bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Catullus’ Priapean Poem (c. 17)
Authors: Watson Lindsay
Published: February 2022

Catullus 17 poses a host of interpretational difficulties. The thorniest of these concerns its unity. How can the initial lines on the rickety state of Colonia'sponticulusbe reconciled with the real focus of the poem, the precipitation from the bridge of a husband who is blind to his bride's erotic needs, in the hope of bringing him to his senses? Many attempts have been made to resolve the problem, but few persuade to any degree. This paper proposes that the key to the unity-question lies in Catullus’ adoption of the rare priapean metre. This manoeuvre expresses itself in two ways: first, by infusing the poem as a whole with the thematic colours ascribed to priapeans by ancient metricians, that is to say a ludic, countrified but also mock-epic ethos: second, and crucially, by constructing the doltishmaritus, the thematic locus of the poem, as analter egoof the eponymous deity of Priapean literature; for just like the god of that corpus, the husband of the poem is a conspicuous sexual under-achiever, the butt of mocking laughter, inurbane, and little more than an insensate block of wood. In sum, by readingc.17 through a specifically Priapean lens it is possible to discover in it an otherwise elusive unity.
Shameful Kisses: A History of the Reception – and Rejection – of Homoeroticism in Catullus
Authors: Lewis Maxine , Robertson Christina
Published: February 2022

The history of Catullus’ reception has been one of exclusion as much as inclusion. Since the seventeenth century, many Anglophone writers have used Catullus as inspiration for their translations, poetic adaptations, and novels. A great deal of these works occluded the role that male homoeroticism played in the Latin poems, especially by omitting Catullus’ male love object, Juventius. Writers have employed various techniques to deal with Catullus’ ‘problematic’ pagan mores: choosing to ignore the suite of poems associated with homoeroticism (for example, Wilder 1948); bowdlerising homoerotic language (such as Nott 1795, Cranstoun 1867, and Macnaghten 1899); and performing ‘gender swaps’ to portray male-male relationships as male-female (a technique employed to memorable effect by de La Chapelle in 1680, and later by Lamb in 1821). Excision of whole poems or bowdlerisation of obscene terms was also often used to deal with Catullus’ depictions of male-on-male sexual violence, a topic regularly entwined with the gentler homoerotic content. This article surveys, analyses, and explains this aspect of Catullus’ reception in English from 1659–1915.
Lesbia's Controversial Bird: Testing the Cases for and againstPasseras Sparrow
Authors: Green Ashleigh
Published: February 2022

The identity of thepasserin Catullus 2 and 3 has been a subject of controversy for hundreds of years.1Sir D'Arcy Wentworth Thompson, the great authority on birds in the ancient world, sums it up best with his own musings: ‘Whatever Lesbia's “sparrow” may have been, I am pretty sure in my own mind […] that it was notPasser domesticus, the most intractable and least amiable of cage-birds.’2Some scholars opt for an obscene interpretation ofpasser, while others argue thatpassermust refer to a bird like a bullfinch (Pyrrhula pyrrhula). To test the validity of these arguments, this paper examines four key components of thepasserpoems, and thepasserdebates. Firstly, it determines the Roman cultural view of sparrows and whether they regarded the birds as pets, pests, or something else entirely. Secondly, it analyses Roman trends in bird-keeping and looks for other examples of petpasseresin art and literature. Thirdly, it considers actual bird behaviour to reveal whether a sparrow could act the way Catullus describes. Finally, it analyses the different potential meanings of the wordpasserto determine which birds fell under its descriptive umbrella. In this way we can judge whether thepasserwas indeed a sparrow while also determining the place of sparrows in Roman thought and pet-keeping culture.
Women's mental health in Mozambique: is maternity a protective factor?
Authors: Khan Saida , Scorza Pamela , Lovero Kathryn L. , dos Santos Palmira , Fumo Wilza , Camara Barbara , Oquendo Maria A. , Wainberg Milton L. , Fejo Marcelo , Duarte Cristiane S.
Published: February 2022

Backgroud

Globally, women have been shown to have high rates of common mental disorders (CMDs). In low and middle-income countries (LMICs), women face significant challenges related to maternity. However, no study has compared mental health problems among pregnant/post-partum women, childless women of childbearing age, and women with children in a low-income country. We sought to compare the frequency of CMD and suicide risk in a sample of women presenting or accompanying patients in primary care in two Mozambican semi-urban settings.

Methods

We administered the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview to 853 women, of whom 220 (25.8%) were pregnant/post-partum, 177 (20.8%) were non-pregnant and childless, and 456 (53.5%) were non-pregnant and with children more than 1-year-old. Logistic regression models compared the likelihood of a psychiatric disorder across groups, adjusting for sociodemographic and chronic-illness covariates.

Results

We found a high frequency of CMD and suicide risk among all women in this low-income context sample. In adjusted models, no differences in rates of depression, anxiety, or panic disorder were observed among groups. However, suicide risk was higher in women without children than pregnant/post-partum women.

