bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Honeycomb wet scrubber for acidic gas control: modeling and long-term test results
Authors: Le Thi-Cuc , Hong Gung-Hwa , Lin Guan-Yu , Li Ziyi , Pui David Y. H. , Liou Yi-Ling , Wang Bing-Tsai , Tsai Chuen-Jinn
Published: June 2021

A laboratory scale, 1.0 CMM (m3 min− 1) wet scrubber packed with water-absorbing honeycomb material (HWS) with a very large geometric surface area of 480 m2 m− 3 and a low pressure drop developed in our previous study was shown to achieve a very high removal efficiency for acidic gases but there were no long-term test data. In this study, the HWS scaled up to operate at a 100 CMM flow rate was tested for removing mixed acidic gases at a semiconductor fab for a very long period of 3.5 yr. Results showed that the removal efficiency for the mixed gases emitted from the fab always maintained as high as > 95% for HF, CH3COOH, HCl, HNO3, HNO2, and H2SO4 with the inlet concentrations ranging from supper-ppmv to sub-ppmv, during a 3.5-yr period. With water jet cleaning of the honeycomb modules once per year, the pressure drop of the HWS remained to be low at 0.5–0.8 cm H2O, indicating minimal scaling in the HWS. Additionally, the predicted height and removal efficiencies of the HWS were very close to the experimental data. The excellent long-term performance of the HWS warrants its potential applications in many areas in which liquid absorption is the preferred treatment method and the theoretical equations can facilitate the design of the HWS.
Right Moments
Authors: Samnotra Manu
Published: June 2021

This essay uses the political writings of Hannah Arendt to explore the virtue of courage. Courage is regarded as a risk taken in the pursuit or defense of some normative end. But what does political courage look like when, as an outgrowth of neoliberal optimism, our sense of the present and the risks it poses to our cherished normative aims is itself dilated? The answer that this essay proposes is that we must think of courage in its relationship to kairos (timeliness). Using Arendt's writings on the pariah tradition, this essay suggests three vectors of timely courage. These are keeping pace with political events as they unfold; withdrawing from political life to care concretely for others; and finally, developing a sensibility for the new through artistic creations that give insights into our shared future.
An anthropomorphic maxillofacial phantom using 3-dimensional printing, polyurethane rubber and epoxy resin for dental imaging and dosimetry
Authors: Badiuk Sawyer Rhae , Sasaki David K , Rickey Daniel W
Published: June 2021

Objective:

The aim of this study was to construct an anthropomorphic maxillofacial phantom for dental imaging and dosimetry purposes using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology and materials that simulate the radiographic properties of tissues.

Methods:

Stereolithography photoreactive resins, polyurethane rubber and epoxy resin were modified by adding calcium carbonate and strontium carbonate powders or glass bubbles. These additives were used to change the materials’ CT numbers to mimic various body tissues. A maxillofacial phantom was designed using CT images of a head.

Results:

Commercial 3D printing resins were found to have CT numbers near 120 HU and were used to print intervertebral discs and an external skin for the maxillofacial phantom. By adding various amounts of calcium carbonate and strontium carbonate powders the CT number of the resin was raised to 1000 & 1500 HU and used to print bone mimics. Epoxy resin modified by adding glass bubbles was used in assembly and as a cartilaginous mimic. Glass bubbles were added to polyurethane rubber to reduce the CT number to simulate soft tissue and filled spaces between the printed anatomy and external skin of the phantom.

Conclusion:

The maxillofacial phantom designed for dental imaging and dosimetry constructed using 3D printing, polyurethane rubbers and epoxy resins represented a patient anatomically and radiographically. The results of the designed phantom, materials and assembly process can be applied to generate different phantoms that better represent diverse patient types and accommodate different ion chambers.
Clinical trials for treatment or prevention of COVID-19. A review of Clinicaltrials.gov.
Authors: Fors Martha , González Paloma
Published: June 2021

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly progressed into the worst pandemic in recent years. There are currently no approved therapies to treat the disease. Several clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate therapeutic approaches.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to examine the main characteristics of COVID-19-related clinical interventional trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov  from January to March 27th, 2020. .

Results: We included 519 trials, 57.6% were phase II or III, open-label and randomized trials. Disease treatment was evaluated in 75.5% of trials, while prevention was evaluated in 12.1%. A total of 243 trials were listed as recruiting, and 42.4% were not yet recruiting. Approximately 20% of the analyzed trials are investigating antimalarial agents, while 10.2% are studying the use of convalescent plasma to treat the disease. Antiretrovirals, monoclonal antibodies, the use of stem cells, nitric oxide gases and vaccines are the most commonly evaluated therapies. As of the publication of this review, none of the clinical trials had uploaded results.

