bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Las constituciones históricas
Authors: Walter F. Carnota
Published: March 2020

Se han elaborado tipologías de constituciones centrando sus diferencias en su carácter ‘histórico’, o ‘racional’ o ‘no histórico’. Como una observación general, puede decirse que todas las constituciones son producto de fuerzas y procesos históricos. Pero algunos documentos en particular muestran una acendrada historicidad, como Gran Bretaña. Otros documentos contienen algunos condimentos históricos, como la Constitución ar- gentina de 1853. Ello hace que sobresalgan en el concierto comparatista de hoy, acostumbrado a productos enteramente racionalistas. Por lo demás, la historicidad puede revelarse en ciertas partes, como en los preámbulos y en las “cláusulas de eternidad”.
El diseño clásico o anglosajón de juicio por jurado y la violación del deber de motivar: un análisis a partir de las sentencias de Derechos Humanos de la Corte Inter-Americana y la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación.
Authors: Carlos Martín Villanueva
Published: March 2020

Se encuentra en marcha un fuerte movimiento de reforma procesal penal en la Argentina incorporando la participación ciudadana en la administración de justicia por medio de la institución de juicios por jurados. Numerosas provincias entre las que se cuentan Buenos Aires, Mendoza, Neuquén, Chaco, San Juan, Rio Negro, entre otras han incorporado ya el diseño de juicio por jurado clásico o anglosajón.

El presente trabajo analiza este movimiento de la reforma y los cuestionamientos a la constitucionalidad de la instauración del juicio por jurado clásico por implicar la introducción del veredicto inmotivado a través del análisis crítico de los recientes fallos de la Corte Interamericana de Derechos Humanos y la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación que analizaron este problema constitucional y poniendo de manifiesto cuales los argumentos por las cuales estas decisiones son contradictorias con la práctica interpretativa de ambos tribunales que han consagrado un derecho autónomo a la motivación y a un sistema de revisión amplio de las sentencias, como garantías del debido proceso
Nuevas perspectivas sobre la mutación del sistema de control de constitucionalidad en Argentina.
Authors: Andrés Marcelo de Gaetano
Published: March 2020

La constitución argentina de 1853 no incluye reglas sobre el ejercicio del control de constitucionalidad; a partir de cuya ausencia la Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación se adjudica una auto atribución monopólica para el diseño del sistema y su ejercicio; creando las reglas del tradicional sistema de control de constitucionalidad federal argentino. No obstante, frente a este clásico sistema, desde hace algunos años la propia Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación propone una flexibilización del diseño original y una mutación sobre sus notas caracterizantes con vocación hacia la hibridación del sistema. Este trabajo propone la identificación y descripción de dicho proceso jurisprudencial mutativo sobre una de las notas caracterizantes del tradicional sistema de control de constitucionalidad argentino: el monopolio judicial del control; y explorar desde allí la injerencia del órgano ejecutivo en materia de control de constitucionalidad sobre normas presuntamente inconstitucionales.
Pelatihan Dan Pendampingan Keterampilan Gambar Teknik Dan Rencana Anggaran Biaya (RAB) Bagi Perangkat Desa Sitiarjo
Authors: Sonny Yoedono Benedictus , Murdiyanto Danang
Published: March 2020

Wilayah Desa Sitiarjo terdiri dari perbukitan dan dataran. Saat musim penghujan, selalu terjadi banjir yang mengakibatkan kerugian materiil termasuk rusaknya infrastruktur desa. Pendanaan terhadap perbaikan kerusakan infrastruktur dilakukan dengan menyusun proposal dana yang akan diajukan baik kepada pihak pemerintah maupun non pemerintah. Perangkat Desa Sitiarjo dituntut mampu untuk menyusun proposal dana dengan baik dan dapat dipertanggungjawabkan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa pelatihan dan pendampingan pembuatan Gambar Teknik dan Rencana Anggaran Biaya (RAB). Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, pelatihan tahap I, II, dan III telah berjalan dengan cukup lancar dan baik. Kegiatan ini juga diikuti dari perangkat desa di luar Sitiarjo serta melebihi dari jumlah yang direncanakan pada tahap I, hal ini menunjukkan antusiasme perangkat desa di dalam memperoleh materi yang diberikan. Tersusunnya  RAB pembangunan infrastruktur Desa  Sitiarjo  menunjukkan  bahwa  Perangkat  Desa Sitiarjo telah mampu menyusun RAB dengan baik. Sedangkan pembuatan gambar dengan AutoCAD cukup sulit untuk dilakukan oleh perangkat Desa Sitiarjo, hal ini dikarenakan software tersebut masih cukup baru bagi mereka serta kurangnya kemampuan dasar tentang pengetahuan komputer.Sehingga di kemudian hari diperlukan pelatihan yang lebih intensif mengenai pembuatan gambar dengan bantuan AutoCAD
Peningkatan Teknik Presentasi Dan Pendokumentasian Jaringan Komputer Di Sma Negeri 3 Borong Manggarai Timur
Authors: Xaverius Agung Perkasa Jampur Fransiskus
Published: March 2020

