bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of cultural intelligence on SME performance
Authors: Kadam Raavee , Rao Srinivasa , Kareem Abdul Waheed , Jabeen Shazi Shah
Published: September 2019

Purpose

In environments characterized by high cultural diversity, the ability to understand the cultural makeup of the workforce and the environment would equip business owners with knowledge required to innovate, take risks and proactively change their business offerings. Drawing on the upper echelons theory and action-characteristics model of entrepreneurship, the purpose of this paper is to test how competencies of small business owners, namely, cultural intelligence (CQ) and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) contribute to the performance of their firms.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 106 small and medium enterprises (SMEs) from the UAE, the data were collected through structured questionnaires and analyzed using partial least squares–structural equations modeling.

Findings

Results showed that CQ of the SME owner has a positive effect on firm performance (FP) through the mediating role of EO. Also, CQ of the SME owner was found to have a direct effect on FP, thus asserting its importance as a valuable competency that SME owners need to cultivate when operating in a multicultural environment.

Practical implications

Skills of the top managers greatly influence the choices and decisions they make, which in turn impact the effectiveness of their organizations. This study focuses on the role of managerial competencies that need to be cultivated among SME owners that would contribute to the growth of their firms.

Originality/value

This research studies the role of an individual’s cross-cultural and entrepreneurial competencies that enable the organization to achieve higher performance.
Determinants of utilization and out-of-pocket payments for psychiatric healthcare in Iran
Authors: Homaie Rad Enayatollah , Amirbeik Leyla , Hajizadeh Mohammad , Yousefzadeh-Chabok Shahrokh , Mohtasham-Amiri Zahra , Rezaei Satar , Reihanian Anita
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Mental health is an inevitable and vital dimension when it comes to providing a global definition for the appropriate health status. This highlights the importance of investigating factors influencing utilization and out-of-pocket payments (OOP) for mental health services. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to assess the determinants of the utilization and OOP for psychiatric healthcare in Iran.

Design/methodology/approach

A total of 39,864 households were included in this cross-sectional study. Data on the utilization and OOP for psychiatric healthcare as well as all their determinants (e.g. wealth index of households, geographical area, household size, etc.) were extracted from the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES). The HIES was conducted by the Statistical Center of Iran in 2016. A zero-inflated Tobit model was used to identify the main factors affecting utilization and OOP for psychiatric healthcare utilization.

Findings

The average of utilization and OOP for psychiatric services was found to be 14.67 times per 1,000 households and $7.783 per month for service users, respectively. There were significant positive relationships between income and utilization (p=0.0002) and OOP (p<0.0001) for psychiatric services. Significant negative associations were found between the number of illiterate people in the household and OOP (coefficient=−1.56) and utilization (coefficient=−0.2002) for psychiatric services. Utilization and OOP for psychiatric services were statistically significantly higher among households with higher wealth status.

Originality/value

Despite the higher rate of mental disorders, the utilization of psychiatric services in Iran is very low. Due to financial barriers and insufficient insurance coverage, high socioeconomic status (SES) households utilize more psychiatric services than low-SES households. Thus, the integration of mental health services in public health programs is required to improve the utilization of psychiatric services in Iran.
Leadership development in health information management (HIM): literature review
Authors: Low Sarah , Butler-Henderson Kerryn , Nash Rosie , Abrams Kelly
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The health information management (HIM) profession lacks clarity around leadership and leadership development. To date, little empirical research exists on this topic, and it is unclear if broader approaches for healthcare leadership are suitable. This paper aims to explore which the leadership styles are relevant to the HIM profession. The findings were also used to inform a discussion on how HIM professionals could develop these leadership styles.

Design/methodology/approach

Through a systematic scoping literature review, deductive thematic analysis was undertaken to extrapolate common themes around this style of leadership based on transversal competency domains that reflect twenty-first century skills (i.e. critical thinking and innovation, interpersonal, intrapersonal and global citizenship) (Bernard, Watch and Ryan, 2016; UNESCO, 2015). This approach enabled the findings to be discussed from a leadership development perspective.

Findings

Analysis of the literature revealed that a relational leadership style through a team-based approach is required. Literature studies on how to develop leadership competencies were not found.

Research limitations/implications

Future policy and research implications include the need for research on transversal competencies to determine if they can shape HIM leadership development.

Practical implications

This leadership style and competencies proposed are relevant across many occupations and may have broader applications for leadership research, education and development.

Originality/value

This paper defines the style of leadership required in the HIM profession and identifies a succinct set of contemporary competencies to inform the development of this type of leadership.
Exploring medical leader identity and its formation
Authors: Maile Emily , McKimm Judy , Till Alex
Published: September 2019

Purpose

“Becoming” a doctor involves the acquisition of medical knowledge, skills and professional identity. Medical professional identity formation (MPIF) is complex, multi-factorial and closely linked to societal expectations, personal and social identity. Increasingly, doctors are required to engage in leadership/management involving significant identity shift. This paper aims to explore medical professional identity (MPI) and MPIF in relation to doctors as leaders. Selected identity theories are used to enrich the understanding of challenges facing doctors in leadership situations and two concepts are introduced: medical leader identity (MLI) and medical leader identity formation (MLIF) and consideration given to how they can be nurtured within medical practice.

