bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phytosociological characteristics of sessile oak and hornbeam forests (Querco petraeae-CarpiInetum betuli Rudski 1949. s.l.) in the area of Kosmaj
Authors: Stajić Snežana , Čokeša Vlado , Miletić Zoran , Eremija Saša , Ćirković-Mitrović Tatjana , Marković Mira , Jovanović Filip
Published: July 2021

The paper presents phytosociological characteristics of the sessile oak and hornbeam community (Querco petraeae-Carpinetum betuli Rudski 1949. s.l.) in the area of Kosmaj. Phytosociological relevés of the investigated association were taken at altitudes ranging from 339 to 410 m, with Eastern to northeastern aspects, and the slope of 15-23°. The community occurs on deeply ilimerized soils - luvisols over flysch. The floristic composition of this phytosociological community is diverse, including plants from thermophilicmand mesothermal oak forests and some plants from beech forests. With regard to the spectrum of range types, the investigated community Querco petraeae-Carpinetum betuli Rudski 1949. s.l. has a Central European range of distribution. Regarding the bioloigical spectrum of life forms, most species are considered phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes, with an increased share of geophytes.
Programas intergeneracionales que fomentan la participación social de las personas mayores en España. Una mirada desde el Trabajo Social
Authors: Morcillo Martínez Juana María
Published: July 2021

El presente estudio de investigación documental tiene como objetivo revisar sistemáticamente, desde la disciplina del trabajo social, los programas que acrecientan la interacción y el intercambio entre diferentes generaciones como nuevas oportunidades para las personas mayores. Los programas intergeneracionales se sitúan entre las medidas más eficaces para unir a personas que pertenecen a diferentes generaciones, promueven la calidad de vida y se establecen como vía de empoderamiento en las comunidades. El proceso metodológico se llevó a cabo a través de una búsqueda bibliográfica en la base de datos Social Services Abstracts proporcionando cobertura bibliográfica de investigaciones actuales sobre el desarrollo de programas intergeneracionales relacionados con el trabajo social y los servicios sociales. Los resultados señalan la carencia de investigaciones que se preocupen por el estudio del impacto de los programas intergeneracionales que contribuyan a fomentar la participación social de las personas mayores, entre los años 2015 y 2020, en España.
Vitiligo
Authors:   University of Debrecen – Medical Center – Department of Dermatology, Várvölgyi Tünde , Szegedi Andrea
Published: July 2021

The prevalence of vitiligo is between 0.5% and 1% in the population, the most common acquired depigmentation disorder. Hypopigmented macules are formed as a result of melanocyte death. Its etiology is still not fully elucidated, it is a multifactorial disease. Polygenic type genetic susceptibility is supported by familial accumulation (15- 30%). The complex interaction of non-immunological and immunological factors is key during the development of the disease. Due to intensive research in recent years, it has become clear that cells other than melanocytes, such as keratinocytes, fibroblasts, natural killer (NK) cells, and other cells of the innate immune system are involved in its pathogenesis. Furthermore, a special group of T lymphocytes, the tissue-resident memory T cells, play a key role also in the development and recurrence of the disease. The aim of the treatment is to stop progression, to achieve repigmentation, which is transient in 40% of cases.
Can I Bring My Emotional Support Animal to College with Me?
Authors: Gatesy-Davis Anwyn
Published: July 2021

Do you know that you can take your Emotional Support Animal (ESA) with you to college? The Fair Housing Act (FHA) says that “Housing providers cannot refuse to make reasonable accommodations in rules, policies, practices, or services when such accommodations may be necessary to afford a person with a disability the equal opportunity to use and enjoy a dwelling.” This means that colleges and universities must allow ESAs in housing, even if there is a no-pet policy. Find out more about bringing your ESA to college with you in this tip sheet.
Employment in Ontario’s Industrial Heartland: Evidence of Economic Decline in a
Mid-Sized Industrial City
Authors: Kerr Don , Qiyomiddin Komin
Published: July 2021

As the “second wave” of globalization commenced in the late 1970s and early
1980s, countries around the world underwent economic restructuring. Canada, as one of the
nodes in an integrated global economy, was no exception. In particular, the province of
Ontario, which was and still is the biggest manufacturing hub in Canada, experienced a
decline in terms of manufacturing employment. Inevitably, for London, a mid-sized industrial
city located in Southwestern Ontario, this transition had major implications, a reality that
it shared with several other cities in the southwest. As closely integrated with the broader
North American economy, London’s loss of jobs due to outsourcing and other technological and
global forces was certainly not unique. Yet as demonstrated in this paper, London’s labour
market has performed particularly poorly since 2001 relative to most other census
metropolitan areas (CMAs) across Ontario, or for that matter, across Canada. This is true in
terms of overall levels of job creation, as well as growth in the types of jobs that are
generally considered desirable in the 21st century, i.e. jobs in higher skilled
occupational categories.
Treatment of Degenerative Disc Disease associated with Modic changes, with ozone therapy. A new therapeutic proposal.
Authors: Grangeat Anibal Martin , Erario Angeles
Published: July 2021

