bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Recent Applications and Future Trends of Nanostructured Thin Films-Based Gas Sensors Produced by Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Moura Pedro Catalão , Sério Susana
Published: September 2024

The field of gas sensors has been developing for the last year due to the necessity of characterizing compounds and, in particular, volatile organic compounds whose detection can be of special interest in a vast range of applications that extend from clinical evaluation to environmental monitoring. Among all the potential techniques to develop sensors, magnetron sputtering has emerged as one of the most suitable methodologies for the production of large-scale uniform coatings, with high packing density and strong adhesion to the substrate at relatively low substrate temperatures. Furthermore, it presents elevated deposition rates, allows the growth of thin films with high purity, permits a precise control of film thickness, enables the simple manufacturing of sensors with low power consumption and, consequently, low costs involved in the production. This work reviewed all the current applications of gas sensors developed through magnetron sputtering in the field of VOCs assessment by gathering the most relevant scientific works published. A total of 10 compounds were considered for this work. Additionally, 13 other compounds were identified as promising targets and classified as future trends in this field. Overall, this work summarizes the state-of-the-art in the field of gas sensors developed by magnetron sputtering technology, allowing the scientific community to take a step forward in this field and explore new research areas.
Polyacetylene Prepared by Chemical Dehydration of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol)
Authors: Carotenuto Gianfranco , Nicolais Luigi
Published: September 2024

Recently, polyacetylene (PA) has been receiving renewed scientific attention due to its electrical properties, potentially useful for energy applications (e.g., fabrication of electrodes for rechargeable batteries and supercapacitors), and unique functional characteristics (e.g., gas trap, oxygen scavenger, EMI shielding, etc.). This chemical compound can be obtained in the form of polyacetylene–PVOH copolymers simply through the chemical dehydration of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH), which is a very common type of polymer, widely used in packaging and other technological areas. This very inexpensive chemical reaction for the large-scale synthesis of PA/polyvinylenes is investigated by reacting PVOH with sulfuric acid at room temperature. In this process, PVOH, shaped in the form of a film, is dipped in sulfuric acid (i.e., H2SO4 at 95%–97%) and, after complete chemical dehydration, it is mechanically removed from the liquid phase by using a nylon sieve. The reduction process leads to a substantial PVOH film conversion into PA, as demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy (ATR mode). Indeed, the ATR spectrum of the reaction product includes all the characteristic absorption bands of PA. The reaction product is also characterized through the use of UV–Vis spectroscopy in order to evidence the presence in the structure of conjugated carbon–carbon double bonds of various lengths. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis are used to investigate the PA solid-state cis–trans isomerization and thermal stability in air and nitrogen, respectively. XRD is used to verify the polymer amorphous nature.
Supramolecular Arrangement and Conformational and Dynamic Properties of Chiral Smectic Liquid Crystals Obtained through Nuclear Magnetic Resonance: A Brief Review
Authors: Domenici Valentina
Published: September 2024

Ferroelectric and antiferroelectric smectic liquid crystalline (LC) phases are still at the center of investigations and interests for both their fundamental properties and variety of technological applications. This review aims to report the main contributions based on different nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques to the study of chiral liquid crystalline calamitic mesogens forming smectic phases, such as the SmA, the SmC* (ferroelectric), and the SmC*A (antiferroelectric) phases. 2H NMR and 13C NMR techniques and their combination were of help in clarifying the local orientational properties (i.e., the molecular and fragments’ main orientational order parameters) at the transition between the SmA and the SmC* phases, and in the particular case of de Vries liquid crystals, NMR studies gave important clues regarding the actual models describing the molecular arrangement in these two phases formed by de Vries LCs. Moreover, this review describes how the combination of 2H NMR relaxation times’ analysis, 1H NMR relaxometry, and 1H NMR diffusometry was successfully applied to the study of chiral smectogens forming the SmC* and SmC*A phases, with the determination of relevant parameters describing both rotational molecular and internal motions, collective dynamics, and translational self-diffusion motions. Several cases will be reported concerning NMR investigations of chiral ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases, underlining the great potential of combined NMR approaches to the study of supramolecular, conformational, and dynamic properties of liquid crystals.
Optical Coherence Tomography as a Diagnosis-Assisted Tool for Guiding the Treatment of Melasma: A Case Series Study
Authors: Yang Chin-Yi , Lin Ja-Hon , Chen Chien-Ming
Published: September 2024

