bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
AN ANALYSIS OF THE EARLY DISCOURSE OF BALINESE PRESCHOOL CHILDREN’S DIRECT SPEECH IN SINGARAJA
Authors: Meiyana Ariss Susanti I Luh
Published: October 2019

This study analyzes the early language development of young Balinese preschool children in Singaraja. Specifically, the study focuses on the early discourse abilities of the novice language learners. The study involved ten 4 – years – old preschool children and their caregivers (parents, extended family members, and nannies) from Singaraja. The data were analyzed to see what discourse types were used by the children and in what language (Indonesian or Balinese). The results suggest that children produce more response discourse type in their utterances due to the fact that these young language learners have very limited communicative repertoire. It seems that their conversation range primarily revolves around the typical question and answer conversational dyad. Furthermore, it has been found that young children make use of the Indonesian language in their responses more than their native language (Balinese language). This language preference may be due to the fact that children are exposed to L2 influences such as: movies, song, and other learning materials.
Efficient optimum safety factor approach for system reliability-based design optimization with application to composite yarns
Authors: Kharmanda Gh. , Antypas I. R.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The integration of reliability and optimization concepts seeks to design structures that should be both economic and reliable. This model is called Reliability-Based Design Optimization (RBDO). In fact, the coupling between the mechanical modelling, the reliability analyses and the optimization methods leads to very high computational cost and weak convergence stability. Materials and

Methods. Several methods have been developed to overcome these difficulties. The methods called Reliability Index Approach (RIA) and Performance Measure Approach (PMA) are two alternative methods. RIA describes the probabilistic constraint as a reliability index while PMA was proposed by converting the probability measure to a performance measure. An Optimum Safety Factor (OSF) method is proposed to compute safety factors satisfying a required reliability level without demanding additional computing cost for the reliability evaluation. The OSF equations are formulated considering RIA and PMA and extended to multiple failure case.

Research Results. Several linear and nonlinear distribution laws are applied to composite yarns studies and then extended to multiple failure modes. It has been shown that the idea of the OSF method is to avoid the reliability constraint evaluation with a particular optimization process.

Discussion and Conclusions. The simplified implementation framework of the OSF strategy consists of decoupling the optimization and the reliability analyses. It provides designers with efficient solutions that should be economic satisfying a required reliability level. It is demonstrated that the RBDO compared to OSF has several advantages: small number of optimization variables, good convergence stability, small computing time, satisfaction of the required reliability levels.
The problem of mathematical finite element modeling of inhomogeneous deformable solids using scanning
Authors: Duong V. L.
Published: October 2019

Introduction.In the mathematical finite element modeling, an average value of the mechanical characteristics of the deformable solid material is used. In aircraft, machine building, construction engineering, medicine and other fields, polymer composite materials and materials of natural origin are increasingly used. In the latter case, the actual change in the mechanical characteristics differs significantly from the averaged change; therefore, when using the averaged parameters to build and analyze finite element models, the results can be significantly distorted. This paper describes the creation of mathematical methods for studying changes in the mechanical characteristics of a material of inhomogeneous deformable solids. The results obtained in this way are used to construct finite element models and analyze their stress-strain state.

Materials and Methods. Naturally occurring materials and composites are considered as inhomogeneous deformable solids. To study the changes in the mechanical characteristics of the material, a method was developed based on the use of two components: the pixel characteristics of raster images scanned by a computer tomograph and the experimental data of field tests of standard samples.

Research Results.A complex of mathematical methods has been developed for modeling the interpretation of scanning raster images by a computer tomograph, which allows for the study of any complicated structures of real deformable solids. The results are used in the construction of finite element models of such bodies considering the heterogeneity of the mechanical characteristics of the material. The analysis of the stress-strain state of finite element models of test samples has proved the accuracy and convergence of the numerical solution of the finite element method in modeling the property of heterogeneity of the mechanical characteristics of the material.

Discussion and Conclusions. The developed approach can be applied to any physical principles of scanning (X-ray, ultrasound, laser, etc.) and for any types of materials if the data obtained as a result of scanning is developed in the form of a digital (raster) image.
APLIKASI KAMUS BAHASA JAWA INDONESIA DENGAN ALGORITMA RAITA BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Khairul Khairul , Haryati Sri , Yusman Yanti
Published: October 2019

Bahasa merupakan sarana untuk berkomunikasi. Di dunia ini banyak sekali bahasa, antara lain bahasa Indonesia dan Jawa. Pengetahuan tentang bahasa sangatlah penting karena dalam sebuah percakapan atau pembicaraan memerlukan sebuah bahasa. Sarana untuk mempelajari bahasa yaitu dengan menggunakan kamus. Ada banyak sekali jenis kamus mulai dari kamus berbentuk buku sampai berbentuk aplikasi mobile phone, akan tetapi jika ingin mempelajari bahasa dapat memakai aplikasi kamus Jawa Indonesia berbasis android yang menyediakan layanan untuk menterjemahkan kosakata. Tujuan pembuatan aplikasi kamus yaitu guna membantu pengguna dalam mempermudah pencarian kosakata dalam bahasa Jawa dan Indonesia.Berdasarkan hasil uji, aplikasi Kamus Jawa Indonesia dengan Metode Raita Berbasis Android ini hanya untuk mencari kosakata saja, aplikasi memuat menu tambah data dan edit data untuk menambah dan mengedit data apabila ada kesalahan. Aplikasi Kamus Jawa Indonesia Berbasis Android ini dapat dijalankan pada smartphone bersistem android
PENGEMBANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI PANDUAN MITIGASI BENCANA ALAM PROVINSI SUMATERA BARAT BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: Muhammad Fadel , Hadi Ahmaddul , Irfan Dedy
Published: October 2019

