bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protective effects of PAMAM dendrimers against ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury in mice
Authors: Zhang Chuang , Liu Xuelai , Ren Weirui , Liu Shaojie , Zhang Xiangjian , Yang Desheng , Li Suolin
Published: March 2020

Background:Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is a common disease of infancy, threatening infants’ health seriously. However, there is no effective drug to treat this disease.It is urgently to develop a new drug to overcome it. Polyamide-amine (PAMAM) dendrimer is a hyperbranched nano polymer, which has been found that has an anti-inflammatory effect recently. For this study, we aim to explore the protective effect and mechanism of PAMAM on CLD.Methods:In this study, a mouse model of cholestatic liver injury was created using ANIT,and TNF-α was utilized to stimulate human hepatocytes to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of 4.5th generation carboxyl-terminated PAMAM dendrimers (G4.5-COOH) in vivo and in vitro.Liver serum biochemistry, inflammatory, oxidative stress(OxS), endoplasmic reticulum(ER) stress and apoptosis indicators were determined.In addition, the eﬀects of G4.5-COOH on PPAR-γ and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway were studied. Data were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA. Results:We find the G4.5-COOH may inhibit TNF-α to damage hepatocytes and ameliorate the cholestatic liver injury. We also find that the protective effect of G4.5-COOH might be due to inhibition of P-Akt、P-mTOR expression by a mechanism that might be partly dependent on up-regulated functional expression of PPAR-γ.Conclusions:G4.5-COOH PAMAM dendrimer has a protective effect on CLD.
Inert CD30-positive extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma with large cell transformation: a case report
Authors: Wang Hui , Yu PengYi , Li Qing
Published: March 2020

Background Extranodal natural killer (NK)/T-Cell Lymphoma is a rare type of cytotoxic lymphoma associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection, highly invasive and relatively resistant to chemotherapy. Inert CD30-positive extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma with large cell transformation is very rare. Case presentation A married 55-year-old male was admitted to hospital in February 2017, because of “diagnosis of malignant lymphoma for about 12 years with high fever and a left neck mass present for about 3 weeks". The patient was diagnosed to NK/T Cell Lymphoma as early as 2006, repeated relapses in June 2010 and April 2013. The patient was biopsied again in February 2017, lymph node, about 2.5×2×1.3cm.The section was off-white and tender. Microscopic examinations showed a diffuse proliferation of small and atypical lymphoid cells, admixed with large lymphoid cells. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells exhibited positivity for CD30, CD3, CD43, CD2, CD56, TIA, negativity for CD4, CD8, AE1/AE3, CD20, ALK, EMA staining. In situ hybridization for EBER was strongly positive in the specimens.Conclusions Herein, we report a case of CD30-positive extranodal NK/T Cell Lymphoma with large cell transformation, nasal type, in indolent course over a period of 12 years. The accurate diagnosis of NK/T-cell lymphoma with CD30 expression and large cell transformation is very important. The disease usually has a poor prognosis related to several factors, but the indolent behavior of the present case is more unusual. A long-term follow-up is suggested to be performed to inspect the progression for this tumor.
MEK / ERK inhibitor effectively impact generalized lymphatic anomaly (GLA) cells growth through EGFR / MEK /ERK signaling pathway
Authors: Du Wa , Ayyaswamy Sriram , Rath Smruti , Ge Yan , Nguyen Tommy , Margolin Judith F , Kearny Debra , Phung Thuy L
Published: March 2020

Background Generalized lymphatic anomaly is characterized by diffuse or multicentric proliferation of dilated lymphatic vessels resembling common lymphatic malformation. Studies on GLA are frequently hampered by a lack of appropriate models to test the effects of potential treatments or decipher the mechanism of pathology. Moreover, diverse phenotypes observed with GLA require a large number of samples to be analyzed to obtain statistically informative results. Due to the very limited experimental material, most of the research is restricted to single case report. Methods We first time used two-step endothelial cell isolation technique (step 1: single cells were first sorted with a-human CD31 magnetic beads; step 2: collected CD31 Pos cells from step1 were sorted with a-human PDPN magnetic beads) to generate two GLA-LEC cell lines, and purified normal-LEC from normal liver tissue in the same case. To characterize the aberrant phenotype of generalized lymphatic anomaly lymphatic endothelial cells (GLA-LEC#1, and GLA-LEC#2). We investigated GLA-LECs growth curve, cell cycle, apoptosis, and sprouting angiogenesis in vitro . Matrigel plug assay was applied in immunodeficient mice to monitor the GLA-LECs formed vasculature in vivo . Rapamycin and dual MEK / ERK inhibitor were tested to investigate the efficacy on inhibiting GLA-LEC proliferation and downstream signaling pathway. Results We have successfully purified GLA-LECs from GLA tissues with > 99% purity. These cells also expressed the lymphatic markers lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor (LYVE-1) and podoplanin (PDPN). GLA-LECs showed significantly higher proliferation rate compared to normal-LECs in both cases. Cell cycle analysis of cell distribution suggested that compared with normal-LECs, GLA-LECs showed increased proportion of cells in S phase and less G0/G1 phase. When GLA-LECs and normal-LECs apoptosis induced by serum deprivation, more Annexin V positive population of endothelial cells were observed in normal-LECs but not GLA-LECs. Hyper-activated epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFR) signaling was observed in both cases of GLA-LECs, endogenously highly expression of EGF receptor and EGF induced phosphorylation of EGFR (phosphor Y1068) were found in both GLA cell lines. GLA-LECs are sensitive to both rapamycin and MEK / ERK dual inhibitor treatment. In vivo, by using Matrigel plug assay, we found both GLA-LECs and immortalized GLA-LEC (SV40) grew robust vessel-like structure. Conclusions In vitro , both GLA-LECs cell lines are highly proliferative as compared with normal-LECs. Rapamycin and dual MEK / ERK inhibitor dose-dependently inhibited GLA-LECs proliferation. In vivo , GLA-LECs showed angiogenic phenotype, and grew robust vessel-like structure in immunodeficient mice.
The Correlation Analysis of Caries Status Between Primary Molars and First Permanent Molars
Authors: Xu Liang , Liang Yuee , Chen Leyi , Lv Xiaolin , Liu Haixia , Zhao Youran , Xu Wenan
Published: March 2020

