bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Removal of CTAB by synthesized ZnO nanoparticles
Authors: Subhashita Mata , Lakshmi Mounika Namballa , Punugoti Thanusha , Kurimilla Divya , Hitesh Akkinenni , Vangalapati Meena
Published: April 2021

In this study, the catalytic mechanism of cetrimonium bromide (CTAB), a cationic surfactant,by pure ZnO nanoparticles was investigated.Further observed ZnO nanoparticles synthesization by precipitation method in aqueous solution with sulfates of metallic precursors.Adding,XRD(X-Ray Diffraction) and SEM(Scanning Electron Microscope) were observed for the crystalline and structural analysis of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles.SEM shows obtained ZnO nanoparticles are of size 180.4 nm.For phase identification o f a crystalline material XRD was used and to observe chemical properties of ZnO nanoparticles,studied FTIR (Fourier Transmission of Infra-Red).The maximum percentage removal of CTAB was found to be 95% by varying different conditions by time,dosage,pH and temperature parameters.
Tribological and Corrosion analysis of Co-20Al-GNSA composites produced through powder metallurgy process
Authors: Raghav G R , Arunachalam U , Sujith R
Published: April 2021

In this study,Co-20Al-GNSA metal matrix composites were produced using mechanical alloying process. The Co-20Al-GNSA composites were mixed using a high-energy ball mill at a constant speed of 350 rpm for 2hours. The composite powders were then characterized for their morphological study using Scanning Electron Microscope. The composite powders are then compressed and sintered at 500MPa and 700°C respectively. The density and compressive strength of the composite materials shows decrement values whereas the wear resistance of the composite materials has increased considerably. The mechanism of wear was identified as abrasive wear. The electrochemical corrosion test also reveals that the Co-20Al-10GNSA composites have better corrosion resistance. The weight-loss corrosion test also shows that the composites with 10GNSA content have better corrosion resistance.
Preparation of superfine cinnamon bark nanocrystalline powder using high energy ball mill and estimation of structural and antioxidant properties
Authors: Archana  , Abhay Aman Kr. , Rakesh Singh Kr. , Nishant Kr. , Birendra Prasad
Published: April 2021

Application of Food material for medicinal use is become a common and safe approach to treat various diseases. Although Nanoscience is seeming to most promising area to be explore at every aspect of existing science including medicine and pharmaceuticals. Medicinal properties and application of various spices are well explored science but their nanopowder synthesis and effect is not very much known. In this present work, we have used a commonly known spice from Indian kitchen know as Cinnamon, for synthesis of nano powder high energy ball mill instrument was used. The crystallographic study, functional group analysis, were done using modern characterization equipment such as XRD (X-ray diffraction), FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), and UV-Visible spectroscopy. XRD measurement confirms that crystal structure of powder milled for 5 hours and 10 hours were different. Similarly, morphology of differently milled sample found to be different from general Cinnamon powder. This might be due the formation of different fractions of particles were formed as a result of deterioration of cohesion bond due to high energy milling. The present study suggested that cinnamon superfine powder could be a potential source of natural antioxidant and thus could be useful as therapeutic agents and also open new window for the progress of surface science of food materials, which are beneficial for biomedical engineering, pharmaceutical, health, and medicine industries.
Mathematical Analysis of Process Parameters in Drilling of Various Aluminium Matrix Composites Using TOPSIS
Authors: Babu S Senthil , Dhanasekaran C
Published: April 2021

Drilling is one of the major material removal processes to produce holes and the key parameters involved in the process are speed of the drilling tool and feed rate of the tool into the work piece to be machined. A conventional study would include the diameter of the drill bit as a key geometric feature that affects the output parameters: thrust, torque, roundness error and the surface roughness. Drilling experiments are performed on three different hybrid composite specimen of Al6061 alloy. Keeping the diameter constant and by varying the point angle of the tool, drilling is performed and the responses of the output parameters are recorded and tabulated. Using the data from the experiment, analysis of the data is done by one of the multi-criteria decision analysis method, TOPSIS. This method is used to determine the optimal condition to drill a particular specimen of the composite. In TOPSIS method, the data is ranked based on performance of the drill, to find the parameters which are ideal to obtain a hole with minimum roughness, circularity error and thrust force. But it is enough to keep the goal as minimum roughness because the other parameters will invariably get minimized as they are dependent
Re-Design and cost reduction in fabrication of a novel 3 DoF active ankle joint
Authors: Ranjan Ranjeet , Pandey Richa , Suryawanshi Ojas , Kumar Purushottam , Kumar Sushil
Published: April 2021

