bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis, Leishmanicidal Activity and Theoretical Evaluations of a Series of Substituted bis-2-Hydroxy-1,4-Naphthoquinones
Authors: De Araújo Morgana , De Souza Patricia , De Queiroz Aline , Da Matta Carolina , Leite Anderson , Da Silva Amanda , De França José , Silva Tania , Camara Celso , Alexandre-Moreira Magna
Published: September 2014

A series of eight substituted bis-2-hydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives was synthesized through lawsone condensation with various aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes under mild acidic conditions. The title compounds were evaluated for antileishmanial activity in vitro against Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis promastigotes; six compounds showed good activity without significant toxic effects. The compound with the highest activity was used for an in vivo assay with Leishmania amazonensis.
Correction: Guo, Q.; et al. Comparison of in Situ and ex Situ Methods for Synthesis of Two-Photon Polymerization Polymer Nanocomposites. Polymers 2014, 6, 2037–2050
Authors: Guo Qingchuan , Ghadiri Reza , Weigel Thomas , Aumann Andreas , Gurevich Evgeny , Esen Cemal , Medenbach Olaf , Cheng Wei , Chichkov Boris , Ostendorf Andreas
Published: September 2014

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [1]. [...]
Narrowband Bio-Indicator Monitoring of Temperate Forest Carbon Fluxes in Northeastern China
Authors: Yu Quanzhou , Wang Shaoqiang , Mickler Robert , Huang Kun , Zhou Lei , Yan Huimin , Chen Diecong , Han Shijie
Published: September 2014

Developments in hyperspectral remote sensing techniques during the last decade have enabled the use of narrowband indices to evaluate the role of forest ecosystem variables in estimating carbon (C) fluxes. In this study, narrowband bio-indicators derived from EO-1 Hyperion data were investigated to determine whether they could capture the temporal variation and estimate the spatial variability of forest C fluxes derived from eddy covariance tower data. Nineteen indices were divided into four categories of optical indices: broadband, chlorophyll, red edge, and light use efficiency. Correlation tests were performed between the selected vegetation indices, gross primary production (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Re). Among the 19 indices, five narrowband indices (Chlorophyll Index RedEdge 710, scaled photochemical reflectance index (SPRI)*enhanced vegetation index (EVI), SPRI*normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), MCARI/OSAVI[705, 750] and the Vogelmann Index), and one broad band index (EVI) had R-squared values with a good fit for GPP and Re. The SPRI*NDVI has the highest significant coefficients of determination with GPP and Re (R2 = 0.86 and 0.89, p < 0.0001, respectively). SPRI*NDVI was used in atmospheric inverse modeling at regional scales for the estimation of C fluxes. We compared the GPP spatial patterns inversed from our model with corresponding results from the Vegetation Photosynthesis Model (VPM), the Boreal Ecosystems Productivity Simulator model, and MODIS MOD17A2 products. The inversed GPP spatial patterns from our model of SPRI*NDVI had good agreement with the output from the VPM model. The normalized difference nitrogen index was well correlated with measured C net ecosystem exchange. Our findings indicated that narrowband bio-indicators based on EO-1 Hyperion images could be used to predict regional C flux variations for Northeastern China’s temperate broad-leaved Korean pine forest ecosystems.
The Adsorption of Ochratoxin A by Lactobacillus Species
Authors: Piotrowska Małgorzata
Published: September 2014

The objective of this study was to examine ochratoxin A (OTA) binding by three lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species: Lactobacillus plantarum, L. brevis, and L. sanfranciscensis. Experiments were conducted using MRS medium and PBS buffer contaminated with 1000 ng/mL OTA and inoculated with live or thermally inactivated bacterial biomass at a concentration of 1 or 5 mg dry weight/mL. It was found that, depending on the strain and biomass density, live bacterial cells reduced OTA content by 16.9% to 35% in MRS medium and by 14.8% to 26.4% in PBS after 24 h of contact. OTA binding was higher in the case of thermally inactivated bacterial biomass (46.2% to 59.8%). The process is very rapid: OTA was removed from PBS as early as after 30 min of contact. The binding of the toxin by cells was partially reversible under the treatment by water and 1 M HCl. The results show that OTA is adsorbed to the surface structures of the cell wall, which is promoted not only by the hydrophobic properties of the cell wall, but also by electron donor-acceptor and Lewis acid-base interactions.
Informatic system for a global tissue–fluid biorepository with a graph theory–oriented graphical user interface
Authors: Butler William E. , Atai Nadia , Carter Bob , Hochberg Fred
Published: September 2014

