bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Making time for soil: Technoscientific futurity and the pace of care
Authors: Puig de la Bellacasa Maria
Published: September 2015

The dominant drive for understanding soil has been to pace its fertility with human demand. Today, warnings about soil’s exhaustion and endangered ecology raise concerns marked by fears of gloomy environmental futures, prompting scientists and soil practitioners urgently to develop better ways of taking care of soils. Yet the pace required by ecological soil care could be at odds with the predominant temporal orientation of technoscientific intervention, which is driven by an inherently progressivist, productionist and restless mode of futurity. Through a conceptual and historical approach to the soil sciences and other domains of soil knowledge, this article looks for soil ontologies and relations to soil care that are obscured by the predominant timescape. Contemporary discussions of the future of the soil sciences expose tensions between ‘progress as usual’ – by intensifying productivity – and the need to protect the pace of soil renewal. The intimate relation of soil science with productionism is being interrogated, as ecology attempts to engage with soil as a living community rather than a receptacle for crops. In this context, and beyond science, the ‘foodweb’ model of soil ecology has become a figure of alternative human–soil relations that involve environmental practitioners in the soil community. Reading these ways of making time for soil as a form of ‘care time’ helps to reveal a diversity of more-than-human interdependent temporalities, disrupting the anthropocentric appeal of predominant timescales of technoscientific futurity and their reductive notion of innovation.
Stigma Resistance in Online Childfree Communities
Authors: Morison Tracy , Macleod Catriona , Lynch Ingrid , Mijas Magda , Shivakumar Seemanthini Tumkur
Published: September 2015

People who are voluntarily childless, or “childfree,” face considerable stigma. Researchers have begun to explore how these individuals respond to stigma, usually focusing on interpersonal stigma management strategies. We explored participants’ responses to stigma in a way that is cognisant of broader social norms and gender power relations. Using a feminist discursive psychology framework, we analysed women’s and men’s computer-assisted communication about their childfree status. Our analysis draws attention to “identity work” in the context of stigma. We show how the strategic use of “choice” rhetoric allowed participants to avoid stigmatised identities and was used in two contradictory ways. On the one hand, participants drew on a “childfree-by-choice script,” which enabled them to hold a positive identity of themselves as autonomous, rational, and responsible decision makers. On the other hand, they mobilised a “disavowal of choice script” that allowed a person who is unable to choose childlessness (for various reasons) to hold a blameless identity regarding deviation from the norm of parenthood. We demonstrate how choice rhetoric allowed participants to resist stigma and challenge pronatalism to some extent; we discuss the political potential of these scripts for reproductive freedom. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available to PWQ subscribers on PWQ's website at http://pwq.sagepub.com/supplemental
Power, Objectification, and Recognition of Sexualized Women and Men
Authors: Civile Ciro , Obhi Sukhvinder S.
Published: September 2015

In contemporary society, sexual objectification is usually thought of as something that men do to women. However, this notion risks conflating the gender of the perpetrator with the fact that men often hold more social power than women. In the current study, we investigated whether power itself was associated with changes in processing of sexualized human targets, independent of the gender of the power holder. In Experiment 1, we primed separate groups of female participants to high-, low-, or neutral-power. We then engaged them in a recognition task involving upright or inverted sexualized images of men and women. Previous research using stimulus inversion manipulations has found that inversion of faces/bodies, but not of objects, disrupts recognition performance, suggesting a reliance on more configural processing in face/body perception compared to object perception. We found that women primed to high-power did not show an inversion effect for sexualized men but did show an inversion effect for sexualized women. In contrast, women primed to low-power showed an inversion effect for sexualized men and women. In Experiment 2, we replicated this finding and found a similar effect of power for male participants perceiving sexualized images of women. We discuss our results with reference to the literatures on objectification and the cognitive processes involved in the perception of sexualized men and women. Our study provides seminal evidence that power, rather than gender per se, may play a central role in sexual objectification. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available to PWQ subscribers on PWQ's website at http://pwq.sagepub.com/supplemental
Rates of Mental Illness and Associated Academic Impacts in Ontario’s College Students
Authors: Holmes Alana , Silvestri Robert
Published: September 2015

Staff at campus-based counselling and disability centres in 15 of Ontario’s 24 community colleges completed 3,536 surveys on 1,964 individual students querying the presence of mental illness and academic challenges as reported by students accessing these services. Survey data were analyzed to determine prevalence rates of mental disorders and investigate for the presence of a relationship between specific mental illnesses and any associated academic impacts. More than half of these students had diagnoses with mood and anxiety disorders being the most common individual and comorbid diagnoses. The academic challenges reported by students with mental illnesses occurred in particular patterns relative to specific diagnoses; alertness/attention challenges were associated with mood disorders, whereas memory/executive function problems were linked to anxiety disorders. Implications for training and service practices of counselling and disability staff are reviewed as are future research directions for accommodating the academic needs of students with mental illnesses.
Anthropometric Indicators Predict Metabolic Syndrome Diagnosis in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Vogt Barbara Perez , Ponce Daniela , Caramori Jacqueline Costa Teixeira
Published: September 2015

