bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Erosion Resistance of TiB2 Particla Reinforced Metal Matrix Composite Coating
Authors: Fan Jian Jun , Song Yun Jing , Li Zhuo Xin
Published: October 2014

There are relevant reports on preparing TiB2 particle reinforced metal matrix composite (MMC) anti-wearing coating by plasma spraying and HVOF spraying methods successfully. The research uses electric arc spraying with low cost and convenient operation to prepare four TiB2 particle reinforced composite coatings with high bonding strength and uniform microstructure. It makes comparative study on elevated temperature erosion actions of coating and 45CT of electric arc spraying. The results indicate the coating has excellent erosion wearing resistance. TiB2 particles in M-TiB2 coating have small size, have good unity with metallic matrix, and are distributed on metallic matrix with high hardness relatively uniformly, and porosity of coating is low. Such MMC coating microstructure feature avoids micro-cutting of coating effectively, and reduces plastic deformation and material transfer of wearing surface. The coating has excellent erosion resistance.
Harvesting of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)-Degrading Bacteria by Magnetic Flocculation
Authors: Wang Xin Xin , Wu Liang , Zhou Ping , Li Chen , Zhao Li Bin , An Wei , Chen Yu
Published: October 2014

Magnetic flocculation was reported to be efficient to harvest microalgae. However, little is known about the recovery of PAHs-degrading bacteria from the culture by magnetic flocculation.Advenella kashmirensisstrain w13003, a PAHs-degrading bacterium, was harvested by magnetic flocculation using magnetite and polyferric sulphate (PFS) as flocculants. The results showed the treatment with magnetite and PFS showed high concentration factor with flocculation efficiency near 100%, which suggest magnetic flocculation could result in a high concentration factor without significantly loss of PAHs-degrading bacteria. This is the first report about the recovery of PAHs-degrading bacteria by magnetic flocculation, which suggest its potential in bacterial harvesting.
Adsorption of Bisphenol A from the Solution by β-Cyclodextrin Modified TiO2
Authors: Guo Li , Yu Ji Ping , Li Xiao Li , Ding Wen
Published: October 2014

TiO2nanoparticles were modified by β-cyclodextrin with crosslinking agent and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and infrared spectrum (IR spectrum). The X-ray diffraction examination showed that the crystal pattern of TiO2was not changed because of low-temperature during modification process. Analysis of IR spectrum showed that β-cyclodextrin was supported on surface of TiO2nanoparticles. The adsorption control experiment indicated β-cyclodextrin modification methods strongly enhanced adsorption capacity of TiO2for bisphenols A(BPA), because β-cyclodextrin which was on surface of nanoparticles increased the adsorption active sites of TiO2.
Effect of ZnO Nanoparticles on Medicago sativa at the Germination Stage
Authors: Wang Xin Xin , Wu Liang , Zhou Ping , Li Chen , Zhao Li Bin , An Wei , Chen Yu
Published: October 2014

Phytotoxicity of manufactured nanoparticles in plants has received increasing attention. However, little information is available regarding the sensitive factor ofMedicago sativaexposed to ZnO nanoparticles. The results showed ZnO nanoparticles had clearly effect on shoot length, shoot weight, shoot diameter, root/shoot ratio, root length, root weight, root diameter, root activity and mitotic index ofMedicago sativa. Only root activity increased with the increasing concentration of ZnO nanoparticles. Principal component analysis showed root activity had a maximum absolute value in the first principal component, which indicated root activity was the key factor contributed to the variance. Therefore, root activity ofMedicago sativamay serve as potential biomarker to indicate the pollution of ZnO nanoparticles.
Design and Drop Test of Aircraft Landing Gear’s Shock Absorber Based on Magnetorheological Damper
Authors: Liu Xiao Chuan , Zhu Shi Xing , Yang Yong Gang
Published: October 2014

The structure of a shock absorber based on magnetorheological (MR) damper with a metering pin is proposed, and structure of the magnetic circuit of MR damper is optimized. By drop tests, the damping characteristics of the shock absorber and damping effect are tested. The experimental results show that the shock absorber has the characteristic of a wide damping force adjustment range and lower energy dissipation. The maximum vertical load and shock absorber piston displacement can be changed at same drop height by changing the current. It has also been proved that shock absorber based on MR damper is better than conventional oleo-pneumatic shock absorber on adjustment of damping force.
Performance Improvement of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells by Using a Novel Operation Mode
Authors: Wang Guo Hui , Fan Zhi Wei , Wang Yi Ran , Hou Yi , Chen Zhe , Liu Li Feng , Kang Jin Feng
Published: October 2014

