bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spectral Photoluminescent Parameters of Barley Seeds (Hordéum vulgáre) Infected with Fusarium ssp
Authors: Moskovsky Maxim N. , Shogenov Yuri H. , Lavrov Alexander V. , Gulyaev Anatoly A. , Efremenkov Igor Yu. , Pyatchenkov Denis S. , Belyakov Mikhail V.
Published: May 2022

We needed effective and sustainable technologies for better microbiological control of crops, including Fusarium. However, photoluminescent UV–Vis methods are potential for diagnosing plant diseases with Fusarium. It has not been sufficiently studied despite the application of these methods for other biological researches. The excitation spectrum of the seeds during infection shifts to the shorter wavelength and a new maximum appears in the region λ ≈ 232 nm. The photoluminescence of infected seeds increases with excitation by radiation of wavelengths λe,1 = 232 nm, λe,2 = 362 nm and λe,3 = 424 nm by 1.33–3.14 times, and λe,3 = 424 nm—decreases by 1.1 times. Statistical moments μ3 and μ4, asymmetry and kurtosis change only with short‐wave excitation. When analyzing the decomposition of the frequency spectrum into Gaussian curves, the most informative ratio is the ratio of right‐handed and left‐handed Gaussians under excitation λe,2 = 362 nm and λe,3 = 424 nm. The ratios of their maxima change during infection by 1.36–3.2 times, and for excitation by radiation λe,2, the frequency boundaries of Gaussians change. The results of measurements and calculations provide a basis for the development of a method and device for photoluminescence diagnostics of fusarium seeds in UV–Vis ranges.
Transcription factor MdLSD1 negatively regulates α‐farnesene biosynthesis in apple‐fruit skin tissue
Authors: Du B. , Ma X. , Liu H. , Dong K. , Liu H. , Zhang Y.
Published: May 2022

α‐Farnesene is a sesquiterpene present in plants. It was first discovered in apples. It plays an important role in the plant defence response and is considered a key factor in the occurrence of superficial scald. The gene encoding α‐farnesene synthase, which is the last key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of α‐farnesene in apple fruit, has become the primary target enzyme for controlling the genetic manipulation of α‐farnesene biosynthesis.

In this study, the yeast one‐hybrid assay and the dual luciferase assay were used to ascertain the relationship between MdLSD1 and MdAFS. Real‐time PCR was used to analyse the molecular mechanism underlying the regulation of MdAFS by MdLSD1.

Our results revealed that transcription factor MdLSD1, which is closely related to programmed cell death in apple fruit tissues, binds to MdAFS. Transient transformation of apple skin with vectors overexpressing MdLSD1 showed that the gene negatively regulates MdAFS.

Overall, we suggest that MdLSD1 negatively regulates MdAFS. Our results are of great significance for future research on the transcriptional regulation of the α‐farnesene synthase gene and provide a new direction for exploring the specific mechanism of programmed cell death involved in superficial‐scald incidence.
Bayesian dynamic learning and pricing with strategic customers
Authors: Chen Xi , Gao Jianjun , Ge Dongdong , Wang Zizhuo
Published: May 2022

We consider a seller who repeatedly sells a nondurable product to a single customer whose valuations of the product are drawn from a certain distribution. The seller, who initially does not know the valuation distribution, may use the customer's purchase history to learn and wishes to choose a pricing policy that maximizes her long‐run revenue. Such a problem is at the core of personalized revenue management where the seller can access each customer's individual purchase history and offer personalized prices. In this paper, we study such a learning problem when the customer is aware of the seller's policy and thus may behave strategically when making a purchase decision. By using a Bayesian setting with a binary prior, we first show that a popular policy in this setting—the myopic Bayesian policy (MBP)—may lead to incomplete learning of the seller, namely, the seller may never be able to ascertain the true type of the customer and the regret may grow linearly over time. The failure of the MBP is due to the strategic action taken by the customer. To address the strategic behavior of the customers, we first analyze a Stackelberg game under a two‐period model. We derive the optimal policy of the seller in the two‐period model and show that the regret can be significantly reduced by using the optimal policy rather than the myopic policy. However, such a game is hard to analyze in general. Nevertheless, based on the idea used in the two‐period model, we propose a randomized Bayesian policy (RBP), which updates the posterior belief of the customer in each period with a certain probability, as well as a deterministic Bayesian policy (DBP), in which the seller updates the posterior belief periodically and always defers her update to the next cycle. For both the RBP and DBP, we show that the seller can learn the customer type exponentially fast even if the customer is strategic, and the regret is bounded by a constant. We also propose policies that achieve asymptotically optimal regrets when only a finite number of price changes are allowed.
Genetic manipulation of bermudagrass photosynthetic biosynthesis using Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation
Authors: Xu Xiao , Liu Wenwen , Liu Xiaoyan , Cao Yingping , Li Xiaoning , Wang Guangyang , Fu Chunxiang , Fu Jinmin
Published: May 2022

