bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAFHÛM AL-RÛḤ (AL-ÂTMAN) FÎ AL-NUṢÛṢ AL-HINDÛSIYYAH
Authors: Zuhri Mishbah Khoiruddin
Published: July 2020

The spirit (al-Âtman) is a Hindu metaphysical subject. It is spritual existence, intangible by the senses, and abstracted from material physical matters. It is not subject to natural laws, which go beyond the limits of nature. It is the life force of living beings, and a spiritual substance that is not perceived by ordinary means. It is the source of life and movement in all assets.  Âtman is immortal and inexhaustible.
Legal Domicile of the Parties in a Simple Lawsuit
Authors: Ully Artha
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to examine the publication of Perma No. 2 of 2015 concerning Procedures for Settling a Simple Lawsuit. Perma can be seen as one solution to meet the needs of the community for dispute resolution procedures quickly and simply. The substance contained in Perma is to uphold the principle of justice which is simple, fast, and low cost. Therefore, the requirements in a simple lawsuit are limited in nature, where if one of the conditions is not fulfilled, the case cannot be resolved through the Simple Lawsuit Procedure in accordance with Perma No. 2 of 2015. The results of the author's research, the Perma substance is needed to be improved, because the limitation of jurisdiction is only one legal domicile and the use of legal counsel in a simple claim is something that needs to be regulated in more detail, in the future to further encourage the use of a simple claim mechanism as a instrument of applying the principle of justice that is simple, fast, and low cost in Indonesia. The Supreme Court needs to regulate in more detail the role of the attorney in simple lawsuits, such as regulating the right to speak a legal representative and the problem of the absence of the principal in the event that the party is a legal entity; Electronic calling via Sms, whasapp and email can be an alternative used in the calling process, so Perma should regulate in more detail the terms and conditions of the validity of the information technology-based calling.

 

Tujuan penulisan ini adalah  untuk menelaah penerbitan Perma No. 2 Tahun 2015 tentang Tata Cara Penyelesaian Gugatan Sederhana. Perma itu dapat dipandang sebagai salah satu solusi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap prosedur penyelesaian sengketa dengan cepat dan sederhana. Substansi yang terkandung di dalam Perma yaitu menjunjung asas peradilan yang sederhana, cepat, dan berbiaya ringan. Oleh karena ini persyaratan dalam gugatan sederhana bersifat limitatif, di mana bila salah satu syarat tidak dipenuhi, maka perkara tersebut tidak dapat diselesaikan  melalui Prosedur Gugatan Sederhana sesuai PERMA No. 2 Tahun 2015. Hasil penelitian penulis, substansi Perma diperlukan pernyempurnaan, karena pembatasan yurisdiksi hanya pada satu domisili hukum dan penggunaan kuasa hukum dalam gugatan sederhana merupakan hal yang perlu diatur secara lebih rinci, di masa yang akan datang untuk lebih mendorong penggunaan mekanisme gugatan sederhana sebagai instrumen penerapan asas peradilan yang sederhana, cepat, dan berbiaya ringan di Indonesia. Mahkamah Agung perlu mengatur lebih rinci peran kuasa hukum dalam gugatan sederhana, seperti mengatur hak bicara kuasa hukum dan masalah ketidakhadiran prinsipal dalam hal pihak adalah badan hukum; Pemanggilan secara elektronik melalui SMS, WA dan email dapat menjadi alternatif yang digunakan dalam proses pemanggilan, maka PERMA sebaiknya mengatur secara lebih rinci syarat dan ketentuan keabsahan pemanggilan berbasis teknologi informasi tersebut.

 
Presumption of Innocence Against Criminal Offenders in the Police: A Critical Study
Authors: Wulandari Oktavia , Imron Ali , Ernawati Briliyan , Nurdin Nazar
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this paper is to conduct a critical study of the application of the presumption of innocence to the perpetrators of criminal acts (suspects) investigated by the police. Implementation of the principle is important to study because the suspect must not be considered guilty before the criminal act is proven. A review of this case was carried out at the Kendal Police Department in mid-2019-2020. Writing texts are written with a normative-empirical approach. The non-doctrinal approach was chosen because it can clearly examine the application of the principle of presumption of innocence in more depth. Therefore, the author considers it necessary to carefully examine the application of these principles in the process of law enforcement at the police level. The results showed that the application of the principle of presumption of innocence in the Kendal Police Department was not optimal, because some of its applications were colored by threats and acts of violence. The suboptimal application of this principle is influenced by various factors, including the lack of legal knowledge of suspects and threats and acts of violence that are not reported. As we know the presumption of innocence is a fundamental principle in the criminal justice system, where a person must be positioned innocent before his guilt is proven in an honest and open trial.
Legal Protection for Disability Workers in Semarang: Case Study at PT. Samwon Busana Indonesia
Authors: Indarti Retno , Masyithoh Novita Dewi , Nurhayati Tri
Published: July 2020

