bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficacy of probiotics combined with metformin and a calorie-restricted diet in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Luo Jin , Li Zhenyu , Wang Zhibin , Ding Yashuang , Gao Peng , Li Yuping
Published: February 2025

Objective: To explore the efficacy of probiotics combined with metformin and a calorie-restricted diet in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Methods: Clinical data of 141 obese PCOS patients treated in the 73rd Group Army Hospital from June 2021 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were grouped according to the treatment records: metformin group (n=69), patients treated with metformin and a calorie-restricted diet) and combined group (n=72, patients treated with probiotics combined with metformin and a calorie-restricted diet). Levels of endocrine hormone indicators, Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR), Fasting blood glucose (FPG), gut microbiota status, and Body mass index (BMI) were compared before and after the treatment in two groups.
Results: After the treatment, the levels of endocrine hormone indicators, HOMA-IR, and FPG in both groups were significantly reduced compared to pre-treatment levels and were significantly lower in the combined group compared to the metformin group (P<0.05). Abundance of gut microbiota and Shannon Wiener diversity index in both groups significantly increased after the treatment and were markedly higher in the combined group than in the metformin group (P<0.05). Treatment led to a significant reduction in the body mass index (BMI) in all patients (P<0.05). However, post-treatment BMI was comparable in the two groups (P>0.05).
Conclusions: In obese patients with PCOS, adding probiotics to the metformin and calorie-restricted diet regimen is more effective in regulating hormone levels, improving blood sugar and insulin resistance, regulating gut microbiota status, and reducing BMI than metformin combined with calorie-restricted diet alone.
doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.3.10554
How to cite this: Luo J, Li Z, Wang Z, Ding Y, Gao P, Li Y. Efficacy of probiotics combined with metformin and a calorie-restricted diet in obese patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Pak J Med Sci. 2025;41(3):657-661. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.41.3.10554
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Community preparedness for earthquake disasters: A preliminary assessment of awareness and disaster infrastructure response in Cianjur, West Java-Indonesia
Authors: Sutrisno Dewayany , Suwarno Yatin , Rahadiati Ati , Habibie Muhammad Iqbal , Putra Prabu Kresna , Prayogi Hari , Widodo Amien , Sabrina Fathia Zulfati , Kosasih Ahmad
Published: February 2025

Background The danger of earthquakes poses a serious threat to people worldwide. One of the most significant challenges is preparing communities to cope effectively with this disaster. Therefore, understanding earthquake hazards is critically important for preparedness, mitigation, and an effective response to this threat. This report aims to observe and conduct a preliminary assessment of the degree to which community preparedness for earthquake disasters has been implemented. Methods Empirical data were obtained from survey respondents and interviews. The respondents were members of a community affected by the Cianjur earthquake, which occurred on November 21, 2022. The data were analysed using the mean range approach, based on Likert scales. Additionally, the Spearman correlation method was employed to indicate the relationship between community awareness and infrastructure readiness. Result Based on empirical evidence and preliminary analysis, it is evident that the preparedness of the community to respond effectively to earthquake catastrophes is inadequate. An apparent lack of readiness is observed in the inadequate construction of housing that fails to meet disaster standards, and the absence of disaster response facilities is notable. Conclusions Based on our initial assumption, it appears that knowledge related to disaster resilience in this area has not been adequately disseminated or socialized. However, this premise requires further investigation.
Manizales Más: la construcción del ecosistema de emprendimiento en Caldas a través de alianzas
Authors: Ramírez Correa Elizabeth
Published: February 2025

La historia empieza en 2009, ya que a partir de la Ley 1014 de 2006 se otorgan facultades a entidades públicas, privadas y académicas para crear las redes regionales de emprendimiento. Con varias instituciones y el apoyo del Ministerio de Comercio, Industria y Turismo (MinComercio), se inició la exploración del emprendimiento en Caldas. Este se consolida en 2012 con el nacimiento de Manizales Más, alianza de actores públicos, privados y académicos que, inicialmente de la mano de Babson College, desarrollan el ecosistema de emprendimiento. En este capítulo, se encontrará el detalle de cómo se ha logrado, los resultados y los retos. En 2022, Caldas es elegida para hacer parte de la octava cohorte del Massachusetts Institute of Technology Regional Entrepreneurship Acceleration Program (MIT REAP) para fortalecer el ecosistema con innovación y tecnología, haciendo parte de 70 regiones en el mundo beneficiadas.
Experiencias de formación en competencias emprendedoras de niños y jóvenes en contextos de alta vulnerabilidad por medio de la formación socioemocional usando las TIC y herramientas gamificadas
Authors: Aponte Mónica , Ruiz Sebastián
Published: February 2025

