bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2572 – Psychological Therapy in the Military Environment: A Program of Multimodal Therapies for Soldiers Dependants
Authors: Wise M. , Wise I.
Published: July 2013

The Families of Soldiers experience significant stress when their loved ones are deployed to combat areas. The psychological and social stresses lead to significant disruption in the emotional wellbeing and performance in the soldiers families. This leads to ‘non-combat’ reasons for recall form the frontline.

In 2010 a program of group, mother & child, and individual therapies was organised for a Regiment about to be posted to Iraq. Pre-deployment preparationof the families was an important role with great care taken to use familiar language and reduce resistance to novel and potentially threatening or destabilising ideas.

Over the year of the program the Regiment had a reduced recall rate compared to ‘sister’ units without the intervention; their rate was 2%, a third of the usual.In 2012 following a major incident with substantial loss of life the program was delivered ot a fornt line unit deployed ot Afghanistan. The expected morbidity rate was over 20% with an expected 5% mortality rate. Large family sizes, from multiple partners, were a way of keeping the dread of death at bay. Intolerance of ‘weakness’ was a further maladaptive behaviour.

Over the program the morbidity rate was triple the mortality rate (5%), with limb loss common. Soldiers presented as often as families. in light of the massive injury and death rate, the ongoing risks, and different population characteristics, the reduction in recall rates from the 2%, in the prior study, to less than 0.5% is remarkable.The program has received a recommendation for extension across the army.
2603 – Effects of the Education of Life Skills on the Reduction of Mental-Behavioral Disorders of Depression, Anxiety, Stress in Students
Authors: Ahmadi Gatab T. , Seyednezhad Jeludar S. , Vahedi Ghajari A. , Ahy Jeludar Z.
Published: July 2013

Introduction and purpose:

The present study aims to analyze the effects of education of life skills on the reduction of mentalbehavioral disorders in students.

Method:

The present study is a quasi experimental research with pre-test and post-test. The population of this study consists of the male students of an elementary school in Savad kooh city in the school year of 2012–2013. Thirty students were selected by DASS_42 questionnaire that would evaluate the mental-behavioral disorders (depression, anxiety, and stress). They attended the life skills workshop. Questionnaires were used as a source of information. in order to analyze the data of descriptive and deductive statistics, the dependent t and Pearson correlation coefficient were calculated with the help of SPSS software.

Results:

The difference among the three scales of depression, anxiety and stress, before and after the workshop, was significant. Results also showed that there was significant relationship (p< 0,0001) among the three scales of depression, anxiety, and stress before and after the education of seven skills of living to the students.

Discussion:

Life skills enable people to learn what to do and how to do. Successful learning of life skills affects the feelings of the learners towards themselves and others as well. Furthermore, the changes that such skills bring about in teens can change the attitude of other people. Therefore, life skill is one of the main factors of developing the mental health.
2614 – Interventions to Reduce Stress in University Students: A Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Regehr C. , Glancy D. , Pitts A.
Published: July 2013

Background:

Of late, highly publicized reports have revealed that approximately half of university students report moderate levels of stress-related mental health concerns including anxiety and depression. Other research reveals that university health services are only providing services to a small percentage of these students. Universities must therefore consider the use of accessible programs that address student stress and reduce resultant anxiety and depression.

Method:

A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effectiveness of interventions aimed at reducing stress in university students. Studies were eligible for inclusion if the assignment of study participants to experimental or control groups was by random allocation or parallel cohort design.

Results:

Twenty-four studies, involving 1431 students were included in the meta-analysis. The findings suggest that cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness-based interventions focused on stress reduction significantly reduce symptoms of anxiety. Further, despite variations in approaches in terms of length of intervention and specific components of the intervention (including such aspects as cognitive restructuring, relaxation and meditation) with students in different programs and in different countries, these results are remarkably consistent. Secondary outcomes included lower levels of depression and cortisol.

Conclusion:

This review and meta-analysis provides strong support that cognitive, behavioral and mindfulness-based approaches are effective in reducing the effects of stress on university students. Given the high rates of stress-related mental health problems reported by university students, universities are advised to examine means to provide opportunities for larger numbers of students to access these interventions.
2649 – White Matter Hyperintensities are an Independent Predictor of Future Depressive Disorders: 3-Year Results from Epidemiological Study of Vascular Depression in Korean Elderly
Authors: Park J.H. , Kim T.H. , Yoo B.I. , Han J.W. , Lee J.J. , Lee S.B. , Woo J.I. , Kim K.W.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

The purposes of this study were to estimate the prevalence rates of subtypes of late life depression (LLD) including (vascular depression and non-vascular depression) in the baseline study, to examine the natural course of LLD and to investigate influence of white matter hyperintensities (WMH) volume on depression and neurocognitive function in the 3-year follow-up study.

Methods:

WMH was rated by the modified Fazekas scale and the volume of WMH was also calculated by an automated quantification method. Patients were classified as having vascular depression if they suffered from any type of depressive disorders and had a score of 2 or more on either deep white matter hyperintensity or subcortical gray matter ratings. in the 3- year follow-up study, the participants of the in the baseline were follow-uped with the same methodology of the baseline study.