The purpose of this study is to measure legal protection and employment opportunities for persons with disabilities who work in various companies in the city of Semarang, Central Java. As is known, the right to work for citizens is regulated in Article 27 Paragraph 2 of the 1945 Constitution, which mandates the right of citizens to get a decent job and life. Every citizen has the same rights and the state (government) has regulated these rights in terms of obtaining employment without exception, including persons with disabilities. This study uses a juridical-empirical (non-doctrinal) approach, which examines how employment opportunities and legal protection of persons with disabilities in the city of Semarang, especially in PT. Samwon Clothing Indonesia. Primary data sources were obtained from PT. Samwon Busana Indonesia through interviews, secondary data in the form of legal material. Data Collection Method with Interview and Documentation methods, Data Analysis is done by a descriptive method. The results showed that employment opportunities for workers with disabilities in the city of Semarang, especially in PT Samwon Busana Indonesia had fulfilled one percent of the total employees. The total disability workers at the company are 14 out of a total of 1317 employees. In terms of legal protection, all employees both with disabilities and do not get the same rights and opportunities to be treated fairly. In addition, fulfillment of the rights of workers with disabilities is also fulfilled without discrimination.
The effect of plant extracts on growth and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of Microcystis flos-aquae
Authors: Shi Yuxin , Shen Anglu , Tan Meng , He Peimin , Shao Liu
Published: July 2020

The cyanobacteria Microcystis flos-aquae can cause harmful algal blooms in waterbodies, which threaten the normal functioning of aquatic ecosystems and human health. Some plant extracts are considered as promising algaecides. In this study, the effects of ten plant extracts (Cinnamomum camphora, Ginkgo biloba, Firmiana platanifolia, Salix babylonica, Euphorbia humifusa, Erigeron annuus, Solidago canadensis, Alternanthera philoxeroides, Thalia dealbata and Eichhornia crassipes) against M. flos-aquae were investigated. The results showed that all ten plant extracts had a significant inhibitory effect on M. flos-aquae growth after 96 h (P < 0.01). The inhibition rates of S. babylonica, E. humifusa, S. canadensis and A. philoxeroides were over 70.00%. Furthermore, the E. humifusa extract had the best inhibitory effect on the photosynthesis of M. flos-aquae, with the effective quantum yield of photosystem II and maximal relative electron transport rate decreasing by 97.50% and 97.00%, respectively, after 96 h. Additionally, the E. humifusa extract was found to be non-toxic to non-target organisms such as Brachydanio rerio and Vallisneria spiralis within 96 h. This study contributes to the existing knowledge and data of freshwater cyanobacteria blooms, and provides insights for their control and the restoration of freshwater systems affected by cyanobacteria blooms.
Perioperative risk factors for delirium development after elective cardiovascular surgery
Authors: Pasyuga V. , Demin D. , Nudel I. , Demina E. , Kadykova A. , Tarasov D. , Leiderman I.
Published: July 2020

Aim. This study was conducted to determine the incidence of delirium after cardiac surgery and its effect on the length of the patient’s stay in the ICU and to identify the perioperative risk factors.Methods. This research was a retrospective assessment of 1941 medical records and the course of the perioperative period in patients subjected to elective cardiac surgery.Results. Delirium developed in 193 cases (9.94%); whereas, hyperactive, hypoactive and mixed delirium was observed in 13%, 43% and 44% of the patients, respectively. Most often (26% of the cases), delirium occurred after complex combined surgeries. Independent risk factors for the development of delirium were older age (OR 1.041, 95% CI [1.002–1.081], p = 0.038), EuroSCORE II score (OR 1.286, 95% CI [1.093–1.731], p = 0.025), acute kidney injury (OR 1.306, 95% CI [1.107–1.942], p = 0.0018) and renal replacement therapy (OR 1.399 95% CI [1.361–2.792], p = 0.001). Cardiopulmonary bypass duration and time of clamping of the aorta, postoperative serum creatinine level, need for blood transfusions and duration of mechanical ventilation and duration of ICU stay were identified as predictors and were also significantly higher in the delirium group. Delirium was closely associated with critical illness polyneuropathy (OR 9.201, 95% CI [2.13–38.826], p < 0.001) and neurogenic dysphagia (OR 7.48, 95% CI [1.12–56.07], p = 0.022).Conclusion. The key factors for delirium development in the postoperative period include advanced age, high EuroSCORE II scale and acute kidney injury requiring continuous renal replacement therapy. Delirium significantly increases the duration of mechanical ventilation and the duration of ICU stay.Received 30 January 2020. Revised 18 March 2020. Accepted 24 March 2020.Funding: The study did not have sponsorship.Conflict of interest: Authors declare no conflict of interest.Author contributionsConception and design: V.V. Pasyuga, I.N. LeidermanData collection: D.A. Demin, E.V. Demina, I.L. Nudel, V.V. Pasyuga Data analysis: V.V. Pasyuga, I.N. Leiderman, D.A. Demin, D.G. TarasovDrafting the article: V.V. Pasyuga, D.A. DeminCritical revision of the article: I.N. Leiderman, A.V. KadykovaFinal approval of the version to be published: V.V. Pasyuga, D.A. Demin, I.L. Nudel, E.V. Demina, A.V. Kadykova, D.G. Tarasov, I.N. Leiderman
Marka Farkındalığı İle Satın Alma Niyeti Arasındaki İlişki Bağlamında Televizyon Dizilerinde Ürün Yerleştirme
Authors: Başarır Öner
Published: July 2020

