bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of the effect of mineral additives on concrete strength using ANN
Authors: Al-Gburi Majid , Yusuf Salim A.
Published: March 2022

In addition to cement, sand, gravel, and water, the current investigation of the influence of additives on the compressive strength of concrete at 28 days includes fly ash, silica fume, and slag. 315 concrete compositions with various amounts of additives are trained and tested using an artificial neural network. Concrete strength is largely affected by the specific gravity of cement and the specific gravity of fine and coarse particles, according to the studies. For greater compressive strength, it is preferable to use materials with a higher specific gravity. Compressive strength has grown as the amount of silica fumes has increased. Increased amounts of slag or superplasticizer resulted in the same behavior. When the amount of fly ash was increased, the compressive strength of the material decreased.
Defining a Global Map of Functional Group-Based 3D Ligand-Binding Motifs
Authors: Yang Liu , He Wei , Yun Yuehui , Gao Yongxiang , Zhu Zhongliang , Teng Maikun , Liang Zhi , Niu Liwen
Published: March 2022

Uncovering conserved 3D protein–ligand binding patterns on the basis of functional groups (FGs) shared by a variety of small molecules can greatly expand our knowledge of protein–ligand interactions. Despite that conserved binding patterns for a few commonly used FGs have been reported in the literature, large-scale identification and evaluation of FG-based 3D binding motifs are still lacking. Here, we propose a computational method, Automatic FG-based Three-dimensional Motif Extractor (AFTME), for automatic mapping of 3D motifs to different FGs of a specific ligand. Applying our method to 233 naturally-occurring ligands, we define 481 FG-binding motifs that are highly conserved across different ligand-binding pockets. Systematic analysis further reveals four main classes of binding motifs corresponding to distinct sets of FGs. Combinations of FG-binding motifs facilitate the binding of proteins to a wide spectrum of ligands with various binding affinities. Finally, we show that our FG–motif map can be used to nominate FGs that potentially bind to specific drug targets, thus providing useful insights and guidance for rational design of small-molecule drugs.
Comprehensiveness of Online Information in Gender-Affirming Surgery: Current Trends and Future Directions in Academic Plastic Surgery
Authors: Aryanpour Zain , Nguyen Christine T. , Blunck Conrad K. , Cooper Kasey M. , Kovac Stefan , Ananthasekar Shivani , Peters Blair R.
Published: March 2022

Background

Despite high rates of online misinformation, transgender and gender diverse (TGD) patients frequently utilize online resources to identify suitable providers of gender-affirming surgical care.

Aim

The objective of this study was to analyze the webpages of United States academic plastic surgery programs for the types of gender-affirming surgery (GAS) procedures offered and to determine how this correlates with the presence of an institutional transgender health program and geographic region in order to identify potential gaps for improvement.

Methods

Online institutional webpages of 82 accredited academic plastic surgery programs were analyzed for the presence of the following: GAS services, specification of type of GAS by facial, chest, body and genital surgery, and presence of a concomitant institutional transgender health program. This data was analyzed for correlations with geographic region and assessed for any significant associations.

Outcomes

Frequencies of GAS services, specification of the type of GAS by facial, chest, body and genital surgery, presence of a concomitant institutional transgender health program, and statistical correlations between these items are the primary outcomes.

Results

Overall, 43 of 82 (52%) academic institutions offered GAS. Whether an institution offered GAS varied significantly with the presence of an institutional transgender health program (P < .001) but not with geographic region (P = .329). Whether institutions that offer GAS specified which anatomic category of GAS procedures were offered varied significantly with the presence of an institutional transgender health program (P < .001) but not with geographic region (P = .235).

Clinical Implications

This identifies gaps for improved transparency in the practice of communication around GAS for both physicians and academic medical institutions.

Strengths & Limitations

This is the first study analyzing the quality, content, and accessibility of online information pertaining to GAS in academic institutions. The primary limitation of this study is the nature and accuracy of online information, as current data may be outdated and not reflect actuality.

Conclusion

Based on our analysis of online information, many gaps currently exist in information pertaining to GAS in academic settings, and with a clear and expanding need, increased representation and online availability of information regarding all GAS procedure types, as well as coordination with comprehensive transgender healthcare programs, is ideal.
Gambling in Britain in the Long Eighteenth Century
Authors: Harris Bob
Published: March 2022

English society in the eighteenth century was allegedly marked by a 'gambling mania', such was the prevalence and intensity of different forms of 'gaming'. Gambling in Britain in the Long Eighteenth Century subjects this notion to systematic scrutiny, exploring the growth and prevalence of different forms of gambling across Britain and throughout British society in this period, as well as attitudes towards it. Drawing on a vast range of new, empirical evidence, Bob Harris seeks to understand gambling, its growth, and significance within the context of wider trends and impulses in society. This book asks what light gambling practices and habits shed back onto society and the values, hopes, and expectations that informed the lives of those involved. This is a book, therefore, as much about the character of British society in the long eighteenth century as it is about gambling itself.
The Metaphysics of the Narrative Self
Authors: REA MICHAEL
Published: March 2022