Conclusion

The frequency of CMD among women of childbearing age in our study was higher than documented rates in high-income countries and other LMIC. Additionally, we found that motherhood was not protective and that pregnancy and the postpartum period were not stages of increased risk for most disorders. This highlights the need to expand mental health services not only for perinatal women but all women of childbearing age in this and possibly similar settings.
Leza, Sungu, and Samba: Digital Humanities and Early Bantu History
Authors: Fourshey Catherine Cymone , Gonzales Rhonda M. , Saidi Christine
Published: February 2022

In 2016, with the support of a three-year National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) Collaborative Research Grant to research and write a precolonial African history of family, generations, and gender, we began building the Bantu Ancestral Roots Database (BARD). BARD is a digital repository of word-roots related to gender and life stage practices from over sixty Bantu languages. We developed it to assist us in our analysis of this large corpus of data that we used to write histories of people’s material and ideological inventions that cover thelongue duréeacross multiple regions. BARD allows researchers with internet access to search for terms by entering at least three consecutive phonemes. If phonemes exist in that sequence in any of the 64 Bantu languages that BARD holds, those words and their meanings appear as results. In this article, we discuss the usefulness and complexities of Digital Humanities (DH) as research tools. We explain our methodology and research process using three reconstructed word-roots pertinent to our research on family and generations. The three word-roots we examine invite scholars to probe how to recover deep connections and linkages between people’s pasts in Africa and its Diasporas, particularly in ways that move beyond histories of the slave trade and enslavement. As we developed our open-access website African Social History and Data Across Bantu Matrilineal Communities (ASH-DABMC) and our database, BARD, we gained greater insight into the meanings encoded in our data even as we faced challenges. We hope the discussion of our experiences will provide an intellectual framework and inspire others considering digital projects.
Freedom Narratives: The West African Person as the Central Focus for a Digital Humanities Database
Authors: Delgado Érika Melek
Published: February 2022

This article discusses the methodology behind the development of new tools of research for African history that are a user-friendly source for public engagement. The focus is on biographical profiles of West African people during the era of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, which is an innovative approach to social history. The representation of enslaved Africans has typically been numbers recorded in logs and accounts compiled by slave merchants and captains. Freedom Narratives is an open-source relational database that reveals the people who constitute those numbers.
Remembering Durban’s “Grey Street Casbah and surrounding”: Creating Urban History through Digital Spaces
Authors: Hoyer Cacee
Published: February 2022

The “Grey Street Casbah and surrounding” is a closed Facebook group about the historically “Indian” neighborhood in downtown Durban, South Africa. It creates an informal archival repository and provides a new space to reify contemporary understandings of historical places within the Durban Central Business District. The informal nature of this space allows the layperson the ability to participate in historical inquiry and exhibits the diverse ways places in Durban are remembered and memorialized. In this paper, I argue the wealth of knowledge generated on informal online platforms, such as this Facebook group, should influence and inform historical interpretations of our urban pasts.
Editors’ Introduction: “The Future of the African Past”
Authors: Semley Lorelle , Barnes Teresa , Holsey Bayo , Uchendu Egodi
Published: February 2022

We signed on as the new editorial team of History in Africa (HIA) without knowing that we all sat on the precipice of tumultuous times. After over a year of the COVID-19 pandemic, global unrest calling for a reckoning on racial justice, and events that exposed the limits and fragility of democratic institutions, we are reminded of the importance of how people experience, remember, and chronicle the past. It is a weighty and fortuitous time to think about our craft as historians and how we develop methods for analyzing and revisiting sources. How do we want to highlight our unique approaches as historians of Africa, and how do we want to push our field of African history and our discipline of history, more broadly, in new directions? We salute and thank the previous team of HIA editors – Jan Jansen, Michel Doortmont, John Hanson, and Dmitri van den Bersselaar – for their excellent stewardship of the journal over many years.
Generation of acoustic tones in round jets at a Mach number of 0.9 impinging on a plate with and without a hole
Authors: Varé Mathieu , Bogey Christophe
Published: February 2022

The generation of acoustic tones in four round jets at a Mach number of 0.9 impinging on a plate at a distance

$L=6r_0$

from the nozzle exit, where

$r_0$

is the nozzle radius, has been investigated by large-eddy simulation. Three plates are perforated by holes of diameters

$h=2r_0$

,

$3r_0$

and

$4.4r_0$

, centred on the jet axis, whereas the fourth plate has no hole, in order to study the effects of the hole on the jet flow and acoustic fields. In all cases, acoustic tones emerge in the jet near field, upstream but also downstream of the plate for the perforated plates. Their frequencies are similar for all jets and close to those predicted for aeroacoustic feedback loops establishing between the nozzle and the plate, involving flow disturbances convected downstream and waves propagating upstream at the ambient speed of sound. Their levels, however, decrease with the hole diameter, by a few dB for

$h\leqslant 3r_0$

but approximately by 40 dB for

$h=4.4r_0$

. The features of the feedback loops are identified by computing two-dimensional space–time correlations and frequency–wavenumber spectra of the pressure fluctuations in the jet mixing layers. These loops are found to be closed by free-stream upstream-propagating guided jet waves, produced by the impingement of vortical structures on the plate for

$h\leqslant 3r_0$

and by the scattering of the jet aerodynamic pressure fluctuations by the hole edges for

$h=4.4r_0$

. Finally, an acoustic analogy is used to show that the contributions of the pressure fluctuations on the plate to the radiated noise are dominant.
On diffraction and oblique interactions of horizontally two-dimensional internal solitary waves
Authors: Yuan Chunxin , Wang Zhan
Published: February 2022

