bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ensinar direito internacional no Brasil: panorama de uma prática e seus desafios
Authors: Sanctis de Brito Adriane , Nasser Salem Hikmat
Published: August 2017

Este trabalho expõe os resultados de uma pesquisa exploratória sobre a prática de ensino do direito internacional, pela perspectiva de quem ensina nos cursos de graduação em direito no Brasil. Seu objetivo é jogar luz à diversidade das perspectivas dos docentes entrevistados e, ao mesmo tempo, apontar elementos comuns de fala que os conectam pela similitude de sua prática e de seus desafios. A primeira parte conta quem foram os docentes seleccionados na amostra de pesquisa, analisando brevemente seu perfil demográfico e sua formação. A segunda parte traça um quadro geral do ensino da disciplina a partir dos relatos desses docentes, mostrando os aspectos recorrentes dos métodos de ensino adotados e as justificativas dos professores para esas escolhas. A terceira parte enfoca os desafios nas narrativas dos docentes sobre como é ensinar direito internacional no Brasil, que vão desde problemas específicos da disciplina do direito internacional até a falta de infraestrutura em suas instituições.
RESPON PENGGUNAAN BERBAGAI BAHAN AKTIVATOR PADA AKTIVASI PARTENOGENESIS OOSIT KAMBING HASIL IVM
Authors: Gatot Ciptadi Kholifah Holil, Eva Ari Wahyuni, Hari Soepriandono
Published: August 2017

Parthenogenetic activation is one method that can be used to determine the quality of IVM oocytes results before further use to other reproductive technologies (IVF and transfer core). In parthenogenetic activation can be used various activators such as ethanol, Ca Ionophore, and Crude Sperm Extract (CSE). Therefore, the aim of this experiment is to know the response use a variety of materials activator of parthenogenetic activation of goat oocytes IVM.
The sample used in this experiment was oocytes aspirated from goat ovarian follicles taken from RPH Sukun of Malang. Oocytes were matured for 24 hr in TCM-199 supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and lutheinizing hormone (LH) at a temperature of 38,5oC and 5% CO2 in humidified air. After another 30 hours of in vitro maturation, they were then activated by various treatments. The treatment of experiment are treatment 1, activation using ethanol 7% for 7 minute, treament 2, activation using Ca Ionophore 20 µM for 7 minute. Treatment 3, activation using CSE 2,5 µg/ml for 2 hr.
Based on the result of research, it is showed that activation by using 7% ethanol for 7 minutes is able to produce cleavage rate of 70.40%. Activation by Ca Ionophore 20 μM for 7 minutes is able to produce cleavage rate of 52.75%. While the use of CSE activation with 2.5 ug / ml for 2 hours produces cleavage rate of 36.33%. Thus it can be concluded that the goat oocyte IVM able to respond to a variety of materials activators on parthenogenetic activation performed. The highest response given by the successive results goat IVM oocytes activated using 7% ethanol for 7 minutes, 20 μM Ca Ionophore for 7 minutes, and the CSE 2.5 microg / ml for 2 hours.

Keywords: Parthenogenetic activation, goat oocytes IVM, etanol, calsium ionophore, Crude Sperm Extract (CSE).
KANKER LEHER RAHIM (CANCER CERVIX) SEBAGAI PEMBUNUH WANITA TERBANYAK DI NEGARA BERKEMBANG
Authors: Arisusilo Cahyawati
Published: August 2017

Worldwide, cervical cancer is twelfth most common (Edward, 2010)  and the fifth most deadly cancer in women (Globocan, 2002). It affects about 16 per 100,000 women per year and kills about 9 per 100,000 per year (WHO, 2006). Approximately 80% of cervical cancers occur in developing countries (Kent, 2010). Worldwide, in 2008, it was estimated that there were 473,000 cases of cervical cancer, and 253,500 deaths per year (NCC, 2008).
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in most developing countries (Edianto, 2006). Counted as many as 510,000 new cases occur each years and lasts more than 288,000 deaths from the disease worldwide. Low incidence of this disease in women aged under 25 years old, but the incidence increases in women aged 35 to 40 years and reached a maximum at the age of the 50's. Meanwhile, the incidence of cervical cancer it self continues to increase from about 25 per 100,000 in 1988 to around 32 per 100,000 in 1992 (Edianto, 2006).
In 2005, the number of women aged 15-64 years in Indonesia is 65 million and the prevalence of cervical cancer is 50 per 100,000 women. This means the number of patients with cervical cancer is approximately 32 500 patients. Patients with stage I as much as 7% or 2275, stage Ib-IIa by 28% or 9100, and a stage IIB-IV by 65% or 21 125 patients (Rasjidi, 2007). This data showed that cancer cervix detected mostly on late stages, so it commonly called silent diseases.
The uterine cervix is the lowest portion of a woman's uterus (womb). Most of the uterus lies in the pelvis, but part of the cervix is located in the vagina, where it connects the uterus with the vagina.
PENGARUH RANGGAS PAKSA DAN SUPLEMENTASI TEPUNG BEKICOT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN FOLIKEL YOLK AYAM (Gallus turcicus)
Authors: Lisin Kiptiyah, Hartanto,
Published: August 2017

