bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reflexão teórica sobre as contribuições da obra de Paulo Freire para a educação especial
Authors: Santos Silvia Cristina Pereira dos , Valente Geilsa  Soraia Cavalcanti , Cortez Elaine Antunes , Assad Suellen Gomes Barbosa , Vogas Renata Souza
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: refletir sobre as contribuições da obra de Paulo Freire para a educação especial. Método: trata-se de uma reflexão teórica, de abordagem qualitativa, fundamentada nos conceitos tratados por Paulo Freire na sua obra traçando um paralelo com a educação especial de jovens e adultos. Resultados e Discussão: a partir do conhecimento oferecido pela obra de Freire, num processo reflexivo sobre a prática, emergiram possibilidades de se trabalhar as áreas potenciais dos educandos, de forma ética, apostando na construção mais horizontalizada entre docente e discente, objetivando ultrapassar suas limitações. Considerações Finais: depreende-se a premente necessidade de formação permanente dos docentes que atuam na educação especial, no intuito de desenvolver competências e habilidades, como subsídios para a elaboração de estratégias educacionais que impulsionem uma educação libertadora, contribuindo assim para a construção de outro modo de vida mais justo na Educação Especial.
Olhares sensíveis em estudo de campo ao museu Solar Monjardim: memória e formação histórica
Authors: Bitte Regina Celi Frechiani , Santos Sônia Maria dos
Published: December 2021

Objetiva-se refletir sobre as teorias e metodologias que perpassam a formação histórica, encetadas a partir dos estudos de campo realizadas no museu Solar Monjardim com alunos do Curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo. Na busca por mapear e despertar alternativas que propiciem os olhares sensíveis para aspectos histórico-culturais presentes em museus, adotou-se a metodologia qualitativa de pesquisa. Utilizamos vários fragmentos dos debates realizados em sala de aula, da observação ao espaço museal e dos relatos, produzidos pelos alunos após o estudo de campo. Os resultados das visitas ao museu demonstram uma leitura a “contra pelo” e podem ser vistos como trama tecida a partir da sensibilidade dos alunos ao que lhes foi apresentado. Em suas competências narrativas aparecem os seus próprios sentidos históricos que atribuem em relação ao museu, à memória e à história.
La dimensión de la formación permanente de docentes que actúan en escuelas de frontera
Authors: Diniz-Pereira Julio Emilio , Tallei Jorgelina Ivana
Published: December 2021

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar algunos de los resultados de las acciones del programa de formación docente permanente Pedagogía de Frontera desarrollado entre los años 2016 y 2020 por la Universidad Federal de Integración Latinoamericana (UNILA), ofertado para las docentes de la red municipal de enseñanza en la ciudad de Foz de Iguazú, Paraná, Brasil. La metodología adoptada se basa en una perspectiva de investigación acción participativa desde el concepto del sociólogo colombiano Fals Borda. Los datos obtenidos a lo largo de la investigación demostraron que es posible planificar programas de formación docente permanente considerando el contexto trinacional. Las acciones formativas del programa permitieron reflexionar sobre el sentir de la frontera, estar en la frontera y pensar una educación de frontera. Este estudio se apoya en conceptos teóricos de autores como Bell Hooks, Paulo Freire, Orlando Fals Borda, Catherine Walsh, entre otros.
A importância do controle da evasão na Educação à Distância
Authors: Rocha Jorge Vieira da , Santos Sonia Regina Mendes dos
Published: December 2021

Mesmo com o avanço tecnológico cada vez maior no EAD, não foi eficiente para conter o número de evasão. Trabalhar a educação a distância não é simples, sendo necessária uma metodologia de ensino em sinergia com as ferramentas de navegação, simples de serem absorvidas pelos alunos e que venham a criar uma interação entre docentes e discentes que são os grandes atores do ensino. O objetivo do estudo é o de conhecer os principais fatores que contribuem para a evasão no EAD e apresentar estratégias em seu controle. Realizou-se um estudo mesclado, quantitativo e qualitativo, questionário online para os coordenadores e professores responderem com a finalidade de entender o que vem sendo feito no combate à evasão. Foi também realizada pesquisa bibliográfica e análise documental com o propósito de melhor entender o objeto investigado.
Impactos do distanciamento social por Covid-19 na comunicação de crianças e adolescentes com autismo
Authors: Givigi Rosana Carla Do Nascimento , Cunha Ane Cristine Hermínio , Barreto Lara Lyss de Almeida , Silva Giovanna Santos da , Conceição Louise Carvalho da
Published: December 2021