The Richard Floor Biorepository supports collaborative studies of extracellular vesicles (EVs) found in human fluids and tissue specimens. The current emphasis is on biomarkers for central nervous system neoplasms but its structure may serve as a template for collaborative EV translational studies in other fields. The informatic system provides specimen inventory tracking with bar codes assigned to specimens and containers and projects, is hosted on globalized cloud computing resources, and embeds a suite of shared documents, calendars, and video‐conferencing features. Clinical data are recorded in relation to molecular EV attributes and may be tagged with terms drawn from a network of externally maintained ontologies thus offering expansion of the system as the field matures. We fashioned the graphical user interface (GUI) around a web‐based data visualization package. This system is now in an early stage of deployment, mainly focused on specimen tracking and clinical, laboratory, and imaging data capture in support of studies to optimize detection and analysis of brain tumour–specific mutations. It currently includes 4,392 specimens drawn from 611 subjects, the majority with brain tumours. As EV science evolves, we plan biorepository changes which may reflect multi‐institutional collaborations, proteomic interfaces, additional biofluids, changes in operating procedures and kits for specimen handling, novel procedures for detection of tumour‐specific EVs, and for RNA extraction and changes in the taxonomy of EVs. We have used an ontology‐driven data model and web‐based architecture with a graph theory–driven GUI to accommodate and stimulate the semantic web of EV science.
Staff experience and attitudes towards Technology Enhanced Learning initiatives in one Faculty of Health & Life Sciences
Authors: Reed Peter
Published: September 2014

Further to earlier work carried out by the student union (SU) along with strategic discussions regarding technology-enhanced learning (TEL), this research aimed to identify the attitudes and experience of teaching staff in relation to specific uses of technology in learning and teaching. Data obtained through an online questionnaire (n=100) suggest that teaching staff are generally agreeable to the need for consistency in the virtual learning environment and identify specific criteria to be included within ‘minimum standards’; have some experience and interest in solutions to enable online submission, marking and feedback; and whilst there is more resistance, there was still interest in the provision of recorded lectures. Respondents overwhelmingly identified lack of time as a significant barrier to engaging with TEL, as well as other factors such as lack of skills and support.Keywords: attitudes; experience; TEL; minimum standards; lecture capture; online submission; e-marking(Published: 22 September 2014)Citation: Research in Learning Technology 2014, 22: 22770 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/rlt.v22.22770
CYCLE LANES: THEIR EFFECT ON DRIVER PASSING DISTANCES IN URBAN AREAS
Authors: Stewart Kathryn , McHale Adrian
Published: September 2014

The current literature in the field of cycle lanes has often shown contradictory evidence as to the benefits and risks of cycle lanes and previous work has specifically shown that on higher speed roads, drivers may pass closer to a cyclist when a cycle lane is present. Utilising an instrumented bicycle, we collected information as to the passing distance demonstrated by drivers when overtaking a cyclist within the urban (30 mph/40 mph) environment. The presented analysis shows that when a driver encounters a cyclist mid-block (i.e. not at a junction), there are more significant variables than the presence of a cycle lane that determines the overtaking distance. The three most significant variables identified are: absolute road width, the presence of nearside parking and the presence of an opposing vehicle at the time of an overtaking manoeuvre. The analysis also demonstrated that there is a larger unknown factor when it comes to overtaking distances. We postulate that this unknown variable is the driver himself and will vary by area, site and even time of day (i.e. different driving cultures, congestion, or frustration during peak times, etc.) making it difficult to quantify.
THE EFFICIENCY OF VEHICLE MONITORING LOCATIONS FOR A VOLUNTARY TRAVEL DEMAND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
Authors: Ko Joonho , Kim Daejin , Sin Heung Gweon , Lee Seungjae
Published: September 2014

As many people are concerned about sustainable urban transportation systems, Travel Demand Management (TDM) is getting more attention as a viable option to reduce automobile dependency on an efficient way. Especially, voluntary participation-based TDM by offering incentives has been applied in many cities in recent years. The city of Seoul with 10 million population is offering incentives including an annual vehicle tax discount to increase the participation of Weekly No-driving Day (WND) program, a voluntary TDM program encouraging drivers to leave their cars home at least one weekday a week. The compliance of the program rule is monitored by Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) systems. In this study, to check the efficiency of the RFID monitoring system, the flow capturing location model is utilized to evaluate the adequateness of the RFID reader locations. Also, this paper proposes an optimal detection rate for the WND program based on economic evaluation results in consideration of costs and benefits of the program.
Differentiating Pediatric Bipolar Spectrum Disorders from Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Sala Regina , Gill Mary Kay , Birmaher Boris
Published: September 2014

Given the persistence and rapid changes of symptoms in youth with bipolar spectrum disorder (BPSD) and its effects on normal development and psychosocial functioning, prompt identification and treatment of BPSD in youth are warranted. However, it is often difficult to differentiate BPSD from other common childhood disorders, particularly attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, because some symptoms overlap. Moreover, both disorders are frequently comorbid and each may affect the course and response to treatment of the other disorder, making their differentiation challenging. Therefore, the aims of this article are to review the differential diagnoses between BPSD and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and to recommend that the best way to distinguish these two disorders is by thorough assessment of their clinical course. In addition, the effects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder on the course of BPSD are reviewed.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2014; 44(9):410–415.]
Number, Severity, and Quality of Symptoms Discriminate Early-Onset Bipolar Disorder from Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
Authors: Post Robert M. , Findling Robert L. , Luckenbaugh David A.
Published: September 2014

