bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The new-type batteries with ultimate energy density
Authors: He Ming , Wang Maoxun , Wang Zerui
Published: April 2022

In recent years, many countries have made plans for the development of electric vehicles. In 2021, the EU announced a plan to completely stop the sale of fuel cars by 2035 and replace all fuel cars with pure electric vehicles, reducing the carbon emissions to 100%. This is the most radical emissions reduction plan in history, and it means that the era of pure electric cars has officially arrived. The limited energy density of lithium-ion batteries currently used in cars has hampered the development of electric vehicle mileage. To meet the demand for electric vehicles, the development and research of high energy density batteries are urgent. Based on a review of the current literature, this paper summarizes the development history, working principles, current challenges and solutions of the solid-state battery, lithium-air batteries and nuclear batteries. The current dilemma for solid-state batteries is the lack of a suitable solid electrolyte, which is needed to possess high ionic conductivity of above 10 (mS/cm) at room temperature and negligible electronic conductivity with a high ionic transference number wide electrochemical stability windows. Lithium-air batteries have low power density, battery energy attenuation, and high safety performance. The research and application of nuclear batteries are more difficult, including low energy conversion rate and health problem. The result provides some guidance to researchers initially involved in the high energy density battery industry.
Application of Duval Pentagon in State Diagnosis of On Load Tap Changer
Authors: Yue Yunkai , Yang Dingqian , Han Dandan
Published: April 2022

A comparative analysis on the effect of two DGA methods, Duval Pentagon and Duval triangle, in identifying abnormal OLTC was carried out. The corresponding area of Duval Pentagon corresponding to the normal state of OLTC was determined, and Duval Pentagon was used to judge the OLTC of UHV converter transformer. The results show that the Duval Pentagon can identify the normal and abnormal states of on load tap changers. More than 95.5% of the on load tap changers are in the low energy discharge area numbered D1. The identification results of 245 on load tap changer states show that the accuracy of normal state of Duval Pentagon is higher than that of Duval triangle, which can be used as an auxiliary criterion for on load tap changer state diagnosis.
Design optimization and numerical verification of adaptive composite blades for hydro-turbine
Authors: Fang Liang , Xu Xiaogang , Li Qiang , Wang Zhenbo
Published: April 2022

In this paper, an adaptive composite blade is designed based on the composite mechanics and bending torsion coupling theory, and the blade structure is optimized by a multi-parameter and multi-objective optimization method. Furthermore, the dynamic interaction between the flow and structure domain during the bend-twist coupling process was also studied by the two-way fluid-structure coupling method to verify the hydrodynamic performance and structural performance of the optimized blade. The results show that the multi-parameter and multi-objective optimization method is suitable for the design of composite blades. The optimized blade has better hydrodynamic performance and structural performance, manifesting a higher energy utilization and less concentrated stress.
Numerical Simulation Research on Cable Fire of Urban Underground Comprehensive Pipe Gallery Using Suffocating Fire Extinguishing Method
Authors: Zhang CongWu , Li QuanYang , Zhang LiJing , Tao Gang
Published: April 2022

The integrated pipe corridor cable is the lifeblood of urban power transmission and has a high fire hazard. Once a fire breaks out, the electricity supply of the entire city will be paralyzed. Aiming at the cable fire in the urban underground integrated pipe gallery and combining with the Pyrosim software, this paper adopts the method of fire suffocation, to study the changes of fire smoke in the pipe gallery. The results show that in the pipe gallery of the 200m fire compartment, the open flame can be completely extinguished in 264s under the simulated working condition of the fire source power of 1MW. At 300s after the cable fire, the temperature in the pipe gallery basically maintained a stable state of 40°C. After the fire broke out, the O2 concentration dropped rapidly and plunged to 16% within 195s and it was completely consumed in 515s. Studies have shown that the use of suffocation to extinguish fires produces less fire smoke in the pipe gallery, and the visibility can be well maintained above 30m.
Flame synchronization and flow field analysis of double candles
Authors: Hao Guancheng , Pang Bowen , Zhang Qilin , Cui Fei , Sun Sijia , Liu Shuo
Published: April 2022

Flame instability is an interesting topic in combustion science, and it is also of great practical significance for designing high-performance burners. In recent years, the synchronization phenomenon caused by a pair of coupled candles has aroused widespread attention, among which in-phase and anti-phase are two notable examples. In order to understand the flow structure of the flashing flame and the reasons for the synchronization of the flame oscillator, COMSOL flow field analysis technology and MATLAB grey analysis technology were used to analyze the flow field of candles in three combustion states and the change of candle combustion state respectively. By analyzing the flow structure of flashing flame, the reasons of different burning states of candles are explained. Moreover, the experimental and numerical simulation results show that the in-phase mode is characterized by the symmetrical formation of vortex concerning the centerline of two groups of flames, and the flames are vertically stretched under the vortex action. The characteristic of the anti-phase mode is that the vortex alternately forms asymmetrically concerning the centerline of two groups of flames, and the non-uniformity and asymmetry of the vortex lead to the instability of the flame surface. The characteristic of the incoherent mode is that the vortices generated by the two candle groups no longer act on each other, and the airflow field between the two candle groups remains approximately unchanged.
Short-term power generation load forecasting based on LSTM neural network
Authors: Huang Bicheng , Tong Langxing , Zuo Yu
Published: April 2022

