bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Candidate genes and gene markers for the resistance to porcine pleuropneumonia
Authors: Nietfeld Florian , Höltig Doris , Willems Hermann , Valentin-Weigand Peter , Wurmser Christine , Waldmann Karl-Heinz , Fries Ruedi , Reiner Gerald
Published: January 2020

Actinobacillus(A.)pleuropneumoniaeis one of the most important respiratory pathogens in global pig production. Antimicrobial treatment and vaccination provide only limited protection, but genetic disease resistance is a very promising alternative for sustainable prophylaxis. Previous studies have discovered multiple QTL that may explain up to 30% of phenotypic variance. Based on these findings, the aim of the present study was to use genomic sequencing to identify genetic markers for resistance to pleuropneumonia in a segregating commercial German Landrace line. 163 pigs were infected withA. pleuropneumoniaeSerotype 7 through a standardized aerosol infection method. Phenotypes were accurately defined on a clinical, pathological and microbiological basis. The 58 pigs with the most extreme phenotypes were genotyped by sequencing (next-generation sequencing). SNPs were used in a genome-wide association study. The study identified genome-wide associated SNPs on three chromosomes, two of which were chromosomes of QTL which had been mapped in a recent experiment. Each variant explained up to 20% of the total phenotypic variance. Combined, the three variants explained 52.8% of the variance. The SNPs are located in genes involved in the pathomechanism of pleuropneumonia. This study confirms the genetic background for the host’s resistance to pleuropneumonia and indicates a potential role of three candidates on SSC2, SSC12 and SSC15. Favorable gene variants are segregating in commercial populations. Further work is needed to verify the results in a controlled study and to identify the functional QTN.
Walking Through Waypoints
Authors: Akhoondian Amiri Saeed , Foerster Klaus-Tycho , Schmid Stefan
Published: January 2020

We initiate the study of a fundamental combinatorial problem: Given a capacitated graph $$G=(V,E)$$G=(V,E), find a shortest walk (“route”) from a source $${s\in V}$$s∈V to a destination $$t\in V$$t∈V that includes all vertices specified by a set $$WP \subseteq V$$WP⊆V: the waypoints. This Waypoint Routing Problem finds immediate applications in the context of modern networked systems. Our main contribution is an exact polynomial-time algorithm for graphs of bounded treewidth. We also show that if the number of waypoints is logarithmically bounded, exact polynomial-time algorithms exist even for general graphs. Our two algorithms provide an almost complete characterization of what can be solved exactly in polynomial time: we show that more general problems (e.g., on grid graphs of maximum degree 3, with slightly more waypoints) are computationally intractable.
Numerical study of effects of mountains and lakes on a squall line in northern Jiangsu Province
Authors: Li Bin , Wu Liguang
Published: January 2020

Observational studies indicate that northern Jiangsu Province is the most active area for the occurrence of squall lines in east China. While the roles of the large-scale atmospheric environment have been investigated, the effects of the terrain and lakes on the squall line in northern Jiangsu Province have not been well understood. In this study, the squall line occurring on 14 June 2009 is simulated to investigate the influences of the terrain and lakes. The squall line occurred under the influence of a short westerly trough at 500 hPa, one of the typical synoptic-scale patterns favorable for the development of squall lines in east China. Using the grid spacings of 3 km, 1 km and 333 m, the Weather Research and Forecast model (WRF) reasonably well simulates the evolution of the squall line and the extreme rainfall. Sensitivity experiments are conducted to examine the effects of Mountain Meng, Hongze Lake and Gaoyou Lake. It is found that the valley wind associated with Mountain Meng plays an important role in the early development of the squall line by enhancing the vertical wind shear at the low levels. The presence of the lakes leads to a relatively cold area, resulting in a temperature gradient toward the southeast at the low levels. The horizontal temperature gradient enhances the low-level vertical wind shear and promotes the development of the squall line.
A general framework for classifying costing methods for economic evaluation of health care
Authors: Špacírová Zuzana , Epstein David , García-Mochón Leticia , Rovira Joan , Olry de Labry Lima Antonio , Espín Jaime
Published: January 2020

According to the most traditional economic evaluation manuals, all “relevant” costs should be included in the economic analysis, taking into account factors such as the patient population, setting, location, year, perspective and time horizon. However, cost information may be designed for other purposes. Health care organisations may lack sophisticated accounting systems and consequently, health economists may be unfamiliar with cost accounting terminology, which may lead to discrepancy in terms used in the economic evaluation literature and management accountancy. This paper identifies new tendencies in costing methodologies in health care and critically comments on each included article. For better clarification of terminology, a pragmatic glossary of terms is proposed. A scoping review of English and Spanish language literature (2005–2018) was conducted to identify new tendencies in costing methodologies in health care. The databases PubMed, Scopus and EconLit were searched. A total of 21 studies were included yielding 43 costing analysis. The most common analysis was top-down micro-costing (49%), followed by top-down gross-costing (37%) and bottom-up micro-costing (14%). Resource data were collected prospectively in 12 top-down studies (32%). Hospital database was the most common way of collection of resource data (44%) in top-down gross-costing studies. In top-down micro-costing studies, the most resource use data collection was the combination of several methods (38%). In general, substantial inconsistencies in the costing methods were found. The convergence of top-down and bottom-up methods may be an important topic in the next decades.
Experience Versus Report: Where Are Changes Seen After Exposure-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy? A Randomized Controlled Group Treatment of Childhood Social Anxiety Disorder
Authors: Asbrand Julia , Heinrichs Nina , Schmidtendorf Steffen , Nitschke Kai , Tuschen-Caffier Brunna
Published: January 2020