Because more than one quarter of adults with bipolar disorder in the United States started showing symptoms before age 13 years and such early onset carries a poor prognosis into adulthood, it is important to recognize the illness early and treat it effectively. Because of the high comorbidity of childhood onset bipolar disorder with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), diagnosis is often difficult. To reveal the earliest prodromal symptoms, we had the parents of children with a clear-cut diagnosis of bipolar disorder or ADHD at an average age of 9 years rate the symptoms that occurred in each year of their child’s life. Following our previous report of decreased sleep and periods of mood elevation discriminating the two groups, we now report that a greater number of dysfunctional symptoms emerged more rapidly in the children who developed bipolar disorder compared to those who developed ADHD. In addition to a positive family history of bipolar illness, the more fulminant onset of multiple manic and dyscontrol symptoms outside of the domain of ADHD provides another clue to a bipolar diagnosis in very young children.

[
Psychiatr Ann
. 2014; 44(9):416–422.]
Sleep Disturbance, Nocturnal Agitation Behaviors, and Medical Comorbidity in Older Adults With Dementia: Relationship to Reported Caregiver Burden
Authors: Kim Suk-Sun , Oh Kyeung Mi , Richards Kathy
Published: September 2014

The purpose of this secondary analysis study was to determine whether care recipients’ nighttime sleep patterns, medical comorbidity, observed nocturnal agitation behaviors, and caregivers’ perceptions of nocturnal agitation behaviors in care recipients with dementia are associated with caregiver burden. Sixty care recipient–caregiver dyads, comprising older adults with geriatrician-diagnosed dementia living at home with caregivers, participated. Caregivers’ perceptions of the frequency of care recipients’ nocturnal agitation behaviors were associated with caregiver burden; however, objective, real-time data on the frequency of nocturnal agitation behaviors were not associated with burden. Care recipients’ increased minutes of wakefulness before falling asleep and severe cognitive impairment with musculoskeletal/integument and neurological comorbidities were associated with higher caregiver burden. These results suggest that targeted interventions to reduce sleep onset latency, medical comorbidity, and caregivers’ perception of frequency of nocturnal behaviors may reduce caregiver burden.
[Res Gerontol Nurs. 2014; 7(5):206–214.]
Service-Driven Computing
Authors: Ramanathan Raja
Published: September 2014

Information technology is rapidly evolving to facilitate the design, development, and implementation of the next generation of architectural practices, tools, and techniques that will enable smart services and seamless enterprise integration. Service-Driven Computing involves the use of software services that conform to service architectural paradigms, such as Service-Oriented and Resource-Oriented Architectures, to drive computing solutions that enable building massively distributed software systems for this new generation of applications. Although services can promote agile, flexible, and extensible applications, service invocations can be subject to network latency, network failure, and distributed system failures. Moreover, service configurations are likely to change over time. This chapter explores the challenges in service-driven computing relating to composing adaptive services dynamically, supporting context-awareness and autonomic capabilities in services, verification of dynamic service compositions, and extending the service-driven paradigm to the Cloud. Along the way, contributions from researchers on potential solutions to these challenges are identified and discussed.
Dynamic Reconfiguration of Component-Based Systems
Authors: Clark Tony , Barn Balbir S. , Kulkarni Vinay
Published: September 2014

Component-based approaches generalize basic object-oriented implementations by allowing large collections of objects to be grouped together and externalized in terms of public interfaces. A typical component-based system will include a large number of interacting components. Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) organizes a system in terms of components that communicate via services. Components publish services that they implement as business processes. Consequently, a change to a single component can have a ripple effect on the service-driven system. Component reconfiguration is motivated by the need to evolve the component architecture and can take a number of forms. The authors define a dynamic architecture as one that supports changing the behavior and topology of existing components without stopping, updating, and redeploying the system. This chapter addresses the problem of dynamic reconfiguration of component-based architectures. It proposes a reification approach that represents key features of a language in data, so that a system can reason and dynamically modify aspects of it. The approach is described in terms of a new language called µLEAP and validated by implementing a simple case study.
Dynamic Adaptation in Ubiquitous Services
Authors: Miraoui Moeiz
Published: September 2014

Ubiquitous (or Pervasive) Computing is a new domain in Computer Science resulting from the emergence and evolution of both distributed systems and mobile computing. Technology is moving beyond the personal computer towards a growing trend of embedded microprocessors in everyday objects and is demanding an unobtrusive connectivity between them in order to serve users at anytime and anywhere. The main objective of a ubiquitous computing system is to provide adaptive services proactively, without explicit user intervention and according to the user's current context. Despite interesting previous research works, there is still a lack of software tools and related research in terms of comprehensive context modeling, architecture of context-aware ubiquitous systems, and dynamic adaptation approaches in ubiquitous service computing environments. This chapter proposes a conceptual architecture to provide dynamic adaptability in ubiquitous services based on context-awareness and user preferences. As part of this proposal, the authors detail an ontology-based context modeling approach, a multi-agent architecture to support the development of ubiquitous computing applications, and a case-based reasoning method for service adaptation.
A Semantically Enabled Service Delivery Platform
Authors: Toma Ioan , García José María , Larizgoitia Iker , Fensel Dieter
Published: September 2014