Conclusions: ClinicalTrials.gov is an important database that contains ongoing research trials on COVID-19This study quantifies the outcomes of COVID-19-related clinical trials.  More than 500 studies have been  analyzed finding that most of these studies are interventional clinical trials  Phase II or III evaluating drugs or biological agents for the prevention or treating COVID-19.
High flow nasal oxygen for acute type two respiratory failure: a systematic review
Authors: Alnajada Asem Abdulaziz , Blackwood Bronagh , Mobrad Abdulmajeed , Akhtar Adeel , Pavlov Ivan , Shyamsundar Murali
Published: June 2021

Background: Acute type two respiratory failure (AT2RF) is characterized by high carbon dioxide levels (PaCO2 >6kPa). Non-invasive ventilation (NIV), the current standard of care, has a high failure rate. High flow nasal therapy (HFNT) has potential additional benefits such as CO2 clearance, the ability to communicate and comfort. The primary aim of this systematic review is to determine whether HFNT in AT2RF improves 1) PaCO2, 2) clinical and patient-centred outcomes and 3) to assess potential harms.

Methods: We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE and CENTRAL  (January 1999-January 2021). Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies comparing HFNT with low flow nasal oxygen (LFO) or NIV were included. Two authors independently assessed studies for eligibility, data extraction and risk of bias. We used Cochrane risk of bias tool for RCTs and Ottawa-Newcastle scale for cohort studies.

Results: From 727 publications reviewed, four RCTs and one cohort study (n=425) were included. In three trials of HFNT vs NIV, comparing PaCO2 (kPa) at last follow-up time point, there was a significant reduction at four hours (1 RCT; HFNT median 6.7, IQR 5.6 – 7.7 vs NIV median 7.6, IQR 6.3 – 9.3) and no significant difference at  24-hours or five days. Comparing HFNT with LFO, there was no significant difference at 30-minutes. There was no difference in intubation or mortality.

Conclusions: This review identified a small number of studies with low to very low certainty of evidence. A reduction of PaCO2 at an early time point of four hours post-intervention was demonstrated in one small RCT. Significant limitations of the included studies were lack of adequately powered outcomes and clinically relevant time-points and small sample size. Accordingly, systematic review cannot recommend the use of HFNT as the initial management strategy for AT2RF and trials adequately powered to detect clinical and patient-relevant outcomes are urgently warranted.
Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 East Java isolate, Indonesia
Authors: Rantam Fedik Abdul , Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit , Tinduh Damayanti , Nugraha Jusak , Susilowati Helen , Wijaya Andi Yasmin , Puspaningsih Ni Nyoman Tri , Puspitasari Dwiyanti , Husada Dominicus , Kurniati Neneng Dewi , Aryati Aryati
Published: June 2021

Background: Incidents of SARS-CoV-2 in East Java increased steadily, and it became the second epicenter in Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a dire multisectoral crisis all around the world. This study investigates and characterizes local isolates from East Java, Indonesia.  

Methods: There were 54 patients suspected with SARS-COV-2 infection and 27 patients were COVID-19 positive. Virus isolates were obtained from COVID-19 inpatients’ nasopharyngeal swabs at the Dr Soetomo Teaching Hospital, Surabaya. There were only three isolates (#6, #11, #35) with good growth characteristics. Serial blind passage and cytopathic effect observation in the Vero E6 cell line were performed for virus isolation. Confirmation of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was proven by means of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reactions using SARS-CoV-2 specific primers, scanning electron microscopy, and scanning transmission electron microscopy examination. Whole genome sequencing was performed using ARTIC protocol. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 characterization was identified through a western blot using rabbit serum immunized with inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine and human natural COVID-19 infection serum.  

Results: Spike gene analysis of three samples (#6, #11, #35) found that the D614G mutation was detected in all isolates, although one isolate exhibited the D215Y and E484D mutation. Based on whole genome analysis, those three isolates were included in clade 20A, and two isolates were included in lineage B.1.6 with one isolate belongs to lineage B.1.4.7.  

Conclusion: Based on molecular characterization and immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 East Java, Indonesia showed high titer and it has mutation in some regions.
Fluoxetine pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution suggest a possible role in reducing SARS-CoV-2 titers
Authors: Eugene Andy R.
Published: June 2021

Background.  Recent in vitro studies have shown fluoxetine inhibits the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pathogen, including variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations (E484K, K417N, N501Y), and one retrospective clinical study reported fluoxetine exposure at a median dose of 20 mg in patients with the SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had a significantly lower risk of intubation and death. The aim of this study is to conduct in silico population pharmacokinetic dosing simulations to quantify the percentage of patients achieving a trough level for the effective concentration resulting in 90% inhibition (EC90) of SARS-CoV-2 as reported in Calu-3 human lung cells. 

Methods.  Population pharmacokinetic parameter estimates for a structural one-compartment model with first-order absorption were used to simulate fluoxetine pharmacokinetic data. A population of 1,000 individuals were simulated at standard fluoxetine doses (20 mg/day, 40 mg/day, and 60 mg/day) to estimate the percentage of the patients achieving a trough plasma level for the EC90 SARS-CoV-2 inhibitory concentration for a 10 day treatment period. All analyses were conducted via statistical programming in R. 

Results.  Standard fluoxetine antidepressant doses resulted in a range of 81% to 97% of the patient population achieving a trough target plasma concentration of 23.2 ng/ml at day 10 and translates to a lung-tissue distribution coefficient of 60-times higher (EC90 of 4.02 mM). At a dose of 40 mg per day, at least 87% of patients will reach the trough target EC90 concentration within three days.  