This essay develops a theory of identities, selves, and ‘the self’ that both explains the sense in which selves are narratively constituted and also explains how the self relates to a person's individual autobiographical identity and to their various social identities. I argue that identities are the contents of narratively structured representations, some of which are hosted individually and are autobiographical in form, and others of which are hosted collectively and are biographical in form. These identities, in turn, give rise to selves of various sorts—true selves, autobiographical selves, public and private selves, merely possible selves, and so on—which are the characters (or presupposed subjects) that appear in our various identities. Although the theory I develop bears some obvious affinities with the view that selves are fictional characters, the two views are in fact distinct, for reasons explained at the end.
Effectiveness of an electronic health system−based best-practice advisory to enhance the time to de-escalation of vancomycin for respiratory indications
Authors: Gibbs Amanda C. , Jackson Daniel A. , Runjaic Senka , Toncray Vanessa J. , Bosch Wendelyn , Mendez Julio C. , Epps Kevin L.
Published: March 2022

Objective:

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is highly unlikely when nasal-swab results are negative. We evaluated the impact of an electronic prompt regarding MRSA nasal screening on the length of vancomycin therapy for respiratory indications.

Design:

Retrospective, single-center cohort study.

Setting:

Tertiary-care academic medical center (Mayo Clinic) in Jacksonville, Florida.

Patients:

Eligible patients received empiric treatment with vancomycin for suspected or confirmed respiratory infections from January through April 2019 (preimplementation cohort) and from October 2019 through January 2020 (postimplementation cohort).

Intervention:

The electronic health system software was modified to provide a best-practice advisory (BPA) prompt to the pharmacist upon order verification of vancomycin for patients with suspected or confirmed respiratory indications. Pharmacists were prompted to order a MRSA nasal swab if it was not already ordered by the provider.

Methods:

We reviewed patient records to determine the time from vancomycin prescription to de-escalation. The secondary end point was incidence of acute kidney injury.

Results:

The study included 120 patients (preimplementation, n = 61; postimplementation, n = 59). Median time to de-escalation was significantly shorter for the postimplementation cohort: 76 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 52–109) versus 42 hours (IQR, 37–61; P = .002). Acute kidney injury occurred in 11 patients (18%) in the preimplementation cohort and in 3 patients (5%) in the postimplementation cohort (P = .01; number needed to treat, 8).

Conclusions:

Implementation of a BPA notification for MRSA nasal screening helped decrease the time to de-escalation of vancomycin.
Adherence to Anticoagulation Interruption Guidelines in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Siddique Mujtaba , Butt Asif , Sultan Nazeem , Ahmed Farhat , Shuaib Ashfaq
Published: March 2022

Introduction:

Annually, 15% of patients who receive oral anticoagulation require interruption for surgery or an invasive procedure. This study evaluates the adherence of patients with atrial fibrillation with a history of stroke or transient ischemic attack to the Thrombosis Canada Perioperative guidelines for the discontinuation and reinitiation of anticoagulation treatment.

Methods:

We collected data from a prospective patient survey at the Stroke Prevention Clinic in the University of Alberta hospital. Patients’ charts were reviewed from the electronic medical records, and adherence was looked at according to the Thrombosis Canada Perioperative guidelines for the interruption of anticoagulants.

Results:

During the study period (2016–2019), there were 509 patients surveyed. Anticoagulation treatment was interrupted in 150 patients with 98 interrupted for surgical or invasive procedures. The interruption was adherent to guidelines in only 29 (29.6%) of patients and inappropriate or nonadherent in 69 (70.4%) patients. There were seven ischemic strokes recorded during the period of interruption. The proportion of strokes was higher in patients whose anticoagulation interruption was longer than what the guidelines recommended (6/61 or 9.8%) when compared to those who adhered to recommended perioperative anticoagulation guidelines (1/29 or 3.4%).

Conclusion:

Our results indicate that significant discrepancy with following the recommended perioperative anticoagulation guidelines is common in real-life practice. Delay in re-anticoagulation may increase the risk of complications.
A drastic change in glacial dynamics at the beginning of the seventeenth century on Novaya Zemlya coincides in time with the strongest volcanic eruption in Peru and the Great Famine in Russia
Authors: Rusakov Valeriy , Kuz'mina Тat'yana , Borisov Alexander , Gromyak Irina , Dogadkin Denis , Romashova Тat'yana , Solovi'eva Galina , Lukmanov Ruslan
Published: March 2022

In this study, we reconstructed for the first time the recent 1000-yr-long history of Goluboi tidewater glacier at the eastern side of the Novaya Zemlya, Kara Sea, based on accelerator mass spectrometry 14C dating with higher-resolution age control on the basis of 210Pb and 137Cs radionuclides for the time period after AD 1885, using multiproxy analyses (lithology, mineralogy, and geochemistry) of proximal glaciomarine sediments from the Oga Fjord. Against the background of the active glacial dynamics and the intense meltwater runoff until the end of the sixteenth century, there was a sudden cooling at the beginning of the seventeenth century, which manifested itself in a significant decrease in the sedimentation rates. In time, this event coincides with the strongest volcanic eruption, AD 1600, in South America (in Peru) in the history of human settlement of the continent, which may have plunged the globe into cold climate chaos (Witze, 2008), and caused the Great Famine, AD 1601 to AD 1603, in Russia. The synchronicity of the described events may be an additional fact confirming the global impact of the eruption on the climate of our planet.
Pleistocene small-mammal and arthropod trackways from the Cape south coast of South Africa
Authors: Lockley Martin G. , Helm Charles W. , Cawthra Hayley C. , De Vynck Jan C. , Dixon Mark G. , Venter Jan A.
Published: March 2022