Sumatera Barat adalah salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang bila dilihat dari potensi bencana berdasarkan data BNPB, adalah wilayah dengan potensi bahaya yang tinggi. Bencana dapat terjadi kapan saja dan di mana saja sehingga orang perlu meningkatkan kewaspadaan, kesadaran, dan kesiapan yang biasa disebut masyarakat tanggap bencana. Seiring dengan pesatnya kemajuan teknologi seluler, diperlukan aplikasi yang mengakomodasi kebutuhan masyarakat untuk aplikasi yang dapat memberikan informasi terkini tentang mitigasi disater secara efektif dan efisien. Tujuan dari proyek akhir ini adalah untuk mengembangkan sistem panduan informasi bencana alam yang dapat membantu orang dalam mencari informasi tentang panduan mitigasi bencana, berita & peristiwa mitigasi, pelaporan bencana & layanan pertanyaan bencana, dan menyediakan lokasi BPBD dan rute evakuasi menggunakan Google Map API . Tugas akhir ini menghasilkan sistem informasi panduan mitigasi bencana alam berupa situs web pada server dan aplikasi android pada klien yang menggunakan pemodelan UML. Proses pembuatan pada server menggunakan PHP, HTML, CSS, bahasa pemrograman Javascript berdasarkan kerangka CodeIgniter dengan MYSQL sebagai DBMS dan Sublimetext3 sebagai editor, sedangkan klien menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java dengan Android Studio sebagai IDE. Sebuah sistem panduan mitigasi bencana alam dapat membantu BPBD telah dibuat dapat membantu BPBD dalam mendidik dan meningkatkan layanan kepada masyarakat dalam hal mitigasi bencana terutama di provinsi Sumatera Barat. Kemudian mempermudah masyarakat dalam mengakses informasi tentang mitigasi bencana alam
PERANCANGAN DAN IMPLEMENTASI MULTIMEDIA INTERAKTIF DENGAN METODE EXPLORATORY TUTORIAL MATA PELAJARAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI DAN KOMUNIKASI
Authors: Delianti Vera Irma
Published: October 2019

Dewasa ini penggunaan multimedia interaktif untuk menyokong pembelajaran telah mengalami peningkatan yang luar biasa. Teknis penggunaan yang dapat melibatkan hampir seluruh alat indra peserta didik, telah merubah wajah CD Pembelajaran Multimedia Interaktif menjadi inovasi pembelajaran mandiri yang mutakhir. Dengan pemanfaatan gambar, warna, simulasi, suara dan bahkan video, pembelajaran telah akan membantu peningkatan perkembangan otak yang seimbang. Keseimbangan antara Minat dengan IQ akan membentuk peserta didik yang cerdas, adaptif dan kreatif. Elemen-elemen gambar, warna, suara, simulasi dan video merupakan elemen penting yang terkait dengan CD Multimedia Interaktif
Análise Epistemológica da Visão de Ciência dos Professores de Química e Física do Município do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Oliveira Renato
Published: October 2019

Discute, com base na epistemologia de Gaston Bachelard, as influências de determinadas correntes filosóficas na formação da visão de ciência dos professores de Química e Fisica, em atividade letiva no segundo grau, tomando como campo de estudo o município do Rio de Janeiro. A partir dos resultados obtidos em pesquisa realizada entre março e junho de 1990, analisa a situação do ensino secundário das referidas disciplinas, buscando apresentar alternativas para a superação do contexto adverso em que se insere a educação científica nos dias de hoje.

Abstract

Based on Gaston Bachelards epistemology, we discuss in this article the influence of certain philosophical currents in the formation of Scientific views of a group of highschool teachers of Chemistry and Physics presently Working in the city of Rio de Janeiro. From the results of a research conducted between March and June 1990, we have analyzed the teaching status of mentioned disciplines, aiming to suggest alternatives to overcome the highly adverse conditions in which the teaching of science in highschool is immerse today.

Résumé

Dans cet article nous avons traité — en suivant lepistemologie de Gaston bachelard — le role joué pai- les philosophies qui ont influencé Ia formation de là pensée scientifique des professeurs de Chimie et Physique qui enseignent à Rio de Janeiro. A partir des résultats d'une enquete realisé parmi Mars et Juin 1990, nous avons pu analyser là situation de 1'enseignement de Chimie et Physique au deuxième cycle, et proposer, à là suite, des alternatives pour changer le tableau négatif qui caracterise Léducation scientifique aujourd'hui.

Resumen

Este artículo discute — con base en là epistemologia de Gaston Bachelard — Ias influencias de algunas filosofias en là formación del pensamiento científico de los profesores de Química y Fisica que traba-jan en Rio de Janeiro. Partiendo de los resultados de una investigación realizada en el período de marzo ajunio de 1990, analizamos là situación de Ia ensenanza de Química y Física en là escuela de nível médio, proponiendo alternativas para cambiar el cuadro negativo que envuelve là educación científica hoy.
Ensino noturno: desconhecimento do trabalho e novos desafios
Authors: Sguissardi Valdemar , Pucci Bruno
Published: October 2019

Apresenta um conjunto de reflexões decorrentes de uma pesquisa diagnóstico, patrocinada pelo INEPe pelo CNPq, realizada junto às Sª séries noturnas do 1º grau, do município de São Carlos-SP, nos anos de 1989 a 1990, e que teve como tema a questão da qualidade do ensino para os alunos trabalhadores como condição de democratização da escola pública. Tece considerações sobre o conceito de qualidade de ensino e sobre os novos desafios para a escola dos trabalhadores, representados pelo atual processo de qualificação/desqualificação/requalificação da força de trabalho, visando fornecer subsídios para uma resposta à questão: por que a escola ignora a categoria trabalho e a condição de trabalhador no aluno ?

