bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGIC REBALANCING: SINO-US INTERPLAY IN THE SOUTH CHINA SEA
Authors: Munir Tajjalla , Sajjad Nimra
Published: September 2022

For the last three-decade, the United is acting as a hegemon in the world. Largely it has established the rules of world politics with its allies. Even in some areas (an example is the Iraq war), it acted unilaterally to achieve its foreign policy goals. But with the rise of China in the last couple of decades the balance of power is changing in some regions. Especially in the South China Sea where the United States has many allies and also its troops, China is asserting its power. The US is no longer the hegemon states in the South China Sea to develop rules of the game. The United States is working passionately to rebalance China in the South China Sea. The results of this rebalancing strategy are still unclear but it has created vulnerabilities for regional peace. This paper will analyze the great powers (the United States and China) competition in the South China Sea. It will explain the effect of this rivalry on regional peace. Secondary data is used in the study. Data was collected from books, research papers, prominent news agencies, and speeches of world leaders.

Keywords: Balance of Power, Deterrence, Strategic Stability, Soft Power, Freedom of Navigation, Second Cold War.
Effectiveness Of Classical Music Therapy And The Use Of Lavender Aromatherapy On Anxiety During Childbirth In Maternity
Authors: Sitiyaroh Nur
Published: September 2022

Anxiety is a feeling of discomfort or excessive fear of a person. Anxiety during childbirth is an inconvenience for the mother giving birth so that there is a fear of her birth. Anxiety can be overcome with non-pharmacological therapies such as classical music and lavender armmatherapy. To determine the effectiveness of classical music therapy and the use of lavender aromatherapy on anxiety during childbirth in women giving birth at Belinda Clinic. This study was conducted in a quasi-experimental one group pre-test and post-test design with a quantitative approach. The sample of this research is the total population of 30 mothers giving birth at Belinda Clinic by accidental sampling. when the research was conducted September, October, November, and December 2019. The results of univariate analysis are the majority of anxiety levels before being given treatment, namely moderate anxiety levels totaling 16 people (53.33%) and after treatment, the majority of mild anxiety levels are 18 people (60%). The results of the bivariate analysis showed that there was a difference before and after the level of anxiety during childbirth using classical music therapy and the use of lavender aromatherapy with a p-value of 0.000 Conclusions and Suggestions: the health sector, especially midwives, to reduce anxiety levels in maternity mothers by using classical music therapy and the use of lavender aromatherapy
Characteristics Of Family Support With Anxiety Levels For Palliative Cervical Cancer Patients At dr.Chasan Boesoerie Ternate City
Authors: Aja Nursia , Kurniawati Didik
Published: September 2022

Cancer is a disease caused by abnormal growth of cells body tissue that is in the body changes into cancer cells. The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics of family support and anxiety levels of palliative cervical cancer patients at dr. Chasan Boesoerie, Ternate City. This type of research is an analytical observational study with a cross-sectional cross-sectional technique, to describe and assess several characteristics of family support with anxiety levels of palliative cervical cancer patients. The population in this study were all mothers who examined cervical cancer at dr. Chasan Boesoirie 2021, 47 mothers. The sampling technique was carried out with the total sample. That is equal to 47 mothers with cervical cancer. Results: The results of the study show that the age of mothers who are not at risk is 66.0%, while the frequency of respondents with civil servant jobs is 40.4%, compared to the work of IRT/Not Working mothers of 10.6%, compared to good knowledge of 61, 7% compared to the knowledge of the mother less by 38.3%, and good family support by 55.3% compared to the less family support by 44.7%, while the greater source of information is in the newspapers by 66.0% compared to social media, namely by 34.0%. Conclusion: There needs to be cooperation from health workers, for example from hospitals, always providing information about cervical cancer, always checking regularly with obstetricians to avoid things that can trigger disease growth and can prevent cancer triggers.
EXPRESSIVE SPEECH ACT FOR SLB NEGERI 1 PADANG TEACHERS IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING PROCESS OF PSYCHO-PRAGMATIC STUDIES
Authors: Monika Tria , Rahmat Wahyudi , Tiawati Refa Lina
Published: September 2022