In the context of three-dimensional oceanic internal waves, taking topographic effects into account, a modified Benney–Luke equation is proposed for describing internal wave–wave interactions on a sloping bottom. The derived equation is characterised by isotropy and bi-directional propagation, which are absent in the widely used Kadomtsev–Petviashvili equation. Indeed, these disparities are confirmed by numerical results of the diffraction of a truncated internal solitary wave and the evolution of a partially bent solitary wave. However, a good agreement between the numerical results of the modified Benney–Luke equation and those of the primitive equations confirms the validity of our simplified model. Because the stratification in a realistic ocean environment is usually continuous, in contrast to the assumption of a sharp density discontinuity used here, to maintain the kinematical equivalence, a layering scheme for determining the density and thickness of each layer from a continuous stratification is proposed. In addition, the occasionally observed but rarely examined X-shaped internal wave–wave interactions are shown to feature novel wave patterns, where topographic effects modulate the propagation speed, amplitude and waveform.
Pressure-driven flow of the viscoelastic Oldroyd-B fluid in narrow non-uniform geometries: analytical results and comparison with simulations
Authors: Boyko Evgeniy , Stone Howard A.
Published: February 2022

We analyse the pressure-driven flow of the Oldroyd-B fluid in slowly varying arbitrarily shaped, narrow channels and present a theoretical framework for calculating the relationship between the flow rate

$q$

and pressure drop

$\Delta p$

. We first identify the characteristic scales and dimensionless parameters governing the flow in the lubrication limit. Employing a perturbation expansion in powers of the Deborah number (

$De$

), we provide analytical expressions for the velocity, stress and the

$q$

–

$\Delta p$

relation in the weakly viscoelastic limit up to

$O(De^2)$

. Furthermore, we exploit the reciprocal theorem derived by Boyko

$\&$

Stone (Phys. Rev. Fluids, vol. 6, 2021, L081301) to obtain the

$q$

–

$\Delta p$

relation at the next order,

$O(De^3)$

, using only the velocity and stress fields at the previous orders. We validate our analytical results with two-dimensional numerical simulations in the case of a hyperbolic, symmetric contracting channel and find excellent agreement. While the velocity remains approximately Newtonian in the weakly viscoelastic limit (i.e. the theorem of Tanner and Pipkin), we reveal that the pressure drop strongly depends on the viscoelastic effects and decreases with

$De$

. We elucidate the relative importance of different terms in the momentum equation contributing to the pressure drop along the symmetry line and identify that a pressure drop reduction for narrow contracting geometries is primarily due to gradients in the viscoelastic shear stresses. We further show that, although for narrow geometries the viscoelastic axial stresses are negligible along the symmetry line, they are comparable or larger than shear stresses in the rest of the domain.
Rayleigh–Bénard flow for a Carreau fluid in a parallelepiped cavity
Authors: Henry D. , Millet S. , Dagois-Bohy S. , Botton V. , Ben Hadid H.
Published: February 2022

A continuation method is used to study Rayleigh–Bénard convection in a non-Newtonian fluid inside a parallelepiped cavity. The cavity has its length equal to twice the side of the square cross-section. Shear-thinning and shear-thickening Carreau fluids are considered. The focus is put on the two stable branches which exist in the Newtonian case, a stable primary branch of transverse rolls

$B_1$

and a primary branch of longitudinal roll

$B_2$

, stabilized beyond a secondary bifurcation point

$S_2$

. Although the primary bifurcation points are unchanged, the non-Newtonian properties strongly modify the bifurcation diagram. Indeed, for a shear-thinning fluid, the stable solutions can exist at much smaller Rayleigh numbers

${Ra}$

, on subcritical branches beyond saddle-node points

$SN_1$

and

$SN_2$

, and small perturbations can be sufficient to reach them. In agreement with Bouteraa et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 767, 2015, pp. 696–734), the change of the primary bifurcations from supercritical to subcritical occurs at given values of what they define as the degree of shear-thinning parameter

$\alpha$

. Moreover, the value of the Rayleigh number at the saddle-node points can be approximated by a simple expression, as proposed by Jenny et al. (J. Non-Newtonian Fluid Mech., vol. 219, 2015, pp. 19–34). In the case of a shear-thickening fluid, the branches remain supercritical, but the secondary point

$S_2$

is strongly moved towards larger

${Ra}$

, making it more difficult to reach the longitudinal roll solution. Energy analyses at the bifurcations

$SN_1$

,

$SN_2$

and

$S_2$

show that the changes of the corresponding critical thresholds

${Ra}_c$

are connected with the changes of the viscous properties, but also with changes of the buoyancy effect.
Stationary internal hydraulic jumps
Authors: Lawrence Gregory A. , Armi Laurence
Published: February 2022

This is a theoretical and laboratory study of stationary internal hydraulic jumps. These jumps are rapid transitions between internally supercritical flow, generated by placing a sill on the bed of a horizontal rectangular channel, and internally subcritical flow, generated by installing a downstream contraction. This contraction generates an approximately uniform flow downstream of the jump; thus mimicking barotropically driven two-layer flows, as found in tidally driven flows over underwater sills, and flows over mountain ranges driven by large-scale pressure gradients. Upstream of the jump a train of Kelvin–Helmholtz billows forms on the interface between the layers. Upper layer fluid is entrained into these billows, which are subsequently advected into the lower portion of the jump. These billows are broken down by the turbulence of the jump, and the entrained upper layer fluid is mixed with lower layer fluid. Downstream of the jump the upper layer remains homogeneous, the density step at the interface is weakened, the upper portion of the lower layer is approximately linearly stratified, and the lower portion of the lower layer is undisturbed. This altered density profile is the downstream conjugate state of the jump. When the contraction is narrowed the jump moves upstream and ‘drowns’ part of the train of billows, reducing the amount of entrainment. Thus, while the jump is responsible for mixing fluid from the upper layer into the lower layer, it is the position of the jump relative to the upstream train of billows that determines the amount of entrainment.
Comparison of the feeding behaviour of primiparous and multiparous Jersey and Holstein cows kept under equal conditions throughout lactation
Authors: Gündel Sandra , Munksgaard Lene , Looft Christian , Foldager Leslie
Published: February 2022

