bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents: Systematic review
Authors: Souza Marielly Rodrigues , Neves Morgana Egle Alves , Gorgulho Bartira Mendes , Souza Amanda Moura , Nogueira Patrícia Simone , Ferreira Márcia Gonçalves , Rodrigues Paulo Rogério Melo
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE To systematically review the results of the association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents. METHODS The articles were searched in May 2020 from PubMed, Virtual Health Library, Scopus, Web of Science and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). The review included observational studies conducted with adolescents (10–19 years old), which estimated the association of breakfast skipping with at least one outcome (markers of body adiposity, blood pressure, serum lipid and glucose levels). Regarding the risk of bias, the articles were evaluated using the Research Triangle Institute (RTI) Item Bank on bias risk and accuracy of observational studies. The quality of the evidence was assessed by the Grade rating. RESULTS A total of 43 articles involving 192,262 participants met the inclusion criteria and were considered in this review. The prevalence of breakfast skipping ranged from 0.7% to 94% and 60.5% of studies were classified with low risk of bias. The significant association between breakfast skipping and cardiometabolic risk factors was found in twenty-nine cross-sectional articles (n = 106,031) and four longitudinal articles (n = 5,162) for excess adiposity, in three articles (n = 8,511) for high total cholesterol levels, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, and in three studies (n = 6,303) for high blood pressure levels. However, there was no significant association between breakfast skipping and glycemic profile. According to the Grade rating, all the associations had low quality of evidence. CONCLUSION The results of this review suggest that breakfast skipping is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in adolescents aged 10 to 19 years. However, considering the low quality of the evidence, the present results should be interpreted carefully. In addition, our findings highlight the importance of standardizing the definition of breakfast skipping and that more prospective studies are needed to determine how skipping breakfast can affect cardiometabolic risk factors in the long time.
Evaluación de un circuito de apoyo a profesionales sanitarios confinados por COVID-19
Authors: García-Sierra Rosa , Moreno-Gabriel Eduard , Perich Esther Badia , Cintas Victòria Sabaté , Simó Josep M. Bonet , Violán Concepción Fors , Gil Nuria Prat , Rodríguez Mònica Piña , Torán-Monserrat Pere
Published: March 2022

OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la implementación de un circuito telefónico de apoyo a profesionales sanitarios confinados por COVID-19 en una dirección de Atención Primaria de Barcelona, en España. 
MÉTODOS: Estudio observacional, descriptivo y transversal, realizado con profesionales confinados en domicilio entre el 11 de marzo y el 31 de mayo de 2020. Se envió por correo electrónico un cuestionario con 18 preguntas cerradas y una abierta. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las respuestas cerradas y un análisis del contenido temático de la pregunta abierta.
RESULTADOS: 398 profesionales puntuaron globalmente el circuito con 6,54 en una escala de 1 a 10. El formato de las llamadas realizadas en el circuito de apoyo se estimó con las puntuaciones máximas, la unidad de apoyo psicológico y la coordinación por diferentes colectivos se evaluaron con las puntuaciones más bajas. El análisis del contenido de la pregunta abierta ofrece argumentos explicativos de los resultados cuantitativos. 
CONCLUSIONES: El estudio permitió evaluar de manera válida y fiable la implementación de un circuito de apoyo a profesionales confinados, además de reconocer áreas de mejora.
Running away from the jab: factors associated with COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in Brazil
Authors: Paschoalotto Marco Antonio Catussi
Published: March 2022

This corrects the article: 10.11606/s1518-8787.2021055003903
Prospective Associations of Accelerometer‐Assessed Physical Activity With Mortality and Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease Among Adults With Hypertension: The UK Biobank Study
Authors: del Pozo Cruz Borja , Ahmadi Matthew , Inan‐Eroglu Elif , Huang Bo‐Huei , Stamatakis Emmanuel
Published: March 2022

Background

Despite the well‐established capacity of physical activity to reduce blood pressure, the associations between physical activity with cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality in people living with hypertension are not well understood. We examine the dose‐response associations of device‐assessed physical activity with all‐cause and CVD mortality and CVD incidence (total, stroke, and coronary heart disease) in adults with hypertension.

Methods and Results

This prospective study included data from 39 294 participants with hypertension in the UK Biobank study who had valid accelerometry data and for whom mortality and CVD followed‐up data were available. We categorized moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity and total physical activity volume into 4 categories based on the 10th, 50th, and 90th percentiles and used Cox regressions to estimate their associations with CVD mortality and incidence outcomes. Splines were used to assess the dose‐response associations. During a median follow‐up of 6.25 years (241 418 person‐years), 1518 deaths (549 attributable to CVD) and 4933 CVD (fatal and nonfatal) incident events were registered. Compared with the lowest category of moderate‐to‐vigorous physical activity, the relative risks (hazard ratios and 95% CIs) of all‐cause mortality for increasing categories were 0.53 (0.46–0.61), 0.41 (0.34–0.49), and 0.36 (0.26–0.49). We found associations of similar magnitude for total CVD incidence, stroke, and coronary heart disease; and for total physical activity volume across all outcomes. For all outcomes, there were linear or nearly linear inverse dose‐response relationships with no evidence of harms with high levels of physical activity. Results were robust to removing participants who died within the first 2 years.

