bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“The connection just happens”: Therapists’ perspectives of canine‐assisted occupational therapy for children on the autism spectrum
Authors: Hill Jessica Rachel , Ziviani Jenny , Driscoll Carlie
Published: June 2020

Introduction

The inclusion of a therapy dog has been suggested as a means of facilitating therapy engagement for children on the autism spectrum within occupational therapy sessions. The aim of this study was to seek an understanding of possible benefits and challenges of this practice from the perspectives of occupational therapists, trained in canine‐assisted therapy.

Method

This study adopted an interpretive descriptive design. Six therapists participated in a semi‐structured, telephone interview to describe their experience of working as canine‐assisted occupational therapists with children on the autism spectrum. An inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.

Results

Two overarching themes emerged. The first captured how therapists incorporated their therapy dog into sessions to accelerate children's initial motivation to engage within the therapy process. Specifically, therapists discussed how involving their therapy dog facilitated the development of a secure relationship, supported autonomous task involvement and increased children's sense of confidence. Second, they identified challenges inherent in their practice, such as the therapist's ability to maintain a goal‐directed focus when including a therapy dog. Beyond the challenges within their own practice sessions, therapists reflected on issues thought to impact the occupational therapy profession since starting practice as a canine‐assisted occupational therapist.

Conclusion

Findings from this study contribute to the current understanding of how occupational therapists incorporate therapy dogs into their practice with children on the autism spectrum. The specific challenges noted by the therapists highlighted the importance of canine‐assisted occupational therapy being viewed as an advanced scope of practice within Australia and, therefore, the need for training and practice guidelines to be established.
Sustained low‐efficiency dialysis with regional citrate anticoagulation for patients with liver impairment in intensive care unit: A single‐center experience
Authors: Pourcine Franck , Vong Ly Van Phach , Chelly Jonathan , Rollin Nathalie , Sy Oumar , Jochmans Sebastien , Ellrodt Olivier , Serbource‐Goguel Jean , Mazerand Sandie , Michaud Gael , Nlandu Yannick , Cirillo Giulia , Vinsonneau Christophe , Monchi Mehran
Published: June 2020

Regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) is a recommended method for extracorporeal circuit anticoagulation during renal replacement therapy (RRT). Increased risk of citrate accumulation by default of hepatic metabolism limits its use in liver failure patients. A Catot/Caion ratio ≥2.5 is established as an indirect control of plasma citrate poisoning. To investigate the safety of RCA in patients with liver impairment during sustained low‐efficiency dialysis (SLED), we conducted a retrospective study of 41 patients with acute or chronic hepatocellular failure requiring RRT between January 2014 and June 2015 in the intensive care unit of the Groupe Hospitalier Sud Ile de France. Sixty‐seven SLED sessions were performed. At admission, 32 (78%) patients had acute liver dysfunction and nine (22%) patients had cirrhosis with a median MELD score of 27 (IQR: 18.8, 42.0). Despite a majority of poor prognosis patients (SAPS‐II (Simplified Acute Physiology Score II) score 71 [IQR: 58; 87]), with acute liver impairment as a part of multi‐organ failure, no dosage of Catot/Caion ratio after SLED sessions exceeded the critical threshold of 2.5. Of the 63 complete sessions, neither dyscalcemia nor major dysnatremia, nor extracorporeal circuit thrombosis were noticed. Observed acid‐base disturbances (16.4%) were not significantly correlated with the Catot/Caion ratio (P = .2155). In this retrospective study using RCA during intermittent RRT in ICU patients with severe liver dysfunction, we did not observe any citrate accumulation but monitoring of acid‐base status and electrolytes remains necessary to ensure technique safety.
Work disability in rheumatic diseases: Baseline results from an inception cohort
Authors: Xiang Ling , Low Andrea H. L. , Leung Ying Ying , Fong Warren , Gan Wee Hoe , Graves Nicholas , Thumboo Julian
Published: June 2020

Aim

We aimed to characterize work disability in patients with newly diagnosed rheumatic diseases and compare work characteristics between patients with rheumatic diseases and controls without rheumatic diseases at diagnosis.

Methods

Patients with inflammatory arthritis (IA) and osteoarthritis (OA), surrogates for autoimmune and non‐autoimmune rheumatic diseases, respectively, and controls of working age were surveyed at diagnosis. Patients with rheumatic diseases who were employed before symptom onset were characterized as having work disability if they reported reduced work ability and productivity while remaining in the same job as before symptom onset, changed to a less demanding job or stopped working/retired. Work characteristics at diagnosis were compared between rheumatic diseases patients and controls.

Results

The unemployment rate before symptom onset was lower in patients with IA (20%) compared to patients with OA (32%). Among patients with IA and OA who were employed before symptom onset, 59% and 43% reported work disability, respectively (P = .04). The unemployment rate at diagnosis was comparable in patients with IA (26%) and higher in patients with OA (38%) compared to controls (29%). Employed patients with IA and OA, when compared with controls, reported poorer work ability (score: 37 vs 39 vs 41, P < .01; proportion with poor/moderate work ability: 48% vs 33% vs 21%, P < .01) and greater work productivity loss (score: 32 vs 29 vs 17, P < .01) at diagnosis.