A considerable number of children and adolescents with social anxiety disorder (SAD) do not benefit from treatment as much as expected. However, treatment success should not be measured with social anxiety reports alone; the cognitive, behavioral, and physiological components of social stress should also be assessed. The authors examined an exposure-based SAD-specific group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) in a randomized controlled trial (N = 67, age 9–13 years, blind randomized allocation to treatment [CBT; n = 31] and waitlist control [WLC; n = 36] groups). Success was operationalized as a clinically significant reduction of symptoms measured with SAD-specific questionnaires, structured interviews, and changes in response to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST). In the CBT group, there was a trend toward a significant increase in positive cognitions in the TSST after treatment (d = 0.37), whereas these positive cognitions decreased in the WLC group (d = 0.40). No significant results involving group appeared for negative cognitions, behavior and physiology. Children in the CBT group, but not parents, further reported less social anxiety in one questionnaire from pre- to post-treatment (d = 0.89). A structured interview confirmed a decrease in severity of SAD in the CBT group. While the gold standard of a blind interview showed efficacy of treatment, not all trait and state measures demonstrated similar success patterns.

Trial registration Eligibility criteria and some of the dependent variables (cognitions, physiology) for treatment success were registered with the German Research Foundation (TU 78/5-2, HE 3342/4-2) prior to recruitment. Clinical assessment of diagnosis and behavioral data were not a priori planned as outcome measures for this trial and therefore analyzed in a post-hoc approach.
Impact of decompressive laminectomy on the functional outcome of patients with metastatic spinal cord compression and neurological impairment
Authors: Younsi Alexander , Riemann Lennart , Scherer Moritz , Unterberg Andreas , Zweckberger Klaus
Published: January 2020

Metastatic spinal cord compression (MSCC) is a frequent phenomenon in advanced tumor diseases with often severe neurological impairments. Affected patients are often treated by decompressive laminectomy. To assess the impact of this procedure on Karnofsky Performance Index (KPI) and Frankel Grade (FG) at discharge, a single center retrospective cohort study of neurologically impaired MSCC-patients treated with decompressive laminectomy between 2004 and 2014 was performed. 101 patients (27 female/74 male; age 66.1 ± 11.5 years) were identified. Prostate was the most common primary tumor site (40%) and progressive disease was present in 74%. At admission, 80% of patients were non-ambulatory (FG A–C). Imaging revealed prevalently thoracic MSCC (78%). Emergency surgery (< 24 h) was performed in 71% and rates of complications and revision surgery were 6% and 4%, respectively. At discharge, FG had improved in 61% of cases, and 51% of patients had regained ambulation. Univariate predictors for not regaining the ability to walk were bowl dysfunction (p = 0.0015), KPI < 50% (p = 0.048) and FG < C (p = 0.001) prior to surgery. In conclusion, decompressive laminectomy showed beneficial effects on the functional outcome at discharge. A good neurological status prior to surgery was key predictor for a good functional outcome.
2019 HRS/EHRA/APHRS/LAHRS expert consensus statement on catheter ablation of ventricular arrhythmias: Executive summary
Authors: Cronin Edmond M. , Bogun Frank M. , Maury Philippe , Peichl Petr , Chen Minglong , Namboodiri Narayanan , Aguinaga Luis , Leite Luiz Roberto , Al-Khatib Sana M. , Anter Elad , Berruezo Antonio , Callans David J. , Chung Mina K. , Cuculich Phillip , d’Avila Andre , Deal Barbara J. , Della Bella Paolo , Deneke Thomas , Dickfeld Timm-Michael , Hadid Claudio , Haqqani Haris M. , Kay G. Neal , Latchamsetty Rakesh , Marchlinski Francis , Miller John M. , Nogami Akihiko , Patel Akash R. , Pathak Rajeev Kumar , Saenz Morales Luis C. , Santangeli Pasquale , Sapp John L. , Sarkozy Andrea , Soejima Kyoko , Stevenson William G. , Tedrow Usha B. , Tzou Wendy S. , Varma Niraj , Zeppenfeld Katja
Published: January 2020

