bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuzheng–Buyi formula for treating castration-resistant prostate cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Xiao , Peng Shirong , Huang Hai , Xu Jia , Liu Wenjuan , Wang Hailong , Li Qi
Published: November 2024

Background:

The study was designed to systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Fuzheng–Buyi formula in treating castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC).

Methods:

A computer-based search were conducted in the databases, including CNKI, WanFang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, EMbase, and the Cochrane database to identify all randomized controlled trials. The studies investigating the efficacy and safety of Fuzheng–Buyi formula combined with Western medicine for the treatment of CRPC were included from January 1st, 2010 to December 31st, 2023. The quality of the included studies was evaluated according to the Cochrane Handbook manual, and meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 and R Studio 4.2.3 software.

Results:

In this study, a total of 18 trials were included, encompassing a population of 1093 patients diagnosed with CRPC. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the combination of Fuzheng–Buyi formula and Western drugs was more effective in increasing the overall efficacy rate (risk ratio = 1.31, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.17, 1.46], P < .00001), decreasing Traditional Chinese Medicine syndrome score (mean difference [MD] = −4.40, 95% CI [−6.10, −2.70], P < .00001), and quality of life scale (physiological condition MD = −2.31, 95% CI [−3.13, −1.48], P < .00001; social well-being MD = 1.26, 95% CI [0. 59, 1.94], P = .0002; emotional well-being MD = −2.04, 95% CI [−2.96, −1.12], P < .00001; functional well-being MD = −3.18, 95% CI [2.11, 4.26], P < .00001; others should be paid to MD = −3.15, 95% CI [−4.93, −1.37], P = .0005) compared with the Western medicine alone. And the incidence of adverse events was significantly lower in the combination treatment group compared with Western medicine group (risk ratio = 0.58, 95% CI [0.46, 0.73], P < .00001).

Conclusion:

The combination of Fuzheng–Buyi formula and Western medicine was more effective in improving the clinical efficacy and quality of life of CRPC patients, with lower incidence of adverse events compared with Western medicine alone.
Causal relationship between gout and liver cancer: A Mendelian randomization and transcriptome analysis
Authors: Xi Jiaqi , Cheng Xiaofang , Liu Jun
Published: November 2024

Gout is an inflammatory arthritis resulting from urate crystal deposition, now recognized as part of metabolic syndrome. Hyperuricemia, a hallmark of gout, is associated with various health complications, including liver cancer. Observational studies indicate a link between gout and increased cancer incidence. However, the causal relationship between gout and hepatocellular carcinoma remains uncertain. This study utilizes Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore this connection, minimizing confounding factors commonly present in observational studies. Genome-wide association study data for gout and liver cancer were sourced from the UK Biobank. We selected single nucleotide polymorphisms that are strongly associated with gout and liver cancer as instrumental variables for the analysis. We conducted 2-sample MR analysis using multiple MR methods (MR-Egger, weighted median, inverse variance weighting, and weighted mode) to evaluate causality. Co-localization and transcriptomic analyses were employed to identify target genes and assess their expression in hepatocellular carcinoma tissues. The 2-sample MR analysis indicated a significant causal relationship between gout and heightened liver cancer risk (P_IVW = .014). Co-localization analysis identified phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase (PEMT) as a crucial gene associated with gout (pH4 = 0.990). Transcriptomic data showed that PEMT expression was significantly higher in normal liver tissues compared to malignant samples (P < .001), and higher PEMT levels correlated with improved survival outcomes (P = .045). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed lower PEMT expression in hepatocellular carcinoma from patients with concurrent gout compared to those without (P < .05). The results indicate that gout increases the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma, with PEMT potentially playing a key role. Although this study focused on European populations, indicating a need for further research in diverse groups, the results emphasize the potential for liver cancer screening in newly diagnosed gout patients. Understanding the relationship between these conditions may inform future clinical practices and cancer prevention strategies.
Effect of dural puncture epidural technique combined with programmed intermittent epidural bolus on labor analgesia: A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, controlled clinical trial
Authors: Zhou Rouxuan , Chen Daili , Li Yuantao , Huang Xiaolei , Wu Mingguang , Lin Qihua
Published: November 2024

Background:

Labor analgesia can be achieved by different approaches. The efficacy and safety of combined dural puncture epidural (DPE) with program intermittent epidural bolus (PIEB) are not well characterized. This study aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of DPE combined with PIEB vs epidural (EP) combined with PIEB for labor analgesia.

Methods:

We performed a prospective, randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, controlled clinical trial. Eligible pregnant nulliparous women received either DPE combined with PIEB (group D) or epidural combined with PIEB (group E) for labor analgesia. Analgesia was initiated with 0.1% ropivacaine + 0.3 µg/mL sufentanil and maintained with PIEB at 12 mL/h. Primary outcome was the proportion of women with adequate analgesia within 10 minutes after the initiation of analgesics. Secondary outcomes (time to achieve analgesia, time to first request for additional analgesic, proportion of women required additional analgesic or epidural catheter adjustment and resetting, total labor duration, total analgesic consumption, level of anesthesia, and motor block), side effects, and patient satisfaction were also documented.