Abstract

This research supported by INEP and CNPq during 1989-1990, deals with learning quality ofyoung workers that study at night. It covers the eighth grades of the elementary Schools of the municipality of São Carlos, in the State of São Paulo. It is an inquiry on democratization of public Schools, through this question: Why does nocturnal school disconsider laboras the determinam component of this working-student profde ? The article develops the concept of teaching/leaming quality in general, and particularly emphasyses the educational challenges for workers in an accelerate qualification/unqualification/requalification process.

Résumé

On presente un ensemble de réflexions provenantes d'une recherche diagnostic appuyéepar l 'INEP et le CNPq, réalisée aux 8àmes séries du leur degrédes cours du soir, à Ia municipalitéde São Carlos-SP, dans les annécs 1989 et 1990, recherche qui a eu comme sujet Ia qualité de 1'enseignement pour les étudiants-ouvriers, comme condition de démocratisation de l 'école publique. On fait desconsidérations sur le conceptde "qualitéd'enscignement" etsur les nouveaux défispour l 'école des ouvriers, representes par le procès de qualification/disqualification/réqualification de Ia force de travail, pour offrir des subsides à Ia réponse de Ia question: pourquoi 1'école ignore la cathégorie "travail" et Ia condition "d'ouvrier" chez Vétudiant?

Resumen

Presenta un conjunto de reflexiones decurrentes de una investigación diagnostica patrocinada por el INEP y por el CNPq, realizada junto a las octavas series nocturnas dei 1 grado, del município de San Carlos-SP, en los anos de 1989 y 1990, y que tuvo como tema la cuestón de la cualidad de ensenanza para los alumnos y trabajadores como condición de la democratización de la escuela pública. Aborda consideraciones sobre el concepto de "cualidad de ensenanza " y bajo los nuevos desafios para la escuela de los trabajadores, representados por el actual proceso de calificación/descalificación/recalificación de la fuerza del trabajo, objectivando proporcionar subsídios para una respuesta a la cuestión: por qué la escuela ignora la categoria "trabajo " y la condición de "trabajador" en el alumno ?
Uma alternativa metodológica para o estudo das conseqüências da não-escolarização, mediante a técnica da história de vida
Authors: Chaves Antônio Marcos
Published: October 2019

Propõe a utilização da técnica de história de vida para analisar a relação entre a escolarização formal e as atividades de trabalho que os indivíduos desenvolvem na idade adulta. A técnica foi utilizada em uma pesquisa sobre reprodução social e reprodução escolar, e apresenta-se como uma alternativa metodológica para se coletar informações que viabilizem a análise das conseqüências a longo prazo da não escolarização.

Abstract

Its suggested the use oflife history technique to analyse the relation between little formal educational andjob opportunities at an adult age. The technique was used in a research about social reproduction and school reproduction and was prescnted as a methodological alternative for search Information that pcrmit the analyse the consequences in the long run of a non-schooled individual.

Résumé

Nous proposons 1'utilisation de Ia technique d'histoire de vie pour analyser Ia relation entre Ia scolarisation formelle et les activités de travail que les individus développent à 1'âge adulte. La technique a été utilisédans une recherche sur Ia reproduction sociale et Ia reproduction scolaire, et se presente comme une alternative mcthodologique pour obtcnir des informations qui permettent l'analyse des consequences à long terme de Ia nonscolarisation.

Resumen

Propone Ia utilización de Ia técnica de historia de vida para analizar Ia relación entre Ia escolarización formal y Iasactividades de trabajo que los indivíduos desarrollan en Ia edadadulta. La técnica se utilizo en una investigación sobre reproducción social y reproducción escolar, y se presenta como una alternativa metodológica para colectar informaciones que tornem viable ei análisis de Ias consecucncias a largo plazo de Ia no escolarización.
Filago ramosissima Lange (Asteraceae), novedad para la flora de Andalucía Occidental (España)
Authors: Devesa Alcaraz Juan Antonio , Andrés-Sánchez Santiago
Published: October 2019

Filago ramosissima Lange (Asteraceae), new record for the Western Andalusia flora (Spain).Palabras clave: Filago, Asteraceae, flora, novedad, Andalucía Occidental, EspañaKey words: Filago, Asteraceae, flora, new record, Western Andalusia, Spain
Higher-Order Thinking Skills on Test Items Designed by English Teachers: A Content Analysis
Authors: Dwi Utami Fajar , Nurkamto Joko , Marmanto Sri
Published: October 2019

