bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: ISOLATION AND STRUCTURAL ELUCIDATION OF ZOAPATANOL AND MONTANOL, NOVEL OXEPANE DITERPENOIDS FROM THE MEXICAN PLANT ZOAPATLE (MONTANOA TOMENTOSA)
Authors: KANOJIA R. M. , WACHTER M. P. , LEVINE S. D. , ADAMS R. E. , CHEN R. , CHIN E. , COTTER M. L. , HIRSCH A. F. , HUETTEMANN R. , KANE V. V. , OSTROWSKI P. , SHAW C. J. , MATEOS J. L. , NORIEGA L. , GUZMAN A. , MIJAREZ A. , TOVAR L. , SHEFTER E.
Published: April 2016

Die Isolierung und Identifizierung der Diterpenoide Zoapatanol (I) und Montanol (II) sowie Versuche: zu deren Teilsynthese werden beschrieben.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF FLEXIBILENE, A NATURALLY OCCURRING 15‐MEMBERED RING DITERPENE
Authors: MCMURRY J. , MATZ J. R. , KEES K. L. , BOCK P. A.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem Dienon (I) erhält man den Pd‐Komplex (II).
ChemInform Abstract: REVISION OF THE ASSIGNMENT OF RELATIVE STEREOCHEMISTRY IN SIBIROSAMINE: SYNTHESIS OF METHYL N‐TOLUENESULFONYL‐α‐D‐SIBIROSAMINOPYRANOSIDE
Authors: PARKER K. A. , BABINE R. E.
Published: April 2016

Aus dem früher beschriebenen Epoxid (I) erhält man das Methylierungsprodukt (II), das in der angegebenen Weise zu den Isomeren Pyranosiden (VII) und (X) bzw. (XIII) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SILYLATED DERIVATIVES OF ARABINONUCLEOSIDES
Authors: OGILVIE K. K. , HAKIMELAHI G. H. , PROBA Z. A. , MCGEE D. P. C.
Published: April 2016

Die Arabino‐Nucleoside (I) werden in Gegenwart von Silbernitrat zu Gemischen der isomeren Silylierungs‐Produkte (III) und (IV) umgesetzt.
ChemInform Abstract: TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF (‐)‐DOMOIC ACID. A REVISION OF THE ORIGINAL STRUCTURE
Authors: OHFUNE Y. , TOMITA M.
Published: April 2016

Die ursprünglich angenommene Struktur (I) von Domosäurewird, ausgehend von (III), durch eine Totalsynthese revidiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ENZYME‐CATALYZED TRANSHYDROGENATION BETWEEN NICOTINAMIDE COFACTORS AND ITS APPLICATION IN ORGANIC SYNTHESIS
Authors: WONG C.‐H. , WHITESIDES G. M.
Published: April 2016

Es werden drei praktische Systeme beschrieben, die eine Transhydrogenierung zwischen NAD(H)‐ und NADP(H)‐Cofaktoren bewirken [Gleichung (A)], und ihre Anwendung bei Problemen der praktischen Synthese wird demonstriert.
Bewegungsvorgänge von Partikeln im Taylor‐Couette‐System bei geringen Spaltbreiten
Authors: Sha Yujun , Pitz Michael , Fritz Jochen , Klemm Toni , Ripperger Siegfried
Published: April 2016

Das Partikelbewegungsverhalten im Spalt zwischen einem rotierenden Zylinder und einer feststehenden Hülse wurde bei kleiner Spaltbreite ohne Durchfluss simuliert. Es wurden verschiedene Partikelgrößen in turbulenter Strömung mit und ohne Taylor‐Wirbel betrachtet. Das Simulationsergebnis zeigt, dass das Partikelbewegungsverhalten nicht nur von der Stokes‐Zahl, sondern auch vom Strömungsverhalten des Fluids abhängig ist. Bei Unterbrechung der Förderung bei Kreiselpumpen kann man die Welle mit einer kleinen Winkelgeschwindigkeiten in Bewegung halten, um das Absinken der Partikeln durch das Taylor‐Couette‐System in den Motorraum zu vermeiden.
Permeabilization activated reduction in fluorescence: A novel method to measure kinetics of protein interactions with intracellular structures
Authors: Singh Pali P. , Hawthorne Jenci L. , Davis Christie A. , Quintero Omar A.
Published: April 2016

