bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Submicron focusing of high-energy X-rays with silicon saw-tooth refractive lenses: fabrication and aberrations
Authors: Shastri S. D. , Moldovan N.
Published: October 2020

Saw-tooth refractive lenses are extremely well-suited to focus high energy X-rays (>50 keV). These lenses have properties of being continuously tunable (in energy or focal length), effectively parabolic, in-line, and attenuation-free on-axis. Vertical focusing of 60 keV synchrotron X-rays to 690 nm at a focal length f = 1.3 m with silicon saw-tooth lenses at a high-energy undulator radiation beamine is demonstrated, with discussion of relevant fabrication and mounting considerations and of geometrical aberrations unique to these devices. Aberration corrections towards further progress into the diffraction-limited nanofocusing regime are suggested. The versatility of such optics, combined with the attainability of smaller spot sizes at these penetrating photon energies, should continue to enhance material microstructure investigations at increasingly higher spatial resolutions.
Single-shot photon recording for three-dimensional memory with prospects of high capacity
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Tan Dezhi , Qiu Jianrong
Published: October 2020

Femtosecond laser-induced modification in the glass has drawn considerable interest due to its widespread superiority in the applications of three-dimensional optical storage. In this Letter, we report that a single pulse could be used in optical memory with super-high writing speed. The photoluminescence image and spectrum indicate that one pulse-induced permanent photoreduction of

S
m

3
+

to

S
m

2
+

in

S
m

3
+

-doped sodium aluminoborate glass can be achieved. Consequently, strong emission contrast is obtained, which is used for optical storage. By regulating the fabrication conditions, the fluorescent diameter could be controlled to approximately 800 nm, which demonstrates the feasibility in super-high density optical storage. Besides, multi-layer information is successfully inscribed. The proposed technique of single-pulse writing holds great potential for optical memory with high speed and huge capacity.
High numerical aperture microwave metalens
Authors: Liu Yong-Qiang , Sun Jinhai , Che Yongxing , Qi Kainan , Li Liangsheng , Yin Hongcheng
Published: October 2020

The numerical aperture (NA) of a lens determines its focusing resolution capability and the maximum light collection or emission angle. In this Letter, an ultrathin high NA metalens operating in the microwave band is designed and demonstrated both numerically and experimentally. The proposed element is constructed by a multi-layer complementary split ring resonator, which can cover full

2

π

phase shift simultaneously with high transmission magnitude by varying its radius gradually. The numerical and experimental results reveal that the designed ultrathin (thickness is only

∼

0.23

λ

) metalens can focus normal incident microwave efficiently to a spot of full width at half-maximum (FWHM) as small as

∼

0.54

λ

with a corresponding high NA exceeding 0.9. Besides, the high NA metalens also possesses a relatively large focusing efficiency with a peak 48% within considered broad frequency range from 7.5 to 10 GHz. The performances of the presented metalens can be comparable or even superior to nowadays high-quality optical metalenses and represent an important step to develop a high-performance metalens in low spectrum. Besides, it can greatly facilitate the development of some novel miniaturized devices like a high-gain low profile scanning antenna, an ultra-compact retroreflector, and cloaks.
‘A contemptible movie now showing in Times Square’: Cultural distinctions, space and taste in the exhibition of Snuff at the National Theatre
Authors: Herron Adam
Published: October 2020

This article considers the urban landscape of New York City’s theatre district in the 1970s and how its identity as a contested space provides insight into key cultural shifts, including changes to the regulation of media, variance and convergence between industrial practices in the film industry, and discursive struggles between culture and capital. With many of the city’s luxurious picture palaces converted into movie theatres with cheaper ticket prices and more genre fare in the wake of the Great Depression, critics sought to contain ‘low’ media such as horror and pornography to prevent their spread from grind houses to prestigious milieus. Using the case study of Snuff (The Findlays, 1976) and its run at the National Theatre on 44th Street and Broadway, I argue that dailies and trade publications were more concerned with the choice of exhibition venue than the content of the low-budget exploitation feature from Monarch Releasing Corporation. Consequently, objections to the film were informed by broader contexts of gentrification, tastemaking and cultural distinctions, with hyperbolic images of the imagined audiences for Snuff generated by tastemakers when they were unable to convincingly critique the National itself.
Arctic terror: Chilling decay and horrifying whiteness in the Canadian North
Authors: Lam Anita
Published: October 2020

Loosely based on the events of Sir John Franklin’s fatal 1845 British naval expedition to discover the Northwest Passage, The Terror (2018) is a historical horror series written and produced for the American pay channel, AMC. In light of the lost expedition’s mythic hold on the Canadian imagination of the North, this article examines how this American series repackages and reproduces myths about the Arctic as a destructive, alien icescape for contemporary audiences in two interrelated ways. First, the coldness of the Canadian Arctic becomes a distinct landscape for survival horror, uniquely shaping the emotional register of terror. In contrast to the jump scares and fast pacing of typical Hollywood representations of horror, the action of horror slows to a glacial pace in the vast whiteness of the snowscape, made more chilling by the gradual decay and death of those who came to claim it. Secondly, ‘the white beast’ of The Terror is represented as a cannibalistic Windigo that takes on different forms as perspectives shift between Franklin’s stranded crew members and the Inuit. Through the Inuit perspective, viewers see imperial hubris transform the North into an inescapable haunted house, raising the horrifying spectre of whiteness.
What is IT? Ambient dread and modern paranoia in It (2017), It Follows (2014) and It Comes at Night (2017)
Authors: Weinstock Jeffrey Andrew
Published: October 2020

