bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Additive manufacturing: Application and validation of machine learning-based process-structure-property linkages in Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Gong Xi , Groeneveld-Meijer Willem , Manogharan Guha
Published: December 2023

In the field of metal additive manufacturing (AM), various processes and heat treatments can yield unique grain morphologies, thereby influencing material properties and machining behavior. In this study, a novel workflow using a machine learning-based approach that combines statistical descriptors of textured AM-process induced microstructure, cutting force model (as a material response), and a data-mining method is established. It is proven to be a valid method for creating process-structure-property linkages for metal AM. This study focuses on two highly varied metal AM processes: Powder bed fusion (PBF, e.g., laser PBF and electron beam PBF) and directed energy deposition (DED, e.g., wire-fed plasma-directed energy deposition). The study also accounted for the effects of post-AM heat treatment and build orientation. It was found that the accuracy of material behavior predictions is highly correlated with AM processing conditions, building orientations, and machining conditions. Specifically, while initially applying PBF training data to DED samples resulted in a 15% root mean square prediction error, this error was subsequently reduced to <1% through cross-training using combined microstructure training data sets. This discrepancy could be attributed to the significantly different thermal cycling conditions in L-PBF and DED, which resulted in highly varied textured microstructures. Residual stresses generated during AM processing and the selection of machining parameters exert the highest impact on the machining behavior. The implications of these findings extend to the use of statistically descriptive microstructures for various AM processing conditions and build orientations in computational methods and other machining learning approaches.
Budaya Organisasi, Pelatihan, Motivasi dan Kepuasan terhadap Kinerja Perawat di Rs Ibu dan Anak (Rsia) ‘Aisyiyah Klaten
Authors: Ma'ruf Moh , Sudarwati  , Istiatin
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this study was to find out how organizational culture, training, motivation, and job satisfaction influence nurse performance. This research method is quantitative descriptive correlational. The sample used was 80 nurses, data collection using a questionnaire was carried out in May-June 2023. The results showed that organizational culture, training, motivation, and satisfaction with performance obtained r= 0.622, 0.579, 0.615, 0.609 with the probability of each of these variables being 0.000 <0.005, which means that there is a significant relationship/correlation between organizational culture, training, motivation, and satisfaction with performance. In addition, each of these variables describes a positive relationship, which means that the higher the organizational culture, the training, increased motivation and the higher the level of satisfaction, the higher the performance of nurses. The conclusion from this study is that organizational culture, training, motivation, and satisfaction affect the performance of nurses at RSIA ‘Aisyiyah Klaten.
Strategi Pemasaran Go Digital Mitra UMKM Rumah BUMN Bandar Lampung (Studi Kasus Coffee Anjosia)
Authors: Purnomo Agus
Published: December 2023

In the digital era, the role of technology is very important in helping MSMEs to market their products and services. The existing problems include sales results fluctuating and tending to decline, the company not being right in marketing. This research aims to evaluate the marketing strategy of Rumah BUMN Bandar Lampung MSMEs through the application of Go Digital to MSME Partners, with a case study of the Coffee Anjosia business. The method used is descriptive qualitative by obtaining data through interviews, observation and document analysis. The results of the analysis show that the implementation of Go Digital at Rumah BUMN Bandar Lampung MSME Partners has an important role in helping MSMEs market their products and services. An effective strategy can be achieved by maintaining and increasing high consumer demand, creating training plans for Anjosia employees related to adapting to current technology in managing business marketing, providing special prices to loyal customers for large purchases, and utilizing social media such as Instagram by routinely create content every week on social media.

 Keywords: marketing strategy; go digital, MSMEs, Anjosia Coffee
МЕТОД ПРИСКОРЕНОГО РОЗВАНТАЖЕННЯ МАЙНА ПРИ МАСОВИХ ПЕРЕВЕЗЕННЯХ ВІЙСЬКОВОЮ АВТОМОБІЛЬНОЮ ТЕХНІКОЮ
Authors: Ковалюк О.
Published: December 2023

This Article proposed a new accelerations methods supply load of broad nomenclature at the organize of mass transports. In the quality of еxperimental material may be used universal multilifts similar to transport sistems “Мultilift” on the baze trucks of general appointment GAZ-53-12, ZIL-157, ZIL-130-76, Ural-377N, ZIL-133GYA, КаmAZ-5320 and military cаrs of multypurpoze appointment GAZ-66, ZIL-131, Ural-375D, Ural-4320, КаmAZ-4310, КrAZ-260, КrAZ-5233, КrAZ-6322, MАZ-6317.
The aim of this work is search alternаtive methods to increase the іntensifyty of аutomobile transports, degris time for search the ground of loading and get property, degris labour personnel at load of things, degris of losses and injure military property at overload.
The difference of this project consist in the chance to selekt оptimal road and ivcrease еffectivity cargotraffic in Armed Forces of Ukraine.
The practical considerable of word appear at increase volume of transport baggage for the provide exist AMТ Armed Forces of Ukraine without increase the guantity of automobile technic, possibility improve the net logistics supply in modern strugle, and digrease of work on military automobile technic.
Keywords: baggage of broad nomenclature, the mass transport, universal “Мultilift”, military cаrs of multypurpoze appointment, losses of military baggage.
ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВТРАТ ОСОБОВОГО СКЛАДУ РЕМОНТНО-ВІДНОВЛЮВАЛЬНИХ ПІДРОЗДІЛІВ НА ЗБІРНОМУ ПУНКТІ ПОШКОДЖЕНИХ МАШИН
Authors: Костюченко С. , Бордіян В. , Дехтяренко К. , Лискавчук В.
Published: December 2023

