bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Verhaltensprobleme gemeinsam lösen! Wie sich multiprofessionelle Teams nach dem RTI-Modell effektiv organisieren lassen
Authors: Huber Christian
Published: October 2015

Zusammenfassung. Im Beitrag wird skizziert, wie die Unterstützung von Schülerinnen und Schülern mit Verhaltensauffälligkeiten in der Praxis effektiv nach dem Response-to-Intervention-Modell (RTI) organisiert werden kann. Im Mittelpunkt steht dabei die Einrichtung Multiprofessioneller Teams. Der Beitrag gibt zunächst einen kurzen Überblick über das RTI-Modell. Aus dem Modell werden mit der Einrichtung Multiprofessioneller Teams und der Implementation einer engmaschigen Verlaufsdiagnostik zwei zentrale Merkmale einer effizienten Unterstützung bei Verhaltensauffälligkeiten in der Schule abgeleitet. Im zweiten Teil wird der „Problem-Solving“-Ansatz dargestellt, durch den Multiprofessionelle Teams eine stringente und lösungsorientierte Grundausrichtung erhalten. Darauf aufbauend wird im dritten Teil die Methode des Direct Behavior Ratings skizziert, mit der schulische und außerschulische Interventionen ohne nennenswerten Zeitaufwand in der schulischen Praxis evaluiert werden können. RTI wird dabei als pragmatisches Praxiskonzept betrachtet, bei dem alles sinnvoll ist, was sich im Rahmen einer Verlaufsdiagnostik als wirksam erweist.
Preventive Interventions for Children and Adolescents
Authors: Gutman Leslie Morrison , Schoon Ingrid
Published: October 2015

Abstract. This systematic review examines the meta-analytic evidence on four broad categories of preventive interventions for children and adolescents, including: mentoring, service learning, outdoor adventure, and social and emotional learning (SEL) programs. There were 15 meta-analytic studies that fit the criteria for inclusion. For each intervention type, the target population, main implementation strategies, and meta-analytic evidence are reported. The review considers the effectiveness of these preventive interventions across various content areas and populations, providing an indication of which type of intervention has the strongest effects on what outcomes, where they are most beneficial, and for whom they are most promising. Experimental evidence has demonstrated that mentoring, service learning, outdoor adventure, and SEL programs can all promote positive development and prevent problematic behaviors. Overall, service learning, outdoor adventure, and SEL programs have shown small to large effects on a variety of outcomes, while mentoring has shown small but significant effects. The review concludes with a discussion of key criteria that should be considered when choosing a particular program type.
On the Rocks: The Challenges of Predicting Sea Level Rise
Authors: Holland David , Holland Denise
Published: October 2015

As the loss of West Antarctica's ice sheet threatens to raise sea level and flood the world's coasts, scientists must improve projections by understanding the physics where glaciers meet the ocean.
The Perils of Automaticity
Authors: Toner John , Montero Barbara Gail , Moran Aidan
Published: October 2015

Classical theories of skill acquisition propose that automatization (i.e., performance requires progressively less attention as experience is acquired) is a defining characteristic of expertise in a variety of domains (e.g., Fitts & Posner, 1967 ). Automaticity is believed to enhance smooth and efficient skill execution by allowing performers to focus on strategic elements of performance rather than on the mechanical details that govern task implementation ( Williams & Ford, 2008 ). By contrast, conscious processing (i.e., paying conscious attention to one's action during motor execution) has been found to disrupt skilled movement and performance proficiency (e.g., Beilock & Carr, 2001 ). On the basis of this evidence, researchers have tended to extol the virtues of automaticity. However, few researchers have considered the wide range of empirical evidence which indicates that highly automated behaviors can, on occasion, lead to a series of errors that may prove deleterious to skilled performance. Therefore, the purpose of the current paper is to highlight the perils, rather than the virtues, of automaticity. We draw on Reason's (1990) classification scheme of everyday errors to show how an overreliance on automated procedures may lead to 3 specific performance errors (i.e., mistakes, slips, and lapses) in a variety of skill domains (e.g., sport, dance, music). We conclude by arguing that skilled performance requires the dynamic interplay of automatic processing and conscious processing in order to avoid performance errors and to meet the contextually contingent demands that characterize competitive environments in a range of skill domains.
Activation and lysis of human CD4 cells latently infected with HIV-1
Authors: Pegu Amarendra , Asokan Mangaiarkarasi , Wu Lan , Wang Keyun , Hataye Jason , Casazza Joseph P. , Guo Xiaoti , Shi Wei , Georgiev Ivelin , Zhou Tongqing , Chen Xuejun , O’Dell Sijy , Todd John-Paul , Kwong Peter D. , Rao Srinivas S. , Yang Zhi-yong , Koup Richard A. , Mascola John R. , Nabel Gary J.
Published: October 2015

The treatment of AIDS with combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) remains lifelong largely because the virus persists in latent reservoirs. Elimination of latently infected cells could therefore reduce treatment duration and facilitate immune reconstitution. Here we report an approach to reduce the viral reservoir by activating dormant viral gene expression and directing T lymphocytes to lyse previously latent, HIV-1-infected cells. An immunomodulatory protein was created that combines the specificity of a HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibody with that of an antibody to the CD3 component of the T-cell receptor. CD3 engagement by the protein can stimulate T-cell activation that induces proviral gene expression in latently infected T cells. It further stimulates CD8 T-cell effector function and redirects T cells to lyse these previously latent-infected cells through recognition of newly expressed Env. This immunomodulatory protein could potentially help to eliminate latently infected cells and deplete the viral reservoir in HIV-1-infected individuals.
Electric eels use high-voltage to track fast-moving prey
Authors: Catania Kenneth C.
Published: October 2015

