bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and biological evaluation of (E)-4-(3-arylvinyl-1H-indazol-6-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine derivatives as PLK4 inhibitors for the treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Liu Zhihao , Lei Qian , Wei Wei , Xiong Lu , Shi Yaojie , Yan Guoyi , Gao Chao , Ye Tinghong , Wang Ningyu , Yu Luoting
Published: May 2017

SAR explorations identified (E)-4-(3-arylvinyl-1H-indazol-6-yl)pyrimidin-2-amine derivative14ias a potential PLK4 inhibitor with significant anti-breast cancer activityin vitroandin vivo.
Synthesis and drug release profile of a dual-responsive poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogel nanocomposite
Authors: Tenório-Neto Ernandes Taveira , Lima Diego de Souza , Guilherme Marcos Rogério , Lima-Tenório Michele Karoline , Scariot Débora Botura , Nakamura Celso Vataru , Kunita Marcos Hiroiuqui , Rubira Adley Forti
Published: May 2017

This work describes the synthesis, characterization and application of a pH- and magnetic-responsive PEG hydrogel (HG) nanocomposite as a platform for drug delivery.
CO oxidation on mesoporous SBA-15 supported CuO–CeO2catalyst prepared by a surfactant-assisted impregnation method
Authors: Shen Weiwei , Mao Dongsen , Luo Zhimin , Yu Jun
Published: May 2017

A series of mesoporous SBA-15 supported CuO–CeO2catalysts were prepared by a surfactant-assisted impregnation method with PEG 200 as the surfactant.
Nonvolatile memory devices based on undoped and Hf- and NaF-doped ZnO thin film transistors with Ag nanowires inserted between ZnO and gate insulator interface
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Jeong Hakyung , Lee Dongjin
Published: May 2017

Nonvolatile memory devices based on solution-processed thin film transistors (TFTs) of undoped ZnO and ZnO doped with Hf and NaF incorporating Ag nanowires (AgNWs) as charge trapping media between the ZnO and insulator interface are demonstrated.
Structural insight into inhibition of REV7 protein interaction revealed by docking, molecular dynamics and MM/PBSA studies
Authors: Ren Xiaodong , Zeng Rui , Wang Changwei , Zhang Mingming , Liang Chengyuan , Tang Zhonghai , Ren Jinfeng
Published: May 2017

The inhibitors of the REV7/REV3L protein interaction bind to the two pockets of REV7 divided by the ‘safety-belt’ structure, as revealed by computational modeling.
Micromixing enhanced synthesis of HRPIBs catalyzed by EADC/bis(2-chloroethyl)ether complex
Authors: Zhu Shan , Lu Yangcheng , Faust Rudolf
Published: May 2017

Better mixing could produce more active centers to accelerate the polymerization by promoting the consumption of carbonium ions.
A flow cytometry assay to quantify intercellular exchange of membrane components
Authors: Poulcharidis Dimitrios , Belfor Kimberley , Kros Alexander , van Kasteren Sander I.
Published: May 2017

A technically simple and broadly deployable FACS-based assay to determine intercellular exchange of membrane components.
Kinase-templated abiotic reaction
Authors: Saarbach J. , Lindberg E. , Folliet S. , Georgeon S. , Hantschel O. , Winssinger N.
Published: May 2017

Protein kinases are quintessential regulators of cellular function.
Cyclohexa-1,4-dienes in transition-metal-free ionic transfer processes
Authors: Keess Sebastian , Oestreich Martin
Published: May 2017

Adequately substituted cyclohexa-1,4-dienes with an electrofuge attached to one of the bisallylic carbon atoms serve as surrogates for small molecules.
Critical Casimir interactions between colloids around the critical point of binary solvents
Authors: Stuij S. G. , Labbé-Laurent M. , Kodger T. E. , Maciołek A. , Schall P.
Published: May 2017

We investigate interactions of colloidal particles in near-critical binary mixtures through a combination of experiments and theoretical methods, and show that the critical Casimir theory gives quantitatively correct predictions for the interaction potential if weak preferential adsorption of the particle surface is taken into account.
Inverted planar perovskite solar cells with dopant free hole transporting material: Lewis base-assisted passivation and reduced charge recombination
Authors: Park Sang Jin , Jeon Seolhee , Lee In Kyu , Zhang Jing , Jeong Huiseong , Park Ji-Yong , Bang Jiwon , Ahn Tae Kyu , Shin Hee-Won , Kim Bong-Gi , Park Hui Joon
Published: May 2017

Triarylamine derivatives containing electron donating methoxy units provide outstanding device performance as dopant-free hole transporting materials in inverse type planar heterojunction perovskite solar cells.
Zwitterionic carbon nanotube assisted thin-film nanocomposite membranes with excellent efficiency for separation of mono/divalent ions from brackish water
Authors: Zheng Junfeng , Li Meng , Yao Yujian , Zhang Xuan , Wang Lianjun
Published: May 2017

Zwitterionization of multiwalled carbon nanotubes is conducted via atom transfer radical polymerization and ZCNTs obtained are used as an aqueous additive to fabricate thin-film nanocomposite nanofiltration membranes.
Enhanced properties of metal–organic framework thin films fabricated via a coordination modulation-controlled layer-by-layer process
Authors: Wannapaiboon Suttipong , Sumida Kenji , Dilchert Katharina , Tu Min , Kitagawa Susumu , Furukawa Shuhei , Fischer Roland A.
Published: May 2017

