bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robust antiviral humoral immunity induced by JN.1 monovalent mRNA vaccines against a broad range of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants including JN.1, KP.3.1.1 and XEC
Authors: Uriu Keiya , Kaku Yu , Uwamino Yoshifumi , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Saito Fumitake ,   The Genotype to Phenotype Japan (G2P-Japan) Consortium, Sato Kei
Published: November 2024

As of November 2024, SARS-CoV-2 Omicron JN.1 subvariants, such as KP.2 (JN.1.11.1.2), KP.3 (JN.1.11.1.3), KP.3.1.1 (JN.1.11.1.3.1.1), and XEC — a recombinant lineage between KS.1.1 (JN.13.1.1.1) and KP.3.3 (JN.1.11.1.3.3) — have been circulating in several countries. To control the infection with SARS-CoV-2 Omicron JN.1 subvariants, JN.1 monovalent mRNA vaccines have been developed. Some previous reports showed that the JN.1 monovalent mRNA vaccine of Pfizer/BioNTech (US/Germany) increased antiviral humoral immunity against JN.1 subvariants and XEC. However, the efficacy of other available JN.1 monovalent mRNA vaccines (e.g., Daiichi-Sankyo, Japan) remains unassessed. To validate the antiviral efficacy induced by JN.1 mRNA vaccines, sera were collected from individuals vaccinated with Pfizer/BioNTech JN.1 mRNA vaccine (N=15) or Daiichi-Sankyo JN.1 mRNA vaccine (N=19) before and 3-4 weeks after vaccination. We then performed a neutralization assay using these sera and pseudoviruses. Both Pfizer/BioNTech JN.1 vaccine (2.4-to 8.0-fold, P=0.0001) and Daiichi-Sankyo JN.1 vaccine (2.3-to 13-fold, P=0.0001) boosted antiviral humoral immunity against all variants tested with statistical significance. While the Pfizer/BioNTech mRNA vaccine encodes the full-length JN.1 spike (S), the Daiichi-Sankyo mRNA vaccine encodes the receptor-binding domain of JN.1 S. Our data suggest that the receptor-binding domain of JN.1 S can effectively induce antiviral humoral immunity against JN.1 subvariants and XEC comparable to the full-length JN.1 S. However, it should be considered that the sizes of our cohorts are relatively small (<20 donors per cohort), and donor characteristics, such as age, sex, underlying disease status, and previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, may critically affect the experimental results. Future investigations with larger cohorts will address this concern. When compared to vaccination with JN.1 mRNA vaccines, our previous investigations showed that the natural infection of JN.1 and KP.3.3 elicited poorer antiviral humoral immunity against JN.1 and its subvariants. Our results suggest that the JN.1 mRNA vaccination more robustly induces antiviral humoral immunity against recent JN.1 subvariants than the natural infection of JN.1 subvariants regardless of manufacturer. Moreover, as we reported last year, the humoral immunity induced by XBB.1.5 monovalent mRNA vaccine against XBB.1.5 was weaker than that against ancestral B.1.1. However, in the case of JN.1 monovalent mRNA vaccine, here we showed that the 50% neutralization titer against XBB.1.5 is greater than that against ancestral B.1.1. These observations imply that immune imprinting has shifted from that biased toward pre-Omicron to that biased toward Omicron, depending on the time and/or number of immune stimuli (e.g., infection and/or vaccination).
Protein-S-Nitrosylation of Human Cytomegalovirus pp65 Reduces its Ability to Undermine cGAS
Authors: Cox Justin B. , Nukui Masatoshi , Murphy Eain A.
Published: November 2024

Post-translational modifications (PTMs) are key regulators of various processes important for cell survival. These modifications are critical for dealing with stress conditions such as those observed in disease states and during infections with various pathogens. We previously reported that during infection of primary dermal fibroblasts, multiple Human Cytomegalovirus (HCMV) encoded proteins were post-translationally modified by the addition of a nitric oxide group to cysteine residues, a modification called protein-S-nitrosylation. For example, tegument protein pp71 is nitrosylated, diminishing its ability to inhibit STING, a protein necessary for DNA virus immune response. Herin, we report that an additional HCMV tegument protein, pp65, responsible for the inhibition of cGAS, is also modified by protein-S-nitrosylation on two cysteine residues. Utilizing site-directed mutagenesis to generate recombinant viruses that encode a pp65 that cannot be protein-S-nitrosylated, we evaluated the impact of this PTM on viral replication and how the virus impacts the cGAS/STING pathway. We report that the nitrosylation of pp65 negatively impacts its ability to block cGAS enzymatic functions. pp65 protein-S-nitrosylation mutants demonstrated a decrease in cGAS/STING induced IRF3 and TBK1 phosphorylation. Additionally, we observe a reduction in IFN-β1 secretion in NuFF-1 cells expressing a nitrosylation-resistant pp65. We report that HCMV expressing a protein-S-nitrosylation deficient pp65 is resistant to the activation of cGAS in the infection of primary dermal fibroblasts. Our work suggests that nitrosylation of viral proteins may serve as a broadly neutralizing mechanism in HCMV infection.

