bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atividade antioxidante e correlação com fenólicos totais em genótipos de Urucum (Bixa orellana L.)
Authors: Lemos Alana Rocha , Rêgo Júnior Newton Oliveira , São José Abel Rebouças , Pereira Mara Lúcia Albuquerque , Silva Marcondes Viana da
Published: November 2023

O estudo objetivou quantificar os fenóis totais em cinco genótipos de Bixa orellana (Piave vermelha, Piave vermelha gigante, CPATU 0060, Bico-de-pato I e Peruana Paulista). Os extratos foram obtidos em etanol PA e solução hidroetanólica (80:20,v.v-1), sendo os resultados obtidos comparados a dois antioxidantes sintéticos, butil-hidroxitolueno (BHT) e ácido gálico (GAE). Os teores de fenólicos totais dos genótipos analisados apresentaram valores médios de 776,02 a 1.498,48 mg GAE.100 g-1 de amostra (peso seco) e 297,08 a 450,97 mg GAE.100 g-1, para os extratos hidroetanólicos e etanólicos, respectivamente. A medida da atividade antioxidante para os extratos hidroetanólicos variou entre 48,31% e 70,10%. Valores inferiores foram obtidos para atividade antioxidante dos extratos etanólicos (18,91% a 35,26%). Os resultados evidenciaram que o genótipo CPATU 0060 apresentou teores de fenólicos totais e atividade antioxidante superiores aos demais genótipos analisados. Foi observada baixa correlação entre as variáveis de fenóis totais e atividade antioxidante para os extratos hidroetanólicos (R= -0,5328) e etanólicos (R= 0,4115). Considerando a ampla aplicação do urucum na indústria de alimentos e farmacêutica, os resultados sugerem que seus grãos podem ser considerados uma fonte potencial de antioxidante natural.
Legal Framework of Bulgarian Trade Agencies and Consulates (1891 – 1918)
Authors: Strezova Aleka
Published: November 2023

The article examines the legal regulation of the service in the Bulgarian trade agencies/consulates for the period from 1891 to 1918. The attempts at bilateral negotiations on the subject with the Ottoman Empire are examined, the two normative acts fixing the rights and duties of the consular representatives are highlighted: the Regulations for the Organization of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1897) and the Law on the Structure and Service of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (1907). A detailed structure of the royal consulates can also be traced in the state budgets, where staffing and assignments are detailed. The departmental legislation set the framework for a modern consular service on a par with other European countries.
The East-West Procedural Conflict over the 1946 Paris Peace Conference
Authors: Kamenski Stefan
Published: November 2023

The article presents the procedure for the conclusion of peace treaties with the five former satellites of Nazi Germany after the end of the Second World War. The paper uses the methodology of the historical and legal analysis. The focus is on the accessible State Department archives for the Potsdam Conference of the Big Three, the first session of the Council of Foreign Ministers in London, and the December 1945 conference of the Foreign Ministers of the USSR, the United States, and the United Kingdom in Moscow. The negotiations between the three Great Powers leading to the decision to hold the Paris Peace Conference in 1946 are examined. Conclusions are made about how the USA, the United Kingdom and the USSR did not spare efforts to maintain complete control over the process without allowing other powers to interfere.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEARNING METHODS AND LEARNING INTEREST ON IPS LEARNING OUTCOMES CLASS VI STUDENTS OF STATE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL 053993 LUBUK KERTANG
Authors: Tanjung Siti Salamah , Husein Rahmad , Suratinah Suratinah
Published: November 2023

This study aims to: (1) analyze the differences in students' social studies learning outcomes taught using the PAIKEM method compared to the Picture and Picture method; (2) Analyzing the differences in social studies learning outcomes of students who have high interest in learning compared to students who have low interest in learning; (3) Knowing the interaction between learning methods and students' interest in learning in influencing students' social studies learning outcomes. The sample in this study were 40 students of the State Elementary School Class 053993 Lubuk Kertang in the 2017/2018 academic year. Collecting data in this study through a questionnaire of interest in learning and social studies learning outcomes test. Hypothesis testing is done by using the Two Way Anova test. The results showed that: (1) Social studies learning outcomes of students taught by the PAIKEM method were higher than those of the Picture and Picture method (Fcount = 15,681 and sig. 0.000 > 0.05); (2) Social studies learning outcomes of students who have high interest in learning are higher than students who have low interest in learning (Fcount = 4.395 and sig. 0.043 > 0.05); and (3) There is an interaction between learning methods and interest in learning in influencing students' social studies learning outcomes (Fcount = 7.696 and sig. 0.009 > 0.05).
Estratégias para promover maior adesão ao exame Preventivo do Câncer de Colo do Útero (PCCU) em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde na região da transamazônica: um relato de experiência
Authors: Lima de lucena Gabriele , de Souza Ribeiro Adriana , Victor Oliveira Monteiro André , Vinícius Soares da Silva Caio , Ellen Pereira Costa Grace , da Silva Bezerra Kennedy , Henrique Ferreira Cardoso Leandro , Cecília Lima Coelho Aldine
Published: November 2023

