bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATP Synthesis Driven by a Valinomycine Induced K+ Diffusion Potential in Liposomes Bearing Chloroplast ATP Synthase
Authors: Dinant M. , Kaminski K.
Published: August 2018

Partially purified chloroplast ATP synthase was reconstituted into asolectin liposomes. A valinomycine induced potassium diffusion potential from outside to inside the vesicles promoted a measurable ATP synthesis. If valinomycine was replaced by nigericine, practically no ATP was formed
Yeast-Like Endosymbionts in an Ichneumonid Wasp
Authors: Middeldorf J. , Ruthmann A.
Published: August 2018

Vegetative cells and spores of a yeast-like micro organism found in various tissues in both sexes of the ichneumonid wasp Pimpla turionellae are passed to the offspring by infection of the oocytes. Because of their intranuclearspindles with spindle pole bodies associated with the nuclear envelope as pole structures, the microorganisms are thought to be yeasts or closely related to yeasts. The high vitality and fertility of the wasps seem to exclude a pathogenic infection. Both the passage of vesicles from the microorganisms to the host cytoplasm and their transmission to the next generation by the oocytes point to anendosymbiotic relationship
Neue Terphenylchinone aus Mycelkulturen von Punctularia atropurpurascens (Basidiomycetes) / New Terphenylquinones from Mycelial Cultures of Punctularia atropurpurascens (Basidiomycetes)
Authors: Anke Heidrun , Casser Ingrid , Herrfnann Rupert , Steglich Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

Three violet terphenylquinone pigments, 4′-hydroxyphlebiarubrone (2), 4′,4″-dihydroxy-phlebiarubrone (3), 3′,4′,4″-trihydroxyphlebiarubrone (4), and the already known pigment phlebiarubrone (1) were isolated from cultures of Punctularia atropurpurascens. The structures of the phlebiarubrone derivatives were determined by spectral evidence. The structure of 3 was confirmed by synthesis from atromentin (6). Two strains of the genus Punctularia obtained from CBS, were also found to produce these compounds, whereas with a third strain only the production of 1 was observed. 3 did not exhibit any antimicrobial or cytotoxic activity. The other pigments showed weak antibacterial and cytotoxic activity.
Tyrosine Oxidation by NO2
• in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Prütz Walter A.
Published: August 2018

Nitrogen dioxide, formed by γ-radiolysis in deaerated aqueous nitrate/nitrite solutions, is capable of oxidizing Gly-Tyr in favourable competition with the natural decay of NO2
• by dimerization and disproportionation. 2,2′-Biphenolic tyrosine dimers and nitro-tyrosine were identified spectroscopically as stable products. The results suggest that NO2
• reacts with the peptide by electron abstraction, generating Gly-Tr phenoxyl radicals (PheO•) which terminate by dimerization (2 PheO• → 2,2′-biphenol) and NO2
• -scavenging (PheO• + NO2
• → Nitro-Tyr).
Comparison of Different Methods for the Determination of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Activity in Rat Liver and Euglena gracilis
Authors: Fink Rita M. , Elstner Erich F.
Published: August 2018

Three different methods for the determination of phenylalanine hydroxylase activity have been compared:

a) Differential photometric assay of the increase in tyrosine concentration in the presence of phenylalanine;

b) Product separation by thin layer chromatography and scintillation counting of the [14C]tyrosine formed;

c) HPLC separation and spectrofluorometric quantification of derivatized amino acids.

A comparison of the activities of phenylalanine hydroxylase in rat liver and Euglena gracilis clearly showed that only rat liver contains this enzymic activity as shown by methods b) and c) although pseudo-activity of Euglena gracilis preparations was found during the spectrophotometric test a).

The HPLC method proved to be the fastest, most reliable and convenient method for direct tyrosine determination and thus for measuring phenylalanine hydroxylase activity.
On the Reactivity of Native Phytochrome
Authors: Eilfeld Peter , Rüdiger Wolfhart
Published: August 2018

Previous phytochrome models were based on experimental results obtained only with proteolytically degraded phytochrome. The reactivity of native phytochrome, in both the Pr and the Pfr form, towards 8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate (ANS), urea, and ethylene glycol is described here. Whereas native phytochrome in the Pfr form is only very slowly bleached by ANS, immediate bleaching occurs with ANS treated Pr during red irradiation. The bleached form, Pr660, can be converted into Pr660 by prolonged far-red irradiation. A tentative model for native phytochrome is proposed which explains the effects of phototransformation, ANS binding and partial proteolysis.
Uncoupling of Spinach Thylakoids by Gramine
Authors: Andreo Carlos S. , Orellano Elena G. , Niemeyer Hermann M.
Published: August 2018

The indol alkaloid gramine inhibited photophosphorylation, Pi-ATP exchange reaction and proton gradient, and enhanced electron transport in spinach thylakoids with I 50 around 0.2 mᴍ. It thus behaves as a typical uncoupler of photophosphorylation.
Notizen: Oxidized p-Phenylenediamine Staining of Epoxy Resin Sections
Authors: Stockert J. C. , Armas-Portela R. , Colman O. D. , Ferrer J. M. , Tato A.
Published: August 2018

Semithin and thin sections of glutaraldehyde-fixed, epoxy resin-embedded animal tissues were treated with solutions of oxidized p-phenylenediamine (PPD). This method is suitable to reveal the general morphology of tissues in light microscopy, showing a high staining degree in some polyanion containing components. Posttreatments of thin sections with gold chloride solutions give consider­ able electron opacity in PPD positive structures.
Die Verbreitung des β-Cyan-ʟ-alanin bei cyanogenen Lepidopteren / The Distribution of β-Cyano-ʟ-alanine in Cyanogenic Lepidoptera
Authors: Witthohn K. , Naumann C. M.
Published: August 2018

