bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic analysis of torus involute gear including transient elastohydrodynamic effects
Authors: Liu Lei , Tan Jingwen
Published: November 2016

The torus involute gear can compensate large axial misalignments and may possess good meshing characteristics without lead correction. In order to study its dynamic characteristics and verify its feasibility of the practical application, a new efficient rigid-elastic coupling dynamic model of multi-tooth is established which includes effects of lubrication oil film and tooth deformations directly in contact simulation of gears. In this model, each tooth is connected with the gearwheel by a rotatable spring-damper element whose stiffness is calculated through analysis of tooth deformation. The normal tooth contact force is determined via Lankarani and Nikravesh model. Variation of contact stiffness and rotatable spring stiffness with contact points are both taken into account. Combined with tooth contact analysis, the computation of friction coefficient is implemented with high efficiency by introducing the average lubrication oil film height. A three-dimension multi-body model of a torus involute gear pair is employed and verified by an impact experiment. The simulated results provide useful information about tooth impacts, dynamic transmission error and lubrication conditions like oil film heights and friction coefficients, and show that this type of gear can work with good meshing characteristics. The contributions in this paper lay theoretical basis for the application of the torus involute gear.
Risk of Cerebral Embolization with Caseous Calcification of the Mitral Annulus: Review Article
Authors: Dietl Charles A. , Hawthorn Christopher M. , Raizada Veena
Published: November 2016

Background:

Caseous calcification of the mitral annulus (CCMA) is believed to have a benign prognosis. Several authors have recommended conservative management in asymptomatic patients. However, the prevalence of cerebrovascular events (CVE) in patients with CCMA has never been evaluated before. The aims of this study are to investigate whether patients with CCMA are at increased risk of cerebral embolization, and to determine whether elective surgical resection of CCMA should be considered to prevent a cardioembolic stroke.

Methods:

A comprehensive literature search was obtained from MEDLINEviaPubMed.gov, ScienceDirect.com, and Google Scholar using the following search queries: caseous calcification of the mitral annulus, intracardiac pseudotumor, mitral annular calcification, and cardioembolic stroke.

Results:

From our initial search that yielded 1,502 articles, we identified a total of 130 patients with CCMA reported in 86 publications. Literature review revealed that the prevalence of CVE associated with CCMA is 19.2% (25 of 130) which is significantly higher than the prevalence of CVE reported with mitral annular calcification (MAC), 11.8% (214 of 1818) (range 4.8% to 24.1%) (P= 0.01796) (odds ratio = 1.78; 0.95 confidence interval = 1.1278 – 2.8239). Only four of 25 (16.0%) patients with CCMA who suffered a CVE had history of atrial fibrillation (AF).

Conclusion:

Based on our review, it would be reasonable to consider elective surgical resection of CCMA in asymptomatic patients who are good surgical candidates, because patients with CCMA may be at increased risk of embolic strokes, which are unrelated to AF.
The Use of DNA Microsatellite Markers for Genetic Diversity Identifi cation of Soybean (Glycine max (L) Meriil.) as a Supplementary Method in Reference Collections Management
Authors: Widaningsih Nina Agusti , Purwanto Edi , Nandariyah N. , Reflinur R.
Published: November 2016

Large number of new soybean varieties are mostly derived from crosses of elite genotypes resulted ina narrowing of both the genetic diversity and the phylogenetic relationship between soybean varieties. Thus,discrimination among soybean varieties is becoming more diffi cult, especially when morphological traits wereapplied. In Plant Variety Protection (PVP) system, new varieties of soybeans including granted PVP right, localand breeding varieties registered in PVP offi ce were frequently increased, implicate on increasingly the numberof soybean varieties collections. To assist the management of varieties collections, a standard fi ngerprinting datais further needed. In comparison to the management of plant collection in the fi eld, molecular marker systemswhich are rapid, reliable, informative and relatively simple are continually sought for practical applications ingermplasm conservation, management and enhancement. This study aimed to identify the genetic diversity andphylogenetic relationship of soybean varieties that have earned PVP Right as well as local varieties and breedingvarieties registered in the PVP offi ce using microsatellite or simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers.This study was conducted in Molecular Biology laboratory, Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnologyand Genetic Resources Research and Development (ICABIOGRAD) Bogor, from February to May 2013. The datawere analyzed using the genetic analysis package NTSYSpc 2.02i and PowerMarker V3.25. The result showed arelatively narrow genetic diversity among 45 varieties of soybean analyzed in present study which were indicatedby the small number of genotypes and total number of alleles (NA), and the low value of gene diversity and PICvalues (<0.75). Cluster analysis showed that the grouping varieties are not related to morphological characters butrelated to phylogeny relationship between varieties. Despite the group of varieties were not clustered in accordancewith morphological characteristics, SSR marker can be a powerful tool for discriminating varieties, so that it couldbe useful for initial varieties identity in conjunction with genetic diversity analysis.
POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN KARET MELALUI PENGUSAHAAN HUTAN TANAMAN INDUSTRI
Authors: Nugroho Priyo Adi
Published: November 2016

