bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IT crime: a virtual threat with real consequences
Authors: Boziev Taulan Osmanovich , Korotkov Aleksey Viktorovich , Sipyagina Mayya Nikolaevna , Intykbaev Manas Kapasovich
Published: May 2021

The paper is focused on the problem of IT-crime development in Russia against the background of a significant increase in its indicators. Analysis of the current state of IT crime, identification of its causes and growth factors, problems of countering this type of crime. The study was carried out using general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, observation, logical method, content analysis of the media), private scientific methods: questioning and survey, as well as the method of criminal statistics. The study made it possible to identify the features of the restructuring of modern crime and its factors; correlate the problem of the development of IT crime, including with the shortcomings of the functioning of the penal system revealed in the media; analyze and substantiate the proposed methods of combating IT crime. Substantiated a group of factors that currently have a significant impact on the development of IT crime; the revealed problem of the development of IT-criminality in places of deprivation of liberty is analyzed: the reasons and methods of counteraction. The conclusion is made about the inexpediency of methods of technical intervention in universal access to communication services in local territorial areas that require significant budgetary investments. According to the study, the key role in normalizing the situation in the penitentiary system still belongs to the staff of institutions, and the creation of the most effective ways to stimulate law-abiding behavior.
Official of operating units: status and powers
Authors: Bukharov Nikolay Nikolaevich , Bushin George Vladimirovich , Kurtyak Andrey Ivanovich , Siles Bladimir Denis Rivera
Published: May 2021

The scientific article is dedicated to the research of the status and powers of an official of operating units and official and legal relations arising when enforcing the norms of law legislated in the Federal Law “On Operational Investigative Activities”. Objective: to perform the scientific research of the status and powers of an official of operating units; to analyze the legislation regulating this legal status, powers of the official of operating units. Methods. In the work, the authors used the formal, logical, sociological, historical, and dialectic methods. The scientific article is based upon the sociological, theoretical, and historical methods, on the knowledge technique of the legal status of an official, theory of powers, and the comparative analysis of the legislative regulations. The main methodological approach used in the scientific article is the criminal intelligence theory developed in the works by Russian lawyers. Main results: the research allowed revealing the advantages and disadvantages of the legislative and regulatory framework regulating the legal status and powers of an official of operating units and also the significant mistakes in the case law. Conclusion and grounding of the novelty of work: basing upon the analysis of the current Federal Law “On Operational Investigative Activities”, it can be concluded that officials can be logically subdivided into the main and derivative types according to their powers. The main types of officials are the following: 1) officials of operating units; 2) derivative positions – criminal intelligence investigator. A complex of federal laws and other statutes and regulations of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation that legislate the concept of the official of operating units determine the structure and content of the legal status of an official; in general, it can be called legislation regulating the legal status of the officials. The novelty of the work is in the grounding of the new approach to the understanding of the legal status of officials of operating units and their powers; this approach is based upon the theory of legal status and the theory of operational and investigative activity. The criteria of the novelty are corresponded to: the authors’ understanding of the concept “official of operating units”; improvement of the characteristics of the legal nature and legal status of an “official of operating units”; evaluation of legal norms of the Federal Law “On Operational Investigative Activities”; recommendations of improvement of the Federal Law “On Operational Investigative Activities”; development of the methods of the legal status of an “official of operating units” aimed at creating a sequential algorithm for solving qualified tasks. The main objective of the research in this scientific article is the creation of a detailed and clear concept of an “official of operating units” and also revealing the main powers of these officials.
Pandemic as an additional criminality factor
Authors: Gotchina Larisa Vladimirovna , Kokin Dmitry Mikhailovich , Semenova Victoria Vyacheslavovna , Serdyuk Leonid Vasilievich , Serdyuk Pavel Leonidovich
Published: May 2021

The prerequisite for the study was the emerging new “coronavirus” disease, viewed as a criminality factor. The objective of the study is to identify new characteristics of crime in the context of the incidence of coronavirus in the population, to identify its highly latent types, to reflect the dynamics. The following methods were used to achieve the objective: analysis, synthesis, generalization, statistical method, content analysis, method of expert assessments. The results of the work were the revealed patterns of crime in the sphere of illegal circulation of drugs, weapons, and domestic violence. The novelty is the identification of highly latent types of crime during a pandemic and its characteristic features. Issues related to the prevention of domestic violence during a pandemic with the participation of law enforcement agencies and guardianship authorities in this work were considered. The draft laws “On responsibility for domestic violence” and “On restricting the removal of children from the family” were discussed, recommendations for their improvement were provided. Attention is focused on the practicability of strengthening preventive measures in the fight against domestic violence to preserve families and ensure the interests of children. An increase in the number of drug crimes was revealed during the pandemic, both in Russia and abroad. The Russian drug market is experiencing a shortage of smuggled drugs. It is reoriented to synthetic drugs with new underground drug laboratories being opened. The main contingent of attraction to drug use is still young people and adolescents, the main method – using Internet technologies. The increase in the number of crimes in the sphere of illegal arms trafficking was provoked by the factor of fear, due to the presence of the threat of becoming a victim of selfish and violent crimes. The consequence is consumer panic and an increase in the need of the Russian population for self-defense.
Sexual harassment: criminological grounds and criminal law powers
Authors: Denisov Sergey Anatolyevich , Semenov Konstantin Petrovich , Aleshina-Alekseeva Ekaterina Nikolaevna , Kiryanov Arseny Alekseevich , Kryukov Anton Vladimirovich
Published: May 2021