The toxic amino acid β-cyano-L-alanine is shown to be present in 21 species of the Zygaenidae, which are known to produce and store the cyanoglucosides linamarin and lotaustralin. β-Cyano-alanine is also reported for the first time from other cyanogenic Lepidoptera, i.e. the Acraeinae and the Heliconiinae of the nymphalid family and from other species of the Nymphalidae, which have not been known to be cyanogenic before. Cyanogenesis, including the presence of β-cyano-alanine and the cyanoglucosides linamarin and lotaustralin is demonstrated for the first time for the Heterogynidae.
Purification by Affinity Chromatography of Glutathione Reductase (EC 1.6.4.2) from Escherichia coli and Characterization of such Enzyme
Authors: Mata Anna M. , Carmen M. , López-Barea Juan
Published: August 2018

The glutathione reductase from Escherichia coli strain S33 was purified to homogeneity by a simple and fast procedure consisting of two affinity chromatography steps. After 40-80% ammonium sulfate fractionation, the enzyme was adsorbed to an N6-2′.5′-ADP-Sepharose affinity column from which it was specifically eluted by a 0 - 10 mᴍ NADP+ linear gradient. The enzyme was finally purified to homogeneity after a second affinity chromatography step in a C8-ATPR-Sepharose column, from which it was eluted by means of the same NADP+ gradient. Starting from 182 g of E. coli cells. 6.9 mg of pure enzyme was obtained after a 2632-fold purifi­cation, with a total yield of 63%. The pure enzyme showed a specific activity of 361 U/mg, and its absorption spectrum was characteristic of a flavoprotein. with an A272A450 of 7.84. The enzyme was a dimer with a molecular weight 109 000 and 40 Å hydrodynamic radius. The optimum pH were 7.5 and 4.5 with NADPH and NADH. respectively, as reductants. Apparent K′m values of 16, 377, and 66 μᴍ were determined at pH 7.5 for NADPH, NADH, and GSSG, respectively. Upon storage the enzyme was stable at pH values ranging from 7.5 to 9.5, being additionally stabilized by FAD. NADP+, dithiothreitol, or glycerol. The pure enzyme was quite heat stable, denaturing signifi­cantly only after 10 min at 70 0C. A marked activity loss was observed however, even at 0 °C, in the presence of 20 μᴍ NADPH. The enzyme was inactivated by low concentrations of para- hydroximercuribenzoate: the sensitivity towards such mercurial was greatly enhanced after reduction of the enzyme by NADPH.
Occurrence of Mercaptopyruvate Sulfotransferase Activity in Photosynthetic Organisms
Authors: Schmidt Ahlert
Published: August 2018

Mercaptopyruvate sulfotransferase activity catalyzes the formation of pyruvate from mercaptopyruvate in the presence of suitable reagents as acceptor. It was detected in Lemna minor, Pisum sativum, Spinacia oleracea, Chlorella fusca, Synechococcus 6301, and Rhodopseudomonas palustris. Best activity was detected using dithioerythritol as a thiol reagent; good activity was obtained using mercaptoethanol, glutathione, mercaptopyruvate or sulfite as acceptor. The pH-optimum for the Chlorella mercaptopyruvate sulfotransferase was found around 9; the apparent Km for mercaptopyruvate was determined to 2mᴍ and for dithioerythritol for 5mᴍ using crude Chlorella extracts. The role of this enzyme is discussed in relation to cysteine catabolism by photosynthetic organisms.
Occurrence of the Bacteriochlorophyll-Binding Polypeptides B870α and B800— B850α in the Mutant Strains Y5 and Ala+ of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata, which are Defective in Formation of the Light-Harvesting Complexes B870 and B800 — 850, Respectively
Authors: Tadros Monier H. , Dierstein Roland , Drews Gerhart
Published: August 2018

The mutant strains A l a+ and Y 5 of Rhodopseudomonas capsulata are defective in formation of the light-harvesting complexes B800-850 and B870, respectively, but synthesize the large bacteriochlorophyll-binding polypeptides of the respectively complexes, shown by amino acid composition, N- or C-terminal sequence and immunoblotting. The stable assembly of the light-harvesting complexes in the membrane seems to be dependent from the coordinated synthesis of all pigment and protein components.
Binding of the Fluorescent Dye 8-Anilinonaphthalene 1-Sulfonic Acid to the Native and Pressure Dissociated β2-Dimer of Tryptophan Synthase from Escherichia coli
Authors: Seifert Thomas , Bartholmes Peter , Jaenicke Rainer
Published: August 2018

The β2-dimer of tryptophan synthase from Escherichia coli exhibits weak binding of 8-anilinonaphthalene-1- sulfonic acid (ANS). Titrating the dye at 0.2 mᴍ concen­tration with the apo-β2-dimer at atmospheric pressure causes increased fluorescence emission at 480 nm (λexc = 380 nm), corresponding to unspecific binding of the ligand to hydrophobic residues. Increasing hydrostatic pressure affects ANS binding. Up to 700 bar. a sigmoidal increase of ANS fluorescence reflects an increase in hydrophobic surface area, probably caused by subunit dissociation. At ~ 1 kbar, a maximum is reached; beyond this value, pressure competes with ligand binding causing fluorescence emission to be decreased again. Pressure release leads to a drastic fluorescence enhance­ment, ascribed to ANS binding to the partially and re­versibly denatured enzyme. Plotting the total fluorescence enhancement vs. pressure yields a profile which parallels the pressure dependent dimer ⇆ monomer transition monitored by subunit hybridization (T. Seifert, P. Barthol- mes, and R. Jaenicke, Biochemistry, in press).
Effects of Vitamin D3 on in vivo Labelling of Chick Skeletal Muscle Proteins with [3H]Leucine
Authors: Boland Ana R. de , Boland Ricardo L.
Published: August 2018

