bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of Capillary Electrophoresis as An Alternative to High Resolution Agarose Electrophoresis for the Diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Sanders Elizabeth , Katzmann Jerry A. , Clark Raynell , Oda Robert P. , Shihabi Zak , Landers James P.
Published: October 2004

The presence of oligoclonal bands in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is used as a diagnostic indicator of multiple sclerosis (MS). These bands, γ-globulins thought to result from a restricted antibody response directed against autoantigens or viral antigens, are consistent with CSF-specific immunoglobulin synthesis when observed in the spinal fluid and not in the serum. Current methodology commonly involves electrophoresing concentrated CSF with high-resolution agarose gel electrophoresis (HRAGE) followed by protein staining in order to visualize the oligoclonal bands. Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) was evaluated as an alternative method. Separation of CSF and serum proteins from 54 patients in a bare silica capillary containing a high pH borate buffer allowed for resolution of the five major zones including the γ-region and showed a 90% concordance with the results from HRAGE banding studies. Since a simple borate buffer did not provide adequate resolution of the oligoclonal bands in the γ-region, the separation buffer was augmented with polyethylene glycol (PEG) which provided a significant enhancement in resolution of proteins in this region (24 patient study). In addition to obtaining banding information from electropherograms obtained with these separation conditions, it was feasible to calculate a CSF Index which compared favorably with the results from nephelometry. Finally, we show that zwitterionic additives such as O-phosphorylethanolamine may further enhance resolution and that capallary electrophoresis (CE) may allow oligoclonal banding information to be obtained directly from CSF without concentration.
Urokinase and Plasminogen Activator-Inhibitor (PAI-1) Status in Primary Ovarian Carcinomas and Ovarian Metastases Compared to Benign Ovarian Tumors as A Function of Histopathological Parameters
Authors: Hoffmann Gerald , Pollow Kunhard , Weikel Wolfgang , Strittmatter Hans-Joachim , Bach Joachim , Schaffrath Michael , Knapstein Paul , Melchert Frank , Pollow Bettina
Published: October 2004

Ninety-eight patients with histologically confirmed ovarian tumors (77 primary ovarian carcinomas of stages T1 to T3 according to the postoperative histopathological classification pTNM classification, 14 ovarian metastases of various origins and seven benign ovarian tumors) were investigated with regard to the concentration of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) in membrane extracts of tumors. The results were correlated with the clinical course and with histopathological findings. With more advanced stage of primary ovarian carcinomas, there was a highly significant rise in the membrane concentrations of both uPA and PAI-1. However, increasing dedifferentiation of the tumors correlated only with uPA, but not with PAI-1. There was no correlation between the number of steroid receptors for estradiol and progesterone and the content of uPA or PAI-1 in the primary ovarian carcinomas. In the 14 ovarian metastases of different origins incluced in the study, the contents of uPA and PAI-1 were comparable to those of primary ovarian carcinomas.

Compared with the malignant ovarian tumors, the median uPA and PAI-1 concentrations in the membrane fraction were 2.5–6 fold lower (highly significant) in the group of seven benign tumors.

A cut-off value of 4.8 ng/mg pellet protein for a prognostically favorable (< 4.8) or unfavorable course (> 4.8) could be determined for uPA (p = 0.0392) but not for PAI-1 on the basis of the Kaplan and Meier survival curves in the malignant primary ovarian carcinomas.
Appropriateness of Physicians Requests of Laboratory Examinations in Primary Health Care: An Over- and Under-Utilisation Study
Authors: Castellví-Boada Josep Ma , Castells-Oliveres Xavier
Published: October 2004

The aim of this work is to study the appropriateness of the laboratory measurement for quantities that may be conditioned by the result of another quantity, estimating the proportions of inappropriate requests due to over- or under-utilisation. We refer to over-utilisation when a quantity was requested and measured when it was not needed, and we refer to under-utilisation when a quantity was not requested and not measured when it was needed.

In our centre, the laboratory staff together with the primary health care physicians of the region designed a new laboratory request form. This request form incorporated an agreed requesting protocol for the most common diagnoses in primary health care. Protocols included, according to each case, one or several of 11 pairs of quantities depending on each case. Second quantity in each pair was measured or not, conditional on the result of the first quantity of the pair, the age, the sex and the diagnosis corresponding to the requested protocol. Following recommendations from scientific societies, we decided what should be the results of the first quantity in the pair so to measure the second quantity in the pair. When recommendations were not available, we reviewed the data contained in the laboratory information system, and we established as non-conditioning values, the levels of the first quantities that were associated with the results of second quantities within their reference intervals in 99.95 % of cases.

The study was done retrospectively using 46 091 old laboratory request forms received in our laboratory over two years. Among the 46 091 request forms, the first quantities included in the present forms that incorporate agreed requesting protocols were requested 66 434 times. The 66 434 corresponding second quantities were measured and should not have been measured in 14 225 cases (21.4 %) and were not measured and should have been measured in 16 137 cases (24.3 %). Using the request forms according to the conditioning protocols changes the number of quantities by a mean of 0.66 in every request form. This change would have increased the number of quantities measured by 0.04 quantities per form, but would also have improved the appropriate use of the laboratory.
Effect of the Hemoglobin-Based Oxygen Carrier HBOC-201 on Laboratory Instrumentation: Cobas Integra, Chiron Blood Gas Analyzer 840, Sysmex™SE-9000 and BCT
Authors: Wolthuis Albert , Peek Dirk , Scholten Ruud , Moreira Paulo , Gawryl Maria , Clark Terri , Westerhuis Lambert
Published: October 2004

