bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interest and credit risk management in German banks
Authors: Dräger Vanessa , Heckmann-Draisbach Lotta , Memmel Christoph
Published: July 2020

Using unique data of a survey among small and medium-sized German banks, we analyze various aspects of risk management. We especially analyze the effect of a 200-bp increase in the interest level. We find that banks seem to reduce the volatility of their net interest margin by exposing themselves to interest rate risk, that they act as if they have a risk budget which they allocate either to interest rate risk or credit risk and that banks’ exposures to interest rate risk and to credit risk are remunerated. In addition, we find that, in the first year, the impairments of banks’ bond portfolios are much larger than the reductions in their net interest income, that banks attenuate the resulting write-downs by liquidating hidden reserves and that banks which use interest derivatives have lower impairments in their bond portfolios.
The impact of oxytocin on thiol/disulphide and malonyldialdehyde/glutathione homeostasis in stressed rats
Authors: Korkmaz Hilal , Önal Deniz , Alışık Murat , Erel Özcan , Pehlivanoğlu Bilge
Published: July 2020

We aimed to investigate the impact of oxytocin on serum thiol/disulphide and malonylyldialdehyde (MDA)/glutathione balance under acute stress (AS) and chronic stress (CS) exposure in rats. Animals were allocated into control (C), AS and CS groups, then the groups subdivided as intranasal oxytocin or saline applied groups, randomly. Animals in the AS or CS groups were exposed to combined cold-immobilisation stress. Salivary corticosterone levels and elevated plus maze (EPM) scores were used to assess stress response. MDA, glutathione, thiol-disulphide levels were measured in the serum samples. Oxytocin treatment attenuated stress response regardless of the stress duration verified by lower corticosterone level and favorable profile in EPM parameters measured. Furthermore, oxytocin modulated oxidant profile suggesting lowered oxidant stress with decreased serum MDA/glutathione and disulfide/native thiol ratios. Oxytocin improves the response of organism to stress via both its anxiolytic and antioxidant effects. That’s why it can be considered as a protective measure to employ methods to increase endogenous oxytocin and/or to apply exogenous oxytocin to prevent stress-induced increase in oxidant stress, which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of various stress-related diseases.
Humor style differences across four English-speaking countries
Authors: Schermer Julie Aitken , Kfrerer Marisa L.
Published: July 2020

Using three archival data sets, mean differences in the four humor styles of affiliative, self-enhancing, aggressive, and self-defeating were assessed for adults (n = 6404) across four English-speaking countries: Canada (n = 339), the USA (n = 165), the United Kingdom (n = 4012), and Australia (n = 1888). As age and sex varied greatly across the samples and had significant relationships with the humor styles (men scored higher on each scale, younger people scored higher on affiliative, aggressive, and self-defeating humor, and older people scored higher on self-enhancing humor), age and sex were regressed out of the humor style scores and the standardized residuals were examined. Significant differences were found for the four humor styles. Specifically, the Americans were the highest in affiliative and self-enhancing humor, and the British were the highest in both aggressive and self-defeating humor. As humor styles are an insight into human social interactions, the results provide a glimpse into the differences found between these countries.
Problematische Autorschaft
Authors: Klawitter Arne
Published: July 2020

When Schubart’s Lehrbuch der schönen Wissenschaften was published in 1777, the supposed author distanced himself from the work, complaining that the edition by one of his students had reduced it to a “skeleton.” In 1781, the philosopher Michael Hißmann published a revised edition of this book with many additional explanations and references of his own. The following article reconstructs the impact of this book and the history of its reception, comparing the two different versions published by the two dissimilar editors and questions the hermeneutical intention to identify Schubart’s own aesthetic principles and positions.
Nicht für den Kladderadatsch geeignet: ein ‚kleindeutsches‘ Ghasel Georg Herweghs von 1859
Authors: Sprengel Peter
Published: July 2020

Austria’s defeat in the Sardinian War of 1859 triggered renewed debates about the right path to German unification as well as a satirical campaign in Berlin’s Kladderadatsch in which the emigrant Herwegh also tried to participate. However, a ghazel written by him for this campaign proved to be too complex even for the taste of the editorial staff. The poem’s coded statement in opposition to the Austrian government and in support of Duke Ernst II of Coburg-Gotha, or rather, for the Deutsche Nationalverein is made comprehensible here for the first time on the basis of historical documents.
Zur Zukunft der Nationalphilologien: Europäische Kontexte und weltliterarische Aspekte
Authors: Lützeler Paul Michael
Published: July 2020

In a time of intensified interdisciplinary research, of expanding translation activities and an internationalized book market, one wonders what is happening in the academic fields of national philologies. ‘Subsidarity’ – a term used by social scientists who deal with political federal structures – can illustrate the relation between national and European or global literary studies. Furthermore, the terms Erfahrungsraum (‘realm of experience’) and Erwartungshorizont (‘horizon of expectation’) used by the historian Reinhart Koselleck can also help to explain this relationship.
Zeitschrift und Zeitgeschichte. Die Zeiten (1805–1820) als chronopoetisches Archiv ihrer Gegenwart
Authors: Ramtke Nora
Published: July 2020

This article discusses periodicals as media formats that are dependent on and correlated with time. This article treats periodical publication as a form of chronopoetics, exploring modes of writing the present at work in journals as well as their varied relationships to history writing. Focusing on Die Zeiten, a historical-political monthly magazine of the Napoleonic Era, this article describes chronopoetic writing as the imbrication of history, as the experience of time in and through medial formats, and describes the more specific rhetorical, material, and medial temporalities of periodicals.
Experimental and numerical studies on failure and energy absorption of composite thin-walled square tubes under quasi-static compression loading
Authors: Mou Haolei , Feng Zhenyu , Xie Jiang , Zou Jun , Zhou Kun
Published: July 2020

