bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Life-Cycle Assessment of Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Life-Cycle Costs of E-Waste Management in Thailand
Authors: Mangmeechai Aweewan
Published: October 2021

There is no clear direction in the management of electrical and electronic waste products (e-waste), as there are no regulations on ways to do so. This research attempts to understand the trade-off between economic value and environmental effects of the current disposal of e-waste to find ways to optimize waste management, focusing on cellphones, television CRTs, desktop computers, and air conditioners. A Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool that can analyze various influences, e.g., environmental, costs, and value added. Under the e-waste management status quo, most household e-wastes are kept in houses because owners do not know where to discard them. In addition, informal sectors, such as domestic farmers or workers, have been involved actively for more than a decade, leading to poor management standards for both health and the environment. The logistics are inefficient because the dismantling communities and recycling industry are far apart. Most e-waste is generated, and most recycling industries are located, in the Central region (the richest areas), while the dismantling communities are located in the Northeastern region (the poorest areas). Further, LCA and LCC of e-waste are sensitive to transportation, and not all e-waste parts can be recycled within the country. High-tech mineral extraction cannot be practiced in the country, and thus, circuit boards and batteries are exported for recycling. To promote a circular economy, e-waste management regulations should be implemented and a full recycling industry should be established in the country.
Descriptions of Chestnut Cultivars for Nut Production in the Eastern and Midwestern United States
Authors: Revord Ronald S. , Nave J. Michael , Revord Ronald S. , Nave J. Michael , Miller Gregory , Meier Nicholas , Webber J. Bryan , Gold Michael A. , Wahl Tom
Published: October 2021

The Chinese chestnut (Castanea mollissima Blume) and other Castanea species (Castanea spp. Mill.) have been imported and circulated among growers and scientists in the United States for more than a century. Initially, importations of C. mollissima after 1914 were motivated by efforts to restore the American chestnut [Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.], with interests in timber-type characters and chestnut blight resistance. Chestnut for orchard nut production spun off from these early works. Starting in the early 20th century, open-pollinated seeds from seedlings of Chinese chestnut and other Castanea species were distributed widely to interested growers throughout much of the eastern United States to plant and evaluate. Germplasm curation and sharing increased quite robustly through grower networks over the 20th century and continues today. More than 100 cultivars have been named in the United States, although a smaller subset remains relevant for commercial production and breeding. The University of Missouri Center for Agroforestry curates and maintains a repository of more than 60 cultivars, and open-pollinated seed from this collection has been provided to growers since 2008. Currently, more than 1000 farms cultivate seedlings or grafted trees of the cultivars in this collection, and interest in participatory on-farm research is high. Here, we report descriptions of 57 of the collection’s cultivars as a comprehensive, readily accessible resource to support continued participatory research.
Reviewing Mini-lysimeter Controlled Irrigation in Container Crop Systems
Authors: McCauley Dalyn , Levin Alexander , Nackley Lloyd
Published: October 2021

This study reviews how mini-lysimeters have been used effectively to optimize irrigation control in container horticulture production. Lysimeters are devices that measure evapotranspiration (ET) from the water balance of a fixed soil volume. The primary components of lysimeter-controlled irrigation are load cell sensors, a multiplexer, a data logger, a controller, and solenoid valves. The two common mini-lysimeter systems are platform lysimeters and suspension lysimeters. In these systems, a bending-beam single-point load cell is fastened between two plates, and a container is placed directly on the top platform. Platform lysimeters are commonly used for smaller pot sizes, and suspension lysimeters have been used for large shade trees up to 2.8 m tall and weighing 225 kg. Mini-lysimeters have been used for decades to calibrate ET models and create on-demand irrigation control programs that replenish plant daily water use or maintain deficit conditions. Research has demonstrated that lysimeter-based irrigation can respond more effectively to seasonal and diurnal variations in water demand, increasing irrigation cycles when evaporative demand is high, and decreasing irrigation cycles when demand is low. A strength of these systems is that for containerized plants, such as nursery production systems, mini-lysimeters capture whole-plant water use, which presents a more holistic measure compared with soil moisture sensors or leaf moisture sensors.
CITRA PEREMPUAN DALAM CERPEN KAMBOJA DI ATAS NISAN KARYA HERMAN RN: KAJIAN KRITIK SASTRA FEMINIS
Authors: Panae Afnanee , Noor Redyanto , Islahuddin Islahuddin
Published: October 2021

This study aimed to describe texts that discussing about the image of women in the short story Kamboja di Atas Nisan karya Herman R.N by using a feminist literary criticism approach. The data of study are texts of the short story Kamboja di Atas Nisan karya Herman R.N. The data are collected through reading and noting. They are analysed by using the qualitative descriptive technique with reference to feminist literary criticism. The results of research shows that the image of women in the short story Kamboja di Atas Nisan are: 1) women's rights in education; 2) the struggle of a mother; 3) the struggle of Kamboja; and 4) the task of a woman in the view of men. In addition, the results of the study indicates that the image of women found in the short story Kamboja di Atas Nisan was in line with the view of feminist literary criticism aimed to obtain a just and equal position and role between women and men in society.
PEMANFAATAN VARIASI TEKNOLOGI GUNA MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR DALAM PEMBELAJARAN DARING BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Sembiring Rehulina Juniarti BR.
Published: October 2021