Günümüzde, markalar rekabette bir adım öne geçmek adına gelenekselin dışında pazarlama stratejileri uygulamaktadır. Yaratıcı boyutlarıyla dikkat çeken ürün yerleştirme uygulamaları da bu stratejilerden biri olarak öne çıkmaktadır. Ürün yerleştirme; sinema, televizyon ve benzeri mecralarda markalı bir ürünün kendisinin veya ürüne yönelik reklam içeriğinin bulunması, stüdyo ortamlarında markası olan bir ürünün gözle görülür bir şekilde konumlandırılması gibi yollarla, reklam olduğu vurgulanmadan ürünün reklamının yapılması olarak tanımlanmaktadır Bu çalışmada amaç; televizyon dizilerindeki ürün yerleştirme uygulamalarının, marka farkındalığı ve satın alma niyeti ile ilişkisini tespit etmektir. Bu amaca yönelik olarak, bir anket çalışması yapılmış ve katılımcıların, ürün yerleştirme ile ilgili tutumları ölçülmeye çalışılmıştır. Akabinde, bu tutumların marka farkındalığına ve satın alma niyetine etkisi değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda, ürün yerleştirme uygulamalarının marka farkındalığı yaratmaya yardımcı olduğu ve marka farkındalığının da satın alma niyetinde etkisinin söz konusu olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies in Clinical Practice against Cancer
Authors: Kaur Navgeet , Goyal Anju , Sindhu Rakesh K.
Published: July 2020

The importance of monoclonal antibodies in oncology has increased drastically following the discovery
of Milstein and Kohler. Since the first approval of the monoclonal antibody, i.e. Rituximab in 1997 by the
FDA, there was a decline in further applications but this number has significantly increased over the last three
decades for various therapeutic applications due to the lesser side effects in comparison to the traditional chemotherapy
methods. Presently, numerous monoclonal antibodies have been approved and many are in queue for
approval as a strong therapeutic agent for treating hematologic malignancies and solid tumors. The main target
checkpoints for the monoclonal antibodies against cancer cells include EGFR, VEGF, CD and tyrosine kinase
which are overexpressed in malignant cells. Other immune checkpoints like CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-1 receptors
targeted by the recently developed antibodies increase the capability of the immune system in destroying the
cancerous cells. Here, in this review, the mechanism of action, uses and target points of the approved mAbs
against cancer have been summarized.
Association between Human Leukocyte Antigen-DQ Polymorphisms and Treatment Response in Chronic Hepatitis B Egyptian Population: A Prospective Study
Authors: Mohamed Amal A. , Abd-Elsalam Sherief , Zaghloul Mariam , Attala Mohamed , Khattab Rania A. , Khater Amir , El-damasy Dalia A. , El-Sayed Eman , Hassanin Soha , Hawash Nehad , Mohamed Mohmoud R.
Published: July 2020

Background & Aims:

Several studies, in different populations, have focused on the role of HLA-DQ gene polymorphism in the pathogenesis of HBV infection. However, these findings are still controversial. This study aimed to determine HLA-DQ polymorphism in Chronic HBV patients and its impact on the response to antiviral therapy.

Methods:

This study was carried out on a total number of 188 participants, they were subdivided as follows: Group I (patients’ group): included 97 patients with chronic hepatitis B viral infection that was further subdivided according to response to treatment into responder and non-responder subgroups, Group II (Control group): included 91 normal healthy subjects who were matched to the patient group by sex and age. PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) testing, for HBV-DNA, was done for all participants enrolled in the study to measure the viral virus load before and after treatment. HLA- DQ polymorphism allelic discrimination assay was assayed using the Real-time equipment.

Results:

In a general analysis for the SNP rs7453920, the overall genotypes frequencies were 37% for A/A, 60.6% for A/G, and 37% for G/G. The G alleles of HLA-DQ rs7453920 were significantly increased in chronic HBV infection patients. A total of 77 (79.4%) patients were responders. Among this group, 72.7% were male, and the average age was 38.59 ±9.15 years. On evaluation of the association between polymorphisms in HLA-DQ gene and treatment response, the results indicated that response to treatment declined when patients were carrying the more unfavorable rs 7453920 GG with a response rate of 64%. Patients carrying the mutant allele AG, or the wild type allele AA were more likely to achieve a higher rate of response (84.8% and 83.3%, respectively).

