bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Missionary descriptions of Mande languages: verbal morphology in 19th century grammars
Authors: Nikitina Tatiana
Published: February 2020

In spite of the prominent role of missionary linguists in shaping the field of modern African linguistics, the approaches adopted in their early grammar descriptions remain virtually unstudied, just as the descriptions themselves are largely ignored by modern linguists. This study explores the ways two 19th century missionary grammarians, R. Maxwell MacBrair and John Kemp, approached the task of describing verbal morphology of two languages from the Mande family, Mandinka and Susu. I discuss important differences between their approach and the one that has become prevalent in modern descriptive studies; these differences reflect to a large extent the different interests and goals of missionary and academic linguists. I also use the example of the two early grammars to illustrate the diversity of attitudes and approaches to language description concealed behind the label “missionary linguistics”. Even in the narrow domain of verbal morphology – which is far from prominent in the isolating Mande languages – the two grammarians resort to very different strategies for coping with the otherness of the material they describe. The diversity gives us a glimpse of the early stages of the development of a typology-sensitive descriptive tradition that informed the study of African languages as we presently know it.
Early Atrial Fibrillation During Acute Myocardial Infarction May Not Be an Indication for Long-Term Anticoagulation
Authors: Axelrod Michal , Gilutz Harel , Plakht Ygal , Greenberg Dan , Novack Lena
Published: February 2020

Patients with new-onset of atrial fibrillation (NOAF) during acute myocardial infarction (AMI) currently receive long-term oral anticoagulation. The risk for stroke of “early” versus “late” onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) has not been elucidated. Consecutively, AMI patients admitted to a tertiary medical center were analyzed. We excluded patients with preexisting AF, AMI onset ≥24 hours prior to admission, significant valvular disease, fever >38.5°C, in-hospital death, or coronary artery bypass graft. Atrial fibrillation was verified by electrocardiography and medical records. Overall 7061 patients were included, 1.4% developed “early-paroxysmal AF (PAF)” that resolved within 24 hours of admission and 2.5% had “late-AF” beyond the first 24 hours. Median follow-up was ≈6 years. Primary end points included ischemic stroke and all-cause mortality. Stroke rates were higher only in patients with late-AF versus no-AF but not in the early-PAF: 10.6% versus 4.2%, 5.3%, respectively ( P < .001). Death rates were higher in patients with late-AF and early-PAF versus no-AF: 55.3%, 43.2%, and 29.2%, respectively ( P < .001). Congestive heart failure, hypertension, age ≥75, diabetes mellitus, a stroke or transient ischemic attack, vascular disease, age 65-74, female (CHA2DS2-VASc) score underestimated stroke risk in the late-AF group. In conclusion, the study generates the hypothesis that patients with early-PAF may not have a high stroke risk questioning the indication for long-term anticoagulation.
Development and Validation of an Assessment Tool for Technical Skills in Handheld Otoscopy
Authors: Guldager Mads J. , Melchiors Jacob , Andersen Steven Arild Wuyts
Published: February 2020

Objective:

Handheld otoscopy requires both technical and diagnostic skills, and is often reported to be insufficient after medical training. We aimed to develop and gather validity evidence for an assessment tool for handheld otoscopy using contemporary medical educational standards.

Study Design:

Educational study.

Setting:

University/teaching hospital.

Subjects and Methods:

A structured Delphi methodology was used to develop the assessment tool: nine key opinion leaders (otologists) in undergraduate training of otoscopy iteratively achieved consensus on the content. Next, validity evidence was gathered by the videotaped assessment of two handheld otoscopy performances of 15 medical students (novices) and 11 specialists in otorhinolaryngology using two raters. Standard setting (pass/fail criteria) was explored using the contrasting groups and Angoff methods.

Results:

The developed Copenhagen Assessment Tool of Handheld Otoscopy Skills (CATHOS) consists 10 items rated using a 5-point Likert scale with descriptive anchors. Validity evidence was collected and structured according to Messick’s framework: for example the CATHOS had excellent discriminative validity (mean difference in performance between novices and experts 20.4 out of 50 points, P < .001); and high internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.94). Finally, a pass/fail score was established at 30 points for medical students and 42 points for specialists in ORL.

Conclusion:

We have developed and gathered validity evidence for an assessment tool of technical skills of handheld otoscopy and set standards of performance. Standardized assessment allows for individualized learning to the level of proficiency and could be implemented in under- and postgraduate handheld otoscopy training curricula, and is also useful in evaluating training interventions.