Learning with the current pandemic condition is a new condition for many educators. The limitations of online learning are of course a problem. As a result, there is less motivation to learn. Increased motivation to learn becomes a bigger portion of learning. This paper is a literature review that aims to describe and at the same time explain the importance of using various technologies in Indonesian language learning in order to increase students' learning motivation. The use of various technologies such as padlet, quizizz, mentimeter, and so on can be a solution in increasing student motivation.
The main factors of marmalade molecular structure formation
Authors: Kondratev N. B. , Osipov M. V. , Rudenko O. S. , Kazantsev E. V. , Kalinkina E. S.
Published: October 2021

The pressing challenge of ensuring long shelf life for confectionery product without changing their flavor is considered. The patterns were revealed for the influence of the chemical composition of raw materials on the jelly marmalade structure. The influence of glucose syrup and gelling agent contents on the physicochemical and rheological properties of jelly marmalade was investigated. An increase in the mass fraction of glucose syrup from 5% to 25% leads to an increase in the elastic and plastic properties of jelly marmalade. The ratio of the main ingredients forms the molecular structure of jelly marmalade and thereby affects the dependence of moisture content on the water activity. The correlation between the water activity and the hardness of jelly marmalade has been established. The highest hardness and water activity were observed in products containing 15% glucose syrup, which determines the highest moisture transfer rate for such products. The use of modified starch allows controlling the moisture losses during marmalade storage. Formulation adjustment and moisture content decrease in the marmalade significantly reduce the risk of undesirable sensory changes on the surface of the marmalade during its storage. Various types of modified starch may control the shelf life of jelly fruit marmalade. An increase in reducing substances concentration during the storage of jelly-like confectionery products contributes to their moistening. On the other hand, a decrease in reducing substances concentration leads to granulation in products. It is shown how a change in the main ingredients ratio of jelly marmalade affects the formation of its molecular structure, which determines the free/bound moisture ratio. The obtained results allow controlling the quality and predicting the safety of jelly-like confectionery products.
Desiccation of hemp seeds by high temperature micronization
Authors: Zverev S. V.
Published: October 2021

In several cases, it is necessary to use heat treatment of cereal products to reduce moisture, inactivate some enzymes, increase storability and processing efficiency. One of the methods for heat treatment is high-temperature micronization — heating in a flow of infrared radiation. The method is convenient in the conditions of small and medium-sized enterprises. The aim of the study was to obtain the factual material regarding heating and desiccation of hemp seeds when heating in the flow of infrared radiation and modeling of the heating and desiccation processes. The experimental dependences of a seed temperature and moisture on heating time at different regimes of infrared heat treatment were obtained. Mathematical models were proposed for changes in a seed temperature as a function of time and moisture content depending on a seed temperature and the initial moisture. The desiccation models were based on simplified solutions of the system of differentiated equations of heat and mass transfer obtained by academician V. A. Lykov and his students. Model coefficients were identified by the results of the experiments. Analysis of the obtained coefficients shows that it is possible to use one coefficient in the examined models without a significant loss of the prognostic accuracy. The proposed models describe the experimental data quite well upon constant conditions of infrared heating of hemp seeds (irradiance and temperature in the treatment zone). However, heating conditions significantly affect the time dependence of the relative moisture (W/W0) and temperature increment ΔT(t). At the same time, it follows from the processing results and available experimental data that the character of the dependence W(ΔT) is determined by the initial moisture and is stable (that is, weakly depends on heating conditions).
THE QUIET EYE- ITS ROLE IN SQUASH
Authors: Kishorepuria Krishnav
Published: October 2021

Three areas about the role of vision in hitting a squash ball were investigated- the fixation timings (early or late), the fixation location (ball centre, not the centre of the ball) and the area the ball landed.Intermediate and semi professional squash athletes were asked to wear an eye tracking device and hit a straight drive on either side as close to the sidewall as they could, while someone was repeatedly feeding them the ball. Three succeeding Quiet Eye periods were observed- racket preparation (when the athlete moved his racket in preparation of the shot), racket extension (when the athlete swung his racket to hit the ball) and ball hit (once the athlete hit the shot till it touched the wall).
PRISE EN CHARGE DE LA GANGRENE DE FOURNIER : EXPERIENCE DE L HOPITAL DE SIKASSO
Authors: Traore Salifou , Dembele Ousmane , B. Diallo Aly , Traore Soumaila
Published: October 2021