Electric eels (Electrophorus electricus) are legendary for their ability to incapacitate fish, humans, and horses with hundreds of volts of electricity. The function of this output as a weapon has been obvious for centuries but its potential role for electroreception has been overlooked. Here it is shown that electric eels use high-voltage simultaneously as a weapon and for precise and rapid electrolocation of fast-moving prey and conductors. Their speed, accuracy, and high-frequency pulse rate are reminiscent of bats using a ‘terminal feeding buzz’ to track insects. Eel’s exhibit ‘sensory conflict’ when mechanosensory and electrosensory cues are separated, striking first toward mechanosensory cues and later toward conductors. Strikes initiated in the absence of conductors are aborted. In addition to providing new insights into the evolution of strongly electric fish and showing electric eels to be far more sophisticated than previously described, these findings reveal a trait with markedly dichotomous functions.
Sex-specific regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion by synaptotagmin 9
Authors: Roper Lindsey K. , Briguglio Joseph S. , Evans Chantell S. , Jackson Meyer B. , Chapman Edwin R.
Published: October 2015

The anterior pituitary releases six different hormones that control virtually all aspects of vertebrate physiology, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying their Ca2+-triggered release remain unknown. A subset of the synaptotagmin (syt) family of proteins serve as Ca2+ sensors for exocytosis in neurons and neuroendocrine cells, and are thus likely to regulate pituitary hormone secretion. Here we show that numerous syt isoforms are highly expressed in the pituitary gland in a lobe, and sex-specific manner. We further investigated a Ca2+-activated isoform, syt-9, and found that it is expressed in a subpopulation of anterior pituitary cells, the gonadotropes. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and syt-9 are highly co-localized in female, but not male, mice. Loss of syt-9 results in diminished basal and stimulated FSH secretion only in females, resulting in alterations in the oestrus cycle. This work uncovers a new function for syt-9 and reveals a novel sex difference in reproductive hormone secretion.
Extremely durable biofouling-resistant metallic surfaces based on electrodeposited nanoporous tungstite films on steel
Authors: Tesler Alexander B. , Kim Philseok , Kolle Stefan , Howell Caitlin , Ahanotu Onye , Aizenberg Joanna
Published: October 2015

Formation of unwanted deposits on steels during their interaction with liquids is an inherent problem that often leads to corrosion, biofouling and results in reduction in durability and function. Here we report a new route to form anti-fouling steel surfaces by electrodeposition of nanoporous tungsten oxide (TO) films. TO-modified steels are as mechanically durable as bare steel and highly tolerant to compressive and tensile stresses due to chemical bonding to the substrate and island-like morphology. When inherently superhydrophilic TO coatings are converted to superhydrophobic, they remain non-wetting even after impingement with yttria-stabilized-zirconia particles, or exposure to ultraviolet light and extreme temperatures. Upon lubrication, these surfaces display omniphobicity against highly contaminating media retaining hitherto unseen mechanical durability. To illustrate the applicability of such a durable coating in biofouling conditions, we modified naval construction steels and surgical instruments and demonstrated significantly reduced marine algal film adhesion, Escherichia coli attachment and blood staining.
Association between antipsychotic/antidepressant drug treatments and hospital admissions in schizophrenia assessed using a mental health case register
Authors: Cardinal Rudolf N , Savulich George , Mann Louisa M , Fernández-Egea Emilio
Published: October 2015

Background:

The impact of psychotropic drug choice upon admissions for schizophrenia is not well understood.

Aims:

To examine the association between antipsychotic/antidepressant use and time in hospital for patients with schizophrenia.

Methods:

We conducted an observational study, using 8 years’ admission records and electronically generated drug histories from an institution providing secondary mental health care in Cambridgeshire, UK, covering the period 2005–2012 inclusive. Patients with a coded ICD-10 diagnosis of schizophrenia were selected. The primary outcome measure was the time spent as an inpatient in a psychiatric unit. Antipsychotic and antidepressant drugs used by at least 5% of patients overall were examined for associations with admissions. Periods before and after drug commencement were compared for patients having pre-drug admissions, in mirror-image analyses correcting for overall admission rates. Drug use in one 6-month calendar period was used to predict admissions in the next period, across all patients, in a regression analysis accounting for the effects of all other drugs studied and for time.

Results:

In mirror-image analyses, sulpiride, aripiprazole, clozapine, and olanzapine were associated with fewer subsequent admission days. In regression analyses, sulpiride, mirtazapine, venlafaxine, and clozapine–aripiprazole and clozapine–amisulpride combinations were associated with fewer subsequent admission days.