Level of evidence:

NA
Porphyromonas gingivalis Sphingolipid Synthesis Limits the Host Inflammatory Response
Authors: Rocha F.G. , Moye Z.D. , Ottenberg G. , Tang P. , Campopiano D.J. , Gibson F.C. , Davey M.E.
Published: February 2020

Porphyromonas gingivalis, like other bacteria belonging to the phylum Bacteroidetes, synthesizes sphingolipids (SLs). However, their exact roles in microbial physiology and their potential role in mediating interactions with their eukaryotic host are unclear. Our working hypothesis for this study was that synthesis of SLs (host-like lipids) affords a mechanism that allows P. gingivalis to persist in homeostasis with its host. In a previous study, we deleted a gene (PG1780 in strain W83) predicted to encode a serine palmitoyl transferase (SPT)—the enzyme that catalyzes the first conserved step in the synthesis of SLs—and we determined that the mutant was unable to synthesize SLs. Here, we characterized the SPT enzyme encoded by PG1780, analyzed the impact of SPT deletion on P. gingivalis gene expression (RNA-Seq analysis), and began to define the impact of SL synthesis on its interactions with host cells. Enzymatic analysis verified that the protein encoded by PG1780 is indeed an SPT. RNA-Seq analysis determined that a lack of SL synthesis results in differential expression of extracytoplasmic function sigma factors, components of the type IX secretion system (T9SS), and CRISPR and cas genes. Our data demonstrate that when human THP1 macrophage-like cells were challenged with the wild type (W83) and the SL-null mutant (W83 ΔSPT), the SL-null strain elicited a robust inflammatory response (elevated IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, RANTES, and TNFα) while the response to the parent strain W83 was negligible. Interestingly, we also discovered that SLs produced by P. gingivalis can be delivered to host cells independent of cell-to-cell contact. Overall, our results support our working hypothesis that synthesis of SLs by P. gingivalis is central to its ability to manipulate the host inflammatory response, and they demonstrate the integral importance of SLs in the physiology of P. gingivalis.
“Steamboat Sociality” along the Danube and the Black Sea (mid-1830s–mid-1850s)
Authors: Ardeleanu Constantin
Published: February 2020

This paper explores the social dimension of cruising by looking at new forms of sociality created by the advent of steamboats along the Danube and in the Black Sea. Since a Viennese steamship company introduced cruises between Vienna and Istanbul in the mid-1830s, Austrian steamboats became a busy stage of diverse social encounters. The idea of ships as “floating spaces”, “historical arenas” or “contact zones” in which different cultures meet has been developed by scholars for a long time. Framed within the new mobilities paradigm, this paper details a large range of social interactions on board Austrian steamers based on the accounts of more than a dozen travellers who plied along the Vienna–Istanbul route in the mid-1830s to the mid-1850s. With sociality as an integral part of modern transportation, this paper analyses the early phases in the industrialisation and commodification of travelling and focuses on the social experiences that steamboat cruising provided to customers.
Book review: Pierre Bourdieu, Classification Struggles: General Sociology, Volume I. Lectures at the College de France, 1981–82
Authors: Kumar Ratheesh
Published: February 2020

Pierre Bourdieu, Classification Struggles: General Sociology, Volume I. Lectures at the College de France, 1981–82. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2018, 182 pp. (hardback). ISBN: 978-1-5095-13277.
Book review: Deepak Mehta and Rahul Roy (Eds.), Violence and the Quest for Justice in South Asia
Authors: Das Amiya Kumar
Published: February 2020

Deepak Mehta and Rahul Roy (Eds.), Violence and the Quest for Justice in South Asia. New Delhi: SAGE Publication (Yoda Press), 2018, 364 pp., ₹895 (hardback). ISBN: 978-93-528-0653-9.
Helmuth Plessner and The Delayed Nation
Authors: Whaley Joachim
Published: February 2020

Helmuth Plessner’s The Delayed Nation was a key text in the Sonderweg narrative that dominated the writing of German history from the later 1950s to the mid-1980s: the idea that the disaster of the Third Reich and the Holocaust could be explained in terms of Germany’s problematic path to modernity since the Middle Ages. The book had originally been published under a rather prolix title in Zurich in 1935 when Plessner was an émigré in the Netherlands. It made little impact then, and only attracted attention from 1959 under a short title which seemed to capture the essence of the emerging left-liberal view of the disastrous course of German history. The more accessible title in reality masked an extremely complex book which did not sit easily with the social history preoccupations of the avant-garde of post-war German historians. Plessner’s history was a narrative of intellectual degeneration that placed philosophy at the heart of the German problem. Plessner’s book can only be fully understand in relation to his own philosophical and political concerns in the 1920s. Its impact in the 1960s and after derives almost entirely from its suggestive and eye-catching title.
Three new books on W. G. Sebald and some afterthoughts
Authors: Sheppard Richard
Published: February 2020

Following a discussion of three substantial new books on the writer W. G. Sebald, I reflect upon and try to develop ideas which the authors argue are central to Sebald’s recent published work, notably suffering, natural and humanly created cataclysms, narratorial tact, occlusion, reliability and restitution, and the experience of liberation.
Ludwig Klages and his philosophy of language
Authors: Bishop Paul
Published: February 2020