Results:

Out of 174 enrolled women, 160 were included in the analysis. Baseline characteristics were comparable. The proportion of women who achieved adequate analgesia in group D was significantly greater than that in group E (38.8% vs 20.0%, P < .05). Compared with group E, group D also showed advantages in faster adequate analgesic achievement, more likely to reach adequate analgesia, a longer time to maintain analgesia, lesser requirements for additional analgesic, and better sensory blocks. There were no significant inter-group differences in other outcome measures.

Conclusions:

Compared with epidural and PIEB mode, DPE and PIEB mode achieved better analgesia without increasing maternal or neonatal side-effects during labor.
Effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of norvancomycin in the management of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in pediatric patients: A retrospective case study
Authors: Zhang Xueqin , Zhang Nan , Pei Yuntao , Hu Ningning , Chen Xiaohui , Zhang Liming , Zhao Yile
Published: November 2024

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness, safety, and cost-effectiveness of norvancomycin in the management of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in pediatric patients. We conducted a retrospective study on cases of osteomyelitis in pediatric patients treated with norvancomycin or vancomycin at Hebei Children’s Hospital from January 2015 to February 2023. The patients were categorized into the norvancomycin group and the vancomycin group. Clinical data regarding efficacy, safety, and cost-effectiveness before and after drug treatment were collected for comparative analysis. Each group contained 104 children. After 14 days of treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of adverse events and efficacy indexes between the 2 groups. However, the total hospitalization cost of the norvancomycin group (¥28765.35 ± ¥11835.98) was significantly lower than that of the vancomycin group (¥43776.06 ± ¥33365.30) (P = .000). Additionally, compared to the vancomycin group, both the clinical efficacy cost ratio (290.44 vs 437.76) and bacteriological clearance cost ratio (356.14 vs 576.30) were lower in the norvancomycin group. Norvancomycin demonstrates comparable efficacy to the first-line drug vancomycin in treating acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in pediatric patients. Moreover, norvancomycin can significantly mitigate treatment expenses and exhibit favorable cost-effectiveness.
Middle ear cholesteatoma and facial nerve hypertrophy mimicking schwannoma in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: A case report
Authors: Jang Minho , Hong ChanEui , Choi Jin Woo , Kim Chang-Hee
Published: November 2024

Rationale:

Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, a hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy, presents with progressive chronic sensory and distal motor polyneuropathy. While sensorineural hearing loss and vestibular impairment have been documented in CMT patients, concurrent middle ear cholesteatoma and persistent direction-changing positional nystagmus have not.

Patient concerns:

This study details a 22-year-old man with CMT1 exhibiting these symptoms.

Diagnoses:

A 22-year-old man with CMT1 (PMP22, c.319+1G>T mutation) presented with rotatory vertigo, left-sided hearing loss, and aural fullness. Examination revealed middle ear effusion and a whitish mass behind the left tympanic membrane. Audiometry showed mixed hearing loss on the left side. Imaging indicated middle ear cholesteatoma and facial nerve hypertrophy.

Interventions:

Surgical removal of the cholesteatoma revealed a dehiscent hypertrophied facial nerve.

Outcomes:

Postoperative follow-up showed improved hearing and no recurrence.

Lessons:

This case highlights 3 key points: facial nerve hypertrophy in CMT requiring differentiation from schwannoma, the first reported instance of middle ear cholesteatoma in a CMT patient, and vertigo due to acute otitis media complicated by serous labyrinthitis, manifesting as direction-changing positional nystagmus. These findings underscore the need for thorough diagnosis and management in such presentations. This is the first report of concomitant middle ear cholesteatoma in a CMT patient, illustrating the complexity of diagnosis and treatment.
Comparative evaluation of pain rating scales for dental pain among the Saudi population: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Assiri Khalil Ibrahim , Shamsudeen Shaik Mohamed , Ajmal Muhammed , Asiri Abdulaziz Mustafa , Zarbah Muhannad , Arem Saeed Abdullah , Chalikkandy Sandeepa , Alqahtani Ali Mosfer
Published: November 2024

Pain, being a subjective phenomenon, is perceived in different manner by individuals based on various factors including age and gender. Various scales are available in literature to assess and record the pain perceived by an individual. Comparison of commonly used pain perception scales among Saudi Arabian population is scarce. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 180 subjects who were belonging to 2 age groups namely 7 to 16 years (group 1; n = 90) and 51 to 60 years (group II; n = 90). Subjects with dental pain of pulpal origin were included by employing consecutive sampling. The included participants were asked to record the severity of pain using visual analogue scale (VAS) and Wong Baker facial pain rating scale (WBS) in a computer-generated random order. The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis. t test was used to compare the pain score recorded using VAS and WBS among males and females. The correlation between VAS and WBS was also assessed. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. All subjects who participated responded to both the pain perception scales. No difference was found between males and females in the pain perception recorded using VAS and WBS in both the groups. A strong positive correlation was found between VAS and WBS score which was found to be statistically significant in both the groups. Both VAS and WBS are reliable tool to record pain perception in both age groups. WBS is found to be easier and more convenient one.
Traditional Chinese herbal compound as complementary treatment for nonspecific low back pain: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Lao Yangjun , Fu Jialei , Chen Yangdahao , Xu Bin , Zhang Shuliang , Sheng Hongfeng , Liu Yiyang , Du Yibin
Published: November 2024

Background:

This prospective randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Bu Shen Tong Luo herbal compound as a complementary treatment for nonspecific low back pain (NSLBP).

