bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Improving Drilling Efficiency and Safety Based on Hydraulic Mechanical Specific Energy in the Framework of Economic Model Predictive Control
Authors: Xu Baochang , Meng Zhuoran , Liu Wei , Luo Xionglin , Chen Yiqi
Published: February 2023

The economic value of real-time optimization of the drilling process has attracted extensive attention in the period of crude oil price fluctuation. Because of the complicated bottomhole conditions and coupling relationship among subsystems, it is difficult for the driller to continuously adjust the primary manipulation variables—weight on bit (WOB), revolutions per minute (RPM), and managed pressure drilling (MPD) equipment—which leads to unsatisfactory drilling effect and increased nonproductive time. Here, we propose an integrated control strategy based on economic model predictive control with zone tracking (ZoneEMPC), nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC), and Lyapunov-based model predictive control (LMPC) to optimize hydraulic mechanical specific energy (HMSE) while stabilizing bottomhole pressure (BHP).

During normal drilling, ZoneEMPC is used to minimize HMSE through operating RPM, WOB, mud pump flow, and choke-valve opening as well as its tracking performance, which ensures that the BHP is maintained within the pressure window. Moreover, the controller is switched to NMPC, which adjusts the BHP to quickly reach the new setting zone. The reason for controller switching is that the tracking accuracy of ZoneEMPC could decline when encountering high-pressure formation with gas invasion. As the BHP reaches the new pressure range, the controller is switched to ZoneEMPC again and the HMSE is reoptimized. In addition, the transmission rate of mud pulse telemetry is not enough to meet the real-time control in practical engineering. Therefore, the LMPC controller is used to ensure the closed-loop stability of the system when the downhole measurement data (e.g., BHP) delayed.

This study uses the drilling data of a vertical well located in Tarim, China, to verify the control strategy. The results indicated that the proposed integrated control strategy could improve the rate of penetration (ROP), especially in a formation with high rock strength. Meanwhile, the BHP could be adjusted efficiently and stably under different conditions. This work provides a unified framework integrating multiple system models for practical engineering, which has certain theoretical guiding significance for the automation and intelligent development of the oil and gas industry.
Efficient Synthesis of Chlorin e6 and its Potential Photodynamic Immunotherapy in Mouse Melanoma by the Abscopal Effect
Authors: Kim Yong-Wan , Mallik Shyam Kumar , Shrestha Rajeev , Lim Junmo , Gurung Pallavi , Magar Til Bahadur Thapa
Published: February 2023

Background
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can eradicate not only cancer cells but also stimulate an anti-tumor immune response. Herein, we describe two efficient synthetic methodologies for the preparation of the second generation of photosensitizer Chlorin e6 (Ce6) from Spirulina platensis in higher yield and purity, and we address the phototoxic effect of Ce6 in vitro along with anti-tumor activity due to photodynamic therapy in vivo.
Methods
The use of different solvents, the duration of extraction/reaction, and the yield were analyzed and compared between the two methods during the synthesis of Ce6. The synthesized Ce6 was evaluated by TLC, HPLC, LC/MS, NMR, and studied for the anti-tumor activity of melanoma in vitro and in vivo. Melanoma B16F10 cells were seeded and phototoxicity was monitored by the MTT assay. C57BL/6 mice were transplanted with B16F10 cells for the tumor allograft model. The mice were subcutaneously inoculated on the left and right flank with 0.1 mL of B16F10 cells (1×106 cells/mL). The treated mice were intravenously injected with Ce6 of 2.5 mg/kg and then exposed to red light (660 nm) on the left flank tumors at 3 h after the injection.
Results
Our results revealed that the tumor was suppressed not only in the left flank but also in the right flank, where no PDT was given. The immune response was also studied by analyzing Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and Interleukin-2 (IL-2) of the right flank tumors through qPCR. The upregulated expression of IFN-γ, TNF-α, and IL-2 revealed the local anti-tumor immunity due to Ce6-PDT.
Conclusion
The finding of this study suggest an efficient methodology of Ce6 preparation and the efficacy of Ce6-PDT as a promising anti-tumor immune response.
Kidney tubular epithelial cells control interstitial fibroblast fate by releasing TNFAIP8-encapsulated exosomes
Authors: Liu Xi , Liu Zhao , Wang Cong , Miao Jinhua , Zhou Shan , Ren Qian , Jia Nan , zhou Lili , Liu Youhua
Published: February 2023

Kidney fibrosis, characterized by the activation and expansion of the matrix-producing fibroblasts, is the common outcome of chronic kidney disease (CKD). While fibroblast proliferation is well studied in CKD, little is known about the regulation and mechanism of fibroblast depletion. Here, we show that exosomes derived from stressed/injured tubules play a pivotal role in dictating fibroblast apoptosis and fate. When human kidney tubular cells (HK-2) were stimulated with TGF-β1, they produced and released increased amounts of exosomes (TGFβ-Exo), which prevented renal interstitial fibroblasts from apoptosis. In vivo, injections of TGFβ-Exo promoted renal fibroblast survival, whereas blockade of exosome secretion accelerated fibroblast apoptosis in obstructive nephropathy. Proteomics profiling identified the tumor necrosis factor-α-induced protein 8 (TNFAIP8) as a key component enriched in TGFβ-Exo. TNFAIP8 was induced in renal tubular epithelium and enriched in the exosomes from fibrotic kidneys. Knockdown of TNFAIP8 in tubular cells abolished the ability of TGFβ-Exo to prevent fibroblast apoptosis. In vivo, gain- or loss- of TNFAIP8 prevented or aggravated renal fibroblast apoptosis after obstructive injury. Mechanistically, exosomal-TNFAIP8 promoted p53 ubiquitination leading to its degradation, thereby inhibiting fibroblasts apoptosis and inducing their proliferation. Collectively, these results indicate that tubule-derived exosomes play a critical role in controlling the size of fibroblast population during renal fibrogenesis through shuttling TNFAIP8 to block p53 signaling. Strategies to target exosomes may be effective strategies for the therapy of fibrotic CKD.
Assessment of Multiple-Opinion Referrals and Consults at the BC Children’s Hospital Allergy Clinic
Authors: Sage Adam Patrick , James Elliot , Burke Megan , Chan Edmond S , Wong Tiffany
Published: February 2023

