bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity of Potential Groundwater Recharge to Projected Climate Change Scenarios: A Site-Specific Study in the Nebraska Sand Hills, USA
Authors: Adane Zablon , Zlotnik Vitaly A. , Rossman Nathan R. , Wang Tiejun , Nasta Paolo
Published: May 2019

Assessing the relationship between climate forcings and groundwater recharge (GR) rates in semi-arid regions is critical for water resources management. This study presents the impact of climate forecasts on GR within a probabilistic framework in a site-specific study in the Nebraska Sand Hills (NSH), the largest stabilized sand dune region in the USA containing the greatest recharge rates within the High Plains Aquifer. A total of 19 downscaled climate projections were used to evaluate the impact of precipitation and reference evapotranspiration on GR rates simulated by using HYDRUS 1-D. The analysis of the decadal aridity index (AI) indicates that climate class will likely remain similar to the historic average in the RCP2.6, 4.5, and 6.0 emission scenarios but AI will likely decrease significantly under the worst-case emission scenario (RCP8.5). However, GR rates will likely decrease in all of the four emission scenarios. The results show that GR generally decreases by ~25% under the business-as-usual scenario and by nearly 50% in the worst-case scenario. Moreover, the most likely GR values are presented with respect to probabilities in AI and the relationship between annual-average precipitation and GR rate were developed in both historic and projected scenarios. Finally, to present results at sub-annual time resolution, three representative climate projections (dry, mean and wet scenarios) were selected from the statistical distribution of cumulative GR. In the dry scenario, the excessive evapotranspiration demand in the spring and precipitation deficit in the summer can cause the occurrence of wilting points and plant withering due to excessive root-water-stress. This may pose significant threats to the survival of the native grassland ecology in the NSH and potentially lead to desertification processes if climate change is not properly addressed.
Outlier Detection and Smoothing Process for Water Level Data Measured by Ultrasonic Sensor in Stream Flows
Authors: Bae Inhyeok , Ji Un
Published: May 2019

Water level data sets acquired by ultrasonic sensors in stream-scale channels exhibit relatively large numbers of outliers that are off the measurement range between the ultrasonic sensor and water surface, as well as data dispersion of approximately 2 cm due to random errors such as water waves. Therefore, this study develops a data processing algorithm for outlier removal and smoothing for water level data measured by ultrasonic sensors to consider these characteristics. The outlier removal process includes an initial cutoff process to remove outliers out of the measurement range and an outlier detection process using modified Z-scores based on the median absolute deviation (MAD) of a robust estimator. In addition, an exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) method is applied to smooth the processed data. Sensitivity analyses are performed for factors that are subjectively set by the user, including the window size for the MAD outlier detection stage, the rejection criterion for the modified Z-score outlier removal stage, and the smoothing constant for the EWMA smoothing stage, based on four different water level data sets acquired by ultrasonic sensors in stream-scale experiments.
Estimation of Sediment Yield and Maximum Outflow Using the IntErO Model in the Sarada River Basin of Nepal
Authors: Chalise Devraj , Kumar Lalit , Spalevic Velibor , Skataric Goran
Published: May 2019

Soil erosion is a severe environmental problem worldwide as it washes away the fertile topsoil and reduces agricultural production. Nepal, being a hilly country, has significant erosion disputes as well. It is important to cognise the soil erosion processes occurring in a river basin to manage the erosion severity and plan for better soil conservation programs. This paper seeks to calculate the sediment yield and maximum outflow from the Sarada river basin located in the western hills of Nepal using the computer-graphic Intensity of Erosion and Outflow (IntErO) model. Asymmetry coefficient of 0.63 was calculated, which suggests a possibility of large floods to come in the river basin in the future whereas the maximum outflow from the river basin was 1918 m³ s−1. An erosion coefficient value of 0.40 was obtained, which indicates surface erosion of medium strength prevails in the river basin. Similarly, the gross soil loss rate of 10.74 Mg ha−1 year−1 was obtained with the IntErO modeling which compares well with the soil loss from the erosion plot measurements. The IntErO model was used for the very first time to calculate soil erosion rates in the Nepalese hills and has a very good opportunity to be applied in similar river basins.
Pristine and Graphene-Quantum-Dots-Decorated Spinel Nickel Aluminate for Water Remediation from Dyes and Toxic Pollutants
Authors: Regulska Elzbieta , Breczko Joanna , Basa Anna
Published: May 2019

Pristine nickel aluminate and the one decorated with graphene quantum dots were prepared via a cost-effective co-precipitation method. Both were fully characterized by thermogravimetry (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and UV–Vis techniques. The photocatalytic activity of nickel aluminate under simulated solar light irradiation was demonstrated towards potential pollutants, including a series of dyes (rhodamine B, quinoline yellow, eriochrome black T, methylene blue), toxic phenol and fungicide (thiram). Further profound enhancement of the photocatalytic activity of nickel aluminate was achieved after its decoration with graphene quantum dots. The mechanism of the photocatalytic degradation in the presence of the NiAl2O4/graphene quantum dots (GQDs) composite was investigated; hydroxyl radicals were found to play the leading role. This work offers new insight into the application of the conjunction of the inorganic spinel and the carbon nanostructure (i.e., GQDs), but also provides a simple and highly efficient route for potential water remediation from common pollutants, including dyes and colorless harmful substances.
The Effect of Climatic and Non-climatic Factors on Groundwater Levels in the Jinghuiqu Irrigation District of the Shaanxi Province, China
Authors: Zhao Zhiqiang , Jia Zhifeng , Guan Zilong , Xu Chunyan
Published: May 2019