For the timely and high-quality restoration of weapons and military equipment that received combat or operational damage during the conduct of hostilities (operations), military command and control bodies carry out technical support planning measures during which one of the stages is to determine the capabilities of repair and restoration units (military units) .
The experience of conducting combat operations during the anti-terrorist operation and the operation of the joint forces on the territory of the Donetsk and Luhansk regions indicates inaccuracies in the mathematical dependencies for determining the capabilities of repair and restoration units to carry out repair work during the planning of technical support. These mathematical dependencies do not take into account the losses of repairmen in the absence of a proper camouflage pattern for weapons and military equipment.
The disguise of technical support units and subunits consists in the elimination or weakening of unmasking signs that reveal the purpose and nature of the tasks they perform.
Therefore, the purpose of the article is to determine the dependence of the average daily losses of repair specialists on the organization of masking the assembly point of damaged vehicles.
For more accurate calculations, the article takes into account the determination of the rational parameters of the horizontal mask, deformable pixel coverage of equipment, as well as the mathematical dependence of determining the production capabilities of repair and restoration units for the repair of damaged weapons and military equipment, taking into account the average daily sanitary, permanent and psychogenic losses of personnel.
Keywords: horizontal camouflage net, pixelated coverage of equipment, repair and restoration units (parts), repair, specialists, losses
Outcomes of 25th session of the North Eurasian Climate Outlook Forum combined with the project inception regional workshop under the auspices of the UN ESCAP: Enhancing knowledge and capacity to build resilience to slow-onset disasters in Central Asia / Khan V.M., Vilfand R.M., Tishchenko V.A., Sumerova K.A., Emelina S.V., Nabokova E.V., Kaverina E.S.,. Kulikova I.A, Kruglova E.N., Tolstykh M.A. // Hydrometeorological Research and Forecasting, 2023, no. 4 (390), pp. 154-169.
Authors:   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Khan V.M. , Vilfand R.M. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Tishchenko V.A. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Sumerova K.A. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Emelina S.V. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Nabokova E.V. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Каверина Е.С. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Куликова И.А. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Kruglova E.N. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Tolstykh M.A. ,   Hydrometeorological Research Center of Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: December 2023

The North Eurasian Climate Center held the 25th session of the North Eurasian Climate Outlook Forum (NEACOF-25) combined with the project inception regional workshop under the auspices of the UN Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific (ESCAP). In total, 143 participants from 12 countries were registered at the event, 60 of them took part in the forum in person. During NEACOF-25, a consensus forecast of air temperature and precipitation anomalies for the territory of Northern Eurasia for the winter of 2023/2024 was presented. The NEACOF-25 consensus forecast is in agreement with the outlook of the large-scale atmospheric circulation from other world forecasting centers. Based on the consensus forecast and using the ESCAP methodology, an experimental outlook of the impact on agriculture, water resources and emergency management was given for the first time. During the program, work was also done to identify and harmonize national climate risk profiles in the countries of Central Asia. Keywords: North Eurasian Climate Outlook Forum, ESCAP, climate model, climate risks, consensus outlook, air temperature and precipitation seasonal anomalies
Developing an Effcient Framework and Mathematical Modelling for Municipal Solid Waste Management in India
Authors: Majumder Arunava , Puhan Avinandan , Majumder Abhijit , Kaur Gurpreet , Adhikari Manoj Singh
Published: December 2023

An increase in municipal waste has become one of the biggest problems today. Managing waste is a big challenge for every country. Municipal waste management includes transportation and recycling of waste, which needs huge funds. Moreover, significant carbon emissions occur while transporting garbage from one site to another. Thus, this study focuses on reducing the cost due to municipal solid waste (MSW) transportation. The research aims to develop a mathematical model of the supply chain of MSW management. The process of segregation and recycling is also considered in this study. We consider six Indian states and identify the dumping location of the garbage. The study proposes an efficient framework for selecting the segregation hub location and location of MSW treatment plants. The outcomes would be beneficial to achieve an efficient waste management strategy with reduced cost. The numerical simulation results of the model provides the minimum transportation cost as Rs. 4.92 × 106 according to the locations selected for the study. The final strategic decisions is feasible under the constraint sets considered in the model.
Green Marketing in Sustainable Business: Utilizing Fly Ash as a Cement Substitute to Reduce CO2 Emissions in the Mortar Industry
Authors: Setya Negara Ade Irma , Destiana Tunggal Pramesti  , Muhammad Sodikun
Published: December 2023

Green marketing has become increasingly important in efforts to achieve sustainable business, especially in the mortar industry. The use of fly ash as a cement substitute has emerged as a technological innovation aimed at reducing CO2 emissions in mortar production. This research explores the close relationship between green marketing and the use of fly ash in this industry, as well as its impact on business sustainability. Through analysis of green marketing strategies, the use of fly ash in mortar composition, and the associated environmental impacts, this research aims to provide in-depth insight into how sustainable business practices and technological innovation can collaborate in creating environmentally friendly products. By focusing on this research, companies can advance their efforts to reduce CO2 emissions while strengthening their corporate image as an entity that cares about the environment and is committed to sustainability. This research promotes efforts to replace conventional practices with more sustainable and environmental approaches, leading to broader benefits for our planet and society as a whole.
Education for Kenyan Girls in the Post Covid-19 ERA: Mitigating Strategies for Future Pandemics
Authors: Marakis Jerono Kiprop
Published: December 2023

