bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foundation of 20,000 m3 tanks on soft soils from risk assessment point of view
Authors: PULKO Boštjan , BATTELINO Lilian , LOGAR Janko
Published: June 2018

In mid 1980s, the construction of seven smaller tanks having maximum volume of 7,500 m3 and maximum diameter of 25 m for the storage of liquid goods took place in the Port of Koper on the deposit of 28 m thick soft clayey layer. Ground improvement with geosynthetic encased stone columns and preloading was used (Sovinc, Vogrinčič, 1991). Due to satisfactory performance of these tanks, six new large tanks were first supposed to be built in similar way. Due to time constraints and risks involved with much larger tank sizes (V = 20,000 m3 and D = 48.7 m) in combination with variable ground conditions, these new tanks were finally founded on driven tubular steel piles. The paper will present step‐by‐step decision‐making process from the risk management perspective supported by ground investigations, pile load tests and numerical modelling. Finally, the measured behaviour of the new tanks after first 9 years of operation will be shown and practical experience with maintenance of these tanks and connecting pipelines will be shortly presented.
Lateral pressure relief at a bridge by Geosynthetic Encased Columns (GEC): latest experience
Authors: BLUME Karl‐Heinz , ALEXIEW Dimiter , RAITHEL Marc
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
On the effectiveness of site investigation in regard to project costs – a case study
Authors: FREITAG Peter , MARTAC Eugen , REICHENAUER Thomas
Published: June 2018

Geotechnical and environmental investigations for the planning of remediation measures are often reduced to the minimum required by national standards and authorities – or even less. This paper will highlight the positive effects of increased investigation efforts on reduction of total remediation costs at a specific site. The subsoil of this site is partially contaminated with perchloroethene. The site investigation included two campaigns of Membrane Interface Probing (MIP). The results of the MIP investigation were validated by taking depth‐oriented soil and groundwater samples. This high resolution of site characterization aimed to identify the contaminated hot spots as prerequisite for successful site remediation. A conceptual site model containing the spatial distribution of the contamination and the lithology was generated for the area of interest and was continuously updated during the investigation period. Based on this model, the architecture, volume and size of the contamination source zone that has to be treated was estimated with increasing stringency.
Geotechnical assessments of plain terrain fortifications in Albania
Authors: GEGA Mirva , SUKAJ Silvana
Published: June 2018

The research includes work on historical buildings, fortifications and cult monuments. Because of its diverse architectural and historical heritages, Albania offers plenty of research opportunities particularly in the repair of the geotechnical structures. A set of geological and geotechnical conditions will be analysed in order to comprehend conditions of two case studies placed in Peqini region. These are of significant importance according to their construction and for the fact that their closed contour foundations are present from the Romans period (in the Peqini castle) and constructed with limestone material brought from an older object (in the Clock Tower). Combination of type of structure and plain terrain geological characteristics are assessed. The goal is to contribute in the geotechnical assessment and revitalization of the case studies selected as objects with value for the community and for the field of geotechnical maintenance. Ultimately, this fosters a better appreciation of the historical heritage in Albania through the understanding of their geotechnical predictions reliability.
Settlement prediction of gypsum sludge based on different test methods
Authors: MAČEK Matej , SMOLAR Jasna , PETKOVŠEK Ana
Published: June 2018

Paper compares the laboratory and filed tests results, obtained at the red gypsum sludge impoundment Za Travnik, permanently covered with water. Tests were carried out in order to predict the long term sludge settlements below the dry filter cake fill above it. A good prediction of settlements is important to prevent water pounding on final vegetation cover. Settlements were calculated based on field tests results and from laboratory oedometer tests with and without creep. Comparison of calculated and measured settlements show that secondary consolidation (creep) plays an important role in settlement forecast.
Ground improvement methods for road construction in Slovakia
Authors: MUŠEC Peter , FRANKOVSKÁ Jana , JANTÁK Viktor
Published: June 2018

The paper summarizes soil improvement methods used during the road and embankments construction in Slovakia. In the areas of fine grained sediments in Slovakia, clay layers present a relatively high risk for the preparation and construction of cuts and embankments, as documented by examples in this paper. The case study is situated on the construction sites on motorway in Slovakia, expressway R2 Ruskovce –Pravotice. In order to illustrate clay improvements, three of the most frequently used methods in Slovakia and case studies on ground improvement are presented. Efficiency of stone columns, vertical drains and soil replacement (stone drainage ribs) based on the results of geotechnical monitoring is analysed for comparable engineering‐geological and hydrogeological conditions.
Stability analysis of “Kukovi” landslide
Authors: ŠPAGO Azra , HADROVIĆ Armin , HAJDUK Ismet , JAZVIN Ena
Published: June 2018

This paper presents conducted stability analysis for landslide „Kukovi”, Bosnia and Herzegovina. As all geological cross sections are formed of rock mass that lies under upper layers of soil cover, analysis have been run by using Hoek Brown failure criterion and Mohr‐Coulomb failure criterion respectively. Data on geotechnical parameters were determined by statistical analysis of results from laboratory experiments, field tests and literature data. Values of safety factor are obtained by deterministic slope stability analysis using characteristic values of parameters from statistical distributions. Sensitivity analysis for safety factors has been completed and Monte‐Carlo probability analysis adopted distribution curves for parameters.
Experimental and numerical analysis to determine the uplift capacity of piles in gravels
Authors: ABAZI Sead , SUSINOV Bojan , GJORGJEVSKI Spasen
Published: June 2018