Conclusions

Our findings underscore the importance of physical activity for people living with hypertension and provide novel insights to support the development of physical activity guideline recommendations for this high‐risk group.
Long‐Term Blood Pressure Variability and Major Adverse Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Events After Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Authors: Castello Juan Pablo , Teo Kay‐Cheong , Abramson Jessica R. , Keins Sophia , Takahashi Courtney E. , Leung Ian Y. H. , Leung William C. Y. , Wang Yujie , Kourkoulis Christina , Pavlos Myserlis Evangelos , Warren Andrew D. , Henry Jonathan , Chan Koon‐Ho , Cheung Raymond T. F. , Ho Shu‐Leong , Gurol M. Edip , Viswanathan Anand , Greenberg Steven M. , Anderson Christopher D. , Lau Kui‐Kai , Rosand Jonathan , Biffi Alessandro
Published: March 2022

Background

Survivors of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) are at increased risk for major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), in the form of recurrent stroke and myocardial Infarction. We investigated whether long‐term blood pressure (BP) variability represents a risk factor for MACCE after ICH, independent of average BP.

Methods and Results

We analyzed data from prospective ICH cohort studies at Massachusetts General Hospital and the University of Hong Kong. We captured long‐term (ie, visit‐to‐visit) BP variability, quantified as individual participants’ variation coefficient. We explored determinants of systolic and diastolic BP variability and generated survival analyses models to explore their association with MACCE. Among 1828 survivors of ICH followed for a median of 46.2 months we identified 166 with recurrent ICH, 68 with ischemic strokes, and 69 with myocardial infarction. Black (coefficient +3.8, SE 1.3) and Asian (coefficient +2.2, SE 0.4) participants displayed higher BP variability. Long‐term systolic BP variability was independently associated with recurrent ICH (subhazard ratio [SHR], 1.82; 95% CI, 1.19–2.79), ischemic stroke (SHR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.06–2.47), and myocardial infarction (SHR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.05–2.24). Average BP during follow‐up did not modify the association between long‐term systolic BP variability and MACCE.

Conclusions

Long‐term BP variability is a potent risk factor for recurrent hemorrhage, ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction after ICH, even among survivors with well‐controlled hypertension. Our findings support the hypothesis that combined control of average BP and its variability after ICH is required to minimize incidence of MACCE.
Human Factors Integration in Robotic Surgery
Authors: Catchpole Ken , Cohen Tara , Alfred Myrtede , Lawton Sam , Kanji Falisha , Shouhed Daniel , Nemeth Lynne , Anger Jennifer
Published: March 2022

Objective

Using the example of robotic-assisted surgery (RAS), we explore the methodological and practical challenges of technology integration in surgery, provide examples of evidence-based improvements, and discuss the importance of systems engineering and clinical human factors research and practice.

Background

New operating room technologies offer potential benefits for patients and staff, yet also present challenges for physical, procedural, team, and organizational integration. Historically, RAS implementation has focused on establishing the technical skills of the surgeon on the console, and has not systematically addressed the new skills required for other team members, the use of the workspace, or the organizational changes.

Results

Human factors studies of robotic surgery have demonstrated not just the effects of these hidden complexities on people, teams, processes, and proximal outcomes, but also have been able to analyze and explain in detail why they happen and offer methods to address them. We review studies on workload, communication, workflow, workspace, and coordination in robotic surgery, and then discuss the potential for improvement that these studies suggest within the wider healthcare system.

Conclusion

There is a growing need to understand and develop approaches to safety and quality improvement through human-systems integration at the frontline of care. Precis: The introduction of robotic surgery has exposed under-acknowledged complexities of introducing complex technology into operating rooms. We explore the methodological and practical challenges, provide examples of evidence-based improvements, and discuss the implications for systems engineering and clinical human factors research and practice.
Otherwise than Empire: Psychotherapeutic Implications of Brueggemann’s Prophetic Imagination
Authors: Horton George R.
Published: March 2022

This article draws on theologian Walter Brueggemann’s analysis of the prophetic tradition in the Hebrew and Christian scriptures to suggest implications for psychotherapists who wish to understand and intervene with patients in more hermeneutically grounded ways. It begins with a brief biographical contextualization of Walter Brueggemann’s work as an Old Testament scholar followed by an extrapolation of key themes in his work. These are (1) the ubiquity of empire, (2) the critical dismantling of empire through grief, and (3) the penetration of despair through the resuscitation of imagination that sees a future otherwise than empire. The article then moves to implications for a hermeneutically sensitive psychotherapy that makes use of the prophetic tradition to fashion a “prophetic sensibility.” Finally, the clinical practice of a prophetic sensibility is demonstrated through an examination of relevant case material.
The Terror Management Function of Descendent Continuity: Evidence That Descendent Continuity Acts as a Distal and Proximal Defense
Authors: Qi Jiawei
Published: March 2022