Conclusion. Overall, the findings of this population pharmacokinetic dosing study corroborates in vitro and observational clinical studies reporting the first selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluoxetine inhibits the SARS-CoV-2 pathogen at commonly treated doses in the practice of psychiatry.
Factors influencing COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Indonesia: an adoption of Technology Acceptance Model
Authors: Faturohman Taufik , Kengsiswoyo Giofella Adesta Navaky , Harapan Harapan , Zailani Suhaiza , Rahadi R. Aswin , Arief Neneng Nurlaela
Published: June 2021

Background: It is critical to understand the factors that could affect the acceptance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine in the community. The aim of this study was to determine factors that could possibly affect the acceptance of Indonesian citizens of COVID-19 vaccination.

Methods: An online survey was conducted between the first and fifth of November, 2020. Participants were asked to respond to questions on acceptance, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, perceived religiosity towards, and amount of information about COVID-19. This study used the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) as the framework to decide factors that affect vaccine acceptance. Structural Equation Model was employed to assess the correlation between all explanatory variables and vaccine acceptance. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis rank were employed to assess demographic factors associated with acceptance.

Results: In total, 311 responses were included for analysis. Our TAM model suggested that high perceived usefulness significantly increased COVID-19 vaccine acceptance and high perceived ease of use significantly increased the perceived usefulness. Perceived religiosity did not substantially affect vaccine acceptance. The amount of information on COVID-19 also did not significantly affect vaccine acceptance. Our data suggested that vaccine acceptance was associated with age, type of occupation, marital status and monthly income to some degree.

Conclusion: Since perceived usefulness affects vaccine acceptance, the government should focus on the usefulness of the vaccine when promoting the COVID-19 vaccine to Indonesian citizens. In addition, since perceived ease of use significantly affects users’ acceptance to COVID-19 vaccine, the easier to acquire the vaccine in the community, the higher chance that the citizens are willing to be vaccinated.
The balancing act: A qualitative study on remote work and childcare during the COVID-19 lockdown in South Africa
Authors: Scholtz Salome
Published: June 2021

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has impacted many employees' world by forcing some to remote work whilst also caring for children.

Methods: This study explored the remote working experiences of child caregivers in balancing work and childcare during the South African COVID-19 lockdown period (from 26 March 2020 to 31 December 2020). A qualitative descriptive design was employed to collect data through an online qualitative questionnaire with semi-structured questions. A final sample of 22 participants was included using purposive and snowball sampling.

Results: Findings indicate that employees experienced difficulty balancing work and childcare, which prompted them to use personal and organisational resources to restore work-life balance. These resources included people, spaces and time.

Conclusions: This study provides insight for employers and healthcare workers into how remote workers balanced work and childcare and can promote conversations or interventions on improving employee remote work experiences - especially in the unique South African context.
Piloting the objective measurement of eating weight and speed at a population scale: a nested study within the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children
Authors: Wade Kaitlin H. , Clifford Laura , Simpkin Andrew J. , Beynon Rhona , Birch Laura , Northstone Kate , Matthews Sarah , Davey Smith George , Hamilton-Shield Julian , Timpson Nicholas J.
Published: June 2021

Background: Effective measurement and adaption of eating behaviours (e.g., eating speed) may improve weight loss and weight over time. We assessed whether the Mandometer, a portable weighing scale connected to a computer that generates a graph of food removal rate from the plate to which it is connected, together with photo-imaging of food, might prove a less intensive and more economical approach to measuring eating behaviours at large scale.

Methods: We deployed the Mandometer in the home environment to measure main meals over three days of 95 21-year-old participants of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children. We used multi-level models to describe food weight and eating speed and, as exemplar analyses, examined the relationship of eating behaviours with body mass index (BMI), dietary composition (fat content) and genotypic variation (the FTO rs9939609 variant). Using this pilot data, we calculated the sample size required to detect differences in food weight and eating speed between groups of an exposure variable.

Results: All participants were able to use the Mandometer effectively after brief training. In exemplar analyses, evidence suggested that obese participants consumed more food than those of "normal" weight (i.e., BMI 19 to <25 kg/m 2) and that A/A FTO homozygotes (an indicator of higher weight) ate at a faster rate compared to T/T homozygotes. There was also some evidence that those with a high-fat diet consumed less food than those with a low-fat diet, but little evidence that individuals with medium- or high-fat diets ate faster.

Conclusions: We demonstrated the potential for assessing eating weight and speed in a short-term home setting and combining this with information in a research setting. This study may offer the opportunity to design interventions tailored for at-risk eating behaviours, offering advantages over the “one size fits all” approach of current failing obesity interventions.
El Futuro del Pasado. Una perspectiva crítica desde la Universidad de Salamanca
Authors: Pérez Miranda Iván
Published: June 2021

Este artículo se plantea como reflexión general, desde la perspectiva dela universidad de Salamanca, sobre los mecanismos de poder que condicionan la situación de la investigación histórica, la divulgación, la crítica y la promoción académica en España.
La «economía de guerra» romana durante la Segunda Guerra Púnica en Hispania
Authors: Hernández Prieto Enrique
Published: June 2021