The objective of the study was to describe the feeding behaviour of primiparous and multiparous Jersey cows compared to Holstein cows housed in separate groups in the same barn. Such information could help farmers to optimise management with respect to welfare and production. Yet, it remains limited for Jersey cows over the entire period of lactation. Feeding data of 116 Danish Jersey (mean parity 2.14 ± 1.32) and 218 Danish Holstein cows (mean parity 1.90 ± 1.16) were assessed using automatic feeders from day 15 to 252 of lactation. Total eating duration, duration of eating per visit, intervals between meals, number of visits per day and the eating rate were analysed using linear mixed effects models. The cows were kept in a loose-housing system, with cubicles and automatic milking robots, and the group composition was dynamic. Compared to Holstein cows, Jersey cows visited the feeder significantly more often with shorter between meal intervals. However, the visit duration and total daily eating time and eating rates were significantly shorter for Jersey cows. There was no difference between breeds in the daily eating time and eating rate of older cows. Younger Jersey cows had significantly lower eating rates than older Jersey cows. No other difference in parity was found within Jersey cows. Weeks in milk significantly affected the eating time per day, number of visits per day and eating rate. The trajectories of outcome variables during lactation did not differ between the two breeds. In conclusion, we found substantial differences in the feeding behaviour of Jersey and Holstein cows, however, these differences could also be related to a group effect.
Imperial diplomacy: the French Montigny Mission of 1856–57
Authors: Lockhart Bruce M.
Published: February 2022

In 1856–7 the French diplomat Charles de Montigny visited the three countries of Siam, Cambodia and Vietnam, hoping to establish some form of formal relations with all three. While he was able to sign a full diplomatic and commercial treaty in Bangkok, his negotiations with the Cambodian and Vietnamese rulers were largely fruitless. Even so, Montigny's visit prepared the ground for future French intervention and can be considered as the beginning of French implantation in Southeast Asia. Yet this article argues that his mission must be understood not as an episode of “gunboat diplomacy” resulting in “unequal treaties”, but rather as an example of largely non-coercive diplomacy occurring within an imperial framework.
ZERO-CYCLES ON NORMAL PROJECTIVE VARIETIES
Authors: Ghosh Mainak , Krishna Amalendu
Published: February 2022

We prove an extension of the Kato–Saito unramified class field theory for smooth projective schemes over a finite field to a class of normal projective schemes. As an application, we obtain Bloch’s formula for the Chow groups of
$0$
-cycles on such schemes. We identify the Chow group of
$0$
-cycles on a normal projective scheme over an algebraically closed field to the Suslin homology of its regular locus. Our final result is a Roitman torsion theorem for smooth quasiprojective schemes over algebraically closed fields. This completes the missing p-part in the torsion theorem of Spieß and Szamuely.
Seasonality of Interbasin SST Contributions to Atlantic Tropical Cyclone Activity
Authors: West Robert , Lopez Hosmay , Lee Sang‐Ki , Mercer Andrew E. , Kim Dongmin , Foltz Gregory R. , Balaguru Karthik
Published: February 2022

Recent studies have demonstrated that the difference in sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) between the tropical Atlantic main development region (MDR) and the tropical Pacific (Niño 3) modulates Atlantic tropical cyclone activity. This study further explores the seasonality of Pacific and Atlantic contributions to Atlantic hurricane activity. Our analysis shows that while MDR and Niño 3 SSTAs are equally important for late‐season (September–November) activity, early‐season (June‐August) activity is largely modulated by MDR SSTAs. This reflects the increased (reduced) variance of MDR (Niño 3) SSTAs in the early‐season due to their phase locking to the seasonal cycle. Further analysis yields skillful forecasts using an MDR‐Niño 3 interbasin index derived from hindcasts of the North American Multi‐Model Ensemble with May initial conditions. However, the prediction skill for MDR SSTAs is lower than that of Niño 3 SSTAs, suggesting that increasing the prediction skill for MDR SSTAs is key to improving seasonal outlooks.
RETRACTED: Rapid Acidification of the Arctic Chukchi Sea Waters Driven by Anthropogenic Forcing and Biological Carbon Recycling
Authors: Qi Di , Wu Yingxu , Chen Liqi , Cai Wei‐Jun , Ouyang Zhangxian , Zhang Yixing , Anderson Leif G. , Feely Richard A. , Zhuang Yanpei , Lin Hongmei , Lei Ruibo , Bi Haibo
Published: February 2022