Previous researches showed that offspring can function as a distal defense, we presented seven studies to further explore the role of offspring in terror management for Chinese people based on their unique fertility culture. Both Studies 1a and 1b found that mortality salience increased desire for children. Study 2 showed that offspring salience reduced the effect of mortality salience on social transgressions judgments. Study 3 revealed that disruption of procreation strivings increased death-thought accessibility. Study 4 demonstrated that conscious responses to worldview threats overwhelmed the unconscious compensation effect of worldview threats on desire for children. Study 5a and Study 5b found that offspring salience decreased death anxiety for parents and nonparents. Taken together, these findings expand terror management theory, emphasizing descendent continuity not only as a related yet separate distal defense from the cultural worldviews, self-esteem, and close relationship but also as a proximal defense, especially for Chinese.
Hemodynamic oxygenator exchange-related effects during veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for the treatment of acute SARS-CoV-2 respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Colombier Sébastien , Gross Adrien , Schneider Antoine , Tozzi Piergiorgio , Ltaief Zied , Verdugo-Marchese Mario , Kirsch Matthias , Niclauss Lars
Published: March 2022

Few patients with coronavirus disease 2019–associated severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) require veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV-ECMO). Prolonged VV-ECMO support necessitates repeated oxygenator replacement, increasing the risk for complications. Transient hypoxemia, induced by VV-ECMO stop needed for this procedure, may induce transient myocardial ischemia and acutely declining cardiac output in critically ill patients without residual pulmonary function. This is amplified by additional activation of the sympathetic nervous system (tachycardia, pulmonary vasoconstriction, and increased systemic vascular resistance). Immediate reinjection of the priming solution of the new circuit and induced acute iatrogenic anemia are other potentially reinforcing factors. The case of a critically ill patient presented here provides an instructive illustration of the hemodynamic relationships occurring during VV-ECMO support membrane oxygenator exchange.
Glutaraldehyde fixation of venous valve tissue: A benchmark for alternative fixation methods
Authors: Laughlin Megan , Kapales Makenzie , Thakali Keshari , Girardot Marc , Jensen Morten
Published: March 2022

Objective

Bioprosthetic venous valves have yet to achieve long-term patency due to issues with calcification following implantation that is influenced by current xenograft fixation methods, most notably glutaraldehyde. The goal of this study was to investigate the effects of glutaraldehyde fixation on the functional properties of venous tissue to establish a benchmark for the evaluation of alternative fixation methods.

Methods

The degree of crosslinking was evaluated by determining shrink temperature and the stability of tissue with pronase and collagenase digestion.

Results

Glutaraldehyde fixation of venous tissue was confirmed by a significant difference in the shrink temperature between fresh and glutaraldehyde treated samples. Significant differences in the amount of tissue remaining following digestion were observed for venous versus cardiac tissue.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the importance of tissue-specific evaluation in the development of alternative xenograft fixation methods to improve outcomes with bioprosthetic venous valves.
Prevalence of Suicidality and its Association with Quality of Life in Older Patients with Clinically Stable Psychiatric Disorders in China During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liu Rui , Xu Xiuying , Zou Siyun , Li Yulong , Wang Huan , Yan Xiaona , Du Xiangdong , Zhang Lan , Zhang Qinge , Li Wen , Cheung Teris , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Xiang Yu-Tao
Published: March 2022

Aims

The pattern of suicidality in older patients with psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic is not clear. This study examined the prevalence of suicidality and its association with quality of life (QOL) among older clinically stable patients with psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted from May 22 to July 15, 2020, among four major tertiary psychiatric hospitals in China. Suicidality was assessed by asking 3 standardized questions. Depressive symptoms, pain, and QOL were assessed with the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS), and the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire-brief version, respectively.

Results

A total of 1063 clinically stable patients participated and completed the assessment. The prevalence of suicidality was 11.8% (95% CI: 9.9%–13.7%) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that poor treatment adherence (P = .009, OR = 1.86, 95% CI: 1.17–2.96) and perceived illness worsening during the COVID-19 outbreak (P = .02, OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.15–3.73), being diagnosed with major depressive disorder (P < .001, OR = 2.79, 95% CI: 1.68–4.64), PHQ-9 total score (P < .001, OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.15–1.24) and NPRS total score (P = .002, OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.06–1.29) were associated with higher risk of suicidality. After controlling for covariates, older psychiatric patients with suicidality had lower QOL compared to those without (F(1, 1063) =16.5, P<.001).

