bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The compendium of matrix metalloproteinase expression in the left ventricle of mice following myocardial infarction
Authors: Kaminski Amanda R. , Moore Edwin T. , Daseke Michael J. , Valerio Fritz M. , Flynn Elizabeth R. , Lindsey Merry L.
Published: February 2020

Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes that break down extracellular matrix (ECM) components and have shown to be highly active in the myocardial infarction (MI) landscape. In addition to breaking down ECM products, MMPs modulate cytokine signaling and mediate leukocyte cell physiology. MMP-2, -7, -8, -9, -12, -14, and -28 are well studied as effectors of cardiac remodeling after MI. Whereas 13 MMPs have been evaluated in the MI setting, 13 MMPs have not been investigated during cardiac remodeling. Here, we measure the remaining MMPs across the MI time continuum to provide the full catalog of MMP expression in the left ventricle after MI in mice. We found that MMP-10, -11, -16, -24, -25, and -27 increase after MI, whereas MMP-15, -17, -19, -21, -23b, and -26 did not change with MI. For the MMPs increased with MI, the macrophage was the predominant cell source. This work provides targets for investigation to understand the full complement of specific MMP roles in cardiac remodeling.

NEW & NOTEWORTHY To date, a number of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have not been evaluated in the left ventricle after myocardial infarction (MI). This article supplies the missing knowledge to provide a complete MI MMP compendium.
Investigation on Flooding‐Resistant Performance of Integral Abutment and Jointless Bridge
Authors: Zhuang Yizhou , Wu Keyao , Xu Liang , Li Huihui , Barbieri Diego Maria , Fu Zhumei
Published: February 2020

Bridge washouts connected to flood events are deemed one of the main reasons for structural collapse. Compared to traditional continuous jointed bridges, integral abutment and jointless bridges (IAJBs) have better lateral stability because there are no expansion devices. The mechanical performance of Shangban IAJ bridge, located in Fujian, China, is thoroughly investigated by Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The numerical model is created and validated based on experimental results obtained from static load tests performed on the bridge. A detailed parametric analysis is carried out to assess the correlation between the flood‐resistant performance and a number of parameters: skew angle, water‐blocking area, span number, pile section geometry, and abutment height. Except for the abutment height, other parameters significantly affect the bridge performance. Furthermore, the change in the span number has a meaningful impact only when fewer than four spans are modeled. Finally, pushover analyses estimate the maximum transverse displacement and the sequence of plastic hinge creation as well as the mechanical behaviour of the structure under lateral flood loads. The analysis results show that IAJBs have better flooding‐resistant performance than conventional jointed bridges.
Ethnobotanical Description and Biological Activities of Senna alata
Authors: Oladeji Oluwole Solomon , Adelowo Funmilayo Enitan , Oluyori Abimbola Peter , Bankole Deborah Temitope
Published: February 2020

Senna alata is a medicinal herb of Leguminosae family. It is distributed in the tropical and humid regions. The plant is traditionally used in the treatment of typhoid, diabetes, malaria, asthma, ringworms, tinea infections, scabies, blotch, herpes, and eczema. The review is aimed at unveiling the ethnobotanical description and pharmacological activities of S. alata. Different parts of the plant are reported in folk medicine as therapeutic substances for remediation of diverse diseases and infections. The extracts and isolated compounds displayed pronounced pharmacological activities. Display of antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, dermatophytic, anticancer, hepatoprotective, antilipogenic, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, antimalarial, anthelmintic, and antiviral activities could be due to the array of secondary metabolites such as tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenes, anthraquinone, saponins, phenolics, cannabinoid alkaloids, 1,8‐cineole, caryophyllene, limonene, α‐selinene, β‐caryophyllene, germacrene D, cinnamic acid, pyrazol‐5‐ol, methaqualone, isoquinoline, quinones, reducing sugars, steroids, and volatile oils present in different parts of the plant. The review divulges the ethnobotanical and pharmacological activities of the plant and also justifies the ethnomedical claims. The significant medicinal value of this plant necessitates a scientific adventure into the bioactive metabolites which constitute various extracts.
Patterns of Anthracycline-Based Chemotherapy-Induced Adverse Drug Reactions and Their Impact on Relative Dose Intensity among Women with Breast Cancer in Ethiopia: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Gadisa Diriba Alemayehu , Assefa Mathewos , Tefera Gosaye Mekonen , Yimer Getnet
Published: February 2020

