bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical property evaluation of tellurite–germanate glasses and comparison of their radiation-shielding characteristics using EPICS2017 to other glass systems
Authors: Almuqrin Aljawhara H. , Sayyed M. I. , Jecong J. F. M. , Prabhu Nimitha S. , Raviprakash Y. , Kamath Sudha D.
Published: April 2022

In this study, four tellurite–germanate glasses containing zinc, lithium, and bismuth with varied Bi2O3 and TeO2 amounts were investigated. The mechanical qualities of sample glasses were investigated and associated with their structural properties. Furthermore, the radiation-shielding capabilities of N1–N4 glasses were evaluated at 0.662 MeV using EPICS2017. The radiation-shielding characteristics were compared with the radiation-shielding parameters published in the literature for various glass systems. When TeO2 was replaced with Bi2O3, Young’s and bulk moduli of the material decreased. The L values of glasses were higher than their S values (14–13 GPa), indicating that they can tolerate longitudinal stress better than shear stress and can be bent rather than elongated readily. The MACs calculated were comparable to those obtained using WinXcom. The tenth-value layer (TVL) of all of the sample glasses was higher than that of the bismuth aluminosilicate glasses. All of the borate glass systems containing bismuth, sodium, and antimony had lower TVLs than N1–N3 glasses. The half-value layer was more in the N4 glass with the greatest Bi2O3 content than those in 50 and 60 mol% PbO-containing strontium borate glasses.
Early literacy curriculum and its journey to kindergarten classroom
Authors: Zápotočná Oľga , Petrová Zuzana , Urban Marek , Urban Kamila
Published: April 2022

Implementing new school reforms in school practice is extremely challenging mostly because of teacher resistance to change, or uncertainty, fear, or nostalgia for the previous curriculum. Since 2016 a new preschool curriculum including a new early literacy curriculum has been in force in Slovakia. The aim of the study is to assess how well teachers follow the requirement to use a variety of texts in the classroom to promote early literacy development. The analysis is performed on 138 observations out of a total of 215 structured observations, in which teachers used a text as part of an educational activity. The predominant use of narrative texts is linked to more traditional early literacy activities; however, the employment of different text genres relates to the use of different sources of text presentation, engagement with different ways of working with the text and is accompanied by different reading activities.
Diverstity and centrism in two contrasting early childhood education and care systems: Slovakia and Indonesia compared
Authors: Pupala Branislav , Yulindrasari Hani , Rahardjo Maria Melita
Published: April 2022

National early childhood education and care (ECEC) systems have been shaped by external influences and have taken different forms in developed countries than in post-colonial countries. This study systematically compares and examines the autonomous elements in national ECEC systems and the countervailing homogenisation process in Slovakia and Indonesia -two countries located in a different hemisphere with different historical, cultural, and political backgrounds. The study shows new rhetoric triggering different tendencies. In Slovakia, the “competency” and “standards” turn led to steps to increase ECEC institutions’ autonomy and give them greater power to create tailor-made education programmes. While in Indonesia, the turn went in the opposite direction, reinforcing curriculum centralisation and increasing its regulatory functions regarding ECEC. This shift towards the same discourse, terminology and concepts does not automatically trigger processes that lead to a significant similarity and the convergence between ECEC systems due to their specific historical, cultural, and political contexts.
For God and for nation! The ideologisation of schools and education under the changing relationship between church and state in Slovakia
Authors: Kaščák Ondrej , Danišková Zuzana
Published: April 2022

The present study analyses education policy in Slovakia and determines the role of the church in education governance and the church–state relationship in education policy. The church–state relationship is also evident in the specific constellations of the national curriculum. The study highlights the de-secularisation trend in education policy and curricula and identifies the links between religious and nationalist education content, which are largely a relic of the historical (and controversial) era of Slovak statehood building. It also analyses Ethical Education, which is a specific (and internationally unique) school subject in Slovakia that has been shaped by a particular church–state ‘ideological governing form’.
Civil defence education: (Non)specific dangers and destabilisation of actorship in education
Authors: Wirthová Jitka , Barták Tomáš
Published: April 2022

This paper focuses on the push to stabilise society through civil defence education (CDE) in the changing context of nationalism and populism. We analysed the way in which justifications and criticism of civil defence education (CDE) have evolved as an ordering project intended to solve the problems with dangers that were variously defined. We identified two locations of the danger to be tackled by the new CDE – external and specific; and internal and general – which partly correspond to key political events: the migrant and Ukraine crises, and pre-election battles. Transformation of dangers stabilised education’s subservient role while destabilising educators’ position in the public debate. Drawing on relational sociology, qualitative analysis of the Czech media, and interviews, we show that the dangers defined by educational actors are circumvented to be replaced by populist and nationalist problems that were not the problems of the actors who would be most affected by the proposed curricular changes. We suggest looking at contemporary nationalists’ claims in education as a sign that topological arrangements are being reshaped among political, educational, and civic actors in terms of divides, externality, and irrelevance.
Coronavirus anxiety in Slovakia during the second wave of the pandemic – Associations with depression, insomnia and generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Babinčák Peter , Babjáková Jaroslava
Published: April 2022