En oposición a la imagen de riquezas y abundancia que buena parte delos testimonios antiguos esbozan en sus referencias a Hispania, la realidad económica con la que los romanos se encontraron a su llegada, ligada al desarrollo de la Segunda Guerra Púnica, fue muy distinta. Así, durante las primeras décadas de ocupación, junto con las posibilidades de explotación, los problemas de abastecimiento y carestías estarían muy presentes. Las medidas, en buena parte novedosas e improvisadas, con las que los comandantes romanos tuvieron que resolver las complicaciones según se les fueron presentando, constituyen la primera base de lo que será la administración provincial romana. En este trabajo trataremos sobre las informaciones que los autores clásicos proporcionan, las dificultades estimativas que los datos económicos no cuantificables presentan y los mecanismos tributarios que describen.
El perdón del gobernante en las sociedades islámicas pre-modernas: su estudio a través del Ta’rij Iftitah al-Andalus de Ibn al-Qutiyya
Authors: Herrero Soto Omayra
Published: June 2021

El perdón es un concepto con diversas implicaciones según el contextoreligioso y político. En el caso islámico, de Allah se predica constantemente que es El Clemente, ElMisericordioso (al-Rahman al-Rahim). El Corán, la Escritura de los musulmanes, deja claro que Dios castiga, pero también perdona. Así, ¿qué lugar ocupa el perdón dentro de la escala de valores de los musulmanes? Y en el caso de los gobernantes ¿es el perdón un valor moral y religioso, además de político?El perdón se convierte a menudo en un arma política, en una herramienta de negociación; será pues, esta doble vertiente la que estudiaré a lo largo de esta investigación. El análisis de las fuentes históricas premodernas árabes será uno de los materiales fundamentales de trabajo. En esta ocasión, nos centraremos en el Ta’rij Iftitah al-Andalus de Ibn al-Qutiyya, donde examinaremos los episodios de perdón que aparecen en él.
Miradas sobre la migración argentina en España: fuentes orales, periodísticas y cinematográficas
Authors: Schmidt Susana
Published: June 2021

En esta contribución se retoma el tema de nuestra investigación doctoral –las migraciones recientes de argentinos a España- para compartir algunas reflexiones de orden teórico-metodológico. Hacemos referencia a la conceptualización de los “espacios sociales transnacionales”, un enfoque que nos permite considerar la migración en su doble dimensión origen/destino y que resulta especialmente útil al momento de abordar la relación entre migración y creación de vínculos sociales y culturales dentro de ese espacio hispanoargentinoo argentino-español. Del mismo modo, la perspectiva de espacios transnacionales permite poner en diálogo a diversos grupos de actores sociales que están involucrados en el fenómeno: los propios migrantes, a cuyas trayectorias vitales nos acercamos mediante lautilización de fuentes orales; la sociedad expulsora y la sociedad receptora, cuyos imaginarios colectivos tratamos de analizar a través de fuentes periodísticas; los productores de cine, cuyos relatos de migración abordamos a través de distintas películas de ficción; y, cómo no,los historiadores y demás científicos sociales que estudian estas migraciones.
Challenges to Education Policy in Rwanda: A review into preschool education
Authors: Nadege Muhimpundu , Annonciata Akimanizanye
Published: June 2021

Although ,Rwanda has approved its Early Childhood Development (ECD) Policy and Strategic Plan in September 2011, the policy was established and implemented in different ways in early childhood education, yet preschool has a long way to go. Equally, having a focus on preschool education is the best investment that Rwanda can make to achieve other national goals such as, reducing maternal mortality, eliminating malnutrition and improving access to quality education. Empirical evidence gathered from secondary sources indicates that government has put more effort in improving quality of education. Yet on preschool level, indicators available illustrates that the results are far from expectation. The study further discusses the challenges faced by government in the design and implementation of ECD policy that have led to the ensuing situation.
The Network Analysis Profiler (NAP v2.0): a web tool for visual topological comparison between multiple networks
Authors: Koutrouli Mikaela , Theodosiou Theodosios , Iliopoulos Ioannis , Pavlopoulos Georgios A.
Published: June 2021

In this article we present the Network Analysis Profiler (NAP v2.0), a web tool to directly compare the topological features of multiple networks simultaneously. NAP is written in R and Shiny and currently offers both 2D and 3D network visualisation, as well as simultaneous visual comparisons of node- and edge-based topological features as bar charts or scatterplot matrix. NAP is fully interactive, and users can easily export and visualise the intersection between any pair of networks using Venn diagrams or a 2D and a 3D multi-layer graph-based visualisation. NAP supports weighted, unweighted, directed, undirected and bipartite graphs.
Zivilgesellschaft im Corona-Abseits?
Authors: Zimmer Annette , Priller Eckhard
Published: June 2021

Zielsetzung des Beitrags ist zum einen, ein erstes und vorläufige Resümee der Auswirkungen der Pandemie auf die Zivilgesellschaft in Deutschland zu ziehen, und ferner zu hinterfragen, ob und inwiefern die Zivilgesellschaft und ihre Organisationen in die Strategieentwicklung zur Bekämpfung der Pandemie sowie in die Umsetzung der entsprechenden Programme eingebunden wurde. Während die Folgen der Pandemie sich zunehmend abzeichnen und sehr unterschiedlich je nach Arbeitsbereich der zivilgesellschaftlichen Organisationen ausfallen, kommen die Autor*innen hinsichtlich der Programmgestaltung und insbesondere der Einbindung der Zivilgesellschaft in die Pandemiebekämpfung zu einer eher skeptischen Bilanz.
Scrittura e atti di scrittura: riflessioni su alcune novità editoriali
Authors: Marazzi Massimiliano
Published: June 2021

