bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percepciones de los profesionales sobre el acompañamiento socioeducativo en los recursos de transición a la vida adulta. Un análisis comparativo entre Andalucía y Cataluña
Authors: Sevillano-Monje Verónica , Sanz-Escutia Clara
Published: June 2022

El apoyo de los educadores es clave tanto en los centros de protección como en los recursos de transición a la vida adulta para jóvenes extutelados. Este estudio cualitativo tiene como objetivo describir y comprar el proceso de acompañamiento socioeducativo en los recursos de transición a la vida adulta en Andalucía y Cataluña, y analizar las dificultades, necesidades y retos de los profesionales desde una perspectiva comparada.  Se realizaron entrevistas semi-estructuradas a 19 profesionales de los recursos de vivienda y orientación laboral de ambas comunidades. Los resultados muestran que el proceso de acompañamiento y seguimiento es similar, aunque en Andalucía tiene más peso la orientación sociolaboral. En ambas comunidades, el plan de trabajo y la tutoría son las herramientas clave. La falta de tiempo para trabajar con los jóvenes, crear un vínculo emocional con ellos, y la dificultad para comunicarse con los jóvenes migrantes son las dificultades más relevantes con las que se encuentran los profesionales. Las principales diferencias surgen en las necesidades formativas y en los retos de la intervención: en Andalucía tienen más peso los aspectos relacionados con la situación legal de los jóvenes migrantes y las oportunidades de formación específica para los jóvenes. En cambio, en Cataluña destacan los aspectos vinculados al acompañamiento socioemocional y a la integración y participación social de los jóvenes. Concluimos que estas diferencias responden fundamentalmente a las características de los recursos y proponemos como principal mejora el trabajo conjunto de todos los agentes implicados, especialmente de la Administración, así como el desarrollo de estudios longitudinales a nivel nacional.
Políticas públicas de atención a las personas mayores en España y Brasil: un estudio comparativo desde la perspectiva del envejecimiento activo y saludable
Authors: Vega Gil Leoncio , Pinheiro Tavares Nayana
Published: June 2022

Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación centrada en el análisis de las políticas públicas de atención a las personas mayores en España y Brasil. Nuestro interés fue conocer los mecanismos para la elaboración y aplicación de estas políticas, así como las posibles conexiones entre las políticas nacionales, regionales y municipales de cada país analizado. El método seleccionado fue el Estudio de caso comparado (CCS), que permite al investigador investigar de manera efectiva el impacto de una política y su aplicabilidad. Los resultados expresan que en España las políticas se materilializan desde la perspectiva de la educación y prevención de enfermedades y limitaciones derivadas del proceso de envejecimiento, mientras que en Brasil, las pautas para ele envejecimiento activo están vigentes, pero la materialización se da, principalmente, sobre medidas curativas.
La diversidad sociocultural y lingüística en el desarrollo curricular: un estudio comparado en España, Finlandia e Irlanda
Authors: Neubauer Adrián , Álvarez Pavón Sara , Nicolás Ruiz Mª Ángeles
Published: June 2022

En un contexto en el que la interacción entre las diferentes culturas es cada vez mayor, la educación cobra un rol fundamental a la hora de formar ciudadanos capaces de integrarse dentro de la sociedad global a la que pertenecen. España, Finlandia e Irlanda son países pertenecientes a la Unión Europea (UE) que presentan una gran riqueza cultural y lingüística; por ello esta investigación busca analizar y comparar las similitudes y diferencias en el currículo de la etapa obligatoria relativas a los términos de diversidad sociocultural y lingüística en estos países. Para esta investigación se ha realizado un estudio cualitativo de cada legislación con objeto de yuxtaponer los resultados y finalmente elaborar un análisis comparado que permita establecer una serie de consideraciones y conclusiones. Las páginas que siguen muestran una clara importancia de la interculturalidad y diversidad en los respectivos currículos, en especial en las asignaturas de “Historia”, “Religión”, “Educación Física” y segundos idiomas. Este contenido es presentado desde una perspectiva transversal, favoreciendo así una educación intercultural basada en el respeto a la diversidad y en el desarrollo de una identidad cultural propia.
Reimers, F. M. (2022): Primary and Secondary Education During Covid-19. Disruptions to Educational Opportunity During a Pandemic (Cham: Springer), 467 pp. ISBN 978-3-030-81499-1
Authors: Benito Lucas Domingo
Published: June 2022

La crisis de la COVID-19 provocó un cierre escolar insólito que requirió una histórica movilización de recursos para garantizar el derecho a la educación en todo el mundo. Todo ello en el marco de un contexto en el que el papel y futuro de la enseñanza presencial estaba siendo puesto en duda desde diferentes ámbitos. 

Este libro recoge trabajos iniciales que analizan el impacto de la pandemia en sistemas educativos de todo el mundo en aspectos como la gobernanza, las reaccioness inmediatas, los recursos disponibles y su efecto en cuestiones como el aprendizaje, la desigualdad o la adaptabilidad de cada uno de ellos. Asimismo, anticipa muchos de los temas que serán objeto de análisis en una nueva ola de investigaciones en las que el cierre escolar se constituye como una fuente de información relevante sobre los procesos educativos. 