Background First Permanent Molars (PFMs) are the most critical teeth in the dental arc. Meanwhile they bear the highest risk for carious lesions. The aim of this study is to investigate the caries status of primary and permanent teeth among 8-9-year-old children in Guangzhou, and the correlation between the caries of primary molars and first permanent molars(FPMs).Methods 119 samples of children aged 8-9 were included. The scoring and evaluation were processed in accordance with International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0 software package by means of Pearson Chi-square test and Kendall’s correlation.Results Pearson Chi-Square test showed that the prevalence of dental caries of the first primary molars, second primary molars and primary molars had significant correlation with that of FPMs while Kendall’s correlation analysis showed that they had weak positive correlation. What’s more, the Pearson chi-square test showed that there was no significant correlation between the degree of dental caries of different primary molars and PFM.Conclusion Caries in primary molars, especially the second molar, are considered to be a risk indicator for the development of permanent molars in the future. However, regardless of the degree of primary molars caries, the susceptibility of FPMs caries should be aware of. And pit and fissure sealants for them should be carried out as soon as possible.
Dynamic changes and effects of environmental tobacco smoke exposure and weaning time on gut microbiota in young children aged 0-2 years
Authors: Xie Tianqu , Liu Yanqun , Chen Xiaoli , He Jing , Yu Yun , Wang Yuchen , Bai Jinbing
Published: March 2020

(1) Background: The colonization characteristics of infant gut microbiota are influenced by many factors at various stages, but few studies have explored the longitudinal effects of environmental tobacco exposure and quantitative weaning time on young children’ intestinal flora. The purpose of this study was to characterize the evolution of intestinal microflora in young children aged 0-2 years and the longitudinal effects of environmental tobacco exposure and weaning time on young children aged 6, 12, and 24 months.(2) Methods: A total of 37 maternal and children pairs were included in a tertiary general hospital in China and followed up for 2 years. General demographic information was collected on mothers (after delivery, 6 months, 12 months) and young children (6 months, 12 months, 24 months), including frequency of exposure and time of weaning, through self-made questionnaires. Fecal samples were collected from mothers in the third trimester of pregnancy and infants at 6, 12 and 24 months, and analyze the microbiota results using the V3-V4 gene sequence of 16S rRNA.(3) Results: the diversity of intestinal microflora in young children was the highest at 24 months and most similar to that in mothers. Weaning time was positively correlated with Lactobacillus in the intestines of infants aged 0 to 12 months. The diversity of microbiota exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at 6 months was lower than that of the non-exposed group, and the higher the exposure at 6-12 months, the lower the abundance of Blautia.(4) Conclusion: The gut microbiota of young children becomes more mature and complicated with age. The extension of complete weaning time to about 12 months is conducive to the colonization of beneficial bacteria. And the long-term exposure of children and the environment of tobacco smoke will affect the dysbiosis of gut microbiota.
The Challenges and Problems Posed by Patient Absconding from Teaching Hospitals in Kerman: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Moradpour Mahnaz , amiresmaili mohammadreza , moghadam Mahmood nekoi , dahesh Tania
Published: March 2020

Background Patient absconding from hospital is one of the permanent crises the hospital face which poses many risks and challenges to the patient, hospital and society. Considering the importance of this subject and numerous problems caused by this phenomenon in the hospitals, the present study aimed to identify the challenges and problems of patient absconding behavior for teaching hospitals of Kerman university of medical sciences.Methods The present study is a qualitative study which was conducted using purposive sampling through semi structured interviews with 63 informants involved in patient treatment process. Data were analyzed using Collaizi content analysis method.Results Two main themes of economic and social factors, and factors related to the hospital covering 36 subthemes were identified to explain the challenges and obstacles of patients absconding behavior. Also, three subthemes of problems for staff, patient and hospital were identified as problems resulted from patient absconding behavior.Conclusion There are many challenges and obstacles to decrease patient absconding from hospitals, and one of the main challenges is the patients’ economic and social problems. The absconding behavior can lead to harm and problems for the patient, and some emotional and occupational consequences for the employees and nurses. Paying attention to this issue and considering some courses of action to prevent patient absconding can lead to a considerable increase in the public trust and eliminate many problems for hospitals.
Laparoscopic Surgery Management of Hydronephrosis Secondary to Left Paraduodenal Hernia in Cryptorchid: Case Report and a Literature Review
Authors: Wang Xin , Guan Yong , Wu Yong , Meng QingYa
Published: March 2020