Background. The breast cancer chemotherapy leads to diverse aspects of noxious or unintended adverse drug reactions (ADRs) that cause the relative dose intensity (RDI) reduced to below optimal (i.e., if the percentage of actual dose received per unit time divided by planned dose per unit time is less than 85%). Hence, this prospective observational study was conducted to evaluate chemotherapy-induced ADRs and their impact on relative dose intensity among women with breast cancer in Ethiopia. Methods. The study was conducted with a cohort of 146 patients from January 1 to September 30, 2017, Gregorian Calendar (GC) at the only nationwide oncology center, Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital (TASH), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The ADRs of the chemotherapy were collected using the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) (version 4.03). The patients were personally interviewed for subjective toxicities, and laboratory results and supportive measures were recorded at each cycle. SPSS version 22 was used for analysis. Results. Grade 3 neutropenia (23 (15.8%)) was the most frequently reported ADR among grade 3 hematological toxicity on cycle 4. However, overall grade fatigue (136 (93.2%)) and grade 3 nausea (31 (21.2%)) were the most frequently reported nonhematological toxicities on cycle 1. The majority of ADRs were reported during the first four cycles except for peripheral neuropathy. Oral antibiotics and G-CSF use (17 (11.6%)) and treatment delay (31 (21.2%)) were frequently reported on cycle 3. Overall, 61 (41.8%) and 42 (28.8%) of study participants experienced dose delay and used G-CSF, respectively, at least once during their enrollment. Of the 933 interventions observed, 95 (10%) cycles were delayed due to toxicities in which neutropenia attributed to the delay of 89 cycles. Forty-four (30.1%) of the patients received overall RDI < 85%. Pretreatment hematological counts were significant predictors (P<0.05) for the incidence of first cycle hematological toxicities such as neutropenia, anemia, and leukopenia and nonhematological toxicities like vomiting. Conclusion. Ethiopian women with breast cancer on anthracycline-based AC and AC-T chemotherapy predominantly experienced grade 1 to 3 hematological and nonhematological ADRs, particularly during the first four cycles. Neutropenia was the only toxicity that led to RDI < 85%. Thus, enhancing the utilization of G-CSF and other supportive measures will improve RDI to above 85%.
Stability Analysis of Systems with Interval Time-Varying Delays via a New Integral Inequality
Authors: Ren Zerong , Tian Jun-kang
Published: February 2020

This paper focuses on delay-dependent stability analysis for systems with interval time-varying delays. Based on a new integral inequality and a generalized reciprocally convex combination matrix inequality, a new delay-dependent stability criterion is obtained in terms of a linear matrix inequality (LMI). Finally, the merits of the proposed criterion are shown by two numerical examples.
Clinico-Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Ruminant’s Cutaneous Papillomavirus in Iraq
Authors: AL- Salihi Karima A. , Al-Dabhawi Ahmed H. , Ajeel Ali Abbass , Erzuki Ibrahim A. , Ali Tho Alfiqar H.
Published: February 2020

The papilloma viruses are constituted of double-stranded DNA and are a more common lesion in ruminant’s skin in Iraq. The p53 tumor suppressor protein reveals an essential role in cell cycle control. This study intends to investigate the clinical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical features of cutaneous papilloma in ruminants in Iraq. Samples had been collected from a total of 10 animals (three cattle, three goats, and four sheep) with multiple papillomatosis lesions. The samples were processed for histopathological and immunohistochemical techniques. Clinically, the lesions appeared as multiple various sizes (0.5–11 cm), cauliflower exophytic masses on different parts of the animal’s body. The histopathological features of the epidermis granular layer revealed perinuclear vacuolation (koilocytosis) accompanied by various degrees of hypergranulosis, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis, orthokeratosis, and parakeratosis. Strong positive reaction for papillomavirus antigen was seen in both epidermal basal and granular layers in the immunohistochemical investigation (IHC). Moreover, all papilloma lesions revealed an intense positive p53 reaction in cytoplasmic and perinuclear of the basal and parabasal layers. In conclusion, this study described the papillomavirus lesions in bovine, ovine, and caprine animals, which were found in different parts areas of the affected animals. All lesions show similar histopathological features with minor variations. PV antigen and p53 protein expression showed positive results in immunohistochemistry that can be used as diagnostic markers for ruminant’s papilloma.
Master of the Masquerade: An Atypical Presentation of Acute Aortic Dissection
Authors: Mando Ramy , Tim Daniel , DeCicco Anthony , Trivax Justin , Hanson Ivan
Published: February 2020

Acute aortic dissection (AAD) is associated with unacceptably high mortality rate. As such, early diagnosis and aggressive management are essential in order to avoid life-threatening complications. Herein, we report an atypical presentation of AAD and clinical sequelae.
Optimizing the Junction-Tree-Based Reinforcement Learning Algorithm for Network-Wide Signal Coordination
Authors: Zhao Yi , Ma Jianxiao , Shen Linghong , Qian Yong
Published: February 2020

This study develops three measures to optimize the junction-tree-based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithm, which will be used for network-wide signal coordination. The first measure is to optimize the frequency of running the junction-tree algorithm (JTA) and the intersection status division. The second one is to optimize the JTA information transmission mode. The third one is to optimize the operation of a single intersection. A test network and three test groups are built to analyze the optimization effect. Group 1 is the control group, group 2 adopts the optimizations for the basic parameters and the information transmission mode, and group 3 adopts optimizations for the operation of a single intersection. Environments with different congestion levels are also tested. Results show that optimizations of the basic parameters and the information transmission mode can improve the system efficiency and the flexibility of the green light, and optimizing the operation of a single intersection can improve the efficiency of both the system and the individual intersection. By applying the proposed optimizations to the existing JTA-based RL algorithm, network-wide signal coordination can perform better.
A Parallel Splitting Augmented Lagrangian Method for Two-Block Separable Convex Programming with Application in Image Processing
Authors: Liu Jing , Duan Yongrui , Wang Tonghui
Published: February 2020

