bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessing the Effectiveness of Saponins from Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) to Mitigate Cypermethrin Residues in Apples
Authors: Soban Manzoor Soban Manzoor , Waqas Asghar Waqas Asghar , Rao Sanaullah Khan Rao Sanaullah Khan , Nauman Khalid Nauman Khalid
Published: February 2023

Pesticide residues on fruits and vegetables are of major health concern around the world. Some of these pesticide residues are extremely toxic and can become a major causative factor for various diseases such as cardiovascular disorders (CVDs), lung, endocrine, and nervous system damage, as well as the circulatory system, and reproductive system problems. This study was aimed at investigating the effectiveness of saponins isolated from alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) seeds for mitigating cypermethrin residues on apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) in comparison to tap water, citric acid, and baking soda. Cypermethrin concentration applied to apples was 1 ml/L. After washing the apples with varying concentrations of different washing solutions, analysis for cypermethrin residues was performed using a UV/VIS spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 535 nm. The maximal removal of residues recorded for baking soda, tap water, and citric acid was 92.98, 72.50, and 74.59 % respectively. Saponins exhibited a maximum of 13.90 % of residual removal which was not as effective as other washing agents.
Gorham Stout disease: 3 additional cases with 2 very rare polyostotic diseases
Authors: Mbaga André Claude , Verhelle Charles-Edouard , de Wouters Solange , Barbier Olivier , Boon Laurence , Docquier Pierre-Louis
Published: February 2023

Gorham Stout disease is a very rare monostotic or polyostotic osteolysis and physiopathology of the osteolysis is not yet fully understood. Three new cases are reported with their evolution and treatment. Among these 3 cases, two are very rare cases of polyostotic involvement. One patient finally deceased from respiratory complications despite limb amputation. The two others are alive. Both needed final reconstruction with massive bone allograft for one and with a prosthesis for the other.

Monostotic osteolysis is the most frequent presentation of Gorham Stout disease and extensive polyostotic osteolysis is very rare. Treatment methods vary from one clinic to another, from drug treatment to surgical treatment with or without radiotherapy. Sometimes, as a last solution, an amputation of the affected limb is performed. The prognosis depends on the affected region and the reponse to various treatments. Chylothorax seems to be a factor of poor prognosis.
Coracoid fracture caused by lifting a heavy object: a rare clinical presentation
Authors: Gulcu Anil
Published: February 2023

The purpose of this narrative review was to highlight the research on the influence of weather conditions on patients with osteoarthritis, the pathophysiological mechanisms and the therapeutic consequences. A search was conducted using the Pubmed, Medline and Web of Science databases. Barometric pressure, temperature and humidity are the weather conditions that are found to be correlated most to the worsening of pain complaints. But, due to the difficulty of measuring the impact of these variables and the great diversity in study protocols, an analysis of studies regarding this topic shows conflicting results. Central sensitization mechanisms and the function of a Transient Receptor Potential channel might explain the pain hypersensitivity to cold weather. Joint pain, caused by central sensitization mechanisms, cannot always be treated with joint arthroplasty. When pain remains present after joint arthroplasty, centrally mediated pain constitutes an important role.
The prevalence and risk factors of dislocation after primary total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Ding Yujian , Feng Dehong , Liu Yi , Gao Jianrui , Wang Ling , Li Yaxin , Guo Yu , Tang Fenglin
Published: February 2023

This study aimed to investigate the occurrence of dislocation and risk factors following primary total hip arthroplasty (THA). Retrospective analysis was done on the clinical data of 441patients with primary total hip arthroplasty who were admitted to our hospital between May 2018 and early December 2020. A total of 294 patients without posterior soft tissue repair were included as control group, and a total of 147 patients with repair of the short external rotator muscle and joint capsule were assigned to the repair group. All operated patients were observed to analyze the occurrence and risk of early postoperative dislocation. Within 6 months after hip arthroplasty, the early hip dislocation rate in the repair group was 0.68%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group (4.78%) (P < 0.05). The results of multifactorial analysis showed that age ≥75 years, combined limb or mental illness, artificial femoral head diameter <30 mm, posterolateral approach and prosthesis placement outside the safety zone, and improper handling were risk factors for dislocation (P < 0.05); The incidence of re-dislocation was lower in the targeted intervention group (P < 0.05). The occurrence of dislocation after THA is related to age, gender, and type of orthopedic disease. The risk factors should be explored to develop targeted intervention protocol, decreasing the dislocation rate and improving the prognosis.
A topological approach to soft groupoids
Authors: Oguz Gulay
Published: February 2023

In this manuscript, the notion of soft topological groupoid is proposed by examining in a different perspective the notion of soft groupoid, which is defined as a parameterized family of the subgroupoids of a soft groupoid. In this context, topological groupoid structures are equipped with soft set theory and the category of soft topological groupoids is formed. Subsequently, the definition of soft topological subgroupoid is presented and all new notions given are strengthened by illustrative examples.
Incompatibility Studies of Tamsulosin HCl using TGA, DSC and FT-IR
Authors: SHRİVASTAVA Alankar , MITTAL Ashu
Published: February 2023

The Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia is one of the common old age problem and alpha one adrenoreceptor blockers are commonly used for symptomatic relief. Tamsulosin HCl is selective alpha 1A adrenoreceptor blocker with better tolerability profile and once daily dosing advantage. The present study was under taken to establish the compatibility of Tamsulosin with a number of commonly used excipients by using thermo analytical technique viz Thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) used in formulation. The TG and DSC both results demonstrated that ethyl cellulose, Gelatin and lactose found to be incompatible with Tamsulosin and should be avoided for the pharmaceutical preparation.
The Bioequivalence Study of Two Cefdinir 250 mg/5 mL Oral Suspension Formulations in Healthy Males Under Fasting Conditions
Authors: YERLİKAYA Fırat , ARSLAN Aslıhan , ATİK Özlem , KOZAN Seda , PARLAK Ahmet , ÖZEL KARATAŞ Meltem , SAĞLAM Onursal , AYTAÇ Sevim Peri
Published: February 2023

A new liquid oral formulation of cefdinir has been developed and a bioequivalence study was conducted. This single-center study was designed as an open-label, randomized, two-period, cross-over trial, and was performed with healthy males under fasting conditions in compliance with Good Clinical Practice (GCP) principles. Two 250 mg/5mL suspension formulation of cefdinir was compared in terms of their pharmacokinetic properties and the bioequivalence of the new formulation was assessed according to the requirement of the authorities. The blood samples of the volunteers were taken at certain points specified to cefdinir, to evaluate the plasma concentrations and pharmacokinetic properties of two cefdinir formulations by using a validated LC-MS/MS analytical method. The bioequivalence of the new formulation has been shown and the tolerability of both products was acceptable.
PERANCANGAN SISTEM PENYALUR PETIR EKSTERNAL DI AREA TANGKI TIMBUN INTEGRETED TERMINAL X
Authors: Ametembun Jovita Anggela
Published: February 2023

Industri Minyak dan Gas Bumi adalah industri dengan tingkat kecelakaan tinggi. Sistem safety pada industri ini harus selalu dioptimalkan demi mencegah terjadinya kecelakaan. Tingginya  kecelakaan dalam Industri minyak dan gas di Indonesia terjadi karena sambaran petir, Penyalur petir sebagai penghantar muatan negatif dari petir ke tanah harus optimal agar terhindar dari potensi tersambar petir. Hasil evaluasi pada area berbahaya Tangki Timbun BBM Integreted Terminal X  mempunyai tiga tiang penyalur petir yang belum bisa mencakup keseluruhan area maka harus dilakukan optimasi dengan penambahan sistem penyalur petir yang sesuai dengan standar. Evaluasi dan optimasi Sistem Penyalur Petir dilakukan berdasarkan SNI 03-7015-2004 Tentang Sistem Proteksi Petir Pada Bangunan. Hasil evaluasi menyatakan Area Tangki Timbun BBM berada pada tingkat proteksi pertama yang mana sangat berpotensi tersambar petir karena tempat penampungan BBM yang berbahaya dan mudah terbakar. Sistem safety Penyalur Petir kemudian dioptimasi dengan penambahan 1 tiang sistem penyalur petir untuk mencover area yang belum terproteksi.
Criminal offences for match-fixing: Observations on the current framework and suggestions for future national legislation
Authors: Smith Anna
Published: February 2023

Match-fixing (particularly when it is linked to betting) poses a significant threat to the integrity of sport in Australia and around the globe. More than a decade ago, the Australian federal, state and territory governments committed to the National Policy on Match-fixing in Sport pursuant to which governments agreed to implement nationally consistent legislation to address the issue of match-fixing. However, in 2018, a review of Australia’s sports integrity arrangements (Wood Review) concluded that the nationally consistent legislation envisaged by the National Policy had not been achieved. Accordingly, the Wood Review recommended that Australia become a party to the Council of Europe Convention on the Manipulation of Sports Competitions (‘Macolin Convention’), allowing the enactment of national match-fixing criminal legislation. This article examines the different approaches to the formulation of match-fixing offences from within Australia and overseas and offers suggestions for how the Commonwealth should approach key aspects of any future national criminal legislation for match-fixing, including in relation to scope, jurisdiction, inside information, disclosure, and the protection of whistle-blowers.
Antifungal Activity of Auricularia nigricans Methanol Extract against Candida parapsilosis using The Well Method
Authors: Septiani Resika Dewi  , Yuliarni Floreta Fiska
Published: February 2023

This study aims to determine the ability of the methanol extract of the fungus Auricularia nigricans to inhibit the growth of Candida parapsilosis. The extraction method used was maceration with the antifungal test method, namely the well method, the concentrations used were 0.2g/mL, 0.3g/mL, 0.4g/mL and 10% DMSO as a negative control. The results of the study showed that all concentrations used did not form inhibition zones. This result is included in the inactive category. So that Auricularia nigricans does not have antifungal activity against Candida parapsilosis.
Analysis of Proximate Level of Porang Tubers (Amorphophallus muerelli Blume) After Drying with Oven and Sun
Authors: Wardani Ratih Kusuma , Fernanda M.A. Hanny Ferry
Published: February 2023

