bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Trends and applications in plant volatile sampling and analysis
Authors: Tholl Dorothea , Hossain Oindrila , Weinhold Alexander , Röse Ursula S. R. , Wei Qingshan
Published: January 2021

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) released by plants serve as information and defense chemicals in mutualistic and antagonistic interactions and mitigate effects of abiotic stress. Passive and dynamic sampling techniques combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis have become routine tools to measure emissions of VOCs and determine their various functions. More recently, knowledge of the roles of plant VOCs in the aboveground environment has led to the exploration of similar functions in the soil and rhizosphere. Moreover, VOC patterns have been recognized as sensitive and time‐dependent markers of biotic and abiotic stress. This focused review addresses these developments by presenting recent progress in VOC sampling and analysis. We show advances in the use of small, inexpensive sampling devices and describe methods to monitor plant VOC emissions in the belowground environment. We further address latest trends in real‐time measurements of volatilomes in plant phenotyping and most recent developments of small portable devices and VOC sensors for non‐invasive VOC fingerprinting of plant disease. These technologies allow for innovative approaches to study plant VOC biology and application in agriculture.
Obtaining Triplet from Quaternions
Authors: Atasoy Ali , Yaylı Yusuf
Published: January 2021

In this study, we obtain triplets from quaternions. First, we obtain triplets from real quaternions. Then, as an application of this, we obtain dual triplets from the dual quaternions. Quaternions, in many areas, it allows ease in calculations and geometric representation. Quaternions are four dimensions. The triplets are in three dimensions. When we express quaternions with triplets, our work is made even easier. Quaternions are very important in the display of rotational movements. Dual quaternions are important in the expression of screw movements. Reducing movements from four dimensions to three dimensions makes our work easier. This simplicity is achieved by obtaining triplets from quaternions.
Further molecular assessment of the distribution of Spanish sand racers (Lacertidae; Psammodromus)
Authors: Faria Joaquim Filipe , Carretero Miguel A , Harris David James
Published: January 2021

Three related and morphologically similar small Psammodromus species (P. hispanicus complex) occur in the Iberian Peninsula and Mediterranean France, Psammodromus hispanicus, Psammodromus occidentalis, and Psammodromus edwarsianus. Despite recent works, overall ranges of the species remain partially uncertain, in particular for Westernmost part of Iberia and South-western France. Here we include data from 15 additional specimens that were sequenced for part of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome b to allow comparison with published data. We provide genetic confirmation that P. edwarsianus is the species of the complex occurring in France, and that P. occidentalis occurs on coastal and inland Portugal. Within P. occidentalis notable diversity occurs for this marker, which warrants further investigation. Some areas, particularly southern Portugal, still need assessment to clarify the distribution of these mostly cryptic species across the region.
ACOUSTICAL STANDARDS NEWS
Authors: Blair-DeLeon Nancy A. , Struck Christopher J.
Published: January 2021

American National Standards (ANSI Standards) developed by Accredited Standards Committees S1, S2, S3, S3/SC 1, and S12 in the areas of acoustics, mechanical vibration and shock, bioacoustics, animal bioacoustics, and noise, respectively, are published by the Acoustical Society of America (ASA). In addition to these standards, ASA publishes a catalog of Acoustical American National Standards. To browse the latest copy of our catalog, visit our website at https://acousticalsociety.org/download-catalog/.

Comments are welcomed on all material in Acoustical Standards News.

This Acoustical Standards News section in JASA, as well as the National Catalog of Acoustical Standards and other information on the Standards Program of the Acoustical Society of America, are also available via the ASA Standards home page: https://acousticalsociety.org/acoustical-society-standards/.
Are There Associations Between Submaximal and Maximal Aerobic Power and International Ski Federation World Cup Ranking in Elite Alpine Skiers?
Authors: Schobersberger Wolfgang , Mairhofer Michael , Haslinger Simon , Koller Arnold , Raschner Christian , Puntscher Sibylle , Blank Cornelia
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To analyze the predictive value of parameters of submaximal and maximal cardiopulmonary exercise performance on International Ski Federation (Fédération Internationale de Ski) World Cup ranking (FIS ranking) in elite Austrian Alpine skiers. Methods: Over 7 World Cup seasons (2012–2018), exercise data (maximal oxygen uptake and maximum power output, lactate threshold 2, and ventilatory threshold 2, based on stepwise cycle spiroergometry) were analyzed to determine whether there was a correlation between world FIS ranking and exercise capacity of male and female elite Alpine skiers. Results: The data of 39 male skiers (age: 27.67 [4.20] y, body mass index: 26.03 [1.25] kg/m2) and 36 female skiers (age: 25.49 [3.18] y, body mass index: 22.97 [1.71] kg/m2) were included in this study. The maximum oxygen uptake and maximum power output ranged from 4.37 to 4.42 W/kg and 53.41 to 54.85 mL/kg/min in men and from 4.17 to 4.30 W/kg and 45.96 to 49.16 mL/kg/min in women, respectively, over the 7 seasons; the yearly mean FIS ranking ranged from 17 to 24 in men and 9 to 18 in women. In a fixed-effects model used for the subsequent panel regression analysis, no statistically significant effect on FIS ranking was found for the exercise parameters of interest. Conclusions: Neither maximal aerobic tests nor maximum power output significantly predicted competitive performance, as indexed by the FIS ranking. This reinforces the assumption that no single parameter determines competition performance in this complex sport. Therefore, identifying the optimum amount of endurance training remains a major challenge for athletes and coaches, as does identifying and improving the factors that determine performance.
Effects of Presession Well-Being Perception on Internal Training Load in Female Volleyball Players
Authors: Ungureanu Alexandru Nicolae , Brustio Paolo Riccardo , Boccia Gennaro , Rainoldi Alberto , Lupo Corrado
Published: January 2021