Understanding kinetic information is fundamental in understanding biological function. Advanced imaging technologies have fostered the development of kinetic analyses in cells. We have developed Permeabilization Activated Reduction in Fluorescence (PARF) analysis for determination of apparent t1/2 and immobile fraction, describing the dissociation of a protein of interest from intracellular structures. To create conditions where dissociation events are observable, cells expressing a fluorescently‐tagged protein are permeabilized with digitonin, diluting the unbound protein into the extracellular media. As the media volume is much larger than the cytosolic volume, the concentration of the unbound pool decreases drastically, shifting the system out of equilibrium, favoring dissociation events. Loss of bound protein is observed as loss of fluorescence from intracellular structures and can be fit to an exponential decay. We compared PARF dissociation kinetics with previously published equilibrium kinetics as determined by FRAP. PARF dissociation rates agreed with the equilibrium‐based FRAP analysis predictions of the magnitude of those rates. When used to investigate binding kinetics of a panel of cytoskeletal proteins, PARF analysis revealed that filament stabilization resulted in slower fluorescence loss. Additionally, commonly used “general” F‐actin labels display differences in kinetic properties, suggesting that not all fluorescently‐tagged actin labels interact with the actin network in the same way. We also observed differential dissociation kinetics for GFP‐VASP depending on which cellular structure was being labeled. These results demonstrate that PARF analysis of non‐equilibrium systems reveals kinetic information without the infrastructure investment required for other quantitative approaches such as FRAP, photoactivation, or in vitro reconstitution assays. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A systems BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure: rationale, design, and baseline characteristics of BIOSTAT‐CHF
Authors: Voors Adriaan A. , Anker Stefan D. , Cleland John G. , Dickstein Kenneth , Filippatos Gerasimos , van der Harst Pim , Hillege Hans L. , Lang Chim C. , ter Maaten Jozine M. , Ng Leong , Ponikowski Piotr , Samani Nilesh J. , van Veldhuisen Dirk J. , Zannad Faiz , Zwinderman Aeilko H. , Metra Marco
Published: April 2016

Aims

Despite major improvements in pharmacological and device treatments, heart failure remains a syndrome with high morbidity and mortality, poor quality of life, and high health‐care costs. Given the extensive heterogeneity among patients with heart failure, substantial differences in the response to therapy can be expected. We hypothesize that individualized therapy is an essential next step to improve outcomes in patients with heart failure.

Methods

The BIOlogy Study to TAilored Treatment in Chronic Heart Failure (BIOSTAT‐CHF) included 2516 patients with worsening signs and/or symptoms of heart failure from 11 European countries, who were considered to be on suboptimal medical treatment. Another 1738 patients from Scotland were included in a validation cohort. Overall, both patient cohorts were well matched. The majority of patients were hospitalized for acute heart failure, and the remainder presented with worsening signs and/or symptoms of heart failure at outpatient clinics. Approximately half of the patients were in New York Heart Association class III, and 7% vs 34% of patients of the index vs validation cohort had heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. According to study design, all patients used diuretics, but owing to the inclusion criteria of both cohorts, patients were not on optimal, evidence‐based medical therapy. In the follow‐up phase, uptitration to guideline‐recommended doses was encouraged.

Conclusion

By using a novel systems biology approach, incorporating demographics, biomarkers, genome‐wide analysis, and proteomics, a model that predicts response to therapy will be developed, which should be instrumental in developing alternative therapies for patients with suboptimal response to currently recommended therapies and thus further improve care for patients with heart failure.
Prognostic significance of endogenous erythropoietin in long‐term outcome of patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Nagai Toshiyuki , Nishimura Kunihiro , Honma Takehiro , Higashiyama Aya , Sugano Yasuo , Nakai Michikazu , Honda Satoshi , Iwakami Naotsugu , Okada Atsushi , Kawakami Shoji , Kanaya Tomoaki , Asaumi Yasuhide , Aiba Takeshi , Nishida Yoko , Kubota Yoshimi , Sugiyama Daisuke , Okamura Tomonori , Noguchi Teruo , Kusano Kengo , Ogawa Hisao , Yasuda Satoshi , Anzai Toshihisa ,   on behalf of the NaDEF investigators
Published: April 2016

Aims

Although previous reports suggest that an elevated endogenous erythropoietin (EPO) level is associated with worse clinical outcomes in chronic heart failure (HF) patients, the prognostic implication of EPO in patients with acute decompensated HF (ADHF) and underlying mechanisms of the high EPO level in severe HF patients who have a poor prognosis remain unclear.

Methods and results

We examined 539 consecutive ADHF patients with EPO measurement on admission from our registry. During a median follow‐up period of 329 days, a higher EPO level on admission was independently associated with worse clinical outcomes [hazard ratio (HR) 1.25, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.06–1.48, P = 0.008], and haemoglobin level was the strongest determinant of EPO level (P < 0.001), whereas estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was not significant in multivariate regression analysis. In the anaemic subgroup of 318 patients, a higher EPO level than expected on the basis of their haemoglobin level was related to increased adverse events (HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.05–2.49, P = 0.028). Moreover, estimated plasma volume excess rate was positively associated with EPO level (P = 0.003), and anaemic patients with a higher than expected EPO level tended to have a higher estimated plasma volume excess rate and plasma lactate level, and lower systemic oxygen saturation level with the preservation of the reticulocyte production index than those with a lower than expected EPO level.

Conclusion

A high EPO level predicts long‐term worse clinical outcomes in ADHF patients, independent of anaemia and impaired renal function. Anaemia and hypoxia due to severe congestion may synergistically contribute to a high EPO level in high‐risk HF patients.
Human plasmacytoid dendritic cells elicit a Type I Interferon response by sensing DNA via the cGAS‐STING signaling pathway
Authors: Bode Christian , Fox Mario , Tewary Poonam , Steinhagen Almut , Ellerkmann Richard K. , Klinman Dennis , Baumgarten Georg , Hornung Veit , Steinhagen Folkert
Published: April 2016

Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) are a major source of type I interferon (IFN) and are important for host defense by sensing microbial DNA via TLR9. pDCs also play a critical role in the pathogenesis of IFN‐driven autoimmune diseases. Yet, this autoimmune reaction is caused by the recognition of self‐DNA and has been linked to TLR9‐independent pathways. Increasing evidence suggests that the cytosolic DNA receptor cyclic GMP‐AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) is a critical component in the detection of pathogens and contributes to autoimmune diseases. It has been shown that binding of DNA to cGAS results in the synthesis of cGAMP and the subsequent activation of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING) adaptor to induce IFNs. Our results show that the cGAS‐STING pathway is expressed and activated in human pDCs by cytosolic DNA leading to a robust type I IFN response. Direct activation of STING by cyclic dinucleotides including cGAMP also activated pDCs and knockdown of STING abolished this IFN response. These results suggest that pDCs sense cytosolic DNA and cyclic dinucleotides via the cGAS‐STING pathway and that targeting this pathway could be of therapeutic interest.
FOXN1 recombinant protein enhances T‐cell regeneration after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in mice
Authors: Song Yinhong , Su Min , Zhu Jing , Di Wen , Liu Yalan , Hu Rong , Rood Debra , Lai Laijun
Published: April 2016

A prolonged period of T‐cell recovery is the major challenge in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Thymic epithelial cells (TECs) are the major component of the thymic microenvironment for T‐cell generation. However, TECs undergo degeneration over time. FOXN1 plays a critical role in TEC development and is required to maintain adult TECs for thymopoiesis. To investigate the potential application of FOXN1, we have cloned and expressed recombinant FOXN1 protein (rFOXN1) that was fused with cell‐penetrating peptides. We show here that the rFOXN1 protein can translocate from the cell surface into the cytoplasm and nucleus. Administration of rFOXN1 into both congenic and allogeneic HSCT recipient mice increased the number of TECs, resulting in enhanced thymopoiesis that led to an increased number of functional T cells in the periphery. The increased number of TECs is due to the enhanced survival and proliferation of TECs. Our results suggest that rFOXN1 has the potential to be used in enhancing T‐cell regeneration in patients following HSCT.
Carboxylic acid ester hydrolysis rate constants for food and beverage aroma compounds
Authors: Rayne Sierra , Forest Kaya
Published: April 2016

Aroma compounds in the Flavornet database were screened for potentially hydrolysable carboxylic acid ester functionalities. Of 738 aroma compounds listed in this database, 140 molecules contain carboxylic acid ester groups that may be amenable to hydrolysis in various food and beverage products. Acid‐ (kA) and base‐ (kB) catalysed and neutral (kN) hydrolysis rate constants in pure water at 25°C were calculated for these aroma compounds. Where available, good agreement between theoretical and experimental hydrolytic half‐lives was obtained at various pH values. Wide ranges and broad frequency distributions for kA, kB, and kN are expected among the various hydrolyzable aroma compounds, with calculated kA ranging from 3.7 × 10‐8 to 4.7 × 10‐4 M‐1 s‐1, calculated kB ranging from 4.3 × 10‐4 to 43 M‐1 s‐1, and calculated kN ranging from 4.2 × 10‐17 to 7.6 × 10‐9 M‐1 s‐1. The resulting hydrolytic half‐lives also range widely, from 10 days to 370 years at pH 2.8, 18 days to 4,900 years at pH 4.0, 1.8 days to 470 years at pH 7.0, and 26 minutes to 5.1 years at pH 9.0. The findings illustrate the importance of considering abiotic hydrolysis and matrix pH when modelling the evolution of sensory characteristics for foods and beverages with carboxylic acid ester based aroma compounds. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mineralogy and geochemistry of sands along the Manzanillo and El Carrizal beach areas, southern Mexico: implications for palaeoweathering, provenance and tectonic setting
Authors: Armstrong‐Altrin John S. , Lee Yong Il , Kasper‐Zubillaga Juan J. , Trejo‐Ramírez Elisandra
Published: April 2016

The provenance of sands from the Manzanillo (MN) and El Carrizal (CAR) beach areas along the Mexican Pacific coast (southern Mexico) was investigated based on their modal composition, mineralogy and geochemical data. The average quartz, feldspar and lithic fragment (QFL) ratios revealed that the proportion of quartz is higher in CAR sands than in MN sands. In comparison with MN, the CAR sands are enriched in SiO2 content with higher SiO2/Al2O3 ratio indicating that sediment recycling is greatest for the CAR sands. The variation in K2O/Al2O3 and Na2O/K2O ratios between the MN and CAR sands specified a difference in the relative proportion of plagioclase. The chemical index of alteration (CIA) and Plagioclase Index of Alteration (PIA) values revealed a moderate weathering intensity in the source areas. The MN sands are characterized by a low degree of rare earth element (REE) fractionation (LaCN/YbCN = ~6–7), whereas the CAR sands define fractionated REE patterns (LaCN/YbCN = ~8.8–16.8). The fractionated REE pattern with elevated total low REE (∑LREE) content of the CAR sands suggested that sediment sorting is higher for the CAR than MN sands. Small negative and positive Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = ~0.91–1.23) of MN sands indicated the derivation of sediments from felsic‐intermediate source rocks. The CAR sands showed higher concentration of ∑LREE than total heavy REE (∑HREE) and characterized by a significant negative Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu* = ~0.46–0.78), suggested that the source rock is felsic type. The result obtained by the comparison of REE patterns of the beach sands to the probable source rocks is also consistent with this observation. The compositional differences identified between the MN and CAR beach areas suggested that longshore current in the mixing and homogenization of sands is not significant. The new tectonic discriminant‐function‐based multidimensional diagrams showed an arc setting (active) for the MN sands and a rift setting (passive) for the CAR sands, which is consistent with the regional geology of southern Mexico. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The atlas network: a “strategic ally” of the tobacco industry
Authors: Smith Julia , Thompson Sheryl , Lee Kelley
Published: April 2016

