bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acute febrile illness in pregnancy: Spectrum of disease and impact on maternal and foetal outcome
Authors: Thomas Sheba Meriam , Thomas Elsy , Benjamin Santhosh , Vijayaselvi Reeta , Satyendra Sowmya , Rajan Sudha Jasmine
Published: July 2024

Acute febrile illness (AFI) in pregnancy is a neglected cause of maternal and foetal mortality and morbidity in low-and middle-income countries. This prospective cohort studied antenatal and postpartum women admitted with acute fever to a tertiary care university teaching hospital from July 2014 to March 2015 for aetiology, maternal and foetal complications, and the impact on maternal mortality ratio (MMR) and perinatal mortality rate. Among the 180 women admitted with AFI, urinary tract infection 54(30%) was the commonest cause, followed by airborne infections (67; 37.2%), peripartum or wound infections (25; 13.8%) and vector-borne diseases (21; 11.6%). Maternal deaths were 4 (2%) and foetal deaths 9 (5%). Post-operative gram-negative sepsis was the most common cause of maternal mortality. The MMR was ten times higher with AFI 2778 against 197 ( p < 0.0001) among the other hospital deliveries during the same period. Screening for asymptomatic bacteriuria , maintaining aseptic precautions, and vaccination may impact maternal and foetal morbidity significantly.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy in early breast carcinoma using fluorescein sodium and methylene blue dye: A validation study
Authors: Jha Chandan Kumar , Sinha Upasna , Singh Prashant Kumar , Parasar Kunal , Kumar Manoj
Published: July 2024

The availability of radioisotopes for sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) in breast carcinoma is limited in low- and middle-income countries and thus the need for other reliable tracers exists. We aimed to validate the effectiveness of fluorescein sodium (FS) together with methylene blue dye (MBD) for patients with node-negative early breast carcinoma in a prospective cross-sectional study. Patients underwent SLNB using FS and MBD followed by axillary dissection to validate results. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) identification rate and false negative rate were assessed for all three tracers/combinations (MBD, FS, and MBD + FS). We concluded that SLNB using a combination of FS and MBD has an acceptable rate of SLN identification but the addition of FS provided no additional benefit.
Relationship between cyberbullying, anxiety, and depression among university students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alghamdi Waleed , Almadani Samara , Banjer Hanin , Alsulami Dima , Alghamdi Yara
Published: July 2024

Objective

Cyberbullying is defined as online aggressive behavior that involves insulting or threatening others, and has been shown to cause severe psychological distress, particularly in students. This is often attributed to the frequency and anonymity of the bullying behaviors. Given the lack of research on this issue in Saudi Arabia, the current study sought to evaluate the prevalence of cyberbullying and its relationship with anxiety, depression, and stress among university students in Jeddah.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, an online questionnaire was administered to 877 university students in Jeddah. Cyberbullying and cybervictimization were assessed using the Revised Cyberbullying Inventory scale (RCBI-II) and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale - 21 Items (DASS-21).

Results

The majority of students had the experience of being a cyberbully (73%), while 54% reported being a victim of cyberbullying. No significant association was found between gender and cyberbullying, with both males and females reporting high rates of cyberbullying. The majority of participants (n = 498) also reported significant depressive symptoms. A significant positive association was found between cyberbullying/cybervictimization and depression, anxiety, and stress.

Conclusion

Many university students in this study were found to be victims of cyberbullying, and there was a strong correlation between cyberbullying and anxiety, depression, and stress, indicating a potential impact on the psychological well-being of students. To address this issue, increased awareness of cyberbullying is needed, along with implementation of preventive measures such as educational campaigns and empathy-building activities among students.
Distinguishing Person-Specific from Situation-Specific Variation in Media Use: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Schnauber-Stockmann Anna , Scharkow Michael , Karnowski Veronika , Naab Teresa K. , Schlütz Daniela , Pressmann Paul
Published: July 2024

Media use varies between persons (person-specific variation) and within persons (situation-specific variation, that is, the same individual uses media differently across situations). Understanding the relative importance of these two levels of variation in media use is fundamental to theory building as it helps determine whether theories of media use should focus on person- or situation-specific factors. To examine the relative importance of person- versus situation-specific variation in media use, we conducted a meta-analysis of self-reported data from studies using repeated in situ measurement designs (28 studies with 150 media use measures). The results showed that about two-thirds of the variance in media use was situation-specific. This suggests that the situation level is of high relevance for understanding and measuring media use. Theoretically, situation-specific factors are key in explaining whether, how long, and how often individuals use media. Methodologically, our results call for in situ designs repeatedly measuring media use across situations.
Democracy’s ruling hand
Authors: Winter Steven L
Published: July 2024