The study examined the effects of school closure during the COVID-19 pandemic on the education of secondary school girls in Moiben Sub-County, Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. It used a mixed-method research design that targeted classroom teachers and Form III and IV students from mixed-day public secondary schools. A sample size representing 251 students was selected, while 66 teachers were purposively selected as respondents for the study. The data for the paper was collected using questionnaires. Data analysis was done using descriptive statistics and presented in tables and figures. The study found that 10 – 14% of students dropped out of school due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Of those who dropped out, the girls accounted for more than 60.0% of the ones who did not resume their education after the opening of schools in January 2021. The study found that teenage pregnancies, child labour, early marriages, and low household income contributed to girls’ not returning back to school. The paper recommends that the government set up appropriate interventions to ensure that future pandemics do not result in the discontinuity of education for students by investing in proper physical and human infrastructure. Other recommendations have been highlighted in the paper
Impact of the direct acting antivirals on chronic hepatitis C prevalence on the Swiss organ transplantation list: a retrospective analysis
Authors: Falcato Luis , Temperli Simone , Bruggmann Philip , Immer Franz
Published: December 2023

Aim: In Switzerland, the first access to interferon-free direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment was in 2014. This study aimed to analyze the effects of DAAs on the yearly listed numbers of HCV RNA-positive (RNA+) patients and their mortality on the Swiss organ transplantation waiting list (SOWL).
Methods: In this retrospective secondary time series analysis of yearly aggregated data on listed and delisted patients from a subset of HCV RNA+ patients on the SOWL, listed patients were grouped by the requested organ, and delisted patients by reason. Time series were split into two periods of equal length, the phases before and after DAA implementation, and the mean difference was tested using the Mann-Whitney U test.
Results: From 2008 to 2019, 328 HCV RNA+ patients were listed on SOWL, 86.6% requesting liver, 11.6% kidney, and 1.8% other organ transplantations. A total of 285 RNA+ patients were delisted from SOWL: 14.7% died, 75.4% had been transplanted, and 9.8% were delisted without surgery. There were significant reductions of patients listed for requesting any organ (– 21.7, P = 0.004), liver (– 18.3, P = 0.004), or kidney (– 3.0, P = 0.031) comparing the periods before and after DAA launch. The mean number of delistings after transplantation (– 11.2, P = 0.010), or death (– 4, P < 0.001) show a significant reduction.
Conclusions: With DAAs, the rising trend of HCV RNA+ people waiting for organs was broken, as was the increasing trend of mortality on the SOWL among HCV RNA+ individuals.
Deciphering the liver enigma: distinguishing drug-induced liver injury and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease—a comprehensive narrative review
Authors: García-Cortés Miren , Toro-Ortiz Juan Pedro , García-García Alberto
Published: December 2023

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) poses a complex and heterogeneous clinical challenge, which often resembles non-drug related acute or chronic liver diseases, such as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Furthermore, certain drugs can induce hepatic steatosis, which is considered a rare variant of hepatotoxicity. Additionally, the detection and diagnosis of DILI in patients with non-alcoholic liver disease present additional challenges that require attention. The importance of achieving an accurate diagnosis is highlighted by the different therapeutic approaches needed for each of these diseases. Nonetheless, as definitive diagnostic tests and distinct biomarkers often remain elusive, the differential diagnosis must rely on a combination of clinical, biochemical, histological, and immunophenotypic profiling. The diagnosis of hepatotoxicity is predicated upon the temporal nexus between the administration of a potentially hepatotoxic drug and the onset of hepatic injury, concomitantly excluding alternative hepatic pathologies. More frequently, this condition presents an acute course, with a more pronounced elevation of cytolytic and cholestatic parameters as compared to fatty liver disease. Advances in elucidating the underlying mechanisms hold promise for bolstering the diagnosis and management of these conditions. This article aims to thoroughly examine and emphasize the currently available scientific evidence to provide valuable insights into the diagnostic strategies for DILI, metabolic-associated liver disease, and drug-induced steatosis (DIS).
Clinical presentation and treatment of urethral stricture in Hawari Hospital.
Authors: Al bashari Younis M. , Elayan Mohamed A. , Elkhafifi Muftah H. , Bakar Hussam H.
Published: December 2023

Urethral structure disease (USD) is a common urological problem and considered difficult to man to high recurrence rate and wide variety of management approach. The objective of this study was to the pattern of incidence, clinical presentation, causes, and treatment of urethral stncture in Hawari University Hospital Benghazi, Libya.Patients and methods: This study was a retrospective cohort analysis conducted among consecutive individuals pre diagnosed and/or were treated for urethral stricture in Hawan University Hospital using medical data from January 1st 2017 to December 31st 2019.Results: A total of 118 cases of urethral structure were recorded between 2017 and 2019, The mean age of all ents was 47.5 years, approximate 98.2% were males and 1.69% were female. However, the peak incidence of uring urethral stricture between 60-79 years of age and represents approximately 37.2%. The most common presenting symptoms were obstructive voiding symptoms and accounts about 50.8% of all cases. Eighty three of Strictures (70.3%) were due to trauma. The most common procedures used to manage urethral structures were visual urethrotomy (67.7%), cystoscopy and dilatation (19.4%), and urethroplasty (5%).Conclusion: Trauma is the leading cause of urethral structure in urology center. Iatrogenic strctures were com mon. Urethroplasty gives satisfactory outcome. Efforts should be made to reduce urethral strcture.
جرائم الخمر في التشريع الجنائي الليبي دراسة مقارنة بالشريعة الإسلامية
Authors: المجبري عبد السلام
Published: December 2023

