bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mortality and survival benefits in people living with human immunodeficiency virus initiated newly with Antiretroviral therapy irrespective of CD4 count
Authors: N. Diwakar T. , C. Raghavendra B. , N. Keerthi Kumar
Published: January 2020

Background: HIV is a global pandemic with estimated 37.9 million people living with HIV(PLHIV) worldwide in which 23.3 million (62%) PLHIV take antiretroviral therapy (ART). In 2018 UNAIDS estimated 7,70,000 people died from AIDS related illness globally. India has around 21,40,000 PLHIV and 69,110 AIDS-related deaths in 2017 according to NACO report. This study aims to know the mortality and survival benefits in PLHIV newly initiated on ART as per test and treat policy.Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted from June 2017 to June 2018, involving 100 ART-naïve PLHIV attending this ART Centre at Hospitals attached to BMCRI, Bangalore, India. Survival analysis was done by Kaplan Meier estimates. Spectrum of opportunistic infections and their role in cause of mortality was studied.Results: The overall survival rate was 92% at 6 months and 91% at one year after ART initiation. The mortality rate at the end of one year was 9%, out of which Pulmonary Tuberculosis is the most common cause of mortality. There was a significant increase in the CD4 count during follow up, the mean increase in the CD4 T-cell count at the end of 6 months and 12 months was 157 cells and 286 cells per cubic millimeter respectively above the baseline value.Conclusions: In this study early initiation of ART is found to be beneficial in clinical and immunological recovery with increase in CD4 counts and reduction in opportunistic infections in PLHIV. Pulmonary Tuberculosis remains the grave risk factor for mortality among PLHIV/AIDS patients on ART.
Assessment of hemoglobin status among cancer patients: a hospital based study
Authors: Sharma Munish Kumar , Gour Neeraj , Choudhary Sanjay , Pandey Awadhesh , Chaudhary Meenakshi , Srivastava Dhiraj
Published: January 2020

Background: Cancer related anemia (CRA) is a major healthcare issue among patients suffering with cancer. In the Indian context, these figures are likely to be higher due to the prevailing malnutrition and low socio-economic status in the general population. This observational hospital-based study has been conducted among cancer patients with following objectives to assess the socio demographic profile of different cancer patients admitted at hospital. To measure hemoglobin level among different cancer patients admitted at hospital on the basis of socio demographic profile and type of cancer.Methods: The registers maintained in the department of Radiotherapy were checked and those belonging to the year 2011-12 were used to process and analyse the cancer patient’s data in respect to age, type of cancer, hemoglobin level admitted in health care facility.Results: By far distribution of Hb level is concerned among all cancer patients, 87.56% patients were having Hb level more than 9 gm% and around 12.43 % patients were having Hb level less than 9 gm%. Majority of patients whose Hb level was less than 9gm% were belonging to age group more than 45 years.Conclusions: It is very much evident that anemia among cancer patients is a major healthcare problem and surely adds into morbidity and mortality of cancer patients. It may further aggravate the health condition of cancer patients if not corrected timely. Therefore, anemia among cancer patients should be taken and treated very seriously.
Study of pulmonary hypertension as a complication of sickle cell disease
Authors: Bakhtar Vijay , Bakhtar Niyati , Bakhtar Nikhil , Pandey Kirit
Published: January 2020

Background: Sickle cell anaemia is the most common inherited hematological abnormality across human race, particularly prevalent in pockets of central India and pulmonary hypertension (PH) supposedly worsens prognosis. Data from central India is lacking though. Present study aims to study incidence of pulmonary hypertension as a complication in patients of sickle cell disease.Methods: Patients aged more than 12 years diagnosed to have sickle cell anaemia on hemoglobin electrophoresis during the study period (total- 94; 54 SS and 40 AS) were enrolled as cases. Sixty four age/sex matched healthy close relatives of the cases with ‘AA’ Hb electrophoresis pattern doubled up as controls. Participants were thoroughly assessed with complete history, examination, haematological and biochemical tests, X-ray chest, ECG, pulmonary function tests and 2D-echocardiography and Doppler studies and data analysed.Results: Pulmonary hypertension was observed in a total of five SS cases (5/54, 9.26%). No participant from the AS group or the control group developed pulmonary hypertension. It was more common in females (3/23, 13%) than males (2/26, 7.7%). The mean age of the SS cases with PH (32±5.15 years) was found to be significantly higher than that of the SS cases without PH (24.2±6.21 years) (p<0.01).Conclusions: The incidence of PH in sickle cell disease was relatively lower as compared to western countries and was found to affect females and older individuals more. Larger community-based studies are recommended for corroboration.
Response of bisphosphonate therapy in recurrent tumoral calcinosis
Authors: Shrivastav Manish , Kharkwal Nihit , Tiwari Alankar , Gupta Keshav Kumar
Published: January 2020

Tumoral calcinosis is a rare condition characterized by solitary or multiple, periarticular masses. Surgical excision of the tumoral calcinosis lesion is a well-documented treatment, but recurrences are not uncommon. A case of 42 year old male patient of tumoral calcinosis presented to us with history of repeated surgical excision twice in past 8 years for recurrent swellings. He was started on IV zoledronic acid and the patient has shown improvement after two years with no recurrence in follow up.
A rare case of polydactyly with multiple defects
Authors: Kumar Sanjeev , Bansal Pradeep Kumar , Ishran Rohit , Kasana Rajendra
Published: January 2020