INTRODUÇÃO: O Câncer do Colo do Útero (CCU) é uma afecção lenta resultante da indiferenciação das células do epitélio uterino, em grande parte causada pela infecção do Papilomavírus Humano (HPV). O exame Preventivo do Câncer de Colo do Útero (PCCU) é a principal forma de detecção precoce ou em curso, para a neoplasia. Entretanto, uma série de fatores tornaram-se empecilhos para sua realização nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBS), a exemplo a baixa procura, que acontece em decorrência da ausência de informações a respeito da importância da realização periódica do PCCU e da gratuidade do mesmo. Esse estudo traz o relato de experiência de acadêmicos de medicina na criação de metodologias para fortalecer as medidas de prevenção do CCU na região da transamazônica.
RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA: Durante as práticas na UBS assistida, os discentes do 4º semestre do curso de medicina da XXX identificaram a necessidade de promover ações intervencionistas no que tange a saúde da mulher, em especial na realização do PCCU, dentre as estratégias de intervenção foi elaborada uma carteirinha que auxiliasse no combate ao CCU através da execução do procedimento no período de aprazamento ideal para o rastreamento.
DISCUSSÃO: A “Carteirinha Compromisso Contra o Câncer do Colo de Útero (CCU)”, contém informações para o monitoramento e o aconselhamento contra o CCU, com objetivo de diminuir o quantitativo de mulheres acometidas e gerar um vínculo maior entre usuária e equipe de saúde, o que favorece a corresponsabilidade em saúde e atendimento integral e equitativo.
CONCLUSÃO: Em suma, a elaboração da carteirinha se mostrou benéfica para o serviço de saúde da região, dentro da sua realidade, auxiliando os profissionais de saúde nos atendimentos. Tendo os objetivos alcançados por trabalhar em prol da comunidade minimizando as mortes pelo CCU, através da prevenção e promoção da saúde.
Optimization Model of Heliostat Field Layout based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Bu Zhenhao , Wu Chengshuo , Li Huining
Published: November 2023

In this paper, starting from the relevant data of the heliostat field, we firstly built an accurate computational model and established a 3D coordinate system with the tower as the origin, and visualized the data through Matplotlib to present the results clearly. Finally, we constructed a reliable mathematical geometric model and explored how to optimize the heliostat field by a genetic algorithm: maximizing the output power per unit area with the annual power already determined.
Attitude Control of Quadrotor UAV Using Improved Active Disturbance Rejection Control
Authors: Li Yinian , Tan Gongquan
Published: November 2023

The quadrotor UAV has complex aerodynamics, unstable altitude, and easy to be disturbed by internal and external uncertainties during flight, so good attitude control becomes a challenge, this paper improves the active disturbance rejection controller to improve the system's anti-jamming ability and response speed in response to the above problems. Firstly, a quadrotor UAV dynamics model is established; then the Ifal function is constructed, which solves the problems that the inflection point of the fal function is not smooth, which is easy to cause the system jitter and the system gain is large when the error is large, and finally the performance is verified by using MATLAB/Simulink simulation software. The simulation results show that the constructed Ifal function is smoother and has better convergence, and compared with the traditional active disturbance rejection control, the improved active disturbance rejection control system has faster response speed, stronger anti-jamming ability and robustness in the attitude control of quadrotor UAV.
Research status and prospect of electrode materials for lithium-ion battery
Authors: He Hao , Huang Jingjing , Wang Jiarui , Xu Xin
Published: November 2023

The lithium-ion battery has become one of the most widely used green energy sources, and the materials used in its electrodes have become a research hotspot. There are many different types of electrode materials, and negative electrode materials have developed to a higher level of perfection and maturity than positive electrode materials. Enhancing the electrochemical capabilities of positive electrode materials is therefore crucial. In addition to exploring and choosing the preparation or modification methods of various materials, this study describes the positive and negative electrode materials of lithium-ion batteries. Among the negative electrode materials, Li4Ti5O12 is beneficial to maintain the stability of the battery structure, and the chemical vapor deposition method is the best way to prepare nitrogen-doped graphene materials. Doping and coating modifications for positive electrode materials can offer a smoother mobile route for lithium ions, which can enhance the cathode materials cycling performance. This papers study, summary, and outlook on electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries can aid those researchers in developing a more thorough understanding of electrode materials. Also, it can be advantageous for the growth of associated follow-up research projects and the expansion of the lithium battery market.
High-value recycling and biodegradation of polyolefin materials
Authors: Peng Wenhao
Published: November 2023

