bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THE COMPOSITION OF SPECIES AND STRUCTURE OF SEAGRASS FISH COMMUNITY IN TANJUNG TIRAM – INNER AMBON BAY
Authors: Latuconsina Husain , Nessa M. Natsir , Rappe Rohani Ambo
Published: October 2017

The study was conducted in March - May 2011 in the coastal waters of Tanjung Tiram – inner Ambon bay. The aims of the study were to determine the composition of species and structure of fish communities in seagrass beds ecosystems. Fish were collected every spring and neap tide for three month periode with a swept area method using beach seine. Fishes were collected as many as 6444 individuals representing 68 species from 29 families. Siganus canaliculatus was contributed up to 62.91% of the total individual fish found.The fish community structure was varied between spring and neap tide. Index of dominance was in low category, diversity in medium, and evenness in unstable conditions. Moreover, the results indicated that seagrass ecosystems in Tanjung Tiram (TAD) have an important role as spawning, nursery ground, and feeding ground. Therefore, management and conservation efforts are urgently needed to maintain the ecological role of seagrass ecosystems for the sustainability of the fish resources.

Keywords: Seagrass beds, fish community, tanjung tiram, inner Ambon Bay
EFFECT ON DIETARY PROTEIN AND FEEDING RATE ON GROWTH OF TIGER GROUPER (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) JUVENILE
Authors: Marzuqi Muhammad , Astuti Ni Wayan Widya , Suwirya Ketut
Published: October 2017

The grouper fish culture was developed after its succesful seed production in hatchery well known. In grow-out culture grouper, the protein requirement and feeding rate have to know well in order to understand the effectiveness on feed utilization . The experiment was designed by factorial design with the first factor as 3 dietary protein (36%, 42%, 48%) and the second factor as 3 feeding rate ( 1,5%, 2,0%, 2,5%). Ten of juvenile tiger grouper (102, 51-102, 73 g of body weight) were stocked in 27 polycarbonate tanks with 400 l volume each. Each tank was equiped with aeration and flow-through water system. Fish was fed three time per day i.e. 08:00, 11:30 and 15:30 Central Indonesia Standard Time for 16 weeks. Every week was measured body weight, survival rate, and feed quantity. The parameter used in this experiment were weight gain, spesific growth rate, feed efficiency and survival rate. The results of the experiment showed that the combination of protein level (36%, 42%, 48%) with feed ratio (1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5%) gave response on growth, weight gain and survival rate. Combination dietary protein level of 48% and feed ratio 1.5% gave higher weight gain and survival rate with values of 104.05 ± 5.89% and 96.67 ± 5.57 %, respectively.

Keywords: Dietary protein and feeding rate , growth, tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)
REPRODUCTION ASPECTS OF THE YELLOWFIN TUNA (Thunnus albacares)
Authors: Andamari Retno , Hutapea Jhon Haryanto , Prisantoso Budi Iskandar
Published: October 2017

Tuna is one of the important fishery commodities in Indonesia, including tuna caught by longliners in Indian Ocean. The most popular of tuna is yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares). Currently, the production of tuna based on the capture fisheries, therefore, in order to preserve its sustainability, the understanding of the biological and reproduction aspect is required. Research on the biological reproduction of this species was conducted at Gondol Research Institute for Mariculture. Samples of female gonad were collected from Indian Ocean tuna longliners during April to July 2009 from the processing companies within Benoa Port. Result of the histological analysis on 128 female gonads showed that majority of gonads were at the early development level and the only 16 gonads have reached at the mature level. The analysis of the oocyte development showed the asynchronous, indicating that yellowfin tuna is a multiple spawner.

Keywords: yellowfin tuna, gonad, asynchronous
ABUNDANCE OF DIATOM AT THE GUMILAMO AND MAGALIHO ISLAND, NORTH HALMAHERA
Authors: Astuti Rina Puji , Imanto Philip Teguh , Sumiarsa Gede S.
Published: October 2017

Observation on abundance of diatom has been conducted in Gumilamo-Magaliho waters, North Halmahera. The aims of this study were to identify and analyze daily fluctuations of diatom abundance also analyze the biological indices in the plankton in that waters and . Sampling was conducted at three stations representing the strait, mangrove areas and estuary. Plankton were collected using a plankton net no.25. Sampling was carried out for 24 hours with six hour interval. Identification and counting of cells using a microscope with 400x magnification. The results showed that seven genera of diatoms were found: Chaetoceros sp. with the highest of cells abundance (5.061 cells/L), successively followed by Nitzschia sp. (611 cells/L), Thalassionema sp. (569 cells/L), Skeletonema sp. (446 cells/L), Coscinodiscus sp. (176 cells/L), Navicula sp. (40 cells/L) and Amphora sp. (11 cells/L). At station I and II showed that the maximum abundance occurred at 6 am, and the minimum abundance occurred at 6 pm. At station III the maximum abundance occurred at midnight and a minimum abundance occurred at noon. Diatoms showed different daily fluctuations at different time and stations. The supporting diversity index value of medium, low uniformity, and no dominance factor causing the Gumilamo-Magaliho waters can be developed for aquaculture.

Keywords: diatom, diatom abundance
ABUNDANCE AND DIVERSITY OF ECHINODERM IN PARI ISLAND, SERIBU ISLANDS
Authors: Supono Supono , Arbi Ucu Yanu
Published: October 2017

Pari Island is one of the island in the Seribu Islands region. Abundance of echinoderms in Pari Island waters has been observed since 1969. In this research, data of echinoderms was collected on March 2011 applying quadratic transect method 1 x 1 m2, as well as freely collection methods using snorkel and scuba equipment. Thirteen individuals of echinoderms were collected during the study, one species (Archaster typicus) was found by quadratic transect method and 12 species of echinoderms by freely collection methods. The density of starfish Archaster typicus at the sites was between 2.1 to 4.3 individual/m2.

