bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
اثر استراتيجية KWLH على تنمية اساليب التفكير و التحصيل المعرفي لبعض مفردات مادة البحث العلمي
Authors: Mohammed Embarak Mohammed M.
Published: July 2019

هدف البحث الكشف عن اثر استتراتيجية KWLH على تنمية اساليب التفكير و التحصيل المعرفي لبعض مفردات مادة البحث العلمي، استخدم الباحث المنهج التجريبي لملائمة أهداف البحث ومشكلته ،اشتمل مجتمع البحث على طلاب السنة الدراسية الثالثة في قسم التربية الرياضة/فاكولتي التربية/جامعة زاخو والبالغ عددهم(52) طالب وطالبة للعام الدراسي2018-2019، وتم تكافؤ مجموعتي البحث بإجراء اختبارات التكافؤ بين مجموعتي البحث بهدف ضبط المتغيرات ذات العلاقة بالبحث والتي من الممكن أن تؤثر في النتائج التجريبية ومن هذه المتغيرات (العمر الزمني المقاس بالشهر،الذكاء، التحصيل الدراسي للفصل الاول لمادة بحث العلمي،اختبار تحصيل المعرفي، اساليب التفكير)، اما وسائل جمع البيانات فكانت الاختبار المعرفي الذی کان من تصميم الباحث و مقياس اساليب التفكير، استخدام الباحث برنامج SPSS في معالجة البيانات إحصائيا ، واستنتج الباحث مايلي: - ان استراتيجة KWLH لها أثر ايجابي في تنمية كل من اسلوبي التفكير التركيبي، والتحليلي، و الواقعي - ان استراتيجة KWLH ليس لها اثر ايجابي في تنمية كل من اساليب التفكير المثالي، والعملي. - تفوقت المجموعة التجريبية في اختبار اساليب التفكير على المجموعة الضابطة. - يوجد حجم أثر لكل من استراتيجية KWLH و الاسلوب التقليدية على مستوى التحصيل المعرفي ولكن حجم تأثير استراتيجية KWLH أكبر من حجم تأثير الطريقة التقليدية.
دور المجنى عليه في إباحة الجريمة(1)
Authors: Mohammed Hozan H.
Published: July 2019

يعتد المشرع الجنائي بالمركز القانوني للمجنى عليه أحياناً ويجعل منه مناطاً لإباحة بعض الأفعال، سواءً أكان هذا المركز ناشئاً عن العلاقة الزوجية بين طرفي الجريمة، أو قد يكون ناشئاً عن تصرف صادر من المجنى عليه يتمثل إما في رضاءه بالإعتداء الواقع على حق من حقوقه، أو يتمثل في مبادرته بالإعتداء على الجاني الذي يرد هذا الإعتداء بإعتداء مماثل.
البعد الاقتصادي للسياسة البيئية الاستثمارية في العراق
Authors: Jamil Shaima M. N.
Published: July 2019

عانت اقتصاديات البيئة في العراق من العديد من التلوثات البيئية وذلك لاسباب عديدة ،منها الحروب التي دمرت البنى التحتية ، والاوضاع الاقتصادية المتردية والعديد من الاسباب االاخرى وعدم الاهتمام واللامبالاة في القطاع البيئي ولد العديد من المشاكل الاقتصادية والاجتماعية والصحية . يحتاج الاقتصاد البيئي الى اداة فاعلة للتغلب على المشاكل البيئية ،ويمكن عد الاستثمارات الموجهة الى قطاع البيئة من اهم تلك الادوات، وهذا مايعكس اثار اقتصادية عديدة،يتناول البحث مفهوم الاستثمارات البيئية والمشاريع البيئية ،وانواعها ومصادر تمويلها فضلا عن الاثارالاقتصادية المترتبة عليها، ويركز على السياسة البيئية في العراق والية المعالجة .ويهدف البحث الى تبيان فرص الاستثمار البيئي والاثارالاقتصادية للتقليل من المشاكل البيئية، كما وتنص فرضية البحث ،ان للاستثمارات البيئية اهمية اقتصادية وبيئية في تحقيق النموالمستدام وتخفيض الفقر ،والبطالة.وتوصل البحث الى عدد من الاستنتاجات ومنها الاستثمارات البيئية واهميتها في كل الدول النامية،وهي من التوجهات الحديثة والتي تعطي مردود انتاجي واقتصادي عالي القيمة ،وتعتبر من الحلول والمعالجات للتلوث البيئي،وتخفيض التدهور البيئي. ،وخرج البحث بعدد من المقترحات ومنها دراسة المشكلات البيئية و وضع الحلول و الخطط الملائمة لمواجهة الكوارث الطبيعية .
تحديات التدخل الخارجي على الدول العربية التحديات الاقليمية انموذجاً
Authors: Karo Ibrahim A.
Published: July 2019

التحديات المحتملة من النظام الاقليمي في العقود الثلاثة الماضية من القرن العشرين والعقود القادمة هي تركيا ، وايران ، واسرائيل ، واثيوبيا وبعض الدول الافريقية وهذه التحديات متعددة ومتنوعة تواجه الدول العربية ، وان هذه الدول غير قادرة على مواجهة هذه التحديات نتيجة الضعف والانقسام التي تعاني منها، وتخسر مزيد من الارض ومن الثروات و من الهيبة والوزن الدوليين.
الهجرة غير الشرعية واليات المكافحة الدولية ( المنظمات العالمية والاتحاد الاوربي انموذجاً )
Authors: Khamo Mohammed H. , Shakir Hersh F. , Abdulqadir Moayad M.
Published: July 2019

