bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Candidate X-Ray-emitting OB Stars in MYStIX Massive Star-forming Regions
Authors: Povich Matthew S. , Busk Heather A. , Feigelson Eric D. , Townsley Leisa K. , Kuhn Michael A.
Published: March 2017

Massive O-type and early B-type (OB) stars in the nearby Galaxy remain incompletely cataloged due to high extinction, bright visible and infrared nebular emission in H ii regions, and high field star contamination. These difficulties are alleviated by restricting the search to stars with X-ray emission. Using the X-ray point sources from the Massive Young Star-forming Complex Study in Infrared and X-Rays (MYStIX) survey of OB-dominated regions, we identify 98 MYStIX candidate OB (MOBc) stars by fitting their 1–8 μm spectral energy distributions (SEDs) with reddened stellar atmosphere models. We identify 27 additional MOBc stars based on JHK

S
photometry of X-ray stars lacking SED fitting. These candidate OB stars indicate that the current census of stars earlier than B1, taken across the 18 MYStIX regions studied, is less than 50% complete. We also fit the SEDs of 239 previously published OB stars to measure interstellar extinction and bolometric luminosities, revealing six candidate massive binary systems and five candidate O-type (super)giants. As expected, candidate OB stars have systematically higher extinction than previously published OB stars. Notable results for individual regions include identification of the OB population of a recently discovered massive cluster in NGC 6357, an older OB association in the M17 complex, and new massive luminous O stars near the Trifid Nebula. In several relatively poorly studied regions (RCW 38, NGC 6334, NGC 6357, Trifid, and NGC 3576), the OB populations may increase by factors of

.
The Perihelion Emission of Comet C/2010 L5 (WISE)
Authors: Kramer E. A. , Bauer J. M. , Fernandez Y. R. , Stevenson R. , Mainzer A. K. , Grav T. , Masiero J. , Nugent C. , Sonnett S.
Published: March 2017

The only Halley-type comet discovered by the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), C/2010 L5 (WISE), was imaged three times by WISE, and it showed a significant dust tail during the second and third visits (2010 June and July, respectively). We present here an analysis of the data collected by WISE, putting estimates on the comet’s size, dust production rate, gas production (CO+CO2) rate, and active fraction. We also present a detailed description of a novel tail-fitting technique that allows the commonly used syndyne–synchrone models to be used analytically, thereby giving more robust results. We find that C/2010 L5's dust tail was likely formed by strong emission, likely in the form of an outburst, occurring when the comet was within a few days of perihelion. Analyses of the June and July data independently agree on this result. The two separate epochs of dust tail analysis independently suggest a strong emission event close to perihelion. The average size of the dust particles in the dust tail increased between the epochs, suggesting that the dust was primarily released in a short period of time, and the smaller dust particles were quickly swept away by solar radiation pressure, leaving the larger particles behind. The difference in CO2 and dust production rates measured in 2010 June and July is not consistent with “normal” steady-state gas production from a comet at these heliocentric distances, suggesting that much of the detected CO2 and dust was produced in an episodic event. Together, these conclusions suggest that C/2010 L5 experienced a significant outburst event when the comet was close to perihelion.
Near-infrared Spectroscopy of Five Ultra-massive Galaxies at 1.7 < z < 2.7
Authors: Kado-Fong Erin , Marchesini Danilo , Marsan Z. Cemile , Muzzin Adam , Quadri Ryan , Brammer Gabriel , Bezanson Rachel , Labbé Ivo , Lundgren Britt , Rudnick Gregory , Stefanon Mauro , Tal Tomer , Wake David , Williams Rik , Whitaker Katherine , Dokkum Pieter van
Published: March 2017

We present the results of a pilot near-infrared spectroscopic campaign of five very massive galaxies (

) in the range of

. We measure an absorption feature redshift for one galaxy at

. For the remaining galaxies, we combine the photometry with the continuum from the spectra to estimate continuum redshifts and stellar population properties. We define a continuum redshift (

) as one in which the redshift is estimated probabilistically from the combination of catalog photometry and the observed spectrum using EAZY. We derive the uncertainties on the stellar population synthesis properties using a Monte Carlo simulation and examine the correlations between the parameters with and without the use of the spectrum in the modeling of the spectral energy distributions. The spectroscopic constraints confirm the extreme stellar masses of the galaxies in our sample. We find that three out of five galaxies are quiescent (star-formation rate of

) with low levels of dust obscuration (

) , that one galaxy displays both high levels of star formation and dust obscuration (

,

mag), and that the remaining galaxy has properties that are intermediate between the quiescent and star-forming populations.
Determination of Plasma Screening Effects for Thermonuclear Reactions in Laser-generated Plasmas
Authors: Wu Yuanbin , Pálffy Adriana
Published: March 2017