The claim of liberal constitutionalism is that a text-like object or a ‘diplomatically abstract’ set of principles can work a deflection of disagreements within a pluralist polity. But this project assumes both that pluralism remains amenable to reason and that reason is a capacity independent of the profound differences of meaning, value, and forms of life that shape those disagreements. Neither assumption is correct. Differences in norms, values, and forms of life inevitably undergird and structure differences in meaning, perception, and interpretation. Consequently, a constitution (even when written and accompanied by judicial review) will necessarily unfold in an ongoing process of political cooperation and contestation. Legitimacy can arise only from the practice of democracy itself – that is, self-governance under conditions that realistically accord equal recognition and respect to all participants. Law is not some abstract entity or prior fixation, special and above. It is not, as Michelman once said, ‘an autonomous force’ that provides ‘an external untouchable rule of the game’. It is just another social institution or performative practice that does (or does not) reflect our democratic nomos. To be committed, as a strong democrat, to the rule of law is to be committed to the idea that we make the rules by which we govern ourselves. Equal voice, equal power, and equal law are just self-government. They are internal to – that is, constitutive of – the game. They are not untouchable; indeed, they are being manhandled every day. But they nevertheless describe a democratic constitution that fully legitimates itself in its performance.
How and Why Marriage is Related to Subjective Well-Being? Evidence from Chinese Society
Authors: Hu Yuxin , Zhang Runze , Zhao Shuming , Zhang Jialei
Published: July 2024

Although research on the relationship between marriage and subjective well-being (SWB) has been a principal focus in social sciences, research that takes cultural contextual effects into account is scant. Drawing on data from the five-wave 2010–2018 China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) panel survey, we explore how marital status (married or not) affects SWB among 15,507 Chinese adults. Utilizing the two-way fixed-effects (FE) model, we show that under the influence of Confucianism, getting married leads to higher SWB levels in Chinese people. The result is robust to alternative SWB measures. Our heterogeneous analyses indicate that the impact of marriage varies across gender, cultural context, income, and couples’ differences in the level of education. In particular, how Confucianism impacts the relationship between marriage and SWB differs by gender. Structural equation modeling ( N = 13,196) predicts that individual human capital and social capital are mediators in marriage–SWB relationships.
Content and features of Mobile health (mHealth) for mother and child nutrition in the first 1000 days of life (family based intervention): A systematic review
Authors: Silwanah Andi Sani , Suriah Suriah , Jafar Nurhaedar , Areni Intan Sari , Yusuf Rezky Aulia
Published: July 2024

Background: Improving mother and child nutrition during the first 1000 days of life (DoL) is one of the major areas where mHealth has demonstrated great promise. A lot of mHealth is already used in society. However, no study examines the content and features of mobile health. Aim: This study aims to examine the difference in content and features of mHealth intervention for maternal and child nutrition throughout the first 1000 days of life. Thus, new apps can be enhanced. Methods: The online journal databases that offer free papers from Scopus-indexed journals published in 2017–2022 served as the primary sources for the literature included in this study. Several keywords were used in the literature search, which used the databases Google Scholar, Science Direct, and PubMed. A total of 8 articles were included in the literature review. Results: Existing mHealth provides content and features to support and improve the health status of pregnant women, breastfeeding mothers, and children aged 0–24 months. mHealth interventions have the potential to improve maternal and child nutrition health in the first 1000 days of life by providing education, communication, support, data collection and analysis, cultural appropriateness, accessibility, and capacity building for health workers. However, it is crucial to address challenges such as evidence-based design, privacy and security, sustainability, and data management, and to ensure cultural appropriateness and accessibility for all populations. Conclusions: The more complete the content, features, and uses of mHealth, the greater the users’ acceptance.
Hydrogen as an innovative nootropic in health and disease
Authors: Todorović Nikola , Ostojic Sergej M.
Published: July 2024

Molecular hydrogen (H2, dihydrogen) is an antioxidant and signaling molecule with potent antioxidative, antiapoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Despite the growing interest in H2 as a potential therapeutic agent, the evidence regarding its potential as a nootropic remains limited. Only a handful of studies on the human population have evaluated its effects, although there are suggestive indications of its efficacy. The present paper overviews H2's potential as a novel agent for improving cognitive functions in health and disease contexts, highlighting its mechanisms of action and areas for further investigation. Current evidence suggests that H2 improves executive function, alertness and memory in several clinical trials, from healthy young and elderly individuals to individuals with altered circadian rhythms, neurodegenerative disorders, and cancer. Further investigations are needed to confirm the potential positive effects of dihydrogen as a nootropic agent in both health and disease.
Decentring Western Missiology: The Root and Nature of OCMS Research
Authors: Harvey Thomas
Published: July 2024

This article was originally given as a response to Professor Kirsten Kim's keynote address ‘The Future of Mission Studies: Commissiology?’ at the Oxford Centre for Mission Studies (OCMS) 40th Anniversary. The article considers why OCMS's approach mission studies contrasts sharply with the definition of Mission Studies as set out in the Oxford Handbook of Mission Studies in light of OCMS's founders understanding of mission as transformation.
Illness-related partner communication predicts better health, COVID, and social-contextual outcomes amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A longitudinal study of students with concealable chronic health conditions
Authors: Shrout M. Rosie , Buehler Emily M. , Lee Daeun Grace , Renna Megan E.
Published: July 2024