Conclusion

Rheumatic diseases impose significant work disability at diagnosis, highlighting the need for identification and interventions targeting work disability early in the course of disease.
Services for children with hearing loss in urban and rural Australia
Authors: Barr Megan , Dally Kerry , Duncan Jill
Published: June 2020

Objective

To report satisfaction with services for children with hearing loss in urban and rural Australia.

Design

Mixed‐method approach using surveys and semi‐structured interviews.

Setting

Australian organisations that serve children with hearing loss.

Participants

One hundred parents of children with hearing loss and 91 professionals that serve children with hearing loss completed surveys. Seven parents and eight professionals were interviewed.

Main outcome measures

Comparison of satisfaction with services in rural and urban areas.

Results

Timing of initial hearing services was similar in rural and urban areas. Children with hearing loss in rural areas had less satisfaction with services than children in urban areas. Parents of children with hearing loss in rural areas had higher costs, mainly linked to travel, than parents in urban areas. Parents and professionals were concerned that advantaged parents received more services for their child than disadvantaged parents. Parents and professionals in urban and rural areas were satisfied with mainstream education, but less satisfied with education for children with hearing loss and additional disability. Professional satisfaction was lower in rural areas than urban areas.

Conclusions

This small‐scale study adds to research citing reduced services in rural areas. An exception is the newborn hearing screening program, with the limited data presented indicating the program is effectively overcoming the barrier of distance. However, children with hearing loss in rural areas have reduced access to ongoing services.
The cultural in the social: A reflection on sociocultural models approaches
Authors: Kashima Yoshihisa
Published: June 2020

Culture is a critical concept for social psychology in Asia. The sociocultural models approach, as exemplified in this special issue, is a significant synthesis of the past work and a generative platform for future research. From the perspective of cultural dynamics, this commentary provides what I hope to be constructively critical reflections on this approach and attempts to point to potential directions for future investigation.
Technology selling and innovation with bargaining
Authors: Banerjee Swapnendu , Lu Yuanzhu , Poddar Sougata
Published: June 2020

We examine when the price of technology is found through bargaining between the seller and the buyer and explore its effect on the innovation incentive. Selling the technology is preferred to licensing for the innovating firm. The possibility of selling increases the incentive for innovation compared to licensing for a range of high‐cost innovation, but reduces the incentive for a range of low‐cost innovation.
Recessions and potential GDP: The case of Mexico
Authors: Ventosa‐Santaulària Daniel , Hernández‐Román Luis G. , Amezcua Alejandro Villagómez
Published: June 2020

There is growing evidence that deep recessions may have a permanent and negative impact on both the level and growth rate of the actual and potential GDP of developed economies in the medium and long term. We study the growth rate of the potential GDP of Mexico, a middle‐income economy, using a modified version of the methodology proposed by Ball (2014) that employs robust time‐series techniques to identify shifts and accounts for a diminishing growth rate caused by secular forces rather than crises. We find evidence in favour of the growth rate's being stable around a changing mean. On the one hand, the 1982 debt crisis and 2000 recession coincide with structural changes in the Mexican economy that had a lasting impact (on growth) and permanently lowered potential GDP levels, i.e., strong evidence in favour of the hysteresis hypothesis. On the other, we find no significant damaging effect (on potential GDP) of either the 1995 financial crisis or the Great Recession.
Dietary sodium intake and cortisol measurements
Authors: Chen Angela X. , Haas Andrea V. , Williams Gordon H. , Vaidya Anand
Published: June 2020

Objectives

To assess the influence of a dietary sodium intake intervention on cortisol measurements within the general population.

Design

Cross‐over intervention.

Patients

Six hundred thirty adults without known Cushing syndrome, cardiovascular or renal disease completed a restricted dietary sodium diet (10 mmol/d, 230 mg/d) followed by cross‐over to a liberalized dietary sodium diet (200 mmol/d, 4600 mg/d). Twenty‐four‐hour urine collection and biochemical investigations were performed at the end of each dietary intervention.

Results

Mean 24‐hour urinary free cortisol increased with liberalized sodium intake when compared with restricted sodium intake (178.0 ± 89.7 vs 121.3 ± 65.6 nmol/d, P < .001). Nearly all participants (84%) had an increase in the urinary free cortisol following liberalized sodium intake. This translated to a substantial difference in the proportion of participants exceeding categorical thresholds of urinary cortisol on liberalized vs restricted sodium intake: 62% vs 27% for 138 nmol/d (50 mcg/d), 46% vs 17% for 166 nmol/d (60 mcg/d), 32% vs 10% for 193 nmol/d (70 mcg/d), 23% vs 6% for 221 nmol/d (80 mcg/d), 17% vs 4% for 248 nmol/d (90 mcg/d). In parallel, there was a small decrease in morning total serum cortisol with liberalized sodium intake (303.0 ± 117.3 vs 326.4 ± 162.5 nmol/L, P < .001).