Ventricular arrhythmias are an important cause of morbidity and mortality and come in a variety of forms, from single premature ventricular complexes to sustained ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. Rapid developments have taken place over the past decade in our understanding of these arrhythmias and in our ability to diagnose and treat them. The field of catheter ablation has progressed with the development of new methods and tools, and with the publication of large clinical trials. Therefore, global cardiac electrophysiology professional societies undertook to outline recommendations and best practices for these procedures in a document that will update and replace the 2009EHRA/HRS Expert Consensus on Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias. An expert writing group, after reviewing and discussing the literature, including a systematic review and meta-analysis published in conjunction with this document, and drawing on their own experience, drafted and voted on recommendations and summarized current knowledge and practice in the field. Each recommendation is presented in knowledge byte format and is accompanied by supportive text and references. Further sections provide a practical synopsis of the various techniques and of the specific ventricular arrhythmia sites and substrates encountered in the electrophysiology lab. The purpose of this document is to help electrophysiologists around the world to appropriately select patients for catheter ablation, to perform procedures in a safe and efficacious manner, and to provide follow-up and adjunctive care in order to obtain the best possible outcomes for patients with ventricular arrhythmias.
MyBP-C: one protein to govern them all
Authors: Heling L. W. H. J. , Geeves M. A. , Kad N. M.
Published: January 2020

The heart is an extraordinarily versatile pump, finely tuned to respond to a multitude of demands. Given the heart pumps without rest for decades its efficiency is particularly relevant. Although many proteins in the heart are essential for viability, the non-essential components can attract numerous mutations which can cause disease, possibly through alterations in pumping efficiency. Of these, myosin binding protein C is strongly over-represented with ~ 40% of all known mutations in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, a complete understanding of its molecular function in the cardiac sarcomere is warranted. In this review, we revisit contemporary and classical literature to clarify both the current standing of this fast-moving field and frame future unresolved questions. To date, much effort has been directed at understanding MyBP-C function on either thick or thin filaments. Here we aim to focus questions on how MyBP-C functions at a molecular level in the context of both the thick and thin filaments together. A concept that emerges is MyBP-C acts to govern interactions on two levels; controlling myosin access to the thin filament by sequestration on the thick filament, and controlling the activation state and access of myosin to its binding sites on the thin filament. Such affects are achieved through directed interactions mediated by phosphorylation (of MyBP-C and other sarcomeric components) and calcium.
Mass-flowering crops have a greater impact than semi-natural habitat on crop pollinators and pollen deposition
Authors: Shaw Rosalind F. , Phillips Benjamin B. , Doyle Toby , Pell Judith K. , Redhead John W. , Savage Joanna , Woodcock Ben A. , Bullock James M. , Osborne Juliet L.
Published: January 2020

Context

Maximising insect pollination of mass-flowering crops is a widely-discussed approach to sustainable agriculture. Management actions can target landscape-scale semi-natural habitat, cropping patterns or field-scale features, but little is known about their relative effectiveness.

Objective

To test how landscape composition (area of mass-flowering crops and semi-natural habitat) and field-scale habitat (margins and hedges) affect pollinator species richness, abundance, and pollen deposition within crop fields.

Methods

We surveyed all flower visitors (Diptera, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera) in oilseed rape fields and related them to landscape composition and field features. Flower visitors were classified as bees, non-bee pollinators and brassica specialists. Total pollen deposition by individual taxa was estimated using single visit pollen deposition on stigmas combined with insect abundance.

Results

The area of mass-flowering crop had a negative effect on the species richness and abundance of bees in fields, but not other flower visitors. The area of semi-natural habitat in the surrounding landscape had a positive effect on bees, but was not as important as the area of mass-flowering crop. Taxonomic richness and abundance varied significantly between years for non-bee pollinators. Greater cover of mass-flowering crops surrounding fields had a negative effect on pollen deposition, but only when non-bee pollinator numbers were reduced.

Conclusions

Management choices that result in landscape homogenisation, such as large areas of mass-flowering crops, may reduce pollination services by reducing the numbers of bees visiting fields. Non-bee insect pollinators may buffer these landscape effects on pollen deposition, and management to support their populations should be considered.
“I’ll Look Into it!” Lubricants in Conversational Coproduction
Authors: Winter Katarina
Published: January 2020

This study investigates the interaction between civil servants and politicians in a planning committee in a Swedish county council. As the committees are venues for preparation of future decision-making, civil servants and others are invited to inform and report to the politicians on different topics. The aim is to explore this local interaction process based on an analysis of requests and responses. It is shown that the communication between civil servants and politicians is pervaded by sociability in the form of conversational routines. The article aims to recognize this sociability as an intrinsic part of knowledge coproduction processes. Civil servants and politicians negotiate different types of professional and common knowledge through routines that dislocate time, responsibility, roles, and protocol order. Theselubricants– important but often circumvented in studies of policy-making – are explored as instances ofconversational coproduction.
How situational activation of values evokes positive and negative feelings: Theory and experimental findings
Authors: Montgomery William , Montgomery Henry , Gärling Tommy
Published: January 2020

We propose a theory of how situational activation of values evokes positive and negative feelings. In conjunction we present a re-conceptualization of Schwartz’ et al. (J Personal Soc Psychol 103:663–688, 2012.10.1037/a029393) value set including additional values. In our new value set, we posit contrastive values having opposite values and central values having no opposite values. As a consequence, balanced access to salient opposite contrastive values and maximal access to central values evoke the strongest positive and weakest negative feelings. Study 1 shows, as hypothesized, that contrastive values form a circumplex structure with central values located inside its periphery. Study 2 supports theoretically derived hypotheses of how positive and negative feelings are evoked by different degrees of access to values, salience of opposite values, and centrality of values.
Alternative lengthening of telomeres is the major telomere maintenance mechanism in astrocytoma with isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 mutation
Authors: Ferreira Monica Sofia Ventura , Sørensen Mia Dahl , Pusch Stefan , Beier Dagmar , Bouillon Anne-Sophie , Kristensen Bjarne Winther , Brümmendorf Tim Henrik , Beier Christoph Patrick , Beier Fabian
Published: January 2020

Purpose

Isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) mutations are associated with improved survival in gliomas. Depending on the IDH1 status, TERT promoter mutations affect prognosis. IDH1 mutations are associated with alpha-thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked (ATRX) mutations and alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT), suggesting an interaction between IDH1 and telomeres. However, little is known how IDH1 mutations affect telomere maintenance.

