bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Ziguinchor, Southern Region of Senegal
Authors: Diallo Kalilou , Mané Lamine , Badji Ludmillie Annie , Coly Mame Ngoné , Sarr Habibou , Wembulua Bruce Shinga , Cabral Emmanuel Nicolas , Diatta Ansoumana , Manga Noel Magloire
Published: March 2024

Background: Untreated smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis constitutes the main source of transmission of the disease in the community.
Aims: The aim of our study was to determine the diagnosis delays of smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis in adults and to identify the factors associated with the diagnosis delay in Ziguinchor, Senegal.
Methodology: This is a prospective descriptive and analytical study carried out from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2022, in cases of pulmonary tuberculosis whose diagnosis was confirmed by the identification of AFB in sputum after Ziehl Nielsen staining and/or detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Genexpert. Delay was defined as a diagnosis confirmed after 36 days. Logistic regression was performed to determine factors associated with diagnosis delay.
Results: A total of 141 patients were included. They had an average age of 40 years ± 16 years, (16 years - 86 years). The peak age group was 16-30 years (34.04%). The sex ratio (M/F) was 1.8. The main characteristics of the patients were: a low level of education (34.8%), work in the informal sector (70.2%) and smoking (25.5%). More than half of the patients (78.44%) had their home less than 5 km from the anti-tuberculosis dispensing center. The patients’ initial symptoms were dominated by cough (90.0%), fever (78%) and weight loss (59.6%). The traditional healer was the first source of care in 40.4%, followed by the health post (37.7%), the health center (16%) and regional hospitals (5.8%). HIV serology was positive in 13.5% of cases. The average time between the beginning of symptoms and the tuberculosis diagnosis was 36± 9.22 days (15 - 58 days). The median time to treatment initiation was 1.8± 1.6 days (1 - 6 days). A diagnosis delay was noted in 53.19%. In multivariate analysis with linear regression, age > 50 years (p = 0.021), use of herbal medicine (p = 0.036) and monthly income < 58 USD (p = 0.039) were the factors associated with late diagnosis of tuberculosis.
Conclusion: The diagnostic delay in smear-positive tuberculosis cases is significant in our context.  To shorten this mean delay period, it is necessary to both strengthen the professional abilities and skills of caregivers in the health posts and involve after training the traditional healers in the screening and sensitizing process of the population
Enzymatic Activities in the Rhizosphere Soil as Influenced by Filterbeds and Hydrophytes in the Vertically Constructed Wetland
Authors: Vanitha, T.  , Hebbara Manjunatha , Manjunatha M.V.
Published: March 2024

An experiment with different filter beds and macrophytes was carried out to study their phytoremediation capacity on the efficiency of domestic wastewater treatment through constructed wetland (CW) at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad campus, Karnataka, between November 2017 and March 2018. Twenty treatment combinations involving five types of filter beds (FB-1: gravel, FB-2: gravel-sand-gravel, FB-3: gavel-sand-brick-gravel, FB-4: gravel-sand-charcoal-gravel and FB-5: gravel-sand-(charcoal+brick)-gravel) and four macrophytes (MP-1: Typha latifolia, MP-2: Brachiaria mutica, MP-3: Canna indica and MP-4: Phragmites sp.) were evaluated for treating domestic waste water. After 120 days from the start, across treatment combinations, the plant in each column was uprooted, and the soil adhered to the root was collected in a polyethylene cover. The samples were brought to the laboratory, refrigerated, and then analysed for dehydrogenase, phosphatase, and urease activities, as well as for biofilm formation. Results revealed that the highest biofilm growth was observed on brick (1.18 and 0.05 mg g-1) had the maximum biofilm formation, followed by sand (0.68 and 0.04 mg g-1), charcoal (0.67 and 0.02 mg g-1), and gravel (0.31 and 0.01 mg g-1) at depths ranging from 0 to 5 and 5 to 15 cm, respectively. Since the CW can be implemented with flexibility, it can be used as the primary, secondary or tertiary treatment stage depending on the site and its configuration.
Analysis of Rainfall Trend in North Interior Karnataka (NIK) Meteorological Subdivision of Karnataka by Non-Parametric Methodologies
Authors: Kodandarama, S.R.  , Mohan Kumar, T.L.  , Prathima, C.M.  , Krishna T. V.
Published: March 2024

