bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epigenomic stability assessment during cryopreservation and physiology among various strains of Chromochloris zofingiensis (Chlorophyceae) and their genetic variability revealed by AFLP and MS-AFLP
Authors: Reichelt Niklas , Leger Dorian , Daubert Mareike , Ruffino Paolo , Pröschold Thomas , Darienko Tatyana
Published: July 2021

Chromochloris zofingiensis (Dönz) Fucíková & L.A.Lewis, due to its production of highly valuable carotenoids such as astaxanthin, is a model organism in biotechnology. Since the recognition of this physiological property, many biotechnological applications have only used a single strain (SAG 211-14 = CCAP 211/14 = UTEX 32 = ATCC 30412) to produce biomass and carotenoids. However, multiple acquisitions of strains putatively belonging to the same species raised the question of the conspecificity of those strains and their properties. In this study, the conspecificity of the available strains, which are deposited axenically in SAG, was tested using SSU and ITS rDNA sequencing and AFLP (EcoRI/PstI) analyses. The comparison of SSU and ITS rDNA sequences as well as the AFLP patterns revealed that the investigated strains formed two very similar groups, (1) SAG 211-14, SAG 4.80, SAG 31.80, and SAG 34.80 and (2) SAG 221-2. All strains belonged to one species, C. zofingiensis, and represented one monophyletic lineage within the so-called DO-group of the Chlorophyceae. The robustness to cryopreservation and the subsequent epigenetic variability was detected using the methylation-sensitive AFLP (EcoRI/MspI and EcoRI/HpaII) among the five Chromochloris strains. All strains showed a high rate of survival (54.4–98.1%) during cryopreservation. The methylation patterns varied between precryo and postcryo in all strains detected among three time points (before, shortly after, and 8 weeks after cryopreservation), showing that the MS-AFLP technique has the potential to detect epigenetic effects occurring in response to cryopreservation and other stresses. Finally, the potential of these five strains for usage in biotechnological applications was proven by growing them in aerated cultures with and without additional carbon dioxide supply. The comparison showed that all strains produced high amounts of biomass and carotenoids under aeration with additional CO2 and were therefore suitable in biotechnology.
Improvement of Impulsivity and Decision Making by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation of the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex in a Patient with Gambling Disorder
Authors: Salatino Adriana , Miccolis Roberta , Gammeri Roberto , Ninghetto Marco , Belli Francesco , Nobili Marcello , Mouraux André , Ricci Raffaella
Published: July 2021

Gambling disorder (GD) is a form of behavioral addiction. In recent years, it has been suggested that the application of transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which plays a key role in top-down inhibitory control and impulsivity, may represent a new therapeutic approach for treating addictions. Here we investigated the effectiveness of a novel low dose tDCS protocol (i.e. six sessions of right anodal/left cathodal tDCS for 20 min, with a current intensity of 1 mA) applied to DLPFC in a patient with GD. To evaluate the effect of the proposed intervention, cognitive, psychological and behavioural evaluations were performed at different time points, pre and post intervention. The results showed improvement of impulsivity, decision making, and cognitive functioning after tDCS intervention. Findings of the present study suggest that low doses of right anodal/left cathodal tDCS to DLPFC may effectively improve gambling behaviour. They also suggest to carefully evaluate the effects of this tDCS polarity on the patient’s emotional state. The current protocol warrants further investigation in large groups of patients, as it may provide relevant insights into the design of effective, low dose treatments of gambling disorder.
A novel test rig to study the effect of fretting wear on the forced response dynamics with a friction contact
Authors: Tamatam Lakshminarayana Reddy , Botto Daniele , Zucca Stefano
Published: July 2021

This paper presents a novel test rig to study the effect of fretting wear and of the contact surface evolution on the forced response of systems with dry friction contact. This rig allows simulating contacts similar to the type of contacts present between the shrouds at the blade tip. Several research groups have been studying how fretting wear affects the dynamic response of mechanical systems, developing numerical prediction tools that consider dry friction contact and nonlinearity. The aim of this work is to experimentally study the evolution of contact interfaces and how this evolution affects the system dynamics. Experimental results will aid to validate the numerical predictions. The test rig developed for this activity is made of a cantilever beam fixed at one end and with a friction contact at the free end. The contact couple is made of two replaceable specimens. The contact is loaded via a lifting mechanism through a screw with fine thread. Fretting wear test was performed at a constant frequency and force amplitude, exciting the beam with an electromagnetic shaker. To emphasize the change of the dynamic response, frequency sweeps were performed at various intervals during the wear test. The full range test with ‘changing preload’ due to progressing wear was performed until a full loss of contact. This paper describes the test rig design, intent, set-up, instrumentation, test plan and results. Results include the frequency response curves for unworn contact, wear profiles at multiple intervals and the effect of wear on the frequency response. Though energy dissipation per cycle is quite small, wear leads to material loss at the contact with a sufficiently large number of cumulative cycles and substantially affects the dynamic response. Results collected in this research activity are of particular importance to validate numerical tool that aim to simulate the dynamic behaviour of systems with dry friction contacts that undergo material loss caused by wear.
Complication avoidance protocols in endoscopic pituitary adenoma surgery: a retrospective cohort study in 514 patients
Authors: Thakur Jai Deep , Corlin Alex , Mallari Regin Jay , Yawitz Samantha , Eisenberg Amalia , Sivakumar Walavan , Griffiths Chester , Carrau Ricardo L. , Rettinger Sarah , Cohan Pejman , Krauss Howard , Araque Katherine A. , Barkhoudarian Garni , Kelly Daniel F.
Published: July 2021

Purpose

To evaluate the impact of using consistent complication-avoidance protocols in patients undergoing endoscopic pituitary adenoma surgery including techniques for avoiding anosmia, epistaxis, carotid artery injury, hypopituitarism, cerebrospinal fluid leaks and meningitis.