تعتبر جرائم الخمر من الجرائم التي يمكن وصفها بأنها يومية في بلادنا ، وقد كانت الخمارات والحانات والفنادق العامة من العوامل المساعدة ع لى ارتكابها . حيث كانت تلك الحانات تستند في وجودها على مسوغ شرعي هو الرخصة ، الأمر الذي كان يعتبر ثغرة هامة في تطبيق القانون بالنسبة للمواطنين الليبيين ويحول دون متابعتهم إذ أن تلك (الخمارات أو البارات )التي توجد بالفنادق العامة أو غيرها من المنتديات الليلية كانت تمهد السبيل نحو الجريمة بالتسهيلات التي تمنح للجميع ، خلافا للقانون ، بالتقديم والبيع . وبذلك  أصبح الحانة وسيلة للتحايل على القانون وخرق الشرعية بشكل مستمر.
وإذا كان المشرع قد خول غير المسلمين تعاطي الخمر والتعامل فيها فيما بينهم فان ذلك مرده إلى وضعهم الخاص في البلاد وبسبب اختلافهم عن المسلمين في الدين والعقيدة .
رأي الاسلام في التسيير والاحتكار
Authors: عبد الحميد د.عمر مولود
Published: December 2023

كثير من الناس مشغولون بأمر التسعير الذي تفرضه الجهات المسؤولة عن المبيعات بين مؤيد له و ناقم عليه . كما أن الكثير منهم أيضاً يتساءلون عن احتكار البضائع وحبسها عن الأسواق. انتظاراً لربح وفير او احتياج واضح للشيء المحتكر . وقد سئلت عن رأي الاسلام في هاتين المسألتين مراراً ويسعدني هنا ان اقدم لمن يشغل باله بهما هذا البحث المتواضع مبينا فيه آراء العلماء ووجهة نظر هم وادلتهم على ما ذهبوا اليه بخصوصهما . مساهمة مني في ازالة اللبس والخفاء . ورفعة للحيرة والقلق اللذين يظهران جلياً على من مسه التسعير الجبري بشيء مما لا يشتهيه ولا يرتضيه . او اصيب بضائقة بسبب احتجاب الضروريات عن مضان وجودها عادة . 
وسيكون حديثي على حكم التسعير اولا ، وعلى حكم الاحتكار ثانياً .
تشغيل المسجونين في ليبيا
Authors: غالي الدهي د.إدوار
Published: December 2023

تطور فكرة العمل في السجون : 
عرف العمل في السجون منذ عهد بعيد ، وكان الغرض منه متمشياً مع الغرض من العقوبة ، ولذا كان يهدف إلى تعذيب المحكوم عليه بتشغيله في اشق الأعمال ، حتى قبل إن سلب الحرية لم يكن هو القصد من العقاب ، وإنما كان يأتي تابعاً للعمل الشاق الذي يقوم به المسجون باعتباره الغاية الحقيقية من العقوبة.
وفي مطلع القرن الثامن عشر تغيرت النظرة إلى العقوبة السالبة للحرية ، كنتيجة لانتشار الأفكار العقابية الحديثة و مبدأ المساواة بين جميع الناس ، فلم يعد المسجون بمثابة  (عبد) تسترقه إدارة السجون ، وإنما هو مواطن تردى في هوة الجريمة، ويجب بذل كافة الجهود لمعاونته و تمكينه من العودة إلى الطريق السليم. وترتب على ذلك أن تغيرت فكرة العمل في السجون ، فلم يعد القصد منه تعذيب المحكوم عليه وإنما أصبح عنصرا أساسيا في المعاملة العقابية يهدف إلى تحقيق أغراض مختلفة أهمها تهذیب وتأهيل المحكوم عليه.
LE LITIGE INTERNATIONAL DEVANT LES TRIBUNAUX LIBYENS
Authors: BUZGHAIA Ahmed
Published: December 2023

Dans cette étude, on entend par litige international, le litige issu des rapports internationaux intéressant des particuliers, ce sont d'abord, ceux qui ne mettent en cause que des particuliers et qui outrepassent les limites d'un Etat unique, en ce que, par leurs divers éléments, ils se rattachent à deux ou même plusieurs Etats simultanément. Il se distingue du litige international au sens de droit international public parce que les parties en cause sont des particuliers et non des Etats, et il se distingue également du litige interne en raison de ces éléments tenant aux personnes et au lieux.
Ainsi, le litige est international quand les parties sont de nationalité différente ou quand ils ont leur domicile dans des pays différents, ou encore quand le litige est né d'un contrat conclu ou qui doit être exécuté hors du pays de la nationalité ou du domicile dans des pays différents, ou encore quand le litige est né d'un contrat conclu ou qui doit être exécuté hors du pays de la nationalité ou du domicile des parties.
Ce sont ces litiges qui nous intéressent ici, car il est évident que les tribunaux Libyens, comme les tribunaux de tous les pays, ne connaissent pas des litiges entre Etats (litiges internationaux au sens du droit international public). Mais quels sont les tribunaus Libyens ?
Au lendemain de l'indépendance (24 décembre 1951), le législateur trouva un héritage lourd, caractérisé par la diversité des organes judiciaires. Cette diversité commença avec l'annexion de la Libye à l'Italie (5 novembre 1911) lorsque les institutions judiciaires de la métropole furent transposées en Libye, mais sous
une exception traditionnelle d'après laquelle le statut personnel fut attribué à des tribunaux spéciaux, ce qui aboutit à la création des tribunaux sharaïtes qui connaissent les affaires relatives au statut personnel des musulmans et des tribunaux rabbiniques en ce qui concerne le statut personnel des israélites.
دور القاضي المدني في صنع القواعد القانونية أو الدور الخلاق القاضي
Authors: عبد العظيم جيرة د.عبد العظيم
Published: December 2023

تقتضي دراسة دور القاضي في صنع القواعد القانونية أن نعرض اولا لمدى سلطة القاضي في صنع القاعدة التي يفصل على اساسها في منازعة معينة معروضة عليه حينما لا تسعفه المصادر الرسمية القائمة في حل تلك المنازعة .

