bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do we have friendly services to meet the needs of young women exposed to intimate partner violence in the Madrid region?
Authors: Durán‐Martín Eva , Vives‐Cases Carmen , Otero‐García Laura , Castellanos‐Torres Esther , Sanz‐Barbero Belen
Published: February 2022

Introduction

Women experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) do not tend to go very frequently to formal support services. The objective of this study is to identify barriers related to the accessibility, acceptability, equity, appropriateness and effectiveness of IPV services from the perspective of the professionals working in the IPV public services.

Methods

A qualitative study was carried out in the Madrid region based on 13 semi‐structured interviews of young women who had survived IPV as well as 17 interviews with professionals. A thematic content analysis was performed, guided by the dimensions proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for friendly services for young people.

Results

From the perspective of the young women and professionals, barriers were identified for all the dimensions of the WHO's friendly services for young people: accessibility: lack of information and support from the social setting, scarce dissemination of the services, economic cost, non‐adapted schedules, inadequate locations or lack of services in settings close to young people; acceptability: lack of protocols to guarantee confidentiality, lack of speed in the provision of services or their referral, unwelcoming environments or unsympathetic professional malpractice; equity: discriminatory professional attitudes towards groups with different social status and lack of protocols to ensure the care of these groups; appropriateness: unmet needs and lack of multidisciplinary teams; and effectiveness: shortage of time, resources, competent professionals, protocols and coordination.

Conclusions

Strategies are needed to make the necessary changes to promote friendly services for the care of young people exposed to IPV. Additionally, it must be emphasized that resources are needed to raise awareness and disseminate IPV services, as well as to train professionals in this area.

Patient or Public Contribution

This paper is based on professionals' perspectives of public IPV‐related services of different areas such as Psychology, Social Work, Nursing, Psychiatry, Social Education and young women exposed to IPV. They either work in the public administration at the local, regional or state level or in NGOs in Spain.
Experiences of health professionals diagnosed with COVID‐19 in coping with the disease
Authors: Boyacıoğlu Nur Elçin , Ok Elif , Temel Münire
Published: February 2022

Aim

This study evaluates the experiences of health professionals diagnosed with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in coping with the disease.

Background

During the COVID‐19 pandemic, health professionals faced various physical and psychological difficulties. Many of them were also infected with COVID‐19.

Methods

This study used a descriptive phenomenological approach and was conducted between May and June 2020. The participants were 24 health professionals who were diagnosed with COVID‐19. Data were collected by phone using semistructured and in‐depth interviews. Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's seven‐step method with the support of MAXQDA software.

Results

After the data analysis, the primary codes were extracted, and subthemes were created by categorizing these codes. The subthemes were organized, and themes were created. From the perspective of the participants, four main themes emerged: effects of the disease process on the participants, feelings of the disease process, differences in being infected with COVID‐19 as a health professional, and ways to cope with the disease.

Conclusion

The reactions of the people around them, their feelings and experiences, and their environmental and institutional support systems affected the ways health professionals coped with COVID‐19.

Implications for health policy and nursing

Health managers should provide medical, psychosocial, and legal resources as soon as possible so that health professionals diagnosed with COVID‐19 can receive the treatment and care that they need. COVID‐19 should be considered an occupational disease by health professionals all over the world.
Anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 IgG antibody levels among Thai healthcare providers receiving homologous and heterologous COVID‐19 vaccination regimens
Authors: Kittikraisak Wanitchaya , Hunsawong Taweewun , Punjasamanvong Somsak , Wongrapee Thanapat , Suttha Patama , Piyaraj Phunlerd , Leepiyasakulchai Chaniya , Tanathitikorn Chuleeekorn , Yoocharoen Pornsak , Jones Anthony R. , Mongkolsirichaikul Duangrat , Westercamp Matthew , Azziz‐Baumgartner Eduardo , Mott Joshua A. , Chottanapund Suthat
Published: February 2022

Background

We examined SARS‐CoV‐2 anti‐spike 1 IgG antibody levels following COVID‐19 vaccination (AstraZeneca [AZ], Sinovac [SV], Pfizer‐BioNTech [PZ]) among Thai healthcare providers.

Methods

Blood specimens were tested using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. We analyzed seven vaccination regimens: (1) one dose of AZ or SV, (2) two doses of homologous (2AZ, 2SV) or heterologous (1AZ + 1PZ) vaccines, and (3) three doses of heterologous vaccines (2SV + 1AZ, 2SV + 1PZ). Differences in antibody levels were assessed using Kruskal–Wallis statistic, Mann–Whitney test, or Wilcoxon matched‐pairs signed‐rank test. Antibody kinetics were predicted using fractional polynomial regression.

