bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SMYD2-Methylated PPARγ Facilitates Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension by Activating Mitophagy
Authors: Li Yi , Wei Xiang , Xiao Rui , Chen Yongjie , Xiong Tianxin , Fang Ze-Min , Huo Bo , Guo Xian , Luo Hanshen , Wu Xingliang , Liu Liyuan , Zhu Xue-Hai , Hu Qinghua , Jiang Ding-Sheng , Yi Xin
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Hyperproliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) and consequent pulmonary vascular remodeling are the crucial pathological features of pulmonary hypertension (PH). Protein methylation has been shown to be critically involved in PASMC proliferation and PH, but the underlying mechanism remains largely unknown.

METHODS:

PH animal models were generated by treating mice/rats with chronic hypoxia for 4 weeks. SMYD2-vTg mice (vascular smooth muscle cell-specific suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste, trithorax and myeloid Nervy DEAF-1 (deformed epidural auto-regulatory factor-1) domain-containing protein 2 transgenic) or wild-type rats and mice treated with LLY-507 (3-cyano-5-{2-[4-[2-(3-methylindol-1-yl)ethyl]piperazin-1-yl]-phenyl}-N-[(3-pyrrolidin-1-yl)propyl]benzamide) were used to investigate the function of SMYD2 (suppressor of variegation, enhancer of zeste, trithorax and myeloid Nervy DEAF-1 domain-containing protein 2) on PH development in vivo. Primary cultured rat PASMCs with SMYD2 knockdown or overexpression were used to explore the effects of SMYD2 on proliferation and to decipher the underlying mechanism.

RESULTS:

We demonstrated that the expression of the lysine methyltransferase SMYD2 was upregulated in the smooth muscle cells of pulmonary arteries from patients with PH and hypoxia-exposed rats/mice and in the cytoplasm of hypoxia-induced rat PASMCs. More importantly, targeted inhibition of SMYD2 by LLY-507 significantly attenuated hypoxia-induced pulmonary vascular remodeling and PH development in both male and female rats in vivo and reduced rat PASMC hyperproliferation in vitro. In contrast, SMYD2-vTg mice exhibited more severe PH phenotypes and related pathological changes than nontransgenic mice after 4 weeks of chronic hypoxia treatment. Furthermore, SMYD2 overexpression promoted, while SMYD2 knockdown suppressed, the proliferation of rat PASMCs by affecting the cell cycle checkpoint between S and G2 phases. Mechanistically, we revealed that SMYD2 directly interacted with and monomethylated PPARγ (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma) to inhibit the nuclear translocation and transcriptional activity of PPARγ, which further promoted mitophagy to facilitate PASMC proliferation and PH development. Furthermore, rosiglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, largely abolished the detrimental effects of SMYD2 overexpression on PASMC proliferation and PH.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our results demonstrated that SMYD2 monomethylates nonhistone PPARγ and inhibits its nuclear translocation and activation to accelerate PASMC proliferation and PH by triggering mitophagy, indicating that targeting SMYD2 or activating PPARγ are potential strategies for the prevention of PH.
Taxonomic review of the genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Decapoda: Astacidea: Parastacidae) with description of five new species
Authors: RIBEIRO FELIPE BEZERRA , ARAUJO PAULA BEATRIZ
Published: May 2024

The freshwater crayfish genus Parastacus Huxley, 1879 (Parastacidae) is reviewed. Seven species are redescribed: Parastacus brasiliensis (von Martens, 1869), P. defossus Faxon, 1898, P. laevigatus Buckup & Rossi, 1980, P. pilimanus (von Martens, 1869), P. pugnax (Poepigg, 1835), P. promatensis Fontoura & Conter, 2008, and P. varicosus Faxon, 1898. In addition, five new species are described: Parastacus bah, P. heterochaelis, P. manezinho, P. quasimodo and P. rudolphi. Descriptions, diagnoses, and synonyms of the genus and species are provided. In addition, information on the geographical distribution and an identification key is presented for all species.
Impacts of Greenland Ice Sheet on Blocking in Idealized Simulations
Authors: Ding Hairu , Dong Li , Liu Kaijun , Lin Ting , Xie Zhiang , Zhang Bo , Wang Xiaoxue
Published: May 2024

As the only remaining ice sheet in the Northern Hemisphere, the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) plays a crucial role in influencing atmospheric circulations, particularly with its rapid melting under global warming. In this paper, the influences of GrIS topography and surface thermal conditions are investigated by a series of aquaplanet experiments. The results show that the GrIS topography induces stationary waves and favors more blocking events through the generation of negative potential vorticity (PV) anomalies, while it tends to suppress local storm activities through the induced stationary waves. The surface cooling center of the GrIS is found to strengthen the jet streams by enhancing the meridional temperature gradient and thermal wind, while it causes the PV and static stability to increase during near-Greenland blocking days, thereby disfavoring blocking onset. Altogether, the topography and surface thermal effects of GrIS appear to compete with each other so that the net effect would determine the final response. Nevertheless, nonlinearity is found in both GrIS-topography alone and GrIS-surface temperature alone experiments, where nonlinear responses of atmospheric circulation are detected when the GrIS topography height or surface temperature exceeds their critical values, respectively. Hence, through this study, the response of the blocking in the vicinity of Greenland to the combined effects of topography and surface thermal conditions may shed light on comprehending the underlying mechanism of blocking alteration in a changing climate.

