bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Free flexural vibration studies on laminated composite skew plates
Authors: Srinivasa C.V. , Suresh Y.J. , Prema Kumar W.P.
Published: January 2013

This paper presents studies made on fundamental flexural frequencies of isotropic and laminated composite skew plates with simply supported and clamped boundary conditions. The fundamental flexural frequencies have been obtained using finite element, the accuracy of which is verified against literature values. The effects of the skew angle, aspect ratio and length-tothickness- ratio on the fundamental frequency of isotropic skew plates are presented. In addition, the effect of parameters such as skew angle, fiber orientation angle, numbers of layers in the laminate and laminate sequence on the fundamental frequencies of antisymmetric composite laminates have also been presented. It is found that the CQUAD8 element yields better results than the CQUAD4 element in the said study of free flexural vibration. The frequencies are found to increase with the skew angle. When the number of layers in the laminate is large, the variation of frequency with the number of layers is not appreciable.Keywords: Skew Plates, Antisymmetric Laminates, Free Flexural Vibration, Fundamental Frequency Coefficient, Frequency Ratio
Simulated annealing approach for solving economic load dispatch problems with valve point loading effects
Authors: Vishwakarma Kamlesh Kumar , Dubey Hari Mohan , Pandit Manjaree , Panigrahi B.K.
Published: January 2013

This paper presents Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithm for optimization inspired by the process of annealing in thermodynamics to solve economic load dispatch (ELD) problems. The proposed approach is found to provide optimal results while working with operating constraints in the ELD and valve point loadings effects. In order to prove the robustness of the algorithm it is investigated on four different standard test cases consisting of 3, 13, 40 generating unit system with valve point effect and a Crete Island system of 18 thermal generating units having convex fuel cost characteristics. The proposed method has been compared with other existing relevant approaches available in literatures. Experimental results support to justify superiority of the approach over other reported techniques in terms of fast convergence, robustness and most significantly its optimal search behavior.Keywords: Thermodynamics, Simulated Annealing, Economic load dispatch, Valve point loadings effects
Numerical modeling of stresses and buckling loads of isogrid lattice composite structure cylinders
Authors: Kanou H , Nabavi S.M. , Jam J.E.
Published: January 2013

