bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On Delegating the Distribution Role of Central Government to State Governments Some Political Economy Issues
Authors: Sobhee Sanjeev
Published: September 2021

While empirical findings remain unsettled on whether greater fiscal decentralization would improve state level equity, there is no unique theoretical model that provides for such basis. Simultaneously, there is rather scant knowledge on the theoretical consequences of deepening fiscal federalism on the trade-off between efficiency and equity in delivering local public goods. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to bridge these gaps and develop a hypothetical scenario of ascertaining the effects of delegating conventional central government’s commitment to combat income inequality to statelevel governments instead. Our results unfold that devolvement of such responsibility may improve state level equity but at the expense of state level efficiency under specific circumstances. However, our findings are indeed susceptible to the magnitude of specific random events affecting local states relative to federal government and the degree of commitment of state governments. Further scenarios are discussed to track the endogeneity of local politicians and bureaucrats in this redistributive process. In particular, their strategic motives are found to yield contradictory, if not ambiguous, results that question out the entire issue of delegation.
Globalization and Global Governance: Four Paradigmatic Views
Authors: Ardalan Kavous
Published: September 2021

Any adequate analysis of global governance necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of global governance. This paper starts with the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. It argues that any view expressed with respect to global governance is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views expressed with respect to the nature and role of global governance. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of global governance from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of global governance, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for each paradigm to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms if they respect paradigm diversity
Nature and Roles of Popular Discontent in Institutional Dynamics from the Early to the Later Veblen
Authors: Pacella Andrea
Published: September 2021

The present work sets out to re-read Veblen on the nature and effect of popular opinion in the process of institutional evolution. We mainly want to show – contrary to much of the interpretative literature – that machine discipline is just one way, and not even the main one, that Veblen uses to explain how popular discontent is generated, and that the economic grounds underlying the process of modification of institutions can work only if it is free from any counteracting force and modification therefore does not necessarily derive from machine discipline. In these terms the technocratic reading of the role of the population in the process of institutional change is only partially convincing. In order to achieve this general goal we will show how and where Veblen actually deals with the question of popular discontent in his works and what role it plays.
Does the Monetarist Theory of Inflation Fit the Data? Time to Replace a ‘Paradigm’
Authors: Caraballo Jose
Published: September 2021

The belief that money growth causes inflation still influences economists and policymakers. Using VAR and co-integration techniques, we tested the empirical validity of monetarism as a theory of inflation from 1959 to 2011 in the US. We found that the monetarist theory does not fit the data. More strikingly, between 2008 and 2011 the monetary aggregate grew annually by 10% while the average of inflation remained at 1.3%. Given the lack of a strong relationship between money growth and inflation in the US, this paper supports a theory in which a high increase in purchasing power can generate inflation. With the same econometric technique, we found that this approach does consistently describe the inflation phenomenon consistently. That is, excessive credit can produce a high increase in demand that may not always be followed by an increase in real production, therefore creating inflationary pressures. These conclusions are robust to changes in specification. Under certain circumstances, this approach can be compatible with several schools of thought.
From Integrated Capitalism to Disintegrating Capitalism
Authors: Hanappi Hardy 
Published: September 2021

In the last decade significant changes in capitalism are appearing, it entered a new stage. After the political breakdown of Feudalism in World War 1 a stage of capitalism that aimed at integration of all parts of society was slowly developing. 15 years later the authoritarian regimes of national socialism, Fascism, intermitted the evolution of Integrated Capitalism. Since 1945 it flourished again, though its political governance on a global level in recent decades ran into more and more contradictions. After the deep economic crisis of 2008 a turning point towards authoritarian governance of capitalism – in particular in the USA – is evident. Since this type of new nationalist authoritarian capitalism destroys global integration it is called Disintegrating Capitalism. An immediate consequence of the global contradiction between worldwide interwoven production processes and rivalries between nationalist regimes is a rapidly rising danger of a third World War. The second, more speculative part of the paper explores possible forms, which this WW3 could take on. A conclusion provides some ideas on possibilities to react to war tensions.
A P* MODEL ANALYSIS OF I NFLATION IN PUE RTO RICO
Authors: Rodriguez Carlos A.
Published: September 2021

One can analyze and forecast the inflationary potential in the Puerto Rican e c onomy using the “P* model.” Given the nature of the monetary sector in Puerto Rico (PR), the model is put into the conte xt of variables from the m ainland United States (US). The results indicat e a long-run relationship b etween the m o n ey supply (M1) of the US and the pri ce level in PR, between M1 and real productio n in PR, and b etween M1 and the prime rate in PR. The implications for forecasting and p olicy are discu ssed.
Economic Law, Ethics, and Paradox Is There a Way Out?
Authors: Borruso Silvano
Published: September 2021

The author’s intention is to show that if economics is to become a social science, analysis has to start with the truth of things, continue with the virtue of justice, and end by assigning their rightful places to the approaches of the past 200-odd years: Liberal, Marxist, Austrian, ecclesial and Georgist-Gesellian. The argument hinges on the Land and Money questions, which modern economics persists in not addressing. Hence the rampant economic disorder. The modern State has been rendered impotent by the vested interests that have succeeded in keeping the two questions under wraps. Conventional solutions of economic problems are grossly defective for the same reason. Two men, neither of them an economist, did tackle the problems and solve them: Henry George (1839-97) and Silvio Gesell (1862- 1930). Their solutions: Free Land and Free Money would spell the end of landlordism and usury, thus ending multi-secular oppressions. Oppressors would no doubt put up a stiff resistance.
Coalition Governments Fiscal Implication for the Indian Economy
Authors: Lalvani Mala
Published: September 2021