A trackway and burrows of a small rodent-sized bounding mammal (attributed to the Cape gerbil,Gerbilliscus afra) and a traceway of a large arachnid (spider) from the Pleistocene Waenhuiskrans Formation represent two biological groups not previously reported from this track-rich dune facies, which is widely distributed along the Cape south coast of South Africa. This may be due to biases against the preservation of small tracks. Trackways of hopping or bounding rodent-sized mammals are rare in the fossil record, occurring at only two known Mesozoic sites and three Cenozoic sites. Where these occur in dune facies, they are commonly associated with arachnid and other arthropod surface trails. The arachnid trace fossils commonly include the spider tracewayOctopodichnus, known from the Permian to Recent, which is also the temporal range of the eponymousOctopodichnusichnofacies. The abundance of small-mammal tracks associated with dune ichnofaunas led to the naming of the late Palaeozoic and MesozoicChelichnusichnofacies, which is largely co-extensive with theOctopodichnusichnofacies at this time. However, the recognition of similar mammal–arthropod dune facies assemblages in the Cenozoic requires adjusting our understanding of their distribution in space and time, and extends the known distribution of dune ichnofacies.
Quality appraisal of clinical nutrition practice guidelines for critically ill adult patients: a systematic review using the Advancing Guideline Development, Reporting and Evaluation in Health Care instrument II (AGREE-II) and AGREE-Recommendation Excellence (AGREE-REX)
Authors: Cattani Aline , Teixeira Paula Portal , Eckert Igor da Conceição , Busnello Fernanda , Gabriel Franciele , Stein Airton , Silva Flávia Moraes
Published: March 2022

Nutritional therapy should follow evidence-based practice, thus several societies regarding nutrition and critical care have developed specific Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPG). However, to be regarded as trustworthy, the quality of the CPG for critically ill patients and its recommendations need to be high. This systematic review aimed to appraise the methodology and recommendations of nutrition CPG for critically ill patients. We performed a systematic review (protocol number CRD42020184199) with literature search conducted on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and other four specific databases of guidelines up to October 2021. Two reviewers, independently, assessed titles and abstracts and potentially eligible full-text reports to determine eligibility and subsequently four reviewers appraised the guidelines quality using the Advancing Guideline Development, Reporting and Evaluation in Health Care instrument II (AGREE-II) and AGREE-Recommendation Excellence (AGREE-REX). Ten CPG for nutrition in critically ill patients were identified. Only Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and European Society of Intensive Care Medicine had a total acceptable quality and were recommended for daily practice according AGREE-II. None of the CPG recommendations had an overall quality score above 70 %, thus being classified as moderate quality according AGREE-REX. The methodological evaluation of the critically ill adult patient CPG revealed significant discrepancies and showed a need for improvement in its development and/or reporting. In addition, recommendations about nutrition care process presented a moderate quality.
Timing of infant formula introduction in relation to BMI and overweight at ages 1 and 3 years: the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study (BIGCS)
Authors: Yuan Mingyang , Lu Minshan , Guo Yixin , Lam Kin Bong Hubert , Lu Jinhua , He Jianrong , Shen Songying , Wei Dongmei , Thomas G. Neil , Cheng Kar Keung , Qiu Xiu
Published: March 2022

Mounting evidence suggests that the first few months of life are critical for the development of obesity. The relationships between the timing of solid food introduction and the risk of childhood obesity have been examined previously; however, evidence for the association of timing of infant formula introduction remains scarce. This study aimed to examine whether the timing of infant formula introduction is associated with growth z-scores and overweight at ages 1 and 3 years. This study included 5733 full-term (≥ 37 gestational weeks) and normal birth weight (≥ 2500 and < 4000 g) children in the Born in Guangzhou Cohort Study, a prospective cohort study with data collected at 6 weeks, 6, 12 and 36 months. Compared with infant formula introduction at 0–3 months, introduction at 4–6 months was associated with the lower BMI, weight-for-age and weight-for-length z-scores at 1 and 3 years old. Also, introduction at 4–6 months was associated with the lower odds of at-risk of overweight at age 1 (adjusted OR 0·72, 95 % CI 0·55, 0·94) and 3 years (adjusted OR 0·50, 95 % CI 0·30, 0·85). Introduction at 4–6 months also decreased the odds of overweight at age 1 year (adjusted OR 0·42, 95 % CI 0·21, 0·84) but not at age 3 years. Based on our findings, compared with introduction within the first 3 months, introduction at 4–6 months has a reduction on later high BMI risk and at-risk of overweight. However, these results need to be replicated in other well-designed studies before more firm recommendations can be made.
Un constructivisme enraciné : élucidation, ontologie et création de concepts chez Cornelius Castoriadis
Authors: Tranchant Thibault
Published: March 2022

