bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-Hermitian elastic waveguides with piezoelectric feedback actuation: non-reciprocal bands and skin modes
Authors: Braghini Danilo , Villani Luis G G , Rosa Matheus I N , de F Arruda José R
Published: April 2021

In this work, we investigate non-Hermitian (NH) elastic waveguides with periodically applied proportional feedback efforts, implemented through piezoelectric sensors and actuators. Using one-dimensional spectral models for longitudinal motion, it is shown that dispersion diagrams of this family of structures exhibit non-reciprocal imaginary frequency components, manifesting as wave attenuation or amplification along opposite directions for all Bloch bands (BBs). The effects of positive and negative proportional feedback, as well as local and non-local actuation are investigated. Overall, switching the sign of the feedback effort inverts the amplification direction, while increasing the degree of non-locality produces splitting of the BBs into multiple bands with interchanging non-reciprocal behavior. Furthermore, skin modes localized at the boundaries of finite domains are investigated and successfully predicted by the winding number of the complex dispersion bands. These results contribute to recent efforts in designing metamaterials with novel properties associated with the physics of non-Hermitian systems, which may find fruitful technological applications relying on vibration and noise control, wave localization, filtering and multiplexing.
Interface band offset determination of ultra-thin oxides grown on TiO2 and ZnO by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
Authors: Drivas Charalampos , Botzakaki Martha A , Georga Stavroula N , Krontiras Christoforos A , Kennou Stella
Published: April 2021

The knowledge of the electronic structure of the interface is important when designing microelectronic devices with maximum efficiency, based on oxide heterostructures. The design of microelectronic devices tends to utilize thinner layers of materials in order to reduce their overall volume and to maximize their efficiency, resulting in layers up to a few nanometers. Incorporation of sub-nanometer oxides onto oxide surfaces is often used to improve the efficiency of polymer solar cells. In this work, the chemical composition and the valence band of interfaces formed by ultra-thin, less than 1 nm, atomic layer deposited Al2O3, ZrO2, HfO2, Ta2O5 and ZnO films, onto TiO2 and ZnO substrates, were studied by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electronic structure of the interface was examined, based on the conduction and valence band offsets, which were determined using the Kraut method.
Identification of dislocation-related and point-defects in III-As layers for silicon photonics applications
Authors: Zenari Michele , Buffolo Matteo , De Santi Carlo , Norman Justin , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Bowers John E , Zanoni Enrico , Meneghini Matteo
Published: April 2021

The aim of this paper is to identify, analyze and compare the defects present in III-As, as a function of dislocation density, and as a function of the presence/absence of quantum dots (QDs). Such materials are of fundamental importance for the development of lasers and photodiodes for silicon photonics. The study is based on an extensive deep-level transient spectroscopy investigation, carried out on GaAs pin diodes grown on Si and on GaAs (that differ in the dislocation density), with and without embedded QDs. The original results described in this paper demonstrate that: (a) we were able to identify four different defects within the device grown on Si (three electron and one hole traps) and one defect (hole trap) in the device on GaAs, common to both samples; (b) all the majority carrier traps identified are located near midgap, i.e. are efficient non-radiative recombination centers; (c) such defects are absent (or non-detectable) in the sample grown on GaAs substrate, having a very low dislocation density; (d) the presence of QDs does not result in additional defects within the semiconductor material; (e) the analysis of the capture kinetics revealed that two of the identified traps are related to point defects, whereas the other two traps can be associated with point defects located near a dislocation; (f) a comparison with previous reports indicate that the detected traps are related to native III-As defects, or to oxygen-related complexes.
Tunable tunnel barriers in a semiconductor via ionization of individual atoms
Authors: Mueller Sara M , Kim Dongjoon , McMillan Stephen R , Tjung Steven J , Repicky Jacob J , Gant Stephen , Lang Evan , Bergmann Fedor , Werner Kevin , Chowdhury Enam , Asthagiri Aravind , Flatté Michael E , Gupta Jay A
Published: April 2021

We report scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies of individual adatoms deposited on an InSb(110) surface. The adatoms can be reproducibly dropped off from the STM tip by voltage pulses, and impact tunneling into the surface by up to ∼100×. The spatial extent and magnitude of the tunneling effect are widely tunable by imaging conditions such as bias voltage, set current and photoillumination. We attribute the effect to occupation of a (+/0) charge transition level, and switching of the associated adatom-induced band bending. The effect in STM topographic images is well reproduced by transport modeling of filling and emptying rates as a function of the tip position. STM atomic contrast and tunneling spectra are in good agreement with density functional theory calculations for In adatoms. The adatom ionization effect can extend to distances greater than 50 nm away, which we attribute to the low concentration and low binding energy of the residual donors in the undoped InSb crystal. These studies demonstrate how individual atoms can be used to sensitively control current flow in nanoscale devices.
Application of an information fusion scheme for rolling element bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Fan Ji , Qi Yongsheng , Liu Liqiang , Gao Xuejin , Li Yongting
Published: April 2021