Methods:

A total of 76 patients with NSLBP included from January 2022 to June 2023 according to the criteria were randomly divided into Bushen Tongluo formula (BSTL) group (n = 38) and celecoxib group (n = 38). According to Traditional Chinese Medicine principles, patients of 2 groups were divided into 5 syndrome types. Celecoxib or BSTL herbal compound were used to treat NSLBP of each group for 3 weeks, every week the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association scores of each patient was record and compared to evaluate the clinical efficacy, and adverse reaction was reported to evaluate the safety of 2 interventions.

Results:

A total of 71 patients finished the follow-up, including 36 patients in BSTL group and 35 patients in celecoxib group. The result showed that within 3 weeks, both BSTL and celecoxib interventions were able to treat NSLBP, with improvements in VAS scores and waist function index. However, there were no significant differences in clinical outcomes between these 2 interventions. Then we divided the patients into 5 syndromes on the basis of traditional Chinese medicine principles and observed their clinical outcomes. We found that celecoxib had similar improvements in VAS score and waist function index for each syndrome type and most of the syndromes in the BSTL group, except for the SRBZ syndrome. In the treatment of SRBZ syndrome, BSTL prescription showed no statistically significant clinical improvement. Meanwhile, in the treatment of HSBZ syndrome of NSLBP, BSTL prescription showed better clinical results than celecoxib, although there was no difference in VAS scores between the 2 groups, patients in BSXL group had better waist function than those in celecoxib group.

Conclusion:

Both BSTL herbal compound and celecoxib are effective and safe in the clinical treatment of NSLBP, and BSTL herbal compound had unique advantages in the treatment of HSBZ syndrome type of NSLBP especially in waist function improvement.
Meta-analysis of the efficacy and impact on cardiac function of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor Empagliflozin in heart failure patients
Authors: Li Weidong , Shen Xuanyang , Zhang Meiqi , Tan Wentao , Jiang Xiaolu , Wen Hongfu , Shen Yuan
Published: November 2024

Background:

Currently, there is no comprehensive systematic review available to comprehensively assess the efficacy and safety of Empagliflozin and other sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of heart failure (HF). This study employed a meta-analysis approach to systematically evaluate the therapeutic effects of Empagliflozin in HF patients and its impact on cardiac function.

Method:

The keywords including “heart failure,” “HF,” “cardiac failure,” “cardiac disease,” “Empagliflozin,” and “sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors” were utilized to search for relevant clinical studies on Empagliflozin in the treatment of HF in various databases, such as China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, VIP Chinese Medical Journal Database, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, Springer, and Science Direct. The studies included patients with HF who received drug treatment. Data on baseline characteristics and posttreatment outcomes, including HF hospitalization (HHF), cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, estimated glomerular filtration rate changes, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire quality of life (QoL) scores, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, left ventricular ejection fraction, hematocrit, and other relevant indicators were collected. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan5.3 to analyze the extracted data.

Results:

A total of 15 studies were included in the final analysis, comprising 36,917 patients with HF. Among them, 18,486 patients were in Empagliflozin group, and 18,431 patients were in control (Ctrl) group. The results of the meta-analysis demonstrated that, relative to Ctrl group, Empagliflozin group showed a substantially lower HHF rate, a substantial improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate changes, a reduced cardiovascular mortality rate, a higher Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire QoL score, increased hematocrit values, reduced N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide changes, and enhanced left ventricular ejection fraction changes. These findings suggest that remarkable improvements in various outcomes compared to the Ctrl group.

Conclusion:

The sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor Empagliflozin markedly reduces the HHF rate and cardiovascular mortality in HF patients. It also improves patients’ QoL, enhances renal function, and increases cardiac function while reducing both, the preload and afterload.
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells combined with autologous platelet-rich plasma for lower extremity venous ulcers: A case report and literature review
Authors: Jiao Linlin , Nie Jing , Duan Limei , Qiao Xiaoping , Sui Yuanda
Published: November 2024

Rationale:

Nonhealing ulcers are difficult to manage because they deviate from the normal wound healing process. Conventional therapy cannot achieve satisfactory therapeutic effects. To verify the effectiveness of combined treatment with human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUMSCs) and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) for nonhealing ulcers, we studied a patient with left lower limb venous ulcer (LEVU) treated with combined injection therapy.

Patient concerns:

We present the case of a LEVU patient who has not healed for a long period of time (up to 1 year).

Diagnoses:

LEVU was diagnosed with clinical symptoms.

Interventions:

The hUMSCs plus PRP were injected into the wound edge and base (1 µL of cells/cm2 of wound surface), 0.5 mL at each point, with a distance of approximately 1 to 3 cm between points. The injection point was determined according to the extent of wound involvement.