Penggunaan software presentasi merupakan salah satu kebutuhan utama dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar era modern saat ini. Kemampuan menggunakan software presentasi ini menjadi hal yang wajib dimiliki oleh para guru. Guru di Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 3 borong secara umum telah terbiasa menggunakan software presentasi tetapi kurang optimal penggunaannya, hal ini disebabkan kurangnya pemahaman tentang teknik presentasi yang menarik dan pemanfaatan fitur-fitur sofware tersebut. Selain itu kondisi di sekolah ini sedang dalam tahap pembangunan gedung dan fasilitas termasuk pengadaan fasilitas komputer, maka dari itu sekolah perlu memiliki sebuah dokumentasi untuk jaringan komputer sehingga memudahkan sekolah dalam melakukan pengembangan dan perawatan jaringan komputer.
Pemberdayaan PT Suzuki Finance Indonesia Area Jawa Timur Bagian Selatan Cabang Malang Selaku Kreditor Preferen Dalam Pelaksanaan Hukum Jaminan Fidusia
Authors: Paskalis Sitanggang Paraou , Tri Siwi K. Celina
Published: March 2020

Keberadaan Kota Malang sebagai kota besar memengaruhi peningkatan layanan jasa keuangan, salah satu bentuk yang banyak diminati adalah lembaga pembiayaan konsumen. Kebutuhan konsumen atas sejumlah dana untuk membeli barang konsumtif, dapat diselesaikan oleh lembaga pembiayaan atau finance. Terikatnya konsumen sebagai debitor lembaga pembiayaan seringkali disalahgunakan, banyak debitor tidak melaksanakan perjanjian dengan itikad baik. Pada tahun 2016, diperoleh data terjadi peningkatan jumlah pengaduan mengenai permasalahan tidak dipenuhinya hak dan kewajiban antara para pihak pada lembaga pembiayaan, yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian. PT. Suzuki Finance Indonesia area Jawa Timur Bagian Selatan Cabang Malang adalah salah satu unit usaha pembiayaan di Kota Malang yang terletak di Jalan A.Yani Utara dengan + 7000 debitor. Kegiatan usaha pembiayaan (finance) ini mempraktikkan jaminan fidusia. Dalam perkembangannya banyak laporan tentang pelanggaran perjanjian pembiayaan dengan jaminan fidusia yang dilakukan oleh debitornya. Hal ini menjadi keprihatinan sehingga menjadi penting melakukan pemberdayaan kepada pelaku usaha pembiayaan yang merupakan pihak kreditor preferen yakni PT Suzuki Finace Indonesia area Jawa Timur bagian Selatan Cabang Malang. Wujud kegiatan pemberdayaan berupa pelatihan hukum jaminan fidusia dalam teori dan praktik, serta melakukan simulasi upaya  penyelesaian  jika  dalam  praktik timbul  permasalahan.  Tujuan  kegiatan  ini  agar  selaku pihak kreditor memahami secara tepat perkembangan hukum jaminan fidusia sehingga dapat meminimalisir kerugian bagi para pihak.
Program PKM Bagi Eksistensi Usaha Jahit Perempuan Di Kota Madiun
Authors: Ariyani Vivi , Kurniawati Dyah , Liris Widyaningrum Theresia
Published: March 2020

Program Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat (PKM) tujuannya adalah untuk membantu usaha mitra agar dapat meningkat dan berkembang lebih baik daripada sebelumnya. Pada Mitra Penjahit perempuan di Kota Madiun, Program PKM membantu mengembangkan usaha mitra melalui pelatihan teknik jahit dan penggunaan teknologi dalam membantu promosi produk agar lebih eksis atau lebih dikenal di masyarakat luas. Hal ini dilakukan dengan cara penguasaan manajemen sumber daya manusia yang dimiliki mitra secara efektif dan efisien, agar dapat meningkatkan manajemen produksi, manajemen pemasaran dan manajemen keuangan mitra. Dengan perbaikan dari pilar manajemen pada mitra akan membuat produk mitra semakin dikenal dan diakui oleh masyarakat.
Pelatihan Pengolahan Abon Jamur Tiram Pada Gapoktan Mulyo Santoso Kelurahan Sukun Kecamatan Sukun Kota Malang
Authors: Handini  , Puri Nurani Maria
Published: March 2020

Jamur tiram putih (Pleurotus Ostreatus) merupakan salah satu jenis jamur konsumsi yang cukup digemari masyarakat dan juga berguna bagi tubuh karena bergizi tinggi dan rendah lemak. Jamur tiram termasuk bahan pangan yang mudah rusak, seperti jenis sayuran lainnya. Beberapa hari setelah panen, mutu jamur tiram turun dengan cepat sampai tidak layak dikonsumsi. Perubahan mutu jamur tiram antara lain layu, warna menjadi coklat, lunak dan cita rasanya berubah, di mana untuk mempertahankan keawetan jamur tiram perlu adanya inovasi menjadi produk pangan olahan. Oleh karena itu kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini merupakan bentuk kepedulian agar sejak dini pihak terkait dapat membuat olahan pangan guna peningkatan nilai ekonomi. Sasaran pengabdian ini bersama ibu-ibu PKK RT 10 RW 07 Kelurahan Sukun, Kecamatan Sukun Kota Malang dengan alasan wilayah ini yang paling sukses sehingga sangat potensial karena sebagian besar penduduknya berpotensi menanam jamur tiram. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah menjadikan jamur tiram sebagai produk olahan menjadi abon jamur tiram, sehingga menjadi produk pangan yang lebih awet, murah, mudah dikonsumsi, serta mempunyai nilai jual tinggi.
PKM Kerajinan Batik Ecoprint Dan Tie Dye Di Kota Madiun Dan Ponorogo
Authors: Anang Setiyo Waluyo Lorensius , Agustini Srimulyani Veronika , Rustiyaningsih Sri
Published: March 2020