الهجرة غير الشرعية ظاهرة يتجسد مضمونها بالدخول غير المشروع للشخص الى دولة غير دولته بطرق غير مشروعة , وذلك بنية الاقامة الدائمة فيها , وتجدر الاشارة الى ثمة مجموعة من الاسباب تقف وراء هذه الظاهرة البعض منها اقتصادي والبعض الاخر سياسي ومنها ما هو امني ... الخ كما تؤثر هذه الظاهرة بشكل سلبي على مختلف جوانب الحياة لكل من الدولة المهاجر منها والدولة المهاجر اليها , ازاء ذلك بذلت منظمة الامم المتحدة وغيرها من المنظمات العالمية المتخصصة جهداً لا يستهان به في سبيل مكافحة ظاهرة الهجرة غير الشرعية , وبما ان القارة الاوربية هي من اكثر القارات تأثراً بهذه الظاهرة فقد مارست هذه القارة ايضاً دوراً مهماً في مكافحتها وذلك من خلال اتباع اجراءات البعض منها ذات طابع امني والبعض الاخر ذات بعد امني , وقد انتهينا في هذا البحث الى ان المجتمع الدولي يحتاج الى بذل المزيد من الجهود في سبيل القضاء على هذه الظاهرة.
الالتزام الضريبي " المفهوم ومداخل التحليل "
Authors: Al-kadawi Talal M.
Published: July 2019

يعد الالتزام الضريبي من اكثر الموضوعات التي حظيت باهتمام المختصين في المالية العامة , فهو يعبر عن موقف المكلفين تجاه القانون الضريبي . فدرجة هذا الالتزام تؤشر مدى فاعلية النظام الضريبي . ونظرا لشيوع وتكرار عدم الالتزام الضريبي فقد اصبح ظاهرة ليست محلية وانما عالمية . وتختلف مسببات عدم الالتزام بين الدول ما بين يبنى وفق حسابات اقتصادية او وفق سلوكيات اجتماعية ونفسية .

لقد تعددت اراء المهتمين وهم بصدد تحليل هذه الظاهرة والوقوف على مسبباتها . فهناك من يوظف المدخل الاقتصادي القائم على تحليل العائد/الكلفة . وهناك من يوظف المدخل الاجتماعي الذي يركز على دور العنصر البشري في العملية الضريبية ومواقفهم الذاتية في علاقتهم مع الادارة الضريبية . وهناك من يوظف المدخل النفسي الذي يبنى على المنظورات والتصورات التي تجد ارتباطها وتفسيرها بالنظريات ذات الاساس النفسي والمعتقدات والمواقف . وقد خلص البحث الى ان الالتزام وان كانت نتائجه مالية فهو يجسد ابعاد اقتصادية واجتماعية وسياسية وتربوية تتشابك فيه العديد من العوامل . وبغية التخفيف من هذه الظاهرة على الادارات الضريبية عدم التركيز على الوظيفة الاداتية للجزاءات والعقوبات (الردع) وانما على الوظيفة التحديدية اي التركيز على الجوانب النفسية وبذلك ستصبح وظيفة الجزاءات سابقة وليست لاحقة .
Menilik Diskresi pada Satuan Pendidikan: Aktualisasi Sistem Pembelajaran Berbasis Mesjid TK Al-Furqan Kota Bukittinggi Sebagai Sebuah Inovasi Dalam Membangun Karakter Religius Pada Anak Sejak Usia Dini
Authors: Rozi Fachrur
Published: July 2019

Sistem pendidikan nasional memiliki fungsi untuk mengembangkan kemampuan dan membentuk watak serta peradaban bangsa yang bermartabat dalam rangka mencerdaskan kehidupan bangsa. Dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 20 tahun 2003 tentang Sistem Pendidikan Nasional, Pasal 3 termaktub bahwa tujuan dari pelaksanaan sistem pendidikan nasional adalah untuk mengembangkan potensi peserta didik agar menjadi manusia yang beriman dan bertakwa kepada Tuhan Yang Maha Esa, berakhlak mulia, sehat, berilmu, cakap, kreatif, mandiri, dan menjadi warga negara yang demokratis serta bertanggung jawab. Salah satu capaian yang ingin diwujudkan dalam sistem pendidikan nasional ini adalah untuk menciptakan arah pembelajaran yang dapat menanamkan karakter mulia bagi peserta didik. Proses pembangunan karakter pada peserta didik akan lebih baik jika dilakukan sejak usia dini. Hal ini dikarenakan pendidikan yang diberikan sejak usia dini akan menjadi fondasi bagi dasar kepribadian anak dan sangat berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan anak selanjutnya. Penelitian yang dilakukan dengan metode penelitian kualitatif ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan inovasi dalam sistem pembelajaran sebagai sebuah hasil dari diskresi yang dilakukan untuk menstimulasi pembangunan karakter anak sejak usia dini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara studi kasus di TK Al- Furqan Kota Bukittinggi, Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Untuk membangun karakter religius kepada peserta didiknya, TK Al-Furqan Kota Bukittinggi berinovasi melalui penerapan sistem pembelajaran berbasis mesjid. Inovasi sistem pembelajaran berbasis mesjid ini merupakan hasil dari diskresi yang dilakukan terhadap pelaksanaan Sistem Pendidikan dan Standar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. Sehingga menjadikan TK Al-Furqan sebagai TK satu-satunya yang ada di Kota Bukittinggi yang menerapkan sistem pembelajaran ini yang dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu cara untuk membangun karakter pada anak sejak usia dini.
Best Practice Implementasi Model Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sampah Perkotaan
Authors: Liesmana Roza
Published: July 2019

