bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biliary giardiasis in raccoons (Procyon lotor)
Authors: SZCZEPANIAK KLAUDIUSZ , TOMCZUK KRZYSZTOF , ULBRYCH ŁUKASZ , ZIĘBA PRZEMYSŁAW , STUDZIŃSKA MARIA
Published: June 2023

Giardiasisis one of the most significant gastrointestinal diseases caused by a cosmopolitan protozoa Giardia duodenalis. The infection occurs in many animals, including wild raccoons (Procyonlotor), that may play a role in disseminating Giardia cysts into the environment and transmitting it to humans and domestic animals. Giardiasis has various clinical manifestations, including diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and upset stomach or nausea. Active trophozoites normally attach to the mucous membrane of the duodenum and upper jejunum, however few cases of biliarygiardiasis have been reported in humans. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of Giardia localization in the gall bladder of raccoons. Bile and feces samples collected from each of the 34 test animals were used for the study. Giardia specific antigen was detected by a rapid immunochromatographic test using stool and bile samples. The overall prevalence was 38.2% (13/34, 95% CI, 21.0-55.4%). Positive results were obtained from 8 stool samples 23.5% (95% CI, 8.5-38.6%) and 13 bile samples 38.2% (95% CI, 21.0-55.4%). In all stool-positive raccoons, the infestation was confirmed by bile examination. In five cases a positive result was obtained only from the bile sample. The detection of the specific antigen GSA65 in the bile of the studied raccoons confirms that, similarly to humans, also in animals in the course of Giardia infection trophozoites can be localized both in the intestine and in the bile ducts.
Animal Diplomacy between People’s Republic of China and Socialist States
Authors:   10.21638/spbu02.2023.112, Liu Xiaochen , Sun Yizhi
Published: June 2023

For a long time, Western countries relied on science to conduct diplomatic activities and scientific research. During the Cold War, there was a wide exchange and even confrontation between the East and West camps and the major powers in many scientific fields. After 1949, The People’s Republic of China initiated an active stage of learning from the Soviet Union, and the creation of Chinese science was supported by the Soviet scientific community. This influence was particularly noticeable in the field of Chinese biology, especially zoology. A large number of Soviet scientists came to China to impart their knowledge, and many classic Soviet scientific works were translated into Chinese. In the 1950s, Chinese scientists published a large number of translations and descriptions of works by T. D. Lysenko and I. V. Michurin in journals such as Bulletin of Biology and other periodicals, which laid the foundation for Michurin’s teachings in Chinese biology and zoology. In 1953, Indian Prime Minister Nehru gifted an elephant to Chinese children, but due to the lack of skills and experience in keeping elephants, Beijing approved the creation of courses for training personnel in animal care and invited the director of the Moscow Zoo I. P. Sosnovskii to give lectures in Beijing and Shanghai to train Chinese specialists. China systematically embraced the Soviet system of knowledge in the areas of animal breeding and cultivation, and shaping of zoo functions. From then on, China and the USSR had developed extremely close cooperation in animal exchanges, academic exchanges, and “animal diplomacy”, which has had an impact to this day.
Ideology of the Movement of Liberal Legalists and the Theory of Conservative Liberalism
Authors:   St. Petersburg Institute (branch) of the All-Russian State University of Justice (RLA of the Ministry of Justice of Russia), Rybin Danil V.
Published: June 2023

The great reforms of Alexander II formed a movement of liberal lawyers in the Russian Empire who were seeking ways of modernization of the country’s socio-political system on European models. We propose referring to this group of lawyers as “liberal legalists”. Liberal legalists are understood as an association of liberal dignitaries of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th — early 20th centuries, mainly judiciaries and legal scholars. The ideology of legalists can be defined as conservative liberalism, and their ideological inspiration was the famous legal scholar B. N. Chicherin. The movement of liberal legalists has not been studied in historical science, yet this topic seems important for the formation of a holistic and objective picture of the socio-political history of the Russian Empire in the second half of the 19th and early 20th centuries. The degree of participation of legalists in the general conservative-liberal movement of the empire at the turn of the century deserves a separate discussion. This movement encompassed like-minded circles of zemstvo and urban intelligentsia, and part of the middle- and upper-class bourgeoisie. In contrast to the history of the organization of zemstvo unions described in scholarship, the history of legalist activity as a socio-political movement has not been identified or defined. The use of archives of legalist societies, memoirs and diaries of imperial lawyers enables to reconstruct this movement and determine its role in the liberation movement. The use of the problem-based approach and chronological method made it possible to carry out this reconstruction.
Organization of the Clothing Supply of the Russian Army during the First World War
Authors:   Lomonosov Moscow State University, Belov Sergey I.
Published: June 2023