This article finds its impetus in the curious convergence of three twenty-first-century horror films around the ambiguous ‘It’ foregrounded by their titles: Andrés Muschietti’s 2017 adaptation of Stephen King’s 1986 novel It, David Robert Mitchell’s 2014 It Follows and Trey Edward Shults’s 2017 It Comes at Night. In each of these films, the titular ‘it’ is difficult or impossible to pin down; it can assume the form of anyone (or, in the case of Shults’s film, infect anyone) and appear anywhere; it cannot be reasoned with, explained or swayed from its course; and conventional sources of protection – the law, and particularly the family – all come up short when confronting it. In this way, the ambiguous ‘its’ of these three films can be seen as crystallizations of a twenty-first-century zeitgeist in which monstrosity seems particularly difficult to locate and defuse. In the age of terrorism, mass shootings and ‘stranger danger’, climate change, and global pandemics, these films suggest that contemporary anxieties cluster around the ambiguous nature of modern threats.
Sleeping with the Lights On: The Unsettling Story of Horror, Darryl Jones (2018)
Authors: Anderson Patrick
Published: October 2020

Review of: Sleeping with the Lights On: The Unsettling Story of Horror, Darryl Jones (2018)

New York: Oxford University Press, 181 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-19882-648-4, h/bk, £10.99
Solely Cellulose-based Adsorbent Derived from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches for Dye Removal
Authors: Septevani Athanasia Amanda , Afandi Farhan Riza , Sampora Yulianti , Septiyanti Melati , Devy Yenni Apriliany , Amelia Aisah Resti , Burhani Dian
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this research is to determine the adsorption capability of micro and nano-cellulose derived from oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) as dye removal. Cellulose based adsorbents were successfully obtained from EFB in the form of microcellulose (eMC) via both delignification (D-eMC) and bleaching processes (B-eMC) as well as in nanocellulose (eNC) by using acid hydrolysis method and hence termed as delignified-eNC (D-eNC) and bleached-eNC (B-eNC) respectively. Dye adsorption test was carried out by UV-Spectrophotometer by comparing initial dye MO concentration (as a control solution) to the treated MO solution upon the addition of micro- and nano- cellulose based adsorbent. It was clear that the dye removal efficiency of micro-cellulose both D-eMC and B-eMC were lower than the nano-cellulose structures. The higher adsorptive capacity of nano-size cellulose compared to the micro-size cellulose was confirmed by the distinct presence of FTIR shifting peak of hydroxyl and sulfonyl groups. It was expected as the micro-size of cellulose would not be able to provide a good adsorptive capability of hydroxyl surface active agent to adsorb the dye. In the case of eNC, the result showed that D-eNC afforded a better dye adsorption than B-eNC. At the same concentration of eNC at 3 wt. %, D-eNC could adsorb at about 19.3% of MO while only 2.4% of MO could be removed by B-eNC. Finally, all of adsorbent could maintain pH and TDS within water quality specification.
Od opisu do opsis
Authors: Karasińska Marta
Published: October 2020

Kompozycyjna kategoria opisu i szerzej rozumianej opisowości w dramacie pozostawała zawsze na marginesie dyskursu teoretycznoliterackiego. Tymczasem przejawiające się w nim modele deskrypcji, w związku z jego docelowym scenicznym przeznaczeniem, nie tylko wykazują się bogactwem artykulacji, ale także stanowią element sine qua non konstytuowania rzeczywistości przedstawionej. Obejmuje ona trzy modele przestrzenne: przestrzeń sceniczną, przysceniczną (przyległą) i relacjonowaną. Najbardziej typowa dla dramatu okazuje się forma opisu bezpośredniego zawarta bądź w didaskaliach, bądź w tekście głównym. Istotną rolę w kreowaniu prezentowanego świata odgrywa jednak także zawarty w wypowiedziach postaci, rozproszony opis pośredni (quasi-opis) czy ponadjęzykowa już opisowość realizowana z wyłączeniem semantyki słowa.
On the moduli spaces of singular principal bundles on stable curves
Authors: Castañeda Ángel Luis Muñoz
Published: October 2020

We prove the existence of a linearization for singular principal G-bundles not depending on the base curve. This allow us to construct the relative compact moduli space of δ-(semi)stable singular principal G-bundles over families of reduced projective and connected nodal curves, and to reduce the construction of the universal moduli space over 𝓜

g
to the construction of the universal moduli space of swamps.
Tropical superelliptic curves
Authors: Brandt Madeline , Helminck Paul Alexander
Published: October 2020

