bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinicians’ Experiences in Transgender Healthcare: The Impact of Sexology Training on Roles, Challenges, and Solutions
Authors: Carvalho Sérgio A. , Forte Teresa , Manão Andreia A. , Pascoal Patrícia M.
Published: December 2024

Despite the critical role of clinicians in facilitating access to healthcare by transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people, their insight and practice-based knowledge have been underresearched. Also, they may complement TGD people's experiences by giving an insider perspective. This exploratory qualitative study, conducted online in a sample of 25 clinicians who work with TGD people (n = 11 clinical sexologists), explores how clinicians working with TGD people in Portugal perceive healthcare provision to TGD people, using a summative content analysis. Results showed that clinicians perceive their role to be all-encompassing, ranging from helping to cope with individual and interpersonal issues, and to cope with other health services. Participants highlighted the increase of TGD people’s visibility, awareness, and scientific knowledge, albeit more is needed as evidenced by several challenges derived from clinicians (e.g., lack of national guidelines, lack of training for standardized care, and lack of professional skills) and from the TGD clients (e.g., unrealistic expectations and lack of compliance). The proposed solutions include increasing the investment in specialized training and human resources, raising awareness within the healthcare system, and increasing interdisciplinary specialized care. Clinicians specialized in clinical sexology highlighted changes in scientific knowledge, more available evidence, and a need for socio-political changes and awareness raising. This study reveals that healthcare providers are self-critical but also reflect upon the difficulties of navigating between organizational, human, and personal constraints, claiming that to provide better healthcare there, policymakers must take concerted measures that can have a social impact.
Self-control design reveals varied lactation and metabolic responses to rumen-protected methionine in dairy cows
Authors: Wei Zi-Hai , Liang Shu-Lin , Gu Feng-Fei , Wamatu Jane , Sun Hui-Zeng
Published: December 2024

One hundred and thirteen mid-lactation cows fed same diets and supplemented with 20 g/d rumen-protected methionine (RPM) for 8 weeks were used to investigate the individual responses of dairy cows to RPM in terms of lactation performance, amino acids (AA) metabolism, and milk metabolites. Among the cows, 10 cows exhibited positive responses (PR) and 10 cows showed limited responses (LR) in energy-corrected milk yield to RPM were used for further analysis. The lactation performance changed from gradual decline to steady increase in PR cows, while kept downward trend in LR cows following RPM supplementation. In PR cows, the AA metabolism was notably enhanced after RPM supplementation, evidenced by increased mammary blood flow (69.4%, P = 0.05), mammary uptake and clearance rate and uptake-to-output ratio (U:O) of essential AA. The improved AA metabolism could be attributed to the enrichment of pyrimidine (P = 0.06) and pyruvate (P = 0.07) metabolism pathways, which may have stimulated mammary cell proliferation and enhanced AA uptake. Additionally, the upregulation of milk biotin (fold change > 2, variable importance projection > 1), known to support milk yield, likely contributed to the PR observed in PR cows. Conversely, in LR cows, RPM supplementation did not improve AA metabolism, decrease was observed in mammary uptake, mammary clearance rate, and U:O of cysteine, potentially due to cysteine being irreversibly converted from methionine. Moreover, the enrichment of central carbon metabolism in cancer pathway (P = 0.06), which also utilize methionine, along with the lysine degradation pathway (P = 0.04), suggests that methionine in the mammary glands may have been diverted toward non-lactational metabolic processes, resulting in absence of PR in LR cows. Our results indicate that the responses to RPM in dairy cows are individualized, with variation in lactation performance likely driven by differential AA metabolism.
Transforming research recruitment: Leveraging EHR systems and patient portals
Authors: Schwinne Megan , Woods Edward , Chan Barney , Speight Candace D. , Corry Vivian , Dickert Neal W. , Najarro Gabriel R.
Published: December 2024

Electronic health records and patient portals are increasingly utilized to enhance research recruitment efficiency, yet response patterns across patient groups remain unclear. We examined 10 studies at Emory Healthcare that used these tools to identify and recruit 24,000 patients over 1 year. Response rates were lower among males and Black individuals, though study interest was higher among respondents. Interest was also greater among those with frequent healthcare interactions and lower comorbidity. In a large academic health system, portal-based recruitment offered a streamlined approach to research recruitment and patient engagement, with minor variations across patient characteristics warranting continued study.
Honest Computing: achieving demonstrable data lineage and provenance for driving data and process-sensitive policies
Authors: Guitton Florian , Oehmichen Axel , Bossé Étienne , Guo Yike
Published: December 2024

Data is the foundation of any scientific, industrial, or commercial process. Its journey flows from collection to transport, storage, and processing. While best practices and regulations guide its management and protection, recent events have underscored their vulnerabilities. Academic research and commercial data handling have been marred by scandals, revealing the brittleness of data management. Data is susceptible to undue disclosures, leaks, losses, manipulation, or fabrication. These incidents often occur without visibility or accountability, necessitating a systematic structure for safe, honest, and auditable data management. We introduce the concept of Honest Computing as the practice and approach that emphasizes transparency, integrity, and ethical behaviour within the realm of computing and technology. It ensures that computer systems and software operate honestly and reliably without hidden agendas, biases, or unethical practices. It enables privacy and confidentiality of data and code by design and default. We also introduce a reference framework to achieve demonstrable data lineage and provenance, contrasting it with Secure Computing, a related but differently orientated form of computing. At its core, Honest Computing leverages Trustless Computing, Confidential Computing, Distributed Computing, Cryptography, and AAA security concepts. Honest Computing opens new ways of creating technology-based processes and workflows which permit the migration of regulatory frameworks for data protection from principle-based approaches to rule-based ones. Addressing use cases in many fields, from AI model protection and ethical layering to digital currency formation for finance and banking, trading, and healthcare, this foundational layer approach can help define new standards for appropriate data custody and processing.
Multiscale modelling and simulation of coexisting turbulent and rarefied gas flows
Authors: Tian Songyan , Wu Lei
Published: December 2024