Contexte :La gangrene de fournier GF est unenecrose fascio-cutanee associee a un syndrome toxi-infectieux et interessant surtout laregion perineo-scrotale. Objectif : Notre objectif etait de proceder en une analyse des aspectsepidemiocliniques et therapeutique de la GF. Materiels Et Methode : Il sagissait dune etuderetrospective realisee dans le service durologie de lhopital de Sikasso entre le 1er janvier 2017 Ã¢Â€Â“30 juin 2019. Resultats :Quinze cas de GF ont ete collectes, totalisant 1,50 % de nos activites.Age moyen : 59,80 Ã‚Â±22,41 (29 -100ans).Cetaient surtout des patients de niveauSocio-economique bas, parmi lesquels 40.0% presentait un facteur de risque reconnu dontle diabete. Deux patients, soit 13.33% ont beneficie de soins intensifs a cause du fait quilsetaient dans un etat de choc hemodynamique. Toutes les hemocultures etaient negatives etles prelevements effectues lors du debridement se sont reveles positif chez 3 patients. Lagrande majorite des patients presentaient une anemie normocytaire avechyperleucocytose. Delai moyen de prise en charge : 5,60Ã‚Â± 3,13(2-11jours). Une derivationurinaire a ete effectuee chez tous les patients soit par sondage uretro-vesicalou parcystostomie. Un seul patient a beneficie dune colostomie. Nous avons enregistre 5 deces, soitun taux de mortalite de 33 .33%. Apres stabilisation des patients, on a procede aun debridement extensif et immediat suivi de pansement quotidien. Duree moyennesejour hospitalier : 23,40 Ã‚Â±22,06 (1-91jours). Conclusion :Seule une detection precoce des signesprecurseurs de la maladie, surtout chez des personnes a risque, pourrait contribuer audiagnostic precoce et a lamelioration du pronostic. Lenfouissement des testicules sous lapeau a labase de la cuisse et lutilisation de greffe de peau fine pourraient donner de tres bon Resultat.
PERCEPTION OF PUBLIC AND ACCEPTANCE OF COVID-19 VACCINATION IN INDIA
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Amity College Of Nursing, Manesar, Haryana, India., Rupam Supreet
Published: October 2021

Corona virus disease is a serious viral disease that continues to afflict many countries around the world. Owing to vaccines are a key strategy to stop the escalation of the COVID-19 pandemic. Vaccine hesitancy is a potential threat to global public health. COVID-19 vaccine is one of the intervention which is most awaited and number of institutions are working on it with the pace. India the vaccine manufacturing center of the world , where 60% to the world wide vaccine supply. Low cost COVID-19 vaccines will give profit for low-income countries which cannot afford costly vaccines.
Assessment of the development of innovation activities in the regions: Case of Ukraine
Authors: Hrytsenko Pavlo , Voronenko Viacheslav , Kovalenko Yevhen , Kurman Tetiana , Omelianenko Vitalii
Published: October 2021

The development of innovation activities is of great importance on the path to achieving the goals of sustainable development. Success on this path is closely related to the presence of comparable information on the development of innovation activities at the regional level. The aim of the paper is to assess the development of innovation activities in the regions of Ukraine and identify differences in results. The study is performed using relative indicators for the assessment of the development of innovation activities in the regions of Ukraine. The indicators were averaged and normalized. To analyze how innovation activities change over time, the dynamic indices based on the geometric mean of the growth rate of the relative indicators were used. The obtained results have significant differences in the regions being assessed. Most regions have a heterogeneous development of innovation activities. At the same time, they are at the top and bottom of the rankings of the regions in different indicators of the development of innovation activities. Only Cherkasy and Zaporizhzhia oblasts are at the top of the rankings in at least 75% of indicators. However, in 2017‒2019, all indicators improved in at least 29% of regions. In addition, 75% of indicators improved in at least 54% of regions. Therefore, over time, most regions progressed in the development of innovation activities. Management decisions for the development of innovation activities should be complex for all regions and implemented primarily in the regions where there is no improvement over time.
AcknowledgmentsThe paper is prepared within the scientific research project “Sustainable development and resource security: from disruptive technologies to digital transformation of Ukrainian economy” (No. 0121U100470).
Arterial hypertension: modern advances in metabolomics
Authors: Zyryanov S. K. , Butranova O. I. , Grishin M. A.
Published: October 2021