We present an algorithm for computing the Berkovich skeleton of a superelliptic curveyn=f(x) over a valued field. After defining superelliptic weighted metric graphs, we show that each one is realizable by an algebraic superelliptic curve whennis prime. Lastly, we study the locus of superelliptic weighted metric graphs inside the moduli space of tropical curves of genusg.
Seeing as Cognizing: Perception, Concepts and Meditation Practice in Indian Buddhist Epistemology
Authors: Pecchia Cristina
Published: October 2020

As Buddhist literature makes abundantly clear, the Buddha’s knowledge is an instance of yogic perception; it radically differs from the ordinary cognition of empirical objects and results from a special training that includes ascetic toil and meditative practices. This essay aims to explore the role of special cognitive processes – in particular the Buddha’s vision of the Truths and cognitive processes relating to meditation practices – in the Buddhist epistemological tradition of South Asia. It argues that, given the Indian philosophical context, an epistemology with Buddhist presuppositions had to consider why and how meditation practices can make a difference as regards the results of cognition. Passages from Dharmakīrti’s work will be examined that show how Dharmakīrti represents yogic perception and the function of meditation practices (especially visualization) in transforming habitual processes of conceptualization.
Information-sharing practices on Facebook during the 2017 French presidential campaign: An “unreliable information bubble” within the extreme right
Authors: Figeac Julien , Smyrnaios Nikos , Salord Tristan , Cabanac Guillaume , Fraisier Ophélie , Ratinaud Pierre , Seffusatti Fanny
Published: October 2020

This research explores the spread of unreliable information on Facebook during the 2017 French presidential campaign. By analyzing information-sharing behavior on 252 Facebook pages, our study highlights the wide variety of information sources shared by several political communities, notably news published by partisan websites or activist blogs. Our results demonstrate that political parties – particularly, those on the extreme ends of the political spectrum – tend to re-share a large amount of information reflecting the same ideological positions as their own. This trend is amplified by a phenomenon of endo-citation, that is, a “circular circulation” of information between Facebook pages within the same political community. Our results focus on the information practices of the far-right, tracing a clear over-representation of sources that are unreliable or likely to relay disinformation. We argue that this circular transmission of information creates an “unreliable information bubble” that characterizes far-right information-sharing behavior.
Pointwise bound for ℓ-torsion in class groups: Elementary abelian extensions
Authors: Wang Jiuya
Published: October 2020

Elementary abelian groups are finite groups in the form of

A
=

(

ℤ
/
p

⁢
ℤ

)

r

{A=(\mathbb{Z}/p\mathbb{Z})^{r}}

for a prime number p. For every integer

ℓ
>
1

{\ell>1}

and

r
>
1

{r>1}

, we prove a non-trivial upper bound on the

ℓ

{\ell}

-torsion in class groups of every A-extension. Our results are pointwise and unconditional. This establishes the first case where for some Galois group G, the

ℓ

{\ell}

-torsion in class groups are bounded non-trivially for every G-extension and every integer

ℓ
>
1

{\ell>1}

. When r is large enough, the unconditional pointwise bound we obtain also breaks the previously best known bound shown by Ellenberg and Venkatesh under GRH.
A comparison of approaches for estimating combined population attributable risks (PARs) for multiple risk factors
Authors: Ruan Yibing , Walter Stephen D. , Friedenreich Christine M. , Brenner Darren R.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The methods to estimate the population attributable risk (PAR) of a single risk factor or the combined PAR of multiple risk factors have been extensively studied and well developed. Ideally, the estimation of combined PAR of multiple risk factors should be based on large cohort studies, which account for both the joint distributions of risk exposures and for their interactions. However, because such individual-level data are often lacking, many studies estimate the combined PAR using a comparative risk assessment framework. It involves estimating PAR of each risk factor based on its prevalence and relative risk, and then combining the individual PARs using an approach that relies on two key assumptions: that the distributions of exposures to the risk factors are independent and that the relative risks are multiplicative. While such assumptions rarely hold true in practice, no studies have investigated the magnitude of bias incurred if the assumptions are violated.

Methods

Using simulation-based models, we compared the combined PARs obtained with this approach to the more accurate estimates of PARs that are available when the joint distributions of exposures and risks can be established.

Results

We show that the assumptions of exposure independence and risk multiplicativity are sufficient but not necessary for the combined PAR to be unbiased. In the simplest situation of two risk factors, the bias of this approach is a function of the strength of association and the magnitude of risk interaction, for any values of exposure prevalence and their associated risks. In some cases, the combined PAR can be strongly under- or over-estimated, even if the two assumptions are only slightly violated.