Outcomes:

Seven days after hUMSC + PRP application, the wound area decreased by nearly 50%. The ulcers had almost completely healed by day 62, and no serious treatment-related toxic side effects were observed.

Lessons:

hUMSCs can improve wound healing through re-epithelialization, increased angiogenesis, and granulation tissue formation. PRP has also been suggested to promote wound healing through the secretion of various nutritional factors. The combination of hUMSCs and PRP has a mutually reinforcing effect, which may achieve a 1 + 1 > 2 effect. Therefore, the combination of hUMSCs and PRP may be a safe and effective treatment option for LEVU.
The value of lung ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of common lung diseases in newborns
Authors: Wu Jiabo , Su Chang , Mao Yueyan
Published: November 2024

To investigate the value of lung ultrasound in the differential diagnosis of common neonatal lung diseases. A total of 160 newborns with suspected lung diseases admitted to the Department of Neonatology of Linping Branch of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University from January 2020 to June 2023, were selected for examination. Perform lung ultrasound within 24 hours of admission for above newborns, using the final clinical diagnosis as standard. Calculate the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity of lung ultrasound technology in the diagnosing neonatal lung diseases, and assess its value in the differential diagnosis of common neonatal lung diseases. A total of 160 newborns suspected of having lung disease were finally diagnosed with lung disease in 142 cases. The accuracy of lung ultrasound in differentiating neonatal pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, meconium aspiration syndrome, transient tachypnea of the newborn, pneumothorax, atelectasis, and pulmonary hemorrhage was 96.8%, 98.1%, 98.8%, 100%, 100%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. The detection rate of lung ultrasound examination for lung disease in newborns was 85.00%, with a sensitivity of 95.77%, specificity of 77.77%, positive predictive value of 97.14% and negative predictive value of 70.0%. The consistency test kappa value between lung ultrasound findings and the final clinical diagnosis of neonatal lung diseases is 0.846. Lung ultrasound holds significant value in the differential diagnosis of common lung diseases in newborns.
The impact of Tanreqing injection on mucus hypersecretion and cough in bronchiectasis: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Zhang Jinzhi , Yang Zi , Yuan Shasha , Duan Yuanyuan , Miao Qing
Published: November 2024

Background:

Bronchiectasis clinically manifests airway mucus hypersecretion as mucopurulent sputum production and chronic cough. In the past decade, Tanreqing injection (TRQ) has been often used in clinical practice as an add-on treatment for bronchiectasis in China. Several in vivo studies have indicated that TRQ is effective in improving sputum expectoration and cough in acute exacerbation of bronchiectasis but results of individual studies are inconsistent. Therefore, systematically and critically evaluating the effectiveness and safety of TRQ on mucus hypersecretion and cough in bronchiectasis is necessary.

Methods:

Randomized controlled trials examining the treatment of bronchiectasis with TRQ were systematically searched from databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Vip Information Database, Wanfang data, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database, based on a preregistered protocol and adhering to Cochrane methods. Pertinent data were taken out from the included studies and a methodological quality assessment was done. R language (version 4.4.1) was used to perform the meta-analysis.

Results:

Twenty randomized controlled trials involving 1544 patients were analyzed. The results demonstrated that TRQ significantly improved mucus hypersecretion, shortened the duration of cough and phlegm, reduced symptom scores, and enhanced both forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity. Additionally, TRQ effectively lowered inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, white blood cell count, neutrophil count, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Moreover, TRQ increased the partial pressure of oxygen and decreased carbon dioxide pressure.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that TRQ positively impacts mucus hypersecretion and mucociliary clearance, leading to improvements in sputum production and cough during bronchiectasis exacerbations, without increasing the risk of adverse effects. TRQ may be considered a viable option for managing bronchiectasis and could serve as a novel mucus-modifying agent.
Ultrasound-guided anterior iliopsoas muscle space block compared with fascia iliaca compartment block in elderly hip surgery: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Niyonkuru Emery , Zeng Rui , Zhang Xu , Zhu Juan , Jiang Peng , Ma Peng
Published: November 2024

Background:

Elderly hip fracture patients experience severe pain. Surgical stress and pain during position changes for spinal anesthesia puncture can adversely affect hemodynamics. The objective of this study was to compare the perioperative analgesic efficacy of anterior iliopsoas muscle space block with supra-inguinal fascia iliaca compartment block (S-FICB) in elderly patients undergoing hip surgery.

Method:

In this randomized control trial, 66 patients were randomly assigned to either the iliopsoas space or the S-FICB group. Each patient received 30 mL of ropivacaine 0.375%. Perioperative pain scores were assessed and compared in both groups. The primary outcome was pain scores during changes in position for neuraxial anesthesia. Secondary outcomes included postoperative pain intensity, inflammatory markers for 12 to 24 hours, and perioperative adverse reactions.