This article outlines the philosophy of language of the vitalist philosopher Ludwig Klages, as it can be found in his late work Language as the Source of Psychology ( Die Sprache als Quell der Seelenkunde). First published in 1948, this treatise is full of examples of how everyday usage of words should give us pause for thought – underlining the link between philosophy and life that is inherent to the project of vitalism or Lebensphilosophie. In line with the remit for submissions to this issue of the Journal of European Studies intended to mark 50 years since its inception, the article reflects the interest of its contributor (translation studies and the history of ideas), forms part of a larger project to retrieve the thought of a largely forgotten thinker, and showcases a work that occupies a key position in the history of twentieth-century thought and has been seminal to the contributor’s own development. For ultimately Klages’s philosophy of language illustrates the truth of Goethe’s maxim, ‘the point of life is life itself’.
Introduction: The Journal of European Studies at 50
Authors: Flower John
Published: February 2020

This introductory article offers a brief account of the first 50 years of the existence of the Journal of European Studies from its conception at the University of East Anglia in 1969 to the present.
Oscillation free robust adaptive synchronization of chaotic systems with parametric uncertainties
Authors: Ahmad Israr , Shafiq Muhammad
Published: February 2020

The complexity of the closed-loop system, short transient response time, and fast synchronization error convergence rates are the three basic parameters that limit hacking in the data encryption and secure the communication systems. This paper addresses the following two challenges:

The full-order synchronization (FOS) of two parametrically excited second-order nonlinear pendulum (PENP) chaotic systems with uncertain parameters. The reduced-order synchronization (ROS) between the canonical projection part of an uncertain third-order chaotic Rossler and the uncertain PENP systems.

This article designs a new robust adaptive synchronization control (RASC) algorithm to address the above two challenges. The proposed controller achieves the FOS and ROS in a shorter transient time, and the synchronization error signals converge to the origin with faster rates in the presence of bounded unknown state-dependent and time-dependent disturbances. The Lyapunov direct method verifies this convergence behavior. The paper provides parameters updated laws that confirm the convergence of the uncertain parameters to some fixed values. The controller does not cancel the nonlinear terms of the plant; this property of the controller keeps the nonlinear terms in the closed-loop that results in the enhanced complexity of the dynamical system. The proposed RASC strategy is successful in synthesizing oscillation free convergence of the synchronization error signals to the origin for reducing the transient time and guarantees the asymptotic stability at the origin. The simulation results endorse the theoretical findings.
Robust model reference control for uncertain second-order system subject to parameter uncertainties
Authors: Tian Guang-Tai , Duan Guang-Ren
Published: February 2020

This paper is devoted to designing a robust model reference controller for uncertain second-order systems subject to parameter uncertainties. The system matrix of the first-order reference model is more general and the parameter uncertainties are assumed to be norm-bounded. The design of robust controller can be devided into two separate problems: problem robust stabilization and problem robust compensation. Based on the solution of generalized Sylvester matrix equations, we obtain some sufficient conditions to guarantee the complete parameterization of the controller. Then, the problem robust compensation of the closed-loop system is estimated by solving a convex optimisation problem with a set of linear matrix equations constraints. Two simulation examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Exemplar models are useful and deep neural networks overcome their limitations: A commentary on Ambridge (2020)
Authors: McClelland James L.
Published: February 2020

Humans are sensitive to the properties of individual items, and exemplar models are useful for capturing this sensitivity. I am a proponent of an extension of exemplar-based architectures that I briefly describe. However, exemplar models are very shallow architectures in which it is necessary to stipulate a set of primitive elements that make up each example, and such architectures have not been as successful as deep neural networks in capturing language usage and meaning. More work is needed bringing contemporary deep learning architectures used in machine intelligence to the effort to understand human language processing.
Facebooking a different campaign beat: party leaders, the press and public engagement
Authors: Ross Karen , Fountaine Susan , Comrie Margie
Published: February 2020

Social media are increasingly entrenched in politicians’ campaigning. Yet even as they become more ubiquitous, evidence suggests widely used platforms normalize rather than equalize the existing power dynamics of the political landscape. Our study of New Zealand’s 2017 general election uses a mixed-method approach including analysis of five Party Leaders’ (PLs) public Facebook wall posts, campaign coverage in four newspapers and interviews with Party workers and MPs. Our findings show PLs seldom interact with citizens and mostly use posts to promote campaign information. Citizens are more likely to ‘like’ a PL’s post than share or comment and there are important divergences between Party and media agendas. These findings demonstrate not only the importance of social media for Parties’ attempts to control messaging and disrupt journalistic interference, but also highlight that neither Parties nor citizens seem much invested in dialogue. However, understanding which posts excite citizen engagement may help all Parties more effectively promote participatory democracy globally.
Digital protest in Singapore: the pragmatics of political Internet memes
Authors: Soh Wee Yang
Published: February 2020

