bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Part II: Insect allergies—Inhalation and ingestion
Authors: Guillet Carole , Martin Oliver Yves , Meincke Cordula , Joerg Lukas , Schmid-Grendelmeier Peter
Published: February 2022

Background

Allergies to insect stings and bites are common and were partly discussed in part I of this article series. Other mechanisms leading to allergen contact, sensitization, and potential allergy to insects or insects’ compounds can be hard to suspect and diagnose due to their sometimes-hidden character in food or dust.

Aims

We aim to provide an overview of allergic reactions to insects elicited by mechanisms other than sting or bite reactions.

Sources

A PubMed search on allergy and insects apart from bees and wasps was conducted, articles were selected and included, and a series of relevant publications and cases of our outpatient units are used as examples.

Content and implications

Allergies to insects following direct contact, inhalation, and accidental and deliberate ingestion are common and various insect species can elicit these allergies. Sensitization may occur transcutaneously, upon inhalation, and through ingestion. Allergic reactions to edible insects, such as grasshoppers and mealworms, as genuine allergies or as tropomyosin or other protein cross-reactivities in seafood or house dust mite allergic individuals are possible. In Europe, with the licensing of mealworms to be consumed as food and sold commercially in January 2021, allergies and cross-reactivity to insects or insect compounds as foods will become more common and relevant.
Early spatial language development and education: a scoping review
Authors: Wu Dandan , Li Hui , Degotardi Sheila
Published: February 2022

Early spatial language plays an important role in facilitating cognition and thoughts thus deserves empirical studies. This scoping review aims to synthesis the empirical evidence to identify the key topics, major findings, and research gaps regarding early spatial language development and education. The search has identified 19 studies published in the international peer-reviewed journals during 2000–2021, converging into three common topics: the developmental patterns of early spatial language, its role in child development, and parental influences. First, the synthesis of evidence revealed a significant age effect but an inconclusive gender effect in early spatial language. Second, the modeling or regression results jointly indicated that early spatial language could facilitate or predict spatial skills and/or spatial cognition. Third, the existing evidence supported that parental language input and parental involvement could enhance early spatial language. However, this study also found the major research gaps: no Chinese studies, very few naturalistic studies, the understudied ‘motion events’, and no studies on ‘frames of reference’. Implications for future studies and practical improvements are also discussed.
Industrial Symbiosis to Circular Economy: What Does the Literature Reveal for a Successful Complex Industrial Area?
Authors: Oughton C. , Kurup B. , Anda M. , Ho G.
Published: February 2022

We observe that some industrial areas thrive, whilst others under-perform, and that the competitive potential of an enterprise located within an industrial area is impacted by a range of non-apparent characteristics related to the particular location. A dynamic industrial area is a better place for an industrial enterprise to be located than one that on the face of it seems lack-lustre—the ‘dynamism’ of the industrial area seems not that well understood or described. The goal of the literature review was to determine to what extent researchers have gone beyond the traditional view that industrial symbiosis (IS) is singularly focused on the symbiotic relationships that are responsible for the beneficial outcomes associated with product, by-product, and utility exchanges. We attempted to expose other forms of symbiotic relationships that might also contribute to the improved economic outcomes of companies located within complex industrial areas. Our findings confirm there are additional interacting factors contributing to the relative success (dynamism) of a given complex industrial area. We posit that an industrial area will exhibit varying degrees of success or failure, depending on the extent to which its creators have given thought to how it will operate to contribute to the international competitive advantages of its industrial inhabitants. We identified four contributing factors that contribute to this dynamism, and these align with an emerging four-dimensional framework for IS which the author is describing as the KIC4 dimensions of industrial symbiosis.
The Secret Life of AnOther Indian Nationalism
Authors: Mayaram Shail
Published: February 2022

Nationalism is among the most influential ideas that has shaped the 'Metamorphoses of the Political' in the long twentieth century. This book focuses on exclusivist Indian nationalism and identifies its distinction from inclusivist nationalism. It highlights shifts in 'another Indian nationalism' over the last two centuries as the geopolitical context has transitioned from the Pax Britannica to the Pax Americana and its war on terror. The books braids the following three strands together: first, a majoritarian nationalist ideology called Hindutva; second, the making of popular history as a precolonial epic is highlighted, depicting the defeat of the last Hindu Emperor by a conquering Muslim Sultan purportedly leading to eight centuries of Hindu enslavement and third, the 'reconversion' of a community by the Visva Hindu Parishad with consequences for Lived Hinduism and Indic civilisation with its complex identities.
Lyapunov-based Robust Adaptive Configuration of the UAS-S4 Flight Dynamics Fuzzy Controller
Authors: Hashemi S.M. , Botez R.M.
Published: February 2022