With the gradual deepening of power market reform, power generation enterprises’ prediction of their future short-term power generation load is conducive to affecting the load distribution of power grid dispatching to power generation enterprises, so as to achieve the purpose of power marketing. In this regard, this paper proposes a power generation load forecasting method based on long and short-term memory (LSTM) neural network, which takes the power generation load sequence data as the model input to predict the future short-term power generation load of power generation enterprises, and proves that compared with the traditional Neural network method, LSTM neural network has higher prediction accuracy.
Quantitative evaluation method of load side flexibility for industrial park
Authors: Cui Jia , Duan Chonggang , Wang Hao , Yan Xinyue , Si Jichao , Li Zhimin , Gao Mingze
Published: April 2022

In view of the researches on the quantitative evaluation methods systems for load side flexibility, the evaluation methods using matter-element extension and setting pair analysis usually qualitative analysis the flexibility of load only. At present, they do not quantify the flexibility of each load. Thus, firstly, according to the factors affecting the load flexibility of industrial parks, this paper selects 10 indicators from four aspects to form an index system to evaluate the load flexibility of industrial parks. Secondly, considering the correlation between indicators, the grey correlation matrix is proposed to improve the entropy weight method for the first time. Thirdly, in order to eliminate the influence of human subjective factors, the coupling method of analytic hierarchy process and improved entropy weight method is used to determine the weight of indicators. Finally, in order to overcome the shortcomings of the traditional TOPSIS method, an improved set pair analysis (SPA) based on grey entropy and TOPSIS coupling method is proposed to quantify the load flexibility of industrial parks.
Research on hydrogen energy storage capacity model based on Genetic Algorithm in new power system
Authors: Li Zhongxuan , Zhang Wang , Li Guowen , Wang Yongli , Wang Huan , Guo Lu
Published: April 2022

In order to promote China’s energy revolution and realize China’s energy transformation, green and low-carbon energy development and comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development are the keys. Among them, the development of hydrogen energy has great influence and significance on energy saving, emission reduction, deep decarbonization and improvement of utilization efficiency. For the power industry, it is necessary to build a new power system with new energy as the main body. Under this system, this paper establishes a hydrogen energy storage planning model by studying the application scenarios of new energy sources, and uses genetic algorithm to solve it. Finally, a case study proves the rationality of this planning model for hydrogen energy storage planning research, and provides theoretical support and decision-making basis for large-scale investment and operation of similar systems in the future.
Sulfur isotopes reveal agricultural changes to the modern sulfur cycle
Authors: Hermes Anna L , Dawson Todd E , Hinckley Eve-Lyn S
Published: April 2022

The environmental fates and consequences of intensive sulfur (S) applications to croplands are largely unknown. In this study, we used S stable isotopes to identify and trace agricultural S from field-to-watershed scales, an initial and timely step toward constraining the modern S cycle. We conducted our research within the Napa River Watershed, California, US, where vineyards receive frequent fungicidal S sprays. We measured soil and surface water sulfate concentrations ([SO4
2−]) and stable isotopes (δ
34S–SO4
2−), which we refer to in combination as the ‘S fingerprint’. We compared samples collected from vineyards and surrounding forests/grasslands, which receive background atmospheric and geologic S sources. Vineyard δ
34S–SO4
2− values were 9.9 ± 5.9‰ (median ± interquartile range), enriched by ∼10‰ relative to forests/grasslands (−0.28 ± 5.7‰). Vineyards also had roughly three-fold higher [SO4
2−] than forests/grasslands (13.6 and 5.0 mg SO4
2−–S l−1, respectively). Napa River δ
34S–SO4
2− values, reflecting the watershed scale, were similar to those from vineyards (10.5 ± 7.0‰), despite vineyard agriculture constituting only ∼11% of the watershed area. Combined, our results provide important evidence that agricultural S is traceable at field-to-watershed scales, a critical step toward determining the consequences of agricultural alterations to the modern S cycle.
Contradictory distributive principles and land tenure govern benefit-sharing of payments for ecosystem services (PES) in Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Izquierdo-Tort Santiago , Corbera Esteve , Martin Adrian , Lillo Julia Carabias , Dupras Jérôme
Published: April 2022