In dealing with the demand for critical and creative thinking skills in the 21st-century, the Indonesiagovernment has implemented 2013 curriculum which promotes higher-order thinking skills (HOTS)in the classroom. However, the implementation of HOTS-based curriculum gave impact to the wayteacher assesses the students' thinking skills as they are expected to be able to design HOTS-basedtest items in assessing students. Accordingly, this study investigated the higher-order thinking skillsrepresented on the test items designed by English teachers of Indonesia at the senior high schoollevel. This study was conducted qualitatively by analyzing four sets of test items, gathered from asenior high school in Indonesia from 2016 to 2019, using Bloom’s revised taxonomy. It was foundthat most questions were dominated by lower-order thinking skills, specifically understanding level,with the total percentage of more than 50% each set of test items. However, the higher-orderthinking skill found in the test items is the only skill of analyzing while the skills of evaluating orcreating were not covered. Thus, it is suggested that an evaluation is important to evaluate the testitems made since the proportion of lower-order thinking skills as well as higher-order thinking skillsare not proportional and whether those test items can be sufficient to promote higher-order thinkingskills to the students. 
El influencer literario a través de YouTube: análisis de la estrategia comunicativa
Authors: Pretel Jiménez Marilé , De Frutos Belinda , Sánchez-Valle María
Published: October 2019

Surge en el entorno digital la figura del BookTuber. El nuevo prescriptor digital literario en la red. El objetivo de este trabajo busca conocer la estrategia de comunicación de esta nueva figura. Identificando los 10 booktubers más relevantes en España, se analiza la estructura organizativa de la información, qué contenido consigue más visitas e interacción, así como la estrategia en sus redes sociales. Los resultados muestran que se puede identificar una estructura de contenidos, e identifica los más relevantes, pudiéndose establecer un primer marco de carácter conceptual sobre estrategias de comunicación que impacten en un público joven en donde se consiga fomentar el gusto por la actividad lectora.
Vídeo participativo y alfabetización visual
Authors: Martínez Luna Sergio , Carrión Candel Elena
Published: October 2019

Las nuevas tecnologías y la expansión de las experiencias visuales suponen un desafío para la educación. En este trabajo se propone el video participativo como herramienta para la educación en los nuevos media digitales y la alfabetización visual. El video participativo puede ser una acción de tipo educomunicativo conectada con los contextos sociales en los que se practica. Entendemos al video participativo como una forma de experimentalismo democrático que cuestiona la uni-direccionalidad de los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje para explorar situaciones de diálogo y de producción de conocimiento. Por ello su puesta en práctica es un recurso valioso para impulsar el empoderamiento y el cambio educativo.
Propaganda en redes sociales:
Authors: Donstrup Mayte
Published: October 2019

Las elecciones electorales son unos de los momentos en los que los ciudadanos de las democracias adquieren una mayor relevancia; y en este periodo donde los partidos políticos usan todo su arsenal de técnicas de persuasión. Este trabajo pretende poner de manifiesto a través de un análisis de contenido qué tipología de campaña ha sido más recurrida por los partidos políticos que optaron al Parlamento Andaluz (España). Estos resultados han sido cruzados con teorías de los efectos políticos y han confirmado que el partido que más ha utilizado una campaña negativa ha sido el más perjudicado en las urnas.
Redes sociales y nuevas tecnologías
Authors: Ugalde Cecilia
Published: October 2019

Las redes sociales y nuevas tecnologías de la comunicación influyen cada vez más en distintos aspectos de nuestras vidas, y moldean la forma en la que nos relacionamos, aprendemos y expresamos.  Necesitamos contextualizar los fenómenos mediáticos en función del entorno en el que se desempeñan, ya que su aplicación da resultados diferentes en lugares diversos, por ser culturalmente sensibles.
Conflicto y violencia sociopolíticos vistos por el modelo centro-periferia
Authors: Wotto Marguerite
Published: October 2019

Conflicto y violencia, dos palabras muy comunes, muy importantes para la conciencia individual y colectiva,  son conceptos empleados  en el lenguaje común para significar y normar malestares de grados diversos. En consecuencia, son a menudo confundidas cuando viene el momento de describir ciertos hechos y gestos. Este artículo propone una definición de estos conceptos, además de estudia la particularidad que ellos aportan al análisis de lo político en un contexto específico. A la luz del modelo centro-periferia, se analizan los factores importantes que influyen en las manifestaciones de los conceptos.
¿Son las bacrim un actor armado según el derecho internacional?
Authors: Mendoza Tovar Víctor Hugo , Ramírez Peña Víctor Hugo
Published: October 2019

El presente ensayo muestra de manera sucinta como las bandas de crimen organizado (BACRIM) o ahora como se les llama Grupos Armados Organizados (GAO) dejando como ejemplo el “Clan USUAGA”, son actores participes del conflicto armado en Colombia y a diferencia de las guerrillas tradicionales (FARC y ELN), no se oponen al Estado, salvo cuando este último interfiere con sus actividades criminales, disputándose militarmente el poder local y  regional a las guerrillas, mientras ejercían simultáneamente las conductas delictivas propias de su razón de ser criminal y la posibilidad de ser sujetos del Derecho Internacional Humanitario (DIH).
Los problemas urbanos derivados de la constitución en México
Authors: Rabell García Enrique
Published: October 2019

El desarrollo urbano en  México  ocasiona  problemas  de pobreza, dispersión, vivienda, movilidad y mayores  costos.  Parte  de esta problemática proviene del propio texto constitucional que propicia que el orden jurídico y los planes en la materia, otorguen competencias opuestas entre los gobiernos. Como hipótesis se establece que la Constitución y  demás  normas  propician  la  falta  de coordinación ocasionando los problemas citados. El análisis se apoya en la interpretación sistemática y hermenéutica de las normas jurídicas. Se comprueba la existencia de dicha problemática y se proponen reformas legislativas y administrativas.
Pengaruh Pemberian Variasi pH Terhadap Produksi Trigliserida Total dan Komposisi Asam Lemak dari Chlorella Vulgaris Air Tawar
Authors: Wulandari Rahmadani , Dharma Abdi , Syafrizayanti Syafrizayanti
Published: October 2019

