bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Semi-Analytical Model for Computation of Maximum Sand Free Production Rate in a Perforated Horizontal Well
Authors: Wu Zhan , Suryanarayana P. V. , Vasantharajan Sriram
Published: October 2018

A semi-analytical framework for predicting the onset of sand production in a horizontal well is presented. The approach couples the flow in perforation tunnels with flow in the wellbore itself, to obtain a more accurate estimate of maximum sand free production rate in a well. The elastic equations of equilibrium are combined with the Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion to calculate the critical radius. A numerical, iterative solution method is used to compute the location of the elastic-plastic zone during well production. Instead of computing the pressure change in a cavity, which is difficult to characterize and implement in practice, the proposed model integrates the cavity stability criteria into the perforated wellbore inflow model to determine maximum sand-free wellbore flow rate. In addition to the typical perforation tunnel parameters such as cohesive strength, friction angle and perforation radius considered in past efforts, pressure loss effects in a wellbore (wall friction, acceleration, and fluid mixing) are incorporated into the proposed model. A numerical shooting method is then used to iteratively arrive at the maximum sand free rate for a perforated horizontal wellbore in a reservoir of known properties. Results show that without incorporation of the inflow model, the predicted maximum sand-free rates from prevailing approaches can be over-optimistic. The proposed method can be used to optimize perforation parameters to prevent sanding when designing well completions.
Study of Cluster Efficiency in Unconventional Reservoirs by Analytical Simulators
Authors: Ibrahim Mohamed Mohamed , Coskuner Yakup , Salah Mohamed Mohamed , Ibrahim Mazher , Mahmoud Omar , Pieprzica Chester
Published: October 2018

Unconventional reservoirs have been defined as formations that cannot be produced at economic flow rates or that do not produce economic volumes of oil and gas without horizontal well with hydraulic fracture treatments. Horizontal well fracturing efficiency in unconventional reservoirs is the main factor for the success of developing unconventional reservoirs. The early focus of the industry was on the operational efficiency and during this period, the geometric spacing of perforation clusters adopted as the preferred completion method. Cipolla et al. (2011) presented a case study on the interpretation of production logs from hundreds of horizontal wells. The results indicated that 60% of perforation clusters contribute to production when completed geometrically and completion cost could reach more than 60% of the total well cost. Recently, numerous studies have been undertaken to understand this phenomenon. Increasing the stimulation effectiveness and maximizing the number of perforation clusters contributing to productivity was an obvious area for improvement to engineer the completion design.

The uniform initiation and distribution of fractures in each frac stage is very complex because there are many factors affecting the fracture initiation such as stress orientation, heterogeneity, existing of natural fractures, and completion design. This paper presents sensitivity studies investigating the effect of the formation permeability, fracture spacing, fracture half-length, fracture conductivity, flowing bottom hole pressure, and outer reservoir permeability on the well ultimate recovery efficiency by using analytical simulator.
Characterization of the CO2-Fluid-Shale Interface Via Feature Relocation Using Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy, in Situ Infrared Spectroscopy, and Pore Size Analysis
Authors: Goodman Angela , Sanguinito Sean , Kutchko Barbara , Natesakhawat Sittichai , Culp Jeff
Published: October 2018

Fundamental research targeting the interactions of CO2 and fluids with unconventional shale systems is limited from the perspective of using carbon dioxide 1) as an alternative fracturing fluid, 2) as an agent to enhance hydrocarbon production, and 3) as an injection agent into the shale formation for storage purposes to avert emissions to the atmosphere. In this work, we apply in-situ infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and density functional theory (DFT) pore size analysis to examine the effects of CO2 and fluid on the Marcellus and Utica Shales. Results show changes to the shale at both the micron and nanometer scale after reaction with CO2 and water. These alterations could potentially alter overall permeability and fracture networks that may cause issues for future EOR activities, CO2 storage, and/or the practice of using CO2 as a hydraulic fracturing material.
Experimental Investigation on Mechanical Properties and Failure Mode of Natural Fractured Sandstone
Authors: Chen Gang , Chen Mian , Lu Yunhu , Chen Beibei , Sun Fengrui , Lou Erbiao , Wang Kexin
Published: October 2018

Some wells in ultra-deep fractured tight gas formation are faced with severe sand production problems in west china. It is important to study the mechanical properties of fractured sandstone.

Based on triaxial compression experiments on cores from fractured tight sandstone reservoirs, we investigated the strength and deformation characteristics and the failure mode.

The experimental results show that the strength and elastic modulus of fractured sandstone cores with different fracture angles are lower than those of intact sandstone. Samples with 50° −60°fracture angles have lower peak strength and Young's modulus and tend to fail along the fracture easily. Eventually, four types of failure mode are summarized based on the experimental results. Samples with other fracture angles always have a single-plane shear failure across the nature fracture in triaxial compressive experiments. Fractured samples with the same fracture angle have larger peak strength under a larger confining pressure.

