bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Is there anybody out there? Can individual loneliness, need for closure, and religiosity predict the belief in extraterrestrial life and intelligence?
Authors: Döbler Niklas Alexander , El Amri Yassin , Carbon Claus-Christian
Published: July 2023

Thinking about the universe also includes thinking about hypothetical extraterrestrial intelligence. Two key questions arise: Why are we thinking aboutthemin the first place? And why are we anthropomorphizingthem? One possible explanation may be that the belief in extraterrestrials results from a subjective feeling of loneliness or the need for closure. Results of an online questionnaire (N = 130) did not reveal a confident and consistent correlation between personal feelings of aloneness or need for closure and belief in extraterrestrial life or intelligence. The same was true for the anthropomorphic representation of extraterrestrial intelligence. The belief in extraterrestrial life was negatively linked to frequent religious activity, and to a lesser and more uncertain extent, to the belief in extraterrestrial intelligence. As evidenced by their parameter estimates, participants demonstrated an intuitive grasp of the probabilities inherent in the Drake equation. However, there was significant variability in the solutions provided. When asked to describe hypothetical extraterrestrials, participants mainly assessed them in terms connoted with physical appearance, neutral to humans, and partially influenced by anthropomorphism. Given the severe limitations, we conservatively conclude that individual loneliness is indeed individual and does not break the final frontier, that is, space.
Single-nucleus transcriptomic atlas of glial cells in human dorsal root ganglia
Authors: Zhang Donghang , Wei Yiyong , Chen Yali , Chen Hongjun , Li Jin , Yang Yaoxin , Zhou Cheng
Published: July 2023

Purpose

Glial cells play a crucial role in regulating physiological and pathological functions, such as sensation, infections, acute injuries, and chronic neurodegenerative disorders. Despite the recent understanding of glial subtypes and functional heterogeneity in central nervous system via single-cell/nucleus RNA sequencing, the transcriptomic profiles of glial cells in the adult human dorsal root ganglia (DRG) have not yet been characterized at single-cell resolution.

Methods

We used high-throughput single-nucleus RNA sequencing to map the cellular and molecular heterogeneity of satellite glial cells (SGCs) and Schwann cells (SCs) in the human DRG, and further compared these human findings with those from mice. The expression profiles of classical marker genes of peripheral somatosensory system in glial cells were examined in human and mouse DRG. Additionally, the functional properties of the enriched genes in glial cells and their subtypes were also explored by Gene Ontology (GO) term analysis.

Results

Human DRG cells were initially classified into 11 clusters based on their distinct transcriptional characteristics. SGCs and SCs were identified through their representative marker genes. SGCs were further classified into six subclusters, while SCs were classified into seven subclusters. The comparison with mouse transcriptomic profiles revealed an overall similarity between the two species, while simultaneously highlighting some degree of heterogeneity in specific genes.

Conclusions

This atlas comprehensively profiled glial cell heterogeneity and provides a powerful resource for investigating the cellular basis of physiological and pathological conditions associated with DRG glial cells.

Graphical Abstract
Time to act: A rubric-based approach for institutionalizing justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion
Authors: Norman Marie K. , Radomski Thomas R. , Proulx Chelsea N. , Rubio Doris M. , Alston Tasha L. , Mayowski Colleen A.
Published: July 2023

Attacks on minoritized communities and increasing awareness of the societal causes of health disparities have combined to highlight deep systemic inequities. In response, academic health centers have prioritized justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (JEDI) in their strategic goals. To have a sustained impact, JEDI efforts cannot be siloed; rather, they must be woven into the fabric of our work and systematically assessed to promote meaningful outcomes and accountability. To this end, the University of Pittsburgh’s Institute for Clinical Research Education assembled a task force to create and apply a rubric to identify short and long-term JEDI goals, assess the current state of JEDI at our Institute, and make recommendations for immediate action. To ensure deep buy-in, we gathered input from diverse members of our academic community, who served on targeted subcommittees. We then applied a three-step process to ensure rapid forward progress. We emerged with concrete actions for priority focus and a plan for ongoing assessment of JEDI institutionalization. We believe our process and rubric offer a scalable and adaptable model for other institutions and departments to follow as we work together across academic medical institutions to put our justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion goals into meaningful action.
A switching Gaussian process latent force model for the identification of mechanical systems with a discontinuous nonlinearity
Authors: Marino Luca , Cicirello Alice
Published: July 2023

An approach for the identification of discontinuous and nonsmooth nonlinear forces, as those generated by frictional contacts, in mechanical systems that can be approximated by a single-degree-of-freedom model is presented. To handle the sharp variations and multiple motion regimes introduced by these nonlinearities in the dynamic response, the partially known physics-based model and noisy measurements of the system’s response to a known input force are combined within a switching Gaussian process latent force model (GPLFM). In this grey-box framework, multiple Gaussian processes are used to model the unknown nonlinear force across different motion regimes and a resetting model enables the generation of discontinuities. The states of the system, nonlinear force, and regime transitions are inferred by using filtering and smoothing techniques for switching linear dynamical systems. The proposed switching GPLFM is applied to a simulated dry friction oscillator and an experimental setup consisting of a single-storey frame with a brass-to-steel contact. Excellent results are obtained in terms of the identified nonlinear and discontinuous friction force for varying: (i) normal load amplitudes in the contact; (ii) measurement noise levels, and (iii) number of samples in the datasets. Moreover, the identified states, friction force, and sequence of motion regimes are used for evaluating: (1) uncertain system parameters; (2) the friction force–velocity relationship, and (3) the static friction force. The correct identification of the discontinuous nonlinear force and the quantification of any remaining uncertainty in its prediction enable the implementation of an accurate forward model able to predict the system’s response to different input forces.
Measurements of plasma density profile evolutions with a channel-guided laser
Authors: Yang Tong , Guo Zhen , Yan Yang , Wu Minjian , Xia Yadong , He Qiangyou , Cheng Hao , Li Yuze , Fang Yanlv , Zhao Yanying , Yan Xueqing , Lin Chen
Published: July 2023