Chlorella vulgaris is a microalgae that has high lipid content and potential as raw material for biofuel production. This study aims are to determine the effect of pH on growth, lipid production and fatty acid composition of C. vulgaris by using Growmore 32-10-10 fertilizer as a culture medium. Microalgae were cultured in medium Growmore 32-10-10 for 10 days. Afterward, pH of medium was varied into pH 5, 7, 8.2 and 9 and continued cultivate for 3 days. C. vulgaris cultured at pH 8.2 which is a control pH reached optimum growths. The GC-MS analysis for lipid productivity of C. vulgaris was 0.5020 g/L/day and 0.2902 g/L/day for microalgae grew at pH 8.2 and 9, respectively. Cultures at pH 8.2 and 9 produce methyl hexadecanoate, methyl 9-octadecanoate, methyl octadecanoate, methyl 9,12-octadecadienoate, methyl 9,11-octadecadienoate. Additional fatty acid methyl nonadecanoate was also found in C. vulgaris grew at pH 9. The low and high pH stress of C. vulgaris culture medium did not affect culture growth but altered lipid production and fatty acid composition.
Penentuan Kadar Karbohidrat pada Biji Cempedak Hutan (Artocarpus Champeden Lour.) dengan Metoda Tembaga-Iodometri
Authors: Fadjria Neri , Arfiandi Arfiandi , Yolandari Indah
Published: October 2019

Forest Cempedak Seeds (Artocarpus champeden Lour.) Are types of seeds that are underutilized by humans. Forest Cempedak Seed Flour has nutritional content of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins that can be processed as ingredients for food. This study aims to determine the carbohydrate content of Forest Cempedak Seeds (Artocarpus champeden Lour.) Conducted by the Copper-Iodometric method using a luff schoorl reagent. From the research that has been carried out obtained levels of carbohydrates in Cempedak Seeds (Artocarpus champeden Lour.) of 38.016%.
Identifikasi Senyawa Metabolit Sekunder, Uji Antimikroba dan Antioksidan Ekstrak Akar Gantung Hornstedtia Scyphifera Var. Fusiformis Holttum (Sijangkang)
Authors: Santoni Adlis , Efdi Mai , Suhada Akmel
Published: October 2019

Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum is endemic plant of Zingiberaceae family that distributed in Sumatera. Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum contained some secondary metabolite such as phenolic, saponin, triterpenoid and alkaloid. The biological activity of methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts from Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum suspended roots was tested for antibacterial and antioxydant activity. Antioxidant activity was analized by DPPH method. The antibacterial activity  was tested by used disk difussion method againts Staphylococcus aureus bacteria (gram-positive bacteria) and Escherichia coli (gram-negative bacteria). Almost all of Hornstedtia scyphifera var. fusiformis Holttum suspended roots extract were given antibacterial activity, nonetheless the biggest inhibition zone of Escherichia coli that was inhibited by n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts which have inhibition zone 10 mm at  concentration 500 mg/L and also againts Staphylococcus aureus, the biggest inhibition by ethyl acetate and n-hexane extracts which have inhibition zone 10.30 mm at concentration 500 mg/L. Among all extracts tested, methanol extract of the possessed moderate free radical scavenging activity with IC50 = 51.89 mg/L.
Occular Drug Delivery System – A Review
Authors: Kumar Naveen , Pahuja Sonia , Sharma Ranjit
Published: October 2019

The unique Anatomy of the eye makes it a highly protected organ and unique structure restricts entry of the drug into the target site of action. Designing an effective therapy for ocular diseases has been considered as a difficult task. Major barriers in eye medication are the ability to maintain a therapeutic level of the drug at the site of action. Therapeutic drug levels are not maintained for a longer duration in target tissues. Limitations of the traditional route of administration have challenged scientists to find an alternative mode of administration like periocular routes. The ophthalmic formulations are available as buffered, isotonic, sterile solution. A number of types of dosage forms are applied as the drug delivery system for the ocular delivery. The topical ocular drop is the most suitable and patient compliant route of drug administration, especially for the management of anterior segment diseases. Ideal ophthalmic drug formulation must be able to prolong the drug release and to remain in the area of the front of the eye for prolong period. It is necessary to optimize ophthalmic drug delivery; one way to do so is by adding polymers, development of in situ gel or using erodible or nonerodible insert orcolloidal suspension to extend the precorneal drug retention.
Assessment of some Immunological Parameters in Sera of Hepatitis C Virus Infected Patients in Babylon – Iraq
Authors: Salih Ayam M , Tolaifeh Zainab A , Dulaimi Tsahel H Al
Published: October 2019