Payments for Ecosystem Services (PES) are incentive-based instruments that provide conditional economic incentives for natural resources management. Research has shown that when economic incentives are parachuted into rural communities, participation and benefits are collectively negotiated and shared. However, we know little about how benefit-sharing evolves over time in community-based PES. To address this gap, we examine distributional justice in four communities of the state of Chiapas, Mexico, which participate in a PES programme, and we assess how local justice principles compare with the programme’s goals. Our analysis reveals patterns of both continuity and change in how communities share PES benefits, which reflect a suite of contradictory justice principles, including entitlement, merit, need, and equality. The studied communities distribute PES benefits by providing differentiated compensation to diverse groups of landholders via private cash payments, whilst also attending non-landed community members through public infrastructure investments. We show that benefit-sharing is strongly influenced by pre-existing land tenure features and associated norms, which in the study area include three different types of individual and common-property. Yet, we also show that communities continuously adjust benefit-sharing arrangements to navigate distributional challenges emerging from programme engagement. Overall, we provide novel insights on the evolution, diversity, and complexity of distributive justice in community-based PES and we advocate for a context-sensitive, nuanced, and dynamic account of justice in incentive-based conservation.
Characteristics of the Geological Tourism Resources in Hainan Island, China
Authors: Wang Q J , Li Z C , Chen Y
Published: April 2022

In order to deep mine Hainan geological tourism resources, based on remote sensing, geology, geography and field investigation, a Hainan geological tourism resources evaluation method was established, which included data collection, data preprocessing, geological tourism monomers extraction using remote sensing imageries. According to the national standard of classification, investigation and evaluation of tourism resources (GB/T18972-2003), 146 geological tourism monomers in Hainan Island were firstly evaluated. The results showed that there were 13 geological tourism resource types in Hainan Island with the characteristics of large quantity, high quality, long travel time and convenient transportation. Finally, the future development of Hainan geological tourism was sugessted to further strengthen on the geological environment stability to provide references for geological tourism economy development in Hainan Island.
Soil erosion dynamic monitoring in the Northeast Inner Mongolia of China from 1978 to 2018
Authors: Jiang Wei , Pang Zhiguo , Qin Xiangdong , Ju Hongrun , Xiaohui Ding , Li Lin , Fu June , Li Hao , Lu Jingxuan , Feng Tianshi
Published: April 2022

The black soil area in Northeast Inner Mongolia is an important ecological barrier and food production base in China and the soil erosion is a key risk factor in regional ecological security and sustainable development. Multi-source satellite remote sensing and auxiliary data, including meteorology, land use, vegetation coverage and digital elevation were collected to establish a distributed model of soil erosion. Then, the quantitative analysis of soil erosion in the Northeast Inner Mongolia from 1978 to 2018 was carried out. The results show the following: (1) the areas of soil erosion in 1978 and 2018 were 203,538 km2 and 102,886 km2 respectively, and the area of soil erosion was decreased by 100,653 km2. The decreased of soil erosion was mainly located in the Songliao Plain Sand Prevention Farmland Protection Zone; (2) wind erosion is the main erosion type in the Northeast Inner Mongolia. Wind erosion area decreased from 188,982 km2 in 1978 to 88,466 km2 in 2018, and water erosion area decreased from 14,556 km2 in 1978 to 14,420 km2 in 2018.(3) the intensity of soil erosion is mainly mild. The area change rates of mild, moderate, strong, intensive and severe soil erosion intensity are -48.91%, -41.41%, 32.63%, -91.15% and -91.14% respectively. This study demonstrated how to use multi-source remote sensing technology to explore the long term series soil erosion dynamic monitoring and provided support for decision-making and management of soil erosion in Northeast Inner Mongolia under the background of sustainable development.
Spatiotemporal variation patterns and aggregation of crop residue burning at county scale in Northeast China
Authors: Wang Yi , Guo Xiaoyi
Published: April 2022

Crop residue burning (CRB) has been a major environmental concern in key agricultural regions of China. To reveal spatiotemporal patterns of CRB events, a county-level assessment in Northeast China was conducted using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) thermal anomalies and land cover data. The results revealed that cropland fire occurrence increased significantly from 2003 to 2019, and annual CRB occurrence from 2014 to 2019 was significantly higher than that from 2003 to 2013. The majority of detected CRB events occurred in spring and autumn, accounting for 58.50% and 28.98% of the total cropland fires, respectively. The time scan statistics showed that CRB events lasted for approximately 40 days each year and were more severe in spring than autumn. The number of cropland fires monitored by Terra and Aqua satellites was relatively more balanced, accounting for 49.74% and 50.26% of the total, respectively, indicating that farmers may intentionally burn crop residue at night. The counties with higher CRB intensity were mainly in the Songnen Plain, Sanjiang Plain, and along the main stream of the Liaohe River. The Moran’s I value of 0.054 to 0.452 for CRB intensity demonstrated a strong spatial autocorrelation at the county level. The local autocorrelation Getis-Ord