واذ ننتهي الى ضرورة الاعتراف بحق القاضي في صنع قاعدة الخصومة تعين - استكمالا لعناصر الموضوع - ان نبحث في قيمة تلك القاعدة ومصيرها، وما اذا كان من شأن تواترها أو صدورها من محكمة عليا أن يحيلها من قاعدة محدودة الاثر بالخصومة التي تقررت بشأنها إلى قاعدة عامة ملزمة ، وان يرقى بها على هذا النحو الى مدارج المصادر الرسمية للقاعدة القانونية ، ام انه مهما اطرد تطبيق القاعدة ، وايا ما كانت منزلة المحكمة التي أصدرتها فانها تظل رغم ذلك مجردة من كل قوة ملزمة .
والبحث في شقيه بس موضوعين من أدق وأهم موضوعات علم القانون، الأول هو بيان طبيعة ونطاق الوظيفة القضائية، وما إذا كانت تقف بالقاضي عند مجرد التطبيق الآلي للقواعد القانونية المقررة، أم أنها تتعدى ذلك إلي أنشاء وصنع قواعد مستحدثة، والثاني هو تحديد المصادر الرسمية للقاعدة القانونية وما إذا كانت تقتصر على التشريع والعرف أم أنها تعقد لتشمل المبادئ القضائية.
سبق الإصرار بين نظرية الخطأ ونظرية الاسناد
Authors: التونجی د.عبد السلام
Published: December 2023

مفهو سبق الإصرار:
سبق الإصرار: الاصرار لغة يفيد العزم وهو مصدر من فعل اصر فيقال أصر ، يصر، أصرارا واصر على الأمر عزم عليه ، وأصر لزمه وداومه وثبت عليه ، وأكثر ما يستعمل في الشر والذنوب فيقال أصر على أذنب أذا لم يقلع عنه واصر على القتل عزم عليه .

وفي القانون : الاصرار تعبير استعمله القانون المصري في المادة / 231 من قانون العقوبات فعرفه بما يلى :

الاصرار السابق هو القصد المصمم عليه قبل الفعل لارتكاب جنحة او جناية يكون غرض المصر فيها ايذاء شخص معين او اي شخص غير معين وجده او صادفه ، سواء أكان القصد معلقا على حدوث أمر او موقوفا على شرط .
الضوابط الشرعية للأخذ بأيسر المذاهب
Authors: الزحيلي وهبه
Published: December 2023

وما خير رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم بين أمرين قط إلا اختار أيسرها ، ما لم يكن مأثما ».
( أخرجه مالك والبخاري والترمذي )
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيمالحمد كله لله تعالى، وأقدس الصلاة والسلام على رسل الله الكرام وخاتم الأنبياء العظام ورضي الله عن الصحابة والآل والتابعين لهم بإحسان، وعن الأئمة المجتهدين ذوي الأفضال وبعد:فان عملية «التخير أو الانتقاء من آراء المذاهب الاسلامية » كانت هي الضوء الأخضر الذي أضاء الطريق أمام العاملين في العصر الحاضر على إنهاض الفكر الاسلامي ، والقائمين فعلا بوضع التشريعات أو التقنيات المستمدة من معين الفقه الإسلامي ، تمشيا مع متطلبات التطور ، وضغط الحاجات ، ومراعاة مصالح الناس في كل زمان ومكان .
عن الإثبات تقارير الدكتور عوض محمد عوض
Authors: عوض د.عوض محمد
Published: December 2023

(1) إثبات الحد في تشريع الزني بين الاطلاق والتقييد1- خلو تشريع الزني من بيان أدلة الاثبات ودلالة هذا المسلك:نصت المادة الثانية من تشريع الزنی على اقامة الحد على الزاني وفقا الأحكام الشريعة الاسلامية، فقضت بجلده وأجازت تعزیره بالحبس مع الجلد. ومع ذلك فقد خلت نصوص هذا التشريع من بيان أدلة الإثبات التي يبنى عليها الحكم بالحد. ومسلك التشريع في هذا الشأن يستوقف النظر وربما أثار الخلاف، فهناك غير تشريع الزنى تشريعات أخرى قضت بإقامة الحد وفقا لأحكام الشريعة الاسلامية ، منها ما تقدم تشريع الزنى في الصدور ومنها ما تلاه ، وهي تشريعات السرقة والحرابة ، والقذف ، والخمر ، وقد حرصت هذه التشريعات جميعا على بيان أدلة الإثبات اللازمة لاقامة الحد.
الديمقراطية المباشرة
Authors: أبو الخیر أ.طه
Published: December 2023

يفرض لفظ الديمقراطية وجوده في مختلف اللغات على ألسنة الجماهير في عصرنا هذا وهو لفظ ساخر وخادع في آن واحد، يسحر الجماهير العريضة ببريق المشاركة في الحرية وبتحقيق المساواة وتكافؤ الفرص والعدل ويخدعهم حين تتسربل به كل أنظمة الحكم صالحها وطالحها صحيحها وفاسدها ، وحتى انتهى المطاف بهذه الكلمة الساحرة الى أن أصبحت ستارا للفساد والاستبداد والقهر والظلم والديكتاتورية.والديمقراطية في اللغة كلمة اغريقية مركبة تتكون من لفظين :أي الشعب و أي السلطة، وتعني الديمقراطية بذلك سلطة الشعب أي أن الشعب هو صاحب السيادة .والديمقراطية قديما عرفها التاريخ البعيد وذكرها هيرودوت وتحدث عنها أفلاطون وعبر عنها بأنها الارادة المجتمعة للمدينة ولكن الديمقراطية القديمة لم يكن يتمتع بها سوى القلة وهم طبقة المواطنين الأحرار وأما بقية الشعب من الجماهير العريضة من العبيد فكانت محرومة من الديمقراطية .
L'ENTREPRISE D'ETAT DANS LE DROIT ADMINISTRATIF ET FINANCIER POLONAIS
Authors: GORONOWSKI WACLAW
Published: December 2023