Amid growing academic and policy interest in the influence of think tanks in public policy processes, this article demonstrates the extent of tobacco industry partnerships with think tanks in the USA, and analyzes how collaborating with a network of think tanks facilitated tobacco industry influence in public health policy. Through analysis of documents from tobacco companies and think tanks, we demonstrate that the Atlas Economic Research Foundation, a network of 449 free market think tanks, acted as a strategic ally to the tobacco industry throughout the 1990s. Atlas headquarters, while receiving donations from the industry, also channeled funding from tobacco corporations to think tank actors to produce publications supportive of industry positions. Thirty‐seven per cent of Atlas partner think tanks in the USA received funding from the tobacco industry; the majority of which were also listed as collaborators on public relations strategies or as allies in countering tobacco control efforts. By funding multiple think tanks, within a shared network, the industry was able to generate a conversation among independent policy experts, which reflected its position in tobacco control debates. This demonstrates a coherent strategy by the tobacco industry to work with Atlas to influence public health policies from multiple directions. There is a need for critical analysis of the influence of think tanks in tobacco control and other health policy sectors, as well as greater transparency of their funding and other links to vested interests. © 2016 The Authors The International Journal of Health Planning and Management Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
Hydrological alterations from water infrastructure development in the Mekong floodplains
Authors: Dang Thanh Duc , Cochrane Thomas A. , Arias Mauricio E. , Van Pham Dang Tri , de Vries Tonny T.
Published: April 2016

The Mekong floodplains, which encompasses the region from Kratie Township in Central Cambodia to the Vietnamese East Sea, is a region of globally renown agricultural productivity and biodiversity. The construction of 135 dams across the Mekong basin and the development of delta‐based flood prevention systems have caused public concern given possible threats on the stability of agricultural and ecological systems in the floodplains. Mekong dams store water upstream and regulate flow seasonality, while in situ flood prevention systems re‐distribute water retention capacity in the floodplains. The main aim of this paper is to evaluate possible impacts of the recent development of both hydropower dams and flood prevention systems on hydrological regimes in the Mekong floodplains. An analysis of measured daily and hourly water level data for key stations in the Mekong floodplains from Kratie to the river mouth in Vietnam was conducted. Hydropower dam information was obtained from the hydropower database managed by the Mekong River Commission, and the MODIS satellite imagery was used to detect changes in flooding extent related to the operation of flood prevention systems in the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Results indicate that the upper part of the floodplains, the Cambodian floodplains, may buffer upstream dam impacts to the Vietnam Mekong Delta. Flood prevention up to date has had the greatest effect on the natural hydrological regime of the Mekong floodplains, evidenced by a significant increase of water level rise and fall rates in the upper delta and causing water levels in the middle delta to increase. The development of flood prevention systems has also effected spatial distribution of flooding as indicated via a time series analysis of satellite imagery. While this development leads to increase localized agricultural productivity, our historical data analysis indicates that development of one region detrimentally affects other regions within the delta, which could increase the risk of future conflicts among regions, economic sectors and the ecological value of these important floodplains. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Biocompatibility versus peritoneal mesothelial cells of polypropylene prostheses for hernia repair, coated with a thin silica/silver layer
Authors: Muzio Giuliana , Perero Sergio , Miola Marta , Oraldi Manuela , Ferraris Sara , Vernè Enrica , Festa Federico , Canuto Rosa Angela , Festa Valentino , Ferraris Monica
Published: April 2016

Hernias are generally repaired using synthetic prostheses. Infection may already be present or develop during implantation. Based on the increasing resistance to antibiotics, and the well‐known antimicrobial properties of silver (Ag), the possibility of coating hernia prostheses with a nanostructured layer containing Ag was explored. Prostheses (Clear Mesh Composite [CMC]) made up of two polypropylene layers (macroporous light mesh and thin transparent film) were tested with human mesothelial cells from omentum biopsies. Mesotheliocytes modulate abdominal wall healing producing cytokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules. Evaluating the growth of these cells on CMC or film alone showed that cell numbers on CMC increased over time, and were higher than those on film alone. Vimentin immunostaining confirmed the cells to be mesotheliocytes. Subsequently, the biocompatibility of mesh layer, coated or not with a thin layer of Ag/SiO2‐nanoclusters, was analyzed, showing no difference in absence or presence of Ag/SiO2. Differently, TGF‐β2 production, involved in tissue repair and fibrosis, increased in the presence of Ag/SiO2. Moreover, Ag/SiO2‐coated mesh showed antibacterial properties. In conclusion, the mesh layer coated with Ag/SiO2 afforded cell growth, and showed antibacterial activity. Coating only the mesh layer did not decrease film transparency, and did not favor the formation of adhesions on the visceral side. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 105B: 1586–1593, 2017.
Prevalence and Demographic Correlates of Alexithymia: A Comparison Between Australian Psychiatric and Community Samples
Authors: McGillivray Lauren , Becerra Rodrigo , Harms Craig
Published: April 2016

Objectives

A cross‐sectional empirical design was used to compare differences in alexithymia between Australian psychiatric and community samples and examine the influence of sample type on the relation between alexithymia and psychological distress.