To analysis the failure and energy absorption of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) thin-walled square tube, the quasi-static axial compression loading tests are conducted for [±45]3s square tube, and the square tube after test is scanned to further investigate the failure mechanism. Three different finite element models, i.e. single-layer shell model, multi-layer shell model and stacked shell mode, are developed by using the Puck 2000 matrix failure criterion and Yamada Sun fiber failure criterion, and three models are verified and compared according to the experimental energy absorption metrics. The experimental and simulation results show that the failure mode of [±45]3s square tube is the local buckling failure mode, and the energy are absorbed mainly by intralaminar and interlaminar delamination, fiber elastic deformation, fiber debonding and fracture, matrix deformation cracking and longitudinal crack propagation. Three different finite element models can reproduce the collapse behaviours of [±45]3s square tube to some extent, but the stacked shell model can better reproduce the failure mode, and the difference of specific energy absorption (SEA) is minimum, which shows the numerical simulation results are in better agreement with the test results.
The Father, the Son, and John on Location in the Farewell Discourse
Authors: Maier Harry O.
Published: July 2020

Using the tools of social geography, specifically those developed by Edward Soja, Henri Lefebvre, and Oliver Sacks, this article explores the Gospel of John’s spatial reference to place as it appears in Jesus’ Farewell Discourse (John 14–17) and the ways it uses narrative to create places for the practices and conceiving of religious identity. Although application of spatial study to John’s gospel is relatively rare in Johannine studies, it promises a great deal of insight, especially because John’s gospel is filled with numerous references to place and a rich variety of prepositional phrases. Through narrative, John offers a spatial temporalization (following Soja, a ‘thirdspace’) for audiences to inhabit and interpret the world around them. John’s Father-Son-Paraclete language of unity (which the Christian tradition has interpreted metaphysically and soteriologically without reference to time and space) creates a place for Johannine discipleship in which listeners reenact the dynamic relationship of its three divine actors. John establishes a particular mode of spatial identity by presenting Father, Son, and Paraclete, together with the narrative’s antagonists and protagonists in particular spaces with a set of behaviors associated with each location. The Johannine reference to Jesus going to prepare a place for his disciples after his death (John 13:36), and the reference to a mansion with many room (John 14:2–4) is traditionally interpreted as a reference to the afterlife or a heavenly domain. Scholars have debated whether this represents a futurist or a realized eschatological teaching. A spatial application offers new insights by viewing it from a social geographical perspective as a spatial location “in the world,” lived out locationally “in” the Paraclete, in rejection by the “world.” Metaphysical unity language refers to a narrative of rejection and suffering, which reveals the identity of Johannine believers “in but not of the world.” In this regard, John reflects sapiential themes found in the Hebrew Bible and the intertestamental period that tell of wisdom dwelling on earth and also being rejected.
Dynamic Unity in the Gospel of John
Authors: Casteigt Julie
Published: July 2020

The aim of this collection of essays, entitled “Dynamic Unity in the Gospel of John”, is to offer the reader another path through the tradition of interpretations. First, it explores some authors who are often neglected in studies of the history of this dogma: Clement of Alexandria (c. 150–c. 215), Origen of Alexandria (c. 184–c. 253), Gregory of Nazianzus (c. 329–390), Evagrius Ponticus (345–399), Albert the Great (c. 1200–1280), and Meister Eckhart (c. 1260–c. 1328). Second, it does not focus on the theological treatises, but rather on commentaries on the Gospel of John. It thereby aims to highlight the great variety of exegetical interpretations as found in biblical hermeneutics. Third, it adopts an interdisciplinary point of view by interweaving the methods proper to New-Testament studies, to patristics and to medieval philosophy. Fourth, it offers to the readers the possibility to adopt historical perspective on the exegetical tradition of these Johannine verses: both in their original context and in the history of their reception. The goal is to question the dynamics of the transfer of the idea of dynamic unity into different scholarly disciplines through various geographical, linguistic and cultural areas.
Identification of a harmonically varying external source in wave equation from Neumann-type boundary measurement
Authors: Catak Muammer , Pektaş Burhan
Published: July 2020

In this paper, the identification problem of recovering the spatial source

F
∈

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
l
)

{F\in L^{2}(0,l)}

in the wave equation

u

t
⁢
t

=

u

x
⁢
x

+

F
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

cos
⁡

(

ω
⁢
t

)

{u_{tt}=u_{xx}+F(x)\cos(\omega t)}

, with harmonically varying external source

F
⁢

(
x
)

⁢

cos
⁡

(

ω
⁢
t

)

{F(x)\cos(\omega t)}

and with the homogeneous boundary

u
⁢

(
0
,
t
)

=

u
⁢

(
l
,
t
)

=
0

{u(0,t)=u(l,t)=0}

,

t
∈

(
0
,
T
)

{t\in(0,T)}

, and initial

u
⁢

(
x
,
0
)

=

u
t

⁢

(
x
,
0
)

=
0

{u(x,0)=u_{t}(x,0)=0}

,

x
∈

(
0
,
l
)

{x\in(0,l)}

, conditions, is studied. As a measurement output

g
⁢

(
t
)

{g(t)}

, the Neumann-type boundary measurement

g
⁢

(
t
)

:=

u
x

⁢

(
0
,
t
)

{g(t):=u_{x}(0,t)}

,

t
∈

(
0
,
T
)

{t\in(0,T)}

, at the left boundary

x
=
0

{x=0}

is used. It is assumed that the observation

g
∈

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
T
)

{g\in L^{2}(0,T)}

may has a random noise. We propose combination of the boundary control for PDEs, adjoint method and Tikhonov regularization, for identification of the unknown source

F
∈

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
l
)

{F\in L^{2}(0,l)}

. Our approach based on weak solution theory of PDEs and, as a result,
allows use of nonsmooth input/output data. Introducing the input-output operator

Φ
⁢
F

:=

u
x

⁢

(
0
,
t
;
F
)