The present study analyzed the trend in the month-wise, seasonal and annual rainfall employing three non-parametric tests viz. Mann-Kendall (M-K), Modified Mann-Kendall (MM-K) tests and Sen’s slope estimator for North Interior Karnataka (NIK) meteorological subdivision of Karnataka using 60 years (1960-2019) rainfall data. The M-K test results revealed that there is no monotonic trend in all data sets which indicates that there may exist the influence of serial correlation in the rainfall data. The MM-K test was applied to rainfall data of the NIK subdivision, the result of the test revealed that January, February, March and August months have a monotonic increasing trend whereas April, May, July and September months have a monotonic decreasing trend whereas June, October, November and December have no monotonic trend in monthly rainfall data. The winter season has a monotonic increasing trend, monsoon and post-monsoon seasons have a monotonic decreasing trend, and the pre-monsoon season has no monotonic trend in seasonal rainfall data. The MM-K test statistic (Tau) value for the NIK (-0.12) subdivision was found to be significant and negative indicating that there is a monotonic decreasing trend. Larger negative Sen’s slope values for NIK (-1.40) subdivision indicate the high decreasing rate of change of rainfall for annual rainfall data. Therefore, to know the trend in rainfall data most accurately in the presence of outliers and serial correlation, the Modified Mann-Kendall (MM-K) test and Sen’s slope estimator are recommended instead of Mann-Kendall (M-K) and Sen’s slope estimator.
Depth-Wise Distribution of Soil Chemical Properties, Micro-nutrients Status, and Bacterial Population under Quercus leucotrichophora and Shorea robusta Forest of Chakrata and Thano Region of Uttarakhand
Authors: Kotiyal Parul Bhatt , Soni Antrix , Sharma Shivam Kumar
Published: March 2024

Forest trees have an appreciable demand for nutrients as they have longer rotation than crops and this is easily replenished by the constant release of nutrients resulting from weathering under favorable conditions in the soils developed from parent material rich in nutrient-bearing minerals. A study was undertaken to assess the chemical properties, micro-nutrient status, and bacterial population; two sites were taken for the collection of soil samples: the oak forest of Chakrata and the Sal forest of Thano. Soils were drawn at three depths viz. 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-90 cm. All soil parameters examined at three depths viz. 0-30 cm, 30-60 cm, 60-90 cm. Oak (Quercus Leucotrichophora) forests have higher microbial activity than Sal forests. The soil in both the studied areas was rich in nutrients, where, the maximum mean standard deviation values of pH (6.85), soil organic carbon (5.9 %), available nitrogen (0.04 %) reported in the Oak forest of Chakrata, and available phosphorus were almost similar in both forest regions. Oak forests have higher organic carbon, water-holding capacity, and nutrient availability compared to Sal forests. However, it is concluded that, for better conditions of these forests for soil and carbon-storing potential, the forest needs good management practices, especially in community forest areas to avoid illegal felling, impact of fire, and over-exploitation of fuel and fodder. Good management practices would help mitigate the impact of climate change and sustainable outcomes of the resources for the community's benefit.
Isolation of Rhizosphere and Phyllosphere Bacteria from Cereal Samples
Authors: Lakkannavar Chaitra , Swamy Mahadeva , Yallappa M  , Ramesh Y M  , Rao Satyanarayan
Published: March 2024

This study presents the isolation of rhizosphere and phyllosphere bacteria from cereal samples, highlighting their importance in agricultural ecosystems. Employing surface sterilization techniques, selective media and molecular analysis, diverse bacterial communities were identified on the root and leaf surfaces of cereal crops, encompassing taxa from the Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes phyla. A total of 40 rhizosphere and phyllosphere bacteria were isolated from different cereal crops This research contributes to our understanding of microbial dynamics within cereal crop ecosystems and informs strategies for optimizing agricultural practices to meet the challenges of global food security and environmental sustainability.
Correlation and Path Coefficient Analyses for Grain Yield and Its Contributing Traits in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell)
Authors: Saini Pawan Kumar , Singh S V , Yadav R K , Singh Lokendra , Singh Shweta, S K , Tripathi Harshit , Dwivedi Swapnil , Tiwari Utkarsh
Published: March 2024

The study on bread wheat for fourteen characters viz., days to heading (50%), days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of productive tillers per plant, chlorophyll content , spike length (cm), number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, weight of grain per spike(g), 1000 grain weight (g),  biological yield (g), harvest index (%),protein content (%) and grain yield per plant (g) was conducted by making crosses among ten diverse genotypes in half diallel fashion grown in Randomized Block Design in three replication during Rabi 2022-2023 at SIF, C. S. Azad University of Agriculture & Technology, Kanpur, U.P. to assess the correlation and path coefficient. At genotypic level grain yield per plant showed positive and significant correlation with biological yieldper plant followed by number f productive tillers per plant, weight of grain per spike, harvest index, 1000 grain weight, chlorophyll content and days to maturity. In F2 generation correlation coefficients at genotypic level higher than the corresponding phenotype correlation coefficient for all characters and eight characters viz., biologic yield per plant, weight of grain per spike, number of productive tillers per plant, harvest index, 1000 grain weight, days to maturity, protein content and number of grain per spike showed positive and significant correlation with grain yield per plant. At genotypic level the highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant was exerted by biological yield per plant followed by harvest index, number of spikelets per spike, spike length, days to 50% heading, 1000 grain weight, number of productive tiller per plant, weight of grain per spike, chlorophyll content and protein content in F1s.At phenotypic level the highest positive direct effect on grain yield per plant was exerted by biological yield per plant followed by harvest index, spike length, days to maturity, number of productive tiller per plant, weight of grain per spike, chlorophyll contend and protein content in F2s. Hence these characters may be considered for selection and improvement of grain yield in bread wheat.
Evaluation of the Safety of Horticultural Mineral oil to the Predatory Mite, Neoseiulus longispinosus and Acaropathogen, Acremonium zeylanicum
Authors: Kavya Yadav G. A.  , Bhaskar Haseena
Published: March 2024

