bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fabrication and characterization of core–shell microparticles containing an aqueous core
Authors: Galogahi Fariba Malekpour , Ansari Abolfazl , Teo Adrian J. T. , Cha Haotian , An Hongjie , Nguyen Nam-Trung
Published: November 2022

Core–shell microparticles containing an aqueous core have demonstrated their value for microencapsulation and drug delivery systems. The most important step in generating these uniquely structured microparticles is the formation of droplets and double emulsion. The droplet generator must meet the performance and reliability requirements, including accurate size control with tunability and monodispersity. Herein, we present a facile technique to generate surfactant-free core–shell droplets with an aqueous core in a microfluidic device. We demonstrate that the geometry of the core–shell droplets can be precisely adjusted by the flow rates of the droplet components. As the shell is polymerized after the formation of the core–shell droplets, the resulting solid microparticles ensure the encapsulation of the aqueous core and prevent undesired release. We then study experimentally and theoretically the behaviour of resultant microparticles under heating and compression. The microparticles demonstrate excellent stability under both thermal and mechanical loads. We show that the rupture force can be quantitatively predicted from the shell thickness relative to the outer shell radius. Experimental results and theoretical predictions confirm that the rupture force scales directly with the shell thickness.

Graphical abstract
How to improve consumers’ understanding of online legal information: insights from a behavioral experiment
Authors: Wulf Alexander J. , Seizov Ognyan
Published: November 2022

Past research has shown that online information notices often fail to inform consumers well, even if transparency-enhancing measures are implemented. However, the studies in question have employed research designs that were restricted to pre-contract conclusion scenarios and ad hoc, text-only attempts to optimize disclosures. While these results point to the general limitations of disclosures, they leave open whether optimizing information notices can be of substantial value to consumers in other settings. Our study tests the effectiveness of multimodal disclosure optimization techniques in both the pre- and post-contract conclusion scenarios. The post-contract conclusion scenario is the situation where a consumer has a dispute with a business. While this setting is not the primary target of disclosure legislation, it is a more realistic instance of the actual use of legal information online. Here the consumer has a real incentive to obtain information about his or her rights and obligations. We show that under these conditions, consumers do in fact read, retain and understand more when the attempt has been made to optimize disclosures.
Evidential Support and Contraposition
Authors: Rott Hans
Published: November 2022

The concept of an evidential conditional If A then C that can be defined by the conjunction of $$A>C$$

A
>
C

and $$\lnot C > \lnot A$$

¬
C
>
¬
A

, where > is a conditional of the kind introduced by Stalnaker and Lewis, has recently been studied in a series of papers by Vincenzo Crupi and Andrea Iacona. In this paper I argue that Crupi and Iacona’s central idea that contraposition captures the idea of evidential support cannot be maintained. I give examples showing that contraposition is neither necessary nor sufficient for a conditional’s antecedent supporting its consequent. Crupi and Iacona’s alternative account of evidential conditionals that is based on a probabilistic measure of evidential support cannot add to the credentials of their modal account, because both the theoretical role of contraposition and the resulting logic are different in this account.
The Gendered Effects of Divorce on Mothers’ and Fathers’ Time with Children and Children’s Developmental Activities: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Cano Tomás , Gracia Pablo
Published: November 2022

How divorce influences parents’ and children’s time use has received very little scientific attention. This study uses high-quality longitudinal time-diary data across six waves from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children to examine how parental separation shapes parent–child time and children’s daily activities. Results show that separation leads to a strong increase of gender inequalities in parents’ time use. After separation, mother–child time doubles, two-parent time declines by three, and father–child time remains low. Parental separation also leads to a decline in children’s time allocated to educational activities (e.g., studying, reading) and an increase in children’s time in unstructured activities (e.g., TV watching, video gaming, smartphone use). Additionally, the effect of separation on children’s time use is twice as large for boys than for girls, with gender gaps in children’s unstructured time increasing over time. Finally, mother–child time returns to similar pre-separation levels over time, but only after 4 years since separation occurred. The study findings are robust to different panel regression strategies. Overall, this study implies that parental divorce negatively affects children’s developmental time use, especially among boys, and leads lone mothers to experience increasing ‘time penalties’ associated with gender inequalities in society.
The Stark problem as a concave toric domain
Authors: Frauenfelder Urs
Published: November 2022

The Stark problem is a completely integrable system which describes the motion of an electron in a constant electric field and subject to the attraction of a proton. In this paper we show that in the planar case after Levi-Civita regularization the bounded component of the energy hypersurfaces of the Stark problem for energies below the critical value can be interpreted as boundaries of concave toric domains.
How can an intensively used agricultural landscape preserve diversity of Orthoptera assemblages?
Authors: Arnóczkyné Jakab Dóra , Nagy Antal
Published: November 2022

Protecting biodiversity of agricultural lowlands is one of the main topics of European nature conservation. Understanding the relationship and interaction between cultivated and other habitat types is necessary since arable lands cover a significant part of the landscape, but former studies rather focus on the remaining semi-natural sites. Orthoptera assemblages, which are sensitive indicators of habitat structure and conservation value, were studied in a traditional intensively used agricultural area (it has been cultivated for several decades or even 250 years) to assess how arable land and ruderal linear habitats together can preserve insect diversity. Twenty-nine Orthoptera species, including protected Gampsocleis glabra, Acrida ungarica and Celes variabilis were recorded. We identified four assemblages and their character species reflecting intensity of land use. Assemblages of agricultural sites differed from the assemblages of semi-natural habitats used as control group. Revealing their quantitative composition, ratios of lifeforms and ecotypes, character species, and use of Grasshopper Conservation Indexes (GCI) helped to identify habitat types that can effectively preserve natural insect diversity, even under long-term intensive land use regime.