Keywords: Echinodermata, distribution, abundance, density, Pari Island, Seribu Islands
FISIOLOGY ADAPTATION OF SANDY ANEMONE (Heteractis malu) EXPOSED TO ELEVATED TEMPERATURES: LABORATORY CONDITION
Authors: Zamani Neviaty Putri
Published: October 2017

Sandy anemone (Heteractis malu), belongs to Phylum Cnidaria, physiologically is very close to coral stone, which was a major component of coral reef ecosystems. As coral stone, Heteractis malu also has symbiotic algae (Zooxanthella). Physiologically, the alga symbiotic relationship of coral stone is almost similar with Heteractis malu. Maintaining Heteractis malu in the laboratory is relativly easier compared to that of coral stone. Advantages of the Heteractis malu vs. stone coral, its body is not covered by limestone makingit easier in processing analyses. The response of the anemone to stress is expected similar with coral stone. This research aims to analyze the response and adaptation of Heteractis malu to the temperature increase of 1 °C and 2 °C of the normal temperature (28 °C). The impact of temperature increases on Heteractis malu did not significantly affect the density of zooxanthellae, however, there was a significant increase of mitotic index. In addition, during a recovery process, Heteractis malu immune system did not show a significant increase based on its mitotic index results tended to decrease during the second phase of stress treatment.

Keywords: Adaptation, sandy anemone (Heteractis malu), temperature increase,, zooxanthellae
MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL VULNERABILITY OF EACH PROVINCE IN INDONESIA
Authors: Wibowo Adi
Published: October 2017

Interaction between mainland and ocean are not balance. That means condition in mainland will higher affect the ocean, but not vice versa. Indonesia as a tropical island country has very long beaches and many rivers flow into the sea. The increased population in each province will have an impact on increasing contaminant into the river, so those are will cause the contaminant into the sea increasing. The problem statement is at what level of the marine environmental vulnerability in each province? Using methods of spatial analysis those find the spatial pattern of the marine environmental vulnerabilities in Indonesia. Level of the marine environmental vulnerability is generated based on numbers of regency along the coast line, including the total of population and population growth in each province and the number of rivers along the coast line. Conclusion in this research is province with the very high level of the marine environmental vulnerability is eleventh provinces, fifteenth provinces with high level, five provinces with moderate level, and two provinces with the lowest level. The province with very high level is caused by variation combination from the high number of regency along the coast line, including the highest number of population and population growth and the highest number of river. Such conditions may cause high vulnerability in some provinces such as Nanggroe Aceh Darusallam, Bangka Belitung, Kepulauan Riau, Banten, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara Timur, Sulawesi Utara, Sulawesi Tengah and Sulawesi Tenggara.

Keywords: Vulnerability, marine environmental, spatial analysis
THE GROWTH PATTERN OF BLACKSADDLED CORALGROUPER LARVAE (Plectropoma laevis LACEPÈDE, 1801) AND THEIR CONSUMPTION RATE TO ZOOPLANKTON ROTIFER (Brachionus rotundiformis)
Authors: Melianawati Regina , Astuti Ni Wayan Widya , Astuti Ni Wayan Widya , Slamet Bejo , Slamet Bejo
Published: October 2017

Blacksaddled coralgrouper Plectropoma laevis has been started to conserve to prevent from over exploitation. The study purposes were to determine the growth pattern during larvae to juvenile stage of Blacksaddled coralgrouper and their consumption rate to zooplankton rotifers Brachionus rotundiformis. Domesticated broodstocks have been rearing in 100,000 l concrete tanks. The eggs from spawning broodstocks were hatched and the larvae have been kept to juvenile. Larvae rearing was done in 6,000 l concrete tanks. During the rearing period, larvae were fed with zooplankton rotifer, artemia and artificial food. Parameters measured were eggs and oil globule diameter, larval total length, length of larval dorsal fin and ventral fin, the number of zooplankton that consumed by larvae and water temperature. Microscopic method was used to measure the parameters. The result showed that eggs and oil globule diameter ranged in 800-850 μm and 168-200 μm, respectively. Total length of newly hatched larvae was 2.53±0.13 mm. The growth pattern of total length from larva to juvenile stage was exponential, while the growth pattern of dorsal fin and ventral fin length was linear. Larvae grew very fast after 35 days old. The pattern of larval consumption rate to zooplankton rotifers was linear. Time period from larvae to juvenile stage was 45-55 days on water temperature 27-29oC.

Keywords: growth, consumption rate, rotifers, larvae, Blacksaddled coralgrouper
THE GRUNTS (FAMILY HAEMULIDAE) OF THE SPERMONDE ARCHIPELAGO, SOUTH SULAWESI
Authors: Burhanuddin Andi Iqbal , Iwatsuki Yukio
Published: October 2017

Fish diversity monitoring could be utilized as a basis for formulating management regulation of the fisheries resources. This study was conducted to describe the grunt of the family Haemulidae from the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi. Specimens were collected in Rajawali and Paotere Fish Landing Port Makassar, South Sulawesi from August 2003 to November 2010. The results showed that there were thirteen species representing three genera of family Haemulidae inhabiting the area were examined and identified: Diagramma pictum (Thunberg, 1792), Plectorhinchus albovittatus (Rüppell, 1838), Plectorhinchus chaetodonoides Lacepède, 1801, Plectorhinchus chrysotaenia (Bleeker, 1855), Plectorhinchus flavomaculatus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830), Plectorhinchus gibbosus Lacepède, 1802, Plectorhinchus lessonii (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830), Plectorhinchus lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Plectorhinchus picus (Cuvier in Cuvier and Valenciennes, 1830), Plectorhinchus polytaenia (Bleeker, 1852), Plectorhinchus vittatus (Linnaeus, 1758), Pomadasys argenteus (Forsskål, 1775), Pomadasys maculatus (Bloch, 1793). The local name available of each species was given.