¿Cuáles eran las condiciones de partida de sistemas educativos tan diferentes en lugares alejados del planeta? ¿Qué respuestas han sido apropiadas en cada contexto? ¿Qué enseñanzas se obtienen en la gobernanza y el diseño del sistema educativo para el futuro? ¿Podremos afrontar una situación en el futuro garantizando que afecte lo menos posible al derecho a la educación? Estas son las principales preguntas que forman parte de una reflexión sobre el pasado, el presente y el futuro de la escuela que debemos responder para volver a interpretar, sin entelequias ni ensoñaciones, el papel de la escuela en nuestra sociedad.
El acceso a la Educación Superior en Chile. Un nuevo sistema más justo, con más oportunidades y mayor equidad
Authors: Sánchez Lissen Encarnación , Sianes Bautista Alicia
Published: June 2022

Entre las consideraciones y cambios propuestos en la Ley de Educación Superior (21.091) de Chile, promulgada en mayo de 2018, se sugiere la modificación del sistema de acceso a la Educación Superior. Esta iniciativa será implementada por la Subsecretaría de Educación Superior que, en coordinación con otros órganos y Comités Técnicos pertenecientes al Ministerio de Educación chileno y a la Universidad de Chile, construyen de manera gradual todo el proceso. Para ello se inicia un periodo intermedio, con nuevos requisitos que se concretan en una Prueba de Transición (PdT) y, a continuación, se gesta la nueva Prueba de Acceso a la Educación Superior (PAES). Su finalidad consiste en aplicar un método diferente en el acceso a la universidad con la intención no solo de evaluar el conocimiento de contenidos, sino también la adquisición de competencias. Al ofrecer más oportunidades para todos los aspirantes a la universidad, se procura alcanzar mayores niveles de equidad en este proceso que tiene en cuenta la diversidad de la población, tratando de convertirse en un modelo más justo. Con todo, se aspira a un sistema de acceso a la educación superior más inclusivo.
Development of delayed thyroid stimulating hormone elevation in small-for-gestational-age infants: is a second screening needed?
Authors: Lee Gahyun , Park So Yun , Park Jae Hyun , Kang Seokjin
Published: June 2022

Purpose: Recent reports indicate that small for gestational age (SGA) could be a risk factor for delayed thyroid stimulating hormone (dTSH) elevation in preterm infants. The development of dTSH elevation in SGA late-preterm infants with a gestational age of 34–36 weeks has been investigated in only a few studies.Methods: In the present retrospective study, 70 SGA infants and 86 sex- and gestational age-matched controls who presented with normal results on initial thyroid function testing were included.Results: SGA infants had a significantly higher prevalence of dTSH elevation (15.7% vs. 3.5%, P=0.009) compared with appropriate-for-gestational age infants. In SGA infants, the mean age at the time of dTSH was 24 days. Development of dTSH was associated with SGA and medical treatment with dopamine or furosemide. After adjusting for confounding factors, multiple logistic regression analysis showed SGA was a significant risk factor for the development of dTSH elevation (odds ratio, 23.2; 95% confidence interval, 2.27–236.91; P=0.008).Conclusion: SGA infants may be at risk for dTSH and clinicians could consider a second thyroid screening test around the age of 1 month.
EVALUATION OF MARGINAL ADAPTATION AND MICROLEAKAGE OF DIFFERANT ALL-CERAMIC PORCELAIN SYSTEMS
Authors: COŞKUN Akın , YALUĞ Suat
Published: June 2022

ABSTRACT
Purpose: This study evaluated the marginal adaptation and microleakage of the İn-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia and Finesse press all-ceramic porcelain systems.
Material and methods: Thirty maxillary Central teeth extracted for periodontal reasons without caries and cracks were divided equally into three group and there was no control group; only the three systems were compared. Sample teeth cemented were stored in distile water for 24 hours. Then, they were applied to a repeated thermal cycle for 500 times. The samples were left in %5 of basic fuchsin dye for 24 hours. For the marginal adaptation rankings, all of the sample teeth for which cross-sections were made were moved into the metal microscope (Scherr Turico St. James/ Minn./ USA) and the marginal adaptation degrees were measured in both the palatinal and vestibul regions by measuring twice with x10 enlargement at micron level. For the statistical evaluations of marginal adaptation and microleakage values, Kruskal Wallis test has been used (p>0.05). Results: The differences between the three all-ceramic porcelain systems are not significant (p>0.05), α=0.05).
Conclusion: The Finesse porcelain system caused the least leakage in both regions. In second place in both regions was In-Ceram Alumina, In-Ceram Zirconia caused the most leakage in both regions. The biggest margin gap in the palatal region was seen in the Finesse porcelain system, In-Ceram Zirconia in second place. The least marginal gap was caused by the In- Ceram Alumina porcelain system.
COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT ROTARY INSTRUMENT SYSTEMS ON THE AMOUNT OF APICALLY EXTRUDED DEBRIS
Authors: ZAN Recai , LENGER Bilge
Published: June 2022

Objectives: The purpose of our study is to examine in vitro the amount of debris extrusion from the apical after root canal preparation with different rotary instruments.

Materials and Methods: In present study, 60 single root single-canal lower premolar human teeth were used. The teeth were randomly selected and divided into 4 main groups (n=15). Root canals are shaped by using 2Shape, One Curve and XP-3DEndo Shaper working in rotational motion and WaveOne Gold working reciprocal motion. Later, the weight of each eppendorf tube was weighed on a precision scale and the amount of debris extrusion from the apical was determined with 10ˉ4 precision by subtracting the empty weight of the tube. Since the parametric test assumptions were fulfilled in the evaluation of the data obtained regarding the amount of debris extrusion from the apical of file systems by loading them into the SPSS 22.0 program, One-Way Variance analysis was used and the level of error was taken as 0.05.