La nuova pubblicazione in Italia del libro di S. Ferrara, La grande invenzione. Storia del mondo in nove scritture diverse (Milano 2019), rappresenta uno dei piu recenti tentativi di affrontare il complesso fenomeno della nascita e dello sviluppo di sistemi scrittori nella storia secondo schemi innovativi. Con questo contributo l’Autore intende, partendo da un’analisi critica dell’opera in oggetto, aprire un dibattito sui modi e le prospettive di approccio al fenomeno scrittorio, puntualizzando, allo stesso tempo, i risultati raggiunti nell’ambito di una serie di ambiti della ricerca sui sistemi scrittorî piú conosciuti.
On analysis of thermodynamic properties of cuboctahedral bi-metallic structure
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Kamran , Chu Yu-Ming , Nasir Muhammad , Cancan Murat
Published: June 2021

Porous materials, for example, metalnatural structures (MOFs) and their discrete partners metalnatural polyhedra (MOPs), that are built from coordinatively unsaturated inorganic hubs show incredible potential for application in gas adsorption/partition cycles, catalysis, and arising openings in hardware, optics, detecting, and biotechnology. A well-known hetero-bimetallic metalorganic polyhedra of this discrete partners metalnatural polyhedra (MOPs) class is cuboctahedral bi-metallic stricture. In this paper, we discuss the stricture of Hetero-bimetallic metalorganic polyhedra (cuboctahedral bi-metallic). Also, we computed the topological indices based on the degree of atoms in this cuboctahedral bi-metallic structure.
Nemzetközi hallgatói mobilitás a magyar felsőoktatásban
Authors:   Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Természettudományi Kar, Földrajzi és Földtudományi Intézet, M. Császár Zsuzsa , Teperics Károly ,   Debreceni Egyetem, Földtudományi Intézet, Köves Kitti ,   Pécsi Tudományegyetem, Természettudományi Kar, Földtudományok Doktori Iskola
Published: June 2021

The study aims to review the processes of international student mobility towards Hungary, with particular attention to the time-series analysis of the number of international students studying in Hungary, the trends emerging from the data and the changes regarding the sending countries as well as their hypothetical causes in the period between 2001 and 2019. The study is based on the latest available statistical data for 2019/2020, which we used to analyse the distribution of international students by research field, level of training and the geographical distribution of the host universities in Hungary. Following the international trends, a significant increase can also be observed within Hungary, in the number of students coming from the East, more exactly from Asian countries including China, Iran, and Turkey. Many students from the neighbouring countries also choose Hungary as their place of study for historical and ethnic reasons. International students studying in Hungary participate in a remarkably high proportion (approximately 30%) in medical and healthcare degree programs. However, with the diversification of programs available in foreign languages the comprehensive universities in the countryside have come to the foreground and now they host the largest number of international students.
Physical Activity and Perceived Barriers among Type2 Diabetic Patients in Erbil City
Authors:   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq., Ahmed Rezhna , Hussain Ronak ,   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives: Physical activity is necessary for providing a healthy lifestyle, improving quality of life, controlling diabetes mellitus and promoting glycemic control. The aim of the study was to assess physical activity and to determine barriers to physical activity among type 2 diabetic patients in Erbil city. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 400 type 2 diabetic patients, attending Layla Qasim Center in Erbil City during May 27 to 30 August 2019. Data was col-lected using an interview based questionnaire to obtain socio-demographic data, clinical characteristics, Physical activity assessed using Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ) and standardized questionnaire developed by the Centers of Diseases Control and Prevention for determining barriers of physical activity. Data were analyzed using descrip-tive statistical approach. Results: Participant were 400 patients with mean age of 57.0 + 9.4 years, 64.3% of the sample were females. (72.3%) of the sample were illiterate, 77.5% were either unem-ployed or housewives. 83.8% of the sample were married, 80.25% of samples had first degree relative positive family of diabetes. 56.5% of samples take oral hypoglycemic me-diactons.39.2% of samples were overweight and 83.7% of samples had poor glycemic con-trol.57.8% of participants didn’t meet recommendations (< 600 minutes per week) of physical activity. The main barriers that keeps patients from being active were lack of en-ergy (54.8%), lack of willpower (53%), and lack of skill (49.3%). Conclusions: According to the finding of the study type 2 diabetic patients had insuffi-cient physical activity to meet the recommended level necessary to achieve optimal gly-caemic control, prevent or decrease diabetic complications. Interventions should include guiding individuals to evolving recreational physical activity and overwhelming barriers to physical activity.
Prevalence of Cancer-related Fatigue among Women with Breast Cancer in Erbil City
Authors:   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq., Radha Shinwy , Younis Yousif ,   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.
Published: June 2021