Conclusions

Suicidality was common in older patients with clinically stable psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering its negative impact on QOL and personal suffering, routine screening and preventive suicide measures should be implemented for older psychiatric patients.
Network Analysis of Depression, Anxiety, Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms, Insomnia, Pain, and Fatigue in Clinically Stable Older Patients With Psychiatric Disorders During the COVID-19 Outbreak
Authors: Li Wen , Zhao Na , Yan Xiaona , Xu Xiuying , Zou Siyun , Wang Huan , Li Yulong , Du Xiangdong , Zhang Lan , Zhang Qinge , Cheung Teris , Ungvari Gabor S. , Ng Chee H. , Xiang Yu-Tao
Published: March 2022

Objectives

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has profound negative effects on the mental health of clinically stable older patients with psychiatric disorders. This study examined the influential nodes of psychiatric problems and their associations in this population using network analysis.

Methods

Clinically stable older patients with psychiatric disorders were consecutively recruited from four major psychiatric hospitals in China from May 22 to July 15, 2020. Depressive and anxiety syndromes (depression and anxiety hereafter), insomnia, posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS), pain, and fatigue were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire, General Anxiety Disorder, Insomnia Severity Index, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist - Civilian Version, and Numeric Rating Scales for pain and fatigue, respectively.

Results

A total of 1063 participants were included. The network analysis revealed that depression was the most influential node followed by anxiety as indicated by the centrality index of strength. In contrast, the edge connecting depression and anxiety was the strongest edge, followed by the edge connecting depression and insomnia, and the edge connecting depression and fatigue as indicated by edge-weights. The network structure was invariant by gender based on the network structure invariance test (M = .14, P = .20) and global strength invariance tests (S = .08, P = .30).

Conclusions

Attention should be paid to depression and its associations with anxiety, insomnia, and fatigue in the screening and treatment of mental health problems in clinically stable older psychiatric patients affected by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Verification Techniques in FinTech Compared from User Perspectives
Authors: Wang Jen Sheng
Published: March 2022

FinTech, which primarily uses mobile devices and applications as promotional platforms, is on the rise, and verification techniques play an important role. This study aims to compare verification techniques for the development of FinTech. Based on the research goal, this study newly adds the three variables “perceived privacy,” “perceived trust,” and “perceived satisfaction” to extend the traditional technology acceptance model (TAM) as the analysis architecture. Second, this study applies the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process to integrate the nonfuzzy best performance as the novelty hybrid multiple-criteria decision-making (MCDM) approach. According to the above research framework, this study investigates over 400 users for a more complete comparison of verification techniques in FinTech. The outcomes first indicate that perceived usefulness is the most emphasized key objective in comparing verification techniques. It also indicates that personal information leaking should be considered and then strengthens user trust. Additionally, the biometrics verification technique would be more advantageous for evaluating and selecting target users in FinTech industries because of their high criteria scores. The objectives and criteria of this study could suggest strategies and measures to improve verification techniques in FinTech to meet user expectations.
Meibomian gland alteration in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Li Yixuan , Ou Shangkun , Lin Sijie , Qian Hongyan , Zhao Zhongyang , Zhang Mengqin , Li Siyang , Liu Yuan , Shi Guixiu
Published: March 2022

Purpose

To investigate meibomian gland (MG) alteration in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

This study included 23 SLE patients evaluated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI) and 21 healthy controls (HCs). All the subjects were evaluated with Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire, and the eyes were performed examinations of tear meniscus height (TMH), non-invasive keratographic tear film break-up time (NIKBUT), Schirmer I Test, MG eyelid score, meibography score, and in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM) on the meibomian gland.

Results

There was no significant difference between the SLE patients and the HCs in the TMH, NIKBUT, and Schirmer I Test. However, the SLE patients had higher MG eyelid scores and meibography scores on both upper eyelid and lower eyelid than the HCs. Through meibography observation, 34.8% of the SLE patients presented MG deficiency in Grade 3, whereas that of all the HCs were less than Grade 3. The SLE patients were found to have significant MG atrophy and vascular enrichment around the meibomian glands (MGs). The SLE patients were also found to have excessive inflammatory cell infiltration around the MGs, especially the typical lymph node-like foci of inflammatory cell infiltration.

Conclusions

MG alteration can be found in the SLE patients. Examinations of the MGs can help diagnose or infer ocular diseases at an early stage of SLE.
Psychiatrists’ views on the New Zealand End of Life Choice Act
Authors: Cassidy Helen , Sims Adam , Every-Palmer Susanna
Published: March 2022

Objective

This cross-sectional survey aimed to establish the views and intentions of New Zealand (NZ) psychiatrists regarding their role as competence assessors in the NZ End of Life Choice Act (‘Act’). Some questions were replicated from a pre-existing Ministry of Health workforce survey regarding the Act, for comparative analysis between psychiatrists and other health professionals.

