bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quartz crystals in Toba rhyolites show textures symptomatic of rapid crystallization
Authors: Barbee Olivia , Chesner Craig , Deering Chad
Published: October 2019

Textural and chemical heterogeneities in igneous quartz crystals preserve unique records of silicic magma evolution, yet their origins and applications are controversial. To improve our understanding of quartz textures and their formation, we examine those in crystal-laden rhyolites produced by the 74 ka Toba supereruption (>2800 km3) and its post-caldera extrusions. Quartz crystals in these deposits can reach unusually large sizes (10–20 mm) and are rife with imperfections and disequilibrium features, including embayments, melt inclusions, titanomagnetite and apatite inclusions, spongy morphologies, hollow faces, subgrain boundaries, multiple growth centers, and Ti-enriched arborescent zoning. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative analyses (petrography, CL, EBSD, X-ray CT, LA-ICPMS), we determine that those textures commonly thought to signify crystal resorption, crystal deformation, synneusis, or fluctuating P–T conditions are here a consequence of rapid disequilibrium crystal growth. Most importantly, we discover that an overarching process of disequilibrium crystallization is manifested among these crystal features. We propose a model whereby early skeletal to dendritic quartz growth creates a causal sequence of textures derived from lattice mistakes that then proliferate during subsequent stages of slower polyhedral growth. In a reversed sequence, the same structural instabilities and defects form when slow polyhedral growth transitions late to fast skeletal-dendritic growth. Such morphological transitions result in texture interdependencies that become recorded in the textural-chemical stratigraphy of quartz, which may be unique to each crystal. Similar findings in petrologic experimental studies allow us to trace the textural network back to strong degrees of undercooling and supersaturation in the host melt, conditions likely introduced by dynamic magmatic processes acting on short geologic timescales. Because the textural network can manifest in single crystals, the overall morphology and chemistry of erupted quartz can reflect not only its last but its earliest growth behavior in the melt. Thus, our findings imply that thermodynamic disequilibrium crystallization can account for primary textural and chemical heterogeneities preserved in igneous quartz and may impact the application of quartz as a petrologic tool.
Partitioning of V and 19 other trace elements between rutile and silicate melt as a function of oxygen fugacity and melt composition: Implications for subduction zones
Authors: Holycross Megan , Cottrell Elizabeth
Published: October 2019

Vanadium is a multivalent element that can speciate as V2+, V3+, V4+, and V5+ over a range of geologically relevant oxygen fugacities (fO2). The abundance of V in planetary materials can be exploited as a proxy for fO2 when its partitioning behavior is known. The mineral rutile (TiO2) is an important carrier of the high field strength elements Nb and Ta in the solid Earth, but it can also incorporate substantial quantities of vanadium (up to ~2000 ppm; e.g., Zack et al. 2002). However, little work has been done to systematically investigate how the partitioning of V in rutile-bearing systems changes as a function of both fO2 and composition. We measured the partitioning of V and 19 other trace elements (Sc, Cr, Y, Zr, Nb, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Yb, Lu, Hf, and Ta) between rutile and three silicate melt compositions equilibrated at 1 atm pressure, 1300 °C and fO2 values from two log units below the quartz-fayalite-magnetite oxygen buffer (QFM-2) to air (QFM+6.5). Rutile/melt partition coefficients (DVrt/melt) change dynamically over an eight-log unit range of fO2 and are greatest at fO2 = QFM-2 in all compositions. Vanadium solubility in rutile declines continuously as fO2 increases from QFM-2 and approaches unity in air. Trace-element partitioning between rutile and melt is also correlated with melt composition, with the greatest values of Drt/melt measured in the most polymerized melt systems containing the least TiO2. We do not find any circumstances where V becomes incompatible in rutile. Our results indicate that rutile is a considerable sink for V at terrestrial fO2 values and will contribute to the retention of V in refractory slab residues in subduction zones. In agreement with previous work, we find that DTart/melt>DNbrt/melt under all conditions investigated, suggesting that rutile fractionation does not lead to low Nb/Ta ratios in Earth's continental crust.
Machiite, Al2Ti3O9, a new oxide mineral from the Murchison carbonaceous chondrite: A new ultra-refractory phase from the solar nebula
Authors: Krot Alexander N. , Nagashima Kazuhide , Rossman George R.
Published: October 2019

