bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of binate hop cascaded satellite terrene link with correlated LOS constituents
Authors: Hazra Soumita , M.K. Arti
Published: October 2020

In this study, a binate hop cooperative satellite–terrene link with correlated line‐of‐sight (LOS) components has been considered. The satellite–terrene link is assumed to follow shadowed‐Rician fading. Specifically, higher‐order moments of the considered system have been derived. Using the expression of higher‐order moments, the expressions of the amount of fading and channel quality estimation index of the considered cooperative complex have been obtained. The symbol error rate of the considered cooperative satellite–terrene link for M‐ary phase‐shift keying constellation has been derived and the denouement of signal‐to‐noise ratio and inclination angle has been scrutinised as well. Moreover, outage probability and average channel capacity of the considered system have been derived with the help of the Meijer‐G approach. It has been manifested by simulation and analysis that the performance of the considered system enhances with the inflation in the aggregate of antennas and inclination angle.
Congestion‐aware adaptive decentralised computation offloading and caching for multi‐access edge computing networks
Authors: Tefera Getenet , She Kun , Chen Min , Ahmed Awais
Published: October 2020

Multi‐access edge computing (MEC) has attracted much more attention to revolutionising smart communication technologies and Internet of Everything. Nowadays, smart end‐user devices are designed to execute sophisticated applications that demand more resources and explosively connected to the global ecosystem. As a result, the backhaul network traffic congestion grows enormously and user quality of experience is compromised as well. To address these challenges, the authors proposed congestion‐aware adaptive decentralised computing, caching, and communication framework which can orchestrate the dynamic network environment based on deep reinforcement learning for MEC networks. MEC is a paradigm shift that transforms cloud services and capabilities platform at the edge of ubiquitous radio access networks in close proximity to mobile subscribers. The framework can evolve to perform augmented decision‐making capabilities for the upcoming network generation. Hence, the problem is formulated using non‐cooperative game theory which is nondeterministic polynomial (NP)hard to solve and the authors show that the game admits a Nash equilibrium. In addition, they have constructed a decentralised adaptive scheduling algorithm to leverage the utility of each smart end‐user device. Therefore, their methodical observations using theoretical analysis and simulation results substantiate that the proposed algorithm can achieve ultra‐low latency, enhanced storage capability, low energy consumption, and scalable than the baseline scheme.
Wyner wiretap‐like encoding scheme for cyber‐physical systems
Authors: Lucia Walter , Youssef Amr
Published: October 2020

In this study, the authors consider the problem of exchanging secrete messages in cyber‐physical systems (CPSs) without resorting to cryptographic solutions. In particular, they consider a CPS where the networked controller wants to send a secrete message to the plant. They show that such a problem can be solved by exploiting a Wyner wiretap‐like encoding scheme taking advantage of the closed‐loop operations typical of feedback control systems. Specifically, by resorting to the control concept of one‐step reachable sets, they first show that a wiretap‐like encoding scheme exists whenever there is an asymmetry in the plant model knowledge available to control system (the defender) and to the eavesdropper. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is confirmed by means of a numerical example. Finally, they conclude the study by presenting open design challenges that can be addressed by the research community to improve, in different directions, the secrete message exchange problem in CPSs.
Dense optical flow based background subtraction technique for object segmentation in moving camera environment
Authors: Kushwaha Arati , Khare Ashish , Prakash Om , Khare Manish
Published: October 2020

Segmentation of moving object in video with moving background is a challenging problem and it becomes more difficult with varying illumination. The authors propose a dense optical flow‐based background subtraction technique for object segmentation. The proposed technique is fast and reliable for segmentation of moving objects in realistic unconstrained videos. In the proposed work, they stabilise the camera motion by computing homography matrix, then they perform statistical background modelling using single Gaussian background modelling approach. Moving pixels are identified using dense optical flow in the background modelled scenario. The dense optical flow provides motion information of each pixel between consecutive frames, therefore for moving pixel identification they compute motion flow vector of each pixel between consecutive frames. To distinguish between foreground and background pixels, they labelled each pixel and thresholding the magnitude of motion flow vector identifies the moving pixels. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm has been evaluated both qualitatively and quantitatively. The proposed algorithm has been evaluated on several realistic videos of different complex conditions. To assess the performance of the proposed work, the authors compared their algorithm with other state‐of‐art methods and found that the proposed method outperforms the other methods.
Design and fabrication methodology for industrial broadband high power amplifiers
Authors: Alekajbaf Yasin , Masoumi Nasser , Safavi‐Naeini Safieddin
Published: October 2020