Methods

We analyzed cell-specific telomere length (CS-TL) on a single cell level in 46 astrocytoma samples (WHO II-IV) by modified immune-quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization, using endothelial cells as internal reference. In the same samples, we determined IDH1/TERT promoter mutation status and ATRX expression. The interaction of IDH1R132H mutation and CS-TL was studied in vitro using an IDH1R132H doxycycline-inducible glioma cell line system.

Results

Virtually all ALTpositive astrocytomas had normal TERT promoter and lacked ATRX expression. Further, all ALTpositive samples had IDH1R132H mutations, resulting in a significantly longer CS-TL of IDH1R132H gliomas, when compared to their wildtype counterparts. Conversely, TERT promotor mutations were associated with IDHwildtype, ATRX expression, lack of ALT and short CS-TL. ALT, TERT promoter mutations, and CS-TL remained without prognostic significance, when correcting for IDH1 status. In vitro, overexpression of IDHR132H in the glioma cell line LN319 resulted in downregulation of ATRX and rapid TERT-independent telomere lengthening consistent with ALT.

Conclusion

ALT is the major telomere maintenance mechanism in IDHR132H mutated astrocytomas, while TERT promoter mutations were associated with IDHwildtype glioma. IDH1R132H downregulates ATRX expression in vitro resulting in ALT, which may contribute to the strong association of IDH1R132H mutations, ATRX loss, and ALT.
Inner change and sustainability initiatives: exploring the narratives from eco-villagers through a place-based transformative learning approach
Authors: Pisters S. R. , Vihinen H. , Figueiredo E.
Published: January 2020

In an earlier work, we suggested that connection, compassion and creativity could be used as key analytical dimensions of transformative place-based learning (Pisters et al. in Emot Sp Soc 34(8):100578, 2019). This analytical framework was created to study processes of place-based transformative learning which evoke shifts in our consciousness. This inner change might well be critical in the development of regenerative practices and places. This article aims to critically investigate the framework empirically using life-story interviews with people living in three different ecovillages. Ecovillages are so-called intentional communities which aim to develop sustainable, regenerative ways of living. Methodologically, the research is grounded in an ethnography and narrative inquiry. Following the empirical results, we will reflect on the merits and shortcomings of the analytical framework. The article concludes that the framework proved useful for its purpose if it includes a fourth dimension of 'transgression' and portraits the dimensions as continua.
The Ureter in the Kidney Transplant Setting: Ureteroneocystostomy Surgical Options, Double-J Stent Considerations and Management of Related Complications
Authors: Friedersdorff Frank , Weinberger Sarah , Biernath Nadine , Plage Henning , Cash Hannes , El-Bandar Nasrin
Published: January 2020

Purpose of Review

In the setting of kidney transplantation, the ureter is a common source for complications. As a result, prevention of ureteral complications and their management is of crucial importance. In this context, the purpose of this review is to summarize recent literature on the ureter in the kidney transplant setting with a special focus on new findings. We conducted a PubMed and Medline search over the last 10 years to identify all new publications related to ureteroneoimplantations, stents and management of complications in the kidney transplant setting.

Recent Findings

Performance of the “Lich-Gregoir” technique for ureteroneocystostomy seems to be favourable in regard to postoperative complications when compared with other methods described in the literature. Moreover, major urologic complications can be further reduced by ureteral stenting.

A new approach for management of ureteral strictures in renal transplants is presented. We discussed the usage of a ureteral stent covered with a biostable polymer aiming to prevent tissue ingrowth into the lumen as a new option for management of ureteral stricture in the kidney transplant setting.
A Mind Selected by Needs: Explaining Logical Animals by Evolution
Authors: Seitz Fabian
Published: January 2020

Explaining humans as rational creatures—capable of deductive reasoning—remains challenging for evolutionary naturalism. Schechter (Philosophical Perspectives, 24(1)437–464, 2011, 2013) proposes to link the evolution of this kind of reasoning with the ability to plan. His proposal, however, does neither include any elaborated theory on how logical abilities came into being within the hominin lineage nor is it sufficiently supported by empirical evidence. I present such a theory in broad outline and substantiate it with archeological findings. It is argued that the cognitive makeup of any animal is constituted by being embedded in a certain way of life. Changing ways of life thus foster appearances of new cognitive abilities. Finally, a new way of life of coordinated group behavior emerged within the hominins: anticipatory group planning involved in activities like making sophisticated spears for hunting. This gave rise to human logical cognition. It turned hominins into domain-general reasoner and adherents of intersubjective norms for reasoning. However, as I argue, it did not—and most likely could not—give rise to reason by deductive logic. More likely, deductive reasoning entered our world only a few thousand years ago: exclusively as a cultural artifact.
A Review on Applications of Layered Phosphorus in Energy Storage
Authors: Liu Cheng , Wang Yinghao , Sun Jie , Chen Aibing
Published: January 2020