The Indian polity has been through 43 coalition governments at the state level between 1966/67 and 1998/99. In the present study we attempt to examine what this change in form of government from single party to coalitions has meant for the economy. The results of our study which examines the post 1980 period give us reason to be optimistic. Coalitions at the state government level appear to have, on an average, done well to increase capital expenditures particularly capital expenditures on social services and other developmental categories. They have, however, not succeeded in taking politically hard decisions of curbing revenue expenditures and revenue deficits. It is our contention that the weak majority of coalition governments is their major strength. The tenuous hold of coalitions on power gives them a license for undertaking reforms. If the opportunity is taken to undertake the more ‘politically difficult’ reforms to prune revenue expenditures then the ‘era of coalitions’ would turn out to be a blessing in disguise for the Indian economy
MOVING MONETARY REFORM TO THE “FRONT BURNER”
Authors: Zarlenga Stephen
Published: September 2021

Entering the 3rd Millennium we face both great danger and opportunity. Unheard of wealth concentrates into very few, largely undeserving hands. Even in America, the richest country on Earth, people work harder and produce more than ever, yet increasingly fall into debt and bankruptcy, while predators plunder society by merely shuffling papers. Major corporations concentrate on profiting by misusing the money system, rather than with production. Such corruption is not sustainable or justifiable. The American Monetary Institute holds that the structure of the money system itself is at the root of the corruption and we promote reform to bring our monetary system into harmony with the nature of money.
EXCHANGE AND AUTHORITY THE MIXED ECONOMY
Authors: Reisman D. A.
Published: September 2021

Economics tends to concentrate on the market while politics is the study of governance and of leadership. The real world does not divide neatly along the lines that mark out the disciplines. The mixed economy, partly free enterprise and partly State management, is a case in point where trespass and synthesis are essential if an important real-world phenomenon is to be understood and, where appropriate, reshaped. This paper seeks to map out the mixed economy. It strives in that way to provide a framework for discourse that clarifies the choices open to public policy.
Bilateral Trade Elasticities Sweden Versus Her Major Trading Partners
Authors: Hatemi-J Abdulnasser ,   University of Örebro
Published: September 2021

This study explores the long-run bilateral trade elasticities between Sweden and its six major trading partners for the period 1960-1999. Tests for unit roots and cointegration in a panel perspective are conducted. The estimated cross sectional trade elasticities show that trade is highly sensitive to changes in income but less sensitive to real exchange rate fluctuations. The bilateral trade elasticities disclose that the MarshallLerner condition is not satisfied (except for Germany) and real depreciation of the Swedish currency has less favorable impact on the trade balance. The policy implications of our findings are also discussed.
PUBLIC OPINIONS OF THE IMPEACHMENT OF PRESIDENT WILLIAM JEFFERSON CLINTON A LOOK BACK
Authors: Enomoto Carl  E. ,   New Mexico State University
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to determine how gender, party affiliation, political views, age, race, education, income, attendance at religious services, and other such variables affected public opinions of President Clinton shortly after the release of the Starr report (and before the impeachment vote in the House of Representatives). Using data from a CBS NEWS / NEW YORK TIMES poll taken from September 12 to September 15, 1998, this study found the following: 1) Age had an effect on opinions concerning the Clinton scandal with younger individuals more likely to want the impeachment process to begin. This information provides some support for the Life-experience hypothesis. 2) Women were more likely to want Clinton to resign and less likely to want impeachment, which is perhaps consistent with the strong support Clinton had from women voters in the 1996 election. 3) Those with more education and income were more likely to want Clinton to resign and less likely to want impeachment, which is consistent with the resource hypothesis. 4) The combination of all attributes and individual characteristics determine how final opinions are established concerning resignation, impeachment, and dropping the matter.
The Political Economy of Sub-Saharan Africa Land Policies
Authors: Hammond Felix Nikoi ,   Ghana Ministry of Lands and Forestry,   University of Wolverhampton
Published: September 2021

The quest for African poverty alleviation has become a global issue and governments of rich nations have registered their commitment to the task both through the Millennium Development Goals and other international programs. While poverty is endemic in Africa, extant policies that continue to dictate proceedings in the land sectors of most African nations have been constructed in a way that concentrate benefits and wealth on a few while spreading costs and poverty on a larger segment of the African population. These policies which continue to impose greater restrictions on poverty alleviation have emanated from the peculiar political and economic history of Africa. An understanding of how these political events continue to shape the performance of land markets in these countries within the context of contemporary economic learning is thus key to understanding the policy directions required for success. This paper thus employs public policy and transaction costs insights to explicate the historical political events that have led to the promulgation of such policies together with a conceptual view of their social cost implications.
A PANEL ASSESSMENT OF REAL COVERGENCE IN CEMAC
Authors: Gbetnkom Daniel
Published: September 2021

Some authors support that regionalism among underdeveloped countries will tend to cause divergence of their income levels, and regional integration among rich countries will tend to cause convergence. This paper tests this convergence hypothesis in CEMAC between 1990-2002. Our findings lend support to the “convergence club” defined according to policy choices rather than initial levels of human capital. They show that unilateral and preferential suppression of tariff and non-tariff barriers favor the convergence of per capita incomes and reduce the dispersion of real per capita income levels of partners in the sub-region. These results make the idea of convergence club based on the initial levels of productive technology and GDP per capita relative.
EXPERT POLITICAL RISK OPINIONS AND BANKING SYSTEM RETURNS EXPERT POLITICAL RISK OPINIONS AND BANKING SYSTEM RETURNS
Authors: Simpson John
Published: September 2021