Keywords: grunt, haemulidae, spermonde, south Sulawesi
OPTIMALIZATION OF FEED DOSAGE AND FREQUENCY IN PRODUCTION OF ROTIFER (Brachionus rotundiformis)
Authors: Astuti Rina P. , Sagala Sophia L. , Gunawan Gunawan , Sumiarsa Gede S. , Imanto Philip T.
Published: October 2017

The availability of rotifer as live food is importance in a larval mariculture. Therefore a continuous and high production of rotifer is needed. The study was aimed to determine the frequency and dosage of the best food in rotifer culture. Nannochloropsis oculata, yeast and scott’s emulsion are used as potential feeds for rotifer. Three dosages of N. oculata (150,000; 250,000, and 350,000 cells/ind.rotifer/day) were applied in the study and were given twice per day. Meanwhile, yeast(0.5 g/106 ind./day) and Scott’s emulsion with different dosages (2, 4, and 8 μg/106 ind./day) were given with two different feeding frequencies (two and four times a day) for each dosages. Each treatment was done in triplicates. Sampling of rotifer was conducted in the morning (AM) and afternoon (PM). Water quality (temperature, dissolved oxygen and ammonia) was also measured. Growth and productivity of rotifer were determined from the number of rotifer and the number of rotifer eggs, respectively. The results showed that the optimum productivity of rotifer was achieved by giving N. occulata of 250,000 sel/ind/day, twice a day in four days culture. Meanwhile, treatment with yeast and Scott’s emulsion gave best performance when applying 0.5 g/106 and 2 μg/106 ind./day twice per day, respectively. Yeast and scott’s emulsion treatment yielded optimum production in two days of culture.

Keywords: rotifer, productivity, yeast, Scott’s emulsion, foodd dosage
FOULING ORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH MANGROVE IN AMBON INNER BAY
Authors: Tapilatu Yosmina , Pelasula Daniel
Published: October 2017

Limited literatures exist on fouling organisms attached to mangrove in Ambon Inner Bay (AIB). The purpose of this research is to obtain updated information on fouling organism in this ecosystem. Samplings were carried out in two periods, representing first transition period and west monsoons, at two different locations in AIB (Poka and Kate-kate). Methods used were direct observation and descriptive exploration during sampling. Fouling organisms and mangrove type were identified using identification books. The results obtained indicate that predominant organisms belonged to mollusks and crustacea. Four gastropod species (Littorina scabra, Nerita oualaniens, Terebralia sulcata, Cassidula nucleus) and one bivalve (Saccostrea cucullata) were identified. Clibanarius ambonensis and Cardisoma carnifex were the species identified from crustacea group. Type of mangrove found, either naturally or through replanting program in Poka were Rhizophora apiculata, R. stylosa and Sonneratia alba. There were four different species found in Kate-kate (S. alba, R. apiculata, Ceriops tagal and Aegiceras corniculatum).

Keywords: fouling organisms, mangrove ecosystem, Ambon Inner Bay
NUTRIENT PHOSPHATE, NITRATE AND SILICATE DISTRIBUTION OF NATUNA ARCHIPELAGO WATERS
Authors: Muchtar Muswerry
Published: October 2017

Research on phosphate, nitrate and silicate distributions of Natuna ArchipelagoWaters was conducted using RV Baruna Jaya VIII in April  2011.  Concentration of phosphate, nitrate and silicate were analyses by Spectrophotometry. The purpose of the study was to assess  the distribution of nutrients as fertility indicator of marine life. The results showed that the phosphate concentration at surface layer of Subi, Bunguran,  and Laut islands ranged from 0,04 to 0,22 µg A/l, 0,04 to 0,18 µg A/l and from 0,04 to 0,13 µg A/l, with average  0,11 µgA/l, 0,08 µgA/l and  0,07 µg A/l,  respectivelly. Concentration of nitrate ranged from 0,31 to 4,90 µg A/l, 0,23 to 2,29 µg A/l and from 0,14 to 0,32   µg A/l with average of 90 µgA/l, 0,78 µg A/l and  0,22 µg A/l, respectivelly. Silicate concentration  ranged from 2,97 to 5,35  µg A/l, 2,28 to 4,85  µg A/l and from 2,28 to 3,57 µg A/l with average  4,49 µgA/l, 3,62 µg A/l and 3,02 µg A/l,respectivelly. While phosphate concentration at bottom layer of Subi, Bunguran  and Laut  islands ranged from 0,04-0,27 µg A/l,  0,04-0,31 µg A/l and 0,09-0,22µg A/l,, with average  0,13 µgA/l, 0,13 µgA/l dan 0,12, µg A/l  respectivelly. Concentration of nitrate  ranged  from 2,59-5,61µg A/l, 0,73-4,75 µg A/l and 2,06-3,03 µg A/l with average  2,85 µgA/l, 3,14 µg A/l and 2,49 µg A/ respectivelly. Silicate concentration in Subi, Bunguran and Laut Islands ranged from  4,46-6,21 µg A/l, 3,20-5,84  µg A/l dan 3,07-4,66 µg A/l with average 5,323,73 µgA/l, 4,74 µg A/l dan 3,73 µg A/l. In general concentration of those nutrient of Natuna Archipelago waters  was still within the Standard Quality set by the Ministery of Environment (KMNLH).