Research is conducted to examine the effect of fast method’s forced molting and snail flour supplementation on yolk follicle growth of chicken (Gallus turcicus). In this research, female chicken is used with 1.5 years of age and 1.2 ± 2 kg body weight. The treatments include the fast method’s forced f molting (without food for 0 hour, 72 hours, and 168 hours, but with drink ad libitum) and snail flour supplements of 6 %, 12 %, and 18 %.
 The observation is concerned with yolk follicle growth attributes such as ovary weight and yolk follicle sizes, such as large, medium and small. The data obtained is analyzed by ANOVA. Result indicates that the treatment of fast method’s forced molting and snail flour supplementation does not have effect on yolk follicle growth of chicken (Gallus turcicus). It is evident as reviewed from the ovary weight and from yolk follicle sizes of large, medium and small. Such phenomena is revealed through data related to fast method’s forced molting  and snail flour supplementation, in which both are without effect on ovary weight and large follicle size, but  with effect on medium and small yolk follicle sizes.

Keywords: Chicken, forced molting, snail flour, yolk follicle     
SINTESIS SENYAWA RISINOLEIL DIETANOLAMIDA MELALUI REAKSI AMIDASI ASAM RISINOLEAT DENGAN DIETANOLAMINA
Authors: Amalia Suci
Published: August 2017

There was a synthesis of derived amida of risinoleat acid compound through amidasi reaction. Risinoleat Acid obtained through metil risinoleat isolation from jarak oil through trans-esterifikasi reaction using natrium metoksida, and then doing hidrolisis metil risinoleat. Amidasi reaction to risinoleat acid was obtained by adding dietanolamina to the high temperature during 6 hours. Structure confirmation from the result compound is characterized by spektrometer IR and GC-MS.
Amidasi risinoleat acid reaction and dietanolamina produce risinoleil dieanolamida compound as like thick liquid, chocolate yellowness coloured with rendemen 45,26 %. The lost of acid karbonil cluster absorption from analysis IR result to alkanolamida compound cannot convince that amida compound is 100% formed.

Key words: risinoleat acid, dietanolamina, amidasi reaction, jarak oil
PENGUJIAN POTENSI BAKTERI ENDOFIT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN POPULASI NEMATODA SISTA KUNING (Globodera rostochiensis) PADA TANAMAN KENTANG (Solanum tuberosum L.)
Authors: Utami Ulfah , Hariani Lilik , Setyaningrum Retno
Published: August 2017

Yellow Nematoda sista (Globodera rostochiensis) is one of interfering plant organism in potatoes plants that bothers farmers in Indonesia. Many controls done by farmers during this time uses chemist pesticide. The using of chemist pesticide  continuously  can  threaten  human  environment  and  healthy.  The existence of endofit bacteria might became one of nematode controlling agent which is hospitable, because endofit bacteria can produce toxic compound in nematode. The aim of this research is to find out the filtrate potential of endofit bacteria to the growth of yellow nematode sista population (Globodera rostochiensis) in potatoes plants.  This research is done in Microbiological and Greenhouse Laboratory, Biology Department, Science and Technology Faculty, UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang and Pest and Plant Disease Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Brawijaya Malang.  This research is done in December  2011  until  April  2011  by  using  Rancangan  Acak  Lengkap  (RAL) method. Bacterial filtrate is made in a way of making endofit bacteria grow in TSB  media  for  48  hours,  then  disentrifugasi  with  speed  13.000  rpm  for  15 minutes. Next, it is tested in yellow nematode sista in potatoes plants in the greenhouse. The result of this research shows that endofit bacteria filtrate can obstruct the growth of sista Globodera rostochiensis population. Three from those six isolates which have high ability in pressing sista Globodera rostochiensis population in 100 gram of soil are isolate AA (91%), DH (81%) and BE (81%). Isolate AA can press sista Globodera rostochiensis population in the high scale, which reach until 91%. All endofit bacteria isolate (Isolat AA, AH, BA, BE, DA and DH) can increase the growth of potatoes plants, they are the height of plant and the weight of potatoes plants root.
PENGGUNAAN DOKSISIKLIN HYCLATE SEBAGAI INHIBITOR MATRIKS METALLOPROTEINASE PADA TERAPI TAMBAHAN PERIODONTITIS
Authors: Kristanti Risma Aprinda
Published: August 2017

Terbit.com  Daily  has  reported  that  the  prevalence  of  periodontitis increases related with age person. Found that 35,7% of patients with periodontitis in the group 30-39 years old to 66,5% in the group 50-59 years old, increase

89,2% in the group 80-90 years old. Periodontitis that commonly found is a chronic periodontitis which is occurs in individuals older than 45 years, but can also be found in children.

The main characteristic of periodontitis is the damage of the periodontal connective tissue, alveolar bone, and the movement of the junctional epithelium to the apical. Bacterial components may directly or indirectly cause tissue damage. Inflammatory    mediators    product    such    as    proteinases,    cytokines,    and prostaglandins are part of the host response that can also cause tissue damage. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) is a proteinase that can cause periodontal tissue damage by disrupting the extracellular matrix molecules in periodontal tissues. Since is known that MMP has a role in various pathological processes, therapy to inhibit activity MMP in pathological processes has developed. MMP inhibitors will be a useful adjunct therapy for the treatment of periodontal disease. Many products have been introduced as an MMP inhibitor, for example: tetracycline

and various derivatives, such as doxycycline and minocycline which are capable of inhibiting the activity of several classes of MMPs. Doxycycline has the ability to inhibit the increase in collagenase activity that is pathological in subgingival and prevent periodontitis to become more severe.
KARAKTERISASI EKSTRAK TEH HITAM DAN TINTA CUMI-CUMI SEBAGAI FOTOSENSITISER PADA SEL SURYA BERBASIS PEWARNA TERSENSITISASI
Authors: Ningsih Rachmawati , Hastuti Hastuti
Published: August 2017