Tingginya minat investor untuk mengusahakan komoditas karet tidak diimbangi dengan ketersediaan lahan di wilayah tradisional karet. Selain di areal HGU, pengusahaan tanaman karet berpeluang untuk dilakukan pada areal-areal dengan status kawasan hutan yang diakomodasi dalam Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI). Sebagai salah satu tanaman kehutanan, karet mempunyai keunggulan di antaranya sebagai penghasil kayu, penambat CO2 dan penghasil O2, serta sebagai tanaman konservasi. Selain itu, pengembangan perkebunan karet pada areal-areal HTI yang berhimpitan dengan pemukiman masyarakat juga dapat dijadikan alternatif untuk mencegah konflik  antara perusahaan dengan masyarakat sekitar. Namun demikian untuk pengembangan agribisnis karet di areal HTI perlu dipertimbangkan beberapa hal terutama terkait dengan kelayakan lahan yang akan diusahakan, kesesuaian klon yang akan digunakan dan kultur teknis yang diterapkan, serta ketersediaan tenaga kerja setempat.
APLIKASI PENGINDERAAN JAUH UNTUK MENDUKUNG SISTEM MANAJEMEN LAHAN PERKEBUNAN YANG BERKELANJUTAN DI PERKEBUNAN KARET
Authors: Susetyo Imam , Setiono Setiono
Published: November 2016

Karet merupakan salah satu komoditi perkebunan yang cukup menjajikan hingga 20 -30 tahun mendatang. Permasahan perkebunan karet di Indonesia terkait sumberdaya lahan memerlukan input teknologi yang efektif dan efisien. Hal itu harus terus diupayakan untuk menjaga keberlanjutan produksi. Teknologi pengeinderaan jauh merupakan salah satu input yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengambil keputusan untuk memutuskan masalah secara spasial dan bersifat cepat, akurat, dan dinamis. Pemanfaatan teknologi penginderaan sebagai salah satu decision support system (DSS) belum banyak diaplikasikan di perkebunan karet di Indonesia. Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi penginderaan jauh dengan menggunakan citra satelit dan foto udara di bidang agronomi, tanah, dan penyakit tanaman pertanian dan perkebunan menunjukkan hasil yang cukup baik. Pembuatan sistem informasi perkebunan yang mengintegrasikan data penginderaan jauh, data survei lapangan secara temporal dengan sistem informasi geografis (SIG) merupakan suatu cara untuk mengelola lahan perkebunan secara utuh.
Finger and foot tapping sensor system for objective motor assessment
Authors: Djuric-Jovicic Milica , Jovicic Nenad , Radovanovic Sasa , Jecmenica-Lukic Milica , Belic Minja , Popovic Mirjana , Kostic Vladimir
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim. Finger tapping test is commonly used in neurological examinations as a test of motor performance. The new system comprising inertial and force sensors and custom proprietary software was developed for quantitative estimation and assessment of finger and foot tapping tests. The aim of this system was to provide diagnosis support and objective assessment of motor function. Methods. Miniature inertial sensors were placed on fingertips and used for measuring finger movements. A force sensor was placed on the fingertip of one finger, in order to measure the force during tapping. For foot tapping assessment, an inertial sensor was mounted on the subject?s foot, which was placed above a force platform. By using this system, various parameters such as a number of taps, tapping duration, rhythm, open and close speed, the applied force and tapping angle, can be extracted for detailed analysis of a patient?s motor performance. The system was tested on 13 patients with Parkinson?s disease and 14 healthy controls. Results. The system allowed easy measurement of listed parameters, and additional graphical representation showed quantitative differences in these parameters between neurological patient and healthy subjects. Conclusion. The novel system for finger and foot tapping test is compact, simple to use and efficiently collects patient data. Parameters measured in patients can be compared to those measured in healthy subjects, or among groups of patients, or used to monitor progress of the disease, or therapy effects. Created data and scores could be used together with the scores from clinical tests, providing the possibility for better insight into the diagnosis.
Oral health-related quality of life among Belgrade adolescents
Authors: Gajic Milica , Lalic Maja , Kalevski Katarina , Marjanovic Marjan
Published: November 2016

Background/Aim. Adolescents are vulnerable group in term of acquisition of oral health-related knowledge, habits and attitudes. That is why the aim of this study was to investigate the associations between dental status, dental anxiety and oral health-related behavior and oral healthrelated quality of life as captured by Oral Impacts on Daily Performances (OIDP) index. Methods. This crosssectional survey included representative sample of 404 adolescents (15 years old), randomly recruited from high schools in Belgrade, Serbia. The adolescents were interviewed using Serbian versions of eight-item OIDP index, Hiroshima University Dental Behavior Inventory (HUDBI) and modified Corah?s Dental Anxiety Scale (MDAS). Three previously trained and calibrated dentists examined the subjects in the classrooms to determine the oral health status of adolescents [the Decayed, missing, filled teeth (DMFT) index and visual signs of gingivitis]. Results. At least one oral impact was reported in 49.50% of adolescents. Most frequently, oral health problems affected eating (26.73%), tooth cleaning (27.47%) and sleep and relaxation (16.83%). In comparison with adolescents without oral impacts, the adolescents with at least one oral impact reported, had higher DMFT score, more often reported problems with bleeding gums, usage of hard toothbrush, worries about the color of their teeth and seeing the dentist because of the symptoms. Logistic regression showed that dental anxiety (MDAS score), dental behavior (HUDBI score) and worrying about the color of the teeth significantly affected OIDP score. Conclusion. Oral healthrelated quality of life among adolescents was affected by their behavior and dental anxiety levels. Implementing public health policies that target adolescents with poor oral health or bad habits might be helpful in improving their oral health-related quality of life.
Adherence and Systemic Reaction Rates to Allergy Immunotherapy among Veterans
Authors: Ellenburg Joseph T. , Lieberman Jay A. , Pattanaik Debendra
Published: November 2016

