Categorization of DTPA extractable micronutrients using GIS techniques in tehsil Muzaffargarh, Punjab, Pakistan
Authors:   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Sheikh Aftab Ahmad , Qazi Muhammad Akram , Khan Naveed Iqbal ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Farooq Anam ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Umar Farah ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Gul Rehman ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Shafique Maryam ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Rehman Haseeb ur ,   Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Kalyar Zafar ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Shehzad Khurram ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Waheed Abdul ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Saeed Abdul Manan ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Tarar Zahid Hassan ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Rehman Hafeez u ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Khan Muhammad Salik Ali ,   Provincial Reference Fertilizer Testing Laboratory, Raiwind, Lahore, Aslam Muhammad Shoaib ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Afzal Sher ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan, Sattar Annum ,   Soil Fertility Research Institute, Punjab, Pakistan
Published: July 2023

Soil health in terms of plant available nutrients is crucial to estimate the yield potential of agricultural land in an area. Based on the availability of soil health data, it is possible to set yield targets using various yield prediction models. This study was initiated to estimate the concentration of DTPA-extractable micronutrients in Tehsil Muzaffargarh and to develop a database that can be used to develop predictive models. Soil samples (n=11537) were collected from Muzaffargarh (0-15 cm depth). The latitude and longitude values of sampling points were recorded for the purpose of georeferencing the soil samples. Micronutrients such as zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) were extracted with diethylenetriamine penta-acetate (DTPA) extraction solution and their concentrations were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Water soluble boron (B) was determined spectrophotometrically using Azomethine-H as colour developing reagent. Critical limits established by the National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan, were used as a benchmark for grading micronutrient status. The ordinary kriging technique was used to visualize the micronutrient status in the surveyed area and digital maps were prepared using Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS) software. Results showed that the range of DTPA-extractable micronutrients Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu ranged from 0.10-5.92, 0.01-12.51, 0.09-10.00 and 0.03-8.08 µg/g, respectively. Boron concentration ranged from 0.02-1.98µg/g. Most of the soils in the studied area had adequate levels of Zn (61.9%) and Cu (48.6%) while 45.8, 43.3 and 55.4 % of the soil samples fell into the marginal category in terms of Cu, Mn, and B, respectively. The results revealed the widespread deficiency of DTPA-extractable Fe (< 4.5mg kg-1 in 74% soil samples) in Tehsil Muzaffargarh. The digitized maps developed from this study would serve as primary source to locate micronutrient deficient areas and also set site-specific yield targets along with other biophysical factors. However, these maps need ground truthing after crop harvest each year.