Results: When the amount of debris extrusion from the apical is ordered from high to low, it was seen that there are 2Shape, One Curve, XP-Endo Shaper, WaveOne Gold. However, the difference between study groups was not statistically significant (p> 0.05).

Conclusions: Considering the results obtained in terms of debris extrusion from the apical about the new generation files with different metallurgy, kinematics, structural features, designs and different configurations that we used ın present study, it was seen that these systems would not show any difference in terms of the effect of debris on the success of endodontic treatment.
Hvad handler kvalitativ psykologi om?
Authors: Brinkmann Svend
Published: June 2022

I artiklen spørger jeg, hvad kvalitativ psykologi handler om. Jeg tager udgangspunkt i en tese om, at en psykologisk videnskab må have et normativt udgangspunkt, idet dens genstand er normativt bestemt. Psykologien studerer nemlig ikke blot, hvad der sker i verden, men hvordan levende mennesker agerer og retter sig intentionelt mod verden gennem deres tanker, handlinger og følelser, hvilket kun kan forstås, hvis man erkender, at disse fænomener er normativt konstitueret. Jeg vil hævde, at det, der nu kaldes kvalitativ psykologi, har de bedste forudsætninger for at begribe psykologiens normativitet og intentionalitet. Jeg vil argumentere for, at distinktionen mellem kvalitative og kvantitative metoder er mindre fundamental end en distinktion mellem en deltager- og tilskuerpsykologi, som anden del af artiklen udfolder.
Kvalitativ psykologi som tilfældets psykologi
Authors: Nielsen Klaus
Published: June 2022

Hensigten for denne artikel er at komme med et bud på, hvad der kendetegner en kvalitativ psykologi. Artiklen tager udgangspunkt i tilfældet, som et centralt erfaringsmæssigt omdrejningspunkt for en kvalitativ psykologi. Tilfældet eller oplevelsen af det tilfældige vil fungere som teoretisk prisme til at reflektere og sammenholde forskellige overvejelser over, hvad en kvalitativ psykologi er for en størrelse og hvilke kritiske potentialer denne tilgang kunne besidde, hvis den  blev udviklet yderligere. Det tilfældige kan forstås på mindst tre måder: 1) At noget er en tilfældighed, hvilket vil sige, at det tilfældige betegner her det  uforudsete og det uventede. 2) At noget er tilfældet. Her henviser det tilfældige til det konkret eksisterende og enkeltstående. 3) At noget er tilfældigt henviser til et mere grundlæggende organiserende princip for mennesker, handlinger og sociale samspil. Med tilfældet som udgangspunkt formulerer artiklen en kritik  af mainstreampsykologiens forståelse af mennesket som et informationsbehandlingssystem, hvor der ikke er plads til den ”anden”, til meningsbegrebet eller til tilfældet. Artiklen diskuterer kort psykologiens replikationskrise som et udtryk for at mainstreampsykologien netop ikke kan undgå at forholde sig til  tilfældet eller det tilfældige. Afslutningsvist diskuteres hvad en kvalitative psykologi som tilfældets psykologi kan bidrage med konstruktivt. Her ligger fokus på det social, det konkrete og meningsaspektet.
Den kvalitative psykologiens kraft til å forstyrre fenomenene
Authors: Hogstad Ingrid Johnsen
Published: June 2022

Psykologisk forskning på mennesket tilbyr selvforståelser som kan fungere selvoppfyllende og dermed være med å (re)produsere de psykologiske  fenomenene vi forsker på. Kunnskapsproduksjonen har helt reelle konsekvenser for individ og samfunn, og forskere har et etisk ansvar i å være kritiske i sin forskning og jobbe for å unngå at forskningen skader mennesker, samfunn, natur og miljø. Forfatter av denne artikkelen har tidligere vært opptatt av hvordan psykologisk forskning kan bidra til å reprodusere kunnskap om barns sorg som støtter praksiser som kan fungere ekskluderende for de yngste barna. Denne artikkelen argumenterer for at den kvalitative psykologien bærer i seg en kraft til å «forstyrre» de psykologiske fenomenene vi forsker på heller enn å  reprodusere dem, og at denne kraften særlig ligger i analysen og med den i anvendelse av teori. I artikkelen søker forfatteren å demonstrere den forstyrrende kraften i kvalitativ psykologi ved å anvende to ulike teoretisk informerte lesninger av et empirisk eksempel om barns sorguttrykk fra intervjuer med barnehagelærere. De to forskjellige «analytikkene» utvikles fra to ulike teoretiske perspektiver fra utviklingspsykologi, Piagets konstruktivistiske teori om kognitiv utvikling og sosiokulturell utviklingsteori. Lesningene demonstrerer hvordan det teoretiske perspektivet har konsekvenser for hvordan vi avgrenser og lokaliserer psykologiske fenomen, hva vi antar intervjutranskript kan representere av fenomenet og for hva slags kunnskap vi ender opp med å produsere.
Brugerstyrede Indlæggelser
Authors: Holen Mari , Ringer Agnes
Published: June 2022