Durante a pandemia da Covid-19 uma das restrições foi o distanciamento social, que impactou a vida de todos. Este estudo objetivou analisar os efeitos do distanciamento social na comunicação de crianças e adolescentes com autismo. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, de caráter transversal, no qual 322 pais ou responsáveis responderam um questionário on-line. Como resultado destaca-se: 96,60% dos participantes que estudam pararam de frequentar a escola; 88,20% dos respondentes avaliaram que houve mudança no comportamento da criança durante o período de distanciamento social; as mudanças foram negativas para 68,6% e positivas para 31,4%; 46,70% apresentaram mudanças positivas na interação, 53,30% negativas; 70,35% estavam com mais contato visual e expressão facial, 29,65% estavam com menos; 48,45% entenderam que a linguagem e a comunicação estavam melhores, 51,55% que estavam piores. Conclui-se que pelo menos a metade das crianças e adolescentes investigados apresentaram piora nos aspectos mencionados, com implicações na comunicação, sendo importante que recebam apoio.
Pesquisa pedagógica e formação continuada de professores no ambiente escolar: uma relação necessária
Authors: Cardoso Patrick Pacheco Castilho , Araujo Luciana Aparecida , Giroto Claudia Regina Mosca
Published: December 2021

Este artigo de revisão bibliográfica e análise descritiva e interpretativa objetivou reunir, interpretar e analisar as publicações que discutem as contribuições da pesquisa pedagógica para a formação continuada de professores in locu enquanto atitude investigativa indissociável ao trabalho docente. Foram analisadas as publicações desenvolvidas no período entre 2008 e 2017, considerando o impacto, neste período, produzido na literatura sobre a formação docente, pela ideia de agente-sujeito e valorização da pesquisa pedagógica, fomentada tanto na formação inicial como continuada de professores. Os resultados indiciaram a importante relação entre a atividade de pesquisa da prática pedagógica e a formação continuada in locu como possibilidade metodológica essencial à formação do professor. Conclui-se que a formação continuada de professores precisa realizar-se no tempo e espaço escolar e valorizar a pesquisa pedagógica realizada in locu, com vistas a auxiliar o professor na construção de sua profissionalidade e aprofundamento teórico promovidos a partir das experiências.
Questionário sociolinguístico parental para famílias emigrantes bilingues (QuesFEB) uma ferramenta de recolha de dados sociolinguísticos de crianças falantes de herança
Authors: Correia Liliana , Flores Cristina
Published: December 2021

Empirical research in the field of bi-/multilingualism has shown that the acquisition of two (or more) languages during childhood is significantly influenced by the sociolinguistic experience of each individual, namely by the quantity and the quality of language exposure to the target languages (Unsworth 2016a). In fact, the heterogeneity of sociolinguistic contexts in which bilingual acquisition takes place leads to variation in the quantity and quality of the input to which bilingual children are exposed on a daily basis, which, in turn, originates individual variation in the levels of language development in the languages under acquisition, mainly, in the minority language (also known as heritage language/HL; cf. Montrul 2016). In order to assess the effect of language experience on bilingual development, studies usually resort to sociolinguistic questionnaires, which allow the researcher to outline the sociolinguistic profile of the subjects under analysis, as well as to obtain crucial information about predictive variables of bilingual development (see Unsworth 2019). In this paper, we present a sociolinguistic questionnaire, in Portuguese, developed for the collection of data on the sociolinguistic experience of bilingual children, between the ages of six and ten, with a migration background – the Questionário Sociolinguístico Parental para Famílias Emigrantes Bilingues (QuesFEB). This parental questionnaire, intended for researchers who conduct studies in the field of heritage bilingualism, has as its main objective the collection of biographical and sociolinguistic information not only for the detailed characterisation of the context in which bilingual children acquire the heritage language, but also, and mainly, for the quantification of their language experience in the target language, enabling the assessment of the effect that variables related to input quantity and quality have on that language. Besides providing a detailed description of the content of the sections that compose the QuesFEB, we will present, in detail, the method of codification and calculation of four key variables that have been found to be predictive of HL development, namely: (i) current quantity of HL use (i.e., input and output) in the household; (ii) quantity of cumulative exposure to the HL in the household; (iii) quantity of HL use (i.e., input and output) with migrant grandparents who are native speakers of the language of origin; and (iv) richness of the language exposure to the HL.
THE RELIGIOUS FACTORS OF THE UKRAINIAN MENTALITY FORMATION
Authors: LOMACHINSKA Irina , DEINEGA Evgeniy , DONETS Oleksandr
Published: December 2021

In the modern global world, a study on mentality as a main characteristic of the nation which defines the unity of the religious and cultural tradition of the society is conditioned with the need to develop an effective international religious and cultural cooperation. The purpose of the analysis is to determine religious factors in shaping the Ukrainian mentality taking into account its historical background and the challenges of modernity. The study methodology is based on the principles of the non-confessional approach and philosophical pluralism, involving a system of methods, namely: historical, dialectical, comparative methods, synthesis, and generalization. In the conclusions it is emphasized that mentality is one of the forms of the social experience accumulation, the set of historically accepted ideas, viewpoints, stereotypes, forms and behavior which are laid down is the public consciousness by means of education, culture, religion, a language through the years. Every mental formation has its imaginary lines of a friend and foe which were formed by ideologies, beliefs, and religious values. The religious factors in the formation of mentality reflect the role of the Church as the main regulator of the social life. In the social environment of the Ukrainian nation, a temple can be seen as a peculiar archetypical formation, the part of the landmark, symbolic, communicative, and informational religious system which regulates the public consciousness and it is an integral part of the national memory. The mental archetypes of the national identity stem from the phenomenon of the borderlands, and have shaped in the social context the desire for personal freedom, patriotism, social activity; in the spiritual dimension, it is a willing for the inner world to be protected, sacrifice, mercy, non-violence.
Videojuegos: herramientas didácticas digitales en un centro educativo de Babahoyo
Authors: López Álvarez Diana , Ruiz Conforme Nestor
Published: December 2021