Isogrid composite lattice cylindrical structure with or without skins which consists of a system of ±ϕ (with respect to the shell axis) helical ribs and circumferential ribs, and has no skins or has skins was studied in a numerical method using ANSYS software, where in this model axial compression and/or pressure loads are applied, to determine the different failure modes which are, failure due to stress exceeds material strength, failure due to local buckling of ribs (crippling), failure due to general buckling of the cylinder and failure due to local buckling skin if the skin is existed. An example was studied to compare the results obtained from the numerical method and other research article.Keywords: FEM, Composite Structures, Isogrid Lattice, Buckling Load
Characterization of Odin-OSIRIS ozone profiles with the SAGE II dataset
Authors: Adams C. , Bourassa A. E. , Bathgate A. F. , McLinden C. A. , Lloyd N. D. , Roth C. Z. , Llewellyn E. J. , Zawodny J. M. , Flittner D. E. , Manney G. L. , Daffer W. H. , Degenstein D. A.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The Optical Spectrograph and InfraRed Imaging System (OSIRIS) on board the Odin spacecraft has been taking limb-scattered measurements of ozone number density profiles from 2001–present. The Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II (SAGE II) took solar occultation measurements of ozone number densities from 1984–2005 and has been used in many studies of long-term ozone trends. We present the characterization of OSIRIS SaskMART v5.0x against the new SAGE II v7.00 ozone profiles for 2001–2005, the period over which these two missions had overlap. This information can be used to merge OSIRIS and other satellite ozone measurements with SAGE II into a single ozone record from 1984 to the present. Coincident measurement pairs were selected for ±1 h, ±1° latitude, and ±500 km. The absolute value of the resulting mean relative difference profile was < 5% for 13.5–54.5km and < 3% for 24.5–53.5 km. Correlation coefficients R > 0.9 were calculated for 13.5–49.5 km, demonstrating excellent overall agreement between the two datasets. Coincidence criteria were relaxed to maximize the number of measurement pairs and the conditions under which measurements were taken. With the broad coincidence criteria, good agreement (< 5%) was observed under most conditions for 20.5–40.5 km. However, mean relative differences do exceed 5% under several cases. Above 50 km, differences between OSIRIS and SAGE II are partly attributed to the diurnal variation of ozone. OSIRIS data are biased high compared with SAGE II at 22.5 km, particularly at high latitudes. The OSIRIS optics temperature is low (< 16 °C) during May–July, when the satellite enters the Earth's shadow for part of its orbit. During this period, OSIRIS measurements are biased low by 5–12% for 27.5–38.5 km. Biases between OSIRIS ascending node (northward equatorial crossing time ~ 18:00 LT) and descending node (southward equatorial crossing time ~ 06:00 LT) measurements are also noted under some conditions. This work demonstrates that OSIRIS and SAGE II have excellent overall agreement and characterizes the biases between these datasets.
A low-cost portable fibre-optic spectrometer for atmospheric absorption studies
Authors: Bailey J.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. A compact and portable solar absorption spectrometer based on fibre-optic Fabry–Perot technology has been built and tested. The instrument weighs only 4.2 kg and operates from 5 W of power from internal batteries. It provides spectroscopy over the range from 5980–6580 cm−1 (1.52–1.67 μm) at a resolution of 0.16 cm−1. The input to the spectrometer is via single-mode optical fibre from a solar tracking system. Spectral scanning is carried out with a piezoelectrically scanned fibre Fabry–Perot tunable filter. Software has been developed to calibrate the spectra in wavelength and relative flux. The signal to noise ratio in solar spectra is about 700 for a spectrum scanned at 200 milliseconds per spectral point. The techniques used should be capable of being adapted to a range of wavelengths and to higher or lower resolutions.
Impact of physical processes on the phytoplankton blooms in the South China Sea: an eddy-resolving physical-biological model study
Authors: Sasai Y. , Sasaki H. , Richards K. J.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. An eddy-resolving coupled physical-biological ocean model has been employed to investigate the physical influences on phytoplankton blooms in the South China Sea during 2000–2007. The model captures the seasonal and interannual variability of surface chlorophyll distribution associated with mesoscale eddies, ocean circulation and upwelling generated by the monsoon winds. The model also reproduces the high chlorophyll distributions in two coastal upwelling regions: the northwestern Luzon in winter and the eastern coast of Vietnam in summer. To the northwest of Luzon, the monsoon driven-upwelling, anticyclonic eddies, and the intrusion of the Kuroshio have a large impact on the winter phytoplankton bloom. The model shows the winter phytoplankton bloom is induced by the shallow nutricline depth under the northeast monsoon. Strong vertical motions at the edge of anticyclonic eddies enhance the phytoplankton bloom and produce the filamentary structure. Off the eastern coast of Vietnam, the monsoon-driven upwelling and anticyclonic circulation control the high chlorophyll distribution in summer. During the southwest monsoon, strong offshore Ekman transport and upwelling occur and increase the surface chlorophyll. The high chlorophyll is advected from the coast to open ocean by the strong offshore circulation.
Multiyear precipitation reduction strongly decrease carbon uptake over North China
Authors: Yuan W. P. , Liu D. , Dong W. J. , Liu S. G. , Zhou G. S. , Yu G. R. , Zhao T. B. , Feng J. M. , Ma Z. G. , Chen J. Q. , Chen Y. , Chen S. P. , Han S. J. , Huang J. P. , Li L. H. , Liu H. Z. , Liu S. M. , Ma M. G. , Wang Y. F. , Xia J. Z. , Xu W. F. , Zhang Q. , Zhao X. Q. , Zhao L.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Drought has been a concern of global and regional water, carbon and energy cycles. From 1999 to 2011, North China experienced a multiyear precipitation reduction, which decreased significantly water availability as indicated by decreased soil moisture and Palmer Drought Severity Index. In this study, three light use efficiency models (CASA, MODIS-GPP and EC-LUE) and one dynamic vegetation model (IBIS) were used to characterize the impacts of long-term drought on terrestrial carbon fluxes over the North China. All of four models showed the reduction in averaged GPP of 0.026–0.047 Pg C yr−1 from 1999 to 2011 compared to 1982–2011. Based on IBIS model, simulated ecosystem respiration fell from 1999 to 2011 by 0.016 Pg C yr−1. Multiple precipitation reduction changed the regional carbon uptake of 0.0014 Pg C yr−1 from 1982 to 1998 to a~net source of 0.018 Pg C yr−1. Moreover, a pronounced decrease of maize yield was found ranging from 1999 to 2011 versus the average of 1978–2011 at almost all provinces over the study region. The largest reduction of maize yield occurred in the Beijing (2499 kg ha−1 yr−1), Jilin (2180 kg ha−1 yr−1), Tianjing (1923 kg ha−1 yr−1) and Heilongjiang (1791 kg ha−1 yr−1), and maize yield anomaly was significantly correlated with the precipitation through May and September over the entire study area. Our results revealed that recent climate change, and especially drought-induced water stress, is the dominant cause of the reduction in the terrestrial carbon sink.
Insights into mechanisms governing forest carbon response to nitrogen deposition: a model-data comparison using observed responses to nitrogen addition