Design/methodology/approach

A rapid conceptual review of relevant literature was carried out to identify a set of relevant concepts and theories that could be used to develop a new conceptual framework for MLI and MLIF.

Findings

MLIF is crucial for doctors to develop as medical leaders, and, like MPIF, the process begins before medical school with both identities influenced, shaped and challenged throughout doctors’ careers. Individuals require support in developing awareness that their identities are multiple, nested, interconnected and change over time.

Originality/value

This paper draws on concepts from wider literature on professional identity, in relation to how doctors might develop their MLI alongside their MPI. It offers a new perspective on MPI in the light of calls on doctors to “become and be healthcare leaders” and introduces the new concepts of MLI and MLIF.
Anytime, anywhere access to information resources: a case study from Kuwait
Authors: Buarki Hanadi Jumah , Dar Saleeq Ahmad
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to understand the pervasiveness of mobile devices in ubiquitous access of information. Moreover, the study tries to ascertain the growing demands of mobile devices in library settings.

Design/methodology/approach

A survey was administered to gain in-depth information regarding the use of mobile devices and their use in information access. Further, it investigated the general uses of mobile devices in day to day life. The survey also contained some questions aimed at obtaining more comprehensive information about the impediments faced by the students in library settings and the way out.

Findings

The study highlights the rapid growth of mobile device usage among students at the College of Basic Education, Public authority for Applied Education and Training, Kuwait, and indicates the urgent need of libraries to the embrace mobile web.

Originality/value

The use of mobile devices in comfort zones demands libraries to disseminate information anytime, anywhere. This study examines the academic library users’ insistence for such services and the competence of libraries to provide services “on the go”.
Shelf life assessment of natural antioxidant-treated milk smoothies stored under refrigeration at 4 ± 2°C
Authors: Kumar Brijesh , Singh Veer Pal , Pathak Vikas , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to assess the effect of natural antioxidants (Tulsi, Lemon grass and Aloevera) on sensory and microbiological quality as well as on Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of Redplum and Sahiwal-based milk smoothies stored under refrigeration.

Design/methodology/approach

The smoothies were developed by incorporating optimum level of natural antioxidants, fresh red plum and Sahiwal milk. They were aerobically packaged in low-density polyethylene pouches and stored under refrigeration (4 ± 2°C) till its spoilage. These smoothies were assessed for various storage quality parameters like sensory parameters, microbiological quality and TBA values at regular interval of two days.

Findings

Smoothies made without using natural antioxidants were in good condition for four days, and treated smoothies were stored well for six days. The microbial profile showed significant (p < 0.05) increase in SPC and psychrophilic counts on advancement of storage days. However, no coliform and yeast and mould were detected in all variants of smoothies during storage. TBA values were also increased during storage. But microbial counts and TBA both were under the prescribed limit as described by various organizations. Smoothies treated with Tulsi were found best followed by lemongrass- and aloevera-treated products.

Research limitations/implications

Amino acid and fatty acid profiling may be incorporated to known how the exact nutritional value.

Practical implications

Developed milk smoothies using natural antioxidants may serve the purpose of functional food.

Social implications

As per the authors, today, world is seeking for health providing components with longer product shelf life. Therefore, the product may serve the purpose.

Originality/value

The paper has demonstrated that the Sahiwal milk and red plum-based smoothies were of high acceptability. Their shelf life was found best when treated with Tulsi, Lemon grass and Aloevera natural antioxidants. It was better in all spectrums like lower microbial counts, higher sensory attributes and lower TBA counts as compared to untreated products.
Synthesis of nano-TiO2 coating systems for solar cell
Authors: Mohd Zaini Farah Khaleda , Balakrishnan Vengadaesvaran , Syafiq A. , Rahim Nasrudin Abd. , Pandey A.K. , Kasi Ramesh , Subramaniam Ramesh
Published: September 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to implement coating system by varying the amount of nano-sized titanium dioxide, (nano-TiO2) combined with various organic binders and to study the coating effects on the performance of solar cell in terms of temperature and efficiency.

Design/methodology/approach

Nano-TiO2 coatings are developed in two types of binder networks; the combination of methyltrimethoxy silane (MTMS) and nitric acid and the combination of 3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES) and MTMS. Overall, the formulations method was cost-effective, produces good transparency, clear and managed to dry at room temperature. The coating mixtures were applied onto the glass substrate by using the dip-coating method and the coated substrate were sent for several characterizations.

