bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dickkopf1 Up-Regulation Induced by a High Concentration of Dexamethasone Promotes Rat Tendon Stem Cells to Differentiate Into Adipocytes
Authors: Chen Wan , Tang Hong , Liu Xiangzhou , Zhou Mei , Zhang Jiqiang , Tang Kanglai
Published: November 2015

Background/Aims: Dexamethasone (Dex)-induced spontaneous tendon rupture and decreased self-repair capability is very common in clinical practice. The metaplasia of adipose tissue in the ruptured tendon indicates that Dex may induce tendon stem cells (TSCs) to differentiate into adipocytes, but the mechanism remains unclear. In the present study, we used in vitro methods to investigate the effects of Dex on rat TSC differentiation and the molecular mechanisms underlying this process. Methods: First, we used qPCR and Western blotting to detect the expression of the adipogenic differentiation markers aP2 and C/EBPα after treating the TSCs with Dex. Oil red staining was used to confirm that high concentration Dex promoted adipogenic differentiation of rat TSCs. Next, we used qPCR and Western blotting to detect the effect of a high concentration of dexamethasone on molecules related to the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway in TSCs. Results: Treating rat TSCs with Dex promoted the synthesis of the inhibitory molecule dickkopf1 (DKK1) at the mRNA and protein levels. Western blotting results further showed that Dex downregulated the cellular signaling molecule phosphorylated glycogen synthase kinase-3β (P-GSK-3 β (ser9)), upregulated P-GSK-3β (tyr216), and downregulated the pivotal signaling molecule β-catenin. Furthermore, DKK1 knockdown attenuated Dex-induced inhibition of the canonical WNT/β-catenin pathway and of the adipogenic differentiation of TSCs. Lithium chloride (LiCl, a GSK-3β inhibitor) reduced Dex-induced inhibition of the classical WNT/β-catenin pathway in TSCs and of the differentiation of TSCs to adipocytes. Conclusion: In conclusion, by upregulating DKK1 expression, reducing the level of P-GSK-3β (ser9), and increasing the level of P-GSK-3β (tyr216), Dex causes the degradation of β-catenin, the central molecule of the classical WNT pathway, thereby inducing rat TSCs to differentiate into adipocytes.
New and Future Directions in Integrative Medicine Research Methods with a Focus on Aging Populations: A Review
Authors: Knowles Lindsey M. , Skeath Perry , Jia Min , Najafi Bijan , Thayer Julian , Sternberg Esther M.
Published: November 2015

This review discusses existing and developing state-of-the-art noninvasive methods for quantifying the effects of integrative medicine (IM) in aging populations. The medical conditions of elderly patients are often more complex than those of younger adults, making the multifaceted approach of IM particularly suitable for aging populations. However, because IM interventions are multidimensional, it has been difficult to examine their effectiveness and mechanisms of action. Optimal assessment of IM intervention effects in the elderly should include a multifaceted approach, utilizing advanced analytic methods to integrate psychological, behavioral, physiological, and biomolecular measures of a patient's response to IM treatment. Research is presented describing methods for collecting and analyzing psychological data; wearable unobtrusive devices for monitoring heart rate variability, activity and other behavioral responses in real time; immunochemical methods for noninvasive molecular biomarker analysis, and considerations and analytical approaches for the integration of these measures. The combination of methods and devices presented in this review will provide new approaches for evaluating the effects of IM interventions in real-life ambulatory settings of older adults, and will extend the concept of mobile health to the domains of IM and healthy aging.
Usefulness of the Macruz Index for Predicting Successful Percutaneous Mitral Balloon Valvuloplasty in Patients with Mitral Stenosis
Authors: Balcı Kevser Gülcihan , Balcı Mustafa Mücahit , Maden Orhan , Şen Fatih , Akboga Mehmet Kadri , Açar Burak , Kara Meryem , Açıkgöz Sadık Kadri , Selcuk Hatice , Selcuk Mehmet Timur
Published: November 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether the Macruz index (P/P-R segment) could predict the severity of valvular involvement and the success of percutaneous mitral balloon valvuloplasty (PMBV) in patients with mitral stenosis (MS). Subjects and Methods: Sixty-one patients with MS eligible for PMBV and 72 healthy subjects (61 females and 11 males) with sinus rhythm were enrolled into this study. PMBV was performed in all patients using a percutaneous transseptal antegrade approach and a multitrack balloon technique. The P/P-R segment ratio and echocardiographic variables were measured before and 48-72 h after the procedure. The optimal cutoff point for differences in the Macruz index to determine clinical success was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic analysis by calculating the area under the curve as giving the maximum sum of sensitivity and specificity for the significant test. Results: In the patient group (mean age 42.9 ± 11.1 years), the preprocedural Macruz index was significantly higher than in the control group (2.79 ± 1.03 vs. 1.29 ± 0.11; p < 0.001). In the successful-procedure group (n = 53), the mean postindex value was significantly lower (2.12 ± 0.71 vs. 2.81 ± 1.0, p = 0.020), and the decrease in the Macruz index was significantly higher than in the unsuccessful-procedure group (p = 0.007). An index decrease of 0.105 was the best cutoff value to distinguish the successful-PMBV group from the unsuccessful- PMBV group (area under the curve = 0.888, 95% confidence interval 0.788-0.988, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The Macruz index was significantly higher in patients with MS compared to healthy subjects. A greater decrease in the Macruz index was associated with a successful PMBV.
Novel Pathways of Apolipoprotein A-I Metabolism in High-Density Lipoprotein of Different Sizes in Humans
Authors: Mendivil Carlos O. , Furtado Jeremy , Morton Allyson M. , Wang Liyun , Sacks Frank M.
Published: November 2015