In this longitudinal study of students with concealable chronic health conditions (CCHCs), we applied components of interpersonal disclosure process models to investigate how illness disclosures and perceived partner responsiveness conferred health and social benefits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Students with CCHCs and in relationships completed online surveys at the beginning, middle, and end of the academic year in which they returned to campus amid the COVID-19 pandemic ( nTime1 = 101, nTime2 = 52, nTime3 = 54). Mixed models showed students with greater illness disclosures and perceived partner responsiveness had better physical health, engaged in less health-compromising behaviors, felt less worried and stressed about the COVID-19 pandemic, and experienced lower illness-related stigma, discrimination, and social isolation. Over time, students’ greater illness self-disclosures predicted lower health-compromising behaviors and illness-related discrimination. Notably, perceived partner responsiveness connected greater illness self-disclosures to better health, COVID-related, and social-contextual outcomes. These findings demonstrate the health and social benefits of talking openly about concealable illnesses with partners and, in turn, feeling cared for, validated, and understood amid the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides new evidence on relational pathways to better social and health outcomes among those with heightened health risks.
Romantic relationship initiation and escalation through mobile dating apps: Affordances, modality weaving, and paradoxical beliefs
Authors: Coduto Kathryn D. , Fox Jesse
Published: July 2024

Like online dating sites, mobile dating applications are popular technologies for navigating the dating market, whether for seeking romantic relationships or sexual partners. The searching-matching-interacting (SMI) framework describes mate selection in the dating market and how mediated market intermediaries (e.g., dating apps) can aid these functions. We conducted in-depth interviews ( N = 37) to explore dating app use during relationship initiation and relationship escalation, examining the SMI framework. For searching and matching, perceptions of affordances such as visibility, searchability, and locatability governed participants’ selection and use of apps. Examining the interacting function, our findings provide some of the first empirical support for modality weaving during relationship development. Rather than a simple modality switch from app to face-to-face, participants reported integrating multiple interpersonal and masspersonal channels, including social media, texting, and video. Channel transitions were made based on goals (e.g., relationship escalation, verification, uncertainty reduction) and perceived affordances (e.g., synchronicity, editability, bandwidth, accessibility). Notably, participants’ evaluations of the advantages and disadvantages of dating apps revealed several tensions and paradoxes among beliefs and behaviors. These paradoxes indicate why many users may not satisfy interpersonal goals such as hookups or long-term romantic relationships through mobile dating apps. Our findings support the viability of the SMI framework, and we extend its theorizing for studying relationship initiation and relationship development.
Patient held medical records in public hospitals in Bulawayo
Authors: Madziwa Prince Kudakwashe , Masuku Mehluli
Published: July 2024

The purpose of the study was to examine the use and handling of PHMRs by patients and the clinical staff at public hospitals in the Bulawayo Province. The study employed a qualitative research methodology in which open ended questionnaires were used to collect data. Data were collected from doctors, nurses, records clerks and patients at 2 of the 4 targeted major public hospitals in Bulawayo, giving a total of 150 participants. This study revealed that PHMRs contained vital patient health information such as diagnosis, patient name, and prescribed medications. PHMRs did not have an official uniform structure, and patients used whatever booklets that were affordable to them. In some cases, patients used pieces of paper, although this was not encouraged. PHMRs were considered as legal records that are admissible in courts of law on the basis of them being authenticated by dating, officially stamped and signed by the attending medical practitioner. However, there were cases of unlawful manipulation of PHMRs through editing by patients, and in some cases, documentation incompleteness of the PHMR. The study further found out that the biggest challenge faced in the use of PHMRs was their loss by patients, which negatively impacted health care service delivery. The study recommends that patients be continuously educated about the importance of, and effectively managing their PHMRs for the purposes of continued health care delivery and accessibility. The study further recommended the use of structured hospital-designed booklets that patients can purchase at the hospital. This would avoid the use of any type of book/booklets and pieces of paper. The Ministry of Health and Child Health Care in Zimbabwe needs to consider introducing personalised electronic health records as alternatives to physical PHMRs.
Review of recent research on thermal management of diamond/metal composites
Authors: Shen Jiajie , Zheng Ke , Ma Yong , Xin Yongbing , Wei Yongning , Xie Shihong , Gao Jie , Yu Shengwang , Zhi Jiaqi , Hei Hongjun , Wu Yanxia
Published: July 2024