Program Kemitraan Masyarakat ini bertujuan: 1)melatih dan mendampingi masyarakat agar memiliki bekal ketrampilan pembuatan dan produk ecoprint dan tie dye dan pemasarannya; 2)menumbuhkan wirausaha baru di bidang usaha ecofashion dan bahan fashion teknik tie dye. Kegiatan utama program ini adalah pelatihan dan pendampingan usaha dengan metode participant learning center (PLC) dan participant action (PA) serta fasilitasi pemasaran produk. PLC dilaksanakan dalam kegiatan  pelatihan batik dengan teknik ecoprint dan teknik tie dye. PA dilaksanakan dalam bentuk kegiatan pendampingan dan peningkatan keahlian pembuatan ecofashion (syal, hijab, bahan baju) dan bahan fashion dengan teknik tie dye. Kegiatan pemasaran produk dilaksanakan dengan cara melibatkan mitra dalam pameran produk dan menyediakan website marketplace sebagai wadah pemasaran produk secara online, dan penyediaan peralatan untuk memajang produk. Kegiatan lain yang dilakukan adalah pendampingan berupa layanan konsultasi manajemen usaha seperti penentuan harga jual produk, dan pembuatan desain brand produk.
Pelatihan Pengolahan Kerupuk Kulit Pisang Di Desa Pagelaran Kecamatan Pagelaran Kabupaten Malang
Authors: Handini  , Prisma Jalu Permana Antonius
Published: March 2020

Kulit pisang merupakan limbah dari buah pisang yang melimpah dan masih jarang dimanfaatkan. Kulit pisang sementara ini hanya digunakan sebagai pakan ternak atau dibuang begitu saja yang dapat menimbulkan masalah lingkungan, sehingga diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk dapat meningkatkan nilai guna dari limbah kulit pisang. Selain dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pada makanan, kulit pisang bisa juga memperbaiki kandungan gizi bila diolah menjadi makanan. Sasaran pengabdian ini bersama Kelompok Tani “Anggrek” Desa Pagelaran Kecamatan Pagelaran Kabupaten Malang. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah menjadikan limbah kulit pisang sebagai produk olahan menjadi kerupuk kulit pisang, sehingga menjadi produk pangan yang lebih awet, murah, mudah dikonsumsi, mempunyai nilai jual tinggi serta penyuluhan tentang pemasaran produk online.
MORTALITY FROM EXTERNAL CAUSES IN RUSSIA
Authors: Bogoyavlensky D.
Published: March 2020

Mortality from External Causes in Russia since the mid 20-th century. Ed. by A. G. Vishnevsky Moscow. Higher School of Economics Publishing House. 2017. 448 p.
A STUDY OF THE POPULATION’S ATTITUDE TO TELEMEDICINE TECHNOLOGIES ON THE EXAMPLE OF ONLINE MEDICAL CONSULTATIONS
Authors: Matyushina Dasha , Kalabikhina Irina
Published: March 2020

The new law “on telemedicine” requires the population’s participation in its implementation. The expansion of new methods of medical consulting should take place in a science-based context. The goal of this research is to educe the attitude of the population to online consultation. 50 semistructured interviews were conducted, analysis was used in analyzing the scripts. Main results are the picture of population’s attitude to online medical consultation, and the structure of the barriers to development of ones. The population understands the imminence of such a format, but relegates it to “not really medical” services and has a narrow interpretation of the scope of online consultation application – in terms of expanding access to services, but not in terms of improving the quality of diagnosis, for instance, in attaining a “second opinion”. Survey participants saw the advantage of this format in reducing the time spent and in leveling the territorial inequality in access to medical aid. Medical online consultations often cause distrust and anxiety (anxiety of inaccurate diagnosis, cost-saving at the expense of quality and fear of fraud). We have indicated three groups of barriers: patient and doctor availability, technical and regulatory availability of the healthcare system, and digital inequality in terms of age and geography. The respondents give the principal role in overcoming the barriers to the state, which reﬂects the general paternalistic attitude of the population in matters of health.
TELEMEDICINE IN THE CONTEXT OF ACCESSIBILITY OF MEDICAL AID IN RUSSIA
Authors: Rozhkova E.
Published: March 2020

The urgency of the topic is determined by the need to significantly increase the level of accessibility of medical services, first of all — of an innovative nature. The purpose of the article is to identify and characterize the development of telemedicine in contemporary Russia and therefore, propose the tools to improve accessibility of telemedicine services to the population.. Management decisions and organizational and economic relations that arise within the development of telemedicine are the subject of the study. The main results are: analysis of accessibility of medical services to the population as a whole was conducted; directions of using telemedicine technologies as an instrument for increasing access to medical care were identified; problems in the development of the domestic telemedicine market were outlined; diﬀerentiated accessibility of telemedicine services by diﬀerent criteria were identified; directions for solving identified problems were suggested. The author suggests development of network cooperation between medical prevention centers, telemedicine centers and educational institutions located in rural areas. The materials of the article can be useful both for further scientific substantiation of ways for development of healthcare and for elaboration of practical solutions for the development of the market of innovative medical services.
Dmitriy Mendeleev’s Forecasts of the Population of Russia. and the Realities of its Present Development
Authors: Belova T.
Published: March 2020

