bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vivo human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell tracking after intra-articular delivery in a rat osteoarthritis model
Authors: Li Meng , Luo Xuan , Lv Xiaoteng , Liu Victor , Zhao Guangyu , Zhang Xue , Cao Wei , Wang Richard , Wang Wen
Published: November 2016

Background

Human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (haMSCs) have shown efficacy in treating osteoarthritis (OA) both preclinically and clinically via intra-articular (IA) injection. However, understanding the mode of action of the cell therapy has been limited by cell tracking capability and correlation between the pharmacokinetics of the injected cells and the intended pharmacodynamics effect. This study aims to explore methodology and to understand in vivo biodistribution of clinical-grade haMSCs labeled with fluorescent dye and injected into an immunocompetent OA rat model.

Methods

haMSCs labeled with fluorescent dye were investigated for their proliferation and differentiation capabilities. Labeled cells were used to establish detection threshold of a noninvasive biofluorescent imaging system before the cells (2.5 × 106) were injected into a conventional rat OA model induced by medial meniscectomy for 8 weeks. We attempted to reveal the existence of labeled cells in vivo by imaging and a molecular biomarker approach, and to correlate with the in vivo efficacy and physical presence over a follow-up period up to 10 weeks.

Results

In vitro proliferation and differentiation of haMSCs were not affected by the labeling of DiD dye. Detection thresholds of the labeled cells in vitro and in vivo were determined to be 104 and 105 cells, respectively. When 2.5 × 106 haMSCs were injected into the joints of a rat OA model, fluorescent signals (or >105 cells) lasted for about 10 weeks in the surgical knee joint at the same time as efficacy was observed. Signals in nonsurgical rats only lasted for 4 weeks. The human MSCs were shown to engraft to the rat joint tissues and were proliferative. Human FOXP2 gene was only detected in the knee joint tissue, suggesting limited biodistribution locally to the joints.

Conclusions

The current study represents the first attempt to correlate cell therapy efficacy on OA with the physical presence of the injected haMSCs in the OA model, and demonstrates that human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells persisted for 10 weeks locally in the rat joint, coinciding with the efficacy observed. It is postulated that persistence and/or proliferation of the haMSCs in the joint is required in order to exert their functions on promoting joint regeneration and/or cartilage protection, further supporting the safety and feasibility of IA injection of MSCs for the treatment of OA patients.
Comparison of Supraclavicular and Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block: A Systemic Review of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Park Sun-Kyung , Lee Su-Young , Kim Won Ho , Park Han-Seul , Lim Young-Jin , Bahk Jae-Hyon
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND:

Supraclavicular (SC) and infraclavicular (IC) brachial plexus block (BPB) are commonly used for upper extremity surgery. Recent clinical studies have compared the effect of SC- and IC-BPB, but there have been controversies over spread of sensory blockade in each of the 4 peripheral nerve branches of brachial plexus.

METHODS:

This study included a systemic review, using the Medline and EMBASE database from their inceptions through March 2016. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SC- and IC-BPB were included. The prespecified primary outcome was the incidences of incomplete sensory blockade in each of the 4 terminal nerve branches of brachial plexus. Secondary outcome included the incidence of successful blockade, performance time, onset of sensory block, duration of analgesia, and complication rates.

RESULTS:

Ten RCTs involving 676 patients were included. Pooled analyses showed the incidence of incomplete block at 30 minutes in radial nerve territory was significantly higher in IC-BPB, favoring SC-BPB (risk ratio 0.39; 95% confidence interval [0.17–0.88], P = .02, I
2 = 0%). However, subgroup analysis according to the number of injections of IC-BPB showed that double or triple injections IC-BPB yielded no difference in the incomplete radial block. Furthermore, the incidence of incomplete ulnar block at 30 minutes was significantly lower in IC-BPB when using double or triple injection IC-BPB. There was no difference in the secondary outcomes between SC- and IC-BPB groups, with the exception of complication rates. The incidence of paresthesia/pain on local anesthetic injection, phrenic nerve palsy, and Horner syndrome was significantly higher in the SC group, favoring IC-BPB.

CONCLUSIONS:

This meta-analysis demonstrated that IC-BPB showed a significantly high incidence of incomplete radial nerve sensory block at 30 minutes, which may be avoided by double or triple injection. Furthermore, IC-BPB with multiple injection technique showed significantly lower incidence of incomplete ulnar block than SC-BPB. There were no differences in the incidence of successful blockade, block onset, and duration of analgesia between SC- and IC-BPB. Procedure-related paresthesia/pain and adjacent nerve-related complications were more frequent in SC-BPB. However, because of the small sample size, publication bias remains a concern when interpreting our results. Further studies with sufficient sample size and reporting large number of outcomes are required.
The specificity of extensive and restrictive interpretations of the law
Authors: Тихонравов Евгений , Tikhonravov Evgeniy
Published: November 2016

Some scholars maintain that all legal rules are subject to extensive and restrictive interpretation. Others argue that certain kinds of legal norms cannot be construed in this way. The author attempts to resolve this contradiction. The findings suggest a rule for determining when extensive or restrictive interpretation of a particular legal rule is acceptable.
CUSTOMER INTELLECTUAL EQUITY IN SERVICES IMPROVEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Дьяченко Александр , Dyachenko Aleksandr
Published: November 2016

The article presents results of the theoretical research of the customer equity. In accordance with them the corresponding concept is synthesized. The customer capital is identified as a system of stable and mutually beneficial relations of economic agents, buyers, consumers and staff of the enterprise. Such relations form the structure of the effective cooperation, which con- tributes to gaining by companies additional values. It is provides the customers’ repeated requests and attracting new ones, as well as increases competitive advantage and companies’ capitalization. We revealed the necessity of finding new forms of the customer equity, containing the elements of art, which will contribute to proposal of services, about which the consumers dream. The author based on the research result formulates the concept of use value of art, which induces to crave their presence again and again. An indicator of the art element use value is the value of the additional profits obtained due to the talented artistic expression. The customer equity is expedient to improve, focusing on the implementation of the popular theatrical services, ensuring their effective promotion using aggressive methods of direct marketing and personal sellings. Differentiation of the client capital services art use value should be made taking into account the interests, tastes, preferences of target customers, and their valuable relation to a particular style of art. Product differentiation by the elements of art inspires people´s lives. Talent, kindness, spirituality of senses, thoughts, and actions of the artist should be directed to the use of beauty flashes happening in the life for its meaningful creative heyday in the industrial production.