Addition of a modulator in the LPE process enhances MOF thin film properties by boosting their crystallinity, orientation uniformity, and adsorption capacity.
Galvanic reactions at the single-nanoparticle level: tuning between mechanistic extremes
Authors: Smith Jeremy G. , Zhang Xueqiang , Jain Prashant K.
Published: May 2017

In situ spectroscopy reveals dramatic tunability of the nature and kinetics of galvanic exchange-based synthesis of porous bimetallic nanostructures.
Robust LiTi2(PO4)3 microflowers as high-rate and long-life cathodes for Mg-based hybrid-ion batteries
Authors: Xu Yanan , Xu Chang , An Qinyou , Wei Qiulong , Sheng Jinzhi , Xiong Fangyu , Pei Cunyuan , Mai Liqiang
Published: May 2017

Novel NASICON-type carbon-coated LiTi2(PO4)3 microflowers (LTP-F/C) as a hybrid magnesium–lithium-ion battery (MLIB) cathode is presented for the first time.
Template-free synthesis of hollow Ni/reduced graphene oxide composite for efficient H2 evolution
Authors: Zhang Weiying , Li Yuexiang , Peng Shaoqin
Published: May 2017

To resolve the energy crisis and environment pollution, it is urgent to exploit highly efficient and inexpensive catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Advancing the n → π* electron transition of carbon nitride nanotubes for H2photosynthesis
Authors: Zhang Guigang , Savateev Aleksandr , Zhao Yubao , Li Lina , Antonietti Markus
Published: May 2017

Carbon nitride nanotubes with enhanced optical absorption and advanced charge carrier behavior stimulate photocatalytic hydrogen production.
New insight into intramolecular conjugation in the design of efficient blue materials: from the control of emission to absorption
Authors: Yang Jie , Guo Qingxun , Ren Zichun , Gao Xuming , Peng Qian , Li Qianqian , Ma Dongge , Li Zhen
Published: May 2017

Three blue luminogens of Cz-3tPE, TPA-3TPP and Cz-3TPP, have been successfully designed, in which, Cz-3TPP shows a high hole mobility of 0.83 × 10−3 cm2 V−1 s−1 and the best EL performance with EQE up to 4.27% at 397 nm, approaching the theoretical limit.
Fabrication of adhesion-enhanced and highly reliable copper circuits onto flexible substrates via a scribing–seeding–plating process
Authors: Hou L. , Zhao H. , Bi S. Y. , Lu Y. X.
Published: May 2017

Adhesion-enhanced and highly reliable copper circuits on flexible substrates were fabricated by a simple and efficient scribing–seeding–plating process.
Highly phosphorescent cyclometalated platinum(ii) complexes based on 2-phenylbenzimidazole-containing ligands
Authors: Li Jing , Liang Feng , Zhao Yue , Liu Xiang-Yang , Fan Jian , Liao Liang-Sheng
Published: May 2017

Three novel platinum(ii) complexes based on 2-phenylbenzimidazole-containing ligands have been prepared as efficient dopants for phosphorescent OLEDs.
Effects of ginsenoside Rg1-loaded alginate-chitosan microspheres on human bone marrow stromal cells
Authors: Guo Yu-Hai , Zhao Shuai , Du Yan-Xin , Xing Qing-Jia , Chen Bo-Lai , Yu Chu-Qin
Published: May 2017

The ginsenoside Rg1 is the most abundant compound in ginseng. Recent studies showed that Rg1 had neuroprotective effects on neuronal cells. The present study was to prepare Rg1-loaded alginate-chitosan microspheres and research the effects of microspheres on human bone marrow (BM) stromal cells (hBMSC). The alginate-chitosan microspheres were prepared by mechanical emulsification technique in combination with ion (Ca2+) and chitosan solidification. Subsequently, the microspheres were employed to load Rg1 ginseng extracts. The microspheres had a smooth surface and were spherical in shape. The average diameter of the microspheres was 3.95 µm. The loading efficiency was approximately 2.12%. The purity of isolated hBMSC was over 98.8%. Rg1-loaded microspheres could promote hBMSC proliferation and differentiation. Meanwhile, Rg1-loaded microspheres could also suppress hBMSC apoptosis induced by hypoxia-reoxygenation. In conclusion, these loaded microspheres may be used in the research of neuroprotective effects of Rg1.
Adaptive beamforming using the cyclostationarity of the source signals
Authors: Meng Zhen , Shen Feng , Zhou Weidong
Published: May 2017

The conventional beamformers based on the projection methods are known to degrade due to the subspace swap at low signal‐to‐noise ratio values and the high or inaccurate dimension of subspace. A novel beamforming technique that combines the constructed covariance matrix and the estimated steering vector is proposed. The steering vector of each source signals is estimated using its cyclostationarity. Unlike the projection methods, the signal‐plus‐interference covariance matrix is constructed by further estimating the power of each source signals but avoiding forming the subspace. Numerical examples illustrate the notable improvement in comparison with existing beamforming techniques.
Effects of ageing and Alzheimer disease on haemodynamic response function: a challenge for event‐related fMRI
Authors: Asemani Davud , Morsheddost Hassan , Shalchy Mahsa Alizadeh
Published: May 2017