Conclusion:

The presence of HLA-DQB2 rs 7453920-G serves as a risk factor for chronic HBV infection and treatment failure in the Egyptian population.
Recent Applications of Nanomaterials Based on Electrochemical Drug Analysis
Authors: Senturk Huseyin , Karadeniz Hakan , Erdem Arzum
Published: July 2020

Nanomaterials, owing to their progressive development, could be widely used in electrochemical
drug analysis due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Herein, we have presented
a general perspective on electrochemical approaches based on different nanomaterials for drug
analysis, that were performed in the last decade.
Anti-intelectualismo, neoconservadorismo e reacionarismo no brasil contemporâneo: o movimento escola sem partido e a perseguição aos professores
Authors: Picoli Bruno Antonio , Radaelli Samuel Mânica , Tedesco Anderson Luiz
Published: July 2020

Este artigo discute, em sua problemática, a possibilidade de estabelecer uma relação entre o anti-intelectualismo reacionário que condenou Sócrates à ingestão de cicuta na Grécia e a atual perseguição aos professores empreendidas por movimentos como o Escola Sem Partido (MESP). Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa, de natureza qualitativa, envolvendo estudos bibliográficos. A análise evidencia que o Movimento Escola Sem Partido está enraizado em valores religiosos fundamentalistas, apoiado e fortalecido por partidos, instituições e líderes religiosos alinhados ao neoconservadorismo. Conclui-se que o anti-intelectualismo denunciado por Sócrates sempre esteve presente ouadormecido na tradição ocidental. Precisamente no caso brasileiro, o Movimento Escola Sem Partido assumiu características de uma radicalização da tendência anti-intelectual que se projeta sobre a cultura e a educação e direciona para os professores e professoras seu mais perverso reacionarismo.
Comparación de dos métodos de coagulación del látex de Hevea brasiliensis ((Willd. ex A.Juss.) Müll.Arg.
Authors: Sarabia Ortíz Armando , Rodríguez Caicedo Luis Felipe
Published: July 2020

El caucho (Hevea brasiliensis) es un cultivo ampliamente producido en la zona del Magdalena medio colombiano. Para obtener caucho natural a partir de látex se utilizan coagulantes que permitan su solidificación, siendo el ácido fórmico el más empleado; sin embargo, estas sustancias tienen consecuencias en quienes las manipulan y en el medio ambiente. En el presente trabajo se compararon dos métodos de extracción el convencional (uso del ácido fórmico) con otro método no convencional (uso de ácido cítrico). El ácido fórmico se destacó por su rapidez, aunque resulta más caro que el ácido cítrico. Los dos métodos generaron láminas de similar elasticidad, El ácido cítrico, por su parte, produjo mejores resultados en elasticidad e impacto ambiental; siendo recomendado su uso para la extracción de látex, para la región del Magdalena medio.
Editorial, Volumen 23(1) revista Temas Agrarios.
Authors: Campo Arana Rodrigo Orlando
Published: July 2020

Editorial revista Temas Agrarios
Relationship Between Mobile Digital Sensor Monitoring and Perioperative Outcomes: Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: Memon Ali , Lec Patrick , Lenis Andrew , Sharma Vidit , Wood Erika , Schade George , Brisbane Wayne
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Monitoring surgical recovery has traditionally been confined to metrics measurable within the hospital and clinic setting. However, commercially available mobile sensors are now capable of extending measurements into a patient’s home. As these sensors were developed for nonmedical applications, their clinical role has yet to be established. The aim of this systematic review is to evaluate the relationship between data generated by mobile sensors and postoperative outcomes.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study is to describe the current use of mobile sensors in the perioperative setting and the correlation between their data and clinical outcomes.

METHODS

A systematic search of EMBASE, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library from inception until April 2019 was performed to identify studies of surgical patients monitored with mobile sensors. Sensors were considered if they collected patient metrics such as step count, temperature, or heart rate. Studies were included if patients underwent major surgery (≥1 inpatient postoperative day), patients were monitored using mobile sensors in the perioperative period, and the study reported postoperative outcomes (ie, complications and hospital readmission). For studies including step count, a pooled analysis of the step count per postoperative day was calculated for the complication and noncomplication cohorts using mean and a random-effects linear model. The Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation tool was used to assess study quality.

RESULTS

From 2209 abstracts, we identified 11 studies for review. Reviewed studies consisted of either prospective observational cohorts (n=10) or randomized controlled trials (n=1). Activity monitors were the most widely used sensors (n=10), with an additional study measuring temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate (n=1). Low step count was associated with worse postoperative outcomes. A median step count of around 1000 steps per postoperative day was associated with adverse surgical outcomes. Within the studies, there was heterogeneity between the type of surgery and type of reported postoperative outcome.

CONCLUSIONS

Despite significant heterogeneity in the type of surgery and sensors, low step count was associated with worse postoperative outcomes across surgical specialties. Further studies and standardization are needed to assess the role of mobile sensors in postoperative care, but a threshold of approximately 1000 steps per postoperative day warrants further investigation.
AutoScore: A Machine Learning–Based Automatic Clinical Score Generator and Its Application to Mortality Prediction Using Electronic Health Records (Preprint)
Authors: Xie Feng , Chakraborty Bibhas , Ong Marcus Eng Hock , Goldstein Benjamin Alan , Liu Nan
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Risk scores can be useful in clinical risk stratification and accurate allocations of medical resources, helping health providers improve patient care. Point-based scores are more understandable and explainable than other complex models and are now widely used in clinical decision making. However, the development of the risk scoring model is nontrivial and has not yet been systematically presented, with few studies investigating methods of clinical score generation using electronic health records.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to propose AutoScore, a machine learning–based automatic clinical score generator consisting of 6 modules for developing interpretable point-based scores. Future users can employ the AutoScore framework to create clinical scores effortlessly in various clinical applications.