Importance

Post translational modifications (PTM) are utilized by host cells to limit an invading pathogen’s ability to establish a productive infection. A potent PTM called protein-S-nitrosylation has anti-bacterial and anti-viral properties. Increasing protein-S-nitrosylation with the addition of nitric oxide donor compounds, reduced HCMV replication in fibroblasts and epithelial cells1. We previously reported that protein-S-nitrosylation of HCMV pp71 limits its ability to inhibit STING. Herein, we report that the protein-S-nitrosylation of HCMV pp65 impacts it’s ability to limit cGAS activity, an additional protein important in regulating interferon response. Therapeutically, patients provided nitric oxide by inhalation reduced viral replication in COVID-19, influenza and even impacted bacterial growth within patients lungs2,3. It is thought an increase in free nitric oxide increases the frequency of nitrosylated proteins4. Understanding how protein-S-nitrosylation regulates a common DNA virus like HCMV will provide insights into the development of broadly neautralizing therapeutics in drug resistant viral infections.
Development of novel signal and spike velocity analysis tools in peripheral nerve cuffs
Authors: Klus Jonas , Boys Alexander J. , Serrano Ruben Ruiz-Mateos , Malliaras George G. , Carnicer-Lombarte Alejandro
Published: November 2024

Objective

Peripheral nerve neurotechnologies hold significant promise as avenues for new closed-loop clinical treatments. However, analysis tools for nerve recordings – a key component of closed-loop nerve technologies – remain underdeveloped compared to brain-focused methods. This study introduces and explores the performance of two novel nerve signal analysis techniques which rely on a defining feature of peripheral nerve signals: the reliable conduction velocity of signals transmitted by axons in nerves.

Approach

We test the capabilities of the introduced cross-correlation and spike delay velocity analysis techniques bothin silicoon synthetic nerve signals and onin vivonerve signals acquired from freely-moving rats.

Main results

Our findings show that both techniques can be successfully employed to extract transmission direction and velocity information from nerve cuff recordings. Notably, cross-correlation analysis can be employed to detect neural signals of very low signal-to-noise ratio, otherwise undetectable by typical spike detection approaches.

Significance

Our findings provide new techniques to both enhance detection and extract new information in the form of velocity data from nerve recordings. As axon signal conduction direction and velocity is tightly linked to neural function, these techniques can support new research into peripheral nervous system function and new therapeutic approaches driven by neural interfaces.
A Comprehensive Method on Black-legged Tick Larvae and Nymph Feeding on Mice to Study Lyme Disease Transmission and Acquisition
Authors: Scholl Aaron , Li Bingjie , De Sandip
Published: November 2024

Tick-borne diseases are a growing public health concern in the United States, with cases rising steadily each year. Lyme borreliosis, or Lyme disease, remains the most prevalent, affecting approximately 476,000 individuals annually. Human-driven changes in climate and ecosystems have expanded the habitat of pathogen-carrying ticks, facilitating the spread of these infections. Additionally, increased instances of tick-borne diseases transmission through human tissues have been reported. Despite ongoing efforts to manage these infections, their incidence continues to rise. To develop effective control measures against these diseases and prevent the transmission of tick-borne infections through human and animal tissues, it is very important to develop detection assays and understand the transmission mechanisms of tick-borne infections. In this study, we provide detailed descriptions and visual references for larval and nymphal tick feeding on mice, focusing on the transmission and acquisition ofBorrelia burgdorferi(sensu stricto). These methodologies can be applied to study other tick-borne diseases, tick vectorial capacity, and tick biology, aiding in the development of detection strategies to combat these infections.
Analysis of lifespan across Diversity Outbred mouse studies identifies multiple longevity-associated loci
Authors: Mullis Martin N. , Wright Kevin M. , Raj Anil , Gatti Daniel M. , Reifsnyder Peter C. , Flurkey Kevin , Archer Jonathan R. , Robinson Laura , Di Francesco Andrea , Svenson Karen L. , Korstanje Ron , Harrison David E. , Ruby J. Graham , Churchill Gary A.
Published: November 2024

Lifespan is an integrative phenotype whose genetic architecture is likely to highlight multiple processes with high impact on health and aging. Here, we conduct a genetic meta-analysis of longevity in Diversity Outbred (DO) mice that includes 2,444 animals from three independently conducted lifespan studies. We identify six loci that contribute significantly to lifespan independently of diet and drug treatment, one of which also influences lifespan in a sex-dependent manner, as well as an additional locus with a diet-specific effect on lifespan. Collectively, these loci explain over half of the estimated heritable variation in lifespan across these studies and provide insight into the genetic architecture of lifespan in DO mice.
Amphibian and reptile dataset across different land-use types in Guinea-Bissau, West Africa
Authors: dos Reis-Silva Francisco , Alves-Martins Fernanda , Martinez-Arribas Javier , Pizzigalli Cristian , Seck Sambu , Rainho Ana , Rocha Ricardo , Palmeirim Ana Filipa
Published: November 2024