Background/Objectives: Multiple underlying pathomechanisms may lead to melasma, but there has been no report on the use of optical coherence tomography (OCT) to reveal specific pathomechanisms in individual patients and provide individualized treatments accordingly. Using real-time OCT images, we studied the pathomechanisms of melasma in 12 female patients and the effects of individualized treatments. Methods: Patients were divided into good and bad improved groups according to the improvement in hyperpigmentation at month 4. Results: In the bad improved group, all melanin or confetti melanin had significantly decreased at month 2 or month 4 while granular melanin ratio at month or month 4 significantly increased, the most parameters of dendritic-sharped cells (DCs) before and after treatment were not significantly different, the collagen area or collagen density at month 4 significantly decreased. In the good improved group, there was slightly low all melanin/confetti melanin at month 4 and high granular melanin at month 4 in comparison to the bad improved group. Moreover, most of the parameters in the DCs at month 4 significantly increased while most parameters in collagen at month 4 significantly decreased. Conclusions: OCT is useful in revealing the involved pathomechanisms of melasma in individualized patients. Positive treatment results can be achieved through individualized therapy regimen targeting the pathomechanisms.
The Effectiveness of Ultrasound-Guided Infiltrations Combined with Early Rehabilitation in the Management of Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Donati Danilo , Vita Fabio , Amoruso Vincenza , Origlio Flavio , Tedeschi Roberto , Castagnini Francesco , Stella Salvatore Massimo , Miceli Marco , Faldini Cesare , Galletti Stefano
Published: September 2024

Background and Aims: Low back pain is a prevalent condition affecting 60–85% of individuals during their lifetime. Despite various proposed mechanisms, the etiology of low back pain remains unclear. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of combining ultrasound-guided infiltrations with early rehabilitation in reducing pain and improving functional limitations in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted, reviewing data from January to April 2024 involving 40 patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Each patient received two cycles of ultrasound-guided lidocaine and corticosteroid infiltrations at the level of the posterior lower iliac spine, followed by 10 rehabilitation sessions. Patients were assessed at baseline (T0), after the first treatment cycle (T1), and after the second cycle (T2) using the Oswestry Disability Index, Quebec Back Pain Disability Scale, Roland Disability Questionnaire, and Numeric Rating Scale. Results: Significant improvements were observed across all assessment scales. The ODI scores decreased from 33.5 at baseline to 3.5 after treatment (p < 0.001). Similar reductions were noted in the QBPDS (from 61.5 to 10.3), RDQ (from 18 to 3.4), and NRS (from 7.4 to 1.3). The combination of ultrasound-guided infiltrations and early rehabilitation resulted in a significant reduction in pain and disability, with the most notable improvements occurring after the second treatment cycle. Conclusions: The integration of ultrasound-guided infiltrations with early rehabilitation is highly effective in managing chronic nonspecific low back pain, significantly reducing both pain and functional limitations.
Estimating Treatment Effects Using Observational Data and Experimental Data with Non-Overlapping Support
Authors: Han Kevin , Wu Han , Wu Linjia , Shi Yu , Liu Canyao
Published: September 2024

When estimating treatment effects, the gold standard is to conduct a randomized experiment and then contrast outcomes associated with the treatment group and the control group. However, in many cases, randomized experiments are either conducted with a much smaller scale compared to the size of the target population or accompanied with certain ethical issues and thus hard to implement. Therefore, researchers usually rely on observational data to study causal connections. The downside is that the unconfoundedness assumption, which is the key to validating the use of observational data, is untestable and almost always violated. Hence, any conclusion drawn from observational data should be further analyzed with great care. Given the richness of observational data and usefulness of experimental data, researchers hope to develop credible methods to combine the strength of the two. In this paper, we consider a setting where the observational data contain the outcome of interest as well as a surrogate outcome, while the experimental data contain only the surrogate outcome. We propose an easy-to-implement estimator to estimate the average treatment effect of interest using both the observational data and the experimental data.
Transforming Islamic Education through Lesson Study (LS): A Classroom-Based Approach to Professional Development in Southern Thailand
Authors: Assalihee Muhammadafeefee , Bakoh Nachima , Boonsuk Yusop , Songmuang Jaruwat
Published: September 2024

Private Islamic schools in Southern Thailand face significant challenges, particularly in adhering to national educational standards, which impacts students’ academic outcomes. Most Islamic Studies teachers lack formal pedagogical training, resulting in a teaching approach that often fails to engage students effectively. This study employed participatory action research (PAR) involving 32 Islamic Studies teachers across 10 schools. The research was structured around the four phases of PAR: establishing relationships, collaborative design, implementation through LS and Open Approach, and reflective assessment. The implementation of Lesson Study and Open Approach led to significant improvements in teaching practices, shifting from traditional teacher-centered methods to learner-centered approaches that emphasized critical thinking, self-directed learning, and the integration of ICT. This study demonstrates that adapting LS to the context of Islamic education can enhance professional development for teachers and improve educational outcomes. This approach could serve as a model for broader educational reforms in the region.
Evidence Preservation in Digital Forensics: An Approach Using Blockchain and LSTM-Based Steganography
Authors: AlKhanafseh Mohammad , Surakhi Ola
Published: September 2024