METHODS

We proposed the AutoScore framework comprising 6 modules that included variable ranking, variable transformation, score derivation, model selection, score fine-tuning, and model evaluation. To demonstrate the performance of AutoScore, we used data from the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center to build a scoring model for mortality prediction and then compared the data with other baseline models using the receiver operating characteristic analysis. A software package in R 3.5.3 (R Foundation) was also developed to demonstrate the implementation of AutoScore.

RESULTS

Implemented on the data set with 44,918 individual admission episodes of intensive care, the AutoScore-created scoring models performed comparably well as other standard methods (ie, logistic regression, stepwise regression, least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and random forest) in terms of predictive accuracy and model calibration but required fewer predictors and presented high interpretability and accessibility. The nine-variable, AutoScore-created, point-based scoring model achieved an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.780 (95% CI 0.764-0.798), whereas the model of logistic regression with 24 variables had an AUC of 0.778 (95% CI 0.760-0.795). Moreover, the AutoScore framework also drives the clinical research continuum and automation with its integration of all necessary modules.

CONCLUSIONS

We developed an easy-to-use, machine learning–based automatic clinical score generator, AutoScore; systematically presented its structure; and demonstrated its superiority (predictive performance and interpretability) over other conventional methods using a benchmark database. AutoScore will emerge as a potential scoring tool in various medical applications.
Mobile Health Application in China: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Yang Le , Wu Jiadong , Mo Xiaoxiao , Chen Yaqin , Huang Shanshan , Zhou Linlin , Dai Jiaqi , Xie Linna , Chen Siyu , Shang Hao , Rao Beibei , Weng Bingtao , Abulimiti Ayiguli , Cai Yingying , Xu Xingyan , Wu Siying , Xie Xiaoxu
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Mobile health applications are emerging as a novel platform to obtain data pertinent to wellness and disease diagnosis, prevention, and management. As the future general trend of medical informatization, mobile health is an indispensable way to promote universal medical care to reduce disease burden. The features of these mHealth apps in China is unclear, so we collected a wide range of application information to evaluate these apps effectively.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to provide a landscape of mHealth apps on the existing market in China. We expect that based on the actual state, this study can give future development directions of mHealth apps.

METHODS

We searched mHealth apps from five android app stores (Huawei, Oppo, Vivo, Tencent, and 360), Apple App Store (IOS), and Baidu search engine up to October 25, 2019. We also searched the inventory of the top 100 Chinese hospitals in 2018 and four online shopping sites (Tmall, JD, Pinduoduo, and Suning) to identify apps of Internet hospitals and intelligent devices, respectively.

RESULTS

We identified 2425 mHealth apps (93.3% android, 69.2% iPhone) in the primary analysis, whose intentional users were ordinary consumers (Android 1808/2262, 79.9%; IOS 1350/1677, 80.5%). 56.1% (1168/2081) of app developers were Internet companies. More than 90% of apps were available free of cost (Android 2111/2262, 93.3%; IOS 1615/1677, 96.3%), but in-app purchases accounted for more than 60% (Android 1397/2262, 61.8%; IOS 1189/1677, 70.9%). Of the 1285 public available apps, 1248 were for health management, of which 26.3% (328/1248) were related to bodybuilding, and 13.7% (171/1248) were related to women's health. The other 697 apps were used for medical support, and 289 of them were related to inquiries. The permissions required by the apps include claiming the network (2081/2107), reading the status and identity of the phone (1881/2107) , and location (1799/2107).

CONCLUSIONS

With the increasing condition of the paid and membership system, rising profit of mHealth app drives various industries to move forward. This study guides research designs of future apps in mHealth field. The prospect of mHealth app is bright, but there exists a critical condition in claiming excessive permissions, security, and legal management, which need to be further strengthened.
Development of a Social Network for People Without a Diagnosis (RarePairs): Evaluation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kühnle Lara , Mücke Urs , Lechner Werner M , Klawonn Frank , Grigull Lorenz
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Diagnostic delay in rare disease (RD) is common, occasionally lasting up to more than 20 years. In attempting to reduce it, diagnostic support tools have been studied extensively. However, social platforms have not yet been used for systematic diagnostic support. This paper illustrates the development and prototypic application of a social network using scientifically developed questions to match individuals without a diagnosis.

OBJECTIVE

The study aimed to outline, create, and evaluate a prototype tool (a social network platform named RarePairs), helping patients with undiagnosed RDs to find individuals with similar symptoms. The prototype includes a matching algorithm, bringing together individuals with similar disease burden in the lead-up to diagnosis.

METHODS

We divided our project into 4 phases. In phase 1, we used known data and findings in the literature to understand and specify the context of use. In phase 2, we specified the user requirements. In phase 3, we designed a prototype based on the results of phases 1 and 2, as well as incorporating a state-of-the-art questionnaire with 53 items for recognizing an RD. Lastly, we evaluated this prototype with a data set of 973 questionnaires from individuals suffering from different RDs using 24 distance calculating methods.

