bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dosimetric impact of variable bladder filling on IMRT planning for locally advanced carcinoma cervix
Authors: Dutta Soumya , Dewan Abhinav , Mitra Swarupa , Sharma Manoj Kumar , Aggarwal Sumeet , Barik Soumitra , Mahammood Suhail M. , Bhushan Maninder , Sharma Anurag , Wahi Inderjeet Kaur , Dobriyal Kiran , Mukhee Jwala
Published: July 2020

Background

To evaluate the dosimetric impact of variable bladder filling on target and organ at risk (OARs) in cervical cancer patients undergoing chemoradiation. Forty consecutive patients with cervical cancer underwent radiotherapy planning as per the departmental protocol. All patients were asked to empty their bowel and bladder before simulation and catheterization was done. Normal saline was instilled into the bladder through Foleys till the patient had a maximal urge to urinate. Pelvic cast fabrication and CT simulation was done.

Then, 30%, 50%, and 100% of the instilled saline was removed and rescans taken. Planning was done on full bladder (X) and the same plan applied to the contours with bladder volumes 0.7X (PLAN70), 0.5X (PLAN50), and empty (PLAN0). A dose of 50 Gy/25# was prescribed to the PTV and plans evaluated. Intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans with full bladder were implemented for each patient. Shifts in the center of mass (COM) of the cervix/uterus with variable bladder filling identified were noted. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software. A p value < 0.05 was considered significant.

Results

Bladder volume in 70%, 50%, and empty bladder planning was 78.34% (388.35 + 117.44 ml), 64.44% (320.60 + 106.20 ml), and 13.63% (62.60 + 23.12 ml), respectively. The mean dose received by 95% PTV was 49.76 Gy + 1.30 Gy. Though the difference in target coverage was significant between PLAN100 and other plans, the mean difference was minimal. A decrease in bladder filling resulted in an increase in OAR dose. Variation in the increase in dose to OARs was not significant if bladder filling was > 78.34% and > 64.44% of a full bladder with respect to the bowel and rectal/bladder doses, respectively. Inconsistent bladder filling led to a maximal shift in COM (uterus/cervix) in the Y- and Z-axis.

Conclusion

Bladder filling variations have an impact on cervico-uterine motion/shape, thereby impacting the dose to the target and OARs. It is recommended to have a threshold bladder volume of at least 70–75% of optimally filled bladder during daily treatment.

Trial registration

Institutional review board (IRB) registered by Drug Controller General (India) with registration number ECR/10/Ins/DC/2013. Trial Registration number - RGCIRC/IRB/44/2016, registered and approved on the 14th of May 2016.
The path from schizotypy to depression and aggression and the role of family stress
Authors: Premkumar Preethi , Kuipers Elizabeth , Kumari Veena
Published: July 2020

Background.

Schizotypy is a multidimensional construct that is linked to the vulnerability for psychosis. Positive schizotypy includes having paranormal beliefs. Negative schizotypy includes social anhedonia. Disorganized schizotypy includes social anxiety and communication disorder. Schizotypy relates to depression and aggression. Family stress from high expressed emotion (EE; a rating of criticism, hostility, and emotional overinvolvement in a close relative toward a person showing signs of mental disorder) may mediate the link between schizotypy, depression and aggression. This study tested, using path analyses, the hypotheses that schizotypy predicts depression and aggression through high perceived EE as criticism and irritability (hypothesis 1) and praise and intrusiveness in a close relative (hypothesis 2).

Methods.

One hundred and four healthy participants listened to and rated the self-relevance of standard criticism and standard praise that denote EE. Participants rated their level of schizotypy, depression, aggression, and perceived EE in self-report questionnaires. Two path models tested the hypotheses.

Results.

Disorganized schizotypy, more than positive schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived criticism and perceived EE-irritability were mediators. Disorganised schizotypy, more than negative schizotypy, predicted the path to depression and aggression when perceived praise and perceived EE-intrusiveness were mediators.

Conclusions.