Introduction.
Modic Changes (MCs) represent signal changes in the vertebral endplate and subchondral bone region visualized on T1 and T2 weighted magnetic resonance images (MRI). Three types of MCs It have been identified (Types 1 to 3). Modic changes are commonly associated with low-back pain (LBP).
In the last few years scientific papers have shown that one of the causes of MCs (fundamentally, the MCs type 1) is the infection caused by an anaerobic bacterium of very low virulence: Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes). This bacterium resides on the human skin, oral cavity, intestinal tract, and external ear canal as normal flora. As a consequence of tooth brushing and endodontic-therapy, could invade the blood stream leading to transient bacteremia. The authors propose a treatment which consists of Amoxicillin-clavulanate (500 mg/125 mg) three times a day, at 8-hour intervals, for 90 days/100 days.
Objectives.
Ozone therapy could be the gold standard therapy for MC1 because ozone is a powerful anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent, which regulates oxidative stress, immune system and oxygen metabolism.
Materials and Methods
Patients with LBP lasting 6 months or more and MC1 confirmed by MRI of lumbar spine L3/L4 or L4/L5 or L5/S1 and who responded with 5 or more points on the VAS scale were treated with three intradiscal sessions of ozone therapy and ten paravertebral sessions.
Results.
Patients who were treated with ozone therapy according to our treatment proposal showed a substantial improvement on VAS comparing the beginning and the end of the treatment. They show a significant difference in pain, and general condition. However, these results were not reflected on ODI scale, neither on the MRI but we could notice certain improvements.
Ozone therapy as complementary treatment for surgical infection: case report.
Authors: Buric Josip , Damilano Marco , Berjano Pedro
Published: July 2021

Background: Infection is a serious surgical complication that increases significantly morbidity and mortality rates as well as health care expenses. Bacterial ever-growing resistance to antibiotics makes the treatment of such events even more troublesome.
Objective: Report on a surgical infection case treated with ozone as a complementary therapy.
Methods and Materials: Female, 65 years old, submitted to a complex surgical procedure for adult kyphotic deformity correction that presented with early post-surgical infection. The patient was treated with revision surgery and antibiotics that improved the condition but were unable to delete the infection. Ozone, in its gaseous form, was injected subcutaneously and paravertebraly twice weekly for three weeks.
Results: After 3 weeks of treatment the wound healed completely and repeated visits and blood exams up to one year after the surgery did not show recurrence of infection.
Conclusions: Although not a definite indication on validity of ozone therapy for surgical infections, the results of this case report indicate a new way that merits to be explored.
Ozone as integrative and complementary support for pharmacological therapy.
Authors: Re Lamberto
Published: July 2021

Ozone is not nowadays used in a single medical branch, due to its immune and metabolic effects. This molecule is considered as a pro-drug which can induce at certain non-toxic doses a rearrangement of the biochemical pathways with the activation of a second messenger in a cascade with a multiple system action. Nonetheless, its difference from a drug consists in the fact that its action can’t be explained as a simple interaction between a molecule and a receptor, thus, it can’t be considered according to the classical pharmacological schemes and new concepts must be defined. Furthermore, ozone is able to activate Nfr2 protein. Our study reflects how the levels of Nrf2 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were found to increase immediately after ozone exposure and when measured 30 minutes following reinfusion demonstrating that the oxidative stress was able to activate all the blood components. After a series of 3 systemic indirect endovenous applications, Nrf2 returned back to the basal level. At the end of the experiment the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase were increased. This metabolic pathway is common to all cell lines. In light of the above, ozone could be very helpful as integrative and complementary support for pharmacological therapy modulating the oxidative stress component in many illnesses, elderly and rare diseases, according to not only a legal regulation but also a proper education and training of physicians.
The ozone: a therapeutic mediator in MODIC processes.
Authors: Pepa Osvaldo Alberto
Published: July 2021

MODIC changes of signal in lumbar MRI offered a new vision of the spine degenerations process. Several theories try to explain this phenomenom. After a critical apraisal and based on our own experience, we propose ozone intradiscal injection as an effective and safe treatment for disc degeneration disease.
¿Quién hizo la traducción del Amphitruo de Plauto de 1517?
Authors: Calero Francisco
Published: July 2021

En este trabajo se estudia el problema de la autoría de la primera traducción al español de la comedia de Plauto Amphitruo, ya que en su primera edición se publicó de forma anónima. Para ello se analiza la forma de traducir, así como las notas explicativas y los añadidos que se pusieron al final de dicha traducción. ¿Fue Villalobos o Vives?
teamLab. Interactuar con la naturaleza
Authors: González Díaz Paloma
Published: July 2021

teamLab, grupo multidisciplinar fundado en 2001 por Toshiyuki Inoko, expone en CaixaForum Barcelona dos creaciones inmersivas en las que se fusionan arte, tecnología y naturaleza.
Legal policy of the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China in the area of digitalization of national currency
Authors: Konopiy Anna Sergeevna , Borisov Boris Andreevich
Published: July 2021

The subject of this research is digital national currencies of the People's Republic of China and the Russian Federation. The advent of the new digital era entails inevitable, objectively dictated digital transformations of all spheres of social life. The financial and banking sector in Russia, China, and other countries, is in need for legislative-digital regulation by implementing digital fiat currency. One of the most promising vectors of development is the creation and introduction of new forms of currencies into circulation, which would be recognized by public authority as a legal means of payment, as well as subject to effective oversight by government bodies. The novelty of this research lies in the comparative legal analysis of the experience, as well as the stages of implementation of digital national currency in the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China. The article raised a pressing issue on feasibility of introducing digital ruble into the Russian reality, and thus, discusses successful experience of the Chinese government that a millennium ago was first to invent paper currency, and now is one of the world leaders to introduce digital currency alongside cash money. The concept of “digital currency” is often identified with cryptocurrencies and payment systems, which prompted the authors to conduct a comparative analysis of these terms. The analysis of Russian and Chinese legislation in the area of digital currency, as well as the established practice of implementing a new monetary form into the country’s economy, allowed outlining the pros and cons of such innovation.
[Underground Heat-Exchange and Geothermal Heat Pumps for decarbonization]
Authors: Cerutti Paolo , Fattor Moreno
Published: July 2021