In developing nations, the major cause for liver infection that lead to liver fibrosis and cancer is the virus type C. The research has been conducted on 800 individuals assumed to be infected with hepatitis C virus, those individuals have been admitted to AL-Hilla Teaching Hospital ,Central Public Health laboratory, to the possible relation of serum interferon -α, CD56, IL-10 and IL-12 in case infection of virus type C comparison to normal healthy control groups. ELISA assay was used for detection antibodies to hepatitis C virus antigen as well as its immunological response in the subjects which were infected. The result indicated that just 40 from 800 individuals (12-62) years old had HCV positive which represent (5.2%) with high frequency in male( 67.3%/), than female(32.6%) groups . The study also show elevated of IL-10 level in all groups of patients compared to the groups of normal healthy controls (P0.05). The highest level was reached to 81.61pg/ml and 90.69pg/ml in male and female respectively. The IL-12 level also revealed a significant increase level in all groups of patients compared to the group of normal healthy controls (P0.05). The highest level for it was reached to 99.25 pg/ml and 125.33pg/ml in male and female respectively. The study also revealed enhancement of IFN- α levels in all groups of patients compared to the groups of normal healthy controls (P0.05) the higher level which was 201.69 pg/ml and 311.71pg/ml male and female respectively. The results also shows increase level of CD56 in all groups of patients compared to the group of normal healthy controls (P0.05). The highest level was reached to 27.984ng/ml and 30.190ng/ml in male and female respectively
Clinical, Parasitic, and Histopathological Study of Pigeons Infested with Raillietina spp in Al-Qadisiyah Province, Iraq
Authors: Al-Mahmoudi Abbas Hadi Jasim , Al-Nailey Khalil G Chelab , Ali Mansour Jadaan , Alfatlawi Monyer Abdulameir Abd , HAL-Saeedi Tahseen A
Published: October 2019

Pigeons, in Al-Qadisiyah Province-Iraq, were investigated Clinically, parasitically, and histopathologically for the presence of Raillietina spp in their intestines. For these reasons, 5 cities from the mentioned province above were sampled as 150 (100 males and 50 females) pigeons were studied. The general clinical inspection, intestinal exploration and slides for the worms, and histopathological slide sections for the infested intestines were performed. The results of the clinical studies revealed delay growth in the young birds and emaciation in the adult pigeons. For the parasitic characteristics in the intestines, the results showed clearly the presence of Raillietina spp, declaring by their firmly attachment to the mucosa by their suckers and showing their segments, in the lumens of the small intestines. In the case of histopathological pictures, intestines revealed grossly small-intestine-wall-based enlargement and obstruction via intussception caused by the tapeworm presence with huge amounts of mucus and air bubbles and the parasitic white convoluted tracks in the intestinal mucosa. Microscopically, the results recognized that mucosa had mechanical disintegration, marked sloughing of the epithelial layers that belonged to the villi and crypts, epithelial-cell-based desquamation of the villi that were affected by dwarfism, mucosa and submucosa infiltration with mononuclear cells. This study provides important clinical, parasitic, and histopathological data of pigeons infested with Raillietina spp in AlQadisiyah Province, Iraq.
Correlation Between Serological Makers and Immunofluorescence Deposits i n Kidney Tissue of Patients with Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Al-Hadad Haider S , Matrood Aqeel Abbas , Almukhtar Maha Abdalrasool , Kehiosh Haider Jabur , Al-Saegh Riyadh Muhi
Published: October 2019

Background: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease. Few biomarkers for SLE have been validated and widely accepted for the laboratory follow-up of inflammatory activity. In SLE patients, with lupus nephritis (LN), complement activation leads to fluctuation of serum C3 and C4 that are frequently used as clinicalm biomarker of disease activity in SLE. Patients and Methods: In this study the number of patients were 37, seven patients were excluded for incomplete data collection, 28 were females ,2 were males. The duration of the study is two years from 2015 to 2017. Patients were considered to have SLE and LN according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, and International Society of Nephrology/ Renal Pathology Society (ISN/RPS). All patients were evaluated withm clinical presentation, laboratory investigations. Our patients underwent kidney biopsy according to standard procedure by Kerstin Amann, and their tissue specimens were studied in the laboratory with light microscope (LM) and immunofluorescence microscope reagents. The relationship between the serological markers and immunofluorescence deposits in kidney biopsy of all patients were studied using the statistical analysis of Pearson correlation and single table student's T test. A P value 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The granular pattern of IF deposits was present in all LN patients, and in more than two third of patients these IF deposits presented in glomerular, tubular, and mesangium sites. While less than one third of patients had IF deposits in the mesangium only. There was no statistically significant correlation between serum ANA, anti-dsDNA, and IF deposits of different types. There was significant correlation between serum C3 and C4 hypocomplementemia and IgG immune deposits in kidney biopsy, and there was significant relationship between serum C3 hypocomplementemia and full house immunofluorescence (FHIF) deposits inm kidney biopsy.Conclusions:Immunofluorescence deposits is mainly granular pattern in LN patients. There was no significant association between serum ANA, anti-dsDNA, and immune deposits in kidney tissue. Immunofluorescence deposits of IgG type correlates significantly with serum C3 and C4 hypocomplemetemia, and these immune deposits in association with low complement levels correlates with LN flare. There was significant correlation between C3 hypocomplementemia and FHIF.
pH Dependent Release Potential of Natural Polymers in Sustained Release of Ornidazole From Colon Targeted Delivery System)
Authors: Pankaj Sharma , Mukul Tailang
Published: October 2019