Este trabajo quiere dar a conocer las experiencias de formación en competencias emprendedoras de niños y jóvenes en contextos de alta vulnerabilidad en el Valle del Cauca y Cauca, por medio de la formación socioemocional, usando las tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación y las herramientas gamificadas. Cuando el ser humano atraviesa las diferentes etapas de la vida, fomenta cambios en su sistema de creencias, en la relación con su cuerpo, mundo y emocionalidad. Estos cambios propician creatividad en la que se tienen condiciones para que los procesos de innovación social se manifiesten como respuesta al deseo interno por transformar ciertas condiciones de vida con las que no se está satisfecho. A partir de los resultados de la experiencia del programa Fénix, se muestra cómo se contribuye al fortalecimiento en el bienestar y la salud mental, reflejando cómo con este programa se generan garantías para obtener emprendedores más productivos, prósperos y felices.
Understanding eating disorders
Authors: Virgo Hope
Published: February 2025

Children with eating disorders are going undiagnosed due to lack of awareness among professionals
Briefing: child wellbeing measure
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: February 2025

What might a national measure of child wellbeing look like if the government was to pursue it?
Time to transform information sharing
Authors: Dodd Matthew
Published: February 2025

Matthew Dodd, head of policy and communications, the National Children's Bureau
AGENCY SOCIAL WORKERS IN CHILDREN'S SERVICES
Authors: Bidwell Bronwyn
Published: February 2025

New government guidance sets expectations around the use of agency social workers in children's services including when it comes to cost. Bronwyn Bidwell explores the impact on staff and services
Mentors support young people back to learning
Authors: Crown Hannah
Published: February 2025

The Safe Taskforce programme in Leeds aims to intervene early with young people at risk of involvement in violence and help them re-engage with education
SEND crisis: key challenges and five solutions to fix the system
Authors: Hayes Derren
Published: February 2025

A report by influential MPs concludes the special educational needs and disabilities system is failing to deliver for children and is unsustainable for councils. It puts forward proposals to address the problems
A Study on the Translation of Spoken English from Speech to Text
Authors: Zhang Ying
Published: February 2025

Rapid translation of spoken English is conducive to international communication. This paper briefly introduces a convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm for converting English speech to text and a long short-term memory (LSTM) algorithm for machine translation of English text. The two algorithms were combined for spoken English translation. Then, simulation experiments were performed by comparing the speech recognition performance among the CNN algorithm, the hidden Markov model, and the back-propagation neural network algorithm and comparing the machine translation performance with the LSTM algorithm and the recurrent neural network algorithm. Moreover, the performance of the spoken English translation algorithms combining different recognition algorithms was compared. The results showed that the CNN speech recognition algorithm, the LSTM machine translation algorithm and the combined spoken English translation algorithm had the best performance and sufficient anti-noise ability. In conclusion, utilizing a CNN for converting English speech to texts and LSTM for machine translation of the converted English text can effectively enhance the performance of translating spoken English.
Adam Smith’s blind spot
Authors: Guerra-Pujol F.E.
Published: February 2025

This article connects Adam Smith’s maxims of taxation—as well as a possible precursor to Smith’s maxims: Roussel de la Tour’s Richesses de l’Etat—with Geoffrey Brennan and James Buchanan’s critique of optimal taxation theory. Among other things, Brennan and Buchanan’s critique of the optimality criterion fills an important gap not only in the optimal taxation literature but also in Adam Smith’s thought.
Investigating the impact of different time delays between OCT signal and k-clock signal on the structural and vascular imaging in SS-OCT
Authors: Chen Miaohua , Lu Zhaodong , Tang Peijun , Lan Gongpu , Huang Yanping , Qin Jia , An Lin , Qiu Haixia , Xu Jingjiang
Published: February 2025

High-quality swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) imaging systems require precise synchronization between the OCT signal and the k-clock signal. However, in practical applications, an uncertain time delay between these signals can cause inaccurate k-space sampling, leading to degraded imaging resolution. This study first simulates the axial resolution degradation curve caused by varying time delays and experimentally validates the results. Additionally, the effects of different time delays on both OCT structural and blood flow images are systematically investigated through experiments. To address this issue, a numerical calibration method is implemented to compensate for the nonlinear phase component. This approach involves acquiring two reflection signals at different depths, unwrapping the phase, performing high-order polynomial fitting, and removing nonlinear phase components induced by time delay, which effectively corrects the resolution degradation. Experiments conducted on semi-transparent white tape, blood flow phantom, and human nailfold demonstrate that the proposed correction algorithm significantly improves the axial resolution of both structural and blood flow images. The findings indicate that our investigation and the developed calibration method are instrumental in reconstructing high-resolution SS-OCT images, which are essential for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment monitoring in clinical applications.
Single-pixel three-dimensional imaging based on 2D compressed sensing algorithm
Authors: Ouyang Zongguang , Yu Zhan , Wei Yi , Wang Daili , Kou Yu , Li Ying , Yuan Sheng , Zhang Zhijian , Zhou Dingfu , Zhou Xin
Published: February 2025