A novel operation mode is proposed to enhance the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) by applying an external bias on the back electrode. The measured data shows that the photovoltaic conversion efficiency and open circuit voltage of DSSC are significantly improved by more than 38.8% and 5.8% under the stimulated AM 1.5 sunlight by using the biased operation mode compared to the conventional operation mode without an external bias applied. The improved photovoltaic performance could be attributed to the suppressed back reaction from the recombination between the photoelectrons produced from dyes and the I3- ions in electrolyte under the novel operation mode.
Outdoor Mobile Robot Navigation System Based on BCI and Dual Laser Radar
Authors: Meng Li Xia , Sun Fu Chun , Bin Guang Yu , Li Hong Bo
Published: October 2014

A machine intelligence assistant BCI fusion navigation method of an outdoor mobile robot is put forward in view of the problem of BCI’s low signal-to-noise ratio, bad accuracy and long time delay. A vehicle navigation system based on BCI and dual laser radar is designed and implemented. First, improved angle potential field method based on dual laser radar is used for local path planning, then with navigation intention from BCI system, control commands are generated by fusion decision and used for driving a electric vehicle with modified mechanical system. Experiments show that the system can realize intelligent obstacle avoidance and human-machine collaborative navigation based on environmental obstacle information and brain machine interface control intention and it has higher accuracy, fault tolerance and robustness
Process Parameters Optimization of Plasma Spraying Nanostructured Coating Based on Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Yang Bin
Published: October 2014

Process parameters of plasma spraying nanostructured Al2O3-13%TiO2 (mass fraction) coating were optimized based on particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. BP neural network was applied to compute fitness of PSO algorithm. A BP neural network model was built. Process parameters of coating were optimized based on PSO algorithm. The results shown that maximal bonding strength was 33.08MPa. Process parameters of plasma spraying nanostructured Al2O3-13%TiO2 (mass fraction) coating were obtained. The results were superior to design of orthogonal optimization. It provided definite reference for selecting the best process parameters of plasma spraying nanostructured Al2O3-13%TiO2 (mass fraction) coating.
Feature Extraction Method for Network Intrusion Detection Based on RS-KPCA
Authors: Wang Fang Nian , Wang Shen Shen , Bai Yun , Che Wan Fang
Published: October 2014

For the complexity and nonlinearity of the input characteristics in network intrusion detection system, a feature extraction method for network intrusion detection based on RS-KPCA is studied. Firstly, the Rough Set (RS) theory is used to select the valuable features, while the unnecessary features are removed. Then, the features of the intrusion detection sample data are extracted by the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) algorithm. The number of new features is determined by the cumulative contribution rate. Simulation results show that this method can effectively remove the interference features, and has the advantages of obvious principal component feature and concentrated contribution rate, compared with PCA. Overall, the proposed method can effectively integrate the nonlinear features of the original data, reduce the dimension, and improve the intrusion detection performance.
Rigid Medical Image Registration Based on Genetic Algorithms and Mutual Information
Authors: Wei Wei , Liu Liang , Hu Zhong Qin , Zhou Yu Jing
Published: October 2014

With the variety of medical imaging equipment’s application in the medical process,medical image registration becomes particularly important in the field of medical image processing,which has important clinical diagnostic and therapeutic value. This article describes the matrix conversion method of the rigid registration model, the basic concepts and principles of the mutual information algorithm ,the basic idea of genetic algorithms and algorithm’s flow , and the application of the improved genetic algorithms in practice. The rigid registration of two CT brain bones images uses mutual information as a similarity measure, genetic algorithm as the search strategy and matlab as programming environment. Using the three-point crossover technique to exchange the three parameters in the rigid transformation repeectively to produce new individuals, the genetic algorithm’s local search ability enhanced and the prematurity phenomenon can be reduced through the depth study of the basic genetic algorithm. The experiments show that the registration has high stability and accuracy.
Study on Cable Forces in Cable-Stayed Bridges Based on Forward Simulation Method
Authors: Tian Chuan , Dong Jun , Liang Tian
Published: October 2014

According to cable tension calculation of cable-stayed bridge on construction, and combining with the example of Xinzao Pearl River Grand Bridge, this work proposes forward-calculation method to analyze cable tension force on construction and establishes geometric calculation simulation model to compare measured cable tension with theoretical cable tension. This paper introduces some kinds of methods calculating cable tension force on construction. It importantly discusses the principle and method of forward-calculation and the practical application in the actual project. Spacial finite element model is established for analysis based on finite element software MIDAS and the application of forward-analysis iterative method is considered to analyze the cable tension on construction , then the method of determining cable force on construction is explored. Finally the result shows that the cable tension based on forward-calculation method is usually accurate, the measured value is approximately equal to the theoretical value and the error is in the extent permitted. The correctness and reliability of the frequency method is effectively confirmed and the cable tension calculation of the similar bridge on construction is compatibly applied.
Load Bearing Capacity Tests of Mechanical Joining on Timber-Concrete Beam
Authors: Agel Petr , Lokaj Antonin
Published: October 2014