The work was supported by the Russian Foundation for Humanities Grant №16-12-34504.
THE CLUSTER APPROACH AND TERRITORIAL RECREATION SYSTEMS
Authors: Нифантова Анастасия , Nifantova Anastasiya , Андреянова Светлана , Andreyanova Svetlana , Андреянов Дмитрий , Andreyanov Dmitriy
Published: November 2016

The article draws a parallel between the concepts of “tourism cluster “and “territorial recreational system” (TRS) and notes the importance of the information sector in modern society and its influence on the development of TRS. Special attention is paid to sustainable development of the territory against the preservation of traditional landscapes. The authors investigate TRS of wine tourism, based on the wine production and tasting-cognitive ac- tivity in terms of Stavropol wineries (Budennovsk-Levokumskij and Kavminvodsky). Using the example of St. Michael-Athos monastery in settlement Pobeda of the Republic of Adygea, the authors research TRS of religious tourism developing on the basis of natural and cultural heritage and anthropogenic resources. By the example of Uchkulanskaya district of the Republic of Karachay-Cherkessia the article analyzes sports tourism as a combination of four components - health-related, cultural-cognitive, competitive, spiritual and sacred, and also TRS, formed as a result of interaction of these elements. This study has revealed that the cluster approach combined with the idea of conservation of natural territorial complexes allows to make tourism a multifaceted in a particular area, even if there is one form of tourism within the specific TRS, amidst the natural aesthetics of the surrounding landscape. Comprehensive approach to development and planning of tourism can contribute to the territory sustainable development as a whole.
HUMAN RESOURCES IN RURAL (AGRICULTURAL) TOURISM AS AN PROMISING DIRECTION OF VOLGOGRAD STATE AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITY
Authors: Кривцов Иван , Krivtsov Ivan , Бараташвили Эльмира , Baratashvili Elmira
Published: November 2016

The article deals with human resources in the field of agricultural (rural) tourism of the Russian Federation as a whole and in Volgograd region in particular, as one of the most important development factors of this direction of import substitution in the economy of rural areas and the national tourism and hospitality industry. The most pressing problems of personnel potential training process of the Russian agritourism business is identified , namely, its lack of practical orientation, shortage of qualified teachers and practitioners, deficit of regional enterprises that are engaged exclusively in agritourism business and the need therefore for highly qualified personnel. Based on the analysis of the situation in the market of tourist services, the authors reveal the need for an objective study of foreign experience in the rural tourism development, as well as the use of positive results in the process of qualified personnel training in the Russian regions. The article highlights the key role of standards and requirements of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" in the formation of educational programs of higher and second- ary vocational education. It creates together with the GOST R 56641 "Service small funds placement. Rural guest houses. General requirements " adopted in 2015, the conditions for the development of professional standards and qualification requirements for personnel of agritourism objects. The authors prove the necessity of staffing in rural tourism is in agricultural universities, both in programs of higher and additional vocational training. The article presents results of consistent work of Volgograd State Agricultural University to creation of the conditions for the start-up of agricultural (rural) tourism in the region related to the conduction of educational, scientific and practical events. The authors define forward-looking plan for the development of innovative directions in the educational activities of the university, oriented to training of qualified personnel for agritourism.
INDETERMINACY OF LEGAL CONCEPTS IN 1949 LINGUISTIC AND ANALYTICAL CONCEPTION OF H. HART
Authors: Касаткин Сергей , Kasatkin Sergey
Published: November 2016

This article explores the doctrine of indeterminacy (or openness) of legal concepts set out in the early essay by the British philosopher and jurist Herbert Hart The Ascription of Responsibilities and Rights (1949). The main content and specificity of such doctrine of indeterminacy as well as its place in the overall 1949 conception of ascriptivism and defeasibility are unfolded. In this form H. Hart’s early doctrine of indeterminacy is compared with his later views, primarily with the doctrine of «open structure» of legal terms and rules expressed in his 1961 treatise The Concept of Law. In the article one draws a conclusion about a continuity of Hart’s early and classical views on legal language and methodology of its explanation, and points to their common philosophical basis as well as to a greater universality and jurisprudential orientation of 1961 indeterminacy doctrine 1961 centure.
Clinician and client views of utilising early supported discharge services
Authors: Kraut Jacey , Singer Barbara J , Singe Kevin P
Published: November 2016

Background/Aims:

To explore the beliefs and attitudes of potential referrers and referrees regarding the possible utilisation of early supported discharge (ESD) prior to hospital discharge.

Methods:

Semi-standardised one-to-one interviews were conducted with nine consultants and ten dyads, comprising inpatients and corresponding treating staff members involved in referral of these patients to ESD. Content analysis was completed to identify key themes and to group the data into categories.

Results:

Rehabilitation consultants reported safety and the ability to manage at home were the primary considerations in ESD referral decision making. Most patients were extremely likely to agree to referral to ESD. Four main categories were identified in the responses from the patient/staff dyads, which were summarised as: positive and negative aspects of ESD, and barriers and enablers to early discharge. Patients were only willing to return home with ESD once they were ambulant in some capacity. Staff identified considerably more potential disadvantages, and fewer benefits than patients with regard to early discharge. However, there was no indication that staff beliefs had a negative influence on patient views regarding their participation in ESD.