G
i
*

showed 86 counties with significant hot spots and 91 counties with significant cold spots. The county-level temporal and spatial patterns of CRB events may be the results of policies and socio-economic conditions. This study could provide support for identifying the influencing factors of CRB and offer suggestions for crop residue management practices in this agriculture-dominant region.
Dynamic Monitoring and Analysis of Ecological Environment in the Coastal Tourist Destinations of Sanya City, Hainan
Authors: Li Zhichao , Xie Jingjing , Yang Jingyi , Chang Dingkun
Published: April 2022

Taking the Sanya Bay as the study area, based on the remote sensing images of Gaofen-2 in 2015, 2017, 2019 and 2020, this paper extracted 7 land use types of Sanya Bay. The main objectives of this paper includes: (1) Applying the theory of landscape ecology to calculate the landscape fragmentation and disturbance intensity in order to indicate the ecological changes in the study area; (2) Analysing the impact of landscape changes on the surroundings areas driven by the diversity of land use and perform the “Dynamic Monitoring and Analysis Technology for the Ecological Environment of Coastal Tourism Regions”. In which to monitor the dynamics of the ecological environment in the area of research. The results showed that the quality of the ecological environment in the study area changed dynamically with the construction of tourism sites: from year 2015 to 2017, due to a large number of construction, the ecological environment deteriorated to a certain extent; From 2017 to 2020, with the suspension of construction and environment restoration work, the quality of the ecological environment in the study area improved. Technology established in this paper provides a reference for the dynamic monitoring of the ecological environment in the coastal tourist area.
A Decision Support System for Marine Regulation
Authors: Linchong Kang , Xiaoyi Jiang , Longfei Zhao , Yi Wang , Long He , Xue Guo , Haiyan Huang
Published: April 2022

The implementation of marine spatial data management and decision support based on GIS provides a powerful tool for marine regulation. This study constructed a three-dimensional spatiotemporal data model of marine resources that is hierarchical, partitioned, and classified according to the management principle of using an underground resource layer, surface matrix layer, surface overburden layer, and management layer, taking the marine resource entity as the unit. Key research topics include marine multi-source information integration, visual expression, and spatiotemporal topology analysis for typical application scenarios such as sea area use, island development and utilization, and marine environmental monitoring and protection. The study developed a marine information decision support system with comprehensive integration and visual analysis of information on maritime islands, early warning and monitoring, the marine economy, and the marine environment. The system was applied to dynamic regulation of sea area use, spatiotemporal characteristic analysis of marine resources, the regulation of human activities in marine protected areas, and the monitoring of sea level rise. Practice has proved that a three-dimensional spatiotemporal data model of marine resources can meet the application requirements of “One Map”, the basic land and spatial information platform.
Global distribution of the cold-water coral Lophelia pertusa
Authors: Tong R , Davies A J , Purser A , Liu X , Liu F
Published: April 2022

Lophelia pertusa plays an important role as a major contributor to many cold-water coral reefs, supporting a high diversity of associated benthic and benthopelagic species. Due to the high sensitivity of L. pertusa to human activity, it has been classified as indicator species for Vulnerable Marine Ecosystems. However, the global spatial distribution of L. pertusa is far from well known. In this study, a database of L. pertusa presence data was compiled derived from the large number of L. pertusa occurrence records appearing in recent years. In conjunction with data layers covering a range of environmental drivers, habitat suitability for L. pertusa was predicted using the Random Forest approach. Suitable habitat for L. pertusa was predicted to occur primarily on continental margins, with the most suitable habitat likely to occur in the North East Atlantic and South Eastern United States of America. Aragonite saturation state, temperature and salinity were identified as the most important contributors to the habitat suitability model. Given the high vulnerability of reef-forming cold-water corals to anthropogenic impacts, habitat suitability models are critical in developing worldwide conservation and management strategies for biodiverse and biomass rich cold-water coral ecosystems.
A Two-dimensional Attitude Steering Method to Compensate for the Doppler Centroid in Moon-based SAR
Authors: Chen G Q , Ding Y X , Lv M Y , Guo H D , Wu J
Published: April 2022