Method

Psychiatric outpatients (N = 151) and a convenience sample of the general community (N = 216) completed questionnaires measuring alexithymia and psychological distress.

Results

Alexithymia was several times more prevalent in the psychiatric sample than the community sample. While the psychiatric sample reported greater psychological distress, no difference was found in the strength of the association between alexithymia and psychological distress between the study samples.

Conclusion

These findings emphasize the pervasive problem alexithymia presents within the Australian psychiatric population and the importance of increasing recognition of alexithymia for the future research about and treatment of psychiatric patients.
A Facile, Atom‐Economical, and One‐Pot Pseudo Four‐Component Synthesis of Isoxazolylspiro[diindeno[1,2‐b;2′,1′‐e]pyridine‐11,3′‐indoline]‐2′,10,12‐triones Catalyzed by pTSA
Authors: Rajanarendar Eligeti , Thirupathaiah Kammari , Ramakrishna Saini , Nagaraju Dharavath , Kishore Baireddy
Published: April 2016

A facile, atom‐economical, and one‐pot pseudo four‐component method for the synthesis of isoxazolylspiro[diindeno[1,2‐b;2′,1′‐e]pyridine‐11,3′‐indoline]‐2′,10,12‐trione derivatives (14) is described. Prominent advantages of this new method are operational simplicity, excellent yields with high purity, short reaction time, easy workup, and mild conditions.
A Two‐Step Method Based on Micromechanical Models to Predict the Young's Modulus of Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Zare Yasser
Published: April 2016

A two‐step method is suggested to predict the Young's modulus of polymer nanocomposites assuming the interphase between polymer matrix and nanoparticles. At first, nanoparticles and their surrounding interphase are assumed as effective particles with core–shell structure and their modulus is predicted. At the next step, the effective particles are taken into account as a dispersed phase in polymer matrix and the modulus of composites is calculated. The predictions of the two‐step method are compared with the experimental data in absence and presence of interphase and also, the influences of nanoparticles size as well as interphase thickness and modulus on the Young's modulus of nanocomposites are explored. The predictions of the suggested model show good agreement with the experimental data by proper ranges of interphase properties. Moreover, the interphase thickness and modulus straightly affect the modulus of nanocomposites. Also, smaller nanoparticles create a higher level of modulus for nanocomposites, due to the large surface area at interface and the strong interfacial interaction between polymer matrix and nanoparticles.

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Electrospun Differential Wetting Membranes for Efficient Oil–Water Separation
Authors: Ganesh Venkatesan Anand , Ranganath Anupama Sargur , Baji Avinash , Wong Him Cheng , Raut Hemant Kumar , Sahay Rahul , Ramakrishna Seeram
Published: April 2016

Separation of low viscous oil from water has attracted immense attention in recent times due to the ever‐increasing amount of oily industrial wastewater discharge and frequent oil spill accidents. Hence, there is a persistent demand for the fabrication of robust oil–water separation membranes. Herein, robust oil–water separation membranes are successfully fabricated by direct electrospinning of poly(vinylidene fluoride‐co‐hexafluoropropylene) and fluorinated polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane composite mixture. These hybrid membranes exhibit differential wetting (highly hydrophobic/superoleophilic) behavior for water and oil. The contact angle made by water and low viscous oil (hexane) with the membrane are measured to be 145 and 0° respectively. The nanofiber membranes efficiently separate low viscous oil from water in a single‐step with separation efficiency of nearly 100%. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that the membranes are robust and durable exhibiting differential wettability even after several oil–water separation cycles. The results reveal the potential of their use for real‐time industrial wastewater treatment applications.

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A Highly Stretchable Polymer that Can Be Thermally Healed at Mild Temperature
Authors: Jia Xiao‐Yong , Mei Jin‐Feng , Lai Jian‐Cheng , Li Cheng‐Hui , You Xiao‐Zeng
Published: April 2016

Combining stretchability and self‐healing properties in a man‐made material is a challenging task. For an efficient self‐healing material, weaker dynamic or reversible bonds should be presented as crosslinks so that they will first break upon damage and then reform after healing, which is not favorable when developing elastic materials. In this work, by incorporating dynamic Fe(III)‐triazole coordination bonds into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) backbone, a highly elastic polymer is obtained that can be thermally healed at mild temperature. The as‐prepared polymer can be stretched to 3400% strain at low loading speed (1 mm min–1). When damaged, the polymer can be thermally healed at 60 °C for 20 h with a healing efficiency of over 90%. The good mechanical and healable properties of this polymer can be ascribed to the unique coordination bond strength and coordination conformation of Fe(III)‐triazole coordination complex.