This paper describes the process of testing and design of tension piles as fundaments of air‐supported structures for sports facilities. Two piles with different ratio between diameter and length are tested on axial static tensile load for designing purposes. The results are later compared with FEM numerical model. The obtained ultimate uplift capacity from site experiments is confirmed with the numerical model. The results from the numerical analysis regarding the shear and normal interface stresses are used to determine the soil‐pile friction angle δ. At the end, artificial neural networks were used to predict the uplift bearing capacity of piles with different geometry and soil conditions.
A design approach for piles adjacent to embankments
Authors: AKBAY ARAMA Zülal , YARAMIŞ Melek , ÇİNİCİOĞLU S. Feyza
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Methodology for determination of rock durability with special attention to waste rock from metallic mineral deposits
Authors: ANGELOVA Elena , PESHEVSKI Igor , JOVANOVSKI Milorad
Published: June 2018

Chemical‐mechanical weathering of waste rocks from metallic mineral deposits leads to reduction of their strength and deformability. This is of great importance if there is intention to use these rocks as construction material for large structures such as rock fill dams, high embankments or levees. Thus, determination of rock durability is essential in avoiding disintegration of the structures with time. The paper presents the outcomes from procedure with modification of the slake durability test that was applied to several types of waste rocks from a sulfide copper deposit. In addition, an overview is presented of time‐dependant weathering correlations for soft rocks, and possibility to develop similar correlations for hard rock resistance properties based on this research. Suggested methodology for durability testing of hard rocks is also presented. It is believed that application of such methodology will provide more realistic information about the long‐term weathering behavior of the waste rock construction materials.
Numerical modelling by finite elements for a pile foundation under lateral cyclic action
Authors: BATALI Loretta , DRĂGUŞIN Andrei , POPA Horaţiu
Published: June 2018

The present paper is proposing to make a comparison between numerical results using Finite Element Method and experimental ones, for an isolated pile foundation in sandy soil, submitted to cyclic actions from wave or wind. 3D numerical modelling was performed in CESAR – LCPC software, using Drucker‐Prager constitutive law with kinematic hardening for the soil. The small‐scale centrifuge test results were obtained by IFFSTAR Nantes. The numerical and the experimental results, concerning the pile head displacements were in good agreement.
Variability of overconsolidated soils from Poland in geotechnical practice
Authors: BOGUSZ Witold , WITOWSKI Marcin
Published: June 2018

The advantages of establishing databases of soil parameters are recognized within the geotechnical community. Especially, statistical description of soils is necessary tool for establishing probability distribution functions used in reliability based design framework and in standard deterministic approach of limit state design; previous knowledge, comparable experience, and engineering judgement, all play a major role in the selection process of characteristic values of most essential parameters. This is often done in face of limited amount of data from site investigation. The paper presents preliminary database compilation attempt for some parameters of overconsolidated glacial tills and clays from Poland. Due to a rapid growth of infrastructure and cities, analysis of already gathered data is essential for providing engineers with guidance on the variability of soil conditions, which is most noticeable in the case of fine‐grained overconsolidated strata. Focus is given to parameters obtained from triaxial laboratory tests, including small‐strain shear stiffness obtained from Bender Element Test.
In Demir Kapija, a 25 meters high reinforced earth® wall supports the Corridor X
Authors: BRANCAZ David , LUCAS Eric , TIGOULET Alain , GAPIKJ Irina
Published: June 2018

Reinforced Earth® structures combine select and controlled granular backfill with tensile reinforcements and a modular facing system. This ideal combination creates a long‐lasting gravity retaining structure. For more than 50 years, it gives solutions to civil engineering actors for infrastructure, mining, hydraulic and protective applications. On the Pan‐European corridor X, close to Demir Kapija, a major retaining structure reaching 25 m height was built, using Reinforced Earth® solution as an alternative to the access viaduct of the Bridge B2.
Reducing the risk of building degradation caused by groundwater table level variations in an area in Bucharest
Authors: BURLACU Catalin , OLINIC Ernest , MANEA Sanda
Published: June 2018

In Bucharest, wastewater is collected through main and secondary collectors, all of them discharging in the wastewater collector channel situated under the Dambovita River floor. Given the modifications of the groundwater table level fallowing the building of a metro line and, therefore, the necessity to reduce the intake of water coming from rain and groundwater infiltrations (conventionally considered clean) at Glina wastewater treatment plant, one of the solutions identified has been to build a drainage system next to the river. In this scenario, a groundwater table level variation would appear, and the study aimed to estimate the influence of the drainage system on the buildings in terms of settlements.
Application of deterministic and probabilistic ‐ SPT based liquefaction assessment triggering models
Authors: CHANEVA J. , BOJADJIEVA J. , SHESHOV Vl. , EDIP K. , KITANOVSKI T.
Published: June 2018