West Africa is exceptionally biodiverse, yet its wildlife remains largely understudied despite the rapid and ongoing land-use changes. Large swaths of Guinea-Bissau’s landscape were historically characterized by native forest-savanna mosaics. However, key areas of savannah habitats have been converted to rice agroecosystems, and forests are being transformed into cashew monocultures at unprecedented rates. Amphibians and reptiles (Testudines and Squamata) comprise some of the most threatened species by human-induced habitat change, and yet are not as studied as other vertebrate terrestrial taxa. Here, we provide two comprehensive datasets on amphibians and reptiles (classes Testudines and Squamata) from northern Guinea-Bissau: (1) a standardized survey dataset (encompassing sampling events and occurrences) in forest fragments, cashew orchards, and rice paddies, and (2) an opportunistic dataset reporting occurrences across the entire study area. Standardized surveys were carried across 21 sampling sites, seven in each habitat type, while opportunistic surveys include all other records. For standardized surveys, a total of 703 amphibian and 265 reptile (class Squamata) encounters are reported, corresponding to nine and 13 taxa, respectively. Opportunistically, we report 62 amphibian and 93 reptile encounters, corresponding to 10 amphibian taxa, 25 Squamata taxa, and two turtles (class Testudines).

New information

Based on 126 sampling hours of both diurnal and nocturnal standardized surveys, in addition to opportunistic surveys, these datasets comprise the first overview for amphibians and reptiles in mainland Guinea-Bissau across two seasons and different habitat types. Each of the 968 standardized and 155 opportunistic occurrences corresponds to a genus or species and is accompanied by geographic coordinates, a timestamp, and, for standardized data, the land-use type. The datasets fill the distribution gaps in Guinea-Bissau of at least three species, including the frogHildebrandtia ornata, the skinkTrachylepis keroanensisand the snakeDendroaspis polylepis– and includes the rediscovery of the lizardLatastia ornatain Guinea-Bissau. Before this work, theL. ornatawas only known from the 1938 holotype in Bafatá (ca. 60 km away from the study area) and, in 2023, from Guinea-Conakry (ca. 700 km away from type specimen location).
Single-cell fluorescence imaging reveals heterogeneity in senescence biomarkers and identifies rapamycin-responsive sub-populations
Authors: Seshadri Vijayraghavan , Chng Charmaine , Tyler Joel , Baghaei Kaveh , Wang Yan , Gueven Nuri , Azimi Iman
Published: November 2024

Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest accompanied by a distinctive inflammatory secretory profile known as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). While various biomarkers, such as senescence-associated beta-galactosidase (SA-βgal), EdU incorporation, P21, and P16, are used to identify senescent cells, no single biomarker universally defines cellular senescence, and current methods often fail to address heterogeneity in biomarker expression levels. This study leverages single-cell fluorescence imaging to assess multiple senescence markers including SA-βgal enzymatic activity, P21 and IL-6 expression, and nuclear and cell area, in chemotherapy-induced (mitomycin C) and oxidative stress-induced (D-galactose) senescence models in human fibroblasts.

Our findings reveal significant heterogeneity in SA-βgal activity and distinct sub-populations within senescent cells. Nuclear and cell area measurements emerged as robust indicators of cellular senescence, displaying similar variability across individual cells. Importantly, we identified specific nuclear area sub-populations that strongly correlate with IL-6 expression levels, demonstrating a relationship between the heterogeneous expression of senescence biomarkers and the SASP. To address this heterogeneity, we introduced an induction threshold method to more accurately quantify the percentage of cells expressing senescence biomarkers.

Furthermore, in both senescence models, we observed that rapamycin, a well-known senomorphic agent, selectively targets specific biomarker-expressing sub-populations. This study underscores the value of assessing cellular heterogeneity in senescence research and provides an improved approach for analysing senescence markers in diverse cellular contexts.
Real-Time Imaging of Antimalarial Drug Effects onPlasmodium falciparum-Infected Red Blood Cells
Authors: Wallner Julia S. , Bonsen Maike , Mathis Emilie , Gomes Ana Rita , Spangenberg Thomas , Guizetti Julien
Published: November 2024

Malaria remains a significant global health challenge, exacerbated by emerging drug resistance, which has been recurring ever since Chloroquine resistance was reported to spread in the 1960s. Cabamiquine (M5717), a promising antimalarial candidate, targetsPlasmodium falciparumelongation factor 2 (PfeEF2) and has demonstrated high potency and multi-stage activity. However, differences in parasite-killing kinetics require further exploration. This proof-of-concept study employs time-lapse microscopy to assess the effects of Chloroquine and Cabamiquine onP. falciparum-infected red blood cells. Using a fluorogenic DNA dye, we monitored morphological changes and cell death at the single-cell level. Unlike the faster-killing Chloroquine, our findings confirm a lag phase of the effect of Cabamiquine and reveal a delay before host cell lysis. This delayed cytotoxic effect underscores the cytostatic phase of the drug prior to killing and highlights its potential in combination therapies. Our novel imaging approach provides a comprehensive fingerprinting method to quantify cytostatic, cytotoxic, and cytolytic activities of antimalarial drugs, offering valuable insights into their mechanisms of action at a cellular level therefore enabling to discriminate the steps prior to parasite clearance in hosts.
Immune priming in the insect gut: a dynamic response revealed by ultrastructural and transcriptomic changes
Authors: Baur Moritz , Schulz Nora K. E. , Greune Lilo , Länger Zoe M. , Eirich Jürgen , Finkemeier Iris , Peuß Robert , Dersch Petra , Kurtz Joachim
Published: November 2024