A chronic decline of the groundwater levels has become one of the hot issues affecting groundwater resources management. The rising global temperature, the high frequency of extreme weather (higher temperature and stronger evaporation, heavy or less rainfall), and unreasonable management policies have become important driving factors, causing a dynamic change in groundwater levels, in many regions. This study aims to explore the impact of climate and non-climate factors on groundwater levels in the Jinghuiqu irrigation district. The climatic phases were defined by rainfall anomalies, and the Mann–Kendall trend test statistic (M–K test) and Sen’s slope method were used to statistically analyze the influence of temperature (1950–2017) and rainfall (1980–2017) on the groundwater level. The results showed that: (1) Dry, normal, and wet phases occurred alternately, including two normal, two wet, and one dry periods (Wet 1980–1984; Normal 1985–1996; Dry 1997–2002; Wet 2003–2011; Normal 2012–2017). (2) The groundwater levels in the dry phase, decreased significantly by 0.62 m/year (p < 0.05), and the groundwater levels in the wet phases did not have a complete recovery, due to the excessive extraction of groundwater. Meanwhile, extreme weather became an important signal to reflect the change of groundwater levels. (3) The groundwater levels decreased significantly in the west and northwest (p < 0.05), but not in the southeast, due to the regional difference of groundwater extraction, which is the primary factor resulting in a chronic decline of groundwater levels. (4) Besides human activities, temperature had a higher correlation with groundwater levels (p < 0.05), which indicated that the potential impact of climate change on groundwater levels should not be ignored while setting groundwater resource management policies for a sustainable cycle of atmosphere–land–water.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Spatially Reconfiguring Erosion Hot Spots to Reduce Stream Sediment Load in an Upland Agricultural Catchment of South Korea
Authors: Choi Kwanghun , Maharjan Ganga Ram , Reineking Björn
Published: May 2019

Upland agricultural expansion and intensification cause soil erosion, which has a negative impact on the environment and socioeconomic factors by degrading the quality of both nutrient-rich surface soil and water. The Haean catchment is a well-known upland agricultural area in South Korea, which generates a large amount of sediment from its cropland. The transportation of nutrient-rich sediment to the stream adversely affects the water quality of the Han River watershed, which supports over twenty million people. In this paper, we suggest a spatially explicit mitigation method to reduce the amount of sediment yield to the stream of the catchment by converting soil erosion hot spots into forest. To evaluate the effectiveness of this reconfiguration, we estimated the sediment redistribution rate and assessed the soil erosion risk in the Haean catchment using the daily based Morgan–Morgan–Finney (DMMF) model. We found that dry crop fields located in the steep hill-slope suffer from severe soil erosion, and the rice paddy, orchard, and urban area, which are located in a comparatively lower and flatter area, suffer less from erosion. Although located in the steep hill-slope, the forest exhibits high sediment trapping capabilities in this model. When the erosion-prone crop lands were managed by sequentially reconfiguring their land use and land cover (LULC) to the forest from the area with the most severe erosion to the area with the least severe erosion, the result showed a strong reduction in sediment yield flowing to the stream. A change of 3% of the catchment’s crop lands of the catchment into forest reduced the sediment yield entering into the stream by approximately 10% and a change of 10% of crop lands potentially resulted in a sediment yield reduction by approximately 50%. According to these results, identifying erosion hot spots and managing them by reconfiguring their LULC is effective in reducing terrestrial sediment yield entering into the stream.
Operation of a 2-Stage Bioelectrochemical System for Groundwater Denitrification
Authors: Callegari Arianna , Bolognesi Silvia , Cecconet Daniele
Published: May 2019

Nitrate groundwater contamination is an issue of global concern that has not been satisfactorily and efficiently addressed, yet. In this study, a 2-stage, sequential bioelectrochemical system (BES) was run to perform autotrophic denitrification of synthetic groundwater. The system was run at a 75.6 mgNO3−-N L−1NCC d−1 nitrate loading rate, achieving almost complete removal of nitrate (>93%) and Total Nitrogen (TN) (>93%). After treatment in the first stage reactor values of effluent nitrate compatible with the EU and USA limits for drinking water (<11.3 and 10 mgNO3−-N L−1, respectively) were achieved. Nitrite and nitrous oxide were observed in the first stage’s effluent, and were then successfully removed in the second stage. The observed nitrate removal rate was 73.4 ± 1.3 gNO3−-N m−3NCC d−1, while the total nitrogen removal rate was 73.1 ± 1.2 gN m−3NCC d−1. Specific energy consumptions of the system were 0.80 ± 0.00 kWh m−3, 18.80 ± 0.94 kWh kgNO3−-N−1 and 18.88 ± 0.95 kWh kgN−1. Combination of two denitrifying BES in series herein described proved to be effective.
Long-Term Changes in the Zooplankton Community of Lake Maggiore in Response to Multiple Stressors: A Functional Principal Components Analysis
Authors: Arfè Andrea , Quatto Piero , Zambon Antonella , MacIsaac Hugh J. , Manca Marina
Published: May 2019

