bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exogenous melatonin alleviates neuropathic pain-induced affective disorders by suppressing NF-κB/ NLRP3 pathway and apoptosis
Authors: Mokhtari Tahmineh , Yue Lu-Peng , Hu Li
Published: February 2023

In this study, we aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of melatonin (MLT) on neuropathic pain (NP)-induced anxiety and depression in a rat model. Adult male rats were separated into four groups, i.e., Sham-VEH: healthy animals received a vehicle, Sham-MLT (10 mg/kg), and chronic constrictive injury (CCI)-VEH: nerve ligation received the vehicle, and CCI-MLT. Next, we used behavioral tests to evaluate pain severity, anxiety, and depression. Finally, rats were sacrificed for molecular and histopathological studies. Behavioral tests showed that NP could induce depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors. NP activated NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways by upregulating NF-κB, NLRP3, ASC, active Caspase-1, also enhancing the concentrations of cytokines (IL-1β and IL-18) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus (HC). NP upregulated Bax, downregulated Bcl2, and increased cell apoptosis in the HC and PFC. The rats treated with MLT eliminated the effects of NP, as the reduced pain severity, improved anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, ameliorated NF-κB/NLRP3 inflammasome pathways, and modulated levels of cytokines in the HC and PFC. MLT could promote cell survival from apoptosis by modulating Bax and Bcl2. Therefore, it might be inferred that its anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic properties mediate the beneficial effects of MLT in NP-induced affective disorders.
Serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone influence pregnancy outcomes associated with gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist treatment: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Hou Yanru , Wang Lu , Li Yian , Ai Jiajia , Tian Li
Published: February 2023

As a specific predictor of ovarian reserve, serum anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) has become an area of intense research interest in the field of assisted reproductive technology. We assessed the relationship between AMH levels and pregnancy outcomes in Chinese patients and investigate the influencing factors of cumulative live birth in patients with high AMH levels. A total of 1379 patients starting their IVF/ICSI cycle were divided into normal (Group A, 1.1–4.0 ng/ml, n = 639) and high (Group B, > 4.0 ng/ml, n = 740) groups by serum AMH levels. Live birth rate (LBR), cumulative live birth rate (CLBR) and cumulative clinical pregnancy rate (CCPR) were also investigated. Compared with Group A, Group B had a significantly higher CLBR (65.80% vs. 43.95%) and CCPR (76.77% vs. 57.14%), respectively. Binomial logistic regression analysis showed that age over 40 years, LH/FSH > 2.5, total Gn dose and Gn duration, and greater than 4000 ng/ml serum E2 levels on HCG day were significantly associated with CLBR in Group B. The AUC value of CLBR averaged 0.664 (ranging from 0.621 to 0.706) (p < 0.001). The patients with high AMH levels had higher CPR, higher LBR, and lower MR with no statistically significant differences, although there were significant improvements in CLBR. Advanced age (> 40 years) still impacted CLBR, even in women with good ovarian reserves. Consequently, it is still recommended that patients over 40 years old with high AMH levels actively receive IVF treatment if they seek to become pregnant. PCOS diagnoses did not influence the CLBR. In summary, this study showed that serum AMH levels could positively predict patient ovarian responses and further affect pregnancy outcomes.
Machine learning classifiers predict key genomic and evolutionary traits across the kingdoms of life
Authors: Hallee Logan , Khomtchouk Bohdan B.
Published: February 2023

In this study, we investigate how an organism’s codon usage bias can serve as a predictor and classifier of various genomic and evolutionary traits across the domains of life. We perform secondary analysis of existing genetic datasets to build several AI/machine learning models. When trained on codon usage patterns of nearly 13,000 organisms, our models accurately predict the organelle of origin and taxonomic identity of nucleotide samples. We extend our analysis to identify the most influential codons for phylogenetic prediction with a custom feature ranking ensemble. Our results suggest that the genetic code can be utilized to train accurate classifiers of taxonomic and phylogenetic features. We then apply this classification framework to open reading frame (ORF) detection. Our statistical model assesses all possible ORFs in a nucleotide sample and rejects or deems them plausible based on the codon usage distribution. Our dataset and analyses are made publicly available on GitHub and the UCI ML Repository to facilitate open-source reproducibility and community engagement.
Simple curettage and allogeneic cancellous bone chip impaction grafting in solitary enchondroma of the short tubular bones of the hand
Authors: Park Ho Youn , Joo Min Wook , Choi Youn-Ho , Chung Yang-Guk , Park Chan Jin
Published: February 2023

Enchondroma is the most common bone tumor in the hand. While standard surgical procedure is intra-lesional excision and bone grafting, there is a dispute between allogeneic bone, autogenous bone, and synthetic bone substitute grafting. Diverse adjuvant treatments have been introduced to reduce recurrence, but results are mixed with controversies. Meanwhile, whether existing descriptive classification could predict treatment outcome remains unclear. Thus, we reviewed patients with solitary enchondroma of the hand who underwent simple curettage followed by allogeneic cancellous bone chip impaction grafting. Eighty-eight patients with more than 5 years of follow-up were enrolled. Demographic data, local recurrence, and complications were reviewed. Duration of consolidation and the difference according to Takigawa classification were assessed. Range of motion (ROM), and functional scores were also evaluated. There were 51 women and 37 men, with a mean age of 37.9 years. Mean follow-up was 10.2 years. Recurrence occurred only in one patient. There was no complication. Mean postoperative total active motions of fingers and thumb were 239° and 132.9°. Mean modified Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, Hand score, and Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score were 1.63, and 99.2 at the last follow-up. Consolidation, ROM, and functional scores according to Takigawa classification showed no significant differences. This study suggests that simple curettage with impaction grafting of allogeneic cancellous bone chip is a feasible method for treating solitary enchondromas involving short tubular bone of the hand with good long-term outcomes. Postoperative recurrence and complication rates were very low. Radiographic and clinical results were good regardless of the previous radiological classification.
Reference-free lossless compression of nanopore sequencing reads using an approximate assembly approach
Authors: Meng Qingxi , Chandak Shubham , Zhu Yifan , Weissman Tsachy
Published: February 2023