In tandem with the fast-growing demand for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) for surveillance and reconnaissance, advanced controllers for these critical systems are needed. This paper proposes a flight dynamics controller design that considers various uncertainties for the Hydra Technologies UAS-S4 Ehécatl. In order to be realistic, in addition to flight dynamics nonlinearities, three main sources of uncertainties are considered, as those caused by unknown controller’s parameters, modeling errors, and external disturbances. A Robust adaptive fuzzy logic controller is designed, in charge of nonlinear flight dynamics in presence of a variety of uncertainties. The nonlinear flight dynamics is modeled based on the Takagi-Sugeno method relying on the soft association of local linear models. Since this controller is model-based, an optimal reference model is defined, which is stabilised by the Linear Quadratic Regulator procedure. A fuzzy logic controller is then designed for the nonlinear model. Lastly, with the aim to handle the uncertainties, the gains of the fuzzy controller are reconfigured, and are continuously adjusted by Lyapunov-based robust adaptive laws. The performance of the UAS-S4 Robust adaptive fuzzy logic controller is evaluated in terms of lateral and longitudinal flight dynamics stabilisation, and the reference model state variables tracking under various uncertainties.
Numerical investigations on the effect of blade tip winglet on leakage flow loss reduction for a zero inlet swirl turbine rotor
Authors: Zhou Qinghui , Zhao Wei , Zhao Qingjun , Sui Xiuming , Xu Jianzhong
Published: February 2022

The tip leakage flow generates a large amount of aerodynamic losses in a zero inlet swirl turbine rotor (ZISTR), which directly uses the axial exit flow downstream of a combustion chamber without any nozzles. To reduce the tip leakage flow loss and improve the efficiency for the ZISTR, a front suction side winglet is employed on the blade tip, and the effect of winglet width is numerically investigated to explore its design space. It is found that, a suction side leading edge horseshoe vortex (SHV) on the blade tip plays a crucial role in mitigating the tip leakage flow loss. This SHV rotates in the reverse direction to the leakage vortex, so it tends to break the formation of the leakage vortex near the front part of suction side. With a larger winglet width, the SHV stays longer time on the blade tip and leaves it at a further downstream location. This increases the time and the contact area of the interaction between the SHV and the leakage vortex, so the leakage vortex is further weakened. Thus, the tip leakage flow loss is reduced, and the efficiency is improved. However, a larger winglet width also increases the heat load of the blade due to a larger blade surface area. The ZISTR designed with the winglet width equal to 2.1% blade pitch achieves a great trade-off between efficiency and heat load that the efficiency is improved by 0.85% at an expense of 1.2% increment of the heat load. Besides, for the blade using this winglet, the mechanical stress due to the centrifugal, aerodynamic and thermal load is acceptable for the engine application. This investigation indicates a great potential in the improvement of efficiency for the ZISTR using a blade tip winglet designed on the front suction side.
Catullus’ Lament for Lesbia's Passer in the Context of Pet-Keeping
Authors: Watson Patricia
Published: February 2022

In the last three lines of Catullus’ ‘dead sparrow’ poem (. . . o miselle passer! / tua nunc opera meae puellae / flendo turgiduli rubent ocelli, Catull. 3.16–18), the poet turns his attention from the fate of the passer to the effect that its death has on Lesbia. What is remarkable here is the accumulation of diminutives (miselle, puellae, turgiduli, ocelli), a feature which most translators fail to take sufficiently into account. In particular, the employment of two (comparatively rare) diminutive adjectives is especially striking. The effect of such overkill is mock pathos, but why does Catullus end his poem on a parodic note? I would like to suggest that we view this in the light of the Romans’ tendency to criticise excessive emotional display regarding pets and especially to their deaths, the implication being that Lesbia's reaction is overdone. Catullus’ mocking of his girl's unbounded grief for her pet is also to be linked to poem 2 where, it could be argued, the poet displays jealousy of Lesbia's emotional commitment to the passer.
Egnatius the Epicurean: The Banalization of Philosophy in Catullus
Authors: Uden James
Published: February 2022

This article offers a new examination of the place of philosophy in Catullus’Carmina.It focuses on Egnatius, the ‘smiling Spaniard’ of poems 37 and 39, and argues that Catullus’ attacks on this character make use of many standard invective tropes against Epicureans in the late Republic. More than merely an opportunity to show off his whitened teeth, Egnatius’ smile may well have been proof of his philosophical detachment andataraxia.Yet Catullus maliciously misrepresents this mark of Epicurean virtue as a social gaffe, and an unflattering reminder of Egnatius’ provincial origins. I then reinterpret poems 37, 38, and 39 as a poetic series unified by the ‘banalization’ of philosophical ideas. Ultimately, Catullus creates his own singular voice – the arbiter of style and taste – by representing aspects of other people's behaviour as trite and ordinary. To banalize is an act of power, and it is a weapon that Catullus wields to articulate a sense of difference from other poets and thinkers in his intellectual world.
Dismembering Cominius: Political Violence and Iambic Aggression in Catullus 108
Authors: Cowan Robert
Published: February 2022

Carmen108 is one of the most neglected and unloved in the Catullan corpus. When it is mentioned in scholarship, it is either as a distastefully extreme instance of iambic invective or the object of a prosopographical exercise in identifying the addressee, Cominius. Gnilka alone has tried to situate it in the context of late Republican political violence, in particularly public lynching. Instead of isolating these two aspects of the poem from each other, this article argues thatc.108 is a self-conscious exploration of the interaction between poetic form andhors-texte. The terms of the invective situate it firmly within the tradition of Archilochean and Hipponactean iambos and it may even allude directly to a fragment of the latter. Yet the threats of violence are transformed when recontextualized within the world of the late Republic, where such literary violence was very much a reality. The poem performs a symbolic dismemberment of Cominius’ body, but one that cannot be safely separated from acts of mob violence in the period. The pragmatics of Catullan iambos explores the limits of verbal violence as speech-act and the point at which hate-speech becomes indistinguishable from the violence it incites.
Masculine Redemption in Carl Orff'sCatulli Carmina(1943)
Authors: Wallis Jonathan
Published: February 2022