Results:

The iliopsoas space group demonstrated a faster median block onset of 7 [6–8] minutes compared to S-FICB 14.50 [13–16] minutes (P < .001). Neuraxial anesthesia position changes resulted in lower pain scores for iliopsoas 2 [1–2] versus S-FICB 3 [3–4] (P < .001). Resting pain scores were similar at 12 hours post-surgery, but during exercise, the iliopsoas group had significantly lower scores [1–2] compared to S-FICB 4 [2–4] (P < .001). After 24 hours, C-RP levels were lower in the iliopsoas group (14.86 ± 1.23 mg/L) than S-FICB (17.90 ± 1.25 mg/L) (P < .001). The 2 groups differed from one another (P < .001). These findings suggest that iliopsoas space block may offer faster, superior dynamic pain control, and potentially reduced inflammation compared to FICB block for postoperative pain management.

Conclusion:

In elderly hip fracture patients, the anterior iliopsoas space block works slightly better than S-FICB at providing effective perioperative analgesia.
From immune response to mental health: neutrophils in schizophrenia
Authors: Obeagu Emmanuel Ifeanyi , Obeagu Getrude Uzoma
Published: November 2024

Schizophrenia is a multifaceted psychiatric disorder with a complex etiology that includes genetic, environmental, and immunological factors. Emerging research has increasingly focused on the role of the immune system, particularly neutrophils, in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Neutrophils, the most abundant type of white blood cells, are crucial in the body’s defense mechanisms against infections and in the regulation of inflammation. This review explores the evolving evidence that implicates neutrophils in schizophrenia, highlighting their potential contribution to the disorder’s onset and progression through mechanisms such as neuroinflammation and oxidative stress. Recent studies have demonstrated elevated neutrophil counts and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios (NLR) in individuals with schizophrenia, correlating with the severity of psychotic symptoms and cognitive impairments. Furthermore, genetic and molecular analyses have revealed abnormalities in neutrophil function and immune-related gene expression in schizophrenia patients. These findings suggest that neutrophil dysfunction and the resulting chronic inflammation could play a significant role in the disorder’s pathophysiology, affecting neuronal function and contributing to the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia. Neutrophil-related biomarkers, such as NLR, could aid in the diagnosis and monitoring of disease progression. Additionally, targeting neutrophil activity and associated inflammatory pathways presents a promising avenue for developing new therapeutic interventions. This review underscores the need for further research to elucidate the precise mechanisms by which neutrophils influence schizophrenia and to explore potential treatments that could improve outcomes for patients.
Addressing Dietary Fiber Terminology Consistency
Authors: Forester Shavawn M. , Reyes Emily M. , Slavin Joanne L. , Fahey George C. , McCleary Barry V. , King Graham J. , Andrés-Hernández Liliana , Dooley Damion , Fukagawa Naomi K. , Klurfeld David M.
Published: November 2024

The Dietary Fiber (fiber) Terminology Roundtable was organized to address crucial issues concerning current definitions of dietary fiber and the pressing need to resolve inconsistencies and ambiguities in fiber terminology. This publication captures valuable insights and diverse perspectives from a multidisciplinary group of experts who span research areas, including fiber and carbohydrate research in human health, fiber analysis and methodology, and food and nutrition ontology development and application, as well as food composition data and public health. Although health is a critical concern, the use of the word “health” here is directly tied to its intrinsic role in regulatory definitions of dietary fiber. The presentations supported the view of dietary fiber as an essential food component with significant potential to improve health, underscoring the need for clarity in language and communication. Additionally, the concept of a systematic ontological framework was introduced as a highly valuable and most suitable solution to facilitate clear communication about fiber in research, education, healthcare, and industry. As a result, a Dietary Fiber Ontology Working Group has been formed, and the collective expertise within the group will contribute to the creation of an open-access fiber ontology. This effort aims to not only address educational aspects but also support the identification of fiber-related health outcomes and the underlying mechanisms responsible for biological effects.
The Use of Reinforced Ovine Mesh in Implant Breast Reconstruction: Equivalent Outcomes to Human Acellular Dermal Matrices and More Cost-effective
Authors: Sweitzer Keith , Arias-Camison Raquel , Cafro Carolyn , Langstein Howard
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The use of “mesh” in implant-based reconstruction is widespread, with both acellular dermal matrices (ADMs) and extracellular matrices (ECMs) being used, especially in prepectoral device placement. This study compared Ovitex (ovine ECM) versus human cadaveric ADMs to determine safety profiles and cost-effectiveness.

Methods

A single surgeon's longitudinal experience with 2-stage, immediate tissue expander breast reconstruction from 2018 to 2023 was analyzed. Patients with AlloDerm and Cortiva (human ADM) were compared with those receiving Ovitex, and 90-day complications were analyzed by chi-squared and analysis of variance. Costs of each mesh were tabulated based on available market data.

Results

Patient demographics were comparable. Of 127 patients, 85 received ovine ECM (163 breasts) and 42 received cadaveric ADM (81 breasts). No significant difference between the groups for complications requiring return to the operating room (12.7% ovine vs 14.8% human (P = 0.31) or minor complications (9.8% ovine vs 7.4% human, P = 0.34). There was no difference between reconstructive success and failure between the 2 groups (P = 0.066). The cost of Ovitex was 24%–38% cheaper than Cortiva and AlloDerm, respectively.