This study presents a design and fabrication methodology for industrial broadband high power amplifiers (HPAs). The proposed method considers design constraints for broadband HPAs and parasitic effects arising from the fabrication process. This method is based on power combining networks (PCNs) whose characteristics such as power handling constraints, insertion loss, and bandwidth depend on the employed structure. Another important set of challenges is the technical faults and parasitics that occur during the fabrication process such as inequalities among different paths of PCNs, active and passive inherent mismatches, and many uncertainties in the fabrication and integration of a complicated large system. As such, the authors introduce a model for estimating the effects of path inequalities using a Gaussian function. For validation of the proposed methodology, a 2–6 GHz, 50 dBm output power broadband HPA system, which satisfies IEC‐61000‐4‐3 RF radiant immunity measurement, was designed and fabricated. Furthermore, the measurement results exhibit the power‐added efficiency of 10–28% and 48–51 dBm output power in the frequency bandwidth 2–6 GHz, which verify the capability of the proposed method for reliable estimation of the fabrication parasitics.
Tri‐band radar cross‐section reduction based on optimised multi‐element phase cancellation
Authors: Su Jianxun , Yu Hang , Yu Jiayong , Guo Qingxin , Li Zengrui
Published: October 2020

This study presents a planar single‐layer metasurface, with tri‐band 10 dB radar cross‐section (RCS) reduction under normal incidence for both polarisations, by employing optimised multi‐element phase cancellation. The designed artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) unit cell is composed of an upper metal structure, a dielectric layer, and a bottom metal ground. When the dielectric constant and thickness of the substrate are fixed, regardless of any upper structure, the reflection coefficients of AMC are the same as the perfect electric conductor (PEC) at the short‐circuit frequencies. Taking into account the multiple reduction bands that avoid short‐circuit frequencies, a RCS reduction surface with a large frequency ratio is achieved. The optimised planar metasurface obtains 10 dB RCS reduction in the tri‐band frequency (3.81–7.33, 19.16–22.83, and 35.63–38.37 GHz) with bandwidths of 63, 17, and 7.4%, respectively. Moreover, the bistatic scattering patterns between the proposed surface and the equal‐sized PEC are investigated. The theoretically predicted, simulated, and measured results are in good agreement and provide a new strategy for achieving multi‐band RCS reduction.
Electromagnetic model of a nanodipole array above a double‐layer graphene by periodic green's function
Authors: Cruz André , Costa Karlo , Dmitriev Victor , Souza Nadson , Zaman Quaid , Del Rosso Tommaso
Published: October 2020

In this study, the authors present an electromagnetic model of a nanodipole array above a double‐layer Graphene (DLG) operating at Terahertz. The graphene layers deposited between the dielectric mediums are modelled as surface impedances with conductivities described by the Kubo model. The electromagnetic fields are defined by the spectral representation of the periodic Green's function with impedance condition between the mediums. The main objective of this work is to propose an equivalent and analytical electromagnetic model of a nanodipole array above a DLG, which can be used to describe a surface plasmon resonance sensor that operates at the terahertz frequency. As a way of validating the method, the authors compared the proposed model with a software based on the finite element method. In addition, still, as a form of validation, the authors verified the convergence of the method from the spectral analysis of the proposed Green's Function. As results, spatial and spectral parametric analyses are shown as a function of the concentration of nanodipoles in the array, and the chemical potential applied to the graphene layers. In these results, the authors verify the appearance of plasmonic, optical and acoustic modes, and their contributions in the total field.
Substrate integrated waveguide dispersive delay structure based on wave trapping
Authors: Nazemi‐Rafi Hossein , Movahhedi Masoud
Published: October 2020

A dispersive delay structure (DDS) is a device that creates a specified group delay function over frequency bandwidth. In this study, the idea of trapping the electromagnetic waves in a feedback loop is proposed to achieve higher group delay swing. The proposed structure includes two transmission lines and two junctions that act as power divider/combiner. The transmission lines can be either dispersive or non‐dispersive. The group delay in the proposed configuration is proportional to the injected power into the feedback loop. So, an increase in the group delay swing can be done by improving the junctions or by adding more feedback loops to the structure. Based on this configuration, a novel DDS, using the substrate integrated waveguide transmission line, is introduced. According to the experimental results, the proposed device with a relatively compact size creates high group delay swings (9 ns), and its insertion loss is about 7 dB.
Fast ship detection combining visual saliency and a cascade CNN in SAR images
Authors: Xu Cheng , Yin Chanjuan , Wang Dongzhen , Han Wei
Published: October 2020

In order to realise the fast detection of ships in synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images, a detection method combining visual saliency and a cascade convolutional neural network (CNN) is proposed. First, based on visual saliency, a multiscale spectral residual model is designed for realising the fast detection of ship candidate regions. Then, a cascaded CNN is designed, which consists of two convolution networks, namely, the front‐end shallow CNN, which is used to quickly exclude obvious non‐ship candidates and classify the ship candidates according to the ship orientation, and the back‐end deep CNN, which is used to detect high‐probability candidate regions with rotatable boundary boxes. The whole structure can realise the fast detection and precise positioning of ships with an arbitrary orientation. Finally, the authors conduct detailed experiments on the SAR ship image dataset. The experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively improve the detection accuracy of ships, ensuring the detection efficiency in SAR images.
Assessment of Preoperative Endometrial Histopathological Sampling as a Predictor of Final Surgical Pathology in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Piotto Mario Augusto Silveira Bueno , Focchi Gustavo Rubino de Azevedo , Marques Renato Moretti , Teixeira Andressa Melina Severino , Gonçalves Wagner José , Nicolau Sergio Mancini
Published: October 2020

Objective To evaluate the agreement between the histopathological diagnoses of preoperative endometrial samples and surgical specimens and correlate the agreement between the diagnoses with the impact on surgical management and the survival of patients with endometrial adenocarcinomas.