Background: Allergic disease is on the rise. Waitlists for specialists are long, and many referrals have already received prior allergic assessment. It is important to understand the prevalence and motivating factors for second opinion referrals, to deliver timely assessment for patients with allergic disease.
Methods:A retrospective chart review of demographic information, referral patterns, and motivation for new consults of pediatric patients aged 8 months – 17 years to BC Children’s Hospital Allergy Clinic from September 1, 2016 – August 31, 2017, was performed. Data were accessed through local Electronic Medical Records and subsequently analyzed for frequency and motivation for referrals to our clinic.
Results: Of 1029 new referrals received, 210 (20.4%) were multiple-opinion referrals. Food allergy was the predominant allergic concern prompting another opinion (75.7%). The main rationale for seeking further opinions was looking to speak with a certified Allergist, or dissatisfaction with previous opinions.
Conclusions: Many new consults at the BCCH Allergy Clinic are multiple-opinion assessments, contributing to long waitlists and poor patient satisfaction. Advocacy at the systems level is needed to provide better access in Canada for children needing a specialized Allergist.
Trial Registration - UBC/BCCH Research Ethics Board (H18-02528)
WITHDRAWN: Properties of Cake and Pogaca Enriched With Carob Molasses Pulp Flour
Authors: Özdemir Yüksel , YALIMKAYA SERPIL , İlhan Sevcan
Published: February 2023

Carob molasses pulp is a waste or by-product in carob molasses and carob syrup production. However, it contains nutritive elements like dietary fiber and polyphenols. In this study, carob molasses pulp flour (CMP) was used in cake and pogaca formulations to substitute 5, 10, and 15% of wheat flour, and its quality characteristics were investigated. The results showed that CMP addition resulted in similar results for pogaca and cakes. The use of CMP in pogaca and cake formulations caused a strong reduction in lightness and yellowness; the color of pogaca and cakes were darker, redder, and less yellow than the control, depending on the substitution level. The volume and weight loss value of pogaca and cake did not change. The hardness slightly increased, but only 15% CMP added sample was significantly different (p < 0.05) from the control. However, sensory qualities of pogaca and cakes with CMP were observed close to control. Practical Application: Thus, the nutritional values of cake and pogaca increased economically by using waste CMP
Posterior Scleritis Following COVID-19 Vaccination or Infection Simulating Uveal Melanoma in 8 Consecutive Patients
Authors: Negretti Guy , Zeiger Jennifer , Cherkas Elliot , Shields Carol
Published: February 2023

Objectives
To determine clinical features and outcomes of posterior scleritis masquerading as uveal melanoma following vaccination against COVID-19 and/or COVID-19 infection.
Subjects/Methods:
All patients with posterior scleritis referred to our service to rule out intraocular tumor between February 2021 and June 2022, who previously had COVID-19 vaccination and/or infection (n = 8). A retrospective detailed review of patient charts and imaging was carried out.
Results
Previous COVID-19 vaccination was documented in 6 patients (75%) and previous COVID-19 infection and vaccination in 2 patients (25%). Demographic features included mean age of 59 years (median 68, range 5–86 years), white race (n = 7, 87%), and male sex (n = 5, 63%). Mean visual acuity at presentation was 0.24 LogMAR (median 0.18, range 0.0-0.70). The main presenting symptom was blurred vision with pain (n = 5, 63%). Features that suggested scleritis and not uveal melanoma included pain (n = 6, 75%), anterior scleritis (n = 3, 38%), disc edema (n = 1, 13%), choroidal detachment (n = 3, 38%), choroidal folds (n = 3, 38%), diffusely thickened scleral wall on ultrasonography (n = 2, 25%), Tenon’s edema (n = 5, 63%), and scleral nodule with medium/high internal reflectivity on ultrasonography (n = 4, 50%). Follow-up information at mean of 2 months (range 0.25-7 months) revealed visual acuity at date last seen was mean 0.30 LogMAR (median 0.29, range 0.0-0.54). By 2 months, resolution of “tumor” was noted in 5/6 (83%) patients with follow-up.
Conclusions
Posterior scleritis following COVID-19 vaccination and/or infection can masquerade as choroidal melanoma. At 2 months duration, partial or complete resolution of features with minimal visual consequence was noted.
Faricimab in Neovascular AMD
Authors: Stanga Paulo Eduardo , Bravo Francisco Javier Valentin , Stanga Sebastian , Reinstein Ursula , Idoate Salvador Pastor , Downes Susan
Published: February 2023