Conclusions

Increased dietary sodium intake increases urinary free cortisol excretion and may increase the risk for false‐positive results. Variations in dietary sodium intake may influence the interpretations of cortisol measurements performed to evaluate for hypercortisolism.
Bird‐friendly wine country through diversified vineyards
Authors: Muñoz‐Sáez Andrés , Kitzes Justin , Merenlender Adina M.
Published: June 2020

Vinecology, the integration of ecological and viticultural practices, focuses on the working landscapes of the Mediterranean‐climate biomes to make wine‐grape production compatible with species conservation. We examined how maintaining remnant native vegetation and surrounding natural areas in and around vineyards, two primary practices of vinecology, may influence bird community richness and composition across a vineyard landscape. We conducted bird surveys over spring and summer (October–January) at 120 sites across a wine‐grape growing region in central Chile. The sites were equally divided across vineyards with and without remnant native vegetation, and sites had varying amounts of adjacent natural land cover. We used generalized linear mixed models to examine individual species responses to remnant vegetation in the vineyard at plot scale (within a 50‐m radius) in the surrounding natural area (within a 500–1000 m radius). We used the Horn similarity index to explore overall community differences to quantify variations in endemic species, guild detection levels, and species richness between site types. At the plot scale, 9 out of 30 species were positively associated with the proportion of remnant vegetation and 3 species were negatively associated. Six were positively influenced by the proportion of native vegetation in the surrounding landscape and 3 species were negatively associated with proportion of native vegetation. Although overall total detections and richness were significantly greater in continuous mixed Mediterranean forest, 84.9% of these species were also detected in forest remnants within vineyards. Endemics, insectivores, granivores, and omnivores were all more abundant in vineyards with remnant native vegetation than in vineyards without remnant native vegetation. Our results show the value of maintaining and restoring natural vegetation remnants in vineyards as a tool for bird conservation that can be applied in working landscapes of the New World Mediterranean climate regions.
Physical education teaching for saving energy in basketball sports athletics using Hidden Markov and Motion Model
Authors: Zhang Ning , Han Yubin , Crespo Rubén G. , Martínez Oscar S.
Published: June 2020

A new trend of schooling is characterized by long‐term learning and driven by technological, social, and cultural developments. This trend means that physical education (PE) and sports science must be strengthened. Although PE and sports are practical activities, specialists can make use of modern teaching technologies. Basketball is intended to develop the skills and understanding of movement and protection and its ability to take use of an active and healthy lifestyle in a variety of activities. Therefore, a survey suggested that, energy is valuable part in PE, especially more energy is increased by playing basketball. Hence this study concentrates on Hidden Markov hybridised with Motion Model (HM‐HMM), to save energy through the habit of playing basketball. The secret of HM‐HMM is computer evaluation system, particularly useful for the calculation of mastery of the academic knowledge of a collection of information points in pathways in PE in colleges to approximate and infer difficulties and unknown properties according to the observed variables. This article introduces a motion model which is more practical based on studies for player movement to save energy.
The acute muscular response to passive movement and blood flow restriction
Authors: Park Joonsun , Stanford Daphney M. , Buckner Samuel L. , Jessee Matthew B.
Published: June 2020

Purpose

To compare the acute effects of passive movement combined with blood flow restriction (PM + BFR) to passive movement (PM) or blood flow restriction alone (BFR).

Methods

A total of 20 healthy participants completed: time control (TC), PM, BFR and PM + BFR (one per leg, over 2 days; randomized). For PM, a dynamometer moved the leg through 3 sets of 15 knee extensions/flexions (90° at 45°/second). For BFR, a cuff was inflated to 80% arterial occlusion pressure on the upper leg. Measurements consisted of anterior muscle thickness at 60% and 70% of the upper leg before and after (−0, −5 and −10 min) conditions, ratings of perceived effort and discomfort before conditions and after each set, and of the vastus lateralis during conditions. Data, presented as mean (SD), were compared using Bayesian RMANOVA, except for perceived effort and discomfort, which were compared using a Friedman's test (non‐parametric).

Results

60% (Δcm before‐after‐0: TC = 0.04 [0.09], PM = −0.01 [0.15], BFR = 0.00 [0.11], PM + BFR = 0.01 [0.22]) and 70% (Δcm before‐after‐0: TC = 0.01 [0.09], PM = −0.01 [0.15], BFR = 0.02 [0.11], PM + BFR = −0.03 [0.22]) muscle thickness did not change. Perceived effort was greater than TC following PM (p = .05) and PM + BFR (p = .001). Perceived discomfort was greater following BFR and PM + BFR compared to TC (all p ≤ .002) and PM (all p ≤ .010). Changes in deoxygenation (e.g. channel 1; ΔμM start set 1‐end set 3: TC = 0.9 [1.2], PM = −1.2 [1.9], BFR = 10.3 [2.7], PM + BFR = 10.3 [3.0]) were generally greater with BFR and PM + BFR (BFinclusion = 1.210e + 13).

Conclusion

Acute muscular responses to PM + BFR are not augmented over the effect of BFR alone.
Contemporary and future distributions of cobia, Rachycentron canadum
Authors: Crear Daniel P. , Watkins Brian E. , Saba Vincent S. , Graves John E. , Jensen Douglas R. , Hobday Alistair J. , Weng Kevin C.
Published: June 2020

Aim

Climate change has influenced the distribution and phenology of marine species, globally. However, knowledge of the impacts of climate change is lacking for many species that support valuable recreational fisheries. Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) are the target of an important recreational fishery along the U.S. east coast that is currently the subject of a management controversy regarding allocation and stock structure. Further, the current and probable future distributions of this migratory species are unclear, further complicating decision‐making. The objectives of this study are to better define the contemporary distribution of cobia along the U.S. east coast and to project potential shifts in distribution and phenology under future climate change scenarios.

Location

Chesapeake Bay and the U.S. east coast.