Simulating complex gas flows from turbulent to rarefied regimes is a long-standing challenge, since turbulence and rarefied flow represent contrasting extremes of computational aerodynamics. We propose a multiscale method to bridge this gap. Our method builds upon the general synthetic iterative scheme for the mesoscopic Boltzmann equation, and integrates the

$k$

–

$\omega$

model in the macroscopic synthetic equation to address turbulent effects. Asymptotic analysis and numerical simulations show that the macroscopic–mesoscopic coupling adaptively selects the turbulence model and the laminar Boltzmann equation. The multiscale method is then applied to opposing jet problems in hypersonic flight surrounding by rarefied gas flows, showing that the turbulence could cause significant effects on the surface heat flux, which cannot be captured by the turbulent model nor the laminar Boltzmann solution alone. This study provides a viable framework for advancing understanding of the interaction between turbulent and rarefied gas flows.
To Glorify the Ancestors: How CEOs' Clan Values Affect Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Wang Yue , Tang Yi , Wang Tao
Published: December 2024

CEOs who develop strong clan values as a result of exposure to clan culture in early life wish to bring honor to their clan, motivating them to engage in increased CSR activities. We propose that the influence of CEOs' clan values on CSR is subject to contextual boundaries. Specifically, we predict that the positive relationship between CEOs' clan values and CSR results primarily in an improved level of institutional CSR and varies with CEOs' personal attributes such as overseas experience and hometown identity. An analysis of a longitudinal sample of Chinese publicly listed firms for 2010–2019 provides strong support for our predictions. The implications for upper echelons theory and CSR research are discussed.
Venetian Control of Information Flows with Constantinople and the Soft Power of a Renaissance State
Authors: Kittler Juraj
Published: December 2024

The ability to control international flows of information constitutes one of the core elements of the soft power of any modern state aspiring to exercise some level of regional or global hegemony. This phenomenon has been previously examined by those who study long-distance communications mainly in the context of the nineteenth-century telegraph or the twentieth-century broadcast. However, inquiries focusing on the analogous historical role performed by the postal service during the early modern era are much more scarce. Building upon this premise, this study examines the strategic advantages gained by the Republic of Venice through its control of the mail exchange between Europe and the Middle East – a de facto postal monopoly established during the sixteenth century. Venice deliberately subsidized this service in order to prevent the rise of potential competition. Despite the substantial cost, this was seen as an effective investment through which the republic gained a set of tangible strategic advantages. In particular, it helped to extend Venice’s relevance on the European political scene long past the point when its traditional political, economic, and naval–military power was already fading away.
The rising cost of infective endocarditis in West Virginia
Authors: Bhandari Ruchi , Abdulhay Noor , Wiener R. Constance , Smith Dalton , Fisher Melanie
Published: December 2024

The financial burden of hospitalization from life-threatening infectious diseases on the U.S. healthcare system is substantial and continues to increase. The purpose of this study was to identify key predictors of high hospital charges for infective endocarditis at a major university-affiliated cardiac care centre in West Virginia.

A retrospective electronic medical records’ review was undertaken of all adult patients admitted for endocarditis between 2014–2018. Multiple linear regression analysis assessed the total charges billed to the patient account for their endocarditis hospitalization in the medical record.

Hospital charges have increased 12-fold during 2014–2018. Among the 486 patients, the median hospital charge was $198 678. About 47% of the patients underwent surgery incurring 70% of the total charges. Patients with hospital stays of ≥50 days accounted for a third of all charges. The multiple linear regression model accounted for 85% of the linear variance in the hospital charges. Median charges increased by 30.87% for patients with ≥9 consultations, 60.32% for those who died in the hospital, and 81.85% for those who underwent surgical intervention.

The study findings showed that complex care requiring multiple consultations, surgical interventions, and longer hospital stays were significantly associated with higher hospital charges for endocarditis treatment.
Transposition of the great arteries with an intact ventricular septum in older children
Authors: Zhou Xiaowei , Luo Fanyan , Bu Haisong
Published: December 2024

Complete transposition of the great arteries is a common life-threatening complex cyanotic congenital heart disease in infants, resulting in the operation usually performed about one week after birth. However, little is known about the surgical strategy and experience of transposition of the great arteries with an intact ventricular septum in older patients. Herein, we present an abandoned 7-year-old boy with severe cyanosis with clubbed fingers and toes and then diagnosed with transposition of the great arteries with an intact ventricular septum, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, and pulmonary hypertension. The patient underwent a two-staged procedure: an aortopulmonary shunt and pulmonary artery banding were performed at the first stage, followed by the Switch operation, defect repair, and patent ductus arteriosus ligation, all of which were successfully performed. The patient was discharged on the 15th day after the operation, and the arterial oxygen saturation returned to normal level (99%). The illustrative report highlights the essence of raising awareness and developing accurate treatment strategy of transposition of the great arteries, especially in remote rural areas of eastern countries, where the level of health care and services is relatively underdeveloped.
V2 is not difficult to all learners in all contexts: a cross-sectional study of L2 Danish
Authors: Søby Katrine Falcon , Kristensen Line Burholt
Published: December 2024