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) can generate brain images that show neuronal activity due to sensory, cognitive or motor tasks. Haemodynamic response function (HRF) may be considered as a biomarker to discriminate the Alzheimer disease (AD) from healthy ageing. As blood‐oxygenation‐level‐dependent fMRI signal is much weak and noisy, particularly for the elderly subjects, a robust method is necessary for HRF estimation to efficiently differentiate the AD. After applying minimum description length wavelet as an extra denoising step, deconvolution algorithm is here employed for HRF estimation, substituting the averaging method used in the previous works. The HRF amplitude peaks are compared for three groups HRF of young, non‐demented and demented elderly groups for both vision and motor regions. Prior works often reported significant differences in the HRF peak amplitude between the young and the elderly. The authors’ experimentations show that the HRF peaks are not significantly different comparing the young adults with the elderly (either demented or non‐demented). It is here demonstrated that the contradictory findings of the previous studies on the HRF peaks for the elderly compared with the young are originated from the noise contribution in fMRI data.
Fast voltage detection method for grid‐tied renewable energy generation systems under distorted grid voltage conditions
Authors: Xiao Furong , Dong Lei , Li Li , Liao Xiaozhong
Published: May 2017

A fast voltage detection method to assist with the low‐voltage ride‐through operation of grid‐tied renewable energy generation systems is proposed in this study. It is designed to detect every phase voltage, so that it can be applied in both three‐phase and single‐phase applications. The whole voltage detection approach consists of two stages, the pre‐filtering stage and the voltage detection stage. In the pre‐filtering stage, a cascaded delayed signal cancellation (CDSC) module and a low‐pass filter are connected in series to filter low‐order harmonics and high‐frequency noises. For eliminating the low‐order harmonics of interest, different types of CDSC methods are studied in detail. Subsequently, a new orthogonal signal generator is built to calculate the voltage amplitude in the voltage detection stage. Finally, the proposed voltage detection method is verified by experimental results.
Pd/C-Catalyzed Homocoupling Reaction for the Synthesis of
Symmetrical Biaryl Diamides
Authors: Shen Guodong , Yang Bingchuan , Wang Yichen , Zhao Xiliang , Huangfu Xinlei , Tian Yanmeng , Zhang Tongxin
Published: May 2017

Pd/C was found to be an efficient and convenient metal catalyst in the homocoupling reaction for the synthesis of symmetrical biaryl diamides. The catalyst system Pd/C–KOAc showed high catalytic activity, and a variety of symmetrical biaryl diamides were conveniently synthesized from 2-halo-N-phenylbenzamides in moderate to good yields.
Palladium-Catalyzed Synthesis of 2-Aminobenzothiazoles through Tandem Reaction
Authors: Dong Zhi-Bing , Xu Wan , Zeng Meng-Tian , Liu Min , Liu Sha-Sha , Li Yue-Sheng
Published: May 2017

A variety of 2-aminobenzothiazoles were synthesized by using 2-chloroanilines and dithiocarbamates through a tandem approach in the presence of Pd(PPh3)4 and t-BuOK. The facile and efficient protocol enabled the reaction to proceed at a good rate with excellent yields.
Systemic Preoperative Antibiotics with Mandible Fractures: Are They Indicated at the Time of Injury?
Authors: Linkugel Andrew D. , Odom Elizabeth B. , Bavolek Rebecca A. , Snyder-Warwick Alison K. , Patel Kamlesh B.
Published: May 2017

Mandible fractures are the most common result of facial trauma. The proximity of oral flora to the site of both the injury and resulting surgical instrumentation makes managing infection a unique challenge. The benefit of antibiotic prophylaxis at the time of surgical treatment of mandible fractures is well established. However, the routine use of antibiotics between the time of injury and surgery is of unclear benefit. We aim to define the role of antibiotics in the preoperative period: from the time of injury to surgical intervention. Demographic and clinical data were collected retrospectively on all patients who were treated for mandible fracture by the Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at our institution between 2003 and 2013. The use of both preoperative (between injury and surgery) and perioperative (at the time of surgery) systemic antibiotics was recorded along with the incidence of postoperative infections and other complications. Complete data were available for 269 patients. Of the 216 patients who received preoperative antibiotics, 22 (10%) developed an infection postoperatively. Of the 53 patients who did not receive preoperative antibiotics, 2 (4%) developed infection ( p = 0.184). Likewise, preoperative antibiotics were not significantly associated with hardware complication rates. In our retrospective review, the use of antibiotics between injury and surgical repair had no impact on postoperative infection rates. These data suggest that preoperative antibiotic use may actually be associated with an increased incidence of postoperative infection. Our results do not support the routine use of antibiotics between injury and surgical repair in patients with mandible fractures.
Fetal Pathology of Neural Tube Defects – An Overview of 68 Cases
Authors: Schoner Katharina , Axt-Fliedner Roland , Bald Rainer , Fritz Barbara , Kohlhase Juergen , Kohl Thomas , Rehder Helga
Published: May 2017

Introduction The prevalence of neural tube defects worldwide is 1 – 2 per 1000 neonates. Neural tube defects result from a disturbance of neurulation in the 3rd or 4th week of development and thus represent the earliest manifestation of organ malformation. Neural tube defects (NTD) are classified into cranial dysraphism leading to anencephaly or meningoencephalocele and spinal dysraphism with or without meningomyelocele. In isolated form they have multifactorial causes, and the empirical risk of recurrence in Central Europe is 2%. As associated malformations they tend to occur sporadically, and in monogenic syndromes they follow Mendelian inheritance patterns with a high risk of recurrence.

Patients Autopsies were performed on 68 fetuses following a prenatal diagnosis of NTD and induced abortion.

