bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influences on contraceptive method choice among adolescent women across urban centers in Nigeria: a qualitative study
Authors: Sanchez Elynn Kann , McGuire Courtney , Calhoun Lisa M. , Hainsworth Gwyn , Speizer Ilene S.
Published: February 2021

Background

Despite calls to increase contraceptive use among adolescents and youth, large gaps still exist, creating an unmet need for family planning. Past research has focused on barriers to seeking a method. There is less understanding of the types of methods young women want and who and what influences these decisions. This study examines what method characteristics young Nigerian women prioritize when choosing a method to inform future family planning programming.

Methods

In 2018, eight focus group discussions (FGD) were conducted in the Nigerian cities of Ilorin and Jos with 83 young women ages 15–24. Participants were identified by community contacts and separated into groups by religion and marital status. The discussion guide utilized a vignette structure to understand the participants’ perceptions on contraceptive behavior and attitudes and misconceptions surrounding different types of methods. The FGDs were undertaken and analyzed by collaborative teams from the University of Ibadan and the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill. A thematic analysis of the transcripts was performed using Atlas.ti, including two rounds of coding, and multiple reviews by the research team.

Results

The method characteristics associated with young women’s contraceptive decisions include: side effects, reliability, length of coverage, privacy, cost, and accessibility. Side effects, reliability, and privacy were described as negatively linked to short-acting methods whereas easy accessibility and low cost were positive characteristics of these methods. Long-acting methods were generally viewed as positive. Participants’ focus on side effects commonly resulted from concerns about the impact on future fertility. The characteristics prioritized by individuals change throughout their adolescence and as their marital status changes. Providers, peers, parents, and partners were all found to have an influence over method choice in different ways. The role of these influencers also changes over the adolescent years.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates that programs should prioritize expanding method choice to increase the number of available options to ensure all young women can access a method that fits their desired method characteristics. Programming should ensure that medically accurate information is widely distributed to harness providers, peers, parents and partners as a resource for information about specific methods.
Is the awakening produced by benzodiazepines due to excitatory actions of GABA?
Authors: Ben-Ari Yehezkel
Published: February 2021

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) such as Zolpidem can produce a temporary revival of patients who have been akinetic and apathic for years. The mechanisms underlying this “awakening” reaction are suggested globally to be related to an activation of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory systems. However, brain trauma or cerebro-vascular infarcts, like many other pathological insults, are associated with a shift of the polarity of GABA from inhibition to excitation consequently to an increase of intracellular chloride concentration ([Cl−]i) levels. Experimental and clinical observations suggest that BZDs generate paradoxical reactions in these conditions, hence the transient “awakening”. The NKCC1 (Na-K-2Cl co-transporter isoform 1) chloride importer antagonist Bumetanide restores low [Cl−]i levels and an efficient inhibitory drive. It is therefore suggested that the administration of Bumetanide might provide a persistent “awakening” by shifting GABAergic actions from excitation to inhibition and attenuating the mechanism underlying the apathic/akinetic state.
Efficient inversion of 2.5D electrical resistivity data using the discrete adjoint method
Authors: Domenzain Diego , Bradford John , Mead Jodi
Published: February 2021

We have developed a memory and operation-count efficient 2.5D inversion algorithm of electrical resistivity (ER) data that can handle fine discretization domains imposed by other geophysical (e.g, ground penetrating radar or seismic) data. Due to numerical stability criteria and available computational memory, joint inversion of different types of geophysical data can impose different grid discretization constraints on the model parameters. Our algorithm enables the ER data sensitivities to be directly joined with other geophysical data without the need of interpolating or coarsening the discretization. We have used the adjoint method directly in the discretized Maxwell’s steady state equation to compute the data sensitivity to the conductivity. In doing so, we make no finite-difference approximation on the Jacobian of the data and avoid the need to store large and dense matrices. Rather, we exploit matrix-vector multiplication of sparse matrices and find successful convergence using gradient descent for our inversion routine without having to resort to the Hessian of the objective function. By assuming a 2.5D subsurface, we are able to linearly reduce memory requirements when compared to a 3D gradient descent inversion, and by a power of two when compared to storing a 2D Hessian. Moreover, our method linearly outperforms operation counts when compared with 3D Gauss-Newton conjugate-gradient schemes, which scales cubically in our favor with respect to the thickness of the 3D domain. We physically appraise the domain of the recovered conductivity using a cutoff of the electric current density present in our survey. We evaluate two case studies to assess the validity of our algorithm. First, on a 2.5D synthetic example, and then on field data acquired in a controlled alluvial aquifer, where we were able to match the recovered conductivity to borehole observations.
Temperature, differential pressure, and porosity inversion for ultradeep carbonate reservoirs based on 3D rock-physics templates
Authors: Wei Yijun , Ba Jing , Carcione José M. , Fu Li-Yun , Pang Mengqiang , Qi Hui
Published: February 2021