This article investigates the use of Internet memes as political protest in Singapore. The proliferation of political memes after the controversial 2017 Singapore presidential election was curious, considering the government’s strict policies in regulating discourses both online and offline. By analyzing memes that circulated after the election, this article examines how the aesthetic form of political Internet memes intersects with current communicative ideologies to disperse their authorship, thereby allowing Singaporeans to communicate political dissent indirectly in ways that can always be subsequently disavowed as humor. In particular, the political productiveness of memes stems from their ambivalent status, as they are capable of being evaluated according to two competing ideologies centered on two intensional prototypes: first, of memes as political artifacts; second, of memes as humorous artifacts. Empirically, this article builds on existing digital media scholarship by demonstrating the need to factor language and media ideologies into analyses of digital media.
You are fake news: political bias in perceptions of fake news
Authors: van der Linden Sander , Panagopoulos Costas , Roozenbeek Jon
Published: February 2020

Although the rise of fake news is posing an increasing threat to societies worldwide, little is known about what associations the term ‘fake news’ activates in the public mind. Here, we report a psychological bias that we describe as the ‘fake news effect’: the tendency for partisans to use the term ‘fake news’ to discount and discredit ideologically uncongenial media sources. In a national sample of the US population ( N = 1000), we elicited top-of-mind associations with the term ‘fake news’. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find evidence that both liberals and conservatives freely associate traditionally left-wing (e.g. CNN) and right-wing (e.g. Fox News) media sources with the term fake news. Moreover, conservatives are especially likely to associate the mainstream media with the term fake news and these perceptions are generally linked to lower trust in media, voting for Trump, and higher belief in conspiracy theories.
HLA-DQB genetic susceptibility and rheumatic heart disease: a case-control study
Authors: Sharma Neha , Toor Devinder , Baro Lokajeet , Chaliha Mriganka S , Kusre Giriraj , Baruah Sreemanta M , Das Sangeeta
Published: February 2020

Background

Rheumatic heart disease is a major global health concern, especially in low- and middle-income countries. The pathogenesis is attributable to an aberrant immune response, host genetic factors, and socioeconomic status. The objective of this study was to screen HLA-DQB1 alleles as genetic susceptibility markers in rheumatic heart disease patients in Assam, North East India, and to correlate the predominant allele with socioeconomic status and clinical profile.

Methods

A case-control study of 100 echocardiography-confirmed rheumatic heart disease patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls from Assam Medical College and Hospital was conducted. Human leukocyte antigen typing was performed using HLA-DQ typing kit. A questionnaire was designed to study the socioeconomic status and clinical profile of rheumatic heart disease patients.

Results

Among the 9 alleles studied, HLA-DRBQ1*03:01 was found to be the statistically significant predominant allele in this population, especially in the Ahom ethnic group. In the HLA-DRBQ1*03:01-positive population, rural dwelling was found to be a significantly increased risk factor for rheumatic heart disease. Among severe cases, 90% of mitral stenosis, 40% of mitral regurgitation, and 33.3% of aortic regurgitation cases were HLA-DRBQ1*03:01-positive. Also, 50% of aortic valve thickening and 36.8% of mitral valve thickening cases were found in this population.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that HLA-DRBQ1*03:01 is a significant susceptibility marker in this population, and predominant in the rural population. Furthermore, it may play an important role in determining the pattern of valve damage in rheumatic heart disease patients.
Communal coping: A multi-method approach with links to relationships and health
Authors: Zajdel Melissa , Helgeson Vicki S.
Published: February 2020

Communal coping is defined as the appraisal of a problem as shared and collaboration to address the problem. The goals of the present study were to apply a multi-method approach to (1) disentangle appraisal and collaboration, (2) establish links to relationships and health outcomes, and (3) demonstrate that collaboration mediates the relations of shared appraisal to outcomes. Self-report measures, an observational measure, and we-language were assessed in patients with type 2 diabetes and their spouses ( n = 207). A confirmatory factor analysis distinguished the two components of communal coping; each component was linked to greater relationship quality and less psychological distress for patients and spouses as well as better diabetes self-care behaviors for patients. Mediation analyses suggested that the links of shared appraisal to these outcomes were largely accounted for by collaboration.
Safety and efficacy of embolotherapy for severe hemorrhage after partial nephrectomy
Authors: Gieraerts Christopher , Vanhoutte Els , Laenen Annouschka , Bonne Lawrence , De Wever Liesbeth , Joniau Steven , Oyen Raymond , Maleux Geert
Published: February 2020

Background

Partial nephrectomy may be complicated by postoperative hemorrhage, which may be treated by transcatheter embolization.

Purpose

To assess the safety and efficacy of embolotherapy for hemorrhagic complications of partial nephrectomy and to analyze the potential correlation between multiple bleeding sites on angiography and surgical complexity

Material and Methods

A cohort of 25 patients presenting with severe, postoperative bleeding after partial nephrectomy and treated with catheter-directed superselective embolization was included. Patients’ demographics, radiological investigations before the embolization, and clinical outcome after embolization were analyzed. Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze the potential difference in the RENAL score between patients with one or more bleeding sites in the resection area.