Bardet-Biedl Syndrome (BBS) is a very rare genetically heterogenous disorder. Here is a case of 27 yr. old obese male presented with acute gastroenteritis with shock in our department. He had polydactyly in both upper limb and left lower limb, blindness since childhood, with difficult in learning and delayed onset of milestones. Patient’s sibling (younger brother 20-year-old) also had same problems since childhood and one female baby died within few days of birth. He was having single testis. Patient was managed conservatively. The available literature on this syndrome was reviewed.
Effects of calf thymus extract and L-carnitine on immunity and growth performance of broiler chickens
Authors: Soliman Mohamed A. , Gendy Hanem El , Hanbally Saber El
Published: January 2020

Background: Increasing the bird’s wealth and increasing the growth rate are among the goals of increasing the animal wealth so; we studied the effects of L-carnitine and calf thymus extract on growth performance and immunity in broiler chickens.

Methods: Eighty broiler chicks were divided into four groups, each group included twenty chicks. Group 1, was negative control with no treatment of feed or water. Group 2, the regular drinking water was replaced by L-carnitine-infused water (1 gram per liter). Group 3, the regular drinking water was replaced by calf thymus extract- infused water (1 ml per liter). Group 4, the regular drinking water was replaced by both L-carnitine and calf thymus extract- infused water. This treatment was administered from day 1 to day 30 of the cycle. Body weight, feed intake and feed conversion were assessed. The hemogram, leuckogram, total protein, globulin, albumin, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index and interleukin 2 were measured.  

Results: The hemogram and leuckogram parameters recorded a significant increase in treated groups compared to non treated group. The final body weight for all treatments was nearly the same, but slightly higher with application of L-carnitine. Phagocytic activity, index, TP, globulin and IL2 were significantly increased in treated groups.

Conclusions: Both L-carnitine and thymus extract have significantly improved the general health condition, in addition, calf thymus extract improved not only the general body condition but also act has immunomodulatory effect which require more further studies.
An evaluation of fixed dose combinations and it’s practices at medicine department of tertiary care hospital, Nepal
Authors: Shrestha Rajeev , Gurung Sushmita
Published: January 2020

Background: A large proportion of fixed dose combinations (FDCs) are manufactured and used widely in Nepal. This study aimed to evaluate the FDCs and its utilization in medicine department of tertiary care hospital.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted for 50 days among admitted patients in the medicine department of tertiary care hospital, Nepal. A predesigned form was used to collect the data at the time of patient discharge. Only the oral FDCs were selected for study. Microsoft Excel 2007 was used for statistical analysis and data were presented as number and percentage in tabulated and figure forms.  

Results: Oral FDCs were used in 27.08% of admitted patients. A total of 295 FDCs were prescribed in 208 patients with 44 FDC items in 58 different brand names. Categorically, the most commonly used FDCs were of analgesics (34.24%) followed by antibiotics (25.76%) and vitamin supplements (22.71%). The 27.27% of FDCs prescribed contain more than two active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) up to nine and the highest number of APIs were found in vitamin supplements. All FDCs were prescribed in the brand names. The very few 2.27% and 4.55% of FDCs were prescribed from the essential medicine list of Nepal and world health organization, respectively.

Conclusions: The use of FDCs listed in essential medicine list was very poor. Similarly, generic prescribing was also zero. The regulatory body must study the rationality of FDC before production, marketing, importing, and utilization in hospital.
High resolution temporal bone computerized tomography in paediatric sensorineural hearing loss prior to cochlear implantation
Authors: Rafiq Suhail , Shafi Fahad , Mohiuddin Ajaz , Dar Sajjad A.
Published: January 2020

Background: Congenital sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) is one of the most common birth defects with incidence of approximately 1:1000 live births. Imaging plays an important role in the work up of cochlear implant candidates not only to identify inner ear congenital and acquired abnormalities or cochlear nerve anomalies but also to detect temporal bone abnormalities or variations that may alter surgical approach. Preoperative evaluation of cochleovestibular anatomy is an important component of the cochlear implant evaluation. The objective of the study was high resolution computerized tomography (HRCT) assessment of congenital ear anomalies before cochlear implantation.

Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radio diagnosis and Imaging, GMC, Srinagar. 24 children in the age group of 1 to 12 years with unidentiﬁed causes of bilateral SNHL were subjected to HRCT over a period of 7 months from January to July 2019.  

Results: Eighteen patients had normal radiological scans and 6 had congenital anomalies. We had one each case of common cavity, bilateral labrynthine aplasia, incomplete partition type 1, Mondini’s deformity with dilated vestibular duct, Internal auditory canal stenosis and bilateral large vestibular aqueduct. Out of 18 patients without congenital anomaly, two had Korner’s septum and giant jugular bulb which were important for operating surgeon.

Conclusions: HRCT temporal bone is superior at identifying the bony labyrinth, including enlarged vestibular aqueduct and caliber of internal auditory canal. HRCT temporal bone should be supplemented by magnetic resonance imaging especially for cochlear nerve assessment. It is the initial imaging modality of choice for assessment of congenital SNHL. 
Hearing assessment in patients with tympanosclerosis with intact tympanic membrane
Authors: Bandadka Ramya , Tarannum Afshan , Dhanapala Narasaiah
Published: January 2020

Background: Tympanosclerosis is an irreversible, though not immutable, end result of any unresolved specific or nonspecific inflammatory disease of middle ear characterized by anatomical distortion resulting in functional impairment. The objective of the study was to assess hearing in patients with tympanosclerosis with intact tympanic membrane (TM) and to correlate degree of hearing loss with respect to site of tympanosclerotic patch on TM.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore during study period from November 2016 to May 2018. Thirty patients enrolled for study were subjected to otoendoscopy, pure tone audiometry and tympanometry. Site of tympanosclerotic patch on tympanic membrane and hearing loss were assessed and correlated statistically.  