Conclusions

In this longitudinal, single-surgeon study of 2 different types of meshes in 2-stage expander implant breast reconstruction, we found ovine multilaminated reinforced extracellular matrix (Ovitex) was comparable in outcomes with human acellular dermal matrices (AlloDerm and Cortiva). Ovine mesh was considerably cheaper. Multiple factors determine which mesh should be chosen for implant breast reconstruction. This study supports the use of Ovitex as a cost-effective substitute for human acellular dermal matrices in implant breast reconstruction.
The Role of Coronoidectomy in Complex Mandibular Reconstruction With Free Fibular Flap
Authors: Bangun Kristaninta , Tania Vika , Atmodiwirjo Parintosa , Ramadan Mohamad Rachadian , Rodjani Ines Hadianesti
Published: November 2024

Introduction:

Complex mandibular reconstruction is at risk of postoperative restricted mouth opening. Temporomandibular joint pseudoankylosis can cause significant disability, leading to restricted mouth opening and an inability to create a proper seal with the mouth. Treating this condition often requires aggressive surgical intervention, primarily restoring the structure and functionality of the mandible. Coronoidectomy plays a vital role in improving mouth opening capacity.

Case Presentation:

Four patients with temporomandibular joint pseudoankylosis were included in this case series. The patients reported being unable to move their remaining lower jaw, having a perpetually open mouth, and constant drooling. All patients had a history of reconstructive surgery due to tumor or malignancy and could only open the mouth less than 10 mm. They underwent coronoidectomy followed by free fibular flap reconstruction. Postoperatively, all 4 patients exhibited a movable mandible and achieved proper occlusion. The maximum mouth opening increased by 25 to 45 mm; all flaps appeared vital, sutures remained intact, and no active bleeding.

Discussion:

Coronoidectomy is crucial for enhancing the ability to open the mouth. All of the patients underwent a coronoidectomy surgery followed by free fibular flap reconstruction. Immediately after the surgery, the mandibular projection appears nearly symmetrical, the patient opens their mouth, and occlusion is achieved subjectively. From our presented cases, after coronoidectomy, all patients had movable mandibula, and mouth opening was achieved. Coronoid process resection frees the mandible from the temporalis. Coronoidectomy and separation of the temporalis muscle from the mandible have excellent clinical efficacy for improving mouth opening and movement.

Conclusion:

Coronoidectomy followed by a free fibular flap should be considered the best surgical option for patients with restricted mouth opening after complex mandibular reconstruction.
A Patient With Incomplete Motor Aphasia Due to Frontoparietal Bone Metastasis From Prostate Cancer
Authors: Wang Yuelin , Yan Xuelei , Yan Aixue
Published: November 2024

Prostate cancer has a strong tendency to metastasize to bone, and cranial metastasis to the frontoparietal bone is rare, and its clinical symptoms vary according to the location of the lesion. In this paper, the authors report a case of frontoparietal bone metastasis from prostate cancer with incomplete motor aphasia symptoms and briefly summarize the available literature.
Characteristics and Clinical Significance of Skull Defect Restoration in Young Patients: A Single-center Report and Literature Review
Authors: Zhou Jia-hua , Wang Ju-lei , Yang Di , Wu Ying-xi , Zhang Wei , Qin Huai-zhou , Wang Chao , Li Jiang
Published: November 2024

Objective:

The objective of this study is to observe cranial regeneration following cranial defects in young patients and analyze the factors influencing the regeneration process.

Methods:

In this retrospective study, a comparative and analytical assessment was conducted on the clinical data of 2 distinct cohorts: the observation group comprised patients aged ≤22 years with a regenerated cranial area ≥4 cm2 following cranial defects, while the control group consisted of individuals with cranial defects persisting for over 1 year and a regenerated cranial area measuring <4 cm2. These patients had been admitted to our department from August 2008 to October 2022. In addition, an analysis was undertaken to discern the pertinent factors influencing the process of cranial regeneration.

Results:

Among the 32 patients in the observation group, 9 patients developed complications after decompressive craniectomy (DC) (hereafter referred to as post-DC complications); all the patients in this group, except one, underwent cranioplasty. The control group consisted of 12 patients, all of whom had post-DC complications and underwent cranioplasty; among them, 4 patients with a coexisting complication of hydrocephalus also underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting. Cranial regeneration was observed in all 23 patients who did not have post-DC complications and in 9 of the 21 patients with post-DC complications. The rate of cranial regeneration was lower in the group with post-DC complications than in the group without post-DC complications, and the observation time (the time from cranial defect to the completion of cranioplasty) was longer in patients in the group with post-DC complications than those in the group without post-DC complications.

Conclusion:

Cranial bone regeneration can be achieved in young patients with cranial defects if factors favorable to cranial regeneration are effectively managed. These include preserving the dura mater, periosteum, and diploe during the surgery and maintaining good physical conditions postoperatively. The distribution pattern of the regenerated bones aligns with the shape of the flap. Post-DC complications represent adverse factors that can negatively affect cranial regeneration.
Do Open Access Articles Have a Citation Advantage Over Toll Access Articles? A Comparative Analysis of Articles Published in the Journal of Craniofacial Surgery From 2019 to 2023 Based on Web of Science Data
Authors: Şahin Şamil , Durna Yusuf Muhammed , Duymaz Yaşar Kemal , Bahşi İlhan
Published: November 2024

Objective:

This study aimed to compare the citation rates of open access (OA), and toll access (TA) articles published in the Journal of Craniofacial Surgery between 2019 and 2023, and to examine whether OA articles received more citations.

