bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aplicação da Tutela Inibitória Coletiva nas Contratações Temporárias Irregulares da Administração Pública
Authors: Lima Lazarino Ana Flávia , Martins Barcelos Jean Carlos , Silva Santos Thiago
Published: March 2021

Este artigo aborda a atual controvérsia sobre a contratação temporária de excepcional interesse público visando ao desempenho de atividades ordinárias na administração pública e o uso da tutela inibitória coletiva como um instrumento jurídico capaz de resguardar a aplicação adequada desse de contratação no âmbito dos entes políticos, enfatizando o resguardo dos direitos fundamentais dos cidadãos. Tem por objetivo estudar os preceitos legais que regem as contratações temporárias pela administração pública, identificar quando da ocorrência e possibilidade destes contratos públicos e apresentar os instrumentos tutelares de proteção aos interesses coletivos pela inobservância dos ditames jurídicos nacionais aplicados ao caso. O trabalho tem como problemática a abordagem acerca de qual instrumento deve ser utilizado como inibidor de abusos pela administração pública, quando da contratação de servidores temporários.
Dano Moral e sua Inerência aos Direitos da Personalidade
Authors: De Moura Faleiros Júnior José Luiz
Published: March 2021

As dificuldades na compreensão da extensão e das características dos direitos da personalidade, que careciam de mecanismo viável de tutela jurídica, fizeram com que o Direito evoluísse ao alvedrio destes direitos. Nesse sentido, o desenvolvimento da doutrina dos danos morais representou o elo que faltava para unir a compreensão que se tinha de tais direitos a um mecanismo sancionatório, de tamanha importância na sistemática civil hodierna que logo fez surgir questionamento acerca da possibilidade de sua existência fora do âmbito dos direitos da personalidade. Neste trabalho, serão estudados o conceito de dano moral, sua origem histórica, seus fundamentos, seu modo de quantificação, bem como sua posição no ordenamento brasileiro para, ao final, contrapô-lo aos direitos da personalidade.
Ponderações Acerca da Ingerência do Poder Judiciário nas Políticas Públicas de Saúde
Authors: Ribeiro Silva Thales Henrique
Published: March 2021

Objetiva o presente estudo analisar as censuras direcionadas ao Poder Judiciário, pela doutrina e jurisprudência brasileiras, especificamente quanto aos seus limites e possibilidades no enfrentamento da judicialização do direito à saúde no País, relativamente às ações judiciais nas quais o Poder Executivo é obrigado a entregar medicamentos aos jurisdicionados. Serão perquiridas as críticas mais frequentes e relevantes para a prática forense, quais sejam, a desorganização da Administração Pública, a escassez de recursos financeiros e a discriminação negativa. Nesse sentido, nosso estudo pretende demonstrar e superar os erros e incoerências nas quais as referidas críticas podem incorrer, caso ancoradas irrefletidamente em teorias alienígenas, não adaptadas à realidade nacional, ou em falsas premissas sociais, políticas ou econômicas. Tudo com o fim de contribuir para o ajustamento da atuação do Poder Judiciário diante desse complexo e cada vez mais intenso fenômeno jurídico-social, que tem sua razão de ser na garantia do direito social e fundamental à saúde dos brasileiros, especialmente daqueles menos abastados.
Pobreza Absoluta como Violação dos Direitos Humanos
Authors: Barbosa Afonso Neto Adilson
Published: March 2021

O grave problema que assola uma boa parte da humanidade está assente na pobreza absoluta, que arrasta consigo várias outras dificuldades, aumentando, assim, a miséria e uma desigualdade social alarmante. Milhões de pessoas vivem hoje em situação de pobreza absoluta que tornou-se contínua em muitos países, convertendo-se, assim, em forte violação dos direitos humanos. Por isso, a falta de legislação, políticas ou teorias não justificaria a existência desse flagelo no mundo, pois diversas são as teorias, legislações, bem como políticas, para a erradicação da pobreza, mas estas continuam a ser violadas continuamente, tanto nacional como internacionalmente, arrastando consigo o alastramento da prática de corrupção nas eleições, como forma dos políticos se manterem no poder, violando, assim, os direitos dos cidadãos que necessitam de bens essenciais à uma vida condigna. Os direitos fundamentais, sociais e económicos dos seres humanos, defendidos na contemporaneidade, vão além do auxílio aos indivíduos pertencentes às comunidades menos favorecidas, isto é, requer uma participação activa dos mesmos, de modo a pertencerem à comunidade.
Desenvolvimento e Teorias Acerca da Lex Mercatoria
Authors: Barrozo Rebecca Paradellas
Published: March 2021

Dentre as inúmeras transformações ocorridas no campo do comércio internacional está o renascimento do estudo sobre a lex mercatoria, devido as demandas geradas para que houvesse uma consolidação do instituto. A lex mercatoria é o direito criado segundo os costumes do comércio internacional destinado a disciplinar as relações comerciais da forma como elas realmente funcionam. A discussão sobre a existência e identidade da lex mercatoria não está livre de questionamentos quanto sua viabilidade e coerência. Dessa maneira, muitas são as teorias e definições que buscam explicar seu alcance. O objetivo do presente artigo é explicar o conceito, extensão e teorias acerca da existência e viabilidade da lex mercatoria. O método usado para tal pesquisa foi revisão bibliográfica de textos tradicionais e atuais acerca do tema.
Atuação dos Notários nos Métodos Extrajudiciais de Solução de Conflitos da Arbitragem e da Mediação para Garantia da Dignidade da Pessoa Humana
Authors: Arouca Ana Carolina Bergamaschi
Published: March 2021

