bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carving Metal–Organic–Framework Glass Based Solid–State Electrolyte Via a Top–Down Strategy for Lithium–Metal Battery
Authors: Xiang Yang , Yu Ning , Li Jianbo , Xu Huixiang , Chen Shuang , Xia Yufan , Luo Zhen , Li Xu , Liu Zhu , Xu Maowen , Jiang Yinzhu , Zhang Xuan
Published: January 2025

Traditional polymer solid electrolytes (PSEs) suffer from low ions conductivity, poor kinetics and safety concerns. Here, we present a novel porous MOF glass gelled polymer electrolyte (PMG‐GPE) prepared via a top‐down strategy, which features a unique three‐dimensional interconnected graded‐aperture structure for efficient ions transport. Comprehensive analyses, including time‐of‐flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF‐SIMS), Solid‐state 7Li magic‐angle‐spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (MAS NMR), Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations, and electrochemical tests, quantify the pore structures, revealing their relationship with ions conductivity that increases and then decreases as macropore proportion rises. The introduced dispersed macropores (17 % fraction) can serve as bridges, connecting adjacent transport units to accelerate ions transport. Taking advantage of the cross‐linked ion‐conductive paths constructed by hierarchical pore structures, the PMG‐GPE achieves a high ions conductivity of 1.9 mS cm−1. Additionally, the robust mechanical properties of PMG‐GPE effectively suppress dendrite growth and penetration, outperforming crystal MOF‐based electrolytes. The prepared Li symmetric batteries with PMG‐GPE demonstrate a high critical current density of 5.1 mA cm−2 (two times higher than crystal MOF‐electrolytes) and stable cycling for over 6000 hours without short circuits. Furthermore, a Li/PMG‐GPE/LFP half‐cell exhibits exceptional capacity retention of 83.12 % after 1400 cycles. These findings highlight the potential of structural design in advancing PSE performance, offering a promising pathway for the commercialization of high‐performance solid‐state batteries.
Spontaneous Hydrogen Production Coupled with Glucose Valorization through Modulating Au‐Pt Coordination on Ultrathin Au3Pt Twin Nanowires
Authors: Shi Hao , Wang Tanyuan , Lin Zijie , Liu Shuxia , Liu Xuan , Zhou Ruixin , Cai Zhao , Huang Yunhui , Li Qing
Published: January 2025

Organics electrooxidation coupled hydrogen production has attracted increasing attention due to the low operation voltage. Nevertheless, the spontaneous production of hydrogen coupled with organics valorization remains challenging. Herein, we develop ultrathin Au/Pt twin nanowire (NW) catalysts for both electrochemical glucose oxidation and hydrogen evolution reaction towards a spontaneous hydrogen production system. The more Pt−Au coordination and the localized tensile strain generated on twin boundaries of Au3Pt NWs facilitate the selective glucose electro‐oxidation to gluconic acid (GNA) compared to Pt NWs (a low onset potential of 0.07 VRHE and selectivity >90 %). In situ spectroscopy and theoretical calculations reveal that Au3Pt NWs could reduce the energy barriers for GNA generation and alleviate the poisoning of Pt sites via a ′Pt‐to‐Au site transfer′ mechanism, which facilitates the desorption of strongly absorbed gluconolactone. Therefore, the asymmetric cell equipped with Au3Pt NWs catalysts realizes the spontaneous hydrogen production and glucose valorization with a peak power of 50 mW, which outputs the voltage of 0.24 V at 50 mA cm−2, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art electrolyzers for hydrogen production. The production of 1 kg H2 of the device is accompanied with $64.2 valorization of the anode product ($1200 ton−1 for GNA), and 5.36 kW h of generated electricity.
The sensitivity of reconstructed carbon dioxide concentrations to stomatal preparation methods using a leaf gas exchange model
Authors: Machesky Michael D. , Sheldon Nathan D. , Hren Michael T. , Smith Selena Y.
Published: January 2025

Premise

Mechanistic models using stomatal traits and leaf carbon isotope ratios to reconstruct atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations (ca) are important to understand the Phanerozoic paleoclimate. However, methods for preparing leaf cuticles to measure stomatal traits have not been standardized.

Methods

Three people measured the stomatal density and index, guard cell length, guard cell pair width, and pore length of leaves from the same Ginkgo biloba, Quercus alba, and Zingiber mioga leaves growing at known CO2 levels using four preparation methods: fluorescence on cleared leaves, nail polish, dental putty on fresh leaves, and dental putty on dried leaves.

Results

There are significant differences between trait measurements from each method. Modeled ca calculations are less sensitive to method than individual traits; however, the choice of assumed carbon isotope fractionation also impacted the accuracy of the results.

