bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectivity of Bacterial Suspension Bacillus thuringiensis Var Israelensis in Killing Aedes aegypti L. Mosquito Larvae
Authors: Sukesi Tri Wahyuni , Sulistyawati - , Hendrawati Eva , Mulasari Surahma Asti
Published: September 2019

Objective: Dengue hemorrhagic fever is a disease transmitted by the mosquito Aedes aegypti. Prevention of transmission of this disease one of which is the chemical control with temefos, but the use of sustainable temefos can cause insect resistance and environmental damage. Therefore we need an effective and safe alternative to larvicide, the suspension of Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis.

Methods: This study used a type of true experimental research design with posttest only control group design. Samples used in this study are the third instar larvae of Aedes aegypti. Concentrations used in this study were a 0.01%; Of 0.02%; Of 0.03%; 0:04% and 0.05% by the number of 25 larvae per treatment and 3 times replication.

Results: Based on the Kruskal Walls obtained a value of 0.009> 0.05 means there is a stock mortality of larvae using a suspension of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis, temefos and distilled. Test Mann Whitney showed that among the positive control (temefos a 0.01%) and negative control (distilled water) there are differences in the number of larvae mortality significantly, the positive control treatment with no significant difference, and between negative control and treatments armpits there are differences in the number of deaths larvae significant. The LC50 value obtained was 0.010% and the LT50 value obtained was 2,683 hours.

Conclusions: The suspension of bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis is effective in killing the larvae of Aedes aegypti with LC50 values of 0.0105 and LT50 values on the clock to 2.683.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.706-710
Single blinded in-vitro study comparing microleakage between CAD/CAM crowns milled out of feldspathic ceramic and resin nano ceramic, cemented with three resin cements
Authors: Fard Asa Yazdani , Ab Ghani Zuryati , Ariffin Zaihan , Mohamad Dasmawati
Published: September 2019

Background: Studies on microleakage of Computer-Aided Design/Computer-Aided Manufacturing (CAD/CAM) crowns are abundant. However many of them are inconclusive, especially those using self adhesive cements.

Aims: To compare the microleakage between CAD/CAM crowns milled out of feldspathic ceramic and resin nano ceramics, cemented with three resin cements.

Materials and Methods: Crown preparation was made on 54 extracted human premolars. Impressions were captured optically using CEREC 3D machine intraoral camera, and crowns were milled from feldspathic ceramic (CEREC® Blocs PC, VITA) and resin nano ceramic (Lava™ Ultimate CAD/CAM Restorative, 3M ESPE) blocks. The crowns were then cemented with three cements (n = 9); RelyX™ U200 Self-Adhesive Resin Cement (3M ESPE); NX3 Nexus ® cement with two-step etch-and-rinse adhesive (Kerr Corporation) or three/multistep etch-and-rinse resin cement, Variolink® II/Syntac Classic (Ivoclar Vivadent). The specimens were kept in water for 24 hours, thermocycled, and then soaked in methylene blue dye for 24 hours, before being sectioned mesiodistally. Microleakage was assessed using a fivepoint scale using stereomicroscope. Statistical analysis of the data was carried out using ONEWay ANOVA.

Results: CEREC® Blocs PC crowns showed significantly less microleakage (p< 0.001) compared to Lava™ Ultimate. RelyX™ U200 showed significantly lower microleakage (p< 0.001) compared to other cements. Combination of Lava™ Ultimate crown cemented with RelyX™ U200 showed the least microleakage (p< 0.001).

Conclusions: The microleakage scores were affected by the types of crown and cements.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.764-772
A study on evaluation of solitary nodular thyroid lesions by FNAC and its histopathological correlation
Authors: Karim Md Iqbal , Nachev Rosen , Fuklev Nikolay , Nargis Nazlima
Published: September 2019

Background: Solitary nodular enlargement of thyroid is one of the common indications for surgical excision. Since most of the nodules are benign, symptomless, normal thyroid hormone profile, they do not require excision. This study was done to evaluate the utility of FNAC as a rapid diagnostic method in various thyroid lesions and guide the clinician for further treatment.

Objective: This main objective of the study to evaluate the cyto-histopathological findings, and the accuracy of fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) procedure in solitary nodular thyroid lesions.

Materials and Methods: This prospective study comprises total 160 cases with thyroid lesions referred to cytopathology laboratory and gland morphology studied by ultrasonography (USG). Based on ultrasonography report Fine Needle Aspiration were done manually or guided and aspirated material fixed on fixative and stained to examine.

Results: Age incidence varied from 10-80 yrs. The commonest age group affected was 21-40 yrs. The ratio of male to female was 1:2.2. The duration of symptoms ranged from 10 days to 15 years. Maximum number of cases presented with midline swelling of the neck. On cytology 52 (32.5%) cases were diagnosed as colloid goiter, 46 (28.75%) as colloid goiter with cystic change, 16(10%) as thyroiditis - among them 6(3.75%) as granulomatous thyroiditis, 8(5%) as lymphocytic thyroiditis, 2(1.25%) as dequervain thyroiditis, 10 (6.25%) as follicular neoplasm, 2(1.25%) as hurthle cell adenoma, 5(3.3%) as papillary carcinoma, 2 (1.25%) as medullary carcinoma, 1(0.33%) anaplastic carcinoma and 1(0.33%) NHL as suspicious smear. Histopathological examination was possible in 60 cases. The overall sensitivity was 90.2%, specificity was 98.2% and accuracy was 97.1%.