It is expected that virtual factories and enterprises of the future will be able to self-organize in distributed, autonomous, interoperable, non-hierarchical, innovation ecosystems and be dynamically delivered as services, end-to-end along the global value chain. In this scenario, services and service ecosystems become central artifacts, and it is necessary to model and manage them appropriately for automation and scalability. Two main popular architectural approaches for realizing service orientation are WSDL-based SOA and the RESTful style. The level of automation offered by these approaches is limited, and human intervention is required in order to achieve most of the service-related tasks such as discovery, ranking, invocation, and monitoring. In order for service-oriented technologies to scale, they need to offer a significant degree of automation. To address the scalability issues in service composition, this chapter proposes a semantically enabled service-oriented architectural approach (SESA) and its implementation in the form of a platform. The authors detail the principles, models, architecture, and implementation underlying the approach in which lightweight semantics play a central role.
Validating Autonomic Services
Authors: King Tariq M. , Clarke Peter J. , Akour Mohammed , Ganti Annaji S.
Published: September 2014

Autonomic service-driven applications represent a new realm of software that can discover new capabilities, automatically integrate with other systems, and adapt to changing system environmental conditions. For the past many years, researchers and practitioners have been investigating, prototyping, and evaluating these self-configuring, self-healing, self-optimizing, and self-protecting systems. Although validation is expected to play a key role in the success of autonomic systems, there are few works that address this topic. Dynamic adaptation in autonomic software results in structural and behavioral runtime changes, which cannot be validated offline at design-time. Runtime testing has therefore emerged as a possible solution to validating dynamic adaptations in autonomic software. This chapter summarizes the state-of-the-art in runtime testing of autonomic systems, describes key challenges associated with runtime testing, and provides guidelines for integrating runtime testing approaches into autonomic software using self-testing architectures. Finally, directions for future research for validation of autonomic components are discussed.
Adaptive Web Service Composition
Authors: Samir Areeg
Published: September 2014

Service-Oriented Architecture supports sharing resources and transforming business services into a set of linked Web services. Web services rely on non-functional attributes managed through Web Service standards (WS-*) and Quality of Service (QoS) specifications. However, traditionally, the functionality related to QoS and WS-* specifications is scattered and tangled all over the main service code, making the maintenance of these Web services expensive and complex. Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) provides abstraction techniques and language constructs to manage and separate these crosscutting concerns from other parts of the system. This chapter focuses on explaining the concepts of dynamic and adaptive Web service composition and proposes an adaptive Web service architecture to enhance reusability of services using the Aspect-Oriented approach. This approach enables separating crosscutting concerns such as QoS and WS-* specifications in aspect Web services and integrating them with the base Web services on the fly. This architecture is based on AO4BPEL, an aspect-oriented extension to BPEL, which reduces the complexity in dynamic selection and reuse of non-functional attributes. This methodology can facilitate dynamic composition of services and business processes in on-premise and Cloud computing environments.
Discovering Services in Mobile Environments
Authors: Bradai Salma , Khemakhem Sofien , Jmaiel Mohamed
Published: September 2014

Mobile services have gained in importance for their ability to be consumed by mobile users regardless of their location. Mobile consumers are exposed to a large pool of services such as location-based applications, medical information, financial management, investments, and more. However, mobile service discovery needs further research to efficiently and effectively support mobility-related constraints such as availability, heterogeneity, and resource constrained devices. In this chapter, the authors define several criteria relating to mobile service discovery and categorize state-of-the-art service discovery approaches according to those criteria while paying particular attention to architectural choices, service description, and service discovery using semantic and reasoning techniques. The authors evaluate the approaches to identify their advantages and shortcomings and propose guidelines for future research for service discovery in mobile environments.
Service-Driven Computing with APIs
Authors: Jayathilaka Hiranya , Krintz Chandra , Wolski Rich
Published: September 2014

While both SOAP and REST have been used widely to implement Web services and software integration, over time REST has emerged as the predominant approach. REST provides developers with a lower barrier to entry for implementation and greater development flexibility than SOAP. Its architectural conventions and best practices can be integrated into Web services incrementally as opposed to the all-or-nothing adoption of SOAP. In order to achieve generality, SOAP standards are extensive, rigid, and complex. This complexity can lead to implementations that introduce significant overhead on the network bandwidth consumption, execution times, and throughput of SOAP services, especially in the emerging resource-restricted mobile realm. This chapter provides an overview of the logical and physical design of modern Web services and discusses the strengths and weaknesses of the predominant styles. It provides evidence and reasoning behind the emergence of REST as the leader for the development of next-generation Web APIs and services. The chapter also delineates the key technologies that underlie REST and describes emerging and future research directions in support of REST-based APIs and service development.
Cloud Service Brokerage
Authors: Fowley Frank , Pahl Claus , Zhang Li
Published: September 2014