Early diagnosis and effective pharmacotherapy of arterial hypertension are urgent problems, a significant contribution to the solution of which can be made by metabolomics. The etiology of hypertension remains unknown for the majority of patients with high blood pressure; the diagnosis for 90% is defined as essential (primary) hypertension. This population is characterized by disturbance of the metabolic pathways of lipids, glucose, biogenic amines and amino acids, which may manifest with hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance with the possible subsequent development of type II diabetes mellitus. The study of the metabolomic signature can provide a clue to the identification of biomarkers of hypertension and contribute to the effective development of preclinical diagnosis and identification of risk groups, as well as a more complete understanding of the etiological and pathogenetic mechanisms of increased blood pressure. Published studies indicate the existence of metabolome characteristic of hypertensive patients, distinguishing them from normotensive subjects. The most typical are changes involving amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, carnitines, phosphatidylcholines, and acylglycerols.The variability of the response to antihypertensive therapy does not allow achieving effective control of blood pressure in a significant proportion of patients. The peculiarities of changes in the metabolome under the use of various pharmacological groups can be used to identify metabolite markers of the response to the main classes of antihypertensive drugs, as well as markers of the development of side effects of drug therapy. Thus, individualization of the pharmacotherapeutic approach based on pharmacometabolomics can significantly increase the efficacy and safety of antihypertensive therapy.This review aims to study the main groups of metabolites identified in published trials as predictors of the development of hypertension, as well as metabolite markers of response to antihypertensive therapy.
Red blood cell distribution width as a biomarker of chronic heart failure severity in elderly patients
Authors: Gaisenok O. V. , Leonova M. V.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Chronic heart failure (CHF) is recognized as one of the most severe cardiovascular diseases with a high mortality rate. Early identification of patients at risk of poor outcomes is critical to optimize treatment.Aim: to conduct comparative analysis of laboratory markers, including the erythrocyte heterogeneity index (RDW) in CHF patients of different functional classes (f.cl.) according to ICD-10 codes.Materials and methods. A  retrospective cross-sectional study with an analysis of  the  electronic laboratory register (JanuaryDecember 2016). 8056 patients who underwent a clinical blood test and added CRP parameters were included. The determination of the patient’s belonging to CHF wascarried out according to the ICD-10 code indicated in the direction for analysis. Identification of CHF patients by f.cl. (NYHA) was carried out according to the ICD-10 codes: code I25.2 (Postponed myocardial infarction) – 1 f. cl.; code I11.0 (Hypertensive disease with predominant heart damage with heart failure) – 2–3 f.cl .; code I50.0 (Congestive heart failure) – 4 f.cl.Results. The proportion of patients with diseases of the circulatory system (code I) was 33.4% (n = 2686), of which 403 CHF patients were selected for the study. Distribution by f.cl. according to the code MKB-10: 1 ph.cl. – 0.83% (n = 67); 2–3 f.c. – 3.84% (n = 309); 4 ph.cl. – 0.33% (n = 27). Significant intergroup differences were obtained between ph.cl. (according to Kruskal–Wallis) for  indicators: hemoglobin (H = 9.741111, p = 0.0077), erythrocytes (H = 7.176770, p = 0.0276), RDW indicator (H = 34.78287, p = 0.0000). There were no statistically significant differences in leukocytes, platelets, ESR, CRP.Conclusions. The presence of anemia in groups of patients with CHF of different f.cl., which often accompanies the disease, has not been confirmed. But statistically significant differences were revealed depending on the severity of f.cl. CHF according to the level of hemoglobin, the number of erythrocytes, and highly significant - according to the RDW indicator. The latter allows us to discuss the role of the RDW index as a possible new laboratory biomarker of CHF severity available for routine clinical practice.
The evolution of polypharmacy: appropriate and problematic polypharmacy, choosing the right strategy and tactics
Authors: Leonova M. V.
Published: October 2021

The evolution of polypharmacy, which for many years consisted of quantifying concurrently prescribed drugs, has led to an qualitative description: “appropriate polypharmacy”, which may be beneficial for some patients, and “problematic polypharmacy”, which is harmful. The concept of “appropriate polypharmacy” is to prescribe multiple drugs based on the best evidence, taking into account the patient’s clinical condition and potential drug-drug interactions. With age, the prevalence of geriatric syndromes, comorbidity/multimorbidity, and limitation of life expectancy increase, which reduces the positive benefit/risk ratio for most drugs. The problem with polypharmacy is associated with an increased risk of adverse reactions, drug-drug interactions, and decreased patient compliance. To improve polypharmacy, various methodologies are used to optimize drug use for maximum benefit and least harm. Such interventions include professional patient counseling, the use of additional tools (including Bierce’s criteria, STOPP/START, MAI index, etc.), electronic decision-making systems, educational programs. The effectiveness of interventions to reduce polypharmacy has been evaluated in several Cochrane meta-analyzes (2012, 2014, 2018) and showed a decrease in drug misuse and the risk of ADR, but there was no effect on mortality, and few studies found a decrease in the number of hospitalizations. The deprescribing methodology is especially relevant in the context of problematic polypharmacy and is considered an integral component of the continuum of good prescribing practice, promoted as a strategy to reduce polypharmacy and improve patient outcomes. Among other interventions, deprescribing has the most evidence for its utility in preventing drugrelated complications, improving clinical outcomes, and reducing costs. The International Group for Reducing Inappropriate Medication Use & Polypharmacy (IGRIMUP) in 2018 developed 10 recommendations to reduce polypharmacy and potentially inappropriate drugs. Thus, the concept of “appropriate polypharmacy” is a rational approach to optimizing polypharmacy; it should be promoted to replace existing thresholds.
Management of pacemaker patients after myocardial infarction
Authors: Bryuhanova I. A. , Gorbunova E. V. , Bakovsky K. V. , Mamchur S. E.
Published: October 2021