In a cross-sectional study of L2 Danish, we examined the production of correct verb-second (V2) word order. We tested the effect of (1) the learners’ language background, (2) test level and (3) the length of the sentence constituents. The texts were written by 217 students (3 test levels (A2-B1), 52 different L1s). Interrogative clauses had high accuracy, but 25% of the 491 declarative sentences with non-initial subjects had incorrect V3 word order. Our study shows that V2 is not difficult for all learners. Learners whose L1 is a V2 language had a significantly higher share of correct V2 word order, and they never overused V2. For non-V2 learners, the share of correct V2 significantly increased with proficiency level. For constituent length, accuracy decreased significantly with the length of the first constituent and for subjects consisting of multiple words.
The “code-switching issue”: transition from (socio)linguistic to cognitive research
Authors: Cedden Gülay , Meyer Patric , Özkara Basak , von Stutterheim Christiane
Published: December 2024

This review investigates the complex dynamics of code-switching (CS), the spontaneous alternation between languages within a conversation, particularly its implications for cognitive processes like executive functions (EFs). Analysing post-2015 studies, it critically assesses 23 experiments. Through stringent criteria and comprehensive search strategies, the review identifies factors influencing CS types and their impact on cognition, highlighting methodological inconsistencies and confounds. It highlights the evolving perspectives on CS, ranging from pragmatic approaches emphasizing communicative functions to structural analyses focusing on linguistic constraints. It underscores the importance of considering factors such as language competence, typological proximity and cognitive processes in understanding CS behaviour. It emphasizes the need for precise CS typology assessment to understand the complex link between CS behaviour and cognitive functioning, bridging linguistic and cognitive domains. This review contributes to clarifying inconsistencies in CS research methodology and findings, aiming to elucidate the factors influencing CS types and their implications for cognition.
DISSIPATION OF WAVE ENERGY AND MITIGATION OF WAVE FORCE BY MULTIPLE FLEXIBLE POROUS PLATES
Authors: SASMAL ANJAN , DE SOUMEN
Published: December 2024

The hydroelastic interaction between water waves and multiple submerged porous elastic plates of arbitrary lengths in deep water is examined using the Galerkin approximation technique. We observe the influence of flexible porous plates of arbitrary lengths by analysing the reflection coefficient, dissipated energy and wave forces acting on the plates. Results are presented for various values of angle of incidence, separation lengths of plates, porosity levels, submergence depth and flexural rigidity. The convergence and accuracy of the method are verified by comparing the results with existing literature. The significant impact of flexural rigidity in the presence of porosity on wave reflection, dissipated energy and wave forces is demonstrated. Moreover, a notable reduction in wave load is observed with an increase in the number of plates.
Stone Law: immutability and legal worldbuilding
Authors: O’Donoghue Aoife
Published: December 2024

In N.K. Jemisin’s Broken Earth trilogy, core laws are written on stone. But the tablets are incomplete, open to interpretation and their authorship uncertain. Nonetheless, Stone Law forms the basis of the governance system. Ultimately, the narrative reveals that the Stone Laws are recent in origin and an instrument of subjugation whose claims to common sense belie its harms. This article considers immutability in law and the ways in which particular laws become as if written in stone. Constitutional law and jus cogens are two examples of immutable worldbuilding laws represented as inevitable, absolute, unyielding and perpetual. Debates in law and humanities on genre, performance, interpretation and the concerns of a particular era are often reflected and refracted through both the laws and the literature of an era. In particular, the practice of worldbuilding is used to demonstrate the wariness necessary when laws are represented as immutable.
Politics and preaching: how religious elites justify addressing or avoiding political topics
Authors: Williams Andrew L. , King David P. , Fulton Brad R.
Published: December 2024

Even amidst a decline in religious affiliation, nearly half of the U.S. population still attends religious services at least once a month, and congregations remain the single largest non-profit organizational type across the nation. Therefore, congregational influence on political attitudes and behavior is a crucial line of inquiry. We analyze interviews of 94 congregational leaders to better understand why they address or avoid political issues when preaching. Our research reveals that clergy use theological and pragmatic reasoning to determine whether they explicitly include political discourse in their sermons. Our findings are noteworthy in that clergy from a wide range of religious traditions use similar reasoning, and the same rationale can lead different clergy to adopt contrasting approaches to political content in sermons. Thus, this paper provides nuanced insight into the relationship between religion and politics and may help foster greater mutual understanding in a deeply divided political and social climate.
On the Use of InSAR for Estimating Timing Errors in Harmonie‐Arome Water Vapor Fields
Authors: Mulder Gert , Barkmeijer Jan , de Haan Siebren , van Leijen Freek , Hanssen Ramon
Published: December 2024