Porang tubers are one of the tubers that have special features compared to other tubers. Porang tubers contain glucomannan which has many health benefits. Glucomannan is a polysaccharide compound and contains high fiber. People have not been able to consume porang tubers directly because they contain high concentration of calcium oxalate. Soaking porang tubers in lime solution can help lower calcium oxalate levels. In addition to the content of glucomannan and calcium oxalate, proximate levels in porang tubers also need to be analyzed to determine the quality of processed porang tubers. In this study, an analysis of proximate levels in porang tubers was carried out before and after soaking in lime solution. The proximate levels of porang tubers before and after soaking with lime solution did not differ much. Porang tubers that have been dried for 6 days have a lower water content and higher carbohydrate content than tubers that have been dried for 4 days. Likewise, porang tubers that have been dried at 70 °C have a lower moisture content and higher carbohydrate content than tubers dried at 60 °C.
The Comparison of Refined Sugar Concentration in Hard Candy Nutgrass Extract Formulation (Cyperus rotundus L.)
Authors: Faradibah Roxana , Artemisia Stephanie , Maulida N Fitri , Husna Humda K Khoizun , Shakina Rosselya , Rizkia Sundari Fira
Published: February 2023

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience due to actual or potential tissue damage. Pain is also a warning form of the danger of tissue damage. One of the people who often experience pain is women, especially during menstruation. Based on the American Family Physician, the incidence of dysmenorrhea throughout the world is still very large, the percentage of the dysmenorrhea incidence in the world is on average more than 50% or ranging from 15.8-89.5% of women in each country. Some women who experience dysmenorrhea take analgesic drugs regularly. Nutgrass (Cyperus rotundus) contains a wide variety of secondary metabolites, one of which is flavonoids, has an analgesics effect. This research was aimed to compare the level of refined sugar in the hard candy formulation of the nutgrass. Extraction of flavonoids from Nutgrass can be done by infusion method. The infusion of Nutgrass was processed into candy preparations. This research was conducted by adding a variety of refined sugar. In the first formulation using refined sugar as much as 47 grams and in the second formulation using refined sugar as much as 62 grams. The research results found that the first formula where the sugar content was lower (47 grams) could not crystallize perfectly, while second formula where the sugar content was higher (62 grams) could crystallize well. Hence, it can be said that the higher refined sugar content can make the candy crystallize well.
Comparison and Evaluation of Fermentation Results of Probiotic Products by Acenobacter xylinum
Authors: Lestari Kinanti , Yuliarni Floreta Fiska , Sa’diyah Lailatus , Wulansari Silvi Ayu , Agustine Selvyronica Eka , Trisnawati Fatma Ariska , Permatasari Silfiana Nisa
Published: February 2023

products with Acetobacter xylinum starter included Nata and Kombucha. The large number of studies on probiotic product innovation should be followed by a survey on public acceptance of the products. This research aim to compare of the yield of probiotic products after fermentation process which was evaluated from a physical perspective, pH and public acceptance. This research is an experimental study to compared the fermented results of two types of probiotic products, nata and kombucha which are differentiated based on their raw ingredients. The nata products sample which had the largest thickness and weight of cellulose biofilm was NDC, while the kombucha products sample which had the largest thickness and weight of cellulose biofilm was KGF. pH of all samples, both nata and kombucha, decreased during the fermentation process. The samples of nata products that were most accepted by the panelists were NDC and NDM in terms of color, smell and taste. The samples of kombucha products that were most accepted by the panelists were KAF and KMF in terms of color, smell and taste.
Dossier: El Concilio Vaticano II: entre el cambio y la continuidad
Authors: Dezzutto Flavia , Peña Gabriela Alejandra
Published: February 2023

En el año 2012 se cumplen 50 años de la apertura del Concilio Ecuménico Vaticano II por Juan XXIII, y esta circunstancia nos brinda el tiempo y la oportunidad para hacer memoria, refl exionar y estudiar –en continuidad histórica y teológica con las numerosas investigaciones que se han llevado a cabo desde entonces- este acontecimiento trascendente de la historia de la Iglesia católica en el siglo XX, con amplias repercusiones en otras confesiones religiosas y en el mundo secular. Indudablemente se trata de un evento que por su complejidad no admite análisis simplistas ni puede ser abarcado desde la perspectiva de una única disciplina. Historia, sociología, teología, fi losofía y otras áreas de conocimiento tienen una palabra para decir, pero también algo para escuchar de este acontecimiento que se constituyó en un hito que marcó al siglo XX desde varios puntos de vista.
Los Dominicos y el Concilio Vaticano II.
Authors: Scampini Jorge A.
Published: February 2023