A globalização quebrou barreiras e deu origem a uma grande quantidade de relações interpessoais, em sua maioria, efêmeras. Hodiernamente, tudo acontece mais rapidamente no mundo, o que gera conflitos que precisam ser resolvidos de forma célere. Contudo, o modelo atual de resolução de conflitos e a estrutura do Poder Judiciário são insuficientes para atender o número crescente de disputas e, assim foi iniciado um processo de desjudicialização das demandas com a edição de inúmeras leis que criaram métodos alternativos de resolução de conflitos, inclusive de mediação e arbitragem, que apresentam bons resultados em países da Europa. No Brasil estes métodos alternativos enfrentam dificuldades, pois são pouco utilizados e carecem de credibilidade por parte da população. Seria de grande valia o aproveitamento da capilaridade dos serviços notariais, que estão presentes em quase todos os municípios brasileiros, e da estrutura, conhecimento jurídico, confiabilidade e fé pública de que são dotados os tabeliães de notas. Em que pese o preparo destes profissionais do Direito e a contribuição imensurável para a garantia da dignidade da pessoa humana por meio de resoluções rápidas de conflitos com um bom assessoramento das partes e segurança jurídica ainda não há uma legislação específica que os autorizem a atuar nesta seara e, tampouco, é consenso entre os estudiosos do Direito sua participação na mediação e arbitragem. Um novo paradigma deve ser quebrado para que os notários possam ser vistos como fortes colaboradores do Poder Judiciário e garantidores dos direitos fundamentais para a criação de uma sociedade livre, justa e solidária.
Políticas Públicas de Urbanismo, Cidadania e Dignidade da Pessoa Humana
Authors: Pereira Luiz Ismael , Leite Taylisi de Souza Corrêa
Published: March 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo compreender o papel das políticas públicas em relação às diretrizes do Estado Democrático de Direito no Brasil. O problema de pesquisa está relacionado em compreender as diretrizes que conduzem as reformulações do espaço urbano e seus interesses principais. A hipótese inicial propõe que tais processos de construção de políticas públicas, quando não devidamente planejadas com segundo os objetivos democráticas produzem ações que são opostas por conceito: não estão relacionadas à diminuição, mas sim ao aprofundamento do déficit democrático. A metodologia de pesquisa, de caráter histórico-dialético, tem como análise a revisão bibliográfica. A urbanização excludente tão característica da sociedade brasileira permanece incólume em muitos locais, mesmo naqueles que sofreram processos de urbanização através da execução de políticas públicas habitacionais. O que se observa são políticas públicas executadas ao sabor das forças político-eleitorais dominantes em cada governo, sem qualquer atenção às finalidades que devem nortear sua elaboração e execução. Como citaremos, o caso da Vila Autódromo e os Grandes Eventos na cidade do Rio de Janeiro são a quintessência de tal hipótese.
Der asynchrone Weg zur urbanen Mobilitätswende
Authors: Wentland Alexander , Jung Manuel
Published: March 2021

Reallabore in öffentlichen Räumen sollen langfristige Transformationsprozesse beflügeln. Meist sind solche Interventionen projektförmig organisiert. Projekte bringen jedoch ihre eigene Zeitlogik mit sich, die sich nicht mit der Zeitlogik der beteiligten Akteure, Stadtquartiere und Alltagswelten deckt. In diesem Beitrag rekonstruieren wir anhand von zwei Mobilitätsprojekten in München und Barcelona drei Dimensionen der Asynchronität und zeigen Spannungsfelder auf, die mit ihnen einhergehen: Erstens sorgten die Eingriffe schnell für Konflikte, während sich Mobilitätsroutinen hartnäckig hielten. Zweitens waren die Projekte an Förderzeiträume sowie Legislaturperioden gekoppelt. Akteure standen unter Druck, zu handeln und symbolische Erfolge zu erzielen, unabhängig von den Entwicklungen im Quartier. Drittens führte die Transfererwartung zu einer paradoxen Situation, in der lokale Besonderheiten und Beteiligungsversprechen mit der Entwicklung skalierbarer Lösungen vereinbart werden sollten.
Trade Integration in the Asia-Pacific Region: Decomposition of Effects
Authors:   Economic Research Institute FEB RAS, Izotov Dmitriy
Published: March 2021