Implications for conservation

Considering our findings, the role of linear ruderal habitats and less intensively cultivated arable lands covered by alfalfa and red clover in maintaining of biodiversity is higher than it was formerly assumed. Increasing ratio of these less intensive cultures (at least to 5%, optimally 8–10%) and its connection with each other and linear ruderal habitats may provide temporary habitats and corridors for metapopulations living in mosaic landscape. The local greening programs can help Orthoptera conservation as well through supporting the production of these cultures. Complex landscape- and crop rotation planning, that regard the spatial and temporal distribution, and ratio of agriculture landscape elements may become an effective tool for biodiversity conservation and forming sustainable farming systems.
An innovative constitutive material model for predicting high temperature flow behaviour of inconel 625 alloy
Authors: Souza Paul M. , Sivaswamy Giribaskar , Bradley Luke , Barrow Andrew , Rahimi Salaheddin
Published: November 2022

Inconel 625 nickel alloy with its attractive high-temperature strength, excellent corrosion and oxidation resistance is mainly used for critical applications in demanding environments, in both as-cast and wrought conditions. Hot processing of this alloy is crucial for achieving its tailored mechanical properties due to the significant variation in microstructural changes with varying process parameters like temperature, strain, and strain rate. In this study, isothermal hot compression tests were carried out at temperatures ranging from 900 to 1100 °C, and under strain rates ranging from 0.01 to 1 s−1. The flow curves revealed three stages of deformation, including a substantial work-hardening stage followed by dynamic recovery and flow softening. Microstructural observations showed the occurrence of discontinuous dynamic recrystallisation (DDRX) as the dominant recrystallisation mechanism during the flow softening. Microstructural analysis suggested that the DRX was more sensitive to the test temperature as compared to the strain rate. An innovative material's constitutive model was developed, by combining Johnson–Cook (JC) and Avrami approaches, to predict work-hardening, dynamic recovery, and flow softening stages of deformation. The predicted flow behavior was in a good agreement with the experimentally measured data. The developed material model was integrated into DEFORM® 3D finite element (FE) simulation software as a user subroutine for the prediction of deformation behaviour in a double truncated cone (DTC) sample. Comparison between the experimentally measured data and the results of FE simulation on the DTC sample showed a very good convergence, indicating the suitability of the proposed material’s constitutive model for large scale simulations.

Graphical Abstract
Exploring the Health and Economic Burden Among Truck Drivers in Australia: A Health Economic Modelling Study
Authors: Lee Peter , Xia Ting , Zomer Ella , van Vreden Caryn , Pritchard Elizabeth , Newnam Sharon , Collie Alex , Iles Ross , Ademi Zanfina
Published: November 2022

Background The transport and logistics industry contributes to a significant proportion of the Australian economy. However, few studies have explored the economic and clinical burden attributed to poor truck driver health. We therefore estimated the work-related mortality burden among truck drivers over a 10-year period. Methods Dynamic life table modelling was used to simulate the follow-up of the Australian male working-age population (aged 15–65 years) over a 10-year period of follow-up (2021–2030). The model estimated the number of deaths occurring among the Australian working population, as well as deaths occurring for male truck drivers. Data from the Driving Health study and other published sources were used to inform work-related mortality and associated productivity loss, hospitalisations and medication costs, patient utilities and the value of statistical life year (VoSLY). All outcomes were discounted by 5% per annum. Results Over 10 years, poor truck driver health was associated with a loss of 21,173 years of life lived (discounted), or 18,294 QALYs (discounted). Healthcare costs amounted to AU$485 million (discounted) over this period. From a broader, societal perspective, a total cost of AU$2.6 billion (discounted) in lost productivity and AU$4.7 billion in lost years of life was estimated over a 10-year period. Scenario analyses supported the robustness of our findings. Conclusions The health and economic consequences of poor driver health are significant, and highlight the need for interventions to reduce the burden of work-related injury or disease for truck drivers and other transport workers.
Influence of roads on space use by European hares in different landscapes
Authors: Mayer Martin , Fischer Christina , Blaum Niels , Sunde Peter , Ullmann Wiebke
Published: November 2022

Context

Roads are ubiquitous in human inhabited landscapes, and can impact animal movement and population dynamics, due to barrier effects, road mortality, but also by providing resources at road verges. Thus, we need a better understanding of how roads, in interaction with seasonal changes in habitat structure, affect space use and habitat selection of the animals that persist in these landscapes.

Objectives

Here, we used the European hare (Lepus europaeus) as model species to investigate how human-induced changes in landscape composition—measured as road density, land cover type, and field size—affect home range location, seasonal habitat selection and road crossings, which are likely to correlate with wildlife-vehicle collision risk.