Conclusion: FNAC is a rapid, efficient, cost-effective, relatively painless procedure and produces a early result with a high diagnostic accuracy. It has high rates of sensitivity and specificity to diagnose the solitary thyroid lesions and thereby it is an important diagnostic tool and further management of patients with thyroid lesions.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.789-795
Situation Awareness of Cough etiquettes of Hospital Security personnel and Janitors
Authors: Kusbaryanto - , Listiowati Ekorini
Published: September 2019

Background: Nosocomial infection is a major problem in hospitals around the world. To minimize the risk of infection in hospitals and other healthcare facilities, cough etiquette has to be applied. Thus, good situation awareness and the understanding why cough etiquette is important are necessary. The purpose of this study was to find out the effective education on cough etiquette on hospital security personnel’s and janitors’ situation awareness on cough etiquette.

Methodology: This research study followed quasy experimental design with pretest and post test control group design. The sampling technique was purposive sampling involving 24 respondents for experimental group and 27 respondents for the control group. The analysis of the data employed Wilcoxon test and it employed Mann Whitney test to find out the difference of independent variable medians. Questionnaires were used to gather data collection.

Results: The result of the analysis presented a mean of 97,7 on the post-test of control group and a mean of 116,3 on the post-test of treatment group. Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney tests resulted p = 0,001 (< 0,05), which meant there were significant differences.

Conclusion: Education on cough etiquette is effective to raise hospital security personnel and the janitors’ awareness on cough etiquette.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.814-817
Naturally Occurring ‘enzyme only’ Anti-E antibody: A Rare Occurrence
Authors: Yousuf Rabeya , Thalith Nor Fadzliana Abdullah , Loong Tang Yee , Leong Chooi Fun
Published: September 2019

Naturally occurring anti-E, present without obvious antigenic stimulation is a rare occurrence of red cell antibody of the Rh blood group system. It is mentioned that such naturally occurring anti-E react only with enzyme modified E-positive red cells. This case report describes a rare case of naturally occurring anti-E in a patient with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA).

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.818-819
It was inhaled not swallowed-Neglected 5 month foreign body airway
Authors: R Senthilraj , S Amarpreet , S Periyathamby , NFH Nik Hassan
Published: September 2019

A delayed detection of foreign body airway implicated high morbidity. The longer duration of the foreign body in the lung can lead to a more sinister complication. A radiolucent foreign body, non organic foreign body and unwitnessed foreign body ingestion contribute significantly to the delay in the diagnosis of foreign body aspiration. We report a case of an undiagnosed radio opaque foreign body in the right bronchus for five months in a 8-year-old child, which the onset of foreign body ingestion was witnessed by parents. Eventually he presented with pneumonia and atelectasis.

Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.18(4) 2019 p.820-822
Psychological help for patients with dermatological disorders and chronic itching
Authors: Yaremkevych R.
Published: September 2019

Somatic diseases are the cause of physical and psychological distress, which necessitates the study of factors affecting on adaptation patients to the disease and its treatment.Materials and methods. At medical center “Asklepiy”during 2016-2018 years, observed 134 patients with dermatologicaldisorderswith chronic itching, divided on groups according the level intensity of symptom. A package of psychodiagnostics techniques was used to assess the psychological status of the subjects.Results. Targets of psychological help in psycho-emotional sphere in patients with chronic itching include anxious-depressive symptoms, somatization, hypochondria, decreased mental productivity, insomnia, high levels of aggressiveness, hostility, alexithimia, in behavior patterns – ineffective coping and psychological defense mechanisms, in the psychosocial sphere – problems in interpersonal relations and perception of social support.

Conclusions. Patients with dermatological pathology with chronic itching require implementing psychological help based on a comprehensive differentiated approach.
Sources of Panteleimon Kulish’s Views on Translation
Authors: Шмігер Тарас
Published: September 2019

Panteleimon Kulish’s views on translation were based on his own experience of translations and shaped under the inﬂ uence of contemporary Ukrainian translation practice and scholarly thought (observations by H. Kvitka-Osnovianenko, P. Hulak-Artemovskyi, Ya. Holovatskyi, and M. Maksymovych; biblical texts in translation of P. Hulak-Artemovskyi, M. Maksymovych, V. Aleksandrov, and P. Morachevskyi), as well as the German translation studies (ideas of J. Herder, W. Humboldt, F.Schleiermacher, and A. Schlegel). The Ukrainian critic’s understanding corresponds to the views of other Slavonic authors: some Czech critics considered translation as a signiﬁcant power for creating a new literature and nation and saw the roots of this strength in the language, but more detailed criteria for evaluating translation quality weren’t discussed yet; Russian researchers emphasized the signiﬁcance of the author’s approach for the correct translation of his/her writings. P. Kulish considered the problems of reproducing the identity of the text much deeper, drawing attention to what makes any translation a different literary work and how the text may or should be modiﬁed with respect to the speciﬁc features of the reader’s perception. In terms of translation studies of the time, P. Kulish regarded the “poetic spirit and composition” of the text as the main criteria of the equivalent translation. However, the term ‘composition’ does not only designate the formal structure of a text. It is related to the concept that the form is shaped by the language and speciﬁc lingual means as well.  P. Kulish was aware of the semantic problems of translation, but available linguistic knowledge of the time didn’t offer proper terms for their description. In addition, P. Kulish was actually one of the ﬁrst (if not the ﬁrst) to introduce into Ukrainian translation studies the term ‘untranslatable’, which became very popular in the theoretical and critical discussions of the 20th century.
Digital Social Futures Research
Authors: Pink Sarah
Published: September 2019