The effects of the administration of a single oral dose of vitamin D3 to rachitic chicks on the in vivo incorporation of [3H]leucine to proteins of skeletal muscle subcellular fractions was studied. A significant stimulation (50%) of labelling of mitochondrial proteins could be seen. The sterol affected the labelling of sarcoplasmic reticulum (20%) and contractile proteins (10%) to a lesser extent. These results confirm previous observations which im­plicate vitamin D3 in the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins.
Ein neues Isolierungsverfahren für Schweinenierenacylase. Kinetik des Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ und Cd2+-enzyms / A New Isolation Procedure for Acylamino Acid Amidohydrolase. Kinetics of the Co2+, Mn2+, Ni2+ and Cd2+ Enzyme
Authors: Gilles Ingrid , Löffler Hans-Gerd , Schneider Friedhelm
Published: August 2018

A new procedure for the isolation of highly purified acylamino acid amidohydrolase from hog kidney is d e­ scribed which allows the preparation of the enzyme with a recovery of about 45%, a 200 fold purification and a spec.activity of 350-500 U. The essential Zn2+ of the enzyme was exchanged for Co2+, Ni2+, Mn2+ and Cd2+, and the kinetic parameters KM, kcat and kcat/ KM of the different enzyme species for a series of acetyl-L-amino acids were determined.
Effect of 5-Azacytidine on the Formation of Secondary Metabolites in Catharanthus roseus Cell Suspension Cultures
Authors: Arfmann H.-A. , Kohl W. , Wray V.
Published: August 2018

A cell suspension culture of Catharanthus roseus was treated during the growth phase with the nucleoside analogue 5-azacytidine, a powerful inducer of cell differentiation, as evidenced with animal and human cell lines. After induction the cell culture was further incubated in a production medium in the absence of the inducer for 10 days. The extraction of the freeze dried cells and analysis by high performance liquid chromatography showed an additional intense peak in the elution profile, not present in extracts of untreated cells. The structure of the newly synthesized metabolite, elucidated by mass spectrometry and 1H and 13C NMR, was a lignan type compound, lirioresinol B mono-β-D-glucoside. This compound has hitherto not been found in Catharanthus roseus plants or cell cultures.
Occurrence of “Stress"-Proteins in Yeast after Heat-Shock, Acrylonitrile Treatment and during the Stationary Growth Phase
Authors: Pfeffer Ulrich , Schulz-Harder Bernd
Published: August 2018

The response of yeast cells to different kinds of “stress” is not identical. Cells of the stationary growth phase synthesize three new proteins of molecular weights 68, 27 and 24 kD, compared with cells of the exponential growth phase, while heat-shocked cells exhibit new proteins of 100, 90. 84, 70 and 24 kD. After treatment with acrylonitrile two new proteins with molecular weights of 70 and 46 kD appear. However, all three kinds of “stress” lead to the induction of a ribonuclease.
Phosphatidylinositol-Specific Phospholipase C from Bovine Blood Platelets. Inhibition by Calmodulin-Inhibitors — Activation by ATP and ADP
Authors: Benedikter Hermann , Knopki Gisela , Renz Paul
Published: August 2018

The phospholipase C-activity in crude extracts of bovine blood platelets is strongly inhibited by the calmodulin-inhibitors fluphenazine and calmidazolium in the mᴍ range, and activated by ATP and ADP. but not by AMP. The activating effect is also shown by the nonhydrolysable ATP- and ADP-analogs α,β- and β,γ-methyleneadenosine 5′-triphosphate and α,β-methylene- adenosine 5′-diphosphate, thus indicating that it is an allosteric effect. The stimulation of the phospholipase C-activity by ATP is also detectable in some partially purified fractions of the crude platelet extract, but it is abolished on further purification of the enzyme.
Control of the Activity of Brain Synaptosome-Associated Acetylcholinesterase by Acidic Phospholipids
Authors: Tsakiris Stylianos
Published: August 2018

Incubation of synaptosomal plasma membranes (SPM) with liposomes of phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PIN) or phosphatidylglycerol (PGL), led to an increase of acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity at concentrations of 0.1-1 μmol phospholip ids per mg SPM protein. The use of higher concentrations (1-7 μmol/mg protein), however, led to a progressive inhibition of the activity with respect to the maximal percentage of enzyme stimulation. To explain the enzyme stimulation by the acidic phospholipids, AchE was solubilized with the detergent Lubrol-PX and showed no change in the enzyme activity at any PS, PIN or PGL concentration used, indicating that these compounds do not act on the protein molecule directly. Arrhenius plots of AchE activities in untreated SPM (control), exhibited a break point at 23 °C , which was decreased to 16-17 °C in PS-treated SPM. Moreover, the Arrhenius activation energy (Ea) value in PS-treated SPM was increased related to the Ea below the break point in the control. These results indicate that acidic phospholipids do not act on AchE directly, but indirectly, affecting the membrane fluidity probably. Such modifications of interactions between lipid and AchE may control physiological processes in the central nervous system .
Fructose-Stimulated Ferrievanide Reduction by Intact Blue-Green Algae
Authors: Scherer Siegfried , Boger Peter
Published: August 2018

As reported in the literature, ferricyanide reduction of blue-green algal cells in the dark is linked to respiratory electron transport. This study has not verified this hypothesis. There was no concurrent activity of ferricyanide reduction by intact cells with respiratory oxygen uptake. It was found light-independent, showing little KCN-inhibition, but was strongly CCCP-sensitive. CCCP inhibition was reversed by KCN. - Both, respiration and ferricyanide reduction were stimulated by fructose which was actively accumulated by the cells (the apparent K m was 20 μM). Ferricyanide reduction was more sensitive towards dark starvation than respiration. Based on these data it is suggested that ferricyanide reduction and cyanide-sensitive respiration are parts of different electron-transport processes, competing for reduction equivalents originating from the same (endogenous) carbon pool.
A-α-hydroxymesobiliverdin, a New Bile Pigment
Authors: Benedikt Eva , Köst Hans-Peter
Published: August 2018

Isolation, identification and characterization of a new bile pigment, A-α-hydroxymesobiliverdin, is described.
Cellular Differentiation of Sucrose Metabolism in Anabaena variabilis
Authors: Schilling Norbert , Ehrnsperger Klaus
Published: August 2018