The article deals with an under-researched problem of the history of the supply of the Russian army during the First World War — the organization of clothing supply. The author adopts a micro-historical approach, focusing his interest on the Shuiskii district of the Vladimir province. On the basis of the analyzed archival documents, the author comes to the conclusion that during the first year of the war, supplies were provided without the creation of special organizations. The situation changed in the summer of 1915. In July — August 1915, a network of army supply committees was created in the Vladimir province. This was the result of an attempt by the state and public organizations to build a single vertical of supply. After that, a range of items supplied to the army from the Shuiskii district expanded significantly — in addition to short fur coats, it includes sledges, carts, bushings, wheels, shell boxes. However, in the real process of fulfilling these orders the administrative and technological chain for the procurement of complex items of equipment was constantly faltering. This led to the refusal to work on complex orders — from the summer of 1916, the Shuiskii Committee switched exclusively to the delivery of cloth for foot wraps and woolen gloves to the army. In general, a detailed analysis of the work of the Shuiskii Supply Committee reveals the main reasons for the inconsistency in the work of zemstvos for supplying the army in 1914–1917.
Everyday Life of the Staff in Koltuban Filtration Camp
Authors:   HSE University, Latyshev Artem V.
Published: June 2023

The article examines the everyday life of the staff of Koltuban filtration camp. It operated from early 1942 to autumn 1943 in the west of the Chkalov (Orenburg) region. Its task was to filter Soviet soldiers who returned from captivity or who had been in the occupied territory. The article describes the identity of the camp commanders, the sources of recruitment of ordinary employees, their number, educational levels and gender composition. In many respects, the camp staff were close to inmates: forced mobilization for service, harsh material conditions, the desire to go to the front. Strict discipline was maintained among minor staff members, but large-scale theft and embezzlement was regularly carried out mainly by middle-ranking management. Everyday contacts between the guards and inmates primarily centred around trade and barter. Cases of aggression and cruelty are not reflected in the documents, neither are close contacts between the staff and the inmates. This article pays special attention to the tensions among the camp administration due to the uncertain status of the filtration camps. The special department not only maintained its independence in filtration but also claimed to play the main role in the management of the entire camp. The prosecutor sought to go beyond the boundaries of his functions. The commissar wanted to solve all issues on an equal footing with the head of the camp and make changes to the regime for inmates, which would turn the filtration camp into a kind of reserve military unit.
Russian History in the Monumental Sculpture of Pre-Revolutionary Saint Petersburg
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Sosnitsky Dmitry A.
Published: June 2023

The article is devoted to the analysis of the complex of monumental sculptures of pre-revolutionary St Petersburg in terms of their influence on the construction of mass ideas about the history of Russia. The list of monuments created and installed in St Petersburg since the beginning of the 18th century until 1917 has been compiled on the basis on the analysis of reference books and researches. The article describes the circumstances of installation of some significant monuments, their interpretation of objects of historical memory (historical figures, events, phenomena). The author also analyses active participation of some emperors (Catherine II, Alexander III, Nicholas II) in the creation of projects for monuments to historical figures and events and their role in the formation of the sculptural appearance of StPetersburg. The study outlines three main groups of monuments and describes the quantitative proportion between them. It identifies the most popular heroes of the Russian history and concludes about the reasons for the popularity of various heroes and plots. The article provides calculations that demonstrate quantitative trends in the installation of monuments during the period in question. The study includes analysis of the press of St Petersburg devoted to the unveiling of some monuments and to expert opinions about the monuments. The article makes conclusions about the reasons for the dominance of monuments to rulers, statesmen, and representatives of the imperial family over other groups and analyses the image of the past formed by the monumental sculpture of St Petersburg in the imperial period.
From Cyclism to Theologism, or Again about the Peculiarities of Russian History
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Dvornichenko Andrey Yu.
Published: June 2023

This article was written as a response to the discussion in the previous issue. The concept of the author was regarded by B. N. Mironov as cyclic-pendulum, or inversion nature of Russia’s development. According to it, Russia, unlike the West, is characterized not by progressive, but by spasmodic pendulum development: progress is replaced by reaction, movement goes in a vicious circle. However, this concept is only a part of the whole theory of Dvornichenko, which states, in essence, that the state emerged in the Russian history late, only in 16th century, and in time acquired unique features of state-serfdom system. This system was from time to time disturbed by so called “Smutas” (crises). It is possible to regard these phenomena as cyclic, but it is necessary to take into account that the state after a period of crisis, on the one hand, revives, but on the other hand, there is a tendency towards collapse during such periods and a possibility of the state’s final dissolution. Some neglect of these phenomena in our history and the desire to study only so-called modernization leads historians to a biased picture of the Russian history, which glosses over the truth. This is evident in the works of B. N. Mironov and his adherents, particularly, in the articles published within the framework of this discussion. One could not overestimate a positive impact of authoritarian power in our history because it is a main cause of every “smuta”. In general, we shouldn’t exaggerate the achievements of the country because the price of every crisis period with the process of demodernization is dear. For the further understanding of the Russian history new and active discussions are necessary.
A Historian in a Military Overcoat of a Volunteer
Authors:   Don State Technical University, Morozova Olga M.
Published: June 2023