Not available
Laughter, carnival and religion in ancient Egypt
Authors: Murashko Andrei
Published: July 2021

The article highlights the problem of interaction of the ancient Egypt laughter culture with the category of sacred. A person is confronted with the fact that the examples in question can often be phenomena of a different order, and the use of terms such as “carnival” or even “religion”, “temple” or “priest” in relation to ancient Egypt requires an additional explanation. We find “funny” images on the walls of tombs and in the temples, where the Egyptians practiced their cult. In the Ramesside period (1292-1069 BC) a huge layer of the culture of laughter penetrated a written tradition in a way that Mikhail Bakhtin called the carnivalization of literature. Incredible events are described in stories and fairy tales in a burlesque, grotesque form, and great gods are exposed as fools. Applying of the Bakhtinian paradigm to the material of the Middle and New Kingdom allows to reveal the ambivalent character of the Ancient Egyptian laughter: the Egyptians could joke on the divine and remain deeply religious.
Is parody dangerous?
Authors: Troitskiy Sergey
Published: July 2021

This article arose from the scandal which broke out in Russia in 2018, when Ulyanovsk cadets made an amateur video clip parodying the Benny Benassi’s musical video (2003). Soon, this video had more than a million views. But official Russian media sharply reproached the cadets’ performance, and even Russian authorities discussed the video. The Russian Internet community issued a lot of videos in support of the cadets. The reaction of Russian media on the cadets’ parody was mainly strong and not always adequate. I am interested in the reasons behind the fear of parody because, in my opinion, the official discourse had nothing to fear. My analysis is based on the Russian theories of parody and the medieval cultural experience. Can parody be dangerous? Why did the official media overreact?
Co-expression network and comparative transcriptome analysis for fiber initiation and elongation reveal genetic differences in two lines from upland cotton CCRI70 RIL population
Authors: Jiang Xiao , Fan Liqiang , Li Pengtao , Zou Xianyan , Zhang Zhen , Fan Senmiao , Gong Juwu , Yuan Youlu , Shang Haihong
Published: July 2021

Upland cotton is the most widely planted for natural fiber around the world, and either lint percentage (LP) or fiber length (FL) is the crucial component tremendously affecting cotton yield and fiber quality, respectively. In this study, two lines MBZ70-053 and MBZ70-236 derived from G. hirsutum CCRI70 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population presenting different phenotypes in LP and FL traits were chosen to conduct RNA sequencing on ovule and fiber samples, aiming at exploring the differences of molecular and genetic mechanisms during cotton fiber initiation and elongation stages. As a result, 249/128, 369/206, 4296/1198 and 3547/2129 up-/down- regulated differentially expressed genes (DGEs) in L2 were obtained at −3, 0, 5 and 10 days post-anthesis (DPA), respectively. Seven gene expression profiles were discriminated using Short Time-series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis; seven modules and hub genes were identified using weighted gene co-expression network analysis. The DEGs were mainly enriched into energetic metabolism and accumulating as well as auxin signaling pathway in initiation and elongation stages, respectively. Meanwhile, 29 hub genes were identified as 14-3-3ω, TBL35, GhACS, PME3, GAMMA-TIP, PUM-7, etc., where the DEGs and hub genes revealed the genetic and molecular mechanisms and differences during cotton fiber development.
A Comprehensive Study of Caching Effects on Fog Computing Performance
Authors: Abdulqadir Marwa Mahfodh , Salih Azar Abid , Ahmed Omar M. , Hasan Dathar Abas , Haji Lailan M. , Ahmed Sarkar Hasan , Ibrahim Rowaida Khalil , Sharif Karzan H. , Dino Hivi Ismat
Published: July 2021

The rapid advancement in the Internet of things applications generates a considerable amount of data and requires additional computing power. These are serious challenges that directly impact the performance, latency, and network breakdown of cloud computing. Fog Computing can be depended on as an excellent solution to overcome some related problems in cloud computing. Fog computing supports cloud computing to become nearer to the Internet of Things. The fog's main task is to access the data generated by the IoT devices near the edge. The data storage and data processing are performed locally at the fog nodes instead of achieving that at cloud servers. Fog computing presents high-quality services and fast response time. Therefore, Fog computing can be the best solution for the Internet of things to present a practical and secure service for various clients. Fog computing enables sufficient management for the services and resources by keeping the devices closer to the network edge. In this paper, we review various computing paradigms, features of fog computing, an in-depth reference architecture of fog with its various levels, a detailed analysis of fog with different applications, various fog system algorithms, and also systematically examines the challenges in Fog Computing which act as a middle layer between IoT sensors or devices and data centers of the cloud.
Implementation of WHO Surgical Safety Checklist and Pre-operative Anxiety Levels to Study the Effect on Post-operative Recovery among Surgery Patients
Authors: Hadia Rajesh , Joseph Juliet Joy , Mathew Jilce , Patel Shivani , Rathod Trupal , Joshi Dhaval , Shah Bhavin , Baile Sunil , Gohel Kushalkumar , Kardani Sunil , Maheshwari Rajesh
Published: July 2021

Background: World Health Organization Surgical Safety Checklist demonstrated a significant reduction in both morbidity and mortality.