Research on forms of memory in innate immune systems has recently gained momentum with the study of trained immunity in vertebrates and immune priming in invertebrates. Immune priming provides protection against previously encountered pathogens. However, causes and mechanisms of immune priming are still not well understood in most organisms. In this work, we combine RNA sequencing with transmission electron microscopy to investigate the dynamic processes during priming in the gut of a well-established model for oral immune priming, consisting of the hostTribolium castaneumand its entomopathogenBacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis (Btt). We show that priming with specific, pathogen-derived virulence-relevant factors causes damage in the gut ofT. castaneumlarvae, which leads to an early physiological stress response as well as the upregulation of a specific set of immune genes. This response diminishes over time yet enables the gut to upregulate genes known to interfere withBttvirulence whenT. castaneumlarvae are later exposed to infectiousBttspores. The identification of these processes increases our understanding of immune priming as a dynamic process where cellular responses in concert with specific gene regulation prepare the gut tissue and thereby enable more efficient protection against infection. Such work can further help us understand the origin and mechanism of innate immune memory.

Author summary

Invertebrate animals do not possess a classical adaptive immune system. And yet, many of these animals show forms of immune memory, collectively called immune priming. In this work, we investigate the causes of oral immune priming in the red flour beetleTribolium castaneumin response to its bacterial entomopathogenBacillus thuringiensis tenebrionis. Primary exposure toBttspent culture media supernatants enables the larvae ofT. castaneumto better withstand a subsequent infection with infectiousBttspores. We show that exposingT. castaneumlarvae to those supernatants leads to damage in the gut resulting in a strong stress and immune response early after priming and a targeted up-regulation of beneficial genes upon the secondary re-encounter withBtt. These results suggest fundamental stress responses can be involved in innate immune memory phenomena, which has implications in translational research across species.
Laser Flash Melting Cryo-EM Samples to Overcome Preferred Orientation
Authors: Straub Monique S. , Harder Oliver F. , Mowry Nathan J. , Barrass Sarah V. , Hruby Jakub , Drabbels Marcel , Lorenz Ulrich J.
Published: November 2024

Sample preparation remains a bottleneck for protein structure determination by cryo-electron microscopy. A frequently encountered issue is that proteins adsorb to the air-water interface of the sample in a limited number of orientations. This makes it challenging to obtain high-resolution reconstructions or may even cause projects to fail altogether. We have previously observed that laser flash melting and revitrification of cryo samples reduces preferred orientation for large, symmetric particles. Here, we demonstrate that our method can in fact be used to scramble the orientation of proteins of a range of sizes and symmetries. The effect can be enhanced for some proteins by increasing the heating rate during flash melting or by depositing amorphous ice onto the sample prior to revitrification. This also allows us to shed light onto the underlying mechanism. Our experiments establish a set of tools for overcoming preferred orientation that can be easily integrated into existing workflows.
Two-bunch seeding of soft x-ray free electron lasers
Authors: Schneidmiller E. , Zagorodnov I.
Published: November 2024

