bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sex differences in two international guidelines for assessing obstructive coronary artery disease in symptomatic outpatients by coronary computed tomographic angiography
Authors: Tan Yahang , Wang Zhe , Xin Qian , Li Na , Liu Fang , Xu Qiaoyu , Chen Mulei
Published: November 2021

Background

Low-risk individuals are unlikely to benefit from noninvasive testing, and women tend to have a lower prevalence of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD). This study compared the performance of two current guidelines that differ by sex to assess stable chest pain outpatients, including symptom-based (2016 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, NICE) and risk-based strategies (2019 European Society of Cardiology, ESC).
Methods

A total of 542 men and women outpatients referred for coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) at a single-centre were retrospectively included in this study. A risk assessment was calculated for each outpatient according to the NICE and ESC guidelines. Patients were classified into low-risk and high-risk groups according to each strategy. The presence of obstructive coronary artery disease was the endpoint. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) was used to assess the performance of the two strategies.
Results

The 2016 NICE guidelines classified 29.39% of women and 34.60% of men into the low-risk group. The 2019 ESC guidelines classified 55.56% of women and 28.14% of men into the low-risk group. The 2019 ESC guidelines had a higher predictive value for coronary artery disease compared to the 2016 NICE guidelines, with a positive NRI in men (15.55%) and women (36.59%) respectively.
Conclusion

The 2019 ESC guidelines offered a more accurate calculation of risk assessment than the 2016 NICE guidelines. Patient sex influenced applying the recent ESC guidelines, which would result in a significant decrease in inappropriate testing of women but an increase in appropriate noninvasive testing of men.
Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment in Iranian Hemophilia Patients (Single Center); A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Golpayegani Mohammad Reza , Foroughi-Gilvaee Mohammad Reza , Tohidi Mohammad Reza , Faranoush Pooya , Kakery Fariba , Sadighnia Negin , Zandi Afsoon , Zandi Ashkan , Mousavi-Kiasary S.Mohamad Sadegh , Safaei Zahra , Faranoush Mohammad
Published: November 2021

Background: Hemophilia affects the patients′ life in many aspects. The major concerns are restriction on physical activities, life-threatening bleeding, arthropathy, etc., and worsening mental issues like anxiety. This study aimed to evaluate the health-related quality of life in hemophilia patients.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 147 patients with hemophilia had been referred to special patients′ clinic at Kermanshah province (IRAN) for comprehensive medical care services. The patients who met the criteria of this study were selected using counting sampling method and were assessed with the quality of life in hemophilia patients′ questionnaire (A36 Hemofilia-QoL® questionnaire).Results: Out of 147 patients with hemophilia, 139 were male and 8 were female. The mean age of the subjects was 25.85±15.54 years. The results demonstrate that the total score of 65 patients (44.2%) had poor quality, 60 patients (40.8%) had moderate quality and 22 patients (15.0%) had good quality of life. Although there was no significant correlation between hemophilia A & B with health-related quality of life, there was a good connection between age, gender, level of education, and the severity of disease with health-related quality of life. Conclusion: According to the low quality of life in relation to health in hemophilia patients, different interventions should be administrated to increase health-related quality of life in these patients.
A Recombinant Adenoviral Vector With a Specific Tropism to CD4-positive Cells: a New Tool for HIV-1 Inhibition
Authors: Behmardi Abtin , Farazmandfar Touraj
Published: November 2021

Gene therapy can be an option to overcoming the side effects of chemotherapy and preventing the development of drug-resistant HIV viruses in HIV-infected patients. The need to develop a safe and efficient vector for gene transfer is always necessary and an appropriate option might be adenovirus (Ad). the use of Ad vectors in the gene delivery applications is limited due to the semi-specific tropism. A strategy to overcome this tropism limitation may be the modification of fiber protein domain involved in the viral binding to cells. Therefore, we designed an Ad5 vector with a specific tropism to CD4+ cells containing an expression system limited to HIV-infected cells. We replaced the knob region of Ad5 fiber protein with the extracellular region of HIV-1 envelope. We also used a specific Tat-inducible promoter to express two anti-HIV-1 shRNAs. Tropism of recombinant Ad5 was assayed by comparison of shRNA expression level in CEM and PBMC cells (as CD4+ cells) and HEK293 cells (as CD4- cells). HIV-1 inhibition was assayed by determination of p24 antigen in the HIV-infected CEM cells transduced with the recombinant Ad5 vector. Our results showed that shRNA expression was significantly higher in CEM and PBMC cells than HEK293 cells when were transduced with recombinant Ad5 vector. This new Ad5 vector also inhibited HIV-1 proliferation in a Tat-inducible manner. Our new recombinant Ad5 vector has a specific tropism to CD4-positive cells that can effectively suppress the HIV-1 replication.
Successful endovascular treatment for acute renal artery occlusion
Authors: Li Hai-Lei , CHAN Yiu Che , GUO Zongjin , ZHOU Ruming , CHENG Stephen W
Published: November 2021