Findings

This study demonstrated that TiO2 nanoparticle coating in APTES/MTMS matrix showed a thermal-decreasing result on solar cells, where the cell temperature is reduced to 46.81°C (T2 coating type) from 55.74°C (without coating) after 1-h exposure under 1,000 W/m2 irradiance in a solar simulator. Contrary to prior works where solar cell coatings were reported to reduce the cell temperature at the expense of the cell efficiency, the results from this study reported an improved fill factor (FF) of solar cells. From the photovoltaic (PV) characteristics study, the FF for solar cells is increased by approximately 0.2, i.e. 33.3 per cent, for all coatings compared to the non-coated cell.

Research limitations/implications

Findings will be able to contribute in the development of temperature-reducing and efficiency-enhancing coating for PV panels.

Practical implications

A simple dip-coating method provides an even distribution of TiO2 nanoparticle coating on the glass panel, which is cost-effective and time-efficient to reduce the temperature of solar cell while maintaining its efficiency.

Originality/value

The ability of nano-TiO2 coatings with a simple fabrication method and the right solution to reduce the surface temperature of solar cells while improving the FF of the cells.
Document management practices in SMEs
Authors: Macías-Jiménez Mayra A. , Acosta-Fontalvo Luis Carlos , Jiménez-Barros Miguel A.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This research studied the current document management (DM) practices in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) of a road freight transport sector in a South American city with the aim to determine strengths and challenges for improving information management.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was conducted using a survey approach based on measuring information management capabilities (IMC) through the following main dimensions: perception about DM practices, DM policies and tools, IT usage, organizational climate, and problems related to document management.

Findings

The main results from the work stated the challenges for these companies in adopting electronic document management systems (EDMS) and handling information effectively even though the business experience. Also, the study highlighted the top management commitment in terms of investments for IMC development. Nevertheless, this economic support tends to be not enough to afford the EDMS implementation.

Originality/value

Regarding the importance of information in road freight transport sector, this paper explored DM practices in a field in which no previous studies related to DM had been conducted and set the basis to make decisions to improve information management performance.
Tourism carrying capacity research: a perspective article
Authors: Butler Richard William
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This paper aims to review research on carrying capacity over two periods and provide a future perspective.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is a brief review of literature and commentary.

Findings

A subject of potential major importance with significant implications has been relatively ignored by researchers over the past few decades.

Research limitations/implications

None directly, but discussion of implications if carrying capacity is not researched further.

Practical implications

Commentary on urgent need for research on a topic gaining a deal of attention through overtourism to provide development guidelines.

Social implications

Lack of limits on tourist numbers is causing significant social concern for residents of destinations who are protesting for action to limit numbers and impacts, as seen by concerns about overtourism.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this paper is a first review of carrying capacity in the tourism literature for several years.
Technology in tourism-from information communication technologies to eTourism and smart tourism towards ambient intelligence tourism: a perspective article
Authors: Buhalis Dimitrios
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Technology revolutionises the tourism industry and determines the strategy and competitiveness of tourism organisations and destinations. This paper aims to explore the transformational and disruptive nature of technology for tourism.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on systematic research.

Findings

Technology innovations bring the entire range of stakeholders together in tourism service ecosystems. Technology-empowered tourism experiences increasingly support travellers to co-create value throughout all stages of travel. Ambient Intelligence (AmI) Tourism (2020-future) is driven by a range of disruptive technologies. Inevitably smart environments transform industry structures, processes and practices, having disruptive impacts for service innovation, strategy, management, marketing and competitiveness of everybody involved.

Originality/value

The paper synthesises developments in technology for tourism and proposes a future perspective.
The role of political and economic institutions in informal entrepreneurship
Authors: Santos Eunice , Fernandes Cristina I. , Ferreira João J.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

There has been a diverse range of research on the factors enabling informal entrepreneurship as well as the means to avoid or to eradicate its incidence. However, the authors may also identify how a significant proportion of research on this field of study centres around developing economies and correspondingly justifying the application of such analysis to countries with different levels of economic development as is the case of Europe. The purpose of this paper is to depict the ways in which economic and political institutions influence informal entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

To this end, the authors apply aggregate data at the national level collected from different sources, in particular the World Bank, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor and Freedom House, for the years between 2006 and 2015 and for 23 European countries amounting to a total of 229 observations (unbalanced panel).

Findings

Through recourse to econometric estimations, based upon multiple regression model methodologies for panel data, the authors may report that the greater the quality of economic and political institutions, the lower the level of informal entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

The authors thus seek to contribute towards a better understanding of the influence of institutions and the policies that may feasibly influence informal entrepreneurship.
Direct and indirect effects of regional and local climatic factors on trophic interactions in the Arctic tundra
Authors: Juhasz Claire‐Cécile , Shipley Bill , Gauthier Gilles , Berteaux Dominique , Lecomte Nicolas
Published: September 2019

Climate change can impact ecosystems by reshaping the dynamics of resource exploitation for predators and their prey. Alterations of these pathways could be especially intense in ecosystems characterized by a simple trophic structure and rapid warming trends, such as in the Arctic. However, quantifying the multiple direct and indirect pathways through which climate change is likely to alter trophic interactions and their relative strength remains a challenge.