As part of a clinical trial, we evaluated the effects of the hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrier (HBOC) HBOC-201 (an ultrapurified, stroma-free bovine hemoglobin product, Biopure®, Cambridge, MA, USA) on our routine clinical chemistry analyzer (Cobas Integra, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland ), blood gas analyzer (Chiron 840, Chiron Diagnostics Corporation, East Walpole, MA, USA), routine hemocytometry analyzer (Sysmex™ SE-9000, TOA Medical Electronics Co Ltd., Kobe, Japan), hemostasis analyzer (BCT, Dade-Behring, Marburg, Germany) and bloodbanking system (Dia-Med-ID Micro Typing System, DiaMed AG, Cressier, Switzerland). The maximum tested concentration of HBOC-201 was 65 g/l. Of the 27 routine clinical chemistry tests challenged with HBOC-201, bilirubin-direct, creatine kinase MB-fraction (CK-MB), creatine kinase (CK), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), magnesium and uric acid were influenced by even low concentrations of HBOC-201. These tests were excluded from use on the plasma of patients treated with HBOC-201. Since the non-availability of the cardiac marker CK-MB may lead to problems in acute situations, we introduced the qualitative Trop T-test (Boehringer Mannheim), which was not influenced. The applicability of another nine tests was limited by the concentration of the HBOC-201 in the patients' plasma. No interference of HBOC-201 in routine hemocytometry, hemostasis-analysis and red-blood cell agglutination detection (blood-bank tests) was observed. Although immediate patient-care was not compromised, routine use of hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers will have a strong impact on logistical management. The development of robust laboratory tests free from the interference of the pigmented oxygen carriers should therefore precede its introduction into routine transfusion medicine.
Activated Protein C (APC)-Resistance: Automated Detection of the Point Mutation at Position 1691 in the Factor V Gene
Authors: Klingler Karl Rolf , Grote Stefan , Holzem Guido , Wielckens Klaus
Published: October 2004

Proteolytic cleavage of factor Va, caused by activated protein C, is an important mechanism in limiting clot formation in normal haemostasis. A single point mutation in the factor V gene has been demonstrated to cause resistance of factor Va to proteolytic cleavage by activated protein C. With an 8-fold increased risk of thrombosis and a 2 to 13% prevalence in the Caucasian population for the heterozygous state of this mutation, knowledge of the patient's genetic disposition is of great importance in conditions such as pregnancy, surgery, use of oral contraceptives and immobilization. Therefore we have developed an automated test for the detection of the factor V mutation. This PCR-based test makes use of the disappearance of an Mnl 1 restriction site if the mutation is present. The assay has been developed for the widely used ES-systems of Boehringer Mannheim. The test discriminates between the heterozygous and the homozygous state. Because of its low costs and easy handling the assay can be used as a screening test and can be performed in routine clinical laboratories.
An ELISA for the H-Subunit of Human Ferritin which Employs a Combination of Rabbit Poly- and Mice Monoclonal Antibodies and an Enzyme Labeled Anti-Mouse-IgG
Authors: Vaisman Boris , Santambrogio Paolo , Arosio Paolo , Fibach Eitan , Konijn Abraham M.
Published: October 2004

We describe a sensitive ELISA for measuring the H-type subunit of human ferritin. A high detection sensitivity was attained by the use of antibodies from different species and an enzyme-conjugated secondary antibody. It consisted of a sandwich assay using a solid phase coated with a rabbit polyclonal antibody for human ferritin from term placenta and a soluble monoclonal antibody for human H-ferritin, followed by a secondary anti-mouse immunoglobulin (Ig)G conjugated to β-galactosidase. The assay was calibrated with purified recombinant human H-ferritin from E. coli. The colorigenic chlorophenol red β-D-galactopyranoside and the fluorogenic 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-β-D-galactopyranoside substrates were used with similar outcome. The described method permits the measurement of human H-ferritin at a concentration ranging from 0.1 to 100 μg/l (or 20–20000 pg per 200 μl sample) and is accurate at a concentration as low as 0.3 μg/l. The coefficient of variation of the assay was 6.05–10.3 % and the recovery of H-ferritin added to cell lysates was 105.8 ± 7.52 %. Depending on the H-ferritin content of the cell line tested, only 600 to 60 000 cells of different human cell lines were needed to measure their H-territin content.
Diagnostic Value of Biochemical Markers of Bone Turnover and Postmenopausal Osteoporosis
Authors: Yılmaz Necat , Bayram Metin , Erbaǧcı A. Binnur , Kılınçer M. Şahin
Published: October 2004