The augmented Lagrangian method (ALM) is one of the most successful first-order methods for convex programming with linear equality constraints. To solve the two-block separable convex minimization problem, we always use the parallel splitting ALM method. In this paper, we will show that no matter how small the step size and the penalty parameter are, the convergence of the parallel splitting ALM is not guaranteed. We propose a new convergent parallel splitting ALM (PSALM), which is the regularizing ALM’s minimization subproblem by some simple proximal terms. In application this new PSALM is used to solve video background extraction problems and our numerical results indicate that this new PSALM is efficient.
Effect of the Dynamic Macroeconomic Fluctuation on the Stability of a Banking Network System with Scale-Free Structure
Authors: Gao Qianqian , Fan Hong
Published: February 2020

The stability of banking system has caused wide concerns since the global financial crisis. The present paper focuses on studying the stability of a banking network system in the case that the banking network system suffers the dynamic macroeconomic fluctuation shocks. We firstly construct a banking network system with a scale-free structure, then let the banking network system suffer the dynamic macroeconomic fluctuation (here, we consider three kinds of situations; the macro economy fluctuates in downward, upward, and random trends, respectively). Then, we study the stability of the banking network system under each situation. Firstly, the results show that the scale-free topology has an important effect on the stability of the banking network system at each macroeconomic fluctuation situation. Secondly, the investment payback period and the ratio of investment to deposit have a large effect on the stability of the banking network system in the cases of dynamic macroeconomic fluctuation. In addition, our further studies find that there is an optimal ratio of the investment to deposit under various macroeconomic fluctuation scenarios, which divides the banking system into stable and unstable regions. Finally, we discuss the regulation strategies for banks, which may provide decision supports for the relevant regulatory authority.
Postharvest Application of Aloe vera Gel-Based Edible Coating to Improve the Quality and Storage Stability of Fresh-Cut Papaya
Authors: Farina Vittorio , Passafiume Roberta , Tinebra Ilenia , Scuderi Dario , Saletta Filippo , Gugliuzza Giovanni , Gallotta Alessandra , Sortino Giuseppe
Published: February 2020

Ready-to-eat products are damaged by various factors, including exposure to O2 and CO2, extreme temperatures, and rapid decay, due to trauma during processing. The use of natural antimicrobial agents and antioxidants might extend the shelf-life of the fruits. The aim of this work is to investigate the effects of four different antibrowning and gelling agents added into the Aloe vera gel-based edible coatings and applied to fresh-cut papaya. EC1 treatment consists of Aloe vera gel (30% v/v), EC2 contains CaCl2 (5% v/v), EC3 contains K carrageenan (0.5% v/v), and EC4 contains sodium alginate (1.5% v/v) and K carrageenan (0.5% v/v). The fruits treated with EC2 showed the best results while maintaining high values in terms of firmness (that differ from the control of 42.5%), soluble solid content (that differ from the control of 14.6%), and titratable acidity (that differ from the control of 49%). Hence, the addition of CaCl2 also reduces the ripening rate and loss of color without altering the product’s sensory qualities. EC3 and EC4 treatments have provided an oxygen barrier and reduced respiratory rate, increasing the firmness retention and keeping a high C∗ value thanks to K carrageenan and sodium alginate.
Evaluating the Accuracy of Bluetooth-Based Travel Time on Arterial Roads: A Case Study of Perth, Western Australia
Authors: Liu Yuchen , Xia Jianhong (Cecilia) , Phatak Aloke
Published: February 2020

Bluetooth (BT) time-stamped media access control (MAC) address data have been used for traffic studies worldwide. Although Bluetooth (BT) technology has been widely recognised as an effective, low-cost traffic data source in freeway traffic contexts, it is still unclear whether BT technology can provide accurate travel time (TT) information in complex urban traffic environments. Therefore, this empirical study aims to systematically evaluate the accuracy of BT travel time estimates in urban arterial contexts. There are two major hurdles to deriving accurate TT information for arterial roads: the multiple detection problem and noise in BT estimates. To date, they have not been fully investigated, nor have well-accepted solutions been found. Using approximately two million records of BT time-stamped MAC address data from twenty weekdays, this study uses five different BT TT-matching methods to investigate and quantify the impact of multiple detection problems and the noise in BT TT estimates on the accuracy of average BT travel times. Our work shows that accurate Bluetooth-based travel time information on signalised arterial roads can be derived if an appropriate matching method can be selected to smooth out the remaining noise in the filtered travel time estimates. Overall, average-to-average and last-to-last matching methods are best for long (>1 km) and short (≤1 km) signalised arterial road segments, respectively. Furthermore, our results show that the differences between BT and ground truth average TTs or speeds are systematic, and adding a calibration is a pragmatic method to correct inaccurate BT average TTs or speeds. The results of this research can help researchers and road operators to better understand BT technology for TT analysis and consequently to optimise the deployment location and configuration of BT MAC address scanners.
Pulmonary Toxoplasmosis Diagnosed on Transbronchial Lung Biopsy in a Mechanically Ventilated Patient
Authors: Garg Delyse , Madan Nikhil , Qaqish Omar , Nagarakanti Sandhya , Patel Vipul
Published: February 2020