This study addresses the high level of misdiagnoses and low reliability of individual rolling element bearing fault diagnosis methods by proposing a fault diagnosis scheme with enhanced diagnosis accuracy that combines the results of two individual diagnosis methods based on an improved information fusion method. The proposed scheme applies variational mode decomposition in conjunction with a support vector machine for conducting fault diagnosis in the frequency domain, which achieves high fault diagnosis precision for learned fault conditions. Meanwhile, good generalization ability is achieved for identifying the operational conditions of bearings in the time domain by integrated mathematical morphology and correlation analysis. Subsequently, conflicts arising between evidences derived from the individual detection results are measured comprehensively using a novel strategy, and the evidences are then combined based on the Dempster–Shafer theory (DST) to enhance the information fusion effect. The effectiveness of the proposed information fusion method is verified by means of a numerical example in comparison with other fusion methods based on DST. The experimental application of the proposed information fusion fault diagnosis scheme demonstrates the complementary advantages of the two individual methods for significantly improving the diagnosis accuracy relative to the accuracies of the individual methods alone.
Model of a surface acoustic wave sensing system based on received signal strength indication detection
Authors: Han Wei , Bu Xiongzhu , Xu Miaomiao , Zhu Yunpu
Published: April 2021

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensing systems based on the received signal strength indication (RSSI) detection principle have recently gained considerable research attention because of their distinct advantages and disadvantages. However, the test mode requires constant sweeping, which severely limits the system’s dynamic response; to overcome this limitation, an effective solution is to establish a suitable eigenvalue search strategy to replace naive sweeping. To this end, a basis for this process is established in this study. Furthermore, the mechanism of the SAW sensing system based on RSSI detection is analyzed, a system model is established by introducing sequence signal superposition, and the model’s validity is verified via experiments. Signal variations at each stage and model errors are analyzed, and the system’s timing parameters are optimized. Finally, using the SAW torque sensor, an optimized torque measurement prototype is designed and the system’s effectiveness is verified through static torque experiments. A complete model of the measurement system can be simulated through this model; it provides the basis for an eigenvalue search strategy and can act as a simulation model or design basis for other researchers building RSSI-detection-based SAW sensing systems.
About the computation of finite temperature ensemble averages of hybrid quantum-classical systems with molecular dynamics
Authors: Alonso J L , Bouthelier-Madre C , Castro A , Clemente-Gallardo J , Jover-Galtier J A
Published: April 2021

Molecular or condensed matter systems are often well approximated by hybrid quantum-classical models: the electrons retain their quantum character, whereas the ions are considered to be classical particles. We discuss various alternative approaches for the computation of equilibrium (canonical) ensemble averages for observables of these hybrid quantum-classical systems through the use of molecular dynamics (MD)-i.e. by performing dynamics in the presence of a thermostat and computing time-averages over the trajectories. Often, in classical or ab initio MD, the temperature of the electrons is ignored and they are assumed to remain at the instantaneous ground state given by each ionic configuration during the evolution. Here, however, we discuss the general case that considers both classical and quantum subsystems at finite temperature canonical equilibrium. Inspired by a recent formal derivation for the canonical ensemble for quantum classical hybrids, we discuss previous approaches found in the literature, and provide some new formulas.
On the importance of lensing for galaxy clustering in photometric and spectroscopic surveys
Authors: Jelic-Cizmek Goran , Lepori Francesca , Bonvin Camille , Durrer Ruth
Published: April 2021

We study the importance of gravitational lensing in modelling the number counts of galaxies for the first time in spectroscopic surveys. We confirm previous results for photometric surveys, showing that lensing cannot be neglected in a survey like LSST since it would infer a significant shift of standard cosmological parameters. For a spectroscopic survey like SKA2, we find that neglecting lensing in the monopole, quadrupole and hexadecapole of the correlation function can also induce an important shift of cosmological parameters. For ΛCDM parameters, the shift is moderate, of the order of 0.6σ or less. However, for a model-independent analysis, that measures the growth rate of structure in each redshift bins, neglecting lensing introduces a shift of up to 2.3σ at high redshift. Since the growth rate is directly used to test the theory of gravity, such a strong shift would wrongly be interpreted as the breakdown of General Relativity. This shows the importance of including lensing in the analysis of future surveys. For a survey like DESI, we find on the other hand that lensing is not important, mainly due to the value of the magnification bias parameter of DESI, s(z), which strongly reduces the lensing contribution at high redshift. This result relies on our theoretical modelling of s(z) in DESI and should therefore be confirmed with measurements of s(z) in simulations.
We also propose a way of improving the analysis of spectroscopic surveys, by including the cross-correlations between different redshift bins (which is neglected in spectroscopic surveys) from the spectroscopic survey or from a different photometric sample. We show that including the cross-correlations in the SKA2 analysis does not improve the constraints. On the other hand replacing the cross-correlations from SKA2 by cross-correlations measured with LSST improves the constraints by 10% to 20%.
The marginal improvement is mainly due to the density correlations between nearby bins and, therefore, does not
strongly depend on our knowledge of the magnification bias.
Interestingly, for standard cosmological parameter estimation, the photometric survey LSST in its 12 redshift bin configuration
and the spectroscopic SKA2 survey are highly complementary, since they are affected by different degeneracies between parameters:
LSST yields the tightest constraints on Ωcdm, h and n
s, while SKA2 better constrains Ωbaryon, A
s and the bias.
A possible mass distribution of primordial black holes implied by LIGO-Virgo
Authors: Deng Heling
Published: April 2021