The article is a review of the monograph by the St Petersburg historian A. S. Puchenkov “The first year of the Volunteer Army: from the emergence of the Alekseevskaia organization to the formation of the Armed Forces in the South of Russia (November 1917 — December 1918)” (St Petersburg: Vladimir Dal, 2021. 813 p.). The main task of the book is to present the most comprehensive chronology of events. The conclusions of the monograph about the role of key events and figures during the initial stage of the existence of the Volunteer Movement — M. V. Alekseev, A. M. Kaledin, V. V. Shulgin, A. I. Denikin, ataman P. N. Krasnov — are of the greatest interest for the review. This article focuses on the author’s position on debatable issues: on the correctness of choosing the Don as a springboard for gathering the future army; on the consequences of the decisions concerning the directions and goals of the First and Second Kuban campaigns; on the influence of relationships between leaders on the fate of the movement; on the results of military and state building for the first year of the existence of the Volunteer Movement. The review also makes critical remarks regarding the methods of working sources, too heterogeneous and contradictory to be used as a single explanatory basis. The approach of the author of the monograph is also characterized by his selective attitude to the opinions of eyewitnesses, in particular, more favourable to representatives of the mainstream, pro-Denikin, direction of white émigré literature.
Linguocultural evaluation specifics in German and Russian reviews on sociology
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Stepanov Evgenii S.
Published: June 2023

The article raises the issue of linguocultural specifics of evaluation strategies in scientific expert practices of Russia and Germany. The relevance of the work is explained by its inclusion in the modern context of interdisciplinary studies and its focus on linguistic, sociolinguistic and linguoculturological aspects of examination of evaluative linguistic means. It is revealed that the communicative practice of scientific expertise is pivotal for verification and axiomatisation of scientific knowledge. The material for the study are German and Russian corpora of scientific sociology reviews, with the evaluation predication being chosen as the main analysis unit. The analysis of predications is carried out using qualitative and quantitative methods, including both statistical analysis of quantitative corpus data and their interpretation based on context, authorial intention and the type of specific evaluative meanings within the frame-work of real communicative practices. The novelty of the study consists in the identification of sociolinguistic features of rational and emotional evaluation procedures in scientific sociological discourse in Russia and Germany. It is found that German- and Russian-speaking reviewers use different specific evaluation strategies. Whereas in German-language sociological reviews, the focus is on rational evaluation by validity, clarity and completeness criteria for an objectively detached work examination, Russian reviewers widely use emotional evaluation to express their attitude and personal interest. German-language reviews are generally characterised by a significantly higher degree of evaluative saturation, with evaluations roughly equally distributed into the positive and negative groups, in contrast to Russian-language reviews, where negative evaluations are scarcely found.
The meaning and functions of pragmatic markers in Russian oral speech
Authors:   Perm State University, Erofeeva Elena V.
Published: June 2023

* Review: Pragmatic Markers of Russian Everyday Speech: dictionary-monograph. Bogdanova-Beglaryan N. V. (comp., ed., forew.). The reviewed dictionary-monograph Pragmatic Markers of Russian Everyday Speech (St Petersburg, 2021) is devoted to the lexicographic description of pragmatic markers, considered as a class of discursive words whose typical features (absence of denotation, lexical and grammatical meanings, multi-categorization, multi-functionality) are manifested to the highest degree. The dictionary-monograph is the first dictionary that provides a detailed description of over 60 Russian discursive units in various contexts and in the variety of their functions, which makes it a unique phenomenon in modern Russian linguistic studies. The genre of the publication is defined not as a dictionary but as a dictionary-monograph, since the dictionary entries are not traditional. They are more like linguistic essays which include both common lexicographic zones and rich illustrative material, as well as the functions of the markers in speech. In addition, the description is given not in the genre of a dictionary but rather in the genre of a scientific article. All this provides extensive material important for understanding the functioning of markers in speech; without such data the dictionary of discursive units would not make sense. The dictionary is based on the results of work of many linguists while creating the corpora One speech day and Balanced annotated text collection and processing the richest material from these sources. The structure of the dictionary-monograph includes the editor’s preface, the dictionary of pragmatic markers itself, and some final reflections. The editor’s preface is a theoretical introduction that explains to the reader the point of view of the authors’ team on the units of the dictionary, and the results of the studies on how they function in speech. The most important part of the theoretical introduction is the typology of pragmatic markers based on the functions they perform in speech. The dictionary entry includes the headword, all the functions of the pragmatic marker, rich illustrative material from everyday speech for each of the marker’s functions and, in some cases, statistics on the use of the marker in a particular function. The dictionary clearly demonstrates multi-functionality of pragmatic markers. In conclusion, the author-compiler notes that the work on the dictionary is still in progress, and it is open for additions. A multimedia version of the dictionary is already available.
Stereotype-based helplessness: Statement of the problem
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Strizhitskaya Olga , Petrash Marina ,   St. Petersburg State University, Golubitskaya Daria ,   St. Petersburg State University, Kuzmina Maria ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: June 2023