RESULTS

Based on a step-by-step construction process, the digital patient platform prototype, RarePairs, was developed. In order to match individuals with similar experiences, it uses answer patterns generated by a specifically designed questionnaire (Q53). A total of 973 questionnaires answered by patients with RDs were used to construct and test an artificial intelligence (AI) algorithm like the k-nearest neighbor search. With this, we found matches for every single one of the 973 records. The cross-validation of those matches showed that the algorithm outperforms random matching significantly. Statistically, for every data set the algorithm found at least one other record (match) with the same diagnosis.

CONCLUSIONS

Diagnostic delay is torturous for patients without a diagnosis. Shortening the delay is important for both doctors and patients. Diagnostic support using AI can be promoted differently. The prototype of the social media platform RarePairs might be a low-threshold patient platform, and proved suitable to match and connect different individuals with comparable symptoms. This exchange promoted through RarePairs might be used to speed up the diagnostic process. Further studies include its evaluation in a prospective setting and implementation of RarePairs as a mobile phone app.
Delivery of digital services at scale: System considerations for the design, development, and implementation of patient portals (Preprint)
Authors: Fujioka Jamie Keiko , Bickford Julia , Jamieson Trevor , Bhatia R Sacha , Desveaux Laura
Published: July 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Large scale investments in patient portal implementations are increasing in prevalence in an effort to support the shift towards patient-centered care alongside system modernization. Patient portals are secure online platforms that allow patients access to their clinical information owned and maintained by a single or multiple healthcare organizations. They are related to but distinct from personal health records, which facilitate patient access to data owned and managed by patients. Despite the promise of improved patient satisfaction and widespread examination of the barriers and facilitators to adoption, realization of benefits is often precluded by suboptimal engagement. This viewpoint outlines core considerations for the design, development, and implementation of patient portals that stem beyond the technology itself and consider the influence of user priorities, organizational context, and the socio-political environment. We discuss key considerations for implementation which include: 1) Technology (the technology’s design and selection); 2) Implementation (the consideration of patient, provider, and organizational factors); and 3) System Enablers (the sociopolitical factors that influence sustainability). We conclude by outlining evidence-based recommendations for decision-makers and system administrators to guide the introduction and implementation of patient portals in their local setting.
Development of Serious Games for Behaviour Change: A Practical Methodology (Preprint)
Authors: Catalina Ortega Carlos Alberto , Kolić-Vehovec Svjetlana , Rončević Zubković Barbara , Smojver-Ažić Sanja , Martinac Dorčić Tamara
Published: July 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Objectives: The main purpose of the paper is to define a new methodology that allows the design of Serious Games that promote a behavioural change. The methodology is based on the Intervention Mapping Protocol (IMP) to define all the information and interventions and Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) to promote the behaviour change.

Materials and methods: The methodology is based on the experience of game designers and psychologies within the eConfidence H2020 research project in which a new methodology was designed and implemented in two serious games. The game development methodology is described in six steps to be followed, with the psychological perspective integrated with the game design. Both games were tested in 10 schools with a pre and post-test for the data analysis.

Results: Both games developed within the methodology present relevant findings on the change of behaviour of the users. Additionally, the proposed metric integrated allows a database improvement of the games to get better results.

Conclusion: New methodology for design and study effectiveness of Serious Games that promote behavioural changes, was designed and integrated into two serious games that demonstrate changes in the users. The methodology could help other teams in the work of design and assess the effectiveness of a Serious Game for behavioural change.
Assessment of mHealth Interventions: Need for New Studies, Methods, and Guidelines for Study Designs (Preprint)
Authors: Ologeanu-Taddei Roxana
Published: July 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

This viewpoint argues that the clinical effects of mobile health (mHealth) interventions depends on the acceptance and adoption of these interventions and their mediators, such as usability of the mHealth software, software performance and features, training and motivation of patients and health care professionals to participate in the experience, or characteristics of the intervention (eg, personalized feedback).
Psychotherapeutic components of commercially available virtual reality games (Preprint)
Authors: Osmanovic Thunström Almira , Sarajlic Vuković Iris , Ali Lilas , Larson Tomas , Steingrimsson Steinn
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Immersive virtual reality (VR) games are increasingly becoming part of everyday life. Several studies support immersive VR technology as a treatment method for mental health problems. There is however minimal research into the feasibility, prevalence, and quality of commercially available VR games on commercial platforms as tools for treatment or add on to treatment of mental health problems.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore the prevalence, feasibility and quality of commercially available games related to psychotherapy on a commercially available platform.

METHODS

We performed a search for keywords related to diagnosis and treatment strategies of mental health problems. The search was performed during March 27th on STEAM (VR content and gaming platform). A usability scale was used as a tool to look at the interaction and usability of the games, the VR-UI-UX-8. The tool contains 8 statements about usability scored 0-10, 0 indicating “Not at all” and 10 indicating “very much so”. The score ranges from 0-80 with a higher score indicating worse usability.