The mechanism of active ankle is a novel 3 DoF parallel mechanism that operates in an almost spherical manner. It is a project by DFKI Germany and currently it is being used in medical rehabilitation. The project was re-engineered with techniques like CAD and Rapid-Prototyping to reduce the cost of fabrication. In the present paper, a comprehensive study of the design, and fabrication of the active ankle is provided. Various motions of human ankle joint such as adduction-abduction, inversion-eversion, and plantarflexion-dorsiilexion, was achieved by the prototype. This project was modeled in CAD software like SolidWorks, accordingly mounting were prepared for the available motors. Various parts of Active Ankle prototype was printed using Olivetti 3D printer by feeding the .gcode file created by slicing software Cura. The paper also discuss about the integration of Dynamixel motors with MATLAB for control. Finally, the paper talks about various application of parallel manipulator in the area of medical rehabilitation.
Effect of concentration, size, granularity, shear time and temperature on rhological properties of coal water slurries
Authors: Jain Rishi , Yadav Shreyash , Bisht Sachin , Kodavaty Jagadeeshwar , Yatirajula Suresh Kumar
Published: April 2021

Coal water slurries (CWS) were proposed as a substitute for the fuel oils century ago. As there is a huge demand for energy, it is necessary for us to use such concepts with good understanding of the alternative fuels. As the use of CWS depends on physio-chemical properties of coal and rheological properties of the slurry, coal obtained from Dugda coal washery, Jharkand, India were subjected to examination. These coals are ground and segregated according to the sizes and the samples of CWS were prepared. The prepared samples were tested for their physio-chemical properties first. various samples of coal water slurries were prepared and examined for rheology of the samples by varying their concentration, size and granularity of the particles, shearing time and temperature. A detailed analysis on stress strain relation was analyzed during this study. It is found that the stresses would increase with concentration of CWS when the strain rates are varied. It is found that the size of the particles would play active role in deciding the shear forces when the samples were subjected to varying shear rates with their self assembly. The granularity of the particles in the sample has significant effect in rheological properties of the CWS samples. The temperature has no effect.
Comparative analysis on strains in asphalt pavement design using linear elastic and viscoelastic theories
Authors: Mora O , Palomino F , Figueroa M , Borrero D , Castro A , Cordoba C , Heilbron J
Published: April 2021

In Colombia it is common to design pavements using the AASHTO 93 method and to complement it with an elastic analysis of the deformations that cause fatigue and rutting; this has repercussions on the behavior of the structure since it does not take into account the viscoelastic behavior of the asphalt mixtures, In this research, a comparison of three structures at different velocity ranges is made to compare the variation in fatigue and rutting concerning the traditional method of analysis in Colombia and to analyze the differences that may occur in linear elastic analysis and viscoelastic analysis of rutting and fatigue.
Solar Energy Based LED Powered Light and Inverter Circuit with Different Types of Sensors
Authors: Senthil E.Siva , Yogeshwaran R. , Yeshwanth B.S. , Banu S.Saira , Sudhakaraii Ashwin , Sudhakaran Allwin
Published: April 2021

In this article we have designed and constructed a simple yet effective Solar Energy Based LED Powered Light and Inverter Circuit with Different Types of Sensors. The Solar Energy Based LED Powered Light and Inverter Circuit with Different Types of Sensors are constructed using simple electronic components and the voltage vs time graph during the sunny, cloudy, and rainy days are analyzed. The observed values are plotted in graph and the constructed device is found to be working perfectly which shows that the device can be used for various domestic and commercial solar applications.
On Some Cases of Plastic Deformations Under Complex Loading
Authors: Abirov R.A.
Published: April 2021

The experimental results under complex loading in view of theory of processes are explained in this issue. The opportunity for reducing of external efforts at metal forming is shown here. These results and investigations can be expanded for anisotropic material and for spatial processes of material forming.
The Effects of the Preservation Conditions on Physical Properties and Bio-active Substance of Garlic (Allium sativum L.)
Authors: Ngo T C Q , Nguyen D P , Tran V K , Le H D , Pham V T , Tran B L
Published: April 2021

Garlic (Allium sativum L.) is a plant species native to Central Asia and has been widely grown in other regions such as Mediterranean regions as well as Asia, Europe and Africa. Determining the optimal time of storage is very important in maintaining stable garlic agricultural supply chain. In this study, we aim to identify optimal storage conditions and packaging materials that allow maintaining highest nutritional values of garlic. Garlic was harvested and stored at different temperatures and storage time. A wide range of quality parameters of garlic were taken into account including total polyphenol content, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, moisture and weight loss. The results of the study show that, at 0 °C, garlic bulbs showed minimal mass weight loss (0.49%) and stabilized polyphenol content. The change of DPPH free radical activity and the total flavonoid content in garlic bulbs stored under different temperature conditions were minor. Lastly, net cloth packaging introduced favorable loss of weight of garlic bulbs during prolonged storage.
Structural, optical and wettability properties of zirconium oxide thin films deposited at various helium partial pressure
Authors: Patel Nicky P. , Chauhan Kamlesh V.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the present work is to deposit zirconium oxide thin films by reactive magnetron sputtering on glass substrates. The influence of helium partial pressure on structural, optical and wettability properties are investigated. The structural properties were investigated using X-Ray Diffraction, which shows that the films deposited has (111) peak of Zirconium Oxide. The intensity of the peak increased with the increase in helium partial pressure. UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometer was used to study the optical properties of the films; the deposited films were transparent and had excellent transmittance of 95%. Surface roughness measured was in the range of 20.9nm to 21.8nm, the roughness of the deposited films decreased with increase in helium partial pressure. The wettability property measured using contact angle goniometer had a maximum contact angle of 94.1°, which proves that the deposited film has hydrophobic property when measured using water.
Enhancement of photo luminescent and magnetic properties of surface modified zinc sulphide nanoparticles by manganese doping
Authors: Shaikh I. A. , Raval Adhish V. , Shah D.V.
Published: April 2021