The rising attention to Moon-based Earth observation provides a new way to monitor Earth. Among Moon-based detectors, the SAR method has the advantage of long-term, stable, unique observations compared to space-borne SAR. Unlike space-borne SAR, however, the complicated relative motion of a Moon-based sensor makes its Doppler centroid estimation more difficult. This paper proposes a method for two-dimensional attitude steering to compensate for the Doppler centroid of Moon-based SAR. In the periodic movement between Earth and the Moon, the track speed of sites distributed around the near side of the Moon are almost perpendicular to vectors from the sites to the Earth centroid. This situation indicates the feasibility of attitude steering to guide antennas into a zero Doppler plane intersecting Earth’s surface. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for two-dimensional attitude steering to compensate the Doppler centroid to zero. In this method, the Moon is no longer deemed as a point but a natural celestial body with an average radius. Sites distributed around the hemisphere of the near side are also considered separately because of differences in spatial position and speed. Through the proposed method, the pointing of SAR antennas will be steered to a place on Earth where the Doppler centroid is compensated to zero. The JPL DE430 and EOP data are closer to reality and are used for accurate simulation. In this paper, the twodimensional attitude steering method is compared with no attitude steering and a onedimensional attitude steering method, and the results show its effectiveness.
Multi-view imaging simulation of a space born TDI CCD camera and a 3D geometric reconstruction estimate
Authors: Qingxing Yue
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes a multi-view imaging simulation method for a space-born TDI CCD camera, focusing on the integral time and satellite attitude calculation method of a TDI CCD camera when the imaging target is far away from the nadir point. The accuracy of the calculation method was verified by a target imaging simulation. Furthermore, a multiview stereo imaging simulation of a single camera was realized. Based on the high-precision three-dimensional (3D) building model and the simulation method, the simulation image was generated under various side swing angles and 3D angles. The generated building point cloud data was based on the belief propagation and graph-cuts stereo matching methods. Finally, we evaluated the impact of the side-view angle and stereo angle on the 3D reconstruction effects of the overall area and building façade based on the effective point percentage, root mean square, NMAD, and LE90.
Image enhancement method for visual localization and mapping in complex light scenarios
Authors: Jia Shoujun , Liu Chun , Wu Hangbin , Chen Chen
Published: April 2022

Visual localization and mapping have received considerable attention in the fields of computer vision, photogrammetry, and remote sensing. Image matching is key to visual localization and mapping. However, light is complex and uneven in real scenarios, creating difficulties in feature extraction and matching. Hence, feature mismatch and loss reduce the efficiency, accuracy, and robustness of visual localization and mapping. We developed a visual localization and mapping method for complex light scenarios based on image enhancement. Starting with initial images, the irradiance and reflectance components were separated based on logarithmic transformation. Our method strengthened high-frequency components and restrained low-frequency components with improved homomorphic filtering, restraining the light component and enhancing the important reflection component. The SIFT algorithm was used for feature detection and matching. The proposed method was tested on images with uneven light captured using a stereo vision camera in an indoor environment, focusing on visual localization and mapping. The experimental results emphasized that the method improved the rate of image localization and number of point clouds, as well as the reprojection error, which ranged from 0.85 to 0.82 on average. Thus, the proposed method is robust rather than probabilistic for improving visual localization and mapping under complex light conditions.
GeoMapViz: a framework for distributed management and geospatial data visualization based on massive spatiotemporal data streams
Authors: Xu Qi , Xiang Longgang , Wang Haocheng , Guan Xuefeng , Wu Huayi
Published: April 2022

Spatiotemporal big data have multisource, heterogeneous, high-dimensional and spatiotemporal associations. Due to the limited computing and network resources, while the spatiotemporal data to be rendered are large and dynamic, efficient visual analysis has always been a popular topic and has had difficulty in the research of spatiotemporal big data. As one of the important means of big data visualization, thermal maps play an important role in expressing data flow, information flow, and trajectory flow. At the same time, the development of a distributed computing framework also provides technical support for the online calculation and visualization of spatiotemporal data streams. In response to the above problems, this paper designs and implements GeoMapViz, a distributed management based on massive spatiotemporal data streams and a multiscale geographic spatial visualization framework, which is oriented by the expression of thermal maps of massive point datasets. First, based on the concept of the tile pyramid model and spatiotemporal cube, we propose a thermal map sequential tile pyramid (TS_Tile) model, which realizes scalable storage and efficient retrieval of data flow. GeoMapViz adopts a high-performance Flink stream computing cluster to implement the large-scale parallel construction of hierarchical tile pyramids, implements distributed storage and index construction of data based on HBase and Geomesa, and uses Geoserver to manage the map service to provide a spatiotemporal range query interface. Finally, through using an open dataset as a system simulation test, the results show that the TS_Tile model can effectively organize large-scale, time-space and multidimensional thermal map data, and the query and visualization of the heatmap can reach a subsecond response. Furthermore, GeoMapViz supports the integration of the thermal map and original flow and provides a feasible solution for the visual analysis of large-scale spatiotemporal data.
Exploring spatial entropy in the analysis of landscape pattern and ecological sustainability in watershed ecosystem
Authors: Liu X T , Zhao H R
Published: April 2022

