bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What may be neglected by an application-centred approach to mathematics education?
Authors: Kadijevich Djordje
Published: November 2024

It seems that an ongoing discussion of why modelling and applications should be part of mathematics education has mostly centred around utilitarian argument. In my opinion, such an attitude may produce an unbalanced view on the reasons for including modelling and applications in mathematics education, which, in turn, may result in a neglect of the following important issues of mathematical modelling:
– the complexity of the modelling process;
– the distinction between the perspective of model builders and that of model users
– the necessity of a demanding interplay among students' cognitive, metacognitive and affective domains in the modelling process.
The article briefly presents the application-centred approach to mathematics education, examines these neglected issues, and suggests how the teaching of modelling and applications may thus be utilised.
Review – Theory of Didactical Situations in Mathematics. Didactique des Mathematiques, 1970-1990.
Authors: Gjone Gunnar
Published: November 2024

Brousseau, Guy (1997) Theory of Didactical Situations in Mathematics. Didactique des Mathematiques, 1970-1990. Edited and translated by Nicholas Balacheff, Martin Cooper, Rosamund Sutherland and Virginia Warfield. Dordrecht, NL: Kluwer Academic Publishers, xix + 304 pp. ISBN 0-7923-4526-6
Synspunkter på matematikk i utdanningen sett i lys av matematikkens rolle på to utvalgte arbeidsplasser
Authors: Bradal Ronald
Published: November 2024

Artikkelen bygger på en hovedfagsoppgave fra Høgskolen i Agder. Hensikten med oppgaven var å analysere hvordan matematikk brukes i yrkeslivet, for så å vurdere om funnene bør få konsekvenser for matematikkundervisningen i skolen. Analysen bygger på undersøkelser gjort på tre ulike arbeidsplasser. Krav til utdanning og formell kompetanse på arbeidsplassene spente over et stort spektrum. Studien bekreftet at alt beregningsarbeid var overtatt av dataprogrammer og at vurdering av resultater stod sentralt. I mange tilfelle var matematikken skjult for de som brukte programmene. Programmeneutarbeides av et lite fåtallspesialister. Etter forfatterens vurdering bidrar dette til å forstå hvorfor mange elever i skolen har følelsen av at sjansen er liten for at de kommer til å bruke matematikk som voksne. Konklusjonen er at fagets rolle i samfunnet bør synliggjøres i undervisning.
Bokomtale
Authors: Gjone Gunnar
Published: November 2024

I denne spalten gir vi en kort omtale av nye nordiske bøker innenfor temaet matematikkundervisning.
Gymnasieelever undersöker ett matematiskt begrepp med grafräknare
Authors: Bergqvist Tomas
Published: November 2024

Artikeln beskriver ett försök där gymnasieelever får undersöka faktorisering av andragradspolynom med hjälp av grafiska representationer av funktioner. Eleverna leds in i ett för dem nytt arbetssätt, där de tillsammans med en lärare får arbeta med ett antal uppgifter med hjälp av en grafräknare. Resultaten visar att eleverna kommer med egna hypoteser och använder grafräknaren på eget initiativ i vissa situationer. Resultaten visar också att eleverna i försöket i viss mån kunde använda grafräknaren i ett undersökande arbetssätt.
Hoderegning og valg av arbeidsmetode ved elementære utregninger i addisjon, subtraksjon, multiplikasjon og divisjon
Authors: Haara Frode Olav
Published: November 2024

I dag blir kalkulator og andre elektroniske hjelpemidler tatt stadig mer i bruk, og hoderegning er ikke lenger et like naturlig førstevalg som arbeidsmetode ved en elementær utregning. Artikkelen gir først og fremst en oversikt over faktorene som har skapt denne situasjonen, og de utfordringer som hoderegningen og skolen står ovenfor dersom hoderegning igjen skal bli akseptert som førstevalg ved elementære utregninger. Videre blir dagens mange krav om økt bruk av tradisjonelle virkemidler i undervisningen tatt på alvor og vurdert i forhold til integrering med dagens rådende undervisning i forbindelse med hoderegning. Konklusjonene viser at et initiativ til å styrke hoderegningsbruken bør ta utgangspunkt i at elevene må se sitt eget behov for hoderegning dersom det skal kunne forventes at de skal øke bruken av hoderegning på bekostning av lite nyansert bruk av kalkulator, og at en integrering av tradisjonelle virkemidler med rådende undervisningsprinsipp bør kunne vurderes på grunnlag av erfaringer og data fra forsøk på slik integrering.
Some problems of socio-cultural research in mathematics teaching and learning
Authors: Lerman Stephen
Published: November 2024

In the spirit of the conference, this article is not to argue for a socio-cultural perspective. I have been working in this area for close on a decade now and although I sometimes engage in discussions about theoretical perspectives (see Lerman, 1996; 2000) the intention of this paper is somewhat different. Instead I will first summarise some of what I consider the key notions of socio-cultural theory for education in general terms. I will then describe some of the aspects of a socio-cultural perspective on mathematics teaching and learning with which currently I struggle in my work.
NOMAD-stafetten går videre fra Norge til Finland
Authors: Brekke Gard , Gjone Gunnar
Published: November 2024