Cloud service brokerage has been identified as a key concern for future Cloud technology research and development. Integration, customization, and aggregation are core functions of a Cloud service broker. The need to cater to horizontal and vertical integration in service description languages, horizontally between different providers and vertically across the different Cloud layers, has been well recognized. In this chapter, the authors propose a conceptual framework for a Cloud service broker in two parts: first, a reference architecture for Cloud service brokers; and second, a rich ontology-based template manipulation framework and operator calculus that describes the mediated and integrated Cloud services, facilitates manipulating their descriptions, and allows both horizontal and vertical dimensions to be covered. Structural aspects of that template are identified, formalized in an ontology, and aligned with the Cloud development and deployment process.
Mobile Learning
Authors: Ntuli Esther , Suh Sylvia
Published: September 2014

Teachers are encouraged to remain current by embracing and integrating new technologies effectively into their teaching processes. Ubiquitous technologies such as mobile devices are found in all settings including K-12 learning environments. This chapter discusses findings from an action research study. The findings reveal that mobile learning is still in its infancy stage in most K-12 learning environments and there is need for effective integration of mobile technologies into the curriculum. This chapter offers suggestions and strategies on how teachers could integrate mobile technologies into teaching and learning processes. Finally, this chapter provides an insight into some of the critical factors that need to be in place to ensure seamless transition, integration, and sustained implementation of mobile learning.
The Laptop, the Tablet, and the Smartphone Attend Lectures
Authors: Tal Hagit Meishar , Kurtz Gila
Published: September 2014

A large number of students bring laptops and other mobile instruments to their lectures. This chapter presents findings of a study that investigated the habits of mobile technology use in class among students. The study probes relations among four elements: (a) mobile technologies available to students in class; (b) students' use of these mobile technologies in class; (c) students' perceptions of these uses (i.e., how they estimate the contribution or damage of the use of these devices during the lecture); and (d) how intensively lecturers engage students via the mobile devices in the students' possession. The findings indicate that the use of mobile computers promotes learning-supportive activities while the use of smartphones encourages distractive activities. The lecturers might not be fully aware of the new phenomenon and, accordingly, do little for their students.
Ambient Learning Conceptual Framework for Bridging Digital Divide in Higher Education
Authors: Mwendia Simon Nyaga , Wagacha Peter Waiganjo , Oboko Robert
Published: September 2014

According to ITU (2012), digital divide is the difference between countries in terms of levels of ICT development. This difference remains significant. In 2011, the ICT Development Index (IDI) value of developed countries (6.52) was twice as high as that of developing countries (3.24). The need to link the digital divide for universal broadband Internet access is within the key international development goals, which include World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS) goals and Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). Ambient learning is the next generation of M-learning (Bick, Kummer, Pawlowski, & Veith, 2007), which allows flexible content access by considering learner's current situation and learning context (Kofod-Petersen, et al., 2008). However, ambient learning has not yet attained a state of common understanding (Winker, Scharf, Hahn, & Herczeg, 2011) and is not widely used or adopted (Bick, et al., 2007). This chapter presents a theoretical conceptual framework to foster creativity for innovative ambient learning applications, which can be used to bridge the digital gap between universities in developed and developing countries.
Compatibilisation of Epoxy Resin on TPEE/PA6 Blends
Authors: Li Jie , Peng Shu Min , Huang Ying Shan , Yi Chun Wang
Published: September 2014

The present work aimed at evaluating the mechanical properties, thermal behaviors and morphology of blends prepared by thermoplastic polyester elastomer (TPEE), polyamid-6(PA6) and epoxy resin (GradeE51). The SEM micrographs displayed a noticeable change in the type of surface structure on adding epoxy resin. The tensile strength, elongation at break of TPEE/PA6/Epoxy resin blends were significantly improved compared to TPEE/PA6 blends. The DSC results proved that the melt temperature (hard phase) of TPEE/PA6 blends tended to fuse together and the melt temperature (soft phase) increased with the content of epoxy resin increased
Polyaniline Hybrid with Inverse Opal Structure for Fabrication of Thermoelectric Materials
Authors: He Yong Qiang , Feng Yan , Gong Qiao Juan , Yao Chen Zhong , Gao Jian Ping , Yan Jing
Published: September 2014

The colloidal crystal template or opal with a closed-packed face centered cubic (fcc) lattice was prepared from monodisperse polystyrene (PS) microspheres by gravity sedimentation, and it was used for the fabrication of polyaniline hybrid with inverse opal structure. The template provided void space for the infiltration of Bi2Te3 and monomer that was then in situ polymerized to polyaniline. The opal composite was then soaked in toluene for completely removing PS microspheres to form porous polyaniline hybrid with inverse opal structure. The PS microspheres were replaced by air microspheres, which interconnected each other through the windows on the polyaniline hybrid wall. Both the wall and the air void constitute continuous phases. The polyaniline hybrid with inverse opal structure was observed with scanning electronic microscopy.
Study of Metal Seal of Coiled Tubing Wellhead Hanging Device
Authors: Zhang Xian Yong , Ma Wei Guo
Published: September 2014

