bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reaction engineering studies in a polytropic fixed‐bed reactor over a highly active and selective catalyst for oxidative methane coupling
Authors: Mleczko Leslaw , Gayko Guido , Niemi Vesa M. , Hiltunen Jyrki
Published: August 2005

The oxidative coupling of methane (OCM) was carried out in a polytropic fixed‐bed reactor applying a Zr/La/Sr catalyst developed by the Neste company. Over this catalyst the OCM reaction follows a complex reaction scheme which includes primary parallel reaction steps to CO, CO2 and C2H6 and consecutive reactions of ethane to ethylene or COx. Yield of higher hydrocarbons C2+ obtained with this catalyst strongly depended on reaction conditions, i.e. low partial pressures of methane and oxygen obtained by diluting the feed gas with nitrogen and high reaction temperatures promoted C2+ selectivity and yield. The maximum yield amounted to 21.4% (20 Vol.‐% CH4, 9 Vol.‐% O2, 71 Vol.‐% N2, T = 860°C; XCH4 = 41.8%, S = 52.5%). This result belongs to the highest yields reported in the open literature.
Measurement of solids concentration by an ultrasonic transmission technique
Authors: Soong Yee , Gamwo Isaac K. , Harke Fred W. , Blackwell Arthur G. , Schehl Richard R. , Zarochak Michael F.
Published: August 2005

An ultrasonic transmission technique is under development to determine the concentration of solids in a three‐phase slurry reactor by measuring the velocity of ultrasound in slurries. Preliminary measurements have been made on slurries consisting of water, glass beads, and air bubbles. The data show that both the sound speed and attenuation are well‐defined functions of both the solid and gas concentrations in the slurries. A simple model is proposed to correlate the concentration of solids with the measured ultrasonic signals.
The development of chemical engineering in german industry and universities
Authors: Onken Ulfert
Published: August 2005

Chemical engineering is taught at German universities in three different types of curricula: chemical engineering proper, process engineering (“Verfahrenstechnik”), and industrial chemistry (“Technische Chemie”). Independent departments resp. faculties of chemical engineering exist at four universities. At other universities process engineering is offered as a complete curriculum with a smaller amount of chemistry than chemical engineering curricula, mostly by the departments of mechanical engineering. Industrial chemistry is an essential component of chemistry courses at most technical universities and optional subject at several classical universities. The cause of this diversity of approaches to chemical engineering can be traced back to the beginning of the production of high‐value organics (dyes, pharmaceuticals) in Germany in the second half of the 19th century.
Effect of surfactants on the rate of solid‐liquid mass transfer in packed bubble columns
Authors: Nosier Shaaban Ali Attia , El‐Khaiary Mohammad Ibrahim , Zaki Magdy Mohammad
Published: August 2005

The effect of sodium lauryl sulphate (anionic) and Triton X‐100 (nonionic) on the solid‐liquid mass transfer at a gas‐sparged fixed bed of copper Raschig rings was studied by measuring the diffusion‐controlled dissolution of copper rings in acidified chromate solution. The variables studied were the nitrogen flow rate, the type of surfactant, and the surfactant concentration. It was found that an increase occurs in the solid‐liquid mass transfer coefficient with increasing the nitrogen flow rate. Increasing the surfactant concentration was found to decrease the mass transfer coefficient. For a given surfactant concentration, it was found that Triton X‐100 reduces the mass transfer coefficient more than sodium lauryl sulphate.
Minimum energy demand of distillation columns with multiple feeds
Authors: Glanz Stephan , Stichlmair Johann
Published: August 2005

Distillation columns with multiple feeds are often used in processes for the separation of multicomponent mixtures. The minimum energy demand of such columns is determined via the minimum reflux and reboil, respectively.

A novel method for directly calculating the minimum reflux ratio is presented in this paper. Applicable to ideal, nonideal and azeotropic mixtures the method is based merely on the knowledge of vapor‐liquid equilibrium of the feed mixtures. This knowledge allows the determination of the internal concentration profile near the feed entry and, in turn, the calculation of both minimum reflux and optimal sequence of feeds. This sequence of feeds depends on feed compositions and product compositions, as well. Surprisingly, sometimes a multiple feed entry requires a higher energy demand than premixing the feed streams.
Kinetics of buta‐1,3‐diene hydrogenation over 0.5% Pd/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst
Authors: Goetz Jessie , Touroude Raymonde , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: August 2005

The gas‐phase hydrogenation of buta‐1,3‐diene to but‐1‐ene, trans‐ and cis‐but‐2‐ene and butane has been performed over 0.5% Pd/γ‐Al2O3 catalyst. The reaction has been investigated at atmospheric pressure and 0°C over a wide range of conversions. The kinetic model based on the present day knowledge of reaction mechanism has been advanced. The parameters of the kinetic model have been estimated through statistical data fitting. The kinetic model provides a fairly good description of selectivity in the whole range of conversions.
Kinetics of 4‐tert‐butylphenol hydrogenation over rhodium
Authors: Konuspaev Sapar R. , Zhanbekov Khairulla N. , Kul'Kova Natalya V. , Murzin Dmitry Yu.
Published: August 2005

The kinetics of the liquid phase hydrogenation of 4‐tert‐butylphenol to form cis‐ and trans‐ 4‐tert‐butylcyclohexanol at 1.0–10.0 MPa and 40°C in isopropanol over a Rh catalyst has been studied. The kinetic behavior of this parallel system is described by a proposed reaction network. Keto‐enol tautomeric transformation of adsorbed 4‐tert‐butyltetrahydrophenol and 4‐tert‐butylcyclohexanone is thought to be a key step, which governs the stereoselectivity of the overall complex reaction of alkylphenol hydrogenation.
A study of gain scheduling control applied to an exothermic CSTR
Authors: Lagerberg Adam , Breitholtz Claes
Published: August 2005

