bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is the final size of turbulent mixing zones driven by the Faraday instability?
Authors: Gréa B.-J. , Ebo Adou A.
Published: December 2017

Miscible fluids of different densities subjected to strong time-periodic accelerations normal to their interface can mix due to Faraday instability effects. Turbulent fluctuations generated by this mechanism lead to the emergence and the growth of a mixing layer. Its enlargement is gradually slowed down as the resonance conditions driving the instability cease to be fulfilled. The final state corresponds to a saturated mixing zone in which the turbulence intensity progressively decays. A new formalism based on second-order correlation spectra for the turbulent quantities is introduced for this problem. This method allows for the prediction of the final mixing zone size and extends results from classical stability analysis limited to weakly nonlinear regimes. We perform at various forcing frequencies and amplitudes a large set of homogeneous and inhomogeneous numerical simulations, extensively exploring the influence of initial conditions. The mixing zone widths, measured at the end of the simulations, are satisfactorily compared to the predictions, and bring a strong support to the proposed theory. The flow dynamics is also studied and reveals the presence of sub-harmonic as well as harmonic modes depending on the initial parameters in the Mathieu phase diagram. Important changes in the flow anisotropy, corresponding to the large scale structures of turbulence, occur. This phenomenon appears directly related to the orientation of the most amplified gravity waves excited in the system, evolving due to the enlargement of the mixing zone.
Transport of anisotropic particles under waves
Authors: DiBenedetto Michelle H. , Ouellette Nicholas T. , Koseff Jeffrey R.
Published: December 2017

Using a numerical model, we analyse the effects of shape on both the orientation and transport of anisotropic particles in wavy flows. The particles are idealized as prolate and oblate spheroids, and we consider the regime of small Stokes and particle Reynolds numbers. We find that the particles preferentially align into the shear plane with a mean orientation that is solely a function of their aspect ratio. This alignment, however, differs from the Jeffery orbits that occur in the residual shear flow (that is, the Stokes drift velocity field) in the absence of waves. Since the drag on an anisotropic particle depends on its alignment with the flow, this preferred orientation determines the effective drag on the particles, which in turn impacts their net downstream transport. We also find that the rate of alignment of the particles is not constant and depends strongly on their initial orientation; thus, variations in initial particle orientation result in dispersion of anisotropic-particle plumes. We show that this dispersion is a function of the particle’s eccentricity and the ratio of the settling and wave time scales. Due to this preferential alignment, we find that a plume of anisotropic particles in waves is on average transported farther but dispersed less than it would be if the particles were randomly oriented. Our results demonstrate that accurate prediction of the transport of anisotropic particles in wavy environments, such as microplastic particles in the ocean, requires the consideration of these preferential alignment effects.
A hybrid lattice Boltzmann and finite difference method for droplet dynamics with insoluble surfactants
Authors: Liu Haihu , Ba Yan , Wu Lei , Li Zhen , Xi Guang , Zhang Yonghao
Published: December 2017

Droplet dynamics in microfluidic applications is significantly influenced by surfactants. It remains a research challenge to model and simulate droplet behaviour including deformation, breakup and coalescence, especially in the confined microfluidic environment. Here, we propose a hybrid method to simulate interfacial flows with insoluble surfactants. The immiscible two-phase flow is solved by an improved lattice Boltzmann colour-gradient model which incorporates a Marangoni stress resulting from non-uniform interfacial tension, while the convection–diffusion equation which describes the evolution of surfactant concentration in the entire fluid domain is solved by a finite difference method. The lattice Boltzmann and finite difference simulations are coupled through an equation of state, which describes how surfactant concentration influences interfacial tension. Our method is first validated for the surfactant-laden droplet deformation in a three-dimensional (3D) extensional flow and a 2D shear flow, and then applied to investigate the effect of surfactants on droplet dynamics in a 3D shear flow. Numerical results show that, at low capillary numbers, surfactants increase droplet deformation, due to reduced interfacial tension by the average surfactant concentration, and non-uniform effects from non-uniform capillary pressure and Marangoni stresses. The role of surfactants on the critical capillary number ($Ca_{cr}$) of droplet breakup is investigated for various confinements (defined as the ratio of droplet diameter to wall separation) and Reynolds numbers. For clean droplets,$Ca_{cr}$first decreases and then increases with confinement, and the minimum value of$Ca_{cr}$is reached at a confinement of 0.5; for surfactant-laden droplets,$Ca_{cr}$exhibits the same variation in trend for confinements lower than 0.7, but, for higher confinements,$Ca_{cr}$is almost a constant. The presence of surfactants decreases$Ca_{cr}$for each confinement, and the decrease is also attributed to the reduction in average interfacial tension and non-uniform effects, which are found to prevent droplet breakup at low confinements but promote breakup at high confinements. In either clean or surfactant-laden cases,$Ca_{cr}$first remains almost unchanged and then decreases with increasing Reynolds number, and a higher confinement or Reynolds number favours ternary breakup. Finally, we study the collision of two equal-sized droplets in a shear flow in both surfactant-free and surfactant-contaminated systems with the same effective capillary numbers. It is identified that the non-uniform effects in the near-contact interfacial region immobilize the interfaces when two droplets are approaching each other and thus inhibit their coalescence.
Gas slip flow in a fracture: local Reynolds equation and upscaled macroscopic model
Authors: Zaouter Tony , Lasseux Didier , Prat Marc
Published: December 2017