Significance Statement

Although there have been numerous observation-based studies showing that the blocking around Greenland has increased over the past few decades, which is a predominant driver in accelerating the Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) melting, the reasons for this change are still unclear. In addition, the impact of GrIS on blocking still needs investigation. Through idealized aquaplanet simulations, this study examines the effect of GrIS’s topography and surface thermal conditions upon blocking onset. It suggests the nonlinearity of the blocking response in the vicinity of Greenland to the combined effects in the variation of the height and surface temperature of GrIS. This study will enhance our understanding of possible changes in blocking due to global warming.
Improving Short-Term, Near-Surface Temperature Forecasts by Integrating Weather Pattern Information into Model Output Statistics
Authors: Zech Matthias , von Bremen Lueder
Published: May 2024

Dynamical numerical weather prediction has remarkably improved over the last decades. Yet postprocessing techniques are needed to calibrate forecasts which are based on statistical and machine learning techniques. With recent advances in the derivation of year-round, large-scale atmospheric circulations, or weather regimes, the question arises of whether this information can be valuable within forecast postprocessing methods. This paper investigates this by proposing a bias correction scheme to integrate the atmospheric circulation state derived from empirical orthogonal functions, referred to as weather patterns, for deterministic short-term, near-surface temperature forecasts based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression. We propose a computational study which first evaluates different weather pattern definitions (spatial domain) to improve temperature forecasts in Europe. As a bias could be associated with the weather pattern at the model initialization time or at the realization time of the forecast, both variants are tested in this study. We show that forecasted weather patterns with the identical spatial domain as the forecast show best skill reaching mean-square-error skill improvements of up to 3% (day ahead) or 1% (week ahead). Only considering land surface improvements in Europe, improvements of 4%–6% for day-ahead forecasts and 1%–5% for week-ahead forecasts are observable. We believe that this study not only introduces a simple yet effective tool to reduce bias in temperature forecasts but also contributes to the active discussion of how valuable weather patterns are and how to use them within forecast calibration techniques.
Pathologic Outcomes of Short-Course and Long-Course Radiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancers Treated With Total Neoadjuvant Therapy
Authors: Williams Brian , Gupta Abhinav , Iype Priyanka , Woll Sabrina , Koller Sarah E. , Shin Joongho , Cologne Kyle G. , Lee Sang W. , Duldulao Marjun P.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is now the standard of care. Randomized trials suggest the use of short-course radiotherapy (SCRT) and long-course radiotherapy (LCRT) are oncologically equivalent.

Objective

To describe pathologic outcomes after surgical resections of patients receiving SCRT versus LCRT as part of TNT for LARC.

Participants

All patients with LARC treated at a single tertiary hospital who underwent proctectomy after completing TNT were included. Patients were excluded if adequate details of TNT were not available in the electronic medical record.

Results

A total of 53 patients with LARC were included. Thirty-nine patients (73.5%) received LCRT and 14 (26.4%) received SCRT. Forty-nine patients (92.5%) were clinical stage III (cN1-2) prior to treatment. The average lymph node yield after proctectomy was 20.9 for SCRT and 17.0 for LCRT ( P = .075). Of the 49 patients with clinically positive nodes before treatment, 76.9% of those who received SCRT and 72.2% of those who received LCRT achieved pN0 disease after TNT. Additionally, there were no significant differences in rates of pathologic complete response between patients who received SCRT and LCRT, 7.1% and 12.8%, respectively ( P = .565).

Conclusion

Pathologic outcomes of patients with LARC treated with SCRT or LCRT, as part of TNT, may be similar. Further prospective trials are needed to assess long-term clinical outcomes and to determine best treatment protocols.
Teaching Constant Rate-of-Change Problem-Solving to Secondary Students With or at Risk of Learning Disabilities
Authors: Bundock Kaitlin , Callan Gregory , McClain Maryellen Brunson , Benney Chandler M. , Longhurst David N. , Rolf Kristen R.
Published: May 2024

Rate of change (i.e., slope) is a critical mathematics concept for success in everyday life, academics, and professional careers. Students with or at risk of learning disabilities struggle with solving rate-of-change problems, especially word problems. Interventions that incorporate representations and problem-solving strategies are effective for improving the word problem-solving performance of students with disabilities. This multiple-probe, multiple-baseline, single-case design study evaluated the effects of an intervention that included an integrated, concrete-representational-abstract teaching framework with an embedded problem-solving strategy (POD Check) on students’ rate-of-change word problem-solving performance. The intervention was delivered virtually via video conferencing technology. Four middle- and high-school students with or at risk of mathematics learning disabilities in the Intermountain West participated in the intervention. Results indicate evidence of a functional relation between the intervention and students’ word problem-solving performance, and effects were maintained 2–4 weeks after the intervention. The findings of this study provide implications for mathematics intervention research and practice for students with learning disabilities.
Exploring the Situational Contexts of Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Adolescent Suicidality: A Partial Test of Minority Stress Theory
Authors: Mandatori Flavia , Paez Gabriel R. , Robinson Rhissa Briones , Severson Rachel E.
Published: May 2024