Methods

All patients undergoing endoscopic adenoma resection from 2010 to 2020 were included. Primary outcomes included 90-day complication rates, gland function outcomes, reoperations, readmissions and length of stay. Secondary outcomes were extent of resection, short-term endocrine remission, vision recovery.

Results

Of 514 patients, (mean age 51 ± 16 years; 78% macroadenomas, 19% prior surgery) major complications occurred in 18(3.5%) patients, most commonly CSF leak (9, 1.7%) and meningitis (4, 0.8%). In 14 of 18 patients, complications were deemed preventable. Four (0.8%) had complications with permanent sequelae (3 before 2016): one unexplained mortality, one stroke, one oculomotor nerve palsy, one oculoparesis. There were no internal carotid artery injuries, permanent visual worsening or permanent anosmia. New hypopituitarism occurred in 23/485(4.7%). Partial or complete hypopituitarism resolution occurred in 102/193(52.8%) patients. Median LOS was 2 days; 98.3% of patients were discharged home. Comparing 18 patients with major complications versus 496 without, median LOS was 7 versus 2 days, respectively p < 0.001. Readmissions occurred in 6%(31/535), mostly for hyponatremia (18/31). Gross total resection was achieved in 214/312(69%) endocrine-inactive adenomas; biochemical remission was achieved in 148/209(71%) endocrine-active adenomas. Visual field or acuity defects improved in 126/138(91.3%) patients.

Conclusion

This study suggests that conformance to established protocols for endoscopic pituitary surgery may minimize complications, re-admissions and LOS while enhancing the likelihood of preserving gland function, although there remains opportunity for further improvements.
Reassessing the commuting penalty for immigrants: new evidence from Spain
Authors: Casado-Díaz José M. , Simón-Albert Raquel , Simón Hipólito
Published: July 2021

This article examines the differences in commuting length between native and immigrant employees in Spain, a relevant issue since immigrants' longer commuting times may, among other factors, reflect an imperfect spatial matching of their labour supply and demand with negative implications for their relative labour outcomes and their individual well-being. The research differentiates immigrants according to their origin and is based on a rich, nationally representative database. A novel contribution of the research is the use of decomposition econometric techniques that allow quantifying the joint and individual influence of a wide range of explanatory factors. The evidence obtained shows that, although a relevant part of the explanation of the greater commuting observed for immigrants is related to observed elements such as a different use of modes of transport, they make overall significantly longer journeys when comparing with observationally similar natives. This commuting penalty occurs yet only in the case of immigrants from emerging countries as it does not exist for those from advanced economies. Although the penalty is overall rather similar along several sociodemographic and occupational lines, it is much more pronounced for individuals living in large municipalities, which implies that previous analyses focusing on specific densely populated territories could not be nationally representative. To conclude, we offer additional novel evidence about the potential explanations of the commuting penalty of immigrants showing that it does not seem to derive from a hypothetically greater tolerance to commuting.
Vehicle scheduling for on-demand vehicle fleets in macroscopic travel demand models
Authors: Hartleb Johann , Friedrich Markus , Richter Emely
Published: July 2021

The planning of on-demand services requires the formation of vehicle schedules consisting of service trips and empty trips. This paper presents an algorithm for building vehicle schedules that uses time-dependent demand matrices (= service trips) as input and determines time-dependent empty trip matrices and the number of required vehicles as a result. The presented approach is intended for long-term, strategic transport planning. For this purpose, it provides planners with an estimate of vehicle fleet size and distance travelled by on-demand services. The algorithm can be applied to integer and non-integer demand matrices and is therefore particularly suitable for macroscopic travel demand models. Two case studies illustrate potential applications of the algorithm and feature that on-demand services can be considered in macroscopic travel demand models.
A deep look into radiomics
Authors: Scapicchio Camilla , Gabelloni Michela , Barucci Andrea , Cioni Dania , Saba Luca , Neri Emanuele
Published: July 2021

Radiomics is a process that allows the extraction and analysis of quantitative data from medical images. It is an evolving field of research with many potential applications in medical imaging. The purpose of this review is to offer a deep look into radiomics, from the basis, deeply discussed from a technical point of view, through the main applications, to the challenges that have to be addressed to translate this process in clinical practice. A detailed description of the main techniques used in the various steps of radiomics workflow, which includes image acquisition, reconstruction, pre-processing, segmentation, features extraction and analysis, is here proposed, as well as an overview of the main promising results achieved in various applications, focusing on the limitations and possible solutions for clinical implementation. Only an in-depth and comprehensive description of current methods and applications can suggest the potential power of radiomics in fostering precision medicine and thus the care of patients, especially in cancer detection, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment evaluation.
SoundSight: a mobile sensory substitution device that sonifies colour, distance, and temperature
Authors: Hamilton-Fletcher Giles , Alvarez James , Obrist Marianna , Ward Jamie
Published: July 2021