In his last work “The Sacred Thoughts” an outstanding Russian scientist and encyclopedist Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev has explored demographic processes, acting as an economist and sociologist. The author of this article examines methodical approaches and tools, repeats and continues calculations of Mendeleev using modern data and information technologies. Comparing Mendeleev’s forecasts of the size and age structure of population of Russia with the modern statistical data, the author discusses the reasons for the “failure” of forecasts. The arsenal of modern demographic tools can be supplemented with Mendeleev’s idea on using the formula (law) of the vertical parabola in studying the age structure (the dependence between the size of the group and age).
Fine-scale species delimitation: speciation in process and periodic patterns in nudibranch diversity
Authors: Korshunova Tatiana , Malmberg Klas , Prkić Jakov , Petani Alen , Fletcher Karin , Lundin Kennet , Martynov Alexander
Published: March 2020

Using the nudibranch genusAmphorinaas a model, ongoing speciation is demonstrated, as well as how periodic-like patterns in colouration can be included in an integrated method of fine-scale species delimitation. By combining several methods, including BPP analysis and the study of molecular, morphological, and ecological data from a large number of specimens within a broad geographic range from northern Europe to the Mediterranean, five species are recognised within the genusAmphorina, reviewed here for the first time. Two new species from the southwestern coast of Sweden are described,A. viriolasp. nov.andA. andrasp. nov.Evidence is provided of a recent speciation process between the two closely related, yet separate, species which inhabit the same geographic localities, but demonstrate strict water depth differentiation, with one species inhabiting the shallow brackish top layer above the halocline and the other species inhabiting the underlying saltier water. The results presented here are of relevance for currently debated issues such as conservation in relation to speciation, fine species delimitation, and integration of molecular, morphological and ecological information in biodiversity studies. The periodic approach to taxonomy has considerable practical potential for various organismal groups.
Two new species of the genus Opopaea (Araneae, Oonopidae) from Myanmar
Authors: Tong Yanfeng , Chen Zengliang , Li Shuqiang
Published: March 2020

Two new species of the genusOpopaeaSimon, 1892 are reported from Myanmar,O. kanpetletTong & Li,sp. nov.(♂♀) andO. zhigangiTong & Li,sp. nov.(♂♀). Morphological descriptions and photographic illustrations of the two new species are given. All types are preserved in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZCAS).
Non-hierarchical grouping: ‘K-mean’ and ‘K-medoid’ of plaques cisterns in the Pajeu region - PE
Authors: Oliveira Manoel Rivelino Gomes de , Cruz David Venâncio da , Cunha Filho Moacyr
Published: March 2020

This work uses non-hierarchical grouping methods to evaluate the quality of the groups formed by plate cisterns according to some water quality variables. These methods use the cluster validation criterion to determine the optimal partition, which provides the most homogeneous groups possible. The methods were tested on a sample of 100 cisterns located in the Pajeú region. However, the non-hierarchical clustering method of ‘K-medoid’ formed more homogeneous groups, and thus the best performance according to the Silhouette [s (i) = 0.64] statistics.
Evaluation of the biodegradation of phthalic contaminants originated from polyvinyl chloride commercial films
Authors: Luzia Márcia Regina Figueiredo , Sarrouh Boutros , Lofrano Renata Carolina Zanetti
Published: March 2020

The excessive use of phthalates (PHEs) plasticizers has promoted a serious environmental problem. This study evaluated the biodegradation of PHEs from polyvinyl chloride (PVC) film, aiming to mitigate damage to the environment. Therefore, 23 microorganisms were prospected and isolated from the Serra do Ouro Branco State Park (Minas Gerais, Brazil), where screening was carried out by growth in enriched microbial medium and esterase-activity was monitored by diffusion in solid agar. Three microorganisms were selected. Bacterium (I) presented the highest esterase activity, as evidenced in the diffusion tests in solid medium. Further, evidence of this is given by the biodegradation of PHEs into phthalic acid, because changes the acid concentration from 0 to 3.10 ± 0.07 mol L-1 and 28 % mass reduction of PVC film after 24 days. Furthermore, after six days of biodegradation the number of viable cells and ammonia concentration showed no significant change. This indicates that the survival of the Bacterium (I) cells is independent of ammonia consumption, but rather depends on PHEs consumption. The detection of the organic functions of -COOH and –COOR proved the biodegradation of PHEs by Bacterium (I), thus demonstrating its potential to be used in bioremediation of soils and rivers from PHEs contaminants.
Diet of tadpoles for five anuran species of northeast Brazil
Authors: Protázio Airan dos Santos , Protázio Arielson dos Santos , Gama Vivian , Silva Samantha Vieira , Santos Carla Giovanna Cruz dos , Oliveira Joanna Karine Gomes de
Published: March 2020

In this study, the diet of tadpoles of five anuran species was described. The species were collected from either lotic or lentic environments in Caatinga and the Atlantic Forest biome of northeast Brazil. The diet of these tadpoles consisted of algae, protozoa, plants, fungi and animals. Diatoms were the most important items within the diet of Leptodactylus natalensis. Trachelomonas, diatoms, Phacus and Scenedesmus were the most important items comprising the diet of Leptodactylus cf. macrosternum. Trachelomonas, Oscillatoria and Scenedesmus were the most important items comprising the diet of Pithecophus nordestinus. Diatoms and Scenodesmus were the most important items of the diet for Rhinella jimi. For Scinax x-signatus, diatoms (Atlantic Forest population), Oscillatoria, undetermined filament and pollen (Caatinga population) were the most important items consumed. Scinax x-signatus and L. natalensis from Atlantic Forest, and L. cf. macrosternum and P. nordestinus from Caatinga had diets that were the most similar. The diversity of items found in the diets of species considered may be attributed to mechanisms used by tadpoles to obtain food, which favour the acquisition of suspended materials that are highly available in the environment. We discuss the possible effects of the relationship between algae and tadpoles and the importance of recording larvae diets to better understand the dynamics of the aquatic environment and the trophic ecology of tadpoles.
A Sociedade de Resistência dos Trabalhadores em Trapiche e Café: novos questionamentos para incontornáveis debates (1904-1913)
Authors: Berdu Lívia Cintra
Published: March 2020