Objectives: This study aimed to find out the feasibility of implementation of WHO Surgical safety checklist in the routine practice, to ensure the teams follow critical safety steps, consistency in patient safety, and to maintain a culture that values achieving it, to assess the pre-operative status and post-operative quality of recovery among the patients undergoing surgery.

Methodology: It is a prospective and observational study. A total of 65 patients of age group 18 and above were included in the study. The data was collected by filling the patient medical record sheet.

Result: A total of 65 patients were included in the study. 64.62% were male, 35.38% were female. Out of 65 patients 61.54% experienced pre-operative anxiety; of which 20% of patients (n=9) showed very fast to fast recovery, 27.5% of patients (n=11) showed moderate recovery) and 52.5% of patients (n=21) showed slow to very slow recovery.

Conclusion: Implementation of the WHO surgical safety checklist may improve miscommunications between the OR team, avoid unexpected errors ((Improving teamwork and communication). Appointing a staff or member of the OR team with the responsibility to check the checklist may improve the feasibility to implement the WHO SSC. The level of pre-operative anxiety greatly influences postoperative recovery. Thus, the Surgical and Anaesthetic team must assess the patient's pre-operative anxiety and take the necessary step before surgery.
Vegan Diet and Mutliple Health Outcomes: A Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Bisen Ashwini , Jha Rakesh Kumar , Bankar Nandkishor
Published: July 2021

A recent development in social protest literature involves cultural activism centered largely on the subject of veganism; its health benefits and responses to diseases that already exist among us. This article brings you the data relating health benefits with the entire plant-based diet, based on numerous studies done around and about this subject, taking into account the health-related, social, and ethical aspects.

Aim: Vegan Diet and Multiple Health Outcomes: A Review and Meta-Analysis

Conclusion: Plant-based nutrition is something so simple, yet so profound and so inexpensive that one can ‘make health a habit’ and thus, can absolutely reverse most of our modern day killers.
FUBP1 promotes colorectal cancer stemness and metastasis via DVL1‐mediated activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling
Authors: Yin Haofan , Gao Tianxiao , Xie Jinye , Huang Zhijian , Zhang Xiaoyan , Yang Fengyu , Qi Weiwei , Yang Zhonghan , Zhou Ti , Gao Guoquan , Yang Xia
Published: July 2021

Distant metastasis is, unfortunately, the leading cause of death in colorectal cancer (CRC). Approximately 50% of CRC patients develop liver metastases, while 10–30% of patients develop pulmonary metastases. The occurrence of metastasis is considered to be almost exclusively driven by cancer stem cells (CSCs) formation. However, the key molecules that confer the transformation to stem cells in CRC, and subsequent metastasis, remain unclear. Far upstream element‐binding protein 1 (FUBP1), a transcriptional regulator of c‐Myc, was screened in CSCs of CRC by mass spectrometry and was examined by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of CRC tissues. FUBP1 was upregulated in 85% of KRAS‐mutant and 25% of wild‐type CRC patients. Further, whether in KRAS‐mutant or wild‐type patients, elevated FUBP1 was positively correlated with CRC lymph node metastasis and clinical stage, and negatively associated with overall survival. Overexpression of FUBP1 significantly enhanced CRC cell migration, invasion, tumor sphere formation, and CD133 and ALDH1 expression in vitro, and tumorigenicity in vivo. Mechanistically, FUBP1 promoted the initiation of CSCs by activating Wnt/β‐catenin signaling via directly binding to the promoter of DVL1, a potent activator of β‐catenin. Knockdown of DVL1 significantly inhibited the transformation to stem cells in, as well as the tumorigenicity of, CRC. Activation of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling by DVL1 increased pluripotent transcription factors, including c‐Myc, NANOG, and SOX2. Moreover, FUBP1 was upregulated at the post‐transcriptional level. Elevated FUBP1 levels in KRAS wild‐type CRC patients is due to the decrease in Smurf2, which promotes ubiquitin‐mediated degradation of FUBP1. In contrast, FUBP1 was upregulated in KRAS‐mutant patients through both inhibition of caspase 3‐dependent cleavage and decreased Smurf2. Our results demonstrate, for the first time, that FUBP1 is an oncogene, initiating the development of CSCs, as well as a new powerful endogenous Wnt‐signaling agonist that could provide an important prognostic factor and therapeutic target for metastasis in both KRAS‐mutant and wild‐type CRC.
Influence of “Mingei (Folk Crafts)” on the Creative Theories of Charlotte Perriand
Authors: Sendai Shoichiro
Published: July 2021

This paper aims to clarify the influence of “Mingei (Folk Crafts)” on the creative theories of French architect and interior designer Charlotte Perriand (1903–1999) and reconsider an aspect of modern architecture. First, in Section 2, this paper examines Perriand’s articles before her encounter with “Folk Crafts”. Section 3 traces her experience of “Folk Crafts” during her time in Japan, and finally, Sections 4 and 5 compare the thoughts of Yanagi and Perriand. Perriand integrated the ideas of Yanagi’s “Folk Crafts” from her interest in vernacular buildings, and this matured into a spatial theory of the “contact”. This hand‐based “contact” was not a rejection of machine‐driven civilization; rather it had the characteristic of universality as far as the sense of touch was based on the human physiological sense.
Afro‐Brazilian Religions
Authors: Spica Marciano Adilio
Published: July 2021