Methods

We developed a depth‐integrated habitat suitability model using archival tagging data from cobia that were caught and tagged in Chesapeake Bay during summer months and coupled those data with high‐resolution ocean models to project the contemporary and future distributions of cobia along U.S. east coast.

Results

During the winter months, suitable cobia habitat currently occurs in offshore waters off North Carolina and further south, whereas during the summer months, suitable habitat occurs in waters from Florida to southern New England. In warmer years, the availability of suitable habitat increases in northern latitudes. Under continued climate change over the next 40–80 years, suitable habitat is projected to shift northward and decrease over the shelf.

Main conclusions

Habitat distributions suggest cobia overwinter offshore and could inhabit waters further north during warmer months, into state jurisdictions that do not have strict management regulations for cobia. When waters are warmer, distributions are projected to shift poleward and seasonal migrations may begin earlier. These results can inform resource allocation discussions between fishery managers and resource users.
Diagnosis of double‐chambered left ventricle using echocardiography
Authors: Zhang Xin , Wang Jing , Cao Yongli , Zheng Lin , Li Pei , Duan Xiaomin , Wang Fangyun
Published: June 2020

Double‐chambered left ventricle (DCLV) is a particularly rare congenital cardiovascular malformation that is difficult to diagnose. It is characterized by the subdivision of the left ventricle into two chambers by an abnormal septum or muscle band. Here, we report 12 patients with DCLV. Differential diagnoses of DCLV include four other cardiac diseases, diverticulum, aneurysm, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and left ventricular noncompaction. Echocardiography plays an important role in the diagnosis of this rare condition and in differentiating it from other diseases.
Reciprocal interaction between striatal cholinergic and low‐threshold spiking interneurons — A computational study
Authors: Frost Nylén Johanna , Carannante Ilaria , Grillner Sten , Hellgren Kotaleski Jeanette
Published: June 2020

The striatum is the main input stage of the basal ganglia receiving extrinsic input from cortex and thalamus. The striatal projection neurons (SPN) constitute 95% of the neurons in the striatum in mice while the remaining 5% are cholinergic and GABAergic interneurons. The cholinergic (ChIN) and low‐threshold spiking interneurons (LTS) are spontaneously active and form a striatal subnetwork involved in salience detection and goal‐directed learning. Activation of ChINs has been shown to inhibit LTS via muscarinic receptor type 4 (M4R) and LTS in turn can modulate ChINs via nitric oxide (NO) causing a prolonged depolarization. Thalamic input prefentially excites ChINs, whereas input from motor cortex favours LTS, but can also excite ChINs. This varying extrinsic input with intrinsic reciprocal, yet opposing, effects raises the possibility of a slow input‐dependent modulatory subnetwork. Here, we simulate this subnetwork using multicompartmental neuron models that incorporate data regarding known ion channels and detailed morphological reconstructions. The modelled connections replicate the experimental data on muscarinic (M4R) and nitric oxide modulation onto LTS and ChIN, respectively, and capture their physiological interaction. Finally, we show that the cortical and thalamic inputs triggering the opposing modulation within the network induce periods of increased and decreased spiking activity in ChINs and LTS. This could provide different temporal windows for selective modulation by acetylcholine and nitric oxide, and the possibility of interaction with the wider striatal microcircuit.
Digital Module 14: Planning and Conducting Standard Setting
Authors: Bunch Michael B.
Published: June 2020

In this digital ITEMS module, Dr. Michael Bunch provides an in‐depth, step‐by‐step look at how standard setting is done. It does not focus on any specific procedure or methodology (e.g., modified Angoff, bookmark, and body of work) but on the practical tasks that must be completed for any standard setting activity. Dr. Bunch carries the participant through every stage of the standard setting process, from developing a plan, through preparations for standard setting, conducting standard setting, and all the follow‐up activities that must occur after standard setting in order to obtain the approval of cut scores and translate those cut scores into score reports. The digital module includes a 120‐page manual, various ancillary files (e.g., PowerPoint slides, Excel workbooks, sample documents, and forms), links to datasets from the book Standard Setting (Cizek & Bunch, 2007), links to final reports from four recent large‐scale standard setting events, quiz questions with formative feedback, and a glossary.
Job Overload, Organizational Commitment, and Motivation as Antecedents of Cyberloafing: Evidence from Employee Monitoring Software
Authors: Hensel Przemysław G. , Kacprzak Agnieszka
Published: June 2020

The study aims to investigate how organization‐related factors, such as job overload, organizational commitment, and motivation, affect the level of cyberloafing. While research on cyberloafing has been blooming recently, most of the studies are based on self‐reports. Thus the validity of obtained results is threatened by the possibility of deliberate response distortion resulting in the underreporting of cyberloafing. We address this issue by using a unique data‐set collected by the organization‐wide computer‐tracking system. Data gathered from the sample of 379 employees whose computer usage was automatically monitored during a four‐month period was combined with a survey intended to measure independent variables. We find that job overload is negatively related to cyberloafing and organizational commitment. The results allow questioning the inclusion of cyberloafing in the category of counterproductive work behaviors, while at the same time, they increase the validity of findings on the relationships between the studied variables and cyberloafing.
Electron Microprobe/SIMS Determinations of Al in Olivine: Applications to Solar Wind, Pallasites and Trace Element Measurements
Authors: Paque Julie M. , Hofmann Amy E. , Burnett Donald S. , Guan Yunbin , Jurewicz Amy J.G. , Woolum Dorothy S. , Ma Chi , Rossman George R.
Published: June 2020