Background: Obesity has been considered the key in metabolic syndrome (MetS) development, and fat accumulation may be responsible for the occurrence of metabolic abnormalities in hemodialysis patients. The use of gold‐standard methods to evaluate obesity is limited, and anthropometric measures may be the simplest methods. However, no study has investigated the association between anthropometric indexes and MetS in these patients. Therefore, the aim was to determine which anthropometric indexes had the best association and prediction for MetS in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: Cross‐sectional study that included patients older than 18 years, undergoing hemodialysis for at least 3 months. Patients with liver disease and cancer or those receiving corticosteroids or antiretroviral therapy were excluded. Diagnostic criteria from Harmonizing Metabolic Syndrome were used for the diagnosis of MetS. Anthropometric indexes evaluated were body mass index (BMI); percent standard of triceps skinfold thickness and of middle arm muscle circumference; waist circumference (WC); sagittal abdominal diameter; neck circumference; waist‐to‐hip, waist‐to‐thigh, and waist‐to‐height ratios; sagittal index; conicity index; and body fat percentage. Results: Ninety‐eight patients were included, 54.1% male, and mean age was 57.8 ± 12.9 years. The prevalence of MetS was 74.5%. Individuals with MetS had increased accumulation of abdominal fat and general obesity. Waist‐to‐height ratio was the variable independently associated with MetS diagnosis (odds ratio, 1.21; 95% confidence interval, 1.09–1.34; P < .01) and that better predicts MetS, followed by WC and BMI (area under the curve of 0.840, 0.836, and 0.798, respectively, P < .01). Conclusion: Waist‐to‐height ratio was the best anthropometric predictor of MetS in maintenance hemodialysis patients.
Effect of Nasogastric Tube Feeding vs Nil per Os on Dysmotility in Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Ma Jiemin , Pendharkar Sayali A. , O'Grady Gregory , Windsor John A. , Petrov Maxim S.
Published: September 2015

Background: Evidence from animal studies suggests that gastrointestinal motility is impaired in acute pancreatitis. Enteral nutrition, and more specifically nasogastric tube feeding, has emerged as a key treatment modality in patients with acute pancreatitis, but its effect on motility has not been investigated in this setting. The aim was to validate the Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) in patients with acute pancreatitis and determine the effect of nasogastric tube feeding on GCSI. Methods: The study design was a randomized controlled trial. Patients were allocated to nasogastric tube feeding or nil per os within 24 hours of hospital admission. GCSI data from before randomization to 72 hours after randomization were analyzed. The test‐retest reliability analysis was used to calculate Cronbach's α. Results: Seventeen patients were randomized to nasogastric tube feeding and 18 to nil per os. Overall, the total GCSI score significantly decreased over the study (F = 8.537; P = .001) but was not significantly different between the 2 study groups during hospitalization (F = 1.159; P = .322). However, patients on nasogastric tube feeding did show improved appetite compared with nil per os (F = 3.526; P = .036). The GCSI was found to be a reliable tool in the setting of acute pancreatitis (Cronbach's α = 0.852). Conclusions: Nasogastric tube feeding does not appear to affect dysmotility symptoms in acute pancreatitis as measured by the GCSI, although appetite improved. Use of the simple, noninvasive, and inexpensive GCSI tool to evaluate motility is recommended in future clinical trials in pancreatology.
A bioactive hybrid three-dimensional tissue-engineering construct for cartilage repair
Authors: Ainola Mari , Tomaszewski Waclaw , Ostrowska Barbara , Wesolowska Ewa , Wagner H Daniel , Swieszkowski Wojciech , Sillat Tarvo , Peltola Emilia , Konttinen Yrjö T
Published: September 2015

The aim was to develop a hybrid three-dimensional-tissue engineering construct for chondrogenesis. The hypothesis was that they support chondrogenesis. A biodegradable, highly porous polycaprolactone-grate was produced by solid freeform fabrication. The polycaprolactone support was coated with a chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibre sheet produced by electrospinning. Transforming growth factor-β3-induced chondrogenesis was followed using the following markers: sex determining region Y/-box 9, runt-related transcription factor 2 and collagen II and X in quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, histology and immunostaining. A polycaprolactone-grate and an optimized chitosan/polyethylene oxide nanofibre sheet supported cellular aggregation, chondrogenesis and matrix formation. In tissue engineering constructs, the sheets were seeded first with mesenchymal stem cells and then piled up according to the lasagne principle. The advantages of such a construct are (1) the cells do not need to migrate to the tissue engineering construct and therefore pore size and interconnectivity problems are omitted and (2) the cell-tight nanofibre sheet and collagen-fibre network mimic a cell culture platform for mesenchymal stem cells/chondrocytes (preventing escape) and hinders in-growth of fibroblasts and fibrous scarring (preventing capture). This allows time for the slowly progressing, multiphase true cartilage regeneration.
Alcohol Intoxicated Witnesses: Perception of Aggression and Guilt in Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Hildebrand Karlén Malin , Roos af Hjelmsäter Emma , Fahlke Claudia , Granhag Pär Anders , Söderpalm Gordh Anna
Published: September 2015