Conclusions:

Patients and staff generally approved of ESD services; however, staff may need to place greater consideration on advantages, such as the potential emotional and mental benefits that some patients associate with returning home sooner with ESD.
The effect of aerobic exercise on dual-task gait in individuals with Parkinson's disease
Authors: Swank Chad , Medley Ann , Thompson Mary , Trudelle-Jackson Elaine , Barisa Mark
Published: November 2016

Background/Aims:

Dual tasking exacerbates gait deficits in people with Parkinson's disease. This pilot study aimed to examine the effect of aerobic exercise on dual-task gait in individuals with Parkinson's disease and begin to identify the impact of volitional pedal rate.

Methods:

Twenty people with Parkinson's disease were recruited and tested at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up for motor (Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale) and cognitive function (Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status) and dual-task gait (Time Up and Go) conditions (manual and cognitive). A 12-week aerobic exercise intervention of cycle ergometry was carried out three times a week for 60 minutes each session. To assess our intervention, separate repeated measures of analysis of variance were conducted. As determined a priori, to assess the impact of volitional pedal rate, participants were divided after the intervention into a high-pedal rate group (>60 rpm) and a low-pedal rate group (≤60 rpm) based upon average maximal pedal rate throughout the intervention and analysed with the Mann Whitney U test and Related Samples Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test.

Findings:

Overall, motor function (P=0.580), cognitive function (P=0.077), and motor-cognitive interplay (P=0.168) did not improve after aerobic exercise. However, pedal rate groups were different for TUGmanual and TUGcognitive, but not on motor or cognitive function. Only low-pedal rate group improved over time (P=0.028 on TUGmanual) and demonstrated reduced dual task cost after the aerobic exercise (>Minimal Detectible Change of 18.1%).

Conclusions:

Though the low-pedal rate group experienced greater motor-cognitive interference, persons who pedalled at the slower rate demonstrated the most improvement in dual-task activities.
Plasma rich in growth factors promotes dermal fibroblast proliferation, migration and biosynthetic activity
Authors: Anitua E. , Pino A. , Orive G.
Published: November 2016

Objective:

The use of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) has gained importance in many medical fields due to its regenerative potential. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of PRGF on primary skin fibroblasts assessing cell proliferation, migration and secretion of growth factors. The age of the patients from who PRGF was prepared was also studied to determine whether it influenced the outcomes.

Method:

Human dermal fibroblasts were isolated from three healthy volunteers. Using PRGF-Endoret technology, PRGF was prepared from two groups of different ages (18–35 years and 50+ years). The effects of increasing concentration of PRGF (5%, 10% and 20%) on cell proliferation and migration was evaluated. Biosynthetic behaviour of cells was also analysed measuring vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), transforming growth factor b1 (TGFb1) and pro-collagen type I secreted levels with or without PRGF treatment.

Results:

Mean platelet enrichment reached 2.4X and 2X in 18–35 and 50+ groups respectively. A dose-dependent response was observed in proliferation assays achieving the highest levels with 20% PRGF. Migration was also promoted in cells but not in a dose-dependent manner. Cell proliferation and migration outcomes obtained with PRGF (from both groups) were significantly higher compared to non-stimulated groups (p<0.05), with no statistical significances were observed between the different age groups. Production of VEGF, TGFb and procollagen type I was significantly increased by cells treated with PRGF, however, with the exception of VEGF, no statistical significances were observed between the different age groups.

Conclusion:

Results from this study concluded that PRGF is safe and effective in stimulating skin regeneration by enhancing proliferation, migration and expression of pivotal bioactive molecules involved in wound healing and haemostasis.
Regional anaesthesia of the bovine head
Authors: Stewart Kathryn , Alexander Dominic
Published: November 2016

Regional anaesthesia of the head in cattle is not new. Due to the cost of inhaled anaesthetic agents and the risk of aspiration pneumonia, general anaesthesia is rarely undertaken on adult bovines. With the exception of the cornual nerve block for disbudding and dehorning, techniques to desensitise areas of the head are generally not routinely undertaken by clinicians. These blocks can initially appear daunting but this article aims to assist by providing a practical guide on how to undertake the blocks and the pre and perioperative preparation so as to minimise the stress to both patient and surgeon.
Intracellular Position of Centrioles and the Direction of Homeostatic Epithelial Cell Movements in the Mouse Cornea
Authors: Silverman Erika , Zhao Jin , Merriam John C. , Nagasaki Takayuki
Published: November 2016

Corneal epithelial cells exhibit continuous centripetal movements at a rate of about 30 µm per day, but neither the driving force nor the mechanism that determines the direction of movements is known. To facilitate the investigation of homeostatic cell movement, we examined if the intracellular position of a centriole can be used as a directional marker of epithelial cell movements in the mouse cornea. A direction of cell movements was estimated in fixed specimens from a pattern of underlying subepithelial nerve fibers. Intracellular position of centrioles was determined by gamma-tubulin immunohistology and plotted in a narrow strip along the entire diameter of a cornea from limbus to limbus. When we determined the position of centrioles in the peripheral cornea where cell movements proceed generally along a radial path, about 55% of basal epithelial cells contained a centriole in the front half of a cell. However, in the central cornea where cells exhibit a spiral pattern of movements, centrioles were distributed randomly. These results suggest that centrioles tend to be positioned toward the direction of movement in corneal basal epithelial cells when they are moving centripetally at a steady rate.
Unraveling the Molecular Complexity of O-Glycosylated Endogenous (N-Terminal) pro–B-Type Natriuretic Peptide Forms in Blood Plasma of Patients with Severe Heart Failure
Authors: Halfinger Bernhard , Hammerer-Lercher Angelika , Amplatz Benno , Sarg Bettina , Kremser Leopold , Lindner Herbert H
Published: November 2016

BACKGROUND

Currently, N-terminal pro–B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and its physiologically active counterpart, BNP, are most frequently used as biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis, and disease monitoring of heart failure (HF). Commercial NT-proBNP and BNP immunoassays cross-react to varying degrees with unprocessed proBNP, which is also found in the circulation. ProBNP processing and immunoassay response are related to O-linked glycosylation of NT-proBNP and proBNP. There is a clear and urgent need to identify the glycosylation sites in the endogenously circulating peptides requested by the community to gain further insights into the different naturally occurring forms.