Laboratory bioassay to evaluate the safety of Horticultural mineral oil (HMO) to the predatory mite, N. longispinosus revealed that HMO is relatively safer to the predator. At the highest concentration evaluated (3.0%) HMO resulted in 38.89 per cent and 22.22 per cent mortality of eggs and adults respectively. Horticultural mineral oil alone and in combination with neem oil was found to be inhibitory to the acaropathogen, A. zeylanicum. The combination treatment, HMO (3.0%) + neem oil (2.0%) recorded significantly higher inhibition of 86.44 per cent as against a significantly lower 46.67 per cent inhibition by HMO at 2.5 per cent. No visible phytotoxic effects were observed on okra plant at higher concentration of HMO (6%). The study revealed that HMO is relatively safer to the predatory mite, acaropathogen and to the okra plant. The HMO can be incorporated into IPM programmes for pest management.
All‐Photonic Molecular XOR and NOR Logic Gates Based on Photochemical Control of Fluorescence in a Fulgimide–Porphyrin–Dithienylethene Triad
Authors: Straight S. D. , Liddell P. A. , Terazono Y. , Moore T. A. , Moore A. L. , Gust D.
Published: February 2007

A molecular triad consisting of a porphyrin linked to two photochromes, a fulgimide, and a dithienylethene, is synthesized and studied. When both photochromes are in their visible‐light‐absorbing forms, excitation of the fulgimide at 470 nm initiates a two‐step singlet energy‐transfer relay wherein excitation migrates first to the porphyrin and then to the dithienylethene. Photoisomerization of the dithienylethene to the open form using visible light prevents the second step, and excitation ultimately resides on the porphyrin, which fluoresces. Photoisomerization of the fulgimide eliminates significant absorption by the molecule at 470 nm, and consequently porphyrin excitation by energy transfer. Photoisomerization of each photochrome may be preferentially achieved, allowing access to all four isomeric states of the molecule. These states correspond to the outputs of logic gates, allowing solutions of the triad to perform either NOT‐OR (NOR) or exclusive OR (XOR) functions using only optical inputs and outputs.
Photoswitches Containing a Dithiafulvene Electron Donor
Authors: Åxman Petersen M. , Zhu L. , Jensen S. H. , Andersson A. S. , Kadziola A. , Kilså K. , Brøndsted Nielsen M.
Published: February 2007

Three new chromophores containing an electron‐donating dithiafulvene (DTF) unit attached to derivatives of retinal, diethynylethene (DEE), and dihydroazulene (DHA), respectively, are synthesized and characterized by using X‐ray crystallography as well as absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. In general, the DTF unit induces a significant red‐shift in the lowest‐energy absorption in all investigated chromophores. The influence of the DTF unit on light‐induced cis–trans isomerization and on retro‐electrocyclization is investigated. Although the retinylidene derivative decomposes when subjected to light, the DTF‐functionalized DEE and DHA compounds undergo reversible isomerization. Computations show that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) of DTF–DHA is spread over most of the π‐conjugated system, whereas it is more localized in the ring‐opened product. This difference is reflected in the redox properties.
Cover Picture: The Exciting Chemistry of Tetraazidomethane (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 7/2007)
Authors: Banert Klaus , Joo Young‐Hyuk , Rüffer Tobias , Walfort Bernhard , Lang Heinrich
Published: February 2007

Not only as an explosive but also in its sometimes surprising reactions, tetraazidomethane proves to be an exciting substance. As shown in the cover picture, the compound can be synthesized from commercially available trichloroacetonitrile in one step, isolated by preparative gas chromatography as a limpid liquid, and characterized by its 15N NMR spectrum measured with natural isotopic abundance. Although a simple trapping product is formed in the presence of cyclooctyne, tetraazidomethane undergoes a more complex transformation with norbornene. Further reactions are described by K. Banert et al. in their Communication on page 1168 ff.
Heterogeneous dehalogenation of arylhalides in the presence of ionic liquids
Authors: Ohlin C. André , Béni Zolt´n , Laurenczy G´bor , Ruiz Nuria , Masdeu‐Bultó Anna M.
Published: February 2007