Many witnesses to violent crimes are alcohol intoxicated, but research is lacking regarding how alcohol affects their perception of aggression and guilt. This study investigated to what extent alcohol intoxicated eyewitnesses differed from sober witnesses regarding how aggressive and guilty they perceived the involved parts in an intimate partner violence (IPV) situation. Eighty-seven healthy men ( n = 44) and women ( n = 43) were randomized to an alcohol group (0.7 g/kg) or a non-alcohol group. In a laboratory setting, alcoholic/non-alcoholic drinks were consumed before viewing a film depicting IPV between a man and a woman. Ten min after viewing, in an interview, the participants rated how aggressive and guilty they perceived the involved parts to be. Alcohol intoxicated participants perceived both parts’ physically aggressive behavior as comparatively less severe, but their neutral behavior as more hostile. Sober witnesses perceived the man to be the most guilty part, whereas intoxicated witnesses distributed guilt more evenly. Alcohol had a strong but complex impact on the perception of aggression in IPV (i.e., heightened during the neutral interaction and lowered during physical aggression). These results may be explained by the cognitive consequences of alcohol’s anxiety-dampening effects. Regarding the asymmetric difference in perceived guilt, stereotypical expectations of gender-appropriate behavior in an IPV situation may need to be considered.
Conceptualizing Party Representation of Ethnic Minorities in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Nedelcu Harry , DeBardeleben Joan
Published: September 2015

The political representation of ethnic minorities in the party systems of Central and Eastern European states remains understudied despite the consolidation of democracy in these countries following their accession to the EU. This paper asks what institutional factors influence the way ethnic minorities are represented in the party systems of Central and Eastern European states. It does so based on a comparison of ethnic minorities in two paired cases (Slovakia/Romania and Estonia/Latvia), each of which shows similarities in some regards but have different outcomes in terms of party representation. The paper specifically examines explanations for the diverse forms through which minorities are represented in these four countries with a focus on three distinct types: ethnic particularist minority parties, integrationist minority parties, and accommodative majority parties. We examine two institutional/political factors that influence specific minority party types: (1) electoral systems and (2) political strategies of the dominant ethnic elite. We argue that while electoral systems do play a role in explaining differences in the party representation of minorities, they become particularly important in the broader political institutional context that emerged in the first decade following the collapse of communism. The manner in which dominant ethnic political-elites approached minority representation in the early years of democratization is critical in explaining different types of party representation that ensued.
Transparency in Reporting on Charities’ Efficiency
Authors: Hyndman Noel , McConville Danielle
Published: September 2015

In recent difficult economic times, the efficiency with which a charity spends the funds entrusted to it has become an increasingly important aspect of charitable performance. Transparency on efficiency, including the reporting of relevant measures and information to understand, contextualize, and evaluate such measures, is suggested as important to a range of stakeholders. However, using a novel framework for the analysis of efficiency reporting in the context of transparency and stakeholder theory, this research provides evidence that reporting on efficiency in U.K. charities lacks transparency, both in terms of the extent and manner of disclosure. It is argued that efficiency reporting in U.K. charities is more concerned with legitimizing these organizations rather than providing ethically driven accounts of their efficiency.
Design and development of an incremental sheet metal hammering system using mass damper
Authors: Asgari A , Sedighi M , Riahi M
Published: September 2015

Incremental forming is a method for rapid-prototyping and low-volume production. Incremental sheet metal hammering is relatively a new technique in which successive blows of punch on the clamped sheet are used to apply desired shape. In this article an incremental sheet metal hammering system has been designed and developed. The developed mechanism is equipped with a cam shaft including some hard metallic balls as dampers into the central driver core. It can reduce the system vibration to some degree. This research describes the theoretical, simulation and practical background of the designed system. In addition, experiments are accomplished to assess the tool performance. Also, by evaluation of experimental results, the effects of some parameters on the surface quality and maximum forming angle have been studied.
Mechanisms, classifications, and applications of servo presses: A review with comparisons
Authors: Halicioglu Recep , Dulger L Canan , Bozdana A Tolga
Published: September 2015

Servo presses have recently come into prominence for sheet metal forming operations due to their flexibility, controllability, and simplicity. Minimum energy consumption and maximum tool life are their significant characteristics, leading to considerable reductions in manufacturing costs. This article presents technological review on design and applications of servo presses. The characteristics of servo presses are described and compared to conventional and hydraulic presses. Mechanisms used in servo presses and their motion concepts are evaluated with design features. The industrial background of mechanisms is reported with typical examples from leading press manufacturers. A new classification of the servo presses is presented according to mechanisms and drivers. Besides, ranking of press types according to power control and mechanisms is determined. Servo presses with slider-crank mechanism design are preferred due to their distinctive characteristics.
Manufacturing method of double-helical gears using CNC machining center
Authors: Kawasaki Kazumasa , Tsuji Isamu , Gunbara Hiroshi
Published: September 2015