Methods Sixty-two patients treated for endometrial cancer at a university hospital from 2002 to 2011 were retrospectively evaluated. The histopathological findings of preoperative endometrial samples and of surgical specimens were analyzed. The patients were subjected to hysterectomy as well as adjuvant treatment, if necessary, and clinical follow-up, according to the institutional protocol. Lesions were classified as endometrioid tumor (type 1) grades 1, 2, or 3 or non-endometrioid carcinoma (type 2).

Results The agreement between the histopathological diagnoses based on preoperative endometrial samples and surgical specimens was fair (Kappa: 0.40; p < 0.001). However, the agreement was very significant for tumor type and grade, in which a higher concordance occurred at a higher grade. The percentage of patients with lymph nodes affected was 19.2%. Although most patients presenting with disease remission or cure were in the early stages (90.5%), there were no significant differences between those patients who had a misdiagnosis (11/16; 68.8%) and those who had a correct diagnosis (25/33; 75.8%) based on preoperative endometrial sampling (p = 0.605).

Conclusion Our findings corroborate the literature and confirm the under staging of preoperative endometrial samples based on histopathological assessment, especially for lower grade endometrial tumors. We suggest that the preoperative diagnosis should be complemented with other methods to better plan the surgical management strategy.
Clinical Procedures for the Prevention of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women: A Systematic Review
Authors: Moura Nádya Santos , Gomes Maria Luziene Sousa , Rodrigues Ivana Rios , Rolnik Daniel Lorber , Costa Fabrício Silva , Oriá Mônica Oliveira Batista
Published: October 2020

Objective To identify the most effective procedures recommended for the prevention of preeclampsia.

Data Sources A systematic review was performed in the following databases: Pubmed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Web of Science, Cochrane and LILACS via the Virtual Health Library (VHL). A manual search was also performed to find additional references. The risk of bias, the quality of the evidence, and the classification of the strength of the recommendations were evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) approach.

Selection of Studies In the initial search in the databases, the total number of articles retrieved was 351, and 2 were retrieved through the manual search; after duplicate articles were removed, 333 citations remained. After a thorough review of the titles and abstracts, 315 references were excluded. Accordingly, 18 articles were maintained for selection of the complete text (phase 2). This process led to the exclusion of 6 studies. In total, 12 articles were selected for data extraction and qualitative synthesis.

Data Collection The articles selected for the study were analyzed, and we inserted the synthesis of the evidence in the online software GRADEpro Guideline Development Tool (GDT) (McMaster University and Evidence Prime Inc. All right reserved. McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontário, Canada); thus, it was possible to develop a table of evidence, with the quality of the evidence and the classification of the strength of the recommendations.

Data Synthesis In total, seven studies recommended the individual use of aspirin, or aspirin combined with calcium, heparin or dipyridamole. The use of calcium alone or in combination with phytonutrients was also highlighted. All of the studies were with women at a high risk of developing preeclampsia.

Conclusion According to the studies evaluated, the administration of aspirin is still the best procedure to be used in the clinical practice to prevent preeclampsia.
Wernicke Encephalopathy as a Complication of Hyperemesis Gravidarum: Case Report
Authors: Damaso Ênio Luis , Reis Estella Thaisa Sontag dos , Jesus Felipe Alves de , Marcolin Alessandra Cristina , Cavalli Ricardo de Carvalho , Moisés Elaine Christine Dantas
Published: October 2020

Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is an acute neurological disorder resulting from vitamin B1 deficiency, which is common in chronic alcoholism. We report a rare case of WE due to hyperemesis gravidarum in a 25-year-old pregnant patient at 13 weeks and 5 days of gestation. Initially, the disease manifested as weakness, mental confusion, anterograde amnesia, and visual and auditory hallucinations. The diagnosis was established after the detection of suggestive findings of WE in the thalamus by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a rapid improvement in the patient's clinical status subsequent to treatment with thiamine. Hyperemesis is a rare cause of WE, which makes the reported case important in the literature and reinforces the need for attention in clinical practice to rare but important complications of this common condition (hyperemesis gravidarum).
Laboratorial Aspects of Cytolytic Vaginosis and Vulvovaginal Candidiasis as a Key for Accurate Diagnosis: A Pilot Study
Authors: Sanches José Marcos , Giraldo Paulo César , Bardin Marcela Grigol , Amaral Rose , Discacciati Michelle Garcia , Rossato Luana
Published: October 2020

Objective To identify clinical, microscopic, and biochemical characteristics that differentiate cytolytic vaginosis (CV) from vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC).

Methods The present cross-sectional study analyzed the vaginal contents of 24 non-pregnant women aged 18 to 42 years who were attended at the Genital Infections Clinic at Centro de Atenção Integral à Saúde da Mulher da Universidade Estadual de Campinas (CAISM-UNICAMP). They were diagnosed either with (CV = 8, VVC = 8) or without vulvovaginitis or vaginal dysbiosis (controls). The socio-demographic, clinical, and gynecological data were obtained from a detailed patient interview. Samples of the vaginal contents were collected for analysis of vaginal pH, gram stain, and specific fungal culture. The Kruskal-Wallis and Fisher exact tests were used to compare the differences between the groups. Odds ratios were used to compare the categorical variables. The significance level was considered at p < 0.05.