Med dette nummeret av NOMAD avslutter den norske redaksjonen sitt arbeid. Redaksjonsansvaret går nå videre til Vasa i Finland, og vi ønsker den nye redaksjonen lykke til med tidsskriftet.
Dyscalculia – a cognitive approach
Authors: Johnsen Fritz
Published: November 2024

47 students ranging in age from 8 to 16 years have been evaluated for mathematical disabilities. This study shows an indication of certain patterns to be found in the test results. The basic cognitive production involved in solving mathematical problems displays a varied picture, involving executive functions, sequential and simultaneous processing, arousal/attention areas, automation, and cognitive integration. The results from the assessments are discussed from a cognitive point of view.
Quadratics in Japanese
Authors: Winsløw Carl
Published: November 2024

Starting from a description of two lessons on quadratic equations in a junior high school of Tokyo, this paper attempts to throw new light on the principles and philosophies underlying secondary mathematics teaching in Japan. In particular, the paper concludes by discussing their relation to constructivism and structuralism in the Western sense. To put this description in perspective, some examples of analogous Danish conditions are mentioned.
A Nordic graduate school in mathematics education starts in 2004
Authors: Grevholm Barbro
Published: November 2024

Nordisk Forskeruddannelsesakademi, NorFa, has decided to support a Nordic graduate school in mathematics education for the period 2004–2008.
Mathematics education in the Nordic countries
Authors: Bekken Otto B. , Jaworski Barbara , Kristjánsdóttir Anna
Published: November 2024

Ledare / Editorial
Earlier mathematics achievement and success in university studies
Authors: Murtonen Mari , Titterton Nathaniel
Published: November 2024

This study explores connections between earlier mathematics achievement in high school, success in university statistics and quantitative methods courses and experienced difficulties in quantitative methods courses. Earlier achievement in mathematics correlated with statistics grade in university studies, but not with quantitative methods course grade. Earlier achievement in mathematics was related to the experience of one’s own ability in mathematical subjects and quantitative methods, but it was not related to other experienced difficulties. Ability in mathematical subjects and quantitative methods was further connected to other difficulties experienced in quantitative methods. The experienced difficulties and achievement in university courses were not related.
Formativ evaluering i matematikundervisningen - ændringer i praksis
Authors: Jess Kristine
Published: November 2024

I forlængelse af de reformer, der har fundet sted inden for matematikundervisningen internationalt såvel som i Danmark, er det nødvendigt at udvikle nye evaluerings former. I en forstadskommune til København blev der i perioden 1997-99 gennemført et udviklingsprojekt med henblik på at indføre formativ evaluering i matematikundervisningen. I denne sammenhæng sættes fokus på, om brugen af et evalueringsmateriale, der i løbet af projektet blev udviklet til formålet, giver lærerne mulighed for at få uddybet deres indsigt i elevernes kompetencer, og om denne særlige evalueringsstrategi giver anledning til refleksioner hos lærerne, der fører til ændringer i praksis. Det fremgår af konklusionen, at implementeringen af evalueringsstrategien har haft en begrænset formativ effekt, men har forøget lærernes opmærksomhed på undervisnings- og læreprocesser og især på sprogets betydning for disse, og via refleksioner herover har ført til ændringer i praksis.
Strategies for Resilient Build Back in The Post-Flood Era: An AHP-Dematel Technique
Authors:   Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia, Tahir Muhammad , Bin Mohd Idris Mohd Fadzil ,   Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Malaysia
Published: November 2024

Pakistan suffered from devastating floods in 2022, causing extensive infrastructural, economic, social, and other damages. Effective risk management was notably absent in the country. Therefore, this paper identifies critical factors influencing the build-back-better (BBB) framework and resilience building. The evaluation of various strategies for risk reduction in infrastructure during floods, ensuring its resilience, is also addressed. This study employs Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques, specifically the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL), to assess critical factors in BBB in the context of devastating floods. The AHP analysis effectively ranked the identified factors based on their relative weights, while DEMATEL determined the inter-relationships among the parameters, categorizing them into effect and cause groups. The results indicate that improvement in structural design is essential, whereas asset replacement is the least important factor. According to the DEMATEL analysis, Cash-for-Work was the most important causal factor in improving resilience-building procedures. The findings of this study assist policymakers in formulating a risk-resilient framework for enhancing construction strategies and developing a strong and resilient infrastructure, effectively influencing associated stakeholders.
The Most Influential Factors on The Risk Cost Estimation Process of Implementing Bim 5d in Quantity Take-Off for Green Retrofitting of High-Rise Buildings
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Silviana Dewi Febrianti , Latief Yusuf ,   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Detty Kussumardianadewi Bernadette ,   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: November 2024