Brugerinddragelse er veletableret som ideal i psykiatrien og der er store forhåbninger til, at øget brugerinddragelse og inddragelse af brugeres hverdagsliv, vil føre til recovery. I denne artikel analyserer vi brugerinddragelse i praksis og viser hvordan en forestilling om ”gam- mel psykiatri” kontra ”ny psykiatri” former hvad brugerinddragelse bliver til i det konkrete møde mellem patienter og professionelle Artiklen bygger på et etnografisk feltstudie vi gen- nemførte i 2016 af initiativet Brugerstyrede Indlæggelser (BSI). Vi undersøger hvad BSI gør ved relationen mellem brugere og professionelle, hvor vi især spørger hvilke dilemmaer og paradokser der opstår i positioneringen af brugerne, når man i en hospitalspsykiatrisk kontekst iværksætter en model som giver adgang til at indlægge og udskrive sig selv? For- målet er at indfange de dynamikker som driver eller modgår en forandring mod ”ny psy- kiatri”. Analysen viser en række ambivalenser og dobbeltheder i brugernes positioneringer. Brugerne skal på den ene side udleve drømmen om den ”nye psykiatri”, samtidig som at brugerne har været afhængig af hjælp og en del af psykiatrien længe inden man begyndte aktivt at tale om ”ny psykiatri” med selvansvar, brugerinddragelse, håb og recovery som pejlemærker. Resultatet er en form for ”space-in-between”, hvor personerne risikerer at havne i en position som ikke-ordinære, ikke-ordentlige eller ikke-synlige patienter. Artiklen diskuterer således til sidst hvilke ressourcer og liv, brugerinddragelse kræver – og hvem der egentlig får stemme når ”ny psykiatri” formuleres?
Psykisk Sundhedsarbejde og Politik
Authors: Oute Jeppe , Johansen Katrine Schepelern
Published: June 2022

Psykisk Sundhedsarbejde og Politik
Dipole-Dipole Effect to Limits of Entanglement in Multipartite Spin Chain: A Monte Carlo Study
Authors: DURU İzzet Paruğ , AKTAŞ Şahin
Published: June 2022

The entanglement of the ferromagnetically ordered isotropic spin-1/2 chain is discussed. The analytically deriving concurrence of a two-qubit state allows focusing on the effect of dipolar interaction (D). Low fields enable tuning creation/extinction of entangled states, particularly at low temperatures. There is a joint effect of the applied field and dipolar interaction which can’t be disregarded. We perform Quantum Monte Carlo simulations on quantifying localizable entanglement (LE) in terms of upper/lower bounds. Findings reveal that D and B_z are decisive parameters on the production of entanglement including creation and extinction. A non-monotonic behavior has occurred under high fields at the critical temperature. However, strong D provides the stability of LE values concerning distance herewith conserving the unity at low temperatures under zero field. Rival regions are observed for the distant nearest neighbors, particularly odd ones.
A case of Blaschkoid pityriasis rosea following COVID-19 vaccination: A rare exceptional occurrence
Authors: Arora Aakanksha , Mohta Alpana , Soni Prasoon
Published: June 2022

The launch of COVID-19 vaccines in India has raised the expectations of the dreadful COVID-19 pandemic ending in the future. Various mild and benign cutaneous manifestations of the different forms of the COVID-19 vaccine have been documented. Herein, we are reporting a unique case of Blaschkoid pityriasis rosea (PR) developing after COVID-19 vaccination. A forty-two-year-old female presented with PR along a linear arbitrary zone on the back at the level of L1-L2 extending to involve the abdomen and an oblique zone on the thigh. She was vaccinated with the first dose of the COVISHIELD ChAdOx1/nCoV-19 (recombinant) coronavirus vaccine six days before the onset of the lesions. There are only several case reports of typical pityriasis rosea occurring after COVID-19 vaccination. Our unique case depicts the occurrence of atypical PR after COVID-19 vaccination.
Legal regulation of the state administration of the Arctic zone: from individual bodies to a single system
Authors: Golubenko Konstantin Aleksandrovich
Published: June 2022

The subject of the study is the study of the legal status and scope of powers of the subjects of state administration of the Arctic zone, included and not included in Chapter II of Federal Law No. 193-FZ of 13.07.2020 "On State support of entrepreneurial activity in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation". The purpose of the study is to identify problematic aspects in the legal regulation of the public administration system of the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation, and the formation of proposals aimed at solving them, as well as the formation of a unified management system of the Arctic zone. Research methods: dialectical method of interrelation of phenomena, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, formal-legal, as well as comparative-legal and historical-legal methods. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that this issue has not previously been comprehensively studied by scientists in the field of administrative law, despite the fact that the issues of public administration of the Arctic zone have been one of the central ones for the whole of Russia for many years. Based on the results of the study, the author proposes a unified list of Arctic zone management entities forming its system, as well as specific measures to improve the Arctic zone management system by changing the powers of its individual subjects – the Public Council of the Arctic Zone, the Management Company and special commissions for the development of the Arctic and ensuring national security functioning under the authorities.
The little man in the Gogol's tradition of Dahl's story
Authors: Ogourtsova Valeriya Sergeevna
Published: June 2022

The image of a «little man» as a converging factor in the creative biographies of two contemporaries N. V. Gogol and V. I. Dahl has become the subject of study in this article. The key image for the natural school of Russian literature has its own specific qualities and characteristics, presented in the works of many authors of that time. The study is based upon the two works of the writers: «The Overcoat» by Gogol and «The Life of a Man, or a Walking along the Nevskiy Avenue» by Dahl. In the texts of both Gogol and Dahl, the «little man» receives, along with typical characteristics, special details that emphasize the mutual influence of the authors. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the most detailed study of one of the most important creative parallels of two writers. Conclusions are drawn about the distinctive features of the image of the main character typical for the 30-40s of the XIX century, reflected in the stories of two contemporary writers, the similarities between them are emphasized, as well as significant differences.
Fractional operators and their commutators on generalized Orlicz spaces
Authors: Karppinen Arttu
Published: June 2022