Dehydrohalogenation of haloaromatics in ionic liquids derived from ethylmethylimidazolium or similar salts has been performed using PdC, Pd(OAc)2 and other catalysts using formate salts as a hydrogen source. In the ionic liquid [emim][BF4], chlorobenzene was dehalogenated by up to 40%, bromobenzene up to 25% and iodobenzene up to 41% in 2 h. Reactions in the absence of the ionic liquid were also performed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis, structure, and activity of (PhCH2NH2)2CuCl2 for oxidative coupling of 2‐naphthylamine
Authors: Zi Guofu , Xiang Li , Zhang Yadong , Wang Qiuwen , Zhang Zhanbin
Published: February 2007

(PhCH2NH2)2CuCl2 (2), an effective oxidation reagent for oxidative coupling of 2‐naphthylamine (1) to form 2,2′‐diamino‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (4), is studied. Oxidative coupling of 2‐naphthylamine (1) is carried out at room temperature in methanol by (PhCH2NH2)2CuCl2 (2), which is prepared from CuCl2·2H2O and benzylamine in methanol, to give a novel copper complex, [{1,1′‐(C10H6)2‐2,2′‐(NH2)2}2CuCl]Cl·CH3OH·3H2O (3), in good yield. Treatment of 3 with aqueous HCl (37%), followed by addition of NH3·H2O (25%), gives 2,2′‐diamino‐1,1′‐binaphthyl (4) in a moderate yield (total yield from 1: > 70%). Both 2 and 3 have been characterized by various techniques, such as infrared spectroscopy, elemental analyses and X‐ray diffraction. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Where FoxP3‐dependent regulatory T cells impinge on the development of inflammatory arthritis
Authors: Nguyen Linh T. , Jacobs Jonathan , Mathis Diane , Benoist Christophe
Published: February 2007

Objective

Regulatory T cells play a suppressive role in many autoimmune diseases and can potentially affect various steps in the progression of disease. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of Treg cells in the control of arthritis development.

Methods

Using crosses and cell transfers, we tested the effect of the scurfy loss‐of‐function mutation of the Foxp3 gene in the K/BxN mouse model. In this model, arthritis develops as the result of the production of high levels of pathogenic autoantibodies.

Results

The absence of Treg cells in K/BxN mice led to faster and more aggressive arthritis. Strikingly, disease also spread to joints not normally affected in this model. The absence of Treg cells resulted in an acceleration of the immunologic phase of disease, with significantly earlier autoantibody production. However, the broadened spectrum of affected joints in Foxp3‐mutant mice was not due to the earlier appearance of autoantibodies and could not be reproduced by increasing the anti–glucose‐6‐phosphate isomerase antibody load, which demonstrates an impact of Treg cells on effector phase manifestations. In addition, FoxP3+,CD25+ Treg cells accumulated in inflamed joints, even in nontransgenic animals. This preferential localization mimics that in human arthritides and indicates a preferential homing/retention of Treg cells to sites of inflammation.

Conclusion

These results indicate that Treg cells play a role in antibody‐mediated arthritis at several levels. Treg cells are involved in constraining the immune phase of disease, as well as limiting the articular damage provoked by the pathogenic autoantibodies in terms of severity and of the range of affected joints, which may contribute to the limited distal predominance of many arthritides.
Vaccination with selected synovial T cells in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Chen Guangjie , Li Ningli , Zang Ying C. Q. , Zhang Dongqing , He Dongyi , Feng Guozhang , Ni Liqing , Xu Rong , Wang Li , Shen Baihua , Zhang Jingwu Z.
Published: February 2007

Objective

This pilot clinical study was undertaken to investigate the role of T cell vaccination in the induction of regulatory immune responses in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

Autologous synovial T cells were selected for pathologic relevance, rendered inactive by irradiation, and used for vaccination. Fifteen patients received T cell vaccination via 6 subcutaneous inoculations over a period of 12 months.