The amount of data produced by genome sequencing experiments has been growing rapidly over the past several years, making compression important for efficient storage, transfer and analysis of the data. In recent years, nanopore sequencing technologies have seen increasing adoption since they are portable, real-time and provide long reads. However, there has been limited progress on compression of nanopore sequencing reads obtained in FASTQ files since most existing tools are either general-purpose or specialized for short read data. We present NanoSpring, a reference-free compressor for nanopore sequencing reads, relying on an approximate assembly approach. We evaluate NanoSpring on a variety of datasets including bacterial, metagenomic, plant, animal, and human whole genome data. For recently basecalled high quality nanopore datasets, NanoSpring, which focuses only on the base sequences in the FASTQ file, uses just 0.35–0.65 bits per base which is 3–6$$\times$$
×
lower than general purpose compressors like gzip. NanoSpring is competitive in compression ratio and compression resource usage with the state-of-the-art tool CoLoRd while being significantly faster at decompression when using multiple threads (> 4$$\times$$
×
faster decompression with 20 threads). NanoSpring is available on GitHub at https://github.com/qm2/NanoSpring.
Automated machine learning recognition to diagnose flood resilience of railway switches and crossings
Authors: Sresakoolchai Jessada , Hamarat Mehmet , Kaewunruen Sakdirat
Published: February 2023

The increase in demand for railway transportation results in a significant need for higher train axle load and faster speed. Weak and sensitive trackforms such as railway switches and crossings (or called ‘turnout’) can suffer from such an increase in either axle loads or speeds. Moreover, railway turnout supports can deteriorate from other incidences due to extreme weather such as floods which undermine cohesion between ballast leading to ballast washaway or loss of support under turnout structures. In this study, new intelligent automation based on machine learning pattern recognition has been built to detect and predict the deterioration of railway turnouts exposed to flooding conditions which is the scope of this study. Since the turnout system is very complex by nature, different features and smart filtering are explored to find the potential features for deep learning. Nonlinear finite element models validated by actual field measurements are used to mimic the dynamic behaviors of turnout supports under flooding conditions. The study exhibits that the novel recognition model can achieve more than 98% accuracy, yielding the potential capability to recognize and classify turnout support deteriorations facing extreme weather conditions which will be beneficial for responsible parties to schedule and plan maintenance activities.
H-CoNiSe2/NC dodecahedral hollow structures for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Salehan P. , Ensafi Ali A. , Andikaey Z. , Rezaei B.
Published: February 2023

The synergistic effect between metal ions and increasing the surface area leads to the fabrication of supercapacitor materials with high capacities. It is predicted that transition metal selenide compounds will be ideal electrode materials for supercapacitors. However, the defects of poor conductivity and volume expansion of the compounds are fundamental problems that must be solved. In this work, we successfully synthesized the cobalt–nickel selenide nitrogen-doped carbon (H-CoNiSe2/NC) hollow polyhedral composite structure using ZIF-67 as a precursor. The CoSe2and NiSe2nanoparticles embedded in the NC polyhedral framework offer a wealth of active sites for the whole electrode. Moreover, the presence of the NC structure in the proposed composite can simultaneously lead to improved conductivity and reduce the volume effect created during the cycling procedure. The H-CoNiSe2/NC electrode provides high specific capacity (1131 C/g at 1.0 A/g) and outstanding cyclic stability (90.2% retention after 6000 cycles). In addition, the H-CoNiSe2/NC//AC hybrid supercapacitor delivers ultrahigh energy density and power density (81.9 Wh/kg at 900 W/kg) and excellent cyclic stability (92.1% of the initial capacitance after 6000 cycles). This study will provide a supercapacitor electrode material with a high specific capacity for energy storage devices.Please confirm the corresponding affiliation for the 'Ali A. Ensafi' author is correctly identified.Error during converting author query response. Please check the eproofing link or feedback pdf for details
Evidence of structural segmentation of the Uttarakhand Himalaya and its implications for earthquake hazard
Authors: Mandal Prantik , Prathigadapa Raju , Srinivas D. , Saha Satish , Saha Gokul
Published: February 2023

The earthquake hazard associated with the Main Himalayan Thrust (MHT) is a critical issue for India and its neighbouring countries in the north. We used data from a dense seismic network in Uttarakhand, India, to model the lateral variations in the depths of MHT (2–6% drop in Vsat 12–21 km depths), Moho (a sharp increase in Vs(by ~ 0.5–0.7 km/s) at 39–50 km depths) and lithosphere (a marked decrease in Vs(~ 1–3%) at 136–178 km depths), across the Himalayan collisional front. Our joint inversion of radial PRFs and group velocity dispersion data of Rayleigh waves detects three NNE trending transverse lithospheric blocks segmenting the lithosphere in Uttarakhand Himalaya, which spatially correlate well with the northward extension of the Delhi -Haridwar Indian basement ridge, an inferred tectonic boundary and great boundary fault, respectively. Our radial receiver function imaging detects highly deformed and segmented crustal and lithospheric structures associated with three mapped transverse lithospheric blocks, suggesting a reduction in rupture lengths of future earthquakes, thereby, reducing earthquake hazards in Uttarakhand.
Towards artificial intelligence-based learning health system for population-level mortality prediction using electrocardiograms
Authors: Sun Weijie , Kalmady Sunil Vasu , Sepehrvand Nariman , Salimi Amir , Nademi Yousef , Bainey Kevin , Ezekowitz Justin A. , Greiner Russell , Hindle Abram , McAlister Finlay A. , Sandhu Roopinder K. , Kaul Padma
Published: February 2023