We describe the long-term (1981–2008) dynamics of several physico-chemical and biological variables and how their changes may have influenced zooplankton structure in Lake Maggiore (Italy). Data was available for the 1981–1992 and 1995–2008 periods. Standardized time-series for temperature and total phosphorus (TP), chlorophyll-a, phytoplankton density (cel m−3), and cell size (µm3), as well as zooplankton structure (Copepoda, Cladocera, and Rotifera density, ind m−3) were smoothed using penalized B-splines and analyzed using Functional Principal Components (FPCs) to assess their dominant modes of variation. The first four FPCs explained 55% of 1981–1992 and 65% of 1995–2008 overall variation. Results showed that temperature fluctuated during the study period, particularly during 1988–1992 with a general tendency to increase. TP showed a declining trend with some reversions in the pattern observed in the years 1992, 1999, and 2000. Phytoplankton estimators and chlorophyll-a concentration showed a variable trend along the study period. Zooplankton groups also had a variable trend along the study period with a general increase in density of large carnivorous (mainly Bythotrephes longimanus) and a decrease of large herbivorous (mainly Daphnia), and a similar increase in the ratio of raptorial to microphagous rotifers. Our results suggest that the lake experienced a strong trophic change associated with oligotrophication, followed by pronounced climate-induced changes during the latter period. TP concentration was strongly associated with changes in abundance of some zooplankton taxa.
A Comparison Study of Runoff Characteristics of Non-Point Source Pollution from Three Watersheds in South Korea
Authors: Park Minji , Choi Young Soon , Shin Hyung Jin , Song Inhong , Yoon Chun Gyeong , Choi Joong Dae , Yu Soon Ju
Published: May 2019

Three watersheds in Korea (Dochoncheon, Gongjicheon, Seolseongcheon) with different land cover characteristics were selected for non-point source pollution monitoring. Event mean concentration (EMC) was calculated, and runoff characteristics were compared through first-flushing and statistical analyses. The mean of the water quality parameters was the highest in Seolseongcheon during dry days among the three watersheds. EMCs of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total nitrogen (TN) were higher in Dochoncheon and Gongjicheon during rainy days, respectively. The upper Seolseongchun watershed showed overall greater values of chemical oxygen demand (COD), suspended solids (SS), total organic carbon (TOC), and total phosphorus (TP). First-flush analyses indicated that SS had the strongest and TN had the weakest effects on the first flush. BOD was the highest in Dochoncheon (urban watershed) and increased with increased number of antecedent dry days. Rainfall intensity appeared to affect SS runoff strongly in Gongjicheon and Seolseongcheon. COD showed strong correlation with SS and TOC in all watersheds, and organic matter (COD and TOC) demonstrated high factor loads during dry and rainy days. Thus, organic matter–related factors were classified as the major factors in pollutant loads. TP and TN were separately classified during dry days in Gongjicheon and Seolseongcheon, whereas these were the secondary factors during rainfall when the influence of non-point pollution was substantial. Cluster analyses showed that the monitoring sites in Dochoncheon and Gongjicheon watersheds were closer than Seolseongcheon. As a result of the comparison of non-point source pollution runoff in the three watersheds, it was difficult to explain the non-point source pollution runoff by specific characteristics such as land cover. For science-based management of non-point pollution, it is necessary to obtain additional survey data considering the climatic, geographical and major industries.
Stable Isotope Composition in Surface Water in the Upper Yellow River in Northwest China
Authors: Shi Mengyu , Wang Shengjie , Argiriou Athanassios A. , Zhang Mingjun , Guo Rong , Jiao Rong , Kong Jingjing , Zhang Yaning , Qiu Xue , Zhou Su’e
Published: May 2019

Although stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen in surface waters (especially in river waters) are useful tools to understand regional hydrological processes, relevant information at some upper reaches of large rivers in western China is still limited. During 2016–2017, we focused on the Liujiaxia Reservoir along the upper Yellow River, where we collected surface water samples at two locations, above and below the dam (identified as “lake water” and “river water”). The results show that the heavy isotopes in lake and river waters are enriched during the warm months, when the river discharge is large, and depleted during the cold months. The slopes of the water line (δ2H versus δ18O) for both the lake and river waters were lower than that of the global mean, due to evaporation. The different d values of the lake and river water reflect the regional evaporation and water sources.
Characteristics of Horizontal Precipitation in Semi-Humid Forestland in Northern China
Authors: Jia Jianbo , Yan Wende , Chen Xiaoyong , Liu Wenna
Published: May 2019

Little information is available on horizontal precipitation in forest land in semi-humid climate regions. In this study, the quantity and duration of horizontal precipitation were investigated using the high precision weighing lysimeter system in the mountainous areas of northern China during the experiment year 2011 and 2012. The purpose of this study was to better understand the formation mechanisms of horizontal precipitation in the semi-humid climate region. The results showed that hourly values of horizontal precipitation distributed between 0 and 0.1 mm, and that the one-night values distributed between 0.2 and 0.4 mm. The number of days with horizontal precipitation accounted for about 45% of the whole year. The average monthly amount of horizontal precipitation was 4.5 mm in the non-growing season, while it was a mere 1.6 mm in the growing season. The total amount of horizontal precipitation in the year was about 33 mm. Horizontal precipitation represented about 4.61% and 4.23% of the annual precipitation in 2011 and 2012. During the non-growing season, water vapor absorbed by the soil was greater than canopy and soil condensation, not only in terms of frequency, but also in the cumulated quantity. On a typical day, the canopy and soil condensation was 0.07 mm, accounting for 31.81% of total quantity of horizontal precipitation (0.22 mm). Air temperature, soil temperature and wind speed were negatively correlated with the quantity and duration of horizontal precipitation. This research could provide information for a better understanding of the ecological significance of horizontal precipitation in the semi-humid climate region in northern China.
Runoff and Solute Outputs under Different Land Uses: Long-Term Results from a Mediterranean Mountain Experimental Station
Authors: Nadal-Romero Estela , Khorchani Makki , Lasanta Teodoro , García-Ruiz José M.
Published: May 2019