Timber-concrete composite structures, which use advantages of both materials, are suitable for new works and reconstructions of civil and residential buildings. There are described many methods of joining between timber beam and concrete slab in technical literature. Joints are more and more sophisticated which brings higher demands on work control and technology. Main goal of the paper is in design technologically low demanding method of joining with steel plates and nails, to test its shear strength and to compare it with other similar joining .
Reinforced Round Timber Bolted Joints under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Lokaj Antonín , Klajmonová Kristýna
Published: October 2014

Aim of this article is in presentation of results of dynamic tests of reinforced round timber bolted connections with slotted – in steel plates. Multicyclic dynamic (fatigue) tests in tension were made with round timber joints on pulsator. Results of laboratory tests have been statistically evaluated and completed with graphical records of carrying capacity of connections in tension corresponding to number of loading cycles.
Dynamic Experimental Analysis of a Steel Bridge
Authors: Fojtík Roman , Novotný Tomáš , Skotnicova Iveta , Stolárik Martin , Zdražilová Naďa , Pinka Miroslav
Published: October 2014

The paper deals with both the theoretical aspects and the practical experience with temporary steel bridge dynamic analysis. Since the moment people built the first bridge it became necessary to replace it in case of natural disasters like wind storms, floods, earthquakes, tsunami or wars and terrorist attacks. As a construction of a stable bridge lasts for a long time, the solution is a temporary bridge - a steel bridge structure designed especially for fast and repeated assembly and disassembly. The paper presents experimental analysis of steel bridge dynamic properties. The experimentally measured results are compared to theoretically calculated ones. Besides frequency analysis of supporting structure, the noise of the bridge during car passes is also measured and analyzed as nowadays traffic noise becomes a more and more important aspect, especially in case of temporary bridges. The bridge measurements are repeated for a clear bridge and for a bridge with anti-vibration mats attached to compare the arrangement results in decrease of traffic noise and the dynamic load of the bridge.
Finite Element Analyses of Aghjots Monastery Taking into Account Seismic Action
Authors: Karapetyan Lusine
Published: October 2014

Aghjots Monastery was built in IX - XIII centuries within the Khosrov State Reserve in Armenia. It takes a vantage point in the slope and is featured with beauty and unique carvings. Aghjots Monastery consists of the Saint Stephan church, which is the cruciform inscribed in a rectangle externally rectangular church with a cruciform interior, a single apse and four corner - chambers (two-story side-chapels in each corner), the church of Saints Peter and Paul, is the single naved hall-type church with no freestanding pillars and no dome and a gavit adjacent [1,2]. Aghjots Monastery experienced some strong earthquakes which resulted in its almost complete destruction. This article presents a description of the existing state of the Aghjots monastery and importance of the detailing geometrical survey, decay and material mapping. Stress-strain state of main church at seismic action including dynamic behavior of Saint Stephan church is considered in the article. The bearing system is modeled by using shell finite elements by software based on finite element methods. This proves to be an important feature to understand the damage mechanisms, solve the conservation and reconstruction problems.
Finite Element Analysis of the Seismic Behaviors on Web-Bolted Connected of Replaceable Shear Links for Eccentrically Braced Steel Frame
Authors: Zhao Chi Yun , Gong Kai
Published: October 2014

In the current design of the traditional eccentrically braced steel frame systems, the link is a portion of the floor beam. The link damages because of absorbing energy firstly during an earthquake, therefore, the ability to repair the floor beam is very different, disruptive and costly and may affect the normal use of buildings because of the long repairing time. In addition, it is difficult to assess the extent of its damage, so we don't know whether the structure can survive under another earthquake. To solve these drawbacks, on the basis of this traditional eccentrically braced steel frame, the paper proposed a concept of the replaceable shear link which consisting of two channel sections bolted on either side of the web of the connecting floor beam (which called the new replaceable shear link thereinafter). The advantages and working mechanism of the new replaceable shear link were introduced in this paper, energy dissipations of the replaceable shear link and hysteretic behaviors of the eccentrically braced steel frame with replaceable shear links were analyzed under the cyclic loading by the finite element analysis software of ABAQUS. From the results of the analysis we can see, the new replaceable shear link has good seismic performance and deformation performance.
Investigation on Optimization of Cable Tension for Extradosed Cable-Stayed Bridge under the Rational Completion Stage
Authors: Dong Jun , Liang Tian , Feng Jiang Xiao
Published: October 2014