Diamond/metal composites have attracted much attention due to their excellent thermal conductivity (TC) and low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE). This paper introduces two significant interface modification means which can improve interface bonding between diamond and metal. And the key factors affecting the TC of composite are analysed, making the thermal management of diamond/metal composites more efficient.
Influence of CMT welding parameters on microstructural and properties investigation of dissimilar weld joint for aluminum bronze and carbon steel
Authors: G Mahadevan , Tamilkolundhu Senthilkumar , Josephraj Francis Xavier , N Ramasamy
Published: July 2024

Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) welding technology has improved the appearance of weld beads and revolutionized the welding of thicker materials and dissimilar metals with precise metal deposition and reduced heat input. Cold Metal Transfer welding is predominantly used in a variety of industry applications, including aerospace, shipbuilding, automotive and marine industries. In this study, aluminum bronzes and carbon steel were joined by using CMT welding, a variant of the Gas Metal Arc Welding process, with ERCuAl-A2 as the filler metal. Optical microscopy was used to examine the microstructure of the CMT weld joint between aluminum bronze and carbon steel. Results have indicated that dissimilar metals such as aluminum bronze, and carbon steel could be successfully joined by CMT under various processing parameters. The tensile and bending strengths of the dissimilar joint were 490 MPa and 822 MPa, respectively. A variety of intermetallic compounds and solid solutions were generated in the weld zone and fusion zone. The micro-hardness in the carbon steel side of the fusion zones increased sharply, which was 164 HV in the welded condition. The dissimilar joint was stronger than the carbon steel, as the ductile fracture occurred on the carbon steel during the transverse tensile test of the welded specimen. The microstructure interpretation of welded dissimilar joints was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy.
Co-Occurring Disorders and Engagement in Behavioral Health Treatment Among Justice-Involved Adolescents
Authors: Bammel Alexandra C. , Johnson Kimberly A. , Peters Roger H. , Nunez Narina L.
Published: July 2024

Our study examined co-occurring substance use and major depressive disorders among justice-involved adolescents to inform behavioral health services planning within U.S. criminal justice systems. We used data from the 2015–2017 administrations of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH), an annual survey of non-institutionalized U.S. individuals aged 12 and older, to yield a national sample of 41,579 adolescents. Rates of co-occurring disorders were 4.5 times higher among justice-involved adolescents than non-justice-involved adolescents, with 6.3% of justice-involved adolescents meeting criteria for co-occurring disorders in the past year compared to 1.2% of non-justice-involved adolescents. Justice involvement was associated with greater substance use treatment but not mental health treatment. High rates of co-occurring disorders among justice-involved adolescents suggest the criminal justice system to be a unique opportunity for treatment engagement. The integrated mental health and substance use treatment needs of justice-involved adolescents with co-occurring disorders should be prioritized.
Cone-beam computed tomography imaging and three-dimensional analysis of midfoot joints during non-weightbearing and weightbearing in 11 healthy feet
Authors: Kettunen Jarkko , Partio Nikke , Salo Jari , Yli-Kyyny Tero , Kiekara Tommi , Mattila Ville M , Haapasalo Heidi
Published: July 2024

Background

Studies report that Lisfranc injury is more common than thought. Several imaging methods for assessing the stability of Lisfranc injury have been described but many are impossible to standardize and not accurate enough.

Purpose

To present a three-dimensional (3D) method for analyzing the changes in the joint space width of the midfoot joint and the joints of the medial part of the Lisfranc complex in healthy individuals.

Material and Methods

Non-weightbearing and weightbearing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 11 healthy feet were acquired and analyzed with 3D software. The mean range of joint space width changes of each joint was computed from the changes in individual image pairs.

Results

3D analysis software was used to analyze the medial part of the Lisfranc complex. In this sample of healthy feet, the changes in the joint spaces in the medial part of Lisfranc complex, calculated with 3D analysis software, was less than 0.6 mm. The distance between bones increased or decreased, depending on which part of the joint surface the measurements were taken.

Conclusion

In this study, we present a 3D analysis method to evaluate midfoot joint space width changes. Our analysis revealed that in healthy feet there are only minimal changes in the joint space width between weightbearing and non-weightbearing indicating minimal movement of the midtarsal joints. The 3D analysis of weightbearing CBCT data provides a promising tool for analyzing the small midfoot joints in a variety of conditions.
Prediction of postoperative residual primary ovarian neoplasm or metastatic lesion close to rectum of serous ovarian carcinoma based on clinical and MR T1-DEI features
Authors: Zhang Wenfei , Li Juncai , Chen Qiao , Jin Hongliang , Zhou Linyi , Liu Li
Published: July 2024

Background

The optimal primary debulking surgery outcome of serous ovarian carcinoma (SOC) is greatly affected by primary ovarian neoplasm or metastatic lesion close to the rectum.

Purpose

To study the risk factors affecting postoperative residual primary ovarian neoplasm or metastatic lesion close to the rectum of SOC.