Electron probe microanalyser measurements of trace elements with high accuracy are challenging. Accurate Al measurements in olivine are required to calibrate SIMS implant reference materials for measurement of Al in the solar wind. We adopt a combined EPMA/SIMS approach that is useful for producing SIMS reference materials as well as for EPMA at the ~ 100 µg g−1 level. Even for mounts not polished with alumina photoelectron spectroscopy shows high levels of Al surface contamination. In order to minimise electron beam current density, a rastered 50 × 100 µm electron beam was adequate and minimised sensitivity to small Al‐rich contaminants. Reproducible analyses of eleven SIMS‐cleaned spots on San Carlos olivine agreed at 69.3 ± 1.0 µg g−1. The known Al mass fraction was used to calibrate an Al implant into San Carlos. Accurate measurements of Al were made for olivines in the pallasites: Imilac, Eagle Station and Springwater. Our focus was on Al in olivine, but our technique could be refined to give accurate electron probe measurements for other contamination‐sensitive trace elements. For solar wind, it is projected that the Al/Mg abundance ratio can be determined to 6%, a factor of 2 more precise than the solar spectroscopic ratio.
A Real‐World Analysis of Patient Characteristics, Treatment Patterns, and Level of Impairment in Patients With Migraine Who are Insufficient Responders vs Responders to Acute Treatment
Authors: Lombard Louise , Ye Wenyu , Nichols Russell , Jackson James , Cotton Sarah , Joshi Shivang
Published: June 2020

Objective

The objective of this study was to examine if patients with migraine who responded sufficiently to acute treatment were significantly different from those who did not in terms of patient characteristics, treatment patterns, and patient level of impairment, and to identify characteristics associated with insufficient response.

Background

Migraine is highly prevalent and impacts functional ability substantially. Current treatment approaches are not sufficiently meeting the needs of patients, and inadequate response to acute treatment is reported by at least 56% of patients with migraine in the United States.

Methods

Data were obtained from the 2014 Adelphi Migraine Disease‐Specific Program, a cross‐sectional survey. Using logistic regression, we assessed the association between patient factors and insufficient response. Responders were defined as patients with migraine who achieved pain freedom within 2 hours of acute treatment in ≥4 of 5 attacks, while insufficient responders achieved it in ≤3 of 5 attacks.

Results

Of 583 patients included, insufficient responders to acute treatment constituted 34.3% (200/583) of the study population. A statistically significantly larger proportion of insufficient responders vs responders had ≥4 migraine headache days/month (46.3% [88/190] vs 31% [114/368]), had ever been prescribed ≥3 unique preventive treatment regimens (11.7% [21/179] vs 6.3% [22/347]), and had chronic migraine, medication‐overuse headaches, and comorbid depression (all P values ≤.05). Patient level of impairment was statistically significantly greater among insufficient responders vs responders. Factors associated with insufficient response after adjusting for covariates included Migraine Disability Assessment total score (odds ratio [OR] = 1.04, 95% CI [1.02, 1.05]), time of administration of acute treatment (OR = 1.83, 95% CI [1.15, 2.92]), depression (OR = 1.98, 95% CI [1.21, 3.23]), sensitivity to light not listed as current most troublesome symptom (OR = 2.30, 95% CI [1.21, 4.37]), and change in the average headache days per month before being prescribed an acute treatment vs now (OR = 1.75, 95% CI [1.05, 2.90]).

Conclusions

Clinical characteristics, treatment patterns, and health‐related quality of life measures are statistically significantly different between insufficient responders and responders to acute treatment in patients with migraine.
Effect of an introduced parasite in natural and anthropogenic habitats on the breeding success of the endemic little vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus nanus in the Galápagos
Authors: Leuba Célina , Tebbich Sabine , Nemeth Erwin , Anchundia David , Heyer Eileen , Mosquera Denis A. , Richner Heinz , Rojas Allieri Maria L. , Sevilla Christian , Fessl Birgit
Published: June 2020

In the Galápagos Islands many endemic bird species, including the emblematic Darwin's finches, show significant declines in population size. The endemic little vermilion flycatcher Pyrocephalus nanus, classified as vulnerable with high extinction risk, is strongly declining and broods regularly fail. We investigated multiple causes for breeding failure by comparing breeding success, infestation intensity by the hematophagous larvae of the introduced parasitic fly Philornis downsi, predation, parental food provisioning rate and prey attack rates as indicators of food availability at three study sites differing in anthropogenic habitat alterations: Alcedo on Isabela Island with its pristine habitat remote from human settlements, El Cura, also on Isabela Island but dominated by farmland, and Mina Roja on Santa Cruz Island, a site highly altered by introduced invasive plant species, mainly the blackberry. To test for the causal role of parasitism, we reduced the number of P. downsi larvae in half the nests at each site on Isabela Island, and used the other nests as control. When infestation intensity was experimentally reduced, both breeding success and food provisioning rates increased significantly in El Cura, but not in Alcedo, where breeding success and food provisioning rates were overall higher and infestation intensity lower than in El Cura. In the very small population of the little vermilion flycatcher in Mina Roja most nests were abandoned during the incubation phase before nests were infested by P. downsi. Mammalian predation played a minor role in brood loss at all three study sites. Our experimental study demonstrates that the recently introduced parasitic fly significantly affects breeding success of an endangered endemic bird species, and suggests that the effects are modulated by natural levels of P. downsi infestation and habitat‐related rates of food provisioning. Conservation measures should include P. downsi control combined with creating and maintaining open foraging areas.
High plant species richness and stable climate lead to richer but phylogenetically and functionally clustered avifaunas
Authors: Wang Na , Mao Lingfeng , Yang Xueting , Si Xingfeng , Wang Yanping , Eiserhardt Wolf L. , Feng Gang
Published: June 2020