Seeded free electron lasers (FELs) demonstrate a good performance and are successfully used in different user experiments in extreme ultraviolet and soft x-ray regimes. In this paper, a simple modification of the seeding scenario is proposed relying on the generation of two closely spaced bunches with very different properties: a low-current seeding bunch and a high-current bunch that amplifies coherent radiation, produced by the seeding bunch. This approach eliminates different limitations and mitigates some harmful effects in the standard scenario. In particular, one can generate very high harmonic numbers with a moderate laser power in a simple high-gain harmonic generation (HGHG) scheme. Alternatively, in case of moderate harmonic numbers, one can strongly reduce the required laser power thus simplifying the design of high repetition rate seeded FELs. An influence of beam dynamics effects (like nonlinearities of the longitudinal phase space of electron beams, coherent synchrotron radiation, longitudinal space charge, geometrical wakefields, and microbunching instabilities) on properties of the output radiation (spectrum broadening, pedestals, and stability) can be to a large extent reduced in the proposed scheme. In this paper, we illustrate the operation of the two-bunch seeding scheme in HGHG configuration with realistic start-to-end simulations for the soft x-ray user facility free electron laser in Hamburg. We show that nearly Fourier-limited multigigawatt pulses can be generated at 4 nm using the present compact design of the undulator system. With several thousand pulses per second, this can be a unique source for photon science.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Search for dark matter annual modulation with DarkSide-50
Authors: Agnes P. , Albuquerque I. F. M. , Alexander T. , Alton A. K. , Ave M. , Back H. O. , Batignani G. , Biery K. , Bocci V. , Bonivento W. M. , Bottino B. , Bussino S. , Cadeddu M. , Cadoni M. , Calaprice F. , Caminata A. , Campos M. D. , Canci N. , Caravati M. , Cargioli N. , Cariello M. , Carlini M. , Cataudella V. , Cavalcante P. , Cavuoti S. , Chashin S. , Chepurnov A. , Cicalò C. , Covone G. , D’Angelo D. , Davini S. , De Candia A. , De Cecco S. , De Filippis G. , De Rosa G. , Derbin A. V. , Devoto A. , D’Incecco M. , Dionisi C. , Dordei F. , Downing M. , D’Urso D. , Fairbairn M. , Fiorillo G. , Franco D. , Gabriele F. , Galbiati C. , Ghiano C. , Giganti C. , Giovanetti G. K. , Goretti A. M. , Grilli di Cortona G. , Grobov A. , Gromov M. , Guan M. , Gulino M. , Hackett B. R. , Herner K. , Hessel T. , Hosseini B. , Hubaut F. , Hugues T. , Hungerford E. V. , Ianni An. , Ippolito V. , Keeter K. , Kendziora C. L. , Kimura M. , Kochanek I. , Korablev D. , Korga G. , Kubankin A. , Kuss M. , Kuźniak M. , La Commara M. , Lai M. , Li X. , Lissia M. , Longo G. , Lychagina O. , Machulin I. N. , Mapelli L. P. , Mari S. M. , Maricic J. , Messina A. , Milincic R. , Monroe J. , Morrocchi M. , Mougeot X. , Muratova V. N. , Musico P. , Nozdrina A. O. , Oleinik A. , Ortica F. , Pagani L. , Pallavicini M. , Pandola L. , Pantic E. , Paoloni E. , Pelczar K. , Pelliccia N. , Piacentini S. , Pocar A. , Poehlmann D. M. , Pordes S. , Poudel S. S. , Pralavorio P. , Price D. D. , Ragusa F. , Razeti M. , Razeto A. , Renshaw A. L. , Rescigno M. , Rode J. , Romani A. , Sablone D. , Samoylov O. , Sandford E. , Sands W. , Sanfilippo S. , Savarese C. , Schlitzer B. , Semenov D. A. , Shchagin A. , Sheshukov A. , Skorokhvatov M. D. , Smirnov O. , Sotnikov A. , Stracka S. , Suvorov Y. , Tartaglia R. , Testera G. , Tonazzo A. , Unzhakov E. V. , Vishneva A. , Vogelaar R. B. , Wada M. , Wang H. , Wang Y. , Westerdale S. , Wojcik M. M. , Xiao X. , Yang C. , Zuzel G. ,   DarkSide-50 Collaboration
Published: November 2024

Dark matter may induce an event in an Earth-based detector, and its event rate is predicted to show an annual modulation as a result of the Earth’s orbital motion around the Sun. We searched for this modulation signature using the ionization signal of the DarkSide-50 liquid argon time projection chamber. No significant signature compatible with dark matter is observed in the electron recoil equivalent energy range above 40  eVee, the lowest threshold ever achieved in such a search.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Transitions in growing networks using a structural complexity approach
Authors: Snarskii A. A.
Published: November 2024

Structure changes or transitions are common in growing networks (complex networks, graphs, etc.) and must be precisely determined. The introduced quantitative measure of the structural complexity of the network based on a procedure similar to the renormalization process allows one to reveal such changes. The proposed concept of the network structural complexity accounts for the difference between the actual and averaged network structures on different scales and corresponds to the qualitative comprehension of complexity. The structural complexity can be found for the weighted networks also. The structural complexities for various types of growing networks exhibiting transitions similar to phase transitions were found—the deterministic infinite and finite size artificial networks of different natures including percolation structures, and the time series of various types of cardiac rhythms mapped to complex networks using the parametric visibility graph algorithm. In all the cases the structural complexity of the growing network reaches a maximum near the transition point: the formation of a giant component in the graph or at the percolation threshold for two-dimensional and three-dimensional square lattices when a giant cluster having a fractal structure has emerged. Therefore, the structural complexity of the network allows us to detect and study processes similar to a second-order phase transition in complex networks. The structural complexity of a network node can serve as a kind of centrality index, auxiliary, or generalization to the local clustering coefficient. Such an index provides another new ranking manner for the network nodes. Being an easily computable measure, the network structural complexity might help to reveal different features of complex systems and processes of the real world.

Published by the American Physical Society
2024
Nurturing an architect through transformative pedagogy: design studio teaching experience
Authors: Xhambazi Arta , Aliu Vlora
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study explores how transformative pedagogy enhances project-based learning in architectural education. It presents a studio case study implementing a process-based approach and a student-led design programme. It promotes creativity, critical thinking and autonomy while advocating for pedagogical adaptation towards dynamic, systemic learning experiences in architecture education.

Design/methodology/approach

This study employs a qualitative approach, drawing on a literature review and action research from the authors’ design studio experience. A quantitative component was included in the student feedback survey. The studio practice incorporates real-world market challenges in the Kosovar context into student-driven programmes, structuring the process through a problem-solving approach in a fourth-year design studio.

Findings

The results showed high student satisfaction with the process-based, student-centred approach, improving design initiatives, self-confidence and responsibility. Structured presentations and assessments support iterative improvements and reflection. However, workload management remains a challenge.

Research limitations/implications

This study’s context-specific nature suggests that future research could benefit from diverse educational settings to assess the generalisability of the proposed approach.

Practical implications

This research provides practical insights for educators to improve students’ autonomy and critical thinking through student-centred problem-solving approaches, enabling them to take greater responsibility for their design processes.

