bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Animal residues found on tiny Lower Paleolithic tools reveal their use in butchery
Authors: Venditti Flavia , Cristiani Emanuela , Nunziante-Cesaro Stella , Agam Aviad , Lemorini Cristina , Barkai Ran
Published: September 2019

Stone tools provide a unique window into the mode of adaptation and cognitive abilities of Lower Paleolithic early humans. The persistently produced large cutting tools (bifaces/handaxes) have long been an appealing focus of research in the reconstruction of Lower Paleolithic survival strategies, at the expenses of the small flake tools considered by-products of the stone production process rather than desired end products. Here, we use use-wear, residues and technological analyses to show direct and very early evidence of the deliberate production and use of small flakes for targeted stages of the prey butchery process at the late Lower Paleolithic Acheulian site of Revadim, Israel. We highlight the significant role of small flakes in Lower Paleolithic adaptation alongside the canonical large handaxes. Our results demonstrate the technological and cognitive flexibility of early human groups in the Levant and beyond at the threshold of the departure from Lower Paleolithic lifeways.
Transgenic Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes Transfer Genes into a Natural Population
Authors: Evans Benjamin R. , Kotsakiozi Panayiota , Costa-da-Silva Andre Luis , Ioshino Rafaella Sayuri , Garziera Luiza , Pedrosa Michele C. , Malavasi Aldo , Virginio Jair F. , Capurro Margareth L. , Powell Jeffrey R.
Published: September 2019

In an attempt to control the mosquito-borne diseases yellow fever, dengue, chikungunya, and Zika fevers, a strain of transgenically modified Aedes aegypti mosquitoes containing a dominant lethal gene has been developed by a commercial company, Oxitec Ltd. If lethality is complete, releasing this strain should only reduce population size and not affect the genetics of the target populations. Approximately 450 thousand males of this strain were released each week for 27 months in Jacobina, Bahia, Brazil. We genotyped the release strain and the target Jacobina population before releases began for >21,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Genetic sampling from the target population six, 12, and 27–30 months after releases commenced provides clear evidence that portions of the transgenic strain genome have been incorporated into the target population. Evidently, rare viable hybrid offspring between the release strain and the Jacobina population are sufficiently robust to be able to reproduce in nature. The release strain was developed using a strain originally from Cuba, then outcrossed to a Mexican population. Thus, Jacobina Ae. aegypti are now a mix of three populations. It is unclear how this may affect disease transmission or affect other efforts to control these dangerous vectors. These results highlight the importance of having in place a genetic monitoring program during such releases to detect un-anticipated outcomes.
Feeding by Tropilaelaps mercedesae on pre- and post-capped brood increases damage to Apis mellifera colonies
Authors: Phokasem Patcharin , de Guzman Lilia I. , Khongphinitbunjong Kitiphong , Frake Amanda M. , Chantawannakul Panuwan
Published: September 2019

Tropilaelaps mercedesae parasitism can cause Apis mellifera colony mortality in Asia. Here, we report for the first time that tropilaelaps mites feed on both pre- and post-capped stages of honey bees. Feeding on pre-capped brood may extend their survival outside capped brood cells, especially in areas where brood production is year-round. In this study, we examined the types of injury inflicted by tropilaelaps mites on different stages of honey bees, the survival of adult honey bees, and level of honey bee viruses in 4th instar larvae and prepupae. The injuries inflicted on different developing honey bee stages were visualised by staining with trypan blue. Among pre-capped stages, 4th instar larvae sustained the highest number of wounds (4.6 ± 0.5/larva) while 2nd-3rd larval instars had at least two wounds. Consequently, wounds were evident on uninfested capped brood (5th-6th instar larvae = 3.91 ± 0.64 wounds; prepupae = 5.25 ± 0.73 wounds). Tropilaelaps mite infestations resulted in 3.4- and 6-fold increases in the number of wounds in 5th-6th instar larvae and prepupae as compared to uninfested capped brood, respectively. When wound-inflicted prepupae metamorphosed to white-eyed pupae, all wound scars disappeared with the exuviae. This healing of wounds contributed to the reduction of the number of wounds (≤10) observed on the different pupal stages. Transmission of mite-borne virus such as Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) was also enhanced by mites feeding on early larval stages. DWV and Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV) were detected in all 4th instar larvae and prepupae analysed. However, viral levels were more pronounced in scarred 4th instar larvae and infested prepupae. The remarkably high numbers of wounds and viral load on scarred or infested developing honey bees may have caused significant weight loss and extensive injuries observed on the abdomen, wings, legs, proboscis and antennae of adult honey bees. Together, the survival of infested honey bees was significantly compromised. This study demonstrates the ability of tropilaelaps mites to inflict profound damage on A. mellifera hosts. Effective management approaches need to be developed to mitigate tropilaelaps mite problems.
Characterization of dystroglycan binding in adhesion of human induced pluripotent stem cells to laminin-511 E8 fragment
Authors: Sugawara Yumika , Hamada Keisuke , Yamada Yuji , Kumai Jun , Kanagawa Motoi , Kobayashi Kazuhiro , Toda Tatsushi , Negishi Yoichi , Katagiri Fumihiko , Hozumi Kentaro , Nomizu Motoyoshi , Kikkawa Yamato
Published: September 2019