Depth, colour, and thermal images contain practical and actionable information for the blind. Conveying this information through alternative modalities such as audition creates new interaction possibilities for users as well as opportunities to study neuroplasticity. The ‘SoundSight’ App (www.SoundSight.co.uk) is a smartphone platform that allows 3D position, colour, and thermal information to directly control thousands of high-quality sounds in real-time to create completely unique and responsive soundscapes for the user. Users can select the specific sensor input and style of auditory output, which can be based on anything—tones, rainfall, speech, instruments, or even full musical tracks. Appropriate default settings for image-sonification are given by designers, but users still have a fine degree of control over the timing and selection of these sounds. Through utilising smartphone technology with a novel approach to sonification, the SoundSight App provides a cheap, widely accessible, scalable, and flexible sensory tool. In this paper we discuss common problems encountered with assistive sensory tools reaching long-term adoption, how our device seeks to address these problems, its theoretical background, its technical implementation, and finally we showcase both initial user experiences and a range of use case scenarios for scientists, artists, and the blind community.
Interaction and the end of the Late Bronze Age as displayed through neutron activation analysis of Late Helladic sherds: a case study on Asine in the Argolid, Greece
Authors: Sjöberg B. L. , Mommsen H.
Published: July 2021

This article discusses the results of neutron activation analysis made on a limited number of LH IIIB and LH IIIC period sherds from the Argive settlement Asine, Greece. The analysis indicates that the transformation from the palatial to the post-palatial period, on a local level of a village as Asine, was not signified by loss of contacts with the surrounding world. Rather continuity and interaction prevailed, although with other geographical areas as production and use of pottery in the LH IIIB period apparently had a more regional preponderance. The geographical dominance of pottery assigned to producers in north-eastern Peloponnese and distributed over the Mediterranean was terminated, but other operators may have responded to the demand for pottery.
Effect of installation angle on pull-out resistance of nails in soil slopes
Authors: Najafi Navid , Imani Kalehsar Rouzbeh , Khodaei Meysam , Dehghan Ali Naghi , Karroubi Kasra
Published: July 2021

In this study, the effect of the nailing angle on the pull-out capacity of nails in soil slopes was investigated using the finite difference method with the help of FLAC3Dsoftware. Initially, the geometric model was created at three different angles of the excavation slope (45°, 63°, and 80°). Considering the Mohr–Coulomb behavioral model and applying the physical and geometric parameters of the model in order to model the nail in the nailing system, five rows of nails at different angles, relative to the horizon, which included 5°, 10°, 15°, 20°, 25°, 30°, and 35° were used to evaluate the effect of change in the angle of the nail and the different angles of the excavation slope on the pull-out capacity of the nails. The results showed that the magnitude of the nail pull-out force, at slopes of the same level, increases as the angle of the excavation slope increases. Also, the maximum force is generated at the level range of 0.7 of the height from the upper edge of the slope and the nails situated at an angle of about 30° relative to the horizon. Therefore, according to the soil conditions, the angle of nail, and the factor of safety, the optimal implementation angle of the nail on the slope can be calculated in different designs.
SEALING OF THE UNIVERSALLY BAIRE SETS
Authors: SARGSYAN GRIGOR , TRANG NAM
Published: July 2021

A set of reals is universally Baire if all of its continuous preimages in topological spaces have the Baire property.
${\sf Sealing}$
is a type of generic absoluteness condition introduced by Woodin that asserts in strong terms that the theory of the universally Baire sets cannot be changed by set forcings. The
${\sf Largest\ Suslin\ Axiom}$
(
${\sf LSA}$
) is a determinacy axiom isolated by Woodin. It asserts that the largest Suslin cardinal is inaccessible for ordinal definable surjections. Let
${\sf LSA}$
-
${\sf over}$
-
${\sf uB}$
be the statement that in all (set) generic extensions there is a model of
$\sf {LSA}$
whose Suslin, co-Suslin sets are the universally Baire sets. We outline the proof that over some mild large cardinal theory,
$\sf {Sealing}$
is equiconsistent with
$\sf {LSA}$
-
$\sf {over}$
-
$\sf {uB}$
. In fact, we isolate an exact theory (in the hierarchy of strategy mice) that is equiconsistent with both (see Definition 3.1). As a consequence, we obtain that
$\sf {Sealing}$
is weaker than the theory “
$\sf {ZFC}$
+ there is a Woodin cardinal which is a limit of Woodin cardinals.” This significantly improves upon the earlier consistency proof of
$\sf {Sealing}$
by Woodin. A variation of
$\sf {Sealing}$
, called
$\sf {Tower \ Sealing}$
, is also shown to be equiconsistent with
$\sf {Sealing}$
over the same large cardinal theory. We also outline the proof that if V has a proper class of Woodin cardinals, a strong cardinal, and a generically universally Baire iteration strategy, then
$\sf {Sealing}$
holds after collapsing the successor of the least strong cardinal to be countable. This result is complementary to the aforementioned equiconsistency result, where it is shown that
$\sf {Sealing}$
holds in a generic extension of a certain minimal universe. This theorem is more general in that no minimal assumption is needed. A corollary of this is that
$\sf {LSA}$
-
$\sf {over}$
-
$\sf {uB}$
is not equivalent to
$\sf {Sealing}$
.
Developing VAT treaties: international tax cooperation in times of global recovery
Authors: Zu Yige
Published: July 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic highlights the pressing need to address common challenges faced by all countries and, in particular, provide special support to developing countries through international cooperation. Taxation, in particular Value Added Tax (VAT), is a key area for strengthening international cooperation because of its critical role in financing the Covid-19 crisis and supporting global recovery. This paper proposes the adoption of VAT treaties based on two considerations. First, there exist, in the interplay between states’ VAT laws, over-taxation and under-taxation that can be more effectively addressed by treaties than by unilateral state actions. Secondly, unlike income tax treaties, VAT treaties would distribute more benefits from cooperation to developing countries than to developed countries, leading to normatively attractive distributional consequences. The proposed model offers a new approach to taxing cross-border transactions under VAT and could form part of a coordinated response to a sustainable post-pandemic recovery.
The Emotional Universe of Insecure Scholars in the Early Modern Ottoman Hierarchy of Learning
Authors: Şen A. Tunç
Published: July 2021