RESULTS

In total, 516 hits were found, 371 unique games. After the games were reviewed, 83 games passed the inclusion criteria, were purchased and played. Majority of the games which were excluded were either not connected to mental health, contained violence, adult content or were in other ways irrelevant or inappropriate. The mean score for the games on the VR-UI-UX-8 was 16.5 (standard deviation 15.8) with a range from 0-68. Most relevant and feasible games were found in the search words meditation, mindfulness, and LSD.

CONCLUSIONS

Commercial platforms hold great potential for VR games with psychotherapeutic components. The platforms are only at the beginning of the development towards serious games, e-learning and psychotherapeutic treatments. Currently the quality and usability for clinical and at home applicability are scarce, but hold great potential.
Topics, Delivery Modes, and Social-Epistemological Dimensions of Web-Based Information for Patients Undergoing Renal Transplant and Living Donors During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: van Klaveren Charlotte W , de Jong Peter G M , Hendriks Renée A , Luk Franka , de Vries Aiko P J , van der Boog Paul J M , Reinders Marlies E J
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 pandemic has markedly affected renal transplant care. During this time of social distancing, limited in-person visits, and uncertainty, patients and donors are relying more than ever on telemedicine and web-based information. Several factors can influence patients’ understanding of web-based information, such as delivery modes (instruction, interaction, and assessment) and social-epistemological dimensions (choices in interactive knowledge building).

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to systemically evaluate the content, delivery modes, and social-epistemological dimensions of web-based information on COVID-19 and renal transplantation at time of the pandemic.

METHODS

Multiple keyword combinations were used to retrieve websites on COVID-19 and renal transplantation using the search engines Google.com and Google.nl. From 14 different websites, 30 webpages were examined to determine their organizational sources, topics, delivery modes, and social-epistemological dimensions.

RESULTS

The variety of topics and delivery modes was limited. A total of 13 different delivery modes were encountered, of which 8 (62%) were instructional and 5 (38%) were interactional; no assessment delivery modes were observed. No website offered all available delivery modes. The majority of delivery modes (8/13, 62%) focused on individual and passive learning, whereas group learning and active construction of knowledge were rarely encountered.

CONCLUSIONS

By taking interactive knowledge transfer into account, the educational quality of eHealth for transplant care could increase, especially in times of crisis when rapid knowledge transfer is needed.
Evaluating Incidence and Impact Estimates of the Coronavirus Outbreak from Wuhan before Lockdown (Preprint)
Authors: He Mai , Li Li , Dehner Louis P.
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Wuhan, China was the original epicenter of COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

The goal of the current study is to understand the infection transmission dynamics before intervention measures were taken, such as issuing a lockdown for the city and other social distancing policies.

METHODS

Data and key events were searched through pubmed for medical literature and internet for Chinese government announcements and Chinese media reports. Epidemiological data including R0 and infection were calculated using data extracted from variety of data sources.

RESULTS

We established a timeline emphasizing evidence of human-to-human transmission. By January 1, 2020, Chinese authorities had been presented convincing evidence of human-to-human transmission; however, it was until January 20, 2020 that this information was shared with the public. Our study estimated that there would have been 10,989 total infected cases if interventions were taken on January 2, 2020, vs 239,875 cases when lockdown was put in place on January 23, 2020.

CONCLUSIONS

China’s withholding of key information about the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic and its delayed response ultimately led to the largest public health crisis of this century and could have been avoided with earlier countermeasures.

CLINICALTRIAL

Not applicable.
Evaluation of problem-based learning innovation in medical education during the COVID-19 pandemic: a qualitative study among medical students (Preprint)
Authors: Chen Meiling , Wang Siyi , Akinwunmi Babatunde , Ming Wai-Kit
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Most educators affected by the COVID-19 epidemic have had to find the most appropriate teaching approach to deal with this emergency teaching situation, i.e., an approach that can make good use of various teaching resources to achieve high adaptability. According to the characteristics of medical students and the course content of clinical clerkship, we adopted the problem-based learning (PBL) method to redesign the pedagogy of clerkship. At the end of the semester, the feasibility of the PBL teaching model in emergency remote teaching (ERT), which has an impact on students' learning experience and preference, was evaluated. Compared with other countries affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, the outbreak time and recovery time in China are both earlier; thus, the evaluation and feedback of ERT can provide the referential evidence to global educators and institutions.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this study was to explore medical students' learning experience in ERT to understand how these positive and negative perceptions influence their learning preferences in different teaching modes and how the PBL model combined digital technology to influence teaching quality.

METHODS

Among 123 medical students from Jinan University, China, who participated in the questionnaire at the end of the ERT in the clinical clerkship course, 25 volunteered to have a further in-depth interview. We randomly select five veterinary students to participate in the one-on-one in-depth online interview, which was conducted within 30 minutes. After coding of the transcription by the NVivo 12.0 software, the collected qualitative data would undergo a thematic analysis.

RESULTS

The thematic analysis indicated two main themes. One is that the adoption of PBL is the crucial for overseas medical students to evaluate ERT positively, and is depicted by one sub-theme: positive comment contributions. The other theme is that clinical practice as the core of medical education has a decisive influence on the teaching mode preference of medical students, as depicted by two sub-themes: negative comment contributions; and preference in different teaching methods.