As digital crime continues to rise, the preservation of digital evidence has become a critical phase in digital forensic investigations. This phase focuses on securing and maintaining the integrity of evidence for legal proceedings. Existing solutions for evidence preservation, such as centralized storage systems and cloud frameworks, present challenges related to security and collaboration. In this paper, we propose a novel framework that addresses these challenges in the preservation phase of forensics. Our framework employs a combination of advanced technologies, including the following: (1) Segmenting evidence into smaller components for improved security and manageability, (2) Utilizing steganography for covert evidence preservation, and (3) Implementing blockchain to ensure the integrity and immutability of evidence. Additionally, we incorporate Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks to enhance steganography in the evidence preservation process. This approach aims to provide a secure, scalable, and reliable solution for preserving digital evidence, contributing to the effectiveness of digital forensic investigations. An experiment using linguistic steganography showed that the LSTM autoencoder effectively generates coherent text from bit streams, with low perplexity and high accuracy. Our solution outperforms existing methods across multiple datasets, providing a secure and scalable approach for digital evidence preservation.
NanoBoot: A Field-Programmable Gate Array/System-on-Chip Hardware Boot Loader for IoT Devices
Authors: Ruiz-de-Clavijo Paulino , Cano-Quiveu German , Juan Jorge , Bellido Manuel Jesus , Viejo-Cortes Julian , Guerrero David , Ostua Enrique
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a new boot loader scheme for embedded devices with file system support built as a hardware module. The work focuses on improving the boot loader hardware and the possibility of carrying out a full boot-up process from the dedicated on-chip hardware, using a light file system to store an operating system kernel. To do so, the new full-hardware boot loader is integrated into two Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) System-on-Chip (SoC), capable of launching a Linux kernel from a formatted removable media.
Spatio-Temporal Dynamic Attention Graph Convolutional Network Based on Skeleton Gesture Recognition
Authors: Han Xiaowei , Cui Ying , Chen Xingyu , Lu Yunjing , Hu Wen
Published: September 2024

Dynamic gesture recognition based on skeletal data has garnered significant attention with the rise of graph convolutional networks (GCNs). Existing methods typically calculate dependencies between joints and utilize spatio-temporal attention features. However, they often rely on joint topological features of limited spatial extent and short-time features, making it challenging to extract intra-frame spatial features and long-term inter-frame temporal features. To address this, we propose a new GCN architecture for dynamic hand gesture recognition, called a spatio-temporal dynamic attention graph convolutional network (STDA-GCN). This model employs dynamic attention spatial graph convolution, enhancing spatial feature extraction capabilities while reducing computational complexity through improved cross-channel information interaction. Additionally, a salient location channel attention mechanism is integrated between spatio-temporal convolutions to extract useful spatial features and avoid redundancy. Finally, dynamic multi-scale temporal convolution is used to extract richer inter-frame gesture features, effectively capturing information across various time scales. Evaluations on the SHREC’17 Track and DHG-14/28 benchmark datasets show that our model achieves 97.14% and 95.84% accuracy, respectively. These results demonstrate the superior performance of STDA-GCN in dynamic gesture recognition tasks.
A Secure and Efficient Authentication Scheme for Large-Scale IoT Devices Based on Zero-Knowledge Proof
Authors: Su Ziyi , Wang Shiwei , Cai Hongliu , Huang Jiaxuan , Chen Yourong , Zhang Xudong , Alam Muhammad
Published: September 2024

Current authentication schemes based on zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) still face issues such as high computation costs, low efficiency, and security assurance difficulty. Therefore, we propose a secure and efficient authentication scheme (SEAS) for large-scale IoT devices based on ZKP. In the initialization phase, the trusted authority creates prerequisites for device traceability and system security. Then, we propose a new registration method to ensure device anonymity. In the identity tracing and revocation phase, we revoke the real identity of abnormal devices by decrypting and updating group public keys, avoiding their access and reducing revocation costs. In the authentication phase, we check the arithmetic relationship between blind certificates, proofs, and other random data. We propose a new anonymous batch authentication method to effectively reduce computation costs, enhance authentication efficiency, and guarantee device authentication security. Security analysis and experimental results show that an SEAS can ensure security and effectively reduce verification time and energy costs. Its security and performance exceed existing schemes.
Fatigue Driving State Detection Based on Spatial Characteristics of EEG Signals
Authors: Chang Wenwen , Nie Wenchao , Lv Renjie , Zheng Lei , Lu Jialei , Yan Guanghui
Published: September 2024

Monitoring the driver’s physical and mental state based on wearable EEG acquisition equipment, especially the detection and early warning of fatigue, is a key issue in the research of the brain–computer interface in human–machine intelligent fusion driving. Comparing and analyzing the waking (alert) state and fatigue state by simulating EEG data during simulated driving, this paper proposes a brain functional network construction method based on a phase locking value (PLV) and phase lag index (PLI), studies the relationship between brain regions, and quantitatively analyzes the network structure. The characteristic parameters of the brain functional network that have significant differences in fatigue status are screened out and constitute feature vectors, which are then combined with machine learning algorithms to complete classification and identification. The experimental results show that this method can effectively distinguish between alertness and fatigue states. The recognition accuracy rates of 52 subjects are all above 70%, with the highest recognition accuracy reaching 89.5%. Brain network topology analysis showed that the connectivity between brain regions was weakened under a fatigue state, especially under the PLV method, and the phase synchronization relationship between delta and theta frequency bands was significantly weakened. The research results provide a reference for understanding the interdependence of brain regions under fatigue conditions and the development of fatigue driving detection systems.
Eucalyptus-Based Glued Laminated Timber: Evaluation and Prediction of Its Properties by Non-Destructive Techniques
Authors: Oliveira Ramon Ferreira , Segundinho Pedro Gutemberg de Alcântara , da Silva João Gabriel Missia , Gonçalves Fabricio Gomes , Lopes Dercílio Junior Verly , Silva Jeferson Pereira Martins , Lopes Nayara Franzini , Mastela Leonor da Cunha , Paes Juarez Benigno , de Souza Clara Gaspar Fossi , Lahr Francisco Antônio Rocco , Belumat Maria Alice Romanha , Christoforo André Luis , de Araujo Caroline Palacio
Published: September 2024