A U-shaped metal seal in coiled tubing wellhead hanging device was designed, the metal seal material is brass(H59, H70). The contact stress of sealing interface was analyzed by finite element method analysis, the U-shaped seal has elastic-plastic deformation after excitation force applied, and the plastic deformation region concentrated in contact areas. The influence of U-shaped metal seal initial clearance on sealing effect was presented, the reasonable initial clearance ratio region are 0.8 to 0.9. Excitation forces in different excitation angles were calculated, the reasonable excitation angle region are 15° to 20°. Metal seal overcomes the defects of conventional rubber elastomers, that ensure the safety of wellhead hanging device construction, also improve the service life.
Research on the Fatigue Assessment Method for Steel Pressure Vessels Containing Surface Defects
Authors: Meng Xian Lei
Published: September 2014

Defects have great influence on the safe running of pressure vessels, and the safty assessment for in-service pressure vessels containing defects can realize safe and economical operation of presure vessles.Aiming at the fatigue assement of defect in steel pressure vessels,the fatigue assement method is studied and a primary program can be uesd to calculate fatigue crack propagation and life prediction is programed based on GB19624.The comparison between test and calculated results indicates that the method provided is suitable for fatigue assessment of defects.Combining the test results and cricical conditonds, the presient approach can provide a basis for the fatigue safety assessment and the reasonable overhaul cycle of in-service pressure vessels.
The Analysis Pressure Drop between Initial Station and 1#valve when Lan-Zheng-Chang Product Pipeline Shutdown
Authors: Xu Yu Lei
Published: September 2014

Considering the product oil has volume compressibility and volume expansion in different temperature and pressure, calculate the LAN-Zheng- Chang product pipeline in the shutdown during the initial station and 1#valve pressure drop rate, combined with the first station in Lanzhou reservoir area of the oil temperature oil temperature drop analysis is the first station in the main reason of pressure pipeline shutdown early fall, and provides technical support for the other new product oil pipeline.
On Stress Conditions Producing Crack-Free Matrix Metal-Brittle Inclusion Interface inside Heavy Forgings
Authors: Ren Yun Lai , Niu Long Jiang , Cao Feng Hua , Wang Qing Wei
Published: September 2014

Cracks at the boundary of the brittle inclusions inside heavy forgings are major defects detrimental to the forgings’ the fatigue life and impact performance. In the forging process, the stress field around brittle inclusions is the key factor determining whether cracks appear at the boundary. To study the influences of the stress field on the crack initiation, a definition of the Average Stress Intensity (ASI) and its mathematical expression analytic are given. Average Spherical Stress Intensity (ASSI) is used as an index to investigate the rule of the stress field’s influence on the brittle inclusion boundary crack initiation. Numerical simulation results indicate that ASSI is highly relevant to crack initiation at brittle inclusion boundary and it is practical to use it as a parameter to represent the effect of the stress field on the crack initiation at the boundary of the brittle inclusion. As the algebraic value of the ASSI decreases, the crack size decreases. When the algebraic value of the ASSI is less than-2.3, there will have no cracks at the boundary of the brittle inclusion. Hot compression tests at 1220°C are conducted on a Gleeble-3180 thermal mechanical simulator with dedicated specimens and shape anvils. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is employed to observe the cracks at the boundary of the brittle inclusions inside the specimens. Observed results agree well with the numerical simulation results.
A Designing Method of Underwater Controller Based on Trajectory-Tracking Control Law for Underwater Profile Monitoring Vehicle
Authors: Zhang Wen Xia , Yuan Jian , Zhou Zhong Hai
Published: September 2014

An Underwater part including hardware and software of distributed controller for underwater profile monitoring vehicle is investigated. A finite-time tracking control law based on finite-time trajectory-tracking control method is proposed to make an automation control of the vehicle and a manual/auto swtiched distributed controller on Underwater Profile Monitoring Vehicle is desinged. We give the designing procedure of hardware and software of the controller.
The Correlation between Time and Frequency Dynamic Performance of Control System
Authors: Zeng Meng Xiong , Zhao Jin Feng , Ouyang Wen
Published: September 2014

The control system performance requirement was divided into three parts. They were the stability, rapidity and accuracy. The time-frequency domain analysis in the requirements of three performance were measured through quantitative performance index. The mutual restriction of time-frequency performance and system characteristic parameters of normal second order was discussed. The correlation of system time-frequency performance index was established. The relationship between time-frequency performance indexes in standard two order system was extended to higher order system. The mutually constraining and time-frequency correlation between each performance index was obtained by analysis and calculation. The work had been done above had practical significance to reflect the system dynamic performance in different analytical domains.
Design of Battery Fast-Swap System for Electric Vehicle
Authors: Wang Wei Na , Li Bo , Wang Yao
Published: September 2014