The feasibility and value of linking electrocardiogram (ECG) data to longitudinal population-level administrative health data to facilitate the development of a learning healthcare system has not been fully explored. We developed ECG-based machine learning models to predict risk of mortality among patients presenting to an emergency department or hospital for any reason. Using the 12-lead ECG traces and measurements from 1,605,268 ECGs from 748,773 healthcare episodes of 244,077 patients (2007–2020) in Alberta, Canada, we developed and validated ResNet-based Deep Learning (DL) and gradient boosting-based XGBoost (XGB) models to predict 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year mortality. The models for 30-day, 1-year, and 5-year mortality were trained on 146,173, 141,072, and 111,020 patients and evaluated on 97,144, 89,379, and 55,650 patients, respectively. In the evaluation cohort, 7.6%, 17.3%, and 32.9% patients died by 30-days, 1-year, and 5-years, respectively. ResNet models based on ECG traces alone had good-to-excellent performance with area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) of 0.843 (95% CI: 0.838–0.848), 0.812 (0.808–0.816), and 0.798 (0.792–0.803) for 30-day, 1-year and 5-year prediction, respectively; and were superior to XGB models based on ECG measurements with AUROC of 0.782 (0.776–0.789), 0.784 (0.780–0.788), and 0.746 (0.740–0.751). This study demonstrates the validity of ECG-based DL mortality prediction models at the population-level that can be leveraged for prognostication at point of care.
Distorted B/O-containing nanographenes with tunable optical properties
Authors: Guo Jiaxiang , Zhang Tianyu , Li Zeyi , Ye Kaiqi , Wang Yue , Dou Chuandong
Published: February 2023

The fusion of multiple B/O-heterocycles onto hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene has led to the generation of two B/O-containing nanographenes that exhibit distorted geometries, red-shifted absorptions and fluorescence.
Influence of pressure on a dysprosocenium single-molecule magnet
Authors: Parmar Vijay S. , Thiel Andreas M. , Nabi Rizwan , Gransbury Gemma K. , Norre Marie S. , Evans Peter , Corner Sophie C. , Skelton Jonathan M. , Chilton Nicholas F. , Mills David P. , Overgaard Jacob
Published: February 2023

The effects of high-pressure on the structural and magnetic properties of the dysprosocenium cation are analyzed. Combined with periodic calculations, correlations between structural deformations and magnetic relaxation characteristics are obtained.
Electrochemical C(sp3)–H functionalization of ethersviahydrogen-atom transfer by means of cathodic reduction
Authors: Rapisarda Leonardo , Fermi Andrea , Ceroni Paola , Giovanelli Riccardo , Bertuzzi Giulio , Bandini Marco
Published: February 2023

An electrochemical allylation/alkylation of cyclic/acyclic ethers is presentedviaa C(sp3)–H activation, proceeding under cathodic reduction. The reaction shows broad functional group tolerance and high yields.
Electron transfer in heterojunction catalysts
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Lin Yuan , Liu Lijun
Published: February 2023

Electron transfer boosts thermo-/photocatalytic efficiency by tuning the valence electron configuration or building an internal electric field.
Accelerated H2 activation over Pt/M-ZrO2 for the reductive amination of levulinic acid esters under benign conditions
Authors: Saini Kanika , Kumar Sahil , Kaur Ramandeep , Babu Srinivasarao Arulananda , Saravanamurugan Shunmugavel
Published: February 2023

Pt-impregnated monoclinic ZrO2 (Pt/M-ZrO2) possesses a high hydrogen activation capability and shows remarkable catalytic activity towards reductive amination under ambient conditions than Pt-impregnated tetragonal ZrO2 (Pt/T-ZrO2).
Short and long-range cyclic patterns in flows of DNA solutions in microfluidic obstacle arrays
Authors: Ström Oskar E. , Beech Jason P. , Tegenfeldt Jonas O.
Published: February 2023

A physical viscoelastic phenomenon with strong relevance for processing of ultrahigh concentrations of biomolecules is described, specifically macroscopic waves in high-concentration DNA solutions in micropillar arrays.
Exploration of cytotoxic potential and tubulin polymerization inhibition activity of cis-stilbene-1,2,3-triazole congeners
Authors: Bora Darshana , Samir Khan Mehtab , Sharma Anamika , Chilvery Shrilekha , Bansod Sapana , John Stephy Elza , Ali Khan Mursalim , Godugu Chandraiah , Shankaraiah Nagula
Published: February 2023

To scrutinize cis-stilbene based molecules with potential anticancer and tubulin polymerization inhibition activity, a new series of cis-stilbene-1,2,3-triazole congeners was designed and synthesized via a click chemistry protocol.
Identification of a new class of proteasome inhibitors based on a naphthyl–azotricyclic-urea–phenyl scaffold
Authors: Allardyce Duncan , Adu Mantey Priscilla , Szalecka Monika , Nkwo Robert , Loizidou Eriketi Z.
Published: February 2023