In the current paper we have reported the structural, optical and magnetic properties of manganese doped (1% to 10%) zinc sulphide nanoparticles synthesised by simple chemical co-precipitation method at room temperature. The crystal structure of the synthesised nanoparticles has been confirmed by X-ray diffraction and the average crystallite size calculated by Scherrer formula was about 3.0 nm. A slight quenching in the crystallite size with the doping was also observed. The FESEM images showed spherical shape particles with uniform size distribution. The elemental composition of pure and manganese doped zinc sulphide was confirmed by EDAX attached to FESEM. The UV-Vis spectra has an absorption edge at 321 nm with sharp fall in the absorption confirming the particles of uniform size distribution with no shift in the absorption edge with the doping. The band gap widening was observed (4.4 eV) and the particle size (3.4 nm) calculated was by effective mass approximation. The photoluminescence spectra has wide emission spectra with the peaks at 397 nm, 414 nm and 487 nm with increase in the intensity with the doping concentration giving a peak at 1% of doping and decrease in emission intensity after that. The hysteresis curve shows the ferromagnetism and the saturation magnetisation increases with the doping concentration.
Comparison between Conventional Fast Multipliers and Improved Fast Multipliers using PTL Logic
Authors: Bansal Malti , Bharti Vishal , Chander Vibhor
Published: April 2021

Multiplier circuit is an important element in majority of the arithmetic operations. In the domain of VLSI industry, obtaining low power consumption by the components and high speed has become a crucial concern for the IC designers. It plays a crucial part in the speed of the ALUs and DSP and dissipates an enormous amount of power. Consequently the functioning operation of the desired circuit can be enhanced by its optimization. By using shift and add operation the multiplication process is also implemented in hardware. So we improved the multiplier with the use of efficient adder circuit. In this paper, the circuits are simulated in Cadence Virtuoso using 90nm technology. The proposed array multiplier circuit and Wallace tree multiplier offers a reduction of approximately 56% and 91% in power consumption and approximately 48% and 90% in product of power and delay respectively.
Investigation on Impact and Thermogravimetric Analysis of Aramid and Carbon based Nanocomposites
Authors: Charvani S. , Reddy Ch.Gopal , Narendar G.
Published: April 2021

The demand from industrial sector for light weight and high strength materials is ever increasing. Researchers are trying to fulfil the industrial requirements by fabricating tailor-made materials with required properties. The recent developments in the nanotechnology and nanomaterials have opened new doors in the field of nanocomposites. Nanoparticles are the fascinating materials due to their unique mechanical, thermal and structural properties paved the way for exploring its use in various industrial applications. Nanocomposite materials can be fabricated to modify and control the properties via innovative synthetic approaches. Polymeric nanocomposites combine the lightness and low cost manufacturing of polymers with alumina nanoparticles have high performance properties due to interfacial characteristics of individual constituents, being an attractive alternative to heavier metals or expensive ceramics and other materials.

Researchers are exploring for the enhancement of the properties such as mechanical properties viz., impact strength, tensile strength, flexural strength and thermal stability etc. Nanocomposites are fabricated imbedded with alumina (Al2O3) nanoparticles in to the binding resin matrix and reinforce materials as Aramid fibre, Carbon fibre, and hybrid of Carbon and Aramid fibres. Nanoparticles of Alumina of less than 30 nm size are dispersed in the matrix during preparation of the composites.

Mechanical and structural characterization of polymer nanocomposites with different proportions of nanoparticles, different fibres and also with plain epoxy polymer composite was evaluated. Structural characterisation confirmed the formation of nanocomposites and thermal stability. Mechanical impact test revealed the improved impact resistance of the nanocomposites. The tests established that these nanocomposites exhibited improved properties.
Effect of annealing temperature and cutting angle of specimens on metallurgical and mechanical properties of Mg-7Li-1Zn alloy via Taguchi approach and response surface analysis
Authors: Pahlavani M , Marzbanrad J , Reza Kashyzadeh K
Published: April 2021