Results The incidence of NTDs in our autopsied fetuses was 8% and 11% in fetuses with malformations. The percentage of fetuses with anencephaly, encephalocele or spina bifida was 24, 18, and 60%*, respectively. Analysis of the sex distribution showed a female preponderance in cranial dysraphisms but the sex distribution of spina bifida cases was equal. The extent and localization of NTDs varied, with lumbosacral cases clearly predominating. The proportion of isolated, associated and syndromic neural tube defects was 56, 23.5 and 20.6% respectively. In the majority of syndromes, the neural tube defect represented a not previously observed syndromic feature.

Conclusion The high proportion of NTDs with monogenic background underlines the importance of a syndrome oriented fetal pathology. At the very least it requires a thourough photographic and radiographic documentation of the fetal phenotype to enable the genetic counsellor to identify a syndromic disorder. This is necessary to determine the risk of recurrence, arrange confirming mutation analyses and offer targeted prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancies.
Traditional Gymnastic Exercises for the Pelvic Floor Often Lead to Bladder Neck Descent – a Study Using Perineal Ultrasound
Authors: Baeßler Kaven , Junginger Bärbel
Published: May 2017

Background The aims of physiotherapy in stress incontinent women are to improve pelvic floor function and the continence mechanism including bladder neck support and urethral closure pressure. In Germany, traditional conservative treatment often includes gymnastic exercises with unclear effects on the bladder neck. The aim of this study was to sonographically assess bladder neck movements during selected exercises.

Methods Fifteen healthy, continent women without previous vaginal births, who were able to voluntarily contract their pelvic floor muscels performed the shoulder bridge, the abdominal press, tiptoe and the Pilates clam exercises. The first set was performed without any additional instructions. During the second set directions were given to activate the pelvic floor before beginning each exercise and to maintain the contraction throughout the exercise. Bladder neck movement was measured on perineal ultrasound using a validated method with the pubic symphysis as a reference point.

Results The median age of participants was 32 years, median BMI was 23. Eight women were nulliparous and seven had given birth to 1 – 2 children via caesarean section. When exercises were performed without voluntary pelvic floor contraction the bladder neck descended on average between 2.3 and 4.4 mm, and with pelvic floor contraction prior to the exercise only between 0.5 and 2.1 mm (p > 0.05 except for abdominal press p = 0.007). The Pilates clam exercise and toe stand stabilised the bladder neck most effectively.

Discussion Bladder neck descent often occurs during pelvic floor gymnastic exercises as traditionally performed in Germany, and a voluntary pelvic floor contraction during the exercises does not necessarily prevent this.
Rates and Routes of Hysterectomy for Benign Indications in Austria 2002 – 2014
Authors: Edler Katharina , Tamussino Karl , Fülöp Gerhard , Reinstadler Evi , Neunteufel Walter , Reif Philipp , Laky Rene , Aigmüller Thomas
Published: May 2017

Introduction Rates and routes of hysterectomy have implications for quality, costs and training. This study analyzed rates of benign hysterectomy and surgical approaches for benign hysterectomy in Austria from 2002 to 2014.

Material and Methods This was a population-based retrospective observational study of coding data from all acute care hospitals (public and private) in Austria. Main outcome measures were numbers of women undergoing hysterectomy for benign indications in Austria per year and the route of hysterectomy for benign indications.

Results The number of benign hysterectomies performed per year declined from 10 675 in 2002 to 7747 in 2014, a decline of 27%. The use of vaginal hysterectomy was stable (53% and 47%, respectively). Use of laparoscopic techniques increased (5% in 2002, 32% in 2014) whereas use of abdominal hysterectomy decreased (41% and 20%, respectively).

Conclusions Numbers of benign hysterectomies performed per year in Austria declined substantially between 2002 and 2014. Use of vaginal hysterectomy was stable at about 50%, whereas increased use of laparoscopic techniques was associated with lower rates of open hysterectomy.
Physical Exercise During Pregnancy – How Active Are Pregnant Women in Germany and How Well Informed?
Authors: Schmidt Thorsten , Heilmann Thorsten , Savelsberg Luisa , Maass Nicolai , Weisser Burkhard , Eckmann-Scholz Christel
Published: May 2017

Introduction There is sufficient evidence showing the positive effects of physical exercise on various aspects of pregnancy. This study evaluates knowledge and status of physical exercise among pregnant women.

Methods The standardised paper-pencil questionnaire “Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire” (PPAQ) as well as general demographic questions were used to assess the exercise behaviour of study participants. 83 questionnaires completed by women presenting to the Kiel University Hospital for antenatal assessment were included in the analysis.

Results At the time of questionnaire completion 10 women were in the first trimester of pregnancy, 64 in the second, and 9 in the third. Just less than 90% of participants felt they had been informed “sufficiently” on the topic physical exercise during pregnancy, over 50% felt they were “well” or “very well” informed. Just less than half of participants received their information from a doctor (either their gynaecologist or general practitioner) and none of these felt “insufficiently” informed. Almost 80% of participants reported still doing no sport or less exercise than before falling pregnant. The maximum proportional energy expenditure for recreational activity – just under 20% – was in the third trimester. Women who felt they had been well counselled tended to have higher activity levels.