The extradosed cable-stayed bridge is a new type of bridge developed in recent year. The main girder bears most of the load with its great stiffness, while the cable tension can improve the force state of the girder. So it is really necessary to optimize the cable force to determine the internal force of extradosed cable-stayed bridge under the rational completion state. But the optimization methods commonly used are based on the cable-stayed bridge and not entirely suit for the extradosed cable-stayed bridge. The paper puts forward a new optimization method, which includes applying the unknown coefficient functions aided by MIDAS/CIVIL, taking the reasonable feasible range of dead moment solved by stress balanced method as the constraint condition, making the square of unknown coefficients as objective function, and solving the cable force based on the effect matrix method thus to determine the cable force in reasonably completion state. This new method is verified with favorable effect, the internal force of this structure appear significant improvement. And finally, the results show better cable force obtained under the method in this paper compared with the cable force under other constraint conditions and objective functions.
Reinforcement of Prefabricate Concrete Beams with Basalt-Epoxy Bars
Authors: Rajczyk Marlena , Stachecki Bartłomiej
Published: October 2014

The article presents a way of reinforcing concrete beams with innovative composite materials in the form of basaltic-epoxy bars. Considering the carrying the element out in the technology of the prefabrication, the main assumptions and aims of the method and economic conditioning were described. Examples of domestic, modern engineering objects made in the prefabricated structure were expressed. The particular attention was devoted to the issue of the cover of the composite reinforcement conditioning the permanence of the ready element. In the part of the article devoted to the numerical analysis of the new construction, is characterized the most important mechanical and physical parameters of used composite bars and presented the assumptions of the method of the numerical modeling of beams subjected to clean bending. For the optimum evaluation of the element a research set was prepared in the form of the reinforced beam by composite bars, and another one by steel rods and concrete beam without the reinforcement - enabling evaluation of the correctness of the method. The analysis is opening the doors for the more accurately research on the usefulness of the composite reinforcement of the concrete prefabrication to the modern construction.
Experiences with Building a Floating Barge
Authors: Głowacki Mateusz , Halbiniak Mateusz , Rajczyk Paweł , Sroka Paulina
Published: October 2014

In 2013/2014 a team of students at the Technical University of Częstochowa who are working on one of several thematic projects entitled: “Constructing a concrete floating barge” which is carried out under the auspices of the scientific circle “Invenit” at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, Technical University of Częstochowa, have taken up the challenge to build a concrete barge reinforced with basalt bars
Shrinkage of Industrial Concrete Floors
Authors: Zizka Lukas , Vackova Lucie , Spas Ludek
Published: October 2014

The paper deals with issues connected to shrinkage of industrial concrete floors and the consequent formation of cracks within the structure, since it handles about an undesirable effect. A huge number of cracks may cause serious defects and faults. The beginnings of the paper do summarise the theoretical background of volumetric changes, discusses their types and explains the possible methodologies for their measurements, the major objective of which is focused on the determination of the amount of cracks. Inside of the experimental part three samples are monitored with respect to shrinkage. The measurements are done with the utilisation of a shrinkage drain and are carried out for a time interval of 12 hours, whereas the structure moves the most under this particular time period.
In the last chapters it comes to an evaluation of the results. This includes a comparison of obtained data against normative requirements dealing with shrinkage, and a subsequent a comparison of samples, since the observations are done under the exact same boundary conditions
Influence of Electrical Power Lines on Acoustic Properties of Partition Constructions
Authors: Winkler Jiří , Kubečková Darja , Zdražilová Naďa , Oravec Pavel
Published: October 2014

This paper deals with the issue of airborne sound insulation of partition wall in wooden house. Wood and wood-based constructions are very specific in terms of acoustic due to the low surface density of their elements. Built-in installations and side-ways of spread of noise negatively affect damping properties of the wall. This article contains also a proposal of structural measures to ensure better acoustic resistance of the separating elements.
Structure Detection and Evaluation of the Highway Tunnel
Authors: Zhu Chun Jie , Liu Fei , Dong Jun
Published: October 2014

Combined with a highway tunnel testing and assessment, through the discussing of technical problems existed in tunnel’s quality detecting by the using of geology radar, using gist of geology radar in tunnel’s quality detecting is grasped, the key technologies of survey line layout, acquisition parameters setting and on-site test in the process of geological radar application are concluded. Relying on the field test data, lining thickness and dense degree of the left and right of spandrel and arch crown being in the safe use of phase are more deeply researched. The studies show that geological radar detection technology for tunnel nondestructive testing and evaluation is a kind of effective method, correlation detection technique and analysis method has some reference value to the similar tunnel structure.
Analysis of Load of the Tunnel Definitive Lining due to Vibrations of Various Sources
Authors: Stolárik Martin , Pinka Miroslav , Maršálek Jan
Published: October 2014