Methods

We collected > 240,000 GPS positions of 90 hares from three populations (one in Denmark and two in Germany) that differed regarding agricultural intensification and road density. Using this data, we analyzed home range location and habitat selection (using step-selection functions) in relation to roads, habitat composition, and seasonality, and quantified how these factors affected road crossings by hares.

Results

In comparatively more heterogeneous landscapes, hares established home ranges in areas with lower road densities compared to the surrounding area, but not in more simple landscapes. Moreover, hares generally avoided main roads and selected for minor roads during the vegetation growth seasons, especially in areas with comparatively less heterogeneous habitat structure. Hares crossed more main roads when moving greater distances, with movement distances being comparatively larger in simpler landscapes.

Conclusions

Our findings emphasize that it is important to distinguish between road types, as different roads can have different impacts on animals (e.g., small roads providing foraging opportunities via roadside vegetation and large roads being avoided). Moreover, animals in comparatively more heterogeneous landscapes are better able to adjust their habitat selection to avoid main roads than animals inhabiting simpler landscapes. More generally, homogenous landscapes increase the space use requirements of animals, leading to increased probability of road crossings, which in turn might affect population dynamics via increased road mortality risk.
On the effective quasi-bosonic Hamiltonian of the electron gas: collective excitations and plasmon modes
Authors: Christiansen Martin Ravn , Hainzl Christian , Nam Phan Thành
Published: November 2022

We consider an effective quasi-bosonic Hamiltonian of the electron gas which emerges naturally from the random phase approximation and describes the collective excitations of the gas. By a rigorous argument, we explain how the plasmon modes can be interpreted as a special class of approximate eigenstates of this model.
Performance model for factory automation in 5G networks
Authors: Wang Jiao , Weitzen Jay , Bayat Oguz , Sevindik Volkan , Li Mingzhe
Published: November 2022

The fifth generation (5G) of mobile networks is emerging as a key enabler of modern factory automation (FA) applications that ensure timely and reliable data exchange between network components. Network slicing (NS), which shares an underlying infrastructure with different applications and ensures application isolation, is the key 5G technology to support the diverse quality of service requirements of modern FA applications. In this article, an end-to-end (E2E) NS solution is proposed for FA applications in a 5G network. Regression approaches are used to construct a performance model for each slice to map the service level agreement to the network attributes. Interference coordination approaches for switched beam systems are proposed to optimize radio access network (RAN) performance models. A case study of a non-public network is used to show the proposed NS solution. Simulation result shows that for services with different QoS requirements, different IC approaches should be used as optimization methods. Design prediction using regression approach has been evaluated and shows that the prediction successful rate increases when more existing data are used.
The Plasma Environment of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko
Authors: Goetz Charlotte , Behar Etienne , Beth Arnaud , Bodewits Dennis , Bromley Steve , Burch Jim , Deca Jan , Divin Andrey , Eriksson Anders I. , Feldman Paul D. , Galand Marina , Gunell Herbert , Henri Pierre , Heritier Kevin , Jones Geraint H. , Mandt Kathleen E. , Nilsson Hans , Noonan John W. , Odelstad Elias , Parker Joel W. , Rubin Martin , Simon Wedlund Cyril , Stephenson Peter , Taylor Matthew G. G. T. , Vigren Erik , Vines Sarah K. , Volwerk Martin
Published: November 2022

The environment of a comet is a fascinating and unique laboratory to study plasma processes and the formation of structures such as shocks and discontinuities from electron scales to ion scales and above. The European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission collected data for more than two years, from the rendezvous with comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko in August 2014 until the final touch-down of the spacecraft end of September 2016. This escort phase spanned a large arc of the comet’s orbit around the Sun, including its perihelion and corresponding to heliocentric distances between 3.8 AU and 1.24 AU. The length of the active mission together with this span in heliocentric and cometocentric distances make the Rosetta data set unique and much richer than sets obtained with previous cometary probes. Here, we review the results from the Rosetta mission that pertain to the plasma environment. We detail all known sources and losses of the plasma and typical processes within it. The findings from in-situ plasma measurements are complemented by remote observations of emissions from the plasma. Overviews of the methods and instruments used in the study are given as well as a short review of the Rosetta mission. The long duration of the Rosetta mission provides the opportunity to better understand how the importance of these processes changes depending on parameters like the outgassing rate and the solar wind conditions. We discuss how the shape and existence of large scale structures depend on these parameters and how the plasma within different regions of the plasma environment can be characterised. We end with a non-exhaustive list of still open questions, as well as suggestions on how to answer them in the future.
Scientific counterfactuals as make-believe
Authors: Iranzo-Ribera Noelia
Published: November 2022