Due to its sensitivity to water vapor, high resolution, and global availability, interferometric satellite radar (InSAR) has a large but unexploited potential for the improvement of regional NWP models. A relatively straightforward approach is to exploit the exact instantaneous character of the InSAR data in data assimilation to improve the timing of NWP model realizations. Here we show the potential impact of InSAR data on the NWP model timing and subsequently on improved model performance. By time‐shifting the model to find the best match with the InSAR data we show that we can achieve a model error reduction (one‐sigma) of up to 40% in cases where weather fronts are present, while other cases show more modest improvements. Most model performance gain due to time‐shifts can therefore be achieved in cases where weather fronts are present over the study area. The model‐timing errors related to the maximum model error reduction for these cases are in the order of 30 min.
Revealing the Cape Verde Hotspot Track Across the Great Lakes
Authors: Tao Zhongmin , Li Aibing , Wu Jonny , Fischer Karen M.
Published: December 2024

Detecting old hotspot tracks in a stable continent remains challenging because of the lack of volcano chains on the surface and the fade of thermal anomalies with time. The northeastern American continent moved over the Cape Verde and the Great Meteor hotspots during 300–100 Ma. However, only the latter was confirmed by kimberlites and seismic velocity models. Our new 3D anisotropic model in northeastern America reveals strong positive radial anisotropy anomalies in the eastern Great Lakes, central Pennsylvania, and northwestern Virginia. These anomalies follow the Cape Verde hotspot track, providing the first geophysical evidence for the hotspot. A circular pattern of azimuthal anisotropy is also observed in the eastern Great Lakes and may be related to the Cape Verde plume activity. The plume was under the Great Lakes during 300–200 Ma and probably caused lithosphere thinning and low topography needed for forming the Lakes during the glacial era.
Observed Sprite Streamer Growth Rates
Authors: Stenbaek‐Nielsen H. C. , McHarg M. G. , Liu N. Y.
Published: December 2024

Sprites have been recorded at ∼100,000 frames per second. One hundred and sixty five essentially vertically propagating streamers, 110 downward and 55 upward, have been selected for analysis. The initial velocity increase is exponential as predicted by theory. Growth rates could be determined for 76 downward and 46 upward propagating streamers, and, in individual streamers, they are independent of altitude. The average growth rate increases from 1.6 103 in C‐sprites, to 2.6 103 in carrots, to 8.4 103/s in jellyfish sprites. With a streamer model the driving electric field can be derived. Evaluating the field at 70 km altitude, we find fields of 98 (0.45 Ek), 121 (0.56 Ek), and 188 (0.87 Ek) V/m for the 3 sprite types, indicating that jellyfish sprites are the most energetic. High‐speed imaging can provide streamer growth rates and combined with a streamer model, the electric fields associated with various sprite features can be investigated.
Spontaneously Generated Flux Ropes in 3‐D Magnetic Reconnection
Authors: Bai Shi‐Chen , Guo Ruilong , Xiao Yuchen , Shi Quanqi , Yao Zhonghua , Pu Zuyin , Sun Wei‐jie , Degeling Alexander W. , Tian Anmin , Rae I. Jonathan , Yao Shutao , Zong Qiu‐Gang , Fu Suiyan , Bu Yude , Russell Christopher T. , Burch James L. , Gershman Daniel J.
Published: December 2024

Magnetic reconnection is the key to explosive phenomena in the universe. The flux rope is crucial in three‐dimensional magnetic reconnection theory and is commonly considered to be generated by secondary tearing mode instability. Here we show that the parallel electron flow moving toward the reconnection diffusion region can spontaneously form flux ropes. The electron flows form parallel current tubes in the separatrix region where the observational parameters suggest the tearing and Kelvin‐Helmholtz instabilities are suppressed. The spontaneously formed flux ropes could indicate the importance of electron dynamics in a three‐dimensional reconnection region.
Beyond the Average: Computation of Vertical Profiles in Dilute Pyroclastic Density Currents and Their Use in Shallow‐Water Models
Authors: Keim B. , de’ Michieli Vitturi M.
Published: December 2024

Pyroclastic density currents (PDCs) present significant hazards due to their high temperatures and dynamic pressures. Accurate estimation of dynamic pressure, vital for assessing potential damage, requires knowledge of the vertical variations of velocity and particle concentration within the PDC, particularly in the first few meters of the flow above the ground. Existing approaches to dynamic pressure calculations used in hazard assessment are often based on average values for velocity and particle volume fraction. These average values may misrepresent the flow dynamics, especially near the base of the flow where the gradients of flow variables are larger. Here, we present a new, physically based approach that allows for the calculation of the vertical profiles of velocity and concentration from a combination of depth‐averaged values for these properties and non‐dimensional flow parameters. Finally, we demonstrate the use of these profiles within an existing shallow‐water model and show its potential applications toward probabilistic hazard assessment.
Hydrogen Generation From Ferrous Saponite in Reaction With H2S‐Containing Fluid: Relevance to Early Martian Habitability
Authors: Noda Natsumi , Sekine Yasuhito , Takahashi Yoshio , Fukushi Keisuke , Sakuma Hiroshi , Kawai Takahiro , Nakagawa Mayuko , Kitadai Norio , Johnson‐Finn Kristin , McGlynn Shawn Erin
Published: December 2024