We studied 77 women divided into postmenopausal osteoporotic and premenopausal and postmenopausal non-osteoporotic groups in order to evaluate bone metabolism and diagnostic value of biochemical markers of bone turnover in postmenopausal osteoporosis. Postmenopausal osteoporotic (n: 40), postmenopausal non-osteoporotic (n: 24) and premenopausal nonosteoporotic (n: 13) groups were defined according to bone mineral density (BMD) scores obtained with dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Urinary deoxypyridinoline (Dpd), pyridinoline (Pyd), serum total alkaline phosphatase (ALP), bone specific alkaline phosphatase (BALP), osteocalcin (BGP), total calcium, phosphorus, and creatinine levels were determined. Urinary Dpd and Pyd levels of postmenopausal osteoporotic group (8.7 and 18.7 μmol/mg creatinine) were significantly higher than postmenopausal control (5.1 and 11.7 μmol/mg creatinine, p<0.0001) and premenopausal control (6.0 and 13.0 μmol/mg creatinine, p<0.0005 and p<0.001) groups. Bone formation markers were not significantly different between groups, although BGP correlated with Dpd and Pyd (r: 0.26 and r: 0.31, p<0.05) in osteoporotic subjects. From receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis Dpd had the best diagnostic value (0.846), followed by Pyd (0.802) in evaluation of osteoporosis, whereas BALP (0.570) and BGP (0.528) were relatively inefficient in the discrimination of postmenopausal osteoporosis. This study suggests that bone resorption markers are more efficient than bone formation markers in the diagnosis of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Urinary Dpd/creatinine ratio has the highest diagnostic value.
How to Extinguish Lymphocyte Activation, Immunotyrosine-Based Inhibition Motif (ITIM)-Bearing Molecules a Solution?
Authors: Blery Mathieu , Vivier Eric
Published: October 2004

ITIM-bearing molecules represent a novel family of inhibitory receptors expressed widely through the hematopoietic compartment. These molecules share certain features such as the presence in their intracytoplasmic domain of the so-called motif ITIM (Immuno-Tyrosine-based Inhibition Motif). These molecules are able to recruit phosphatases on their phosphorylated ITIM and thus mediate a localized inhibition of the transduction pathways. The molecular basis of this inhibitory pathway is discussed below.
Association between Reduced Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA)-DR Expression on Blood Monocytes and Increased Plasma Level of Interleukin-10 in Patients with Severe Burns
Authors: Sachse Christopher , Prigge Maren , Cramer Gebhard , Pallua Norbert , Henkel Eberhard
Published: October 2004

Severe thermal injury causes an immune dysfunction which includes a decrease of monocyte human leukocyte antigen DR (HLA-DR) expression. Interleukin-10 exerts a negative influence on this parameterin vitro. In this study we determined the prognostic value of reduced monocyte HLA-DR expression with regard to infectious complications, and thein vivoassociation between monocyte HLA-DR and plasma interleukin-10 concentration. Both quantities were measured serially in 19 patients with severe burns. HLA-DR expression was determined by direct immunofluorescence on a flow cytometer, and interleukin-10 was measured by ELISA. After burn trauma the percentage of HLA-DR expressing monocytes fell markedly (median: 53 % at day 2, 36 % at day 4, 31 % at day 7, 28 % at day 9, 35 % at day 12, and 42 % at day 14; compared to 93 % for healthy volunteers). Moreover, patients who became septic showed lower monocyte HLA-DR expression than non-septic patients; the differences were significant at day 2 (p < 0.01) and day 7 (p < 0.05). Plasma concentrations of interleukin-10 increased after thermal injury (median: 40 ng/l at day 2, 43 ng/l at day 4, 77 ng/l at day 7, 120 ng/l at day 9, 63 ng/l at day 12, and 82 ng/l at day 14). Individual HLA-DR expression and interleukin-10 concentration were negatively correlated, the association reaching statistical significance at day 4 (p = 0.006) and day 7 (p = 0.031). Thus, after severe burn injury monocyte HLA-DR expression has prognostic value and is negatively associated with interleukin-10 plasma concentration.
A Novel Acute-Phase Marker: Lipopolysaccharide Binding Protein (LBP)
Authors: Schumann Ralf R. , Zweigner Janine
Published: October 2004

Acute phase proteins are extremely helpful markers
for indicating a disturbance of the homeostasis within
the organism and for monitoring the course of a disease.
Despite the availability of several serum acute
phase markers, a better and more specific prediction
of sepsis and related disorders, such as systemic inflammatory
response syndrome (SIRS) is still needed,
as these diseases still have a high mortality rate and
have to be detected early and with high specificity.
Here a novel acute-phase protein is introduced, that
has certain biological functions in host defense and
that may be a useful addition for the diagnosis and
monitoring of sepsis. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS or endotoxin),
binding protein (LBP) is a class 1 acute-phase
protein with the ability to bind and transfer bacterial
LPS. Changes in serum levels of LBP have profound effects
on the host's ability to react to endotoxin stimulation
and to defend itself against sepsis. Results obtained
from in vitro studies and from an animal model
are reviewed here and a perspective on ongoing clinical
studies is given. There is evidence that LBP, along
with other LPS-recognizing molecules, is an important
parameter for monitoring the acute phase and the ability
of the host to react to LPS-challenge.
Depending on Their Concentration Oxidized Low Density Lipoproteins Stimulate Extracellular Matrix Synthesis or Induce Apoptosis in Human Coronary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells
Authors: Bachem Max G. , Wendelin Daniela , Schneiderhan Wilhelm , Haug Cornelia , Zorn Ulrike , Gross Hans J. , Schmid-Kotsas Alexandra , Grünert Adolf
Published: October 2004