In recent years, non-scanning three-dimensional imaging technology has become increasingly widespread in the field of rapid detection and recognition. Due to the characteristics of integrating signal compression and sampling, compressed sensing only requires a small amount of measurement data to reconstruct the original signal, making itself highly suitable for fast three-dimensional imaging. Based on the proposed new two-dimensional compressed sensing algorithm V2DALM, combined with the time-of-flight measurement principle, this paper achieves single-pixel, non-scanning imaging of three-dimensional objects. The feasibility of algorithm V2DALM in 3D imaging is verified by the principle experimental results. Compared with the other two algorithms 2DPG-ED and TVAL3 in simulation, it can be found that under similar imaging quality, the reconstruction time of algorithm V2DALM is significantly shorter than that of TVAL3; under the same sampling rate, the noise resistance of algorithm V2DALM is significantly better than that of 2DPG-ED. Consequently, this method can be potentially applied to facilitate the rapid reconstruction of high-resolution depth maps of three-dimensional objects.
Macrophage invasion into the Drosophila brain requires JAK/STAT-dependent MMP activation in the blood–brain barrier
Authors: Winkler Bente , Funke Dominik , Klämbt Christian
Published: February 2025

The central nervous system is well-separated from external influences by the blood–brain barrier. Upon surveillance, infection or neuroinflammation; however, peripheral immune cells can enter the brain where they often cause detrimental effects. To invade the brain, immune cells not only have to breach cellular barriers, but they also need to traverse associated extracellular matrix barriers. Neither in vertebrates nor in invertebrates is it fully understood how these processes are molecularly controlled. We recently established Drosophila melanogaster as a model to elucidate peripheral immune cell invasion into the brain. Here, we show that neuroinflammation leads to the expression of Unpaired cytokines that activate the JAK/STAT signaling pathway in glial cells of the blood–brain barrier. This in turn triggers the expression of matrix metalloproteinases enabling remodeling of the extracellular matrix enclosing the fly brain and a subsequent invasion of immune cells into the brain. Our study demonstrates conserved mechanisms underlying immune cell invasion of the nervous system in invertebrates and vertebrates and could, thus, further contribute to understanding of JAK/STAT signaling during neuroinflammation.
Trends and determinants of complete vaccination coverage among children aged 12–59 months: An analysis of Bénin Demographic and Health Surveys from 1996 to 2018
Authors: Gnimatin Jean-Pierre , Agossou Shiméa M. , Hinde Lauryn L. A. , Ndago Joyce Aputere , Dankwah Emmanuel Owusu , Segnon Joël , Ho Quynh Ngoc Thuy , Adokiya Martin Nyaaba
Published: February 2025

Vaccination is pivotal for global public health, yet achieving complete coverage among children in low-income countries remains challenging. This study assessed vaccination trends in children aged 12–59 months using Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) data from 1996 to 2018 in Bénin. The study incorporated a range of independent variables sourced from prior studies. The data was processed and analyzed using R version 4.2.0, employing a combination of inferential and descriptive statistical techniques. Both univariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore the determinants of complete vaccination coverage. The trend of complete childhood vaccination coverage in Bénin has shown fluctuations, with rates increasing from 47% in 1996 to 55% in 2017–2018. Higher levels of parental education -fathers (aOR 1.41; 95% CI 1.15–1.73) and mothers (aOR 1.69; CI 1.12–2.57), and urban residence (aOR 1.08; CI 1.00–1.16), were associated with complete childhood vaccination coverage. This association was also found for other factors such as antenatal care visits (aOR 1.15; CI 1.04–1.28) and deliveries at healthcare facilities (aOR 2.48; CI 2.22–2.77). Despite significant progress overtime, challenges persist, particularly among younger and rural mothers. Targeted interventions, like community-based vaccination advocacy and effective reminder systems, are essential to addressing these issues and improving vaccination coverage.
Improving neglected tropical disease services and integration into primary healthcare in Southern Nations, Nationalities and People’s Region, Ethiopia: Results from a mixed methods evaluation of feasibility, acceptability and cost effectiveness
Authors: Donovan Laura , Habte Tedila , Batisso Esey , Getachew Dawit , Stratil Ann-Sophie , Tekalegne Agonafer , Seife Fikre , Mariam Damen , Baker Kevin
Published: February 2025

Background

Ethiopia is one of the countries with the highest burden of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), with 16 of 20 recognised NTDs considered a public health problem, twelve of which have been identified as public health priorities by the Ethiopian Federal Ministry of Health. However, until recently NTDs have not received adequate attention at national and subnational levels in the country. This study assessed feasibility, acceptability, and cost-effectiveness of an NTD intervention when integrated into the primary health care system in Ethiopia.

Methods

This study was conducted in Damot Gale district, Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia and used a mixed methods approach to evaluate an intervention integrating four common NTDs (trachoma, lymphatic filariasis, schistosomiasis and podoconiosis) into Ethiopia’s primary healthcare system. The intervention consisted of adapted job aids, supportive supervision, and improved supplies of medical tools to improve diagnosis, management and reporting.

Results

The study found that the intervention was feasible and successful at improving the detection, management and reporting across the four common NTD’s included and had a high level of acceptance from health workers. The intervention demonstrated cost-effectiveness.