Objective—

A prevailing concept is that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is secreted into the systemic circulation as a small mainly discoidal particle, which expands progressively and becomes spherical by uptake and esterification of cellular cholesterol and then contracts by cholesterol ester delivery to the liver, a process known as reverse cholesterol transport, thought to be impaired in people with low HDL cholesterol (HDLc). This metabolic framework has not been established in humans.

Approach and Results—

We studied the metabolism of apolipoprotein A-I in 4 standard HDL sizes by endogenous isotopic labeling in 6 overweight adults with low HDLc and in 6 adults with normal body weight with high plasma HDLc. Contrary to expectation, HDL was secreted into the circulation in its entire size distribution from very small to very large similarly in both groups. Very small (prebeta) HDL comprised only 8% of total apolipoprotein A-I secretion. Each HDL subfraction circulated mostly within its secreted size range for 1 to 4 days and then was cleared. Enlargement of very small and medium to large and very large HDL and generation of very small from medium HDL were minor metabolic pathways. Prebeta HDL was cleared slower, whereas medium, large, and very large HDL were cleared faster in the low HDLc group.

Conclusions—

A new model is proposed from these results in which HDL is metabolized in plasma mainly within several discrete, stable sizes across the common range of HDLc concentrations.
Effect of Short-Term Steroid Therapy on Early Recurrence During the Blanking Period After Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Kim Yoo Ri , Nam Gi-Byoung , Han Seungbong , Kim Sung-Hwan , Kim Ki-Hun , Lee Sulhee , Kim Jun , Choi Kee-Joon , Kim You-Ho
Published: November 2015

Background—

Early recurrence (ER) of atrial tachyarrhythmias during the first 3 months (blanking period) after atrial fibrillation ablation can be highly symptomatic, often requiring emergency treatment. Short-term steroid therapy may suppress ER during the blanking period.

Methods and Results—

We prospectively enrolled 138 patients who were randomly assigned to 2 groups (steroid group and control group). An intravenous bolus of 0.5 mg/kg of methylprednisolone for 2 days followed by 12 mg daily of oral methylprednisolone for 4 days was given to the steroid group patients. The primary end point was ER during the blanking period (3 months post ablation). During the blanking period, 51 of the 138 (37.0%) patients experienced ER after atrial fibrillation ablation. The steroid group had a lower rate of ER than the control group (15/64 [23.4%] versus 36/74 [48.6%],
P
=0.003). There was no difference between the 2 groups about late recurrence during a 24-month follow-up (log-rank test,
P
=0.918). In a multivariate analysis, short-term steroid therapy was independently associated with a lower rate of ER during the blanking period (adjusted OR, 0.45; 95% confidence interval, 0.25–0.83;
P
=0.01).

Conclusions—

Periprocedural short-term moderate intensity steroid therapy reduces ER (≈3 months) after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation. It is not effective in preventing late (3≈24 m) atrial fibrillation recurrence.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
www.who.int/ictrp
; Unique identifier: KCT0000107.
Time‐Course Analysis of Flow Mediated Dilation for the Evaluation of Endothelial Function After a High‐Fat Meal in African Americans
Authors: Marinos Alejandro , Celedonio Jorge E. , Ramirez Claudia E. , Gottlieb JoAnn , Gamboa Alfredo , Hui Nian , Yu Chang , Michael Stein C. , Biaggioni Italo , Shibao Cyndya A.
Published: November 2015

Background

Flow‐mediated dilation (
FMD
) is used to assess endothelial function through changes in vascular diameter after hyperemia. High‐fat meal (
HFM
) has been shown to induce endothelial dysfunction; recent studies, however, reported conflicting results in obese African American women (
AAW
). Differences in the method used to analyze
FMD
may explain these discrepancies.

Methods and Results

In protocol 1, we assessed the time course of
FMD
and compared the repeatability of
FMD
using the individual maximum peak dilation (
FMD
peak
) and the dilation at 60 seconds (
FMD
60
). Sixteen
AAW
(age, 42±10.4 years; body mass index [
BMI],
39±5.8 kg/m
2
) were studied on 2 occasions, 4 weeks apart, under fasting conditions (study 1 and study 2). In protocol 2, we used the most repeatable measurement from protocol 1 to assess changes in endothelial function after an
HFM
in 17
AAW
(agen 42±11.1 years;
BMIn
38±5.6 kg/m
2
). We found that
FMD
peak
was the most repeatable measurement (N=16; study 1, 5.31±3.12% and study 2, 5.80±2.91%;
r
=0.94). After an
HFM
, the baseline brachial artery diameter significantly increased at 2 hours (0.10 mm; 95% confidence interval [
CI
], 0.01–0.18;
P
=0.03) and at 4 hours (0.17 mm; 95%
CI
, 0.09–0.25;
P
<0.001). At 2 hours, the
FMD
peak
decreased compared with pre‐
HFM
(−1.76; 95%
CI
, −3.55–0.02;
P≤
0.05).