Water availability and quality in Mediterranean environments are largely related to the spatial organisation of land uses in mountain areas, where most water resources are generated. However, there is scant data available on the potential effects of land use changes on surface water chemistry in the Mediterranean mountain region. In order to address this gap in the research, this study investigates the effects of various mountain Mediterranean land covers/land uses on runoff water yielded and water chemistry (solute concentrations and loads) using data from the Aísa Valley Experimental Station (Central Pyrenees) for a long-term period (1991–2011). Nine land covers have been reproduced in closed plots, including dense shrub cover, grazing meadows, cereal, fallow land, abandoned field, shifting agriculture (active and abandoned) and 2 burned plots (one burned in 1991 and the second one burned twice in 1993 and 2001). Results show that all solute concentrations differed among land uses, with agricultural activity producing significantly higher solute loads and concentrations than the other types. Two groups have been identified: (i) the lowest solute concentrations and the smallest quantities of solute loads are recorded in the dense shrub cover, the plot burned once (at present well colonized with shrubs), meadows and abandoned field plots; (ii) the plot burned twice registered moderate values and the highest solute concentrations and loads are found in cereal, fallow land and shifting agriculture plots. Water chemistry is clearly dominated by Ca2+ and HCO3− concentrations, whereas other solutes are exported in very low quantities due to the poor nutrient content of the soil. These results complete the information published previously on soil erosion under different land uses in this experimental station and help to explain the evolution of land cover as a consequence of shifting agriculture, cereal farming on steep slopes and the use of recurrent fires to favour seasonal grazing. They also suggest that promoting the development of grazing and cutting meadows is a good strategy to reduce not only soil erosion but also the loss of nutrients.
Building Peace in Northern Ireland: Christian Reconcilers in an Economy of Hate
Authors: Getty Eric
Published: May 2019

The Ardoyne neighborhood is not a place a tourist would want to visit. Its streets today are the front lines of what some would classify as a religious holy war, and are the regular backdrop for violent scenes of masked demonstrators, burning cars, and heavily armed soldiers and riot police. Guard towers, walls topped with barbed wire, armored cars, and helicopters are part of daily life in this area, but this neighborhood is not in the Middle East. Rather, it lies far to the north in Belfast, Northern Ireland, part of industrialized Western Europe. Here, row upon row of run-down brick tenements intertwine in a rusted-out, crumbling, crime-ridden tumor in the north end of the city. The people who live here are largely poor, unemployed, inadequately educated, and suffer from widespread drug and alcohol addictions. All of these ingredients create a dangerously volatile mix, but what makes the Ardoyne a particularly tense place is that its streets have been divided and subdivided between Catholic and Protestant zones, and the slightest provocation can become the spark that sets off an explosive chain-reaction of communal violence.
The Role the Dutch Reformed Church Played in the Rise and Fall of Apartheid
Authors: Nelson Jennifer
Published: May 2019

The history of the Dutch settlers (later to become the Afrikaners), bound to their strong Calvinistic beliefs, became the cornerstone of white South African history in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The Great Trek (the emigration from the Eastern Cape Colony into the interior of Southern Africa by some 12,000 to 14,000 Dutch-speaking farmers between 1834 and the early 1840s) is regarded by Afrikaners as a central event of their history and the origin of their nationhood. It was during The Great Trek that the Afrikaans language and their unique culture developed. It was during this period that the Afrikaners’ attitude toward the British hardened and the Afrikaner philosophy of apartheid (separateness) was formulated. It was during The Great Trek that the Afrikaners came to believe that they were a “chosen race” and that it was their “manifest destiny” to populate the areas north of the Orange River.
Identity-Driven Violence: Reclaiming Civil Society
Authors: Hoover Kenneth R , Johnson Vernon D.
Published: May 2019

The increase in identity-based violence both domestically and internationally is focusing attention on the need for proactive approaches to reconciliation. The rise of militia movements, and the associated phenomenon of malicious racial harassment in the Pacific Northwest, demonstrates the dangers arising from identity-driven violence. The broad scale success of an anti-affirmative action initiative illustrates the wider significance of discriminatory attitudes. This article addresses those dangers by illustrating the convergence of two kinds of theories about identity-based violence. We will demonstrate how individual- level explanation taken from empirical work in the field of developmental psychology fits with social movement theory to provide a powerful analysis of the causes, and the cure, for identity-based violence and racial discrimination. Specifically, we focus on the relationship between identity formation and political violence, on the one hand, and residual racism among economically and culturally dispossessed whites on the other.Social movement theory tells us that there are dispossessed whites who are likely to seek status by targeting minorities. Identity theory tells us that it is the disjunction between the certainties of identity socialization for this group, and their present sense of dispossession, that transforms group "interest" into authoritarianism and potential violence. The key empirical link is between identity "foreclosure" and forms of authoritarianism that rationalize violence.In using the analysis as a guide to solutions to racial violence, we highlight the actions that can be taken to pre-empt violent behavior through a political emphasis on developing constructive developmental choices. We examine the requirements for the development of democratic personalities that avoid the pathologies of violence associated with interpersonal domination and authoritarianism. The direction given by social movement theory points toward solutions based on democratic discourse around objectives derived from identity theory: namely, the recognition and validation of community worth, the improvement and affirmation of participatory competence, and practical steps toward sustaining commitments on an interpersonal basis. These kinds of communication have to be worked out at the non-elite level, and in practical steps that build confidence between communities.The article builds on the work reported in Hoover's recent book, The Power of Identity: Politics in a New Key (Chatham House 1997), and on work by Johnson on race and American national identity.
Our Ancestral Shadow: Hate and Human Nature in Evolutionary Psychology
Authors: Waller James E
Published: May 2019