Purpose: To evaluate if the internal training load (ITL; Edwards heart rate [HR]-based and session-rating of perceived exertion [RPE] methods) is affected by the presession well-being perception, age, and position in elite (ie, Serie A2) female volleyball training. Methods: Twelve female elite volleyball players (age: 22 [4] y, height: 1.80 [0.06] m, body mass: 74.1 [4.3] kg) were monitored using an HR monitor during 32 team training sessions (duration: 1:36:12 [0:22:24], in h:min:s). Linear mixed-effects models were applied to evaluate if well-being perception (ie, perceived sleep quality/disorders, stress level, fatigue, and delayed-onset muscle soreness) may affect ITL depending on age and tactical position. Results: Presession perceived fatigue influenced ITL according to the session-RPE (P = .032) but not according to the Edwards method. Age was inversely correlated to the Edwards method (P < .001) and directly correlated to the session-RPE (P = .027). Finally, central blockers experienced a higher training load than hitters (P < .001) and liberos (P < .001) for the Edwards method, as well as higher than hitters (P < .001), liberos (P = .003), and setters (P = .008) for  session-RPE. Conclusions: Findings indicated that female volleyball players’ perceived ITL is influenced by presession well-being status, age, and position. Therefore, coaches can benefit from this information to specifically predict players’ ITL in relation to their individual characteristics.
Objectively Measured Sedentary Behavior and Physical Activity Across 3 Trimesters of Pregnancy: The Monitoring Movement and Health Study
Authors: Barone Gibbs Bethany , Jones Melissa A. , Jakicic John M. , Jeyabalan Arun , Whitaker Kara M. , Catov Janet M.
Published: January 2021

Background: Though moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity is recommended, limited research exists on sedentary behavior (SED) during pregnancy. Methods: The authors conducted a prospective cohort study to describe objectively measured patterns of SED and activity during each trimester of pregnancy. Women wore thigh- (activPAL3) and waist-mounted (ActiGraph GT3X) activity monitors. SED and activity were compared across trimesters using likelihood ratio tests and described using group-based trajectories. Exploratory analyses associated SED and activity trajectories with adverse pregnancy outcomes and excessive gestational weight gain. Results: Pregnant women (n = 105; mean [SD] age = 31 [5] y; prepregnancy body mass index = 26.2 [6.6] kg/m2) had mean SED of 9.7, 9.5, and 9.5 hours per day (P = .062) across trimesters, respectively. Some activities differed across trimesters: standing (increased, P = .01), stepping (highest in second trimester, P = .04), steps per day (highest in second trimester, P = .008), and moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (decreased, P < .001). Prolonged SED (bouts ≥ 30 min) and bouted moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (≥10 min) were stable (P > .05). In exploratory analyses, higher SED and lower standing, stepping, and steps per day trajectories were associated with increased odds of adverse pregnancy outcomes (P < .05). No trajectories were associated with excessive gestational weight gain. Conclusions: Pregnant women exhibited stable SED of nearly 10 hours per day across pregnancy. Future research evaluating SED across pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcome risk is warranted.
Once again, physicists ask, how magnetic is the muon?
Authors: Cho Adrian
Published: January 2021

First new result in 15 years could signal new particles.
Siberia may be long-sought site of dog domestication
Authors: Grimm David
Published: January 2021

Ancient DNA from people and dogs traces start of long companionship.
The human voice, in all its idiosyncratic glory
This Is the Voice
John Colapinto
Simon and Schuster, 2021. 320 pp.
Authors: DiRenzo Elizabeth Erickson
Published: January 2021

A deep dive into voice research covers lyrical lilts, gargled rasps, and everything in between
Increased tropical cyclone risk to coasts
Authors: Camargo Suzana J. , Wing Allison A.
Published: January 2021

The trends in tropical cyclones point to more frequent strong storms near land
Cross Talk between Gut Microbiota and Intestinal Mucosal Immunity in the Development of Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Zou Junfeng , Liu Chen , Jiang Shu , Qian Dawei , Duan Jinao
Published: January 2021

Ulcerative colitis (UC), a nonspecific inflammatory disease, is characterized by inflammation and mucosal damage in the colon, and its prevalence in the world is increasing. Nevertheless, the exact pathogenesis of UC is still unclear.
Supplemental Material: Fast Pliocene integration of the Central Anatolian Plateau drainage: Evidence, processes, and driving forces
Authors: Brocard G.Y. , al. et
Published: January 2021

Methods S1: description of the Middle Miocene surface. Methods S2: 40Ar-39Ar dating of volcanic rocks. Methods S3: 10Be erosion rates. Methods S4: Age of Pliocene final depositional surfaces. Methods S5: River incision rates.
Psychotic PTSD? Sudden traumatic loss precipitating very late onset schizophrenia
Authors: McIntosh Iris , Story Giles W
Published: January 2021