Results:

The prevalence rates of vascular major depressive disorder (MDD) and vascular non-major depressive disorder (nMDD) were 2.39% (53.6% of MDD) and 4.24% (34.0% of nMDD), respectively, in the baseline study. Among non-depressive group in the baseline study, subjects with WMH(+) had 13.5 times (OR=13.5, 95% CI=1.10-165.97) risk of developing depressive disorder in the 3-year follow-up study, as compared to those without WMH(+). Log WMH volume (OR=5.78, 95 CI=1.04-31.72) in the baseline study was an independent predictor for depressive disorder in the 3-year follow-up study

Conclusion:

WMH is a crucial predictor for future depressive disorder, which supports the previous vascular depression hypothesis. Vascular depression is a useful construct accounting for clinical characteristics of LLD.
2650 – Validation of a Diagnostic Questionnaire Based on DSM-IV Criteria for Gambling
Authors: Sabetta L. , Di Paolo M. , Testa R. , Chiappini S. , Pettorruso M. , Di Cesare A. , Villella C. , Conte G.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Different questionnaires were formulated in order to assess the severity of gambling. The most used questionnaire is the South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS), based on DSM-III criteria for gambling, even though it has poor specificity, because overestimates the prevalence of the disorder when used in general population.

Objectives:

Try to overcome SOGS limits using a questionnaire based on DSM-IV criteria for gambling.

Aims:

Validate the questionnaire based on DSM-IV criteria, using as gold standard the clinical interview developed through the SOGS.

Methods:

The sample used is formed by 71 subjects, 58 men (81.7%) and 13 women (18.3%), recruited from the Psychiatric Department of Gemelli General Hospital in Rome, who were asked to fill out both questionnaires.

Results:

The sensitivity of our questionnaire was 93% (compared to 100% in the SOGS); the specificity was 100% (97.1% in the SOGS). False negatives were 7%, while they were absent in the SOGS ; false positives were absent in the DSM-IV questionnaire, while they were 2.9% in the SOGS.

We also determined the prevalence of each item of DSM-IV questionnaire in all gamblers identified (66 subjects): the most relevant item was “chasing one's losses”(item6), instead the least one was “committing illegal acts such as forgery, fraud, theft, or embezzlement to finance gambling”(item8).

Conclusions:

Our data confirm the greater specificity of the questionnaire of DSM-IV criteria for gambling compared to the SOGS. We suggest its use for the identification of gamblers in a sample formed by general population.
2654 – Emotional Status and Responsibility in Road Traffic Accident
Authors: M’bailara K. , Atzeni T. , Contrand B. , Lagarde E. , Galéra C.
Published: July 2013

Trying to reduce mortality and morbidity attributable to road traffic accident is a public health issue. Many risk factors such as: speed, drowsiness, drugs and alcohol consumption, state of the car, have been identified and have permitted the development of prevention policies. in contrast psychological factors remain poorly studied, particularly emotional state. However it is well known that emotional reactivity have an impact on behavior. One of the main objectives of this study is to assess in what extent the emotional reactivity, whether it is hypo or hyper reactivity, is a factor involved in road-accident responsibility. 955 participants were identified within 72 hours after a car accident. An assessment of drivers’ responsibility for the accident was conducted along with a survey of their activities and emotional reactivity immediately prior to the accident (valence, arousal). The results revealed that emotional reactivity is significantly associated to the drivers’ responsibility, suggesting that emotional hypo or hyperactivity is a significant source of accidents. This study discusses various approaches for a better understanding of the link between accident and emotional state. Moreover these results permit to suggest some possible preventive interventions.
2663 – Oxidative Stress Markers and Saccadic Parameters in Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Mechri A. , Raffa M. , Fendri C. , Dridi H. , Gassab A. , Kerkeni A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Impairments in oculomotor performances such as saccade tasks were reported in patients with schizophrenia. Correlation between oxidative stress markers and ocular saccades has not been studied.

Objective:

To explore the relationship between markers of oxidative stress (antioxidant enzyme activities and glutathione levels) and saccadic parameters (frequency and latency) in a sample of patients with schizophrenia.

Methods:

Thirty clinically stable patients with schizophrenia (24 men and 6 women, mean age = 29.9 ± 6.3 years) and 25 control subjects matched for age (13 men and 12 women, mean age = 29.3 ± 4.9 years) were recruited. Frequency and latency of saccadic tasks (anticipatory and compensatory saccades) were recorded with an oculometry. The erythrocyte activities of antioxidant enzymes: Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GSH-Px) and Catalase (CAT) were measured. Glutathione (GSH) levels were determined in blood samples.

Results:

Patients had significantly lower activities of all antioxidant enzymes and levels of total and reduced GSH compared with controls. High saccades frequency was found in patients compared to controls. The saccade latencies were higher in patients compared to controls. in the patients, a negative correlation was found between total and reduced GSH and frequency of compensatory back-up saccades. Square-wave-jerks were negatively correlated with oxidized GSH level and SOD activity.