A new class of competitive proteasome inhibitors was identified from screening of the ZINC library of natural products. Structure–activity studies highlighted the importance of hydrophobic interactions in enhanced binding affinity.
Development of thiazole-appended novel hydrazones as a new class of α-amylase inhibitors with anticancer assets: anin silicoandin vitroapproach
Authors: Chahal Sandhya , Punia Jyoti , Rani Payal , Singh Rajvir , Mayank  , Kumar Parvin , Kataria Ramesh , Joshi Gaurav , Sindhu Jayant
Published: February 2023

Thiazole-clubbed hydrazones exhibitedin vitroα-amylase inhibitory response in the range of IC50values from 0.23 ± 0.003 to 0.5 ± 0.0 μM. 5b was found to be the least cytotoxic and most potent α-amylase inhibitor.
Deciphering swift reversal of multifaceted photodynamics of a novel pyrene appended unsymmetrical salicylaldehyde azine derivative in aqueous and protein environments
Authors: Mondal Tapashree , Biswas Sourav , Mane Manoj V. , Panja Sujit S.
Published: February 2023

The present investigation sheds light on the judicious modulation of an external microenvironment to harvest optimal optical responses of organic functional molecules.
Suppressing hydrogen bonds and controlling surface dipole: effective passivation for hydrophobic perovskite photoabsorber layers in solar cells
Authors: Nishimura Naoyuki , Mathew Siby , Murakami Takurou N.
Published: February 2023

Wettability measurements with selected solutions reveal that passivation, which is vital for state-of the-art perovskite solar cells, is crucial to suppress hydrogen bonds for hydrophobic perovskite surfaces.
Recent progress in layered metal halide perovskites for solar cells, photodetectors, and field-effect transistors
Authors: Liao Chwen-Haw , Mahmud Md Arafat , Ho-Baillie Anita W. Y.
Published: February 2023

Metal halide perovskite materials demonstrate immense potential for photovoltaic and electronic applications.
Covalent post-assembly modification of π-conjugated supramolecular polymers delivers structurally robust light-harvesting nanoscale objects
Authors: Paulino Victor , Liu Kaixuan , Cesiliano Valentino , Tsironi Ifigeneia , Mukhopadhyay Arindam , Kaufman Maria , Olivier Jean-Hubert
Published: February 2023

A two-component stapling strategy is used to covalently tether a new class of water-soluble supramolecular polymers built from bay-functionalized perylene bisimide (PBI) units.
Atomic layer deposition of SnO2 using hydrogen peroxide improves the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells
Authors: Lee Sang-Uk , Park Hyoungmin , Shin Hyunjung , Park Nam-Gyu
Published: February 2023

Perovskite solar cell with a H2O2-derived SnO2 film formed by atomic layer deposition (ALD) shows better stability than that with the H2O-derived one due to the reduced surface hydroxyl defect.
Crystal facet and Na-doping dual engineering ultrathin BiOCl nanosheets with efficient oxygen activation for enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Chen Kunyu , Huang Yiwei , Huang Meina , Zhu Yanqiu , Tang Ming , Bi Renjie , Zhu Meiping
Published: February 2023

The ultrathin Na-BOC-001 fabricated via a facile bottom-up approach showed stronger reduction potential for O2 adsorption/activation and the highest visible-light driven charge separation and transfer ability.
Porous carbon derived from Terminalia catappa leaves for energy storage application
Authors: Dhavale Sarika B. , Patil Vithoba L. , Patil Satyajeet S. , Patil Dipali S. , Dhavale Rushikesh P. , Park Hyung-Ho , Patil Pramod S.
Published: February 2023

Three dimensional hierarchical porous carbon prepared from Terminalia Catappa leaves for supercapacitor application.
Design of two-component molecular crystals with defined melting points
Authors: Perlovich German L.
Published: February 2023

The approach proposed in this study disclosed opportunities to predict whether it is possible to obtain co-crystals/salts with melting temperatures above/below the melting temperatures of the individual components.
New interstellar laboratories in the molecular ring
Authors: Wilkins Olivia H. , Blake Geoffrey A.
Published: February 2023

The so-called molecular ring has been mostly absent from astrochemical observations despite containing the bulk of the Milky Way’s molecular matter. A pilot survey of 11 molecular-ring giant molecular clouds with ALMA reveals new chemical stockrooms.
Polarisation-independent ultrafast laser selective etching processing in fused silica
Authors: Ochoa Mario , Roldán-Varona Pablo , Algorri José Francisco , López-Higuera José Miguel , Rodríguez-Cobo Luis
Published: February 2023

Few pulses and suitable low-energy femtosecond laser parameters achieve high etching rates (about 300 μm h−1) without the need to control the light polarisation, enabling the fabrication of 3D complex geometries within reasonable etching times.
Facile synthesis strategy for cesium tin halide perovskite crystals toward light emitting devices and anti-counterfeiting flexible fiber
Authors: Hu Ziyao , Nie Kun , Wang Xuyi , Duan Xiuqiang , Zhou Ranran , Wu Mengyun , Ma Xiaoxue , Zhang Xiaodong , Wang Luoxin , Mei Lefu , Wang Hua
Published: February 2023