Human behavior in banking and financial systems is in part made up of a complex mix of political, social and cultural factors. These factors are reflected in expert opinion based political risk scores. Market inefficiency is largely a result of anomalies in human behavior causing information asymmetries. A basic systemic market model is re-specified into a model for international banking systems, which controls for pure political risk. Samples of developed and developing banking systems are examined. Political risk factors and world banking returns are exogenous in models of countrybanking system returns. New political information assists in explaining banking system stock returns. The findings should be of interest to investors in banking stocks. Banking regulators may be assisted in decisions on appropriate levels of regulatory capital as a benchmark for banking systems. The model could help to anticipate financial crises.
Technology A Paradigmatic Look
Authors: Ardalan Kavous
Published: September 2021

Any adequate analysis of technology necessarily requires fundamental understanding of the worldviews underlying the views expressed with respect to the nature and role of technology. This paper starts with the premise that any worldview can be associated with one of the four basic paradigms: functionalist, interpretive, radical humanist, and radical structuralist. The paper looks at the current state of mainstream academic finance and notes that it is founded only on the functionalist paradigm. It argues that any view expressed with respect to technology is based on one of the four paradigms or worldviews. It, therefore, discusses four views expressed with respect to the nature and role of technology. The paper emphasizes that the four views expressed are equally scientific and informative; they look at the nature and role of technology from a certain paradigmatic viewpoint. Emphasizing this example in the area of technology, the paper concludes that there are opportunities for mainstream academic finance, in general, and technology, in particular, to benefit from contributions coming from the other three paradigms if they respect paradigm diversity.
COVID-19’ da Koruyucu Ekipman Kullanımı ve Deri Sağlığının Korunması
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Gülsün , TURAN Nuray , KAYA Nurten
Published: September 2021

21. yy.’da salgın hastalıklarla mücadele tüm hızıyla devam etmektedir. Salgınların kontrol altına alınması politik düzenlemelerin yanısıra bireysel ve toplumsal önlemler ile mümkündür. Sağlık çalışanlarının, salgından etkilenen bireylere bakım ve tedavi hizmetlerini sunarken, kendilerini enfeksiyondan korumaları son derece önemlidir. Bu amaçla kullanılan kişisel koruyucu ekipman sağlık çalışanlarında alerjik kontakt dermatit, basınç yarası, hiperpigmentasyon, aşırı terleme, deride kızarıklık gibi birçok soruna neden olmaktadır. Uzun süreli kişisel koruyucu ekipmanın deriye zarar vermemesi için derinin salinli veya normal musluk suyu ile temizlenmesi, kurulanması sonrasında bariyer film gibi koruyucuların kullanımı önerilmektedir. Bu ekipmanlar çıkarıldıktan sonra eğer deride herhangi bir hasar varsa kortizonlu kremler uygulanabilir. Sağlık bakımı hizmetlerinin etkili bir şekilde sürdürülebilmesi için sağlık ekibi üyelerinin kendi sağlığını koruması gerekmektedir. Bu makalede, sağlık ekibi üyelerinin koruyucu ekipman kullanımı sırasında; dikkat edilmesi gereken noktalar, deride oluşabilecek sorunlar ve bu sorunları önlemeye yönelik stratejiler ilgili literatür ve araştırma bulguları incelenerek tartışıldı.
Emzirme Danışmanlığında Güncel Yaklaşımlar
Authors: ŞENSOY Filiz , KOÇAK Derya Yüksel
Published: September 2021

Emzirme, maternal ve fetal sağlığının korunması, geliştirilmesi ve iletişimi üzerine olumlu etkileri bulunan beslenme şeklidir. Emzirmenin başlatılması, devamlılığı, emzirme sorunlarının çözümü, öz yeterliliğin artırılması, emzirme oranlarının yükseltilmesinde emzirme eğitim programları etkili olmaktadır. Sağlık ekibi içerisindeki ebe ve hemşireler bakım verici, karar verici, hasta hakları savunuculuğu, danışman ve eğitici rollerini kullanarak prenatal dönemden itibaren gebelik ve postpartum dönemde annelerin emzirme davranışlarını geliştirebilir. Günümüzde emzirme eğitiminde ve motivasyonun arttırılmasında teknoloji kullanımı geleneksel emzirme eğitimine nazaran çok daha fazla ilgi çekmektedir. Ebe, hemşire, hekim tarafından verilen emzirme eğitim programlarında; mesaj, e-posta, video gösterisi, web tabanlı emzirme programları kullanımı giderek artmaktadır. Emzirme eğitim programlarının düzenlenmesi aşamasında güncel destek programlarının kullanımı yarar sağlamaktadır. Bu derlemede; emzirmenin desteklenmesinde hemşire ve ebeler tarafından son yıllarda yaygın olarak kullanılan güncel yaklaşımlar incelenmiştir.
Çocukların COVID-19 Pandemisine İlişkin Algılarının Çizdikleri Resimlere Yansıması
Authors: TİRYAKİ Öznur , ZENGİN Hamide , ÇINAR Nursan
Published: September 2021

Amaç: COVID-19 pandemisi nedeniyle hepimiz olağanüstü günler yaşamaktayız. Ancak sağlığın kazanılması ve korunması için emek veren sağlık çalışanlarının çocukları bu süreçten en çok etkilenen gruplar arasında yer almaktadır. Çalışma ile pandemi hastanesinde aktif görev alan hemşirelerin 7-11 yaş arasındaki çocuklarının COVID-19 pandemisine ilişkin algılarının açık uçlu sorulara verdikleri cevaplar ve çizdikleri resimler değerlendirilerek belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır.