Background

Although allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is effective and safe, nonadherence is common. Limited data exist regarding adherence to ATT, factors that affect adherence, and systemic reactions associated with ATT among veteran populations.

Objective

To evaluate adherence to AIT and the prevalence of reactions secondary to AIT among patients at the Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Memphis, Tennessee.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed of veterans who received AIT at a single Veterans Affairs facility. Age, race, sex, the total number of shots, travel distance, a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and the number of severe adverse reactions were compared between the veterans who were adherent and veterans who were nonadherent.

Results

The overall adherence rate was 60.9%. Factors associated with adherence were a chart diagnosis of PTSD (293% [adherent group] versus 13.6% [nonadherent group]; p = 0.03) and home residence being a further distance from the facility (21.9 miles / 35.2 kilometers [adherent group] versus 18.0 miles/28.9 kilometers [nonadherentgroup]; p = 0.03). Patients who were adherent received an average of more total injections compared with patients who were nonadherent. Age, sex, race, and history of systemic reactions during AIT displayed no statistically significant differences between the groups. There were a total of 20 systemic reactions, and the systemic reaction rate was 0.2% per AIT encounter and 0.1% per injection.

Conclusion

AIT adherence and systemic reaction rates among veterans at our facility was comparable with similar studies. Adherence was associated with a chart diagnosis of PTSD and home residence that was further away from the clinic.
Synthesis of 4-aryl-7-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrano[3,4-e][1,3]oxazine-2,5-dione in Aqueous Media
Authors: Abdollahi–Irandegan Allahbakhsh , Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: November 2016

A novel method for oxazine ring formation is established using the reaction of 4-hydroxy-6-methyl-2H-pyran-2-one and aromatic aldehydes with methyl carbamate in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid (p-TSA) in aqueous media to afford 4-aryl-7-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrano[3,4-e][1,3]oxazine-2,5-dione in excellent yields. The present method does not involve any hazardous organic solvents and could therefore be considered a green process.
Pesticide residue in fishes from Rangpur
Authors: Zaman Maria , Sultana Nasim , Husain Mozaffar , Naser M Niamul
Published: November 2016

Pesticide residues, specially the persistent organic pollutant (POP) were analyzed from some fish species of Rangpur floodplain, Bangladesh. Fish samples were extracted with ethyl acetate, cleaned by sulphuric acid and analyzed by gas chromatograph and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. Presence of endrin was detected in Taki fish (Channa punctatus) samples. Traces of other pesticides were also evident. This confirms the use of banned pesticide in the northwestern Bangladesh. We discussed some consequences of public health issues if these contaminantspasses through in the higher food chain from the wetland ecosystem.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 1-8, 2016
Livelihood status of fishers of the Padma river, Sreenagar, Munshiganj
Authors: Shill S , Sarker A , Asaduzzaman M , Latifa GA , Podder SC , Obaida MA
Published: November 2016

Data were collected by using well structured questionnaire. Age group of 31- 40 years was the highest (40%) in Bhagyakul whereas in Mandra the highest was 41 - 50 years (40%). The maximum fishermen (80%) were Hindu in Bhagyakul while higher percentage of Muslim fishermen (88) was found in Mandra. Education status of this community was very poor, 14% totally illiterate, 24% can sign only, 20% got primary education, and the rest 22% got secondary and higher secondary education, and no graduate. The majority (58%) of the respondents had Kacha, 18% had half-concrete, 10% had tinshed and only 2% had concrete house. About 46% of the fishermen got their health service from village doctor/Kobiraj, remaining people went to upazila health complex (18%), district hospital (14%), and MBBS doctor (20%), but a few people do not get any treatment (2%) due to lack of money. About 18% fishermen had Pakka toilet, 30% had semi-Pakka, 46% had Kacha toilet and rest of 12% had no sanitary facility. The annual income of fishermen in the study area varied from BDT 66,000 - 1,05,000. The fishermen received loan from different national and local NGOs for buying fishing gears and boats.Bangladesh J. Zool. 44(1): 41-50, 2016
What We Know about the Public’s Level of Concern for Farm Animal Welfare in Food Production in Developed Countries
Authors: Cornish Amelia , Raubenheimer David , McGreevy Paul
Published: November 2016