One of the alternative energy potential to be developed to overcome  energy crisis in the world is an organic solar cells. In this research has been conducted by making a series of Dyes Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) using an organic dye from crude extracts of black tea (Camellia sinensis) and ink cuttlefish (Sepia acuelata). Solar cell system consisting of crystalline TiO2, glass conductors, dyes,

a   electrolyte   solution   I-/I3- and   carbon   electrodes.   TiO2 crystals   were

characterized using X-ray diffraction. Crude extracts of black tea and cuttlefish

ink absorption wavelength was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The series of solar cells are measured values of voltage and electric current.

The results of X-ray diffraction showed that crystalline TiO2 including anatase crystalline phase and a crystal size is 2.6 nm. The results of UV-Vis spectra of crude extracts of black tea and cuttlefish ink shows the absorption wavelength range in a row of 232-240 nm and 203-207 nm.

Large solar cell power supply voltage without soaking, in a room without light and under a halogen lamp is 0.014 Volt and 0.023 Volt. Large voltage solar cells soaked in crude extracts of black tea for 1 hour at room without light and under a halogen lamp is 0.364 Volt and 0.401 Volt. While that is soaked for 2 weeks is

0.113 Volts and 0.18 Volts.
KEANEKARAGAMAN FAUNA TANAH DI TAMAN NASIONAL BROMO TENGGER SEMERU SEBAGAI BIOINDIKATOR TANAH BERSULFUR TINGGI
Authors: Suheriyanto Dwi
Published: August 2017

The using of bioindikator lately become more important with the main function is to describe the existence of relevancy with biotic factor condition and abiotic area. Land fauna is enough as land indicator because it has sensitive respond to land and climate management practice, having good correlation to the land characteristic that benefits and the ecology function can describe causal chain that connects land management decision to the last productivity and plant and animal health. This research has purpose to identify kind of land fauna found in Bromo Tengger Semeru national park, analyse kinds of land fauna and analyse land fauna that can be used as land bioindikator with high sulphur standard.

The   research   uses   exploration   method,   that   arrange   land   fauna observation Bromo Tengger Semeru national park and taking land sample to be analyzed in laboratory. Taking sample location in Bromo, Jemplang area (near Bromo mountain). In each location is being observed to land fauna with plot 1 X 1 m, as many as 10 plots. Land fauna found in each plots is noted about genre and amount. The sample of the land is taken, then brought to the laboratory and analyzed to find out the content of pH land, S land, organic material and C/N land.

The result of this research shows that land fauna found in Bromo Tengger Semeru national park are 10 ordo, contained 29 family. Land fauna diversity in Bromo mountain is in lower area if it is compared with other area, with index
 2.07 variety. Jemplang area has index variety 2.35 and Penanjakan area has index the highest fauna diversity, that is 2.73. Bromo mountain area has total sulphur  74,683  mg/1000g  land  and  it  is  the  area of  research within  highest sulphur. Land fauna used as land bioindicator within highest sulphur is ordo Brachyderinae   for   indicator   the   existence   fauna   and   Mesoveliidae   for bioindicator the inexistence of fauna.
PENGARUH PAPARAN SUHU TERHADAP KUALITAS SPERMATOZOA MENCIT JANTAN (MUS,MUSCULUS) STRAIN JEPANG
Authors: Ermiza Ermiza
Published: August 2017

Spermatogenesis is a process of spermatozoa conception in tubulus seminiferus, which is influenced by various different factors, including hormonal, inhibit epididimis deterent, radiation and temperature. Conducive temperature in the regulation of spermatogenesis is below normal body temperature, which is

37°C. Maximum activity of most human enzim works within about 37°C, since temperature above 37°C will create denaturalization of enzim. Enzim is needed for cell metabolism. Exposure in high temperature resulted from a physical and psychological  stress  activates  central  and  peripheral  response  of  endoktrin system. Activating endoktrin system of hipotalamus-Hipofise-Adrenal involves neurohormon CRH, CRH to GnRH and disturbs activity of adenohipofise in producing FSH, LH which in turn disturbs spermatogenesis. The purpose of this research is to analyze the impact of the exposure in the temperature of 40°C upon quantity, mortility, and morphology of spermatozoa male mencit within one cicle of spermatogenesis.

The research uses the method of Post Test Only Control Group Design conducted in April to October 2010 in Pharmachology Laboratorium of Medical Faculty of Unand Padang. The samples were taken from 24 male mencit of 2-3 months, with an avarage weight of 25-35 grams, divided into 4 groups, i.e. controlled group and 3 treated groups. The treatment was based on the lenght of exposure in the temperature of 40°C. This exposure lasts about 15, 30 and 45 minutes everyday in 36 days. The result is analyzed using Kolmogorof Smirnof Test,  data  from  normal  distribution  analyzed  with  Anova  Test,  if  result  is signifikan continued with Post-Hoc-Test (Bonferroni). If data from distribution is not normal analyzed with Kruskal Wallis.