The problem in this research is that there are various expressive forms of the teacher's ability to create an interesting learning process through speech conveyed in an interesting learning process through speeches conveyed in the learning process at SLB Negeri 1 Padang. This study aims to describe the form and meaning of expressive speech acts of SLB Negeri 1 Padang teachers during the learning process. This type of research is qualitative research using descriptive methods. The data source of this research is the teachers of SLB Negeri 1 Padang. The data in this study is a recording of the teacher's speech strategy during the learning process. Data were collected using recording techniques and note taking techniques. The results of the data analysis show that the expressive speech acts of SLB Negeri 1 Padang teachers during the learning process were found in 40 expressive speech acts which were found in the teachers of SLB Negeri 1 Padang during the learning process, namely First, praising speech acts. Second, the speech act of saying thank you. Third, the speech act criticizes. Based on the speech acts found, the meaning contained in this study is referential meaning. So it can be concluded that when the learning process took place the SLB Negeri I Padang teacher used expressive speech, the speech used occurred there was no formal language provision, only the rules were language that could be understood between the two and did not use harsh language. The psychopragmatic study contained in the speech of the SLB Negeri 1 Padang teacher is seen from the situation in the context of the speech it uses, where when the teacher speaks the teacher's psychological state is good and happy, so this can also have a positive pragmatic psychological impact on his speech partners.
STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ABOUT ENGLISH TEXTBOOK “WHEN ENGLISH RINGS A BELL” CLASS VII USED IN CURRICULUM 2013 AT SMP 12 PADANG
Authors: Elfi Siti Zakiyah , Elmiati Elmiati , Suharni Suharni
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this research is to know students’ perception about exercises which is stated on English Textbook “When English Rings A Bell” class VII. Approach on this research is survey used cross sectional Survey with 56 participants from SMP 12 Padang. Researchers used random sampling. In collecting the data they used questioners and interview. Result of this research explain about students’ perception about exercises on English textbook “When English Rings A Bell” from component of the book. Furthermore, indicators of this research based on Garinger (2002) it states that the exercises contribute to learners language acquisition, balance with the format, should be progressive for the students, varying and challenging . So, students’ perception about exercises on the textbook are exercises on the textbook is interesting, because the book is colorful and has example of questions from exercises.  there has simple instruction and vocabulary on the textbook is familiar to the students. Exercises in gape filling is simple so they are able to fill it. However, exercises on essay form is difficult, because  the instruction consist of many difficult word. so, they are not able to do the exercise.
STUDENTS' COMMUNICATION STYLE IN SPEAKING CLASS AT STKIP PGRI SUMATERA BARAT
Authors: Ikhsan Muhammad Khairi
Published: September 2022

This research is aimed at investigating the types of students’ communicatin  style in speaking class. In teaching and learning proccess, the students ofcourse have different communication styles. It depends on the students’ skill and readiness in performing their skill of  communication in speaking class. This research, then belongs to descriptive with qualitative approach. The researcher used random sampling to determine the participants. There are 54 videos of the students’s speaking collected, meanwhile the researcher only takes 11 documents as the participants. The instruments of this research are video recordings and document checklists. There are three communication styles that the researcher concerned with, namely passive, aggessive, and assertive. From the research findings, it can be obviously stated that there are two communication styles found from the students’ speaking performace- they are passive and assertive. In brief, aggressive style is not found at all.Keywords: Communication style, speaking
DIFFERENCES IN USING THE TWO STAY TWO STRAY AND JIGSAW MODELS ON THE ABILITY OF WRITING EXPLANATION TEXTS FOR CLASS XI STUDENTS OF SMA
Authors: Fitri Rahayu , Yulianti Upit
Published: September 2022

This research aims to describe the following. First, the ability to write explanation texts for class XI SMA Negeri 13 Padang students who are taught using the Two Stay Two Stray model. Second, the ability to write explanation texts for class XI SMA Negeri 13 Padang students who are taught using the Jigsaw model. Third, the difference in the ability to write explanation texts for class XI students of SMA Negeri 13 Padang who are taught using the Two Stay Two Stray and Jigsaw models. This type of research is quantitative with experimental methods in the form of quasi-experimental research. This research uses the Non-equivalent Control Group Design. Sampling was done by using simple random sampling technique. In this study, class XI IPA 2 was assigned as the experimental class I, which consisted of 26 people and class XI IPS 1 as the experimental class II, which consisted of 27 people. Data were collected by using an explanatory text writing performance test. The results of this study are as follows. First, the ability to write explanation texts for class XI SMA Negeri 13 Padang students taught using the Two Stay Two Stray model is 83,6. Second, the ability to write explanation texts for class XI SMA Negeri 13 Padang students who are taught using the Jigsaw model is 81,2. Third, there is no  significant difference in the ability to write explanation texts of class XI SMA Negeri 13 Padang students who are taught with Two Stay Two Stray and Jigsaw models.
ABILITY TO WRITE BOOK REVIEWS USING THE GROUP INVESTIGATION MODEL FOR CLASS XI STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 2 RANAH PESISIR
Authors: Sulastri Trisna , Mana Lira Hayu Afdetis , Dwinitia Suci
Published: September 2022