Ultradeep carbonate reservoirs have high temperatures and pressures, complex pressure/tectonic stress settings, and complex pore structures. These conditions make their seismic detection and characterization difficult, particularly if the signal-to-noise ratio is low, as is the case in most situations. Moreover, the high risk of deep-drilling exploration makes it impractical to carry out normal logging operations. We have developed a temperature-differential pressure-porosity (TPP) rock-physics model based on the Biot-Rayleigh poroelasticity theory to describe the wave response of the reservoir. A preliminary analysis indicates that temperature, pressure, and porosity are well correlated with wave velocity and attenuation. On the basis of this theory, we have built 3D rock-physics templates that account for the effects of TPP on the P-wave impedance, [Formula: see text] ratio, and attenuation. The templates are calibrated with laboratory, well-log, and seismic data of the S area (Shuntuoguole uplift, Tarim Basin, Xinjiang, China). Then, the template is used to obtain the properties of the reservoir at seismic frequencies. The predicted results are consistent with the field reports (high temperature, low differential pressure, and high porosity) indicating high production rates. The methodology will be useful for hydrocarbon exploration in ultradeep carbonate reservoirs.
Avoiding being stung or bitten – prey capture behaviors of the ant-eating Texas horned lizard (Phrynosoma cornutum)
Authors: Fertschai Ismene , Sherbrooke Wade C. , Ott Matthias , Chagnaud Boris P.
Published: February 2021

Horned lizards (Phrynosoma) are specialized predators, including many species that primarily feed on seed harvester ants (Pogonomyrmex). Harvester ants have strong mandibles to husk seeds or defensively bite, and a venomous sting. Texas horned lizards possess a blood plasma factor that neutralizes harvester ant venom and produce copious mucus in the pharynx and esophagus, thus embedding and incapacitating swallowed ants. We used high-speed video recordings to investigate complexities of their lingual prey capture and handling behavior. Lizards primarily strike ants at their mesosoma (thorax plus propodeum of abdomen). They avoid the head and gaster, even if closer to the lizard, and if prey directional movement is reversed. Orientation of captured ants during retraction is with head first (rostral), thus providing initial mucus coating of the mandibles. Prey capture accuracy and precise handling illustrates the specificity of adaptations of horned lizards in avoiding harm, and the challenges lizards face when feeding on dangerous prey.
Openness in Öffentlichen Bibliotheken – beschleunigt durch Erfahrungen in der Pandemie?
Authors: Grahl Tina , Wünsche Stephan
Published: February 2021

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COVID-19: state population coverage by mask orders in the US
Authors: Jacobs Philip , Ohinmaa Arvi
Published: February 2021

Background: A variety of government bodies in the US - cities and tribal councils, counties, and states - have issued mask-wearing orders to prevent the spread of COVID-19.

Methods: We measured the duration of these orders and the populations covered by them in each of the governed areas. We measured the in effect days from April 3, 2020 (the date of the first mask order) to November 30, 2020; the duration of the measured period amounts to 241 days. We used data generated from local and state governments, and news organizations to measure the enactment dates and the duration of the orders; and from the US Census Bureau (dated 2019) to measure municipal, county, and state populations.

Results: The average coverage over all states was 57.7% of the maximum person days of coverage. States which issued statewide orders from their governors had a total of 67.1% coverage; this includes coverage from regional government orders prior to the statewide orders. States with orders only from municipal or county councils had on average 27.1% coverage.

Conclusion: Overall, state governments took leadership in the implementation of mask orders.
Using a needle versus cannula: the advantages and disadvantages
Authors: Kisyova Miss Rumi , Karkhi Alex , Lalemi Christopher
Published: February 2021

With the continuing increase in both men and women seeking out anti-ageing non-invasive cosmetic treatments, techniques and complication management associated with dermal filler and neurotoxin application procedures are more important than ever. Rumi Kisyova et al detail the advantages and disadvantages of using a cannula or needle for such procedures
Enhancing Reading Comprehension in First Graders: The Effects of Two Training Programs Provided in Listening or Written Modality
Authors: Capodieci Agnese , Zamperlin Claudia , Friso Gianna , Carretti Barbara
Published: February 2021

It has been well documented that oral language skills are precursors of the development of written abilities, meaning that improving oral language skills, e.g. vocabulary, listening comprehension, could have positive effects reading comprehension. The main aim of the present study was to analyze the effect of a training program focused on four components of comprehension ability provided in listening or written modality on first-graders’ reading and listening comprehension. The training programs were implemented by school teachers as part of the class’s normal school activities, under the supervision of experts. Their efficacy was compared with the results obtained in a passive control group. Our results showed that both the training programs produced positive effects on listening and reading comprehension (by comparison with a passive control group), and that the gains in reading comprehension were maintained at a five-month follow-up. Findings demonstrated specific improvements in listening comprehension with the listening modality program, as well as an improvement in the modality not directly trained. A similar cross-modality effect was found from the written modality training group, therefore confirming the strict relation between oral and written abilities. Reading comprehension performance of first graders can be improved with activities provided in listening and written modality. Hence, it is possible to enhance reading comprehension even before decoding and fluency in reading are acquired.
Smart Attendance Monitoring System with Computer Vision Using IOT
Authors: Raj Ashwin , Raj Aparna , Ahmad Imteyaz
Published: February 2021