Material and Methods

The clinical and MRI data of 164 patients with SOC eligible from institution A (training and test groups) and 36 patients with SOC eligible from institution B (external validation group) were collected and retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data included age, serum carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA-125), human epididymis protein 4, and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data included ovarian mass distribution, maximum diameter of ovarian mass, ovarian mass features, degree of rectal invasion of the primary ovarian neoplasm or metastatic lesion, and amount of ascites. A model was established using multivariate logistic regression.

Results

By univariate and multivariate logistic regressions, CA-125 ( P = 0.024, odds ratio [OR] = 3.798, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.24–13.32), NLR ( P = 0.037, OR = 3.543, 95% CI = 1.13–12.72), and degree of rectal invasion of the primary ovarian neoplasm or metastatic lesion ( P < 0.001, OR = 37.723, 95% CI = 7.46–266.88) were screened as independent predictors. The area under the curve values of the model in the training, test, and external validation groups were 0.860, 0.764, and 0.778, respectively.

Conclusion

The clinical-radiological model based on T1-weighted dual-echo MRI can be used non-invasively to predict postoperative residual ovarian neoplasm or metastasis close to SOC in the rectum.
The predominant insertion of the ischiofemoral ligament is a merging to the iliofemoral ligament as demonstrated on magnetic resonance arthrogram studies
Authors: Hatem Munif , Badejo Megan , McCarroll Michael , Feng Richard , Martin Hal David
Published: July 2024

Background

The capsular ligaments at the hip joint work in synchrony with the acetabulum and femoral head for articular stability. There is a lack of understanding about ischiofemoral ligament (ISFL) anatomy and function.

Purpose

To assess the insertion of the ISFL in non-arthritic adult hips.

Material and Methods

A retrospective analysis was performed in 72 patients who underwent magnetic resonance arthrogram (MRA) for the assessment of hip pain. The distribution of the ISFL components, the thickness, and the insertion site were assessed by concomitantly using the axial oblique, coronal, and sagittal MRA images.

Results

Two insertions of the ISFL anterior to the center of the femoral head were identified in 71 (99%) hips: (i) predominant anterior merging with the iliofemoral ligament as continuation of zona orbicularis, observed in all hips; and (ii) anterolateral junction of femoral neck and greater trochanter. Two ISFL parts (proximal and distal) were identified in 70 (97%) of the 72 studied hips. The proximal part was always thinner (mean 2.6 ± 0.7 mm) and originated from the ischium at the acetabular rim. The distal part was a continuation of the zona orbicularis, and the mean thickness was 6.7 ± 1.6 mm. Both parts merged as they coursed over the superior portion of the femoral head.

Conclusion

The predominant insertion of the ischiofemoral ligament is a merging to the iliofemoral ligament anteriorly. Surgical procedures such as hip arthroscopy involving the ISFL will affect the function of the iliofemoral ligament, and vice versa.
Effect of the asymmetric flow behaviour of molten steel on solidified shell in slab continuous casting mould
Authors: Li Kun , Li Xinhua , Li Shanhong , Kong Lingzhong , Yang Jie , Zang Ximin
Published: July 2024

The flow behaviour of molten steel in the mould has an important influence on the solidification quality of the slab. A three-dimensional transient mould model has been developed to describe the effect of the asymmetric flow behaviour of molten steel on solidified shells in the mould. The causes of the asymmetric behaviour of molten steel in the mould were discussed, and the interaction between deviation flow and solidified shell was analysed. The results show that the asymmetric distribution of the flow field is caused by the difference in flow rate at the outlets on both sides of the nozzle and the irregular interaction between the molten steel and the complex nozzle geometry. The level fluctuation is correlated with the deviation flow of the molten steel on the opposite side. The velocity variation trend of the two models is similar, but the fluctuation amplitude of the velocity on both sides of the nozzle in the non-solidification model is more drastic. The conversion period of the deviation flow in the solidification model is longer than that in the non-solidification model. Moreover, the velocity and angle of incident and return flow on both sides are different due to the deviation flow, which mainly affects the solidification of the shell at and below the impact point of the molten steel. The deviation flow will strengthen the impact of the main stream on the shell, resulting in a significant decrease in the thickness at the impact point, while the thickness of the shell below the impact point fluctuates greatly.
The method of reducing energy consumption in large blast furnace smelting by low-silicon smelting
Authors: Liu Qiyuan , Chen Qinglin , Zhang Nan , Yan Rukang , Chu Jian , Sun Hongjun , Dai Bing
Published: July 2024

Currently, achieving carbon peaking and neutrality poses significant challenges for China's iron and steel industry. Low-carbon smelting in large blast furnaces (BFs) is poised to be a pivotal element in attaining the “double carbon” goal. This study, grounded in the fundamental process theory of blast furnace ironmaking, employs data analysis to investigate production technology across 25 large blast furnaces in China exceeding 4000 m3 in 2021. It specifically examines the correlation between pig iron silicon content and fuel consumption, elucidating strategies and techniques for low-silicon smelting. By exemplifying the reduction of silicon content in a 5050 m3 blast furnace of a Chinese enterprise, the study systematically delineates the low-silicon smelting process, including specific parameters and standards concerning fuel consumption, raw material conditions, and operational systems. The findings demonstrate that a reduction of 0.1% in pig iron silicon content can decrease carbonaceous fuel consumption by at least 5 kg/t. Given current raw material conditions and equipment levels, it is feasible to reduce the silicon content of iron in large-scale blast furnaces exceeding 4000 m3 in China to 0.3%.
Creating elite encounters: The ‘campaign’ as approach for interviewing corporate elites
Authors: Teixeira Tiago , Bridge Gavin
Published: July 2024