Data from the 2019 Minnesota Student Survey, consisting of 166,176 students ranging in age from 10 to 18 years, were used to investigate patterns of adolescent suicidal ideation and attempt through the lens of Minority Stress Theory (MST). Through a conjunctive analysis of case configurations (CACC), the current study demonstrates that adolescent suicidal ideation and attempt cluster significantly among specific situational profiles defined by the unique combination of variable attributes. Students most likely to indicate suicidal ideation were generally sexual minority females in high school who experienced cyberbullying, parental abuse, dating violence, and sexual abuse. Students least likely to report suicidal ideation were generally non-sexual minorities in elementary school who nearly never experienced parental abuse, dating violence, or sexual abuse. Results regarding adolescent suicide attempt indicate analogous results. The current findings highlight the importance of furthering research on contextual predictors of adolescent suicidality, with particular emphasis on sexual minority adolescents.
Imprinting and Workplace Well-Being among Generation Z Hotel Employees
Authors: Xiang Keheng , Wu Mao-Ying , Tong Yixuan , He Chenxi
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the dynamic imprinting processes that shape Generation Z hotel employees’ workplace well-being. An integrated research framework was built based on the insights of imprinting theory and positive psychology. Photo-elicitation interviews and narrative analysis were used as the key research techniques. Findings illuminate the dynamic processes of imprinting among Generation Z hotel employees, encompassing the formation, evolution, and outcomes of imprints which are originated from the employees’ childhood and adolescence. Six dimensions of workplace well-being, including self-drive, personalization, responsibility, tolerance, realization, and identification, are identified. The multi-dimensional workplace well-being emerges through the ongoing melting, regeneration, and manifestation of different kinds of imprints. This study offers theoretical contributions to imprinting theory, positive psychology, and employees’ wellbeing research. Practical implications are provided to attract and motivate young employees in the hotel industry.
Integral reinforcement learning–based adaptive fuzzy fault tolerant control of hypersonic flight vehicle
Authors: Hu Xiaoxiang , Li Ao , Xiao Bing , Lu Kunfeng , Wang Zhaolei
Published: May 2024

The fault tolerant control (FTC) of hypersonic flight vehicle (HFV) with actuator fault is proposed in this paper. The fault model considered in this paper is a general model which HFV may encounter in practice. For designing the FTC, the nonlinear model of HFV is represented by T-S fuzzy models, and policy iteration (PI) strategy is utilized to solve the design problem of T-S controller for the built T-S model of HFV without actuator fault. Then, based on the normal T-S controller, an adaptive fuzzy FTC controller is proposed, in which the feedback gain matrices can improve themselves according to the special fault. The stability of the proposed adaptive fuzzy FTC is proved by Lyapunov theory, and an integral reinforcement learning (IRL)–based solving algorithm is proposed. Simulations on three different kinds of actuator faults are proposed, and the simulation results show that, under three different faults, the designed adaptive FTC can ensure the reliable flight of HFV.
3D Ultrasound Shear Wave Elastography for Musculoskeletal Tissue Assessment Under Compressive Load: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Ranger Bryan J. , Moerman Kevin M. , Feigin Micha , Herr Hugh M. , Anthony Brian W.
Published: May 2024

Given its real-time capability to quantify mechanical tissue properties, ultrasound shear wave elastography holds significant promise in clinical musculoskeletal imaging. However, existing shear wave elastography methods fall short in enabling full-limb analysis of 3D anatomical structures under diverse loading conditions, and may introduce measurement bias due to sonographer-applied force on the transducer. These limitations pose numerous challenges, particularly for 3D computational biomechanical tissue modeling in areas like prosthetic socket design. In this feasibility study, a clinical linear ultrasound transducer system with integrated shear wave elastography capabilities was utilized to scan both a calibrated phantom and human limbs in a water tank imaging setup. By conducting 2D and 3D scans under varying compressive loads, this study demonstrates the feasibility of volumetric ultrasound shear wave elastography of human limbs. Our preliminary results showcase a potential method for evaluating 3D spatially varying tissue properties, offering future extensions to computational biomechanical modeling of tissue for various clinical scenarios.
Evolution of brain injury and neurological dysfunction after cardiac arrest in the rat – A multimodal and comprehensive model
Authors: Perego Carlo , Fumagalli Francesca , Motta Francesca , Cerrato Marianna , Micotti Edoardo , Olivari Davide , De Giorgio Daria , Merigo Giulia , Di Clemente Angelo , Mandelli Alessandra , Forloni Gianluigi , Cervo Luigi , Furlan Roberto , Latini Roberto , Neumar Robert W , Ristagno Giuseppe
Published: May 2024