In some unique ways, each of us is like no other human being. In other ways, each of us is like some other human beings. And, in yet some other ways, each of us is like all other human beings. The question of the nature of human nature is captured in this final statement. In what ways are we like every other person that has gone before us and will come after us? This question is particularly relevant to the emerging field of hate studies. Is there an endowment with which each of us begins our life that is important in understanding how, and why, people hate?
The Last Uncomfortable "Religious" Question? Monotheistic Exclusivism and Textual Superiority in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam as Sources of Hate and Genocide
Authors: Jacobs Steven Leonard
Published: May 2019

This paper is a preliminary examination of some of the texts of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam–Hebrew Bible, New Testament, Qur’an–that appear to affirm such exclusivism, and, at the same time, a reflection upon the meanings and implications of those texts coterminous with their historical realities.
A Crime By Any Other Name: The Semantics of Hate
Authors: Perry Barbara
Published: May 2019

I have become increasingly dissatisfied with the continued reliance on the term “hate crime,” due in large measure to the often willful scholarly and public misunderstanding and misuse of the phrase, wherein references are made to such processes as “the criminalization of hatred” (Dority 1994). In response to such tendencies, like Gail Mason (2001, 253) in her recent Law and Critique article, “I wish to raise some questions about hate as a heuristic device.”
Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes
Authors: Baum Steven K.
Published: May 2019

When Israel Charny edited ABC-CLIO’s 2-volume, 720-page Encyclopedia of Genocide and Crimes Against Humanity in 1999, it was not clear that such an extensive work was needed by the field, or that it would be welcome. Although admirable in containing contributions from about 100 contributors and forewords by Archbishop Desmond Tutu and Simon Wiesenthal, the two-volume set was a little too detailed at times and was somewhat cumbersome to use. Now, in its third printing, the work has found both its place and its stride. Despite its flaws, the encyclopedia fills avoid and is appreciated by scholars in the field.
Deconstructing Hate Speech in the DRC: A Psychological Media Sensitization Campaign
Authors: Vollhardt Johann , Coutin Marie , Staub Ervin , Weiss George , Deflander Johan
Published: May 2019

This article describes an interdisciplinary and theory-based radio campaign that has been developed to counteract, and sensitize citizens to hate speech in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). The article provides a brief overview of the instrumentalization of hate speech and the violent effects it has had in the Great Lakes region of Africa. A summary of the most recent events in the DRC is given. Here, hate speech was used in the presidential election campaigns in 2006, contributing to a polarization of the country and giving the campaign an ethnic underpinning. A radio program developed to counteract hate speech during the election campaigns is described. Its theoretical basis, the application of Staub’s (1989) theory of the evolution of mass violence to hate speech, is presented. Based on this and other relevant psychological concepts, characteristics and psychological aspects of hate speech are summarized, and markers and guidelines are provided that allow listeners to detect and counteract hate speech.
The Politics of Hate: Ultranationalist and Fundamentalist Tactics and Goals
Authors: Davison Joan
Published: May 2019

Ultranationalist and religious fundamentalist movements frequently use hate to mobilize people. These groups possess a sophisticated understanding of the importance of appealing to the emotions. Leaders often employ xenophobic language intended to inspire fear and justify a defensive reaction. The movements also rely heavily upon symbols, myths, and public events to simplify and communicate the “truths” of their ideologies. The leaders convey messages with tremendous affective appeal. Yet, measures exist to counter and contain the politics of hate. The development of civil society, group rights, a free media, and integrated institutions can contribute to a durable solution in cases of ethnic or religious conflict. Finally, the option of humanitarian intervention exists when the politics of hate leads to extremist violence.
Homophobic Hate Propaganda in Canada
Authors: Faulkner Ellen
Published: May 2019

While the typical hate crime is perceived to be of a violent nature perpetrated by individuals connected to Nazi and neo-Nazi groups and white supremacists, a more insidious form of hatred exists in the form of hate propaganda (Kinsella 1994; Martin 1995; Sher 1983; Sunahara 1981; Abella and Trooper 1982; Barrett 1987; Betcherman 1975; Bolaria and Li 1985; Frideres 1976). In Canada “hate messages take a variety of forms including flaming crosses, heckling at memorial services, music, and desecration of synagogues, mosques, or temples” (Commission for Racial Equality 1999, quoted in Kazarian 1998, 204). “In the winter of 1992, alone protestor at an Ontario university disrupted a Kristallnacht (night of broken glass) ceremony in memory of the 1938 attack by Nazi soldiers on Jewish homes and businesses” (Gillis 1993, quoted in Kazarian 1998, 204).
Obsesssion: Radical Islam’s War against the West and Shi’ism: Waiting for the Hidden Imam
Authors: Baum Steven K
Published: May 2019

Unique footage from Arab television documents interviews with clerics. It also reveals children being taught to hate Jews, Americans, and British citizens. The film draws legitimate parallels between Nazism and the fundamentalist version of Islam, and demonstrates the naivet´e of democratic nations confronted by both ideologies.
Preface
Authors: Shepard Jerri
Published: May 2019