Conclusions

The individual's maximum peak dilation after hyperemia is the most consistent measure to assess the effect of an
HFM
on endothelial function. Endothelial dysfunction occurred at 2 hours after an
HFM
in
AAW
.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
https://clinicaltrials.gov/
Unique identifiers:
NCT
01334554 and
NCT
02126735.
Embodied Techniques
Authors: Newman Judith H.
Published: November 2015

This article explores the significance of the posture of full prostration by the Maskil that appears uniquely in association with him in the Hodayot. Using theoretical frameworks from ritual studies and embodied cognition, as well as traditional philological work, I argue that the Maskil’s prostration summons the cultural memory of Moses as chief intercessor. This embodied technique serves not only to form the self of the leader in relation to the Yaḥad, but shapes the community that worships with him in the gathered assembly.
Religious Experience and the Discipline of Imagination
Authors: Grossman Maxine L.
Published: November 2015

Tanya Luhrmann’s explorations of religious consciousness address the structures of bodily, cognitive, and emotional discipline that contribute in specific ways to the cultivation of a particular experience of religious phenomena as real. Attention to Luhrmann’s methods provides a new set of tools for exploring dynamics of religious experience in an ancient Jewish context. The example of Philo’s Therapeutae serves as counterpoint for a discussion of disciplinary practices in the sectarian Dead Sea Scrolls. Evidence for the disciplines of silent patient listening and tolerance for public judgment in the scrolls, along with descriptions of intensive study and prayer-practices suggest an atmosphere in which sectarians might have been primed to experience divine revelation, most likely through the authority of an angelic mediator. Attention to religious experience provides insights not only into sectarian life but also into some possible dynamics underlying the composition and development of textual traditions.
Watch out or relax: conspecifics affect vigilance in wild spider monkeys (Ateles geoffroyi)
Authors: Busia Laura , Schaffner Colleen M. , Aureli Filippo
Published: November 2015

In most animal species, predation risk is considered the main factor affecting vigilance, and an individual is expected to spend less time vigilant in larger than in smaller groups. However, vigilance patterns in primates appear to differ, with no consistency in group-size effects. As individuals in highly gregarious species such as diurnal primates face frequent threats from group members, there may be increased vigilance in larger groups to monitor conspecifics rather than or in addition to predators. We tested this hypothesis in wild spider monkeys, which live in communities but fission and fuse in subgroups of variable size and membership throughout the same day. We found no overall effect of subgroup size, as traditionally measured, on vigilance. However, a possible explanation is that vigilance may be effectively shared only with individuals in close proximity, rather than with all subgroup members. We found that a larger number of neighbours (i.e., subgroup members within 5 m) was associated with a lower proportion of time individuals spent vigilant, which is similar to findings in other studies. Another social factor that may affect individuals’ vigilance is the possibility of between-community encounters. Higher levels of vigilance can be expected in areas closer to the boundary of the home range, where between-community encounters are more likely to occur compared with non-boundary areas. We found that location in terms of boundary vs. non-boundary areas had a significant effect on the time individuals spent vigilant in the expected direction. We also found that location modulated the effect of subgroup size on vigilance: only in the boundary areas did larger subgroup sizes result in less individual vigilance time. We concluded that conspecifics affect vigilance of wild spider monkeys in multiple ways.
Molecular cloning, characterization, and immune response against white spot syndrome virus and Taura syndrome virus infections of peroxiredoxin in Litopenaeus vannamei and its antioxidant activity
Authors: Zeng Digang , Peng Min , Chen Xiuli , Yang Chunling , Chen Xiaohan , Li Yongmei , Zhao Yongzhen
Published: November 2015

Peroxiredoxin (Prx) is an important peroxidase that can protect organisms against various oxidative stresses. In this study, a member of Prx family, designated LvPrx, was cloned fromLitopenaeus vannamei. Sequence and phylogenetic analyses indicated that LvPrx belongs to the 2-Cys Prx (Prx IV) isoform. The recombinant LvPrx protein was constructed and expressed inEscherichia coli, and the purified LvPrx proteins were shown to reduce H2O2in vitro in the presence of dithiothreitol, indicating that LvPrx is a functional peroxiredoxin. Using qRT-PCR, the mRNA expression levels of LvPrx were determined in the haemocytes ofL. vannameiat different stages after being challenged with WSSV and TSV at different doses. The results showed that the expression levels of LvPrx were significantly up-regulated () during 4-24 h after both WSSV and TSV challenge, suggesting that LvPrx may participate in the shrimp’s immune response to viral infection.
Redescription of Tharyx killariensis (Southern) from Ireland and description of two new species of Tharyx from the Kattegat, Sweden (Polychaeta, Cirratulidae)
Authors: BLAKE JAMES A. , GÖRANSSON PETER
Published: November 2015