The article uses international statistics to make a comparative assessment of the effects of integration within the Asia-Pacific region, the Western and Eastern macro-zones of the Asia-Pacific region, in terms of the contribution of the processes of globalization and regionalization in 1994–2018 due to trade agreements and their expansion. The resulting assessment of the effects of integration indicated a greater contribution of the globalization process to the growth of trade in the Asia-Pacific region (APR), especially for the countries of the Eastern macro-zone. It was found that in the Eastern macro-zone, the impact of trade agreements hindered the positive effects of integration. The author discovers fundamental differences between the effects occurring from expanding trade agreements. The process of globalization prevailed over regionalization only in the exporting countries of the Eastern macro-zone; the effects from regionalization were stronger for the importing countries compared to the exporters, which indicates the manifestation of the effect of trade diversion in the Eastern macro-zone. Obtained estimates indicate that from 1994 to 2018, the globalization process acted as a necessary condition for the expansion of trade in both the APR as a whole and in its Western macro-zone, while the process of regionalization played an important supporting role. In the Eastern macro-zone the positive effects of globalization compensated for the ambiguous effects of the regionalization, which, possibly, was the reason for the unsuccessful attempts to create trade mega-formats within this macro-zone. At the same time, the Eastern macro-zone countries that were expanding trade agreements (based at the economic framework) have achieved noticeable increase in trade interactions, especially exports. This is why it is assumed that the quality of the trade agreements, which affects the impact from their realization, is crucial as the assessment of the effects from proliferation of trade agreements demonstrate implicit discrimination of the countries that implement moderate policy of reducing trade barriers through trade agreements. Given the small size of domestic markets, the APR countries implementing such policy can only rely on the effects from globalization, which tend to diminish over time
Planting date effects on maize (Zea mays L.) growth and development in the rainforest of southwestern Nigeria
Authors: FAYOSE Chris Adegoke , FAKOREDE Morakinyo Abiodun Bamidele
Published: March 2021

This study was conducted to determine the optimum planting date for maize (Zea mays L.) to cope with the negative impacts of climate change in the marginal rainforest agro-ecology as typified at Ile-Ife, SW Nigeria. Five maize varieties were planted weekly, in 3-replicate randomized complete block design experiments at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm, throughout the 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons. The varieties were monitored for seedling and adult plant traits including grain yield with its components. Statistical analysis showed significant effect of planting dates (DOP) on all traits. The first few DOPs in March and April had the highest grain yield which reduced with delayed planting till June and increased again mid July/August before finally dropping off thereafter. The higher yield in the earlier dates each year, was due to early flowering and taller plants with higher ear placement. Planting after the first few rains in March/April was the optimum for the first cropping season, and late July to mid-August was best for the second cropping season in this agroclimatic zone. Planting beyond these periods results in poor grain yield and pre-disposes the crop to terminal drought, which could result in complete crop failure.
The role of exogenous silicon to mitigate Al2O3 nanoparticle-induced toxicity in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
Authors: HABIBI Ghader , SHAHINFAR Maryam
Published: March 2021

In this study, we used silicon (Si, in the form of K2SiO3, 2 mM) to alleviate the toxicity of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). Using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) analyses, we showed that the Al2O3 NPs were taken up by barley plants. Barley growth was negatively affected by the addition of 3 g l-1 nano-Al2O3, whereas the diminishing effect of NPs on barley growth was not obvious when 1 g l-1 nano-Al2O3 was applied, indicating that the nano-Al2O3 action is dependent on nano-Al2O3 dose. Si pretreatment ameliorated toxic effects of high nano-Al2O3 on root growth. Si pretreatment did not decrease nano-Al2O3 entry into roots but reduced nano-Al2O3 accumulation in the shoot. The restriction of the root-to-shoot translocation of nano-Al2O3 was one of the important mechanisms for Si to mitigate high nano-Al2O3 toxicity. The occurrence of oxidative stress was found under 3 g l1 nano-Al2O3 treatment, as evaluated by the accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA). Exogenous addition of Si could alleviate toxicity symptoms induced by Al2O3 nanoparticles by reducing lipid peroxidation via enhancing antioxidant activity of catalase as well as by limiting the root-to-shoot translocation of nano-Al2O3. These data provide the first direct evidence that the Si pretreatment ameliorates nano Al2O3 phytotoxicity in plants.
Discrimination of drought tolerance in a worldwide collection of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) genotypes based on selection indices
Authors: GOLKAR Pooran , HAMZEH Esmaeil , MIRMOHAMMADY MAIBODY Seyed Ali Mohammad
Published: March 2021

Improvement of elite safflower genotypes for drought-tolerance is hampered by a deficiency of effective selection criteria. The present study evaluated 100 genotypes of safflower in terms of their drought tolerance over a period of three years (2016–2018) under both non-stress and drought-stress conditions. The eight drought-tolerance indices of tolerance index (TOL), mean productivity (MP), geometric mean productivity (GMP), stress susceptibility index (SSI), stress tolerance index (STI), yield stability index (YSI), drought resistance index (DI), and harmonic mean (HARM) were calculated based on seed yield under drought (Ys) and non-drought (Yp) conditions. A high genetic variation was found in drought tolerance among the genotypes studied. The MP, GMP, and STI indices were able to discriminate between tolerant and drought-sensitive genotypes. Plots of the first and second principal components identified drought-tolerant genotypes averaged over the three study years. Cluster analysis divided the genotypes into three distinct groups using the drought tolerance indices. Ultimately, eight genotypes (namely, G3, G11, G13, G24, G33, G47, G58, and G61) from different origins were detected as more tolerant to drought stress suitable for use in safflower breeding programs in drought-affected areas. The most tolerant and susceptible genotypes could be exploited to produce mapping populations for drought tolerance breeding programs in safflower.
Comperative study of aboveground biomass and carbon storage between Tembawang and conventional rubber agroforestry in West Kalimantan Indonesia
Authors: RAFDINAL Rafdinal , PITOPANG Ramadanil , LINDA Riza , RAYNALDO Adityo , SUBRATA Eko
Published: March 2021