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) grow indefinitely in culture and have the potential to regenerate various tissues. In the development of cell culture systems, a fragment of laminin-511 (LM511-E8) was found to improve the proliferation of stem cells. The adhesion of undifferentiated cells to LM511-E8 is mainly mediated through integrin α6β1. However, the involvement of non-integrin receptors remains unknown in stem cell culture using LM511-E8. Here, we show that dystroglycan (DG) is strongly expressed in hiPSCs. The fully glycosylated DG is functionally active for laminin binding, and although it has been suggested that LM511-E8 lacks DG binding sites, the fragment does weakly bind to DG. We further identified the DG binding sequence in LM511-E8, using synthetic peptides, of which, hE8A5-20 (human laminin α5 2688–2699: KTLPQLLAKLSI) derived from the laminin coiled-coil domain, exhibited DG binding affinity and cell adhesion activity. Deletion and mutation studies show that LLAKLSI is the active core sequence of hE8A5-20, and that, K2696 is a critical amino acid for DG binding. We further demonstrated that hiPSCs adhere to hE8A5-20-conjugated chitosan matrices. The amino acid sequence of DG binding peptides would be useful to design substrata for culture system of undifferentiated and differentiated stem cells.
3D cell culture stimulates the secretion of in vivo like extracellular vesicles
Authors: Thippabhotla Sirisha , Zhong Cuncong , He Mei
Published: September 2019

For studying cellular communicationsex-vivo, a two-dimensional (2D) cell culture model is currently used as the “gold standard”. 2D culture models are also widely used in the study of RNA expression profiles from tumor cells secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) for tumor biomarker discovery. Although the 2D culture system is simple and easily accessible, the culture environment is unable to representin vivoextracellular matrix (ECM) microenvironment. Our study observed that 2D- culture derived EVs showed significantly different profiles in terms of secretion dynamics and essential signaling molecular contents (RNAs and DNAs), when compared to the three-dimensional (3D) culture derived EVs. By performing small RNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis of cervical cancer cells and their EVs compared with cervical cancer patient plasma EV-derived small RNAs, we observed that 3D- culture derived EV small RNAs differ from their parent cell small RNA profile which may indicate a specific sorting process. Most importantly, the 3D- culture derived EV small RNA profile exhibited a much higher similarity (~96%) toin vivocirculating EVs derived from cervical cancer patient plasma. However, 2D- culture derived EV small RNA profile correlated better with only their parent cells cultured in 2D. On the other hand, DNA sequencing analysis suggests that culture and growth conditions do not affect the genomic information carried by EV secretion. This work also suggests that tackling EV molecular alterations secreted into interstitial fluids can provide an alternative, non-invasive approach for investigating 3D tissue behaviors at the molecular precision. This work could serve as a foundation for building precise models employed in mimickingin vivotissue system with EVs as the molecular indicators or transporters. Such models could be used for investigating tumor biomarkers, drug screening, and understanding tumor progression and metastasis.
NMR-based newborn urine screening for optimized detection of inherited errors of metabolism
Authors: Embade Nieves , Cannet Claire , Diercks Tammo , Gil-Redondo Rubén , Bruzzone Chiara , Ansó Sara , Echevarría Lourdes Román , Ayucar M. Mercedes Martinez , Collazos Laura , Lodoso Blanca , Guerra Eneritz , Elorriaga Izaskun Asla , Kortajarena Miguel Ángel , Legorburu Alberto Pérez , Fang Fang , Astigarraga Itziar , Schäfer Hartmut , Spraul Manfred , Millet Oscar
Published: September 2019

Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are rare diseases produced by the accumulation of abnormal amounts of metabolites, toxic to the newborn. When not detected on time, they can lead to irreversible physiological and psychological sequels or even demise. Metabolomics has emerged as an efficient and powerful tool for IEM detection in newborns, children, and adults with late onset. In here, we screened urine samples from a large set of neonates (470 individuals) from a homogeneous population (Basque Country), for the identification of congenital metabolic diseases using NMR spectroscopy. Absolute quantification allowed to derive a probability function for up to 66 metabolites that adequately describes their normal concentration ranges in newborns from the Basque Country. The absence of another 84 metabolites, considered abnormal, was routinely verified in the healthy newborn population and confirmed for all but 2 samples, of which one showed toxic concentrations of metabolites associated to ketosis and the other one a high trimethylamine concentration that strongly suggested an episode of trimethylaminuria. Thus, a non-invasive and readily accessible urine sample contains enough information to assess the potential existence of a substantial number (>70) of IEMs in newborns, using a single, automated and standardized 1H- NMR-based analysis.
Impedance spectroscopy for in situ and real-time observations of the effects of hydrogen on nitrile butadiene rubber polymer under high pressure
Authors: Jung Jae Kap , Jeon Sang Koo , Kim Kyu-Tae , Lee Chang Hoon , Baek Un Bong , Chung Ki Soo
Published: September 2019

Nondestructive impedance spectroscopy (IS) was developed and demonstrated to detect the effects of hydrogen on nitrile butadiene rubber exposed to hydrogen gas (H2) at high pressures up to 10 MPa. IS was applied to obtain an in situ and real-time quantification of H2 penetration into and its desorption out of rubber under high pressure. The diffusion coefficients of H2 were also obtained from the time evolution of the capacitance, which were compared with those obtained by thermal desorption gas analysis. The in situ measurements of the capacitance and the dissipation factor under various pressures during cyclic stepwise pressurization and decompression demonstrated the diffusion behaviour of H2, the phase of the rubber under high pressure, the transport properties of H2 gas, and the physicochemical interaction between H2 and the rubber. These phenomena were supported by a COMSOL simulation based on the electric current conservation equation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations.
Automated Production of [18F] PSMA-1007 Using 7.5 MeV Cyclotron: A Feasible Alternative for Remote Sites
Authors: Fesas Andreas , Pourkhessalian M. Reza , Vrachimis Alexis
Published: September 2019