Machiite (IMA 2016-067), Al2Ti3O9, is a new mineral that occurs as a single euhedral crystal, 4.4 μm in size, in contact with an euhedral corundum grain, 12 μm in size, in a matrix of the Murchison CM2 carbonaceous chondrite. The mean chemical composition of holotype machiite by electron probe microanalysis is (wt%) TiO2 59.75, Al2O3 15.97, Sc2O3 10.29, ZrO2 9.18, Y2O3 2.86, FeO 1.09, CaO 0.44, SiO2 0.20, MgO 0.10, total 99.87, giving rise to an empirical formula (based on 9 oxygen atoms pfu) of (Al1.17Sc0.56Y0.10Ti0.084+Fe0.06Ca0.03Mg0.01)(Ti2.714+Zr0.28Si0.01)O9. The general formula is (Al,Sc)2(Ti4+,Zr)3O9. The end-member formula is Al2Ti3O9. Machiite has the C2/c schreyerite-type structure with a = 17.10 Å, b = 5.03 Å, c = 7.06 Å, β = 107°, V = 581 Å3, and Z = 4, as revealed by electron backscatter diffraction. The calculated density using the measured composition is 4.27 g/cm3. The machiite crystal is highly 16O-depleted relative to the coexisting corundum grain (Δ17O = –0.2 ± 2.4‰ and –24.1 ± 2.6‰, respectively; where Δ17O = δ17O – 0.52 × δ18O). Machiite is a new member of the schreyerite (V2Ti3O9) group and a new Sc,Zr-rich ultrarefractory phase formed in the solar nebula, either by gas-solid condensation or as a result of crystallization from a Ca,Al-rich melt having solar-like oxygen isotopic composition (Δ17O~ –25‰) under high-temperature (~1400–1500 °C) and low-pressure (~10-4–10-5 bar) conditions in the CAI-forming region near the protosun. The currently observed disequilibrium oxygen isotopic composition between machiite and corundum may indicate that machiite subsequently experienced oxygen isotopic exchange with a planetary-like 16O-poor gaseous reservoir either in the solar nebula or on the CM chondrite parent body. The name machiite is in honor of Chi Ma, mineralogist at California Institute of Technology, for his contributions to meteorite mineralogy and discovery of many new minerals representing extreme conditions of formation.
Heirs of the revolution: X-ray diffraction and the birth of the Mineralogical Society of America
Authors: Heaney Peter J.
Published: October 2019

The founding of the Mineralogical Society of America (MSA) in 1919 followed so closely on the heels of the discovery of X-ray diffraction (XRD) in 1912 that one might hypothesize a causal link. Was MSA born out of this scientific revolution? The formation of our Society conventionally is attributed to the desire for a professional journal and the need to emerge from the shadow of the Geological Society of America, but these issues were not new in 1919. This review argues that MSA's birth can be understood by an exploration of two historical strains: (1) Although modern notions of atomism traditionally are associated with the emergence of the kinetic theory of gases in the late 19th century, mineralogists had invoked ordered atomic spheres as the fundamental metaphor for crystalline structures over a century earlier, leading directly to W.L. Bragg's discovery of the atomic design in halite; and (2) in contrast to the broader chemistry community, mineralogists were uniquely poised to embrace X-ray diffraction and the revolution in crystallography that attended it. This revelation gave rise to a sense of distinct identity.

An examination of MSA's early records unambiguously reveals that U.S. mineralogists were closely attuned to the crystallographic insurgency as it took place across the Atlantic. In particular, Edgar T. Wherry, one of the organizers of the American Mineralogist and of the Society, actively dis-seminated information about the new discoveries to his colleagues in the United States. Other founders of MSA similarly championed the transformative character of the new crystallography, thereby warranting the establishment of a specialized professional society. The continuing force of the revolution is revealed in a counter-reaction a century later, as mineralogists have renewed their focus on phases at the boundary between crystals and glasses, leading to reconsiderations of the meaning of crystallinity.
Extraterrestrial, shock-formed, cage-like nanostructured carbonaceous materials
Authors: Németh Péter , Garvie Laurence A.J.
Published: October 2019

Shock caused by impacts can convert carbonaceous material to diamond. During this transition, new materials can form that depend on the structure of the starting carbonaceous materials and the shock conditions. Here we report the discovery of cage-like nanostructured carbonaceous materials, including carbon nano-onions and bucky-diamonds, formed through extraterrestrial impacts in the Gujba (CBa) meteorite. The nano-onions are fullerene-type materials and range from 5 to 20 nm; the majority shows a graphitic core-shell structure, and some are characterized by fully curved, onion-like graphitic shells. The core is either filled with carbonaceous material or empty. We show the first, natural, 4 nm sized bucky-diamond, which is a type of carbon nano-onion consisting of multilayer graphitic shells surrounding a diamond core. We propose that the nano-onions formed during shock metamorphism, either the shock or the release wave, of the pre-existing primitive carbonaceous material that included nanodiamonds, poorly ordered graphitic material, and amorphous carbonaceous nanospheres. Bucky-diamonds could have formed either through the high-pressure transformation of nano-onions, or as an intermediate material in the high-temperature transformation of nanodiamond to nano-onion. Impact processing of planetary materials was and is a common process in our solar system, and by extension, throughout extrasolar planetary bodies. Together with our previous discovery of interstratified graphite-diamond in Gujba, our new findings extend the range of nano-structured carbonaceous materials formed in nature. Shock-formed nano-onions and bucky-diamonds are fullerene-type structures, and as such they could contribute to the astronomical 217.5 nm absorption feature.
THE CONNECTIVITY OF WHISTLEBLOWING ONLINE SYSTEMBETWEENGOVERNMENT AGENCIES IN INDONESIA: A NEW ROUND OF PREVENTING AND ERADICATING CORRUPTION
Authors: Gumelar Marga
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to explain the connectivity of whistleblowing online system between the Witness and Victim Protection Agency (LPSK), the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK), and 17 ministries/institutions that hasbeen established since 2017. The challenges raised in the implementation of the whistleblowing online system are discussed in line with a case of the Ministry of Marine and Fisheries Affairs, a non-participant ministry in the connectivity of whistleblowing online system. The reason for selecting this case is to provide a different view of how a non-aligned institution within the network undertakes efforts in eradicating corruption through whistleblowing system. The discussion still leaves several obstacles to achieving an effective whistleblowing system. These constraints include insecurity of mutation in remote areas due to reporting alleged frauds and a response to a fraudulent thatconsider reasonable. This article is intended to encourage further discussion and research regarding the implementation of whistleblowing online systems in government agencies in Indonesia.
REGIONAL HEAD (PRODUCT OF A DEMOCRATIC SYSTEM) AS A ROLE MODEL AND ANTI-FRAUD REPRESENTATION
Authors: Arbas Cakra
Published: October 2019