Eucalyptus-based glued laminated timber (glulam) was produced to determine the feasibility of a non-destructive method (drilling resistance) to predict the properties of structural elements and add value to lower-quality hardwood species. Glulam was manufactured with formaldehyde (Resorcinol), reference condition, and bio-based (Castor oil-based) adhesives in two assembly schemes, the core composed either of two continuous lamellae each 105 cm long, or of two formed by the juxtaposition of shorter boards (35 and 55 cm). The shear strength of the glue line (fv0), modulus of elasticity (Ec90), and strength (fc90) in compression perpendicular to the grain; delamination (DL); and main and extended glue line thicknesses were evaluated. The Resistograph equipment was used to perform the perforation perpendicular to the glue line (samples extracted from the glulam elements) to correlate the properties. The results of this research demonstrate that the scheme of the boards had little effect on the physical and mechanical properties evaluated (except the main glue line and delamination), and the drilling resistance (DR) presents a significant correlation with practically all properties evaluated (variations in density values and other properties are explained by variations in DR values), making it possible to estimate Ec90 and fc90 with desired precision (R2adj ≈ 80%). This highlights the feasibility of using this methodology in the quality control of glulam elements. It is concluded that regardless of the adhesive, elements comprising a 105 cm-length core and external lamellae (T1 and control) are indicated for external use, presenting low delamination. Short-length central lamellae adhesively glued with PUR (T2) are not recommended for external applications due to their susceptibility to delamination. However, T2 is indicated for internal environments due to its low production cost. This study also proved the efficiency of using models based on drilling resistance to estimate wood density and its resistance to compression perpendicular to the fiber.
The Impacts of Phenological Stages within the Annual Cycle on Mapping Forest Stock Volume Using Multi-Band Dual-Polarization SAR Images in Boreal Forests
Authors: Long Jiangping , Zheng Huanna , Ye Zilin , Zhang Tingchen , Li Xunwei
Published: September 2024

SAR images with two polarizations show strong potential for mapping forest stock volume (FSV) combined with limited samples. However, accurately mapping FSV still presents challenges in selecting the optimal acquisition date to obtain the SAR images during specific phenological stages within the annual forest cycle (growth and dormant stages). To clarify the impacts of phenological stages within the annual cycle on FSV mapping, SAR images with various polarization models and bands (Sentinel-1(S), GaoFen-3(GF-3 (G)) and ALOS-2(A)) were acquired within the growth and dormant stages of an annual cycle in a boreal evergreen coniferous forest (Chinese pine) and a deciduous coniferous forest (Larch). Subsequently, single-band (G, S, and A) and multi-band combined alternative variable sets (A + G, A + S, S + G, and A + S + G) were extracted within the same stage, respectively. Finally, the forward selection approach was utilized in conjunction with four different models (MLR, KNN, RF, and SVR) to obtain the most suitable variable sets and generate FSV mapping. The results demonstrated a strong correlation between the intensity of backscattering coefficients and the phenological stages of the forest. Within the dormant stage, there was a significant decrease in the gaps of backscattering coefficients obtained from the same polarization compared to those within the growth stage. Furthermore, the results also revealed that more signals from inside the canopy could be detected during the dormant stage in both evergreen coniferous forests and deciduous coniferous forests. Subsequently, the accuracy in mapping FSV obtained from single-band SAR images within the dormant stage are slightly higher than that within the growth stage, and the accuracy was still significantly affected by both overestimation and underestimation. Moreover, the combined effects of different bands significantly improve the reliability of mapped FSV. The rRMSE values in four multi-band combinations ranged from 22.37% to 29.40% for Chinese pine forests and from 21.27% to 34.38% for Larch forests, and the optimal result was observed from combinations of A + S + G acquired within the dormant stage. It is confirmed that SAR signal and their sensitivity to FSV depends on the stages of forest annual growth cycle. In comparison to the growth period, dual-polarization SAR data acquired during the dormant stage is more suitable for estimating FSV in boreal forests.
A Proteomic Study on Seed Germination of Nitraria roborowskii Kom.
Authors: Ren Shangfu , Lv Guanghui
Published: September 2024