Early theories of schizophrenia considered the illness as a fragmentation of mental content in response to psychological trauma. Here we present a case of very late onset schizophrenia in a previously high-functioning man in his mid-60s, precipitated by having lost his family in a terrorist attack, while he was living in Africa. He presented with symptoms consistent with post-traumatic stress disorder, however also exhibited visual and auditory hallucinations and marked deterioration in daily functioning. He showed mild impairment on cognitive testing, however brain imaging and screening for reversible causes of cognitive impairment were normal. The case highlights the need for a formulation-based approach to understanding and managing responses to severe trauma, from resolution through to psychotic disintegration.
Disseminated cryptococcosis in a patient with newly diagnosed HTLV-1 infection
Authors: Motoa Gabriel , Powers Harry Ross , Brumble Lisa M
Published: January 2021

Infection by human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is often seen as the cause of chronic infection or lymphoproliferative disorders, but many clinicians do not recognise its association with severe immunosuppression. We report the case of a woman in her 70s from the Caribbean who sought care at the emergency department for weakness, fatigue and weight loss. Further work-up showed atypical lymphocytosis with floral lymphocytes and smudge cells in the peripheral blood smear and hypercalcaemia. Chest CT demonstrated a moderate right pleural effusion. Results of HIV testing were negative, and screening and confirmatory tests for HTLV-1 were positive. Empiric antibiotic therapy was administered, and the patient was discharged home. Five days later, she was readmitted with shortness of breath and severe abdominal pain. A disseminated infection withCryptococcus neoformanswas diagnosed. Despite aggressive intravenous antifungal therapy, the patient died on day 7 of hospitalisation.
Takotsubo cardiomyopathy with LVOT obstruction in a case of STEMI: a rare cause of peri-PCI hypotension
Authors: Fatima Shumail , Romeo Jared , Pacella John
Published: January 2021

Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TCM) associated with left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) obstruction in the event of an ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a rare cause of hypotension during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Herein, we describe a 57-year-old woman who presented with STEMI and underwent PCI. She developed hypotension which worsened during inotropic therapy. Echocardiography revealed evidence of LVOT obstruction in the setting of TCM. Therefore, inotropic support was promptly discontinued. Beta blockers and phenylephrine were rapidly administrated, resulting in improved blood pressure and stabilisation of the patient.
Paraneoplastic acquired haemophilia A in extensive-stage small cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) in the era of immunotherapy
Authors: Pauls Mehrnoosh , Rydz Natalia , Nixon Nancy A , Ezeife Doreen
Published: January 2021

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a deadly and rapidly progressive disease that can present with various paraneoplastic syndromes on initial workup. Acquired factor VIII (FVIII) deficiency, also known as acquired haemophilia A (AHA), has been identified as a rare paraneoplastic syndrome in SCLC. Here, we present a 61-year-old woman with a massive gastrointestinal bleed and prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) in the emergency department. She was diagnosed with rare paraneoplastic AHA secondary to extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). She was treated with high-dose steroids and factor bypassing agents, which led to the resolution of bleeding and undetectable FVIII inhibitor levels. She was subsequently treated for ES-SCLC with carboplatin, etoposide and atezolizumab. This case report highlights a rare clinical presentation of paraneoplastic AHA that necessitates prompt recognition in patients with SCLC with ongoing bleeding and elevated PTT.
Avascular island in the vascularised retina in zone II ROP
Authors: Narang Subina , Hans Amandeep , Kalra Navya Naveen , Chawla Deepak
Published: January 2021

We describe an atypical form of avascular island demarcated by a ridge in the vascularised retina of retinopathy of prematurity. Fundus fluorescein angiography showed an unusual finding of an avascular island demarcated by shunt vessels in vascularised retina posterior to the ridge. There is a need to document this finding as this could throw some light on the aetiopathogenesis of the disease.
Costal osteochondral graft for a postoperative cartilage defect in a patient with polydactyly
Authors: Nakagawa Keisuke , Hidaka Noriaki , Kitano Toshio , Nakamura Hiroaki
Published: January 2021

We present a case of a postoperative cartilage defect in a patient with polydactyly who was treated with a costal osteochondral graft. Excision of the radial digit and ligamentous periosteal flap with longitudinal osteotomy were performed when the patient was 1 year old. The alignment of the interphalangeal joint was straight after surgery, but the deviation gradually developed. A revision surgery using a costal osteochondral graft was performed when the patient was 3 years old. A satisfactory outcome was obtained at the 3-year follow-up. The authors suggest that a costal osteochondral graft may be a reasonable option for revision surgery for a postoperative cartilage defect.
Recurrent chronic thromboembolic disease despite optimal anticoagulation in setting of recent COVID-19 infection
Authors: Terrigno Vittorio Romeo , Ricketti Daniel Anthony , Patel Pranav , Roy Satyajeet
Published: January 2021

We present a case of a 38-year-old man with a history of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension on therapeutic anticoagulation and recent hospitalisation for COVID-19 disease who was hospitalised for recurrent acute pulmonary embolism despite therapeutic anticoagulation with warfarin (International Normalized Ratio (INR) of 3.0). Our case highlights the hypercoagulable state associated with COVID-19 disease and the absence of standardised approaches to anticoagulation treatment for this population.
Mixed histology bladder cancer as a complication of clam ileocystoplasty
Authors: Nip Lawrence , Salmo Emil , Surange Raveendra , Calleary John
Published: January 2021