There are many people who would rather not look at the issue of hate, and cannot understand why there is a need for an Institute for Action Against Hate. In the struggle to combat hate, it must be identified—and named for what it is—before it can be prevented. Gonzaga University’s Institute for Action Against Hate was founded in 1998 with the purpose of fighting hate through education, research, and advocacy. Its genesis derived from concerns surrounding the apparent increase in the phenomenon of hate—especially racial and religious hate—as it manifested itself on campuses and in communities throughout the country. The prevalence of hate crimes, organized hate groups, and hateful Internet sites prompted the University community to reflect on ways that Gonzaga—a Jesuit institution— might provide a more enduring and substantive contribution to the understand- ing of how hate afflicts campus life, community life, society in general, and the world. By providing resources and a framework for a new discipline known as “Hate Studies,” the Gonzaga Institute for Action Against Hate hopes to complement the important work of a variety of human rights organizations, conflict resolution groups, and educators in the United States and abroad.
Analisa Kritis Atas Motif Policy Community dalam Kolaborasi (Studi Kasus Kebijakan Pemindahan Pusat Pemerintahan Provinsi Lampung)
Authors: Mukhlis Maulana
Published: May 2019

Diskursus kontemporer menunjukkan bahwa collaborative governance (kolaborasi pemerintahan) merupakan strategi ideal dalam proses penyelenggaraan pemerintahan dan dinamika kebijakan publik. Beragam elemen penting yang melekat di dalamnya telah menjadikan pendekatan ini dipakai oleh banyak pemerintah daerah dalam menimplementasikan kebijakan dengan harapan mendapatkan hasil yang lebih baik. Provinsi Lampung menggunakan pendekatan collaborative governance dalam kebijakan pemindahan pusat pemerintahan sejak tahun 2007 namun ternyata terhenti di tengah jalan. Ironisnya, para aktor (policy community) yang sejak awal berkonsensus untuk berkolaborasi tidak melakukan reaksi apapun ketika salah satu pihak membatalkan konsensus itu. Teori collaborative governance yang oleh para pendukungnya digadang-gadang selalu berimplikasi positif terhadap keberhasilan sebuah kebijakan nyatanya tidak selalu benar. Analisis kritis dalam artikel ini menunjukkan bahwa para aktor (kolaborator), meskipun akhirnya berkonsensus terhadap tujuan bersama, sesungguhnya juga tetap memiliki motif tersembunyi (self-interest nya) masing-masing. Pendekatan rational choice akan mengawal riset ini untuk mengungkap motif kolaborasi dari para aktor sebagai policy community.
Aspek Tangibles Dalam Pelayanan Aksesibilitas Trotoar Jalan Bagi Penyandang Disabilitas Tunanetra Di Kota Bandung
Authors: Karniawati Nia
Published: May 2019

Penyediaan aksebilitas trotoar jalan bagi penyandang disabilitas merupakan salah satu tugas Pemerintah Kota Bandung dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat Kota Bandung. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada trotoar di Jalan Ir.H.Djuanda, yang dikenal juga dengan Jalan Dago. Jalan Ir.H.Djuanda merupakan salah satu icon Kota Bandung. Fokus penelitian ini pada aspek tangible dalam pelayanan yang telah dilakukan Pemerintah Kota Bandung dalam penyediaan akses trotoar jalan bagi penyandang disabilitas tuna netra.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kualitatif (qualitative research) dengan pendekatan case study dengan analisa deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemerintah Kota Bandung melakukan revitalisasi terhadap trotoar di Kota Bandung, termasuk trotoar di Jalan Ir. H.Djuanda pada tahun 2016. Namun revitalisasi ini tidak dilakukan pada seluruh trotoar Jalan Ir. H.Djuanda. revitalisasi difokuskan pada trotoar Jalan Ir.H.Djuanda mulai dari perempatan Jalan Ir.H.Djuanda-Jalan Dipati Ukur sampai dengan perempatan Jalan Ir.H.Djuanda-Jalan REE.Martadinata. Sedangkan trotoar Jalan Ir.H.Djuanda dari Terminal Dago sampai Pasar Simpang Dago tidak dilakukan revitalisasi, sehingga kondisinya memprihatinkan. Sedangkan untuk trotoar yang telah mengalami revitalisasi kondisinya sangat baik. Fasilitas yang tersedia sangat lengkap. Demikian pula dengan fasilitas aksebilitas trotoar bangi penyandang disabilitas tunanetra
Aspek Pembinaan Dalam Kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat Di Karang Taruna Desa Sukajaya Kecamatan Sukabumi Kabupaten Sukabumi
Authors: Redjo Samugyo Ibnu , Widanarto Agustinus , Muradi Muradi , Myrna Rita
Published: May 2019

Kegiatan ini merupakan hibah pengabdian kepada masyarakat internal Universitas Padjadjaran batch 2 tahun anggaran 2018. Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Desa Sukajaya, karena kegiatan dan keanggotaan Karang Taruna di Desa Sukajaya masih jauh dari ketentuan. Kegiatan ini menggunakan metode ceramah tentang pembinaan karang taruna, dengan khalayak sasaran yaitu para ketua RW, ketua RT, pengurus dan anggota karang taruna di Desa Sukajaya.Hasil kegiatan menunjukan bahwa bahwa para peserta belum memahami tentang apa itu Karang Taruna. Mereka kebanyakan pernah mendengar tentang apa itu Karang Taruna, tetapi apa saja kegiatan yang harus dilakukan baik oleh pengurus maupun anggota Karang Taruna, termasuk apa saja hak dan kewajiban termasuk tujuan diadakan Karang Taruna. Hal ini menjnjukan bahwa masyarakat  Desa Sukajaya belum memahami tentang apa itu Karang Taruna dan kegiatan yang sekarang dilakukan oleh Karang Taruna, belum fokus pada kegiatan apa yang seharusnya dilakukan sesuai dengan Keputusan Menteri Sosial No. 23 Tahun 2013 tentang Pembinaan Karang Taruna.
STRATEGI KOMUNIKASI PEMASARAN E-COMMERCE MELALUI WEBSITE KLIKHOTEL.COM
Authors: Fatimah Siti
Published: May 2019