METHODS

The glycosylation sites of (NT-) proBNP (NT-proBNP and/or proBNP) were characterized in leftovers of heparinized plasma samples of severe HF patients (NT-proBNP: >10000 ng/L) by using tandem immunoaffinity purification, sequential exoglycosidase treatment for glycan trimming, β-elimination and Michael addition chemistry, as well as high-resolution nano-flow liquid chromatography electrospray multistage mass spectrometry.

RESULTS

We describe 9 distinct glycosylation sites on circulating (NT-) proBNP in HF patients. Differentially glycosylated variants were detected based on highly accurate mass determination and multistage mass spectrometry. Remarkably, for each of the identified proteolytic glycopeptides, a nonglycosylated form also was detectable.

CONCLUSIONS

Our results directly demonstrate for the first time a rather complex distribution of the endogenously circulating glycoforms by mass spectrometric analysis in HF patients, and show 9 glycosites in human (NT-) proBNP. This information may also have an impact on commercial immunoassays applying antibodies specific for the central region of (NT-) proBNP, which detect mostly nonglycosylated forms.
Validasi Sistem Skoring Rondinelli untuk Mendeteksi Komplikasi Infeksi Berat pada Pasien Leukemia Limfoblastik Akut L1 dengan Demam Neutropenia Selama Kemoterapi Fase Induksi
Authors: Hidayat Renno , Gatot Djajadiman , Djer Mulyadi M
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Anak dengan keganasan yang mendapatkan pengobatan kemoterapi sering mengalami episode demam neutropenia. Kondisi ini akan meningkatkan risiko infeksi yang berat akibat penurunan fungsi utama neutrofil sebagai pertahanan terhadap mikroorganisme asing. Rondinelli dkk telah mengusulkan suatu sistem skoring untuk memprediksikan terjadinya komplikasi infeksi berat pada pasien keganasan dengan demam neutropenia selama pemberian kemoterapi sehingga diperoleh tata laksana yang sesuai.Tujuan. Mengetahui apakah sistem skoring Rondinelli dapat membantu mendeteksi risiko terjadinya komplikasi infeksi berat dengan LLA-L1 yang mengalami demam neutropenia selama pemberian kemoterapi fase induksi.Metode. Penelitian uji diagnostik metode potong lintang retrospektif dengan membandingkan sistem skoring Rondinelli terhadap baku emas terjadinya komplikasi infeksi berat berupa kondisi septikemia disertai terdapatnya bakteremia pada kultur darah. Sampel diambil dari data sekunder berupa rekam medis pasien LLA-L1 yang menjalani rawat inap di bangsal Departemen IKA FKUI/RSCM mulai bulan Januari 2010 hingga bulan Agustus 2012. Subyek penelitian adalah pasien anak berusia 0 hingga 18 tahun dengan Leukemia limfoblastik akut L1 (LLA-L1) yang mengalami episode demam neutropenia yang pertama kali selama pemberian kemoterapi fase induksi.Hasil. Penelitian dilakukan pada 30 subyek yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Insiden komplikasi infeksi berat saat episode demam neutropenia yang pertama kali pada pasien LLA-L1 selama pemberian kemoterapi fase induksi 30%. Sensitivitas, spesifisitas, nilai duga positif, nilai duga negatif, rasio kemungkinan positif, dan rasio kemungkinan negatif skoring Rondinelli berturut-turut adalah 66,7%; 90,5%; 75%; 86,3%; 6,94; dan 0,36. Area di bawah kurva ROC pada penelitian ini 0,759.Kesimpulan. Sistem skoring Rondinelli merupakan instrumen yang cukup baik untuk mendeteksi komplikasi infeksi berat pada anak dengan LLA-L1 yang mengalami demam neutropenia selama pemberian kemoterapi fase induksi.
Korelasi Derajat Obesitas dengan Prestasi Belajar Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hartini Kadek , Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih , Nurani Neti
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Kejadian obesitas saat ini meningkat di seluruh dunia. Semakin berat derajat obesitas, komorbid yang dialami oleh anak obesitas juga semakin banyak. Obesitas menimbulkan stigma pada masyarakat, bahwa anak obesitas adalah anak yang malas, jelek dan bodoh. Hubungan yang jelas antara obesitas dengan prestasi belajar anak di sekolah belum dapat dibuktikan.Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan derajat obesitas pada siswa sekolah dasar (SD) dengan prestasi belajar di sekolah.Metode. Potong lintang analitik dan pemilihan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan acak bertingkat. Penelitian dilakukan pada siswa sekolah dasar yang berusia 6-13 tahun di Denpasar, dari Januari 2011 sampai dengan Juni 2011.Hasil. Penelitian dilakukan pada 1305 siswa SD yang disurvei, didapatkan 211 (16,1%) anak menderita obesitas. Didapatkan 60% berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan rentangan umur 7 sampai 12 tahun dan rentangan IQ 81 sampai dengan 119. Analisis regresi linier menunjukkan bahwa penurunan nilai rerata bahasa Indonesia 23% dan penurunan nilai rerata matematika 15% berhubungan dengan peningkatan persentase derajat obesitas.Kesimpulan. Derajat obesitas berhubungan dengan prestasi belajar siswa sekolah dasar. Derajat obesitas ditemukan berhubungan lebih kuat dengan penurunan nilai rerata bahasa Indonesia dibandingkan dengan matematika.
Perbedaan Kadar Malondialdehid Serum antara Anak dengan Penyakit Jantung Bawaan Sianotik dan Nonsianotik
Authors: Winiar Wiwin , Rahayuningsih Sri Endah , Prawira Cissy Sudjana
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan global. Reperfusi, iskemia, dan hipoksemia kronik yang terjadi pada PJB memicu terjadi stres oksidatif. Malondialdehid telah lama digunakan sebagai penanda stres oksidatif.Tujuan. Melihat perbedaan kadar malondialdehid serum antara anak yang menderita PJB sianotik dan nonsianotik.Metode. Penelitian analitik komparatif potong lintang dilakukan pada Juni–Desember 2012 di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung terhadap 20 penderita PJB sianotik dan 20 nonsianotik berusia 1 bulan−18 tahun. Kadar malondialdehid serum diperiksa dengan metode enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Perbedaan kadar malondialdehid serum antara kedua kelompok dianalisis dengan uji t tidak berpasangan dan perbedaan bermakna apabila p<0,05.Hasil. Malondialdehid serum rerata pada kelompok sianotik dan nonsianotik berturut-turut 3,545 pmol/mg (interval kepercayaan (IK95%: 3,238−3,853) dan 3,875 pmol/mg (IK95%: 3,620−4,131); p=0,046. Perbedaan kadar malondialdehid serum tetap bermakna setelah disesuaikan dengan anemia (p=0,023), sedangkan setelah disesuaikan dengan saturasi oksigen dan hipertensi pulmonal menjadi tidak bermakna.Kesimpulan. Kadar malondialdehid serum penderita PJB sianotik lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan nonsianotik. Anemia dan hipoksemia meningkatkan kadar malondialdehid serum.