Purpose: We report a case of revascularization for a totally occluded renal artery using endovascular renal thrombus aspiration followed by catheter-directed thrombolysis.Case Report: A 56 years old man presented with sudden onset of severe left-sided abdominal and loin pain for six hours. Urgent computed tomography angiogram showed total occlusion of left renal artery. Emergency selective left renal angiogram and thrombus aspiration using a 5-French Cobra catheter was performed. Catheter-directed thrombolysis with urokinase was initiated after aspiration thrombectomy. Angiogram 24 hours after thrombolysis showed the left renal artery and its segmental branches were successfully revascularized. Patient was on anticoagulation after operation and his renal function recovered well.Conclusion: Percutaneous aspiration thrombectomy combined with intra-arterial local fibrinolysis are effective in the salvage of renal function.
Frailty and its Association with Health-Related Quality of Life Among Older Cancer Patients: An Evidence-Based Study from China
Authors: Su Mingzhu , Yao Nengliang , Shang Meimei , Shen Yuzhen , Qin Tingting , Wang Jialin , Sun Xiaojie
Published: November 2021

Background There is limited information about the population characteristics and adverse health outcomes of older cancer patients in China. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of frailty and examine the association between frailty and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among older cancer patients. Methods This was a cross-sectional study involving older patients diagnosed with cancer in two tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province, China. Frailty was assessed using Geriatric 8 (G-8). HRQoL was measured using the five-level EuroQol-5-dimension (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire. The Tobit regression model and logistic regression model was used to identify the relationship between frailty and HRQoL.Results Of the 229 older patients, 175 (76.4%) were frail. Frail patients had lower EQ-5D-5L utility scores than those who were non-frail (0.830 vs 0.889; P=0.004). After adjustments for sociodemographic and cancer-related variables, frailty was statistically associated with worse health-related quality of life (OR=6.024; P=0.001).Conclusion Frailty was associated with deteriorated HRQoL in older patients with cancer. Early frailty screening and preventive interventions are essential for improving quality of life through decision-making or pretreatment optimization in geriatric oncology.
Spanish Validation of the “Life Snapshot Inventory”
Authors: Ruiz-García Antonio , Macías-Morón Juan José , Ferro-García Rafael , Valero-Aguayo Luis
Published: November 2021

Introduction: The Life Snapshot Inventory (LSI) is a self-report instrument to measure the meaningful vital, personal, and social directions. It was created in the Functional Analytic Psychotherapy as a continuous evaluation of vital changes in areas of life (family, work, love, spirituality, sexuality, health, etc.). Objective: The aim was to validate its psychometric characteristics for the first time. Method: This study involved 530 participants (average age 33 years), in a Spanish sample. The questionnaire has been compared with the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) to obtain convergent validity. Results: The results showed a high internal consistency (α=.93) and a correlation of .61, both statistically significant. The factorial analysis showed only one factor (43.56% of variance). In addition, it was sensitive to changes due to interventions, and made it possible to differentiate those people with vital problems. Conclusion: This questionnaire could be a helpful measure for healthcare and clinical contexts.
Stacking Ensemble Learning Approaches Applied to Emotional State Classification
Authors: Aquino Luiza Scapinello , Coelho Leandro dos Santos
Published: November 2021

The ability to automatically recognize human emotions is a wide field of research that supports both psychology and engineering, through the improvement of human-computer interface systems, and psychiatry, assisting in diagnosis, and treatment decision making of mental diseases. To deal with big amounts of information, artificial intelligence (AI) approaches are often adopted, such as machine learning (ML), which enables computers to learn and adapt to new situations automatically. This paper aims to compare some ML approaches in classifying the human emotional states from electroencephalogram examination signals through software implementation. The dataset used in this study, known as DEAP (Database for Emotion Analysis using Physiological Signals), comes from a set of exams available for the public by a researcher group from four European Universities. A comparison between the methods decision tree, support vector machine (SVM), and convolutional neural networks (CNN) was made in terms of performance metrics. Moreover, unlike other works focused on these concepts, combinations of these architectures were used in this study to find an accurate result, through the stacking ensemble learning approaches applying in human emotion classifications. Therefore, eight classification methods were applied, three of which have no history of use in this application previously. K-fold and cross validation were used in order to estimate the algorithms capacity of generalization. The best results were obtained with the ensemble of three base methods, with an accuracy of 0.946, and the combination of CNN with SVM obtained 0.922 of accuracy metric.
Identification and inverse modeling of industrial systems using regional models
Authors: Pereira Neto Antonio Galeno , Mota Souza Luis Gustavo , Mota Francisco de Assis da Silva
Published: November 2021