Ante la necesidad de las escuelas del siglo XXI en adecuar sus materiales didácticos a la sociedad digital actual y con el progreso de la tecnología se ha ahondado en el ámbito investigativo donde la educación sea el principal objeto de estudio. La necesidad de obtener mejores resultados en la enseñanza desde la educación inicial ha llevado al uso de distintas herramientas didácticas digitales. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es proponer la incursión y el uso de los videojuegos como herramienta didáctica digital y, que forme parte del aprendizaje tras la implementación y aplicación de una metodología experimentada en estudiantes de educación básica elemental y media de un centro educativo del cantón Babahoyo para mejorar y modernizar el proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje de una forma divertida y diferente, tratando de captar eficientemente la atención de los alumnos. Bajo este contexto, se utilizó la metodología descriptiva con encuestas a docentes buscando así, alternativas para la implementación de esta herramienta. Finalmente, como resultado se encontró resistencia al cambio por parte de los docentes debido a la falta de conocimiento de los videojuegos y a la incertidumbre por considerar que su uso podría crear un elemento distractor para los estudiantes.
Влияние внешнего электрического поля на оптический разряд в скоростном потоке
Authors: Зудов В.Н. , Тупикин А.В.
Published: December 2021

The influence of an electric field on the plasma of an optical discharge in subsonic and supersonic air flows has been studied experimentally. The presence of a weak electric field practically does not affect the size of the plasma formation, but, regardless of the configuration of the field lines and the polarity of the applied voltage, it leads to a decrease in the probability of optical breakdown. The experiment has shown that the plasma created by focused laser radiation is very sensitive to the presence of an electric field. When a voltage exceeding 22 kV was applied to the ring electrodes, powerful quasi-stationary streamers were formed in the flow. The presence of an optical discharge plasma made it possible to create an electric discharge in fields with an intensity below the breakdown threshold of the medium. The effect of quenching and the processes of development of an optical discharge were studied depending on the speed and characteristics of the electric field. Quenching of the optical discharge was observed when a voltage of 22 kV and higher was applied. Despite the preservation of the geometric dimensions of the optical discharge, the high-temperature region in the flow can be increased by using electric streamers. This leads to an increase in the energy supplied to the flow, and thus allows combustion to be initiated and flame stabilized at higher flow rates.
Key words: experimental modeling, laser radiation, optical breakdown, electric field, electric discharge, sub- and supersonic air flow.
Ударное разрушение кристаллического, аморфизованного имплантацией Ar-=SUP=-+-=/SUP=- и аморфного диоксида кремния
Authors: Щербаков И.П. , Чмель А.Е.
Published: December 2021

The mechanical fracture of silicon dioxide initiates the mechanoluminescence (ML) lighting due to multiple breakage of interatomic bonds with producing non-bridged oxygen groups of [Si–O–]. The detected ML signals consisted of series of pulses, the energy of which is proportional to the number of photons irradiated from the broken bonds. The comparative analysis of the energy distributions in ML series induced by the impact damage of the surface of crystalline and vitreous SiO2 before and after the Ar+-ion implantation was conducted. The interplay between random and correlated accumulation of broken bonds under the impact loading was found and discussed.
Machine Learning Prediction Models for Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Zheqing , Yang Luqian , Han Wentao , Wu Yaoyu , Zhang Linhui , Gao Chun , Jiang Kui , Liu Yun , Wu Huiqun
Published: December 2021

Background

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common endocrine metabolic disease, involving a carbohydrate intolerance of variable severity during pregnancy. The incidence of GDM-related complications and adverse pregnancy outcomes has declined, in part, due to early screening. Machine learning (ML) models are increasingly used to identify risk factors and enable the early prediction of GDM.

Objective

The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis and comparison of published prognostic models for predicting the risk of GDM and identify predictors applicable to the models.

Methods

Four reliable electronic databases were searched for studies that developed ML prediction models for GDM in the general population instead of among high-risk groups only. The novel Prediction Model Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (PROBAST) was used to assess the risk of bias of the ML models. The Meta-DiSc software program (version 1.4) was used to perform the meta-analysis and determination of heterogeneity. To limit the influence of heterogeneity, we also performed sensitivity analyses, a meta-regression, and subgroup analysis.