This study presents necessary message for field practices to better understand the mechanical properties of natural fractured sandstone, which is helpful to confirm mechanism for the Kuche reservoirs sand production problems.
Estimating Gas Relative Permeability of Shales from Pore Size Distribution
Authors: Ghanbarian Behzad
Published: October 2018

Modeling shale gas relative permeability, krg, has numerous practical applictaions, particularly in gas exploration and production in unconventional reservoirs. krg is a key petrophysical quantity for accurately determining recovery factor and production rate. In the literature, a few theoretical models developed to estimate krg are based upon either a "bundle of capillary tubes" conceptual approach or a combination of universal scaling laws e.g., from percolation theory. The former is a severely distorted idealization of porous rocks, while the latter is, generally speaking, valid near the percolation threshold and/or in rocks with narrow pore-throat size distribution. Although the effective medium approximation has been successfully applied to model wetting- and nonwetting-phase relative permeabilities in conventional rocks, to the best of the author's knowledge, it has never been used to estimate krg in unconventional reservoirs. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to develop a theoretical model based on the effective-medium approximation, an upscaling technique from statistical physics, to estimate shale gas relative permeability from pore-throat size distribution. In this study, we presumed that pore-throat sizes conform to a truncated log-normal probability density function. We further presumed that gas flow under variably-saturated conditions is mainly controlled by two mechanisms contributing in parallel: (1) molecular flow and (2) hydraulic flow. The total conductance of a single pore (gt), therefore, was equal to the summation of the molecular flow conductance, gm, and the hydraulic flow conductance, gh (i.e., gt = gm + gh). We then invoked the governing equation from the effective-medium approximation to determine effective conductances and, accordingly, gas relative permeabilities at various saturations. Results showed that krg varies as the log-normal distribution parameters standard deviation (σ) and geometric mean pore radius (rm) alter. By comparison with two- and three-dimensional pore-network model simulations, we found that the proposed model estimated gas relative permeability accurately, particularly in three dimensions. We also estimated krg from the pore-throat size distribution derived from measured mercury intrusion capillary pressure (MICP) curve for three experiments (i.e., Eagle Ford, Pierre, and Barnnet) and found that krg of Barnnet was remarkably less than that of Pierre and Eagle Ford.
Quantitative Evaluation of Fluvial Reservoir Geologic Model Uncertainties Using Virtual Outcrops
Authors: Cai Mingyu , Su Yuliang , Sun Zhixue , Li Lei , Yuan Bin
Published: October 2018

The uncertainties of fluvial reservoir geologic model are notably high due to complicated geological conditions and unknown strong heterogeneity. However, previous uncertainty analysis approaches mainly focus on qualitative evaluation. In this work, we proposed a novel workflow to quantify and optimize the geologic model uncertainties using the virtual outcrops.

First, the 3D geologic model is built by the virtual outcrops and geology database is established by the fine description of modern sedimentations, geologic outcrops and dense spacing areas. Next, geologic modeling algorithm is optimally selected based on the complexities of target reservoirs, computational speed and the shape of sand bodies. In this work, three indicators are proposed to evaluate the accuracy of geologic models, including matching coefficient of digital grey images to virtual outcrops, consistency of braided stream facies morphology and connectivity of inter-well effective sand bodies.

For the braided channel in Sulige field examples, the width of channel belt is 1500~3500m and the average sand thickness is 5m. For channel bar, the width is 350~650m, the length is 800~1500m and the thickness is 3~6m. The virtual outcrops help determine the vertical sequence and planar characteristics of sedimentary facies and sand bodies. The comparisons between established model and virtual outcrops indicate that the accuracy of geologic models increases as the denseness of hard data becomes smaller and the optimal well spacing and row spacing match up with the sand body size and average well spacing of studied area. The evaluation system proposed in this work demonstrates the degree of geologic reproduction, reasonability and partial uncertainty of the models to the real reservoir.

The value of this work is to provide a novel practical approach to optimize and quantify the uncertainties of geologic model. Furthermore, the established workflow can further be applied to identify the most significant controlling factor to determine geologic modeling in unconventional reservoirs.
Santa Teresa de Jesús, escritora creativa, escritora femenina
Authors: Naranjo Quintero Verónica , Ramírez Tamayo Natacha
Published: October 2018

El presente artículo pretende realizar una lectura hermenéutica de la persona de santa Teresa de Jesús a través de algunos de sus escritos, resaltando su modo de escribir y su pensamiento creativo desde su perspectiva de mujer. En su modo de escribir ella se presenta como una mujer totalmente recursiva que usa figuras literarias para describir y transmitir su experiencia de Dios y, en su pensamiento creativo, deja entrever cómo la espiritualidad debe conducir a la práctica y al desarrollo del ser femenino en cuanto tal, siendo ambas posibilidades actuales formas de vida de la espiritualidad cristiana.
Editorial Franciscanum 169
Authors: Bonilla Morales Jaime Laurence
Published: October 2018

Editorial Franciscanum 169
Dios habla hoy. En busca de un nuevo modo de entender la revelación
Authors: Costadoat Jorge
Published: October 2018