Conclusions

We encourage researchers to quantify likely biases in their use of the M–S method, and here, we provided level plots and R code to assist.
Special value formula for the twisted triple product L-function and an application to the restricted L
2-norm problem
Authors: Cheng Yao
Published: October 2020

We establish explicit Ichino’s formulae for the central values of the
triple product L-functions with emphasis on the calculations for the real place.
The key ingredient for our computations is Proposition 8
which generalizes a result in [P. Michel and A. Venkatesh,
The subconvexity problem for

GL
2

{\rm GL}_{2}

,
Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 111 2010, 171–271].
As an application we prove the optimal upper bound of a sum of restricted

L
2

{L^{2}}

-norms
of the

L
2

{L^{2}}

-normalized newforms on certain quadratic extensions with prime level and bounded
spectral parameter following the methods in [V. Blomer,
On the 4-norm of an automorphic form,
J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 15 2013, 5, 1825–1852].
Optimal importance sampling for continuous Gaussian fields
Authors: Pacchiarotti Barbara
Published: October 2020

We consider the problem of selecting a change of mean which minimizes the variance of Monte Carlo estimators for the expectation of a functional of a continuous Gaussian field, in particular
continuous Gaussian processes.
Functionals of Gaussian fields have taken up an important position in many fields
including statistical physics of disordered systems and mathematical finance
(see, for example,
[A. Comtet, C. Monthus and M. Yor,
Exponential functionals of Brownian motion and disordered systems,
J. Appl. Probab. 35 1998, 2, 255–271],
[D. Dufresne,
The integral of geometric Brownian motion,
Adv. in Appl. Probab. 33 2001, 1, 223–241],
[N. Privault and W. I. Uy,
Monte Carlo computation of the Laplace transform of exponential Brownian functionals,
Methodol. Comput. Appl. Probab. 15 2013, 3, 511–524] and
[V. R. Fatalov,
On the Laplace method for Gaussian measures in a Banach space,
Theory Probab. Appl. 58 2014, 2, 216–241].
Naturally, the problem of computing the expectation of such functionals, for example the Laplace transform,
is an important issue in such fields.
Some examples are considered, which, for particular Gaussian processes, can be related to option pricing.
Price Discovery in the United States Dairy Industry
Authors: Bolotova Yuliya V.
Published: October 2020

The organized Exchange spot (cash) cheese market is a private industry institution that has historically performed a primary price discovery function in the U.S. dairy industry. In addition to affecting cheese prices in contract cheese market, the Exchange spot cheese prices have influenced prices paid for milk at the farm level that are set within the system of Federal Milk Marketing Orders (FMMOs). The effects that the Exchange spot cheese market has on FMMOs milk pricing attract increased attention in light of the recent concerns about increasing milk price volatility and its effect on the dairy farm profitability. While the design of milk pricing within FMMOs has evolved over the last three decades, the effects of the Exchange spot cheese prices on FMMOs milk pricing have intensified. The research analyzes the conduct and performance of the Exchange spot cheese market during three FMMOs milk pricing regimes (Minnesota-Wisconsin price regime, Basic Formula Price and modern Multiple Component Pricing regime), with a particular focus on the Exchange spot cheese price behavior.
Time–Frequency Regression
Authors: Funashima Yoshito
Published: October 2020

Wavelet analysis is widely used to trace macroeconomic and financial phenomena in time–frequency domains. However, existing wavelet measures diverge from conventional regression estimators. Furthermore, a direct comparison between wavelet and traditional regression analyses is difficult. In this study, we modify the partial wavelet gain to provide an estimator that corresponds to the ordinary least squares estimator at each point of the time–frequency space. We argue that from the viewpoint of practical applications, the modified partial wavelet gain is suitable for contemporary regressions across time and frequencies, whereas the original partial wavelet gain is suitable for evaluating an aggregate relationship of contemporaneous and lead-lag relationships.
A class of inverse problems for fractional order degenerate evolution equations
Authors: Fedorov Vladimir E. , Nagumanova Anna V. , Kostić Marko
Published: October 2020

The criteria of the well-posedness is obtained for an inverse problem to a class of fractional order in the sense of Caputo degenerate evolution equations with a relatively bounded pair of operators and with the generalized Showalter–Sidorov initial conditions. It is formulated in terms of the relative spectrum of the pair and of the characteristic function of the problem. Sufficient conditions of the unique solvability are obtained for a similar problem with the Cauchy initial condition. For these purposes the unique solvability of the same inverse problem was studied
for the equation with a bounded operator near an unknown function, which is solved with respect to the fractional derivative.
General results are applied to the inverse problem research for the time fractional system of equations describing the dynamics of a viscoelastic fluid in the weakly degenerate and the strongly degenerate cases.
Variation method solving of the inverse problems for Schrödinger-type equation
Authors: Pashaev Arif Mir Calal , Iskenderov Asaf Dashdamir , Yaqubov Qabil Yavar , Musaeva Matanet Asaf
Published: October 2020

A variation method for solving the inverse problems of determining of the complex quantum potential in a nonlinear non-stationary Schrödinger-type equation with final and boundary observations is considered. The existence and uniqueness theorem of the solution of the variation formulation of the inverse problem is proved, the continuity and continuous differentiability of the quality criterion are established, the formula for its gradient is found, the necessary condition of optimality is proved and iterative regularization of the solution is indicated.
Greek, Latin, and more: Multilingualism at the ecumenical Council of Chalcedon
Authors: Mari Tommaso
Published: October 2020