The main aim of this project is to create a smart attendance monitoring system which will use the concept of face recognition to identify students. On the basis of this a database will be created containing the information of attendance date wise. Apart from reducing time it will also help in replacing the laborious conventional method of using logbooks. The system also has the feature to send emails to the administrator about the student ‘s attendance status at the time of recognition itself. At the time of closing of the camera absentees’ names will be called out.
LA COSMOVISIÓN FEMINISTA COMO ANTÍDOTO DE LA ACTIVIDAD PUNITIVA Y REPRESIVA ESTATAL
Authors: Camps Clara
Published: February 2021

La crisis económica y social que se manifestaba en 2009 en el Estado Español y la Europa Sur se acabaría convirtiendo en una crisis política y territorial muy profunda que ha dado lugar a un ciclo de conflictividad social que se ha manifestado de forma muy clara en Catalunya. También ha sido en estos mismos años cuando el movimiento feminista ha emergido con fuerza, y ha extendido una nueva cosmovisión política. Ante los anhelos emancipadores y democratizadores que han ido manifestando diversos movimientos sociales (15M, movimientos sociales contra la austeridad, movimientos a favor de la vivienda digna, el feminismo, el movimiento por la autodeterminación, etc.), durante estos años, el Estado ha puesto en marcha su maquinaria represiva. Diversas luchas y estrategias antirrepresivas que reflejan ideas y prácticas del movimiento feminista han sido la respuesta a la actividad punitiva del Estado. Con todo, la misma cosmovisión feminista nos deja abierta la posibilidad de repensar la actividad represiva del Estado en clave de género y de plantear una nueva cultura antirrepresiva.
Anexo 3. Webgrafía. Cronología informativa sobre la pandemia COVID en España (antecedentes)
Authors: Garcia Soler Guillem
Published: February 2021

Enlaces vía web a los ítems informativos / medios citados en el artículo.
Movimientos de mujeres en Chile y el camino hacia una constitución feminista
Authors: Rojas Vilches Natalie
Published: February 2021

Las reivindicaciones feministas han marcado la agenda política de todos los países en donde estas se han llevado a cabo. Este artículo muestra el camino que ha recorrido el movimiento feminista chileno para lograr que el actual proceso constituyente sea paritario y que su participación tenga como resultado una constitución política que consagre derechos humanos que competen a las mujeres, haciendo una descripción del proceso de feministización que atraviesan los movimientos sociales en Chile al incorporar el feminismo como elemento constitutivo y no como demanda extra. Se concluye que, presionando a través de la movilización, el movimiento feminista chileno logrará su objetivo de dar cuerpo a una constitución feminista.
Derecho Internacional, Nudos y Desafíos. Implicancia para el ejercicio de los derechos territoriales del Pueblo Mapuche
Authors: Yáñez Fuenzalida Nancy Adriana
Published: February 2021

En el presente artículo analizaremos la aplicación de los estándares internacionales sobre derechos territoriales de los pueblos indígenas, respecto a la situación del Pueblo Mapuche en Chile. En la primera parte, reseñamos los estándares internacionales y la evolución que han experimentado en el desarrollo jurisprudencial interamericano. De igual forma, referimos a los pronunciamientos de diversos órganos internacionales de protección de derechos humanos en relación al cumplimiento de las obligaciones internacionales asumidas por el Estado de Chile en estas materias. En la segunda sección, analizamos el marco normativo chileno y verificamos si se ajusta a los estándares internacionales. Posteriormente, identificamos las brechas de la política pública respecto al reconocimiento y restitución de las tierras reivindicadas por el Pueblo Mapuche, y examinamos la estrategia de criminalización impulsada por el Estado contra los líderes mapuche como respuesta a sus demandas territoriales, hecho que ha motivado la condena internacional por incumplimiento de sus obligaciones contraídas respecto a un grupo de miembros del Pueblo Mapuche liderados por dos autoridades tradicionales, los lonkos Aniceto Norin Catriman y Pascual Pichun (fallecido). El artículo concluye con un acápite cuarto donde abordamos los desafíos del derecho internacional en relación al cumplimiento en el derecho interno de las sentencias de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos, referido al caso Norin Catriman y otros vs. Estado de Chile.
Fast OCT image enhancement method based on the sigmoid-energy conservation equation
Authors: Lou Shiliang , Chen Xiaodong , Liu Jing , Shi Yu , Qu Hui , Wang Yi , Cai Huaiyu
Published: February 2021