Social research is almost inevitably digital: in its subject matter because the digital, social and material dimensions of our worlds and lives are now inseparably entangled; and in its methods as our research techniques and encounters are, even if indirectly, implicated with digital technologies, platforms and practices. Social scientific renderings of digital technologies and media and everyday life propose a range of discipline-specific ways of understanding this relationship between the online/offline and digital/material, and a large and growing literature about digital methods and practice for research and its dissemination. The new challenge is to advance from this strong base of critical research and scholarship within the social sciences and humanities, in two ways. First towards interdisciplinary interventions that will bring theory, methods and concepts into dialogue with technology and design disciplines, and policy and industry agendas; and second to engage with emerging digital technologies and communication, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning, and Automated Decision Making (ADM), and the new socialities, everyday life practices and business models associated with these technological possibilities.
Hacking Social Science for the Age of Datafication
Authors: Lindgren Simon
Published: September 2019

The ongoing and intensifying datafication of our societies poses huge challenges as well as opportunities for social science to rethink core elements of its research enterprise. Prominently, there is a pressing need to move beyond the long-standing qualitative/quantitative divide. This paper is an argument towards developing a critical science of data, by bringing together the interpretive theoretical and ethical sensibilities of social science with the predictive and prognostic powers of data science and computational methods. I argue that the renegotiation of theories and research methods that must be made in order for them to be more relevant and useful, can be fruitfully understood through the metaphor of hacking social science: developing creative ways of exploiting existing tools in alternative and unexpected ways to solve problems
Визначення захисника в кримінальному процесуальному законодавстві Федеративної Республіки Німеччини та України
Authors: Крайник Г. С. , Дунаєва Т. Є.
Published: September 2019

У статті розглянуто актуальні питання дослідження визначення захисника в КПК ФРН та України. Обгрунтовано, що в КПК України, який набув чинності після прийняття Рішень Конституційного Суду України, не враховано положень цих рішень, що не лише їм суперечить, але й суттєво обмежує доступ до правосуддя, зокрема, право людини на надання їй кваліфікованої професійної правничої допомоги викладачами вищих навчальних закладів та науковими співробітниками, які не є науково-педагогічними працівниками (докторами або кандидатами наук) з відповідної спеціальності та не є адвокатами. Виснувано, що з урахуванням досвіду ФРН щодо забезпечення прав людини і  основоположних свобод та адаптацією кримінального процесуального законодавства до законодавства країн ЄС доцільно внести до вітчизняного законодавства можливість надання потерпілому, підозрюваному, обвинуваченому і підсудному кваліфікованої професійної правничої допомоги не лише адвокатами, але й викладачами вищих навчальних закладів та науковими співробітниками, які не є науково-педагогічними працівниками (докторам або кандидатам наук) звідповідної спеціальності, які не є адвокатами.
Проблемні питання вдосконалення правових та процесуальних гарантій прав потерпілих на стадії досудового розслідування
Authors: Мартовицька О. В.
Published: September 2019

У статті розглянуто основні тенденції наукового дослідження з питань правових і процесуальних гарантій прав потерпілих на стадії досудового розслідування. З’ясовано, що незважаючи на певну кількість новел, запроваджених у КПК України 2012 року з удосконалення захисту прав окремих учасників кримінального провадження, є невирішеними проблемні питання, зокрема стосовно захисту прав потерпілого в кримінальному провадженні. Указане відображено в проведеному дослідженні.
Омана правоохоронних органів особою про вчинення статевого злочину стосовно неї – проблема сучасності
Authors: Шахова К. В.
Published: September 2019

У статті розглянуто проблематику протидії злочинам проти статевої свободи та статевої недоторканості особи, зокрема сучасної тенденції обмовляння особи про вчинення стосовно неї окресленого злочину. Проаналізовано окремі факти вчинення таких наклепів, визначено типові мотиви такої злочинної  діяльності та можливі наслідки. Запропоновано перелік дій працівників поліції щодо встановлення омани правоохоронних органів про вчинення статевого злочину та обґрунтовано проведення окремих заходів.
Поняття «розумні строки» в адміністративному судочинстві
Authors: Берназюк Я. О.
Published: September 2019

Статтю присвячено розкриттю змісту та юридичної природи поняття «розумні строки» в адміністративному судочинстві. На підставі дослідження наукових концепцій у цій сфері, огляду вітчизняної судової практики та практики Європейського Суду з прав людини визначено критерії розумності строків в адміністративному судочинстві. З’ясовано значення дотримання судом критеріїв розумності строків під час розгляду адміністративних справ.
Давньогрецькі витоки ідеї природного права
Authors: Красовський К. Ю.
Published: September 2019

Статтю присвячено пошукам витоків ідеї природного права в працях мислителів Давньої Греції. Особливий акцент зроблено на доробках Сократа, Платона та Аристотеля. Зазначено можливий вектор використання природно-правових оглядів у сучасній системі праводержавотворення України.
Захист прав людини в адміністративному судочинстві Німеччини: досвід для України
Authors: Чумак В. В. , Цебинога В. Ю.
Published: September 2019