Results: Thirty patients (13-males, 17-females), aged 6–73 years (average-39.5 years) who fulfilled inclusion criteria were included. 7 (23.3%) patients had bilaterally affected ears amounting to 37 tympanosclerotic ears. left ear was commonly affected 14 (46.6%). In most patients, tympanosclerosis of tympanic membrane was an incidental finding with patients being otologically asymptomatic. The locations of tympanosclerotic patch on TM were 9 (24.4%) postero-superior, 7 (18.9%) postero-superior and postero-inferior, 7 (18.9%) antero-inferior, 5 (13.5%) postero-inferior, 3 (8.1%) antero-superior, 3 (8.1%) antero-superior and antero-inferior, 2 (5.4%) antero-inferior and postero-inferior and 1 (2.7%) entire pars tensa. Hearing level ranged from 10-46.6 dBHL (normal to moderate) with majority (91.89%) of patients had hearing within 25 dBHL. 43.3% had conductive hearing loss, 2.7% had sensorineural hearing loss and rest had normal hearing. Correlation of site of tympanosclerotic patch on TM with degree of hearing loss was not statistically significant (p=0.058).

Conclusions: Variations in the site of tympanosclerotic patch on TM do not affect degree of hearing loss.
Primary nasal rhinosporidiosis - a ten year multicentre experience: what we know?
Authors: Rajendran S. , Ashok S. Shanmuga , Ramkumar Thalapathy
Published: January 2020

Background: Rhinosporidiosis is a disease caused by Rhinosporidium seeberi that affects the mucous membranes primarily. Nose is the commonest organ to be involved. The authors of this paper with more than ten years of experience across various institutions in Tamil Nadu have analysed their cases and have found out that posterior lip of valve of hasner in the inferior meatus to be the site of attachment in primary nasal rhinosporidiosis irrespective of the endemicity of the region.

Methods: This is a prospective study of seventy eight cases of primary rhinosporidiosis over a period of ten years (February 2009 to December 2019). Recurrent cases, those who did not come for follow up and who were operated under local anesthesia were not included in this study. All the patients (45) were subjected to endoscopic surgery for excision of the rhinosporidiosis under general anesthesia after informed written consent and sent for histopathological examination.  

Results: Most common age group being 25 to 50 years with male preponderance and the common site of occurrence is the posterior lip of valve of Hasner in the inferior meatus with seasonal variation with O+ve blood group preponderance. Most common clinical presentation is unilateral nasal obstruction.

Conclusions: Rhinospordiosis is hyperendemic in Tiruvarur and Thiruvannamalai. The posterior lip of valve of hasner is the commonest site of attachment. Correct identification of the site of attachment and surgical excision with cauterisation prevents its recurrence.
Cervical melioidosis: an infrequent cause of neck abscess
Authors: Binti Azwan Nurul Alya , Shanmugam Ram Kumar Sharma , Teng Kong Yin
Published: January 2020

Melioidosis remains as one of the rare infectious disease with high mortality and morbidity rate. It is caused by the gram-negative bacilli Burkholderia pseudomallei found in soil and water. We would like to share our experience of four case series that had been collected in Bintulu Hospital, Sarawak over a period of eight months starting from June 2018- January 2019. A total of four patients presented with neck abscess where the pus culture and sensitivity show B. pseudomallei but the blood culture and sensitivity show no culture or growth.
A nearly missed foreign body in frontal sinus: case report
Authors: Azwan Nurul Alya Binti , Shanmugam Ram Kumar Sharma , Teng Kong Yin
Published: January 2020

Foreign body in paranasal sinus is rare. Very few cases have been reported of lodgement of foreign body in paranasal sinuses. Garces and Norris reported that 70% of these foreign bodies usually appeared after maxillofacial traumas and 30% appeared during or after dental procedures of maxilla. Foreign bodies are less common in the frontal sinus as compared to maxillary sinus. This is a case of foreign body in frontal sinus in an eighteen-year-old gentleman after a road traffic accident.
Bilateral Karapandzic flap: a work horse for carcinoma of lower lip
Authors: Narayana Mada Lakshmi , D. Pramod , T. Lavanya , Viswambharan Vivek , Gaur Urvashi
Published: January 2020

The lips are major aesthetic components of the face, which are also necessary for facial expression, speech, and eating. In oncological resections, the main goal in lip reconstruction is achieving oral competence than speech and facial expressions. Malignant lesions involving lip warrant a wide excision to ensure a disease-free margin, which usually results in large defects. Defects up to 1/3rd of lips are closed primarily. Defects measuring 1/3rd to 2/3rd of the lower lip may be closed with Karapandzic, Abbe or Estlander flaps. A 45-year-old male presented with an exophytic lesion in the lower lip involving the facial skin with bilateral level 1b cervical lymphadenopathy. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan showed heterogeneous irregular lesion over the lower lip with bilateral enlarged necrotic level 1b cervical lymphadenopathy. Biopsy from the lesion was suggestive of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma. Wide local excision with left modified radical neck dissection and right supraomohyoid neck dissection was done. The central lower lip defect was reconstructed with bilateral Karapandzic flap. The postoperative period was uneventful, although the patient had microstomia. The patient was advised adjuvant radiotherapy based on histopathology and was in regular follow up.
Diseño y Simulación de un Deshidratador Mixto Indirecto de Frutas/Design and simulation of an Indirect Mixed Fruit Dehydrator
Authors: Mendoza J. , Insuasti R. , Barrera O. , Navarro M.
Published: January 2020