The pollution of plastic materials has seriously affected global environmental problems. Polyolefin materials are widely used as raw materials for plastics. This is due to their practical physical properties and low cost. However, there are major challenges in the disposal of waste polyolefin materials. Recycling and degradation have emerged as the two main approaches for the treatment of plastic waste today. Through a comprehensive literature analysis and review of methods, this paper provides an in-depth study of recycling and biodegradation of polyolefin materials. The study is based on a detailed search of several papers through Google Scholar in order to provide valuable insights into the different methods that are used for the recycling and biodegradation of polyolefins. The review summarizes the most effective technologies for recycling and biodegradation, while highlighting recent advances and future directions in the field. In particular, the research has focused on two main approaches: closed-loop recycling and chemical recovery. The latter technology is aimed at non-polluting biodegradation, which has become an increasingly important topic of interest for the scientific community. Given the urgency of the environmental challenges posed by polyolefins, the development of efficient and sustainable recycling and degradation methods is essential to create a circular economy and ensure a sustainable future.
Non-destructive evaluation (NDE) methods used for condition assessment of concrete structures
Authors: Ji Shouheng
Published: November 2023

As an integral part of the construction industry, concrete is an important part of the building materials industry, as well as an important material for infrastructure and engineering construction projects. It is widely used in various industries. In recent years, with the improvement of the quality awareness of the whole people, the engineering quality inspection has also received more attention. The previous concrete quality inspection methods have different degrees of damage to the original structure. This paper focuses on the state of concrete structure and its detection method, and introduces the EDN technology. At the same time, through comparison, practical experiment, theoretical research and other research methods to describe EDN technology. Based on the research results, it is concluded that ECN technology can provide a more comprehensive concrete quality report, which is beneficial to the maintenance, repair and restoration of Bridges and old buildings, and help engineers use.
Application and development prospects of nanomaterials in multiple fields
Authors: Zhang Ruiyang
Published: November 2023

Nanomaterials have unique structures and characteristics that allow them to exhibit far superior or new properties in many aspects than conventional materials. With the continuous progress in materials science research, the manufacturing and processing technologies of nanomaterials have also been fully developed in recent years. Nanomaterials of different types, structures, and compositions have been applied in many fields, such as construction, energy, environmental protection, and electronics, providing new ideas for solving many problems. In this paper, we first review the basic definition and properties of nanomaterials, then analyze and discuss the cases of nanomaterials already in use or promising design solutions in medicine, solar energy and textiles. This paper also summarize their advantages and manufacturing difficulties. All of these areas have mature nanomaterial products in use, and they provide ideas for further research and development in the future.
The modern preparation of menthol and the burgeoning dual catalyst system - The three different synthesis pathways and one significant improvement of menthol
Authors: Chen Yuxin
Published: November 2023

This paper will mainly focus on the modern preparation pathway of menthol, which involves Takasago and BASF, these two traditional pathways. Besides, the unique dual catalyst system will also be talked about in this work. This paper will give the introduction of them, their advantages and disadvantages, moreover, their actual application will also be brought to notice. Menthol is a salient chemical substance that plays an important role in perfume manufacture, and it is actually the source of the special and pleasant smell of many herbs, especially mint. In addition, menthol is also a fundamental raw material in many parts of chemical synthesis due to its unique structure. This research can give summative conclusions about this basic but noteworthy domain.
Thermodynamic model of hydrogen-based fuel cell
Authors: Wu Wenxuan , Zhou Yiqu , Wang Qiyue
Published: November 2023

The contemporary scholarly treatise expatiates on a lofty and refined mathematical schema of a Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cell seamlessly integrated into the Matlab Simulink milieu. The central aim of this model is to transcend the short descriptions of fuel cell functioning using parameters that denote certain physical connotations in an all-embracing manner. With minimal computational overhead, it could be extended to simulate an entire stack of fuel cells within the purview of an energetic system. The performance of each cell and its response to variations in pressure, temperature, humidity, and partial pressure of reactants are scrutinized with the utmost care, and the paramountcy of membrane hydration is exposed.
Application of carbon nanotechnology in conductive composites
Authors: Jing Chuyue , Li Tianhao , Su Hanyihong
Published: November 2023