Due to screening effects, nuclear reactions in astrophysical plasmas may behave differently than in the laboratory. The possibility to determine the magnitude of these screening effects in colliding laser-generated plasmas is investigated theoretically, having as a starting point a proposed experimental setup with two laser beams at the Extreme Light Infrastructure facility. A laser pulse interacting with a solid target produces a plasma through the Target Normal Sheath Acceleration scheme, and this rapidly streaming plasma (ion flow) impacts a secondary plasma created by the interaction of a second laser pulse on a gas jet target. We model this scenario here and calculate the reaction events for the astrophysically relevant reaction 13C(4He, n)16O. We find that it should be experimentally possible to determine the plasma screening enhancement factor for fusion reactions by detecting the difference in reaction events between two scenarios of ion flow interacting with the plasma target and a simple gas target. This provides a way to evaluate nuclear reaction cross-sections in stellar environments and can significantly advance the field of nuclear astrophysics.
Relative Orbit Orientation in Several Resolved Multiple Systems
Authors: Tokovinin Andrei , Latham David W.
Published: March 2017

This work extends the still modest number of multiple stars with known relative orbit orientation. Accurate astrometry and radial velocities are used jointly to compute or update outer and inner orbits in three nearby triple systems, HIP 101955 (orbital periods 38.68 and 2.51 years), HIP 103987 (19.20 and 1.035 years), HIP 111805 (30.13 and 1.50 years), and in one quadruple system, HIP 2643 (periods 70.3, 4.85, and 0.276 years), all composed of solar-type stars. The masses are estimated from the absolute magnitudes and checked using the orbits. The ratios of outer to inner periods (from 14 to 20) and the eccentricities of the outer orbits are moderate. These systems are dynamically stable, but not very far from the stability limit. In three systems, all orbits are approximately coplanar and have small eccentricity, while in HIP 101955 the inner orbit with e = 0.6 is highly inclined.
Validation of Spherical Born Approximation Sensitivity Functions for Measuring Deep Solar Meridional Flow
Authors: Böning Vincent G. A. , Roth Markus , Jackiewicz Jason , Kholikov Shukur
Published: March 2017

Accurate measurements of deep solar meridional flow are of vital interest for understanding the solar dynamo. In this paper, we validate a recently developed method for obtaining sensitivity functions (kernels) for travel-time measurements to solar interior flows using the Born approximation in spherical geometry, which is expected to be more accurate than the classical ray approximation. Furthermore, we develop a numerical approach to efficiently compute a large number of kernels based on the separability of the eigenfunctions into their horizontal and radial dependence. The validation is performed using a hydrodynamic simulation of linear wave propagation in the Sun, which includes a standard single-cell meridional flow profile. We show that, using the Born approximation, it is possible to accurately model observational quantities relevant for time–distance helioseismology such as the mean power spectrum, disk-averaged cross-covariance functions, and travel times in the presence of a flow field. In order to closely match the model to observations, we show that it is beneficial to use mode frequencies and damping rates that were extracted from the measured power spectrum. Furthermore, the contribution of the radial flow to the total travel time is found to reach 20% of the contribution of the horizontal flow at travel distances over 40°. Using the Born kernels and a 2D SOLA inversion of travel times, we can recover most features of the input meridional flow profile. The Born approximation is thus a promising method for inferring large-scale solar interior flows.
Faint Object Detection in Multi-Epoch Observations via Catalog Data Fusion
Authors: Budavári Tamás , Szalay Alexander S. , Loredo Thomas J.
Published: March 2017

Astronomy in the time-domain era faces several new challenges. One of them is the efficient use of observations obtained at multiple epochs. The work presented here addresses faint object detection and describes an incremental strategy for separating real objects from artifacts in ongoing surveys. The idea is to produce low-threshold single-epoch catalogs and to accumulate information across epochs. This is in contrast to more conventional strategies based on co-added or stacked images. We adopt a Bayesian approach, addressing object detection by calculating the marginal likelihoods for hypotheses asserting that there is no object or one object in a small image patch containing at most one cataloged source at each epoch. The object-present hypothesis interprets the sources in a patch at different epochs as arising from a genuine object; the no-object hypothesis interprets candidate sources as spurious, arising from noise peaks. We study the detection probability for constant-flux objects in a Gaussian noise setting, comparing results based on single and stacked exposures to results based on a series of single-epoch catalog summaries. Our procedure amounts to generalized cross-matching: it is the product of a factor accounting for the matching of the estimated fluxes of the candidate sources and a factor accounting for the matching of their estimated directions. We find that probabilistic fusion of multi-epoch catalogs can detect sources with similar sensitivity and selectivity compared to stacking. The probabilistic cross-matching framework underlying our approach plays an important role in maintaining detection sensitivity and points toward generalizations that could accommodate variability and complex object structure.
The Solar Energetic Particle Event of 2010 August 14: Connectivity with the Solar Source Inferred from Multiple Spacecraft Observations and Modeling
Authors: Lario D. , Kwon R.-Y. , Richardson I. G. , Raouafi N. E. , Thompson B. J. , Rosenvinge T. T. von , Mays M. L. , Mäkelä P. A. , Xie H. , Bain H. M. , Zhang M. , Zhao L. , Cane H. V. , Papaioannou A. , Thakur N. , Riley P.
Published: March 2017