The discharged capillary plasma channel has been extensively studied as a high-gradient particle acceleration and transmission medium. A novel measurement method of plasma channel density profiles has been employed, where the role of plasma channels guiding the advantages of lasers has shown strong appeal. Here, we have studied the high-order transverse plasma density profile distribution using a channel-guided laser, and made detailed measurements of its evolution under various parameters. The paraxial wave equation in a plasma channel with high-order density profile components is analyzed, and the approximate propagation process based on the Gaussian profile laser is obtained on this basis, which agrees well with the simulation under phase conditions. In the experiments, by measuring the integrated transverse laser intensities at the outlet of the channels, the radial quartic density profiles of the plasma channels have been obtained. By precisely synchronizing the detection laser pulses and the plasma channels at various moments, the reconstructed density profile shows an evolution from the radial quartic profile to the quasi-parabolic profile, and the high-order component is indicated as an exponential decline tendency over time. Factors affecting the evolution rate were investigated by varying the incentive source and capillary parameters. It can be found that the discharge voltages and currents are positive factors quickening the evolution, while the electron-ion heating, capillary radii and pressures are negative ones. One plausible explanation is that quartic profile contributions may be linked to plasma heating. This work helps one to understand the mechanisms of the formation, the evolutions of the guiding channel electron-density profiles and their dependences on the external controllable parameters. It provides support and reflection for physical research on discharged capillary plasma and optimizing plasma channels in various applications.
Judging Genocide: Emotional Labor During Transitional Justice
Authors: Nyseth Nzitatira Hollie , Gertz Evelyn , Uggen Christopher
Published: July 2023

Despite the proliferation of transitional justice, scholars have rarely researched the emotional toll on those who implement transitional justice mechanisms. This article accordingly examines the emotion management techniques employed by eighty-five judges who served in Rwanda’s post-genocide gacaca courts. Most of the intrapersonal and interpersonal emotion management strategies we find are gendered, with men generally emphasizing strength and women underscoring empathy and understanding. Moreover, the dimensions of identity that were most salient during the conflict also shaped the judges’ interpersonal emotion management strategies. Specifically, judges who were not targeted during the genocide focused on regulating emotions tied to punishing defendants, while judges who were targeted emphasized survivors’ emotional catharses. As such, our findings show how conflict divisions and gender norms structure the expression of emotion during transitional justice processes.
Academic Diplomacy: The Educational Aspects of Chinese and Russian Soft Power in Tajikistan
Authors: Rashidov Tuychi , Mullojonov Parviz , Rashidova Umayra , Lemon Edward
Published: July 2023

Soft power draws attention to the way governments, and other actors, create a positive image of themselves so that they can attract others and influence them. In this article, we examine how Russia and China use education to implement soft power in Tajikistan and the differences between the two approaches. This article examines academic diplomacy and the role of educational programs and research collaboration in the projection of China and Russia’s soft power in Tajikistan. We conclude that a latent geopolitical rivalry exists between the two great powers that is manifesting itself in a number of ways. Russia is in a stronger position to project soft power in Tajikistan, and, although the escalation of the war in Ukraine in February 2022 will undermine this influence, China will not displace Russia’s soft power in the near future.
REWRITING THE THEBAID: PIETAS AND THE FURIES IN SILVAE 3.3 (AND 5.2)
Authors: Celotto Giulio
Published: July 2023

This paper argues that in Silvae 3.3, written to console Claudius Etruscus on the death of his beloved father, Statius reverses his own account of the contentious relationship between Tisiphone and Pietas in Thebaid Books 1 and 11 to present his patron's affectionate bond with his father as antithetical to Oedipus’ resentful relationship with his sons. In the Thebaid, Oedipus summons Tisiphone from the Underworld to punish his own children by stirring up civil war, and the Fury promptly obeys, banishing Pietas from earth to prevent her from stopping the conflict. In Silvae 3.3, on the other hand, the poet asks Pietas to come back to earth, and urges the Furies to stay away from the deceased. The return of Pietas, also portrayed in Silvae 5.2, shows that in his collection of occasional poetry Statius rewrites his own epic to restore cosmos: while in the chaotic narrative universe of the Thebaid all fundamental values, including filial devotion, are turned upside down, the Silvae describe a more conventional and reassuring world, founded on virtue rather than vengeance.
Death by ammonite: fatal ingestion of an ammonoid shell by an Early Jurassic bony fish
Authors: Cooper Samuel L. A. , Maxwell Erin E.
Published: July 2023