Penelitian dengan judul “Best Practice” Implementasi Model Kebijakan Pengelolaan Kebijakan Sampah Perkotaan” ini difokuskan pada implementasi model terbaik dalam kebijakan pengelolaan sampah perkotaan dengan lokus penelitian di Kota Padang dan Kota Payakumbuh. Sumber pembiayaan kedua kota best practice ini berbeda, Kota Padang dengan implementornya Dinas Kebersihan dan Pertamanan Kota Padang bekerjasama dengan PDAM Kota Padang dalam bentuk retribusi. Sedangkan pengelolaan sampah Kota Payakumbuh merupakan bentuk kerjasama antara Kota Payakumbuh, Kota Bukittingi dan Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota dengan pembiayaan yang dianggarkan pada APBD Propinsi Sumatera Barat. Penelitian ini sendiri akan menjawab pertanyaan penelitian tentang bagaimana gambaran umum terkait dengan kebijakan persampahan? bagaimana implementasi model kebijakan persampahan? dan bagaimana rumusan model terbaik kebijakan persampaham di perkotaan? Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara mendalam dan kelompok diskusi terfokus serta analisis terhadap dokumen pembiayaan kebijakan sampah. Sehingga dihasilkan kesimpulan bahwa pengelolaan sampah di kota Padang maupun kota Payakumbuh sama-sama belum efektif meskipun sumber pembiayaan pengelolaannya berbeda. Dalam implementasinya pada dua lokasi penelitian masih banyak ditemui kendala baik dari sisi implementor maupun dari sisi target grupnya. Sehingga model kemitraan yang paling rasional di dua lokasi adalah model implementasi mekanisme kerja mengutub (pooled) yakni masing-masing pihak (pemerintah-swasta) tidak saling tergantung satu sama lain dalam melakukan delivery mechanism atas keluaran kebijakan yang dihasilkan. Koordinasi yang dibutuhkan sangat minimal, dalam bentuk pembagian tugas yang jelas di awal ketika implementasi akan dilakukan. Setelah pembagian tugas disepakati maka masing-masing pihak dapat bekerja sendiri-sendiri untuk menjangkau kelompok sasaran sesuai dengan tugas masing-masing.
Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Fisik Dan Lingkungan Kerja Non Fisik Terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pada Pengadilan Agama Muara Labuh Dan Pengadilan Agama Koto Baru
Authors: Ayuhana Witria Ayuhana , Syamsurizaldi Syamsurizaldi , Wandra Novera
Published: July 2019

Kepuasan kerja merupakan salah satu aspek penting yang harus dimiliki oleh seorang pegawai agar mampu bekerja secara baik  dan sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Bagaimana gambaran Lingkungan Kerja Fisik, Lingkungan Kerja Non Fisik dan Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Pengadilan Agama Muara Labuh dan Pengadilan Agama Koto Baru, (2) Apakah Lingkungan Kerja Fisik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Pengadilan Agama Muara Labuh dan Pengadilan Agama Koto Baru, (3) Apakah Lingkungan Kerja Non Fisik berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Pengadilan Agama Muara Labuh dan Pengadilan Agama Koto Baru, dan (4) Apakah Lingkungan Kerja Fisik dan Lingkungan Kerja Non Fisik secara bersama-sama berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Pegawai Pengadilan Agama Muara Labuh dan Pengadilan Agama Koto Baru. Desain penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif dan kausatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh pegawai Pengadilan Agama Muara Labuh dan Pengadilan Agama Koto Baru. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik Proporsional Random Sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 40 orang. Untuk memperoleh instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner yang valid dan realiabel, peneliti melakukan uji validitas dan uji realibilitas.

Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa di Pengadilan Agama Muara Labuh dan Pengadilan Agama Koto Baru kondisi lingkungan kerja fisik berada pada kategori baik, Untuk lingkungan kerja non fisik berada pada kategori kurang baik dan kepuasan kerja berada pada kategori cukup baik. Berdasarkan uji T dan uji F, ditemukan bahwa lingkungan kerja fisik tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja, sedangkan lingkungan kerja non-fisik berpengaruh signifikan tehadap kepuasan kerja. Namun, setelah dilakukan uji simultan ditemukan bahwa lingkungan kerja fisik secara bersama-sama dengan lingkungan kerja non fisik memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap kepuasan kerja. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, peneliti memberikan saran bahwa untuk memperhatikan dan meningkatkan kepuasan kerja pegawai di Pengadilan Agama Muara Labuh dan Pengadilan Agama Koto Baru, pimpinan pengadilan perlu memperhatikan lingkungan kerja non fisik yaitu terkait dengan suasana kerja, pengawasan dan perlakuan terhadap pegawai. Suasana kerja ini juga berkaitandenganlingkungan kerja fisik yaitu kebersihan, penerangan, fasilitas kerja dan pewarnaan ruang kerja.
Cobent (Community Based Environment) Dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Mandiri Guna Mewujudkan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan di Dusun Sukunan, Banyuraden, Sleman, DIY
Authors: Billah Nadiyah Salsa , Sari Devi Kumala , Khasanah Annisa Nur
Published: July 2019