Yöntem: Tanımlayıcı tipteki araştırmada çocuklara resim çizdirilerek açık uçlu sorular formu ile COVID-19 pandemisine ilişkin düşünceleri elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen demografik veriler SPSS programına aktarılarak değerlendirilmiştir. Açık uçlu her soruya çocukların verdiği cevaplar kendi ifadeleriyle benzer olanlar ile gruplandırılmıştır. Resimlerin yorumlanması, “Resim Analizi ve Psikolojik Testler Değerlendirme” sertifikasına sahip araştırmacı ve dış bağımsız çocuk gelişimi uzmanı tarafından yapılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırmaya 17 çocuk katılmıştır. Değerlendirme sonuçlarına göre çocuklar tarafından yapılan resimlerde maske takma, el yıkama, dezenfektan kullanma ve evde kalma kurallarına uyum sağladığı görülmüştür. Çizdikleri resimlere ve kullandıkları ifadelere göre çocuklardan 11’inin oldukça kaygılı olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Sonuç: Çalışmaya katılan hemşirelerin çocukları ebeveynleri ile ilgili endişe duymaktadırlar. Çocukların endişelerini anlamak ve azaltabilmek için sosyal ve psikolojik destek almaları önerilebilir.
Tip 2 Diyabet Yönetiminde Bilgi-Motivasyon ve Davranış Becerileri (IMB) Modelinin Kullanımı
Authors: KILINÇ Eda , KARTAL Asiye
Published: September 2021

Tip 2 Diyabet (T2DM), yüksek mortalite ve morbidite oranları nedeniyle küresel bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Yaygın görülen bu hastalığın öz-yönetiminin sağlanması için bireylerde olumlu sağlık davranışları geliştirilmelidir. Hemşireler, diyabetli bireylerde olumlu davranış değişimi sağlayabilmek için teori ve modellerden destek almaktadır. Bu modellerden biri de Bilgi, Motivasyon ve Davranış Becerileri Modeli’dir (IMB). Diyabet yönetiminde yeni kullanılan bu model, yüksek kaliteli diyabet bakımının niteliklerini, öz-bakım süreçlerini ve sağlık çıktılarını birbirine bağlayarak kapsamlı bir çerçeve sunmaktadır. IMB modeli bilgi, motivasyon ve davranış becerileri bileşenlerinden oluşur. Model, diyabetli bireyde davranış değişikliğinin başlatılması ve sürdürülmesi için bilgi ve motivasyonun oluşması gerektiğini savunur. IMB modeli temelli diyabet öz-yönetimi ile ilişkili bilgiler, diyabet hakkında sağlık eğitimi ve eğitici-hasta iletişimini içermektedir. Bireysel motivasyon, bireyin diyabeti ile ilgili bir davranışın sonuçları hakkındaki diyabet sağlık inançlarını ve öz-yönetim davranışlarına karşı algıladığı tutumları ifade etmektedir. Sosyal motivasyon, öz-yönetim davranışı için bireyin algıladığı sosyal desteği içermektedir. Diyabetli bireylerde motivasyonun artması diyet kontrolü, ilaçlara uyum, düzenli egzersiz, düzenli kan şekeri takibi, diyabetik ayak bakımı ve hiper/hipoglisemi yönetimini pozitif yönde artırmaktadır. Davranışsal beceriler, diyabet öz-etkililiği ve olumlu başa çıkma stratejisini içermektedir. Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde IMB modeli temelli yapılan araştırmaların müdahaleleri incelendiğinde bireylerin hem metabolik kontrol düzeylerinde (HbA1c) hem de öz-bakım davranışlarında (beslenme ve egzersiz) olumlu gelişmeler saptanmıştır. Gelecek araştırmalarda hemşireler tarafından Tip 2 diyabetli bireylerde IMB modeline dayalı müdahalelerin bilgi bileşeni için bireysel veya grup halinde diyabet öz-yönetim eğitimi verilmesi, motivasyon ve davranış becerileri bileşeni için diyabette etkililiği kanıtlanan Motivasyonel Görüşme Tekniklerinin uygulanması önerilmektedir.
Constraints on the Dense Matter Equation of State and Neutron Star Properties from NICER’s Mass–Radius Estimate of PSR J0740+6620 and Multimessenger Observations
Authors: Raaijmakers G. , Greif S. K. , Hebeler K. , Hinderer T. , Nissanke S. , Schwenk A. , Riley T. E. , Watts A. L. , Lattimer J. M. , Ho W. C. G.
Published: September 2021

In recent years our understanding of the dense matter equation of state (EOS) of neutron stars has significantly improved by analyzing multimessenger data from radio/X-ray pulsars, gravitational wave events, and from nuclear physics constraints. Here we study the additional impact on the EOS from the jointly estimated mass and radius of PSR J0740+6620, presented in Riley et al. by analyzing a combined data set from X-ray telescopes NICER and XMM-Newton. We employ two different high-density EOS parameterizations: a piecewise-polytropic (PP) model and a model based on the speed of sound in a neutron star (CS). At nuclear densities these are connected to microscopic calculations of neutron matter based on chiral effective field theory (EFT) interactions. In addition to the new NICER data for this heavy neutron star, we separately study constraints from the radio timing mass measurement of PSR J0740+6620, the gravitational wave events of binary neutron stars GW190425 and GW170817, and for the latter the associated kilonova AT2017gfo. By combining all these, and the NICER mass–radius estimate of PSR J0030+0451, we find the radius of a 1.4 M
⊙ neutron star to be constrained to the 95% credible ranges