The slightly compressible flow of a gas in the slip regime within a rough fracture featuring a heterogeneous aperture field is analysed in depth in this work. Starting from the governing Navier–Stokes, continuity and gas state law equations together with a first-order slip boundary condition at the impermeable walls of the fracture, the two-dimensional slip-corrected Reynolds model is first derived, which is shown to be second-order-accurate in the local slope of the roughness asperities while being first-order-accurate in the Knudsen number. Focusing the interest on the flow-rate to pressure-gradient relationship over a representative element of the fracture, an upscaling procedure is applied to the local Reynolds equation using the method of volume averaging, providing a macroscopic model for which the momentum conservation equation has a Reynolds-like form. The effective macroscopic transmissivity tensor, which is characteristic of the representative element, is shown to be given by a closure problem that is non-intrinsic to the geometrical structure of the fracture only due to the slip effect. An expansion to the first order in the Knudsen number is carried out on the closure, yielding a decomposition of the effective transmissivity tensor into its purely viscous part and its slip correction, both being given by the solution of intrinsic closure subproblems. Numerical validations of the solution to the closure problem are performed with analytical predictions for simple fracture geometries. Comparison between the macroscopic transmissivity tensor, obtained from the solution of the closure problem, and its first-order approximation is illustrated on a randomly rough correlated Gaussian fracture.
TRANS-SAHARAN GOLD TRADE AND BYZANTINE COINAGE
Authors: Phillipson David W
Published: December 2017

It is often argued that northward trade in gold from sub-Saharan West Africa began after the establishment of Islamic control late in the seventh centuryad. This paper questions that conclusion, and suggests that minting at Carthage of the Byzantine gold coins known as globular solidi was related to the acquisition of metal through developing trans-Saharan contacts. Political developments in the late sixth century may have interrupted the supply of gold to Byzantine Carthage; this problem intensified during the following decades when production of globular solidi began. It is suggested that trans-Saharan imports comprised gold that was cast, for export and apparently also for local circulation, at Tadmekka in north-eastern Mali and perhaps elsewhere, into lumps of standardised weight calculated to meet the needs of the Byzantine mint at Carthage. Preliminary archaeometallurgical investigations provide some degree of support for this hypothesis, and further analyses are planned that may identify the sources of the gold minted in seventh-century Carthage. If and when such detail becomes available, it may have major implications for our understanding of the nature and instigation of ancient trans-Saharan connections.
Art and the Artist in the Lutheran Reformation: Johannes Mathesius and Joachimsthal
Authors: Brown Christopher Boyd
Published: December 2017

Luther's student Johann Mathesius, longtime pastor in the Bohemian mining town of Joachimsthal, provides a lens for seeing early modern art and artists through Lutheran eyes, challenging modern interpretations of the dire consequences of the Reformation for the visual arts.1For Mathesius, pre-Reformation art provided not only evidence of old idolatry but also testimony to the preservation of Evangelical faith under the papacy. After the Reformation, Joachimsthal's Lutherans were active in commissioning new works of art to fill the first newly built Protestant church, including an altarpiece from Lucas Cranach's workshop. Mathesius's appreciation of this art includes not only its biblical and doctrinal content but also its aesthetic quality. In an extended sermon on the construction of the Tabernacle in Exodus 31, Mathesius draws on Luther's theology of the special inspiration of the “great men” of world history to develop a Lutheran theology of artistic inspiration, in which artists are endowed by the Holy Spirit with extraordinary skills and special creative gifts, intended to be used in service of the neighbor by adorning the divinely appointed estates of government, church, and household.
THE LIBERTY OF PROGRESS: INCREASING RETURNS, INSTITUTIONS, AND ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Authors: Boettke Peter J. , Candela Rosolino A.
Published: December 2017

This essay argues that liberty generates progress via the generalized increasing returns to commercial activity. These increasing returns to expanding commercial activity follow from the gradual, cumulative process of institutionalizing particular liberties. As a society adopts an institutional framework from accumulated liberties, there is greater scope for productive specialization and social cooperation under the division of labor. Greater scope for market exchange also delivers social norms and commercial values that tolerate experimentation and innovation. Taken together, the accumulation and institutionalization of liberties gives rise to generalized increasing returns to commercial activity. It is through this cumulative process that the creative powers of a free civilization are unleashed, delivering societies from poverty and subjugation.
PROGRESS AND PROSPERITY IN ADAM SMITH’S NATURAL LIBERTY: FANCIES OF MANKIND
Authors: Samões Orlando
Published: December 2017

In this essay I aim to understand how Adam Smith predicted the progress and prosperity of a commercial society and analyze the main attributes of his natural liberty system. I examine the meaning and implications of prosperity in Smith’s thought. Finally, I analyze the role of the division of labor and parsimony in the overall process of societal advancement.
Monitoring the changes to the nutrient composition of fast foods following the introduction of menu labelling in New South Wales, Australia: an observational study
Authors: Wellard-Cole Lyndal , Goldsbury David , Havill Michelle , Hughes Clare , Watson Wendy L , Dunford Elizabeth K , Chapman Kathy
Published: December 2017

Objective

The present study examined the energy (kilojoule) content of Australian fast-food menu items over seven years, before and after introduction of menu board labelling, to determine the impact of the introduction of the legislation.

Design

Analysis of the median energy contents per serving and per 100g of fast-food menu items. Change in energy content of menu items across the years surveyed and differences in energy content of standard and limited-time only menu items were analysed.

Setting

Five of Australia’s largest fast food chains: Hungry Jack’s, KFC, McDonald’s, Oporto and Red Rooster.

Subjects

All standard and limited-time only menu items available at each fast-food chain, collected annually for seven years, 2009–2015.