Results

The 563 participants had median age of 39 years; 92% were female; 74% reported no underlying medical condition. Antibody levels peaked at 22–23 days in both 1AZ and 2SV vaccinees and dropped below assay's cutoff for positive (35.2 binding antibody units/ml [BAU/ml]) in 55 days among 1AZ vaccinees compared with 117 days among 2SV vaccinees. 1AZ + 1PZ vaccination regimen was highly immunogenic (median 2279 BAU/ml) 1–4 weeks post vaccination. 2SV + 1PZ vaccinees had significantly higher antibody levels than 2SV + 1AZ vaccinees 4 weeks post vaccination (3423 vs. 2105 BAU/ml; p‐value < 0.01), and during weeks 5–8 (3656 vs. 1072 BAU/ml; p‐value < 0.01). Antibodies peaked at 12–15 days in both 2SV + 1PZ and 2SV + 1AZ vaccinees, but those of 2SV + 1AZ declined more rapidly and dropped below assay's cutoff in 228 days while those of 2SV + 1PZ remained detectable.

Conclusions

1AZ + 1PZ, 2SV + 1AZ, and 2SV + 1PZ vaccinees had substantial IgG levels, suggesting that these individuals likely mounted sufficient anti‐S1 IgG antibodies for possible protection against SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.
An Unexpected Shift to an Online Design Studio Course: Student Insights on Design Critiques
Authors: Tüfek Tuğçe Ecem
Published: February 2022

Online education is not a common practice in design education. As the cornerstone of design education, the design studio incorporates a hands‐on approach that stems from its materiality. This tactile character of the design studio has been challenged by the recent pandemic since many design schools and departments decided to proceed with their education online. Consequently, some fundamental pedagogical mechanisms that rely on the distinct habitat of the design studio were moved to the online context. Design critiques, a crucial activity in communicating design knowledge, were also carried to online channels. This shift from the physical to the online environment caused some changes in both the communication and understanding of design critiques. In the light of recent developments, this article reflects on students’ perceptions of design critiques in an online studio setting. In‐depth interviews were conducted with six industrial design students who started their semester in a physical studio environment but continued online. The study demonstrates that the students’ impressions of design critiques have been affected by several factors that can be grouped under three categories: crit actors, crit process and crit context.
Brand equity and corporate debt structure
Authors: Mauer David C. , Villatoro Natalia , Zhang Yilei
Published: February 2022

We use the firm's stock of trademarks and their ages to compute proxies for brand equity. We find that firms with more brand equity have lower equity and asset volatility and higher cash flows. Although suggestive of greater debt capacity, we find that firms with high brand equity use less debt. Further, brand equity has no influence on debt maturity. We provide evidence that the relation between brand equity and leverage is causal, using the enactment of the Federal Trademark Dilution Act in 1996, which exogenously increased the value of famous brands and significantly decreased the leverage ratio of firms with famous brands. This negative effect on leverage is weaker for firms with high business risk and low information asymmetry, and stronger for firms with collateralized trademarks. We argue that the negative effect of brand equity on leverage is more consistent with a pecking order mechanism than with a limited contractability mechanism.
Joint effects of environmental filtering and dispersal limitation on the species assemblage of the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: He Jiekun , Lin Haoxian , Wang Runxi , Dai Chao , Yu Hongyin , Tu Jiahao , Yu Jiehua , Jiang Haisheng
Published: February 2022

Aim

Mountains harbour a rich and non‐random cluster of species, yet knowledge of the species' biological attributes that support their coexistence in the montane community is limited. Here, we investigated the association of species occurrence on the Tibetan Plateau with their morphological, ecological or evolutionary constraints.

Location

Tibetan Plateau (TP).

Taxon

Mammals and birds.

Methods

We tested whether species occurrence on the TP correlates with morphological, ecological or evolutionary constraints using the spatial distribution, phylogeny, dispersal ability and thermal niche property data for 1353 terrestrial vertebrates (383 mammals and 970 birds). We used standard (non‐phylogenetic) and phylogenetic logistic regressions to elucidate the relative contributions of these attributes of species to explaining their occurrence on the TP. We assessed the geographical patterns of the community structures on the TP and fitted linear mixed models to explore the underlying eco‐evolutionary forces.

Results

The TP species exhibited a higher cold tolerance, wider thermal niche breadth and higher rate of niche evolution than non‐TP species. We supported the assumption that the TP species were not a random subset from the species pool, but were structured jointly by environmental filtering and dispersal limitation. While dispersal and ecological processes underlying species assemblages varied spatially and among taxa, we found that species in stressful environments were limited by environmental filtering, whereas dispersal limitation was more pronounced under favourable climatic conditions.

Main conclusions

Our study finds that environmental filtering and dispersal limitation jointly shape the species assemblage on the TP. These findings provide significant insights into community assembly processes on the TP and other montane ecosystems on Earth, especially those that are sensitive to global warming.
A narrative review into the impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on senior high school adolescent mental health
Authors: Windarwati Heni D. , Lestari Retno , Supianto Ahmad A. , Wicaksono Satrio A. , Ati Niken A. L. , Kusumawati Mira W. , Humayya Atin , Ekawati Dessy
Published: February 2022

Problem

High school teenagers are facing significant challenges during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Teenagers are at risk of experiencing physical, mental, and social health problems due to the COVID‐19 pandemic. This narrative review aims to explore the impact of COVID‐19 on the emergence of mental health problems in high school adolescents.