Two new species of the cirratulid genus Tharyx are reported from shallow waters in the Kattegat inshore Sweden. In addition, the lectotype of Tharyx killariensis (Southern, 1914) is redescribed resulting in a revised concept of the noto- and neuropodial acicular spines of posterior parapodia for that species. These spines were originally reported as bidentate crotchets with sharply pointed teeth; in reality the spines have blunt, knob-shaped tips, typical of several other species of Tharyx. Both of the new species are atypical for the genus Tharyx. T. maryae n. sp. has an expanded posterior end more typical of the genus Aphelochaeta, but otherwise shares characters of Tharyx. T. robustus n. sp. has a body shape that is consistently broad and dorsoventrally flattened throughout, rather than elongate and narrow as in other species of the genus. Both of the new species, however, have short, blunt-tipped spines in far posterior parapodia. With the addition of the two new species, the genus Tharyx now includes 11 species that are compared and contrasted. Morphology that defines and characterizes species of Tharyx is reviewed.
Description of a new species of Oligosita Walker (Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae), egg parasitoid of Balclutha brevis Lindberg (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) living on Pennisetum setaceum, from Italy
Authors: BELLA SALVATORE , CUPANI SEBASTIANO , D’URSO VERA , LAUDONIA STEFANIA , SINNO MARTINA , VIGGIANI GENNARO
Published: November 2015

A new species of Oligosita Walker (Chalcidoidea: Trichogrammatidae), O. balcluthae Viggiani et Laudonia n. sp., is described as a parasitoid of the eggs of Balclutha brevis Lindberg (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) associated with crimson fountain grass, Pennisetum setaceum (Poaceae) in Italy. Morphological features and biology of the new species are discussed and illustrated. The 28S-D2 and ITS2 regions were successfully amplified and sequenced.
All Sonic Anemometers Need to Correct for Transducer and Structural Shadowing in Their Velocity Measurements
Authors: Frank John M. , Massman William J. , Swiatek Edward , Zimmerman Herb A. , Ewers Brent E.
Published: November 2015

Sonic anemometry is fundamental to all eddy-covariance studies of surface energy and ecosystem carbon and water balance. Recent studies have shown that some nonorthogonal anemometers underestimate vertical wind. Here it is hypothesized that this is due to a lack of transducer and structural shadowing correction. This is tested with a replicated intercomparison experiment between orthogonal (K-probe, Applied Technologies, Inc.) and nonorthogonal (A-probe, Applied Technologies, Inc.; and CSAT3 and CSAT3V, Campbell Scientific, Inc.) anemometer designs. For each of the 12 weeks, five randomly selected and located anemometers were mounted both vertically and horizontally. Bayesian analysis was used to test differences between half-hourly anemometer measurements of the standard deviation of wind (σu, συ, and σw) and temperature, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), the ratio between vertical/horizontal TKE (VHTKE), and sensible heat flux (H). Datasets were analyzed with various applications of transducer shadow correction. Using the manufacturer’s current recommendations, orthogonal anemometers partitioned higher VHTKE and measured about 8%–9% higher σw and ~10% higher H. This difference can be mitigated by adding shadow correction to nonorthogonal anemometers. The horizontal manipulation challenged each anemometer to measure the three dimensions consistently, which allowed for testing two hypotheses explaining the underestimate in vertical wind. While measurements were essentially unchanged when the orthogonal anemometers were mounted sideways, the nonorthogonal anemometers changed substantially and confirmed the lack of shadow correction. Considering the ubiquity of nonorthogonal anemometers, these results are consequential across flux networks and could potentially explain half of the ~20% missing energy that is typical at most flux sites.
Diagnosing Model Errors from Time-Averaged Tendencies in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model
Authors: Cavallo Steven M. , Berner Judith , Snyder Chris
Published: November 2015

Accurate predictions in numerical weather models depend on the ability to accurately represent physical processes across a wide range of scales. This paper evaluates the utility of model time tendencies, averaged over many forecasts at a given lead time, to diagnose systematic forecast biases in the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model during the 2010 North Atlantic hurricane season using continuously cycled ensemble data assimilation (DA). Erroneously strong low-level heating originates from the planetary boundary layer parameterization as a consequence of using fixed sea surface temperatures, impacting the upward surface sensible heat fluxes. Warm temperature bias is observed with a magnitude 0.5 K in a deep tropospheric layer centered 700 hPa, originating primarily from the Kain–Fritsch convective parameterization.

This study is the first to diagnose systematic forecast bias in a limited-area mesoscale model using its forecast tendencies. Unlike global models where relatively fewer time steps typically encompass a DA cycling period, averaging all short-term forecast tendencies can require potentially large data. It is shown that 30-min averaging intervals can sufficiently represent the systematic model bias in this modeling configuration when initializing forecasts from an ensemble member that is generated using a DA system with an identical model configuration. However, the number of time steps before model error begins to dominate initial condition (IC) errors may vary between modeling configurations. Model and IC error are indistinguishable in short-term forecasts when initialized from the ensemble mean, a global analysis from a different model, and an ensemble member using a different parameterization.
A novel splicing mutation in the albumin gene (c.270+1G>T) causes analbuminaemia in a German infant
Authors: Caridi Gianluca , Thomas Wolfgang , Campagnoli Monica , Lugani Francesca , Galliano Monica , Minchiotti Lorenzo
Published: November 2015