Here, we aim to identify direct and indirect causal mechanisms driven by climate affecting predator–prey interactions of species sharing a tundra food web.

We based our study on relationships between one Arctic predator (Arctic fox) and its two main prey – lemmings (preferred prey) and snow geese (alternate prey) – which are exposed to variable local and regional climatic factors across years. We used a combination of models mapping multiple causal links among key variables derived from a long‐term dataset (21 years).

We obtained several possible scenarios linking regional climate factors (Arctic oscillations) and local temperature and precipitation to the breeding of species. Our results suggest that both regional and local climate factors have direct and indirect impacts on the breeding of foxes and geese. Local climate showed a positive causal link with goose nesting success, while both regional and local climate displayed contrasted effects on the proportion of fox breeding. We found no impact of climate on lemming abundance. We observed positive relationships between lemming, fox and goose reproduction highlighting numerical and functional responses of fox to the variability of lemming abundance.

Our study measures causal links and strength of interactions in a food web, quantifying both numerical response of a predator and apparent interactions between its two main prey. These results improve our understanding of the complex effects of climate on predator–prey interactions and our capacity to anticipate food web response to ongoing climate change.
Low‐intensity management benefits solitary bees in olive groves
Authors: Martínez‐Núñez Carlos , Manzaneda Antonio J. , Isla Jorge , Tarifa Rubén , Calvo Gemma , Molina José L. , Salido Teresa , Ruiz Carlos , Gutiérrez José E. , Rey Pedro J.
Published: September 2019

One of the current challenges for applied ecologists is to understand how to manage/restore agroecosystems in a sustainable and cost‐effective way. The intermediate landscape complexity hypothesis (ILCH) predicts that the effectiveness of agri‐environmental measures (AES) on biodiversity and ecosystem services recovery is often largest in landscapes of intermediate complexity. This hypothesis has rarely been tested in savanna‐like permanent agroecosystems.

Focusing on pollinators, we test the ILCH at the regional scale in Mediterranean olive orchards, one of the most important permanent agroecosystems in the world. We inferred abundance of cavity‐nesting pollinators in 40 paired olive orchards (extensively vs. intensively managed herbaceous cover) in 20 localities selected across a landscape complexity gradient. We also studied how different magnitudes in local management switches may affect pollinators by considering organic and intensive fields as management extremes in olive orchards. We used 208 trap nests for solitary bees to measure colonization rates. Additionally, we conducted pollinator surveys to ascertain that colonization rate was a representative proxy for pollinator activity.

Our results showed that (a) changes in colonization rates due to local herb cover management peaked at intermediate landscape complexity, with extensively managed fields rendering higher colonization rates. (b) Organic fields had higher colonization rates than their control farms regardless of landscape complexity. (c) There was a highly significant correlation between nest colonization rates and density of pollinators foraging on flowers, which suggests that colonization rate is a good estimator of pollinator activity.

Policy implications. The maintenance of ground herb cover (main agri‐environmental measure in olive orchards) is a cost‐effective investment allowing recuperation of pollinators when targeting olive farms located in landscapes of intermediate complexity. Additionally, fostering organic farming (still minority in olive groves) for the conservation of solitary bees should be a priority for policymakers since its effects are beneficial in any landscape.
“Women of my age tend to drink”: the social construction of alcohol use by Australian and Danish women aged 50–70 years
Authors: Dare Julie , Wilkinson Celia , Traumer Line , Kusk Kathrine H. , McDermott Marie‐Louise , Uridge Lynsey , Grønkjær Mette
Published: September 2019

In Australia and Denmark, women aged 50–70 years are more likely than younger women to consume alcohol at levels that exceed national low risk drinking guidelines. To explore and possibly help explain this sociocultural shift in patterns of alcohol use, this research investigated the social construction of alcohol use amongst 49 women (25 in Northern Denmark, 24 in Western Australia) aged 50–69 years. The women viewed drinking as normal and acceptable. While some women reported reducing their drinking due to health concerns, others neutralised alcohol‐related health risks through compensatory behaviours including exercise. Such constructions arguably serve to sustain at‐risk drinking amongst some women. Our research highlights that interventions to minimise alcohol‐related health risks amongst middle‐aged and young‐old women should acknowledge that women's social construction of their drinking practices may prioritise subjective experiences of “being in control” while drinking, over biomedical understandings of the health impacts of alcohol.
Effect of Heat–Moisture Treatment on Physicochemical, Thermal, Morphological, and Structural Properties of Mechanically Activated Large A‐ and Small B‐Wheat Starch Granules
Authors: Hong Jing , Li Limin , Li Chaopeng , Liu Chong , Zheng Xueling , Bian Ke
Published: September 2019