This article argues that Carl Orff'sCatulli Carmina– a five-movement cantata comprising a selection of Catullus’ Latin poems framed by neo-Latin text written by Orff himself – occupies an ambiguous space within the cultural environment of National Socialism, especially in portraying ideals of contemporary masculinity. In its overt theatrical displays of male and female sexuality,Catulli Carminainvites association with the perceived ‘decadence’ of pre-war cabaret in France and Germany's Weimar Republic. Yet, through tendentious selection and ordering of the poems, Orff's cantata also ‘corrects’ Catullus’ emblematic triviality and erotic abjection in an era which prized productive masculinity as a symbol of the good health of the nation. Orff's motivations in engaging with Roman culture were very different from Nazism's own fetishising of Greco-Roman antiquity, yet in this chapter Catullus provides a surprising case study for demonstrating how Orff's artistic values were often ‘compatible’ with those of the Nazi regime.
TheLingeer’s Jihad: Challenging a Male-Normative Reading of African History
Authors: Thomas Douglas H.
Published: February 2022

This article is a retelling of the Sharr Bubba Jihad as it unfolded in Kajoor (present-day Senegal) in which I attempt to set aright an instance of ontological violence in the existing secondary literature. I attempt to correct this first through an exposition of how the prevailing academic history is complicit in the continual colonization of African history. Secondly, I explain how Eurocentric discourses relegate African women to ancillary bearers of children, hewers of wood, and drawers of water. I further explain that the relationships between gender and authority in African histories do not align with the European “template” explaining the position and role oflingeer. Thirdly, I give the details of the Sharr Bubba Jihad in Kajoor through a rereading of the sources, making sure to nameLingeerYacine Bubu, and contextualizing the role of thelingeerin Kajoor and the other Senegambian kingdoms.
A hybrid pseudo-incompressible–hydrostatic model
Authors: Snodin A.P. , Wood T.S.
Published: February 2022

The pseudo-incompressible approximation, which assumes small pressure perturbations from a one-dimensional reference state, has long been used to model large-scale dynamics in stellar and planetary atmospheres. However, existing implementations do not conserve energy when the reference state is time-dependent. We use a variational formulation to derive an energy-conserving pseudo-incompressible model in which the reference state evolves while remaining hydrostatic. We present an algorithm for solving these equations in the case of closed boundaries, for which the pseudo-incompressible velocity constraint is degenerate. We implement the model within the low-Mach-number code MAESTROeX, and validate it against a fully compressible model in several test cases, finding that our hybrid pseudo-incompressible–hydrostatic model generally shows better agreement with the compressible results than the existing MAESTROeX implementation.
Point-vortex dynamics in three-dimensional ageostrophic balanced flows
Authors: Weiss Jeffrey B.
Published: February 2022

Geophysical turbulent flows, characterized by rapid rotation, quantified by small Rossby number, and stable stratification, often self-organize into a collection of coherent vortices, referred to as a vortex gas. The lowest-order asymptotic expansion in Rossby number is quasigeostrophy, which has purely horizontal velocities and cyclone–anticyclone antisymmetry. Ageostrophic effects are important components of many geophysical flows and, as such, these phenomena are not well modelled by quasigeostrophy. The next-order correction in Rossby number, which includes ageostrophic effects, is the so-called balanced dynamics. Balanced dynamics includes ageostrophic vertical velocity and breaks the geostrophic cyclone–anticyclone antisymmetry. Point-vortex solutions are well known in two-dimensional and quasigeostrophic dynamics and are useful for studying the vortex-gas regime of geophysical turbulence. Here, we find point-vortex solutions in fully three-dimensional continuously stratified QG

$^{+1}$

dynamics, a particular formulation of balanced dynamics. Simulations of QG

$^{+1}$

point vortices show several interesting features not captured by quasigeostrophic point vortices including significant vertical transport on long time scales. The ageostrophic component of QG

$^{+1}$

point vortex point-vortex dynamics renders them useful in modelling flows where quasigeostrophy filters out important physical processes.
A spectral method for axisymmetric Stokes flow past a particle
Authors: Nabil Mohammad , Nabavizadeh Seyed Amin , Lammert Paul E. , Nourhani Amir
Published: February 2022

We present a non-perturbative mesh-free spectral method for the axisymmetric scenario of a radially highly deformed sphere in Stokes flow. Spectra of harmonic and biharmonic Stokes flow modes are used to provide a general algebraic spectral solution to axisymmetric Stokes flow. A solution for the flow field around a sphere with prescribed surface velocity field is presented, and is used to obtain the velocity field around a deformed sphere. The method is demonstrated on two problems: hydrodynamic radii of radially deformed spheres for a range of strength and angular dependence of the deformation, with results in good agreement with the boundary element method; and self-phoretic velocity of spheroids with surface flux of the driving field in a source/sink or source/inert configuration.
Ionic conductivity and hydrodynamic permeability of inhomogeneous (cavity doped) polyelectrolyte hydrogels
Authors: Hill Reghan J.
Published: February 2022