Discussion

We show that there is not a significant difference between ca estimates made using any of the four methods. Further study is needed on the fractionation due to carboxylation of ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) in individual plant species before use as a paleo‐CO2 barometer and to refine estimates based upon widely applied taxa (e.g., Ginkgo). Finally, we recommend that morphological measurements be made by multiple observers to reduce the effect of individual observational biases.
Pyrimidine scaffold dual‐target kinase inhibitors for cancer diseases: A review on design strategies, synthetic approaches, and structure–activity relationship (2018‒2023)
Authors: Song Moeun , Elkamhawy Ahmed , Noh Woojeong , Abdelazem Ahmed Z. , Park Younggeun , Sivaraman Aneesh , Bertleuova Arailym , Atef Dalia , Lee Kyeong
Published: January 2025

Cancer, the second leading cause of death globally, causes a significant threat to life. Despite advancements in the treatment of cancer, persistent challenges include severe side effects and the emergence of acquired drug resistance. Additionally, many traditional chemotherapy drugs show restricted efficacy and high toxicity, primarily attributed to their lack of selectivity. Thus, the development of drugs targeting protein kinases has emerged as a noteworthy priority for addressing human cancers. Medicinal chemists have shown considerable interest in the development of dual drug candidates as a strategy to create medicines that are safer, more efficient, and cost‐effective. Furthermore, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several dual‐target drugs for anticancer treatment, emphasizing their lower risks of drug interactions and improved pharmacokinetics and safety profiles. This review focuses on the synthetic efforts, design strategies, and structure–activity relationship of the pyrimidine scaffold‐based dual kinase inhibitors developed with anticancer potential within the recent 6 years (2018‒2023). Collectively, these strategies are expected to offer fresh perspectives on the future directions of pyrimidine‐based dual‐target kinase drug design, potentially advancing cancer therapeutics.
The Gut Microbiome in Hyperuricemia and Gout
Authors: Terkeltaub Robert , Dodd Dylan
Published: January 2025

Humans develop hyperuricemia via decreased urate elimination and excess urate production, consequently promoting monosodium urate crystal deposition and incident gout. Normally, approximately two‐thirds of urate elimination is renal. However, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and other causes of decreased renal urate elimination drive hyperuricemia in most with gout. This places more demand on elimination of urate via the gut, where diet, purine metabolism, and microbiota intersect. Heritable impairment of urate transport into the gut is common and promotes hyperuricemia, renal urate overload, and early‐onset and palpable tophaceous gout phenotypes. Lactobacilli, by sequestering and modifying ambient purines, are being studied for the potential to suppress diet‐induced urate generation and associated gout flares. Landmark preclinical studies recently revealed much higher‐capacity urate‐lowering effects of diverse, obligate, and facultative anaerobic human and mouse gut microbiota (predominantly of the Bacillota phylum) termed purine‐degrading bacteria (PDB). A conserved gene cluster in PDB drives urate conversion to lactate or anti‐inflammatory short‐chain fatty acids. When mice are rendered deficient in hepatic uricase to mimic human uricase absence, microbiota depletion rapidly elevates both cecal and serum urate, which is reversible by PDB administration. In healthy human volunteers with normal renal function, antibiotic‐induced gut microbiota depletion decreases the urate‐lowering gene cluster unique to PDB and elevates fecal urate. Also, prior exposure to antibiotics with anaerobic coverage has been linked to heightened incident gout risk. Notably, intestinal dysbiosis that includes Bacillota depletion has been observed in gout cohorts. Therefore, the capacity of diverse gut bacterial strains to biochemically compensate for human limits in urate disposition suggests novel probiotic treatment approaches for gout with inadequate pharmacologic control of both flares and hyperuricemia. This is particularly so for severe CKD, which limits the options and maximal doses for use of conventional oral urate‐lowering drugs.

image
Phenolic Resin‐type Microporous Organic Polymers for High‐Performance Carbon Dioxide Adsorption
Authors: Yang Liting , Cai Peiyu , Jin Xuance , Wang Zhengjie , Zhou Hong‐Cai , Huang Ning
Published: January 2025

Three new types of Si‐centered porous organic polymer (Si‐POPs) were successfully prepared using phenolic resin‐type chemistry to form C−C bonds. This new family of microporous Si‐POPs manifests as uniform, microporous, spherical particles with a high specific surface area. Notably, Si‐POPs were engineered to possess varying numbers of hydroxyl (−OH) groups by altering the monomer in the synthetic process. Among these materials, the variant with the highest number of hydroxyl groups exhibited ultra‐high CO2 adsorption capacity, reaching up to 4.3 mmol g−1 at 273 K and 1.0 bar, which surpasses the performance of most porous polymers. Furthermore, Si‐POPs also demonstrated remarkable selectivity adsorption for carbon dioxide over nitrogen (17–50, IAST at 273 K and 1.0 bar). This study not only highlighted the superior CO2 adsorption properties of Si‐POPs but also explored their potential application in selective gas adsorption.
Transition Metal Complexes Containing Selenium Ligands for Catalytic Reduction, Oxidation, and Hydrofunctionalization Reactions
Authors: Maurya Atul Kumar , Ansari Mohd Farhan , Elangovan Saravanakumar
Published: January 2025

Transition metal‐mediated catalytic reduction, oxidation, and hydrofunctionalization reactions are important organic reactions and are considered highly atom‐economical. Owing to their unique properties, selenium ligated numerous transition metals‐based complexes have been reported for diverse catalytic applications. This review presents the synthesis of various selenium‐supported transition metal complexes and their catalytic applications in reduction, oxidation, and hydrofunctionalization reactions. Furthermore, we compare the catalytic activity of various organoselenium ligand‐containing transition metal complexes and the replacement of selenium with other chalcogen elements.
Gross Motor Development in Children With Autism: Longitudinal Trajectories From the Growing Up in New Zealand Study
Authors: Araya Paula , Phillips Katrina , Waldie Karen , Underwood Lisa
Published: January 2025