The main aim of this research is to assess the effect of annealing temperature and cutting angle of specimens on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of superlight Mg-Li-Zn alloy thin sheets. To this end, as-rolled LZ71 (Mg-7%Li-1%Zn) alloy was annealed at different temperatures (0, 250, and 350° C) for 3 hours. After that, the test specimens were cut at different angles relative to the rolling direction (0, 45, and 90 °). Next, several experiments were accomplished to study the microhardness, microstructure, grain size, and tensile behavior of the LZ71 alloy. Finally, different Design of Experiment (DOE) techniques were used to determine the individual and interaction effects of annealing temperature and cutting angle of specimens on the material characterization of LZ71 alloy. In this regard, annealing temperature and cutting angle were considered as input parameters in both Taguchi Approach (TA) and Response Surface Analysis (RSA). Also, key parameters of the tensile test including Ultimate Tensile Strength (UTS), Yield Stress (YS), Elastic Modulus (EM), and Strain at BreakPoint (SBP) were considered as outputs. It was concluded that annealing temperature influence on the static behavior of LZ71 alloy is several times greater than the effect of cutting angle (i.e., the effect of annealing temperature on the UTS, YS, EM, and SBP is 92%, 76%, 61%, and 66%, respectively). Moreover, the results of the Response Surface Optimization Algorithm (RSOA) showed that to achieve the best static properties in different directions, the annealing temperature should be selected to be 350°C.
Chemically synthesized ZnO and Cd-ZnO thick films as Ethanol sensor
Authors: Patil Yogita , Pedhekar R.B. , Patil Swaraj , Kosalge Swapnil , Raghuvanshi F. C.
Published: April 2021

In this paper, we report precipitation method for preparation of pure and Cd-ZnO nanorod using different doing concentration. Thick films are fabricated by screen printing technique. For structural, morphological, compositional and optical characteristics of fabricated thick films X-ray diffraction technique (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X-ray technique and UV–visible spectroscopy were used. To check gas sensing properties, hydrogen sulphide (H2S), carbon dioxide (CO2), liquid petroleum gas (LPG), ammonia vapour (NH3), ethanol vapour and hydrogen (H2) gases were used. The excellent gas response was obtained for 3.0 wt.% Cd-ZnO towards ethanol among all Cd-ZnO thick films at operating temperature 573 °K.
Modeling of sediment transport of Capo Negro bay
Authors: Hassan Ayad , Mustapha Mouhid , Laila Mouakkir , Brahim Bouni El , Mohamed Chagdali
Published: April 2021

The coastline is a curve/line representing the intersection between land and sea. The interaction between the atmosphere, the sea and the continent give the coastal fringe a multiphasic character that is very complex and difficult to manage. The concentration of human activity in coastal areas requires looking at problems that may endanger beach stability, coastal development, and consequently loss of human heritage. The most widespread problem on a global scale is erosion, especially with the current trend of rising sea levels. And given the complexity of this process and for better management of coastal areas, mathematical modeling is an indispensable tool.

In this work, we study the evolution of the Cabo Negro coastline and present a methodology based on two complementary approaches: first, an oceanographic, granulometric and sedimentological study of the site. Secondly, numerical modeling to analyze the evolution of the coastline and the prediction of its long-term position by using a mathematical model: the GENESIS calculation model.
Modeling wave interaction in long wave theory during its spread over a stratified porous bottom
Authors: Mustapha Mouhid , Hassan Ayad , Laila Mouakkir , Brahim El Bouni , Mohamed Chagdali
Published: April 2021

In this work, we are interested in the study of the interaction between a gravity wave and a porous media made up of multi layers of different geometrical characteristics. The dispersion relation and the reflection coefficient are calculated and analysed according to the porosity of the porous media. A generalization of these relations is proposed in the case of long waves. In terms of application, we analyse the most adequate configuration for better behaviour of the porous media under the gravity wave. The wave is calculated within the potential theoretical framework and the Forchheimer model is selected in order to take into account the inertial aspect of the flow in the porous media.
Study of the importance of core cylinders in the monitoring of the compressive strength of the concrete
Authors: De J , Iglesia La , Murillo M , Borrero Restrepo D
Published: April 2021

The fulfillment of the resistance to the compression as a fundamental property of the concrete, during the process of execution of a work, constitutes great work for all the factors that intervene in the constructive process. The same concrete cannot be suitable for all structures, many times when using the same mixture, failures can occur with relevant damage. This situation frequently occurs at construction sites and resources must be allocated to repair structures to guarantee their useful life. This research aims to focus on the importance of performing compressive strength tests and taking enough samples for reliable results. For this purpose, 36 concrete test samples were taken from different structural elements of work according to the requirements of the standard. Subsequently, the laboratory tests were carried out at 7, 14, 28, and 56 days with a control cylinder, to analyze the behavior of each sample according to the concrete specifications requested for the different types of structures. From the results obtained, we could observe the differences in the percentages achieved by each of the samples and the type of failure presented, in turn, the importance of the control cylinder, for the monitoring of the strength of the concrete.
Effect of dispersing CTBN into Diglycidyl Ether of Bisphenol-A on Mixed mode Loading
Authors: Kumar J.V. Sai Prasanna , Baskar S.
Published: April 2021