Conclusions:

The decrease of antioxidant defenses (SOD activity and GSH levels) was associated with the saccadic frequency in patients with schizophrenia, suggesting the involvement of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of oculomotor abnormalities in schizophrenia.
2664 – Internet Addiction: Actual Status of Assessment Tools
Authors: Lortie C. , Guitton M.J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Internet over-consumption can cause dysfunctional usage resulting in several deleterious outcomes. The “Internet Use Disorder” is gaining importance in diagnostic manuals as its prevalence increases.

Objectives:

The objective of the study was to examine how this upcoming disorder is assessed at present.

Aims:

We present the actual status of Internet addiction assessment tools and develop a theoretical framework for optimizing “Internet Use Disorder” assessment tools design.

Methods:

A factorial structure analysis of tools assessing Internet addiction for adolescents and adults published between January 1993 and October 2011 was performed and a theoretical framework for optimizing tools design was developed. The descriptive properties of 14 questionnaires were measured and the position of the instruments’ methodology, validity, reliability and model fit was presented, along with the preferred factorial analysis method and validation technique.

Results:

Results indicate some heterogeneity in study methodology and differences in descriptive and dimensional aspects of assessment tools. The three factor categories compulsive Internet use, negative outcomes and salience were central to Internet addiction questionnaires. Furthermore, the social dimension was often under-represented. No significant difference was observed in the distribution of factor categories across Internet addiction questionnaires and DSM-IV-TR and ICD-10 diagnostic criteria for substance dependence.

Conclusions:

The validity and reliability of the evaluated questionnaires reflect the newness of this field. The underrepresentation of the social use of Internet is a problematic situation as it is causing considerable damages. Future research should consider that Internet addiction evaluation questionnaires need refinement. Appropriate strategies are proposed.
2678 – Alcohol Use and Psychosocial Correlates Among Aborigine in Central Malaysia
Authors: Rashid R. , Munir M. , Habil H. , Abd Kadir R. , Md Haris Robson N. , Sulaiman A.H. , Ahmad Zahari M. , Amer Nordin A.S. , Wan Husin W.A.I.
Published: July 2013

This study surveyed Malaysian aborigine people to determine the prevalence of alcohol abuse dependence, psychiatric morbidity and psychosocial correlates among Malaysians aborigines. Studies among minority group in developed nations repeatedly showed severe drinking problems (Lomnitz, 1976; Gordon, 1978; Karno et al, 1987; Yamamoto et al, 1993).

Household survey with informed consent taken. Selected household were chosen and orang asli (aborigines) age 18 above were interviewed in Kuala Betis areas. Alcohol screening used AUDIT questionnaires and Psychiatric morbidity measured by MINI. Odds ratio was used as measures of the association for the variables. The data analysis was done using SPSS version. 276 orang asli were interviewed during the study. Majority are within age group of 18-29 years of age (37%) with the mean age 36.51 years old. The M: F (50.7% and 49.3%). Senoi ethnic group is the majority (97.8%). 28% has no formal education and 58% received primary school education.

Majority are married (82.2%). Half of them are employed and more than half received less than RM 500 monthly (USD 150). Types of alcohol use mainly beer and whisky. 90.24% have AUDIT score less than 7.

Multivariate analysis showed only those employed are significantly associated with alcohol problems, Odds ratio= 0.089, 95% CI (0.033-0.246), P< 0.001.

Prevalence of alcohol use among orang asli is comparable with general population. Employed people may have more money to buy alcoholic beverages. Orang asli probably need more attention on awareness program and further interventions.
2687 – Effectiveness of Risk -Taking: A Step Towards Reducing Anxiety in Students
Authors: Seyednezhad Jeludar S. , Ahy Jeludar Z. , Ahmadi Gatab T.
Published: July 2013

Introduction and aim:

The present research aimed at determining the effectiveness of risk-taking on reducing anxiety level in students in Payam-e- noor University in the city of Babol.

Method:

This research had a semi-experimental and comparative design with pre-test and post-test tool. The sample size of the research was divided into groups, namely control and experimental ones, each including 15 students out of 30 individuals. Anxiety Inventory was used as an instrument for the present research. Statistical t-test for independent variables and SPSS spreadsheet were applied to analyze data.

Findings:

Results of this research demonstrated that the way of risk-taking training could increase risk-taking behaviorally and cognitively. in addition, risk-taking training through group-counseling could lead to the reduction of anxiety in university students. Accordingly, the more the degree of risk-taking increased, the less the anxiety level would be.

Discussion:

The use of expressive style training can elevate the risk-taking in anxious students. Moreover, when students learn how to answer courageously, this surely can decrease the stress and tension they have been experiencing in a certain situation in the past.
2692 – A Study on the Efectiveness of Electroacupuncture in the Management of Sleep Disorder among Methadone Maintenance Therapy Patients in Kajang: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Hasan S.I. , Mustafa M. , Abd Rashid R. , Mohd Ali A. , Mohamad Ishak M.K. , Said M.A. , Habil M.H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

High prevalence of poor sleep quality has been reported among Methadone Maintenance Therapy (MMT) patients. in order to reduce side effects and prevent relapse, new treatment approaches should be considered and recently, electroacupuncture (EA) has believed to have a therapeutic effect in the treatment of drug addiction.