Toxoplasma gondii is a protozoan parasite that infects up to a third of the world’s population. Infection is mainly acquired by ingestion of food or water that is contaminated with oocysts shed by cats or consuming undercooked meat containing tissue cysts. Primary infection is subclinical in immunocompetent hosts. Invasive toxoplasmosis often manifests as cerebral toxoplasmosis in immunosuppressed patients. In persons living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), toxoplasmosis occurs when CD4 counts are very low and is considered an acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) defining illness. Pulmonary toxoplasmosis is rarely seen in the highly active antiretroviral therapy era. The diagnosis can be challenging due to the nonspecific nature of clinical and radiographic findings. In this report, we present a case of pulmonary toxoplasmosis in a new onset AIDS patient, which was initially clinically misdiagnosed as Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PJP). Due to a poor response to treatment for PJP, the patient underwent a transbronchial lung biopsy, which led to the diagnosis of pulmonary toxoplasmosis.
Modeling of Coupling Mechanism between Ballast Bed and Track Structure of High-Speed Railway
Authors: Wang Xuejun , Pu Jianghua , Wu Peng , Chen Mingfang
Published: February 2020

In this paper, a discrete and continuous body coupling algorithm is used to study the dynamic contact characteristics between ballasts and between ballasts and track structures. Firstly, the three-dimensional fine modeling of ballast particles is realized based on the three-dimensional laser scanning method, and then through the discrete and continuum coupling algorithm from the micro-macro point of view, a multiscale and unified particle-track structure coupling model is established. Based on the coupling model, the macro- and microdynamic characteristics of the ballast bed and the mechanical characteristics of the track structure under the dynamic load of high-speed trains with different driving speeds are studied. It is shown that the cumulative settlement of the ballast bed is directly proportional to the contact force and rotation speed of the ballast, and the faster the driving speed is, the greater the cumulative deposition speed and cumulative settlement of the ballast are. The contact force between the ballast and sleeper mainly comes from the bottom of the sleeper, and its contact force and contact strength increase with the increase of driving speed.
β-Blocker Doses and Heart Rate in Patients with Heart Failure: Results from the National Norwegian Heart Failure Registry
Authors: Eriksen-Volnes Torfinn , Westheim Arne , Gullestad Lars , Slind Eva Kjøl , Grundtvig Morten
Published: February 2020

Background: Use of β-blockers and titration to the highest tolerated dose are highly recommended by the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines for treatment of chronic heart failure (HF) with a reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), but little attention has been paid to the achieved heart rate (HR) during this treatment. Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the achieved HR in relation to the use of β-blockers in these patients. Methods: All of the patients (n = 2,689) in the National Norwegian Heart Failure Registry as part of the Norwegian Cardiovascular Disease Registry with a sinus rhythm and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40% at stable follow-up visiting specialised hospital outpatient HF clinics in Norway were included. The β-blocker doses were calculated as a percent of the target dose according to ESC HF guidelines. Differences between baseline variables according to the achieved HR were analysed by the Student’s t test for continuous variables and Pearson’s χ2 test for categorical variables. Linear regression was used to determine the predictors of HR ≥70 beats/min (bpm) in the multivariate analysis. Results: One third of the patients had a resting HR ≥70 bpm. Of the patients with an HR ≥70 bpm, 72.3% used less than the target dose of β-blocker; they were younger and had a higher NYHA class, more diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and higher N-terminal pro-B type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels and estimated glomerular filtration rates compared to the patients with an HR <70 bpm. The 1-year mortality was 3.1, 3.7, 5.8, and 9.1% among the patients with an HR <70, 70–79, 80–89, and >89 bpm, respectively. Only 2 patients used ivabradine. Conclusions: In patients with HFrEF and sinus rhythm, an HR ≥70 bpm was associated with worse clinical variables and outcomes. A high proportion of the patients who had an HR ≥70 bpm was not treated with or/did not tolerate the target dose of a β-blocker, although the β-blocker dose was higher than in patients with an HR <70 bpm. This may suggest that increased efforts should be made to further increase the β-blocker dose, and treatment with ivabradine could be considered among patients with an HR ≥70 bpm.
Mesenchymal Stem Cells Promote the Resolution of Cardiac Inflammation After Ischemia Reperfusion Via Enhancing Efferocytosis of Neutrophils
Authors: Zhang Zeyu , Tian Hongzhen , Yang Chen , Liu Jixuan , Zhang Huawei , Wang Jinda , Hu Shunying , Sun Zhijun , He Kunlun , Chen Guanghui
Published: February 2020

Background

Neutrophils play a major role in inflammation after myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury. The effects of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on neutrophils in I/R are complex and not fully understood. This study was designed to investigate the effects and mechanism of MSCs on alleviating myocardial I/R injury in rats.

Methods and Results

MSCs induced M2 macrophages polarization in vitro and enhanced macrophage efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils, measured by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis and immunofluorescence staining. Rats myocardial I/R were induced by transient ligation of left anterior descending coronary. Adipose‐derived MSCs or vehicle were infused at initiation (immediate after reperfusion) or peak of inflammation (24 hours after I/R). Hematoxylin and eosin, 2,3,5‐triphenyltetrazolium chloride/Evans Blue staining and immunofluorescence staining were applied within 72 hours after cell infusion. Cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography and left cardiac catheterization analysis at 28 days post‐operation. MSCs infused immediately and 24 hours later both markedly ameliorated myocardial I/R injury, and immediate infusion had more significant outcome. These improvements were associated with neutrophils infiltration, measured by fluorescence‐activated cell sorting analysis and immunofluorescence staining. When infused immediately, MSCs did not significantly change neutrophil number at 24 hours but CD11b expression was significantly higher. When infused at 24 hours, MSCs markedly decreased neutrophil number by enhanced M2 macrophage infiltration and macrophage efferocytosis of neutrophils within 72 hours.