Ecological sustainability research from the perspective of entropy has received extensive attention in recent years. Spatial entropy (
Hs

) is a new form of spatial heterogeneity analysis tool that applies entropy to distinguish and characterize different landscape patterns. In order to further explore the heterogeneity expression and ecological implication of
Hs

in the analysis of watershed ecosystem, this research takes Yanhe watershed as the study area. Based on the land use data of years 2000, 2010, and 2020,
Hs

in combination with 10 landscape metrics was applied for the study of landscape pattern and ecological sustainability. The results showed that: 1)
Hs

is correlated with landscape richness, aggregation and shape complexity, and it reflects the comprehensive heterogeneity information with high sensitivity to landscape variations, and also describes ecosystem stability with negative correlation; 2) The value of
Hs

showed a gradual increase from upstream to downstream in Yanhe watershed, and it dropped as a whole during the 20 years; 3) The stability of this basin from 2010 to 2020 had a greater variation range compared with the previous ten years, and the regions with large variation were mainly distributed in the midstream and downstream areas.
Development of standards for liquid hydrogen in China
Authors: Yang Yanmei , Lin Ling , Bao Wei
Published: April 2022

Liquid hydrogen is important to long distance hydrogen transportation and development of heavy-duty vehicles, etc. China starts to deploy liquid hydrogen since 2020. To support the development of liquid hydrogen, three national standards for liquid hydrogen have been published. In this paper, national standards for liquid hydrogen specification, production, storage and transportation, and hydrogen fueling station are reviewed. Compared to USA, standards for liquid hydrogen in China are insufficient. It is important to establish a complete standard system for liquid hydrogen to better support the commercial, safe use of liquid hydrogen.
Analysis of Reactive Nitrogen Emissions from Maize Ethanol Production Based on the DNDC Model
Authors: Yu Shujie , Yue Wencong
Published: April 2022

Agricultural system is an important source of reactive nitrogen (Nr) emissions. In this study, DNDC model was established for analyzing Nr emissions in maize planting and maize ethanol production under climate change scenarios (i.e., RCPs 4.5 and 8.5). The DNDC model was applied in maize fields of Shandong Province. The Nr emissions in 2025 and 2030 under the RCPs 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios would range from 2869.24 to 2969.18 kg N/ha. An inventory of Nr emissions in maize ethanol production was obtained in this study. The results showed that compared with maize planting in other cities, maize fields in Linyi would release the biggest amount of N2O and NO, as well as the smallest amount of NH3. The study can support decision making for Nr emissions reduction in agricultural systems.
Promotion of Nanotechnology for Properties of Anode Materials in Li-ion Batteries
Authors: Gu Rui
Published: April 2022

In recent years, the lithium-ion battery has been considered as one of the most potential energy storage technologies. At present, with the promotion of various electronic products (such as mobile phones, computers, cameras, etc.) and the popularity of electric vehicles, the requirements for battery performance have been further enhanced. In the research of enhancing battery performance, the improvement of electrode material is the most important aspect. For the traditional carbon anode materials, its performance cannot meet the needs of the next-generation lithium-ion batteries. Therefore, it is urgent to find new generation anode materials with a high specific capacity, high power, high safety, high cycle performance, and low cost. Among many improved methods of anode materials, nanotechnology is often considered. It has a significant effect on improving the cycle life, rate performance, and safety of batteries. This paper will mainly discuss three promising anode materials (silicon, lithium titanate, and transition metal oxides) and their improvement methods based on nanotechnology, including the current research progress, advantages, and disadvantages.
Progress study on the development of lithium-sulfur batteries
Authors: Han Weixuan , Li Zheya , Wang Rizhou
Published: April 2022

With the rapid development of the new energy industry in recent years, the demand for lithium batteries is very urgent, and at the same time, the requirements for the performance of lithium batteries are getting higher and higher. Lithium-sulfur batteries, as a very competitive lithium battery, can reach as much as five times the energy density of traditional lithium batteries. However, due to various limitations in the reaction process, Li-S batteries also need to undergo various performance improvements to improve the efficiency of Li-S batteries and industrial applications. This paper introduces the advantages and disadvantages of lithium-sulfur batteries as well as future challenges. It also introduces the recent developments in lithium-sulfur batteries from three different aspects, i.e., material modification, structure-based modifications, and discussion from the perspective of electrolyte additives.
Possibility of Building an Electric Plane: Starting from Existing Designed Models
Authors: Zhang Yijun
Published: April 2022