Authors: Thomas R. Q. , Bonan G. B. , Goodale C. L.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. In many forest ecosystems, nitrogen (N) deposition enhances plant uptake of carbon dioxide, thus reducing climate warming from fossil fuel emissions. Therefore, accurately modeling how forest carbon (C) sequestration responds to N deposition is critical for understanding how future changes in N availability will influence climate. Here, we use observations of forest C response to N inputs along N deposition gradients and at five temperate forest sites with fertilization experiments to test and improve a~global biogeochemical model (CLM-CN 4.0). We show that the CLM-CN plant C growth response to N deposition was smaller than observed and the modeled response to N fertilization was larger than observed. A set of modifications to the CLM-CN improved the correspondence between model predictions and observational data (1) by increasing the aboveground C storage in response to historical N deposition (1850–2004) from 14 to 34 kg C per additional kg N added through deposition and (2) by decreasing the aboveground net primary productivity response to N fertilization experiments from 91 to 57 g C m−2 yr−1. Modeled growth response to N deposition was most sensitive to altering the processes that control plant N uptake and the pathways of N loss. The response to N deposition also increased with a more closed N cycle (reduced N fixation and N gas loss) and decreased when prioritizing microbial over plant uptake of soil inorganic N. The net effect of all the modifications to the CLM-CN resulted in greater retention of N deposition and a greater role of synergy between N deposition and rising atmospheric CO2 as a mechanism governing increases in temperate forest primary production over the 20th century. Overall, testing models with both the response to gradual increases in N inputs over decades (N deposition) and N pulse additions of N over multiple years (N fertilization) allows for greater understanding of the mechanisms governing C-N coupling.
Ecosystem-specific selection of microbial ammonia oxidizers in an acid soil
Authors: Saiful Alam M. , Ren G. , Lu L. , Zheng Y. , Peng X. , Jia Z.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. The function of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) depends on the availability of ammonia substrate and the supply of oxygen. The interactions and evolutions of AOA and AOB communities along ecological gradients of substrate availability in complex environment have been much debated, but rarely tested. In this study, two ecosystems of maize and rice crops under different fertilization regimes were selected to investigate the community diversification of soil AOA and AOB in response to long-term field fertilization and flooding management in an acid soil. Real-time quantitative PCR of amoA genes demonstrated that the abundance of AOA was significantly stimulated after conversion of upland to paddy soils, while slight decline of AOB populations was observed. DGGE fingerprints of amoA genes further revealed remarkable changes in community compositions of AOA in paddy soil when compared to upland soil. Sequencing analysis revealed that upland soil was dominated by AOA within the soil group 1.1b lineage, while the marine group 1.1a lineage predominated AOA communities in paddy soils. Irrespective of upland and paddy soils, long-term field fertilizations led to higher abundance of amoA genes of AOA and AOB than control treatment that received no fertilization, whereas archaeal amoA gene abundances outnumbered their bacterial counterpart in all samples. Phylogenetic analyses of amoA genes showed that Nitrosospira cluster 3-like AOB dominated bacterial ammonia oxidizers in both paddy and upland soils, regardless of fertilization treatments. The results of this study suggest that the marine group 1.1a AOA could be better adapted to low-oxygen environment than AOA ecotypes of the soil group 1.1b lineage, and implicate that long-term flooding as the dominant selective force driving the community diversification of AOA populations in the acid soil tested.
What could have caused pre-industrial biomass burning emissions to exceed current rates?
Authors: van der Werf G. R. , Peters W. , van Leeuwen T. T. , Giglio L.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Recent studies based on trace gas mixing ratios in ice cores and charcoal data indicate that biomass burning emissions over the past millennium exceeded contemporary emissions by up to a factor of 4 for certain time periods. This is surprising because various sources of biomass burning are linked with population density, which has increased over the past centuries. We have analysed how emissions from several landscape biomass burning sources could have fluctuated to yield emissions that are in correspondence with recent results based on ice core mixing ratios of carbon monoxide (CO) and its isotopic signature measured at South Pole station (SPO). Based on estimates of contemporary landscape fire emissions and the TM5 chemical transport model driven by present-day atmospheric transport and OH concentrations, we found that CO mixing ratios at SPO are more sensitive to emissions from South America and Australia than from Africa, and are relatively insensitive to emissions from the Northern Hemisphere. We then explored how various landscape biomass burning sources may have varied over the past centuries and what the resulting emissions and corresponding CO mixing ratio at SPO would be, using population density variations to reconstruct sources driven by humans (e.g., fuelwood burning) and a new model to relate savanna emissions to changes in fire return times. We found that to match the observed ice core CO data, all savannas in the Southern Hemisphere had to burn annually, or bi-annually in combination with deforestation and slash and burn agriculture exceeding current levels, despite much lower population densities and lack of machinery to aid the deforestation process. While possible, these scenarios are unlikely and in conflict with current literature. However, we do show the large potential for increased emissions from savannas in a pre-industrial world. This is mainly because in the past, fuel beds were probably less fragmented compared to the current situation; satellite data indicates that the majority of savannas have not burned in the past 10 yr, even in Africa, which is considered "the burning continent". Although we have not considered increased charcoal burning or changes in OH concentrations as potential causes for the elevated CO concentrations found at SPO, it is unlikely they can explain the large increase found in the CO concentrations in ice core data. Confirmation of the CO ice core data would therefore call for radical new thinking about causes of variable global fire rates over recent centuries.
A theoretical framework for the net land-to-atmosphere CO2 flux and its implications in the definition of "emissions from land-use change"
Authors: Gasser T. , Ciais P.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. We develop a theoretical framework and analysis of the net land-to-atmosphere CO2 flux in order to discuss possible definitions of "emissions from land-use change". The terrestrial biosphere is affected by two perturbations: the perturbation of the global Carbon-Climate-Nitrogen system (CCN) with elevated atmospheric CO2, climate change and nitrogen deposition; and the Land-Use Change perturbation (LUC). Here, we progressively establish mathematical definitions of four generic components of the net land-to-atmosphere CO2 flux. The two first components are the fluxes that would be observed if only one perturbation occurred. The two other components are due to the coupling of the CCN and LUC perturbations, which shows the non-linear response of the terrestrial carbon cycle. Thanks to these four components, we introduce three possible definitions of "emissions from land-use change", that are indeed used in the scientific literature, often without clear distinctions, and we draw conclusions as for their absolute and relative behaviors. Thanks to the OSCAR v2 model, we provide quantitative estimates of the differences between the three definitions, and we find that comparing results from studies that do not use the same definition can lead to a bias of up to 20% between estimates of those emissions. After discussion of the limitations of the framework, we conclude on the three major points of this study that should help the community to reconcile modeling and observation of emissions from land-use change. The Appendix mainly provides more detailed mathematical expressions of the four components of the net land-to-atmosphere CO2 flux.
Statistical analysis to characterize transport of nutrients in groundwater near an abandoned feedlot
Authors: Gbolo P. , Gerla P.
Published: January 2013