Delamination of polymer composite is one of the major failure characteristic, in this context the fracture behavior of the tailored composites in combination of opening mode and shearing mode is assessed and its fracture robustness of the glass fiber reinforced laminate are determined experimentally, in this present work by developing a modified Arcan fixture using a single edge notched specimen for characterizing in various loading conditions, The fixture was made of industrial grade Aluminum ingot machined to an outer diameter of 150 mm, having a thickness of 10 mm. The fixture had provision to load the sample at different oblique angles up to 90 degrees in steps of 15 degrees. The samples were attached to the fixture by means of fasteners and were tested in tensile mode using a 40 KN Instron tensile tester at constant displacement and ambient conditions. Further, the resin was strengthened with Carboxyl Terminated Butadiene Arenonitrile (CTBN) and its effect on fracture parameters was studied by varying the loading angles. Results indicate that the fracture parameters vary with loading and at angles greater than 45 degrees, the GFRP sample’s behavior changes from opening mode to shearing mode and the converse is also true. This pattern is similar, with the specimens even after modifying the resin with CTBN however, it was found that stress intensity factor increased corresponding to the increase of CTBN infusion. CTBN was dispersed into the Bisphenol base A (LY566– A general purpose thermoset epoxy resin) in three different percent: 1%, 3% and 5% by weight. The layup sequence used in this work was cross ply. The effect of varying the loading angles on the stress intensity factors were studied.
Design and analysis of hybrid composites using adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system
Authors: kavitha I. C. , Frank glads on T.S.
Published: April 2021

This article shows an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) model that can predict the cyclic response under a mixture of different parameters. The ANFIS model used for prediction can accurately predict the cyclic reaction of blends with different parameters. It is used for evaluation to predict and analyze the relationship between independent machining variables cutting speed, feed rate, depth of cut and machinability cutting force, cutting power, specific cutting pressure standards. In this evaluation of PEEK CF 30 processed with TiN-coated cutting tools, experiments were conducted and the results obtained were used to apply the ANFIS method to prediction. The primary motive on this research is the affect regarding it factors of cutting force, cutting power and specific cutting pressure.
Cost Minimization of Turning Machining Process with Materials using Abc, Auction, Ant Lion, Elephant, Spiral, Bacterial, Greedy, Lawlers Fireworks and Pattern Search
Authors: Jagan T. , Elizabeth Amudhini Stephen S.
Published: April 2021

The optimization algorithms are used in machining process for improving product quality and minimizing cost and time. The turning machine process is used for cutting speed and feed. This paper describes the optimization of machining process by using the ABC algorithm, Auction, Spiral, Ant lion, Elephant herding, Bacterial colony, Greedy, Lawler’s, Fireworks and pattern search for these ten non-traditional methods. In this paper, we have compared the solution to minimize the total cost and time of turning machine process using ten artificial optimization methods. We conclude which method gives a better solution for turning machine process.
Investigating the luminescent property of transition metal doped ZnS nanoparticles synthesised by co-precipitation method
Authors: Desai N V , Shaikh I A , Raval Adhish V , Raval K G , Shah D V
Published: April 2021

The group II-IV nanoparticles have excellent semiconducting properties having a possibility of tuning it by changing the size, shape and precursors. This makes them an ideal candidate for their applications in the field of science and technology. Amongst several semiconductor nanoparticles, zinc sulphide (ZnS) nanoparticles are promising material because of chemical stability, low toxicity and better optical properties. Introducing transition metal impurities in ZnS nanoparticles further improves the physical properties like optical and magnetic. The synthesis and optical properties of transition metal doped ZnS nanoparticles with varying doping percentage is reported. The doping of ZnS with the transition metal with variable doping concentration improves the luminescence in comparison of pure ZnS. The photoluminescence spectrum has a single major peak at 780nm, and the intensity increases with the type and concentration of the impurity but at higher concentration the luminescence is quenching. This paper tries to give a comprehensive study of photoluminescence of ZnS nanoparticles doped with different transition metal with varying concentration.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of High Strength (M40) Fibre Reinforced Concrete using Admixtures
Authors: Naidu Gopu Ganesh , Nagaraju Maila , Kumar K.Ashok
Published: April 2021

This research concentrates on the evaluation of mechanical properties of high strength concrete using fibers and admixtures. Now-a-days High strength concrete is used in the construction to get the more strength and durability. High strength concrete mix of M40 grade is designed by adding fibers and admixtures. Admixtures like Super plasticizer & master glenim are used to replace the cement content in the mix. Chemical admixtures are used to decrease the water content in the concrete such that its workability and compressive strength increased. Along with that as the concrete is weak in tension, to overcome that, fibers of polypropylene were used. Fibers can increase the tensile behaviour of the concrete beam. The specimens were prepared by adding the fibers and mineral admixtures to the high strength (M40) concrete and conventional concrete and tested for compressive strength, Slump cone test, Modulus of elasticity and flexural strength at 7,14, 28 & 56 days. Based on the experimental values, it is clearly identified that all the results were obtained target mean strength. Experimental data shows that using fiber content from 0.5% to 1% can increase all mechanical properties of the concrete but using more than above mentioned content will leads to decrement of strength parameters of the concrete.
Applications of EPS Geo-foam and Geo-membranes in Construction Industry – Bridges, Embankments
Authors: Naidu Gopu Ganesh , Manohar Kota Sai
Published: April 2021