Conclusions:

Use of these drugs was associated with fewer days in hospital. Causation is not implied and these findings require confirmation by randomized controlled trials.
Selector function of MHC I molecules is determined by protein plasticity
Authors: Bailey Alistair , Dalchau Neil , Carter Rachel , Emmott Stephen , Phillips Andrew , Werner Jörn M. , Elliott Tim
Published: October 2015

The selection of peptides for presentation at the surface of most nucleated cells by major histocompatibility complex class I molecules (MHC I) is crucial to the immune response in vertebrates. However, the mechanisms of the rapid selection of high affinity peptides by MHC I from amongst thousands of mostly low affinity peptides are not well understood. We developed computational systems models encoding distinct mechanistic hypotheses for two molecules, HLA-B*44:02 (B*4402) and HLA-B*44:05 (B*4405), which differ by a single residue yet lie at opposite ends of the spectrum in their intrinsic ability to select high affinity peptides. We used in vivo biochemical data to infer that a conformational intermediate of MHC I is significant for peptide selection. We used molecular dynamics simulations to show that peptide selector function correlates with protein plasticity and confirmed this experimentally by altering the plasticity of MHC I with a single point mutation, which altered in vivo selector function in a predictable way. Finally, we investigated the mechanisms by which the co-factor tapasin influences MHC I plasticity. We propose that tapasin modulates MHC I plasticity by dynamically coupling the peptide binding region and α3 domain of MHC I allosterically, resulting in enhanced peptide selector function.
The non-octarepeat copper binding site of the prion protein is a key regulator of prion conversion
Authors: Giachin Gabriele , Mai Phuong Thao , Tran Thanh Hoa , Salzano Giulia , Benetti Federico , Migliorati Valentina , Arcovito Alessandro , Longa Stefano Della , Mancini Giordano , D’Angelo Paola , Legname Giuseppe
Published: October 2015

The conversion of the prion protein (PrPC) into prions plays a key role in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Despite the importance for pathogenesis, the mechanism of prion formation has escaped detailed characterization due to the insoluble nature of prions. PrPC interacts with copper through octarepeat and non-octarepeat binding sites. Copper coordination to the non-octarepeat region has garnered interest due to the possibility that this interaction may impact prion conversion. We used X-ray absorption spectroscopy to study copper coordination at pH 5.5 and 7.0 in human PrPC constructs, either wild-type (WT) or carrying pathological mutations. We show that mutations and pH cause modifications of copper coordination in the non-octarepeat region. In the WT at pH 5.5, copper is anchored to His96 and His111, while at pH 7 it is coordinated by His111. Pathological point mutations alter the copper coordination at acidic conditions where the metal is anchored to His111. By using in vitro approaches, cell-based and computational techniques, we propose a model whereby PrPC coordinating copper with one His in the non-octarepeat region converts to prions at acidic condition. Thus, the non-octarepeat region may act as the long-sought-after prion switch, critical for disease onset and propagation.
Combinatorial RNA Interference Therapy Prevents Selection of Pre-existing HBV Variants in Human Liver Chimeric Mice
Authors: Shih Yao-Ming , Sun Cheng-Pu , Chou Hui-Hsien , Wu Tzu-Hui , Chen Chun-Chi , Wu Ping-Yi , Enya Chen Yu-Chen , Bissig Karl-Dimiter , Tao Mi-Hua
Published: October 2015

Selection of escape mutants with mutations within the target sequence could abolish the antiviral RNA interference activity. Here, we investigated the impact of a pre-existing shRNA-resistant HBV variant on the efficacy of shRNA therapy. We previously identified a highly potent shRNA, S1, which, when delivered by an adeno-associated viral vector, effectively inhibits HBV replication in HBV transgenic mice. We applied the “PICKY” software to systemically screen the HBV genome, then used hydrodynamic transfection and HBV transgenic mice to identify additional six highly potent shRNAs. Human liver chimeric mice were infected with a mixture of wild-type and T472C HBV, a S1-resistant HBV variant and then treated with a single or combined shRNAs. The presence of T472C mutant compromised the therapeutic efficacy of S1 and resulted in replacement of serum wild-type HBV by T472C HBV. In contrast, combinatorial therapy using S1 and P28, one of six potent shRNAs, markedly reduced titers for both wild-type and T472C HBV. Interestingly, treatment with P28 alone led to the emergence of escape mutants with mutations in the P28 target region. Our results demonstrate that combinatorial RNAi therapy can minimize the escape of resistant viral mutants in chronic HBV patients.
Pretreatment with β-Boswellic Acid Improves Blood Stasis Induced Endothelial Dysfunction: Role of eNOS Activation
Authors: Wang Mingming , Chen Minchun , Ding Yi , Zhu Zhihui , Zhang Yikai , Wei Peifeng , Wang Jingwen , Qiao Yi , Li Liang , Li Yuwen , Wen Aidong
Published: October 2015

Vascular endothelial cells play an important role in modulating anti-thrombus and maintaining the natural function of vascular by secreting many active substances. β-boswellic acid (β-BA) is an active triterpenoid compound from the extract of boswellia serrate. In this study, it is demonstrated that β-BA ameliorates plasma coagulation parameters, protects endothelium from blood stasis induced injury and prevents blood stasis induced impairment of endothelium-dependent vasodilatation. Moreover, it is found that β-BA significantly increases nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic guanosine 3’, 5’-monophosphate (cGMP) levels in carotid aortas of blood stasis rats. To stimulate blood stasis-like conditions in vitro, human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were exposed to transient oxygen and glucose deprivation (OGD). Treatment of β-BA significantly increased intracellular NO level. Western blot and immunofluorescence as well as immunohistochemistry reveal that β-BA increases phosphorylation of enzyme nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) at Ser1177. In addition, β-BA mediated endothelium-dependent vasodilatation can be markedly blocked by eNOS inhibitor L-NAME in blood stasis rats. In OGD treated HUEVCs, the protective effect of β-BA is attenuated by knockdown of eNOS. In conclusion, the above findings provide convincing evidence for the protective effects of β-BA on blood stasis induced endothelial dysfunction by eNOS signaling pathway.
The N-cadherin cytoplasmic domain confers anchorage-independent growth and the loss of contact inhibition
Authors: Ozawa Masayuki
Published: October 2015