O período compreendido entre as últimas décadas do século XIX e o início do século XX nasprincipais cidades do Brasil – incluindo o Rio de Janeiro – é marcado por uma ebulição política e um intenso processo de conscientização dos trabalhadores acerca de suas condições de vida e trabalho. Nesse contexto, a zona portuária da cidade consistia num dos principais espaços de articulação dos trabalhadores, e tinha a Sociedade de Resistência dos Trabalhadores em Trapiche e Café como um grande exemplo de ferramenta para sua organização. Tal entidade possuía diversos traços advindos do período escravista, seja na composição étnico-racial de seus associados, ou em determinados elementos relacionados à organização desses sujeitos. Propomos, contudo, uma reaproximação do tema a partir de novas fontes no intuito de buscar novos questionamentos e suscitar novas reflexões, de forma a captar possíveis convergências entre as heranças provindas dos trabalhadores escravizados e suas formas de organização, por um lado, assim como novas perspectivas ideológicas oriundas das lutas dos trabalhadores europeus que se forjavaforjavam, por outro. Nesse sentido, podemos identificar em tal cenário bastante heterogêneo, alguns elementos de conflito entre os trabalhadores, mas, também, diversos aspectos de solidariedade de classe entre eles.
Effect of drought on deposition of ferric hydroxides in the HZ of a small upland stream in Northern Bavaria
Authors: Hiller Carolin , Kaule Robin , Gilfedder Benjamin , Peiffer Stefan
Published: March 2020

Global warming forecasts predict an increase in extreme weather events like droughts, heavy rainfalls and floods. Such events act as multiple stressors for streams through extreme discharges, temperature increases and also enhanced erosion of fine sediments into the system. In the last years, Northern Bavaria suffered from severe droughts with extremely dry and hot summers, a situation which is expected to become even worse in the future. We hypothesize that increased periods of drought lead to an increase in oxygen consumption rates in the hyporheic zone (HZ) and subsequent anoxia along with microbial iron reduction and formation of Fe(II). At the redoxcline, in the presence of oxygen, oxidation of Fe(II) and subsequent precipitation of ferric (hydr)oxides occurs. Such processes may have severe effects on stream water ecology causing clogging of interstitial spaces within the riverbed with subsequent habitat loss for benthic organisms as well as clogging of fish gills and trachea, coverage of fish eggs and oxygen depletion.

In this contribution we will present first results from a field study on the understanding of the effects of drought on biogeochemical processes within the hyporheic zone. To these ends we have installed tube bundles into the HZ of a small upland stream in Northern Bavaria, Germany. Stream Mähringsbach (3rd order stream) is located south east of the city Hof and runs through silicate rich areas. Mähringsbach is home to the endangered pearl mussel. Sampling is conducted in the upper stream reach starting at N 50°14.884 E°012°05.743. Eight sampling points are installed including a transect covering a length of about 20 m. To allow sampling at the same spot tube bundles were inserted in HZ and left for the whole sampling campaign. Tube bundles have mesh covered (pore size about 160 x 310 μm) openings at 5, 15, 25 and 40 cm depth. A luer lock-three-way valve combination is attached to the opening at the surface to enable sampling. Water samples are taken using a 60 ml syringe with an attached oxygen flow through cell. This sampling approach allows to investigate the dynamics of dissolved Fe(II), Fe(III) and O2 in the porewater at different depths of the HZ. For a better depth resolution (2 cm) custom made dialyses samplers are used. A membrane allows only small components < 0,2 μm to enter. To account for the exchange dynamics between surface water and the hyporheic zone, we determine the residence time of water within the HZ using radon as a tracer. First results from filtered (0,45 µm) tube bundle samples indicate high concentrations of Fe(II) up to 216 µmol/l and of Fe(III) up to 7 µmol/l. Peeper samples have Fe(II) concentrations up to 408 µmol/l and Fe(III) concentrations up to 215 µmol/l.
Tidal and near-inertial energy density and energy fluxes over the Reykjanes Ridge
Authors: Vic Clément , Ferron Bruno , Salaün Ivane , Thierry Virginie , Mercier Herlé
Published: March 2020