{\Phi F:=u_{x}(0,t;F)}

,

Φ
:

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
l
)

↦

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
T
)

{\Phi:L^{2}(0,l)\mapsto L^{2}(0,T)}

, where

u
⁢

(
x
,
t
;
F
)

{u(x,t;F)}

is the solution of the wave equation with above homogeneous boundary and initial conditions, we first prove the compactness of this operator. This allows to obtain the uniqueness of regularized solution of the identification problem, i.e. the minimum of the regularized cost functional

J
α

⁢

(
F
)

:=

J
⁢

(
F
)

+

1
2

⁢
α
⁢

∥
F
∥

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
l
)

2

{J_{\alpha}(F):=J(F)+\frac{1}{2}\alpha\|F\|_{L^{2}(0,l)}^{2}}

, where

J
⁢

(
F
)

=

1
2

⁢

∥

u
x

⁢

(
0
,
⋅
;
F
)

-
g

∥

L
2

⁢

(
0
,
T
)

2

{J(F)=\frac{1}{2}\|u_{x}(0,\cdot\,;F)-g\|_{L^{2}(0,T)}^{2}}

. Then the adjoint problem approach is used to derive a formula for the Fréchet gradient of the cost functional

J
⁢

(
F
)

{J(F)}

. Use of the gradient formula in the conjugate gradient algorithm (CGA) allows to construct a fast algorithm for recovering the unknown source

F
⁢

(
x
)

{F(x)}

. A comprehensive set of benchmark numerical examples, with up to 10  noise level random noisy data, illustrate the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Growth and metabolic effects of long-term recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in short children born small for gestational age: GH-RAST study
Authors: Labarta José I. , de Arriba Antonio , Ferrer Marta , Loranca Marisa , Martos José María , Rodríguez Amparo , Samaniego María Luz , Sánchez-Cenizo Laura
Published: July 2020

Objectives

To study the efficacy and influence on metabolism of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) treatment in short children born small for gestational age (SGA).

Methods

Retrospective, observational, multicenter study in 305 short children born SGA, treated with rhGH during a mean ± SD of 5.03 ± 1.73 years at a mean ± SD dose of 37 ± 8 μg/kg/day. Auxological and metabolic assessment including glucose and lipids profile were collected.

Results

Mean ± SD age at the start of treatment was 7.11 ± 2.78 years. Height and weight improved significantly until the end of treatment from mean −2.72 (CI95%: −2.81 to −2.63) standard deviation score (SDS) to −1.16 (CI95%: −1.44 to −0.88) SDS and from −1.62 (CI95%: −1.69 to −1.55) SDS to −0.94 (CI95%: −1.14 to −0.74) SDS respectively. Mean height gain was 1.27 (CI95%: 0.99–1.54) SDS. Prepubertal patients showed higher height gain than pubertal children (mean [CI95%] = 1.44 [CI95%: 1.14–1.74] vs. 0.73 [CI95%: 0.22–1.24], p=0.02). Height gain SDS during treatment negatively correlated with chronological age (CA) and bone age (BA) delay and positively correlated with duration of treatment, height gain during first year of treatment, years on prepubertal treatment and height SDS from target height (TH). Glucose, insulin, and triglycerides increased significantly but remained within the normal range. Total and LDL-cholesterol decreased significantly, and HDL-cholesterol remained unchanged.

Conclusions

rhGH treatment in short SGA children effectively normalized height in most of the patients and showed a safe metabolic profile. Children who benefit the most are those with greater height SDS distance from TH, BA delay, longer duration of treatment and prepubertal treatment initiation.
Three patients with glucose-6 phosphatase catalytic subunit 3 deficiency
Authors: Cetinkaya Pınar Gur , Cagdas Deniz , Arikoglu Tugba , Gumruk Fatma , Tezcan Ilhan
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Severe congenital neutropenia (SCN) is a primary immunodeficiency (PID) characterized by persistent severe neutropenia, recurrent infections, and oral aphthous lesions. Severe congenital neutropenia is caused by various genetic defects such as ELANE, GFI, HAX-1, JAGN1, SRP54, and glucose-6 phosphatase catalytic subunit 3 (G6PC3) deficiency. Clinical features of the patients with G6PC3 deficiency vary from neutropenia to several systemic features in addition to developmental delay.

Case presentation

In this report, we presented three unrelated patients diagnosed with G6PC3 deficiency. All these patients had short stature, prominent and superficial vascular tissue, cardiac abnormalities (Atrial septal defect (secondary), mitral valve prolapse with mitral insufficiency, pulmonary hypertension) and lymphopenia. Patient 1 (P1) and 2 (P2) had urogenital abnormalities, P2 and P3 had thrombocytopenia.

Conclusions

We have shown that lymphopenia and CD4 lymphopenia do not rarely accompany to G6PC3 deficiency. Characteristic facial appearance, systemic manifestions, neutropenia could be the clues for the diagnosis of G6PC3 deficiency.
Spatiotemporal occurrence of Mishmi takin Budorcas taxicolor in Dulongjiang Region, southwestern China
Authors: Li Xueyou , Huang Cheng , Jiang Xuelong
Published: July 2020

Here, we assessed the spatiotemporal distribution of the poorly studied Mishmi takin Budorcas taxicolor to gain a preliminary understanding of the spatiotemporal ecology of the species. We used presence data from line transects and camera-trap surveys combined with a presence-only species distribution model to identify the key factors relevant to takin distribution. Distance to residential site was the main contributing factor to the model predicting habitat suitability for takin. Mishmi takin appeared to prefer habitats far away from residential locations. Our predicted suitable habitats for takin were highly fragmented and were constrained in narrow ranges of remote mountain areas. A circular distribution curve fitted to camera events indicated that grouped takin were more active during the day and less active at night compared to solitary takin. Differences in activity patterns between takin in groups and solitaries might relate to sexual segregation and calve attendance. Our information on the distribution and habitat characteristics of the species will assist habitat management and our prediction map could guide future field surveys for locating a long-term monitoring program.
Bevacizumab for non-small cell lung cancer patients with brain metastasis: A meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Ping , Wang Yu-Dong , Wei Zong-Min , Deng Qi-Jun , Xu Tong , Liu Jiang , Luo Na , Hou Juan
Published: July 2020