Molecular hydrogen is an important gas species for understanding the early Martian climate and redox chemistry. Through ancient aqueous alterations of crustal rocks, ferrous (Fe(II)) saponite formed abundantly on Mars. Subsequent intrusions of hydrothermal fluids may have resulted in a chemical reaction between the dissolved volatiles and the nearby rocks. Here we propose a new H2 generating reaction between ferrous saponite and H2S‐containing fluids, which is possible on early Mars. A series of hydrothermal experiments at a relatively low temperature of 90°C were performed under anoxic conditions using synthesized ferrous saponite to compare the resulting H2 concentration among various gas and fluid compositions. Based on the relationship with the existence of H2S, reaction time, fluid pH, dissolved iron concentration, and amount of minerals, we found that high levels of H2 (∼0.1 mmol/g ferrous saponite) were generated in the presence of H2S most rapidly in moderate pH conditions. Our microscopic chemical analysis of mineral phases suggested that ferrous saponite served as both the iron source of pyrite precipitation and the electron source to form H2. Our results suggest that intrusions of H2S‐containing fluids into the saponite‐containing crust of Mars would generate H2, which could potentially provide locally concentrated chemical energy for chemoautotrophic life.
Long-range data transmission in a fault-tolerant quantum bus architecture
Authors: Choe Shin Ho , König Robert
Published: December 2024

We propose a fault-tolerant scheme for generating long-range entanglement at the ends of a rectangular array of qubits of length R with a square cross-section of $$m=O({\log }^{2}R)$$

m
=
O

(

log

2

R

)

qubits. It is realized by a constant-depth circuit producing a constant-fidelity Bell-pair (independent of R) for local stochastic noise of strength below an experimentally realistic threshold. The scheme can be viewed as a quantum bus in a quantum computing architecture where qubits are arranged on a rectangular 3D grid, and all operations are between neighboring qubits. Alternatively, it can be seen as a quantum repeater protocol along a line, with neighboring repeaters placed at a short distance to allow constant-fidelity nearest-neighbor operations. To show our protocol uses a number of qubits close to optimal, we show that any noise-resilient distance-R entanglement generation scheme realized by a constant-depth circuit needs at least $$m=\Omega (\log R)$$

m
=
Ω

(

log
R

)

qubits per repeater.
Novel perspectives on multiple-peak diurnal convection over a tropical mountainous island from idealized large-eddy simulations
Authors: Wang Yu-Hsiu , Chen Wei-Ting , Wu Chien-Ming
Published: December 2024

Two robust peaks in the diurnal evolution of orographically-locked precipitation are simulated in large-eddy simulations with an idealized ocean-plain-mountain topography. The ensemble experiment design is guided by sounding statistics from summertime afternoon thunderstorms in Taiwan to obtain realistic variability of free-tropospheric moisture associated with the intensity of the summertime subtropical high. The convection in the first peak is directly modulated by convective available potential energy, while the convection in the second peak is associated with low-level moist static energy (MSE) transport by the island-scale (40-km) local circulation, producing more extreme rainfall. When the initial free troposphere is drier, the convection in the second peak is strengthened. Both the environmental adjustments by the first peak and local circulation development contribute to the sensitivity of the second peak to free-tropospheric moisture. This work highlights the critical roles of convection-environment interaction and upstream MSE supply in enhancing extreme diurnal precipitation over complex topography.
An expanded substrate scope for cross-chiral ligation enables efficient synthesis of long l-RNAs
Authors: Han Xuan , Sczepanski Jonathan T.
Published: December 2024

This work describes a straightforward strategy for assembling long l-RNAs via the joining of two or more shorter fragments using cross-chiral ligase ribozymes together with new substrate activation chemistry.
Trifunctional lipid derivatives: PE's mitochondrial interactome
Authors: Thomas Alix , Müller Rainer , Farley Scotland , Kojic Ana , Stein Frank , Haberkant Per , Schultz Carsten
Published: December 2024

A multifunctional phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) derivative to follow lipid transport and to determine the PE interactome in intact cells.
Life cycle assessment of lead recycling processes in perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lee Jae Myeong , Kim Hee Jung , Jung Hyun Suk
Published: December 2024

The life cycle assessment was conducted on previously reported Pb recycling processes for perovskite solar cells to evaluate their environmental impacts. The study identifies which processes are more sustainable in terms of Pb recovery and reuse.
Silane-promoted cycloaddition of thiobenzhydrazides with carbon dioxide toward 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-ones
Authors: Chen Hailong , Gao Junhang , Zhao Yang , Peng Junhao , Jiang Xinyang , Wang Zhenlian , Cheng Jiang
Published: December 2024

Herein, we developed a silane-promoted cycloaddition of thiobenzhydrazides with carbon dioxide leading to 1,3,4-thiadiazol-2(3H)-ones.
Al-induced fast phase transition in vanadium oxide cathode materials for high-performance aqueous zinc-ion batteries
Authors: Dai Youye , Kong Xianghua , Wang Lei , Gu Yuanxiang , Guo Jun
Published: December 2024

AZIBs were prepared using Al-doped V2O3 as the cathode material. The doping of Al introduced more oxygen vacancies, significantly promoting the phase transition process, and enabling the batteries to exhibit excellent electrochemical performance.
Accounting for in situ air cleaner utilization and performance to improve interpretation of patient outcomes in real-world indoor air cleaner intervention trials
Authors: Farhoodi Saeed , Kang Insung , Zeng Yicheng , Jagota Kaveeta , Karpen Nancy , Heidarinejad Mohammad , Elfessi Zane , Rubinstein Israel , Stephens Brent
Published: December 2024