Ion transport in polyelectrolyte membranes (charged hydrogels) is of significant technological (and biological) importance, but little is known of how micro-structural inhomogeneity affects ionic conductivity. Whereas a uniform electric field drives uni-directional electro-migrative and electro-osmotic ion fluxes in perfectly uniform microstructures, this study considers the influence of spherical inclusions/cavities on the hydrodynamic and ion permeability of charged hydrogels. Such cavities have a high permeability, but they can bear a much lower conductivity due to the partitioning of counter-ions between the cavity and bulk hydrogel phases, also inducing micro-scale electro-osmotic flow. To understand these, perturbations from a nonlinear Poisson–Boltzmann equilibrium state are used to compute the velocity disturbances, and electrostatic and ion-concentration polarization. These furnish three independent Onsager coefficients: one of which is the effective hydrodynamic permeability, and all of which contribute to the two principal electrical conductivities (distinguished by electrode configuration). Cavities with diameters in the range$10$–$1000$ nm are found to be readily polarized, decreasing the effective conductivity of an otherwise uniform polyelectrolyte. In highly permeable hydrogels, however, electro-osmosis may enhance the electrical conductivity when flow is blocked by impenetrable electrodes. Explicit formulas for the hydrodynamic permeability are provided, complementing a simplified (Maxwell–Donnan) analysis of the conductivity, which neglects diffuse double-layer effects and ion-concentration perturbations.
Long COVID, neuropsychiatric disorders, psychotropics, present and future
Authors: Tang Siu Wa , Leonard Brian E. , Helmeste Daiga Maret
Published: February 2022

Long COVID refers to the lingering symptoms which persist or appear after the acute illness. The dominant long COVID symptoms in the two years since the pandemic began (2020–2021) have been depression, anxiety, fatigue, concentration and cognitive impairments with few reports of psychosis. Whether other symptoms will appear later on is not yet known. For example, dopamine-dependent movement disorders generally take many years before first symptoms are seen. Post-stroke depression and anxiety may explain many of the early long COVID cases. Hemorrhagic, hypoxic and inflammatory damages of the central nervous system, unresolved systematic inflammation, metabolic impairment, cerebral vascular accidents such as stroke, hypoxia from pulmonary damages and fibrotic changes are among the major causes of long COVID. Glucose metabolic and hypoxic brain issues likely predispose subjects with pre-existing diabetes, cardiovascular or lung problems to long COVID as well. Preliminary data suggest that psychotropic medications may not be a danger but could instead be beneficial in combating COVID-19 infection. The same is true for diabetes medications such as metformin. Thus, a focus on sigma-1 receptor ligands and glucose metabolism is expected to be useful for new drug development as well as the repurposing of current drugs. The reported protective effects of psychotropics and antihistamines against COVID-19, the earlier reports of reduced number of sigma-1 receptors in post-mortem schizophrenic brains, with many antidepressant and antipsychotic drugs being antihistamines with significant affinity for the sigma-1 receptor, support the role of sigma and histamine receptors in neuroinflammation and viral infections. Literature and data in all these areas are accumulating at a fast rate. We reviewed and discussed the relevant and important literature.
CONTINUOUS QUIVERS OF TYPE A (III) EMBEDDINGS OF CLUSTER THEORIES
Authors: IGUSA KIYOSHI , ROCK JOB D. , TODOROV GORDANA
Published: February 2022

We continue the work started in parts (I) and (II) of this series. In this paper, we classify which continuous quivers of type A are derived equivalent. Next, we define the new
${\mathcal {C}(A_{{\mathbb {R}},S})}$
, which we call weak continuous cluster category. It is a triangulated category, it does not have cluster structure but it has a new weaker notion of “cluster theory.” We show that the original continuous cluster category of [15] is a localization of this new weak continuous cluster category. We define cluster theories to be appropriate groupoids and we show that cluster structures satisfy the conditions for cluster theories. We describe the relationship between different cluster theories: some new and some obtained from cluster structures. The notion of continuous mutation which appears in cluster theories (but not in cluster structures) appears in the next paper [20].
Realism and Observation: The View from Generative Grammar
Authors: Dupre Gabe
Published: February 2022

Standard proposals of scientific anti-realism assume that the methodology of a scientific research program can be endorsed without accepting its metaphysical commitments. I argue that the distinction between competence, the rules governing one’s language faculty, and performance, or linguistic behavior, precludes this. Linguistic theories aim to describe competence, not performance, and so must be able to distinguish observations reflective of the former from those reflective of the latter. This classification of data makes sense only against the background of a psychologically realistic view of linguistic theory. So the very methodology of the science commits one to its realistic interpretation.
Fair Infinite Lotteries, Qualitative Probability, and Regularity
Authors: DiBella Nicholas
Published: February 2022