Jean-Marc Ferry objectait à Cornelius Castoriadis que sa philosophie repose sur une décision ontologique arbitraire transgressant les limites de la critique kantienne de la raison. Dans cet article, je réponds à cette objection en commentant l'opération méthodologique sur laquelle repose l'ontologie de Castoriadis : l’élucidation. Je montre qu'elle ne dépasse pas les limites prescrites par la finitude kantienne et qu'elle lui permet de justifier ses concepts ontologiques. J'explique ensuite dans quelle mesure on peut qualifier la méthode de Castoriadis de « constructivisme enraciné » et quel est son apport pour les théories philosophiques constructivistes.
Rare case of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in a 4-year-old child
Authors: Landry Lily M. , Osakwe Onyekachukwu , Arya Sandeep
Published: March 2022

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery is an exceedingly rare and potentially fatal congenital coronary anomaly that typically presents early in infancy. We report an unusual case of anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in a 4-year-old child who presented later in life with vague respiratory and gastrointestinal symptoms and was found to have severe global cardiac dysfunction with evidence myocardial ischaemia.
Behavioural risk patterns in adolescents with excess weight participating in the PRALIMAP-INÈS trial
Authors: Julia Chantal , Omorou Abdou , Lecomte Edith , Langlois Johanne , Touvier Mathilde , Hercberg Serge , Briançon Serge , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle , Guillemin Francis ,   the PRALIMAP-INÈS Trial Group
Published: March 2022

Objective:

To investigate clustering of risk behaviours in adolescents with excess weight.

Design:

Cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from the PRALIMAP-INÈS trial. Information on food frequency consumption (fruit, vegetables, sugary products and beverages), physical activity, sedentary behaviour (week and weekend days), smoking and alcohol consumption (current frequency and intoxication episodes) and socio-demographic data was collected using self-reported questionnaires. Behavioural risk factors were entered as categorical variables in a two-step clustering procedure: multiple correspondence analysis followed by hierarchical clustering. Associations between cluster membership and socio-demographic variables were investigated using multivariable multinomial logistic regression.

Setting:

French PRALIMAP-INÈS trial.

Participants:

Adolescents with excess weight.

Results:

A total of 1391 participants (13–18 years old, 58·2 % female) were included in the analysis, which resulted in the identification of four groups of participants, including, respectively, 543 (39·0 %), 373 (26·8 %), 246 (17·7 %) and 229 (16·5 %) participants. Clusters 1 and 4 showed associations of rather healthy behaviours (high physical activity and low consumption of sugary products; high consumption of fruit and vegetables, respectively), while clusters 2 and 3 showed associations of rather unhealthy behaviours (high sedentary behaviour and low consumption of fruit and vegetables; smoking and alcohol consumption, respectively). Both social status and family structure were associated with cluster membership.

Conclusions:

Risk behaviour patterns in adolescents with excess weight were clustered in both healthier and less healthy ways, with a complex interplay with socio-demographic factors.
Sex Differences Partially Moderate the Relationships Between Personal Values and the Preference for Cross-Sex Friendships (Heterosociality)
Authors: Altmann Tobias
Published: March 2022

Abstract. A key differentiation in studies on friendship research is between the same-sex and cross-sex friendships of women and men. Although most women and men prefer same-sex over cross-sex friends, most people do commonly have cross-sex friendships, and there are large interindividual differences in the proportions of cross-sex friends in individual friendship networks. Recent studies have suggested that same-sex and cross-sex friendships fulfill different goals for women and men. Therefore, individuals’ personal values (as representations of their enduring goals) may be associated with the types of friendships they prefer. The present study explores associations between personal values and people’s preferences for cross-sex friendships (heterosociality). A sample of 1,333 participants completed the assessment. Results showed that the associations were partially moderated by sex. For men, the value of tradition, whereas for women, the values of security, self-direction, and tradition were found to be significantly associated with the individual proportions of cross-sex friends. These findings contribute to understanding friendship selection and underline the importance of differentiating between same-sex and cross-sex friendships in women and men.
Evaluation of Reanalysis Temperature and Precipitation for the Andean Altiplano and Adjacent Cordilleras
Authors: Birkel S. D. , Mayewski P. A. , Perry L. B. , Seimon A. , Andrade‐Flores M.
Published: March 2022

This study compares temperature, precipitation, and other climate variables from six widely used climate reanalysis products to inform ice‐core climate proxy record calibration in the Altiplano region of the central Andes. The reanalyzes are the European Reanalysis version 5 (ERA5), European Reanalysis Interim, Modern‐Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications (MERRA2), Japanese 55‐year Reanalysis, Climate Forecast System Reanalysis and version 2 extension, and NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis version 1. These data products are validated against observations from automatic weather stations on the Quelccaya Ice Cap, Peru (5,650 m a.s.l) and Chacaltaya, Bolivia (5,238 m a.s.l), in addition to lower sites ranging in elevation 2,500–4,900 m a.s.l. Our results suggest that ERA5 provides the most robust overall depiction of temperature and precipitation across the study domain, and the data set is particularly useful for its back‐extension to 1950. However, MERRA2 produces lower precipitation error scores owing to a gaged‐based bias correction. An examination of ERA5 vertical atmospheric profiles for a latitudinal transect over Quelccaya shows considerable variability, including across major El Niño events, suggesting the need for caution when interpreting isotopic signatures in ice cores.
Seasonal to Intraseasonal Variability of the Upper Ocean Mixed Layer in the Gulf of Oman
Authors: Font Estel , Queste Bastien Y. , Swart Sebastiaan
Published: March 2022