This paper describes how gain scheduling control is applied to a continuous stirred tank reactor model. The CSTR process, equipped with a cooling system, is modelled. Based on the resulting nonlinear model, a gain scheduling controller is designed. The gain scheduling follows a scheme denoted bias compensation. Compared to earlier reported gain scheduling schemes, the proposed scheme results in a controller that is less complex, which is advantageous in the controller implementation stage. Numerous simulations are performed, using the gain scheduling controller and two choices of control input to the reactor model. The simulation results indicate that a gain scheduling controller performs better than a linear controller. Simulations using different choices of control input to the reactor model indicate that proper process design is crucial for the controlled process performance.
Oxidation of aqueous sulfide solutions by dioxygen Part I: Autoxidation reaction
Authors: Fischer Holger , Schulz‐Ekloff Günter , Wöhrle Dieter
Published: August 2005

The autoxidation of aqueous sulfide solutions by dioxygen is studied at pH 9 and 14 and at initial sulfide concentrations between 1 and 100 mM. Disulfide as a primarary intermediate is proposed to enhance the sulfide oxidation by autocatalytically forming polysulfies. The postulate is supported by the observed acceleration of the process at increasing pH favoring the presence of disulfide rather than that of sulfur. The final reaction products thiosulfate and sulfate are proposed to result from the hydrolysis of the highly instable intermediate polythiosulfite in parallel parallel reaction pathways, assuming probabilities for breaking the sulfur chain at the α (sulfate) and β (thiosulfate) positions to be responsible for the selectivity. A reaction scheme is proposed, considering all experimental observations.
Influence of dust particles on the hydrodynamic behavior and mass transfer in droplet column
Authors: Muller Nathalie , Benadda Belkacem , Otterbein Michel
Published: August 2005

Bubble columns are commonly used in industry for polluted gas treatment. Based on the same principle, the droplet column which is not widely known in the literature, uses much higher gas velocities, up to 14 m/s. This study concerns the hydrodynamics and mass transfer in this apparatus, in presence or absence of solid particles. Our results have demonstrated the impact of dusts on mass transfer performance giving rise to an increase in the kL aL coefficient with decreasing particle size. However, no influence of dust on the hydrodynamics of the column has been demonstrated within the studied particle size range.

A study of liquid holdups obtained by three different methods is also carried out. Our results are comparable, thus validating the methods used.
Prediction of settling velocity of drops in a concentration batch liquid‐liquid dispersion
Authors: Das Parichay K.
Published: August 2005

A simple and new model for the prediction of drop velocity as a function of dispersed phase volume fraction has been proposed on the basis of experimental knowledge of onset time of complete separation between two phases as function of the initial hold‐up.
Modeling of multi‐solid liquid fluidized bed
Authors: Asif Mohammad
Published: August 2005

A dynamic model of the liquid fluidized bed containing two or more solid particle species of different size and density is presented. The model incorporates the particle mass transport mechanisms of the convection and the dispersion. The movement of the upper interface of the bed subject to a change in the liquid velocity is specified using the mass balance constraint. The particle velocities and dispersion coefficients are evaluated using correlations. The model is capable of describing the bed expansion, concentration profiles of the individual particle species, the bulk density profile, and the occurrence of layer inversion.
Slip velocity characteristics in the riser of circulating fluidised bed
Authors: Subramanian N. Bala , Kannan C. Srinivasa
Published: August 2005

Experiments were carried out in a conventional circulating fluidised bed to measure the axial pressure profile and total pressure drop, which covered a wide range of operating conditions. Material belonging to the Geldart A (fine material) as well as the Geldart B (course material) categories have been used in the present work. Slip velocity is determined from the total pressure drop and noticed that the slip velocity is much higher than the free fall velocity of single particle for Geldart A type material, while it is approximately equal to the free fall velocity of single particle for the Geldart B type materials.

A model is developed for slip velocity taking into account all the hindrance effects: particle‐particle, and particle‐wall, and particle agglomeration. Predictions of the present model are validated with the data due to present study and the data reported in the literature.
Intermixing of fluidizing gas streams in a compartmented circulating fluidized bed
Authors: Bhattacharya B. , Sathiyamoorthy D. , Rao V. Govardhana , Mahajan S. P.
Published: August 2005

The intermixing of fluidizing gas between the compartments of a compartmented circulating gas fluidized bed fitted with a V‐valve and riser combination has been experimentally studied. The intermixing of fluidizing gas that flows co‐current (cross flow) as well as counter‐current (back flow) to the circulating solids has been investigated. At low aerations, gas cross flow increased proportionally with the increase in solid circulation rate. But at high aerations, gas cross flow increased with aeration even when solid circulation decreased. Studies on back flow of gas revealed some interesting observations. At high fluidizing bed height on upstream side back flow of V‐valve, gas has been negligible. But at low upstream bed heights and low aeration in V‐valve and riser back flow of V‐valve, gas has been substantial.
Gas‐liquid mass transfer in bubble columns with a T‐junction nozzle for gas dispersion
Authors: Laari Arto , Kallas Juha , Palosaari Seppo
Published: August 2005