Various lines of evidence indicate that oxidative stress resulting in lipid peroxidation and protein modification is involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. We have investigated the effect of modified (oxidized) low-density lipoproteins (oxLDL) on collagen and fibronectin synthesis in cultured human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (HCA-SMC). As shown by immunofluorescence microscopy and time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay, oxLDL dose-dependently stimulated collagen type I and fibronectin synthesis in cultured HCA-SMC. The effect on matrix synthesis was biphasic, with a maximum effect at concentrations between 1 and 10 μg/ml oxLDL. Higher oxLDL concentrations (>25 μg/ml) were cytotoxic. Beside oxLDL, malondialdehyde-modified LDL also stimulated extracellular matrix synthesis. In the presence of 100 μg/ml ascorbic acid, 25, 50 and 100 μg/ml oxLDL induced apoptosis within 6–8 hours (demonstrated by TUNEL-reaction, annexin-V binding and APO-2.7-expression). Apoptosis was not induced by normal (unmodified) LDL and malondialdehyde-modified LDL. The radical scavengers and antioxidants TROLOX and probucol and the hydrogen peroxide eliminator catalase significantly reduced oxLDL-induced apoptosis. Our results demonstrate that low concentrations of oxLDL are profibrogenic by stimulating extracellular matrix synthesis, whereas higher oxLDL concentrations induce oxidative stress and apoptosis in coronary artery smooth muscle cells. The profibrogenic effect might be relevant in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques, and the proapoptotic effect might contribute to an increased plaque vulnerability.
Supplemental Immune Globulins in Sepsis
Authors: Werdan Karl
Published: October 2004

Intravenous immune globulins are widely used as supplemental
treatment of sepsis, septic shock and
systemic inflammation in the critically ill, although this
indication has at best been validated in part. Likely
beneficial mechanisms of action may include the improvement
of serum bactericidal activity due to neutralizing
and opsonizing immunoglobulin (Ig)G- and
IgM-antibodies, as well as stimulation of phagocytosis
and neutralization of bacterial endo- and exotoxins;
another attractive mode of action may represent immune
globulin-mediated modification and specific
suppression of proinflammatory cytokine release from
endotoxin- and superantigen-activated blood cells. For
the “entire group of patients with sepsis and septic
shock” a reduction in mortality by intravenous immune
globulin could not be documented; however, in
the score-based immunoglobulin in sepsis (SBITS)-study with 653 patients included, a moderate improvement
in sepsis morbidity and multiple organ dysfunction
syndrome was demonstrated. In defined sepsis
subgroups, a reduction in mortality by intravenous immune
globulin has been seen in individual small, not
yet confirmed trials. Finally, the incidence of some severe
infections in well characterized “patients at risk”
and “operations at risk” is reduced by intravenous immune
globulin prophylaxis. Thus, intravenous immune
globulin is not a “magic bullet” of sepsis treatment,
but it may reduce morbidity and thereby
represent a useful piece of stone in the therapeutic
mosaic of sepsis treatment.
Isolation of Highly Enriched Human Monocytes from Ten ml Samples of Heparinised Whole Blood
Authors: Wiegand Grit , Selleng Kathleen , Gründling Matthias , Jack Robert S.
Published: October 2004