The objective reality of social interaction demonstrates the further development of social relations in various aspects of human existence, which gives rise to new contradictions that require resolution, including legal regulation by the norms of various law branches. There is a need to establish the limits for the subject’s legally acceptable behaviour, upon reaching which the area of deviations begins. Sexual harassment is one of such problems emerged at the end of the 20th century. Many foreign countries faced with this social phenomenon have recognized the criminality of sexual harassment in continuation of the chosen political trend towards liberalization of sexual relations. Similar trends are also observed in Russian society. They are practiced both at the level of discussions within the doctrinal environment and at the legislative level. Concerned about the seriousness of the problem and armed with the results of sociological research, Russian forensic scientists are engaged in developing a concept for the criminalization of harassment. The purpose of this work is to study the criminological grounds for recognizing the wrongfulness of sexual harassment and to consider the current criminal law powers against harassment in order to confirm the need to criminalize this phenomenon or to deny it. To achieve this purpose, the opinions of domestic and foreign researchers were studied, a rather-legal analysis of the domestic policy tendencies in Russia and foreign states regarding the liberalization of sexual relations was carried out. The conditions of the modern Russian legislation in combating sexual harassment were studied. Applied are such general scientific research methods as analysis, synthesis, generalization, as well as such specific scientific methods as statistical method, content analysis, formal logical method, and rather-legal method. As a result, the authors come to the conclusion that there is a recognized unlawfulness of sexual harassment in the norms of the current Russian legislation and that it is inexpedient to criminalize this phenomenon as an independent crime in view of the sufficiency of powers available within the framework of the modern criminal law.
Training of judiciaries and the effectiveness of the judicial system in Russia
Authors: Dolgopolova Tatyana Anatolyevna , Maiboroda Viktor Aleksandrovich , Maiboroda Elvira Tagirovna , Potapov Yuri Alekseevich , Tarasova Yulia Nikolaevna
Published: May 2021

The article examines the theoretical, legal, social and psychological aspects of the formation of a highly effective judiciary in Russia on the basis of a systematic approach in the preparation and selection of personnel for the judicial system. The authors substantiate the most significant tasks of forming the professional identity of Russian judges based on social and psychological research, practical experience of legal personnel, information educational technologies, and analyze the results of assessing the effectiveness of the Russian judicial system according to European standards. When writing the article, general scientific and special research methods were used: structural and functional analysis, comparative legal and analytical methods. The research carried out by the authors made it possible to obtain the following results: to form a comprehensive idea of the identity of a judge based on the concepts of self-esteem, behavior control, communication characteristics and social abilities. It is possible to use these results in the academic process of educational institutions of secondary vocational education and higher education, in the selection of personnel and social and psychological support for the activities of judges and employees of the judicial apparatus. The importance of such studies is associated with the high social significance of this type of activity, its impact on the level of social trust in law and legality.
Investigator’s covert-nature procedural activities
Authors: Kolosovich Marina Sergeevna , Popova Lyudmila Vladimirovna , Zotova Anna Fedorovna , Bondar Maria Mikhailovna , Shamshina Olga Sergeevna
Published: May 2021

Over the years, most of the Russian processualists denied the investigator’s right to engage in actions of covert nature and deemed it impossible to integrate the norms of criminal intelligence legislation in the Code of Criminal Procedure of the Russian Federation adopted on 18.12.2001 No. 174-FZ, rightly referring to the impossibility to vest a single duty-bearer engaged in a preliminary investigation with unprecedented powers. Meanwhile, the latest decades have been marked by active legislative activity in many countries, which in fact has turned covert criminal intelligence and surveillance into a procedural activity. These innovations became specific of a number of countries regardless of their legal system belonging to the Romano-Germanic or Anglo-Saxon legal system, testifying to more profound roots of the problem. The study is also relevant in terms of dissatisfaction, expressed by the Russian law-enforcement authorities, with the crime solvency rate and with the interaction of criminal intelligence detectives and internal affairs investigators. The goal of the study is to identify the procedural provisions governing the investigator’s covert-nature activities and related law enforcement problems. The methodological framework of the research comprises general and particular methods of scientific knowledge: dialectical, systemic, deductive, inductive; synthesis, analysis; comparative legal analysis, statistical and other methods. Results and novelty: it was concluded that the Code of Criminal Procedure provides for the regulation of the investigator’s confidential-nature activities inherent in covert criminal intelligence and surveillance and requiring more detailed elaboration, as concerns the issues of securing the rights of partakers of the said activity; the authors express doubt regarding the justification of the legislator’s differentiation of covert activities under criminal cases into covert investigative actions (Art. 185, 186, 186.1 of the Code of Criminal Procedure) and covert operational and investigative operations that are in fact identical to the former (Art. 6, Cl. 9-11 of the Russian Federation Federal Law No. 144-FZ as of 12.08.1995 “On criminal intelligence and surveillance”.
Potential for confliction in COVID-induced discourse in terms of training staff for law enforcement agencies
Authors: Ovchinnikova Lada Olegovna
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this article is to construct a worldview model for a group of individuals prone to conflictive speech behaviour. This model can help law enforcement officers, including those still in training, to build an optimal communication strategy, even in unfavourable conditions. The material of the study is based on the comments in social media in respect of regional news items (TASS and Vesti-Kaliningrad press agencies). The relevant effective information engendered verbal reactions that proved to be most demonstrative for consideration and modelling. The article considers such aspects as various cognitive distortions inherent in individuals of a social medium at periods of maximum uncertainty; destructive speech strategies, manipulative strategies and manifestations of hostile rhetoric. A number of elements of the conspiratorial worldview, representing a constitutive role within the discourse in question, were considered and described.
Using Modern Educational Technologies in a Law School (Based on Regional Experience)
Authors: Cherevko Marina Aleksandrovna , Makuha Nina Aleksandrovna , Vershinina Tatyana Sergeevna , Akhmetshina Yuliana Vladimirovna , Yukhnova Vera Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2021