Conclusions

Efferocytosis is pivotal to relieve neutrophil‐mediated I/R injury and initial the immune response for healing. MSCs infusion improves cardiac function in rats after myocardial I/R via the possible mechanism of enhancing M2 macrophages‐induced efferocytosis of apoptotic neutrophils.
Etymologization as a Case of Pedagogical Lying in Plato
Authors: Vieira Celso
Published: February 2020

In the Cratylus, Plato criticizes the traditional rendering of Hades’ name as the ‘in-visible’ while in the Phaedo he endorses it. Despite this conflict, in both cases, the etymologies are used to oppose the negative characterization of this god by the tradition, just as prescribed in the Republic. Furthermore, both dialogues convey a similar description of Hades as an intellectual realm. Thus, there is an underlying conceptual coherence and a use of conflicting etymologies serving the same practical prescription. This article will verify if this scenario constitutes an instance of the serviceable lies presented in the Republic. Taking Hades’ different etymologizations as a case study, we will be able to better understand the justification for the pedagogical use of lies based on the complex interaction between souls with true and false beliefs. Two types of pedagogical lies emerge. Syrup lies characterize situations in which some true information is conveyed through an illegitimate but attractive cover such as etymologization or tales. In this way, they can capture the attention of souls who are hostage to false beliefs. Moreover, there is also the case for vaccine lies in which the illegitimate method used to convey some information has in itself a self-eroding element. Thus, those who receive the information are also encouraged to question the method in due course. After these determinations, it will be possible to evaluate how such a conception of lying scores morally.
Sinonimia causal y filosofía natural. Aristóteles, lector del Timeo
Authors: Mittelmann Jorge
Published: February 2020

Aristotle’s argument against Timaeus’ view of intellection as an endless circular motion can be divided into two main sections: a categorial one, which rests upon the impossibility of intertwining material and immaterial ingredients into a single (albeit twofold) substance; and a geometrical one, which highlights those features of circular magnitudes which render them unsuitable for performing intellectual tasks. This paper focuses on the first set of reasons that Aristotle puts forward, by stressing the productive philosophical outcome of this otherwise perplexing doxographical survey. It is argued that Aristotle’s own notions of ‘contact’ and ‘unmoved mover’ are greatly indebted to his critical scrutiny of Timaeus’ cosmogony. Further, the paper holds that the version of ‘causal synonymy’ that Aristotle discovers in Timaeus’ εἰκὼς μûθος leads him to recast this principle, in order to avoid unwelcome ‘physiological’ consequences. In this way, Aristotle’s literal reading of Timaeus’ εἰκὼς μûθος emerges as a plausible interpretive stance
Sull’innatismo di Epitteto. Una nuova proposta di interpretazione di Diss. ii 11.1–6
Authors: Flamigni Gabriele
Published: February 2020

Many scholars rely on a passage from Arrian’s Discourses (ii 11.1–6) to interpret Epictetus’ gnoseology as divergent from Stoic tradition. They find in this passage an expression of innatism, starting from the statement that «we come» (to an unuttered whither) carrying certain preconceptions (προλήψεις) or innate conceptions (ἔμφυτοι ἔννοιαι): this would allude to man ‘coming into the world’ not completely ignorant. This reading, relying upon an unlikely translation, finds no parallel elsewhere in our evidences on Epictetus. Contrariwise, it can be undermined by a comparison with one of those, with two excerpts concerning Musonius Rufus and with other evidences on Stoic gnoseology. The new reading of the passage proposed here, justified from a linguistic perspective, enables to preserve Epictetus’ adherence to Stoic gnoseology: here he is not alluding to the genesis of knowledge in man, but to the cognitive condition of one about to embark on his philosophical training.
4Q26b (4QLeviticusg) Frag. 2
Authors: Tigchelaar Eibert
Published: February 2020

Publication of a small, second fragment of 4Q26b, not included in the 1994 edition, and the proposal that 4Q26b was copied by the scribe of 1Q1 and 1Q27.
New subgenus Monilistylus subgen. n. and a new species Procloeon (Monilistylus) ornatipennis sp. n. (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae: Procloeon)
Authors: KLUGE NIKITA J.
Published: February 2020

The new subgenus Monilistylus subgen. n. is described based on imaginal and larval characters. Its type species is Procloeon (Monilistylus) monilistylus Kluge, Tiunova & Novikova 2014 from the Russian Far East, known as larvae, subimagines, imagines of both sexes and eggs associated by rearing. Male larva, subimago and imago of Procloeon (Monilistylus) ornatipennis sp. n. are described based on reared specimens from Lombok (Indonesia).
Australian Melolonthini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae): a second species of Hypolepida Britton, 1978
Authors: ALLSOPP PETER G.
Published: February 2020