Population growth and rising consumption of meat, dairy, eggs and fish are forcing the world to face the intersecting challenges of how to sustainably feed a population expected to exceed 9 billion by 2050, while also controlling the impact of food production on the planet, on people and on animals. This review acknowledges the absence of a globally accepted definition of animal welfare and then explores the literature regarding different levels of concern for animal welfare in food production by such stakeholders as veterinarians, farmers, and the general public. It focuses on the evidence that the general public’s level of concern for animal welfare is linked to various demographic and personal characteristics, such as age, gender, religion, location, meat eating, and knowledge of animal welfare. Certain animals have characteristics that influence concern for their welfare, with those species that are considered more intelligent being afforded more concern. There is compelling evidence that the general public’s understanding of animal welfare in food production is poor. Acknowledging that public concern can be a driving force to change current production methods, the authors suggest widespread consciousness raising to redefine socially acceptable methods of food production from animals and to ensure that it remains in step with societal concerns.
Selection of Breeding Stock among Australian Purebred Dog Breeders, with Particular Emphasis on the Dam
Authors: Czerwinski Veronika , McArthur Michelle , Smith Bradley , Hynd Philip , Hazel Susan
Published: November 2016

Every year, thousands of purebred domestic dogs are bred by registered dog breeders. Yet, little is known about the rearing environment of these dogs, or the attitudes and priorities surrounding breeding practices of these dog breeders. The objective of this study was to explore some of the factors that dog breeders consider important for stock selection, with a particular emphasis on issues relating to the dam. Two-hundred and seventy-four Australian purebred dog breeders, covering 91 breeds across all Australian National Kennel Club breed groups, completed an online survey relating to breeding practices. Most breeders surveyed (76%) reported specialising in one breed of dog, the median number of dogs and bitches per breeder was two and three respectively, and most breeders bred two litters or less a year. We identified four components, relating to the dam, that were considered important to breeders. These were defined as Maternal Care, Offspring Potential, Dam Temperament, and Dam Genetics and Health. Overall, differences were observed in attitudes and beliefs across these components, showing that there is variation according to breed/breed groups. In particular, the importance of Maternal Care varied according to dog breed group. Breeders of brachycephalic breeds tended to differ the most in relation to Offspring Potential and Dam Genetics and Health. The number of breeding dogs/bitches influenced breeding priority, especially in relation to Dam Temperament, however no effect was found relating to the number of puppies bred each year. Only 24% of breeders used their own sire for breeding. The finding that some breeders did not test for diseases relevant to their breed, such as hip dysplasia in Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds, provides important information on the need to educate some breeders, and also buyers of purebred puppies, that screening for significant diseases should occur. Further research into the selection of breeding dams and sires will inform future strategies to improve the health and behaviour of our best friend.
Compact Aberration-Free Relay-Imaging Multi-Pass Layouts for High-Energy Laser Amplifiers
Authors: Körner Jörg , Hein Joachim , Kaluza Malte
Published: November 2016

We present the results from a theoretical investigation of laser beam propagation in relay imaging multi-pass layouts, which recently found application in high-energy laser amplifiers. Using a method based on the well-known ABCD-matrix formalism and proven by ray tracing, it was possible to derive a categorization of such systems. Furthermore, basic rules for the setup of such systems and the compensation for low order aberrations are derived. Due to the introduced generalization and parametrization, the presented results can immediately be applied to any system of the investigated kinds for a wide range of parameters, such as number of round-trips, focal lengths and optics sizes. It is shown that appropriate setups allow a close-to-perfect compensation of defocus caused by a thermal lens and astigmatism caused by non-normal incidence on the imaging optics, as well. Both are important to avoid intensity spikes leading to damages of optics in multi-pass laser amplifiers.
Energy-Efficient On–Off Power Control of Femto-Cell Base Stations for Cooperative Cellular Networks
Authors: Lee Woongsup , Jung Bang
Published: November 2016

Improving energy efficiency (EE) of mobile communication systems (MCSs) has been considered a key aim in recent years, and has been the subject of intense research interest. One of the simplest yet most powerful ways to increase the EE is to turn off redundant communication entities whose operation does not greatly affect the overall performance of the MCS. In this paper, we propose a novel on–off power control scheme for femto-cell base stations (FBSs) considering cooperative transmission in which multiple FBSs collaborate on the same data transmission. In the proposed scheme, the operation of the redundant FBSs is halted in an adaptive manner. For the proper determination of redundant FBSs with low computational complexity, we propose using the level of contribution (LOC), which specifies the importance of a given FBS in the cooperative transmission. Redundant FBSs are chosen based on their LOC value, and these FBSs are turned off in order to reduce the power consumption of MCSs while minimizing the degradation of the overall throughput of cooperative transmissions. The performance of the proposed scheme is verified through extensive simulations, which shows that near-optimal performance can be achieved without excessive computations.
Longitudinal Stretching for Maturation of Vascular Tissues Using Magnetic Forces
Authors: Olsen Timothy , Casco Megan , Herbst Austin , Evans Grace , Rothermel Taylor , Pruett Lauren , Reid Jared , Barry Kelly , Jaeggli Michael , Simionescu Dan , Visconti Richard , Alexis Frank
Published: November 2016