A 58-year-old woman with a previous clam ileocystoplasty was referred to the urology department for the investigation of haematuria. CT urogram showed a large left-sided soft tissue mass arising from the bladder. Histological analysis of the shavings from transurethral resection revealed a G3pT2 transitional cell carcinoma and T4N1Mx adenocarcinoma. The patient was referred to oncology for the discussion of palliative chemotherapy; however, in the interim she deteriorated and was admitted to hospital with a post-renal acute kidney injury. A right-sided nephrostomy was inserted relieving her obstruction and she subsequently made a good recovery. This case report illustrates the difficulties in the long-term follow-up of patients having undergone what is now a rarely performed procedure. In the absence of regular cystoscopic follow-up post ileocystoplasty, malignancy may present late and with complications from advanced disease.
Giant desmoid tumour of abdominal wall: resection and reconstruction by posterior component separation
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Mishra Tushar Subhadarshan , Sethi Mahesh , Mishra Swastik
Published: January 2021

Management of large abdominal wall desmoid tumours is complicated due to the unpredictable behaviour of desmoids and the need for laborious reconstruction of the abdominal wall after wide local excision. A multidisciplinary team approach, including surgeons, oncologists and plastic surgeons, is necessary for proper management. This case highlights the diagnostic and surgical challenges related to the reconstruction of abdominal wall defect, after radical excision of a 30×30×25 cm desmoid tumour, originating from left rectus muscle. The defect was closed successfully by a perspicuous technique of posterior component separation. The awareness of this straightforward technique will allow the surgeons to do these radical procedures with confidence and without any consternation of complex reconstructive procedures.
Rare pathology in a trauma patient: air embolism following peripheral intravenous access
Authors: Yeung Enoch , Adeboye Adeolu , Granet Paul , Casos Steven
Published: January 2021

A 62-year-old man presented as a trauma alert after a farm tractor accident. He was managed according to ATLS protocol. During initial trauma resuscitation, he developed an iatrogenic air embolus. The patient was treated conservatively by positioning him head down and tilted to the left (Durant’s manoeuvre). Repeat CT scan performed 4 hours later showed resolution of the air embolus. He had no sequelae.
Antibiotic-Loaded Bone Cement in Prevention of Periprosthetic Joint Infections in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Register-based Multicentre Randomised Controlled Non-inferiority Trial (ALBA trial)
Authors: Leta Tesfaye H , Gjertsen Jan-Erik , Dale Håvard , Hallan Geir , Lygre Stein Håkon Låstad , Fenstad Anne Marie , Dyrhovden Gro Sævik , Westberg Marianne , Wik Tina Stromdal , Jakobsen Rune Bruhn , Aamodt Arild , Röhrl Stephan Maximillian , Gøthesen Øystein Johannes , Lindalen Einar , Heir Stig , Ludvigsen Jarle , Bruun Trond , Hansen Ann Kristin , Aune Knut Erik Moen , Warholm Marianne , Skjetne John Petter , Badawy Mona , Høvding Pål , Husby Otto Schnell , Karlsen Øystein Espeland , Furnes Ove
Published: January 2021

Introduction

The current evidence on the efficacy of antibiotic-loaded bone cement (ALBC) in reducing the risk of periprosthetic joint infections (PJI) after primary joint reconstruction is insufficient. In several European countries, the use of ALBC is routine practice unlike in the USA where ALBC use is not approved in low-risk patients. Therefore, we designed a double-blinded pragmatic multicentre register-based randomised controlled non-inferiority trial to investigate the effects of ALBC compared with plain bone cement in primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods and analysis

A minimum of 9,172 patients undergoing full-cemented primary TKA will be recruited and equally randomised into the ALBC group and the plain bone cement group. This trial will be conducted in Norwegian hospitals that routinely perform cemented primary TKA. The primary outcome will be risk of revision surgery due to PJI at 1-year of follow-up. Secondary outcomes will be: risk of revision due to any reason including aseptic loosening at 1, 6, 10 and 20 years of follow-up; patient-related outcome measures like function, pain, satisfaction and health-related quality of life at 1, 6 and 10 years of follow-up; risk of changes in the microbial pattern and resistance profiles of organisms cultured in subsequent revisions at 1, 6, 10 and 20 years of follow-up; cost-effectiveness of routine ALBC versus plain bone cement use in primary TKA. We will use 1:1 randomisation with random permuted blocks and stratify by participating hospitals to randomise patients to receive ALBC or plain bone cement. Inclusion, randomisation and follow-up will be through the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register.

Ethics and dissemination

The trial was approved by the Western Norway Regional Committees on Medical and Health Research Ethics (reference number: 2019/751/REK vest) on 21 June 2019. The findings of this trial will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations.

Trial registration number

NCT04135170.
Protocol for the Stather Canadian Outcomes Registry for Chest ProcedurEs (SCOPE)
Authors: Tremblay Alain , Chee Alex C , Dhaliwal Inderdeep , Dumoulin Elaine , Gillson Ashley , MacEachern Paul R , Mitchell Michael , Schieman Colin , Stollery Daniel , Li Pen , Fortin Marc , Tyan Chung C , Vakil Erik , Hergott Christopher
Published: January 2021

Introduction

The Stather Canadian Outcomes registry for chest ProcedurEs (SCOPE registry) is a Canadian multicentre registry of chest procedures.