La teología latinoamericana de la liberación ha querido ser reconocida como una nueva manera de hacer teología. Sin embargo, no siempre es claro entre los autores en qué consiste esta novedad. Vistos los textos con atención, descubrimos que, en realidad, no todos piensan lo mismo. Por cierto, no usan el término «lugar teológico» con el mismo significado. Por lo general lo utilizan como sinónimo de «lugar hermenéutico». Lo más interesante, en todo caso, es que en algunos de ellos asoma una novedad teológica mayor. A saber, que el contexto histórico actual ha de considerarse un lugar en el cual Dios se «revela» hoy.
The Chao Phraya River Basin: water quality and anthropogenic influences
Authors: Singkran Nuanchan , Anantawong Pitchaya , Intharawichian Naree , Kunta Karika
Published: October 2018

Land use influences and trends in water quality parameters were determined for the Chao Phraya River, Thailand. Dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) showed significant trends (R2 ≥ 0.5) across the year, while total phosphorus (TP) and faecal coliform bacteria (FCB) showed significant trends only in the wet season. DO increased, but BOD, NO3-N, and TP decreased, from the lower section (river kilometres (rkm) 7–58 from the river mouth) through the middle section (rkm 58–143) to the upper section (rkm 143–379) of the river. Lead and mercury showed weak/no trends (R2 < 0.5). Based on the river section, major land use groups were a combination of urban and built-up areas (43%) and aquaculture (21%) in the lower river basin, paddy fields (56%) and urban and built-up areas (21%) in the middle river basin, and paddy fields (44%) and other agricultural areas (34%) in the upper river basin. Most water quality and land use attributes had significantly positive or negative correlations (at P ≤ 0.05) among each other. The river was in crisis because of high FCB concentrations. Serious measures are suggested to manage FCB and relevant human activities in the river basin.
Synthesis of thin-film composite forward osmosis membranes for removing organic micro-pollutants from aqueous solutions
Authors: Saeedi-Jurkuyeh Alireza , Jonidi Jafari Ahmad
Published: October 2018

In this study, a thin-film composite (TFC) forward osmosis membrane was synthesized and characterized with various concentrations (15%, 16%, 17% and 18%) of polysulfone for the removal of two organic micro-pollutants, namely phenol and benzene from the aqueous solutions. Synthesis of a thin-film composite membrane with a support layer carried out by dissolving an amount of polysulfone polymer and polyvinyl pyrrolidone in N-methyl,2-pyrrolidone via phase inversion process and a thin-film layer of the polyamide M-phenylenediamine (MPD) and 1,3,5-benzene trichloride by interfacial polymerization reaction for the fabrication of the TFC were examined. Water flux and reverse salt flux decreased with increasing the concentration of polysulfone polymer. The composite membranes with polysulfone at 16% and 17% had even higher efficiencies. Also, by increasing the concentration of the draw solution, further phenol and benzene could be removed. The highest rejection rates of phenol (polar) and benzene (nonpolar) were found to be 79% and 90%, respectively. The results showed the capability of the thin-film composite forward osmosis (TFC-FO) membranes for removing organic micro-pollutants from the aqueous solutions under different operating conditions, with the efficiency of removing nonpolar compounds being higher.
No Compliance Correction of Class II Malocclusion in Growing Patients Whit HERBST Appliance: A Case Report
Authors: Portelli M. , Militi A. , Cicciù M. , Lo Giudice A. , Cervino G. , Fastuca R. , Nucera R.
Published: October 2018

Background:

Class II malocclusion is the most common sagittal skeletal discrepancy, with a prevalent skeletal pattern of mandibular retrusion. The correction of mandibular retrusion with functional removable appliance needs a good patient’s compliance; for this reason, some clinicians prefer to use no compliance apparatus.

Objective:

Objective of the present therapy note is to demonstrate that the use of no compliance apparatus can provide a good correction of skeletal class II malocclusion.

Methods:

In the present study, authors report a therapy note referred to a 10 years old patient, woman, affected by Class II, with mandibular retrusion and deep bite, treated in 2013 at the Dep. of Orthodontics of Messina University. An orthodontic treatment has been planned with the aim of stimulating mandibular growth; an Herbst appliance with a cantilever design, bonded on first maxillary and mandibular molars, has been used. After eleven months of functional therapy a bilateral molar class I have been obtained.

Results:

In the therapy note proposed, authors obtained a resolution of mandibular retrusion, a correction of overjet, overbite and dental crowding in both arches, and a bilateral molar and canine class I has been achieved.

Conclusion:

Herbst appliance seems to be efficient in the correction of II Class Malocclusion, independently from patient’s cooperation; moreover , early correction of Class II malocclusion with functional appliances produces several clinical advantages.
Orthodontic Fixed Appliance and Periodontal Status: An Updated Systematic Review
Authors: Cerroni Silvia , Pasquantonio Guido , Condò Roberta , Cerroni Loredana
Published: October 2018

Background:

Periodontal implications of orthodontic therapy are frequent, gingival and periodontal conditions need to be evaluated for every appointment. Several studies have analyzed the effects of fixed appliance on periodontal health.

Objective:

To evaluate whether there is updated scientific evidence on the relationship between fixed orthodontic therapy and periodontal health.