Aims:

To investigate the effects of EA on sleep quality in patients receiving MMT.

Methods:

A prospective, open-labelled, parallel, randomized-controlled trial was conducted among MMT patients in Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia. A total of 22 drug misusers who met DSM-IV were randomly assigned into two groups. The treatment group was given methadone plus EA stimulation at 1.1+80Hz while the control group received methadone plus Sham EA without increasing the intensity of the stimulation. Both groups received the EA treatment 30 minutes per session for 14 days. Sleep quality was assessed by validated Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Results:

In terms of pre and post treatment comparison, we found that there were significant difference of mean sleep latency (p= 0.011), use of medication (p= 0.043) and global PSQI (p= 0.009) for the treatment group. However, only sleep efficiency (p= 0.014) showed a significant difference between pre and post treatment for the control group. in terms of group comparison, we found that there was significant difference of mean sleep latency (p= 0.004), sleep efficiency (0.004) and global PSQI (0.008) for post treatment. No significant difference was found for pre treatment.

Conclusion:

Electroacupuncture may have adjunct effect on sleep improvement and have potential to reduce Benzodiazepine use among MMT patients.
2693 – Fathers' Birth Experience and Postnatal Mental Condition
Authors: Dorsch V. , Rohde A.
Published: July 2013

Research in labour and delivery from the new fathers’ point of view is still in its infancy, with studies being rare and heterogeneous.

Birth experience and postpartum mental condition were investigated in 174 fathers in the maternity ward of a University Hospital. Lacking a validated instrument for describing fathers’ birth experience the German version of Salmon's Item List (SIL-Ger) which is validated for the birth experience of mothers was used as well as Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) to reveal associations of birth experience and the fathers’ postnatal mental health. One in ten men (11.4%, N=19) reported a stressful or frightening birth experience, nearly one third (28.1%, N=49) did not rate attending the delivery as a positive or rewarding emotional experience. Fathers being present at a spontaneous delivery - from a number of men in free answers phrased as “natural birth” - reached a higher score in the postnatal dimension of “fulfilment” than any other mode of delivery. in over half of the men (52.1%, N=75) birth experience did not meet the expectations, with childbirth education classes, number of previous children or previous attended births being of no significant impact. Unfulfilled expectations towards birth are a known risk factor for negative birth experience in women. We showed unfulfilled expectations to be associated with difficulties in coping, discomfort and anxiousness and a less rewarding birth experience in fathers. SIL-Ger could be shown to be an easy-to-use and reliable tool to assess birth experience in men.
2704 – Subtypes of Developemental Coordination Disorder: A Multivariate Investigation to Define Specific Impairments
Authors: Vaivre-Douret L. , Lalanne C. , Cabrol D. , Golse B. , Falissard B.
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

The DSM IV-R criteria for Developemental Coordination Disorder (DCD) involve a marked impairment in the development of motor coordination although visual-spatial, digital and visuo-motor perception, neuromuscular tone, qualitative and quantitative measures impairments related to of gross and fine motor coordination might be used to isolate three main subtypes of DCD/dyspraxia: Ideomotor, Visual-Spatial/Constructional, and a Mix group sharing common impairments with additional comorbidities. This study focus on isolating specific markers with high predictive discriminatory power from a wide range testing battery in a sample of DCD children.

Methods:

Data were collected on 63 children with DCD aged 5-15 years (median 8.1), enrolled on DSM IV-R criteria. Children were free of previous assessment, medication, and therapy followup-up. Each subject underwent a neuropsychological, neuropsychomotor and neurovisual testing batteries comprised of 49 milestones assessment.

Results:

The most salient markers with respect to the three subtypes of dyspraxia studied in this sample are digital praxia, imitation of gestures, digital perception, visual-motor integration, manual dexterity, visual spatial structuration, coordination between upper and lower limbs, and lego blocks. Clustering results suggest Ideomotor patients define a homogeneous group of patients and Mix group with specific difficulties in coordinating lower and upper limbs or poor manual dexterity.

Conclusion:

This study confirms the importance of some aspects of neurovisual processing of spatial information, and motor control in DCD. Less than 15 neurovisual, neuro-psychomotor and neuropsychological milestone tests might be required to provide a sensitive and specific diagnostic of DCD subtypes, and isolated markers allow a better understanding of DCD.
2728 – Evaluation of Self-Esteem, Body Perception and Social Skills in Individuals Diagnosed with Gynecomastia
Authors: Lapsekili N. , Lapsekili E.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

Gynecomastia is a medical condition that affects men. Physical symptom is an abnormal enlargement of the mammary glands. Men who have this condition often end up feeling too embarrassed to be seen and it can greatly interfere with their personal life and social skills. This study attempts to evaluate the hypothesis that surgical approaches to correct simply the view are not enough to improve the quality of patients’ lives.