Uji Kesahihan dan Keandalan Kuesioner Childhood Asthma Control Test versi Indonesia pada Anak Usia 4-11 Tahun
Authors: Utami Cynthia , Said Mardjanis , Kaswandani Nastiti , Widodo Dwi Putro
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Childhood Asthma Control Test (CACT) merupakan kuesioner penilaian terkendalinya asma pada anak yang cepat dan mudah digunakan. Di Indonesia, penggunaan CACT masih terbatas karena kendala bahasa dan budaya. Sampai saat ini, belum ada kuesioner CACT versi Indonesia (terjemahan CACT ke dalam bahasa Indonesia) yang terbukti sahih dan andal.Tujuan. Mengetahui kesahihan (validity) dan keandalan (reliability) kuesioner CACT versi Indonesia.Metode. Menerjemahkan tujuh pertanyaaan kuesioner CACT menjadi kuesioner CACT versi Indonesia. Studi potong lintang dilakukan terhadap 66 subjek usia 4-11 tahun yang dipilih secara konsekutif. Semua subjek menjalani uji fungsi paru dan pemeriksaan peak expiratory flow berkala. Analisis statistik menggunakan uji Cronbach’s α dan uji korelasi Pearson/ Spearman.Hasil. Rerata usia subjek penelitian 7,89 tahun (5,25 -11,83) tahun dengan proporsi jenis kelamin laki-laki lebih tinggi dibandingkan perempuan. Sebagian besar subjek penelitian yaitu 60,4% memiliki status asma tidak terkendali (nilai kuesioner CACT ≤19). Kuesioner CACT versi Indonesia mempunyai keandalan (Cronbach’s α 0,762) dan kesahihan konstruksi (r= 0,384-0,545) yang baik. Tidak terdapat korelasi bermakna antara kuesioner CACT versi Indonesia dengan nilai FEV1 (r=-0,024; p=0,846) dan nilai variabilitas mingguan PEF (r=-0,218; p=0,079).Kesimpulan. Kuesioner CACT versi Indonesia mempunyai kesahihan dan keandalan yang baik untuk menilai terkendalinya asma. Kuesioner ini tidak mempunyai korelasi dengan uji fungsi paru sehingga CACT tidak dapat menggantikan peran uji fungsi paru sebagai salah satu komponen penilaian terkendalinya asma.
Profil Klinis dan Terapeutik Anak Hiperplasia Adrenal Kongenital Terkait Gizi Lebih dan Obesitas
Authors: Susanti Ivena , Batubara Jose RL , Advani Najib
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Obesitas pada anak hiperplasia adrenal kongenital (HAK) dapat terjadi akibat penyakit dan terapi glukokortikoid. Di Indonesia, belum diketahui prevalensi gizi lebih dan obesitas pada anak HAK serta faktor-faktor yang berhubungan.Tujuan. Mengetahui prevalensi gizi lebih dan obesitas anak HAK dan faktor yang berhubungan (faktor penyakit, faktor terapi, dan faktor umum).Metode. Uji potong lintang pada anak HAK yang berobat di RSCM dan RS lain di Jabodetabek selama Maret-Juni 2013. Pencatatan data klinis, analisis diet, dan pemeriksaan kadar 17-hidroksiprogesteron (17-OHP) dilakukan pada setiap subjek.Hasil. Empatpuluh sembilan subjek-38 perempuan dan 11 laki-laki, rentang usia 0,4-18,3 tahun-memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi. Subjek tipe salt wasting (SW) 79,6% dengan median usia awal terapi 2,5 tahun lebih muda dibandingkan kelompok non-SW. Rerata dosis hidrokortison 17,2 (SB 6,4) mg/m2/hari dan median durasi terapi 5,7 (rentang 0,1-18,3) tahun. Sebagian besar subjek memiliki kontrol metabolik undertreatment (36/49) dengan median kadar 17-OHP 19 (rentang 0,2-876) nmol/L. Terdapat 19 subjek sudah pubertas, 6 di antaranya mengalami pubertas prekoks. Ditemukan prevalensi gizi lebih dan obesitas 5,3% pada kelompok usia balita dan 66,7% usia lebih dari 5 tahun. Subjek memiliki asupan gizi lebih dari 62,5%. Subjek dengan usia lebih dari 5 tahun, sudah pubertas, atau mengalami pubertas prekoks lebih berisiko mengalami gizi lebih dan obesitas. Durasi terapi glukokortikoid berkorelasi sedang (r=0,668; p=0,000) dengan indeks massa tubuh (IMT), sedangkan dosis terapi tidak menunjukkan korelasi dengan IMT.Kesimpulan. Prevalensi gizi lebih dan obesitas pada anak HAK adalah 42,9%. Subjek dengan usia lebih dari 5 tahun, sudah pubertas, atau mengalami pubertas prekoks lebih berisiko mengalami gizi lebih dan obesitas. Terdapat korelasi sedang antara durasi terapi glukokortikoid dengan IMT
Pengaruh Suplementasi Seng Terhadap Kejadian Pneumonia pada Penyakit Jantung Bawaan Pirau Kiri ke Kanan
Authors: Suryati Elvi , Priyatno Agus , Wijayahadi Noor
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Anak dengan penyakit jantung bawaan (PJB) pirau kiri ke kanan lebih mudah menderitapneumonia. Seng merupakan trace element yang berperan dalam sistem imunitas tubuh.Tujuan. Membuktikan pengaruh suplementasi seng dalam mencegah kejadian pneumonia pada anak PJBpirau kiri ke kanan.Metode. Dilakukan double blind randomized controlled trial pada anak PJB pirau kiri ke kanan usia 12–60bulan di Poliklinik Kardiologi Anak RS dr Kariadi. Subjek penelitian dibagi 2 kelompok yang mendapatsuplementasi seng 20 mg/hari dan plasebo, pemberian selama 2 minggu, selanjutnya dipantau selama 3bulan. Data kejadian pneumonia dikumpulkan melalui wawancara saat kontrol atau melalui telepon setiap2 minggu selama 3 bulan. Pemeriksaan antropometri dan laboratorium dilakukan sebelum dan sesudahsuplementasi. Analisis statistik dilakukan dengan uji chi-square dan Mann-Whitney.Hasil. Subjek 40 anak dengan PJB pirau kiri ke kanan didapatkan kejadian pneumonia pada kelompok seng(5%) lebih rendah dibanding plasebo (30%), perbedaan ini tidak berbeda bermakna. Episode pneumonialebih rendah pada kelompok seng 1 kali dibandingkan plasebo 1-2 kali selama 3 bulan pengamatan, tidakberbeda bermakna. Terdapat peningkatan kadar seng secara bermakna pada kelompok perlakuan dari median57,55 menjadi 72,42 mcg/dL dibandingkan plasebo 42,40 menjadi 52,85 mcg/dL (p=0,002). Terdapatperbedaan bermakna selisih peningkatan kadar seng pada kelompok seng 20 mcg/dL dibanding plasebo7,25 mcg/dL (p=0,004). Didapatkan manfaat suplementasi seng terhadap pencegahan pneumonia denganrelative risk reduction (RRR) 83%.Kesimpulan. Suplementasi seng menurunkan kejadian pneumonia pada anak PJB pirau kiri ke kanan.
Retinol Binding Protein dan Luaran Pascabedah
Authors: Martuti Sri , Pudjiadi Antonius , Latief Abdul , Istanti Yusrina , Pudjiastuti Pudjiastuti , Supriatna Moh.