Methods:

A literature search was performed using the Pubmed and Cochrane databases and manual search; the search was carried out using the keywords “orthodontic” and “periodontal”. Articles published only in the English language from January 1997 to April 2017 were included. The inclusion criteria were: RCTs, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and case-control studies only in English language; only studies on humans, with a minimum sample size of 20 patients and no restriction in terms of patient ages; orthodontic fixed appliances placed into the buccal tooth surface; standardization and training in oral hygiene; Periodontal Index (PI), Gingival Index (GI), Bleeding on Probing (BOP), Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), at least at baseline (before appliance was placed) and after follow up (with a minimum period of 3 months). The exclusion criteria were as follows: absence of baseline data before fixed appliances was placed; patients with systemic diseases, periodontal disease or craniofacial anomalies; removable appliances or orthodontic appliance on the lingual dental surface; and no standardization or training in oral hygiene.

Studies were selected by abstract and title; then, inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied. The studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were evaluated and classified as having low, moderate or high methodology quality.

Results:

Fifty-five records were reviewed on the basis of title and abstract. After full-text reading, 47 full texts were excluded, and 3 articles were classified as having low methodological quality and 5 as having moderate methodological quality.

Conclusions:

The present systematic analysis suggests that there is moderate scientific evidence that a fixed appliance influences periodontal status; no article reported a high score.
Oral Lichenoid Lesion Manifesting as Desquamative Gingivitis: Unlikely Association? Case Report
Authors: Lopes de Oliveira Lívia  Maria , Batista Luiz Henrique Carvalho , Neto Alexandrino Pereira dos Santos , Silva Luciano Barreto , Cimões Renata , Leão Jair Carneiro , Cintra Maria Leticia , Ribeiro Camila Maria Béder
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

The aim of this report is to present a clinical case of oral lichenoid lesions associated with amalgam restorations with the presence of desquamative gingivitis for a nine months follow up period.

Case Report:

The histopathologic characteristics and direct immunofluorescence were compatible with Oral Lichenoid Lesion (LLO). Diagnosis was based on a synthesis of all available information, including medical history, clinical examination, histopathology and the results of specific tests, such as the patch test, which confirmed allergy to thimerosal, an organic compound of mercury.

Discussion:

The replacement of amalgam restorations has brought improvements to the instrument, as evidenced by the disappearance of desquamative gingivitis, aspect erythematosus and erosive lesions. The fading does not complete the same, however, indicates the need to continue has been under continuous observation, the patient, having in view the possibility of the existence of an underlying lichen planus.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial on Clinical Efficacy of Topical Agents in Reducing Pain and Frequency of Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers
Authors: Sharma Renu , Pallagatti Shambulingappa , Aggarwal Amit , Sheikh Soheyl , Singh Ravinder , Gupta Deepak
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers (RAU) is one of the most common oral ulcerative Disease of the oral mucosa with high recurrence rate. Standard topical treatment options provide symptomatic relief with few have been found to be effective in treating or relieving the symptoms.

Aim:

The study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy of various topical agents in order to find the better treatment modality so as to decrease the number, size, exudate level and discomfort associated with pain with RAU.

Materials and methods:

The patients diagnosed with minor recurrent aphthous ulcers fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. All the baseline parameters were measured by the principal investigator. The treatment modality was assigned by generating a randomization list by computer software, double-blinded in consecutively numbered sealed envelopes. The topical treatment modalities that were included: 5% Amlexanox, 0.1% Triamcinolone Acetonide, 20% Benzocaine gel, 100 mg Doxycycline hyclatemixed with denture adhesive and normal saline (20:2:1); The study was placebo controlled in which placebo gel 10 gm was used. The size, no of ulcers, pain, erythema and exudate level were measured by the principal investigator at days 1, 4, 8 and 10. All quantitative variables were estimated using measures of central tendency (mean, median) and measures of dispersion (standard deviation). Qualitative or categorical variables were described as frequencies or proportions. Proportions were compared using Post Hoc Test and N Par Tests. Effectiveness was checked using p-value (< 0.005).

Results:

It was observed that 0.1% Triamcinolone Acetonide and 5% Amlexanox proven to be more efficacious in the reduction of size, Number, Pain, Erythema and Exudate Levels at day 8, (p = .000*) and at day 10 (p =. 000*) as compared to single application of 100 mg Doxycycline Hyclate, 20% Benzocaine gel and the placebo, which was statistically significant. VAS scale was significant for 100 mg Doxycycline Hyclate and 20% Benzocaine gel.

Conclusion:

The selected topical treatment modality can deliver cheap, effective and safe drug therapy which benefits the patient in refining their regular activities and everyday events of life.
Assessment of Masseter Muscle Appearance and Thickness in Edentulous and Dentate Patients by Ultrasonography
Authors: Mayil Meltem , Keser Gaye , Demir Arzu , Pekiner Filiz Namdar
Published: October 2018

Objectives:

The purpose of the present study was to examine ultrasonographic appearances of Masseter Muscle (MM) in dentate and edentulous patients without Temporomandibular Disorder (TMD).