Desde una perspectiva sobre todo histórica, el autor ofrece una visión panorámica de la presencia de la Orden de Predicadores en el acontecimiento conciliar. Esa presentación se hace en cinco momentos: a) En el primero se señalan algunos presupuestos que explicitan los alcances y los límites de la presentación; b) En segundo lugar, se ofrecen elementos relativos a la situación de la Orden de Predicadores en tiempos del Concilio Vaticano II, privilegiando la irradiación misionera y la vitalidad de los centros de estudios; c) En tercer lugar, se presentan algunos datos acerca de la participación de los dominicos en los trabajos preparatorios; d) En cuarto lugar, teniendo en cuenta los protagonistas -padres conciliares, peritos, expertos privados-, se ofrecen elementos relativos a la presencia y actuación de los dominicos en las sesiones conciliares. En cada etapa se mencionan los temas que no han sido aún suficientemente estudiados y se sugieren aquéllos que merecerían una verificación o mayor profundización. Finalmente, a modo de conclusión, se intenta responder a la pregunta de si es posible reconocer, más allá de los aportes personales, un aporte de la Orden de Predicadores en el Concilio. La respuesta se busca a partir del reconocimiento de la impronta “tomista” presente en algunos de los textos conciliares y más concretamente en Gaudium et Spes.
El Concilio Vaticano II y la Pastoral Popular
Authors: Amuchástegui María Mercedes
Published: February 2023

Ya hacia finales del siglo XIX se observaron en Argentina intentos de una pastoral orientada a lo “popular” pero fue recién luego de la renovación que supuso el Concilio Vaticano II que la idea de un plan pastoral de conjunto fue asumida por la jerarquía eclesial que creó la COEPAL (Comisión Episcopal de Pastoral). El trabajo de dicho organismo y la consecuente reflexión teológica derivada de su labor evangelizadora, fueron afectados tanto por los cambios profundos en el interior de la Iglesia Católica como por las convulsiones políticas y sociales de una Argentina que recorrió el largo arco que va desde la proscripción del peronismo hasta los estertores de la última dictadura militar. En el trabajo se propone estudiar, desde una perspectiva histórica, los orígenes de la pastoral popular y su consecuente reflexión a través de los documentos episcopales así como a partir de los escritos teológicopastorales de Lucio Gera y de Rafael Tello, quienes fueran sus principales exponentes. A su vez se intentará conocer el contexto en el cuál dicha reflexión se configuró, en el que la constante parecía ser el cambio y su posterior aplicación en el marco del retorno de la democracia y el pontificado de Juan Pablo II.
Latin America and the Caribbean: trade relations in the face of global geopolitical fragmentation risks
Authors: Campos Rodolfo , Timini Jacopo
Published: February 2023

Rationale

A geopolitical fragmentation of world trade, i.e. the emergence of two blocs that restrict trade with countries in the other bloc, has recently become a more likely prospect. How does this geopolitical risk affect the trade and economic outlook for Latin America and the Caribbean?

Takeaways

•Countries in Latin America and the Caribbean differ in terms of both their trade openness and the geographical structure of their trade.

•They are therefore heterogeneously exposed to the risk of geopolitically fragmented trade.

•We quantify each country’s exposure and analyse how Latin America can harness greater trade integration with the European Union to reduce the costs of a potential fragmentation of world trade.
Eternal Torments in the Westminster Confession
Authors: Hood Jared
Published: February 2023

The Westminster Confession’s teaching on ‘eternal torments’ has nuances that need to be explored, and the historical context can be brought into sharper focus. Despite an almost deceptive simplicity, the chapters are contextually poignant. Also considered is just how vital eternal torments and eschatology are to the document. Puritanical eschatological expectation was rife in the 1630s and 40s, and Christ’s return was held to be the principal issue, so chs 32–33 are no mere addendum. The proposal is that eschatology, with eternal torments, forms one of the Confession’s metanarratives and is a contender for that which has architectonic status. Eschatology is woven throughout. It is an eschatological Confession.
JOHN THROUGH OLD TESTAMENT EYES: A Background and Application Commentary
Authors: Pakula Martin
Published: February 2023

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PREACHING WITHOUT FEAR OR FAVOUR: Previously Unpublished Sermons on Hebrews 11
Authors: Barnes Peter
Published: February 2023

By Robert Bruce, edited by David Searle (Fearn: Christian Heritage, 2019), 624pp., hbk, £29.99.

ISBN 9781527103634
MISSIONARY BAPTISM & EVANGELICAL UNITY: An Historical, Theological, Pastoral Enquiry
Authors: Ward Rowland
Published: February 2023

By J. Cameron Fraser (Eugene: Wipf & Stock, 2021), 126pp., US$20.00.

ISBN 9781666725414
Simulation and Prediction of Groundwater Dynamics in Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal (NSRC) Command for Normal and Extreme Groundwater Recharge Conditions
Authors: Babu R. Ganesh , Babu G. Ravi , Mani A. , Rani P. Prasuna , Rao V. Srinivasa
Published: February 2023