Phosphorus in energy storage has received widespread attention in recent years. Both the high specific capacity and ion mobility of phosphorus may lead to a breakthrough in energy storage materials. Black phosphorus, an allotrope of phosphorus, has a sheet-like structure similar to graphite. In this review, we describe the structure and properties of black phosphorus and characteristics of the conductive electrode material, including theoretical calculation and analysis. The research progress in various ion batteries, including lithium-sulfur batteries, lithium–air batteries, and supercapacitors, is summarized according to the introduction of black phosphorus materials in different electrochemical applications. Among them, with the introduction of black phosphorus in lithium-ion batteries and sodium-ion batteries, the research on the properties of black phosphorus and carbon composite is introduced. Based on the summary, the future development trend and potential of black phosphorus materials in the field of electrochemistry are analyzed.
Landscapes shared by visibility: a case study on the settlement relationships of the Songgukri culture, Korea
Authors: Kim Habeom , Bone Christopher , Lee Gyoung-Ah
Published: January 2020

The Songgukri culture (c. 2900–2400 cal. BP) in the Geum River basin is often regarded as one of the earliest complex societies in the Korean peninsula, based on some evidence for an intensified agrarian economy and social differentiation. This study focuses on landscape visibility as a method of detecting settlement relationships of the Songgukri culture. Two measures of landscape visibility, viewshed size and shared-ness of viewshed (SoV), are examined in this study. Our results indicate that while Songgukri centers tend to have larger visibility of landscape than non-centers, both centers and non-centers share their visible landscape with other settlements at a remarkably high rate. We argue that landscape visibility at Songgukri settlements reflects a shared sense of cultural belonging among settlers, rather than sociopolitical inequality between the elites in centers and the non-elites in other settlements. This study highlights a long-term process, in which bottom-up cultural interactions of Songgukri residents may have contributed to the development of settlement organization and regional communal identities over time.
Wall Enhancement, Hemodynamics, and Morphology in Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms with High Rupture Risk
Authors: Lv Nan , Karmonik Christof , Chen Shiyue , Wang Xinrui , Fang Yibin , Huang Qinghai , Liu Jianmin
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between morphology, hemodynamics, and aneurysm wall enhancement (AWE) on vessel wall MRI and their potential role in rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Fifty-seven patients (22 males and 35 females; mean age of 58.4) harboring 65 unruptured intracranial aneurysms were retrospectively recruited. Vessel wall MRI images were reviewed and differentiated as no (NAWE), partial (PAWE), and circumferential (CAWE) wall enhancement. Computational geometry and computational fluid dynamics were used to calculate morphological and hemodynamic parameters. The PHASES score was calculated for each case to estimate its rupture risk. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the relationship between morphological-hemodynamic pattern and AWE as well as their association with rupture risk. AWE was present in 26 (40.0%) lesions, including 14 (21.5%) PAWE and 12 (18.5%) CAWE. Aneurysm size (odds ratio = 7.46, 95% confidence interval = 1.56–35.77, p = 0.012), size ratio (odds ratio = 12.90, 95% confidence interval = 2.28–72.97, p = 0.004), and normalized wall shear stress (odds ratio = 0.11, 95% confidence interval = 0.02–0.69, p = 0.018) were independently associated with the presence of AWE. With increasing PHASES score, size-related parameters and the frequency of irregular shape increased significantly, and a hemodynamic pattern of lower and oscillating wall shear stress was observed. Simultaneously, the proportion of NAWE aneurysms decreased, and PAWE and CAWE aneurysms increased significantly (p < 0.001). Unruptured intracranial aneurysms with a higher rupture risk presented with a significantly larger size, lower wall shear stress, and more intense AWE, which might support the interaction between morphology, hemodynamics, and inflammation and their potential role in aneurysm rupture prediction.
Verwaltungsdokumente als Vehikel in der biografischen Auseinandersetzung mit der Heimerziehung der 1950er und 1960er Jahre
Authors: Apel Magdalena
Published: January 2020

In dem Beitrag wird die Bedeutung von Fürsorgeakten der 1950er und 1960er Jahre für Zeitzeug_innen der damaligen Heimerziehung herausgearbeitet. Dafür werden biografisch-narrative Interviews mit einer hermeneutischen Perspektive analysiert. Die Bedeutung der Dokumente im Rahmen biografischer Aufarbeitung von vergangenen Geschehnissen steht dabei im Zentrum. Der Beitrag zeigt, dass die Wirkmacht der Schriftstücke für die befragten Zeitzeug_innen von der Vergangenheit bis in die Gegenwart reicht. Akteur_innen der Heimerziehung sowie von diesen in den Akten festgehaltene Zuschreibungen an die ehemals im Heim Untergebrachten werden in den Erzählungen aus der Retrospektive der Interviewten wieder gegenwärtig. Der Akteninhalt kann Antworten auf lange gestellte, identitätsstiftende Fragen liefern, aber auch mit der eigenen Erinnerung in heftigen Widerspruch treten. Der weitere Umgang mit den Dokumenten im Rahmen der eigenen biografischen Auseinandersetzung wird von den Zeitzeug_innen dementsprechend unterschiedlich imaginiert und ausgestaltet.
Serotonin discovery and stepwise disclosure of 5-HT receptor complexity over four decades. Part II. Some contributions of Manfred Göthert
Authors: Göthert Manfred , Bönisch Heinz , Malinowska Barbara , Schlicker Eberhard
Published: January 2020