Double-helical gears are usually manufactured using special type of machine tools, such as gear hobbing and shaping machines. In this paper, a manufacturing method of double-helical gears using a CNC machining center instead of the special type of machine tools is proposed. This manufacturing method has the following advantages: (i) the tooth surfaces can be modified arbitrarily, (ii) all we have to do in gear machining is only one machine setting, (iii) the hole and blank diameter and so on except the tooth surface can be also machined, and (iv) the auxiliary apparatus, special type of tools, and special type of machine tools are not needed. For this study, first the tooth profiles of the double-helical gear were modelled using a 3D computer-aided design system and the gear was machined using a CNC machining center based on a computer-aided manufacturing system. Next, the profile deviations, helix deviations, pitch deviations, and surface roughnesses of the manufactured double-helical gears were measured. Afterwards, the relationship between the tool wear and life time of the end mill were made clear. Finally, this manufacturing method was applied to the gears for a double-helical gear pump. As a result, the validity and effectiveness of the manufacturing method of double-helical gears using a CNC machining center were confirmed.
A user-friendly computational algorithm for the structural analysis of wrapping machine rotating rings
Authors: Croccolo Dario , De Agostinis Massimiliano , Fini Stefano , Olmi Giorgio
Published: September 2015

Wrapping machines usually consist of a two- or a four-column frame, supporting a huge rotating ring, connected to a pre-stretch unit with film coil carrier. Stiffness is a key point of packaging machines, since it is strictly related to the accuracy of the wrapping task. It depends on the stiffness of the frame, which can be achieved by the four-column architecture, and on the ring constraint system. As a consequence, the ring structures are usually highly statically indeterminate. Nowadays, there is an increasing demand for higher rotational speeds and more reduced operation times. Therefore, an accurate structural analysis of the ring, considering its actual loading and constraints is more and more important. The structural analysis of the rotating ring is treated by many references; however, such a statically indeterminate constraining makes this problem highly complicated. The goal of this paper consists in the development of a general and original computational algorithm for the structural analysis of rotating rings. The results are collected in a user-friendly way in terms of normalized internal loads, so that they can be of a great help even for not expert users. This model has been experimentally validated and easily applied to case studies and optimization tasks.
The twist axis of frames with particular application to motorcycles
Authors: Doria Alberto , Taraborrelli Luca
Published: September 2015

The static and dynamic properties of the frame and the front fork of a single track vehicle play a critical role from the point of view of vehicle stability. A turning point in the study of motorcycle stability was established by the introduction of lumped stiffness elements to characterize the critical compliances of the motorcycle elements, this approach being still in use with advanced multibody codes. Nonetheless, up to now very few scientific studies have been carried out to identify the parameters that account for the stiffness and damping properties of motorcycle front forks and frames. This work addresses the problem of identifying the parameters needed for developing lumped element models of motorcycles from experimental results. Two motorcycle frames are studied performing static, dynamic, and modal tests by means of a specific testing equipment. The frames have been tested in two different conditions: fixing them at the steering head or at the swing-arm pivot.

In the first section of the paper a general definition of the twist axis, based on the concept of “Mozzi” or instantaneous screw axis, is presented. The twist axis is used for characterizing the deformation patterns of the tested frames. The static twist axis is identified loading the frames at low rate by means of a servo-hydraulic actuator and measuring the deformation of a reference plate by means of three laser sensors; the dynamic twist axis is identified exerting an impulsive excitation and measuring the vibration of a reference plate by means of three accelerometers. In the last section of the paper, experimental results obtained on motorcycle frames are shown. A method to identify the stiffness properties of the frames from the measured twist axes is presented. Results obtained with the proposed method are in good agreement with the ones presented in literature.
Optimal selection of the supporting points of large component aligned and positioned by parallel manipulator
Authors: Zhang Hongshuang , Jiang Junxia , Ke Yinglin , Wang Qing
Published: September 2015