У статті проаналізовано сучасну модель адміністративної юстиції в Німеччині. Визначено та охарактеризовано систему судоустрою Німеччини, а також основні засади здійснення адміністративного судочинства. Розкрито компетенцію адміністративних судів, що полягає у вирішенні публічно-правовихспорів. Досліджено механізм реалізації права на мирні зібрання та його охорона в порядку адміністративного судочинства в Німеччині.
Завдання та функції оперативних підрозділів у сфері протидії злочинам, що вчиняються молоддю
Authors: Бабакін В. М.
Published: September 2019

У статті розглянуто окремі аспекти виконання завдань та функцій оперативних підрозділів у сфері протидії злочинам, що вчиняються молоддю. Розкрито актуальність цієї проблеми на сучасному етапі реформування системи МВС України, запропоновано авторське визначення цього напряму діяльності.
Особливості обстановки та способу вчинення злочину як елементів криміналістичної характеристики посягань на життя працівника правоохоронного органу
Authors: Гусєва В. О.
Published: September 2019

На підставі аналізу наукової літератури та практики органів досудового слідства розглянуто деякі елементи криміналістичної характеристики посягань на життя працівника правоохоронного органу (обстановка вчинення злочину, способи вчинення та приховування злочину), визначено їх взаємозв’язок, на підставі проведеного дослідження визначено статистичні відомості щодо зазначених елементів криміналістичної характеристики.
Концептуальні засади діяльності оперативно-розшукових сил Національної поліції України в протидії злочинності: сучасний стан наукової розробленості
Authors: Давидюк В. М.
Published: September 2019

У статті зроблено спробу встановлення сучасного стану наукових розробок використання сил підрозділів Національної поліції в процесі оперативно-розшукової діяльності. Зокрема, проаналізовано наукові праці, згрупувавши їх за здійсненням певними видами сил оперативно-розшукової діяльності, а також за рівнем проведеного дослідження та суб’єктами. Констатовано, що проведене дослідження вказує на необхідність і актуальність для сучасної теорії та практики ОРД проведення на монографічному рівні комплексного дослідження теоретико-правових і організаційно-тактичних засад використання сил оперативно-розшукової діяльності в процесі протидії злочинності підрозділами Національної поліції України.
Концептуальні підходи до формування криміналістичної характеристики незаконного посіву або вирощування снотворного маку чи конопель
Authors: Морозов Д. А.
Published: September 2019

У статті на підставі результатів аналізу теоретичних напрацювань сформульовано концептуальні підходи до формування криміналістичної характеристики незаконного посіву або вирощування снотворного маку чи конопель. Надано визначення поняття зазначеної дефініції та визначені їїструктурні елементи.
Криміналістична характеристика декларування недостовірної інформації
Authors: Пересада В. А.
Published: September 2019

У статті визначено структуру криміналістичної характеристики злочинів, передбачених ст. 3661 КК України «Декларування недостовірної інформації». Указано, що криміналістична характеристика цього злочину являє собою сукупність взаємопов’язаних між собою значущих елементів, що мають значення для отримання доказової інформації, яка сприяє його розслідуванню. Зокрема, виділено й проаналізовано такі елементи: предмет злочину, час і обстановка вчинення злочину, способи вчинення злочину, сліди злочину й особа злочинця.
Інформація як ключовий елемент у механізмі інфомаційного забезпечення діяльності правоохоронних органів України: питання загальної теорії
Authors: Терещенко Л. О.
Published: September 2019

У науковій статті досліджено поняття «інформація» та визначено її місце в механізмі інформаційного забезпечення діяльності правоохоронних органів в Україні. Сучасний стан інформаційного забезпечення діяльності правоохоронних органів України є надзвичайно актуальним, оскільки держава є у вкрай складному політико-економічному становищі, яке спровоковане та ускладнене довготривалою військовою операцією на сході країни. Інформація як ключовий елемент механізму інформаційного забезпечення являє собою конкретні дані, які задокументовані або публічно оголошені й безпосередньо відображають стан злочинності, охорони громадського порядку та умовизовнішнього середовища, що характеризують сили та засоби, а також результати діяльності правоохоронних органів. Окрім цього, інформація як ключовий елемент інформаційного забезпечення діяльності правоохоронних органів держави є потрібною для здійснення ефективного управління правоохоронної системи та має велике значення для функціонування усієї інформаційної системи держави, оскільки наявність її дає змогу забезпечити безпеку та територіальну цілісність держави.
Прокурорський нагляд за додержанням законності при проведенні оперативно-розшукових заходів підрозділами кримінальної поліції
Authors: Фільчаков О. В.
Published: September 2019

У статті визначено зміст дефініції «прокурорський нагляд за додержанням законності під час здійснення оперативно-розшукових заходів підрозділами кримінальної поліції». Зазначено, що в жодному нормативному акті не визначено, що ж таке прокурорський нагляд за додержанням законності під час проведення ОРД. Водночас у теорії оперативно-розшукової діяльності,  кримінального процесу та криміналістики триває доволі жвава дискусія з окресленого або дотичного до нього питання. Вказане призводить до того, що на сьогодні існує проблема визначення змісту дефініції «прокурорський нагляд за додержанням законності при проведенні оперативно-розшукової діяльності». Подано авторське визначення окресленої дефініції.
Процесуальні особливості отримання зразків для експертизи
Authors: Чича Р. П.
Published: September 2019