The LIGO-Virgo Collaboration has so far detected around 90
black holes, some of which have masses larger than what were
expected from the collapse of stars. The mass distribution of
LIGO-Virgo black holes appears to have a peak at ∼ 30M
☉
and two tails on the ends. By assuming that they all have a
primordial origin, we analyze the GWTC-1 (O1&O2) and GWTC-2 (O3a)
datasets by performing maximum likelihood estimation on a broken
power law mass function f(m), with the result f ∝ m
1.2
for m < 35 M
☉ and f ∝ m
-4 for m > 35 M
☉. This
appears to behave better than the popular log-normal mass
function. Surprisingly, such a simple and unique distribution can be
realized in our previously proposed mechanism of PBH formation,
where the black holes are formed by vacuum bubbles that nucleate
during inflation via quantum tunneling. Moreover, this mass
distribution can also provide an explanation to supermassive black
holes formed at high redshifts.
Reporting of Hospital Facility on Smartphone
Authors: Rusdi Jack Febrian , Salam Sazilah , Abu Nur Azman , Sunaryo Budi , Agustina Nova , Gusdevi Harya , Hermansah  , Hadhiwibowo Ari , Heryati Tuty , Hardi Richki , Taufiq Rohmat , Jufri Muhammad Taher , Sudarsono Ignatius , Utomo Eko Wahyu , Kodong Frans Richard , Fannya Puteri
Published: April 2021

In the context of achieving Good Corporate Governance (GCG) in hospitals, among others, it is carried out with control and supervision, including in the case of hospital facility maintenance installations. Besides that, the hospital needs to improve its services. The asset reporting system is one of the high needs in this field, so it requires a solution that can deal with existing problems. Unfortunately, the current reporting system so far is more likely to be conventional, such as by telephone. This study proposes a new solution to the hospital facility maintenance reporting process, namely by utilising smartphone-based applications that directly connected to the server. So, the information distributed to the competent parties. This solution can speed up the reporting process and actions. Also, save the historical equipment that is available from each service room — the results of this study used as a hospital facility maintenance reporting system.
Implementation of Business Intelligence in Data and Information for Student Admission Process in Mulia University
Authors: Mirwansyah Dedy , Riyayatsyah  , Sari Dewi Wulan
Published: April 2021

Mulia University is a private university that carries the slogan “Global Technopreneur Campus” with a total of 1631 students per August 2019. Mulia University has two campuses for learning support. The first one is Balikpapan Main Campus, and the other one is Samarinda Campus. The data to be used in this research is a prototype. Then, will be analyzed by Business Intelligent. Business intelligence is a series of processes to get information easily from large and complex data. In this research has been conducted two stages of analysis, which is data collection techniques and data analysis techniques on prospective student data. The application that is used in this research is Microsoft Power Business Intelligence. By using Microsoft Power Business Intelligent, it is expected to simplify the management of student admission reports, as well as decision making and to determine future strategies. The results of this research are data visualization information reports about student admission.
The Application of Smart Home System to Manage Electric Prepaid Type R1 KWH Meter Using Lattepanda Single Board Computer
Authors: Arifin Z , Safi’i M , Pamungkas W H , Servanda Y
Published: April 2021

The software industry encourages large investments in technology, researchers make a simple concept in the process of digitizing home electrical switches to save and optimize the time of use of electricity on any electronic devices that are connected to electricity. The making of the system has been designed with the electric switch countdown time activated so that the user can set the length of time the electricity is used as needed to save the prepaid electric pulse-type R1. Another capability of this electricity management software is that it can calculate the use of kilowatt-hour quickly based on the basic electricity tariff that educates for the importance of 1 kilowatt-hour. From the results of testing and developers using microprocessor technology using laser markers making smart home software can manage electricity savings precisely and easily on R1 prepaid electricity meters.
Conformity Between The Choices Of Entering Majors With Employment After Graduation At Non-Technology And Industrial Vocational Schools In Indonesia
Authors: Ariyani Linda Fauziyah , Pamungkas Alim Harun , Agung Pratama Chandra Bagus , Mintarti Widjaja Sri Umi , Wahyono Hari , Haryono Agung
Published: April 2021

The high open unemployment rate of vocational graduates in the two semesters of August 2018 and February 2019 is an anomaly, Indonesia government through presidential instruction No. 9 of 2016 concerning vocational revitalization which imposes four national development priorities on vocational education, they are Agriculture, maritime, tourism, and creative industries. Indonesia Ministry of Education also targets vocational graduates in Indonesia absorbed by industry. Non-technology and industrial vocational schools are an inseparable part of the four priorities of Indonesia’s national development mentioned earlier. This research tries to describe the problems that suffer from vocational schools, more specifically the relationship and appropriateness of the majors they choose with their work after graduation. This research with a sample of 1398 non-technology and industrial vocational high school, 629 alumni and 769 students. This research found 938 respondent who choose to study at non-technology and industrial vocational schools for reasons of interest, and only 283 alumni work according to their chosen majors, or only 45 percent. A more sad number was found in the overall sample, where only 55% percent of alumni were employed in accordance with their chosen majors. For this reason, revitalization of non-technology and industrial vocational schools in Indonesia is required.
Design and Implementation of Web Application for Attendance List of Lecturers Using Codeigniter and Bootstrap Framework
Authors: Jamal  , Yamani  , Mundzir  , Vidy  , Idris Nasruddin Bin , Rosita Isa , Gunawan
Published: April 2021