Results Both women with CV and VVC had a lumpy vaginal discharge (p = 0,002) and vaginal hyperemia (p = 0.001), compared with controls. The inflammatory process was more intense in the VVC group (p = 0.001). In the CV group, there was statistical significance for the lactobacillus amount (p = 0.006), vaginal epithelium lysis (p = 0.001), and vaginal pH (p = 0.0002).

Conclusion Cytolytic vaginosis and VVC diagnoses rarely differ on clinical characteristics but have different laboratorial findings. The present study highlights the importance of conducting an accurate investigation through laboratory tests rather than clinical criteria to avoid misdiagnosis.
The Relationship between Serum Ischemia-Modified Albumin Levels and Uterine Artery Doppler Parameters in Patients with Primary Dysmenorrhea
Authors: Sen Ertugrul , Ozdemir Ozhan , Ozdemir Seyda , Atalay Cemal Resat
Published: October 2020

Objective Primary dysmenorrhea occurs due to abnormal levels of prostanoids, uterine contractions, and uterine blood flow. However, the reasons for pain in primary dysmenorrhea have not yet been clarified. We examined the blood flow alterations in patients with primary dysmenorrhea and determined the relationship between ischemia-modified albumin (IMA) levels, as an ischemia indicator, and primary dysmenorrhea.

Methods In the present study, 37 patients who had primary dysmenorrhea and were in their luteal and menstrual phase of their menstrual cycles were included. Thirty individuals who had similar demographic characteristics, who were between 18 and 30 years old and did not have gynecologic disease were included as control individuals. Their uterine artery Doppler indices and serum IMA levels were measured.

Results Menstrual phase plasma IMA levels were significantly higher than luteal phase IMA levels, both in the patient and in the control groups (p < 0.001). Although the menstrual phase IMA levels of patients were significantly higher than those of controls, luteal phase IMA levels were not significantly different between the two groups. Menstrual uterine artery pulsatility index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of primary dysmenorrhea patients were significantly different when compared with luteal uterine artery PI and RI levels. There was a positive correlation between menstrual phase IMA and uterine artery PI and RI in the primary dysmenorrhea.

Conclusion Ischemia plays an important role in the etiology of the pain, which is frequently observed in patients with primary dysmenorrhea. Ischemia-modified albumin levels are considered as an efficient marker to determine the severity of pain and to indicate ischemia in primary dysmenorrhea.
The Utility of Virtual Reality Simulation in Cataract Surgery Training: A Systematic Review
Authors: Winebrake James P. , McMahon Jeffrey F. , Sun Grace
Published: October 2020

Introduction Cataract surgery is a fundamental intraocular procedure with a steep learning curve. Virtual reality simulation offers opportunity to streamline this aspect of ophthalmic education by exposing trainees to operative techniques in a controlled setting.

Materials and Methods A systematic review of the PubMed database was conducted through December 2019 for English language studies reporting on use of virtual reality simulation in cataract surgery training to assess usefulness. Studies meeting inclusion criteria were examined for pertinent data: study design, number of subjects and live cases, simulator model, training regimen, surgical skills assessed, and overall outcomes.

Results Of the 41 analyzed studies, 15 investigated the impact of virtual reality simulation-based training on performance in live surgery or wet laboratories; 20 used simulation as a device for direct assessment of operative proficiency; 6 explored simulation-based training's effect on performance in simulated surgery. Thirty-seven studies employed an iteration of the Eyesi simulator, though methodologies varied widely with a few randomized trials available. The literature endorsed validity of simulator-based assessment and benefits of structured training on live complication rates, operative times, and self- and faculty-perceived competency, particularly in novice surgeons.

Discussion The literature surrounding simulation in cataract surgery training is characterized by significant heterogeneity in design. However, most works describe advantages that may outweigh the costs of implementation into training curricula. Collaborative efforts at establishing a structured, proficiency-based cataract surgery curriculum built around virtual reality and wet laboratory simulation have the potential to improve outcomes and enhance future surgical training.
Utilizing Electronic Medical Records to Standardize Handoffs in Academic Ophthalmology
Authors: Sun Lynn W. , Stahulak Andrea L. , Costakos Deborah M.
Published: October 2020

Purpose Formalized handoff procedures have been shown to increase patient safety and quality of care across multiple medical and surgical specialties,1–4 but literature regarding handoffs in ophthalmology remains sparse. We instituted a standardized handoff utilizing an electronic medical record (EMR) system to improve care for patients shared by multiple resident physicians across weekday, weeknight, and weekend duty shifts. We measured efficiency, efficacy, and resident satisfaction before and after the standardized handoff was implemented.