The Constitution mandates that "Governors, Regents, and Mayors respectively as heads of provincial, regency, and municipal governments are elected democratically". In other words, the regional head is actually mandated to form a regional government as a democratic self-governing unit. The research method used is normative legal research and the types of data used are secondary data, consisting of primary legal material (various forms of legislation), secondary legal materials (data collection of scholarly work and the results research related to local election and anti-fraud systems), and tertiary legal materials (materials providing information on primary legal materials and secondary legal materials, such as dictionaries and encyclopedias). Data analysis technique used is technical qualitative analysis. In running the government mechanism, the regional head should be able to implement anti-fraud system. Anti-Fraud system is a system that monitors regulations or other mechanisms that produce some forms of report. In this case, the system offered in fact can have implications on anti fraud related to the position of regional head as a role model, that is, by bringing a great personality and optimization of thinking and action.
EPANET in QGIS framework: the QEPANET plugin
Authors: Menapace Andrea , Pisaturo Giuseppe Roberto , De Luca Alberto , Gerola Daniel , Righetti Maurizio
Published: October 2019

In the current era, the digitization of geographical data is a transverse need of several engineering sectors, including the hydraulic networks management. Thus, water supply systems' modelling requires adequate tools in both the digitization and the simulation phases. This paper presents the QEPANET plugin, which aims at merging the flexibility of QGIS and the robustness of EPANET hydraulic simulations software. Several editing and graphical tools available with QEPANET are introduced to model new and existing water distribution systems, to read and modify existing text-based EPANET files, to run simulations and visualize results in a geo-referenced framework. In addition, an application is illustrated to underline the novelty and the practical functionality of the presented tool, such as 3D pipe lengths' automatic calculation and the supporting functionalities for the network drawing. The plugin is available via the official QGIS Python Plugins Repository and on the world-wide-web at https://gitlab.com/albertodeluca/qepanet.
Effects of leakage points on intrusion volume in a simulated water distribution system
Authors: Shao Yu , Chu Shipeng , Dang Chenkai , Yu Tingchao
Published: October 2019

Contamination can intrude into urban water distribution systems through pipe leakage orifices or other deficiencies, which can create public health risks. Intrusion volume is a significant indicator of health risks when a pollution incident occurs. A pilot-scale platform was constructed to simulate the contamination intrusion through leakage holes caused by low or negative pressure events. The intrusion device was improved from the author's previous study by substituting the replaceable pipes in the main pipe for the side connecting pipe. Comparison between the two intrusion devices demonstrated that the intrusion device with the side connecting pipe may underestimate the intrusion volume. The orifice diameter range is extended to be 3–19.0 mm to analyze the effects of leakage sizes on the intrusion volume. The results show that the intrusion volume first increased and then decreased with increase of the orifice diameter. The calculated intrusion volume by the orifice discharge equation using the measured discharge coefficient is slightly different from the measured intrusion volume.
Understanding the Pharmaceutical Aspects of Dendrimers for the Delivery of Anticancer Drugs
Authors: Dubey Sunil Kumar , Salunkhe Shubham , Agrawal Mukta , Kali Maithili , Singhvi Gautam , Tiwari Sanjay , Saraf Swarnlata , Saraf Shailendra , Alexander Amit
Published: October 2019

Dendrimers are emerging class of nanoparticles used in targeted drug delivery systems. These are
radially symmetric molecules with well-defined, homogeneous, and monodisperse structures. Due to the
nano size, they can easily cross the biological membrane and increase bioavailability. The surface functionalization
facilitates targeting of the particular site of action, assists the high drug loading and improves the
therapeutic efficiency of the drug. These properties make dendrimers advantageous over conventional drug
delivery systems. This article explains the features of dendrimers along with their method of synthesis, such
as divergent growth method, convergent growth method, double exponential and mixed method, hyper-core
and branched method. Dendrimers are effectively used in anticancer delivery and can be targeted at the site
of tumor either by active or passive targeting. There are three mechanisms by which drugs interact with
dendrimers, and they are physical encapsulation, electrostatic interaction, chemical conjugation of drug
molecules. Drug releases from dendrimer either by in vivo cleavage of the covalent bond between drugdendrimer
complexes or by physical changes or stimulus like pH, temperature, etc.
Isolation and Purification of Kudinosides from Kuding Tea by Semi-Preparative HPLC Combined with MCI-GEL Resin
Authors: Tian Ji , Wang Xuanyuan , Shi Qingxin , Xiang Xingliang , Su Chao , Xie Yun , Jin Shuna , Huang Rongzeng , Song Chengwu
Published: October 2019

Background:

Kuding tea, a Traditional Chinese drink, has a history of thousands of years
in China. Triterpenoid saponins in Kuding tea are regarded as one of the major functional ingredients.

Objective:

The aim of this paper was to establish separation progress for the isolation and purification
of five triterpenoid saponins (kudinoside A, C, D, F, G) from Kuding tea.