Methods

The survey was disseminated via email to all NZ psychiatrists registered with the Royal Australia and NZ College of Psychiatry and promoted by snowballing methods to reach non-members.

Results

There were similar (moderate) levels of understanding of the Act, compared to other health professionals. Psychiatrists show similar levels of support for assisted dying as other health professionals (55% and 47%, respectively), however psychiatrists are significantly less likely to be willing to provide assisted dying services than other health professionals. Concerns were raised regarding the challenges faced by psychiatrists and need for more clarity around the psychiatrist’s role.

Conclusions

Few NZ psychiatrists were willing to be involved with the Act. There was a perceived lack of information around a psychiatrist’s role, responsibilities and legal protections. Further guidance is needed regarding the concept of capacity in assisted dying and the factors that challenge these assessments.
Preventative Cancer Screening Rates Among Uninsured Patients in Free Clinics: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Cancer Survivors and Non-cancer Survivors
Authors: MacDonald Madeline , Mirza Abu-Sayeef , Mhaskar Rahul , Ewing Aldenise , Chen Liwei , Robinson Katherine , Lu Yuanyuan , Ayoubi Noura , Gonzalez Eduardo , Guerra Lucy , Roetzheim Richard , Woodard Laurie , Pabbathi Smitha
Published: March 2022

Background

There is limited research on screening rates among uninsured cancer survivors. Uninsured cancer survivors are at higher risk of poorer health outcomes than the insured due to limited access to preventative screening for secondary cancers. This study examines the rates of surveillance and screening of uninsured cancer survivors and compares to uninsured patients without a cancer history seen in free clinics.

Methods

Data were collected retrospectively from electronic medical records and paper charts of patients from 10 free clinics between January 2016 and December 2018 in the Tampa Bay area. The prevalence of socioeconomic characteristics, cancer diagnoses, and screening practices were compared for cancer survivors and free clinic patients without a history of cancer. Study participants were determined to be eligible for cancer screenings based on the United States Preventive Services Task Force guidelines.

Results

Out of 13 982 uninsured patients frequenting free clinics between 2016 and 2018, 402 (2.9%) had a documented history of cancer. Out of the 285 eligible cancer survivors, 44 (15.4%) had completed age-appropriate colon cancer screening. Among the 170 female cancer survivors, 75 (44.1%) had completed breast cancer screenings, and only 5.9% (59/246) had completed cervical cancer screenings. After adjusting for age, gender, race, salary, employment status, and household size, cancer survivors were more likely to undergo colorectal cancer screening (OR: 3.59, 95% CI: 2.10–6.15) and breast cancer screening (OR: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.30–3.84) than patients without a cancer history. This difference was not seen for cervical cancer screening (OR: 0.99, 95% CI: .62–1.58).

Conclusions

Uninsured cancer survivors frequenting free clinics represent a unique population that is underrepresented in the medical literature. Our results suggest that uninsured survivors use screening services at higher rates when compared to uninsured patients without a reported cancer diagnosis. However, these rates are suboptimal when compared to national screening rates of insured cancer survivors.
Static condensation of peridynamic heat conduction model
Authors: Galadima Yakubu Kasimu , Oterkus Erkan , Oterkus Selda
Published: March 2022

A model order reduction methodology for reducing the order of the peridynamic transient heat model is proposed. This methodology is based on the static condensation procedure. To set the development of the model reduction procedure on a sound mathematical setting, a nonlocal vector calculus was employed in the formulation of the heat transport problem. The model order reduction framework proposed in this study provides a technique to reduce the dimensionality of a peridynamic transport model while still maintaining accurate prediction of the model response. Moreover, the methodology can be adaptively applied to accommodate different resolution requirements for different sections of the model. Using numerical experiments, the proposed methodology is shown to be capable of accurately reproducing results of the full peridynamic transient heat transport problem.
News comment sections and online echo chambers: The ideological alignment between partisan news stories and their user comments
Authors: Han Jiyoung , Lee Youngin , Lee Junbum , Cha Meeyoung
Published: March 2022

This study explored the presence of digital echo chambers in the realm of partisan media’s news comment sections in South Korea. We analyzed the political slant of 152 K user comments written by 76 K unique contributors on NAVER, the country’s most popular news aggregator. We found that the political slant of the average user comments to be in alignment with the political leaning of the conservative news outlets; however, this was not true of the progressive media. A considerable number of comment contributors made a crossover from like-minded to cross-cutting partisan media and argued with their political opponents. The majority of these crossover commenters were “headstrong ideologues,” followed by “flip-floppers” and “opponents.” The implications of the present study are discussed in light of the potential for the news comment sections to be the digital cafés of Public Sphere 2.0 rather than echo chambers.
Oti axamiyagiri: Assamese nationalistic masculine identity, United Liberation Front of Asom and cyberspace
Authors: Sarmah Parikshit , Nath Debarshi Prasad
Published: March 2022