12.33

−
0.81

+
0.76

km

(PP model) and

12.18

−
0.79

+
0.56

km

(CS model). In addition, we explore different chiral EFT calculations and show that the new NICER results provide tight constraints for the pressure of neutron star matter at around twice saturation density, which shows the power of these observations to constrain dense matter interactions at intermediate densities.
Two new psathyrelloid species of Coprinopsis (Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae) from China
Authors: Rao Gu , Dai Dan , Zhao Hui-Nan , Liang Yi , Li Yu , Zhang Bo
Published: September 2021

In this study, Coprinopsis jilinensis and Coprinopsis pusilla were introduced, based on their morphological characteristics, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit ribosomal (LSU) region sequences of nrDNA. These new psathyrelloid species were found in Jilin Province, China. Coprinopsis jilinensis has brown pileus, utriform pleurocystidia, brown, smooth, dextrinoid basidiospores and tiny pore. It mainly grows on humus. Coprinopsis pusilla has small basidiomata, greyish-white pileus, thick and distinct veil at edges, subcolourless and verrucose basidiospores. It is poreless and it grows on the decaying wood of broad-leaved trees. Both of them belong to the C. sect. Melanthinae. A supplementary description of C. sect. Melanthinae was given in combination with the newly-discovered taxa and an identification key to the fourteen psathyrelloid species of Coprinopsis is provided. Coprinopsis sect. Canocipes and C. sect. Quartoconatae were evaluated and the phylogenetic position of the psathyrelloid species of Coprinopsis was discussed. Psathyrella subagraria, as a confusing species, was also discussed in this study.
Simultaneous quantification of the major flavonoids from wild spinach by UHPLC-HRMS and their neuroprotective effects in a model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on SH-SY5Y cells
Authors: Kokanova-Nedialkova Zlatina , Aluani Denitsa , Tzankova Virginia , Nedialkov Paraskev
Published: September 2021

A modified UHPLC-HRMS method for simultaneous quantification of eight flavonoids from the aerial parts of the wild spinach (Chenopodium bonus-henricus L.) was re-validated for specificity, the limit of detection and quantitation limit, linearity, accuracy, and precision. The glycosides of spinacetin (Chbhnf-04, Chbhnf-06, and Chbhnf-08) and patuletin (Chbhnf-01) were the predominant compounds. The total amount of assayed flavonoids from the aerial parts of a title plant was estimated to be 1.82% and 1.4% in two different populations from Vitosha Mountain (Bulgaria). The neuroprotective properties of compounds Chbhnf-02, Chbhnf-04, Chbhnf-06, Chbhnf-07, Chbhnf-08 were further assessed using a model of H2O2-induced oxidative stress on human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. All tested flavonoids demonstrated statistically significant neuroprotective activity close to that of silibinin. Patuletin (Chbhnf-07) and spinacetin (Chbhnf-08) triglycosides showed the most protective effects at the lowest concentration of 50 µM.
A new Colombian species of Liodessus diving beetles from the Páramo de Sumapaz (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Bidessini)
Authors: Balke Michael , Suarez-Megna Yoandri , Ospina-Torres Rodulfo , Venegas Juan Simon , Prieto Carlos , Hendrich Lars
Published: September 2021

Liodessus picinussp. nov. is described from the Páramo de Sumapaz near Bogota D.C. at 3,500 m above sea level. The species can be distinguished from the other Colombian Liodessus species by its dark coloration, discontinuous habitus, shiny surface of the pronotum and elytron, presence of a distinct occipital line, distinct basal pronotal striae, short or even faint basal elytral striae, as well as by its distinct geographic distribution and cox1 signature.
Le droit des contrats contre la peine de mort : controverses contemporaines autour du commerce international des produits nécessaires aux injections létales aux États-Unis
Authors: Fischer Nicolas
Published: September 2021

Depuis le début des années 2000, une controverse d’abord nationale puis transnationale a émergé autour des exécutions capitales par injection létale aux États-Unis. Au cours de cette période, cette forme particulière de mise à mort a été dénoncée pour son usage détourné de techniques et de produits empruntés à la pratique médicale. L’ampleur du débat a été telle que les principales multinationales du médicament sont intervenues. Depuis une dizaine d’années, celles-ci ont adopté des mesures contractuelles visant à empêcher la vente et l’usage de leurs produits pour l’exécution de condamnés. Une enquête combinant des entretiens et l’analyse de documents permet ici de retracer les étapes de cet enrôlement inédit. Elle met également en évidence ses effets sur la prétention étatique à monopoliser la violence légitime et ses moyens : parce qu’ils constituent en armes des produits qui restent par ailleurs des médicaments échangés sur un marché, les États fédérés doivent négocier leur achat et leur détention avec des industriels hostiles, devant des juridictions commerciales où leurs objectifs punitifs sont rarement pris en compte.
La « prison dorée », ou les luttes de pouvoir dans l’Arabie Saoudite de Mohammed ben Salman : retour sur un terrain limite pour les sciences sociales
Authors: Brisson Thomas
Published: September 2021