Results

Although some fast-food chains/menu item categories had significant increases in the energy contents of their menus at some time points during the 7-year period, overall there were no significant or systematic decreases in energy following the introduction of menu labelling (P=0·19 by +17 kJ/100 g,P=0·83 by +8 kJ/serving). Limited-time only items were significantly higher in median energy content per 100 g than standard menu items (+74 kJ/100 g,P=0·002).

Conclusions

While reformulation across the entire Australian fast-food supply has the potential to positively influence population nutrient intake, the introduction of menu labelling legislation in New South Wales, Australia did not lead to reduced energy contents across the five fast-food chains. To encourage widespread reformulation by the fast-food industry and enhance the impact of labelling legislation, the government should work with industry to set targets for reformulation of nutrient content.
Is spirituality related to survival in advanced cancer inpatients in Korea?
Authors: Shin Dong Wook , Suh Sang-Yeon , Kim Sun-Hyun , Park Jeanno , Yoon Seok Joon , Kim Yu Jung , Kang Beodeul , Kwon Jung Hye , Park Youngmin , Park Kwonoh , Hui David , Kim Hyeon Jeong , Himchak Sanghwa , Lee Sanghee Shiny , Ahn Hong-Yup
Published: December 2017

Objective

Spirituality is what gives people meaning and purpose in life, and it has been recognized as a critical factor in patients’ well-being, particularly at the ends of their lives. Studies have demonstrated relationships between spirituality and patient-reported outcomes such as quality of life and mental health. Although a number of studies have suggested that spiritual belief can be associated with mortality, the results are inconsistent. We aimed to determine whether spirituality was related to survival in advanced cancer inpatients in Korea.

Method

For this multicenter study, we recruited adult advanced cancer inpatients who had been admitted to seven palliative care units with estimated survival of <3 months. We measured spirituality at admission using the Korean version of the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy-Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-sp), which comprises two subscales: meaning/peace and faith. We calculated a Kaplan-Meier curve for spirituality, dichotomized at the predefined cutoffs and medians for the total scale and each of the two subscales, and performed univariate regression with a Cox proportional hazard model.

Result

We enrolled a total of 204 adults (mean age: 64.5 ± 13.0; 48.5% female) in the study. The most common primary cancer diagnoses were lung (21.6%), colorectal (18.6%), and liver/biliary tract (13.0%). Median survival was 19.5 days (95% confidence interval [CI95%]: 23.5, 30.6). Total FACIT-sp score was not related to survival time (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.981, CI95% = 0.957, 1.007), and neither were the scores for its two subscales, meaning/peace (HR = 0.969, CI95% = 0.932, 1.008) and faith (HR = 0.981, CI95% = 0.938, 1.026).

Significance of results

Spirituality was not related to survival in advanced cancer inpatients in Korea. Plausible mechanisms merit further investigation.
THE CONCEPTHORSEIS A CONCEPT
Authors: KLEV ANSTEN
Published: December 2017

I offer an analysis of the sentence ‘the concepthorseis a concept’. It will be argued that the grammatical subject of this sentence, ‘the concepthorse’, indeed refers to a concept, and not to an object, as Frege once held. The argument is based on a criterion of proper-namehood according to which an expression is a proper name if it is so rendered in Frege’s ideography. The predicate ‘is a concept’, on the other hand, should not be thought of as referring to a function. It will be argued that the analysis of sentences of the form ‘Cis a concept’ requires the introduction of a new form of statement. Such statements are not to be thought of as having function–argument form, but rather the structure subject–copula–predicate.
Enhanced wound healing in diabetic rats by nanofibrous scaffolds mimicking the basketweave pattern of collagen fibrils in native skin
Authors: Sun Luyao , Gao Wendong , Fu Xiaoling , Shi Miao , Xie Weihan , Zhang Wen , Zhao Fujian , Chen Xiaofeng
Published: December 2017

We fabricated biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds with crossed fiber organization, which possess the potential utility for chronic wound repair.
Synthesis of imidazole-activated ribonucleotides using cyanogen chloride
Authors: Yi Ruiqin , Hongo Yayoi , Fahrenbach Albert C.
Published: December 2017

Just add cyanide and bleach! Aqueous cyanide anion, hypochlorous acid, imidazole and ribonucleoside 5′-monophosphate furnish in one-pot the chemically activated 5′-phosphorimidazolides.
Circular DNA: a stable probe for highly efficient mRNA imaging and gene therapy in living cells
Authors: Li Jingying , Zhou Jie , Liu Tong , Chen Shan , Li Juan , Yang Huanghao
Published: December 2017

We integrated circular DNA with graphene oxide to fabricate improved platforms for highly efficient imaging and therapy in living cells.
3-D and electrically conducting functional skin mapping for biomedical applications
Authors: Fu Xiaoxu , Zeng Wenqiu , Ramírez-Pérez Ana C. , Lisak Grzegorz
Published: December 2017

Ex situ and in situ 3-D and electrically conducting mapping of the skin topography via electropolymerization of a conducting polymer on a previously sampled skin stamp or directly on the skin of a live human subject were performed here with the intention to be further used in biomedical applications.
Universal absolute quantification of biomolecules using element mass spectrometry and generic standards
Authors: Calderón-Celis Francisco , Sanz-Medel Alfredo , Encinar Jorge Ruiz
Published: December 2017

Standardless highly sensitive ICP-MS approach for the absolute and simultaneous quantification of important target biomolecules in life sciences.
Polyoxometalates in the Hofmeister series
Authors: Buchecker Thomas , Schmid Philipp , Renaudineau Séverine , Diat Olivier , Proust Anna , Pfitzner Arno , Bauduin Pierre
Published: December 2017