Large components such as wing sections should be aligned and positioned in a desired position prior to the final manufacturing or assembly, so a digital alignment and position device based on six degree of freedom parallel manipulator with several prismatic-prismatic-prismatic-spherical branches was designed and fabricated to meet the needs. The digital alignment and position device is an alignment device based on the parallel manipulator, and it is also a positioning and holding fixture for large components manufacturing or assembly. In order to effectively and efficiently select the supporting points of large component where the digital alignment and position device branch is connected with, the performance of the parallel manipulator and the fixture should be comprehensively analyzed at the same time. The global performance indices such as the dexterity index, the bearing capacity index, and the stiffness index are calculated based on the mechanism Jacobean matrix of the parallel manipulator, and the positioning stability index is calculated based on the position Jacobean matrix of the fixture. The results show that the global performance indices are not related to the pose, but the positioning stability index is; in addition, all indices rely on the originally selected supporting points and provide the basis for the effective selection of the supporting points for large component aligned and positioned by the digital alignment and position device, which is based on parallel manipulator with prismatic- prismatic-prismatic-spherical pairs.
The fault diagnosis of aircraft power system based on inverse problem of fuzzy optimization
Authors: Cao Huang , Haiwen Yuan , Zhao Ma , Jian Shi , Limei Zhou , Xin Guo
Published: September 2015

Aiming at the paroxysmal fault of aircraft power system, this paper proposes a new method based on inverse problem of fuzzy optimization and deduces the corresponding fault diagnosis model. Firstly, establish the hybrid model of aircraft power system by Petri net. Secondly, analyze the relationship between fault symptoms and fault causes. Thirdly, combine the inverse problem with fuzzy diagnosis theory and get the inverse problem model of fuzzy optimization, the problem of diagnosis amounts to solving a fuzzy relational equation. Finally, solve the fuzzy relational equation by the numerical analysis method and do fault diagnosis by several fuzzy diagnosis rules. A case study demonstrates that the proposed model is feasible.
Effects of Stress on the Social Support Provided by Men and Women in Intimate Relationships
Authors: Bodenmann Guy , Meuwly Nathalie , Germann Janine , Nussbeck Fridtjof W. , Heinrichs Markus , Bradbury Thomas N.
Published: September 2015

Although evolutionary and social-structural models predict that women will be more supportive than men in relationships, behavioral studies fail to confirm this difference. We predicted instead that gender differences in support will be moderated by stress, and that men will provide lower-quality support primarily when their stress is high. We predicted further that the detrimental effects of stress on men’s support will be more evident when men are responding to women’s emotionally toned expressions of stress than when men are responding to women’s affectively neutral expressions of stress. Stressed and unstressed men and women were observed providing support to a stressed relationship partner. While unstressed, men and women generally provided similar support to the stressed partner. While stressed, men provided lower-quality support than did comparably stressed women, but only in response to emotionally toned expressions of stress. Thus, gender differences in support may arise because women are better able than men to regulate other people’s emotional distress while managing stresses of their own.
The four cultures: Public engagement with science only, art only, neither, or both museums
Authors: Shein Paichi Pat , Li Yuh-Yuh , Huang Tai-Chu
Published: September 2015

This study uses an art-and-science comparative lens to understand the science culture, particularly the public engagement with science museums. A representational Taiwanese sample of 1863 subjects was categorized into “four cultures,” who visit science only, art only, neither, or both museums, resulting in six multivariate logistic regression models. Knowledge of science, interests in scientific and social issues, and socio-demographic variables were considered in the models. Adults with children and males prefer science museums, females prefer art museums, and the young and urban intellects show no strong preference, appearing to be open to both science and art museums. The findings show the complex decisions the public make in visiting museums. It is no longer a strictly science or art decision, as framed by Snow’s “The Two Cultures” argument; rather, the possibility of visiting both museums has emerged, a phenomenon we describe as cognitive polyphasia.
Integrating Ultra-Orthodox Jewish Men in Academic Nursing Training
Authors: Haron Yafa , Azuri Pazit
Published: September 2015

As part of the national plan for integrating the ultra-Orthodox Jewish population in academic studies and in order to promote its labor force participation, the Tel Aviv-Yaffo Academic College School for Nursing Sciences created a BSN program specifically for ultra-Orthodox men, for the first time in Israel. Ultra-Orthodox students’ entry into the academic world requires the program to be culturally sensitive without compromising on quality standards. The structure and context may be ultra-Orthodox, but the contents and learning experience expose the students to a different worldview than that of their religious studies. The ultra-Orthodox way of life requires adjustments also in the area of learning aids. Most important, the students are exposed to the Internet for the first time, and some of them are even unable to use a computer. The students in the first class of male ultra-Orthodox nursing students are the pioneers of this community. Their academic success in the first stage—and integration in the labor market in the second—is a test of the national labor force integration project.
Realism, Empiricism, and Fetishism in the Study of Entrepreneurship
Authors: Crawford G. Christopher , Dimov Dimo , McKelvey Bill
Published: September 2015

We challenge a stream of thought that focuses on drawing what we see as a frivolous contrast between creation and discovery view of entrepreneurship. Its detachment from the empirical world is tantamount to theoretical “fetishism”. We see opportunities as emergent structures, with ontologically real components, epistemologically real functional relationships, and requiring real human actions and interactions to come to fruition. This calls for building theory based on the strengths of both discovery and creation assumptions.
Effects of electric field and pressure on the shrinkage behaviors of cylindrical pore in piezoelectric materials
Authors: Zhang Q , Wang X , Huang X
Published: September 2015