Conductive composites play a significant role in today's world. Conductive composites made of composite conductive polymers are improved by adding conductive materials. Carbon nanomaterials have stable chemical properties, light weight and good conductive properties, so that they can be used as excellent fillers of conductive composites. In this paper, the principle and application of conductive composites in the practical scientific field are reviewed. Graphene, CNTs, activated carbon, carbon aerogel and their preparation methods in carbon materials are introduced, and their structures, advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The application of carbon nanomaterials in conductive composites is discussed. It is found that carbon materials can significantly change the conductive and mechanical properties of conductive composites, and the performance of conductive composites can be improved. Finally, the shortcomings and prospects of the application of carbon materials in conductive composites are analyzed.
Application of carbon nanotube composite materials in aviation
Authors: Ran Ziyi
Published: November 2023

Carbon nanotube has unique structure, excellent performance, unique one-dimensional hollow structure, and extremely low density. These advantages determine that carbon nanotube has mechanical properties, electrical properties, and adsorption properties that other materials cannot match. Carbon nanotube, as one of the popular research projects of scientists in the world today, has very broad and attractive application prospects in the fields of semiconductor devices, hydrogen storage, sensors, adsorption materials, battery electrodes, catalyst carriers, etc. The field of science and technology also shows great application prospects. Combined with the urgent needs of aircraft in light and high-strength structures, lightweight cables and efficient thermal control, the carbon nanotube is considered to be the booster of the next generation of aerospace and is expected to become an important pillar in the future of aviation. This paper comprehensively analyzes the application of carbon nanotubes in aircraft wheels, aircraft engine blades, aircraft avionics systems and electromechanical system displays and looks forward to its application prospects and feasibility in the aviation field. Developments in aviation present challenges and opportunities.
A deep dive into SiC and GaN power devices: Advances and prospects
Authors: Shi Junyu
Published: November 2023

The development of GaN and SiC devices has been the subject of intensive research in recent years, and significant progress has been made in terms of device performance, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. However, there are still challenges to be overcome before these materials can become mainstream in power electronics. This review paper compares the properties and performance of SiC and GaN power devices, which are both wide-bandgap semiconductors that offer superior performance compared to traditional silicon-based devices. The paper discusses the material properties of SiC and GaN, including their bandgaps, thermal conductivities, breakdown voltages, and on-state resistances. The paper also compares the switching speeds and costs of SiC and GaN devices, as well as the manufacturing technologies used for these devices. The paper concludes that SiC devices are generally more suitable for high-temperature and high-voltage applications, while GaN devices are more suitable for high-frequency and high-power density applications. The review paper provides insights into the advantages and disadvantages of SiC and GaN power devices and highlights areas for future research.
Reliability issues of GaN HEMT: Current status and challenges
Authors: Shu Tianwei
Published: November 2023

With the development of power electronic devices, there is an increasing demand for energy-saving, emission reduction, and environmental protection. Thus, higher energy conversion efficiency of power electronic devices is required. While traditional Si-based power electronic devices have the disadvantage of low energy utilization efficiency and high thermal losses, GaN-based HEMT has significant advantages, making it a frontier and hotspot in global semiconductor research. However, the failure mechanisms that affect the reliability of GaN HEMTs are not completely comprehended. Many reliability issues affect devices performance, among which electrical reliability and thermal reliability are widely studied concerns. Electrical reliability issues contain inverse piezoelectric effect, hot electron effect, trapping effect, and mental instability. Thermal reliability issues contain self-heating effects, which are caused by the materials unsatisfying thermal conductivity, and improper structure design. This paper is focused on the current research results of the GaN HEMTs electrical reliability and thermal reliability. The first part of this paper gives a review of GaN HEMT reliability issues at their current status, and the second part outlines the challenges of GaN HEMTs in future development. This review will help researchers to better understand factors that affect GaN HEMTs reliability and help with their device design for further research.
Comparison and Evaluation of Different Types of Solar Cells
Authors: Lu Kunrun
Published: November 2023

Solar energy is commonly seen as a sustainable and clean energy source that can help reduce fuel pollution and address the growing energy demand of mankind due to the rapidly increasing population. Solar energy can be transformed into thermal heat and electrical power through the processes of photothermal and photoelectric conversion. Over the years, research has resulted in a range of solar cells based on photovoltaics, which can be classified into three generations. The first and second generations have been widely adopted in public infrastructure, enterprises, and homes as crucial sources of clean energy. Despite advances, there are still issues like low efficiency, high cost, instability, and manufacturing technology that prevent solar cells from taking the lead in energy supplement and replacing conventional fuel sources. In this paper, the advantages, disadvantages, current state, and future trends of the various solar cells, in particular those based on perovskite, will be discussed.
Application of Halogen-Free EPDM Flame Retardants
Authors: Li Yiming
Published: November 2023