Groundwater Modeling is the best tool to optimize the different combinations and to select the best combination for sustainable groundwater management. Using computer models, best solution or scenario can optimize by creating model with real conditions. In this study, computer model Visual MODFLOW was applied to Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal Command area to simulate the groundwater dynamics. The net area irrigated under Nagarjuna Sagar Right Canal is 4.75 lakh ha. The aquifer properties of various layers and boundary conditions were fed in to the model as input for calibration and validation of the model. After calibration and validation, the model was used to predict the groundwater dynamics in the study area using different recharge scenarios. The validated groundwater model was used to predict the groundwater levels in the study area for the years 2020, 2030 and 2040 with different recharge scenarios. Global climate model was used to generate future weather data. MarkSim developed by the International Centre for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT) was used to generate the weather parameters like maximum and minimum temperatures for the years 2020, 2030 and 2040. The different recharge scenarios with average, lowest and highest recharge over the study period and projected evapotranspiration have been used and revealed that the groundwater levels increase with the increase in recharge and decreases with the decrease in recharge. The results revealed that the groundwater depleted area would decrease with the highest recharge scenario and it would increase with the lowest recharge scenario in future. The deeper groundwater table would be expected in future at Chimakurthy and Thalluru villages of Prakasam district and Karempudi and Piduguralla villages of Guntur district in the study area. This condition may be due to the excess utilization of groundwater which is less than the groundwater recharge in particular villages. The construction of rainwater harvesting structures for artificial groundwater recharge in those areas should be carried out immediately.
A Promising Habitat Space for Blackbucks Antilope cervicapra Delimited by Declining Open Grassland Tracts and Increasing Tall Vegetations
Authors: Kumar C. Vinay , Kumara Vijaya
Published: February 2023

This study was carried out in four consecutive years (2017–2020) to evaluate how increased tall vegetation growth changed the promising nature of open grassland habitat for blackbucks in Basur Amruth Mahal Kaval Blackbuck Conservation Reserve with an area of 7.36km2 . Based on facts that blackbucks avoid tall and thick vegetations and prefer only plain tracts for anti-predator benefits, our investigation gained curiosity on their activities of choosing bed down/resting behaviour locations inside and the outside their natural habitat. The focus of the study was to understand evolving behavioural adaptations of blackbuck herds against increasing habitat edges and predation pressures by utilizing the locally available open areas of agricultural crop fields outside their home ranges. Predation by leopards (0.407 individuals per sq. km) on blackbuck found predominant in this area probably at the habitat edges. The number of locally emigrating individuals made significant rise (x = 112, 0.047, 0.07) and gradual rise in the other elements. Vegetation control measures should be taken for providing healthy and promising open grassland habitat for blackbucks.
Photocatalytic Degradation of Phenol-red Over Sb2 S3 – Graphene Oxide composite
Authors: Sharma Khushbu , Jaiswal Shubham , Surana Archana , Jhala Yuvraj Kunwar
Published: February 2023

The photocatalytic degradation of phenol red has been studied in the presence of Sb2 S3 -graphene oxide (GO) as a composite photocatalyst. The composite was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis (FESEM), Energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) analyses. The XRD patterns indicated the formation of cubic inverse spinel structure and average particle size was found to be 14.26 nm. The photocatalytic activity of Sb2 S3 -GO was evaluated in photodegradation of phenol red dye under visible light. The effect of various parameters such as pH, the concentration of dye, amount of semiconductor and light intensity on the rate of degradation was also studied. Oxygen molecule radical anion was considered responsible for oxidative photodegradation of phenol red. A tentative mechanism has been proposed for this reaction.
Prevalence of Citrus Canker caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri. in Eastern and Northern region of Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: Singh Prashant , Singh Prashant Kumar , Patel Shyam Kishor , Thapa Sukram , Shivajyothi N.
Published: February 2023

Bacterial canker is one of the most common citrus diseases, causing widespread losses throughout the citrus growing regions of the world, including India. Madhya Pradesh is one among the leading states in India for citrus production. Therefore, to Keep track of the disease prevalence on lime, lemon, malta, grapefruit, and other citrus fruits, a survey was conducted in eastern (Baghelkhand) and northern (Gird) regions of Madhya Pradesh during the months of February to March 2022. Various crucial data were collected on disease severity (percentage) and disease incidence (percentage). During the survey, disease incidence was recorded from 0% to 40% range, and disease severity from 0% to 37%, with a maximum mean disease incidence (36.5%) and severity (34%), respectively, in Chinor tahsil of Gwalior district and a minimum disease incidence (18%) and severity (17.3%) in Satna district of Madhya Pradesh. Disease samples of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv.citri were collected from various villages in the chosen district during the survey (Turari, Bhanduli, Khohar, Ambha, and Panihar). After three days of purification, all five isolates showed a light yellow to yellow colour, a mucoid surface, and a circular colony with a diameter of 4 to 5.5 mm. The biochemical characteristics of bacterial isolates subjected to various biochemical tests, including the catalase test, KOH solubility test, H2 S production, and Gram reaction, were studied. All isolates were positive in catalase, KOH solubility, and H2 S production tests, but negative in Gram’s reaction. The virulence behaviour of the isolates, namely Xacl, Xac2, Xac3, Xac4, and Xac5, was diagnosed during the pathogenicity test by spraying the isolate suspension on the citrus plant. Symptoms appear 12-17 days after inoculation with a different isolate. Lesions appear on the leaf’s bottom surface as small, translucent, round spots. A yellow halo surrounded the lesions. Isolate Xac3 develops water-soaked lesions on the leaves 12 days after inoculation. Other isolates, such as Xac4, had low virulence, with symptoms showing up after16days.Xac1, Xac2, and Xac5 were all partially virulent isolates.
Effect of rice husk mulching on germination percentage, yield and economics of pea (Makhyatmubi) Pisum sativum L.
Authors: Abonmai Tabuiliu , Dev Ksh. Manishwari , Arche A. Abel , Singh M.S.
Published: February 2023