The   research   on   some   spermatozoa   using   Anova   test   indicates unsignificant relationship (p>0,05) between controlled and treated group. However,   research   on   the   percentage   of   mortilitas   and   morphology   of spermatozoa shows significant differences (p<0,05). Avarage decrease of amount, percentage of motility and morphology of abnormal spermatozoa is comparable to the time of exposure in the temperature of 40°C witih 36 days.

Based on this research, it is safe to conclude that the exposure in 40°C gives a significant  impact  on  the  declining  quality  of    spermatozoa.  It  is  urged  that detailed researches should be conducted on the impact of exposure in high temperature upon the structure of spermatozoa moleculs, such as DNA, mitokondria and the level of tertosteron.
ANALISIS KUALITATIF FENILALANIN SECARA CHROMATOGRAPHY KERTAS DAN CHROMATOGRAPHY LAPIS TIPIS (Studi Awal Pengembangan Metode Deteksi Penyakit Phenylketonuria)
Authors: Fauziyah Begum
Published: August 2017

The qualitative analysis of fenilalanin as paper chromatography and thin layer chromatography is developed as the beginning study of detection phenylketonuria  disease.  The  result  of  identification  qualitatively fenilalanin     solution     with     concentration     varia tion     using     paper chromatography media shows that the clearest spot is gotten by concentration minimal 50 ppm. The result of identification qualitatively fenilalanin  solution  with  variation  concentration  1,  3,  5,  10,  25  and  50 (ppm) using thin layer chromatography shows that from the smallest concentration  that  is  1  ppm,  has  already  give  the  clear  qualitative experiment result, that is purple. Fenilalanin analysis with thin layer chromatography gives more sensitive result than with paper chromatography. memberikan hasil yang lebih sensitif daripada dengan chromatography kertas.
Men’s Sexual Coerciveness, Perceptions of Women’s Attachment, and Dating Preferences
Authors: Holmgreen Lucie , Oswald Debra L.
Published: August 2017

This study examined whether sexually coercive men are uniquely drawn to certain attachment styles in women. Specifically, it employed an experimental design to investigate what sorts of inferences men draw about women based on women’s attachment styles and whether a woman’s attachment style may serve as an indicator of vulnerability, rendering sexually coercive men more attracted to some women than to others. One-hundred thirty-six college men completed a measure of sexual coerciveness and answered questions about personal ads experimentally manipulated for portrayed attachment style. Findings suggest that sexually coercive men may be more attracted to women with characteristics associated with sexual vulnerability. Additionally, men perceive women differently based on their attachment styles, and sexually coercive men may perceive women differently than do other men.
Social Norms for Intimate Partner Violence: A Replication With College Students
Authors: Witte Tricia H. , Hackman Christine L. , Mulla Mazheruddin M.
Published: August 2017

This study replicated prior research on college students’ perceived descriptive norms (i.e., prevalence estimates) for intimate partner violence (IPV). In this study, male and female college students were instructed to estimate the prevalence of physical forms of IPV for “typical students” of their same gender on campus. Perpetrators of IPV—both male and female—made higher estimates than nonperpetrators. When compared to actual prevalence rates, both perpetrators and nonperpetrators overestimated the prevalence of IPV on campus. Findings have implications for prevention programs that address social norms.
Tweets, Gangs, and Guns: A Snapshot of Gang Communications in Detroit
Authors: Patton Desmond U. , Patel Sadiq , Hong Jun Sung , Ranney Megan L. , Crandall Marie , Dungy Lyle
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study is to determine the frequency of violent and criminal Twitter communications among gang-affiliated individuals in Detroit, Michigan. We analyzed 8.5 million Detroit gang members’ tweets from January 2013 to March 2014 to assess whether they contained Internet banging–related keywords. We found that 4.7% of gang-affiliated user tweets consisted of terms related to violence and crime. Violence and crime-related communications fell into 4 main categories: (a) beefing (267,221 tweets), (b) grief (79,971 tweets), (c) guns (3,551 tweets), and (d) substance use and distribution (47,638 tweets). Patterns in violent and criminal communication that may be helpful in predicting future gang activities were identified, which has implications for violence prevention research, practice, and policy.
Um olhar sobre os jogos escolares do Rio Grande do Norte: recortes da história da capoeira no estado
Authors: Silva Rayanne Medeiros da , Araújo Allyson Carvalho de
Published: August 2017

Dentro das ações do Centro de Desenvolvimento de Pesquisa em Políticas de Esporte e de Lazer da Rede Cedes do Rio Grande do Norte está a estruturação do Centro de Memória em Educação Física, Esporte e Lazer do RN, que tem como objetivo reconstruir, preservar e divulgar a memória do esporte, educação física, lazer no Rio Grande do Norte. Como primeira ação apresentamos uma pesquisa piloto para registrar e compreender como a Capoeira foi historicamente constituída nos espaços estudantis, especificamente, nos Jogos Escolares do estado Rio Grande do Norte. Nestes termos, o presente estudo caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa descritiva que faz uso de entrevistas e recuperação de material de arquivo para compreender o fenômeno estudado, utilizando como referências a oralidade e acervo do Mestre Marcos. Identificamos que os Jogos Escolares Brasileiros disseminou a Capoeira como esporte competição a todo Brasil e influenciou diretamente a introdução da Capoeira nos Jogos Escolares do Rio Grande do Norte.
Teoria do jogo: a dimensão lúdica da existência humana
Authors: Grillo Rogério de Melo , Prodócimo Elaine
Published: August 2017