Materials and Methods:

The thickness of the MM in 25 dentate (mean age: 30,68 ± 10,49) and 24 edentulous (mean age: 61,46 ± 9,71) patients, who visited routine dental examination, was measured at rest and at maximum contraction bilaterally. Examinations were performed using an Aloka Prosound α6 (Hitachi Aloka Medical Systems, Tokyo, Japan) equipped with an 8 MHz-wide bandwidth linear active matrix transducer (ranging from 1 to 15 MHz). The visibility and width of the internal echogenic bands of the MM were also assessed and the muscle appearance was classified as I of III types. Type I, characterized by the clear visibility of the fine bands; Type II, thickening echogenicity of the bands; Type III, disappearance or reduction in a number of the bands.

Results:

MM thickness at rest and contraction in the dentate group were significantly higher than the edentulous group (p <0.05). Type I was the most common echogenic type in both dentate (right:16 (64%), left; 15 (60%)) and edentulous patients (right; 22 (91.7%), left; 18 (75%)). In a dentate group, type II was significantly higher than the edentulous group in both the right and left sides (p <0.05; p <0.01, respectively). Age and gender seemed to have no significant effect on the echogenic type (p ˃0.05).

Conclusion:

There were significant differences in the thickness at rest and contraction between the dentate and edentulous groups. It was clarified that ultrasonographic features of the MM in dentate and edentulous patients were different.
Correlation of Condylar Translation During Maximal Mouth Opening with Presence of Signs of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders in an Asymptomatic Population of 18-25 Years Age Group of Northern India
Authors: Gupta Deepak , Sheikh Soheyl , Pallagatti Shambulingappa , Singh Ravinder , Aggarwal Amit
Published: October 2018

Objective(s):

The objective of this study was to determine the frequency of “subluxation” and presence of clinical signs of Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (TMD) in asymptomatic individuals and its distribution according to age and sex.

Materials and Methods:

The material investigated comprised of 200 asymptomatic subjects with 400 joints. The subjects were divided into two groups of 18-25 years and 50-60 years of age consisting of equal number of males and females. Clinical examination involved measurement of maximal inter-incisal distance, joint sounds and deviation. For radiological examination, Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) open mouth close mouth view option (TMJ1/2) was used on a Digital Panoramic Machine. All the radiographs were traced to assess subluxation and anterior translation of the condyle. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSSInc., Chicago, IL, version 15.0 for Windows).

Results:

The prevalence of the signs of TMDs in the asymptomatic population was found to be very high and more predominant in females as compared to males. Furthermore, the older age group had comparatively less signs of TMDs. It was of interest that the subjects presenting with clinical signs of TMD were significantly less as compared to the subjects presenting with subluxation. The value of anterior translation was found to be more in females in the younger age group as compared to the males. Similarly, it was more in males as compared to females in older age group. But the mean anterior translation difference in females in 18-25 years and 50-60 years showed a statistically significant difference withP-value 0.017.

Conclusion:

Subluxation is a very common feature found in almost all the subjects in this study with a high prevalence. Hence, we may assume that the increased incidence of TMDs could be a direct result of the phenomena of subluxation. The decrease in mandibular length could be the cause of decreased mouth opening and increased subluxation.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology in Lesions of Oral Cavity and Salivary Glands: A Clinico-Pathological Study
Authors: Shalley Shubhangi , Chand Nasib , Aggarwal Amit , Garg Laxmi Narayan , Yadav Varuni , Yadav Aashit
Published: October 2018

Objective:

Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) is a rapid, reliable and safe diagnostic tool used for various lesions of the oral cavity and salivary glands. The present study was undertaken to categorize the cytomorphology of the oral cavity and salivary gland lesions on FNAC and to assess the accuracy of FNAC in arriving at a diagnosis.

Materials and Methods:

A prospective study on oral cavity swellings and salivary gland aspirates was done during a 2 year period from August 2015 to July 2017 in which a total of 70 FNAC’s were performed. There were 12 aspirates obtained from oral cavity swellings and 58 aspirates were obtained from salivary glands. Histopathological evaluation of 65 lesions was done and was considered as gold standard. Only the lesions undergoing histopathological confirmation were included in the study. The sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic accuracy and clinical utility index were evaluated for accuracy of FNAC.

Results:

Hard palate (33.33%) was the predominantly aspirated site in the oral cavity. Parotid gland was the predominant gland aspirated (60.32%) among the involved salivary glands. Non-neoplastic lesions constituted 18.47% cases whereas neoplastic lesions were 81.53% (60.00% benign and 21.53% malignant). Pleomorphic adenoma (28.65%) was the most common benign lesion in the oral cavity involving hard palate and as salivary gland neoplasm (70.54%). Squamous cell carcinoma (60%) was the most common malignant lesion of oral cavity involving the tongue and buccal mucosa and adenoid cystic carcinoma (44.45%) was the commonest malignancy in salivary gland malignant neoplasms. The overall sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNAC in the present study were 89.5%, 100% and 85% respectively.

Conclusion:

FNAC is a safe, cost-effective and reliable technique effective in diagnosing the spectrum of different lesions in the oral and maxillofacial region.
Productivity and Biodiesel Quality of Fatty Acids Contents from Scenedesmus obliquus in Domestic Wastewater Using Phototrophic and Mixotrophic Cultivation Systems
Authors: Ruiz-Marin Alejandro , Canedo-López Yunuen , Narvaez-García Asteria , Robles-Heredia Juan Carlos , Zavala-Loria Jose del Carmen
Published: October 2018

Background:

Microalgae remove nutrients from wastewater with the possibility of grow in mixotrophic and heterotrophic cultures. However, the effluent quality can modify the profile of fatty acids and biodiesel quality.