Methods and analysis

The SCOPE registry is designed as a multicentre prospective database of specific bronchoscopic or other pulmonary procedures. Each procedure of interest will be associated with a registry module, and data capture designed to evaluate effectiveness of procedures on relevant patient outcomes. Participating physicians will be asked to enter data for all procedures performed in a given module. The anonymised dataset will be housed in a web-based electronic secure database. Specific modules included will be based on participating physician suggestions, capacity and consensus of the steering committee and relevance of hypotheses/research potential.

Ethics and dissemination

The central registry is under approval from the Conjoint Health Research Ethics Board at the University of Calgary. We aim for registry data to lead to publication of manuscripts in international medical journals as the primary mode of dissemination. Data may also be used by local investigators for personal and/or institutional quality control purposes as well as to inform health policies. Data requests from non-participating investigators for use under ethics approved research protocols can be considered.
Orotracheal intubation incorporating aerosol-mitigating strategies by anaesthesiologists, intensivists and emergency physicians: a simulation study
Authors: Silveira Saullo Queiroz , da Silva Leopoldo Muniz , Ho Anthony M-H , Kakuda Cláudio Muller , Santos Daniel Wagner de Castro Lima , Nersessian Rafael Souza Fava , Abib Arthur de Campos Vieira , de Sousa Marcella Pellicciotti , Mizubuti Glenio Bitencourt
Published: January 2021

Background

Orotracheal intubation (OTI) can result in aerosolisation leading to an increased risk of infection for healthcare providers, a key concern during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the OTI time and success rate of two aerosol-mitigating strategies under direct laryngoscopy and videolaryngoscopy performed by anaesthesiologists, intensive care physicians and emergency physicians who were voluntarily recruited for OTI in an airway simulation model.

Methodology

The outcomes were successful OTI, degree of airway visualisation and time required for OTI. Not using a stylet during OTI reduced the success rate among non-anaesthesiologists and increased the time required for intubation, regardless of the laryngoscopy device used.

Results

Success rates were similar among physicians from different specialties during OTI using videolaryngoscopy with a stylet. The time required for successful OTI by intensive care and emergency physicians using videolaryngoscopy with a stylet was longer compared with anaesthesiologists using the same technique. Videolaryngoscopy increased the time required for OTI among intensive care physicians compared with direct laryngoscopy. The aerosol-mitigating strategy under direct laryngoscopy with stylet did not increase the time required for intubation, nor did it interfere with OTI success, regardless of the specialty of the performing physician.

Conclusions

The use of a stylet within the endotracheal tube, especially for non-anaesthesiologists, had an impact on OTI success rates and decreased procedural time.
CDC Rowland oilseed flax
Authors: Booker Helen M. , Kutcher Randy H. , Rashid Khalid Y.
Published: January 2021

CDC Rowland, a late-maturing oilseed flax (Linum usitatissimum L.), was registered in 2018 by the Crop Development Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. This cultivar had a significant yield advantage (12% higher) comparable to CDC Bethune in all soil zones of the Northern Prairies. The yield of CDC Rowland was 117%, 116%, and 105% of CDC Bethune in the Black, Brown, Black and Grey soil zones of Western Canada, respectively. This cultivar has medium (44.6%) oil content, superior oil quality (IV 194.5; ALA content 59.3%), and large seed size (TSW 6.8 g) coupled with resistance to lodging. It is immune to North American rust (race 371) caused by Melampsora lini and moderately resistant to wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lini and powdery mildew caused by Oidium lini.
Stable isotope analysis suggests that tetrodotoxin-resistant Common Gartersnakes (Thamnophis sirtalis) rarely feed on newts in the wild
Authors: Durso Andrew M. , Neuman-Lee Lorin A. , Hopkins Gareth R. , Brodie Edmund D.
Published: January 2021

Toxin-resistant predators may suffer costs from eating chemically defended prey and do not feed exclusively on toxic prey. Common Gartersnakes (Thamnophis sirtalis (Linnaeus, 1758)) have been considered the drivers of an evolutionary arms race with highly toxic newts (genus Taricha Gray, 1850), which they consume with few or no deleterious effects. However, how frequently newts are consumed in nature is less clear. To address this question, we investigated the diets of Th. sirtalis at a site in central Oregon where snakes have high levels of resistance and newts have high levels of tetrodotoxin in the skin. Because snake diets are difficult to quantify using traditional means, we used stable isotopes to estimate the proportion of Th. sirtalis diets made up of newts. Our estimate for the proportion of Th. sirtalis diet made up of Rough-skinned Newts (Taricha granulosa (Skilton, 1849)) at this site is 3.2%. Mole Salamanders (genus Ambystoma Tschudi, 1838) were predicted to be the most important prey, followed by slugs, chorus frogs, and mice, with a very minor role for earthworms. Our results demonstrate that even though Th. sirtalis are physiologically capable of consuming toxic prey, they do not often do so. Generalist predators can be exposed to very strong selection from, and exert reciprocal selection on even rarely eaten, chemically defended prey.
Straightening of superconducting HERA dipoles for the any-light-particle-search experiment ALPS II
Authors: Albrecht Clemens , Barbanotti Serena , Hintz Heiko , Jensch Kai , Klos Ronald , Maschmann Wolfgang , Sawlanski Olaf , Stolper Matthias , Trines Dieter
Published: January 2021