Results

T cell vaccination led to induction of CD4+ Tregs and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells specific for T cell vaccine. There was selective expansion of CD4+,Vβ2+ Tregs that produced interleukin‐10 (IL‐10) and expressed a high level of transcription factor Foxp3, which coincided with depletion of overexpressed BV14+ T cells in treated patients. CD4+ IL‐10–secreting Tregs induced by T cell vaccination were found to react specifically with peptides derived from IL‐2 receptor α‐chain. The expression level of Foxp3 in CD4+ T cells and increased inhibitory activity of CD4+,CD25+ Tregs were significantly elevated following T cell vaccination. The observed regulatory immune responses collectively correlated with clinical improvement in treated patients. In an intent‐to‐treat analysis, a substantial response, defined as meeting the American College of Rheumatology 50% improvement criteria, was shown in 10 of the 15 patients (66.7%) and was accompanied by a marked improvement in RA‐related laboratory parameters.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that T cell vaccination induces regulatory immune responses that are associated with improved clinical and laboratory variables in RA patients.
Suppression of immune responses in collagen‐induced arthritis by a rationally designed CD80‐binding peptide agent
Authors: Srinivasan Mythily , Eri Rajaraman , Zunt Susan L. , Summerlin Don‐John , Brand David D. , Blum Janice S.
Published: February 2007

Objective

The CD80/CD86–CD28/CD152 costimulatory pathways transmit signals for CD4+ T cell activation and suppression and are critically involved in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). A significant number of CD4+ T cells and macrophages in the rheumatoid synovium express elevated levels of CD80, increasing the potential for costimulation in trans of naive T cells. To determine the effect of blockade of this costimulatory axis in RA, we designed novel CD80‐binding peptides and evaluated their therapeutic potential in collagen‐induced arthritis (CIA), an animal model of RA.

Methods

The conserved MYPPPY motif of CD152 adopts a polyproline type II (PPII) helical conformation in the CD80–CD152 complex. The pairing preferences of the critical residues at the CD80–CD152 interface and their propensity to form PPII helices were integrated to design peptides with optimum PPII helical content that selectively block CD80–receptor interactions. The clinical efficacy was tested in DBA/1LacJ mice that were administered the CD80 blocking agents, called CD80‐binding competitive antagonist peptides (CD80‐CAPs), at the time of immunization with bovine type II collagen or 3 weeks after immunization.

Results

A single administration of select CD80‐CAPs significantly reduced the clinical, radiologic, and histologic disease severity in CIA. Importantly, administration of CD80‐CAPs during activated immune response significantly suppressed disease development by reducing mononuclear cell infiltration in the joints and mediating peripheral deletion of activated CD4+ T cells.

Conclusion

A rationally designed CD80‐binding peptide both prevents and suppresses CIA, suggesting a potential application in RA. Apoptosis of activated CD4+ T cells following in vivo blockade suggests that the effects of CD80‐CAPs may be long‐lasting.
Prevalence, risk factors, and outcome of uveitis in juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A long‐term followup study
Authors: Saurenmann R. K. , Levin A. V. , Feldman B. M. , Rose J. B. , Laxer R. M. , Schneider R. , Silverman E. D.
Published: February 2007

Objective

To assess the prevalence, risk factors, and long‐term outcome of uveitis in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).

Methods

An inception cohort of all 1,081 patients diagnosed as having JIA at a single tertiary care center was established. A questionnaire and followup telephone calls were used to confirm the diagnosis of uveitis. Ophthalmologists' records of patients with uveitis were collected. Kaplan‐Meier and Cox regression analyses were used to assess risk factors for developing uveitis and for complications of uveitis.

Results

After a mean followup time of 6.9 years, 142 of 1,081 patients (13.1%) had developed uveitis. Risk factors were young age at diagnosis, female sex, antinuclear antibody positivity, and the subtype of JIA. The relative contribution of these risk factors was different for the different subtypes of JIA. Until the end of the study, uveitis complications had developed in 53 of 142 patients with uveitis (37.3%; 4.9% of the total cohort). Only 16 of 175 involved eyes (9.1%) in 14 of 108 patients (13%; 1.3% of the total cohort) for whom ophthalmology reports were available had best corrected visual acuity less than 20/40 (mean followup time for uveitis of 6.3 years). Abnormal vision was associated with synechiae or cataract.

Conclusion

Risk factors for developing uveitis were different among subtypes of JIA. The long‐term outcome of JIA‐associated uveitis in our cohort was excellent despite the high rate of complications.
First report of macrophage activation syndrome in hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever syndrome
Authors: Rigante Donato , Capoluongo Ettore , Bertoni Barbara , Ansuini Valentina , Chiaretti Antonio , Piastra Marco , Pulitanò Silvia , Genovese Orazio , Compagnone Adele , Stabile Achille
Published: February 2007

We describe for the first time a case of macrophage activation syndrome in a child with hyperimmunoglobulinemia D with periodic fever syndrome who required intensive care support. Up‐regulated monokine production, high serum levels of triglycerides and ferritin, clotting abnormalities with hypofibrinogenemia, and rapidly evolving pancytopenia should alert the clinician to the possible diagnosis of macrophage activation syndrome, even in autoinflammatory diseases characterized basically by the periodic recurrence of unprovoked inflammatory attacks. Bone marrow aspiration showing well‐differentiated macrophages phagocytosing hematopoietic elements remains the main tool for a final diagnosis, and cyclosporine is the best strategy for treatment.
Mesenteric transection decreases expression of interstitial cells of Cajal in an experimental model
Authors: Nishimura M , Koda K , Oda K , Seike K , Shimizu K , Miyazaki M
Published: February 2007

Background

After anterior resection for rectal carcinoma patients often complain of defaecatory dysfunction. The aim of this study was to examine the number of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and ganglion cells in the distal colon partially denervated by mesenteric transection in a rat model.