We analyze one of the first solar energetic particle (SEP) events of solar cycle 24 observed at widely separated spacecraft in order to assess the reliability of models currently used to determine the connectivity between the sources of SEPs at the Sun and spacecraft in the inner heliosphere. This SEP event was observed on 2010 August 14 by near-Earth spacecraft, STEREO-A (∼80° west of Earth) and STEREO-B (∼72° east of Earth). In contrast to near-Earth spacecraft, the footpoints of the nominal magnetic field lines connecting STEREO-A and STEREO-B with the Sun were separated from the region where the parent fast halo coronal mass ejection (CME) originated by ∼88° and ∼47° in longitude, respectively. We discuss the properties of the phenomena associated with this solar eruption. Extreme ultraviolet and white-light images are used to specify the extent of the associated CME-driven coronal shock. We then assess whether the SEPs observed at the three heliospheric locations were accelerated by this shock or whether transport mechanisms in the corona and/or interplanetary space provide an alternative explanation for the arrival of particles at the poorly connected spacecraft. A possible scenario consistent with the observations indicates that the observation of SEPs at STEREO-B and near Earth resulted from particle injection by the CME shock onto the field lines connecting to these spacecraft, whereas SEPs reached STEREO-A mostly via cross-field diffusive transport processes. The successes, limitations, and uncertainties of the methods used to resolve the connection between the acceleration sites of SEPs and the spacecraft are evaluated.
On the diversity and richness of understory bryophytes at Nectandra Cloud Forest Reserve, Costa Rica
Authors: Norris Daniel , Kraichak Ekaphan , Risk Allen , Lucas Diane , Allard Dorothy , Rosengren Frida , Clark Theresa , Fenton Nicole , Tessler Michael , Phephu Nonkululo , Lennette Evelyne
Published: March 2017

A survey of the understory bryophytes in the Nectandra Cloud Forest Preserve yielded 1083 specimens distributed among 55 families, represented by 74 genera of mosses, 75 genera of liverworts and 3 of hornworts. We studied and analyzed the bryophytic distribution on six types of substrates: 1) corticolous, 2) epiphyllous, 3) saxicolous, 4) terricolous, 5) aquatic and 6) lignicolous. The richness and composition of bryophyte genera are compared to those of other previous bryophyte surveys from 4 other sites with different oceanic exposures, climatic and geographic conditions in Costa Rica.

This is a report of the first extensive general survey of bryophytes at the Nectandra Reserve, a premontane cloud forest located on the Atlantic slope of Costa Rica, an area much less studied compared to the Monteverde cloud forest on the Pacific slope.
Les origines militaires du « miracle économique » japonais : l’essor technologique de Canon et de Seiko des années 1930 aux années 1960
Authors: Donzé Pierre-Yves
Published: March 2017

Que doit le décollage prodigieux de l’industrie japonaise de l’après-1945 aux efforts d’innovation suscités par la Seconde Guerre mondiale ? À travers l’étude de deux fameuses entreprises des secteurs de la photographie et de l’horlogerie, cet article met en avant le rôle décisif joué par les spécialistes de l’ingénierie de process issus de l’industrie de l’armement et des arsenaux. Rapidement redéployés vers les industries de biens de consommation avec la démilitarisation, ils y ont introduit les méthodes et les procédés de production de masse développés durant la guerre, et ainsi contribué à la rationalisation de l’industrie nippone.
The other visible hand: national security and intellectual property in the United States before World War I
Authors: C. Epstein Katherine
Published: March 2017

S’appuyant sur l’étude du cas du développement des torpilles, cet article met en évidence et analyse la tension entre les enjeux de sécurité nationale du point de vue de l’État et les intérêts, en matière de propriété intellectuelle, des industriels de la défense aux États-Unis avant la Première Guerre mondiale. Il suggère que cette tension représente une part inexplorée de l’histoire du « privilège du secret d’État », et que sa compréhension peut aboutir à une reconsidération de récits qui dominent l’histoire contemporaine des États-Unis.
De quelques réflexions sur les sinuosités de la radicalisation
Authors: Seniguer Haouès
Published: March 2017

Le terme de radicalisation s’est imposé sur la scène publique. Il est l’objet d’un usage intensif par les médias et les hommes politiques. Islamisation de la radicalité pour les uns, radicalisation de l’islam pour les autres. Il est urgent de dépasser ce débat piège et de s’interroger sur la notion de radicalisation, ses limites, ses ambiguïtés, ses conséquences dans la société pour éviter les confusions et les impasses.
Où se situe la prévention spécialisée dans les processus d’identification des jeunes en voie de marginalisation ?
Authors: Chellig Nacime
Published: March 2017