COBENT (Community Based Environment) merupakan tindakan maupun kegiatan yang dilakukan oleh individu atau masyarakat setempat dalam mengelola kelestarian lingkungan dengan mempertahankan kualitas lingkungan. Upaya konservasi dan pengembangan usaha meningkatkan kualitas lingkungan sangat ditekankan dalam konsep ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsep dan implementasi dari konsep COBENT dalam pengelolaan sampah secara mandiri guna mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan di Dusun Sukunan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, yaitu penelitian yang bermaksud untuk memahami fenomena tentang apa yang dialami oleh subjek penelitian. Melalui metode penelitian tersebut, peneliti leluasa untuk memperoleh data fakta secara detail sehingga data yang diperoleh mampu menjawab pertanyaan. Hasil penelitian dengan konsep COBENT dalam Pengelolaan Sampah Mandiri di Dusun Sukunan ditemukan bahwa dari aspek partisipasi, stakeholders, faktor penggerak, konservasi lingkungan beserta dampak yang ditimbulkan saling berkaitan dan mendukung satu sama lain. Implementasi COBENT yang diterapkan dalam pengelolaan sampah secara mandiri menjadi salah satu usaha untuk mengubah nilai sampah menjadi sesuatu yang bisa bermanfaat baik secara ekonomi maupun lingkungan. Dari upaya COBENT dalam pengelolaan sampah secara mandiri yang dilakukan secara berkesinambungan sehingga mampu mewujudkan pembangunan berkelanjutan di Dusun Sukunan serta mampu menjadi support system yang utama dan best practiced bagi daerah lainnya.
Formation of the Library Collections of Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1940-ies
Authors: Evdokimenkova Yulia B. , Soboleva Natalya O.
Published: July 2019

This study expands the understanding of rare books — witnesses of the events of the World War II.

The initial stage of formation of the library collections of Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IOC RAS, Department of the Library for Natural Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences) occurred in the 1940s. Acquisition sources of literature were very diverse, so the collections contain books from the libraries of various institutions of the Russian Empire and the USSR. Among foreign publications, there are monographs and periodicals from the displaced collections of libraries of the German industrial organizations and educational institutions, received after the Great Patriotic War. Monographs of the library of the German Chemical Society were returned to the GDR in 1956. Books of industrial companies “Vereinigte Stahlwerke”, “Deutsches Kalisyndikat Bucherei”, “Berndorfer Metallwarenfabrik Arthur Krupp A.G.”, “I.G. Farbenindustrie” and other are hitherto stored in the library holdings of IOC RAS. I.G. Farbenindustrie was the largest German chemical concern; it had its own laboratories for carrying out scientific research. Many famous chemists, including four Nobel laureates, worked there. The concern collaborated with the Nazi regime, developing artificial fuel, synthetic rubber, toxic substances. It had its own factories (Werk Auschwitz) and concentration camp in Auschwitz. The laboratories conducted chemical studies, and prisoners were involved in it. Providing scientific work with literature was an important component, so the laboratories had their own libraries. After the end of the War, most of the books probably remained on the territory of the plant, which was given to Poland. On its basis, the scientific and technical library of the laboratory was formed there, which later became part of the Chemical Institute. Some of the books from the Werk Auschwitz library got to the USSR, and some of them were transferred to the library of IOC RAS.

This article for the first time considers the collections of IOC RAS from the point of view of the field-specific literature published before 1945. Copies with marks of domestic and foreign organizations, personal signs and autographs of scientists are especially valuable. These books can be attributed to the book monuments of the World War II. Thus, one of the most important tasks of the library now is to preserve and study them.
To the 90th Birth Anniversary of E.A. Fenelonov, the Librarian, Leader, Scientist
Authors: Akilina Maria I. , Dvorkina Margarita Y.
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to the 90th birth anniversary of E.A. Fenelonov, the prominent figure of library construction, scientist-librarian and the Honored worker of culture of the RSFSR. The authors present his biographical data, data on the most important stages of his life and activity: study at the Moscow State Library Institute, postgraduate study, defence of the dissertation thesis “Organization of library service for rural population”, leadership of the newly organized library of the Lipetsk region; work as the Head of Department (then Division) of libraries of the Ministry of Culture of RSFSR, the Head of the Main information-computing centre for culture and arts of the Ministry of Culture of RSFSR, the Deputy Director for scientific and methodical work of the V.I. Lenin State Library of the USSR (nowadays — the Russian State Library, RSL), the research scientist in the Research Department of the RSL. The paper describes the general characteristic features of his administrative activity and scientific creativity. The authors emphasize his role in the centralization of the library network, creation of depository libraries, introduction of open access and computers in the librarianship, participation in the development of the “Regulations on Librarianship in the USSR” (1984), the laws “On Librarianship”, “On the Legal Deposit Copy of Documents”, etc. The paper considers the main works of E.A. Fenelonov, dedicated to the management of librarianship, comprehensive planning of library construction, economic efficiency of libraries, organization of the library network, library zoning, activities of the centralized library systems, methodical work of libraries. The authors reveal the personality of E.A. Fenelonov as organizer, manager, scientist and person.
Library Card: Rights and Opportunities of Library Users in the United States
Authors: Neshcheret Marina Y.
Published: July 2019

Getting acquainted with the experience of library and information services in foreign libraries is an important component of professional development. Organization of library activities in libraries of the United States, introduction and use of advanced innovative technologies in all areas of their work is of particular interest to specialists. User access to library resources and services is provided through library card in its usual physical form and its electronic and biometric counterparts. If we call library a “door to knowledge,” then library card seems to be a “key” to this door. The article considers the experience of registering new readers, regulation of user access to library resources in US public libraries, the opportunities that open up to holders of library card; the risks that libraries are exposed to in the event of unauthorized use of library card. The author emphasizes that presence of a library card is not mandatory for library visitors, but it provides access to a full range of library and information services. In addition, the holders of library card receive additional privileges. In particular, they have free access to historical and cultural centres, memorials, botanical gardens and museums. The article also discusses the issues of modernization of library cards in modern society and their use in future. The author comes to the conclusion about the continuing evolution of library card, during which not only its appearance changes, but also expands the range of functions performed by it. At the same time, library card continues to preserve its main mission of the “pass to the world of knowledge”.
Institution as Social Media Collector: Lessons Learned from the Library of Congress
Authors: Zwaard Kate , Fedotova Maria V.
Published: July 2019