This study proposes a solution to the problems with electric vehicles, which are characterized by short driving range and long time for charging. The battery fast-swap system we studied includes generality power battery, locking system and auto battery pack fast-swap equipment, which only takes owners about four minutes to finish a completed auto power battery swap procedure. At the same time, we use virtual prototyping software hyperworks to evaluate the strength and stiffness of the structure of the battery fast-swap system, all parameters above can meet requirement of mechanical property for electric vehicles. Moreover, we propose a novel business model of “naked car sales-battery lease-battery swap”, which can improve the problem of energy supply in electric vehicle. Particularly, it has a certain significance to perfect the building of charging/battery swap infrastructure standard system.
How to Eliminate Machining Marks on the Surface of Impeller Blades by CimatronE CAM
Authors: Fan Gui Jie
Published: September 2014

The impeller blades are hard to machine for its complex and curved surface structures. It is almost impossible to manufacture the blades by manual programming on Numerical Control Tool. Now, the program almost is completed by the three-dimensional CAD/ CAM software, such as UG, Pro/Engineer, CimatronE which have a lot of machining strategies suitable for a wide variety of parts. However, the result is not perfect if you choose improper strategies. Even more, machining marks will be left on the parts’ surface. This paper takes the impeller for an example and gives the solutions for eliminating machining marks left on the impeller blades’ surface through a comparative analysis on the 3-axis finish machining strategies in CimatronE.
The Analysis of Field Characteristics and Measurement for Centrifugal Fan and 90° Bend Pipe
Authors: Ran Ling Yuan , Zhao Jun , Qin Hong Bo , Hu Shou Gen , Tian Xiao Lin
Published: September 2014

The flow in centrifugal fan and 90° bend pipe was simulated numerically by the RNG k-turbulent model in software Fluent, and obtained the distribution diagram of the pressure and velocity. From the distribution diagram of the pressure and velocity, for measurement, three measurement points must be chosen, and two of them should be closed to the wall of pipe. However, in order to insure the measure accuracy, five or six measure points should be chosen. In addition, the velocity distribution of pipe bending reaches well-distibuted at the 1000 mm away from pipe exports. That is fluid flowing after through the flow field of bending section tends to uniform soon, so for the greater curvature bend pipe, measurement is more convenient.
Research on Numerical Simulation and Experiment of Plate Fin Type Intercooler in Turbocharged Natural Gas Engine
Authors: Liu Meng Xiang , Liu Xiang Ling , Wu De Yu
Published: September 2014

In this paper, the mathematical model of plate fin type intercooler in turbocharged natural gas engine (NGE) is established. The main parameters of the intercooler, such as fin form and geometry parameters, the cross-sectional area of channel and area of heat exchange, the channel number and arrangement, the intercooler core size are simulated. The 3D model of the intercooler is established and the pressure loss is checked based on the simulation results. The assembly test results of the intercooler and NGE show that the errors of the design value and the test value of all parameters are not more than 5%, which shows that the plate fin type intercooler designed meets the design requirements.
The Study of Resonant Frequency of Horn and Circular Tool of Ultrasonic Milling System
Authors: Zhang Yun Dian , Ma Zhong Qiu
Published: September 2014

Based on the traditional analytic method and four-end network method, a tapered transition-type ultrasonic horn is designed and analyzed by ANSYS Workbench software. The composite horn avoids the limitations of single-horn and the resonant frequency of the horn is good to meet the design requirement. Through the ANSYS Workbench , the circular tool used for cutting the Nomex honeycomb core materials is analyzed. The test results shows that the resonant frequency of the circular tool is too small to meet the design requirement when the tool have a good modes. But after the optimize design by the Six Sigma in ANSYS Workbench, the resonant frequency of the tool is good for meeting the demands of the design and production and processing.
The Application of Oil Monitoring Technology in the Marine Hydraulic System
Authors: Sun Bin , Zhou Xin Cong
Published: September 2014

This paper discusses the source and harm of the hydraulic oil pollution, the connotation of oil monitoring technology, methods, instruments and basic principle of the oil monitoring, and states the feasibility and importance of oil monitoring technology from two failure cases in the hydraulic system of the ship.
Experimental Study of Ejectors’ Effect on the Performance of Pulse Detonation Rocket Engine
Authors: Bai Qiao Dong , Weng Chun Sheng
Published: September 2014

Experimental studies were performed to investigate the ejector’s effect on the performance of a pulse detonation rocket engine (PDRE). The PDRE employed in the experiments utilizes gasoline as fuel and air as oxidizer. The operating frequency of the PDRE is 10 and 20 Hz respectively. Performance is quantified by thrust measurements, and the average thrust of the PDRE is obtained by integration of the thrust measured in the experiment. The experimental results show that the PDRE can increase thrust augmentation with an ejector, a maximum thrust augmentation is measured by 18.7% at 10 Hz operating frequency. In the experiment, axial placement (X/DPDRE) of the ejector is varied downstream the PDRE tube of 0.5,1 and 2 respectively. It is found that the thrust augmentation obviously increases when the relative position at 1 and 2, and also the thrust augmentation increases at higher operating frequency. The experiment result is useful for the development of a PDRE producing higher thrust.
Experimental Research on Phase-Change Cooling for High-Power Chip
Authors: Wu Long Sheng , Zhang Xu , Wang Cheng Jian , Wang Zhen Long
Published: September 2014