Creating web application using traditional programming has lots of obstacles and failures in its development due to the fact that not only it is very difficult to trace logically but also it is not well organize. To overcome this, the researchers have created a new technology in web programming using framework. In this research, we used codeigniter framework. We designed and implemented web application for attendance list of lecturers that teach at Mulia University in Balikpapan using codeigniter and bootstrap framework. This research has several steps: collecting data, process modeling, data modeling, program creating, and application testing. The application that was created is based on system design which has been made before and its result has been tested by lectures that teach the courses. The main features that have been resulted in this research is login system, courses, lectures, lecturers attendance list, and its report. The result of this research is lecturers attendance list system which design and implement web program using codeigniter and bootstrap framework and LTE admin easily and fastly. This attendance system hopefully will make all the process of attendance practical and easy.
An Approach to Elicit Trustworthiness Requirements in Blockchain technology
Authors: Alzahari S , Kamalrudin M
Published: April 2021

The leading Blockchain technology facilitates in many sectors including finance and healthcare. However, some technical challenges such as fraud and hacking arise may impact trust of users towards this technology. Requirement elicitation is one of requirement engineering activities to determine system requirements through discussion with stakeholders from documentation and underlying domain before executes it to development stage. The available methods for eliciting requirements, such as interviews and brainstorming are found to be time-consuming, and they fail to identify trustworthiness requirements. Further, eliciting requirements for Blockchain application is found to be challenging, as the properties of Blockchain application are different from the common technology. Moreover, the common elicitation practices are lacking on considering trust elements when eliciting requirements. Therefore, this research aims to propose a new automated elicitation approach which is a library for trust requirements of Blockchain application. A new trust taxonomy will be identified to classify and analyse the association between trust factors and its attributes. A proof concept prototype tool will be developed to realize the approach. Finally, this new approach is expected to enhance the acceptance of people towards application developed using Blockchain technology. Furthermore, this study will provide positive results in producing sustainable Blockchain application or software.
Naive Bayes Algorithm Implementation Based on Particle Swarm Optimization in Analyzing the Defect Product
Authors: Romli Ikhsan , Pardamean Toga , Butsianto Sufajar , Wiyatno Tri Ngudi , Mohamad Effendi bin
Published: April 2021

In the era of progressively more competitive industrial competition, especially in the manufacturing world, it is always required to develop the quality or quality of products and productivity. Each company is compete to win market share. One of the strategies carried out by the company is improving the quality of products and the production process conducted by the company. In the industrial world, product quality and productivity are the keys for success of the production process. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze data for defective products at PT Mane Indonesia with the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Naïve Bayes Classifier method. The accuracy results using the Naïve Bayes algorithm get a value of 84.38% and an AUC value of 0.953. The results of the PSO-based Naïve Bayes algorithm get a value of 88.62% and AUC value of 0.945. Based on the research which has been performed by using Naïve Bayes based on PSO, it developed a contribution rate of 5,02% in predicting the defected products.
Bifurcation analysis of liquid films over low wettability surfaces
Authors: Suzzi Nicola , Croce Giulio
Published: April 2021

Thin liquid layer evolution over a solid substrate and film instability phenomena are involved in a number of engineering applications: in chemical absorption through structured packing, the corrugated sheets are covered by the liquid solvent, offering an enhanced interface surface between the solvent and the gas solute; in coating process, the liquid pattern influences the resulting coating quality; in condensation over finned dehumidifier, heat transfer performances are influenced by the evolving liquid layer, which may arrange as a droplets population or an ensemble of rivulets. Here, the evolution of a liquid layer flowing down an inclined plate bounded by lateral walls, which is the simplest configuration describing hydrodynamics inside structured packing, is numerically investigated. An in-house code, previously developed and largely validated in case of film instability and rivulet buildup, is used in order to solve governing lubrication equations. The full implementation of capillary pressure allows to simulate contact angles up to 60°. Film break is observed due to instability induced by lateral walls, if the imposed liquid flow rate exceeds a critical value, leading to the formation of a rivulet pattern. Fixing the size of the investigated physical domain, the number of observed rivulets, which strongly influences the resulting wetted area, is traced as a function of the flow characteristics (identified by the Bond number), the substrate wettability and the liquid properties; the corresponding bifurcation diagram is presented.
Multi-scale performance evaluation of ejector refrigeration systems
Authors: Besagni Giorgio , Croci Lorenzo , Cristiani Nicolò , Inzoli Fabio , Guédon Gaël Raymond
Published: April 2021

