ages (5-12) years has a value of  and aged machines with ages (22-47) years has a value of. This shows that there is a relationship between age and n. In conclusion, the findings of the present study showed that the output radiation dose of new and aged x-ray units differs at the same kVp and mAs measurements, indicating that the x-ray tube deteriorates as its ages increase, thereby posing higher health risk to patients and as such, the study recommends that QC measurement be undertaken on x-ray machines at definite stages of the machines life to verify the effects of aging of a machine on patient's dose.
Characterization of Water Quality on University Campus
Authors: Ogeleka Doris Fovwe , Emegha Mildred Chukwuedum
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Safe drinking water is vital to all human and living organisms.

Aim and Study Location: This study appraised untreated water within the Federal University of Petroleum Resources, Effurun (FUPRE) campus with a view to ascertaining their potability.

Methodology: The samples were analyzed using the America Public Health Association (APHA), standard protocol

Results: The pH indicated that the water were acidic with pH values from 3.50 ± 0.04 to 5.73 ± 0.08. Total iron exceeded the stipulated WHO limit of 0.3 mg/L in some of the locations with concentration varying from 0.232 ± 0.01 to 0.963 ± 0.04. The heavy metal load was relatively low and within regulatory limits.

Conclusion: The study concluded that water should not be consumed without treatment due to the non-conforming parameters. In addition, waters with a non-conformance contributed by feacal coliform (E coli) or any other microbial entities should be avoided since serious health water-related diseases (cholera, typhoid, dysentery and diarrheal) may set if consumed.
Study of Reactivity and Molecular Stability by the Density Functional Theory Method on 2,3-Dihydro -1H-Perimidine: Comparative Analysis
Authors: Tiéba Tuo Nanou , Doh Soro , Bibata Konate , Guillaume Kodjo Charles , Bernard Yapo Ossey , Nahossé Ziao
Published: June 2021

Numerous studies have been carried out on the structure of 2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine substituted as compounds with various biological activities. Researchers have found that these compounds exhibit characteristics potentially useful in medicinal chemistry research and have many therapeutic applications. In this work, we carried out a study using descriptors of the conceptual DFT in order to determine the atoms responsible for the chelation of certain metals (zinc, copper, iron ...) in order to propose new stable molecules complexed with these metals. Calculations were performed to determine the local reactivity of substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine using Fukui functions by the Natural Population Analysis method. Overall parameters were also determined to predict the relative stability and reactivity of substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine. This work was carried out at the calculation level B3LYP / 6-311G (d, p). Compound 2 with an energy difference from the frontier orbitals of ΔEgap = 4.031 eV is the most polarizable. Also, the study of frontier orbitals locates HOMO on the function of substituted 2,3-dihydro-1H-perimidine. Analysis of local reactivity indices as well as of the dual descriptor revealed that nitrogen N17 and N19 are the most favorable sites for electrophilic attack.