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Malnutrisi sering ditemukan pada pascabedah dan berhubungan dengan luaran yang tidakbaik, seperti sepsis atau infeksi luka operasi. Retinol binding protein (RBP) merupakan parameter biokimiayang cukup reliabel untuk menilai malnutrisi.Tujuan. Mengetahui pengaruh malnutrisi berdasarkan penurunan RBP terhadap luaran pasienpascabedahMetode. Penelitian observasional analitik dilakukan di ICU Anak tiga rumah sakit yakni RS CiptoMangunkusumo, RSUP Dr. Kariadi, dan RSUD Dr. Moewardi. Dilakukan pengukuran RBP, kortisol,CRP pada hari pertama dan kelima pascabedah. Luaran infeksi dinilai berdasarkan skor ASEPSIS. Analisisbivariat dilakukan terhadap beberapa faktor risiko dengan kejadian infeksi luka operasi dan sepsis. Analisisdata menggunakan program SPSS versi 17.00.Hasil. Selama kurun waktu 6 bulan, 39 subjek memenuhi kriteria inklusi, tetapi 4 tidak melanjutkanpenelitian. Penurunan kadar RBP hari kelima pascabedah 34,3% kasus. Penurunan RBP, CRP, usia <1tahun, dan skor ASA 􀁴3 berisiko mendapatkan infeksi luka operasi berturut-turut 4,4; 3,3;1,2; dan 1,3 kalidengan nilai p>0,05 dan 95% IK masing-masing (0,35-54,4; 0,3 – 40,8;0,1-15,8; dan 0,97-1,6). Faktorlain-status nutrisi prabedah, lama pembedahan, kategori luka operasi dan kortisol-juga didapatkan hasilyang tidak signifikan. Penelitian ini tidak mendapatkan luaran sepsis.Kesimpulan. Terdapat risiko terjadi infeksi luka operasi 4,4 kali apabila kadar RBP menurun, 3,3 kaliapabila CRP meningkat, 1,2 kali apabila usia <1 tahun, dan 1,3 kali apabila skor ASA 􀁴3, tetapi secarastatistik tidak ada perbedaan bermakna.
Defisiensi Zinc Sebagai Salah Satu Faktor Risiko Diare Akut Menjadi Diare Melanjut
Authors: Marlia Dede Lia , Dwipoerwantoro Pramita G. , Advani Najib
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Diare masih merupakan penyebab morbiditas dan mortalitas yang cukup tinggi pada anak,dan efeknya akan meningkat pada diare melanjut. Ekskresi yang meningkat dan malnutrisi menimbulkandefisiensi makro dan mikronutrien, defisiensi zinc merupakan salah satu penyebabnya.Tujuan. Mengetahui apakah defisiensi zinc merupakan faktor risiko diare akut menjadi diare melanjut.Metode. Penelitian uji potong lintang dilakukan di RSCM dan tiga rumah sakit umum daerah pada anakusia >1–60 bulan yang mengalami diare akut kurang dari 7 hari. Dilakukan anamnesis, pemeriksaan fisik,dan pemeriksaan kadar zinc serum.Hasil. Analisis dilakukan pada 99 subjek. Usia terbanyak 12-36 bulan, perbandingan laki-laki perempuan1,3:1. Prevalensi defisiensi zinc adalah 20,2%. Insiden diare melanjut 25,3%. Tidak terdapat hubunganantara defisiensi zinc dengan usia, status nutrisi, riwayat diare berulang, pendidikan ibu, dan pendapatanorangtua. Defisiensi zinc bukan merupakan faktor risiko diare akut menjadi diare melanjut RR 1,82 (IK95%0,633-5,260; p=0,261). Riwayat diare berulang merupakan faktor risiko diare akut menjadi diare melanjutRR 3,4 kali (IK95% 1,3-9,5; p=0,013).Kesimpulan. Defisiensi zinc bukan merupakan faktor risiko diare akut menjadi diare melanjut. Riwayat diareberulang berisiko untuk terjadinya diare akut menjadi diare melanjut
Jumlah CD4+IL-5+, CD8+IL-5+, dan Perbaikan Kualitas Hidup Setelah Pemberian Prebiotik dan Nigella Sativa pada Anak Asma dengan Imunoterapi Fase Rumatan
Authors: Nucifera Camellia , Olivianto Ery , Barlianto Wisnu , K HMS Chandra
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Interleukin-5 (IL-5) merupakan sitokin penting dalam fungsi eosinofil primer, dihasilkanoleh sel T CD4+ dan sel T CD8+. Nigella sativa memiliki aktivitas anti alergi, anti asma, anti inflamasi, antiprostaglandin, dan anti histamin, sedangkan probiotik dapat memodulasi sistem imun ke arah Th1.Tujuan. Menilai dampak Nigella sativa dan/probiotik terhadap jumlah CD4+ IL-5 dan CD8+IL-5 sertaperbaikan kualitas hidup pasien asma yang menjalani imunoterapi house dust mite (HDM) fase rumatan.Metode. Desain penelitian adalah uji klinis randomisasi. Subjek adalah pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusidan menandatangani informed consent. Subjek dibagi 4 kelompok. Kelompok A mendapat imunoterapi spesifikHDM dan plasebo, kelompok B imunoterapi spesifik HDM dan Nigella sativa, kelompok C imunoterapispesifik HDM dan probiotik, kelompok D imunoterapi spesifik HDM, probiotik dan Nigella sativa. Setelah56 minggu diperiksa jumlah CD4+IL-5+, CD8+IL-5+ serta kualitas hidup mempergunakan skor Peds QL.Hasil. Tidak menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna jumlah CD4+ IL-5 dan CD8+IL-5 antar kelompok perlakuannamun didapatkan perbedaan bermakna skor Peds QL.Kesimpulan. Imunoterapi HDM beserta ajuvan probiotik dan atau Nigella sativa meningkatkan kualitashidup pasien asma pada anak.
Faktor Risiko Non-genetik Inhibitor Faktor VIII pada Pasien Hemofilia A
Authors: Saifudin Ahmad , Achmad Harry Raspati , Reniarti Lelani
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Terbentuknya inhibitor atau antibodi terhadap FVIII pada pasien hemofilia A menyebabkan FVIII eksogen yangdiberikan tidak dapat berfungsi. Penyebab bersifat multifaktorial terdiri atas faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Beberapa penelitian telahdilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor risiko terbentuknya inhibitor, akan tetapi masih terdapat pendapat yang kontroversial.Tujuan. Menentukan faktor risiko non-genetik inhibitor faktor VIII pada pasien hemofilia A.Metode. Penelitian desain potong lintang pada pasien hemofilia A yang terdaftar pada Himpunan Masyarakat Hemofilia JawaBarat dari bulan Desember 2012–Juni 2013. Analisis bivariat dilakukan dengan uji chi-kuadrat dan uji t.Hasil. Terdapat 85 pasien hemofilia A yang mendapat terapi koate®. Prevalensi inhibitor 81,13% (69/85), usia inhibitor positif9,96 (6,49) tahun dan inhibitor negatif 8,69 (3,87) tahun. Hubungan faktor risiko usia pertama kali mendapat terapi, jenishemofilia A, riwayat operasi, dan frekuensi terapi dengan inhibitor faktor VIII pada pasien hemofilia A berturut-turut adalahp=0,512; p=0,202; p=0,663; p=0,276.Kesimpulan. Faktor risiko non-genetik tidak berhubungan dengan inhibitor faktor VIII pada pasien hemofilia A.
Hubungan Kebiasaan Sarapan dengan Prestasi Belajar dan Fungsi Kognitif pada Anak Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Khalida Elda , Fadlyana Eddy , Somasetia Dadang Hudaya
Published: November 2016