Background and objective: Cancer-related fatigue is greatest frequent upsetting sense of tiredness or exhaustion can happen regardless of cancer type and could be experienced physically or emotionally, and or cognitively, that is associated with the tumor or its treat-ment. The current study aimed at assessing prevalence of cancer related fatigue among women with breast cancer. Method: A descriptive cross- sectional study design was conducted from 8th of October 2018 to 8th October 2019. To find out the prevalence of cancer-related fatigue among fe-male breast cancer patients at Nankali Hospital in Erbil city. A sample of 60 breast cancer patient was obtained through non-probability purposive convenience sampling tech-niques. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23 for windows. Results: The results showed that the highest percentage of participants (45%) were from age group between 39-54, most of them were from urban area, graduated from primary school, married, however; 53.3% of breast cancer women they had family history of breast cancer. Regarding breast cancer stages, 40% of participants were in third stage. Most of the breast cancer patients were receiving chemotherapy treatment and they had surgery (81.7% and 71.7% respectively). Concerning cancer related fatigue 75% of participants suffered from fatigue, nonetheless; fatigue severity among participants range from severe 53.3% to moderate 48.3%. Also, physical fatigue was a common type of fatigue among women with breast cancer. Conclusion: One of the most common complains symptom of patient with cancer is fa-tigue. Cancer related fatigue impact physical, emotional, cognitive domains of patients’. Moreover, cancer-related fatigue has undesirable effect on patients, mood, daily task per-formance, and the patient’s life.
The Consequence of Teenage Pregnancy on the Primigravida Health Outcome Delivers at Sulaymaniyah Maternity Teaching Hospital-Kurdistan Region-Iraq
Authors:   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq, Abdullah Kochar , Azize Pary ,   Department of Nursing, Sulaimani Technical Institute Sulaimani Polytechnic University Sulaimani, Iraq.
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives: Teenage first pregnancy is a significant public health problem as it often occurs in the context of poor social support and maternal wellbeing. It is consid-ered high risk for both the mother and infant. This study aimed to find out the effect of teenage pregnancy on neonatal health outcomes. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted in Sulaymaniyah in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq and involved all pregnant teenage mothers admitted to Sulaymaniyah Maternity Teaching Hospital from January 1, 2019, to June 30, 2019. Results: 332 of mothers aged ≤19 years and their newborns were studied. A higher pro-portion of teenage mothers were from rural areas than the urban areas (59.3% vs 40.7%). The percentage of teenage mothers who did not attend antenatal care was 11.14%, and irregular attendees represented 9.94 %. Compared with teenage mothers aged 14–16 years, teenage mothers aged 17–19 years had higher risks of anaemia, systemic infections, coincidental condition, low birth weight, preterm delivery and low Apgar score. The risk of aspiration of meconium and stillbirth among infants born to teenage mothers was statisti-cally not significant after adjustment for gestational age and birth weight, in addition to maternal characteristics and mode of delivery. Teenage pregnancy was associated with higher risks of adverse pregnancy outcomes. Conclusion: Prevention strategies and the improvement of healthcare are essential to re-duce the consequences of teenage pregnancy on maternal and neonatal health outcomes. Teenage women were less likely to receive antenatal care services. Use of community- and health facility-based education programs are necessary to prevent teenage pregnancy and thus reduce adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Nurses’ Self-report on the Infection Control Unit Activities and their Experience in the Hospital toward Nosocomial Infections in the Sulaimani Hospitals
Authors:   Department of Community Health, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic Uni-versity, Sulaimani, Iraq., Haji Ramand , Abdilkarim Dana ,   Department of Medical Laboratory, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq, Ali Salar ,   Department of Community Health, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq., Mohammad Srwa ,   Department of Community Health, Technical College of Health, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaimani, Iraq.
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives: Nurses can prevent the occurrence and transmission of noso-comial infections by following infection control measures such as wearing gloves and masks, using appropriate disinfection of skin and preventing accidental needle-stick inju-ries. This research aimed to evaluate the availability of hospital uniforms, personal protec-tive equipment, and infection control activities at hospitals in Sulaimani in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq, and to examine nurses’ experience of nosocomial infections. Methods and materials: A cross-sectional study was performed at 10 governmental hospi-tals during the period from 20th February to 28th September 2018. 525 nurses were se-lected as participants by a convenience sampling method. A self-administrated question-naire was used to collect data, which were analysed using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that 268 nurses (51%) reported that their hospitals provided sufficient uniforms to all the medical staff and the majority of nurses, 444 respondents (84.6%) stated that they were responsible for cleaning their working uniforms. 441 nurses reported that they did not acquire a nosocomial infection, and 479 (91.2%) did not have an accident during their work in the hospital. 79.9% of the nurses (404) reported recapping syringe needles after the usage, and 98 (18.7%) gave a low rating to the infection control unit activity in their hospitals. Finally, more than half of nurses (330) representing 62.9% of the sample were vaccinated against nosocomial infections. Conclusions: Most of Sulaimani governmental hospitals are providing sufficient uniforms for the health staff, the majority of nurses were vaccinated against one or more nosocomi-al infections, and the majority of nurses do needle syringe recapping.
Knowledge of Shaken Baby Syndrome among Hospital Nurses in Erbil City
Authors:   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq., Shaker Norhan , Muhammad Madiha ,   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq., Aziz Gulala ,   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives: Shaken baby syndrome and pediatric abuse head trauma are the most common causes of mortality and morbidity due to physical child abuse. Nurses have a main role in parents’ education regarding child abuse prevention. This study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge regarding shaken baby syndrome in Erbil City. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted at postpartum units, the delivery room and the ward at the Maternity Teaching Hospital, and the inpatient and intensive care units at Rapareen Pediatric Teaching Hospital in 2017 in Erbil City. A purposive sample of 50 nurses was recruited to the study. The data collection was performed using a questionnaire for interviewing the study participants, and the data were analyzed using descriptive and in-ferential statistical analysis. Results: The study findings revealed that the majority of the study participants were 19-25 years old and most did not have enough knowledge regarding the signs and symptoms of the shaken baby syndrome (irritability, lethargy, poor feeding breathing problems, uncon-trollable crying, vomiting, bluish skin, changes in sleeping pattern, convulsions or seizures and unresponsiveness). Nurses also had insufficient knowledge about the risk factors of this condition. Only a quarter of nurses knew that domestic violence is a risk factor and less than a quarter of them recognized depression and substance abuse of the caregiver as a risk factor. Regarding knowledge of the complications, the study found that a quarter of nurses knew that brain damage, cerebral palsy and blindness are complications of the shaken baby syndrome. Conclusions: Majority of nurses had poor knowledge about causes, signs, symptoms, risk factors and complications of the shaken baby syndrome.
Midwives’ Views and Perceptions of Patient Dignity in Midwifery Services
Authors:   Department of Midwifery, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq., Piro Tiran
Published: June 2021