This article illustrates the regional experience of using modern educational technologies in the Far East branch of the Russian State University of Justice. Presented is the practice of using real-life practical situations within case-methods included in the educational process and aimed at the formation of students’ practical skills by means of achieving personal success. This article considers the role and influence of the business games method on the formation of personal and professional competence in students applying for Legal Studies and studying History of State and Law and Foreign Language courses. Designing a modern lecture in accordance with Kolb’s Learning Cycle is presented in terms of increasing its efficiency means shifting the emphasis in the lecture material structuring and transitioning to a new format from memorization to acquiring lecture material.
Systems of social networks of delinquent young people
Authors: Zlokazov Kirill Vitalyevich , Gurieva Svetlana Dzakhotovna , Kawabata Takeyasu
Published: May 2021

Social networks are considered an ontological attribute of the existence of a modern person. The modern ideas describe an important role of the system of social networks in socialization and adaptation of a person, motivation to the social activity, assistance and support in difficult life situations. The studies of criminals’ social networks show their significance in motivation to crime, formation of criminal ideology. Besides, it is proved that the quality of social networks impacts the prevention and suppression of crimes among teenagers and young people. However, the attitudes of young people towards the social environment and their relationship to it are still not properly studied. Understanding it will allow explaining the impact of the social environment on the criminalization and social rehabilitation of young people. Objective of the research: to study the parameters of social networks of delinquent young people including the comparison with the similar parameters of law-abiding young people. Methods. The data collection method is a questionnaire that describes the parameters of social networks, i.e. volume, stability, homogeneity, subordination, and referentiality. The method of results processing is descriptive statistics and also a non-parametric analogue of the one-way ANOVA test (Kruskal-Wallis test). The research sample was made up of 220 people of 18-27 years old, 73.5% of respondents were men; among the participants in the research, 115 people have been convicted of committing a crime, 105 people are law-abiding and do not have any criminal record. Results and novelty: New data were obtained about the specific character of social networks of delinquent young people with regard to the small volume of relations, homogeneity of participants, low refenetiality of the social environment; the perspectives of the study of the social networks in the conditions of the social regulation of interaction were determined taking into account the sex and social and cultural specific character.
Transformation of the principles of international private law in the digital age
Authors: Aleksandrina Mariia
Published: May 2021

The article focuses on the problem of transformation of the content of the principles of international private law in the context of digital development of the state, society and economy. The implementation and transformation of the principles of international private law in relation to the main types of cross-border public relations related to digital technologies are studied. It is established that in the context of the development of digital technologies, the most obvious transformation of the principles can be traced precisely in the process of concluding and executing smart contracts. A smart contract does not fit into the traditional criteria for determining either a civil contract or a foreign economic transaction. There is no uniform legal understanding of this phenomenon. It is noted that the content of the norms regulating modern cross-border private law relations related to the use of digital technologies should be built (along with other industry categories) on the basis of the principles of international private law, which, in turn, are transformed in connection with the needs of modern development of digital technologies and correspond to them.
Peculiarities of development of digital financial ecosystem
Authors: Almosov Aleksandr , Bondareva Svetlana , Darelina Oksana , Potomova Sofya , Timacheva Elena
Published: May 2021