Method:

30 patients who were admitted to general surgery outpatient clinic with complaints of large breast and diagnosed with gynecomastia were enrolled in this study. Social Skills Rating Scale (SSRS), Body Image Scale (BIS), Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) were applied preoperatively to patients with grade 1 and 2 gynecomastia. Scales were repeated postoperatively on the third month.

Results:

Preoperative and postoperative scores of BIS were significantly different. in a similar vein, preoperative and postoperative scores of Coopersmith SEI were significantly different, too. Coopersmith SEI and BIS scores were low in the preoperative period and higher in the postoperative period. However, in terms of SSRS there was not a statistically significant difference between preoperative and postoperative period.

Conclusion:

Results indicate that presence of gynecomastia even at the level of grade-1 and 2 is effective on self-esteem, body image and social skills. The results also show that for the treatment of individuals diagnosed with gynecomastia surgical interventions alone can be inadequate. in these patients, after the surgical treatments, the addition of individual training programs to improve social skills may be useful.
2729 – Coping Strategies in Patients with Boxer's Fracture
Authors: Lapsekili N. , Öznam K. , Lapsekili E.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

The term boxer's fracture refers fifth metacarpal neck fracture. These people have problem with anger management and may be incapable of problem solving. in this study, it was aimed to determine their coping behavior and psychological symptoms and their relations with coping behaviors in patients with boxer's fracture.

Method:

36 male patients with diagnosis of fifth metacarpal neck fracture and 36 healthy male control subjects were included in study. Groups were evaluated with “Coping Orientation for Problem Experiences” (COPE) scale and Symptom Check List- 90 (SCL-90).

Results:

“Emotion-focused” coping strategies like “denial”, “substance abuse”, “use of emotional social support” and “avoidance” were seen to be used more often by patient group. in SCL-90 symptom check-list “obsessive-compulsive symptoms,” “interpersonal sensitivity”, “anxiety”, “anger-hostility” sub-groups were significantly different in patient group than control group.

Conclusion:

Coping strategies are divided in two categories as problem-focused and emotion-focused. The first targets main source of the problem. and latter targets the emotional impact caused by the main source. This may be only realistic option when the source of stress is outside the person's control. Sense of control directly reduces psychological disturbance. Feeling like you have control over smaller aspects of life could lead to a greater sense of overall control. in these patients, it can be predicted that to punch the wall can increase “sense of control”. It is evaluated that the higher scores of “obsessivecompulsive symptoms” subscale of SCL-90 symptom check-list in patient group when compared with control group is consistent with this result.
2736 – A 12Month Study of Smoking Prevention in a Psychiatric Department
Authors: Michopoulos I. , Tsaklakidou D. , Gournellis R. , Rizos E. , Christodoulou C. , Vasilopoulou K. , Apostolopoulos A. , Liappas I. , Douzenis A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

When compared to the general population psychiatric patients smoke at higher rates. in Greek psychiatric wards smoking has been “quietly” allowed up until 2011 and up to date there is no provision of nicotine dependence interventions.

Objectives:

The opening of offered a unique opportunity to establish the first psychiatric ward with a clear no smoking policy.

Aim:

To describe the effect of this intervention on the smoking behaviour of the inpatients.

Methods:

For a 12month period we conducted a prospective study of smoking avoidance measures in the 2nd Department of Psychiatry of Attikon University Hospital in Athens. We monitored the smoking habits of 330 inpatients before admission, during their hospitalization and at discharge.

Results:

From 330 patients, 170 were smokers (51.5%). 101 of them (59.4%) had made at least one effort to quit smoking in the past. Regarding diagnosis, patients with schizophrenia were smokers significantly more than patients suffering from mood disorders (83/177 vs. 56/138, x2=4.8, p=0.03). Concerning the smoking habits during hospitalization, only 12 of the 170 smokers (7%) admitted or were seen to smoke in their rooms despite regulations. The mean difference (before admission/at discharge) was -21.8 cigarettes per day (p< 0.001).

Conclusion:

Smoking avoidance measures are effective in a new psychiatric unit.
2737 – A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of Quetiapine XR for Treatment of Major Depression and Fibromyalgia
Authors: McIntyre A.W. , Kouassi E. , Paisley D.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Fibromyalgia and major depressive disorder (MDD) frequently co-occur. Quetiapine XR has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of MDD and has recently been shown effective in patients with fibromyalgia.

Objectives:

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of quetiapine XR in patients with MDD and comorbid fibromyalgia.

Aims:

To report on the antidepressant and analgesic effects of quetiapine XR in a sample of dually diagnosed patients.

Methods:

An 8-week double-blind, randomized controlled trial in 120 non-psychotic adult outpatients with a confirmed diagnosis of MDD and fibromyalgia. Quetiapine XR was administered once daily in the evening at a starting dose of 50 mg/d for 2 days then 150 mg/d for 2 weeks and up to 300 mg/d if needed. The primary efficacy endpoint was mean change from baseline to week 8 on the HAM-D17 total score. Secondary endpoints included other measures of depression, anxiety, pain, quality of life, global functioning and adverse events.