Methods

Four groups of rats were operated on, a control group and three experimental groups, with increasing degree of mesenteric transection to denervate the distal colon. Animals were killed after 3 months, and the denervated colon was investigated using immunohistochemistry with Kit and protein gene product 9.5 antibodies to detect ICCs and ganglion cells respectively. Reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction for c-kit and histomorphometry of muscular thickness were performed.

Results

The total number of ICCs was significantly lower in the three operated models than in the control, particularly in the histological layers of the myenteric plexus and submucosal border. There was no difference in the number of ganglion cells or changes in muscular thickness between the models.

Conclusion

The number of ICCs in rat distal colon denervated by mesenteric transection is decreased at 3 months after surgery.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of the High‐Pressure Modification of CePdSn — A 5 K Antiferromagnet.
Authors: Heymann Gunter , Riecken Jan F. , Rayaprol Subhindra , Christian Sandra , Poettgen Rainer , Huppertz Hubert
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular Simulation Studies of Water Physisorption in Zeolite.
Authors: Di Lella Angela , Desbiens Nicolas , Boutin Anne , Demachy Isabelle , Ungerer Philippe , Bellat Jean‐Pierre , Fuchs Alain H.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mixed‐Valent Selenidoantimonates(III,V) with Transition‐Metal Complexes as Counterions: Solvothermal Syntheses and Characterization of [M(dien)2]2Sb4Se9 (M: Mn, Fe), [Co(dien)2]2Sb2Se6, and [Ni(dien)2]2Sb2Se5.
Authors: Jia Dingxian , Zhang Yong , Zhao Qianxin , Deng Jie
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
(C5H14N2) [Zn3(HPO4)4], a New 3D Open‐Framework Zincophosphate Synthesized by Hydrothermal Reversible Transformation of (C5H14N2) [Zn2(HPO4)3]×H2O.
Authors: Wiebcke Michael
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Na3TbSi3O9×3H2O: A New Luminescent Microporous Terbium(III) Silicate Containing Helical Sechser Silicate Chains and 9‐Ring Channels.
Authors: Wang Guangmei , Li Jiyang , Yu Jihong , Chen Peng , Pan Qinhe , Song Hongwei , Xu Ruren
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
CsLn(Ln6CoI12)2 (Ln: Gd, Er) and (CeI)0.26(Ce6MnI9)2: Two New Structure Types Featuring Ln6Z Clusters.
Authors: Sweet Lucas E. , Hughbanks Timothy
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Reactions of Methyl 2‐(Benzyloxycarbonyl)amino‐3‐dimethylaminopropenoate and Related Compounds with Hydrazines. Regiospecific Synthesis of 1‐Substituted‐4‐amino‐substituted‐1H‐pyrazol‐5‐(2H)‐ones.
Authors: Sorsak Lucija Jukic , Sorsak Gorazd , Toplak Renata , Bevk David , Svete Jurij , Stanovnik Branko
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Radical‐Mediated Three‐Component Coupling of Alkenes.
Authors: Schaffner Arnaud Pierre , Sarkunam Kandhasamy , Renaud Philippe
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mild and Convenient Method for Reduction of Carbonyl Compounds with the NaBH4/Charcoal System in Wet THF.
Authors: Setamdideh Davood , Zeynizadeh Behzad
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Direct Electrophilic α‐Fluorination of Imines: Efficient Synthesis of Mono‐ and Difluoroimines.
Authors: Verniest Guido , Van Hende Eva , Surmont Riccardo , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amination of 1,3‐Dihalo‐2‐nitrosobenzenes.
Authors: Gornostaev L. M. , Bocharova E. A. , Geets N. V.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ionic Liquid‐Assisted Synthesis of Trinitroethyl Esters.
Authors: Sheremetev Aleksei B. , Yudin Igor L. , Suponitsky Kirill Yu.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium—Tetraphosphine as Catalyst Precursor for High‐Turnover‐Number Negishi Cross‐Coupling of Alkyl‐ or Phenylzinc Derivatives with Aryl Bromides.
Authors: Kondolff Isabelle , Doucet Henri , Santelli Maurice
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
π‐Allylic C1‐Substitution in Water with Nitromethane Using Amphiphilic Resin‐Supported Palladium Complexes.
Authors: Uozumi Yasuhiro , Suzuka Toshimasa