We propose a simple experimental procedure based on the cloud point measurement of a non-ionic surfactant as a tool for (i) estimating the super-chaotropic behaviour of polyoxometalates (POMs) and for (ii) establishing a classification of POMs according to their affinity towards polar surfaces.
Palladium-catalyzed enantioselective C(sp2)–H arylation of ferrocenyl ketones enabled by a chiral transient directing group
Authors: Xu Jiancong , Liu Yang , Zhang Jinling , Xu Xiaohua , Jin Zhong
Published: December 2017

A carboxylate-assisted palladium-catalyzed enantioselective C(sp2)–H arylation of ferrocenyl ketones is achieved through utilizing catalyticl-tert-leucine as a chiral transient directing group.
Kinetics of thermal cis–trans isomerization in a phototropic azobenzene-based single-component liquid crystal in its nematic and isotropic phases
Authors: Miniewicz Andrzej , Orlikowska Hanna , Sobolewska Anna , Bartkiewicz Stanislaw
Published: December 2017

Kinetics of thermal cis–trans isomerization of the single-component azobenzene-based phototropic liquid crystal in its isotropic liquid and nematic phases is studied.
Far-red fluorescent probes for canonical and non-canonical nucleic acid structures: current progress and future implications
Authors: Suseela Y. V. , Narayanaswamy Nagarjun , Pratihar Sumon , Govindaraju Thimmaiah
Published: December 2017

Our review presents the recent progress on far-red fluorescent probes of canonical and non-canonical nucleic acid (NA) structures, critically discusses the design principles, applications, limitations and outline the future prospects of developing newer probes with target-specificity for different NA structures.
Two polymorphic Co(ii) field-induced single-ion magnets with enormous angular distortion from the ideal octahedron
Authors: Nemec I. , Herchel R. , Trávníček Z.
Published: December 2017

A mononuclear complex [Co(neo)(PhCOO)2] was prepared in two polymorphic forms, which both possess large magnetic anisotropy with different degrees of rhombicity. Furthermore, both polymorphs behave as field-induced single-ion magnets.
Steric control in the metal–ligand electron transfer of iminopyridine–ytterbocene complexes
Authors: Trifonov Alexander A. , Mahrova Tatyana V. , Luconi Lapo , Giambastiani Giuliano , Lyubov Dmitry M. , Cherkasov Anton V. , Sorace Lorenzo , Louyriac Elisa , Maron Laurent , Lyssenko Konstantin A.
Published: December 2017

A systematic study of reactions between Cp*2Yb(THF) and iminopyridine ligands featuring similar electron accepting properties but variable denticity and steric demand, has provided a new example of steric control on the redox chemistry of ytterbocenes.
Nanostructured shuriken-like BiVO4 with preferentially exposed {010} facets: preparation, formation mechanism, and enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Zhao Guosheng , Liu Wei , Hao Yan , Zhang Zhuo , Li Qing , Zang Shuliang
Published: December 2017

The synthesis, formation mechanism, and application of nanostructured shuriken-like BiVO4 with preferentially exposed {010} facets have been reported.
Emerging electrochemical and membrane-based systems to convert low-grade heat to electricity
Authors: Rahimi Mohammad , Straub Anthony P. , Zhang Fang , Zhu Xiuping , Elimelech Menachem , Gorski Christopher A. , Logan Bruce E.
Published: December 2017

Low-grade heat from geothermal sources and industrial plants is a significant source of sustainable power that has great potential to be converted to electricity.
Synthesis of 1′-tetrazolylmethyl-spiro[pyrrolidine-3,3′-oxindoles] via two coupled one-pot processes Ugi-azide/Pictet–Spengler and oxidative spiro-rearrangement
Authors: Alvarez-Rodríguez Nancy V. , Islas-Jácome Alejandro , Rentería-Gómez Angel , Cárdenas-Galindo Luis E. , Unnamatla M. V. Basavanag , Gámez-Montaño Rocío
Published: December 2017

Synthesis of bis- and tris-heterocycles via one-pot I-MCR/PS cyclization/further one-pot oxidative spiro-rearrangement.
A hydrogen sulfide triggered self-immolative fluorescent probe for lysosome labeling in live cells
Authors: Velusamy Nithya , Thirumalaivasan Natesan , Bobba Kondapa Naidu , Wu Shu-Pao , Bhuniya Sankarprasad
Published: December 2017

We developed a naphthalimide-based, lysosome-targeting, and self-immolative fluorescent probe for H2S detection.
Evidence of lying molecules in the structure of the most condensed phase of semi-fluorinated alkane monolayers
Authors: Fontaine Philippe , Bardin Lisa , Fauré Marie-Claude , Filipe Eduardo J. M. , Goldmann Michel
Published: December 2017

In situ GISAXS demontrates the presence of lying molecule coronae around upright molecule domains in semifluorinated alkane monolayers.
Using PEGylated magnetic nanoparticles to describe the EPR effect in tumor for predicting therapeutic efficacy of micelle drugs
Authors: Chen Ling , Zang Fengchao , Wu Haoan , Li Jianzhong , Xie Jun , Ma Ming , Gu Ning , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2017

Magnetic nanoparticles were fabricated to describe the EPR effect of tumor for predicting therapeutic efficacy of micelle drugs.
A BF3·Et2O catalyzed atom-economical approach to highly substituted indole-3-carbinols from nitrosobenzenes and propargylic alcohols
Authors: Muthusamy Sengodagounder , Balasubramani Alagesan , Suresh Eringathodi
Published: December 2017