Life is tough for many in the increasing precarity of today's academy. Despite all the degrees received, courses taught, grants awarded, conferences attended, articles published, resumes polished, and networks established, many people aspiring to a thriving academic career are now denied the opportunity to prosper in a stable position and to secure a settled life. Given the shrinking academic job market worldwide, especially for humanities and social science disciplines, it is no wonder that over the last two decades quit-lit written by disillusioned members of the academy has grown to such an extent that it now comprises a particular genre. From personal social media accounts to newspapers and websites circulating recent news about academics’ life across and beyond the United States, a wide array of platforms daily reveals the gloomy perspectives and emotional reactions of nontenured academic laborers overwhelmed by the uncertainties and insecurities that mark their professional and private lives.
Development and validation of a clinical and genetic model for predicting risk of severe COVID-19
Authors: Dite Gillian S. , Murphy Nicholas M. , Allman Richard
Published: July 2021

Clinical and genetic risk factors for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are often considered independently and without knowledge of the magnitudes of their effects on risk. Using severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive participants from the UK Biobank, we developed and validated a clinical and genetic model to predict risk of severe COVID-19. We used multivariable logistic regression on a 70% training dataset and used the remaining 30% for validation. We also validated a previously published prototype model. In the validation dataset, our new model was associated with severe COVID-19 (odds ratio per quintile of risk = 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.64–1.90) and had acceptable discrimination (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.732, 95% CI 0.708–0.756). We assessed calibration using logistic regression of the log odds of the risk score, and the new model showed no evidence of over- or under-estimation of risk (α = −0.08; 95% CI −0.21−0.05) and no evidence or over-or under-dispersion of risk (β = 0.90, 95% CI 0.80–1.00). Accurate prediction of individual risk is possible and will be important in regions where vaccines are not widely available or where people refuse or are disqualified from vaccination, especially given uncertainty about the extent of infection transmission among vaccinated people and the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
Balloon atrial septostomy through azygos vein in two cases of D-TGA with left atrial isomerism
Authors: Beyazal Meryem , Orun Utku Arman
Published: July 2021

Balloon atrial septostomy is a palliative procedure that is performed in D-transposition of great arteries when surgery is not immediately available. Although D-TGA and left isomerism association are rare, it is an important condition as the BAS procedure approach is unique. In this case report, we present two cases of D-TGA with left isomerism where BAS was performed due to restrictive atrial septal defect and lack of immediate availability of the paediatric cardiac surgeon.
Early post-operative PV-ACO2/CA-VO2 predicts subsequent acute kidney injury after complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Xu Yaya , Zhu Xiaodong , Xu Lili , Li Zhen
Published: July 2021

Background:

Acute kidney injury is a severe complication following complete repair of tetralogy of Fallot. Anaerobic metabolism is believed to contribute to the development of acute kidney injury. The ratio of central venous to arterial carbon dioxide tension to arterio-venous oxygen content (PV-ACO2/CA-VO2) has been proposed as a surrogate for respiratory quotient and an indicator of tissue oxygenation. We hypothesised that a small increase of PV-ACO2/CA-VO2 might have superior discrimination ability in subsequent acute kidney injury prediction.

Methods:

This study is retrospective and single-centre design study. The study population consisted of 61 children with tetralogy of Fallot that underwent a complete surgical repair between July 2017 and January 2021. Baseline characteristics and intra-operative parameters were collected through a retrospective chart review. PV-ACO2/CA-VO2 was collected within 12 hours of surgical completion. Acute kidney injury was defined according to the criteria established by the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes group. Univariate and logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors for acute kidney injury.

Results:

Of the 61 patients, 20 (32.8%) developed acute kidney injury. Multivariate logistic analyses showed that age, height, haematocrit, and Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 were independently associated with the development of acute kidney injury. The addition of Pv-aCO2/Ca-vO2 to the model significantly increased model discrimination [AUROC 0.939 (95% CI 0.894–0.984) and AUROC 0.922 (95% CI 0.869–0.975), respectively].