En el presente estudio se determinaron las características del diseño para un Deshidratador Mixto Indirecto (DMI) con una capacidad de 50 kg. Este deshidratador está constituido por el colector solar, placa de absorción, cubierta, ducto de succión, ventilador, resistencias eléctricas, zona de secado y ducto de aireación. Los elementos fueron diseñados mediante el programa SolidWorks, que permitió la simulación mecánica y termodinámica del proceso de secado, mediante el cual se pudieron determinar las características de los elementos del equipo. Se calculó que la temperatura óptima para la deshidratación de las frutas está entre los 40 y 70 ∘C. El calor específico del compartimiento de secado fue uniforme, con un valor de 2860,8 J/(kg.K); con la ayuda del ventilador se logró homogenizar el flujo del aire a la temperatura de deshidratación: a 50∘C fue homogénea en la zona de secado. Los resultados obtenidos en la simulación vaticinan un correcto funcionamiento del equipo.
The present study determined the design characteristics for an Indirect Mixed Dehydrator (IMD) with a capacity of 50 kg. The solar collector, absorption plate, cover, suction duct, fan, electric resistances, drying zone and aeration duct constitute this dehydrator. The elements were designed trough the SolidWorks program, which allowed the mechanical and thermodynamic simulation of the drying process; by which it was possible to determine the elements' characteristics of the equipment. The optimum temperature for the dehydration of fruits was between 40 and 70 ∘C. The specific heat of the drying compartment was uniform and has a value of 2860.8 J / (kg K), with the help of the fan it is possible to homogenize the air flow at the dehydration temperature: at 50 ∘C it was homogeneous in the drying zone. The results obtained in the simulation guarantee the correct functioning of the equipment.
Palabras Clave: Deshidratador Mixto Indirecto, Deshidratador de Frutas, simulación mecánica y termodinámica.
Keywords: Indirect Mixed Dehydrator, Fruit Dehydrator, mechanical and thermodynamics simulation
Actividad Inhibitoria De La Hialuronidasa Del Extracto Hidroalcohólico De Piper Peltatum/Hyaluronidase Inhibitor Activity in Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Piper Peltatum
Authors: Pilco G , Vinueza D , Acosta K , Torres A
Published: January 2020

Ecuador se ubica en una zona geográfica privilegiada, presenta zonas climáticas bien definidas con características ambientales y geográficas únicas. Estas particularidades hacen que cada región posea sus propios ecosistemas, existiendo así muchas especies vegetales y animales sin investigar. La población hace uso de estos recursos para tratar diversas dolencias como por ejemplo, Piper peltatum utilizada en caso de mordedura de serpiente. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar si los extractos de esta especie presentaban efectos inhibitorios sobre la hialuronidasa, para lo cual se identificó los metabolitos secundarios presentes mediante el tamizaje fitoquímico, se cuantificó la cantidad de fenoles y flavonoides totales a través de métodos espectrofotométricos y se determinó el porcentaje de inhibición tanto sobre la hialuronidasa bovina como la hialuronidasa presente en el veneno de Naja naja atra y Botrox atrox. Se identificó en P. peltatum alcaloides con potencial actividad antimitótica, cumarinas, terpenos, compuestos fenólicos y flavonoides. La cantidad de fenoles totales fue de 14,49±1,2 mg equivalente de ácido gálico/g extracto seco y 14,53±0,208 mg equivalente de Quercetina/g extracto seco de flavonoides. Respecto a la actividad inhibitoria se concluyó que existe mayor inhibición sobre la hialuronidasa bovina, seguida del veneno de Naja naja atra y no de manera significativa sobre B. atrox.
Ecuador is located in a privileged geographical area, it has strongly defined climatic zones with unique environmental and geographical characteristics. These particularities mean that each region has its own ecosystems, so many plant and animal species exist without investigating. The population makes use of these resources to treat various ailments such as Piper peltatum used in case of snakebite. The objective of the study was to determine if extracts of this species has inhibitory effects on hyaluronidase. The secondary metabolites present were identified by phytochemical screening, the amount of phenols and total flavonoids was quantified by spectrophotometric methods, as well as the determination of the inhibition of bovine, Naja naja atra venom and Botrox atrox hyaluronidase. P. peltatum contains alkaloids with potential antimitotic activity, coumarins, terpenes, phenolic compounds and flavonoids. The amount of total phenols was 14.49 ± 1.2 mg gallic acid equivalent / g dry extract and 14.53 ± 0.208 mg Quercetin equivalent /g dry flavonoid extract. Regarding the inhibitory activity, it was concluded that there is greater inhibition on bovine hyaluronidase, followed by Naja naja atra venom and not significantly on B. atrox.
Palabras claves: Piper peltatum, hialuronidasa, Naja naja atra, Extracto, Bothrops atrox.
Keywords: Piper peltatum, hialuronidase, Naja naja atra, extract, Bothrops atrox.
Derechos Sociales En Ecuador: Hacia Una Nueva Concepción En Su Tutela/Social Rights In Ecuador: New Concepción In Protección
Authors: Mancero P
Published: January 2020