The development of information society based on creating digital information channels fosters the expansion of virtual interaction of the participants of social relations. It gives rise to technological transformation of financial infrastructure and fosters related changes in other spheres of economy and social life. This research is aimed at finding out peculiarities of forming and developing digital financial microsystems and determining possible scenarios of the development of the Russian national financial ecosystem. The analysis of the statistical data has shown that developing digital technologies leads to the transformation of financial services consumer behaviour. They move from off-line environment with cash payments to the on-line service with non-cash settlements predominance and distant interaction. The trust in fintech-companies and digital financial services is constantly increasing. The caried-out analysis has shown that digitalization of financial sector increases its financial accessibility and fosters poverty reduction (Wang, Yang, Chiu & Lin, 2020) and provides economic growth (Siddik & Kabiraj, 2020). It forms the basis for the transformation of financial architecture and the expansion of digital financial ecosystems in Russia. On the basis of world experience as well as Russian practice, the authors determined the elements and principles of digital financial ecosystem development, identified types of forming and levels of ecosystems functioning.The authors considered two variants of forming the national digital financial ecosystem that differ in the form of interaction of state and private ecosystems functioning. The authors considered two variants of forming the national digital financial ecosystem that differ in the form of interaction of state and private ecosystems. The obtained conclusions are important for making project decisions by the authorities, financial organizations and technological companies.
Digital society, artificial intelligence and modern civil law: challenges and perspectives
Authors: Kamyshanskiy Vladimir , Stepanov Dmitry , Mukhina Irina , Kripakova Dina
Published: May 2021

The article analyses the problems of civil law regulation of relations arising in the digital society. The property relations, the civil turnover sphere is increasingly shifting to various kinds of electronic platforms. The process was further accelerated by the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The development and application of artificial intelligence technologies bring forward the problem of ensuring safety for humans from the negative impact of such technologies, minimizing threats to their life and health. Due to the virtuality of artificial intelligence as a social phenomenon, a product, a good created by man, the application of traditional legal means to regulate social relations connected with the application of artificial intelligence technologies at present does not provide a full solution to a number of uncertainties arising on the market of goods, works and services. To this end, it is proposed to form a new legal fiction in civil law at the level of scientific doctrine to resolve legal uncertainties arising in civil turnover due to the use of artificial intelligence technologies. It is about formalizing artificial intelligence technology as a subject of law as an “electronic person” or “electronic legal entity” bringing together several legal entities with a special legal personality.
The application of digital technologies in the conditional agreements
Authors: Mitrofanova Irina
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to the study of some theoretical and practical problems of concluding a conditional agreement in the form of a smart contract. The article defines and characterizes a conditional agreement and describes its differences from ordinary transactions. The author analyzes the possibility of expressing conditional agreements in the form of a smart contract, taking into account the features of setting program code, as well as features of the agreement (a condition that the special nature of the rights and obligations of the parties activity). As a result of the research, it was concluded that the conditional transaction structure is ideally suited to the elementary program code for creating a smart contract. However, the condition contained in the transaction must be strictly formalized and expressed in clear values, such as numbers. The main problems that arise when creating a smart contract are also identified: the complexity of getting data from the real world by the system, weak state control, and possible data leakage from the system. Thus, the use of digital technologies is a prospective direction for the development of conditional agreements, but this requires solving both legal and some technical problems.
Current issues of digital legal education in the context of the Сovid-19 pandemic
Authors: Ryzhenkov Anatoliy , Inzhieva Buinta
Published: May 2021

The main areas of digitalization of higher education, including legal one, have been actively discussed by representatives of authorities and the educational community over the past few years. The COVID-19 pandemic summed up these discussions in a certain way, making teachers and students shift to the practice of introducing digital technologies into the educational process without proper preparation and prior training for them. The article discusses the problems of digitalization of the higher education system of the Russian Federation faced by law faculties after the beginning of the pandemic in the spring of 2020. The authors state the positive results of the transition to digital technologies as well as the existing problems, many of which are of a systemic nature and are still to be resolved. At the same time, they point out that the requirements for the competencies of law graduates change in the context of the mass digitalization of all sectors of social life. Along with the knowledge, abilities and skills that are commonly recognized for lawyers, they must have the competencies to interact with authorities that have also shifted to a digital mode for communication with citizens and legal entities.
Civil law aspects of territorial public self-government activity during the economy’s digitalization
Authors: Sharonov Sergei , Korovin Nikolai
Published: May 2021

The article deals with civil law aspects of territorial public self-government (hereinafter - TPSG) in terms of economy’s digitization. The authors show the private law specificity of territorial public self-government, give the classification and characterize civil aspects of activity of bodies of territorial public self-government. The problems of the work of the structures of territorial public self-government in the indicated conditions are identified and the amendments to regulatory legal acts are suggested that contribute to the solution of the mentioned problems.
Unerwünschte Arzneimittelwirkungen am Harntrakt – der Wittener Harntrakt-Nebenwirkungs-Score
Authors: Wiedemann Andreas , Dündar Vedat , Heese Melanie , Leufgens Thomas , Wirz Stefan , Brauckmann Robin , Heppner Hans-Jürgen
Published: May 2021

Obwohl der Harntrakt mit Restharnbildung, Harnverhaltung, Pollakisurie, Polyurie, Nykturie, Detrusorstimulation, Detrusorhemmung, Hämaturie, Dysurie und anderen Erscheinungen häufig den Schauplatz unerwünschter Arzneimittelwirkungen darstellt, fehlt es an einer Gesamtübersicht an Substanzen, die eine solche Harntraktnebenwirkung auslösen können und eine entsprechende Bewertung. Vorhandene Listen „potenziell inadäquater Medikation“ fokussieren entweder auf eine pharmakologische Gruppe von Nebenwirkungen („anticholinergic burden score“), eine Gruppe von Medikamenten bestimmter Indikation (LUTS-Forta) oder auf eine selektionierte Gruppe von Patienten (PRISKUS-Liste, beers-Liste).