Methods

This study employed a narrative review method. We conducted a systematic search using PRISMA on three databases: Medline, PubMed, and ScienceDirect. A total of 40 articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria set based on the research objectives.

Findings

The study uncovered that high school adolescents had an increased risk of experiencing mental health problems, namely psychological distress, worry, loneliness, anxiety, depression, traumatic symptoms, other psychological disorders, suicide risk, sleep disorders, and psychosocial functioning. Anxiety, depression, and psychological stress were the most discussed mental health problems among high school adolescents during the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Conclusions

There is a need for efforts to identify health problems and intervene in mental health problems early in high school adolescents. Schools, mental health workers, and the government (e.g., policy stakeholders) need to implement the recommendations given as a follow‐up effort for mental health services for high school youth.
Correlation between N‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide, corin, and target organ damage in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhou Ying , Dong Yubing , Liu Wanyu , Li Haiying , Song Wei
Published: February 2022

The objective was to evaluate the correlation between N‐terminal pro‐atrial natriuretic peptide (NT‐proANP), corin and the severity of target organ injury in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. A total of 78 women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and 49 normotensive pregnancies were enrolled. The clinical characteristics, laboratory index and echocardiogram results were collected. NT‐proANP, corin, sFlt‐1 and PlGF levels were measured. A receiver's operating characteristics (ROC) curve was performed to evaluate the efficacy of predicting target organ injury in the HDP group. The NT‐proANP, corin, and sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio were increased in the HDP group (p < .05). The area under the curve (AUC) predicted by NT‐proANP and corin were larger than sFlt‐1/PlGF ratio (0.779, 0.867, and 0.766, respectively). The creatinine and urine protein were significantly increased, while the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was dramatically decreased in the HDP group (p < .05 each). The left atrial diameter (LAD), left atrial volume index (LAVI), left ventricular posterior wall thickness (LVPWT), and left ventricular septal thickness (LVST) were larger in the HDP group (p < .001 each). The NT‐proANP/corin levels were positively correlated with LAD, creatinine, and urine protein, and negatively correlated with eGFR in HDP group (p < .05 each). Multiple regressions demonstrated that NT‐proANP was an independent risk factor of LAD and urine protein, and corin was an independent risk factor of creatinine and eGFR in HDP group. NT‐proANP and corin may be reliable biomarkers for evaluating the severity of target organ damage in the hypertensive disorders of pregnant patients.
Covid‐19, social restrictions, and mental distress among young people: a UK longitudinal, population‐based study
Authors: Knowles Gemma , Gayer‐Anderson Charlotte , Turner Alice , Dorn Lynsey , Lam Joseph , Davis Samantha , Blakey Rachel , Lowis Katie ,   Schools Working Group,   Young Persons Advisory Group, Pinfold Vanessa , Creary Natalie , Dyer Jacqui , Hatch Stephani L. , Ploubidis George , Bhui Kamaldeep , Harding Seeromanie , Morgan Craig
Published: February 2022

Background

Adolescence is a critical period for social and emotional development. We sought to examine the impacts of Covid‐19 and related social restrictions and school closures on adolescent mental health, particularly among disadvantaged, marginalised, and vulnerable groups.

Methods

We analysed four waves of data – 3 pre‐Covid‐19 (2016–2019) and 1 mid‐Covid‐19 (May–Aug 2020; n, 1074; 12–18 years old, >80% minority ethnic groups, 25% free school meals) from REACH (Resilience, Ethnicity, and AdolesCent Mental Health), an adolescent cohort based in inner‐London, United Kingdom. Mental health was assessed using validated measures at each time point. We estimated temporal trends in mental distress and examined variations in changes in distress, pre‐ to mid‐Covid‐19, by social group, and by pre‐ and mid‐pandemic risks.

Results

We found no evidence of an overall increase in mental distress midpandemic (15.9%, 95% CI: 13.0, 19.4) compared with prepandemic (around 18%). However, there were variations in changes in mental distress by subgroups. There were modest variations by social group and by pre‐Covid risks (e.g., a small increase in distress among girls (b [unstandardised beta coefficient] 0.42 [−0.19, 1.03]); a small decrease among boys (b − 0.59 [−1.37, 0.19]); p for interaction .007). The most notable variations were by midpandemic risks: that is, broadly, increases in distress among those reporting negative circumstances and impacts (e.g., in finances, housing, social support and relationships, and daily routines) and decreases in distress among those reporting positive impacts.