A detailed study of the immune dysregulation involved in systemic inflammation requires the analysis of the main inflammatory cells in the circulation – the monocytes. Blood samples available from patients are necessarily restricted so that a rapid and efficient method is required to isolate these cells. Here we present a protocol to isolate blood monocytes in high yield from small samples of heparinised blood. The method yields monocyte preparations with a purity greater than 96 %.
Ground State and Heat of Formation of MgB2
Authors: Lee Edmond P. F. , Wright Timothy G.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis, Crystal Structures and Properties of the Bis‐(trimetaphosphimato)‐metallates Na4{Co [(PO2NH)3]2}×12H2O and Na4{Ni [(PO2NH)3]2}×12H2O.
Authors: Correll Sascha , Stock Norbert , Schnick Wolfgang
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Photoluminescent Layered Lanthanide Silicates.
Authors: Ananias Duarte , Kostova Mariya , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Ferreira Artur , Carlos Luis D. , Klinowski Jacek , Rocha Joao
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Solution Synthesis and Electrical Properties of K2NiF4 Type LaSrAlO4.
Authors: Raj Edwin S. , Skinner Stephen J. , Kilner John A.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structure of New Li+ Ion Conducting Perovskites: Li2xCa0.5‐xTaO3 and Li0.2 [Ca1‐ySry]0.4TaO3.
Authors: Pham Quoc Nghi , Crosnier‐Lopez Marie‐Pierre , Le Berre Francoise , Fauth Francois , Fourquet Jean‐Louis
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Phase Equilibria in the Bi2TeO5—Bi2SeO5 System and a High Temperature Neutron Powder Diffraction Study of Bi2SeO5.
Authors: Dityatyev Oleg A. , Smidt Peer , Stefanovich Sergey Yu. , Lightfoot Philip , Dolgikh Valery A. , Opperman Heinrich
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Sudden Onset of Pitting Corrosion on Stainless Steel as a Critical Phenomenon.
Authors: Punckt C. , Boelscher M. , Rotermund H. H. , Mikhailov A. S. , Organ L. , Budiansky N. , Scully J. R. , Hudson J. L.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Preparation and Characterization of Bimetallic PdMo/Y‐Zeolite: Catalytic Properties in Methane Combustion.
Authors: Zina M. Said , Ghorbel A.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Trialkylsilyl Triflates — Practical Diastereoselective Catalysts in Conjugate Addition Reaction of Silyl Ketene Acetals and α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Michalak K. , Wicha J.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Amino Alcohol Catalyzed Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reactions. Enantioselective Synthesis of anti‐α‐Fluoro‐β‐hydroxy Ketones.
Authors: Zhong Guofu , Fan Junhua , Barbas Carlos F. III
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enantioselective Catalysis. Part 156. Ruthenium Procatalysts and 2‐Pyridinealdehyde/(S)‐NOBIN‐Derived Cocatalysts in the Transfer Hydrogenation of Acetophenone with 2‐Propanol.
Authors: Brunner Henri , Henning Frauke
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Highly Enantioselective Allyl‐Transfer Through Suppression of Epimerization.
Authors: Lee Cheng‐Hsia Angeline , Loh Teck‐Peng
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclization of 3‐Ethoxycarbonylmethyl‐, 3‐Cyanomethyl‐, and 3‐Acetylmethyl‐1‐amino‐2‐methylbenzimidazolium Salts Effected by Acetic Anhydride in the Presence of a Base.
Authors: Kuz'menko T. A. , Kuz'menko V. V. , Anisimova V. A.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Enaminones as Building Blocks in Heterocyclic Synthesis: New Syntheses of Nicotinic Acid and Thienopyridine Derivatives.
Authors: Abdelkhalik Mervat Mohammed , Eltoukhy Afaf Mohammed , Agamy Samia Michel , Elnagdi Mohammed Hilmy
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidation of Alcohols with 4‐Aminopyridinium Chlorochromate Supported on Silica Gel.
Authors: Hashemi Mohammed M. , Ghazanfari Dadkhoda , Akhbari Maryam
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Unique and Convenient Use of Raney Nickel for the Reduction of Aryl Bromides, Benzyl Alcohols, Benzyl Ethers, and Benzylamines in an Acidic Medium.
Authors: Okimoto Mitsuhiro , Takahashi Yukio , Nagata Yuji , Satoh Masanori , Sueda Satoru , Yamashina Tsunaki
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ring Synthesis by Stereoselective, Methylene‐Free Enyne Cross Metathesis.
Authors: Kulkarni Amol A. , Diver Steven T.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Conversion of Ketoximes to Ketones with Trimethylphosphine and 2,2′‐Dipyridyl Diselenide.
Authors: Martin Manuel , Martinez Gabriel , Urpi Felix , Vilarrasa Jaume
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Indium Mediated Allylation of Glyoxylate Oxime Ethers, Esters and Cyanoformates.
Authors: Ritson Dougal J. , Cox Russell J. , Berge John
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEG): A Rapid and Recyclable Reaction Medium for the DABCO‐Catalyzed Baylis—Hillman Reaction.
Authors: Chandrasekhar S. , Narsihmulu Ch. , Saritha B. , Sultana S. Shameem
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acyl Iodides in Organic Synthesis. Part 6. Reactions with Vinyl Ethers.
Authors: Voronkov M. G. , Trukhina A. A. , Vlasova N. N.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of N,N′‐Disubstituted Urea from Ethylene Carbonate and Amine Using CaO.
Authors: Fujita Shin‐ichiro , Bhanage Bhalchandra M. , Arai Masahiko
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Polybromocyclopentadienes in Diels—Alder Reactions. Reactions of Hexabromo‐ and 5,5‐Dimethoxytetrabromo‐1,3‐cyclopentadienes with para‐Substituted Allyl Benzoates.
Authors: Magerramov A. M. , Mustafaev A. M. , Velieva G. Kh. , Murshudova S. D. , Allakhverdiev M. A.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Polymer‐Supported Phosphoramide as a Lewis‐Base Catalyst for the Catalytic Aldol Reaction.
Authors: Flowers Robert A. II , Xu Xin , Timmons Cody , Li Guigen
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Homologous Enolate Truce—Smiles Rearrangement.
Authors: Mitchell Lorna H. , Barvian Nicole C.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Innovative Approach to the Synthesis of Substituted Benzaldehydes Through Carbanion Induced Ring Transformation of Suitably Functionalized 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones.
Authors: Pratap Ramendra , Sil Diptesh , Ram Vishnu Ji
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rhodium‐Catalyzed Reformatsky‐Type Reaction of Ethyl Bromodifluoroacetate.
Authors: Sato Kazuyuki , Tarui Atsushi , Kita Tetsuya , Ishida Yoshitaka , Tamura Hanae , Omote Masaaki , Ando Akira , Kumadaki Itsumaro
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkylation of Vinyl Oxiranes with Substituted Allenes. Direct Access to Bifunctionalized Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Nanayakkara Perli , Alper Howard
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of 2‐(2,4‐Dinitrophenylhydrazono)‐4‐oxobutanoic Acids and Their 3‐Bromo Derivatives.
Authors: Koz'minykh V. O. , Belyaev A. O. , Koz'minykh E. N. , Bukanova E. V. , Odegova T. F.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Highly Stereospecific Synthesis of (E)‐α,β‐Unsaturated Esters.
Authors: Barma Deb K. , Kundu Asish , Bandyopadhyay Anish , Kundu Abhijit , Sangras Bhavani , Briot Anne , Mioskowski Charles , Falck J. R.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
cis‐Carbocuperation of Acetylenic Sulfoxides and Corresponding Applications in the Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Polysubstituted Vinyl Sulfoxides.
Authors: Xu Qing , Huang Xian
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iminophosphine—Palladium(0) Complexes as Highly Active Catalysts in the Suzuki Reaction. Synthesis of Undecaaryl Substituted Corroles.
Authors: Scrivanti Alberto , Beghetto Valentina , Matteoli Ugo , Antonaroli Simonetta , Marini Alessia , Mandoj Federica , Paolesse Roberto , Crociani Bruno
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Anionic O→α‐ and β‐Vinyl Carbamoyl Translocation of 2‐(O‐Carbamoyl) Stilbenes.
Authors: Reed Mark A. , Chang Michelle T. , Snieckus Victor
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A New Synthesis of 5,8‐Dimethyl‐2‐tetralone — A Potential Intermediate for the Synthesis of Ring‐A Aromatic Sesquiterpenes. Novel Transformation During Acetoxylation of 5,8‐Dimethyldihydronaphthalene.
Authors: Banerjee Ajoy K. , Vera William , Laya Manuel S.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Reaction of Imines with Telluronium Allylide. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Vinylaziridines.
Authors: Liao Wei‐Wei , Deng Xian‐Ming , Tang Yong
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Iodoenolcyclization of 2‐Allyl Substituted β‐Keto Esters under Thermodynamic Conditions.
Authors: Antonioletti Roberto , Malancona Savina , Bovicelli Paolo
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Bi(OTf)3/[bmim]BF4 as Novel and Reusable Catalytic System for the Synthesis of Furan, Pyrrole and Thiophene Derivatives.
Authors: Yadav J. S. , Reddy B. V. S. , Eeshwaraiah B. , Gupta Manoj Kumar
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Diversity‐Oriented Strategy for the Construction of Tetrasubstituted Pyrroles via Coupled Domino Processes.
Authors: Tejedor David , Gonzalez‐Cruz David , Garcia‐Tellado Fernando , Marrero‐Tellado Jose Juan , Lopez‐Rodriguez Matias
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Nucleophilic Addition of Acetone Enolate to (E)‐Alkyloxindolylideneacetates.
Authors: Osman Fayez H. , El‐Samahy Fatma A. , Farag I. S. Ahmed
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Method for the Synthesis of Acetylcarbazoles and Carbazole Aldehydes.
Authors: Nagarajan Rajagopal , Perumal Paramasivan T.
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Intramolecular Reactions of 2‐Indolylacyl Radicals: Cyclization upon Aromatic Rings.
Authors: Bennasar M.‐Lluisa , Roca Tomas , Ferrando Francesc
Published: October 2004