This study evaluates the efficacy and safety of bevacizumab (BEV) in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with brain metastases (BM) by performing meta-analyses of response and survival indices. Seventeen studies were included. BEV treatment was associated with a lower new BM incidence (hazard ratio: 0.30 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.14, 0.46]) during follow-up. Disease control rate (DCR) of BEV-treated patients with BM was 91% [95% CI: 85, 95]. However, intracranial DCR was relatively higher (94% [95% CI: 87, 98]) than extracranial DCR (86% [95% CI: 74, 96]). DCR of NSCLC patients with BM was significantly better with BEV than with control therapies (odds ratio: 2.71 [95% CI: 1.26, 5.86], P = 0.01). Progression-free survival (PFS) of BEV-treated patients with and without BM was 7.1 months [95% CI: 6.2, 8.0] and 7.4 months [95% CI: 6.3, 8.4], respectively. Intracranial PFS of BEV-treated patients with BM was 8.0 months [95% CI: 6.0, 10.0]. Overall survival of BEV-treated NSCLC patients with and without BM was 13.5 months [95% CI: 11.4, 15.6] and 12.5 months [95% CI: 10.2, 14.8], respectively. The incidence of bleeding/hemorrhage in the central nervous system was 1% with BEV treatment.
Zur Frage der Beziehung zwischen Recht und Trinken
Authors: Fruscione Daniela
Published: July 2020

Three Kentish laws (Æthelberht 9, Hloþære and Eadric 8 and 9) written in the 7th century mention the places where the men drink (þær mæn drincen).It has already been observed that drinking is not only a feature of a male warrior society, but represents a quasi-juridical institution which enjoys special protection (Renato Gendre 1992). However, the offences committed during these gatherings and the high fines duly paid can only partly be attributed to a general violation of the king’s and house protection.Behind these laws there is an echo of more specific rituals. The legal character in drinking together, as it emerges in the symbolic offences described and fined in Hloþære and Eadric 8 and 9, has never been explored in the light of the recent works on ritual. The meaning of drinking (and toasting) as a binding moment inside some legal proceedings as well as its specific relation to consent are subject of the following investigation. As the most recent works on ritual show, the binding aspect and the creation of consent are among the major features of ritual. Only inside this discourse can thus be explained the meaning in the act of taking a cup from another where men are drinking (with no fault of the man from whom the cup was taken) and of drawing a weapon without doing any harm. These are two actions in which a boasting character is only an aspect, a superficial feature of a warrior society. The deep legal symbolism of both acts deserves further exploration, in which they prevent the participation of the concerned in a legal ceremony and disturb the building of the consensus.
You Can’t Smell Roses Online
Authors: Karlsen Faltin , Syvertsen Trine
Published: July 2020

There is an emerging range of self-help guides advising users on how to minimise their interaction with media. The aim is to create a lifestyle and identity that is less media-centred and more grounded in “real life”. This article discusses media self-help in the light of theories of media domestication, highlighting processes where the aim is to reduce the importance of, rather than to incorporate, media and communication technology into users’ lives. Based on a sample of 30 guides from the self-help siteWikihowdealing with how to handle television, games and social media respectively, the article discusses media self-help strategies in relation to key concepts of domestication theory: appropriation, objectification, incorporation and conversion. In conclusion, the article argues that strategies of withdrawal and resistance should receive more attention in media studies, and point to the concept ofreverse domesticationas one way of highlighting such strategies.
Measuring Resurgence of Religion?
Authors: Linderman Alf , Lövheim Mia
Published: July 2020

The debate about a resurgence of religion in the public life of Western European societies is ongoing in media and academic circles. Yet there is a shortage of systematic and longitudinal empirical studies of the coverage of religion in European mass media. This article presents some empirical findings, but the focus is on methodological considerations in a longitudinal quantitative content analysis of indicators of religion in editorials in the Swedish daily press from 1976 to 2010. We present and discuss how the selection of keywords and of analytical units affects the outcome of our analysis as to tendencies over time regarding the frequency of religion indicators. As our results show, the question of a resurgence of religion in the daily press has no simple answer. Thus, methodological issues concerning reliability, validity and reflexivity are of crucial importance for this and similar studies measuring cultural change as reflected in the daily press.
Manipulating conductive network formation via 3D T-ZnO: A facile approach for a CNT-reinforced nanocomposite
Authors: Huang Xianrong , Zeng Lijian , Li Renfu , Xi Zhaojun , Li Yichao
Published: July 2020

To achieve an efficient conductive network while preserving the properties of carbon nanofillers is a challenging and essential issue for the fabrication of highly conductive polymeric nanocomposites. The present paper reports a facile approach to manipulate the network formation in the polymer matrix via introducing the tetrapod ZnO whisker (T-ZnO) in the carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced epoxy composite. The influence of T-ZnO on the CNT dispersion was evaluated by UV-Vis spectroscopy, rheological measurement, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrical and mechanical properties of the bulk composite. The results showed that the CNTs tend to disperse more uniformly with an increase in T-ZnO loading. An optimized ratio of 1:2 between CNTs and T-ZnO was found to significantly enhance the electrical conductivity by 8 orders of magnitude. A low percolation threshold of 0.25 wt% CNTs was achieved in this hybrid CNTs/T-ZnO composite, which is only 40% of the threshold value in the pure CNTs/epoxy. The flexural strength and modulus of the hybrid composite were also improved noticeably in comparison to the CNTs/epoxy. The mechanism for increasing the performance of the nanocomposite was analyzed. These results indicated that the T-ZnO can assist to efficiently improve the dispersion and the formation of the conductive network, which is beneficial to the enhancement of the mechanical and electrical performance of the nanocomposite.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of WC–Ni multiphase ceramic materials with NiCl2·6H2O as a binder
Authors: Lyu Xingxing , Jiang Xiaosong , Sun Hongliang , Shao Zhenyi
Published: July 2020