Social implications

Student-led programmes help with social responsibility and ethical awareness, aligning education more closely with the complexities of real-world situations.

Originality/value

This study positions transformative pedagogy as a way to tailor educational practices, proposing an additional trajectory shaped by integrating student-led design programmes that echo real-world challenges and emphasise student-centred learning through iterative processes and continuous reflection.
Bridging the gap: HR analytics adoption in the VUCA world of Industry 5.0
Authors: Khajuria Ridhima , Maini Arti , Bukhari Syeda Shazia
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine the variables that impact the adoption of human resource (HR) analytics in Industry 5.0 and in the volatile, unpredictable, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) environment. The paper examines the elements that either promote or hinder the use of HR analytics.

Design/methodology/approach

This study used a mixed-methods approach. Initially, while conducting a qualitative study of 15 companies, 30 respondents became willing to participate in the interviews and share their experiences. Subsequently, a quantitative study was performed by a random selection of 26 organizations to get pertinent responses. The researchers conducted a random survey of 259 workers from these firms.

Findings

The research revealed that strong leadership support is crucial in building trust and minimizing employee resistance to using a data-driven strategy in HR analytics, particularly in a VUCA environment. Training programmes and support systems within a VUCA environment may help workers overcome skill gaps and alleviate fear of job security in the midst of transition.

Research limitations/implications

The present study used a cross-sectional approach, so the ability to identify cause-and-effect linkages between elements and the use of HR analytics will be limited. In addition, researchers might use a longitudinal study design to monitor and analyse changes that occur over time.

Originality/value

First, it goes beyond a simple examination of HR analytics usage. It occupies a distinct and exceptional position in relation to the VUCA world, as well as the increasing challenges of Industry 5.0. This study also identifies the significance of employee’s personal characteristics while implementing HR analytics. This also leads to fascinating congruity between the results of the qualitative and quantitative analysis.
Impact of shame on opportunity evaluation and exploitation decisions
Authors: Ojha Atma Prakash , Nandakumar M.K.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

Evaluating and exploiting an opportunity is an iterative process, and one of the triggers for the re-evaluation is the feedback received from stakeholders. Most of the time, the feedback comes in the form of harsh comments, criticisms and rejections, which can cause shame. There is also a lack of studies on the impact of shame on the decision-making ability of the entrepreneur, which is addressed through this study.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses an experimental design, which is considered the “gold standard” in establishing causality. By manipulating the emotions of 107 entrepreneurs and making them assess a hypothetical opportunity, the study finds conclusive evidence for the proposed hypotheses.

Findings

Using the appraisal tendency framework, the authors show that shame makes an entrepreneur assess an opportunity as lower in desirability and feasibility. Shame also makes an entrepreneur give more significant weight to feasibility (over desirability) when deciding on entrepreneurial action.

Originality/value

The study provides strong empirical evidence that shame is an important emotion and influences the decision-making ability of the entrepreneur. The study reveals that important stakeholders assessing entrepreneurs need to be careful about how they provide feedback. Since the emotion it can elicit has a bearing on the subsequent decisions made by the entrepreneur.
The role of artificial intelligence (AI) in shaping data privacy
Authors: Lami Bareq , Mohd. Hussein Safinaz , Rajamanickam Ramalinggam , Emmanuel Grace Kaka
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to illustrate the manifold ways in which artificial intelligence (AI) serves as both a sentinel and a potential intruder in the realm of personal data protection. Additionally, it delves into the legal and ethical frameworks governing the use of AI in data-centric contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a qualitative doctrinal methodology, this research examines existing literatures on AI, data privacy and related laws/regulations. This study explores the multifaceted role of AI in shaping data privacy and the symbiotic relationship between AI and data privacy.

Findings

It was discovered that there are insufficient AI-specific regulations, and that AI both fortifies and threatens the sanctity of personal data. As such, there is the need for transparency, fairness, accountability and adherence to data privacy regulations to ensure effective use of AI in data privacy.

Research limitations/implications

This study limits itself to the intersection of AI and data privacy and how innovation, legislations and ethical considerations are intricately intertwined.

Originality/value

By examining case studies and examples from the real world, this study endeavors to provide a comprehensive perspective on the dynamic landscape of AI and data privacy. It forecasts future trends and challenges, offering insights into how AI may continue to influence and safeguard data privacy while simultaneously posing novel risks.
Improving organisational capabilities: a cost maturity model for enhanced intra- and inter-organisational performance
Authors: Magnacca Fabio , Giannetti Riccardo , Cinquini Lino
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This paper presents the design and implementation of a maturity model for assessing the cost measurement and management capabilities of organisations. Beyond capability evaluation, the model is also designed to provide guidance for improving the competitiveness of value chains across a focal company and its suppliers. Thus, it can also be used to improve inter-organisational performance.

Design/methodology/approach

The research, which is interventionist in nature, was developed through a collaboration between the authors and two manufacturing companies that co-funded the design and development of the model. The study follows a constructive research approach, applying established principles, instructions and known development steps to the design and implementation of a maturity model.

Findings

The paper introduces a maturity model centred on cost measurement and management capabilities by presenting its constituent parts and functioning. The model is called Cost Management Maturity Model (CMMM).