Study this background by students who have not capable write review , because lack of interest student in write feedback , students also not enough give comment when the teacher explains Theory learning because the learning model used by the teacher is less varied . Study this aim for describe ability write book document official with using the investigative model group on student class XI SMAN 2 Ranah Coastal . Type study this is study quantitative with method descriptive . The Population in study this is student class XI SMAN 2 Ranah coastal , whereas sample is class XI IPS 2, with a total of 35 students . Data in study this in the form of score ability write review book with the investigative model group Study this conclude that ability average score write review book student class XI SMAN 2 Ranah Coastal with the investigative model group is at on level 76-85% mastery with qualification Good (B) with an average gain of . of 81.33. On indicator I ( title ) average count 93.33 with qualification very good (BS), average count indicator 2 ( book data ) 83.81 with qualification good (B), average count on indicator 3 ( opening ) 74.28 with qualification more from enough ( LdC ), then the average count indicator 4 ( content and reviewer content ) is 80 with qualification good (B) and average count indicator 5 ( closing ) 74.28 with qualification more from enough ( LdC ) ). Based on Thing that , can concluded that the Group Investigation model can used in increase ability write review book student class XI SMAN 2 Ranah Coastal .
EFL STUDENTS’ PERCEPTION ON USING QUIZIZZ APPLICATION: A SURVEY STUDY
Authors: Suharni Suharni , Amelia Marissa , Asty Herfyna
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to find out students' perception on the use of the Quizizz application in learning English at Junior High School in Riau. This present study employed a quantitative survey method with data taken from a questionnaire. The number of samples in this study were 50 students using purposive sampling. A structured item questionnaire was used as the instrument. The results showed that Quizizz application is easy to use. The students were happy in studying, had motivation and interest in learning English. Using Quizizz is more practical than doing exercises on paper, it also helps students to review the lessons, and reduce anxiety while doing exams. It can be concluded that students' perceptions were good on the use of the Quizizz application
Long–term upper–troposphere climatology of potential contrail occurrence over the Paris area derived from radiosonde observations
Authors: Wolf Kevin , Bellouin Nicolas , Boucher Olivier
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Condensations trails (or contrails) that form behind aircraft have been of climatic interest for many years. Yet their radiative forcing is still uncertain. A number of studies estimate the radiative impact of contrails to be similar or even larger than that of CO2 emitted by aviation. Hence, contrail mitigation may represent a significant opportunity to reduce the overall climate effect of aviation. Here we analyze an 8 year dataset of radiosonde observations from Trappes, France, in terms of the potential for contrail and induced cirrus formation. We focus on the contrail vertical and temporal distribution and test mitigation opportunities by changing flight altitudes and fuel type. Potential contrail formation is identified with the Schmidt–Appleman criterion (SAc). The uncertainty of the SAc, due to variations in aircraft type and age, is estimated by a sensitivity study and is found to be larger than the radiosonde measurement uncertainties. Linkages between potential contrail formation layers and the thermal tropopause as well as with the altitude of the jet stream maximum are determined. While non-persistent contrails form at the tropopause level and around 1.5 km above the jet stream, persistent contrails are located approximately 1.5 km below the thermal tropopause and at the altitude of the jet stream. The correlation between contrail formation layers and the thermal tropopause and jet stream maximum allows to use these quantities as proxies to identify potential contrail formation in numerical weather prediction models. The contrail mitigation potential is tested by varying today's flight altitude distribution. It is found that flying 0.8 km higher during winter and lowering flight altitude in summer reduces the probability for contrail formation. Furthermore, the effect of prospective jet engine developments and their influence on contrail formation are tested. An increase in propulsion efficiency leads to a general increase in the potential occurrence of non-persistent and persistent contrails. Finally, the impact of alternative fuels (ethanol, methane, and hydrogen) is estimated and found to generally increase the likelihood of non-persistent contrails and to a more limited extent persistent contrails.
Impact of cruising speed on the ship-based sampling of marine fog frequency
Authors: Yi Li , Li King-Fai
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Understanding secular changes in marine fog frequency is crucial for marine traffic planning under global change. Voluntary ship-based weather reports from community activities provide unique decadal records of marine weather conditions over world’s oceans, including visibility that implies the presence of marine fog. However, slowly changing external factors (such as the voyage technology, vessel types, etc.) may interfere with the secular changes in ship-based weather reports. Here we identify the cruising speed as an example of “target-induced” sampling biases in ship-based weather reports, where the fog itself causes the bias in its own sampling due to human’s decision. As a demonstration, we rectify the sampling bias in the marine fog frequency by multiplying the ratio of the cruising speeds under fog over the average cruising speeds under all weather conditions. The target-induced sampling biases may cause significant errors in the long-term trends of fog occurrences in the Okhotsk Sea, the Grand Banks, and the North Sea. Similar target-induced sampling biases may also be defined in the ship-based measurements of other weather phenomena.
Top-of-the-atmosphere reflected shortwave radiative fluxes from GOES-R
Authors: Pinker Rachel T. , Ma Yingtao , Chen Wen , Laszlo Istvan , Liu Hongqing , Kim Hye-Yun , Daniels Jaime
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Under the GOES-R activity, new algorithms are being
developed at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
(NOAA)/Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR) to derive
surface and top-of-the-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave (SW) radiative fluxes from
the Advanced Baseline Imager (ABI), the primary instrument on GOES-R. This
paper describes a support effort in the development and evaluation of the
ABI instrument capabilities to derive such fluxes. Specifically, scene-dependent narrow-to-broadband (NTB) transformations are developed to
facilitate the use of observations from ABI at the TOA. Simulations of NTB
transformations have been performed with MODTRAN 4.3 using an updated
selection of atmospheric profiles and implemented with the final ABI
specifications. These are combined with angular distribution models (ADMs),
which are a synergy of ADMs from the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy
System (CERES) and from simulations. Surface conditions at the scale of the
ABI products as needed to compute the TOA radiative fluxes come from the
International Geosphere–Biosphere Programme (IGBP). Land classifications at
1/6∘ resolution for 18 surface types are converted to the ABI 2 km
grid over the contiguous United States (CONUS) and
subsequently re-grouped to 12 IGBP types to match the classification of the
CERES ADMs. In the simulations, default information on aerosols and clouds
is based on that used in MODTRAN. Comparison of derived fluxes at the
TOA is made with those from CERES, and the level of agreement for both clear
and cloudy conditions is documented. Possible reasons for differences are
discussed. The product is archived and can be downloaded from the NOAA
Comprehensive Large Array-data Stewardship System (CLASS).
Millennial variations in atmospheric CO2 during the early Holocene (11.7–7.4 ka)
Authors: Shin Jinhwa , Ahn Jinho , Chowdhry Beeman Jai , Lee Hun-Gyu , Seo Jaemyeong Mango , Brook Edward J.
Published: September 2022