La evolución de los derechos humanos y una característica importante de aquellos, en el sentido de que se encuentran en constante dinámica y movimiento, inacabados y en progresivo aparecimiento son elementos fundamentales para entender el planteamiento de una nueva visión de tutela de los denominados derechos sociales. Efectivamente los primeros derechos que fueron reconocidos como intrínsecos del ser humanos fueron los llamados Civiles y Políticos, que irrumpieron con la denominación de derechos de primera generación especialmente en la concepción europea, a los cuales en una primera fase de la evolución se los considero como las libertades públicas propiamente dichas, a ser protegidas y garantizadas por el Estado inclusive mediante acciones ante la Función Judicial. Posteriormente la realidad de la vida de los individuos en la sociedad, sus profundas injusticias materiales en cuando al goce y disfrute del trabajo, la educación, la salud, vivienda, alimentación, etc, ocasionaron que no solo la vida, libertad física, de pensamiento, opinión y otros deben ser garantizados, sino también otro aspectos de la vida material del ser humano de cuya realización depende en gran parte la dignidad de sus existencia. En este contexto es necesario plantear una nueva visión para la tutela de los denominados derechos sociales, para que sean considerados justiciables y de igual jerarquía en la práctica que los civiles y políticos, otorgándole los mismos mecanismos judiciales de protección.
The evolution of human rights and an important characteristic of those, in the sense that they are in constant movement and dynamics, unfinished and in progressive appearance are fundamental elements to understand the approach of a new vision of protection of the so-called social rights. Indeed, the first rights that were recognized as intrinsic to human beings were the so-called Civil and Political, which broke with the denomination of first generation rights especially in the European conception, which in a first phase of evolution are considered as public liberties themselves, to be protected and guaranteed by the State, including through actions before the Judicial Branch. Subsequently the reality of the life of individuals in society, their profound material injustices in the enjoyment and enjoyment of work, education, health, housing, food, etc, caused that not only life, physical freedom, thinking, opinion and others must be guaranteed but also other aspects of the material life of the human being on whose realization the dignity of their existence depends to a large extent. In this context it is necessary to propose a new vision for the protection of the so-called social rights, so that they are considered justiciable and of equal hierarchy in practice than civil and political ones, granting them the same judicial protection mechanisms.
Palabras clave: Tutela, Derechos Sociales, eficacia, rompimiento.
Keywords: guardianship, Human rights, effectiveness, breach.
Causas de la economía informal en el cantón Riobamba, 2018/Causes of the informal economy in the canton Riobamba, 2018
Authors: Maribel Vallejo Chávez Luz , Amelia Samaniego Erazo Carmen , Volter Buenaño Pesántez Carlos , Del Rocío Morocho Yaucán Janneth
Published: January 2020

La presente investigación explica las causas que generan la economía informal en el cantón Riobamba, debido al incremento de este sector económico en el espacio geográfico de estudio. El objetivo de la investigación es explicar las causas que conllevan al incremento de este sector en la economía informal puesto que debe ser una preocupación de las autoridades locales. El desarrollo de la investigación se sustenta en el Enfoque Cuantitativo, en el nivel Explicativo, en los tipos observacional, retrospectivo y longitudinal, el método es inductivo, la técnica, fue un cuestionario estructurado y la muestra fue aplicada a 367 individuos por conveniencia de los investigadores. Los resultados de la investigación identifican como causas del incremento de la Economía Informal en el cantón, las siguientes: la carga impositiva en el cumplimiento de las regulaciones legales, sanitarias y laborales, los permisos municipales exigidos, las restricciones en el mercado laboral, la inmigración interna y externa. Es menester dejar indicado que el presente artículo, se presenta en el contexto del Proyecto denominado Desarrollo Emprendedor para la economía informal del cantón Riobamba.
The present investigation explains the causes that generate the informal economy in the canton Riobamba, due to the increase of this economic sector in the geographical space of study. The objective of the investigation is to explain the causes that lead to the increase of this sector in the informal economy since it must be a concern of the local authorities. The development of the research is based on the Quantitative Approach, on the Explanatory level, on the observational, retrospective and longitudinal types, the method is inductive, the technique was a structured questionnaire and the sample was applied to 367 individuals for the convenience of the researchers The results of the investigation identify as causes of the increase of the Informal Economy in the canton, the following: the tax burden in compliance with legal, health and labor regulations, the required municipal permits, restrictions in the labor market, immigration internal and external. It is necessary to indicate that this article is presented in the context of the Project called Entrepreneurial Development for the informal economy of the Riobamba canton.
Palabras clave: economía informal, carga impositiva, regulaciones legales.
Keywords: informal economy, tax burden, legal regulations.
Evaluación de la migración de bromuro de cetilpiridinio desde nanocompósitos activos hacia un simulante graso de alimentos/Cetylpyridinium bromide migration assessment from active nanocomposites to a fatty food simulant
Authors: Muñoz-Shugulí C. , Rodríguez F.J. , Muñoz E. , Galotto M.J.
Published: January 2020