Methods:

Using the Web of Science database, articles published in the Journal of Craniofacial Surgery between 2019 and 2023 were listed, excluding those with corrections or retractions. Articles were divided into 2 groups: OA and TA. The number of articles and citation counts for each group were analyzed by year. Citation rates were compared using the independent sample t test, with a p-value of <0.05 considered statistically significant.

Results:

A total of 4691 articles were analyzed, of which 7.14% were OA and 92.86% were TA. Published in 2021, 2020, and 2019, OA articles had statistically significantly higher citation counts than TA articles. OA articles were found to be funded at a higher rate than TA articles.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that OA articles received more citations over time and were more likely to be funded. Although it is not definitively clear whether the citation advantage stems from the quality of the articles or their open-access status, the citation advantage of OA articles is striking.
Development and Validation of a Simulation Model for Ureteral Stent Placement
Authors: Wood Nicole J. , Cheng Laura J. , Buller Dylan , Volkin Dmitry , O'Sullivan David M. , Tunitsky-Bitton Elena
Published: November 2024

Importance

Currently, there are no validated training models for cystoscopy with ureteral stent placement.

Objectives

The objectives of this study were to develop and validate a novel endoscopic simulation model for training in ureteral stent placement.

Study Design

A low-cost, low-fidelity training model was developed to simulate ureteral stent placement. Recruited participants were divided into 3 groups: novices (postgraduate year 3/4 gynecology residents), advanced learners (urogynecology and reconstructive pelvic surgery fellows), and experts (urology residents, urogynecology faculty, and urology faculty). Construct validity was measured using de-identified video-recorded performances on the model, which were evaluated by 2 expert reviewers using validated scales (Global Operative Assessment of Laparoscopic Skills [GOALS], Global Rating Scale [GRS]) and procedure-specific metrics.

Results

The model was created using a hollow Styrofoam sphere, plastic tubing from a retropubic sling, and a silicone pacifier. Thirty-six surgeons were assessed performing the procedure using the model with cystoscopic equipment. The experts (n = 12) performed significantly better than the advanced learners (n = 17) and novices (n = 7) in total scores (max 75, median [IQR]: 75 [75–75], 61 [56.5–68.5], 45 [43–46], respectively; P < 0.001) and within each individual scale domain. Increasing experience with ureteral stent placement had a significant correlation (P < 0.001) with better performance on the model. A minimum total passing score of 63 was established. On post simulation assessment, most participants “agreed” or “strongly agreed” that the model closely approximates the feel of ureteral stent placement.

Conclusion

This ureteral stenting simulation model is easy to construct, affordable, and reproducible. The model is valid and reliable for practicing the procedure in preparation for live surgery.
Roseovarius phycicola sp. nov. and Roseovarius rhodophyticola sp. nov., isolated from marine red algae
Authors: Lee Min Woo , Baek Ju Hye , Kim Jeong Min , Bayburt Hülya , Choi Byeong Jun , Jia Baolei , Jeon Che Ok
Published: November 2024

Two Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped bacteria, designated as strains S88T and W115T, exhibiting catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions, were isolated from marine red algae in South Korea. Strain S88T exhibited growth at 20–30 °C, pH 6.0–9.0 and 2.0–5.0% (w/v) NaCl, while strain W115T grew at 20–30 °C, pH 7.0–9.0 and 2.0–5.0% (w/v) NaCl. Strain S88T contained summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
 ω7c and/or C18 : 1
 ω6c), C16 : 0 and C16 : 0 2-OH as major fatty acids (>5%), with major polar lipids being phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and two unidentified lipids. Strain W115T contained summed feature 8 (C18 : 1
 ω7c and/or C18 : 1
 ω6c) and C16 : 0 as major fatty acids (>5%), with major polar lipids including phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified phospholipid, an unidentified aminolipid and unidentified lipids. Ubiquinone-10 was the sole respiratory quinone in both strains, and the genomic DNA G+C contents were 57.0% for strain S88T and 56.5% for strain W115T. Despite 99.86% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strains S88T and W115T shared 88.8% average nucleotide identity (ANI) and 36.8% digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) value, indicating different species. Phylogenetic and phylogenomic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genome sequences, respectively, revealed that strains S88T and W115T formed a phylogenetic lineage within the genus Roseovarius. ANI and dDDH values of both strains with other type strains were less than 73.7 and 20.3%, respectively, confirming that they represent novel species. Based on phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular characteristics, strains S88T and W115T represent two novel species of the genus Roseovarius, for which the names Roseovarius phycicola sp. nov. (S88T =KACC 23423T =JCM 36647T) and Roseovarius rhodophyticola sp. nov. (W115T =KACC 23690T =JCM 36651T) are proposed, respectively.
Vectorial dynamics underpinning current and future tick-borne virus emergence in Europe
Authors: Petit Marine J. , Johnson Nicholas , Mansfield Karen L.
Published: November 2024