Bermudagrass is one of the most extensively used warm‐season grasses. It is widely used in landscaping, stadium construction and soil remediation due to its excellent regeneration, trampling and stress tolerances. However, studies on its regulatory mechanism and variety improvement by genetic engineering are still at a standstill, owing to its genetic variability and intrinsic limits linked with some resistance to Agrobacterium infection. In this study, we established a higher efficient Agrobacterium‐mediated transformation via screening for vital embryogenic callus and improving infection efficiency. The superior callus was light yellow, hard granular and compact, determined with a differentiation rate of more than 95%. The optimized infestation courses by gentle shaking, vacuuming and sonicating were used. The infested calluses were co‐cultured for 3 days, followed by desiccation treatments for 1 day to get higher infection efficiency. Then the CdHEMA1 gene, essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis, was cloned and transferred into bermudagrass to validate the aforementioned optimization procedures integrally. Molecular‐level analyses indicated that the CdHEMA1 gene had successfully integrated and was greatly increased in transgenic seedlings. Results of the photosynthetic capacity assessment showed that CdHEMA1 overexpression may considerably enhance the contents of photosynthetic pigments, OJIP curve and reaction center density (RC/CSo) to absorb (ABS/CSo, ABS/CSM) and capture (TRo/CSo) more light energy, hence improve the performance indices PIABS and PICS compared to the wild type. The successful completion of this project would provide a solid platform for further gene function study and molecular breeding of bermudagrass.
Commentaries from ancient mesopotamia: Texts, genres, and hermeneutics
Authors: Gabbay Uri
Published: May 2022

Akkadian commentaries from ancient Mesopotamia, written on cuneiform tablets dating to the first millennium BCE, deal with various texts and exhibit a variety of hermeneutical techniques and concerns. These commentaries are connected to the process of canonization, and also provide a glimpse into the scholarly environment in which they were produced.
The Multilingual Minister: Languages and Code‐Switching in the Life‐Writing of Scottish Highland Scholar and Traveller, Rev. James Fraser (1634–1709)
Authors: Worthington David
Published: May 2022

This article widens the focus of the debate around multilingualism in early modern Europe. Using the life‐writing of a scholar, traveller and Protestant minister from the Scottish Highlands, Rev. James Fraser (1634–1709), it provides a North Sea perspective on the theme. The article sheds light on how Fraser and his locale (the ‘firthlands’ of northern mainland Scotland) produced a dynamic scholarly contribution in local, regional, national and transnational terms, one that was defined by a culture of code‐switching and polyglossia. Employing, in particular, his history of the Fraser family to 1674 and his three‐volume memoir of his travels in Europe, it finds a common thread in Fraser's life in its multilingual nature. Focusing first on the spoken word, and, subsequently, on reading and writing, the article shows how Fraser's evidence from the seventeenth‐century Scottish Highlands provides a vital insight into how the English language rose in the region and across the Atlantic archipelago, and, conversely, how early modern northern Europeans, speakers of minority languages, in particular, experienced and sustained multilingual cultures.
How do racial stereotypes affect social preferences? An experimental investigation
Authors: Cristiane Santos Póvoa Angela , Margareth Assaka, Andressa , Pech Wesley
Published: May 2022

Objective

We analyzed how racial stereotypes in Brazil affect monetary allocations in bargaining and distribution settings.

Methods

We conducted an ultimatum game (UG) and a dictator game (DG) in which first movers received information about the race of their counterparts before making allocation decisions. We also implemented a postexperiment questionnaire that asked subjects about the beliefs and motivations that helped them make the decisions.

Results

Afro‐Brazilians received significantly larger transfers/offers in both games than white Brazilians. The postexperiment survey indicated that the main reason for the increase in pro‐social behavior was the belief that Afro‐Brazilians have, on average, lower levels of income and are more in need of a generous offer/transfer.

Conclusion

Afro‐Brazilians were perceived by first movers as “people in need of care,” which in turn drove subjects not only to transfer more to them in the DG but also caused first movers to make more generous offers in the UG. The study contributes to the social preferences literature by highlighting how stereotypes about a particular race influence people's decisions in dividing a resource.
GmMKK4‐activated GmMPK6 stimulates GmERF113 to trigger resistance to Phytophthora sojae in soybean
Authors: Gao Hong , Jiang Liangyu , Du Banghan , Ning Bin , Ding Xiaodong , Zhang Chuanzhong , Song Bo , Liu Shanshan , Zhao Ming , Zhao Yuxin , Rong Tianyu , Liu Dongxue , Wu Junjiang , Xu Pengfei , Zhang Shuzhen
Published: May 2022