A remarkable specimen of the actinopterygian fishPachycormus macropterusfrom the Early Jurassic (Toarcian) Posidonienschiefer Formation of Germany exceptionally preserves an unusually large ammonite inside its gut. The ammonite was swallowed by the fish, likely by accident, and represents the first direct evidence for an actinopterygian fish consuming an ammonoid. Exceptional aragonite preservation of the conch retaining partial nacreous lustre, combined with only minor acid etching of the shell, strongly indicates that the ammonite was ingested immediately prior to and was directly responsible for the fish’s death. The fish’s stomach provided a microenvironment protecting the aragonite from chemical dissolution.
CONNEXIVE IMPLICATIONS IN SUBSTRUCTURAL LOGICS
Authors: FAZIO DAVIDE , ST. JOHN GAVIN
Published: July 2023

This paper is devoted to the investigation of term-definable connexive implications in substructural logics with exchange and, on the semantical perspective, in sub-varieties of commutative residuated lattices (FL
${}_{\scriptsize\mbox{e}}$
-algebras). In particular, we inquire into sufficient and necessary conditions under which generalizations of the connexive implication-like operation defined in [6] for Heyting algebras still satisfy connexive theses. It will turn out that, in most cases, connexive principles are equivalent to the equational Glivenko property with respect to Boolean algebras. Furthermore, we provide some philosophical upshots like, e.g., a discussion on the relevance of the above operation in relationship with G. Polya’s logic of plausible inference, and some characterization results on weak and strong connexivity.
Sexueller Missbrauch an Kindern
Authors: Amann Gabriele
Published: July 2023

Sexueller Missbrauch an Kindern ist ein komplexer Problembereich mit großer gesellschaftlicher Tragweite und oftmals schwerwiegenden Folgen für die Betroffenen. Der vorliegende Band liefert einen zusammenfassenden Überblick zu Themen und Konzepten, die ein fundiertes Verständnis dieses Gegenstandsbereichs ermöglichen, wobei sowohl die Seite der Opfer als auch jene der Täter fokussiert wird.
Einleitend behandelt der Band die Grundlagen des Problembereichs, nimmt begriffliche Abgrenzungen vor und berichtet Daten zur Häufigkeit und Verbreitung. Die Entstehungsfaktoren werden ausführlich in ihrer gesamten Komplexität dargestellt, wie unterschiedliche Facetten der Tätermotivation oder Einflüsse von inneren und äußeren Hemmnissen. Ein weiteres, zentrales Kapitel setzt sich mit den Initialeffekten und Langzeitfolgen auseinander, die ein sexueller Missbrauch nach sich ziehen kann.
Zusätzliche Schwerpunkte des Bandes bilden eine differenzierte Betrachtung von Bewältigungsstrategien und die Behandlung der Opfer. Unter dem Blickwinkel der Psychotherapieforschung werden psychotherapeutische Strategien dargestellt und diskutiert – mit dem Ziel, eine fundierte Indikationsstellung und Therapieplanung zu ermöglichen. Das abschließende Kapitel stellt unterschiedliche Konzepte und Strategien zur Prävention von sexuellem Missbrauch umfassend vor und behandelt diese kritisch unter dem Blickwinkel ihrer empirischen Evidenz.
Der Band liefert neben wertvollem Grundlagenwissen auch praxisbezogene Erkenntnisse für alle Fachpersonen, die sich in Forschung, Beratung, Therapie und weiteren Berufsfeldern mit dem Thema „sexueller Missbrauch an Kindern“ auseinandersetzen.
Vertical Momentum Transport by Internal Gravity Waves Above the Equatorial Undercurrent at 140°W
Authors: Pinkel R. , Nguyen S. , Smith J. A. , Lucas A. J. , Reineman B. D. , Waterhouse A. F.
Published: July 2023

Strong vertical shears occur in the upper Equatorial Ocean as the trade winds drive the South Equatorial Current westward above the eastward flowing Equatorial Undercurrent. An extremely large “effective viscosity” or vertical momentum transport is required to maintain the speed‐differential between the currents as observed. In the 2012 EquatorMix Experiment data from a 1.8 km optical fiber temperature array and a surface scattering radar were combined with high‐resolution shipboard profiling CTD and Doppler sonar measurements to determine the directionality of energetic ∼600 m wavelength internal waves existing above the Undercurrent. A large vertical momentum flux is found (∼10−4 m2 s−2), with waves excited by nocturnal sea surface convection and maintained by near‐surface critical layer over‐reflection. The net downward‐westward momentum flux is an index of the energy lost during reflection below the Undercurrent. Together with near‐surface‐turbulence, these waves provide the momentum transport needed to balance the large‐scale forcing of the equatorial current system.
Self-powered and broadband opto-sensor with bionic visual adaptation function based on multilayer γ-InSe flakes
Authors: Liu Weizhen , Yang Xuhui , Wang Zhongqiang , Li Yuanzheng , Li Jixiu , Feng Qiushi , Xie Xiuhua , Xin Wei , Xu Haiyang , Liu Yichun
Published: July 2023

Visual adaptation that can autonomously adjust the response to light stimuli is a basic function of artificial visual systems for intelligent bionic robots. To improve efficiency and reduce complexity, artificial visual systems with integrated visual adaptation functions based on a single device should be developed to replace traditional approaches that require complex circuitry and algorithms. Here, we have developed a single two-terminal opto-sensor based on multilayer γ-InSe flakes, which successfully emulated the visual adaptation behaviors with a new working mechanism combining the photo-pyroelectric and photo-thermoelectric effect. The device can operate in self-powered mode and exhibit good human-eye-like adaptation behaviors, which include broadband light-sensing image adaptation (from ultraviolet to near-infrared), near-complete photosensitivity recovery (99.6%), and synergetic visual adaptation, encouraging the advancement of intelligent opto-sensors and machine vision systems.
Small-molecule amines: a big role in the regulation of bone homeostasis
Authors: Zhang Qian , Yang Jirong , Hu Nan , Liu Juan , Yu Huan , Pan Haobo , Chen Di , Ruan Changshun
Published: July 2023