This research are to analyse Communication Marketing Strategies (E-commerce) of Klikhotel.com (promotion strategy, to face the competition of e-bussines, problems happened and promotion strategy). The paradigm using is constructivism, qualitative approach is using in this research, the research design is case study. The subject and object of this research are the information keys from Klikhotel.com. The result of this research is to show that Klikhotel.com has promotion strategy which is done by online or oflline and Klikhotel.com has to compete with other OTA by having new ideas also innovation in already promotion strategy. Penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran (E-commerce) Klikhotel.com (komponen promosi, menghadapi kompetisi e-bussines, hambatan yang terjadi dan strategi promosi). Paradigma yang digunakan adalah konstruktivisme, pendekatan penelitiannya menggunakan metode kualitatif, desain penelitiannya yaitu studi kasus. Subjek dan Objek penelitiannya adalah key informan dari Klikhotel.com. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Klikhotel.com memiliki strategi promosi yang sudah dijalankan baik secara online maupun oflline dan Klikhotel.com harus mampu bersaing dengan para OTA lainnya dengan menghasilkan ide-ide baru serta inovasi dalam strategi promosi.
TAMAN ALUN-ALUN: PRODUKSI RUANG (SOSIAL) DAN KEPUBLIKAN
Authors: Adiprasetio Justito , Saputra Sandi Jaya
Published: May 2019

Since the beginning of revitalization, Taman Alun-alun Bandung is expected to be a public space where people can interact with each other and build a healthy social order. Public space when viewing on the concept of Juergen Habermas, is a space within which there is participation and plural public consolidation and across classes and social structures with an emancipatory agenda. This research is by ethnography method which seeks to examine how so far Taman Alun-alun Bandung carry out its function as a public space of Bandung city residents. This research uses two big concepts namely Public Space from Juergen Habermas and Production of Social Space from Henrik Lafebvre, seeks to describe how social production space and nuance of publicity in the Park Taman Alun-alun Bandung. In the praxis level Taman Alun-alun Bandung can not be said to successfully perform its function as a representational spaces for community participatory activities. Created public spaces become pseudo, considering the imprisonment it makes imagined publicity can fill Taman Alun-alun Bandung not achieved. Sejak awal revitalisasi, Taman Alun-alun Bandung diharapkan dapat menjadi ruang publik tempat di mana masyarakat dapat saling berinteraksi dan membangun tatanan sosial yang sehat. Ruang publik apabila menilik pada konsep Juergen Habermas, adalah ruang yang didalamnya terdapat partisipasi dan konsolidasi publik yang plural dan melintasi kelas serta struktur sosial dengan agenda emansipasi. Penelitian ini mengunakan metode etnografi, yang berupaya memeriksa bagaimana sejauh ini Taman Alun-alun Bandung menjalankan fungsinya sebagai ruang publik warga kota Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua konsep besar yaitu Ruang Publik dari Juergen Habermas dan Produksi Ruang Sosial dari Henrik Lefebvre, berupaya mendeskripsikan bagaimana ruang produksi sosial dan nuansa kepublikan di Taman Alun-alun Bandung. Dalam tataran praksis Taman Alun-alun Bandung tidak dapat dikatakan berhasil menjalankan fungsinya sebagai representational spaces bagi aktivitas partisipatif masyarakat. Ruang publik yang tercipta menjadi semu, mengingat keberjarakan tersebut membuat kepublikan yang dibayangkan dapat mengisi Taman Alun-alun Bandung tidak tercapai.
KEKERASAN KOMUNIKASI DALAM LINGKUNGAN YANG MULTIKULTURAL: PENERAPAN KONSEP (NVC) NONVIOLENT COMMUNICATIONS PADA BENTUK-BENTUK KEKERASAN KOMUNIKASI
Authors: Prakasa Sangra Juliano
Published: May 2019

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskrispsikan kekerasan komunikasi khususnya kekerasan verbal dalam lingkungan yang multikultural, serta mengidentifikasifaktor-faktor mengenai penyebab dan bentuk-bentuk kekerasan komunikasi itu sendiri serta mencoba memberikan gambaran bentuk penerapan konsep Non Violent Communication sebagai solusi praktis dari maraknya perilaku kekerasan komunikasi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui studi lapangan dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan bahwa kekerasan komunikasi merupakan bagian dari perilaku yang negatif yang dapat merugikan orang lain. Beragam kekerasan verbal yang terjadi dalam kehidupan sosial, didominasi oleh perilaku dari kelompok dominan terhadap kelompok minoritas. Kekerasan komunikasi menjadi perilaku negatif yang kurang disadari karena efek dan dampaknya yang tidak langsung dan wujudnya yang tidak kasat mata (dampak psikis). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa Bentuk-bentuk kekerasan komunikasi dapat dipicu dari tingginya perbedaan budaya diantara para peserta komunikasi, dan didukung oleh minimnya kesadaran berbahasa pada masyarakat. Seluruh lapisan masyarakat harus menyadari betapa pentingnya menggunakan komunikasi yang baik dan humanis seperti konsep yang ditawarkan oleh NVC, agar kita dapat mewariskan “komunikasi” yang jauh dari kekerasan kepada generasi berikutnya, Adapun saran yang dapat diberikan yaitu bahwa Kekerasan komunikasi dapat diminimalisir dengan cara meningkatkan kesadaran dan kesetaraan diri terhadap orang-orang disekeliling kita. NVC merupakan sebuah metode dan opsi solusi bukan obat mujarab yang dapat merubah perilaku secara instan, perlu kerja keras untuk memperoleh hasil yang diinginkan, agar kita dapat melakukan komunikasi yang lebih humanis.
RANCANGAN PENGEMBANGAN METODE PEMBELAJARAN MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF BAHASA INGGRIS MELALUI ADOBE FLASH UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Susilawati Erna
Published: May 2019