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Divalent Activation in Temporary Phosphate Tethers: Highly Selective Cuprate Displacement Reactions.
Authors: Whitehead Alan , McParland James P. , Hanson Paul R.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereoselective Titanium‐Mediated Aldol Reactions of (S)‐2‐tert‐Butyldimethylsilyloxy‐3‐pentanone.
Authors: Nebot Joaquim , Figueras Sergi , Romea Pedro , Urpi Felix , Ji Yining
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 3‐Isothiocyanatopropion‐ and ‐butyraldehyde Diethyl Acetals and Their Reactions with N‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Fisyuk A. S. , Mukanov A. Yu.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Generation of Cyclopropanediazonium and Its Chemical Transformations in the Presence of Phenol.
Authors: Klimenko I. P. , Korolev V. A. , Tomilov Yu. V. , Nefedov O. M.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
O‐Arylative Passerini Reactions.
Authors: El Kaim Laurent , Gizolme Marie , Grimaud Laurence
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Pd(OAc)2/DABCO‐Catalyzed Suzuki—Miyaura Cross‐Coupling Reaction in DMF.
Authors: Li Jin‐Heng , Zhu Qi‐Ming , Xie Ye‐Xiang
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Application of Quinazoline—Oxazoline‐Containing (Quinazox) Ligands.
Authors: Fekner Tomasz , Mueller‐Bunz Helge , Guiry Patrick J.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Degenerate Rearrangement of 9‐Isopropenyl‐9,10‐dimethylphenanthren‐9‐yl and 9,10‐Dimethyl‐9‐(trans‐1‐methylprop‐1‐en‐1‐yl)phenanthren‐9‐yl Cations.
Authors: Artamoshkin V. G. , Bushmelev V. A. , Genaev A. M. , Shubin V. G.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Properties of a Hexapyrenylbenzene Derivative.
Authors: Rausch Dirk , Lambert Christoph
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Optically‐Active Liquid‐Crystalline Hexa‐Adduct of [60]Fullerene which Displays Supramolecular Helical Organization.
Authors: Campidelli Stephane , Brandmueller Torsten , Hirsch Andreas , Saez Isabel M. , Goodby John W. , Deschenaux Robert
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Route to Azaspirocycles via the Organolithium‐Mediated Conversion of β‐Alkoxy Aziridines into Cyclopentenyl Amines.
Authors: Moore Stephen P. , Coote Susannah C. , O'Brien Peter , Gilday John
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An Environmentally Benign Catalytic System for Alkene Epoxidation with Hydrogen Peroxide Electrogenerated in situ.
Authors: Ho Kam‐Piu , Chan Tak Hang , Wong Kwok‐Yin
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Lipase‐Mediate Epoxidation Utilizing Urea—Hydrogen Peroxide in Ethyl Acetate.
Authors: Ankudey Emanuel G. , Olivo Horacio F. , Peeples Tonya L.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of α,β‐Unsaturated γ‐Lactones via Photooxygenation of 2,3‐Dihydrofurans Followed by Ferrous Ion Catalyzed gem‐Dehydration.
Authors: Chen Yu‐Zhe , Wu Li‐Zhu , Peng Ming‐Li , Zhang Dong , Zhang Li‐Ping , Tung Chen‐Ho
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Highly Diastereoselective Approach to Tetrahydrofurans via [3 + 2] Cycloadditions of Silylmethyl‐Substituted Cyclopropanes with Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Gupta Archana , Yadav Veejendra K.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Intramolecular Thia‐anti‐Michael Addition of a Sulfur Anion to Enones: A Regiospecific Approach to Multisubstituted Thiophene Derivatives.
Authors: Li Yan , Liang Fushun , Bi Xihe , Liu Qun
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Syntheses and Structures of Novel Heteroarene‐Fused Coplanar π‐Conjugated Chromophores.
Authors: Wong Ken‐Tsung , Chao Teng‐Chih , Chi Liang‐Chen , Chu Ying‐Ying , Balaiah Akula , Chiu Shih‐Feng , Liu Yi‐Hung , Wang Yu
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Metal‐Free Approach to the Synthesis of Indoline Derivatives by a Phenyliodine(III) Bis(trifluoroacetate)‐Mediated Amidohydroxylation Reaction.
Authors: Correa Arkaitz , Tellitu Imanol , Dominguez Esther , SanMartin Raul
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium(II)‐Catalyzed Tandem Intramolecular Aminopalladation of Alkynylanilines and Conjugate Addition for Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indole Derivatives (III).