The necessity of targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) with a radiotracer other than the generator-based [68Ga] PSMA compounds, led to the production of the 18F labelled PSMA-1007. The production of [18F]PSMA-1007 was achieved using a 7.5 MeV cyclotron and the NEPTIS mosaic-RS automated synthesis module. After the first 36 batches, the mean percentage yield (decay corrected) was calculated to be 57.0±10.1% and the average activity in the final product vial reached 2.1±0.5 GBq, which can be translated to approximately 3 patients per cassette; using a single PET/CT scanner. The time needed for the synthesis and quality control was 65 minutes. In order to reach an initial activity high enough to produce more than one dose per cassette and therefore for it to become economically viable to produce the radiopharmaceutical, 95 to 100 minutes of bombardment were required at a requested 5.5 μA target current. PET images have shown the expected results according to the literature.
Raman Analysis of Meta-autunite
Authors: Frankland Victoria L. , Bance-Soualhi Rachida , Read David
Published: September 2019

A sample of meta-autunite (Ca(UO2)2(PO4)2·6-8(H2O)) from a national reference collection was characterised by Raman spectroscopy as a representation of a potential spent nuclear fuel corrosion product. Raman spectra were collected at 457, 532, 633 and 785 nm; all exhibited some fluorescence effects, though to a lesser extent at 785 nm. The phosphate (v2(PO4)3−, v3(PO4)3−, v4(PO4)3−) and uranyl (v1(UO2)2+ and v2(UO2)2+) features could be unambiguously assigned in the resolved 785 nm spectrum. The position of the v3(UO2)2+ mode was predicted but not observed. The uranyl bond lengths and force constants were determined from the v1(UO2)2+ dominant and shoulder peak, as 1.78±0.01 and 1.79±0.01 Å and 5.69±0.08 and 5.29±0.08 millidynes Å−1, respectively.
Characterisation of FiR1 TRIGA Mark II Research Reactor – A Combination of Modelling and Experimental
Authors: Leskinen Anumaija , Räty Antti , Airila Markus
Published: September 2019

Characterisation of FiR1 TRIGA Mark II research reactor in Finland relies on a combination of modelling and experimental results. Modelling is used in order to form an estimation of material specific activation levels. This information is used, for example, in planning of the dismantling process and waste management. Since some uncertainties are present in modelling results, experimental verification of activity levels are needed. Non-destructive analysis (NDA) using gamma spectrometry can be carried out for gamma emitting radionuclides, whereas analysis of alpha and beta emitting radionuclides, termed also difficult to measure (DTM) radionuclides, requires chemical separations and purification of the radionuclide of interest. Due to the lengthy and costly radiochemical analysis of DTM, a scaling factor is often determined to link the gamma emitting radionuclides with DTM. For FiR1, scaling factors are determined prior to the active dismantling phase and thus activity and nuclide vector calculations of waste packages can be carried out during, or even after, the active dismantling phase.
Achieving the End State of a Nuclear Licensed Site
Authors: Sajih Mustafa , Doudou Slimane , Phipps Emily , Wickham Steve
Published: September 2019

End State refers to the condition of a nuclear licensed site (or part of the site) following all physical decommissioning and clean-up activities required to make the site (or part of the site) available for its next use. To reach the End State, a site must be compliant with the requirments for release of the site from environmental regulations. Site operators may apply to the environment agencies for agreement for a site to be released from radioactive substances regulation (RSR). The release of the site will only be granted when all disposals of radioactive waste have ended and the site is in a state that will ensure a satisfactory standard of protection for people and the environment. A guidance document, known as “the GRR”, on the release of nuclear sites from RSR was published in July 2018. A site specific assessement of the benefits and detriments of clean-up and radioactive waste disposal options must be carried out as a requirement of the GRR. This involves identification of potential disposal options, assesssment and comparison of options, with stakeholder engagement, and optimisation of the preferred option if any radioactive material is to be left on site. As part of the assessment of waste disposal options, the GRR requires that operators assess potential consequnces of inadvertent human intrusion into the site, and aqueous releases from features on the site after the End State has been reached. Calculations of potential impacts from human intrusion and aqueous release scenarios are carried out and compared against guidance levels specified in the GRR. These assessments should also show that the consequential effects on non-human species are acceptable. Results of these assessments allow consideration of the implications of leaving radioactivity associated with particular features and components of the site, and inform comparison of alternative End State options.
A light-up near-infrared probe with aggregation-induced emission characteristics for highly sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase
Authors: Zhao Meng , Gao Yinjia , Ye Shuyue , Ding Jianan , Wang Anna , Li Pengjie , Shi Haibin
Published: September 2019

A new light-up near-infrared probe with aggregation-induced emission (AIE) characteristics was developed for highly specific and sensitive detection of alkaline phosphatase both in vitro and in vivo.
Quantitative visualization and detection of acetylcholinesterase activity and its inhibitor based on the oxidation character of ultrathin MnO2nanosheets
Authors: Li Cai-Hong , Meng Xian-Hua , Lan Huong Dang , Oh Won Keun , Wang Wei-Feng , Yang Jun-Li
Published: September 2019

)A new strategy for the detection of AChE activity and screening its inhibitors.
Construction of a Z-scheme g-C3N4/Ag/AgI heterojunction for highly selective photoelectrochemical detection of hydrogen sulfide
Authors: Zeng Hongmei , Liu Yaling , Xu Zhigang , Wang Yajun , Chai Yaqin , Yuan Ruo , Liu Hongyan
Published: September 2019