Afro‐Brazilian religions are considered to be the religious denominations of African origin or influence constituted in Brazil and those that resemble them in their practices and beliefs. Such religions have varied denominations, which exercise great influence in Brazilian culture, and they are characteristically syncretic. Most of them contain elements of African religions, Catholicism, and the beliefs and rites of the indigenous peoples of America. They are considered to be ritual religions and their traditions are oral, unsystematic, and based on mythology and ritualistic representation.
The Development of the Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness Learning Collaborative for Improving Patient‐Reported Outcome Collection and Patient‐Centered Communication in Adult Rheumatology
Authors: Subash Meera , Liu Lucy H. , DeQuattro Kimberly , Choden Sonam , Jacobsohn Lindsay , Katz Patricia , Bajaj Puneet , Barton Jennifer L. , Bartels Christie , Bermas Bonnie , Danila Maria I. , Downey Christina , Ferguson Sancia , Reiter Kimberly , Wahl Elizabeth , Weinstein Elena , Zell JoAnn , Schmajuk Gabriela , Yazdany Jinoos
Published: July 2021

Objective

Patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) are an integral part of treat‐to‐target approaches in managing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In clinical practice, however, routine collection, documentation, and discussion of PROs with patients are highly variable. The RISE LC (Rheumatology Informatics System for Effectiveness Learning Collaborative) was established to develop and share best practices in PRO collection and use across adult rheumatology practices in the United States

Methods

The goals of the RISE LC were developed through site surveys and in‐person meetings. Participants completed a baseline survey on PRO collection and use in their practices. RISE LC learning sessions focused on improving communication around PROs with patients and enhancing shared decision‐making in treatment plans. During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic, the RISE LC pivoted to adapt PRO tools for telehealth.

Results

At baseline, all responding sites (n = 15) had established workflows for collecting PROs. Most sites used paper forms alone. PRO documentation in electronic health records was variable, with only half of the sites using structured data fields. To standardize and improve the use of PROs, participants iteratively developed a Clinical Disease Activity Index–based RA Disease Activity Communication Tool to solicit treatment goals and improve shared decision‐making across sites. The COVID‐19 pandemic necessitated developing a tool to gauge PROs via telehealth.

Conclusion

The RISE LC is a continuous, structured method for implementing strategies to improve PRO collection and use in rheumatological care, initially adapting from the Learning Collaborative model and extending to include features of a learning network. Future directions include measuring the impact of standardized PRO collection and discussion on shared decision‐making and RA outcomes.
GALENO: Computer aided system for modeling, monitoring, and control in anesthesia
Authors: Costa Bertinho A. , Mendonça Teresa
Published: July 2021

This article presents a real‐time software platform (the GALENO platform) that was designed to support the development of algorithms to automate anesthesia procedures. Automation of anesthesia can contribute to improve the anesthesia practice, by personalizing health care, and by allowing the anesthesiologist to concentrate on supervisory tasks, avoiding repetitive manual work that can be executed and optimized by using automatic control systems. The GALENO platform is used for rapid prototyping of new control algorithms applied to anesthesia and was developed to be used by medical staff as a supporting tool for general anesthesia in a clinical setting. It has been tested in simulation and in real clinical settings. The platform can control the administration of several anesthetic drug combinations for total intravenous anesthesia using the DoA/BIS index and the NMB level, during induction and maintenance phases. To highlight some of the main features of the platform, and its practical results, two control algorithms are used as examples, the closed‐loop predictive min–max target controlled infusion is described and is used to control DoA/BIS, and a self‐tuning proportional‐integral‐derivative is used to implement the control of the NMB.
Reviving the “Schottky” Barrier for Flexible Polymer Dielectrics with a Superior 2D Nanoassembly Coating
Authors: Zhang Boya , Liu Jingjing , Ren Ming , Wu Chao , Moran Thomas J. , Zeng Songshan , Chavez Sonia E. , Hou Zaili , Li Zongze , LaChance Anna Marie , Jow T. Richard , Huey Bryan D. , Cao Yang , Sun Luyi
Published: July 2021

The organic insulator–metal interface is the most important junction in flexible electronics. The strong band offset of organic insulators over the Fermi level of electrodes should theoretically impart a sufficient impediment for charge injection known as the Schottky barrier. However, defect formation through Anderson localization due to topological disorder in polymers leads to reduced barriers and hence cumbersome devices. A facile nanocoating comprising hundreds of highly oriented organic/inorganic alternating nanolayers is self‐coassembled on the surface of polymer films to revive the Schottky barrier. Carrier injection over the enhanced barrier is further shunted by anisotropic 2D conduction. This new interface engineering strategy allows a significant elevation of the operating field for organic insulators by 45% and a 7× improvement in discharge efficiency for Kapton at 150 °C. This superior 2D nanocoating thus provides a defect‐tolerant approach for effective reviving of the Schottky barrier, one century after its discovery, broadly applicable for flexible electronics.
Detection of X‐Ray Doses with Color‐Changing Hackmanites: Mechanism and Application
Authors: Vuori Sami , Colinet Pauline , Norrbo Isabella , Steininger Ralph , Saarinen Timo , Palonen Heikki , Paturi Petriina , Rodrigues Lucas C. V. , Göttlicher Jörg , Le Bahers Tangui , Lastusaari Mika
Published: July 2021