This paper presents an analytical method to describe the effect of electric field on the shrinkage rate and healing history of a cylindrical pore in piezoelectric grain under hydrostatic pressure. Based on the thermal dynamic potential theory of piezoelectric elastic solid, the coupled influence of the surface energy of pore, the interface energy of piezoelectric grain, and the elastic energy and electric potential stored in the piezoelectric grain dominates the shrinkage rate and healing history of the pore. Utilizing the excess chemical potential in an axisymmetric piezoelectric grain with a cylindrical pore, the govern equation of thermodynamic for the piezoelectric grain with a cylindrical pore is established. Then, an analytical expression for the govern equation is given to predict the shrinkage rate and healing time of a cylindrical pore in piezoelectric grain. Results show that the effect of electric field on the shrinkage rate and healing history of a pore in piezoelectric grain is obviously different from the effect of hydrostatic pressure applied on the interface of the piezoelectric grain, and the finally shrinkage size of pore in piezoelectric grain is larger than that of the pore in non-piezoelectric grain when other calculation parameters are fixed.
The Integrity Model
Authors: Nahon Danielle , Lander Nedra R.
Published: September 2015

A recent shift in the literature on the psychology of men calls for a positive understanding of men and masculinities. Long before this, a growing empirical and clinical literature based on nearly five decades of work with men indicates that men have been receptive to a positive, wellness- and values-based Integrity model of existential psychotherapy. Illustrated by two case studies, this article offers a theoretical and clinical exploration of ways in which men address issues of belonging, intimacy, and community with self and others within Integrity-based psychotherapy. This work challenges the literature on men and masculinities and on psychotherapy with men in several key ways: (a) Men engage immediately in Integrity-based work and readily discover their viable emotional voices; (b) they are willing to explore vulnerable emotions within the therapeutic relationship; (c) resistance is practically nil; and (d) the Integrity model has a unique component of adaptability and universality.
Gender Differences in Outcome After Modified Broström Procedure for Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Authors: Xu He-Xing , Choi Min-Sun , Kim Myung-Sun , Park Kyung-Soon , Lee Keun-Bae
Published: September 2015

Background:

The modified Broström procedure is commonly used for anatomic repair of chronic lateral ankle instability. However, no studies have compared outcomes of gender-based differences after the modified Broström procedure. We compared outcomes of the modified Broström procedure in men and women.

Methods:

A total of 155 patients (155 ankles) treated with the modified Broström procedure for chronic lateral ankle instability constituted the study cohort. The 155 ankles were divided into 2 groups: a men’s group (94 ankles) and a women’s group (61 ankles). The Karlsson score, American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle-hindfoot score, talar tilt, and anterior talar translation were used to evaluate clinical and radiographic outcomes. The mean follow-up duration was 42.8 months (range, 24-101).

Results:

Mean preoperative Karlsson scores were 53.6 points (39-65) in the men’s group and 54.9 points (39-65) in the women’s group, and these improved to 93.2 (72-100) and 92.2 (80-100), respectively, at the final follow-up. Mean preoperative AOFAS ankle-hindfoot scores were 62.4 points (44-79) in men and 63.6 points (49-77) in women and 93.7 (72-100) and 92.3 (79-100), respectively, at the final follow-up. Mean preoperative talar tilt angles decreased from 11.9 degrees (2.5-27.5) in men and 11.4 degrees (0.9-24.7) in women to 6.0 (1.0-11.5) and 6.0 (2.3-11.9), respectively, at the final follow-up. Mean preoperative anterior talar translation in men and women improved from 8.6 mm (5.1-14.6) and 8.7 mm (2.3-11.9) to 6.0 (4.3-8.7) and 5.8 (3.3-9.9), respectively, at the final follow-up. No significant differences were found between men and women in terms of Karlsson scores, AOFAS scores, talar tilt angle, and anterior talar translation.

Conclusions:

The modified Broström procedure showed similar good functional and radiographic outcomes in men and women. These results suggest that the modified Broström procedure is effective and reliable for treating chronic lateral ankle instability regardless of gender.

Level of Evidence:

Level III, retrospective comparative cohort study.
Assessment Practices of Child Clinicians
Authors: Cook Jonathan R. , Hausman Estee M. , Jensen-Doss Amanda , Hawley Kristin M.
Published: September 2015

Assessment is an integral component of treatment. However, prior surveys indicate clinicians may not use standardized assessment strategies. We surveyed 1,510 clinicians and used multivariate analysis of variance to explore group differences in specific measure use. Clinicians used unstandardized measures more frequently than standardized measures, although psychologists used standardized measures more frequently than nonpsychologists. We also used latent profile analysis to classify clinicians based on their overall approach to assessment and examined associations between clinician-level variables and assessment class or profile membership. A four-profile model best fit the data. The largest profile consisted of clinicians who primarily used unstandardized assessments (76.7%), followed by broad-spectrum assessors who regularly use both standardized and unstandardized assessment (11.9%), and two smaller profiles of minimal (6.0%) and selective assessors (5.5%). Compared with broad-spectrum assessors, unstandardized and minimal assessors were less likely to report having adequate standardized measures training. Implications for clinical practice and training are discussed.
Managing Everyday Occupations as a Predictor of Health and Life Satisfaction Among Mothers of Children With ADHD
Authors: Avrech Bar Michal , Jlole Majadla Shereen , Bart Orit
Published: September 2015