Phytophthora root and stem rot is a worldwide soybean (Glycine max) disease caused by the soil‐borne pathogen Phytophthora sojae. This disease is devastating to soybean production, so improvement of resistance to P. sojae is a major target in soybean breeding. Mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are important signaling modules that convert environmental stimuli into cellular responses. Compared with extensive studies in Arabidopsis, the molecular mechanism of MAPK cascades in soybean disease resistance is barely elucidated. In this work, we found that the gene expression of mitogen‐activated protein kinase 6 (GmMPK6) was potently induced by P. sojae infection in the disease‐resistant soybean cultivar ‘Suinong 10’. Overexpression of GmMPK6 in soybean resulted in enhanced resistance to P. sojae and silencing of GmMPK6 led to the opposite phenotype. In our attempt to dissect the role of GmMPK6 in soybean resistance to phytophthora disease, we found that MAPK kinase 4 (GmMKK4) and the ERF transcription factor GmERF113 physically interact with GmMPK6, and we determined that GmMKK4 could phosphorylate and activate GmMPK6, which could subsequently phosphorylate GmERF113 upon P. sojae infection, suggesting that P. sojae can stimulate the GmMKK4–GmMPK6–GmERF113 signaling pathway in soybean. Moreover, phosphorylation of GmERF113 by the GmMKK4–GmMPK6 module promoted GmERF113 stability, nuclear localization and transcriptional activity, which significantly enhanced expression of the defense‐related genes GmPR1 and GmPR10‐1 and hence improved disease resistance of the transgenic soybean seedlings. In all, our data reveal that the GmMKK4–GmMPK6–GmERF113 cascade triggers resistance to P. sojae in soybean and shed light on functions of MAPK kinases in plant disease resistance.
Incidence of and risk factors for self‐load‐related and medical device‐related pressure injuries in critically ill patients: A prospective observational cohort study
Authors: Shimura Tomoko , Nakagami Gojiro , Ogawa Rei , Ono Shimpei , Takahashi Toshiaki , Nagata Misako , Kashiwabara Kosuke , Sugama Junko , Sanada Hiromi , Oe Makoto
Published: May 2022

There are two types of pressure injuries: self‐load‐related pressure injuries (PIs) and medical device‐related pressure injuries (MDRPIs), but the differences in risk factors between PIs and MDRPIs have not yet been clarified. If risk factors for PIs and MDRPIs differ, preventive interventions should take this into account. This is a prospective cohort study aimed to determine the cumulative incidence of PIs and MDRPIs in critically ill patients and to identify corresponding risk factors. The study included 1418 patients who were admitted to the critical care medical center of a single university hospital in Tokyo, Japan, between 1 December 2019 and 31 August 2020. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative incidence of PIs and MDRPIs. Furthermore, the Cox proportional hazards model was used to analyse the predictors in both the PI and MDRPI incidence and non‐incidence groups. Predictors were based on data from the 0th disease day. The cumulative incidence of PIs and MDRPIs was 4.6/1000 person‐days and 3.6/1000 person‐days, respectively. Multivariate analysis using the Cox proportional hazards model showed that common risk factors for the occurrence of PIs and MDRPIs were possession of PI on admission, higher blood lactate, blood purification therapy, and positional restriction. The risk factors for PIs only were diabetes mellitus, septic shock, and a lower serum albumin level, while the risk factors for MDRPIs only were the D‐dimer level and extracorporeal membranous oxygenation treatment. Therefore, prophylactic interventions need to consider these different risk factors.
Notch, Numb and Numb‐like responses to exercise‐induced muscle damage in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Bubak Matthew P. , Stout Kevan , Tomtschik Julia , Peterson Ethan , Cardozo Christopher P. , Graham Zachary A. , Gallagher Philip
Published: May 2022

New Findings

What is the central question of this study?

Do Notch, Numb and Numb‐like expression change in human skeletal muscle after exercise‐induced muscle damage?

What are the main finding and its importance?

Notch gene expression trends toward an increase in response to an acute bout of exercise‐induced muscle damage, while Numb and Numb‐like expression does not change. These results suggest that human skeletal muscle response to exercise‐induced muscle damage is dynamic and may differ from Drosophila and rodent models. Furthermore, the timing of muscle biopsies, training status and muscle damage protocols should be considered.

This investigation examined changes in the gene and protein expression of Notch, Numb and Numb‐like (Numbl) in human skeletal muscle after an acute bout of eccentric exercise‐induced muscle damage. Twelve recreationally active male subjects participated in this study. These individuals completed seven sets of 10 repetitions of eccentric leg extension at 120% of one‐repetition max with 2 min of rest period between sets. Four muscle biopsies of the vastus lateralis were collected: before exercise (Pre), and 3 h, 2 days and 5 days post‐muscle damage. Biopsy samples were used to probe Notch, Numb and Numbl utilizing western blot and RT‐qPCR techniques. The results were analysed using a one‐way repeated‐measures ANOVA. Notch1 mRNA expression trended toward a significant increase from Pre to 2 days post‐muscle damage from baseline measures (P = 0.087), while Numb (P = 0.804) and Numbl (P = 0.480) expression was unaltered post‐muscle damage. There were no significant differences in protein expression post‐muscle damage for any of the proteins. These results suggest that exercise‐induced muscle damage, via eccentric exercise, slightly elevates Notch1 mRNA expression.
Investigating strong gravitational lensing effects by supermassive black holes with Horndeski gravity
Authors: Kumar Jitendra , Islam Shafqat Ul , Ghosh Sushant G.
Published: May 2022

We study gravitational lensing in strong-field limit by a static spherically symmetric black hole in quartic scalar field Horndeski gravity having additional hair parameter q, evading the no-hair theorem. We find an increase in the deflection angle $$\alpha _D$$

α
D

, photon sphere radius $$x_{ps}$$

x

ps

, and angular position $$\theta _{\infty }$$

θ
∞

that increases more quickly while angular separation s more slowly, but the ratio of the flux of the first image to all other images $$r_{mag}$$

r

mag

decreases rapidly with increasing magnitude of the hair q. We also discuss the astrophysical consequences in the supermassive black holes at the centre of several galaxies and note that the black holes in Horndeski gravity can be quantitatively distinguished from the Schwarzschild black hole. Notably, we find that the deviation $$\Delta \theta _{\infty }$$