Cellular spheroids were studied to determine their use as “bioinks” in the biofabrication of tissue engineered constructs. Specifically, magnetic forces were used to mediate the cyclic longitudinal stretching of tissues composed of Janus magnetic cellular spheroids (JMCSs), as part of a post-processing method for enhancing the deposition and mechanical properties of an extracellular matrix (ECM). The purpose was to accelerate the conventional tissue maturation process via novel post-processing techniques that accelerate the functional, structural, and mechanical mimicking of native tissues. The results of a forty-day study of JMCSs indicated an expression of collagen I, collagen IV, elastin, and fibronectin, which are important vascular ECM proteins. Most notably, the subsequent exposure of fused tissue sheets composed of JMCSs to magnetic forces did not hinder the production of these key proteins. Quantitative results demonstrate that cyclic longitudinal stretching of the tissue sheets mediated by these magnetic forces increased the Young’s modulus and induced collagen fiber alignment over a seven day period, when compared to statically conditioned controls. Specifically, the elastin and collagen content of these dynamically-conditioned sheets were 35- and three-fold greater, respectively, at seven days compared to the statically-conditioned controls at three days. These findings indicate the potential of using magnetic forces in tissue maturation, specifically through the cyclic longitudinal stretching of tissues.
Microbial Enzyme Production Using Lignocellulosic Food Industry Wastes as Feedstock: A Review
Authors: Ravindran Rajeev , Jaiswal Amit
Published: November 2016

Enzymes are of great importance in the industry due to their substrate and product specificity, moderate reaction conditions, minimal by-product formation and high yield. They are important ingredients in several products and production processes. Up to 30% of the total production cost of enzymes is attributed to the raw materials costs. The food industry expels copious amounts of processing waste annually, which is mostly lignocellulosic in nature. Upon proper treatment, lignocellulose can replace conventional carbon sources in media preparations for industrial microbial processes, such as enzyme production. However, wild strains of microorganisms that produce industrially important enzymes show low yield and cannot thrive on artificial substrates. The application of recombinant DNA technology and metabolic engineering has enabled researchers to develop superior strains that can not only withstand harsh environmental conditions within a bioreactor but also ensure timely delivery of optimal results. This article gives an overview of the current complications encountered in enzyme production and how accumulating food processing waste can emerge as an environment-friendly and economically feasible solution for a choice of raw material. It also substantiates the latest techniques that have emerged in enzyme purification and recovery over the past four years.
A Clinical Pilot Study of Individual and Group Treatment for Adolescents with Chronic Pain and Their Parents: Effects of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Functioning
Authors: Kanstrup Marie , Wicksell Rikard , Kemani Mike , Wiwe Lipsker Camilla , Lekander Mats , Holmström Linda
Published: November 2016

Pediatric chronic pain is common and can result in substantial long-term disability. Previous studies on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) have shown promising results in improving functioning in affected children, but more research is still urgently needed. In the current clinical pilot study, we evaluated an ACT-based interdisciplinary outpatient intervention (14 sessions), including a parent support program (four sessions). Adolescents were referred to the clinic if they experienced disabling chronic pain. They were then randomized, along with their parents, to receive group (n = 12) or individual (n = 18) treatment. Adolescent pain interference, pain reactivity, depression, functional disability, pain intensity and psychological flexibility, along with parent anxiety, depression, pain reactivity and psychological flexibility were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. There were no significant differences in outcomes between individual and group treatment. Analyses illustrated significant (p < 0.01) improvements (medium to large effects) in pain interference, depression, pain reactivity and psychological flexibility post-treatment. Additionally, analyses showed significant (p < 0.01) improvements (large effects) in parent pain reactivity and psychological flexibility post-treatment. On all significant outcomes, clinically-significant changes were observed for 21%–63% of the adolescents across the different outcome measures and in 54%–76% of the parents. These results support previous findings and thus warrant the need for larger, randomized clinical trials evaluating the relative utility of individual and group treatment and the effects of parental interventions.
Development of Mirror Coatings for Gravitational Wave Detectors
Authors: Reid Stuart , Martin Iain
Published: November 2016

The first detections of gravitational waves, GW150914 and GW151226, were associated with the coalescence of stellar mass black holes, heralding the opening of an entirely new way to observe the Universe. Many decades of development were invested to achieve the sensitivities required to observe gravitational waves, with peak strains associated with GW150914 at the level of 10−21. Gravitational wave detectors currently operate as modified Michelson interferometers, where thermal noise associated with the highly reflective mirror coatings sets a critical limit to the sensitivity of current and future instruments. This article presents an overview of the mirror coating development relevant to gravitational wave detection and the prospective for future developments in the field.
The Effect of Exercise on Salivary Viscosity
Authors: Ligtenberg Antoon , Liem Erwin , Brand Henk , Veerman Enno
Published: November 2016