Green retrofitting aims to guide buildings toward sustainable practices, reducing carbon emissions associated with building operations and construction. This study explores the application of Building Information Modeling (BIM) 5D Quantity Take-Off (QTO) to existing high-rise buildings, focusing on components that enhance the performance of environmentally friendly structures and project management. This research identifies the factors influencing the cost estimation process and examines the risks across various phases, activities, outputs, and utilization of BIM 5D in cost estimation. The study highlights the most influential factors in implementing green retrofitting for high-rise buildings using structured interviews, questionnaires, and expert validation. The analysis demonstrates that BIM 5D QTO significantly impacts the risk associated with cost estimation in green retrofitting processes. The study ranks the criteria based on respondent feedback by employing Relative Importance Index (RII) analysis. The statistical analysis identifies key factors affecting the risk of cost estimation in BIM QTO for green retrofitting of high-rise buildings. These factors include evaluating specifications, defining acceptance criteria, decomposing the high-level Work Breakdown Structure (WBS), inputting sizes and specifications of each work component into the 3D model, integrating scheduling into the 3D model, and establishing a BIM Execution Plan.
Development of Jetty Structure Design Procedures at The Schematic Design Stage with The Implementation of Computational Design and Building Information Modelling to Improve Design Time Performance
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Fitriansyah Aidil , Latief Yusuf ,   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: November 2024

The construction sector faces persistent productivity challenges, significantly hindering the efficiency of design workflows. Computational Design (CD) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) offer potential solutions. CD enables the exploration of parametric design alternatives, while BIM enhances collaboration, visualization, and decision-making through comprehensive 3D models. This study aimed to investigate the processes and activities involved in the structural design of jetties during the schematic design phase using CD and BIM and to assess the impact of these activities on design time performance. A comprehensive analysis of secondary data was carried out, interviews were conducted with design experts, and quantitative analysis using SPSS29 was employed to assess the impact of the design procedures on design time performance. The investigation identified nine critical business processes in the structural jetty design using CD and BIM, comprising 37 design activities. The impact assessment revealed two crucial factors, CD-BIM Design Activities, and Internal Design Review, showing that incorporating computational design and BIM processes into structural design procedures significantly improved design time performance. The research highlights the transformative role of CD and BIM in streamlining structural design processes, marking a significant advancement in the pursuit of efficiency within the civil engineering sector.
Critical Success Factors in Pump Production to Increase Lean Manufacturing Project Performance
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Dwianditya I Bayu , Sagita Riantini Leni ,   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Latief Yusuf ,   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: November 2024

Floods represent a significant global disaster, occurring more frequently and causing severe damage. The effective production of pumps is crucial in supporting flood infrastructure projects. Lean Manufacturing (LM) and Project Management (PM) approaches must be incorporated to improve pump production manufacturing. Therefore, this study aims to identify the critical success factors that enhance LM performance in pump production projects for flood management through surveys conducted among pump manufacturers, governmental bodies, and relevant stakeholders engaged in flood infrastructure projects. The study's results highlight the importance of understanding and analyzing project complexity, aligning pump design with project requirements, and mastering processes and technical aspects, including method compliance and continuous improvement within the Lean framework. Effective project management, emphasizing goal clarity, planning, and execution, is also crucial. The insights obtained from this study significantly contribute to understanding the critical considerations in pump production to support flood infrastructure projects.
The Role of Stakeholder Involvement in Enhancing Safe Drinking Water Infrastructure: An Interpretative Structural Modeling Approach
Authors:   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia, Rahmanea Awlya , Dita Rarasati Ayomi ,   Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Published: November 2024

One of the primary goals listed in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) is to “Achieve universal and equitable access to safe and affordable drinking water for all,” as stated in SDG 6.1. To obtain this goal, the Government of Indonesia has developed the 2020-2024 National Medium-Term Development Plan (RPJMN), which has set specific targets including achieving 100% access to decent drinking water, 15% access to safe drinking water, and establishing 10 million house connections. The Ministry of National Development Planning has established a goal of achieving 45% access to safe drinking water by 2030 as part of the SDGs. However, as per the World Health Organization (WHO), Indonesia is projected to attain a 30% level of access to safe drinking water by 2022, which falls short of the objective set for 2030. Therefore, this study aims to identify the stakeholders involved in achieving safe drinking water goals and the factors that affect the achievement of access to safe drinking water. The methods employed include interviews to identify and map stakeholders, Geometric Mean (GM) analysis to assess the level of influence and interest of stakeholders, and Interpretative Structural Modelling (ISM) to determine the influence level of each factor. The findings reveal that seven agencies are involved as stakeholders. The primary stakeholders in the "Manage Closely" quadrant include the Ministry of National Development Planning, the Ministry of Public Works and Housing, and the Local Government. Additionally, 23 factors were found to have an impact on the provision of safe drinking water. The ISM analysis indicated that the most influential factors were “Restrictions on authority related to regional autonomy and power sharing between institutions/ministries,” “The number of stakeholders involved,” and “Regulations and policies related to the procurement of safe drinking water supply.”
The Impact of Bio and Mineral Fertilization on Plant Growth and Root Nodulation in Soybean Glycine max (L.) Merr
Authors: Kothawale Ankit B. , Kumbhar Chandrakant T. , Sali Vikrant M. , Sushir Manish A.
Published: November 2024