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Acetalization of Carbonyl Compounds by Using Silica‐Bound Sulfuric Acid under Green Condition.
Authors: Mirjalili Bi Bi Fatemeh , Zolfigol Mohammad Ali , Bamoniri Abdolhamid , Hazar Azizeh
Published: October 2004

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An Efficient Synthesis of β‐Hydroxyethylpyrazoles from Propylene and Styrene Oxide Using Cs2CO3.
Authors: Duprez Virginie , Heumann Andreas
Published: October 2004

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An Efficient Synthesis of 1H‐Pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic Acid Esters with Vilsmeier Reagent under Neat Conditions.
Authors: Sridhar R. , Sivaprasad G. , Perumal P. T.
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis of Imidazolidin‐4‐one and 1H‐Imidazo[2,1‐a]isoindole‐2,5(3H,9bH)‐dione Derivatives of Primaquine: Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Gomes Paula , Araujo Maria Joao , Rodrigues Manuela , Vale Nuno , Azevedo Zelia , Iley Jim , Chambel Paula , Morais Jose , Moreira Rui
Published: October 2004

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Novel Nucleophilic C—C Bond‐Forming tele‐Reaction of Imidazole Ring.
Authors: Ohta Shunsaku , Sato Kentaro , Kawasaki Ikuo , Yamaguchi Yuko , Nishio Satoko , Yamashita Masayuki
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis, Antiprotozoal and Cytotoxic Activities of New N‐(3,4‐Dimethyl‐5‐isoxazolyl)‐1,2‐naphthoquinone‐4‐amino Derivatives.
Authors: Sperandeo N. R. , Brinon M. C. , Brun R.
Published: October 2004

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Studies on Biological Evaluation of Cyanopyrans and Pyrazolines Using Microwave Assisted Synthesis.
Authors: Kanjariya H. M. , Radhakrishnan T. V. , Ramchandran K. R. , Parekh Hansa
Published: October 2004

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New Heterocycles: 4‐Methyl‐2H‐pyrano[6,5‐f]cycloalka[2,1‐b]2H‐chromen‐2‐ones.
Authors: Zhang Qian , Chen Ying , Xia Yi , Yang Zhengyu , Xia Peng
Published: October 2004

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A Route to the Synthesis of Novel Coumarins.
Authors: Rad‐Moghadam Kurosh , Mohseni Mehdi
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis and Evaluation of a Dimer of 2‐(4‐Pyridylmethyl)‐1‐indanone as a Novel Nonsteroidal Aromatase Inhibitor.
Authors: Gupta Ranju , Jindal Dharam Paul , Jit Birinder , Narang Gaurav , Palusczak Anja , Hartmann Rolf W.
Published: October 2004

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Preparation and Properties of a Structurally Novel Heterocyclic Dispiro Compound, 3,10‐Dimethyl‐3,10‐diazadispiro[5.0.5.4]hexadeca‐1,4,8,11‐tetraene.
Authors: Muramatsu Takashi , Toyota Azumao , Adachi Nao
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis and Study of Antibacterial and Antifungal Activities of Novel 1‐[2‐(Benzoxazol‐2‐yl)ethoxy]‐2,6‐diarylpiperidin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Ramalingan C. , Balasubramanian S. , Kabilan S. , Vasudevan M.
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity of 1‐Acyl‐2,6‐diaryl‐4‐oxo(acyloxy)piperidines and 4‐Acyloxy‐1,2,3,6‐tetrahydropyridines.
Authors: Soldatenkov A. T. , Levov A. N. , Mamyrbekova Zh. A. , Kolyadina N. M. , Mobio I. G. , Naumov Yu. I. , Komarova A. I. , An' Le Tuan
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis of Novel Tetrahydroquinolines and Quinolines via Diels—Alder Reaction Followed by Aromatization
Authors: Fadel Fouzia , Titouani Soumia Lafquih , Soufiaoui Mohamed , Ajamay Hafida , Mazzah Ahmed
Published: October 2004