Upon treatment of whole filaments of Anabaena variabilis with a French pressure cell, the activity of sucrose synthase (UDP glucose; D-fructose 2-α-ᴅ-glucosyl transferase, EC 2.4.1.13) was found to be associated almost exclusively with the vegetative cells. The sucrose-cleaving enzyme, an alkaline invertase (β-ᴅ-fructofuranoside fructohydrolase, EC 3.2.1.26), appears to be localized solely within the heterocysts. The implications of these findings, in the light of relevant data from the literature, are summarized in a model representing the physiological differentiation and molecular exchange between vegetative cells and heterocysts.
Tumor Inhibition by Ferricenium Complexes: Systemic Effect in vivo and Cell Growth Inhibition in vitro
Authors: Köpf-Maier Petra
Published: August 2018

The antiproliferative activity of divers ferricenium complexes [Cp2Fe]+X- (X-= [CCl3COO]- · CCl3COOH (I); X- = [CCl3COO]- · 2 CCl3COOH (II); X- = ½ [Cl3FeOFeCl3]2- (III); X- = [FeCl4]- (IV); X = [2 ,4, 6-(NO2)3C6H2O]- (V)) was investigated against solid, subcutaneously growing Ehrlich ascites tumor (EAT) in vivo as well as against EAT cells cultivated in vitro as permanent suspension culture. In vivo, triple intraperitoneal injections of the complexes II (3 × 200 mg/kg), III (3 × 100, 140, 180 mg/kg) or IV (3 × 160 mg/kg) markedly suppressed tumor development thus that the sizes of treated tumors were reduced to 42-48% related to control tumors (100%); these results point to the systemic character of the antitumor action by ferricenium complexes in vivo. In vitro, all ferricenium complexes inhibited cellular proliferation to an equal extent; application of 10-5 ᴍ diminished the increase in cell number by 20-40%, application of 10-4 ᴍ resulted in a total cessation of cellular proliferation. In comparison to cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II), the cell growth-inhibiting effect of ferricenium complexes was less pronounced and required 10-to 50-fold higher concentration levels to evoke equivalent cytostasis.
Presumed Sex Pheromone from Androconial Glands of Male Cotton Harlequin Bug Tectocoris diophthalmus (Heteroptera; Scutelleridae) Identified as 3,5-Dihydroxy-4-pyrone
Authors: Knight D. W. , Staddon B. W. , Thorne M. J.
Published: August 2018

3,5-Dihydroxy-4-pyrone 3,5-dihydroxy-4-pyrone (Rubiginol) has been identified as a presumed sex pheromone from the cotton harlequin bug Tectocoris diophthalmus (Thunberg). It accumulates as a temporary crystal­ line deposit in the male adult on the external surface of the androconial glands which occur in three pairs on abdominal sternites IV to VI.
Bleomycin-Iron Complex and Oxygen Activate Algal Ribonucleotide Reductase
Authors: Hofmann Rüdiger , Follmann Hartmut
Published: August 2018

Ribonucleotide reductase of green algae (Scenedesmus obliquus) is a radical-containing enzyme which rapidly loses activity under anaerobic conditions. Reactivation in the presence of air is enhanced by 10 μᴍ iron(II)-bleomycin chelate. The reaction lends new biochemical potential to the antibiotic and should be valuable in mechanistic studies of ribonucleotide reduction.
Biochemisch-pharmakologische Untersuchung pflanzlicher Arzneistoffe. II . Hemmung der Acetylcholinesterase durch Monoterpenderivate in vitro / Molecular Pharmacological Investigation of Medicinal Plant Substances. II. Inhibition of Acetylcholinesterase by Monoterpene Derivatives in vitro
Authors: Gracza L.
Published: August 2018

Monoterpene derivatives with spasmolytic activity inhibited acetylcholinesterase (ACHE, EC 3.1.1.7) in a dose dependent manner in vitro. The median inhibitory concentrations ranges between 10-4 ᴍ and 10-2 ᴍ. A significance of our finding may by the possible explanation of effects of monoterpene derivatives seen in distony of digestive tract.
Temperature Dependence of Population Growth in a Green Microalga: Thermodynamic Characteristics of Growth Intensity and the Influence of Cell Concentration
Authors: Soeder C. J. , Hegewald E. , Fiolitakis E. , Grobbelaar J. U.
Published: August 2018

Growth intensity of the green alga, Scenedesmus obliquus, was measured in autotrophic cultures, diluted once daily, between 20 and 30 °C in a light-dark cycle of 16 : 8 h at initial optical densities between 0.02 and 1.2. Arrhenius analyses of the results showed linear relationships be­tween growth intensity and temperature below the temperature optimum. The temperature effects on growth, activation energy, deactivation energy and normalized Q10 values were signifi­cantly influenced by the amount of available light energy per unit biomass. The temperature dependence of nutrient-limited growth was not considered.
Nucleotide Sequence of Bovine 1.723 Satellite DNA
Authors: Plucienniczak G. , Skowronski J. , Plucienniczak A. , Jaworski J.
Published: August 2018

The nucleotide sequence of the bovine 1.723 satellite DNA repeated unit was determined. The 680 bp long period of this satellite DNA does not show any significant sequence similarities with the known bovine satellite DNAs. Short repetitive sequences which are parts of 680 bp long repeated units do not form any orderly periodical structure. It seems, however, that the basic repeated unit of the 1.723 bovine satellite DNA has been formed by successive duplications of two, about 100 bp long sequences. The sequence divergence between different copies of the 680 bp repeated unit was also analyzed.
Amin-carbamoyl-10B-boran, Darstellung und biologische Eigenschaften / Amine-carbamoyl-dihydro-10B-borane, Preparation, and Biological Properties
Authors: Dallacker Franz , Böhmel Thomas , Mückter Heinrich
Published: August 2018

The chemical section deals with the synthesis of sodiumcyano-10B-borhydride (3) from 10B-boric acid trimethyl ester (1) via sodium-10B-borhydride (2). By converting 3 with trimethylammonium chloride, trimethylamine-cyano-10B-borane (4) is formed which, via nitrilium tetrafluoroborate 5, is transformed by water to Trimethylamine-carboxy-dihydro-10B-borane (6). Trimethylamine-ethoxycarbonyl-dihydro-10B-borane (8b) and amine-carbamoyl-dihydro-10B-borane (8c) can be synthesized from the imidazolid 8a.