This paper presents an application of the SPT based liquefaction triggering models (both deterministic and probabilistic) proposed by Boulanger and Idriss (2010). Several authors consider deterministic approaches to be beneficial in areas of high seismicity. The procedure for predicting probability of liquefaction however can be alternative tool of analysis that could complement the deterministic procedures by providing information on the relative risk of liquefaction between design alternatives. It is used to estimate the probability of liquefaction for a given design earthquake magnitude and acceleration. Both deterministic and probabilistic approaches were used for a liquefaction susceptible soil profile for different percentage of fines. The location is in Ohrid, as a specific area with high groundwater tables, complex geological conditions and medium level seismicity. The potential of liquefaction is determined for all layers of the soil. The results show that the probabilistic approaches shouldn't be excluded in this assessment and can be more favourable for areas of intermediate seismicity.
Coupled approach in simulation of soil consolidation
Authors: IVANOVSKI D. , SHESHOV Vl. , EDIP K. , BOJADJIEVA J. , KITANOVSKI T. , CHANEVA J.
Published: June 2018

The aim of this paper is to present a mathematical framework and its corresponding coupled finite element discretization for fully saturated porous media. The model is developed as a coupled displacement‐pressure formulation in which the porous medium is composed of a soil skeleton and water in the pores. The considered problem in this paper is the consolidation of a saturated soil layer subjected to uniform pressure at the top. The coupled mathematical model addressed in this work considers both drained and undrained boundary conditions in the consolidation problem. The consequent mathematical model involves equations of mass and momentum balance for the whole system. Interesting outcomes are achieved from the numerical simulation and results are discussed thoroughly.
Strength‐deformability properties of tailing dam sand in large load span and unsaturated conditions
Authors: JOVANOV Zoran , ABAZI Sead , PAPIĆ Br. Jovan , PEŠEVSKI Igor
Published: June 2018

For the needs of determination of properties of sand from tailing dam, huge number of laboratory tests were performed at several high education institutions in R. Macedonia, where special attention was payed to determination of shearing strength. Namely, having in mind that the typical process at tailing dam understands that the fine and saturated sand is freely distributed along the slope, but that it is draining fast due to the permeability, parts of the sand instantly get the unsaturated condition. Moreover, respecting the height of the tailings dams, appropriate vertical loads also need to be considered. Therefore, loads in large span were applied during the direct shear and the oedometer tests where the samples were embedded in different saturated sonditions, as well as the suction was investigated. Those tests and their results are briefly commented.
Impact of unsaturated strength‐deformability properties on stress‐deformation condition and stability of tailing dams
Authors: JOVANOV Zoran , STRAŠESKI A. , PAPIĆ Br. J. , LJUBENKOV I. , SUSINOV B.
Published: June 2018

Tailing dams are large structures whose downstream slope is made from wet fine sand without applying compaction energy. They are always designed with parameters determined in saturated condition, but since the draining reduces the saturation degree, it favourably influences the behaviour of the dam. Having in mind the dedicated laboratory tests conducted in unsaturated condition, those determined strength and deformability parameters were applied in numerical analysis for the calculation of stress and strain condition and the stability of tailing dam. The results of these calculations are commented below since they contribute to the clarification of the role and influence of partial saturation on the slope stability and deformability of tailing sand.
3D modelling of train‐track interaction at bridge transition
Authors: KOCH Edina , HUDACSEK Péter , SZEPESHÁZI Róbert , KEGYES‐BRASSAI Orsolya
Published: June 2018

In bridge design Finite Element Method is the most commonly used tool for the calculation of stresses and strains in structures. The problem is more complex in case of high speed train infrastructure design due to the strict limitations of differential settlement in the transition zones. The railway transitions experience differential settlements due to differences in track system stiffness, track damping characteristics, foundation type, ballast settlement as a result of fouling and degradation, as well as fill and subgrade settlement. The problems associated with the transition zones require complex analysis. Aim of this study is to enhance our understanding of the dynamic behaviour of the bridge transition and its soil environment. The authors report the first results obtained by the investigation of a 3D numerical model of a bridge transition zone subject to dynamic loads of a structure embedded in soft soil environments using advanced constitutive model.
Preliminary results of numerical modelling of debris flow ‐ case study Leva reka, Serbia
Authors: KRUŠIĆ J. , SAMARDŽIĆ‐PETROVIĆ M. , MARJANOVIĆ M. , ABOLMASOV B. , MILJKOVIĆ S.
Published: June 2018

Leva reka debris flow (Kraljevo area, Serbia) was triggered by extreme rainfall in May 2014 in Serbia. A Huge amount of weathered Cretaceous flysch material formed debris dam, over 10m high, and made a lake on Leva reka (about 150m long, and 5m deep). Debris flow appears in an active ravine with the occasional stream flow. The debris flow is about 400m long, 100 wide at widest part, and about 30 m deep in deepest main part. Digital Elevation Model and orthophoto images were obtained by UAV survey in very high resolution as a detailed topographic input model, as well to define recomposition of material after displacement. A numerical modeling was made in RAMMS® software, which is based on Voellmy friction law. Main models, gave information about maximum flow height, velocity, and pressure in different parts.
Reliability of rock parameters determination
Authors: KUVIK Marian , FRANKOVSKÁ Jana , STOLÁRIK Ladislav
Published: June 2018