Abstract. We present a new high-resolution record of atmospheric
CO2 from the Siple Dome ice core, Antarctica, over the early Holocene
(11.7–7.4 ka) that quantifies natural CO2 variability on millennial
timescales under interglacial climate conditions. Atmospheric CO2
decreased by ∼10 ppm between 11.3 and 7.3 ka. The decrease
was punctuated by local minima at 11.1, 10.1, 9.1, and 8.3 ka with an amplitude of 2–4 ppm. Although the explanations of carbon cycle mechanisms remain uncertain due to insufficient paleoclimate records and model simulations, these variations correlate with proxies for solar forcing and local climate in the southeast Atlantic polar front, eastern equatorial Pacific, and North Atlantic. Additional CO2 measurements using better-quality ice cores and carbon cycle models are needed to confirm the observation.
Online measurements of cycloalkanes based on NO+ chemical ionization in proton transfer reaction time of flight mass spectrometry (PTR-ToF-MS)
Authors: Chen Yubin , Yuan Bin , Wang Chaomin , Wang Sihang , He Xianjun , Wu Caihong , Song Xin , Huangfu Yibo , Li Xiao-Bing , Liao Yijia , Shao Min
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Cycloalkanes are important trace hydrocarbons existing in the atmosphere, and they are considered as a major class of intermediate volatile organic compounds (IVOCs). Laboratory experiments showed that the yields of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) from oxidation of cycloalkanes are relatively higher than acyclic alkanes with the same carbon number. However, measurements of cycloalkanes in the atmosphere are still challenging at present. In this study, we show that online measurements of cycloalkanes can be achieved using proton transfer reaction time-of-flight mass spectrometry with NO+ chemical ionization (NO+ PTR-ToF-MS). Cyclic and bicyclic alkanes are ionized with NO+ via hydride ion transfer leading to major product ions of CnH2n-1+ and CnH2n-3+, respectively. As isomers of cycloalkanes, alkenes undergoes association reactions with major product ions of CnH2n•(NO)+, and concentrations of 1-alkenes and trans-2-alkenes in the atmosphere are usually significantly lower than cycloalkanes (about 25 % and <5 %, respectively), as the result inducing little interference to cycloalkanes detection in the atmosphere. Calibration of various cycloalkanes show similar sensitivities, associated with small humidity dependence. Appling this method, cycloalkanes were successfully measured at an urban site in southern China and a chassis dynamometer study for vehicular emissions. Concentrations of both cyclic and bicyclic alkanes are significant in urban air and vehicular emissions, with comparable cyclic alkanes/acyclic alkanes ratios between urban air and gasoline vehicles. These results demonstrates that NO+ PTR-ToF-MS provides a new complementary approach for fast characterization of cycloalkanes in both ambient air and emission sources, which can be helpful to fill the gap in understanding importance of cycloalkanes in the atmosphere.
A comprehensive geospatial database of nearly 100 000 reservoirs in China
Authors: Song Chunqiao , Fan Chenyu , Zhu Jingying , Wang Jida , Sheng Yongwei , Liu Kai , Chen Tan , Zhan Pengfei , Luo Shuangxiao , Yuan Chunyu , Ke Linghong
Published: September 2022