Counterfactuals abound in science, especially when reasoning about and with models. This often requires entertaining counterfactual conditionals with nomologically or metaphysically impossible antecedents, namely, counternomics or counterpossibles. In this paper I defend the make-believe view of scientific counterfactuals, a naturalised fiction-based account of counterfactuals in science which provides a means to evaluate their meanings independently of the possibility of the states of affairs their antecedents describe, and under which they have non-trivial truth-values. Fiction is here understood as imagination (in contrast with its most typical association with falsity), characterised as a propositional attitude of pretense or ‘make-believe’ (Walton 1990). The application of this theory to scientific counterfactuals makes their evaluation a game of make-believe: a counterfactual is (fictionally) true iff its antecedent and the rules of the game prescribe the imagining of its consequent (Kimpton-Nye 2020). The result is a practice-based account of counterfactuals and counterfactual reasoning in science which incorporates insights from theoretical and experimental analytic philosophy as well as cognitive science. This way, the make-believe view of scientific counterfactuals shows that the evaluation of scientific counterfactuals is none other than a question of scientific representation in disguise.
Retrospective review of Andexanet Alfa versus 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate for reversal of DOAC-Associated Intracranial Hemorrhage
Authors: Troyer Camille , Nguyen Wesley , Xie Annie , Wimer Dexter
Published: November 2022

Background: Mortality of oral anticoagulation-associated ICH is around 60%, with oral anticoagulation increasing the risk of ICH seven to ten-fold compared to no anticoagulation. Current guidelines recommend DOACs (direct oral anticoagulants) as first-line therapy in the treatment of VTE (Venous Thromboembolism) due to their more favorable safety profile. There are two agents available for DOAC reversal, Coagulation Factor Xa (recombinant), inactivated-zhzo (andexanet alfa, Andexxa®) and 4-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4FPCC). There is little data comparing the two agents in real-life clinical settings.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to determine if there was a difference in hemostatic efficacy of andexanet alfa and 4FPCC in patients with a factor Xa inhibitor-related intracranial hemorrhage.

Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study conducted in adult patients admitted at a quaternary academic medical center from September 2017 to March 2021. Adults with a diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) were included if they received either 4FPCC or andexanet alfa for reversal of apixaban or rivaroxaban. In addition to hemostatic efficacy per imaging, we assessed disposition location, cerebral performance score, blood product consumption, and the development of a new thrombus.

Results: A total of 46 patients were included in this study, 15 received 4FPCC (32%) and 31 received andexanet alfa (68%). There was no difference in the proportion of patients with excellent (4FPCC 9 [60%] vs. andexanet alfa 16 [51.6%], p = 0.61), good (4FPCC 2 [13.3%] vs. andexanet alfa 7 [22.6%]), or poor (4FPCC 1 [6.7%] vs. andexanet alfa 5 [16.1%]) hemostasis after administration of each agent. There were no significant differences in any secondary outcomes.

Conclusion and Relevance: Our study found no difference in hemostatic efficacy between andexanet alfa and 4FPCC. At this time, clinicians should choose an agent based on individual patient presentation and resource availability. Further research will help clarify the role of each agent in the management of DOAC-related intracranial hemorrhage.
The diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative differentiation and delineation techniques in brain tumours
Authors: Van Hese Laura , De Vleeschouwer Steven , Theys Tom , Rex Steffen , Heeren Ron M. A. , Cuypers Eva
Published: November 2022

Brain tumour identification and delineation in a timeframe of seconds would significantly guide and support surgical decisions. Here, treatment is often complicated by the infiltration of gliomas in the surrounding brain parenchyma. Accurate delineation of the invasive margins is essential to increase the extent of resection and to avoid postoperative neurological deficits. Currently, histopathological annotation of brain biopsies and genetic phenotyping still define the first line treatment, where results become only available after surgery. Furthermore, adjuvant techniques to improve intraoperative visualisation of the tumour tissue have been developed and validated. In this review, we focused on the sensitivity and specificity of conventional techniques to characterise the tumour type and margin, specifically fluorescent-guided surgery, neuronavigation and intraoperative imaging as well as on more experimental techniques such as mass spectrometry-based diagnostics, Raman spectrometry and hyperspectral imaging. Based on our findings, all investigated methods had their advantages and limitations, guiding researchers towards the combined use of intraoperative imaging techniques. This can lead to an improved outcome in terms of extent of tumour resection and progression free survival while preserving neurological outcome of the patients.
Onderzoek en innovatie blijven
Authors: Mulders Peter F.A.
Published: November 2022

Samenvatting

Wat zouden we graag willen dat alles terug bij normaal was. Niets is minder waar. Toch hebben we weer een prachtige verzameling abstracts binnengekregen. De inhoud spreekt voor zich. Er wordt nog steeds veel en gevarieerd onderzoek gedaan. De variatie qua onderwerp duidt op de onmiskenbare breedheid van ons vakgebied.
The creation of the Belmont Report and its effect on ethical principles: a historical study
Authors: Nagai Hiroyuki , Nakazawa Eisuke , Akabayashi Akira
Published: November 2022