In the biological section an orientation to the toxicity and the tumor affinity of the compounds 6, 7, and 8c are described. Further the possibility is shown by achieving a maximal concentration of 10B-boron in the tumor whilst at the same time retaining as low a concentration of 10B-Boron as possible in the surrounding tissue.
Gewinnung trägerfreier Syntheseprodukte in bestrahltem Valin durch heiße 11C-Atome aus (γ, n)-Kernreaktionen / Carrierfree Synthesis Products from Irradiated Valine by Means of Hot 11C-Atoms of Giant Resonance Reaction
Authors: Gundlach G. , Sattler E. L. , Wagenbach U.
Published: August 2018

The hot 11C-atom derived from (γ, n)-nuclear reaction of the 40 MeV-Bremsstrahlung of a electron linear accelerator may react with valine irradiated. Besides retention-labelling of valine new products which are essentially carrierfree may be produced. By this means leucine has been separated using HPLC and identified by electrophoresis in amounts of 25 MBq labelled com­pound.
Physicochemical Properties of Ferredoxin from Chlamydomonas reinhardii
Authors: Galván Francisco , Márquez Antonio J. , Fernández Emilio
Published: August 2018

Ferredoxin from Chlamydomonas reinhardii has been purified to electrophoretic homogeneity by an easy and fast procedure with a high yield (25 -30 mg/250 g wet weight of cells). An average molecular weight of 11800 was calculated from sedimentation coefficient (1.70 S) and Stokes radius (1.75 nm) data, sodium dodecyl sulfate-electrophoresis, and amino acid composition. Absorption spectrum show ed maxima at 276, 330, 420 and 460 nm in the oxidized form, with an absorption ratio (A420/A276) of 0.54 and an extinction coefficient of 8.38 mᴍ-1· cm -1 at 420 nm. R educed ferredoxin show ed a single peak at 276 nm with shoulders at 284, 310, 390, 469 and 537 nm and at liquid helium temperatures gave EPR signals at g = 1.877, 1.951 and 2.045. The protein has an isoelectric point of 3.30, and one (2Fe-2S)-cluster per molecule with a midpoint potential, at pH 7.5, of -410 mV (n=1) . The m olecule of C. reinhardii ferredoxin consists of 95-99 amino acid residues which includes the full com plement of amino acids, being alanine the most abundant.
Biochemical Oxygen Activation as the Basis for the Physiological Action of Tetrachlorodecaoxide (TCDO)
Authors: Youngman R. J. , Wagner G. R. , Kühne F. W. , Elstner E. F.
Published: August 2018

Oxidation of methionine, 4-(methylthio)-2-oxobutyric acid (KMB), or 1-aminocyclopropane carbonic acid (ACC) are indicator reactions for activated oxygen species such as singlet oxygen (1O2), OH·-radical like oxidants, superoxide anion (O2
·-), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or activated hemo-iron complexes like peroxidase-or catalase-“compound”. Methionine is oxidized by OH· as well as by 102 forming ethylene, but not by tetrachloro-decaoxygen complex (TCDO) in the absence or presence of catalytic hemoproteins such as peroxidase, hemoglobin or myoglobin. Both KMB and ACC are oxidized by TCDO under the catalysis of the above hemo-proteins where neither catalase nor superoxide dismutase are inhibitors. TCDO hemo-protein complex is an oxidant with similar properties as peroxidase-compound I and can clearly be differentiated from 02
·-, H2O2, OH· and 1O2.
Untersuchungen über die Regulation der Proteinsynthese auswachsender Sporen von Bacillus subtilis / Studies on Protein Synthesis of Outgrowing Spores of Bacillus subtilis
Authors: Hecker M. , Dünger A.-M. , Wachlin G. , Mach F.
Published: August 2018

Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis according to O’Farrell [6] was used to study synthesis of membrane bound proteins during outgrowth of Bacillus subtilis spores. Three major classes of membrane bound proteins were distinguished, depending on the time of onset and duration of their synthesis: Ia - a great amount of proteins typical of vegetative cells made throughout all stages of outgrowth and vegetative growth; Ib - vegetative proteins synthesized during middle and later outgrowth stages as well as during vegetative growth (sequential activation); II - outgrowth-specific proteins synthesized during early outgrowth but not in vegetative cells. A similar classification was made for total proteins [9].

In a temperature-sensitive mutant defective in early outgrowth the sequential activation of vegetative genes (group lb) is especially inhibited under restrictive conditions, whereas the syn­thesis of group Ia-proteins and outgrowth-specific proteins (II) could be detected during early outgrowth stages.

We suggest that the expression of outgrowth genes, whose products might be found among the outgrowth-specific proteins, could be involved in the sequential reactivation of vegetative genes during outgrowth. The vegetative proteins of group la (continuous synthesis) are produced throughout growth and differentiation. On the other hand the synthesis of vegetative proteins, group Ib , is switched off during sporulation and switched on during outgrowth. The control mechanisms of the expression of these two groups of vegetative genes during growth and differen­tiation are discussed.
Nonconventional Interactions between Photoreceptor Axons in the Butterfly Lamina Ganglionaris
Authors: Gordon William C.
Published: August 2018