MAIRE:1. La notion de l'entreprise d'Etat en droit administratif polonais. 2. La classification des entreprises d'Etat. 3. Le directeur de l'entreprise d'Etat et l'autogestion ouvrière. 4. Le calcul économique. 5. Les prémis ses et les objectifs de la réglementation juridique de la gestion financiére de l'entreprise d'Etat.
LES DERNIERES EVOLUTIONS FINANCIERES DANS LES RAPPORTS PETROLIERS LIBYENS
Authors: El Murtadi Dr. Abdelrazeg
Published: December 2023

Annales des Mines Arab Oil Review Bulletin Analytique du Comité Professional du Pétrole (Paris) Bulletin de l'Association Française des Techniciens du Pétrole Bulletin de l'Industrie Pétrolière Basic Oil Laws and Concession Contracts Journal Officiel (Libyen) Middle East Economic Survery Oil and Gas Journal Petroleum Economist (Petroleum Press Service) « Texte Français » Pétrole et Gaz Arabes Pétrole Information Petroleum Intelligence Weekly Review of Arab Petroleum Revue Française de l'Energie La Revue Pétrolière Review of Petroleum and Economics Technique du Pétrole

P.P.S.)

E DES SOCIETES PETROLIERES E. Co Arabian Gulf Exploration Company (Libye) 1.M. Co Arabian American Oil Company (Arabie Séoudite)
Unilateral Talon Cusp on Primary Lateral incisor in a three-year-old Libyan Girl: A Case Report and Literature Review.
Authors:   benghazi of unvistry, R Elmehdawi Huda
Published: December 2023

Background: Talon cusp is an uncommon dental anomaly; it is a cusp-like projection appears usually on the palatal surfaces of maxillary anterior teeth in both deciduous and permanent teeth. Case report: A threeyear-old Libyan girl seeks the dentist for carious anterior teeth. On examination: asymptomatic talon cusp on the palatal side of tooth 52 was found. Discussion: Talon cusp is more common in permanent dentition than primary dentition, and is relatively rare in primary maxillary lateral Incisor comparing with the primary maxillary central incisors. Conclusion: Talon cusp is asymptomatic, but it could affect esthetic or interfere with occlusion, and might be a sign for a developmental anomaly in its permanent successors, so early diagnosis and management are important.
Oral Health Related Quality of Life Among Completely Edentulous Patients
Authors: Elhddad Abdelsalam I M , EL-Refadi Roba I , Kablan Rasha A
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Age and tooth loss are expected to have a complex relationship with oral health-related quality of life so the purpose of this study was to assess the impact of tooth loss ( Edentulous) on oral health-related quality of life, using the short form of Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) among completely edentulous patients in one dental institution in Benghazi, Libya.

Subjects and Methods: The study was performed at Faculty of Dentistry University of Benghazi, Libya. Patients attending dental clinics of prosthetic department. Those who needed dentures were interviewed using (OHIP-14), by one investigator. OHIP-14 assess perceived experiences of quality of life using 5 likert scale from 1 to 5 (1=never , 5=very often). The enrolment period was five months (January –May 2017). Socio demographic information were also collected. Only individuals who have been edentulous for the last three month were involved in the study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics.

Results: A total of 48 edentulous patients were recruited for this study, (56.2 %) of them were females. About 52.1% of participants were illiterate, while only (8.3%) have been graduate from university. About (75%) of participants have been often unable to function due to loss of their teeth. On the other hand (79.2%) of them ever or hardly ever got difficulty doing usual jobs because loss of their teeth. In our study we conclude that less than half of participants never or hardly ever got trouble with pronouncing any word because loss of their teeth.

Conclusion: These findings suggest that teeth loss has significant impacts on quality of life. Further work is required to fully investigate these impacts and how we can intervene to improve the quality of life of these important group of patients.
Reasons for Tooth Extraction among Libyan Adults: Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Elzer Ashraf , Ensir Hana , Elsalhi Ali , Kablan Rasha , Jedeh Mohamed , Elramli Ahmed , Eddaiki Abdussalam
Published: December 2023

Background: Tooth loss can be due to many causes, which results in many bad consequences on the dentition function and esthetics.

Aims: This study was aimed to assess reasons and patterns of tooth extraction among Libyan adults.

Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in six Libyan cities (Benghazi, Derna, Misurata, Tripoli, Zintan, and Hoon) representing different geographical provinces of the country.  Data was collected over 6-month period (from September 2016 to March 2017) using an especially designed form recruiting Libyan patients aged ≥17 years of age who visited the participating dental practices and who provided a verbal consent to take a part in the study. The reasons for tooth extraction were classified as: dental caries, severe periodontitis, trauma, impaction, orthodontics reasons, prosthodontics reasons, associated with a pathological lesions (such as cysts), failed root canal treatment, and retained primary or supernumerary teeth. Variables studied were patient’s age, gender, educational level, occupation status and type of dental clinic. SPSS software were used for data analysis and the appropriate statistical tests were applied at (p value set at 0.05).

Results: The mean age of participants was 38.6 years with standard deviation (SD) of 14.83. A total of 2958 permanent teeth were extracted. The main reason for tooth extraction was dental caries 1912 (64.6%), followed by severe periodontitis 270 (9.1%), tooth impaction 231 (7.8%), prosthodontic reasons 172 (5.8%) and failed root canal treatment 157 (5.3%). The most common teeth extracted were the lower right third molar 235 (7.9%), lower left third molar 227 (7.75) and lower left first molar 187 (6.3%) respectively. The most common age group of female patients was 21-30 years as they had 779 (26.3%) teeth extracted. Low education level was the most frequent risk factor for tooth extraction 1663 (57.2%) in this group of patients.