The large and small granules of A‐starch (AS) and B‐starch (BS) were separated from wheat cultivar of ZM 22. It was modified by ball‐milling (BM) and heat–moisture treatment (HMT) was performed after BM treatment. After BM, noticeable deformation, fragments, fissures, and grooves were observed, whereas diffusion and aggregation were detected and followed by HMT. Crystallinity of AS‐BM‐5h decreased to 7.8%, and no diffraction peaks were observed for BS. However, after HMT, the crystallinity of AS‐BM‐5h and BS‐BM‐5h was increased to 17.4% and 6.2%, respectively. AS–BM–HMT displayed better thermal stability. After being treated by BM previously, AS and BS showed an increase in solubility, whereas the subsequent HMT of BM‐treated starches (both AS and BS) had higher solubility especially for BS with longer BM treatment time. Large‐sized granules were easier to be damaged by BM, whereas small‐sized granules were greatly influenced by HMT. Dual modification of BM–HMT was an effective and potential method to modify the structure of wheat starch granules and expand its industrial applications.

Practical Application

This study put forward a new dual modification method in combination with BM–HMT for large A‐starch and small B‐starch granules. Flour processing inevitably causes some starch to be damaged by destroying the structure. How can the damaged starch structure be improved to satisfy the food processing industry? HMT was proposed to modify the mechanically activated starches because of its obvious effects on smaller BS. HMT can reduce the content of damaged starch by rearranging and reorganizing its structures. This study can provide a low‐cost, convenient, and eco‐friendly technology for improving damaged starch and developing its applications in food industry.
Rebuilding the human testis in vitro
Authors: Oliver E. , Stukenborg J.‐B.
Published: September 2019

Increasing rates of male infertility have led to a greater need for relevant model systems to gain further insight into male fertility and its failings. Spermatogenesis and hormone production occur within distinct regions of the testis. Defined by specialized architecture and a diverse population of cell types, it is no surprise that disruption of this highly organized microenvironment can lead to infertility. To date, no robust in vitro system has facilitated full spermatogenesis resulting in the production of fertilization‐competent human spermatozoa. Here, we review a selection of current in vitro systems available for modelling the human testis microenvironment with focus on the progression of spermatogenesis and recapitulation of the testis microenvironment.
Associations between QT interval subcomponents, HIV serostatus, and inflammation
Authors: Wu Katherine C. , Bhondoekhan Fiona , Haberlen Sabina A. , Ashikaga Hiroshi , Brown Todd T. , Budoff Matthew J. , D'Souza Gypsyamber , Magnani Jared W. , Kingsley Lawrence A. , Palella Frank J. , Margolick Joseph B. , Martínez‐Maza Otoniel , Altekruse Sean F. , Soliman Elsayed Z. , Post Wendy S.
Published: September 2019

Background

The total QT interval comprises both ventricular depolarization and repolarization currents. Understanding how HIV serostatus and other risk factors influence specific QT interval subcomponents could improve our mechanistic understanding of arrhythmias.

Methods

Twelve‐lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) were acquired in 774 HIV‐infected (HIV+) and 652 HIV‐uninfected (HIV−) men from the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study. Individual QT subcomponent intervals were analyzed: R‐onset to R‐peak, R‐peak to R‐end, JT segment, T‐onset to T‐peak, and T‐peak to T‐end. Using multivariable linear regressions, we investigated associations between HIV serostatus and covariates, including serum concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers such as interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and each QT subcomponent.

Results

After adjustment for demographics and risk factors, HIV+ versus HIV− men differed only in repolarization phase durations with longer T‐onset to T‐peak by 2.3 ms (95% CI 0–4.5, p < .05) and T‐peak to T‐end by 1.6 ms (95% CI 0.3–2.9, p < .05). Adjusting for inflammation attenuated the strength and significance of the relationship between HIV serostatus and repolarization. The highest tertile of IL‐6 was associated with a 7.3 ms (95% CI 3.2–11.5, p < .01) longer T‐onset to T‐peak. Age, race, body mass index, alcohol use, and left ventricular hypertrophy were each associated with up to 2.2–12.5 ms longer T‐wave subcomponents.

Conclusions

HIV seropositivity, in combination with additional risk factors including increased systemic inflammation, is associated with longer T‐wave subcomponents. These findings could suggest mechanisms by which the ventricular repolarization phase is lengthened and thereby contribute to increased arrhythmic risk in men living with HIV.
Social rhythm therapy—A potentially translatable psychosocial intervention for bipolar disorder
Authors: Crowe Marie , Inder Maree , Swartz Holly A. , Murray Greg , Porter Richard
Published: September 2019

Introduction

The aim of this paper was to present Social Rhythm Therapy, which has been modified from Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy, by drawing on implementation science to describe a process that for integrating this into routine clinical practice.

Method

On the basis of the principles of user‐centred design, we aimed to modify an existing psychosocial therapy for bipolar disorder to make this readily translatable into a range of clinical practice models which could be further modified based on feedback from end users.