Abstract. Surface water from a dugout pond and groundwater samples from seven shallow wells installed within an abandoned feedlot in northwestern Minnesota, USA. were analyzed for nutrients, ammonia, pH, temperature, and electrical conductivity (EC). In the study, multivariate statistical techniques including cluster and factor analyses were used to evaluate the interrelationship between the analyzed chemical species. The cluster and factor analyses grouped the analyzed chemical species into three different groupings or clusters based on the concentrations of the chemical species and physical parameters. From the factor analysis, approximately 78% of the variability in the factor 1 was caused by electrical conductivity (EC), ammonium (NH4+, total carbon (TC), and total phosphorus (TP), while within factor 2; approximately 82% of the variability was caused by temperature (T), pH, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), and ammonium (NH4+. The contribution of nitrate-N and ammonium could be attributed to the high rate of denitrification and/or the dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. The change in the concentration of nutrients is attributed to redox conditions, temperature variation, and the movement of nutrients from manure.
The Attitudes of Palestinian Religious Scholars and Institutions toward the Looting of Palestine's Archaeological Heritage
Authors: Al-Houdalieh Salah H. A.
Published: January 2013

Over the past several decades, Palestine’s archaeological heritage has faced serious challenges caused by the looting of antiquities. This ongoing phenomenon has resulted in the partial or total destruction of thousands of archaeological sites and features, and the extraction of hundreds of thousands of heritage objects. Despite the tremendous efforts made toward the protection of these archaeological resources, the Palestinians must redouble their endeavors and begin to create new, appropriate and practical measures in order to safeguard their homeland’s heritage. This paper focuses on the attitudes of Palestinian religious institutions and religious scholars toward the looting of archaeological material by Palestinians from heritage sites located within the Palestinian National Territories. It consists of two parts: (a) a fieldwork project carried out by the author over a significant period to examine the religious attitudes of Muslim and Christian religious institutions and their scholars toward this issue, and (b) presentation of the results in a workshop organized by the Institute of Archaeology of Al-Quds University, under the same title as this paper, held on November 21st, 2011 on the Abu Dies campus. The principle aim of this study is to inquire into the official attitudes expressed by the Palestinian religious institutions and scholars regarding this problem and then to make this information available to the public.
Presentación No.4
Authors: Icaza Juan José
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i4.935 Revista de Derecho No.4 2003
El derecho moral: Principal elemento distintivo entre el sistema latino y el anglosajón de derechos de autor
Authors: Guzmán García Jairo José
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i4.937 Revista de Derecho No.4 2003 pp.21-64
A 100 años del Comité Jurídico Interamericano
Authors: Herdocia Sacasa Mauricio
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i4.938 Revista de Derecho No.4 2003 pp.65-83
El proceso de integración centroamericana y la globalización
Authors: Guerrero Mayorga Orlando
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i4.939 Revista de Derecho No.4 2003 pp.85-100
La ausencia del acusado: su regimen en el ordenamiento jurídico Nicaragüense
Authors: Tijerino Pacheco José María
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i4.943 Revista de Derecho No.4 2003 pp.141-144
Lavado de dinero y activos provenientes de actividades ilícitas aspectos doctrinarios y normativos
Authors: Sánchez Romero Cecilia
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i4.944 Revista de Derecho No.4 2003 pp.145-185
La memoria de las víctimas: un instrumento en la superación de la barbarie
Authors: Sampedro Arrubla Julio Andrés
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i4.945 Revista de Derecho No.4 2003 pp.187-195
El delito de omisión de Socorro en el ámbito sanitario
Authors: Aráuz Ulloa Manuel
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i4.947 Revista de Derecho No.4 2003 pp.219-236
El acceso ciudadano a la información sobre la actuación de la administración pública
Authors: Moreno Castillo María Asunción
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i4.948 Revista de Derecho No.4 2003 pp.237-257
Errores de fondo y forma de nuestra legislación
Authors: Hidalgo Jaén Ricardo
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i4.949 Revista de Derecho No.4 2003 pp.259-279
Anteproyecto de ley general de los registros públicos
Authors: Jarquín de Medina Myriam
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i4.950 Revista de Derecho No.4 2003 pp.281-296
Jurisprudencia laboral
Authors: Malespín Martínez Fernando
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i4.951 Revista de Derecho No.4 2003 pp.299-313
Jurisprudencia penal
Authors: Moreno Castillo María Asunción
Published: January 2013