Numerous small-molecule amines (SMAs) play critical roles in maintaining bone homeostasis and promoting bone regeneration regardless of whether they are applied as drugs or biomaterials. On the one hand, SMAs promote bone formation or inhibit bone resorption through the regulation of key molecular signaling pathways in osteoblasts/osteoclasts; on the other hand, owing to their alkaline properties as well as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory features, most SMAs create a favorable microenvironment for bone homeostasis. However, due to a lack of information on their structure/bioactivity and underlying mechanisms of action, certain SMAs cannot be developed into drugs or biomaterials for bone disease treatment. In this review, we thoroughly summarize the current understanding of SMA effects on bone homeostasis, including descriptions of their classifications, biochemical features, recent research advances in bone biology and related regulatory mechanisms in bone regeneration. In addition, we discuss the challenges and prospects of SMA translational research.
Time-restricted eating with calorie restriction on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Jing-Chao , Tan Zhen-Tao , He Chao-Jie , Hu Hui-Lin , Zhai Chang-Lin , Qian Gang
Published: July 2023

The effect of time-restricted eating (TRE) has been summarized in previous studies, but its benefits in combination with calorie restriction (CR) still need to be determined. The present meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of TRE with CR on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and gray literature databases were searched from inception to October 18, 2022, for potential randomized controlled trial (RCT) studies based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Body weight and other cardiometabolic risk factors were described as weighted mean difference (WMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI). Eight RCTs involving 579 participants were enrolled in the present analysis. The pooled results showed that TRE with CR reduced the body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference significantly (WMD: −1.40, 95% CI: −1.81 to −1.00, and I2: 0%; WMD: −0.73, 95% CI: −1.39 to −0.07, and I2: 0%; WMD: −1.87, 95% CI: −3.47 to −0.26, and I2: 67.25%, respectively). However, compared with CR alone, TRE plus CR exhibited no significant benefit on the blood pressure, glucose profile, and lipid profile. Subgroup analysis suggested that early TRE is more effective in weight loss (WMD: −1.42, 95% CI: −1.84 to −1.01, and I2: 0%) and improving fat mass (WMD: −1.06, 95% CI: −1.91 to −0.22, and I2: 0%) than delayed or broader TRE when combined with CR. Although the combination of TRE and CR can effectively decrease body weight, fat mass, and waist circumference, the long-term effects, particularly those on cardiometabolic risk in participants with chronic cardiovascular disease and diabetes, remain to be explored.
Transmembrane protein 117 knockdown protects against angiotensin-II-induced cardiac hypertrophy
Authors: Yang Yi , Wang Xinquan , Yan Peng , Wang Dan , Luo Tao , Zhou Yaqiong , Chen Shichao , Liu Qiting , Hou Jixin , Wang Peijian
Published: July 2023

Mitochondrial dysfunction plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of pathological cardiac hypertrophy. Transmembrane protein 117 modulate mitochondrial membrane potential that may be involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function. However, its role in the development of angiotensin II (Ang-II)-induced cardiac hypertrophy is unclear. Cardiac-specific TMEM117-knockout and control mice were subjected to cardiac hypertrophy induced by Ang-II infusion. Small-interfering RNAs against TMEM117 or adenovirus-based plasmids encoding TMEM117 were delivered into left ventricles of mice or incubated with neonatal murine ventricular myocytes (NMVMs) before Ang-II stimulation. We found that TMEM117 was upregulated in hypertrophic hearts and cardiomyocytes and TMEM117 deficiency attenuated Ang-II-induced cardiac hypertrophy in vivo. Consistently, the in vitro data demonstrated that Ang-II-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy significantly alleviated by TMEM117 knockdown. Conversely, overexpression of TMEM117 exacerbated cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction. An Ang II-induced increase in cardiac (cardiomyocyte) oxidative stress was alleviated by cardiac-specific knockout (knockdown) of TMEM117 and was worsened by TMEM117 supplementation (overexpression). In addition, TMEM117 knockout decreased endoplasmic reticulum stress induced by Ang-II, which was reversed by TMEM117 supplementation. Furthermore, TMEM117 deficiency mitigated mitochondrial injury in hypertrophic hearts and cardiomyocyte, which was abolished by TMEM117 supplementation (overexpression). Taken together, these findings suggest that upregulation of TMEM117 contributes to the development of cardiac hypertrophy and the downregulation of TMEM117 may be a new therapeutic strategy for the prevention and treatment of cardiac hypertrophy.
An intrinsically stretchable multi-biochemical sensor for sweat analysis using photo-patternable ecoflex
Authors: Kim Seungwan , Kang Joohyuk , Lee Injun , Jang Jinhyeong , Park Chan Beum , Lee Wonryung , Bae Byeong-Soo
Published: July 2023