Greater perceived criticism and less perceived praise in family communication explain the path from disorganized schizotypy (more so than positive or negative schizotypy) to depression and aggression. These findings indicate a need to consider the thought disorder-EE link as a potential contributor to depression and aggression in people with schizophrenia.
Phase II Study of Pembrolizumab As First-Line, Single-Drug Therapy for Patients With Unresectable Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinomas
Authors: Maubec Eve , Boubaya Marouane , Petrow Peter , Beylot-Barry Marie , Basset-Seguin Nicole , Deschamps Lydia , Grob Jean-Jacques , Dréno Brigitte , Scheer-Senyarich Isabelle , Bloch-Queyrat Coralie , Leccia Marie-Thérèse , Stefan Andreea , Saiag Philippe , Grange Florent , Meyer Nicolas , de Quatrebarbes Julie , Dinulescu Monica , Legoupil Delphine , Machet Laurent , Dereure Olivier , Zehou Ouidad , Montaudié Henri , Wierzbicka-Hainaut Ewa , Le Corre Yannick , Mansard Sandrine , Guégan Sarah , Arnault Jean-Philippe , Dalac Sophie , Aubin François , Alloux Céline , Lopez Isabelle , Cherbal Soufian , Tibi Annick , Lévy Vincent ,   on behalf of Groupe de Cancérologie Cutanée
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE

To evaluate first-line pembrolizumab monotherapy efficacy and safety in patients with unresectable cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (CSCCs).

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Patients, predominantly men, with their CSSCs’ immunohistochemically determined programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) status determined (tumor proportion score threshold, 1%), received pembrolizumab (200 mg every 3 weeks). The primary endpoint was the 39-patient primary cohort’s objective response rate at week 15 (ORRW15). Secondary objectives were best ORR, overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), duration of response (DOR), safety, ORR according to PD-L1 status and health-related quality of life using Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy–General (FACT-G) score. An 18-patient expansion cohort, recruited to power the study to evaluate the ORRW15difference between PD-L1+ and PD-L1– patients, was assessed for ORR, disease control rate, and safety, but not survival.

RESULTS

Median age of all patients was 79 years. The primary cohort’s ORRW15was 41% (95% CI, 26% to 58%), including 13 partial and 3 complete responses. Best responses were 8 partial and 8 complete responses. At a median follow-up of 22.4 months, respective median PFS, DOR, and OS were 6.7 months, not reached, and 25.3 months, respectively. Pembrolizumab-related adverse events affected 71% of the patients, and 4 (7%) were grade ≥ 3. One death was related to rapid CSCC progression; another resulted from a fatal second aggressive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma diagnosed 15 weeks postinclusion. ORRW15for the entire population was 42%; it was significantly higher for PD-L1+ patients (55%) versus PD-L1– patients (17%; P = .02). Responders’ W15 total FACT-G score had improved ( P = .025) compared with nonresponders.

CONCLUSION

First-line pembrolizumab monotherapy exhibited promising anti-CSCC activity, with durable responses and manageable safety. PD-L1 positivity appears to be predictive of pembrolizumab efficacy.
Sleep in Patients With Neurologic Disease
Authors: Benjamin Sara E.
Published: July 2020

PURPOSE OF REVIEW

This article provides a discussion of the current evidence and contemporary views on the relationship between sleep disorders and neurologic disease.

RECENT FINDINGS

Disrupted or disordered sleep can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality, the risk of cardiovascular events, increased seizure frequency, and altered immune responses. Studies have implicated disrupted sleep and circadian rhythm dysfunction with both amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition and tau deposition. A bidirectional relationship exists between disrupted sleep and the progression of Alzheimer disease pathology. Insomnia has been reported as a prodromal symptom in autoimmune encephalitis. Primary sleep disorders have now been increasingly recognized as a common comorbid condition in multiple sclerosis, making it imperative that neurologists feel comfortable differentiating multiple sclerosis fatigue from excessive daytime sleepiness caused by primary sleep disorders to optimally treat their patients.