Results

A total of 25 studies that included women older than 18 years without a history of vital disease were analyzed. The pooled area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) for ML models predicting GDM was 0.8492; the pooled sensitivity was 0.69 (95% CI 0.68-0.69; P<.001; I2=99.6%) and the pooled specificity was 0.75 (95% CI 0.75-0.75; P<.001; I2=100%). As one of the most commonly employed ML methods, logistic regression achieved an overall pooled AUROC of 0.8151, while non–logistic regression models performed better, with an overall pooled AUROC of 0.8891. Additionally, maternal age, family history of diabetes, BMI, and fasting blood glucose were the four most commonly used features of models established by the various feature selection methods.

Conclusions

Compared to current screening strategies, ML methods are attractive for predicting GDM. To expand their use, the importance of quality assessments and unified diagnostic criteria should be further emphasized.
Home-Based Spirometry Telemonitoring After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Mixed Methods Evaluation of Acceptability and Usability
Authors: Sheshadri Ajay , Makhnoon Sukh , Alousi Amin M , Bashoura Lara , Andrade Rene , Miller Christopher J , Stolar Karen R , Arain Muhammad Hasan , Noor Laila , Balagani Amulya , Jain Akash , Blanco David , Ortiz Abel , Taylor Michael S , Stenzler Alex , Mehta Rohtesh , Popat Uday R , Hosing Chitra , Ost David E , Champlin Richard E , Dickey Burton F , Peterson Susan K
Published: December 2021

Background

Home-based spirometry (HS) allows for the early detection of lung complications in recipients of an allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant (AHCT). Although the usability and acceptability of HS are critical for adherence, patient-reported outcomes of HS use remain poorly understood in this setting.

Objective

The aim of this study is to design a longitudinal, mixed methods study to understand the usability and acceptability of HS among recipients of AHCT.

Methods

Study participants performed HS using a Bluetooth-capable spirometer that transmitted spirometry data to the study team in real time. In addition, participants completed usability questionnaires and in-depth interviews and reported their experiences with HS. Analysis of interview data was guided by the constructs of performance expectancy, effort expectancy, and social influence from the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology model.

Results

Recipients of AHCT found HS to be highly acceptable despite modest technological barriers. On average, participants believed that the HS was helpful in managing symptoms related to AHCT (scores ranging from 2.22 to 2.68 on a scale of 0-4) and for early detection of health-related problems (score range: 2.88-3.12). Participants viewed HS favorably and were generally supportive of continued use. No significant barriers to implementation were identified from the patient’s perspective. Age and gender were not associated with the patient perception of HS.

Conclusions

Study participants found HS acceptable and easy to use. Some modifiable technical barriers to performing HS were identified; however, wider implementation of pulmonary screening is feasible from the patient’s perspective.
Inpatient Teledermatology Referrals During the COVID-19 Pandemic in a UK Trust: A Comparative Review and Doctor Survey
Authors: Howard Lucy , Jagun O , Hong A , Hassan Z , Wong C , Halpern S
Published: December 2021

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has broadened the scope of teledermatology services in the United Kingdom from a primarily outpatient-based triage tool to the management of inpatient referrals. In order to reduce the risk of transmission in hospital, a number of changes were implemented within our department. As part of this, our on-call referrals were transferred to a telemedicine app, which incorporates the secure transfer of user-generated patient images onto a web-based image management system providing remote access for the dermatology team.

Objective

This study aimed to compare how the introduction of this referral method impacted the nature and number of referrals received, the efficiency of the on-call service, and user preferences.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted to compare the number of referrals, time taken to review, and referral diagnoses between previous referral methods to the dermatology department (bleep, fax, email) (July and September 2019) and the new teledermatology app (July and September 2020). We also performed a survey of junior doctors, seeking their feedback and preferences pertaining to the new referral system.

Results

The number of referrals increased by 80%, with a 6-fold increase in lesion referrals. There is a possibility that not all referrals from 2019 were accounted for as paper documents are easily lost or discarded, highlighting another advantage of teledermatology in providing a reliable record of referrals. Dermatology referrals may have increased as the telemedicine app is more accessible to staff across sites. The telemedicine app also led to a reduction in time to review by 0.53 days, resulting in a significantly higher number of patients being given dermatology input on the day of the referral (78% vs 58%). This will have led to earlier treatment, improved patient outcomes, and shorter inpatient stays, resulting in potential cost reductions for the hospital. The survey of junior doctors showed that 81% preferred teledermatology to the previous referral methods.

Conclusions

The introduction of teledermatology has provided an effective and acceptable method of managing on-call dermatology referrals. Easier access to dermatology advice via teledermatology may result in higher numbers of referrals, which may warrant strict referral criteria to prevent oversubscription of the on-call service. Teledermatology ensures an accurate log of referrals, including the nature of referrals, allowing for better auditing and service improvement. Teledermatology referrals allow for advice to be provided within shorter time frames compared to previous methods. This should improve patient outcomes and reduce hospital admission stays, potentially resulting in cost savings for the hospital.