Mit dem folgenden interdisziplinären Projekt aus der Arbeitsgruppe Uro-Geriatrie der Universität Witten/Herdecke sollte diese Lücke geschlossen werden. Es erfolgte eine Identifikation von Substanzen, die eine Harntraktnebenwirkung lt. diverser Datenbanken prinzipiell auslösen können, eine Kategorisierung der hierzu vorhandenen Literatur (Kasuistik, Fallsammlung, RCT, Metaanalyse) und eine strukturierte Bewertung des Risikos durch 33 Experten. Das Ergebnis stellt eine Liste von 235 Substanzen dar, die zu verschiedenen Harntraktnebenwirkungen führen können. Diese Liste enthält einen die Nennung in Datenbanken bzw. deren Korrelat in der Literatur darstellenden „theroretischen“ Punktwert, einen die klinische Realität abbildenden „praktischen“ Punktwert, der die Expertenbewertung darstellt, und einen Summenscore – geordnet nach der Systematik der „Roten Liste“.

Erstmals wäre damit sowohl bei der Neuverordnung einer Substanz vor dem Hintergrund bestehender patientenseitiger Risiken eine Einschätzung dieses Wirkstoffes im Hinblick auf Harntraktnebenwirkungen möglich; andersherum könnte die Durchsicht des Medikationsplanes bei Vorhandensein einer Harntraktfunktionsstörung die Frage klären, ob diese medikamentös (mit-) verursacht ist. Die Entwicklung des „Harntraktnebenwirkungs-Rechners“ als „App“ ist geplant.
Herausforderungen für die Schwerbehindertenvertretung vor dem
Hintergrund der gesetzlichen Neuerungen durch das
Bundesteilhabegesetz
Authors: Heide Marie Sophia , Niehaus Mathilde
Published: May 2021

Ziel der Studie Die Schwerbehindertenvertretung hat eine
Schlüsselrolle bei der Verwirklichung behinderungsgerechter und
inklusiver Arbeitsbedingungen. Durch das Bundesteilhabegesetz wurde dem Rechnung
getragen und die Rechte der Schwerbehindertenvertretung wurden ausgebaut. Ziel
der vorliegenden explorativen Analyse ist es, die veränderte
Rechtsstellung aus Perspektive der Schwerbehindertenvertretung zu beleuchten und
Herausforderungen in der praktischen Anwendung der gesetzlichen Neuerungen sowie
nicht berücksichtigte Bedarfe aufzudecken. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass
Forschung zur Implementation und Evaluation der Sozialgesetzgebung Kernelemente
der Rehabilitationsforschung sind, soll eine Lücke zwischen der
rechtlichen Implementation und der praktischen Anwendung geschlossen und der
Prozess einer lernenden Gesetzgebung vorangebracht werden.

Methodik Deutschlandweit wurden 1552 Schwerbehindertenvertretungen
schriftlich mittels Online-Survey befragt. Für die vorliegende Analyse
wurden vorrangig die Antworten zu Herausforderungen für die
Schwerbehindertenvertretung mit Hilfe der inhaltlich strukturierenden
qualitativen Inhaltsanalyse nach Kuckartz ausgewertet und anhand der
gesetzlichen Änderungen durch das Bundesteilhabegesetz analysiert.

Ergebnisse Das Bundesteilhabegesetz wird aus Sicht der
Schwerbehindertenvertretungen kritisch gewürdigt. Die Umfragedaten
verdeutlichen, dass die Schwerbehindertenvertretungen die gesetzlichen
Änderungen in Teilen als nicht umfassend genug bewerten. Einzelne
Regelungen, wie die Heranziehung von Stellvertretern und -vertreterinnen und die
Absenkung der Freistellungsgrenze, sind nicht weitreichend genug und betreffen
nur die Teilgruppe der Vertretungen in großen Betrieben. Bei anderen
Rechten wie dem Informations- und Anhörungsrecht fehlen
Sanktionsmöglichkeiten bei Nicht-Anwendung der Gesetze durch den
Arbeitgeber. Die Einführung der Unwirksamkeitsklausel in Bezug auf
Kündigungen wird als nicht ausreichend bewertet.