У статті визначено сутність отримання зразків для експертизи. Охарактеризовано юридичну природу їх отримання. Розглянуто процесуальний порядок та особливості отримання зразків для експертизи залежно від особливостей кримінального провадження. Проаналізовано наукові погляди авторів щодо окремих аспектів отримання зразків для експертизи. Дійдено висновку, згідно з яким механізм отримання зразків для експертизи потребує дальшої розробки та вдосконалення.
Конституційно-правові види громадських обговорень
Authors: Нестерович В. Ф.
Published: September 2019

У статті досліджено конституційно-правові види громадських обговорень. Зазначено, що на сьогодні громадські обговорення доволі сильно інтегрувалися до системи прийняття нормативно-правових актів, маючи різні форми та види втілення в сучасній конституційній практиці. Проведення громадських обговорень щодо впливу громадськості на прийняття нормативно-правових актів класифіковано за п’ятьма критеріями: 1) за масштабами проведення; 2) метою проведення; 3) формою проведення; 4) предметом обговорення; 5) ініціативою проведення.
Особливості кваліфікації домашнього економічного насильства в практичній діяльності підрозділів превентивної діяльності Національної поліції України
Authors: Гусєва К. А. , Горбач-Кудря І. А.
Published: September 2019

У статті з нормативно-правничої позиції розглянуто поняття економічного насильства як форми домашнього насильства. Наведені статистичні показники соціологічних досліджень та практики превентивної діяльності підрозділів Національної поліції України дають змогу уточнити та сформулювати відповідні пропозиції для внесення змін до кваліфікації правопорушення, передбаченого ст. 1732 КУпАП в частині, що стосується вчинення домашнього економічного насильства.
Проблемні питання процесуальної регламентації дій слідчого судді при розгляді клопотань слідчого, прокурора щодо дозволу на проведення обшуку
Authors: Жупанова О. О.
Published: September 2019

У статті проаналізовано теоретичні та прикладні проблемні питання, що виникають у діяльності слідчого судді при розгляді клопотань слідчого, прокурора щодо отримання дозволу на проведення обшуку, огляду житла чи іншого володіння особи. Здійснено огляд основних помилок, які допускаютьоргани досудового розслідування під час проникнення до житла чи іншого володіння особи, а також практики реагування на них Європейським судом з прав людини, судових інстанцій України. Надано пропозиції щодо вдосконалення чинного КПК України з порушених проблемних питань.
Concussion Education Programs for High School Football Coaches: An Overview
Authors: Boudreaux John , Dolecheck Jessica
Published: September 2019

The increasing epidemic of concussion injuries in sports continues to attract significant attention throughout society. Leaders within the field of sports medicine have attempted to address athlete safety through educational programs. Although concussion education for athletic coaches is required by all states, individual learners should be considered when implementing these programs. Varying educational initiatives, lack of appropriate healthcare providers at athletic events, the difficulty recognizing the “invisible injury” by a diverse group of individuals, and the lack of enforcement of enacted laws are just a few obstacles that inhibit the concussion educational process required by legislation in all states. Appropriately delivered educational programs have the potential to improve management of sport-related concussion (SRC) at high school levels, providing a significant benefit to individuals across all societal levels. A comprehensive overview of commonly used concussion education programs provides a foundation of themes included in each program, while elucidating differences in program lengths, delivery methods, and targeted audiences. However, these concussion educational programs have been largely ineffective regarding injury reporting and participant safety. Researchers must study the effectiveness of the current programs through a lens of the five principles of knowledge transfer to make recognizable progress within this public health priority. A few recommendations to enhance the effectiveness of concussion educational programming include utilizing a dispersed delivery method to decrease the cognitive load and fatigue of participants, integrating reflective actions into modes of delivery for coaches, and employing reminder messages as cues to action. Schools would benefit from formally evaluating their current educational structure to ensure alignment with some of the recommendations.
Kampo medicine for Frailty as Kidney deficiency
Authors: Ogawa-Ochiai Keiko , Katagiri Takamasa
Published: September 2019

This review aims to understand the clinical efficacy of Japanese Traditional (Kampo) medicine for managing frailty-related disorders mainly based on Kidney deficiency.

Kampo is Japanese traditional herbal medicine, and is the most frequently used alternative and complementary medicine in Japan. The aim of Kampo therapy is to improve patients’ condition whatever their diseases are. Kampo therapy is unique because its focus is patient’s condition not their disease. Moreover, it is widely used as Kampo formulas are covered by National Insurance System in Japan. Therefore, Kampo Medicine plays more and more important roles in closing the gap between modern Western Medicine and demand of patients. With the advent of an aging society, the concept of a fragile state of mind and body that leads to many health problems, “Frailty”, was proposed. It is not easy to prevent or cure frailty because it contains complexed factors. Here, Kampo medicine often obtains and analyzes a large amount of information through four examinations, and can grasp and deal with an aging state such as frailty. This article outlines the effects of representative formulas on frailty related to Kidney deficiency, like lumbago and arthralgia which often cause deterioration of ADL and QOL of patients. Our review showed some evidence for the usefulness of representative Kampo formulas for Kidney deficiency, hachimigan and goshajinkigan. Our review suggests that these formulas have the potential to be used for the management of aging-related and frailty symptoms, although further clinical studies in elderly patients should be conducted.
The Business Model of Start-Up—Structure and Consequences
Authors: Slávik Štefan
Published: September 2019