About 40% of the papers within the scientific oeuvre of Manfred Göthert (1939–2019) were dedicated to serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT). He was not only the witness of the gradual definition of the fourteen 5-HT receptor subtypes but also was involved directly by identifying 5-HT1B, 5-HT1D and 5-HT3 receptors. Moreover, he identified presynaptic 5-HT receptors on central and/or peripheral serotoninergic, noradrenergic and/or cholinergic neurones. Two inhibitory (5-HT1B, 5-HT1D) and two facilitatory (5-HT3, 5-HT4) receptors were found, the 5-HT1B receptor representing a possible target for antidepressant drugs. Ten years earlier than electrophysiologists, he identified ligand-gated receptors like the 5-HT3 and the nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor as targets of halothane. Simultaneously with, but independent of, other authors he found that ethanol allosterically inhibits N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, which are affected at an even lower concentration than 5-HT3 and nACh receptors. The latter two receptors were shown to be subject to allosteric inhibition also by cannabinoids via a mechanism unrelated to cannabinoid CB1 or CB2 receptors; cannabinoid inhibition of 5-HT3 receptors may represent a new target for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Common Comorbidities of Stroke in the Canadian Population
Authors: Elamy Abdel-Halim Hafez , Shuaib Ashfaq , Carriere Keumhee C. , Jeerakathil Thomas
Published: January 2020

Objectives:

Although comorbidity increases the health care and community support needs for patients, and the burden for the health care system, there are few population-based studies on comorbidity in patients with stroke. This study aims to evaluate the occurrence of important comorbidities among stroke patients in the Canadian population.

Methods:

Data from the population-based 2011–2012 Canadian Community Health Survey containing responses from 124,929 participants covering about 98% of the Canadian population when weighted were examined and analyzed by means of logistic regression models.

Results:

There was a statistically significant association between stroke history and multiple comorbid risk factors. Stroke prevalence increased in individuals with heart disease (odds ratio (OR): 3.80, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.77–3.84), hypertension (OR: 1.97, 95% CI: 1.95–1.99), diabetes (OR: 1.74, 95% CI: 1.72–1.75), mood disorder (OR: 2.14, 95% CI: 2.12–2.17), and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.44–1.48) compared to others without the condition. Of 2067 participants with stroke, 1680 (81.3%) had one or more comorbid conditions (heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, mood disorder, or COPD) that coexist with stroke and 48% had two or more. Comorbidity increased with age, and two-thirds of stroke patients with comorbid medical conditions were 60 years of age or older.

Conclusion:

This population-based study provides evidence of comorbidity between stroke and other conditions that include heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, mood disorder, and COPD. Canadian individuals with stroke have a high burden of comorbidity. Health care systems need to recognize and respond to the strong association of comorbidity and stroke occurrence. This key factor should be considered when allocating resources.
Engagement science: The core of dissemination, implementation, and translational research science
Authors: Meissner Paul , Cottler Linda B. , Eder Milton “Mickey” , Michener J. Lloyd
Published: January 2020

Stakeholder engagement is acknowledged as central to dissemination and implementation (D&I) of research that generates and answers new clinical and health service research questions. There is both benefit and risk in conducting stakeholder engagement. Done wrong, it can damage trust and adversely impact study results, outcomes, and reputations. Done correctly with sensitivity, inclusion, and respect, it can significantly facilitate improvements in research prioritization, communication, design, recruitment strategies, and ultimately provide results useful to improve population and individual health. There is a recognized science of stakeholder engagement, but a general lack of knowledge that matches its strategies and approaches to particular populations of interest based on history and characteristics. This article reviews stakeholder engagement, provides several examples of its application across the range of translational research, and recommends that Clinical Translational Science Awards, with their unique geographical, systems, and historical characteristics, actively participate in deepening our understanding of stakeholder engagement science and methods within implementation and dissemination research. These recommendations include (a) development of an inventory of successful stakeholder engagement strategies; (b) coordination and intentionally testing a variety of stakeholder engagement strategies; (c) tool kit development; and (d) identification of fundamental motivators and logic models for stakeholder engagement to help align stakeholders and researchers.
Preoperative risk stratification of deep sternal wound infection after coronary surgery
Authors: Biancari Fausto , Gatti Giuseppe , Rosato Stefano , Mariscalco Giovanni , Pappalardo Aniello , Onorati Francesco , Faggian Giuseppe , Salsano Antonio , Santini Francesco , Ruggieri Vito G. , Perrotti Andrea , Santarpino Giuseppe , Fischlein Theodor , Saccocci Matteo , Musumeci Francesco , Rubino Antonino S. , De Feo Marisa , Bancone Ciro , Nicolini Francesco , Kinnunen Eeva-Maija , Demal Till , D’Errigo Paola , Juvonen Tatu , Dalén Magnus , Maselli Daniele
Published: January 2020

Objective:

To develop a risk score for deep sternal wound infection (DSWI) after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Design:

Multicenter, prospective study.