At DESY the ALPS II experiment is being installed in the HERA tunnel to search for axion like particles. A laser beam will be injected into the magnetic field of a string of superconducting (s.c.) dipole magnets, available from the HERA proton storage ring, to produce axion like particles. After passing a light tight wall, the ALPs can reconvert into photons in a second string of HERA s.c. dipoles. The sensitivity of the experiment will be increased by two mode-matched optical cavities before and behind the wall. The dipoles for the HERA storage ring are curved, suited for stored proton beam. However, the curvature of the magnets limits the aperture and hence the performance of the optical resonators beyond a certain length. As the sensitivity of the search scales with the length of the magnetic field, the aperture for the optical resonators inside the HERA dipoles was increased by straightening the curved magnet yoke. The procedure of straightening the s.c. HERA dipoles is described in this report.
Internet of Things (IoT): Classification, Secured Architecture Based on Data Sensitivity, Security Issues and Their Countermeasures
Authors: Mohideen Bremnavas Ismail , Assiri Basem
Published: January 2021

In recent decades, the communication of electronic equipment and physical resources is combined. Internet of Things (IoT) distributes things widely in the network. The IoT is Internet-based pervasive computing, which created significant development in the recent disposition of IoT infrastructures. The IoT infrastructures lead, manage and generate large amounts of data across various applications including environmental, transportation and healthcare monitoring. In this regard, there are salient uncertainties about the use of security concepts that are frequently measured as a major concern of IoT distributed architecture design. This paper mainly focuses on the classification of IoT, novel architecture considering the sensitivity of data, IoT security layers, review of security issues and acclaimed countermeasures.
Super-conductive plastic crystal-based materials as the interface layers for solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Wu Jie , Gao Jingxiong , Bao Luri , Wu Yongming , Zhu Lei , Zhao Jinbao , Xue Mei , Tang Weiping
Published: January 2021

Safe solid-state lithium metal batteries (SSLMBs) with high energy density are in great demand for electrical vehicles and large-scale energy storage systems. The interfacial challenges including large interface resistance and untoward reactions have an enormous impact on the rate performance and cycle stability of SSLMBs. Hence, in this work, plastic crystal-based materials are proposed as the interface layers to reduce the interfacial impedance and prevent side reactions between solid electrolytes and Li anode. The plastic crystal-based materials can enable in-situ solidification between solid electrolytes and Li anode and show high ion conductivity of up to [Formula: see text]10[Formula: see text] S ⋅ cm[Formula: see text], high Li ion transference number, and good chemical and electrochemical stability against Li metal, indicating they are suitable to be used as the interface layers for SSLMBs.
China’s Hybrid Geoeconomics in South America
Authors: Rodrigues Bernardo Salgado
Published: January 2021

Since its entry into the WTO in 2001, Chinese expansion in South America has been increasingly evident, mainly in economic and financial terms. However, it is verified that a more active participation has been presenting a duality that generates, concomitantly, benefits and harms for the South American economies. This article seeks to discuss this specific characteristic, presenting the hypothesis of the establishment of a hybrid geoeconomy, defined as the use of economic instruments through a multifarious and asymmetric dualism. Thus, based on an empirical-deductive methodology based on quantitative and qualitative data, the objective is to show that even though the Chinese geoeconomic instruments are a non-imposing strategy, they can result in negative externalities for the South American productive structures and intraregional flows in the long run. This work is divided into three sections, in addition to the present introduction and the final considerations: First, the theoretical-conceptual definition of what is called hybrid geoeconomics will be carried out, based on a discussion of a geopolitical and geoeconomic nature. Subsequently, Chinese economic instruments in South America will be evaluated in quantitative terms, basically using data from trade flows, foreign direct investments and loans, over the period from 2001 to 2016. In the last section, we intend to qualify the debate on China’s hybrid geoeconomics in South American territory, demonstrating its intrinsic characteristics, as well as its objectives, counterparts, protagonists and models. Therefore, it is concluded that the Chinese presence has been changing the geopolitical and geoeconomic map of South America, with positive and negative impacts.
Architectural and Tectonic Control on the Segmentation of the Central American Volcanic Arc
Authors: Gazel Esteban , Flores Kennet E. , Carr Michael J.
Published: January 2021

Central America has a rich mix of conditions that allow comparisons of different natural experiments in the generation of arc magmas within the relatively short length of the margin. The shape of the volcanic front and this margin's architecture derive from the assemblage of exotic continental and oceanic crustal slivers, and later modification by volcanism and tectonic activity. Active tectonics of the Cocos-Caribbean plate boundary are strongly influenced by oblique subduction, resulting in a narrow volcanic front segmented by right steps occurring at ∼150-km intervals. The largest volcanic centers are located where depths to the slab are ∼90–110 km. Volcanoes that develop above deeper sections of the subducting slab are less voluminous and better record source geochemical heterogeneity. Extreme variations in isotopic and trace element ratios are derived from different components of thesubducted oceanic lithosphere. However, the extent that volcanoes sample these signatures is also influenced by lithospheric structures that control the arc segmentation. ▪  The architecture of Central America derives from the assemblage of exotic continental and oceanic crustal slivers modified by arc magmatism and tectonic processes. ▪  Active tectonics in Central America are controlled by oblique subduction. ▪  The lithospheric architecture and tectonics define the segmentation of the volcanic front, and thus the depth to the slab below a volcanic center. ▪  The composition of the subducted material is the main control of the along arc geochemical variations observed in Central American volcanoes. ▪  Geochemical heterogeneity in each segment is highlighted by extreme compositions representing the smaller centers with variations up to 65% of the total observed range.
My Life in Changing Times: New Ideas and New Techniques
Authors: Lynden-Bell Ruth M.
Published: January 2021