Mulch can effectively minimize water vapour loss, soil erosion, weed problems and nutrient loss. Modification of soil microclimate by mulching favours seedling emergence and root proliferation. Organic mulches add nutrients to the soil when decomposed by microbes in the soil. A field experiment was conducted during the rabi season of 2018 and the treatments comprised of one control (T1 -no mulch) and six levels of rice husk mulching viz, T2 (10q/ha), T3 (20q/ha), T4 (30q/ha), T5 (40q/ha), T6 (50q/ha)and T7 (60q/ ha) were laid out in RBD with three replications. The application of rice husk mulching 60q/ha (T7 ) had significant effect on the germination percentage of the crop. The highest number of pods, pods per plant and longest pod length were recorded in the treatment of rice husk mulching with 60q/ha (T7 ). The test weight was found to be non-significant. With respect to economics of yield production in pea, higher gross returns, net returns and returns per rupee invested (B:C ratio) was obtained by 60q/ha rice husk mulching as compared to the other treatments. From the present investigation it was observed that pea was found to perform better in rice husk mulching of 60q/ha.
Impact of climatic factors and vector population on incidence of Phyllody in Sesame under rainfed cultivation
Authors: R Saritha , V. Sujatha , Abm Sirisha , K. Haseena S.
Published: February 2023

Phyllody is a severe disease caused by a phytoplasma and transmitted by leaf hopper, Orosius albicinctus Distant is a major controlling factor in accomplishing full yield potential of the sesame crop. Sesame crop was grown during kharif season of the year 2018 and 2019 with three sowing dates to investigate the influence of vector population and climate variability on occurrence of phyllody and the pooled data was analyzed. Studies on correlation of leaf hopper population and climatic factors indicated that, the leaf hopper population evinced significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r=0.775), minimum temperature (r=0.525) and mean temperature (r=0.7), while, non-significant negative correlation with minimum relative humidity (r=-0.3), mean relative humidity(r =-0.41) and significant negative correlation with maximum relative humidity (r=-0.524) and rainfall (r =-0.55). Among the three sowing dates, the highest population was observed in the crop sown during first fortnight of June followed by crop sown during the second fortnight of June and first fortnight of May. Correlation between the climatic factors and phyllody incidence has indicated that the phyllody exhibited significant positive correlation with maximum temperature (r=0.709), minimum temperature (r=0.535) and mean temperature (r=0.705) while, non-significant negative correlation with maximum relative humidity (r=-0.445), minimum relative humidity (r=-0.242), mean relative humidity(r=-0.338) and significant negative correlation with rainfall (r=-0.565). Phyllody incidence was highest in the crop sown in the second fortnight of May, incidence was significantly decreased with delayed sowing in both the years. It was also revealed that the vector population had significant positive correlation with the phyllody incidence (r=0.979). Variation in yield realization was also observed owing to dates of sowing. Higher yields were recorded in the crop sown during first fortnight of June (372.2 kg/ha) and second fortnight of May (365.5 kg/ha) compared the to crop sown during second fortnight of June (298.6 kg/ha).
Control exhaust emissions of insulated diesel engine fuelled with biogas and cottonseed biodiesel
Authors: Krishna B. Rama , Krishna M.V.S. Murali , Sri P. Usha
Published: February 2023

Gaseous fuels have many advantages than liquid fuels, as their calorific values of fuels are high, pollutants emitted by gaseous fuels are low and less dangerous when compared with liquid fuels. The drawbacks associated with use of vegetable oils in diesel engines such as high viscosity and low volatility can be reduced to some extent by converting them into biodiesel. However, they (biodiesel) cause combustion problems in diesel engine, due to their moderate viscosity, and hence call for low heat rejection (LHR) engine, which can burn low calorific value fuel, give high heat release rate and faster rate of combustion. The concept of LHR engine is to minimize heat loss to the coolant, thereby increasing thermal efficiency. LHR engine in this investigation consisted of ceramic coated diesel engine. They are many methods toinduct gaseous fuels such as port injection, carburetion technique, injection of gaseous fuel at the near endof compression stroke etc,. Investigations were carried out with biogas gas as primary fuel inducted by port injection and cottonseed biodiesel was injected into the engine in conventional manner, as India is second large producer of cottonseed oil in the world. Particulate matter (PM), oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon mono oxide (CO) levels and un-burnt hydro carbons (UBHC) are the exhaust emissions from a diesel engine. They cause health hazards, once they are inhaled in. They also cause environmental effects like Green-house effect and Global Warming. Hence control of these emissions is an immediate effect and an urgent step. The pollutants of PM, NOx ,CO and UBHC were determined at full load operation of the engine with varied injection timing such as recommended injection timing and optimum injection timing. NOx levels were reduced with provision of exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) at optimum flow rate of 10%. The maximum induction of biogas with conventional engine (CE) was 35% of total mass of biodiesel as full load operation, while it was 45% with LHR engine. Particulate emissions were determined by AVL Smoke meter, while other emissions were measured by Netel Chromatograph multi-gas analyzer at full load operation. These pollutants were drastically reduced with induction of biogas and further reduced with advanced injection timing. NOx levels drastically reduced with EGR.
Influence of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Amendments on Okra Growth, Yield, Quality and Economics
Authors: Sati Umesh Chandra , Raghav Manoj , Yadav Lavlesh , Singh Neeraj , Sati Kailash
Published: February 2023