The acidification of coastal waters is distinguished from the open ocean because of much stronger synergistic effects between anthropogenic forcing and local biogeochemical processes. However, ocean acidification research is still rather limited in polar coastal oceans. Here, we present a 17‐year (2002–2019) observational data set in the Chukchi Sea to determine the long‐term changes in pH and aragonite saturation state (Ωarag). We found that pH and Ωarag declined in different water masses with average rates of −0.0047 ± 0.0026 years−1 and −0.017 ± 0.009 years−1, respectively, and are ∼2–3 times faster than those solely due to increasing atmospheric CO2. We attributed the rapid acidification to the increased dissolved inorganic carbon owing to a combination of ice melt‐induced increased atmospheric CO2 invasion and subsurface remineralization induced by a stronger surface biological production as a result of the increased inflow of the nutrient‐rich Pacific water.
Transience of Riparian Freshwater Lenses
Authors: Jazayeri Amir , Werner Adrian D. , Irvine Dylan J.
Published: February 2022

The current theory for defining the occurrence of riparian lenses (i.e., buoyant, lenticular‐shaped fresh groundwater bodies overlying saline groundwater in riparian zones) is largely based on steady‐state analyses, which neglect the transient dynamics expected in real‐world settings. In this study, the transience of riparian lens movement is investigated for the first time, considering a fully penetrating, gaining river (i.e., the river receives groundwater influxes), and rapid variations in hydraulic boundary conditions. Controlled laboratory experiments and numerical modeling are used to determine the timescales associated with lens movements. Both numerical and experimental timescales show asymmetric behavior in the growth and decline of lenses, whereby growing lenses involve longer timescales than those of shrinking lenses. Inverse relationships between timescales and final hydraulic gradients are observed, such that higher final hydraulic gradients involved shorter timescales. Results also revealed a time lag in the movement of the lens tip (i.e., where the lens and water table intersect) relative to the lens toe (i.e., intersection of the lens with the riverbank). Riparian lenses have near‐identical timescales regardless of whether the river water or aquifer hydraulic head varies, and rather, timescales are more sensitive to the final hydraulic gradient. Application of typical parameter ranges for the River Murray (South Australia) floodplains reveals timescales of years to more than a decade to expand the riparian lens by tens of meters. Insights into riparian lenses transience attained from the current study build on the understanding of transience obtained for other mixed‐convective hydrogeological processes, such as seawater intrusion and retreat.
Gas fiber lasers may represent a breakthrough in creating powerful radiation sources in the mid-IR
Authors: Pryamikov Andrey
Published: February 2022

Continuous wave fiber laser created on the basis of silica glass negative curvature hollow core fiber filled with HBr make it possible to obtain efficient narrow linewidth mid-IR emission with a maximum laser power of about 500 mW at wavelength of 4200 nm. It is for the first time that emission from a continuous wave fiber laser have been achieved at a wavelength of 4496 nm with the largest tuning range of 686 nm.
Adenoma characteristics associated with post-polypectomy proximal colon cancer incidence: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Harewood Rhea , Wooldrage Kate , Robbins Emma C. , Kinross James , von Wagner Christian , Cross Amanda J.
Published: February 2022

Background

Colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is less effective at reducing cancer incidence in the proximal colon compared to the distal colorectum. We aimed to identify adenoma characteristics associated with proximal colon cancer (PCC).

Methods

Endoscopy and pathology data for patients with ≥1 adenoma detected at baseline colonoscopy were obtained from 17 UK hospitals between 2001 and 2010. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for PCC, and, for comparison, distal CRC incidence, by adenoma characteristics.

Results

Among 18,431 patients, 152 and 105 developed PCC and distal CRC, respectively, over a median follow-up of 9.8 years. Baseline adenoma characteristics positively associated with PCC incidence included number (≥3 vs. < 3: aHR 2.10, 95% CI: 1.42–3.09), histology (tubulovillous/villous vs. tubular: aHR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.10–2.35) and location (any proximal vs. distal only: aHR 1.70, 95% CI: 1.20–2.42), for which there was borderline evidence of heterogeneity by subsite (p = 0.055). Adenoma dysplasia (high vs. low grade) was associated with distal CRC (aHR 2.42, 95% CI: 1.44–4.04), but not PCC (p-heterogeneity = 0.023).

Conclusions

Baseline adenoma number, histology and proximal location were independently associated with PCC and may be important to identify patients at higher risk for post-polypectomy PCC.
Socio-economic inequalities in cancer survival: how do they translate into Number of Life-Years Lost?
Authors: Exarchakou Aimilia , Kipourou Dimitra-Kleio , Belot Aurélien , Rachet Bernard
Published: February 2022

Background

We aimed to investigate the impact of socio-economic inequalities in cancer survival in England on the Number of Life-Years Lost (NLYL) due to cancer.

Methods

We analysed 1.2 million patients diagnosed with one of the 23 most common cancers (92.3% of all incident cancers in England) between 2010 and 2014. Socio-economic deprivation of patients was based on the income domain of the English Index of Deprivation. We estimated the NLYL due to cancer within 3 years since diagnosis for each cancer and stratified by sex, age and deprivation, using a non-parametric approach. The relative survival framework enables us to disentangle death from cancer and death from other causes without the information on the cause of death.

Results

The largest socio-economic inequalities were seen mostly in adults <45 years with poor-prognosis cancers. In this age group, the most deprived patients with lung, pancreatic and oesophageal cancer lost up to 6 additional months within 3 years since diagnosis than the least deprived. For most moderate/good prognosis cancers, the socio-economic inequalities widened with age.