A common experience after exercise is the presence of a thick and sticky saliva layer on the oral surfaces, which causes a feeling of a dry mouth. Since the salivary mucin MUC5B is responsible for the visco-elastic behavior of saliva, in the present study we explored the effect of exercise on both the salivary viscosity and the secretion of MUC5B in saliva. Twenty healthy dental students performed an aerobic exercise by cycling for 15 min on cycle-ergometers at a heart rate of 130–140 beats per minute. Saliva was collected at three time points: before exercise, immediately after exercise and after 30 min recovery. Salivary flow rate, viscosity, amylase activity, total protein, carbohydrate and MUC5B concentration were determined. Salivary flow rate, protein and amylase did not change significantly. Immediately after exercise, the salivary viscosity and carbohydrate concentration were significantly higher than at baseline and after 30 min recovery. Immediately after exercise, the MUC5B concentration was significantly higher than after 30 min recovery. It is concluded that the presence of thick saliva after exercise is at least partially due to an increased secretion of MUC5B.
Thermodynamics of Noncommutative Quantum Kerr Black Holes
Authors: Escamilla-Herrera Lenin , Mena-Barboza Eri , Torres-Arenas José
Published: November 2016

The thermodynamic formalism for rotating black holes, characterized by noncommutative and quantum corrections, is constructed. From a fundamental thermodynamic relation, the equations of state and thermodynamic response functions are explicitly given, and the effect of noncommutativity and quantum correction is discussed. It is shown that the well-known divergence exhibited in specific heat is not removed by any of these corrections. However, regions of thermodynamic stability are affected by noncommutativity, increasing the available states for which some thermodynamic stability conditions are satisfied.
Robust Unit Commitment Including Frequency Stability Constraints
Authors: Pérez-Illanes Felipe , Álvarez-Miranda Eduardo , Rahmann Claudia , Campos-Valdés Camilo
Published: November 2016

An increased use of variable generation technologies such as wind power and photovoltaic generation can have important effects on system frequency performance during normal operation as well as contingencies. The main reasons are the operational principles and inherent characteristics of these power plants like operation at maximum power point and no inertial response during power system imbalances. This has led to new challenges for Transmission System Operators in terms of ensuring system security during contingencies. In this context, this paper proposes a Robust Unit Commitment including a set of additional frequency stability constraints. To do this, a simplified dynamic model of the initial system frequency response is used in combination with historical frequency nadir data during contingencies. The proposed approach is especially suitable for power systems with cost-based economic dispatch like those in most Latin American countries. The study is done considering the Northern Interconnected System of Chile, a 50-Hz medium size isolated power system. The results obtained were validated by means of dynamic simulations of different system contingencies.
A Rapid Physical Habitat Assessment of Wadeable Streams for Mixed-Land-Use Watersheds
Authors: Hooper Lynne , Hubbart Jason
Published: November 2016

Mitigating stream and river impairment is complex, particularly in mixed-land-use watersheds given the likelihood of integrated responses of stream restoration to coupled and ongoing terrestrial ecosystem disturbance and the need for periodic reassessment and maintenance. Traditional biological sampling (e.g., macroinvertebrate sampling or other biological indices) alone seldom identifies the cause of biological community impairment and large fiscal investments are often made with no apparent improvement to aquatic ecosystem health. A stream physical habitat assessment (PHA) can yield information that, when paired with land-use data may reveal causal patterns in aquatic physical habitat degradation and help to identify sites for rehabilitation or restoration. A rapid and customizable physical habitat assessment method (rPHA) is presented that reduces commonly high PHA time and labor costs while facilitating informative value. Sampling time is reduced to approximately 30–40 min per survey site with a crew of three individuals. The method is flexible and thus adaptable to varied applications and needs. The rPHA design facilitates replication at regular spatial and temporal intervals thereby informing land-use managers and agencies of current conditions and trends in habitat response to natural and anthropogenic stressors. The rPHA outcomes can thus provide science-based supplemental information to better inform management practices and stream restoration decisions in contemporary mixed-land-use watersheds.
The Association between Arrhythmia and Helicobacter pylori Infection: A Meta-Analysis of Case-Control Studies
Authors: Yan Jin , She Qiang , Zhang Yifeng , Cui Chang , Zhang Guoxin
Published: November 2016

Arrhythmia is a common disease around the world and Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a bacterium infecting 28% to 84% of subjects, depending on the population tested. However, the implication of H. pylori in cardiac arrhythmia is poorly understood. We performed this meta-analysis with an aim to identify the association between arrhythmia and H. pylori. We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library databases to select studies on the association between arrhythmia and H. pylori. In the arrhythmia group, 392 (58.1%) were H. pylori-positive and in the control group 640 (47.8%) were H. pylori-positive. Compared to the controls, the infection rate of H. pylori was higher in patients with arrhythmia than in controls (odds ratio (OR) = 1.797, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.081–2.988, p < 0.05). Subgroup analysis indicated that H. pylori infection was a risk factor for atrial fibrillation in Asia and Africa. Therefore, a correlation between H. pylori infection and arrhythmia may exist and H. pylori eradication may decrease the occurrence of arrhythmia, especially in Asia and Africa.
An Overview of Hardware for Protein Crystallization in a Magnetic Field
Authors: Yan Er-Kai , Zhang Chen-Yan , He Jin , Yin Da-Chuan
Published: November 2016