Setting:

Tertiary-care referral hospitals.

Participants:

The study included 7,352 patients from the European multicenter coronary artery bypass grafting (E-CABG) registry.

Intervention:

Isolated CABG.

Methods:

An additive risk score (the E-CABG DSWI score) was estimated from the derivation data set (66.7% of patients), and its performance was assessed in the validation data set (33.3% of patients).

Results:

DSWI occurred in 181 (2.5%) patients and increased 1-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.275; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.804–6.517). Female gender (odds ratio [OR], 1.804; 95% CI, 1.161–2.802), body mass index ≥30 kg/m2(OR, 1.729; 95% CI, 1.166–2.562), glomerular filtration rate <45 mL/min/1.73 m2(OR, 2.410; 95% CI, 1.413–4.111), diabetes (OR, 1.741; 95% CI, 1.178–2.573), pulmonary disease (OR, 1.935; 95% CI, 1.178–3.180), atrial fibrillation (OR, 1.854; 95% CI, 1.096–3.138), critical preoperative state (OR, 2.196; 95% CI, 1.209–3.891), and bilateral internal mammary artery grafting (OR, 2.088; 95% CI, 1.422–3.066) were predictors of DSWI (derivation data set). An additive risk score was calculated by assigning 1 point to each of these independent risk factors for DSWI. In the validation data set, the rate of DSWI increased along with the E-CABG DSWI scores (score of 0, 1.0%; score of 1, 1.8%; score of 2, 2.2%; score of 3, 6.9%; score ≥4: 12.1%;P< .0001). Net reclassification improvement, integrated discrimination improvement, and decision curve analysis showed that the E-CABG DSWI score performed better than other risk scores.

Conclusions:

DSWI is associated with poor outcome after CABG, and its risk can be stratified using the E-CABG DSWI score.

Trial registration:

clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT02319083
HIGHER EDUCATION FOR HAREDIM IN ISRAEL
Authors: Hartman Tova , Zicherman Chaim
Published: January 2020

Over the past two decades a number of Israeli institutions of higher education have opened gender-segregated programs for the ultra-Orthodox, or haredim. The growth of these programs has generated an intense debate in Israel, reflected throughout Israeli media and in several appeals to Israel's Supreme Court. The issues raised concerning gender-segregated higher education reflect an overarching inquiry that is of great interest to multicultural theoreticians: the relationship of liberal democracies to their illiberal minorities. Multicultural theoreticians agree that healthy democracies must tolerate some illiberal practices while acknowledging that not every illiberal practice can be tolerated. In the case at hand, the essay addresses the question: can a liberal democracy tolerate gender-segregated higher education? Using work by Charles Taylor, Michael Walzer, Kwame Anthony Appiah, John Inazu, and others, the essay reviews the arguments for and against gender segregation in higher education for Israeli haredim. The essay explores the limits of toleration of illiberal cultures within liberal democratic societies and finds crucial the right to exit such a culture—a right whose viability is dependent upon adequate education. The essay concludes by discussing the multiculturalism organization development model and what has been termed the manyness and messiness of multiculturalism.
Recent Archaeological Research at Tambo Viejo, Acari Valley, Peru
Authors: Valdez Lidio M. , Huamaní Marcelino N. , Bettcher Katrina J. , Liza Miguel A. , Aylas Katherinne , Alarcón Wilber
Published: January 2020

We recently conducted excavations at the Inka administrative center of Tambo Viejo in the Acari Valley of the Peruvian south coast. Our excavation of two centrally located structures demonstrates that, despite the apparent brief occupation of the site, there was substantial rebuilding as older structures were demolished and replaced by new ones. The final layout of Tambo Viejo had been preceded by continuous modifications. Furthermore, the establishment of Tambo Viejo was accompanied by ritual activities comprising the burial of sacrificial offerings such as plants and animals.
Savvy Surrogates and Rock Star Parents: Compensation Provisions, Contracting Practices, and the Value of Womb Work
Authors: Berk Hillary L.
Published: January 2020

What is the value of surrogate labor and risks, and how is it negotiated by participants as they contract within an unsettled baby market? This article presents novel data on compensation, fee, and bodily autonomy provisions formalized in surrogacy contracts, and the experiences of actors embedded in exchange relations, as they emerge in a contested reproductive market. It combines content analysis of a sample of thirty surrogacy contracts with 115 semi-structured interviews conducted in twenty states across the United States of parties to these agreements, attorneys who draft them, counselors, and agencies that coordinate matches between intended parents and surrogates. It analyzes the value of services and medical risks, such as loss of a uterus, selective abortion, and “carrier incapacity,” as they are encoded into agreements within an ambiguous field. Surrogacy is presented as an interactive social process involving law, markets, medicine, and a variety of cultural norms surrounding gender, motherhood, and work. Contracts have actual and symbolic power, legitimating transactions despite moral anxieties. Compensation transforms pregnancy into a job while helping participants make sense of the market and their “womb work” given normative flux. Contracts are deployed by professionals without informed policies that could enhance power and reduce potential inequalities.
Conceptualizing Consent: How Prosecutors Identify Sexual Victimization in Statutory Rape Cases
Authors: Small Jamie L.
Published: January 2020