Despite the many advantages, ejector refrigeration systems have not been able to penetrate the market because of two prevailing reasons: low coefficient of performance and relevant influence of ejector operation on the performance of the whole system. Indeed, the performance of ejector refrigeration systems depends on the local flow phenomena occurring within the ejector. Thus, improving the performance of ejector refrigeration systems relies on the understanding of the fluid dynamic phenomena at the “component-scale” and on integrating such information at the “system-scale”. This paper contributes to the present discussion regarding the multi-scale modeling of ejector-based systems by proposing an integrated Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) - Lumped Parameter Model (LPM) ejector refrigeration system. In particular, ejector performances have been obtained by a validated CFD approach, whereas a LPM approach has modeled the refrigeration cycle. The refrigeration system’s performances, for different boundary conditions, have been evaluated, and the effects of the “local-scale” on the “system-scale” have been commented.
Numerical Investigation on the Thermal Control of Lithium Batteries for Electric Cars Using Metal Foams and Phase Change Materials
Authors: Buonomo B , Manca O , Menale F , Nardini S
Published: April 2021

Electric cars, in addition to representing an ecological solution for the serious problems of climate pollution due to the use of fossil fuels, can also represent a turning point in terms of renewal for the world economy with a product that in a short future will become a standard in all the advanced economies of the globe. One of the main problems of electric cars is given by the thermal control of their batteries, since, below and above a certain temperature range and also with the use of the air conditioning, they abruptly decrease the autonomy of the vehicle, creating inconvenience to the owners of such cars. The thermal control of lithium batteries for electric cars must therefore take into account both the problems of thermal increase due to the functioning of the battery itself, and the climatic conditions outside the vehicle which impact, if above a certain range, negatively on the performance of the automobile, decreasing both the autonomy and the battery life. In this study, an attempt is made to control both thermal aspects by trying to thermally isolate the battery from the vehicle’s external climate and by trying to control the temperature peaks due to the operation of the battery itself. For this purpose, in this study a two-dimensional model is considered to investigate numerically the thermal control of a lithium battery of a commercial electric car. The battery has the size of 8 cm x 31 cm x 67 cm and its capacity is equal to 232 Ah with 5.3 kWh. The thermal control is realized by means one internal layer of copper foam and paraffin, placed around the battery, and a more external paraffin layer. The external surfaces are cooled by an air flow. The governing equations are solved by finite volume method using the commercial code Ansys-Fluent. Different cases are simulated for different thickness of the two layers and air flow velocity. The results, carried out for metal foam with different PPIs and porosities, are given in terms of temperature and liquid fraction fields, heat transfer behaviors such as surface temperature profiles as a function of time and temperature distributions along the external surface of battery for the different cases.
Parametric CFD analysis of the setting data on evaluation of the Safe Egress conditions in case of fire using FDS
Authors: Assunta Andreozzi , Nicola Bianco , Marilena Musto , Giuseppe Rotondo
Published: April 2021

The CFD simulation allows to simulate fire scenario to evaluate parameters influencing Safe Egress. The essential prerequisites to CFD simulations to assure realistic fire conditions of high quality and reliability are the knowledge of fire parameters, such as ignition time and Heat Release Rate of the items involved in the combustion process. Sometimes, the thermo dynamical parameters such as density, thermal conductivity, thermal capacity are not well known or although experimentally measured they are affected by an uncertainty interval; this means that there is a range of values which can influence, significantly, the ignition time and HRR of the combustible materials. The main aim of the present work is to evaluate, by means CFD case study, the influence of uncertainties of input data on the evaluation of environmental conditions for the public building Safe Egress.
Direct steam condensation at sub-atmospheric pressure: experimental tests and similitude analysis
Authors: Pesetti A , Marini A , Giambartolomei G , Lazzeri R , Raucci M , Sarkar B , Olcese M , Aquaro D
Published: April 2021

This paper deals with experimental and theoretical analyses of the steam direct condensation at sub-atmospheric pressure. These operation conditions occur in the Vacuum Vessel Pressure Suppression System (VVPSS) of ITER Nuclear Fusion Reactor. This safety system permits to manage the Ingress of Coolant Event (ICE cat. IV) accident condition, postulated to occur in the ITER Vacuum Vessel (VV) as a consequence of the rupture of the shielding blanket cooling piping or the rupture of the divertor cassette piping.

Experimental tests of steam direct condensation at sub-atmospheric pressures in a 1:22 scale facility were performed at the laboratory Guerrini of DICI-University of Pisa. Presently a full-scale facility is being building at DICI. This paper illustrates the similitude analysis elaborated to scale up the experimental results obtained in the reduced scale facility. The main variables which influence the steam direct condensation were analyzed and the relative scale laws determined. CFD numerical simulations of direct steam condensation in the actual geometry and in a vessel of equal volume permitted to verify some of the assumptions on which the scale laws are based. Scaling studies were first performed in order to calculate the transient of steam mass flow rate occurring during the ICE IV event in the scale apparatus, starting from the thermal hydraulic studies performed at ITER and successfully compared with the experimental results carried out in scaled apparatus. This confirmed the suitability of scale laws and in the same time the capability of the VVPSS to condense the injected steam at sub-atmospheric pressure, matching the safety goal to reduce the system pressurization.
A 0D-3D approach for numerical analysis of waste to energy plants: a case study
Authors: Arpino F. , Cortellessa G. , Canale L. , Dell’Isola M. , Ficco G. , Moretti L. , Zuena F. , Rinaldi F.
Published: April 2021