En novembre 2017, plusieurs centaines de membres des élites politiques et économiques saoudiennes ont été arrêtés et détenus à l’hôtel Ritz-Carlton de Ryad. Présenté par les autorités saoudiennes comme une vaste opération anti-corruption, cet épisode a été analysé par les spécialistes de la région comme un moment de purge et de consolidation du pouvoir autour de la figure du prince héritier, Mohammed ben Salman. Tout en revenant sur les luttes de pouvoir qui ont été à l’origine de cet événement, l’article en aborde une dimension passée inaperçue : l’enfermement dans un cadre luxueux, symbole de puissance. Prendre en considération le caractère « doré » de la prison qu’a été le Ritz permet d’apprécier plus finement les recompositions menées au sein de l’État saoudien qui ont consisté à soumettre les élites au prince héritier sans détruire la structure politique sur laquelle reposait leur pouvoir. En mobilisant les notions de reconnaissance mutuelle et de dénégation, il propose une réflexion sur ce qu’est un terrain limite pour les sciences sociales : faire sens d’un espace clos oblige en effet à développer une forme d’analyse particulière qui interroge la spécificité d’objets politiques marqués du sceau de l’occultation et du secret.
Reconnaissance au travail et symptomatologie anxiodépressive chez les auxiliaires de puériculture et les éducatrices de jeunes enfants
Authors: Maillot-Collet Mélanie , Baeza-Velasco Carolina
Published: September 2021

Dans les établissements d’accueil du jeune enfant, les auxiliaires de puériculture (AP) et les éducatrices de jeunes enfants (EJE) ont pour rôle l’accompagnement des enfants dans leur développement. Ces métiers, majoritairement effectués par des femmes, sont peu reconnus tant par les parents que par la société. Cette recherche a eu pour objectif d’explorer la relation entre la reconnaissance au travail et la symptomatologie anxiodépressive chez les professionnelles de la petite enfance et de comparer ces variables entre les AP et les EJE. Cinquante et un AP et soixante-deux EJE ont répondu aux autoquestionnaires évaluant le sentiment de reconnaissance au travail, l’anxiété et la dépression. Les résultats ont montré des corrélations positives et fortes entre le manque de reconnaissance au travail et la symptomatologie anxiodépressive. Aucune différence n’a été observée entre les AP et les EJE concernant ces variables. Cependant, ces deux groupes de professionnelles présentaient un sentiment de faible reconnaissance au travail ainsi que des niveaux d’anxiété élevés. Cette recherche procure une ébauche de réflexion sur ces métiers, nécessitant des pistes d’actions empreintes de reconnaissance et favorisant la santé psychique des professionnelles de la petite enfance.
Lili : une histoire de trouble alimentaire précoce dans laquelle l’attachement joue le rôle principal
Authors: Brunod Regis
Published: September 2021

Après une période d’alimentation parentérale prolongée, il peut être extrêmement difficile de reprendre l’alimentation orale chez un enfant. Nous rapportons le traitement plurimodal d’une fillette nourrie exclusivement depuis la période néonatale jusqu’à l’âge de 7 ans par une alimentation synthétique, délivrée par une sonde de gastrostomie. Trois axes thérapeutiques ont été utilisés au cours de ce traitement : un axe psychopharmacologique, un axe psychoéducatif et surtout un axe relationnel et affectif, issu de la clinique de l’attachement, et qui représente la base sur laquelle s’appuient les deux premiers axes. Le développement d’une relation d’attachement exclusif à une soignante a permis le début d’une alimentation orale autonome. Ceci s’est accompagné d’une reprise évolutive durable dans les autres secteurs du développement neuropsychologique et affectif de l’enfant, avec une régression quasi complète de la symptomatologie d’allure autistique initiale.
L’entreprise d’État : une institution au cœur de la RDA
Authors: Droit Emmanuel
Published: September 2021

La question de la stabilité de la RDA est appréhendée dans le cadre de cet article à travers l’analyse des entreprises d’État. Depuis la fondation du régime de dictature socialiste en 1949, ces dernières ont joué un rôle central non seulement dans le champ économique mais également dans la vie quotidienne des citoyens est-allemands. L’analyse du mode de fonctionnement de cette zone-frontière entre l’État et la société permet de mieux comprendre comment ces entreprises ont contribué à façonner durant quatre décennies l’identité socio-professionnelle des Allemands de l’Est. L’approche micro-historique de l’article, qui s’appuie sur le cas de l’entreprise publique Zekiwa de Zeitz (en Saxe), spécialisée dans la production de poussettes et de landaus, permet de mieux saisir la complexité du « communisme au quotidien ». Inscrite dans un régime politique dénué de toute forme de légitimation démocratique, la société est-allemande était en effet centrée sur l’entreprise : celle-ci n’était pas seulement une unité de production soumise à l’économie de pénurie, mais un lieu multifonctionnel de redistribution de ressources sociales, de mobilisation politico-idéologique et d’encadrement des loisirs. Dans une entreprise comme Zekiwa, composée majoritairement d’ouvrières supervisées par des cadres intermédiaires et supérieurs masculins, la classe ouvrière était capable de s’arranger avec les attentes politiques et idéologiques du régime. Le recours au quant à soi était ainsi un élément clé permettant d’expliquer la stabilité de la RDA.
Entre l’État russe et les marchés mondiaux : les transformations stratégiques de Gazprom et Rosneft (1989-2017)
Authors: Vercueil Julien
Published: September 2021