Owing to the dormancy of the seeds of Nitraria roborowskii Kom., which results in a low germination rate in nature, germination takes a long time, and natural regeneration is difficult. Therefore, there is a need to study the molecular mechanism by which the seeds of N. roborowskii release dormancy. In this study, the differentially expressed proteins of N. roborowskii seeds before and after dormancy and germination were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed via two-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS) and TMTTM. Differentially expressed proteins from dormant and germinated seeds were characterized and enriched via bioinformatics to determine the functions and pathways of the differentially expressed proteins. The results revealed that seed dormancy was regulated by multiple metabolic pathways, including protein synthesis, nutrient utilization and phytohormone signal transduction pathways. A comparison of the dormant and germinated N. roborowskii seed samples revealed 1082 differentially expressed proteins with FC ≥ 1.5 and p values ≤ 0.05, among which 191 proteins were upregulated and 891 proteins were downregulated in the seeds of the germinated group, and proteins more closely related to the key genes of the germinated N. roborowskii seeds were involved in the activity of D-threo-aldose 1-dehydrogenase. Four proteins (WD40, cystatin, AMP binding protein, and helicase) were involved in the positive regulation of seed germination. The release of N. roborowskii seed dormancy is a complex biological process involving cell differentiation, formation, cellular transport, signaling and resistance, etc. The interactions of multiple metabolic pathways, such as carbon fixation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, the pentose phosphate pathway, endoplasmic reticulum protein processing and pyruvic acid metabolism in photosynthetic organisms, constitute a complex regulatory mechanism for dormancy release.
Is AI Food a Gimmick or the Future Direction of Food Production?—Predicting Consumers’ Willingness to Buy AI Food Based on Cognitive Trust and Affective Trust
Authors: Xia Tiansheng , Shen Xiaoqi , Li Linli
Published: September 2024

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) has been developing rapidly and has had a broad impact on the food industry, with food produced from AI-generated recipes already appearing to actually go on sale. However, people’s trust and willingness to purchase AI food are still unclear. This study builds an integrated theoretical model based on cognitive trust and affective trust, taking into account consumers’ quality value orientations, social norms, and perceived risks of AI food, with the aim of predicting and exploring consumers’ trust and acceptance of AI food. This study utilized the questionnaire method and 315 questionnaires were collected. The results of structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) indicated that food quality orientation, subjective norms, perceived trust, and affective trust all had a significant positive effect on consumers’ purchase intentions. Perceived risk had a negative effect on affective trust and consequently on consumers’ purchase intention, but the effect on cognitive trust was not significant. The results also suggest that cognitive trust is the basis of affective trust and that consumer trust and acceptance of AI food can be enhanced by augmenting two antecedents of cognitive trust (food quality orientation and subjective norms). Possible practical implications and insights from the current findings are discussed.
Nutritional Characterization of Whole Mangosteen Pulp with Seeds and Its Application as an Alternate Functional Ingredient in Crackers
Authors: Saelee Nisa , Castro-Muñoz Roberto , Panpipat Worawan , Chaijan Manat
Published: September 2024

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) fruits are high in nutrients and phytochemical compounds. The use of fresh whole mangosteen fruit pulp, including the seeds (MFS), instead of flour and sugar in crackers not only enhances the functional nutritional and medicinal benefits for consumers but also adds value to the products. The study investigated the nutritional value of MFS and then employed MFS to formulate MFS-based crackers with varying levels of MFS substitution in order to develop crackers enriched with functional ingredients. Proximate compositions, amino acids, sugars, minerals, fatty acids, color, texture, and antiradical properties were analyzed in fresh MFS and MFS-based crackers. The results indicated that MFS can be a source of crude fiber, minerals, amino acids, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids. Adding 13%, 18%, and 23% ground MFS to the crackers improved their nutritional value and physical characteristics compared to the control (0% MFS). MFS-based crackers promoted significantly (p < 0.05) higher fiber (4.04 ± 0.00–5.66 ± 0.01%gdw), ash (2.45 ± 0.00–2.74 ± 0.01%gdw), and protein (4.72 ± 0.00–7.72 ± 0.05%gdw) than the control without MFS addition. Carbohydrates (including dietary fiber) and total sugar decreased significantly (p < 0.05) to 57.68 ± 0.00–55.21 ± 0.11%gdw and 2.37 ± 0.00–4.42 ± 0.01%gdw, respectively, in all MFS-based crackers compared to the control basal cracker with added sugar. Moreover, MFS-based crackers contained oleic acid (C18:1, omega-9) at 5.19–5.78%gdw and linoleic acid (C18:2, omega-6) at 0.63–0.77%gdw. Furthermore, the MFS-based crackers had higher levels of minerals (i.e., potassium, phosphorus, sulfur, calcium, and magnesium) and bioactive compounds such as total phenolic acid and total flavonoid, as well as antiradical activity. This study revealed that MFS can be applied as an alternative functional ingredient in the manufacturing of nutritious cracker products, and the findings could potentially be implemented to promote the utilization of mangosteen seed as a sustainable agricultural product and waste-reducing method.
Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Lymphedema Quality of Life Questionnaire (LYMQOL) in German-Speaking Patients with Upper Limb Lymphedema
Authors: Schulz Torsten , Warg Mary Lee , Heister Simon , Lidzba Kristin , Ciklatekerlio Günce , Molter Yasmin , Langer Stefan , Nuwayhid Rima
Published: September 2024