The development of railways brought a great era of tunnel construction in the 19thcentury. One of the greatest obstacles for the railway between Bohumín and Žilina was the Jablunkov Pass. In 1869 the excavation of the first Jablunkov Tunnel started. In 1914 the second one came. However in the era of modern railway corridors these tunnels are no longer satisfactory, so a process of their modernisation was launched. Eventually the second tunnel was re-bored as a two-track tunnel. In 2007 the construction started, but in 2009 an exceptional event occurred, which significantly delayed the whole construction work. During the subsequent clearing of the cave-in a part of the tunnel from the northern portal remained in its definitive lining. Another part was temporarily secured with a concrete plug, while the original primary lining was reinforced with a railway bridge pier (PIŽMO). To get through the caved-in section and the concrete plug it was necessary to deploy blasting too. This created an opportunity to perform a unique experimental measurement of the impact of vibrations on the definitive lining from various sources (blasting and hydraulic demolition hammer). The generated vibrations might negatively affect the already finished definitive lining. All measurements were performed in amplitude and frequency area and the results were drawn as attenuation curves corresponding to the propagation of vibrations through the definitive lining construction.
Temperature Monitoring on the Final Tunnel Lining
Authors: Duris Lukáš , Aldorf Josef , Géryk Jiří
Published: October 2014

Modern tunnel structures are presently implemented primarily by conventional excavation, using the New Austrian Tunneling Method. Two linings are usually used to support the excavated area. The primary tunnel lining serves for consolidation of the extracting during tunneling and the secondary tunnel lining ensures the safe use of the structure during its life time. The design and evaluation of the tunnel lining is a comprehensive process that involves a lot of input conditions. We are not always able to define these inputs exactly. In order to specify the amount of secondary lining load, we must know not only the load by the rock but also e.g. the hydrostatic load and deformation behavior of concrete during its aging. The lining is also influenced by local climatic conditions. It is necessary to include effects of various temperatures on the lining in our design. The measurements carried out in the already completed structures serve us for a more exact determination of these temperatures. Based on the results from these measurements, we can determine the distribution of temperatures in the profile and the behavior of the construction versus the climate change more exactly. Monitoring the temperature development takes a long time. The specification of this behavior should lead to a material saving when new constructions are designed.
Influence of Plants on the CO2 Concentration in the Passive House
Authors: Šípková Veronika , Galda Zdenek , Labudek Jiri , Hibler David
Published: October 2014

The main point of this article is the analysis of the plants influence on the indoor microclimate duality in the passive house, above all the influence on the CO2 concentration. The measurements were made in the experimental passive house in the area of the Faculty of Civil Engineering, VSB – Technical University of Ostrava in the spring months. The volumes of CO2 were analyzed during the many nights, in the room always with two men. In the first was made the measurement without the plants and then during the next measurements were added plants into the referential room which change the CO2 onto oxygen. During the separate measurements were changed quantities of the green parts (of plants) where the photosynthesis change the CO2 onto O2. In the second measurement was the blade area approximately equal to body area of the bigger participant and in the third measurement was the blade area approximately equal to sum of the bodies of both participants of the experiment.
Nanostructured Metallic Coatings for Protection of Materials against Mould Attack
Authors: Pobol Igor , Gontcharova Inessa , Rajczyk Jaroslaw
Published: October 2014

To prevent materials from mould damage nanostructured metallic coatings were used. Silver, copper and titanium coatings were deposited on different materials. Deposition of metal from plasma flow, generated by vacuum-arc discharge, forms coating with highly dispersed polycrystalline structure. Average size of metal grains in copper or titanium coatings is ~10-15 nm, in silver coatings it reaches ~ 20-25 nm. Both paper and plastic materials with nanostructured metallic coatings showed high fungitoxicity unlike the same metal plates. The reason of that phenomenon may be that during oxygen chemisorption oxides of metals occur. Metals and their oxides formed coating with a highly polycrystalline structure and their fungi toxicity can vary.
Architectural Elements with Respect to the Energy Performance of Buildings
Authors: Ingeli Rastislav , Minarovičová Katarína , Čekon Miroslav
Published: October 2014

Buildings account for 40% of the primary energy use and 24%of the generation of green house gases worldwide. Therefore, a reduction of the specific energy demand of buildings and increased use of renewable energy are important measures of climate change mitigation. On the 18th of May 2010 a recast of the EPBD was approved which further clarifies the intention that buildings shall have a low energy demand. The recast of the EPBD specifies that by the end of 2020 all new buildings shall be “nearly zero-energy buildings”. A nearly zero-energy building is defined as a building with a very high energy performance and very simple shape. The current focusing on the energy efficiency of the building operation may lead to uniform cuboid architecture with heavy insulated building envelopes. The paper deals with the influence of energy concept on architectural elements (and their properties as shape, material, colour, texture etc.)
Geoecological Stability Disorder as a Result of Civil Construction of Yerevan
Authors: Shahinyan S.M.
Published: October 2014