Conclusions

We found strong evidence that mental distress increased among young people who were most negatively impacted by Covid‐19 and by related social restrictions during the first lockdown in the United Kingdom.
Reduction in the magnitude of serum potassium elevation in combination therapy with esaxerenone (CS‐3150) and sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor in patients with diabetic kidney disease: Subanalysis of two phase III studies
Authors: Shikata Kenichi , Ito Sadayoshi , Kashihara Naoki , Nangaku Masaomi , Wada Takashi , Okuda Yasuyuki , Sawanobori Tomoko , Sugimoto Kotaro
Published: February 2022

Aims/Introduction

We evaluated the effect of co‐administration of esaxerenone and a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor on the magnitude of serum potassium elevation in Japanese patients with diabetic kidney disease.

Materials and Methods

We carried out a prespecified subanalysis of data from two phase III studies: a multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria (J308); and a multicenter, single‐arm, open‐label trial in patients with type 2 diabetes and macroalbuminuria (J309). Changes in serum potassium levels during the studies and other measures were evaluated according to SGLT2 inhibitor use.

Results

In both studies, time‐course changes in serum potassium levels, and incidence rates of serum potassium elevation were lower in patients with co‐administration of SGLT2 inhibitor in both the placebo and esaxerenone groups than those without the inhibitor. In contrast, time‐course changes and mean percentage changes from baseline in urinary albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio, the proportion of patients with albuminuria remission and time‐course changes in blood pressure did not change with or without SGLT2 inhibitor, whereas the albumin‐to‐creatinine ratio and blood pressure were reduced with esaxerenone. The blood glucose‐lowering effect of SGLT2 inhibitor was not affected by esaxerenone.

Conclusions

In Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuria treated with esaxerenone, concomitant use of SGLT2 inhibitor reduced the magnitude of serum potassium elevation without any change of its antihypertensive and albuminuria‐suppressing effects. Co‐administration of esaxerenone and SGLT2 inhibitor might be a beneficial treatment option for patients with diabetic kidney disease.
Impact of diabetes on coronary physiology evaluated by quantitative flow ratio in patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention
Authors: Ye Zhen , Chen Qin , Zhong Jiaxin , Chen Long , Chen Lihua , Ye Mingfang , Yan Yuanming , Chen Lianglong , Luo Yukun
Published: February 2022

Aims/Introduction

There are mixed opinions on the influence of diabetes on the prognosis of patients receiving percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Therefore, in this study, the quantitative flow ratio (QFR), an emerging technology of functional evaluation, was used to explore the impact of diabetes on coronary physiology in patients who underwent PCI.

Materials and Methods

Patients who underwent successful PCI and a 1‐year angiographic follow up were retrospectively screened and analyzed by the QFR. Based on the presence or absence of diabetes, 677 enrolled patients (794 vessels) were classified into a diabetes group (211 patients, 261 vessels) and a non‐diabetes group (466 patients, 533 vessels). The results of QFR analysis and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.

Results

The two groups reached a similar level of post‐PCI QFR (0.95 ± 0.09 vs 0.96 ± 0.06, P = 0.292). However, at the 1‐year follow up, the QFR was lower (0.93 ± 0.11 vs 0.96 ± 0.07, P < 0.001), and the degree of QFR decline was more obvious (−0.024 ± 0.090 vs −0.008 ± 0.070, P = 0.023) in the diabetes group. Additionally, diabetes was independently associated with functional restenosis (odds ratio 2.164, 95% confidence interval 1.210–3.870, P = 0.009) and target vessel failure (odds ratio 2.654, 95% confidence interval 1.405–5.012, P = 0.003).

Conclusion

As evaluated by the QFR, patients with diabetes received less coronary physiological benefit from PCI, which was consistent with their clinical outcomes.
A comparison of machine learning algorithms for predicting consumer responses based on physical, chemical, and physical–chemical data of fruits
Authors: Ribeiro Michele Nayara , Carvalho Iago Augusto , Ferreira Danton Diego , Pinheiro Ana Carla Marques
Published: February 2022

Machine learning algorithms are widely used for predicting the consumer response to several food products. Recent studies in the literature demonstrated that it is possible to predict the consumer response to fruits using the physical, chemical, and physical–chemical data of fruits as input for the machine learning algorithms. However, a myriad of machine learning algorithms exists, and there is no consensus on which algorithm is the best for this task. This work evaluates and compares the results of six of the most used machine learning algorithms, the Random Forest, the Decision Tree, the Support Vector Machine, the Multilayer Perceptron neural network, the K‐Nearest Neighbors, and the Multivariate Linear Regression, in predicting the consumers’ acceptance, expectation, and their ideal of sweetness, succulency, and acidity for three different fruits. The results demonstrated that, indeed, there is no algorithm that outperforms all others for this task. Every algorithm has its advantages and disadvantages and performs differently according to the fruit and the corresponding dataset. Therefore, it highlights the importance of carefully selecting, optimizing, and comparing several algorithms when one is interested in predicting the consumer response to fruits.