This paper describes the field test methods used for rock parameters determination. The basic problem of engineering geotechnical investigation is – besides geological condition's description – determination of specific geotechnical parameters of rock and soil on the construction site. The deformation parameters of rock mass may be obtained by execution of in‐situ tests, indirect estimations based on rock classification methods and laboratory testing. The results of a geological investigation are often based only on laboratory testing, which consequently leads to inadequate characteristics of geotechnical parameters of the rock mass. Results of pressuremeter and dilatometer tests for crystalline rocks and their interpretation are presented in the paper. Deformation parameters determined by rock dilatometer testing for geotechnical design of the expressway R2 in Slovakia are analysed. In this paper, simple expressions are derived for estimating the deformation modulus using rock quality designation and degree of faulting.
A case of complex geotechnical conditions for a water treatment facility
Authors: MULABDIĆ Mensur , MINAŽEK Krunoslav , LEKO‐KOS Marija , ORTOLAN Želimir , KALUÐER Jelena , MATIJEVIĆ Jelena
Published: June 2018

Waste water treatment facility of Vukovar city with capacity for 42000 inhabitants is planned to be built on Danube right riverbank, downstream the city. Due to a large area required for facility buildings and site topography, a plateau of 40000 m2 and total 270000 m3 needs to be built with a large part laying behind the sand filled embankment in Danube riverbed. Loess deposits near Danube riverbank are vertically rising up to 30 m from water level and a very narrow strip of dry land between river and loess slopes limits the possibilities for positioning the plateau for the facility, hence this kind of spreading bank to the river side was the only possible solution. The complex engineering problem demanded extensive investigation works and a sensitive analysis of stability, settlements and liquefaction susceptibility, as well as a strict and comprehensive control of sand embankment properties. Some of the specific aspects of design solution related to geotechnical analyses of the revetment and the plateau, formed for positioning the facility buildings, are presented in this paper.
Experimental and numerical modelling of deformations of a sheet pile wall near a foundation
Authors: OZPOLAT Aykut , AKSOY H. Suha , GOR Mesut
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Finite element modelling of seepage in concrete
Authors: PAP Miklós , MAHLER András , NEHME Salem Georges
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Evaluation of strength and deformation characteristic parameters for boulder clay at SGGW Campus considering test location
Authors: RABARIJOELY Simon , GARBULEWSKI Kazimierz
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Shear and compressibility characteristics of leachate based MSW using geotextile reinforced stone columns
Authors: SHAH Manish , JOSE Jerome , GANDHI Abhay , PRASAD Parmeshwar
Published: June 2018

This study is an attempt to enhance local municipal solid waste (MSW) of Ahmedabad city to be first used as engineering fill material based on its shear characteristics and to understand its compressibility behaviour and pore‐leachate interaction infusion of geotextile reinforced stone columns is carried out through model test set‐up. Focusing on the effect of leachate on compressibility and shear strength parameters, box shear test and consolidation test are performed on the MSW with addition of different concentrations of leachate at 25%, 50%, and 75% of OMC. Further to remediate compressibility issues due to post leachate‐MSW interaction, stone columns will be infused. Load ‐ settlement characteristics of surface submerged MSW by infusing stone column with L/D ratio 3.75 and 2.5 and position of lateral geotextile circular disc at a distance of L/2, L/3 and L/4 respectively from the top is obtained and experimental results are compared with theoretical approach. Overall results strongly recommended to use Pirana MSW as engineered fill material.
Classifying and characterising fine‐grained soils using fall cones
Authors: VARDANEGA Paul J. , O'KELLY Brendan C. , HAIGH Stuart K. , SHIMOBE Satoru
Published: June 2018

Soil classification tests (liquid and plastic limits) are the most common tests performed in geotechnical engineering practice. In ‘data poor’ regions that are also vulnerable to natural hazards, they are often the only information engineers have available to assign parameters for geotechnical modelling and assessment purposes. This paper presents a review of some key correlations that rely on these data and summarises some recent research findings regarding the relationship between liquid limits measured using the Casagrande cup and fall‐cone approaches, including the effect of different base hardness for the Casagrande cup device.
Experimental and theoretical analysis of punching shear of column footings according to fib MC 2010
Authors: BONIĆ Zoran , ROMIĆ Nikola , DAVIDOVIĆ Nebojša , PROLOVIĆ Verka , ZLATANOVIĆ Elefterija
Published: June 2018