Ecoflex is widely used in bioelectronics due to its outstanding properties of low modulus and large stretchability. For its use as an encapsulation layer in multi-channel wearable devices, a patterning procedure is essential. However, conventional patterning strategies for Ecoflex, such as soft lithography, punching, and laser ablation, lack sufficient quality and process compatibility. To address this, we propose a process-compatible method of patterning Ecoflex by developing Photo-patternable Ecoflex (PPE). The PPE layer, used as an encapsulation layer, effectively dissipates strain energy at homogeneous interfaces, resulting in a 50% increase in electrical conductance under 250% strain. Using PPE, we fabricated intrinsically stretchable multi-sensors that monitor bio-signals like glucose, lactate, pH, and humidity in sweat. These sensors maintain durable sensitivity under strain up to 50% and for 1000 cycles at 20% strain. Finally, we mounted these stretchable multi-chemical sensors on an arm to monitor glucose and lactate levels in sweat.
Cationic-nanogel nasal vaccine containing the ectodomain of RSV-small hydrophobic protein induces protective immunity in rodents
Authors: Umemoto Shingo , Nakahashi-Ouchida Rika , Yuki Yoshikazu , Kurokawa Shiho , Machita Tomonori , Uchida Yohei , Mori Hiromi , Yamanoue Tomoyuki , Shibata Takehiko , Sawada Shin-ichi , Ishige Kazuya , Hirano Takashi , Fujihashi Kohtaro , Akiyoshi Kazunari , Kurashima Yosuke , Tokuhara Daisuke , Ernst Peter B , Suzuki Masashi , Kiyono Hiroshi
Published: July 2023

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infection, especially in children and the elderly. Various vaccines containing the major transmembrane surface proteins of RSV (proteins F and G) have been tested; however, they have either afforded inadequate protection or are associated with the risk of vaccine-enhanced disease (VED). Recently, F protein-based maternal immunization and vaccines for elderly patients have shown promising results in phase III clinical trials, however, these vaccines have been administered by injection. Here, we examined the potential of using the ectodomain of small hydrophobic protein (SHe), also an RSV transmembrane surface protein, as a nasal vaccine antigen. A vaccine was formulated using our previously developed cationic cholesteryl-group-bearing pullulan nanogel as the delivery system, and SHe was linked in triplicate to pneumococcal surface protein A as a carrier protein. Nasal immunization of mice and cotton rats induced both SHe-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies, preventing viral invasion in both the upper and lower respiratory tracts without inducing VED. Moreover, nasal immunization induced greater protective immunity against RSV in the upper respiratory tract than did systemic immunization, suggesting a critical role for mucosal RSV-specific IgA responses in viral elimination at the airway epithelium. Thus, our nasal vaccine induced effective protection against RSV infection in the airway mucosa and is therefore a promising vaccine candidate for further development.
The pioneer factor SOX9 competes for epigenetic factors to switch stem cell fates
Authors: Yang Yihao , Gomez Nicholas , Infarinato Nicole , Adam Rene C. , Sribour Megan , Baek Inwha , Laurin Mélanie , Fuchs Elaine
Published: July 2023

During development, progenitors simultaneously activate one lineage while silencing another, a feature highly regulated in adult stem cells but derailed in cancers. Equipped to bind cognate motifs in closed chromatin, pioneer factors operate at these crossroads, but how they perform fate switching remains elusive. Here we tackle this question with SOX9, a master regulator that diverts embryonic epidermal stem cells (EpdSCs) into becoming hair follicle stem cells. By engineering mice to re-activate SOX9 in adult EpdSCs, we trigger fate switching. Combining epigenetic, proteomic and functional analyses, we interrogate the ensuing chromatin and transcriptional dynamics, slowed temporally by the mature EpdSC niche microenvironment. We show that as SOX9 binds and opens key hair follicle enhancers de novo in EpdSCs, it simultaneously recruits co-factors away from epidermal enhancers, which are silenced. Unhinged from its normal regulation, sustained SOX9 subsequently activates oncogenic transcriptional regulators that chart the path to cancers typified by constitutive SOX9 expression.
Psilocybin therapy for females with anorexia nervosa: a phase 1, open-label feasibility study
Authors: Peck Stephanie Knatz , Shao Samantha , Gruen Tessa , Yang Kevin , Babakanian Alexandra , Trim Julie , Finn Daphna M. , Kaye Walter H.
Published: July 2023

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a deadly illness with no proven treatments to reverse core symptoms and no medications approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. Novel treatments are urgently needed to improve clinical outcomes. In this open-label feasibility study, 10 adult female participants (mean body mass index 19.7 kg m−2; s.d. 3.7) who met Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) criteria for AN or pAN (partial remission) were recruited to a study conducted at an academic clinical research institute. Participants received a single 25-mg dose of synthetic psilocybin in conjunction with psychological support. The primary aim was to assess safety, tolerability and feasibility at post-treatment by incidences and occurrences of adverse events (AEs) and clinically significant changes in electrocardiogram (ECG), laboratory tests, vital signs and suicidality. No clinically significant changes were observed in ECG, vital signs or suicidality. Two participants developed asymptomatic hypoglycemia at post-treatment, which resolved within 24 h. No other clinically significant changes were observed in laboratory values. All AEs were mild and transient in nature. Participants’ qualitative perceptions suggest that the treatment was acceptable for most participants. Results suggest that psilocybin therapy is safe, tolerable and acceptable for female AN, which is a promising finding given physiological dangers and problems with treatment engagement. ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT04661514.
Risk of cataract and glaucoma among older persons with diabetes in India: a cross-sectional study based on LASI, Wave-1
Authors: Khan Junaid , Shaw Subhojit
Published: July 2023