Methods Resident physicians surveyed were primarily responsible for patient care on consult and call services at two quaternary academic medical centers in a major metropolitan area. Patient care was performed in outpatient, emergency, and inpatient settings. Annual anonymous questionnaires consisting of 6 questions were used to collect pre- and postintervention impressions of the standardized EMR handoff process from ophthalmology resident physicians (9 per year; 3 preintervention years and 1 postintervention year). An additional anonymous postintervention questionnaire consisting of 12 questions was used to further characterize resident response to the newly implemented handoff procedure.

Results Prior to implementation of a standardized EMR-based handoff procedure, residents unanimously reported incomplete, infrequently updated handoff reports that did not include important clinical and/or psychosocial information. Following implementation, residents reported a statistically significant increase in completeness and timeliness of handoff reports. Additionally, resident perception of EMR handoff utility, efficiency, and usability were comprehensively favorable. Residents reported handoffs only added a mean of 6.5 minutes to a typical duty shift.

Conclusion Implementation of our protocol dramatically improved resident perceptions of the handoff process at our institution. Improvements included increased quality, ease-of-use, and efficiency. Our standardized EMR-based handoff procedure may be of use to other ambulatory-based services.
Identification and Outcomes of Hospitalized Medically Ill Patients Who Are Candidates for Extended Duration Thromboprophylaxis
Authors: Coleman Craig I. , Piazza Gregory , Ashton Veronica , Bunz Thomas J. , Spyropoulos Alex C.
Published: October 2020

Background Extended duration thromboprophylaxis (ET) for approximately 30 days can effectively and safely reduce venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in appropriately selected medically ill patients. We sought to estimate the proportion of hospitalized medically ill patients potentially qualifying for ET and assess their post-discharge clinical and economic outcomes using a large claims database.

Methods Using MarketScan claims from January 2012 to September 2018, we identified medically ill patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of heart failure, respiratory insufficiency, ischemic stroke, infection, or inflammatory disease and ≥1-additional risk factor for VTE. Patients < 40 years old, a length-of-stay < 3 or >30 days, receiving oral anticoagulation prior to index hospitalization or having an indication for full-dose anticoagulation were excluded, as were patients deemed high-risk for bleeding due to active, in-hospital treated cancer, gastroduodenal ulcer or bleeding within the prior 3 months, bronchiectasis, pulmonary cavitation or hemorrhage, or dual antiplatelet therapy use.

Results We identified 2,782,988 patients ≥40 years of age and admitted for a high-risk medical illness. Of these, 724,531 patients (26.0%) were identified as ET candidates. Patients' VTE risk appeared highest in the first 30 days post-discharge (1,532/724,531, 0.2%). Adjusted post-index hospitalization costs (2018 US$) for patients with a VTE within 30 days were higher than those without VTE (Δ = $32,623 at 30 days, Δ = $43,325 at 90 days, Δ = $53,668 at 365 days; p < 0.001 for all).

Conclusion Post-discharge VTE in high-risk patients with medical illness is associated with substantially increased costs.
The False Positive Rate of Transcutaneous Tissue Oximetry Alarms in Microvascular Breast Reconstruction Rises after 24 Hours
Authors: Tran Phu C. , DeBrock Will , Lester Mary E. , Hartman Brett C. , Socas Juan , Hassanein Aladdin H.
Published: October 2020

Background Transcutaneous tissue oximetry is widely used as an adjunct for postoperative monitoring after microvascular breast reconstruction. Despite a high sensitivity at detecting vascular issues, alarms from probe malfunctions/errors can generate unnecessary nursing calls, concerns, and evaluations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the false positive rate of transcutaneous tissue oximetry monitoring over the postoperative period and assess changes in its utility over time.

Patients and Methods Consecutive patients undergoing microvascular breast reconstruction at our institution with monitoring using transcutaneous tissue oximetry were assessed between 2017 and 2019. Variables of interest were transcutaneous tissue oximetry alarms, flap loss, re-exploration, and salvage rates.

Results The study included 175 patients (286 flaps). The flap loss rate was 1.0% (3/286). Twelve patients (6.8%) required re-exploration, with 9 patients found to have actual flap compromise (all within 24 hours). The salvage rate was 67.0%. The 3 takebacks after 24 hours were for bleeding concerns rather than anastomotic problems. Within the initial 24-hour postoperative period, 43 tissue oximetry alarms triggered nursing calls; 7 alarms (16.2%) were confirmed to be for flap issues secondary to vascular compromise. After 24 hours, none of the 44 alarms were associated with flap compromise. The false positive rate within 24 hours was 83.7% (36/43) compared with 100% (44/44) after 24 hours (p = 0.01).

Conclusion The transcutaneous tissue oximetry false positive rate significantly rises after 24 hours. The benefit may not outweigh the concerns, labor, and effort that results from alarms after postoperative day 1. We recommend considering discontinuing this monitoring after 24 hours.
A Comparative Analysis of Outcomes of Free Nipple Areolar Grafting in Autologous Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Egan Katie G. , Lai Eric , Holding Julie , Butterworth James A.
Published: October 2020

Background Preserving the nipple areolar complex (NAC) increases satisfaction in breast reconstruction. This study aims to describe outcomes using free NAC grafts in microvascular breast reconstruction.