Tumor growth is characterized by anchorage independence and the loss of contact inhibition. Previously, we showed that either a red fluorescent protein (DsRed)-tagged N-cadherin or E-cadherin cytoplasmic domain (DNCT or DECT) could function as a dominant negative inhibitor by blocking the cell surface localization of endogenous E-cadherin and inducing cell dissociation. Here, we show that expression of DNCT abrogated contact inhibition of proliferation and conferred anchorage-independent growth. DNCT expression induced the relocation of the tumor suppressor Merlin from the cell surface to intracellular compartments. Although DNCT expression induced redistribution of TAZ from the cytoplasm to the nucleus, YAP/TAZ signaling was not activated. An E-cadherin–α-catenin chimera that functions as a β-catenin–independent cell adhesion molecule restored contact inhibition and anchorage-dependency of growth. Addition of the SV40 large T antigen nuclear localization signal reversed the effects of DNCT expression, indicating that DNCT functioned outside of the nucleus.
Pathophysiological analyses of cortical malformation using gyrencephalic mammals
Authors: Masuda Kosuke , Toda Tomohisa , Shinmyo Yohei , Ebisu Haruka , Hoshiba Yoshio , Wakimoto Mayu , Ichikawa Yoshie , Kawasaki Hiroshi
Published: October 2015

One of the most prominent features of the cerebral cortex of higher mammals is the presence of gyri. Because malformations of the cortical gyri are associated with severe disability in brain function, the mechanisms underlying malformations of the cortical gyri have been of great interest. Combining gyrencephalic carnivore ferrets and genetic manipulations using in utero electroporation, here we successfully recapitulated the cortical phenotypes of thanatophoric dysplasia (TD) by expressing fibroblast growth factor 8 in the ferret cerebral cortex. Strikingly, in contrast to TD mice, our TD ferret model showed not only megalencephaly but also polymicrogyria. We further uncovered that outer radial glial cells (oRGs) and intermediate progenitor cells (IPs) were markedly increased. Because it has been proposed that increased oRGs and/or IPs resulted in the appearance of cortical gyri during evolution, it seemed possible that increased oRGs and IPs underlie the pathogenesis of polymicrogyria. Our findings should help shed light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the formation and malformation of cortical gyri in higher mammals.
Interactive Volumetry Of Liver Ablation Zones
Authors: Egger Jan , Busse Harald , Brandmaier Philipp , Seider Daniel , Gawlitza Matthias , Strocka Steffen , Voglreiter Philip , Dokter Mark , Hofmann Michael , Kainz Bernhard , Hann Alexander , Chen Xiaojun , Alhonnoro Tuomas , Pollari Mika , Schmalstieg Dieter , Moche Michael
Published: October 2015

Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a minimally invasive technique that destroys cancer cells by heat. The heat results from focusing energy in the radiofrequency spectrum through a needle. Amongst others, this can enable the treatment of patients who are not eligible for an open surgery. However, the possibility of recurrent liver cancer due to incomplete ablation of the tumor makes post-interventional monitoring via regular follow-up scans mandatory. These scans have to be carefully inspected for any conspicuousness. Within this study, the RF ablation zones from twelve post-interventional CT acquisitions have been segmented semi-automatically to support the visual inspection. An interactive, graph-based contouring approach, which prefers spherically shaped regions, has been applied. For the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the algorithm’s results, manual slice-by-slice segmentations produced by clinical experts have been used as the gold standard (which have also been compared among each other). As evaluation metric for the statistical validation, the Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) has been calculated. The results show that the proposed tool provides lesion segmentation with sufficient accuracy much faster than manual segmentation. The visual feedback and interactivity make the proposed tool well suitable for the clinical workflow.
High variability of genomic instability and gene expression profiling in different HeLa clones
Authors: Frattini Annalisa , Fabbri Marco , Valli Roberto , De Paoli Elena , Montalbano Giuseppe , Gribaldo Laura , Pasquali Francesco , Maserati Emanuela
Published: October 2015

The HeLa cell line is one of the most popular cell lines in biomedical research, despite its well-known chromosomal instability. We compared the genomic and transcriptomic profiles of 4 different HeLa batches and showed that the gain and loss of genomic material varies widely between batches, drastically affecting basal gene expression. Moreover, different pathways were activated in response to a hypoxic stimulus. Our study emphasizes the large genomic and transcriptomic variability among different batches, to the point that the same experiment performed with different batches can lead to distinct conclusions and irreproducible results. The HeLa cell line is thought to be a unique cell line but it is clear that substantial differences between the primary tumour and the human genome exist and that an indeterminate number of HeLa cell lines may exist, each with a unique genomic profile.
Caerulomycin A inhibits Th2 cell activity: a possible role in the management of asthma
Authors: Kujur Weshely , Gurram Rama Krishna , Haleem Nazia , Maurya Sudeep K. , Agrewala Javed N.
Published: October 2015

We have recently demonstrated that Caerulomycin A induces regulatory T cells differentiation by suppressing Th1 cells activity. The role of regulatory T cells is well established in suppressing the function of Th2 cells. Th2 cells are known to inflict the induction of the activation of asthma. Consequently, in the present study, we monitored the influence of Caerulomycin A in inhibiting the activity of Th2 cells and its impact in recuperating asthma symptoms. Interestingly, we observed that Caerulomycin A significantly suppressed the differentiation of Th2 cells, as evidenced by downregulation in the GATA-3 expression. Further, decline in the levels of IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 cytokines and IgE was noted in the animals suffering from asthma. Furthermore, we noticed substantial suppression in the inflammatory response and number of eosinophils in the lungs. In essence, this study signifies an important therapeutic role of Caerulomycin A in asthma.
How to Regenerate and Protect Desert Riparian Populus euphratica Forest in Arid Areas
Authors: Ling Hongbo , Zhang Pei , Xu Hailiang , Zhao Xinfeng
Published: October 2015