Keywords: nutrient, phosphate, nitrate, silicate, Natuna Archipelago waters.
ECOTOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN TANJUNG BALAI DISTRICT, NORTH SUMATERA: MANGROVE FOREST ECOLOGICAL FACTORS
Authors: Fahriansyah Fahriansyah , Yoswaty Dessy
Published: October 2017

District of Tanjungbalai characterized by mangrove ecosystem with mud and sandy beaches has the potential to be developed for marine ecotourism. One way to maintain the existence of mangrove forests from destruction or extinction is to develop the Tanjungbalai district to be an ecotourism area. The research objective was to determine the potential ecological mangrove forest to be developed as an ecotourism area. The study was conducted in August-November 2011, using survey methods. Primary data were obtained through direct observation in the village of Bagan Asahan, Asahan Mati and Sungai Apung on mangrove community structure (density value) and ecological potential. Data analyses for suitability tourism index were based on Yulianda (2007). The results showed that the mangrove forest in the Tanjungbalai District had a good density in the category of very dense (the value of 1778 ind./Ha), mainly consisting of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Xylocarpus granatum, Rhizophora mucronata and Rhizophora apiculata. Suitability tourism index in the Tanjungbalai District was very suitable (S1) for mangrove tourism development including Village of Bagan Asahan (score 65, IKW 85.53%), Asahan Mati (score 61, IKW 80.26%) and Asahan Apung (score of 61, IKW 80.26%). Ecologically, mangrove forests in the district of Tanjungbalai is potential to serve as a mangrove ecotourism area.

Keywords: mangrove forest, potential ecological, ecotourism development
THE COMPOSITION AND DISTRIBUTION OF BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA AT CORAL REEF ECOSYSTEM IN THOUSANDS ISLAND
Authors: Toruan Lumban Nauli Lumban , Soedharma Dedi , Dewi Kresna Tri
Published: October 2017

Composition and distribution of foraminifers are affected by human activities and have close association with coral reef ecosystem. The aims of this research were to investigate the benthic foraminifers’ composition and distribution in sediment of coral reef ecosystem. Eleven stations of Karang Bongkok, Pramuka, and Onrust Island were observed in this study. The sediments were taken from surface substrate up to 2 cm under the substrate. Samples were washed on sieve with mesh size 0,063 mm, and then dried in oven with 50°C of temperature  for two hours. After separating from the sediment, the foraminifers were laid on foraminiferal slide and indentified using binocular microscope. The highest composition of symbiont-bearing foraminiferal assemblages which associated with reef ecosystem was in East Pramuka (78.17%) and the lowest was in South Onrust (21,83%). The opportunistic type had the highest composition in South Onrust (38.67%) and the lowest was in South Karang Bongkok. In west Pramuka had the highest composition of heterotrophic type (57.17%) and the lowest was in North Onrust (11.33%). Onrust Island was dominated by opportunistic type, indicating high nutrient. The highest amount of foraminifers’ taxa was found in Karang Bongkok with good coral reef coverage, while the lowest in Onrust facing with Jakarta Bay.

Keywords: composition, distribution, benthic foraminifers, coral reef.
BENTHIC FORAMINIFERA AS BIOINDICATOR OF CORAL REEF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION BASED ON FORAM Index IN NATUNA ISLANDS, PROVINCE OF RIAU ISLANDS
Authors: Gitaputri Kinanti , Kasmara Hikmat , Kasmara Hikmat , Kasmara Hikmat , Erawan Tatang S. , M. Suhartati , Erawan Tatang S. , Erawan Tatang S. , M. Suhartati , M. Suhartati
Published: October 2017

Foraminifera is one of single-celled protozoa, living in the water environment especially marine waters. This organism can be used as bioindicator of environmental conditions of coral reefs through a simple index called FORAM Index. The purpose of this research are to obtain FORAM Index values​, to know any species of benthic foraminifera bioindicator of coral reefs environmental conditions that have been found and to find out whether there is a relationship between FORAM Index to the condition of coral reefs based on coral coverage percentage. The research used survey method on sediment sampling and measurement of environment parameters by P20 LIPI team in April 2011. Several important steps in this research such as sediment samples preparation, sample observation, and sample identification. The results showed that there were 80 species and 31 genera benthic foraminifera bioindicator of coral reefs environmental conditions were found in the Natuna Islands. The condition of coral reefs in the Natuna Islands based on FORAM Index (FI) values ​​ranged from 2.6 to 5.94, and overall there was a positive relationship between FORAM Index and the condition of coral reefs based on coral coverage percentage i.e., the increase of FI was followed by the increase of coral coverage percentage.  However, in the terms of correlation there were several different results, there was a strong correlation and a weak correlation.

Keywords: foraminifera, FORAM index, coral reef.
TEMPERATURE VARIABILITY AT SENUNU BAY, WEST SUMBAWA
Authors: Hidayat Syamsul , Purba Mulia , Waworuntu Jorina
Published: October 2017

The purposes of this study were to determine the variability of temperature and its relation to regional processes in the Senunu Bay. The result showed clear vertical stratifications i.e., mixed layer thickness about 39-119 m with isotherm of 27°C, thermocline layer thickness about 83-204 m with isotherm of 14–26°C, and  the deeper layer from the thermocline lower limit to the sea bottom with isotherm <13°C. Temperature and the thickness of each layers varied with season in which during the Northwest Monsoon the temperature was warmer and the mixed layer was thicker than those during Southeast Monsoon. During Southeast Monsoon, the thermocline layer rose  about 24 m. The 2001, 2006, and 2009 (weak La Nina years),  the Indonesia Throughflow (ITF) carried warmer water, deepening thermocline depth and reducing upwelling strength.  In 2003 and 2008 thickening of mixed layer occurred in transition season  was believed  associated with the  arrival of Kelvin Wave from the west. In 2002 and 2004 (weak El Nino period,) ITF carries colder water shallowing thermocline depth and enhancing upwelling strength. In 2007 was believed to be related with positive IODM where the sea surface temperature were decreasing due to intensification of southeast wind which induced strong upwelling. The temperature spectral density of mixed layer and thermocline was influenced by annual, semi-annual, intra-annual and inter-annual period fluctuations. The cross-correlation between wind and temperature showed significant value in the annual period.