This study explored gross motor development (GMD) trajectories among 6359 children, with and without autism, from the Growing Up in New Zealand longitudinal cohort study. By the age of 8, 173 children had either an autism diagnosis (n = 108) or parent‐reported autism concerns (n = 65). Gross motor milestones were reported by mothers when children were 9, 24, and 54 months of age. We found that irrespective of autism diagnosis, GMD delays at 24 months of age were more likely among girls, children born preterm, and those whose mothers identified as European. A mixed‐effect logistic regression model, controlling for antenatal maternal and child covariates, revealed that the proportion of children with GMD delay (relative to their peers) increased significantly from 9 to 54 months for all three groups, but the increase was greater for those with autism concerns (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.08–1.52) or an autism diagnosis (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.10–1.43) compared to the no autism group (OR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.02–1.10). Differences in the changes in GMD performance among children with an autism diagnosis compared to those without autism occurred between 9 and 24 months (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.13–4.13). No significant GMD delay differences were found at any time between children with an autism diagnosis versus those with autism concerns. Children with a GMD delay should be screened for autism at 24 m. Early identification is the first step toward knowledge‐based, effective intervention of developmental difficulties.
Brückenmodernisierung im Zuge des achtstreifigen Ausbaus der A1 in Hamburg
Authors: Krohn Sebastian , Martens Rüdiger
Published: January 2025

Angesichts des seit den 1960er‐Jahren stark gestiegenen Verkehrsaufkommens sind nicht nur viele Bestandsbrücken am Ende ihrer Lebensdauer angelangt. Oftmals sind auch die bestehenden Autobahnquerschnitte nicht mehr in der Lage, den heutigen Verkehr leistungsfähig aufzunehmen. Die Folge sind Verkehrseinschränkungen und Staus mit negativen Auswirkungen auf Umwelt, Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft. Wie die Verkehrsprognose 2040 zeigt, wird der Güterverkehr auf der Straße um weitere 35 % zunehmen, sodass sich dieses Problem zukünftig noch verschärfen wird. Somit liegt es nahe, die dringend benötigte Brückenmodernisierung nicht nur bauwerksbezogen anzugehen, sondern zeitgleich ausgewählte Autobahnabschnitte bezüglich einer möglichen Kapazitätserweiterung zu untersuchen und diese Ergebnisse bei der Planung der Brückenersatzneubauten mit zu berücksichtigen. Brückenersatz und Streckenerweiterung müssen nicht zeitgleich gebaut, sollten aber, wenn möglich, zeitgleich geplant werden. Der Beitrag zeigt am Beispiel des achtstreifigen Ausbaus der A1 in Hamburg, wie der Ersatz von 21 Bestandsbrücken zusammen mit der Erweiterung der Strecke von sechs auf acht Fahrstreifen geplant wurde und welchen positiven Einfluss die geplante Kapazitätserweiterung der Strecke auf den Brückenbau und die bauzeitlichen Eingriffe in den Verkehr haben kann.
Subtractive Inhibition Assay Based on PagN‐Specific Monoclonal Antibody for the Detection of Salmonella Using Surface Plasmon Resonance
Authors: Hu Maozhi , Zhu Hongji , Meng Chuang , Ding Ruiqing , Yan Qiuxiang , Zhao Hongyan , Kang Xilong , Gu Dan , Pan Zhiming , Jiao Xinan
Published: January 2025

Salmonella is a common foodborne zoonotic pathogen that poses a great threat to human health and breeding industry. The rapid detection of Salmonella is necessary for early prevention and control. In this study, a subtractive inhibition assay (SIA) based on surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for the rapid detection of Salmonella was developed. Mouse‐specific monoclonal antibody 3B3 against Salmonella membrane protein PagN was first incubated with Salmonella. The unbound free antibody was separated using a sequential process of centrifugation and then detected using an immobilized goat anti‐mouse immunoglobulin G polyclonal antibody on the SPR sensor chip. This SIA‐SPR method showed excellent sensitivity for Salmonella with a limit of detection of about 300 CFU mL−1. This method is sensitive to different serotypes of Salmonella strains but not for non‐Salmonella strains. It was able to detect Salmonella in the contaminated water and milk powder at less than 102 and 103 CFU mL−1, respectively, which was consistent with the bacterial plate count results. In addition, this method could be used to evaluate the lysis effect of phages on bacteria. Since the culturing detection method needs more than 48 h, this method has the potential for the rapid and sensitive clinical detection of Salmonella. For our knowledge, this is the first report for Salmonella detection using SIA‐SPR method.
Alpha and Theta Oscillations Associated With Behavioral Phenotypes of Pain–Attention Interaction
Authors: Kelardashti Nikou , Dunkley Benjamin T. , El‐Sayed Rima , Sanmugananthan Vaidhehi Veena , Kim Junseok Andrew , Osborne Natalie Rae , Cheng Joshua C. , Rogachov Anton , Bosma Rachael L. , Besik Ariana E. , Davis Karen Deborah
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Pain is inherently salient and so draws our attention in addition to impacting performance on attention‐demanding tasks. Individual variability in pain–attention interactions can be assessed by two kinds of behavioral phenotypes that quantify how individuals prioritize pain versus attentional needs. The intrinsic attention to pain (IAP) measure quantifies the degree to which a person attends to pain (high‐IAP) or mind‐wanders away from pain (low‐IAP). The A/P categorization quantifies how pain impacts cognitive performance during an attention‐demanding task classifying individuals into P type (pain dominates, worse performance during pain in comparison to no pain) and A type (attention to task dominates, better performance during pain in comparison to no pain). Although previous MRI‐based studies have linked these phenotypes with the dynamic pain connectome (DPC), the underlying neural oscillations are not known. This paper aims to examine the brain–behavior relationship between alpha and theta oscillations within nodes of the DPC and pain–attention phenotypes.