High-density WC–Ni composite ceramics were prepared by cold isostatic pressing–vacuum pressureless sintering–hot isostatic pressing with tungsten carbide (WC) powder and NiCl2·6H2O as a binder. Results show that with an increase in the contents of Ni in the metal binder phase, the relative density of WC–Ni composite ceramics is improved, and the formation of the carbon-deficient W2C phase is reduced. There is no W2C generated in the WC–1 wt% Ni material. At high temperatures, the Ni phase changes into the liquid phase and enters between the WC particles, thereby promoting the close alignment of the WC particles. Moreover, the WC particles will be more closely aligned under their own surface tension and capillary action, thereby promoting the densification of WC–Ni composite ceramics. The WC–0.5 wt% Ni composite ceramics are fully dense and show the best comprehensive performance with a microhardness of 23.0 GPa, a fracture toughness of 5.28 MPa m1/2, and a flexural strength of 1,396.58 MPa. WC–Ni composite ceramics are mainly composed of elongated triangular prism WC particles and Ni phase. Transgranular fracture was the main fracture mode of WC–Ni multiphase ceramic materials with a small amount of intergranular fracture due to the existence of the Ni phase. Such a fracture mode can increase the flexural strength of the composite material.
Polyacrylonitrile homogeneous blend hollow fiber membrane with stable structure as a substrate to support Fe/Mn oxide and its enhanced capability to purify dye wastewater
Authors: Hao Zhifen , Xu Naiku , Feng Yan , Chen Yu , Xiao Changfa , Zhang Xiangwu
Published: July 2020

Blending different molecular weight polyacrylonitrile (PAN) was adopted to solve the shrinkage problem of high molecular weight PAN hollow fiber membrane, to enhance the application performance of low molecular weight PAN membrane, and to adjust the porosity, pore size distribution, and hydrophilicity of the end product. The structurally-optimized membrane was chosen as a substrate to support Fe/Mn oxides and then used as a reactor to remove dyes from their solutions in the presence of H2O2. The results showed that the flux of methylene blue (MB) aqueous solution was 83.7 L/m2 h for the PAN homogeneous blend membrane, much higher than 29.1 L/m2 h of high molecular weight PAN membrane; MB removal efficiency was 97.3%, higher than 62.3% of low molecular weight PAN membrane, and it could be reused 25 times to remove dyes from their solutions without any loss in removal efficiency. The membrane was also found to have the application advantages of decreasing H2O2 dosage, reducing operation pressure, and raising MB removal efficiency compared with other membranes reported in the pieces of literature. Therefore, we were confident that the hollow fiber membrane fabricated by us would exhibit great application potential in the field of decontaminating dye wastewater.
A Parametric Study on the Elliptical hole Effects of Laminate Composite Plates under Thermal Buckling Load
Authors: Chhorn Buntheng , Jung WooYoung
Published: July 2020

In this study, a thermal buckling analysis of laminate composite square plate was performed with elliptical hole cutout using the finite element method. Graphite/Epoxy laminate plate used in this study is symmetrical stacking sequence plate [(0/90)2]s. This laminate square plate was subjected to temperature loading with clamped support on all edges. Moreover, the parameters considered were fiber orientation (θ), a/b ratio (elliptical hole), elliptical hole inclination (φ), thermal expansion coefficient ratio (α1/α2), and thickness of plates (t). The results showed that as the thermal expansion coefficient ratio changes, the elliptical hole ratio and the elliptical hole inclination have inconsequential effects on the performance of the resistance of laminate composite plates. The maximum values of thermal buckling amplification factor were obtained when the ratio a/b = 1.0, which is a circle cutout,while the minimum values were obtained when the ratio a/b = 0.5, regardless of the thickness of plates. Moreover, the plate with elliptical or circle cutout hole provides about 4% to 9% higher buckling resistance than that of the plate without hole cutout, because when subjected to temperature loading the plate with hole can release stress better than the plate without hole.
Non-unitary CMV-decomposition
Authors: Van Buggenhout Niel , Van Barel Marc , Vandebril Raf
Published: July 2020

An important decomposition for unitary matrices, the CMV-decomposition, is extended to general non-unitary matrices. This relates to short recurrence relations constructing biorthogonal bases for a particular pair of extended Krylov subspaces.
From Wrath to Punishment: Indirect Communication Between Poseidon and Zeus in Homer’sOdyssey 13.125–158
Authors: Zekas Christodoulos
Published: July 2020

This paper discusses the modes of communication between the two speakers in Poseidon’s protest before Zeus in Odyssey 13.125–158, which results from the Phaeacians facilitating Odysseus’ arrival in Ithaca. As it appears, both interlocutors employ sophisticated techniques that revolve around the mega-theme of Poseidon’s menis against Odysseus. Even though the Sea-god conceals his anger, I maintain that it lurks in the background, and defines the discourse of both speakers in making their claims. On the one hand, Poseidon lets his rage emerge indirectly through his desire for vengeance at the Phaeacians; on the other hand, Zeus manages to negotiate the wrath theme while suppressing the divine decision that defied the Sea-god in the first place. Concealment of aspects of the story and allusions to otherwise suppressed objectives appear extensively in the present passage, which therefore constitutes an excellent case study in the tactics of the Odyssean gods from the angle of indirect communication.
Beschäftigung von Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen im Tourismus: Chancen und Herausforderungen
Authors: Rosenberg-Taufer Barbara , Stalder René , Eggli Florian
Published: July 2020

Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen sollen die Chance haben, am allgemeinen Arbeitsmarkt teilzunehmen. Deshalb wurde in einem interdisziplinären Projekt die Tourismusbranche analysiert und das Potenzial für integrative Arbeitsplätze aufgezeigt. In 70 qualitativen Interviews wurden Mitarbeitende mit Beeinträchtigungen, Arbeitskolleginnen und -kollegen, Entscheidungsträgerinnen und -träger (direkte Vorgesetzte, Personalverantwortliche) und Job Coaches befragt. Die gewonnenen Erkenntnisse bildeten die Basis für die Entwicklung der Website «www.tourismus-mitenand.ch». Diese illustriert Chancen und Herausforderungen für Betriebe, die Menschen mit Beeinträchtigungen einstellen und zeigt potenziellen Mitarbeitenden Arbeitsmöglichkeiten in der Tourismusbranche auf.
Derivatives of the triaminoguanidinium ion, 7: unsymmetrically substituted N,N
'
,N
''-triaminoguanidinium salts via a cyclopentanone spiroaminal intermediate
Authors: Karger Kerstin , Bechthold Katharina , Maas Gerhard
Published: July 2020

N,N′,N″-Triaminoguanidinium chloride (TAG-Cl) reacts with cyclopentanone or cyclohexanone to afford 8-(2-cyclopentylidenehydrazinyl)-6,7,9,10-tetraazaspiro[4.5]decan-8-ylium and 3-(2-cyclohexylidenehydrazinyl)-1,2,4,5-tetraazaspiro[5,5]undecan-3-ylium salts, respectively, i. e., two arms of the TAG ion were engaged in spiroaminal formation and the NH2 group of the third arm underwent imine-forming condensation. Ring-opening reactions of the cyclopentanone derived spiroaminal with aldehydes, aryl ketones, aromatic or aliphatic isocyanates give access to a variety of unsymmetrically substituted derivatives of the TAG ion.
Single-crystal structure determination of LaNi5–x
In
x
and LaNi9–x
In2+x
Authors: Kalychak Yaroslav , Dzevenko Mariya , Babizhetskyy Volodymyr , Daszkiewicz Marek , Gulay Lubomir
Published: July 2020

The crystal structures of the solid solution LaNi5–x
In
x
(x = 0.51) and the ternary compound LaNi9–x
In2+x
(x = 0.80) have been investigated by single-crystal X-ray data. The LaNi5–x
In
x
phase is isotypic with CaCu5: space group P6/mmm, a = 5.042(2), c = 4.009(1) Å. The crystal structure investigation of LaNi9–x
In2+x
(x = 0.80) was performed at T = 295 and 100 K: YNi9In2 type, space group P4/mbm, a = 8.3976(3), c = 5.0439(3) Å for T = 295 K and a = 8.3814(2), c = 5.0352(2) Å for T = 100 K. The lanthanum atoms are located on split positions 2a (0 0 0) and 4e (0 0 0.05).
An Assessment of Corruption’s Impact on the Inflow of Foreign Direct Investment (in the Case of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan)
Authors: Zhorzholiani Tinatin
Published: July 2020

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of corruption on the inflow of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, from 2012 to 2018. The study attempts to answer the question: “What effect does corruption have upon the level of foreign direct investment inflow to a country?” Using the data from UNCTAD for foreign direct investment and Corruption Perception Index from Transparency International, for a period of 7 years, 2012-2018, we evaluated the specific impact of corruptions on FDI using GDP as control variable. A regression model was developed to establish the relationship between FDI and Corruption Perception Index. Co-integrating Regression analysis was carried out using relevant econometric techniques. The model is based on a theoretical approach found in academic literature This exploratory paper results confirm the majority of literature and show a negative significant relation between the variables analysed but at a lower intensity than expected.
Šališkumo problematika nacionaliniuose dienraščiuose 2004 m. Lietuvos Prezidento rinkimų kampanijos metu
Authors: Jastramskis Deimantas
Published: July 2020

Straipsnyje apžvelgiama šališkumo problematika nacionaliniuose dienraščiuose 2004 m. Lietuvos Prezidento rinkimų kampanijos metu kiekybiniu ir kokybiniu spausdintos informacijos apie kandidatus aspektu. Nagrinėjamas kiekvieno nacionalinio dienraščio pateiktos informacijosapie kandidatus kryptingumas, apžvelgiama informacijos balanso tarp kandidatų dinamika. Aptariami koreliacijos tarp palankios ir neutralios bei nepalankios informacijos kiekio ir kandidatų reklamos, užsakomųjų straipsnių kiekio statistinio reikšmingumo duomenys.Esminiai žodžiai: šališkumas, nacionalinis dienraštis, Prezidento rinkimai, informacijos kryptingumas, balansas, koreliacija, statistinis reikšmingumas.
Parlamentarizmo ir cenzūros problema 1920–1926 metais
Authors: Žemaitytė-Veilentienė Audronė
Published: July 2020

Lietuvos valstybės laikinosios konstitucijos, priimtos 1920 m. birželio 2 d., 16§ skelbė: „Visiems Lietuvos piliečiams laiduojama asmens, buto ir korespondencijos neliečiamybė, tikybos, sąžinės, spaudos, žodžio, streikų, susirinkimų ir draugijų laisvė.“ Tačiau pastaboje prie šio paragrafo buvo pažymėta, kad „karo metu, taip pat valstybei gręsiančiam pavojui pašalinti, konstitucijos garantijos įstatymų keliu gali būt sustabdytos“1. Parlamentarų diskusijų šis paragrafas nesukėlė, tačiau beveik per visą parlamentarizmo laikotarpį iki 1926 m. vasaros dėl karo stovio įstatymo šios laisvės buvo suvaržytos. Kodėl ir kaip buvo įmanoma „suderinti“ viešosios informacijos draudimus su demokratijos garantuota spaudos laisve, autorė nagrinėja, pasitelkdama lietuvišką periodiką ir gretindama kitus istorinius dokumentus.Esminiai žodžiai: Konstitucija, cenzūra, kritika, įstatymas, Seimas, Vyriausybė, spauda.
The Norwegian journalism education landscape
Authors: Bjørnsen Gunn , Hovden Jan Fredrik , Ottosen Rune
Published: July 2020