According to the International Diabetes Federation-2019 estimates, India is home to 77 million diabetic individuals which is projected to grow up to 147.2 million by 2045. Diabetes being a progressive health disorder leads to multiple morbidities and complications including eye diseases and visual impairments. As the burden of diabetes mellitus is increasing, eye problems like cataracts and glaucoma are commonly cited problems among the older adults. In this context, this study aims to provide the public health evidences on diabetes associated burden and risk of developing cataracts and glaucoma among older adults aged 60 and above in India. The analytical sample of this cross-sectional study comprised of 31,464 individuals aged 60 and above. Bivariate cross-tabulation and chi-square test were performed to understand the differential in the prevalence of cataracts and glaucoma by diabetes mellitus including the socio-economic and demographic characteristics of the individuals. Binary logistic regression estimation was executed to estimate the adjusted odds ratio for each of the outcome variables within a multivariate framework. The cataract problem affects more than one-fifth of the older people, while glaucoma affects 2% of them. The prevalence of cataract and glaucoma is 29% among diabetic older adults compared to 22% among non-diabetic persons. In terms of gender, the cataract prevalence is comparatively higher among females (25%) than males (21%). It is important to note that while adjusting for socio-economic and demographic characteristics, the likelihood of cataract (AOR 1.495; p-value < 0.01) and glaucoma (AOR 1.554; p-value < 0.01) is significantly higher among older adults with diabetes than among their counterparts. Medical practitioners should conduct prognosis for diabetic eye problems among patients and raise awareness about the potential risks of developing vision loss, such as cataracts and glaucoma, which are more prevalent among individuals with diabetes.
Demonstration of a roll-to-roll-configurable, all-solution-based progressive assembly of flexible transducer devices consisting of functional nanowires on micropatterned electrodes
Authors: Han Inhui , Song Jungkeun , Kim Kwangjun , Kim Hyein , Son Hyunji , Kim Minwook , Lee Useung , Choi Kwangjin , Ji Hojae , Lee Sung Ho , Kwak Moon Kyu , Ok Jong G.
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate continuous fabrication of flexible transducer devices consisting of interdigitated (IDT) Ag microelectrodes interconnected by ZnO nanowires (ZNWs), created via serially connected solution-processable micro- and nanofabrication processes. On an Ag layer obtainable from the mild thermal reduction of an ionic Ag ink coating, the roll-to-roll-driven photolithography process [termed photo roll lithography (PRL)] followed by wet-etching can be applied to continuously define the IDT microelectrode structure. Conformal ZNWs can then be grown selectively on the Ag electrodes to interconnect them via an Ag-mediated hydrothermal ZNW growth that does not require high-temperature seed sintering. Given that all of these constitutive processes are vacuum-free and solution-processable at a low temperature, and are compatible with continuous processing onto flexible substrates, they can be eventually configured into the roll-to-roll-processable progressive assembly. Through parametric optimizations of processes consisting of the roll-to-roll-configurable, solution-based progressive assembly of nanostructures (ROLSPAN), a flexible transducer consisting of ZNW-interconnected, PRL-ed IDT Ag electrodes can be developed. This flexible architecture faithfully performs UV sensing as well as optoelectronic transduction. The ROLSPAN concept along with its specific applicability to flexible devices may inspire many diverse functional systems requiring high-throughput low-temperature fabrication over large-area flexible substrates.
Computational reactive–diffusive modeling for stratification and prognosis determination of patients with breast cancer receiving Olaparib
Authors: Schettini Francesco , De Bonis Maria Valeria , Strina Carla , Milani Manuela , Ziglioli Nicoletta , Aguggini Sergio , Ciliberto Ignazio , Azzini Carlo , Barbieri Giuseppina , Cervoni Valeria , Cappelletti Maria Rosa , Ferrero Giuseppina , Ungari Marco , Locci Mariavittoria , Paris Ida , Scambia Giovanni , Ruocco Gianpaolo , Generali Daniele
Published: July 2023

Mathematical models based on partial differential equations (PDEs) can be exploited to handle clinical data with space/time dimensions, e.g. tumor growth challenged by neoadjuvant therapy. A model based on simplified assessment of tumor malignancy and pharmacodynamics efficiency was exercised to discover new metrics of patient prognosis in the OLTRE trial. We tested in a 17-patients cohort affected by early-stage triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) treated with 3 weeks of olaparib, the capability of a PDEs-based reactive–diffusive model of tumor growth to efficiently predict the response to olaparib in terms of SUVmax detected at 18FDG-PET/CT scan, by using specific terms to characterize tumor diffusion and proliferation. Computations were performed with COMSOL Multiphysics. Driving parameters governing the mathematical model were selected with Pearson's correlations. Discrepancies between actual and computed SUVmax values were assessed with Student’s t test and Wilcoxon rank sum test. The correlation between post-olaparib true and computed SUVmax was assessed with Pearson’s r and Spearman’s rho. After defining the proper mathematical assumptions, the nominal drug efficiency (εPD) and tumor malignancy (rc) were computationally evaluated. The former parameter reflected the activity of olaparib on the tumor, while the latter represented the growth rate of metabolic activity as detected by SUVmax. εPD was found to be directly dependent on basal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and Ki67% and was detectable through proper linear regression functions according to TILs values, while rc was represented by the baseline Ki67-to-TILs ratio. Predicted post-olaparib SUV*max did not significantly differ from original post-olaparib SUVmax in the overall, gBRCA-mutant and gBRCA-wild-type subpopulations (p > 0.05 in all cases), showing strong positive correlation (r = 0.9 and rho = 0.9, p < 0.0001 both). A model of simplified tumor dynamics was exercised to effectively produce an upfront prediction of efficacy of 3-week neoadjuvant olaparib in terms of SUVmax. Prospective evaluation in independent cohorts and correlation of these outcomes with more recognized efficacy endpoints is now warranted for model confirmation and tailoring of escalated/de-escalated therapeutic strategies for early-TNBC patients.
Molecular basis of non-deletional HPFH in Thailand and identification of two novel mutations at the binding sites of CCAAT and GATA-1 transcription factors
Authors: Singha Kritsada , Pansuwan Anupong , Chewasateanchai Mattanee , Fucharoen Goonnapa , Fucharoen Supan
Published: July 2023