A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of Bradyrhizobium japonicum and phosphate solubilizing fungus in combination with graded levels of chemical fertilizers on growth and root nodulation of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Treatments comprising of: dual inoculation of soybean seeds with Bradyrhizobium japonicum @ 25 g/kg seed and phosphate solubilizing fungus @ 10 g/kg seed in conjunction with application of recommended dose of chemical fertilizers; dual inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and phosphate solubilizing fungus in combination with application of 75% of recommended dose of nitrogen and phosphorus and 100% of recommended dose of potash; seed inoculation with phosphate solubilizing fungus in conjunction with recommended dose of fertilizers and; the treatment consisting of seed inoculation with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in conjunction with recommended dose of fertilizers had profound effect on growth and root nodulation in soybean. However, the treatment comprising of dual inoculation of seed with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and phosphate solubilizing fungus in conjunction with application of 75% of recommended dose of nitrogen and phosphorus and 100% of recommended dose of potash was most economical, since it caused 25% savings in nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizers.
The Potential of Algal Consortium as an Innovative and Effective Biofertilizer for Sustainable Agriculture in India
Authors: Patel Bijal , Bergi Jay , Trivedi Ratna
Published: November 2024

The growing demands of agriculture and the necessity to reduce the environmental impacts of chemical fertilizers have brought algal biofertilizers to the forefront as a sustainable solution. Algal consortium-based biofertilizers, in particular, hold promise due to their capacity to improve soil health, increase crop yield, and contribute to sustainable agricultural practices. This paper examines the potential of algal consortium as a unique biofertilizer, emphasizing the roles of different algal species, the mechanisms they employ in nutrient enrichment, and the overall impact on soil and plant health. Improved nutrient availability (i.e., N, P, K, Zn, and S), phytohormone modulation, phytopathogen biocontrol, and reduction of biotic and abiotic stressors are some of the advantageous mechanisms of improved plant growth. Sustainable agriculture depends on the interaction between plants and microbes, and these microbes may play a crucial role as ecological engineers in lowering the use of chemical fertilizers. Inoculum preparation, the addition of cell protectants like glycerol, lactose, and starch, a suitable carrier material, appropriate packaging, and the most effective delivery techniques are some of the steps involved in producing a solid-based or liquid biofertilizer formulation. Furthermore, entrapment/microencapsulation, nano-immobilization of microbial bioinoculants, and biofilm-based biofertilizers are examples of recent formulation advancements. Thus, using the resources at hand, inoculation with advantageous microbes has become a cutting-edge, environmentally friendly method of feeding the world's population. By analyzing the effectiveness of algal consortium-based biofertilizers and comparing them with traditional synthetic fertilizers, this paper highlights their advantages, challenges, and future research directions in sustainable agriculture.
Evaluation of Nutritional Value and Sensory Analysis of a Composite Flour for Porridge and Biscuits Formulated by Four-Factor Mixing Plan
Authors: Thérèse Biassala Eliane , Feueltgaldah Bopoundza Christian , Célestine Kiminou Ngounga , Wilfrid Loumouamou Bob , Sainty Nzamba Nouch De , Michel Dzondo Gadet
Published: November 2024

Objective: The aim of this work is to formulate a composite flour for porridges and biscuits based on plantain (musa paradisiaca), maize (zea mays), sesame (sesamum indicum) and N'sangui (pellonulla leonensis ) in order to diversify the sources of nutrients in infant flours.
Design of the study: the plant and fish materials were purchased and processed between 15 September 2022 and February 2023, followed by analyses in two laboratories at the site.
Methodology: A mixing plan was carried out with the different flours of each material using well-defined methods. Biochemical analyses were carried out on the composite flour formulations obtained. The porridge and biscuit preparations were subjected to organoleptic tests.
Results: The biochemical results of these formulations revealed that the nutrient levels vary from one formulation to another, the humidity level between 10 and 11%, ash between 1.8 and 4.82%, lipids between 6.6 and 16.75%, carbohydrates between 54.55 and 64.10%, proteins between 10.29 and 15.52% and energy values between 374 and 430.47kcal. The formulation coded F6 has the nutrient levels included in the range allowed by the World Health Organization standards on infant flours. The static test carried out on the porridges prepared from the different formulations produced showed that there is no significant difference in the appearance, smell, and taste of the porridges and a significant difference was noted on the color and overall acceptability. The sensory profile carried out on the biscuits prepared from the most appreciated formulation F5 of the porridges was highly appreciated by the tasters.
Conclusion:  Overall, all formulations are close to the standards in force. The formulation coded F5 stood out as the most appreciated of the others.
The Potentials of Organic Cotton Farming to Smallholder Farmers’ Resilience Enhancement to Climate Change Adaptation in Semi-Arid Areas of Tanzania: A case of Meatu District
Authors: Mung’ong’o Henry George
Published: November 2024