Bubble break‐up, gas holdup, and the gas‐liquid volumetric mass transfer coefficient are studied in a bubble column reactor with simultaneous injection of a gas and liquid through a T‐junction nozzle. The theoretical dependence of bubble break‐up and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient on liquid velocity in the nozzle is developed on the basis of isotropic turbulence theory. It is shown that correlations which are developed based on liquid jet kinetic power per nozzle volume explain average gas holdup and the volumetric mass transfer coefficient within an error of 15% for all gas and liquid flow rates and nozzle diameters used. Experiments with a larger scale column, height 4.64 m and diameter 0.98 m, show a transition from homogeneous to heterogeneous flow at a certain liquid flow rate through the nozzle. Liquid composition was found to have a significant effect on gas‐liquid mass transfer. A phenol concentration of 10–30 mg/l in water increases the volumetric mass transfer coefficient of oxygen by 100%. This phenomenon may have significance in the chemical oxidation of wastewater.
Transalkylation of biphenyl over zeolites: Optimizing the reaction conditions and kinetic modeling
Authors: Brechtelsbauer Clemens , Emig Gerhard
Published: August 2005

The shape‐selective transalkylation of biphenyl with pentamethylbenzene over ultrastable Y‐faujasites to produce para‐methylated biphenyls was studied in the liquid slurry phase. The reaction was carried out in a discontinuously operated stainless steel autoclave using n‐heptane as the solvent with a temperature range of 513 to 533 K and a pressure of 3 MPa. As for the progress of the reaction the presence of strong Brønsted acid sites was essential, an ultrastable faujasite treated with aqueous hydrochloric acid having a high content of those sites was used as the catalyst. Thus, a yield of the target product 4,4′‐dimethylbiphenyl of above 11% referring to biphenyl could be achieved. The effect of the operating conditions on the formation of the target product was investigated. The decisive influence was acted out by the molar ratio of biphenyl to alkylating agent, in so far as a surplus of pentamethylbenzene of 7:1 referring to biphenyl enhanced the yield of the target product to 14%. The kinetics of the reaction could be successfully descibed with a lumped reaction scheme, introducing pseudo components, summarizing structural isomers, and pseudo reactions, such as the formation of coke.
The characteristics of wave propagation in a vibrating fluidized bed
Authors: Wang Tingjie , Jin Yong , Wang Zhanwen , Yu Zhiqing
Published: August 2005

Based on experiments, this paper describes that the vibration energy imported to a packed bed is through the collision between the vibration plate and the bed, and the vibration energy imported to a fluidized bed is through continuous wave propagation. A new type sensor was used to measure the wave signals in VFB. The wave characteristics are affected by bed properties. By analyzing the wave frequency spectrum, the bubble's behavior in the bed can be followed.
Secondary nucleation of sodium chlorate studied with the aid of asymmetric crystallization
Authors: Mayer Christoph , Lacmann Rolf
Published: August 2005

The size‐dependent breeding of sodium chlorate crystals can be determined by carrying out experiments with seed crystals of optical antipodes of different sizes that undergo absolutely identical experimental conditions. Small portions of right‐ and left‐handed seed crystals of different sizes were used. The number density distributions of the two opposite forms led to the total numbers of D‐ and L‐crystals. The nucleation from different seed sizes under identical experimental conditions was found to be proportional to L4 in agreement with Clontz et al. [1] and Bennett et al. [2]. A computer program for the modelling of batch crystallization was used to calculate the development of the nucleation process. The data for the supersaturation course and for the development of the population of the right‐ and left‐handed crystals are in good agreement with the experimental results. Only few generations (one or two) of secondary nucleation are being built during the process because of the strong influence of the size of crystals on the nucleation rate. The formation of two generations of secondary nuclei could be observed during three‐hour batch crystallization runs.
Electronic Structure of Ternary YbMn2X2 (X: Si, Ge) Compounds.
Authors: Szytula A. , Jezierski A. , Penc B. , Hofmann M. , Campbell S. J.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Systematic Study on Crystal Structure and Properties of FeSr2LnCu2O7+δ (Ln: La, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, and Yb).
Authors: Yang L. T. , Liang J. K. , Liu Q. L. , Fan H. M. , Song G. B. , Feng X. M. , Yang H. F. , Rao G. H.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ca2IrD5: An Order—Disorder Transition.
Authors: Moyer Ralph O. Jr. , Toby Brian H.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Systematic Synthesis and Characterization of Single‐Crystal Lanthanide Orthophosphate Nanowires.
Authors: Fang Yue‐Ping , Xu An‐Wu , Song Rui‐Qi , Zhang Hua‐Xin , You Li‐Ping , Yu Jimmy C. , Liu Han‐Qin
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Conversion of VUV to Visible in K5Li2LnF10 Containing Rare‐Earth Ions (Ln: Pr—Gd).
Authors: Solarz P. , Dominiak‐Dzik G. , Ryba‐Romanowski W.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Neutron Diffraction Study of the Magnetic Structure of α‐Mn2O3.
Authors: Regulski M. , Przenioslo R. , Sosnowska I. , Hohlwein D. , Schneider R.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic Properties of Tb1‐xYxMn6Sn6 Compounds.
Authors: Zajkov N. K. , Mushnikov N. V. , Gerasimov E. G. , Gavikov V. S. , Bartashevich M. I. , Goto T. , Khrabrov V. I.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Thermochemistry of Some Binary Alloys of Gold with the Lanthanide Metals by High Temperature Direct Synthesis Calorimetry
Authors: Meschel S. V. , Kleppa O. J.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hydrogen Storage Properties of La(Ni0.9M0.1)3 Alloys.
Authors: Kohno T. , Yoshida H. , Kanda M.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystal Structure of Two New Sodium Borates Na3B7O12 and Na2Tl2B10O17.
Authors: Penin N. , Touboul M. , Nowogrocki G.
Published: August 2005