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Advances in surgery for movement disorders
Authors: Rowland Nathan C. , Sammartino Francesco , Lozano Andres M.
Published: April 2016

Movement disorder surgery has evolved throughout history as our knowledge of motor circuits and ways in which to manipulate them have expanded. Today, the positive impact on patient quality of life for a growing number of movement disorders such as Parkinson's disease is now well accepted and confirmed through several decades of randomized, controlled trials. Nevertheless, residual motor symptoms after movement disorder surgery such as deep brain stimulation and lack of a definitive cure for these conditions demand that advances continue to push the boundaries of the field and maximize its therapeutic potential. Similarly, advances in related fields — wireless technology, artificial intelligence, stem cell and gene therapy, neuroimaging, nanoscience, and minimally invasive surgery — mean that movement disorder surgery stands at a crossroads to benefit from unique combinations of all these developments. In this minireview, we outline some of these developments as well as evidence supporting topics of recent discussion and controversy in our field. Moving forward, expectations remain high that these improvements will come to encompass an even broader range of patients who might benefit from this therapy and decrease the burden of disease associated with these conditions. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Prevalence of anxiety in Parkinson's disease: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Broen Martijn P. G. , Narayen Nadia E. , Kuijf Mark L. , Dissanayaka Nadeeka N. W. , Leentjens Albert F. G.
Published: April 2016

Objective

Prevalence rates of anxiety disorders in Parkinson's disease (PD) vary widely, ranging from 6% up to 55%. The aim of this systematic review was to calculate the average point prevalence of anxiety disorders and clinically relevant anxiety symptoms in PD.

Methods

Using PubMed, we carried out a systematic literature search for studies reportingDiagnostic and Statistical Manual–defined anxiety disorders or clinically relevant anxiety symptoms assessed by an anxiety rating scale.

Results

A total of 49 articles were included and assessed for quality, and 45 articles fulfilled the quality criteria. The average point prevalence of anxiety disorders in PD was 31%, with nonepisodic anxiety being more prevalent than episodic anxiety. Generalized anxiety disorder was the most frequent in 14%, followed by social phobia (13.8%), anxiety not otherwise specified (13.3%), and specific phobia (13.0%). Panic disorder with or without phobia was present in 6.8% of PD patients. Of the patients, 31% fulfilled the criteria for current multiple anxiety disorders. Based on anxiety rating scale cutoff scores, clinically significant anxiety symptoms were present in a weighted average of 25.7%.

Conclusion

This systematic review confirms that anxiety, although often unrecognized, is very common and highlights the need for efficient identification of anxiety in PD. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society
Action of naftopidil on spinal serotonergic neurotransmission for inhibition of the micturition reflex in rats
Authors: Sugaya Kimio , Nishijima Saori , Kadekawa Katsumi , Ashitomi Katsuhiro , Ueda Tomoyuki , Yamamoto Hideyuki , Hattori Tsuyoshi
Published: April 2016

Aims

We examined the mechanism of action of naftopidil, an α1D/A blocker, on spinal descending serotonergic neurotransmission for the micturition reflex.

Methods

We examined (1) urinary 5‐hydroxyindole acetic acid (5‐HIAA) after intraperitoneal administration of saline, para‐chlorophenylalanine (PCPA; a serotonin synthetic enzyme inhibitor), and/or 5‐hydroxytryptophan (5‐HTP; a serotonin precursor); (2) isovolumetric cystometry after intraperitoneal administration of saline, PCPA, and/or 5‐HTP and intravenous injection of naftopidil; and (3) isovolumetric cystometry before and after intrathecal administration of serotonin (5‐HT) receptor antagonists and intravenous injection of naftopidil.

Results

PCPA decreased and 5‐HTP increased urinary 5‐HIAA/creatinine. Intraperitoneal injection of PCPA did not influence cystometric parameters. Intraperitoneal injection of 5‐HTP significantly shortened the interval between bladder contractions. Intravenous injection of naftopidil transiently abolished bladder contractions. However, the duration of abolishment of bladder contractions after injection of naftopidil in rats given PCPA was significantly shorter than that in rats given vehicle, but significantly longer than that in rats given PCPA and 5‐HTP. Intrathecal injection of 5‐HT1B, 5‐HT3, or 5‐HT7 receptor antagonists significantly prolonged the interval between bladder contractions. Intrathecal injection of 5‐HT1D or 5‐HT2B receptor antagonists significantly shortened the interval between bladder contractions. Combined administration of the maximum non‐effective dose of 5‐HT1D, 5‐HT2A, 5‐HT2B, 5‐HT2C, or 5‐HT3 receptor antagonists and intravenous injection of naftopidil significantly shortened the duration of abolishment of bladder contraction compared to intravenous injection of naftopidil alone.

Conclusions

Naftopidil may inhibit the micturition reflex via 5‐HT1D, 5‐HT2A, 5‐HT2B, 5‐HT2C, and 5‐HT3 receptors in the spinal cord. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:604–609, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Validation of a strategy for harbor defense based on the use of a min‐max algorithm receding horizon control law
Authors: Foraker Joseph , Lee Seungho , Polak Elijah
Published: April 2016

We present a validation of a centralized feedback control law for robotic or partially robotic water craft whose task is to defend a harbor from an intruding fleet of water craft. Our work was motivated by the need to provide harbor defenses against hostile, possibly suicidal intruders, preferably using unmanned craft to limit potential casualties. Our feedback control law is a sample‐data receding horizon control law, which requires the solution of a complex max‐min problem at the start of each sample time. In developing this control law, we had to deal with three challenges. The first was to develop a max‐min problem that captures realistically the nature of the defense‐intrusion game. The second was to ensure the solution of this max‐min problem can be accomplished in a small fraction of the sample time that would be needed to control a possibly fast moving craft. The third, to which this article is dedicated, was to validate the effectiveness of our control law first through computer simulations pitting a computer against a computer or a computer against a human, then through the use of model hovercraft in a laboratory, and finally on the Chesapeake Bay, using Yard Patrol boats. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics 63: 247–259, 2016
Immobilization of Cellulase on Magnetic Nanocarriers
Authors: Roth Hans‐Christian , Schwaminger Sebastian P. , Peng Fei , Berensmeier Sonja
Published: April 2016