Aims

Glacial–interglacial climate stability and contemporary climate could affect bird diversity through their direct effects on diversification and physiological tolerance, and indirect effects on plant species richness, which could provide more food and ecological niches. This study aims to quantitatively assess the direct and indirect effects of these drivers on species richness, phylogenetic and functional structure of bird assemblages.

Location

Mainland China.

Taxon

Birds.

Methods

Ordinary least squares models and simultaneous autoregressive models were used to test the associations between glacial–interglacial climate anomaly, contemporary climate, plant species richness, elevation range and species richness, phylogenetic structure, functional structure of bird assemblages in mainland China. Structural equation models were used to distinguish between direct and indirect effects of these variables on bird diversity.

Results

High bird species richness with phylogenetically and functionally clustered structure occurred in regions with more plant species and stable glacial–interglacial climate. Notably, the phylogenetically clustered bird assemblages were composed of young lineages. Contemporary precipitation and elevation range affected bird diversity through their indirect effects on plant species richness.

Main Conclusions

These findings suggest that more plant species and stable glacial–interglacial climate may promote bird diversity through their effects on in situ diversification and species dispersal rate in southwestern China. Therefore, the well‐preserved plant and bird diversity through the long‐term climate fluctuations should be of great importance of biodiversity conservation in China.
Association between interatrial block, left atrial fibrosis, and mechanical dyssynchrony: Electrocardiography‐magnetic resonance imaging correlation
Authors: Ciuffo Luisa , Bruña Vanesa , Martínez‐Sellés Manuel , de Vasconcellos Henrique Doria , Tao Susumu , Zghaib Tarek , Nazarian Saman , Spragg David D. , Marine Joseph , Berger Ronald D. , Lima Joao A. C. , Calkins Hugh , Bayés‐de‐Luna Antonio , Ashikaga Hiroshi
Published: June 2020

Introduction

Advanced interatrial block (IAB) on a 12‐lead electrocardiogram (ECG) is a predictor of stroke, incident atrial fibrillation (AF), and AF recurrence after catheter ablation. The objective of this study was to determine which features of IAB structural remodeling is associated with left atrium (LA) magnetic resonance imaging structure and function.

Methods/Results

We included 152 consecutive patients (23% nonparoxysmal AF) who underwent preprocedural ECG and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) in sinus rhythm before catheter ablation of AF. IAB was defined as P‐wave duration ≥120 ms, and was considered partial if P‐wave was positive and advanced if P‐wave had a biphasic morphology in inferior leads. From cine CMR and late gadolinium enhancement, we derived LA maximum and minimum volume indices, strain, LA fibrosis, and LA dyssynchrony. A total of 77 patients (50.7% paroxysmal) had normal P‐wave, 52 (34.2%) partial IAB, and 23 (15.1%) advanced IAB. Patients with advanced IAB had significantly higher LA minimum volume index (25.7 vs 19.9 mL/m2, P = .010), more LA fibrosis (21.9% vs 13.1%, P = .020), and lower LA maximum strain rate (0.99 vs 1.18, P = .007) than those without. Advanced IAB was independently associated with LA (minimum [P = .032] and fibrosis [P = .009]). P‐wave duration was also independently associated with LA fibrosis (β = .33; P = .049) and LA mechanical dyssynchrony (β = 2.01; P = .007).

Conclusion

Advanced IAB is associated with larger LA volumes, lower emptying fraction, and more fibrosis. Longer P‐wave duration is also associated with more LA fibrosis and higher LA mechanical dyssynchrony.
Nocturnal hypertension in primary care patients with high office blood pressure: A regional study of the MAPAGE project
Authors: Zabawa Claire , Charra Clément , Waldner Anne , Morel Gilles , Zeller Marianne , Guilloteau Adrien , Mazalovic Katia
Published: June 2020

Nocturnal hypertension (NH) is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. We aimed to describe the frequency of NH among primary care hypertensive patients and to analyze NH determinants. This observational, cross‐sectional, multicenter study enrolled the patients of 23 general practitioners in Burgundy region, France. We included the first patient of the day with office blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg, whatever the reason for consultation. All included patients had 24‐hour ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM). Nocturnal hypertension was considered nighttime mean blood pressure ≥ 120/70 mm Hg, as per current guidelines. Medical, sociodemographic, and deprivation data were collected. Nocturnal hypertensive and non‐hypertensive patients were compared. The determinants of NH were identified using logistic regression models. From July 2015 to November 2018, 447 patients were analyzed. Mean office blood pressure was 158.6/91.5 mm Hg, and 255 patients (57.0%) were taking at least one antihypertensive drug. Among the 409 (91.5%) valid ABPM, 316 (77.3%) showed NH. In multivariate analyses, male sex (odds ratio [OR] = 2.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.29‐3.75), first office diastolic blood pressure >100 mm Hg (OR = 5.71, 95% CI 1.53‐21.40), and current smoking (OR = 5.91, 95% CI 2.11‐16.56) were independent predictors of NH. Obesity was associated with a reduced risk of NH (OR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.25‐0.75). No association was found between deprivation status or sociodemographic factors and NH. To conclude, NH was identified in more than three out of four patients with high office blood pressure. Male smokers with high diastolic blood pressure were most affected by NH. ABPM may improve hypertension management in these patients.
Yes‐associated protein promotes tumour necrosis factor α–treated cementoblast mineralization partly by inactivating NF‐κB pathway
Authors: Zhang Lu , Sun Hualing , Zhang Jing , Song Fangfang , Huang Liyuan , Cao Zhengguo , Huang Cui
Published: June 2020