The aim of present work was to prepare colon specific delivery system of Ornidazole using different ratio of shellac, zein and guar gum. From study of various literature it revealed that shellac, zein and guar gum released drug from dosage form at the pH of 6.9, 11.5, 7-9 respectively. The main problem associated with colon targeted drug delivery system is degradation of drug in the acidic environment of stomach to circumvent the present problem different combinations of shellac, zein and guar gum were employed in the formulation of colon targeted tablet. Several preformulation parameters were determined such as melting point, FTIR spectroscopy, preparation of calibration curve, determination of λmax and partition coefficient. After the preformulation studies, next steps were preparation of core tablets, evaluation of core of tablets and coating of tablets. The data obtained from preformulation study seven formulations were developed and evaluated for various parameters. Based on evaluated parameter such as weight variation, friability, dissolution study, invitro drug release etc. the F7 formulation show better results colon targeted tablets. Drug content in F7 formulation was 95% and drug release after 6 hrs was 96%. Formulation containing combination of shellac, zein and guar gum released least amount of drug in the acidic environment of stomach and released most of the drug in colon. It is evide
Enhanced Sensitivity of Electrochemical Biosensor on Microfluidic Paper Based Analytical Device Using Zno/MWCNTS Nanocomposite
Authors: . Roekmono , Hadi1 Harsono , Muhimmah1 Luthviyah Choirotul , Wahyuono Ruri Agung , Imtihani Hilya Nur , Yuwono Rio Akbar
Published: October 2019

This paper presents an integrated ZnO/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) electrode in novel stacking paper-based microfluidic analytical device for electrochemical biosensor. The designed sensors were subjected to detect glucose and ascorbic acid in a simulated body fluid using electrochemical methods, including cyclic voltammetry and impedance spectroscopy. The composite of ZnO/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with variations in mass fractions of 0.1, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8% MWCNTs for measuring ascorbic acid and glucose with concentrations spanning from 0.02 to 5.12mM. The best results are obtained by 2% of MWCNTs in composited electrode, in which linear characteristics (R2>0.8) of the current response value show a sensitivity (gradient) of 0.017 and 0.085 µA/mM.cm2 for ascorbic acid and glucose measurement, respectively. The electrochemical detection by means of impedance spectra shows a linearly decreasing trend of chemical capacitance with increasing concentration of glucose and ascorbic acid. However, in the present system it is not sufficient to specifically distinguish the frequency response associated to glucose and ascorbic acid.
Catalytic activation of ethylene C-H bonds on uniform d8 Ir(I) and Ni(II) cations in zeolites: toward molecular level understanding of ethylene polymerization on heterogeneous catalysts
Authors: Jaegers Nicholas R. , Khivantsev Konstantin , Kovarik Libor , Klaus Dan , Hu Jian Zhi , Wang Yong , Szanyi János
Published: October 2019

The homolytic activation of the strong C-H bonds in ethylene is demonstrated, for the first time, on d8 Ir(I) and Ni(II) single atoms in the cationic positions of zeolites H-FAU and H-BEA under ambient conditions. The oxidative addition of C2H4 to the metal center occurs with the formation of a d6 metal vinyl hydride, explaining the initiation of the Cossee-Arlman cycle on d8 M(I/II) sites in the absence of pre-existing M-H bonds. Under mild reaction conditions (80-220ᵒC, 1 bar), the catalytic dimerization to butenes and dehydrogenative coupling of ethylene to butadiene occurs over these catalysts. Butene-1 is not converted to butadiene under the reaction conditions applied. Post-reaction characterization of the two materials reveals that the active metal cations remain site-isolated whereas deactivation occurs due to the formation of carbonaceous deposits on the zeolites. Our findings have significant implications for the molecular level understanding of ethylene conversion and the development of new ways to functionalize C-H bonds under mild conditions.
Synthesis, Characterization of Immobilized Thiosalicylic-Mercaptoethanol Bi-Ligand System and its Application in Detoxification of Chromium III and Iron III ions from Tannery Wastewater
Authors: Habila Bulus , Ukoha Pius Onyeoziri , Okoduwa Stanley I.R. , Salim Ahmed , Babangida Muazu B. , Simon Adamu
Published: October 2019

Background: Effective wastewater treatments are paramount to modern-day Scientists. The available methods are ineffective in detoxifying tannery wastewater. Aim: This study synthesize and characterized polysiloxane-Immobilized thiosalicylic-mercaptoethanol ligand system (PITSMCBLS) and used in detoxification of Cr3+ and Fe3+ from tannery wastewater.Method: Porous solid PITSMCBLS was prepared by hydrolytic polycondensation of tetraethylorthosilicate with mixture of 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, methanol and sodium hydroxide as catalyst. The gelation formed (3-CPP) after 40 min, was functionalized (F-3CPP) with excess ethylchloroacetate, triethylamine and grafted with thiosalicylic-mercaptoethanol bi-ligand. The PITSMCBLS was characterized using FTIR and SEM-EDX. The competitive sorption characteristics of metal ions (Cr3+ and Fe3+) were studied using Microwave Plasma Atomic-Emission Spectrophotometer.Result: The FTIR spectrum of PITSMCBLS showed vibrational frequencies (cm-1) at: 3339, (O-H); 2928, (C-H); 2685, (SH); 2497, (Si-H); 1587–1707, (C=O) and 1028, (Si-O). The SEM-EDX showed irregular particle sizes (4.4294 ± 1.7187 nm) and elemental composition (wt %): 3-CPP, Si (50.45); O (25.02) and Cl (24.57). The F-3CPP showed, O (58.68) and Si (41.32), while PITSMCBLS showed 11.94 of S. Gibbs free energy yielded negative range values for ΔGo (Cr3+ -14.187 to -14.832 and Fe3+ - 14.369 to -14.843 kJmol-1), positive values for: ΔHo (Cr3+ 5.345 and Fe3+ 0.000 kJmol-1) and ΔSo (Cr3+ 64.459 and Fe3+ 47.421 Jmol1K1) respectively.Conclusion: PITSMCBLS exhibits high potential for extraction of Cr3+ and Fe3+ in tannery wastewater. The Thermodynamic values indicate spontaneous, endothermic reactions and high degree of disorderliness with respect to metal ion binding capacity to the ligand system. This development would improve tannery wastewater treatment.
3D Texturing of the Water–Air Interface by Biomimetic Self-Assembly
Authors: Bergendal Erik , Campbell Richard A. , Pilkington Georgia A. , Müller-Buschbaum Peter , Rutland Mark W.
Published: October 2019