Objective: Raising a child with special needs disturbs the balance of family life and affects mothers’ everyday life. The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of occupational competence, occupational settings, and role load to the health and life satisfaction of Arab mothers of children with and without ADHD. Method: Participants included 40 Israeli Arab women aged 25 to 40 years. Half were mothers of children with ADHD and half were mothers of children without ADHD. Data were collected by using four self-report questionnaires. Results: Occupational competence and occupational settings predicted mothers’ mental health and life satisfaction. Having or not having a child with ADHD only reflects a minor contribution. Conclusion: Enhancing mothers’ occupational competence and settings may increase their health and life satisfaction. This study highlights the need to focus on maternal occupational competence and settings as they affect mothers’ health and well-being when providing intervention to children with ADHD.
Positive Behavior Support
Authors: Kincaid Don , Dunlap Glen , Kern Lee , Lane Kathleen Lynne , Bambara Linda M. , Brown Fredda , Fox Lise , Knoster Timothy P.
Published: September 2015

Positive behavior support (PBS) has been a dynamic and growing enterprise for more than 25 years. During this period, PBS has expanded applications across a wide range of populations and multiple levels of implementation. As a result, there have been understandable inconsistencies and confusion regarding the definition of PBS. In this essay, we offer an updated and unified definition. We provide a brief historical perspective and describe a process for developing a proposed definition. We also discuss the rationale for key elements of the definition.
Thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis for tilted and skewed rollers in cylindrical roller bearings
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Bai Xinrui , Cui Jinlei , Yang Peiran
Published: September 2015

Due to the imperfect geometry and misalignment, cylindrical roller loading may result in both the roller tilting and skewing. Roller tilting coupled with skewing is important for the working lifetime of the bearings. To investigate the effect of the roller tilting and skewing on the thermal elastohydrodynamic lubrication, a model with non-Newtonian property of the lubricant has been built and a complete numerical solution has been obtained to address the relationship between the tilted and skewed roller effect and the thermal effect. Effects of the tilting angle, the rotating speed, and the applied load are discussed. In addition, profiles of the roller ends and generatrix are modified to reduce the roller tilting coupled with the skewing effect. Results show that, the thermal effect and the uneven distribution of the lubricating performance are the most prominent when both tilting and skewing effect are considered. Larger tilting angle, and heavier applied load causes greater maximum pressure and temperature, and thinner minimum film. Higher rotating speed leads to greater maximum film temperature, although thicker film. Profile modification of the roller’s ends and generatrix may reduce the effect of roller tilting and skewing. These findings provide important insights into the lubricating design in rolling bearings.
Modeling and analysis of the effects of nano-oil additives on wear properties of AISI 4140 steel material using mixture design
Authors: Sahin Yeliz Buruk , Celik Osman Nuri , Burnak Nimetullah , Demirtas Ezgi Aktar
Published: September 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of nano-oil additives on the wear properties of AISI 4140 steel material. This paper also introduces an application of mixture design to the development of a new proportion formulation for nano-oil additives dispersed in engine oil (SAE10W) to enhance lubrication. A mixture design procedure was performed on the basis of design, modeling, optimization, and confirmation steps. Based on a simplex lattice design, a cubic model was established as a function of the nanoparticle fractions. The optimal proportions were obtained by considering the cross-sectional area of the wear profile. A 77.81% decrease compared to the base oil was obtained by using ZnO and carbon nanotubes.
A study on the tribological behavior of surface texturing on the nonflat piston ring under mixed lubrication
Authors: Gu Chunxing , Meng Xianghui , Xie Youbai , Li Peng
Published: September 2015

In this study, the performance of surface texturing on nonflat surfaces is numerically investigated. A one-dimensional mixed-lubrication model considering the oil supply is employed. The cases of the nonflat ring lubrication with full and partial texturing are conducted in steady-state and engine-like conditions. By considering the oil transport for lubricant distribution along the liner, the simulation for the whole ring pack is also conducted. As a main conclusion, the textured surface can obtain a special benefit on the tribological properties under not only the mixed lubrication, but also starved lubrication. In addition, it also suggests that the reduction of the ring-pack friction is possible if the nonflat top compression ring is textured.
From Marx to Giddens via Weber and Habermas
Authors: Bayatrizi Zohreh
Published: September 2015