Cementum regeneration, as one of the most difficult challenges of periodontal regeneration, is influenced by inflammatory factors. Inflammation may hamper or promote periodontal tissue repair under different circumstances, as it is found to do in dentin‐pulp complex and bone tissue. Our team demonstrated that YAP promotes mineralization of OCCM, a cementoblast cell line. However, the effect of YAP on its mineralization under inflammatory microenvironment is unclear. In this study, cementogenesis in vitro was up‐regulated after transient TNF‐α treatment for 30 minutes. YAP expression also was increased by TNF‐α treatment. YAP overexpression promoted OCCM mineralization after the cells were transiently treated with TNF‐α because YAP overexpression inhibited NF‐κB pathway activity, while YAP knockdown elevated it. The inhibited mineralization potential and activated NF‐κB pathway activity by YAP knockdown also were partly rescued by the application of the NF‐κB inhibitor Bay 11‐7082. These results demonstrated that YAP plays a positive role in the mineralization of TNF‐α transiently treated cementoblast, partly by inhibiting the NF‐κB pathway activity.
MeCP2 inhibits proliferation and migration of breast cancer via suppression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Jiang Wei , Liang Yan‐Ling , Liu Yang , Chen Yu‐Yan , Yang Shu‐Ting , Li Bi‐Rong , Yu Ying‐Xian , Lyu Yansi , Wang Rikang
Published: June 2020

Methyl‐CpG‐binding protein 2 (MeCP2) is an important epigenetic regulator for normal neuronal maturation and brain glial cell function. Additionally, MeCP2 is also involved in a variety of cancers, such as breast, prostate, lung, liver and colorectal. However, whether MeCP2 contributes to the progression of breast cancer remains unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of MeCP2 in cell proliferation, migration and invasion in vitro. We found that knockdown of MeCP2 inhibited expression of epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related markers in breast cancer cell lines. In conclusion, our study suggests that MeCP2 inhibits proliferation and invasion through suppression of the EMT pathway in breast cancer.
Comparison of two different periodontal risk assessment methods with regard to their agreement: Periodontal risk assessment versus periodontal risk calculator
Authors: Petsos Hari , Arendt Susanne , Eickholz Peter , Nickles Katrin , Dannewitz Bettina
Published: June 2020

Aim

To evaluate the level of agreement between the periodontal risk assessment (PRA) and the periodontal risk calculator (PRC).

Materials and methods

Periodontal risk was retrospectively assessed among 50 patients using PRA and PRC. Both methods were modified. PRA by assessing probing pocket depths and bleeding on probing at four (PRA4) and six (PRA6) sites per tooth, PRC by permanently marking or unmarking the dichotomously selectable factors “irregular recall,” “oral hygiene in need of improvement” and “completed scaling and root planing” for PRC. Agreement between PRA and PRCred (summarized risk categories) was determined using weighted kappa.

Results

Fifty patients enrolled in periodontal maintenance (48% female, age: 63.8 ± 11.2 years) participated. PRA4 and PRA6 matched in 32 (64%) patients (κ‐coefficient = 0.48, p < .001). There was 100% agreement between both PRC versions. There was minimal agreement of PRA6 and PRCred (66%, 28% one different category, 6% two different categories; κ‐coefficient = 0.34; p = .001). PRA4 and PRCred did not match (60% agreement, 34% one different category, 6% two different categories; κ‐coefficient = 0.23; p = .13). For the SPT diagnosis of severe periodontitis, PRA6 and PRCred agreed weakly (κ‐coefficient = 0.44; p = .004).

Conclusion

PRA and PRC showed a minimal agreement. Specific disease severity may result in improved agreement.
Effects of adjunctive probiotic L. reuteri lozenges on S/RSD outcomes at molar sites with deep pockets
Authors: Pelekos Georgios , Acharya Aneesha , Eiji Nemoto , Hong Guang , Leung Wai Keung , McGrath Colman
Published: June 2020

Aim

To evaluate effects of probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) lozenges as an S/RSD adjunct on site‐level changes at molars with deep pockets.

Materials and methods

447 molar sites with pockets ≥ 5 mm from a previous randomized clinical trial of adjunctive L. reuteri lozenges for 28 days were analyzed. Multilevel mixed‐effect models (MLM) were constructed to analyze site‐level outcomes “change in CAL” and “pocket closure” (residual PPD < 5 mm) in placebo and probiotic groups at 90 and 180 days. Possible patient‐, tooth‐, and site‐level predictors were analyzed as fixed‐effects.