The Council of Chalcedon was a multilingual event, but its multilingual situation was unbalanced. Most attendees spoke Greek, which was de facto the official language of the council. The Roman delegates spoke in Latin, presumably for symbolic reasons, and their statements were translated simultaneously into Greek. The difference of language was no apparent obstacle to communication; this can be seen best in the third session, which was efficiently chaired by the chief of the Roman delegation. Although the translations recorded in the Acts are generally reliable, there are some differences between the Latin and Greek versions reflecting political differences between the Sees of Rome and Constantinople. Languages other than Greek and Latin were spoken, as for example Syriac, but their role was marginal. The original minutes of the Council of Chalcedon reflected the “unbalanced” multilingualism of the assembly; they were mostly in Greek but preserved some parts in Latin. With time, and with Latin fading in the East, they lost the parts in Latin and became unilingual; at the same time, the Greek Acts were translated into Latin for a Latin-speaking western audience.
Nominalization as a typological phenomenon: A comparison between Latin and Australian languages: Types and tokens
Authors: Panagl Oswald , Schweiger Fritz
Published: October 2020

This study deals both with action nouns as a semantic class of word formation and with nominalization as a derivational process via offering a lot of relevant data in a kind of typological confrontation. Oswald Panagl investigates Latin examples applying criteria such as productivity, regularity, semantic transparency and syntactic behavior. As a result, he denotes derivations in -tiōn as the most vivid and active type of action noun delivering almost countless tokens. As a special case he treats the nominalizations in -tu becoming productive when they establish the grammatical category of supine in -tum. This procedure of a switch from derivation to inflection represents a sort of grammaticalization. He offers a scale model of increasing concretization (action–result–instrument–location–agents) exemplified with items from a variety of languages. Fritz Schweiger’s research presents a series of data from the Australian languages (Alyawarra, Bunuba, Diyari, Djapu, Gumbaynggir, Guugu Yimidhirr, Kalkatungu, Uradhi, Wambaya, and Wardaman). The author defines and analyzes the morpholo gical principles of word formation in his linguistic material and classifies the data arte legis. Because of the specific situation and the complex interrelations within this linguistic group of tongues investigated in this paper, it seems nearly impossible to develop and apply criteria of the common sort for uncovering genealogical kinship.
Association between muscle strength and risk factors for metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: a systematic review
Authors: de Lima Tiago R. , Martins Priscila C. , Torre Giuseppe L. , Mannocci Alice , Silva Kelly S. , Silva Diego A.S.
Published: October 2020

The aim of this systematic review was to identify and summarize evidence for the association between muscle strength (MS) and metabolic syndrome (MetS), and MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents. Five databases (Medline/PubMed, EBSCO, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Knowledge) were searched up to November 2019 with complementary reference list searches. Inclusion criteria were studies that investigated the relationship between MS and MetS or MS and combinations of risk factors for MetS in children and adolescents (≤19 years of age). Risk of bias was assessed using standard procedures. From the total of 15,599 articles initially identified, 13 articles were included, representing 11,641 children and adolescents. Higher MS values were associated with lower risk for MetS or combinations of risk factors for MetS (n=11/13 studies). Of the total of included studies, about 23.1% (03/13) were longitudinal and all included studies were classified as having a moderate risk of bias. This review provides preliminary evidence for a beneficial relationship between MS and MetS among children and adolescents. Additionally, although the body of evidence points to the beneficial relationship between higher MS and lower risk for combination of factors for MetS in children and adolescents, this relationship is inconclusive.
Graphene-coupled nanowire hybrid plasmonic gap mode–driven catalytic reaction revealed by surface-enhanced Raman scattering
Authors: Li Ze , Pan Yan , You Qingzhang , Zhang Lisheng , Zhang Duan , Fang Yan , Wang Peijie
Published: October 2020

The single-layer graphene (SLG)-coupled nanowire (NW) hybrid plasmonic gap mode (PGM)-driven molecular catalytic reaction was investigated experimentally and theoretically. First, an SLG-coupled NW was constructed, then the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) effect of graphene in the hybrid plasmonic gap was studied via the normal and oblique incidence of excitation light. The SERS peaks of the D and G of graphene are more intensely enhanced by oblique incidence than by normal incidence. Furthermore, the catalytic reaction of the dimerization of the 4-nitrobenzenethiol molecule to p,p′-dimercaptoazobenzene molecule driven by PGM was carried out by SERS. It was demonstrated that the efficiency of the PGM-driven catalytic reaction is much higher for oblique incidence than that for normal incidence. The mechanism of the PGM-driven catalytic reaction was studied by a finite-difference time-domain numerical simulation. When the PGM is excited by oblique incidence with θ = 30°, the coupling between the NW and SLG/SiO2 substrate increases to the maximum value. This is clearly evidenced by the excitation of a vertical bonding dipolar plasmon mode under the dipole approximation. The theoretical and experimental results were consistent with each other. This research may open up a pathway toward controlling PGM-driven catalytic reactions through polarization changes in excitation laser incidence on single anisotropic nanostructures.
The Psychological Theory ofOn the Utility and Liability of History for Life
Authors: Majerník Jozef
Published: October 2020