Conclusion Study participants demonstrated a clear decline in physical exercise during pregnancy despite clear evidence of the benefits of regular exercise for pregnant women, and despite participants feeling they were well informed. Detailed information on the recommendations for physical exertion in pregnancy should form an integral part of antenatal counselling.
Die Entwicklung Sozialer Innovationen in der Gesundheitsversorgung und die Rolle von Wissenschaft und Forschung
Authors: Richter Stefanie
Published: May 2017

Im Zuge des demografischen, epidemiologischen und gesellschaftlichen Wandels entstehen zahlreiche Herausforderungen für die Gesundheitsversorgung und –förderung der Bevölkerung. Es werden innovative Lösungsansätze gesucht. Im Fokus der theoretischen Arbeit steht die Auseinandersetzung mit der Entwicklung sozialer Innovationen und der Rolle von Wissenschaft und Forschung bei der Lösung gesellschaftlicher Probleme. Zunächst wird ein an Technologien orientiertes Innovationsverständnis um das von sozialen Innovationen erweitert. Es werden 2 Wege zur Förderung sozialer Innovationen diskutiert: die systematische Entdeckung und Weiterentwicklung von Lösungsansätzen im Praxisfeld sowie die ko-produktive Entwicklung im Sinne transdisziplinärer Forschung. Deutlich wird, dass ein kooperativer und ko-produktiver Forschungs- und Entwicklungsprozess neue Anforderungen für die Wissenschaftspraxis bringen kann und somit die Diskussion über die Gestaltung und Rahmenbedingungen transdisziplinärer Forschung und Entwicklung in der Gesundheits(versorgungs)forschung zu stärken wäre.
Efficacy of self-expandable metal stents in management of benign biliary strictures and comparison with multiple plastic stents: a meta-analysis
Authors: Khan Muhammad , Baron Todd , Kamal Faisal , Ali Bilal , Nollan Richard , Ismail Mohammad , Tombazzi Claudio , Artifon Everson , Repici Alessandro , Khashab Mouen
Published: May 2017

Background and study aims There is burgeoning interest in the utilization of covered self-expandable metal stents (CSEMSs) for managing benign biliary stricture (BBS). This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated cumulative stricture resolution and recurrence rates using CSEMSs and compared performance of CSEMSs and multiple plastic stents (MPS) in BBS management.

Method Searches in several databases identified studies including ≥ 10 patients that utilized CSEMSs for BBS treatment. Weighted pooled rates were calculated for stricture resolution and recurrence. Pooled risk ratios (RRs) comparing CSEMSs with MPS were calculated for stricture resolution, stricture recurrence, and adverse events. Pooled difference in means was calculated to compare number of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographies (ERCPs) in each group. 

Results The meta-analysis included 22 studies with 1298 patients. Weighted pooled rate for BBS resolution with CSEMS was 83 % (95 % confidence limits [95 %CLs] 78 %, 87 %; I
2 = 72 %). On meta-regression analysis, resolution in chronic pancreatitis patients and post-orthotopic liver transplant patients were significant predictors of heterogeneity. Weighted pooled rate for stricture recurrence with CSEMSs was 16 % (11 %, 22 %). Overall rate of adverse events requiring intervention and/or hospitalization was 15 %. Four randomized controlled trials with 213 patients compared CSEMSs with MPS: the pooled RRs for stricture resolution, recurrence, and adverse events were 1.07 (0.97, 1.18), 0.88 (0.48, 1.63), and 1.16 (0.71, 1.88), respectively with no heterogeneity. Pooled difference in means for number of ERCPs was – 1.71 ( – 2.33, – 1.09) in favor of CSEMS.

Conclusions CSEMSs appear to have excellent efficacy in BBS management. They are as effective as MPS but require fewer ERCPs to achieve clinical success.
What is Information? Toward a Theory of Information as Objective and Veridical
Authors: Mingers John , Standing Craig
Published: May 2017

Information systems are a strong and ever-growing discipline of enormous relevance to today's informated world, and yet, as recent reviews have shown, there is still not an agreed and explicit conceptualization or definition of information. After an evaluative review of a range of theories of information, this paper develops and defends a particular theory, one that sees information as both objective and veridical. By objective, we mean that the information carried by signs and messages exists independently of its receivers or observers. The information carried by a sign exists even if the sign is not actually observed. By veridical, we mean that information must be true or correct in order to be information – information is truth-constituted. False information is not information, but misinformation or disinformation. The paper develops this theory and then discusses four contentious issues – information as objective rather than subjective; information as true or correct; information and knowledge; and information and the ambiguity of meaning. It concludes with a discussion of the practical implications of the theory.
Highlighting non-uniform temperatures close to liquid/solid surfaces
Authors: Noirez L. , Baroni P. , Bardeau J. F.
Published: May 2017

The present experimental measurements reveal that similar to external fields such as electric, magnetic, or flow fields, the vicinity of a solid surface can preclude the liquid molecules from relaxing to equilibrium, generating located non-uniform temperatures. The non-uniform temperature zone extends up to several millimeters within the liquid with a lower temperature near the solid wall (reaching ΔT = −0.15 °C ± 0.02 °C in the case of liquid water) counterbalanced at larger distances by a temperature rise. These effects highlighted by two independent methods (thermistor measurement and infra-red emissivity) are particularly pronounced for highly wetting surfaces. The scale over which non-uniform temperatures are extended indicates that the effect is assisted by intermolecular interactions, in agreement with recent developments showing that liquids possess finite shear elasticity and theoretical approaches integrating long range correlations.
First principles calculations of the interface properties of a-Al2O3/MoS2 and effects of biaxial strain
Authors: Shi Li-Bin , Li Ming-Biao , Xiu Xiao-Ming , Liu Xu-Yang , Zhang Kai-Cheng , Liu Yu-Hui , Li Chun-Ran , Dong Hai-Kuan
Published: May 2017