Conflict of Interest

None declared.
Artificial Intelligence Support for Skin Lesion Triage in Primary Care and Dermatology
Authors: Thompson Harmony , Oakley Amanda , Jameson Michael B , Bowling Adrian
Published: December 2021

Background

Primary care providers, dermatology specialists, and health care access are key components of primary prevention, early diagnosis, and treatment of skin cancer. Artificial intelligence (AI) offers the promise of diagnostic support for nonspecialists, but real-world clinical validation of AI in primary care is lacking.

Objective

We aimed to (1) assess the reliability of an AI-based clinical triage algorithm in classifying benign and malignant skin lesions and (2) evaluate the quality of images obtained in primary care using the study camera (3Gen DermLite Cam v4 or similar).

Methods

This was a single-center, prospective, double-blinded observational study with a predetermined study design. We recruited participants with suspected skin cancer in 20 primary care practices who were referred for assessment via teledermatology. A second set of photographs taken using a standardized camera was processed by the AI algorithm. We evaluated the image quality and compared two teledermatologists’ diagnoses by consensus (the “gold standard”) with AI and histology where applicable.

Results

Our primary outcome assessment stratified 391 skin lesions by management as benign, uncertain, or malignant. Uncertain lesions were not included in the sensitivity and specificity analyses. Uncertain lesions included lesions that had either diagnostic or management uncertainties. For the remaining 242 lesions, the sensitivity was 97.26% (95% CI 93.13%-99.25%) and the specificity was 97.92% (95% CI 92.68%-99.75%). The AI algorithm was compared with the histological diagnoses for 123 lesions. The sensitivity was 100% (95% CI 95.85%-100%) and the specificity was 72.22% (95% CI 54.81%-85.80%).

Conclusions

The AI algorithm demonstrates encouraging results, with high sensitivity and specificity, concordant with previous AI studies. It shows potential as a triage tool in conjunction with teledermatology to augment health care and improve access to dermatology. Further real-life studies need to be conducted on a larger scale to assess the reliability, usability, and cost-effectiveness of the algorithm in primary care.

Acknowledgments

MoleMap NZ, who developed the AI algorithm, provided some funding for this study. HT's salary was partially sponsored by MoleMap NZ, who developed the AI algorithm. AB is a shareholder and consultant to Molemap Ltd provider of the AI algorithm.

Conflicts of Interest

None declared.
Internet-Delivered Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Patients With Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Hyunjung , Oh Younjae , Chang Sun Ju
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Irritable bowel syndrome is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder that negatively affects all aspects of life. With the widespread use of the internet, internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy has been developed and applied to control symptoms and improve the quality of life of those with irritable bowel syndrome. However, few studies have systematically reviewed the effectiveness of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy on irritable bowel syndrome.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to systematically review studies that examined the use of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and to evaluate the effects of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy on the improvement of symptom severity, quality of life, psychological status, and cost-effectiveness.

METHODS

This meta-analysis involved the search of 6 databases for relevant publications. From the 1224 publications identified through database searches, 9 randomized controlled trials were finally included in the analysis.

RESULTS

The internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapies including exposure-based cognitive behavioral therapy, cognitive behavioral therapy for self-management, and cognitive behavioral therapy for stress management were provided in 5 to 13 sessions for 5 to 10 weeks. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy had medium-to-large effects on symptom severity (standardized mean difference [SMD] –0.633; 95% CI –0.861 to –0.4304), quality of life (SMD 0.582; 95% CI 0.396-0.769), and cost-effectiveness (–0.372; 95% CI –0.704 to –0.039) at postintervention. The effects on symptom severity remained over time even after the intervention, short-term follow-up (SMD –0.391; 95% CI –0.560 to –0.221), and long-term follow-up (SMD –0.357; 95% CI –0.541 to –0.172). There was no significant difference in psychological status, including anxiety and depression, in those with irritable bowel syndrome compared to the controls during the postintervention period.

CONCLUSIONS

This review demonstrates that internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy could be a cost-effective intervention for improving symptoms and the quality of life in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. However, studies are still insufficient regarding the use of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy in these patients; therefore, more high-quality studies are required in the future.
Assessing Generalizability of Deep Learning Models Trained on Standardized and Nonstandardized Images and Their Performance Against Teledermatologists (Preprint)
Authors: Oloruntoba Ibukun , Nguyen Toan D , Ge Zongyuan , Vestergaard Tine , Mar Victoria
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are a type of artificial intelligence that show promise as a diagnostic aid for skin cancer. However, the majority are trained using retrospective image data sets of varying quality and image capture standardization.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of our study is to use CNN models with the same architecture, but different training image sets, and test variability in performance when classifying skin cancer images in different populations, acquired with different devices. Additionally, we wanted to assess the performance of the models against Danish teledermatologists when tested on images acquired from Denmark.

METHODS

Three CNNs with the same architecture were trained. CNN-NS was trained on 25,331 nonstandardized images taken from the International Skin Imaging Collaboration using different image capture devices. CNN-S was trained on 235,268 standardized images, and CNN-S2 was trained on 25,331 standardized images (matched for number and classes of training images to CNN-NS). Both standardized data sets (CNN-S and CNN-S2) were provided by Molemap using the same image capture device. A total of 495 Danish patients with 569 images of skin lesions predominantly involving Fitzpatrick skin types II and III were used to test the performance of the models. Four teledermatologists independently diagnosed and assessed the images taken of the lesions. Primary outcome measures were sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC).