High‐resolution underwater glider data collected in the Gulf of Oman (2015–2016), combined with reanalysis data sets, describe the spatial and temporal variability of the mixed layer during winter and spring. We assess the effect of surface forcing and submesoscale processes on upper ocean buoyancy and their effects on mixed layer stratification. Episodic strong and dry wind events from the northwest (Shamals) drive rapid latent heat loss events which lead to intraseasonal deepening of the mixed layer. Comparatively, the prevailing southeasterly winds in the region are more humid, and do not lead to significant heat loss, thereby reducing intraseasonal upper ocean variability in stratification. We use this unique data set to investigate the presence and strength of submesoscale flows, particularly in winter, during deep mixed layers. These submesoscale instabilities act mainly to restratify the upper ocean during winter through mixed layer eddies. The timing of the spring restratification differs by three weeks between 2015 and 2016 and matches the sign change of the net heat flux entering the ocean and the presence of restratifying submesoscale fluxes. These findings describe key high temporal and spatial resolution drivers of upper ocean variability, with downstream effects on phytoplankton bloom dynamics and ventilation of the oxygen minimum zone.
Streamflow Prediction in Highly Regulated, Transboundary Watersheds Using Multi‐Basin Modeling and Remote Sensing Imagery
Authors: Du Tien L. T. , Lee Hyongki , Bui Duong D. , Graham L. Phil , Darby Stephen D. , Pechlivanidis Ilias G. , Leyland Julian , Biswas Nishan K. , Choi Gyewoon , Batelaan Okke , Bui Thao T. P. , Do Son K. , Tran Tinh V. , Nguyen Hoa Thi , Hwang Euiho
Published: March 2022

Despite the potential of remote sensing for monitoring reservoir operation, few studies have investigated the extent to which reservoir releases can be inferred across different spatial and temporal scales. Through evaluating 21 reservoirs in the highly regulated Greater Mekong region, remote sensing imagery was found to be useful in estimating daily storage volumes for within‐year and over‐year reservoirs (correlation coefficients [CC] ≥ 0.9, normalized root mean squared error [NRMSE] ≤ 31%), but not for run‐of‐river reservoirs (CC < 0.4, 40% ≤ NRMSE ≤ 270%). Given a large gap in the number of reservoirs between global and local databases, the proposed framework can improve representation of existing reservoirs in the global reservoir database and thus human impacts in hydrological models. Adopting an Integrated Reservoir Operation Scheme within a multi‐basin model was found to overcome the limitations of remote sensing and improve streamflow prediction at ungauged cascade reservoir systems where previous modeling approaches were unsuccessful. As a result, daily regulated streamflow was predicted competently across all types of reservoirs (median values of CC = 0.65, NRMSE = 8%, and Kling‐Gupta efficiency [KGE] = 0.55) and downstream hydrological stations (median values of CC = 0.94, NRMSE = 8%, and KGE = 0.81). The findings are valuable for helping to understand the impacts of reservoirs and dams on streamflow and for developing more useful adaptation measures to extreme events in data sparse river basins.
Three‐Dimensional Permeability Inversion Using Convolutional Neural Networks and Positron Emission Tomography
Authors: Huang Zitong , Kurotori Takeshi , Pini Ronny , Benson Sally M. , Zahasky Christopher
Published: March 2022

Quantification of heterogeneous multiscale permeability in geologic porous media is key for understanding and predicting flow and transport processes in the subsurface. Recent utilization of in situ imaging, specifically positron emission tomography (PET), enables the measurement of three‐dimensional (3‐D) time‐lapse radiotracer solute transport in geologic media. However, accurate and computationally efficient characterization of the permeability distribution that controls the solute transport process remains challenging. Leveraging the relationship between local permeability variation and solute advection behavior, an encoder‐decoder based convolutional neural network (CNN) is implemented as a permeability inversion scheme using a single PET scan of a radiotracer pulse injection experiment as input. The CNN can accurately capture the 3‐D spatial correlation between the permeability and the radiotracer solute arrival time difference maps in geologic cores. We first test the inversion accuracy using synthetic test datasets and then test the accuracy on a suite of experimental PET imaging datasets acquired on four different geologic cores. The network‐predicted permeability maps from the geologic cores are used to parameterize forward numerical models that are directly compared with the experimental PET imaging data. The results indicate that a single trained network can generate robust 3‐D permeability inversion maps in seconds. Numerical models parameterized with these permeability maps closely capture the experimentally observed solute arrival time behavior. This work provides an unprecedented approach for efficiently characterizing multiscale permeability heterogeneity in complex geologic samples.
Statistical Study of Approaching Strong Diffusion of Low‐Energy Electrons by Chorus and ECH Waves Based on In Situ Observations
Authors: Fukizawa M. , Sakanoi T. , Miyoshi Y. , Kazama Y. , Katoh Y. , Kasahara Y. , Matsuda S. , Kumamoto A. , Tsuchiya F. , Matsuoka A. , Kurita S. , Nakamura S. , Shoji M. , Teramoto M. , Imajo S. , Shinohara I. , Wang S.‐Y. , Tam S. W.‐Y. , Chang T.‐F. , Wang B.‐J. , Jun C.‐W.
Published: March 2022