Background: Left paraduodenal hernia (PDH) is a mesenterico-parietal hernia with retroperitoneal retrocolic herniation of the small bowel into a sac formed by a peritoneal fold located near the fourth portion of the duodenum. It’s a rare cause of hydronephrosis by compressed the upper left ureter. Traditionally, PDH are treated by laparotomy.Case presentation: An 8-year-old boy’s primary purpose was the treatment of cryptorchidism. But hydronephrosis was detected and it was induced by left paraduodenal hernia. Diagnostic laparoscopic exploration confirmed the diagnosis left paraduodenal hernia secondary hydronephrosis. Cryptorchidism was the primary purpose of treatment. The patient was treated with laparoscopic surgery, fixed left paraduodenal hernia, released the ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJO) and treated hydronephrosis.Conclusion: Secondary surgery for treating cryptorchidism would be performed and the long-term follow up was necessary.This case suggests us a rare cause of hydronephrosis in children. Every why has a wherefore. We must pay much attention to any unusual details in our medical work even though these details aren’t related to our primary objects.
Overexpression of Long noncoding RNA Oprm1 Attenuates Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Increasing Endogenous Hydrogen Sulfide Production via Oprm1/miR-30b-5p/CSE axis
Authors: Hu Xiaomin , Liu Bojiang , Wu Peng , Lang Yuheng , Li Tong
Published: March 2020

Background: Ischemia/Reperfusion (I/R) Injury largely limits the efficacy of revascularization in acute myocardial infarction. Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) Oprm1 is protective in cerebral I/R injury. However, the effect of lncRNA Oprm1 on myocardial I/R injury and its mechanism remains unknown.Methods: We ligated and then released the left anterior descending coronary artery of adult male rats to build the I/R model in vivo, while an H9c2 cardiomyocytes hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R) model was also used. Myocardial infarction area, cardiac function, histology, Tunnel staining, cell viability, and vital protein expression was conducted and compared.Results: lncRNA Oprm1 was significantly down-regulated in the I/R injury model. When administered with the AAV9-Oprm1 vector, the myocardial injury and cardiac function were mitigated and preserved, with apoptosis reduced. The cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) expression and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) expression were increased. The dual-luciferase reporter gene revealed the targeted relationship between lncRNA Oprm1 and miR-30b-5p. In H9c2 cardiomyocytes models, the miR-30b-5p blocked the protective effect of lncRNA Oprm1 on H/R injury, when Bcl-2, Bcl-xl was down-regulated, and HIF-1α, Bnip-3, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9 up-regulated.Conclusions: lncRNA Oprm1can competitively combines with miR-30b-5p, which down-regulates the expression of CSE. When administered with lncRNA Oprm1, increased endogenous H2S can reduce apoptosis and protect the myocardium from I/R injury via activating PI3K/Akt pathway and inhibiting HIF1-α activity.
Screening and identification of significant genes in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma by bioinformatical analysis
Authors: Ren Weirui , Zhang Chuang , Pan Lei , Wang Weijing , Zhao Wenjuan , Zhang Yuxiang , Wang Junmin
Published: March 2020

Background: Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most common cancers with notably high incidence and mortality rates. However, the molecular mechanism underlying ESCC pathogenesis and prognosis is very complicated. The main objective of our investigation has been to obtain some knowledge of significant genes with poor outcome and their underlying mechanisms.Methods: Gene expression profiles of GSE26886, GSE23400, GSE20347 and GSE17351 were available from GEO database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, and function enrichment analyses were performed. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) was constructed and the module analysis was performed using STRING and Cytoscape software.Results: A total of 105 DEGs were identified between normal esophagus and ESCC bioinformatical analysis samples. Functional annotations of the common DEGs indicate that extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling plays a key role in tumor formation and progression.18 hub genes were identified and disease free survival analysis showed that CDKN3, RAD51AP1, KIF4A may be involved in poor prognosis in ESCC patients.Conclusions: DEGs and hub genes identified in the present study help us understand the molecular mechanisms underlying the carcinogenesis and progression of ESCC, and provide candidate targets for diagnosis and treatment of ESCC.
Changes of students’ understanding in the systemic improvement by dental treatment after undergraduate clinical training in Japan
Authors: Naruishi Koji , Wada-Mihara Chie , Oishi Keiji , Bando Mika , Ninomiya Masami , Hiroshima Yuka , Kido Jun-ichi , Iwamoto Tsutomu , Yumoto Hiromichi
Published: March 2020

Background: Undergraduate clinical training is a useful program for dental students to learn clinical skills. The aim of this study was to investigate whether dental students who had undergone clinical training understood the clinical significance of dental treatment and its connection to systemic health.Methods: An awareness survey was conducted in dentistry students both before and after undergraduate clinical training. A total of 42 dental students were recruited before clinical training, and 32 dental students responded to the survey. In addition, all of the 42 dental students responded to the survey after clinical training. A total of 53 medical students were recruited as control subjects. Differences between the 2 groups were analyzed using Fisher's exact test.Results: Before clinical training, the percentage of dental students who recognized that periodontal treatment has positive effects on systemic diseases was higher than that of the control. After clinical training, a higher percentage of dental students recognized the positive effects of periodontal treatment on systemic health. A higher percentage of dental students before clinical training recognized the positive effects of prosthetic treatment on geriatric conditions; however, after clinical training no significant differences were found between the dental students and the control when surveyed about the positive effects of periodontal and prosthetic treatment on geriatric conditions.Conclusion: Undergraduate clinical training is useful for improving the students’ understanding of the clinical significance of dental treatment. The results of these surveys suggest that dental education supported by experience contributes to an appreciation of the role of dental treatment.
The ‘Octopus’ Skills Model of a Medical Professional: A Focus Group Discussion
Authors: Malik Samina , Younus Raza , Mahmud Qanita , Fatima Aimen , Jabbar Naila , Nasir Shahbaz Ali , Malik Mikail , Malik Shamir
Published: March 2020