This paper argues that the emergence of social media as a new public sphere has shaped masculine identity in the cyber platform. Such masculinity in Assamese society (the Assamese-speaking community), based on the images of the ideal Assamese man is linked with a form of Assamese nationalistic masculinity that gathered momentum during the Assam Movement (1979–1985). Politics of identity in Assam is basically trapped in the world of appearances, fighting real and imaginary enemies, and drawing strength from prejudices and misconceptions of groups, about themselves and others. This process of identity creation also shaped the identity of the “ideal” Assamese man in the recent socio-political history of Assam. This article is an attempt to define how masculinity works in the cyber world by focusing attention on Assamese nationalistic masculinity which is based on the image of the “RealAssamese Man.” The “Real Assamese Man,” in turn, draws inspiration from a socio-cultural context which started with the creation of Assamese iconographies of masculinity which were later transformed and appropriated to serve the purpose of identity-politics.
Factors associated with participation in life situations in people with COPD
Authors: D’Amore Cassandra , O’Hoski Sachi , Griffith Lauren E , Richardson Julie , Goldstein Roger S , Beauchamp Marla K
Published: March 2022

Objective

To examine potential determinants of participation frequency and limitations in people with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD).

Methods

For this secondary analysis, we grouped the following factors using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) components: age, psychological distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)), gait aid use, supplemental oxygen use, grip strength, modified Medical Research Council Dyspnea scale, Short Physical Performance Battery, and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT). Participation was measured using the frequency and limitation domains of the Late Life Disability Instrument (LLDI). Relationships between factors and participation were examined using linear regression.

Results

Ninety-six participants (age 68.7 ± 8.1 yrs; FEV1 %pred 34 IQR 25–54) were included in the analysis. Factors were linked to four ICF components: activity, body functions, personal, and environmental factors. The final model for LLDI-frequency contained HADS, use of gait aid, and 6MWT (F (3, 81) = 27.69 ( p < .001), R2 = 0.51), and for LLDI-limitations, the final model included age, HADS, and 6MWT (F (3, 82) = 19.74 ( p < .001), R2 = 0.42).

Discussion

Participation in life situations in people with COPD is associated with multiple ICF components. Psychological distress (i.e., anxiety and depression symptoms) and mobility were important determinants of participation frequency and limitations. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these relationships.
The Routinization of Media Events: Televised Sports in the Era of Mega-TV
Authors: Tamir Ilan , Lehman-Wilzig Sam
Published: March 2022

Media events theory, developed by Katz and Dayan in the 1990s, has become one of the most well-known and cited theories in communications research, well-aligned with television’s central role in social life at the time. However, three decades since, in which events have spilled over to other media spaces thereby reshaping the theory’s underlying concept, sports broadcasts have remained a consistently stable source of media events. Although the original theory addressed media events as a rare phenomenon of a distinct, well-defined nature, the current study describes sports events that globally now constitute a sequence of routine mega media events that effectively function as a key anchor in traditional television programing. In the era of multiple screens, content abundance, and flexible viewing times, media events have become classic linear television’s programing core—instrumental in retaining its viewer base and in exploiting television’s advantage over rival screens and content. As a result, sport has become television’s main resource, thus indicating a need to revise elements of media theory. This study suggests several revision possibilities and what they entail methodologically for researchers.
A Downside of Increasing Human Capital: The Role of Higher Education in Poverty Segregation in U.S. Cities
Authors: Crubaugh Bryant , Le Benjamin , Wood Maggie
Published: March 2022

City administrations often work hard to attract or retain college-educated residents. Research has consistently demonstrated that increased education in a city is associated with beneficial outcomes, making cities’ efforts to recruit and retain college-educated individuals logical. However, we challenge the notion that rising rates of education is a universal positive by investigating a potential downside of such efforts: poverty segregation. In this article, we ask, how does an increase in higher education rates affect poverty segregation and are all cities at equal risk of this harmful consequence? Using fixed-effects analyses of U.S. cities from 1990 to 2010 to test this relationship, our results show that an increase of college-educated residents is associated with increased poverty segregation. Yet, not all cities are affected equally. Cities with predominantly Black residents and more civil rights organizations have lower or reversed associations between higher education and poverty concentration, especially when the college-educated population is increasingly Black. Recruiting college-educated individuals may help some, while further worsening existing structural inequalities.
Exploring the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Male Mental Health Emergencies Attended by Ambulances During the First National “Lockdown” in the East Midlands of the United Kingdom
Authors: Moore Harriet Elizabeth , Siriwardena Aloysius Niroshan , Gussy Mark , Hill Bartholomew , Tanser Frank , Spaight Robert
Published: March 2022