Conclusion

The findings highlight the need for further investment and consideration of integrating and scaling up NTD interventions at the primary healthcare level in Ethiopia, demonstrating that providing a package of interventions to support integration can be a cost-effective method.
Effect of infill ratios in SLA 3D printing on mechanical properties of castable wax patterns for molded shells in investment casting
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Tan , Tran Van Tron , Nguyen Van–Thuc , Nguyen Van Thanh Tien
Published: February 2025

Investment casting has become an integral part of the modern industry’s manufacturing process with high precision. However, this technology still faces several challenges that need to be addressed for process improvement, especially the complex and flexible part. This research demonstrates the possibility of applying additive manufacturing techniques (3-dimensional printing (3DP)) and castable wax in investment casting. The main objective is to investigate the effect of infill ratios on the mechanical properties of 3D printed patterns and evaluate the ability to create mold shells using the printed patterns for casting stainless steel SUS 304. The results indicate that the infill density considerably influences the printed samples’ mechanical properties, mold-creating ability, weight, and building time. The mechanical properties of the printed samples, including Young’s modulus, tensile strength, and work of extension increase from 13.08 MPa, 393.33 MPa, and 4.25 MJ/m3 to 21.72 MPa, 671.48 MPa, and 9.62 MJ/m3, respectively. Moreover, the infill ratios of printed patterns, less than 25%, can be employed to fabricate the IC mold with exceptional quality. The printed patterns’ average surface roughness (SR) is 2.49 μm, while the average SR of the casted parts is 7.33 μm. The results strongly strengthen the idea of applying the 3DP technique and castable wax substance in investment casting (IC).
Beyond the SAFE strategy: Systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence and associated factors of active trachoma among children in Ethiopia
Authors: Asmare Zufan Alamrie , Anley Denekew Tenaw , Belete Melaku Ashagrie , Dessie Anteneh Mengist , Zemene Melkamu Aderajew , Alemayehu Ermiyas , Moges Natnael , Kebede Natnael , Tsega Sintayehu Simie , Gebeyehu Asaye Alamneh , Anteneh Rahel Mulatie , Chanie Ermias Sisay
Published: February 2025

Background

Although the Surgery, Antibiotic, facial cleanliness, and environmental improvement (SAFE) strategy was adopted in Ethiopia over the last five years, there is still a high incidence of trachoma in areas with poor hygiene. In Ethiopia, a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted before the implementation of SAFE implying, a need for the update. Therefore, this review gives the updated pooled prevalence and associated factors of active trachoma in Ethiopia after the implementation of SAFE.

Method

The literature search was performed from PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, HINARI, Scopus, and Web of Sciences from January 1–30, 2024. Data were extracted by using a pre-tested and standardized data extraction format and analyzed using STATA 17 statistical software. I2 tests to appraise the heterogeneity across the included studies, a random-effect model to estimate the pooled prevalence, and a sub-group analysis to discern the viable source of heterogeneity were executed. Potential publication bias was also assessed by funnel plot, Egger’s weighted correlation, and Begg’s regression. The odds ratio with its 95% confidence was used to reckon the association between the prevalence and factors.

Result

From 504 identified studies, 20 articles were included. After the SAFE intervention, the national pooled prevalence of active trachoma among children was 21.16% (95% CI 17.28, 25.04). Fly-eye contact(Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.83, 95% CI: 2.25, 6.52), facial uncleanliness(AOR = 5.48, 95% CI: 3.02, 9.96), non-utilization of latrine (AOR = 3.30, 95% CI: 2.10, 5.18), and retrieving water from river(AOR = 2.94; 95%CI: 1.42, 6.05) were significantly associated with active trachoma.

Conclusion

In Ethiopia, the pooled prevalence of active trachoma after SAFE intervention was much higher than the World Health Organization (WHO) threshold prevalence. It continues to pose a significant public health concern and is far from the elimination of trachoma as a public health problem. Fly-eye contact, facial cleanliness, latrine utilization, and source of water increase the odds of active trachoma. Therefore, it is imperative to fine-tune the intervention focus on personal hygiene-related activities in removing dirt, fly-eye contact, and a well-structured approach for both constructing and ensuring the functionality of household taps and latrines. Additionally, It is crucial to initiate a reliable SAFE intervention in Ethiopia.
Using the TSA-LSTM two-stage model to predict cancer incidence and mortality
Authors: Khan Rabnawaz , Jie Wang
Published: February 2025