Butterflies have nine photoreceptors within each ommatidium which have been named from their positional orientation across the rhabdom. Within all ommatidia ex­amined, there are four morphologically discrete receptor types: 1. Two dorsal-ventrally aligned cells - the vertical receptors; 2. two anterior-posteriorly aligned cells - the horizontal receptors; 3. four diagonally aligned cells -the diagonal receptors; 4. one basally occuring bilobed cell - the basal receptor. The nine retinula cell axons pass through the basement membrane and enter an optic car­tridge of the lamina ganglionaris as a single bundle. The organization of these axons within their cartridge has been investigated in the nymphalid-type butterfly Agraulis vanillae. Prior to entry into the optic cartridge, the axonal bun­dle undergoes a 90° positional rotation. Retinula axons become grouped into three regions: a dorsal triad and a vent­ral triad of three axons, one horizontal and two diagonal retinula cells each; a central group composed of two verti­cal retinula cells, the basal cell, and 4 -5 lamina monopolar cells. Retinula axons of the triads appear to be coupled by bulbous cytoplasm ic projections. Two types of coupling ap­pear to occur: 1. Within each triad, the horizontal retinula cell axon is coupled to both diagonal axons. 2. The horizon­tal retinula cell axon of one triad is coupled to the horizon­tal cell of the adjacent triad. Because of the 90° reposition­ing of the ommatidial axon bundle, specific cell types from one ommatidium appear to be linked to retinula cells of ommatidia immediately above or below them. These non­conventional receptor cell interactions are described and a possible function in receptor coupling suggested.
3-Acetamino-4-hydroxy-benzoesäure und 2-Acetaminophenol aus Pseudomonas-Kulturen [1] / 3-Acetamino-4-hydroxy Benzoic Acid and 2-Acetamino Phenol from Pseudomonas Cultures
Authors: Winkler S. , Neuenhaus W. , Budzikiewicz H. , Korth H. , Pulverer G.
Published: August 2018

Pseudomonas, Chorismic Acid Metabolism (Alternative Route), Phenazine Biosynthesis From Pseudomonas cepacia cultures 3-acetamino-4-hydroxy-benzoic acid has been isolated. This compound is of biogenetic interest as it suggests an alternative route in the chorismic acid metabolism initiated by an attack of an equivalent of NH3 at C-5 rather than at C-2 as usually observed. Implications on the phenazine biosynthesis have been discussed.
Biosynthesis of Trichothecene Mycotoxins in Fusarium culmorum Cultures
Authors: Baldwin Nigel C. P. , Bycroft Barrie W. , Dewick Paul M. , Gilbert John , Holden Ian
Published: August 2018

A high yielding production of the trichothecene mycotoxin 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol (3-AcDON) in cultures of Fusarium culmorum is described. By supplying [14C]acetate, 14C-labelled 3-AcDON suitable for further metabolic studies has been obtained. The pattern of labelling has been ascertained by using 13C-labelled acetate precursors, and is in line with established biosynthetic data. A second trichothecene produced in significant amounts by F. culmorum has been identified as 3α, 15-diacetoxy-7α, 8α-dihydroxy-12, 13-epoxytrichothec-9-ene (7α, 8α-dihydroxycalonec-trin).
ESR and ENDOR Investigations of Adrenochrome Semiquinone and Related Amino-1,2-Benzosemiquinone Radicals
Authors: Stegmann Hartmut B. , Dao-Ba Hoang , Scheffler Klaus , Peter Martin G.
Published: August 2018

Dimethyl or diethylamine reacts very smoothly in ethanol solution with catechols to the corresponding aminoquinones. The paramagnetic intermediates, the semiquinones, are investigated by ESR and ENDOR spectroscopy using the spin stabilisation technique with diarylthallium cations. The spectra of these radicals show clearly the thallium and nitrogen coupling and the hydrogen hyperfine structure. For some examples the signs of the proton coupling constants are determined by TRIPLE resonance experiments. The results indicate a negative spin density in one position of the unsymmetrically substituted radical 3. With the results obtained for the monocyclic aminosemiquinones the hyperfine structure of the adrenochrome semiquinone is analysed.
X-Ray Studies on Phospholipid Bilayers. V. Interactions with DDT
Authors: Suwalsky M. , Bugueño N. , Tapia J. , Neira F.
Published: August 2018

The possible interaction of DDT with the lipids dimyristoyl lecithin (DML), dipalmitoylphos-phatidylethanolamine (DPPE) and tripalmitin (TP) was studied. The work was carried out on oriented films and crystalline powders of DDT-lipid mixtures at different molar ratios by X-ray diffraction techniques. The diagrams showed only the patterns of pure DDT and that of the corresponding lipid. It is concluded that new phases were not formed and, therefore, no interactions occurred.
Pattern Formation and Marangoni Convection during Oscillating Glycolysis
Authors: Müller Stefan C. , Plesser Theo , Boiteux Arnold , Hess Benno
Published: August 2018

Spatial pattern formation during oscillating glycolysis in a thin layer of extract from yeast cells is investigated by two-dimensional spectrophotometry using video techniques and by dark-field detection of refractive index gradients. The time intervals of repetitively reappearing trans­ mission patterns coincide with the phases of maximum metabolic turnover during each glycolytic cycle. The spatial arrangement of the patterns is strongly correlated with a network of convection cells which permanently exists in the liquid layer. The patterns are generated by the coupling of reaction with Marangoni type convection due to gradients in surface tension which are mainly caused by evaporative cooling and influenced by chemical composition and reactivity.
Hyperglycemia in Freshwater Field Crab (Oziotelphusa senex senex) Produced by Pesticides
Authors: Rao K. S. Jagannatha
Published: August 2018

DDT, Dieldrin DDT and Dieldrin produced a significant increase in the hemolymph sugar level of intact crab of Oziotelphusa senex senex apparently by triggering the release of hyperglycemic hormone (HGH).
Origin of Cardenolides in Rhizomes and Roots of Convallaria majalis L. Biogenesis in situ or Transport from Leaves?
Authors: Schrutka-Rechtenstamm Roswitha , Kopp Brigitte , Löffelhardt Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