We found that the most suitable flooding disturbance model for regenerating Populus euphratica forest was two to three times per year with a duration of 15–20 days and an intensity of 25–30 m3/s. The flooding should take place during the seed emergence to young tree growth stages and should be based on flooding experiments and data from vegetation quadrats and ecological water conveyance. Furthermore, we found that tree-ring width index for P. euphratica declined as the groundwater depth increased and ascertained that the minimum groundwater depths for young trees, near-mature trees, mature trees and over-mature trees were 4.0 m, 5.0–5.4 m, 6.9 m and 7.8 m, respectively. These were derived from a quantitative relationship model between groundwater depth and tree-ring width index. The range for ecological water conveyance volume was 311–320 million m3 in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. This study not only provides a technical basis for sustainable ecological water conveyance in the Tarim River Basin, but also offers a theoretical guide and scientific information that could be used in similar areas to regenerate and protect Populus euphratica around the world.
Endogenous vs Exogenous Allosteric Modulators in GPCRs: A dispute for shuttling CB1 among different membrane microenvironments
Authors: Stornaiuolo Mariano , Bruno Agostino , Botta Lorenzo , Regina Giuseppe La , Cosconati Sandro , Silvestri Romano , Marinelli Luciana , Novellino Ettore
Published: October 2015

A Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) binding site for the selective allosteric modulator ORG27569 is here identified through an integrate approach of consensus pocket prediction, mutagenesis studies and Mass Spectrometry. This unprecedented ORG27569 pocket presents the structural features of a Cholesterol Consensus Motif, a cholesterol interacting region already found in other GPCRs. ORG27569 and cholesterol affects oppositely CB1 affinity for orthosteric ligands. Moreover, the rise in cholesterol intracellular level results in CB1 trafficking to the axonal region of neuronal cells, while, on the contrary, ORG27568 binding induces CB1 enrichment at the soma. This control of receptor migration among functionally different membrane regions of the cell further contributes to downstream signalling and adds a previously unknown mechanism underpinning CB1 modulation by ORG27569 , that goes beyond a mere control of receptor affinity for orthosteric ligands.
Quantum Rabi Model with Trapped Ions
Authors: Pedernales J. S. , Lizuain I. , Felicetti S. , Romero G. , Lamata L. , Solano E.
Published: October 2015

We propose the quantum simulation of the quantum Rabi model in all parameter regimes by means of detuned bichromatic sideband excitations of a single trapped ion. We show that current setups can reproduce, in particular, the ultrastrong and deep strong coupling regimes of such a paradigmatic light-matter interaction. Furthermore, associated with these extreme dipolar regimes, we study the controlled generation and detection of their entangled ground states by means of adiabatic methods. Ion traps have arguably performed the first quantum simulation of the Jaynes-Cummings model, a restricted regime of the quantum Rabi model where the rotating-wave approximation holds. We show that one can go beyond and experimentally investigate the quantum simulation of coupling regimes of the quantum Rabi model that are difficult to achieve with natural dipolar interactions.
DNA binding protein identification by combining pseudo amino acid composition and profile-based protein representation
Authors: Liu Bin , Wang Shanyi , Wang Xiaolong
Published: October 2015

DNA-binding proteins play an important role in most cellular processes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an efficient predictor for identifying DNA-binding proteins only based on the sequence information of proteins. The bottleneck for constructing a useful predictor is to find suitable features capturing the characteristics of DNA binding proteins. We applied PseAAC to DNA binding protein identification and PseAAC was further improved by incorporating the evolutionary information by using profile-based protein representation. Finally, Combined with Support Vector Machines (SVMs), a predictor called iDNAPro-PseAAC was proposed. Experimental results on an updated benchmark dataset showed that iDNAPro-PseAAC outperformed some state-of-the-art approaches and it can achieve stable performance on an independent dataset. By using an ensemble learning approach to incorporate more negative samples (non-DNA binding proteins) in the training process, the performance of iDNAPro-PseAAC was further improved. The web server of iDNAPro-PseAAC is available at http://bioinformatics.hitsz.edu.cn/iDNAPro-PseAAC/.
TYR as a multifunctional reporter gene regulated by the Tet-on system for multimodality imaging: an in vitro study
Authors: Feng Hongyan , Xia Xiaotian , Li Chongjiao , Song Yiling , Qin Chunxia , Zhang Yongxue , Lan Xiaoli
Published: October 2015

The human tyrosinase gene TYR is a multifunctional reporter gene with potential use in photoacoustic imaging (PAI), positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We sought to establish and evaluate a reporter gene system using TYR under the control of the Tet-on gene expression system (gene expression induced by doxycycline [Dox]) as a multimodality imaging agent. We transfected TYR into human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231), naming the resulting cell line 231-TYR. Using non-transfected MDA-MB-231 cells as a control, we verified successful expression of TYR by 231-TYR after incubation with Dox using western blot, cellular tyrosinase activity, Masson-Fontana silver staining and a cell immunofluorescence study, while the control cells and 231-TYR cells without Dox exposure revealed no TYR expression. Detected by its absorbance at 405 nm, increasing concentrations of melanin correlated positively with Dox concentration and incubation time. TYR expression by Dox-induced transfected cells shortened MRI T1 and T2 relaxation times. Photoacoustic signals were easily detected in these cells. 18F-5-fluoro-N-(2-[diethylamino]ethyl)picolinamide (18F-5-FPN), which targets melanin, quickly accumulated in Dox-induced 231-TYR cells. These show that TYR induction of melanin production is regulated by the Tet-on system and TYR-containing indicator cells may have utility in multimodality imaging.
Revealing the working mechanism of polymer photodetectors with ultra-high external quantum efficiency
Authors: Li Lingliang , Zhang Fujun , Wang Wenbin , Fang Yanjun , Huang Jinsong
Published: October 2015