Methods:

Nine types of resins, including seven macroporous resins and two MCI-GEL resins, were
firstly used for purifying triterpenoid saponins by the adsorption and desorption tests. Further dynamic
adsorption/desorption experiments were carried out to obtain the optimal parameters for the five
targeted saponins. Then the purification of five triterpenoid saponins (kudinoside A, C, D, F, G) was
completed by semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (semi-pHPLC).

Results:

As of optimized results, the HP20SS MCI-GEL was selected as the optimal one. The data
also showed that 65.24 mg of refined extract including 7.04 mg kudinoside A, 3.52 mg kudinoside C,
4.04 mg kudinoside D, 4.13 mg kudinoside F, and 34.45 mg kudinoside G, could be isolated and purified
from 645.90 mg of crude extract in which the content of five saponins was 81.51% and the average
recovery reached 69.76%. The final contents of five saponins increased 6.91-fold as compared
to the crude extract.

Conclusion:

The established separation progress was highly efficient, making it a potential approach
for the large-scale production in the laboratory and providing several markers of triterpenoid saponins
for quality control of Kuding tea or its processing products.
A research and modeling of wave processes at the scattering of nonlinear acoustic waves on cylindrical bodies
Authors: Abbasov Iftikhar B.
Published: October 2019

The article is devoted to the study of the scattering of nonlinear acoustic waves on cylindrical bodies. There was made a review of publications on the scattering of acoustic waves by inhomogeneities of the medium in the form of cylindrical bodies and shells. There were noted features of the small parameter method application in nonlinear acoustics. A three-dimensional model of the geometry of the problem in cylindrical coordinates was presented, nonlinear wave processes occurring between the falling plane and scattered cylindrical waves were described. The inhomogeneous wave equation is solved by the method of successive approximations of series expansion in a small parameter. An asymptotic expression for the acoustic pressure of a difference-frequency wave was obtained. A program for calculating scattering diagrams has been developed, and an algorithm for its operation is given. The acoustic pressure scattering diagram of a differential frequency wave on a rigid cylinder and its three-dimensional model are presented. The radius of convergence of the used method of expansion in a small parameter is determined.
Portals of Change: How Patient Portals Will Ultimately Work for Safety Net Populations (Preprint)
Authors: Casillas Alejandra , Abhat Anshu , Mahajan Anish , Moreno Gerardo , Brown Arleen F , Simmons Sara , Szilagyi Peter
Published: October 2019

UNSTRUCTURED

Despite the implementation of internet patient portals into the safety net after the introduction of the Affordable Care Act in the United States, little attention has been paid to the process of engaging vulnerable patients into these portals. The portal is a health technology tool that was developed with a mainstream, English-speaking audience in mind. Thus, there are valid concerns that such technologies will actually exacerbate health care disparities, conferring further advantages to the already advantaged. In this paper, we describe a framework for portal engagement (awareness, registration, and use) among safety net patients. We incorporate the experiences in the Los Angeles County Department of Health Services to illustrate important contextual factors for portal outreach in our safety net. Finally, we discuss considerations for moving forward with health technology in the safety net as the next version of patient portals are being developed.
The Incidence, Causes, and Risk Factors of Acute Kidney Injury in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors
Authors: Seethapathy Harish , Zhao Sophia , Chute Donald F. , Zubiri Leyre , Oppong Yaa , Strohbehn Ian , Cortazar Frank B. , Leaf David E. , Mooradian Meghan J. , Villani Alexandra-Chloé , Sullivan Ryan J. , Reynolds Kerry , Sise Meghan E.
Published: October 2019

Background and objectives

Immune checkpoint inhibitor use in oncology is increasing rapidly. We sought to determine the frequency, severity, cause, and predictors of AKI in a real-world population receiving checkpoint inhibitors.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We included all patients who received checkpoint inhibitor therapy from May 2011 to December 2016 at Massachusetts General Hospital. Baseline serum creatinine, averaged 6 months before checkpoint inhibitor start date, was compared with all subsequent creatinine values within 12 months of starting therapy. AKI was defined by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes criteria for fold changes in creatinine from baseline. Sustained AKI events lasted at least 3 days and was our primary outcome. The cause of sustained AKI was determined by chart review. Cumulative incidence and subdistribution hazard models were used to assess the relationship between baseline demographics, comorbidities, and medications, and sustained AKI and potential checkpoint inhibitor–related AKI.

Results

We included 1016 patients in the analysis. Average age was 63 (SD 13) years, 61% were men, and 91% were white. Mean baseline creatinine was 0.9 mg/dl (SD 0.4 mg/dl), and 169 (17%) had CKD (eGFR<60 ml/min per 1.73 m2) at baseline. A total of 169 patients (17%) experienced AKI, defined by an increase in creatinine at least 1.5 times the baseline within 12 months; 82 patients (8%) experienced sustained AKI and 30 patients (3%) had potential checkpoint inhibitor–related AKI. The first episode of sustained AKI occurred, on average, 106 days (SD 85) after checkpoint inhibitor initiation. Sixteen (2%) patients experienced stage 3 sustained AKI and four patients required dialysis. Proton pump inhibitor use at baseline was associated with sustained AKI.