Protein crystallization under a magnetic field is an interesting research topic because a magnetic field may provide a special environment to acquire improved quality protein crystals. Because high-quality protein crystals are very useful in high-resolution structure determination using diffraction techniques (X-ray, neutron, and electron diffraction), research using magnetic fields in protein crystallization has attracted substantial interest; some studies have been performed in the past two decades. In this research field, the hardware is especially essential for successful studies because the environment is special and the design and utilization of the research apparatus in such an environment requires special considerations related to the magnetic field. This paper reviews the hardware for protein crystallization (including the magnet systems and the apparatus designed for use in a magnetic field) and progress in this area. Future prospects in this field will also be discussed.
miR-30e-5p and miR-15a Synergistically Regulate Fatty Acid Metabolism in Goat Mammary Epithelial Cells via LRP6 and YAP1
Authors: Chen Zhi , Qiu Huiling , Ma Liuan , Luo Jun , Sun Shuang , Kang Kang , Gou Deming , Loor Juan
Published: November 2016

MicroRNA (miRNA) regulates the expression of genes and influences a series of biological processes, including fatty acid metabolism. We screened the expression of miRNA in goat mammary glands during peak-lactation and non-lactating (“dry”) periods, and performed an in vitro study with goat mammary epithelial cells (GMEC) prior to sequencing analysis. Results illustrated that miR-30e-5p and miR-15a were highly expressed. Utilizing a luciferase reporter assay and Western blot, low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 6 (LRP6) and Yes associated protein 1 (YAP1) genes were demonstrated to be a target of miR-30e-5p and miR-15a in GMEC. Moreover, we demonstrated that the overexpression of miR-30e-5p and miR-15a in GMEC promoted fat metabolism while their knockdown impaired fat metabolism. These findings extend the discovery of a key role of miR-30e-5p and miR-15a in mediating adipocyte differentiation by suggesting a role in promoting milk fat synthesis. In conclusion, our findings indicate that miR-30e-5p, together with miR-15a, represses expression of LRP6 and promotes fat metabolism in GMEC. The data expanded our knowledge on the function of miRNAs in milk fat metabolism and synthesis in ruminant mammary cells.
Enhanced Production of Anthraquinones and Phenolic Compounds and Biological Activities in the Cell Suspension Cultures of Polygonum multiflorum
Authors: Thiruvengadam Muthu , Rekha Kaliyaperumal , Rajakumar Govindasamy , Lee Taek-Jun , Kim Seung-Hyun , Chung Ill-Min
Published: November 2016

Anthraquinones (AQs) and phenolic compounds are important phytochemicals that are biosynthesized in cell suspension cultures of Polygonum multiflorum. We wanted to optimize the effects of plant growth regulators (PGRs), media, sucrose, l-glutamine, jasmonic acid (JA), and salicylic acid (SA) for the production of phytochemicals and biomass accumulation in a cell suspension culture of P. multiflorum. The medium containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts and 4% sucrose supplemented with 1 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.5 mg/L thidiazuron, and 100 µM l-glutamine at 28 days of cell suspension culture was suitable for biomass accumulation and AQ production. Maximum biomass accumulation (12.5 and 12.35 g fresh mass (FM); 3 and 2.93 g dry mass (DM)) and AQ production (emodin 295.20 and 282 mg/g DM; physcion 421.55 and 410.25 mg/g DM) were observed using 100 µM JA and SA, respectively. JA- and SA-elicited cell cultures showed several-fold higher biomass accumulation and AQ production than the control cell cultures. Furthermore, the cell suspension cultures effectively produced 23 phenolic compounds, such as flavonols and hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid derivatives. PGR-, JA-, and SA-elicited cell cultures produced a higher amount of AQs and phenolic compounds. Because of these metabolic changes, the antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities were high in the PGR-, JA-, and SA-elicited cell cultures. The results showed that the elicitors (JA and SA) induced the enhancement of biomass accumulation and phytochemical (AQs and phenolic compounds) production as well as biological activities in the cell suspension cultures of P. multiflorum. This optimized protocol can be developed for large-scale biomass accumulation and production of phytochemicals (AQs and phenolic compounds) from cell suspension cultures, and the phytochemicals can be used for various biological activities.
Letter to the Editor: “Analysis of the Interaction of Dp44mT with Human Serum Albumin and Calf Thymus DNA Using Molecular Docking and Spectroscopic Techniques”
Authors: Merlot Angelica , Sahni Sumit , Lane Darius , Richardson Vera , Huang Michael , Kalinowski Danuta , Richardson Des
Published: November 2016

In reading the article by Xu, Z., et al. entitled “Analysis of the Interaction of Dp44mT with Human Serum Albumin and Calf Thymus DNA Using Molecular Docking and Spectroscopic Techniques” [1], there is evidence that some of the key methods and comparisons utilized in this study are non-optimal and problematic[...]
Translational Medicine: Creating the Crucial Bidirectional Bridge between Bench and Bedside
Authors: Jia Xiaofeng
Published: November 2016