Latar belakang. Kebiasaan sarapan memiliki dampak positif dengan menyediakan kadar glukosa darah optimal untuk proses belajardi sekolah. Kadar glukosa darah optimal dapat mendukung prestasi belajar dan fungsi kognitif.Tujuan. Menganalisis hubungan sarapan dengan prestasi belajar dan fungsi kognitif pada anak sekolah dasar.Metode. Penelitian desain potong lintang dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2013 hingga Maret 2014 terhadap 164 subjek siswa kelas 5dan 6 sekolah dasar di Bandung. Prestasi belajar pada penelitian ini dinilai dengan melihat nilai matematika dan bahasa Indonesia. Fungsikognitif dinilai dengan melakukan tes Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). Analisis statistik korelasi dilakukan dengan menggunakanuji Chi-square Pearson dan Exact Fisher. Untuk menganalisis faktor perancu yang lebih dari satu digunakan regresi logistik.Hasil. Terdapat 164 anak yang memenuhi kriteria penelitian, 28,7% memiliki kebiasaan sarapan dan 71,3% tidak sarapan. Darihasil analisis didapatkan hubungan yang bermakna antara sarapan dengan prestasi belajar matematika (p=0,015), sarapan denganprestasi belajar bahasa Indonesia (p=0,032), tetapi didapatkan hubungan yang tidak bermakna antara sarapan dengan fungsi kognitif(p=0,300).Kesimpulan. Terdapat hubungan kebiasaan sarapan dengan prestasi belajar pada anak sekolah dasar, namun tidak terdapat hubungandengan fungsi kognitif.
Politikerinnen und ihr Griff zur Macht
Authors: Beck Dorothee
Published: November 2016