Cancer, the second-leading cause of mortality, kills 16% of people worldwide. Unhealthy lifestyles, smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, and a lack of exercise have been linked to cancer incidence and mortality. However, it is hard. Cancer and lifestyle correlation analysis and cancer incidence and mortality prediction in the next several years are used to guide people’s healthy lives and target medical financial resources. Two key research areas of this paper are Data preprocessing and sample expansion design Using experimental analysis and comparison, this study chooses the best cubic spline interpolation technology on the original data from 32 entry points to 420 entry points and converts annual data into monthly data to solve the problem of insufficient correlation analysis and prediction. Factor analysis is possible because data sources indicate changing factors. TSA-LSTM Two-stage attention design a popular tool with advanced visualization functions, Tableau, simplifies this paper’s study. Tableau’s testing findings indicate it cannot analyze and predict this paper’s time series data. LSTM is utilized by the TSA-LSTM optimization model. By commencing with input feature attention, this model attention technique guarantees that the model encoder converges to a subset of input sequence features during the prediction of output sequence features. As a result, the model’s natural learning trend and prediction quality are enhanced. The second step, time performance attention, maintains We can choose network features and improve forecasts based on real-time performance. Validating the data source with factor correlation analysis and trend prediction using the TSA-LSTM model Most cancers have overlapping risk factors, and excessive drinking, lack of exercise, and obesity can cause breast, colorectal, and colon cancer. A poor lifestyle directly promotes lung, laryngeal, and oral cancers, according to visual tests. Cancer incidence is expected to climb 18–21% between 2020 and 2025, according to 2021. Long-term projection accuracy is 98.96 percent, and smoking and obesity may be the main cancer causes.
Coal and gas outburst prediction based on data augmentation and neuroevolution
Authors: Shi Wenbing , Huang Ji , Yang Gaoming , Su Shuzhi , Jiang Shexiang
Published: February 2025

Coal and gas outburst (CGO) is a complicated natural disaster in underground coal mine production. In constructing smart mines, predicting CGO risks efficiently and accurately is necessary. This paper proposes a CGO risk prediction method based on data augmentation and a neuroevolution algorithm, denoted as ANEAT. First, sample features are applied to the transfer function using a pointwise intensity transformation to obtain new feature samples. It solves the problems of imbalanced data samples and insufficient diversity. Second, the feature importance score sorting and Sparse PCA dimensionality reduction are performed on the data-augmented samples. It provides the initial genome code for the evolutionary neural network. Finally, an evolutionary neural network for CGO prediction is constructed through population initialization, fitness evaluation, species differentiation, genome mutation, and recombination. The optimal phenotype is obtained in the evolutionary generations. In the experiment, we verify the effectiveness of ANEAT from multiple aspects such as data augmentation effectiveness analysis, deep learning model comparison, swarm intelligence optimization algorithm comparison, and other method comparisons. The results show that the MAE, RMSE, and EVAR indexes of ANEAT on the test set are 0.0816, 0.1322, and 0.8972, respectively. It has the optimal CGO prediction effect. ANEAT realizes the high-precision mapping of feature parameters and outburst risk with a lightweight network architecture, which can be well applied to CGO prediction.
Speech emotion recognition using fine-tuned Wav2vec2.0 and neural controlled
differential equations classifier
Authors: Wang Ni , Yang Danyu
Published: February 2025

Speech emotion recognition (SER) has always been a popular yet challenging task with broad applications in areas such as social media communication and medical diagnostics. Due to the characteristics of speech emotion recognition dataset, which often have small data volumes and high complexity, effectively integrating and modeling audio data remains a significant challenge in this field. To address this, we propose a model architecture that combines fine-tuned Wave2vec2.0 with Neural Controlled Differential Equations (NCDEs): First, we use a fine-tuned Wav2vec2.0 to extract rich contextual information. Then we model the high-dimensional time series feature set using a Neural Controlled Differential Equation classifier. We set the vector field as an MLP and update the model’s hidden state by solving the controlled differential equation. We conducted speech emotion recognition experiments on the IEMOCAP dataset. The experiments show that our model achieves the weighted accuracy of 73.37% and the unweighted accuracy of 74.18%. Additionally, our model converges very quickly, reaching a good accuracy after just one epoch of training. Furthermore, our model exhibits excellent stability. The standard deviation of weighted accuracy (WA) is 0.45% and the standard deviation of unweighted accuracy (UA) is 0.39%.
Evaluation of an automatic image classifier for analysis of bacterial growth on a multiple-agar plate developed for bovine mastitis
Authors: Tamminen Lena-Mari , Dahlberg Josef
Published: February 2025

Rapid identification of mastitis-causing bacteria is crucial for effective treatment decisions. Several multi-media agar plates have been developed to aid pathogen identification on farms or by veterinarians, but these methods require trained operators. Advances in AI-based automatic image analysis have shown potential for detecting bacterial growth on agar plates in both agriculture and medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of an AI-based image bacterial classifier compared to a gold-standard laboratory assessment. A secondary objective was to examine how sample transportation affects diagnoses by comparing results from an on-farm bacterial classifier with those from a laboratory-placed classifier. A total of 1,299 milk samples were collected and analysed at the Swedish Veterinary Agency’s Mastitis Laboratory using both accredited laboratory standards and the bacterial classifier. The image classifier is capable of identifying growth of eight different bacteria types on SELMA + multi-agar plates. Out of 1,212 samples that met the analysis criteria, the bacterial classifier provided diagnoses for 70%, while 30% required further evaluation. The classifier demonstrated high specificity for all diagnoses and high sensitivity for common pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and non-beta-haemolytic streptococci, though sensitivity was lower for less common pathogens. In a subset of samples analysed by both on-farm and in-lab classifiers and the Mastitis Laboratory, 62% showed consistent diagnoses. The average transportation time was 4.9 days, which influenced bacterial growth. Interestingly, fewer mixed infections were detected post-transport. Automated image classifiers, like Bacticam, hold promise for on-farm mastitis diagnosis, supporting targeted antibiotic treatment and reducing antimicrobial use.
STRyper: A macOS application for microsatellite genotyping and chromatogram management
Authors: Peccoud Jean
Published: February 2025