Héritage soviétique, l’interpénétration entre les grands acteurs du secteur énergétique et le pouvoir politique de la Russie n’est plus à démontrer. C’est le cas des deux principales entreprises publiques du secteur, Rosneft et Gazprom. L’objet du présent article est d’analyser la manière dont les relations entre Rosneft et Gazprom et l’État ont influencé leurs stratégies respectives. L’article met en évidence l’existence d’un triangle de négociation pour Rosneft et Gazprom, dont les dirigeants doivent négocier les contraintes parfois contradictoires issues de trois objectifs : leur autonomie de décision stratégique, la nécessité d’attirer des partenaires étrangers, l’importance de leur alignement sur la politique énergétique et diplomatique de l’État russe. Durant la première période (années 1990), Gazprom privilégie l’autonomie stratégique, Rosneft choisissant de s’aligner sur la stratégie énergétique de l’État. Dans la deuxième période (début des années 2000), la montée en puissance de l’État se traduit par une perte d’autonomie stratégique pour Gazprom, tandis que Rosneft se constitue progressivement en tant que grand acteur pétrolier, toujours aligné sur la politique énergétique de l’État. Durant la troisième période (fin des années 2000 et années 2010), l’internationalisation, devenue une priorité pour les deux entreprises, se trouve contrariée par la confusion entre les intérêts des entreprises et ceux de l’État, particulièrement pour Gazprom. Le regain de tensions internationales conduit Gazprom et Rosneft à réorienter leurs stratégies d’internationalisation, principalement en direction de l’Asie.
Le couple à l’épreuve de la mort à venir en soins palliatifs pour le meilleur comme pour le pire
Authors: Clément-Hryniewicz Nathalie
Published: September 2021

La perspective de la mort à venir de celui qui est en phase palliative terminale de sa maladie constitue pour le couple (de façon individuelle et groupale) un temps particulièrement difficile à vivre. Elle engendre une rupture au sein du couple, lequel se trouve ébranlé dans ses fondations, dans ses assises narcissiques et objectales, dans sa matérialité. La vie change de tropisme. La relation bien que fragilisée se fait plus dense, les liens se resserrent alors qu’une asymétrie, non sans conséquence et impact sur le couple, se crée au gré des altérations de santé du conjoint malade. L’histoire de Félix et Marie, personnages du livre d’A. Schnitzler, ainsi que celles de ces couples que forment Nadine et André, Carole et Sylvain, Gisèle et Bernard serviront de fil conducteur à la réflexion menée.
Psychologue en unité de soins Covid : retour d’expérience en clinique de l’incertitude
Authors: Dherbecourt Dorothée , Wieckowski Emeline
Published: September 2021

La pandémie Covid-19 a généré de nombreux bouleversements dans le monde hospitalier tant sur le plan organisationnel que sur le plan humain et émotionnel. Dans ces situations d’incertitudes où la détresse émotionnelle est forte, nous proposons un retour de pratique de psychologues dans des services de soins identifiés Covid.
Why Do French Engineers Find Stable Jobs Faster than PhDs?
Authors: Margolis David N. , Miotti Egidio Luis
Published: September 2021

Cet article examine pourquoi les docteurs prennent plus de temps à trouver un emploi stable que les ingénieurs en France. En utilisant les données de l’enquête « Génération 2004 » du CEREQ, nous présentons les différences entre les caractéristiques observables et les domaines de spécialisation entre ingénieurs et différents types de docteur et nous démontrons que la vitesse d’insertion des docteurs est plus lente que celle des ingénieurs. Cela s’explique par de multiples facteurs : des différences entre les caractéristiques observables et inobservables des diplômes, les choix de domaine de spécialisation, une recherche des docteurs dirigée vers des postes de fonctionnaire (surtout des postes de professeur) et un salaire de réserve vraisemblablement « trop élevé » par rapport à la valeur de la productivité marginale des docteurs pour des postes du secteur privé.
Indices de stabilité financière et dynamique des réseaux financiers en Europe
Authors: Chabot Miia
Published: September 2021

De nombreuses analyses s’attachent à simuler différents scénarios de contagion en cas de crise, mais peu de travaux se consacrent à la topologie des réseaux financiers. Nous étudions un échantillon de 260 banques européennes. Les réseaux observés sont uniques et plus élaborés que les réseaux théoriques habituellement utilisés pour les scénarios de contagion. Nous démontrons l’existence de particularités topologiques dans les réseaux bancaires. Nous montrons que la position d’une banque dans ses réseaux de relations et les propriétés empiriques observées dans son voisinage affectent la stabilité du système financier. Nous montrons que ces topologies de relations ont été considérablement modifiées pendant et après la crise financière. Classification JEL  : G21, E44, L14, D85, G28.
Attitude face au risque et piratage de films en ligne
Authors: Bourreau Marc , Lumeau Marianne , Moreau François , Viotto da Cruz Jordana
Published: September 2021

Le but de cet article est d’étudier si l’attitude des internautes vis-à-vis du risque influence leur comportement de piratage de films. Cette question est importante car les mesures de lutte contre le piratage, telles que la riposte graduée de la Hadopi en France, ont pour objectif d’accroître les risques liés à cette activité. Dans cette étude, nous avons couplé des données individuelles issues d’une mesure expérimentale de la préférence pour le risque et d’une enquête par questionnaire sur l’attitude face au piratage. Sur un échantillon d’étudiants, les résultats indiquent que la préférence pour le risque n’est pas un déterminant de leur intensité de piratage en ligne de contenus cinématographiques. Ce résultat est cohérent avec ceux de précédentes études concluant à la faible efficacité des politiques publiques menées en matière de lutte contre le piratage. Classification JEL  : C81, C91, K42, Z1.
Which Kind of Blockchain Application for Local Complementary Currencies?
Authors: Seang Sothearath , Torre Dominique
Published: September 2021