Myocardial infarction (MI) is the leading cause of death and disability in the population. Effective restoration of coronary blood flow in the infarction-dependent artery during percutaneous coronary intervention contributes to the regression of structural and functional remodeling of the left ventricle. Meanwhile, in 18% of cases, patients with myocardial infarction require implantation of a pacemaker because of the cardiac conduction disorders, among which atrioventricular blockade is the leading one. The need for pacemaker implantation is determined by the clinical features and the type of bradycardia complicating myocardial infarction. The scope of preventive measures at the stage of outpatient specialized cardiac care for patients with myocardial infarction and pacemaker includes medical, physical, and psychological rehabilitation. In addition, the presence of an implantable pacemaker necessitates specialized dynamic monitoring by an arrhythmologist, including programming the pacemaker. Performing a magnetic test allows to assess the efficiency of the pacemaker, the level of its charge and promptly determine the need to its replacement. Determination of the pacing threshold ensures efficient operation of the implantable device. After discharge from the hospital, a schedule for checking the pacemaker is determined, namely, 3 months after the date of implantation of the pacemaker, then 1-2 times a year. In the event of complaints of dizziness, fainting or damage of the pacemaker implantation site, the pacemaker check is carried out unscheduled. Patients with a history of myocardial infarction and an implantable pacemaker should be informed about the limitations that may be associated with the presence of a pacemaker. It is recommended to exclude contact with possible sources of electrical interference as much as possible, to avoid medical physiotherapy using galvanic currents. When using industrial or household equipment, safety precautions must be followed.
Analysis of the quality of life of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus in real clinical practice who received insulin degludec
Authors: Suplotova L. A. , Sudnitsyna A. S. , Romanova N. V.
Published: October 2021

Introduction. Long-term and high-quality glycemic control prevents the development of vascular complications of diabetes type 1 and improves the disease prognosis, significantly increasing life expectancy. A decrease in the quality of life (QOL) of patients with diabetes type 1 is associated with the disease complications development and carbohydrate metabolism status. In connection with the proven advantages of using indicators of time spent in glycemic ranges (TIR, TAR, TBR), the study of their associations with QOL in patients with type 1 diabetes when switching from long-acting analog insulins to insulin degludec is of particular interest.Aims. To assess the quality of life with diabetes type 1 when switching from long-acting analogs to insulin degludec in real world clinical practice.Materials and methods. The study was designed as a prospective, single-center, uncontrolled study. The recruitment of patients with diabetes type 1 who did not achieve the target values of control of carbohydrate metabolism control, who were on therapy with long-acting and ultrashort-acting analog insulin therapy, was carried out in accordance with the matching criteria. The calculation of TIR and TBR was carried out employing the data from professional continuous monitoring of glucose levels and selfmonitoring of blood glucose levels. The SF-36 Health Status Survey was used to assess QoL.Results. The study included 26 patients who met the inclusion criteria and did not have the exclusion criteria. The relationships between TIR, TBR and QoL parameters during insulin degludec therapy were revealed - with vitality, bodily pain, mental health, which demonstrates an increase in QoL mainly due to the mental component of health.Conclusions. Switching patients with type 1 diabetes from long-acting analog insulins to ultra-long-acting analog insulin on an outpatient basis provides an improvement in glycemic control due to HbA1c and TIR, TBR, and also increases QOL satisfaction, mainly due to the mental component of health.
Tandem Synthesis of Furanaphthoquinones via Enamines and Evaluation of Their Antiparasitic Effects against Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Cardoso Mariana , Forezi Luana , de Souza Acácio , Faria Ana , Galvão Raissa , Bello Murilo , da Silva Fernando , Faria Robson , Ferreira Vitor
Published: October 2021

Furanaphthoquinones are well known in medicinal chemistry for exhibiting relevant structural heterogeneity and bioactivities. In this work, it was synthesized a series of furanaphthoquinones through a tandem reaction between lawsone (8) and cyclic ketones in the presence of morpholine. This strategy provides an efficient and general method for synthesizing furanaphthoquinones with activity against the epimastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), the parasite that causes Chagas disease. Compound 9b was the better prototype, and it exhibited high potency for causing parasite death, showed reduced acute toxicity towards mammalian cells, and was capable of rupturing the epimastigote plasma membrane and acting on sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51). Additionally, 9b reduced trypomastigote viability by 99% after 24 h. Candidate 9b demonstrated the best and most promising profile when bound to CYP51.
Understanding the operational problems and fouling characterization of RO membrane used for brackish water treatment via membrane autopsy
Authors: Balcik Cigdem
Published: October 2021

An autopsy of spiral wound reverse osmosis (RO) membrane operated in brackish water treatment was conducted to understand the origin and extent of foulants and fouling mechanisms. Structural and chemical characterization was determined by visual inspection and instrumental analysis such as scanning electron microscopy/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was observed that the membrane surfaces were completely covered with a gray/brown pollutant layer in all membrane sheets. SEM images proved accumulation of mineral pollutants on membrane surface. Also, high levels of Al and Si, which were attributed to aluminum silicates originating from feed water, were determined on membrane surfaces. Additionally, the XRD analysis results showed that the foulant sample collected from membrane surfaces included halloysite, SiO2 and LiCl components. Fujiwara's result proved that no damage occurred on the membrane surface due to oxidation. Consequently, a fouling control strategy for RO-based brackish water treatment plants was also recommended to increase the membrane life.
RADON RISK COMMUNICATION ISSUES: RESULTS OF THE ALL-RUSSIAN PUBLIC OPINION SURVEY
Authors:   St. Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira Str., St Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation, Davydov A.A. , Biblin A.M. ,   St. Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira Str., St Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation, Kononenko D.V. ,   St. Petersburg Research Institute of Radiation Hygiene after Professor P.V. Ramzaev, 8 Mira Str., St Petersburg, 197101, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