In the era of intensive oil palm and rubber plantations in Kalimantan, some local communities of Dayak's tribe in West Kalimantan preserved the traditional agroforestry system "Tembawang". In the last two decades, rubber has been planted traditionally by local communities since the expansion of rubber industries. This study aimed to compare tree above ground biomass (AGB) distribution and carbon storage in different DBH (diameter at breast height) classes between Tembawang and conventional rubber plantation in West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Vegetation transect analysis was carried out on two types of traditional agroforestry namely Tembawang and conventional rubber. AGB estimation was based on the existing allometric, carbon storage was estimated from the percentage of biomass. Total AGB of Tembawang was higher than conventional rubber plantation and significantly different (p < 0.01). The highest AGB accumulation both Tembawang and conventional rubber was found at above 50 cm diameter class. The aboveground carbon storage from Tembawang and conventional rubber plantation were 90.26 and 42.01 Mg C ha-1, respectively. The highest contribution to carbon storage was found at above 50 cm diameter class, estimated 62.58 % from Tembawang and 49.24 % from conventional rubber. AGB and carbon storage at traditional agroforestry in West Kalimantan were greater than varied different agroforestry system, also the estimated value was closed to tropical secondary forests. Tembawang agroforestry has good potential contribution to carbon storage and conservation of native fruit trees of Kalimantan.
Input enhancement improved L2 learners’ production of Chinese classifiers
Authors: Liu Hengshuang , Hao Hongyan
Published: March 2021

The current study aimed to investigate the effect of input enhancement on L2 Chinese classifier learning. Two parallel groups of preliminary-level international participants and one group of Chinese native participants were recruited, and the three groups were matched in Chinese writing experience and group size (n = 28). One group of international participants was randomly selected as the experimental group; they read a classifier-enhanced text for 10 min before performing a writing task. The other international group and the native group served as the L2-learner control group and the L1-learner control group, respectively. These two control groups performed the writing task without text reading. Results showed that likely due to the frequent use of 个/ge4/ and the extensive use of novel classifiers, a greater variety of classifiers were used by the experimental group at a greater frequency as compared with the two control groups. However, given the observation that the experimental group tended to avoid using complex classifier forms and similar classifiers, future CSL instruction is suggested to aim for quality acquisition through long-term application of input enhancement integrated with explicit explanation on a language-use basis. This study furthers our understanding of how input enhancement is applicable to the acquisition of a logographic second language.
汉语国际教育专业硕士语法教学能力评价: 基于对五位汉硕生趋向补语教学视频的剖析
Authors: 梦玲 王 , 方芳 胡 , 运同 刘
Published: March 2021

提要

为了准确描述汉语国际教育硕士生语法教学能力的发展, 本文以同济大学汉语国际教育专业五位研究生为研究对象, 录制他们教授简单趋向补语的教学视频进行剖析。研究发现, 在导入环节, 导入情境基本合理, 但导入内容过多。在讲解环节, 句法格式基本准确, 但语义讲解不充分, 语用、语境讲解不够全面。在语法点操练环节, 缺少交际性练习, 层次性不足。研究基于硕士生的真实教学活动, 为汉语国际教育硕士教学能力的培养提供有价值的信息。
Studies on population balance equation involving aggregation and growth terms via symmetries
Authors: Pinar Zehra
Published: March 2021

The population balance equation (PBE) is one of the most popular integro-differential equations modeled for several industrial processes. The solution to this equation is usually solved using a numerical approach as the analytical solutions of such equations are not obtained easily. Typically, the available analytical solutions are limited and are based on momentous Laplace transform. In this study, the reduced equations of the PBE are obtained via the group analysis method. Two particulate cases involving aggregation, growth and nucleation are selected, the determining equations are solved and the reduced equations are solved via approximate methods. The approximate method involves the target solution of the nonlinear evolution equation, here the PBE, to be expressed as a polynomial in an elementary function which satisfies a particular ordinary differential equation termed as an auxiliary equation.
Effect of dry cupping versus soft and prolonged massage in the management of knee osteoarthritis – a randomized controlled clinical trial
Authors: Islam Mearaj ul , Nayab Mohd , Ansari Abdul Nasir
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Osteoarthritis is one of the most common musculoskeletal diseases which leads to functional decline and loss of quality of life. Knee osteoarthritis is considered as highly burdensome disease as well as highest contributor to global disability. Ḥijāmah (Cupping Therapy) and Dalk (Massage) are claimed effective in the treatment of Wajaʹul Mafāṣil (osteoarthritis). Present study was framed to compare the efficacy of Ḥijāmah bilā Sharṭ (Dry Cupping) and Dalk-i-Layyin Kathīr (soft and prolonged massage) with Roghan-i-Bābūna (chamomile oil) in the management of Wajaʹ ur Rukbah (knee osteoarthritis).

Methods

In present randomised controlled clinical trial, a total of 48 diagnosed patients of knee osteoarthritis were allocated randomly into group A (n=24) and group B (n=24). Group A was treated with soft and prolonged massage with Roghan-i-Bābūna while group B was managed with dry cupping on alternate day for 15 min. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Knee osteoarthritis outcome score (KOOS) were used for the assessment of efficacy. A total of 40 patients, group A (n=20) and group B (n=20), were completed the allocated duration of protocol therapy and were restricted to statistical analysis.

Results

Statistically highly significant improvement was observed in objective parameters using both paired and unpaired t-tests. VAS and all KOOS subscales were found to be strongly significant at 20th day when compared with baseline (p<0.001). In intergroup comparison significant change (p>0.05) was not observed. Safety parameters were in their normal range after treatment.