In this paper we examine boundedness of fractional maximal operator. The main focus is on commutators and maximal commutators on generalized Orlicz spaces (also known as Musielak-Orlicz spaces) for fractional maximal functions and Riesz potentials. We prove their boundedness between generalized Orlicz spaces and give a characterization for functions of bounded mean oscillation.
High-throughput Plasmodium falciparum hrp2 and hrp3 gene deletion typing by digital PCR to monitor malaria rapid diagnostic test efficacy
Authors: Vera-Arias Claudia A , Holzschuh Aurel , Oduma Colins O , Badu Kingsley , Abdul-Hakim Mutala , Yukich Joshua , Hetzel Manuel W , Fakih Bakar S , Ali Abdullah , Ferreira Marcelo U , Ladeia-Andrade Simone , Sáenz Fabián E , Afrane Yaw , Zemene Endalew , Yewhalaw Delenasaw , Kazura James W , Yan Guiyun , Koepfli Cristian
Published: June 2022

Most rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum malaria target the Histidine-Rich Proteins 2 and 3 (HRP2 and HRP3). Deletions of the hrp2 and hrp3 genes result in false-negative tests and are a threat for malaria control. A novel assay for molecular surveillance of hrp2/hrp3 deletions was developed based on droplet digital PCR (ddPCR). The assay quantifies hrp2, hrp3, and a control gene with very high accuracy. The theoretical limit of detection was 0.33 parasites/µl. The deletion was reliably detected in mixed infections with wild-type and hrp2-deleted parasites at a density of >100 parasites/reaction. For a side-by-side comparison with the conventional nested PCR (nPCR) assay, 248 samples were screened in triplicate by ddPCR and nPCR. No deletions were observed by ddPCR, while by nPCR hrp2 deletion was observed in 8% of samples. The ddPCR assay was applied to screen 830 samples from Kenya, Zanzibar/Tanzania, Ghana, Ethiopia, Brazil, and Ecuador. Pronounced differences in the prevalence of deletions were observed among sites, with more hrp3 than hrp2 deletions. In conclusion, the novel ddPCR assay minimizes the risk of false-negative results (i.e., hrp2 deletion observed when the sample is wild type), increases sensitivity, and greatly reduces the number of reactions that need to be run.
Stable antibiotic resistance and rapid human adaptation in livestock-associated MRSA
Authors: Matuszewska Marta , Murray Gemma GR , Ba Xiaoliang , Wood Rhiannon , Holmes Mark A , Weinert Lucy A
Published: June 2022

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs) are agents of horizontal gene transfer in bacteria, but can also be vertically inherited by daughter cells. Establishing the dynamics that led to contemporary patterns of MGEs in bacterial genomes is central to predicting the emergence and evolution of novel and resistant pathogens. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clonal-complex (CC) 398 is the dominant MRSA in European livestock and a growing cause of human infections. Previous studies have identified three categories of MGEs whose presence or absence distinguishes livestock-associated CC398 from a closely related and less antibiotic-resistant human-associated population. Here, we fully characterise the evolutionary dynamics of these MGEs using a collection of 1180 CC398 genomes, sampled from livestock and humans, over 27 years. We find that the emergence of livestock-associated CC398 coincided with the acquisition of a Tn916 transposon carrying a tetracycline resistance gene, which has been stably inherited for 57 years. This was followed by the acquisition of a type V SCCmec that carries methicillin, tetracycline, and heavy metal resistance genes, which has been maintained for 35 years, with occasional truncations and replacements with type IV SCCmec. In contrast, a class of prophages that carry a human immune evasion gene cluster and that are largely absent from livestock-associated CC398 have been repeatedly gained and lost in both human- and livestock-associated CC398. These contrasting dynamics mean that when livestock-associated MRSA is transmitted to humans, adaptation to the human host outpaces loss of antibiotic resistance. In addition, the stable inheritance of resistance-associated MGEs suggests that the impact of ongoing reductions in antibiotic and zinc oxide use in European farms on livestock-associated MRSA will be slow to be realised.
Robotic search for optimal cell culture in regenerative medicine
Authors: Kanda Genki N , Tsuzuki Taku , Terada Motoki , Sakai Noriko , Motozawa Naohiro , Masuda Tomohiro , Nishida Mitsuhiro , Watanabe Chihaya T , Higashi Tatsuki , Horiguchi Shuhei A , Kudo Taku , Kamei Motohisa , Sunagawa Genshiro A , Matsukuma Kenji , Sakurada Takeshi , Ozawa Yosuke , Takahashi Masayo , Takahashi Koichi , Natsume Tohru
Published: June 2022

Induced differentiation is one of the most experience- and skill-dependent experimental processes in regenerative medicine, and establishing optimal conditions often takes years. We developed a robotic AI system with a batch Bayesian optimization algorithm that autonomously induces the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial (iPSC-RPE) cells. From 200 million possible parameter combinations, the system performed cell culture in 143 different conditions in 111 days, resulting in 88% better iPSC-RPE production than that obtained by the pre-optimized culture in terms of the pigmentation scores. Our work demonstrates that the use of autonomous robotic AI systems drastically accelerates systematic and unbiased exploration of experimental search space, suggesting immense use in medicine and research.
Aberrant cortical development is driven by impaired cell cycle and translational control in a DDX3X syndrome model
Authors: Hoye Mariah L , Calviello Lorenzo , Poff Abigail J , Ejimogu Nna-Emeka , Newman Carly R , Montgomery Maya D , Ou Jianhong , Floor Stephen N , Silver Debra L
Published: June 2022