Results

Estimated change in CAL in probiotic (90 day: 0.87 mm, 180 day: 0.68 mm) was greater than placebo treated molar sites (90 day: 0.73 mm, 180 day: 0.66 mm) and the relative risk (RR) of pocket closure in the probiotic group (90 day: 1.7, 180 day: 1.6) was higher as compared to placebo. Furcation involvement and BOP at site predicted significantly worse treatment outcomes.

Conclusion

As compared to S/RSD with placebo, a 28‐day course of adjunctive probiotic L. reuteri lozenges improved CAL change at molar sites with ≥ 5 mm deep pockets and conferred a higher probability of shallow residual pocket depth. Presence of furcation‐involvement and bleeding on probing worsened treatment outcomes.
Development of primary cell culture from spleen of giant gourami Osphronemus goramy for propagation of giant gourami iridovirus (GGIV)
Authors: Gardenia Lila , Sukenda Sukenda , Junior Muhammad Zairin , Lusiastuti Angela , Alimuddin Alimuddin
Published: June 2020

The severe mortality of fish due to the infection of megalocytivirus caused significant economic losses. Since 2011, megalocytivirus (giant gourami iridovirus (GGIV)) has become the main pathogen in giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy), particularly in West Java, Central Java and Bali. This study aimed to develop primary cell culture from spleen as the target organ for propagating megalocytivirus in vitro, which was developed by explant method with enzymatic dissociation. Optimization was carried out at incubation temperature, medium and serum concentrations. The origin of the primary cell, cell susceptibility and GGIV pathogenicity were observed. The results showed that the primary cell (GP cells) can grow well in 10% foetal bovine serum L‐15 medium at 27°C, which was sufficient for cell growth. PCR and BLAST analyses showed the primary cell was originated from giant gourami. In infected GP cells, cell enlargement and cell rounding were observed. Virus propagated in GP cells was highly virulent when injecting giant gourami in an artificial infection experiment. Intraperitoneal injection of diluted virus supernatant showed 100% mortality in 7–11 days post‐injection and 97% mortality in 21 days post‐cohabitation, with abnormalities observed in spleen and kidney. In conclusion, GP cell was successfully subcultured for more than 30 passages and susceptible to GGIV.
Diagnosis of Guillain‐Barré syndrome and validation of the Brighton criteria in Malaysia
Authors: Tan Cheng‐Yin , Razali Siti Nur Omaira , Goh Khean‐Jin , Shahrizaila Nortina
Published: June 2020

We aimed to evaluate the key diagnostic features of Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) in Malaysian patients and validate the Brighton criteria. This was a retrospective study of patients presenting with GBS and Miller Fisher syndrome (MFS) between 2010 and 2019. The sensitivity of the Brighton criteria was evaluated. A total of 128 patients (95 GBS, 33 MFS) were included. In the GBS cohort, 92 (97%) patients presented with symmetrical limb weakness. Reflexes were depressed or absent in 90 (95%) patients. Almost all patients (94, 99%) followed a monophasic disease course, with 5 (5%) patients experiencing treatment‐related fluctuations. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) albuminocytological dissociation was seen in 62/84 (73%) patients. Nerve conduction study (NCS) revealed neuropathy in 90/94 (96%) patients. In GBS patients with complete dataset (84), 56 (67%) patients reached level 1 of the Brighton criteria, 21 (25%) reached level 2, 3 (4%) reached level 3, and 4 (5%) reached level 4. In MFS, the clinical triad was present in 25 (76%) patients. All patients had a monophasic course. CSF albuminocytological dissociation was present in 10/25 (40%) patients. NCS was normal or showed sensory neuropathy in 25/33 (76%) patients. In MFS patients with complete dataset (25), 5 (20%) patients reached level 1 of the Brighton criteria, 14 (56%) reached level 2, 2 (8%) reached level 3, and 4 (16%) reached level 4. Inclusion of antiganglioside antibodies improved the sensitivity of the Brighton criteria in both cohorts. In the Malaysian cohort, the Brighton criteria showed a moderate to high sensitivity in reaching the highest diagnostic certainty of GBS, but the sensitivity was lower in MFS.
Follicle stimulating hormone, its association with glucose and lipid metabolism during the menopausal transition
Authors: Wang Xue , Zhang Hongyan , Chen Yijie , Du Yini , Jin Xuejing , Zhang Zhifen
Published: June 2020

Aim

Accumulative evidence shows that follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is associated with metabolic disorders. We aimed to ascertain the relationship between FSH, blood glucose and lipid metabolism in general perimenopausal women.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study analyzed 2121 perimenopausal women aged 40–54 years in Zhejiang Province from January 2016 to December 2018. Regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between FSH and metabolic parameters.

Results

Serum FSH had a significant inverse association with fasting plasma glucose (P < 0.05) and triglycerides (TG) (P < 0.01) in perimenopausal women. However, after adjusting for body mass index, there was no significant association between FSH and fasting plasma glucose. In a model fully adjusted for demographic variables, estradiol, body mass index, high‐density lipoprotein, low‐density lipoprotein, homocysteine, systolic blood pressure and blood viscosity, a significant association still existed between FSH and TG (standardized β = −0.095; R2 = 0.155; P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Overall, FSH is negatively associated with metabolic parameters, especially TG, in perimenopausal women. These results indicated that FSH might be a biomarker for the primary prevention of disorders with lipid metabolism during the menopausal period.