A presente resenha tem como escopo analisar, de maneira descritiva e crítica, o livro "Teoria do Jogo: a dimensão lúdica da existência humana", de Jeferson J. M. Retondar. Vale ressaltar que o presente livro é composto por cinco capítulos e visa colaborar significativamente com o debate concernente à importância do jogo na formação dos indivíduos. Para tanto, traz uma análise epistemológica do jogo, que sustenta um paradigma de Educação pelo Jogo.
A autoscopia como método de autoanálise e feedback para bailarinos clássicos durante técnicas de pas de deux
Authors: Mota Kaio César Celli , Roble Odilon José , Silva Fidel Machado de Castro
Published: August 2017

As principais correções no processo de movimentação técnica na dança partem, predominantemente, de uma figura externa conhecida como coreógrafo ou ensaiador. Propõe-se, com este estudo, o uso da autoscopia como método de autoanálise e auto-feedback em que o próprio bailarino realiza ao assistir a sua performance. Tal estudo constituiu-se a partir de filmagens de uma coreografia de pas de deux (dueto no balé clássico), com duas bailarinas diferentes e um mesmo bailarino, sendo que este possuia microcâmeras fixadas em seu corpo. Após o término da dança, cada bailarina foi convidada a verbalizar, individualmente, uma autoanálise. Posteriormente a esse momento, as bailarinas assistiram sua performance à partir das imagens capturadas pelas microcâmeras, análogas à visão do bailarino, sendo solicitado a cada bailarina que fizesse, novamente, uma autoanálise de sua performance. Foram comparadas as autoanálises realizadas sem e com o recurso da autoscopia. O objetivo foi interpretar se a autoscopia apresenta-se como um suporte eficiente no aprimoramento do processo de movimentação técnica na dança. Desse modo, após a intervenção realizada, observou-se que a utlização do método contribui para uma ampliação da percepção do movimento das bailarinas, devido ao recurso da videogravação que possibilita o desenvolvimento das capacidades de autoanálise e auto-feedback.
Editorial
Authors: Góis Júnior Edivaldo
Published: August 2017

A revista “CONEXÕES: Educação Física, Esporte e Saúde” tem novos desafios pela frente. Na atual crise de financiamento das universidades, o corpo de editores brasileiros necessita de criatividade e muito trabalho para manter os mesmos patamares de qualidade em seus veículos de divulgação científica.
The Thermal Conductivities of Periodic Fibrous Composites as Defined by a Mathematical Model
Authors: Venetis John , Sideridis Emilio
Published: August 2017

In this paper, a geometric body-centered model to simulate the periodic structure of unidirectional fibrous composites is presented. To this end, three prescribed configurations are introduced to predict in a deterministic manner the arrangement of internal and neighboring fibers inside the matrix. Thus, three different representative volume elements (RVEs) are established. Furthermore, the concept of the interphase has been taken into account, stating that each individual fiber is encircled by a thin layer of variable thermomechanical properties. Next, these three unit cells are transformed in a unified manner to a coaxial multilayer cylinder model. This advanced model includes the influence of fiber contiguity in parallel with the interphase concept on the thermomechanical properties of the overall material. Then, by the use of this model, the authors propose explicit expressions to evaluate the longitudinal and transverse thermal conductivity of this type of composite. The theoretical predictions were compared with experimental results, as well as with theoretical values yielded by some reliable formulae derived from other workers, and a reasonable agreement was found.
Determinants of the Acceptance of Sustainable Production Strategies in Conventional and Organic Dairying in Europe: An Empirical Analysis
Authors: Naspetti Simona , Mandolesi Serena , Buysse Jeroen , Latvala Terhi , Nicholas Philippa , Padel Susanne , Van Loo Ellen J. , Zanoli Raffaele
Published: August 2017

The goal of the study was to assess the farmers’ acceptance of three sustainable production strategies, namely ‘Agro-forestry’, ‘Alternative protein source’ and ‘Prolonged maternal feeding’. Data on the acceptance of these strategies were collected by a survey of dairy farmers in six EU countries (AT, BE, DK, FI, IT, UK). An extended version of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) was applied by means of Structural Equation Modelling to testing various hypotheses on attitudes and intentions of dairy farmers towards these novel production strategies, as well as the influence of organic practices and collaborative behaviours along the supply chain. We found that the most preferred strategy - across all countries - was soy substitution by alternative protein sources. We also found that the intention to adopt a sustainable production strategy may derive from the influence of opinions (and behaviours) of relevant others, showing the role of interactions among farmers and other stakeholders in the adoption of innovations. Finally, the perceived usefulness of all investigated strategies is higher for organic farmers, while collaborative patterns reduce the impact of subjective norm on usefulness and overall acceptance. Our findings should encourage policy makers to consider the important role of supply chain management practices, including collaboration, to enhance the sustainability of dairy farming systems.
Periarticular Liposomal Bupivacaine Injection Versus Intra-Articular Bupivacaine Infusion Catheter for Analgesia After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Smith Eric B. , Kazarian Gregory S. , Maltenfort Mitchell G. , Lonner Jess H. , Sharkey Peter F. , Good Robert P.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Intra-articular bupivacaine hydrochloride (HCl) infusion catheters and periarticular injections of liposomal bupivacaine are often used as postoperative local anesthetics. The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacies of these local anesthetics following total knee arthroplasty.