Background and objective: Human dignity which is defined as respect to human individu-ality is a highly recommended necessity to be taken into account in medical settings to de-liver high-quality services and raise the patients’ satisfaction. Due to a lack of well-defined provisions and instructions in midwifery practice in the Kurdistan region of Iraq, human dignity is threatened in this field. The present study was an attempt to figure out the meaning of patient dignity, what threatens patients’ dignity, and how to promote patients dignity in midwifery settings in maternity departments and clinics in Erbil, in the Kurdistan region-Iraq. Method: The present qualitative study was conducted on 10 Kurdish registered midwives who were working delivery room of Maternity Teaching Hospital and Dyke Private Hospital located in Erbil, Iraqi Kurdistan. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with the midwives to collect required data. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed verbatim and analyzed using the six methodological activities proposed by Van Manen, and the themes and subthemes were extracted. Results: Analyzing the transcribed interviews resulted in emergence of one main theme, namely “need for holistic support” which had subthemes, namely “need for medical sup-port”, “need for mental support”, and “need for sympathetic support”. Conclusion: Human dignity of pregnant and childbearing mothers in maternity depart-ments and clinics is relatively low due to lack of sufficient equipment and facilities and in-sufficient number of midwives and maternity staff. Therefore, appropriate measures need to be taken in these regards.
Indications of Labor Induction at Delivery Room of Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City
Authors:   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq., Noori Bewar , Saeed Awaz ,   Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.
Published: June 2021

Background and objectives: Induction of labour means stimulation of contractions before the birth starts spontaneously, with or without ruptured membranes. The most common indications include oligohydramnios, pre-labour rupture of the membranes, high blood pressure during pregnancy, severe fetal growth restriction, post-term pregnancy, and var-ious maternal medical conditions such as chronic hypertension and diabetes. The aim of the study was to find out the different indications of labour and associated obstetrical factors in a local tertiary hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 120 parturient women who attended a delivery room in the Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City from the period of 2nd June to 2nd October 2020. After reviewing the literature, a questionnaire was pre-pared to obtain socio-demographic data, data related to reproductive characteristic and data related to the indications for labour induction. The data were analyzed using descrip-tive and inferential statistical approaches. Results: The study included 120 patients with the highest percentage of the patients (49.1%) were 16 to 23 years old and more than half of the sample (51.6%) had a post-term pregnancy, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia (15%). There were highly significant statistical differences between parity, gestational age and indication of labour induction, and significant differences between gravidity and antenatal care visits and indi-cations for labour induction. Conclusions: The majority of the sample had a post-term pregnancy of 40 and 42 weeks as an indication for induction of labour followed by gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia, oligohydramnios and pre-labour rupture of membrane. There was a statistical-ly significant difference between the antenatal care visit and parity with the induction of labour.
Personalna subrogacija u odnosu prema pravu regresa osiguratelja i ustupanju tražbine – cesiji
Authors: Nižić-Peroš Jadranka
Published: June 2021