Conclusions

Dalk-i-Layyin Kathīr with Roghan-i-Bābūna and Ḥijāmah bilā Sharṭ both were found safe and effective in the management of Wajaʹur Rukbah. Hence, it may be concluded that both regimenal therapies are safe, effective and almost equal in their efficacy in the management of Knee Osteoarthritis.
Effects of Material Constructions on Supersonic Flutter Characteristics for Composite Rectangular Plates Reinforced with Carbon Nano-structures
Authors: Muc Aleksander , Muc-Wierzgoń Małgorzata
Published: March 2021

In this paper effects of material constructions on natural frequencies and critical aerodynamic pressures are investigated. It is assumed that the rectangular plate is made of a polymeric matrix reinforced with graphene nanoplatelets or carbon nanotubes. A general closed analytical method of solution is presented. It is demonstrated that three parameters define entirely the location of the critical flutter pressure. The influence of material properties and transverse shear effects is characterized by a set of multipliers. They can be easily adopted in design procedures.
Early Neolithic salt production at Street House, Loftus, north-east England
Authors: Sherlock Stephen J.
Published: March 2021

Evidence for prehistoric salt production in Britain has been confined to the Bronze and Iron Ages. This article presents new evidence for Early Neolithic (3800–3700 BC) salt-working at Street House, Loftus, in north-east England. This deeply stratified coastal site has yielded the remains of a brine-storage pit and a saltern with at least three associated hearths, together with an assemblage of flint and stone tools, ceramic vessel sherds and briquetage. A process of production is suggested and parallels are drawn from contemporaneous European and later British sites. This discovery has the potential to influence future Neolithic studies considering subsistence, early technologies and exchange mechanisms.
Reliability of Different Test Setups and Influence of Mortar Mixture on the Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix-to-Brick Bond Response
Authors: Alecci Valerio , Barducci Sara , Stefano Mario De , Galassi Stefano , Luciano Raimondo , Rovero Luisa , Stipo Gianfranco
Published: March 2021

The results of four different bond tests, conducted on specimens made of bricks and fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) composite strips, are presented in this article. The composites consisted of a basalt textile embedded in four types of inorganic matrices: a commercial product made of lime mortar and three different mortars properly prepared in the laboratory. Bond tests were carried out to highlight variations in the bond behavior of the four composites. The experimental campaign, for all the tested composites, confirmed that the debonding mechanism occurs at the textile-matrix interface with large differences, in terms of load carrying capacity, between the four typologies of FRCM composite. In particular, composites made up of a commercial matrix were demonstrated to be the best ones to fully exploit the tensile strength, whereas composites made up of cement-lime mortar showed the worst bond behavior. Furthermore, the results of the four bond tests conducted on the same type of composite were compared to evaluate the reliability of the different types of bond tests. Among the apparatus used to conduct the four bond tests, the single shear test was demonstrated to be the most effective for determining the actual bond performances of FRCM composites.
Synthesis and Mechanical Behavior of Ball-Milled Agro-Waste RHA and Eggshell Reinforced Composite Material
Authors: Yadav Rajat , Dwivedi Shashi Prakash , Dwivedi V. K.
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, there are various industrial wastes from industries that produce lots of environmental pollution. Rice husk ash (RHA) is agricultural waste and eggshell waste is industrial waste. These wastes also produce lots of soil pollution. However, by utilizing these wastes, some environmental problems can be reduced. In the present investigation, an attempt was made to utilize RHA and eggshells as reinforcement material in the development of aluminum-based composite material. Carbonized eggshell ash (CESA) particles and RHA were ball-milled for 75 hours to obtain a single entity. The mixture of CESA and RHA particles has been varied from 2.5 % to 12.5 % in the development of the composite. Ball-milled reinforcement particles in the single entity showed uniform distribution in the aluminum-based matrix material. Results showed that after the heat treatment process, the tensile strength and hardness of the aluminum/5 % CESA/5 % RHA composite was found to be 189.95 MPa and 56 brinell hardness number (kgf/mm2) respectively. The tensile strength and hardness of the composite after heat treatment were enhanced by 31 % and 60 %, respectively. However, the toughness and ductility were reduced after adding the mixture of carbonized eggshell particles and alumina in the aluminum alloy. Corrosion loss and thermal expansion behavior were also observed to identify the carbonized eggshell and RHA addition in the aluminum alloy. Corrosion loss and thermal expansion of the AA3105/5 % eggshell powder/5 % RHA composite after heat treatment were found to be 0.011 gm and 4.35 mm3, respectively.
Data Access for the Social Sciences in Austria. Open Data, Closed Data, Research Infrastructures and Re-Use
Authors: Reiter-Pázmándy Matthias
Published: March 2021

Open science and open access to research data are important aspects of research policy in Austria. In the last years, the social sciences have seen the building of research infrastructures that generate data and archives that store data. Data standards have been established, several working groups exist and a number of activities aim to further develop various aspects of open science, open data and access to data. However, some barriers and challenges still exist in the practice of sharing research data. One aspect that should be emphasised and incentivised is the re-use of research data.
Filmmaking-in-Place
Authors: Holtmeier Matthew , Wessels Chelsea
Published: March 2021