The BF3·Et2O catalyzed tandem reaction of nitrosobenzenes and propargylic alcohols for the formation of highly substituted indole-3-carbinols.
Inexpensive multigram-scale synthesis of cyclic enamines and 3-N spirocyclopropyl systems
Authors: Kumar Pratik , Zainul Omar , Laughlin Scott T.
Published: December 2017

Cyclic enamines are important synthons for many synthetic and pharmacological targets. We report a method for the synthesis of cyclic enamines with exocyclic double bonds and four- to seven-membered rings that permits usage of common N-protecting groups and tolerates functionality round the ring system.
Synthesis of spiro-tetrahydrothiopyran-oxindoles by Michael–aldol cascade reactions: discovery of potential P53-MDM2 inhibitors with good antitumor activity
Authors: Wang Shengzheng , Chen Shuqiang , Guo Zhongjie , He Shipeng , Zhang Fan , Liu Xueying , Chen Weiping , Zhang Shengyong , Sheng Chunquan
Published: December 2017

Novel one-pot Michael–aldol cascade reactions were used to efficiently construct spiro-tetrahydrothiopyran-oxindoles with good in vitro antitumor activity.
Nonadditive interactions and phase transitions in strongly confined colloidal systems
Authors: Vasilyev Oleg A. , Dietrich S. , Kondrat Svyatoslav
Published: December 2017

Narrow confinements affect drastically solvent-mediated interactions, leading to strong non-additivity, slit-width dependent phase behaviour, and bridging transitions.
3D self-supported hierarchical core/shell structured MnCo2O4@CoS arrays for high-energy supercapacitors
Authors: Liu Guijing , Wang Bo , Liu Tong , Wang Lei , Luo Hao , Gao Tiantian , Wang Fei , Liu Anmin , Wang Dianlong
Published: December 2017

3D self-supported hierarchical core/shell structured MnCo2O4@CoS nanowire or nanosheet (MCO@CS-NW or NT) arrays were designed for high-performance supercapacitors.
MOF-derived Zn–Mn mixed oxides@carbon hollow disks with robust hierarchical structure for high-performance lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Dong , Zhou Weiwei , Zhang Rui , Huang Xiaoxiao , Zeng Jinjue , Mao Yanfang , Ding Chunyan , Zhang Jian , Liu Jinping , Wen Guangwu
Published: December 2017

A new hollow yet hierarchical MOF structure is developed to construct robust Zn–Mn oxides@carbon hybrids with excellent lithium-ion storage properties.
Proton-conductive materials formed by coumarin photocrosslinked ionic liquid crystal dendrimers
Authors: Concellón Alberto , Liang Ting , Schenning Albertus P. H. J. , Serrano José Luis , Romero Pilar , Marcos Mercedes
Published: December 2017

We have successfully developed a new strategy for the preparation proton conductive materials using ionic LC dendrimers combined with a crosslinking reaction based on coumarin photodimerization.
High performance hybrid tandem white organic light-emitting diodes by using a novel intermediate connector
Authors: Shi Changsheng , Sun Ning , Wu Zhongbin , Chen Jiangshan , Ma Dongge
Published: December 2017

Using Liq/Ca/HAT-CN as an intermediate connector, high-performance hybrid tandem WOLEDs with EQE of 39.57% and CRI of 93 were developed.
Bromination of the benzothioxanthene Bloc: toward new π-conjugated systems for organic electronic applications
Authors: Josse Pierre , Li Shi , Dayneko Sergey , Joly Damien , Labrunie Antoine , Dabos-Seignon Sylvie , Allain Magali , Siegler Benjamin , Demadrille Renaud , Welch Gregory C. , Risko Chad , Blanchard Philippe , Cabanetos Clément
Published: December 2017

The synthesis for monobrominated benzothioxanthene is reported, which is then employed in common palladium catalyzed coupling reactions for novel organic semiconductors.
Phenylalanine regulates initiation of digestive enzyme mRNA translation in pancreatic acinar cells and tissue segments in dairy calves
Authors: Guo Long , Tian Huibin , Shen Jing , Zheng Chen , Liu Shimin , Cao Yangchun , Cai Chuanjiang , Yao Junhu
Published: December 2017

As new nutritional strategies for ruminant are designed to change production efficiency by improving the supply of rumen protect protein, lipid, and even starch, the digestive system must fit to utilize these increased nutrient supplies, especially the pancreas. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of phenylalanine (Phe) on digestive enzymes synthesis or secretion and cellular signaling in pancreatic acinar (PA) cells of dairy calves. The PA cells isolated from fresh pancreas of dairy calves, and cultured in completed RIPA 1640 medium with no fetal serum but 0, 0.15 and 0.45 mM Phe at 37°C in CO2 incubator for 120 min. The pancreatic tissue segments (PTS) was cut approximately 2 × 2 mm from the fresh pancreas, and incubated in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate (KRB) buffer containing 0 or 0.35 mM Phe at 39°C for 180 min, and the samples were collected every 60 min after incubation. In PA cells, Phe increased (P < 0.05) the α-amylase secretion and mRNA expression, the phosphorylation of ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4E binding protein 1 (4EBP1). In PTS, the Phe increased (P < 0.05) α-amylase and trypsin synthesis, secretion and mRNA expression, as well as the phosphorylation of S6K1 and 4EBP1. Conclusively, these results suggested that Phe regulates the synthesis or secretion of α-amylase, trypsin and lipase through mRNA translation initiation factors – S6K1 and 4EBP1.
Protein carbonyl concentration as a biomarker for development and mortality in sepsis-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Costa Nara Aline , Gut Ana Lúcia , Azevedo Paula Schmidt , Tanni Suzana Erico , Cunha Natália Baraldi , Fernandes Ana Angelica Henrique , Polegato Bertha Furlan , Zornoff Leonardo Antonio Mamede , de Paiva Sergio Alberto Rupp , Balbi André Luís , Ponce Daniela , Minicucci Marcos Ferreira
Published: December 2017