To evaluate the influence of organic and inorganic nitrogen amendments on okra, field experimental trials were conducted during summer seasons of year 2016 and 2017 at Vegetable Research Centre, G.B. Pant University of Agriculture & Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand with fourteen treatment combinations of nitrogen through organic (FYM and Vermicompost) and inorganic sources (Urea and Neem coated urea) along with one control treatment. The experiment was laid out in Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications and the observations on various growth, yield, quality and economic parameters were recorded. Among all other treatments, treatment T4 (RDN- 100% through neem coated urea) proved to be economically best as per benefit: cost ratio, while treatments T10 (RDN- 100% through NCU + 2.5 t/ha Vermicompost) and T6 (RDN- 75% through neem coated urea + 25% through Vermicompost) were found best with regards to increase in productivity of okra with optimum net returns, hence recommended for the present agro-climatic conditions..
Interrelationship among elite germplasm of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) at genotypic and phenotypic level
Authors: Khedkar Prasad D. , Janeja Harmeet Singh , Delvadiya Indrajay R. , Talekar Nilesh
Published: February 2023

The experiment was conducted to work out variability, heritability, genetic advance and interrelationship using twelve genotypes of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). GCV and PCV were highest for number of fruits per vine; whereas lowest estimate was recorded for days to first harvesting and days to last harvesting. The high heritability showed by vine length and number of fruit per vine and as compare to other characters, whereas days to last harvesting, showed lower value of heritability. Genetic advance in percentage of mean was found highest for number of fruits per vine show that these characters are under the control of additive gene action and that environmental factors have a lesser influence on the expression of these traits, thus further development of these traits through direct selection. The path coefficient analysis revealed high and positive direct is possible effect on fruit weight and days to last harvesting. As a result, these traits turned out to be important components of fruit yield thus direct selection effective via these two traits.
Effects of Sand Mining on Riverine Ecosystem and Otter Habitat in Kudli, Tungabhadra River
Authors: Dhananjaya R. , Kumara Vijaya
Published: February 2023

The Tungabhadra River in Karnataka has a significant amount of sand mining activity. With a growing demand for sand reflecting rapid urbanization and population growth, regulation has proven difficult leading to exploitation with serious environmental implications. Sand mining is a generic term referring to the process of extraction of sand from rivers, streams, lakes, and oceans. Illegal and unregulated sand mining would threaten the biodiversity of the river, and such alarming events were seen in almost all parts of the river Tungabhadra. The Tungabhadra River hosts India’s only otter conservation reserve, to conserve vulnerable species of smooth-coated otter. Furthermore, the TB River has significant habitat for a viable otter population along the entire length of the river. A study was conducted from June 2017 to January 2020 in 10 randomly selected stations with 31 sites. During the survey, we came across many threats to the otters, viz., pollution conflicts with fishermen, habitat deterioration by human activity, and so on. Among these factors, sand mining stands out to be the most disastrous to the survival of otter’s habitat. Among the 31 sampled sites, only 1 site was chosen called Kudli, which is examined, studied, and discussed in this paper.
PAUL AS THE PROTOTYPE FOR MISSION AND MOTIVES AS A MEANS OF SPIRITUAL TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP
Authors: Otieno Oketch Rev. Samuel
Published: February 2023

Transformational Spiritual leadership is leadership that respects the engaging nearness of the Holy Spirit.1Profound leaders are people who are being driven by the Spirit to play out a mission that has been consigned by the Spirit. This affectability to the Spirit shapes their points of view and prompts their strategies. The after effects of spiritual leadership reflect the “fruit of the Holy Spirit.” When the Spirit drives a leader, the leader’s and moreover his or her disciples' states of mind and practices are described by affection, delight, peace, tolerance, generosity, goodness, delicacy, and discretion.
DYNAMICS OF FOOD SUPPLY POLICIES IN THE MIDDLE OF ISRAELI-PALESTINIAN CONFLICT
Authors: Bdeer Phd Sarhan
Published: February 2023

The long-lasting conflict between Israel and the Palestinians led to many consequences, unwanted by both sides. Both intentional and unintentional policy decisions brought about extreme security measures taken by Israel which heavily influence Israeli and Palestinian economics and welfare, especially the food market and trade. Right now, it is very hard to trade from both sides since there are too many restrictions, regulations and rules. 