In Meek’s Cutoff (2010) and Eden (2012), filmmakers Kelly Reichardt and Megan Griffiths (respectively) negotiate the interconnection between women, nature, and patriarchal capitalism through their emphasis on place, or one’s separation from it. Ecofeminist aesthetics resonate with regional production when directors emphasize relationships with environments and people over typical neoliberal concerns of production such as cost and infrastructure. A particular political aesthetics emerges when the approach emphasizes building community and the politics of place, rather than the bottom line. Reichardt’s Meek’s Cutoff shifts from the panoramic landscape shots of the classical Western to allow gendered engagement. This framing redirects the viewer away from the supposedly “male” action and instead focuses on the constant work of the women, which is the real action of survival. In Eden, Griffiths similarly frames human trafficking victim Hyun Jae in closed spaces where she is forced into sex work. Such cinematography is drastically juxtaposed with the open framing that signals potential emancipation. In each film, feminist politics intertwine with aesthetics of space to resist patriarchal capitalism co-opting women’s labor, an approach relevant to both environmentalism and feminism.
Distribution, water quality, and health risk assessment of trace elements in three streams during the wet season, Guiyang, Southwest China
Authors: Zhang Jue , Wu Qixin , Wang Zhuhong , Gao Shilin , Jia Huipeng , Shen Yuanyi
Published: March 2021

Trace element pollution derived from human activities in aquatic systems has raised widespread concerns due to its toxicity, persistence, and bioaccumulation. In this article, we presented a systematic investigation of the anthropogenic overprints on trace elements geochemistry in three streams of the human-impacted (agriculture, urban area, and abandoned mining), located at Lake Aha, Guiyang, Southwest China. Concentrations reported in the study demonstrated that the abandoned mining stream showed the highest trace elements (608.16 μg/L), followed by the urban stream (566.11 μg/L) and agricultural stream (457.51 μg/L). Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), used to display sampling dates and trace elements, showed discernible temporal variation in trace element concentrations. Trace element concentrations in months (May, September, and October) with less rainfall were higher than in June, July, and August indicated by NMDS. Principal component analysis (PCA) had shown that As, Ba, Mo, and Zn were mainly impacted by the urbanized streams, and Fe and Sr influenced by the mine. Risk assessment of human beings to trace elements demonstrated that As may pose a detrimental health risk. The research found that trace elements were potential tracers for the presence of human activities and environmental changes.
Laser-assisted thermal imprinting of glass guided mode resonant (GMR) optical filter
Authors: May Shian Helen Lee , Syed Kamarudin Syarifah Nur Hasanah , Ishak Ismayuzri , Jamaludin Ahmad Shahir , Abdul Manaf Ahmad Rosli , Mohd Zawawi Mohd Zairulnizam
Published: March 2021

Laser-assisted thermal imprinting of glass nanostructures is demonstrated. Compare to the existing thermal imprinting, this method significantly reduced the contact imprinting time. The quality of the replicated glass nanostructures revealed by field emission scanning electron microscope ( SEM) and atomic force microscope ( AFM)  exhibited a very smooth surface finish that closely matched the profile of the silicon mold. As proof-of-concept, the utility of laser-assisted, imprinted glass nanostructures as guided-mode resonant (GMR ) optical filter was evaluated. The peak spectral values obtained were satisfactory; which yielded an average FWHM and PWV of 4.6 nm and 691.39 nm respectively.
Toward Complexity Measures for Systems Involving Human Computation
Authors: Crouser R. Jordan , Hescott Benjamin , Chang Remco
Published: March 2021

This paper introduces the Human Oracle Model as a method for characterizing and quantifying the use of human processing power as part of an algorithmic process. The utility of this model is demonstrated through a comparative algorithmic analysis of several well-known human computation systems, as well as the definition of a preliminary characterization of the space of human computation under this model. Through this research, we hope to gain insight about the challenges unique to human computation and direct the search for efficient human computation algorithms.
Learning to Count
Authors: Bateson Mary Catherine
Published: March 2021

Editor’s note: this is a reworking of Mary Catherine Bateson’s original piece on "Making a Difference”, which was the foreword to the Springer Handbook of Human Computation (2013).
Is Dutch Auction Suitable for Decomposable Tasks in Competitive Crowdsourcing Markets?
Authors: Mridha Sankar Kumar , Bhattacharyya Malay
Published: March 2021

Competitive crowdsourcing is a popular strategic model for solving tasks in an efficient economical way. Competitive crowdsourcing platforms generally choose the winners for a single indivisible task following the conventional Dutch auction to minimize the cost. In this paper, we show that when the tasks are decomposable such mechanisms become biased for competitive crowdsourcing markets. As a solution to this, we suggest a variant of the Dutch auction (referred to as time-invariant Dutch auction) for solving decomposable tasks. Overall, some new insights about the mechanism design for competitive crowdsourcing markets are obtained.
Read-Agree-Predict: A Crowdsourced Approach to Discovering Relevant Primary Sources for Historians
Authors: Wang Nai-Ching , Hicks David , Quigley Paul , Luther Kurt
Published: March 2021

Historians spend significant time evaluating the relevance of primary sources that they encounter in digitized archives and through web searches. One reason this task is time-consuming is that historians’ research interests are often highly abstract and specialized. These topics are unlikely to be manually indexed and are difficult to identify with automated text analysis techniques. In this article, we investigate the potential of a new crowdsourcing model in which the historian delegates to a novice crowd the task of evaluating the relevance of primary sources with respect to her unique research interests. The model employs a novel crowd workflow, Read-AgreePredict (RAP), that allows novice crowd workers to perform as well as expert historians. As a useful byproduct, RAP also reveals and prioritizes crowd confusions as targeted learning opportunities. We demonstrate the value of our model with two experiments with paid crowd workers (n=170), with the future goal of extending our work to classroom students and public history interventions. We also discuss broader implications for historical research and education.
A brief overview and some comments on the weak measurement protocol
Authors: PN Kaloyerou
Published: March 2021