Conclusions

AKI is common in patients receiving checkpoint inhibitor therapy. The causes of sustained AKI in this population are heterogenous and merit thorough evaluation. The role of PPI and other nephritis-inducing drugs in the development of sustained AKI needs to be better defined.
Effects of Pairing on the Relationships between Motivation and Task Performance in an Interactive Task
Authors: Konno Katsuyuki , Koga Tsutomu , Yamaguchi Atsumi
Published: October 2019

This study investigates how learners’ own motivational variables are related to task performance and how learners’ task performance is influenced by their partners’ motivational variables in an interactive task. A total of 28 Japanese first year university students engaged in a computer mediated, decision making task, and the number of words produced and turns taken during the task was counted as their task performance. Questionnaires were administered to measure eight motivational dispositions related to the task. Correlation analyses were used to examine the relationships between task motivation and performance. The results showed that (a) learners’ task motivation was positively correlated with task performance, suggesting a positive role of task motivation in performing a task and (b) learners’ task performance was negatively correlated with the interlocutors’ task motivation, except for the highly motivated pairs, which implied limited effects of pair work. This study finally provides some pedagogical and future implications.
On the Concepts of Contradiction and Unity of Opposites
Authors: Dong Prof. Zhiyong
Published: October 2019

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On the Concepts of Subject, Object, Subjectivity and Objectivity 2
Authors: Dong Prof. Zhiyong
Published: October 2019

This article gives Prof. Zhiyong Dong’s own definitions to the concepts of Subject, Object, Subjectivity and Objectivity.
GREEN SYNTHESIS OF PLANT-MEDIATED METAL NANOPARTICLES: THE ROLE OF POLYPHENOLS
Authors: LATIF MS  , ABBAS S  , KORMIN F  , MUSTAFA MK
Published: October 2019

The use of metal nanoparticles (MNPs) in various fields is increasing day-by-day leading to a genuine concern about the issues related to their environmental and biological safety. The major approaches for the synthesis of NPs include physical and chemical methods which are expensive and hazardous to health in addition to being toxic to the environment. This review highlights the potential of plant extracts to carry out the synthesis of MNPs with a special emphasis on the role of flavonoids in nanosynthesis. This green and clean approach have been actively utilized in recent years as an alternative to conventional hazardous approaches. It has proved as cost-effective, non-toxic, less time and labor consuming, efficient, and eco-friendly method for the synthesis of MNPs with specific biological actions. This review also focuses on the role of polyphenols, including the flavonoids as bioreductants of metal salts for the synthesis of NPs along with their biomedical applications. Various examples of the MNPs, along with their biological actions, have also been summarized.
Phytochemistry PREPARATION OF DIFFERENT CRUDE EXTRACT AND ANTIMICROBIAL STUDIES OF SPIROGYRA RHIZOPUS
Authors: DANIEL E  , GIRMA T  , VENKATESAN JAYAKUMAR S
Published: October 2019

Objective: The importance of this work is to prepare the crude extracts of Spirogyra rhizopus and to study the biological activity of crude extract against four bacterial strains.

Materials and Methods: Spirogyra algae collected from Jimma town, and crude extracts were prepared by cold percolation method and sonication method and further analyzed for qualitative phytochemical analysis. The efficacy of crude extracts is tested for bacterial activity by disc-diffusion method.

Results: The maximum zone of inhibition shown by the crude extract is compared to standard and control. Among the four extracts, chloroform extract displayed the promising inhibitory action against four bacterial strains.

Conclusions: The preliminary study concludes that green algae S. rhizopus is a potential source of pharmacologically active lead molecules. In vitro screening of crude extracts of green algae S. rhizopus shows promising activity against bacterial strains and thus suggests its application in drug discovery research.
EFFECT OF ULTRA-DILUTED HISTAMINE ON HYPOXIC CHICK LUNG TISSUE INFLAMMATORY CHANGES
Authors: PRITAM GOSWAMI  , SWAIF ALI SK  , SAYAK GHOSH  , ANAMIKA BASU  , JOYDEEP KHANRA  , SATADAL DAS
Published: October 2019

Objectives: Since its discovery, the role of histamine in inflammation is controversial; thus, according to some authority, it is mainly pro-inflammatory, and according to others, it is anti-inflammatory in nature. In this scenario, we thought that the contradictory results are dose dependent, thus in this study, our aim was to find the specific role of ultra-diluted histamine in pulmonary inflammation.

Materials and Methods: Ultra-diluted histamine ( ~1 pg/ml) was administered in chick lung hypoxic inflammation in an restricted organoid culture along with lysozyme, ovalbumin, and blank controls.

Results: The ultra-diluted histamine showed a significant role as an anti-inflammatory and bronchodilator agent and the anti-inflammatory action was found similar to lysozyme.

Conclusion: Ultra-diluted histamine may be used as an anti-inflammatory agent.
The ALGINATE MICROSPHERES CONTAINING CURCUMIN: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND IN VITRO HUMAN HAEMOGLOBIN GLYCOSYLATION ASSAY
Authors: KULKARNI AS  , BHUJBAL SS
Published: October 2019

Objective: The objective of the present study was to formulate, evaluate alginate microspheres of curcumin, and to investigate the inhibitory effect on glycosylated hemoglobin.

Methods: All formulations were prepared by an ionotropic gelation technique using sodium alginate as a polymer and calcium chloride as a crosslinker in varying concentrations. The formulation batches (F1–F6) were evaluated for physical properties such as compatibility studies, percentage entrapment efficiency (%EE), microsphere yield, particle size, and polydispersity index. In vitro, drug release was studied and surface morphology was characterized by scanning electron microscopy.