Purpose
Assess short-term real-world outcomes in neovascular aged-related macular degeneration (nAMD) treated with novel faricimab.
Methods
Retrospective case series of nine patients with nAMD (11 eyes) treated with faricimab between May and November 2022. Treatment-naïve patients and non-naïve patients underwent best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), optical coherence tomography (OCT) DRI OCT-1 Triton (Topcon Corp, Tokyo, Japan), ultra-widefield (UWF) and fundus autofluorescence (FAF) (California Optomap, Optos plc, Dunfermline, Scotland, UK). Previous treatment intervals, number of intravitreal injections, sub/intra retinal fluid (SRF/IRF), central retinal thickness (CRT) and presence/changes in pigment epithelial detachments (PEDs) were recorded.
Results
Mean baseline BCVA and CRT values of patients who switched from other agents were 0.612 and 256.16 µm respectively, with a mean 36-day previous treatment interval. The median number of other previous anti-VEGF intravitreal injections was 8. The mean baseline BVCA and CRT values of the 3 naïve patients were 0.33 and 874.67 µm, respectively. At one month follow-up, mean BCVA improvement was 0.32 and mean CRT reduction was 338.44 µm. A complete resolution of SRF and IRF was observed in 75% and 33.33%, respectively. Drusenoid PED morphology changes were observed in all patients. No drug-related adverse events were observed.
Conclusion
Real-world outcomes showed improvement in BCVA and anatomic parameters at an early timepoint, demonstrating the efficacy and durability of faricimab in nAMD patients. Larger numbers of patients and longer follow-up are needed to determine whether the loading dose is required in all; what percentage of patients experience an improvement, and whether improvement it is maintained.
5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous iron ameliorates scrotal heat stress-induced spermatogenic damage through inhibiting MAPK pathway and inducing CD4+Foxp3+ Treg generation by enhancing HO-1 expression
Authors: Gao Peng , Zhuang Jingming , Chen Haoran , Fang Zujin , Zheng Jie , Zhu Daqian , Hou Jiangang
Published: February 2023

Objective
to explore whether 5-Aminolevulinic acid combined with ferrous iron(5-ALA/Fe2+) could protect testicular tissues damage of mice subjected to heat stress (HS) and provide its underlying mechanisms.
Methods
5-ALA/Fe2+ was administered intragastrically to mice for 10 days, then exposed to a scrotal heat stress at 43℃ for 20 minutes on third day. Testes were harvested for morphologic and histopathological examination, oxidative stress, apoptosis, heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and inflammation detection. The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling pathway in testis and CD4+FoxP3+regulatory T(Treg) cells in spleen were also detected.
Results
Compared to control group, the testis weight decreased and histological damage severed in HS group. Besides, HS also increased the oxidative stress, apoptosis and inflammation in testis. However, these indicators were ameliorated after 5-ALA/Fe2+ treatment but deteriorated after receiving ZnPPIX. The expression of HO-1 was increased both in HS group and 5-ALA/Fe2+ group. The protein expression levels of MAPK proteins were activated by HS and inhibited by 5-ALA/Fe2+. The CD4+FoxP3+ Treg generation was reduced by HS and increased by 5-ALA/Fe2+.
Conclusion
In this study, we have demonstrated that 5-ALA/Fe2+ ameliorated the spermatogenic damage induced by scrotal heat stress via up-regulating the expression of HO-1 and inhibiting MAPK mediated oxidative stress and apoptosis and inducing CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs to inhibit the inflammation induced by HS in mice.
Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) plus systemic chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy alone in locally advanced gastric cancer after D2 radical resection: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Yu Pengfei , Huang Xingmao , Huang Ling , Dai Gaiguo , Xu Qi , Fang Jingquan , Ye Zeyao , Chai Tengjiao , Du Yian
Published: February 2023

Background: Currently, there is a lack of effective strategy for the prevention of peritoneal metastasis(PM) from locally advanced gastric cancer (AGC). This randomized controlled study aimed to evaluate the outcome of D2 radical resection with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) plus systemic chemotherapy versus systemic chemotherapy alone in locally AGC patients.
Methods: All patients enrolled were randomly assigned to receive HIPEC plus systemic chemotherapy (HIPEC group) or systemic chemotherapy alone (non-HIPEC group) after radical gastrectomy. HIPEC was performed intraperitoneally with cisplatin (40 mg/m2) within 72h after surgery, while systemic chemotherapy based on SOX regimen (S-1 combined with oxaliplatin) was administered 4-6 weeks after radical surgery. Patterns of recurrence, adverse events, 3-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed.
Results: A total of 134 patients were enrolled in the present study. The 3-year DFS rate was 73.8% in the HIPEC group, which was significantly higher than that in the non-HIPEC group (61.2%, P=0.031). The 3-year OS rate was 73.9% in the HIPEC group and 77.6% in the non-HIPEC group, with no significant difference (P = 0.737). PM was the most common distant metastasis in both groups. The occurrence rate of PM in the HIPEC group was statistically lower than that in the non-HIPEC group (20.9% vs. 40.3%, P=0.015). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were occurred in 19 (14.2%) patients, and there was no statistic difference between the two groups.
Conclusion: Radical surgery followed by HIPEC combined with systemic chemotherapy is a safe and feasible strategy for locally AGC patients and could effectively improve the DFS and reduce the occurrence of PM. However, more prospective randomized studies with a large sample size are warranted.
Trial registration: This study was registered with www.medresman.org.cn as ChiCTR2200055966 on 30/01/2022.
Deep Learning Techniques for Prediction of Pneumonia from Lung CT images
Authors: k Meena , Veeramakali T , Singh Ngangbam Herojit , L Jeya Kumar
Published: February 2023