Practical applications

Fruits are mostly commercialized without a strong assurance of their quality, which is their physical–chemical and sensory aspects. The loss of control of these aspects may impact the consumer, which can acquire low‐quality products and, thus, lead to unsatisfaction. This research shows that machine learning algorithms can be employed to effectively predict the consumer's sensory response to fruits. The use of these algorithms, which are based on easy‐to‐obtain physical and physical–chemical data, can improve the quality control of fruits in the market. Therefore, fruit producers and markets can commercialize their products based on their quality, thus providing a better experience to the consumer, which, in turn, can improve their satisfaction.
Worse sleep, worsening post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD): Poor sleep quality associated with increases in PTSD symptoms amongst those experiencing high threat of the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Straus Laura D. , Dolsen Emily A. , Nishimi Kristen , Neylan Thomas C. , O’Donovan Aoife
Published: February 2022

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) pandemic is a global health crisis with the potential to elicit and worsen psychiatric symptoms, particularly post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Identifying modifiable protective factors is critical for preventing and treating PTSD symptoms both during and following the COVID‐19 pandemic. The present study examined associations of self‐reported sleep quality and anticipatory threat appraisals of the pandemic with PTSD symptoms 6 months later in a sample enriched for pre‐pandemic trauma exposure and PTSD. The sample included 590 adults (mean age 38.2 years) who completed a baseline survey in August/September 2020 and follow‐up survey in March/April 2021. The sample was recruited from a pool of participants interested in a prior study about traumatic stress. Participants self‐reported sleep quality and pandemic‐related anticipatory threat appraisals at baseline. PTSD symptoms were assessed at baseline and follow‐up. Baseline sleep quality was associated with PTSD symptoms at follow‐up controlling for baseline PTSD symptoms (B = −2.49, p = 0.001). Perceived anticipatory threat of the pandemic moderated this association such that worse sleep quality was related to more severe PTSD symptoms at follow‐up for participants with higher (B = −4.07, p < 0.001) but not lower (B = −0.43, p = 0.679) anticipatory threat about the COVID‐19 pandemic. These findings suggest that poor sleep quality may enhance vulnerability to later PTSD symptoms during the pandemic, particularly among those individuals who perceived the pandemic as threatening for their future. Treatments that address sleep problems may be beneficial for reducing trauma‐related symptoms during and following the global health crisis.
Consequences of child maltreatment victimisation in internalising and externalising mental health problems
Authors: Vilariño Manuel , Amado Bárbara G. , Seijo Dolores , Selaya Adriana , Arce Ramón
Published: February 2022

Purpose

The literature on the prevalence of child maltreatment is extensive, but studies are required to assess the impact on mental health to enhance the effectiveness of intervention programs.

Method

Thus, a field study was undertaken to evaluate depression, anxiety, and anger in 65 child victims of multiple types of maltreatment.

Results

The results showed that child maltreatment victim (CM‐V) reported more depressive (36%), anxiety (45%), and anger (69%) symptoms than the normative sample. However, subjects were asymptomatic in approximately 25% of depression, 20% anxiety, and 5% of anger. Epidemiologically, the results revealed that the probability of caseness among the CM‐Vs sample increased to around 85% for depression and anxiety and 90% for anger.

Conclusions

The clinical, social, and legal implications of the results are discussed.
Whole‐genome sequencing illuminates multifaceted targets of selection to humic substances in Eurasian perch
Authors: Ozerov Mikhail , Noreikiene Kristina , Kahar Siim , Huss Magnus , Huusko Ari , Kõiv Toomas , Sepp Margot , López María‐Eugenia , Gårdmark Anna , Gross Riho , Vasemägi Anti
Published: February 2022

Extreme environments are inhospitable to the majority of species, but some organisms are able to survive in such hostile conditions due to evolutionary adaptations. For example, modern bony fishes have colonized various aquatic environments, including perpetually dark, hypoxic, hypersaline and toxic habitats. Eurasian perch (Perca fluviatilis) is among the few fish species of northern latitudes that is able to live in very acidic humic lakes. Such lakes represent almost “nocturnal” environments; they contain high levels of dissolved organic matter, which in addition to creating a challenging visual environment, also affects a large number of other habitat parameters and biotic interactions. To reveal the genomic targets of humic‐associated selection, we performed whole‐genome sequencing of perch originating from 16 humic and 16 clear‐water lakes in northern Europe. We identified over 800,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms, of which >10,000 were identified as potential candidates under selection (associated with >3000 genes) using multiple outlier approaches. Our findings suggest that adaptation to the humic environment may involve hundreds of regions scattered across the genome. Putative signals of adaptation were detected in genes and gene families with diverse functions, including organism development and ion transportation. The observed excess of variants under selection in regulatory regions highlights the importance of adaptive evolution via regulatory elements, rather than via protein sequence modification. Our study demonstrates the power of whole‐genome analysis to illuminate the multifaceted nature of humic adaptation and provides the foundation for further investigation of causal mutations underlying phenotypic traits of ecological and evolutionary importance.
The Relationship Between Lexical Coverage and Type of Reading Comprehension in Beginning L2 Spanish Learners
Authors: HERMAN ERIC , LEESER MICHAEL J.
Published: February 2022