The problem of history in Nietzsche’s secondUnfashionable Observationis best approached through that which it is supposed to serve: life, more specifically human life. I argue that Nietzsche presents an oblique but nevertheless complete articulation of the nature of the human soul as consisting of two basic parts, of desiring (the unhistorical) and memory (the historical): of a multiplicity of desires that struggle for domination over the others, and which express themselves in more complex ways through memory-based structures such as conscience. I then discuss some implications of this conception. First, I interpret the significance of the useful kinds of history: rather than being different modes of historical science, they are much more basic modes of practical relating to the matters of our world (especially to other humans and their ways of life) that are external to us both temporallyandspatially. Second, I discuss the particular kinds of desires which underpin the three useful kinds of history. Third, I interpret the problem of scientific history as arising from a turning of the normal human structures of meaningfulness against themselves, and as resulting in two specific kinds of psychic damage: to ourcapacityfor growth and self-cultivation, and to ourwillto do so at all. Finally, I show the importance of the erotic-historic soul for the questions of right and wrong methods of self-knowledge and for the meaning of the imperative “sei du selbst!” that we find inSchopenhauer as Educator.
Working with gender in psychotherapy: A discursive analysis of psychotherapy sessions with women suffering from bulimia
Authors: Pawelczyk Joanna , Faccio Elena , Talarczyk Małgorzata
Published: October 2020

Sociocultural factors are recognized as among the causes of eating disorders (EDs) in general and bulimia in particular. The social constructions of gender constitute a key factor among these causes and bulimia can then be construed as a response to a failure to meet the social (dominant and normative) expectations of what it means to be a woman, as females remain the majority of people suffering from EDs. This article – informed by a critical feminist perspective – uses the micro-analytic frameworks of conversation analysis and membership categorization analysis to qualitatively examine relevant extracts of three psychotherapy sessions with women suffering from bulimia. The audio-recorded sessions represent systemic and social constructionist therapies and were originally conducted in Polish and Italian. The analysis focuses on how gender and gendered propositions are invoked by the therapist and/or the patient and further worked with in the subsequent turns. The contents of gendered propositions will be identified as well as whether, and if so how, they are interactionally deconstructed in the local context of the interaction. The analysis demonstrates how the female patients rely on categorization work around gender in addressing their own issues. The findings call for therapists’ greater awareness and reflexivity as to their interactional handling of gender in view of patients’ individual experiences.
Tourism Geography of the MENA Region: Potential, Challenges and Risks
Authors: Hopfinger Hans , Scharfenort Nadine
Published: October 2020

The countries of the MENA region cover an area with a diverse geography and a diverse tourist capital. The natural and cultural assets of the region appeal to different target groups, but have not yet been fully exploited, are not usable or have been irrevocably destroyed by unrest, uprisings, and wars. In many countries in the region, structural problems in tourism policy and the economy aggravate the situation. As a result, international tourist arrivals and income from tourist expenditures have developed differently in the various countries of the region.

Using selected examples, this special issue provides a deeper but necessarily selective insight into the many facets of tourism in the countries of the MENA region and highlights at least some of the broad spectrum of phenomena associated with tourism geography. This editorial provides a framework to position the selected case studies within broader aspects of tourism development in the MENA region. It assesses the spatial differentiation of tourism supply and demand and looks at the political situation, especially since the so-called ‘Arab Spring’ and the related challenges for the tourism industry.

The current effects of the so-called coronavirus crisis are not considered, as the special issue was conceived before the crisis began.
Aportaciones del vasco medieval a la reconstrucción del léxico protorromance
Authors: Manterola Julen
Published: October 2020

The present paper addresses three particular issues in the reconstruction of the Proto-Romance lexicon, offering an insight from the field of Basque historical-etymological studies. In the evolution from Proto-Romance */ˈdɪk-t-u/ to Idio-Romance dit/dicho ‘said’, the variant *deito is not attested; the Basque word deitu ‘call, be named’, however, bears witness to the ancient existence of that form. In support of this, I offer further documental evidence of that form in a medieval Aragonese text. This paper also sheds light on the irregular vocalism of Gascon puts ‘well’, which does not show the regular evolution */ˈʊ/ > /o/. I will argue that the metathesis of a glide may have prevented that change from taking place; again, data regarding some medieval variants of Basque putzu ‘well’ will prove crucial in settling the question. In a final note, the dialectal persistence of some archaic semantic values of a Proto-Romance word, */ˈnɛk-e/ ‘violent death’, */neˈkat-u/ ‘kill’, will be assessed with the help of the Basque evidence.
Consolidation and Hydraulic Conductivity of High-Plastic Clay Reinforced with Waste Tire Fibers
Authors: Mistry Mohit K. , Shukla Shruti J. , Solanki Chandresh H. , Shukla Sanjay Kumar
Published: October 2020