Results:

At week 8, mean change in HAM-D17 score from baseline was significantly greater in the quetiapine XR arm than placebo (-10.0 vs. -5.8, p=0.001). Improvements in the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionaire (FIQ total -11.1 vs. -3.9, p=0.022) and Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-Total -2.1 vs. -1.6, p=0.007) was significantly greater in the quetiapine XR arm versus placebo. Improvements in all secondary outcomes were significantly greater in the quetiapine XR with the exception of the Sheehan Disability Scale total score.

Conclusions:

Quetiapine XR demonstrated significant antidepressive and analgesic effects in this population of patients with MDD and fibromyalgia.
2743 – Why Do First-Episode Psychosis Patients Use Cannabis? Case-control Study
Authors: Gómez L. , Sabaté A. , Mané A. , Bergé D. , Merino A. , Bulbena A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

There is a high prevalence of cannabis use among patients with psychosis. Persistent cannabis use in firstepisode psychosis affects prognosis and recovery. Understanding the reasons of cannabis use may help improve psychosis outcome. Several studies suggest that cannabis is used to ameliorate symptoms related to the disorder (self-medication hypothesis). Comparing the reasons of cannabis use in first-episode patients with a control group, may help to acknowledge that question. So far few studies with a control group have been carried out.

Aim:

Identify the reasons of cannabis use in first-episode psychotic cannabis users and compare them to non-psychotic cannabis users.

Methods:

Thirty-two first-episode psychosis cannabis users and thirty-four non-psychotic cannabis users were included. They completed a self-reported reasons for use cannabis questionnaire, adapted from Dixon et al.

Results:

The amount and frequency of cannabis use was higher in patients with first-episode psychosis than controls (6.47+/- 8.2 patients vs 19.59+/- 27.7 controls; p=0.024). The two groups did not differ significantly in any of the reasons for cannabis use. The main factors attracting them to use cannabis were: relaxation, sleep better, getting high and pleasurable experiences.

Conclusion:

Both first-episode psychosis and controls seem to use cannabis for the same reasons, which does not support the self-medication hypothesis. However additional research would be necessary to further investigate cannabis use correlation with symptoms to discard that hypothesis. Recognition of the actual reasons of use should help prevention strategists to develop appropriate programmes to general and specific audiences.
2763 – Psychiatric Symptoms of Internet Game Addiction in the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic
Authors: Oh E.-J. , Bhang S.-Y. , Ahn J.-H. , Choi S.-H. , Choi S.-W. , Lee H.-K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

The prevalence of internet game use among children and adolescents has been increased in the recent years.

Objectives:

Internet addiction has been found to cause various psychiatric symptoms and psychological problems. Internet addiction has been found to cause various psychiatric symptoms and psychological problems.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to examine the association between problematic internet game use and psychiatric symptoms in a sample of the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic, Ulsan University Hospital.

Methods:

We analyzed data from 447 subjects who first visit the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinic of the Ulsan University Hospital. The level of Internet addiction was categorized as either high-risk (≥108; group 3), potential risk (95 to 107; group 2), or no risk (≤94, group 1) based on the total score. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 17.0 and one-way ANOVA and multiple logistic regression method were used.

Results:

Thirteen adolescents met the criteria for high risk group of internet game addiction. in the high risk group, 10 were male and 3 were female adolescents. There was an mean difference among group 3 (high risk)< 1 (no risk),2 (potential risk) in AHI ; whereas group 3 (high risk)>1 (no risk), 2 (potential risk) in BDI, BAI, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity and K-ARS score. with multiple logistic regression analysis, K-scale was significantly related with male sex, BDI, ARShyperactivity/ impulsivity score.

Conclusion:

We conclude that having male sex, happiness and depressive symptoms is associated with the risk of developing internet use disorders.
2765 – Length of Breastfeeding in ADHD Children - A Factor in ADHD Development?
Authors: Ptacek R. , Kuzelova H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is the most commonly diagnosed behavioural disorder of childhood. It affects about 3 - 5% of school aged children. ADHD may lead to cognitive and behavioural problems and further psychiatric symptoms and disorders. Current research shows possible changes of somatic development of ADHD children comparing to non ADHD children. Etiology of these changes is still unclear. It is hypothesized that it can be caused by ADHD specific endocrinologic changes, medication or a ADHD life style. The growth of children may be influenced by further external factors - i.e. length of breastfeeding.

Objectives and aims:

The aim of the study was to compare how long a group of ADHD children - comparing to non ADHD children had been breast fed after the birth.

Methods:

We assessed a group of mothers of ADHD children (n=100) and non ADHD children (n=100) with structured interview oriented to breast feeding.

Results:

In our pilot study we identified that ADHD children were breastfed substantially shorter time (avg = 2,5 month) than non ADHD children (avg = 7,8 month) at statistically significant level (p< 0.01).