1,500 respondents took part in an Internet survey conducted in autumn 2020 in the Russian Federation. The survey was a part of the Radon Cross-Cultural Multilingual Public Opinion Survey (STEAM project) in the framework of the IAEA technical cooperation project RER9153. The survey was representative for the population of the country as per sex, age, and a region of residence. Random sampling error didn’t exceed 2.5 % for 95 % confidence interval. All respondents were given some information on radon that was as similar as possible in questionnaires published in languages spoken in all 22 coun- tries that took part in the STEAM project; it was done in order to provide an opportunity to make further cross-country com- parison of the survey results. The objective of the survey was to investigate what attitudes people had towards their health and towards radon as a possible health risk factor. The survey revealed that in the Russian Federation people were rather poorly aware about radon. Only 31.7 % re- spondents stated that they were to a greater or lesser extent informed about radon. The level of knowledge about radon as a health risk factor was at a comparable level. For the majority of respondents, information about radon received from Ro- spotrebnadzor and its subordinate research institute formed the perception of radon as a risk factor that requires actions to mitigate its impact on health. Medical specialists turned out to be the most trustworthy source of information about health risks, first of all, family doctors and physicians in polyclinics; people also trusted medical prevention centers, Rospotrebnad- zor, regional and local public health care authorities. Results of the presented survey that was the first social survey focusing on the radon problem and conducted throughout the country can be used as a basis for planning communication strategies within the framework of both national and regional radon programs.
Preventive measures to reduce harmful effects produced by electromagnetic radiation on health
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Campus Ein Kerem, Jerusalem, 9112102, Israel, Stein Y. ,   Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
Published: October 2021

Man-made electromagnetic waves are the most widely and rapidly expanding exposure in today's world, including exposure in several frequency groups: extremely low frequencies (ELF) from electricity lines, hybrid car batteries and high power lines (>3 Hz–3 kHz), radiofrequency (RF) and microwave frequencies including millimeter waves (3 kHz–300 GHz) from mobile phones, towers, base stations and wireless devices, and intermediate frequencies "Dirty Electricity" emitted from power lines. While such organizations as ICNIRP (the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection) still continue to claim that electromagnetic radiation can cause "only thermal effects", clinging to theory that does not match facts and upholding obsolete thermal safety standards, extensive scientific evidence has clearly demonstrated that non-thermal health effects produced by electromagnetic radiation do exist, are important to health, and should be taken into consideration when safety standards are set. This review aims to highlight some evidence of biologic effects in various body systems, and to suggest preventive measures to reduce such effects on health. Exposure to electromagnetic radiation at intensities lower than thermal safety standards has been associated with non-thermal biological effects including damage and changes to cells and DNA. This review presents evidence of such effects demonstrated in: the hematologic system, the nervous system, the immune system, the reproductive system, the skin and muscles, the cardiovascular system, glucose metabolism, and Electrohypersensitivity ("Microwave sickness"). Protective measures are then suggested to reduce these effects.
THE RISK OF COVID-19 SEVERITY IN PATIENTS WITH MS APPEARS TO BE ASSOCIATED WITH IMMUNOTHERAPY
Authors:   Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, Solna, 171 64, Sweden, Iacobaeus E. , Boström I. ,   Linköping university, Linköping, 581 85, Sweden, Zhukovsky Ch. ,   Uppsala university, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden, Berntsson Sh.G. ,   Uppsala university, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden, Landtblom A.-M. ,   Uppsala university, Uppsala, 751 85, Sweden
Published: October 2021

Immunomodulatory drugs are important to control disease activity in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Anti-CD 20-therapy is one of such medications. In Sweden, extensive off label prescription of rituximab (RTX) in MS has been documented; it is presently prescribed for more than half of all treated MS patients. The rationale for the increasing prescription of RTX was previous data from phase II and observational studies supporting high efficacy and safety, in addi- tion to the financial aspect. We report national data on usage of disease modifying therapies in MS patients and risk of se- vere COVID-19 in association with RTX exposure within this group. The Swedish National MS Registry (SMSreg) aims to cover all patients with MS in the country, (n=approximately 18,000). After COVID-19 pandemic started in Sweden, a new section was established in it to register clinical and demo- graphic parameters in COVID-19-infected patients. Data presented in the current report were obtained from the SMSreg. A total of 85 out of approximately 6,000 RTX-treated Swedish MS patients had been hospitalized with COVID-19 (as re- ported from the SMSreg, June 16, 2021) and adjusted analyses showed a 2–3 fold increase in a risk (OR = 2.89; p = 0.001) of hospitalization for anti-CD20 treated patients. A change of praxis was introduced in Sweden in spring 2020, resulting in a ma- jority of patients receiving RTX infusions with extended intervals in order to reduce the risk of severe COVID-19 infection. Current Swedish registry data suggest that exposure to RTX in MS may affect the clinical outcome of COVID-19 infec- tion. These observations have rapidly impacted use of immunomodulatory drugs in Swedish MS patients.
EPIDEMIOLOGIC ASPECTS IN PREVENTION OF THE NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (COVID-19): LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   North-Ossetian State Medical Academy, 40 Pushkinskaya Str., Vladikavkaz, 362019, Russian Federation, Butaev T.M. , Tsirikhova A.S. ,   North-Ossetian State Medical Academy, 40 Pushkinskaya Str., Vladikavkaz, 362019, Russian Federation, Kabaloeva D.V. ,   North-Ossetian State Medical Academy, 40 Pushkinskaya Str., Vladikavkaz, 362019, Russian Federation, Kudukhova D.O. ,   North-Ossetian State Medical Academy, 40 Pushkinskaya Str., Vladikavkaz, 362019, Russian Federation,   The Federal Service for Surveillance over Consumer Rights Protection and Human Well-being, Regional office in the Republic of North Ossetia Alania, 17A Tel'mana Str., Vladikavkaz, 362021, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