Bahasa Inggris merupakan bahasa internasional yang seharusnya dikuasai oleh setiap orang untuk memudahkan berkomunikasi dengan negara lain. Pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris yang dilakukan sejak dini sangat bagus untuk pengembangan skill siswa/siswi dalam berbahasa inggris. Namun hal tersebut kadang terbentur dengan masalah kerumitan grammar dalam belajar Bahasa inggris dimana bagi sebagian orang hal tersebut merupakan hal yang rumit dan membuat mereka kesulitan dalam memahami Bahasa inggris. Faktanya banyak siswa/i yang kemampuan berbahasa inggrisnya tidak berkembang sama sekali baik itu dari segi writing,reading, listening ataupun speaking. Berangkat dari masalah tersebut maka diperlukan suatu terobosan baru agar proses belajar mengajar berubah jadi menyenangkan sehingga siswa/siswi tertarik untuk mempelajari bahasa inggris. Untuk mewujudkan hal itu tentu diperlukan suatu tools yang dapat mengemas pelajaran Bahasa Inggris agar lebih menarik salah satunya yaitu dengan menggunakan suatu aplikasi multimeunakan menggunakan metode objek.dia interaktif untuk mempermudah dalam proses belajar mengajar melalui adobe flash. Dengan adobe flash ini pembelajaran Bahasa inggris dapat dilakukan melalui media audio,video, gambar dan memahami kosakata dalam Bahasa inggris dengan menggabungkan tulisan dengan gambar. Metode pendekatan sistem yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan berorientasi objek dengan alat bantu pemodelan menggunakan UML (Unified Modeling Language). Games,kuis dan materi yang dibuat akan disesuaikan dengan kelas mereka masing-masing sesuai dengan kurikulum yang berlaku. Dengan adanya metode pembelajaran melalui multimedia interaktif adobe flash ini diharapkan kemampuan Bahasa inggris siswa/i dapat meningkat dengan Fun English.Kata kunci: Reading, Listening, Writing, Adobe Flash Player CS6, Bahasa Inggris
APLIKASI PENERAPAN SYARIAT ISLAM PADA PEMBAGIAN HARTA WARIS BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Hardiyana Bella , Fahrana Egi
Published: May 2019

Penerapan Hukum Islam merupakan hal yang wajib diimplementasikan dalam semua aspek kehidupan. Termasuk diantaranya penerapan terhadap pembagian harta waris. Kemajuan teknologi komputer dan sistem operasi Android banyak membantu dan mempermudah kehidupan manusia, bahkan dalam hukum Islam. Besaran harta waris yang akan dibagi ialah harta waris setelah dikurangi pengurusan jenazah, hutang piutang, dan wasiat yang paling besar 1/3 dari jumlah harta. Hasil perhitungan adalah presentase bagi setiap ahli waris yang berhak mendapatkan harta waris berdasarkan bagiannya.Didalam aplikasi ini, pengguna atau user dapat menggunakan aplikasi dengan berbagai fasilitas yaitu Panduan/ materi dan dapat dibuka dimanapun, kapanpun, dan oleh siapa pun, perhitugan dengan sepesifikasi yang detil dan dapat di bagikan kepada calon ahli waris lain. Sistem pembagian harta waris menurut hukum dan syariat Islam ini dibangun dengan berbasiskan Android.Adanya aplikasi ini dapat membantu warga Indonesia yang beragama Islam dalam perhitungan pembagian harta waris. User dapat mendapatkan informasi yang benar, tepat dan akurat tentang hal-hal yang meliputi tuntunan, materi harta waris.
SISTEM INFORMASI PENDISTRIBUSIAN LOGISTIK KENDARAAN RODA DUA DAN PERLENGKAPAN DI JAJARAN POLDA JABAR
Authors: Sulastri Nur Asri , Fadillah Annisa Paramitha
Published: May 2019

Biro Sarpras adalah pelaksana di tingkat Polda Jabar yang bertugas menyelenggarakan pembinaan logistik yang meliputi pembinaan fasilitas, materil dan jasa dilingkungan Polda Jawa Barat. Salah satu informasi yang penting di Biro Sarpras adalah informasi pendistribusian logistik kendaraan roda dua dan perlengkapan untuk anggota polisi. Pendistribusian dilakukan dari Polda Jawa Barat ke seluruh Polres yang ada di Jawa Barat. Sistem pendataan pendistribusian logistik yang ada di Biro Sarana dan Prasarana belum saling terintegrasi dan masih memanfaatkan aplikasi lembar kerja sehingga kurang efektif dan efisien dalam proses pengelolaan pendistribusian kendaraan roda dua, perlengkapan dan pengelolaan laporan. Observasi langsung ke instansi terkait dilakukanya dengan metode pengumpulan data, guna untuk menganalisis data yang dibutuhkan dan menghasilkan sebuah kesimpulan. Implementasi sistem memanfaatkan MySQL sebagai database-nya dan PHP sebagai bahasa pemrograman. Sistem yang dihasilkan diuji dengan metode Black Box Testing. Hasil dari penelitian adalah sebuah aplikasi sistem informasi pendistribusian logistik kendaraan roda dua dan perlengkapan berbasis web.