Social media has become a valuable tool that has helped connect, facilitate, discover, and encourage the use of the Library of Congress’s collections and content. The Library has cultivated trust and approachability as both a collector and user of social media. The Library of Congress has been using social media both as a collector and a user to execute its mission. Authors describe the use of social media in both of these roles beginning with the Library as a collector. The vision, as stated in the Library’s strategic plan, is that all Americans are connected to the Library. Different channels of social media have allowed the Library to extend that connection into discovery and use of the Library’s vast online collections and engage audiences in ways that are more approachable and immediate. As a result, the institution is more accessible than ever before.
The Role of Libraries in Organizing and Conducting Leisure Activities for Children and Youth in the Stalingrad Region in the Period of 1945 through the early 1950-ies
Authors: Lipatov Alexandr V.
Published: July 2019

The article examines the conditions, tasks and main trends of the libraries in the Stalingrad region in the post-war period (1945 — early 1950s). Materials of periodicals and local history publications, as well as reporting materials related to the work of libraries in the specified period serve as a sourse base for the study.

In the context of the revival of Stalingrad and the Stalingrad region, the priorities for the state and society were those aimed at restoring the socio-economic potential and the cultural sector. The author emphasizes that, in this development vector, an important aspect of the activities of cultural institutions was organization of leisure activities for children and youth.

Libraries of the region were among the first cultural organizations that began to open their doors after the battle of Stalingrad and the end of the Great Patriotic War, so they had to carry out extensive political, mass, cultural and educational work for the population, including children and youth.

In the wake of the devastation of the entire socio-cultural sphere and infrastructure of the city and the region, the poor resource base of educational and cultural institutions, it was important to create conditions for adaptation to peaceful circumstances, to counteract child homelessness, to unite the creative forces of young people and to increase their cultural and educational level. Urban and rural libraries, reading rooms and libraries at clubs become actively involved in solving socially significant problems through various forms, methods and means of organizing children’s and youth leisure and recreation.

For the first time in a long time, libraries began to organize holidays and recitals, open readings of fiction for schoolchildren, and meetings with visiting and local cultural figures for young people. The important place in the leisure of young people was given to self-education and improving the culture of reading, that emphasized the special importance of the library as a centre of knowledge and a model of preservation of cultural norms.

The author concludes that libraries have played a major role in the organization of leisure of children and youth, and their activities served as an important auxiliary resource of party cells and public organizations to restore the entire cultural sector of the city and region.
Ethical and Communicative Competence of Students: Ways of Formation and Development
Authors: Ezova Svetlana A. , Kuchmurukova Ekaterina A.
Published: July 2019

The article considers the long-term practice in the area of ethical and communicative education of students of the Department of library-information resources of the East Siberian State Institute of Culture. The purpose of the work is to summarize the experience in formation and development of ethical and communicative competence of students. The authors describe the method of teaching the discipline “Ethics of library communication” and consider specific features of lectures and practical classes. The article characterizes the methods of work with full-time and part-time students, students of retraining and professional development programs at the example of use of interactive innovative technologies. The authors analyse the practice-oriented tasks aimed at diagnostics of various communicative and ethical characteristics of students and present the results of surveys of students of different forms of education about their culture of communication. The article describes the experience of using cases in the course of discipline study and the development of students’ draft codes of ethics of librarian and reader. The authors emphasize the importance of using a Cartesian rectangular coordinates system and drawing up a “Contract with the own Adult” for self-education of student, development of his critical thinking, ability to analyse and creative approach in library and information activities. The article raises the problems of verbal and nonverbal communication in the training of future specialists, as well as gives recommendations on the use of mind maps in the formation of librarian-communicator. The authors determine the importance of business game “Business etiquette” for the formation of pedagogical skills of students. The article underlines the necessity of development of ethical and communicative competences not only in the course of training sessions, but also through the involvement of students in scientific activities, in particular, when writing course and graduate qualification works. The authors analyse execution method and content of the work devoted to the topic “Netiquette. Network etiquette” and present the results of the student research conducted among the trainees in universities of the Republic of Buryatia.
Library and Book in the Digital Age: Project Development Vectors
Authors: Volkhonskaya Elena N.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the article is understanding of the place and role of the Russian State Library — the National library of the country — in the development of book industry as an active participant in the modern exhibition process of the event-related nature, including the “Red Square” book festival, held this year for the fifth time.

The Russian State Library has the capability not only to present its own publishing products at the festival fair, revealing its rich collections, but also to position itself as an active subject of communication, stimulating the book market and giving the publishing business the meaning and values of socio-cultural activity.

The book festival, which took place on June 1—6, 2019 in the centre of Moscow, dictates certain formats for presenting the versatile activities of the Library and reveals its strong project focus. Based on the material of major professional branch events of the Russian State Library (RSL) within the framework of the “Red Square” book festival and a number of publications of periodicals, the article considers the project development trends of the RSL related to the implementation of the “Culture” National Project 2019—2024. The author highlights the new trends in book publishing, distribution of publishing products and development of library projects, as well as considers the essential characteristics and outlines the main stages of work of departmental projects on modernization of municipal regional libraries and National Electronic Library (NEL).