Sleep disorders are common across the population. By recognizing sleep disorders in patients with neurologic conditions, neurologists can provide comprehensive care and, in some cases, reduce neurologic disease burden.
The Landmark Series: Systemic Therapy for Resectable Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors
Authors: Keung Emily Z. , Raut Chandrajit P. , Rutkowski Piotr
Published: July 2020

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract. Complete resection is the only potentially curative treatment, although recurrence is common, occurring in approximately 40–50% of patients. The introduction of effective molecularly targeted therapies for GISTs has dramatically changed the clinical management paradigms for, and prognosis of, patients with intermediate- and high-risk GISTs, as well as those with locally advanced and metastatic disease. In this article, we review landmark studies that evaluated the use and efficacy of the tyrosine kinase inhibitors imatinib and sunitinib in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings for resectable primary and limited resectable metastatic GISTs.
Insulin is necessary but not sufficient: changing the therapeutic paradigm in type 1 diabetes
Authors: Lord Sandra , Greenbaum Carla J.
Published: July 2020

Despite the clear evidence that type 1 diabetes (T1D) begins well before hyperglycemia is evident, there are no clinically available disease-modifying therapies for early-stage disease. However, following the exciting results of the Teplizumab Prevention Study, the first study to demonstrate that overt T1D can be delayed with immunotherapy, there is renewed optimism that in the future, T1D will be treated before hyperglycemia develops. A different treatment paradigm is needed, as a majority of people with T1D do not meet the glycemic targets that are associated with a lower risk of T1D complications and therefore remain vulnerable to complications and shortened life expectancy. The following review will outline the history and current status of immunotherapy for T1D and highlight some challenges and ideas for the future. Although such efforts have been worldwide, we will focus particularly on the activities of Diabetes TrialNet, a National Institutes of Health consortium launched in 2004.
Who is making clinical trials for treatment or prevention of COVID-19? A review of Clinicaltrials.gov, May 2020
Authors: Fors Martha , González Paloma
Published: July 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly progressed into the worst pandemic in recent years. There are currently no approved therapies to treat the disease. Several clinical trials are being conducted to evaluate therapeutic approaches.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional descriptive study to examine the main characteristics of COVID-19-related clinical interventional trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov until May 15th, 2020.

Results: We included 519 trials, most of which were phase II or III, open-label and randomized trials. Disease treatment was evaluated in 75.5% of trials, while prevention was evaluated in 12.1%. A total of 243 trials were listed as recruiting, and 42.4% were not yet recruiting. Approximately 20% of the analyzed trials are investigating antimalarial agents, while 10.2% are studying the use of convalescent plasma to treat the disease. Antiretrovirals, monoclonal antibodies, the use of stem cells, nitric oxide gases and vaccines are the most commonly evaluated therapies. As of the publication of this review, none of the clinical trials had uploaded results.

Conclusions: ClinicalTrials.gov is an important database that contains ongoing research trials on COVID-19, a disease that is of vital importance. This study quantifies the outcomes of COVID-19-related clinical trials. The safety and effectiveness of many therapeutic approaches are investigated to fight this disease.
Healthy man and his environment
Authors: Volkov Sergey
Published: July 2020

The textbook covers modern concepts of health, factors influencing health, health risk factors, human needs and ways to meet them, and the role of nursing staff in the maintenance and promotion of health. Presents the main indicators describing the demographic situation in Russia and the world, anatomical and physiological and psychological characteristics of healthy people of different age, possible problems that could have an impact on health in different age periods.
The material presented in the textbook contribute to the development of the competencies required of nursing personnel in the preservation and strengthening of health of healthy person.
For students of institutions of secondary professional education in healthcare 31.02.01 "medicine", 31.02.02 "Obstetric business", 34.02.01 "Nursing".
Differential equations: examples and tasks
Authors: Zhukova Galina
Published: July 2020

To master the skills of solving examples and problems of the course "Ordinary differential equations" proposed a cycle of workshops covering the topics: differential equations of first, second, n-th orders; systems of linear differential equations; integration of initial and boundary value problems; stability theory. Given the large number of examples and tasks for independent operation with answers. This sample tests with solutions and analysis.
It is recommended that teachers, postgraduates and students of higher educational institutions studying differential equations.
The use of interferon in medicine
Authors: Pluta Waldemar , Dudzińska Wioleta , Lubkowska Anna
Published: July 2020

Interferons are low-molecular weight glycoproteins. They are characterized by paracrine and autocrine activity. Their production and release occurs through various types of cells, which ultimately leads to the protection of the body against viral infections. Interferons do not have direct antiviral activity but affect cells, inducing the formation of antiviral agents and "antiviral readiness" in them. Thanks to their properties interferons have been widely used in the treatment of many diseases, among others hepatitis B, hepatitis C and multiple sclerosis. In addition, they show anti-cancer effects, even in the case of chronic myeloid leukemia. They are currently an important element in the search for a drug against SARS-CoV-2.
Pathogenetic kardiolin in patients with coronary artery disease with concomitant patology of diabetes
Authors: Halysh I. V. , Petryshen O. I. , Hrytsiuk M. I. , Vivsyannyk V. V. , Chornenka Zh. A.
Published: July 2020