In der Optik der Medien sind Frauen als handlungsmächtige Akteurinnen in der Spitzenpolitik angekommen. Weiblich kodierte Eigenschaften werden dabei politisiert und als dem sprichwörtlichen politischen Alphamännchen überlegen inszeniert. Dorothee Becks Analyse von SPD-Spitzenkandidatinnen bei elf Landtagswahlen im Verlauf von 18 Jahren, darunter die skandalisierte Hessen-Wahl mit Andrea Ypsilanti sowie die Ministerpräsidentinnen Hannelore Kraft und Heide Simonis, zeigt: Die Dichotomie der politischen Öffentlichkeit und der Privatsphäre in medialen Inszenierungen verändert sich kontextbezogen zu einem komplementären Verhältnis - die Darstellung hält jedoch allzu oft Geschlechterstereotypen aufrecht und bleibt traditionellen Metaphern verhaftet.
Konstitutive Negativität
Authors: Han Sangwon
Published: November 2016

Das politische Potenzial der negativen Dialektik Adornos wurde bisher erstaunlich selten ausgelotet. Sangwon Han entwirft eine Politik der Negativität, indem er nachweist, dass der Negativitätsbegriff bei Adorno tatsächlich ein Modell für die Politik aufzeigen kann. Adornos negative Dialektik, welche die Tradition des dialektischen Negativitätsdenkens von Hegel und Marx auf kreative Weise weiterführt, lässt sich dabei als theoretischer Rahmen verstehen, mit dem die Politik als Negation begründet und zur verselbstständigten sozialen Macht erweitert ausgedeutet werden kann. Das setzt aber voraus, den Begriff der Negativität Adornos als konstitutive Negativität zu beleuchten.
Zwischen den Heimaten
Authors: Kramer Valentin
Published: November 2016

Auf der Suche nach einer besseren Zukunft wanderten im 19. und frühen 20. Jahrhundert Millionen Deutsche nach Amerika aus. Ein Kennzeichen der auslandsdeutschen Gemeinschaften war ihr vielfältiges Vereinswesen. Valentin Kramer verfolgt die Konstruktion von kollektiven Identitäten in deutschen Einwanderervereinen in Argentinien - namentlich in Schulen und evangelischen Kirchgemeinden - und zeichnet nach, wie die Vereine im Spannungsfeld zwischen staatlicher Identitätspolitik und gesellschaftlichen Aushandlungsprozessen ganz neue Wege fanden, sich mit dem »Erbe der Väter« auseinanderzusetzen. Dabei zeigt sich auch, welche Bedeutung Migrantenorganisationen auf lange Sicht für die Integration von Einwanderern haben.
The important elements of LMS design that affect user engagement with e-learning tools within LMSs in the higher education sector
Authors: Zanjani Nastaran
Published: November 2016

In recent years, universities have been under increased pressure to adopt e-learning practices for teaching and learning. In particular, the emphasis has been on learning management systems (LMSs) and associated collaboration tools to provide opportunities for sharing knowledge, building a community of learners, and supporting higher order learning and critical thinking through conversation and collaboration. Due to the greater level of data continuity, reliability, and privacy that LMSs can provide compared to the available free applications, LMSs are still the central platform for many universities to deliver e-learning. Therefore, it is vital to investigate the LMS structure requisites that affect user engagement. This paper focuses on the important LMS design factors that influence user engagement with e-learning tools within LMSs. Results were extracted from 74 interviews about Blackboard with students and lecturers within a major Australian university. A user-friendly structure, avoidance of too many tools and links, support for privacy and anonymous posting, and more customisable student-centred tools were identified as LMS design factors that affect user engagement.
Utilisation of CFBC Fly Ash in Hardening Slurries for Flood-Protecting Dikes
Authors: Kledyński Z. , Falaciński P. , Machowska A. , Dyczek J. , Kotwica Ł.
Published: November 2016

Strength and permeability properties along with microstructural evolution of hardened slurries composed of fly ash from fluidal bed combustion of brown coal and an addition of OPC/BFSC is assessed in this paper. An increase in the amount of fly ash in slurries influences the development of mechanical strength and a decrease of hydraulic conductivity. SEM, XRD, and porosity analyses confirmed formation of watertight microstructures. The structure of slurries is composed of ettringite, C-S-H phase, AFt, and AFm phases. Ettringite crystallises as relatively short needles forming compact clusters or intermixed with the C-S-H phase. The occurring C-S-H phases are mainly of type I - fibrous and type II - honeycomb.
Effects of a 6-Month Conditioning Program on Motor and Sport Performance in The Group of Children’s Fitness Competitors
Authors: Mlsnová Gabriela
Published: November 2016

The aim of our study was to determine changes in sport and motor performance of competitors in the category of children’s fitness as a result of conditioning training intervention. We conducted a two-group simultaneous experiment. Experimental group (EG) and control group (CG) consisted of 18 girls competing in the 12 to 15 years old age categories. EG performed supervised conditioning program over a period of 25 weeks with training frequency 3 times per week. Based on the results of physical tests, competitive and expert assessments of sport performance in the children’s fitness category we found significant effect of our conditioning program to increase sport and motor performance in the experimental group. Subsequently, these improvements could lead to success in domestic and international competitions where they occupied the leading positions. Significant relationships (EG = 19; CG = 10) were found between competitive and expert assessments as well as physical tests results, between expert and competitive assessments of physiques and routines. These changes manifested positively not only in the competitive assessment of the physique but also in the expert “blind“ assessment in the competitive discipline of the physique presentation in quarter turns where we observed significant improvements in the EG. Based on the obtained results we recommend to increase the ratio of conditioning training to gymnastic-dance training to 50 %, inclusion of strengthening and plyometric exercises into the training process and monitor regularly the level of general and specific abilities of the competitors in the individual mezocycles of the annual training cycle.