The joint strong discussion of at first glance purely library projects in the publishing environment expands the library-information space, creates grounds for the formation of multi-level communications and corrects approaches to resolving the problems.
World ORS Day 2019: Save The Children Save Generation Next
Authors: Sanjana Jain
Published: July 2019

World ORS Day 2019 Guest Comment by Dr. Sanjana Jain
National Doctors’ Day: Are the God’s Men Safe?
Authors: Vatsul Sharma
Published: July 2019

National Doctors’ Day Editorial Comment by Dr. Vatsul Sharma, Editor-in-Chief, International Healthcare Research Journal (IHRJ)
Battery Ingestion: A Potentially Life-Threatening Issue
Authors: Amos Masih
Published: July 2019

Button battery ingestion cases are rare but possibilities of these turning into life-threatening or fatal conditions are high. Such an unfortunate incidence may progress to serious complications and require major surgery if the foreign body is not identified or removed well in time. Lithium is a possible component of button batteries being used these days. The consequences of batteries containing lithium are medically significant. This review is to focus on general safety information regarding button battery ingestion, facts learned from reports published previously, and conclusion derived from brilliant literature.
Vitamin D Intoxication in An Elderly: A Case Report
Authors: Sahil Singh  , Prernika Mittal  , Ajay Sharma
Published: July 2019

Vitamin D is a very common prescribed drug for numerous indications. Due to scarce knowledge and poor awareness of the various formulations, preparations and dosages of Vitamin D, there are many chances of prescription errors, medication errors, product use issue and undesirable adverse drug reactions. We hereby detail case of 70-year-old ex-army gentleman reported to us with a history of lethargy, confusion, reduced appetite and gait imbalance since few days with a history of knee replacement surgery 2 years back. Medical history was not of much relevance before it was revealed that he was getting cholecalciferol injection with a strength of 600000 IU once a week for few months. He was detected to have very high serum vitamin D level and hypercalcemia. He was started on intravenous fluids, diuretics and glucocorticoids. In a few days, after effective treatment, the patient was discharged in a recovering stage and advised to stop intake calcium and vitamin D in any form. At his last follow up, after a few months of discharge, he had totally recovered.
A Retrospective Analysis of the Prevalence of Distribution of Oral Mucosal Lesions (OMLs) among the People Of Delhi NCR
Authors: Simran Kaur  , Aseem Singh  , Rahul Singh
Published: July 2019

INTRODUCTION: The presence of Oral Mucosal Lesions (OMLs) in one’s oral mucosa can lead to unwanted consequences and mostly are due to tobacco use.

AIM: To  document the prevalence of OMLs among patients of Delhi NCR and provide health education counselling to those under the grip of this evil practice. 

MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed the data of a total of 402 subjects visiting various screening camps in Delhi NCR and recalled a total of 174 patients, out of which 161 reported back to us for further diagnosis and screening of OMLs. The examination of patients in the camp were an ADA type III examination. All patients we given a health education while tobacco users were also given a specialized one-on-one health education regarding the tobacco and its ill effects as well as techniques for cessation. A descriptive analysis of the sample was first performed using means (±standard deviation (SD)) for continuous variables  and frequencies (proportions) for categorical variables. The chi-square test was used for statistical analysis and to find significant difference, if any.

RESULTS: Among the 402 subjects screened, the mean age was 33.24±6.74 Years and most of the study population belonged to the age group of 25-60 Years [178(44.3%)]. 301(74.8%) of the study population were males. The main chief complaint was periodontal problem [187(46.5%)], while 15 patients (3.73%) came for regular check-up. The prevalence of leukoplakia was found to be 8.70% and OSMF was found to be 6.21%. A significant difference was seen among gingivitis with respect to age and gender (p<.05), leukoplakia and frictional keratosis was seen significant in relation to gender. In all significant cases, Males were more prone to get these OMLs as compared to females

CONCLUSION: It is advised that regular Oral Health Drives and counselling sessions be arranged for the people of elhi NCR to reduce the burden of the OMLs.
Dengue and Chikungunya Fever: Oral Manifestations
Authors: Indrajeet Singh  , Naresh Sharma
Published: July 2019

The vector borne diseases of dengue and chikungunya mainly affect the African and South Asian countries. Its prevalence increases in the summer and monsoon seasons due to an  increase in breeding sites and External Incubation Period (EIP) of the virus. Primarily caused by an infectious bite of the Aedes aegypti female mosquito, this disease has a variety of systemic signs and symptoms. However, the oral manifesatations might be ignored. This review aims to enlightens the healthcare researchers with knowledge regarding the oral manifestations of dengue and chikungunya.
Os encontros do Conselho Indigenista Missionário - CIMI e a caracterização de uma etnia "Tapuya" através do indigenismo de conscientização
Authors: Silva Cristhian Teófilo da
Published: July 2019

Esta comunicação parte de uma reflexão sobre o contexto interacional dos encontros realizados pelo Conselho Indigenista Missionário (CIMI) entre as “lideranças indígenas” de Goiás e Tocantins no sentido de descrever não só o modelo alternativo de indigenismo aí promovido em associação com as dioceses e outras agências e agentes indigenistas, mas também, e principalmente, o modo como são articuladas representações sobre e para os tapuios do Carretão, grupo indígena com cerca de 235 pessoas localizado no oeste do estado de Goiás.
Modified lambert beer for bilirubin concentration and blood oxygen saturation prediction
Authors: Ong Pek Ek , Huong Audrey Kah Ching , Ngu Xavier Toh Ik , Mahmud Farhanahani , Philimon Sheena Punai
Published: July 2019