Conclusion: The result of this study indicated that dental caries and periodontal diseases still the major causes of tooth loss among Libyan adults
Awareness of and Practices Related to Forensic Dentistry Among Libyan Dentists
Authors: Mouadeb Oswa , Naser Yasmin , Kewidir Tasnem , El ramli Ahmed , Elkawash Hend , Arheiam Arheiam
Published: December 2023

Objectives: Given that Libya has recently become a hot spot of armed conflicts, this study aims to investigate Libyan dentists’ awareness of practices related to forensic dentistry, to inform public health policy and dental education curriculum. 

Methods: A paper-based, self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among Libyan dentists working in Benghazi between January and April 2017. The sample frame comprised all government and private dental practices in the city. The questionnaire required information on respondents’ demographic and professional characteristics, sources of information, attitude, practices, and barriers related to forensic dentistry. Collected data were analyzed using SPSS software.

Results: Out of 250 questionnaires distributed, 200 were returned and used for analysis. More than half of the respondents were males (51%), and few of them worked in both private and public sectors (4.5% and 6%), and almost all of them were Libyans. Although most heard about it, only a small proportion (13%) received forensic dentistry education. A few numbers of the respondents (8) reported handling forensic cases. Around a third of participants indicated keeping some form of patient records. However, only (13.5%) of participants agreed that keeping patients’ records is essential, and about (9.5%) of them disagreed. In addition, more than half of the participants (65.5%) claimed that they believe that keeping such records is essential, but they are not able to.

Conclusion: Despite a positive attitude towards and awareness of the importance of forensic dentistry, more educational and practice enabling efforts are needed to support the humanitarian role of dentists in conflict-affected environments such as Libya.
Denture Hygiene Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Toward Patient Education in Denture Care among Dental Clinicians in Benghazi City, Libya
Authors: Elhddad Abdelsalam I. , Elnaili Salma A. , Beaayou Hawwa S , Bushwigeer Sara S.
Published: December 2023

Background: Denture cleaning is essential to prevent malodor, poor aesthetics and the accumulation of plaque/calculus with its deleterious effects on the mucosa. Moreover, denture and mucosal tissues of the edentulous mouth's hygiene, especially in the elderly are essential for overall health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the denture hygiene knowledge and attitudes toward patient education in denture care among dentists in Benghazi, Libya.

Materials & Methods: The present questionnaire survey was conducted on 180 dentists. A self-administrated questionnaire was designed to gather the socio-demographic characteristics, assess the denture hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices among dental clinicians. The data was entered and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS Version 20 for Windows, SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL).

Results: A total of 155 questionnaires had been returned to the researcher giving a response rate 86 %. The sample comprised of 74.8% of females and 25.2% of males. About 57.4% of participants were general dental practitioner. While 17.4% and 25.2% of them specialist (prosthodontics and non -prosthodontics). About 87.6% of dental general practitioner had aware about accumulation of oral biofilm on denture, but almost of them did not know that   the oral biofilm associated with denture stomatitis. While high rates of specialists (prosthodontics 74.1% and non-prosthodontics 64.1%) had positive attitude in compared with general practitioner 48.3% (The difference was significant) about explaining denture hygiene instructions to old patients. All of prosthodontics gave patient's instruction regarding the denture cleansing methods at the time of denture delivery 64% of them used verbal medium for instruction delivery.

Conclusion: Dental general practitioner had limited knowledge and attitudes toward patient education in denture care whereas specialists had sufficient denture hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices toward patient education in denture care.
Totally Volume Integral of Fluxes for Discontinuous Galerkin Method (TVI-DG) II-One Dimensional System of Equations
Authors: Rustum E. I. Elhadi
Published: December 2023

This is the second paper in a series in which we construct the totally volume integrals of Riemann flux mimicking Godunov flux for discontinuous Galerkin method. In this work the boundaries integrals of the Riemann fluxes are transformed into volume integral. The new family of DG method is accomplished by applying the divergence theorem to the boundaries integrals of the Riemann fluxes. Therefore, the discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method is independent on the boundaries integrals of fluxes at the cell (element) boundaries as in the classical discontinuous Galerkin (DG) methods. The modified streamline upwind Petrov-Galerkin method is used to capture the oscillation of unphysical flow for shocked flow problems. The numerical results of applying totally volume integral discontinuous Galerkin method (TVI-DG) are presented for Euler's equations in one-dimensional cases. The numerical finding of this scheme is very accurate as compared to exact solutions.
Potential therapeutic targets for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Glucagon-like peptide 1
Authors: Yin Yue-Hua , Sang Li-Xuan , Chang Bing
Published: December 2023

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most rapidly growing contributor to liver mortality and morbidity. Hepatocellular injury in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is caused by an increase in metabolic substrates (glucose, fructose, and fatty acids), leading fatty acids to participate in pathways that cause cellular injury and a poor response to injury. The pathogenesis of this disease is largely associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and increasing age. To date, there are no Food and Drug Administration-approved treatments for NAFLD/NASH or its associated fibrosis. Since one of the pathogenic drivers of NASH is insulin re-sistance, therapies approved for the treatment of type 2 diabetes are being evaluated in patients with NASH. Currently, the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1RA) semaglutide is a safe, well-studied therapeutic for NAFLD/ NASH patients. Existing research demonstrates that semaglutide can increase the resolution of NASH but not improve fibrosis. However, improving the fibrosis of NAFLD is the only way to improve the long-term prognosis of NAFLD. Given the complex pathophysiology of NASH, combining therapies with complementary mechanisms may be beneficial. Researchers have conducted trials of semaglutide in combination with antifibrotic drugs. However, the results have not fully met expectations, and it cannot be ruled out that the reason is the short trial time. We should continue to pay increasing attention to GLP-1RAs.
Antiviral Activity of Double-Stranded Ribonucleic Acid and Interferon Alpha Composition in the Model of Experimental Influenza Infection of Mice
Authors: Gamaley S. G. , Skarnovich М. O. , Makarevich E. V. , Mazurkov О. Yu. , Shishkina L. N. , Ivanova О. S. , Levagina G. M. , Danilenko Е. D.
Published: December 2023