Cardiac arrest (CA) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Due to hypoxic ischemic brain injury, CA survivors may experience variable degrees of neurological dysfunction. This study, for the first time, describes the progression of CA-induced neuropathology in the rat. CA rats displayed neurological and exploratory deficits. Brain MRI revealed cortical and striatal edema at 3 days (d), white matter (WM) damage in corpus callosum (CC), external capsule (EC), internal capsule (IC) at d7 and d14. At d3 a brain edema significantly correlated with neurological score. Parallel neuropathological studies showed neurodegeneration, reduced neuronal density in CA1 and hilus of hippocampus at d7 and d14, with cells dying at d3 in hilus. Microgliosis increased in cortex (Cx), caudate putamen (Cpu), CA1, CC, and EC up to d14. Astrogliosis increased earlier (d3 to d7) in Cx, Cpu, CC and EC compared to CA1 (d7 to d14). Plasma levels of neurofilament light (NfL) increased at d3 and remained elevated up to d14. NfL levels at d7 correlated with WM damage. The study shows the consequences up to 14d after CA in rats, introducing clinically relevant parameters such as advanced neuroimaging and blood biomarker useful to test therapeutic interventions in this model.
The shift from lament to praise in the psalms: A psychodynamic phenomenon
Authors: Strawn Brent A. , Strawn Brad D.
Published: May 2024

This article returns to the long-standing problem of the so-called ‘sudden shift of mood’ in the lament psalms, revisiting this shift from petition to praise from the perspective of contemporary psychoanalytic depth psychology, especially via insights offered by object relations psychology. In this light, the movement from lament to praise may be seen as a psychodynamic phenomenon related to, and witnessed in, the therapeutic processes of illumination, subtraction, and addition. This understanding of how the lament psalms work underscores how crucial the expression of mourning is to psychological health. To borrow terms from Walter Brueggemann, the psychological interpretation offered here demonstrates once again ‘the costly loss of lament’, but the high price in question extends beyond that identified by Brueggemann insofar as the subtractive therapeutic action at work in the grieving process is precisely what facilitates the restoration of psychological well-being.
3D virtual model for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy in highly-complex cases (PADUA ⩾ 10)
Authors: Grosso Antonio Andrea , Di Maida Fabrizio , Lambertini Luca , Cadenar Anna , Coco Simone , Ciaralli Elena , Salamone Vincenzo , Vittori Gianni , Tuccio Agostino , Mari Andrea , Minervini Andrea
Published: May 2024

Purpose:

To compare two cohorts of patients submitted to robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) for highly-complex renal masses (PADUA ⩾ 10) with versus without the use of 3DVMs.

Materials and Methods:

We screened a prospective consecutive cohort of 152 patients submitted to RAPN with 3DVM and 1264 patients submitted to RAPN without 3DVM between 2019 and 2022. Only PADUA ⩾ 10 cases were considered eligible for analysis. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was applied. Primary endpoint was to evaluate whereas RAPNs with 3DVM were superior in terms of functional outcomes at 12-month. Secondary outcomes were to compare perioperative and oncological outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression analyses (MVA) tested the associations of clinically significant eGFR drop and 3DVMs. Subgroups analysis was performed for PAUDA-risk categories.

Results:

Thirty seven patients for each group were analyzed after PSM. RAPN with 3DVM presented a higher rate of selective/no clamping procedure (32.5% vs 16.2%, p = 0.03) and a higher enucleation rate (43.2% vs 29.8%, p = 0.04). Twelve-month functional preservation performed better within 3DVM group in terms of creatinine serum level (median 1.2 [IQR 1.1–1.4] vs 1.6 [IQR 1.1–1.8], p = 0.03) and eGFR (median 64.6 [IQR 56.2–74.1] vs 52.3 [IQR 49.2–74.1], p = 0.03). MVA confirmed 3DVM as a protective factor for clinically significant eGFR drop in this subgroup of patients.

Conclusions:

RAPN performed with the use of 3DVM assistance for PADUA ⩾ 10 cases resulted in lower incidence of global ischemia and higher rate of enucleations. The positive impact of such technology was found at 12-month follow-up.
Working on the future of group analysis — the future of the past
Authors: Kecojević Miljević Snežana
Published: May 2024

If we observe group analysis as a figure in the social field, many changes in society undoubtedly shape it both as a theory, a therapeutic method and a form of training. That is how it was and will be. This shaping is slow, discreet but an active process of constant acculturation of both group analysis and group analysts. Wars, migrations, emigrations, cultural diversities create a need for a more flexible and culturally attuned profile of group analysts, who are not only capable of working with diversity, but also within diversity—actively reflecting on their own identity and experience even under the pressure and tormented by problems of preserving their own tent canvas. This is one possible future for group analysis, in the ever-increasing intertwining and cross-fertilization between human sciences such as sociology, history, anthropology, ethnology, linguistics, communicology, art, with no fear of diversity that threatens identity, with openness of new generation of group analysts to heteroglossia.
Working on the future of group analysis – scientific exploration of efficacy, concepts, and neurobiological connections
Authors: Pešić Danilo
Published: May 2024