Methods:

This study was a superiority trial with a randomized, controlled, double-blinded design. Patients were randomly assigned to either delivery of bupivacaine HCl by the ON-Q* Pain Relief System pump (n = 96) or by an injection of Exparel (liposomal bupivacaine) (n = 104). The primary outcome of this study was cumulative narcotic consumption on postoperative days 0 through 3. Narcotic consumption data were collected retrospectively from in-hospital records while patients were in the hospital. Following discharge, narcotic consumption data were gathered from patient surveys, as were secondary outcomes measures.

Results:

We did not identify greater narcotic use in the ON-Q* group compared with the Exparel group (p = 0.641). The mean difference between the groups was 0.5 morphine equivalent (95% confidence interval [CI] = −1.7 to +2.8), with the ON-Q* group consuming an average 10.4 morphine equivalents (95% CI = 8.7 to 12.0) compared with 10.9 (95% CI = 9.3 to 12.5) in the Exparel group. There were no significant differences between groups with regard to any of the secondary measures of pain with the exception of pain while walking and pain with physical therapy (p = 0.019 and p = 0.010, respectively), both of which showed an approximately 1-point difference in favor of the ON-Q* group on a visual analog scale (VAS). There were also no differences in the postoperative side effects, including nausea, constipation, or vomiting, or in the rates of study-related complications, patient satisfaction, or length of hospital stay.

Conclusions:

Exparel did not have superior efficacy compared with the ON-Q* Pain Relief System as reflected by narcotic consumption, our primary outcome. There were small significant differences, in favor of the ON-Q* group, in 2 secondary measures of pain during activity, but these approximately 1-point VAS differences are unlikely to be clinically relevant. The choice of a local anesthetic modality should be based on a combination of safety, convenience, and cost considerations.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Timing of Postoperative Mechanical Loading Affects Healing Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Camp Christopher L. , Lebaschi Amir , Cong Guang-Ting , Album Zoe , Carballo Camila , Deng Xiang-Hua , Rodeo Scott A.
Published: August 2017

Background:

Following anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction, the mechanical loading of the tissues has a significant impact on tendon-to-bone healing. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the timing of the initiation of mechanical loading on healing of a tendon graft in a bone tunnel.

Methods:

ACL reconstruction using a flexor tendon autograft was performed in 56 mice randomized to 4 groups with differing times to initiation of postoperative mechanical loading: (1) immediate, (2) 5 days, (3) 10 days, or (4) 21 days following surgery. An external fixator was placed across the knee at the time of surgery and removed when mechanical loading was scheduled to commence. Following removal of the external fixator, animals were permitted free, unrestricted cage activity. All mice were killed on postoperative day 28, and tendon-to-bone healing was assessed by biomechanical testing, microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), and histological analysis.

Results:

The mean failure force (and standard deviation) of the reconstructed ACL at the time of sacrifice was highest for Group 2 (3.29 ± 0.68 N) compared with Groups 1, 3, and 4 (p = 0.008). Micro-CT bone volume fraction was greatest for Group 2 in the femoral tunnel (p = 0.001), tibial tunnel (p = 0.063), and both bones (p < 0.001). Similarly, histological analysis demonstrated a narrower scar tissue interface and increased direct contact at the tendon-bone interface (p = 0.012) for Group 2.

Conclusions:

Following ACL reconstruction, a defined period of immobilization without weight-bearing appears to improve biomechanical strength of the healing tendon-bone interface, while prolonged periods without mechanical load and motion decrease the ultimate load to failure in this murine model.

Clinical Relevance:

The ideal period of restricted weight-bearing and motion following ACL reconstruction remains undefined. In a murine model, improved healing was noted for animals immobilized for a brief period of 5 days. This work may serve as an initial step in determining the ideal time period in a clinical population.
Pump-Stroke Optimization: Case Study of Twenty-Well Pilot
Authors: Elmer William G. , Elmer John B.
Published: August 2017

Pump-stroke optimization (PSO) was developed to address problems encountered when rod pumping in rapidly changing flow regimes was observed with oil production from horizontal wellbores. Current Rod-Pump Controller (RPC) technology was developed for vertical wells. RPCs integrated with a variable-frequency drive (VFD) (hereafter, referred to as RPC-VFD) are often applied to horizontal wells. However, the results are often frequent full-spectrum speed changes and excessive low-pump-fillage events; both are undesirable.

A method that operators use to mitigate this problem is to manually reduce the maximum-working-speed setpoint to a value slightly above that required to handle all the daily production. This intervention must be performed routinely, and is counterproductive should the well see increased deliverability caused by events such as downtime or offset fracturing. PSO replaces human intervention by regularly adjusting the maximum working speed on the basis of analysis of several hours of observed pumping speeds and low-pump-fillage events.

Some RPC-VFDs allow for the downstroke to operate at a slower speed than the upstroke. For RPC-VFDs with this feature, the PSO device decreases the downstroke pumping speed preferentially, leaving the upstroke pumping speed unchanged until an operator set differential is reached. This practice results in less pump slippage, as well as additional time for evolving gas to exit the rod pump's gas anchor. This results in fewer strokes per day for the same production, which results in less downhole wear and less power consumption.