The study had two main goals: Firstly, the authors aimed to verify the validity and reliability of the Slovak adaptation of the Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). Secondly, the authors examined the associations between the CAS and mental health indicators – depression, insomnia and generalized anxiety disorder. The representative sample consisted of 1625 Slovak participants from the general population (793 men and 832 women, Mage = 42.77 ±12.84). The data were collected in October 2020. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analysis and multiple hierarchical regression analysis. The authors confirmed that the psychometric properties of the CAS were adequate. Furthermore, they identified predictors of depression (gender, income, change in economic situation, subjective poverty, CAS), generalized anxiety disorder (gender, age, change in economic situation, subjective poverty, CAS) and insomnia (change in economic situation, subjective poverty, CAS). The results may contribute to our understanding of the pandemic’s impact on mental health.
A misfortune or a benefit? Young people’s quality of life and romantic relationships during the Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Kallová Nikola , Hnatkovičová Denisa , Lukšík Ivan
Published: April 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has brought unexpected changes in important aspects of young people’s lives. The academic literature contains many studies on the risks and adverse effects, while any potential positive aspects have been side-lined. This paper examines quality of life and relationships among young people in emerging and young adulthood in order to identify the negatives and benefits of the pandemic. In this qualitative research a “letter to a friend” free-writing exercise was used as the data collection method on a total sample of 107 young people aged 18-34 years. Using reflective thematic analysis, the statements were then grouped into two themes: “Covid as a misfortune” and “Covid as a benefit”.
Individual representations of love and their social and cultural resources
Authors: Lukšík Ivan , Guillaume Michaela Košútová
Published: April 2022

Many scholars consider love to be a complex phenomenon with multiple social, cultural and biological dimensions and contexts. The aim of this study was to examine individual representations of love among young people in emerging adulthood and the sources they are derived from. The survey completed by a sample of 397 young people aged 18–29 showed that all the representations of love can be structured into five factors of love: 1. strength and positive benefits of love, 2. physical love, commitment, searching and building, 3. biological and self-centred love, 4. the reverse side of love, and 5. spiritual love. Respondents were grouped into three profiles: 1. Strong, self-beneficial and relational love, 2. More explicit strong, self-beneficial and relational love, 3. Complex love. The general cultural resources for these factors and love profiles are Christian love and interpretations of socialised romantic love and their deconstructions.
Anti-obesity effects of the n-butanol fraction of the methanolic leaf extract of Artemisia campestris from Tunisian pharmacopeia in male Wistar rats
Authors: Belgacem Amel , Senejoux François , Felgines Catherine , Fraisse Didier , Bitri Lotfi , Khemiri Ikram
Published: April 2022

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate the effect of the n-butanol fraction of the methanol leaf extract of Artemisia campestris (BFAC), growing wild in the arid zone of Tunisia, on induced obesity in male Wistar rats.

Methods

The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of the BFAC were estimated. The main phenolic composition of the BFAC was determined using the high-performance chromatography system coupled with a diode array detector technics. Five groups of rats received either a standard diet (SD group), a high-fat diet (HFD group), or an HFD supplemented with oral administration of BFAC for eight weeks.

Results

The BFAC showed higher phenolic content and antioxidant potential than the total leaf methanol extract. Chlorogenic acid, rutin, and dicaffeoylquinic acids were identified in the BFAC. HFD increased body and relative liver weights, as well as serum and hepatic levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol, compared to SD. HFD generated significant oxidative stress in the liver by increasing lipid peroxidation and reducing glutathione-S-transferase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities, compared to SD. These HFD-altered parameters were restored to normal values by oral treatment with the BFAC.

Conclusions

These findings give first evidence about the antiobesity efficacy of A. campestris. Such a study would enhance existing information and promote the use of this species.
Schule, Körper und Geschlecht: Die Ausdifferenzierung des schulischen Mädchenturnens zwischen 1890 und 1918
Authors: Berner Esther
Published: April 2022

Der Beitrag widmet sich der Einführung und Etablierung des Mädchenturnens mit Schwerpunkt auf den preußischen Schulen, wie es sich an der Wende vom 19. zum 20. Jahrhundert bis zum Ersten Weltkrieg vollzogen hat. Die Frage richtet sich dabei auf die Art und Weise, wie dieser Prozess verlief, aber auch darauf, weshalb die Ausdehnung des Schulturnens auf die Mädchen mit einiger Verzögerung gegenüber dem Knabenturnen zu einem bestimmten Zeitpunkt schließlich stattgefunden hat. Als Grundlage der Untersuchung dienen normative Quellen (Richtlinien, Lehrmittel) ebenso wie einschlägige Zeitschriftenliteratur, anhand derer sich der die Entwicklungen begleitende Diskurs rekonstruieren lässt. Ein besonderer Fokus richtet sich dabei auf die Rolle des sich wandelnden Körper- und Geschlechterwissens, wie es sich in zeitgenössischen wissenschaftlichen Texten (z.B. Physiologie und Medizin) und populären (Lehr-)Büchern zum Thema Leibesübungen und Gesundheit manifestiert hat.
Jugendliche Turnerinnen „voll im Trend“ - Zur Bedeutung von informellem Turnen und digitalen Medien für die Identitätsarbeit von Turnerinnen im Jugendalter
Authors: Metz Sarah
Published: April 2022

Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird anhand qualitativer Interviews mit Turnerinnen im Alter von fünfzehn bis sechszehn Jahren untersucht, wie sich sportive und digitale Praktiken gegenseitig bedingen und welche Rolle diese für die jugendliche Identitätsarbeit spielen. Die Turnerinnen bedienen sich informeller Turnpraktiken, um ihre Identität als Sportlerinnen aktiv zu konstruieren und digital darzustellen. Es stellte sich heraus, dass die Befragten unterschiedliche Selbstentwürfe in ihr turnerisches Identitätsprojekt integrieren, die sich sowohl an Leistung und sozialer Anerkennung als auch an Selbstentfaltung und sozialer Vergemeinschaftung orientieren. Digitale Medien dienen ihnen dabei als wichtiges Werkzeug der Identitätsarbeit.
Formation and stability of Rh2Cd5 and its strucural correlation with RhCd and Rh3Cd5−δ
(δ ∼ 0.56)
Authors: Roy Nilanjan , Koley Biplab , Harshit  , Jana Partha P.
Published: April 2022

The formation and the stability of a unique intermetallic phase Rh2Cd5 (2:5) that adopts a defect In3Pd5 structure type, has been addressed on the basis of electronic structure calculation and chemical bonding approach. The crystal structures of three closely related phases {RhCd, Rh2Cd5 and Rh3Cd5−δ
(δ ∼ 0.56)} in the Rh–Cd binary system are compared. Electronic structure calculations for all these phases reveal that a state-deficient region or pseudogap is opened up near the Fermi level in the electronic density of states.
Prone Position in Treatment of Hypoxemia in Patients Who Underwent Type A Aortic Dissection Surgery
Authors: Gu Junjunn , Feng Yulan , Chen Si , Cao Yingdan , Li Kexin , Du Yanze , Li Ning , Li Haiyan
Published: April 2022

Background: Postoperative hypoxemia is a high-risk complication after acute type A aortic dissection (TAAD) surgery. Prone position (PP) is an effective treatment for acute respiratory failure, which may improve the gas exchange of the injured lung and the patient’s survival. PP is reported to improve the respiratory condition after cardiac surgery. However, limited data exist on the effect of PP in patients who underwent acute TAAD surgery.
Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical outcomes of seven patients with severe hypoxemia who underwent PP after acute TAAD surgery. The results of arterial blood gas, chest X-ray, and survival were collected.
Results: Seven patients (3 female, mean age 48.3±11.7 years) were recruited in this study. All patients received total arch replacement and frozen elephant trunk implantation procedure. The PaO2 at day 1 after PP was higher than before PP (126.3±49.3 vs. 77.8±15.5 mmHg). The oxygenation index rose sharply from 83.0 (80.0, 87.0) to 188.3±56.5 at day 3 after PP. There was no significant difference in heart rate between before and after PP procedure. Chest X-ray showed the diffuse shadow was significantly improved after PP. All patients responded well to PP, and all patients were discharged except for one patient, who died perioperatively due to multiple organ failure.
Conclusions: PP is a safe and feasible option for severe hypoxemia patients after TAAD surgery.
That’s No Moon, It’s a Giant Left Ventricular Aneurysm: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Liu Tom , Shakir Huzaifa
Published: April 2022

Background: Although the most common causes of left ventricular aneurysm (LVA) is ischemic disease, other infectious, traumatic, genetic and iatrogenic etiologies exist. With the improvement of medical therapy for ischemic disease and earlier interventions such as PCI, the incidence of large LVA (>3cm) and surgical treatment for it is increasingly rare. 
Case study: We describe a case report and literature review of a giant LVA in a patient, who presented with unclear etiology. A 61-year-old male was referred to our tertiary center. He underwent aneurysmectomy and mitral valve replacement for a giant (10cm x 10cm) LVA with severe mitral regurgitation. 
Conclusion: Surgery for LVA is becoming less common. Early intervention can restore cardiac geometry with good short and long-term surgical outcomes, especially in patients with preserved EF. Ultimately, a giant ventricular aneurysm remains an indication for surgical intervention. Patients with markedly reduced EF may derive reduced benefits from aneurysmectomy.
Outcomes After Transcatheter Closure of Atrial Septal Defect Without Using a Balloon-Sizing Technique: A Randomized Controlled Comparison with Closures Using a Balloon-Sizing Technique
Authors: Kim Beom Joon , Song Jinyoung , Huh June , Kang I-Seok
Published: April 2022