Conclusions

More deprived patients and particularly the young with more lethal cancers, lose systematically more life-years than the less deprived. To reduce these inequalities, cancer policies should systematically encompass the inequities component.
Droplet-based screening of phosphate transfer catalysis reveals how epistasis shapes MAP kinase interactions with substrates
Authors: Scheele Remkes A. , Lindenburg Laurens H. , Petek Maya , Schober Markus , Dalby Kevin N. , Hollfelder Florian
Published: February 2022

The combination of ultrahigh-throughput screening and sequencing informs on function and intragenic epistasis within combinatorial protein mutant libraries. Establishing a droplet-based, in vitro compartmentalised approach for robust expression and screening of protein kinase cascades (>107 variants/day) allowed us to dissect the intrinsic molecular features of the MKK-ERK signalling pathway, without interference from endogenous cellular components. In a six-residue combinatorial library of the MKK1 docking domain, we identified 29,563 sequence permutations that allow MKK1 to efficiently phosphorylate and activate its downstream target kinase ERK2. A flexibly placed hydrophobic sequence motif emerges which is defined by higher order epistatic interactions between six residues, suggesting synergy that enables high connectivity in the sequence landscape. Through positive epistasis, MKK1 maintains function during mutagenesis, establishing the importance of co-dependent residues in mammalian protein kinase-substrate interactions, and creating a scenario for the evolution of diverse human signalling networks.
Rhizosphere bacteriome structure and functions
Authors: Ling Ning , Wang Tingting , Kuzyakov Yakov
Published: February 2022

Microbial composition and functions in the rhizosphere—an important microbial hotspot—are among the most fascinating yet elusive topics in microbial ecology. We used 557 pairs of published 16S rDNA amplicon sequences from the bulk soils and rhizosphere in different ecosystems around the world to generalize bacterial characteristics with respect to community diversity, composition, and functions. The rhizosphere selects microorganisms from bulk soil to function as a seed bank, reducing microbial diversity. The rhizosphere is enriched in Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, and other copiotrophs. Highly modular but unstable bacterial networks in the rhizosphere (common for r-strategists) reflect the interactions and adaptations of microorganisms to dynamic conditions. Dormancy strategies in the rhizosphere are dominated by toxin–antitoxin systems, while sporulation is common in bulk soils. Functional predictions showed that genes involved in organic compound conversion, nitrogen fixation, and denitrification were strongly enriched in the rhizosphere (11–182%), while genes involved in nitrification were strongly depleted.
Small RNA pathways in the nematode Ascaris in the absence of piRNAs
Authors: Zagoskin Maxim V. , Wang Jianbin , Neff Ashley T. , Veronezi Giovana M. B. , Davis Richard E.
Published: February 2022

Small RNA pathways play key and diverse regulatory roles inC. elegans, but our understanding of their conservation and contributions in other nematodes is limited. We analyzed small RNA pathways in the divergent parasitic nematodeAscaris. Ascarishas ten Argonautes with five worm-specific Argonautes (WAGOs) that associate with secondary 5’-triphosphate 22-24G-RNAs. These small RNAs target repetitive sequences or mature mRNAs and are similar to theC. elegansmutator, nuclear, and CSR-1 small RNA pathways. Even in the absence of a piRNA pathway,AscarisCSR-1 may still function to “license” as well as fine-tune or repress gene expression.AscarisALG-4 and its associated 26G-RNAs target and likely repress specific mRNAs during testis meiosis.AscarisWAGO small RNAs demonstrate target plasticity changing their targets between repeats and mRNAs during development. We provide a unique and comprehensive view of mRNA and small RNA expression throughout spermatogenesis. Overall, our study illustrates the conservation, divergence, dynamics, and flexibility of small RNA pathways in nematodes.
Privacy preserving dynamic data release against synonymous linkage based on microaggregation
Authors: Yan Yan , Eyeleko Anselme Herman , Mahmood Adnan , Li Jing , Dong Zhuoyue , Xu Fei
Published: February 2022

The rapid development of the mobile Internet coupled with the widespread use of intelligent terminals have intensified the digitization of personal information and accelerated the evolution of the era of big data. The sharing and publishing of various big data brings convenience and also increases the risk of personal privacy leakage. In order to reduce users’ privacy leakage that may be caused by data release, many privacy preserving data publishing methods have been proposed by scientists in both academia and industry in the recent years. However, non-numerical sensitive information has natural semantic relevance, and therefore, synonymous linkages may still exist and cause serious privacy disclosures in privacy protection methods based on an anonymous model. To address this issue, this paper proposes a privacy preserving dynamic data publishing method based on microaggregation. A series of indicators are accordingly designed to evaluate the synonymous linkages between the non-numerical sensitive values which in turn facilitate in improving the clustering effect of the microaggregation anonymous method. The dynamic update program is introduced into the proposed microaggregation method to realize the dynamic release and update of data. Experimental analysis suggests that the proposed method provides better privacy protection effect and availability of published data in contrast to the state-of-the-art methods.
Cryogenic technology for infrared detection in space
Authors: Han Yinan , Zhang Ankuo
Published: February 2022

Cryogenic technology has been developed cooperatively with infrared detection technology, which is of great significance for the development of space science and technology. To illustrate this coordinated development, the relationships between the infrared wavelength and the dark current in detectors with cryogenic temperature are analyzed, which shows the importance of cryogenic technology for infrared detection. Based on an analysis of infrared detection characteristics and cryogenic temperature requirements in different temperature zones, the development direction of cryogenic technology for infrared detection in space is analyzed and combined with the application of cryogenic technology in several key infrared space missions.
Exploring rise of pregnancy in Bangladesh resulting from contraceptive failure
Authors: Khan Md Nuruzzaman , Islam M Mofizul
Published: February 2022