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Effect of p21-activated kinase 1 inhibition on proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma
Authors: Yi Qinghao , Chen Tianze , Zhou Kunlin , Ma Qiang , Sun Zhiyuan , Wang Lei , Wang Renhao , Shi Hengliang
Published: March 2020

Background: Abnormally expressed the p21-activated kinases (PAKs) are implicated in the development and treatment of glioma. Previous study has reported that PAK1 is expressed in glioma. However, the role and mechanism of PAK1 in glioma progression remain unclear.Methods: Western blotting was employed to detect the expression of PAK1 in human glioma tissues. CCK-8, EdU and colony formation assay were applied to evaluate the effect of PAK1 inhibition on cell proliferation of glioma. The flow cytometry was utilized to examine the cell cycle distribution and apoptotic rate of glioma. Wound healing and transwell assay were exploited to investigate the effect of PAK1 inhibition on cell migration and invasion of glioma. The orthotopic xenograft glioma model was established to probe the effect of PAK1 silencing on tumor formation of U87 cell. Results: It was showed that PAK1 was significantly upregulated in glioma tissues. Besides, high level of PAK1 was found to be associated with poor prognosis in glioma patients in TCGA database. PAK1 inhibition restrained cell proliferation, arrested cells at G1 phase, and induced cell apoptosis of glioma. PAK1 inhibition suppressed glioma cell migration and invasion. Moreover, knockdown of PAK1 dramatically decreased the protein expressions including MDM2, p38, p-p38, CyclinD1, CDK4, Bcl-2, MMP2, MMP9, Cofilin, while increased the protein levels of p53, Bax, p21 and Cleaved Caspase-3. Finally, orthotopic xenograft glioma model confirmed that silencing of PAK1 repressed the tumor formation of U87 cell transplantation.Conclusion: Our study described that PAK1 inhibition impedes proliferation, migration and invasion of glioma cells and thus probably as a novel target for glioma therapy.
Minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among 6-23 months children in rural community, Southern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study
Authors: G/Wold Birhanu , Bitew Shimelash , Bati Temesgen , Demssie Tsegaye
Published: March 2020

Background: Lack of dietary diversity especially for children 6-23 months is critical because they require energy and nutrient-dense foods for both physical, mental growth and development. However, in many low-income countries particularly in rural area, at least meeting the minimum dietary diversity standard has been a major challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to assess minimum dietary diversity and associated factors among 6-23 months children in rural community of Kacha Bira district, Southern Ethiopia.Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was employed on 623 children aged 6-23 months. Two stages cluster sampling method was conducted to select study population. Pre-tested and interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. Data were entered and cleaned by Epi data 3.1, then exported to SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 20 for statistical analysis. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was employed using a p-value < 0.25 and < 0.05, respectively. Results: In this study, the day before data collection 46.1% (95% CI: 42.1-50.0) of 6-23 months children were fed on adequately diversified diets. Maternal age 18-24 years [AOR=3.68(95%CI: 1.18, 6.22)], post-natal care follow up [AOR=8.8 (95%CI: 5.17, 14.98)], children 6-11 months age [AOR=2.04(95%CI: 1.24, 3.39)] and being household food secured [AOR=3.64(95%CI: 2.27, 5.84)] were associated with dietary diversity.Conclusions: In the study area less than half of 6-23 months children were fed on adequately diversified diets, which is very low. All mothers should be encouraged to make postnatal care follow up and measures should take to improve food security of the household.
Identification of neoadjuvant radiotherapy resistance genes in rectal cancer using integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Liao Caihua , Zhang Tiancheng , Wang Ke , Zhong Qiong , Chen Lin , Dong Haiyan , Fu Chuangang , Jin Rongzhong
Published: March 2020

The incidence of rectal cancer is increasing year by year. And most patients have been diagnosed in the advanced stages largely because of the special anatomical location of the rectum, resulting in uneasy diagnosis in its early stage. The combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is widely accepted as effective treatment to the rectal cancer, significantly reduce the local recurrence rate and improve long-term survival, but the occurrence of radiotherapy resistance of rectal cancer strikingly weaken the responding of treatment. So finding reasons or factors leading to the resistance of neoadjuvant radiotherapy for rectal cancer become very urgent not just for the current clinic but also for development of new therapeutical approaches. To identify potential biomarkers associated with neoadjuvant radiotherapy resistance in rectal cancer using bioinformatics analysis. Firstly, we extracted relevant data from GEO database and analyzed the corresponding data by a series of analytic methods. Then, the candidate genes were identified by performing of the analysis of protein-protein interaction network, KEGG and GO, subsequently comfirmed at the levels of mRNA and Protein with Oncomine and The Human Protein Atlas respectively. Furthermore, these comfirmed genes were submitted to CMap analysis to identify candidate therapeutic compounds for neoadjuvant radiotherapy resistance. We found that the abnormal expression of some chemokines were tightly associated with the rectal cancer neoadjuvant radiotherapy resistance. Especially the upreuglation of Chemokines 9(CXCL9) and Chemokines 10(CXCL10) and downregulation of Chemokines 13(CXCL13) and Chemokines 5(CCL5) might be the potential biomarks of the radiotherapy resistance of rectal cancer. Through a series of analyses, the molecules that may be related to the radiotherapy resistance of rectal cancer were identified that may have a hint effect on the treatment of radiotherapy resistance of rectal cancer.
Zihin Yetersizliği Olan Bireylere Tarım Becerilerinin Öğretiminde Video Modelle Öğretim Yönteminin Etkililiği
Authors: ULUGÖL Funda , ERATAY Emine
Published: March 2020