Mutations in the RNA helicase, DDX3X, are a leading cause of Intellectual Disability and present as DDX3X syndrome, a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with cortical malformations and autism. Yet, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which DDX3X controls cortical development are largely unknown. Here, using a mouse model of Ddx3x loss-of-function we demonstrate that DDX3X directs translational and cell cycle control of neural progenitors, which underlies precise corticogenesis. First, we show brain development is sensitive to Ddx3x dosage; complete Ddx3x loss from neural progenitors causes microcephaly in females, whereas hemizygous males and heterozygous females show reduced neurogenesis without marked microcephaly. In addition, Ddx3x loss is sexually dimorphic, as its paralog, Ddx3y, compensates for Ddx3x in the developing male neocortex. Using live imaging of progenitors, we show that DDX3X promotes neuronal generation by regulating both cell cycle duration and neurogenic divisions. Finally, we use ribosome profiling in vivo to discover the repertoire of translated transcripts in neural progenitors, including those which are DDX3X-dependent and essential for neurogenesis. Our study reveals invaluable new insights into the etiology of DDX3X syndrome, implicating dysregulated progenitor cell cycle dynamics and translation as pathogenic mechanisms.
Antibacterial potency of type VI amidase effector toxins is dependent on substrate topology and cellular context
Authors: Radkov Atanas , Sapiro Anne L , Flores Sebastian , Henderson Corey , Saunders Hayden , Kim Rachel , Massa Steven , Thompson Samuel , Mateusiak Chase , Biboy Jacob , Zhao Ziyi , Starita Lea M , Hatleberg William L , Vollmer Waldemar , Russell Alistair B , Simorre Jean-Pierre , Anthony-Cahill Spencer , Brzovic Peter , Hayes Beth , Chou Seemay
Published: June 2022

Members of the bacterialT6SSamidaseeffector (Tae) superfamily of toxins are delivered between competing bacteria to degrade cell wall peptidoglycan. Although Taes share a common substrate, they exhibit distinct antimicrobial potency across different competitor species. To investigate the molecular basis governing these differences, we quantitatively defined the functional determinants of Tae1 fromPseudomonas aeruginosaPAO1 using a combination of nuclear magnetic resonance and a high-throughput in vivo genetic approach called deep mutational scanning (DMS). As expected, combined analyses confirmed the role of critical residues near the Tae1 catalytic center. Unexpectedly, DMS revealed substantial contributions to enzymatic activity from a much larger, ring-like functional hot spot extending around the entire circumference of the enzyme. Comparative DMS across distinct growth conditions highlighted how functional contribution of different surfaces is highly context-dependent, varying alongside composition of targeted cell walls. These observations suggest that Tae1 engages with the intact cell wall network through a more distributed three-dimensional interaction interface than previously appreciated, providing an explanation for observed differences in antimicrobial potency across divergent Gram-negative competitors. Further binding studies of several Tae1 variants with their cognate immunity protein demonstrate that requirements to maintain protection from Tae activity may be a significant constraint on the mutational landscape oftae1toxicity in the wild. In total, our work reveals that Tae diversification has likely been shaped by multiple independent pressures to maintain interactions with binding partners that vary across bacterial species and conditions.
Validez de la Escala de Detección de Sexismo en Adolescentes (DSA) en Castilla-La Mancha, España
Authors:   Universidad de Alcalá, Bonilla-Algovia Enrique , Ibáñez Carrasco Marta ,   Universidad de Alcalá, Carrasco Carpio Concepción ,   Universidad de Alcalá (España)
Published: June 2022

El objetivo del estudio fue analizar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Detección de Sexismo en Adolescentes en la región de Castilla-La Mancha, España. La investigación utilizó una estrategia metodológica cuantitativa y un diseño transversal. La muestra, seleccionada mediante un muestreo bietápico en 60 centros educativos, se compuso de 1836 estudiantes de tercer y cuarto curso de educación secundaria obligatoria (50,1% mujeres y 49,9% hombres). Los resultados de los análisis factoriales exploratorios y confirmatorio reportan buenas propiedades psicométricas para una estructura de 2 dimensiones correlacionadas. Los índices de ajuste del modelo son aceptables: 2/gl = 4,17, GFI = 0,91, IFI = 0,92, TLI = 0,91, CFI = 0,92, SRMR = 0,05, RMSEA = 0,06, AIC = 1145,07. Cada dimensión se corresponde con una de las formas del sexismo ambivalente: hostil y benévolo. Los resultados muestran coeficientes de confiabilidad adecuados, tanto en el global de la escala como en sus 2 dimensiones (α > 0,80). Las correlaciones negativas entre la Escala de Detección de Sexismo en Adolescentes y la Escala de Actitudes del Alumnado hacia la Igualdad de Género confirman la validez discriminante. En consecuencia, la DSA es un instrumento válido y confiable en la población adolescente de Castilla-La Mancha.
Analysis of Behavior Under Horizontal Loads of Integral Abutment for Railways with Buffering Zones
Authors: Kim Ungjin , Kim Dae Sang
Published: June 2022

The integral abutment (IA) with buffering zones is a technology that pre-constructs backfill before abutment construction. It can reduce the maintenance cost owing to the decrease in the residual settlement of the backfill after opening. Furthermore, it can reduce the construction cost owing to the decrease in the horizontal earth pressure on the abutment. In this study, to evaluate the modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction in the passive pressure for the design of IA, a half-scale testbed was designed and constructed. A horizontal load test with the maximum load of 1,500 kN was conducted. To verify the test result, the behavior of the IA under horizontal loads was analyzed using finite element analysis. The modulus of horizontal subgrade reaction of the IA using a half-scale test and numerical analysis was estimated to be 36,706 kN/m3 and 32,746 kN/m3, respectively.
A Study on the Development of a Communication Mask to Prevent Inhalation of Harmful Gases at the Fire Investigation Site
Authors: Jang Minje , Min Sehong
Published: June 2022