Congenital analbuminaemia is a rare autosomal recessive disorder manifested by the presence of a very low amount of circulating serum albumin. The clinical diagnosis may be challenging because of the absence of unambiguous symptoms and because hypoalbuminemia may have many causes different from a genetic lack of the protein. We describe the clinical and molecular characterization of a new case of congenital analbuminaemia in an infant of apparently non-consanguineous parents from Treves, Germany. For molecular diagnosis, we used our strategy, based on the screening of the albumin gene by single-strand conformation polymorphism, heteroduplex analysis and direct DNA sequencing, which revealed that the proband is homozygous and both parents are heterozygous, for a novel G > T transversion at nucleotide c.270+ 1, the first base of intron 3. The mutation inactivates the strongly conserved GT dinucleotide at the 5′ splice site consensus sequence of this intron. In conclusion, we report the clinical findings and the molecular defect of this case, which contributes to a better understanding of the biological mechanism of congenital analbuminaemia.
Output Upstreamness and Input Downstreamness of Industries/Countries in World Production
Authors: Miller Ronald E. , Temurshoev Umed
Published: November 2015

Using the world input–output tables available from the World Input–Output Database project, we quantify production line positions of thirty-five industries for forty countries and the rest of the world region over 1995 to 2011. In contrast to the previous related literature, we do not focus only on the output supply chain but also consider sectors’ input demand chains. This distinction is important because both these chains jointly constitute the entire production process, and the output sales structure of each sector is generally different from the structure of its inputs purchases. We use the output upstreamness (OU) measure of Antràs et al. and our proposed input downstreamness (ID) measure to quantify industry relative position, respectively, along the global output supply chain and the global input demand chain. Focusing on time variation, we find that potential input–output data uncertainties do not affect the observed patterns of the average OU and ID changes for the vast majority of countries and sectors. Further, for most countries the increase in OUs/IDs over time is found to be driven by a rise in cross-border intermediates sales/purchases.
Pediatric heart transplant for unresectable primary cardiac tumor
Authors: Prakash Rajakumar Anjith , Ejaz Ahmed Sheriff , Varghese Roy , Kothandam Sivakumar , Murmu Udaya Charan , Sethuratnam Rajan
Published: November 2015

Surgery for primary cardiac tumors in children includes complete resection, partial resection, and cardiac transplantation. A pediatric heart transplant in this setting is associated with significantly higher mortality and poorer long-term outcome, and it is reserved for unresectable tumors. We recently performed an emergency pediatric heart transplant in a 7-year-old boy with an unresectable cardiac fibroma in the left ventricle.
Pseudoaneurysm fistulized into pulmonary artery 13 years after aortic surgery
Authors: Muretti Mirko , Massi Francesco , Coradduzza Enrico , Portoghese Michele
Published: November 2015

Pseudoaneurysm formation some years after aortic root or ascending aorta surgery, complicated by fistula formation through a branch of the pulmonary artery, is a rare condition described only in case reports. We describe a case of this rare complication in a 58-year-old man, which occurred 13 years after aortic surgery and was characterized by a huge pseudoaneurysm of 70 mm that fistulized into the right pulmonary artery, causing a life-threatening situation.
Outcome of surgery in patients with solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura
Authors: Fattahi Masuom Seyed Hossein , Bagheri Reza , Sadrizadeh Ali , Nouri Dalouee Marziyeh , Taherian Ali , Rajaie Zahra
Published: November 2015

Background

Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura is rare, and the origin is submesothelial tissue. These tumors are seen in lung infrequently, and most are benign. We report our experience in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura.

Methods

We studied 13 patients (6 men and 7 women, aged 26 to 76 years) with a diagnosis of benign solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura who were operated on from 2001 to 2014. One had a recurrent tumor after 10 years, and the others had primary tumors. Our approach was complete resection in all cases.

Results

After surgical excision, the most essential characteristic on histopathology was a neoplastic lesion composed of spindle-shaped tumor cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and eosinophilic bands of collagen. On immunohistochemical analysis, the cells were positive for desmin and negative for actin, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and CD117.

Conclusions

The essential step in the treatment of a patient with a diagnosis of benign solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura is complete resection. These patients should be followed up for a long time because of the possibility of late recurrence. Due to the rarity of these tumors, there has been no systematic assessment of the role of adjuvant therapy for benign solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura.
Foucault, Weber, Neoliberalism and the Politics of Governmentality
Authors: Flew Terry
Published: November 2015

This paper argues that Michel Foucault’s lectures that form The Birth of Biopolitics owe a considerable debt to the thought of Max Weber, particularly in their analysis of how different socio-legal regimes shape distinctive national forms of capitalist economies, and the role that is played by social and economic institutions in the shaping of individual identities. This is in contrast to a common interpretation of Foucault’s account of neoliberalism, which synthesizes his work into neo-Marxist notions of hegemony and capitalist domination. It also identifies Foucault’s approach to neoliberalism as an exploratory one, which considers insights into how a particular relationship between ideas and institutional practices may help in imagining socialist forms of government practice.
Elected Officials Travel in Parallel Universes Regarding the Affordable Care Act
Authors: Elwood Thomas W.
Published: November 2015

This authoritative appraisal of the much debated U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, often referred to as Obamacare, describes the controversy, support, and opposition from federal and state governments during the first 5.5 years since the law was passed. Its history, the impact on individual and community health status, the limitations of health reform, its accomplishments and deficiencies, and the impact of societal determinants on program implementation are presented in a refreshing, candid, objective, and knowledgeable manner.
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in the differentiation of endometriomas from hemorrhagic cysts in the ovary
Authors: Lee Nam Kyung , Kim Suk , Kim Ki Hyung , Suh Dong Soo , Kim Tae Un , Han Ga Jin , Lee Ji Won , Kim Jin You
Published: November 2015

Background

The classic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) feature of endometriomas is the shading sign, which is characterized by T2-shortening in ovarian cystic lesions that are hyperintense on T1-weighted images. The shading sign is infrequently observed in hemorrhagic ovarian cysts.