Predmet ovoga rada je pregled zakonskog uređenja i sudske prakse u pogledu personalne subrogacije, regresne obveze i regresnog potraživanja osiguratelja na isplatu naknade iz osiguranja kao i utvrđivanje visine isplate regresnog potraživanja u parničnom postupku pred sudom te ustupanje tražbine – cesija. U radu se polazi od stajališta da su pojmovi i instituti subrogacija, regres i cesija vrlo slični te da često dolazi do njihova poistovjećivanja pa se pokušava jasno razlučiti na što se točno koji pojam odnosi. U hrvatskom pravu pod pravom subrogacija osiguratelja najčešće se podrazumijeva zakonska personalna subrogacija gdje isplatom naknade iz osiguranja osiguratelj stupa u pravni položaj svojega osiguranika odakle i izvodi svoje pravo potraživanja prema osobi odgovornoj za štetu. Uz navedeno, u radu se razmatra i zastara prava regresa osiguratelja. Nadalje, autor polazi od stajališta da je u sudskom postupku pokrenutom radi regresne isplate nužno da sudski vještak jasno odredi parametre na temelju kojih će sud moći ocijeniti u određenom postotku eventualni doprinos oštećenika za nastalu štetu te s obzirom na to umanjiti regresnu obvezu osiguranika, tuženika u tome postupku prema tužitelju, osiguratelju.
Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of substituted pyrochlore oxide nanoparticles synthesized by the co-precipitation method
Authors: Khanvilkar M.B. , Nikumbh A.K. , Patange S.M. , Pawar R.A. , Karale N.J. , Nighot D.V. , Nagwade P.A. , Sangale M.D. , Gugale G.S.
Published: June 2021

Five substituted pyrochlore nanooxides such as Nd1.9Ho0.1Zr1.8Ce0.2O7, La1.95Ce0.05Zr0.29Ce1.71O7, Y1.79Pr0.21Ru1.99Pr0.01O7, Dy1.9Yb0.1Mn1.93Cu0.07O7 and Dy1.99Sr0.01Sn2O7 were synthesized by coprecipitation method. These precursors were monitored by thermal studies (TGA-DTA). The prepared nanosized substituted pyrochlore oxides were characterized by EDS, XRD, SEM, TEM, d. c. electrical conductivity, Thermoelectric power, Hall effect measurement, dielectric properties and magnetization measurements. XRD confirmed the formation of a single phase crystalline substituted pyrochlores with a cubic nature of nanoparticles. All substituted compounds were adopted a stable pyrochlore structure with rA3+/rB4+ = 1.395 except La1.95Ce0.05Zr0.29Ce1.71O7 compound, which has rA3+/rB4+ = 1.175 indicate disorder pyrochlore structure (i.e. fluorite structure). The temperature dependence of d. c. electrical conductivity for all substituted pyrochlores exhibits two distinct slopes with a break. This discontinuity can be attributed to extrinsic to intrinsic semiconducting properties. The thermoelectric power and Hall effect measurements for all compounds were confirmed the p-type semiconductivity except Y1.79Pr0.21Ru1.99Pr0.01O7 compound and which showed n-type semiconductivity. The dielectric constant (ε’) and dielectric loss (tan δ) i. e dissipation factor decreases with an increase in frequencies and reaching constant at particular frequencies. The applied field dependence of magnetization curve at room temperature (300 K) for Nd1.9Ho0.1Zr1.8Ce0.2O7, Y1.79Pr0.21Ru1.99Pr0.01O7 and  Dy1.9Yb0.1Mn1.93Cu0.07O7, showed hysteresis loop with a small kink around the origin and which can be attributed to small but definite ferromagnetic ordering along with significant paramagnetic and superparamagnetic components. The magnetization at 2K showed a clear hysteresis loop for Dy1.9Yb0.1Mn1.93Cu0.07O7 and Dy1.99Sr0.01Sn2O7 pyrochlores are soft (weak) ferromagnets.
Culture et altérité à travers de la littérature
Authors: Boza Araya Virginia
Published: June 2021

La literatura de expresión francesa constituye una herramienta pedagógica muy útil en clase FLE. Extractos de novelas magrebís de Tahar Ben Jelloun y africanas (senegalesas y camerunesas), han permitido obtener excelentes proporcionan notables resultados por sus características y por la oralidad. La literatura contribuye al enriquecimiento lexical y al estudio de la alteridad cultural. El análisis de la estructura narrativa muestra la estructura mental de los pueblos, así como una comprensión de sus reacciones y de su identidad.La littérature francophone constitue un outil pédagogique très utile en classe FLE. Des extraits de  romans maghrébins de Tahar Ben Jelloun et africains (sénégalais et camerounais) se révelent très performants de par leurs caractéristiques propres et I'oralité. Elle contribue également a l'enrichissement du vocabulaire et a l'étude de l'altérité cuIturelle. L'analyse de la structure narrative permet de découvrir autant la structure mentale des peuples que de mieux comprendre leurs réactions et leur identité.
Una nueva pedagogía dentro del paradigma humanístico para la enseñanza de una segunda lengua
Authors: Chaves Carballo Olga
Published: June 2021

Se propone una nueva pedagogía para la construcción de conocimiento dentro del nuevo paradigma humanístico. Esta pedagogía procura formar a una persona capaz de autocrearse y construir conocimiento que le permita desarrollar sus habilidades lingüísticas. Para poner en práctica esta nueva pedagogía, el mediador debe facilitar el proceso de autoorganización del conocimiento y propiciar el diálogo por medio de experiencias de aprendizaje amenas y gozosas.A new pedagogy is proposed for the construction of knowledge within a humanistic paradigm. The intention of this pedagogy is to form an individual capable of self-creation and constructing knowledge that allows him/her to develop linguistic skilis. To implement this new pedagogy, the mediator must facilitate the process of the self-organization of knowledge and provide for dialogue through enjoyable and entertaining learning experiences.