This article addresses the imbalance in research focus, highlighting a pronounced emphasis on research in the American context compared to the field of group analysis, which is underscored by the identification of two literature reviews. The discussion delves into Lorentzen’s research contributions and the introduction of Focus Group Analytic Psychotherapy. Diverse perspectives on research are presented, with Nitsun and Lorentzen advocating for its importance, while Dalal takes a critical stance. The text investigates discrepancies within key concepts of group analysis, specifically the social unconscious, with Nitsun critiquing an undue emphasis on its significance and questioning its practical relevance in group settings. The relationship between group analysis and neuroscience is explored, shedding light on the reinterpretation of certain concepts through a neuroscientific lens, notably examining the framework of the neurobiology of intergroup relations. Ultimately, the article emphasizes the necessity of believing in and validating the advantages of collective thinking.
The Spatial Scale and Spread of Child Victimization
Authors: Barboza-Salerno Gia Elise , Thurston Holly , Freisthler Bridget
Published: May 2024

Previous research shows that large, densely populated urban areas have higher rates of child victimization that have persisted over time. However, few investigations have inquired about the processes that produce and sustain hot and cold spots of child victimization. As a result, the mechanisms that produce the observed spatial clustering of child victimization, and hence “why” harms against children tend to cluster in space, remains unknown. Does the likelihood of being a victim of violence in one location depend on a similar event happening in a nearby location within a specified timeframe? Rather, are child victims of violence more likely to reside in suboptimal neighborhood conditions? This paper aims to present an analytical and theoretical framework for distinguishing between these locational (point) processes to determine whether the empirical spatial patterns undergirding child victimization are more reflective of the “spread” via contagion (i.e., dependency) or whether they are produced by neighborhood structural inequality resulting from spatial heterogeneity. To detect spatial dependence, we applied the inhomogeneous K-function to Los Angeles Medical Examiner data on child homicide victim locations while controlling for regional differences in victimization events (i.e., heterogeneity). Our analysis found strong evidence of spatial clustering in child victimization at small spatial scales but inhibition at larger scales. We further found limited support for the spatiotemporal clustering of child victimization indicative of a contagion effect. Overall, our results support the role of neighborhood structural vulnerability in the underlying mechanisms producing patterns of child victimization across Los Angeles County. We conclude by discussing the policy implications for understanding this spatial patterning in geographical context and for developing effective and targeted preventive interventions.
Strength and formability improvement of ECARed aluminum alloy 6061 sheets using the artificial aging heat treatment
Authors: Gharib Amir Reza , Biglari Farid Reza
Published: May 2024

In the current research, the experimental investigation of the mechanical characteristics of 6061 aluminum alloy, which was subjected to Equal Channel Angular Rolling (ECAR) – A Severe Plastic Deformation Process – and artificial aging heat treatment, has been discussed. By performing the ECAR, the strength of the material increases, but the formability will be reduced. Consequently, the usage of this alloy has been limited. The artificial aging heat treatment process has been proposed after the ECAR operation, and the strength, hardness, and formability of the material have been investigated. In this regard, remarkable results were obtained. By controlling the aging time and temperature on the ECAR piece, not only the strength increased but also the ductility increased. Moreover, an artificial neural network was used to find the optimal aging time and temperature. Finally, the best aging time and temperature ranges to achieve the most desirable mechanical properties were provided using the neural network. The result show 150% increase in strength and 50% in formability by performing controlled-artificial aging heat treatment with ECAR process.
ChatGPT-4 as a journalist: Whose perspectives is it reproducing?
Authors: Breazu Petre , Katsos Napoleon
Published: May 2024

The rapid emergence of generative AI models in the media sector demands a critical examination of the narratives these models produce, particularly in relation to sensitive topics, such as politics, racism, immigration, public health, gender and violence, among others. The ease with which generative AI can produce narratives on sensitive topics raises concerns about potential harms, such as amplifying biases or spreading misinformation. Our study juxtaposes the content generated by a state-of-the-art generative AI, specifically ChatGPT-4, with actual articles from leading UK media outlets on the topic of immigration. Our specific case study focusses on the representation of Eastern European Roma migrants in the context of the 2016 UK Referendum on EU membership. Through a comparative critical discourse analysis, we uncover patterns of representation, inherent biases and potential discrepancies in representation between AI-generated narratives and mainstream media discourse with different political views. Preliminary findings suggest that ChatGPT-4 exhibits a remarkable degree of objectivity in its reporting and demonstrates heightened racial awareness in the content it produces. Moreover, it appears to consistently prioritise factual accuracy over sensationalism. All these features set it apart from right-wing media articles in our sample. This is further evidenced by the fact that, in most instances, ChatGPT-4 refrains from generating text or does so only after considerable adjustments when prompted with headlines that the model deems inflammatory. While these features can be attributed to the model’s diverse training data and model architecture, the findings invite further examination to determine the full scope of ChatGPT-4’s capabilities and its potential shortcomings in representing the full spectrum of social and political perspectives prevalent in society.
Effect of Cigarette Smoking on Postoperative Outcomes After Arthroscopic Bone Marrow Stimulation for Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
Authors: Cheng Xiangyun , Su Tong , Li Jian , Parekh Selene G. , Hu Yuelin , Jiao Chen , Guo Qinwei , Li Nan , Jiang Dong
Published: May 2024

Background:

Bone marrow stimulation (BMS) is presently considered first-line surgical treatment for osteochondral lesions of the talus (OLTs); however, some patients still experience pain or dysfunction after surgery, and the reasons for success or failure remain somewhat unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effect of smoking on postoperative outcomes after arthroscopic BMS for OLTs.