The constant increase in the number of sustainable products on the global markets demands new biotechnological processing strategies such as the purification and recovery of biocatalysts. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles exhibit excellent recovery properties as carrier materials in enzyme catalysis. We present the simple and fast electrostatic assembly of cellulase (CEL) and low‐priced silica‐coated magnetic nanoparticles, which demonstrates stable enzyme bonding and excellent colloidal stability. The high CEL loading (0.43 g g−1), without leaching of biocatalyst and high recovery yields (75 %), could be sustained over ten magnetic recycling steps. The highlight of this study is the preservation of a high enzymatic activity and, therefore, the outstandingly high lifecycle stability.
Positive predictive values of selected hospital discharge diagnoses to identify infections responsible for hospitalization in the French national hospital database
Authors: Sahli Line , Lapeyre‐Mestre Maryse , Derumeaux Hélène , Moulis Guillaume
Published: April 2016

Purpose

The identification of infections in electronic health databases is a key issue for pharmacoepidemiology research. The aim of this study was to assess the positive predictive values (PPVs) of hospitalizations for infection in the Système National d'Information Inter‐régimes de l'Assurance Maladie, that is the electronic database recording in‐and‐out hospital data for the entire French population (66 million inhabitants).

Methods

The source of data was the database of hospitalizations (Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Informations) of Toulouse University hospital, South of France (2880 beds). Among all hospital stays between September and December 2014, we randomly selected 100 stays with an International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision code of infection as primary diagnosis and 100 as related diagnosis. Medical charts were reviewed to assess the PPV of infection codes, as well as the PPV of correct coding of infection type among the true positive cases.

Results

The PPVs of codes of infection as reason for hospitalization were 0.97, 95% confidence interval (CI) [0.93–1.00] for primary diagnosis codes and 0.70, 95% CI [0.61–0.71] for related diagnosis codes. Among the true positive cases, the PPVs of correct coding of the type of infection were, respectively, 0.98, 95% CI [0.95–1.00] and 0.93, 95% CI [0.88–0.98].

Conclusions

Hospitalizations for infection codes have very good PPVs in the Programme de Médicalisation des Systèmes d'Informations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The clinical trajectory of patients with borderline personality disorder
Authors: Kjær Jesper Nørgaard , Biskin Robert , Vestergaard Claus , Gustafsson Lea Nørgreen , Munk‐Jørgensen Povl
Published: April 2016

Objective

The epidemiological data on the diagnostic course of patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is limited. We used a nationwide register to investigate the diagnostic stability and changes over time.

Method

The Danish nationwide registers were used to follow all patients with a diagnosis of BPD and investigate their first‐ever psychiatric diagnosis and their latest diagnosis in the time period of 1995–2012. From this, we found the diagnostic stability and described the diagnostic changes.

Results

A total of 10 786 patients diagnosed with BPD were identified. The prospective diagnostic stabilities were 37% for females and 25% for males, and retrospective stabilities were 20% for females and 22% for males. More than 60% of patients received other diagnoses than BPD as their first‐ever diagnosis. Stress‐related (17%) and depressive disorders (14%) were most frequent as first‐ever diagnosis. The latest diagnosis remained BPD in nearly half of females and one third of males, followed by schizophrenia, notably for those with longer follow‐up and males.

Conclusion

This study gives a detailed display of complicated clinical trajectories. The low diagnostic stabilities demonstrate a heterogenous patient group diagnosed with many other psychiatric diagnoses over time. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
State‐of‐the‐art housekeeping proteins for quantitative western blotting: Revisiting the first draft of the human proteome
Authors: Lee Hyun‐Gwan , Jo Jihoon , Hong Hyun‐Hee , Kim Kee K. , Park Joong‐Ki , Cho Sung‐Jin , Park Chungoo
Published: April 2016

Western blotting (WB) analysis is the most popular and widely used methodology for protein detection and characterization over recent decades. In accordance with the advancement of the technologies for the acquisition of WB signals, a quantitative value is used to present the abundance of target proteins in a complex sample, thereby requiring the use of specific proteins as internal references that represent total proteins. Heretofore, proteins encoded by housekeeping genes such as GAPDH, β‐tubulin and β‐actin have been commonly used as loading controls without any hesitation because their mRNA expression levels tend to be high and constant in many different cells and tissues. Experimentally, however, some of the housekeeping reference proteins are often displayed with inconsistent expression levels in both homogeneous and heterogeneous tissues, and, in terms of mRNA levels, they have a weak correlation to the abundance of proteins. To estimate accurate, reliable, and reproducible protein quantifications, it is crucial to define appropriate reference controls. For this paper, we explored the recently released large‐scale, human proteomic database ProteomicsDB including 16 857 liquid chromatography tandem‐mass‐spectrometry data from 27 human tissues, and suggest 20 ubiquitously‐ and constitutively‐expressed, putative internal‐reference controls for the quantification of differential protein expressions. Intriguingly, the most commonly used, known housekeeping genes were entirely excluded in our newly defined candidates. Although the applications of the candidates under many different biological conditions and in other organisms are yet to be empirically verified, we propose reliable, potential loading controls for a WB analysis in this paper.
Proteomics goes forensic: Detection and mapping of blood signatures in fingermarks
Authors: Deininger Lisa , Patel Ekta , Clench Malcolm R. , Sears Vaughn , Sammon Chris , Francese Simona
Published: April 2016