Background: The transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect could be completed without the balloon-sizing technique, so we evaluated long-term outcomes compared with closure using balloon sizing, which was the conventional method. Even without using the balloon-sizing technique, transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect might be safe and effective.
Methods: We included 124 patients with isolated atrial septal defects who underwent device closure without balloon sizing between 2012 and 2016, and we further included 257 patients as a control group. Patients who received closure with multiple devices or who experienced postoperative residual defects were excluded. Immediate procedural results, as well as long-term outcomes for closure without balloon sizing, were investigated and compared with the control group.
Results: The procedural success rate was 96.7%, and there were no mortalities. No embolization or cardiac erosions were observed; however, one patient experienced residual shunt, and another developed progressed mitral regurgitation during the follow-up period (983±682 days). Newly onset persistent atrial fibrillation developed in one patient (1.0%). There were no significant differences in procedures or follow-up between the study and control groups. Despite the shorter procedural time in the study group, fluoro time was not different. Atrial arrhythmias were more frequently observed in the control group, but the difference was not significant. Persistent atrial fibrillation was observed in two patients in the control group (0.8%).
Conclusions: Transcatheter closure of atrial septal defect can be performed safely and effectively without using the balloon-sizing technique. The long-term outcomes were similar to outcomes with balloon sizing.
The First Case of Composite Hemangioendothelioma in The Heart
Authors: Zhang Xiaojie , Wang Shiqiang , Jin Mei
Published: April 2022

Composite hemangioendothelioma (CHE) is an extremely rare vascular neoplasm that is characterized by an admixture of benign, low-grade malignant, and malignant vascular components. It is usually located superficially in the dermis and subcutis of the extremities, and other sites involved include the head and neck region, oral mucosa, and viscera of the kidney and spleen. CHE has a low-grade malignant potential because it is locally aggressive. Here, we report a case of CHE in the heart in a 46-year-old man, who presented with a palpable mass arising from his right ventricle. Echocardiogram imaging revealed a 13.3 × 14.2 mm mass with high-signal intensity. Excision was performed, and microscopic examination revealed a heterogeneous mixture of vascular components, consisting of spindle-cell hemangioma, retiform hemangioendothelioma, and epithelioid-like hemangioendothelioma areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the behavior of this distinctive vascular neoplasm occurring in the right ventricle. Due to the unclear biological behavior of CHE in the heart and the paucity of cases, no further therapy was undertaken despite the risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis. The result of a six-month follow-up after surgery was disease-free.
La chirurgie de la gynécomastie ; point de vue du chirurgien thoracique.
Authors: Rhaouti Maroua , Lamouime Fatima Ezzahrae , Lakranbi Marouane , Ouadnouni Yassine , Smahi Mohamed
Published: April 2022

Introduction : La gynécomastie correspond à la prolifération bénigne du tissu glandulaire mammaire chez l’homme. Elle peut être secondaire à une pathologie grave dont le constat nécessite la mise en route d’une démarche étiologique. Bien que le traitement médical puisse être une option, le traitement chirurgical représente actuellement la solution idéale, avec des résultats très satisfaisant.
Patients et méthodes : Durant une période de cinq ans (2017, 2021), 09 patients ayant une gynécomastie ont été opérés, colligés au service de chirurgie thoracique CHU Hassan II FES. Les techniques chirurgicales comprenaient la mastectomie sous-cutanée, la liposuccion ou l’association des deux.
Résultats : L'âge moyen était de 25 ans. Le motif de consultation était le problème esthétique dans 100%.  La mastodynie et la phobie de cancer n’ont été reportées dans aucun cas. 50% avaient une gynécomastie bilatérale, 37.5% avaient une gynécomastie unilatérale droite, ainsi que 12.5% avait une gynécomastie unilatérale gauche. Le grade IIb de Simon (4 patients, 50%) était le plus fréquent. Une mastectomie sous-cutanée était utilisée chez 6 patients, une association mastectomie et liposuccion chez 2 patients, une mastectomie avec réimplantation du mamelon chez 1 patient, et une mastectomie bilatérale chez un patient. Des complications postopératoires sont survenues chez 25% de nos patients. Un cas d’hématome (12.5%), 01 cas de nécrose péri-aréolaire (12.5%). La totalité des patients étaient satisfaits des résultats esthétiques.
Conclusion : Bien que l’efficacité́ du traitement médical n’ait pas encore été́ établie, le traitement chirurgical en fonction du grade évolutif de la maladie représente actuellement la solution idéale qui permet de retrouver une silhouette masculine évidente, quittant une ambivalence qui peut peser dans leur activité́ socio- professionnelle.
The importance of D-DIMER values in COVID-19 patients with pulmonary thromboembolism in the two first years of the pandemia
Authors: Rocha Martinez Tania Leme da , Valera Gasparoto André Luis , Pantoja Margeotto Ana Paula , Rampinelli Adenilton , Saldanha Anita L R , Neris Eduardo , Ceglias Thomaz Braga , Rego Godinho Raoni , Castilho Otávio
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a big challenge to the healthcare community and many stakeholders. According to clinical studies, D-Dimer assays may be the "first line" of technical screening in symptomatic outpatients with suspected venous thrombosis or pulmonary embolism. This same affirmation may be applied to COVID-19 as its cause. In this study the comparison of the first two years of the COVID-19 appears the tendency of treatment decision making based in D-Dimer levels being a less important parameter. Many patients with COVID-19 have been observed to present with prominently elevated D-Dimers, findings which have been postulated to reflect underlying thromboembolic burden, which have been associated with increased mortality among such patients.
Urbanization promotes the local extinction of odonatas in veredas from Minas Gerais/Brazil
Authors: Pimenta Paloma Cristina , Vilela Diogo Silva , Pelli Afonso
Published: April 2022