The objective of the present study was to evaluate protein carbonyl concentration as a predictor of AKI development in patients with septic shock and of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and mortality in patients with SAKI. This was a prospective observational study of 175 consecutive patients over the age of 18 years with septic shock upon Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. After exclusion of 46 patients (27 due to AKI at ICU admission), a total of 129 patients were enrolled in the study. Demographic information and blood samples were taken within the first 24 h of the patient’s admission to determine serum protein carbonyl concentrations. Among the patients who developed SAKI, the development of AKI was evaluated, along with mortality and need for RRT. The mean age of the patients was 63.3 ± 15.7 years, 47% were male and 51.2% developed SAKI during ICU stay. In addition, protein carbonyl concentration was shown to be associated with SAKI. Among 66 patients with SAKI, 77% died during the ICU stay. Protein carbonyl concentration was not associated with RRT in patients with SAKI. However, the ROC curve analysis revealed that higher levels of protein carbonyl were associated with mortality in these patients. In logistic regression models, protein carbonyl level was associated with SAKI development (OR: 1.416; 95% CI: 1.247–1.609; P<0.001) and mortality when adjusted by age, gender, and APACHE II score (OR: 1.357; 95% CI: 1.147–1.605; P<0.001). In conclusion, protein carbonyl concentration is predictive of AKI development and mortality in patients with SAKI, with excellent reliability.
Foetal growth restriction in mice modifies postnatal airway responsiveness in an age and sex-dependent manner
Authors: Wang Kimberley C.W. , Larcombe Alexander N. , Berry Luke J. , Morton Jude S. , Davidge Sandra T. , James Alan L. , Noble Peter B.
Published: December 2017

Epidemiological studies demonstrate an association between intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and asthma; however the underlying mechanism is unknown. We investigated the impact of maternal hypoxia-induced IUGR on airway responsiveness in male and female mice during juvenility and adulthood. Pregnant BALB/c mice were housed under hypoxic conditions for gestational days 11–17.5 and then returned to normoxic conditions for the remainder of pregnancy. A control group was housed under normoxic conditions throughout pregnancy. Offspring were studied at 2 weeks (juveniles) and 8 weeks (adults), where lung volume was assessed by plethysmography, airway responsiveness to methacholine determined by the forced oscillation technique and lungs fixed for morphometry. IUGR offspring were lighter at birth, exhibited “catch-up growth” by 2 weeks, but were again lighter in adulthood. IUGR males were “hyper-responsive” at 2 weeks and “hypo-responsive” as adults, in contrast with IUGR females who were hyper-responsive in adulthood. IUGR males had increased inner and total wall thickness at 2 weeks which resolved by adulthood, while airways in IUGR females were structurally normal throughout life. There were no differences in lung volume between Control and IUGR offspring at any age. Our data demonstrate changes in airway responsiveness as a result of IUGR that could influence susceptibility to asthma development and contribute to sexual dimorphism in asthma prevalence which switches from a male dominated disease in early life to a female dominated disease in adulthood.
Phonological Deficits in Developmental Dyslexia in a Second Grade Spanish-English Bilingual Child
Authors: Ijalba Elizabeth , Bustos Alicia
Published: December 2017

In this study we identify component reading skills in a 2nd grade dual language learner (DLL) experiencing unexpected reading and writing difficulty. We review research on language and literacy acquisition in DLL and English learners (ELs), and on developmental dyslexia. We consider the diagnostic process and treatment recommendations based on a componential model of reading. We formulate research questions along four lines of inquiry: (a) identifying a developmental dyslexia profile; (b) determining the presence of core language deficits; (c) examining psychological and ecological variables impacting reading; and (d) planning for intervention. Our findings reveal a profile of developmental phonological dyslexia with manifest deficits in phonological awareness in English and Spanish and impaired sublexical processes affecting reading and writing. Evidence for core linguistic deficits was evident across languages. These deficits could be traced to word-level reading processes and not to psychosocial and ecological variables.
Hybrid model of diffusion based on the Jeffreys‐type equation for noise reduction on images
Authors: Loum Georges Laussane , Pandry Ghislain Koffi , Atiampo Armand Kodjo , Oumtanaga Souleymane
Published: December 2017

Hybrid methods filtering of images generally put in collaboration two filters: the first is used for the pre‐smoothing and the second to finalise the filtering operation. This approach permits to smoothen the image efficiently while preserving at best its contours and fine structures. Unfortunately, the pre‐smoothing generally induces a blur which is not taken into account during the smoothing. In this study, the authors propose a hybrid diffusion method based on the Jeffreys‐type equation (JTE). The method proposed provides two steps: a pre‐smoothing stage called adaptive‐linear diffusion (A‐LD) and a smoothing stage called Jeffreys anisotropic diffusion (JAD). A stopping criterion for A‐LD, called variance absolute error (VAE) which estimates the noise level, is proposed in order to guarantee the optimality of the smoothing filter. A diffusion function is proposed as well in order to take into account the blurring induced by the pre‐smoothing. The proposed hybrid method is compared with the Perona and Malick, telegraph equation, artefact suppressed large‐scale non‐local means and Xu‐AD models. Experimental results show that the proposed hybrid method is efficient both on noise reduction and preservation of contours and fine structures.
Frida Kahlo (1907–1954) – Schmerz, Leiden, Leidenschaft und Kunst
Authors: Zeidler Henning
Published: December 2017