Schlussfolgerung Zwar werden die Rechte der Schwerbehindertenvertretung
durch das Bundesteilhabegesetz ausgebaut, doch gibt es noch Herausforderungen
bei der Umsetzung, der Präzisierung und der Verbindlichkeit der
einzelnen Neuerungen, die es im Sinne einer lernenden Gesetzgebung zu beachten
und weiter zu diskutieren gilt. Auf Grundlage der vorliegenden Ergebnisse bedarf
es eines weiteren Einbezugs der Schwerbehindertenvertretungen, um
Ansätze zur zielgerichteten Optimierung in der Anwendung sowie der
Ausgestaltung der gesetzlichen Neuerungen ableiten zu können.
Messinstrumente zur peripartalen Diagnostik von Depression, Angst und
Stress (Teil 1 einer Serie zur psychologischen Diagnostik im
Peripartalzeitraum)
Authors: Weigl Tobias , Garthus-Niegel Susan
Published: May 2021

Während der Schwangerschaft und nach der Geburt kann es bei Frauen und
Männern zu psychischen Beschwerden kommen. Am häufigsten finden
sich Ängste in Bezug auf die Schwangerschaft und die Geburt sowie
prä- und postpartal erhöhte Depressionswerte. Bei Populationen
mit besonderen Belastungen, wie den Eltern von Frühgeborenen, ist
darüber hinaus von einer stark erhöhten Stressbelastung
auszugehen. Zur standardisierten sowie zeitökonomischen Erfassung der
genannten Beschwerden sind geeignete Fragebögen nötig.
Allerdings liegen nur wenige für den deutschen Sprachraum validierte
Instrumente vor, die in Forschung und Klinik zudem nur wenig bekannt sind. Eine
Ausnahme stellt hier die Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale dar. Weiterhin
werden Männer zumeist nicht explizit in Fragebögen
berücksichtigt. Zur Vorbeugung sowie Behandlung psychischer Beschwerden
im Peripartalzeitraum stellen geeignete Screening-Instrumente eine wichtige
Voraussetzung dar. Auf dieser Grundlage können bei den Betroffenen akute
Belastungen abgemildert und chronische Verläufe mit Folgen für
das Kind oder die Paarbeziehung verhindert werden. Hierfür scheint
zukünftig eine Vereinheitlichung hinsichtlich der verwendeten
Instrumente nötig.
Messinstrumente zur Erfassung von Geburtserwartungen und des Geburtserlebens (Teil 2 einer Serie zur psychologischen Diagnostik im Peripartalzeitraum)
Authors: Weigl Tobias , Garthus-Niegel Susan
Published: May 2021

Der Geburtsvorgang ist ein tiefgreifendes Erlebnis und geht zumeist mit starken Schmerzen einher. Neben medizinischen Komplikationen können aber auch subjektive Faktoren das Geburtserleben beeinflussen. Dazu zählen unter anderem bisherige Erfahrungen mit Schwangerschaft und Geburt, frühere traumatische Erlebnisse und Geburtserwartungen. Verschiedene Fragebögen ermöglichen derzeit eine standardisierte Erfassung der Geburtserwartungen und des Geburtserlebens. Allerdings steht in deutscher Sprache bisher kein Fragebogen zur Verfügung, der sich an den diagnostischen Symptomen der geburtsbezogenen posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung orientiert. Darüber hinaus wurden die bestehenden Instrumente für Frauen entwickelt und das subjektive Geburtserleben von Männern wurde nur wenig untersucht. Fragebögen scheinen allerdings gut geeignet, das Geburtserleben von sowohl Müttern als auch Vätern zu erheben. So könnten Unterstützungsangebote ausgebaut werden, da mitunter auch bei medizinisch unkomplizierten Geburten von den Eltern ein negatives Geburtserlebnis geschildert wird. Neben dem Ziel den Eltern ein positives Geburtserlebnis zu ermöglichen, spielt auch die Verhinderung der Entwicklung einer subklinischen oder gar einer ausgeprägten posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung nach der Geburt eine wesentliche Rolle.
Serum Melatonin as a Biomarker for Assessment of Late-term and Postterm Pregnancies in Women without Spontaneous Onset of Labor
Authors: Yurtcu Nazan , Çalışkan Canan , Çelik Samettin
Published: May 2021

We conducted a prospective study to assess serum melatonin as a biomarker to predict the development of late-term and postterm pregnancies and spontaneous beginning of labor in women with term pregnancies. Population of this prospective study included pregnant women with late-term and postterm pregnancies and term pregnancies as controls. In these study groups, serum melatonin concentrations were measured in women with or without labor and their perinatal data were collected. In the postterm pregnancies without labor, the lowest median melatonin concentrations were measured (p<0.05). In the late-term and postterm pregnancies with and without labor, the median serum melatonin concentrations were significantly lower than term ones (p<0.05). In the term pregnancies with labor, the highest median melatonin concentration was measured (p<0.05). A serum melatonin concentration≤34 pg/mL as a cut-off value determines late-term and postterm pregnancy with a sensitivity of 80.4% and a specificity of 81.4%. A serum melatonin concentration>29.35 pg/mL as a cut-off value determines presence of labor with a sensitivity of 82.1% and a specificity of 55.0%. In women with term pregnancies, with the measurement of serum melatonin, it is possible to predict the development of late-term and postterm pregnancies and whether these pregnancies undergo spontaneous labor. With further studies, these findings need to be supported before their routine clinical use.
Erweiterte medizinische Eingangsuntersuchungen als sinnvolle Instrumentarien zur Verletzungsprävention im Hochleistungssport am Beispiel eines Basketball-Bundesligisten
Authors: Fehske Kai , Lukas Christoph , Bischoff Andreas , Krutsch Werner , Hoos Olaf , Latzel Richard
Published: May 2021