Faut-il voir autrement la prévention spécialisée ? Suite à l’émergence du phénomène dit de radicalisation, les ouvrages respectifs d’Olivier Roy et de Farhad Kosrokhavar mettent en évidence les représentations franco-centrées rattachées aux manifestations culturo-religieuses des pratiques musulmanes. Voilà pourquoi la prévention spécialisée fait ainsi figure d’épouvantail dans la structuration de ces accompagnements. Cette pratique atypique la rend satellitaire de toutes les autres organisations de l’action sociale basées sur des interventions classiques de la protection de l’enfance.
La conversion comme acte de révolte ou comme réponse au vide idéologique ?
Authors: Perez Frédéric
Published: March 2017

Intervenant en tant que psychologue clinicien dans une cellule de prévention contre le phénomène de radicalisation, l’auteur cherche à analyser les causes possibles du phénomène de conversion au travers de ses points d’intrication avec les processus psychiques. Après avoir rappelé les principales thèses proposées par S. Freud et ses successeurs, l’auteur s’efforce d’éclairer les raisons plus précises qui poussent certains jeunes à adopter un système de pensée aussi contraignant que le salafisme.
Faire avec le fait religieux dans l’aide à domicile
Authors: Vidal-Naquet Pierre A.
Published: March 2017

Dans le champ du travail social, les débats qui se sont développés ces dernières années sur le thème du fait religieux, se sont surtout focalisés sur les nouvelles demandes de reconnaissance publique des identités confessionnelles. Les requêtes concernant la manifestation publique des croyances religieuses ont été traitées par la pédagogie de la laïcité et le rappel des grands principes de la loi de 1905 . A priori , ces principes ne concernent pas l’organisation de l’espace privé au sein duquel la liberté de conscience est entièrement libre et n’est pas encadrée de façon précise par le droit. À partir d’une enquête auprès de professionnels de l’aide à domicile, le présent article examine ce qu’il en est des interventions publiques lorsque celles-ci rencontrent, dans la sphère domestique, la manifestation de certaines croyances religieuses, dans un contexte où les principes de la laïcité ne s’appliquent pas.
Interdits alimentaires, religions, convivialité
Authors: Prudhomme Claude
Published: March 2017

La question des interdits alimentaires occupe une place croissante dans nos sociétés européennes sécularisées. Elle déborde le champ religieux avec l’émergence de revendications croissantes fondées sur des philosophies ou la préservation de la santé. Cependant l’influence des religions est la plus visible hier comme aujourd’hui. Après un retour à l’histoire et aux textes religieux fondateurs des principales religions, la contribution examine l’interprétation critique des sciences sociales et ses limites. Il cherche comment la laïcité constitue un cadre fécond pour réguler la multiplication des demandes dans le respect des droits individuels et le partage nécessaire de la table.
Dinamika razvoja slovenske orgelske krajine do nastopa cecilijanstva
Authors: Trček Marušič Katarina
Published: March 2017

Na ozemlju današnje Slovenije se je od prvih zametkov oglarstva v 15. stoletju pa vse do druge polovice 19. stoletja število orgel iz desetletja v desetletje večalo. Če so bile orgle v začetku 18. stoletja še redke, so v drugi polovici 19. stoletja postale nepogrešljiv tvorec bogoslužja. Z naraščanjem števila na novo izdelanih orgel se je povečevala tudi zavest o pomenu orgelske glasbe pri bogoslužju.
Po sledeh antifonala ljubljanske stolnice
Authors: Snoj Jurij
Published: March 2017

Med v Ljubljani hranjenimi fragmenti koralnih rokopisov so ostanki dvodelnega antifonala in psalterja, ki ju je izdelala ista roka. Rokopisi, ki so jim ti fragmenti pripadali, so sledili oglejskemu obredu; nastali so v drugi pol. 15. stol. (ali celo na začetku 16. stol.), se pravi v času, ko je kapitelj novoustanovljene ljubljanske škofije (1461) začel opravljati koralno bogoslužje. Uničeni so bili v drugi pol. 17. stol., ko je bil v ljubljanski škofiji stari oglejski obred zamenjan z rimskim. Z ozirom na to je zelo verjetno, da predstavljajo prvi antifonal in psalter ljubljanske škofije.
Les glaciers à l'épreuve du climat
Authors: Francou Bernard , Vincent Christian
Published: March 2017

Les glaciers de montagne ont connu ces dernières années un mouvement de repli marqué et rapide, qui fait craindre la disparition d'une partie d'entre eux d'ici quelques décennies. Cette évolution aura un impact sur la ressource en eau et sera à l'origine de risques naturels accrus. Ainsi, les glaciers font actuellement l'objet de nombreux travaux scientifiques, d'autant qu'ils sont parmi les meilleurs indicateurs pour évaluer les changements climatiques. Leur observation et la reconstitution de leurs fluctuations s'inscrivent au cœur des grands programmes de recherche sur le réchauffement de la planète.Offrir à un large public le bilan de ces recherches à travers un panorama complet de l'état des glaciers dans le monde, tel est l'objectif principal de cet ouvrage. La glace et les glaciers, mémoires des climats du passé, y sont resitués dans le temps long, depuis 10 000 ans, avec une attention particulière pour le Petit Âge Glaciaire (XIVe - XIXe siècle) et la période contemporaine, la mieux documentée. Les fluctuations glaciaires, liées aux variations climatiques, et qui sont peut-être aujourd'hui amplifiées par les activités humaines, sont passées au crible des connaissances actuelles. À tous ceux qui s'intéressent à l'avenir des glaciers et de l'environnement, ce livre apporte une expertise scientifique accessible et superbement illustrée.
Synthesis of Nanopowders of Magnesium Diboride by Magnesium Thermic Reduction under the Conditions of High Pressure of Argon
Authors: Alipbaev Amanbol , Fomenko Sergey , Mansurov Zulkhair , Abdulkarimova Roza , Zarko Vladimir
Published: March 2017