Methods:

Consecutive patients with OLTs who underwent BMS between January 2017 and January 2020 were included. Smokers were defined as patients who actively consumed cigarettes before surgery and postoperatively, whereas nonsmokers were patients who never smoked. Visual analog scale (VAS), American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society ankle hindfoot score (AOFAS), Karlsson-Peterson, and Tegner scores were assessed preoperatively and at follow-up. Additionally, a general linear model (GLM) was performed, followed by the interaction analysis to explore the potential influence of smoking.

Results:

The study enrolled 104 patients with a mean follow-up of 30.91 ± 7.03 months, including 28 smokers and 76 nonsmokers. There were no significant differences in patient age (35.2 ± 10.0 years vs 37.6 ± 9.7 years, P = .282) or OLT area (63.7 ± 38.7 mm2 vs 52.8 ± 37.0 mm2, P = .782). Both univariate analysis and GLM revealed that smoking was associated with worse postoperative pain levels, Karlsson-Peterson, and AOFAS scores ( P < .05). The interaction analysis showed a significant interaction between smoking and OLT area for postoperative Karlsson-Peterson scores (general ankle function) ( P = .031). Simple main effects analysis revealed that the negative effect of smoking on Tegner score significantly increased among patients >32 years old or with OLT area>50 mm2 ( P < .05).

Conclusion:

Smoking was associated with worse clinical outcomes following BMS of OLTs. As the size of OLTs increased, the difference in general ankle function between smokers and nonsmokers also increased. Furthermore, smokers who were older than 32 years or had larger OLTs were less likely to resume participation in high-level activities.
The Tihei Rangatahi Research Programme: tailoring a community-based youth empowerment programme for rangatahi Māori
Authors: Tupa’i-Firestone Ridvan , Davies (Ngāti Raukawa, Ngāti Wehi Wehi) Cheryl , Davies (Ngāti Raukawa, Ngāti Wehi Wehi) Renee , Fleming Terry , Te Morenga (Ngāti Whātua Orakei, Te Uri o Hau, Ngāpuhi, Te R Lisa , Kani Kingi (Ngāti Awa) Te , O’Connell Angelique , Matheson Anna , Brown Blakely , Ellision-Loschmann (Te Atiawa, Ngāi Tahu) Lis
Published: May 2024

Empowering Indigenous youth in their communities and within their own social-cultural contexts is an essential approach to developing their capacity as community advocators. We adapted an established youth empowerment programme for use among 51 Indigenous New Zealand youth. The key learnings of the programme reported: (a) youth highly rated their understanding and confidence across various social-health contexts based on the programmes’ stance of developing the youths’ knowledge and social change in understanding their own health and well-being as community catalysts; and (b) incorporating Māori (Indigenous people of New Zealand) worldview to their understandings of mental wellness was important because it enabled youth to understand mental health issues in a culturally relevant and safe way, this was positively compounded by having a strong identity as Māori. This study adds to a small body of literature on the use of empowerment programmes for improving the health and well-being of Indigenous youth.
Early trajectories and moderators of autistic language profiles: A longitudinal study in preschoolers
Authors: Latrèche Kenza , Godel Michel , Franchini Martina , Journal Fiona , Kojovic Nada , Schaer Marie
Published: May 2024

Both expressive and receptive language difficulties in autism emerge early and significantly have an impact on social functioning and quality of life. Despite their wide heterogeneity, autistic language abilities can be stratified into three distinct profiles. Language unimpaired exhibit near-typical verbal performance, language impaired show significant alterations in language structure, and minimally verbal display limited verbal abilities. However, little is known about the early trajectories and moderators specific to each profile. Here, we used a longitudinal sample of 286 preschoolers with autism and 85 typically developing (aged 1.5–5.7 years old), yielding 1164 visits. Our cluster analysis replicated the three well-established autistic language profiles (language unimpaired, n = 86; language impaired, n = 85; minimally verbal, n = 44) and revealed their specific early trajectories in expressive vocabulary, syntax, and pragmatics. At age 2.4, non-verbal cognition moderated the participants’ attribution to each language profile. Moreover, early stereotyped language specifically moderated the later verbal performance of language unimpaired participants, while the language outcome of language impaired participants was moderated by early intensive behavioral intervention. In conclusion, we provided a fine-grained description of language acquisition trajectories and moderators of autistic language profiles in a longitudinal sample exposed to French language, paving the way toward personalized medicine to autistic language difficulties.