Bu araştırma ile hafif düzeyde
zihin yetersizliği (ZY) olan bireylerin tarım becerilerinden fide yetiştirme
becerisini öğrenmelerinde video modelle öğretim yönteminin (VMÖY)
etkililiği, öğrenilen becerinin kalıcılığı ve genellemesi incelenmiştir.
Aynı zamanda katılımcıların öğretim süresince video aracılığıyla sunulan
hedeflenmeyen bilgileri ne derecede kazandıkları ve özel eğitim
öğretmenlerinin ve katılımcıların ailelerinin VMÖY kullanılarak sunulan
öğretim sürecine ve hedeflenen becerilere ilişkin görüşleri
değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada tek denekli araştırma yöntemlerinden
denekler arası yoklama evreli çoklu yoklama modeli kullanılmıştır.
Araştırmaya 18-22 yaş arasında ZY tanısı almış iki kız bir erkek birey
katılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları; ZY olan bireylere fide yetiştirme
becerisinin öğretiminde VMÖY’nin etkili olduğunu, katılımcıların video
aracılığıyla sunulan hedeflenmeyen bilgi kazanım düzeyinde artış olduğunu ve
araştırmanın sosyal olarak geçerli olduğunu göstermektedir.
Gürültü Seviyesi Ölçümlerinde Akıllı Telefon Uygulamaları
Authors: ÖZEL AKDEMİR Ümmükülsüm , AKDEMİR Andaç
Published: March 2020

Gürültü kirliliğinin insan sağlığı için son derece önemli olması ve her geçen gün trafik kaynaklı gürültü kirliliğinin artması şehirlerde gürültü kirliliğinin ölçülmesini ve gürültü haritalarının oluşturulmasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Gürültü kirliliği ölçümlerinde kullanılan gürültü cihazlarının maliyetleri dikkate alındığında, daha fazla ölçüm noktasında veri alabilmek ve ölçüm maliyetlerini düşürebilmek için, son yıllarda akıllı telefonlarda kullanılan gürültü ölçüm yazılımları kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, laboratuvar ortamında gürültü ölçüm cihazı ile farklı telefon ve yazılımların gürültü ölçüm hassasiyetleri araştırılmıştır. Çalışmada Android ve iOS işletim sistemleri ve farklı model telefonlar kullanılmıştır. Gürültü ölçümlerinde Noise Meter ve Sound Meter Pro yazılımlarının performansları değerlendirilmiştir. Telefonlardaki mikrofon sistemlerine ve Android ve iOS sistemlerine bağlı olarak yazılımların trafik gürültüsü ölçümleri, sürekli ölçüm cihazı sonuçları ile değişiklik göstermektedir. Yazılımların hassasiyetlerinin geliştirilmesi ile sürekli ölçüm cihazlarının verdiği sonuçlara ulaşılabileceği, daha fazla noktada düşük maliyetle hassas ve doğru ölçüm yapılabileceği düşünülmektedir.
JAK Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Macaluso Fabio Salvatore , Rodríguez-Lago Iago
Published: March 2020

Background:

Inflammatory bowel disease, including both Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, are two
chronic and progressive disorders affecting the gastrointestinal tract. Research on the molecular mechanisms of both
diseases has led to the introduction of targeted therapies which are able to selectively block the key inflammatory
mediators.

Methods:

Here, we discuss the current evidence about the mechanism of action with an up to date review of the
efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in inflammatory bowel disease.

Results:

Multiple small molecule drugs have been evaluated for their use in both ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s
disease. Janus kinase inhibitors represent the most important family of these drugs, as their particular mechanism of
action enables a simultaneous and effective blockade of multiple cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of the
disease.

Conclusion:

Janus kinase inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy, especially in ulcerative colitis. More
data are still necessary regarding its efficacy and safety in clinical practice.
CAN HYPOCRISY BE A VIRTUE? HUME ON THE MORALITY OF PRINCES
Authors: Abranches Alexandra
Published: March 2020

This paper examines the moral status of hypocrisy in the moral and political philosophy of David Hume. Its aim will be to try to determine whether, according to Hume, hypocrisy has any positive moral value, or whether, not having any, Hume should therefore be placed in the same category of political realists such as Machiavelli, with his sharp distinction between moral and political values. If the latter is the case, then hypocrisy can be described as an absolute moral vice. But if the former is the case, that is, if hypocrisy has any moral value, then Hume does not support the sharp separation between what is right from a political and from a moral point of view, which means that there may even be, then, some relation between hypocrisy and moral obligation. In other words, hypocrisy may very well be virtuous.
THE ROLE OF LYING IN POLITICS
Authors: Bouvot Kathrin
Published: March 2020