Conclusions:

The presented study suggests that ADHD in very young children may influence mother's behaviour leading to shortening time of breastfeeding. This may lead to further developmental changes. The presented study proposes that developmental changes in ADHD - especially somatic ones may be caused by complex ethology and therefore it is necessary assess not only the child but also conditions of its development.
2779 – Patients with Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome and Mental Disorders
Authors: Zawada K. , Burzynska-Kozmin A. , Krysta K.
Published: July 2013

Objective:

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome is a multifactorial clinical condition developing in obese people. The symptomatology of the disease is dominated by disorders of breathing during sleep, and hypoventilation leading to chronic hypercapnia with underlying metabolic and hormonal disorders leading to complications of the cardiovascular disease.

Methods:

Here we describe a case of a patient treated for many years because of pulmonary hypoventilation syndrome accompanied by obesity and metabolic syndrome followed by a reduction in blood oxygen tension.

Results:

Despite the exacerbation of the underlying disease (parameters on admission 66mmHg pCO2, pO2 29mmHg, SaO2 43%) our patient showed no signs of a mental disorder. Slight short-term memory problems, decreased mood and drive relevant to the degraded state of somatic were present. During the hospitalization, the use of oxygen therapy led to the improvement of blood parameters, however the mental state became more complicated. The patient started to develop symptoms of delirium with a delusional interpretation of reality. Despite administered pharmacotherapy and further improvement in respiratory parameters (at discharge pCO2 62mmHg, pO2 59mmHg, SaO2 89%) the patient's cognitive dysfunctions showed no further improvement and delusions of persecution were still present. This required further psychiatric care alongside with patient's somatic treatment.

Conclusions:

A strong link exists between disorders of cognition, and chronic respiratory failure (hypoxia with concomitant hypercapnia). This may be also accompanied by psychiatric symptoms, which may become difficult to treat even if the somatic parameters are successfully improved.
2781 – Suicide Prevention in Finland: Advances and Perspectives
Authors: Korkeila J.
Published: July 2013

The suicide rate has been traditionally high compared to countries of the European Union. The rate increased during decades after second world war until the early 1990's. Moreover, the suicide rate has followed closely the alcohol consumption rate. A national suicide prevention project was carried out in the late 1980's, which had the intent to increase access to low-threshold services and specialized psychiatric care. Physicians and psychiatrists were educated in the recognition of depression at a time when novel antidepressants were introduced and secondary level services were deinstitutionalized.

Aims:

The review the successfulness of efforts to decrease suicides in Finland in the light of scientific studies.

Results:

The rate of suicide has decreased considerably and its association with the use of alcohol has weakened. Although the use of alcohol increased in the 1990's the rate continued to decrease. Two studies have linked the decrease in rate of suicide with the sale and use of antidepressants. This trend appears to be especially pronounced among men. Additionally, evidence shows that the replacement of hospital-based services with outpatient care has had a positive impact on suicide mortality of patients, who have received care in psychiatric hospitals. The decrease in suicide rate is associated with intensive outpatient care.

Conclusion:

In the long run, the national suicide prevention project has been successful, although other factors, such as increase of standard of living and general wellbeing among citizens of Finland, have been likely contributors.
2782 – An Empirical Study: Are Structured Diagnostic Interviews Valid?
Authors: Nordgaard J. , Revsbech R. , Parnas J.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Structured diagnostic interviews performed by non-clinicians are today frequently used for research purposes and are increasingly common in clinical practice. The validity of such interviews is theoretically unexamined and only poorly empirically studied.

Aim:

To assess the validity of structured psychiatric diagnostic interviews using the SCID (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV) as a representative.

Methods:

A sample of 100 diagnostically heterogeneous, first-admitted inpatients were interviewed and diagnosed by a forthe- purpose trained non-clinician rater using the SCID. The DSM-IV diagnoses yield from the SCID interviews were compared with consensus Life-Time Best Estimate DSM-IV diagnoses. These diagnoses were assessed by two experienced research clinicians based on multiple sources of information, which included videotaped comprehensive semi-structured narrative interviews.

Results:

The overall kappa agreement was 0.18. The sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of schizophrenia by the SCID were 19% and 100% respectively.

Conclusions:

Structured diagnostic interviews in a first-admission inpatient sample are not a valid way of allocating psychiatric diagnoses and are not recommendable for clinical work. These interviews should only be used in research on the condition of certain prior precautions. It is suggested that a revival of systematic theoretical and practical training in psychopathology is an obvious way forward in order to improve the validity and hence, a therapeutic utility, of the psychiatric diagnosis.
2784 – Comparison the Effects of Acupuncture and Cognitive - Behavioral Therapies on Treating Insomnia
Authors: Badiee Aval Baghyahi S. , Gao Y. , Zhang X. , Badiee Aval Baghsiahy H.R. , Feghhi P.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Acupuncture, as complementary medicine, has been used since many years ago in china and many researches have proved its effect separately or combined with other treatment methods.

Objectives:

To compare therapeutic effects of Acupuncture plus estazolam and Cognitive - Behavioral Therapies plus estazolam on insomnia.

Aims:

To determine the efficacy of acupuncture as complementary medicine in treating insomnia.