Inner magnetospheric electrons are precipitated in the ionosphere via pitch‐angle (PA) scattering by lower band chorus (LBC), upper band chorus (UBC), and electrostatic electron cyclotron harmonic (ECH) waves. However, the PA scattering efficiency of low‐energy electrons (0.1–10 keV) has not been investigated via in situ observations because of difficulties in flux measurements within loss cones at the magnetosphere. In this study, we demonstrate that LBC, UBC, and ECH waves contribute to PA scattering of electrons at different energy ranges using the Arase (ERG) satellite observation data and successively detected the moderate loss cone filling, that is, approaching strong diffusion. Approaching strong diffusion by LBC, UBC, and ECH waves occurred at ∼2–20 keV, ∼1–10 keV, and ∼0.1–2 keV, respectively. The occurrence rate of the approaching strong diffusion by high‐amplitude LBC (>50 pT), UBC (>20 pT), and ECH (>10 mV/m) waves, respectively, reached ∼70%, ∼40%, and ∼30% higher than that without simultaneous wave activity. The energy range in which the occurrence rate was high agreed with the range where the PA diffusion rate of each wave exceeded the strong diffusion level based on the quasilinear theory.
Physical Limnology and Sediment Dynamics of Lago Argentino, the World's Largest Ice‐Contact Lake
Authors: Van Wyk de Vries Maximillian , Ito Emi , Shapley Mark , Brignone Guido , Romero Matias , Wickert Andrew D. , Miller Louis H. , MacGregor Kelly R.
Published: March 2022

Proglacial lakes, whose numbers have been growing around the world, may drive accelerated glacier retreat and provide valuable records of past glacier and climatic changes. Despite their importance, few studies have investigated the sedimentary properties and processes acting within large proglacial lakes. Lago Argentino (LArg) is a 1,500 km2 ice‐contact lake on the eastern flank of the Southern Patagonian Icefield. Here, we describe the results from a detailed analysis of 47 sediment cores obtained throughout this lake basin, supplemented with remotely sensed data. We show that: (a) LArg exhibits a seasonal variation in sediment properties (varves); (b) varve formation results from three distinct processes, driven by seasonal changes in glacial sediment input, seasonal changes in fluvial sediment input, and seasonal variations in lake mixing; and (c) distance from glacier calving fronts provides the first‐order control on sediment grain size and accumulation rate. Our findings highlight the exceptional preservation of annual laminations within proglacial lakes, their potential for reconstructing past glacier changes, and their relevance for forecasting future glacier–lake interactions.
All-optical modulation of quantum states by nonlinear metasurface
Authors: Zhang Di , Chen Yang , Gong Shengchao , Wu Wei , Cai Wei , Ren Mengxin , Ren Xifeng , Zhang Shuang , Guo Guangcan , Xu Jingjun
Published: March 2022

Metasurfaces have proven themselves an exotic ability to harness light at nano-scale, being important not only for classical but also for quantum optics. Dynamic manipulation of the quantum states is at the heart of quantum information processing; however, such function has been rarely realized with metasurfaces so far. Here, we report an all-optical dynamic modulation of the photonic quantum states using the nonlinear metasurface. The metasurface consists of a metallic nanostructure combined with a photoisomerizable azo layer. By tuning the plasmonic resonance through optically switching the azo molecules between their binary isomeric states, we have realized dynamic control of transmission efficiencies of orthogonally polarized photons and also the phase delay between them, thereby an entangled state was efficiently controlled. As an illustration, a quantum state distillation has been demonstrated to recover a Bell state from a non-maximally entangled one to that with fidelities higher than 98%. Our work would enrich the functions of the metasurface in the quantum world, from static to dynamic modulation, making the quantum metasurface going practical.
Confined-domain crosslink-enhanced emission effect in carbonized polymer dots
Authors: Tao Songyuan , Zhou Changjiang , Kang Chunyuan , Zhu Shoujun , Feng Tanglue , Zhang Shi-Tong , Ding Zeyang , Zheng Chengyu , Xia Chunlei , Yang Bai
Published: March 2022

Revealing the photoluminescence (PL) origin and mechanism is a most vital but challenging topic of carbon dots. Herein, confined-domain crosslink-enhanced emission (CEE) effect was first studied by a well-designed model system of carbonized polymer dots (CPDs), serving as an important supplement to CEE in the aspect of spatial interactions. The “addition-condensation polymerization” strategy was adopted to construct CPDs with substituents exerting different degrees of steric hindrance. The effect of confined-domain CEE on the structure and luminescence properties of CPDs have been systematically investigated by combining characterizations and theoretical calculations. Such tunable spatial interactions dominated the coupling strength of the luminophores in one particle, and eventually resulted in the modulated PL properties of CPDs. These findings provide insights into the structural advantages and the PL mechanism of CPDs, which are of general significance to the further development of CPDs with tailored properties.
Neurophysiology in psychosis: The quest for disease biomarkers
Authors: Wang Baihan , Zartaloudi Eirini , Linden Jennifer F. , Bramon Elvira
Published: March 2022