Hackmanites, a variety of sodalite with the general formula Na8Al6Si6O24(Cl,S)2, are a family of nature‐based smart materials having the ability for reversible photochromism upon UV or X‐ray exposure. Being nontoxic, cheap, and durable, hackmanite would be an optimal material for the visual detection of the presence of X‐rays in simple portable systems. However, its X‐ray‐induced coloring abilities are so far known only qualitatively. In this work, a combination of experimental and computational methods is used to reveal the mechanism of X‐ray‐induced color changing in these materials. Finally, their use is demonstrated both in color intensity‐based X‐ray dosimetry and photochromic X‐ray imaging.
Cancer survival among World Trade Center rescue and recovery workers: A collaborative cohort study
Authors: Goldfarb David G. , Zeig‐Owens Rachel , Kristjansson Dana , Li Jiehui , Brackbill Robert M. , Farfel Mark R. , Cone James E. , Kahn Amy R. , Qiao Baozhen , Schymura Maria J. , Webber Mayris P. , Dasaro Christopher R. , Lucchini Roberto G. , Todd Andrew C. , Prezant David J. , Hall Charles B. , Boffetta Paolo
Published: July 2021

Background

World Trade Center (WTC)‐exposed responders may be eligible to receive no‐cost medical monitoring and treatment for certified conditions, including cancer. The survival of responders with cancer has not previously been investigated.

Methods

This study compared the estimated relative survival of WTC‐exposed responders who developed cancer while enrolled in two WTC medical monitoring and treatment programs in New York City (WTC‐MMTP responders) and WTC‐exposed responders not enrolled (WTC‐non‐MMTP responders) to non‐responders from New York State (NYS‐non‐responders), all restricted to the 11‐southernmost NYS counties, where most responders resided. Parametric survival models estimated cancer‐specific and all‐cause mortality. Follow‐up ended at death or on December 31, 2016.

Results

From January 1, 2005 to December 31, 2016, there were 2,037 cancer cases and 303 deaths (248 cancer‐related deaths) among WTC‐MMTP responders, 564 cancer cases, and 143 deaths (106 cancer‐related deaths) among WTC‐non‐MMTP responders, and 574,075 cancer cases and 224,040 deaths (158,645 cancer‐related deaths) among the NYS‐non‐responder population. Comparing WTC‐MMTP responders with NYS‐non‐responders, the cancer‐specific mortality hazard ratio (HR) was 0.72 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.64–0.82), and all‐cause mortality HR was 0.64 (95% CI = 0.58–0.72). The cancer‐specific HR was 0.94 (95% CI = 0.78–1.14), and all‐cause mortality HR was 0.93 (95% CI = 0.79–1.10) comparing WTC‐non‐MMTP responders to the NYS‐non‐responder population.

Conclusions

WTC‐MMTP responders had lower mortality compared with NYS‐non‐responders, after controlling for demographic factors and temporal trends. There may be survival benefits from no‐out‐of‐pocket‐cost medical care which could have important implications for healthcare policy, however, other occupational and socioeconomic factors could have contributed to some of the observed survival advantage.
Alkyne Surrogates in Cycloaddition Reactions for the Preparation of Molecules of Interest
Authors: Amatore Muriel , Parrain Jean‐Luc , Commeiras Laurent
Published: July 2021

Although alkynes are very good partners for cycloaddition reactions, their use is often associated to several drawbacks, such as multi‐steps synthesis, selectivity and stability issues or difficulty to handle for alkynes with low boiling point. In this context, alkyne surrogates have emerged as alternative substitution partners unlocking new opportunities. This review intends to highlight the outstanding power and utility of such compounds for the preparation of high value molecules.
COVID‐19 Vaccine‐Associated Cerebral Venous Thrombosis in Germany
Authors: Schulz Jörg B. , Berlit Peter , Diener Hans‐Christoph , Gerloff Christian , Greinacher Andreas , Klein Christine , Petzold Gabor C. , Piccininni Marco , Poli Sven , Röhrig Rainer , Steinmetz Helmuth , Thiele Thomas , Kurth Tobias ,   the German Society of Neurology SARS‐CoV‐2 Vaccination Study Group
Published: July 2021

Objective

We aimed to estimate the incidence of cerebral sinus and venous thrombosis (CVT) within 1 month from first dose administration and the frequency of vaccine‐induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) as the underlying mechanism after vaccination with BNT162b2, ChAdOx1, and mRNA‐1273, in Germany.

Methods

A web‐based questionnaire was e‐mailed to all departments of neurology. We requested a report of cases of CVT occurring within 1 month of a COVID‐19 vaccination. Other cerebral events could also be reported. Incidence rates of CVT were calculated by using official statistics of 9 German states.

Results

A total of 45 CVT cases were reported. In addition, 9 primary ischemic strokes, 4 primary intracerebral hemorrhages, and 4 other neurological events were recorded. Of the CVT patients, 35 (77.8%) were female, and 36 (80.0%) were younger than 60 years. Fifty‐three events were observed after vaccination with ChAdOx1 (85.5%), 9 after BNT162b2 (14.5%) vaccination, and none after mRNA‐1273 vaccination. After 7,126,434 first vaccine doses, the incidence rate of CVT within 1 month from first dose administration was 0.55 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.38–0.78) per 100,000 person‐months (which corresponds to a risk of CVT within the first 31 days of 0.55 per 100,000 individuals) for all vaccines and 1.52 (95% CI = 1.00–2.21) for ChAdOx1 (after 2,320,535 ChAdOx1 first doses). The adjusted incidence rate ratio was 9.68 (95% CI = 3.46–34.98) for ChAdOx1 compared to mRNA‐based vaccines and 3.14 (95% CI = 1.22–10.65) for females compared to non‐females. In 26 of 45 patients with CVT (57.8%), VITT was graded highly probable.