Lay Abstract

Language development can greatly vary among autistic children. Children who struggle with language acquisition often face many challenges and experience lower quality of life. However, little is known about the early language trajectories of autistic preschoolers and their moderators. Autistic language can be stratified into three profiles. Language unimpaired experience little to no language difficulties; language impaired show significant difficulties in language; minimally verbal never develop functional language. In this study, we used a longitudinal sample of preschoolers with autism and with typical development (aged 1.5–5.7 years). We replicated the three language profiles through a data-driven approach. We also found that different factors modulated the language outcome within each group. For instance, non-verbal cognition at age 2.4 moderated the participants’ attribution to each language profile. Moreover, early intervention moderated verbal outcome in the language impaired profile. In conclusion, we provided a detailed description of how autistic preschoolers acquire language, and what factors might influence their trajectories. Our findings could inspire more personalized intervention for early autistic language difficulties.
Dependency denial in crisis: Revisiting feminist critiques of dualism
Authors: Hoppe Katharina
Published: May 2024

Social theories – from classical accounts to more recent relational theories to feminist and postcolonial approaches – have characterized modernity as an age of proliferating dependency relationships, which, however, enable autonomy as a central value of this very modernity. This tension at the heart of modernity has led societies to deny these dependencies. Recently, crisis dynamics have precipitated abrupt realizations of dependencies on phenomena that are invisibilized, inferiorized and devalued in modern societies. The respective ‘other of reason’ on which autonomous subjectivity depends – including nature, reproduction and the body – increasingly makes itself felt. The underlying logic of dependency denial can be illuminated by revisiting the feminist critique of dualism that offers three ways to overcome dualist thought: dialectics, entanglement and tension. The article discusses these three options in order to develop a normative compass facilitating a critical perspective on dependency denial and its failure in light of current crises.
Digital fatigue cracking test and fatigue life assessment of rib-deck joints in orthotropic steel decks
Authors: Wang Junming , Zhao Tianqi , Hu Xiao , Gou Hongye
Published: May 2024

The orthotropic steel decks (OSDs) are vulnerable to fatigue fractures, which will inevitably impair the normal service of the steel bridge panels. To determine the impact of the initial cracks on the fatigue life, this study constructed an evaluation model of the OSD rib-to-deck joints crack based on the fracture mechanics principle. And combined it with the multi-scale finite element analysis model, the digital fatigue test model of the whole bridge was established. Research shows: A typical I-II-III composite crack with the supremacy of type I crack can be seen in the OSD rib-to-deck joints. Fatigue cracks developed at the deck weld toe dominate the fatigue failure mode. Further research revealed that as the depth of cracks increased, the stress on the cross-section was redistributed. The intensity factor then displayed a trend of growing and then gradually flattening or even dropping. Based on the relationship between cracks of different depths and the remaining life of the OSDs, recommendations are given for bridge maintenance. The multi-scale digital fatigue test can provide analysis and simulation methods for the fatigue crack propagation in the steel bridge deck of the bridge in operation.
Longitudinal low-frequency vibration control of a propeller-shafting system using a hydraulic leveraged dynamic anti-resonance vibration isolator: A theoretical and experimental study
Authors: Liu Niuniu , Lei Xianliang , Xue Xin
Published: May 2024

The longitudinal fluctuating forces of a propeller are a major cause of sound radiation of an underwater vehicle in the low frequency range. A hydraulic leveraged dynamic anti-resonance vibration isolator (HLVI) is proposed to attenuate the longitudinal vibration of a shaft system transmitted to the hull. The semi-analytical model of the shafting system with and without the isolator is set up by employing the frequency response synthesis method, in which the elasticity of the foundation is taken into consideration. Compared to the traditional isolation scheme and DVA, the proposed control scheme will not change the longitudinal effective stiffness and needs a small mass to attenuate the longitudinal vibration of the shafting system. A parametric study was conducted to investigate the key parameters of the isolator and their impact on its isolation performance. An experimental apparatus is set up to validate the isolation scheme. The acceleration frequency response results of the shafting system under axial excitation with both the frequency sweep method and discrete sinusoidal frequencies are presented and discussed. The results indicate that the proposed method is capable of attenuating the corresponding longitudinal vibration of the shafting system.
Intersections of Intimate Partner Violence and Natural Disasters: A Systematic Review of the Quantitative Evidence
Authors: Boddy Jennifer , Harris Celeste , O’Leary Patrick , Hohenhaus Madeleine , Bond Christine , Panagiotaros Christopher , Holdsworth Leah
Published: May 2024

Natural disasters and extreme weather events are increasing in both intensity and frequency. Emerging evidence suggests that there is a relationship between intimate partner violence (IPV) and natural disasters. However, there is a scarcity of methodologically sound research in this area with no systematic review to date. To address the gap, this paper systematically assesses the quantitative evidence on the association between IPV with natural disasters between 1990 and March 2023. There were 27 articles that meet the inclusion criteria for the data extraction process. A quantitative critical appraisal tool was used to assess the quality of each study and a narrative synthesis approach to explore the findings. The review found an association between IPV and disasters, across disaster types and countries. However, more research is needed to explore the nuances and gaps within the existing knowledge base. It was unclear whether this relationship was causal or if natural disasters heightened existing risk factors. Further, it is inconclusive as to whether disasters create new cases of IPV or exacerbate existing violence. The majority of studies focused on hurricanes and earthquakes with a dearth of research on “slow onset disasters.” These gaps represent the need for further research. Further research can provide a more thorough understanding of IPV and natural disasters, increasing stakeholders’ ability to strengthen community capacity and reduce IPV when natural disasters occur.
Health Impact of Racism-Based Experiences Among Black African Immigrant Adults in the United States: An Integrative Review
Authors: Motley Robert O. , Walker Danielle T. , Willock Jamelia , Byansi William
Published: May 2024