In the period on 1982-2012 in the capital of Armenia there were done a lot of construction works. Because of civil construction activities geological layers of the ground are destroyed and the risk of seismic stability is increased. There were destroyed or concreted the ancient water tunnels which create unpredictable results for hydro geological activities of the city. Flood risks are increased because of there were blocked the entrances of artificial water chambers. In the result of concreting Getar River flowing through the center of the city there is decreased vertical air flood circulation in the city which causes air pollution increase in the city. Further satisfaction of public interests and implementation of state policy will cause future ecological disaster for the city.
GIS for Assesment of Management of Urban Environmental Situation
Authors: Shahinyan Samvel , Aleksanyan Taron
Published: October 2014

Here in the article is shown monitoring mode of ambient air in urban systems parameters, green masses on the negative impact of adverse effects of changes in the method of assessment for GIS monitoring of results based on the analysis , Landsat 5,7,8 satellite TM, ETM + sensors through the OLI the method is based on spectral sensing different physical domains through a combination of urban ecosystem , mainly heat and pollution in urban vegetation ( gardens , parks, walking areas , etc. ) change the volume and quality assessment. Here are presented monitoring and management theory ( virtual ) scheme critical analysis.
Context of the Growth of Microorganism on the External Composite Systems of Claddings of Panel Buildings
Authors: Kubečková Darja , Kukutschová Jana , Kučeriková Veronika , Doležalová Hana
Published: October 2014

In the last twenty years, the rapidly changing laws in the field of thermal engineering and energy and the resulting demands on buildings. As a side effect of this development is reflected microbial growth on the outer composite panel cladding, which contributes to the degradation of certain facades and increase the costs of remediation such impairment envelope. Papers aims do define the general context and the factors that affect microbial growth on external systems, composite cladding panel buildings, especially prefabricated buildings completed in the second of the last century.
The Biotic Attack on Frontage
Authors: Kučeriková Veronika , Kubečková Darja , Doležalová Hana , Kukutschová Jana
Published: October 2014

In the last decade we have been faced with a problem with biotic infestation on frontages in engineering practice. This phenomenon has been detected especially on a panel building on which additional contact thermal insulation is applied. The contribution is concentrated on the particular panel building of the series T0 6B-BTS from which samples of the external plaster were taken.
Environmental Aspects and Impacts Assessment in Deployment of Construction Equipment
Authors: Prokopčáková Katarína
Published: October 2014

Environment is becoming a significant development potential of a country and the effort dwells in minimizing the negative impacts affecting its quality. Researches show that in the branches of industry in the EU construction is the third largest polluter of the environment. Requirements of securing the environmental protection are more demanding when it comes to qualitative properties of construction materials, building machines, technological building processes, etc. Due to this it is necessary to derive from the confrontation of the current status with requirements of securing maximum effectiveness of the building production process at minimizing negative impacts on the environment.
Technological and Constructive Proposals on Sand Trap and Removal from Industrial and Domestic Waste Water
Authors: Shamyan Varuzhan Levon
Published: October 2014

Abstract: The studies on operating effectiveness of sand traps in partially acting facilities of the Yerevan Aeration Plant have shown that along the satisfactory clarification of silts (sand) of mineral origin at the facility bed materials of organic origin are also trapped causing sand traps failure their main function which is clearly separation of the two types of waste waters. In addition serious problems and difficulties arise also in the sand removal. Therefore, in this paper it is suggested both technological ( grounded reduction of the number of sand traps and including in the mechanical unit clarification plants equipped with bioflocculation chambers) and constructive (by substantially decreasing the length of sand traps) solutions. It also is suggested for the first time to apply a new technology designed to remove the sand from sand traps both in the above aeration plant and new industrial and domestic waste water clarification plants under engineering design.
Forecasting of Microclimate in the Course of Buildings Design and Reconstruction
Authors: Datsuk Tamara , Pukhkal Viktor , Ivlev U.
Published: October 2014

Quality of human living environment is determined by combination of factors which constitute indoor space thermal, light and acoustic conditions. At the stage of building design it is essential to undertake complex analysis allowing revealing quantitative values of the governing factors and forecasting their joint influence affecting indoor microclimate formation.
Factors Affecting the Attractiveness of the Area for Individual Housing
Authors: Vašíček Ondřej , Budina Martin , Nehudek Tomáš , Česelský Jan
Published: October 2014

In the literature, there are often terms such as quality of life, housing quality, attractive housing, but the concept of attractiveness of the area is not particularly mentioned. However, at present there is no comprehensive method for determining the amount of spatial standard housing in residential areas on the outskirts of habitats. This issue is addressed only from the perspective of one factor or sub-regional or national scale, however, assessment of the quality of housing facilities in these cities is on the sidelines for now. In the present article, there are the factors that undoubtedly greatly affect the lives of all people living in houses, especially in the hinterlands of cities. For the purpose of the solving problem was used a value analysis, comparative method and survey.
The Problem of Preservation of National Traditions in Modern Armenian Architecture
Authors: Gasparyan Marietta A. , Safaryan Yuri A.
Published: October 2014