En los últimos años, el desarrollo de nanocompósitos poliméricos se plantea como una interesante alternativa para el diseño de nuevos materiales para el envasado activo de alimentos. A pesar de esto, existe constante preocupación relacionada a la migración de los componentes activos incorporados en el material ya que, un material de envasado destinado a entrar en contacto con un alimento debe presentar valores de migración bajo los límites establecidos en regulaciones internacionales. En este sentido, el objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar la migración del surfactante bromuro de cetilpiridinio (CPB) desde nanocompósitos activos de polietileno de baja densidad y montmorillonita modificada con CPB, hacia un simulante graso de alimentos (etanol 95 %). El seguimiento de la migración del componente se realizó a través de la medición de la conductividad eléctrica del simulante en contacto con los nanocompósitos. Se determinó que la presencia del 3,0 % de organoarcilla permite una mayor migración del CPB debido a la presencia del surfactante libre en la matriz y al hinchamiento de la organoarcilla superficial por hidratación. Además, se observó que la migración es prolongada en el tiempo y está por debajo de los límites permitidos por la legislación estadounidense, lo que permitiría la generación de materiales novedosos que podrían ser empleados en el diseño de envases activos de alimentos.
In the last years, the development of polymeric nanocomposites is presented as an interesting alternative for the design of new materials for active food packaging. Despite this, there are concerns regarding the migration of the components incorporated in the material since a packaging material intended to come into contact with food must have migration values under the limits established in international regulations. In this sense, the aim in this work was to evaluate the migration of the surfactant cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) from active nanocomposites of low density polyethylene and motmorillonite modified with CPB to a fatty food simulant (ethanol 95 %). The migration of the component was followed by fat simulant electrical conductivity measurements during the contact with the nanocomposites. It was determined that materials with 3,0 % of organoclay allowed a higher migration of CPB due to the presence of free surfactant in the matrix and swelling of the superficial organoclay. In addition, it was observed that the migration is prolonged in time and it is below the limits allowed by US legislation, which would enable the generation of novel materials that could be used in the design of active food packaging.
Palabras clave: surfactante, conductividad eléctrica, polietileno de baja densidad, organoarcilla, envase activo de alimentos.
Keywords: surfactant, electrical conductivity, low density polyethylene, organoclay, food active packaging.
THE RELATIONS AMONG FIRM CHARACTERISTIC, CAPITAL INTENSITY, INSTITUTIONAL OWNERSHIP, AND TAX AVOIDANCE: SOME EVIDENCE FROM INDONESIA
Authors: Eka Putra Wirmie , Yuliusman  , Firsta Wisra Raeza
Published: January 2020

Purpose of the study: This study is to determine the effect of profitability, leverage, company size, capital intensity, and institutional ownership simultaneously and partially on tax avoidance in Indonesia.

Methodology: This study uses a quantitative approach to the type of descriptive research. The population of this research is property, real estate, and building constructs companies from 2013 - 2017, as many as 63 companies, which listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). While the samples in this study were 31 companies. The data analysis method used is multiple linear regression analysis.

Principal Findings: Profitability, leverage, company size, and institutional ownership partially influencing tax avoidance. However, the intensity of capital partly does not affect tax avoidance.

Applications of this study: This study suggests that the government makes several efforts to intervene to increase tax literacy on companies, the public, and expand access to higher education, as well as improve the quality of the democratization process to enhance tax compliance in Indonesia.

Novelty/Originality of this study: This research brings new evidence on the relationship between profitability, leverage, company size, and institutional ownership on tax avoidance in Indonesia.
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES IN MEDIATING THE EFFECT OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT ON BUSINESS PERFORMANCE
Authors: Soetjipto Noer , Ermayanti Susilo Dwi , Riswanto Ari
Published: January 2020

Purpose of the study: The study aims to determine the effect of variable mediation in this case the Supply Chain Strategic (SCS), on the influence of Knowledge Management (KM) on Business Performance (BP).

Methodology: The method used in this research is using quantitative descriptive studies using a simple dissertation approach and linear regression analysis with SPSS and Amos version 23, starting from the measurement of Confirmatory.

Main Findings: The main finding of this study is that the mediation variable, in this case, the Supply Chain Strategy (SCS) can mediate the effect of Knowledge Management on Business Performance carried out in the Small and Medium Enterprises (UKM) sector in Java Island, Indonesia in 2019.

Applications of this study: The implications of this study indicate that SCS has an important role in the development of future business, especially in Small and Micro Enterprises (SMEs).

Novelty/Originality of this study: SCS is used to mediate the effect of KM on BP on SMEs, and this is one of the Novelties in this study.
Implementação de serviços institucionais de administração de dados | Implementation of Institutional Data Stewardship Services
Authors: Marín-Arraiza Paloma , Vidotti Silvana
Published: January 2020