Only the trapped electrons in PC71BM near the Al electrode are beneficial to hole tunneling injection from the Al electrode.
Synthesis of 2-(lutidinyl)organoboranes and their reactivities against dihydrogen and pinacol borane
Authors: Zheng Junhao , Lin Yue-Jian , Wang Huadong
Published: October 2015

The reactivity of two 2,4,6-tris(trifluoromethyl)phenyl-substituted 2-(lutidinyl)organoboranes as intramolecular frustrated Lewis pairs was investigated.
Coupling between apical tension and basal adhesion allow epithelia to collectively sense and respond to substrate topography over long distances
Authors: Broaders Kyle E. , Cerchiari Alec E. , Gartner Zev J.
Published: October 2015

Epithelia have the capacity to sense and respond to substrate topography through the coupling of tensions at the cell–cell, cell–substrate, and cell–medium interfaces.
Versatile multiple protein nanopatterning within a microfluidic channel for cell recruitment studies
Authors: Andersen A. S. , Zheng W. F. , Sutherland D. S. , Jiang X. Y.
Published: October 2015

A nanopatterned microfluidic channel with variable protein compositions and potential use in leukocyte recruitment studies and cancer cell extravasation models is presented.
A facile one pot route for the synthesis of imide tethered peptidomimetics
Authors: Panduranga Veladi , Prabhu Girish , Kumar Roopesh , Basavaprabhu Basavaprabhu , Sureshbabu Vommina V.
Published: October 2015

A simple and efficient method for the synthesis of N,N’-orthogonally protected imide tethered peptidomimetics is presented. The imide peptidomimetics were synthesized by coupling the in situ generated selenocarboxylate of Nα-protected amino acids with Nα-protected amino acid azides in good yields.
Monomer sequence determination in the living anionic copolymerization of styrene and asymmetric bi-functionalized 1,1-diphenylethylene derivatives
Authors: Sang Wei , Ma Hongwei , Wang Qiuyun , Hao Xinyu , Zheng Yubin , Wang Yurong , Li Yang
Published: October 2015

In-chain functionalized polystyrenes with different sequential arrangements of functional groups are preparedvialiving anionic copolymerization. The sequence structures are determined by time sampling to establish the sequence-determination method.
A hybrid composite of gold and graphene oxide as a PCR enhancer
Authors: Jeong Ha Young , Baek Seung Hun , Chang Sung-Jin , Yang MinHo , Lee Seok Jae , Lee Kyoung G. , Park Tae Jung
Published: October 2015

A hybrid composite of Au/GO was synthesized and its capability as a PCR enhancer was demonstrated.
Tuning the size and the photocatalytic performance of gold nanoparticles in situ generated in photopolymerizable glycomonomers
Authors: Chibac Andreea L. , Buruiana Tinca , Melinte Violeta , Mangalagiu Ionel , Buruiana Emil C.
Published: October 2015

Polymer nanocomposites containing Au NPs in situ photogenerated during the UV-curing process were prepared starting from methacrylated glycomonomers with α-d-glucofuranose or d-mannitol structural units, other mono(di)methacrylates and AuCl3.
64CuCl2 produced by direct neutron activation route as a cost-effective probe for cancer imaging: the journey has begun
Authors: Chakravarty Rubel , Chakraborty Sudipta , Vimalnath K. V. , Shetty Priyalata , Sarma Haladhar Dev , Hassan P. A. , Dash Ashutosh
Published: October 2015

Neutron activated 64CuCl2 is a cost-effective PET probe for non-invasive visualization of various types of cancers.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4–ZnO/HNT composite heterostructure photocatalysts for degradation of tetracycline under visible light irradiation
Authors: Li Jinze , Zhou Mingjun , Ye Zhefei , Wang Huiqin , Ma Changchang , Huo Pengwei , Yan Yongsheng
Published: October 2015

These two graphs displayed are: (1) schematic illustration on fabricating g-C3N4–ZnO/HNTs photocatalysts; (2) schematic diagram of the reaction mechanism for g-C3N4–ZnO/HNTs composite under visible light irradiation.
A family of mixed-ligand oxidovanadium(v) complexes with aroylhydrazone ligands: a combined experimental and computational study on the electronic effects of para substituents of hydrazone ligands on the electronic properties, DNA binding and nuclease activities
Authors: Patra Debashis , Biswas Nirmalendu , Kumari Bhavini , Das Prolay , Sepay Nayim , Chatterjee Shamba , Drew Michael G. B. , Ghosh Tapas
Published: October 2015

Substituents at 5-position in the acetophenone ring of the hydrazone ligands in a family of mixed-ligand oxidovanadium(v) complexes show marked influence on the electronic properties, DNA binding ability and nuclease activity.
Enhancing photoresponsivity of self-powered UV photodetectors based on electrochemically reduced TiO2 nanorods
Authors: Yan Pengli , Wu Yihui , Liu Guiji , Li Ailong , Han Hongxian , Feng Zhaochi , Shi Jingying , Gan Yang , Li Can
Published: October 2015