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Hg2+‐Selective Chemosensor Derived from 8‐Hydroxyquinoline Having Benzothiazole Function in Aqueous Environment.
Authors: Youk Jin‐Soo , Kim Young Hee , Kim Eun‐Jin , Youn Na Jin , Chang Suk‐Kyu
Published: October 2004

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[2 + 2]Photocyclization in a Single‐Crystal‐to‐Single‐Crystal Transformation of a TTF‐Amido‐Pyridine.
Authors: Devic Thomas , Batail Patrick , Avarvari Narcis
Published: October 2004

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Fluorinated Heterocyclic Compounds. A Photochemical Approach to a Synthesis of Fluorinated Quinazolin‐4‐ones.
Authors: Buscemi Silvestre , Pace Andrea , Piccionello Antonio Palumbo , Pibiri Ivana , Vivona Nicolo
Published: October 2004

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Photochemical Behavior of 5‐Perfluoroalkenyl Uracils.
Authors: Koroniak Henryk , Karwatka Piotr , Cytlak Tomasz
Published: October 2004

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A Novel Crownophane Trapping CO2 as Carbonic Acid at Room Temperature.
Authors: Hiratani Kazuhisa , Sakamoto Nobuko , Kameta Naohiro , Karikomi Michinori , Nagawa Yoshinobu
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis of 1‐Hydroxymethylene‐1,1‐bis(phosphonic acids) from Acid Anhydrides: Preparation of a New Cyclic 1‐Acyloxymethylene‐1,1‐bis(phosphonic acid).
Authors: Guenin Erwann , Degache Estelle , Liquier Jean , Lecouvey Marc
Published: October 2004

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Diacylated 8‐C‐Glucosylcyanidin 3‐Glucoside from the Flowers of Tricyrtis formosana.
Authors: Tatsuzawa Fumi , Saito Norio , Miyoshi Kazumitsu , Shinoda Koichi , Shigihara Atsushi , Honda Toshio
Published: October 2004

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New Antibacterial Diterpenes from Pseudopterogorgia elisabethae.
Authors: Ata Athar , Win Hla Y. , Holt David , Holloway Paul , Segstro Edward P. , Jayatilake Gamini S.
Published: October 2004

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Arudonine, an Allelopathic Steroidal Glycoalkaloid from the Root Bark of Solanum arundo Mattei.
Authors: Fukuhara Katsuya , Shimizu Kuniyoshi , Kubo Isao
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis of Cationic Cholesterol Derivatives with Fragments of Aliphatic Nitrogen‐Containing Bases.
Authors: Sokolova T. V. , Klesareva Yu. S. , Serebrennikova G. A.
Published: October 2004

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Effective Stabilization of α‐Helical Structures in Short Peptides with Acetylenic Cross‐Linking Agents.
Authors: Fujimoto Kazuhisa , Oimoto Natsuko , Katsuno Kahori , Inouye Masahiko
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis of an Amino Acid with Protected Cyclen Side Chain Functionality.
Authors: Miltschitzky Stefan , Koenig Burkhard
Published: October 2004

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Three New in situ Syntheses of N‐Acyl‐α‐triphenylphosphonioglycinates.
Authors: Mazurkiewicz Roman , Grymel Miroslawa , Kuznik Anna
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis of Pederic Acid and Related Model Studies.
Authors: Breitfelder Steffen , Schuemacher Anne C. , Roelle Thomas , Kikuchi Makoto , Hoffmann Reinhard W.
Published: October 2004

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Cholinesterase‐Inhibiting New Steroidal Alkaloids from Sarcococca hookeriana of Nepalese Origin.
Authors: Choudhary M. Iqbal , Devkota Krishna Prasad , Nawaz Sarfraz Ahmad , Shaheen Farzana , Atta‐ur‐Rahman Atta‐ur‐Rahman
Published: October 2004

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A Bioactive Alkaloid from the Flowers of Trollius chinensis.
Authors: Wang Ru Feng , Yang Xiu Wei , Ma Chao Mei , Cai Shao Qing , Li Jian Nong , Shoyama Yukihiro
Published: October 2004

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Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activity of Substituted 7‐Aryliminomethyl Derivatives of Camptothecin.
Authors: Dallavalle Sabrina , Merlini Lucio , Morini Gabriella , Musso Loana , Penco Sergio , Beretta Giovanni Luca , Tinelli Stella , Zunino Franco
Published: October 2004

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Facile Synthesis of Acyclic Azanucleosides from N‐Pivaloyloxymethyl Amides and Sulfonamides: Synthesis of Aza‐Analogues of Ganciclovir (I).
Authors: Koszytkowska‐Stawinska Mariola , Sas Wojciech
Published: October 2004

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Alkylation of 2‐Pyridinones: Synthesis of Novel Acyclonucleosides.
Authors: El‐Essawy Farag A. , Khattab Ahmed F.
Published: October 2004