The paper studied the basic pathogenic mechanisms in the development of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes, defined the common aspects of the etiology and clinical manifestations of similarities. The main pathophysiological characteristics and causes of coronary heart disease when accompanied by type 2 diabetes. Based on specific data pathogenesis expediency kardiolini use as auxiliary phytotherapeutic drug in patients with coronary artery disease with co-morbidities of diabetes. Also, the influence of the main components of the drug on humans. Kardiolini - complex herbal preparation, which is characterized sedation, isotropic positive and negative chronotropic effect, improve cerebral and coronary blood flow, preventing thrombosis, lowering lipids, cholesterol and triglyceride blood, that the impact on common pathogenic mechanisms of coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes.
Рrospects for the use of “dry” carbon dioxide baths in patients with chronic viral hepatitis c with concomitant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (literature review and own research)
Authors: Izha Anna
Published: July 2020

The paper analyzes modern views on the etiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, methods of treating patients with chronic viral hepatitis C with concomitant non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), discusses the possibility of using "dry" carbon dioxide baths (DCDB) in this category of patients. Our research was conducted to study the effectiveness of the integrated use of antiviral therapy (AVT) and DCDB procedures in patients with chronic hepatitis C with concomitant NAFLD. The authors of the study were the first to suggest using of DCDB in this category of patients. Based on the results obtained, for the first time, ideas about the specificity of the DCDBʹs effect on the clinical course of the underlying and concomitant diseases, on the functional state of the liver, the dynamics of lipid metabolism, and ultrasonographic parameters of the liver were detailed. It is concluded that DCDB can be successfully used in the complex treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis C with concomitant NAFLD.
The influence of 1-α-oxycholesterol with antioxidants and calcium phosphate on the development of experimental periodontitis in rats
Authors: Schneider S. A. , Suslova O. V. , Saveleva N. N. , Gorohivsky V. N. , Tkachenko E. K.
Published: July 2020

In experiments on 26 rats the influence of complex 1-α-oxycholesterol with antioxidants and calcium phosphate. The study was conducted on the background modeling of periodontal disease through a combination of prooxidants delagila and etilendiaminova acid chelating agent (EDTA).
Quality of life of patients after implantation of a pacemaker
Authors: Sikora Kamil , Wawryniuk Agnieszka , Łuczyk Robert Jan , Łuczyk Marta , Zwolak Agnieszka , Fidecki Wiesław , Wysokiński Mariusz
Published: July 2020