Cs2Sn1−xTexCl6 crystals are synthesized and can be used for post-processing fibers for LED and anti-counterfeiting materials.
The free radical mechanism of the effects of different metal materials on hydrogen explosion
Authors: Hu Shoutao , Hong Zijin , Gao Jiancun , Li Ruxia , Wang Quan , Wang Le , Yang Xigang
Published: February 2023

When the volume fraction of hydrogen is below 20% and above 25%, aluminium and nickel wires inhibit and promote the hydrogen explosion.
Analytical modelling of salient pole synchronous generators under eccentricity faults by including stator slotting effect
Authors: Nasiri Samaneh , Ojaghi Mansour
Published: February 2023

Here, a dynamic analytical model is provided for salient pole synchronous generators (SPSGs) under different eccentricity faults. A useful technique is developed first to describe the rotor position‐dependent non‐uniform air gap distribution by a proper function in the healthy state, which includes the stator slotting effect. Then, the exact air gap function is used along with the modified winding function theory to extract non‐integral equations for computing the SPSG various inductances that are playing critical role during analytical modelling and simulation of the machine. Afterword, the air gap function and the inductance equations are modified to include all types of the eccentricity fault. A 3 kW SPSG is simulated and then tested in laboratory under the healthy and the mixed eccentricity (ME) conditions. There are good accordance between the simulation and corresponding experimental results; they show that some harmonic components are introduced in the rotor and the stator currents due to the ME fault whose frequencies are integer multiples of the rotor speed frequency and whose amplitudes increase by increasing the fault severity. The load level change also affects the amplitudes of the harmonics.
The Apertif Radio Transient System (ARTS): Design, commissioning, data release, and detection of the first five fast radio bursts
Authors: van Leeuwen Joeri , Kooistra Eric , Oostrum Leon , Connor Liam , Hargreaves Jonathan E. , Maan Yogesh , Pastor-Marazuela Inés , Petroff Emily , van der Schuur Daniel , Sclocco Alessio , Straal Samayra M. , Vohl Dany , Wijnholds Stefan J. , Adams Elizabeth A. K. , Adebahr Björn , Attema Jisk , Bassa Cees , Bast Jeanette E. , Bilous Anna , de Blok Willem J. G. , Boersma Oliver M. , van Cappellen Wim A. , Coolen Arthur H. W. M. , Damstra Sieds , Dénes Helga , van Diepen Ger N. J. , Gardenier David W. , Grange Yan G. , Gunst André W. , Hess Kelley M. , Holties Hanno , van der Hulst Thijs , Hut Boudewijn , Kutkin Alexander , Loose G. Marcel , Lucero Danielle M. , Mika Ágnes , Mikhailov Klim , Morganti Raffaella , Moss Vanessa A. , Mulder Henk , Norden Menno J. , Oosterloo Tom A. , Orrú Emaneula , Paragi Zsolt , de Reijer Jan-Pieter R. , Schoenmakers Arno P. , Stuurwold Klaas J. C. , ter Veen Sander , Wang Yu-Yang , Zanting Alwin W. , Ziemke Jacob
Published: February 2023

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) must be powered by uniquely energetic emission mechanisms. This requirement has eliminated a number of possible source types, but several remain. Identifying the physical nature of FRB emitters arguably requires good localisation of more detections, as well as broad-band studies enabled by real-time alerting. In this paper, we present the Apertif Radio Transient System (ARTS), a supercomputing radio-telescope instrument that performs real-time FRB detection and localisation on the Westerbork Synthesis Radio Telescope (WSRT) interferometer. It reaches coherent-addition sensitivity over the entire field of the view of the primary-dish beam. After commissioning results verified that the system performed as planned, we initiated the Apertif FRB survey (ALERT). Over the first 5 weeks we observed at design sensitivity in 2019, we detected five new FRBs, and interferometrically localised each of them to 0.4–10 sq. arcmin. All detections are broad band, very narrow, of the order of 1 ms in duration, and unscattered. Dispersion measures are generally high. Only through the very high time and frequency resolution of ARTS are these hard-to-find FRBs detected, producing an unbiased view of the intrinsic population properties. Most localisation regions are small enough to rule out the presence of associated persistent radio sources. Three FRBs cut through the halos of M31 and M33. We demonstrate that Apertif can localise one-off FRBs with an accuracy that maps magneto-ionic material along well-defined lines of sight. The rate of one every ~7 days ensures a considerable number of new sources are detected for such a study. The combination of the detection rate and localisation accuracy exemplified by the first five ARTS FRBs thus marks a new phase in which a growing number of bursts can be used to probe our Universe.
Behandlungsansätze in der Kindertraumatologie
Authors: Rüther Hauke
Published: February 2023

Die Behandlung von Kindern ist besonders herausfordernd. Der fachliche Aspekt ist
sehr speziell, und es liegen viele eigene Entitäten der Verletzungen
vor. Auch das Setting ist außergewöhnlich. Die Patienten sind
eben nicht nur „kleine“ Erwachsene. So muss man sich
altersentsprechend auf ganz verschiedene Gegebenheiten einlassen und eine Ebene
mit dem Kind und auch dessen Eltern finden. Wie kommen wir zur richtigen
Therapie im bestmöglichen Setting? Verwächst sich alles oder ist
die Nachbehandlung doch essenziell?
Der kindliche Schmerz: verstehen – befunden –
behandeln
Authors: Zander Andrea
Published: February 2023