Punching shear calculation procedures for column footings in the existing Standards are generally recommended on the basis of experiments performed on reinforced concrete slabs. Experimental researches of footings have hitherto rarely been conducted and they are mainly performed in laboratory conditions, in which soil is simulated in various ways. This study aims to analyse the punching shear of column footings in more realistic conditions both in terms of foundations and in terms of soil. For this purpose, investigations were carried out in situ with an experimental frame buried in a subgrade soil of the predesigned and controlled characteristics. In order to quantify the level of safety in the actual Standards, the results obtained according to fib MC 2010 are compared with the test results of the series of footings. In addition to the performed test results, the analysis results of other investigators regarding the punching shear of footings resting on the real soil are also presented.
Design reliability of slopes of different soil group masses
Authors: KOUDELKA Petr
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
The applications of geosynthetics and steel wire products in major Albanian roads
Authors: LOLI Elvis , HUTA Saimir , VICARI Marco , TUBERTINI Daniele
Published: June 2018

This paper presents an overview of projects carried out in Albania for the construction of new highways, where the use of steel products and geosynthetic materials has been successfully applied. It gives full details on the design criteria adopted for the use of reinforcements with different mechanical properties for the construction of two important road infrastructures: the Albania Motorway Project, from Rreshen to Kalimash across difficult mountainous terrain, where 30 walls were constructed by combining double twist steel wire mesh gabion facia with its tail extended as secondary reinforcement and high strength polyester geogrids as primary soil reinforcement, with a Hmax=37 m, and the Tirana‐Elbasan Highway, which provides Albania with access to Pan European Corridor VIII – in this project the combination of steel wire mesh and geogrid reinforcements is used for the construction of several walls with a maximum height of 28 m. In both projects, rockfall protection measures were incorporated on the slopes either to protect the new motorway or other existing infrastructures.
Design of pile foundations by taking into account piling technology
Authors: STACHO Jakub
Published: June 2018

The article deals with design of pile foundations by taking into account piling technology, which has significant impact onto pile's resistance and settlement. The analysis is focused especially to design of a continuous flight auger pile and a drilled displacement pile. The results of fully instrumented static load tests were analysed and compared with the results of different computational methods. The numerical modelling using FEM, the Cavity Expansion Theory and the Limit Load Curve Method allowed modelling of load – settlement curve of the pile. The numerical modelling using “indirect” modelling of the technology impact led to very accurate determination of the load – settlement curve. Software based on the Cavity Expansion Theory allowed determining the load – settlement curve of total piles resistance as well as piles base resistance. The load – settlement curve calculated using this method was equal to the results of a static load test with more than 90 % degree of accuracy.
Risk management during construction of a new road tunnel crossing under a 150 year old railway tunnel
Authors: DAUWE Ludger , FRÖHLICH Bernhard , WEIDINGER Andreas
Published: June 2018

In Schaffhausen, Switzerland, a new road tunnel (Galgenbuck tunnel) has been built crossing under a 150 year old railway tunnel of the German railways. The distance between the roof of the road tunnel and the floor of the railway tunnel is only 6 m. The intense rail traffic was not to be disturbed and the railway tunnel should not suffer any damage. Both tunnels lie in jurassic limestone rock with karst. To deal with the risk of cavities, clay pockets or other karst phenomena, that are difficult to locate in advance, the road tunnel design was done very carefully. Different measurements were taken to control risks: measurement of all blast shocks, geodetic monitoring of the tracks, geotechnical measurements like distometers, horizontal inclinometers, extensometers. Risk management procedures were implemented, and – following them ‐ the tunnel has been built without interrupting the rail traffic. Good cooperation between the client, the railway company, the tunnel specialists and the people on the site was essential.
Modern risk management applied to a large infrastructure site
Authors: DEPORTA Christoph , WONDRE Joachim , ZÖHRER Alexander
Published: June 2018

During the execution phase one of the most important parts of risk management is to check if the executed work conforms to the design. Especially for large projects this may take a significant amount of time and effort – and thus costs. This paper presents a solution which was applied to monitor the special foundation works at the section St. Kanzian of the new “Koralm” railway line in Austria. At this site two shallow tunnels are to be constructed. Deep bored piles walls are placed and Jet grouting is used to construct the tunnel crown or a strutting and sealing slab. The complex layout and the large number of elements forced the executing company to develop a new semi‐automated quality control system. The core element of the system was a local SQL data base where all data from the production was collected. Various reports and protocols were generated automatically and even a 3‐dim as‐built model showing deviations between design and execution was derived according to the principles of a building information modelling (BIM) system.
Brownfields utilization and assessment of foundation construction
Authors: KOŠŤÁL Jiri , ČERNOCH Petr
Published: June 2018

Currently, brownfields are frequently used for the construction of industrial units. The designed hall has very strict limits determined for the deformation of the foundation slab. Since heterogeneous unconsolidated landfill is found in the area, implementation of the foundation slab using classic technologies will be very complicated. We have done controlling engineering – a geological investigation, including sampling and subsequent laboratory analysis. The analyses in particular have validated the possibility of landfill compaction. We have determined four variants (eventualities) of a feasible hall slab foundation. Individual eventualities have been reviewed by numerical modelling using the finite element method. We have discussed the possibilities of landfill adjustment, deep hall foundations with or without a soil plate. Each of the designed variants has its positive and negative aspects and was thoroughly considered. The most advantageous solution has become deep foundations using vibrate steel piles with gravel filling and a soil plate on the partially extracted landfill.
Causes and trigger of landslide that occurred on B55 viaduct, motorway Prishtina – Hani i Elezit
Authors: MILANOVSKI Mome , KARAJOVANOVSKI Aleksandar , JANEVSKI Bojan
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Rütteldruckverdichtung zur Verringerung der Wasserdurchlässigkeit sowie zur Erhöhung der Suffosionsstabilität
Authors: BERGER Markus , LEIBNIZ Otto , MARTE Roman
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Geotechnical risks of foundation of warehouses built on brownfields
Authors: ČERNOCH Petr , KOŠŤÁL Jiří
Published: June 2018