The order Odonata is one of the most fascinating among insects, with an estimated 6,000 described species. Little is known about the Odonata fauna in many regions of Brazil; including Vereda’s areas. This unique plant formations occur only in Brazil. Despite being considered a preservation area, for over 70 years; there are a continuous degradation of this unique formation. The aim of this study was to survey the species of Odonata that occur in four areas of Veredas, within the urban perimeter of Uberaba/Minas Gerais. Two points were selected in the central region and two peripheral points. Four collections were carried out on sunny days, with two people intercepting the flight with entomological nets in May, September, December 2018 and March 2019. The total number of adults captured was 163. In the central points of the city we find generalist species, while in the peripheral points we find individuals endemic to Veredas and indicators of preserved environments. Data indicate that the Veredas have been severely abandoned by the Government and damaged by urbanization, and that the Odonata are an appropriate group to monitor the integrity of this type of environment, which gives rise to several important rivers in the region.
Impact of total lockdown due to COVID19 on the agro-economic traits of lemongrass
Authors: Sarkar Sougata , Verma Indrapal , Thapa Pratik Singh , Paswal Shazia
Published: April 2022

The COVID19 pandemic has inflicted unprecedented global unrest to every sector of mankind. Likewise, the research and development sector had its own share of disturbances due to the complete lockdown condition for a year. During this period, minimum or no activities could be carried out in the lemongrass trial and the treatments were left uncared for a year. Comparative analyses in seventeen lemongrass treatments were carried out to understand the impact of lockdown in eight agro-economic traits. Some well established and popular varieties of lemongrass (like CKP25) failed to perform well with respect to some traits while some less popular varieties (like Chirharit) performed better in same traits. Traits like survivability, clump circumference and citral content exhibited significant differences in the lemongrass treatments between the pre and post lockdown period. New natural recombinants were obtained that morphologically resembled variety CKP25 which were preserved for further investigation
Assessment of awareness and attitude of pregnant women towards anesthesia techniques for cesarean section and associated factors at selected public hospital of Addis Ababa Ethiopia, 2021
Authors: Teku Gudeta , Tafesse Dawit , Tesfaye Siryet
Published: April 2022

Objective: To assess awareness and attitude of pregnant women’s towards anesthesia techniques for cesarean section among women attending ANC at selected public Hospital of Addis Ababa, 2021. Method: During the study, 332 pregnant women attending ANC followup in selected public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia were selected systematically selected. Pretested and structured questionnaire was administered to the patient and the data was entered to into Epi info 7.2.4 and transferred to SPSS version 26 for analysis. Both binary and multivariate logistic regression were used to measure association between the factors and outcomes at 95% CI and P value <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Among 332 participants, 206 (62%) pregnant mothers heard about anesthesia before. Out of those who heard about anesthesia before (206), 116 (56.3%) participants had good awareness of anesthesia techniques. Level of education and number of parity were significantly associated with awareness of anesthesia techniques. Respondents who were completed secondary school had good awareness of anesthesia techniques [AOR=6.785; 95% CI (1.01- 45.170)] and women with para three pregnancy had good awareness than null parity [AOR=6.453; 95% CI (1.612-25.825)]. The study also found, 146 (70.9%) of respondents had positive attitude towards anesthesia techniques but previous type of anesthesia and absence of anesthesia related complication had no significant association with parturient’s attitude towards anesthesia techniques. Among 43 respondents previously received GA, 13 (30.2%) respondents preferred again GA whereas out of 66 respondents received SA, 48 participants preferred spinal anesthesia. Conclusion: Awareness about anesthesia and anesthesia techniques among parturient were 62%. 126 (38%) were even not heard about anesthesia before. Keywords: Cesarean section, Anesthesia techniques, Awareness and Attitude Strength of the study The study was conducted at a multicenter. Four Public Hospitals were randomly selected from Addis Ababa City Administration. We obtain representative participant which arrive the health care facility from various geographic locations and neighboring regional states Limitation of the study: The conclusion was based on few samples obtain from those hospitals; a large scale survey is required in order to assess the attitude of mothers toward anesthesia techniques.
Factors influencing selection of anesthesia types among pregnant mothers who underwent cesarean section In Jimma University specialized hospital
Authors: Nigussie Yirgu Ashebir , Daba Bikila Moges , Dalecha Aman Safawo
Published: April 2022