Entering the 21st century, searches for alternative energy have become more and more significant to mitigate the gradual deterioration of the environment and the dearth of fossil fuels such as petroleum. As a result, plenty of scientists start resorting to electricity, one kind of clean energy produced by natural power like wind and water. Electricity has recently been applied to vehicles after decades of research, and the technology of the application doesn’t stop progressing. However, the application on vehicles is not just a destination but a starting point for electric aircraft. Nowadays, the research of electric aircraft has been started by several companies. This review begins with the rapid development of new energies, summarizes current existing models of electric aircraft from Airbus, Boeing, and other companies and agencies, considers the possibility of electric aircraft, and provides the prospect of building an electric aircraft in the future. The review concludes that while building electric airplanes is possible, and the size is restricted to be small enough due to the restriction of the energy density of the battery.
Analysis of the social impact of heat engine and its future application
Authors: Ke Zhenying , Xu Yang , Guo Zihao
Published: April 2022

This paper aims to evaluate the social impact of the heat engine and analyze the application of heat engines in the future. This paper starts with some background information on heat engines and the challenges of gas pollution and gas shortage. The concepts of efficiency and environmental friendliness of the heat engine are widely discussed, which speeds up the development of several kinds of heat engines. We discuss the application of heat engines in different industries from three main aspects: agriculture, marine engine, and aviation. They improve our daily life and provide the required energy to the community. Thermoacoustic Heat Engine (TAHE), Liquid Air Cycle Engines (LACE), and a new class of Heat engine without the expulsion of reaction mass are introduced in this paper. Furthermore, the article will cover some futures. One is artificial intelligence, and another one is about biofuel, which helps heat engines to have higher efficiency and less pollution, and also how heat engines are involved in the next decade.
Hydrogen production, storage, and transportation and grid line support application
Authors: Zhou Jiadiao
Published: April 2022

The clean energy demand worldwide has increased significantly with the increase in population. One of the most potential candidates to fulfill the energy requirements is renewable resources, and the most environmentally friendly fuel is hydrogen. This study concentrates on hydrogen technology and introduces its production, storage, transportation, and gridline support application. Results show that methane steam reforming and electrolysis of water are common hydrogen production methods. The electrolysis of water technique can be close to renewable energy source because of device simplicity. In addition, produced hydrogen gases or liquid are stored in natural sites such as salt caverns or vessels made of metals, polymers, and composites. The composite hydrogen vessel benefits from light weight and high-pressure limit for movable storage such as transportation, while the low-cost metal container fits the purpose of stationary storage. The fuel cell can power electric motors for busses and cars without a carbon footprint by burning hydrogen gases. Finally, the physical storage of hydrogen gases or liquid can have high scalability to store seasonal fluctuation of renewable energy to gridline.
Analysis models for China's carbon trading market: comparison and outlook
Authors: Duan Chener , Mi Yiran , Lan Ziye
Published: April 2022

At the national and international levels, human-induced climate change has become a significant political concern, with the large rise in carbon dioxide concentration being a pressing issue that must be addressed. Carbon trading has shown to be one of the most successful strategies to accomplish energy saving and emission reduction as a flexible tool for dealing with climate change. As the nation with the highest carbon emissions today, China’s research on its carbon trading market has a guiding significance to the globe. The study findings of different models focusing on carbon trading markets are presented from three aspects: carbon emission reduction efficiency, carbon market efficiency, and internal information change trends in the carbon market. The results show that the efficiency of China’s pilot carbon market is currently poor, with just a mediocre efficiency attained. The existing carbon market’s key issues are its low transaction volume and weak market liquidity. Based on the comprehensive review of and comparison among existing models studying the carbon trading market, we proposed plausible suggestions for future research directions and development methods of the carbon trading market, including the utilization of carbon tax, improved market transparency, and government oversight.
Research on declaration strategy of virtual power plant spot market considering transaction price risk
Authors: He Jie , Luo Xi , Zhao Wen
Published: April 2022

In order to control the risk of power spot market price fluctuation on the operation benefit of virtual power plant, the transaction risk of virtual power plant operator is studied, and the virtual power plant declaration strategy considering spot transaction risk is proposed. The fluctuation of spot market price may cause the profit change or even loss of virtual power plant. According to the expectation of market price fluctuation, the expected risk constraint of virtual power plant based on conditional value at risk is established to ensure that the transaction risk of virtual power plant declaration strategy is within its tolerable range. On this basis, a virtual power plant spot market declaration strategy model considering transaction price risk is proposed. The model optimizes the maximum expected return and considers the constraints including expected risk constraints. Finally, an example is constructed based on the actual data of a virtual power plant to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Feasibility Invetigation of Several Hydrogen Generation & Storage Methods
Authors: Jiang Zhengtong
Published: April 2022