Results: The microspheres showed %EE, microsphere yield, particle size in the ranges of 44.86%–84.24%, 43.05%–81.4%, and 352–559 μm, respectively. In vitro, drug release and release kinetics showed that the developed curcumin microspheres system is a promising delivery system for controlled drug release. Scanning electron micrographs indicate porous and rough surface. The inhibitory properties of curcumin and microspheres (F4) on glycosylation formation were investigated in hemoglobin using quercetin as standard. The decreased in hemoglobin concentration after incubation of hemoglobin with a graded concentration of glucose over a specified time was used as an index for in vitro human hemoglobin glycosylation assay. Glycosylation inhibition was about 75% for standard quercetin, 60% for curcumin microspheres, and 38.74% for curcumin suspension occurred after 72 h.

Conclusion: From these results, it can be concluded that curcumin in microsphere formulation has better therapeutic potential and could prove to be useful in the development of antidiabetic formulation.
The CURRENT TRENDS AND TREATMENTS IN DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
Authors: FIROZ MV  , VISHAL GUPTA N  , SANDEEP KANNA
Published: October 2019

The drastically increasing issues of the disease scenario currently are with different types of diabetes all over the world. It has been reported, approximately 592 million are suffering from the disease throughout the world. It affects differently in different patients with the disease. There have been reports that it is affected differently and also has different side effects. It is also been reported that diabetes mellitus leads to the cause of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and also diabetic macular edema. It is considered as one of the most common causes which is linked to DR. DR has been considered as one of the most important causes for the loss of vision or impaired vision. The drugs show different types of incompatibility such as toxicity, solubility issues, aggregation, and chemical degradation these can be improved by applying several methods. DR is classified according to “Airlie House” into different categories and based on different strategies and consideration. It was found that DR is the main cause for vision loss and also there no much strategies for development of new treatment. The treatment involved is laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy, among these the effective treatment, was found to be laser photocoagulation. This is mainly characterized as proliferative and non-proliferative DR. Different therapeutic agents have been taken for the study these includes vascular endothelial growth factor, renin-angiotensin system inhibitors and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, they are certainly different interventions for the treatment, they are nanotechnology and liposome. Nanotechnology applied is the most effective and also acceptable way of treatment.
Hidden prosody in philology: yìyŭ 'transcriptions' in the 15th century
Authors: Lin Chihkai
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates how prosody is hidden behind transcriptions in historical resources. Three historical sources are used in the analysis. They are Chinese transcriptions from the 15th century in which Japanese, Korean and Ryukyuan phrases are recorded using Chinese characters. The argument concentrates on the prosodic patterns of disyllabic nouns in the three historical sources. The results of chi-square tests show that in the transcriptions Korean is significantly different from Japanese and Ryukyuan. In disyllabic nouns, the Chinese tonal category shăngshēng is favored in the first syllable of the Korean data to show changes from low to high tone. On the other hand, the transition is not salient in the Japanese and Ryukyuan data. In addition, the Chinese tonal cateogry yīnpíng is disfavored in the first syllable of the Korean data, whereas Chinese yīnpíng is not overtly excluded from the first syllable of Japanese and Ryukyuan data. This paper also discusses the projection of prosodic characteristics from Chinese onto the transcriptions: the second syllable in a disyllabic noun tends to be qùshēng.
Твердотельные СВЧ-переключатели средней и большой мощности Часть 1
Authors: Кочемасов В. , Дингес С. , Шадский В.
Published: October 2019

Рассмотрены твердотельные СВЧ-переключатели средней и большой мощности. Приведена информация об особенностях различных типов таких устройств.
Анализ электромагнитной обстановки с использованием программных средств
Authors: Петровичев А.
Published: October 2019

Для того чтобы на этапе проектирования спрогнозировать электромагнитную обстановку и выявить проблемы, применяют компьютерное моделирование. При выборе программных средств для моделирования разработчику следует учитывать ряд факторов, в частности функциональные возможности программы, точность расчета, требуемые вычислительные ресурсы.
Как избежать одновременного открытия ключей в синхронных понижающих преобразователях при замедлении фронтов импульсов
Authors: Досталь Ф.
Published: October 2019

Разработчик импульсных источников питания вынужден искать баланс между высоким КПД и низким уровнем помех в диапазоне высоких частот. Компания Analog Devices предлагает решение, которое позволяет снизить электромагнитные помехи без риска короткого замыкания в синхронных понижающих преобразователях.
Сравнительные испытания на генерируемые помехи импульсных ИВП на основе традиционного подхода и технологии Silent Switcher
Authors: Куек Х. , Буквин А.
Published: October 2019

Рассмотрено применение технологии Silent Switcher компании Analog Devices в импульсных источниках вторичного питания (ИВП). Отмечено, что данная технология позволяет значительно уменьшить электромагнитные помехи, создаваемые ИВП, и повысить их КПД.
Применение программируемого источника питания ITECH IT6000C для испытаний движителя с эффектом Холла
Authors: Писковацков М.
Published: October 2019