 

Keywords: temperature, thermocline, variability, ENSO, IODM.
SEASONAL SURFACE GEOSTROPHIC CURRENT IN ARAFURA-TIMOR WATERS
Authors: Ramadyan Fachry , Radjawane Ivonne M.
Published: October 2017

Research on the seasonal geostrophic surface current during 2002-2011 in Arafura-Timor waters was conducted using satellite altimetry data. Those data were absolute dynamic topography and absolute geostrophic velocity data taken from Archiving Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic data (AVISO). The dynamics of geostrophic surface current varied in every monsoon due to the difference in absolute dynamic topography. During  northwest (NW) season, the absolut dynamic topography in Arafura Sea was higher than in Timor Sea by an average difference of 0.1–0.2 m and the geostrophic surface current moved from Arafura Sea toward Timor Sea. During southeast (SE) season, the absolute dynamic topography in Arafura Sea lower than Timor Sea with an average difference of   0.03-0.04 m. In this season, upwelling occurs  in Banda  Sea and sea surface  water in this region  becomes  lower and  the current moved from  Arafura Sea  to Banda  Sea. The absolut dynamic topography difference between Arafura Sea and Timor Sea in NW and SE monsoons was 0.05–0.06 m and so the geostrophic surface current moved from Arafura Sea toward Timor Sea. In Timor Sea, the current moved southwest towards the Indian Ocean. In NW and SE Monsoons the the velocity of surface geostrophic current in  Timor  Sea  (0,3 m/sec) was  higher compare in Arafura Sea (0.2 m/sec)  due to the configuration of island  surround  the Timor Sea  and  its topography.

 

Keywords: Geostrophic surface current, altimetrysatellite, Arafura-Timor Sea

 
HEREDITY OF BAND PATTERN IN CLOWN FISH, Amphiprion percula
Authors: Sembiring Sari B.M. , Setiawati K.M. , Hutapea J.H. , Subamia W.
Published: October 2017

One of marine ornamental fishes which was succeeded on its breeding, from eggs production to larval and juvenile rearing at Institute for Mariculture Research and Development, Gondol was Clown fish, Amphiprion percula. In local name, the fish also known as Biak Clown fish. In culture development, the fish frequently faced the problem on color pattern which was not meet with export demand. The fish should be bright orange and thin black stripe pattern. In this experiment, analysis was conducted to understand the juvenile color variation produced from 3 pairs broodstock. Larvae and juvenile were reared in the indoor hatchery for 2-3 months,then reared at outdoor tanks for other 3-4 months. Amplification of broodstock and juvenile genoms using specific primer for pigment sequens. Parameters observed on juvenile were classified into three color pattern classes i.e., class I (thick black stripe and disperse), class II(thick black stripe), and class III (thin black stripe). Numbers of juvenile analyzed from its pair broodstock and each class were 2-3 fishes. Color perform similarity coefficient was analyzed  molecularly using sequencing. Sequencing process followed: DNA isolation, amplification using   gen Tyr primer, purification PCR product and finally DNA sequencing. Sequencing analyses of PCR product, after alignment  showed that similarity coefficient of color pattern of class I, II, and III between broodstock and juvenile was only 50 %, and phenotipically, color pattern appeared on juvenile were different than its broodstock. The changes of color perform on Clown fish also affected by interaction between genotype and environment and feed pigment concentration.

Keywords:  heredity, color pattern, Tyr gene, clown fish, A. percula
THE COMPOSITION OF SPESIES AND CHANGES IN REEF FISHES COMMUNITY AT ECOREEF REHABILITATION SITE, MANADO TUA ISLAND, BUNAKEN NATIONAL PARK
Authors: Setiawan Fakhrizal , Razak Tries B. , Idris Idris , Estradivari Estradivari
Published: October 2017

The study conducted from 2006 to 2012 with an interval of every two years in the ecoreef area of ​​ Manado Tua island found 2,936 individual reef fishes of 181 species that include into 32 families. Species composition value of the 10 dominant species of reef fishes was 55.48% of the total species. The highest number of species was Plotosus lineatus with schooling behavior which only discovered in 2010 at a depth of 3 meters. Ecoreef area of Manado Tua island, when analyzed from the abundance and biomass of reef fishes exhibited a succession of reef fish that have been stable, with peak abundance and higher biomass in 2008 and 2010. Reef fish found in ecoreef seemed to start a new living and become a new habitat for them. These were indicated by the highest biomass during the previous year but the number of individuals and spesies were decline. There was no change in the structure of reef fish communities in the ecoreef area of Manado Tua Island, which characterized by non significant different ecological index between the years. Cluster analyses grouped reef fish species into 2 groups i.e., the group of 2006 and the group of 2008, 2010, and 2012. Early survey in 2006 showed lower abundance of reef fish species for allegedly associated with low ecoreef organisms.

Keywords:  ecoreef, spesies composition, community structure, reef fish.
DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF ECHINODERMS AT WEDA BAY WATERS, NORTH MALUKU
Authors: Radjab Abdul Wahab , Rumahenga Semuel Agustinus , Soamole Ahmad , Polnaya Dominggus , Barends Wempy
Published: October 2017

Weda Bay located  at Halmahera Island, North Maluku was rich in fishes, sea cucumbers, crabs, shrimp, and alge resources. Research on diversity and density of echinoderms at Weda Bay, North Maluku was limited and therefore it was lack on data and information of the biota. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity and density of echinoderms at Weda Bay, North Maluku. This research was conducted in March 2013 including transects and free collection of 6 stations contained echinoderms. The results showed that the overall echinoderms were found 23 species of 17 generas, 12 families, 10 orders, and 5 classes. Based on classes, the highest density of echinoderms was Asteroidea of 0.0456 ind/m2 (43.76 %) foundin the seagrass sand  habitat.  Meanwhile,  the  lowest  density was  Crinoidea  of 0.0002 ind/m2 (0.19%) found in corals habitats.