Field trials began in two Eagle Ford wells in March of 2015, with initial very successful results presented at an industry workshop in September 2015. An expanded twenty-well Eagle Ford pilot test was begun on 3 December 2015. Rather than handpicking wells that were similar to the initial two-well pilot, a wide range of production rates was chosen. After 45 days of operation, the following indicators were reviewed by the operator to determine overall success or failure:

Algorithm convergence (indicating successful PSO-device-supplied pumping speeds) Greater average pump fillage (earlier load transfer being better for downhole equipment) Fewer strokes per day without production loss (provided by greater fillage and less slippage) Higher bottom minimum stress in final rod taper (indicating reduced buckling tendency) Less electrical-power consumption

The data were obtained with standard industry supervisory control and data-acquisition (SCADA) software, as well as by manually reading power meters. In summary, the operator deemed ten wells highly successful, five marginally successful, and five not successful. The reasons contributing to success and failure will be explored to obtain higher success rates in future applications.
The Maximum-Allowable Well Depth While Performing Ultra-Extended-Reach Drilling From Shallow Water to Deepwater Target
Authors: Chen Xuyue , Gao Deli
Published: August 2017

Ultra-extended-reach wells can be drilled from one platform to develop the remote surrounding satellite oil and gas reservoirs in deepwater. Although the platform is in shallow water, some ultra-extended-reach wells can target the reservoirs in deep water. In ultra-extended-reach drilling from shallow water to deepwater target, some challenges that may be faced are the presence of low temperature, typically weak overburden sediments, unconsolidated formations, and a small sedimentary coverage above the reservoir. This results in a narrow safe-mud-weight window and a limited well depth for ultra-extended-reach drilling operation. In this work, considering the pressure balance of bottom hole including the specific thermal and seepage effects, a method for predicting the well's maximum-allowable measured depth (MD) (MAMD) while performing ultra-extended-reach drilling from shallow water to deepwater target is presented. Meanwhile the factors affecting the MAMD are also investigated. The study shows that seepage significantly affects the MAMD while performing ultra-extended-reach drilling from shallow water to deepwater target: seepage turns out to significantly decrease the MAMD whereas heating the formation is found to be helpful in extending the MAMD. It also shows that the predicted MAMD turns out to be obvious anisotropy; for a normal regime depositional environment, drilling in the direction of minimum horizontal in-situ stress in the formation is prone to attain a wider safe-mud-weight window and a longer MAMD than other directions. Moreover, for a given target zone, the ultra-extended-reach drilling with a horizontal bottom hole has a much longer MAMD than that of ultra-extended-reach drilling with an inclined bottom hole, and the MAMD can also be effectively increased by reducing the annular friction-pressure loss. This work provides a practical tool for enhancing the design of ultra-extended-reach wells to develop the remote satellite oil and gas reservoirs in deep water.
Patterns of NSAIDs Use and Their Association with Other Analgesic Use in CKD
Authors: Zhan Min , St. Peter Wendy L. , Doerfler Rebecca M. , Woods Corinne M. , Blumenthal Jacob B. , Diamantidis Clarissa J. , Hsu Chi-yuan , Lash James P. , Lustigova Eva , Mahone Erin B. , Ojo Akinlolu O. , Slaven Anne , Strauss Louise , Taliercio Jonathan J. , Winkelmayer Wolfgang C. , Xie Dawei , Fink Jeffery C. ,   the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study Investigators
Published: August 2017

Background and objectives

Avoiding nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is important for safe CKD care. This study examined nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use patterns and their association with other analgesic use in CKD.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study is an observational cohort study that enrolled 3939 adults ages 21–74 years old with CKD between 2003 and 2008 using age-based eGFR inclusion criteria. Annual visits between June of 2003 and December of 2011 were organized into 15,917 visit-pairs (with an antecedent and subsequent visit) for 3872 participants with medication information. Demographics, kidney function, and clinical factors were ascertained along with report of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug or other analgesic use in the prior 30 days.

Results

In our study, 24% of participants reported nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use at baseline or at least one follow-up study visit. Having a 10 ml/min per 1.73 m2 higher eGFR level at an antecedent visit was associated with higher odds of starting nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at a subsequent visit (odds ratio, 1.44; 95% confidence interval, 1.34 to 1.56). Seeing a nephrologist at the antecedent visit was associated with lower odds of starting or staying on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs at a subsequent visit (odds ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval, 0.56 to 0.87 and odds ratio, 0.61; 95% confidence interval, 0.46 to 0.81, respectively). Starting and stopping nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were both associated with higher odds of increasing the number of other analgesics (odds ratio, 1.52; 95% confidence interval, 1.25 to 1.85 and odds ratio, 1.78; 95% confidence interval, 1.39 to 2.28, respectively) and higher odds of increasing the number of opioid analgesics specifically (odds ratio, 1.92; 95% confidence interval, 1.48 to 2.48 and odds ratio, 1.46; 95% confidence interval, 1.04 to 2.03, respectively).