CONCLUSIONS

Although medical students preferred an offline teaching mode due to practical requirements, they generally gave positive comments on this ERT because of the PBL method pedagogy. This indicated the feasibility of the online PBL teaching method in medical education. Moreover, medical students' preferences in the combination of the online and offline teaching mode revealed a revolutionary new direction of revolution in medical education.
Effective Control of COVID-19 in South Korea: Cross-Sectional Study of Epidemiological Data (Preprint)
Authors: Jeong Gwang Hun , Lee Hyo Jeong , Lee Jinhee , Lee Jun Young , Lee Keum Hwa , Han Young Joo , Yoon Sojung , Ryu Seohyun , Kim Da Kyung , Park Myung Bae , Yang Jae Won , Effenberger Maria , Eisenhut Michael , Hong Sung Hwi , Kronbichler Andreas , Ghayda Ramy Abou , Shin Jae Il
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

South Korea is one of the few countries that has succeeded in flattening the curve of new COVID-19 cases and avoiding a second outbreak by implementing multiple strategies, ranging from an individual level to the population level.

OBJECTIVE

We aim to discuss the unique strategies and epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in South Korea and present a summary of policies implemented by the Korean government during the COVID-19 pandemic.

METHODS

We designed a cross-sectional study of epidemiological data published by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention on October 1, 2020. We analyzed detailed epidemiological information of COVID-19 cases, including the number of confirmed cases and resulting deaths.

RESULTS

As of October 1, 2020, a total of 23,889 confirmed COVID-19 cases and 415 deaths were reported in South Korea. In this paper, we present data on the epidemiological characteristics and transmission of the disease and discuss how the South Korean government, health care providers, and society responded to the COVID-19 outbreak.

CONCLUSIONS

Understanding the epidemiological characteristics of COVID-19 in South Korea and the government’s successful efforts in managing the spread of the disease can provide important insights to other countries dealing with the ongoing pandemic.
Microscopía electrónica de transmisión para observar átomos: principios y desarrollo
Authors: Calderón Héctor A.
Published: July 2020

La microscopía electrónica es una herramienta importante en la caracterización de nanomateriales. En su modalidad de alta resolución, es posible obtener imágenes de las columnas de átomos que conforman una muestra o si el espesor es una monocapa, pueden obtenerse imágenes de átomos. Normalmente, el producto es una imagen con intensidades específicas, que para ser interpretado correctamente, se debe considerar la interacción del haz electrónico con la muestra. En este trabajo, se describen algunas características importantes de la microscopía electrónica de alta resolución y de resolución atómica. Asimismo, se proporcionan ejemplos de observaciones en materiales específicos. Se da atención especial a la interacción de los electrones con la muestra para obtener imágenes que reproduzcan la distribución atómica genuina y sin modificación por un haz electrónico demasiado intenso.
Debido proceso y motivación de las decisiones en el proceso penal dominicano
Authors: Arroyo Néstor
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo procura describir la aceptación del debido proceso y la motivación de las decisiones dentro del bloque de constitucionalidad en la jurisdicción penal dominicana y las interpretaciones que al respecto ha dado el Tribunal Constitucional Dominicano, concretándose un gran avance, especialmente formal-cualitativo, en la aplicación de la norma procesal penal dominicana. 
Aproximación a la Metodología de la Investigación Jurídica
Authors: Castellanos Hernández Eduardo De Jesús
Published: July 2020

A partir de la convicción de que todos los productos jurídicos en esencia son o deberían ser reportes de una investigación llevada a cabo con el rigor de la metodología de investigación de las ciencias sociales, se hace un recorrido por algunos de los conceptos centrales de la teoría del conocimiento, su método, su metodología y sus técnicas e instrumentos de recolección de datos, aplicados todos a la investigación jurídica.
Libertad sindical: derecho humano esencial
Authors: Lastra Lastra José Manuel
Published: July 2020

La prolongada marcha por la defensa del trabajo y su derecho a través del tiempo ha sido azarosa y cruenta, de ello, la historia humana puede dar muchos ejemplos La “clase laboriosa”, en su larga travesía histórica, ha luchado con estoicismo por la libertad de trabajo y de asociación profesional. En la época contemporánea diversas instituciones internacionales, entre ellas OIT (1919-2019) ya centenaria, procura y promueve la defensa de los derechos individuales y colectivos de la clase trabajadora. Aquí en este artículo, analizo la libertad sindical como un derecho humano esencial, a través de los Convenios 87 y 98 de OIT, ambos ratificados por México. La libertad sindical –dice F.Carinci−,  es libertad de lucha, inconclusa aún. El Tribunal Constitucional español, ha considerado que toda acción conforme a la ley del sindicato, forma parte del contenido esencial de la libertad sindical.
Beatriz Alcubierre, Niños de nadie. Usos de la infancia menesterosa en el contexto borbónico
Authors: Roselló Soberón Estela
Published: July 2020

Reseña sobre Beatriz Alcubierre, Niños de nadie. Usos de la infancia menesterosa en el contexto borbónico. México: Bonilla Artigas/Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos, 2017.