Keywords: diversity, density, echinoderms, Weda bay, North Maluku.
PERFORMANCE OF GONAD MATURATION AND SPAWNED OF GROUPER BROODSTOCK CROSS BREEDING BETWEEN F-2 AND F-0
Authors: Djoko Tri , Haryanti Haryanti , Moria Sari Budi , Muzaki A , Wardana I K
Published: October 2017

In fish grouper escpecially humpback grouper culture, seed and broodstock quality and availability determine the production success. Main supply of wild broodstock still dominates grouper hatchery activities, therefore, the exploitation of the wild broodstock is very high. Efforts to use the supply of cultured broodstock through selection and breeding processes will greatly determine their culture success. The purpose of this experiment was to get seeds from the cross breeding between F-2 and F-0. The research used two (2) concrete tanks with volume of 75 m3 each. Each tank was filled with 20  fishes consisting of 10 fishes of F-2 and 10 fishes of F-0. The experiment was conducted the Institute of Mariculture Research and Development, Gondol, Bali. The result showed a good gonadal development and natural spawning of cross breeding between F-2 and F-0. Total number of eggs (1.320.000) was found the highest in May in tank A, while the highest fertilized eggs of 385.000 were found in June.  The SSCP analyses showed no difference in genetic characters of broodstock from cross-breeding between the female parent F-2 and F-0 male parent.

Keywords: Humpback Grouper, gonad, spawned, cross breeding, larvae
CHARACTERIZATION AND TOXICITY TEST OF PUFFER FISH FROM PAMEUNGPEUK WATERS, WEST JAVA
Authors: Deskawati Eka , Purwaningsih Sri , Ningsih Purwanti
Published: October 2017

A puffer fish contains a secondary metabolite toxic called tetrodotoxin (TTX), which can be used as an anesthetic and medication to relieve chronic pain for cancer patients. The purposes of this study were to determine the LC50 value and chemical composition of extracts from various tissues of puffer fishes as a first step to determine the further isolation of tetrodotoxin. In this study various tissues from meat, liver, skin, heart, and ovary of Arothron hispidus and Diodon hystrix species were extracted, characterized, and tested levels of toxicity using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) methods. Between the two puffer fishes studied, the highest toxicity was found in Arothron hispidus ovary with LC50 value of 29.65 ppm. Chemical constituents of the ovary were alkaloids, carbohydrates, and amino acids. Toxic compounds found in the extracts of puffer fish ovaries were tetrodotoxin which is a compound of the alkaloid class of secondary metabolites.

Keywords: Puffer fish, Arothron hispidus, Diodon hystrix, toxicity, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test
DISTRIBUTIONAND DIVERSITY OF MACRO ALGAE COMMUNITIES IN THE AMBON BAY
Authors: Litaay Christina
Published: October 2017

Water conditions affected by natural and anthropogenic parameters such as sedimentation and solid waste disposal can influence the growth and distribution of macro algae. Sustainable management efforts can reduce damage on the Gulf coast of Ambon due to human activities and land clearing. This study was conducted in October 2008 using the transect method with 3 replicates in five locations i.e., Tantui, Air Salobar, Hative Besar, Halong, and Lateri. The interior and exterior waters of Ambon Bay contained different habitat conditions due to  sedimentation processes. The purpose of this study was to determine the distribution and diversity of macro algae communities in the Ambon Bay. The results found 21 species of macro- algae consisting of 10 species of Rhodhophyceae, 6 species of Chlorophyceae, and 5 species of Phaeophyceae. The highest density value of seaweed in Tantui was 389.0 g/m² of Chlorophyceae of Halimeda genus. In Air Salobar and Halong, the highest density value was Rhodophyceae of Gracilaria genus of 172.0 g/m² and 155.0 g/m², respectively. For the other genus in the Tantui and Lateri regions were dominated by Ulva at 92.10 gr/m2 and Padina of 20.0 gr/m2, respectively. The highest dominance of macro algae in the Hative Besar was found Chlorophyceae of Halimeda genus of 2.93 %, in the Air Salobar of Phaeophyceae of Turbinaria genus of 1.43 %. The difference values in density and the dominance of macro algae indicated an influence of habitat and environment due to seasons, sediment, and solid waste disposal to the diversity of macro algae.

Keywords: Diversity, macro algae, Ambon Bay.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SEASON VARIATIONS AND DEPTH LEVEL ON THE GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF PEARL OYSTER SEEDS (Pinctada maxima) IN KAPONTORI BAY, BUTON ISLAND
Authors: Hamzah M S
Published: October 2017

The pearl oyster (P. maxima) farming particularly in the Kapontori Bay, Buton Island waters and in other areas had complained for the mass mortality of pearl oysters saplings on the shell width between 3-4 cm. The mass mortality, was allegedly as a result of changing in environmental conditions and triggered by the shift in seasons. This research aimed to determine the effect of seasonal variations in water conditions at different depth levels on growth and survival of seedlings of pearl oysters conducted on March 27, 2007 to February 28, 2008. This research was very useful for pearl oyster farming in an effort to suppress the mass mortality rates based on the appropriate level of depth and seasons. The variance analyses showed that depth levels affected the survival rates of the pearl oyster seeds significantly (P<0.01). Based on honest significantly difference test, it also showed that the percentage number of survival rate was found higher within the depth of 2m (93.33%). Based on the relationship analyses between length and weight of shell body in all depths indicated a similar growth pattern of  minor allometric (b<3). The growth, survival rate, and environmental conditions based on depth levels on pearl oyster saplings were discussed in this paper.