After administration of sodium[1 - 14C]acetate to rhizome or root cuttings of Convallaria majalis L. two of the main cardiac glycosides were isolated and examined for incorporated radioactivity. With a detection limit of 0.0003% of incorporated label it can be assumed, that the subterranean organs of C. majalis are not capable of cardenolide biogenesis de novo. Interconversions on the cardenolide level do not take place, too. as was proved by application of (U - 14C]convallatoxol and examination of convallatoxin, the main metabolite in leaves. Therefore the cardenolide content of the subterranean parts of C. majalis (0.2%) must have its origin in the leaves, from where the cardiac glycosides are translocated to rhizomes and roots, which only fulfil a storage function in this respect.
Regioselective O-Demethylation of Scoparone: Differentiation between Rat Liver Cytochrome P-450 Isozymes
Authors: Müller-Enoch Dieter , Büttgen Eva , Nonnenmacher Antje
Published: August 2018

The ratios of the scoparone O-demethylation products scopoletin to isoscopoletin were deter mined for reconstituted complexes of NADPH-P-450 reductase and each of four P-450 isozymes in a 2:1 molar ratio with a 1:1 mixture of [7-O-methyl-14C]-and [6-O-methyl-14C]-scoparone as substrate. The two phenobarbital inducible forms P-450PB-B and P-450PB-D have a 1:0.8 ± 0.05 scopoletin to isoscopoletin ratio, and the two β-naphthoflavone inducible forms P-450βNF-B and P-450βNF/ISF-G have ratios of 1:4.4 ± 0.1 and 1:3.8 ± 0.1, respectively. The scoparone-O-demethylation activities of the reconstituted preformed complexes of the four P-450 isozymes are given.
Thyroxine Induced Transformation in Sarcoplasmic Reticulum of Rabbit Soleus and Psoas Muscles
Authors: Nunes Maria Tereza , Bianco Antonio Carlos
Published: August 2018

The properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes isolated from slow-twitch type I soleus and fast-twitch type II psoas muscles of control and thyroxine treated rabbits were comparatively studied. Membrane yield, maximal calcium storing capacity, ATP-supported calcium uptake, calcium-dependent ATPase activity and calcium-dependent phosphoprotein formation were found to be 3-10 fold higher in psoas than in soleus preparations. Membrane yield, calcium-dependent ATPase activity, ATP-supported calcium transport and calcium-dependent phospho­ protein are at least twice enhanced in the membranes from soleus muscles of animals treated for 14-21 days with thyroxine. The corresponding capacities of the membranes from psoas muscles are not further augmented by the same thyroxine treatment. The maximal calcium storing capaci­ ty of the psoas membranes is their sole specific property which is significantly increased. The changes in the properties of the soleus muscles’ sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes are engen­dered by an increase from 5 to 30-50% in the number of type II fibres. Since the calcium transporting properties of the sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes from type II fibres qualitatively differ from those of type I fibres, thyroxine does not only affect quantitative but also qualitative parameters of the muscles’ sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane system.
Protoplast Dielectrophoresis in Axisymmetric Fields
Authors: Stoicheva Natalia , Tsoneva Iana , Dimitrov Dimiter S.
Published: August 2018

Pea protoplasts dielectrophoretic coefficients were measured in alternating electric fields of frequency 1 M Hz and voltage 5 V applied between two concentric cylindrical metal electrodes of outer and inner radii 0.24 mm and 1 mm, respectively. They do not vary significantly with solution osmolarity, but show a clear expressed maximum in isotonic conditions; the values in 0.4 ᴍ, 0.5 ᴍ, 0.6 ᴍ and 0.7 ᴍ manitol solutions are (6.5, 10.2, 8.8 and 5.6) × 10−24 A2s4/Kg, pectively. The average cell radii in those conditions are 14.2 µm, 14.6 µm, 13.8 µm and 13.6 µm. The radii of cell-to-electrode contacts follow the same dependence on the osmolarity as the dielectrophoretic coefficients; they do not depend on the applied voltages up to 18V. The times of cell approach near to the electrode were too short to be explained by the action only of the dielectrophoretic force; consequently an attractive force appeared at very close approach. These results may be of use in future studies of membrane adhesion and fusion.
Monogalloylhamamelose aus Hamamelis virginiana/ Monogalloylhamamelose from Hamamelis virginiana
Authors: Schilling Gerhard , Keller Alois
Published: August 2018

By chromatography of the bark extract from Hamamelis virginiana a monogalloylhamamelose was isolated. It is shown by 13C N M R spectroscopy that this compound is a complex mixture of isomeric 5-galloylhamamelofuranoses, 2′-galloylhamamelofuranoses and 2′-galloylhamamelopyranoses. The same equilibrium of isomers is obtained by partial hydrolysis of hamamelitannin (1). Therefore it is concluded that the monogalloylhamamelose is formed in the bark by hydrolysis of 1 also.
Activation of Streptolysin S in vitro by Oligonucleotides
Authors: Taketo Akira , Taketo Yoriko
Published: August 2018

When washed streptococci were incubated in a phosphate buffer containing MgSO4 and maltose (Bernheimer’s basal medium) and centrifuged, no hemolytic activity was detected in the supernatant. Although incubation of the spent medium with carrier oligonucleotide did not yield active hemolysin, the mixture turned to be significantly hemolytic, upon ethanol precipitation and dehydration. Oxygen stability, sensitivity to trypan blue, absence in the spent medium from strain C203U, as well as chromatographic properties demonstrated that the hemolytic activity was due to streptolysin S-oligonucleotide complex. The latent streptolysin S was detected in the streptococcal culture supernatant as well. These results indicate that, even in the absence of exogenous carrier, streptolysin S is produced extracellularly by hemolytic streptococci but suffers rapid denaturation. and that the carrier oligonucleotide serves as an effector for the toxin peptide to assume active conformation, through noncovalent interaction. Effects of several protein denaturants were investigated on the toxin activation in vitro.
Broadband, Non-Thermal Millimeter-Wave Influence on Giant Chromosomes
Authors: Koschnitzke Chr. , Krem F. , Santo L. , Poglitsch A. , Genzel L.
Published: August 2018