RESULTS

A total of 569 images were taken from 495 patients (n=280, 57% women, n=215, 43% men; mean age 55, SD 17 years) for this study. On these images, CNN-S achieved an AUROC of 0.861 (95% CI 0.830-0.889; P<.001), and CNN-S2 achieved an AUROC of 0.831 (95% CI 0.798-0.861; P=.009), with both outperforming CNN-NS, which achieved an AUROC of 0.759 (95% CI 0.722-0.794; P<.001; P=.009). When the CNNs were matched to the mean sensitivity and specificity of the teledermatologists, the model’s resultant sensitivities and specificities were surpassed by the teledermatologists. However, when compared to CNN-S, the differences were not statistically significant (P=.10; P=.05). Performance across all CNN models and teledermatologists was influenced by the image quality.

CONCLUSIONS

CNNs trained on standardized images had improved performance and therefore greater generalizability in skin cancer classification when applied to an unseen data set. This is an important consideration for future algorithm development, regulation, and approval. Further, when tested on these unseen test images, the teledermatologists clinically outperformed all the CNN models; however, the difference was deemed to be statistically insignificant when compared to CNN-S.
Health Chatbots in Africa: Scoping Review (Preprint)
Authors: Phiri Millie , Munoriyarwa Allen
Published: December 2021

BACKGROUND

This scoping review explores and summarizes the existing literature on the use of chatbots to support and promote health in Africa.

OBJECTIVE

The primary aim was to learn where, and under what circumstances, chatbots have been used effectively for health in Africa; how chatbots have been developed to the best effect; and how they have been evaluated by looking at literature published between 2017 and 2022. A secondary aim was to identify potential lessons and best practices for others chatbots. The review also aimed to highlight directions for future research on the use of chatbots for health in Africa.

METHODS

Using the 2005 Arksey and O’Malley framework, we used a Boolean search to broadly search literature published between January 2017 and July 2022. Literature between June 2021 and July 2022 was identified using Google Scholar, EBSCO information services—which includes the African HealthLine, PubMed, MEDLINE, PsycInfo, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases—and other internet sources (including gray literature). The inclusion criteria were literature about health chatbots in Africa published in journals, conference papers, opinion, or white papers.

RESULTS

In all, 212 records were screened, and 12 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results were analyzed according to the themes they covered. The themes identified included the purpose of the chatbot as either providing an educational or information-sharing service or providing a counselling service. Accessibility as a result of either technical restrictions or language restrictions was also noted. Other themes that were identified included the need for the consideration of trust, privacy and ethics, and evaluation.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings demonstrate that current data are insufficient to show whether chatbots are effectively supporting health in the region. However, the review does reveal insights into popular chatbots and the need to make them accessible through language considerations, platform choice, and user trust, as well as the importance of robust evaluation frameworks to assess their impact. The review also provides recommendations on the direction of future research.
Скелетно-м’язові ураження в перебігу коронавірусної хвороби (COVID-19) у педіатричній практиці. Власне спостереження: клінічний випадок
Authors: Svystilnyk V.O. , Mihnusheva O.S. , Savinova K.B.
Published: December 2021

Актуальність. Пандемія коронавірусної хвороби залишається в центрі уваги вітчизняної і світової системи охорони здоров’я. Патогенні властивості вірусу SARS-CoV-2 обумовлюють ураження як нервової системи, так й інших органів і систем людини. Мета: привернути увагу лікарів до діагностики скелетно-м’язових уражень, зокрема рабдоміолізу, для запобігання можливим ускладненням при коронавірусній хворобі (COVID-19). Матеріали та методи. Нами обстежена й спостерігається група дітей зі скелетно-м’язовими ураженнями на тлі перебігу коронавірусної хвороби (COVID-19) протягом 2020–2021 років. Клінічний випадок власних спостережень такого хворого наведено в статті. Результати та висновки. В пацієнта, хлопчика 15 років, після перенесеної гострої фази коронавірусної хвороби через 33 дні з’явилися загальна слабкість, сильний біль в ділянці правого стегна і кульшового суглобу, лихоманка. Проведена диференціальна діагностика скелетно-м’язових уражень і остеомієліту. Дифузні хвороби сполучної тканини, захворювання, що відносяться до онкогематологічних, а також гепатити були виключені на підставі клінічних даних і проведених обстежень. Ідентифіковані на підставі клінічного обстеження та результатів МРТ запальні зміни клубового, затульного та грушоподібного м’язів з формуванням абсцесу, разом із високим рівнем трансаміназ крові свідчили про розвиток рабдоміолізу. Виявлений позитивний IgG до вірусу SARS-CoV-2 підтверджував зв’язок даного патологічного стану з перенесеною раніше гострою фазою COVID-19. Ознаки коагулопатії, анемія в гемограмі одночасно з клінічними симптомами рабдоміолізу, дозволили підтвердити системність ураження в перебігу коронавірусної хвороби в дитини. Своєчасна оцінка клінічної симптоматики (загальної слабкості, болю в м’язах) і рівня КФК, трансаміназ, електролітів, креатиніну, сечовини крові допоможе здійснити ранню діагностику рабдоміолізу, призначити адекватну терапію і запобігти розвитку тяжких ускладнень.
Understanding the Multiple Factor Determining of Z Generation to Hotel Staycation During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Choirisa Septi Fahmi , Rizkalla Nosica
Published: December 2021