A start-up already at its origin has to solve the crucial existential condition that is a viable business model. The purpose of the research is to deepen and expand the knowledge about the structure of the start-up business model and its impact on entrepreneurial performance. Field research was carried out in three stages over one and a half years. The source of knowledge about the studied start-ups has been the personal experience recorded in the questionnaire. Start-ups are small closed communities that do not sufficiently shape external partnerships, cannot reach the customers, although they can identify them well enough, try to improve the business model blocks but they do not pay attention to their coordination and perceive the monetization in a simplified way. The impact of the business model on start-up performance has been confirmed but the internal blocks affect business performance unambiguously over the three stages of the research. The best conversion of users to customers and subsequently to revenues are distinctive for the start-ups with their own simple distribution channel and partners who are experienced distributors. The lessons learned can directly improve the results of start-ups when their incompleteness and imperfection will be substituted by appropriate partners. Start-ups provide a space for the new jobs and the self-realization of ambitious people with a sense of service for society. Empirical research on start-ups identifies their weaknesses and possibilities to increase their entrepreneurial performance.
Improving the Ecological Performance of Miscanthus (Miscanthus × giganteus Greef et Deuter) through Intercropping with Woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) and Yellow Melilot (Melilotus officinalis L.)
Authors: von Cossel Moritz , Iqbal Yasir , Lewandowski Iris
Published: September 2019

Miscanthus is a promising high-yielding and low-input perennial biomass crop. However, as miscanthus does not produce nectar, it provides less support for pollinators than other perennial biomass crops, such as cup plant, Virginia mallow, or wild plant mixtures. This study discusses whether miscanthus could be intercropped with flower-rich biennial wild plants to further enhance its ecological functioning. In 2017, a demonstration plot was established in southwest Germany with two miscanthus intercropping regimes: woad (WAM) and yellow melilot (YAM). Both woad and melilot reached full bloom in 2018, the second year of cultivation. The flowering period of woad started and ended earlier than that of melilot. Woad remained harvestable until spring 2019, whereas the aboveground melilot was destroyed by brown hare in autumn 2018. However, the shed seeds of melilot reemerged homogeneously in 2019. The miscanthus developed better in YAM than WAM. This was most likely due to (i) stronger competition for water, nutrients, and light in WAM and (ii) nitrogen fixation advantage in melilot. These results indicate that the ecological performance of miscanthus could be improved by intercropping with melilot. Thus, we propose to further investigate the effects of intercropping on both the productivity and quality of miscanthus biomass.
Land–Use Changes Influencing C Sequestration and Quality in Topsoil and Subsoil
Authors: Kunlanit Benjapon , Butnan Somchai , Vityakon Patma
Published: September 2019

Soil capacity as a major carbon (C) sink is influenced by land use. Estimates of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration have mostly focused on topsoils [0–30 cm official Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) soil depth]. We investigated SOC stocks and their quality as influenced by land-use changes. Soil samples were collected from five soil depths down to 100 cm of three adjacent fields each representing a different land use—forest, cassava, and rice paddy—in Northeast Thailand. Sequestration of SOC in topsoils under all land uses was higher, as indicated by SOC stocks (59.0–82.0 Mg ha−1) than subsoils (30–100 cm) (27.0–33.0 Mg ha−1). The soil profile (0–100 cm) of the forest had higher stocks of SOC and humic acid (115.0 and 6.8 Mg ha−1, respectively) than those of cultivated land uses [paddy (100.0 and 4.8 Mg ha−1, respectively) and cassava (87.0 and 2.3 Mg ha−1, respectively)], which accounted for an average 30% increase in SOC sequestration over those with only topsoil. Topsoils of the forest had higher humic acid content but narrower E4:E6 ratio [the ratio of absorbances at 465 nm (E4) and at 665 nm (E6)] of humic acids (2.8), indicating a higher degree of humification and stabilization than the cultivated soils (3.2–3.6). Subsoil C was higher quality, as indicated by the lower E4:E6 ratio of humic acids than topsoils in all land uses.
Effect of Water Deficit Stress on Seedling Biomass and Physio-Chemical Characteristics in Different Species of Wheat Possessing the D Genome
Authors: Pour-Aboughadareh Alireza , Omidi Mansoor , Naghavi Mohammad Reza , Etminan Alireza , Mehrabi Ali Ashraf , Poczai Peter , Bayat Hamid
Published: September 2019