Depending on the type of combustion, several harmful substances are generated in a fire scene. Most of the harmful substances generated contain toxic substances that adversely affect a fireman’s health. Thus, a fireman’s health and life are risked very frequently due to the unsafe job environment. Particularly, there are cases when firemen are called for fire investigation after the extinction of fire without wearing a respiratory protector for work convenience. Thus, without appropriate protection, they are exposed to dangerous chemical substances which is a serious problem. Hence, this study tries to understand the work problems of fire investigators through a questionnaire survey, and the performance of the equipment needed for the fire investigation process has been examined. This study aims to establish the equipment development direction for improving the functionality of the respiratory protectors and communication devices used by fire investigators.
Experimental Study on Damage Detection of Non-uniform Steel Pipe Beam Using Impedance and Natural Frequency
Authors: Lee Jong-Won
Published: June 2022

As the importance of steel pipe structures, widely used in facilities, increases, the development of health monitoring techniques is more required. This study experimentally detects damage to cantilever-type steel pipe beams with step changes their cross-section properties in the longitudinal direction. The impedance signal and acceleration were measured together for more accurate damage detection. Impedance and free vibration tests were performed for each intact and damage case, gradually increasing the damage severity to 9 steps. To analyze the impedance signal, two damage indices were used, and the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd natural frequencies were obtained using the measured acceleration. I found that the variance in the impedance damage index increased as the damage severity increased. The variation of the natural frequencies and impedance damage indices according to the damage progress were compared, and it has been found that the impedance damage indices are sensitive in early damage stages, and the change of the natural frequency is relatively large above a certain degree of damage. Therefore, if the impedance-based method and the acceleration-based method are complemented, it is supposed that more reliable damage detection of the steel pipe structure is possible.
Adequacy of the GK-2A AMI Land Surface Temperature Product According to Geographic Factors and Compared with Other Satellite Products (MODIS and S-VIRRS)
Authors: Baik Jongjin , Park Jongmin , Jun Changhyun , Lee Jinwook
Published: June 2022

In this study, we evaluated the land surface temperatures (LSTs) retrieved from the GEO-KOMPSAT-2A (GK-2A) satellite AMI sensor by comparing them to LSTs measured at 106 ground-based stations (95 ASOS and 11 AAOS stations). In addition, the statistical performance of the GK-2A AMI LST was compared with those of LSTs retrieved from the MODIS and S-VISSR satellites. LSTs were evaluated in terms of inland versus coastal regions and at different inland elevations. A time series analysis of the entire study period confirmed that the GK-2A satellite yielded the smallest bias among four satellite-based LST products. The satellite-based LSTs also exhibited higher correlations with ground-based measurements in the inland region than in the coastal region. In addition, the difference in LSTs at the highest and lowest elevations was approximately 1 ℃. A comparison of the annual mean LST and observation frequency revealed that geostationary satellite-based LSTs tend to be overestimated because of the lower observation frequency (1/3 of the polar orbit satellite frequency). Overall, the GK-2A AMI LSTs can be used to analyze the spatiotemporal variations in the urban heat island effect and heat waves at fine-scale resolutions, while further topographical correction is recommended to improve their accuracy.
Development of the Prediction Model for Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity of Soils Using Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Won Jongmuk
Published: June 2022

Saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil is critical soil properties in stability of geotechnical infrastructures. However, the development of a prediction model with high performance for saturated hydraulic conductivity is relatively challenging because of its high uncertainty. This study developed a prediction model for saturated hydraulic conductivity of 11 soils using an artificial neural network (ANN). The performance of the developed ANN model was evaluated for 10 scenarios comprising 1 to 3 hidden layers with 6 to 54 nodes. The coefficient of determination, root mean squared error, and Fr values (predictability of the developed model between 0.1 to 10 times) were used to evaluate the performance of the developed ANN model.
A Study on the Introduction of Government-based Pandemic Insurance
Authors: Son Minwoo , Byeon Jiseok , Won Jeonghun
Published: June 2022

The government has been compensating business interruption loss of small business owners caused by coronavirus through expanded fiscal policies. However, these policies are temporary and have negative effects such as inflation. Even though discussion is underway to introduce pandemic insurance as a sustainable way to recover from business interruption loss, the insurance product has not been developed. This study proposed a pandemic insurance model and confirmed its effectiveness by utilizing previous studies and surveys. A protection-type insurance model based on income and expenses similar to that of existing insurance was first proposed. The results of examining the adequacy of insurance based on other policy insurance operation cases and previous studies showed that the proposed model presented difficulty in activating insurance. Thus the modified pandemic insurance model was proposed, that combines protection-type and savings-type insurance to guarantee the amount paid and interest. Survey results found that people were more willing to sign up for the modified pandemic insurance model than for the protection-type insurance model based on income and expenses. In addition, the modified pandemic insurance model was thought to be a useful insurance model since it has various advantages such as being able to cover long-term business loss, compared to the protection-type insurance model with a similar level of government budget input.
Evaluation of Horizontal Subgrade Reaction Modulus for Integral Abutment Based on Changes in Buffering Zone Stiffness
Authors: Kim Dae Sang , Kim Ungjin
Published: June 2022