Results

Social Rhythm Therapy has been adapted from Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy which has demonstrated efficacy in research settings. The adaptation was developed in order to facilitate implementation of some of the key components in routine clinical practice. It is short, relatively simple, easily learned and intended to be flexible.

Conclusions

Social rhythm therapy for bipolar disorder has many characteristics which may make it translatable into clinical practice in different settings. There is a need for studies into the clinical effectiveness of this intervention that has been modified from an evidence‐based intervention.
Degree of Language Experience Modulates Visual Attention to Visible Speech and Iconic Gestures During Clear and Degraded Speech Comprehension
Authors: Drijvers Linda , Vaitonytė Julija , Özyürek Asli
Published: September 2019

Visual information conveyed by iconic hand gestures and visible speech can enhance speech comprehension under adverse listening conditions for both native and non‐native listeners. However, how a listener allocates visual attention to these articulators during speech comprehension is unknown. We used eye‐tracking to investigate whether and how native and highly proficient non‐native listeners of Dutch allocated overt eye gaze to visible speech and gestures during clear and degraded speech comprehension. Participants watched video clips of an actress uttering a clear or degraded (6‐band noise‐vocoded) action verb while performing a gesture or not, and were asked to indicate the word they heard in a cued‐recall task. Gestural enhancement was the largest (i.e., a relative reduction in reaction time cost) when speech was degraded for all listeners, but it was stronger for native listeners. Both native and non‐native listeners mostly gazed at the face during comprehension, but non‐native listeners gazed more often at gestures than native listeners. However, only native but not non‐native listeners' gaze allocation to gestures predicted gestural benefit during degraded speech comprehension. We conclude that non‐native listeners might gaze at gesture more as it might be more challenging for non‐native listeners to resolve the degraded auditory cues and couple those cues to phonological information that is conveyed by visible speech. This diminished phonological knowledge might hinder the use of semantic information that is conveyed by gestures for non‐native compared to native listeners. Our results demonstrate that the degree of language experience impacts overt visual attention to visual articulators, resulting in different visual benefits for native versus non‐native listeners.
Diagnose mykobakterieller Hautinfektionen
Authors: Kromer Christian , Fabri Mario , Schlapbach Christoph , Schulze Marco H. , Groß Uwe , Schön Michael P. , Buhl Timo
Published: September 2019

Die Diagnose kutaner mykobakterieller Infektionen kann eine Herausforderung darstellen. Aufgrund der großen Bandbreite ihres klinischen Erscheinungsbildes müssen Mykobakteriosen bei vielen entzündlichen Dermatosen differenzialdiagnostisch in Betracht gezogen werden. Die diagnostischen Maßnahmen umfassen die histologische Analyse einschließlich Spezialfärbungen, Kulturen und molekulare mikrobiologische Untersuchungen sowie die Erfassung zellulärer Immunreaktionen des Patienten anhand von Interferon‐γ‐Release‐Assays und Hauttests. Kliniker sollten die angemessene Anwendung und Kombination der Verfahren zur schnellen und korrekten Diagnose von Mykobakteriosen kennen, um Kosten und Verzögerungen aufgrund unnötiger Untersuchungen zu vermeiden. Dieser Minireview fasst die Vorteile, Einschränkungen und Fallstricke der Diagnoseverfahren für mykobakterielle Infektionen der Haut zusammen.
Fluorescence optical imaging for the detection of potential psoriatic arthritis in comparison to musculoskeletal ultrasound
Authors: Erdmann‐Keding Magdalena , Ohrndorf Sarah , Werner Stephanie Gabriele , Glimm Anne‐Marie , Burmester Gerd‐Rüdiger , Kokolakis Georgios , Zuberbier Torsten , Sterry Wolfram , Backhaus Marina , Philipp Sandra
Published: September 2019

Objective

Comparison of fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) with grayscale (GS) and power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) to detect joint inflammation in patients with confirmed or suspected psoriatic arthritis (PsA).

Methods

Patients (n = 60) with psoriasis and tenderness and/or swelling of joints were separated into two groups: diagnosis confirmed by the treating dermatologist before the start of the study (n = 26), and suspected PsA (n = 34). GS/PDUS of the hand most clinically affected was performed with a dorsal/palmar view (wrist, MCP, PIP, DIP2–5). FOI examination was carried out in a standardized manner by analyzing the predefined Phases 1–3.

Results

FOI was found to be more sensitive than ultrasound (US) for detection of inflammation in PIP/DIP joints (p = 0.035). Confirmed PsA patients showed more findings in FOI P2 and P3, while suspected PsA patients showed more findings in P1. In the confirmed PsA group, most involved joints were MCP joints, while in the suspected PsA group, more involved wrist joints and DIP joints (p = 0.006) were detected with FOI.