Psychotic disorders affect 3% of the population at some stage in life, are a leading cause of disability, and impose a great economic burden on society. Major breakthroughs in the genetics of psychosis have not yet been matched by an understanding of its neurobiology. Biomarkers of perception and cognition obtained through non-invasive neurophysiological tools, especially EEG, offer a unique opportunity to gain mechanistic insights. Techniques for measuring neurophysiological markers are inexpensive and ubiquitous, thus having the potential as an accessible tool for patient stratification towards early treatments leading to better outcomes. In this paper, we review the literature on neurophysiological markers for psychosis and their relevant disease mechanisms, mainly covering event-related potentials including P50/N100 sensory gating, mismatch negativity, and the N100 and P300 waveforms. While several neurophysiological deficits are well established in patients with psychosis, more research is needed to study neurophysiological markers in their unaffected relatives and individuals at clinical high risk. We need to harness EEG to investigate markers of disease risk as key steps to elucidate the aetiology of psychosis and facilitate earlier detection and treatment.
Sex-specific involvement of the Notch–JAG pathway in social recognition
Authors: Jaaro-Peled Hanna , Landek-Salgado Melissa A. , Cascella Nicola G. , Nucifora Frederick C. , Coughlin Jennifer M. , Nestadt Gerald , Sedlak Thomas W. , Lavoie Joelle , De Silva Sarah , Lee Somin , Tajinda Katsunori , Hiyama Hideki , Ishizuka Koko , Yang Kun , Sawa Akira
Published: March 2022

Under the hypothesis that olfactory neural epithelium gene expression profiles may be useful to look for disease-relevant neuronal signatures, we examined microarray gene expression in olfactory neuronal cells and underscored Notch–JAG pathway molecules in association with schizophrenia (SZ). The microarray profiling study underscoredJAG1as the most promising candidate. Combined with further validation with real-time PCR, downregulation ofNOTCH1was statistically significant. Accordingly, we reverse-translated the significant finding from a surrogate tissue for neurons, and studied the behavioral profile ofNotch1+/−mice. We found a specific impairment in social novelty recognition, whereas other behaviors, such as sociability, novel object recognition and olfaction of social odors, were normal. This social novelty recognition deficit was male-specific and was rescued by rapamycin treatment. Based on the results from the animal model, we next tested whether patients with psychosis might have male-specific alterations in social cognition in association with the expression ofNOTCH1orJAG1. In our first episode psychosis cohort, we observed a specific correlation between the expression ofJAG1and a face processing measure only in male patients. The expression ofJAG1was not correlated with any other cognitive and symptomatic scales in all subjects. Together, although we acknowledge the pioneering and exploratory nature, the present work that combines both human and animal studies in a reciprocal manner suggests a novel role for the Notch–JAG pathway in a behavioral dimension(s) related to social cognition in psychotic disorders in a male-specific manner.
A review of multilayer and composite films and coatings for active biodegradable packaging
Authors: Wang Qiankun , Chen Wenzhang , Zhu Wenxin , McClements David Julian , Liu Xuebo , Liu Fuguo
Published: March 2022

Active biodegradable packaging are being developed from biodegradable biopolymers which may solve the environmental problems caused by petroleum-based materials (plastics), as well as improving the shelf life, quality, nutritional profile, and safety of packaged food. The functional performance of active ingredients in biodegradable packaging can be extended by controlling their release profiles. This can be achieved by incorporating active ingredients in sandwich-structured packaging including multilayer and composite packaging. In multilayer materials, the release profile can be controlled by altering the type, structure, and thickness of the different layers. In composite materials, the release profile can be manipulated by altering the interactions of active ingredients with the surrounding biopolymer matrix. This article reviews the preparation, properties, and applications of multilayer and composite packaging for controlling the release of active ingredients. Besides, the basic theory of controlled release is also elaborated, including diffusion, swelling, and biodegradation. Mathematical models are presented to describe and predict the controlled release of active ingredients from thin films, which may help researchers design packaging materials with improved functional performance.
AC010973.2 promotes cell proliferation and is one of six stemness-related genes that predict overall survival of renal clear cell carcinoma
Authors: Liu Yingqing , Wang Jiawei , Li Lin , Qin Haibo , Wei Yuang , Zhang Xu , Ren Xiaohan , Ding Wei , Shen Xudong , Li Guangyao , Lu Zhongwen , Zhang Dong , Qin Chao , Tao Lingsong , Chen Xinglin
Published: March 2022