Interpretation

Given an incidence of 0.02 to 0.15 per 100,000 person‐months for CVT in the general population, these findings point toward a higher risk for CVT after ChAdOx1 vaccination, especially for women. ANN NEUROL 2021;90:627–639
Pyrolysis‐Free Synthesized Catalyst towards Acidic Oxygen Reduction by Deprotonation
Authors: Zang Ying , Mi Chunxia , Wang Rui , Chen Hong , Peng Peng , Xiang Zhonghua , Zang Shuang‐Quan , Mak Thomas C. W.
Published: July 2021

Acidic oxygen reduction is vital for renewable energy devices such as fuel cells. However, many aspects of the catalytic process are still uncertain—especially the large difference in activity in acidic and alkaline media. Thus, the design and synthesis of model catalysts to determine the active centers and the inactivation mechanism are urgently needed. We report a pyrolysis‐free synthesis route to fabricate a catalyst (CPF‐Fe@NG) for oxygen reduction in acidic conditions. By introducing a deprotonation process, we extended the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity from alkaline to acidic conditions. CPF‐Fe@NG demonstrated outstanding performance with a half‐wave potential of 853 mV (vs. RHE) and good stability after 10000 cycles in 1 M HClO4. The pyrolysis‐free route could also be used to assemble fuel cells, with a maximum power density of 126 mW cm−2. Our findings offer new insights into the ORR process to optimize catalysts for both mechanistic studies and practical applications.
Exploring Ultrafast Photoswitching Pathways in RbMnFe Prussian Blue Analogue
Authors: Azzolina Giovanni , Tokoro Hiroko , Imoto Kenta , Yoshikiyo Marie , Ohkoshi Shin‐ichi , Collet Eric
Published: July 2021

We study by femtosecond optical pump‐probe spectroscopy the photoinduced charge transfer (CT) in the RbMnFe Prussian blue analogue. Previous studies evidenced the local nature of the photoinduced MnIIIFeII → MnIIFeIII process, occurring within less than 1 ps. Here we show experimentally that two photoswitching pathways exist, depending on the excitation pump wavelength, which is confirmed by band structure calculations. Photoexcitation of α spins corresponds to the Mn(d‐d) band, which drives reverse Jahn–Teller distortion through the population of antibonding Mn‐N orbitals, and induces CT within ≈190 fs. The process launches coherent lattice torsion during the self‐trapping of the CT small‐polaron. Photoexcitation of β spins drives intervalence Fe→Mn CT towards non‐bonding states and results in a slower dynamic.
High‐Efficiency Circularly Polarized Electroluminescence from TADF‐Sensitized Fluorescent Enantiomers
Authors: Li Meng , Wang Mei‐Ying , Wang Yin‐Feng , Feng Liheng , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: July 2021

A couple of fluorescent enantiomers, which are suitable for the emitters of high‐efficiency TADF‐sensitized CP‐OLEDs, have been developed. The enantiomers show configurational stability, high PLQY of 98 %, large kr of 7.8×107 s−1, and intense CPL activities with |glum| values of about 2.5×10−3. Notably, by using matchable TADF sensitizer, the enantiomers were then exploited as emitter to fabricate CP‐OLEDs. The TADF‐sensitized CP‐OLEDs not only show mirror‐image CPEL activities with gEL values of +1.8×10−3 and −1.4×10−3, but also display fast start‐up featuring with low VT of 3.0 V as well as driving voltage of 4.8 V at 10 000 cd m−2. Meaningfully, the TADF‐sensitized fluorescent devices show high EQEmax of 21.5 % and extremely low efficiency roll‐off, whose EQEs are 21.2 % and 15.3 % at 1000 and 10 000 cd m−2, respectively. The obtained EQEs are comparable to those of CP‐TADF emitters, which provides a promising perspective to break through the EL efficiency limit of CP‐FL emitters.
Ligand‐Protected Au55 with a Novel Structure and Remarkable CO2 Electroreduction Performance
Authors: Wan Xian‐Kai , Wang Jia‐Qi , Wang Quan‐Ming
Published: July 2021

A Au55 nanocluster with the composition of [Au55(p‐MBT)24(Ph3P)6](SbF6)3 (p‐MBT=4‐methylbenzenethiolate) is synthesized via direct reduction of gold‐phosphine and gold‐thiolate precursors. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction reveals that this Au55 nanocluster features a face‐centered cubic (fcc) Au55 kernel, different from the well‐known two‐shell cuboctahedral arrangement in Au55(Ph3P)12Cl6. The Au55 cluster shows a wide optical absorption band with optical energy gap (Eg=1.28 eV). It is found that the exclusion of chloride is crucial for the formation of the title cluster, otherwise rod‐like [Au25(SR)5(PPh3)10Cl2]2+ is obtained. The strategy to run synthetic reaction in the absence of halide leads to new members of phosphine/thiolate co‐protected metal nanoclusters. The Au55 nanocluster exhibits high catalytic activity and selectivity for electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO; the Faradaic efficiency (FE) reaches 94.1 % at −0.6 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE).
Isomerization of a cis‐(2‐Borylalkenyl)Gold Complex via a Retro‐1,2‐Metalate Shift: Cleavage of a C−C/C−Si Bond trans to a C−Au Bond
Authors: Suzuki Akane , Wu Linlin , Lin Zhenyang , Yamashita Makoto
Published: July 2021