Air cleaner performance measurements in indoor air cleaning intervention trials.
Unveiling the micro-mechanism of H2O2 activation and the selective regulation strategy over single-atom catalysts
Authors: Gao Zhengyang , Qu Yuanzheng , Wang Chu , Shi Ruiyang , Sun Yixiao , Yan Qingqi , Ye Chenliang , Yang Weijie
Published: December 2024

The micro-mechanism of H2O2 activation and the selective regulation strategy are the key to the removal of environmental pollutants.
The comparative effects of ω-7 fatty acid-rich sea buckthorn oil and ω-3 fatty acid-rich DHA algal oil on improving high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia
Authors: Li Jing , Guo Jiahan , Yuen Michael , Yuen Hywel , Peng Qiang
Published: December 2024

This study explores the therapeutic potential of ω-3 algal oil (rich in DHA) and ω-7 sea buckthorn oil (rich in palmitoleic acid) in addressing hyperlipidemia and associated metabolic disorders.
To break, or not to break: is selective depolymerization of lignin a Riemann hypothesis rather than a solution?
Authors: Slabon Adam , Rodrigues Bruno V. M.
Published: December 2024

We discuss whether pursuing selective electrochemical depolymerization of lignin toward aromatics is a justifiable endeavour or if re-evaluation is necessary.
Deep eutectic solvent-mediated hydrothermal treatment for biomass conversion: a review
Authors: Zhu Hansong , He Xiaotong , Xu Zhixiang , Dai Lichun
Published: December 2024

The application of DES-mediated hydrothermal treatment for biomass conversion is summarized.
Polymer electrolytes: evolution, challenges, and future directions for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: S. Ram Prasanth , Prasannavenkadesan Varatharajan , Katiyar Vimal , Achalkumar Ammathnadu Sudhakar
Published: December 2024

Polymer electrolytes are ideal materials for lithium ion batteries.
Modifying bacterial cellulose dispersions with deep eutectic solvent and pectin to tune the properties of open-celled foams
Authors: Iyer Hareesh , Mandal Aban , Holden Michael , Roumeli Eleftheria
Published: December 2024

Understanding the interactions between bacterial cellulose and pectin gels enables the tuning of the properties of cellulose/pectin foams, highlighting the potential for sustainable, biodegradable materials to compete with petroleum-based materials.
Enhanced optical and thermoelectric properties of Cu3Nb1−XVXS4 through chemical substitution: a DFT approach
Authors: Lalroliana Bernard , Lalmuanchhana  , Lalhumhima  , Celestine L. , Rai Dibya Prakash , Pachuau Lalrinthara , Singh N. Surajkumar , Gurung Shivraj , Lalhriatzuala
Published: December 2024

This study presents theoretical investigations of a 2 × 2 × 2 supercell structure of Cu3Nb1−XVXS4 (X = 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00) for optoelectronic and thermoelectric applications within DFT.
A 1,8-naphthalimide-based fluorescent chemosensor for the sequential recognition of silver and sulfur ions and its application in bioimaging
Authors: Xu Yi , Zhu Yanshan , Yang Fan , Gao Yan , Gao Yun
Published: December 2024

Silver ions (Ag+) play roles in sterilization, anti-oxidation, electrolyte balance and metabolism promotion.
Eco-friendly synthesis of a porous reduced graphene oxide–polypyrrole–gold nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposite for electrochemical detection of methotrexate using a strip sensor
Authors: Sukumaran Reshmi A. , Lakavath Kavitha , Phani Kumar V. V. N. , Karingula Sampath , Mahato Kuldeep , Kotagiri Yugender Goud
Published: December 2024

Chemotherapy is a crucial cancer treatment, but its effectiveness requires precise monitoring of drug concentrations in patients.
Enhanced detection of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) using a reduced graphene oxide field-effect transistor aptasensor
Authors: Salehirozveh Mostafa , Bonné Robin , Kumar Peeyush , Abazar Farbod , Dehghani Parisa , Mijakovic Ivan , Roy Vellaisamy A. L.
Published: December 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases, characterized by the progressive deterioration of neuronal function and structure, pose significant global public health and economic challenges.
Double reactive oxygen species system photoinduced by Cu8 NCs: synergistic catalysis of phenylacetylene self-coupling reaction
Authors: Guo Tingyu , Yun Yapei , Li Tianrong , Xia Jun , Zhou Jinyan , Sheng Hongting , Zhu Manzhou
Published: December 2024

Three low-nuclear Cu8 NCs were designed for photocatalytic phenylacetylene self-coupling. A feasible two-channel ROS participation mechanism has been proposed by free radical scavenging and electron paramagnetic resonance trapping experiments.
Ionic-liquid-supported copper-promoted synthesis of 3,5-disubstituted-1,2,4-triazoles
Authors: Das Soumyadip , Choudhury Badruzzaman , Maiti Barnali , Chanda Kaushik
Published: December 2024

An ionic-liquid based Cu(ii) catalyst was developed for the efficient high yielding synthesis of 1,2,4-triazoles from primary amines and benzonitrile derivatives via C–N bonds and N–N bond formation reaction.
An overview of palladium-catalyzed N-alkylation reactions
Authors: Sabu Soyal , Saranya Padinjare Veetil , Anilkumar Gopinathan
Published: December 2024