We report the photoelectrochemical detection of hydrogen sulfide based on the transformation of the Z-scheme g-C3N4/Ag/AgI heterojunction to C3N4/Ag/Ag2S.
Insights into a novel garnet-based yellowish-green phosphor: structure, luminescence properties and application for warm white light-emitting diodes
Authors: Wang Xicheng , Cao Yaxin , Wei Qi , Liu Xiao , Liao Xiaoyu , Zhao Zhengyan , Shi Yurong , Wang Yuhua
Published: September 2019

Efficient and stable yellowish-green emission has been achieved in the garnet-based phosphor CYAS:Ce3+.
Two exceptionally stable luminescent MOFs for the selective and sensitive detection of Fe3+ ions in aqueous solution
Authors: Deng Liming , Zhang Yaowen , Zhang Dan , Jiao Shaoshao , Xu Jixiang , Liu Kang , Wang Lei
Published: September 2019

Two exceptionally stable MOFs were selected as highly efficient sensors for the rapid, sensitive and selective detection of Fe3+ in aqueous solution.
A ReaxFF molecular dynamics study of molecular-level interactions during binder jetting 3D-printing
Authors: Gao Yawei , Shin Yun Kyung , Martinez Daniel , Manogharan Guha , van Duin Adri C. T.
Published: September 2019

This manuscript is, according to our knowledge, the first reported molecular-level study of BJP technology via molecular dynamics.
Nitrogen doping in coexposed (001)–(101) anatase TiO2 surfaces: a DFT study
Authors: Di Liberto Giovanni , Tosoni Sergio , Pacchioni Gianfranco
Published: September 2019

The synergic effect of doping and heterojunctions in photoactive anatase TiO2 nanocomposites: a hybrid DFT study.
Highly selective production of renewable p-xylene from bio-based 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethylene over Al-modified H-Beta zeolites
Authors: Zhao Rongrong , Xu Lulu , Huang Shengjun , Zhang Weiping
Published: September 2019

H-Beta zeolite with further dealumination and modification with alumina shows excellent and durable performances in the synthesis of renewable p-xylene (PX) via bio-based 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethylene with a PX yield of 97% and much less coke content.
Alkali-driven active site shift of fast SCR with NH3 on V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalyst via a novel Eley–Rideal mechanism
Authors: Xiang Jinyao , Du Xuesen , Wan Yuyi , Chen Yanrong , Ran Jingyu , Zhang Li
Published: September 2019

The heterogeneous SCR reaction obeys the well-known Eley–Rideal mechanism or Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism, while fast SCR over alkali-doping catalysts follows the another “E–R” mechanism with adsorbed NO2.
Synthesis of non-peripherally tetra-substituted copper(ii) phthalocyanines: characterization, optical and surface properties, fabrication and photo-electrical properties of a photosensitive diode
Authors: Günsel Armağan , Bilgiçli Ahmet T. , Pişkin Hasan , Tüzün Burak , Yarasir M. Nilüfer , Gündüz Bayram
Published: September 2019

This study describes the synthesis and characterization of a non-peripherally tetra-substituted copper(ii) phthalocyanine bearing 4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenol groups.
Controllable electrodeposition of binary metal films from deep eutectic solvent as an efficient and durable catalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Vo Truong-Giang , Hidalgo Sebastian Dario Suarez , Chiang Chia-Ying
Published: September 2019

In this work, we present an easy and scalable electrodeposition protocol that operates in a deep eutectic solvent, used to prepare self-supported Ni–Fe alloy films directly grown on copper foils.
Mass production of superhydrophilic sponges for efficient and stable solar-driven highly corrosive water evaporation
Authors: Bai Xianhua , Li Yaguang , Zhang Fengyu , Xu Yingqi , Wang Shufang , Fu Guangsheng
Published: September 2019

Mass production of superhydrophilic black sponges shows a rate of 2.72 and 2.22 kg m−2 h−1 for one solar-driven seawater and corrosive water evaporation.
Catalyst- and additive-free Baeyer–Villiger-type oxidation of α-iodocyclopentenones to α-pyrones: using air as the oxidant
Authors: Zhou Yuanyuan , Chen Xianxiao , Ling Xiangxiang , Rao Weidong
Published: September 2019

Baeyer–Villiger-type oxidation of α-iodocyclopentenones to α-pyrones using air as an environmentally benign oxidant under catalyst- and additive-free conditions is described.
A biocatalytic redox cascade approach for one-pot deracemization of carboxyl-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines by stereoinversion
Authors: Ju Shuyun , Qian Mingxin , Li Jing , Xu Gang , Yang Lirong , Wu Jianping
Published: September 2019

We describe a biocatalytic redox cascade reaction for one-pot enantioselective synthesis of (S)-carboxyl substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines.
A numbering-up metal microreactor for the high-throughput production of a commercial drug by copper catalysis
Authors: Ahn Gwang-Noh , Yu Taejong , Lee Hyune-Jea , Gyak Ki-Won , Kang Ji-Ho , You Donghyun , Kim Dong-Pyo
Published: September 2019

In this study, we present a new numbering-up metal microreactor by integrating a flow distributor and a copper catalytic module for high productivity of a commercial synthetic drug.
ZIF-8 nanoparticles thin film at an oil–water interface as an electrocatalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction without the application of noble metals
Authors: Hoseini S. Jafar , Bahrami Mehrangiz , Nabavizadeh S. Masoud
Published: September 2019