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Pyrrolocarbazole Analogues of Aromatic Skeleton of Indolocarbazole Natural Products.
Authors: Fousteris Manolis A. , Koutsourea Anna I. , Arsenou Evaggelia S. , Leondiadis L. , Nikolaropoulos Sotiris S. , Stamos Ioannis K.
Published: October 2004

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Optimization of the Ni—Y Catalyst Composition in Bulk Electric Arc Synthesis of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Use of Near‐Infrared Spectroscopy.
Authors: Itkis M. E. , Perea D. E. , Niyogi S. , Love J. , Tang J. , Yu A. , Kang C. , Jung R. , Haddon R. C.
Published: October 2004

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Gas‐Phase Production of Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes from Carbon Monoxide: A Review of the HiPco Process
Authors: Nikolaev Pavel
Published: October 2004

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5‐Palladatricyclo[4.1.0.02,4]heptanes: Extraordinary and Versatile Chiral Organometallic Compounds
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: October 2004

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Structural Chemistry of Cu(I) Allyl and Acetylene π‐Complexes
Authors: Pavlyuk O. V. , Mykhalichko B. M. , Mys'kiv M. G.
Published: October 2004

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The Chemistry of Fluorine Containing Phosphaalkenes, Arsaalkenes and Selenocarbonyls
Authors: Grobe Joseph , Le Van Duc
Published: October 2004

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Organometallic Chemistry of Fluorinated Propadienes and Butadienes
Authors: Lentz Dieter
Published: October 2004

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Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis of Vicinal Fluorohydrins
Authors: Haufe Guenter
Published: October 2004

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Pyrrole Oximes: Synthesis, Reactions, and Biological Activity
Authors: Abele E. , Abele R. , Lukevics E.
Published: October 2004

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The Natural Constituents of Historical Textile Dyes
Authors: Ferreira Ester S. B. , Hulme Alison N. , McNab Hamish , Quye Anita
Published: October 2004

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Recent Development in the Supramolecular Chemistry of Terpyridine—Metal Complexes
Authors: Hofmeier Harald , Schubert Ulrich S.
Published: October 2004

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Search for Constituents with Neurotrophic Factor‐Potentiating Activity from the Medicinal Plants of Paraguay and Thailand
Authors: Li Yushan , Ohizumi Yasushi
Published: October 2004

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Development of Novel Type of Transition Metal‐Catalyzed Cascade Reactions Utilizing Small Ring Systems and the Applications
Authors: Yoshida Masahiro
Published: October 2004

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Organocatalytic Asymmetric Epoxidation of Olefins by Chiral Ketones
Authors: Shi Yian
Published: October 2004

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The Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Amino Acids by Phase‐Transfer Catalysis with Achiral Schiff Base Esters
Authors: O'Donnell Martin J.
Published: October 2004

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Nucleophilic Carbenes in Asymmetric Organocatalysis
Authors: Enders Dieter , Balensiefer Tim
Published: October 2004

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Asymmetric Catalysis with “Planar‐Chiral” Derivatives of 4‐(Dimethylamino)pyridine
Authors: Fu Gregory C.
Published: October 2004

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Asymmetric Organic Catalysis with Modified Cinchona Alkaloids
Authors: Tian Shi‐Kai , Chen Yonggang , Hang Jianfeng , Tang Liang , McDaid Paul , Deng Li
Published: October 2004

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Immobilized Peptides or Amino Acids on Solid Supports for Metal Remediation
Authors: Malachowski Lisa , Stair Jacqueline L. , Holcombe James A.
Published: October 2004

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Quantum Chemical Descriptors in Structure—Activity Relationships: Calculation, Interpretation, and Comparison of Methods
Authors: Schueuermann Gerrit
Published: October 2004

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Incidence of multiple myeloma in Olmsted County, Minnesota
Authors: Kyle Robert A. , Therneau Terry M. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Larson Dirk R. , Plevak Matthew F. , Melton L. Joseph
Published: October 2004

BACKGROUND

Previous studies have indicated that the incidence and mortality rates for multiple myeloma have increased in the United States. The authors reported on the incidence of multiple myeloma in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between 1991 and 2001 and on trends in multiple myeloma incidence over the last 56 years.

METHODS

Using the files of the Mayo Clinic and the Olmsted Medical Center (Rochester, MN), the authors identified all residents of Olmsted County who had multiple myeloma, suspected myeloma, or a related disorder. Reports of all laboratory determinations, in addition to autopsy findings and death certificates, were obtained. The criteria for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma have not changed during the last 6 decades.

RESULTS

All but 1 of the 47 residents with multiple myeloma first diagnosed between 1991 and 2001 were recognized antemortem. Fifty‐five percent had a previous monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering multiple myeloma, or solitary plasmacytoma before multiple myeloma was diagnosed. From 1991 to 2001, the overall annual incidence rate, age‐adjusted to the 2000 U.S. population, was 4.3 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval, 3.0–5.5 per 100,000). Poisson regression analysis showed no statistically significant trend in Olmsted County incidence rates over 56 years. In similar fashion, the authors adjusted multiple myeloma incidence rates from nine other studies worldwide for which adequate data were available and documented similar findings in each case, except for one study that included patients with smoldering multiple myeloma.

CONCLUSIONS

The overall incidence of multiple myeloma in Olmsted County, Minnesota, has not changed in almost 6 decades. The apparent increase in incidence elsewhere is unexplained but probably is attributable to improvements in diagnostic techniques, particularly in older patients. Cancer 2004. © 2004 American Cancer Society.