Purpose

To investigate the value of MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for distinguishing endometriomas from hemorrhagic cysts in the ovary.

Material and Methods

This retrospective study included 91 patients with 98 ovarian endometriomas and 21 hemorrhagic ovarian cysts that were confirmed pathologically, who had undergone MRI with DWI. Two radiologists compared MRI features, including size, bilaterality, multilocularity, the shading sign, the ovarian lesion/muscle signal intensity ratio at T2-weighted images, and T2 dark spots, between endometriomas and hemorrhagic cysts. We also compared the mean ADC value between endometriomas and hemorrhagic cysts, and determined the optimal cutoff ADC value for differentiating endometriomas from hemorrhagic cysts.

Results

The size and mean ADC values were significantly different between endometriomas and hemorrhagic cysts. The mean ADC values of endometriomas and hemorrhagic cysts were 1.06 ± 0.38 × 10 −3 mm2/s and 0.73 ± 0.29 × 10−3 mm2/s, respectively ( P < 0.002). The optimal cutoff ADC value for differentiating endometriomas from hemorrhagic cysts was 0.849 × 10−3 mm2/s (sensitivity, 77.6%; specificity, 76.2%).

Conclusion

The addition of DWI could help in differentiating endometriomas from hemorrhagic cysts in the ovary, when conventional MRI is challenging.
An approach for handling individual customer preferences and emotional needs – Yielding 3D product assembly generation
Authors: Göloğlu Cevdet , Zurnacı Erman
Published: November 2015

The development of fully personalised product design solutions for customers is hindered by lack of a satisfactory means of interaction. Mass production techniques used by manufacturing firms cannot be applied for user-centred design. A stronger interaction between customer and product can only be achieved when the customer guides the product generation via individual preferences and emotional needs. The aim of this article is to introduce a Kansei engineering (KE)-based methodology that involves customers in the product generation process by taking their preferences and emotional needs into account. The methodology is integrated by a CAD environment to provide a 3D dynamic product representation which is generated by individual customer preferences via fuzzy logic (FL) reasoning. For validation, the methodology was demonstrated by using the case study of an ironing board. Both functional and emotional needs were handled by KE implementation. By combining KE and FL, the methodology enabled the multiple quantitative demands of the customer to be addressed in order to generate a more personalised product in a responsive manner. Located in shopping venues, fixed and mobile stations for the customer decision-making process could facilitate increased customer satisfaction without need of a customer assistance desk.
Bifurcation analysis of the asymmetric rolling missiles
Authors: Sun Huadong , Yu Jianqiao , Zhang Siyu
Published: November 2015

A nonlinear coupling roll-yaw motion general model for small aerodynamic asymmetric rolling missiles is presented to reveal the motion behavior of lock-in and catastrophic yaw in this research. And subsequently, local bifurcation and global bifurcation are both introduced to investigate the principle of lock-in quantitatively and qualitatively. Local dimension reduction of center manifold theorem is applied to analyze the local bifurcation and the stability. Numerical method is performed to investigate global bifurcation and roll lock-in motion. Typical topological models are established to indicate the fundamental mechanisms and characteristics of different dynamic motions. Global domains of attraction of multiple lock-in attractors of the system are determined by numerical method of point mapping under cell reference, and the initial conditions causing lock-in behavior are predicted.
A Survey of Hospice and Palliative Care Physicians Regarding Palliative Sedation Practices
Authors: Lux Michael R. , Protus Bridget McCrate , Kimbrel Jason , Grauer Phyllis
Published: November 2015

Context:

Patients nearing the end of life may experience symptoms that are refractory to standard therapeutic options. Physicians may consider palliative sedation to relieve intolerable suffering. There is limited clinical literature regarding preferred medications for palliative sedation.

Objectives:

To determine the preferred medications physicians use when implementing palliative sedation.

Methods:

An Internet-based, cross-sectional survey of hospice and palliative care physicians in the United States.

Results:

A link to the survey was e-mailed to 3130 physician members of the American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine, of which 381 physicians completed the survey. Physicians were not required to answer all questions. Nearly all (n = 335, 99%) respondents indicated that palliative sedation may be used (acceptable by 73% [n = 248] for refractory symptoms and acceptable by 26% [n = 87] only for imminently dying patients). Seventy-nine percent (n = 252) believed that opioids should not be used to induce palliative sedation but should be continued to provide pain control. Midazolam was the most commonly selected first-line choice for palliative sedation (n = 155, 42%). The most commonly reported second-line agents for the induction of palliative sedation were lorazepam, midazolam (for those who did not select midazolam as first-line agent), and phenobarbital with a reported preference of 20% (n = 49), 19% (n = 46), and 17% (n = 40), respectively.