Monodispersed and nano-sized ZIF-8 was synthesized at an oil–water interface for the first time and applied as an electrocatalyst for the methanol oxidation reaction in an alkaline medium.
Ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction as rapid and efficient techniques for plant mediated synthesis of quantum dots: green synthesis, characterization of zinc telluride and comparison study of some biological activities
Authors: Moradi Alvand Zinab , Rajabi Hamid Reza , Mirzaei Ali , Masoumiasl Asad
Published: September 2019

In this study, a simple, rapid, and efficient plant-mediated green approach was presented for the synthesis of stable and ultra-small zinc telluride quantum dots (ZnTe QDs) using the aqueous extract of theFicus johannisplant.
Hot-electron photodetector with wavelength selectivity in near-infrared via Tamm plasmon
Authors: Wang Zhiyu , Clark J. Kenji , Ho Ya-Lun , Delaunay Jean-Jacques
Published: September 2019

The first experimental results of TP coupled hot-electron photodetector.
Unconventional inner-TL electric polarization in TL-LaOBiS2 with ultrahigh carrier mobility
Authors: He Chao , Zhu Jiajun , Zhao Yong-Hong , Liu Chang , Fu Botao
Published: September 2019

Based on first principles calculations, we propose a new 2D ferroelectric material, triple-layer (TL) LaOBiS2, with an ultrahigh carrier mobility over 40 000 cm2 V−1 s−1 and large sunlight absorption.
Complex oscillatory decrease with size in diffusivity of {100}-epitaxially supported 3D fcc metal nanoclusters
Authors: Lai King C. , Evans James W.
Published: September 2019

Complex oscillatory decay in diffusivity of epitaxially supported 3D fcc metal nanoclusters contrasting simple monotonic decay on the macroscale.
In situ detection of protein corona on single particle by rotational diffusivity
Authors: Lin Xijian , Pan Qi , He Yan
Published: September 2019

The volume-dependent rotational diffusion coefficient of gold nanorod was used to monitor the formation of protein corona in homogeneous solution in real time. The detection of particle thickness change could reach subnanometer sensitivity.
Remarkably high-Q resonant nanostructures based on atomically thin two-dimensional materials
Authors: Hong Qilin , Chen Xingqiao , Zhang Jianfa , Zhu Zhihong , Qin Shiqiao , Yuan Xiaodong
Published: September 2019

Resonant nanostructures based on atomically thin two-dimensional materials are proposed to realize remarkably high-Q and precisely tunable resonances.
Hierarchical dual-porosity nanoscale nickel cermet electrode with high performance and stability
Authors: Chen Jingyi , Wang Xin , Boldrin Paul , Brandon Nigel P. , Atkinson Alan
Published: September 2019

Dual-porosity Ni cermets benefit from fast gas transport between micrometre clusters and high electrochemical activity and stability in nanometer networks.
Controllable construction of isoquinolinedione and isocoumarin scaffolds via RhIII-catalyzed C–H annulation of N-tosylbenzamides with diazo compounds
Authors: Liu Yanfei , Wu Jiaping , Qian Baiyang , Shang Yongjia
Published: September 2019

An efficient protocol for the synthesis of isoquinolinediones by RhIII-catalyzed C–H activation/annulation/decarboxylation of N-tosylbenzamides with diazo compounds is reported.
Luminescent and mechanical enhancement of phosphorescent hydrogel through cyclic insulation of platinum-acetylide crosslinker
Authors: Russell Go M. , Inamori Daiki , Masai Hiroshi , Tamaki Takashi , Terao Jun
Published: September 2019

An insulated Pt-acetylide complex was incorporated into a polymer network as a crosslinker to afford a phosphorescent gel.
Centrosymmetric K2SO4·(SbF3)2and noncentrosymmetric Rb2SO4·(SbF3)2resulting from cooperative effects of lone pair and cation size
Authors: Wang Qian , Wang Lei , Zhao Xiaoyu , Huang Ling , Gao Daojiang , Bi Jian , Wang Xin , Zou Guohong
Published: September 2019

The cooperative effects of the lone pair and cation size were used to tune the symmetry of two stoichiometrically equivalent compounds, A2SO4·(SbF3)2(A = K or Rb).
Charge transfer-induced enhancement of a Raman signal in a hybrid Ag–GaN nanostructure
Authors: Upadhyaya Kishor , S Sharvani , Ayachit Narasimha , Shivaprasad S. M.
Published: September 2019

The optical properties and electronic band structure of Ag nanoparticles dispersed on a GaN nanowall network were studied. High metal like surface conductivity was revealed, and charge transfer between Ag and GaN was involved in the enhancement of Raman signals.
Ultrasound assisted one-step synthesis of Au@Pt dendritic nanoparticles with enhanced NIR absorption for photothermal cancer therapy
Authors: Yang Yue , Chen Mei , Wu Yajiao , Wang Peng , Zhao Yan , Zhu Wenxiang , Song Zhiling , Zhang Xiao-Bing
Published: September 2019

Au@Pt dendritic nanoparticles with enhanced NIR absorption were successfully synthesized and applied for cancer photothermal therapy.
A chemodosimeter-modified carbon nanotube-field effect transistor: toward a highly selective and sensitive electrical sensing platform
Authors: Lee Chang-Seuk , Kim Jong Seung , Kim Tae Hyun
Published: September 2019