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an important medical diagnosis technology, but OCT images are inevitably interfered by speckle noise and other factors, which greatly reduce the quality of the OCT image. In order to improve the quality of the OCT image quickly, a fast OCT image enhancement method is proposed based on the fusion equation. The proposed method consists of three parts: edge detection, noise suppression, and image fusion. In this paper, the improved wave algorithm is used to detect the image edge and its fine features, and the averaging uncorrelated images method is used to suppress speckle noise and improve image contrast. In order to sharpen image edges while suppressing the speckle noise, a sigmoid-energy conservation equation (SE equation) is designed to fuse the edge detection image and the noise suppression image. The proposed method was tested on two publicly available datasets. Results show that the proposed method can effectively improve image contrast and sharpen image edges while suppressing the speckle noise. Compared with other state-of-the-art methods, the proposed method has better image enhancement effect and speed. Under the same or better enhancement effect, the processing speed of the proposed method is 2 ∼ 34 times faster than other methods.
Generalized 2-step phase-shifting algorithm for fringe projection
Authors: Yin Zhuoyi , Du Yifang , She Peiyun , He Xiaoyuan , Yang Fujun
Published: February 2021

Fringe projection profilometry using the phase-shifting technique enables high-precision, high-speed and flexible measurements. Among them, the two-step phase-shifting method has become an important approach to coordinate the accuracy and measurement speed; methods especially based on the amount of phase-shift of π/2, π or 3π/2 can improve time efficiency by reducing steps in unique way. In this paper, a phase iterative technique is proposed and established for two-step phase-shifting with arbitrary phase shift. The general mathematical scheme and parameters linear and nonlinear optimization of the proposed method are described in detail. The simulational and experimental results show that the proposed technique is an effective and precise phase detection method for two-step phase-shifting profilometry.
Wavelength dependence of the Verdet constant in synthetic quartz glass for deep-ultraviolet light sources
Authors: Tamaru Yuki , Chen Hengjun , Fuchimukai Atsushi , Uehara Hiyori , Miura Taisuke , Yasuhara Ryo
Published: February 2021

Deep-ultraviolet (DUV) light sources are critical owing to their high photon energies and small diffraction limits, and synthetic quartz glass (SQ) is suitable for the Faraday rotators of DUV light. The Verdet constant in SQ was evaluated within the wavelength range of 190–300 nm. In addition to a high Verdet constant over the DUV region, this material exhibits a high transmittance without transitional absorption bands. The Verdet constants were found to be 70.1 rad/(T·m) at 193 nm, which is the shortest observed wavelength for silica glass. SQ glass has excellent structural properties; thus, it is suitable as a DUV Faraday rotator for high-average-power optical isolators.
High-energy, narrow-linewidth, flat-top temporal profile nanosecond-pulses from ytterbium-doped tapered fiber amplifier with chirped-diode seeding
Authors: Scol Florent , Bouwmans Geraud , Hugonnot Emmanuel
Published: February 2021

We present a narrow-bandwidth (167 pm) few-nanosecond fiber laser based on tapered fiber amplification and phase modulation to mitigate stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). We compare the use of chirped diode seeding and standard sinusoidal phase modulation. Below SBS appearance threshold, output temporal profiles can be accurately tailored. Typical results for flat-top profiles include 170 kW peak-power (for 3 ns duration) and 1.25 mJ pulse energy (for 10 ns duration).
A Vállalatgazdaságtani Tanszék – a Gazdálkodástani Intézet 25 éve (1987–2012)
Authors: János Czabán
Published: February 2021

A Vezetéstudomány e célszámában a Miskolci Egyetem Vállalatgazdaságtani Tanszékének - Gazdálkodástani Intézetének alapító vezetője nyújt betekintést az ott folyó széles körű oktatási és kutatási munkába. A negyedszázadot felölelő történeti összeállítás áttekintést ad arról a sokoldalú oktatási tevékenységről, amelyet a tanszék, majd intézet oktatói a graduális és posztgraduális szakok, a posztszekunderi, valamint a doktoranduszképzés keretében látnak el. Az összeállításban a szerző felvázolja a tananyagfejlesztő, diszciplináris, valamint az alap- és alkalmazott kutatások témaköreit, az elért eredmények hasznosítási területeit, a szervezetfejlesztésben bekövetkezett változásokat. Ismerteti a tanszék-intézet szerteágazó hazai és nemzetközi kapcsolatait, végül utal az oktatói, kutatói munkában a személyi feltételek megbatározó szerepére.
Fogyasztóvédelmi intézményrendszerek és lakossági megítélésük Európában
Authors: Csiszár Csilla Margit
Published: February 2021

A tanulmány a fogyasztóvédelem témakörének egy kevésbé kutatott területével, a fogyasztóvédelmi intézményrendszerek feltérképezésével, lakossági megítélésével foglalkozik. Magyarország, az Egyesült Királyság és Németország fogyasztóvédelmi intézményrendszerének bemutatásán keresztül ismerteti az Európában jellemző három intézményi struktúratípust. Bemutatja az állami fogyasztóvédelmi támogatások gyakorlatát. Európai viszonylatban elemzi a működő intézményrendszerek lakossági megítélését, kapcsolatot feltételezve az egyes uniós országokban fogyasztóvédelemre fordított állami támogatási összegek nagysága, valamint a fogyasztóvédelmi intézményekbe vetett bizalom és a működésükkel kapcsolatos elégedettség szintje között.
The Future of Our Seas: Marine scientists and creative professionals collaborate for science communication
Authors: De Clippele Laurence , Michelotti Madlaina , Findlay Charlotte R. , Cartwright Amy , Fang Qing , Wheatley Charlie , Sladen Ashleigh , Scott-Somme Kes , Harding Harry R. , Jackson Juliette , Hepburn Laura E. , Giannotti Jessica , Carroll Grace , Heidtke Nicole , Worrall Alison M. , De Meyer Kris
Published: February 2021