Wild relatives of wheat serve as an extraordinary source of variability for breeding programs due to their capabilities to respond to various environmental stresses. Here, we investigated some species possessing a D genome (T. aestivum, Ae. tauschii, Ae. crassa and Ae. cylindrica) in terms of relative water content (RWC), stomatal conductance (Gs), relative chlorophyll content, initial fluorescence (Fo), maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm), maximum primary yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fo), as well as shoot fresh and dry biomasses under control and water deficit conditions. Our results revealed that water deficit negatively affected all traits; shoot fresh weight, Gs and RWC showed the highest reduction compared to the control condition. Principal component analysis (PCA) identified two PCs that accounted for 53.36% of the total variation in the water deficit conditions. Correlation analysis and PCA-based biplots showed that stress tolerance index (STI) is significantly associated with Fv/Fm and Fv/Fo under water stress conditions, suggesting that these are the best parameters to evaluate when screening for tolerant samples at the seedling stage. We identified 19 accessions from Ae. crassa and one from Ae. tauschii as the most tolerant samples. In conclusion, Ae. crassa might provide an ideal genetic resource for drought-tolerant wheat breeds.
Prediction of Milk Coagulation Properties and Individual Cheese Yield in Sheep Using Partial Least Squares Regression
Authors: Cellesi Massimo , Correddu Fabio , Manca Maria Grazia , Serdino Jessica , Gaspa Giustino , Dimauro Corrado , Macciotta Nicolò Pietro Paolo
Published: September 2019

The objectives of this study were (i) the prediction of sheep milk coagulation properties (MCP) and individual laboratory cheese yield (ILCY) from mid-infrared (MIR) spectra by using partial least squares (PLS) regression, and (ii) the comparison of different data pre-treatments on prediction accuracy. Individual milk samples of 970 Sarda breed ewes were analyzed for rennet coagulation time (RCT), curd-firming time (k20), and curd firmness (a30) using the Formagraph instrument; ILCY was measured by micro-manufacturing assays. An Furier-transform Infrared (FTIR) milk-analyzer was used for the estimation of the milk gross composition and the recording of MIR spectrum. The dataset (n = 859, after the exclusion of 111 noncoagulating samples) was divided into two sub-datasets: the data of 700 ewes were used to estimate prediction model parameters, and the data of 159 ewes were used to validate the model. Four prediction scenarios were compared in the validation, differing for the use of whole or reduced MIR spectrum and the use of raw or corrected data (locally weighted scatterplot smoothing). PLS prediction statistics were moderate. The use of the reduced MIR spectrum yielded the best results for the considered traits, whereas the data correction improved the prediction ability only when the whole MIR spectrum was used. In conclusion, PLS achieves good accuracy of prediction, in particular for ILCY and RCT, and it may enable increasing the number of traits to be included in breeding programs for dairy sheep without additional costs and logistics.
Relationships between Hha1 Calpastatin Gene Polymorphism, Growth Performance, and Meat Characteristics of Awassi Sheep
Authors: Jawasreh Khaleel I. , Al-Amareen Ahmad H. , Aad Pauline Y.
Published: September 2019

Advances in molecular genetics have allowed the identification of genes that can enhance livestock production. The aim of this study was to investigate possible relationships between the calpastatin (CAST) Hha1 gene polymorphisms and growth performance, carcass characteristics, and meat quality in Awassi sheep. A total of 87 blood samples were collected from two-week-old Awassi ram lambs. The amplification of the CAST Hha1 gene yielded a fragment of 622 bp. Three CAST genotypes were found in Awassi sheep: MM for two fragments (385 bp and 281 bp), MN for three fragments (622 bp, 385 bp, and 281 bp), and NN for only one fragment (622 bp). The M and N allele frequencies of the CAST Hha1 genotypes were 0.765 and 0.235, respectively, while the genotypic frequencies of MM, MN, and NN were 0.586, 0.356, and 0.057, respectively. Based on CAST Hha1 gene polymorphisms, three groups of lambs (MM: n = 8; MN: n = 6; and NN: n = 3 genotypes) were subjected to a fattening period of 70 days to investigate growth performance and meat characteristics. Only the final body weight and longissimus muscle width were significantly different between the three genotypes, while no significant differences were detected in any other carcass characteristics and meat quality parameters. In this study, new variants were observed in CAST using the Hha1 restriction site, potentially assisting in Awassi sheep breeding and selection programs to improve final body weight and longissimus muscle width.
Papillomavirus DNA is not Amplifiable from Bladder, Lung, or Mammary Gland Cancers in Dogs or Cats
Authors: S. Munday John , B. MacLachlan Chloe , R. Perrott Matthew , Aberdein Danielle
Published: September 2019

Papillomaviruses (PVs) cause around 5% of all human cancers, including most cervical cancers and around a quarter of all oral cancers. Additionally, some studies have suggested that PVs could cause a proportion of human lung, breast, and bladder cancers. As PVs have been associated with skin cancer in cats and, more rarely, dogs, it was hypothesized that these viruses could also contribute to epithelial cancers of the lung, mammary gland, and bladder of dogs and cats. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of 47 canine and 25 feline cancers were examined histologically for evidence of PV infection. Additionally, three sets of consensus PCR primers were used to amplify PV DNA from the samples. No histological evidence of PV infection was visible in any of the cancers. DNA from a bovine PV type was amplified from one sample, while two different samples were found to contain human PV DNA. However, these were considered to be contaminants, and no canine or feline PV types were amplified from any of the cancers. These results suggest that PVs do not frequently infect the lung, mammary gland, or bladder of dogs and cats and therefore are unlikely to be significant factors in the development of cancers in these tissues.
Epidemiological Characteristics of Staphylococcus Aureus in Raw Goat Milk in Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Qian Weidong , Shen Lanfang , Li Xinchen , Wang Ting , Liu Miao , Wang Wenjing , Fu Yuting , Zeng Qiao
Published: September 2019