The warehouse halls were founded on backfill sediment, which were 4 to 6 meters thick. Beneath them were the loess and saturated Cretaceous sands. During heavy rains, there were two large landslides that hit the local road. It was therefore necessary to carry out a rapid design of remedial steps (stabilization) without the time to carry out drilling exploration survey. During fieldwork (mapping, geodetic measuring of landslides and sampling of soil) it was found that most of the warehouse halls did not have solved the drainage of rainwater from roofs and roads and there occurred long cracks in the floors of the halls. Laboratory soil tests served as inputs for stability calculations. Reverse analysis (landslide condition) derived residual geotechnical parameters of the soil. The proposal for redevelopment consisted of changing the slope geometry, building a loading bench and brand new drainage of surface water along the slope (it was missing on the top). It was also recommended to replace the subsoil – saturated loess – under the floors of the warehouse halls.
Geosynthetic tubes for pit lake bank stabilization
Authors: EBBERT Simon , WILKE Markus , CARBONE Laura
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Soil stabilization with modern hydraulic binders. Variations of geotechnical parameters
Authors: NAGY A.‐C. , CÎRCU A.P. , ILIEŞ N.M. , MOLDOVAN D.V. , GHERMAN C.M. , PÉTER A.
Published: June 2018

The primary objective in soil stabilization is improving on‐site materials to create a solid and strong sub‐base and base courses for further construction activities. Classic stabilization methods for road structures imply soil mixing with cement or lime, depending on the soil types found on‐site. Although widely used, these stabilization methods fail to provide hydrophobic properties for the stabilized layer, thus being vulnerable to road failure from water penetration or heavy frosts by inhibiting the ingress of water into the treated layer. Dorosol© is a hydraulic binder which combines cement and lime in order to improve and consolidate cohesive soils for embankments and subgrade stabilization, providing a superior protection against water penetration. This paper presents the improvement of physical and mechanical parameters of a silty clay from Cluj‐Napoca, by using two types of Dorosol©, C30 and C50 suited for treating heavy plastic clayey soils. Percentages of 2.5, 3, 3.5, 4 and 4.5 were used for creating stabilized soil samples for both types of binder.
New concepts in geosynthetic – Reinforced soil (Slopes basic concepts)
Authors: ZEQO Aurela
Published: June 2018

This article is not available for publication.
Creep behaviour of a layered soft rock around the tunnel opening
Authors: ŽIVALJEVIĆ Slobodan , TOMANOVIĆ Zvonko , MILADINOVIĆ Borko
Published: June 2018

Bedding, being a typical feature of sedimentary rocks, is a cause of inherent anisotropy of deformation properties of rock mass. Deformation response, both short‐term and time‐dependent, of certain rock elements near the tunnel opening will depend on the loading/unloading orientation angle to the natural bedding plane. This paper presents results of the triaxial creep tests performed on two cylindrical specimens of marl cut perpendicular and parallel to the natural bedding plane. Equipment and test procedure are also specified.
Insulin Hexamer‐Caged Gadolinium Ion as MRI Contrast‐o‐phore
Authors: Taylor Steven K. , Tran Timothy H. , Liu Michael Z. , Harris Paul E. , Sun Yanping , Jambawalikar Sachin R. , Tong Liang , Stojanovic Milan N.
Published: June 2018

High‐relaxivity protein‐complexes of GdIII are being pursued as MRI contrast agents in hope that they can be used at much lower doses that would minimize toxic‐side effects of GdIII release from traditional contrast agents. We construct here a new type of protein‐based MRI contrast agent, a proteinaceous cage based on a stable insulin hexamer in which GdIII is captured inside a water filled cavity. The macromolecular structure and the large number of “free” GdIII coordination sites available for water binding lead to exceptionally high relaxivities per one GdIII ion. The GdIII slowly diffuses out of this cage, but this diffusion can be prevented by addition of ligands that bind to the hexamer. The ligands that trigger structural changes in the hexamer, SCN−, Cl− and phenols, modulate relaxivities through an outside‐in signaling that is allosterically transduced through the protein cage. Contrast‐o‐phores based on protein‐caged metal ions have potential to become clinical contrast agents with environmentally‐sensitive properties.
Improvement of the Photophysical Performance of Platinum‐Cyclometalated Complexes in Halogen‐Bonded Adducts
Authors: Sivchik Vasily , Sarker Rajib Kumar , Liu Zong‐Ying , Chung Kun‐You , Grachova Elena V. , Karttunen Antti J. , Chou Pi‐Tai , Koshevoy Igor O.
Published: June 2018