Die mexikanische Malerin Frida Kahlo, geboren 1907 als Tochter eines deutsch mexikanischen Ehepaars – die Mutter Mexikanerin, der deutsche Vater eingebürgert-, ist eine der berühmtesten weiblichen Malerinnen der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts. Dazu trug nicht allein ihre außergewöhnliche Kunst bei, sondern auch ihre turbulente Lebensgeschichte mit dem Künstler Diego Rivera und die von Schmerz geprägte Krankengeschichte. Berühmt wurde sie jedoch erst nach ihrem Tod als eine Symbolfigur weiblicher Kreativität und eines von Leiden, Lieben und Unabhängigkeitsstreben geprägten Lebens.
Rheumatologische Manifestationen Chronisch Entzündlicher Darmerkrankungen (CED): Klinik, Diagnostik und therapeutische Optionen
Authors: Gaubitz Markus
Published: December 2017

Chronisch entzündliche Darmerkrankungen (CED) treten häufig mit extraintestinalen Manifestationen in Erscheinung. Muskuloskelettale Beschwerden sind die häufigste extraintestinale Beteiligung. Unter der Bezeichnung Spondyloarthritis können sie das Achsenskelett (also Teile der Wirbelsäule, von Brustkorb und Becken), periphere Gelenke und Sehnen einbeziehen. Anamnese und körperlicher Untersuchungsbefund sind wegweisend für die Diagnostik und Therapie. Bei der Anamnese sind neben Arthralgien und Gelenkschwellungen besonders die Symptome des „entzündlichen Rückenschmerzes“ zu erfragen. Die Untersuchung konzentriert sich auf den Nachweis von Gelenkschwellungen und Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen. Spezifische Laborparameter existieren bei der peripheren Arthritis nicht; neben den Entzündungsparametern kann HLA-B27 ein Hinweis und Bestandteil der Klassifikationskriterien für eine Spondyloarthritis, speziell mit axialer Beteiligung sein. In der Bildgebung gewinnt der Einsatz von Arthrosonografie und Magnetresonanztomografie insbesondere in der Frühdiagnostik an Bedeutung. Arthralgien bedürfen teils keiner eigenständigen Therapie und bessern sich durch die Behandlung der CED. Eine Arthritis, axiale Spondyloarthritis und Enthesitis müssen meist eigenständig langfristig behandelt werden. Die erste Stufe der Therapie stellen Analgetika, ggf. lokal applizierte Glukokortikoide und Physiotherapie dar. Bei der polyartikulären Arthritis können klassische Basistherapeutika wie Sulfasalazin und Methotrexat eingesetzt werden. Bei einer axialen Beteiligung ist bei nicht ausreichender Wirkung von NSAR oder Coxiben der Einsatz von Biologika (üblicherweise TNF-Alpha-Antagonisten) indiziert. Weitere Biologika (z. B. IL-12/23 -Antagonisten) versprechen eine Erweiterung der therapeutischen Möglichkeiten.
An Alaska case study: Cost estimates for integrating renewable technologies
Authors: VanderMeer Jeremy , Mueller-Stoffels Marc , Whitney Erin
Published: December 2017

Adding renewable energy to a grid, especially high penetration in a remote microgrid, requires grid integration to maintain stability and maximize the economic benefit of the new energy source. This analysis of integration technologies in Alaska shows a statistically significant increase of around $27/kW in the total integration cost per percent increase in wind energy penetration. This is an initial estimate based on twenty-four pre-project cost estimates and designs submitted to the State of Alaska Renewable Energy Fund grant program between 2008 and 2015. For integration systems incorporating thermal or electrical storage, the average control integration cost is around 66% of the total cost and storage is 34%. Trends that are being used to integrate higher penetrations of renewable energy in grids include demand-side management, excess generation to heat, energy storage with grid-forming inverters, and advanced control systems.
Heat pump technology: An Alaska case study
Authors: Pike Christopher , Whitney Erin
Published: December 2017

Heat pumps are a proven technology around the world and are being increasingly used in Alaska. Technological advances have improved their performance at low temperatures, making them more suitable for arctic environments. This analysis identified data related to 17 heat pumps installed in Alaska, which included air source, ground source, and sea water source systems. The data show that the average installed cost/kW of the heat pumps studied was $5,579. The minimum cost was just over $700/kW for a small air source minisplit system and over $12 000 for a complex vertical loop ground source heat pump. Air source heat pumps in Alaska have operated successfully down to −15 °C. Technological advances are ongoing that should enable further heat pump operation in colder climates.
Dielectric spectroscopic study of (K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)0.97 La0.01Nb0.9Ta0.13 ceramics
Authors: Portelles J. , Palmero N. , Fuentes J. , López Noda R. , Raymond Herrera O. , Cruz M. P. , Siqueiros J. M.
Published: December 2017

A dielectric spectroscopic study and an ac conductivity analysis in the 100 Hz–1 MHz frequency and 30–450 °C temperature ranges are presented for the piezoceramic compound (K0.44Na0.52Li0.04)0.97La0.01Nb0.9Ta0.103, synthesized by the traditional ceramic method using NaNbO3 as a precursor obtained by the reactive templated grain growth method technique. La doping of KxNa1-xNbO3 (KNN) produces a shift of the phase transition temperatures (orthorhombic-tetragonal and tetragonal-cubic) toward lower temperatures. The measured relative permittivity maximum and the relative permittivity at room temperature are remarkably high. Conductivity behaves according to Jonscher's law in the 400 Hz–1500 Hz frequency range at temperatures between 75 and 300 °C, with values of n1≤ 0.70, lower than those reported in the literature for similar compounds. The activation energy in the case of dc (long range) conductivity, 1.72 eV, points out to double ionized oxygen vacancies. This value is higher than the 1.46 eV of undoped KNN, evincing the influence of Li and La in the conduction processes of KNN.
Measurement of the magnetic permeability of amorphous magnetic microwires by using their antenna resonance
Authors: Lopez-Dominguez V. , Garcia M. A. , Marin P. , Hernando A.
Published: December 2017