The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on restricted mobility, as well as a devastating economic development in various sectors, have change renewed interest in the future of tourism, especially in Hospitality Industry. This study sought to examine the Theory of Planned Behavior in the context of hotel staycation during the Covid-19 pandemic. Paired t-tests and the structural equation modelling were applied to assess the 246 responses of Z generations in Indonesia for the first and second quarters of 2021. The finding showed that attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norms affect the hotel staycation intention during a pandemic for Z generations. Perceived behavioral control plays the most significant part.  Several findings are provided on how the generation perceives traveling during the COVID-19 pandemic and how to encourage them to resume traveling after the travel restriction is lifted. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. The viewpoint proffered in this study provides scopes of the hospitality industry in terms of hotel staycation programs to maintain a resilient economic strategy during the pandemic.
Use of project management techniques and methods in design management
Authors: Pascon Cardoso da Silva Vitor Renan , Yugue Ricardo Toshio
Published: December 2021

Design is a synonym of project. This work aimed, based on the meaning of the word and the recognition that the term currently has on Brasilian market, to identify which ones, and how much are used the traditional project management techniques and methods disseminated by the PMI in design projects. For this, a questionnaire was applied to professionals in the area, inserted in several sectors such as interiors and products design. It was concluded that although these techniques and methods are used, they have a medium frequency in the projects and there was a tendency where it is customary to plan the use of the techniques rather than follow their development in the projects, which may indicate a point for action for project managers in the area.
Cultura política y poder social en el semiárido: la ausencia de conflicto en el clúster minero de San Rafael, Charcas, San Luis Potosí
Authors: Hermosillo Ramírez Manuel Axel , Guzmán Chávez Mauricio Genet , Rivera González José Guadalupe
Published: December 2021

En los últimos treinta años, hemos observado en San Luis Potosí dos escenarios que se caracterizan por el tipo de respuesta de la población local y la sociedad en su conjunto frente a las actividades extractivas de la industria minera. Uno es el escenario de no a la minería, del conflicto social y la movilización en contra de esta actividad; el otro es el escenario de anuencia, de un supuesto consenso y receptividad por parte de la población, es decir, la aparente ausencia del conflicto. Las percepciones y actitudes a favor de la minería tienen sustento y se explican a partir de la cultura política local y regional, bajo la cual se articulan las relaciones de poder y los imaginarios en torno a la vocación o tradición minera de un determinado territorio. En este estudio enfocamos el poder estructural y el poder táctico organizacional como las estrategias implementadas por una empresa minera de capital canadiense en el ejido San Rafael, municipio de Charcas, San Luis Potosí, para asegurarse el control territorial. Creemos que han sido más prolíficos los estudios centrados en el primer escenario y por ello abonamos a la discusión al reconocer este otro escenario poco problematizado en la literatura especializada.
Comparative Analysis and Design of Bridge Pier for various Geometries along height
Authors: Jawalkar Prof. G.C.
Published: December 2021

Abstract: Slender member is subjected to axial load and biaxial bending moment and fails due to buckling. This buckling is caused due to slenderness effect also known as ‘P∆’ effect. This buckling gives rise to excessive bending moment occurring at a point of maximum deflection. This additional bending moment is considered in second order analysis. The objective of the research reported in this paper is to formulate bending moment equation by using beam column theory and to study the behaviour of solid circular section and hollow circular section of bridge pier. The optimization in area of cross section is done by providing a combination of solid and hollow circular section in place of a solid circular section of pier within permissible limits. A comparative study on behaviour for all three conditions is been carried out. Keywords: slender column, buckling, ‘P∆’ effect, beam-column, second order analysis, bridge pier.
A Study on the Flexural Behavior of Plain Cement Concrete with Self Compaction Concrete
Authors: Srinivas K.
Published: December 2021

Abstract: To study the flexural behaviour of plain cement concrete with self-compaction concrete using three point loading. We are using two different types of concrete (Plain Cement Concrete and Self Compaction Concrete). For this we are using M20 grade concrete. We cast cubes and beams of sizes 150x150x150mm and 150x150x700mm respectively.Based on the test results it is concluded that the flexural strength of the self-compaction concrete beams is more than the plain cement concrete beams. And in the combination also the flexural strength is more when the plain cement concrete layer is at the bottom while the selfcompaction concrete layer is at top.
Transformaciones sociales y urbanas del entorno de los Mercados del Centro Histórico de Cuenca. Mercado 9 de Octubre y Mercado 10 de Agosto
Authors: Briones-Orellana Adriana , Heras-Olalla Jessica , Heras-Barros Verónica
Published: December 2021