Qualitative research in economic geography recognizes the value of accessing business elite perspectives, yet identifying, approaching and interviewing elites present researchers with a set of challenges. Both practical and ethical, these challenges can be particularly acute for research involving ‘contentious’ firms and sectors – those facing increased societal scrutiny due to histories of labour exploitation, bribery and pollution and where there are often strong asymmetries in social power. This paper proposes a systematic approach for managing these challenges and successfully conducting interviews with business elites that we term an interview ‘campaign’. We propose the interview campaign as a strategic, organized and nimble approach designed to achieve a specific goal – an elite encounter. We show how instrumentalism and strategic ambiguity are central to the campaign, and how both can be harnessed to navigate an environment characterized by uncertainty, serendipity and structured relations of power. Our ‘campaign approach’ systematically breaks down a complex process into manageable parts without losing sight of the whole, via clear goals, strategic planning and critical reflection. The need for evidence-based research on corporate strategic action in relation to a wide range of contemporary economic phenomena suggests the campaign approach may have value across many areas of economic geography, business studies and beyond. The paper draws upon established social science literatures on elite interviewing and political campaigning, and on our own experience conducting interviews with senior executives in the oil and gas industry.
The firm as a geoeconomic actor
Authors: Lim Kean Fan
Published: July 2024

Cutting-edge research on geoeconomics has under-explored one core constituent – the firm. Presenting two empirical ‘snapshots’ from different historical-geographical conjunctures, this essay spotlights the continuities that underpin firms’ function as geoeconomic actors. The first conjuncture is the expansion of British geoeconomic influence through the East India Company. The US government’s ongoing attempt to curtail attempts by China-based firms to develop high performance semiconductor chips comprises the second conjuncture. While each snapshot is distinct, the logics from the first conjuncture can be utilised for understanding how firms’ operating logics impact on state-driven geoeconomic strategies during the second conjuncture. These snapshots collectively demonstrate how the evolution of transnational economic integration has been underpinned by proactive firm attempts at expanding foreign operations. The effects of these attempts on states’ geoeconomic objectives will subsequently trigger positive or negative interventions by state actors. A new ‘critical geoeconomics’ agenda must therefore consider how firms constitute and/or constrain geoeconomic influence.
Application of DPC to improve the integration of DFIG into wind energy conversion systems using FOPI controller
Authors: Mosaad Mohamed I
Published: July 2024

While the direct power control (DPC) approach has proven effective in improving the efficiency of wind energy conversion systems (WECS) using doubly fed induction generators (DFIG), its applicability is currently confined to a single usage and has not been extended to meet numerous applications. This work aimed to modify the implementation of DPC in WECS-DFIG for several objectives. This is accomplished by updating the reference power of the conventional DPC method into an adapted one to achieve two goals independently. The first objective is to track the maximum power during wind speed variations. This tracking is performed by updating the reference power to match the maximum available power at the current wind speed. The second purpose is to ensure that the WECS remains connected to the grid and continues to operate smoothly even in the event of faults; supporting fault-ride through (FRT) capability. That is achieved by reducing the reference power during these faults. The discrimination between these two objectives is based on the voltage level at the point of connecting WECS to the grid. The controller provided is an improved fractional order PI controller developed using arithmetic optimization technique (AOA). A comparison between the AOA and cuckoo search is presented. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the suggested configuration and regulator in enhancing the performance of integrating DFIG into the WECS in the presence of wind fluctuations and short circuit faults occurring. It is worth noting that AOA is better than cuckoo search in fine-tuning the settings of the FOPI controller.
Mechanistic Pavement Modeling of Typical Brazilian Pavements: Cohesive Zone Fracture Modeling and Continuum Damage Modeling
Authors: Kommidi Santosh Reddy , Rocha Marcos Lamha , Kim Yong-Rak , Aragão Francisco Thiago Sacramento , Nascimento Luis Alberto Herrmann do
Published: July 2024