Background: Caesarean delivery is one of the most commonly performed surgical procedures all over the world. The choice of anesthesia for caesarean section is regional and general anesthesia. Some of the factors influencing the choice of anesthesia type for cesarean section are degree of urgency, maternal and fetal condition, and willingness of mother, experience of the anesthetists and availability of all anesthesia equipment. Hence, the aim of this study was to identify factors influencing types of anesthesia selection for cesarean section. Methods: A prospective cross sectional study design was conducted on factors influencing the choice of anesthesia type for mothers who underwent cesarean section in Jimma specialized hospital from April to June, 2018. All mothers underwent cesarean section were included. Regular supervision and follow up was made. Descriptive statistics were used to identify factors influencing types of anesthesia. Data was entered and analysis was done using SPSS versions 25. Results: A total of 65 pregnant mothers who underwent cesarean section were included. Nearly half of them, 32 (49.2%) were between 26-30 years old. Among all, 52.3% were undergone under spinal anesthesia. Majority, 78.5% of the mother underwent cesarean section were emergency in which 40% underwent under general anesthesia and 38.5% under spinal anesthesia. Ketamine, 61.3% took majority of induction agent during general anesthesia. 16.1% of pregnant mothers who came with fetus in distress and hypotension were given general anesthesia. Conclusion: Generally, almost the entire mother who came with stable maternal and fetal condition underwent spinal anesthesia. Three- fourth of emergency cases were undergoing with general anesthesia. Therefore, reduce use of general anesthesia in elective cases.
Effect of different perioperative glycemic protocols in nondiabetic patients undergoing open heart surgery: a comparative study
Authors: Das Deepanwita , Sen Chaitali , Mandal Amit , Goswami Anupam
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Hyperglycemia during cardiac surgery is common due to stress response and cardiopulmonary bypass. Increased blood glucose is associated with poor outcomes, more complications and increased mortality in diabetic as well as nondiabetic patients due to negative effect on endothelial function, myocardium and inflammatory response. Perioperative blood glucose control and correct target value in cardiac surgery patients remain an ongoing controversy. This study was conducted to observe the effect of two different glycemic protocols in non-diabetic patients undergoing on pump cardiac surgery. Materials and methods: A total of 102 non diabetic patients were randomly distributed into two groups: Group A, Group B. After induction a continuous insulin infusion at the rate of 0.1 unit/kg/hr was started in both groups when blood glucose level (BGL) was >140mg/dl in Group A and >180mg/dl in Group B. The infusion rate was adjusted to maintain BGL at 120-140mg/dl in Group A and 160-180mg/dl in Group B. BGL was measured at different points of time. Perioperative effects, requirement of cardiac drugs, insulin used and infection related complications were assessed. Results: Finally data of 100 patients were analyzed. Rate of deep sternal wound infection [Group A:B= 3(6.12%):4(7.84%)] and other infection related complications were similar in both the groups (p>0.05). Length of ICU stay was significantly longer in Group B than Group A (p=0.013). Conclusion: Perioperative infection rate in nondiabetic cardiac patients is not higher when Target blood glucose level is 160-180mg/dl as compared to120-140mg/dl. Though length of ICU stay is less in lower blood glucose group; perioperative morbidities and 30 day mortality is similar in both blood glucose range.
Speed breeding methods for soybean improvement: recent advances
Authors: Jan Sohail Ahmad , Tabassum Rukhsana , Bashir Hira
Published: April 2022

Food security is one of the key issues with the increase of world population. Continuous food production is important to enhance yield with increase of world population and food demand. Slow Soybean generation times is one of the key problems for its improvement and yield production. Speed breeding is one of the novel methods to increase the number of generations thereby decrease generation time. Many researchers have developed novel speed breeding protocols to produce early days to flower initiation, early maturity and overall growth and development of soybean genotypes, thus decreasing the generation times. Here we highlighted some of the efficient speed breeding protocols, developed by different researcher’s for important oilseeds crop soybean. This review will help researchers to use these systems for other important crop species improvement. However further work is needed to bring novelty in existing systems or to develop new speed breeding systems for enhancing yield related traits thus allowing soybean to grow at least 5 generations/year.
Analysing the firm failure process using Bayesian networks
Authors: Zelenkov Yuri
Published: April 2022

This work analyses the firm failure process stages using the Bayesian Network as a modelling tool because it allows us to identify causal relationships in the firm profile. We use publicly available data on French, Italian and Russian firms containing five samples corresponding to periods from one to five years before observation. Our results confirm that there is a difference between the stages of the failure process. For firms at the beginning of a lengthy process (3–5 years before observation), cumulative profitability is the key that determines liquidity. Then, as the process develops, leverage comes to the fore in the medium term (1–2 years before observation) for economies with more uncertainty. This factor limits the opportunities for making a profit, leading to further development of the failure. There are also national specifics that are caused, firstly, by the level of economic development and, secondly, economic policy uncertainty.
Information-logical model of express analysis of the state of the enterprise that meets the requirements of standards and regulations, based on publicly available data
Authors: Bogdanova Tatiana , Zhukova Liudmila
Published: April 2022