Abstract. With rapid population growth and socioeconomic development over the last century, a great number of dams/reservoirs have been constructed globally to meet various needs. China has strong economical and societal demands for constructing dams and reservoirs. The official statistics reported more than 98 000 dams/reservoirs in China, including nearly 40 % of the world's largest dams. Despite the availability of several global-scale dam/reservoir databases (e.g., the Global Reservoir and Dam database (GRanD), the GlObal geOreferenced Database of Dams (GOODD), and the Georeferenced global Dams And Reservoirs (GeoDAR)), these databases have insufficient coverage of the reservoirs in China, especially for small or newly constructed ones. The lack of reservoir information impedes the estimation of water budgets and the evaluation of dam impacts on hydrologic and nutrient fluxes for China and its downstream countries. Therefore, we presented the China Reservoir Dataset (CRD), which contains 97 435 reservoir polygons and fundamental attribute information (e.g., name and storage capacity) based on existing dam/reservoir products, national basic geographic datasets, multi-source open map data, and multi-level governmental yearbooks and databases. The reservoirs compiled in the CRD have a total maximum water inundation area of 50 085.21 km2 and a total storage capacity of about 979.62 km3 (924.96–1060.59 km3). The quantity of reservoirs decreases from the southeast to the northwest, and the density hotspots mainly occur in hilly regions and large plains, with the Yangtze River basin dominating in reservoir count, area, and storage capacity. We found that these spatial accumulations of reservoirs are closely related to China's socioeconomic development and the implementation of major policies. Finally, we presented the comparison of the CRD with GOODD, GeoDAR, and GRanD databases. The CRD has significantly increased the reservoir count, area, and storage capacity in China, especially for reservoirs smaller than 1 km2. The CRD database provides more comprehensive reservoir spatial and attribute information and is expected to benefit water resources managements and the understanding of ecological and environmental impacts of dams across China and its affected transboundary basins. The CRD database is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6984619 (Song et al., 2022).
Vectorized dataset of roadside noise barriers in China using street view imagery
Authors: Qian Zhen , Chen Min , Yang Yue , Zhong Teng , Zhang Fan , Zhu Rui , Zhang Kai , Zhang Zhixin , Sun Zhuo , Ma Peilong , Lü Guonian , Ye Yu , Yan Jinyue
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Roadside noise barriers (RNBs) are important urban
infrastructures to ensure that cities remain liveable. However, the absence of accurate and large-scale geospatial data on RNBs has impeded the increasing progress of rational urban planning, sustainable cities, and healthy environments. To address this problem, this study creates a vectorized RNB dataset in China using street view imagery and a geospatial artificial intelligence framework. First, intensive sampling is performed on the road network of each city based on OpenStreetMap, which is used as the georeference for downloading 6×106 Baidu Street View (BSV) images. Furthermore, considering the prior geographic knowledge contained in street view images, convolutional neural networks incorporating image context information (IC-CNNs) based on an ensemble learning strategy are developed to detect RNBs from the BSV images. The RNB dataset presented by polylines is generated based on the identified RNB locations, with a total length of 2667.02 km in 222 cities. Last, the quality of the RNB dataset is evaluated from two perspectives, i.e., the detection accuracy and the completeness and positional accuracy. Specifically, based on a set of randomly selected samples containing 10 000 BSV images, four quantitative metrics are calculated, with an overall accuracy of 98.61 %, recall of 87.14 %, precision of 76.44 %, and F1 score of 81.44 %. A total length of 254.45 km of roads in different cities are manually surveyed using BSV images to evaluate the mileage deviation and overlap level between the generated and surveyed RNBs. The root mean squared error for the mileage deviation is 0.08 km, and the intersection over union for overlay level is 88.08 % ± 2.95 %. The evaluation results suggest that the generated RNB dataset is of high quality and can be applied as an accurate and reliable dataset for a variety of large-scale urban studies, such as estimating the regional solar photovoltaic potential, developing 3D urban models, and designing rational urban layouts. Besides that, the benchmark dataset of the labeled BSV images can also support more work on RNB detection, such as developing more advanced deep learning algorithms, fine-tuning the existing computer vision models, and analyzing geospatial scenes in BSV. The generated vectorized RNB dataset and the benchmark dataset of labeled BSV imagery are publicly available at https://doi.org/10.11888/Others.tpdc.271914 (Chen, 2021).
LPJ-GUESS/LSMv1.0: a next-generation land surface model with high ecological realism
Authors: Martín Belda David , Anthoni Peter , Wårlind David , Olin Stefan , Schurgers Guy , Tang Jing , Smith Benjamin , Arneth Almut
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Land biosphere processes are of central importance to the climate system. Specifically, ecosystems interact with the atmosphere through a variety of feedback loops that modulate energy, water, and CO2 fluxes between the land surface and the atmosphere across a wide range of temporal and spatial scales. Human land use and land cover modification add a further level of complexity to land–atmosphere interactions. Dynamic global vegetation models (DGVMs) attempt to capture land ecosystem processes and are increasingly incorporated into Earth system models (ESMs), which makes it possible to study the coupled dynamics of the land biosphere and the climate. In this work we describe a number of modifications to the LPJ-GUESS DGVM, aimed at enabling direct integration into an ESM. These include energy balance closure, the introduction of a sub-daily time step, a new radiative transfer scheme, and improved soil physics. The implemented modifications allow the model (LPJ-GUESS/LSM) to simulate the diurnal exchange of energy, water, and CO2 between the land ecosystem and the atmosphere and thus provide surface boundary conditions to an atmospheric model over land. A site-based evaluation against FLUXNET2015 data shows reasonable agreement between observed and modelled sensible and latent heat fluxes. Differences in predicted ecosystem function between standard LPJ-GUESS and LPJ-GUESS/LSM vary across land cover types. We find that the emerging ecosystem composition and carbon fluxes are sensitive to both the choice of stomatal conductance model and the response of plant water uptake to soil moisture. The new implementation described in this work lays the foundation for using the well-established LPJ-GUESS DGVM as an alternative land surface model (LSM) in coupled land–biosphere–climate studies, where an accurate representation of ecosystem processes is essential.
Spatial accessibility of emergency medical services under inclement weather: A case study in Beijing, China
Authors: Zhang Yuting , Liu Kai , Ni Xiaoyong , Wang Ming , Zheng Jianchun , Liu Mengting , Yu Dapeng
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The accessibility of emergency medical services (EMSs) is not only determined by the distribution of emergency medical facilities but is also very vulnerable to weather conditions. Inclement weather could affect the efficiency of the city's traffic network and further affect the response time of EMSs, which could therefore be an essential impact factor on the safety of human lives. This study proposes an EMS-accessibility quantification method based on selected indicators and explores the influence of inclement weather on EMS accessibility and identifies the hot spots that have difficulty accessing timely EMSs. A case study was implemented in Beijing, which is a typical megacity in China, based on the ground-truth traffic data of the whole city in 2019. The results show that inclement weather has a general negative impact on EMS accessibility. The 15-min EMS coverage rate of the area could have a maximum reduction of 13 % at the citywide scale and could reach over 40 % in some suburban townships. Although on the whole, the urban area would have more traffic speed reduction, towns with lower baseline EMS accessibility is more vulnerable to inclement weather, furthermore, the proportion of elderly population in these towns is also higher than the average level of the whole city. Under the worst scenario in 2019, 12.6 % of population (about 3.5 million) could not get EMS within 15 minutes, compared to 7.5 % with the normal condition. This study could provide a scientific reference for city planning departments to optimize traffic under inclement weather and the site selection of emergency medical facilities.
Chaos in 2-d Bohmian Trajectories
Authors: Tzemos Athanasios , Contopoulos George
Published: September 2022