Pavement performance evaluation with respect to fatigue cracking has seen a major shift toward more rigorous mechanistic models that can capture the complex damage response of the mixtures more accurately. This study utilized two mechanistic methods (cohesive zone [CZ]-based fracture modeling and continuum damage [CD] modeling) to study the cracking behavior of asphalt mixtures and subsequently predict the damage-associated performance of pavements. A Superpave mixture designed for Brazilian highway conditions was selected to evaluate the two modeling approaches for the performance of the mixture when utilized as a surface course within typical Brazilian highway pavements. The mixture was first evaluated for its linear viscoelastic properties, and then the damage characteristics of the mixture were obtained through two different experiments: the semi-circular bending (SCB) beam test and the cyclic fatigue (CF) test. The SCB tests performed at different loading rates were used to obtain the model parameters of the nonlinear viscoelastic CZ model with a Gaussian damage evolution criterion, while the CF tests were performed at different strain amplitudes, and the mixture-specific damage characteristic curve and the fatigue failure criterion were obtained using the simplified-viscoelastic continuum damage model. From a design perspective, three pavement structures that varied in geometry (pavement layer thickness) and underlying layer properties were selected while retaining the same asphalt mixture. The three pavement scenarios were evaluated for the fatigue cracking performance from each of the mechanistic modeling methods. The results indicate that both methods rank the performance of the pavement structures in a similar manner, while the damage initiation and progression were seen to be different because of the different mechanics in modeling cracks.
Contribution of Network Redundancy to Reducing Criticality of Road Links
Authors: Allen Eduardo , Costello Seosamh B. , Henning Theunis F.
Published: July 2024

Road networks are frequently disrupted by natural hazard events, producing severe consequences for isolated communities as well as increased travel times and significant reconstruction costs. Therefore, identifying which critical links need investment to reduce network impacts has become a priority for road agencies. Road network redundancy contributes to reducing these potential consequences by providing viable alternative routes. Although several metrics have been proposed in the literature to evaluate road criticality, including those based on topological variables and transportation cost increases, a comparison of the contribution of redundancy to reducing expected consequences has not been undertaken using a range of different metrics. This paper proposes a methodology to evaluate road criticality under different metrics and to quantify the contribution of redundancy in reducing expected impacts using the “full scan” method and Monte Carlo simulation. This methodology is then applied to a case study of New Zealand’s South Island to quantify the contribution of secondary and tertiary inter-urban roads to overall network redundancy, and to determine the most critical links under different approaches. The results obtained from the case study demonstrate that the redundancy level provided by secondary and tertiary inter-urban roads, over and above the state highway network, decreases expected transportation cost increases by 94.93% on average, and improves topological metrics, such as network betweenness values, by 73% on average when the road network is disrupted. The proposed methodology has the potential to help decision makers quantify and, therefore, prioritize investments to reduce the consequences of network disruptions.
A periodic micromechanical model for the rate- and temperature-dependent behavior of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced PVDF
Authors: Lenders Tom , Remmers Joris JC , Pini Tommaso , Veenstra Peter , Govaert Leon E , Geers Marc GD
Published: July 2024

The rate- and temperature-dependent mechanical behavior of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) is investigated through uniaxial tension and compression experiments under various off-axis loading conditions. To improve the understanding of the behavior of the composite, a 3D micromechanical model is developed. Microscopic analyses are used to characterize the geometrical properties of the UD composite at the fiber length-scale. These properties are used to construct a periodic 3D representative volume element (RVE). In combination with periodic boundary conditions, uniaxial macroscopic deformation (in any possible direction) is applied to the RVE to accurately and efficiently model off-axis loading. The rate- and temperature-dependent behavior of the PVDF matrix is accurately described using an elasto-viscoplastic constitutive model. The finite element simulations of uniaxial tension and compression tests are compared to the experimental data and the micromechanical response is analyzed. The micromechanical model accurately describes the rate-dependent macroscopic behavior of unidirectional carbon fiber-reinforced PVDF for various off-axis loading directions at different temperatures. Analysis of the local matrix response in the RVE reveals the influence of the matrix on the macroscopic behavior of the composite.
Tensile behavior of fiber metal laminates with multiple holes at different temperature conditions
Authors: Fang Yuting , Sheng Dongfa , Lin Zhongzhao , Fei Peng
Published: July 2024

In this paper, the tensile properties of fiber metal laminates (FMLs) at 25°C ∼ 180°C temperature conditions and different hole arrangements are researched mainly by means of experiments, theoretical model, and numerical simulation. The stress–strain curves of FMLs are obtained by extensive tensile tests and are analyzed and compared. The fracture morphology of the specimens under different temperature conditions is observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Finally, a progressive damage model on the basis of the subroutine Abaqus-VUMAT is developed to analyze the damage evolution process and failure mode of FMLs. Combined with the numerical simulation results, the damage evolution process, equivalent plastic strain, and interlaminar damage of FMLs under different hole arrangements are investigated and found to be in good agreement. The phenomena such as tough nest fracture, matrix fragmentation, fiber debonding, and fiber pullout at different temperatures are observed and analyzed by SEM. The failure modes of FMLs with multiple holes at different temperatures are discussed in this paper, which provides a solution for the application of FMLs in practical engineering.
Cultivating a psychological health and safety culture for interprofessional primary care teams through a co-created evidence-informed toolkit
Authors: Atanackovic Jelena , Corrente Melissa , Myles Sophia , Eddine Ben-Ahmed Houssem , Urdaneta Karina , Tello Kamlesh , Baczkowska Magdalena , Bourgeault Ivy L.
Published: July 2024