Method

Fifty participants (27 F, 23 M) underwent resting‐state magnetoencephalography (MEG). Individual IAP scores were determined by assessing mind‐wandering during pain and A/P type was based on interference of pain with cognitive task performance.

Finding

The main findings were: (1) peak alpha frequency (PAF) power did not differ between low/high‐IAP individuals or A/P‐type individuals within the nodes of the DPC; (2) compared to high‐IAP individuals, those with low‐IAP have slower PAF in the left primary somatosensory cortex, posterior cingulate cortex and precuneus and higher theta power in the ascending nociceptive pathway and default mode network; (3) males with low‐IAP, compared to females, had higher PAF power throughout the DPC.

Conclusion

Alpha and theta oscillations within the DPC may underlie aspects of attentional focus and pain–attention interactions.
The Impact of Electrophysiological Diversity on Pattern Completion in Lithium Nonresponsive Bipolar Disorder: A Computational Modeling Approach
Authors: Nunes Abraham , Singh Selena , Khayachi Anouar , Stern Shani , Trappenberg Thomas , Alda Martin
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) demonstrate episodic memory deficits, which may be hippocampal‐dependent and may be attenuated in lithium responders. Induced pluripotent stem cell–derived CA3 pyramidal cell–like neurons show significant hyperexcitability in lithium‐responsive BD patients, while lithium nonresponders show marked variance in hyperexcitability. We hypothesize that this variable excitability will impair episodic memory recall, as assessed by cued retrieval (pattern completion) within a computational model of the hippocampal CA3.

Methods

We simulated pattern completion tasks using a computational model of the CA3 with different degrees of pyramidal cell excitability variance. Since pyramidal cell excitability variance naturally leads to a mix of hyperexcitability and hypoexcitability, we also examined what fraction (hyper‐ vs. hypoexcitable) was predominantly responsible for pattern completion errors in our model.

Results

Pyramidal cell excitability variance impaired pattern completion (linear model β = −2.00, SE = 0.03, p < 0.001). The effect was invariant to all other parameter settings in the model. Excitability variance, specifically hyperexcitability, increased the number of spuriously active neurons, increasing false alarm rates and producing pattern completion deficits. Excessive inhibition also induces pattern completion deficits by limiting the number of correctly active neurons during pattern retrieval.

Conclusions

Excitability variance in CA3 pyramidal cell–like neurons observed in lithium nonresponders may predict pattern completion deficits in these patients. These cognitive deficits may not be fully corrected by medications that minimize excitability. Future studies should test our predictions by examining behavioral correlates of pattern completion in lithium‐responsive and ‐nonresponsive BD patients.
The Recognition and Management of Adverse Effects in Electroconvulsive Therapy: Findings From a Finnish Survey Study
Authors: Huoponen Saara H. , Sisa Katrin , Saari Tom , Taittonen Markku , Ahlmén‐Laiho Ulla
Published: January 2025

Aim

The aim of the study was to survey the observed incidence of adverse effects (AEs) related to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in Finnish neuromodulation units, as well as to explore what medical interventions are used to prevent and treat them in those units.

Methods

An electronic survey was conducted among Finnish neuromodulation units at the end of 2022. The survey included 35 questions related to AEs and their prevention and/or treatment in the responding units’ ECT patient populations.

Results

Our survey reached 19 out of 26 units in Finland, with 17 units completing the full questionnaire. Headache, myalgia and postictal confusion (PIC) emerged as the most frequently reported AEs. Nausea and high blood pressure were reported less often. Only a few units reported AEs known to be rare, such as accidental awareness during general anesthesia and the aspiration of gastric contents.

However, there was considerable variation in the recognition and treatment of those ECT‐related AEs the diagnosis of which depends more on patients’ self‐reporting, including headache, myalgia or nausea. Five units (29%) reported frequent or occasional headache or myalgia and four units (24%) reported occasional nausea experienced by their patients, but these AEs were addressed pharmacologically in those units neither by prophylaxis nor by treatment. This raises concern about whether these AEs are perceived as an insignificant issue in delivering ECT treatment, thus requiring no intervention, or if those AEs should be better recognized and and managed more actively.

Conclusions

AEs related to ECT treatment are common, but some still appear poorly recognized and treated. Regarding treatment adherence, minimizing potential AEs whenever feasible can be considered important. A thorough preoperative assessment of patients is required to identify possible risk factors for AEs. An objective and structured evaluation tool for recognizing adverse effects in patients undergoing ECT treatment would be useful.
Age and Sex‐Related Differences in Neuroprotective Effects of Cardiovascular Endurance on Cortical Thickness and Brain Volume in Adults Across Age
Authors: Won Junyeon , Gogniat Marissa , Smith J. Carson
Published: January 2025

Background

Higher cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular endurance (CE) have been shown to be neuroprotective in older adulthood, but the mechanisms underlying this neuroprotection across the adult lifespan are poorly understood. The current study sought to examine the neuroprotective effects of CRF on gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) volumes, and mean cortical thickness (MCT), using a large sample across the adult lifespan. We also examined sex differences in these relationships.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included data from 1691 adults across the adult lifespan (22–100 years) from the Human Connectome Project Young Adults and Aging data. 2‐minute walk test performance was used as a proxy of CE. Structural MRI was used to assess total GM volume, WM volume, and MCT. Linear regression models were used to examine the interaction between age and CE on total GM volume, WM volume, and MCT after adjusting for sex, years of education, body mass index, systolic blood pressure, gait speed, and total intracranial volume. Whole‐brain surface‐based analysis was also performed to investigate regional effects. Finally, interactions between age, sex, and CE were examined to test sex differences. p < 0.05, two‐sided test, was designed as statistically significant.