We make a short review of the most general mechanism for the generation of chaos in 2-d Bohmian trajectories, the so called `nodal point-X-point complex' (NPXPC) mechanism. The presentation is based on numerical calculations made with Maple and is enriched with new results on the details of the generation of chaos, and the form of the potential around the NPXPC.
MYMathApps Calculus: Maple Plots
Authors: Yasskin Philip
Published: September 2022

I am writing an online Calculus text called MYMathApps Calculus. You can see a sample at           https://mymathapps.com/mymacalc-sample/The text is highly interactive and visual. Nearly all of the graphics have been made with Maple, both 2D and 3D, static and animated. The use of plots and animated plots helps students understand concepts such as

the definitions of a derivative as the limit of slopes of secant lines, an integral as limits of Riemann sums, partial derivatives as slopes of traces, curvature and torsion, tangential and normal acceleration, divergence and curl, multiple integrals, curvilinear coordinates and Jacobians.

the proofs of the triangle inequality, the mean value theorem and formulas for applications of integrals.

plotting functions, polar curves, and parametric curves and surfaces.

solving applied problems involving linear approximation, related rates, max/min, area, arc length, surface area, volumes by slicing, volumes of revolution, work, mixing problems, geometric series, Taylor series, directional derivatives, Lagrange multipliers, expansion and circulation.

how to use the right hand rule in Green’s, Stokes’ and Gauss’ theorems.
Business As Usual
Authors: Byrne Richard
Published: September 2022

The top down way of making changes occurs when a decision is made at the top leadership level about what technology is going to be used. Usually, everyone else has little to no control over the situation. If you were to say, “We’re going to get this computer, and you do with it whatever you want to do,” that certainly would lead to corporate chaos. It can lead to a lot of conflict in the technology, as well as the software you use. However, this entire process can provide you with a greater sense of personal control, as if you own the technology.
Identification of Best Rate and Split Application of Nitrogen Fertilizer for Sudangrass Hybrid (Sorghum Vulgare Var. Sudanense)
Authors: AL-Aboudy Safa B. A.
Published: September 2022

The study was conducted in Agriculture College farm / Basra University – Karmat Ali location, during autumnal season / 2020, to study the effects of Nitrogen fertilizer levels (0, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha-1), and three split application of nitrogen fertilizer which is: (¼ after two weeks of sowing, + ½ after the first cut + ¼ after the second cut , ½ after two weeks of sowing + ¼ after the first cut + ¼ after the second cut, ⅓ after two weeks of sowing, + ⅓ after the first cut + ⅓ after the second cut) symbolized by D1, D2, and D3 respectively, on growth and green forage of the hybrid of Sudan grass. The experiment was split-plots in R.C.B.D design with three replicates, the main plots included the nitrogen fertilizer, while split application were placed in the sub plots. . The results showed that the level 200 kg N ha-1 was superior and gave the highest in most of the growth parameters, as well as the highest green forage yield of 66.196, 82.407 and 20,533 μg ha-1, for the three cuts respectively.The split application of nitrogen fertilizer (D2) achieved the highest plant height, number of branches, number of leaves, also D2 achieved the highest green forage yield in the first and second cuts were 57.382 and 71,855 μg ha-1. The interaction of 200 kg N ha-1 with D2 gave the highest green forage yield at the first cutting of 72.333 μg ha-1, while, at the second cutting the level of 200 kg N ha-1 with D1 was gave the highest average green forage yield of 84.853 μg ha-1
Effect of different packaging treatments of Urea fertilizer and agricultural distances between lines and plants on the yield of sunflower
Authors: Hassan Shurooq Abbas , Al-Refai Shaimaa Ibraheem
Published: September 2022