A non-thermal influence of low-intensity millimeter-wave radiation on the puffing of giant chromosom es from salivary glands of larvae of the midge A cricotopus lucidus (Diptera, Chironomidae) is reported. The effect is manifested as a strong regression in size of a specific puff that expresses genes for a secretory protein (Fig. 1). While millimeter-wave irradiation leads to an about tenfold increase of the regression probability com pared to controls, simulation of the small microwave-induced temperature increase in the sample does not result in a significant effect, thus confirming the non-thermal nature of the microwave irradiation effect. This finding could be of importance for the understanding of the interaction between microwave radiation and living systems and hence for the establishment of safety standards in that frequency regime.
Evidence for the Presence of Neutral Glycerylether Derivatives in Pollen Lipids of Pine Tree Pinus halepensis
Authors: Andrikopoulos Nikolaos K. , Siafaka-Kapadai Athanasia , Yanovits-Argyriadis Nikoletta , Demopoulos Constantinos A .
Published: August 2018

The separation and identification of glyceryl ether (G E ) derivatives from pollen neutral lipids of Pine tree Pinus halepensis (Miller) is described.

The separation and purification of GE derivatives from the other lipid classes, especially from monoglycerides and diglycerides, was done by thin layer chromatography.

The purified GE derivatives were examined by infrared spectrometry analyzed by gas liquid chromatography, and the glycerylether backbones were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of its isopropylidene derivatives.

Fatty acids were detected as esterified constituents after mild alkaline hydrolysis of the GE fraction.

The GE derivatives are characterized as 1-O-(di)hydroxyalke(die)nyl-glycerols, the side hydroxyl group(s) of the O-carbonchain being esterified mainly with saturated fatty acids.
Umsetzungsrate von Ozon mit flüchtigen Terpenen im Oberflächenbereich von Koniferennadeln / Conversion Rate of Ozone with Volatile Terpenes in the Surface Region of Conifer Needles
Authors: Russi Heinz
Published: August 2018

The spatial concentration gradient of volatile terpenes near the surface of spruce needles was determined. The gradient comprised four orders of magnitude in the distance of 0 to 0.2 mm. The reaction of ozone with terpenes in this surface region was estimated. Within a diffusion limited reaction time of 1.4 milliseconds the chemical conversion amounts to one per thousand. Therefore it is not expected that one will find exceptional high concentrations of phytotoxic ozonolysis products, peroxides for example, in this micro environment.
The Diazo Reaction of Bilirubins and Phycorubins: A Quantitative Study*
Authors: Kufer W. , Schmid O. , Schmidt G. , Scheer H.
Published: August 2018

A quantitative study of the diazo reaction has been made with several bilirubins including a 2,3- dihydrobilirubin and several phycorubins. The latter have been prepared from the integral phycocyanin of two cyanobacteria (Mastigocladus laminosus and Spirulina platensis), and from the phycocyanin subunits. These phycorubins have been subjected to the diazo reaction in order to test for the presence of a second covalent chromophore protein bond in the latter.

1)The diazo reaction of unsymmetrically substituted bilirubins, mesobilirubin (3) and bilirubin IXα (13) in aqueous solution yields four products, two isomeric 9-azo-dipyrromethenones, and two isomeric 9-hydroxymethyl-dipyrromethenones. The maximum total yield is ≥ 97% with diazotized sulfanilic acid, and ≤ 60% with diazotized ethylanthranilate.

2)The diazo reaction of the 2,3-dihydrobilirubin (16) yields likewise four products, two of them containing the 2,3-dihydrogenated ring A/B fragment. The attack is regioselective at C-11 (6:4).

3)The diazo reaction of the phycorubins with ethylanthranilate yields two peptide bound products, containing the ring A/B fragment, and two low molecular weight products. The latter correspond to the C/D fragment and are identical with the respective products derived from mesobilirubin 3. The attack is preferential at C-9 (≥ 4:1 with ≤ 1 mole reagent added). These results show, that there is no second covalent chromophore peptide bond in the PC investigated at the ring C/D fragment.
1H-NMR Studies on the Effect of Spin Label on Lipids
Authors: Lohmann W. , Kiefer B.
Published: August 2018

1H-NM R studies on DPPC vesicles labelled with the spin label (1,14) have been performed below (34 °C) and above (52 °C) the phase transition temperature. At both temperatures, the spin label, located at the apolar end of the CH2 chain, affects the whole structure of the lipids. Structural and functional investigations of membranes using spin labels have to consider always the effect described.
Quasisynergism as Evolutionary Advance to Increase Repellency of Beetle Defensive Secretions
Authors: Dettner K. , Grümmer R.
Published: August 2018

Phylogenetically derived species of Oxytelinae rove beetles have been found to manufacture definite ratios of different lactone-alkene-solvents in their quinoic defensive secretions. At a certain ratio of solvents the formulation shows a maximal repellency which has actually been found both in naturally occurring beetle secretions and in synthetic mixtures. This phenomenon was identified as quasisynergism since the found ratio of different solvents correlates with a maximal penetration rate of the toxic ρ-toluquinone of the secretions through the integument of an aggressing arthropod.
Metabolism and Degradation of Nicotinic Acid in Parsley (Petroselinum hortense) Cell Suspension Cultures and Seedlings
Authors: Schwenen Ludger , Komoßa Dieter , Barz Wolfgang
Published: August 2018

Application of [6-14C]-or [7-14C]nicotinic acid to parsley cell suspension cultures led to the accumulation of labelled nicotinamide mononucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide N-riboside, nicotinamide and nicotinic acid, indicating the operation of the pyridine nucleotide cycle in these cells. As main conjugates, nicotinic acid N-glucoside and nicotinic acid glucose ester were found. For nicotinic acid degradation the following sequence is suggested: nicotinic acid → 6-hydroxynicotinic acid → 2,5-dihydroxypyridine → a C4/C3 unit of unknown structure → CO2. In aseptically grown parsley seedlings nicotinic acid is also degraded to CO2