An amorphous Al2O3 (a-Al2O3)/MoS2 interface has attracted much attention because of its unique properties. In this study, the interface behaviors under non-strain and biaxial strain are investigated by first principles calculations based on the density functional theory. First of all, the generation process of the a-Al2O3 sample is described by molecular dynamics. The calculated bandgap of a-Al2O3 is 3.66 eV for generalized gradient approximation-Perdew, Burke, and Ernzerhof and 5.26 eV for Heyd-Scuseria-Ernzerhof functional. Then, we give a detailed description of the band alignment for the a-Al2O3/MoS2 interface. The valence band offset and conduction band offset change with the number of MoS2 layers. It is noted that the valence band maximum (VBM) of MoS2 moves upward as the number of MoS2 layers is increased. The leakage current for metal/a-Al2O3/MoS2 MOS is also illustrated. At last, the band structure of monolayer MoS2 under biaxial strain ranging from −6% to 6% is discussed, and the impact of the biaxial strain on the band offset is investigated. The VBM of monolayer MoS2 moves downward as the strain changes from compressive to tensile.
Realizing semiconductivity by a large bandgap tuning in Bi4Ti3O12 via inserting La1-xSrxMnO3 perovskite layers
Authors: Wang Jianlin , Chen Zezhi , Huang Haoliang , Cui Jiameng , Zhang Wenhua , Fu Zhengping , Peng Ranran , Yan Wensheng , Lu Yalin
Published: May 2017

Bismuth layer structured Aurivillius oxides have long been considered as traditional ferroelectric dielectrics, and they are feasible platforms incubating magnetic, ferroelectric, photonic, microwave, etc. properties for many important applications. It has been a longstanding challenge to achieve a certain charge carrier concentration and to narrow the bandgap in such transition metal complex oxides, yet realizing that semiconductivity is necessary for potential integration functions such as junctions in oxide optoelectronic devices. By inserting La1-xSrxMnO3 into the typical Bi4Ti3O12 ferroelectric host, we demonstrate semiconductivity and large bandgap tuning in Bi4Ti3O12-La1-xSrxMnO3 (0.3 ≤ x ≤ 0.7) solid solutions, in which a minimum resistivity value of ρ = 5021 Ω·cm and an optical bandgap value of Eg = 1.97 eV are obtained. Soft X-ray absorption spectra provide Mn and Ti charge valence states, indicating an almost constant Mn3.2+ state and an increase towards Ti4+ when raising the La/Sr ratio.
Raman detection of single airborne aerosol particles of isovanillin
Authors: Aggarwal R. L. , Farrar L. W. , Di Cecca S. , Clark M. L. , Jeys T. H.
Published: May 2017

Single airborne aerosol particle of isovanillin were detected using a compact Raman spectroscopy system. The Raman system consisted of a 10 W, 532-nm cw laser, a 50x aerosol concentrator, an aerosol flow cell, an f/1.0 single-sided collection optics, an f/1.8 Raman spectrometer with a spectral range of 400-1400 cm-1, and a low-noise CCD camera (1340 x 400 pixels; 20 x 20 μm/pixel). The combined collection and detection efficiency of the Raman system was 1.0%. The diameters of eleven particles were determined to be 3.4, 3.1, 3.5, 3.4, 2.3, 3.1, 2.5, 2.6, 2.5, 3.0, and 3.1μm based on the fundamental Raman equation. The accuracy of the particle diameter is estimated to be ±0.1 μm using measured concentration of the atmospheric CO2.
Methodology for optimizing composite towers for use on floating wind turbines
Authors: Young Andrew C. , Goupee Andrew J. , Dagher Habib J. , Viselli Anthony M.
Published: May 2017

A methodology for the design and optimization of a composite wind turbine tower for use on a floating offshore platform is presented. A composite turbine tower on a floating offshore platform not only has the potential to reduce maintenance and upkeep costs associated with the use of steel offshore but also has potential to reduce the tower mass and subsequently the support platform mass. The optimization problem is formulated to obtain a turbine tower that meets all strength and serviceability criteria and minimizes the tower mass. The optimization and design process link a number of dynamic analyses and finite element routines using a genetic algorithm. This work documents the optimization and design software and illustrates its use in various case studies for a 6 MW floating wind turbine system. Case studies include the optimization of a steel tower as a comparison to a composite material tower and the use of a cored, sandwich panel composite tower versus a solid composite tower. The results demonstrate that significant reductions in the tower mass are likely when comparing a steel tower with a composite tower. Also demonstrated for the platform and turbine configuration considered in this work is that the minimum mass tower design is driven towards a solid shell composite configuration, rather than a sandwich panel tower shell, in the face of reasonable design constraints.
Advanced musculoskeletal physiotherapists are effective and safe in managing patients with acute low back pain presenting to emergency departments
Authors: Sayer James M. , Kinsella Rita M. , Cary Belinda A. , Burge Angela T. , Kimmel Lara A. , Harding Paula
Published: May 2017