This experiment was applied according to the arrangement of split plots design by using a randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D) with three replications, the planting distances were filled with (40 ×40), (50×50), (60×60), and (70×70) for the main plots, while the packaging parameters (Zeolite + cement) were set. And (white cement only), (zeolite only) and regular (comparative) urea in the secondary plates (subplot). The result showed the significant effect of planting distances between lines and plants, as the distance (70×70) was superior to the traits of the weight of 1000 grains and the yield, the individual plant gm plant-1 78.00 gm and 78.48 gm plant-1 respectively The distance (40×40) was superior by giving the highest rate for the trait of total grain was 79.92 g, while the distance (70×70) and the packaging treatment (zeolite only) superior by giving the highest mean for the trait of the yield of the individual plant gm plant which reached which reached 80.30 gm.
Qualitative Analysis of Maqasid Al Shariah Based Model in Islamic Banks: A Way Forward
Authors: Khalil Muhammad Nadeem , Hussain Talat
Published: September 2022

Islamic banking has made tremendous growth in the last few years all over the world. However, people are not satisfied with the performance of Islamic banks with respect to their contribution to alleviating poverty and equitable distribution of wealth, achievement of socio-economic welfare, and human well-being. Therefore there is a need to critically review the current practices of Islamic banks and assess the need to develop a model of Islamic banking in the light of Maqasid al Shariah which can contribute to socio-economic welfare and human well-being of people by eradicating poverty and concentration of wealth. For this purpose, this study employs exploratory, qualitative research in which semi-structured face-to-face interviews are conducted with renowned Shariah scholars, Shariah Supervisory Board (SBB) members of Islamic banks, and renowned academicians. The grounded theory research approach is used in this study using NVIVO data analysis software. The results of this study show there is a dire need to develop a model of Islamic banking in the light of Maqasid al Shariah for the socio-economic welfare of the people. Both Islamic and conventional banks are in a capitalistic paradigm. Hurdles created due to a capitalistic mindset should be removed. Islamic banks could not bring a visible change in society with respect to the alleviation of poverty and the social well-being of the people. A new model focusing on achieving Maqasid al Shariah for the welfare of not only Muslims but all human beings on earth is the need of the hour in which socio-economic welfare should be given the primary role in the current practices of Islamic banks.
Effect of Different Doses of Dexmedetomidine on Hemodynamic Response During Laryngoscopy and Tracheal Intubation: A Comparative Prospective Study in GMC Jammu
Authors: Shagufta Dr. , Gurtoo Dr. Hitesha
Published: September 2022

Background: Our study was conceptualised to evaluate and compare the effects of two different doses of dexmedetomidine infusion after single loading dose not only for attenuation of hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and intubation but also to evaluate the efficacy to reduce post-operative analgesic requirement and its effect on sedation score post-operatively.
Methods: This prospective randomized study was conducted in the postgraduate Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive care, Government Medical College, Jammu after getting approval from Institutional ethical committee. Around 120 patients of either sex ranging in age from 18 to 60 years, belonging to ASA physical status grade 1 and 2, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy under general anaesthesia with endotracheal intubation were enrolled for the study.
Results: Dexmedetomidine infusion of 0.5 m g/kg /h after loading dose of 1 mg/kg resulted in stable, steady and smooth reduction in heart rate, and arterial blood pressure with no episode of severe hypotension or other adverse event. The total analgesic requirement in 24 hours in group D1 was 123.83±6.08 mg. The total analgesic requirement in 24 hours in group D2 was 83.72±4.28 mg. The difference between the two groups was statistically significant.
Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine infusion of 0.5 mg/kg /h after loading dose of 1 mg/kg successfully maintained hemodynamic stability both intraoperatively and postoperatively. This dose increased the pain free period postoperatively, thus reducing the total analgesic requirement. Dexmedetomidine can, therefore, be considered an anaesthetic adjuvant in laparoscopic cholecystectomy and infusion dose of 0.5mg/kg/h is better than 0.2 mg/kg/ h after loading dose of 1 mg/kg.

Keywords: Dexmedetomidine; hemodynamic response; tracheal intubation.
Determination of reference ranges of plasma glycosaminoglycans in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Mumtaz Humayun , Aamir Muhammad , Khalid Usama Bin , Ahmad Shakeel , Shah Shahrukh
Published: September 2022

Objective: To determine reference ranges of plasma glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in a population presenting at a tertiary care centre of Department of Chemical Pathology and Endocrinology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi from January 2020 to December 2020.Methodology: An observational cross-sectional study which involved one hundred and twenty (120) disease-free healthy population was selected by non-probability consecutive sampling at a 90% confidence interval with a 5% margin of error. Plasma glycosaminoglycans were assayed by manual ELISA technique. The study population was stratified according to gender. Normality of data was assessed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. Dixon range test was employed to find outliers. After removing the outliers, mean ±, SD was calculated for plasma GAG levels (mg/L). Sex-specific reference values were determined Results: In our study, the total male population was 62 (51.7%), while the female was 58 (48.3%) in the disease-free population (n=120). The overall GAG levels were calculated as 24.12±7.9 mg/l in blood samples against the reference range of 11.48-36.76 mg/l. In males, GAG levels were found as 24.67±6.65 against a reference range of 11.67-37.7 mg/l, while in females, it was 22.22±5.36 against the reference interval of 11.71-32.73 mg/l.Conclusion: The reference range for plasma GAG was found 11.48-36.76 mg/l in our study population. GAG levels differ significantly among males and females with reference ranges of 11.67-37.7 mg/l and 11.71-32.73 mg/l, respectively.
Legal Etik Euthanasia: Kajian Yuridis, Filosofis, dan Agama
Authors: Rudy  Habibie
Published: September 2022