Public policies in the issues called controlling hurt not only the markets, but the country system itself as public policies have made a very hard criteria to match while trading, especially in the food market, and it led to major losses in welfare on both sides. Moreover, policies that are intended to deal with supply and demand are constantly in a danger zone because of the everlasting conflict, which have major impacts on economy as a whole, and particularly food markets. Examples of such disasters are the following: leaking of nuclear energy and natural disasters and significant changes in the geopolitical arena which leaves both sides uncertain about their future.
INSÉCURITÉ ET BILINGUISME DANS LE SUD-OUEST CAMEROUN: ANALYSE DES INTERACTIONS NUMÉRIQUES AUTOUR D’UN CAS INÉDIT D’ENLÈVEMENT D’ÉTUDIANTS
Authors: Nguemo Kengmo Joseph , Djiala Mellie Diderot
Published: February 2023

In Cameroon, the current crisis affecting the two Anglophone regions strongly influences media and language people use to communicate. This paper focuses on the bilingual interaction amongst ASTI students in their shared WhatsApp group at a moment when one of their mates has just been kidnapped by unidentified individuals. The corpus analyzed is thus part of messages shared by those seeking solutions to the release of their mate. Our study is meant to be qualitative, using methodological tools of conversation analysis as well as the sociolinguistic theory related to language use in context. We aim to investigate the use of the two linguistic codes, especially English and French, within the body of the conversation about kidnapping. The paper begins with an overview of the usefulness of  communication in social media in the context of crisis and follows with analysis of the  alternate use of English and French by group members, and lastly, we assess how borrowing  and code-switching used by the group members accommodate with the bilingualism promoted  by the State of Cameroon. Our main conclusion is that the mixed use of English and French in the same body of conversation must in our context be regarded as a sign of cohesion, solidarity or togetherness amongst speakers.
L’ECONOMIE FUNEBRE ET FUNERAIRE EN PAYS BAMILEKE (OUEST CAMEROUN): FACTEUR DE NOUVELLES DYNAMIQUES SOCIALES
Authors: Noel Kaze Beaudelaire
Published: February 2023

L’intrusion des nouvelles visions, des manières de voir le monde à Travers des canons du christianisme et autres avatars tels la mondialisation et le multiculturalisme en pays bamiléké ont notoirement altéré la réalité culturelle de ces derniers. Le deuil, les funérailles et bien d’autres rites locaux ont évolués prenant tantôt des allures de discrédit, tantôt de rayonnement, relatif pour la majorité aux grandes mutations sociales d’après les indépendances surtout d’un point de vu d’actualité. Ces nouvelles manières de faire on engendrer un important flux économiques autour des pratiques funèbres et funéraires bamiléké. La question centrale ici mise en exergue est celle de savoir: comment les pratiques funèbres et funéraires constituent-elles de nouvelles opportunités économiques chez les

Bamiléké de l’Ouest Cameroun? Dès lors, La méthodologie de cette analyse est sou tendu par l’exploitation documentaire ayant permis de saisir la littérature sur la question. Les enquêtes ethnologiques et anthropologiques de terrain auprès de personnes ressources ont permis la collecte des données empiriques sur les sites même de ces pratiques qui se présente comme fleuron d’une économie en plein essor chez les Bamiléké.à terme, Il s’est avéré que les cérémonies funèbres et funéraires bamiléké sont aujourd’hui des émulateurs à n’en plus douter d’une économie sans cesse croissante. Outre, cette neo-economie mortuaire s’adosse sur des échanges commerciales de natures variées  tel que les petits commerces, les trafics routiers, les prestations de services (logistiques) et autres tractations financières non moins ressente qui participent au renforcement de ce point de l’industrie mortuaire en pays bamiléké  aujourd’hui plus qu’hier. D’ailleurs, il faut dire que cette économie, non sans empiéter la forme de ces cérémonies d’antan participe de leurs revitalisations dans ces territoires pour la majorité rurales
INTERNATIONAL CHALLENGES OF EMPOWERING MINORITIES IN THE POST-SOVIET SATELLITE STATES OF EASTERN EUROPE
Authors: Kenedy Fonju (Ph.D) Dr. Njuafac
Published: February 2023

The present paper deals with the challenges of minorities in the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) of the former Union of the Soviet Socialist Republic (USSR) following its disintegration in 1991.It begins by outlining the origins of what constitute the politics of empowerment as ushered by the two main international organizations of the 20th Century as the League of Nations and the United Nations Organisations which were created in the aftermaths of the First and Second World Wars of 1914-18 and 1939-45 respectively witnessed failures due to the arbitrary demarcations and redrawing the Map of Eastern and Western Europe as well as those of Africa and Asian Continents suitable for the colonial ambitions of European imperialist actors. The article traces three different phases of interventions before the end of the Cold War, a clear statistical table of the composition of the newly independent states confronted with varieties of crisis which can link to the blink of another World War especially the cases of Moldova and Ukraine as case studies in this study having sporadic National Liberation Movements. In order to properly tackle this situation, a historical approach was deemed necessary by linking the question of empowering national minorities to the question of National Liberation Movements in Eastern Europe with specific cases indicated. This study ends by bringing out the estimated population of each of the newly independent states which was left behind with multi-ethnic and multi-racial in nature till the present 21st Century. That multi-culturally of the fifteen CIS have been the main causes of some of the sporadic social and political uprisings which the hyper-powers of the century uses it as an advantage to gain more preeminence which likely acts as dangerous threat to the blink of another global escalation as the cases of the Balkans and Poland during the first half of the 20th Century.