Schmerz ist eine subjektive Empfindung, die im zentralen Nervensystem entsteht.
Sie ist objektiv schwer zu greifen. Zu erkennen, dass ein Kind Schmerzen
hat, ist meist kein Problem. Die Schmerzqualität und die
Schmerzintensität zu beurteilen, ist dagegen schwieriger, z. B.
wenn ein Kind nicht sprechen kann. Indikatoren wie die Schreistärke
lassen nicht automatisch auf die Schmerzintensität
schließen.
Säuglingsbad auf einer neonatologischen Intensivstation –ein hygienisches Risiko?
Authors: Thoma Regina , Claus Heike , Rädel-Ablass Katharina
Published: February 2023

Für gesunde reife Neugeborene gibt es seit 2016 aktualisierte europäische Empfehlungen für die Hautpflege 1. Im klinischen Bereich auf einer neonatologischen Intensivstation stellt sich die Frage nach der Übertragbarkeit der Empfehlungen auf kranke Neu- und Früh-geborene. Unter anderem ist die Sorge vor einer möglichen Infektionsübertragung durch kontaminiertes Badewasser ein Hinderungsgrund für die Durchführung eines Wannenbads.
Vorbehaltsaufgaben der Pflege: praktische Bedeutung für die pädiatrische Pflege
Authors: Krautz Bernhard
Published: February 2023

Mit den im Pflegeberufegesetz hinterlegten Vorbehaltsaufgaben erhält die Pflege erstmals Aufgaben in autonomer beruflicher Verantwortung zugeschrieben. Obwohl das Gesetz bereits 2017 erlassen wurde, bestehen in der Praxis noch erhebliche Unsicherheiten über die Bedeutung und Umsetzung der Vorbehaltsaufgaben. Der folgende Beitrag skizziert die wichtigsten fachlichen und rechtlichen Grundlagen und geht anschließend auf die Besonderheiten pädiatrischer Pflege ein.
Stationsleitung 4.0
Authors: Roßius Sabrina , Reimer Ann-Christin
Published: February 2023

Wie ein Pilotprojekt am Alexianer Krankenhaus Hedwigshöhe ein starkes, autark handelndes Pflegemanagement fördert und warum der Schraubendreher nicht zum Sägen taugt.
Advancing Reproductive Health through Policy-Engaged Research in Abortion Care
Authors: Munro Sarah B. , Dunn Sheila , Guilbert Edith R. , Norman Wendy V.
Published: February 2023

Mifepristone medication abortion was first approved in China and France more than 30 years ago and is now used in more than 60 countries worldwide. It is a highly safe and effective method that has the potential to increase population access to abortion in early pregnancy, closer to home. In both Canada and the United States, the initial regulations for distribution, prescribing, and dispensing of mifepristone were highly restricted. However, in Canada, where mifepristone was made available in 2017, most restrictions on the medication were removed in the first year of its availability. The Canadian regulation of mifepristone as a normal prescription makes access possible in community primary care through a physician or nurse practitioner prescription, which any pharmacist can dispense. In this approach, people decide when and where to take their medication. We explore how policy-maker-engaged research advanced reproductive health policy and facilitated this rapid change in Canada. We discuss the implications of these policy advances for self-management of abortion and demonstrate how in Canada patients “self-manage” components of the abortion process within a supportive health care system.
Emergency politics, mass sentiment and the EU during Covid
Authors: Wang Chendi , Bojar Abel , Oana Ioana-Elena , Truchlewski Zbigniew
Published: February 2023

During crises, do emergency politics impair the EU polity by alienating Europeans? Recent literature suggests that executive decisions in hard times can spur negative European sentiment, increase polarisation in the public and thus create more problems than solutions. The Covid-19 pandemic offers an ideal opportunity to study this important issue. However, studying mass sentiment towards the EU is mostly constrained by imperfect survey data. We tackle this challenge with an empirical strategy that combines two original data sources: first, we use policy process analysis to identify key EU decisions; second, we leverage Twitter data to measure sentiment. As a result, we can study whether key EU decisions impacted EU sentiment and whether this impact is conditional on the level of EU competence, prior politicisation and problem pressure. We find that EU decisions impact EU sentiment positively and do not polarise it (even among highly politicised decisions). Low prior politicisation and healthcare-related decisions increase the positive impact of EU actions. There is thus no punishment of the EU for acting outside its remit. Our findings have important implications for the politics of polity maintenance in the EU.
Partial discharge diagnosis via a novel federated meta-learning in gas-insulated switchgear
Authors: Yan Jing , Wang Yanxin , Liu Wenchao , Wang Jianhua , Geng Yingsan
Published: February 2023

Several deep learning partial discharge (PD) diagnostic approaches have been developed in recent years to guarantee the security and stability of gas-insulated switchgear (GIS). The centralized training method requires multiple clients to jointly obtain as much data as possible to train the model to achieve excellent performance, which is impractical due to conflicts of interest and privacy protection. Furthermore, because of differences in the distribution of client data and the presence of a small sample, achieving high-precision and robust diagnosis for each client is an urgent problem. To that end, a novel personalized federated meta-learning (FML) is proposed in this paper to address the aforementioned issues. It develops reliable and personalized PD diagnosis models by collaborating with multiple clients and solves the problem of small sample diagnosis through scenario training under the premise of protecting data privacy. The experimental results show that the FML proposed can diagnose GIS PD with high precision and robustness for each client while maintaining privacy. The diagnostic accuracy of the FML proposed in this paper, especially for on-site unbalanced small sample clients, is 93.07%, which is significantly higher than that for other methods. It serves as a model for the collaborative development of an effective GIS PD diagnostic model.
Differential behavior of magnetic field and magnetic vector potential in an optically pumped Rb atomic magnetometer
Authors: Shoji Y. , Daibo M.
Published: February 2023