Δ

θ
∞

of black holes in Horndeski gravity from their general relativity (GR) counterpart, for supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87*, for $$q=-0.2$$

q
=
-
0.2

, respectively, can reach as much as $$2.4227~\mu $$

2.4227

μ

as and $$1.82026~\mu $$

1.82026

μ

as while $$\Delta s$$

Δ
s

is about $$0.04650~\mu $$

0.04650

μ

as for Sgr A* and $$0.03493~\mu $$

0.03493

μ

as for M87*. The ratio of the flux of the first image to all other images suggest that the Schwarzschild images are brighter than those of the black holes in Horndeski gravity, wherein the deviation $$|\Delta r_{mag}|$$

|
Δ

r

mag

|

is as much as 0.70673. The results suggest that observational tests of hairy black holes in Horndeski gravity are indeed feasible. Taking the supermassive black holes Sgr A* and M87* as the lens, we also compare our hairy Horndeski black holes observable signatures with those of the neutral Horndeski black holes, Galileon black holes and charged Horndeski black holes. It turns out that although it is possible to detect some effects of the strong deflection lensing by the hairy Horndeski black holes and other black holes with the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) observations, but it is unconvincing to discern these black holes as deviations are $${\mathcal {O}}(\mu $$

O
(
μ

as). We also find that the shadow size is consistent with EHT observation if the deviation parameter $$q \in (-0.281979,0)$$

q
∈
(
-
0.281979
,
0
)
The structure of almost Abelian Lie algebras
Authors: Avetisyan Zhirayr
Published: May 2022

An almost Abelian Lie algebra is a non-Abelian Lie algebra with a codimension 1 Abelian ideal. Most 3-dimensional real Lie algebras are almost Abelian, and they appear in every branch of physics that deals with anisotropic media — cosmology, crystallography, etc. In differential geometry and theoretical physics, almost Abelian Lie groups have given rise to some of the simplest solvmanifolds on which various geometric structures such as symplectic, Kähler, spin, etc., are currently studied in explicit terms. However, a systematic study of almost Abelian Lie groups and algebras from mathematics perspective has not been carried out yet, and this paper is the first step in addressing this wide and diverse class of groups and algebras. This paper studies the structure and important algebraic properties of almost Abelian Lie algebras of arbitrary dimension over any field of scalars. A classification of almost Abelian Lie algebras is given. All Lie subalgebras and ideals, automorphisms and derivations, Lie orthogonal operators and quadratic Casimir elements are described exactly.
Radiation reaction force on an accelerating point charge
Authors: Franklin Jerrold
Published: May 2022

The Maxwell stress tensor and conservation of momentum are used to find the radiation reaction force on a point charge accelerating parallel to its velocity. The derived force, [Formula: see text], is quite different from the Abraham–Lorentz force. It does not depend on the time derivative of the acceleration, and has none of the problems associated with the Abraham–Lorentz force.
Path integrals in JT gravity and Virasoro constraints
Authors: Kimura Yusuke
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we examine the large-[Formula: see text] asymptotic Weil–Petersson volume formulas deduced in the previous literature. The volume formulas have application to computing the partition functions and the correlation functions in Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity. We utilize two approaches to assess the validity of the formulas. The first approach is to examine the asymptotic volume formulas from the perspective of the Witten conjecture. If the volume formulas are correct, the generating function of the intersection indices deduced from the asymptotic volume formulas would satisfy constraints that are analogous to the Virasoro constraints. We confirmed that the intersection indices computed from the large-[Formula: see text] asymptotic volume formulas satisfy variants of the string and dilaton equations. This implies that the generating function of the intersection indices deduced from the asymptotic volume formulas indeed satisfies constraints analogous to first two of the Virasoro constraints. As another approach, we also examined the asymptotic volume formulas by studying the behavior of the higher-order spectral form factors. Our analyses suggest that the large-[Formula: see text] asymptotic Weil–Petersson volume formulas yield plausible estimations.
Monitoring and Locating Oceanic Sailors Through Wireless Sensor Network
Authors: Gupta Shruti , Singh Shailendra Narayan , Kansal Vineet
Published: May 2022

A systematic oceanographic monitoring and management requires an effective marine tracking system. It helps the localization of different marine assets, their border control and in encountering emergency situations. Thus, a reliable marine tracking system is always required to ensure a safe marine environment for shippers, fishers, sailors and other marine assets. Nowadays due to the evolution in wireless sensor network (WSN) technology, their easy and inexpensive deployment can be seen in different fields such as agriculture, medical, industries and IoT. The implementation of WSN in the marine environment comes with various issues due to the complex behavior of the marine environment and thus affects the reliability of the system. In this paper, a WSN-based marine tracking protocol sailing is presented, which identifies the location of marine assets reliably through the genetic firefly (GEFIR) algorithm. The system comprises sensor nodes, sink nodes, server-client terminals and a base station. The protocol uses the application and contact layers to create a group of beacon nodes (boats) based on the geographical location to conserve energy and increase data reliability. GEFIR algorithm is implemented to give a precise and more convenient data to the WSN for the mariners. The results show a better performance for latency calculation through the WSN- and GEFIR-based sailing protocol. The system generates the alert to nodes (sailors) in case they are moving out from a specified region and sends their location for further communication.
DC Voltage Inversion Estimation Method of MMC Submodule Based on Current Information
Authors: Zhang Yang , Zhao Ran , Xie Yunmin , Liu Jianbing , Sheng Jing , Xu Huijun , Rao Fanxing
Published: May 2022