Conclusions

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use is common among patients with CKD but less so among those with worse kidney function or those who see a nephrologist. Initiation or discontinuation of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is often associated with supplementation with or replacement by, respectively, other analgesics, including opioids, which introduces possible drug-related problems when taking these alternative analgesics.
O currículo no contexto da sociedade contemporânea sob a perspectiva de professores da educação básica
Authors: Santos Adriana Regina de Jesus , Costa Rogerio da
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar percepções dos professores da educação básica em relação ao entendimento sobre currículo no contexto da sociedade contemporânea. Neste trabalho, a abordagem qualitativa foi utilizada como metodologia, sendo assim, a pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo formaram o conjunto de procedimentos investigativos. Os resultados indicam que os professores participantes de nosso estudo apresentam uma certa dificuldade em conceituar e compreender o currículo de maneira crítica e reflexiva. Entre as considerações finais, aponta-se  para o fato de que o docente necessita reler o mundo em que está inserido, especialmente as novas realidades ao seu redor.
Editorial
Authors: Brauna Rita de Cássia de Alcântara
Published: August 2017

Iniciamos o ano de 2017 com uma ótima notícia sobre a nossa revista. Na última avaliação de periódicos realizada pela CAPES, referente ao ano de 2015, Educação em Perspectiva obteve conceito B1, o que parece indicar que estamos na direção correta na busca da melhoria da qualidade do nosso periódico. Estamos trabalhando para o aprimoramento da editoração e da publicação da revista, visando ampliar a divulgação de resultados das pesquisas científicas dos diversos programas de pós-graduação em Educação do país, bem como estimular o uso dessas publicações pela comunidade de usuários de informação técnico-científica nacional e internacional. Para tal, seguimos empenhados na modernização e melhorias no seu processo editorial e de divulgação para a comunidade científica, a partir das seguintes ações: implementar publicação quadrimestral; ampliar indexações em novas bases de dados, Diretórios e portais; realizar configuração e validação de DOI; fazer aplicação de Ahead of Print; e promover a internacionalização da revista.
Herramientas software en el mundo del electromagnetismo computacional
Authors: Lozano-Plata Lorena
Published: August 2017

A partir de los años 80 y durante décadas, las herramientas de simulación empleadas en el mundo electromagnético computacional han tenido una gran demanda, pero hoy en día, gracias a los avances tecnológicos relacionados sobre todo con la computación y los métodos numéricos, ha hecho posible que, con mayor facilidad, se pueda investigar y realizar simulaciones electromagnéticas. Estas herramientas software abarcan un amplio margen de análisis y diseño, como son: el estudio de la compatibilidad electromagnética entre equipos en diferentes entornos, el diseño y análisis de antenas, análisis y diseño de circuitos, componentes pasivos de microondas, cálculo de la sección radar (Radar Cross Section, RCS) y de imágenes ISAR (Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar), análisis de antenas embarcadas sobre estructuras complejas, análisis Doppler, radio propagación tanto en entornos exteriores como en interiores, análisis de sistemas radio y estudio del acoplo entre antenas, etc.
Detección de eventos sonoros en señales de música usando procesos Gaussianos
Authors: Alvarado-Durán Pablo A. , Álvarez-López Mauricio A. , Orozco-Gutiérrez Álvaro A.
Published: August 2017

En este artículo se propone una metodología para detectar eventos sonoros en señales de música usando procesos Gaussianos. En el algoritmo presentado, las señales de audio de entrada son transformadas a un espacio tiempo-frecuencia utilizando la Transformada de Tiempo Corto de Fourier para obtener el espectrograma, cuya dimensión es posteriormente reducida pasando de la frecuencia en escala lineal en Hertz a la escala logarítmica en Mel por medio de un banco de filtros triangulares. Finalmente, se clasifica entre “evento” y “no evento” cada uno de los espectros de tiempo corto contenidos en el espectrograma en escala Mel por medio de un clasificador binario basado en procesos Gaussianos. Como parte del proceso de evaluación, se compara el desempeño de la metodología propuesta con el desempeño de algunas técnicas ampliamente utilizadas para detectar eventos en este tipo de señales. Para tal fin, se implementa en MATLAB® cada una de estas técnicas y se ponen a prueba utilizando dos bases de datos compuestas por segmentos de audio de diferente complejidad; definida por el tipo y cantidad de instrumentos tocados al mismo tiempo. Los resultados indican que la metodología propuesta supera el desempeño de las técnicas hasta ahora planteadas, presentando un mejoramiento en la medida F de 1,66 % para la base de datos uno y de 0,45 % para la base de datos dos.
Simulación del péndulo invertido rotacional usando Easy Java Simulations y Matlab
Authors: Rodríguez-Díaz Oscar O. , Téllez-Valderrama Edwin L. , Gutiérrez-Ramírez Diego A.
Published: August 2017

En este artículo se presenta el análisis, diseño y construcción de un simulador virtual, que representa gráficamente el comportamiento de un sistema no lineal como el del péndulo invertido rotacional. Esta interfaz se presenta por medio de un Applet de Java que permite a los usuarios hacer la variación de los parámetros del modelo, formando un puente entre los conceptos teóricos y los comportamientos reales del proceso. Del lado del servidor se utiliza Matlab/Simulink como motor de cálculo numérico dada su facilidad para construir modelos no lineales mediante diagramas de bloques. La interfaz de usuario ha sido diseñada mediante la herramienta de software gratuito Easy Java Simulations, que permite crear aplicaciones gráficas con alto grado de interactivi-dad como interfaces con objetos en 3D. Esta herramienta es de gran ayuda para la enseñanza del control automático.