This review highlights the versatility of palladium-catalyzed N-alkylation, emphasizing substrate scope, mechanistic insights, and deployment methods, showcasing palladium's selectivity, recyclability, and efficiency in bioactive compound synthesis.
Micelle-enabled bromination of α-oxo ketene dithioacetals: mild and scalable approach via enzymatic catalysis
Authors: Huynh Thao Nguyen Thanh , Nguyen Khuyen Thu , Krongyut Chisanu , Lai Rung-Yi , Sukwattanasinitt Mongkol , Wacharasindhu Sumrit
Published: December 2024

We developed a benign, enzyme-catalyzed bromination of α-oxo ketene dithioacetals using CiVCPO in an aqueous micellar media assisted by the TPGS-750-M surfactant, overcoming solubility challenges and achieving high yields (up to 99%; 23 examples).
Palladium-catalyzed N-arylation of (hetero)aryl chlorides with pyrroles and their analogues
Authors: Yin Ying , Xiao Yuxuan , Yang Xun , Li Haiyan , Du Jiahui , Duan Wengui , Yu Lin
Published: December 2024

A practical method for N-arylation of N–H heteroarenes with aryl chlorides through Pd/keYPhos catalyzed selective cleavage of the Ar–Cl bond under mild conditions has been developed.
Polymerization-induced self-assembly nanomaterials based on dynamic covalent bonds
Authors: Wan Zhenyu , An Nankai , Xu Chang , Zheng Mingxin , Yuan Jinying
Published: December 2024

This review summarizes the recent advances and applications of PISA nanomaterials based on dynamic covalent bonds including disulfide, boronate ester, imine, and [2 + 2] cycloaddition chemistries.
Enzymatic synthesis of semi-IPNs within hydrogel-based microfluidics
Authors: Jiao Chen , Appelhans Dietmar , Voit Brigitte , Bruns Nico , Gaitzsch Jens
Published: December 2024

Enzymatic polymerisation initiated by redox-responsive HRP captured in PNiPAAm hydrogel microdots (μHDs) in microfluidics. The black network represents the PNiPAAm μHDs carrier and the red parts represent the perfused monomer and formed polymer.
Solvent-controlled catalytic divergent C–H alkylation of quinolones driven by unusual DMSO-promoted 1,3-heteroarene migration
Authors: Kim Ye Lim , Yun Yuri , Choi Seoung-Mi , Kim Ju Hyun
Published: December 2024

Switchable catalytic routes towards C–H alkylations of 4-quinolones are presented, in which Truce–Smiles rearrangement via [1,3]-arene migration is enabled by DMSO.
Recent advances and perspectives in synthetic applications of silylboronates as silyl radical precursors
Authors: Cai Zhihua , Bu Qing-Qing , Wang Xi-Yu , Yang Shengchao , Zhou Jian , Yu Jin-Sheng
Published: December 2024

This review summarizes the recent advances in synthetic applications of silylboronates as silyl radical precursors, discusses the advantages and limitations of each method, and illustrates the synthetic chances still open for further exploration.
Cyclopentadienyl cations
Authors: Ranasinghe Sameera , Martin Caleb D. , Dutton Jason L.
Published: December 2024

This perspective covers the 99 years of work towards the isolation of a cyclopentadienyl cation, from observation of fleeting compounds to the 2024 X-ray crystal structure of a room temperature stable Cp+ cation.
Deciphering the endogenous SUMO-1 landscape: a novel combinatorial peptide enrichment strategy for global profiling and disease association
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyu , Zhong Bowen , Sun Yue , Liu Dan , Zhang Xiancheng , Wang Dongdong , Wang Cunli , Gao Huiling , Zhong Manli , Qin Haijuan , Chen Yang , Yang Zhiying , Li Yan , Wei Haijie , Yang Xindi , Zhang Yukui , Jiang Bo , Zhang Lihua , Qing Guangyan
Published: December 2024

Using a “dual-hook fishing” approach, this method selectively captures two C-terminal regions of SUMO-1 remnants, enabling an unprecedented and comprehensive landscape of SUMO-1 modifications across species.
Thiol-terminated N-halamine ligands to photothermal gold nanorods for synergistically combating antibiotic-resistant bacteria
Authors: Gerile Saren , Wu Xiaojie , Kang Jing , Qi Yansong , Dong Alideertu
Published: December 2024

GNR@pAMPS-Cl inhibits drug-resistant bacteria and promotes wound healing by photothermal and chemical synergetic effects.
Some Comply While Some Defy: Elementary Teachers' Responses to Leadership Mandates on Reading Comprehension Instruction
Authors: Smith Reid J. , Snow Pamela C. , Serry Tanya A. , Hammond Lorraine S.
Published: December 2024

Purpose:

We report the qualitative findings from a survey of elementary teachers regarding reading instruction. The purpose is to extend on quantitative findings in a previously described survey to gain a more in-depth understanding of Australian elementary teachers' approaches to the literacy block in their schools: how this is used, who makes instructional decisions, and how teachers respond to these.

Method:

A web-based survey was used to collect data from Australian elementary teachers about their perspectives regarding reading comprehension instruction. Of the 284 respondents, 182 (64.1%) provided free-text comments in response to open-ended questions. Responses were coded and analyzed for themes.