Results

Selective renal angiography revealed multiple bleeding sites at the resection bed in 8 (32%) patients with amorphous contrast extravasation in 10 (40%) patients. Embolization with use of a microcatheter and microcoils was effective to stop the bleeding in all but one patient, the latter requiring a second embolization two days later. Transient decrease in renal function was noted in 3/25 (12%) patients with full recovery in two of the three. Patients with multiple bleeding sites did not show significantly different RENAL scores compared to patients with a single bleeding site ( P = 0.148).

Conclusion

Embolotherapy for postoperative partial nephrectomy-related bleeding is safe and effective with a low rate of recurrent bleeding. The number of bleeding sites at the resection area did not correlate to the RENAL score.
The insides and outsides of parliamentary politics: Introduction to a special section of Social Studies of Science on parliamentary practices
Authors: Dányi Endre
Published: February 2020

This introduction to a special section on parliaments identifies a tendency in STS to look for politics either inside or outside mainstream democratic institutions. Summarizing the insights of the contributions to the special section, the introduction argues that – in light of current challenges to dominant modes of doing politics across the globe – the task for STS scholars is neither to renew faith in what is happening in various legislatures, nor to look for alternatives elsewhere. Rather it is to carefully explore how their multiple insides and outsides are being connected, and what possibilities those connections offer as we continue to navigate spaces defined by the panopticon and the parliament as the twin diagrams of modernity.
Persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury: Deep phenotyping and treatment patterns
Authors: Ashina Håkan , Iljazi Afrim , Al-Khazali Haidar Muhsen , Ashina Sait , Jensen Rigmor Højland , Amin Faisal Mohammad , Ashina Messoud , Schytz Henrik Winther
Published: February 2020

Objective

To investigate clinical characteristics and treatment patterns in persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury.

Methods

A total of 100 individuals with persistent post-traumatic headache attributed to mild traumatic brain injury were enrolled between July 2018 and June 2019. Deep phenotyping was performed using a semi-structured interview while allodynia was assessed using the 12-item Allodynia Symptom Checklist.

Results

In 100 subjects with persistent post-traumatic headache, the mean headache frequency was 25.4 ± 7.1 days per month. The most common headache phenotype was chronic migraine-like headache (n = 61) followed by combined episodic migraine-like and tension-type-like headache (n = 29) while nine subjects reported “pure” chronic tension-type-like headache. The most frequent trigger factors were stress, lack of sleep, and bright lights. A history of preventive medication use was reported by 63 subjects, of which 79% reported failure of at least one preventive drug, while 19% reported failure of at least four preventive drugs. Cutaneous allodynia was absent in 54% of the subjects, mild in 23%, moderate in 17%, and severe in 6%.

Conclusions

The headache profile of individuals with persistent post-traumatic headache most often resembled a chronic migraine-like phenotype or a combined episodic migraine-like and tension-type-like headache phenotype. Migraine-specific preventive medications were largely reported to be ineffective. Therefore, there is a pressing need for pathophysiological insights and disease-specific therapies.
Comparison between Surrogate Safety Assessment Model and Real-Time Safety Models in Predicting Field-Measured Conflicts at Signalized Intersections
Authors: Essa Mohamed , Sayed Tarek
Published: February 2020

Traffic simulation models are frequently used to evaluate the safety of signalized intersections, especially when testing unconventional designs or investigating the effects of emerging technologies such as connected and autonomous vehicles. In this approach, vehicle trajectories extracted from traffic simulation are usually analyzed using the surrogate safety assessment model (SSAM) to estimate the number and severity of traffic conflicts. However, recent research has shown that evaluating safety using SSAM has several limitations. First, a rigorous calibration procedure must be applied to the simulation model to obtain reliable conflict results. Second, simulation models in many cases do not accurately represent actual driving behavior. Subsequently, they often fail to capture the actual mechanisms generating near-misses. This paper presents a new procedure, alternative to SSAM, for evaluating the safety of signalized intersections. The procedure combines simulated vehicle trajectories with real-time safety models to predict rear-end conflicts. The conflict prediction is based on dynamic traffic parameters, such as traffic volume and shock wave characteristics, repeatedly measured over a short time interval (a few seconds). To validate the proposed procedure, its performance was investigated in predicting traffic conflicts extracted from 54 hours of real-world video data at two signalized intersections in the city of Surrey, British Columbia. The predicted conflict results were compared with SSAM. Overall, the results showed that the proposed procedure outperforms SSAM in relation to accuracy of conflict prediction. Lastly, a case study of using the proposed procedure in evaluating the safety impact of a recently developed connected-vehicles application is presented.
Reform Adoption in a Postcollective Bargaining Governance Environment
Authors: Ford Michael R. , Ihrke Douglas M.
Published: February 2020

In this article, we use data collected from Wisconsin superintendents to determine the extent to which the curtailing of collective bargaining facilitated local public management reform adoption. The results show the near elimination of collective bargaining did spur substantial reform adoption in areas of performance pay and recruitment, and that longer serving superintendents and those with partisan ideologies were more likely to adopt management reforms. However, the results also indicate that curtailing collective bargaining appeared to hurt employee morale and made it more difficult to recruit and retain quality teachers. The results contribute to the public human resource literature by providing a real life case study of how public management practices change when collective bargaining is eliminated.
A novel adaptive control approach for path tracking control of autonomous vehicles subject to uncertain dynamics
Authors: Mohammadzadeh Ardashir , Taghavifar Hamid
Published: February 2020