RESUMO As tarefas de gestão de dados de pesquisa ao longo do processo de pesquisa têm se tornado muito importantes devido à alta produção de dados e à exigência da sua preservação. Tanto bibliotecas quanto seções de apoio à pesquisa de diversas instituições de ensino e pesquisa têm começado a implementar serviços para a gestão de dados e a profissionalização desta gestão. Com um caráter qualitativo, e após um levantamento bibliográfico em bases de dados abertas, contextualiza-se a gestão de dados de pesquisa, analisam-se os perfis profissionais e determinam-se três fases para a implementação institucional destes serviços: elaboração de uma política, estabelecimento de uma unidade de informação e integração de profissionais da gestão de dados.Palavras-chave: Administração de Dados; Dados de Pesquisa; Gestão de Dados de Pesquisa; Política de Dados; Serviços Institucionais.   ABSTRACT The tasks of managing research data throughout the research process have become very important due to the high production of data and the requirement for its preservation. Both libraries and research support sections of various research institutions have started to implement services for data management and the professionalization of this management. With a qualitative character, and after a bibliographic search in open databases, research data management is contextualized, professional profiles are analyzed, and three phases are determined for the institutional implementation of these services: the elaboration of a policy, the establishment of an information unit and the integration of data management professionals.Keywords: Data Stewardship; Research Data; Research Data Management; Data Policy; Institutional Services.
BARON D´HOLBAH – KA NAUČNOM (ATEISTIČKOM) OBRAZOVANJU
Authors: Spevak Zoroslav
Published: January 2020

U radu autor analizira Holbahovu sveobuhvatnu kritiku hrišćanske ideologijei mehanizama njenog intergeneracijskog transfera, prvenstveno kada je reč o indoktrinacijimale dece. Autor je imao za cilj da identifikuje i interpretira one Holbahovestavove, koji mogu i u savremenosti da pruže produktivne podsticaje za zasnivanjeracionalnog, modernog, na naučnom saznanju i prirodnom moralu zasnovanog vaspitanjai obrazovanja.
VRŠNJAČKI ODNOSI NA PREDŠKOLSKOM UZRASTU I USLOVI PODSTICANJA POZITIVNE VRŠNJAČKE INTERAKCIJE
Authors: Pavlović Aleksandra
Published: January 2020

Dete doživljava svet kroz odnose koje uspostavlja i razvija. Odnosi sa bliskimodraslim osobama i odnosi sa vršnjacima određuju njegov razvoj i učenje u ranom detinjstvu.Vršnjačka interakcija je od suštinskog značaja za aktuelno i buduće psihosocijalnoprilagođavanje. Vršnjaci pomažu detetu da savlada nove društvene veštine ida se upozna sa socijalnim normama i procesima uključivanja u međuljudske odnose.Ova tema je od posebnog interesa danas kada je sve veći broj dece izložen vršnjacimajoš mnogo pre školskog uzrasta, kroz vrtiće. Međutim, sama činjenica da deca velikideo vremena provode zajedno ne znači i da će razviti veštine pozitivne interakcije. Utom kontekstu značajna uloga pridaje se odrasloj osobi tj. vaspitaču. Uloga vaspitačaje da kroz kreiranje fizičkog i socijalnog okruženja, koristeći različite strategije, kao isopstveni primer, podstiče pozitivnu vršnjačku interakciju.
Cenários prospectivos
Authors: Casimiro Adelaide Helena Targino , Araújo Wagner Junqueira
Published: January 2020

O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar nas bases Emerald, Lisa, Scopus e Web of Science os documentos que discorrem sobre o tema “cenários prospectivos” e caracterizá-los quanto às palavras-chave, periódicos e autorias. A importância da aplicação de técnicas de prospecção de cenários para identificação de informações estratégicas e para a definição de prioridades das organizações é uma constante nos últimos anos, pois a tomada de decisão é uma atividade complexa, destas dependem a sobrevivência das organizações em um ambiente competitivo. Esta pesquisa é por natureza aplicada, utiliza fontes bibliográficas e bibliometria como auxílio na meta-análise dos resultados. Quanto a abordagem é quali-quantitativa e tem objetivos exploratórios e descritivos. Para coleta e organização de dados foi utilizada a revisão sistemática com base na PRISMA, com temporalidade definida entre 2009-2019. Teve por resultado 64 textos pertinentes, reunidos em oito subtemáticas, indexadas por 208 palavras-chaves, com 229 autores provenientes de 26 países distintos. As subtemáticas convergem para o conceito de cenários prospectivos e agregam pluridisciplinaridade para o método. Os resultados indicam que os textos identificados podem ser utilizados como referência por empresas e/ou organizações de Estado, desde que com as devidas adaptações às realidades encontradas.
Determination of Treatment Policy for Acute Surgical Disease of the Abdominal Cavity and Retroperitoneal Space in Patients with Late-Stage HIV Infection According to Multislice Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Data
Authors: Klimova N. V. , Gaus A. A. , Darvin V. V. , Il'ina U. B.
Published: January 2020

Objective: to determine treatment policy for an acute surgical disease in patients with late-stage HIV infection diagnosed using the data of the highly informative imaging techniques multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Material and methods. In 2008 and 2016, the authors examined 425 patients (320 men and 105 women) with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who were treated at the surgical units of the Surgut Regional Clinical Hospital, by using the data of MSCT (Toshiba Aquilion 64, Japan) and MRI (Siemens 1,5T Magnetom Essenza, Germany) in identifying both local surgical and general mixed diseases.

Results. Analysis of acute surgical diseases of the abdominal cavity and retroperitoneal space in patients with late-stage HIV infection determined that the treatment policy in this category of patients depended on clinical diagnostic data.