The Belmont Report continues to be held in high regard, and most bioethical analyses conducted in recent years have presumed that it affects United States federal regulations. However, the assessments of the report’s creators are sharply divided. Understanding the historic reputation of this monumental report is thus crucial. We first recount the historical context surrounding the creation of this report. Subsequently, we review the process involved in developing ethical guidelines and describe the report’s features. Additionally, we analyze the effect of unfolding events on the subsequent creation of federal regulations, especially on gene therapy clinical trials. Moreover, throughout this paper we evaluate the ethical principles outlined in this report and describe how they overlap with the issue of protecting socially vulnerable groups. Based on the analysis, we conclude that the features of the Belmont Report cannot be considered as having affected the basic sections of the federal regulations for ethical reviews that were made uniform in 1981. Nevertheless, regarding the regulations on gene therapy clinical trials—which were at first expected to be applicable to research involving children—in addition to implementing policies regarding the public review of protocols that passed ethical review, this report’s principles are clearly reflected in the key notes that should have been referred to when the report was created.
Controlling 3D Objects in 2D Image Synthesis
Authors: Brehm Stephan , Barthel Florian , Lienhart Rainer
Published: November 2022

In this work, we propose a method that enforces explicit control over various attributes during the image generation process in a generative adversarial net. We propose a semi-supervised learning procedure that allows us to use a quantized approximation of object orientation for learning continuous object rotations. As a result, among many other attributes, our proposed method allows us to control object orientation in scenes that are rendered according to our specifications.
Kingship, Ritual, and Royal Ideology in Western Zhou China
Authors: Vogt Paul Nicholas
Published: November 2022

In accounts of Chinese history, the Western Zhou period has been lionized as a golden age of ritual, when kings created the ceremonies that underlay the traditions of imperial governance. In this book, Paul Nicholas Vogt rediscovers their roots in the vagaries of Western Zhou royal geopolitics through an investigation of inscriptions on bronze vessels, the best contemporary source for this period. He shows how the kings of the Western Zhou adapted ritual to create and retain power, while introducing changes that affected later remembrances of Zhou royal ritual and that shaped the tradition of statecraft throughout Chinese history. Using ritual and social theory to explain Western Zhou history, Vogt traces how the traditions of pre-modern China were born, how a ruling dynasty establishes and holds on to power, how religion and politics can support and restrain each other, and how ancient peoples made, used, and assigned meaning to art and artifacts.
Investing the ASEAN Way
Authors: Cho Sungjoon , Kurtz Jürgen
Published: November 2022

In recent decades, South East Asia has become one of the world's most popular destinations for foreign investment. The member states of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) have employed varying modalities to pursue first security and then economic cooperation. This book explores regional law and governance in ASEAN through the lens of its regulation of foreign investment. It adopts a new framework to identify the unique ontological autonomy of the ASEAN Investment Regime beyond a simple aggregation of its individual member states. It deploys a sociology-led approach (especially constructivism) and emphasizes ideational factors (such as culture and norms) that guide state actions from within. The book explores the manner in which ASEAN's history and culture have fundamentally shaped its foreign investment policies, leading to outcomes that often depart fundamentally from the external structure and script of Global Investment Law.
Absolute Poincaré duality in étale cohomology
Authors: Khan Adeel A.
Published: November 2022

We extend Poincaré duality in étale cohomology from smooth schemes to regular ones. This is achieved via a formalism of trace maps for local complete intersection morphisms.
The social lives of mass-produced images of the 1935–41 Italo-Ethiopian War
Authors: Wurzer Markus
Published: November 2022

For the last 20 years, research on European colonialism has addressed private photo collections. Prior to that, interest was focused specifically on propaganda photography. In the hope that privately kept material could offer new, more ‘authentic’ insights into colonial everyday life, researchers have so far mostly ignored the mass-produced images which are often part of such private collections, too. But especially when the question arises of how mass-produced images functioned as consensus-building tools, of what impact they had on the ground, they seem to be a promising source. Therefore, this paper on mass-produced images of the 1935–41 Italo-Ethiopian War in private photography collections probes how ‘ordinary’ soldiers used images, what meanings they created in the process, and, thereby, how they positioned themselves relative to the Fascist regime's dominant colonial discourse. This article answers these questions by drawing on the private collections of four so-called ‘allogeni’, German-speaking Italian citizens from the province of Bozen/Bolzano, who took part in the 1935–41 Italo-Ethiopian War.
ABSOLUTE DATES OF ARTIFACTS FROM LUSATIAN URNFIELD CEMETERY AT BRZEZIE, GREATER POLAND
Authors: Ginter A , Moska P , Poręba G , Tudyka K , Szymak A , Szczurek G
Published: November 2022

Brzezie in the Pleszew region was first mentioned in archaeological literature, as the location where a treasure of gold artifacts dating back to the 3rd period of the Bronze Age was discovered in 1876. Archaeological research has been conducted there almost continuously since 1985. The result of many years of fieldwork is the discovery of 363 late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age graves, as well as 50 burials of the Przeworsk culture from the era of Roman influence. In the last few years, further research has been conducted by archeologist Grzegorz Szczurek. After comprehensive geophysical prospecting, the extent of the necropolis was established, and more graves were excavated. For the first time, materials for radiocarbon and luminescence dating were also collected to determine the absolute chronology for this archaeological site. Four samples were dated in the Poznań radiocarbon laboratory, and five luminescence tests were conducted in the Gliwice luminescence laboratory. Due to the complete thermo-destruction of collagen in human bones, age determination was based on carbonate fractionation. In one case, a piece of charcoal was selected for dating purposes. Considering uncertainties and the fact that both methods date different events, the results reveal concurrence, giving a 1000–500 BC range.
A MODERN MULTICENTENNIAL RECORD OF RADIOCARBON VARIABILITY FROM AN EXACTLY DATED BIVALVE CHRONOLOGY AT THE TREE NOB SITE (ALASKA COASTAL CURRENT)
Authors: Edge David C , Wanamaker Alan D , Staisch Lydia M , Reynolds David J , Holmes Karine L , Black Bryan A
Published: November 2022