Flame retardant materials have been widely used in different fields because of their unique physical and chemical properties, such as aerospace and chemical products. However, although the traditional halogen-based flame retardant has shown excellent application performance in the actual application process, there are serious environmental pollution problems after its use. In order to solve the environmental problems caused by halogen flame retardants, different types of environmentally friendly flame retardant materials have been developed, such as ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) flame retardant. As a new type of energy saving and environment friendly rubber, the EPDM has excellent heat resistance, aging resistance, corrosion resistance and insulation performance, and thus it has been widely used in all walks of life. To this end, EPDM has been used to develop different types of flame retardant materials. Herein, this research will mainly analyze the application performance of different types of EPDM flame retardants and their flame retardant mechanisms, where the research and application of EDPM flame retarder are mainly described from three aspects: intumescent flame retarder, phosphorous flame retarder and inorganic flame retarder
Michael addition reaction and its examples
Authors: Liu Zixuan
Published: November 2023

Michael addition reaction refers to the conjugate addition reaction of carbocation to , -unsaturated aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, nitrile, nitro compounds, etc. The reaction is an essential organic reaction, and it is used in organic synthesis to grow carbon chains and synthesize organic compounds with various functional groups. As one of the most valuable organic synthesis reactions, it is one of the most common ways to construct carbon-carbon bonds. This paper analyzes the mechanisms and the theories of some common Michael addition reactions. It also includes an example of the research of Michael addition in recent years. In a recent study, a research team experimentally found a suitable catalyst to catalyze the Michael addition reaction on benzyl groups, and obtained the different performances of benzyl groups with different functional groups during addition. Cyclopentadienyl rhodium catalyst has excellent catalytic activity and selectivity for benzyl first, second, and third C/H bonds. The reaction can be compatible with halogen, ester, and amide functional groups.
Application of BIM technology on the design and construction of prefabricated buildings
Authors: Liu Yuhang
Published: November 2023

As the population and urbanization have continued to grow all over the world, the construction industry demands more efficient, and greener ways of building. In recent years, prefabricated buildings have attracted widespread attention as a new construction method. BIM technology is a crucial element in the realm of digital architectural design and construction. Its implementation can effectively enhance the support and optimization of the prefabricated building's design and construction process. This paper aims to explore the application of BIM technology in the design and construction stages of prefabricated buildings. Firstly, the utilization of BIM technology in prefabricated building design is expounded from three aspects of digital model construction, architectural collaborative design and architectural design optimization. Then, the implementation of BIM technology in prefabricated building construction is analyzed with regard to three aspects: development of construction plans, on-site management, and quality control. Subsequently, the application of BIM technology in the design of high-rise prefabricated buildings and the construction of prefabricated buildings is introduced in detail through case studies. The results show that the application of BIM technology can improve the design efficiency and construction quality of prefabricated buildings, and has a good application prospect.
Disaster prevention and mitigation in railway engineering
Authors: You Jiawei
Published: November 2023

With the rapid development of railway engineering, the scope of railway construction has been extended to mountainous areas, basins and other geological environments. In these areas, railway construction needs to pay attention to landslides, earthquakes and other disasters, otherwise it will threaten unnecessary economic losses and even personal safety. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the disaster threats faced by railways and the measures to prevent these disasters, especially earthquakes and landslides, and to look at the future development trend of prevention and control. Earthquake early warning is one of the effective means to improve the safety of high-speed railway. As for the railway crossing the high earthquake wind area, it can be considered to establish the earthquake early warning and monitoring system for effective protection. For landslide disaster, interference should be reduced in the construction process, and special evaluation and targeted engineering treatment.
Evaluation of campus public space transformation with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) approach: A case study from Bingwen academy of southeast university, China
Authors: Cheng Fangzhong
Published: November 2023

Changes in the prevention and control situation in the post-epidemic era have spawned a more complex campus living environment, and new space requirements have gradually formed considering interpersonal relationships and distance. The campus is a space worthy of attention and transformation as it is a densely populated space. Taking Bingwen Academy of Southeast University in China as an example, this paper describes a specific space transformation project, evaluates its main advantages and problems, and proposes some suggestions with an analytic hierarchy process. There are five assessment criteria in the space transformation: functional layout, design and materials, horticultural planting, furnishings and detail decoration, and intelligent security and management. Results show that the reformed space is a multi-functional and "living-study" physical environment. It has different usage scenarios with flexible and changeable spatial layouts and provides various activities for teachers and students with the concept of living and learning integration, co-construction, and sharing. It also promotes traditional culture and history spread through furnishings and details and educates people about morality. The reformed Bingwen Academy still has problems, such as inconvenient furniture moving, limited opening hours for all spaces, and lack of activity displacement. It is proposed to add modular furniture with rollers, manage different spaces by time, and add an achievement exhibition wall. This project provides a reference value for the space transformation of other college dormitories during and after the epidemic.
Optimal pre-maintenance timing decision for asphalt pavement based on TOPSIS and combination weighting method
Authors: Li Huishan , Niu Biling
Published: November 2023