The last 10 years have witnessed an explosive growth in the volume of information posted on the Internet and the digital economy, as well as the formation of official databases of various public authorities. The availability of a large information base open for research has facilitated the development of new methods and approaches to solving analytical problems. Building management and decision-making support systems based on the use of united disparate open data sources allows end users to make the most effective decisions. This is the approach that underpins business growth and managerial maturity at all levels – there is no alternative. Such an approach ultimately creates the conditions for further growth of the economy as a whole. This paper proposes the information and logical model of express analysis of compliance of socio-economic condition of the enterprise with the regulatory requirements of the control and supervisory authorities on the basis of open, publicly available information. The conclusions drawn on the basis of express analysis serve as a basis for deciding on the need for a more detailed, in-depth analysis of the state of individual enterprises.
Simulation of migration and demographic processes using FLAME GPU
Authors: Makarov Valery , Bakhtizin Albert , Beklaryan Gayane , Akopov Andranik , Strelkovskii Nikita
Published: April 2022

This article presents an approach to modeling migration and demographic processes using a framework designed for large-scale agent-based modeling – FLAME GPU. This approach is based on the previously developed simulation model of interaction between two communities: migrants and natives that is implemented in the AnyLogic simulation software. The model has had a low dimensionality of the discrete space representing the operating environment of the agent populations and a deterministic decision-making system of each agent. At the same time, the presence of multiple interactions between agents and transitions between their states determines a high computational complexity of such a model. The use of FLAME GPU makes it possible to conduct extensive simulation experiments with the model, mainly due to the parallelization of computational processes at the level of each agent, as well as the implementation of the mechanism of multiple computations using Monte Carlo techniques. The developed framework is used to study the impact of the most important parameters of the model (e.g., rate of migration, governmental expenditures on integration, frequency of creation of new workplaces, etc.) on the key outputs of the modeled socio-economic system (in particular, population size, share of migrants, number of assimilated migrants, GDP growth rate, etc.). The proposed approach can be used to develop decision-making systems for planning the hiring of new employees based on the forecast dynamics of migration and demographic processes.
Customer segmentation using k-means clustering for developing sustainable marketing strategies
Authors: Gautam Nidhi , Kumar Nitin
Published: April 2022

Sales and marketing is the indispensable department of an organization which leads to the generation of revenue and building customer relationship. Marketing is the process of finding the potential customers and sales is the process of converting those potential customers into real customers. Hence, it is imperative that marketing and sales go hand in hand. Developing marketing strategies needs proper market research which can cover the relevant pointers like demographics, culture, spending power, income and many more. The process of segmentation, targeting and positioning (STP) is carried out to develop marketing and sales strategies. STP is done by collection of the marketing intelligence. For this process, surveys are also used but data mining has far more effective and better results so far. Organizations tend to take risk because of the importance and relevance of the marketing and sales department. Most of the budget in the organizations is allocated for marketing and promotional activities. For making data-driven and accurate decisions, data mining is used in various fields to extract valuable information and patterns. This paper discusses the use of the data mining concept on marketing. This paper aims to analyze marketing data with k-means data mining clustering techniques and to find the relationship between marketing and k-means data mining clustering techniques.
Centralized resource allocation based on energy saving and environmental pollution reduction using data envelopment analysis models
Authors: Madadi Sima , Hosseinzadeh Lotfi Farhad , Fallah Jelodar Mehdi , Rostamy-Malkhalifeh Mohsen
Published: April 2022

Environmental pollution has caused governments to be concerned about energy saving and the reduction of environmental pollution. Some researchers have presented resource allocation models as multi-objective linear programming (MOLP) in order to pay more attention to energy saving and environmental pollution reduction. Energy saving affects both desirable and undesirable outputs. In this paper, we argue for the inapplicability of the existing models for reducing the undesirable outputs through energy saving. The purpose of this paper is to design a model based on data envelopment analysis (DEA) that would result in reduced pollution through energy saving. Moreover, since an undesirable output is considered as a function of the total desirable outputs, if necessary, the changes should be applied to the total desirable outputs and there is no need to reduce each desirable output individually. Finally, the model proposed based on goal programming (GP) is used in 20 different regions in China. The results produced by this model indicate that the reduction proportion of total environmental pollution emissions per energy saving was larger than the reduction proportion of total desirable outputs.
Электронная самозанятость в старшем возрасте: мечта длиною в жизнь и монетизация деловых связей
Authors: Картузова Мария Владимировна
Published: April 2022