Quantifying the marine radiocarbon reservoir effect, offsets (ΔR), and ΔR variability over time is critical to improving dating estimates of marine samples while also providing a proxy of water mass dynamics. In the northeastern Pacific, where no high-resolution time series of ΔR has yet been established, we sampled radiocarbon (14C) from exactly dated growth increments in a multicentennial chronology of the long-lived bivalve, Pacific geoduck (Paneopea generosa) at the Tree Nob site, coastal British Columbia, Canada. Samples were taken at approximately decadal time intervals from 1725 CE to 1920 CE and indicate average ΔR values of 256 ± 22 years (1σ) consistent with existing discrete estimates. Temporal variability in ΔR is small relative to analogous Atlantic records except for an unusually old-water event, 1802–1812. The correlation between ΔR and sea surface temperature (SST) reconstructed from geoduck increment width is weakly significant (r2= .29, p = .03), indicating warm water is generally old, when the 1802–1812 interval is excluded. This interval contains the oldest (–2.1σ) anomaly, and that is coincident with the coldest (–2.7σ) anomalies of the temperature reconstruction. An additional 3214C values spanning 1952–1980 were detrended using a northeastern Pacific bomb pulse curve. Significant positive correlations were identified between the detrended14C data and annual El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and summer SST such that cooler conditions are associated with older water. Thus,14C is generally relatively stable with weak, potentially inconsistent associations to climate variables, but capable of infrequent excursions as illustrated by the unusually cold, old-water 1802–1812 interval.
Africa's liberation generation
Authors: Rotberg Robert I.
Published: November 2022

Today's African political class is much more diverse in character and aspiration than the one that overcame colonial rule and inaugurated independent governments. Sons of early liberation leaders now jostle for power in a few countries (Chad, Kenya), descendants of successful autocrats perpetuate family rule in others (Gabon), several long-serving hegemons remain in control after decades in office (as in Cameroon, Djibouti, Rwanda and Uganda), a clutch of kleptocrats continue to defraud citizens (as in Equatorial Guinea and Zimbabwe), upstart soldiers oust elected placeholders (Burkina Faso, Guinea, Mali), and here and there democratic stalwarts (Botswana, Ghana, Malawi, Senegal, South Africa, Zambia) are delivering authentic, uplifting, leadership to their followers.
Colonial labels and the imagined innocence of past times: Debating language and spatial representations of the Danish/Greenlandic relation
Authors: Maegaard Marie , Mortensen Kristine Køhler
Published: November 2022

This article examines struggles related to the recasting of the collective memory connected to Danish colonialism, through analyses of exhibitions in, and communication from, the Danish National Museum. By use of multimodal and semiotic landscape analysis, we show how the Danish National Museum works to reformulate the historical relationship between Greenland and Denmark in ways that avoid the colonizer's language and at the same time describe and construct complex relations of past and present. The analysis demonstrates how a temporal ambiguity is present in the museum exhibitions, not offering a conclusive understanding of the colonial period. At the same time, we show how the presence and absence of colonial language in public space is inscribed into temporal frames legitimizing or problematizing their status. (Semiotic landscape, colonialism, language and nation, temporality)*
On the evolutionary origins of the bifocal stance
Authors: Veit Walter , Browning Heather
Published: November 2022

In this commentary we advance Jagiello et al.'s proposal by zooming in on the possible evolutionary origins of the “bifocal stance” that may have enabled a major transition in human cultural evolution, arguing that the evolution of the bifocal stance was driven by an explosion in cultural complexity arising from cooperative foraging, which led to a feedback loop between the ritual and instrumental stances.
If you presume relevance, you don't need a bifocal lens
Authors: Altınok Nazlı , Tatone Denis , Király Ildikó , Heintz Christophe , Gergely György
Published: November 2022

We argue for a relevance-guided learning mechanism to account for both innovative reproduction and faithful imitation by focusing on the role of communication in knowledge transmission. Unlike bifocal stance theory, this mechanism does not require a strict divide between instrumental and ritual-like actions, and the goals they respectively fulfill (material vs. social/affiliative), to account for flexibility in action interpretation and reproduction.
Assessment of the real-world impact of the Thai smoking cessation programme on clinical outcomes: protocol for a multicentre prospective observational study
Authors: Chaisai Chayutthaphong , Chaiyakunapruk Nathorn , Thavorn Kednapa , Wattanasirichaigoon Somkiat , Rungruanghiranya Suthat , Thongphiew Araya , Lee Shaun Wen Huey
Published: November 2022

Background:

Tobacco smoking is the most common preventable cause of morbidity and mortality in the world. In an effort to counteract the harmful consequences of smoking, various tobacco control measures have been implemented, including the use of smoking cessation programmes to reduce the number of new smokers as well as helping current smokers to quit smoking. In Thailand, the SMART Quit Clinic Program (FAH-SAI Clinics) was launched in 2010 to provide smoking cessation services by a multidisciplinary team. There are currently 552 FAH-SAI Clinics established across all 77 provinces of Thailand.