In this paper the authors present a 0D-3D approach for numerical modelling of a waste-to-energy plant located in Italy in different operating conditions. This innovative methodology combines a 0D lumped parameters model, able to describe the processes of solid and gaseous combustion and the heat transfer within the first radiant channel, with a detailed 3D CFD simulation of the thermo-fluid-dynamic field within the plant combustion chamber. Results from the 0D model allow the definition of input data and boundary conditions for detailed 3D CFD simulation of the thermo-fluid-dynamic field within the plant combustion chamber. In this way, the T2S temperature can be determined according to actual definition of European legislation. The developed numerical tool is generally applicable to any waste-to-energy plant, and is here applied for the characterization of different operating conditions of an Italian WTE plant. The analysis allows the verification of the constraints imposed by the European legislation on the temperature of the combustion products and the identification of any issues related to the plant operation. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed numerical modelling approach, in this paper the authors present and discuss the results obtained by applying the model to one day-averaged operating condition of a WTE plant in Italy. Input parameters are obtained from available measurements and numerical results are validated against experiments showing a good agreement. Data and results in this paper are presented in a normalized form for confidentiality.
Vertex operator superalgebras and the 16-fold way
Authors: Dong Chongying , Ng Siu-Hung , Ren Li
Published: April 2021

Let

V
V

be a vertex operator superalgebra with the natural order 2 automorphism

σ
\sigma

. Under suitable conditions on

V
V

, the

σ
\sigma

-fixed subspace

V

0
¯

V_{\bar 0}

is a vertex operator algebra and the

V

0
¯

V_{\bar 0}

-module category

C

V

0
¯

\mathcal {C}_{V_{\bar 0}}

is a modular tensor category. In this paper, we prove that

C

V

0
¯

\mathcal {C}_{V_{\bar 0}}

is a fermionic modular tensor category and the Müger centralizer

C

V

0
¯

0

\mathcal {C}_{V_{\bar 0}}^0

of the fermion in

C

V

0
¯

\mathcal {C}_{V_{\bar 0}}

is generated by the irreducible

V

0
¯

V_{\bar 0}

-submodules of the

V
V

-modules. In particular,

C

V

0
¯

0

\mathcal {C}_{V_{\bar 0}}^0

is a super-modular tensor category and

C

V

0
¯

\mathcal {C}_{V_{\bar 0}}

is a minimal modular extension of

C

V

0
¯

0

\mathcal {C}_{V_{\bar 0}}^0

. We provide a construction of a vertex operator superalgebra

V
l

V^l

for each positive integer

l
l

such that

C

(

V
l

)

0
¯

\mathcal {C}_{{(V^l)_{\bar 0}}}

is a minimal modular extension of

C

V

0
¯

0

\mathcal {C}_{V_{\bar 0}}^0

. We prove that these modular tensor categories

C

(

V
l

)

0
¯

\mathcal {C}_{{(V^l)_{\bar 0}}}

are uniquely determined, up to equivalence, by the congruence class of

l
l

modulo 16.
Effects of Telmisartan on Myocardial Protein Profiles in Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Feng Yu , Zhou Man-li , Wang Jian-zhang , Zhang Jia-qi , Qian Shu-le , Jian Wei-xiong
Published: April 2021

Background

To investigate the effects of telmisartan on the protein profiles of the left ventricular myocardium in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR).

Methods

Sixteen SHR were randomly divided into control and telmisartan treatment groups. Rats were treated with sterile water (10 ml/kg) or telmisartan (4.33 mg/kg) by gavage for 12 weeks. Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats treated with sterile water (10 ml/kg) as controls. At the end of 12 weeks of control or telmisartan treatment, rats were sacrificed, and hearts were collected for protein preparations, isotope labeling, and mass spectrometric analysis.

Results

In total, there were 23 differentially expressed proteins in the left ventricular myocardium between control and telmisartan treatment groups in SHR. Compared with the telmisartan group, the upregulated proteins in the SHR were dual-specificity mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 3-like, transgelin, and haptoglobin subtype 2. The downregulated proteins in the SHR were as follows: von Willebrand factor (fragment), kininogen 1, small ribonucleoprotein-related protein, fibrinogen beta chain, protein mass 3 (fragment), proteasome 26s, heat shock protein 27-related protein 1, tenascin X, fibronectin subtype 2, transferrin receptor protein, platelets 1, cathepsin L1, complement factor B, isoform CRA_b, fibrinogen isomer, immunoglobulin heavy chain (γ polypeptide), and α 1 antiprotease.