This paper mainly concentrates on the uses and applications of EPS geo-foams and geo-membranes in construction industry like Bridges and Embankments over weak soil (compressible soils). If any external load is acting on weak soil, it will undergo settlement and the soil will be compressed. To overcome these settlements and compression of the weak soils, in this research we suggest EPS geo-foams. The EPS means “Expanded Poly Styrene”, it is a light weight material which is 1% weight of soil and it is less than 10% weight of other light weight materials and it is available in different densities. It has high compressive resistance and it reduces settlement of weak soil. It is generally used as a soil fill replacement material. If the soil contains any moisture content, the geo membrane acts like a water barrier for the geo-foam material. Geo-membrane is a thin continues polymeric sheets and it is a geo synthetic material, it is generally used in construction industry and geotechnical applications. If we place different types of densities of EPS geo-foam blocks and geo-membranes over weak soil in bridges and embankments, the soil behaviour is changing and attaining stability. Finally based upon the behaviour of weak soil we conclude that, at which density of the EPS blocks the soil attain more strength and how other strength parameters has been related to density by conducting the different tests.
Application of Multiple Linear Regression Models and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System Models to estimate the Compressive Strength of Concrete
Authors: Hussain Mohammed , Raju Y Kamala , V Kamakshi Prasad
Published: April 2021

The most widely used composite construction material is concrete. Compressive strength is an important monitoring parameter for quality assurance at construction site. In this paper,two different models of Multiple Linear Regression ( MLR) and Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) are developed to predict the 28 day compressive strength of concrete using the experimental datasets available . These two models are compared . Sensitivity Analysis (SA) is carried out for two different sets of parameters. ANFIS models predict more effectively as their coefficients of multiple determination(R Square) are higher than those of MLR models. This shows that the nonlinear correlation among input variables is better represented in ANFIS models than in MLR models .Goal 12 of United Nations Sustainable Development deals with the sustainable consumption and production patterns and it is taken into account as environmentally degrading materials( flyash and blast furnace slag ) are used.
Investigation on the Mechanical Property and Crack Arresting Mechanism of Natural Jute Fiber used as Reinforcement for Lightweight Concrete Masonry Prism
Authors: Vijayalakshmi R
Published: April 2021

Concrete being the widely used material in construction work is strong in compression and brittle in nature. Addition of fibres to the cementitious mix helps to improve the tensile property of the material, particularly after reaching the yield load. In addition, fiber reinforced cement composites exhibit better toughness, crack resistance, flexural capacity, and ductility than non-reinforced cement materials. In developing countries natural fibers are used in the cement composites to produce a low-cost building construction. Previous research works, carried out using sugarcane, hemp, jute, banana and coconut were found to improve the tensile and compressive strength of concrete composite elements. Main aim of this work is to study the performance of jute fiber reinforcement in lightweight foam concrete masonry structure. To study the load deformation patter, jute fiber reinforced masonry prism were subjected to axial compression load. From the stress-strain behaviour it can be concluded that jute fiber reinforcement in foam concrete help to improve the pre cracking behaviour and prevents the formation of major crack plane in masonry unit. Masonry unit with different dosages of fiber were tested and results were plotted. From the study it can be concluded that light weight foam concrete with fiber reinforcement can be used as a better alternative to clay bricks and aerated concrete blocks.
Density, Molar Volume and IR Studies of Lithium Doped Bismuth Lead Borate Glasses
Authors: Sangeeta B.Kolavekar , Ayachit N. H.
Published: April 2021

Structural analysis of 15Bi2O3-(50-x)PbO-35B2O3-xLi2CO3, x = 0,5,10,15 and 20) of lithium doped bismuth lead borate glass system (BPBL) using density, molar volume, and IR absorption spectra has been carried out for These glasses were prepared by the most reliable conventional melt quenching technique. Densities and molar volumes have been measured as a function of Li2CO3 content. Almost linear variation in the density and the molar volume has been observed in the present glasses and is attributed to the role of Li+ in these glasses. IR spectra of these glasses exhibit characteristic vibrations due to the borate network. The band at 400 cm−1-600 cm−1 due to absorption refers to metallic and cationic vibrations of metallic cations of Bi3+ and Li+.
A Composite Material an alternative for manufacturing of Automotive Disc Brake: A Review
Authors: Wasekar Milind K , Khond Mohan P
Published: April 2021