The psychological health and safety of healthcare workers workplaces and learning environments impacts the quality of healthcare services. To facilitate the psychological health and safety of interprofessional primary care teams, we curated a bilingual toolkit of 122 psychological health and safety resources comprising a multi-level categorization addressing individual, team, organization, and system-level interventions. The resources in the toolkit are organized by 7 themes, based on a clustering of the 15 psychosocial factors. Adopting the framework built on the 7 themes, this article describes the toolkit development process and how it addresses the key factors for psychologically healthy and safe workplaces to foster interprofessional collaboration. Implementation of the interventions in the toolkit is an important next step for which health system leadership is critical. Additionally, we identify several gaps and call on researchers, educators, and health leaders to address them in their future work.
The repair of navy ships in Cartagena de Indies in the mid seventeenth century: The case of the Santiago and her loss in the Caribbean
Authors: Moya Sordo Vera , Carrillo Márquez Laura R. , López Martín Sergio José
Published: July 2024

The Santiago was a galleon of the Armada de la Guarda de las Indias that travelled in convoy with the Tierra Firme fleet in 1658 and was lost in Chinchorro Bank, Mexico, during her returning voyage to Spain. The study of her last repairs carried out in Cartagena de Indias brings the opportunity to understand the infrastructure of the port and its capabilities to face one of the main problems of the Carrera de Indias: the harsh conditions of the transatlantic voyage and the structural deficiencies of some of the Armada ships to accomplish their objectives of defence. Based on historical sources in Spanish and Mexican archives, the authors reconstruct the Santiago’s final repairs in that port, the resources available, and the level of reliance on local society to obtain the materials and labour force needed. This research will help to advance the archaeological identification of her remains among the shipwrecks registered in Chinchorro.
Breast Arterial Calcifications on Mammography: Awareness and Reporting Preferences Amongst Referring Physicians in Canada
Authors: Zaki-Metias Kaitlin M. , McKee Hayley , Applewhaite Christopher , Davis Margot K. , Keyes Mira , LeVasseur Nathalie , Nguyen Elsie T. , Seely Jean M. , Yong-Hing Charlotte J.
Published: July 2024

Purpose: Breast arterial calcifications (BAC) on mammography have been correlated with increased cardiovascular risk. The Canadian Society of Breast Imaging released a position statement on BAC reporting in January 2023. This study evaluates the awareness of the clinical significance of BAC and reporting preferences of referring physicians in Canada. Methods: A 15-question survey was distributed to Canadian physicians who may review mammography results via regional and subspecialty associations and on social media following local institutional ethical approval. Responses were collected over 10 weeks from February to April 2023. Results: Seventy-two complete responses were obtained. We are unable to determine the response rate, given the means of distribution. Only 17% (12/72) of responding physicians were previously aware of the association between BAC and increased cardiovascular risk, and 51% (37/72) preferred the inclusion of BAC in the mammography report. Fifty-six percent (40/72) indicated that BAC reporting would prompt further investigation, and 63% (45/72) would inform patients that their mammogram showed evidence of BAC. Sixty-nine percent (50/72) would find grading of BAC beneficial and 71% (51/72) agreed that there is a need for national guidelines. Conclusion: Less than a quarter of responding Canadian referring physicians were previously aware of the association between BAC and cardiovascular risk, although half of respondents indicated a preference for BAC reporting on mammography. Most participating physicians would inform their patients of the presence of BAC and consider further cardiovascular risk management. There was consensus that a national BAC grading system and clinical management guidelines would be beneficial.
Impact of Race in Missed Appointments in Pediatric Neurology Resident Clinic at a Large Tertiary Medical Center
Authors: Albor Lauren C. , Horn Paul S. , Venkatesan Charu , Ritter David M.
Published: July 2024

Missed medical appointments are a common problem across specialties. The discontinuity of care leads to unplanned health care utilization, increased costs, and poor health outcomes. Previous studies evaluating pediatric epilepsy have shown significant socioeconomic barriers to care. In several specialties, resident clinic no-show rates are higher than faculty clinics because of socioeconomic barriers. We sought to understand the relationship between race, socioeconomic factors, and missed appointments in a pediatric neurology resident clinic at a large tertiary care hospital. Resident clinic encounters for 1 year were extracted and analyzed for missed appointments, socioeconomic factors, and health care utilization. We found that missed appointments occur for 1 in 5 patients and correlate with socioeconomic factors (eg, income and insurance) and race. Race was a more significant factor than socioeconomic factors for missed appointments. These results provide areas to target and track interventions to improve health outcomes in children in pediatric neurology clinics.