Racism-based experiences among Black African immigrants in the United States are a growing concern due to the prevalence of these events and risk for negative health (mental, behavioral, and physical) outcomes. This integrative review appraised published studies (2012–2023) addressing the relationship between racism-based experiences and adverse health for Black African immigrants. Articles were identified using structured search terms in several databases (APA PsycINFO, CINAHL, PubMed, Web of Science), Google Scholar, and citation mining. A total of fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies found a significant positive association between racism-based experiences and adverse mental ( n = 9), behavioral ( n = 3), and physical ( n = 2) health outcomes. Racism-based experiences appear to have mental, behavioral, and physical health consequences for Black African immigrant adults. Given the growing population of Black African immigrants in the United States, more work is needed to elucidate the relationship between racism-based experiences and negative health outcomes.
The Effectiveness of Schema Therapy in Individuals Who Committed Crimes: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sousa Marta , Gouveia Cláudia , Cunha Olga , de Castro Rodrigues Andreia
Published: May 2024

Research suggests that individuals who commit crimes often exhibit various early maladaptive schemas (EMSs). EMSs are a broad and pervasive theme or pattern consisting of memories, emotions, cognitions, and bodily sensations concerning oneself and one’s relationships with others. Furthermore, EMSs play a crucial role in the onset and maintenance of different types of offending behaviors, highlighting the need to implement schema therapy (ST) for perpetrators. Therefore, the present systematic review assesses the effectiveness of ST for individuals who committed crimes. Four databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Scielo) were searched for studies examining the effectiveness of ST for individuals who committed crimes. Seventeen studies were identified, but only 15 met the criteria for inclusion. Results showed that ST can lead to beneficial effects in EMSs, schema modes, personality symptoms, and risk factors to commit crimes (e.g., cognitive distortions). However, the studies, besides being scarce, revealed some methodological limitations. ST is a promising therapy for individuals who committed crimes, despite the studies’ methodological shortcomings, which prevent us from drawing more firm conclusions. Although promising, more research is needed to enhance our understanding of the impact of ST therapies in forensic settings.
Fabric image retrieval based on decoupling of texture and color feature
Authors: Wang Menglei , Wang Jingan , Zhang Ning , Xiang Jun , Gao Weidong
Published: May 2024

Fabric image retrieval, a form of content based image retrieval, is a high value research with the potential to be applied in many fields, such as e-commerce and inventory management. However, this research hotspot is plagued by two major challenges, namely the high requirements for retrieval results and the peculiarities of fabric images. Unlike general image retrieval, fabric image retrieval systems have to pay more attention to texture and color features. To address these challenges, we propose a novel framework for fabric retrieval by using self-supervised and deep hashing techniques. The framework consists of two modules for feature learning and hashing learning. During the feature learning phase, the color and texture information in the image is decoupled under the drive of augmented based pretext tasks. In hashing learning, Bi-half layer is introduced to generate high-quality hash codes. The visualization results indicate that the proposed method performs well for the representation of fabric images. And the experimental results show that the proposed retrieval framework can achieve a good performance (best mAP 0.903) and outperforms other methods, including several deep hashing methods and our previous work.
Digital health competencies and affecting factors among healthcare professionals: additional findings from a systematic review
Authors: Longhini Jessica , Rossettini Giacomo , Palese Alvisa
Published: May 2024

Introduction:

In recent decades, nurses’ and healthcare professionals’ digital health competencies have emerged as key factors in enabling the digital healthcare transformation. Therefore, this review aims to describe the level of digital health competencies among nurses and healthcare professionals and the factors affecting them.

Methods:

We performed an additional analysis of a database populated in our original systematic review by identifying the data set, evaluating its appropriateness to the research questions, and performing the data analysis. Four areas of digital health competencies among nurses and healthcare professionals emerged: ‘self-rated competencies’, ‘psychological and emotional aspects toward the use of digital technologies’, ‘knowledge about digital technologies’ and ‘use of digital technologies’. Item scores and affecting factors have been extracted and classified into poor, moderate and good levels of digital health competencies; factors have been categorised and then summarised.

Results:

‘Use of digital technologies’ was the area with the highest prevalence of poor-level scores, whereas the ‘knowledge about digital technologies’ had a good level of competence. Across categories, most of the items’ scores reflected a moderate level of competence. The main factors affecting digital health competencies in nursing were being younger, more educated, having positive collegial nurse–physician relationships and participating in hospital business.

Discussion:

Digital health competence might be further improved. Educators, policymakers and nurse managers should develop educational nursing programmes and opportunities by acting on the modifiable factors to develop digital health competencies.