Magnesium diboride obtained from magnesium and boron oxide by magnesium-thermal reduction in SHS mode under the high-pressure inert gas (argon) was investigated. The effect of pressure of inert gas on the temperature of synthesis and the yield of final product (magnesium diboride) was determined. As energy additives were used powerful oxidizers - potassium chlorate salt (KClO3) and ammonium nitrate (KNO3) to increase the reactivity of the system Mg - B2O3. The composite material containing up to 20% of magnesium diboride phase was obtained. The acidic separation of final product from impurities was suggested. The microstructure and characteristic of particle size was defined. The products had a dense grain structure with a particle size 200-500 nm.
IL-24 Promotes Pseudomonas aeruginosa Keratitis in C57BL/6 Mouse Corneas
Authors: Ross Bing X. , Gao Nan , Cui Xinhan , Standiford Theodore J. , Xu Jianjiang , Yu Fu-shin X.
Published: March 2017

The aim of this study was to elucidate the expression and functions of IL-24 in C57BL/6 mouse corneas in response to Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. Among IL-20R cytokines, only IL-24 was induced at both mRNA and protein levels by infection at early time points. The upregulation of IL-24 was dampened by flagellin pretreatment, which protects the corneas from microbial infection. Time course studies revealed bimodal early and later peaks of IL-24 expression, a pattern shared with suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS)3 but not IL-1β or IL-6. Silencing of IL-24 enhanced S100A8/A9 expression and suppressed SOCS3, IL-1β, IL-1RN, and matrix metalloproteinase 13 expression at 6 h postinfection. Downregulation of the IL-24 signaling pathway significantly reduced the severity of keratitis, whereas rIL-24 exacerbated P. aeruginosa–mediated tissue destruction. In vitro, rIL-1β induced the expression of SOCS3, IL-24, IL-1β, and IL-6 in primary cultured human corneal epithelial cells. rIL-24, alternatively, stimulated the expression of SOCS3, but not the others. In conclusion, IL-24 promotes P. aeruginosa keratitis through the suppression of early protective mucosal immunity, culminating in increased severity of P. aeruginosa keratitis.
Literacy development of English language learners: The outcomes of an intervention programme in grade R
Authors: Olivier Anna-Mari , Anthonissen Christine , Southwood Frenette
Published: March 2017

This study aims to contribute to the knowledge base on the status and development of emergent literacy skills of learners receiving formal education in their second or additional language. The focus is on young English language learners (ELLs), i.e. learners whose home language is not English but who have English as their language of teaching and learning. This article reports on a study that investigated ELLs’ emergent literacy skills prior to entering grade 1 and then evaluated the effectiveness of an evidence-based stimulation programme on early literacy skills in the South African context. Using a quasi-experimental design, ELLs’ emergent literacy skills were assessed with an adapted version of 8 of the subtests of the Emergent Literacy Assessment battery (Willenberg, 2004) and were compared to those of English first language (L1) and of ELL control groups, both before and after the 8-week purpose-designed programme. While learners showed significant improvement on 6 of the 8 subtests, the programme did not significantly improve ELLs’ skills in comparison to those of the control groups. Possible independent variables contributing to the dearth of intervention effect include socio-economic status, learners’ L1, and teacher- and classroom-specific characteristics, all of which were considered in this study. Clinical implications for speech-language therapists with regard to assessment, intervention, service delivery and outcome measures are highlighted.
Communication after mild traumatic brain injury: A spouse's perspective
Authors: Crewe-Brown Samantha Jayne , Stipinovich Alexandra Maria , Zsilavecz Ursula
Published: March 2017

Individuals with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI) often perform within normal limits on linguistic and cognitive assessments. However, they may present with debilitating communicative difficulties in daily life. A multifaceted approach to MTBI with a focus on everyday communication in natural settings is required. Significant others who interact with the individual with MTBI in a variety of settings may be sensitive to communicative difficulties experienced by the individual with MTBI. This article examines communication after MTBI from the perspective of the spouse. A case study design was implemented. The spouses of two individuals with MTBI served as the participants for this study. Semi-structured interviews were held during which each participant was requested to describe the communication of their spouse with MTBI. The content obtained from the interviews was subjected to a discourse analysis. The results show that both participants perceived changes in the communication of their spouse following the MTBI. The results further show that MTBI impacted on the communication of the two individuals in different ways. The value of a significant other in providing information regarding communication in natural settings is highlighted. The implications of these findings for the assessment and management of the communication difficulties associated with MTBI is discussed.
'It’s not just the learner, it's the system!' Teachers’ perspectives on written language difficulties: Implications for speech-language therapy
Authors: Navsaria Indira , Pascoe Michelle , Kathard Harsha
Published: March 2017