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(C6H14N2) {Zn[ZnB2P4O15(OH)2] ×(C6H13N2)Cl}: A New Templated Zincoborophosphate.
Authors: Huang Ya‐Xi , Schaefer Gerd , Carrillo‐Cabrera Wilder , Borrmann Horst , Gil Raul Cardoso , Kniep Ruediger
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Controlling the Quantity of Radical Oxygen Occluded in a New Aluminum Silicate with Nanopores.
Authors: Fujita Satoru , Ohkawa Makio , Suzuki Kenzi , Nakano Hideyuki , Mori Toshiaki , Masuda Hideki
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
[Ga51(PtBu2)14Br6] 3‐: An Elementoid Gallium Cluster with Metalloid and Nonmetalloid Structural Elements.
Authors: Steiner Jochen , Stoesser Gregor , Schnoeckel Hansgeorg
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Crystallization Region, Crystal Growth, and Phase Transitions of KNd(PO3)4.
Authors: Parreu I. , Sole R. , Gavalda Jna. , Diaz F. , Aguilo M.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel and Efficient Organic Liquid Electrolytes for Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells Based on a Ru(II) Terpyridyl Complex Photosensitizer.
Authors: Hara Kohjiro , Nishikawa Takeshi , Sayama Kazuhiro , Aika Kenichi , Arakawa Hironori
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of Novel P‐Ketimine Bidentate Ferrocenyl Ligands with Central and Planar Chirality and Comparison in the Catalytic Activity Between P‐Ketimine and P‐Aldimine.
Authors: Hu Xiangping , Chen Huilin , Dai Huicong , Zheng Zhuo
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of 2,6‐Disubstituted 2H‐Dihydropyrans via a Catalytic Hetero‐Diels—Alder/Allylboration Sequence.
Authors: Deligny Michael , Carreaux Francois , Toupet Loic , Carboni Bertrand
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Atropos but Achiral Tris(phosphanyl)biphenyl Ligands for Ru‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation.
Authors: Aikawa Kohsuke , Mikami Koichi
Published: August 2005

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Helical Chirality Control of Palladium Complexes that Bear a Tetrakis(phosphanyl)terphenyl Ligand: Application as Asymmetric Lewis Acid Catalysts.
Authors: Aikawa Kohsuke , Mikami Koichi
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Enantioselective Hydrogen‐Transfer Reductive Amination: Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Primary Amines.
Authors: Kadyrov Renat , Riermeier Thomas H.
Published: August 2005

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Quasi Solvent‐Free Enantioselective Carbonyl‐Ene Reaction with Extremely Low Catalyst Loading.
Authors: Yuan Yu , Zhang Xue , Ding Kuiling
Published: August 2005

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Multicenter Strategy for the Development of Catalytic Enantioselective Nucleophilic Alkylation of Ketones: Me2Zn Addition to α‐Ketoesters.
Authors: Funabashi Ken , Jachmann Markus , Kanai Motomu , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Applications of Camphor‐Derived P,N‐Ligands for Asymmetric Pd‐ and Ir‐Catalyzed Reactions.
Authors: Bunlaksananusorn Tanasri , Perez Luna Alejandro , Bonin Martine , Micouin Laurent , Knochel Paul
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
α′‐Hydroxy Enones as Achiral Templates for Lewis Acid‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Palomo Claudio , Oiarbide Mikel , Garcia Jesus M. , Gonzalez Alberto , Arceo Elena
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Radical Carbonylation/Reduction Cyclization for the Construction of Tetrahydrofuran‐3‐ones and Pyrrolidin‐3‐ones.
Authors: Berlin Stefan , Ericsson Cecilia , Engman Lars
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Addition of Diazoalkanes to Enynes Promoted by a Ruthenium Catalyst: Simple Synthesis of Alkenyl Bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane Derivatives.
Authors: Monnier Florian , Castillo Dante , Derien Sylvie , Toupet Loic , Dixneuf Pierre H.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Studies on the Reaction of Unsymmetrical Trifluoromethyl 1,2‐Phenylenediamine with Various Ketones Leading to Novel Fluorinated Heterocycles.
Authors: Reddy G. Venkat , Rao V. V. V. N. S. Rama , Maitraie D. , Ravikanth S. , Yadla R. , Reddy S. N. , Narsaiah B. , Rao P. Shanthan
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Ionic Liquid Mediated Efficient Oxidation of Alcohols Using o‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) — A Simple and Eco‐Friendly Protocol.
Authors: Karthikeyan Ganesan , Perumal Paramasivan T.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rhenium‐Catalyzed Epoxide Deoxygenation: Scope and Limitations.
Authors: Gable Kevin P. , Brown Eric C.
Published: August 2005

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Comments on a Conversion of Epoxides to Halohydrins with Elemental Halogen Catalyzed by Phenylhydrazine: Tandem Electrophilic Halogenation of Aromatic Compounds and Epoxide Ring Opening to Halohydrins.
Authors: Soroka Miroslaw , Goldeman Waldemar , Malysa Piotr , Stochaj Monika
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1‐Fluoro‐2,4,6‐trichloro‐1,3,5‐triazinium Tetrafluoroborate: Synthesis, Characterization, and Ability to Effect Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution.
Authors: Banks R. Eric , Besheesh Mohamed K. , Fraenk Wolfgang , Klapoetke Thomas M.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Regioselectivity for the Michael Addition of Thiols to Unsymmetrical Fumaric Derivatives.
Authors: Kamimura Akio , et al. et al. , et al. et al.
Published: August 2005