The utility of the chemodosimetric sensing principle was demonstrated for the first time in electronic biosensing with CNT-FET devices.
Retracted Article: MicroRNA-135a alleviates lipid accumulation and inflammation of atherosclerosis through targeting lipoprotein lipase
Authors: Li Juan , Li Peng , Zhao Yanzhuo , Ma Xiang , He Ruili , Liang Ketai , Zhang Erwei
Published: September 2019

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have recently attracted increasing attention for their involvement in atherosclerosis (AS).
Preparation of cellular samples using graphene cover and air-plasma treatment for time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging
Authors: Lim Heejin , Lee Sun Young , Moon Dae Won , Kim Jae Young
Published: September 2019

Cell preparation methods that combine a single-layer graphene cover with air-plasma treatment for improvement of ToF-SIMS imaging.
Beneficial effects of potassium iodide incorporation on grain boundaries and interfaces of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yang Yin , Wu Lili , Hao Xia , Tang Zeguo , Lai Huagui , Zhang Jingquan , Wang Wenwu , Feng Lianghuan
Published: September 2019

The improved performance for KI incorporated perovskite solar cells are clarified from the point view of grain boundry and interface passivation.
A novel ion-imprinted amidoxime-functionalized UHMWPE fiber based on radiation-induced crosslinking for selective adsorption of uranium
Authors: Ao Junxuan , Zhang Hongjun , Xu Xiao , Yao Fujia , Ma Lin , Zhang Lan , Ye Bangjiao , Li Qingnuan , Xu Lu , Ma Hongjuan
Published: September 2019

A novel uranium-imprinted adsorbent (AO-Imp fiber) was prepared by radiation-induced crosslinking of amidoxime-functionalized ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene fiber (AO fiber).
Forming pure shaped ZSM-5 zeolite bodies by a steam-assisted method and their application in methanol to aromatic reactions
Authors: Wang Junwen , Gao Xiaofeng , Chen Guoliang , Ding Chuanmin
Published: September 2019

The binder added during molding was re-crystallized and converted into a part of ZSM-5 via vapor-phase-treatment method. The prepared catalyst exhibited a long lifetime with high selectivity for MTA reaction.
Confluence of montmorillonite and Rhizobium towards the adsorption of chromium(vi) from aqueous medium
Authors: Sathvika T. , Kumar Saraswathi Akhil Raj , Rajesh Vidya , Rajesh N.
Published: September 2019

Chromium in its hexavalent oxidation state is carcinogenic and wastewater from the electroplating industry is one of the principal sources of pollution.
Pd nanoparticles on green support as dip-catalyst: a facile transfer hydrogenation of olefins and N-heteroarenes in water
Authors: Shaikh M. Nasiruzzaman
Published: September 2019

A dip catalyst consisting of Pd nanoparticles immobilized on the surface of thin slices of jute-stem was fabricated. Its versatility as a hydrogen transfer agent for styrenyl, cyclic and unfunctionalized olefins and N-heterocycles was investigated.
An exceptionally stable octacobalt-cluster-based metal–organic framework for enhanced water oxidation catalysis
Authors: Huang Ning-Yu , Shen Jian-Qiang , Ye Zi-Ming , Zhang Wei-Xiong , Liao Pei-Qin , Chen Xiao-Ming
Published: September 2019

The site, capping four coplanar cobalt ions, has a near-optimal OH− adsorption energy, which is beneficial to accelerate the reaction kinetics of water oxidation catalysis.
Ultra-long photoluminescence lifetime in an inorganic halide perovskite thin film
Authors: Zhang Linxing , Zhou Mei , Zhang Ziyue , Yuan Jifeng , Li Bo , Wen Wen , Tian Jianjun
Published: September 2019

The polymer-cladding inorganic halide perovskite films exhibit ultra-long photoluminescence lifetimes by introducing polyvinyl pyrrolidone that provides chemical passivation and improved crystallinity.
Homoconjugation enhances the photophysical and electrochemical properties of a new 3D intramolecular charge transfer iptycene displaying deep blue emission
Authors: Montanaro Stephanie , Congrave Daniel G. , Etherington Marc K. , Wright Iain A.
Published: September 2019

Greater than the sum of its parts – a 3D ICT molecule displays greatly improved optoelectronic properties over a 2D analogue.
Multifunctional applications of triazine/carbazole hybrid thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters in organic light emitting diodes
Authors: Liu Di , Li Deli , Meng Huihui , Wang Ying , Wu Lizhu
Published: September 2019

A novel meta-linked carbazole/triazine thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) material exhibits multiple functions in OLEDs as a doped and non-doped blue emitter, as a host for other dopants, and as a host emitter in white OLEDs.
Phase transition, optical and dielectric properties regulated by anion-substitution in a homologous series of 2D hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites
Authors: Wei Wen-Juan , Li Chao , Li Lin-Sui , Tang Yun-Zhi , Jiang Xing-Xing , Lin Zhe-Shuai
Published: September 2019

Three homologous 2D organic–inorganic perovskites exhibit regulative magnitudes of phase transition temperature up to 185 K and band gap up to 1.79 eV as halogen atoms vary from Cl, Br to I.
Crystal structure of zinc-α2-glycoprotein in complex with a fatty acid reveals multiple different modes of protein-lipid binding
Authors: Lau Andy M. , Zahid Henna , Gor Jayesh , Perkins Stephen J. , Coker Alun R. , McDermott Lindsay C.
Published: September 2019