Enhanced photoresponsivity of the R-NRA device is due to the enhancement of charge separation and transfer at the electrode/electrolyte interface.
Hydrothermal synthesis of 2D MoS2 nanosheets for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Muralikrishna S. , Manjunath K. , Samrat D. , Reddy Viswanath , Ramakrishnappa T. , Nagaraju D. H.
Published: October 2015

Herein, we have designed and synthesized highly electocatalytically active 2D MoS2 nanosheets (NS), by a facile hydrothermal method, for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER).
Synthesis of 2-anilinopyridine–arylpropenone conjugates as tubulin inhibitors and apoptotic inducers
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Reddy Vangala Santhosh , Vishnuvardhan M. V. P. S. , Kumar G. Bharath , Shaik Anver Basha , Chourasiya Sumit S. , Reddy M. Kashi , Sayeed Ibrahim Bin , Adiyala Praveen Reddy , Jain Nishant
Published: October 2015

2-Anilinopyridine–arylpropenone conjugates as novel tubulin inhibitors and apoptotic inducers.
Electrochemical degradation of RB19 dye using low-frequency alternating current: effect of a square wave
Authors: Hoseinzadeh Edris , Rezaee Abbas
Published: October 2015

This study mainly aims to investigate the effects of alternating current (AC) on Remazol Brilliant Blue R (RB19) dye removal from aqueous solutions by an electrochemical (EC) process.
Enhanced photocatalytic activity for the degradation of rhodamine B by integrating salinity gradient power into a photocatalytic fuel cell
Authors: Sui Mingrui , Dong Yue , You Hong
Published: October 2015

The system takes advantage of the junction potential created by a difference in salinity to enhance the degradation of rhodamine B (RhB).
One-pot synthesis of fluorescent and cross-linked polyphosphazene nanoparticles for highly sensitive and selective detection of dopamine in body fluids
Authors: Wang Daquan , Hu Ying , Meng Lingjie , Wang Xiaochi , Lu Qinghua
Published: October 2015

Highly cross-linked and monodisperse polyphosphazene (PZS) nanoparticles exhibiting strong fluorescence were prepared by the facile one-pot polycondensation of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene and 4′,5′-dibromofluorescein (DBF).
Synthesis, structure, and reactions of a copper–sulfido cluster comprised of the parent Cu2S unit: {(NHC)Cu}2(μ-S)
Authors: Zhai Junjie , Filatov Alexander S. , Hillhouse Gregory L. , Hopkins Michael D.
Published: October 2015

The first CuI2(μ-S) complex, {(IPr*)Cu}2(μ-S) (IPr* = 1,3-bis(2,6-(diphenylmethyl)-4-methylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene), has been synthesized, and its structure has been characterized crystallographically.
Chirality sensing of tertiary alcohols by a novel strong hydrogen-bonding donor – selenourea
Authors: Bian Guangling , Yang Shiwei , Huang Huayin , Zong Hua , Song Ling , Fan Hongjun , Sun Xiaoqiang
Published: October 2015

In this paper, a novel type of chiral bisselenourea sensor was first synthesized and used as a strong hydrogen-bonding donor for highly efficient chiral recognition of a diverse range of tertiary alcohols.
Stable highly porous silicon oxycarbide glasses from pre-ceramic hybrids
Authors: Alejandra Mazo M. , Tamayo Aitana , Rubio Juan
Published: October 2015

The incorporation of Si–H bonds into a pre-ceramic hybrid leads to the formation of a highly porous interconnected silicon oxycarbide network which is preserved up to 1200 °C.
Bimetallic porous porphyrin polymer-derived non-precious metal electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions
Authors: Brüller Sebastian , Liang Hai-Wei , Kramm Ulrike I. , Krumpfer Joseph W. , Feng Xinliang , Müllen Klaus
Published: October 2015

Bimetallic (Fe/Co) nitrogen-doped carbons as electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reactions derived from conjugated, microporous metal–porphyrin networks with alternating CoN4- and FeN4-centers.
Facile one-pot synthesis of mesoporous carbon and N-doped carbon for CO2 capture by a novel melting-assisted solvent-free method
Authors: Zhang Zhongzheng , Wang Baodeng , Zhu Chenming , Gao Peng , Tang Zhiyong , Sun Nannan , Wei Wei , Sun Yuhan
Published: October 2015

A facile one-pot melting-assisted solvent-free method to synthesize mesoporous carbon and N-doped carbon with excellent CO2 capture properties.
Effects of silicon on osteoclast cell mediated degradation, in vivo osteogenesis and vasculogenesis of brushite cement
Authors: Vahabzadeh Sahar , Roy Mangal , Bose Susmita
Published: October 2015

Si-doped brushite cements (Si-BrCs) enhance new bone and blood vessel formationin vivo.
Supramolecular assemblies constructed from β-cyclodextrin-modified montmorillonite nanosheets as carriers for 5-fluorouracil
Authors: Yu Mingan , Pan Lijun , Sun Lili , Li Jing , Shang Jingchuan , Zhang Shurong , Liu Duqiang , Li Wei
Published: October 2015

5-Fluorouracil-loaded supramolecular assemblies formed from self-assembling β-cyclodextrin modified montmorillonite nanosheets exhibit better antitumor activity and lower cytotoxicity in vitro.
Light-triggered release of ciprofloxacin from an in situ forming click hydrogel for antibacterial wound dressings
Authors: Shi Yue , Truong Vinh X. , Kulkarni Ketav , Qu Yue , Simon George P. , Boyd Richard L. , Perlmutter Patrick , Lithgow Trevor , Forsythe John S.
Published: October 2015