One of the characteristic features of Armenian architecture is a logical, sustained process of development for thousands of years. In the past two centuries in a national architecture is a trend of active influence of the international styles, which, together with socio-economic, cultural, industrial and construction and design innovations contribute to changes in all areas of architectural and construction activities. At the same time the spectrum of traditional concepts based on regional factors are crystallized, including climate, landscape, building stone, functional and aesthetic priorities. The important role is played individual creative activity of galaxy of talented artists.
Numerical Analysis of Wooden Beams Reinforced with Aramid Ropes Exposed to Fire
Authors: Rajczyk Marlena , Jończyk Damian
Published: October 2014

Wood, because of its aesthetic values and favorable physical properties is a material commonly used in building engineering. While designing construction elements made of wood it is worth to focus on the fire exposure of such elements, as wood is a combustible material. In order to increase fire resistance of wooden beams it was suggested to insert aramid ropes in the lower part of the beam section. The article presents the numerical analysis of the beams made of glulam, reinforced with composite aramid ropes (AFRP) situated respectively in one and in two rows from the bottom of the beams and comparative beam which was unreinforced. In an analysis it was assumed that the beams were exposed to fire. The value of temperature of the beams while being exposed to fire was based on a fire curve ISO R834. The analysis was made on the basis of numerical models. Because of the changes in mechanical-physical properties of wood together with the increasing temperature, for the calculations there were used reduction factors included in Eurocode 5. On the basis of numerical calculations the positive influence of reinforcement of wooden beams with aramid ropes on their fire resistance was proven.
Open-Air Museums: Scenario Planning for the Future
Authors: Stepanyan Knarik
Published: October 2014

Open-air museums often referred to as unique and diverse heritage sites with a vast potential for innovation in interpretation and revenue generation. In Armenia this potential remained largely unfulfilled. Most archaeological sites in Armenia are in vast demand to be taken care of. Operated either by a level of government or by a large heritage organization open-air museums can be explored for generating additional income on-site in order to maintain appropriate standards of historical integrity and community value. The following opportunities may be used: as sites for movie sets or conference centers; providing accommodation, facility rentals and summer educational function, camp activities; benefit concerts; in case of business approach there may be cooperation with the local business involving it in the process of operation of restaurants, shops of souvenirs and their production. Commercial tours can also be considered as a means to improve economical perspective for open-air museums.
Geometric Analysis of the Truss above the Nave and Presbytery of the Roman-Catholic Church in Village Bela Dulice
Authors: Krušinský Peter , Capková Eva
Published: October 2014

The truss above the nave and presbytery was managed to date to the year 1409d and is one of the few well-preserved medieval structures in this region. This truss has a rafter structure with collar tie and lengthwise binding of the Central frame. At the time of the truss creation the geometry had an important significance, as evidenced by its position in the system of education, since it was a part of seven liberal arts. The part of seven liberal arts was Music and Musica Humana (the theory of proportions) as well, based mainly on Pythagorean theory of proportions. In the Middle Ages geometry substituted complicated static calculations by using the mutual geometric and harmonic spatial connections. The result of our research is the geometric analysis with logical dependencies and a description of a process in the truss design, pointing to evaluative relations came out from especially the Pythagorean Geometry. The typical main roof truss was analyzed and a central longitudinal frame truss as well. Our results point to the use of one of musical ratios: harmonic and irrational proportion. On the basis of the mutual interdependence of the transverse links and central geometrical frame stool we can determine the sequence of key points and reciprocal relationships. Key points create important intersections, which determine the location of the various elements and their mutual carpentry joints. The result is the knowledge of a geometric procedure of a static scheme medieval truss dependent on knowledge of harmonies and ratios.
Determination of Sediment Accumulation Volume and its Deposition in the Khachen Reservoir
Authors: Baljyan Pargev , Sedrakyan Sedrak , Manukyan Ani
Published: October 2014

The study of silts settling nature in reservoirs and assessment of their accumulation volume are of significant importence and have direct relation to the water balance, evaluation of the actual volume for the reservoir regulation, and effective use of water resources. The purpose of this work is determination of accumulated amount of sediments and their settling pattern along the Khachen reservoir in the Republic of Nagorno Karabagh on the basis of analytic and field study. During 2012-2013 a number of field studies have been carried out designed to elucidate conditions under which mud and silt carried by the river are formed, their volume, grain-size composition, and nature of their accumulation over 50 years of the Khachen reservoir operation. In the presented developments data on water and silt flows, actual coordinates of the Khachen reservoir bottom and the banks and grain fineness measurements have been used. The study results permit to arrive at the conclusion that comparison of analytic analysis and field measurements enables to reliably evaluate the Khachen reservoir sedimentation regime, to refine geometrical characteristics of the accumulated sediments and make scientific prognostication on the further change of usable storage of the reservoir and the life of the dam and power station.
Goodwill and Special Influences Affecting the Value of Real Estate
Authors: Kulil Vladimír
Published: October 2014