Results

With greater CE, the associations between greater age and lower total and regional GM and WM volumes and MCT were attenuated in whole sample. In men, age was associated with lower total GM volume and MCT regardless of CE level. In women, attenuated negative associations between age and total GM volume and MCT were found in those with high CE.

Conclusion

Greater CE over the adult lifespan is associated with preservation of cortical thickness and brain volume, particularly in women.
Association of Myasthenia Gravis With Autoimmune Thyroid Disease: A Bidirectional Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: Wang Yao , Wang Ke , Lu Jing , Xu Peng , Zhang Dongmei , Chen Xinzhi , Wang Jian
Published: January 2025

Background and Purpose

Observational studies have indicated a high occurrence of coexistence between myasthenia gravis (MG) and autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) in clinical settings, but the causal relationship between the two conditions remains ambiguous. Therefore, this study endeavors to investigate the causal links between MG, along with its subgroups, and AITD through a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach.

Methods

Genetic instrumental variables associated with MG and AITD were selected from three major publicly available GWAS databases for MR analysis. The primary method for evaluating causal effects was the inverse variance weighted (IVW) method. Supplementary methods included MR‐Egger regression and weighted median. The reliability and stability of the results were ensured through tests for heterogeneity, assessment of pleiotropy, and sensitivity analysis using the leave‐one‐out approach.

Results

The investigation revealed reciprocal causal associations between MG and both Graves’ disease and autoimmune hypothyroidism. Genetic predisposition to MG was linked to an increased likelihood of developing Hashimoto's thyroiditis (OR = 1.242(1.073–1.437, P = 0.0036)), and early‐onset MG also exhibited an association with an elevated risk of HT (OR = 1.157(1.073‐1.246), P = 1.269×10−4). No statistically significant relationships were found for the other conditions.

Conclusion

This extensive MR analysis provides evidence suggesting a potential association between MG and AITD, particularly with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Consequently, proactive treatment strategies targeting either MG or autoimmune thyroid disorders may help mitigate the risk of comorbidities in affected patients.
Effects of Muse Cell on a Mouse Model With Acute Encephalopathy
Authors: Kawaguchi Tatsuya , Mori Tetsuji , Adachi Kaori , Fujii Jun , Maegaki Yoshihiro , Obata Fumiko
Published: January 2025

Introduction

Acute encephalopathy (AE) in childhood due to a viral infection causes convulsions and altered consciousness, leading to severe sequelae and death. Among the four types of AE, cytokine storm–induced AE is the most severe and causes serious damage to the brain. Moreover, a fundamental treatment for AE has not been established yet. Recently, it has been shown that the administration of multilineage‐differentiating stress‐enduring (Muse) cells, a population of mesenchymal stem cells, improves symptoms in various types of brain injuries when administered in the subacute phase (1–7 days after brain damage). We aimed to examine the effects of Muse cells in a cytokine storm–induced AE animal model using immunocompromised nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/SCID) neonatal mice.

Methods

We established a modified protocol to induce AE‐like symptoms in NOD/SCID. Then, Muse cells were injected at an acute phase (2–4 h after hyperthermia treatment).

Results

Injection of Muse cells significantly improved body weight gain 1 day after treatment and the survival ratio for 3 weeks.

Conclusion

These effects could be a result of the direct and/or indirect upregulation of IL‐10, an anti‐inflammatory cytokine, in the Muse cell–treated brain. Although non‐Muse cells, a residual cell population in the bone marrow after isolating Muse cells, also improved some symptoms, their effects were weaker than those of Muse cells. Our results indicate that the injection of Muse cells in the acute phase has an effect on AE, suggesting that they exert their therapeutic effects not only in the subacute phase but also in the acute phase.
Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Fu Binbin , Zhou Xiangyue , Zhou Xuan , Li Xin , Chen Zhengquan , Zhang Yanbin , Du Qing
Published: January 2025

Background

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a promising neuromodulation technique that has been widely used in neuropsychiatric disorders, but there was no evidence on its effect on the improvement attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Objective

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of TMS in reducing ADHD symptoms.

Method

We systematically searched four databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases) for randomized controlled/crossover trials on the efficacy and safety of TMS on ADHD symptom improvement compared to sham rTMS or non‐TMS interventions, published until September 18, 2024. Extracted data from the included studies involved patient characteristics, intervention protocols, and main outcomes. The effect size of the TMS treatment was evaluated using the standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI), calculated with either a random effects model or fixed effects model depending on the level of heterogeneity.