At the end of 2019 the mankind had to face a new coronavirus infection with higher virulence which resulted in its rapid spread all over the world and in an ultimate pandemic. Initially a new virus which causes COVID-19 was called 2019-nCoV but it soon acquired its well-known name, SARS-CoV-2. We can positively state that this new coronavirus infec- tion will remain in the history of world public healthcare as a disease that caused a collapse in rendering medical aid. Un- doubtedly, this new coronavirus infection has changed customary lifestyle of the overall world population.This review can be considered problematic in its essence and focuses on examining contemporary trends in the official epidemiologic situation in the world regarding the new coronavirus infection (SARS-CoV-2). Having analyzed several for- eign and domestic documents, the authors revealed a necessity to enhance levels and quality of COVID-19 epidemiologic diagnostics. There is a suggestion being considered at the moment on including additional clinical and diagnostic activities aimed at preventing further spread of the new coronavirus infection. We should note that data on COVID-19-related mortal- ity and morbidity are renewed every day and every hour. Given that, it seems rather difficult to keep in line with the latest trends in COVID-19 prevention and epidemiologic diagnostics. However, the authors made an attempt to possibly collect all the latest data on epidemiological peculiarities related to clinical course of the new coronavirus infection. The authors have a hope that this review will be useful for epidemiologists when they detect new cases of the diseases as well as for lecturers at medical higher educational establishments when they train students and resident physicians.
ASSESSING RISKS CAUSED BY NICKEL-CONTAINING NANOMATERIALS: HAZARD CHARACTERIZATION IN VIVO
Authors:   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinsky lane, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation, Gmoshinski I.V. , Khotimchenko S.A. ,   Federal Research Centre of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, 2/14 Ustinsky lane, Moscow, 109240, Russian Federation
Published: October 2021

Nanoparticles (NP) of nickel (Ni) and its compounds are promising materials for being used as catalysts in chemical, pharmaceutical and food industry; as construction materials in electronics and optoelectronics, in manufacturing current sources, medications, diagnostic preparations, and pesticides. Annual production volumes for these materials in their nano- form are equal to dozen tons and are expected to growth further. According to data obtained via multiple research nano- forms of Ni and its compounds are toxic to many types of cells; stimulate apoptosis; and can induce malignant transforma- tion in vitro. It indicates that this group of nanomaterials can possibly be hazardous for human health. Risk assessment in- cludes such a necessary stage as quantitative hazard characterization, that is, establishing toxic and maximum no-observed- adverse-effect levels (NOAEL) for a nanomaterial that penetrates into a body via inhalation, through undamaged skin, or the gastrointestinal tract. Experiments in vivo performed on laboratory animals with Ni-containing materials revealed overall toxic effects; toxicity to specific organs (including hepatoxoticity and cardiotoxicity); atherogenic, allergenic, and immune- toxic effects, as well as reproductive toxicity. There are multiple available data indicating that all Ni-containing nanomate- rials are genotoxic and mutagenic, though data on their carcinogenic potential are rather scarce. Factors that determine toxicity of Ni and its compounds in nanoform are their ability to penetrate through biological barriers and to release free Ni++ ions in biological media. The review focuses on analyzing and generalizing data on toxicity signs in vivo and effective toxic doses under various introductions of Ni and its compounds in nanoform into a body over a period starting predominantly from 2011.
A CRIMINALIZAÇÃO DAS MANIFESTAÇÕES DE RUA E O DIREITO DE RESISTÊNCIA
Authors: Romão Vinícius de Assis
Published: October 2021