Conclusions. 1. MSCT and MRI are highly informative techniques in diagnosing acute surgical diseases in patients with late-stage HIV infection. 2. The course of an acute surgical disease in patients with late-stage HIV infection in the presence of generalized opportunistic infection makes it preferable to perform minimally invasive surgical interventions.
Predicting the Success of Emergency Surgical Treatment of Acute Massive Pulmonary Embolism Based on the Results of Multislice Computed Tomography
Authors: Trofimova T. N. , Sukhova M. B.
Published: January 2020

Objective – to assess the informativeness of multisclice computed tomography (MSCT) angiopulmonography in the assessment of peripheral blood flow and to determine the prognostic role of angiographic massiveness and volume of preserved peripheral blood flow as predictors of success of emergency surgical treatment of acute massive pulmonary embolism (PE).

Material and methods. The article presents the results of 7-year work for the period from March 2012 to September 2019, which included a pilot retrospective stage (analysis of the results of 264 MSCT procedures with contrast enhancement for acute PE in patients aged 32 to 69 years for the period 2012–2013) and prognostic practical work (the second stage, analysis of the results of 974 MSCT procedures with contrast enhancement in patients aged 25 to 78 years for the period 2013–2019).

Results. The obtained results and statistical dependences proved the influence of the saved volume of peripheral arterial pulmonary blood flow on the outcome of surgical treatment. The use of this indicator as an MSCT predictor reduced the hospital mortality rate from 7.2% to 3.5%. The analysis of the influence of the initial angiographic massiveness of PE on the outcome of surgical treatment has not been confirmed.

Conclusion. According to the results of the study, we recommend the inclusion of segmental arterial pulmonary blood flow analysis by MSCT with contrast enhancement in the algorithm of preoperative examination of patients with acute massive pulmonary embolism in case of emergency surgical treatment.
Influence of Contact Time on Loading 99Mo(n,γ) with Alumina Column in 99Mo / 99mTc Generator
Authors: Sulaiman Sulaiman , Sugiharto Yono , Setiawan Gatot , Chairuman Chairuman , H.G. Adang
Published: January 2020

Alumina is usually used for 99Mo absorbers obtained from 235U fission product because the use of 235U is getting limited, and as an alternative 99Mo obtained from natural MoO3 irradiation was used. The problem is that 99Mo produced was not carrier-free as 99Mo from 235U fission product because not all MoO3 is activated to 99Mo, then it is necessary to know the effect of contact time when loading 99Mo into the alumina column. To find out the effect of contact time, the experiment was carried out using 99Mo pH 4, acid alumina column, contact time was varied between 1 to 60 minutes with interval of 15 minutes, and the column was eluted using 2 kinds of eluent namely 0.9% NaCl and MEK. The elution of 99Mo/99mTc generator is performed 3 times, days 1, 2 and 3. The results showed that the performance of alumina in absorbing 99Mo influenced by time. The optimal contact time is 15 minutes for 0.9% NaCl solution and 45 minutes for MEK. The amount of 99Mo breakthrough (µCi99Mo/mCi99mTc) from the alumina column increases with elution time both using 0.9% NaCl or MEK. The 99mTc eluate obtained from this study does not meet standard requirements. The use of a tandem column is needed to prevent 99Mo breakthrough on the 99Mo/99mTc generator to get the 99mTc which meet standard requirement.
Synthesis and Characterization of Material LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 Using One-Step Co-Precipitation Method for Li-Ion Batteries
Authors: Yudha Cornelius Satria , Hasanah Luthfi Mufidatul , Muzayanha Soraya Ulfa , Widiyandari Hendri , Purwanto Agus
Published: January 2020

Li-ion battery is an energy storage device which could be applied as power source for electronic devices. The capacity of a battery is determined by the cathode material. Over this last decade, high nickel content cathode material is applied for electric vehicular technology. This study aims to synthesize a nickel-rich cathode material, LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2 (NCA) via one-step co-precipitation and study its characteristics. The Ni, Co and Al metal ion conversion during co-precipitation were analyzed using Atomic Adsorption Spectroscopy (AAS). Based on X-Ray diffraction analysis, NCA sample exhibited hexagonal-layered structure with high crystallinity. Based on Scherrer equation, the mean crystallite diameter of NCA sample is 40 nm. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed micron-sized homogenous particles with smooth surface. The final composition of Ni, Co and Al metal were confirmed using XRF. The capacity of the battery was determined using galvanostic test method with voltage range of 2.7-4.25 V using graphite as the counter anode. The initial specific discharge capacity of NCA is 60 mAh/g while the capacity loss per cycle is 1%.
Synthesis of Tin(II) Oxide (SnO) Nanoparticle by Hydrothermal Method
Authors: Husein Saddam , Wahyuni Endang Tri , Mudasir Mudasir
Published: January 2020

This study aims to prepare nanomaterial tin(II) oxide (SnO) by using a simple hydrothermal method at low temperatures. The precursors used were tin(II) chloride dihydrate and sodium hydroxide pellets. Solid tin(II) chloride dihydrate and natrium hydroxide pellets are firstly dissolved in ethanol solvents separately and stirred for 3 h for each solution at a constant temperature 26oC. Characterization in this study were carried out by using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The results of the XRD analysis shows that the sample of SnO nanoparticle is in accordance with the standard JCPDS SnO structure. SnO nanoparticle has tetragonal crystal structures and PSC: tp4 groups. It can be concluded that the tetragonal SnO nanostructure can be produced by a simple hydrothermal method at low temperatures by optimizing several synthesis parameters. The structure of SnO nanostructure has several potential applications i.e the absorption of heavy metals, optics, and as a catalyst for dye photodegradation.