The aim of my paper is to discuss the question of whether in the political climate lying is to be seen as a skill, something that an effective politician must do, or whether it is an absolute “no go” realm. Are lying and deception necessary “skills” for achieving success in politics? Is truthfulness in politics a contradiction in itself? Is the political business as such not dirty by nature? When we think about the remarkable number of lies which have been concocted and distributed by politicians in the recent past, the impression that politics and lies indeed go handin-hand emerges, and that the ideal image of politics as a rational instrument for the formulation of generally binding objectives is fraudulent. Should a distinction be made between lies that pursue harmful goals and lies that aim to achieve a good aim? Should politicians be morally justified to lie in order to realise well-meant political objectives?
ARGUMENTATIVE HYPOCRISY AND CONSTITUENT DEBATES: THE ITALIAN CASE
Authors: Damele Giovanni
Published: March 2020

Jon Elster suggested that even speakers who are not moved “by a concern for the common good”, but whose concerns are “purely self-interested”, may be still forced or induced “to substitute the language of impartial argument for the language of self-interest”. This substitution would be the fruit of the civilizing force of hypocrisy. This argumentative hypocrisy is a key concept for understanding a process of negotiation through persuasive strategies typical in constitutional debates. Particularly, Elster believes that “the most important requirement” of a bargaining theory should be “that we are able to specify what will happen during a temporary breakdown of cooperation”. The constituents can get out of an impasse caused by a non-cooperative situation resorting to argumentative hypocrisy. The paper will analyse some examples taken from the debate which led to the final version of the Italian Constitution.
Cat people
Authors: Eeckhout Nadia
Published: March 2020

catpeople dislike dogpeople and mice
test voor resubmit
Authors: Admin Admin
Published: March 2020

abstract voor resubmit
Application of a Mathematical Model in Determining the Spread of the Rabies Virus: Simulation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Huang Yihao , Li Mingtao
Published: March 2020

BACKGROUND

Rabies is an acute infectious disease of the central nervous system caused by the rabies virus. The mortality rate of rabies is almost 100%. For some countries with poor sanitation, the spread of rabies among dogs is very serious.

OBJECTIVE

The objective of this paper was to study the ecological transmission mode of rabies to make theoretical contributions to the suppression of rabies in China.

METHODS

A mathematical model of the transmission mode of rabies was constructed using relevant data from the literature and officially published figures in China. Using this model, we fitted the data of the number of patients with rabies and predicted the future number of patients with rabies. In addition, we studied the effectiveness of different rabies suppression measures.

RESULTS

The results of the study indicated that the number of people infected with rabies will rise in the first stage, and then decrease. The model forecasted that in about 10 years, the number of rabies cases will be controlled within a relatively stable range. According to the prediction results of the model reported in this paper, the number of rabies cases will eventually plateau at approximately 500 people every year. Relatively effective rabies suppression measures include controlling the birth rate of domestic and wild dogs as well as increasing the level of rabies immunity in domestic dogs.

CONCLUSIONS

The basic reproductive number of rabies in China is still greater than 1. That is, China currently has insufficient measures to control rabies. The research on the transmission mode of rabies and control measures in this paper can provide theoretical support for rabies control in China.
Seleksi Produksi Tahap Pertama Klon-Klon Ubijalar Berkadar Gula Tinggi
Authors: Restuono Joko
Published: March 2020

Ubijalar merupakan komoditas yang memiliki nilai gizi dan komersial yang tinggi, contohnya ubi Cilembu yang dikenal juga dengan ubi madu yang harga jualnya tinggi. Ubi ini disukai konsumen karena rasanya yang manis (memiliki kadar gula tinggi). Permintaan ubi Cilembu semakin meningkat, tidak hanya di dalam negeri tetapi juga sudah diekspor ke mancanegara. Daya adaptasi ubi Cilembu yang sempit (umumnya tumbuh baik bila ditanam di daerah Cilembu, Jawa Barat) menjadi kendala dalam pengembangannya. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah dengan merakit varietas unggul baru yang memiliki produktivitas tinggi, kadar gula tinggi serta mampu beradaptasi luas. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi hasil dan kadar gula klon-klon harapan ubi jalar.  Penelitian dilaksanakan di kecamatan Poncokusumo kabupaten Malang. Materi genetik menggunakan 40 klon ubi jalar termasukpembanding Sari dan Cilembu sebagai varietas cek. Rancangan perlakuan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) tiga ulangan. Variabel yang diamati : hasil panen, indeks panen, bahan kering umbi, kadar air dan kadar gula reduksi. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa 31 klon memiiliki kadar bahankering lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kedua varietas cek. Rata-rata produktivitas umbi segar tertinggi dipeoleh pada klon MSU 15018-53 (38,23 t/ha), diikuti MSU 15008-36 (36,37 t/ha) dan MSU 15018-55 (35,20 t/ha). Terdapat lima klon yang memiliki kadar gula reduksi lebih tinggi dari varietas pembanding Cilembu (13,30 Brix), yaitu klon MSU 15008-22, MSU 15013-35, MSU 15013-01, MSU 15016-69, dan MSU 15007-28. Klon-klon ini berpeluang untuk dirilis sebagai varietas unggul baru dengan kadar gula tinggi.
Susan Haack, Philosophy of Logics
Authors: Orayen Raúl
Published: March 2020

Resumen
M.W. Wartofsky, Models: Representation and Scientific Understanding
Authors: Otero Mario H.
Published: March 2020

Resumen
G.A. Cohen, Karl Marx's Theory of History: A Defense
Authors: Villanueva Enrique
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Coincidental Cognitive Content
Authors: Maloney Christopher
Published: March 2020