High Hb F determinants are genetic defects associated with increased expression of hemoglobin F in adult life, classified as deletional and non-deletional forms. We report the first description of non-deletional hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HFPH) in Thailand. Study was done on 388 subjects suspected of non-deletional HPFH with elevated Hb F expression. Mutations in theGγ- andAγ-globin genes were examined by DNA analysis and rapid diagnosis of HPFH mutations were developed by PCR-based methods. Twenty subjects with five different mutations were identified including three known mutations, − 202Aγ (C>T) (n = 3), − 196Aγ (C>T) (n = 3), and − 158Aγ (C>T) (n = 12), and two novel mutations, − 117Aγ (G>C) (n = 1) and − 530Gγ (A>G) (n = 1). Interaction of the − 117Aγ (G>C) and Hb E (HBB:c.79G>A) resulted in elevation of Hb F to the level of 13.5%. Two plain heterozygous subjects with − 530Gγ (A>G) had marginally elevated Hb F with 1.9% and 3.0%, whereas the proband with homozygous − 530Gγ (A>G) had elevated Hb F of 11.5%. Functional prediction indicated that the − 117Aγ (G>C) and − 530Gγ (A>G) mutations dramatically alter the binding of transcription factors to respective γ-globin gene promotors, especially the CCAAT and GATA-1 transcription factors. Diverse heterogeneity of non-deletional HFPH with both known and new mutations, and complex interactions of them with other forms of thalassemia are encountered in Thai population.
Intensification of heatwaves in China in recent decades: Roles of climate modes
Authors: Wei Jia , Han Weiqing , Wang Weiguang , Zhang Lei , Rajagopalan Balaji
Published: July 2023

Modes of climate variability can affect weather extremes, posing intractable challenges to our environment. However, to what extent climate modes can modulate heatwaves in China under a warming background remains poorly understood. Here, we examine the changes in heatwave intensity in seven distinct regions: three East, two middle, and two west regions over China and systematically explore the impacts of climate modes, by analyzing observations and performing model experiments using a Bayesian dynamic linear model and an atmospheric general circulation model (AGCM). Abrupt increases in heatwave intensity are detected across China during a transition period of 1993–2000, and the intensification remains robust in northern and western China after the warming trend being removed. The combined impacts of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) explain 62.35–70.01% of the observed heatwave intensification in East I, Middle I, West I, and West II regions. Decadal changes of atmospheric circulations associated with the negative phase transition of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), which is highly correlated with the decadal variability of ENSO, combined with the positive phase transition of the AMO around the mid-1990s increase surface air temperature and enhance atmospheric internal variability and climate modes’ impacts, resulting in the abrupt increase of heatwaves in the past two decades. These results highlight the importance of the concurrent phase transitions of decadal climate modes in regulating heatwaves.
Assessment of depression and anxiety in young and old with a question-based computational language approach
Authors: Sikström Sverker , Kelmendi Bleona , Persson Ninni
Published: July 2023

Middle aged adults experience depression and anxiety differently than younger adults. Age may affect life circumstances, depending on accessibility of social connections, jobs, physical health, etc, as these factors influence the prevalence and symptomatology. Depression and anxiety are typically measured using rating scales; however, recent research suggests that such symptoms can be assessed by open-ended questions that are analysed by question-based computational language assessments (QCLA). Here, we study middle aged and younger adults’ responses about their mental health using open-ended questions and rating scales about their mental health. We then analyse their responses with computational methods based on natural language processing (NLP). The results demonstrate that: (1) middle aged adults describe their mental health differently compared to younger adults; (2) where, for example, middle aged adults emphasise depression and loneliness whereas young adults list anxiety and financial concerns; (3) different semantic models are warranted for younger and middle aged adults; (4) compared to young participants, the middle aged participants described their mental health more accurately with words; (5) middle-aged adults have better mental health than younger adults as measured by semantic measures. In conclusion, NLP combined with machine learning methods may provide new opportunities to identify, model, and describe mental health in middle aged and younger adults and could possibly be applied to the older adults in future research. These semantic measures may provide ecological validity and aid the assessment of mental health.
Fluorescent dyes based on rhodamine derivatives for bioimaging and therapeutics: recent progress, challenges, and prospects
Authors: Zeng Shuang , Liu Xiaosheng , Kafuti Yves S. , Kim Heejeong , Wang Jingyun , Peng Xiaojun , Li Haidong , Yoon Juyoung
Published: July 2023

This review summarizes not only the fluorescent probes of rhodamine derivatives, but also the recent advances in rhodamine-based PSs in the treatment of various disease models.
Fabrication of a paper-based facile and low-cost microfluidic device and digital imaging technique for point-of-need monitoring of hypochlorite
Authors: Debnath Snehasish , Ghosh Riya , Pragti  , Mukhopadhyay Suman , Baskaran Kamesh Viswanathan , Chatterjee Pabitra B.
Published: July 2023