Tick-borne diseases pose a growing threat to human and animal health in Europe, with tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV), vectored by Ixodes ricinus and Hyalomma marginatum, respectively, emerging as primary public health concerns. The ability of ticks to transmit pathogens to multiple hosts and maintain infections across life stages makes them highly efficient vectors. However, many aspects of tick ecology and vectorial capacity remain understudied. This review examines key factors contributing to the vectorial competence of European ticks and their associated viruses. We first explore the influence of climate change on vector and disease ecology, using TBEV and CCHFV as case studies. We then analyse the role of the tick antiviral response in shaping vector competence. By integrating these elements, this review aims to enhance our understanding of tick-borne viral diseases and support the development of public health strategies, particularly through the One Health framework, to mitigate their impact in Europe.
Matching excellence: Oxford Nanopore Technologies’ rise to parity with Pacific Biosciences in genome reconstruction of non-model bacterium with high G+C content
Authors: Soto-Serrano Axel , Li Wenwen , Panah Farhad M. , Hui Yan , Atienza Pablo , Fomenkov Alexey , Roberts Richard J. , Deptula Paulina , Krych Lukasz
Published: November 2024

The reconstruction of complete bacterial genomes is essential for microbial research, offering insights into genetic content, ontology and regulation. While Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) provides high-quality genomes, its cost remains a limitation. Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) offers long reads at a lower cost, yet its error rate raises scepticism. Recent ONT advancements, such as new Flow cells (R10.4.1), chemistry (V14) and duplex mode, improve data quality. Our study compares ONT with PacBio and Illumina, including hybrid data. We used Propionibacterium freudenreichii, a bacterium with a genome known for being difficult to reconstruct. By combining data from ONT’s Native Barcoding and a custom-developed BARSEQ method, we achieved high-quality, near-perfect genome assemblies. Our findings demonstrate, for the first time, that the combination of nanopore-only long-native with shorter PCR DNA reads (~3 kb) results in high-quality genome reconstruction, comparable to hybrid data assembly from two sequencing platforms. This endorses ONT as a cost-effective, stand-alone strategy for bacterial genome reconstruction. Additionally, we compared methylated motif detection between PacBio and ONT R10.4.1 data, showing that results comparable to PacBio are achievable using ONT, especially when utilizing the advanced Nanomotif tool.
Entomopoxvirus-like long DNA sequences in human centromeric and peri-centromeric regions
Authors: Hondo Eiichi , Mizutani Tetsuya , Shimoda Hiroshi , Iida Atsuo
Published: November 2024

Mammalian genomes harbor a range of endogenous virus-like sequences, although these sequences are typically affected by mutations and deletions, and no examples have been reported of long, conserved regions extending tens of kilobases or more. In this study, a comprehensive similarity search against the complete human T2T genome (hT2T) using high-quality viral genome data was performed. Among nearly continuous viral sequences, the longest identified was entomopoxvirus, spanning 140 kb with a similarity of over 57%. Notably, entomopoxvirus-like sequences stood out within the human genome, with a total of 2.42 Mb exhibiting similarity to human sequences. Seven entomopoxvirus species were fragmented into regions less than 37 kb each, with nearly all of these segments scattered throughout the human genome. Surprisingly, nearly all of these sequences were localized within the hsat1A regions of human centromeric and pericentromeric areas. On chromosome 3, for example, all sequences were confined within the centromere, and extensive transcription was observed across these regions. While the lack of fully sequenced genomes for other eukaryotic species limits our ability to infer the phylogenetic significance of these regions, our findings reveal remarkably long virus-like sequences within centromeric and related regions—as integral components of eukaryotic chromosomes. This discovery opens new avenues in the study of co-evolution between viruses and eukaryotes, offering intriguing insights into the genomic landscape at the core of eukaryotic biology.
Comparative Evaluation of Behavioral-Epidemic Models Using COVID-19 Data
Authors: Gozzi Nicolò , Perra Nicola , Vespignani Alessandro
Published: November 2024

Characterizing the feedback linking human behavior and the transmission of infectious diseases (i.e., behavioral changes) remains a significant challenge in computational and mathematical Epidemiology. Existing Behavioral Feedback Models often lack real-world data calibration and cross-model performance evaluation in both retrospective analysis and forecasting. In this study, we systematically compare the performance of three mechanistic behavioral models across nine geographies and two modeling tasks during the first wave of COVID-19, using various metrics. The first model, a Data-Driven Behavioral Feedback Model, incorporates behavioral changes by leveraging mobility data to capture variations in contact patterns. The second and third models are Analytical Behavioral Feedback Models, which simulate the feedback loop either through the explicit representation of different behavioral compartments within the population or by utilizing an effective non-linear force of infection. Our results do not identify a single best model overall, as performance varies based on factors such as data availability, data quality, and the choice of performance metrics. While the data-driven model incorporates substantial real-time behavioral information, the Analytical Compartmental Behavioral Feedback Model often demonstrates superior or equivalent performance in both retrospective fitting and out-of-sample forecasts. Overall, our work offers guidance for future approaches and methodologies to better integrate behavioral changes into the modeling and projection of epidemic dynamics.