Praktik mengakhiri hidup seseorang yang menderita secara fisik tanpa rasa sakit masih menjadi perdebatan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji legal etik euthanasia dalam aspek yuridis, filosofis, dan agama. Jenis penelitian ialah penelitian hukum normatif dengan tehnik pengumpulan data melalui studi kepustakaan. Euthanasia di Indonesia, belum terdapat regulasi atau peraturan yang legal diterapkan. satu-satunya yang dapat dipakai sebagai landasan hukum adalah apa yang terdapat dalam Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana Indonesia itupun hanya menyangkut euthanasia aktif volunter. Eutanasia merupakan perbuatan yang melanggar Kode Etik Kedokteran Indonesia, perbuatan yang tidak beretika, amoral, bahkan melanggar hukum. Dari aspek norma hukum terutama hukum pidana, pengaturan eutanasia berhubungan erat dengan kepentingan perseorangan menyangkut perlindungan terhadap nyawa seseorang. Hukum (agama) Islam tidak membenarkan euthanasia karena hak hidup atau mati seseorang bukanlah merupakan hak otonom manusia, melainkan yang berhak menghidupkan atau mematikan hanyalah Allah.
Tindak Pidana Penipuan terhadap Iklan yang Menyesatkan dan Merugikan Konsumen
Authors: Burhan Iyaomil Achir , Sofyan Andi Muhammad , Azisa Nur
Published: September 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk penipuan dan pertanggungjawaban hukum terhadap iklan yang dapat menyesatkan dan merugikan konsumen. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif (legal research). Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan meliputi pendekatan perundang-undangan (statute approach), pendekatan kasus (case approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Iklan yang menyesatkan dan merugikan konsumen terbagi menajdi 3 (tiga) jenis yaitu Bait Advertising, Blind Advertising dan False Advertising. Ditinjau dari perspektif hukum pidana, iklan yang menyesatkan dan merugikan konsumen merupakan suatu tindak pidana, yaitu penipuan. Pelaku Usaha yang paling memiliki peran penting dalam periklanan dan berperan penting dalam dimintai pertanggungjawaban terkait dengan ketidakbenaran informasi yang terkandung dalam suatu iklan (barang dan/atau jasa) yang menyesatkan dan mengakibatkan kerugian terhadap konsumen yang mengonsumsi atau memakai barang tersebut. Pelaku usaha periklanan yang harus bertanggung jawab atas kerugian yang di alami konsumen adalah pengiklan, perusahaan iklan, dan media iklan. Konsumen yang dirugikan oleh pihak pelaku usaha bisa menuntut berdasarkan wanprestasi dan perbuatan melawan hukum. Ini merupakan bentuk pertanggungjawaban secara perdata. Selain itu, pelaku usaha dapat dituntut secara pidana apabila dapat dibuktikan unsur-unsur kesalahannya
The Impacts of Leadership Style on Innovative Work Behaviour During Covid-19 Pandemic in Oman
Authors: Ali Fadhil Ali Bakhit , Kumarasamy Mokana Muthu , Jamaluddin Zaharuzaman , Mubarak Samah M. A.
Published: September 2022

Pandemics present different challenges for leaders, organizations, and subordinates. During the Covid19 pandemic, all organizations faced challenges, including constant regulatory changes, for social, business, and economic conversions to protection and safety. The important challenge highlighted by the pandemic is how leaders can inspire and retain creative work behaviour when all employees work from home, and what leadership style will help the company succeed and survive. On the other hand, the researcher looks to be in a unique position to explore the influence of the Covid19 pandemic on leadership style and innovative work behaviour. In the meanwhile, the earlier research explored the significant role of leadership on innovativeness and sustainability. By hiring managers from several industries across the Sultanate of Oman, this study explores the influence of leadership style on innovative work behaviour during the covid19 epidemic. For data collection, a quantitative method was adopted, with a structured questionnaire sent out through email to a randomly chosen sample of managers in two large cities. The researchers employed descriptive statistics and statistical inference to analyze the correlation and multiple regression using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0. The key results of the research were that transformational leadership has a considerable beneficial influence on employee innovative work behaviour, but transactional leadership has no such effect.
Beyond Jewish Racial Justice Activism
Authors: Langer Armin
Published: September 2022

The novel coronavirus crisis exposed deep racial inequalities in the United States. People of color are disproportionately affected by the pandemic and its economic impact. These social inequalities, paired with anti-Black racist violence by the police, led to a series of racial justice protests under the umbrella of Black Lives Matter. Many Jews participated and supported these anti-racist efforts. But can Jewish tradition guide us in tackling racist injustices in the twenty-first century? This article will present some dilemmas surrounding traditional Jewish teachings and whether they can help address racial justice today.