Conclusion:

Of the physicians surveyed, 99% (n = 335) felt that palliative sedation is a reasonable treatment modality. Midazolam was considered a drug of choice for inducing and maintaining sedation, and opioids were continued for pain control.
Localized atrophy of the thalamus and slowed cognitive processing speed in MS patients
Authors: Bergsland Niels , Zivadinov Robert , Dwyer Michael G , Weinstock-Guttman Bianca , Benedict Ralph HB
Published: November 2015

Background:

Deep gray matter (DGM) atrophy is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), but no studies have investigated surface-based structure changes over time with respect to healthy controls (HCs). Moreover, the relationship between cognition and the spatio-temporal evolution of DGM atrophy is poorly understood.

Objectives:

To explore DGM structural differences between MS and HCs over time in relation to neuropsychological (NP) outcomes.

Methods:

The participants were 44 relapsing-remitting and 20 secondary progressive MS patients and 22 HCs. All were scanned using 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) at baseline and 3-year follow-up. NP examination emphasized consensus standard tests of processing speed and memory. We performed both volumetric and shape analysis of DGM structures and assessed their relationships with cognition.

Results:

Compared to HCs, MS patients presented with significantly smaller DGM volumes. For the thalamus and caudate, differences in shape were mostly localized along the lateral ventricles. NP outcomes were related to both volume and shape of the DGM structures. Over 3 years, decreased cognitive processing speed was related to localized atrophy on the anterior and superior surface of the left thalamus.

Conclusions:

These findings highlight the role of atrophy in the anterior nucleus of the thalamus and its relation to cognitive decline in MS.
Running With Zombies
Authors: Witkowski Emma
Published: November 2015

This is a study on the aesthetics and embodied spatial experiences of running. Investigated here are questions on how bodies navigate local terrain through the practice of running, and how running bodies are made visible as networked and gendered agents moving in their public space. It is a qualitative study of networked movement, a feel of running, where the footwork of women in particular is located. To consider such textures of movement, this research works from a phenomenologically inspired sociology of running with a specific playful app in hand, Zombies, Run! This work suggests how playfulness tied to the very basic action of forward movement can cultivate new understandings of being in the world through other kinds of running body practices, prompting new attentions to movement, public space, and one’s position and mobility within it as a gendered body on the run.
The Role of Intergovernmental Organizations in the “Battle over Framing”
Authors: Rettig Elai , Avraham Eli
Published: November 2015

Current studies focusing on the media’s coverage of international conflicts have largely overlooked the important role that intergovernmental bodies may play in their framing. Still missing is an examination of how and to what degree do actions performed by such bodies help define the way journalists report on ongoing conflicts. We claim that in the absence of credible state actors to rely on for information during conflict, journalists will turn to statements made by international bodies as alternative sources of authority to shape their reporting. This study uses framing theory to examine how the United Nations General Assembly and the International Court of Justice (ICJ) became the primary definers for the international media during its coverage of the Israeli–West Bank separation barrier. Using a combination of qualitative and quantitative content analysis, we examine the major news items related to the barrier that appeared between the years 2002 and 2011 in four leading newspapers in the United States and the United Kingdom ( New York Times, Washington Post, Guardian, and the Times). We determine what main media frames were being used during coverage of the barrier and point to the drastic change that occurred in their dominance following actions performed by the ICJ.
Expression of the PlA2 allele of glycoprotein IIIa and its impact on platelet function
Authors: Floyd Christopher N , Warner Timothy D , Ferro Albert
Published: November 2015

Background

The platelet fibrinogen receptor represents the final common pathway of platelet activation, and is formed from two glycoprotein (GP) subunits (GPIIb/IIIa). Carriage of the mutant PlA2 allele of GPIIIa has been shown to confer an increased risk of cardiovascular events, but published studies have disagreed as to the mechanism for this association.

Objectives

To assess whether carriage of the PlA2 allele conforms to Mendelian patterns of expression and to identify whether carriage of the mutant allele modulates platelet function.

Methods

Expression of the PlA2 allele was assessed in both healthy subjects ( n = 25) and patients with known coronary artery disease ( n = 90) through the development and validation of a liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) assay. Platelet function was assessed in the patient cohort in response to multiple agonists, and these data were analysed in the context of the proteomic data.

Results

Expression of the wild-type PlA1 allele and mutant PlA2 alleles was readily quantifiable and conformed to Mendelian patterns in both healthy and patient cohorts. Patients who were homozygous for the mutant PlA2 allele had an increased aggregatory response to adenosine diphosphate, collagen, adrenaline, ristocetin, thrombin receptor-activating peptide 6 and U46619, when assessed using agonist-concentration response curves.