Noninvasive measurement of health parameters such as blood oxygen saturation and bilirubin concentration predicted via an appropriate light reflectance model based on the measured optical signals is of eminent interest in biomedical research. This is to replace the use of conventional invasive blood sampling approach. This study aims to investigate the feasibility of using Modified Lambert Beer model (MLB) in the prediction of one’s bilirubin concentration and blood oxygen saturation value, SO2. This quantification technique is based on a priori knowledge of extinction coefficients of bilirubin and hemoglobin derivatives in the wavelength range of 440 – 500 nm. The validity of the prediction was evaluated using light reflectance data from TracePro raytracing software for a single-layered skin model with varying bilirubin concentration. The results revealed some promising trends in the estimated bilirubin concentration with mean ± standard deviation (SD) error of 0.255 ± 0.025 g/l. Meanwhile, a remarkable low mean ± SD error of 9.11 ± 2.48 % was found for the predicted SO2 value. It was concluded that these errors are likely due to the insufficiency of the MLB at describing changes in the light attenuation with the underlying light absorption processes. In addition, this study also suggested the use of a linear regression model deduced from this work for an improved prediction of the required health parameter values.
Psychological Adjustment to Acquired Facial Disfigurement: personality characteristics, self-concept and satisfaction with Social Support - a longitudinal study
Authors: Mendes José , Rego Rui , Moss Tim , Alcaidinho Durval
Published: July 2019

We intend to contribute towards a better understanding of the variables that affect the Schematic Investment and Self-consciousness of the appearance of those who suffer from acquired facial disfigurement. The sample consisted of 67 individuals who have been submitted to plastic and reconstructive surgery and completed a questionnaire evaluating the influence of personality traits, optimism, self-concept, emotions, and perception of satisfaction with social support, and with the perception of appearance during their admittance to the hospital, and 12 months after the surgery. There were meaningful statistical differences in both evaluation moments for the variables Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, Optimism, Positive and Negative Affect, Self-Concept, and Social Support Satisfaction. In both evaluations, Self-conscientiousness of Appearance reveals a positive relationship with Neuroticism and negative relation with Self-concept. Results show that Schematic Investment and Self-conscientiousness of appearance vary in time and that there are variants that influence the psychological adjustment to acquired facial disfigurement.
Influência do exercício físico na auto-estima e no índice de massa corporal
Authors: Machado Ana , Almeida Ana , Fonte Dina , Silva Virgínia
Published: July 2019

O presente trabalho de investigação, teve como intuito abordar o estudo da interacção entreexercício físico, a obesidade e a auto-estima, tendo como objectivo perceber o modo comoestas variáveis estão associadas. Para tal, recorremos a uma amostra de 382 participantes,199 do sexo feminino e 183 do sexo masculino, com idades compreendidas entre os 18 eos 74 anos de idade. Tivemos também em conta as habilitações literárias e o estado civil.Com o objectivo de medirmos o exercício físico utilizámos o questionário Physical ActivityMeasure, para avaliarmos a obesidade utilizamos o Índice de Massa Corporal e para a variávelda auto-estima foi utilizada a Escala de Rosenberg. Os resultados indicam que não existeuma correlação significativa entre o exercício físico e a auto-estima e entre o exercício físicoe o IMC, com valores de correlação de -.011e de .006, respectivamente. Como os valores dascorrelações não são estatisticamente significativos, chegamos à conclusão que os resultadosnão confirmam os estudos anteriores.
Intervening factors in the feeding of infants vertically-exposed to HIV: an integrative review
Authors: Bick MarÍlia Alessandra , Ribeiro Polyana de Lima , Ferreira Tamiris , Maris de Mello Padoin Stela , Cardoso de Paula Cristiane
Published: July 2019

ObjectiveTo evaluate the available scientific literature on factors that may intervene in the adequate feeding of infants vertically-exposed to HIV.

MethodsThis was an integrative review of the literature, performed on the LILACS, PubMed and Scopus databases in February 2017. The search was guided by the question “What are the factors involved in feeding infants vertically-exposed to HIV.” Selected studies met the inclusion criteria of being research articles published in English, Portuguese, or Spanish. Articles excluded were those on exclusive breastfeeding. There was no need to perform a temporal cut off of the studies.

ResultsIn all, the 32 primary studies selected showed that intervening factors were of three types: individual, such as maternal feelings and desires, beliefs, and practical difficulties; social, such as socioeconomic conditions, social support, and stigma; and political, such as health services structure and organization, supplies, health care guidance, and the knowledge and attitudes of health care professionals.

ConclusionsThe factors that interfere with feeding infants vertically-exposed to HIV may be independent or associated with each other. To reduce the risk of inadequate nutrition and its associated diseases, actions must be taken to identify and minimize these factors, guaranteeing a better quality of life and reduction of infant morbidity and mortality.
Policies and processes for human papillomavirus vaccination in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Hoz Restrepo Fernando De la , Guzman Nelson Alvis , Hoz Gomez Alejandro De la , Ruiz Cuauhtémoc
Published: July 2019

Objectives. Three highly effective vaccines are available to prevent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and they have been introduced in many countries around the world. This article describes advances and challenges in introducing HPV vaccines in the Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) of countries in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC).

Methods. We reviewed national and regional sources of information to identify LAC countries with and without universal HPV vaccination, along with the year of introduction, type of HPV vaccine, vaccination scheme, age groups targeted, and coverage level reached. Incidence rates of cervical cancer were compared across countries with and without an HPV vaccination program, in order to identify inequities in access to HPV vaccines.

Results. So far, 10 LAC countries have supplied data on their vaccination policies and vaccination coverage rates to the Pan America Health Organization. The majority of those 10 started their vaccination programs using quadrivalent vaccine. Only Chile, Ecuador, and Mexico started their programs using a two-dose scheme. However, by the end of 2016, most of the other countries had switched from a three-dose to a two-dose scheme. Different age groups are targeted in the various programs. Some countries vaccinate one-year birth cohorts, while others vaccinate multiple-year birth cohorts. By the end of 2014, coverage with at least two doses ranged from a low of 2% to a high of 86%. With the exception of Venezuela, the LAC countries with the largest populations introduced universal HPV vaccination between 2010 and 2014. Despite the progress that has occurred in some LAC countries, there are still 10 LAC nations with cervical cancer rates above the LAC average (21.2 cases per 100 000) that have not introduced an HPV vaccine in their EPI.