Human zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a 42 kDa adipokine which regulates body fat mass and is associated with cachexia and obesity. ZAG belongs to the major histocompatibility complex class I protein family and binds long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in its groove formed from the α1 and α2 domains. To identify the molecular basis of its lipid-binding function, we determined the first crystal structure at 2.49 Å resolution for fatty acid-bound ZAG, where the ligand was the fluorescent 11-(dansylamino)undecanoic acid (DAUDA). The 192 kDa crystallographic asymmetric unit contained six ZAG and eight fatty acid molecules in unique conformations. Six fatty acid molecules were localised to the ZAG grooves, where their tails were bound in two distinct conformations. The carboxylate groups of three fatty acids projected out of the groove, while the fourth was hydrogen bonded with R73 inside the groove. Other ligand-residue contacts were primarily hydrophobic. A new fatty acid site was revealed for two further DAUDA molecules at the ZAG α3 domains. Following conformational changes from unbound ZAG, the α3 domains formed tetrameric β-barrel structures lined by fatty acid molecules that doubled the binding capacity of ZAG. Analytical ultracentrifugation revealed that ZAG in solution was a monomer in the absence of DAUDA, but formed small amounts of tetramers with DAUDA. By showing that ZAG binds fatty acids in different locations, we demonstrate an augmented mechanism for fatty acid binding in ZAG that is distinct from other known fatty acid binding proteins, and may be relevant to cachexia.
Hexokinase II inhibition by 3-bromopyruvate sensitizes myeloid leukemic cells K-562 to anti-leukemic drug, daunorubicin
Authors: Rai Yogesh , Yadav Priyanshu , Kumari Neeraj , Kalra Namita , Bhatt Anant Narayan
Published: September 2019

An increased metabolic flux towards Warburg phenotype promotes survival, proliferation and causes therapeutic resistance, in leukemic cells. Hexokinase-II (HK-II) is expressed predominantly in cancer cells, which promotes Warburg metabolic phenotype and protects the cancer cells from drug-induced apoptosis. The HK-II inhibitor 3- Bromopyruvate (3-BP) dissociates HK-II from mitochondrial complex, which leads to enhanced sensitization of leukemic cells to anti-leukemic drugs. In the present study, we analyzed the Warburg characteristics viz. HK-II expression, glucose uptake, endogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) level of leukemic cell lines K-562 and THP-1 and then investigated if 3-BP can sensitize the leukemic cells K-562 to anti-leukemic drug Daunorubicin (DNR). We found that both K-562 and THP-1 cells have multi-fold high levels of HK-II, glucose uptake and endogenous ROS with respect to normal PBMCs. The combined treatment (CT) of 3-BP and DNR showed synergistic effect on the growth inhibition (GI) of K-562 and THP-1 cells. This growth inhibitory effect was attributed to 3-BP induced S-phase block and DNR induced G2/M block, resulted in reduced proliferation due to CT. Further, CT resulted in low HK-II level in mitochondrial fraction, high intracellular calcium and elevated apoptosis as compared with individual treatment of DNR and 3-BP. Moreover, CT caused enhanced DNA damage and hyperpolarized mitochondria, leading to cell death. Taken together, these results suggest that 3-BP synergises the anticancer effects of DNR in the chronic myeloid leukemic cell K-562, and may act as an effective adjuvant to anti-leukemic chemotherapy.
Targeting centrosome amplification, an Achilles' heel of cancer
Authors: Sabat-Pośpiech Dorota , Fabian-Kolpanowicz Kim , Prior Ian A. , Coulson Judy M. , Fielding Andrew B.
Published: September 2019

Due to cell-cycle dysregulation, many cancer cells contain more than the normal compliment of centrosomes, a state referred to as centrosome amplification (CA). CA can drive oncogenic phenotypes and indeed can cause cancer in flies and mammals. However, cells have to actively manage CA, often by centrosome clustering, in order to divide. Thus, CA is also an Achilles' Heel of cancer cells. In recent years, there have been many important studies identifying proteins required for the management of CA and it has been demonstrated that disruption of some of these proteins can cause cancer-specific inhibition of cell growth. For certain targets therapeutically relevant interventions are being investigated, for example, small molecule inhibitors, although none are yet in clinical trials. As the field is now poised to move towards clinically relevant interventions, it is opportune to summarise the key work in targeting CA thus far, with particular emphasis on recent developments where small molecule or other strategies have been proposed. We also highlight the relatively unexplored paradigm of reversing CA, and thus its oncogenic effects, for therapeutic gain.
Use of S1QELs and S3QELs to link mitochondrial sites of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generation to physiological and pathological outcomes
Authors: Watson Mark A. , Wong Hoi-Shan , Brand Martin D.
Published: September 2019

Changes in mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production may contribute to various pathologies, and even aging, given that over time and in certain conditions, they damage macromolecules and disrupt normal redox signalling. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants such as mitoQ, mitoVitE, and mitoTEMPO have opened up the study of the importance of altered mitochondrial matrix superoxide/hydrogen peroxide in disease. However, the use of such tools has caveats and they are unable to distinguish precise sites of production within the reactions of substrate oxidation and the electron transport chain. S1QELs are specific small-molecule Suppressors of site IQElectron Leak and S3QELs are specific small-molecule Suppressors of site IIIQoElectron Leak; they prevent superoxide/hydrogen production at specific sites without affecting electron transport or oxidative phosphorylation. We discuss the benefits of using S1QELs and S3QELs as opposed to mitochondria-targeted antioxidants, mitochondrial poisons, and genetic manipulation. We summarise pathologies in which site IQ in mitochondrial complex I and site IIIQo in mitochondrial complex III have been implicated using S1QELs and S3QELs.
Figuring of optical aluminium devices by reactive ion beam etching
Authors: Bauer Jens , Ulitschka Melanie , Frost Frank , Arnold Thomas
Published: September 2019