Старение населения в трудоспособном возрасте продолжается. Однако работодатели по-прежнему предпочитают нанимать более молодых сотрудников. Как следствие, старшие возраста активно вытесняются с рынка труда. Эта тенденция характерна не только для европейских развитых стран, но и для России. Люди старших возрастов вынуждены задумываться об альтернативных трудовых стратегиях, чтобы обеспечить не только свою выживаемость, но и поддерживать свои семьи. Самозанятость посредством цифровых платформ выступает в этом случае как одна из альтернатив работы по найму. Благодаря современному уровню развития IT, электронные платформы позволяют находить разовую работу и краткосрочные проекты без привязки к местоположению исполнителя, стирая границы государств с одной стороны, и открывая безграничные возможности для ненормированного рабочего дня и самоэксплуатации самозанятого – с другой. Цель статьи – определить мотивы, которыми руководствуются люди старших возрастов при переходе к самозанятости посредством цифровых платформ. В основу эмпирической части легло пилотное исследование, основанное на анализе 15 полуструктурированных интервью, проведенных с русскоязычными самозанятыми в возрасте от 50 лет и старше, проживающими на территории России. Среди респондентов были водители такси, тренеры, переводчики, репетиторы, копирайтеры, иллюстраторы и программисты. Использован подход обоснованной теории. В центре внимания – преимущества платформенной занятости (автономность и гибкие условия труда), а также мотивы самих самозанятых (монетизация хобби и деловых связей). Людей старшего возраста в самозанятости посредством электронных платформ привлекает возможность самостоятельного управления работой в рамках, ограниченных платформами; гибкие условия труда (место и время работы); и шанс монетизировать свое хобби и ранее накопленные деловые связи. Причем последние можно монетизировать как в явном виде – через сарафанное радио для привлечения новых заказов, так и опосредованно – через получение эмоциональной поддержки и укрепление собственного бренда.
Обусловленные социальные трансферты как важное направление развития государственной социальной помощи в России
Authors: Прокофьева Лидия Михайловна , Миронова Анна Алексеевна
Published: April 2022

Сокращение бедности является одним из приоритетных направлений социальной политики. Система обусловленных адресных выплат с зак­лючением социального контракта направлена на активизацию трудового потенциала нуждающихся домохозяйств в отличие от предоставления пассивной помощи в виде различных пособий. Этот вид социальной поддержки более прогрессивен по сравнению с пассивной помощью в виде пособий, но только для семей с трудовым потенциалом (незанятые взрослые). Даже в том случае, когда семье не удается с первого социального контракта выйти из бедности, усилия в этом направлении уменьшают ее социальную зависимость, дают уверенность в собственных силах и возможностях. В обзоре предпринимается попытка проанализировать общую концепцию политики социального контракта в России, а также рассмотреть картину региональных практик реализации социального контракта как формы государственной социальной помощи. В рамках данного исследования социальный контракт рассматривается с точки зрения нормативного подхода, где под социальным контрактом или договором социальной адаптации подразумевается договор о взаимных обязательствах между получателем адресной социальной помощи и обществом. Проведенный анализ показал, что общая панорама принятых правил оказания государственной социальной помощи на основе социального контракта в регионах России отличается крайней мозаичностью, как с точки зрения определения категорий получателей помощи и условий вхождения в программу, так и видов и размеров оказываемой поддержки. Среди факторов, сдерживающих развитие социального контракта в России, наряду с бюджетными ограничениями можно выделить также необходимость структурной перестройки деятельности органов социальной защиты с целью перехода от структуры кадров исключительно «выплатной» организации к созданию отдельной службы, ориентированной на сопровождение контрактов и работу с клиентами в ходе выполнения индивидуального плана социальной адаптации.
Качество человеческого капитала – ответ на вызовы социальной политики в условиях деструктурации
Authors: Сорокин Павел Сергеевич , Попова Татьяна Александровна
Published: April 2022

Обзор рассматривает «узкое» и «широкое» понимание «человеческого капитала» в контексте современных научных дискуссий, а также обсуждений в экспертном и политическом полях. Авторы выдвигают и обосновывают тезис о принципиальном качественном изменении социальной реальности последних десятилетий – набирающей темпы деструктурации, анализируют вытекающие из данного процесса новые запросы к качеству человеческого капитала, а также вызовы для социальной политики. На примере ряда эмпирических иллюстраций, включая рост платформенной занятости, социальной напряженности и ускорение технологических циклов, показывается необходимость перехода к новому теоретическому пониманию связей между, с одной стороны, человеческим капиталом и, с другой стороны, поддержанием и формированием социальной устойчивости. Если для традиционных представлений о человеческом капитале социальная устойчивость выступает в качестве «экстерналии», то есть косвенного эффекта (по отношению к прямому результату в виде экономической отдачи), то в новых реалиях актуальным является иной подход. В ситуации, когда сила детерминирующего воздействия социальных структур на индивидуальное действие снижается, способность к инициативному формированию и поддержанию «социальной связности» выходит на первый план как с практической, так и с теоретической точки зрения. Это дает основания для рассмотрения указанной способности как элемента человеческого капитала применительно к современным реалиям. Концептуальной опорой при этом могут выступать идеи со-основателя теории человеческого капитала нобелевского лауреата Теодора Шульца о «предпринимательском элементе» человеческого капитала, который предполагает способность к проактивному действию в широком круге социальных контекстов, включая сферу образования, семейной жизни, а не только рынок труда. Перспективными представляются разработки социологов, в частности, Питирима Сорокина, в отношении понятия «солидарность» и связанных с ним концепций, признающих способность индивида к созданию новых социальных образований и общностей не только «благодаря», но и «вопреки» доминирующим институциональным стимулам.
Социальная политика в постглобальном мире
Authors: Фофанова Катерина Владиславовна
Published: April 2022

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