Keywords: Seasonal variation, survival rate, growth, pearl shell (P. maxima), depth level
SEAWATER QUALITY FOR SHRIMP MARICULTURE BASED ON MICROBIOLOGY PARAMETERS
Authors: Sutiknowati Lies Indah
Published: October 2017

Seawater quality plays an important factor for the success of mariculture such as microbiology paramater. The research aimed  to analize the waters quality for shrimp mariculture in Barru, Pangkep, and Maros based on bacteriology parameters.  The research were carried out in June 2012. Bacteriology parameters analysed were total coliform, E.coli, pathogen, heterotrophic, halotolerant, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria. Coliform and E.coli bacteria were analysed based on filtration. Pathogenic bacteria was identified using biochemical test. Heterotrophic, halotolerant, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria were analysed using pour plate. The results from shrimp aquaculture showed the total abundance of coliform cell of >1000 colony forming unit (cfu)/100 ml, E.coli of 0-4 cfu/100ml, heterotrophic bacteria of about (31-176)x103 cfu/ml, and halotolerant bacteria of about (31-375)x103 cfu/ml. The results from sediment for heterotrophic bacteria was about (350-3920)x103 cfu/ml, halotolerant of about (350-4980)3x10 cfu/ml, and phosphate-nitrate-ammonia bacteria of about 14-46 cfu/ml. The pathogen bacteria waere found such as genus Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Proteus, Citrobacter, Shigella and Yersinia. The dominant pathogens in shrimp aquaculture water and sediment were Proteus and Citrobacter. The results indicated that seawaters in Barru, Pangkep, and Maros can be used for mariculture including shrimp Panaeid.

Keywords: bacteria, parameter, marineculture, shrimp.
ISOLATION AND SCREENING OF ENDOPHYTIC MARINE FUNGI FOR CELLULASE PRODUCTION
Authors: Andhikawati Aulia , Oktavia Yulia , Ibrahim Bustami , Tarman Kustiariyah
Published: October 2017

Cellulolytic fungi are potentially useful in biotechnology. Decomposition of substrates containing cellulose can be applied in bioethanol and enzymes production. Fungi are one group of microorganisms that can decompose cellulase materials.  This study aimed to obtain potential cellulolytic fungi isolated from marine habitat. Screening of the fungi was performed using CBM media with different salinity. Six isolates were tested quantitatively for cellulolytic activity using congo red staining. Cellulolytic index of algicolous and manglicolous fungi were lower than those of EN isolate, Veronea sp. KT19, and sponge associate (SMH). Fungi cultured in freshwater and seawater media possessed higher cellulolytic index in compared to those of cultures in 3% NaCl medium. However, freshwater and seawater media showed no significant effect. Cellulolytic index of EN isolate, Veronaea sp. KT19, and SMH after six days of incubation were 1.357; 1.267, and 1.278, respectively. All six isolates potentially produced cellulase in all medium tested.

Keywords: Cellulolytic, cellulose, endophytes, enzyme
SEDIMENT DISTRIBUTION BASED ON GRAIN SIZE ANALYSES IN WEDA BAY, NORTHERN MALUKU
Authors: Nugroho Septriono Hari , Basit Abdul
Published: October 2017

An integrated study of sediment distribution was conducted in Weda Bay, Northern Maluku to provide general information on transportation and deposition process based on sediment grain size distribution. The study was conducted during the Weda Bay Expedition using the “Baruna Jaya VII” research vessel in March 13th –22th 2013. Sieving method (granulometric) was used to analyze the grain size. The results indicated that in general the pattern of sea floor sediment distribution was dominated by clay – sand grain-sized. The current speed influenced the sediment transport, deposition, and distribution.  Larger fractions of sediment were quickly settled on the sea floor due to stronger currents around Southern area (Widi islands), meanwhile the lesser fractions of the transported away into other places with weaker currents conditions.

Keywords: current, the Weda Bay expedition, granulometric, grain size, sediment distribution
WAVELET DENOISING APPLICATION ON CTD (CONDUCTIVITY TEMPERATURE DEPTH) SIGNALS TO IMPROVE THE QUALITY OF IDENTIFIED OVERTURN REGION
Authors: Naulita Yuli
Published: October 2017

Turbulent mixing process can be evaluated from density inversions in CTD profiles, that may reveal the overturning eddies. The quality of overturn regions are then determined by the quality of CTD signals. The study removed noise on CTD signals without losing small perturbation which commonly occurred by traditional filter.   By applying wavelet denoising in pre-processing data of Thorpe method, more Thorpe displacements indicated overturn regions, were able to detect especially in small density gradients. Therefore, the identified overturn region using the Thorpe method can be applied to a larger region of density gradients.

Keywoods: turbulent mixing, overturn, Thorpe method, Thorpe displacement, wavelet denoising.
COMMUNITY SOCIAL-ECOLOGY DYNAMICS ON MADAK CULTURE OF COASTAL REGION, WEST SUMBAWA
Authors: Tania A Lidya , Yulianda Fredinan , Adrianto Luky
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Madak  activity is a local  word for the people of Sumbawa to collect marine biota  in tidal area during the low tide. The purpose of this study was to determine social change in communities of West Sumbawa  for doing Madak culture. The study was conducted for 2 months in  ​​West Sumbawa. Data were collected through observation, questionnaire, and interviewing the Madak people. It seemed that Madak culture changed totally, especially in daily actvities. In the past, they used  tools that were environmentally friendly.  However, during this study, they tended to damage coastal environment by flipping the reef.