Three groups of luminescent platinum complexes [Pt(C^N)(L)(Y)] [C^N=benzothienyl‐pyridine (1), bezofuryl‐pyridine (2), phenyl‐pyridine (3); L/Y=DMSO/Cl (a), PPh3/Cl (b), PPh3/CN (c)] have been probed as halogen‐bond (XB) acceptors towards iodofluorobenzenes (IC6F5and I2C6F4). Compounds1 aand2 a(L/Y=DMSO/Cl) afford the adducts1 a⋅⋅⋅I2C6F4and2 a⋅⋅⋅I2C6F4, which feature I⋅⋅⋅Sbtpy/I⋅⋅⋅πbtpyand I⋅⋅⋅ODMSO/I⋅⋅⋅Cl short contacts, respectively. The phosphane‐cyanide derivatives1 cand2 c(L/Y=PPh3/CN) co‐crystallise with both IC6F5and I2C6F4. None of the phpy‐based species3 a–3 cparticipated in XB interactions. Although the native complexes are rather poor luminophores in the solid state (Φem=0.023–0.089), the adducts exhibit an up to 10‐fold increase of the intensity with a minor alteration of the emission energy. The observed gain in the quantum efficiency is mainly attributed to the joint influence of non‐covalent interactions (halogen/hydrogen bonding, π–π stacking), which govern the crystal‐packing mode and diminish the radiationless pathways for the T1→S0transition by providing a rigid environment around the chromophore.
β‐Cyclodextrin Covalent Organic Framework for Selective Molecular Adsorption
Authors: Wang Ren‐Qi , Wei Xue‐Bing , Feng Yu‐Qi
Published: June 2018

Covalent organic frameworks (COF) are complex functional systems constructed with atomic precision by linking well‐defined building blocks through robust covalent bonds. β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) is a most employed supramolecule which bears a hydrophobic cavity guiding molecular specific recognitions. Building COF with asymmetric β‐CD linkers is challenging and has never been reported. Here, β‐CD COF is grown with heptakis(6‐amino‐6‐deoxy)‐β‐CD and terephthalaldehyde in green solvents of water and ethanol at room temperature. The COF is characterized by powder X‐ray diffraction, which matches well with the simulated crystal structure. Weaving β‐CD into a framework through reticular chemistry allows the integration of a large amount of β‐CD units (50 mol %), much higher than β‐CD polymers. The β‐CD COF has larger surface area, more uniform pore size, and higher thermal stability than the non‐crystalline β‐CD polymer produced by the same reagents. Finally, the β‐CD COF holds abundant specific interaction sites enabling selective molecular adsorption.
C2‐symmetric sulfonamides as homogeneous and heterogeneous organocatalysts that mimic enzymes in enantioselective Michael additions
Authors: Cruz Harold , Servín Felipe A. , Madrigal Domingo , Chávez Daniel , Perez‐Sicairos Sergio , Aguirre Gerardo , Cooksy Andrew L. , Somanathan Ratnasamy
Published: June 2018

Herein, we report the synthesis of C2‐symmetric sulfonamides as homogeneous and heterogeneous organocatalysts and their application in the enantioselective conjugate 1,4‐Michael addition of carbonylic nucleophiles to β‐nitrostyrene. Organocatalysts hydrogen bond to β‐nitrostyrene and enamine in the transition state, mimicking an enzyme leading to final products in high yields (up to 98%) and good enantioselectivities (up to 96%). In addition, these results were supported by density functional calculations.
Internal Redox Polarity of an Individual G. sulfurreducens Bacterial Cell Attached to an Inorganic Substrate
Authors: Lebedev Nikolai , Yates Matthew D. , Griva Igor , Tender Leonard M.
Published: June 2018

Bacterial cell polarity is an internal asymmetric distribution of subcellular components, including proteins, lipids, and other molecules that correlates with the cell ability to sense energy and metabolite sources, chemical signals, quorum signals, toxins, and movement in the desired directions. This ability also plays central role in cell attachment to various surfaces and biofilm formation. Mechanisms and factors controlling formation of this cell internal asymmetry are not completely understood. As a step in this direction, in the present work, we develop an approach for analyzing how information about inorganic substrate can be non‐genetically coded inside an individual bacterial cell. As a model system, we use G. sulfurreducens cells attached to an inorganic mineral, mica. The approach utilizes confocal Raman microscopy, Gaussian deconvolution, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and allows for quick label‐free identification of the molecular signature of cytochrome intracellular location and the cell to substrate binding down to the level of individual bacterial cells. Our results describe a spectroscopic signature of cell adhesion and how the information about cell adhesion can be coded inside individual bacterial cells.
Excited State Interaction of Ruthenium (II) Imidazole Phenanthroline Complex [Ru(bpy)2ipH]2+ with 1,4‐Benzoquinone: Simple Electron Transfer or Proton‐Coupled Electron Transfer?
Authors: Khade Rahul V. , Dutta Choudhury Sharmistha , Pal Haridas , Kumbhar Avinash S.
Published: June 2018