Conclusions

These findings support the hypothesis that carriage of the mutant PlA2 allele mediates an increased risk of cardiovascular events through the modulation of platelet reactivity.
Structured Empirical Evaluation of “Campbell’s Physiology Notes” and “Campbell’s Pathophysiology Notes”
Authors: Campbell John L. , Campbell Robert H. , Longrigg Jean , Boyes Cath
Published: November 2015

A three-country study was undertaken to assess the educational efficacy of two textbooks authored by the researcher. The same texts were distributed to groups of student nurses in the United Kingdom, Cambodia, and Kenya. A data collection tool was developed to obtain quantitative data and to ask open-ended questions on how useful readers found the texts to be. Quantitative data indicated that the books were useful in areas such as aiding understanding of scientific and medical terminology and helping nurses to assess their patients and understand nursing care. It was also found that simplified diagrams were a useful modality for communicating bioscientific concepts. Answers to open-ended questions indicated areas where the texts could be improved. Evidence for how useful bioscientific concepts can be to improving patient assessment and management was also identified. Significant agreement between quantitative data and answers to open-ended questions was noted. It was concluded that the same texts could have a significant degree of educational acceptance and efficacy in wildly differing cultural and national situations. This approach to resource production and distribution also forms a model other educationalists may choose to adopt.
Vulnerability and Post-Stroke Experiences of Working-Age Survivors During Recovery
Authors: Wolfenden Barbara , Grace Marty
Published: November 2015

Survivors who experience stroke of mild to moderate severity are typically discharged home quickly, with only minimal referral for rehabilitation follow-up or support to meet specific needs in recovery. Particular vulnerabilities of younger, higher functioning stroke survivors have received some recognition in international literature in recent years. This article reports on findings of a small Australian qualitative study focusing on recovery and return to work experiences of young higher functioning female stroke survivors, in particular exploring experiences of post-stroke vulnerability from participants’ own perspectives. Our research adds depth and nuance to this developing area of interest and research. Our findings include survivors’ reflections on the consequences of delayed diagnosis, the impacts of empowering and disempowering interactions with health care professionals, a general lack of access to psychosocial rehabilitation, and frustrations of financial hardship. Implications for health professionals, service systems, and income support provision are discussed, along with directions for future research.
Workplace Stress Among Teachers in Kosovo
Authors: Shkëmbi Fleura , Melonashi Erika , Fanaj Naim
Published: November 2015

Teaching has been regarded as one of the most stressful professions, and workplace stress within this professional category has been thoroughly investigated. Nonetheless, no empirical research so far has examined workplace stress among teachers in Kosovo. The present study aimed to identify age and gender-related patterns of workplace stress as well as examine the role of marital status, educational level, and working experience in a sample of Kosovo teachers. The different types of stressors reported by teachers were also examined. The sample consisted of 799 teachers ( Mage = 42.94; SD = 11.50), 33.8% males and 65.2% females. The measures included the National Stress Awareness Day (NSAD) Stress Questionnaire, and one self-report questionnaire designed by the authors for the purpose of the research. Results showed that 33.2% (265 participants) of the sample reported high levels of stress. Workplace stress was significantly predicted by place of residence (β = −.442, p < .00) and level of education (β = −.191, p < .00) but not age, gender, marital status, or working experience F(6, 520) = 34.162, p < .001, R2 = .283. As regards the specific stressors, the most frequently reported were inadequate wages (36.8%), physical working environment (30.1%), and undisciplined students (26.2%). Results are discussed in the context of practical implications they have and suggestions for future research are provided.
Music Student Teaching Seminars
Authors: Baumgartner Christopher M. , Councill Kimberly H.
Published: November 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine the structure and content of music student teaching seminars at 4-year, degree-granting institutions accredited by the National Association of Schools of Music across the United States. A secondary purpose was to determine how these seminars (a) addressed perceived needs of student teachers and beginning teachers when reflecting on their student teaching experience and (b) met those needs through course structure and content. Though variability existed in frequency and length, most seminars ( n = 95, 77.86%) were taught in the music department. Participants ( N = 205; 42.71% overall response rate) indicated that teacher responsibilities, job searching, and behavior management were the most frequently addressed topics in their seminars; creating résumés, lesson planning, and peer discussions represented the most common activities. Data suggest variability in both structure and content of seminars, as well as a discrepancy between perceived student teacher needs and seminar content.
The effect of flexible cognitive–behavioural therapy and medical treatment, including antidepressants on post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in traumatised refugees: pragmatic randomised controlled clinical trial
Authors: Buhmann Caecilie Böck , Nordentoft Merete , Ekstroem Morten , Carlsson Jessica , Mortensen Erik Lykke
Published: November 2015

Background

Little evidence exists on the treatment of traumatised refugees.

Aims

To estimate treatment effects of flexible cognitive–behavioural therapy (CBT) and antidepressants (sertraline and mianserin) in traumatised refugees.

Method

Randomised controlled clinical trial with 2×2 factorial design (registered with Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT00917397, EUDRACT no. 2008-006714-15). Participants were refugees with war-related traumatic experiences, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and without psychotic disorder. Treatment was weekly sessions with a physician and/or psychologist over 6 months.

Results

A total of 217 of 280 patients completed treatment (78%). There was no effect on PTSD symptoms, no effect of psychotherapy and no interaction between psychotherapy and medicine. A small but significant effect of treatment with antidepressants was found on depression.

Conclusions

In a pragmatic clinical setting, there was no effect of flexible CBT and antidepressants on PTSD, and there was a small-to-moderate effect of antidepressants and psychoeducation on depression in traumatised refugees.