To increase awareness of the current challenges facing the marine environment, the Future of Our Seas (FOOS) project brought together the expertise of scientists, public engagement experts and creatives to train and support a group of marine scientists in effective science communication and innovative public engagement. This case study aims to inspire scientists and artists to use the FOOS approach in training, activity design and development support (hereafter called the ‘FOOS programme’) to collaboratively deliver novel and creative engagement activities. The authors reflect on the experiences of the marine scientists: (1) attending the FOOS communication and engagement training; (2) creating and delivering public engagement activities; (3) understanding our audience; and (4) collaborating with artists. The authors also share what the artists and audiences learned from participating in the FOOS public engagement activities. These different perspectives provide new insights for the field with respect to designing collaborative training which maximizes the impact of the training on participants, creative collaborators and the public. Long-term benefits of taking part in the FOOS programme, such as initiating future collaborative engagement activities and positively impacting the scientists’ research processes, are also highlighted.
Programas profissionais de pós-graduação: História, objetivos e tendências
Authors: Tavares Philippe Drumond Vilas Boas , Mari Cezar Luiz De , Bianchetti Lucídio
Published: February 2021

No presente artigo, abordamos o Programa de Pós- Graduação (PG) Profissional, trazendo alguns elementos de história, as tendências e os desafios para sua implementação, com foco no Mestrado Profissional (MP). Objetivamos demonstrar que essa modalidade de Pós- Graduação, uma vez que inclui tanto a PG acadêmica quanto o treinamento em serviço, atendeu a uma série de demandas que eram endereçadas a esse nível de ensino, em especial, a PG lato sensu. Trata-se de um estudo documental, com base na literatura produzida desde 1996, que discute os regulamentos e aspectos da implementação da PG no âmbito da CAPES, do INEP, MCTI e CNPq. Os dados da pesquisa foram analisados sob uma perspectiva crítica, por meio da triangulação de dados, com o objetivo de explicar o significado da PG profissional. No escopo dos programas de pós-graduação, dependendo de suas políticas de financiamento, essa nova modalidade assemelha-se à PG acadêmica, com perspectiva de vir a superá-la.
La Terapia de Aceptación y Compromiso como herramienta para optimizar las intervenciones potenciadoras del envejecimiento activo.
Authors: María Márquez-González , Virginia Fernández-Fernández , Rosa Romero-Moreno , Andrés Losada
Published: February 2021

En el presente trabajo se plantea una reflexión en torno a la gran consistencia y potencial complementariedad existente entre la perspectiva de la intervención clínica, especialmente la cada vez más popular terapia de aceptación y compromiso (ACT), y los modelos teóricos en los que se ha sustentado la perspectiva del envejecimiento activo (perspectiva del ciclo vital). Se propone que la terapia ACT puede contribuir a la optimización del repertorio de herramientas y estrategias para potenciar el envejecimiento con éxito. Se revisan brevemente los modelos de desarrollo a lo largo del ciclo vital, haciendo énfasis en cómo éstos se articulan en torno a los constructos “meta” y “acción” y subrayan el papel de los procesos de autorregulación y ajuste flexible de metas en la adaptación a lo largo del ciclo vital. Finalmente, se describe brevemente una propuesta concreta de intervención basada en la terapia ACT actualmente en desarrollo, dirigida a personas que cuidan de familiares mayores con demencia.
The 'go digital' Bristol experience
Authors: Visintini Gloria
Published: February 2021

This article describes the move to digital teaching and learning for the
language team in the School of Modern Languages (SML) at the University of
Bristol as a consequence of COVID-19 in March 2020. Topics discussed here
include the educational guidelines the university put in place; how these
were followed and implemented by colleagues in Modern Languages; the new
digital teaching and assessment practices; how decisions were reached across
languages; technologies that people used and the support available;
challenges in delivering teaching; and, lastly, the opportunities created
for staff and students. In describing our practice during the pandemic, I
will also offer my personal take and observations as the person responsible
for digital education in the Arts Faculty who assisted the language team in
this transition. I will reflect on how this pandemic has accelerated our
digital education agenda and how having a background in language teaching
has helped and informed some of the – sometimes difficult – conversations I
had with my language colleagues during these fast-moving and uncertain
times. The article will end with a brief description of some of our
remaining challenges and lessons learnt while the university has announced
that next academic year will be delivered largely digitally. The work done
so far will inform our planning.
Katolicka doktryna o sposobie obecności Chrystusa w postaciach eucharystycznych wyrażona w mszale dla byłych anglikanów
Authors: Beyga Paweł
Published: February 2021