Conclusions:

The increase of PV-ACO2/CA-VO2 could improve the predictive ability for subsequent development of acute kidney injury in children with tetralogy of Fallot.
Public health potential of guidelines-based dietary scores for non-communicable diseases mortality prevention: simulation study using the Preventable Risk Integrated ModEl (PRIME) model
Authors: Julia Chantal , Leroy Pascal , Adjibade Moufidath , Assmann Karen E , Touvier Mathilde , Hercberg Serge , Soler Louis-Georges , Kesse-Guyot Emmanuelle
Published: July 2021

Objective:

Dietary indexes measure the adherence of individuals to a set of nutritional recommendations. However, the health gains associated with adherence to various dietary indexes may vary. Our objective was to compare the magnitude of estimated avoided deaths by chronic diseases obtained by improving diet quality in the French population, measured by a variety of dietary indexes.

Design:

Simulation study based on observational data.

Setting:

Weighted data from a French population-based cohort study.

Participants:

In participants from the NutriNet-Santé cohort, we computed dietary scores reflecting the adherence to various recommendations (Medi-Lite, Healthy Diet Indicator (HDI), Programme National Nutrition Santé/National Nutrition and Health Program – Guidelines Score, Diet Quality Index (DQI), Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and the modified Food Standards Agency nutrient profiling system dietary index (FSAm-NPS DI)). Quintiles of the food groups’ consumption and dietary intakes were used as input in a simulation model (Preventable Risk Integrated ModEl (PRIME)), yielding the number of delayed or avoided deaths in nutrition-related non-communicable diseases, comparing between very high or very low nutritional quality of the diet and medium nutritional quality.

Results:

A modification of dietary intakes from medium quality to very low quality (i.e. from the middle quintile to the quintile with the lowest nutritional quality) was associated with an increased number of deaths ranging from 3485 (95 % uncertainty interval (CI) 4002, 2987) for HDI and 3379 (95 % CI 3881, 2894) for FSAm-NPS DI to 838 (95 % CI 1163, 523) for Medi-Lite. Conversely, a modification of dietary intakes from medium quality to very high quality was associated with a decrease in the number of deaths ranging from 1995 (95 % CI 1676, 2299) for Probability of Adequate Nutrient intake diet, 1986 (95 % CI 1565, 2361) for DQI-International, 1931 (95 % CI 1499, 2316) for FSAm-NPS DI and 858 (95 % CI 499, 1205) for HDI.

Conclusions:

Our results provide some insights as the potential impact of following various dietary guidelines to reduce mortality from nutrition-related diseases.
INTERPRETATION, LOGIC AND PHILOSOPHY: JEAN NICOD’S GEOMETRY IN THE SENSIBLE WORLD
Authors: GANDON SÉBASTIEN
Published: July 2021

Jean Nicod (1893–1924) is a French philosopher and logician who worked with Russell during the First World War. His PhD, with a preface from Russell, was published under the title La géométrie dans le monde sensible in 1924, the year of his untimely death. The book did not have the impact he deserved. In this paper, I discuss the methodological aspect of Nicod’s approach. My aim is twofold. I would first like to show that Nicod’s definition of various notions of equivalence between theories anticipates, in many respects, the (syntactic and semantic) model-theoretic notion of interpretation of a theory into another. I would secondly like to present the philosophical agenda that led Nicod to elaborate his logical framework: the defense of rationalism against Bergson’s attacks.
LOGICS OF FORMAL INCONSISTENCY ENRICHED WITH REPLACEMENT: AN ALGEBRAIC AND MODAL ACCOUNT
Authors: CARNIELLI WALTER , CONIGLIO MARCELO E. , FUENMAYOR DAVID
Published: July 2021

It is customary to expect from a logical system that it can bealgebraizable, in the sense that an algebraic companion of the deductive machinery can always be found. Since the inception of da Costa’s paraconsistent calculi, algebraic equivalents for such systems have been sought. It is known, however, that these systems are not self-extensional (i.e., they do not satisfy thereplacement property). More than this, they are not algebraizable in the sense of Blok–Pigozzi. The same negative results hold for several systems of the hierarchy of paraconsistent logics known asLogics of Formal Inconsistency(LFIs). Because of this, several systems belonging to this class of logics are only characterizable by semantics of a non-deterministic nature. This paper offers a solution for two open problems in the domain of paraconsistency, in particular connected to algebraization ofLFIs, by extending with rules severalLFIs weaker than$C_1$, thus obtaining the replacement property (that is, suchLFIs turn out to be self-extensional). Moreover, these logics become algebraizable in the standard Lindenbaum–Tarski’s sense by a suitable variety of Boolean algebras extended with additional operations. The weakestLFIsatisfying replacement presented here is calledRmbC, which is obtained from the basicLFIcalledmbC. Some axiomatic extensions ofRmbCare also studied. In addition, a neighborhood semantics is defined for such systems. It is shown thatRmbCcan be defined within the minimal bimodal non-normal logic$\mathbf {E} {\oplus } \mathbf {E}$defined by the fusion of the non-normal modal logicEwith itself. Finally, the framework is extended to first-order languages.RQmbC, the quantified extension ofRmbC, is shown to be sound and complete w.r.t. the proposed algebraic semantics.
HIERARCHICAL INCOMPLETENESS RESULTS FOR ARITHMETICALLY DEFINABLE EXTENSIONS OF FRAGMENTS OF ARITHMETIC
Authors: BLANCK RASMUS
Published: July 2021