The objective of this study was to determine how changes in pre-pregnancy contraceptive methods used between 2011 and 2017/18 contributed to the changes in pregnancy resulting from contraceptive methods failure in Bangladesh. We used 2011 and 2017/18 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey data. Pre-pregnancy contraceptive methods failure was our outcome of interest, which was determined using women’s response about whether they became pregnant while using contraceptives before the most recent pregnancy. The year of the survey was the main explanatory variable. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the characteristics of the respondents. The difference in contraceptive methods failure across the socio-demographic characteristics was assessed by Chi-squared test. Multilevel poison regressions were used to determine the changes in the prevalence ratio of contraceptive methods failure across the survey years. Contraceptive methods failure rate increased between the surveys, from 22.8% in 2011 to 27.3% in 2017/18. Also, male condom use increased by 2.8%, while withdrawal/periodic abstinence and/or other methods decreased by 2.9%. The failure rates in these two categories of contraceptive methods increased substantially by 4.0% and 9.0%, respectively. Compared to the 2011 survey, the prevalence ratio (PR) of contraceptive methods failure was 20% (PR 1.2, 95% CI 1.1–1.3) high in the 2017/18 survey. This PR declined 13% (PR 1.1, 95% CI 1.04–1.2) once the model was adjusted for women’s and their partner’s characteristics along with the last contraceptives used. This study provides evidence of increasing rates of pregnancy due to contraceptive failure in Bangladesh. Given that this type of pregnancy is known to cause adverse pregnancy outcomes, including abortion, pregnancy complications, maternal and early child morbidity and mortality, policy and programs are needed to reduce its prevalence. Effective coordination between the contraception providers at the healthcare facilities and the households and a proactive role of family planning workers to make couples aware of the effective use of contraceptives are recommended.
Fluorescence immunoassay for the targeted determination of traceListeria monocytogenesbased on immunomagnetic separation and CdZnTe quantum dot indication
Authors: Liang Shan , Ji Li , Zhong Yingying , Wang Tiantian , Yang Huiyi , Li Qing-Lan , Li Xiangguang , Zhao Suqing
Published: February 2022

An immunosensor is reported for the detection ofL. monocytogeneswith a low limit of detection and excellent anti-interference performance toward biological matrices.
Characterization of DNA nanostructure stability by size exclusion chromatography
Authors: Langlois Nicole I. , Clark Heather A.
Published: February 2022

Size exclusion chromatography is a powerful tool to enable systematic quantification of matrix-specific degradation effects on a DNA nanostructure.
Chiral pillar[5]arene-functionalized silica microspheres: synthesis, characterization and enantiomer separation
Authors: Shi Chengxiang , Li Hui , Shi Xiaofeng , Zhao Liang , Qiu Hongdeng
Published: February 2022

Chiral pillar[5]arene-functionalized silica microspheres were prepared and characterized for the first time as a new kind of chiral stationary phase.
Enhanced ammonia synthesis activity of Ru-supported cerium–lanthanum oxide induced by Ti substitution forming mesopores
Authors: Goto Yoshihiro , Kikugawa Masashi , Kobayashi Keisuke , Nanba Tetsuya , Matsumoto Hideyuki , Yamazaki Kiyoshi , Matsumoto Mitsuru , Imagawa Haruo
Published: February 2022

Ru/Ce0.5La0.5−xTixO1.75+0.5x solid solutions with high Ce4+ reducibility and a large number of mesopores were synthesized and their ammonia synthesis activity was investigated.
Collagen – a newly discovered major player in protein corona formation on nanoparticles
Authors: Upreti Tushar , Wolfe Kathryn M. , Van Bavel Nicolas , Anikovskiy Max , Labouta Hagar I.
Published: February 2022

Spectroscopic investigation of protein corona on gold nanoparticles reveals largely different affinities of the plasma protein albumin and the extravascular protein collagen resulting in dynamic exchange of the proteins upon sequential exposure.
Structural properties of supercooled deep eutectic solvents: choline chloride–thiourea compared to reline
Authors: Golysheva Elena A. , Maslennikova Natalya A. , Baranov Denis S. , Dzuba Sergei A.
Published: February 2022

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are eutectic mixtures of hydrogen bond acceptors and hydrogen bond donors which melt at much lower temperatures than the individual components.
Synthesis, physicochemical characterization and neuroprotective evaluation of novel 1-hydroxypyrazin-2(1H)-one iron chelators in an in vitro cell model of Parkinson's disease
Authors: Lewis Frank W. , Bird Kathleen , Navarro Jean-Philippe , El Fallah Rawa , Brandel Jeremy , Hubscher-Bruder Véronique , Tsatsanis Andrew , Duce James A. , Tétard David , Bourne Samuel , Maina Mahmoud , Pienaar Ilse S.
Published: February 2022

We report that novel 1-hydroxypyazin-2(1H)-ones show comparable neuroprotective effects to related iron chelators in a cell culture model of Parkinson's disease, despite significant differences in their physicochemical properties.
Enabling methanol oxidation by an interacting hybrid nanosystem of spinel Co3O4 nanoparticle decorated MXenes
Authors: Baruah Kashmiri , Deb Pritam
Published: February 2022

Abundant redox sites at surfaces and interfaces, Lewis acid–base interactions between Co3O4 nanoparticles and –OH hydrophilic terminations of MXene nanosheets lead to efficient methanol oxidation of the catalysts developed.
A2P2S6 (A = Ba and Pb): a good platform to study the polymorph effect and lone pair effect to form an acentric structure
Authors: Ji Bingheng , Sarkar Arka , Wu Kui , Swindle Andrew , Wang Jian
Published: February 2022