Autonomous ground vehicles are constantly exposed to matched/mismatched uncertainties and disturbances and different operating conditions. Consequently, robustness to resist the undesirable effect of changes in the nominal parameters of the vehicle is a significant provision for satisfactory path-tracking control of these vehicles. The accomplishment of lateral path-tracking control is an essential task expectable from autonomous ground vehicles, particularly during critical maneuvers, abrupt cornering, and lane changes at high speeds. This paper presents a new control approach based on immersion and invariance control theorem. The asymptotic stability of the proposed method is ensured and the adaptation laws for the parameters are derived based on the I&I stability theorem. The effectiveness of the proposed control method is confirmed for autonomous ground vehicles systems while making a double-lane-change at various forward speeds. The robustness of the proposed control method is evaluated under parametric uncertainties related to the autonomous ground vehicle and different road conditions. The obtained results suggest that the proposed control method holds the capacity to be applied effectively to the path-tracking task of autonomous ground vehicles under a broad range of operating conditions, parametric uncertainness, and external disturbances.
History of the opposition between psychogenesis and organogenesis in classic psychiatry: Part 1
Authors: Dimitriadis Yorgos
Published: February 2020

The question of causation in psychiatry is one of the oldest and most difficult in this field. This paper is the first of two published in this journal. First, it traces the development of psychogenic and organogenic views of mental disorders from Pinel until the early twentieth century. This includes the debate as to how a disturbance of function might create a lesion even without a visible pathological trace. The second part of the paper discusses in detail the controversy between functional and organic causes of mental disease. These concepts evolved taking into account psychological factors and also the response of the uninjured parts of the nervous system to trauma of various kinds.
Determination of routine chemicals, physical indices and macromolecular substances in reconstituted tobacco using near infrared spectroscopy combined with sample set partitioning
Authors: Wu Lijun , Wang Baoxing , Zhang Lei , Duan Rumin , Gao Rui , Yin Yanfei , Liu Xingruitong , Bai Xiaoli
Published: February 2020

Near infrared spectroscopy coupled with sample set partitioning based on joint X-Y distances combined with partial least square regression was applied to the quantitative analysis of six routine chemicals, five physical indices and four macromolecular substances in reconstituted tobacco. The quantitative regression models of these indices were established by joint X-Y distances combined with partial least square regression. Results showed remarkable correlation between predicted and measured values of the 15 indices. The root mean square error of prediction of all the indices was low, and the correlation coefficients of these PLS models were all greater than 0.85. This was the first study in which NIR spectroscopy had been used to determine the macromolecular substances as well as certain physical indices in reconstituted tobacco. Results showed that this method could be feasibly applied for rapid detection of these properties of industrial products.
Ultrasound-guided fascia closure as bailout technique for large-bore percutaneous femoral access failure: Report of two cases
Authors: Baldino Giuseppe , Rossi Umberto G , Di Gregorio Sara , Gori Amerigo
Published: February 2020

Percutaneous endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair is nowadays considered a safe and effective procedure and has gained widespread globally acceptance. However, intraoperative persistent bleeding due to percutaneous access closure device failure can occur. Open conversion is first-line treatment to manage this complication. The fascia suture technique was introduced as an alternative to access closure device or as a solution to manage unsatisfactory hemostasis during percutaneous endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. In this article, we report a new simple minimally invasive ultrasound-guided fascia suture technique as a bailout method to manage persistent bleeding after percutaneous endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair avoiding open conversion. This technique was successfully used in two cases at our center with satisfactory hemostasis and no further complications. Ultrasound-guided fascia suture technique can be proposed as a minimally invasive bailout technique for access closure device failure.
A Longitudinal Investigation on the Relation between Self-Compassion and Alcohol Use in a Treatment Sample: A Brief Report
Authors: Garner Alisa R , Gilbert Sarah E , Shorey Ryan C , Gordon Kristina C , Moore Todd M , Stuart Gregory L
Published: February 2020

Alcohol misuse is often a chronic problem such that relapses following treatment are common. One potential protective factor for alcohol misuse is self-compassion, which includes self-kindness, feelings of common humanity, and mindfulness when faced with personal suffering and hardships. This study tested the hypothesis that self-compassion, and specifically self-compassion promoting facets including self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness, were longitudinally associated with reduced alcohol use among a sample of men and women in substance use disorder treatment ( N = 62). Results partially supported the hypothesis, in that only the mindfulness facet of self-compassion was associated with decreased alcohol use over time. Sex and age differences as they related to the positive facets of self-compassion and alcohol use emerged. These findings suggest that positive facets of self-compassion may be beneficial factors to cultivate in alcohol treatment programs.
If You Are the One and SBS: the cultural economy of difference
Authors: Sun Wanning , Han Jing
Published: February 2020