Uno de los hechos notables del pensamiento es que una persona puede pensar, en distintas ocasiones, el mismo pensamiento de distintas maneras, quizás para recordar o contar lo que se ha percibido, o para proyectar o predecir lo que se percibirá. En este ensayo presento un fragmento de una teoría filosófica sobre el pensamiento que muestra, considerando la esencia del pensamiento, lo que hace posible que una persona piense el mismo pensamiento de distintas maneras en distintos momentos. La teoría que propongo utiliza el lenguaje como un modelo del pensamiento; postula que distintas clases o especies del pensamiento son clases o especies de lenguajes mentales relacionados lingüísticamente. Estos siguen reglas semejantes a las de los lenguajes convencionales. El modelo aclara las relaciones entre las diferentes clases o especies del pensamiento sensorio e indica la manera en que el pensamiento puramente contemplativo o abstracto puede surgir del pensamiento sensorio. [J.C.M.]
Justification and Indefinite Propositions: Disarming Gettier's Counterexamples
Authors: Moser Paul K.
Published: March 2020

Los contraejemplos de Gettier al análisis tradicional del conocimiento como una creencia verdadera y justificada, muestran que hay creencias verdaderas justificadas en "evidencias ", pero que no constituyen un conocimiento, porque, por ejemplo, a1guien (digamos, Smith) puede tener la evidencia justificada y así creer que (I) Jones obtendrá el empleo y tiene 10 monedas en el bolsillo, sobre la base de la cual estará justificado en creer que (2) la persona que obtendrá el empleo tiene 10 monedas en el bolsillo, pero sin que conozca, no obstante, que (2) es verdadera y está justificada, debido a que desconoce que otra persona en particular (el propio Smith) por coincidencia obtiene el empleo y posee 10 monedas en el bolsillo, Moser argumenta en su artículo que si se considera la justificación de las proposiciones contingentes indefinidas, y la manera en que éstas son verdaderas, la deducibilidad de la justificación en los contraejemplos de Gettier es falsa, pues para una proposición indefinida como (2), la cual puede ser verdadera de muchas maneras en particular, no se puede tener evidencia justificada sobre la base de una evidencia justificada de una proposición "menos indefinida" como (1). Por otra parte, niega que una proposición indefinida como (2) pueda estar justificada sobre la base de la evidencia de (1) cuando la manera en que (2) es verdadera es por coincidencia e improbable (porque coincidentemente y de manera improbable sea Smith, y no Jones, quien obtenga el empleo y posea las 10 monedas). Como corolario el autor declara que es falso el principio de deducibilidad de la justificación según el cual, si una persona S está justificada en creer que (1), y (l) implica lógicamente (2), y S deduce (2) de (1) y cree (2) como un resultado de esta deducción, entonces S está justificado en creer que (2); porque, aunque (1) implica lógicamente (2), la evidencia justificada de que (1) no proporciona a S evidencia justificada para cada manera en que (2) es, o sería, verdadera. Por tanto, S no está justificado en creer que (2) sobre la base de la evidencia de que (1). [Wonfilio Trejo]
Cortando árboles y relaciones (una reflexión escéptica en torno a un tema de Searle)
Authors: Cabrera Álvarez Julio
Published: March 2020

The notion of "literal meaning" can be considered to be a unifying category, "projected" onto the natural differentiation of uses of language. This precludes the usual ontological expressions, in the material mode of speech, such as "There exists a meaning, common to many occurrences of a term ", and the like. Although a certain theory of language allows the employment of such an unifying cathegory, this is not necessary for determining truth-conditions for sentences in which the term appears. These conditions can be determined, in fact, for each "cotext "; that is to say for each linguistic environment oí the tenn. This is an even morc skeptical approach than Searle's criticisms against tendencies in the contemporary philosophy of language in which he attempts to determine truth-conditions independently from contextual considerations. [J.C.A.]
Tokens, Types, and Nominalism
Authors: Lemos Ramon M.
Published: March 2020

En este trabajo se consideran diversos aspectos dell status ontológico de las palabras y de las oraciones, aspectos que ocasionan problemas a una posición nominalista, mas no a una conceptualists. También se argumenta que incluso una posición realista tiene problemas que no afectan al conceptualismo. La tesis central que se defiende es que la distinción conceptual typetoken (tipo-espécimen] libera al conceptualismo de los problemas mayores que aquejan al nominalismo, pues este -por razones teóricas- no puede disponer de la misma. La posición conceptualista que se defiende mantiene que tanto los tipos como los especímenes lingüísticos de los que aquí se trata, dependen, para existir, de una mente —de alguien que use un determinado lenguaje— que los piense, que les dé el ser. Esto, sin embargo, no implica que los tipos sean entidades meramente subjetivas; lo que se sostiene es que no habría tipos —y tampoco especímenes— si no hubiese ningún acto mental del que depende su existencia; pero, no obstante, los tipos no son actos mentales, ni tampoco entidades autónomas, con existeneia independiente de cualquier acto mental. Finalmente, cabe señalar la dependencia teórica que se da entre tipos y especímenes: los tipos y los especímenes son entidades ontológicamente distintas, pero se condicionan mutuamente; esto es, un espécimen no podria existir como tal sin que existiese el tipo del que es espécimen; por otra parte, tampoco puede sostenerse que haya tipos sin que existan especímenes correspondientes de los mismos. [J.A. Robles ]
Existential Import
Authors: Wreen Michael
Published: March 2020