The subject matter of this thesis is a proposal for a method of valuation of special effects that will impact real estate prices. It deals with proposed procedures for valuation of intangible assets (goodwill), and definitions of such property. Special effects are in particular name, historical value, design, quality of layout, security aspects, accessibility, conflict groups of inhabitants in or near the property, location and other. The value of special effects can be calculated as the difference between market value and the material value of such property without coefficients of merchantability.
Design Problems of Fish Passes at Water Level Fluctuation at Upstream of Intake Structure
Authors: Samvelyan Arbak , Gabayan Grigor , Nurijanyan Sargis
Published: October 2014

During recent years small hydropower sector is being rapidly developed, especially in the mountainous countries with extensive network of small rivers. Investigation of many fish passes built on water intakes in some CIS countries, have shown that they usually do not work effectively. Normative documents regulating work of fish passes, usually developed for a constant water level in the upstream of intake structures. That is why even water level minor fluctuations at upstream, disrupt of hydraulic regime of the fish pass stream, which prevents the fish migration.
The article provides performance of fish passes at a constant velocity in the fish pass stream regardless of water level fluctuations in the upstream. For this purpose it is recommended to construct the walls of fish pass stream with a variable roughness. The equation derived, describing the dependence of the relative roughness of the walls of a rectangular stream from the water level in it. A calculation algorithm for the design of the fish pass provided.
The Problems of Preserving Zones of Monuments in Urban Structure and Natural Environment in Republic of Armenia
Authors: Khachikyan Lia
Published: October 2014

The artistic expressions, constructive techniques, national cultural values of monument buildings, their succession and maintenance problems are especially perceptible and appreciable when observed in their historical environment.Monuments can be observed in two main groups according to their location: natural and urban landscape groups. Naturally, landscape changes over years undergoing construction development and different natural or anthropogenic influences. Of course much more structural problems are notable in urban contexts, since they are much more susceptible to dynamic changes in urban environment.The above mentioned problems are various in Republic of Armenia (RA): as a result of spontaneous development and incorrect land use monuments often lose their vitally important natural environment, perspective and landscape silhouette.This article mainly deals with the structural and panoramic problems of landscape, emerged in the environments of monument buildings in RA. They have been studied by comparative analysis based on the examples of existing monuments both in urban structure and natural landscape.Based on photographical comparison, analysis of literature, software and metric gauging methods it will be possible to reveal the planning, climatic, anthropogenic negative, neutral and positive factors affecting the modification of protection zones of monuments in RA.As a result it becomes possible in particular situations to neutralize much of the existing negative factors. The study will give an opportunity to solve some problems of already modified environments or landscape continuous degradation by developing rehabilitation projects, providing new interesting solutions related to the aesthetic and technological aspects, as well as the materials that are being used.
Drinking and Waste Water Price Specificity Formation Process in the Republic of Armenia
Authors: Simonyan Armen
Published: October 2014

In the article represented specificity`s price formation process strength of technical activity hydro social cycle in the Republic of Armenia.Analysis of drinking water consumption is done with respect to three groups: standpoint of interest domestic farms, especially in industry and farmers.Industry included all subjects of services and products maker in economy, which is not included in domestic farms or agriculture fields. Appear from industry field include for example: nitrogenous factory, power generation company, banks holding, railways, hospitals and the others.Drinking water supply and waste water derivations services have six important technical directions in hydro social cycle: water intake, drinking water conditioning, drinking water distribution, waste water collecting, waste water reconditioning and derivations:Here are calculated unit cost, overhead and cross costs for each process fabrication, and corresponding its we create hypothetical named average unit cost, as well as average overhead and cross costs.In the article we analyse, that we can improve water supply options in the domestic farms, industry and agriculture fields.
Choosing a Diversification Strategy for the Production Process in a Construction Company
Authors: Rodionov Pavel , Frková Jana , Sojková Veronika
Published: October 2014

Lower levels of profitability in the production process and reduced demand have made it necessary for enterprises to diversify their activities and to extend the scope of their interests. In this article there is examined a model for evaluating the effectiveness of separate types of production activity insofar as they are the most preferable for enterprises in the construction sector. Also, there are presented experimental calculations and analyzed results for choices in the directions of diversifications.
Educational Process at the Faculty of Civil Engineering, VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, in the Context of Evolution of the Bologna Process
Authors: Jurčíková Lenka , Kološ Ivan
Published: October 2014

Magna Charta Universitatum in Bologna began the process of harmonisation among European universities, called Bologna Process, as early as January 1988. This process has been influencing also the education at the Faculty of Civil Engineering of VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava (FAST, VŠB – TU Ostrava).This paper is focused on the pedagogical activities pursued at FAST, VŠB – TU Ostrava from the very beginning, describing the evolution in the range of the study programmes and fields of study offered to students.