Methods:

Phototrophic and mixotrophic (light / dark; 12/12 h) cultures ofScenedesmus obliquuson domestic wastewater (WW) and Artificial Wastewater (AW) was carried out to evaluate the lipid accumulation and fatty acid methyl esters profile. The microalgae was first cultivated in an enriched medium (90 mg N-NH4 L-1) and subsequently under nitrogen limitation (30, 20 and 10 mg N L-1) using a two-stage process for both culture media.

Results:

A higher cell density in enriched AW medium was obtained in phototrophic and mixotrophic culture of 19 x 106cell mL-1and 20 x 106cell mL-1, respectively; than for WW (13 x 106cell mL-1and 14 x 106cell mL-1, respectively). The nitrogen limitation (from 90 to 20 mg N L-1) for AW increased the lipid content by 5.0% and 17.28% under phototrophic and mixotrophic conditions, respectively and only 5% for WW in mixotrophic culture.

Conclusion:

The high Cetane Number (CN) show a positive correlation with high Saturated Fatty Acids (SFA) content and negative correlation with the Degree of Saturation (DU), suggesting a good ignition of fuel. The Cold Filter Plugging Point (CFPP) (-6.02 to -8.45 °C) and Oxidative Stability (OS) (3.53 - 6.6 h) propose toScenedesmus obliquusas a candidate in the production of biodiesel and potential application for an integral urban wastewater treatment system.
Discourse on Exposure to Pornography Content Online Between Arab Adolescents and Parents: Qualitative Study on its Impact on Sexual Education and Behavior
Authors: Gesser-Edelsburg Anat , Abed Elhadi Arabia Munawar
Published: October 2018

Background

The internet revolution of the 21st century has made sexual content available and accessible on a scale that has never existed before. Many studies have indicated that the use of pornography was associated with more permissive sexual attitudes and tended to be linked with stronger gender-stereotypical sexual beliefs. It also seemed to be associated with other risky behaviors and sexual promiscuity. Pornography exposure in conservative societies leads to conflicts with religious and cultural taboos.

Objective

The aim of this study was to characterize the barriers and difficulties that prevent sexual discourse in the Arab society and enable pornography viewing according to the perceptions of adolescents and mothers.

Methods

This study involved qualitative research methods and in-depth interviews with 40 participants. This study included 20 Arab adolescents, sampled by 2 age groups (14-16 years and 16-18 years), and 20 mothers of adolescents from both sexes.

Results

The findings indicate that mothers “turn a blind eye” to porn viewing and sexual activity by boys; however, they show a sweeping prohibition and denial of such behavior by girls. Boys reported viewing porn routinely, whereas girls denied doing so, but admitted that their female friends watched porn. The study also found that boys experienced guilt during and after viewing porn as a result of the clash between modernity and traditional values. The mothers and adolescents emphasized the need for an open sexual discourse to reduce violent behaviors such as Web-based sexual harassment, including sending videos and pictures of naked girls, often accompanied by threats and blackmail.

Conclusions

It is necessary to find a way to encourage a significant sexual discourse to prevent the violent consequences of its absence in the Arab society. A controlled, transparent, and critical sexual discourse could help youth make more informed decisions concerning the search for sexual content, porn viewing, and sexual behavior.
Aesthetics and the African Women’s Lives Drama
Authors: Peter Daniel Edeh,
Published: October 2018

The philosophy that deals with the theory of beauty and ugliness is called Aesthetics. It examines the creation, appreciation, evaluation, interpretation and critique of works of art. In the same vein African women’s live drama appreciates, creates, evaluates, criticizes, interprets and expresses her feelings with regards to the works of arts as it is viewed expressed in the live style of every woman. This paper identifies among others, crops of women, moderate and radical women as well as orthodox or traditional women who accept the traditional position of women but press for peaceful coexistence in spite of men and women distinction. It takes cognisance of the wind of modernity from the west as it affects the African woman. This paper is a critical examination of Aesthetics and the African women’s world view and in appreciation of other world views. While the paper identifies certain problems in women’s lives drama generally it concludes with possible suggestion as it lays much emphasis on African culture and tradition for African Aesthetics.
EFFECTIVENESS OF CHLORHEXIDINE BATH, SALINE BATH, AND STANDARD BATH ON BACTERIAL COLONIZATION ON THE SKIN
Authors: Abraham Divya , Ravindran Vinitha , Rose Vinsley , Michael Joy Sarojini
Published: October 2018