Practical implications

CMMM is a managerial tool that companies can use to assess the maturity of their cost measurement and management capabilities and then derive directions for improvement. It is also a tool that managers can use in the context of inter-organisational relationships to align the cost-related capabilities of a network of companies, such as a supply chain. This has the result of strengthening inter-organisational collaborations to reduce costs and improve value creation.

Originality/value

This paper presents an original four-level, pyramid-shaped maturity model that advances prior endeavours to this end within the realm of managerial costing. Unlike existing models, CMMM boasts a wider scope of inquiry that includes attention to cost management and inter-organisational contexts. It also provides a structured and replicable yet flexible maturity evaluation method founded on a questionnaire and an associated scoring method.
Investigating the mediating impact of supplier quality integration in pharmaceutical supply chains
Authors: Alkalha Ziad , Dehe Benjamin , Reid Iain , Al-Zu’bi Zu’bi M.F.
Published: November 2024

Purpose

The study aims to investigate the mediating impact of supplier quality integration on the operational performance of the pharmaceutical supply chain (PSCs) by comparing mature and evolving PSCs.

Design/methodology/approach

The study adopted a quantitative method where data were gathered through a survey instrument to identify the differentiators of dynamic capabilities and establish the extent of quality integration in PSCs. Thus, 310 questionnaires were collected from mature and evolving PSCs, where the PROCESS technique was used to analyse the data.

Findings

The results demonstrate the significant paths that enable companies to create, extend and modify the resources to develop their dynamic capabilities. The results reveal significant differences in internal and supplier quality implementation and their impact on operational performance between mature and evolving PSCs.

Originality/value

To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to examine dynamic capabilities aspects of the pharmaceutical supply chain quality integration in mature and evolving PSCs, which extends the body of knowledge and makes a practical contribution.
Artificial intelligence and records management in contemporary organizations: what cultural aspects are required? Insights from the information culture framework (ICF)
Authors: Alaoui Siham
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to examine how artificial intelligence can be effectively integrated into records management practices by identifying the key cultural aspects that should be aligned with the prerequisites of automation. The author also discusses the new roles that are to be played by records managers in this context.

Design/methodology/approach

To identify those cultural aspects, the author has used the Information culture framework (ICF) developed by Oliver and Foscarini (2020). For each of the three levels of the ICF (i.e. visible, intermediate and invisible), the author has analyzed the cultural aspects serving as the prerequisites of AI for records management purposes.

Findings

The results of our theoretical reflection reveal that for AI features to be integrated into records management practices, many cultural aspects are to be taken into consideration. AI-powered technologies use, collaboration practices and horizontal communication are some visible cultural aspects contemporary organizations should have in place to meet the requirements of automation. Furthermore, policies and strategies should define automation purposes, identify actors that will be involved in records management practices and describe their respective roles. Finally, attention should be given to individual perceptions and personal traits to ensure that AI technologies are embraced by organizational actors. All those aspects should support the development of a common AI-related language in the organization and influence the extent to which actors trust AI-powered technologies. In this context of automation, records managers will have to assume new roles in change management and promoting information competencies, to assess organizations’ readiness to integrate AI into its records management practices and make the appropriate use of it.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first to use the ICF model suggested by Oliver and Foscarini (2020) to identify the main cultural aspects to target for the effective use of AI in records management practices. Furthermore, the author confirmed the relevance of the expression “augmented records management”, referring to AI-assisted records management practices in contemporary organizations, by highlighting the fact that AI will not replace human work but can, rather, be used as a tool to support it.
Lorna Rutto’s EcoPost: creating a sustainable solution to Kenya’s plastic waste problem
Authors: Samantarai Munmun , Dutta Sanjib
Published: November 2024

Research methodology

Information from secondary sources was used to develop this case study. The sources of the data included the organization’s website, yearly reports, news releases, reports that have been published and documents that are accessible online.

Case overview/synopsis

As of 2023, Kenya generated around 0.5–1.3 million tons of plastic waste per year, of which only 8% was recycled. The remaining waste was either dumped into landfills, burned or released back into the environment. In addition to the plastic problem, a deforestation crisis was looming large in the country. Despite the country’s efforts to improve recycling, banning the use of single-use plastic to reduce plastic pollution, plastic waste continued to be a major issue. Growing up in the Kaptembwa slums of rural Kenya, Lorna saw the adverse impact that plastic waste had on the local ecosystem. Also, she was perturbed by the widespread cutting down of trees for construction of buildings, etc., which had resulted in deforestation. Lorna’s concern for the environment and her desire to address these issues motivated her to found EcoPost, a business that promoted a circular economy by gathering and recycling plastic waste.

With the common goal of enhancing circularity, EcoPost and Austria-based chemical company Borealis collaborated to stop waste from seeping into the environment and to make a positive socioeconomic and environmental impact. The funding from Borealis would help EcoPost in increasing its capabilities, providing training and recruiting more waste collectors. The funds were also supposed to help formalize the work of the waste pickers (mostly youth and women from marginalized communities) by financing the entrepreneurial start-up kits. Lorna aimed to create a business model that would not only solve the plastic waste problem but would also contribute to the social and economic development of local communities. Amidst these gigantic problems of plastic waste and deforestation that Kenya was facing, how will Lorna achieve her ambitious goal of reducing plastic waste and save trees? How will EcoPost pave the way to a cleaner, healthier and more sustainable future?

Complexity academic level

This case is intended for use in MBA, post-graduate/executive level programs as part of entrepreneurship and sustainability courses.
Concrete steps to cementing sustainability: Holcim’s environmental strategy
Authors: Viardot Eric
Published: November 2024

Research methodology

This case study draws on secondary sources as well as my personal experience and industry contacts within the cement sector during my time teaching in Spain, a country where the cement industry plays a significant role in the economy. I have also benefited from conversations with my colleague, Arnaud Blandin, an ESG expert with a deep understanding of the sustainability challenges facing the cement industry, particularly in Asia, where he lived for several years. His contribution is acknowledged in the disclaimer below the title.

Case overview/synopsis

This case study explores how Holcim, the global leader of the cement industry addresses the sustainability imperatives through a set of structured initiatives and policies. The case focuses on the challenges faced by Holcim at a time when the imperatives of climate change, resource scarcity and stakeholder expectations converged to reshape the very foundations of its business strategy, compelling the firm to reimagine its operations through a lens of environmental, social and governance principles. The case starts with a brief description of the industry of cement, which is, at the same time, one of the most consumed products globally but also a major contributor to global carbon dioxide emissions and then to global warming. Next, the case briefly introduces Holcim and its major competitors. Then, the case presents the major environmental challenges for the cement industry as well as the possible solutions with operational advances, innovation and collaboration within actors. Finally, the case details the ESG strategy of Holcim in 2023 with a first evaluation of its results.

Complexity academic level

This case study has been written for Master of Business Administration and Master of Science students. The case can be used in multiple courses, including Corporate Strategy, Business and Society, Ethics and Sustainability, Corporate Social Responsibility and General Management Implementation.
Understanding sustainable fashion consumption among millennials in South Africa
Authors: Madinga Nkosivile , Aspeling Duanne , Dlamini Siphiwe
Published: November 2024

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the factors influencing consumer attitudes towards purchasing sustainable fashion. In particular, the authors examine the impact of self-transcendence and self-enhancement values on consumer attitudes towards purchasing sustainable fashion. The authors also examine the enablers (environmental concern, durability and fashion leadership) and barriers (fashion consciousness and price sensitivity) of sustainable fashion purchase behaviour.

Design/methodology/approach

The authors used a Web-based self-administered survey to collect data from 350 millennials. Partial least squares structural equation modelling was used to analyse data.

Findings

The findings indicate no substantial impact of self-transcendence values on attitudes towards sustainable fashion – while self-transcendence values exerted a notable effect on sustainable purchasing behaviour and environmental concerns. Furthermore, the results revealed no relationship between individuals’ attitudes towards sustainable fashion and their purchasing behaviour, whereas a strong relationship has been established between environmental concerns and attitudes towards sustainable fashion.

Practical implications

It provides empirical insights into factors that are pertinent in understating barriers and drivers of sustainable fashion behaviour among millennials.

Originality/value

This study uses the value-attitude-behaviour hierarchy to understand the purchase intentions of sustainable fashion, extending the range of sustainable consumption factors associated with attitudes and behaviour gaps.
Association Between Antibiotic and Outcomes of Chemoimmunotherapy for Extensive‐Stage Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study of 132 Patients
Authors: Deng Fang , Ye Hong , Zhang Ping , Xu Jing , Li Yu , Sun Meiling , Yang Zhongfei
Published: November 2024

Introduction

To evaluate the impact of antibiotic (ATB) exposure on the outcome of chemoimmunotherapy in patients with extensive‐stage small cell lung cancer (ES‐SCLC).

Methods

In this multicenter retrospective study, 132 patients with ES‐SCLC who received chemoimmunotherapy were included from three hospitals in China. Patients receiving ATB within 30 days prior to initiating ICI therapy (p‐ATB) and those receiving concurrent ICI therapy until cessation (c‐ATB)were compared to those who did not (n‐ATB). Progression‐free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), and immune‐related adverse events (irAEs) were assessed. To avoid immortal time bias, c‐ATB was analyzed as a time‐dependent covariate in the Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

Among the 132 patients, 25 were included in the p‐ATB group and 26 in the c‐ATB group, while 81 patients were categorized in the n‐ATB group. Multivariate analysis revealed no significant differences in PFS (aHR = 1.028, 95% CI: 0.666–1.589, p = 0.900) and OS (aHR = 0.957, 95% CI: 0.549–1.668, p = 0.877) between the p‐ATB and n‐ATB groups. Similarly, p‐ATB had no significant impact on ORR (p = 0.510) or irAEs (p = 0.516). The use of c‐ATB had no significant effect on either PFS (aHR: 1.165, 95% CI: 0.907–1.497; p = 0.232) or OS (aHR: 1.221, 95% CI: 0.918–1.624; p = 0.171) by multivariate analysis.

Conclusions

p‐ATB has no significant impact on PFS, OS, ORR, or the incidence of irAEs in ES‐SCLC patients receiving chemoimmunotherapy. Similarly, c‐ATB does not seem to affect PFS or OS.