If You Are the One ( IYATO) is China’s most popular television dating show. Since Australia’s Special Broadcasting Service (SBS) bought it 6 years ago, the show has attracted a cult following among English-speaking viewers. SBS subsequently purchased several other Chinese reality shows, and the Seven Network launched its own version of IYATO. But none of these programmes have proven to be as enduringly popular as IYATO. Taking an industry studies approach, this article draws on the inside knowledge of one of the authors, and on interviews with several other SBS employees, to shed light on the media industry’s thinking behind importing cultural products from China, particularly against the backdrop of fear and anxiety about China’s influence. We also ask why IYATO has endeared itself to Australia’s English-speaking viewers in ways that the majority of Chinese media content has not, despite the Chinese government’s myriad soft power initiatives.
Experimental study on seismic control of towers in cable-supported bridges by incorporating fluid viscous dampers between sub-towers
Authors: Zhou Peng , Liu Min , Li Suchao , Li Hui , Song Gangbing
Published: February 2020

In this article, the seismic control of towers incorporated with fluid viscous dampers between sub-towers is investigated experimentally. To replace one entire tower, an alternative scheme consisting of four separate sub-towers is first proposed. Fluid viscous dampers are utilized as energy dissipation devices to be installed between sub-towers. Experimental tests are conducted to study the damping force characteristics. Three control strategies with various distributions of these dampers between sub-towers are developed. Then, a series of shaking table tests are carried out to evaluate the control performance of the proposed control strategies. Different earthquake records are adopted as seismic loadings. Experimental results clearly show a remarkable reduction in the towers seismic responses, including the accelerations, relative displacements, and strains. Rather than attaching dampers in concentrated ways, the strategy of distributing dampers uniformly behaves better.
Solidarity or self-interest? Public opinion in relation to alcohol policies in Sweden
Authors: Karlsson David , Holmberg Sören , Weibull Lennart
Published: February 2020

Aim:

The aim of this article is to study how people sometimes accept policies that could in a narrow sense be seen as in conflict with their own self-interest.

Design:

The study is based on survey data relating to public opinion on alcohol policy in Sweden targeted at people aged 16–85 years 2016–2017. Among the 3400 people questioned, the response rate was 52%.

Results:

The results show that people’s perception of the problematic societal consequences of alcohol, in combination with ideological norms regarding the responsibility of individuals, is much more important in explaining public opinion than self-interest factors. It is the view that there is a problem at the societal level, rather than at the personal level, that is most essential for explaining opinions on alcohol restrictions. General knowledge of alcohol-related matters has some effect, whereas personal experiences of close affiliates excessive drinking does not seem to color the opinions expressed.

Conclusion:

Support for restrictive alcohol policies in Swedish public opinion is mainly founded on norms of solidarity and astute problem analyses at the societal level, and to a much lesser extent on egoism and personal experiences.
The future of ‘video’ in video-based qualitative research is not ‘dumb’ flat pixels! Exploring volumetric performance capture and immersive performative replay
Authors: McIlvenny Paul
Published: February 2020

Qualitative research that focuses on social interaction and talk has been increasingly based, for good reason, on collections of audiovisual recordings in which 2D flat-screen video and mono/stereo audio are the dominant recording media. This article argues that the future of ‘video’ in video-based qualitative studies will move away from ‘dumb’ flat pixels in a 2D screen. Instead, volumetric performance capture and immersive performative replay rely on a procedural camera/spectator-independent representation of a dynamic real or virtual volumetric space over time. It affords analytical practices of re-enactment – shadowing or redoing modes of seeing/listening as an active spectation for ‘another next first time’ – which play on the tense relationships between live performance, observability, spectatorship and documentation. Three examples illustrate how naturally occurring social interaction and settings can be captured volumetrically and re-enacted immersively in virtual reality (VR) and what this means for data integrity, evidential adequacy and qualitative analysis.
Codesigning Parks for Increasing Park Visits and Physical Activity in a Low-Socioeconomic Community: The Active By Community Design Experience
Authors: Austin Glenn , Duncan Mitch J. , Bell Tanya
Published: February 2020

The purpose of the Active By Community Design (ABCD) project was to engage residents in the redesign of two public open spaces to increase park visits and park-based physical activity (PBPA). It was anticipated that by adding local preferences to park design considerations along with collected data and available evidence, the study would achieve increased levels of community engagement and subsequent increases in park visits and PBPA. This study summarizes two case studies outlining the community engagement and research translation process. Utilizing a pre–post evaluation design, baseline measures were completed with a series of validated tools for park use and park quality. Baseline data, evidence, community and stakeholder input were synthesized and presented to a “design subcommittee” to translate into “real-world” park redesigns. Park audits, a household survey, and park open days identified the spaces were not designed for the activities residents wanted, while park observations identified usage was low, and those observed were mostly children and adults walking. Park redesigns focused on maximizing access, infrastructure to enable physical activity (PA), PA programs and enhancements to improve aesthetics and safety concerns. The ABCD project successfully demonstrated a process of combining data and community and stakeholder engagement input to translate evidence into the creation of more supportive environments for PA. Stakeholder and resident input to the redesign processes contributed to satisfaction and ownership that residents reported on the redesigned parks, which may increase the likelihood of increased park usage and park-based physical activity.
Privacy-preserved data hiding using compressive sensing and fuzzy C-means clustering
Authors: Li Ming , Wang Lanlan , Fan Haiju
Published: February 2020