The failure to achieve academic outcomes in linguistically diverse classrooms in poor areas of the Western Cape, South Africa, is well documented. A major contributing factor is the written language communication difficulties experienced in these classrooms. This paper describes the views of intermediate-phase teachers on why written language difficulties are experienced by learners and ways in which these difficulties might be overcome. A series of interviews were conducted with two class teachers in one urban school from which there had been a high number of referrals for speech-language therapy. The teachers were individually interviewed using an in-depth, semi-structured format. Teachers reported that 50 - 70% of learners in their classes were not meeting grade level academic outcomes. They were asked to explain the difficulties experienced with regard to written language, and the challenges and solutions linked to these. The findings suggest that there are barriers and opportunities at the school system, individual learner and home/social community levels. Major challenges identified at the school system level included limited training and lack of support for teachers, poor foundation skills in learners and difficulties with language. The current opportunities for the development of written language were insufficient and teachers identified further opportunities to promote the learners’ written language development. These included training and support for teachers, clear and consistent assessment guidelines, remedial assistance for learners and safe, nurturing home environments. There is a need to look beyond the learner as the site of the problem; a systemic approach is essential. In the light of these findings, suggestions are made for the role of the speech-language therapist.
Assessment of speech in neurological disorders: Development of a Swahili screening test
Authors: Miller Nick , Mshana Gerry , Msuya Oliva , Dotchin Catherine , Walker Richard , Aris Eric
Published: March 2017

Assessments for acquired motor-speech disorders that look at movements of the articulators would appear at first glance to be universal. This may be true for the most basic non-speech aspects of movement. We argue that assessments for speech motor control must be attuned to language-specific variables to be fully valid. We describe the rationale for, and development of a motor-speech-disorder screening test for Swahili speakers which includes impairment measures as well as measures of intelligibility and speech-voice naturalness. We further describe its initial validation in terms of content validity, feasibility of administration and scoring without requirements for lengthy training and technical expertise and application to groups of people with and without Parkinson’s disease in Tanzania. Results indicate that the protocol is ready to use in so far as it is acceptable to users (clinicians, patients), is feasible to use, shows good interrater reliability, and is capable of differentiating performance in healthy speakers and those whose speech is disordered. We highlight needs for further development, including issues around training, development of local norms for healthy speakers and for speakers with a variety of neurological disturbances, and extension of the tool to cover culturally valid assessment of impact of communication disorders.
Vocabulary used by ethno-linguistically diverse South African toddlers: A parent report using the Language Development Survey
Authors: Gonasillan Aurellia Shamaleni , Bornman Juan , Harty Michal
Published: March 2017

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to ascertain the relevance of the vocabulary of the Language Development Survey (LDS) for typically developing South African toddlers who attend ethno-linguistically diverse early childhood development centres.Rationale: The need for exploration of the expressive vocabulary of this population stems from the diverse linguistic contexts to which toddlers are exposed on a day-to-day basis in South Africa. Many parents prefer English as the language of learning and teaching for their child. As a result, toddlers interact with ethno-linguistically diverse peers from a young age, usually within their early childhood development centres.Method: An adapted version of the LDS was presented to 40 middle-class parents in Mpumalanga. Vocabulary commonly used by toddlers was determined and a comparison of parent responses made between the present study and the original American-based survey.Results: Results revealed that nouns were used most often by toddlers, in keeping with research on vocabulary acquisition. Significant correlations between the two groups were evident in 12 of the 14 categories. Parents reported that nouns, verbs, adjectives and words from other word classes were used similarly by toddlers, despite differences in their linguistic exposure.Conclusions: These findings suggest that the LDS is a valuable clinical screening tool for speech-language therapists who deliver services to toddlers within the South African context.
The effect of two different visual presentation modalities on the narratives of mainstream grade 3 children
Authors: Klop Daleen , Engelbrecht Lizanne
Published: March 2017

Objective: This study investigated whether a dynamic visual presentation method (a soundless animated video presentation) would elicit better narratives than a static visual presentation method (a wordless picture book).Method: Twenty mainstream grade 3 children were randomly assigned to two groups and assessed with one of the visual presentation methods. Narrative performance was measured in terms of micro- and macrostructure variables. Microstructure variables included productivity (total number of words, total number of T-units), syntactic complexity (mean length of T-unit) and lexical diversity measures (number of different words). Macrostructure variables included episodic structure in terms of goal-attempt-outcome (GAO) sequences.Results: Both visual presentation modalities elicited narratives of similar quantity and quality in terms of the micro- and macrostructure variables that were investigated.Conclusion: Animation of picture stimuli did not elicit better narratives than static picture stimuli.
Profile of foreign body ingestion and outcomes of endoscopic management in pediatric population
Authors: Balekuduru Avinash Bhat , Shetty Bhuvan , Dutta Amit , Subbaraj Satyaprakash Bonthala
Published: March 2017