A number of philosophers have thought that fair lotteries over countably infinite sets of outcomes are conceptually incoherent by virtue of violating countable additivity. In this article, I show that a qualitative analogue of this argument generalizes to an argument against the conceptual coherence of a much wider class of fair infinite lotteries—including continuous uniform distributions. I argue that this result suggests that fair lotteries over countably infinite sets of outcomes are no more conceptually problematic than continuous uniform distributions. Along the way, I provide a novel argument for a weak qualitative, epistemic version of regularity.
RADIOCARBON IN DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON BY UV OXIDATION: AN UPDATE OF PROCEDURES AND BLANK CHARACTERIZATION AT NOSAMS
Authors: Xu Li , Roberts Mark L , Elder Kathryn L , Hansman Roberta L , Gagnon Alan R , Kurz Mark D
Published: February 2022

This note describes improvements of UV oxidation method that is used to measure carbon isotopes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at the National Ocean Sciences Accelerator Mass Spectrometry Facility (NOSAMS). The procedural blank is reduced to 2.6 ± 0.6 μg C, with Fm of 0.42 ± 0.10 and δ13C of –28.43 ± 1.19‰. The throughput is improved from one sample per day to two samples per day.
Disaggregating Civility: Politeness, Public-Mindedness and Their Connection
Authors: Bardon Aurélia , Bonotti Matteo , Zech Steven T. , Ridge William
Published: February 2022

Calls for civility feature prominently in public discourse, and the concept has received growing attention by political philosophers recently. But what does it mean to be civil? The existing literature distinguishes between two main understandings of civility: civility as politeness and civility as public-mindedness. The objective of this article is to show that these conceptions and the different normative claims associated with them can all fit together. We argue that civility and incivility should be disaggregated in order to uncover fruitful connections between different aspects of the concept. We introduce a distinction between two dimensions of civility as public-mindedness (moral and justificatory), as well as a new distinction between the means and ends of civility. We examine the complex connections between the different dimensions of (in)civility and show that the disaggregation of civility and incivility tells us what kind of (in)civility matters, as well as when and why.
In the Southern Half of Our Republic: Cross-Border Writing and Performance in 1960s North Korea
Authors: Kief I Jonathan
Published: February 2022

This article offers a revisionist perspective on the relationship between 1960s North and South Korean literature by showing how writers in the North engaged with and creatively rewrote works from the South. Contextualizing such practices within a longer history of cross-border reading in the North, the article highlights how North Korean poetry and drama from the immediate aftermath of South Korea's April Revolution of 1960 took up South Korean literature's image of the volcano and reimagined it as a symbol of North-South dialogue. The article then turns to Kim Myŏngsu's Mother of the South (1965), showing how the play rewrites the South Korean novelist An Tongnim's short story “Hope” (1963) in such a way as to engineer a convergence with a line of literary representations then being produced in the North about its own colonial-era “revolutionary heritage.” Finally, the article suggests that this convergence ended up reshaping such visions of North Korea's own revolutionary past and the figure of the militant mother that emerged within them.
Comparison of artefact reduction possibilities with the new active transcutaneous bone conduction implant (Bonebridge)
Authors: Edlinger S , Tenner E , Frühwald J , Sprinzl G
Published: February 2022

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the possibilities of artefact reduction using different anatomical implant positions with the Bonebridge bone-conduction hearing implant 602 for a patient with an acoustic neuroma requiring regular diagnostic magnetic resonance imaging of the tumour position.

Method

Three implant positions and magnetic resonance imaging examinations with and without customised sequences for metal artefact suppression were investigated. The diagnostic usefulness was rated by a radiologist (qualitative evaluation), and the relation between the area of artefact and the total head area was calculated (quantitative evaluation).

Results

Following the qualitative analysis, the radiologist rated the superior to middle fossa implant placement significantly better for diagnostic purposes, which is in agreement with the calculated artefact ratio (p < 0.0001). The customised slice-encoding metal artifact correction view-angle tilting metal artifact reduction technique sequences significantly decreased the relative artefact area between 5.13 per cent and 25.02 per cent. The smallest mean artefact diameter was found for the superior to middle fossa position with 6.80 ± 1.30 cm (range: 5.42–9.74 cm; reduction of 18.65 per cent).

Conclusion

The application of artefact reduction sequencing and special anatomical implant positioning allows regular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with the bone-conduction hearing implant 602 without sacrificing diagnostic imaging quality for tumour diagnosis.
Interferon-γ moderation of poor sleep maintenance and depressed mood in community-dwelling older adults
Authors: Piber Dominique , Olmstead Richard , Cho Joshua H. , Guzman Miguel , Irwin Michael R.
Published: February 2022

Background

Depressive symptoms, such as depressed mood, are common in older adults and associated with an increased risk for morbidity and mortality. Given the evidence that sleep disturbance and alterations in interferon (IFN)-γ biology are associated with depression risk, this study examines the separate and joint contributions of poor sleep maintenance and IFN-γ to depressed mood in older adults.

Methods

Community-dwelling, non-depressed older adults (n = 36, 72.1 ± 6.8 years) underwent a night of polysomnography to assess sleep maintenance [i.e. wake time after sleep onset (WASO)]. The morning after polysomnography, plasma levels of IFN-γ were evaluated along with self-reported depressed mood throughout the day. Multivariate linear regression tested associations of WASO and IFN-γ with the severity of depressed mood. In addition, moderation and mediation models examined the role of IFN-γ for the relationship between WASO and depressed mood.