This article reports a facile prototype for producing a μPAD for instant detection of OCl−. A combination of the μPAD and digital colour imaging systems offers a promising analytical tool for OCl− monitoring in actual water samples.
Expanded single-color barcoding in microspheres with fluorescence anisotropy for multiplexed biochemical detection
Authors: Huang Wenyu , Cheng Yu , Zhai Jingying , Qin Yuemin , Zhang Weian , Xie Xiaojiang
Published: July 2023

Microspheric barcoding with fluorescence anisotropy in single color channels is presented here for the first time for multiplexed biochemical analysis.
A water-soluble fluorescent organic nano-photosensitizer for the ratiometric detection of mitochondrial G-quadruplexes with photodynamic therapy potential
Authors: Ma Qing-yu , Li Xiang , Zhou Wei , Li Xia-fen , Liu Yi-chen , Feng Gai-li , Tan Hongwei , Zhang Yuan , Xing Guo-wen
Published: July 2023

A water-soluble AIEgen (TPAL) that can self-assemble into fluorescent organic nanoparticles (TPALs) was designed for the ratiometric detection of mitochondrial DNA parallel G-quadruplexes with high selectivity and a low detection limit.
Photocatalytic dechlorination of unactivated chlorocarbons including PVC using organolanthanide complexes
Authors: Kynman Amy E. , Christodoulou Stella , Ouellette Erik T. , Peterson Appie , Kelly Sheridon N. , Maron Laurent , Arnold Polly
Published: July 2023

Simple lanthanide cyclopentadienyl (Cp) complexes can photochemically cleave the sp3 carbon–chlorine bond of unactivated chlorinated hydrocarbons including polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
Effects of polymer polarity on the interface interaction of polymer/liquid metal composites
Authors: Li Yuhang , Guo Hangyu , Xie Zilong , Fu Qiang
Published: July 2023

Liquid metals induce a polarity-dependent dipole–dipole interaction with polymers and improve the capacitive performances of high-polarity polymer/LM composites.
Coinage metal complexes of BN analogues of m-terphenyl ligands
Authors: Lamprecht Anna , Lindl Felix , Endres Lukas , Krummenacher Ivo , Braunschweig Holger
Published: July 2023

A BN analogue of a m-terphenyl ligand based on the 1,2-azaborinine motif is used to stabilize linear and dimeric group 11 metal complexes with close metal–metal contacts.
A modified group contribution method for estimating thermodynamic parameters of methanol-to-olefins over a SAPO-34 catalyst
Authors: Yu Junyi , Li Hua , Ye Mao , Liu Zhongmin
Published: July 2023

A modified group contribution method was established to realize batch calculation of thermodynamic parameters of zeolite catalytic reaction networks.
M supported on Al-defective Al2−δO3(M = Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ag, Au) as catalysts for acetylene semi-hydrogenation: a theoretical perspective
Authors: Li Bing-Bing , Ma Hong-Yan , Wang Gui-Chang
Published: July 2023

The trend of the hydrogenation activity and ethylene selectivity on atomic scattering M catalysts supported by Al-defective Al2O3.
CO2 capture by Li2CaSiO4 and enhancement with alkali carbonates
Authors: Wang Zhen , Sun Chenteng , Xu Qian , Zou Xingli , Cheng Hongwei , Lu Xionggang
Published: July 2023

Cyclic stability of P-Li2Ca (a), 10(LiNa)Li2Ca (b), and 10(LiNaK)Li2Ca (c) (carbonation: 550 °C, two hours, 80% CO2; regeneration: 590 °C, one hour, 100% N2).
Gas-phase formation of glycolonitrile in the interstellar medium
Authors: Guerrero-Méndez Luis , Lema-Saavedra Anxo , Jiménez Elena , Fernández-Ramos Antonio , Martínez-Núñez Emilio
Published: July 2023

The gas-phase reaction between hydroxyl radicals with ketenimine, resulting in the formation of glycolonitrile, exhibits remarkable efficiency in the interstellar medium conditions.
Electrochemistry of ethanol and dimethyl ether at a Pt electrode in a protic ionic liquid: the electrode poisoning mechanism
Authors: Muhammad Sayyar , Walsh Darren Anthony
Published: July 2023

A protic ionic liquid (PIL), N,N-diethyl-N-methyl ammonium trifluoromethane sulfonate, [dema][TfO] was synthesized and confirmed using 1H-NMR and ion chromatography (IC).
NH2-MIL-125/g-C3N4/Bi2O3/Ti photoanode for visible light responsive photocatalytic fuel cell degradation of rhodamine B and electricity generation
Authors: Dong Lin , Xu Yunlan , Zhong Dengjie , Zhong Nianbing , Han Zhuofan , Liu Yi , Chang Haixing
Published: July 2023

The synergy effect realizes the rapid separation of photogenerated carrers and ultimately improves the photoelectric conversion efficiency of PFC.
Bioactive peptides derived fromRadix Angelicae sinensisinhibit ferroptosis in HT22 cells through direct Keap1–Nrf2 PPI inhibition
Authors: Chen Ban , Ouyang Xiaojian , Cheng Chunfeng , Chen Dongfeng , Su Jiangtao , Hu Yuchen , Li Xican
Published: July 2023

Antioxidant peptides derived fromRadix Angelicae sinensiscan inhibit ferroptosis by directly inhibiting Keap1–Nrf2 PPI.