Background: Foreign body (FB) ingestion is a frequent gastrointestinal emergency in pediatric population. Improvement in endoscopic techniques and equipment enables nonsurgical management in most situations. Recent data from India on pediatric FB ingestion have been lacking. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the profile and outcome after endoscopic management of patients <18 years of age presenting with FB ingestion. Patients and Methods: Records of all the children with FB ingestion who had undergone endoscopic removal at our institution during 5 years (2011–2016) were assessed retrospectively. The nature of FB ingested, and success and complication of endoscopic therapy were analyzed. Results: There were 150 pediatric endoscopies during the study period. Of this, 120 (80%) were for removal of ingested FB. Most common (MC) FB was coin (69%). The retrieved FBs were 83 coins, 13 batteries, 5 pins, 4 clips, 2 each of anklets, keys, marbles, and seeds, one each of spoon, blade, spanner, peanut, toe ring, and a pencil. One had trichobezoar. Esophagus was the MC site of location of FB (85/120). FB removal was successful by flexible endoscopy in 97.1%. Four (0.03%) cases were referred for rigid endoscopic/surgical removal by otolaryngologists/ pediatric surgeon. Except for one child developed bronchopneumonia, there was no morbidity or mortality in the study. Conclusion: Endoscopic removal of FB is a safe procedure with excellent outcomes in a specialized gastroenterology unit.
Stability of Traveling Wavefronts for a Two-Component Lattice Dynamical System Arising in Competition Models
Authors: Zhang Guo-Bao , Tian Ge
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we study a two-component Lotka–Volterra competition systemon a one-dimensional spatial lattice. By the comparison principle, together with the weighted energy, we prove that the traveling wavefronts with large speed are exponentially asymptotically stable, when the initial perturbation around the traveling wavefronts decays exponentially as j + ct → −∞, where j ∈ , t > 0, but the initial perturbation can be arbitrarily large on other locations. This partially answers an open problem by J.-S. Guo and C.-H.Wu.
A basis theorem for the affine oriented Brauer category and its cyclotomic quotients
Authors: Brundan Jonathan , Comes Jonathan , Nash David , Reynolds Andrew
Published: March 2017

The affine oriented Brauer category is a monoidal category obtained from the oriented Brauer category (= the free symmetric monoidal category generated by a single object and its dual) by adjoining a polynomial generator subject to appropriate relations. In this article, we prove a basis theorem for the morphism spaces in this category, as well as for all of its cyclotomic quotients.
Orbit Determination of KOMPSAT-1 and Cryosat-2 Satellites Using Optical Wide-field
Patrol Network (OWL-Net) Data with Batch Least Squares Filter
Authors: Lee Eunji , Park Sang-Young , Shin Bumjoon , Cho Sungki , Choi Eun-Jung , Jo Junghyun , Park Jang-Hyun
Published: March 2017

The optical wide-field patrol network (OWL-Net) is a Korean optical surveillance
system that tracks and monitors domestic satellites. In this study, a batch least
squares algorithm was developed for optical measurements and verified by Monte Carlo
simulation and covariance analysis. Potential error sources of OWL-Net, such as noise,
bias, and clock errors, were analyzed. There is a linear relation between the estimation
accuracy and the noise level, and the accuracy significantly depends on the declination
bias. In addition, the time-tagging error significantly degrades the observation
accuracy, while the time-synchronization offset corresponds to the orbital motion. The
Cartesian state vector and measurement bias were determined using the OWL-Net tracking
data of the KOMPSAT-1 and Cryosat-2 satellites. The comparison with known orbital
information based on two-line elements (TLE) and the consolidated prediction format
(CPF) shows that the orbit determination accuracy is similar to that of TLE.
Furthermore, the precision and accuracy of OWL-Net observation data were determined to
be tens of arcsec and sub-degree level, respectively.
Daylight Observations of Venus with Naked Eye in the Goryeosa
Authors: Lee Ki-Won
Published: March 2017