The buffering zone, which can control the stiffness of the backfill material, is applied at the integral abutment (IA) to reduce the horizontal earth pressure on the abutment and decrease the residual settlement at the transition zone. Numerical analyses are performed to evaluate the horizontal subgrade reaction modulus based on the stiffness change in the buffering zone. A 1 m section from the back of the abutment is set as the buffering zone, and materials such as sandy soil, gravel, and cement-mixed gravel are applied differently. By implementing the buffering zone, the passive and active coefficients of the horizontal subgrade reaction decrease by 28% and 31% at the height of 6.8 m. respectively. Hence, the possibility of adjusting the horizontal subgrade reaction of the IA by changing the stiffness of the buffering zone is confirmed.
Analysis on the Hazard Assessment for Steep Slopes Using the Terrestrial LiDAR and Statistical Scheme
Authors: Cha A Reum , Gang Seok Koo , Kim Tai Hoon
Published: June 2022

Disasters on steep slopes, including landslides, are typical natural disasters that occur mainly during the rainy season in Korea. To procure insufficient space, slopes have been developed rapidly since the 1970s. Recently, individual damage due to localized torrential rains caused by climate change is predominant rather than large-scale damage caused by typhoons. In Korea, there is a trend of shifting the paradigm of landslide countermeasures from recovery after damage to prediction and response before damage. However, an accurate prediction model of the mechanism of landslides has not been presented. Therefore, in this study, we tried to understand the effect of geomorphological changes on ground surface of steep slopes on the initial risk of landslides. Additionally, we checked whether they can be used for future landslide prediction and response work. The results confirmed that the planarity, which quantified geomorphological changes on the ground surface, can quickly and accurately monitor the behavior of the slope. Moreover, the results can be used as the basic data for initial landslide risk analysis. Additionally, we showed that the limitations inherent in the existing measuring equipment installed directly on the slope can be overcome. These achievements are expected to contribute to shifting the paradigm of landslide management from the current recovery-oriented to forecast-based.
Longitudinal Characterization of Vascular Inflammation and Disease Activity in Takayasu Arteritis and Giant Cell Arteritis: ASingle‐CenterProspective Study
Authors: Alessi Hugh D. , Quinn Kaitlin A. , Ahlman Mark A. , Novakovich Elaine , Saboury Babak , Luo Yiming , Grayson Peter C.
Published: June 2022

Objective

To examine and compare disease activity over time in giant cell arteritis (GCA) and Takayasu arteritis (TAK) using multimodal assessment combining clinical, laboratory, and imaging‐based testing.

Methods

Patients with GCA or TAK were enrolled into a single‐center prospective, observational cohort at any point in the disease course. Patients underwent standardized assessment, including18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) at enrollment and follow‐up visits. Each FDG‐PET finding was subjectively interpreted as active or inactive vasculitis. Global arterial FDG uptake was quantified by the PET Vascular Activity Score (PETVAS). Patients were stratified by disease duration at enrollment (0–2 years; 2–5 years; >5 years). Fisher exact and Mann‐Whitney U tests, Spearman's correlation, and linear regression were used for statistical analyses.

Results

A total of 126 patients with large vessel vasculitis (GCA = 50; TAK = 76) were evaluated across 319 visits. Clinical disease activity was present in 33% of patients in the second to fifth year of disease and in 24% of patients evaluated >5 years after diagnosis. Active vasculitis by PET was observed in 66% of patients in years 2 to 5 after diagnosis and in 50% of patients enrolled >5 years into disease. PETVASs were consistently higher in GCA than TAK in the early and later phases of disease and significantly decreased over time in GCA but not TAK. Correlations between clinical, laboratory, and imaging findings were complex and varied with disease duration.

Conclusion

Disease activity in GCA and TAK is common throughout the disease course. Patterns of vascular PET activity at diagnosis and later in disease differ between GCA and TAK.
High‐Performance and High‐Stability all‐Polymer Photomultiplication‐Type Organic Photodiode Using an NDI‐Based Polymer Acceptor with Precisely Controlled Backbone Planarity
Authors: Lee Sangjun , Lee Gyeong Seok , Kang Mingyun , Ha Yeon Hee , Kim Yun‐Hi , Chung Dae Sung
Published: June 2022

It is shown that the performance and the operational stability of an all‐polymer photomultiplication‐type organic photodiode (PM‐OPD) can be significantly enhanced by realizing near‐ideal spatial isolation of polymer acceptor via a synthetic approach. A series of new naphthalenediimide‐based D–A polymer acceptors, PNDI–Ph, PNDI–Tol, and PNDI–Xy, with different degrees of backbone planarity are synthesized. By introducing benzene, toluene, and p–xylene as the donor units, increasing intramolecular torsional angle is expected. Thus, 2D grazing‐incidence X‐ray diffraction reveals the highest paracrystalline disorder in the PNDI–Xy thin film. Furthermore, PNDI–Xy has the lowest surface energy resulting in the smallest surface energy difference with matrix donor polymer, poly(3‐hexylthiophene‐diyl) (P3HT). When combined with P3HT, the less aggregated and low surface energy nature of PNDI–Xy results in near‐ideal spatial isolation. Consequently, the all‐polymer PM‐OPD yielded a high external quantum efficiency of 770 000% with specific detectivity of 3.06 × 1013 Jones. The physics behind the success of PNDI–Xy in PM‐OPD is discussed in conjunction with temperature‐dependent current density‐voltage analyses and drift‐diffusion simulations. Furthermore, the use of polymer acceptor enables the resulting PM‐OPD to retain its performance for 24 h, with significantly improved operational stability.