I describe some of the science that I have been involved in during the last 60 years and the changes in equipment that made it possible. Starting with an interest in spectroscopy and measurement of NMR parameters, I moved to work on theoretical aspects of spin systems and infrared and Raman line shapes. This morphed into using the new technique of computer simulation to study such problems. The last half of my working life has concentrated on the application of computer simulation to a number of problems culminating in pioneering investigations of the behavior of ionic liquids.
Degradation of Salbutamol in Solution by Electrochemical Methods
Authors: Palacios-Arreola Luis Enrique , Esquivel-Sánchez Lourdes Patricia , Balderas-Hernández Patricia , Roa-Morales Gabriela
Published: January 2021

Salbutamol is a β2 agonist drug that is amongst the top ten prescribed drugs in the United States, therefore, residues of this molecule and its metabolites have been found in natural bodies of water making it a health and environmental problem. To face this problem an electrochemical oxidation treatment was developed, and the results showed that the procedure is viable as an alternative for the degradation of said analyte, hoping it could be used as a tool in water treatment processes.
Simulation of a Solid Phase Cathodic Electro-Fenton Process as an Alternative for Improving the Quality of Treated Water
Authors: Romero Orellana Luis Alberto , Oropeza-Guzmán Mercedes Teresita , Valle-Trujillo Paul Antonio , Gochi-Ponce Yadira
Published: January 2021

In electrochemistry, advanced oxidation processes based on electro-Fenton is an advantageous ecological technique due to its excellent efficiency, high availability, and environmental compatibility. In this work, a combined electrolytic process is simulated using a solid phase cathodic electro-Fenton combined with an advanced anodic oxidation, expecting to adapt the whole process to a wastewater treatment plant. The decomposition of methylene blue (MB) was used as a simulation model. An iterative method was used to solve the Nernst-Planck equation in an electrolytic cell whose reaction products are H2O2 and •OH, using COMSOL Multiphysics®. The distance between the electrodes decreases from 1.9 to 0.2 cm. The concentration of the products increases, according to H2O2 from 0.02 to 0.21 and •OH from 0.01 to 0.28 mM. The model also predict the whole MB conversion.
Synthesis of Colloidal CuNPs Using the Extract of Thuja Orientalis
Authors: García-Hernández Laura , Flores-Saldivar Jose Antonio , Ramirez Ortega Pedro , Flores Guerrero Mizraim Uriel
Published: January 2021

Green synthesis as an alternative technique for bioproduction of metallic nanomaterials has presented a great interest due to the composition of reducing agents in plants, bacteria, and fungi that favor the production of nanostructured materials. In this investigation, the extract of Thuja Orientalis was used to evaluate the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. The species presents biomolecules which make it a candidate for the reduction of metal ions. The FTIR analysis showed the presence of functional groups OH, CH, C=O, COOH, -OCH3, C-O-C proper to polyphenols, terpenes, and ligands. The kinetics of CuNPs synthesis was analyzed by UV-vis in which a narrow absorbance band was shown at 400 nm after 20 minutes of reaction using a concentration of precursor agent of 50 mM, giving us indications of a homogeneous system of nanoparticles, which was corroborated by SEM obtaining a particle size between 5-60 nm with a spherical morphology. By cyclic voltammetry, the reducing power of the extract against the ions of Cu+2 to Cu0 was demonstrated, as well as its tendency to oxidation, which can have great advantages in different applications.
EIS Analysis of Electro Sprayed Chitosan Membranes as Coating Over Magnesium in SBF as Used in Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ramírez Reyes José Luis , Gaytán-Macías Deni , Galicia-Aguilar Gonzalo , Tinoco-magaña Julio Cesar , Martínez-López Andrea , González-Mancera Guillermina
Published: January 2021

Magnesium and its alloys have been used as biodegradable materials with high potential in biomedical applications such as temporary and absorbable implants. A biodegradable coating system was evaluated here from a chitosan solution and a gelatin additive in acetic acid, which was applied by means of the electrospray procedure and another glutaraldehyde crosslinking additive was used. Magnesium and the coatings system in a Kokubo solution at 37°C to simulate body conditions and the Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) technique for corrosion studies was studied. The obtained electrochemical response was analyzed using a proposed equivalent circuits, composed of circuit elements, such as resistors (R), capacitances (C), inductances (L), and considering the influence of the finite diffusion (O) and the Warburg type (W). The electrochemical parameters allow us to estimate the time constants of each studied corrosion system and the sought interpretation of the phenomenon with the physical processes that occur at the electrochemical interface of Mg and its anticorrosive protection.
Effect of Electrochemical Anodization on the Hardness of Grade 2 Titanium Using Aqueous HCl as Electrolytic Solution
Authors: Maytorena Sánchez Alan , Hernández Torres Julian , López Huerta Francisco , Hernández Montiel Samuel , Zamora Peredo Luis , Orozco Cruz Ricardo , García González Leandro
Published: January 2021