Results

A greater amount of WASO (p < 0.05) and higher levels of IFN-γ (p < 0.01) were both associated with the severity of depressed mood. Moreover, IFN-γ moderated the relationship between WASO and depressed mood (p < 0.01), such that WASO was more strongly related to the depressed mood among those with higher IFN-γ, than among those with lower IFN-γ. However, IFN-γ did not mediate the relationship between WASO and depressed mood.

Conclusion

In this study of older adults, poor sleep maintenance and higher levels of IFN-γ were both related to depressed mood. Moreover, IFN-γ moderated the relationship between poor sleep maintenance and depressed mood. Together, these findings suggest that older adults with higher IFN-γ are at heightened risk for depressive symptoms following sleep disturbance.
Characterizing sustained social anxiety in individuals at clinical high risk for psychosis: trajectory, risk factors, and functional outcomes
Authors: Deng Wisteria , Addington Jean , Bearden Carrie E. , Cadenhead Kristin S. , Cornblatt Barbara A. , Mathalon Daniel H. , Perkins Diana O. , Seidman Larry J. , Tsuang Ming T. , Woods Scott W. , Walker Elaine F. , Cannon Tyrone D.
Published: February 2022

Background

While comorbidity of clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) status and social anxiety is well-established, it remains unclear how social anxiety and positive symptoms covary over time in this population. The present study aimed to determine whether there are more than one covariant trajectory of social anxiety and positive symptoms in the North American Prodrome Longitudinal Study cohort (NAPLS 2) and, if so, to test whether the different trajectory subgroups differ in terms of genetic and environmental risk factors for psychotic disorders and general functional outcome.

Methods

In total, 764 CHR individuals were evaluated at baseline for social anxiety and psychosis risk symptom severity and followed up every 6 months for 2 years. Application of group-based multi-trajectory modeling discerned three subgroups based on the covariant trajectories of social anxiety and positive symptoms over 2 years.

Results

One of the subgroups showed sustained social anxiety over time despite moderate recovery in positive symptoms, while the other two showed recovery of social anxiety below clinically significant thresholds, along with modest to moderate recovery in positive symptom severity. The trajectory group with sustained social anxiety had poorer long-term global functional outcomes than the other trajectory groups. In addition, compared with the other two trajectory groups, membership in the group with sustained social anxiety was predicted by higher levels of polygenic risk for schizophrenia and environmental stress exposures.

Conclusions

Together, these analyses indicate differential relevance of sustained v. remitting social anxiety symptoms in the CHR-P population, which in turn may carry implications for differential intervention strategies.
Voice quality and speaking rate in Icelandic rhetorical questions
Authors: Dehé Nicole , Wochner Daniela
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we show that Icelandic uses the phonetic parameters of speaking rate, duration and voice quality (VQ) to distinguish between information-seeking questions (ISQs) and rhetorical questions (RQs). Specifically, durations are longer (speaking rate is slower) and nonmodal VQs are used more in RQs than in ISQs. Our findings for temporal parameters fit in with previous studies on the prosody of RQs in various languages. With respect to VQ, Icelandic differs, for example, from German and English in the location of breathy voice in the utterance (utterance-initial in German and English, utterance-final in Icelandic). We interpret the utterance-final position of breathiness in Icelandic RQs as a potential compensating strategy for the lack of phonological cues, i.e. boundary tones.
Autonomous navigation for Mars probes using only satellite-to-satellite tracking measurements by singularity-avoiding orbit elements
Authors: Ma Pengbin , Yang Jie , Li Hengnian , Zhang Zhibin , Baoyin Hexi
Published: February 2022

This paper proposes a novel autonomous navigation method for Mars-orbiting probes. Satellite-to-satellite tracking (SST) between two probes is generally deemed to involve autonomous measurements with no dependence on any external observation sites on the Earth. For the conventional two-body dynamic model, it is well known that the orbit states cannot be estimated by merely using such SST measurements. Considering the effects of third-body gravitation perturbation and the weak Mars tesseral harmonics perturbation, autonomous navigation with SST measurements alone becomes weakly observable and may be achieved by some nonlinear filtering techniques. Two significant improvements are made to mitigate the nonlinearity brought by the dynamic models. First, singularity-avoiding orbit elements are selected to represent the dynamic models in order to reduce the intensity of the nonlinearity which cannot be overcome by the traditional position–velocity state expression. Second, the unscented Kalman filter method is effectively utilised to avoid the linearised errors calculated by its extended Kalman filter counterpart which may exceed the tesseral harmonics perturbation. A constellation, consisting of one low-orbit probe and one high-orbit probe, is designed to realise the autonomous orbit determination of both participating Mars probes. A reliable navigation solution is successfully obtained by Monte Carlo simulation runs. It shows that the errors of the semimajor axes of the two Mars probes are less than 10 m and the position errors are less than 1 km.
The epidemiology of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli serogroup O157 in England, 2009–2019
Authors: Butt Saira , Jenkins Claire , Godbole Gauri , Byrne Lisa
Published: February 2022