We present here a new free space method to measure the magnetic permeability of a single amorphous magnetic microwire (AMM) at microwave frequencies. The technique consists in inducing a high frequency electric current along the AMM axis by illumination with an electromagnetic wave at antenna resonance conditions. Fitting the induced electric current to the Hallen-Pocklington equation allows computing the relative magnetic permeability of the microwire as a function of the wave frequency. The method results particularly useful for the study of the giant magnetoimpedance effect of AMM by measuring the magnetic permeability upon the application of DC magnetic fields.
Multi-shell transport model for L-H transition
Authors: Berionni V. , Morel P. , Gürcan Ö. D.
Published: December 2017

A coupled model of transport, turbulence, and mesoscale flows is proposed, including turbulence spreading. The model consists of transport equations for plasma density and pressure coupled to a shell model of drift wave turbulence, which incorporates coupling to mesoscale flows via disparate scale interactions. The model can describe the turbulent cascade and its dynamical interplay with zonal and mean shear flows as well as the profile evolution (including the profiles of turbulence intensity itself) due to these self-consistent turbulent fluxes. This simple system of equations is shown to capture the low to high confinement (L-H) transition. It is also observed that as the heating is increased, the system goes through an intermediate phase that displays oscillations between zonal flows and turbulence. The transition towards the H mode, which is characterized by the presence of a strong mean shear flow at the edge, is triggered by the mesoscale dynamics due to the action of zonal flows, with turbulence spreading playing an important role in the H to L back transition.
Comparison of two protic ionic liquid behaviors in the presence of an electric field using molecular dynamics
Authors: Mehta Neil A. , Levin Deborah A.
Published: December 2017

The effects of an external electric field on two ionic liquids (ILs) are investigated using molecular dynamics electrospray simulations of ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) and ethanolammonium nitrate (EOAN). In the absence of an external electric field, long alkyl chains were observed in EAN but not in EOAN. When the electric field was applied, the anions of both ILs formed a barrier along the applied field, but only in EAN did this barrier result in a static bilayer composed of two parallel layers of cations and anions. The primary hydrogen bonds (HBs) connecting the EAN cations and anions were formed between the ammonium and the nitrate groups. In contrast, they were formed between the ammonium as well as the hydroxyl groups and the nitrate groups in EOAN. The applied electric field was found effective in reducing the number of O1–HO⋯O type HBs but was less effective against the N–HN⋯O type HBs. It was observed that the N–C1–CM backbone angles of EAN allowed for greater storage of the energy supplied by the electric field in the form of torsional degree of freedom compared to the N–C1–CM angles of EOAN. The combination of stronger HBs and higher energy storage in the N–C1–CM covalent angle in EAN results in a stronger resistance of ion emission from the bulk compared to EOAN.
Bio-inspired silicon nanospikes fabricated by metal-assisted chemical etching for antibacterial surfaces
Authors: Hu Huan , Siu Vince S. , Gifford Stacey M. , Kim Sungcheol , Lu Minhua , Meyer Pablo , Stolovitzky Gustavo A.
Published: December 2017

The recently discovered bactericidal properties of nanostructures on wings of insects such as cicadas and dragonflies have inspired the development of similar nanostructured surfaces for antibacterial applications. Since most antibacterial applications require nanostructures covering a considerable amount of area, a practical fabrication method needs to be cost-effective and scalable. However, most reported nanofabrication methods require either expensive equipment or a high temperature process, limiting cost efficiency and scalability. Here, we report a simple, fast, low-cost, and scalable antibacterial surface nanofabrication methodology. Our method is based on metal-assisted chemical etching that only requires etching a single crystal silicon substrate in a mixture of silver nitrate and hydrofluoric acid for several minutes. We experimentally studied the effects of etching time on the morphology of the silicon nanospikes and the bactericidal properties of the resulting surface. We discovered that 6 minutes of etching results in a surface containing silicon nanospikes with optimal geometry. The bactericidal properties of the silicon nanospikes were supported by bacterial plating results, fluorescence images, and scanning electron microscopy images.
Thermal stability of germanium-tin (GeSn) fins
Authors: Lei Dian , Lee Kwang Hong , Bao Shuyu , Wang Wei , Masudy-Panah Saeid , Tan Chuan Seng , Tok Eng Soon , Gong Xiao , Yeo Yee-Chia
Published: December 2017

We investigate the thermal stability of germanium-tin (Ge1−xSnx) fins under rapid thermal annealing in N2 ambient. The Ge1−xSnx fins were formed on a GeSn-on-insulator substrate and were found to be less thermally stable than blanket Ge1−xSnx films. The morphology change and material quality of the annealed Ge1−xSnx fin are investigated using scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy. Obvious degradation of crystalline quality of the Ge0.96Sn0.04 fin was observed, and a thin Ge layer was formed on the SiO2 surface near the Ge0.96Sn0.04 fin region after 500 °C anneal. A model was proposed to explain the morphology change of the Ge0.96Sn0.04 fin.