The A2P2S6 (A = Ba and Pb) system provides a good platform to study how the polymorph effect and lone pair effect influence an acentric structure.
Feasibility of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy as a direct raw bile analysis tool for screening of gallbladder cancer
Authors: Eum Changhwan , Park Jeong , Kumar Sandeep , Jang Eunjin , Lee Yonghoon , Nam Sang-Ho , Choi Dongho , Chung Hoeil
Published: February 2022

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) was explored for the first time for discrimination of gallbladder (GB) polyp and GB cancer (GBC) by direct measurement of raw bile juice without pretreatment.
Fluidic circuit board with modular sensor and valves enables stand-alone, tubeless microfluidic flow control in organs-on-chips
Authors: Vivas Aisen , van den Berg Albert , Passier Robert , Odijk Mathieu , van der Meer Andries D.
Published: February 2022

Translational Organ-on-Chip Platform (TOP) is a multi-institutional effort to develop an open platform for automated organ-on-chip culture that actively facilitates the integration of components from various developers.
Flexible alternating current electroluminescent devices integrated with high voltage triboelectric nanogenerators
Authors: Zhang Shaochun , Qu Changming , Xiao Yu , Liu Hanyun , Song Guofeng , Xu Yun
Published: February 2022

Self-powered flexible ACEL devices could be powered by high output voltage TENG, which introduced crumpled microstructures on the surface. The TENG-ACEL system has significant potential for wearable displays and self-powered monitoring systems.
Computational discoveries of reaction mechanisms: recent highlights and emerging challenges
Authors: Chin Yuk Ping , See Nicholas W. , Jenkins Ian D. , Krenske Elizabeth H.
Published: February 2022

This review surveys the ways in which theoretical calculations have uncovered new insights into reaction mechanisms, illustrated by examples from three distinct fields of organic chemistry.
Streamlined concept towards spatially resolved photoactivation of dynamic transesterification in vitrimeric polymers by applying thermally stable photolatent bases
Authors: Reisinger David , Dietliker Kurt , Sangermano Marco , Schlögl Sandra
Published: February 2022

Photolatent base catalysts exhibiting ideal structural properties for the straightforward manufacturing of thiol–epoxy vitrimers equipped with spatially resolved dynamic properties.
Phosphine-catalyzed divergent domino processes between γ-substituted allenoates and carbonyl-activated alkenes
Authors: Wu Mingyue , Han Zhaobin , Ni Huanzhen , Wang Nengzhong , Ding Kuiling , Lu Yixin
Published: February 2022

Highly enantioselective and chemodivergent domino reactions between γ-substituted allenoates and activated alkenes have been developed.
The effective taste masking of alkaloids by a water-soluble terphen[3]arene
Authors: Chen Junyi , Chen Longming , Zhang Yahan , Zhao Liang , Dong Ming , Meng Zhao , Meng Qingbin , Li Chunju
Published: February 2022

The synthesis of the first water-soluble 2,2′′,4,4′′-terphen[3]arene bearing sulphonatopropoxy moieties (STP3) and its effective alleviation of aversive responses to alkaloids in vitro and in vivo, via the formation of supramolecular complexes, have been described.
Orbital-dependent photodynamics of strongly correlated nickel oxide clusters
Authors: Garcia Jacob M. , Sayres Scott G.
Published: February 2022

The atomic precision and tunability of nickel oxide clusters exhibits a reliance on orbital contributions to photoexcited lifetimes. Oxygen vacancies enable Ni-3d → Ni-4s and 3d → 4p excitations, allowing the formation of long-lived (>2.5 ps) states.
The coordination chemistry of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene with paramagnetic transition and lanthanide metal ions: an Edinburgh Perspective
Authors: Wilson Lucinda R. B. , Coletta Marco , Evangelisiti Marco , Piligkos Stergios , Dalgarno Scott J. , Brechin Euan K.
Published: February 2022

The wonderfully varied coordination chemistry of p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene with paramagnetic transition and lanthanide metal ions is reviewed, focussing on the polymetallic clusters made in Edinburgh.
Diosmium compounds containing bis(imidazole)-p-quinone bridging ligands
Authors: Dhara Suman , Ansari Mohd. Asif , Schwederski Brigitte , Filippou Vasileios , Kaim Wolfgang , Lahiri Goutam Kumar
Published: February 2022

Isomeric [12+] and [22+] and the analogous [32+] exhibit comparable metal-based oxidation, however, they display different bpy or quinone based first reduction processes, respectively.
MOF-derived hierarchical core–shell hollow Co3S4@NiCo2O4 nanosheet arrays for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Tian Ye , Xue Zhigao , Zhao Qingqing , Guo Jie , Tao Kai , Han Lei
Published: February 2022

Hierarchical core–shell hollow Co3S4@NiCo2O4 nanosheet arrays have been constructed through a MOF-engaged strategy, and they exhibit significantly boosted electrochemical performance.
Ultratrace determination of arsenic by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry with preconcentration on gold nanoparticles
Authors: Fernandes de Oliveira Aline , Svoboda Milan , Benada Oldřich , Kratzer Jan
Published: February 2022

A fast and simple preconcentration step was developed for ultratrace arsenic determination after hydride generation.