DC voltage detection of sub-modules is very important for the stability of cascaded multilevel converters. Operation and maintenance personnel need a detection algorithm to supplement the uncertainty and risk caused by the traditional redundancy scheme. This paper presented a DC voltage indirect estimation method based on current transformer. The method uses the AC side current value, as well as the sub-module equivalent circuit model and switching state to estimate the DC voltage of the sub-module of the cascade system. The estimation models are established and can be used to the sub-modules of three topologies, i.e., half-bridge, H bridge topology and clamp double sub-module. Simulation and experimental systems are built to testify the proposed method. The results showed that, when [Formula: see text] or 12, the indirect detection model based on AC current met the requirements of detection accuracy within 1% under different calculation steps, and the sampling error had little influence on it. The indirect estimation method could reduce the use of DC transformers and improve equipment reliability and maintainability.
MODELING THE ROLE OF VACCINATION, ENVIRONMENTAL SANITATION, AND SATURATED TREATMENT ON THE SPREAD OF TYPHOID FEVER
Authors: IRENA TSEGAYE KEBEDE , GAKKHAR SUNITA
Published: May 2022

A deterministic nonlinear mathematical model is developed for typhoid transmission dynamics in human hosts, coupled with multiple transmission routes. The model aims to examine the role of control interventions such as vaccination, environmental sanitation, and saturated treatment on the prevalence of typhoid. First, the qualitative analysis of the model with constant control interventions is performed. The model exhibits a backward bifurcation phenomenon. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to identify impactful parameters for effective control of the disease. Then, the model is extended to a corresponding optimal control problem to investigate the optimum intervention strategies by assessing their effects on typhoid prevalence and economic load. The characterization of the optimal controls is determined using Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, and the optimality system is developed. Numerical results suggest that, in the absence of treatment, the combination of vaccination and environmental sanitation controls plays an important role in reducing the typhoid burden and economic load. Moreover, the comprehensive use of the three control interventions is more effective than using any single or two combined control interventions. It reduces the number of infective humans and environmental bacteria as well as the cost burden associated with applied controls and opportunity loss. Thus, the comprehensive effect of the three control interventions is found to be more economical during typhoid outbreaks.
CONSTRUCTION OF EMPIRICAL MODELS VIA A STEPWISE FITTING OF A FRACTIONAL NEWTONIAN COOLING LAW
Authors: DE PRESNO A. CASILLAS-GARCÍA , GODÍNEZ F. A.
Published: May 2022

The cooling curves of some natural and artificial systems show a series of anomalies (such as sudden drops in temperature or non-homogeneous behavior) that can hardly be modeled with simple laws covering their entire duration. Via three algorithms, we developed a procedure which consists of a stepwise fitting of a fractional Newtonian law of cooling model to empirical curves that show such anomalies. We used the Caputo fractional derivative to construct models for phenomena which show such anomalies — Mpemba effect and the cooling performance of household utensils — which we present in detail. In this manner, we were able to construct continuous functions that represent quite well the experimental data, as opposed to the functions commonly obtained by an integer-order model of Newton’s cooling law. Although these piecewise models are purely empirical descriptions, they can be predictive tools of great interest to product designers in the food industry and might provide elements to gain a deeper understanding of an unintelligible phenomenon such as the Mpemba effect.
UNIFORM CONTINUITY OF FRACTIONAL ORDER INTEGRAL OF FRACTAL INTERPOLATION FUNCTION
Authors: PAN XUEZAI , SHANG XUDONG
Published: May 2022

It is the purpose of this paper that uniform continuity of fractional order integral of fractal interpolation function (FIF) is researched. First, FIF generated by affine transformation is constructed. Second, the combination between Riemann–Liouville fractional order integral and FIF is defined. Finally, the continuity and the uniform continuity of fractional order integral of FIF are proved by compactness theorem of numbers sequence or finite covering theorem. The result shows that fractional order integral of FIF is uniformly continuous on a closed interval.
FUNDING HYPERLEDGER BLOCKCHAIN DAPP FOR COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: AGUILERA RICARDO CARREÑO , ORTIZ MIGUEL PATIÑO , ORTIZ JULIAN PATIÑO , LOZADA ERICK VELAZQUEZ
Published: May 2022

Initial Crypto-Token Offering (ICO) strategy has worked so far to fund any project. In this scheme, the ICO launches a token playing the role of a stockholder’s share; the more the people buy tokens, the more the funding for the projects. The stakeholders also earn money if the project gains more reliability and more people buy this token. In other words, an ICO strategy works based on either selling or buying of tokens in the areas of security, utility, equity, etc. However, this paper’s focus is only on using oracles and Hyperledger, which means that there is no need to launch a token, instead it uses the network blockchain benefits, particularly oracles and the Ethereum virtual machine, i.e. not the Ethereum blockchain platform but its virtual machine. Since this is a proposal for governmental or corporate usage, the Hyperledger and oracles strategy fits better for this application. Funds for this use-case are gathered in the healthcare field, specifically to reduce the COVID-19 pandemic. The system’s reliability is the core for attracting investors and donors to fund the system if it guarantees that resources will get to the right destiny. DAPP is based on a smart contract aligned with the smart societies concept to ensure system sustainability.
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHANGES OF THE PEO COATING INDUCED BY SILANE-BASED SOL–GEL TREATMENT
Authors: CHEN ZHENNING , GENG XIAOQIAN , YONG XINGYUE , CHEN XIAOCHUN , SUN ZHIHUA
Published: May 2022