Journalism is one of the most popular study programmes in Norway. There are several pathways into the Norwegian news industry for young people seeking a career in journalism, but it is increasingly common for aspiring journalists to start off with a journalism education. In this article the landscapeof Norwegian journalism education is presented, including a closer look at the content of the studies, the connection to the industry and the students of journalism themselves. The description of the students is based on a dataset from a series of questionnaires administered between 2000 and 2004 to three complete cohorts of Norwegian journalism students at Oslo University College and Volda University College, the largest and oldest J-schools in Norway. Norwegian journalism education can be described as working quite well as measured by both the students’ success in the job market and their expressed satisfaction with their studies. The fact that the application rate for several years has been among the very highest compared with other university programmes also validates this point.
Keywords: Norway, journalism education, relation between industry and j-schools.
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Atminties skiautės iš žurnalistikos studijų: apie universiteto žurnalistikos specialybės pirmosios (1949–1954) laidos studentus ir dėstytojus
Authors: Raguotis Bronius
Published: July 2020

Šie atsiminimų įspūdžiai rašyti per du kartus (2007.06 ir 2007.07). Nesiremta kokiais archyvų ar kitų šaltinių dokumentais. Tad suvokiu, kokių trūkumų jie gali turėti ir turi. Bet sykiu galvoju – kad ir kokie būtų, gal pravers skaitytojui, tyrėjui kaip istorijos medžiaga, asmeniški paliudijimai, patyrimai ir žinios.
Esminiai žodžiai: žurnalistikos studijos, studentai, dėstytojai.
Mokomojo žurnalistikos laikraščio įkūrimo, leidybos ir funkcijų ypatumai
Authors: Dabrovolskas Audrius
Published: July 2020

„Universiteto žurnalistas“ – tai mokomasis Vilniaus universiteto laikraštis, pradėtas leisti 1977 m. Ši mokymo priemonė buvo naudinga ugdant Lietuvos žurnalistų praktinius gebėjimus. Akstinas laikraščiui įkurti buvo siekis, kad spaudos žurnalistai Lietuvoje eksperimentuodami „pirmąjį krikštą“ gautų ne atėję į redakciją, o dar universitete ir, pradėję dirbti periodinėje spaudoje, jau būtų susipažinę su laikraščio kūrimo procesu. Sovietmečiu mokomasis laikraštis žurnalistikos vientisųjų studijų studentams suteikė daug praktinių galimybių rašyti ir publikuoti įvairių žanrų ir tematikos tekstus, kurių jie nebūtų galėję spausdinti viešai kurioje nors kitoje redakcijoje. Bendradarbiaudami su laikraščio redaktoriumi ir su Žurnalistikos katedros dėstytojais, kurie vadovaudavo laikraščio rengimo procesui, studentai įgydavo reikalingos žurnalistui darbo patirties: nuo rankraščio parengimo ir pateikimo redaktoriui iki korektūros skaitymo spaustuvėje.Laikraštis atkurtas 2007 m. popieriniu ir internetinio portalo pavidalais. Jo mokymo funkcijos nepasikeitė, o techninės galimybės išsiplėtė dar labiau. Šiuo metu dviejų Vilniaus universiteto žurnalistikos programų studentai gali išbandyti rašto, garso, vaizdo raišką ar kelių raiškos būdų samplaiką. Pakeisti mokomosios priemonės nuostatai leidžia į laikraščio leidybą įsitraukti ir kitiems Komunikacijos fakulteto studentams. Naudodamasis įvairiais šaltiniais (išlikusiais archyviniais dokumentais, prisiminimais) straipsnio autorius aptaria mokomojo laikraščio įkūrimo aplinkybes, tikslus, atkūrietapus: 1977–1991 m. – mokomojo laikraščio įkūrimas, gyvavimas ir leidybos nutraukimas;2007–2011 m. – leidinio atkūrimas ir tolesnė raida.Straipsnyje nesiimta nagrinėti sovietinio laikotarpio politinio ideologinio konteksto, turėjusio didelę reikšmę žurnalistų rengimui, kadangi tai išsamiai jau aptarta kitose mokslinėse publikacijose. Straipsnyje orientuojamasi į žurnalistikos studijas sovietmečiu, nagrinėjant vieną iš profesinių įgūdžių formavimo elementų, būtent – mokomojo laikraščio įkūrimą1.
Esminiai žodžiai: funkcija, leidyba, mokomasis laikraštis, periodinė spauda, „Universiteto žurnalistas“, Vilniaus universitetas, žurnalistika.
Politinio spektaklio konstravimas posovietinėje erdvėje
Authors: Venckūnas Valius
Published: July 2020