Result

Eight studies (325 ADHD patients in total) were included in this systematic review and meta‐analysis. According to the core symptoms, TMS significantly improved inattention (SMD = −0.94, 95% CI = −1.33 to −0.56, p < 0.001) and hyperactivity/impulsivity (SMD = −0.98, 95% CI = −1.27 to −0.69, p < 0.001) compared to non‐TMS interventions after 3–6 weeks of intervention. During the 1‐month follow‐up, the TMS group still demonstrated a significant improvement in inattention symptoms compared to the non‐TMS group (SMD = −0.67, 95% CI = −1.06 to 0.28, p < 0.001). The total symptoms in the TMS group only showed improvement in the 1‐month follow‐up compared to the non‐TMS group. (SMD = −0.48, 95% CI = −0.82 to −0.14, p = 0.005). Only minor adverse events were reported in the included studies, comprising headache and scalp discomfort.

Conclusion

TMS significantly improved the inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and total symptom scores in ADHD patients with minor adverse events. Future research should focus on the association between different brain regions and symptoms in ADHD patients, which is crucial for stimulation navigation in TMS interventions. The trial is registered in PROSPERO (PROSPERO registry number: CRD42023473853).
Predictors of the Short‐Term Outcomes of Guillain–Barré Syndrome: Exploring Electrodiagnostic and Clinical Features
Authors: Chen Yi‐Hsiang , Wu Chia‐Lun , Weng Wei‐Chieh , Wei Yi‐Chia
Published: January 2025

Background and Objectives

Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS), an acute inflammatory disorder of the peripheral nervous system, is characterized by muscle weakness and paralysis. Prompt identification of patients at a high risk of poor outcomes is crucial for timely intervention. In this study, we combined clinical data with nerve conduction study and electromyography data to identify the predictors of GBS outcomes.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with GBS who had received treatment at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan, between 1998 and 2022. Comprehensive clinical and electrophysiological data were collected. Statistical analyses were performed to identify the predictors of poor outcomes. The patients were stratified into two groups by their scores on the GBS Disability Scale: good (score ≤ 2) and poor (score > 2) outcome groups.

Results

The study finally included 24 GBS patients (mean age: 53.0 ± 20.9 years; female‐to‐male ratio: 2.3; good outcome group: 13; poor outcome group: 11). Compared with the good outcome group, the poor outcome group was old (43.0 ± 20.4 vs. 64.0 ± 15.7, p = 0.011), had a short time‐to‐treatment period (12.9 ± 7.8 vs. 6.5 ± 5.4 days, p = 0.033), exhibited more prevalent mechanical ventilation use (0 vs. 36.4%, p = 0.017), and had a prolonged hospitalization duration (14.7 ± 10.2 vs. 53.1 ± 20.0 days, p < 0.001). Poor outcomes were associated with low compound muscle action potential (CMAP), slow motor nerve conduction velocity (MNCV), abnormal F‐wave latency, and more conduction block and temporal dispersion. In the subgroup of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (AIDP), there were 19 patients, out of which 10 had good outcomes, while nine had poor outcomes. The clinical features that differentiate between good and poor outcomes in the AIDP subgroup were similar to those observed in all GBS patients. Notably, the motor conduction features, including distal and proximal CMAP and MNCV of the median and tibial nerves (all p < 0.05), were particularly important electrodiagnostic features of outcome discrimination in the AIDP subgroup.

Discussion

Combining clinical data with nerve conduction study and electromyography data can assist in predicting outcomes of both GBS patients and the AIDP subgroup. Poor outcomes are associated with older age, a more abrupt onset pattern, low CMAP, and slow nerve conduction, and abnormal tibial F responses can predict poor outcomes. Early identification of high‐risk patients facilitates tailored interventions. This highlights the importance of combining clinical and electrophysiological data in GBS management.
Therapeutic Metaphors Enhance Memory Systems in Mental Health Contexts
Authors: Yu Fei , Zhang Zhijie , Zhang Wencai
Published: January 2025

Background

Psychotherapeutic memory plays an important role in maintaining therapeutic effects; however, the neural mechanisms of therapeutic metaphor promoting long‐term memory were still unknown.

Objective

This study used metaphorical micro‐counseling dialog scenarios to investigate the memory effect of therapeutic metaphor and correlated neural mechanisms.

Methods

At first, 31 participants read a mental distress problem, followed by a metaphorical or a literal solution, while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning during the encoding phase. One week later, a recognition memory test was performed outside the scanner.

Results

The results revealed that metaphorical solutions were associated with higher insight experiences and better memory performance than literal solutions. Greater activations were observed in the multiple memory systems, including episodic (parahippocampal gyrus, hippocampus, and thalamus), emotional (amygdala), and procedural/implicit (caudate, putamen, and cerebellum), in contrast to later remembered versus later forgotten based on the gap between metaphorical and literal solutions. Insightfulness and activities of the hippocampus, caudate, and cerebellum could predict memory performance.