Goat milk has been frequently implicated in staphylococcal food poisoning. The potential risk of raw goat milk contaminated by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in Shaanxi province of China is still not well documented. This study investigated the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, as well as virulence-related genes of S. aureus from raw goat milk samples in Shaanxi, China. A total of 68 S. aureus isolates were cultured from 289 raw goat milk. Most of the isolates were resistant to penicillin and oxacillin, although 41.18%, 33.82%, and 29.41% of the isolates expressed resistance to piperacillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin, respectively. Our data demonstrated that 91.18% of the isolates produced biofilm, of which 54.41% isolates belonged to high-biofilm producers. In addition, genotypic analysis of biofilm related genes (fnbA, clfB, fnbB, cna) revealed that 91.18% of the isolates harbored at least one of the genes, in which the most prevalent genes were fnbA (66. 17%), clfB (48.53%), and fnbB (26.47%). 94.8% of the isolates contained at least one toxin-related gene, of which seb (76.47%), tsst (36.76%), and sea (23.53%) genes were the more frequently detected. Further analysis revealed a positive association between fnbA, clfB, fnbB, seb, tsst, and sea genes and certain antibiotic resistance. The results indicated that raw goat milk samples contaminated by S. aureus can be a potential risk to public health.
A Reversed-Phase HPLC Method for Determination of Osteopontin in Infant Formula
Authors: Wazed Md Abdul , Farid Mohammed
Published: September 2019

Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional whey protein which has recently received much attention for possibly applications in fortifying infant milk formula (IMF) with its bioactivity. However, to date, there is no established high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to quantify this protein in milk or IMF. In this study, a rapid, simple, isocratic and reliable reversed-phase HPLC method was developed and validated to quantify the OPN in IMF. A C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm × 5 micron) was employed with 20% of 0.1% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and 80% of 60% acetonitrile in 0.1% TFA for 10 min detected at 214 nm. The flow rate was 0.3 mL/min with an injection volume of 10 µL. The column temperature was 40 °C, and the peak appeared after 4 min. The validation was based on the system suitability, linearity (r2 = 0.999), limit of detection (LOD) (0.14 mg/L), limit of quantitation (LOQ) (0.41 mg/L), precision (% relative standard deviation (RSD) < 0.2), recovery (% RSD < 3) and robustness. The results confirm that the method developed is suitable for OPN determination in IMF.
A Brunnstrom Stage Evaluation System with Fuzzy-Accelerometer
Authors: Su Te-Jen , Lo Kun-Liang , Tsai Jason Sheng-Hong , Yeh Wen-An , Kuo Cho- Feng
Published: September 2019

Advances in medical care has reduced the rate of mortality from strokes, but the incidence of stroke has remained stable while the incidence of ministrokes has increased. Most stroke victims require long-term care, imposing a heavy financial and emotional burden on families while incurring a heavy cost to society. Thus, strokes are a key issue in the context of health care in Taiwan. This paper proposes using VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) to build a system for assessing Brunnstrom stages based on the observation of several obvious rehabilitation features The system calculates features for accelerometer readings, which are then used as input parameters for a fuzzy algorithm to obtain the Brunnstrom action level. Experimental results show the proposed approach effectively assesses Brunnstrom level, and that the approach can be used to assist physical therapists in performing longitudinal assessments of stroke victim progress, thus improving evaluation efficiency.
Emissions from Combustion of Second-Generation Biodiesel Produced from Seeds of Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.)
Authors: Kamil Mohammed , Ramadan Khalid , Ghenai Chaouki , Olabi Abdul Ghani , Nazzal Ibrahim T.
Published: September 2019

Transportation is a vital necessity without which the entire world would come to a standstill. The fossil fuels used to power transportation are consumed at rates of approximately 100,000 times their rate of natural formation, and their consumption subjects the human environment and ecosystem to significant damage. As substitutes for fossil-based diesel, second-generation biodiesels can eliminate many of the challenges concerning first-generation biodiesels in terms of their high cost and the food versus fuel debate. The seeds of the date palm tree have significant oil content and are a promising prospective energy source. This study investigated the potential environmental benefits of this biofuel in terms of diesel tailpipe emission reduction. The various blends of palm date biodiesel were produced and matched to fuel standard requirements, resulting in four standard-compatible blends that were tested in a diesel engine at varying operating conditions for speed and load. Although the biodiesel emissions had lower concentrations of CO2, CO, and HC relative to fossil diesel, higher concentrations of NOx were detected. The results suggest that date-seed biodiesel could become a sustainable energy source for the transport sector, although further technical and economic investigations will be required before its wide deployment.
Insight into Pretreatment Methods of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Increase Biogas Yield: Current State, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Hernández-Beltrán Javier Ulises , Hernández-De Lira Inty Omar , Cruz-Santos Mónica María , Saucedo-Luevanos Alexia , Hernández-Terán Fernando , Balagurusamy Nagamani
Published: September 2019

Lignocellulosic biomass is recalcitrant due to its heterogeneous structure, which is one of the major limitations for its use as a feedstock for methane production. Although different pretreatment methods are being used, intermediaries formed are known to show adverse effect on microorganisms involved in methane formation. This review, apart from highlighting the efficiency and limitations of the different pretreatment methods from engineering, chemical, and biochemical point of views, will discuss the strategies to increase the carbon recovery in the form of methane by way of amending pretreatments to lower inhibitory effects on microbial groups and by optimizing process conditions.