This manuscript describes the first example of an alkyne insertion to the Au−B bond of a di(o‐tolyl)borylgold complex to afford a cis‐2‐borylalkenylgold complex, and its isomerization to result in interchanging substituents on the alkenyl carbon atom and the boron atom. The former reaction is the first example of an alkyne insertion to a Au−B bond. In the latter reaction, the regiochemistry of the isomerized alkenylgold products varied depending on the substituents. DFT calculations revealed the formation of gold alkynylborates as a common intermediate via a “retro‐1,2‐metalate shift”, which can be considered as an anti‐β‐carbon/silicon elimination, and identified a subsequent 1,2‐metalate shift as the regiochemistry‐determining step. Relative energies of the transition states to each isomer and natural‐bond‐orbital (NBO) analyses were used to clearly rationalize the regiochemistry of the products.
Spatial Matching Selectivity and Solution Structure of Organic–Metal Hybrid to Quadruplex–Duplex Hybrid
Authors: Liu Liu‐Yi , Wang Kang‐Nan , Liu Wenting , Zeng You‐Liang , Hou Ming‐Xuan , Yang Jing , Mao Zong‐Wan
Published: July 2021

The sequence‐dependent DNA secondary structures possess structure polymorphism. To date, studies on regulated ligands mainly focus on individual DNA secondary topologies, while lack focus on quadruplex–duplex hybrids (QDHs). Here, we design an organic–metal hybrid ligand L1Pt(dien), which matches and selectively binds one type of QDHs with lateral duplex stem‐loop (QLDH) with high affinity, while shows poor affinity for other QDHs and individual G4 or duplex DNA. The solution structure of QLDH MYT1L‐L1Pt(dien) complex was determined by NMR. The structure reveals that L1Pt(dien) presents a chair‐type conformation, whose large aromatic “chair surface” intercalates into the G‐quadruplex‐duplex interface via π–π stacking and “backrest” platinum unit interacts with duplex region through hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interactions, showing a highly matched lock‐key binding mode. Our work provided guidance for spatial matching design of selectively targeting ligands to QDH structures.
Single‐Phase Covalent Organic Framework Staggered Stacking Nanosheet Membrane for CO2‐Selective Separation
Authors: Wang Pengyuan , Peng Yuan , Zhu Chenyu , Yao Rui , Song Hongling , Kun Lun , Yang Weishen
Published: July 2021

Two‐dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are considered as potential candidates for gas separation membranes, benefiting from permanent porosity, light‐weight skeletons, excellent stability and facilely‐tailored functionalities. However, their pore sizes are generally larger than the kinetic diameters of common gas molecules. One great challenge is the fabrication of single‐phase COF membranes to realize precise gas separations. Herein, three kinds of high‐quality β‐ketoenamine‐type COF nanosheets with different pore sizes were developed and aggregated to ultrathin nanosheet membranes with distinctive staggered stacking patterns. The narrowed pore sizes derived from the micro‐structures and selective adsorption capacities synergistically endowed the COF membranes with intriguing CO2‐philic separation performances, among which TpPa‐2 with medium pore size exhibited an optimal CO2/H2 separation factor of 22 and a CO2 permeance of 328 gas permeation units at 298 K. This membrane performance reached the target with commercial feasibility for syngas separations.
Crystal‐Size‐Induced Band Gap Tuning in Perovskite Films
Authors: Ummadisingu Amita , Meloni Simone , Mattoni Alessandro , Tress Wolfgang , Grätzel Michael
Published: July 2021

A comprehensive picture explaining the effect of the crystal size in metal halide perovskite films on their opto‐electronic characteristics is currently lacking. We report that perovskite nanocrystallites exhibit a wider band gap due to concurrent quantum confinement and size dependent structural effects, with the latter being remarkably distinct and attributed to the perturbation from the surface of the nanocrystallites affecting the structure of their core. This phenomenon might assist in the photo‐induced charge separation within the perovskite in devices employing mesoporous layers as they restrict the size of nanocrystallites present in them. We demonstrate that the crystal size effect is widely applicable as it is ubiquitous in different compositions and deposition methods employed in the fabrication of state‐of‐the‐art perovskite solar cells. This effect is a convenient and effective way to tune the band gap of perovskites.
Radical Stabilization of a Tripyridinium–Triazine Molecule Enables Reversible Storage of Multiple Electrons
Authors: Huang Jinghua , Hu Shuzhi , Yuan Xianzhi , Xiang Zhipeng , Huang Mingbao , Wan Kai , Piao Jinhua , Fu Zhiyong , Liang Zhenxing
Published: July 2021

A novel organic molecule, 2,4,6‐tris[1‐(trimethylamonium)propyl‐4‐pyridiniumyl]‐1,3,5‐triazine hexachloride, was developed as a reversible six‐electron storage electrolyte for use in an aqueous redox flow battery (ARFB). Physicochemical characterization reveals that the molecule evolves from a radical to a biradical and finally to a quinoid structure upon accepting four electrons. Both the diffusion coefficient and the rate constant were sufficiently high to run a flow battery with low concentration and kinetics polarization losses. In a demonstration unit, the assembled flow battery affords a high specific capacity of 33.0 Ah L−1 and a peak power density of 273 mW cm−2. This work highlights the rational design of electroactive organics that can manipulate multi‐electron transfer in a reversible way, which will pave the way to development of energy‐dense, manageable and low‐cost ARFBs.