Extreme shrinkage, high swelling, excessive settlement, and low shear strength are some undesirable properties of clayey soils. Stabilizing the clayey soil by means of chemical admixtures has been widely adopted in the past. As an alternative to these traditional techniques, the present study proposes an economical and environmentally friendly solution that involves the use of waste tire fibers in clayey soil. The waste tire fibers of three aspect ratios of 9, 6.4, and 4.5 were mixed with four different contents, i.e., 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.00 %, in clayey soil. In the present study, the one-dimensional consolidation behavior of fiber-reinforced clayey soil was investigated with the help of various consolidation parameters. Test results have confirmed that the swelling nature of clayey soil can be controlled remarkably well with the addition of waste tire fibers. The significant reduction in the settlement was observed for the low aspect ratio fibers. The results show that the rate of consolidation of clayey soil increases considerably with the addition of longer and thicker fibers. Thus, the time required for 90 % consolidation is reduced from 64 to 40 minutes for untreated clayey soil. With an increase in fiber content and size, the void ratio in fiber-reinforced clayey soil increased, which further leads to an increase in hydraulic conductivity. It can be stated that the utilization of waste tires as a reinforcing material in clayey soil can be an economical option for the construction industry mainly because it is an ecofriendly use of tire disposal.
Voluntary Inhibition of Physiological Mirror Activity: An EEG-EMG Study
Authors: Maudrich T. , Kenville R. , Maudrich D. , Villringer A. , Ragert P. , Nikulin V. V.
Published: October 2020

Physiological mirror activity (pMA), observed in healthy human adults, describes the involuntary co-activation of contralateral homologous muscles during unilateral limb movements. Here we provide novel evidence, using neuromuscular measurements (electromyography; EMG), that the amplitude of pMA can be voluntarily inhibited during unilateral isometric contractions of intrinsic hand muscles after informing human participants (10 male, 10 female) about its presence and establishing a basic understanding of pMA mechanisms through a standardized protocol. Importantly, significant suppression of pMA was observed immediately after participants were asked to inhibit it, despite the absence of any online feedback during task execution and without special training. Moreover, we observed that the decrease of pMA was specifically accompanied by an increase in relative frontal δ power recorded with electroencephalography (EEG). Correlation analysis further revealed an inverse association between the individual amplitude of pMA and frontal δ power that reached significance once participants started to inhibit. Taken together, these results suggest that δ power in frontal regions might reflect executive processes exerting inhibitory control over unintentional motor output, in this case pMA. Our results provide an initial reference point for the development of therapeutic applications related to the neurorehabilitation of involuntary movements which could be realized through the suppression of pMA observed in the elderly before it would fully manifest in undesirable overt movement patterns.
The Dorsal Raphe Regulates the Duration of Attack through the Medial Orbitofrontal Cortex and Medial Amygdala
Authors: Nordman Jacob , Li Zheng
Published: October 2020

The dorsal raphe (DR) is an evolutionarily conserved brain structure that is involved in aggressive behavior. It projects onto numerous cortical and limbic areas underlying attack behavior. The specific neurocircuit through which the DR regulates aggression, however, is largely unclear. In this study we show that DR neurons expressing CaMKIIα are activated by attack behavior in mice. These neurons project to the medial aspect of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC; MeOC) and the medial amygdala (MeA), two key regions within the neural circuit known to control aggressive behavior. Using anin vivooptogenetic approach, we show that attack bouts are shortened by inhibiting CaMKIIα+neurons in the DR and their axons at the MeOC and prolonged by stimulating the DR-MeOC axons during an attack. By contrast, stimulating the axons of CaMKIIα+DR neurons at the MeA shortens attack. Notably, neither the DR-MeOC or DR-MeA pathway initiates attack when stimulated. These results indicate that the DR-MeOC and DR-MeA pathways regulate the duration of attack behavior in opposite directions, revealing a circuit mechanism for the control of attack by the DR.
How to Read a Rondeau: On Pleasure, Analysis, and the Desultory in Amateur Performance Practice of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Green Emily H.
Published: October 2020

Written in the form and style of the popular “novel of circulation” (or “it-narrative”), this article examines and provides an experience of the performance practices of eighteenth-century amateur music. It tells the typically complex history of a minor hit, “Come Haste to the Wedding,” a tune that was sung in a 1760s Drury Lane pantomime, rewritten as a rondeau for London publishers, danced as a jig in Irish and Scottish halls, transcribed as a fiddle tune by a captain in the Continental Army, circulated as a flute or guitar melody as far abroad as Calcutta, and collected by a young loyalist in Charleston, South Carolina. I argue that common to all these versions—and among many similar and neglected amateur genres, including sectional variation sets and dance collections—was the practice of desultory reading. The term “desultory” itself comes from the period, and the practice suggested here extrapolates from evidence of readers' experience of approaching literature and periodicals out of order. Many musical texts asked readers to skip between pages and sections, rondeaux chief among them but also instructional treatises. Some of those same treatises, by C. P. E. Bach (1753–62) and Quantz (1752), hint at desultory reading in subtle admonitions. Through a lively engagement with period style, this article outlines a new definition of music reading informed by eighteenth-century language and practical context, a definition attuned to the ocular and physical habits of the era's most plentiful practitioners: domestic performers of domestic music.
Pseudo‐repeats in doublecortin make distinct mechanistic contributions to microtubule regulation
Authors: Manka Szymon W , Moores Carolyn A
Published: October 2020