Microsatellite markers analyzed by capillary sequencing remain useful tools for rapid genotyping and low-cost studies. This contrasts with the lack of a free application to analyze chromatograms for microsatellite genotyping that is not restricted to human genotyping. To fill this gap, I have developed STRyper, a macOS application whose source code is published under the General Public License. STRyper only uses macOS libraries, making it very lightweight, responsive, and behaving like a modern application. Its three-pane window enables easy management and viewing of chromatograms imported from FSA and HID files, the creation of size standards and of microsatellite marker panels (including bins). STRyper features powerful search capabilities (with smart folders) and a modern graphical user interface allowing, among others, the manual correction of DNA ladders and of individual genotypes by drag-and-drop. It also introduces a new way to mitigate the effect of variations in electrophoretic conditions on estimated allele sizes.
Classroom settings for visually impaired schoolchildren: A scoping review
Authors: Ahmad Najmee Nur Aresya , Mohammed Zainora , Rahman Mohd Harimi Abd , Fadzil Norliza Mohamad , Ludin Arimi Fitri Mat , Hassan Rosilah
Published: February 2025

Visually impaired schoolchildren require classrooms tailored to their visual abilities and needs, as outlined in existing literature detailing optimal modifications, recommendations, and guidelines. The study aims to review existing literature on classroom modifications for visually impaired schoolchildren, outlining recommendations for creating ideal classrooms within mainstream physical settings. After initial screening, 712 publications (698 from databases and registers, and 14 from other methods) were identified for detailed review, of which 17 were ultimately eligible for inclusion. Through a systematic review of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, along with additional sources up to February 2024, this research analyzed articles published from 1999 to 2024. A qualitative, thematic analysis was conducted on the included articles. Criteria included peer-reviewed journals, theses, and conference papers focusing on classroom settings for visually impaired schoolchildren aged 7 to 18. Key questions addressed are: 1) What classroom settings suit the needs of visually impaired schoolchildren? 2) What recommendations are tailored to visually impaired schoolchildren to create a conducive classroom environment? Analysis of 7 journal articles and 10 other publications revealed two main themes: optimizing classroom configuration and enhancing visual comfort. Articles primarily focused on suggestions for classroom layout, particularly furnishing arrangement (41%, n = 7) and enhancing lighting conditions (41% n = 7). However, concerns were raised about standard furniture designs and the need for tailored seating arrangements to meet the visual demands of visually impaired schoolchildren. Conclusion: This review provides valuable insights into creating optimal classroom settings for visually impaired schoolchildren, ensuring equal learning opportunities in a supportive environment tailored to their needs.
Guideline-based bismuth quadruple therapy for helicobacter pylori infection in China: A systematic review and network meta-analysis
Authors: Wei Jiali , Zheng Zehao , Wang Xin , Jia Boyi , Sun Mingyao , Wang Jiayi , Wan Qin , Han Mei , Qiu Yue
Published: February 2025

Background

Currently, quadruple therapy is unanimously recommended as the current first-line treatment option for Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) eradication. However, the drug composition of quadruple therapy is very complex, and the efficacy and safety between them is not clear.

Aims

To compare the efficacy and safety of H. Pylori eradication regimens, which were recommended by the Fifth Consensus of China, by network meta-analysis.

Methods

Literature databases were used to retrieve clinical randomized controlled trials of H. Pylori eradication. Network meta-analysis was performed using BUGSnet and meta package of R software, using OR values as effect size, and SUCRA was used to rank the efficacy of interventions under each outcome.

Results

A total of 55 studies and 130 arms were included. The NMA analysis found that the top regimen in term of eradication rate outcome was: Rabeprazole +  Bismuth +  Furazolidone +  Tetracycline (SUCRA, 97.5). In terms of safety outcomes: Lansoprazole +  Bismuth +  Amoxycillin +  Clarithromycin (SUCRA, 91.97).

Conclusions

The bismuth quadruple therapies recommended by the guidelines for the treatment of H. Pylori have good performance in terms of four-week eradication rate and safety outcome indicators, and due to the different resistance of antibiotics in different regional populations, rational use of drugs should be combined with local conditions.
The importance of viewshed in nest site selection of a ground-nesting shorebird
Authors: Dorsey Sharon S. , Catlin Daniel H. , Ritter Shannon J. , Wails Christy N. , Robinson Samantha G. , Oliver Katie W. , Bellman Henrietta A. , Karpanty Sarah M. , Fraser James D.
Published: February 2025