Aim:

This protocol describes a study aiming to evaluate the SMART Quit Clinic Program (FAH-SAI Clinics) in terms of programme performance and clinical outcomes. We hope that the results of the study could be used to improve the current service model and the programme’s success.

Method:

A multicentre prospective observational study will be conducted. The study will focus on 24 FAH-SAI Clinics across 21 provinces of Thailand. The primary outcomes are seven-day point prevalence abstinence rate and continuous abstinence rate at three and six months. The outcomes will be measured using a self-reported questionnaire and biochemical validated by exhaled carbon monoxide.

Discussion:

This study will be the first real-world study that reports the effectiveness of the well-established smoking cessation programme in Thailand. Findings from this study can help improve the quality of smoking cessation services provided by multidisciplinary teams and other smoking cessation services, especially those implemented in low- and middle-income countries.
Influence of growth stage and dicamba rate on eggplant, cucumber, and snap bean tolerance and yield response
Authors: Wasacz Maggie H. , Sosnoskie Lynn M. , VanGessel Mark J. , Besançon Thierry E.
Published: November 2022

Following the introduction of dicamba-resistant (DR) soybean in 2017, concerns have increased with regard to dicamba off-target movement (OTM) onto sensitive crops, including vegetables. Field trials were conducted in New Jersey, New York, and Delaware to evaluate cucumber (‘Python’), eggplant (‘Santana’), and snap bean (‘Caprice’ and ‘Huntington’) injury and yield response to simulated dicamba drift rates. Crops were exposed to dicamba applied at 0, 0.056, 0.11, 0.56, 1.12, 2.24 g ae ha–1, representing 0, 1/10,000, 1/5,000, 1/1,000, 1/500, and 1/250 of the maximum soybean recommended label rate (560 g ae ha–1), respectively. Dicamba was applied either at the early vegetative (V2) or early reproductive (R1) stages. Minimal to no injury, vine growth reduction, or yield loss was noted for cucumber. Dicamba was more injurious to eggplant with up to 22% to 35% injury 2 wk after treatment (WAT) at rate ≥1.12 g ae ha–1; however, only the highest dicamba rate caused 27% reduction of the commercial yield compared to the nontreated control. Eggplant also showed greater sensitivity when dicamba exposure occurred at the R1 than at theV2 stage. Snap bean was the most sensitive crop investigated in this study. Injury 2 WAT was greater for ‘Caprice’ with dicamba ≥0.56 g ae ha–1 applied at V2 compared to R1 stage, whereas a similar difference occurred as low as 0.056 g ae ha–1 for ‘Huntington’. Compared to the nontreated control, reduction in plant height and biomass accumulation occurred for both cultivars at dicamba rate ≥0.56 g ae ha–1. Dicamba applied at 1.12 g ae ha–1 or greater resulted in 30% yield loss for ‘Caprice’, whereas ‘Huntington’ yield dropped 52% to 93% with dicamba ≥0.56 g ae ha–1. ‘Caprice’ bean yield was not influenced by dicamba timing of application. Conversely, ‘Huntington’ bean yield decreased by 8% following application at R1 compared to V2 stage.
2019 Mw 6.0 Mesetas (Colombia) Earthquake Sequence: Insights From Integrating Seismic and Morphostructural Observations
Authors: Poveda Esteban , Pedraza Patricia , Velandia Francisco , Mayorga Edwin , Plicka Vladimír , Gallovič František , Zahradník Jiří
Published: November 2022

The boundary between the Northern Andean block and the South American plate is a first‐order tectonic structure in Colombia with historically M > 7 earthquakes. However, details about individual sections of the system remain unknown. We illuminate the seismotectonic of the Algeciras fault by investigating an earthquake sequence that started on 24 December 2019. Using seismic networks at region, we estimate foreshocks and aftershocks focal mechanisms, local stress field, kinematic slip models of the largest events, and Coulomb stress changes. We integrate seismological and morphostructural observations to characterize source properties and reinterpret local faults. Two mainshocks (doublet of Mw 6.0 and 5.8) occurred within 16 min, rupturing just a few kilometers from each other. Discrimination of causative faults among the centroid moment‐tensor nodal planes is difficult because the focal zone is a complex tectonic environment. The focal mechanisms and the local stress field obtained are consistent with a regional NE trending dextral transpressive shear. The relocated aftershocks show a cluster with an L‐shaped pattern concentrated in a ∼7 × 7 km area. Our model defines the Algeciras fault with two structural styles for its northern termination. The NW part is characterized by a duplex‐style of right‐lateral strike‐slip with inner secondary faults of the same sense of movement, and the SE zone by a domino‐style system with inner minor faults of sinistral kinematics. The earthquake doublet is in the zone characterized by the duplex style. In contrast, the southern part of the aftershocks is located in the zone characterized by the domino style.
Could Jupiter’s Heat Waves Help Solve a Planetary Energy Crisis?
Authors: Hornyak Tim
Published: November 2022