The genus Hypolepida Britton, 1978 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae: Melolonthini), is reviewed and a second species, H. braes new species, is described and differentiated from H. wilsoni Britton, 1978. Both species occur in northeastern Queensland, with the former in dry-tropical open forest and the latter in wetter areas closer to the coast.
Type material of Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in the collection of the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
Authors: RODRIGUEZ-RAMIREZ JOANNA , BECCACECE HERNAN MARIO , PINHEIRO LÍVIA RODRIGUES , GRADOS JUAN , MORONO-BRIZUELA MARIA LUCILA
Published: February 2020

The Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (MACN) possesses one of the most important Lepidoptera collections in South America. Here are deposited several type specimens of Lepidoptera, particularly of Arctiinae, described by Burmeister, Berg, Snellen, Jörgensen, Giacomelli, Orfila, and Forster. This study presents a catalogue with complete information and photographs of most type specimens of Arctiinae housed in the MACN. Additionally, we provide comments on the type material presumably deposited in MACN but not found by the authors. A total of seven lectotypes are designated and a new synonymy is proposed: Eurota (sic) julia Orfila, 1931 is a junior synonym of Eurata hermione Burmeister, 1878.
A new species of mite in the genus Ernogamasus Athias-Henriot, 1971 (Parasitiformes: Parasitidae)
Authors: WITALIŃSKI WOJCIECH , FENĎA PETER
Published: February 2020

A new mite species Ernogamasus papilio sp. nov., originating from south-eastern Poland and north-eastern Slovakia, is described, as well as a supplementary description for E. aliitectatus (Athias-Henriot, 1967).
A new wrasse, Novaculops compressus n. sp. (Perciformes: Labridae), from the western Pacific Ocean
Authors: FUKUI YOSHINO
Published: February 2020

A new sandy, Novaculops compressus n. sp. is described on the basis of two specimens collected from Yoron Island, Japan and Panay Island, the Philippines. The new species is characterized by IX, 12 dorsal-fin rays, III, 12 anal-fin rays, 12 or 13 pectoral-fin rays, interrupted lateral line, 12 + 5 pored lateral-line scales, 4 scale rows above lateral line, 9 scale rows below lateral line, 16 total gill rakers, snout length 11.1% of standard length (SL), orbit diameter 10.0–10.1% SL, body depth 30.9% SL, anal-fin base length 36.2–37.6% SL, first dorsal-fin spine length 6.4–7.0% SL, pectoral-fin axil black, and first two dorsal-fin membranes black. This species is sympatric with N. sciistius in Kagoshima, Japan.
Follow-Up Adherence Is Associated with Outcomes After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Authors: Shen Sarek A. , Jafari Aria , Qualliotine Jesse R. , DeConde Adam S.
Published: February 2020

Background:

Clinical follow-up after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) allows for assessment of the sinonasal cavity, debridement, and tailoring of medical therapies. Frequency and timing of postoperative clinical visits is debated, but the impact of adherence on disease-specific outcomes is not well understood. In this longitudinal study, we assessed the association between follow-up adherence and quality of life (QOL) outcomes in the 12 months after ESS.

Methods:

A retrospective review of patients undergoing ambulatory ESS for CRS between 11/2016 and 1/2018 was performed. We assessed sociodemographic characteristics, radiographic severity, and QOL utilizing the 22-item sinonasal outcome test (SNOT-22). Patients were categorized as “non-adherent,” “moderately-adherent,” and “fully-adherent” to a 1-, 3- and 5-week postoperative visit schedule.

Results:

A total of 166 patients met the inclusion criteria. Of these, 55 (33.1%) were fully-adherent, 105 (63.2%) were moderately-adherent, and 6 (3.6%) were non-adherent within the 6 weeks following ESS. In the immediate postoperative period, fully-adherent patients demonstrated worse QOL (SNOT-22: 31.2 ± 23.1 vs 27.5 ± 17.6, P = .047). This cohort also had greater psychological dysfunction at baseline and 12-months ( P < .05) after ESS. Extra-nasal symptom scores increased at a lower rate in the fully-adherent cohort (0.12 vs 1.29 points per 6 months, P = .038), as did ear/facial symptoms (1.17 vs 3.05 points per 6 months, P = .044).

Conclusion:

Despite worse symptom severity in the immediate postoperative period, patients who are more adherent to the follow-up schedule demonstrated slower return of symptoms in the extra-rhinological and ear-facial domains. These findings suggest that clinical adherence and management may impact the long-term evolution of ESS outcomes.
Transcendence, religion and social bonding
Authors: Dein Simon
Published: February 2020

This article examines the relationship between religion, transcendence and social bonding. I speculate that the capacity to undergo transcendent experiences facilitated social bonding. Following a discussion of Gorelik’s typology of transcendence, it examines the relationship between ritual, transcendence and bonding with an emphasis on singing, dancing and synchrony. It then moves on to explore theory of mind and transcendence. Finally, transcendent emotions like compassion, admiration, gratitude, love and awe will be discussed. I conclude by arguing that transcendence originates from group-level selection.
NetF-producing Clostridium perfringens and its associated diseases in dogs and foals
Authors: Mehdizadeh Gohari Iman , Unterer Stefan , Whitehead Ashley E. , Prescott John F.
Published: February 2020