With the advancement of technology the speed of industrial processes has greatly increased resulting in the need of obtaining models and controllers in a faster and more interactive way. Fortunately, the speed and ability to obtain data have also shown great advances, allowing the use of techniques capable of modeling processes reliably and quickly using the System Identification process. For generate a model from the input and output data of the systems, the System Identification has been the subject of many studies, with several techniques being proposed capable of generating reliable models in a short period of time. Two of these techniques, presented in this article, are the techniques known as Regional Models and Robust Regional Models, which use Clustering techniques such as Self Organizing Map (SOM) and K-means to dividing the system’s data space into similar regions in order to produce more reliable models using supervised neural networks; the robust approach also performs the treatment of Outliers in the data using the M-Estimation technique. The techniques presented are applied in nonlinear industrial systems and evaluated based on their Normalized Mean Square Error (NMSE) and the residual autocorrelation.
RNN- and CNN-based weed detection for crop improvement: An overview
Authors: Jabir Brahim , Rabhi Loubna , Falih Noureddine
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Deep learning is a modern technique for image processing and data analysis with promising results and great potential. Successfully applied in various fields, it has recently entered the field of agriculture to address such agricultural problems as disease identification, fruit/plant classification, fruit counting, pest identification, and weed detection. The latter was the subject of our work. Weeds are harmful plants that grow in crops, competing for things like sunlight and water and causing crop yield losses. Traditional data processing techniques have several limitations and consume a lot of time. Therefore, we aimed to take inventory of deep learning networks used in agriculture and conduct experiments to reveal the most efficient ones for weed control.

Study objects and methods. We used new advanced algorithms based on deep learning to process data in real time with high precision and efficiency. These algorithms were trained on a dataset containing real images of weeds taken from Moroccan fields.

Results and discussion. The analysis of deep learning methods and algorithms trained to detect weeds showed that the Convolutional Neural Network is the most widely used in agriculture and the most efficient in weed detection compared to others, such as the Recurrent Neural Network.

Conclusion. Since the Convolutional Neural Network demonstrated excellent accuracy in weed detection, we adopted it in building a smart system for detecting weeds and spraying them in place.
Choline intake effects on psychophysiological indicators of students in the pre-exam period
Authors: Tarasova Olga , Ivanov Vadim , Luzgarev Sergey , Lavryashina Marya , Anan’ev Vladimir
Published: November 2021

Introduction. Choline has a wide range of physiological functions. It has a neuroprotective effect on brain dysfunctions, while its deficiency has a negative effect on antenatal development of the nervous system. We aimed to study the impact of exogenous choline on the psychophysiological indicators in students.

Study objects and methods. 87 students were surveyed by questionnaire to determine their background intake of dietary choline. One month before the exams, we measured their simple and complex visual-motor reaction times, functional mobility and balance of nervous processes, as well as indicators of their short-term memory, attention, health, activity, and mood. Then, we divided the students into a control and an experimental group, regardless of their choline intake. The experimental group took 700 mg choline supplements on a daily basis for one month, followed by a second psychophysiological examination.

Results and discussion. Students with a low choline intake had lower functional mobility and balance of nervous processes, but better attention stability than students with a high choline intake. The second examination showed improved short-term memory, health, and activity indicators in the experimental group, compared to the control. The visual-motor reaction times also increased, but only in students with an initially low level of choline intake.

Conclusion. Choline supplementation can be recommended to students under pre-exam stress to enhance the functional state of their central nervous system.
Collective Political Portrait of Landlords of the Oryol Province
Authors:   Bryansk State University, Blokhin Valeriy F.
Published: November 2021

Within the previous work during the launch of the project “Implementation of the reform from February 19, 1861 in the Oryol province (experience of computer analysis of mass sources)” the topics touched upon were not only the ones which were based on the analysis of mass sources, but also some scenarios related to the aspects of the socio-economic situation in the region were developed. The work was continued, and some observations made during the preliminary study are given in the presented article. The key point here is the discussion of problems related to the “determination of the grounds” for the development of the position of the provincial nobility with regards to existing at that time correlation of interests between the supreme power, bureaucratic reformers and landowners. The author attempts to outline a collective portrait of the representatives of the landowning and agrarian-industrial local nobility of the Oryol province. This period in question was the peak of the political activity of the local nobility, a time when subjective and personal factors in the preparation of the peasant reform were fully manifested. The representatives of the Oryol nobility had different motives that determined their attitude to the upcoming abolition of serfdom. The study of a wide variety of differences in the views of the local nobility, the analysis of the factors that determined their views in these conditions, will help broaden the understanding of the foundations of the upcoming transformations and the level of historical responsibility of the main estate of the country.
Ego-documents of the History of Political Terror in Kazakhstan
Authors:   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Zhanbosinova Albina S. , Zhandybayeva Saule S. ,   Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University, Kazbekova Ajnur T. ,   Sarsen Amanzholov East Kazakhstan University
Published: November 2021

Interdisciplinary approaches have expanded the research space of the history of political repression of 1920–1950s. The surge of interest in documents of personal origin in the historiography of the post-Soviet space led to an appeal to ego-documents — personal letters from victims of political repression. The study is based on archival and investigative materials of the Special State Archive of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Introduction of narrative sources into the scholarship enables to hear the history of political repression “from inside”, “from below”, to feel the psychology of terror. Letters to the authorities touched upon a complex of problems related to the violation of socialist legality in the field, especially in the period of political repression. The main message of the letters sent to the first leaders of the Soviet state was the monstrosity of the accusation of Article 58 of the Criminal Code of the RSFSR, the ridiculous mistake made by Soviet justice. The purpose of the article is to reveal the cognitive potential of ego documents in articulating the history of political repression. Based on the theoretical concepts of a linguistic, narrative turn, the historical past of political repressions, represented by ego documents of victims of political terror is constructed. A discursive assessment of the letter suggests its interpretation as a reconstruction of the sociocultural memory of the tragic past that left a cultural trauma in the family frame of memory. Each letter has its own power of power, the inner ‘I’ voices the daily practices of political terror.
Royal Saints, Artistic Patronage, and Self-representation among Hungarian Noblemen
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Năstăsoiu Dragoş Gh. ,   Central European University
Published: November 2021

During the 1401–1403 political crisis in the Kingdom of Hungary, the magnates who were hostile to the ruling King Sigismund of Luxemburg and supported instead the Angevin King Ladislas of Naples deployed a wide range of propaganda tools for proving the legitimacy of their political cause. In a previous study published in this journal (Vestnik of SPbSU. History, 2021, vol. 66, issue 1, рp. 179–192), I have focused on the Hungarian noblemen’s anti-royal propaganda through the utilizing of political and spiritual symbols (i. e., the Holy Crown of Hungary and the cult, relics, and visual representations of St. Ladislas), symbolic actions (coronations and oath-swearing on holy relics), and heraldic self-representation (the Árpádian double cross). The present study approaches the same topic of anti-royal propaganda in the troubled political context of the early 15th century, but from the perspective of the elites’ self-representation strategies via the cult of Hungarian royal saints, artistic patronage, and heraldic self-representation. The two leaders of the anti-royal movement, Archbishop of Esztergom John Kanizsai and Palatine of Hungary Detre Bebek, repeatedly commissioned works of art (i.e., seals, stained-glass windows, and wall paintings) which featured prominently the images of the three Holy Kings of Hungary (Sts Stephen, Emeric, and Ladislas) or displayed the realm’s coat of arms (the Árpádian two-barred cross). The reliance of John Kanizsai and Detre Bebek on the cults and images of the patron saints of the country blended harmoniously the commissioners’ personal piety with their political ambitions. In the context of the early-15th century political crisis, the appropriation of the ideal figures of the sancti reges Hungariae became the driving force behind the Hungarian noblemen’s political cause.
Seating Spaces in Scandinavian Mesolithic Dwellings
Authors:   University of Copenhagen, Grøn Ole
Published: November 2021

The analysis of positioning patterns for individuals in Mesolithic dwellings presented here is based, on the one hand, on ethnographic data on hunter-gatherer culture-specific patterns for the placing of individuals in the dwelling space and, on the other, on observations in the excavated archaeological record of repetition in the spatial organisation of small artefact concentrations, hearths etc. in the well-preserved remains of Mesolithic dwellings. In addition to the latter spatial organisational patterns, zones containing relatively low densities of debitage have also, in a couple of cases, been seen to coincide with the proposed positions of individuals, as indicated by the ‘positive’ activity indicators. It has been suggested that these so-called ‘seating spaces’ are indicative of the fact that individuals seated in a dwelling kept their seating positions free of smaller pieces of waste. They possibly achieved this by sitting on some form of underlay — a small mat of skin or bark — that could easily be cleaned off while they drew to their seating positions larger pieces of debitage that were useful as tools for cutting, shaping etc. Based on data from several well-documented Mesolithic sites, this paper investigates this latter aspect further as a potentially independent way of checking the results of the first phase of distribution analysis of the Mesolithic dwellings. In general, recent excavations incorporating systematic recording of the flint debitage appear to produce meaningful results, while earlier excavations, where this category was recorded in less detail — often just being counted and discarded — tend not to.
Problems and Prospects of Application of Multispectral Imaging in the Manuscript Studies
Authors:   St. Pеtеrsburg Stаte Univеrsity of Industriаl Technоlogies and Design, High Schооl of Technology and Energy, Balаchеnkova Alеksаndra P. , Lyаkhovitskii Evgenii A. ,   National Library of Russia, Tsуpkin Denis O. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: November 2021

By the beginning of the 21st century, digital multispectral and hyperspectral visualization has become one of the key components of the systematic study of historical manuscripts. Over the past twenty years, a significant amount of research with the application if this method has been carried out; therefore, the authors of this article have considered it necessary to reflect on the current situation in the field of application of multispectral visualization methods and to provide an overview of the most representative projects. It has been established that among the permanently operating foreign scientific institutions which use multispectral imaging methods, the most productive are the Center for the Study of Manuscript Cultures of the University of Hamburg, Centre of Image and Material Analysis in Cultural Heritage (Austria), and the Research Department of the Bodleian Library (Oxford). Among the temporary projects, studies related to the complex examination of palimpsests as well as to the evaluation of the state of the text carrier have been singled out since they had a significant impact on the development of multispectral visualization at the methodological and technical levels. The review provides characteristics of the equipment used for multispectral imaging; discusses the relationship between methods and specific research tasks. It is stated that nowadays multispectral visualization has become a routine technique in solving utilitarian tasks. The following directions have been distinguished as the most promising for the development of the research potential of this method: 1) analysis of the spectral behavior of the substance in determining the composition of the dye; 2) analysis of the spectral behavior of the text made with different inks, including the research related to the study of writing skills; 3) control of the state and dynamics of processes of the carrier.
The First Images of the Ob River on Western European Maps
Authors:   Altai State Pedagogical University, Kontev Arkadii V.
Published: November 2021

Martin Waldseemüller’s maps, published in 1507 and 1513 in Strasbourg, are the first maps to bear the name of the new continent, America. They reveal the discovery of the New World by Spanish and Portuguese navigators. None of the researchers, however, have noticed that the same maps of North Asia (the area of present-day Western Siberia) for the first time show a river flowing into the Arctic Ocean. The peculiarity of Western European cartographic sources at the turn of the 15th–16th centuries lies in the fact that the reflection of the world picture was based on the tradition of the geographer Claudius Ptolemy. The desire to publish the “New Ptolemy” prompted the members of the Vosges Gymnasium, where Waldseemüller worked, to combine traditional knowledge of the world with the latest geographical discoveries. The article analyzes the content of Waldseemüller’s maps, provides a comparative analysis of the maps that formed the basis for the creation of these images, and traces the borrowings of data from the German cartographer by subsequent authors of the 16th century. As a result of careful study of inscriptions and legends, the author concludes that the depiction of areas of North Asia on the maps of the German cartographer dates back to the maps of Henry Martell of 1489–1491. A large map of the world by this author is kept at Yale University, but many of its inscriptions have faded or disappeared. The painstaking work of the American researcher Chet van Duzer, who published a monograph on the map in 2019, gave researchers the opportunity to examine the source carefully. The comparison between this map and an earlier round map of Fra Mauro of 1459 suggested that Martell, in his turn, borrowed the image of the North Asian river from this Venetian monk. Thus, the process of borrowing and clarifying the information about the previously unknown river is traced. At the end of the article, the author proves that European cartographers displayed the latest information about the Ob river, which came from Russia.
Formation of the Budget of the Komsomol Organizations in the 1960s
Authors:   Kazan State University of Architecture and Engineering, Bureeva E. V.
Published: November 2021

In the 1960s the state funding of the Komsomol ended, and the formation of the budget of the Central Committee of the Komsomol and regional committees became an issue of great interest. This issue can be better explored by complex financial documents of the Komsomol committees, which are introduced into circulation here for the first time. They show that the main source of income was membership fees, which explains the intensification of work to attract young people to the Komsomol and strict control over the timely payment of membership fees. The second means of replenishing the budget were funds raised by collecting scrap metal and waste paper, holding amateur concerts, and similar projects. However, this did not provide enough funding, and so the Komsomol Central Committee introduced austerity measures and began additional fundraising through various lotteries, selling literature, holding subbotniks and voskresniks, and the like. An analysis of archival documents shows that countryside committees found themselves in a more difficult situation than those in cities, which had more opportunities to earn money; and rural committees’ expenses were much higher. This explains the absence of “houses of culture” and stadiums in villages, which were built mainly by the Komsomol. The party leadership stopped subsidizing the Komsomol, but still actively used young people to solve important economic problems (e. g. construction of large facilities in urban and rural settings, maintaining student construction teams, etc.), the implementation of which also fell on the Komsomol budget. Thus, financial documents allows us not only to trace the formation of revenues and expenditures, but also the working conditions of Komsomol organizations in cities and the countryside.
Yakov Stechkin: Portrait of a Provincial Surgeon in the Realities of the 1920s
Authors:   Tula State Pedagogical University, Volodina T. A. , Simonova E. V. ,   Tula State Pedagogical University
Published: November 2021

The article provides an analysis of professional formation and conditions of development of practical medicine in a provincial city of central Russia in the 1920s. For the first time, the authors introduce materials from the personal archive of surgeon Yakov Sergeyevich Stechkin, the brother and father of famous constructors Boris and Igor Stechkin. Yakov Stechkin practiced in Aleksin in 1922–1935. Based on statistical reports from his personal archive, the article reveals the peculiarities of provincial surgery. It analyzes such features as the range of operations performed, the use of anesthesia, and the level of lethality. Main attention is paid to the analysis of the mutual interweaving and transformation of various professional and cultural components in the activity of an ordinary physician: the traditions of zemstvo medicine, military surgery, and Soviet medicine of the 1920s. Each of these components made a contribution to behavioral models of the provincial doctor. Traditions of medicine with its principles of accessibility and free service correlated with the declared norms of Soviet health care system, versatility of military surgeon was more than necessary in terms of personnel lack, while material devastation was offset by broad professional freedom, permeated with the atmosphere of research and experimentation. Based on the memoir sources, the authors show the specific ways of communication between a doctor and his patients, typical of a small provincial town. The authors of put particular emphasis on the fact that an ordinary provincial surgeon resorted to trends of the time, such as experiments in eugenics, endocrinology, and rejuvenation. The article highlights factors that led the Russian physician, who treated the power of the Bolsheviks without reverence, to be integrated into the Soviet health care system.
The Affair of the First Secretary of the Kaluga Regional Committee of the VKP(b): A Look at the Social Capital of the Kaluga Regional Leadership, 1944–1948
Authors:   Kaluga State University, Kometchikov I. V.
Published: November 2021

The article examines the demotion of the first secretary of I. Popov, the Kaluga regional committee of the CPSU. We examined records of the Central Committee of the CPSU, the Council of Ministers of the RSFSR, the Kaluga regional committee of the CPSU, and other regional authorities and recollections and letters of regional leaders. Based on that research, we analyzed the business and personal relations I. Popov had over the course of his almost three-year work in Kaluga, the level of distrust among Kaluga officials, sanctions for misconduct common in the bureaucratic sphere — that is, the overall state of social capital of the bureaucracy in Kaluga. Popov had been sent to the newly created Kaluga region after working as the Chair of the regional executive committee of Chkalovsk and at the Personnel Management Office. He failed to employ horizontal communication in the nascent Kaluga management to successfully restore the region’s economy. Popov constantly slighted key leaders of the regional administration, which prevented them from forming a trusting relationship and finding common ground when it came to the “style of managing” the region. This approach resulted in a high turnover rate of officials, the employment of extreme measures, the falsification of documents and misrepresentation which were considered the main factors impeding the development of the region by both Kaluga officials and the Central Committee of the CPSU. Popov gained quite a negative reputation in the Kaluga social circles by turning to favoritism and other tactics to illegally multiply his wealth. In the end he was discredited and demoted from the post of the first secretary of the Kaluga regional committee of the CPSU.
Multiple Facets of Plant-Microbiome Associations in Unlocking the Communication
Paradigm through Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Khanna Kanika , Kohli Sukhmeen Kaur , Kumar Vinod , Kour Jaspreet , Singh Arun Dev , Bhardwaj Tamanna , Ohri Puja , Sharma Anket , Skalicky Milan , Brestic Marian , Bhardwaj Renu
Published: November 2021

:

Communication among different species across kingdoms occurs through a chain of regulatory
molecules that are transferred around cellular boundaries. These molecules are also crucial
for defense, virulence, and pathogenesis. In the past, the transport of proteins in long distance communication
was observed, but in the present era, the discovery of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has
changed our understanding of molecular communication. EVs are not only involved in cell signaling
and immunity but also can transfer information by sRNAs, forming a basis for interactions
among a wide variety of organisms. Despite extensive research on EVs in other areas, their role in
communication between plants and the plant microbiome has been lacking. EVs are potentially involved
in protein trafficking along with the transport of lipids and nucleic acids. Interactions between
hosts and their microbiomes may also be mediated by EVs, which can be involved in stress
responses, immune surveillance and defense, virulence, and signaling, along with many metabolic
activities within plant microbiomes. In this review, we have focused on recent information about
the role of EVs and the molecules they transport between hosts and microbes. The connection between
biofilms and the generation of EVs is also considered. These findings enhance our knowledge
about plant-microbiome interactions in terms of immunity and virulence and challenge the
conventional viewpoint of inter-kingdom signaling.
Problematic Substance Use in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients:
Rates, Clinical Correlates and Effects on Therapeutic Outcomes
Authors: Benarous Xavier , Morales Pierre , Cravero Cora , Jakubowicz Barbara , Bourvis Nadège , Cohen David , Edel Yves
Published: November 2021

Aims: :

We aimed to document the clinical rates and correlates of problematic
substance use among adolescent inpatients.

Background:

Adolescents referred to psychiatric inpatient care are likely to present family and
social risk factors making them at high risk of substance use disorder.

Objective:

The objective of this study is to document the rates, clinical correlates, and effects of
associated problematic substance use on therapeutic outcomes in adolescents referred to
psychiatric inpatient care.

Method:

The DEP-ADO questionnaire was used to systematically screen out problematic
substance use in two 12-18 adolescent inpatient units between January 2017 to December 2018.
Inpatients who were screened positively based on the DEP-ADO questionnaire and/or
information gathered from repeated interviews with the youths and their families were reported
to the liaison addiction unit for diagnosis. The chart-review procedure was used to document
clinical correlates (i.e., suicidal behavior, DSM-5 psychiatric diagnoses, the Clinical Global
Impression-Severity score) and therapeutic outcomes (i.e., the Clinical Global Impression-
Improvement score, change in Children-Global Assessment Scale score during patients’ stay and
length of stay).

Result:

Over two years, 150 adolescents completed the DEP-ADO questionnaire (Mean Age
=14.7 ± 1.7; 42% girls). Thirty percent of adolescent inpatients reported some type of
problematic substance use, with a higher likelihood of daily tobacco use (OR=2.4), regular
cannabis use (OR=2.3), and occasional opioid/heroin use (OR=9.8) compared to the general
population. Adolescent inpatients who misused illegal substances prior to admission were 2.5
times more likely to report suicidal behaviors. A strong association was reported between binge
drinking behavior and a discharge diagnosis of bipolar disorder (OR=11.0). Therapeutic
outcomes were not statistically different with regards to alcohol or illicit substance use status.

Conclusion:

Inpatient adolescents were at high risk of associated problematic substance use.
Patients with co-existing problematic substance use seem to have more severe and chronic forms
of mood disturbances, although the response rate to therapeutics provided during their stay was
not found to be lower compared to their counterparts without problematic substance use.
School Re-Entry of Adolescent Patients Discharged from
Psychiatric Hospital: One Step in Continuous Quality
Improvement
Authors: Preyde Michèle , Parekh Shrenik , Markov Anna , Carpenter Hayley , Heintzman John
Published: November 2021

Objective:

School re-entry following hospitalization for psychiatric care
has been reported as difficult for many adolescent patients. Continuous quality
improvement initiatives may improve programming to enhance school re-entry
experiences. The purpose for this study was to explore the school re-entry
perspectives of the youth discharged from a psychiatric inpatient unit after
implementing programs that patients previously identified as needed.

Methods:

A survey was administered to the youth about one month after discharge
to gather their perspective of their school re-entry, along with self-rated resilience
and stress.

Results:

Twenty-six youth (23%) participated in the post-discharge survey who
reported a mean age of 15.6 years (SD 1.0), 77% identified as female, 13 (50%)
provided very positive re-entry comments, eight (31%) reported moderately
positive experiences, and five (19%) reported a very poor school re-entry. Mean
perceived resilience (4.01, SD 0.6) and stress (3.42, SD 0.8) scores suggest youth
thought they had good resilience and moderate stress.

Conclusions:

Most youth reported a good school re-entry. Considerable concerns
remain for the 19% who reported a poor school re-entry who may benefit from
specialized outpatient or day programming post-discharge before attempting a
return to school. Future directions for research are provided.
Protective Effects of Isothiocyanates against Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Kala Chandra , Gilani Sadaf Jamal , Imam Syed Sarim , Mohamad Taleuzzaman , Naaz Farha , Rahat Iqra , Khan Najam Ali
Published: November 2021

Background:

The extensive search for a novel therapeutic agent against Alzheimer's
Disease (AD) in medical and pharmaceutical research still continues. Despite a lot being explored
about its therapeutics, there is still much more to learn in order to achieve promising therapeutic
agents against AD. Phytochemicals, especially secondary metabolites, are the major focus of the investigators
for AD treatment.

Objective:

To describe major therapeutics targets of AD and the role of isothiocyanates (ITCs) in
modulating these targets.

Methods:

Scientific databases, including Elsevier, Science Direct, Pub med, were explored. The explored
literature was mainly journal publications on pathogenesis and targets of AD, and the effect
of various ITCs in the modulation of these targets.