High variability of influenza viruses requires the development of agents for nonspecific resistance stimulation, along with the development of new drugs for prevention and treatment. Among the antiviral drugs, interferons and their inducers are known to exhibit a universally wide spectrum of action. The Institute of Medical Biotechnology, a branch of SRC VB «Vector», Rospotrebnadzor, has developed the technology and obtained pharmaceutical compositions containing an interferon inducer — double stranded ribonucleic acid (dsRNA) from the killer strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast and recombinant human interferon-alpha-2b (IFN- alpha-2b). The specific antiviral activity of the preparations and synergistic effect of the components within the compositions were shown in L-68 and L-929 cell cultures. The aim of this work was to study antiviral activity of intranasal forms of the pharmaceutical compositions containing yeast dsRNA and recombinant human interferon-alpha-2b in a model of lethal influenza infection in mice. The outbred ICR/CD1 mice were intranasally infected with influenza A/Aichi/2/68 (H3N2) virus. The study compositions were intranasally administered 3 hours before infection with influenza virus, as well as 1 and 3 days post infection. The doses of active components in the administered compositions were as follows: for dsRNA — 2.5 mg/kg, for IFN-alpha-2b — 500 IU/kg, 2500 IU/kg, or 5000 IU/kg. The antiviral activity of the drugs was assessed based on the mortality rate and the average life expectancy of mice. It was shown that a three-time intranasal administration of the composition of dsRNA (2.5 mg/kg) and IFN-alpha-2b (2500 IU) into the infected mice according to therapeutic-prophylactic regimen led to an increase in the rates of survival and average life expectancy of animals, which were comparable to the effect of Tamiflu. The comparison preparations — dsRNA and IFN-alpha-2b — administered intranasally at the same doses and regimen exerted no antiviral effect in this mouse model of viral infection. The data obtained confirm the prospects for further development of new dosage forms of dsRNA and interferons for intranasal application as agents for prevention and treatment of influenza.
The effect of Polymorphism of the MDR1 (ABCB1) Gene on the Risk of Hepatotoxic Reactions in Patients with Pulmonary Tuberculosis
Authors: Alymenko М. А. , Valiev R. Sh. , Valiev N. R. , Tragira I. N. , Polonikov А. V. , Balobanova N. Р. , Batishchev A. V. , Kolomiets V. М. , Mal G. S. , Volkova S. N. , Kozlov V. V. , Suslikova E. I. , Popova E. V.
Published: December 2023

Currently, a decrease is seen in the effectiveness of treatment in patients with tuberculosis due to the appearance of adverse reactions to anti-tuberculosis drugs. Hepatotoxic reactions play an especially important role in anti-tuberculosis therapy, and phthisiologists often have to deal with the cancellation of a number of anti-tuberculosis drugs. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of polymorphic gene variants of xenobiotic biotransformation metabolizing enzymes (NAT2 (590G>A (rs1799930), CYP2E1 (9896C>G (rs2070676), ABCB1 (3435T>C (rs1045642), GSTM1 (E/D), GSTT1 (E/D) with the risk of hepatotoxic reactions in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis. Material and methods. The logistic regression analysis method was used to predict the probability of hepatoxic reactions during specific anti-tuberculosis therapy. Results: 1 statistically significant model was obtained, which reflects the association with hepatotoxic reactions to anti-tuberculosis drugs of the TS genotypes or the TS gene (T allele) ABSV1 (rs1045642). Conclusion. Pharmacogenetic testing used in the study allows us to identify risk groups of patients with pulmonary tuberculosis according to the likelihood of hepatotoxic reactions, which may provide an individualized approach to the treatment of these patients in the future.
The limits of protection of judges’ right to respect for dignity and honor, right to inviolability of business reputation, violated in mass media
Authors: Kucheriavenko Viktoriia
Published: December 2023

The article is devoted to the study of the limits of protection of judges' right to respect for dignity and honor, the right to inviolability of business reputation violated in mass media.

Within the scope of the article, it is determined that the fact that judges belong to the category of «public figures» has a significant influence on the limits of the protection of judges' right to respect for dignity and honor, the right to inviolability of the business reputation. As well as opposing the relevant personal non-property rights of judges, a whole set of informational rights of society representatives and individual institutions (such as mass media). In order to find ways to balance competing rights, the materials of the practice of the European Court of Human Rights were analyzed. Based on the analysis of the precedent practice of the European Court of Human Rights, it was determined that the limits of the protection of the right of judges to respect for dignity and honor, the right to inviolability of business reputation should be such as to ensure free discussion of the actions of judges as persons who play a certain role in the life of society. Along with this, it is determined that the very fact that the judiciary as a whole and judges are open to close attention from the mass media, does not negate the aspect that the dissemination of any information about the activities of the judiciary and its representatives should be carried out responsibly and should not lead to the violation of borders, in particular regarding the right of judges to respect for dignity and honor, the right to inviolability of business reputation. Dissemination of false information, baseless accusations, personal attacks on judges have nothing to do with the media's right to freedom of expression.

Key words: personal non-property rights, dignity and honor of judges, business reputation of judges, protection of