The role of type A Clostridium perfringens in canine acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome and foal necrotizing enteritis is poorly characterized. However, a highly significant association between the presence of novel toxigenic C. perfringens and these specific enteric diseases has been described. These novel toxigenic strains produce 3 novel putative toxins, which have been designated NetE, NetF, and NetG. Although not conclusively demonstrated, current evidence suggests that NetF is likely the major virulence factor in strains responsible for canine acute hemorrhagic diarrhea syndrome and foal necrotizing enteritis. NetF is a beta–pore-forming toxin that belongs to the same toxin superfamily as CPB and NetB toxins produced by C. perfringens. The netF gene is encoded on a conjugative plasmid that, in the case of netF, also carries another putative toxin gene, netE. In addition, these strains consistently also carry a cpe tcp-conjugative plasmid, and a proportion also carry a separate netG tcp-conjugative plasmid. The netF and netG genes form part of a locus with all the features of the pathogenicity loci of tcp-conjugative plasmids. The netF-positive isolates are clonal in origin and fall into 2 clades. Disease in dogs or foals can be associated with either clade. Thus, these are strains with unique virulence-associated characteristics associated with serious and sometimes fatal cases of important enteric diseases in 2 animal species.
Dead Reckoning: Unraveling How “Homicide” Cases Travel From Crime Scene to Court Using Qualitative Research Methods
Authors: Brookman Fiona , Jones Helen , Williams Robin , Fraser Jim
Published: February 2020

Drawing upon data gathered during a 4-year ethnographic study of homicide investigation in Britain, we document the movement of 44 (suspected) homicide cases through the criminal justice process before drawing upon two case studies to unravel in detail how a homicide is determined and how suspects are identified, eliminated, or charged. We suggest that the progress of homicide cases through this process is best understood as the outcome of a set of socially organized scientific, legal, and occupational sensemaking practices, collaboratively deployed by institutionally authorized actors. We conclude that these practices are rendered visible only through detailed qualitative research.
Development of Microsatellite Markers for a Dioecious Herpetospermum pedunculosum (Cucurbitaceae)
Authors: Chen Zhu-Qing , Zhou Zhi-Li , Wang Lin-Lin , Meng Li-Hua , Duan Yuan-Wen
Published: February 2020

Understanding the evolution of flower diversity is a central topic in plant evolutionary ecology, and natural selection on floral traits via male fitness could be estimated quantitatively using microsatellites. Here, based on RNA sequencing, we developed simple sequence repeat primers and verified polymorphisms in 2 wild populations of Herpetospermum pedunculosum (Cucurbitaceae), a dioecious annual plants native to the Himalaya Mountains. A total of 131 paired primers were designed; 15 paired primers were found to be polymorphic, with the expected heterozygosity varying between 0.280 and 0.767. We also identified 58 genotypes in 20 plants from the 2 populations. Conclusively, these primers could be effective in examining male fitness and population genetic structure of H pedunculosum in future studies.
Reflexive learning and performative failure
Authors: Parker Simon , Racz Marton , Palmer Paul
Published: February 2020

In this article, we emphasize the importance of context for student learning. Based on reflective logs and interview data, we explore how students learn outside of the classroom as they undertake an experiential dissertation project. We identify three different forms of reflexive learning and critique, all triggered by some form of performative failure; scholarly critique, engaged critique and engaged action. Drawing on Butler’s theory of performativity, we illustrate how reflexivity is not purely the action of any individual student, rather it is a practice that is co-created within a certain context. As such, we contest individualistic understandings of reflexivity and encourage a careful consideration of the places students and managers are encouraged to be reflexive.
Sociology in Congress
Authors: McCabe Josh
Published: February 2020

Josh McCabe interviews Scott Winship, sociologist and the Executive Director of the Joint Economic Committee in the United States Congress.
Framed Sculptures
Authors: Brennan Scott
Published: February 2020

The photographs in this series were taken between 2017 and 2019 during photowalks in Miami and New York City. They are the extraction of an object from a decaying and dissembling urban environment. Readymade sculptures.
Infrapopliteal Arterial Pseudoaneurysm Development Secondary to Blunt Trauma: Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Chrencik Matthew T. , Caraballo Brian , Yokemick John , Pappas Peter J. , Lal Brajesh K. , Nagarsheth Khanjan
Published: February 2020

Objectives:

Infrapopliteal arterial pseudoaneurysms (IAP) following blunt trauma with associated orthopedic injuries are uncommon, often present in a delayed fashion, and encompass a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma. Herein, we present a series of IAPs that were diagnosed following blunt trauma and their management.

Methods:

Case series consisting of 3 patients and a review of the international literature.

Results:

Our case series included 3 patients presenting with IAPs following blunt trauma with associated orthopedic injuries. They were all identified in a delayed manner (>3 weeks) after the orthopedic injuries were treated. All patients presented with pain and a pulsatile mass while one concurrently had neurologic deficits. The pseudoaneurysms were diagnosed by duplex ultrasound and confirmed by angiography to be originating from the tibioperoneal trunk, anterior tibial, and posterior tibial arteries respectively. Two patients were treated with surgical excision. Of these, one required an arterial bypass procedure while the other underwent direct ligation only. The third patient was treated by endovascular coiling. A literature review from 1950 to the present found 51 reported cases of IAP resulting from blunt trauma. Ninety percent of trauma-related infrapopliteal injuries occurred in men with a mean delay in diagnosis of 5.6 months (median 1.8 months) after injury. Since 1950, management has shifted from primarily ligation to incorporating minimally invasive endovascular techniques when appropriate.