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Convenient N‐Formylation of Secondary Amines: KF—Al2O3‐Promoted Synthesis of Formamide Derivatives via Dichlorocarbene Generated from Chloroform.
Authors: Mihara Masatoshi , Ishino Yoshio , Minakata Satoshi , Komatsu Mitsuo
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Heterodimerization of Olefins. Part 1. Hydrovinylation Reactions of Olefins that Are Amenable to Asymmetric Catalysis.
Authors: RajanBabu T. V. , Nomura Nobuyoshi , Jin Jian , Nandi Malay , Park Haengsoon , Sun Xiufeng
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Gold(III) Chloride‐Catalyzed Addition Reactions of Electron‐Rich Arenes to Methyl Vinyl Ketone.
Authors: Dyker Gerald , Muth Enrico , Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Ding Li
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The Aldol Reaction under High‐Intensity Ultrasound: A Novel Approach to an Old Reaction.
Authors: Cravotto Giancarlo , Demetri Alberto , Nano Gian Mario , Palmisano Giovanni , Penoni Andrea , Tagliapietra Silvia
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Simple, Mild, and Practical Esterification, Thioesterification, and Amide Formation Utilizing p‐Toluenesulfonyl Chloride and N‐Methylimidazole.
Authors: Wakasugi Kazunori , Iida Akira , Misaki Tomonori , Nishii Yoshinori , Tanabe Yoo
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mild and Efficient Hydrolysis of Aromatic Thioacetals/Thioketals Using o‐Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) in Presence of β‐Cyclodextrin in Water.
Authors: Krishnaveni N. Srilakshmi , Surendra K. , Nageswar Y. V. D. , Rao K. Rama
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Facile Method for Deprotection of O‐Allylphenols.
Authors: Yamada Makoto , Watanabe Shin‐ichi , Hoshino Osamu , Ishizaki Miyuki , Hayashida Maiko , Tanaka Atsuko , Hara Hiroshi
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The First Silver‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling of Aldehyde, Alkyne, and Amine.
Authors: Wei Chunmei , Li Zigang , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
1,1,1‐Trichloro‐4,4‐diethoxy‐3‐buten‐2‐one and Its Trichloroacetylacetate Derivatives: Synthesis and Applications in Regiospecific Preparation of Azoles.
Authors: Martins Marcos A. P. , Pereira Claudio M. P. , Zimmermann Nilo E. K. , Moura Sidnei , Sinhorin Adilson P. , Cunico Wilson , Zanatta Nilo , Bonacorso Helio G. , Flores Alex C. F.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclic Diynes by Alkyne Metathesis.
Authors: Hellbach Bjoern , Gleiter Rolf , Rominger Frank
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chiral Bis‐π‐allylpalladium Complex Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation of Imines: Enhancement of the Enantioselectivity and Chemical Yield in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Fernandes Rodney A. , Stimac Anton , Yamamoto Yoshinori
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Catalytic Reductive Carbon—Carbon Bond‐Forming Reactions of Alkynes.
Authors: Miller Karen M. , Molinaro Carmela , Jamison Timothy F.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Addition Reaction of Vinylic Reagents, Derived from α‐Chloroenones, to Carbonyl Compounds Promoted by Samarium Diiodide.
Authors: Concellon Jose M. , Bernad Pablo L. , Huerta Monica , Garcia‐Granda Santiago , Diaz M. Rosario
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Oxidation of the Methyl Group at the Aromatic Nucleus with Molecular Oxygen in the Presence of N‐Bromosuccinimide under Photoirradiation.
Authors: Itoh Akichika , Kodama Tomohiro , Hashimoto Shouei , Masaki Yukio
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Mannich‐Type Reactions Catalyzed by Neutral Salts in Water.
Authors: Loncaric Catherine , Manabe Kei , Kobayashi Shu
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Alkoxymethylation of Carboxamides Catalyzed by Broensted Acids.
Authors: Ledneczki Istvan , Agocs Pal M. , Molnar Arpad
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Aerobic Oxidation of Acetals to Esters Catalyzed by N‐Hydroxy Phthalimide (NHPI) and Co(II) under Mild Conditions.
Authors: Karimi Babak , Rajabi Jamshid
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
An Efficient Method for the Chemoselective Preparation of Benzoylated 1,2‐Diols from Epoxides.
Authors: Khalafi‐Nezhad A. , Soltani Rad M. N. , Khoshnood A.
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
N‐Trifluoroacetyl Arenesulfenamides, Effective Precursors for Synthesis of Unsymmetrical Disulfides and Sulfenamides
Authors: Bao Ming , Shimizu Masao
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Highly Diastereoselective Conjugate Addition to Alkylidene Bis(sulfoxides): Asymmetric Synthesis of (+)‐erythro‐Roccellic Acid.
Authors: Brebion Franck , Delouvrie Benedicte , Najera Francisco , Fensterbank Louis , Malacria Max , Vaissermann Jacqueline
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclotrimerization of Enaminones: An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of 1,3,5‐Triaroylbenzenes.
Authors: Elghamry Ibrahim
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Simple and Convenient Multigram Scale Synthesis of Hydroxyphenstatin: Potential Cancer Cell Growth Inhibitor.
Authors: Radha Pedamallu
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Efficient Synthesis of 4,4‐Dimethyl‐1,9,10(1H)‐anthracenetrione.
Authors: Crawley Matthew L. , Hein Karl J. , Markgraf J. Hodge
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Metalated Epoxides as Carbenoids. Competing C—H and C=C Insertion in α‐Alkoxy Epoxide Systems.
Authors: Dechoux Luc , Agami Claude , Doris Eric , Mioskowski Charles
Published: August 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
New Oligomeric Catalyst for the Hydrolytic Kinetic Resolution of Terminal Epoxides under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: White David E. , Jacobsen Eric N.
Published: August 2005