Extensive research indicates that tumor stemness promotes tumor progression. Nonetheless, the underlying roles of stemness-related genes in renal clear cell carcinoma (ccRCC) are unclear. Data used in bioinformatics analysis were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Moreover, the R software, SPSS, and GraphPad Prism 8 were used for mapping and statistical analysis. First, the stemness index of each patient was quantified using a machine learning algorithm. Subsequently, the differentially expressed genes between high and low stemness index were identified as stemness-related genes. Based on these genes, a stable and effective prognostic model was identified to predict the overall survival of patients using a random forest algorithm (Training cohort; 1-year AUC: 0.67; 3-year AUC: 0.79; 5-year AUC: 0.73; Validation cohort; 1-year AUC: 0.66; 3-year AUC: 0.71; 5-year AUC: 0.7). The model genes comprised AC010973.2, RNU6-125P, AP001209.2, Z98885.1, KDM5C-IT1, and AL021368.3. Due to its highest importance evaluated by randomforst analysis, the AC010973.2 gene was selected for further research. In vitro experiments demonstrated that AC010973.2 is highly expressed in ccRCC tissue and cell lines. Meanwhile, its knockdown could significantly inhibit the proliferation of ccRCC cells based on colony formation and CCK8 assays. In summary, our findings reveal that the stemness-related gene AC01097.3 is closely associated with the survival of patients. Besides, it remarkably promotes cell proliferation in ccRCC, hence a novel potential therapeutic target.
Control methodology of synchronous lifting for the dual forging manipulator at clamping condition
Authors: Zhai Fugang , He Zhiqiang , Zhao Yanfeng , Yang Liu , Kong Xiangdong
Published: March 2022

Asynchronous coupling force of dual forging manipulator frequently results in poor forging and even equipment failure. In this paper, a synchronous control strategy in dual forging manipulator systems (DFMS) is proposed to stabilize its operation. Kinematic model of the hanging system and finite element model of the forgings are established to investigate the relationships of tension, forging deformation and deformation rate. The rigid-flexible coupling model of DFMS is further established and simulated concerning hydraulics, mechanics and controls. A correction based on the independent feedback state difference is concerned, simulated results show good agreements with experimental data, validating the dead zone compensation algorithm of the proportional valve. Moreover, by the control strategy, the vertical synchronous error of the pincers end is rather small as ± 0.125 mm. The methodology presented in this paper represents a fundamental step towards the cooperation of DFMS and the press to realize collaborative operations.
Magnetotransport and ARPES studies of the topological insulators Sb2Te3 and Bi2Te3 grown by MOCVD on large-area Si substrates
Authors: Locatelli L. , Kumar A. , Tsipas P. , Dimoulas A. , Longo E. , Mantovan R.
Published: March 2022

Recently, the topological insulators (TIs) antimony telluride (Sb2Te3) and bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) are attracting high interest for applications based on spin-charge interconversion mechanisms. Aiming to make a step toward the technology transfer, it is of major importance to achieve and investigate epitaxial quality-TIs on large area Si-based substrates. In view of that, we report here magnetotransport and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) studies on Sb2Te3and Bi2Te3thin films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on top of 4″ Si(111) substrates. Clear weak antilocalization (WAL) effects are observed in both TIs, proving the existence of quantum transport mechanism, and the data are successfully interpreted in the framework of the Hikami–Larkin–Nagaoka model. Further, by dedicated magnetotransport experiments, it has been confirmed that the investigated WAL originates from two-dimensional (2D) topological states. ARPES has been performed ex-situ, and in both TIs the gapless Dirac cones have been observed and attributed to the topological surface states. Combining the proofs of the existence of quantum 2D transport as deduced from the analysis of the magnetoconductance curve with the direct observation of the Dirac-like band structure revealed by the ARPES spectra, it is possible to unambiguously confirm the topological nature of our Sb2Te3and Bi2Te3thin films. The results obtained on thin films grown by MOCVD on 4’’ Si(111) substrate mark an important step towards the technology transfer of the topological insulators studied in this work.
Determination of the physiological range of oxygen tension in bone marrow monocytes using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy
Authors: Narazaki Ayako , Shimizu Reito , Yoshihara Toshitada , Kikuta Junichi , Sakaguchi Reiko , Tobita Seiji , Mori Yasuo , Ishii Masaru , Nishikawa Keizo
Published: March 2022

Oxygen is a key regulator of both development and homeostasis. To study the role of oxygen, a variety of in vitro and ex vivo cell and tissue models have been used in biomedical research. However, because of ambiguity surrounding the level of oxygen that cells experience in vivo, the cellular pathway related to oxygenation state and hypoxia have been inadequately studied in many of these models. Here, we devised a method to determine the oxygen tension in bone marrow monocytes using two-photon phosphorescence lifetime imaging microscopy with the cell-penetrating phosphorescent probe, BTPDM1. Phosphorescence lifetime imaging revealed the physiological level of oxygen tension in monocytes to be 5.3% in live mice exposed to normal air. When the mice inhaled hypoxic air, the level of oxygen tension in bone marrow monocytes decreased to 2.4%. By performing in vitro cell culture experiment within the physiological range of oxygen tension, hypoxia changed the molecular phenotype of monocytes, leading to enhanced the expression of CD169 and CD206, which are markers of a unique subset of macrophages in bone marrow, osteal macrophages. This current study enables the determination of the physiological range of oxygen tension in bone marrow with spatial resolution at a cellular level and application of this information on oxygen tension in vivo to in vitro assays. Quantifying oxygen tension in tissues can provide invaluable information on metabolism under physiological and pathophyisological conditions. This method will open new avenues for research on oxygen biology.