Conclusions

These findings indicated that multiple memory systems are involved in successful memory encoding of therapeutic metaphors; this suggested that incorporating metaphors into psychotherapy practices could lead to better retention of therapeutic information and improve clinical outcomes compared to literal psychotherapy.
Comprehensive Analysis of the Antioxidant and Enzyme Inhibitory Properties and Phenolic Compounds of Phlomis armeniaca: Potential Applicant in Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Menevseoglu Ahmed , Yılmaz Fırat , Topal Meryem , Topal Fevzi
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory properties of Phlomis armeniaca, a perennial plant native to the eastern and southeastern regions of Turkey. Ethanol extracts of the plant were analyzed using various bioanalytical methods, including Fe3⁺‐Fe2⁺ reducing power, Cupric Reducing Antioxidant Capacity, 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picryl‐hydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2‐azinobis 3‐ethylbenzthiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, as well as total phenolic and flavonoid content assessments. The results showed that P. armeniaca is rich in phenolic (38.75 ± 0.59 µg gallic acid equivalents/mg extract) and flavonoid compounds (39.34 ± 4.08 µg quercetin equivalents/mg extract). The plant demonstrated significant inhibitory effects on acetylcholinesterase (half‐maximal inhibitory concentration [IC50]: 45.00 ± 0.48 mg/mL) and butyrylcholinesterase (IC50: 84.51 ± 0.84 mg/mL) enzymes, indicating its potential use in treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. The study also highlighted P. armeniaca’s high chlorogenic acid, salicylic acid, 4‐dihydroxybenzoic acid, and quinic acid contents, supporting its antioxidant capacity. These findings suggest that P. armeniaca could be a valuable natural resource for developing therapeutic agents to manage oxidative stress and related conditions, warranting further pharmacological exploration.
Anxiolytic‐like Effect of Chrysin on Female Zebrafish is Likely Mediated by α5 subunits of GABAA Receptors
Authors: Costa Bruna Patrícia Dutra , German-Ponciano León Jesús , de Souza Loanne Valéria Xavier Bruce , Leite Marissol , Costa Jonabeto Vasconcelos , Feitosa Leonardo Miranda , Oliveira Larissa Nunes , Jesus Paulo Souza , Ikeda Saulo Rivera , Pantoja Aurora Rubria Batista , Lima-Maximino Monica , Rodríguez-Landa Juan Francisco , Siqueira-Silva Diógenes Henrique , Maximino Caio
Published: January 2025

Chrysin (5,7‐dihydroxyflavone) is a natural flavonoid with potential anxiolytic‐like effects in preclinical models. Acute treatment with this molecule (0 – 10 mg/kg) produced a biphasic dose‐response in the zebrafish light/dark test (LDT), with anxiolytic‐like effect at low doses and anxiogenic‐like effects at high doses. Chrysin (1 mg/kg) decreased anxiety‐like behavior in the zebrafish novel tank test (NTT), but did not prevent the anxiogenic effects of acute stress. The anxiolytic‐like effects of chrysin (1 mg/kg) in the LDT were blocked by pretreatment with picrotoxin, suggesting interaction with γ‐aminobutiric acid A (GABAA) receptors. Molecular modeling suggested that chrysin interacts with α5 subunits at residues lining the ion channel pore. These results demonstrate one of the possible mechanisms of action of chrysin, reinforcing the anxiolytic potential of this molecule.
“Use of Snare Catheter Technique in Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement With Self‐Expandable Valve: Expert Review”
Authors: Aquino‐Bruno Heberto , García‐García Juan F. , Gayosso‐Ortiz Jose R. , Alcántara‐Meléndez Marco A. , Fuentes‐Moreno Juan C. , Blancas Perez Luis A. , Hernández‐Flores Kevin R. , Muratalla‐González Roberto
Published: January 2025

The use of the snare catheter (SC) technique has been described in the field of interventional cardiology, in particular in the retrieval of a lost device, for example, a dislodged coronary stent, broken coronary wire, and so forth. In the transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) procedure, some cases have been observed where the anatomy is challenging or there are scenarios where some complications occur during the procedure, which make it necessary to use some tools to achieve the success of the procedure. The SC has shown are very useful either to achieve the ascent of the valve to the annular plane in complex anatomies or as a rescue measure in the event of complications that may arise after valve implantation.
One‐Pot Cascade [3 + 2 + 1] Annulation: Synthesis and Mechanistic Insight of s‐Triazines and Pyrimidines Using Azo‐Supported Metalloradical Nickel Catalyst
Authors: Jana Debashis , Malik Sampad , Kanrar Gopal , Halder Supriyo , Naskar Srijita , Pramanik Kausikisankar
Published: January 2025

Highly efficient Ni‐catalyzed C─N/C─C bond formation from amidines during the [3 + 2 + 1] annulation by primary alcohols alone or by primary alcohols with secondary alcohols/phenyl acetylenes has been successfully accomplished toward scaled synthesis of s‐triazine and pyrimidines, respectively. A strongly π‐acidic bis‐azo NNN‐pincer scaffold was successfully introduced for dual functionalization such as augmenting the sustainability of the molecular catalyst by enhancing the metal–ligand integrity and interposing a potent electron‐sink chromophore. The high yield synthesis (up to 94%) of poly‐azaheterocycles with merely 0.001 mol% catalyst loading demonstrates the potency of azo‐anion radical assisted catalysis. A diverse range of primary and secondary alcohols are successfully used as substrates. Furthermore, use of methanol/ethanol as C1/C2 synthon (alkylating agents) enables the formation of challenging imine intermediates from amidines through dehydrogenation under mild conditions. This facilitates the synthesis of wide varieties of s‐triazines, and pyrimidines driven by the auto‐tandem catalyst. Mechanistic investigations reveal that the formation of C─C and C─N bonds proceed through a metalloradical catalysis (MRC) pathway instead of borrowing hydrogen (BH) method and thereby addresses the challenge of controlling stereoselection. This process is initiated by Ni‐catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation (AD) of the alcohol substrate, followed by a series of sequential steps, including condensation, aza‐Michael addition, cyclization, and subsequent dehydrogenation. The well‐defined one‐electron reductive response at −0.34 V (versus Fc+/Fc) is indicative of the involvement of azo anion radical during catalytic annulation. The formation of the ligand radical intermediate was further substantiated by an electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study conducted both in the presence and absence of radical scavengers, specifically 2,2,6,6‐tetramethyl‐1‐piperidinyloxy (TEMPO), and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
Tracking the Mode of Carbon Deposition During Dry Reforming of Methane over Ni/γ‐Al2O3
Authors: Ay Hale , Mao Haiyan , Xu Jun , Reimer Jefferey A. , Uner Deniz
Published: January 2025