In this paper, the silane-based sol–gel treatment process was applied to the plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) ZM6 Mg-alloy. The microstructural characteristics and corrosion resistance of the PEO/organic composite coatings were studied by means of SEM and XRT in conjunction with electrochemical measurements. The results showed that the microdefects in the PEO coating could be effectively filled with the silane compounds, reducing the porosity of the PEO coating. The treated PEO coating had a hydrophobic property, which may be related to the siloxane network (Si–O–Si) formed on the PEO coating surface. The corrosiveness of the silane agent to the PEO coating and the generation of internal stress in the PEO coating resulted in the damage of microstructures of the PEO coating. The global and local electrochemical measurements showed that the corrosion-resistant performance of the PEO Mg-alloys after the silane-based sol–gel treatment was improved and its service life would be shortened by the balance of micropores without sealing and the damaged microstructure.
INTERFACE MODIFICATION OF SUBSTRATE FOR ENHANCING ADHESIVE STRENGTH OF CVD DIAMOND COATING BY SOLID PARTICLES
Authors: JU FASONG , CHEN NAICHAO , CAO CHENYI , LIU DONGMEI , ZHAO JIN , ZHONG MINYONG
Published: May 2022

The strong adhesive strength is essential for the widespread applications of diamond coating in the mechanical field. In this paper, a novel method combining conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond technique with solid particles was proposed to modify the interface material properties of substrate to improve the adhesive strength of the diamond coating. Prior to deposition, wet dispersion was adopted to uniformly distribute solid particles on the substrate, with which the diamond coatings with the WC, TiC and BN particles embedded at the interface were fabricated on Co-cemented tungsten carbide (WC-Co) substrate. In addition, the pure diamond coating was also fabricated for comparison. The as-deposited diamond coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Raman spectroscopy. The results indicated that the diamond coating with TiC exhibited the highest residual stress, which may be due to the larger lattice mismatch between TiC and diamond as compared to WC and BN. The indentation test suggested that WC and BN particles were favorable for the improvement of the adhesive strength and the crack resistance of diamond coating, while this phenomenon was not observed in the diamond coating with TiC particle. This might be caused by the large lattice parameter, high lattice mismatch, and high thermal expansion coefficient mismatch of TiC as compared with diamond. Furthermore, the lattice parameter of additional particles might be an important factor to determine whether or not the adhesive strength of diamond coating can be enhanced, because it determined the compressive stress or tensile stress generated inside diamond coating. Hence, interface modification of substrate by dispersing the solid particles with low lattice parameter or similar material properties of diamond may be an effective and convivence approach to improve the adhesive strength of the diamond coating.
Twisting functors and Gelfand–Tsetlin modules over semisimple Lie algebras
Authors: Futorny Vyacheslav , Křižka Libor
Published: May 2022

We associate to an arbitrary positive root [Formula: see text] of a complex semisimple finite-dimensional Lie algebra [Formula: see text] a twisting endofunctor [Formula: see text] of the category of [Formula: see text]-modules. We apply this functor to generalized Verma modules in the category [Formula: see text] and construct a family of [Formula: see text]-Gelfand–Tsetlin modules with finite [Formula: see text]-multiplicities, where [Formula: see text] is a commutative [Formula: see text]-subalgebra of the universal enveloping algebra of [Formula: see text] generated by a Cartan subalgebra of [Formula: see text] and by the Casimir element of the [Formula: see text]-subalgebra corresponding to the root [Formula: see text]. This covers classical results of Andersen and Stroppel when [Formula: see text] is a simple root and previous results of the authors in the case when [Formula: see text] is a complex simple Lie algebra and [Formula: see text] is the maximal root of [Formula: see text]. The significance of constructed modules is that they are Gelfand–Tsetlin modules with respect to any commutative [Formula: see text]-subalgebra of the universal enveloping algebra of [Formula: see text] containing [Formula: see text]. Using the Beilinson–Bernstein correspondence we give a geometric realization of these modules together with their explicit description. We also identify a tensor subcategory of the category of [Formula: see text]-Gelfand–Tsetlin modules which contains constructed modules as well as the category [Formula: see text].
Lower semicontinuity and pointwise behavior of supersolutions for some doubly nonlinear nonlocal parabolic p-Laplace equations
Authors: Banerjee Agnid , Garain Prashanta , Kinnunen Juha
Published: May 2022