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Chiral Aziridine‐trans‐2,3‐dicarboxylic Acid Derivatives: Exciting History, Re‐examination and Structures.
Authors: Kostyanovsky Remir G. , Krutius Oleg N. , Stankevich Andrey A. , Lyssenko Konstantin A.
Published: August 2005

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Synthesis of NH‐3‐Phenylsulfanyl‐ and NH‐3‐Benzylsulfanyl‐azetidinones from 1‐Phenylsulfanyl‐ of 1‐Benzylsulfanyl‐3‐aza‐1,3‐dienes.
Authors: Panunzio Mauro , Bongini Alessandro , Tamanini Emiliano , Campana Eileen , Martelli Giorgio , Vicennati Paola , Zanardi Ilaria
Published: August 2005

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Organic Azides in Heterocyclic Synthesis. Part 33. Synthesis of 10‐Aryl‐10H‐naphto[1,8a,8‐fg]indazol‐7‐ones.
Authors: Stadlbauer Wolfgang , Hojas Gerhard
Published: August 2005

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A Novel and Convenient Approach to 2‐Unsubstituted Imidazolium and Thiazolium Salts.
Authors: Morel Georges
Published: August 2005

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Oxazolinyloxiranyllithium‐Mediated Synthesis of Highly Strained Heterocyclic Compounds.
Authors: Luisi Renzo , Capriati Vito , Degennaro Leonardo , Florio Saverio
Published: August 2005

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An Unexpected Transformation of 3,4‐Diacylfuroxans into 3‐Acyl‐4‐acylaminofurazans in the Reaction with Nitriles.
Authors: Seregin Ilya V. , Ovchinnikov Igor V. , Makhova Nina N. , Lyubetsky Denis V. , Lyssenko Konstantin A.
Published: August 2005

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Alkynylations of 2‐Pyrone (Pyran‐2‐one) Halides.
Authors: Fairlamb Ian J. S. , Lu Feng Ju , Schmidt Jan Peter
Published: August 2005

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One‐Pot Synthesis of 2‐Alkyl/Arylamino‐4‐oxo‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐carboxaldehyde from 4‐Oxo‐4H‐1‐benzopyran‐3‐carboxaldehyde.
Authors: Bandyopadhyay Chandrakanta , Sur Kumar Ranabir , Patra Ranjan , Banerjee Subhabrata
Published: August 2005

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Synthesis of N1‐Substituted Coumarino[4,3‐c]pyrazoles.
Authors: Cacic Milan , Trkovnik Mladen , Has‐Schoen Elizabeta
Published: August 2005

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Base Effect on the Palladium‐Catalyzed α‐Arylation of N‐Benzyl‐2‐piperidinones.
Authors: Cossy Janine , de Filippis Arnault , Gomez Pardo Domingo
Published: August 2005

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Synthesis of 5‐Substituted 2‐(4‐ or 3‐Methoxyphenyl)‐4(1H)‐quinolones.
Authors: Pain Christophe , Celanire Sylvain , Guillaumet Gerald , Joseph Benoit
Published: August 2005

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New trans/cis Tetrahydroisoquinolines. Part 2. trans‐ and cis‐3‐(1‐Methyl‐1H‐pyrrol‐2‐yl)‐1‐ (2H)‐oxo‐2‐phenethyl‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydroisoquinolin‐4‐carboxylic Acids and Subsequent Transformations.
Authors: Stoyanova M. P. , Kozekov I. D. , Palamareva M. D.
Published: August 2005

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InBr3‐Catalyzed Cyclization of Glycals with Aryl Amines.
Authors: Yadav Jhillu S. , Reddy Basi V. S. , Rao Katta V. , Raj Kavuda Saritha , Prasad Atlaluri R. , Kumar Singarapu Kiran , Kunwar Ajit C. , Jayaprakash Panjula , Jagannath Bulusu
Published: August 2005

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Lithiation and Side‐Chain Substitution of 3‐Alkyl‐1H‐quinoxalin‐2‐ones.
Authors: Smith Keith , El‐Hiti Gamal A. , Mahgoub Safaa A.
Published: August 2005

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Synthesis of 3,1‐Benzothiazines by Cyclization of 2‐Thioformylaminodiphenylacetylenes.
Authors: Fernandes Manuel A. , Reid David H.
Published: August 2005

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Triazoles. Part 47. Synthesis of 1,3a,5,6,ωc‐Pentaazacycloalka[e]acenaphthylenes.
Authors: Berecz Gabor , Reiter Jozsef
Published: August 2005

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A Novel Synthesis of 5‐Perfluoroalkyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐1,4‐diazepines from 1‐Perfluoroalkyl‐2‐iodoethylenes.
Authors: Liu Jin‐Tao , Zhao Fu‐Lu
Published: August 2005

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Ammonium Cerium(IV) Nitrate as an Efficient Oxidizing Agent for Fused 1,4‐Dihydropyridazine Derivatives and Hydrazides.
Authors: Pozgan Franc , Polanc Slovenko , Kocevar Marijan
Published: August 2005

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Facile One‐Pot Microwave Induced Solvent‐Free Synthesis and Antifungal Antitubercular Screening of Spiro [1,5]‐Benzothiazepin‐2,3′[3′H]indol‐2[1′H]‐ones.
Authors: Dandia Anshu , Sati Meha , Arya Kapil , Sharma Rekha , Loupy Andre
Published: August 2005