The brake disc is an indispensable component of an automobile especially in this trending era of electric mobility, where gasoline engines are superseded by electric vehicles in which prominent criteria is to lower down the weight to enhance the performance of the vehicle. Aluminum Metal matrix composites (MMC) play an important role because of researchers as these are not only used in automotive industries but aircraft and locomotives also. In most vehicles, these brakes are made up of Cast Iron which has well anti-wear properties and cheap too. But in certain other cases such as high-performance vehicles, these brake discs are not up to their standards of high performance because the cast iron brake discs are heavy and so reduces the vehicle’s performance to a particular extent. This paper reviews on fundamental function of Disc brake and the crucial challenges found in this review are, the problem of evolution of hazardous wear particles in an atmosphere, thermoelectric friction problem during braking, friction-induced vibration which causes squeal, the behavior of abrasive particles, and dynamic stability analysis, etc. an alternative to cease these problems possibly is to adopt novel material
Latent heat energy storage system using phase change materials and techniques for their performance improvement: A Review
Authors: Mundra S S , Pardeshi S S
Published: April 2021

Entire world is struggling to explore newer methods to overcome the energy crisis. With limited and exhausting energy resources researchers around the world are finding efficient ways to store thermal energy. One of the efficient ways is to store thermal energy in the form of latent heat energy using phase change materials (PCMs). Latent heat storage (LHS) units have been widely adopted owing to superior energy storage density and constant operating temperature. But the thermal performance of these systems is limited due to low thermal conductivity of the PCMs. Researchers across the globe working on approaches to improve the thermal performance of these systems. The present review paper is concerned with a review on PCMs, methods to improve performance of LHS system using PCMs with special emphasis on use of various additives such as nano particles and porous materials to increase the thermal performance of PCMs and types of PCMs for specific applications. The factual data presented in this paper would be helpful in selection of appropriate PCM for specific application, and to adopt suitable performance enhancement technique to obtain most optimal LHS system
Thermal analysis of fin materials for engine cylinder heat transfer enhancement
Authors: Durgam Shankar , Kale Aniket , Kene Nikhil , Khedkar Akshay , Palve Sanket , Gawai Nikita M.
Published: April 2021

In automobiles the internal combustion engine cylinder is one of the major component which is subjected to high thermal stresses and temperature variations. Engine cylinders come up with fins or extended surfaces. The heat transfer enhancement from engine cylinder is mainly depends on fin material and shape. We can use different fin materials and fin geometries in order to increase heat transfer rate. In this work heat transfer rate through fins with different materials was evaluated. The fin geometries such as the rectangular fins attached to the cylinder block. In this analysis different physical and thermal properties along with cost associated with the fin materials are considered. The 3D model of geometries are created using CATIA-V5, and thermal properties are analyzed using commercial software ANSYS FLUENT 2020 R1. From the results of steady state thermal analysis of engine cylinder it is found that the value of heat flux increased through cylinder block to the surroundings. The weighted point method applied to find performance of fins based on material that is best suited for manufacturing of fins.
Materials selection for hybrid and electric vehicle battery pack thermal management: A review
Authors: Durgam Shankar , Datir Priyanka , Tawase Onkar , Savant Dipak , Tapkir Ganesh , Warkhedkar > Ravi M. , Gawai Nikita M.
Published: April 2021

This paper reviews materials for hybrid and electric vehicles battery pack thermal management required for efficient working of batteries in any climate conditions. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery cells are being used for electric or hybrid vehicles because they having high density of energy and long life cycle. Battery lifetime and performance of Li-ion batteries depends on operating temperature. The higher operating temperature increases capacity and decreases life of Battery. Thermal management strategies which are based on air, water, phase change material (PCM) and heat pipe are discussed and compared. After comparison, an efficient system of temperature management for battery pack is discussed. Phenomena of creating heat and temperature issues of Li-ion batteries are discussed in this paper. Then different strategies are reviewed and classified based on thermal cycle options. Improving the existing temperature control system and testing new technologies to reduce thermal issues is necessary, and efforts should be made to prioritize the thermal management system to improve temperature uniformity throughout battery pack, life of battery, and increase protection to battery packs.
Experimental and Numerical Studies on Materials for Electric Vehicle Chassis
Authors: Durgam Shankar , Deshmukh Vikrant Mahesh , Jagtap Akshay Prakash , Sable Mahendra J. , Gawai Nikita M.
Published: April 2021

This paper presents experimental and numerical studies on materials for electric vehicle chassis design, testing, and analysis. The chassis for a car should have good rigidity and should be light in weight which are very crucial parameters. To create any car frame is the basic and main structure. It connects rear and front suspension rigidly. Along with this it provides support to the various components of the car. This paper describes the simulation of electric vehicle (EV) Chassis frame with square beam for finding stress, strain and deformation properties in structural body by using finite element analysis (FEA) tools and strain gauge. In this case of chassis structure, we are considering engine weight, alternator weight, motor weight as well as battery pack weight. The total weight on chassis structure is approximately around 4 ton. We are working on finding maximum stress, maximum strain and deformation in structural body by using FEA tools as well as strain gauge.
Studies on factors influencing Low Velocity Impact of Composite Materials – A Review
Authors: Sunith Babu L , Pradeep Kumar K V , JayaChristiyan K G
Published: April 2021