Objective The aim of this study was to compare emergency department (ED) key performance indicators for patients presenting with low back pain and seen by an advanced musculoskeletal physiotherapist (AMP) with those seen by other non-AMP clinicians (ED doctors and nurse practitioners). Methods A retrospective audit (October 2012–September 2013) was performed of data from three metropolitan public hospital EDs to compare patients with low back pain seen by AMP and non-AMP clinicians. Outcome measures included ED length of stay, ED wait time, admission rates and re-presentation to the ED. Results One thousand and eighty-nine patients with low back pain were seen during AMP service hours (360 in the AMP group, 729 in the non-AMP group). Patients seen by the AMP had a significantly shorter ED wait time (median 13 vs 32 min; P < 0.001) and ED length of stay (median 141 vs 175 min; P < 0.001). Significantly fewer patients seen by the AMP were admitted (P < 0.001), and this difference remained after accounting for the difference in triage code between the groups. Conclusions Improved ED metrics were demonstrated in patients with low back pain when managed by an AMP compared with patients seen by doctors and nurse practitioners. What is known about the topic? There is a growing body of literature regarding the role of AMPs in the Australian healthcare system in providing clinical services for patients with musculoskeletal conditions, including settings such as the ED. AMPs have proven to be safe and cost-effective, achieving high patient satisfaction and improved patient outcomes. However, there is little to no information regarding their effect on ED metrics, such as ED length of stay, wait time and admission rates for patients presenting to the ED with low back pain. What does this paper add? This paper demonstrates improved ED metrics for patients presenting to the ED with low back pain when seen by an AMP compared with patients seen by doctors and nurse practitioners. The specific improved metrics for these patients were decreased admission rates, decreased ED length of stay and decreased wait time. What are the implications for clinicians? This paper provides evidence that the AMPs effectively discharge patients admitted to the ED in a timely manner, without evidence of increased readmissions, compared with their medical and nursing colleagues. Support for the role of the AMP within the ED setting is strengthened by these results.
Increased production and cover in a variable native pasture following intensive grazing management
Authors: Badgery W. B. , Millar G. D. , Broadfoot K. , Michalk D. L. , Cranney P. , Mitchell D. , van de Ven R.
Published: May 2017

Native pastures account for approximately half the grazing area of the high-rainfall zone of southern Australia and the appropriate intensity of grazing management to improve pasture production and to sustain native species composition is still debated. This paper describes differences in pasture herbage mass, ground cover and composition for a native pasture managed under three distinct grazing-management intensities (1-, 4- and 20-paddock grazing systems). Grazing-management treatments were implemented for 4 years across a variable landscape and the interaction of grazing management and landscape position (high-, medium- and low-production zones) were examined. Increasing the intensity of grazing management (number of paddocks in the grazing system) resulted in higher standing, green and litter herbage mass and ground cover of pastures, with differences most pronounced in the high-production zone where selective grazing was regulated with grazing management. Landscape position largely influenced pasture composition, with higher pasture production and more productive species (e.g. Microlaena stipoides, Lolium rigidum and legumes) in the high-production zone. Small increases in the DM of native perennial grasses and lower levels of legumes and broad-leaf weeds developed in the 20-paddock system compared with grazing in 1- and 4-paddock systems. Net pasture growth was higher in the 20-paddock than 1-paddock treatment during spring in the last 2 years of the experiment, resulting in 21% (1.6 t DM/ha) more herbage mass accumulated over the year. While productivity and cover were higher under intensive rotational grazing, grazing management had little influence on pasture composition. A stable perennial pasture (>70% perennial grasses) stocking rates that were not degrading and the strong influence of landscape on pasture composition limited management influences. Practically, the results indicated that, at the same stocking rate, increasing the intensity of grazing management can increase the average pasture herbage mass, ground cover and pasture growth by more evenly distributing grazing.
The intensity of grazing management influences lamb production from native grassland
Authors: Badgery W. B. , Millar G. D. , Michalk D. L. , Cranney P. , Broadfoot K.
Published: May 2017

The intensity of grazing management required for optimal pasture and animal production from heterogeneous native grasslands has received little research in the high-rainfall zone of south-eastern Australia. The aim of this experiment was to determine how the intensity of grazing management, from continuous grazing (P01) to flexible 4- and 20-paddock rotational systems (P04 and P20), influenced the productivity and sustainability of a Merino ewe, terminal sire lamb production system run on a native grassland dominated by Microlaena stipoides and Rytidosperma spp. The present paper focuses on the animal production and feed-quality results from this experiment. There was a higher per head animal production for the P01 than the P20, with the P04 being intermediate. The differences were found for ewe liveweight and fat score, lamb growth rates and lamb liveweight at weaning. The P20 was able to run higher ewe numbers, in response to greater feed on offer than for P04 and P01, which enabled lamb production per hectare at weaning to be similar and greasy wool production per hectare to be greater than for P01. The organic matter digestibility of the ewe diet estimated from faecal analysis was lower for P20 and P04 systems than for P01 over a 7-month period and explained differences measured in sheep performance at that time. When lambs were retained after weaning, they could be kept for longer on the P20 and grown to a greater weight than for the P01 and P04, but the criteria for setting stocking rates and selling lambs from systems influenced the production from the systems. Further work is needed to investigate the interaction between stocking rate (ewe numbers and lamb sale time) and grazing management and examine different options for managing rotational grazing systems.
Meta-analysis of genetic-parameter estimates for reproduction, growth and carcass traits in Nellore cattle by using a random-effects model
Authors: Rojas de Oliveira Hinayah , Ventura Henrique Torres , Costa Edson Vinícius , Pereira Mariana Alencar , Veroneze Renata , Duarte Marcio de Souza , Dias de Siqueira Otávio Henrique Gomes Barbosa , Fonseca e Silva Fabyano
Published: May 2017