Climate change has become a threat to a wide range of local community’s livelihoods particularly cotton farming system of semi-arid areas experiencing changing in precipitation patterns, pests and diseases, and rising input costs. Therefore, while organic cotton farming is increasingly adopted as pontential adaptation strategy, the extent of its contribution to climate change resilience remains understudied. Thus, this study assessed the role of organic cotton farming for smallholder farmers as an adaptation to climate change in Meatu district specifically aim to examine the trend and patterns of climate change, examining the impacts on smallholder farmers and explore the contribution of organic cotton farming to adaptation. The study employed mixed method approach. Simple random and purposive samplings were used to select respondents for the study. Household survey, in-depth interviews, observation and document review methods were used to collect data. The household survey included 246 heads of households. Data on rainfall and temperature was collected from the Tanzania Meteorological Agency (TMA), while linear analysis was used to determine the trends of rainfall and temperature. The study findings highlighted significant trends and patterns of climate change in the Meatu district, including decreasing rainfall and increasing temperatures, which pose challenges to agricultural activities and livelihoods while impacting smallholder farmers ranging from reduced crop yields to changes in traditional farming practices, underscoring the urgent need for proactive adaptation strategies. Organic cotton farming emerges as a promising adaptation strategy, with high adoption rates and a range of benefits, including improved soil health, enhanced crop yield, and increased market opportunities. To conclude, climate change is real and has caused severe impacts on cotton smallholder farmers. However, through the adoption of organic farming smallholder farmers have been able to respond significantly to the impact of climate change. Therefore, it is recommended that organic farming be promoted through the provision of organic farming education, providing support for organic farming initiatives, and strengthening market linkages.
Phenotypic Variation in a Panel of 149 varieties of Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz): A Pre-Breeding Investigation in Togo
Authors: Tighankoumi Gmakouba , Daniel Dzidzienyo K. , Koussao Some , Pangirayi Tongoona , Kwame Asante I.
Published: November 2024

Evaluating the genetic diversity within a plant species is crucial for identifying genes that control important biological functions, facilitating the rationale for developing new varieties. The genetic diversity in a panel of 149 cassava varieties was explored to assess its nature, pattern, and differentiation. The experiment was conducted at the Breeding Station of Davié in the forest-savanna transition zone characterized by a bimodal rainfall pattern. One hundred and fourty nine varieties were planted in an augmented block design, with five improved and released varieties as check genotypes. Data on sixteen phenotypic traits were collected based on cassava traits ontology. A high diversity coefficient of 0.78 was observed among varieties. Multivariate analysis revealed all assessed traits as discriminative for cassava varieties. Principal Component Analysis identified traits such as fresh root yield, plant vigour, number of roots per plant, Cassava Mosaic Disease (CMD) severity, aboveground biomass, leaf lobe dimensions, Cassava Bacterial Blight (CBB) severity, plant height, height to first branching, petiole length, harvest index as major contributors to the variability of the germplasm. Cluster and canonical analyses delineated seven significant groups, characterized by traits like CMD and CBB resistance, vigorous growth, high canopy and fresh root yield, high harvest index and root dry matter content.The findings provide a foundation for informed selection of parental lines in developing new high-yielding and CMD-resistant cassava varieties.
Physicochemical and Microbiological Characterization of Tamarind Pulp (Tamarindus indica) Sold in the Markets of Korhogo and Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire)
Authors: Bakayoko Noka Lahissa , Bertin Guede Kipre , Soumahoro Souleymane , Tiekoura Konan Bertin , Fernique Konan Kouadio , Koussemon-Camara Marina , Guessennd Nathalie Kouadio
Published: November 2024

The tamarind tree is a wild species native to northern Côte d'Ivoire, where its fruits are highly valued. While the ecology and botany of this fruit species are well-documented, there is a scarcity of studies on its consumption and health impacts. This study was conducted to assess tamarind's nutritional, physicochemical, and microbiological quality to enhance its value, promote its cultivation, and ensure its sustainable management.400 tamarind samples were collected from markets in Korhogo and Abidjan to determine their physicochemical properties (pH, titratable acidity) as well as their protein, lipid, and fat content. Microbiological analyses were also performed on the collected samples.
The analysis revealed that the pH of all samples ranged between 2.8 ± 0.07 and 3.03 ± 0.02, with the lowest pH values observed in fresh tamarind samples. Titratable acidity values ranged from 2.8 ± 0.09% to 4.3 ± 0.06%. Microbiological analysis of the tamarind showed the absence of Salmonella, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and total coliforms. The average aerobic mesophilic bacteria (AMB) count was 2.1± 0.6 × 104 CFU/g for fermented fruits from Korhogo and 2.4± 0.5 × 104 CFU/g for fermented fruits from Abidjan. The average lactic acid bacteria count was estimated at 5.6± 0.3 × 103 CFU/g for fermented fruits from Korhogo and 3.6± 0.4 × 103 CFU/g for fermented fruits from Abidjan. Yeast and mold counts were 6.3± 0.04 × 101 CFU/g for fermented fruits from Korhogo and 7.2± 0.03 × 101 CFU/g for fermented fruits from Abidjan.
Of the 100 fresh tamarind fruit samples collected in Korhogo, 90% had satisfactory microbiological quality, while 10% had acceptable microbiological quality. Fermented fruits from Abidjan had the highest percentage of unsatisfactory microbiological quality (24.5%). In total, 60.2% of the samples from Abidjan had satisfactory microbiological quality, and 15.3% had acceptable microbiological quality. In total, 4.6% of the fermented tamarind samples from Korhogo had unsatisfactory microbiological quality, which was linked to high AMB levels (≥3.105 CFU/g) in 75.74% of these samples, while 35.26% of the samples had unsatisfactory quality due to yeast and mold presence. For 40.7% of the fermented tamarind samples collected in Abidjan, unsatisfactory microbiological quality was due to high AMB levels (≥3.105 CFU/g), and in 60.3% of the samples, it was due to yeast and mold presence.
Delays In The Diagnosis And Treatment On Lung Cancer And Its Influencing Factors
Authors: Amrani H. Naji- , Atoini F. , Belghol R. , Bougrini Y. , Ouarssani A.
Published: November 2024