Conclusions

The differences between the confirmed and suspected groups indicate that FOI is helpful in the detection of early PsA since P1 may correspond to acute inflammation, whereas P2 and P3 enhancement reflect chronic inflammation. Fluorescence optical imaging might therefore be a novel diagnostic tool for early PsA diagnosis.
MSCopilot, a new multiple sclerosis self‐assessment digital solution: results of a comparative study versus standard tests
Authors: Maillart E. , Labauge P. , Cohen M. , Maarouf A. , Vukusic S. , Donzé C. , Gallien P. , De Sèze J. , Bourre B. , Moreau T. , Louapre C. , Mayran P. , Bieuvelet S. , Vallée M. , Bertillot F. , Klaeylé L. , Argoud A.‐L. , Zinaï S. , Tourbah A.
Published: September 2019

Background and purpose

Assessing patients’ disability in multiple sclerosis (MS) requires time‐consuming batteries of hospital tests. MSCopilot is a software medical device for the self‐assessment of patients with MS (PwMS), combining four tests: walking, dexterity, cognition and low contrast vision. The objective was to validate MSCopilot versus the Multiple Sclerosis Functional Composite (MSFC).

Methods

This multicentre, open‐label, randomized, controlled, crossover study enrolled 141 PwMS and 76 healthy controls (HCs). All participants performed MSCopilot and MSFC tests at day 0. To assess reproducibility, 46 PwMS performed the same tests at day 30 ± 3. The primary end‐point was the validation of MSCopilot versus MSFC for the identification of PwMS against HCs, quantified using the area under the curve (AUC). The main secondary end‐point was the correlation of MSCopilot z‐scores with MSFC z‐scores.

Results

In all, 116 PwMS and 69 HCs were analysed. The primary end‐point was achieved: MSCopilot performance was non‐inferior to that of MSFC (AUC 0.92 and 0.89 respectively; P = 0.3). MSCopilot and MSFC discriminated PwMS and HCs with 81% and 76% sensitivity and 82% and 88% specificity respectively. Digital and standard test scores were highly correlated (r = 0.81; P < 0.001). The test–retest study demonstrated the good reproducibility of MSCopilot.

Conclusion

This study confirms the reliability of MSCopilot and its usability in clinical practice for the monitoring of MS‐related disability.
Prognostic significance of tumour budding assessed in gastric carcinoma according to the criteria of the International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference
Authors: Ulase Dita , Heckl Steffen , Behrens Hans‐Michael , Krüger Sandra , Röcken Christoph
Published: September 2019

Aims

In this study, we aimed to independently evaluate the utility and prognostic value of tumour budding (TB) according to the International Tumour Budding Consensus Conference (ITBCC) criteria in a large and a well‐characterised European gastric cancer (GC) cohort.

Methods and results

In 456 consecutive, surgically treated GCs, TB was assessed according to the ITBCC criteria and scored as Bd0 (no buds), Bd1 (one to four buds), Bd2 (five to nine buds) or Bd3 (≥10 buds). Cases with TB present were divided into low‐ (Bd1/Bd2) and high‐budding (Bd3) groups. The TB score was analysed in relation to the clinicopathological parameters, overall survival (OS) and tumour‐specific survival (TSS); 115 (25.2%) cases had no, 104 (22.8%) had low and 237 (52.0%) had high TB. The TB score correlated significantly with sex, Laurén phenotype, pT‐, pN‐ and M categories, histological grade, R status; and lymph node ratio, lymphatic invasion, perineural invasion and HER2‐, MET‐ and MSI status. In both total and intestinal‐type early invasive GC (n = 57 and n = 41, respectively), significant associations between the presence and extent of TB and presence of lymph node metastasis were detected. Significant differences in OS and TSS between the TB groups were found; however, TB did not retain significance in multivariate models.

Conclusions

Our data show that the ITBCC criteria can be applied to GC. The data correlated significantly with the diverse clinicopathological characteristics, including patient outcome, and can help to standardise diagnostics and research into special histological features of malignant tumours in general and GC in particular.
Authentic engagement: A conceptual model for welcoming diverse and challenging consumer and survivor views in mental health research, policy, and practice
Authors: Daya Indigo , Hamilton Bridget , Roper Cath
Published: September 2019

As involvement of consumers/survivors in planning, delivery, and evaluation of services has increased, expectations of authentic and effective engagement, versus tokenism, have also risen. Different factors contribute to, or detract from, authentic engagement. Writing from mental health consumer/survivor and nursing positioning, respectively, we aim to redress the common problem of including only a narrow range of views and voices. This paper introduces a conceptual model that supports leaders in research, clinical, service, and policy roles to understand the necessity of engaging with a broader spectrum of consumer/survivor views and voices. The model draws on published consumer/survivor materials, making explicit diverse experiences of treatment and care and identifying the subsequent rich consumer/survivor advocacy agendas. We propose that strong co‐production is made possible by recognizing and welcoming consumer/survivor activist, facilitator, transformer, and humanizer contributions. The conceptual model forms the basis for a proposed qualitative validation project.
Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff) (Coleoptera; Curculionidae; Scolytinae) associated with young Tasmanian blue gum trees
Authors: Naves Pedro , Bragança Helena , Nóbrega Filomena , Valente Carlos
Published: September 2019