Objectives: The LYMQOL is the most frequently translated, validated, objective tool for assessing Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL) in individuals with upper limb lymphedema (ULL). There have been adaptations and validations in a number of different countries. While a German version of LYMQOL Leg for lower limb lymphedema is available, a validated translation of LYMQOL Arm to German is lacking. We aimed to perform a cross-cultural adaption and translation according to ISPOR principles. Methods: Patients suffering from ULL from Germany, Austria, and Switzerland (n = 52) were questioned twice using the translated LYMQOL Arm, SF-36, and an evaluation questionnaire. The assessment of the content validity and face validity proved this version of LYMQOL Arm to be acceptable for interviewing German-speaking patients with ULL in Germany. Results: Comparison of LYMQOL Arm and SF-36 demonstrated good construct validity. Test–retest reliability was moderate to good (intraclass correlation coefficients 0.66–0.73). Cronbach’s alpha values varied between 0.79 and 0.89 in both interviews, indicating good internal consistency. Factor analysis revealed a cumulative variance of 59.5% for the four domains of the questionnaire. Conclusion: There was no significant association between lymphedema stage and LYMQOL Arm score. This trial tested the appropriateness of the German version of the LYMQOL Arm for measuring HRQoL in German-speaking individuals with ULL.
Apple Values—What Determines the Decision to Buy Apples?
Authors: Gustavsen Geir Wæhler , Milford Anna Birgitte
Published: September 2024

Apples are a healthy and environmentally friendly snack, but the consumption of apples in many countries, including Norway, has decreased in the last fifteen years. This trend has a potential negative impact on public health and the environment. In this paper, we use a consumer survey and a random effect ordered logistic regression model to find out what is most important for people when they buy apples. Ten different values are considered and ranked according to individual’s importance. We find that taste and safety are the most important values for the average individual’s choice of apples, while the appearance and type of apple rank third. The least important values are wrapping size and regional origin. Everyday apple eaters are more concerned about pesticide use and less concerned about price than the average consumers. Furthermore, compared to the average consumer, those with low levels of trust in apple producers and authorities care more about pesticides and environmentally friendly production methods, while consumers with a high level of trust care less about these aspects. Our results indicate that to increase the consumption of Norwegian apples, it is important to maintain or improve their reputation as being tasty and safe to eat.
Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Calcium and Ethylene Signaling Pathway Genes in Response to Cold Stress in Cinnamomum camphora
Authors: Bi Bo , Shao Lingmei , Xu Tong , Du Hao , Li Danqing
Published: September 2024

Cinnamomum camphora is one of the most dominant broad-leaved evergreen trees in tropical and subtropical regions. Understanding its response to cold stress is crucial for enhancing its resilience to climate changes and expanding the cultivation range. Cold stress response is a vital strategy for plants to withstand cold stress, typically involving transcriptional changes across various pathways. In this study, RNA-Sequencing (RNA-Seq) was conducted on the leaves of C. camphora subjected to different cold stress treatments (0 h, 2 h, and 12 h). Transcriptome analyses revealed that short-term cold stress treatment rapidly induced the upregulation of genes associated with calcium and ethylene signaling pathways, including GLR2.7, CaM, CPK7, and ERF1/3/4/5/7. Subsequently, 12 h cold response treatment further activated genes related to the cold response, jasmonic acid signaling pathways, and the negative regulation of cellular biosynthetic processes, such as CBF2 and CBF4. Notably, ERFs emerged as the most differentially expressed transcription factors in this study. A total of 133 ERF family members from C. camphora were identified through phylogenetic analysis, and these ERFs were classified into 12 clusters. Many of these ERFs are likely to play pivotal roles in the cold response of C. camphora, especially ERF1/3/4/5/7. These findings offer novel insights into the mechanisms underlying the cold response and present valuable candidates for further research, advancing our understanding of plant responses to cold stress.
Chikungunya-Driven Gene Expression Linked to Osteoclast Survival and Chronic Arthralgia
Authors: Urbanski Alysson Henrique , Maso Vanessa E. , Martins Felipe M. , da Costa-Martins André Guilherme , do Nascimento Oliveira Ana Paula B. , Nakaya Helder I.
Published: September 2024

Chikungunya fever (CHIKF), caused by the Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), manifests as acute febrile illness often associated with polyarthritis and polyarthralgia. Although the acute symptoms resolve within two weeks, many patients experience prolonged joint pain and inflammation, resembling rheumatoid arthritis (RA). This study aimed to identify molecular markers related to joint pain and chronicity in CHIKV-infected individuals by analyzing blood transcriptomes using bulk RNA sequencing. B- and T-cell receptor (BCR and TCR) diversity was assessed through computational analysis of RNA-seq data, revealing a significant reduction in CDR3 diversity in CHIKV-infected individuals compared to healthy controls. This reduced diversity was associated with the upregulation of genes involved in osteoclast differentiation and activation, particularly through the RANK/RANKL signaling pathway. These findings suggest a potential link between immune dysregulation and enhanced osteoclast activity, which may contribute to the persistence of joint pain in chronic CHIKF. Targeting osteoclast-related pathways could offer therapeutic strategies for managing chronic symptoms in CHIKF patients.
Association of Gut Microbiome with Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Muscle Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mayer Martin Hubert , Woldemariam Selam , Gisinger Christoph , Dorner Thomas Ernst
Published: September 2024