Objective: The main objective of the study was to determine whether bathing with 2% chlorhexidine or 0.9% saline or standard soap and water will reduce the bacterial colony count on skin effectively.Methods: Quantitative approach with experimental design and consecutive sampling was used. The study was conducted among 102 children admitted in pediatric wards of Christian Medical College, Vellore. Swabs from axilla and groin were collected at 0 h, 2 h, and 24 h of intervention to determine the bacterial colony count in subjects.Results: The results showed that, of 102 children, 73 (71.56%) of them had high axillary colony count and 69 (67.64%) of them had high groin colony count during admission. Majority 88.2% and 78% of them had colonization with coagulase-negative staphylococcus in the axilla and groin, respectively. There was no significant difference in the bacterial colony count in axilla at 2 and 24 h in all three groups. There was a significant difference in the bacterial colony count in groin at 2 h after the intervention in the chlorhexidine group, and the difference was not significant at 24 h. The colony count was not significantly different at 2 h post-intervention in saline and standard soap and water group but was statistically different in these groups at 24 h after the intervention.Conclusion: Chlorhexidine has shown to be effective for a shorter duration and it can be adopted for children who are undergoing invasive procedures and preoperatively in surgical wards while continuing routine standard bath for all children which is considered to be cost effective too.
EFFECTIVENESS OF MAGNESIUM SULFATE WITH GLYCERINE VERSUS COLD COMPRESS ON PATIENTS WITH PERIPHERAL INTRAVENOUS CANNULA INDUCED PHLEBITIS
Authors: Varghese Alwin T , Kt Moly
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the effectiveness of magnesium sulfate with glycerine versus cold compress on patients with a peripheral intravenous cannula (PIVC) induced phlebitis. Methods: A quasi-experimental pre-test post-test study on 60 subjects, 30 in each group, with interventions magnesium sulfate with glycerine application to one group and cold compress to another group of patients with PIVC induced phlebitis was done in a tertiary care hospital, Kerala. Purposive sampling with random allocation of subjects to each group was done. A standardized visual infusion phlebitis (VIP) scale was used to assess the severity of PIVC induced phlebitis. Results: Both magnesium sulfate with glycerine (MD=2.1, t29=16.16, p<0.001) and cold compress (MD=1.6, t29=17.59, p<0.001) were found to be effective in reducing the PIVC induced phlebitis. The difference in post-interventional VIP scores between application of magnesium sulfate with glycerine and cold compress was found to be statistically significant (F(1,57)=5.362*, p<0.05). The mean post-interventional VIP scores of magnesium sulfate with glycerine application (0.059) was less than the cold compress (0.274). The study concluded that magnesium sulfate with glycerine application was more effective than cold compress for treating PIVC induced phlebitis. Conclusion: The study highlights the significance of exploring the foremost effective intervention out of the many good practices currently in use in the prevention and management of phlebitis.
CELL VIABILITY ASSAY OF FICUS BENGHALENSIS LATEX SOLVENT EXTRACTS ON DIFFERENT CELL LINES
Authors: Cdsln Tulasi , M Lakshmi Narasu , L Saida
Published: October 2018

Objective: Presented here in the study, the screening for antiproliferative activity of Ficus benghalensis dried latex solvent extracts on human breast MDA MB 231, colorectal HCT116, and neuroblastoma IMR 32 cell lines.Methods: The anticancer activity of ethanol, methanol, ethyl acetate, and acetone extracts against the above-mentioned cancer cell lines as well in lymphocytes, by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-Yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT) assay and propidium iodide staining was used to observe the morphological changes occurred in the cell due to the affect of latex extract.Results: Among all the extracts, ethanol extract was found to be effective against IMR 32 and HCT 116 whereas ethyl acetate extract in case of MDA MB 231 cell line with 50% inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) 123.27±2.5 μg/ml, 99.82±9.06 μg/ml, and 75.66± 6.3, respectively.Conclusion: The extracts were found to be less toxic on peripheral blood lymphocytes. The IC50 value of the cytotoxic activity measured using MTT dye indicated that the extracts were efficient in inhibition of the cell proliferation of these cell lines.
SYNTHESIS, SPECTRAL CHARACTERIZATION OF SCHIFF BASE COMPLEXES BASED ON PYRIMIDINE MOIETY WITH MOLECULAR DOCKING WITH BIOMOLECULES
Authors: D Mohanambal , S Arulantony
Published: October 2018

Objective: Aim of this study is to synthesize new bidentate complexes of type MX2. nH2O with 4 amino antipyrine and ethyl 4-methyl-2-oxo-6- phenylhexahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate (DHPM) and to characterize their properties, namely elemental analysis, conductivity measurements, and spectral characteristics and to establish the binding between the Schiff base ligands and complexes with human epidermis cancer cells (Hep-2) through molecular docking.Method: A new bidentate complexes were synthesized by condensation reaction of MX2·nH2O (M = Cu (II), Zn (II), Co (II)) with 4-aminoantipyrine (A) and DHPM in methanol under atmospheric pressure.Results: All the compounds have been characterized by elemental analysis, conductance measurements, magnetic moments, and spectroscopy techniques such as ultraviolet–visible, infrared (IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, and electron spin resonance (ESR). The IR showed that nature of functional group present in the ligand (Lp) acts as neutral bidentate through the azomethane nitrogen atom and carbonyl oxygen moiety and its complexes formation. The ESR spectral data of copper complex provided information about their structure on the basis of Hamiltonian parameters and degree of covalency. The antimicrobial (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus subtilis, and aureus) and antifungal (Candida and Aspergillus niger) activities of the complexes were tested against various microorganism by disc diffusion method.Conclusion: The antimicrobial activity indicates that the metal complexes are more active than the ligand. Molecular docking was used to predict the binding between the Schiff base ligands and complexes with human epidermis cancer cells (Hep-2).
ANALYTICAL METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF DABIGATRAN ETEXILATE RELATED SUBSTANCE IN PHARMACEUTICAL DOSAGE FORM BY REVERSE‑PHASE – HIGH‑PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY
Authors: Nawale Rajesh , Pol Shankar , Puranik Prashant , Daud Anwar , Rajkondawar Vishal
Published: October 2018