Although vector potentials are more intrinsic physical quantities than magnetic and electric fields, measuring them macroscopically is difficult. A double-nested Helmholtz-type vector potential coil, consisting of an elongated solenoid coil wound around a cylinder, and producing a uniform magnetic vector potential, was developed in this study. The coil is carefully designed to reduce the influence of the leakage magnetic field and the scalar potential generated by the coil’s electrical resistance on the measurement. It has the ability to toggle between vector potential and magnetic field generation. We adapted the coil for use in an optically pumped atomic magnetometer. We also developed an optically pumping Rb atomic magnetometer that can calibrate in a zero magnetic field and applied a time-varying magnetic vector potential. We found that the output signal changed with the vector potential even when there was virtually no magnetic field. With increasing frequency, the output voltage decreases for the magnetic signal and increases for the magnetic vector potential signal. The results revealed that the atomic magnetometer is influenced not only by the magnetic field but also by the magnetic vector potential and that the frequency responses are opposite.
Active stabilization of a pseudoheterodyne scattering scanning near field optical microscope
Authors: Becerril David , Cesca Tiziana , Mattei Giovanni , Noguez Cecilia , Pirruccio Giuseppe , Luce Marco , Cricenti Antonio
Published: February 2023

Scattering scanning near-field optical microscopes (s-SNOMs) based on pseudoheterodyne detection and operating at ambient conditions typically suffer from instabilities related to the variable optical path length of the interferometer arms. These cause strong oscillations in the measured optical amplitude and phase comparable with those of the signal and, thus, resulting in dramatic artifacts. Besides hampering the comparison between the topography and the optical measurements, such oscillations may lead to misinterpretations of the physical phenomena occurring at the sample surface, especially for nanostructured materials. Here, we propose a stabilizing method based on interferometer phase control, which improves substantially the image quality and allows the correct extraction of optical phase and amplitude for both micro- and nanostructures. This stabilization method expands the measurement capabilities of s-SNOM to any slowly time-dependent phenomena that require long-term stability of the system. We envisage that active stabilization will increase the technological significance of s-SNOMs and will have far-reaching applications in the field of heat transfer and nanoelectronics.
A new fluid flow approximation method using a vision transformer and a U-shaped convolutional neural network
Authors: Kang Hyoeun , Kim Yongsu , Le Thi-Thu-Huong , Choi Changwoo , Hong Yoonyoung , Hong Seungdo , Chin Sim Won , Kim Howon
Published: February 2023

Numerical simulation of fluids is important in modeling a variety of physical phenomena, such as weather, climate, aerodynamics, and plasma physics. The Navier–Stokes equations are commonly used to describe fluids, but solving them at a large scale can be computationally expensive, particularly when it comes to resolving small spatiotemporal features. This trade-off between accuracy and tractability can be challenging. In this paper, we propose a novel artificial intelligence-based method for improving fluid flow approximations in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) using deep learning (DL). Our method, called CFDformer, is a surrogate model that can handle both local and global features of CFD input data. It is also able to adjust boundary conditions and incorporate additional flow conditions, such as velocity and pressure. Importantly, CFDformer performs well under different velocities and pressures outside of the flows it was trained on. Through comprehensive experiments and comparisons, we demonstrate that CFDformer outperforms other baseline DL models, including U-shaped convolutional neural network (U-Net) and TransUNet models.
Large eddy simulations of periodic wake effects on boundary-layer transition of low-pressure turbine cascades
Authors: Zhang Weihao , Zou Zhengping
Published: February 2023

The periodic wake effect is one of the most important sources of unsteady disturbance in turbines. Its influence on the boundary layer transition process of the downstream blade suction surface is an important factor determining the turbine loss and aerodynamic performance, and also an effective potential approach of turbine loss control. In this paper, the high-load low-pressure turbine (LPT) cascade is taken as the research object, and the large eddy simulation based on the inhouse coed Multiblock Parallel Large-eddy Simulation is used to study the periodic influence of upstream wake. The unsteady transition process of the boundary layer on the suction surface of the turbine cascade and the spatial–temporal evolution of the vortex are discussed in detail. It is shown that there are three modes of boundary layer transition on the suction surface of the LPT cascade under the effect of wake, occurring alternately during the wake passing period. Each mode of transition has different characteristics in vortex structures, as well as boundary-layer separation and reattachment, thereby makes different losses. Although the transition mechanism and evolution process of the three modes are different, the calming regions exist in all three modes, which is important for the control of the boundary layer. This study gives an important reference for reducing the flow loss in high-load turbines by means of periodic wakes.
Performance of staggered bit island spacing adjustment for a SRTR BPMR system
Authors: Mattayakan M. , Koonkarnkhai S. , Kovintavewat P. , Warisarn C.
Published: February 2023

One of the key problems facing the designer of data storage devices is how to handle the exponential rise in demand for information storage. To enhance the storage capacity of bit-patterned magnetic recording (BPMR) that stores one data bit in a single magnetic island, the spacing among bit islands, i.e., bit period and track pitch, must be reduced. However, the interference effects from both the across- and along-track directions are unavoidably increased, which leads to performance degradation. This paper proposes to utilize the proper spacing arrangement of magnetic islands for a single-reader two-track reading scheme to increase the staggered BPMR system’s storage capacity. We also study how the system performs for different distances between magnetic islands when track misregistration and media noise are present. Simulation results reveal that the staggered BPMR system with an appropriate magnetic island spacing can provide better performance than the traditional island placement, where the spacing between bit islands in across- and along-track directions is same.
Optimal design of high-speed permanent magnet synchronous generator based on NSGA-II considering mechanical properties
Authors: Jo Seong-Tae , Kim Woo-Hyeon , Lee Jeong-In , Bang Tae-Kyoung , Lee Young-Keun , Lee Hoon-Ki , Shin Kyung-Hun , Choi Jang-Young
Published: February 2023