The work is devoted to the analysis of phenomena associated with the aging period: stereotypes about aging and learned helplessness. For several decades, modern society has been facing the problem of improving the quality of life of older people in the face of increasing life expectancy. The formation of aging strategies at earlier stages is considered as one of the most progressive approaches to improving the quality of life. However, the use of these strategies is mediated by both negative and positive factors. Our analysis shows that at the junction of two specific psychological phenomena — stereotypes about aging and learned helplessness, there may be another little-studied mechanism — stereotype-based helplessness. Our analysis showed that stereotypes about aging are widespread and have a variety of effects, including positive ones, however, the power of negative effects is several times higher than positive ones. In turn, learned helplessness is a mechanism when, based on his/her negative experience, a person stops trying to achieve any result. We suggested that the basis for such helplessness can be not only the direct experience acquired by a person, but also the stereotypes one has learned. The concept introduced by us has a high potential for both theoretical and practical applications. We believe that a decrease in activity caused by stereotype-based helplessness can cause accelerated processes of curtailment of mental functions during aging, as a result, the study of the mechanisms of stereotype-based helplessness will, on the one hand, expand our understanding of the mechanisms of aging, first of all, evaluate this mechanism as a risk factor for productive aging, on the other hand, understanding the psychological predictors of stereotype-based helplessness will help in the future to create practical techniques to reduce the risks of its manifestation.
Suitable sites for groundwater development: a capture map-based approach integrated with weighted overlay analysis
Authors: Bajpai Mayank , Gaur Shishir , Kumar Ranveer , Ohri Anurag , Piégay Hervé
Published: June 2023

A novel methodology for suitable site selection for groundwater development based on river capture, pumping cost, and groundwater potential has been proposed for better groundwater utilisation. River capture and cost map have been generated from a calibrated groundwater model, simulated with forecasted hydrological time series data. The groundwater potential has been calculated with weighted overlay analysis. These three variables have been used to classify the model domain into five zones of groundwater development by K-Means clustering. The area with lower river capture, low cost of pumping, and high groundwater potential is found to be the best location for groundwater extraction. The methodology has been applied to the lower Ain River basin, in France.
Implant therapy in a higher education institution: changes or paradigms?
Authors: Erica Bugone  , João Paulo De Carli  , Karen Hartmann Machado  , Ana Carla Menegon  , Fernando Tolfo Rodrigues  , Moisés Zacarias Cardoso  , Giordana Picolo Furini  , Julia Zandoná  , Maria Salete Sandini Linden
Published: June 2023

Since the 1970, dental rehabilitation of partially or totally edentulous patients has been an increasingly used practice, due to improved materials and methods and high rates of survival and success. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate patients from the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Passo Fundo, between 2015 and 2018, with indication and installation of dental implants. Material and methods: Data on age and gender of the patients, indication and region of the implants, technique, type of connection and shape of the implants, bone density, need for grafting and image modality used for surgical planning were collected from dentistry records. Results: In total, 55 patients and 105 implants were evaluated. The age group ranged from 21 to 82 years, and women were the majority group (64%). Among the implant indications, 71% of the patients had only one tooth missing, and the lower first molars comprised most of the implants performed (21%). The conventional surgical technique was the most used (86%), as well as the cylindrical shape cone morse model. Conclusion: The proper selection of indications for implants seeks to be based on scientific evidence, and the protocols are essential to achieve high success rates.
Intrinsic and extrinsic dental erosion: literature review
Authors: Ariane Beatriz Blancato  , Mariana Martins Bruno  , Marina Faria Mendonça  , César Penazzo Lepri
Published: June 2023

Dental erosion is the irreversible loss of tooth structure by a chemical process, without bacterial involvement. Its etiology is multifactorial, characterized by factors of chemical, biological and behavioral origin, being divided into intrinsic or extrinsic origin. Objective: To present the main factors that may trigger erosion lesions, relating them to the concept, diagnosis, clinical features, etiological factors, prevention and treatment. Material and methods: Scientific articles found in PubMed (English), SciELO (Portuguese) and Google Acadêmico (Portuguese) between the years 2010 and 2022. Results: Intrinsic factors are those associated with the presence of endogenous acids such as gastric acid, somatic disorders, periods of pregnancy, alcoholism and gastrointestinal problems. Extrinsic factors are related to eating habits, frequent intake of acidic beverages and foods, and oral administration of medications. The most common clinical characteristic is loss of enamel luster, a smooth, U-shaped surface, which with persistent exposure to acid forms concavities and excavations on the occlusal and incisal surfaces. It affects the palatal surface of the upper anterior teeth and the occlusal surface of the posterior teeth. The consequences of dental erosion include dental hypersensitivity and marginal degradation of existing restorations. Conclusion: Dental erosion can cause serious complications, requiring patient compliance. The professional’s knowledge of the etiological factors, associated with a good anamnesis and a detailed clinical examination, decides the best treatment, whether preventive or restorative for more severe cases, thus improving the patient’s quality of life.
Uso da prótese dentária e suas repercussões no contexto de vida de pessoas idosas: revisão integrativa
Authors: Tarciana Ferreira Serafim  , Francisco Wellington Dourado Júnior  , Jamylle Lucas Diniz  , Andréa Carvalho Araújo Moreira  , Saiwori de Jesus Silva Bezerra dos Anjos
Published: June 2023