Sarcopenia, characterized by reduced muscle mass, strength, or performance, is a common condition in older adults. The association between the gut microbiome and sarcopenia remains poorly understood. This systematic review aims to evaluate the relationship between muscle parameters and the intestinal microbiome. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar for studies published between 2002 and 2022 involving participants aged 50+. Studies were included if they assessed sarcopenia using at least one measure of muscle mass (skeletal muscle mass, bioelectrical impedance analysis, MRI), muscle strength, or muscle performance (SARC-F questionnaire, Timed-Up-and-Go Test, Chair Stand Test, grip strength, gait speed, Short Physical Performance Battery, 400 m Walk Test). The microbiome was measured using at least RNA/DNA sequencing or shotgun metagenomic sequencing. Twelve studies were analyzed. Findings revealed that a higher abundance of bacterial species such as Desulfovibrio piger, and Clostridium symbiosum and reduced diversity of butyrate-producing bacteria was associated with sarcopenia severity, as indicated by decreased grip strength, muscle mass, or physical performance. The gut microbiome plays a significant role in age-related muscle loss. Probiotics, prebiotics, and bacterial products could be potential interventions to improve muscle health in older adults.
Identification of Emerging Technological Hotspots from a Multi-Source Information Perspective: Case Study on Blockchain Financial Technology
Authors: Hu Ruiyu , Bao Zemenghong , Jia Juncheng , Lv Kun
Published: September 2024

In recent years, propelled by societal transformations and technological advancements, emerging technologies founded upon diverse disciplines such as financial and information technology have rapidly evolved. Identifying the trends associated with these emerging technologies and extracting their salient topics is crucial in order to accurately grasp the developmental trajectory of these tools and for their efficient utilization. In this study, we chronologically categorize information derived from five types of multi-source data, including journal articles, patent inventions, and industry reports, into distinct periods. We employ the LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic model to identify emerging technological themes within these periods and utilize a dual-index theme lifecycle analysis method to construct a hotspot theme distribution map, thereby facilitating the extraction of significant themes. Through empirical research on blockchain financial technology, we ultimately identify 22 thematic areas of blockchain finance and extracted eight prominent themes, including financial technology, cross-border payments, digital invoices, supply chain finance, and decentralization. By analyzing these themes alongside their respective popularity levels, we validate that the methods above can be used to effectively identify emerging technological hotspots and illuminate their developmental directions.
Differential Classification of Dengue, Zika, and Chikungunya Using Machine Learning—Random Forest and Decision Tree Techniques
Authors: Arrubla-Hoyos Wilson , Gómez Jorge Gómez , De-La-Hoz-Franco Emiro
Published: September 2024

Dengue, Zika, and chikungunya viruses pose a serious threat globally and circulate widely in America. These diseases share similar symptoms in their early stages, which can make early diagnosis difficult. In this study, two predictive models based on Decision Trees and Random Forests were developed to classify dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, with the aim of being supportive and easily interpretable for the medical community. To achieve this, a dataset was collected from a clinic in Sincelejo, Colombia, including the signs, symptoms, and laboratory results of these diseases. The Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Diagnostic Guide 2022 methodology for the differential classification of dengue and chikungunya was applied by assigning evaluative weights to symptoms in the dataset. In addition, a bootstrapping resampling technique based on the central limit theorem was used to balance the target variable, and cross-validation was used to train the models. The main results were obtained with the Random Forest technique, achieving an accuracy of 99.7% for classifying chikungunya, 99.1% for dengue, and 98.8% for Zika. This study represents a significant advance in the differential prediction of these diseases through the use of automatic learning techniques and the integration of clinical and laboratory information.
Sustainable Management of Tetranychus urticae and Trialeurodes vaporariorum on Tomato and Cucumber Plants Using Rhamnolipids and Essential Oil-Based Biocontrol Agents
Authors: Thomidis Thomas , Damos Petros
Published: September 2024

Rhamnolipids (RLs), biosurfactants produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, have gained attention for their potential role in pest management. This study investigated the efficacy of RLs in controlling the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae) and the whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum), as well as a novel non-commercial essential oil-based product, Petir Kilat, on cucumber and tomato plants within a controlled greenhouse environment. The RLs were tested at concentrations of 1 mL/L and 2 mL/L, compared to commercial biopesticides including abamectin (ABAMAX) and Beauveria bassiana (NATURALIS). The results indicated that ABAMAX achieved the highest mortality rates for T. urticae and T. vaporariorum, with 100% mortality observed at 7 days. NATURALIS was also highly effective, particularly for whiteflies, though its efficacy declined over time. RLs showed a dose-dependent increase in mortality, with the higher concentration (2 mL/L) yielding more promising results, though not surpassing the commercial products. Petir Kilat, derived from orange essential oils, demonstrated significant control, particularly at higher concentrations, comparable to or exceeding the effectiveness of NATURALIS and ABAMAX in some cases. Statistical analyses revealed significant differences between treatments in most cases (p < 0.05). The findings underscore the potential of RLs and Petir Kilat as components of integrated pest management (IPM) strategies. While RLs are effective, their performance suggests they are best used in combination with other control methods. The study highlights the need for further research to optimize the application of RLs and essential oil-based products to enhance their role in sustainable pest management practices.
Sperm Storage and Use Following Multiple Insemination in Aedes albopictus: Encouraging Insights for the Sterile Insect Technique
Authors: Yamada Hanano , Hood-Nowotny Rebecca , Resch Christian , Bouyer Jeremy , Gruber Roman , Oliva Clelia F.
Published: September 2024