Although the finite element method (FEM) is highly reliable, it is time-consuming and expensive, for example, substantial computing costs are incurred for coupled analysis while considering the mechanical and electromagnetic properties. Therefore, in this paper, a high-speed permanent magnet generator's electromagnetic and stress characteristics have been mathematically derived, and the optimal point is selected based on NSGA-II. The objective functions are power density and efficiency, with the constraints being the current density, slot fill factor, core saturation, voltage limit, and rotor safety factor. The method presented in this study was verified via FEM analysis and experimental results of the optimal model.
Preparation and magnetic properties of Co2-based Heusler alloy glass-coated microwires with high Curie temperature
Authors: Salaheldeen M. , Ipatov M. , Zhukova V. , García-Gomez A. , Gonzalez J. , Zhukov A.
Published: February 2023

In this article, we studied the effect of annealing (600 °C for 1 h) and the applied magnetic field from 50 Oe to 20 kOe of Co2FeSi glass-coated microwires with ordered L21 structure prepared by Taylor–Ulitovsky technique on the magnetic behavior. The as-prepared and annealed samples show a ferromagnetic behavior at the range of measuring temperature (5 to 400 K) and magnetic field (50 Oe to 20 kOe). M–H loops of as prepared sample do not show a squared shape. Meanwhile, perfectly squared hysteresis loops have detected for the annealed sample. In addition, annealed sample shows high magnetization M/M5K ratio, coercivity, and anisotropy field, as-compared to the as-prepared one. The annealed sample shows considerable irreversibility when the magnetic behavior changes with temperature upon the applied magnetic field at 50 and 200 Oe. Such irreversibility does not found in the as-prepared sample measured at the same magnetic field due to mixed amorphous and crystalline structure. By increasing the external magnetic field higher than 200 Oe and up to 20 kOe a gradual changing in the magnetic behavior has been detected where the irreversibility disappeared at applying magnetic field about 1 kOe and the magnetic behavior is totally change by increasing the external magnetic field up to the maximum 20 kOe. The difference in the magnetic behavior of the annealed glass-coated Co2FeSi glass-coated microwires indicates the effect of internal stresses induced by the presence of the glass-coating and the annealing-induced recrystallization.
Magnetization in iron based compounds: A machine learning model analysis
Authors: Khatri Yogesh , Sharma Rajesh , Shah Ashutosh , Kashyap Arti
Published: February 2023

In material science domain, the data availability has made it possible to design and test machine learning models not only to strengthen our understanding of various properties of materials but also to give predictive capabilities through finding trends and patterns. Here, we report the insight into magnetization of Iron based compounds using the machine learning model and by doing the model interpretability analysis using SHapley Additive exPlanations. Most of the Iron based compounds are magnetic in nature and are well studied with abundant data available in different repositories. We have used data from Materials Project.
Growth temperature-controlled Gilbert damping and anisotropies in PLD grown epitaxial Co2FeSi Heusler alloy thin film
Authors: Sharma Vipul , Kumar Prashant , Sharma Vinay , Kuanr Bijoy Kumar
Published: February 2023

The utilization of spin rather than charge as a functional aspect in the electronic devices will result in an energy-efficient, thermally stable, and fast operation. Cobalt-based Heusler alloy Co2FeSi (CFS) offers excellent possibilities due to its high curie temperature, large spin polarization, and low Gilbert damping (α). Small damping makes the alloy fascinating for spin transfer torque magnetoresistive random-access memory (STT-MRAM) devices where a low α causes a low value of switching current. The present investigation explored the effect of deposition temperature on the chemical, structural and magnetic properties of the pulsed laser deposition grown single-crystal CFS film of thickness 50 nm on a lattice-matched (001) MgO substrate. The XRD data suggest that Co site atomic ordering and overall film crystallinity improved with temperature, resulting in a minimal value of α obtained from ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) experiment in the film grown at 600°C. The azimuthal angular variation (φ) of FMR field data gives a fourfold anisotropy pattern that confirms the single-crystal CFS film epitaxially grown on the MgO substrate. Two in-plane anisotropies, namely cubic (four-fold) and uniaxial, were obtained in all the samples. This investigation is crucial in the fabrication of fast spintronics based memory and processing devices.
The influence of structural parameters and layout form of silicon sheet on the spectrum characteristics of magnetic field in propulsion motor
Authors: Liang Xiaoyu , Li Wanquan , Gao Jialin , Wang Mingqiao , Zheng Ping , Li Jianghan
Published: February 2023

For some propulsion motors that can utilize reluctance torque, the structure of d- and q-axis is different, resulting in more motor parameters and longer design cycle. To improve the design efficiency, the relationship between the spectrum characteristics of the magnetic field and the spatial distribution of silicon sheet in propulsion motor is researched and analyzed. A new design process is proposed based on researching this influence. By analyzing the spectrum characteristics of existing motor structures, the range of parameter optimization to achieve the final design is reduced. Finally, a simple example is given to verify the feasibility of the method by finite element method (FEM) and analyze the existing problems.