Composite Materials has been the de-facto material of choice in the aerospace and automotive industry mainly due to its high strength to weight ratio. Composite materials fabricated by different methods have been used in the above fields, some have found to be resistant to failure while some have failed to live-up to the expected results. Therefore, it is evident that, although composite materials provide excellent directional properties, failure in composite materials is a key area that many researchers have been studying for many decades and may still continue with development of newer materials. One such failure that can occur in composite materials is due to impact loading and the focus of this paper is to review the factors associated with Low Velocity Impact. In general, damage in composite material is a serious issue and factors that contribute needs to be studied in depth, since this may lead to catastrophic failure and some failures that is generated, may not be visible to the naked eye. Failure arising from LVI is not limited to fibre matrix cracking, de-bonding, delamination, fibre pull out and possible ways to overcome these effects may be of significant importance particularly in the aerospace industry and possible ways to improve them is discussed in this paper.
Correlation of CFRP and AA7075 Aircraft Wing box structure using FEM
Authors: Vigneshwaran M. , Kumaran M , Praveen kumar K , Revanth K , Sathya prakash T
Published: April 2021

Composite materials are becoming more important in the construction of Mechanical structures. The primary objective of this paper is to analyse the Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) and Aluminium alloy (AA 7075) aircraft wing box using finite element method. Both results has been correlated. Both CFRP and AA7075 structures modelling and numerical simulations were executed at various loading conditions. The deformed configuration of the CFRP and AA7075 aircraft wing box along with stress plot have been computed using analysis. Based on these studies, the CFRP and AA7075 central wing box, representing a weight saving of up to one and a half tonnes compared to the most advanced aluminium alloys. The results also expose the increasing strength with reduced weight.
Performance Evaluation of Durability and Flexural behaviour of Self Compacting Concrete blended with Alccofine
Authors: Vivek Kumar C , Palanisamy M , Debnath Sohang , Munagala Mahesh
Published: April 2021

Due to its superior performance over traditional concrete mixes, Self Compacting concrete (SCC) has increased in popularity in the construction industry in recent years. The major downside of using self-compacting concrete is that there is no universal design mix norm. The aim of this research is to determine the best mix proportioning and strength and durability parameters for M40 Alccofine based high strength self-compacted concrete. It often provides an exclusive application for self-compacting concrete since it can flow into any section of a heavily reinforced region without creating any vibration. Consequently, if using self-compacting concrete in beam-column joints does not adversely affect the frame’s seismic efficiency, it could be used rather than traditional concrete. During earthquake excitation, the beam-column joints of reinforced concrete building frames play a very important role. As those are the highly congested areas of reinforced concrete framed buildings, effective concrete placement and compaction in these regions is extremely difficult. This study involves determining the impact of Alccofine with replacement levels from 10 to 50 percentages with cement is substituted for M40 grades with Viscosity Modifying Agent, with both the purpose of increasing compressive strength, lowering gas emissions, and making concrete more cost efficient. In specific, increasing the CaO volume of the Alccofine 1203 increases the binding capacity and compressive strength.
SLRA and MLRA Based Correlations of Geotechnical Parameters of Fine Grained Soils
Authors: Lavanya C , Kumar Nandyala Darga
Published: April 2021

Due to huge expenditure is involved in testing of soil by employing heavy machinery and costly equipment; it is necessitated to develop statistical correlations between various geotechnical parameters which can be used mostly in design of foundations and pavement constructions. Many techniques are de-veloped for carrying out regression analysis to establish the relationships be-tween response variable and explanatory variables as per the practice are con-cerned. Single linear regression analysis (SLRA) and multiple linear regression analysis (MLRA) are the modeling techniques commonly adopted to develop correlations between the required variables. The MLRA model creates a rela-tionship in the form of linear line that best approximates all the individual data points. The MLRA is a statistical technique that uses several explanatory varia-bles to predict the outcome of a response variable. This paper presents the rela-tionships established between geotechnical parameters of fine grained soils (% of soil passing 0.075mm BIS sieve > 50%) using SLRA and MLRA technique.

The geotechnical parameters of fine grained soils such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Liquid limit (LL), Plastic limit (PL), Plasticity Index (PI), Opti-mum Moisture Content (OMC), Maximum Dry Density (MDD), Free swell in-dex (FSI) and % fine fraction (FF) are considered from the soil testing carried out on natural soil samples collected at different stretches of a road project from Khandi to Shadnagar in T elangana state. The SLRA and MLRA showed good fits between the geotechnical parameters of fine grained soils with regression coefficients showing above 0.80. The MLRA models developed can be utilized to estimate the CBR of fine grained soils whose % fines more than 50%.