Objective: The objective of the study was to develop and validate new, simple, and selective reverse-phase–high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method for the quantitative determination of Dabigatran Etexilate (DE) and its impurities in pharmaceutical dosage form as per the International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.Method: Chromatographic analysis was performed on Princeton SPHER-l00 C18 (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) HPLC column, maintained at 50°C column temperatures, 6°C sample tray temperature, and detection monitored at 225 nm. The mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile:phosphate buffer (pH 2.5) (33:67 V/V). The flow rate was maintained at 1.0 ml/min.Results: The system suitability results indicate good performance of the system. Specificity study indicates that there is no interference of placebo and blank. The percentage relative standard deviation (RSD) of six preparations for known and unknown impurity in the sample solution is found below 10%; hence, the method is precise. The calibration curve for DE (unknown impurity), Impurity A was linear from 0.38 to 4.5 μg/ml (correlation coefficients [r2] for unknown Impurity [DE] and Impurity A are 0.996 and 0.999, respectively). The calibration curve for Impurity B and Impurity E was linear from 0.38 to 9.00 μg/ml (r2 for Impurity B and Impurity E are 0.999 and 0.999, respectively); hence, the method is linear. Accuracy for DE (unknown Impurity), Impurity A, Impurity B, and Impurity E are found within 80%–120%; hence, the method is accurate. The percentage RSD for a standard solution is found below 5% up to 24 h, and percentage impurity change in the sample solution is found below 0.1% up to 18 h; hence, standard solution is stable up to 24 h, and sample solution is stable up to 18 h.Conclusion: The developed method is new, simple, adequate, specific, precise, linear, and accurate for the determination of DE and its impurities in pharmaceutical dosage forms.
FORMULATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF PAPAIN LOADED SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES AGAINST HUMAN COLORECTAL ADENOCARCINOMA CELL LINE
Authors: Chandran Suriyakala Perumal , Nachimuthu Kannikaparameswari
Published: October 2018

Objective: Colorectal cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancer and also most common gastrointestinal malignancy with high prevalence rate in the younger population. Usually, cancer cells are surrounded by a fibrin coat which is resistant to fibrinolytic degradation. This fibrin coat is act as self-protective against natural killing mechanism. The main objective was to prepare papain-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (P-SLN) by melt dispersion-ultrasonication method and investigated the cytotoxic efficacy against colorectal adenocarcinoma (human colorectal adenocarcinoma [HCT 15]) cells.Methods: Optimized polymer ratio was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, entrapment efficiency, particle size and zeta potential analysis, in vitro drug release, and in vitro cytotoxicity studies on HCT-15 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells.Results: The results showed that the particle size, morphological character and zeta potential value of optimized batch P-SLN were 265 nm, spherical and −26.5 Mv, respectively. The in vitro drug profile of P-SLN exhibited that it produced sustain drug release, and the cell viability of HCT-15 against P-SLN shown better efficacy than pure papain enzyme.Conclusion: P-SLNs were successfully prepared and investigated the in vitro drug release and in vitro cell viability against HCT-15 cell line.
MORPHOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF BRUCEINE A ON THE LARVAE OF AEDES AEGYPTI LINNAEUS (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE)
Authors: Sutiningsih Dwi , Mustofa Mustofa , Satoto Tri Baskoro Tunggul , Martono Edhi
Published: October 2018

Objective: This study aimed to determine a target of action of bruceine A on the basis of its morphological and histological effects on the larvae of Aedes aegypti Linnaeus.Methods: Bruceine A was isolated from Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. seeds in accordance with the Mangungsong method. Larvae of A. Aegypti (L.) in instar III to the beginning of instar IV were treated with various concentrations of bruceine A. The negative control group did not receive any treatment, whereas the positive control group received 1 ppm temefos. Dead larvae were collected after 24 h of treatment for the examination of morphological and histological changes.Results: The negative control group did not exhibit any morphological and histological changes. Larvae treated with bruceine A, however, had visible damaged heads, cuticles, digestive and respiration tracts, respiratory siphons, and setae, and they were smaller than normal larvae. Larvae treated with temefos exhibited gastrointestinal damage, narrowed breathing tubes, cuticle damage, and detached/damaged seta feathers. The necrosis of gastrointestinal epithelial cells was the major histological change exhibited by larvae treated with various concentrations of bruceine A or 1 ppm temefos.Conclusion: The targets of action of bruceine A in A. aegypti (L.) larvae are the head/caput, cuticle, setae, siphon, and gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts.