bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HAK WARIS ANAK ANGKAT DALAM PESPEKTIF UNDANG - UNDANG DAN HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Yasin Ahmad Alamuddin
Published: September 2021

Pengangkatan anak telah dilakukan pada zaman dahulu dengan cara yang berbeda-beda sejalan dengan sistem hukum dan perasaan hukum yang hidup dan berkembang pada masyarakat yang bersangkutan. Persoalan pengangkatan anak atau adopsi memiliki dua dimensi sekaligus, yaitu dimensi sosial kemasyarakatan yang memiliki nilai membantu sesama umat manusia dan dimensi hukum yang berimplikasi pada pola pengaturan antara anak angkat, orang tua angkat dan orang tua kandungnya. Metode penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis yang mengarah pada penelitian hukum normatif, dengan pendekatan penelitian terhadap sistematika hukum. Alat pengumpul data diperoleh dari data sekunder yaitu dengan dengan cara studi pustaka (library research). Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa, berdasarkan Pasal 209 ayat 1 dan 2 KHI, anak angkat berhak mendapatkan bagian dari harta warisan orang tua angkatnya berupa wasiat wajibah, baik ada wasiat maupun tidak ada wasiat. Pasal tersebut memberi pemahaman bahwa anak angkat dalam pembagian harta peninggalan tidak berlangsung dengan jalan saling mewarisi, tetapi melalui wasiat wajibah yang tidak lebih dari 1/3.
Using Students’ L1 (Arabic) in English L2 Classrooms in College Classrooms in Kuwait
Authors: Alazemi Abdullah , Alnwaiem Ahmad F. , Alenezi Abdullah A.
Published: September 2021

This study explored the use of students’ L1 (Arabic) in one of Kuwait’s public institutions—namely, the Public Authority for Applied Education and Training (PAAET). The purpose of this study was three-fold: (1) to look at the functions of using L1, (2) to explore any comprehensibility issues and/or academic gains, and (3) to investigate any psychological issues students face when not using L1. The study employed a two-stage data collection phase, where a total of 278 students participated in the closed-ended questionnaire and 6 students participated in the semi-structured interviews. The results showed that students attach several important aspects to the use of L1 in their L2 classrooms. Students expressed that the inclusion of Arabic eases their intake from lectures and allows them to better understand the lectures’ content. However, the findings also indicated that students object to the overreliance on Arabic and instead prefer that teachers strike a balance between L1 and L2 use to maximize their learning.
Using Online Texts to Build Independent Readers in ESL Classrooms
Authors: Jose Kshema
Published: September 2021

Studies with proficient users of English suggest that readers demonstrate deeper comprehension of texts when reading non-linear hypertexts than when reading linear texts. This is attributed to the networked nature of texts that helps readers exercise cognitive flexibility. An aspect that remains largely unresearched is the potential of linear online texts to facilitate comprehension in readers who are non-proficient users of English. Keeping in mind the fact that a majority of readers reading online texts in English can be hindered by three types of comprehension deficits – low levels of language proficiency, non-availability of prior knowledge, or both – this study investigated the interactive effects of two salient features of online texts, viz., non-linearity in the presentation of text and the availability of additional sources of information, on the reading comprehension of ESL readers. Two groups of readers with high and low levels of English proficiency read twelve texts on familiar and unfamiliar topics in print, linear online, and non-linear online modes. A comparison of readers’ responses to comprehension questions and free recalls showed that those with low linguistic competence and/or topic familiarity were able to achieve better comprehension of linear online texts than print texts or non-linear online texts. The findings indicate that text linearity when combined with the presence of multiple information resources (both provided by the author within the text and freely available on the internet) might have the potential to scaffold linguistic and content knowledge deficits in ESL readers and promote deep levels of comprehension.
Thermodynamic perturbation theory and equation of state developments
Authors: Nezbeda I.
Published: September 2021

An alternative way of utilizing the thermodynamic perturbation theory of Wertheim for the development of equations of state for associating fluid models is presented and detailed for water. The approach makes use of general features of the parameter of non-saturation to avoid the necessary solution of an algebraic equation and unbinds the results from a tight dependence on details of the simple reference fluid model used in the perturbation theory.
Tetrahedrality, hydrogen bonding and the density anomaly of the central force water model. A Monte Carlo study
Authors: Ravnik V. , Hribar-Lee B. , Pizio O. , Lukšič M.
Published: September 2021

Monte Carlo computer simulations in the canonical and grand canonical statistical ensemble were used to explore the properties of the central force (CF1) water model. The intramolecular structure of the H2O molecule is well reproduced by the model. Emphasis was made on hydrogen bonding, and on the tehrahedral, q, and translational, τ, order parameters. An energetic definition of the hydrogen bond gives more consistent results for the average number of hydrogen bonds compared to the one-parameter distance criterion. At 300 K, an average value of 3.8 was obtained. The q and τ metrics were used to elucidate the water-like anomalous behaviour of the CF1 model. The structural anomalies lead to the density anomaly, with a good agreement of the model's density with the experimental ρ(T) trends. The chemical potential-density projection of the model's equation of state was explored. Vapour-liquid coexistence was observed at sufficiently low temperatures.
Relationship between thermodynamic perturbation and scaled particle theories for fused dimers fluids
Authors: Bernard O.
Published: September 2021

Various approaches are reviewed that use scaled particle theories to describe dumbbell fluids made of tangent or overlapped hard spheres. Expressions encountered in the literature are written in a form similar to that presented in the thermodynamic perturbation theory introduced by Wertheim for chains and developed in statistical associating fluid theory (SAFT). Analogies and differences observed in these two types of theoretical descriptions allow one to propose alternative theoretical expressions to describe dumbbell fluids with overlapping spheres.
DNA thermal denaturation by polymer field theory approach: effects of the environment
Authors: Holovatch Yu. , von Ferber C. , Honchar Yu.
Published: September 2021

We analyse the effects of the environment (solvent quality, presence of extended structures - crowded environment) that may have impact on the order of the transition between denaturated and bounded DNA states and lead to changes in the scaling laws that govern conformational properties of DNA strands. We find that the effects studied significantly influence the strength of the first order transition. To this end, we re-consider the Poland-Scheraga model and apply a polymer field theory to calculate entropic exponents associated with the denaturated loop distribution. For the d = 3 case, the corresponding diverging ε = 4-d expansions are evaluated by restoring their convergence via the resummation technique. For the space dimension d = 2, the exponents are deduced from mapping the polymer model onto a two-dimensional random lattice, i.e., in the presence of quantum gravity. We also show that the first order transition is further strengthened by the presence of extended impenetrable regions in a solvent that restrict the number of the macromolecule configurations.
TLR3 Mediates Senescence and Immunosurveillance of Hepatic Stellate Cells
Authors: Zhou Guo , Bei Jiaxin , Li Tianyang , Zhu Kangshun , Tu Zhengkun
Published: September 2021

Background: Activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is an important driver of liver fibrosis, which is a health problem of global concern, and there is no effective solution for it at the present. Senescent activated HSCs are preferentially killed by natural killer cells (NK cells) to promote the regression of hepatic fibrosis. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) on HSCs’ senescence, a trigger for NK cell-induced cytotoxicity. Methods: The senescence of HSCs was assessed by western blot, qRT-PCR, and flow cytometry, and NK cell cytotoxicity was assessed in a co-culture of NK cells with poly I:C-treated HSCs by measuring CD107a expression. Results: The expression of p16, p21, SA-β-gal, MICA/MICB, and ULBP2 increased in poly I:C-treated HSCs, rendering them significantly susceptible to NK cell cytotoxicity. Conclusions: Poly I:C induces cellular senescence in HSCs and triggers NK cell immunosurveillance, suggesting that the role of poly I:C in HSC senescence may promote fibrosis regression.
Filosofia da Física – Física da Filosofia
Authors: Duarte Bruno C. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

The oldest systematic program of German Idealism predicted the emergence of a “large‑scale Physics” that would be given “wings” to rise in the days to come. Similarly, Friedrich Schlegel’s experiments on the paradoxical representation of modern Physics as a “practical science of substance” forced him to radically confront the autonomy of the Philosophy of Nature, one of the dominant issues at the end of the 18th century. Schlegel tried to achieve a “higher Physics” by equating what he called the “Physics of the universe” with a “divine Logic”. This hybrid made him consider “natural Physics” in terms of a “Philosophy of Physics” subsuming within itself a “natural history of nature”. Founded upon an idea of Physics as the quintessence of a science yet to come, unified as a living whole, a Philosophy of Physics necessarily implies a Physics of Philosophy – and urges one to rethink the nature of all philosophy.
Narrative as a Common Technique of Self-Interpretation
Authors: Michel Johann , Carter Nicolas ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Interpretation is both a specific domain in the theory of knowledge (hermeneutics) and a technique suitable for use in the social sciences, and particularly in sociology. Interpretation can be applied to texts, actions and so forth. The aim of this presentation is to delve into the use of interpretation as a common, ordinary technique to establish a relationship with the world or with ourselves when we are faced with problematic, traumatic events. More specifically, we will focus on narrative as a specific type of common technique of interpretation used by individuals and groups seeking to inscribe shocking events into the story of their lives. However, for such a process to be possible, several conditions of possibility (both social and cultural) need to be met, and we will address these conditions in this presentation.
At the Heart of a Decision is a Narrative
Authors: Zaner R. M. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

After a brief review of some of the issues facing ethicists becoming involved in actual clinical situations, as I experienced these at the beginning of my career, I present a detailed narrative focused on a encounter I had with parents of a badly damaged neonate, a situation for which I was asked to provide a consultation focused on unstated ethical issues. The narrative continues through these issues and concludes with what parents described as an acceptable resolution. The essay concludes with a brief indication of what are taken as the basic issues in the situation.
A “Boa Morte” de Bacon
Authors: Marques António Lourenço ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Euthanasia or “good death”, in the early seventeenth century, became part of the field of medical ethics through the English philosopher, Francis Bacon. He advocated that euthanasia, as “sweet and peaceful death” of the sick, should be sought by the physicians, with their care, and disapproved the abandonment, as determined by the Hippocratic tradition. The word euthanasia underwent a change in its Baconian sense, in the nineteenth century, when it came to mean death inten­tionally provoked as a way to achieve “good death.” Palliative medicine, however, represents the realization of current medicine regarding the commitment not to abandon the terminally ill, and to the effective search for a good death through care, as Francis Bacon defended.
Gramsci e i Quaderni: Filosofia Della Prassi e Immanenza tra Materialismo e Idealismo
Authors: Onesti Luca ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Di contro alla lettura che inserisce la filosofia della prassi di Gramsci nella linea di continuità di un “paradigma italiano” che assolutizza il momento soggettivo, l’articolo si concentra sul particolare statuto ontologico su cui poggia la revisione che Gramsci fa del materialismo storico marxiano. Se da un lato la materia è vista come dipendente da una sfera intersoggettiva, che gli conferisce “oggettività” solo quando agisce su di essa in una prassi trasformativa, dall’altro è rimarcato il carattere “immanente” della stesso soggetto storico agente, che si trova in un campo di “contraddizioni oggettive” e solo nella concretezza dell’attività pratica può esercitare egemonia e con ciò inverarsi. Sulla scorta dell’analisi di questa problematica, conil confronto con il testo dei Quaderni, e attraverso la lettura di tre interpreti di Gramsci quali Frosini, Burgio e Losurdo, si riflette infine sul rapporto tra Gramsci e Labriola da un lato e tra Gramsci e Gentile dall’altro.
Reflexões Acerca da Definição Estética de Arte de Monroe Beardsley
Authors: Morokawa Rosi Leny ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Monroe Beardsley presents an aesthetic definition of art in “An Aesthetic Definition of Art” (1983), in which he claims that there is a necessary connection between art and aesthetics. Beardsley proposes that a work of art is something made with the intention of having the capacity to satisfy an aesthetic interest. Noël Carroll claims that there are artworks created without aesthetic intentions and that some artworks do not have the capacity to provide aesthetic experiences. In addition, Carroll argues that there are artworks whose status of art is prior to the appreciation of these works as art. The aim of this paper is to present Beardsley’s aesthetic definition of art and analyze how objections to it can be answered.
O que é o Homem?
Authors: Veríssimo Serrão Adriana ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

In this didactic article several perspectives of the philosophical anthropology are presented, showing at the same time the difficulties in delimiting “the question of Man” as an autonomous discipline. Starting from the ambivalence contained in the expression “philosophical anthropology”, we present some data about the history of the word “anthropology”. Next, the typologies elaborated by Max Scheler and Ernst Cassirer illustrate large explanatory models of what “human-being” means, concluding at the same time by the failure of a historical path leading to uncertainty. Finally, the identification of philosophy with anthropology is referred in Kant and in Ludwig Feuerbach.
A Odisseia do Conceito de Liberdade no Idealismo Alemão
Authors: Marques Vasco Baptista ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

This article analyses – in a necessarily summarized and incomplete way – the antithetical configurations of Fichte’s, Schelling’s and Hegel’s concepts of freedom, taking them as attempts to resolve the fundamental dualism of modern thought, namely: the opposition of spirit and nature.
Georg Simmel, Stefan George und der Erste Weltkrieg
Authors: Hammer Gerd ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Initially, the Great War was received euphorically by many writers and philosophers, including Max Weber, Martin Buber and Max Scheler along with Georg Simmel. For Simmel, the war was synonimous with a greater pace of life, a form of dealing with / overcoming the levelling of society caused by the worshipping of money (´Mammonismus`). This exaltation of the war on the part of intellectuals was not common to all – the harsh criticisms of Simmel´s enthusiasm for the war on the part of Georg Lucácz and Ernst Bloch are well-known. Regarding Stefan George, in 1901 Simmel had written: ´His art has been known since its beginning for the wish to act exclusively like an art (...) the fundamental change is complete: that on the contrary, all content is merely the means for forming values that are purely aesthetics.` Therefore, in the aesthetic of Stefan George, Simmel acknowledges the reason that George will reject the war – contrary to many members of George´s circle (George-Kreis) and has its expression in the poem ´The War`, first published in 1917. This contribution seeks to demonstrate the philosophical and aesthetical reasons for enthusiasm for the war and its rejection by Simmel and George, attitudes that are not able to be explained by the opposition to militarism/pacifism that is normally deployed to distinguish between supporters and critics of the war.
The Educational Role of the Market Sphere
Authors: Teixeira Pedro A. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Hegel is sometimes regarded as a defender of the market system. Recently, Heisenberg (2018) argued that the prevailing view of Hegel is incomplete, as it overlooks a fundamental advantage of the market: its educational role. In his reading, the Hegelian defence of the market system includes seeing the market as the sphere where persons learn both to regard others as individuals with equal standing and equally relevant desires and to see the well-ordered civil society as the space where all social members can find protection and fulfil their needs. I argue that this focus, while inadequate as a sole ground for a critique of today’s market systems, can potentially bring forward new normative critiques of the market. These in turn require departing from Hegel’s baseline assumptions regarding the market sphere and applying this analysis to the locus where the educational impact of markets arguably subsists: the local or national levels.
Alienação, Exteriorização e Reflexão em Hegel e Marx
Authors: Bavaresco Agemir , Iber Christian , Garcia Lara Eduardo ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

Hegel’s theory of reflection plays both a logical and ontological role in Marx’s theory of labour and private property. What is the point of comparison between a Hegelian and a Marxian theory of reflection? The theory of alienation. In Hegel, one has the alienation of thought in reflective thinking – the understanding’s mode of operation; in Marx, the alienation of labour under private property. As an activity, labour has, according to Marx – like the activity of thinking, in Hegel – the structure of negativity: the structure of externalization and return to the self. In the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts (1844), in particular, Marx developed a theory of the externalization of labour in which alienation prevents the latter from fulfilling its return to itself. Labour becomes alienated, leaves itself and remains outside of itself, for it is appropriated by private property.
Feminino e Emancipação Social da Mulher
Authors: Maurício Maria José ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

The present text focuses on the cultural representations of the feminine and on feminine exploitation practices in Western culture, labour and society, through deformed concepts and discriminatory mechanisms within a framework of capitalist production relations. Throughout history, and in light of the confrontation between capital and wage labour, women’s social emancipation has been the subject of debate and reflection, in particular through a materialist and dialectical approach, whose political and ideological implications are still relevant today Using as reference Marx’s “Theses on Feuerbach”, I intend to contribute to the reflection on this theme, starting from thesis 8, which states that “social living is essentially practical”. My aim is to demonstrate the pertinence of Marx’s thesis with regard to social class relations, and its connection with the issues of the feminine and the social status of women in contemporary society. In my view, Marx’s contribution can help contextualize the feminine question, conceptualize key theoretical and practical aspects, arrive at an understanding of the problem and contribute to a transformative practice, aiming at the social emancipation of human beings.
Infant as a Symbolism of Goodness and Innocence in Lao-Zi’s Dao De Jing and Heraclitus’ Fragments
Authors: Papagiannis Lampros I. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

In this article we shall try to explore the ethical aspects of the Dao De Jing and the fragments of the pre-Socratic philosopher Heraclitus based on the symbolism of the infant that they both use. At first a very short introduction needs to be made concerning the basis of morality and the difference between China and Greece. Needless to say we must take into account the general ethical context in the civilizations of ancient China and ancient Greece and indicate (if possible) whether the DDJ is to be seen as a strictly ethical/political text as well as whether Heraclitus’ fragments work as an ethical map for the people of his time and place. I intent to structure this article in two chapters each one dedicated to each of the philosophers along with a short introduction in the beginning. As far as the main chapters are concerned the Lao-Zi’s DDJ will be analyzed at first from the perspective of ethics in connection to the symbol of the infant not rarely used by Lao-Zi. Secondly I shall deal with the ethical thought of Heraclitus and his perspective of the infant found in some of his fragments. Let us keep in mind that apart from the fragments themselves, the witnesses (i.e. stories about his life) play a not less important role in our extracting his philosophical opinions. Lastly we shall try to come to a conclusion concerning the similarities and dissimilarities between Lao-Zi and Heraclitus regarding their views on ethics and especially regarding the use of the infant as a symbol or a pattern.
Razão, Sentimento e Oscilação Cética no Tratado de David Hume
Authors: Pereira Campelo Wendel de Holanda ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2021

This article offers a reading of David Hume’s skeptical “dangerous dilemma”, comparing it with the thought of authors of the seventeenth century as Descartes, Pascal and Huet with regard to the wavering between our natural sentiment and skeptical doubt. Based on this, we propose a different reading of the relationship between sentiment and reason in the Treatise of Human Nature, often taken only negatively and stressed by the interpreters of Hume’s skepticism.
Disporella guada sp. nov., an erect-ramose rectangulate cyclostome (Bryozoa, Stenolaemata) from the Caribbean Sea: convergent evolution in bryozoan colony morphology
Authors: Taylor Paul D. , Harmelin Jean-Georges , Waeschenbach Andrea , Bouchon Claude
Published: September 2021

The taxonomy of cyclostome bryozoans is founded on characters of the skeleton, but molecular sequence data have increasingly shown that established higher taxa are not monophyletic. Here we describe the skeletal morphology of a new species from Guadeloupe (French West Indies) with erect ramose colonies consisting of long, curved zooids that are typical of the suborder Cerioporina among living cyclostomes. However, molecular evidence from nuclear ribosomal RNA genes 18S and 28S places the new taxon in the suborder Rectangulata, where this colony-form has not been previously recorded. It nests firmly within the genus Disporella Gray, 1848, in a strongly supported clade that also includes Plagioecia patina (Lamarck, 1816) (Tubuliporina) and the sister taxa Doliocoitis cyanea Gordon & Taylor, 2001 (Rectangulata) and Favosipora rosea Gordon & Taylor, 2001 (Cerioporina). The short and robust branches of the new Guadeloupe cyclostome, here named Disporella guada Harmelin, Taylor & Waeschenbach sp. nov., are well adapted to life in shallow rocky sites exposed to severe wave action, which appear to be its exclusive habitat.
Thermal energy in Brazil, production and use
Authors: Egídio Andriele , Vieira Giulia Dalmolin , Santos Paulo Henrique , Missuiura Francini Binotto , Machado Lethicia Mann , Moreira Bibiana Scaratti
Published: September 2021

The human being has become mechanical and unable to supply his or her individual and collective needs through subsistent processes; one would need mechanized means for a large-scale production. The energy production enabled the success and dynamics of the process in the industrial revolution, between the 18th and 19th centuries. With the various options for energy production (coal, water, wind, etc), comes the challenge of environmental awareness in measuring the demand for natural raw materials. The main objective of the article is to analyse information about the operation of thermoelectric plants and the use of products and by-products, such as waste and other important aspects. These aspects include the understanding of thermoelectric energy production processes and its advantages and disadvantages, evaluation of the applications of residues and analysis of the cost-benefit of its acquisition, along with the examination of demand for the types of energy used in Brazil. As a regional reference point in Santa Catarina -Brazil – the Jorge Lacerda Complex was the starting point for this study. The data collected and gauged from this work came exclusively from bibliographical research of students and guidance from third-year teachers, from São José School, city of Itajaí -SC. Here they concluded that biomass, as a renewable source in energy generation is already part of the Brazilian electric matrix representing 8.2%. This value is more than twice the amount used worldwide, but it still symbolizes only a complementary source, which concretely results in less harmful waste production. Thermoelectric energy, although not clean, is a less polluting option - compared to other non-renewable ones - and contains technologies that reduce environmental impacts. Examples include the reuse of water, filters at the top of the chimneys to reduce the emission of pollutants, and the use of ashes for cement production. Thus, this article sought to cohesively structure the production of thermoelectric energy, making it clear how the process and impacts on the social environment occur. Information can transform realities, through research, the future can be transformed.
NIST time and frequency bulletin :
Authors: Rodriguez Kelsey
Published: September 2021

The Time and Frequency Bulletin provides information on performance of time scales and a variety of broadcasts (and related information) to users of the NIST services.
Overvejelser om prøver
Authors: Holm Anne Lindebo
Published: September 2021

Prøver og deres resultater er i stigende grad i søgelyset. Både som en  del af uddannelsen for den studerende, men også som dokumentation for institutionens arbejde. Heraf følger, at man må gøre sig nogle overvejelser over hvor sikker man kan være på at bedømmelsen både er pålidelig,og reelt fortæller os noget om det vi måler på. Denne artikel vil gennemgå nogle tanker man som underviser eller studie bør gøre sig i den forbindelse. Der findes ingen perfekte løsninger eller prøveformer, men basale overvejelser kan medvirke til et øget udbytte af eksamen og det der ligner for såvel studerende som institution.
Karaktergivning – intuitiv ekspertise eller ‘viden i praksis’?
Authors: Dohn Nina Bonderup
Published: September 2021

Artiklen anskuer bedømmelse og karaktergivning som en praksis, der udføres af konkrete mennesker i konkrete situationer, og diskuterer på den baggrund, hvori evalueringskompetencebestår. Tesen er, at det er etisk og kompetencemæssigt problematisk at være en ‘dreyfusiansk’ intuitiv ekspert i karaktergivning, og at evalueringskompetence i stedet bør være en ‘viden i praksis’, forstået som en enhed af sprogligt artikulerbare mål, praktisk kunnen og personlige erfaringer med studenterpræstationer. En udskiftning af 13-skalaen hævdes at kunne være et incitament til igangsætning af refleksion over kriterier for bedømmelse.
Undervisningsevaluering som redskab til kvalitetsudvikling af undervisningen
Authors: Andersen Hanne Leth , Søndergaard Louise
Published: September 2021

Artiklen gennemgår et længere forløb ved Det humanistiske Fakultet ved Aarhus Universitet, hvor evalueringspraksis på baggrund af en undersøgelse af fokus i undervisningsevalueringer blev ændret radikalt. Fokus blev bevidst flyttet fra vurdering af lærernes præstationer til refleksion over de studerendes egen læring. Forfatterne argumenterer for at evaluering er en væsentlig del af kvalitetssikringen af undervisningen og diskuterer betingelserne for at beholde et fokus på læringog udvikling i det enkelte forløb og samtidig leve op til krav om gennemsigtighed via vidererapportering af evalueringsresultaterne.
Veiledning i de videregående utdannelser
Authors: Handal Gunnar , Lauvås Per
Published: September 2021

Forskningsvejledning, praksisvejledning, kollegavejledning, hvordan sikrer man kvalitet i alle disse vejledningsformer i uddannelsessystemet?, spørger forfatterne, og de argumenterer for at kvalitetsudviklinger af vejledning forudsætter italesættelse af tavs viden og løbende metakommunikation, både om vejledningens genstand og form. Og sådanne stadige forhandlinger og ekspliciteringer af gensidige forventninger og roller kræver mod af både vejledere og vejledte.
Hvad findes der af litteratur om vejledning? – Litteratursøgning med fokus på publicerede, evidensbaserede studier
Authors: Wichmann-Hansen Gitte , Eika Berit , Mørcke Anne Mette
Published: September 2021

Vejledningen i universitetsregi lever et usynligt liv. Den er ikke formelt beskrevet på universiteterne, og den foregår i det, som både vejledere og studerende opfatter som et intimt rum. Men hvad findes der egentlig af erfaringsbaseret litteratur på området? I denne artikel beskriver artiklens forfattere resultaterne af en litteratursøgning, som de har udført i danske,nordiske og internationale databaser.
Senmodernitetens universitetsstuderende?
Authors: Thomsen Jens Peter
Published: September 2021

I denne artikel vil jeg, på baggrund af et igangværende ph.d.-projekt, søge at nuancere billedet af nutidens unge universitetsstuderende. Med udgangspunkt i empiriske studier på tre universitetsuddannelser vil jeg diskutere senmoderne forståelser af de unge, og jeg vil plædere for at reflektere grundigt over hvilke antagelser man som forsker og underviser har om de unge studerende – det har nemlig konsekvenser for den pædagogiske praksis.
Lærende relationer – Coaching og undervisning
Authors: Janfelt Monika
Published: September 2021

Coaching kan med fordel bruges i forskellige universitetssammenhænge, ikke kun som individuel coaching af studerende omkring opgaveskrivning, eksamen og andre studenterrelaterede temaer, men også i forbindelse med traditionel undervisning og undervisernes pædagogiske udvikling. Coaching handler om læring, og tanken om det ressourcefyldte menneske står helt centralt. Derfor er både tankerne bagved og de praktiske værktøjer i coaching relevant for det universitetspædagogiske felt.Jeg vil i denne artikel beskrive et par coachingværktøjer, og hvordan jeg har prøvet at implementere dem i forbindelse med et undervisningsforløb med førsteårsstuderende på historieved SDU. Jeg vil indledningsvis sige noget alment om, hvad coaching er, for derved at gøre det mere klart, i hvilken sammenhæng de enkelte tilgange og det beskrevne undervisningsforløbskal ses. Ability Spotting og Appreciative Inquiry (AI) er de to coachende tilgange, jeg bragte i spil i et konkret fremlæggelsesforløb, som jeg afslutningsvis beskriver i denne artikel.
Problemorientering set fra tre uddannelsers perspektiv
Authors: Keiding Tina Bering
Published: September 2021

Artiklen rejser spørgsmålet om og i givet fald hvorledes problembegrebet fremstår som et relevant begreb for beskrivelse og refleksion af projektorganiseret undervisning, sådan som den aktuelt udfolder sig på tre uddannelser på Aalborg Universitet. Den konkluderer, at problemorientering i klassisk forstand ikke har nogen betydning på de tre uddannelser. To af uddannelsernefinder problembegrebet problematisk i forhold til uddannelsens faglighed. På alle uddannelser er der tale om eksemplariske og didaktisk tilrettelagte problemer, som refererer til uddannelsens hensigt og indhold, frem for til noget uden for denne. Derimod tildeles projektbegrebet og projektet som organiserende princip en central plads i beskrivelsen af metoden.
»Det lukkede rum« – en dør på klem til specialevejledning
Authors: Jensen Hanne Nexø
Published: September 2021

Døren til ti specialevejledningsmøder er blevet åbnet. Hvad der foregik bag døren giver artiklen et lille indblik i. Tre fund viser, at det er vigtigt at forventningsafstemme det enkelte vejledningsmøde; at faglige, metodiske og processuelle dimensioner i vejledningen smelter sammen i varierende former, herunder at øget opmærksomhed på enkeltdelene kan bidrage til atkvalificere vejledningen, samt at feedback med afsæt i den studerendes dagsorden kan bidrage til at aktivere de studerende
Personlige refleksioner over undervisningskvalitet – Ideer til tre aktiverende øvelser
Authors: Skovgaard Mette Liv
Published: September 2021

Følgende tekst er en kort personlig refleksion over undervisningskvalitet. På baggrund af mine erfaringer fra min undervisning på Roskilde Universitets kommunikationsuddannelse og fra min workshop på DUN konferencen 2009 præsenterer jeg her tre konkrete forslag til deltageraktiverende øvelser, der kan bruges i undervisningssituationer på mindre hold såvelsom til store forelæsninger. Alle øvelserne sigter mod at øge de studerendes refleksion over egen læring. Øvelserne er i høj grad inspireret af Cooperative Learning (2006), en undervisningsstrukturudviklet af Spencer Kagan og Jette Stenlev. Bogen kan varmt anbefales som inspiration til undervisningsplanlægningi universitetsregi.
Grammatikkens rolle i fremmedsprogsundervisning på gymnasiet og universitetet
Authors: Andersen Hanne Leth , Fernández Susana S.
Published: September 2021

Denne artikel har til formål at diskutere tilrettelæggelsen af grammatikundervisningen i fremmedsprogene på gymnasie- og universitetsniveau. På baggrund af resultater fra to empiriskeundersøgelser, som fokuserer på elevers/studerendes og underviseres antagelser om grammatik, påpeger vi nødvendigheden af et forstærket fokus på fagdidaktik og en gentænkning afgrammatikkens rolle i sprogundervisningen.
Kompetencer i matematik ved overgangen mellem det almene gymnasium og universitetet: En SOLO-analyse af progression og vidensformer i læreplaner og kursusbeskrivelser
Authors: Dahl Søndergaard Bettina
Published: September 2021

Artiklen analyserer læringsmålene for det almene gymnasium og kursusbeskrivelser for to universiteter med fokus på progression og vidensformer. Analysen er kvantitativ og brugerSOLO-taksonomien som måleinstrument. Konklusionen er, at der sker et spring nedad i kompetencer ved overgangen, og det diskuteres, om aftagerinstitutionen udvikler andre vidensformerend tidligere trin.
Hvad skal ph.d.- studerende på naturvidenskab vide om undervisning?
Authors: Nielsen Birgitte Lund , Caspersen Michael E. , Dahl Bettina
Published: September 2021

Vi præsenterer en teoretisk analyse af rammesætningen af et kursus i undervisning for ph.d.-studerende ved Det Naturvidenskabelige Fakultet på Aarhus Universitet (NAT-AU).Analysen anvendes som referenceramme for en præsentationaf det udviklede kursus og de studerendes evaluering af første gennemløb. Fremover er et lettere revideret kursus obligatoriskfor alle ph.d.-studerende ved NAT-AU, bl.a. begrundet i de positive erfaringer fra det beskrevne kursus.Med afsæt i den teoretiske analyse og evalueringsresultaterne diskuteres, hvordan man kan indarbejde en progressionstankegang i udvikling af universitetsunderviseres undervisningsfaglighed, der omfatter dette grundkursus og adjunktpædagogikum.
Personlige læringsmiljøer: Universitetsuddannelse på internettet
Authors: Dalsgaard Christian
Published: September 2021

På baggrund af en sociokulturel tilgang til begrebet personlige læringsmiljøer sætter artiklen fokus på, hvordan internettet kan understøtte universitetsstuderendes aktiviteter med henblik på at bevæge uddannelse ud på nettet og ud over institutionelle rammer. Samtidig indeholder artiklen en kritik af e-læringssystemers evner til at udnytte internettets potentialer inden for uddannelse.
Udvikling af et kursus i konceptsyntese for forskellige ingeniørstuderende
Authors: Hansen Claus Thorp
Published: September 2021

Artiklen beskriver revisionen af et kursus i konceptsyntese. Kurset revideres af hensyn til en ny målgruppe med forskellige faglige forudsætninger. Et vigtigt element i kurset er koncepttankegangen: Der skal skabes en ide med produktet, dvs. produktet skal være attraktivt i brugernes perspektiv, og der skal skabes en ide i produktet, dvs. tekniske løsninger skalskabes. Som arbejdsmetode til revisionen vælges en systematisk synteseorienteret fremgangsmåde. Først beskrives kurset i fem dimensioner. Derefter opsøges ideer ved variation i dimensionerne, og forslag til helhedsløsninger skabes. Løsningsforslag vurderes m.h.t. attraktivitet for de forskellige studerende, og om kurset lever op til konceptsyntese som undervisningsobjektog er realiserbart.
Udfordringer i netværkssamfundet – digitale kompetencer og it i nye undervisningsmiljøer
Authors: Levinsen Karin Tweddell
Published: September 2021

Netværksamfundet stiller krav til uddannelsessystemet om at favne en række kompetencer, der internationalt er defineret som nødvendige. Artiklen præsenterer et casestudie der undersøger de didaktiske udfordringer i forbindelse med et autentisk undervisningsforløb på kandidatuddannelsen IT-Didaktisk Design. Casen udgøres af en konkret kompetenceudviklendepraksis der er baseret på en (social) konstruktivistisk og materielt forankret pædagogik. Påstanden er at der er behov for fænomenologisk at udforske kompetenceudvikling forstået somlæreprocesser, for at kunne sige noget om hvordan didaktisk design kan støtte kompetenceudviklingen. Artiklen præsenterer elementer af en sådan fænomenologi.
Clickers, en læringsunderstøttende ressource?
Authors: Mathiasen Helle
Published: September 2021

Clickers er de seneste år blevet brugt specielt indenfor sciencefag på danske universiteter. Med fokus på studerendes tilgang til clickerbrug i fysikundervisning diskuteres hvornår, hvordan og på hvilke præmisser clickers kan være en ressource for studerende og undervisere. Artiklens overordnede konklusion er, at clickerbrug kan fremstå som en kommunikations- og læringsunderstøttende ressource, men at omfanget af nytteværdi afhænger af undervisernespædagogiske og didaktiske tilgange og formåen samt de studerendes tilgange til kommunikativ deltagelse i undervisningen.
Flere studerende – bedre uddannelse
Authors: Laustsen Carsten , Slavensky Henning , Schmidt Ina , Lysgaard Per
Published: September 2021

Denne artikel er en praksisorienteret artikel, der omhandler et praksisorienteret projekt på en praksisorienteret uddannelse.  Artiklen beskriver tiltag og erfaringer på en uddannelse med henblik på at mindske frafaldet og øge optaget. Det drejer sig om Elektroingeniøruddannelsen på AU Herning, hvor der altid har været et stort frafald. Projektet bag tiltagene er det 2-årige projekt ”Flere og bedre studerende”. Et projekt med fokus på at mindske frafaldet samt at rekruttere flere studerende. Et større udbytte af uddannelsen for de studerende er et selvfølgeligt delmål. Af tiltag beskrives funktionen studiementor, mentorvirksomhed, screening for læse-skrivevanskeligheder, studieteknik og pædagogisk dag. I de enkelte tiltag har mål og metode, struktur og bevidstgørelse været kernebegreber. Siden projektstart er frafaldet reduceret fra ca. 50 % til under 20 %.
International trends and strategies in educational development at universities
Authors: Wisdom James
Published: September 2021

This article considers four areas of educational development work which may become more significant in the future. The range and quality of professional development for teaching in higher education has expanded in many countries, the investment in academic frameworks of outcomes, credits and standards has yet to be exploited, the research into student learning is both productive and challenging to existing structures, and the practice of educational development is becoming more extensive – for example, practitioners are now expected to contribute to institutional strategy as much as to provide support for individual lecturers. The article notes significant changes in assumptions about the relations between students, their teachers and their courses, the need for revised approaches to assessment, and the importance of the professional development of the program leader and team to support the modernization of higher education.
Nye læringsmål kræver nye eksamensformer
Authors: Skov Signe
Published: September 2021

Artiklen præsenterer og diskuterer et kvalitetsudviklingsprojekt på RUC som har haft til formål at udvikle eksamensformer så de bliver mere læringsunderstøttende og mere valide og relevante i forhold til de læringsmål uddannelserne opstiller. Artiklen præsenterer eksempler på eksamensformer som udprøver fx samarbejdskompetence og læringskompetence og eksamensformer som gennem problembasering, autencitet og bevidste placering i det samlede læringsforløb understøtter de studerendes læreprocesser.This article presents and discusses a quality enhancement project at Roskilde University Denmark, which focuses on improving assessment practices in order to promote student learning, and to ensure more valid and relevant assessment in relation to the learning goals for subject module courses. The article presents examples of assessments of students’ co-operation as well as examples of problem-based and authentic assessments which support student learning.
Case-baseret undervisning – et overset værktøj for klassiske humanistiske fag
Authors: Schaffalitzky de Muckadell Caroline , Hvithamar Annika
Published: September 2021

Casebaseret undervisning er blevet udbredt, fordi den er velegnet til at træne analyse af problemer med henblik på at foreslå løsninger. Denne artikel argumenterer for, at klassiske humanistiske fag også bør tage metoden til sig, selvom fagene typisk ikke har problemløsning som afgørende målsætning. Udviklingen skal dog hjælpes på vej.Case-based teaching has gained currency because of its beneficial effect on skills and competences aimed at problem solving. This article argues that traditional subjects within the humanities can benefit from case-based teaching even if the subject is not essentially concerned with problem solving. However, the implementation needs to be supported in several ways.
Ph.d.-vejledning i et akademisk, markedsdrevet og samfundsforandrende perspektiv
Authors: Bøgelund Pia , Kolmos Anette
Published: September 2021

Denne artikel identificerer og analyserer 3 idealtypiske ph.d.–vejlednings­per­spektiver, der korresponderer med forskellige forståelser af viden­skabs­syn og akademiske værdisæt. De 3 vejledningsperspektiver bygger på en inter­viewundersøgelse blandt 12 erfarne vejledere ved Det Teknisk-Na­tur­videnskabelige Fakultet på Aalborg Universitet. De identificeres på baggrund af vidensskabssyn og empirisk analyse, og udgør 1) et klassisk akademisk perspektiv; 2) et nyt management perspektiv, der i højere grad vægter projektledelse og produktivitet samt 3) et samfundsforandrende perspektiv baseret på uddannelse af forandringsagenter og ’empowerment’ af den ph.d.-studerende. Artiklen konkluderer, at ph.d.-vejlederes viden­skabs­syn og akademiske værdisæt sætter rammerne for udfoldelsen af vejlederrollen og valg af værktøjer, og som sådan bør ph.d.-vejledere eksplicit stifte bekendtskab med og diskutere disse væsensforskellige perspektiver på vidensproduktion.   This article aims to identify  successful strategies used by PhD supervisors when assessing knowledge production, taking into account their perceptions of science in a contextual and historical setting. The empirical data is made up of statements from 12 supervisors from two different research programs at the Faculty of Engineering and Science at Aalborg University. Three different supervisory perspectives are identified in relation to their understanding of knowledge production: A classical professional perspective, a perspective based on productivity management and a perspective based on change agency and empowerment. In the final discussion it is argued that in light of current challenges that include pressure to increase the number of PhD students and secure an international profile for the PhD education program a balanced use of all three perspectives could prove beneficial.
En problematisering af samspillet mellem centrale pædagogiske principper på arkitektuddannelsen
Authors: Grønbæk Niels , Møller Camilla Hedegaard
Published: September 2021

Ud fra John Deweys erfaringspædagogik, bygget op om begreberne erfaring, situation og samspil, undersøges aspekter af en strukturel adskillelse af målstyrede og projektbaserede undervisningspraksisser med arkitektuddan­­nelsen på Kunstakademiets Skoler for Arkitektur Design og Konservering som eksempel på en uddannel­­­se baseret på både et videnskabeligt og et kunstnerisk grundlag. Det dis­kuteres om den også konkret rumlige adskillelse af de to grundlags respektive pædagogiske platforme i henholdsvis kursusundervisning og projektundervisning er tilsigtet og hensigtsmæssig med særligt henblik på at opspore tiltag, der kan styrke uddannelsens forskningsbasering. I et bredere perspektiv plæderer artiklen for etableringen af fagstudiemiljøer til befordring af erfaringsdannelsen i samspilssituationer på tværs af grundlag - i dette tilfælde det kunstneriske og videnskabelige.    John Dewey’s pedagogy of experience, inspired by the concepts of experience, situation and interaction forms the frame for contemplating the apparent conflict between curriculum and project based pedagogical methods encompassing both the sciences and the arts. Investigating a particular case, the article considers whether the spatial separation of practiced pedagogical methods relative to the scientific and the artistic, has been intentional and appropriate. The inquiry aims at identifying new ways of strengthening the scientific basis of the education framework under discussion. Considering Dewey’s understanding of a learning context as ‘total social set-up’ the article in a broader perspective, argues in favour of an understanding of ‘learning context’ potentially as ‘context which learns’: Accordingly, given that the total social set-up of learning is considered dynamic rather than static the article suggests to affect such dynamic processes deliberately. In conclusion such deliberations, as motivated by pedagogical intentions of integrating scientific and artistic disciplines in the total social set-up, are considered.