There has been a recent interest in hierarchical generalizations of classic incompleteness results. This paper provides evidence that such generalizations are readily obtainable from suitably formulated hierarchical versions of the principles used in the original proofs. By collecting such principles, we prove hierarchical versions of Mostowski’s theorem on independent formulae, Kripke’s theorem on flexible formulae, Woodin’s theorem on the universal algorithm, and a few related results. As a corollary, we obtain the expected result that the formula expressing “$\mathrm {T}$is$\Sigma _n$-ill” is a canonical example of a$\Sigma _{n+1}$formula that is$\Pi _{n+1}$-conservative over$\mathrm {T}$.
NEIGHBOURHOOD CANONICITY FOR EK, ECK, AND RELATIVES: A CONSTRUCTIVE PROOF
Authors: VAN DE PUTTE FREDERIK , MCNAMARA PAUL
Published: July 2021

We prove neighbourhood canonicity and strong completeness for the logics
$\mathbf {EK}$
and
$\mathbf {ECK}$
, obtained by adding axiom (K), resp. adding both (K) and (C), to the minimal modal logic
$\textbf {E}$
. In contrast to an earlier proof in [10], ours is constructive. More precisely, we construct minimal characteristic models for both logics and do not rely on compactness of first order logic. The proof involves a specific circumscription technique and quite some set-theoretic maneuvers to establish that the models satisfy the appropriate frame conditions. After giving both proofs, we briefly spell out how they generalize to four stronger logics and to the extensions of the resulting six logics with a global modality.
SUBATOMIC INFERENCES: AN INFERENTIALIST SEMANTICS FOR ATOMICS, PREDICATES, AND NAMES
Authors: TANTER KAI
Published: July 2021

Inferentialism is a theory in the philosophy of language which claims that the meanings of expressions are constituted by inferential roles or relations. Instead of a traditional model-theoretic semantics, it naturally lends itself to a proof-theoretic semantics, where meaning is understood in terms of inference rules with a proof system. Most work in proof-theoretic semantics has focused on logical constants, with comparatively little work on the semantics of non-logical vocabulary. Drawing on Robert Brandom’s notion of material inference and Greg Restall’s bilateralist interpretation of the multiple conclusion sequent calculus, I present a proof-theoretic semantics for atomic sentences and their constituent names and predicates. The resulting system has several interesting features: (1) the rules are harmonious and stable; (2) the rules create a structure analogous to familiar model-theoretic semantics; and (3) the semantics is compositional, in that the rules for atomic sentences are determined by those for their constituent names and predicates.
Meilensteine im Erwerb der deutschen Orthografie
Authors: Corvacho del Toro Irene , Thomé Günther
Published: July 2021

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Noch immer stellt eine Modellierung der deutschen Orthografie, die sprachtheoretisch fundiert und rechtschreibdidaktisch anwendbar ist, ein Forschungsdesiderat dar. Diese Arbeit möchte einen Beitrag hierzu leisten und ein fachdidaktisch orientiertes Modell zu Meilensteinen des Orthografieerwerbs vorstellen. Methode: Entlang der Sprachebenen, die die deutsche Rechtschreibung abbildet, wird gezeigt, welche Meilensteine Lernende bis zur vollentfalteten Rechtschreibkompetenz durchlaufen. Grundlage dieser Analyse bilden die Rechtschreibnorm sowie Rechtschreibfehler aus Interventionsstudien. Ergebnisse: Das Modell verdeutlicht die zentrale Stellung der Einheiten Wort und Morphem im deutschen Schriftsystem und für den Rechtschreiberwerb. Darüber hinaus werden Meilensteine, die mit phonologischen und morphosyntaktischen Fähigkeiten zusammenhängen, von solchen, die auf die morphologische Bewusstheit rekurrieren, unterschieden. Diskussion: Die Modellierung legt nahe, nach der Einführung von Basisgraphemen die prototypischen Wortstrukturen und den Wortaufbau des Deutschen ins Zentrum der Rechtschreibdidaktik zu stellen. Persistierenden Rechtschreibfehler werden in Abhängigkeit von der Stärke ihres Zusammenhangs entweder mit Spracherwerbs- oder Rechtschreiberwerbsprozessen erklärt. Das Modell kann in der Diagnostik, der Lehrerbildung, der Rechtschreibdidaktik und der Modellierung Rechtschreibkompetenz Anwendung finden.
Analysis and Mitigation of Biases in Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Balance Trend Estimates From GRACE Mascon Products
Authors: Ran Jiangjun , Ditmar Pavel , Liu Lin , Xiao Yun , Klees Roland , Tang Xueyuan
Published: July 2021