Authors: Shen Zengming , Lu Xiyan
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 1‐Substituted 5‐Aryl‐3‐styryl‐2‐pyrazolines and 3‐Aryl‐5‐styryl‐2‐pyrazolines by the Reaction of Dibenzylideneacetones and E,E‐Cinnamylideneacetophenones with Hydrazines.
Authors: Levai Albert , Jeko Jozsef
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
2‐Aminopyrimidine‐4,6‐diol as an Efficient Ligand for Solvent‐Free Copper‐Catalyzed N‐Arylations of Imidazoles with Aryl and Heteroaryl Halides
Authors: Xie Ye‐Xiang , Pi Shao‐Feng , Wang Jian , Yin Du‐Lin , Li Jin‐Heng
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Parallel Solution‐Phase Synthesis of Substituted 2‐(1,2,4‐Triazol‐3‐yl)benzimidazoles.
Authors: Ivanova Natalya V. , Sviridov Sergey I. , Stepanov Aleksandr E.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and in vitro Antitumor Activity of Novel Series 2‐Benzylthio‐4‐chlorobenzenesulfonamide Derivatives.
Authors: Slawinski J. , Brzozowski Z.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
1,4‐Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as an Efficient Reagent for the Synthesis of Isoxazole Derivatives from Primary Nitro Compounds and Dipolarophiles: The Role of the Base.
Authors: Cecchi Luca , De Sarlo Francesco , Machetti Fabrizio
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis and Biological Activities of Some Thiazolidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Oezadali Keriman , Oezkanli Fuegen , Erol Dilek , Dogan Ali Evrim , Erol Kevser
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Developments in Pd Catalysis: Synthesis of 1H‐1,2,3‐Triazoles (II), (IV) from Sodium Azide and Alkenyl Bromides.
Authors: Barluenga Jose , Valdes Carlos , Beltran Gustavo , Escribano Maria , Aznar Fernando
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis, Antimicrobial and Antiinflammatory Activities of 1,3,4‐Oxadiazoles Linked to Naphtho[2,1‐b]furan.
Authors: Ravindra K. C. , Vagdevi H. M. , Vaidya V. P. , Padmashali Basavaraj
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Highly Functionalized Spirocyclic Pyrans.
Authors: Hobson Stephen J. , Marquez Rodolfo
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Furan Ring Opening — Isocoumarine Ring Closure: A Recyclization Reaction of 2‐Carboxyaryldifurylmethanes.
Authors: Abaev Vladimir T. , Dmitriev Artem S. , Gutnov Andrey V. , Podelyakin Sergey A. , Butin Alexander V.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Benzocoumarins: Application to the Total Synthesis of Arnottin I.
Authors: Madan Sachin , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
A Convenient One‐Pot Synthesis of 7‐Hydroxy‐isoflavones from Resorcinol with Substituted Phenylacetic Acids.
Authors: Singh Himanshu , Pratap Ram
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Spiro Thiopyrano[2,3‐d]thiazolidines.
Authors: Elgazwy Abdel‐Sattar S. Hamad , Atallah Saad R. M. , Yasinzai Masoom , Mandel Sarah M. , Bauer Jaanette A. Krause
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Benzo[c][1,8]phenanthrolin‐6‐one Through Cyclization of N‐(Isoquinol‐5‐yl)‐2‐bromo‐benzamide Derivatives.
Authors: Prado Soizic , Michel Sylvie , Tillequin Francois , Koch Michel
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Some New Pyrazoloquinazolinone and Quinazolinone Derivatives.
Authors: El‐Khamry A. A. , Shiba S. A. , Shalaby A. A. , Abd alaha A. A.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Paal—Knorr Reaction for Novel Pyrrolo[2,3‐d]pyrimidines.
Authors: Kidwai Mazaahir , Singhal Kavita , Rastogi Shweta
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cyclization of 2‐Benzoylamino‐N‐methyl‐thiobenzamides to 3‐Methyl‐2‐phenylquinazolin‐4‐thiones.
Authors: Hanusek Jiri , Rosa Pavel , Drabina Pavel , Sedlak Milos
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Access to Thiazolo[4,5‐d]pyrimidine Derivatives.
Authors: Bakavoli M. , Nikpour M. , Rahimizadeh M.
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of 1,2,3,4‐Tetrahydro‐2,4‐dioxo‐7‐ (2,4‐dialkoxyphenyl)‐5‐substituted‐phenyl‐5H‐pyrano‐[2,3‐d]‐pyrimidines (III) and 3‐(2,4‐Dialkoxyphenyl)‐5‐substituted‐phenylisoxazoles (V)
Authors: Andotra C. S. , Khajuria Jatinder , Kaur Sukhbinder
Published: February 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.