Phase change cooling technology is based on the boiling of refrigerating medium to absorb the heat generated by the electronic chip. It provides higher heat flux dissipation, reduces the refrigerating medium flux and consumes a lower pumping power, compared with single-phase liquid cooling. It also has good temperature uniformity and higher working temperature, which is ideal for energy reuse. Experimental system was designed for phase change cooling of R123 to analyze the basic conditions required for boiling vaporization. The chip temperature was 70 °C or less when the heat flux was 100 W·cm-2, with the 0.6 mm rectangular micro-channel evaporator. Experiments were conducted to analyze the effects of heat flux, channel dimension, throttling action on the heat transfer effect.
Theoretical and Computational Research of Heat Radiant Transfer in Cylinder
Authors: Zhou Hua Xiang , Zhou Zheng , Liu Jing Ping
Published: September 2014

In order to obtain the radiation heat transfer theory and calculation methods, the movement of the gas particles, location, intensity, temperature, are researched in cylinder under different conditions with combustion system and the mode of heat transfer. Under high temperature conditions in the cylinder, the gas radiation heat transfer is researched in the complex heat transfer theory. A statistical correlation K narrow band model, a mean absorption coefficient, a gas line databases, by-line calculation method are found, through research and analysis emissivity, transmittance, absorption coefficient, typical models, mathematical equations, database, calculation methods. Examine the distribution performance of each database for different media concentration and temperature, a statistical narrow-band band parametric model accuracy is tested, using statistical narrow band model, the results of the use of by-line method. Research shows: selected spectral database, calculation method has a greater impact on the results. The research also shows the result coincides calculations based by-line HITEWP2010 database method, whether radiant heat or wall flux, statistical narrow band model. These are supplied to the internal combustion engine cylinder design.
Two High Activity Catalysts for the Reforming of Coke Oven Gas to H2 and CO in BCFNO Membrane Reactor
Authors: Yang Zhi Bin
Published: September 2014

In this paper we found two catalysts exhibit high catalytic activity and stability during the partial oxidation of methane (POM) in Coke oven gas (COG) in BCFNO membrane reactor. Such as the NiO/MgO catalyst, we discussed the COG and air flow rate on the performance of reforming of COG. The results show that the NiO/MgO catalyst exhibits high activity. The experimental result of the CH4 conversion, selectivity of H2 and CO were suited well to the result of thermodynamic analysis. And the LiNiCeO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst, we discussed the LiNiCeO/γ-Al2O3 catalysts with different amount CeO2 in order to compare the reaction performance on the membrane reactor. The results show that the oxygen permeation flux increased significantly with increasing the amount of CeO2 during the POM in COG. Such as, the LiNi15%CeO/γ-Al2O3 catalyst with a oxygen permeation flux of 10.6 ml⋅cm-2⋅min-1 and a 100% CH4 conversion were obtained at 875 oC.
Discussions on the Formation Mechanism of High-Angle Reverse Faults in Sanan Oil Field
Authors: Yang Fei , Si Lian Shou , Wang Jiang , Lin Ge
Published: September 2014

Formation mechanism of high-angle reverse faults has always been one of the questions concerning structural geologists. The mechanics of high-angle reverse faults does not conform to the Mohr-Coulomb criterion or Anderson’s theory of faulting. Geologists tried to explain the formation mechanism of high-angle reverse faults by inversion structure theory, Maximum Effective Moment Criterion and fault-valve model and so on. It is hard to explain the mechanism of high-angle reverse faults in Sanan oilfield with these viewpoints. It is considered that the cause of formation of such high-angle reverse faults was that the dip direction of normal fault plane has been overturned by the intensive superposed folding and interlayer gliding. “Overturned fault dip” can be regarded as a new type of inversion structure and supplements the existing types of inversion structure.
The Structural Characteristics and Distribution of Sand Body of the Layer 7 of YanChang Formation in Ordos Basin
Authors: Lv Qi Qi , Luo Shun She , Li Lin Jing , Dai Rong , Li Yu Dong
Published: September 2014

The tight sand in the layer 7 of YanChang Formation, Ordos Basin major develops braided river delta and gravity flow deposits. In this paper, based on previous studies on lake pelvic shape, provenance and hydrodynamic, the sand body in the research area has been systematically studied through core observation, logging data, and sedimentary theory. Various genetic types of sedimentary sand body are developed in this area, mainly as delta deposition, sandy debris flow deposits, turbidites (classic turbidites). We can identify 6 kinds of sand vertical combination type, they are the superimposed sand body (A-type), thick and uniform thickness sand body (B type), thin and uniform thickness sand body (C-type), up thinning sand body (D-type), thickening up sand body (E-type) , thick and thin interbed sand body (F-type). The 6 types mainly controlled by sedimentary facies. The A-type sand body mainly developed in the delta depositional environment, the B type sand body is visible both in the delta and slope belt, while the D-type, E-type, F-type sand body are mainly developed in the deep lake. The distribution of sand body in the plane is zonal pattern.