This article investigates the political role of social theories in contemporary Iran. It focuses, specifically, on how the 1979 Revolution marks a passage in Iranian political and social thought from political radicalism informed by Marxism to reformist liberalism inspired by local readings of Weber, Habermas, and Giddens. By investigating the writings of public intellectuals and political activists involved in Iran’s reform movement, the article traces their transformation from leftist revolutionary radicals to liberal proponents of free market, democracy, and religious pluralism. It will be argued that an inadequate understanding of economic issues underlies the political failings of this movement.
A questionnaire survey on sleep environment conditioned by different cooling modes in multistorey residential buildings of Singapore
Authors: Yang Bin , Olofsson Thomas
Published: September 2015

A good sleep environment is essential to maintain a person’s health and daily working performance. How to create comfortable and healthy sleep environments with less energy use is worth exploring. Findings, based on one questionnaire survey on sleep environments conditioned by different cooling modes have been reported. The study investigated the use of different cooling devices in relation to the effect on sleep. Human responses to thermal environments and air quality created by different cooling modes were also studied. Totally 229 completed questionnaires were statistically analysed. The results show that most of the respondents prefer to use air conditioner 3–6 months in a year with relatively low temperature settings especially for respondents living below fifth floor. It is better to choose relatively high temperature settings to reduce air conditioning intensity especially for elders and outdoor workers, which can not only avoid cold thermal discomfort but also reduce electric energy use. For elders, outdoor workers and persons living in higher floor levels, there was an increase usage of electrical fans or natural ventilation. Thermal comfort can be maintained by raised air movement and the perceived air quality could improve obviously by introducing outdoor air, which would create a good sleep environment to ensure sleep quality.
Indoor/outdoor relationship of PM2.5 concentration in typical buildings with and without air cleaning in Beijing
Authors: Deng Gaofeng , Li Zenghe , Wang Zhichao , Gao Jubao , Xu Zhaowei , Li Jiandong , Wang Zhiyong
Published: September 2015

Indoor and outdoor particulate matter 2.5 (PM2.5) concentrations were monitored in seven sampling sites: basketball stadium, hotel, shopping centre, research centre, commercial office, apartment building and villa, to determine the indoor and outdoor relationship of PM2.5 mass concentration in the central area of Beijing from February 2014 to March 2014. The influence of four types of ventilation systems on indoor to outdoor (I/O) ratio of PM2.5 concentration was evaluated. The measured results show that the mean I/O ratio of the seven locations was 0.36 when the outdoor PM2.5 concentration was more than 150 µg/m3, and 1.1 when the outdoor PM2.5 concentration was less than 100 µg/m3, which implies that people’s activities could be the most likely factor rather than outdoor sources for elevated indoor PM2.5 levels. The average I/O ratio was 0.69 for public buildings and 0.94 for residential homes, which illustrates that indoor PM2.5 concentrations could be dominated by outdoor sources for residential homes. Approximately 90% of the outdoor particles were removed in public buildings equipped with fan-coil unit with air cleaning plus fresh air system. The results demonstrate the need to improve indoor air quality by using a proper ventilation system with air cleaning.
The euro effect: Tourism creation, tourism diversion and tourism potential within the European Union
Authors: Santana-Gallego María , Ledesma-Rodríguez Francisco , Pérez-Rodríguez Jorge
Published: September 2015

This paper investigates the impact of the Economic and Monetary Union on international tourism flows across a set of 37 developed countries. To do this, an augmented gravity model is estimated using a sample of 31 European countries plus six non-European OECD countries over the period 1995–2012. Results suggest a substantial impact of the euro on intra-Eurozone tourism of between 44 and 126% when proper estimation method, control group and definition of the Eurozone are used. Moreover, evidence of tourism creation is also found. Finally, the potential tourism gains for new members and possible entrants of adopting the euro are explored. This study provides a detailed analysis on the effect of the euro on tourism flows which might be of interest for policymakers of the Eurozone or future member states.
Under the shadow of genocide: Rwandans, ethnicity and refugee status
Authors: Jaji Rose
Published: September 2015

This article discusses ethnicity and refugee status among Rwandan refugees self-settled in Nairobi, Kenya. It addresses conflation of Hutu fugitives who participated in the 1994 Rwandan genocide and refugees, and critiques perception of Hutu and Tutsi as mutually exclusive ethnicities with no points of intersection. Framed within the social constructivist approach to identity, the article problematizes ethnic essentialism and wholesale criminalization and stigmatization of Rwandan refugees and, in particular, Hutu ethnicity in ways that silence individual viewpoints emanating from personal experience. Conversely, the article highlights how Rwandan refugees deflect collective guilt and legitimize their refugee status under the shadow of the genocide which was committed by extremist Hutu on Tutsi and moderate Hutu. The refugees’ reaction to association with the genocide confounds theoretically irreconcilable extremes through self-representations centred on experiences that muddle the simplistic perpetrator – victim and guilty – innocent binary. The refugees’ narratives portray victimhood in Rwanda as complex, cyclical and heterogeneous.