Pneumonia disease is caused by viruses and bacteria which affect one or both lungs. It is the most dangerous disease that causes huge cancer death worldwide. Early detection of Pneumonia is the only way to improve a patient’s chance for survival. We can detect this disease from X-ray or Computed Tomography (CT) lung images using Deep Learning Techniques. This research paper provides a solution to medical practitioners in predicting the impact of virus as high-risk, low-risk and medium-risk among the population being tested through various Deep Learning techniques such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Artificial Neural Network (ANN) and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) cells. We observed 3000 CT images of Pneumonia confirmed patients and achieved the accuracy resulting 98–99%. The performance of the classifiers are evaluated using parameters such as confusion matrix, accuracy, F-measure, precision and Recall. The results proves that deep learning afford a fitting tool for fast screening of Pneumonia and discovering high-risk patients and preventing them by providing suitable medical remedies.
Virucidal activity of three standard chemical disinfectants against Ebola virus suspended in tripartite soil and whole blood
Authors: Jonsdottir Hulda R. , Zysset Daniel , Lenz Nicole , Siegrist Denise , Ruedin Yelena , Ryter Sarah , Züst Roland , Geissmann Yannick , Ackermann-Gäumann Rahel , Engler Olivier B. , Weber Benjamin
Published: February 2023

Proper disinfection and inactivation of highly pathogenic viruses is an essential component of public health and prevention. Depending on environment, surfaces, and type of contaminant, various methods of disinfection must be both efficient and available. To test both established and novel chemical disinfectants against risk group 4 viruses in our maximum containment facility, we developed a standardized protocol and assessed the chemical inactivation of the two Ebola virus variants Mayinga and Makona suspended in two different biological soil loads. Standard chemical disinfectants ethanol and sodium hypochlorite completely inactivate both Ebola variants after 30 s in suspension at 70 % and 0.5 % v/v, respectively, concentrations recommended for disinfection by the World Health Organization. Additionally, peracetic acid is also inactivating at 0.2 % v/v under the same conditions. Continued vigilance and optimization of current disinfection protocols is extremely important due to the continuous presence of Ebola virus on the African continent and increased zoonotic spillover of novel viral pathogens. Furthermore, to facilitate general pandemic preparedness, the establishment and sharing of standardized protocols is very important as it allows for rapid testing and evaluation of novel pathogens and/or chemical disinfectants.
Local delivery of decorin via hyaluronic acid microrods improves cardiac performance and ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction.
Authors: Desai Tejal , Mohindra Priya , Zhong Justin , Fang Qizhi , Huynh Cindy , Cuylear Darnell , Qiu Huiliang , Gao Dongwei , Kharbikar Bhushan , Huang Xiao , Springer Matt , Lee Randall
Published: February 2023

Heart failure (HF) is a global public health burden and associated with significant morbidity and mortality. HF can result as a complication following myocardial infarction (MI), with cardiac fibrosis forming in the myocardium as a response to injury. The dense, avascular scar tissue that develops in the myocardium after injury following MI creates an inhospitable microenvironment that hinders cellular function, survival, and recruitment, thus severely limiting tissue regeneration. We have previously demonstrated the ability of hyaluronic acid (HA) polymer microrods to modulate fibroblast phenotype using discrete biophysical cues and to improve cardiac outcomes after implantation in rodent models of ischemia-reperfusion MI injury. Here, we developed a dual-pronged biochemical and biophysical therapeutic strategy leveraging bioactive microrods to more robustly attenuate cardiac fibrosis after acute myocardial injury. Incorporation of the anti-fibrotic proteoglycan decorin within microrods led to sustained release of decorin over one month in vitro and after implantation, resulted in marked improvement in cardiac function and ventricular remodeling, along with decreased fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. Together, this body of work aims to contribute important knowledge to help develop rationally designed engineered biomaterials that may be used to successfully treat cardiovascular diseases.
Wnt signaling enhances the capacity of cochlear Frizzled 10-positive glial cells as neural stem cells
Authors: Wang Man , Xu Lei , Han Yuechen , Wang Xue , Lu Junze , Chen Fang , Yao Zhiqun , Meng Yu , Li Yan , Wang Yanqing , Li Jingxin , Zhao Chunjie , Chai Renjie , Liu Wenwen , Wang Haibo
Published: February 2023

The degeneration of cochlea spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) results in irreversible sensorineural hearing loss due to the fact that SGNs lack regenerative ability. Cochlear glial cells (GCs) possess limited capacity for neural differentiation. However, the identity of these progenitor cells has been elusive. Here, we identified a distinct subpopulation of cochlear GCs that express Frizzled 10 (FZD10+), which may be the predominant type of GCs responsible for self-proliferation and neuronal differentiation in the neonatal and adult cochlea. Wnt signaling activation significantly promoted the capacity of FZD10 + GCs as neural stem cells, both in vitro and in vivo, and enhanced the neural excitability of the newly induced-neurons. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of the proliferated and differentiated FZD10 + GCs revealed that a cluster of neurogenesis-like cells possess characteristics of auditory neurons, suggesting they may be immature SGNs, with multiple signaling pathways, related regulatory genes, and three transcription factors (Pou3f4, Maf and Foxp1) highly expressed in them. Overall, this study identified FZD10 + GCs play a vital role in neurogenesis in the mouse cochlea, and demonstrated the essential function of the Wnt signaling in SGNs regeneration, as well as probed the underlying mechanisms that may be involved in this process.
Effective utilization and characterization of carbon derived from non-biodegradable waste based electrical switches for supercapacitor applications: A green approach
Authors: VS Prabhin , S BENITHA V , K Jeyasubramanian , R Shantha Selvakumari , Divakaran Divya
Published: February 2023