A perda total ou parcial dos dentes é um fenômeno que acomete grande parcela de pessoas idosas, sendo resultante de diferentes fatores de caráter biológico, comportamental e psicossocial. Desse modo, o uso de prótese dentária faz-se necessário a fim de preservar a autonomia na velhice. Objetivo: Identificar na literatura científica as repercussões do uso de prótese dentária no contexto de vida de pessoas idosas. Material e métodos: Revisão integrativa, cuja busca de artigos ocorreu no mês de dezembro de 2020, nas seguintes bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências de Saúde (Lilacs), BBO-Odontologia, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) e Scientific Eletronic Library Online (SciELO). Foram incluídos artigos cuja pesquisa tratasse de pessoas de 60 anos ou mais e que versasse sobre uso de prótese dentária e suas repercussões no contexto de vida. Resultados: Analisaram-se dez artigos, os quais evidenciaram que a parcela populacional de idosos usuários de prótese dentária consiste em sua maioria de mulheres, com faixa etária entre 65 e 80 anos, com nível de escolaridade baixo ou médio e de classe socioeconômica baixa. Além disso, verificou-se que o uso da prótese pela população geriátrica apresenta repercussões positivas em seu contexto de vida, principalmente no que diz respeito à capacidade mastigatória e fonação. Conclusão: É necessária uma reorganização dos serviços de saúde numa perspectiva da promoção da saúde bucal e de políticas públicas que garantam o acesso efetivo e o atendimento bucal eficaz dessa população.
Condutas em urgências e emergências médicas em consultório odontológico
Authors: Daniel Ferreira Correa  , Rafael Alcântara Morais  , Railson Serra Barros  , Andrea Lucia Almeida de Carvalho  , Maria Aurea Lira Feitosa  , Marilia Leal Ferreira Lago
Published: June 2023

As emergências médicas em consultório odontológico podem acontecer em qualquer atendimento realizado pelo cirurgião[1]dentista. O discernimento profissional acerca do assunto e seus impactos podem vir a ser fator determinante para manejo dos pacientes em situações de ansiedade, quadro simples, pelo medo cultural do ambiente odontológico ou por ausência de informação dos procedimentos, ou até mesmo em caso de infarto do miocárdio. Isso facilita a aceitação do tratamento pelo paciente, de modo a amenizar as intercorrências que podem evoluir para situações médicas mais graves, sem adequada condução. Objetivo: Apresentar e/ou discutir por meio de uma revisão integrativa as principais condutas em urgências e emergências médicas, mais frequentes em consultório odontológico, com o intuito de ampliar o conhecimento de profissionais e estudantes da área de Odontologia, de forma a elevar o nível de segurança dos profissionais quanto às medidas a serem tomadas diante de ocorrências dessa natureza. Conclusão: Uma anamnese criteriosa pode prevenir possíveis urgências e emergências no consultório odontológico. Havendo situações de urgência e emergência, o conhecimento adquirido acerca da temática é de suma importância para a correta condução dos casos.
Alternative soft tissue management techniques in posterior region of immediate implant
Authors: Fernanda Angeloni de Souza  , Catarina Borges da Fonseca Cumerlato  , Matheus Coelho Blois
Published: June 2023

Management of soft tissues in posterior region after immediate implant placement is a treatment widely performed in the dentists’ clinical practice. However, due to many particularities of this kind of treatment it is still considered a great challenge. Objective: In this way, the aim of this paper is to report three cases that describe an alternative and simpler direct technique of customized immediate posterior healing abutment after immediate implant placement. Case report: The cases were performed using an alternative technique of customized immediate posterior healing abutment, which aims to guide the peri-implant tissue healing, preserving the anatomic emergence form and avoiding the need of a second surgery. Conclusion: We could observe that customized healing abutments assist in tissue stability, facilitate hygiene during the healing period, reduce the number of surgery steps, reduce the amount of consultations for tissue conditioning and it is a more cost-effective treatment for the patient and professional.
Avaliação de diferentes métodos para mensuração de ureia na saliva de pacientes com doença renal crônica
Authors: Gabriela Camargo Barbosa  , Daffny Cunha Fernandes  , Paula Roberta Perondi Furtado  , Gianini Pasiznick Apati  , Luiz Carlos Machado Miguel  , Jussara Maria Gonçalves
Published: June 2023