The key to success in the application of the sterile insect technique (SIT) relies on the ability of released, sterile males to outcompete their fertile wild male counterparts to mate with wild females. However, many insect species exhibit multiple-mating behavior, which can be a way for females to select paternity for their progeny. This study aims to recognize the consequences of potential double-matings during an SIT program and to detect any evidence of sperm selection favoring sperm from fertile mates. This report provides a descriptive analysis of the storage and use of sperm by female Aedes albopictus. Stable isotopes were used to mark the sperm of fertile and sterile males. Mated females were allowed to oviposit before dissecting the spermathecae to link the presence of each type of sperm to the sterility of the eggs laid. It was found that sperm in females inseminated by both males was distributed in the three spermathecae with no obvious pattern, mostly mixed but also separately, and no evidence of any mechanism for sperm selection, sperm precedence, or sperm competition in Ae. albopictus females could be found. The fact that only a few double-mated females were double-inseminated and could also produce semi-sterile eggs, together with the finding that the sperm of sterile males appeared to be no less viable than that of fertile males, is an encouraging outcome for SIT approaches.
Host Species Affects Gut Microbial Community and Offspring Developmental Performances in the Pupal Parasitoid Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Authors: Pan Lina , Liao Jiamin , Hu Yiping , Ren Rui , Chen Wei , Liang Zixin , Lu Fan , Sun Meidi , Song Zhiqin , Li Xiaoyu , Zhang Weiyi , Gao Wenfang , Yan Chuncai , Li Min
Published: September 2024

Chouioia cunea are known to exploit in varying degrees a wide range of lepidopteran species and its offspring development may vary with host species. This study examined its preimaginal development and larval gut microbiota in parasitizing five folivorous lepidopteran hosts including Hyphantria cunea (referred to thereafter as CcHc), Antherea pernyi (CcAp), Helicoverpa armigera (CcHa), Spodoptera exigua (CcSe), and Spodoptera frugiperda (CcSf). Though rates of parasitism and offspring eclosion did not change with host species, the development period and number of offspring eclosed varied with hosts, with the shortest period in CcSf and the highest number from CcAp. For offspring larval gut microbiota, though phylum Proteobacteria was dominant for attacking CcAp, Firmicutes was so for the other hosts. All microbial genera except Enterococcus were less abundant for CcSf than the other hosts. The database-based predictions indicate a significant positive correlation between Cutibacterium and Aureimonas with the relative number of wasp emergence, while Blastomonas exhibits a strong positive association with the developmental period. Our results imply the potential relevance of the gut microbial community in offspring larvae to host species attacked by C. cunea.
Effect of the Localized Insecticides Spray Technique to Control Halyomorpha halys in Actinidia chinensis Orchards
Authors: Landi Matteo , Preti Michele , Masetti Antonio , Spinelli Francesco
Published: September 2024

Kiwifruit (Actinidia chinensis) cultivation is expanding worldwide, with China, New Zealand, and Italy being the major producing countries. Halyomorpha halys, the brown marmorated stink bug, is raising serious concerns to kiwifruit cultivation both in China and Italy. This study aimed at improving the chemical control efficacy against this pest by comparing two insecticide spray techniques (a conventional ray atomizer and a trumpet-modified atomizer adapted for localized spray application) in kiwifruit. In fact, kiwifruit is often grown with a ‘pergola’ training system, which may reduce the effectiveness of insecticide penetration into the canopy. Experiments were performed in naturally infested orchards of both Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis ‘Jintao’ and A. chinensis var. deliciosa ‘Hayward’. Furthermore, mesh cages containing H. halys adults were deployed within orchards to assess the insects’ mortality at 1, 3, 7, and 10 days after an insecticide application with two spray techniques during two consecutive seasons. In the cultivar ‘Jintao’, the two systems performed similarly, while in the cultivar ‘Hayward’, an overall significantly higher insect mortality was recorded with the trumpet atomizer (94–100%) compared to the conventional atomizer (59–78%). Crop damage was also evaluated on both cultivars, simulating the grower insecticide applications with the two spray techniques. At harvest, no difference emerged between the spray techniques, which provided a significantly better protection compared to the untreated control (12–17% compared to 33–47% of injured fruits). Further investigations in this direction are needed also considering the restriction of insecticidal active substances ongoing in the European Union and the need to maximize the efficacy of the available tools.