Conclusions

Telmisartan differentially regulates myocardial protein expression in hypertensive rats including heat shock protein 27, fibrinogen, fibronectin, proteasome 26s, and transgelin, as well as proteins in biochemical, metabolic, and signal transduction pathways. These changes in protein expression may contribute to the antihypertrophic effects of telmisartan in hypertension.
Arabinogalactan in the side chain of pectin from persimmon is involved in the interaction with small intestinal epithelial cells
Authors: Gotoh Saki , Naka Tomomi , Kitaguchi Kohji , Yabe Tomio
Published: April 2021

Pectin in Diospyros kaki (persimmon) is a complex polysaccharide and is classified as a dietary fiber. Pectin is characterized by the presence of side chains of neutral sugars, such as galactose residues; however, the structure and properties of these sugars vary greatly depending on the plant species from which it is derived. Here, we report the structural features of pectin extracted from persimmon. The polysaccharide was low-methoxy pectin with a degree of methyl esterification <50% and ratio of side chain galactan to arabinan in the rhamnogalacturonan-I region of pectin of 3-20. To investigate the physiological function of pectin from persimmon, we performed a coculture assay using Caco-2 cells. As a result, it was shown that the proliferation of undifferentiated Caco-2 cells was promoted, and further, the importance of arabinogalactan among the pectin structures was shown.
Diverse relationships between metal ions and the ribosome
Authors: Akanuma Genki
Published: April 2021

The ribosome requires metal ions for structural stability and translational activity. These metal ions are important for stabilizing the secondary structure of ribosomal RNA, binding of ribosomal proteins to the ribosome, and for interaction of ribosomal subunits. In this review, various relationships between ribosomes and metal ions, especially Mg2+ and Zn2+, are presented. Mg2+ regulates gene expression by modulating the translational stability and synthesis of ribosomes, which in turn contribute to the cellular homeostasis of Mg2+. In addition, Mg2+ can partly complement the function of ribosomal proteins. Conversely, a reduction in the cellular concentration of Zn2+ induces replacement of ribosomal proteins, which mobilizes free-Zn2+ in the cell and represses translation activity. Evolutional relationships between these metal ions and the ribosome are also discussed.
Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of Lacto-N-biose I catalyzed by β-1,3-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans using 4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl β-galactopyranoside as a glycosyl donor
Authors: Ohnuma Takayuki , Taku Tomoki , Nagatani Takeshi , Horii Atsushi , Imaoka Shun , Tanaka Tomonari
Published: April 2021

Chemo-enzymatic synthesis of lacto-N-biose I (LNB) catalyzed by β-1,3-galactosidase from Bacillus circulans (BgaC) has been developed using 4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl β-galactopyranoside (DMT-β-Gal) and GlcNAc as the donor and acceptor substrates, respectively. BgaC transferred the Gal moiety to the acceptor, giving rise to LNB. The maximum yield of LNB was obtained at the acceptor : donor substrate ratio of 1:30.
MUTANT ENRICHMENT IN THE COLONIAL ALGA, EUDORINA ELEGANS
Authors: Toby A L , Kemp C L
Published: April 2021

An enrichment procedure has been developed that results in at least a 200× increase in mutation frequency in the colonial alga, Eudorina elegans. A period of nitrogen starvation followed by treatment with 8-azaguanine results in the death of wild-type cells and the maintenance of mutants. N′-nitro-N-nitro-soguanidine-induced acetate, p-aminobenzoic acid and reduced nitrogen requiring mutants have been isolated by this procedure.
INTERPRETATION OF DATA OBTAINED WITH RECOMBINATION-DEFECTIVE MEIOTIC MUTANTS
Authors: Valentin Jack , Ståhl Gunnar
Published: April 2021

According to probability laws, additive interaction between factors influencing recombination frequency suggests that the factors affect the same event. This analysis, applied to Carpenter and Sandler's (1974) data, permits separation of different sequential events during establishment of preconditions for exchange. The validity of another mathematical model for meiotic mutant characterization, suggested by those authors, is discussed.
SELECTION FOR ANNUAL GROWTH CURVES IN NICOTIANA TABACUM L
Authors: Namkoong G , Matzinger D F
Published: April 2021

The cumulative growth of a plant is the result of interrelated processes, and response to selection for changes in the annual growth curve requires many physiological adjustments. Selection to modify the entire annual growth curve may therefore not be as effective as linear models may predict. Periodic growth of a population of Nicotiana tabacum L. was estimated to have heritabilities increasing from 7% up to 31% for successive heights, with positive genetic and phenotypic correlations among all periods. Two selection experiments on this population indicate the difficulties of using simple index selection to raise the entire growth curve. A selection index of eight periodic heights resulted in a gain in all periods for the first cycle of selection but mixed losses and gains in subsequent cycles for a small net gain after four cycles of selection. A selection index of three parameters of a nonlinear height growth function resulted in a consistent change in the growth curves over the four cycles of selection but a net loss in early growth and a large net gain in late-season growth.
RIBOSOMAL DNA IN A NUCLEAR SATELLITE OF TOMATO
Authors: Chilton Mary-Dell
Published: April 2021