This work describes the utilization of carbon (Char) held after the slow pyrolysis of Disposed Electric Switches made of Thermoset Plastic (DESTP) as a high-capacity electrode material for supercapacitor applications. Char is prepared by pyrolysis strategy and exposed to severe milling in high energy planetary ball mill for size reduction. By suspending the pulverised DESTP in silver (Ag) nanoparticles dispersed solution obtained by reducing AgNO3 with hydrazine hydrate as a reducing agent, the DESTP is loaded with Ag nanoparticles. The Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDAX) validates the elemental makeup of the manufactured char. The DESTP and Ag@DESTP are coated separately on a low-cost etched brass substrate, and their electrochemical charge-storage properties are investigated using an electrochemical workstation. The specific capacitance of DESTP and Ag@DESTP electrodes are discovered to be 32 Fg-1and 67 Fg-1, respectively. The fabricated electrodes provide a maximum volumetric capacitance of 93 mFcm-3and 21 mFcm-3 with a current density of 5 mA for Ag@DESTP and DESTP electrodes respectively. This work gives a great model of repurposing the e-waste advertising with good electrochemical energy storage applications.
Evidence for an association of serum microanalytes and myofascial pain syndrome
Authors: Pradeep Aishwarya , Birerdinc Aybike , Branigan Travis , Phan Vy , Morris Hailey , Shah Jay , DeStefano Secili , Sikdar Siddhartha , Srb John , Kumbhare Dinesh , Stecco Antonio , Paik James , Gerber Lynn H.
Published: February 2023

Background
Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a common pain disorder. Diagnostic criteria include physical findings which are often unreliable or not universally accepted. A precise biosignature may improve diagnosis and treatment effectiveness. The purpose of this study was to assess whether microanalytic assays significantly correlate with characteristic clinical findings in people with MPS.
Methods
This descriptive, prospective study included 38 participants (25 women) with greater than 3 months of myofascial pain in the upper trapezius. Assessments were performed at a university laboratory. The main outcome measures were the Beighton Index, shoulder range of motion, strength asymmetries and microanalytes: DHEA, Kynurenine, VEGF, interleukins (IL-1b, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-7, IL-8, IL-13), growth factors (IGF-1, IGF2, G-CSF, GM-CSF), MCP-1, MIP-1b, BDNF, Dopamine, Noradrenaline, NPY, and Acetylcholine. Mann-Whitney test and Spearman’s multivariate correlation were applied for all variables. The Spearman’s analysis results were used to generate a standard correlation matrix and heat map matrix.
Results
Mean age of participants was 32 years (20–61). Eight (21%) had widespread pain (Widespread Pain Index ≥ 7). Thirteen (34%) had MPS for 1–3 years, 14 (37%) 3–10 years, and 11 (29%) for > 10 years. The following showed strong correlations: IL1b,2,4,5,7,8; GM-CSF and IL 2,4,5,7; between DHEA and BDNF and between BDNF and Kynurenine, NPY and acetylcholine. The heat map analysis demonstrated strong correlations between the Beighton Index and IL 5,7, GM-CSF, DHEA. Asymmetries of shoulder and cervical spine motion and strength associated with select microanalytes.
Conclusion
Cytokine levels significantly correlate with selected clinical assessments. This indirectly suggests possible biological relevance for understanding MPS. Correlations among some cytokine clusters; and DHEA, BDNF kynurenine, NPY, and acetylcholine may act together in MPS. These findings should be further investigated for confirmation that link these microanalytes with select clinical findings in people with MPS.
Lamin A upregulation reorganizes the genome during rod photoreceptor degeneration
Authors: Nađ Ivana , Fernandes José , Shir-Mohammadi Khatereh , Mattar Pierre
Published: February 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases are accompanied by dynamic changes in gene expression, including the upregulation of hallmark stress-responsive genes. While the transcriptional pathways that impart adaptive and maladaptive gene expression signatures have been the focus of intense study, the role of higher order nuclear organization in this process is less clear. Here, we examine the role of the nuclear lamina in genome organization during the degeneration of rod photoreceptors. Two proteins had previously been shown to be necessary and sufficient to tether heterochromatin at the nuclear envelope. The lamin B receptor (Lbr) is expressed during development, but downregulates upon rod differentiation. A second tether is the intermediate filament lamin A (LA), which is not normally expressed in murine rods. Here, we show that in the rd1 model of retinitis pigmentosa, LA ectopically upregulates in rod photoreceptors at the onset of degeneration. LA upregulation correlated with increased heterochromatin tethering at the nuclear periphery in rd1 rods, suggesting that LA reorganizes the nucleus. To determine how heterochromatin tethering affects the genome, we used in vivo electroporation to misexpress LA or Lbr in mature rods in the absence of degeneration, resulting in the restoration of conventional nuclear architecture. Using scRNA-seq, we show that reorganizing the nucleus via LA/Lbr misexpression has only minor effects on rod gene expression. Next, using ATAC-seq, we show that LA and Lbr both lead to similar increases in genome accessibility. Novel ATAC-seq peaks tended to be associated with stress-responsive genes. Together, our data reveal that heterochromatin tethers have a global effect on genome accessibility, and suggest that LA –dependent genome reconfiguration contributes to the stress response of rod
photoreceptors.
Prognostic Value of Sarcopenia in Older Adults with Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Yang Yan-Wu , Pan Pan , Xia Xin , Zhou Yi-Wu , Ge Meiling
Published: February 2023