With the continuous growth of highway quantity in China, the post-maintenance of highways has become a focus of highway management, attracting widespread attention in the industry. Selecting an appropriate maintenance timing is of significant importance for highway maintenance. Based on the TOPSIS theory and the deterioration law of asphalt pavement performance indicators, this study takes cost, effectiveness, energy consumption, and carbon emissions as research indicators. Combined with the entropy weighting method and the analytic hierarchy process, the study establishes a decision model for determining the optimal preventive maintenance timing for asphalt pavement. This model determines the best timing for preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement through the values of relative closeness. Finally, by analyzing a practical maintenance case of a highway in Jiangsu Province, it is found that when the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) equals 90, it is the optimal timing for preventive maintenance of asphalt pavement, which verifies the rationality of the decision model and provides a scientific reference for selecting maintenance timing.
Design and process of perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells
Authors: Ge AnXu
Published: November 2023

At present, the solar cells that occupy most market are still silicon solar cells. However, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of the devices made of silicon have achieved an extreme value. Therefore, a new type of solar cells to get higher power conversion efficiencies are in great need. Since the 21st century, perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells have gained great attention because of their potential to offer higher PCE compared with other traditional solar cells. This article elaborates the inevitability of the development of perovskite/silicon crystal tandem solar cells from the perspectives of development history, cell structure. This article also discusses the different materials of both perovskite top cell layers and silicon crystal bottom cell layers in this new type of solar cell, including methylammonium lead iodide, formamidinium lead iodide, cesium lead iodide, crystalline silicon, thin-film silicon and heterojunction with intrinsic thin layer. This article mainly presents the characteristics and advantages and disadvantages of different materials when they are used in this new type device.
Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells based on different layers and structures
Authors: Fu Yuxuan
Published: November 2023

Perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells offer great potential for achieving high-efficiency solar energy conversion. Through the absorption of a wide range of wavelength sunlight, they are not limited by the Shockley-Queisser limit in single-junction silicon solar cells. They have shown impressive progress in recent years, reached a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 32.5%, and have a bright prospect in the future. In light of the condition of the solar industry today, this article mainly introduces the development status and the main progress direction of the perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells in recent years. In terms of efficiency improvement, it primarily uses perovskite unit band gap tuning and recombination layer optimization. Then the typical cell structures (2-terminal and 4-terminal) and some innovations (3-terminal) are introduced. The summary of these frontier researches is valuable and can guide the direction for later improvement. Lastly, the perovskite/silicon tandem solar cells still have many opportunities and challenges and are expected to become more mainstream solar cells.
The Challenges of Using Block Copolymers for Organic Solar Cells and Identifying the Most Suitable Approaches
Authors: Huang Zefeng
Published: November 2023

For organic solar cells, a variety of materials are employed, including homopolymer donors and D-A copolymer donors. Organic solar cells are made from Pb (or Sn) halide perovskites, although they have some flaws. A mineral that resembles salt and is present in Pb perovskites quickly dissolves in moisture or water. It may have an impact on your health. The instability of Sn halide perovskites prevents them from becoming suitable. Perovskites are extremely vulnerable to oxidation on their own. Therefore, organic solar cells require a new substance. The usage of block copolymers as a component in organic solar cells is the main topic of this article. The quantum efficiency of organic solar cells will increase by modifying the block copolymer's shape and choosing the right material.
The Comparison of Titanium Dioxide and Zinc Oxide Used in Sunscreen Based on Their Enhanced Absorption
Authors: Wang Xinzhuo
Published: November 2023

Nanomaterials have become increasingly popular in the cosmetic industry, especially in sunscreen production. These tiny particles can improve the performance of sunscreen products by enhancing their capacity to reflect and absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation. This paper introduces two typical metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs), TiO2 NPs and ZnO NPs, in sunscreen and cosmetic products. Because of their propensity to absorb and deflect harmful UV radiation, they are frequently utilised. However, there is rising worry regarding the safe use of nanoparticles in these products especially the potential negative impact on human health. Moreover, the environmental risks associated with them, particularly in terms of their enhanced absorption properties also make their use an ongoing debate. In fact, studies have suggested that while they can result in more effective sun protection, they may also lead to unintended consequences. This paper also compares their sun protection effects, environmental impacts and health risks. It is crucial for customers to weigh the benefits and risks of nanomaterials in cosmetics and for both manufacturers and governments to adopt appropriate and detailed measures to ensure their safe and responsible use.
The Benefits of Incorporating Nanomaterials in Nuclear Power
Authors: Li Chengxiu
Published: November 2023