Birds and their nests are vulnerable to predation during the breeding season. Many birds have evolved nest placement strategies that minimize risk such as concealing nests in vegetation, or nesting in inaccessible cavities or on cliffs. Some ground-nesting species choose open areas where vegetative concealment or physical protection is minimal. These species may benefit from the ability to visually detect predators approaching the nest, affording them more time to perform evasive or distracting behaviors. We studied the nesting behavior of piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) on Fire Island, New York from 2015–2020 to determine if the area visible from the nest (i.e., ‘viewshed’) affected nest site selection. We calculated viewsheds at nests and random points and evaluated nest site selection using logistic regression modelling. Piping plovers selected nest sites with a greater view of predators than would be expected if nest site selection was random relative to viewshed. The inclusion of viewshed improved the predictive ability of a previous nest site selection model that was based on habitat characteristics present on the landscape in 2015, but its influence weakened as ecological succession progressed. Topographic variation was the predominant visual obstruction source at plover nest sites compared to vegetation height. Viewshed may play a role in nest site selection in other ground-nesting birds, and thus is an important factor to consider in the development of habitat management strategies and in understanding the evolution of behavior.
Perceptions, experiences, barriers, facilitators, learning outcomes, and modes of assessment of digital clinical placements for pre-registration physiotherapy students internationally: a systematic review protocol
Authors: McConnell Justin , Rushton Alison , Noblet Tim , Pacey Verity , Mistry Jai , Lai Jeremy , Nguyen Daphne , Doralp Samantha
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The shift to digital clinical placements for physiotherapy education due to COVID-19 prompts a need for evaluation of current evidence. Existing studies highlight benefits of digital technology in clinical placements, but lack of a systematic review focused on pre-registration physiotherapy students is a key gap. This systematic review will address this gap by synthesizing the evidence for digital clinical placements for pre-registration physiotherapy students internationally.

Methods and analysis

This systematic review is designed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) statement and Cochrane Handbook – it is registered on PROSPERO (CRD42024571696). Search terms will be adapted to each database, including EMBASE, MEDLINE, PROSPERO, ERIC, and CINAHL. Key journals, forward citation tracking, references of included studies, and professional organization websites will also be searched. The search will include studies published since database inception to 31/05/24. There will be no limit to study design or language. Studies that report on perceptions, experiences, barriers, facilitators, learning outcomes, and modes of assessment of digital clinical placements for pre-registration physiotherapy students will be included. Meta-aggregation will be used to synthesize themes from findings which enables the generation of themes without the need to re-interpret data and the loss of study specific context.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval is not required. The results of this study will be written up for publication in relevant peer-reviewed scientific journals and contribute to a developing area of research. Results will also be presented at national or international conferences, events for the physiotherapy profession, or education events.
Maternal age and the rising incidence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A comprehensive analysis of national claims data from Japan
Authors: Maeda Naomi , Koyama Masayuki , Takatsuka Shintaro , Oyatani Keisuke , Himuro Nobuaki , Mariya Tasuku , Kuno Yoshika , Hinotsu Shiro , Saito Tsuyoshi , Ohnishi Hirofumi
Published: February 2025

Background

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) significantly increase the risk of developing hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD) later in life and are a major cause of maternal mortality. However, little is known about the nationwide, long-term, all-inclusive status of HDP.

Objective

To estimate the incidence of HDP from 2011 to 2019 in Hokkaido, Japan, with a focus on age groups.

Methods

Using National Database (NDB) insurance medical data, a retrospective analysis was conducted. Due to the absence of direct pregnancy data, birth numbers were used as a surrogate for the number of pregnant women to calculate the incidence of HDP.

Results

The average incidence rate of HDP over 9 years was 6.37%. The incidence rate was lowest among women aged 25–29 years, at 5.58% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.43–5.73), and increased with age, peaking at 10.58% (95% CI: 10.10–11.09) among women over 40 years. Notably, the incidence rate for women under 20 years of age was 6.70% (95% CI: 5.97–7.51), which was higher than that for women in their 20s. A mean annual increase of 0.25% in age-adjusted incidence was observed during this period, which was statistically significant (R² =  0.87, p <  0.01).

Conclusion

This study reveals that the risk of developing HDP is associated with both older childbearing and younger pregnancies and follows a J-curve, suggesting that factors other than maternal aging also contribute to the increased incidence of HDP and that further research on risk factors for HDP, which is on the rise worldwide, is urgently needed.
Gulf aid goes green: Reflecting on the geopolitics of environmental sustainability assistance in Arab monarchies
Authors: Zumbraegel Tobias , Sons Sebastian
Published: February 2025