The life sciences are now entering a revolutionary era that calls for acceleration in understanding the complexity of biological systems and expands the need for more effective strategies for pursuing translational medicine [1].[...]
A Mixture of Extracts of Kochia scoparia and Rosa multiflora with PPAR α/γ Dual Agonistic Effects Prevents Photoaging in Hairless Mice
Authors: Jeon Hyerin , Kim Dong , Nho Youn-Hwa , Park Ji-Eun , Kim Su-Nam , Choi Eung
Published: November 2016

Activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) α/γ is known to inhibit the increases in matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by ultraviolet light (UV). Extracts of natural herbs, such as Kochia scoparia and Rosa multiflora, have a PPAR α/γ dual agonistic effect. Therefore, we investigated whether and how they have an antiaging effect on photoaging skin. Eighteen-week-old hairless mice were irradiated with UVA 14 J/cm2 and UVB 40 mJ/cm2 three times a week for 8 weeks. A mixture of extracts of Kochia scoparia and Rosa multiflora (KR) was topically applied on the dorsal skin of photoaging mice twice a day for 8 weeks. Tesaglitazar, a known PPAR α/γ agonist, and vehicle (propylene glycol:ethanol = 7:3, v/v) were applied as positive and negative controls, respectively. Dermal effects (including dermal thickness, collagen density, dermal expression of procollagen 1 and collagenase 13) and epidermal effects (including skin barrier function, epidermal proliferation, epidermal differentiation, and epidermal cytokines) were measured and compared. In photoaging murine skin, KR resulted in a significant recovery of dermal thickness as well as dermal fibroblasts, although it did not change dermal collagen density. KR increased the expression of dermal transforming growth factor (TGF)-β. The dermal effects of KR were explained by an increase in procollagen 1 expression, induced by TGF-β, and a decrease in MMP-13 expression. KR did not affect basal transepidermal water loss (TEWL) or stratum corneum (SC) integrity, but did decrease SC hydration. It also did not affect epidermal proliferation or epidermal differentiation. KR decreased the expression of epidermal interleukin (IL)-1α. Collectively, KR showed possible utility as a therapeutic agent for photoaging skin, with few epidermal side effects such as epidermal hyperplasia or poor differentiation.
Digital Citizen Participation within Schools in the United Kingdom and Indonesia: An Actor–Network Theory (ANT) Perspective
Authors: Yusuf Muhammad , Adams Carl , Dingley Kate
Published: November 2016

Citizen engagement and participation are a key focus for government and government agencies, and with the advent of Internet technologies questions arise about the role and impact of technology on citizen participation. This paper aims to explore the role of technology in citizen participation within schools. This research used in-depth comparative case studies using examples from two different schools and school systems, one in the United Kingdom and one in Indonesia. The wider school systems are complex and dynamic environments with multiple stakeholders, media, and supporting systems, and the schools operate under geopolitical and social influences. This paper provides a framework, based on Actor-Network Theory (ANT), for capturing e-participation in schools, particularly identifying the influence of technology as a conduit for enabling, engaging, and empowering stakeholders.
Modulating the Gut Micro-Environment in the Treatment of Intestinal Parasites
Authors: Vitetta Luis , Saltzman Emma , Nikov Tessa , Ibrahim Isabelle , Hall Sean
Published: November 2016

The interactions of micro-organisms cohabitating with Homo sapiens spans millennia, with microbial communities living in a symbiotic relationship with the host. Interacting to regulate and maintain physiological functions and immunological tolerance, the microbial community is able to exert an influence on host health. An example of micro-organisms contributing to an intestinal disease state is exhibited by a biodiverse range of protozoan and bacterial species that damage the intestinal epithelia and are therefore implicated in the symptoms of diarrhea. As a contentious exemplar, Blastocystis hominis is a ubiquitous enteric protist that can adversely affect the intestines. The symptoms experienced are a consequence of the responses of the innate immune system triggered by the disruption of the intestinal barrier. The infiltration of the intestinal epithelial barrier involves a host of immune receptors, including toll like receptors and IgM/IgG/IgA antibodies as well as CD8+ T cells, macrophages, and neutrophils. Whilst the mechanisms of interactions between the intestinal microbiome and protozoan parasites remain incompletely understood, it is acknowledged that the intestinal microbiota is a key factor in the pathophysiology of parasitic infections. Modulating the intestinal environment through the administration of probiotics has been postulated as a possible therapeutic agent to control the proliferation of intestinal microbes through their capacity to induce competition for occupation of a common biotype. The ultimate goal of this mechanism is to prevent infections of the like of giardiasis and eliminate its symptoms. The differing types of probiotics (i.e., bacteria and yeast) modulate immunity by stimulating the host immune system. Early animal studies support the potential benefits of probiotic administration to prevent intestinal infections, with human clinical studies showing probiotics can reduce the number of parasites and the severity of symptoms. The early clinical indications endorse probiotics as adjuncts in the pharmaceutical treatment of protozoan infections. Currently, the bar is set low for the conduct of well-designed clinical studies that will translate the use of probiotics to ameliorate protozoan infections, therefore the requisite is for further clinical research.