Mascon products derived from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment satellite gravimetry data are widely used to study the Greenland ice sheet mass balance. However, the products released by different research groups—JPL, CSR, and GSFC—show noticeable discrepancies. To understand them, we compare those mascon products with mascon solutions computed in‐house using a varying regularization parameter. We show that the observed discrepancies are likely dominated by differences in the applied regularization. Furthermore, we present a numerical study aimed at an in‐depth analysis of regularization‐driven biases in the solutions. We demonstrate the ability of our simulations to reproduce 60%–80% of biases observed in real data, which proves that our simulations are sufficiently realistic. After that, we demonstrate that the quality of mascon‐based estimates can be increased by a proper modification of the applied regularization: no correlation between mascons is assumed when they belong to different drainage systems. Using both simulations and real data analysis, we show that the improved regularization mitigates signal leakage between drainage systems by 11%–56%. Finally, we validate various mascon solutions over the SW drainage system, using trends from (i) the GOCO‐06S model and (ii) the Input‐Output Method as control data. In general, the in‐house computed trend estimates are consistent with the trends from CSR and JPL solutions and the trends from the control data.
Partial Coupling and Earthquake Potential Along the Xianshuihe Fault, China
Authors: Li Yuexin , Bürgmann Roland
Published: July 2021

The left‐lateral Xianshuihe Fault is located at the eastern boundary of the Tibetan Plateau and is one of the most active faults in China. It is associated with substantial seismic potential, with more than 20 Mw > 6 earthquakes since 1700. The fault has been documented to be creeping at the surface for decades; however, the spatial and temporal distributions of shallow creep along the fault are not well resolved. In this study, we obtain high‐resolution interseismic velocity maps along the 350‐km‐long central Xianshuihe Fault and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) time series along the Kangding segment using ascending and descending Sentinel‐1 data. The InSAR data reveal multiple creeping sections and the estimated surface creep rates show high along‐strike variability. A coupling model characterizes the distribution of creep with depth. The seismic potential of apparent rupture asperities along the Xianshuihe Fault is further refined by considering fault‐crossing baseline data and the distribution of historical ruptures and microseismicity. Moreover, a stress‐driven afterslip model of the observed accelerated creep around the Mw 5.9 2014 Kangding rupture indicates substantial shallow afterslip, which provides further constraints on the distribution of locked and creeping patches along this section of the Xianshuihe Fault.
Designing Convolutional Neural Network Pipeline for Near‐Fault Earthquake Catalog Extension Using Single‐Station Waveforms
Authors: Majstorović Josipa , Giffard‐Roisin Sophie , Poli Piero
Published: July 2021

In this study, we developed an end‐to‐end two‐stage pipeline using 1D convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to detect, localize, and characterize earthquakes from single‐station three‐component waveforms. We are presenting here the insights of what makes the difference in developing a deep learning algorithm by performing an extensive hyperparameter grid search for model training, tackling the question of the optimal number of classes, the importance of training data sets as well as the CNN architecture design in terms of optimal length of the CNN model. Moreover, our pipeline is robust and does not need any preprocessing of the seismograms (e.g., filtering) or any prior knowledge of the region. Training, validation, and evaluation of the CNN models is performed on data recorded at the AQU station placed in the city of L’Aquila in the Abruzzo region (Central Italy). Before MW 6.3 2009 L’Aquila earthquake that occurred near the city of L’Aquila the local catalog of events is sparse. Therefore, we provide a methodological pipeline on how one can extend near‐fault local catalog of earthquakes by applying our two‐stage pipeline on unseen continuous data. Our results show that we are able to design a CNN model that is detecting the earthquake events among random noise waveforms with 97% accuracy (first stage: detection). Additionally, we are able to determine the events that are close to the station (<10 km) with a 94% accuracy as well as identify their belonging to four magnitude classes with a 68% accuracy (second stage: characterization).
Multilayer Network Clarifies Prevailing Water Consumption Telecouplings in the United States
Authors: Garcia S. , Gomez M. , Rushforth R. , Ruddell B. L. , Mejia A.
Published: July 2021

Virtual water flows are used to map the indirect water consumption connections implied by the supply chain of a city, region, or country. This information can be used to manage supply chains to achieve environmental policy objectives and mitigate environmental risks to critical supply chains. A limitation of prior work is that these flows are typically analyzed using monolayer networks, which ignores crucial intersectoral or interlayer couplings. Here, we use a multilayer network to account for such couplings when analyzing blue virtual water flows in the United States. Our multilayer network consists of 115 different regions (nodes), covering the entire conterminous United States; 41 coupled economic sectors (layers); and ∼2 × 107 possible links. To analyze the multilayer network, we focus on three fundamental network properties: topological connectivity, mesoscale structure, and node centrality. The network has a high connectivity, with each node being on average connected to roughly 2/3 of the network's nodes. Interlayer flows are a major driver of connectivity, representing ∼54% of all the network's connections. Five different groups of tightly connected nodes (communities) characterize the network. Each community represents a preferred spatial mode of long‐range virtual water interaction within the United States. We find that large (populous) cities have a stronger influence than small ones on network functioning because they attract and recirculate more virtual water through their supply chains. Our results also highlight differences between the multilayer and monolayer virtual water network, which overall show that the former provides a more realistic representation of virtual water flows.
Downregulated lncRNA RCPCD promotes differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiac pacemaker-like cells by suppressing HCN4 promoter methylation
Authors: Zhu Ye , You Jia , Wei Wei , Gu Jianjun , Xu Chao , Gu Xiang
Published: July 2021

Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) is receiving increasing attention in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) research. However, the roles of lncRNA in the differentiation of ESCs into pacemaker-like cells are still unclear. Therefore, the present study aims to explore the roles and mechanisms of lncRNA in the differentiation of ESCs into pacemaker-like cells. ESCs were cultured and induced differentiation to pacemaker-like cells. RNA sequencing was used to identify the differential expression lncRNAs during the differentiation of ESCs into pacemaker-like cells. Cell morphology observation, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and immunofluorescence were used to detect the differentiation of ESCs into pacemaker-like cells. LncRNA and genes overexpression or knockdown through transfected adenovirus in the differentiation process. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) detected the lncRNA location in the differentiated ESCs. Luciferase reporter gene assay, methylation-specific PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were performed to reveal the mechanism of lncRNA-regulating HCN4 expression. Rescue experiments were used to confirm that lncRNA regulates the differentiation of ESCs into pacemaker-like cells through HCN4. We cultured the ESCs and induced the differentiation of ESCs into pacemaker-like cells successfully. The expression of lncRNA RCPCD was significantly decreased in the differentiation of ESCs into pacemaker-like cells. Overexpression of RCPCD inhibited the differentiation of ESCs into pacemaker-like cells. RCPCD inhibited the expression of HCN4 by increasing HCN4 methylation at the promoter region through DNMT1, DNMT2, and DNMT3. RCPCD inhibited the differentiation of ESCs into pacemaker-like cells by inhibiting the expression of HCN4. Our results confirm the roles and mechanism of lncRNA RCPCD in the differentiation of ESCs into pacemaker-like cells, which could pave the path for the development of a cell-based biological pacemaker.
Thermoenhanced osmotic power generator via lithium bromide and asymmetric sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/poly(ether sulfone) nanofluidic membrane
Authors: Sun Yue , Wu Yadong , Hu Yuhao , Zhu Congcong , Guo Hao , Kong Xiang-Yu , Luo Ercang , Jiang Lei , Wen Liping
Published: July 2021

Osmotic energy, existing between solutions with different concentrations, is a sustainable and ecofriendly resource for solving energy issues. However, current membrane-based osmotic energy conversion technologies focus on electricity generation from an “open” system by directly mixing salt (NaCl) solutions at room temperature. For the integrated utilization of thermal energy and higher power output performance, we demonstrate thermoenhanced osmotic energy conversion by employing highly soluble lithium bromide (LiBr) solutions, asymmetric sulfonated poly(ether ether ketone)/poly(ether sulfone) (SPEEK/PES) membranes, and LiMn2O4/carbon nanotube (LMO/CNT) electrodes. The thin top layer of this heat-resistant membrane contains hydrophilic groups (i.e., the sulfonated groups in SPEEK) that are beneficial for ion-selective transport. The thermal effect on each solution is investigated, and osmotic energy conversion can be improved by regulating the heat gradient. The power density is ~16.50 W/m2 by coupling with a temperature gradient (30 °C). This work is a step forward for promoting the performance of osmotic energy conversion with thermal energy assistance and provides the basis for a closed-loop system with regenerated osmotic energy from other energy forms. Moreover, the external field-osmotic hybrid energy conversion system shows powerful potential in the energy harvesting field.
Patient-derived models recapitulate heterogeneity of molecular signatures and drug response in pediatric high-grade glioma
Authors: He Chen , Xu Ke , Zhu Xiaoyan , Dunphy Paige S. , Gudenas Brian , Lin Wenwei , Twarog Nathaniel , Hover Laura D. , Kwon Chang-Hyuk , Kasper Lawryn H. , Zhang Junyuan , Li Xiaoyu , Dalton James , Jonchere Barbara , Mercer Kimberly S. , Currier Duane G. , Caufield William , Wang Yingzhe , Xie Jia , Broniscer Alberto , Wetmore Cynthia , Upadhyaya Santhosh A. , Qaddoumi Ibrahim , Klimo Paul , Boop Frederick , Gajjar Amar , Zhang Jinghui , Orr Brent A. , Robinson Giles W. , Monje Michelle , Freeman III Burgess B. , Roussel Martine F. , Northcott Paul A. , Chen Taosheng , Rankovic Zoran , Wu Gang , Chiang Jason , Tinkle Christopher L. , Shelat Anang A. , Baker Suzanne J.
Published: July 2021

Pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) is a major contributor to cancer-related death in children. In vitro and in vivo disease models reflecting the intimate connection between developmental context and pathogenesis of pHGG are essential to advance understanding and identify therapeutic vulnerabilities. Here we report establishment of 21 patient-derived pHGG orthotopic xenograft (PDOX) models and eight matched cell lines from diverse groups of pHGG. These models recapitulate histopathology, DNA methylation signatures, mutations and gene expression patterns of the patient tumors from which they were derived, and include rare subgroups not well-represented by existing models. We deploy 16 new and existing cell lines for high-throughput screening (HTS). In vitro HTS results predict variable in vivo response to PI3K/mTOR and MEK pathway inhibitors. These unique new models and an online interactive data portal for exploration of associated detailed molecular characterization and HTS chemical sensitivity data provide a rich resource for pediatric brain tumor research.