In the wake of rape law reforms, lack of sexual consent emerged as a key element that defined sexual contact as criminal. Its presence modified the requirement of force or threat of violence, and it gained traction in campaigns to eradicate sexual assault. Little is known, however, about how prosecutors assess consent. In this article, I use the case of statutory rape to better understand the legal construction of sexual consent. By focusing on an age-based class of individuals who are sexually mature but still under the age of consent, I show how legal actors identify sexual victimization among youth. Drawing on interviews with forty-three prosecutors, I analyze prosecutorial decision making during the investigation, charging, and trial phases. I find that sexual consent is not simply a dichotomous legal category but rather a sociological process. Prosecutors define sexual victimization based on informal ideas about normative adolescent sexuality, reproducing social hierarchies based on age, gender, and sexual identity.
Painting the Aztec Past in Early Colonial Mexico: Translation and Knowledge Production in theCodex Mendoza
Authors: Bleichmar Daniela
Published: January 2020

The “Codex Mendoza” is one of the earliest, most detailed, and most important postconquest accounts of pre-Hispanic Aztec life. Nahuas and Spaniards manufactured the codex through a complex process that involved translations across media, languages, and cultural framings. Translations made Aztec culture legible and acceptable to nonnative viewers and readers by recasting indigenous practices, knowledge, ontology, and epistemology. Following a stratigraphic approach that examines the process through which natives and Spaniards created a transcultural manuscript, the article examines the multiple interpretations and negotiations involved in producing images, books, and information about the indigenous world in early colonial Mexico.
Etymology, Antiquarianism, and Unchanging Languages in Johannes Goropius Becanus'sOrigines Antwerpianaeand William Camden'sBritannia
Authors: Baker David Weil
Published: January 2020

This article argues that, despite the protestations to the contrary of William Camden (1551–1623), the antiquarian methods of his “Britannia” are indebted to the “Origines Antwerpianae” of Johannes Goropius Becanus (1519–73). Both Goropius and Camden posited the contemporary existence of an unchanged primeval language (Dutch for Goropius and Welsh for Camden) wherein etymologies could be used to trace the origins and migrations of ancient peoples. Even as humanist philology underscored the mutability of language, Goropius and Camden selectively ignored this mutability in order to have a basis other than myth or legend for reconstructing antiquity. Their efforts, however, created new myths about language and its ability to bridge present and distant past.
Ornament and Systems of Ordering in the Sixteenth-Century Netherlands
Authors: Kavaler Ethan Matt
Published: January 2020

Early modern ornament might profitably be considered as a set of systems, each with its own rules. It signaled wealth and status. It offered pleasure and prompted curiosity. It cut across the apparent divide between the vernacular and the classicizing. It was relational, understood in the context of a given subject but not necessarily subservient to it. The notion of ornament as essentially supplemental and the prejudice against ornamental excess are both children of the late eighteenth century. Both ideas depend on a post-Enlightenment conviction of the work of art as an autonomous, aesthetically self-sufficient object, an idea not fully formed in the early modern era.
Changes in fruit, vegetable and fish consumption after statutory retirement: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Ali-Kovero Kirsi , Pietiläinen Olli , Mauramo Elina , Jäppinen Sauli , Rahkonen Ossi , Lallukka Tea , Kanerva Noora
Published: January 2020

Retirement is a major life transition affecting health and health behaviour, but evidence on how this transition contributes to changes in healthy food habits is scarce. We examined whether the consumption of fruit and vegetables as well as fish changes after transition into statutory retirement. The data were derived from the prospective Helsinki Health Study. At phase 1 in 2000–2002, all participants were 40- to 60-year-old employees of the City of Helsinki, Finland (n 8960, response rate 67 %). Follow-up surveys were conducted in 2007, 2012 and 2017 (response rates 79–83 %). Using the four phases, we formed three nested cohorts in which the participants either continued working or moved to statutory retirement. The final analytical sample consisted of 6887 participants (14 357 observations). Frequency of fruit, vegetable and fish consumption was calculated from a twenty-two-item FFQ. Analyses of repeated measures of food consumption before and after retirement transition were conducted with a negative binomial mixed model, adjusting for age, marital status, limiting long-standing illness and household income. During the follow-up, altogether 3526 participants retired. Transition to retirement was associated with a decrease in vegetable consumption among women and, contrarily, with an increase in fruit consumption among men (P < 0·05 for interaction between time and employment status). Fish consumption did not differ by the change in employment status. Statutory retirement can have mixed effects on healthy food habits, and these can differ between food groups and sex. Healthy food habits should be promoted among employees transitioning to retirement.