The ecumenical dialogue between the Catholic Church and the Anglican Communion is one of the most important and difficult part of activity of both communities. Eucharist is the main goal of ecumenism because in the common celebrating of the sacred liturgy the Christ’s Church is a visible sign of the unity for the world. One of the most important theological problems in the dialogue is the problem of transsubstantiation. For the Anglican Church this Catholic doctrine is against the biblical and rudimental teaching of primitive Christendom. The article shows the problem of trans- substantiation in the ecumenical perspective and in the context of Divine Worship: The Missal. The Catholic Eucharistic teaching is present in this new Western liturgical book, but the term of trans- substantiation does not exist there.
Comparison of a standardized four-point bending test to an implant system test of an osteosynthetic system under static and dynamic load condition
Authors: Halbauer Christian , Schorler Hendrik , Liberto Laura , Capanni Felix
Published: February 2021

Current test standards of osteosynthetic implants examine the bone plate and screw separately leading to unrealistic load scenarios and unknown performance of the system as a whole, which prevents the identification of characteristic failures in clinical use. A standardized static and dynamic four-point bending test (ASTM F382) was performed on a bone plate. Based on that standard, an advanced implant system test (IST) was designed and performed to test a mechanical construct consisting of a bone plate, screws and an artificial bone substitute out of Polyoxymethylene (POM). The test object was an osteosynthetic system to treat fractured ulna bones. Both results of the conventional and advanced test method were analyzed and compared to one another. The static results show a similar yield point (YP) relative to the bending moment with just 9% difference. Dynamic results show a bi-phasic behavior of the displacement vs. cycle data for the IST. The secondary phase can be defined as a constantly increasing plastic deflection or ratcheting effect quantified by its slope in mm per one million cycles, leading to a 10 times higher slope for the IST than the conventional test. The IST has a high impact on the test results and the resultant interpretation of the mechanical behavior of the osteosynthetic system. A constantly increasing plastic deflection might lead to fatigue failures and to a loss of the mechanical durability. The development of new standardizations referring to the whole system within reasonable boundary conditions of individual biomechanical applications is crucial for high quality mechanical analysis.
Quality evaluation of smartphone applications for laboratory medicine
Authors: Jovičić Snežana , Siodmiak Joanna , Watson Ian D.
Published: February 2021

Background

Many of the mobile applications (apps) used for delivering health interventions involve laboratory medicine data. This survey was conducted to search the online market for health apps that manage laboratory medicine data. The aim was to review them and perform a quality evaluation.

Methods

Apps search criteria were “Lab results blood work”, “Lab results”, and “Health apps”. After the stepwise exclusion process, 52 selected apps were downloaded and analyzed. For review and content analysis of the apps, a multidimensional tool for classifying and rating the quality of mobile health apps – Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS), was used.

Results

Selected apps were classified into five categories according to their intended use by patients or physicians, and the type of data engaged. Spearman’s correlation analysis found significant correlations between MARS individual scoring items, as with the subjective quality and number of technical aspects. Kruskal-Wallis analysis showed a significant difference in the number of technical aspects employed, MARS engagement and informational quality score items, total score, and subjective quality. The lowest values for all of these items were in the category of apps designed for patients, and the post hoc test showed that the difference was statistically significant between this and the values in all other categories.

Conclusions

Apps designed for patients, are of the poorest quality, considering the total quality of the content and information they provide, estimated using the MARS tool. This estimation needs to be validated for laboratory medicine apps, and eventually modified after consideration of specific quality benchmarks.
Contingency learning and perfective morpheme productivity in L2 Italian: A study on lexeme–morpheme associations with ΔP
Authors: Rastelli Stefano
Published: February 2021

This study utilized unidirectional association score ΔPto track perfective morpheme productivity in longitudinal spoken L2 Italian data. Research questions concerned whether early L2 perfectives were contingent upon telicity of predicates, whether lexeme–morpheme association changed as proficiency increased, and whether distribution of perfectives in the L1 input affected the patterns of morpheme emergence. Results showed that (i) the productive use of the perfective was contingent upon a few, infrequent telic predicates but also upon some actionally underspecified, very frequent general-purpose ones; (ii) a generalized decrease in association scores over time accompanied the productivity of the perfective morpheme; (iii) distribution of perfectives in L2 data did not reflect distribution in the L1 input. The statistical analysis adopted in this study is replicable to other domains where contingency of stem-affix alternations may provide cues for observing the developing L2 grammar
Effect of interaction between two single-particle-impingements on the repassivation behavior of 304 stainless steel in a simulated groundwater
Authors: Feng Xingguo , Zhao Yang , Lu Xiangyu , Fattahpour Vahidoddin , Roostaei Morteza , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Zeng Hongbo , Luo Jing-Li
Published: February 2021