Background
Some studies associated sarcopenia and postoperative mortality in aortic stenosis patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI), however, their findings were not consistent. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to summarize the prevalence of sarcopenia and its impact on mortality in patients undergoing TAVI.
Methods
Medline, EMBASE, and PubMed were searched from inception to October 14, 2022 to retrieve eligible studies that assessed sarcopenia in patients undergoing TAVI. The PRISMA (2020) was employed to evaluate study quality. Pooled sarcopenia prevalence was calculated with 95% confidence interval (CI), and heterogeneity was estimated using the I2 test. Associations of sarcopenia with mortality of post-TAVI were expressed as hazard ratio (HR) or odds ratios (OR) and 95% CI.
Results
13 studies involving 5248 patients (mean age from 78.1 to 84.9 years) undergoing TAVI were included. There were eleven studies defined sarcopenia based on loss of skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), while only two studies used low muscle mass plus low muscle strength and/or low physical performance. Overall, the pooled prevalence of sarcopenia in patients undergoing TAVI was 49% (95% CI 41%-58%). Sarcopenia was associated with an increased risk of long-term (≥ 1 year) mortality in patients after TAVI (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.33–1.85, P < 0.001), with similar findings in the subgroups stratified by follow-up time, definition of sarcopenia, study location, and study design. Furthermore, the 1-, 2-, and 3-year cumulative probabilities of survival in patients with sarcopenia were significantly lower than non-sarcopenia (74.0% vs 91.0%, 68.3% vs 78.0%, and 72.6% vs 79.8%, all P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Although there are substantial differences in diagnostic criteria, sarcopenia is highly prevalent in patients undergoing TAVI and its linked to increased long-term mortality after TAVI. The standardization of sarcopenia diagnostic criteria would be beneficial and future longitudinal studies are needed to investigate the prevalence and prognostic value of sarcopenia in TAVI patients.
Artificial intelligence approach for the analysis of placebo-controlled clinical trials in major depressive disorders accounting for individual propensity to respond to placebo
Authors: Gomeni Roberto , Bressolle-Gomeni Francoise , Fava Maurizio
Published: February 2023

Treatment effect in clinical trials for major depressive disorders (RCT) can be viewed as the resultant of treatment specific and non-specific effects. Baseline individual propensity to respond non-specifically to any treatment or intervention can be considered as a major non-specific confounding effect. The greater is the baseline propensity, the lower will be the chance to detect any treatment-specific effect. The statistical methodologies currently applied for analyzing RCTs doesn’t account for potential unbalance in the allocation of subjects to treatment arms due to heterogenous distributions of propensity. Hence, the groups to be compared may be imbalanced, and thus incomparable. Propensity weighting methodology was used to reduce baseline imbalances between arms. A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled, three arms, parallel group, 8-week, fixed-dose study to evaluate efficacy of paroxetine CR 12.5 and 25 mg/day is presented as a cases study. An artificial intelligence model was developed to predict placebo response at week 8 in subjects assigned to placebo arm using changes from screening to baseline of individual Hamilton Depression Rating Scale items. This model was used to predict the probability to respond to placebo in each subject. The inverse of the probability was used as weight in the mixed-effects model applied to assess treatment effect. The analysis with and without propensity weight indicated that the weighted analysis provided an estimate of treatment effect and effect-size about twice larger than the non-weighted analysis. Propensity weighting provides an unbiased strategy to account for heterogeneous and uncontrolled placebo effect making patients’ data comparable across treatment arms.
Prevalence and factors associated with underweight among 15–49-year-old women in Sierra Leone: A secondary Data Analysis of Sierra Leone Demographic Health Survey of 2019
Authors: Ikoona Eric Nzirakaindi , Toure Mame Awa , Njenga Amon , Namulemo Lucy , Kaluya Ronald , Kamara Kassim , Oyat Freddy Wathum Drinkwater , Kitara David Lagoro , Aloyo Judith
Published: February 2023

Background
Women are at risk of being underweight due to biological, socio-economic, and cultural factors. Underweight women have higher risks of poor obstetric outcomes. We aimed to determine the prevalence and factors associated with being underweight among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in Sierra Leone.
Methods
We used the Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey (2019-SLDHS) data of 5,714 women aged 15 to 49 years, excluding the pregnant, post-natal, lactating, and post-menopausal women. A multistage stratified sampling approach was used to select study participants, and data was collected using validated questionnaires. A multivariable logistic regression analysis determined factors associated with underweight among 15–49-year-old women in Sierra Leone. Ethical approval for the study was obtained.
Results
The prevalence of underweight was 6.7% (502/7,514). Women who belonged to the 15–24-year age group (Adjusted Odds Ratio) (AOR) = 2.499,95%CI:2.394–2.596; p < 0.001 were 2.5 times more likely to be underweight compared to the 25–34-year age group. Not married women AOR = 0.594, 95%CI:0.467–0.755; p < 0.001 were less likely to be underweight compared to married women. Women residing in the northern region AOR = 0.734,95%CI:0.559–0.963; p = 0.026 were least likely to be underweight compared to the East. Women who did not listen to radios AOR = 0.673,95%CI:0.673–0.826; p < 0.001 were less likely to be underweight compared to those who did.
Conclusion
The prevalence of underweight among women in the reproductive age in Sierra Leone is low and the factor associated with underweight was age group (15–24 years). There is a need to address the socio-economic determinants of underweight among women, mainly due to poverty and other inequalities.
Acute and Subacute Intraocular Pressure and Macular Microvascular Structure changes after Intravitreal Ranibizumab Injection in Eyes with Branch Retinal Vein Occlusion
Authors: Li xiaoyu , Qin Chen , Yu Xiaobing
Published: February 2023