The Reykjanes Ridge is a key topographic structure stretching south of Iceland and located at the crossroad of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation upper and lower limbs. It has been inferred to host significant mixing and water mass transformation, yet the mechanisms at play remain obscure. Using data from an array of 7 moorings deployed for two years over the Reykjanes Ridge in a cross-ridge direction, we computed internal waves’ energy density and energy fluxes in the dominating wavebands, i.e., near-inertial and semi-diurnal (tidal) bands to assess the contribution of several mechanisms at fuelling a route to energy dissipation and mixing. Internal tide fluxes are dominating the energy fluxes by an order of magnitude right on top of the ridge and follow a clear spring-neap cycle; but rapidly fade away and become decoherent O(100) km away from the ridge, suggesting a strong scattering by mesoscale turbulence and seafloor topography. Near-inertial energy fluxes and density are surface-intensified and follow a seasonal cycle, with a winter intensification due to storms and intense low-pressure weather systems. The level of near-inertial energy density is roughly explained by the local wind power input, and rapid decay of energy with depth suggests that most of the dissipation occurs in the surface layers, thus is not important for deep water mass transformation. 
Environmental change assesments in response to anthropogenic human footprint in the Nalón estuary (Asturias-NW Spain)
Authors: Flor-Blanco Germán , García-Ordiales Efrén , Flor Germán , López Peláez Julio , Roqueñí Nieves , Navarro-García Violeta
Published: March 2020

The Nalón estuary (Asturias, NW Spain) provides a highly varied information about natural and anthropic changes along more of one century since it received the contributions from the major coal basin of Spain and it was the most important coal port of the north of the Iberian Peninsula during 20th century. As a consequence of these factors, the estuary has undergone important transformations for port uses such as port basin, jetties in the mouth, intense dredging, etc.. These changes triggered the progradation of the dune field of the confining barrier, erosion in neighbouring eastern dune fields, joint to the subsequent changes in the morphology and sedimentary in the most part of the estuary. On the other hand, the historical exploitation in the hydrographic basin of numerous mines, mainly coal mines and some metallic such as Hg, Cu, Fe and Au, with null environmental control, has produce the contribution of carbonaceous mineralogy to the fractions of quartz sands and the modification of the natural geochemistry by the contribution of metals and metalloids along the entire estuary. Furthermore, some borecores and samples throughout the estuary were studied to assess the impact of the historical human footprint on the sedimentary sequence.

Since 70´s of 20th century, the mining activity decreased and in parallel the intensive dredging decreased until today when they are scare and small definitive interruption of the intensive dredging in the estuary. Nowadays, the role of the sea-level rise and the recurrence of a series of strong wave storms since 2009 has caused the retreat of the dune fields of the confining barrier of the Nalón estuary and eastern beach/dune system of Bayas and the gradual filling of the external sector of the estuary. In addition, the management of the port is complicated because a serious navigation problem in the mouth occurred due to restrictions on dredging activities as a consequence of the high trace element concentration in the sediments and the ongoing inputs of As, Hg, Pb, and Zn into the coastal zone.
Marine Habitat Mapping in Germany: Application, Progress and Challenges
Authors: Papenmeier Svenja , Darr Alexander , Feldens Agata , Feldens Peter , Valerius Jennifer
Published: March 2020

The increasing demand by national legislation and European marine policy amplifies the need for high resolution and area-wide habitat maps of the seafloor. The basis for a consistent and objective delineation of habitats is a consistent derivation of sediment classes. For this reason, the German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) has published a guideline for high-resolution, hydroacoustic sediment mapping, with the advice of scientific experts. Large areas within the German exclusive economic zone, in particular in the special areas of conservation (SAC) have already been mapped in agreement with this guideline.

We will introduce the mapping guideline and its sediment classification system, present the mapping progress and demonstrate the successful use of sediment maps for the creation of habitat maps. The approach by the BSH works very well for the large-scale mapping of the German North and Baltic Sea. However, more specific tasks like environmental investigations for approval procedures or scientific questions need adjustments to the mapping criteria. We will show this exemplary for hard substrate habitats. According to the guideline of the BSH (update is in progress), hard substrates presence is given as raster information with cell size of at least 100 x 100 m. For e.g. approval procedures, this raster information is not sufficient to map the protected natural habitat “reefs” in a large scale. Therefore, the German Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (BfN) has developed its own criteria where individual objects have to be detected. The object detection is still to be done manually which might be acceptable for small study sites, but not practicable for large-scale mapping. Consequently, current work is concerned with the automation of object detection to speed up the interpretation and make it objective / reproducible.
Postglacial evolution of forest and grassland in south edge of Gobi
Authors: Han Yue , Liu Hongyan , Zhou Lingyu , Hao Qian , Cheng Ying
Published: March 2020

Tree and grass coexist in south edge of Gobi, northern China. In this region, forest plays an important role in windbreak and sand fixation, and grassland is the foundation of animal husbandry. Afforestation can improve the environment and regulate the climate, but it also restricts the animal husbandry by reducing grassland. Based on robust method for tree and grass cover reconstruction with 19 000-year-long pollen records from northern China, we show that, the past tree cover peaked during the early Holocene (30.7±12.3%), and grass cover was generally stable (45.3±3.9%). Temperature, precipitation, tree-grass competition and fire had driven the postglacial evolution of tree/grass cover, and forest can suppress grassland by tree-grass competition when tree cover is higher than 13.8%. Our study provides implications for weighting between afforestation and grassland protection.
High-Resolution Three-Dimensional MHD Simulations of Plasmoid Formation in Solar Flares
Authors: Dahlin Joel , Antiochos Spiro , DeVore C. Richard
Published: March 2020