Currently, there are different synthesis techniques to obtain new materials, however, one of the most used is electrochemical anodizing, which, by means of oxide-reduction reactions, allows modifying the surface of a metal, thus generating an oxide layer that protects the material in such a way that it improves its hardness values. In this research work, an electrochemical anodizing process was carried out on titanium grade 2, using HCl in aqueous solution with a concentration of 0.15 M and with voltage variation of 10V, 11V, 12V, 13V, and 14V as electrolyte. Subsequently, an annealing process was carried out at 550°C for 4h to obtain a crystalline titanium oxide coating. For the analysis of the oxide layer obtained, Vickers hardness tests were carried out with an applied load of 50g. The presence of a titanium oxide layer improved the hardness values ​​from 2.07 GPa to 4.12 GPa.
Evaluation of Curcuma Longa as Corrosion Green Inhibitor for 1018 Steel in Media Chloride
Authors: Chávez Diaz Germán , Uruchurtu Chavarín Jorge , Valladares-Cisneros Maria Guadalupe
Published: January 2021

The present work evaluates two different inhibitors, hexane and methanol extracts obtained of Curcuma longa (C. longa), as green corrosion inhibitors for 1018 carbon steel immersed in chloride solution 3% using electrochemical techniques. The Inhibition Efficiency (IE) was obtained from Potentiodynamic Polarization Curves (PPC) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). Corrosion rate, inhibition efficiency, and adsorption isotherms were obtained for the better green inhibitor. The C. longa methanol green inhibitor reached 93.68% of IE obtained by EIS and reduced in two orders of magnitude corrosion rate. It acts as mixed-type inhibitor. It was concluded that C. longa has a potential of application as green corrosion inhibitor for steel in media chloride.
Evaluation of 3a-Hydroximasticadienoic Acid as a Corrosion Inhibitor for Silver in Saline Environment
Authors: Espinoza Vazquez Araceli , Moreno Cerros Diego , Rodriguez Francisco , Pérez Vásquez Araceli , Mata Rachel
Published: January 2021

The 3a-hydroxymasticadienoic compound (3-HM) was evaluated as a corrosion inhibitor in presence of chlorides using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The results obtained showed the best concentration is 50 ppm with an inhibition efficiency of 68.4% for sterling silver. This organic molecule exhibits anodic-like behavior as an inhibitor. 3-HM acid inhibition is maintained up to 480 hours with 88.86% efficiency. Finally, the type of adsorption is of the combined type according to the Langmuir model.
Corrosion Inhibition of Strictosamide on Brass in Presence of Chlorides for their Conservation
Authors: Espinoza Vazquez Araceli , Dávila Acuña David , Rodriguez Francisco
Published: January 2021

By means of the technique of Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, the protective effect of Paraloid as coating and with the addition of strictosamide as corrosion inhibitor was analyzed. At a concentration of 50 mg/m2, a 69% of efficiency was reached, being the best concentration to protect the metallic surface. However, when the strictosamide was applied in concentrations of 20 mg/m², it was observed that the corrosion was promoted, even more than when the Paraloid was not applied.
Assessment of the Corrosion Behavior of FeAl Based Intermetallics in NaCl Solution
Authors: Sosa Eliceo , Carbajal-De la Torre Georgina , Espinosa-Medina Marco Antonio
Published: January 2021

The corrosion assessment of intermetallic based-FeAl alloys with Ag and Li (3 at. %) produced by casting in induction furnace was realized. The corrosion study of intermetallic alloys immersed in a NaCl aqueous dissolution was done by electrochemical characterizations using the cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy techniques. According to the results of the microstructural characterization, the base alloy was composed for the Fe3Al minority phase homogeneously distributed in the FeAl matrix phase. Additionally, the addition of Li and Ag promoted the modification of microstructure morphology and the quantity of the observed minority phase. The CV results showed an active oxidation behavior and a partially passive region between the oxidation potential values. The EIS results suggest the presence of an active corrosion behavior associated with a localized corrosion mechanism. The electrochemical results were complemented by microstructural and chemical characterization by the use of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray energy dispersion.
Corrosion Study of Galvanized and AISI 1018 Steels Embedded in Ternary Concrete
Authors: Landa Aldo Emelio , López-López Ari Yamir , Fajardo San Miguel Gerardo , Hernandez Miguel Ángel , Orozco Cruz Ricardo , Galván Martínez R.
Published: January 2021

In this research, the corrosion evaluation of carbon steel (AISI 1018) and galvanized steel embedded in ternary concretes was carried out with the electrochemical techniques of Linear Polarization Resistance (LPR) and Electrochemical Noise (EN). Concretes were elaborated with relation to a/c = 0.45, and it was carried out the partial substitution of the ordinary portland cement (OPC) in 10, 20, and 30% by sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) and fly ash (FA). According to the EN analysis, the corrosion rate (Vcorr) is obtained as an indicator of the degradation of AISI 1018 and galvanized steels, where it is observed that the steels embedded in 15S15F concrete present an average decrease of Vcorr of 19 and 90% respectively, with respect to the steels embedded in REF concrete.