Nowadays, digital images are confronted with notable privacy and security issues, and many research works have been accomplished to countermeasure these risks. In this article, a novel scheme for data hiding in encrypted domain is proposed using fuzzy C-means clustering and compressive sensing technologies to protect privacy of the host image. The original image is preprocessed first to generate multiple highly correlated classes with fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm. Then, all classes are further divided into two parts according to proper threshold. One is encrypted by stream cipher, and the other is encrypted and compressed simultaneously with compressive sensing technology for easy data embedding by information hider. The receiver can extract additional data and recover the original image with data-hiding key and encryption key. Experiments and analysis demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve higher embedding rate about additional data and better visual quality of recovered image than other state-of-the-art schemes.
Outcomes of Patients with and without Nighttime Awakening Symptoms After Carpal Tunnel Release
Authors: Lander Sarah , Lander Alex , Hammert Warren C.
Published: February 2020

Background: A common symptom associated with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is nighttime awakening (NTA), which typically resolves quickly following carpal tunnel release (CTR). The early improvement in those who do not wake-up at night is less clear. This study investigates outcomes following CTR in patients with preoperative NTA symptoms compared to those without at 6 weeks and 3 months. Methods: Patients diagnosed with CTS who proceeded with CTR and agreed to participate in a prospective study completed the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire (BCTQ) and Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire (MHQ) at their preoperative appointment and 6-week and 3-month follow-ups. We compared outcomes between time points for improvement. Results: Of 45 patients, 37 patients with NTA had BCTQ scores of 3.09, 1.86, and 1.50 at preoperative, 6-week, and 3-month follow-up, respectively, and MHQ scores of 56.68, 74.91, and 81.01. NTA patients had improvement of both BCTQ and MHQ at 6 weeks and 3 months. Nonawakening patients had BCTQ scores of 2.58, 2.15, and 1.86 and MHQ scores of 57.94, 62.71, and 72.16, respectively. This cohort did not have significant improvement of MHQ at 6 weeks, but did at 3 months. The BCTQ severity scores in the nonawakening patients had significant improvement at both 6 weeks and 3 months, but did not at either time point for the BCTQ functionality scores. At 6 weeks, 2/37 patients continued to have NTA and no patients had NTA at 3 months. Conclusion: Patients with CTS and NTA symptoms had significant improvements in BCTQ and MHQ at 6 weeks and 3 months. Patients who did not awaken at night did not have significant improvements when evaluating BCTQ functional results, although they did improve when analyzing for BCTQ for symptom severity and MHQ, but not to the same level as those that do awaken and improvement was slower based on MHQ scores.
One meta-media event, two forms of censorship: The Charlie Hebdo affair in the United Kingdom and Turkey
Authors: Eko Lyombe , Hellmueller Lea
Published: February 2020

This study analyses British and Turkish media conceptualizations of the Charlie Hebdo affair. Editorial decisions to republish or not to republish the Mohammed cartoon cover reflected the politico-cultural pressures on the journalistic fields in both countries. The controversy demonstrated that the editorial autonomy of the British media outlets enabled them to engage in ‘eclectic neutrality’, the right to decide to republish or not to republish the cartoons. Despite the severely constrained journalistic environment of Turkey, where expectations of respect for religion take precedence over freedom of expression, the Turkish media engaged in symbolic acts of resistance in furtherance of freedom of expression.
Turkey’s communicative authoritarianism
Authors: Çelik Burçe
Published: February 2020

The majority of current political communication studies focus on discursive dimensions of communications and disregard how communications partake in the governing of populations through economic, material and institutional practices. By focusing on Turkey’s case, here I move beyond this approach and examine the role of communications in the development of neoliberal capital accumulation, authoritarian welfare politics, political repression and the production of popular support. The article provides an empirical analysis of policy developments and plans and the restructuring of ownership and control of networks between 2002 and 2016 in Erdoğan’s Turkey.
‘For ever England’: The figurative colonization of Flanders
Authors: Copeland Todd
Published: February 2020

During the course of the First World War, the British presence in Belgium resulted in what one can describe as a figurative colonization of Flanders, an intensely defended region in which the British Empire suffered immense casualties. This process of figuratively recreating Flanders into British soil through the employment of possessive tropes took place in propaganda and literary works alike, with such terms as acquisitive equation and idealized interventions echoing those employed in the rhetoric of the British Empire during earlier eras in its imperial history.