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Homoleptic Lanthanoid Alkyl and Amide Precatalysts Efficiently Mediate Intramolecular Hydrophosphination/Cyclization. Observations on Scope and Mechanism.
Authors: Kawaoka Amber M. , Douglass Michael R. , Marks Tobin J.
Published: August 2005

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Iodoform, a New Reagent in the Todd—Atherton Reaction.
Authors: Mielniczak Grazyna , Lopusinski Andrzej
Published: August 2005

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Isolation of Some Novel Phytoconstituents from Anaphalis araneosa Roots
Authors: Sharma S. K. , Ali M. , Mir S. R.
Published: August 2005

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New Synthesis of Natural Carotene Isorenieratene (Φ,Φ‐Carotene) and Its 3,3′‐Dimethoxy Analogue.
Authors: Valla Alain R. , Cartier Dominique L. , Valla Benoist G. , Le Guillou Regis Y. , Andriamialisoa Zo R. , Labia Roger , Breithaupt Dietmar E. , Savy Stephanie M. , Binet Adrien , Dufosse Laurent H.
Published: August 2005

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Total Synthesis of Microsclerodermin E.
Authors: Zhu Jidong , Ma Dawei
Published: August 2005

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The 3,4‐O‐Carbonate Protecting Group as a β‐Directing Group in Rhamnopyranosylation in Both Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Glycosylations as Compared to the Chameleon‐Like 2,3‐O‐Carbonates.
Authors: Crich David , Vinod A. U. , Picione John
Published: August 2005

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Enzymatic Synthesis of N‐Acetyllactosamine in Aqueous‐Organic Reaction Media.
Authors: Franke J. , Braun K. , Kuhl P.
Published: August 2005

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Asymmetric Synthesis of 4,5‐Disubstituted 3‐Hydroxy δ‐Lactones: Prelactone B and Prelactone V.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Haas Mareile
Published: August 2005

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Isolation of Abikoviromycin and Dihydroabikoviromycin as Inhibitors of Polyketide Synthase Involved in Melanin Biosynthesis by Colletotrichum lagenarium.
Authors: Maruyama Hiroki , Okamoto Susumu , Kubo Yasuyuki , Tsuji Gento , Fujii Isao , Ebizuka Yutaka , Furihata Keiko , Hayakawa Yoichi , Nagasawa Hiromichi , Sakuda Shohei
Published: August 2005

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Isolation, Structure, and HIV‐1 Integrase Inhibitory Activity of Xanthoviridicatin E and F, Two Novel Fungal Metabolites Produced by Penicillium chrysogenum.
Authors: Singh Sheo B. , Zink Deborah L. , Guan Ziqiang , Collado Javier , Pelaez Fernando , Felock Peter J. , Hazuda Daria J.
Published: August 2005

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An Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of Tarchonanthuslactone.
Authors: Enders Dieter , Steinbusch Daniel
Published: August 2005

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Supramolecular Assemblies in Eutectic Alloys
Authors: Persov V. S. , Mikheikin I. D. , Makhonina E. V. , Butskii V. D.
Published: August 2005

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Microstructure, Fabrication and Properties of Quasicrystalline Al—Cu—Fe Alloys: A Review
Authors: Huttunen‐Saarivirta Elina
Published: August 2005

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Bimetallic Reactivity: Factors Controlling One‐Site Addition Two‐Metal Oxidation Reactions in Bimetallic Complexes
Authors: Gavrilova Anna L. , Bosnich B.
Published: August 2005

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π‐Complexes of Chromium, Molybdenum, and Tungsten Excluding Arenes
Authors: Theopold K. H. , Mommertz A. , Salisbury B. A.
Published: August 2005

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Asymmetric Alkynylzinc Additions to Aldehydes and Ketones
Authors: Pu Lin
Published: August 2005

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Synthetic Routes Towards Enantiomerically Pure β‐Amino Acids
Authors: Sewald Norbert
Published: August 2005

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Chiral Carbohydrate Building Blocks with a New Perspective (Revisited)
Authors: Witczak Zbigniew J.
Published: August 2005

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Why Organophosphorus Chemistry?
Authors: Kiddle James J.
Published: August 2005

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Naturally Occurring Diazo Compounds: The Kinamycins
Authors: Marco‐Contelles Jose , Molina Maria T.
Published: August 2005

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Organic Synthesis Using Polymer‐Supported Reagents, Catalysts and Scavengers in Simple Laboratory Flow Systems
Authors: Hodge Philip
Published: August 2005

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Concepts of Combinatorial Chemistry in Process Development
Authors: Eckert Markus , Notheis Ulrich
Published: August 2005

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Cycloadditions in Combinatorial and Solid‐Phase Synthesis
Authors: Albers Markus , Meyer Thorsten
Published: August 2005

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Biocatalytic Reactions in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Kragl Udo , Eckstein Marrit , Kaftzik Nicole
Published: August 2005

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Radiochemistry with the Short‐Lived Positron Emitters 11C and 18F
Authors: Wuest Frank
Published: August 2005

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New Synthesis Methodologies under Microwave Irradiation: Application to the Preparation of Biologically Active Molecules
Authors: Thiery V. , Keou D. , Frere S. , Besson T.
Published: August 2005

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Rearrangements and Transformations of 1,2,3‐Thiadiazoles in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Morzherin Yu. Yu. , Glukhareva T. V. , Bakulev V. A.
Published: August 2005