The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and associated mitigation strategies such as “lockdown” are having widespread adverse psychological effects, including increased levels of anxiety and depression. Most research using self-reported data highlights the pandemic’s impact on the psychological well-being of females, whereas data for mental health emergency presentations may reflect the impact on male mental health more accurately. We analyzed records of male mental health emergencies occurring in the East Midlands of the United Kingdom during the first national “lockdown.” We computed two binary logistic regression models to (a) compare male mental health emergencies occurring during “lockdown,” 2020 (5,779) with those occurring in the same period in 2019 ( N = 4,744) and (b) compare male ( N = 5,779) and female ( N = 7,695) mental health emergencies occurring during “lockdown.” Comparisons considered the characteristics of mental health emergencies recorded by ambulance clinicians (Primary Impressions), and the socioeconomic characteristics of communities where emergencies use the Index of Multiple Deprivation. We found that during “lockdown,” male emergencies were more likely to involve acute anxiety (odds ratio [OR]: 1.42) and less likely to involve intentional drug overdose (OR: 0.86) or attempted suicide (OR: 0.71) compared with 2019. Compared with females, male emergencies were more likely to involve acute behavioral disturbance (OR: 1.99) and less likely to involve anxiety (OR: 0.67), attempted suicide (OR: 0.83), or intentional drug overdose (OR: 0.76). Compared with 2019, and compared with females, males experiencing mental health emergencies during “lockdown” were more likely to present in areas of high deprivation. Understanding the presentation of male mental health emergencies could inform improved patient care pathways.
Incidental finding of mild COVID-19 pneumonia with multiple thromboembolic disease: A case report
Authors: Yusuf Mohamud Mohamed Farah , Mukhtar Mahad Sadik
Published: March 2022

Corona virus disease is thought to be of zoonotic origin which has been named SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) and was first introduced in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Although the corona virus-associated inflammatory state can additionally lead to significant thromboembolic complications despite prophylaxis, previous studies have reported the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 are varied, ranging from asymptomatic to severe. Here, we reported a 69-year-old female infected with COVID-19 pneumonia, presenting with shortness of breath, chest pain, and left leg swelling for 1 week. Although the patients who had no history of chronic disease, but she was diagnosed with pulmonary thromboembolism and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) from mild case of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Orange palpebral spots: A case presentation
Authors: Sangha Mahaveer S , Ibrahim Hazem AH , Meys Rhonda
Published: March 2022

Orange palpebral spots are described as bilateral, ovoid, poorly defined orange-yellow macules on the superior eyelid and are predominantly reported in Caucasian populations. Previous reports have found correlations with melatonin incontinence secondary to trauma, lipofuscin accumulation in patients with superficial fatty tissue and palpebral thinness, and vitamin E, carotenoid and beta-cryptoxanthin levels. We present, to our knowledge, the first case of orange palpebral spots reported in the United Kingdom, in a patient with a background of atopy, significant sun exposure, bilateral cataracts and retinal detachment. The 59-year-old male initially presented with a dorsal nasal lesion with the differential: basal cell/trichoblastic carcinoma. During his excisional Mohs surgery, bilateral orange-yellow discolourations of the superior palpebrae were noted. The history was not significant for consumption of dietary sources of pigmentation, such as carotenoids, xanthophylls and vitamin E – found in green leafy vegetables and nut oils, respectively. The age of onset was unknown. A diagnostic skin punch biopsy was suggestive of orange palpebral spots and showed thinning of the epidermis, high-situated superficial and mature fat cells, with minimal pigment incontinence and perivascular lymphocytic infiltration. In addition, solar elastoses were identified on histology. After review in our local clinic-pathological meeting and of the published literature, a diagnosis of orange palpebral spots was given. The pathogenesis of orange palpebral spots remains to be elucidated. The role of sun exposure as a contributing factor to the generation of orange palpebral spots is therefore discussed.
The Forced Turnover Effect on an Overconfident CEO: Evidence From Taiwan-Listed Firms
Authors: Lin Cho-Min , Chang Ming-Chung , Chao Yi-Hui
Published: March 2022

This research focuses on investigating the reasons why an overconfident chief executive officer (CEO) is forced to leave by examining CEO turnover observations from 463 Taiwan-listed companies over the period 2008 to 2016 and using the Cox semi-parametric proportional hazard model to test the reasons for CEOs being laid off. The empirical result shows that overconfidence increases a CEO’s forced turnover risk, but this risk is not significant for an overconfident CEO in a company with a high proportion of controlling shareholders on the board. In addition, an overconfident CEO’s forced turnover risk decreases when he/she has strong business and management ability. This paper contributes to the literature by demonstrating the relationship between a CEO’s forced turnover risk and control-affiliated directors as well as the CEO’s ability.
Cross-Cultural Adaptation of Chinese Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment–Achilles (VISA-A) Questionnaire for Achilles Tendinopathy
Authors: Ko Violet Man Chi , Lau Ngo Nam , Qiu Ji Hong , Fu Sai-Chuen , Yung Patrick Shu-Hang , Ling Samuel Ka-Kin
Published: March 2022

Background:

Victorian Institute of Sports Assessment (VISA-A) is a patient-reported outcome for assessing symptoms severity associated with Achilles tendinopathy (AT). It is a valid and reliable tool that has been used widely for measuring and monitoring treatment outcomes for AT. This clinical measurement study aims to develop a Chinese version of the VISA-A questionnaire. The study objective is to adapt the VISA-A questionnaire cross-culturally and assess its psychometric property for Chinese-speaking individuals.