Street markets are public facilities that link commercial activities and cultural exchange, which interact with the urban fabric that they are a part of. Their historical and symbolic values ​​make them vulnerable to transformations that rethink the urban structure, as happens in the immediate surroundings of the “9 de Octubre” and “10 de Agosto” street markets, located in the historic hub of the city of Cuenca, Ecuador, where processes of gentrification, touristification, and commercial gentrification have taken place. In this context, the proposal here is to analyze the urban and social transformations of the last 50 years, using a mixed methodology with an exploratory approach, through observation, surveys, and interviews. In both case studies, the results showed that with the operation of these street markets, commercial activity increased in the respective areas which, together with other associated issues (insecurity, unhealthy conditions, informal trade), are the main triggers for the incremental displacement of the population.
The Image of the Ancient Jewish Ruler and Autocratic Power During the Formation of Statehood (Based on the Materials of the Hebrew Bible)
Authors: Kovalev Andrey A.
Published: December 2021

The relevance of the study lies in the fact that the ancient texts of the Hebrew Bible largely anticipated the political and legal achievements of the last centuries. The Tanakh, additions and commentaries to it determine the direction of modern international humanitarian law, ways of forming state administration, lay the foundations of a system of checks and balances, a system of separation of powers, contain the foundations of the contractual theory of the origin of the state by concluding an agreement between the people and the king. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ancient texts of the Hebrew Bible and update the obtained data in modern political and managerial relations. Some texts of the Hebrew Bible (Tanakh), authoritative commentaries on them and the results of research by domestic and foreign scientists were used as materials for the study. The research methods were comparison, analysis of documents, and the system method. The conducted research concluded that doubts about the historicity and practical reliability of the texts of the Hebrew Bible are not able to affect the indisputable value of the material contained in it. Even if the events described have never taken place in history, the views expressed in the Bible themselves should be recognized as far ahead of their time and of value for modern political science. The Hebrew Bible defines the representative of the autocratic power (the king) as the first among equals. This applies to rights, duties, and responsibilities. It is this postulate that should be embedded in the modern political and managerial system, in which there is always a manager and performers. And only continuous work (primarily on oneself), self-improvement, as the Hebrew Bible bequeathed, should become the criterion for selecting a leader, and not any preferences.
Public Service Management through Making Identity Cards During Covid-19 in Bandar Lampung City, Indonesia
Authors: Ardiansyah Muhammad , Irsandi - , Martadinata Muhammad I. , Melinda Esti , Handayani Agustuti
Published: December 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has forced every resident in Indonesia to have an Electronic Identity Card because it is one of the requirements for disbursing social assistance to residents affected by Covid-19. However, the Identity Card service in Bandar Lampung City is still experiencing several problems, such as long queues and a slow system. The pandemic condition should be used as a positive momentum in improving services that were initially face-to-face and caused long queues and then switched to an online system using Information Technology. This study uses a qualitative approach with data validity techniques using source triangulation. The results showed that the Department of Population and Civil Registration of Bandar Lampung City has not fully worked well but has carried out service standards in service management in making Identity Cards by reducing face-to-face service hours and limiting 60 people per day, diverting consulting services and complete files. Through the Whatsapp service, the public is also free of charge as well as providing service facilities and infrastructure according to health protocol standards and placing officers at the service counter in accordance with their competencies as well as periodic training for service counter officers. The results of this study also revealed that there was a very rapid policy change that caused a lack of socialization to the community in Bandar Lampung City, as well as a lack of awareness of the public who needed services on the importance of obeying health protocols.
Coricancha como artefacto de poder inca y un lugar sagrado como [proto] museo
Authors: Hurtado Castro Hernán Iván
Published: December 2021

Este artículo pretende llevar a cabo un examen liminal de una función de museo adherente que tuvieron los grandes lugares sagrados/ceremoniales, como fue el caso del Coricancha, también llamado Templo del Sol. Esto podría ser el desarrollo de un artefacto de poder dentro del Estado inca en expansión. Basamos esta propuesta en una relectura de las crónicas de los siglos XVI y XVII, junto con un enfoque arqueológico sobre el paisaje y lugares sagrados prehispánicos.
Cefaleias e desordem crânio-mandibular
Authors: Hüning Sandra Vargas , Chaves Marcia Lorena Fagundes
Published: December 2021

This work refers to studies in cephalgia and Craniomandibular Disorder (CMD) focusing on the aspects that they don't have appropriated delineation in order to establish more precise relations between occlusal, muscular and articular variables and headaches. It also presents studies relating the occlusion to CMD problems. The possible migraine physiopathological mechanisms are mentioned, pointing out the fact that its sintomatology occurs in trigemino-vascular sistem region. We bring out cephalgia classification and cite the importance of the establishment of a suitable odontological diagnostic by the dentists through occlusal, muscular and articular exams so that dentist's competence field will be plenarilly exerted.