Sustainable development has always been one of the main agendas of countries all over the world, where energy issue is always a significant part of sustainable development. Finding a clean and sustainable energy to replace highly polluting and nonrenewable energy (e.g., fossil fuel) is one of the main goals of sustainable development. As a clean, safe, efficient energy with a wide range of raw materials, hydrogen is one of the important topics in energy research. Based on the goal of sustainable development, this paper selects a part of hydrogen production, transportation and storage methods for analysis. According to qualitative and quantitative investigation, this paper illustrates the feasibility of large-scale application of these methods. In addition, this paper will also explore the future development prospects of these technologies. These results offer a guideline for further development and implementation of hydrogen energy.
The hazards, treatment measures and sustainable development of electronic waste
Authors: He Zhaohua , Yue Yichen , Wang Yuyan
Published: April 2022

The faster upgrading and the rising consumer’s demand for electrical and electronic equipment (EEE) results in an ever-increasing number of waste electrical and electronic items (WEEE), which became a severe pollution problem at both local and global scales. This paper presents the current six categories of EEE that are widely used for electronic waste (E-waste) management worldwide and the major component of E-waste: non-hazardous materials, heavy metal, and persistent organic pollutants (POPs). To learn about E-waste’s negative impacts on both environment and the human body, this paper will show the specific polluting route in air, water, and soil. Those pollutants would affect the environment through burning and directly released into the air, penetrating and leaking into water and soil. The polluted environment and the poor sanitary conditions will further destroy people’s health. This paper shows and summarizes the development of current E-waste management, from direct landfill to chemical disposal, to today’s eco-friendly way--bioleaching. Future E-waste disposal technology needs to become more environmentally friendly and more efficient for reusable material recovery. Therefore, we hope that E-waste management can closely connect with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We need to apply SDGs into every aspect of E-waste management, which can significantly reduce the adverse effects of E-waste and be beneficial for the electronic industry.
Evaluation and future development direction of paper straw and plastic straw
Authors: Qiu Ningxin , Sha Minghui , Xu Xinyu
Published: April 2022

In recent years, plastic pollution has become one of the environmental issues of concern. This article explores the hazards of plastic straws and analyzes whether the decision to replace plastic straws with paper straws in the context of plastic restriction is entirely environmentally friendly. The results show that plastic films used in agricultural production remain in the soil after weathering and degradation, affecting soil structure, water and nutrient transfer processes, secondary salinization, and hindering plant growth. Microplastics in terrestrial and marine ecosystems are taken up by and accumulate in organisms and enter the human food web, affecting the human central nervous system and reproductive system. This article concludes that paper straws contain harmful additives, are challenging to recycle and degrade, are costly to build, are not environmentally friendly, and have a low promotional rate by studying their life cycle, content, recycling rate, degradation rate, usage problems, and applying. The paper also introduces the advantages of some new green straws, such as bamboo straws, wheat straws, PLA straws, and stainless-steel straws, which are environmentally friendly, durable, biodegradable, recyclable, and reusable. This essay aims to find better alternatives to address the potential environmental problems associated with plastic straws and mitigate the environmental hazards associated with the use of plastic products.
Current status and development trend of dehumidification technology in low-humidity industries
Authors: Yin Heng , Yin Yonggao
Published: April 2022

There are few studies on dehumidification of low-humidity industries which are closely related to production, especially emerging industries. In this paper, the dehumidification demands of low-humidity industries are investigated and analyzed, and the necessity of maintaining low humidity of each industry was emphasized. It introduces the common dehumidification technologies and their applicability in different applications, and on this basis summarizes the application scope division diagram of dehumidification system for low-humidity industries, which can be used as a reference for the initial scheme selection. In the future, the research direction of humidity control technology in low-humidity industries should focus on the development of new desiccant materials, the integration of multiple dehumidification technologies and the complementarity of their advantages and disadvantages, and the development of pilot projects to determine the potential for system transformation. Finally, the existing problems are introduced to ensure that the dehumidification work of the low-humidity industries can be carried out effectively in the future.
Technical application of waste oil treatment in compound field
Authors: Yang Jing , Teng Jiahuang , Dou Mingyuan , Zou Shuai , Feng Qing , Huang Fuchuan
Published: April 2022

This paper introduces the technology of treating waste oil by using composite fields such as gravity field, electric field and ultrasonic .Improper treatment of waste engine oil will seriously pollute the environment, and it can be put into industrial production after appropriate pretreatment.The device pretreates and recycles the waste oil, the equipment operates stably, which can not only save the cost, but also reduce the pollution to the environment, and has good social and economic benefits.
Research progress of biogas decarbonization
Authors: Teng JiaHuang , Yang Jing , Dou MingYuan , Zou Shuai , Feng Qing , Li HaoMing , Huang FuChuan
Published: April 2022

Taking biogas decarbonization process as the theme, this paper introduces several kinds of process methods for producing dry ice by separating carbon dioxide based on biogas, relevant research results at home and abroad, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of various process methods. Finally, the relevant application cases and the new direction of future development are introduced. This paper introduces the biogas decarbonization process and related equipment, which provides theoretical support for future research.