Hintergrund Eingangsuntersuchungen sind wichtig, um Aussagen über die Gesundheit treffen zu können. Diese Untersuchungen beinhalten etablierte internistisch-kardiologische Testverfahren sowie eine orthopädische Beurteilung des Bewegungsapparats. In den großen Mannschaftsportarten ist die Lizensierung der Spieler eng an die medizinischen Eingangsuntersuchungen geknüpft. Die vorgeschriebenen Eingangsuntersuchungen bilden jedoch lediglich den aktuellen Gesundheitszustand ab und lassen nur indirekte Aussagen über die Funktions- und Leistungsfähigkeit des Athleten zu. Somit wurde in den letzten Jahren versucht, diese Lücke durch eine Erweiterung in Richtung sportartspezifische Leistungsdiagnostik zu schließen. Sollte sich der Athlet verletzen, können die erhobenen Baseline-Werte als Maßstab genutzt werden, um das Monitoring des Sportlers im Rehabilitationsprozess zu unterstützen und einen sicheren Übergang zurück zum Wettkampf zu begleiten. Dies ist ein entscheidender Vorteil in der Return-to-Play-Diagnostik.

Material und Methoden Aufgrund der Annahme, dass nur ein gesunder Spieler seine volle Leistungsfähigkeit abrufen kann, wurde von der Saison 2012/2013 für 5 aufeinanderfolgende Spielzeiten im Rahmen der medizinischen Eingangsuntersuchungen zusätzlich die Basketball-spezifische, konditionelle Leistungsfähigkeit der Spieler eines Basketball-Bundesligisten überprüft. Diese Werte wurden prospektiv mit den stattgehabten Verletzungen korreliert.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden 71 Spieler in jeweils 5 verschiedenen Kategorien (u. a. Sprungkraft, Agilität, Sprintfähigkeit) getestet. Im Untersuchungszeitraum ereigneten sich 142 Verletzungen, die im Mittel zu einer Ausfallzeit von 23 Tagen (Range 1–347 Tage) führten. Die Verletzungen betrafen zumeist die untere Extremität, wobei Sprunggelenk, Oberschenkel und Kniegelenk am häufigsten betroffen waren. Es zeigte sich ein deutlicher Trend dahingehend, dass Spieler mit einer schwächer ausgeprägten Richtungsänderungsschnelligkeit häufiger Verletzungen erlitten (r = 0,34; p = 0,029) und Spieler, die im YoYo-Test signifikant schlechter abschnitten, häufiger von Oberschenkelverletzungen betroffen waren (r = 0,266; p = 0,012).

Schlussfolgerung Als Instrument zur Prävention sind medizinische Eingangsuntersuchungen nicht nur im Profisport essenziell, um Sportverletzungen oder Sportschäden aufzeigen bzw. ausschließen zu können. Die Erweiterung in Richtung sportartspezifische Leistungsdiagnostik liefert Informationen über Defizite bezogen auf Agilität und Ausdauer, die die Entstehung einer Verletzung begünstigen können. Darüber hinaus bieten die Untersuchungen auch die Möglichkeit, die erhobenen Werte als Baseline zu nutzen, die im Falle einer Verletzung den Fortschritt der Rehabilitation objektiv erfassbar machen und eine sichere Rückkehr zum Wettkampf ermöglichen.
Alternatives for Vitamin K Antagonists as Thromboprophylaxis for Mechanical Heart Valves and Mechanical Circulatory Support Devices: A Systematic Review
Authors: Liesdek Omayra C.D. , Urbanus Rolf T. , de Heer Linda M. , Fischer Kathelijn , Suyker Willem J.L. , Schutgens Roger E.G.
Published: May 2021

The holy grail of anticoagulation in patients with intracardiac devices, such as mechanical heart valves (MHVs) and left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), comprises safe prevention of thrombosis without interrupting normal hemostasis. Device-induced thrombosis and anticoagulant-related bleeding problems are dreaded complications that may cause a significantly reduced quality of life and increased morbidity and mortality. Vitamin K antagonists are the current standard for oral anticoagulation therapy in patients with MHVs and LVADs. Even within the therapeutic range, hemorrhage is the primary complication of these drugs, which emphasizes the need for safer anticoagulants for the prevention of device-induced thrombosis. Device-induced thrombosis is a complex multifactorial phenomenon that likely requires anticoagulant therapy targeting multiple pathways. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical data describing the efficacy of a variety of anticoagulants as thromboprophylaxis after implantation of intracardiac devices.
Study of Short Latency Somatosensory and Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke Involving Middle Cerebral Artery Territory
Authors: Miryala Abhishek , Javali Mahendra , Mehta Anish , Pradeep R. , Acharya Purushottam , Srinivasa Rangasetty
Published: May 2021

Background The precise timings of evoked potentials in evaluating the functional outcome of stroke have remained indistinct. Few studies in the Indian context have studied the outcome of early prognosis of stroke utilizing evoked potentials.