Purpose. To investigate early changes in the intraocular pressure (IOP) and macular microvascular structure in eyes with branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) treated with intravitreal Ranibizumab injection.
Methods. This study enrolled 30 patients (one eye per patient) who received intravitreal injections (IVI) of ranibizumab for macular edema secondary to BRVO. IOP were measured before, 30 minutes (min) and 1 month following IVI. Changes in macular microvascular structure were examined via assessment of foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters, vascular density (VD) of superficial vascular complex (SVC), and deep vascular complex (DVC) in whole macula, central fovea and parafovea area which were measured automatically by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) on the same time as IOP examinations. Paired t test and Wilcoxon test were used to compare pre- and post-injection values. The correlation between IOP and OCTA findings was assessed.
Results. IOP Measurements at 30 min post-IVI (17.91 ± 3.36 mmHg) increased significantly from baseline (15.07 ± 2.58 mmHg, p < 0.001), then became similar with baseline after 1 month (15.00 ± 3.16 mmHg, p = 0.925). 30 min past the injection, the parameters of VD of the SCP significantly decreased in comparison to baseline, then became similar with baseline after one month, while there were no significant changes in other OCTA parameters, including parameters of VD of the DCP and the FAZ. At 1 month after IVI, in comparison to baseline, no significant changes were observed in all of the OCTA parameters (P > 0.05). There were no significant correlations between IOP and OCTA findings no matter 30 min or 1 month post-IVI (P >0.05).
Conclusions. Transient IOP elevation and decreased superficial macular capillary perfusion density were detected 30 min post-IVI, however, no potential continual macular microvascular damage was suspected.
WITHDRAWN: Machine Learning-Based Prediction of Distal Aortic Enlargement after Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair of Stanford Type B Aortic Dissection: A Multicenter, Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Guo Yilong , Rong Dan , Ge Yangyang , Ge Xiaohu , Miao Jianhang , Fan Weidong , Zhang Hongpeng , Wei Ren , Guo Wei
Published: February 2023

Background: Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) is an important treatment for patients with acute complicated Stanford type B aortic dissection. However, postoperative distal aortic enlargement is a severe complication of TEVAR. This study aimed to construct a prediction model for postoperative distal aortic enlargement using machine learning algorithms and explore high-risk factors that accelerate the progression of postoperative distal aortic enlargement.
Methods: Study participants were selected from the multicenter, open cohort ROBUST (Registry Of type B aortic dissection with the Utility of STent graft) study. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression method was employed to select variables. Seven machine learning algorithms (k-nearest neighbor, logistic regression, decision tree, random forest, support vector machine, sklearn neural network, and extreme gradient boosting) were applied to construct prediction models. Further, to explore the important factors that affected the progression of postoperative distal aortic enlargement, we applied three different regression algorithms (random forest, extreme gradient boosting, and light gradient boosting machine) to analyze the data of patients with postoperative distal aortic enlargement.
Results: We retrospectively analyzed the data of 184 patients who underwent thoracic endovascular aortic repair for type B aortic dissection at four medical centers. The median follow-up time was 12.37 months (IQR, 8.07–18.17 months). In total, 26 variables were identified using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. The model constructed using the random forest algorithm exhibited the best prediction performance among the seven models. The regression model constructed by the light gradient boosting machine showed better performance than the other two models. Accordingly, TAT_2.0 (partial thrombosis of the thoracic aorta), SVS (scored according to the comorbidity grading system of the Society for Vascular Surgery), and VRAOFL (visceral or renal aorta originating from a false lumen) were the top three high-risk factors that accelerated the progression of PDAE.
Conclusions: The random forest prediction model can improve the prediction accuracy for postoperative distal aortic enlargement, and the light gradient boosting machine regression model can identify high-risk factors that accelerate the progression of postoperative distal aortic enlargement.
The distribution of Western flower thrips trapped on yellow cylinder
Authors: Ben-Yakir David , Tol Robert W.H.M. , Bovio Marcella , Ribak Gal
Published: February 2023

The Western flower thrips (WFT), Frankliniella occidentalis, is a very important pest of many crops worldwide and a vector of viral pathogens. Monitoring WFT in open fields using attractive colored traps mounted on wind vane indicated that the vast majority of trapped thrips were on the leeward side of the traps. In this study, we determined the distribution of trapped WFT on cylindrical yellow traps under controlled conditions in a wind tunnel (24 ± 1°C, 70 ± 4% RH, airflow speeds 0.19 m sec− 1). In each experiment, we released 150–250 WFT females, either upwind or downwind of the cylindrical yellow sticky trap. Each experiment lasted six hours. Overall, 79%±14 of the released WFT females flew actively and 59%±15 of those that flew were trapped. The vast majority of the thrips were trapped on leeward side of the cylindrical yellow traps. Of the WFT females released downwind of the trap, 93%±3 (N = 6) were trapped on the leeward side, while of those released upwind of the trap, 81%±8 (N = 7) were trapped on the leeward side. A behavioral-biomechanical model simulating WFT flight towards the attractive yellow cylinders predicted that, as long as airflow speed is below the WFT flight speed, 71–84% of the WFT will be trapped on the leeward side. The results of this study are in agreement with the trapping distributions of WFT recorded in field studies. The results also suggest that, when airflow speed is below the WFT flight speed, most WFT approach visually attractive traps by actively flying upwind.
Implementation of a remote monitoring program for neonates requiring continued nasogastric tube feeding: patient characteristics and early outcomes
Authors: Fisher Christina , Haag Meredith , Douglas Angela , Kayhani Arnette , Warren Jamie
Published: February 2023