При проведении испытаний движителя с эффектом Холла, используемого для приведения в движение космических аппаратов, необходим источник питания высокой мощности. Компания ITECH предлагает двунаправленные программируемые источники питания постоянного тока серии IT6000C, которые полностью соответствуют требованиям и условиям такого рода испытаний.
Estimasi Fixed Effect Model dari Likuiditas Aset, Financial Leverage dan Likuiditas Saham di Indonesia
Authors: Yusra Irdha , Mulfita Awidi
Published: October 2019

In investing, investors don’t assess the expected return, but also liquidity in shares. Because the aspect of liquidity is very important for investors to decide which stocks are attractive investments. This study aims to examine the effect of asset liquidity and financial leverage on stock liquidity. The population is all companies which are listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2013-2017 periods. The sampling technique uses a purposive sampling method with predetermined criteria and obtained a sample of 58 companies with 290 observations. The data of the financial statement of the companies has been obtained from the official website of IDX. The analytical method used is regression analysis of panel data with the help of application E-Views 8. Panel data regression can be estimated using three models, namely Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM). From the results of the estimation model, it is found that FEM is the best model in this study. Furthermore, the results of the study show that asset liquidity has a positive and not significant effect on stock liquidity, while financial leverage has a negative and significant effect on stock liquidity.

Dalam berinvestasi, investor tidak hanya menilai dari return yang diharapkan, namun juga likuiditas pada saham. Karena aspek likuiditas sangat penting bagi investor untuk memutuskan mana saham yang menarik investasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh likuiditas aset dan financial leverage terhadap likuiditas saham. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) periode 2013-2017. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan kriteria yang telah ditentukan dan diperoleh sampel sebanyak 58 perusahaan. Data laporan keuangan diperoleh dari website resmi BEI. Metode analisis yang dipakai adalah analisis regresi data panel dengan bantuan aplikasi E-Views 8. Regresi data panel dapat diestimasi menggunakan tiga model, yaitu Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), dan Random Effect Model (REM). Untuk mendapatkan model terbaik digunakan uji lanjut, yaitu Uji Chow dan Uji Hausman. Dari hasil estimasi model diperoleh bahwa FEM sebagai model terbaik dalam penelitian ini. Lebih lanjut, hasil penelitian menemukan bahwa likuiditas aset berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan terhadap likuiditas saham, sedangkan financial leverage berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap likuiditas saham.
Efektifitas Arang Ampas Tebu Dalam Menurunkan Asam Lemak Bebas pada Minyak Jelantah
Authors: Marliza Hesti , Oktavia Pratiwi
Published: October 2019

Minyak goreng merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok manusia sebagai media pengolahan bahan makanan. Penggunaan minyak goreng yang berulang dengan pemanasan pada suhu tinggi akan menghasilkan kadar asam lemak bebas diakibatkan oleh proses hidrolisis yang terjadi selama penggorengan. Minyak jelantah mempunyai kandungan asam lemak bebas (ALB) yang cukup tinggi.Penurunan angka asam pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggunakan arang ampas tebu sebagai adsorben. Tujuan penelitian in untuk untuk mengetahui apakah pemberian arang ampas tebu dapat menurunkan kadar asam lemak bebas pada minyak goreng bekas. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode titrimetri. Hasil penelitian penurunan kadar asam lemak bebas pada minyak goreng bekas sebelum perendaman sebesar 51,2%, kemudian setelah dilakukan perendaman dengan ampas tebu selama 24, 48 dan 72 jam masing-masing adalah 44,3%, 42,6% dan 7,33%, sedangkan dengan menggunakan arang ampas tebu dalam waktu yang sama masing-masing adalah 36,3%, 18,4%, dan 4,26%. Berdasarkan hasil analisa terjadinya penurunan angka asam lemak bebas pada minyak jelantah setelah perendaman dengan arang ampas tebu
Strengthening Village Culture Literacy in the National Development
Authors: Faturahman Burhanudin Mukhamad , Kirana Cintantya Andhita Dara , Putra Dedy Dwi , Irawan Andri , Kolne Salesius Vitalis
Published: October 2019

Cultural literacy is needed as an element of development in development administration. Values in culture, especially village communities have long been a factor forming social structures in the village and are able to play a role in maintaining the preservation of environmental ecosystems. However, cultural problems in the village have long existed before the government's cultural development policies were implemented. The purpose of this paper provides a broader space to translate village culture to the lowest level into the development process because villages in the context of modernization have a vulnerability to traditions that have been carried out for generations. The research uses library research. The results of the discussion show that communication and interaction within the family contribute to strengthening local language culture and habits that are taught from generation to next generation. Culture formed by families is able to filter out social change. In addition, the diversity of cultures in the village has become a unique opportunity for the consistency of cultural development with a tolerance base amid the swift capitalism / modernization that has a universal cultural impact. Thus, these two aspects are steps in the people center development to be considered in cultural development in the village.
Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Berbasis Gerakan Literasi di Taman Baca Masyarakat Pondok Sinau Lentera Anak Nusantara
Authors: Agustino Hutri
Published: October 2019