Methods A case–control study evaluated prospective outcomes of microvascular breast reconstruction with free NAC grafts compared with matched controls with tattoo or local flap nipple reconstruction. Eligible patients for NAC grafting required correction of ptosis or nipple malposition. Postoperative photographs were rated for complications and aesthetics by the four study authors and two additional unbiased board-certified plastic surgeons. Satisfaction was measured with the BREAST-Q.

Results Twenty patients who underwent 35 autologous breast reconstructions were analyzed. Nipple areolar reconstruction with grafts was completed with 13 NACs in 7 patients. The majority of free NAC grafts (11/13, 85%) were completed in immediate reconstruction, and 15% (2/13) were completed in delayed reconstruction. Partial graft hypopigmentation (mean 18.0%, standard deviation [SD] 7.5) was noted in all grafts. Less than half of grafts had areas of depigmentation (6/13, mean 6.1%, SD 7.5). Minor areas of partial loss occurred in 6/13 grafts (mean 2.9%, SD 4.6). Nipple projection was maintained in 54% of nipples (7/13). Depigmentation, hypopigmentation, graft loss, and projection were not statistically correlated with NAC aesthetic or overall aesthetic rating. However, NAC size (p = 0.003), position (p = 0.022), and symmetry (p = 0.028) were all correlated with aesthetic outcomes. Outcomes and satisfaction were similar to those seen with local flap reconstruction, although partial loss was less common in NAC grafts.

Conclusion Nipple reconstruction can successfully be performed in microvascular breast reconstruction using free grafts. Although partial graft hypopigmentation is common, smaller areas of graft loss or depigmentation are anticipated and do not affect aesthetic outcomes. The use of free NAC grafts may allow additional patients to use their own nipples as part of their microvascular reconstruction and avoid secondary NAC reconstruction procedures.
Analysis of a Laxity Index Database and Comparison with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale Grades of This Population
Authors: Saunders Jimmy H. , Broeckx Bart J.G. , Bertal Mileva , Vezzoni Aldo , Van der Vekens Elke , Polis Ingeborgh
Published: October 2020

Objective This study aimed to analyse the distribution of the laxity indices (LI) in a dog population, to compare the LI with the Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) grades and to search for differences of LI between breeds.

Study Design The database was composed of all dogs presented to the University Hospital of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Ghent for obligatory hip screening between January 2016 and February 2019, and all patients presented to orthopaedic consultation between January 2017 and January 2019 for a complaint of hindlimb lameness, which underwent both a standard extended ventrodorsal radiograph of the hips and a stress radiograph revealing hip joint laxity. The latter was obtained by means of the Vezzoni-modified Badertscher distension device and the LI was calculated. For each dog of the population, the LI was then compared with the FCI grade.

Results The LI values ranged between 0.15 and 1.04, with a mean of 0.46. The LI and the FCI grade increased together, and showed a moderate-to-good correlation. There was a highly significant overall difference in the mean value of LI per FCI grade group (p < 0.001). The mean LI of the Labrador Retrievers was slightly but significantly lower than the mean LI of the Golden Retrievers (p < 0.01).

Conclusion The LI calculated on a stress radiograph taken with the Vezzoni-modified Badertscher distension device shows a good correlation with the FCI grade assigned on a standard extended ventrodorsal projection. A wide range of passive hip joint laxity exists in dogs considered to be phenotypically normal based on the FCI grading method.
Exposure to news grows less fragmented with an increase in mobile access
Authors: Yang Tian , Majó-Vázquez Sílvia , Nielsen Rasmus K. , González-Bailón Sandra
Published: October 2020

Significance

Access to diverse news strengthens democratic citizenship. Whether digital technologies have narrowed or widened news diets fosters contentious debates. Previous research shows the abundance of digital news sources might be leading to more fragmented audiences, ideological segregation, and echo chambers. Our study resorts to an unprecedented combination of data to show that the increase in mobile access to news actually leads to higher exposure to diverse content and that ideological self-selection explains only a small percentage of co-exposure to news. We also find that more than half of Internet users in the United States do not use online news. Future research should avoid generalizations from desktop-only data and pay attention to the increasing divide between informed citizens and news avoiders.
Loss of TDP-43 in astrocytes leads to motor deficits by triggering A1-like reactive phenotype and triglial dysfunction
Authors: Peng Audrey Yi Tyan , Agrawal Ira , Ho Wan Yun , Yen Yi-Chun , Pinter Ashley J. , Liu Jerry , Phua Qi Xuan Cheryl , Koh Katrianne Bethia , Chang Jer-Cherng , Sanford Emma , Man Jodie Hon Kiu , Wong Peiyan , Gutmann David H. , Tucker-Kellogg Greg , Ling Shuo-Chien
Published: October 2020