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/derecho.v0i4.952 Revista de Derecho No.4 2003 pp.315-342
3D Modelling of a Vectored Water Jet-Based Multi-Propeller Propulsion System for a Spherical Underwater Robot
Authors: Lin Xichuan , Guo Shuxiang , Yue Chunfeng , Du Juan
Published: January 2013

This paper presents an improved modelling method for a water jet-based multi-propeller propulsion system. In our previous work, the modelling experiments were only carried out in 2D planes, whose experimental results had poor agreement when we wanted to control the propulsive forces in 3D space directly. This research extends the 2D modelling described in the authors' previous work into 3D space. By doing this, the model could include 3D space information, which is more useful than that of 2D space. The effective propulsive forces and moments in 3D space can be obtained directly by synthesizing the propulsive vectors of propellers. For this purpose, a novel experimental mechanism was developed to achieve the proposed 3D modelling. This mechanism was designed with the mass distribution centred for the robot. By installing a six-axis load-cell sensor at the equivalent mass centre, we obtained the direct propulsive effect of the system for the robot. Also, in this paper, the orientation surface and propulsive surfaces are developed to provide the 3D information of the propulsive system. Experiments for each propeller were first carried out to establish the models. Then, further experiments were carried out with all of the propellers working together to validate the models. Finally, we compared the various experimental results with the simulation data. The utility of this modelling method is discussed at length.
Extraordinary morphological changes in valve morphology during the ontogeny of several species of the Australian ostracod genus Bennelongia (Crustacea, Ostracoda)
Authors: De Deckker Patrick , Martens Koen
Published: January 2013

Ostracods belonging to the genus Bennelongia differ much in valve morphology between adults and juveniles. Adult valves are asymmetrical, characterised by a beak-like feature in the antero-ventral region of the left valve, and, with some notable exceptions, mostly have smooth or weakly-ornamented valves. Juvenile specimens, on the other hand, have valves that are almost symmetrical, with no beak-like feature and are often heavily ornamented.We have examined the last 3 - 4 juvenile stages of 6 Bennelongia species from 5 different lineages, in order to decipher the types of external valve ornamentation and their recurrences during ontogeny and across lineages. It is clear that ornamentation is more prevalent at the early instar stages compared to the last 2 pre-adult stages, and especially when compared to the adult stage itself.We also examined the surprising presence of a calcified inner lamella with a prominent inner list in the pre-adult stages of Bennelongia species, that is usually absent in juveniles of other ostracods, thus questioning if heterochronic processes have provided an intermediate valve morphology between the simple (normal) cypridinid juvenile state and the heavily derived and modified state of adult Bennelongia.We discuss the possible (speculative) functionality of the ornamentation in juveniles.
Ovarian Serous Carcinoma Associated With a Distinct “Corded and Hyalinized” Pattern
Authors: Estrella Jeannelyn S. , Wolf Judith K. , Deavers Michael T.
Published: January 2013

The “corded and hyalinized” pattern, described in endometrioid carcinoma, has not been previously reported in association with serous carcinoma. We describe a unique case of serous neoplasm of low malignant potential with low-grade serous carcinoma combined with a distinct pattern of high-grade carcinoma characterized by cords of epithelioid and spindled cells enmeshed in a hyalinized, collagenous stroma. This pattern was the predominant architecture in the patient's recurrence and caused a diagnostic challenge, as the splenic recurrence was initially diagnosed as a second primary high-grade spindle cell neoplasm. Both ovarian and splenic tumors displayed positive immunohistochemical staining for cytokeratin 7, cytokeratin 8/18, estrogen receptor, and paired box gene 8 (PAX-8) in the conventional serous carcinoma and the corded and hyalinized component, confirming the diagnosis of recurrent carcinoma. The behavior in this unique case of serous carcinoma associated with a distinct corded and hyalinized pattern was more aggressive than low-grade serous carcinoma, but more favorable than malignant mixed mullerian tumor.
Diagnostic Complexities of Eosinophilia
Authors: Montgomery Nathan D. , Dunphy Cherie H. , Mooberry Micah , Laramore Andrew , Foster Matthew C. , Park Steven I. , Fedoriw Yuri D.
Published: January 2013

Context.— The advent of molecular tools capable of subclassifying eosinophilia has changed the diagnostic and clinical approach to what was classically called hypereosinophilic syndrome.

Objectives.— To review the etiologies of eosinophilia and to describe the current diagnostic approach to this abnormality.

Data Sources.— Literature review.