Method:

64 insomnia patients were randomly divided into an acupuncture group and a behavioral group, 30 cases in acupuncture group and 18 cases in behavioral group completed research. The acupuncture group was treated by administration oral estazolam before sleeping each day and needling, three times a week, the behavioral group received Stimulus control as Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy plus oral estazolam before sleeping each day. Treatment course was 3 weeks. The insomnia severity index (ISI) scores before and after treatment were observed in the both groups.

Results:

The total effective rate was 86.7% in the acupuncture group and 50% in the behavioral group with statistically significant difference (P < 0.05). The cured rate of 30% in the acupuncture group was significantly higher than 16.7% in the behavioral group (both P < 0.05).

Conclusions:

The therapeutic effect of Acupuncture as a complementary medicine on insomnia is better than stimulus therapy as a Cognitive - Behavioral Therapy.
2785 – Subthreshold Mental Disorders in University Students: Recognition and Prevention
Authors: Kulygina M.
Published: July 2013

Mental health and psychological difficulties in students are connected with academic and interpersonal stressors as well as with personal and existential problems. These disturbances are manifesting in different cognitive, affective, somatic and behavioral symptoms, which usually don’t reach the mental disorders’ level and don’t fulfill the criteria of ICD-10.

Confidentiality, voluntary involvement and multiprofessional approach are the main principles of organization of student mental health care in University Medical Centre. This psychoprophylactic model is based on the multistage programme of medical and psychological accompaniment of education.

Early diagnosis of mental health disorders in students consists of regular assessment of the student's psychological needs and mental health problems. It is provided by taking into account a complex of psychosomatic and psychosocial aspects having a special meaning for the identification of risk groups of non-psychotic psychopathology.

1–2 years students were studied with structured clinical interview and psychodiagnostic tests to investigate typical emotional reactions, personality predictors and stress coping strategies.

Psychiatric predisposition consisting of stress vulnerability, emotional and cognitive partial deficit, liability autochthonous states is found in more than a half of examined students. Subthreshold mental disorders in students being age-related ones, have the specific peculiarities such as a great role of social and stress factors, shortness of reactions, prevalence of affective spectrum symptoms, frequency of somatic components.

Prevention measures suppose the psychological competence development, first of all the improvement of social and selfmanagement skills as well as psychoeducational courses for students and staff.
2789 – Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in a Patient with Crohn's Disease: A Case Report and Review
Authors: Ouanes S. , Ben Houidi A. , Zgueb Y. , Dabboussi A. , Jomli R. , Nacef F. , Ghachem R. , Bouasker A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

Although patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are commonly described as psychorigid and scrupulous, studies about obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in patients with IBD remain few.

Objectives:

To examine the links between OCD and IBD, in general, and Crohn's disease, in particular.

Methods:

A case report and review.

Results:

A twenty-one-year-old man was referred to the psychiatric outpatient clinic for obsessive ideas mainly about dirt associated with compulsive washing as well as compulsive masturbation.

Since childhood, the patient was diagnosed with Crohn's disease that led to failure to thrive. His medication included azathioprine and sulfapyridine. He developed perianal complications as well as bronchiectasis.

Obsessive-compulsive symptoms gradually dissipated on fluoxetine 30 mg qd along with supportive psychotherapy.

Conclusions:

This paper discusses the possible links between Crohn's disease and OCD. Obsessive-compulsive symptoms in patients with Crohn's disease might be due to immune-complex formation, but might also be explained from a psychodynamic point of view: association between fixation at the anal stage in OCD and lesions affecting the bowel and the perianal region in Crohn's disease.
2794 – An Example of Environment-Friendly Psychiatry: The Project for Converting a Rural Building into a Psychiatric Rehabilitation Community
Authors: Bruschi I. , Landi G. , Reggianini C. , Ferrari S. , Mattei G.
Published: July 2013

Introduction:

A challenging medicine dissertation: to design a psychiatric therapeutic community.

Objectives:

A medical student winning a grant addressed to architects and farm laborers aimed to convert a rural area through Social Innovation programmes, a group of young enthusiastic psychiatrists and a donor involved in psychiatric circumstances are the actors of the project for turning a rural building located in the small village of “Villa San Bartolomeo” (Reggio Emilia, Italy) into a psychiatric social-rehabilitation community.

Methods:

The project started reviewing the literature concerning community-based psychiatry residential facilities. Later, a structured interview has been carried out with the village's inhabitants in order to investigate both their perception of stigma towards mental illness and the perceived needs of their city. The answers have then been used to organize the activities within the psychiatric community, ranging from recreational through sportive until occupational ones, such as farming vegetable gardens, breeding domestic animals, producing handiworks. These labors are intended both to satisfy the village demands and realize a greater integration of the community itself within the surrounding social network.

Results:

The therapeutic interventions that are going to be realized within the residential home will be aimed to promote patients’ personal growth and adapting capacity. These interventions are intended to allow the accomplishment of a greater housing independence of the hosts by restructuring their affective, relational and social backgrounds.

Conclusions:

This is an ambitious project, started by chance, representing the desire and the hope for curing mental illness by establishing a contact with the natural environment.