Straipsnyje, remiantis žiniasklaidos teoretikų darbais, analizuojami procesai, vykę žiniasklaidoje posovietinio perėjimo laikotarpiu, taip pat aiškinamasi, kaip dėl šių procesų keitėsi Murray Edelmano aprašytas politinio spektaklio konstravimas.Suirus Sovietų Sąjungai, nepriklausomybę išsikovojusiose valstybėse atsirado galimybė formuotis naujoms žiniasklaidos sistemoms, kurios dėl savitų aplinkybių skiriasi nuo išsamiai aprašytų joms analogiškų Vakarų Europoje ir JAV. Įvairūs žiniasklaidos tyrinėtojai aprašo, kaip skirtingomis aplinkybėmis vykstant posovietinio perėjimo procesui, susidėjusiam iš trijų etapų (proveržio, reformavimo ir stabilizacijos), susiformavo du skirtingi žiniasklaidos modeliai, besiskiriantys santykiu tarp žiniasklaidos ir politinės valdžios. Straipsnyje šie modeliai vadinami laisvuoju ir subordinaciniu. Laisvojo modelio valstybėse žiniasklaidai labiausiai orientuojantis į pelną suprastėjo jos kokybė ir pasitikėjimas ja, dėl to kuriamas politinis spektaklis buvo ne toks efektyvus. Subordinacinio modelio valstybėse žiniasklaidos pagrindu tapo jos turima galia, dėl to žiniasklaidos krizės požymiai buvo menkesni, atsirado galimybė efektyviau kurti politinį spektaklį.Esminiai žodžiai: posovietinė erdvė, politinis spektaklis, žiniasklaida, posovietinis perėjimas.
Darnaus vystymosi koncepcijos vaizdavimas Lietuvos internetinėje žiniasklaidoje 2011 metais
Authors: Savickas Mindaugas
Published: July 2020

Šis straipsnis skirtas darnaus vystymosi vaizdavimo Lietuvos interneto žiniasklaidoje 2011 m. ypatumams atskleisti. Pirmoje darbo dalyje trumpai apžvelgta darnaus vystymosi koncepcija ir svarbesni jos komunikacinės aplinkos aspektai. Empirinėje dalyje tiriant atrinkta medžiaga analizuota remiantis Annabelės McGoldrick suformuluotais publikacijų vertinimo pagal atsakymų į klausimus „Kaip?“ ir „Kodėl?“ paiešką kriterijais, taip pat vertinta, ar jai būdingas T. Hyllando Erikseno, J. Nolino aprašytas padrikas, į visumą nesujungtas ir todėl neišsamus vaizdas.Pasinaudojus darnaus vystymosi kaip integralios koncepcijos suvokimu, tirta, ar publikacijose esama sąsajų tarp skirtingų darnaus vystymosi aspektų: socialinio, ekonominio, aplinkosauginio ir kitų, ne taip pastebimų – religinio, filosofinio ar kt.Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad 2011 m. Lietuvos interneto žiniasklaidoje darnaus vystymosi koncepcija išsamiau neanalizuota – kaip ir kodėl ji buvo sukurta, kiek įgyvendinta, kokios perspektyvos laukia ateityje ir kokios priežastys ją galėtų lemti. Nei vienas iš nagrinėtų didžiausių Lietuvos interneto žiniasklaidos portalų per metus nepateikė patrauklaus ir lengvai prieinamo platesnio darnaus vystymosi koncepcijos ir su ja susijusių procesų vaizdo. Neaptikta išsamesnių analitinių mėginimų darnaus vystymosi kontekste atrasti sąsajų tarp skirtingų koncepcijos aspektų. Informacija pateikiama tik atskirais autonomiškais „gabalėliais“, informuojančiais apie vieną ar kitą (dažniausiai lokalų) įvykį, turintį kokį nors ryšį su darniu vystymusi.Tyrimo medžiagoje taip pat nerasta pasiūlymų, galimų kūrybiškų sprendimų, kurie pagerintų darnaus vystymosi koncepcijos įgyvendinimą bendrąja prasme. Galima teigti, kad dėl vyraujančio chaotiško viazdavimo darnaus vystymosi koncepcija atsiduria trijų skaitomiausių nacionalinių informacinių portalų dienotvarkės užribyje.
Esminiai žodžiai: antropocentrinis, antropogeninis poveikis, darnus vystymasis, ekocentrinis, interneto žiniasklaida, dienotvarkė, komunikacija, poveikis, suvokimas, vaizdavimas, visuma, žmogus.
Kurčiųjų ir neprigirdinčiųjų vaizdavimo ypatumai Lietuvos internetinėje žiniasklaidoje
Authors: Saifulinaitė Jana
Published: July 2020

Straipsnyje, remiantis Peterio L. Bergerio ir Thomo Luckmanno socialinės tikrovės konstravimo teorija, žiniasklaida aptariama ir analizuojama kaip viena svarbiausių socialinių konstruktų apie klausos negalią turinčius žmones kūrėja. Atkreipiant dėmesį į tai, kad žiniasklaidoje vartojama kalba gali turėti itin didelę įtaką aprašomų žmonių identitetui, pristatomas tyrimas, kuriuo siekta išsiaiškinti, kaip Lietuvos internetinėje žiniasklaidoje (portaluose Lrytas.lt, Alfa.lt, Delfi.lt 2006–2012 m.) pateikiami klausos negalią turintys žmonės (toliau – KNTŽ). Atsižvelgiant į tyrimo rezultatus, darbo pabaigoje pateikiama keletas rekomendacijų. Atliktas tyrimas rodo, kaip yra apibūdinami klausos negalią turintys asmenys, o tai yra atspirties taškas rengiant rekomendacijas ir inicijuojant esamos situacijos pokyčius (klausos negalią turinčių žmonių stigmatizacijai mažinti numatytus veiksmus – visuomenės švietimui skirtus seminarus, paskaitas patiems žurnalistams apie kurčiuosius ir neprigirdinčiuosius, stigmatizacijos mažinimo akcijas ir pan. Praktiniai rezultatai gali būti naudingi organizacijoms ir specialistams, ginantiems klausos negalią turinčių asmenų teises ir teikiantiems paslaugas (kaip priemonė atkreipti atsakingų institucijų dėmesį į konkrečias kurčiųjų ir neprigirdinčiųjų stigmatizacijos apraiškas viešojoje erdvėje, jų teisių pažeidimus ir kt.).Esminiai žodžiai: internetinė žiniasklaida, klausos negalia, klausos sutrikimas, kurčiasis, neprigirdintysis, socialinis konstruktyvizmas.