Aunque se emplea el concepto de "contenido existencial" con frecuencia en los textos de lógica formal, y aunque se emplea el concepto frecuentemente como linde del territorio disputado de la logica filosófica, el significado preciso del concepto es difícil de precisar. En este artículo quiero indagar el concepto, y arguyo que el concepto es de poco valor. La tradición clásica interpreta el concepto de una manera, los filósofos modernos lo interpretan de otra manera, y el esfuerzo de hacer las paces disyuntivas entre los dos es, desde el punto de vista teórico, tanto problemático como innecesario, Mi conclusión es que debemos proscribir el concepto. [M. W.]
Global Justice, Power and the Logic of Capitalism
Authors: Nielsen Kai
Published: March 2020

Kai Nielsen, siguiendo una polémica iniciada por Charles Beitz y Henry Shue, discute el problema de la justicia global. El hecho de tener que decidir acerca de la prioridad de la justicia global sobre la doméstica, nos obliga a enfrentar un problema ético. Por un lado, parece ser que las personas que habitan en países ricos y tienen recursos deberían empobrecerse, si esto fuese necesario, para llegar a una igualdad internacional con el objeto de cubrir las necesidades básicas de los habitantes de países de escasos recursos. Por otra parte, nuestro sentido moral se inclina a creer que es más importante ocuparnos de nuestros propios pobres, es decir, a creer que los compatriotas tienen procedencia. Según Nielsen, una adecuada concepción de la justicia, ya sea global o doméstica, no puede limitarse a un cuestionamiento sobre la manera en que están distribuidas las cargas y los beneficios en una sociedad, es necesario fijar nuestra atención en los procesos de producción. Basándose en un ejemplo de la producción y el mercado de alimentos en países del Tercer Mundo, Nielsen muestra cómo el capitalismo y el imperialismo han contribuido a que unos países se enriquezcan a expensas de otros. Según él, no encontraremos la solución diciendo a quiénes debemos beneficiar, ya que no es un problema enraizado ni en la escasez de recursos naturales ni en la sobrepoblación, sino un problema socio-económico y político. Las injusticias causadas por la economía capitalista podrían desaparecer si ésta fuese reemplazada por un sistema genuinamente socialista o quizá, aunque Nielsen lo duda, por un capitalismo de bienestar, tal como el que se encuentra en Suecia. Nielsen concluye señalando que el interés teórico de este asunto es que podemos ver claramente cómo el dilema ético se disuelve y aparece un problema empírico, es decir, un problema acerca de la adecuación de una determinada sociología político y acerca de los resultados de una lucha política enraizada en valoraciones fácticas diferentes del mundo social. [Paulette Dieterlen]
Eva Schaper (compiladora), Pleasure, Preference and Value. Studies in Philosophical Aesthetics
Authors: Argudín Luis
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Klaus Hedwig, Sphaera Lucis. Studien sur Intelligibilität des Seienden im Kontext der mittelalterlichen Lichtspekulation
Authors: Beuchot Mauricio
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Robert Cummins, The Nature of Psychological Explanation
Authors: Villanueva Enrique
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Comparison Shopping in the Philosophy of Mind
Authors: Adams Fred
Published: March 2020

El funcionalismo se ha convertido rápidamente en la concepción preponderante en la filosofía de la mente y en el nuevo campo de la ciencia cognoscitiva. El funcionalismo y, en general, la construcción de teorías en estas áreas, se enfrentan a dos obstáculos: las propiedades funcionales y las propiedades semánticas. Estas constituyen obstáculos porque no está claro como puede tener eficacia causal la ejemplificación, en una estructura, de una de estas propiedades. Parecería, no obstante, que las generalizaciones psicológicas que empleamos —nuestros principales candidatos a leyes causales en psicología— cuantifican tanto sobre propiedades funcionales (propiedades mentales entendidas como propiedades funcionales) como sobre propiedades semánticas (los contenidos proposicionales de los estados mentales cognoscitivos). En años recientes, Jerry Fodor ha llamado nuestra atención sobre ambos problemas. Al problema de la propiedad funcional lo denomina el "problema de Moliere"; el problema de la propiedad semántica ha venido a ser conocido como el "problema del solipsismo metodológico". Si bien Fodor reconoce ambos problemas, no cree que los dos tengan la misma importancia. Niega que los dos se sostengan o caigan juntos y defiende que el problema semántica es, con mucho, el más difícil de los dos puesto que el problema de la propiedad funcional ha sido finalmente resuelto, mientras que el problema semántico no lo ha sido. En este artículo sostengo que Fodor se equivoca. Los dos problemas corren la misma suerte —ambos tienen el mismo origen y la solución de uno de ellos conduciría probablemente a la solución del otro—. Afirmo también que es falso que el problema de la propiedad funcional haya sido resuelto. Señalo, por último, un sitio en el que puede buscarse una solución a ambos problemas. [F.A.]
Patrick Suppes, Probabilistic Metaphysics
Authors: Rolleri José Luis
Published: March 2020

Resumen
Circularidades en la contrastación experimental
Authors: Garrido Garrido Juan
Published: March 2020

The experimental test of scientific laws has two essential characteristics: (a) the holism of predictious generation (the predictions are deduced from sets of laws and not from individual laws) and (b) the theoretical weight of measurements (the measurements are based on laws). The former aspect brings about "Duhem's problem": if a prediction is refuted, it is necessary to decide which of its different premises must be modified. Point (b) above implies circularities in experimental test that can be extreme: the same laws may be part of the deduction of a prediction and, simultaneously, of the fundaments of the prediction that allows to verify it. The analysis of one of such cases, the Venturi effect, reveals that circularity does not protect the theories of experimentation and, furthermore, that its methodological effects reduce to reinforce holism, thus increasing "Duhem's problem".