Estudos recentes têm apontado que a saliva contém ureia em sua composição, mostrando-se um veículo de grande valia para a mensuração desse tipo de substância. Objetivo: Avaliar dois métodos para mensuração de ureia por meio da saliva e comparar com o padrão ouro em diagnóstico (exame hematológico). Material e métodos: Realizou-se a coleta salivar dos pacientes do grupo teste (n=30) na Fundação Pró-Rim (Joinville/SC) durante o período pré[1]hemodiálise e dos pacientes do grupo controle (n=30) na Clínica de Odontologia da Universidade da Região de Joinville (Univille – Joinville/SC). Todas as amostras foram submetidas aos dois testes: 1) kit ureia enzimática (Bioclin, Brasil); 2) tiras colorimétricas de nitrogênio ureico salivar SUN (Integrated Biomedical Technology, EUA). Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos a análise estatística (teste de Wilcoxon). Resultados: A média de ureia presente na saliva dos pacientes do grupo teste foi de 126,7, 44,8 e 144,2 mg/dl, de acordo com os testes 1, 2 e o padrão ouro (exame hematológico), respectivamente. O kit de ureia enzimática (Bioclin) apresentou um resultado muito semelhante aos exames hematológicos (p=0,090), enquanto as tiras colorimétricas SUN tiveram um resultado significativamente diferente (p=0000). Entre os pacientes do grupo controle, o índice de ureia apresentado foi inferior em comparação aos pacientes com insuficiência renal, sendo 28,4 e 20,3 mg/dl para os testes 1 e 2, respectivamente. Conclusão: O kit ureia enzimática (Bioclin) evidenciou resultados fidedignos quando comparado ao exame hematológico. Portanto, sugere-se a ampliação do uso desse produto para mensuração de ureia na saliva, além das tradicionais análises de sangue.
Análise de três métodos de estimativa da idade pela mineralização dentária em crianças do Sul do Brasil
Authors: Julia Carelli  , Gabriela Sabrina da Silva  , Mariana Vegini Gomes  , Camila Kaminsk  , Helena Zimmermann Correa  , Nilza Cristina de Valor Gonçalves Wilhelmsen  , Cristiano Miranda de Araújo  , Camila Paiva Perin  , Natanael Henrique Ribeiro Mattos  , Kesly Ribeiro Andrade  , Flares Baratto-Filho  , Celia Maria Condeixa de França Lopes  , João Armando Brancher
Published: June 2023

O desenvolvimento biológico de um indivíduo pode ser determinado pela maturidade dentária, a qual é relacionada com a maturidade esquelética, sendo determinada pelo estágio de formação dental. Objetivo: Correlacionar o método de Hofmann et al. (2016) com os métodos de Demirjian et al. (1973), Cameriere et al. (2006) e a idade cronológica para estimar a maturidade dentária em crianças do Sul do Brasil. Material e métodos: Analisaram-se 9.117 prontuários odontológicos de pacientes da Clínica Integrada Infantil da Universidade da Região de Joinville (Univille) de ambos os sexos, com idades entre 6 e 12 anos. Dos 9.117 prontuários, 8.888 foram excluídos do estudo por não apresentarem radiografia panorâmica e 161 por não apresentarem o germe dentário dos quatro terceiros molares permanentes, critério para aplicação do método de Hofmann et al. (2016). Portanto, a amostra foi composta por 68 radiografias panorâmicas, e aplicaram-se os três métodos de desenvolvimento dentário. Os dados encontrados foram analisados pelos testes Shapiro-Wilk e Mann-Whitney. Resultados: A média da idade cronológica para o sexo feminino foi de 9,55 anos e para o masculino foi de 9,80 anos. Superestimativas de idade foram observadas após o uso dos métodos de Demirjian et al. (1973) e Hofmann et al. (2016). Conclusão: O método de Cameriere et al. (2006) teve mais precisão na estimativa da idade cronológica da amostra estudada.
Application of Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Diagnosis of
Lumbosacral Nerve Root Compression
Authors: Cheng Haiyan , Lan Honglin , Bao Yuanyuan , Yin Liqiang
Published: June 2023

Objective:

The aim of this study was to assess the value of 3.0T magnetic resonance (MR) Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in the diagnosis of lumbosacral nerve root compression.

Methods:

The radiology reports, and clinical records of 34 patients with nerve root compression caused by lumbar disc herniation or bulging and 21 healthy volunteers who had undergone magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and DTI scan were retrospectively reviewed. The differences in fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) between compressed and non-compressed nerve roots from patients and the normal nerve roots from healthy volunteers were compared. Meanwhile, the nerve root fiber bundles were observed and analyzed.

Results:

The average FA and ADC values of the compressed nerve roots were 0.254 ± 0.307 and 1.892 ± 0.346 10^-3mm2/s, respectively. The average FA
and ADC values of the non-compressed nerve roots were 0.377 ± 0.659 and 1.353 ± 0.344 10^-3mm2/s, respectively. The FA value of compressed
nerve roots was significantly lower than that of non-compressed nerve roots (P < 0.01). The ADC value of compressed nerve roots was
significantly higher than that of non-compressed nerve roots. There were no significant differences between the left and right nerve roots of normal
volunteers in FA and ADC values (P > 0.05). The nerve roots at different levels of L3-S1 had significantly different FA and ADC values (P <
0.01). Incomplete fiber bundles with extrusion deformation, displacement or partial defect were observed in the compressed nerve root fiber
bundles. The real diagnosis of the clinical situation of the nerve can provide neuroscientists with an important computer tool to help them infer and
understand the possible working mechanism from the experimental data of behavior and electrophysiology.

Conclusion:

The compressed lumbosacral nerve roots can be accurately localized through 3.0T magnetic resonance DTI, which is instructive for accurate clinical diagnosis and preoperative localization.
Designing a Multi-epitope Vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 Variant based
on an Immunoinformatics Approach
Authors: Farhani Ibrahim , Yamchi Ahad , Madanchi Hamid , Khazaei Vahid , Behrouzikhah Mehdi , Abbasi Hamidreza , Salehi Mohammad , Moradi Nilufar , Sanami Samira
Published: June 2023

Background:

SARS-CoV-2 is a life-threatening virus in the world. Scientific evidence
indicates that this pathogen will emerge again in the future. Although the current vaccines have a
pivotal role in the control of this pathogen, the emergence of new variants has a negative impact
on their effectiveness.