Conclusions.— Eosinophilia is a common, hematologic abnormality with diverse etiologies. The underlying causes can be broadly divided into reactive, clonal, and idiopathic. Classically, many cases of eosinophilia were grouped together into the umbrella category of hypereosinophilic syndrome, a clinical diagnosis of exclusion. In recent years, an improved mechanistic understanding of many eosinophilias has revolutionized the way these disorders are understood, diagnosed, and treated. As a result, specific diagnoses can now be assigned in many cases that were previously defined as hypereosinophilic syndrome. Most notably, chromosomal rearrangements, such as FIP1L1-PDGFRA fusions caused by internal deletions in chromosome 4, are now known to be associated with many chronic eosinophilic leukemias. When present, these specific molecular abnormalities predict response to directed therapies. Although an improved molecular understanding is revolutionizing the treatment of patients with rare causes of eosinophilia, it has also complicated the approach to evaluating and treating eosinophilia. Here, we review causes of eosinophilia and present a framework by which the practicing pathologist may approach this diagnostic dilemma. Finally, we consider recent cases as clinical examples of eosinophilia from a single institution, demonstrating the diversity of etiologies that must be considered.
Wolf Isotopic Response Manifesting as Postherpetic Granuloma Annulare: A Case Series
Authors: Kapoor Roger , Piris Adriano , Saavedra Arturo P. , Duncan Lyn M. , Nazarian Rosalynn M.
Published: January 2013

Context.— Wolf isotopic response has infrequently been reported in the literature, mainly as isolated case reports.

Objective.— To aid in recognition of the occurrence of postherpetic granuloma annulare for accurate histologic interpretation of granulomatous dermatitides.

Design.— We report 5 cases of patients with Wolf isotopic response manifesting as granuloma annulare, developing in a site of previous herpes zoster, and discuss the clinicopathologic findings.

Results.— Previous infection with herpes zoster or herpes simplex virus was found in 5 of 5 cases reported. The differential diagnosis of a dermal lymphohistiocytic infiltrate with multinucleated giant cells includes postherpetic granuloma annulare.

Conclusions.— All cases of postherpetic Wolf isotopic response reported in this series revealed granuloma annulare, with a perineurovascular or perifollicular pattern of lymphohistiocytic infiltration including multinucleated giant cells, and occurred following herpes zoster or herpes simplex infection, although herpes viral infection was not always associated with a subsequent isotopic eruption. Awareness of this entity can aid in the clinicopathologic diagnosis of granuloma annulare occurring at the site of prior herpes viral infection.
Kaposi Sarcoma
Authors: Radu Oana , Pantanowitz Liron
Published: January 2013

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is a low-grade vascular tumor associated with Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus/human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV/HHV8) infection. Kaposi sarcoma lesions predominantly present at mucocutaneous sites, but may involve all organs and anatomic locations. Recognized epidemiologic-clinical forms of KS include classic, African (endemic), AIDS-associated (epidemic), and iatrogenic KS. New clinical manifestations have been described, such as antiretroviral therapy–related KS regression or flares. Kaposi sarcoma lesions evolve from early (patch stage) macules into plaques (plaque stage) that grow into larger nodules (tumor stage). Newer histologic variants include anaplastic, hyperkeratotic, lymphangioma-like, bullous, telangiectatic, ecchymotic, keloidal, pyogenic granuloma–like, micronodular, intravascular, glomeruloid and pigmented KS, as well as KS with sarcoidlike granulomas and KS with myoid nodules. Latency-associated nuclear antigen (HHV8) is the most specific immunohistochemical marker available to help distinguish KS from its mimics. Since KS remains one of the most common AIDS-defining malignancies, it is important that pathologists be able to recognize KS and its contemporary manifestations.
Iron Pyrite (FeS2) Broad Spectral and Magnetically Responsive Photodetectors
Authors: Gong Maogang , Kirkeminde Alec , Xie Yu , Lu Rongtao , Liu Jianwei , Wu Judy Z. , Ren Shenqiang
Published: January 2013

Earth‐abundant iron pyrite (FeS2) nanocrystals show great potential in broad photosensing applications due to their high photoabsorption coefficient (>105 cm−1) and ideal bandgap (0.95 eV). However, broad spectral photodetectors using the FeS2 nanojunctions and external stimuli‐driven photoresponse have not been demonstrated yet. Here, broad spectral FeS2/CdS bulk nanojunction photodetectors are demonstrated, covering the UV‐Vis‐NIR wavelength range. This is the first time shape‐dependent FeS2 nanocrystals and a dilute magnetic semiconductor phase exhibiting fast photoresponse time (10 ms) and high responsitivity (174.9 A/W) is demonstrated. Tunable photocurrent (73% change) is observed under the magnetic field effect due to the interdiffusion‐controlled diluted magnetic semiconductor CdFeS phase. The broad spectral FeS2‐based photodetectors open up a new tactic for solution‐processed next generation efficient and sustainable photosensing devices.
Ab initio calculation of the electronic and vibrational properties of metal‐organic molecules based on cyclic C6 intercalated with some group VIII transition metals
Authors: Kuzmin Stanislav L. , Duley Walter W.
Published: January 2013

The vibrational and electronic properties of a new class of organometallic sandwich molecules, (C6)nMen‐1, based on stacks of cyclic C6 intercalated with Fe and Ru have been studied using first principles density functional techniques (DFT). Spectral properties as well as the HOMO‐LUMO gap energy in molecules containing up to eight C6 layers have been calculated. The HOMO‐LUMO energy gap in these molecules is < 1 eV and decreases significantly in longer molecules. It is shown that infinite chains should have excellent metallic properties. These molecules are promising for nanoelectronic applications, due to their predicted high stability, conductivity, and magnetic properties.
Hybrid gradient particle swarm optimization for dynamic optimization problems of chemical processes
Authors: Chen Xu , Du Wenli , Qi Rongbin , Qian Feng , Tianfield Huaglory
Published: January 2013