Significance

Aberrant TDP-43 aggregation is one of the defining pathological hallmark proteins of two overlapping adult-onset neurodegenerative diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. While TDP-43 aggregates are also found in astrocytes, it is not known how loss of astroglial TDP-43 affects neuronal function and disease pathogenesis. Herein, we show that TDP-43 is required for maintaining the protective properties of astrocytes, such that loss of astroglial TDP-43 causes triglial abnormalities that result in motor deficits. These findings establish that TDP-43–mediated dysfunction in different cell types uniquely contributes to neurodegenerative disease through cell-type–specific mechanisms. Delineating these etiologies could facilitate the discovery of novel strategies to treat neurological disorders caused by TDP-43 proteinopathy.
First-in-class humanized FSH blocking antibody targets bone and fat
Authors: Gera Sakshi , Sant Damini , Haider Shozeb , Korkmaz Funda , Kuo Tan-Chun , Mathew Mehr , Perez-Pena Helena , Xie Honglin , Chen Hao , Batista Rogerio , Ma Kejun , Cheng Zhen , Hadelia Elina , Robinson Cemre , Macdonald Anne , Miyashita Sari , Williams Anthony , Jebian Gregory , Miyashita Hirotaka , Gumerova Anisa , Ievleva Kseniia , Smith Pinar , He Jiahuan , Ryu Vitaly , DeMambro Victoria , Quinn Matthew A. , Meseck Marcia , Kim Se-Min , Kumar T. Rajendra , Iqbal Jameel , New Maria I. , Lizneva Daria , Rosen Clifford J. , Hsueh Aaron J. , Yuen Tony , Zaidi Mone
Published: October 2020

Significance

We report the development and characterization of a first-in-class humanized antibody to follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). We have shown previously that blocking FSH action on its receptor increases bone mass, reduces body fat, and enhances energy expenditure. Furthermore, FSH has been reported to increase serum cholesterol. Therefore, an anti-FSH agent has the potential of preventing and treating obesity, osteoporosis, and hypercholesterolemia, diseases that affect millions of women and men worldwide. Our study provides the framework for further preclinical and subsequent clinical testing of our humanized antibody to FSH.
Detailed structural, mechanical, and electronic study of five structures for CaF2 under high pressure*
Authors: Guo Ying , Fang Yumeng , Li Jun
Published: October 2020

Detailed density functional theory (DFT) calculations of the structural, mechanical, thermodynamic, and electronic properties of crystalline CaF2 with five different structures in the pressure range of 0 GPa–150 GPa are performed by both GGA (generalized gradient approximation)-PBE (Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof) and LDA (local density approximation)-CAPZ (Cambridge Serial Total Energy Package). It is found that the enthalpy differences imply that the fluorite phase → PbCl2-type phase → Ni2In-type phase transition in CaF2 occurs at P
GGA1 = 8.0 GPa, P
GGA2 = 111.4 GPa by using the XC of GGA, and P
LDA1 = 4.5 GPa, P
LDA2 = 101.7 GPa by LDA, respectively, which is consistent with previous experiments and theoretical conclusions. Moreover, the enthalpy differences between PbCl2-type and Ni2In-type phases in one molecular formula become very small at the pressure of about 100 GPa, indicating the possibility of coexistence of two-phase at high pressures. This may be the reason why the transition pressure of the second phase transition in other reports is so huge (68 GPa–278 GPa). The volume changed in the second phase transition are also consistent with the enthalpy difference result. Besides, the pressure dependence of mechanical and thermodynamic properties of CaF2 is studied. It is found that the high-pressure phase of Ni2In-type structure has better stiffness in CaF2 crystal, and the hardness of the material has hardly changed in the second phase transition. Finally, the electronic structure of CaF2 is also analyzed with the change of pressure. By analyzing the band gap and density of states, the large band gap indicates the CaF2 crystal is always an insulator at 0 GPa–150 GPa.
Influence of sub-bandgap illumination on space charge distribution in CdZnTe detector*
Authors: Guo Rongrong , Lin Jinhai , Liu Lili , Li Shiwei , Wang Chen , Xiong Feibin , Lin Haijun
Published: October 2020

The space charge accumulation in CdZnTe crystals seriously affects the performance of high-flux pulse detectors. The influence of sub-bandgap illumination on the space charge distribution and device performance in CdZnTe crystals were studied theoretically by Silvaco TCAD software simulation. The sub-bandgap illumination with a wavelength of 890 nm and intensity of 8 × 10−8 W/cm2 were used in the simulation to explore the space charge distribution and internal electric field distribution in CdZnTe crystals. The simulation results show that the deep level occupation faction is manipulated by the sub-bandgap illumination, thus space charge concentration can be reduced under the bias voltage of 500 V. A flat electric field distribution is obtained, which significantly improves the charge collection efficiency of the CdZnTe detector. Meanwhile, premised on the high resistivity of CdZnTe crystal, the space charge concentration in the crystal can be further reduced with the wavelength of 850 nm and intensity of 1 × 10−7 W/cm2 illumination. The electric field distribution is flatter and the carrier collection efficiency of the device can be improved more effectively.
Parameter Optimization Analysis of Gmapping Algorithm Based on Improved RBPF Particle Filter
Authors: Liu Zhaohua , Cui Zhi , Li Yong , Wang Wei
Published: October 2020