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroup O157 is a zoonotic, foodborne gastrointestinal pathogen of major public health concern. We describe the epidemiology of STEC O157 infection in England by exploring the microbiological and clinical characteristics, the demographic and geographical distribution of cases, and examining changes in environmental exposures over 11 years of enhanced surveillance. Enhanced surveillance data including microbiological subtyping, clinical presentations and exposures were extracted for all cases resident in England with evidence of STEC O157 infection, either due to faecal culture or serology detection. Incidence rates were calculated based on mid-year population estimates from the Office of National Statistics (ONS). Demographics, geography, severity and environmental exposures were compared across the time periods 2009–2014 and 2015–2019. The number of cases reported to national surveillance decreased, with the mean cases per year dropping from 887 for the period 2009–2014 to 595 for the period 2015–2019. The decline in STEC O157 infections appears to be mirrored by the decrease in cases infected with phage type 21/28. Although the percentage of cases that developed HUS decreased, the percentage of cases reporting bloody diarrhoea and hospitalisation remained stable. The number of outbreaks declined over time, although more refined typing methods linked more cases to each outbreak. Integration of epidemiological data with microbiological typing data is essential to understanding the changes in the burden of STEC infection, assessment of the risks to public health, and the prediction and mitigation of emerging threats.
PSEUDO-EUCLIDE, PSEUDO-PTOLÉMÉE ET THIASOS SUR LES MIROIRS
Authors: Rashed Roshdi
Published: February 2022

Parmi les écrits consacrés à la réflexion des rayons « visuels» et solaires sur les différents miroirs, il en existe deux, qui ont précédé bien d'autres, et qui occupent une position centrale dans l'histoire de la catoptrique : l'un est attribué à Euclide, l'autre à Ptolémée. À ces deux noms, on en ajoute un troisième jusqu'ici inconnu, Thiasos. Dans cet article, nous reprenons l'histoire textuelle et conceptuelle de cette tradition de recherche catoptrique.
Short proofs for long induced paths
Authors: Draganić Nemanja , Glock Stefan , Krivelevich Michael
Published: February 2022

We present a modification of the Depth first search algorithm, suited for finding long induced paths. We use it to give simple proofs of the following results. We show that the induced size-Ramsey number of paths satisfies
$\hat{R}_{\mathrm{ind}}(P_n)\leq 5 \cdot 10^7n$
, thus giving an explicit constant in the linear bound, improving the previous bound with a large constant from a regularity lemma argument by Haxell, Kohayakawa and Łuczak. We also provide a bound for the k-colour version, showing that
$\hat{R}_{\mathrm{ind}}^k(P_n)=O(k^3\log^4k)n$
. Finally, we present a new short proof of the fact that the binomial random graph in the supercritical regime,
$G(n,\frac{1+\varepsilon}{n})$
, contains typically an induced path of length
$\Theta(\varepsilon^2) n$
.
Prehospital Testing and Surveillance for SARS-CoV-2: A Special Report from the Sacramento (California USA) Mobile Integrated Health Unit
Authors: Jarman Angela F. , Ford James S. , Maynard Matthew J. , Simmons Zena L. , Mackey Kevin E. , Mumma Bryn E. , Rose John S.
Published: February 2022

Introduction:

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has killed nearly 800,000 Americans since early 2020. The disease has disproportionately affected older Americans, men, persons of color, and those living in congregate living facilities. Sacramento County (California USA) has used a novel Mobile Integrated Health Unit (MIH) to test hundreds of patients who dwell in congregate living facilities, including skilled nursing facilities (SNF), residential care facilities (ie, assisted living facilities [ALF] and board and care facilities [BCF]), and inpatient psychiatric facilities (PSY), for SARS-CoV-2.

Methods:

The MIH was authorized and rapidly created at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic as a joint venture between the Sacramento County Department of Public Health (SCDPH) and several fire-based Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agencies within the county to perform SARS-CoV-2 testing and surveillance in a prehospital setting at a number of congregate living facilities. All adult patients (≥18 years) who were tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection by the MIH from March 31, 2020 through April 30, 2020 and lived in congregate living facilities were included in this retrospective descriptive cohort. Demographic and laboratory data were collected to describe the cohort of patients tested by the MIH.

Results:

During the study period, the MIH tested a total of 323 patients from 15 facilities in Sacramento County. The median age of patients tested was 66 years and the majority were female (72%). Overall, 72 patients (22%) tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 in congregate living settings, a higher rate of positivity than was measured across the county during the same time period.

Conclusion:

The MIH was a novel method of epidemic surveillance that succeeded in delivering effective and efficient testing to patients who reside in congregate living facilities and was able to accurately identify pockets of infection within otherwise low prevalence areas. Cooperative prehospital models are an effective model to deliver out-of-hospital testing and disease surveillance that may serve as a blueprint for community-based care delivery for a number of disease states and future epidemics or pandemics.
Obsessive–compulsive disorder and the associated risk of autoimmune skin diseases: a nationwide population-based cohort study
Authors: Chou Yu-Ju , Tai Ying-Hsuan , Dai Ying-Xiu , Lee Din-Dar , Chang Yun-Ting , Chen Tzeng-Ji , Chen Mu-Hong
Published: February 2022

Background

The concurrent incidence of autoimmune comorbidities in obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) is known. However, the association between OCD and related autoimmune skin diseases (ASDs) has not been well studied.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the association between OCD and the risk of ASDs.