Introduction. According to data from 2017 provided by the National Health Fund, nearly 30,000 pacemakers and 10,000 cardioverter-defibrillators have been implanted in Poland so far. Pacemaker implantation alone results in an improvement in the quality of life in approximately 35% of patients. Interest in the subject of quality of life can be seen in researchers from various fields since the middle of the last century. Despite the passing years, the demand for comprehensive research on the quality of life in the group of patients with an implanted pacemaker does not decrease.Purpose of research. The aim of the study was to assess the quality of life of patients after implantation of a pacemaker.Material and methods. The study included 100 patients after implantation of a pacemaker, treated at the SPSK 4 cardiology ward and outpatient clinic in Lublin from January to May 2020. The diagnostic survey method was used, and the WHOQOL-BREF standardized tool was used to collect the research material. The obtained results were compiled in a statistical analysis.Results. It was shown that 64% of patients with implanted pacemakers rated their quality of life as at least good. The result of the self-assessment of health was lower, 41% of respondents scored above the average criterion. The highest results were observed in the domain of the functioning environment, and the lowest in the physical domain.Conclusions. The quality of life of most subjects with an implanted pacemaker is at least at a good level. Self-assessment of patients' health is lower than the overall assessment of the quality of life. In patients with an implanted pacemaker, the quality of life was rated the lowest in the physical domain, and the highest in the aspect of the functioning environment.
Relationship between HPV and HIV. Prevalence, molecular mechanisms and screening of HPV among HIV infected women
Authors: Kosz Katarzyna , Zielińska Martyna , Kuchnicka Aleksaandra , Zarankiewicz Natalia , Ciseł Bogumiła
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the most common sexually transmitted infections (STI) globally. According to the World Health Organisation (WHO) there are around 17.4 million women living with HIV and over 290 million HPV infected women worldwide.Purpose: This review is to summarize available data concerning the relationship between HIV and HPV infection among women. The analysis comprises molecular mechanisms of HPV infection among HIV(+) women as well as HIV infection among HPV(+) women, prevalence of HPV and cervical lesions among women living with HIV and screening of HPV and cervical cancer (CC) among HIV infected women.Material and methods: The review includes publications from 2011 to 2020. The data has been collected by the use of the PubMed, Ovid, Up-To-Date and WHO website. Key words used to search for references include: HPV, HIV, prevalence, molecular mechanism, screening.Results: HIV infection is a risk factor for HPV acquisition. On the one hand, prevalence of HPV, multiple HPV, high risk HPV (hrHPV) infections and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is higher among HIV(+) women. On the other hand, HPV infection can also predispose to HIV acquisition. Evidence on how these viruses influence each other can be a breakthrough in the range of prevention, detection and treatment of both HIV and HPV infection.Conclusions: Relationship between HPV and HIV is an interest of nowadays medicine. Possibly, these viruses may cooperate and enable infection of each other. It has been showed that the prevalence of HPV, multiple HPV, hrHPV infections and cervical lesions is higher among HIV(+) in comparison to HIV(-) women. Further studies should be performed providing an insight into a molecular mechanism responsible for this cooperation.
Enseñanza de la estadística inferencial mediante una aplicación móvil
Authors:   Universidad Santo Tomás, Castillo Riquelme Víctor
Published: July 2020

La enseñanza de la Estadística en cursos universitarios ha presentado mayores desafíos en las disciplinas de las Ciencias Sociales. En esta investigación se diseñó una aplicación para dispositivos smartphones con el objetivo de apoyar el aprendizaje de la Estadística Inferencial en una muestra de estudiantes de las carreras de Psicología y Trabajo Social en una universidad chilena. Las funciones de la aplicación incluyen una trivia, un glosario, un modo de asesoría para decidir por cuál prueba de hipótesis aplicar y una guía tutorial para ejecutar procedimientos estadísticos en SPSS. Los resultados develan que los estudiantes legitiman el uso de la aplicación móvil como material de estudio, constatándose altas calificaciones, tanto en la evaluación global de la aplicación como en la valoración de cada función.
Social Learning in Information Technology Investment: The Role of Board Interlocks
Authors: Cheng Zhuo (June) , Rai Arun , Tian Feng , Xu Sean Xin
Published: July 2020

We use a social learning perspective to extend our understanding of information technology (IT) investment and return. Specifically, we investigate social learning in the context of interlocks between corporate boards, which allow firms to share knowledge and experiences with respect to their IT investments. Using a large data set of firm-years from 2001–2008, we find (a) a positive relationship exists between a focal firm’s IT investment and that of its interlocked firms; (b) this positive relationship is amplified by the interlocked firms’ IT capability but only if the focal firm has an active board, which devotes time to allow sufficient communication among directors; and (c) the component of the focal firm’s IT investment that is attributable to board interlock influence is positively related to the firm’s performance but only if the firm has an active board. Collectively, these findings support our central thesis: social learning through board interlocks can play a significant role in influencing a firm’s IT investments and enhancing their payoff. That said, attaining such benefits requires boards to incorporate those firms with high IT management capability and to strengthen board activity so interlocked members can substantively share their knowledge and experiences with IT investments.

This paper was accepted by Anandhi Bharadwaj, information systems.
Challenges and opportunities for cardiology nursing in 2020: ‘Year of the Nurse and Midwife’, ‘Year of COVID-19’ or both?
Authors: Lawson Claire
Published: July 2020

We are now over halfway through the ‘Year of the Nurse and Midwife’. This month, Claire Lawson, BANCC council member, reflects on what this looks like for cardiology nurses during the COVID-19 crisis.
Cracked Tooth Syndrome Management Part 2: Integrating the Old with the New
Authors: Bailey Oliver
Published: July 2020