A simple, insoluble monolayer of fatty acid is shown to induce 3D nanotexturing of the water–air interface. This advance has been achieved through the study of monolayers of a methyl-branched long chain fatty acid, analogous to those found on the surface of hair and wool, directly at the water–air interface. Specular neutron reflectometry combined with AFM probing of deposited monolayers shows pronounced 3D surface domains, which are absent for unbranched analogues and which are attributed to hydrocarbon packing constraints. The resulting surface topographies of the water far exceed the height perturbation that can be explained by the presence of capillary waves of a free liquid surface. These have hitherto been considered the only source of perturbation of the flatness of a planar water interface under gravity in the absence of topographical features from the presence of extended, globular or particulate matter. This amounts to a paradigm shift in the study of interfacial films and opens the possibility of 3D texturing of the water–air interface.
The Ramakian Play by His Majesty the King of Thonburi (Review) | บทละครเรื่องรามเกียรติ์พระราชนิพนธ์สมเด็จพระเจ้ากรุงธนบุรี (บทวิจารณ์)
Authors: Dressler Jan R.
Published: October 2019

Book review of บทละครเร)ืองรามเกียรต3ิ พระราชนิพนธ์สมเด็จพระเจ้ากรุงธนบุรี [The Ramakian Dramatic Play – A Royal Composition of His Majesty the King of Thonburi] by Siworaphot et al., Fine Arts Department 2018
Science and Technology for the Export Product of Small and Medium Sized Enterprise (UKM) Kotaraja Rattan
Authors: Muzakir Ully
Published: October 2019

The objective of the Export Product Science and Technology Division (IBPE) is to boost the export growth of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises (SME) of rattan handicraft products in Aceh Besar Regency "Kotaraja Rotan" through improved management and product quality. The program also aims to accelerate the transfer of technology and management from STKIP Bina Bangsa Getsempena Banda Aceh as the implementer of IBP to SME "Kotaraja Rotan" as an industrial society as well as developing link and match between STKIP Bina Bangsa Getsempena Banda Aceh, SME, Aceh Besar District Government and large community. The method implemented is to provide assistance to the quality of raw materials, production processes, product quality, production management and marketing, quality of manpower, facilities and finance of SME. The conclusion of the program in this first year is the solution offered has successfully solved the problems faced by partners that are marked with the issuance of business license for partners, the availability of mall tools to guarantee the quality of products concerning the size and shape, availability of production space and good and clean showroom with partner needs. This IbPE program has encouraged the public spirit to be able to produce export products in order to compete in the international market.
Discursive Strategies of Verbal Violence in the Users Comments on Facebook News Updates
Authors: Muwafiq Ahmad Zulfahmi , Sumarlam Sumarlam , Kristina Diah
Published: October 2019

This article explores how verbal violence on Facebook was performed by the users. It investigates the discursive strategy exploited by them. The data of verbal violence were taken from user comments to news update posted on Indonesian news portal fans pages under the topic of Paris tragedy. The comments were taken from four different Indonesian news fans pages, namely Detik.com, Kompas.com, Liputan6.com and Tribunnews.com. The collected data were analyzed qualitatively. Applying Discourse Historical Approach (DHA) proposed by Wodak, the result shows that the users exploits three strategies to perform verbal violence namely referential strategy, predicative strategy and argumentation strategy. Employing referential strategy, verbal violence is realized in the form of noun and noun phrase, which functions as subject, object and modifier of noun phrase. Employing predicative strategy, verbal violence is realized in the form of word, phrase and clause, which function as attribute or predicate. Employing argumentation strategy, verbal violence is realized in the form of sentence and discourse.
Factors Influencing The Inflation of Indonesia In Islamic Perspectives
Authors: Bawono Anton
Published: October 2019

The purpose of the study is to identify the factors that influence inflation, using secondary data from 1987 to 2017. Methods for analyzing data using multiple linear regression. The result of the study shows that money supply has a positive and significant effect on inflation while economic growth has a negative and significant effect on inflation occurs in Indonesia. While interest rates do not have an influence on inflation occurs in Indonesia.
Defining Wrongful Dismissal: The Alberta Schism
Authors: Buchanan Dennis D.
Published: October 2019

The law in Alberta regarding wrongful dismissal is at odds. The source of this schism is the moment of breach when an employee is dismissed with insufficient notice. The “Mandatory Notice” doctrine holds it is at the moment of termination, while the “Contractual Option” doctrine holds that the breach occurs on failure to provide reasonable notice or pay in lieu of notice. While the Mandatory Notice doctrine is considered trite law in other jurisdictions, Alberta has continued to develop case law supporting the Contractual Option. However, the Contractual Option doctrine suffers from several fatal flaws which highlight illogical theoretical and practical results flowing from its application. Therefore, this trend must reverse and Alberta must return to the Mandatory Notice doctrine.