Doublecortin (DCX) is a neuronal microtubule‐associated protein (MAP) indispensable for brain development. Its flexibly linked doublecortin (DC) domains—NDC and CDC—mediate microtubule (MT) nucleation and stabilization, but it is unclear how. Using high‐resolution time‐resolved cryo‐EM, we mapped NDC and CDC interactions with tubulin at different MT polymerization stages and studied their functional effects on MT dynamics using TIRF microscopy. Although coupled, each DC repeat within DCX appears to have a distinct role in MT nucleation and stabilization: CDC is a conformationally plastic module that appears to facilitate MT nucleation and stabilize tubulin–tubulin contacts in the nascent MT lattice, while NDC appears to be favored along the mature lattice, providing MT stabilization. Our structures of MT‐bound DC domains also explain in unprecedented detail the DCX mutation‐related brain defects observed in the clinic. This modular composition of DCX reflects a common design principle among MAPs where pseudo‐repeats of tubulin/MT binding elements chaperone or stabilize distinct conformational transitions to regulate distinct stages of MT dynamic instability.
La influencia francesa en el entorno de María Luisa de Orleáns, 1679-1689: los cocineros de la reina
Authors: García Pérez Francisco José
Published: October 2020

Uno de los objetivos prioritarios de este trabajo es el de mostrar la relación de la alta política con el servicio francés de las cocinas de la reina, intentando mostrar hasta qué punto fue importante para París y Madrid vigilar la influencia francesa alrededor de María Luisa de Orleans, lo que incluía, por supuesto, a sus propios cocineros. En este sentido, durante los diez años de María Luisa de Orleans como reina consorte, hubo una presencia francesa verdaderamente activa en la Corte de Madrid. Esta circunstancia afectó también a sus cocinas, donde hubo cocineros franceses entre 1679 y 1689. A lo largo de estas páginas, se presentará, además, un análisis de los cocineros que fueron sucediéndose, así como las circunstancias que rodearon sus nombramientos.
Dissecting the Genetic Architecture of Biofuel-Related Traits in a Sorghum Breeding Population
Authors: Ishimori Motoyuki , Takanashi Hideki , Hamazaki Kosuke , Atagi Yamato , Kajiya-Kanegae Hiromi , Fujimoto Masaru , Yoneda Junichi , Tokunaga Tsuyoshi , Tsutsumi Nobuhiro , Iwata Hiroyoshi
Published: October 2020

In sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench], hybrid cultivars for the biofuel industry are desired. Along with selection based on testcross performance, evaluation of the breeding population per se is also important for the success of hybrid breeding. In addition to additive genetic effects, non-additive (i.e., dominance and epistatic) effects are expected to contribute to the performance of early generations. Unfortunately, studies on early generations in sorghum breeding programs are limited. In this study, we analyzed a breeding population for bioenergy sorghum, which was previously developed based on testcross performance, to compare genomic selection models both trained on and evaluated for the per se performance of the 3rd generation S0 individuals. Of over 200 ancestral inbred accessions in the base population, only 13 founders contributed to the 3rd generation as progenitors. Compared to the founders, the performances of the population per se were improved for target traits. The total genetic variance within the S0 generation progenies themselves for all traits was mainly additive, although non-additive variances contributed to each trait to some extent. For genomic selection, linear regression models explicitly considering all genetic components showed a higher predictive ability than other linear and non-linear models. Although the number and effect distribution of underlying loci was different among the traits, the influence of priors for marker effects was relatively small. These results indicate the importance of considering non-additive effects for dissecting the genetic architecture of early breeding generations and predicting the performance per se.
Estimation of Molecular Pairwise Relatedness in Autopolyploid Crops
Authors: Amadeu Rodrigo R , Lara Leticia A C , Munoz Patricio , Garcia Antonio A F
Published: October 2020

A suitable pairwise relatedness estimation is key to genetic studies. Several methods are proposed to compute relatedness in autopolyploids based on molecular data. However, unlike diploids, autopolyploids still need further studies considering scenarios with many linked molecular markers with known dosage. In this study, we provide guidelines for plant geneticists and breeders to access trustworthy pairwise relatedness estimates. To this end, we simulated populations considering different ploidy levels, meiotic pairings patterns, number of loci and alleles, and inbreeding levels. Analysis were performed to access the accuracy of distinct methods and to demonstrate the usefulness of molecular marker in practical situations. Overall, our results suggest that at least 100 effective biallelic molecular markers are required to have good pairwise relatedness estimation if methods based on correlation is used. For this number of loci, current methods based on multiallelic markers show lower performance than biallelic ones. To estimate relatedness in cases of inbreeding or close relationships (as parent-offspring, full-sibs, or half-sibs) is more challenging. Methods to estimate pairwise relatedness based on molecular markers, for different ploidy levels or pedigrees were implemented in the AGHmatrix R package.