 Keywords: Social, ecology, Madak culture, west Sumbawa
WATER QUALITY AND ITS EFFECT ON GROWTH AND SURVIVAL RATE OF LOBSTER REARED IN FLOATING NET CAGE IN EKAS BAY, WEST NUSA TENGGARA PROVINCE
Authors: Junaidi Muhammad , Hamzah Mat Sardi
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

The development of lobster farming in floating net cage in Ekas Bay caused an environmental degradation such as decrease water quality due to some aquaculture wastes. The purposes of this study were to determine the status of water quality and their effect on growth and survival rate of lobster reared in floating net cages (FNC) in the Ekas Bay, West Nusa Tenggara Province. Water sample collection and handling referred to the APHA (1992). Analyses of water quality data were conducted using Principal Component Analysis. Determination of the water quality status of Ekas Bay was performed with STORET system. Multivariate analyses were used to determine the relationship between water quality, growth, and survival rate of lobster reared in FNC. Results showed that Ekas Bay water quality status was categorized in class C (medium contaminated), which exceeded some quality standard parameters such as ammonia (0.3 mg/l), nitrate (0.008 mg/l), and phosphate (0.015 mg/l). During lobster farming activities feeding with trash fish for 270 days, we obtained daily growth rate of  0.74% (lower than normal growth rate of 0.86%), survival rate of 66% (lower than normal survival rate of 86.7%), and feed conversion ratio of 11.15. Ammonia was found as a dominant factor reducing growth  and survival rate of lobster reared in FNC.

 Keywords: water quality, lobsters, growth, survival, Ekas Bay
TOPOGRAPHICALLY INDUCED TURBULENCE ON CONTINENTAL SHELF OFF JOGASHIMA, SAGAMI BAY, JAPAN
Authors: Naulita Yuli
Published: October 2017

ABSTRACT

Direct turbulence measurements using TurboMAP over a “small ridge” on the continental shelf off Jogashima, Sagami Bay, Japan  revealed an active layer of topographically induced turbulence.  The active layer  ( = 10-7 - 10-6 W kg-1)  located at  mid-depth  of 200 – 250 m, occurred on alternate side of  “small ridge” depending on the direction of the tidal current.  This active layer was accompanied by rebounded-isopycnal surfaces 26.0 - 26.1 σθ ,  in which all in qualitative manner showed an internal hydraulic flow control on the shelf. The turbulence friction velocity was two order of magnitude lower than observed- in this active layer explaining a less role of bottom friction than hydraulic flow to the high turbulence layer.

 Keywords: topographically induced turbulence, continental shelf, internal hydraulic flow
PHYTOPLANKTON COMPOSITION AND ITS RELATION TO PEARL OYSTER AQUACULTURE (Pinctada maxima) IN SEKOTONG, WEST NUSA TENGGARA
Authors: Fathurrahman . , Aunurohim . , Fahmi Varian
Published: October 2017

Pearl oyster aquaculture is one of the marine industries that is currently growing in West Nusa Tenggara. Pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) is a common species of oyster that cultivated in West Nusa Tenggara waters. A suitable location is an important factor for the success of pearl aquaculture industry. It needs a good water quality and supported by appropriate physical parameters for other marine biotas. The aim of this research was to analize phytoplankton composition (biological parameter) and it correlation to the Sekotong water condition for pearl farming production. The result showed that the pearl farming location has good water condition according to physio-chemical parameter and water nutrients. All parameters were in suitable range for the growth and development of pearl oysters.

 Keywords: pearl farming, phytoplankton, Pinctada maxima, West Nusta Tenggara
EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF CARRAGEENAN Kappaphycus alvarezii FROM COAST OF KUTAI TIMUR DISTRICT
Authors: Asikin Andi Noor , Kusumaningrum Indrati , Sutono Doddy
Published: October 2017

Carrageenan is a gelling form of polysaccharide obtained from extraction process of red seaweeds (Rhodophyceae) including Kappaphycus alvarezii. Carrageenan is widely used for pharmacy, cosmetics,  food,  gelling,  and  binding  agent  as  well  as  emulsifier  and  stabi-lizer. The quality of carrageenan is affected by several factors, one of them such as concen-tration of KOH. The objectives of this research were to define the best concentration of KOH for extraction and characterize the functional properties. Functional properties of carrageen-an in this research were sulphate content, acid insoluble ash, gell strength, fiber, and whiteness. The experimental design used for this research was completely ran-domized design with four treatments of KOH concentrations i.e. 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%.  The study showed that the use of KOH concentarion of 7% resulted the best of carrageenan quality containing 24.36% sulphate, 1.96% acid insoluble ash, 17.80 g/cm2 gell strength, 8.94% fiber and 58.91% whiteness.

 Keywords: carrageenan, extraction, functional properties, Kalium Hydroxide, Kappaphycus alvarezii
CORAL REEF SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION IN WANGI-WANGI ISLAND WATERS, WAKATOBI
Authors: Yulius . , Novianti Nadya , Arifin Taslim , Salim Hadiwijaya L. , Ramdhan Muhammad , Purbani Dini
Published: October 2017

Coral reefs contribute significant benefits in coastal area in Wangi-wangi Island, Wakatobi in terms of their ecological functions to marine biota and socio-economical services to local coastal communities. Therefore, it is importance to observe coral reef condition and its spatial distribution around Wangi-wangi island waters, Wakatobi. In this study Point Intercept Transect (PIT) and GIS tools were used to observe and analyze coral reef condition in Wangi-wangi island waters, Wakatobi. The results showed that coral reef condition in Wangi-wangi island waters can be categorized into moderate and good conditions with coverage percentage ranging from 28 – 60%. Based on spatial analysis non-acropora coral was found in greater cover percentages in Waha village, Sombu village, and Kapota island than other locations. Soft coral cover percentage was also found in larger cover percentage in Waha and  Sombu regions than other locations.

 Keywords: coral reefs, geographic information system (GIS), Wangi-wangi Island