Le cancer broncho-pulmonaire (CBP) constitue un problème majeur de santé publique. Son diagnostic est le
plus souvent tardif. Le délai de prise en charge diagnostique et thérapeutique est considéré comme un facteur
pronostic.
L’étude a comme objectif d’évaluer les différents délais de prise en charge des cancers broncho-pulmonaires à
l’Hôpital Militaire Moulay Ismail de Méknes (HMMI) et mettre en lumière les facteurs influençant ces délais.
Il s’agit d’une étude rétrospective descriptive et analytique menée à partir des dossiers de patients
diagnostiqués du 1er janvier 2010 au 31 décembre 2015. Les délais de prise en charge étaient estimés à partir
de la date de la première visite du médecin généraliste (D1g), de la date de la visite de médecin spécialiste
(D1s) de la date du diagnostic (Ddg) et de la date du début du traitement (Dttt). Ces délais ont été comparés
selon les variables démographiques, cliniques et paracliniques du groupe étudié.
73 patients étaient incluent dans notre travail dont l’âge moyen était de 60 ans, 92 % étaient des hommes et 91
% étaient tabagiques chroniques. La dyspnée était le signe d’appel le plus fréquent (28% des cas) suivie par la
toux chronique (22% de cas). Le carcinome non à petite cellule était le plus fréquent dont 59% étaient des
adénocarcinomes, 82% de malades étaient classés au stade IV au moment du diagnostic et 76% de cas étaient
traités par chimiothérapie.
Le délai moyen d’orientation du malade (D1g à D1s) était de 25 jours, le délai moyen de diagnostic (D1s à
Ddg) était de 31 jours, alors que le délai thérapeutique (Ddg à Dttt) moyen était de 24 jours. Ainsi le délai
global de prise en charge (D1g à Dttt) a été estimé à une moyenne de 81 jours.
Le délai d’orientation était plus court pour les sujet âgés de moins de 60 ans (p=0,005), les malades présentant
une hémoptysie (p=0,04) et pour ceux ayant une radiographie thoracique initiale suspecte (p=0,03). Le délai
diagnostic dépendait des investigations diagnostiques : il était plus long pour les patients ayant des résultats
histologiques initiaux non concluants. Le délai thérapeutique était plus long pour les sujet âgées (p= 0,02).
Enfin, le délai global de prise en charge était influencé par l’âge (p=0,007), les symptômes (p=0,02) et le
nombre de radiographie thoracique (p=0,02).
Les délais de prise en charge du CBP à l’ HMMI est proche des recommandations internationales.
L’optimisation des temps d’accès au diagnostic et au traitement pourrait être possible par la mise en place d’un système d’accès rapide et planifié aux investigations à visée diagnostique et thérapeutique.
Gene expression and promoter methylation of angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors as prognostic markers in melanoma
Authors: Monteiro Ana Carolina , Muenzner Julienne K. , Andrade Fernando , Rius Flávia Eichemberger , Ostalecki Christian , Geppert Carol I. , Agaimy Abbas , Hartmann Arndt , Fujita André , Schneider‐Stock Regine , Jasiulionis Miriam Galvonas
Published: May 2019

The high mortality rate of melanoma is broadly associated with its metastatic potential. Tumor cell dissemination is strictly dependent on vascularization; therefore, angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis play an essential role in metastasis. Hence, a better understanding of the players of tumor vascularization and establishing them as new molecular biomarkers might help to overcome the poor prognosis of melanoma patients. Here, we further characterized a linear murine model of melanoma progression and showed that the aggressiveness of melanoma cells is closely associated with high expression of angiogenic factors, such as Vegfc, Angpt2, and Six1, and that blockade of the vascular endothelial growth factor pathway by the inhibitor axitinib abrogates their tumorigenic potential in vitro and in the in vivo chicken chorioallantoic membrane assay. Furthermore, analysis of The Cancer Genome Atlas data revealed that the expression of the angiogenic factor ANGPT2 (P‐value = 0.044) and the lymphangiogenic receptor VEGFR‐3 (P‐value = 0.002) were independent prognostic factors of overall survival in melanoma patients. Enhanced reduced representation bisulfite sequencing‐based methylome profiling revealed for the first time a link between abnormal VEGFC, ANGPT2, and SIX1 gene expression and promoter hypomethylation in melanoma cells. In patients, VEGFC (P‐value = 0.031), ANGPT2 (P‐value < 0.001), and SIX1 (P‐value = 0.009) promoter hypomethylation were independent prognostic factors of shorter overall survival. Hence, our data suggest that these angio‐ and lymphangiogenesis factors are potential biomarkers of melanoma prognosis. Moreover, these findings strongly support the applicability of our melanoma progression model to unravel new biomarkers for this aggressive human disease.
Smyd2 conformational changes in response to p53 binding: role of the C‐terminal domain
Authors: Chandramouli Balasubramanian , Melino Gerry , Chillemi Giovanni
Published: May 2019