Methods

To assess the risk of developing ASDs, we recruited 44 324 patients with OCD and 177 296 matched controls from the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan. A Cox regression model was used for the analyses.

Results

After adjusting for confounders, an increased risk of ASDs among the patients with OCD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR]: 6.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 5.43-7.45) was found when compared to the controls. Statistically significant associations were found between OCD and seven individual ASDs, including psoriasis (aHR: 12.52; 95% CI: 8.78-17.85), lichen planus (aHR: 27.22; 95% CI: 13.09-56.60), alopecia areata (aHR: 13.69; 95% CI: 9.38-19.98), autoimmune bullous diseases (aHR: 4.30; 95% CI: 2.03-9.11), hidradenitis suppurativa (aHR: 29.95; 95% CI: 3.35-267.62), vitiligo (aHR: 9.35; 95% CI: 5.35-16.32), and lupus erythematosus (aHR: 2.10; 95% CI: 1.52-2.91).

Conclusions

Patients with OCD had an increased risk of developing ASDs compared to matched controls. Further studies are required to clarify the underlying mechanisms.
Symbolic Specialization of Rewriting Logic Theories withPresto
Authors: ALPUENTE MARÍA , ESCOBAR SANTIAGO , SAPIÑA JULIA , BALLIS DEMIS
Published: February 2022

This paper introduces$\tt{{Presto}}$, a symbolic partial evaluator for Maude’s rewriting logic theories that can improve system analysis and verification. In$\tt{{Presto}}$, the automated optimization of a conditional rewrite theory$\mathcal{R}$(whose rules define the concurrent transitions of a system) is achieved by partially evaluating, with respect to the rules of$\mathcal{R}$, an underlying, companion equational logic theory$\mathcal{E}$that specifies the algebraic structure of the system states of$\mathcal{R}$. This can be particularly useful for specializing an overly general equational theory$\mathcal{E}$whose operators may obey complex combinations of associativity, commutativity, and/or identity axioms, when being plugged into a host rewrite theory$\mathcal{R}$as happens, for instance, in protocol analysis, where sophisticated equational theories for cryptography are used.$\tt{{Presto}}$implements different unfolding operators that are based onfolding variant narrowing(the symbolic engine of Maude’s equational theories). When combined with an appropriate abstraction algorithm, they allow the specialization to be adapted to the theory termination behavior and bring significant improvement while ensuring strong correctness and termination of the specialization. We demonstrate the effectiveness of$\tt{{Presto}}$in several examples of protocol analysis where it achieves a significant speed-up. Actually, the transformation provided by$\tt{{Presto}}$may cut down an infinite folding variant narrowing space to a finite one, and moreover, some of the costly algebraic axioms and rule conditions may be eliminated as well. As far as we know, this is the first partial evaluator for Maude that respects the semantics of functional, logic, concurrent, and object-oriented computations.
The Role of Internal Variability in ITCZ Changes Over the Last Millennium
Authors: Roldán‐Gómez P. J. , González‐Rouco J. F. , Melo‐Aguilar C. , Smerdon J. E.
Published: February 2022

Tropical hydroclimate is modulated by the position and intensity of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Reconstructions and simulations of the Last Millennium (LM) suggest latitudinal variations of the ITCZ that impact the hydroclimate over large regions of the world. These ITCZ shifts have been generally linked to external radiative forcing, but analyses of the Community Earth System Model – Last Millennium Ensemble (CESM‐LME) demonstrate a significant contribution of internal variability over multidecadal and centennial timescales. In contrast to changes driven by external forcing, which are associated with an asymmetric warming between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the contribution of internal variability in the CESM‐LME is associated with cooling and warming of the eastern Pacific. While external forcing remains the main driver of ITCZ changes in the Atlantic basin, the contribution of internal variability in the CESM‐LME exceeds that of the forcing for the Pacific and Indian Ocean basins.
Multidecadal Trends in Organic Carbon Flux Through a Grassland River Network Shaped by Human Controls and Climatic Cycles
Authors: Johnston Sarah Ellen , Gunawardana Panditha V. S. L. , Rood Stewart B. , Bogard Matthew J.
Published: February 2022

Grasslands are among the most disturbed systems on Earth due to extensive agricultural development and river regulation. To define how these factors impact the movement of carbon (C) through river networks, we quantified multi‐decadal, seasonal patterns of dissolved organic C (DOC) fluxes through a grassland river network. Despite urbanization and effluent release in recent decades, we did not observe trends in DOC fluxes over 20 to 40 year monthly sample records. High interannual variability in DOC flux was linked to climate teleconnections, most strongly the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Human impacts were more apparent on the seasonality of flux, since spring export dominated DOC flux in most sub‐watersheds, but seasonal changes were absent at the river mouth due to downstream flow control. In grassland regions, human impacts on DOC flux are complex, and subtle long‐term changes may be difficult to identify in contemporary monitoring records due to increasing hydro‐climatic variability.