A bottom up in situ proteomic method has been developed enabling the mapping of multiple blood signatures on the intact ridges of blood fingermarks by Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption Mass Spectrometry Imaging (MALDI‐MSI). This method, at a proof of concept stage, builds upon recently published work demonstrating the opportunity to profile and identify multiple blood signatures in bloodstains via a bottom up proteomic approach. The present protocol addresses the limitation of the previously developed profiling method with respect to destructivity; destructivity should be avoided for evidence such as blood fingermarks, where the ridge detail must be preserved in order to provide the associative link between the biometric information and the events of bloodshed. Using a blood mark reference model, trypsin concentration and spraying conditions have been optimised within the technical constraints of the depositor eventually employed; the application of MALDI‐MSI and Ion Mobility MS have enabled the detection, confirmation and visualisation of blood signatures directly onto the ridge pattern. These results are to be considered a first insight into a method eventually informing investigations (and judicial debates) of violent crimes in which the reliable and non‐destructive detection and mapping of blood in fingermarks is paramount to reconstruct the events of bloodshed.
Development of a Design Methodology Against Fast Cook‐Off Threat for Insensitive Munitions
Authors: Sahin Hakan , Narin Bekir , Kurtulus D. Funda
Published: April 2016

This work provides a design methodology for a typical energetic system to get Type V insensitive munition (IM) response against fast cook‐off threat. Experimental and numerical results for a generic test item filled with PBXN‐109 explosive are presented. Two key aspects of IM design against fast cook‐off threat are investigated, which are “time‐to‐reaction” and “critical ventilation area”. By dividing the problem to pre‐ignition and post‐ignition, the complexity of the problem is reduced. The first part of the study covers two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional simulations of the problem, where the generic test item is modelled using commercial CFD software (ANSYS – Fluent). The second part of the study reveals low pressure (2–10 MPa) burning characteristics of a PBXN‐109 by strand burner tests. After obtaining the pressure dependent burning rate, a conservation of mass equation is used to determine the chamber pressure using MATLAB Simulink software. Calculations are in reasonable agreement with the experimental results. Calculations are compared with the tests performed. The results are in reasonable agreement with some discrepancies of 8.9 % for time to reaction prediction and of 10.9 % for ventilation characteristics analyses. Possible reasons of these differences are discussed.
High Performance, Low Sensitivity: Conflicting or Compatible?
Authors: Politzer Peter , Murray Jane S.
Published: April 2016

Some general guidelines and specific molecular/crystalline features for promoting a high level of detonation performance in conjunction with low sensitivity are proposed. A key point is that a large detonation heat release should be avoided; it is undesirable with respect to sensitivity and it is not required in terms of performance.
Insensitive High Explosives II: 3,3′‐Diamino‐4,4′‐azoxyfurazan (DAAF)
Authors: Koch Ernst‐Christian
Published: April 2016

This paper reviews the synthesis, properties, performance, and safety of the insensitive explosive 3,3′‐diamino‐4,4′‐azoxyfurazan (DAAF, C4H4N8O3), CAS‐No. [78644‐89‐0], and 18 formulations based on it. Though having a moderate crystal density only, DAAF offers high positive heat of formation and hence superior performance when compared with TATB. It is friction and impact insensitive but is more sensitive to shock than TATB and has an exceptionally small critical diameter and performs very well at low temperatures unlike other insensitive explosives. 39 references to the public domain are given. For Part I see Ref. [1].
Metal binding affinity and structural properties of calmodulin‐like protein 14 from Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Vallone Rosario , La Verde Valentina , D'Onofrio Mariapina , Giorgetti Alejandro , Dominici Paola , Astegno Alessandra
Published: April 2016

In addition to the well‐known Ca2+ sensor calmodulin, plants possess many calmodulin‐like proteins (CMLs) that are predicted to have specific roles in the cell. Herein, we described the biochemical and biophysical characterization of recombinant Arabidopsis thaliana CML14. We applied isothermal titration calorimetry to analyze the energetics of Ca2+ and Mg2+ binding to CML14, and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, together with intrinsic and ANS‐based fluorescence, to evaluate the structural effects of metal binding and metal‐induced conformational changes. Furthermore, differential scanning calorimetry and limited proteolysis were used to characterize protein thermal and local stability. Our data demonstrate that CML14 binds one Ca2+ ion with micromolar affinity (Kd ∼ 12 µM) and the presence of 10 mM Mg2+ decreases the Ca2+ affinity by ∼5‐fold. Although binding of Ca2+ to CML14 increases protein stability, it does not result in a more hydrophobic protein surface and does not induce the large conformational rearrangement typical of Ca2+ sensors, but causes only localized structural changes in the unique functional EF‐hand. Our data, together with a molecular modelling prediction, provide interesting insights into the biochemical properties of Arabidopsis CML14 and may be useful to direct additional studies aimed at understanding its physiological role.