The main purpose of this short article is to give a brief overview of the development of the very interesting weak measurement protocol. I add some comments relating to the reality of weak values, and also comment on the allowed values of observables between measurements.
Submission of a Civil Suit by a Prosecutor in the Interests of a State as a Way of Compensation for Damage, Caused by a Criminal Offence
Authors: Brusakova Oksana Valeriivna , Shayturo Olga Pavlivna , Simonovych Davyd , Kuzubova Tetiana
Published: March 2021

The outcome of every trial is always accompany by some interest where the civil attains compensation and the criminal imprisonment and fines. In achieving the said interest in a trial process, it is the role of the prosecutor in establishing that the accused is guilty of the crime committed. This article articulates, that it is the role of prosecutor to carry out justice in the name of the State whether during criminal or civil trial. The principle is clear here as we all know that during criminal proceedings the prosecutor is the principal party, but such trial cannot succeed if in the course of the criminal act the victim also incurred damages caused by the accused. In this regard, it is also the role of the prosecuting counsel to make a submission for such civil act that has caused damages to the victim. There are lots of complexities surrounding the understanding and interpretation of the word "interest of the state" as many states fails in establishing this is their various legislation in which the state of Ukraine is not an exception. Notwithstanding the important of this concept in every trial whether civil or criminal, what becomes of its outcome when effective recognition is not attached to it in terms of legislative recognition? It is there in this safeguard that there was a necessity in examining the place occupied by the submission of civil suits for the interest of the state and its implications in matters related to damages was deemed necessary.
Ahasverus Rottenberger metszete Buda 1598. évi ostromáról
Authors: Szalai Béla
Published: March 2021

Very few representations appeared of the capital of the Hungarian Kingdom, Buda seized by the Ottomans in 1541, over the 16th century. Until the unsuccessful attempt to recapture Buda in 1598 only eight engravings are known. The siege of Buda as a significant event kindled interest and reports appeared all over Europe, but only eight pictorial reports – or engravings – were printed. The article briefly describes all depictions printed until 1598 and those of the siege. The latter were unfortunately re-moulding of earlier depictions and conveyed more or less fictitious vedutas, with one exception. The exception is the print based on imperial master builder Ahasverus Rottenberger’s on-the-spot survey drawings the whereabouts of which was unknown for nearly a hundred years. The writing discusses the search for the artistically mediocre engraving of Rottenberger, before evaluating it from diverse viewpoints, e.g. of local history. Importantly, this is the first print to correctly represent the topographic features of Buda, thanks to the careful observation.
Development of new Fe–Al–Nb(–B) alloys for structural applications at high temperatures
Authors: Gedsun Angelika , Stein Frank , Palm Martin
Published: March 2021

It is known for Fe–Al–Ta alloys, that a homogeneous distribution of strengthening Laves phase precipitates in the matrix and aligned at the grain boundaries can be obtained when the formation of the stable Laves phase is preceded by the formation of the metastable Heusler phase. Several Fe–Al–Nb alloys with different Al and Nb contents and with or without boron doping are studied to elucidate whether comparable microstructures can be obtained in this system. It was found that the Heusler phase only occurs within a limited composition range. The time-dependent evolution of the microstructure shows that the transformation proceeds faster in Fe–Al–Nb alloys. Microhardness was measured in dependence on the microstructural evolution with increasing annealing time, and compressive yield stress was determined for alloys annealed 700 °C/1000 h to evaluate the influence of microstructure and composition.

Graphic Abstract
Una pastoral universal de santidad. Del Vaticano II a «Gaudete et exsultate»
Authors: Espa-Feced Fulgencio
Published: March 2021

El Concilio Vaticano II en su constitución dogmática Lumen Gentium postuló una renovación del concepto de santidad que ha encontrado su eco, al menos, en dos reflexiones complementarias. Por un lado, el carácter universal de la santidad como vocación vinculada al bautismo. Por otro, la íntima relación de los santos con la vida de la Iglesia. Ambas reflexiones tienen una honda impronta teológica y han sido desarrolladas en contextos diversos por el magisterio posterior. Retomando estas consideraciones, el Papa Francisco ofrece una visión pastoral tanto de la cuestión de la santidad como de los santos, iluminando de un modo específico el magisterio precedente.
Prevalence of dementia in long-term care institutions: a meta-analysis
Authors: Fagundes Daniel Ferreira , Costa Marcos Túlio , Alves Bárbara Bispo da Silva , Benício Maria Madalena Soares , Vieira Lanna Pinheiro , Carneiro Lara S. F. , Nascimento Osvaldo José Moreira , Monteiro Junior Renato Sobral
Published: March 2021