To investigate the effect of interaction between two single-Si3N4 particle-impingements on the repassivation of 304 stainless steel in a simulated groundwater, the corrosion current peaks of the samples during the impingement were recorded, and the micro-hardness of the substrate around the crater was tested. The results indicated that significant interactions between the two impingements were observed only when the value of distance-diameter ratio (L/d) was less than 1.5. With L/d being less than 1.5, the corrosion current peaks and mass losses due to the second impingements were higher than those of the first ones, and the re-passivation rates of samples during the second impingements were lower than those of the first impingements. Simultaneously, the microhardness of the substrate between the two craters was higher than that of the surface around one single crater with the same distance-diameter ratio. The mechanisms of how the L/d ratio influenced the interaction between the two impingements are also discussed.
Monoamniotic twins pregnancy complicated by a fetal congenital heart defect – a challenge for perinatal decisions
Authors: Pasieczna Monika , Kuran-Ohde Joanna , Kajdy Anna , Filipecka-Tyczka Dagmara , Świątek Natalia , Szymkiewicz-Dangel Joanna
Published: February 2021

Objectives

To analyze pregnancy management and postnatal follow-up in monochorionic monoamniotic (MCMA) pregnancies complicated by a congenital heart defect (CHD) in one twin and to compare the results with current recommendations concerning time and mode of delivery in MCMA pregnancies.

Cases presentation

Perinatal medical records of five pairs of monoamniotic twins referred to Fetal Cardiology Department were analyzed. 5 out of 23 MCMA pregnancies (21.7%) were complicated by CHD in one fetus. Cesarean section (CS) was performed between 32 and 35 weeks of gestation (WoG). 9 out of 10 neonates had respiratory failure, including all patients with CHD. Twins without congenital abnormalities spent median 21 days (range 10–40 days) in neonatal units. Patients with CHD were transferred to cardiology departments on average 6th day of life. All were operated on later than term-born neonates, 4 out of 5 required stage surgery and their median stay in the hospital was 75 days (range 48–106 days).

Conclusions

According to current recommendations, delivery in MCMA pregnancies should be scheduled at 32–34 weeks. In cases complicated by CHD in one twin, such early delivery complicates surgical treatment and may affect the final outcome. Low body weight and respiratory disorders increase the risk of complications in the perioperative period and prolong hospitalization.
Diagnostic error as a result of drug-laboratory test interactions
Authors: van Balveren Jasmijn A. , Verboeket-van de Venne Wilhelmine P.H.G. , Erdem-Eraslan Lale , de Graaf Albert J. , Loot Annemarieke E. , Musson Ruben E.A. , Oosterhuis Wytze P. , Schuijt Martin P. , van der Sijs Heleen , Verheul Rolf J. , de Wolf Holger K. , Kusters Ron , Hoedemakers Rein M.J.
Published: February 2021

Background

Knowledge of possible drug-laboratory test interactions (DLTIs) is important for the interpretation of laboratory test results. Test results may be affected by physiological or analytical drug effects. Failure to recognize these interactions may lead to misinterpretation of test results, a delayed or erroneous diagnosis or unnecessary extra tests or therapy, which may harm patients.

Content

Thousands of interactions have been reported in the literature, but are often fragmentarily described and some papers even reported contradictory findings. How can healthcare professionals become aware of all these possible interactions in their individual patients? DLTI decision support applications could be a good solution. In a literature search, only four relevant studies have been found on DLTI decision support applications in clinical practice. These studies show a potential benefit of automated DLTI messages to physicians for the interpretation of laboratory test results. All physicians reported that part of the DLTI messages were useful. In one study, 74% of physicians even sometimes refrained from further additional examination.

Summary and outlook

Unrecognized DLTIs potentially cause diagnostic errors in a large number of patients. Therefore, efforts to avoid these errors, for example with a DLTI decision support application, could tremendously improve patient outcome.
Growth behavior of wood-destroying fungi in chemically modified wood: wood degradation and translocation of nitrogen compounds
Authors: Emmerich Lukas , Bleckmann Maja , Strohbusch Sarah , Brischke Christian , Bollmus Susanne , Militz Holger
Published: February 2021

Chemical wood modification has been used to modify wood and improve its decay resistance. However, the mode of protective action is still not fully understood. Occasionally, outdoor products made from chemically modified timber (CMT) show internal decay while their outer shell remains intact. Hence, it was hypothesized that wood decay fungi may grow through CMT without losing their capability to degrade non-modified wood. This study aimed at developing a laboratory test set-up to investigate (1) whether decay fungi grow through CMT and (2) retain their ability to degrade non-modified wood. Acetylated and 1,3-dimethylol-4,5-dihydroxyethyleneurea (DMDHEU) treated wood were used in decay tests with modified ‘mantle specimens’ and untreated ‘core dowels’. It became evident that white rot (Trametes versicolor), brown rot (Coniophora puteana) and soft rot fungi can grow through CMT without losing their ability to degrade untreated wood. Consequently, full volume impregnation of wood with the modifying agent is required to achieve complete protection of wooden products. In decay tests with DMDHEU treated specimens, significant amounts of apparently non-fixated DMDHEU were translocated from modified mantle specimens to untreated wood cores. A diffusion-driven transport of nitrogen and DMDHEU seemed to be responsible for mass translocation during decay testing.
Understanding the effects of (dis)similarity in affiliative and aggressive humor styles between supervisor and subordinate on LMX and energy
Authors: Tremblay Michel
Published: February 2021