Infrared observations reveal that Jupiter’s upper atmosphere is much warmer than models predict. The discovery may be a clue to finding missing heat sources in other giant planets.
Schizophrenia-associated Mitotic Arrest Deficient-1 (MAD1) regulates the polarity of migrating neurons in the developing neocortex
Authors: Goo Bon Seong , Mun Dong Jin , Kim Seunghyun , Nhung Truong Thi My , Lee Su Been , Woo Youngsik , Kim Soo Jeong , Suh Bo Kyoung , Park Sung Jin , Lee Hee-Eun , Park Kunyou , Jang Hyunsoo , Rah Jong-Cheol , Yoon Ki-Jun , Baek Seung Tae , Park Seung-Yeol , Park Sang Ki
Published: November 2022

Although large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified an association between MAD1L1 (Mitotic Arrest Deficient-1 Like 1) and the pathology of schizophrenia, the molecular mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to address these mechanisms by examining the role of MAD1 (the gene product of MAD1L1) in key neurodevelopmental processes in mice and human organoids. Our findings indicated that MAD1 is highly expressed during active cortical development and that MAD1 deficiency leads to impairments in neuronal migration and neurite outgrowth. We also observed that MAD1 is localized to the Golgi apparatus and regulates vesicular trafficking from the Golgi apparatus to the plasma membrane, which is required for the growth and polarity of migrating neurons. In this process, MAD1 physically interacts and collaborates with the kinesin-like protein KIFC3 (kinesin family member C3) to regulate the morphology of the Golgi apparatus and neuronal polarity, thereby ensuring proper neuronal migration and differentiation. Consequently, our findings indicate that MAD1 is an essential regulator of neuronal development and that alterations in MAD1 may underlie schizophrenia pathobiology.
Nuclear FGFR1 promotes pancreatic stellate cell-driven invasion through up-regulation of Neuregulin 1
Authors: Coetzee Abigail S. , Carter Edward P. , Rodríguez-Fernández Lucía , Heward James , Wang Qiaoying , Karim Saadia A. , Boughetane Lina , Milton Christopher , Uyulur Firat , Morton Jennifer P. , Kocher Hemant M. , Grose Richard P.
Published: November 2022

Pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) are key to the treatment-refractory desmoplastic phenotype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and have received considerable attention as a stromal target for cancer therapy. This approach demands detailed understanding of their pro- and anti-tumourigenic effects. Interrogating PSC-cancer cell interactions in 3D models, we identified nuclear FGFR1 as critical for PSC-led invasion of cancer cells. ChIP-seq analysis of FGFR1 in PSCs revealed a number of FGFR1 interaction sites within the genome, notably NRG1, which encodes the ERBB ligand Neuregulin. We show that nuclear FGFR1 regulates transcription of NRG1, which in turn acts in autocrine fashion through an ERBB2/4 heterodimer to promote invasion. In support of this, recombinant NRG1 in 3D model systems rescued the loss of invasion incurred by FGFR inhibition. In vivo we demonstrate that, while FGFR inhibition does not affect the growth of pancreatic tumours in mice, local invasion into the pancreas is reduced. Thus, FGFR and NRG1 may present new stromal targets for PDAC therapy.
Superior temporal gyrus and cerebellar loops predict nonsuicidal self-injury in major depressive disorder patients by multimodal neuroimaging
Authors: Kang Lijun , Wang Wei , Zhang Nan , Nie Zhaowen , Gong Qian , Yao Lihua , Tu Ning , Feng Hongyan , Zong Xiaofen , Bai Hanping , Wang Gaohua , Bu Lihong , Wang Fei , Liu Zhongchun
Published: November 2022

In major depressive disorder (MDD) patients, nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a common comorbidity, and it is important to clarify the underlying neurobiology. Here, we investigated the association of NSSI with brain function and structure in MDD patients. A total of 260 MDD patients and 132 healthy controls (HCs) underwent resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging and three-dimensional T1-weighted structural scans. NSSI behaviour was assessed through interviews. Voxel-based morphometry analysis (VBM), regional homogeneity analysis (ReHo), functional connectome topology properties and network-based statistics were used to detect the differences in neuroimaging characteristics. Finally, the random forest method was used to evaluate whether these factors could predict NSSI in MDD. Compared with HCs, MDD patients with a history of NSSI showed significant right putamen grey matter volume (GMV), right superior orbital frontal cortex ReHo, left pallidum degree centrality, and putamen-centre function network differences. Compared to MDD subjects without NSSI, those with past NSSI showed significant right superior temporal gyrus (STG) GMV, right lingual gyrus ReHo, sigma and global efficiency, and cerebellum-centre function network differences. The right STG GMV and cerebellum-centre function network were more important than other factors in predicting NSSI behaviour in MDD. MDD patients with a history of NSSI have dysregulated spontaneous brain activity and structure in regions related to emotions, pain regulation, and the somatosensory system. Importantly, right STG GMV and cerebellar loops may play important roles in NSSI in MDD patients.