Aiming at the problem of inaccurate mapping caused by the robot hardware configuration that cannot meet the needs when the Gmapping algorithm is used for indoor mapping, a method for optimizing algorithm parameters is proposed. First, the principle of the Gmapping algorithm based on improved Rao-Blackwellised particle filtering is analyzed. By using the open source robot operating system (ROS) to run the Gmapping algorithm on a mobile robot, an indoor map is constructed. Then, by configuring different parameters, the accuracy of map construction is optimized. The experimental results show that by optimizing the algorithm parameters in an indoor environment, the algorithm can better adapt to the hardware configuration and improve the quality of the map.
The Optimization of Surface Quality and Smoothness Property with Orthogonal Function Algorithm
Authors: Meng Fanwen , Zhang Yuxiang , Ma Fengwei
Published: October 2020

In free surface fitting, the method of increasing control points to improve surface fitting accuracy is generally utilized. But with the increment of control points, the order of surface continuity decreases. According to the disadvantages of the traditional method of surface reconstruction, the surface fitting algorithm with orthogonal function is proposed in the paper. It avoids irregular points to implement surface fitting, which can ensure the smoothness of the surface. 3x3 order surface and 36 control points are used in surface fitting with the maximum error 0.0770mm, and the surface patches are G2 continuous. Experimental results show that the proposed method realizes the best matching of surface control points, surface curvature and reconstruction precision. The quality of surface reconstruction is greatly improved.
Knowledge-driven SPARQL Query Construction Based on Feedback Mechanism
Authors: Hu Jing , Zhang Mei , Zhang Zhi
Published: October 2020

According to the survey, the performance of the existing knowledge graph answering system in entity linking, relation linking and SPARQL query construction in terms of execution time and accuracy cannot meet the requirements of knowledge graph answering system. For this challenge, a new feedback mechanism based Knowledge-Driven query construction method is proposed. This method takes the entity set and predicate set in the problem as input, and constructs SPARQL query statements in a knowledge-driven way to solve simple and complex problems, and further proposes heuristic ideas to deal with implicit entity problems. At the same time, the method also proposes to feed back the query results of the knowledge graph to the entity link and relationship connection steps, so that the SPARQL query statement is optimized again. The evaluation results of the LC_QuAD data show that this method outperform the existing state of the art in precision and recall rate.
Research on Multiple Abnormal Behaviour Detection Methods for Surveillance Video
Authors: Tan Quange , Zhang Yali
Published: October 2020

This paper uses the centroid acceleration of the moving target and the aspect ratio operator of the outer frame of the moving target to identify the human moving target. It uses inter-frame difference method to detect stagnation, uses 3D convolutional neural networks to detect fall, and analyzes the experimental results. Abnormal behaviour detection can assist in case investigation, large-scale activities, and security in key areas, etc., and help ensure social harmony and stability.
Applying Anchored Instruction in Crowdsourcing Platforms to Promote Career Competence of Digital Media Students
Authors: Liu Ming , Xie Tao , Ding Jinxiao
Published: October 2020

The gap between the career competence and real needs of operating post significantly affects the development of enterprises. This paper combines the anchored instructional strategies and crowdsourcing to innovate the practice teaching mode of digital media specialty in vocational colleges. The goal is to explore the possibility of improving the career competence of students. A preliminary evaluation is conducted based on a 4-month longitudinal study. Thirty-nine junior students were tracked and 32 of them responded. The instruments included two popular crowdsourcing platforms in China and a testing scale of career competencies. The data was collected via Internet survey first followed by a telephone interview if the students did not respond within a fixed time. The results show that the crowdsourcing platform is an appropriate training environment where students can understand more market needs through the platform and students’ experience has been greatly improved through training and cooperation. In conclusion, the approach proposed in this study is useful in promoting career competence of digital media students in vocational colleges.
Static Detection of Access Control Vulnerabilities in Vue Applications
Authors: Pan Kefeng , Wang Qian
Published: October 2020

In this article, we reviewed the research progress of mainstream methods for detecting access control vulnerabilities, and designed a method for detecting access control vulnerabilities in Vue applications based on previous research. After that, we tested our detection method on the vulnerability test set designed by ourselves, and basically achieved the research goal of this article.
Application of Data Mining in the Coal Enterprises in ERP
Authors: Zhong Ruowu , Wang Huiping
Published: October 2020

With the development of science and technology, and to meet the need of the coal enterprise development, the ERP system has been more and more used in coal enterprises day-to-day management, and has played the increasing important role. With the wide application of ERP system, how to deal with a lot of data and information for reasonable application becomes the focus of attention. Data mining is an effective analysis and processing of various data technology, and is being applied in the coal enterprise ERP system. Firstly, the technology of data mining is introduced. Secondly the concrete application of data mining technology in coal enterprises ERP system is introduced and analysed.
Ontology Alignment Optimization Method Based on NSGA-II
Authors: Feng Shaorong
Published: October 2020

In order to solve the problem of optimizing the mapping result integration of three distinct similarity measurement technologies (grammar based similarity measurement, linguistic based similarity measurement and taxonomy based similarity measurement), a method based on NSGA-II is proposed. Compared with the traditional genetic algorithm, this method can achieve the maximum mapping recall ratio, precision ratio and f-measure value at the same time. The ontology mapping results obtained by this method can solve the problem of preference for recall or precision. The experimental results indicate that the put forward method is feasible.