Prior studies on humor have primarily focused on the effects of either leader or subordinate humor styles and thus have neglected the influence of (dis)similarity in humor styles between supervisor and subordinate. We draw on the similarity-attraction perspective to suggest that (dis)similarity in supervisor’s and subordinate’s affiliative and aggressive humor influences workplace energy via the leader-member exchange (LMX). Results show that LMX is higher when leader and subordinate both display high-affiliative and low-aggressive humor behaviors. Furthermore, LMX is higher when a low-affiliative humor subordinate is paired with a high-affiliative humor leader and when a high-aggressive humor subordinate is paired with a low-aggressive humor leader. Our findings reveal that LMX mediated the relationship between (dis)similarity in humor styles and employee energy. Taken together, our results contribute to the understanding of the effects of similarity and dissimilarity in humor behaviors in energic relational processes.
Numerical study on gas–liquid two-phase flow and mass transfer in a microchannel
Authors: Zunlong Jin , Yonghao Liu , Rui Dong , Dingbiao Wang , Xiaotang Chen
Published: February 2021

A numerical study of the gas–liquid two-phase flow and mass transfer in a square microchannel with a T-junction is carried out in this work. Through numerical simulation methods, the flow patterns of bubble flow, slug flow and annular flow are determined. By proposing a new flow pattern conversion relationship with different media and different speeds, 100 sets of CO2-water flow patterns and 100 sets of CO2-ethanol flow patterns are obtained. The effects of surface tension on flow pattern, bubble length and liquid plug length are studied. The pressure distribution and pressure drop are analyzed, and mass transfer is obtained through slug flow simulation, and the influencing factors of gas–liquid mass transfer are studied. The results show that the effect of surface tension on the length of the bubble and the length of the liquid plug is completely opposite, the pressure distribution is stepped, and the pressure drop increases with the increase of the gas–liquid velocity. In addition, it was found that the volumetric mass transfer coefficients of the bubble cap and the liquid film gradually decreased with time, and eventually stabilized. The increase in bubble velocity accelerates the mass transfer rate, while the increase in unit cell length slows the mass transfer rate. However, the influence of film thickness and liquid film length on mass transfer varies with time.
Optimal control of nonlinear systems with dynamic programming
Authors: Tawiah Isaac , Song Yinglei
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a generalized technique for solving a class of nonlinear optimal control problems is proposed. The optimization problem is formulated based on the cost-to-go functional approach and the optimal solution can be obtained by Bellman’s technique. Specifically, a continuous nonlinear system is first discretized and a set of equality constraints can be obtained from the discretization. We show that, under a certain condition, the optimal solution of a problem in this class can be approximated by a solution of the set of equality constraints within any precision and the system is guaranteed to be stable under a control signal obtained from the solution. An iterative approach is then applied to numerically solve the set of equality constraints. The technique is tested on a nonlinear control problem from the class and simulation results show that the approach is not only effective but also leads to a fast convergence and accurate optimal solution.
Numerical study of multi-dimensional hyperbolic telegraph equations arising in nuclear material science via an efficient local meshless method
Authors: Ahmad Imtiaz , Seadawy Aly R. , Ahmad Hijaz , Thounthong Phatiphat , Wang Fuzhang
Published: February 2021

This research work is to study the numerical solution of three-dimensional second-order hyperbolic telegraph equations using an efficient local meshless method based on radial basis function (RBF). The model equations are used in nuclear material science and in the modeling of vibrations of structures. The explicit time integration technique is utilized to semi-discretize the model in the time direction whereas the space derivatives of the model are discretized by the proposed local meshless procedure based on multiquadric RBF. Numerical experiments are performed with the proposed numerical scheme for rectangular and non-rectangular computational domains. The proposed method solutions are converging quickly in comparison with the different existing numerical methods in the recent literature.
Egyptian Scholars, Priests and Temples between Autonomy and State Authority
Authors: Muhs Brian Paul
Published: February 2021

Egyptian temples and priests reshaped the Egyptian legal system throughout the first millennium BCE, as a result of both temple autonomy and state authority. In the early Third Intermediate Period (c. 1069–850 BCE), royal enforcement of laws diminished, and temples filled this vacuum by extending the use of judicial oracles, both to resolve disputes, and to document transactions. In the late Third Intermediate Period (c. 850–664 BCE), the temples decreased the use of judicial oracles, and introduced temple notary contracts to document transactions. Temples thereby established that written documentation took precedence over verbal witnesses, and they also developed systems of legal procedures employing these temple notary contracts. In doing so, the temples encouraged individuals to invest in private property. In the Saite and Persian Periods (664–332 BCE), resurgent royal and later imperial authorities brought uniformity to the forms of temple notary contracts, and to the system of legal procedures employing them. The temples may have produced codes of laws and legal procedures at this time, if they had not done so already in the late Third Intermediate Period. Priests also introduced the practice of antiquarian legal scholarship, to establish ancient legal precedents. Finally, in the Ptolemaic Period (332–30 BCE), the royal authorities continued to regulate temple courts and temple notaries. Nonetheless, they accepted at least some claims based on antiquarian legal scholarship by priests.