Ion beam figuring (IBF) is an established method in high-end surface manufacturing. However, the direct processing of desired materials as standard Al alloys (e.g. Al6061)fails, since the surface roughness increases drastically as a result of inhomogeneous etching due to structural, crystallographic and chemical irregularities inside the material matrix. As an alternative figuring technology reactive ion-beam etching (RIBE) is a promising route. RIBE provides the direct machining of Al alloys while preserving the surface roughness almostin its initial state. The RIBE process with nitrogengasis focused more detailedin this study.
The Manufacturing of a Multi-surface Monolithic Telescope with Freeform Surfaces
Authors: Blalock Todd , Myer Brian , Cox Brittany , Nelson Jessica
Published: September 2019

Monolithic multi-surface telescopes combined with freeform optical surfaces provide improvements in optical performance in a smaller footprint as compared to systems with spherical surfaces, while providing superior mechanical stability to traditional telescope assemblies. Three different monolithic telescope concepts, in different configurations and optical performance were produced as proof of concepts. The results of the telescopes are presented as well as the unique manufacturing and testing challenges to produce these monolithic optical systems.
Approaches For A Destructive Measurement Method Of Subsurface Damages
Authors: Seiler Michael , Tianis Lukas , Bliedtner Jens , Berlinger Mario , Gürtler Steffen
Published: September 2019

In optical manufacturing, the depth of subsurface damages (SSD) depicts an important quality aspect of optical elements. Nowadays, the investigation methods of the damage zone are mostly destructive and allow a sampling of the substrates only. This leads to a lack of statistical reliability. In this paper, one aim is to develop an easy and cheap procedure to evaluate the probes. Therefore, a spherical polishing and chemical etching is introduced. By means of imaging processing software the acquired data is analysed, which eliminates the operator influence und increases the reproducibility. Applying binarizing and shape detection algorithms the SSD structures is detected and the number of pixels per structure is calculated. The percentage of SSD over the depth fit with an exponential curve displays a maximum depth as a single value. The development of a method to choose the best threshold value represents an approach to quantify the uncertainty of the resulting SSD-depth.
New Technical Solutions in the Production Method of High-Aperture Ruled Diffraction Gratings
Authors: Melnikov Andrei , Lukin Anatoly
Published: September 2019

This paper presents a new approach in the production method of high-aperture diffraction gratings with high diffraction efficiency on convex and concave working surfaces with large deflection based on the use of an original pendulum-type ruling engine.
Ultra-High-Throughput Multi-Parametric Imaging Flow Cytometry
Authors: deMello Andrew , Rane Anand , Holzner Gregor , Stavrakis Stavros
Published: September 2019

I will present a microfluidic imaging flow cytometer incorporating stroboscopic illumination, for blur-free cellular analysis at throughputs exceeding 100,000 cells per second. By combining passive (inertial or viscoelastic) focusing of cells in parallel microchannels with stroboscopic illumination, such chip-based cytometers are able to extract multi-colour fluorescence and bright-field images of single cells moving at high linear velocities. This in turn allows accurate sizing of individual cells, intracellular localization and analysis of heterogeneous cell suspensions. The method is showcased through the rapid enumeration of apoptotic cells, high-throughput discrimination cell cycle phases and localization of p-bodies.
Investigation on the effect of mechanical vibration in mild steel weld pool
Authors: Singh Pravin Kumar
Published: September 2019

This study presents a new concept of a vibratory welding setup which can transfer the mechanical vibrations in the weld zone during Shielded Metal Arc welding (SMAW) process and can also produce the resonance frequency of 300 Hz. In the present investigation mild steel plates of 6 mm thickness has been butt welded using both conventional and vibratory welding conditions. Microstructure and the mechanical properties of the butt welded joints were evaluated, and the results were compared. Further, in order to optimize the process parameters of vibratory welding technique Taguchi and analysis of variance (ANOVA) technique have been adopted. The responses considered for analysis are hardness, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and impact strength. The result of the study indicates that by applying the vibratory treatment during welding process the mechanical properties such as hardness, tensile strength and impact strength have been enhanced. Lastly, the obtained results are correlated from the results in the past researches.
Summary of the plenary sessions at European Space Weather Week 15: space weather users and service providers working together now and in the future
Authors: Bingham Suzy , Murray Sophie A. , Guerrero Antonio , Glover Alexi , Thorn Peter
Published: September 2019

During European Space Weather Week 15 two plenary sessions were held to review the status of operational space weather forecasting. The first session addressed the topic of working with space weather service providers now and in the future, the user perspective. The second session provided the service perspective, addressing experiences in forecasting development and operations. Presentations in both sessions provided an overview of international efforts on these topics, and panel discussion topics arising in the first session were used as a basis for panel discussion in the second session. Discussion topics included experiences during the September 2017 space weather events, cross domain impacts, timeliness of notifications, and provision of effective user education. Users highlighted that a severe space weather event did not necessarily lead to severe impacts for each individual user across the different sectors. Service providers were generally confident that timely and reliable information could be provided during severe and extreme events, although stressed that more research and funding were required in this relatively new field of operational space weather forecasting, to ensure continuation of capabilities and further development of services, in particular improved forecasting targeting user needs. Here a summary of the sessions is provided followed by a commentary on the current state-of-the-art and potential next steps towards improvement of services.