Results:

Responses were categorized into three broad themes. The first theme concerned the level of satisfaction with how literacy block time was used. The second theme pertained to the locus of decisions about the use of the literacy block time, and the third theme concerned the ways in which teachers responded to decisions made by “leadership”: compliance or defiance.

Conclusions:

There are many different ways that the literacy block is structured and used across Australian elementary schools, and participants indicated an overall sense that they perceive that their literacy block is effective for students. There is, however, evidence of tension between teachers and decision makers when the teachers' pedagogical position does not align with the locally prescribed instructional approach. In these cases, teachers report choosing to either defy or comply with the mandated approach. Although formal decisions about how this block is to be used are made by school leaders, teachers make individual decisions about the degree to which they comply with those. Departures from these mandates, regardless of their rationales, have significant implications for data monitoring and interpretation at the school level.
Product Color Design Concept that Considers Human Emotion Perception: Based on Deep Learning and Cluster Analysis
Authors: Gao Anqi , Zhong Yantao
Published: December 2024

Emotions play a significant role in how we perceive and interact with products. Thoughtfully designed emotionally appealing products can evoke strong user responses, making them more attractive. Color, as a crucial attribute of products, is a significant aspect to consider in the process of emotional product design. However, users’ emotional perception of product colors is highly intricate and challenging to define. To address this, this research proposes a product color design concept that considers human emotion perception based on deep learning and cluster analysis. First, for a given product, a color style is chosen for rerendering, which is an emotional color image. Different emotional color images have distinct RGB color representations. Second, clustering methods are employed to establish relationships between various emotional color images and different colors, selecting emotionally close style images. Subsequently, through transfer learning techniques, specific grid structures are used to retrain network weights, allowing for the fusion design of style and content images. This process ultimately achieves emotional color rendering design based on emotional color clustering and transfer learning. Multiple sets of emotional color design examples demonstrate that the method proposed in this study can accurately fulfill the emotional color design requirements of products, thereby, offering practical applicability. The satisfaction survey shows that the proposed method has certain guiding significance for clothing emotional color design.
A Rare Case of Fetal Neural Tube Defect; Iniencephaly Clausus
Authors: Arega Bantayehu Nega , Endalew Sintayehu Debas , Hailu Daniel Miskir
Published: December 2024

Introduction Iniencephaly is an extremely rare type of neural tube defect characterized by the fusion of the cervical and cervicothoracic vertebrae. This condition results in acute retroflexion of the head, a short neck, significant lordosis of the cervical spine, and an upturned facial appearance. This condition typically results in poor fetal outcomes, with many cases ending in stillbirth or neonatal death.

Case summary Here, we present a case of iniencephaly diagnosed during intrapartum ultrasound in a 34-year-old gravida 5 woman referred from a health center to a primary hospital due to preterm premature rupture of membrane and labor. The fetus died intrapartum a few minutes before delivery.

Conclusion Iniencephaly remains a rare but critical condition that poses significant challenges for prenatal diagnosis and management. This case underscores the importance of early and accurate imaging in the detection of such severe anomalies, which can provide essential information for clinical decision-making and counseling.
Cross-Bridge Free Vascularized Fibular Graft for Reconstruction of Extensive Traumatic Tibial Defects
Authors: El-Gammal Tarek Abdalla , El-Sayed Amr , Kotb Mohamed Mostafa , Saleh Waleed Riad , Ragheb Yasser Farouk , Morsy Mohamed Mohamed , El-Gammal Yousif Tarek , Saad Mahmoud Mohammed , Refai Omar Ahmed
Published: December 2024

Background The cross-bridge free flap technique has been described for salvage of cases of traumatic lower limb defects when adequate recipient vessels in the same limb are lacking. While previous accounts mainly focused on utilizing muscle, myocutaneous, or perforator skin flaps, this study presents a series of cross-bridge free vascularized fibular transfer for reconstruction of traumatic tibial defects with extensive soft tissue loss.

Methods The study included 22 cases with an average age at surgery of 24 ± 8 years and an average tibial bone defect of 14.2 ± 3.3 cm. In this technique, the fibula was inset into the tibial defect and vascularization was performed using the posterior tibial artery of the contralateral leg through a radial forearm flap. The two legs were coimmobilized using Hoffmann external fixator and subsequently separated after 6 weeks.

Results All flaps survived. Follow-up averaged 44.4 months. Union occurred in all cases within an average of 4.5 ± 1.9 months and Full weight-bearing was achieved at an average of 9.0 ± 2 months. Stress fractures occurred in eight patients (36.3%) after an average of 12 months. Mean graft hypertrophy at the final follow-up was 67.6%. Six patients showed an average limb length discrepancy of 4.2 cm. Two patients required corrective osteotomy, one ankle fusion, and another Achilles tendon lengthening. Functionally, 20 patients were able to walk without crutches.

Conclusion The cross-bridge free vascularized fibular graft is a viable option for reconstruction of complex and extensive tibial defects when no other reconstructive options are available.
RNHSO2F as Reliable Azasulfene Precursors for the Construction of Sulfamates
Authors: Xu Long , Dong Jiajia , Guo Taijie , Wang Wei
Published: December 2024

The utilization of NH-sulfamoyl fluorides (RNHSO2F) as reliable SuFEx synthons for the construction of various sulfamate esters is reported. By using potassium fluoride as base, we were able to convert RNHSO2F into azasulfene intermediates under mild conditions and guarantee their further efficient ligation with phenols and alcohols.