Meta-analysis based on a random-effects model is used to summarise and overcome the variability between divergent parameter estimates. We proposed a meta-analysis of published heritability and genetic-correlation estimates for reproduction, growth and carcass traits in purebred Nellore cattle. In total, 197 heritability and 107 genetic-correlation estimates from 62 scientific publications were used here. Most of traits (gestation length; weights at birth, 120, 210, 365 and 550 days of age; mature weight and all carcass traits) presented direct heritability estimates ranging from 0.20 to 0.40. Age at first calving presented the lowest value among direct heritabilities (0.1498); whereas the higher values (>0.40) were found for scrotal circumference at different ages and for weight at 450 days of age. Low maternal heritability estimates (ranging from 0.06 to 0.11) were observed for all growth traits. With the exception of correlation estimates involving the age at first calving, all other correlations were positive. High correlations (>0.85) were found mainly for the same trait at different ages. The results reported here will give support to genetic evaluations when reliable estimates for different traits in purebred Nellore cattle are not available.
Evidence affirming school supports for Australian transgender and gender diverse students
Authors: Jones Tiffany
Published: May 2017

Background
The United Nations (UN) and related UN bodies have recognised transgender and gender diverse (TGD) students’ rights at the global level to full equitable access to education, and specifically sexuality education, repeatedly. Methods: This article explores the available support for this equal access in Australia. It discusses TGD student rights in a range of Australian laws and education policies. Results: It shows how the inclusion of TGD students, particularly in sexuality education, is reinforced in the current Australian National Curricula. Finally, it considers research on Australian TGD students’ educational attainment, experiences of transphobic abuse and violence, and experiences in contexts where they do and do not have staff (and other) support. It also shows that contrary to the picture of TGD students as victims leading inherently negative lives often seen in research, this group is nevertheless capable of resilience and positive education activism, which promotes their wellbeing and social outcomes. Conclusion: It argues for a shift from harmful approaches of victimising TGD students or treating them only as victims, towards celebrating the contributions of these students to their schools and societies.
Physicochemical code for quinary protein interactions inEscherichia coli
Authors: Mu Xin , Choi Seongil , Lang Lisa , Mowray David , Dokholyan Nikolay V. , Danielsson Jens , Oliveberg Mikael
Published: May 2017

Significance

This study shows that the diffusive motions of proteins in live cells are by no means without control but follow simplistic physical−chemical rules that can be quantified and optimized through surface composition. Most strikingly, human proteins are observed to stick to the “foreign” environment of bacterial cells, whereas the bacterial analogue moves around freely. Even so, the human proteins can predictably be transformed to bacterial behavior with a few structurally benign surface mutations, and, conversely, the bacterial protein can be made to stick. The findings have not only fundamental implications for how protein function is controlled at the physical−chemical level but can also be used to adjust protein motion inEscherichia coliat will.
Discovery of a widespread metabolic pathway within and among phenolic xenobiotics
Authors: Ashrap Pahriya , Zheng Guomao , Wan Yi , Li Tong , Hu Wenxin , Li Wenjuan , Zhang Hong , Zhang Zhaobin , Hu Jianying
Published: May 2017

Significance

Organisms are exposed to a wide range of xenobiotics in the environment. Generally, metabolism of individual xenobiotics to water-soluble compounds is a primary defense against these compounds. In this study, we discovered that phenolic xenobiotics undergo a metabolic pathway to form lipophilic ester compounds, and the pathway occurred within and among different compounds in organisms. The pathway provided a mechanism for cross-talk reactions among different pollutants to form groups of unknown compounds during metabolic processes in organisms.
Understanding the essential proton-pumping kinetic gates and decoupling mutations in cytochrome
c
oxidase
Authors: Liang Ruibin , Swanson Jessica M. J. , Wikström Mårten , Voth Gregory A.
Published: May 2017

Significance

Understanding the molecular mechanism that enables the high proton-pumping efficiency of cytochrome
c
oxidase (C
c
O) is not only fundamentally important but also potentially useful in providing design principles for bio-inspired materials. To this end, much effort has been devoted to the D-channel mutants of C
c
O that impair proton pumping. In this study, we have used multiscale reactive molecular dynamics simulations to explicitly characterize the free-energy profiles of proton transport (PT) through the D-channel for several important mutants. Our results show that both the fast forward rate and the slow backward rate of PT in the D-channel are important kinetic gating elements to achieve high proton-pumping efficiency, the latter of which has been largely overlooked to date.
The emergence ofso-complementation in Chinese Pidgin English
Authors: Li Michelle
Published: May 2017

Sentential complementation is generally unmarked in Chinese Pidgin English (ChnP). However, around the middle of the 19th century, the wordsobegan to be used as a complementizer. This paper focuses on the origins ofsoas a complementizer in ChnP. An examination ofsoand another closely related expressionso fashion(‘so, like this’) shows that their meanings and functions can largely be attributed to the corresponding expressions in the source languages, namely Cantonesegam2(‘so, like this’) and Englishsoin its anaphoric function. As Cantonesegam2and Englishsoare not complementizers, it is hypothesized thatso-complementation is the result of reanalysis by which the anaphoricsois reinterpreted as a complementizer. It is further argued that the emergence ofso-complementation is facilitated by a common grammaticalization pathway whereby deictic expressions acquire grammatical functions such as that of complementizer.