In highly conducting plasmas, reconnecting current sheets are often unstable to the generation of plasmoids, small-scale magnetic structures that play an important role in facilitating the rapid release of magnetic energy and channeling that energy into accelerated particles. There is ample evidence for plasmoids throughout the heliosphere, from in situ observations of flux ropes in the solar wind and planetary magnetospheres to remote-sensing imaging of plasma ‘blobs’ associated with explosive solar activity such as eruptive flares and coronal jets. Accurate models for plasmoid formation and dynamics must capture the large-scale self-organization responsible for forming the reconnecting current sheet. However, due to the computational difficulty inherent in the vast separation between the global and current sheet scales, previous numerical studies have typically explored configurations with either reduced dimensionality or pre-formed current sheets. We present new three-dimensional MHD studies of an eruptive flare in which the formation of the current sheet and subsequent reconnection and plasmoid formation are captured within a single simulation. We employ Adaptive Mesh Refinement (AMR) to selectively resolve fine-scale current sheet dynamics. Reconnection in the flare current sheet generates many plasmoids that exhibit highly complex, three-dimensional structure. We show how plasmoid formation and dynamics evolve through the course of the flare, especially in response to the weakening of the reconnection “guide field” linked to the global reduction of magnetic shear. We discuss implications of our results for particle acceleration and transport in eruptive flares as well as for observations by Parker Solar Probe and the forthcoming Solar Orbiter.
Geothermal modelling in fault zones with the CIMLIB/EXALIB library
Authors: Dentzer Jacques , Hachem Elie , Goblet Patrick , Stab Olivier , Bruel Dominique
Published: March 2020

Energy transition requires the use of low-carbon energies such as geothermal energy for the production of electricity or heat. Geothermal exploitation has a number of preferential targets, including fault zones in the context of graben. High temperatures can, indeed, be observed where fluids rise through fault zones, but geothermal processes are complex to understand and to model in such a 3D tectonic context. For instance, seismic observations and then observations at well-scale show structures on different spatial scales that can overlap and interconnect. These structures then present strong heterogeneities in physical properties (e.g. fault core or damage zones). In addition, this knowledge evolves over time, from the exploration to drilling and exploitation phases. One of the challenges of numerical modelling is to represent this complexity while being readily upgradeable in the light of exploration. We are developing an adaptive approach using the CIMLIB/EXALIB library. Geometrical complexity and physical properties are defined by distance functions (level set functions) to geologic objects that are inherited from a geologic modelling software. Coupled fluid flow and heat transport processes are then modelled in 3D with adaptive meshing. The mesh can, indeed, be adapted according to static criteria such as geometry or dynamic criteria such as physical processes. This approach will be illustrated by examples derived from an ongoing GIS-Geodenergies project in the Upper Rhine Graben.
An inventory of extreme events and their impacts: implications for changing risks and climate adaption
Authors: Clarke Ben , Otto Friederike , Jones Richard
Published: March 2020

Extreme weather of increasing intensity and frequency is the sharp edge of climate change. Greater understanding of exactly how the risks to people and property from such events are changing is therefore of considerable value to society; it enables the effective allocation of resources for adaption planning and provides a foundation for cost-benefit analysis of mitigation policy. Moreover, the first global stocktake following the Paris Agreement aims to comprehensively detail climate change-related loss and countries’ adaption ambition. Thus there is a clear imperative for greater understanding of the drivers of extreme weather risks.

To this end, the emerging field of Extreme Event Attribution (EEA) is becoming increasingly able to attribute the specific meteorological conditions (or even the impacts) of an event to human-induced climate change. This provides a tangible, evidence-based bridge between the global phenomenon of climate change and the scales at which people live and decisions are made. However, EEA studies are currently undertaken on an ad-hoc basis, in part due to discrepancies in data availability in different regions but also the lack of comprehensive, coordinated efforts. To provide greater utility to vital policy questions, insights from EEA need to be integrated into a wider system for documenting past events and understanding drivers of change.

In accordance with this, we propose a standardised framework for recording historical extreme weather events in an inventory structure. In our method, existing hazard-loss databases such as EMDAT provide a basis for event selection and give some basic impact details. Then, additional impact information, as well as detail about the process chain leading from antecedent conditions to impacts (the ‘event narrative’), is researched from a range of academic, government and NGO sources. Finally, existing attribution literature provides the link, or lack thereof, to human climate change. The comprehensive nature of such an inventory will align with the remit of the global stocktaking process, and offers a new and valuable perspective for understanding and adapting to changing risks at both national and sub-national scales.

To demonstrate the framework, we will here present inventories of past extreme weather events for the UK and the Caribbean in the period 2000-2019. Specifically, we will explore the logic and methodology behind the inventory framework, and use these examples to consider potential applications as well as foreseen drawbacks to the concept.
Using FERMI TGF observation data to show an enhanced likelihood of TGF origin at the edges of stormcloud lightning clusters
Authors: Connell Paul
Published: March 2020

In designing the MXGS coded mask imager on the ASIM mission to the ISS many simulations of its performance were made using a model of TGF origin as a RREA in a vertical electric ffield at about 15 km altitude. One consequence was the prediction that imaging scatter background from high energy photons would be 15-20% of CZT detector counts, decreasing with TGF off-axis observation angle.

Analysis of the linear image reconstruction model shows the maximum scatter background to be 40% in some cases, with sources at the same off-axis angle having both small and large scatter background. The obvious reason to explain this asymmetry is that a TGF beam is not primarily vertical, but at large angles, and provokes an inference about TGF origin.

The phenomenon can be explained by TGF origin at the tips of lightning leader channels, resulting in a wide range of random beam angles, or in the macro electric ffield of the induced negative shfielding charge above a stormcloud. This charge might begin as concentrated near the top-centre of a stormcloud but should slowly spread out to form a torus-like charge with the greatest electric field on the circular boundary of the torus, over a range of angles from vertical to horizontal to downward - with many TGFs absorbed or expanding spherically as a low energy Compton Scatter Remant.