Nuclear power has been a prominently considered power source for decades. Potentially being the most efficient fuel source surpassing hydro-electric, coal, and wind. The splitting of atoms and the chain reaction that results can release tremendous amounts of energy from very little fuel. However, it is also very controversial which accidents such as chornobyl and extremely long-lasting waste products. But with the incorporation of nanotechnologies such as nano-crystallized uranium oxide as fuel, and oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloys as a way to strengthen reactor hardware even under high temperatures. Nuclear energy could be made much safer, and even introduce commercialized fusion power with efficient deuterium extraction from seawater, and copper carbon nano alloys to act as an efficient heat conductor. Nuclear energy in the production of power has a huge future potential and could make its way into many more applications such as space exploration, shipping, and more. Nanomaterials used could help speed up the process, making it efficient, smaller, and safer.
Common Diseases and Maintenance Measures of Concrete Beam Bridges
Authors: He Xiaoxue
Published: November 2023

Bridges are important infrastructure, and their safety, durability, and applicability are of significant importance to human life and property safety. This paper analyzes the common diseases and maintenance measures of concrete beam bridges, using the specific example of the Heihe No. 3 Bridge. The testing process, inspection content, and measuring point layout of reinforced concrete beam bridges are introduced. Furthermore, the detection methods of different types of reinforced concrete beam bridges are compared and analyzed for steel corrosion state detection, steel protection layer thickness detection, and carbonization depth detection. Finally, the paper briefly discusses the application of BIM in concrete beam bridges.
A Comparison and Combination of Modern and Historical Architecture
Authors: Liu Yongting
Published: November 2023

Considering the rapid development of today's society, earth-shaking changes have taken place in many areas, and the field of architecture is no exception. More and more new buildings are emerging. Some of them are built with different materials, some are in innovative styles, and some are for diverse uses. People can clearly find the differences between modern buildings and ancient buildings, including the differences in materials, uses, structures, etc. By tracing and analyzing the relationship between ancient architecture and modern architecture, this paper discusses the architectural style, materials, and how to combine the two. It can be concluded that there are differences existing in materials, structures, and space utilization between ancient and modern buildings. Ancient buildings pay attention to beauty and the embodiment of national spirit, but they do not perform well in the fire resistance and the construction period is long. Modern buildings focus on practicality and safety but may allow less daylighting to enter or have other unreasonable designs. Therefore, the materials and styles of ancient buildings and modern buildings can be well integrated to maximize the role of architecture.
Pavement damage monitoring using electromechanical impedance of embedded piezoelectric plate
Authors: Zhang Chenxu
Published: November 2023

Piezoelectric transducers have seen widespread usage in the monitoring of structural health. It has tremendous potential for monitoring the health of infrastructure, especially pavement monitoring. In the present study, the impedance characteristics of a piezoelectric plate embedded in the pavement is utilized to monitor the health status of the pavement. Based on the piezoelectricity principle, a model of an electromechanical piezoelectric plate embedded in pavement is established. The damage of the pavement is considered as the thickness decreasing of the pavement layer. The present proposed model is verified by comparing its degeneration with the exact solution of a single layer model. Numerical results demonstrated that with the deceasing of the thickness of the pavement, which is considered as the deterioration of the pavement, the achievable maximum electromechanical impedance characterization including impedance, admittance and conductance decreased. This demonstrated that the achievable maximum impedance, admittance and conductance of an embedded piezoelectric plate could be used as the indicator of pavement health monitoring. This study primarily presents theoretical underpinnings for pavement monitoring using electromechanical impedance of piezoelectric plates.
Research on structural health monitoring methods for bridge structures
Authors: Zhang Jinghao
Published: November 2023

With the development of science and technology, China is building more and more Bridges. The inspection and maintenance of bridge during operation plays an important role in the safety of bridge. Firstly, the research background and significance of bridge structure health inspection are introduced, and the research status and progress of health inspection are analyzed. Then, several commonly used monitoring methods are listed. Based on the comprehensive study of the bridge health monitoring system, the main conclusions are as follows: the bridge health monitoring system is realized through the coordination of several subsystems, including: bridge working environment monitoring, bridge structure overall performance monitoring and bridge structure local performance monitoring. The bridge structural health monitoring system is mainly used in bridge damage identification and bridge safety warning. The bridge structure health monitoring system conforms to the development trend of high technology and will become an indispensable part of the bridge operation in the future.
Analysis of monitoring optimization of high-rise building settlement in China
Authors: Keqian Xu
Published: November 2023