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Renaissance of Ullmann and Goldberg Reactions — Progress in Copper Catalyzed C—N‐, C—O‐ and C—S‐Coupling
Authors: Kunz Klaus , Scholz Ulrich , Ganzer Dirk
Published: August 2005

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Optically Active Polymers with Chiral Recognition Ability
Authors: Okamoto Yoshio , Yashima Eiji , Yamamoto Chiyo
Published: August 2005

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A Convergent Method for the Synthesis of Highly Enantiomerically Enriched Cyclic Silanes with Silicon‐Centered Chirality
Authors: Oestereich Martin , Schmid Ulrike K. , Auer Gertrud , Keller Manfred
Published: August 2005

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Carbon—Carbon Bond Cleavage Reaction and Its Application Using Transition Metals
Authors: Takahashi Tamotsu , Kanno Ken‐ichiro
Published: August 2005

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Total Synthesis of Potent Antitumor Alkaloid Ecteinascidin 743
Authors: Kan Toshiyuki
Published: August 2005

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Highly Stereoselective Alk‐2‐enylation of Aldehyde via Allyl‐Transfer Reaction
Authors: Nokami Junzo
Published: August 2005

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Antimycobacterial Natural Products
Authors: Copp Brent R.
Published: August 2005

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Combretastatins: From Natural Products to Drug Discovery
Authors: Cirla Alessandra , Mann John
Published: August 2005

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Muscarine, Imidazole, Oxazole, and Thiazole Alkaloids
Authors: Jin Zhong
Published: August 2005

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Amaryllidaceae and Sceletium Alkaloids
Authors: Jin Zhong
Published: August 2005

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Pigments of Fungi (Macromycetes)
Authors: Gill Melvyn
Published: August 2005

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Triterpenoids
Authors: Connolly Joseph D. , Hill Robert A.
Published: August 2005

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Organometallic Chemistry of Titanocene and Zirconocene Complexes with Bis(trimethylsilyl)acetylene as the Basis for Applications in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Rosenthal Uwe , Burlakov Vladimir V.
Published: August 2005

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Bridgehead Phosphorus: A New Tool in Enantioselective Catalysis
Authors: Mathey Francois , Mercier Francois
Published: August 2005

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White Phosphorus and Green Chemistry: Towards an Eco‐efficiency Catalyzed Oxidative Phosphorylation
Authors: Peruzzini Maurizio
Published: August 2005

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Implication of Thione Esters in Synthesis of Sulfur Heterocycles
Authors: Couture Axel , Grandclaudon Pierre
Published: August 2005

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Synthesis of Nitrogen and Sulfur Heterocycles via 5‐Arylimino‐4‐chloro‐5H‐1,2,3‐dithiazoles Arising from the Condensation of Aromatic Amines with Appel Salt
Authors: Thiery Valerie , Besson Thierry
Published: August 2005

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Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines in Macromolecules
Authors: Woehrle Dieter , Schnurpfeil Guenter
Published: August 2005

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Tishchenko Reaction Over Solid Base Catalysts
Authors: Seki Tsunetake , Hattori Hideshi
Published: August 2005

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Biomimetic Oxidations Using Transition Metal Complexes Encapsulated in Zeolites
Authors: Srinivas D. , Sivasanker S.
Published: August 2005

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Domains and Rafts in Lipid Membranes
Authors: Binder Wolfgang H. , Barragan Veronique , Menger Fredric M.
Published: August 2005

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Analytical Chemical Studies on High‐Performance Recognition and Detection of Bio‐Molecules in Life
Authors: Imai Kazuhiro
Published: August 2005

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Cloning and Characterization of Inducible Genes at the Beginning of Adipocyte Differentiation
Authors: Nishizuka Makoto
Published: August 2005

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Design, Synthesis and Affinity Properties of Biologically Active Peptide and Protein Conjugates of Cotton Cellulose
Authors: Edwards J. Vincent , Goheen Steven C.
Published: August 2005

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Cyclophanes: From Planar Chirality and Helicity to Cyclochirality
Authors: Voegtle Fritz , Pawlitzki Gregor
Published: August 2005

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The effect of changes in tumor size on breast carcinoma survival in the U.S.: 1975–1999
Authors: Elkin Elena B. , Hudis Clifford , Begg Colin B. , Schrag Deborah
Published: August 2005

BACKGROUND

Temporal comparisons of case survival are commonly used to assess improvement in cancer treatment at the population level. However, such comparisons may be confounded by secular trends in disease prognosis, even within conventional stage categories. The objective of the current study was to characterize within‐stage migration of tumor size in breast carcinoma, and to estimate the effect of this shift on reported breast carcinoma survival.

METHODS

Population‐based Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) cancer registry data were used to evaluate secular trends in tumor size at the time of diagnosis and relative survival among localized and regional invasive breast carcinoma patients diagnosed between 1975–1999. Outcomes were stage‐specific tumor size distribution, 5‐year relative survival, relative survival standardized to the tumor size distribution of the cohort diagnosed between 1975–1979, and the percentage of improvement in relative survival attributable to shifts in tumor size distribution.

RESULTS

Within each stage category, the proportion of smaller tumors increased significantly over time. Comparing patients diagnosed between 1995–1999 with those diagnosed between 1975–1979, within‐stage migration of tumor size accounted for 61% and 28%, respectively, of the relative survival increases noted in localized and regional breast carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONS

The tumor size distribution of incident breast carcinomas in SEER has shifted toward smaller tumors. A substantial fraction of the improvement in breast carcinoma survival noted since 1975 may be attributable to within‐stage migration of tumor size. Cancer 2005. © 2005 American Cancer Society.