The unidirectional proton coupled electron transfer (PCET) from the excited state of Ru(II) imidazole phenanthroline complex [Ru(bpy)2ipH]2+ to 1,4‐benzoquinone, was studied by steady‐state (SS) and time‐resolved (TR) fluorescence and transient absorption (TA) measurements. The pKa (9.7) and pKa* (8.6) values of the complex suggest that it behaves as a photoacid on excitation. The difference in the quenching rates obtained from SS and TR fluorescence studies indicate participation of both dynamic quenching and static quenching involving the hydrogen bonded ipH ligand of [Ru(bpy)2ipH]2+ with the 1,4‐benzoquinone quencher, formed in the ground state. Within the hydrogen bonded complex, the ruthenium centre acts as the electron donor, while the ipH ligand acts as the proton donor to the hydrogen bonded 1,4‐benzoquinone that acts simultaneously both as the electron and proton acceptor. It is proposed that the static quenching in the hydrogen bonded [Ru(bpy)2ipH]2+‐1,4‐benzoquinone pairs occurs involving the PCET mechanism, while the dynamic quenching occurs through the simple ET mechanism, on diffusional encounter of the isolated 1,4‐benzoquinone with the excited [Ru(bpy)2ipH]2+ complex. The occurrence of broad TA bands around 420–430 nm suggests formation of both 1,4‐benzoquinone radical anion as well as the 1,4‐benzosemiquinone radical by the interaction of excited [Ru(bpy)2ipH]2+ with 1,4‐benzoquinone, thus supporting the ET process in the studied system.
Does experiential avoidance explain the relationships between shame, PTSD symptoms, and compulsive sexual behaviour among women in substance use treatment?
Authors: Brem Meagan J. , Shorey Ryan C. , Anderson Scott , Stuart Gregory L.
Published: June 2018

Objective

Untreated compulsive sexual behaviour (CSB) poses a risk to efficacious substance use disorder (SUD) treatment. Yet the ways in which CSB manifests in women with SUDs remains poorly understood. Shame and trauma exposure are well‐documented correlates for women's CSB. Prior theory suggested women with shame and trauma‐related symptoms may engage in CSB in an effort to escape aversive internal experiences. Thus, the present study examined experiential avoidance as a mediator of the relationship between defectiveness/shame beliefs, post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms, and CSB in a sample of women with SUDs.

Method

Cross‐sectional, self‐report data were collected from 446 women (M age = 37.40) in residential treatment for SUDs.

Results

Experiential avoidance partially mediated the relationship between both post‐traumatic stress disorder symptoms and defectiveness/shame beliefs and CSB.

Conclusions

These results extend theoretical conceptualizations of women's CSB to a treatment population. CSB intervention efforts may benefit from targeting women's avoidance of painful experiences.
Lowering LDL‐Cholesterol and CV Benefits: Is There a Limit to How Low LDL‐C Needs to be for Optimal Health Benefits?
Authors: Vani Anish , Underberg James A.
Published: June 2018

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the number one cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) has been implicated as one of the major risk factors causing ASCVD based on multiple hierarchical levels of evidence. The advent of powerful LDL‐C lowering therapies, such as the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor, have raised the question of how low to target LDL‐C and whether there are any adverse safety events associated with a very low LDL‐C level. The present review summarizes the available evidence and concludes that even a very low LDL‐C is associated with cardiovascular benefit, although the magnitude of benefit depends on baseline ASCVD risk and the absolute change in LDL‐C with pharmacologic therapy. The safety data in patients treated for very low LDL‐C is reassuring, although it is inconsistent and requires longer term follow‐up.
Liquid‐Liquid Slug‐Flow‐Accelerated [2+2] Photocycloaddition of Cinnamates
Authors: Telmesani Reem , White Jada A. H. , Beeler Aaron B.
Published: June 2018

[2+2] photocycloaddition of cinnamates, using a previously described cone reactor and a bis‐thiourea catalyst, is greatly accelerated by employing liquid–liquid slug flow. In most cases, a four‐fold acceleration in reaction time was observed with equivalent or superior yields. This approach has enabled significant improvement in the reaction throughput and expansion of the substrate scope to include challenging substrates. It has also enabled, to our knowledge, the first reported direct photodimerization in solution of electron‐rich cinnamamide substrates.
Dust ion‐acoustic solitons with trapped q‐non‐extensive electrons, dissipative processes, and streaming ions
Authors: Ali Shan S. , Mushtaq A. , Mustafa Naeem , Aman‐ur‐Rehman
Published: June 2018

The characteristics of dust ion‐acoustic waves (DIAWs) that are excited because of streaming ions and hot q‐non‐extensive electrons obeying a vortex‐like distribution are investigated. By exploiting a pseudo‐potential technique, we have derived an energy integral equation. The presence of non‐extensive q‐distributed hot trapped electrons and a streaming ion beam has been shown to influence soliton structure quite significantly. The evolution of the soliton‐like perturbations in complex plasmas, taking into account the dissipation processes, are also investigated, obtained by numerically solving the modified Schamel, equation whose widths are dependant on electron trapping efficiency β. Our illustrations indicate that compressive DIAWs develop in this plasma. As the plasmas in reality have a relative flow, such an analysis can be used to understand the DIA solitary structures observed in the mesospheric noctilucent clouds.