In this scenario the TGF would originate near the upper radial edge of the cloud, but not within it, either by lightning leader electron injection or electron positron injection from a cosmic ray shower, posing the question if this location of origin can be observed.

We made a study of over 6000 TGF locations from FERMI-WWLLN observations where the centroid centrepoint of the nearest lightning cluster to the TGF was located, allowing for wind drift, its RMSQ cluster radius determined, and its distance vector from the cluster centrepoint. If the cluster would represent stormcloud location and area, then the macro E-field scenario of TGF origin should result in an annular distribution of the TGF-WWLLN vector location, but convolved with the lightning location error distribution. We present the results here, showing there is indeed a significant increase in TGF origin at the outer boundary of stormcloud lightning clusters.
Statistical Downscaling of daily extreme Sea Level with Random Forest: Examples from South-East Asia and the Baltic Sea
Authors: Bierstedt Svenja , Zorita Eduardo , Hünicke Birgit
Published: March 2020

The coastlines of the Baltic Sea and Indonesia are both relatively complex, so that the estimation of extreme sea levels caused by the atmospheric forcing becomes complex with conventional methods. Here, we explore whether Machine Learning methods can provide a model surrogate to compute more rapidly daily extremes in sea level from large-scale atmosphere-ocean fields. We investigate the connections between the atmospheric and ocean drivers of local extreme sea level in South East Asia and along the Baltic Sea based on statistical analysis by Random Forest Models, driven by large-scale meteorological predictors and daily extreme sea level measured by tide-gauge records over the last few decades.

First results show that in some Indonesian areas extremes are driven by large-scale climate fields; in other areas they are incoherently driven by local processes. An area where random forest predicted extremes show good correspondence to observed extremes is found to be the Malaysian coastline. For the Indonesian coasts, the Random Forest Algorithm was unable to predict extreme sea levels in line with observations. Along the Baltic Sea, in contrast, the Random Forest model is able to produce reasonable estimations of extreme sea levels based on the large-scale atmospheric fields. An analysis of the interrelations of extreme sea levels in the South Asia regions suggests that either the data quality may be compromised in some regions or that other forcing factors, distinct from the large-scale atmospheric fields, may also be involved.
Spectrally resolved laboratory measurements of oxygen-oxygen collision induced absorption in the 308 – 495 nm range, including the 315, 328, and 421 nm bands
Authors: Finkenzeller Henning , Volkamer Rainer
Published: March 2020

Oxygen-oxygen collision induced absorption accounts for significant absorption of solar radiation in the atmosphere. It needs to be considered in the interpretation of spectra in absorption spectroscopy. If not represented correctly, it interferes in the retrieval of other trace gases. Quantitative measurements of oxygen-oxygen collision induced absorption, combined with the oxygen concentration vertical profile, allow to constrain radiative transfer processes in the atmosphere. No spectrally resolved cross section data of the bands below 335 nm wavelength and at 420 nm have been available. This study presents spectrally resolved gas-phase laboratory measurements of the oxygen-oxygen collision induced absorption in the ultraviolet and blue spectral range (308 – 495 nm), including the 315, 328, and 421 nm bands, acquired with Cavity Enhanced Absorption Spectroscopy under atmospherically relevant conditions. While the newly acquired data generally agree with existing data on the strong bands, significant differences consist in a higher signal to noise ratio, a non-zero baseline between bands, and a different band shape of the 344 nm band. This presentation discusses the laboratory setup and analysis scheme used to determine the cross section, and first applications of the cross section to atmospheric data sets.
Small 110-year old mine in northern Sweden leaves disproportionately high metal impact on water quality
Authors: Fischer Sandra , Rosqvist Gunhild , Chalov Sergey , Mörth Magnus , Jarsjö Jerker
Published: March 2020

Pollution from small abandoned mines is usually overseen compared to larger historical mining sites. Especially in the Arctic more research is needed on long-term water quality degradation from mine waste (e.g. metal leakage). We have studied changes in water quality from a historical copper (Cu) mining area, Nautanen, northern Sweden, that was shortly in operation for six years before abandonment in 1908 (~110 years ago). Water quality data from previous studies of the site (1993-2014) was compared to results from our own field campaigns in 2017, which provided us with a rare Arctic case study of 25 years of data. The results showed Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations at the mining zone being orders of magnitude larger than local background levels. This was surprising considering Nautanen’s short time of operation, the small scale of the mining site, and the long time since closure. We found no declining trend of metal concentrations over the surveyed 25-year period (1993-2017) and during the past 110 years (1907-2017) a mass flow of 43 tons of Cu was estimated to have been released to the local surface water system from the mining zone and 7 tons of Cu at 4 km downstream. Nautanen stands out with its high metal leakage relative to its small volume of mine waste compared to mass flows of other larger historical mining sites in e.g. Sweden and Canada. Small abandoned sites, which are numerous, could add disproportionately large amounts of metals to surface water systems. This information is crucial in upscaling local low-priority sites to regional assessments of total pollution pressures in sensitive Arctic environments. We are currently further investigating pollution transport pathways through oxygen and sulfur isotopes to trace water originating from the mine and other sources (e.g. atmospheric deposition, bacterial sulfate reduction). This method could give valuable information in data scares sites where e.g. groundwater data is inaccessible.