Dry reforming of methane was studied over Ni/Al2O3 catalyst at 600 °C with varying CO2/CH4 ratios (0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5). 13CO2 as well as 12CO2 were used along with 12CH4 and resulting carbon was characterized with 13C solid state NMR spectroscopy in order to elucidate the role of CO2 in carbon build up. 13C NMR results revealed that carbon in the deposited coke not only came from CH4, but also from CO2. CO2 saturation coverage is determined by adsorption calorimetry as 0.02 mole/site at 323 K, populated on Al2O3. The critical CO2/CH4 ratio for the onset of carbon growth at atmospheric pressure was determined as 1.8 in good agreement with the literature. The effect of CO2/CH4 ratio on the type of carbon formation was investigated by HCTEM. Long‐term reaction tests resulted in octopus carbon structure with several fibers growing from one nickel crystal. Above the critical CO2/CH4 ratio, carbon growth was inhibited, only a small amount of amorphous carbon could form. At CO2/CH4 ratios below the critical value, whisker formation was clearly observed. When the steady state operation of reforming reaction was changed to a transient operation by injecting pure CO2 flow to the reactor, coke deposition could be inhibited at the expense of hydrogen stoichiometry.
Tuning Optical Properties of Organic Thin Films through Intermolecular Interactions – Fundamentals, Advances and Strategies
Authors: Jasmin Finkelmeyer Sarah , Presselt Martin
Published: January 2025

In applications ranging from photon‐energy conversion into electrical or chemical forms (such as photovoltaics or photocatalysis) to numerous sensor technologies based on organic solids, the role of supramolecular structures and chromophore interactions is crucial. This review comprehensively examines the critical intermolecular interactions between organic dyes and their impact on optical properties. We explore the range of changes in absorption or emission properties observed in molecular aggregates compared to single molecules. Each effect is dissected to reveal its physicochemical foundations, relevance to different application domains, and documented examples from the literature that illustrate the potential modulation of absorption or emission properties by molecular and supramolecular structural adjustments. This work aims to serve as a concise guide for exploiting supramolecular phenomena in the innovation of novel optical and optoelectronic organic materials, with emphasis on strategic application and exploitation.
Zirconium(IV)‐Catalyzed Hydrosilylation of Organic Carbonates and Polycarbonates Household Wastes into Alcohol Derivatives[]**
Authors: Theulier Cyril A. , Berthet Jean‐Claude , Cantat Thibault
Published: January 2025

The Schwartz's reagent Cp2Zr(H)Cl is a well known stoichiometric reagent for the reduction of unsaturated organic molecules but it has rarely been used in catalytic transformations. Herein, we describe the reduction of a variety of organic carbonates using the catalyst Cp2Zr(H)Cl in combination with Me(MeO)2SiH (DMMS) as reductant. This method was further applied to the reductive depolymerization of some polycarbonate materials and yielded silylated alcohols and diols in mild conditions. This method for the recycling polycarbonates is characterized by its stability to the additives contained in household plastics as well as its ability to selectively depolymerize the polycarbonate PC‐BPA when mixed with the polyester PET. Experimental investigations brought evidences on a mechanism based on the succession of a three steps sequence comprising the hydrozirconation of the carbonyl fragment, thermal σ C−O bond cleavage, and an ultimate Zr−OR/Si−H σ‐bond metathesis reaction to regenerate the hydride catalyst.
Organoselenium Ligand Enabled Selective Electron Tuning for Switchable Hydrogen Evolution Reaction
Authors: Jaiswal Svastik , Jha Raushan Kumar , Parganiha Devendra , Kumar Sangit
Published: January 2025

Unraveling the electronic structure of metal complexes can bring various catalytic possibilities for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). However, the electronic effect of metal and ligands modulating and switching the reaction center for HER has yet to be comprehensively analyzed. Herein, we report nickel selenoether electrocatalysts which show tunable reaction centers (nickel or ligand) for HER using mild weak acetic acid in less deprotonating DMF solvent. Synthesized nickel selenoether electrocatalysts which follow a ligand‐centered pathway demonstrated remarkably high turnover frequency (kobs) upto 14000 s‐1 with 93% Faradaic Efficiency (F.E.). Whereas Ni‐electrocatalyst having N‐donor and selenoether ligands follow a metal‐centered HER and show kobs value of 2110 s‐1 with F.E. of 98%. A kinetic isotopic effect (KIE) study using CD3CO2D provides kH/kD = 0.49 and 13.01 values for two types of catalysts suggestive of metal‐centered and ligand‐centered catalytic behavior, respectively. Also, EPR studies revealed nickel‐centered and ligand‐centered radicals in two types of Ni‐electrocatalysts. Mechanistically, the EPR, CV, and DFT computation studies suggest that the electron density of the selenoether ligand plays a crucial role by acting as an electron reservoir in deciding the reaction pathways, whether hydride formation occurs at metal‐centered leading to Ni‐H intermediate or ligand‐centered pathways for HER.