We discuss pointwise behavior of weak supersolutions for a class of doubly nonlinear parabolic fractional p-Laplace equations which includes the fractional parabolic p-Laplace equation and the fractional porous medium equation. More precisely, we show that weak supersolutions have lower semicontinuous representative. We also prove that the semicontinuous representative at an instant of time is determined by the values at previous times. This gives a pointwise interpretation for a weak supersolution at every point. The corresponding results hold true also for weak subsolutions. Our results extend some recent results in the local parabolic case, and in the nonlocal elliptic case, to the nonlocal parabolic case. We prove the required energy estimates and measure theoretic De Giorgi type lemmas in the fractional setting.
Symmetric locally free resolutions and rationality problems
Authors: Bini Gilberto , Kapustka Grzegorz , Kapustka Michał
Published: May 2022

We show that the birationality class of a quadric surface bundle over [Formula: see text] is determined by its associated cokernel sheaves. As an application, we discuss stable-rationality of very general quadric bundles over [Formula: see text] with discriminant curves of fixed degree. In particular, we construct explicit models of these bundles for some discriminant data. Among others, we obtain various birational models of a nodal Gushel–Mukai fourfold, as well as of a cubic fourfold containing a plane. Finally, we prove stable irrationality of several types of quadric surface bundles.
Optimizing Viscous Damper Placement with Element Exchange Method and Energy-Based Distribution Methods for Building Structures
Authors: Chan Peng-Tai , Leu Liang-Jenq , Ma Quincy Tsun Ming
Published: May 2022

Viscous dampers enhance the seismic performance of buildings by increasing the capacity for damping. It remains a challenge to decide on the optimum placement for the added dampers and it has been a continuing subject of research. In this paper, Element Exchange Method and energy-based distribution methods are proposed. The proposed methods are compared against currently available methods through case studies. The case studies are based on a two-dimensional ten-story shear building adopting different nonlinearity of viscous dampers and a three-dimensional steel moment-resisting-frame (MRF) building with varying plan asymmetry. The methods then automatically develop damper placement schemes, and subsequently, the buildings are evaluated for their maximum peak inter-story drift against a suite of ground motions. The result shows that Element Exchange methods and energy-based distribution methods can successfully reduce maximum peak inter-story drift over all case studies.
Spin connection and cosmological perturbations in scalar-torsion gravity
Authors: Toporensky Alexey V. , Tretyakov Petr V.
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we generalize our previous results on spin connection for the linear scalar cosmological perturbation in [Formula: see text] theory to a wider class of theories which includes a scalar field [Formula: see text] non-minimally coupled to torsion, and allows [Formula: see text]-dependence of the function [Formula: see text]. The case of [Formula: see text], with a scalar field non-minimally coupled to torsion, needs a special treatment. In both considered cases we derive self-consistent equations of motion for cosmological perturbation using a solution for non-trivial spin connection.
Simplified Method for Predicting Time-Dependent Behavior of Deep-Buried Tunnel Considering Tunnel Excavation Rate and Stress Release Effects
Authors: Qiu Jutao , Shen Yusheng , Zhang Xi , Zhang Yifei , Gan Yuhang , Zhou Xiaojun
Published: May 2022

The excavation of a tunnel in soft rock will cause stress disturbance to the surrounding rock. Meanwhile, the creep of soft rock occurs under deviatoric stress, which may cause damage to the tunnel structure and affect its long-term service life. It is a challenge to evaluate the time-dependent behavior of deep-buried tunnels in rheological rock mass accurately and take measures to reduce tunnel convergence as much as possible for geotechnical engineers. A simplified method for calculating the stresses and displacements of the surrounding rock and tunnel lining with time is proposed in this paper. Moreover, theoretical derivations for four viscoelastic models are carried out based on the degeneration relationship between them. The effects of both tunnel excavation rate and rock stress release are considered. The analytical expressions of the lined tunnel are derived via the Boltzmann superposition principle and the theory of the integral equations. The effectiveness of the proposed analytical method is verified by the existing analytical solutions and the numerical simulation. Additionally, the calculated results are compared with those without considering stress release. Finally, parametric analysis is performed to investigate the influence on the responses of the deep-buried tunnel.
On the divisibility of the rank of appearance of a Lucas sequence
Authors: Sanna Carlo
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a Lucas sequence and, for every prime number [Formula: see text], let [Formula: see text] be the rank of appearance of [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], that is, the smallest positive integer [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] divides [Formula: see text], whenever it exists. Furthermore, let [Formula: see text] be an odd positive integer. Under some mild hypotheses, we prove an asymptotic formula for the number of primes [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] divides [Formula: see text], as [Formula: see text].
Minimal Mahler measure in cubic number fields
Authors: Eldredge Lydia , Petersen Kathleen
Published: May 2022