As manifestações populares têm obtido forte resposta repressiva do Estado, que criminaliza ativistas, sobretudo quando os protestos contestam denegações de direitos fundamentais, enfrentando interesses econômicos que exercem influência na demanda por ordem. O período de intensos protestos no Brasil entre junho de 2013 e junho de 2014, no contexto da realização da Copa das Confederações e da Copa do Mundo de futebol, revelou abusos de poder inconciliáveis com o Estado de Direito, percebendo-se uma lógica de combate aos manifestantes. Este trabalho intenta, de uma perspectiva latinoamericana para a análise de conflitos sociais, partindo da teoria agnóstica da pena, da teoria do garantismo penal e da criminologia crítica, discorrer fundamentos para a descriminalização dos manifestantes e do direito de protestar na de rua. Propõe-se o direito de resistência como instrumento democrático de defesa às arbitrariedades praticadas pelo Estado e seus agentes.
A HISTÓRICA SEGREGAÇÃO JURÍDICO-SOCIAL ENTRE “MADAMES” E “SATÃS”: ANÁLISE CRIMINOLÓGICA ACERCA DA MARGINALIZAÇÃO DA CULTURA NEGRA NO BRASIL
Authors: Galdino Gabriela
Published: October 2021

Frente à histórica e ainda crescente exclusão da população pobre noBrasil, o presente artigo busca apresentar uma análise criminológicaacerca da marginalização das culturas periféricas do país, baseando-se,para isso, na figura exemplificativa de João Francisco dos Santos, queatendia pela alcunha Madame Satã, um dos símbolos da vida noturnado Rio de Janeiro na primeira metade do século XX. Destarte, porobjetivar uma interpretação crítica sobre a essência dos fenômenoshumanos, transcendendo os limites da aparência, utilizou-se o métodofenomenológico de pesquisa, valendo-se de reflexões pautadas emdoutrina, jurisprudência e legislação. Ao final, chegou-se à conclusãode que o sistema penal é limitado e submisso aos interesses de umaminoria dominante, de maneira que a criminalização dos excluídos –assim como as expressões transgressoras destes – figura como frutodesse processo.
Increased VEGF-A Expression of Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (hDPSCs) Cultured with Advanced Platelet Rich Fibrin (A-PRF)
Authors: Bagio Dini Asrianti , Julianto Indah , Margono Anggraini , Suprastiwi Endang
Published: October 2021

Background:

VEGF-A expression of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) can induce the angiogenesis process of dental pulp regeneration. This in vitro study aimed to analyze the effect of various concentrations of Advanced Platelet Rich Fibrin (A-PRF) conditioned media (CM) on the increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) of hDPSCs.

Methods:

hDPSCs were collected from ten third molars extracted from nine healthy donors, cultured, and then harvested at the end of the third passage. The hDPSCs were seeded in four different CM (control group: hDPSCs + DMEM; 1% A-PRF CM group: hDPSCs + 1% A-PRF CM; 5% A-PRF CM group: hDPSCs + 5% A-PRF CM; 10% A-PRF CM group: hDPSCs + 10% A-PRF CM). All of the groups were cultured in biological triplicates (Triplo) and observed for 5, 12, and 24 hours. The VEGF-A protein expression of hDPSCs was measured using human VEGF-A ELISA at a wavelength of 405 nm. Data was analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and post hoc Mann Whitney test with p<0.05.

Results:

The VEGF-A expression rate of hDPSCs among all groups was statistically significantly different at 5, 12 and 24 hours of observations (p<0.05). Post hoc analysis test showed a statistically significant difference of hDPSCs’s VEGF-A expression between 5% A-PRF groups compared to other groups at 5 and 12 hours of observation (p<0.05). However, there were no statistically significant differences observed of hDPSCs’ VEGF-A expression at 24 hours of observation between 1%, 5% and 10% A-PRF groups (p>0.05).

Conclusion:

5% A-PRF CM was superior in increasing VEGF-A expression of hDPSCs at 5, 12 and 24 hours of observations.
COVID-19 Prevalence and Outcomes among Individuals with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Taking Hydroxychloroquine; A Retrospective Analysis
Authors: Mollaeian Arash , Kim Daniel S. , Haas Christopher J.
Published: October 2021

Introduction:

The SARS-CoV-2 global pandemic has resulted in a universal search for potential treatments of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Initial reports of the therapeutic potential of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and early non-randomized non-controlled studies were followed by subsequent trials refuting such properties. The use of CQ and HCQ in diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), prompted us to examine the prevalence of COVID-19 and proposed prophylactic and therapeutic properties of HCQ in this population.

Methods:

A total of 103 patients with RA and SLE aged 18 to 75 diagnosed with COVID-19 were identified. The patients were categorized as those taking HCQ (cases) and those not on HCQ (controls) for at least 6 months. Primary (mechanical ventilation, length of stay, death) and secondary outcomes were defined, data were collected, and results were compared and statistically analyzed between cases and controls.

Results:

No statistical difference was observed in demographic features, baseline comorbidities, and medications. Primary outcomes’ statistical analysis did not reveal any differences between cases and controls. Statistical analysis of secondary outcomes revealed that cases had a statistically higher chance of being tachypneic (p 0.034). D-Dimer (p 0.017) and LDH levels (p 0.044) were found to be significantly lower in cases versus controls.

Conclusion:

This study highlights the lack of clinical prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of HCQ against COVID-19 when taken at regular doses for patients with RA and SLE. It also shows that the prevalence of COVID-19 was similar in RA and SLE patients regardless of baseline consumption of HCQ.