Objective:

Therefore, it is urgent to consider the protective and safe vaccine against all subcoronavirus
species and variants based on the conserved region of the virus. Multi-epitope peptide
vaccine (MEV), comprised of immune-dominant epitopes, is designed by immunoinformatic tools
and it is a promising strategy against infectious diseases.

Methods:

Spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid proteins from all coronavirus species and variants
were aligned and the conserved region was selected. Antigenicity, toxicity, and allergenicity
of epitopes were checked by a proper server. To robust the immunity of the multi-epitope
vaccine, cholera toxin b (CTB) and three HTL epitopes of tetanus toxin fragment C (TTFrC)
were linked at the N-terminal and C-terminal of the construct, respectively. Selected epitopes
with MHC molecules and the designed vaccines with Toll-like receptors (TLR-2 and TLR-4)
were docked and analyzed. The immunological and physicochemical properties of the designed
vaccine were evaluated. The immune responses to the designed vaccine were simulated. Furthermore,
molecular dynamic simulations were performed to study the stability and interaction
of the MEV-TLRs complexes during simulation time by NAMD (Nanoscale molecular dynamic)
software. Finally, the codon of the designed vaccine was optimized according to Saccharomyces
boulardii.

Results:

The conserved regions of spike glycoprotein and nucleocapsid protein were gathered.
Then, safe and antigenic epitopes were selected. The population coverage of the designed vaccine
was 74.83%. The instability index indicated that the designed multi-epitope was stable (38.61).
The binding affinity of the designed vaccine to TLR2 and TLR4 was -11.4 and -11.1, respectively.
The designed vaccine could induce humoral and cellular immunity.

Conclusion:

In silico analysis showed that the designed vaccine is a protective multi-epitope vaccine
against SARS-CoV-2 variants.
A Comprehensive Study on Natural Products and their Bioactive Constituents
to Cure Respiratory Diseases
Authors: Biharee Avadh , Chaudhari Lokesh , Bhartiya Sudha , Kori Shivam Kumar , Chaudhary Anu , Dubey Dheeraj , Yadav Arpita
Published: June 2023

Background:

In terms of death rates, occurrence, costs, and prevalence, respiratory tract diseases,
which include minor issues like the common cold and life-threatening ones like bacterial pneumonia,
lung cancers, and tuberculosis, are extremely significant. People have been worried about their health
for a long time because of respiratory diseases. Old-style medication has tended to these diseases; however,
the accumulation of information produced by elective methodologies, among which medication assumes
a significant role, is insignificant. Phytotherapy has consistently given proficient solutions for constant
and moderate wellbeing inconveniences and, occasionally, for intense and serious problems. Alleviating
the aggravated nasal sections and aviation routes was a shared need in antiquated societies. In this
study, we conducted a systematic literature review to gain evidence about herbal products and their phytoconstituents
that play a role in respiratory illness. We also predicted the physicochemical properties of
various phytoconstituents from therapeutic plants employed to cure respiratory ailments (such as asthma,
COPD, cough, tuberculosis, etc.).

Objectives:

The main objective of this critical study is to explore phytotherapy-based molecules for respiratory
illnesses. The physicochemical properties of already isolated compounds have been evaluated to
screen for the drug-like behavior of phytoconstituents.

Methodology:

A wide variety of literature has been collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline,
and other scientific databases. After an exhaustive review, the chemical structures of phytoconstituents
responsible for curing respiratory illness were sketched in ChemDraw Ultra 8.0, and these structures have
been taken for further analysis of the physicochemical properties of these phytoconstituents. The crucial
parameters of phytoconstituents' physicochemical properties were analyzed using the pkCSM webserver.

Result:

The results suggest that a variety of phytoconstituents have the potential to treat respiratory illnesses,
and the physicochemical parameters reveal that 65 compounds out of 130 screened compounds exhibit
Lipinski's rule of five and Veber's rule, while others don't obey these rules. Compounds with optimal physicochemical
properties could be promising candidates for emerging respiratory illness treatments.

Conclusion:

This critical review highlights the possible therapeutic potential of plant-based medicine to
cure respiratory illnesses. The finding shows that a wide range of alkaloids, glycosides, terpenoids, and
flavonoids isolated from different herbs may be able to treat respiratory problems. More research is needed
to find out the IC50 and MIC values of these compounds against respiratory pathogens like S. pneumoniae
and M. tuberculosis.
Herbs for the Therapy of Diabetes Mellitus: A Thorough Analysis with
Particular Emphasis on Preclinical, Clinical Trials, and their Hypothesised
Mechanisms
Authors: Wal Pranay , Aziz Namra , Verma Anushka , Kumar Sunil , Samal Himansu Bhusan
Published: June 2023

Background:

In recent times, herbal medicines have experienced an expansion in both
developing and developed countries due to their natural origin and low incidence of adverse effects.
A systematic review was performed to gather information regarding herbal plants used to treat diabetes
mellitus.