This study examined the relationship between lexical coverage (i.e., the percentage of known word tokens in a text) and second language (L2) reading comprehension. Several studies have suggested that adequate comprehension occurs between 95% and 98% coverage, but no study has investigated beginning‐level learners reading under the conditions of extensive reading. Therefore, the present study recruited 50 native English‐speaking learners enrolled in a second‐semester Spanish course. Learners chose between 1 of 2 interesting, graded texts and read for general understanding. A yes–no vocabulary test was used to measure knowledge of all the words in the texts, and comprehension of the 10 main events was assessed with cued written recall and multiple‐choice tests. Additionally, to begin to understand how coverage relates to different types of comprehension, a literal and an inferential question was asked of each main event. The results indicated that (a) the relationship between lexical coverage and comprehension was moderate to strong, (b) lexical coverage was more associated with literal comprehension, and (c) 98% coverage would predict the productive recall of 8 of the 10 main events. The findings support the importance of having texts written at the lexical level of beginning L2 learners when engaging in extensive reading.
LIFEWAY INTERPRETATIONS FROM ANCIENT DIET IN THE VARNA CEMETERY
Authors: Gaydarska Bisserka , Beavan Nancy , Slavchev Vladimir
Published: February 2022

Rescue excavations in the urbanized area of the Varna Bay in 2017 have brought to light 15 prehistoric burials whose grave goods and AMS dating have unequivocally related them to the famous Copper Age cemetery in Varna on the Bulgarian Black Sea coast. The newly excavated area was called Varna 3 and the ten AMS‐dated individuals from there and 19 individuals from the Varna 1 cemetery were subjected to FRUITS modelling for the purposes of dietary reconstruction. There is no link between diet and grave deposition but differentiation in diet does exist in terms of sex. The results showed overall isotopic consistency with a small group of five outliers, among whom is a five‐year‐old girl with steppe aDNA ancestry, who is considered to be a migrant to the Varna area. We discuss the social implications of the dietary and aDNA results that reveal a more complex pattern than had previously been considered.
Organizational commitment in public servants through civic engagement
Authors: Mendez Nathalie , Avellaneda Claudia N.
Published: February 2022

The public service motivation (PSM) theory has emphasized the distinctive motivational character of public employees in serving public institutions. However, scarce research has explored whether public service motivation extrapolates to civic engagement as another way to participate in public affairs. We contend that public employees' stronger sense of public interest expands toward higher engagement levels in social, economic, political, and civic organizations. Using data from the most recent wave of the World Values Survey from 2017 to 2020 in 77 countries—this study compares the degree of civic engagement of public servants with general citizens' level of engagement. Results across all world regions, except Africa, support the hypotheses that public servants are more willing to participate in civic organizations. However, public employees' civic engagement is contingent on organizational type (modern vs. traditional) and bureaucratic rank (top‐ vs. street‐level), for street‐level bureaucrats participate more in traditional but not modern organizations.
Little Englanders or Big Britainers? TheUKandEUrole conceptions during the Brexit bill debate
Authors: Gibbins Justin
Published: February 2022

This article utilizes role theory to examine UK MPs' conceptions of the roles of the UK and the EU. Employing the House of Commons debates on the notification of withdrawal from the EU in early 2017, or the Brexit bill, this study outlines the multiple roles each actor possesses according to British parliamentarians. Organized according to the positions of whether the politicians supported leave and remain, rather than on how they voted, the findings are organized into role contestations based on three faultlines. The first is a clash between global and regional UK roles revealing identity‐based discord over the post‐Brexit vision of its international relations. The second is popular versus parliamentary invocations of national sovereignty which echo the struggle between pluralist and elite configurations of sovereignty and democracy. The last is whether the EU functions as a materialist realist‐bound power or an ideational norm‐creating power.

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Resistance to root‐lesion nematode Pratylenchus neglectus identified in a new collection of two wild chickpea species (Cicer reticulatum and C. echinospermum) from Turkey
Authors: Rostad Hannah E. , Reen Roslyn A. , Mumford Michael H. , Zwart Rebecca S. , Thompson John P.
Published: February 2022