This article follows on from Part 1 which looked at the pathogenesis and diagnosis of cracked tooth syndrome (CTS). It combines a review of the available evidence with a discussion of established and more modern concepts of management, aiming to provide a clear, rational approach to the predictable management of CTS with the aid of case studies and a decision-tree.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Allows the clinician to manage CTS predictably.
The Maxillary Sinus: What the General Dental Team Need to Know Part 4: Dental Implant Treatment and the Effect on Maxillary Sinus Function
Authors: Campbell Colin , Bell Garmon W , MacLeod Iain , Darcey James C
Published: July 2020

This paper, the last of a 4-part series, will discuss the impact of dental implant treatment on the health of the maxillary sinus. The need for assessment of maxillary sinus health and function, both clinically and radiographically, will be discussed. Strategies for implant planning that can reduce and mitigate complications will also be discussed, along with common surgical/post-surgery complications and the impact of these on patients.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The Dental Team should be aware of the factors taken into consideration when implants involving the atrophic maxillary alveolus are planned, or provided, in relation to normal function of the maxillary sinus.
COVID-19 and Dentistry: Aerosol and Droplet Transmission of SARS-CoV-2, and Its Infectivity in Clinical Settings
Authors: Samaranayake Lakshman
Published: July 2020

In the last inaugural issue of the Commentary we discussed the origins of the SARS-CoV-2, the probable reasons for its emergence, and how the virus spreads due to the rapid, inter-continental, mass transportation, as well as the human behaviour leading to deforestation and massive urbanization and environmental changes. Here, we outline the issues surrounding infectivity of the SARS-CoV-2, plus its spread through aerosols, droplets and aerosol generating procedures (AGPs) in the dental clinic milieu, as well as its viability in the ambient environment.
Investigation of Communication Systems in Free-Ranging Wild Ungulates
Authors: Altmann Margaret
Published: July 2020

With the assistance of Betty Erickson, long-term field investigations were continued in the period from May 31 to September 9, 1977. The unusual environmental situation of extreme drought provided some new insights into undiscovered aspects of ungulate behavior
Prehistoric Man in the High Country: The Archaeology of the Northern Tetons
Authors: Bender Susan
Published: July 2020

The Northern Tetons, defined as the mountainous drainages of Moose, Owl and Berry Creeks, have long been known among Jackson Hole collectors as an area rich in prehistoric artifacts. When Dr. Gary A. Wright initiated his archaeological fieldwork in Grand Teton National Park, reports of extensive sites in the Northern Tetons soon came filtering in. Preliminary investigations in the area revealed the existence of large archaeological sites there that were comparable in size and artifact density to anything yet discovered on Jackson Hole's basin floor. At that time--July 1976--archaeological investigation of the Northern Tetons was begun.
A Distributional and Habitat Study of the Bighorn Sheep in Winter, Grand Teton National Park
Authors: Whitfield Michael , Keller Barry
Published: July 2020

This study was initiated in order to determine the population status of bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) in the Teton Range. Intensive field studies were initiated in the summer of 1978 and will be continued during the winter of 1978-79 in order to delineate the distribution of sheep and to relate this distribution to habitat factors which affect seasonal distributions. Additionally, information on the history of bighorn sheep has been sought through interviews of longtime residents of the several valleys surrounding the Teton Range.
A Study of Backcountry use within Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Phillips Clynn , Eastwood John , McDonald Lyman
Published: July 2020

Records of backcountry use in Yellowstone National Park indicate that use increased from 16,767 backcountry camper nights in 1971 to 33,297 backcountry camper nights in 1974, a doubling in three years (1). A similar increase was recorded in Grand Teton National Park. Use of wilderness areas in the state by backpackers has increased also, but not at the rate of increase that applies to the two National Parks.
Comparison of Lateral Line Scale Counts on Arctic Grayling From Yellowstone National Park and Montana
Authors: Gould William
Published: July 2020

Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus ) are presently absent from areas they formerly inhabited in Yellowstone National Park. A project has been begun to re-establish this species in areas of the Park within its former range. The purpose of this portion of the study was to examine the meristic characteristics of populations of Arctic grayling from Y.N.P. and Montana. The results of this work and those from the electrophoretic examination will provide information for the collection of stocks to be used for the restoration of Arctic grayling in areas of Y.N.P.
The Chemistry of Weathering of a Pliocene Volcanic Ash Deposit, National Elk Refuge, Wyoming
Authors: Antweiler R. , Drever J.
Published: July 2020