Smyd2 lysine methyltransferase regulates monomethylation of histone and nonhistone lysine residues using S‐adenosylmethionine cofactor as the methyl donor. The nonhistone interactors include several tumorigenic targets, including p53. Understanding this interaction would allow the structural principles that underpin Smyd2‐mediated p53 methylation to be elucidated. Here, we performed μ‐second molecular dynamics (MD) simulations on binary Smyd2‐cofactor and ternary Smyd2‐cofactor‐p53 peptide complexes. We considered both unmethylated and monomethylated p53 peptides (at Lys370 and Lys372). The results indicate that (a) the degree of conformational freedom of the C‐terminal domain of Smyd2 is restricted by the presence of the p53 peptide substrate, (b) the Smyd2 C‐terminal domain shows distinct dynamic properties when interacting with unmethylated and methylated p53 peptides, and (c) Lys372 methylation confines the p53 peptide conformation, with detectable influence on Lys370 accessibility to the cofactor. These MD results are therefore of relevance for studying the biology of p53 in cancer progression.
Random Graphs
Authors: Schweinberger Michael
Published: May 2019

A random graph is given by a pair (), where is a set of graphs and is a probability distribution with support . Random graphs have been studied since the middle of the twentieth century and have witnessed a surge of interest since the turn of the twenty‐first century, fueled by the rise of the Internet and social networks and the growing realization that today's world is a connected world.
U
‐Statistics
Authors: Chen Xiaohui
Published: May 2019

A ‐statistic, calculated from a random sample of size , is an average of a symmetric function calculated for all ‐tuples in the sample. Examples include the sample variance, the Cramér‐von Mises and energy statistics of goodness‐of‐fit, and the Kaplan–Meier and Nelson–Aalen estimators in survival analysis. Asymptotic properties are described.
Outcome Weighted Learning
Authors: Pan Yinghao , Zhao Ying‐Qi
Published: May 2019

Due to patient's heterogeneous response to treatment, there is a growing demand to develop treatment strategies according to individual characteristics, which could lead to better health outcomes. Individualized treatment rules aim to identify if, when, which, and to whom treatment should be applied. In this article, we review a general framework of outcome weighted learning, a recently proposed machine learning technique for estimating optimal individualized treatment rules. The methods developed within this framework can be applied to both a single‐stage setup, where a single treatment decision is to be made, and multi‐stage setups, where a sequence of treatment decisions will be made. Furthermore, the methods can handle different types of outcomes, including continuous, categorical, and survival outcomes, and various treatment formations such as binary/ordinal treatments and continuous dose level. Finally, we briefly discuss some recent developments in this research area.
Binary State Start‐Up Demonstration Tests
Authors: Griffith William S. , DePoy Smith Michelle L.
Published: May 2019

Start‐up demonstration tests are used to determine the acceptability of equipment. These have been employed in a variety of situations including, among others, power generation equipment, emergency power systems, and security systems. This article discusses the various types of binary state start‐up demonstration tests that have been discussed in the literature. The structure of the tests varies based on the pattern of total or consecutive start‐ups required for acceptance or rejection of the equipment being tested. The assumptions on the start‐ups also vary as to whether they are considered as independent and identically distributed Bernoulli trials or have a more complex dependence structure. Start‐up demonstrations tests that utilize multiple stages and inspectors are also discussed.
Data Visualization
Authors: D'Ignazio Catherine
Published: May 2019

Data visualizations are becoming a mainstream form of communication in a variety of personal, professional, and public contexts. This entry presents an overview of this emerging form in context, with examples. It situates data visualization as both process and product, details the knowledge domains that visualization draws from, and provides a set of orientation points for learning to become a critical reader and designer of data visualizations.
Media Literacy Outcomes, Measurement
Authors: Ptaszek Grzegorz
Published: May 2019

Currently, measurement of media literacy outcomes is a challenge for media literacy researchers. This results from a lack of clarity among academics about what media literacy means. A process of measurement is multistage, and requires of researchers, for example, a definition of the measurement's area and a definition of assessing competencies, specifying their proficiency levels and performance criteria. Moreover, successful measurement of media literacy depends on appropriate selection methods and tools of measurement. Most of them are of a quantitative and self‐assessment nature (carried out in small groups of respondents), which does not provide for accurate measurement of media literacy outcomes.
Preschool Children and Media
Authors: Ciboci Lana , Osmančević Leali
Published: May 2019

Children of preschool age start to use the media in their first years of life. They spend with media from two to three hours each day, mostly on television (especially animated movies) and the Internet (primarily YouTube). Given the inexperience of children of that age and their cognitive development, which still does not allow them to distinguish completely reality from fiction, it is important to start developing the critical skills of children, especially through play and through conversations with parents, and to point out all the positive, but also all the potentially negative, media effects.
Social Media as Media Literacy
Authors: Kimbrough Amanda M. , Guadagno Rosanna E.
Published: May 2019