Dynamic optimization problems (DOP) in chemical processes are very challenging because of their highly nonlinear, multidimensional, multipeak and constrained nature. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm named hybrid gradient particle swarm optimization (HGPSO) by hybridizing particle swarm optimization (PSO) with gradient‐based algorithms (GBA). HGSPO can improve the convergence rate and solution precision of pure PSO, and avoid getting trapped to local optimums with pure GBA search. We further incorporate HGPSO into control vector parameterization (CVP), a method converting DOP into nonlinear programming, to solve five complex DOPs. These DOPs include multimodal, multidimensional and constrained problems. The experiments demonstrate that HGPSO performs much better in terms of solution precision and computational cost when compared with other PSO variants. © 2013 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Membranes of triphenylsilyl substituted polyphenylene oxide in the permeation of propylene and propane gases
Authors: Gajbhiye Susheela Bai
Published: January 2013

Poly(2,6‐dimethyl‐1,4‐phenylene oxide) (PPO) was chemically modified by the attachment of a bulky triphenylsilyl (TPS) group substituent (∼30 mol %) to study its impact on hydrocarbon gas permeation. A membrane of the modified PPO (TPS–PPO) was tested for the permeation of pure propylene and propane gas and that of their 55:45 binary mixture at 30 ± 2°C. Gravimetric single‐gas equilibrium sorption studies were carried out to determine the gas solubility coefficients and diffusion coefficients to assess their role in the gas permeation mechanism of the membranes. Characterization studies were done to determine the interrelationship between the transport properties and the polymer structure. The studies included density, fractional free volume, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, differential scanning calorimetry, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, tensile testing, and scanning electron microscopy. The TPS–PPO membrane was found to be 3 times more permeable to propylene and 3.8 times more permeable to propane with a small decrease in the propylene/propane ideal permselectivity (3.37) when compared to that of unmodified PPO (4.25). TPS–PPO could be a potential membrane material for the efficient recovery of propylene and propane from mixtures with permanent gases such as those found in refinery off‐gas. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Effect of the nanotube aspect ratio and surface functionalization on the morphology and properties of multiwalled carbon nanotube polyamide‐based fibers
Authors: Dintcheva Nadka T. , Arrigo Rossella , Nasillo Giorgio , Caponetti Eugenio , La Mantia Francesco Paolo
Published: January 2013

In this study, the effect of the carbon nanotube (CNT) aspect ratio and surface functionalization on the mechanical behavior and morphological changes of polyamide (PA)‐based fibers was investigated. Composites were prepared by the melt blending of CNTs with PA, and at a later time, the fibers were prepared by melt spinning and cold drawing. A reinforcement effect was noticed for all of the CNTs samples, and the increase in the mechanical properties and dimensional stability was more pronounced for highly oriented filaments. When the elongational flow was increased, the orientation of CNTs along the fiber direction was observed, but the nanotube alignment was much more difficult for CNTs with ultrathin outer diameters because of nanotube waviness and folding. Moreover, the presence of functional groups on the CNT surface hindered their orientation along the fiber direction because some interaction between the functional groups could occur. The morphological variations of the oriented, anisotropic fibers, as studied with transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, small‐angle X‐ray scattering, and differential scanning calorimetry analysis, were correlated with changes in the mechanical behavior. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
Analgesic Effect of the Neuropeptide Cortistatin in Murine Models of Arthritic Inflammatory Pain
Authors: Morell Maria , Souza‐Moreira Luciana , Caro Marta , O'Valle Francisco , Forte‐Lago Irene , de Lecea Luis , Gonzalez‐Rey Elena , Delgado Mario
Published: January 2013

Objective

To investigate the role of the antiinflammatory neuropeptide cortistatin in chronic pain evoked by joint inflammation.

Methods

Thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia was evoked in mouse knee joints by intraplantar injection of tumor necrosis factor α and intraarticular infusion of Freund's complete adjuvant, and the analgesic effects of cortistatin, administered centrally, peripherally, and systemically, were assessed. In addition, the effects of cortistatin on the production of nociceptive peptides and the activation of pain signaling were assayed in dorsal root ganglion cultures and in inflammatory pain models. The role of endogenous cortistatin in pain sensitization and perpetuation of chronic inflammatory states was evaluated in cortistatin‐deficient mice. Finally, the effect of noxious/inflammatory stimuli in the production of cortistatin by the peripheral nociceptive system was assayed in vitro and in vivo.

Results

Expression of cortistatin was observed in peptidergic nociceptors of the peripheral nociceptive system, and endogenous cortistatin was found to participate in the tuning of pain sensitization, especially in pathologic inflammatory conditions. Results showed that cortistatin acted both peripherally and centrally to reduce the tactile allodynia and heat hyperalgesia evoked by arthritis and peripheral tissue inflammation in mice, via mechanisms that were independent of its antiinflammatory action. These mechanisms involved direct action on nociceptive neurons and regulation of central sensitization. The analgesic effects of cortistatin in murine arthritic pain were linked to binding of the neuropeptide to somatostatin and ghrelin receptors, activation of the G protein subunit Gαi, impairment of ERK signaling, and decreased production of calcitonin gene‐related peptide in primary nociceptors.