Conclusions. With several key adjustments, HPV vaccination programs across Latin America and the Caribbean could be substantially strengthened. Ongoing monitoring of HPV infection outcomes is needed in order to assess the impact of different vaccination policies.
Evaluación de tecnologías sanitarias para la toma de decisiones en Latinoamérica: principios de buenas prácticas
Authors: Pichon-Riviere Andrés , Soto Natalie C , Augustovski Federico Ariel , García Martí Sebastián , Sampietro-Colom Laura
Published: July 2019

Objetivo. Identificar los principios de buenas prácticas en la Evaluación de las Tecnologías Sanitarias (ETESA) más relevantes, aplicables y prioritarios en Latinoamérica; y las potenciales barreras para implementarlos en la región.

Métodos. Se identificaron los principios de buenas prácticas en ETESA postulados a nivel mundial y luego se exploraron mediante un proceso deliberativo en un Foro de evaluadores, financiadores y productores de tecnologías.

Resultados. El Foro contó con la participación de 42 representantes de diez países Latinoamericanos. Los principios de buenas prácticas postulados a nivel internacional fueron considerados válidos y potencialmente aplicables en Latinoamérica. Cinco principios fueron identificados como prioritarios y con mayor potencial para ser profundizados en estos momentos: transparencia en los procesos de realización de ETESA; Involucramiento de actores relevantes en el proceso de ETESA; existencia de mecanismos de apelación de las decisiones; existencia de mecanismos claros para el establecimiento de prioridades en ETESA; y existencia de un vínculo claro entre la evaluación y la toma de decisión. El principal reto identificado fue encontrar un equilibrio entre la aplicación de estos principios y los recursos disponibles para prevenir que las mejoras a introducir atenten contra los tiempos de producción de informes y la adecuación a las necesidades de los decisores.

Conclusiones. La principal recomendación fue avanzar gradualmente en mejorar la ETESA y su vínculo con la toma de decisión desarrollando procesos apropiados para cada país, sin pretender imponer a corto plazo estándares tomados de ejemplos a nivel internacional sin la adecuada adaptación al contexto local.
Enfermedades crónicas en población afectada por el conflicto armado en Colombia, 2015
Authors: Gómez-Restrepo Carlos , Rincón Carlos Javier , Medina-Rico Mauricio
Published: July 2019

Objetivo. El propósito de este estudio fue identificar las enfermedades crónicas no mentales, más frecuentes en la población colombiana afectada por el conflicto armado.

Metodología. Este es un estudio transversal, que usa datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Mental 2015. La población estudiada se estratificó por sexo y edad y se extrajeron otros datos generales como: nivel educativo y grado de pobreza, medido por el Índice Multidimensional de Pobreza. Se analizaron datos de personas que reportaron haber sido víctimas del conflicto armado colombiano en algún momento de la vida la vida y se reportó como medida de riesgo relativo indirecto la frecuencia de presentación de enfermedades crónicas no mentales.

Resultados. Se describió información de 10 764 personas mayores de 18 años siendo una muestra representativa a nivel nacional. Se encontró que 10,4 % de los sujetos afectados por el conflicto armado tienen un nivel educativo superior (técnico o universitario), así como 43,6 % se encuentran en estado de pobreza o en estado de vulnerabilidad. Las enfermedades crónicas no mentales identificadas fueron: hipertensión arterial 20,4 % (IC95% 15,7–26,1), diabetes 6,7 % (IC95% 4,4–10,3), enfermedades reumatológicas 10,4 % (IC95% 7,1–14,9), enfermedades gastrointestinales 19,1 % (IC95% 14,5–24,7), y dolor crónico 6,9 % (IC95% 4,2–11)

Conclusiones. La población afectada por el conflicto armado tiene aparentemente mayor riesgo de presentar enfermedades crónicas no mentales, tales como hipertensión arterial y diabetes, lo que evidencia la situación de vulnerabilidad de estas comunidades.
Prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in an indigenous community in Santiago Atitlán, Guatemala
Authors: Luna Max , Chen David , Rivera-Andrade Álvaro , González Jessica , Burt David , Mendoza-Montano Carlos , Patrie James
Published: July 2019

Objective. To describe the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and assess knowledge of those risk factors in the indigenous community of Santiago Atitlán in Guatemala, a lower-middle income country.

Methods. A population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted using a modified version of the World Health Organization’s STEPS protocol. Adults aged 20–65 years were surveyed regarding demographics and NCD risk factors, and the survey was followed by anthropometric and biochemical measurements.

Results. Out of 501 screened individuals, 350 respondents were enrolled. The mean age was 36.7 years, and 72.3% were women. Over 90% reported earning less than US$ 65 per month. Almost 80% were stunted. Among women, 37.3% were obese and over three-quarters had central obesity. Over three-quarters of the entire group had dyslipidemia and 18.3% had hypertension, but only 3.0% had diabetes. Overall, 36.0% of participants met criteria for metabolic syndrome. There was no significant association between participants’ education and NCD risk factors except for an inverse association with obesity by percent body fat.

Conclusions. Santiago Atitlán is a rural, indigenous Guatemalan community with high rates of poverty and stunting coexisting alongside high rates of obesity, particularly among women. Additionally, high rates of hypertension and dyslipidemia were found, but a low rate of diabetes mellitus. Knowledge of NCDs and their risk factors was low, suggesting that educational interventions may be a high-yield, low-cost approach to combating NCDs in this community.