In times of growing decarbonization efforts among the Gulf states, they have started to engage more in green diplomacy and climate action by promoting energy diversification and investing in green developmentalism in the fields of climate mitigation and climate adaptation. In this regard, Gulf aid models are shifting from primarily financial support to technical assistance, with Gulf states increasingly aligning their development aid with global climate commitments. In this transition, Gulf leadership is framing environmental sustainability assistance as a fundamental component of their economic statecraft and diversification strategies, which carry significant geopolitical and geo-economic implications. This article argues that green aid functions as a strategic instrument for bolstering political and diplomatic influence on the global stage, while simultaneously aiding in external power projection efforts.
Comparison of ruminal ecology and blood profiles in Bali, Madura, and Ongole crossbred cattle of Indonesia
Authors: Anggraeny Yenny Nur , Prihandini Peni Wahyu , Aprilliza Mozart Nuzul , Widiawati Yeni , Pamungkas Dicky , Mariyono Mariyono , Krishna Noor Hudhia , Antari Risa , Setiasih Setiasih , Tiesnamurti Bess , Rofiq Muhammad Nasir , Negara Windu , Rohaeni Eni Siti , Firsoni Firsoni , Sasongko Wahidin Teguh
Published: February 2025

Background and Aim: Indonesian cattle breeds, primarily Bali, Madura, and Ongole crossbred (OC), are vital to local farming systems, yet little is known about their ruminal ecology and blood profiles. This study aimed to compare the rumen fluid characteristics and hematological parameters among these three indigenous cattle breeds.

Materials and Methods: Thirty heifers (10 per breed) were sourced from the Indonesian Beef Cattle Research Station. The animals, weighing 175–197 kg, were randomly allocated to individual pens. A diet of commercial concentrate and elephant grass (70:30 ratio) was provided at 3.5% of their body weight (dry matter basis). Blood samples were analyzed for glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and hematological indices (White blood cell, red blood cells [RBC], hemoglobin, hematocrit, mean corpuscular hemoglobin [MCH], and mean corpuscular volume [MCV]). Rumen fluid was assessed for pH, NH3, volatile fatty acids (VFAs), and microbial diversity. Statistical analyses were performed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences with significance set at p < 0.05.

Results: No significant differences were observed in blood glucose and BUN levels across breeds. Bali cattle exhibited the highest concentrations of total VFAs (139.66 mMol) and propionic acid (33.31 mMol), with a lower acetic-to-propionic acid ratio, reflecting efficient glucogenic traits. Quinella, a propionate-producing bacterium, dominated Bali cattle rumen microbiota. Conversely, OC cattle demonstrated the highest RBC count (9.27 x 10³/μL), while Bali cattle showed superior RBC size (MCV: 48.84 fl) and hemoglobin content (MCH: 16.60 pg).

Conclusion: Bali cattle exhibited superior rumen fermentation efficiency and favorable hematological profiles, potentially supporting enhanced productive performance and reduced enteric methane emissions. These findings provide a foundation for breed-specific dietary management strategies to optimize local cattle productivity in tropical environments.

Keywords: Bali cattle, blood profile, hematology, Madura cattle, Ongole crossbred cattle, rumen fluid, volatile fatty acids.
Distribution of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis in poultry, livestock, fish, and the related environment: One Health heed
Authors: Sarwar Ayesha , Aslam Bilal , Mahmood Sara , Muzammil Saima , Siddique Abu Baker , Sarwar Fatima , Khurshid Mohsin , Rasool Muhammad Hidayat , Sasanya James , Aljasir Sulaiman F.
Published: February 2025

Background and Aim: The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Proteus mirabilis in food-producing animals and their associated environments is a growing public health concern. The indiscriminate use of antimicrobials in animal husbandry exacerbates resistance development, posing significant threats to food safety and sustainability. This study investigates the distribution, antibiotic resistance patterns, and virulence-associated genes (VAGs) of P. mirabilis isolated from poultry, livestock, fish, and their environments in Pakistan under a One Health perspective.

Materials and Methods: A total of 225 samples were collected from poultry (n = 100), livestock (n = 75), and aquatic sources (n = 50) from March 2023 to September 2024. Standard microbiological methods were employed for the isolation and identification of P. mirabilis. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based detection of antibiotic resistance genes and VAGs was performed using specific primers. Antibiotic susceptibility was assessed through the disk diffusion method following Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2022 guidelines. Statistical analyses, including analysis of variance and correlation models, were applied to assess the relationships between variables.

Results: P. mirabilis was detected in 28.44% (64/225) of the total samples, with the highest occurrence observed in poultry (38%), followed by livestock (22.67%) and aquatic sources (18%). Resistance to ampicillin (100%), chloramphenicol (82%), cefepime (75%), and ciprofloxacin (75%) was widespread. PCR analysis revealed a high occurrence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing P. mirabilis carrying blaCTX-M (49%), blaOXA (54%), and blaTEM (25.67%) genes. In addition, VAGs such as zapA (39.53%), ucaA (34.88%), and hpmA (32.55%) were frequently identified. The presence of MDR P. mirabilis in fish and related environments (18%) is alarming, highlighting potential zoonotic and foodborne transmission risks.

Conclusion: The study underscores the widespread distribution of MDR P. mirabilis in animal-based food sources, raising significant concerns regarding food safety and antimicrobial resistance. The findings reinforce the need for stringent monitoring and regulatory policies to mitigate MDR bacterial dissemination across the food supply chain. Future research should employ metagenomic approaches for comprehensive surveillance and risk assessment.

Keywords: animal-derived foods, antimicrobial resistance, multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis, One Health, virulence genes.