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) is a major legume crop, with Australia being the second largest producer worldwide. Pratylenchus neglectus is a root‐lesion nematode that invades, feeds and reproduces in roots of pulse and cereal crops. In Australia, chickpea and wheat (Triticum aestivum) are commonly grown in rotation and annual damage by P. neglectus accounts for large economic losses to both crops. Cultivated chickpea has narrow genetic diversity that limits the potential for improvement in resistance breeding. New collections of wild chickpea species, C. reticulatum and C. echinospermum, have substantially increased the previously limited world collection of wild Cicer germplasm and offer potential to widen the genetic diversity of cultivated chickpea through the identification of accessions with good resistance. This research assessed 243 C. reticulatum and 86 C. echinospermum accessions for response to P. neglectus in replicated experiments under controlled glasshouse conditions from 2013 and 2014 collection missions that were received, tested and analysed in two experimental sets. Multi‐experiment analyses showed lower P. neglectus population densities in both sets of wild Cicer accessions tested than Australia's elite breeding cultivar PBA HatTrick at the significance level p < 0.05. Provisional resistance ratings were given to all genotypes tested in both experimental sets, with C. reticulatum accessions CudiB_008B and Kayat_066 rated as resistant in both Set 1 and Set 2. New sources of resistance to P. neglectus observed in this study can be introgressed into commercial chickpea cultivars to improve their resistance to this nematode.
Lost in the wind: An integrated approach for the recognition of mixed clastic–carbonate continental aeolianites
Authors: Arboit Francesco , Steuber Thomas , Mohamad Khalid , Alsuwaidi Mohammad , Ceriani Andrea
Published: February 2022

Aeolianites with a mixed clastic and carbonate detrital mineralogy are typical deposits of tropical coastal desert environments. These deposits are genetically related to transgressive–regressive cycles, with the shallow‐marine carbonate detrital component being deflated from the exposed seafloor during episodes of glacial sea‐level lowstands, transported and later accumulated onto more continental areas. A detailed investigation of the granulometric and petrographic properties of the Late Pleistocene to Holocene Ghayathi Formation in the United Arab Emirates provides a comprehensive numerical dataset that reveals the complex spatio‐temporal depositional and diagenetic evolution of a mixed siliciclastic–carbonate continental aeolianite. Fifty‐one thin sections and forty‐four rock samples of three sedimentary units (Madinat‐Zayed, Ghayathi and Fuwayrit formations) from the United Arab Emirates were analyzed for their grain‐size distribution, mineralogy and the bulk stable‐carbon and oxygen isotopic composition. Sorting, skewness and kurtosis of the grain‐size distributions provide evidence for a divergent aerodynamic behaviour between the carbonate and siliciclastic particles. The different grain‐size distributions between the inland and coastal sections of the Ghayathi Formation indicate that continental mixed clastic−carbonate aeolianites are affected by density‐driven selective transport and consequent traction sorting due to the nature of carbonate detritus. The transport decoupling of the different detrital components resulted in a ‘continental sorting’ effect, with the inland sections yielding layers characterized by a better sorted detritus than the coastal areas. All detritus originally composed of aragonite has been removed by dissolution during early meteoric diagenesis, with its shapes frequently preserved by micritic envelopes. The bulk stable‐isotope composition of the carbonate fraction reflects a decreasing degree of meteoric cementation from coastal to inland areas. The high complexity of the lateral and vertical distribution of the sedimentary, diagenetic and isotopic properties of continental mixed aeolianites, such as the Ghayathi Formation, highlights the problem of recognizing such deposits in the pre‐Quaternary sedimentary record.
Crime and deviance during the COVID‐19 pandemic
Authors: Regalado Jullianne , Timmer Anastasiia , Jawaid Ali
Published: February 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic has fundamentally changed the world and inevitably influenced people's behaviors including the likelihood of crime and deviance. Emerging empirical evidence suggests a decline in certain crimes (e.g., theft, robbery, and assault) but also proliferation of different violent behaviors and cybercriminal activity during the pandemic. To explain those trends, we draw on existent theories and elaborate on how crime and violence have been affected by the changes in people's daily routines and accumulated stressful conditions. However, as recent crime trends appear to be largely inconsistent and vary across social groups and contexts, we argue that social scientists need to pay particular attention to the differential experiences related to crime and violence during this global crisis. Specifically, because of the disproportionate experience of violence by vulnerable groups including minorities and women as well as the unique cross‐national variations in deviance, more nuanced approaches to understanding causes of crime are warranted. We also discuss the limitations of present research and provide recommendations for the development of comparative and multi‐disciplinary studies on criminal and deviant behaviors that are influenced by human crisis situations.
CBF4/DREB1D represses XERICO to attenuate ABA, osmotic and drought stress responses in Arabidopsis
Authors: Vonapartis Eliana , Mohamed Deka , Li Jingru , Pan Wenqiang , Wu Jian , Gazzarrini Sonia
Published: February 2022