Social media have changed the way individuals communicate in the 21st century. With the rise of this new technology, people's ability to access, analyze, evaluate, and create media or become media‐literate is more important than ever. This entry showcases how individuals can apply the tenets of media literacy to their online social networking personas by reviewing the existing literature on social media as media literacy. Topics reviewed include the presentation of identity online, maintaining interpersonal relationships, dissemination of information to networked others, and the ability to validate online sources from both individuals and third‐party sources.
Social Semiotics
Authors: Gualberto Clarice , Kress Gunther
Published: May 2019

This entry provides a brief overview of social semiotics. It begins with a brief historical account, presents some major texts, and mentions research that has contributed to the development of the theory. Key concepts are introduced—such as mode, interest, sign, design, semiotic work, text, and meaning‐making. The issues of literacy and education are discussed under a social semiotic perspective, showing how these fields are related to each other. An example from teaching–learning practice is used to exemplify some of the concepts.
Intercalation of Layered Materials from Bulk to 2D
Authors: Stark Madeline S. , Kuntz Kaci L. , Martens Sean J. , Warren Scott C.
Published: May 2019

Intercalation in few‐layer (2D) materials is a rapidly growing area of research to develop next‐generation energy‐storage and optoelectronic devices, including batteries, sensors, transistors, and electrically tunable displays. Identifying fundamental differences between intercalation in bulk and 2D materials will play a key role in developing functional devices. Herein, advances in few‐layer intercalation are addressed in the historical context of bulk intercalation. First, synthesis methods and structural properties are discussed, emphasizing electrochemical techniques, the mechanism of intercalation, and the formation of a solid‐electrolyte interphase. To address fundamental differences between bulk and 2D materials, scaling relationships describe how intercalation kinetics, structure, and electronic and optical properties depend on material thickness and lateral dimension. Here, diffusion rates, pseudocapacity, limits of staging, and electronic structure are compared for bulk and 2D materials. Next, the optoelectronic properties are summarized, focusing on charge transfer, conductivity, and electronic structure. For energy devices, opportunities also emerge to design van der Waals heterostructures with high capacities and excellent cycling performance. Initial studies of heterostructured electrodes are compared to state‐of‐the‐art battery materials. Finally, challenges and opportunities are presented for 2D materials in energy and optoelectronic applications, along with promising research directions in synthesis and characterization to engineer 2D materials for superior devices.
Perovskite Grains Embraced in a Soft Fullerene Network Make Highly Efficient Flexible Solar Cells with Superior Mechanical Stability
Authors: Li Meng , Yang Ying‐Guo , Wang Zhao‐Kui , Kang Tin , Wang Qiong , Turren‐Cruz Silver‐Hamill , Gao Xing‐Yu , Hsu Chain‐Shu , Liao Liang‐Sheng , Abate Antonio
Published: May 2019

Halide perovskite films processed from solution at low‐temperature offer promising opportunities to make flexible solar cells. However, the brittleness of perovskite films is an issue for mechanical stability in flexible devices. Herein, photo‐crosslinked [6,6]‐phenylC61‐butyric oxetane dendron ester (C‐PCBOD) is used to improve the mechanical stability of methylammonium lead iodide (MAPbI3) perovskite films. Also, it is demonstrated that C‐PCBOD passivates the grain boundaries, which reduces the formation of trap states and enhances the environmental stability of MAPbI3. Thus, MAPbI3 perovskite solar cells are prepared on solid and flexible substrates with record efficiencies of 20.4% and 18.1%, respectively, which are among the highest ever reported for MAPbI3 on both flexible and solid substrates. The result of this work provides a step improvement toward stable and efficient flexible perovskite solar cells.
Understanding the Effects of Molecular Dopant on n‐Type Organic Thermoelectric Properties
Authors: Un Hio‐Ieng , Gregory Shawn A. , Mohapatra Swagat K. , Xiong Miao , Longhi Elena , Lu Yang , Rigin Sergei , Jhulki Samik , Yang Chi‐Yuan , Timofeeva Tatiana V. , Wang Jie‐Yu , Yee Shannon K. , Barlow Stephen , Marder Seth R. , Pei Jian
Published: May 2019

Molecular doping is a powerful method to fine‐tune the thermoelectric properties of organic semiconductors, in particular to impart the requisite electrical conductivity. The incorporation of molecular dopants can, however, perturb the microstructure of semicrystalline organic semiconductors, which complicates the development of a detailed understanding of structure–property relationships. To better understand how the doping pathway and the resulting dopant counterion influence the thermoelectric performance and transport properties, a new dimer dopant, (N‐DMBI)2, is developed. Subsequently, FBDPPV is then n‐doped with dimer dopants (N‐DMBI)2, (RuCp*mes)2, and the hydride‐donor dopant N‐DMBI‐H. By comparing the UV–vis–NIR absorption spectra and morphological characteristics of the doped polymers, it is found that not only the doping mechanism, but also the shape of the counterion strongly influence the thermoelectric properties and transport characteristics. (N‐DMBI)2, which is a direct electron‐donating dopant with a comparatively small, relatively planar counterion, gives the best power factor among the three systems studied here. Additionally, temperature‐dependent conductivity and Seebeck coefficient measurements differ between the three dopants with (N‐DMBI)2 yielding the best thermoelectric properties. The results of this study of dopant effects on thermoelectric properties provide insight into guidelines for future organic thermoelectrics.