Objective The aim of this study was to determine somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEPs) and brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEPs), their timing and abnormalities in acute ischemic stroke involving the middle cerebral artery (MCA) territory and to correlate SSEP and BAEP with the functional outcome (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), modified Rankin scale (mRS) and Barthel’s index) at 3 months.

Methods MCA territory involved acute ischemic stroke patients (n = 30) presenting consecutively to the hospital within 3 days of symptoms onset were included. Details about clinical symptoms, neurological examination, treatment, NIHSS score, mRS scores were collected at the time of admission. All patients underwent imaging of the brain and were subjected to SSEP and BAEP on two occasions, first at 1 to 3 days and second at 4 to 7 days from the onset of stroke. At 3 months of follow-up, NIHSS, mRS, and Barthel’s index were recorded.

Results P37 and N20 amplitude had a strong negative correlation (at 1–3 and 4–7 days) with NIHSS at admission, NIHSS at 3 months, mRS at admission, and mRS at 3 months and a significant positive correlation with Barthel’s index (p < 0.0001). BAEP wave V had a negative correlation (at 1–3 and 4–7 days) with NIHSS at admission, NIHSS at 3 months, mRS at admission, and mRS at 3 months and a positive correlation with Barthel’s index (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion SSEP abnormalities recorded on days 4 to 7 from onset of stroke are more significant than those recorded within 1 to 3 days of onset of stroke; hence, the timing of 4 to 7 days after stroke onset can be considered as better for predicting functional outcome.
Stress, Burnout, and Coping among First-Year Medical Undergraduates
Authors: Nebhinani Naresh , Kuppili Pooja Patnaik , Mamta
Published: May 2021

Background and Objectives Stress, burnout, and coping have been found to be interlinked with each other. Several adverse psychological outcomes have been associated with stress and burnout. Improving coping can decrease the stress and burnout. There is limited literature on perceived stress, coping, and burnout among first-year medical undergraduates from India. With this background, the study aimed to assess perceived stress, coping, and burnout among first-year medical undergraduates.

Methods It was a cross-sectional study assessing 100 undergraduates studying in the first year of medical school. Medical Students Stressor Questionnaire, Brief COPE questionnaire, and Maslach burnout inventory–student survey were applied for assessment of perceived stress, burnout, and coping, respectively. Socio-demographic profile was assessed by a semi-structured proforma.

Results Majority of students reported facing moderate level of stress in most of the domains, with stress being the highest for the academic aspects and least for social-related and drive- and desire-related areas. The stress was significantly greater in female students. Burnout was identified in 62% students by two-dimensional criteria and 30% by three-dimensional criteria. Among the coping strategies, active coping was most commonly used and substance use was less commonly used. No differences were found in coping between males and females except for active coping, which was significantly better in females.

Conclusion The stress was of moderate degree in majority of students and academic stress was the most common stress. Burnout was present in at least one-third of the students. However, majority of the students practiced active coping.
Mosaic Pattern of H3 K27M-Mutant Protein Expression in a Diffuse Midline Glioma—A Diagnostic Dilemma for the Pathologist
Authors: Narasimhaiah Deepti , Thomas Bejoy , Abraham Mathew , Poyuran Rajalakshmi
Published: May 2021

Diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27M-mutant, is a World Health Organization (WHO) grade IV glioma arising in pons, thalamus, and spinal cord. They show mutations resulting in replacement of lysine at position 27 by methionine (K27M) of histone genes, H3F3A, HIST1H3B, and HIST1H3C. The H3 K27M mutant protein is identified in tumor tissue by immunohistochemistry. As these mutations are clonal and homogeneous, the mutant protein is normally identified in all tumor cells. Here we report a case of diffuse midline glioma with mosaic pattern of expression of H3 K27M mutant protein and discuss the diagnostic and therapeutic implications of this unusual pattern.
Morphological Assessment of TMJ Spaces, Mandibular Condyle, and Glenoid Fossa Using Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT): A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Ahmed Junaid , Sujir Nanditha , Shenoy Nandita , Binnal Almas , Ongole Ravikiran ,   Nithin
Published: May 2021

Background The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is included in the category of ginglymoarthrodial synovial joints. The mandibular condyle plays a vital part in the development of the craniofacial complex. Hence, the evaluation and assessment of the condylar volume and its morphology are of utmost importance.

Aim The aim of this research was to use cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging modality to evaluate the morphology of the mandibular condyle and glenoid fossa in a selected population and document any morphometric changes.

Setting and Design It is an observational study.

Materials and Methods A retrospective CBCT analysis was performed on 119 patients. The length, width, height, linear measurements of the joint spaces (anterior, posterior, and superior), volume of the condyle, and roof of glenoid fossa thickness were evaluated on both the left and right sides in both males and females.

Results The height, width, and length of mandibular condyle were significantly increased in males on both sides. Except for the left anterior space, all other spaces were significantly larger in males. Overall, the volume of the condyles in males was significantly increased on both sides.

Conclusion CBCT can be a valuable diagnostic aid in the evaluation of various dimensions, joint spaces, and condylar volume in different planes and thus, can be a useful predictor in the assessment of treatment outcomes of disorders affecting the TMJ.