Results:

The major targets of AD include the Nrf-2/ARE signaling pathway, MAPKs pathway,
GSK-3 signaling, and Ubiquitin-Protease system. ITCs, such as Sulforaphane, Allyl isothiocyanates,
Moringin, 6-(methylsulfinyl) hexyl ITC, Phenethyl isothiocyanates, and Erucin, were reported
to exert a protective effect against AD via modulating one of the several above mentioned targets.

Conclusion:

This article gives a detailed description of the therapeutic targets of AD and sheds
light that phytochemicals, such as ITCs, can exert a protective effect against AD by targeting those
pathways. However, properly designed research and clinical trials are required to include ITCs as a
mainstream agent against AD.
possibilities of information technology in higher education
Authors: Haborets Olha A. , Krasnoschok Victoria V. , Pyshnohub Myroslava V.
Published: November 2021

The conception of modernization of higher medical education in Ukraine is focused on the model of training physicians who have a broad outlook, able to integrate their potential into the activities of all medical workers, meet the current level of medical science and society, capable of self-improvement and self-development using innovative information technologies. The modern health care system is in need of specialists capable of continuous professional growth and self-improvement. The aim of the article is the formation of future physicians self-by means of information technology (IT). In the article review importance of IT in the professional activities of doctors, the prospects for the development of computer technology; formation and development of the knowledge base, skills and abilities necessary for the effective use of modern programs; development of the ability to independently master software and update and integrate the acquired knowledge. In a modern information society that is constantly evolving, it is important to develop the skills of IT skills among future doctors to make important decisions.
Initial art education
Authors: Zhytnik Тetiana
Published: November 2021

The purpose of research work is analyze the main provisions of the Modern Art School Concept, to determine the key guidelines and the main content of the modern art school’s educational process, proposed by the authors of the document. Tasks of research work: to find out the compliance of the Modern Art School Concept main provisions regarding the possibility of its implementation in practice, to comment it. Research methods: analysis of the document «The concept of a modern art school: Order of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine [date: December 20, 2017 ? 1433]»; generalization of the main provisions, the ratio of the document’s main provisions with others (on approval of the Regulations on the art school: Order of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine [date: August 9, 2018 ? 686]; on approval of Methodical recommendations for the development of urban schools’ educational programs: order of the Ministry of Culture of Ukraine16.07.2018 ? 633], definition of the main document’s trajectories, comments. Results. The authors of the Modern art school concept divide the document into sections: «Initial art education: traditions and foundations», «Contemporary art school: why changes need?», «Model of modern art school» and «Ways to implement the concept».
Study of Telomere and Telomerase Dynamics
Authors: Tseng Chi-Kang
Published: November 2021

Telomerases play a key role in maintaining the necessary level of chromosomal degradation in all cells and so they are an important target for in depth molecular, genetic, and in vivo investigations. Assistant Professor Chi-Kang Tseng, Graduate Institute of Microbiology, National Taiwan
University College of Medicine (NTUCM), Taiwan, specialises in the molecular biology of ribonucleoprotein particles (RNPs), primarily telomerases and spliceosomes and collaborates with clinicians and experts in related fields to ensure his work is as relevant as possible and can potentially
be directly translated into a clinical setting. A key focus for Tseng is on the precise molecular biology behind the function and dynamics of RNPs. He and his team conduct in vivo experimentation in cell cultures of induced pluripotent stem cells, and also CRISPR-based gene editing techniques.
In addition, the researchers have developed a novel technique for the in vitro analysis of telomerase biogenesis. Tseng and the team are also exploring the action and dynamics of the spliceosome. The researchers' work has direct relevance to four key diseases that are associated with telomerases
and/or the spliceosome: Myelodysplastic syndromes; Dyskeratosis Congenita; Parkinson's disease; and cancer.
Development of a long-term care self-efficacy improvement programme for families living with people diagnosed with mild cognitive impairment
Authors: Maruo Satomi
Published: November 2021

Associate Professor Satomi Maruo, Kobe City College of Nursing, Japan, is developing programmes to help families care for their elderly relatives, particularly those with dementia. Her current programme effectively integrates four key sources of self efficacy. A key part of the programme
is improving carers' knowledge bases in order to improve their ability to look after their relatives and enhancing self-efficacy, including 'verbal persuasion' and 'emotional arousal'. Another important element of this work is providing a space for carers to discuss their experiences and understand
that they are not alone; otherwise known as 'vicarious experience'. In addition, through the programme, Maruo provides carers with examples of hypothetical situations they might encounter with their relatives and works through these with them, instilling new ideas and perspectives and leading
to the 'achievement of executive action'. Self-efficacy is a key theme of this work and, in the context of dementia care, it implies mastery of the skills needed by carers to care for their relatives and observe subsequent improvements in cognitive state. This involves anticipating and adapting
to changing circumstances, with symptoms of dementia changing regularly over time.