Conclusion

These findings indicate that cortistatin is an antiinflammatory factor with potent analgesic effects that may offer a new approach to pain therapy in pathologic inflammatory states, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.
Assessment of Inhibin B as a Biomarker of Testicular Injury Following Administration of Carbendazim, Cetrorelix, or 1,2‐Dibromo‐3‐Chloropropane in Wistar Han Rats
Authors: Moffit Jeffrey S. , Her Leah S. , Mineo Anthony M. , Knight Brian L. , Phillips Jonathan A. , Thibodeau Michael S.
Published: January 2013

Although histopathology is considered the gold standard for assessing testicular toxicity in the nonclinical setting, identification of noninvasive biomarkers for testicular injury are desirable to improve safety monitoring capabilities for clinical trials. Inhibin B has been investigated as a noninvasive biomarker for testicular toxicity. This study investigates the correlation of Inhibin B in Wistar Han rats with the onset and reversibility of testicular histopathology from classical testicular toxicants carbendazim, cetrorelix acetate (CTX), and 1,2‐dibromo‐3‐chloropropane (DBCP). The dose regimen included Interim (day 8), Drug (day 29), and nondosing Recovery (day 58) Phases. Inhibin B was not effective at predicting the onset of carbendazim‐ or CTX‐mediated testicular pathology in rats. Inhibin B was reduced by DBCP administration at the end of the Drug Phase only, acting as a leading indicator of the onset of testicular toxicity before the onset of germ cell depletion. However, since Inhibin B was only decreased at the end of the Dosing Phase and not at the Recovery Phase, when the onset of testicular pathology occurred, it is unclear if monitoring Inhibin B would provide sufficient advanced warning for the onset of testicular pathology. Furthermore, follicle stimulating hormone was decreased following CTX and DBCP administration in the Interim Phase and CTX in the Drug Phase. Inhibin B has limited predictive capacity as a leading testicular biomarker in rats.
Impact of complications on long-term survival after resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Mavros M N , de Jong M , Dogeas E , Hyder O , Pawlik T M
Published: January 2013

Background

Postoperative complications may have an adverse effect not only on short-term but also long-term outcome among patients having surgery for cancer. A retrospective series of patients who had surgery for colorectal liver metastases (CLM) was used to assess this association.

Methods

Patients who had surgery with curative intent for CLM from 2000 to 2009 were included. The impact of postoperative complications, patient characteristics, disease stage and treatment on long-term survival was analysed using multivariable Cox regression models.

Results

A total of 251 patients were included. The median age was 58 (interquartile range 51–68) years and there were 87 women (34·7 per cent). A minor or major postoperative complication developed in 41 and 14 patients respectively, and five patients (2·0 per cent) died after surgery. The 5-year recurrence-free (RFS) and overall survival rates were 19·5 and 41·9 per cent respectively. Multivariable analysis revealed that postoperative complications independently predicted shorter RFS (hazard ratio (HR) 2·36, 95 per cent confidence interval 1·56 to 3·58) and overall survival (HR 2·34, 1·46 to 3·74). Other independent predictors of shorter RFS and overall survival included lymph node metastasis, concomitant extrahepatic disease, a serum carcinoembryonic antigen level of at least 100 ng/dl, and the use of radiofrequency ablation (RFS only). The severity of complications also correlated with RFS (P = 0·006) and overall survival (P = 0·001).

Conclusion

Postoperative complications were independently associated with decreased long-term survival after surgery for CLM with curative intent. The prevention and management of postoperative adverse events may be important oncologically.
Amino Acid‐Selective Segmental Isotope Labeling of Multidomain Proteins for Structural Biology
Authors: Michel Erich , Skrisovska Lenka , Wüthrich Kurt , Allain Frédéric H.‐T.
Published: January 2013

Current solution NMR techniques enable structural investigations of proteins in molecular particles with sizes up to several hundred kDa. However, the large molecular weight of proteins in such systems results in increased numbers of NMR signals, and the resulting spectral overlap typically imposes limitations. For multidomain proteins, segmental isotope labeling of individual domains facilitates the spectral interpretation by reducing the number of signals, but for large domains with small signal dispersion, signal overlap can persist. To overcome limitations arising from spectral overlap, we present a strategy that combines cell‐free expression and ligation of the expressed proteins to produce multidomain proteins with selective amino acid‐type labeling in individual domains. The bottleneck of intrinsically low cell‐free expression yields of precursor molecules was overcome by introducing new fusion constructs that allowed milligram production of ligation‐competent domains labeled in one or multiple amino acid types. Ligation‐competent unlabeled partner domains were produced in vivo, and subsequent domain ligation was achieved by using an on‐column strategy. This approach is illustrated with two multidomain RNA‐binding proteins, that is, the two C‐terminal RNA‐recognition motifs of the human polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein, and two highly homologous helix–turn–helix domains of the human glutamyl‐prolyl‐tRNA synthetase.
The Centrosome: Cell and Molecular Mechanisms of Functions and Dysfunctions in Disease. Edited by Heide Schatten.
Authors: Lange Bodo M. H.
Published: January 2013

Humana Press, Totowa 2012, XIV+396 pp., hardcover, $ 199.00.—ISBN 978‐1‐62703‐034‐2