Conclusions:

Infrapopliteal artery pseudoaneurysms are rare following blunt skeletal trauma. A delay in diagnosis often occurs and can result in major morbidity and extensive surgical intervention. We recommend a high index of suspicion and a thorough vascular examination in patients with lower extremity skeletal trauma to help identify and treat these injuries early and effectively.
Adaptive operating mode management model for efficient energy harvesting systems
Authors: Choi Hayeon , Koo Youngkyoung , Park Sangsoo
Published: February 2020

Energy harvesting technology is becoming popular concerning efficient use of Internet of Things devices, which collect energy present in nature and use it to power themselves. Although the technology is eco-friendly, it is dependent on the vagaries of the surrounding environment; the amount of energy produced is sensitive to the weather and terrain, and intermittent power threatens the system’s stability. Thus, it is essential to collect data that can determine the circumstances of the surrounding environment. Furthermore, these systems should be designed efficiently for continuous energy harvesting. This efficiency can vary depending on the system’s configuration. Core voltage levels and frequencies typically influence efficiency. To maximize system efficiency, power management with an appropriate combination of controllable factors is necessary. We design an energy harvesting system for real-time data acquisition. We propose a methodology to guide the optimal operating power stage considering various adjustable factors for efficient operation. Also, we propose an adaptive operating power mode management model, which involves selecting the optimal operating power step and the transition to a low-power mode (LPM) during idle time. The proposed model was applied to an actual energy harvesting system to demonstrate its effectiveness and facilitated the operation of the harvesting system at low power.
Effect of roughness on meshing power loss of planetary gear set considering elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication
Authors: Wang Xinlei , Xiang Changle , Li Chunming , Li Shenlong , Shao Yimin , Wang Liming
Published: February 2020

Meshing power loss is one of the most important parts in power loss calculation of planetary gear set. However, most of the conventional methods assumed the friction coefficient between gears as a constant value in the meshing power loss calculation, and most importantly, the influence of gear tooth surface geometry is usually ignored, for example, roughness. Therefore, a new meshing power loss calculation model for planetary gear set that considers tooth surface roughness is proposed on the basis of elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication method. With the proposed model, a planetary gear set dynamic model that considers friction force between gears is first established to study the time-varying meshing forces, sliding speeds, and curvature radii of the gear pairs. Then, an elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication model of the gear pair contact interface is constructed to investigate and modify the friction force distribution in the gear meshing process of the dynamic model iteratively until the meshing forces converge to stable values. Furthermore, the relationship between the tooth surface roughness and film thickness is studied in the elasto-hydrodynamic lubrication model. After that, the meshing power loss is calculated based on the obtained meshing forces, friction coefficients, sliding speeds, and so on. The results show that there is a sudden growth of the meshing power loss at the end of the meshing cycle, which has a good agreement with the meshing force impact. And, it is found that tooth surface roughness has a direct influence on the meshing power loss of sun–planet gear pair, which yields an increasing tendency as the surface roughness growing.
18F-FAZA PET imaging in tumor hypoxia: A focus on high-grade glioma
Authors: Mapelli Paola , Picchio Maria
Published: February 2020

The presence of hypoxia is a typical feature of solid tumors and has been identified in many neoplasms, favouring the survival of malignant cells in a hostile environment and the expression of an aggressive phenotype. Malignant brain tumors have large proportions of hypoxic tissue, thus contributing to resistance to radiation and chemotherapy. Positron emission tomography (PET) is an attractive technique to gain a non-invasive assessment of tumor hypoxia within the whole tumor, with 18F-fluoromisonidazole (18F-FMISO) and 18F-flouroazomycin arabinoside (18F-FAZA) being the most promising radiotracers. In this short review, we aim to discuss the available clinical studies focused on the use of 18F-FAZA PET/computed tomography in patients affected by high-grade glioma.
Biological mechanisms linked to inflammation in cancer: Discovery of tumor microenvironment-related biomarkers and their clinical application in solid tumors
Authors: Nisticò Paola , Ciliberto Gennaro
Published: February 2020

Our view of cancer biology radically shifted from a “cancer-cell-centric” vision to a view of cancer as an organ disease. The concept that genetic and/or epigenetic alterations, at the basis of cancerogenesis, are the main if not the exclusive drivers of cancer development and the principal targets of therapy, has now evolved to include the tumor microenvironment in which tumor cells can grow, proliferate, survive, and metastasize only within a favorable environment. The interplay between cancer cells and the non-cellular and cellular components of the tumor microenvironment plays a fundamental role in tumor development and evolution both at the primary site and at the level of metastasis. The shape of the tumor cells and tumor mass is the resultant of several contrasting forces either pro-tumoral or anti-tumoral which have at the level of the tumor microenvironment their battle field. This crucial role of tumor microenvironment composition in cancer progression also dictates whether immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitor antibodies is going to be efficacious. Hence, tumor microenvironment deconvolution has become of great relevance in order to identify biomarkers predictive of efficacy of immunotherapy. In this short paper we will briefly review the relationship between inflammation and cancer, and will summarize in 10 short points the key concepts learned so far and the open challenges to be solved.