Empowerment derived from the word ‘power’. Therefore, the main idea of empowerment in contact with the concept of power. Meanwhile, the authority itself is often attributed with the ability to make other people do what we want, regardless of their wishes and interests. Empowerment refers to the ability of the people, especially the weak and vulnerable groups so that they have the ability in some respects. This in turn makes the praxis of empowerment of communities on the territory of the literacy movement. The inclusion of community empowerment on the literacy movement to make the movement experienced a transformation from the previous only general movement based on issues that are more specific, one that is in the Pondok Sinau Lentera Anak Nusantara as setting research. The purpose of this research is to know the realization community empowerment-based literacy movement and the impact of socio-economic change in the surrounding communities. By using the theory of community empowerment and literacy theory and qualitative descriptive method, it can be noted that there is a relationship between the empowerment of community-based literacy movement toward socio-economic changes in the surrounding communities. The background and the focus of community empowerment-based literacy movement in Pondok Sinau Lentera Anak Nusantara is as follows: (1) the existence of empowerment-based literacy movement in Pondok Sinau Lentera Anak Nusantara the answer to the problems of social-historical territory of the village; (2) the realization of the empowerment funded based on the principle of volunteerism and independence; (3) the main focus of the activities of empowerment is the transformation of the values of the characters building for the productive age group as well as encourage socio-economic independence based on a series of soft skill thematic activities.
Krisis Legitimasi Politik Donald Trump Sebagai Ancaman Supremasi Amerika Serikat Dalam Politik Global
Authors: Sahide Ahmad
Published: October 2019

Donald Trump is the 45th President of the United States who was sworn in on January 20, 2017. Donald Trump's victory shook the global political order because a number of his statements and political policies were very controversial. A number of controversial Trump policies include the recognition of Jerusalem as the capital of Israel, the closeness of relations with Vladimir Putin, to protectionist policies that get resistance from within and outside the country. The author uses the legitimacy theory in this study to see the political impact of the policies taken by Trump. The results of this study see that Donald Trump's policy controversy has an impact on the crisis of political legitimacy which results in the threat of US political supremacy in the global political arena.
Analisis Perilaku Keselamatan Penggunaan Tabung Gas LPG pada Pekerja di Rumah Makan Warteg di Kelurahan Kalianyar Kecamatan Tambora Jakarta Barat
Authors: Nur Arrasyid Muhammad Ridwan Alwi , Rahmadani Muhamad Arief , Nurrizky Mia Yulia
Published: October 2019

Liquifed Petroleum Gas merupakan bentuk dari hasil konversi minyak tanah yang dibuat Pemerintah gunamengurangi pengeluaran APBN dalam hal pembelian bahan bakar. Maraknya penggunaan LPG di sektorrumah tangga serta kuliner seperti warteg menimbulkan beberapa kasus kebakaran karena kebocoran tabunggas akibat penggunaan LPG yang tidak aman yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh human factor. Tujuanpenelitian ini adalah mengetahui bagaimana hubungan antara karakteristik (umur, pendidikan, masa kerja),pengetahuan, dan sikap pekerja warteg dengan penggunaan tabung gas LPG. Subyek peneitian ini adalahpekerja rumah makan warteg di Kelurahan Kalianyar, Jakarta Barat. Besar sampel dalam penelitian inisebanyak 97 responden dengan menggunakan teknik quota sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan denganmewawancara para responden dengan menggunakan lembar kuesioner. Hasil penelitian dari 73 respondenmenunjukkan bahwa 46,6 % responden berperilaku tidak aman dalam penggunaan LPG dan 53,4 %responden berperilaku aman dalam penggunaan tabung LPG. Disamping itu, diperoleh hubungan antaraperilaku keselamatan penggunaan tabung LPG pada pekerja rumah makan warteg dengan pengetahuan(p=0.000) dan sikap (p=0.047). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan dan sikap berpengaruh terhadapperilaku seseorang dalam menggunakan tabung gas LPG. Untuk meningkatkan perilaku aman pada pekerjasektor informal khususnya pekerja warteg, perlu dilakukan lagi sosialisasi dan penyebaran poster mengenaiprosedur aman dalam penggunaan tabung gas LPG.
PREDICTION OF BEST FEATURES IN HETEROGENEOUS LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA SAMPLES USING LEAST ABSOLUTE SHRINKAGE AND SELECTION OPERATOR
Authors: MUHAMMED KHALIQ ATEEQ , SHARATHCHANDRA R G  , RAJAMOHAN MEENAKSHI
Published: October 2019

This study aims to create a tumor heterogeneity-based model for predicting the best features of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in multiple cancer subtypes using the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO). The RNASeq data of 533 LUAD cancer samples were downloaded from the TCGA database. Subsequent to the identification of differentially expressed genes (DEGs), the samples were divided into two subtypes based on the consensus clustering method. The subtypes were estimated with the abundance of immune and non-immune stromal cell populations which infiltrated tissue. LASSO model was established to predict each subtype's best genes. Enrichment pathway analysis was then carried out. Finally, the validity of the LUSC model for identifying features was established by the survival analysis.89 and 444 samples were clustered in Subtype-1 and Subtype-2 groups respectively. DEG analysis was performed on each subtype. A standard cutoff was applied and in total, 2033 genes were upregulated and 505 were downregulated in case of subtype-1 and 5039 genes were upregulated and 1219 were downregulated in case of subtype-2. LASSO model was established to predict the best features from each subtypes, 40 and 43 most relevant genes were selected in subtype-1 and subtype-2. The abundance of tissue-infiltrates analysis distinguished the subtypes based on the expression pattern of immune infiltrates. Survival analysis showed that this model could effectively predict the best and distinct features in cancer subtypes. The study suggests that unsupervised clustering and Machine learning methods such as LASSO model-based feature selection can be effectively used to predict relevant genes which might play an essential role in cancer diagnosis.