A satellite DNA of buoyant density 1.704 constitutes approximately 5%–6% of nuclear DNA isolated from cherry tomato leaves. Isolated satellite DNA exhibits a multi-component melting profile. Kinetic complexity measurements indicate that 37% of the satellite consists of repeating units of 105 daltons, and 48% of it consists of repeating units of 5.5 × 106 daltons. The latter component is identified as DNA coding for ribosomal RNA on the basis of its buoyant density, kinetic complexity, and abundance in nuclear DNA, 3.2% as determined by saturation hybridization measurements. Saturation studies show that the more rapidly reassociating component of the satellite does not code for 5S RNA. The question of genetic linkage between satellite components is not resolved by this study.
MAPPING AND GENE CONVERSION STUDIES WITH THE STRUCTURAL GENE FOR ISO-1-CYTOCHROME C IN YEAST
Authors: Lawrence Christopher W , Sherman Fred , Jackson Mary , Gilmore Richard A
Published: April 2021

We have investigated the order of the four genes cyc1, rad7, SUP4, and cdc8 which form a tightly linked cluster on the right arm of chromosome X in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Crossing over and coconversion data from tetrad analysis established the gene order to be centromere–cyc1–rad7–SUP4. Also cdc8 appeared to be distal to SUP4 on the basis of crossovers that were associated with conversion of SUP4. The frequencies of recombination and the occurrence of coconversions suggest that these four genes are contiguous or at least nearly so. Gene-conversion frequencies for several cyc1 alleles were studied, including cyc1–1, a deletion of the whole gene that extends into the rad7 locus. The cyc1–1 deletion was found to be capable of conversion, though at a frequency some fivefold less than the other alleles studied, and both 3:1 and 1:3 events were detected. In general 1:3 and 3:1 conversion events were equally frequent at all loci studied, and approximately 50% of conversions were accompanied by reciprocal recombination for flanking markers. The orientation of the cyc1 gene could not be clearly deduced from the behavior of the distal marker SUP4 in wild-type recombinants that arose from diploids heteroallelic for cyc1 mutations.
MULTILOCUS BEHAVIOR IN RANDOM ENVIRONMENTS I. RANDOM LEVENE MODELS
Authors: Gillespie John , Langley Charles
Published: April 2021

In this paper the consequences of natural selection acting on several loci simultaneously in a spatially fluctuating environment are described. The fitnesses of the genotypes are assumed to be additive both within and between loci. The environment is assumed to be made up of a very large (effectively infinite) number of patches in which fitnesses are assigned at random. The resulting deterministic model is called a Random Levene Model and its properties are approximated by a system of differential equations. The main equilibrium properties are that (1) the linkage disequilibrium is zero and (2) the correlations in fitnesses between alleles at different loci are the principle determinants of the dynamic inter-locus interactions. Although there is no epistasis as conventionally defined, the equilibrium state at the two loci are highly interdependent, the governing principle being that two alleles at different loci whose fitness are negatively correlated across environments have a higher overall fitness due to the reduction in their variance in fitness through the negative correlation. When a large number of loci are considered, they naturally fall into correlation groupings which lead to an enhanced likelihood for polymorphism over that predicted by single-locus theory.
LINKAGE ANALYSIS OF THE MULTILOCUS GLUCOSEPHOSPHATE ISOMERASE ISOZYME SYSTEM IN SUNFISH (CENTRARCHIDAE, TELEOSTII)
Authors: Whitt Gregory S , Childers William F , Shaklee James B , Matsumoto Janet
Published: April 2021

The purpose of the present investigation is to determine whether the two duplicated glucosephosphate isomerase (EC 5.3.1.9) loci Gpi-A and Gpi-B reside on the same chromosome in teleostean fishes. Interspecific sunfish hybrids were employed for the cross because of the different species-specific electrophoretic mobilities of the allelic isozymes at each GPI locus and because of their genomic compatibility. F1 sunfish hybrids, formed from a male warmouth (Lepomis gulosus) × female green sunfish (L. cyanellus) cross, were mated to form the F2 generation. The number of each of the nine different isozyme phenotypes, revealed by starch gel electrophoresis, was determined using 256 F2 individuals. The high frequency of recombinant phenotypes in the F2 generation indicated that the two GPI loci are not linked. An excess of F2 individuals heterozygous at both loci was observed and is interpreted as being caused by heterosis. The absence of linkage for the homologous loci encoding GPI subunits and for other multilocus isozyme systems is consistent with the postulate that the genomes of present-day vertebrates arose through one or more polyploidization events early in vertebrate evolution.
EVOLUTION OF EXPERIMENTAL "MUTATOR" POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER
Authors: Benado Moritz B , Ayala Francisco J , Green Melvin M
Published: April 2021

The theory of evolution predicts that the rate of adaptation of a population is a function of the amount of genetic variation present in the population. This has been experimentally demonstrated in Drosophila populations in which genetic variability was increased either by mass hybridization of two gene pools, or by X-irradiation.—Mutator genes increase the spontaneous mutation rates of their carriers. We have now studied the effects of a third-chromosome mutator gene, mt, on the rate of adaptation of laboratory populations. Initially, experimental and control populations had similar genetic constitutions except for the presence or absence of the mt gene. The populations were maintained for 20–25 generations by "serial transfer" under conditions of very intense selection.—The number of flies produced per unit time remained constant throughout the experiment in the experimental as well as in the control populations. However, in the mutator-carrying populations the average longevity of the flies (and consequently the average population size) gradually decreased. Under the experimental conditions natural selection is unable to counteract completely the increased input of deleterious mutations due to the mt gene.