ABSTRACT Objective: This study comprises a systematic review and meta-analysis that aimed to estimate the prevalence of dementia in long-term care institutions (LTCIs). Methods: We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Original transversal and longitudinal articles published until July 2020 were eligible in this review. Databases PubMed/MedLine, Web of Science, Scopus and ScienceDirect were searched. Overall prevalence and confidence intervals were estimated. Heterogeneity was calculated according to the index of heterogeneity (I2). Results: One hundred seventy-five studies were found in all databases and 19 studies were meta-analyses, resulting in an overall prevalence of 53% (CI 46-59%; p < 0.01) of demented older adults living in LTCIs. Conclusion: Prevalence of dementia is higher in older adults living in LTCIs than those living in general communities. This data shows a worrying reality that needs to be changed. There is a need for a better understanding of the elements that cause this increase in dementia in LTCFs to direct actions to improve the quality of life and health of institutionalized elderly.
Preditores da síndrome de Burnout em técnicos de enfermagem de unidade de terapia intensiva durante a pandemia da COVID-19
Authors: Freitas Ronilson Ferreira , Barros Ione Medeiros de , Miranda Marco Antônio Freitas , Freitas Tahiana Ferreira , Rocha Josiane Santos Brant , Lessa Angelina do Carmo
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência e a existência de fatores preditores da síndrome de Burnout em técnicos de enfermagem que atuam em unidade de terapia intensiva (UTI) durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de caráter transversal e abordagem quantitativa com 94 técnicos de enfermagem de terapia intensiva. Os instrumentos utilizados foram: um formulário de coleta de dados sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e comportamentais e o Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) em sua versão Human Services Survey (HSS). A associação entre as variáveis estudadas e a prevalência da síndrome de Burnout foi verificada por análise bivariada seguida de regressão de Poisson hierarquizada, com variância robusta. Resultados: Observou-se uma prevalência da síndrome em 25,5% da amostra analisada. As variáveis que, após análise múltipla, se mostraram como preditores associados a maior prevalência de síndrome de Burnout foram: idade > 36 anos, realizar hora extra, considerar a carga horária de trabalho rígida e ser etilista. Conclusão: Conclui-se que a prevalência da síndrome de Burnout em técnicos de enfermagem que atuam em UTIs e que estão na linha de frente na pandemia da COVID-19 foi alta e fatores sociodemográficos, ocupacionais e comportamentais se mostraram como preditores da síndrome.
Saúde mental dos estudantes de Medicina do Brasil durante a pandemia da coronavirus disease 2019
Authors: Teixeira Larissa de Araújo Correia , Costa Ricardo Alves , Mattos Roberta Machado Pimentel Rebello de , Pimentel Déborah
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo desta pesquisa é verificar a prevalência de sintomas de sofrimento psíquico em estudantes do curso de Medicina durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal e exploratório que avaliou 656 estudantes do curso de Medicina do Brasil. Os dados foram coletados, em maio e junho de 2020, por meio de dois instrumentos autoaplicáveis. O primeiro foi um questionário elaborado pelos próprios autores para avaliar o perfil social, demográfico e cultural da população. Para o rastreamento de indícios de sofrimento psíquico, utilizou-se o Self-Report Questionnaire, um questionário com 20 itens divididos em quatro domínios. Durante a análise de dados, as associações entre variáveis categóricas foram testadas por meio do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson. O nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: A prevalência de indivíduos com indícios de sofrimento psíquico foi de 62,8%. São fatores de risco para o adoecimento mental durante a pandemia da COVID-19: ser do sexo feminino, estar nos dois primeiros anos do curso, relatar má adaptação ao ensino a distância, apresentar dificuldade de concentração, preocupar-se com o atraso da graduação, ter um diagnóstico prévio de transtorno mental, morar com alguém que precisa trabalhar fora de casa, ser incapaz de manter hábitos saudáveis e ter medo de ser infectado pelo vírus. Conclusão: Este estudo demonstrou que os indícios de sofrimento psíquico estão elevados entre estudantes de Medicina durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Além disso, também foi possível concluir que há fatores protetores para o adoecimento mental.
Living in psychosocial rehabilitation: analysis between Two Residential Therapeutic Services
Authors: Acebal Júlia Souza , Barbosa Guilherme Correa , Domingos Thiago da Silva , Bocchi Silvia Cristina Mangini , Paiva Aline Tieme Uemura
Published: March 2021

RESUMO Buscou-se analisar a interlocução das condições e das necessidades de moradia dos usuários em sofrimento psíquico grave dos Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos em relação à inserção social e à autonomia. Pesquisa transversal realizada com 74 moradores dos Serviços Residenciais Terapêuticos de um município do interior do estado de São Paulo. Foi aplicado Instrumento para Estudos das Condições de Moradias de Portadores de Transtorno Mental Grave. O tratamento dos dados ocorreu por meio do programa Statistical Package Social Sciences, utilizando medidas descritivas e análise estatística com o teste qui-quadrado, considerando Intervalo de Confiança de 95% e p-valor<0,05. Entre os participantes, predominaram: sexo feminino, cor branca, não alfabetizado, sem parceiros e sem vínculo empregatício, morando mais que dois anos no serviço residencial e, em média, há 38 anos em tratamento psiquiátrico. Identificaram-se diferenças entre os serviços residenciais em relação à inserção social e à autonomia dos usuários e se discute a influência da localização geográfica desses serviços. A centralidade das residências terapêuticas à rede de saúde implica a promoção de inserção, autonomia e satisfação dos usuários em sofrimento psíquico grave. Assim, a fragilidade do habitar compromete a efetivação da reabilitação psicossocial compreendida no tripé: trabalho, rede social e moradia.