Water stress can severely impact plant growth, productivity and yield. Consequently, plants have evolved various strategies through which they can respond and adapt to their environment. XERICO (XER) is a stress‐responsive RING E3 ubiquitin ligase that modulates abscisic acid (ABA) levels and promotes drought tolerance when overexpressed. To better understand the biological role of XER in stress responses, we characterized a xer‐1 hypomorphic mutant and a CRISPR/Cas9‐induced xer‐2 null mutant in Arabidopsis. Both xer mutant alleles exhibited increased drought sensitivity, supporting the results from overexpression studies. Furthermore, we discovered that both xer mutants have greater stomatal indices and that XER is expressed in epidermal cells, indicating that XER functions in the epidermis to repress stomatal development. To explore XER spatiotemporal and stress‐dependent regulation, we conducted a yeast one‐hybrid screen and found that CBF4/DREB1D associates with the XER 5′ untranslated region (5′‐UTR). We generated three cbf4 null mutants with CRISPR/Cas9 and showed that CBF4 negatively regulates ABA responses, promotes stomatal development and reduces drought tolerance, in contrast to the roles shown for XER. CBF4 is induced by ABA and osmotic stress, and localizes to the nucleus where it downregulates XER expression via the DRE element in its 5′‐UTR. Lastly, genetic interaction studies confirmed that xer is epistatic to cbf4 in stomatal development and in ABA, osmotic and drought stress responses. We propose that the repression of XER by CBF4 functions to attenuate ABA signaling and stress responses to maintain a balance between plant growth and survival under adverse environmental conditions.
Left shift and toxic change in heterophils and neutrophils of non‐mammalian vertebrates: A comparative review, image atlas, and practical considerations
Authors: Stacy Nicole I. , Hollinger Charlotte , Arnold Jill E. , Cray Carolyn , Pendl Helene , Nelson Pilar J. , Harvey John W.
Published: February 2022

Heterophils and neutrophils are important first cellular responders to inflammatory conditions. In addition to quantitative shifts in the numbers of these cells in blood, inflammatory disease states often have accompanying increases in immature precursor stages (left shift) and/or evidence of toxic change on blood film evaluation. Recognition of left shift and toxic change morphologies is a salient diagnostic finding with clinical relevance across species. The objectives of this report are to (a) review heterophil and neutrophil function and structure across the vertebrate animal kingdom, (b) compare morphologic features of left shift and toxic change in heterophils and neutrophils of non‐mammalian vertebrates (NMV) to mammals, (c) provide an image guide demonstrating the breadth of morphologic diversity of heterophil and neutrophil lineages in health and disease across taxa, and (d) discuss practical considerations for clinical pathologists and other professionals involved in the recognition and interpretation of observations in the inflammatory leukogram of NMV.
Lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention in children and adolescents of African descent in OECD countries: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Iduye Damilola , Wild Sarah , Ostrishko Kayla , Macdonald Marilyn , Helwig Melissa , Iduye Steve , Jefferies Keisha
Published: February 2022

Objectives:

The objectives of this review are to investigate the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention in children and adolescents of African descent in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) member countries and to attempt to ascertain what aspects of these interventions are most effective in this population.

Introduction:

Lifestyle interventions have been shown to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes;however, the extent to which these interventions are effective for children and adolescents of African descent is not well established. The increasing type 2 diabetes incidence and prevalence in children and adolescents of African descent in some OECD member countries underscores the need to pool available evidence to ascertain the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention in this population.

Inclusion criteria:

Lifestyle interventions to be considered include individual-or group-based lifestyle or behavioral modification interventions aimed at preventing or delaying the onset of type 2 diabetes in children and adolescents of African descent aged 19 years and under in OECD countries. Randomized controlled trials and non-randomized studies that assess the effectiveness of lifestyle interventions for type 2 diabetes prevention will be considered.

Methods:

The databases to be searched include MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Social Services Abstracts, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global databases. There will be no language or date limits placed on the search. Two independent reviewers will conduct the title, abstract, and full-text screening, followed by critical appraisal and data extraction. Data will undergo meta-analysis where appropriate, and will otherwise be presented as narrative synthesis.

Systematic review registration number:

PROSPERO CRD42021247267
Prevalence and incidence of chemotherapy-induced taste alterations in adult cancer patients: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Corremans Marleen , Mortelmans Dimitri , Geurden Bart , Luyten Sarah , Bekkering Geertruida
Published: February 2022

Objective:

This study will synthesize the available evidence on the prevalence and incidence of chemotherapy-induced taste alterations in adult cancer patients.

Introduction:

Taste and smell alterations in cancer patients due to chemotherapy affect patients’ quality of life and can cause malnutrition. Recent knowledge about the incidence and prevalence of chemotherapy-induced taste alterations may enable tailored food interventions for this specific population. Describing variations in taste changes in subgroups of chemotherapy is important to inform taste steering interventions.

Inclusion criteria:

The review will consider studies that include adult cancer patients who are receiving or have received chemotherapy as a treatment for an oncologic issue. It will include studies that investigate the prevalence and incidence of chemotherapy-induced taste alterations that have been assessed objectively or subjectively by patient-reported outcomes.

Methods:

A systematic search will be performed of the following databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), CINAHL (Ovid), Embase, and OpenSIGLE. Analytical, observational, and cross-sectional studies will be considered. All studies will undergo critical appraisal, data extraction, and synthesis. Data will be extracted using the JBI standardized data extraction tool for prevalence and incidence. Type and frequency of treatment and cytostatic agent will be extracted. The population will be described by age and gender. In addition, study methods and proportions of interest to the review question will be extracted. Pooled prevalence estimates will be calculated using a random effects model.

Systematic review:

PROSPERO CRD42020136706