With the continuous advancement of China's economic construction, the population density is increasing, and the construction of high-rise buildings is also constantly advancing. This paper addresses settlement issues related to the construction of tall buildings. The author conducts a comprehensive analysis of the current state of tall buildings in China and explores the causes and negative impacts of settlement. To proactively mitigate settlement in high-rise buildings, the author presents two established monitoring methods based on triangulation. The first method employs fiber optic sensors, while the second utilizes a differential pressure settlement monitoring system. The authors recognize that each method has its own strengths and limitations, underscoring the significance of selecting an appropriate monitoring solution tailored to the specific project's characteristics.
Study on manufacturing and mechanical properties of stainless-clad bimetallic steel
Authors: Sun Zekang
Published: November 2023

The stainless-clad bimetallic steel not only has strong corrosion resistance, but also has low production cost and high strength. Compared with a single stainless steel or ordinary carbon steel material, the strengths of stainless-clad bimetallic steel are obvious, such as a wider market prospect and better material properties. Presently, the stainless-clad bimetallic steel has been successfully applied in the maintenance system of railway steel bridge panels and high-rise building curtain wall. In order to promote the application of stainless-clad bimetallic steel in structural engineering, this paper systematically introduces the manufacturing process of the stainless-clad bimetallic steel, including production technology and welding technology. In addition, the mechanical properties such as corrosion resistance and composite interface properties are studied and analyzed. The research of the stainless-clad bimetallic steel has important economic significance, social significance and strategic value. It is hoped that results from this paper can provide reference for researches on the stainless-clad bimetallic steel in the further.
Research on comfort analysis method and optimization design of pedestrian bridge
Authors: Li Jianchao , Chen Yanming , Ling Xincheng , Wen Taoyi
Published: November 2023

In this paper, the characteristics and modes of pedestrian load are summarized, and the norms of pedestrian load in different countries are compared. At the same time, the pedestrian excitation load is briefly introduced .Then, combining the three conditions of single, double and three-person pedestrian load with the above four common pedestrian load conditions, 12 groups of different load conditions are formed, and the case study is carried out, and the conclusion is drawn as follows: Under the condition of slow walking, the vertical peak acceleration response of the structure under inconsistent stride length slightly increases, but the impact on the pedestrian comfort of the bridge is not significant. When walking slowly and at the same pace, the vertical peak acceleration of the structure increases significantly, which has a significant impact on the pedestrian comfort of the bridge. The common vibration control measures are also introduced. Through the comparison of relevant regulations, combined with case studies and common vibration control measures, it is hoped that it will be helpful to improve the comfort of pedestrian Bridges in the future, and the relevant regulations in China will be revised.
Research on wearable flexible solar cells
Authors: Wang Xiaofeng
Published: November 2023

With the continuous development of various new energy sources, flexible solar cells have attracted much attention as a renewable and clean energy source. Compared with rigid solar cells, flexible solar cells have the characteristics of bendability, flexibility, and portability. Choosing the right material and manufacturing process can get twice the result with half the effort in the research of flexible solar cells. This article aims to review the research progress of wearable flexible solar cells, analyze the materials and preparation technologies used in flexible solar cells at this stage, and discuss the influence of some materials and processes on the photoelectric conversion efficiency and flexibility of flexible solar cells. In addition, this paper also discusses the future development prospects and some existing problems of flexible solar cells. With the continuous development of wearable technology, the research of flexible solar cells must be one of the development priorities in the future.
Analysis on current opto-electronic transmission research and its materials with new perspectives
Authors: Liu Xun
Published: November 2023

Opto-electric transmission technology serves as a basis for todays fast developing telecommunication, digital transmission and information processing. As the global community becomes more digitalized, there is a growing expectation for more convenient communication, information security, and ultra-fast data processing. This paper overviews recent works of opto-electric transmission including theoretical analysis, material construction, structural improvement of transmission apparatus and encryption schematics. In addition, a comparison of the wire and wireless transmission approach and analysis on the relationship between transmission performance indicators and influencing factors are presented. Progress and limitations of current opto-electric technology are discussed in the context of underlying principles and mechanisms. Prospect vision on trends of opto-electronic research in the near future is presented. In the future, opto-electric transmission is expected to possess higher speed, efficiency and security. This review paper aims to provide a picture of current research teams investigation focus and the present status of opto-electric transmission.