Cet article examine les possibilités d’application d’une technologie de type blockchain au fonctionnement de monnaies complémentaires locales, en considérant deux types de protocoles de consensus : la preuve de travail et la preuve d’enjeu. Il s’attache en particulier à étudier leur application au contexte de digitalisation de ces monnaies. Une blockchain associée à une monnaie complémentaire locale se distingue profondément d’une blockchain associée à un crypto-actif : elle exclut tout usage spéculatif à la monnaie locale qui, contrairement aux crypto-actifs, a une parité fixe avec la monnaie légale et dispose d’un bassin de circulation restreint. Dans un tel cadre, une blockchain rend des services différents, elle a aussi des propriétés différentes. Le choix du protocole de consensus compte cependant, de même que le type d’incitation poussant les mineurs ou les validateurs à participer au réseau.
Subhyperbolic rational maps on boundaries of hyperbolic components
Authors: Gao Yan , Yang Luxian , Zeng Jinsong
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we prove that every quasiconformal deformation of a subhyperbolic rational map on the boundary of a hyperbolic component \begin{document}$ \mathcal{H} $\end{document} still lies on \begin{document}$ \partial \mathcal{H} $\end{document}. As an application, we construct geometrically finite rational maps with buried critical points on the boundaries of some hyperbolic components.
Inducing schemes for multi-dimensional piecewise expanding maps
Authors: Eslami Peyman
Published: September 2021

We construct inducing schemes for general multi-dimensional piecewise expanding maps where the base transformation is Gibbs-Markov and the return times have exponential tails. Such structures are a crucial tool in proving statistical properties of dynamical systems with some hyperbolicity. As an application we check the conditions for the first return map of a class of multi-dimensional non-Markov, non-conformal intermittent maps.
A log–exp elliptic equation in the plane
Authors: Figueiredo Giovany , Montenegro Marcelo , Stapenhorst Matheus F.
Published: September 2021

In this paper we show the existence of a nonnegative solution for a singular problem with logarithmic and exponential nonlinearity, namely \begin{document}$ -\Delta u = \log(u)\chi_{\{u>0\}} + \lambda f(u) $\end{document} in \begin{document}$ \Omega $\end{document} with \begin{document}$ u = 0 $\end{document} on \begin{document}$ \partial\Omega $\end{document}, where \begin{document}$ \Omega $\end{document} is a smooth bounded domain in \begin{document}$ \mathbb{R}^{2} $\end{document}. We replace the singular function \begin{document}$ \log(u) $\end{document} by a function \begin{document}$ g_\epsilon(u) $\end{document} which pointwisely converges to -\begin{document}$ \log(u) $\end{document} as \begin{document}$ \epsilon \rightarrow 0 $\end{document}. When the parameter \begin{document}$ \lambda>0 $\end{document} is small enough, the corresponding energy functional to the perturbed equation \begin{document}$ -\Delta u + g_\epsilon(u) = \lambda f(u) $\end{document} has a critical point \begin{document}$ u_\epsilon $\end{document} in \begin{document}$ H_0^1(\Omega) $\end{document}, which converges to a nontrivial nonnegative solution of the original problem as \begin{document}$ \epsilon \rightarrow 0 $\end{document}.
Local well-posedness of solutions to the boundary layer equations for compressible two-fluid flow
Authors: Fan Long , Liu Cheng-Jie , Ruan Lizhi
Published: September 2021

In this paper, we consider the two-dimensional (2D) two-fluid boundary layer system, which is a hyperbolic-degenerate parabolic-elliptic coupling system derived from the compressible isentropic two-fluid flow equations with nonslip boundary condition for the velocity. The local existence and uniqueness is established in weighted Sobolev spaces under the monotonicity assumption on tangential velocity along normal direction based on a nonlinear energy method by employing a nonlinear cancelation technic introduced in [R. Alexandre, Y.-G. Wang, C.-J. Xu and T. Yang, J. Amer. Math. Soc., 28 (2015), 745-784; N. Masmoudi and T.K. Wong, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 68(2015), 1683-1741] and developed in [C.-J. Liu, F. Xie and T. Yang, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 72(2019), 63-121].
PCA reduced Gaussian mixture models with applications in superresolution
Authors: Hertrich Johannes , Nguyen Dang-Phuong-Lan , Aujol Jean-Francois , Bernard Dominique , Berthoumieu Yannick , Saadaldin Abdellatif , Steidl Gabriele
Published: September 2021

Despite the rapid development of computational hardware, the treatment of large and high dimensional data sets is still a challenging problem. The contribution of this paper to the topic is twofold. First, we propose a Gaussian mixture model in conjunction with a reduction of the dimensionality of the data in each component of the model by principal component analysis, which we call PCA-GMM. To learn the (low dimensional) parameters of the mixture model we propose an EM algorithm whose M-step requires the solution of constrained optimization problems. Fortunately, these constrained problems do not depend on the usually large number of samples and can be solved efficiently by an (inertial) proximal alternating linearized minimization algorithm. Second, we apply our PCA-GMM for the superresolution of 2D and 3D material images based on the approach of Sandeep and Jacob. Numerical results confirm the moderate influence of the dimensionality reduction on the overall superresolution result.
Existence results of nonlinear generalized proportional fractional differential inclusions via the diagonalization technique
Authors: Abbas Mohamed I. ,   Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21511, Egypt, Hristova Snezhana ,   Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, Plovdiv University, Plovdiv 4000, Bulgaria
Published: September 2021

The present paper is concerned with the existence of solutions of a new class of nonlinear generalized proportional fractional differential inclusions with the right-hand side contains a Carathèodory-type multi-valued nonlinearity on infinite intervals. The investigation of the proposed inclusion problem relies on the multi-valued form of Leray-Schauder nonlinear alternative incorporated with the diagonalization technique. By specializing the parameters involved in the problem at hand, an illustrated example is proposed.