Objective
Our neonatal intensive care unit utilizes remote patient monitoring to facilitate hospital discharge with nasogastric tube (NGT) feeds. Program implementation, patient characteristics, and initial outcomes are described.
Study Design
Data collection for this descriptive study includes daily weights, oral and NGT feeding volumes, days of NGT feeds, and hospital readmissions. Descriptive statistics define number of NGT feed days, number of hospital days saved, number of days on monitoring, and weight gain.
Results
One-hundred and four of the 109 babies discharged on the program provided consent for and completed data collection. Mean gestational age at birth was 32w5d (range 24w0d to 40w4d). Eighty-nine babies (85.6%) achieved full oral feeds while on the program, with a median of 7 hospital days saved for this subset (IQR 4.0-14.3 days). Six babies (5.8%) had unscheduled readmissions while on the program.
Conclusion
Remote monitoring programs can facilitate discharge for babies with continued NGT needs.
Comparative Analysis of Diversity Combining Schemes in Power Limited Cognitive Radio under the impact of Co-Channel Interference
Authors: Bindra kavita Vij , sood Varsha Vimal , Khanna Rajesh , Sharma Surbhi
Published: February 2023

The authors investigate the performance of various diversity combining schemes in Internet of Things- Cognitive Radios (IOT-CR) system under the influence of co-channel interference limited environment. An approximate expression for probability density function (PDF) of maximum signal to interference ratio (SIR) at the receiver has been derived. By utilizing the derived PDF, closed loop expressions for Average post processing SIR, Ergodic capacity and Average bit error rate (ABER) have been derived. The proposed CR system is studied and analyzed under the impact of Peak transmit power (PTP) and Peak interference power (PIP) constraints. The achieved result shows that the Optimum combining (OC) at the receiver outperforms the traditional combining schemes in co-channel interference (CCI) scenario.
In-vitro activity of hyaluronic acid and human serum on periodontal biofilm and periodontal ligament fibroblasts
Authors: Zhu Xilei , von Werdt Livia , Zappalà Graziano , Sculean Anton , Eick Sigrun , Stähli Alexandra
Published: February 2023

Objectives: A beneficial effect of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (cHA) on periodontal wound healing and regeneration has recently been demonstrated. The present in-vitro study was designed to obtain deeper knowledge on the effect of cHA when applied in the gingival sulcus (serum-rich environment) during non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Materials and methods: The influence of cHA, human serum (HS) and cHA/HS on (i) a 12-species biofilm formation, (ii) the adhesion of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLF) to dentine surface, (iii) the expression and secretion of interleukin-8 and (iv) the expression of receptors of HA in PDLF and gingival fibroblasts (GF) were evaluated.
Results: At 4 h of biofilm formation, cHA and HS in combination (cHA/HS) slightly decreased the colony forming unit counts in biofilm whereas the metabolic activity of biofilm was reduced in all test groups (cHA, HS, cHA/HS) vs. control. At 24 h, the quantity of biofilm was reduced in all test groups vs. untreated control. The test substances did not affect adhesion of PDLF to dentin. HS increased the expression of IL-8 by PDLF and GF which was partially downregulated by cHA. HS and/or cHA promoted the expression of the HA receptor RHAAM in GF but not in PDLF.
Conclusions: In summary, the present data indicate that serum neither negatively affect the activity of cHA against periodontal biofilm, nor had any unwanted influence on the activity of PDLF.
Clinical relevance: These findings lend additional support for the positive effects of cHA on cells involved in periodontal wound healing, thus pointing to its potential use in non-surgical periodontal therapy.
Potential drivers of human tick-borne encephalitis in the Örebro region of Sweden, 2010-2021
Authors: Kjaer Lene Jung , Johansson Magnus , Lindgren Per-Eric , Asghar Naveed , Wilhelmsson Peter , Fredlund Hans , Christensson Madeleine , Wallenhammar Amélie , Bødker René , Rasmussen Gunløg , Kjellander Petter
Published: February 2023

Incidence of tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) has increased during the last years in Scandinavia, but the underlying mechanism is not understood. TBE human case data reported between 2010 and 2021 (N = 81) was aggregated into postal codes within Örebro County, south-central Sweden, along with tick abundance and environmental data to analyse spatial patterns and drivers of TBE. We identified a substantial and continuing increase of human TBE incidence in Örebro County during the study period. Although the spatial pattern varied between years, spatial cluster analyses showed significant hotspots (higher number of cases than expected) in the southern and northern parts of Örebro County, whereas a cold spot (lower number of cases than expected) was found in the central part comprising Örebro municipality. Generalised linear models showed that the risk for residents of acquiring TBE increased by approximately 141% for every percent increase in the proportion of wetland forest, however models had relatively low goodness of fit (R2 < 0.25). Results suggest that incidence of TBE in Örebro County is spatially clustered, however variables used in this study, i.e., forest cover, water, tick abundance, sheep as indicator species, alone do not explain these patterns.