The minimal integral Mahler measure of a number field [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], is the minimal Mahler measure of an integral generator of [Formula: see text]. Upper and lower bounds, which depend on the discriminant and degree of [Formula: see text], are known. We show that for three natural families of cubics, the lower bounds are sharp with respect to its growth as a function of discriminant. We construct an algorithm to compute [Formula: see text] for all cubics with absolute value of the discriminant bounded by [Formula: see text] and show the resulting data for [Formula: see text].
Semi-stable deformation rings in even Hodge–Tate weights: The residually reducible case
Authors: Lee Wan , Park Chol
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a prime number and [Formula: see text] a positive even integer less than [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we find the strongly divisible modules corresponding to the Galois stable lattices in each 2-dimensional semi-stable non-crystalline representation of [Formula: see text] with Hodge–Tate weights [Formula: see text] whose mod-[Formula: see text] reductions are corresponding to nontrivial extensions of two distinct characters. We use these results to construct the irreducible components of the semi-stable deformation rings in Hodge–Tate weights [Formula: see text] of the non-split reducible residual representations of [Formula: see text].
Reductions of Galois representations and the theta operator
Authors: Ghate Eknath , Kumar Arvind
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a prime, and let [Formula: see text] be a cuspidal eigenform of weight at least [Formula: see text] and level coprime to [Formula: see text] of finite slope [Formula: see text]. Let [Formula: see text] denote the mod [Formula: see text] Galois representation associated with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] the mod [Formula: see text] cyclotomic character. Under an assumption on the weight of [Formula: see text], we prove that there exists a cuspidal eigenform [Formula: see text] of weight at least [Formula: see text] and level coprime to [Formula: see text] of slope [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] up to semisimplification. The proof uses Hida–Coleman families and the theta operator acting on overconvergent forms. The structure of the reductions of the local Galois representations associated to cusp forms with slopes in the interval [Formula: see text] were determined by Deligne, Buzzard and Gee and for slopes in [Formula: see text] by Bhattacharya, Ganguli, Ghate, Rai and Rozensztajn. We show that these reductions, in spite of their somewhat complicated behavior, are compatible with the displayed equation above. Moreover, the displayed equation above allows us to predict the shape of the reductions of a class of Galois representations attached to eigenforms of slope larger than [Formula: see text]. Finally, the methods of this paper allow us to obtain upper bounds on the radii of certain Coleman families.
On the λ-stability of p-class groups along cyclic p-towers of a number field
Authors: Gras Georges
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text] be a number field, [Formula: see text] a prime and [Formula: see text] a set of finite places of [Formula: see text]. We call [Formula: see text] a totally [Formula: see text]-ramified cyclic [Formula: see text]-tower if [Formula: see text] and if [Formula: see text] is totally ramified. Using analogues of Chevalley’s formula [G. Gras, Invariant generalized ideal classes—Structure theorems for p-class groups in p-extensions, Proc. Math. Sci. 127(1) (2017) 1–34], we give an elementary proof of a stability theorem (Theorem 3.1) for generalized [Formula: see text]-class groups [Formula: see text] of the layers [Formula: see text]: let [Formula: see text] given in Definition 1.1 ([Formula: see text] for ordinary class groups); then [Formula: see text] for all [Formula: see text], if and only if [Formula: see text]. This improves the case [Formula: see text] of [T. Fukuda, Remarks on [Formula: see text]-extensions of number fields, Proc. Japan Acad. Ser. A 70(8) (1994) 264–266; J. Li, Y. Ouyang, Y. Xu and S. Zhang, l-Class groups of fields in Kummer towers, Publ. Mat.  66(1) (2022) 235–267; Y. Mizusawa, K. Yamamoto, On [Formula: see text]-class groups of relative cyclic [Formula: see text]-extensions, Arch. Math.  117(3) (2021) 253–260] whose techniques are based on Iwasawa’s theory or Galois theory of pro-[Formula: see text]-groups. We deduce promising capitulation properties of [Formula: see text] in the tower giving Conjecture 4.1. Finally, we apply our principles to the torsion groups [Formula: see text] of abelian [Formula: see text]-ramification theory. Numerical examples are given with PARI programs.
Representations of large integers as the sum of fractional powers of primes and squares
Authors: Bongiovanni Alex
Published: May 2022

Conjecture H of Hardy and Littlewood says that every large integer is either a square or the sum of a prime and a square. Despite progress showing that this is true for almost all large integers, Conjecture H remains unproven. In this paper, Conjecture H is approximated using Piatetski–Shapiro sequences by showing that all large integers can be written in the form [Formula: see text] for any fixed [Formula: see text]. The existing results for the conjecture are also extended by showing that almost all large integers can be written in the form [Formula: see text] for any fixed [Formula: see text].
Variations on a theme of Mirsky
Authors: Akbal Yıldırım , Güloğlu Ahmet M.
Published: May 2022

Let [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] be non-zero integers with [Formula: see text]. An integer is called [Formula: see text]-free if it is not divisible by the [Formula: see text]th power of a prime. A result of Mirsky states that there are infinitely many primes [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] is [Formula: see text]-free. In this paper, we study an additive Goldbach-type problem and prove two uniform distribution results using these primes. We also study certain properties of primes [Formula: see text] such that [Formula: see text] are simultaneously [Formula: see text]-free, where [Formula: see text] are non-zero integers and [Formula: see text].
Galois groups arising from families with big orthogonal monodromy
Authors: Zywina David
Published: May 2022

We study the Galois groups of polynomials arising from a compatible family of representations with big orthogonal monodromy. We show that the Galois groups are usually as large as possible given the constraints imposed on them by a functional equation and discriminant considerations. As an application, we consider the Frobenius polynomials arising from the middle étale cohomology of hypersurfaces in [Formula: see text] of degree at least three. We also consider the [Formula: see text]-functions of quadratic twists of fixed degree of an elliptic curve over a function field [Formula: see text]. To determine the typical Galois group in the elliptic curve setting requires using some known cases of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture. This extends and generalizes work of Chavdarov, Katz and Jouve.