In this paper, we investigate the observations of Venus in daytime that are
recorded in the Goryeosa (History of the Goryeo Dynasty, A.D. 918-1392). There are a
total of 167 accounts of such observations in this historical book, spanning a period of
378 yr (from 1014 to 1392). These include six accounts where the days of the observation
are not specified and two accounts where the phase angles are outside the calculation
range of the equation used in our study. We analyze the number distribution of 164
accounts in 16 yr intervals covering the period from 1023 to 1391. We find that this
distribution shows its minimum at around 1232, when the Goryeo dynasty moved the capital
to the Ganghwa Island because of the Mongol invasion, and its maximum at around 1390,
about the time when the dynasty fell. In addition, we calculate the azimuth, altitude,
solar elongation, and apparent magnitude of Venus at sunset for 159 observations,
excluding the eight accounts mentioned above, using the DE 406 ephemeris and modern
astronomical algorithms. We find that the average elongation and magnitude of Venus on
the days of those accounts were ~40° and -4.5, respectively, whereas the minimum
magnitude was -3.8. The results of this study are useful for estimating the practical
conditions for observing Venus in daylight with the naked eye and they also provide
additional insight into the corresponding historical accounts contained in the Goryeosa.
A quantification method for heat-decomposable methylglyoxal oligomers and its application on 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene SOA
Authors: Rodigast Maria , Mutzel Anke , Herrmann Hartmut
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Methylglyoxal forms oligomeric compounds in the atmospheric aqueous particle phase, which could establish a significant contribution to the formation of aqueous secondary organic aerosol (aqSOA). Thus far, no suitable method for the quantification of methylglyoxal oligomers is available despite the great effort spent for structure elucidation. In the present study a simplified method was developed to quantify heat-decomposable methylglyoxal oligomers as a sum parameter. The method is based on the thermal decomposition of oligomers into methylglyoxal monomers. Formed methylglyoxal monomers were detected using PFBHA (o-(2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzyl)hydroxylamine hydrochloride) derivatisation and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis. The method development was focused on the heating time (varied between 15 and 48 h), pH during the heating process (pH  =  1–7), and heating temperature (50, 100 °C). The optimised values of these method parameters are presented. The developed method was applied to quantify heat-decomposable methylglyoxal oligomers formed during the OH-radical oxidation of 1,3,5-trimethylbenzene (TMB) in the Leipzig aerosol chamber (LEipziger AerosolKammer, LEAK). Oligomer formation was investigated as a function of seed particle acidity and relative humidity. A fraction of heat-decomposable methylglyoxal oligomers of up to 8 % in the produced organic particle mass was found, highlighting the importance of those oligomers formed solely by methylglyoxal for SOA formation. Overall, the present study provides a new and suitable method for quantification of heat-decomposable methylglyoxal oligomers in the aqueous particle phase.
Estimating trends in atmospheric water vapor and temperature time series over Germany
Authors: Alshawaf Fadwa , Balidakis Kyriakos , Dick Galina , Heise Stefan , Wickert Jens
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Ground-based GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) have efficiently been used since the 1990s as a meteorological observing system. Recently scientists used GNSS time series of precipitable water vapor (PWV) for climate research. In this work, we compare the temporal trends estimated from GNSS time series with those estimated from European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts Reanalysis (ERA-Interim) data and meteorological measurements. We aim at evaluating climate evolution in Germany by monitoring different atmospheric variables such as temperature and PWV. PWV time series were obtained by three methods: 1) estimated from ground-based GNSS observations using the method of precise point positioning, 2) inferred from ERA-Interim reanalysis data, and 3) determined based on daily in situ measurements of temperature and relative humidity. The other relevant atmospheric parameters are available from surface measurements of meteorological stations or derived from ERA-Interim. The trends are estimated using two methods, the first applies least squares to seasonally-adjusted time series and the second using the Theil-Sen estimator. The trends estimated at 113 GNSS sites, with 10 and 19 year temporal coverage, varies between −1.5 and 2 mm/decade with standard deviations below 0.25 mm/decade. These values depend on the length and the variations of the time series. Therefore, we estimated the PWV trends using ERA-Interim and surface measurements spanning from 1991 to 2016 (26 years) at synoptic 227 stations over Germany. The former shows positive PWV trends below 0.5 mm/decade while the latter shows positive trends below 0.9 mm/decade with standard deviations below 0.03 mm/decade. The estimated PWV trends correlate with the temperature trends.
Modeling and Clustering Water Demand Patterns from Real-World Smart Meter Data
Authors: Cheifetz Nicolas , Noumir Zineb , Samé Allou , Sandraz Anne-Claire , Féliers Cédric , Heim Véronique
Published: March 2017

Abstract. Nowadays, drinking water utilities need an acute comprehension of the water demand on their distribution network, in order to efficiently operate the optimization of resources, the management of billing and to propose new customer services. With the emergence of smart grids, based on Automated Meter Reading (AMR), a better understanding of the consumption modes is now accessible for smart cities with more granularities. In this context, this paper evaluates a novel methodology for identifying relevant usage profiles from the water consumption data produced by smart meters. The methodology is fully data-driven using the consumption time series which are seen as functions or curves observed with an hourly time step. First, a Fourier-based additive time series decomposition model is introduced to extract seasonal patterns from time series. These patterns are intended to represent the customer habits in terms of water consumption. Two functional clustering approaches are then used to classify the extracted seasonal patterns: the functional version of K-means, and the Fourier REgression Mixture (FReMix) model. The K-means approach produces a hard segmentation and K representative prototypes. On the other hand, the FReMix is a generative model and produces also K profiles as well as a soft segmentation based on the posterior probabilities. The proposed approach is applied to a smart grid deployed on the largest Water Distribution Network (WDN) in France. The two clustering strategies are evaluated and compared. Finally, a realistic interpretation of the consumption habits is given for each cluster. The extensive experiments and the qualitative interpretation of the resulting clusters allow to highlight the effectiveness of the proposed methodology.