Methods:

VISA-A was translated and adapted cross-culturally according to international guidelines for self-reported questionnaires. During the establishment of Chinese VISA-A, there are 5 stages involved in the creation process, including translation, synthesis, reverse translation, review, and pretesting, which are performed by professionals in various fields, including orthopaedic surgeons, physiotherapists, and professional translators.

Results:

A total of 60 participants were recruited to complete the Chinese VISA-A and 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaires. The overall test-retest reliability was 0.98 (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.97-0.99). The correlation between Chinese VISA-A and physical function subscale ( r = 0.70) was strong and statistically significant. There were moderate correlations between Chinese VISA-A, limitations to role of physical function subscale ( r = 0.30), and bodily pain subscale ( r = 0.42), which were also statistically significant. There were statistically significant differences in Chinese VISA-A scores between healthy control and pathologic group ( P < .001), at-risk group, and pathologic group ( P < .001) respectively.

Conclusion:

Chinese VISA-A demonstrated good reliability and validity for measuring symptom severity in patients with AT. Chinese VISA-A can be recommended as a self-reported measure for monitoring symptoms severity and treatment progress of patients with Achilles tendinopathy. Level of Evidence: Level II, cohort study.
Conducting an Endoscopic Sinus Surgery Dissection Course via Telesimulation: An Initial Experience
Authors: Tham Alex C. , Himdi Lamiae , Nguyen Lily H.P. , Frenkiel Saul , Tewfik Marc Antoine
Published: March 2022

Objective

Medical education has been severely disrupted by the COVID‐19 pandemic, with many in‐person educational activities transitioned to distance learning. To overcome this challenge, we utilized telesimulation to conduct an endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) dissection course. Our objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness and acceptability of telesimulation as an alternative to in‐person dissection courses for resident training.

Study Design

Cross‐sectional study.

Setting

Academic medical centers.

Methods

The course, consisting of lectures and hands‐on dissection, was conducted entirely over the Zoom platform. The participants were allocated outpatient clinic rooms at 2 hospitals, while the instructors supervised remotely. We utilized the camera systems in the clinics and 3‐dimensional–printed sinus models for the dissection. Laptops with cameras were used to capture the endoscopic image and the dissector. We evaluated the effectiveness of telesimulation, the surgical skills of the participants, and the course by way of pre‐ and posttest and a questionnaire.

Results

A total of 8 participants and 7 instructors participated in the study. Telesimulation was found to be effective in helping participants gain knowledge and skills in ESS. All participants improved on their pretest scores (31.5% vs 73.4%, P =. 003) and felt more comfortable with ESS postcourse (1.9 vs 3.2, P =. 008). Participants and instructors opined that telesimulation is an acceptable alternative to in‐person dissection courses.

Conclusion

Telesimulation is an effective, acceptable, and viable alternative to in‐person dissection courses. It also has the advantage of overcoming temporal and geographic constraints to surgical training in residency.
Understanding the Experiences of Living With an Artificial Eye in Children With Retinoblastoma—Perspectives of Children and Their Parents
Authors: Gibbs Deanna , Reynolds Laura , Shea Yates Tara
Published: March 2022

Background: Retinoblastoma is a rare form of pediatric eye cancer for which enucleation is a common treatment modality. There is an increasing focus upon the impact of enucleation on children and families. This study aimed to explore the experiences of children and their families following enucleation to consider the barriers that may be encountered when adjusting to living with an artificial eye and identifying the support services and strategies used to address these barriers. Methods: Using a descriptive qualitative approach, interviews were conducted with 12 parents and seven children and thematic analysis was used to identify four themes representing the perspective of parents and children. Results: Parent themes identified were (a) entry into the world of retinoblastoma; (b) the importance of specialist support; (c) a family learning to cope; and (d) navigating school. The perspectives of children were (a) the importance of preparation and play; (b) positive reinforcement and hospital support; (c) support and openness at home; and (d) the importance of good school planning. Two overarching themes related to parent and child adaptation were also identified. Discussion: The study findings reveal that the process of adapting to living with an artificial eye extended to influencing decisions around parenting, learning to advocate for their child, and supporting children through school and peer relationships. For children, the importance of ongoing support and information was vital to enhance understanding, adaptation, and development of independence. Overall, the study suggests that children and families undergoing enucleation need continuing, individualized, and specialist support.