Light triggered release of an antibiotic from a click crosslinked hydrogel was developed by conjugating ciprofloxacin through a photo-cleavable linker to the hydrogel network structure.
Controlled delay‐through dynamic logic: leakage‐tolerant high‐speed dynamic logic
Authors: Dev A. , Sharma R.K
Published: October 2015

A new model for dynamic logic is proposed with low power consumption and leakage without the degradation of speed. This logic works perfectly with cascaded and differential style without inverters. Controlled delay‐through dynamic logic (CDTDL) is comparatively faster than other dynamic logics because of the parallel‐type configuration with clock and inputs. CDTDL‐based circuits can perform better in high‐frequency operations due to lower propagation delay and dynamic power consumption at the cost of area. The proposed technique can avoid the chance of leakage current with the help of a control block and a delayed clock mechanism. The simulation results show that the new dynamic logic using 180 nm technology yields a minimum 49.7% improvement in power delay product compared with its predecessors such as conventional domino and current comparison‐based domino for standard circuits.
Revisiting the definition of the electronic chemical potential, chemical hardness, and softness at finite temperatures
Authors: Franco-Pérez Marco , Gázquez José L. , Ayers Paul W. , Vela Alberto
Published: October 2015

We extend the definition of the electronic chemical potential (μe) and chemical hardness (ηe) to finite temperatures by considering a reactive chemical species as a true open system to the exchange of electrons, working exclusively within the framework of the grand canonical ensemble. As in the zero temperature derivation of these descriptors, the response of a chemical reagent to electron-transfer is determined by the response of the (average) electronic energy of the system, and not by intrinsic thermodynamic properties like the chemical potential of the electron-reservoir which is, in general, different from the electronic chemical potential, μe. Although the dependence of the electronic energy on electron number qualitatively resembles the piecewise-continuous straight-line profile for low electronic temperatures (up to ca. 5000 K), the introduction of the temperature as a free variable smoothens this profile, so that derivatives (of all orders) of the average electronic energy with respect to the average electron number exist and can be evaluated analytically. Assuming a three-state ensemble, well-known results for the electronic chemical potential at negative (−I), positive (−A), and zero values of the fractional charge (−(I + A)/2) are recovered. Similarly, in the zero temperature limit, the chemical hardness is formally expressed as a Dirac delta function in the particle number and satisfies the well-known reciprocity relation with the global softness.
Physics-electrical hybrid model for real time impedance matching and remote plasma characterization in RF plasma sources
Authors: Sudhir Dass , Bandyopadhyay M. , Chakraborty A.
Published: October 2015

Plasma characterization and impedance matching are an integral part of any radio frequency (RF) based plasma source. In long pulse operation, particularly in high power operation where plasma load may vary due to different reasons (e.g. pressure and power), online tuning of impedance matching circuit and remote plasma density estimation are very useful. In some cases, due to remote interfaces, radio activation and, due to maintenance issues, power probes are not allowed to be incorporated in the ion source design for plasma characterization. Therefore, for characterization and impedance matching, more remote schemes are envisaged. Two such schemes by the same authors are suggested in these regards, which are based on air core transformer model of inductive coupled plasma (ICP) [M. Bandyopadhyay et al., Nucl. Fusion 55, 033017 (2015); D. Sudhir et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85, 013510 (2014)]. However, the influence of the RF field interaction with the plasma to determine its impedance, a physics code HELIC [D. Arnush, Phys. Plasmas 7, 3042 (2000)] is coupled with the transformer model. This model can be useful for both types of RF sources, i.e., ICP and helicon sources.
Contributed Review: Absolute spectral radiance calibration of fiber-optic shock-temperature pyrometers using a coiled-coil irradiance standard lamp
Authors: Fat’yanov O. V. , Asimow P. D.
Published: October 2015

We describe an accurate and precise calibration procedure for multichannel optical pyrometers such as the 6-channel, 3-ns temporal resolution instrument used in the Caltech experimental geophysics laboratory. We begin with a review of calibration sources for shock temperatures in the 3000-30 000 K range. High-power, coiled tungsten halogen standards of spectral irradiance appear to be the only practical alternative to NIST-traceable tungsten ribbon lamps, which are no longer available with large enough calibrated area. However, non-uniform radiance complicates the use of such coiled lamps for reliable and reproducible calibration of pyrometers that employ imaging or relay optics. Careful analysis of documented methods of shock pyrometer calibration to coiled irradiance standard lamps shows that only one technique, not directly applicable in our case, is free of major radiometric errors. We provide a detailed description of the modified Caltech pyrometer instrument and a procedure for its absolute spectral radiance calibration, accurate to ±5%. We employ a designated central area of a 0.7× demagnified image of a coiled-coil tungsten halogen lamp filament, cross-calibrated against a NIST-traceable tungsten ribbon lamp. We give the results of the cross-calibration along with descriptions of the optical arrangement, data acquisition, and processing. We describe a procedure to characterize the difference between the static and dynamic response of amplified photodetectors, allowing time-dependent photodiode correction factors for spectral radiance histories from shock experiments. We validate correct operation of the modified Caltech pyrometer with actual shock temperature experiments on single-crystal NaCl and MgO and obtain very good agreement with the literature data for these substances. We conclude with a summary of the most essential requirements for error-free calibration of a fiber-optic shock-temperature pyrometer using a high-power coiled tungsten halogen irradiance standard lamp.