Eucalypts are among the most widely planted forest trees in the world, and outside their native Australian range, the main arthropod pests are sap‐sucking insects, defoliators, gall‐making insects and xylophagous beetles. We report on a new association between a polyphagous wood‐boring beetle and Tasmanian blue gum (Eucalyptus globulus Labill.) in Central Portugal. Unidentified wood‐boring insects were found attacking two three‐year‐old E. globulus trees showing signs of decline among otherwise healthy trees in a commercial plantation, in June 2018. Declining trees presented dead twigs and branches, and recently developed epicormic sprouts evident on the trunks. Insects emerging from logs were identified as Ambrosiodmus rubricollis (Eichhoff), a species native to eastern and southern Asia, with the taxonomic identification validated by molecular analysis. To our knowledge, this is the first record of A. rubricollis associated with a eucalypt species worldwide. It is not clear whether the beetles played any significant role on the decline of the trees, but Ambrosiodmus may be potential pests for several tree and shrub species in Europe, as these beetles can transport pathogenic fungi.
Chemical additives enhance the activity of a Bt‐based biopesticide targeting the beet webworm larvae
Authors: Opisa Selpha , Akutse Komivi Senyo , du Plessis Hannalene , Fiaboe Komi Kouma Mokpokpo , Ekesi Sunday
Published: September 2019

Spoladea recurvalis (Fbr.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) larvae can cause up to 100% foliage loss on amaranths during severe outbreaks. The Bacillus thuringiensis Subsp. kurstaki product Halt® is a biologically safe biopesticide recommended for the management of Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus). Spoladea recurvalis larvae are less susceptible to the product. Thirteen chemical additives to improve the efficacy of a Bt spray for control of S. recurvalis were evaluated in laboratory bioassays against second‐instar larvae. All the additives except calcium chloride caused an increase in mortality when applied in mixtures with Bt. Among the seven inorganic salts, boric acid was the only inorganic acid that caused more than 50% larval mortality. Boric acid at a concentration of 0.05% increased the activity of B. thuringiensis by 2.9‐fold. Boric acid had the shortest LT50 values of 5.3 days compared with all other combinations. Two nitrogenous compounds, peptone and sodium nitrate, caused 54 and 51% larval mortalities; however, this increase in efficacy was not significantly different from the mortalities caused by Bt applied without any additive. Urea increased larval mortality from 40% to 51%, although the increase was not significant from a Bt spray application only. Citric acid had no significant effect on the efficacy of Bt spray against S. recurvalis larvae. Overall, among the additives evaluated, the efficacy of Bt spray was most enhanced by boric acid and could be further evaluated under field conditions for validation, and integration into an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy for S. recurvalis management.
Transport corridors and their wider economic benefits: A quantitative review of the literature
Authors: Roberts Mark , Melecky Martin , Bougna Théophile , Xu Yan (Sarah)
Published: September 2019

Transport corridors can generate both wider economic benefits (WEBs) and costs through their effects on diverse development outcomes. To advance understanding of how corridors could generate WEBs, this paper undertakes a quantitative review and meta‐analysis of the literature that estimates the impacts of large transport infrastructure projects. The analysis finds that characteristics of individual studies and the design of the transport infrastructure influence estimated benefits. It also shows that, on average, while corridor interventions tend to benefit economic welfare and equity, they often detrimentally impact the environment. To mitigate trade‐offs, policymakers can consider using complementary interventions.
I Don't See Race (or Conflict): Strategic Descriptions of Ambiguous Negative Intergroup Contexts
Authors: Karmali Francine , Kawakami Kerry , Vaccarino Elysia , Williams Amanda , Phills Curtis , Friesen Justin P.
Published: September 2019

Despite current societal trends to encourage diversity, individuals often avoid acknowledging race, and we suggest also conflict, because of concerns about appearing prejudiced. The present research investigated the use of racial color and conflict blind strategies in an ambiguous negative intergroup context. In three studies, we assessed whether people acknowledged race and conflict using a novel ambiguous context task. Study 1 demonstrated that when describing an intergroup interaction with a photograph of Black and White males bumping into one another, only 27% of participants used racial labels and approximately half (53%) mentioned conflict. In Study 2, when participants described two White males in the same situation, significantly fewer participants mentioned conflict compared to when the photograph depicted a Black and White male actor, but rates of mentioning race were not different. Finally, in Study 3, when participants were instructed to use race when describing the actors, they mentioned conflict significantly less than when they were free to avoid racial labels. These latter results suggest that although racial color blindness may be used to appear unbiased, when this strategy is unavailable, people may resort to not referencing intergroup negativity. Together these findings indicate that racial color and conflict blindness may work in conjunction as compensatory strategies to appearing nonprejudiced.