Objective:

The aim of this article was to review evidence from preclinical and clinical trials and the
proposed mechanism of herbal drugs in diabetes mellitus.

Methods:

A literature survey was carried out mainly focused on scientific papers published in recent
years. The search strategy involved interrelated keywords, like “Diabetes mellitus,” “Herbs,”
“Hyperglycaemia,” and other uniterms. Electronic databases used were Scopus, Web of Science,
PubMed, and Elsevier.

Results:

Twenty studies, including preclinical and clinical trials, were selected for evaluating the
mechanism of the anti-hyperglycaemic effect of herbal drugs in diabetes mellitus.

Conclusion:

Through clinical and preclinical research as well as an analysis of the mechanism of
action of herbs, the current review provides preliminary evidence for possible anti-diabetic benefits
of herbal medicines.
Ethnomatematics of geometry shape in the Gedongsongo Temple
Authors: Khasanah Uswatun , Murtianto Yanuar Hery , Kartinah Kartinah
Published: June 2023

The objective of the study is to explore and find out the ethnomathematics of Gedongsongo Temple, located in Central Java, Indoensia. The type of study is qualitative with an exploration way and ethnographic approach. The data obtained in the form of qualitative data, the source of research data obtained through observation, interviews, documentation, and study of literature related to Gedongsongo Temple. The data collection technique was done by questioning, observing, interviewing, and documenting. The results showed that the ethnomathematics of Gedongsongo Temple has the potential to be integrated into mathematics learning. Ethnomathematics that can be integrated includes the concept of flat area, volume of space,  comparison/ratio, reflection, and symmetry. The flat-geometry concept is found in the several parts of Gedongsongo Temple including square, rectangle, triangle, and trapezoid. The spatial-geometry concept is also found in several parts of Gedongsongo Temple including cubes, blocks, tubes, and a triangle prism. Meanwhile, the comparison/ratio concept found is the Golden Ratio on the fore-temple of Perwara in the area of Candi Gedong III. The symmetry and reflection concept is found in Candi Gedong I. These concepts can be applied in mathematics learning as a contextual geometry problem as well as a way of introducing cultural elements to students.
The Imaginary Line Across Yogyakarta Land as an Ethnomathemathics Study
Authors: Febriani Febriani , Sunandar Aditia Pramudia , Syamsuri Ulfa Aulia , Dwandaru Wipsar Sunu Brams
Published: June 2023

In attempt to explore Yogyakarta, the heritage city of Indonesia, the well known landmark, Tugu Pal Putih and the Yogyakarta Imaginary Line is explored. The purpose of this paper is to describe that this cultural context may be used as a reference for geometry learning. The method used in this research is a descriptive qualitative involving two historian experts in interviews. The results are that this line can be explored through ethnomathematics studies based on points, straight lines, comparison of distances between points on the imaginary line and the extension of the imaginary line. This line can be illustrated by an imaginary point located at the Tugu Pal Putih as the starting point to focus on thinking of the mathematical object. This line not only divides Yogyakarta imaginatively but also according to natural boundaries such as rivers. The extension of the imaginary line forms an area called the fertility area. The description of the patterns formed on the Yogyakarta Imaginary Line through ethnomathematics is expected to be used further as materials in the mathematics learning process.
Identification of Energy Saving Potential Through Energy Audit at PT. ABC
Authors: Wardhana Alex Sandria Jaya , Damarwan Eko Swi
Published: June 2023

Increasing energy efficiency is one of the most important functions for reducing energy costs as well as production costs. One way to reduce the use of electrical energy consumption is by saving energy. This study aims to determine how much energy savings at PT ABC through an energy audit. An energy audit is carried out with two main activities, namely identifying the profile of patterns of electricity use and analysis of power quality. The results of the analysis are then expected to be the basis for knowing the potential for energy savings and energy conservation in the industry. The method used in this study begins with field observations, measurements of electrical systems, and measurements of production machines and production support equipment. Based on some data, both primary data and secondary data, an analysis is carried out through calculations to determine potential energy-saving opportunities. The main energy source used at PT. ABC is from PLN with 1 subscription to a 3-phase system with an installed power of 197 kVA. Energy use or consumption for a year is 804,279.97 kWh. Opportunities for energy savings through energy audits that have been carried out are expected to have an impact on the company, namely energy cost savings of IDR 137,344,162 per year
Centering Multilingual Learners and Countering Raciolinguistic Ideologies in Teacher Education
Authors: Bale Jeff , Rajendram Shakina , Brubacher Katie , Nii Owoo Mama Adobea , Burton Jennifer , Wong Wales , Zhang Yiran , Larson Elizabeth Jean , Gagné Antoinette , Kerekes Julie
Published: June 2023

This book details a study of teacher education programs that prepare teachers to work with multilingual learners. The book examines how racism and linguicism shape the conditions under which teacher candidates learn how to teach, and offers guiding principles and a suite of teacher education practices to disrupt the interplay of language and race.