Precipitation falls to the earth basically as distilled water, except near population centers where atmospheric pollution contributes solutes and near the ocean which adds sodium and chloride. The waters of springs, however, contain varying amounts of Ca++ , Mg++, Na+, HCO3- and aqueous silica as major constituents, derived from bedrock. How rainwater changes its composition to springwater as it passes through soils and rocks is not well understood. The objectives of our project were to study the initial changes in water chemistry as moisture passed through a "reactive" bedrock and to compare our results with theoretical models (eg. Helgeson 1968, Helgeson et.al. 1969, 1970, Wood and Surdam, 1979).
Mushrooms of Grand Teton National Park
Authors: McKnight Kent
Published: July 2020

The objective is an inventory of the "mushrooms'' to be found in Grand Teton National Park. The study includes all macromycetes of fungi with macroscopic or large, conspicuous fruiting bodies. Most are fleshy or woody Ascomycetes or Basidiomycetes but some are classified in other major taxa. Although there are no published floristic studies of the fungi of this area occasional and sporadic records of collections from the Tetons or Yellowstone are published, including type collections of at least two new species: Cortinarius ashii McKnight & Dublin (1975) and Lactarius gossypinus Hesler & Smith (1979). An interim report listing 131 species was submitted as a contribution to the University of Wyoming-National Park Service Annual Report for 1978 (McKnight, 1978).
Effects of Environmental Variables on Some Physiological Responses of Microtus montanus Under Natural Conditions
Authors: Pinter Aelita
Published: July 2020

Several microtine species exhibit multiannual fluctuations in population density. These fluctuations have been described as occurring with sufficient regularity to be called "cycles". This phenomenon has been known since anitquity. However, despite the extensive work that has dealt with this problem. the facts underlying these fluctuations remain largely unknown.
Postfire Avian Ecology in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Jonas Robert , Pfister Allan
Published: July 2020

One objective of establishing Yellowstone National Park was to minimize human influence on the biotic communities. However, from the time of establishment (1872) through 1972, the policy has been to suppress forest fires. Since natural fires play an important role in many environments, their importance to the Yellowstone ecosystem is being assessed. Little knowledge exists on avian succession immediately following a forest fire and several years postfire. The Divide fire burn on the western side of the South Arm of Yellowstone Lake and the Trail Creek burn southeast of the Southeast Arm of Yellowstone provided an opportunity to supplement the knowledge of Yellowstone's fire ecology. Therefore, data gathered during the 1979 summer will be used to strengthen the 1978 summer data in the determination of avian ecology in these postfire areas.
Dispersal Activities of the Black-Tailed Prairie Dog in Wind Cave National Park
Authors: Garrett Monte , Franklin William
Published: July 2020

In Wind Cave National Park, where prairie dogs are fully protected, their numbers have greatly increased over the past few years. Park managers are concerned over the prairie dog's tenacious ability not only to expand their colonies, but to pioneer and establish new ones. The seemingly unpredlctable expansion of prairie dog towns has long amazed and alarmed resource managers. Since the Park's cessation of management efforts in the mid-1950's, prairie dog colonies have grown from less than 500 acres in surface area, to an estimated 1,600 acres. Within the past few years, at least eight new prairie dog colonies have been established in the park. The tendency of prairie dogs to colonize and inhabit productive grasslands on gently rolling terrain is believed to be reductng the range's capacity to support other herbivores such as elk and bison.
Banding of Nestling Bald Eagles in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks and Vicinity
Authors: Eng Robert , Harmata Alan , Alt Kurt
Published: July 2020

A significant population of nesting Bald Eagles (Haliaeetus leucocphalus) occurs in and adjacent to Yellowstone National Park (YNP) and Grand Teton National Park (GTNP). Alt (1980) and Swenson (1975) located 30 Bald Eagle territories within an approximate 15,000 km area encompassing both parks and the surrounding area of southwestern Montana and northwestern Wyoming, designated here as the Yellowstone-Teton area of Influence (YTAI). Although this population is probably essential in producing recruits for the remaining depressed western populations, little is known of the movements and dynamics of this population outside of the breeding season. As a result, a nestling banding project was initiated in the summer of 1979, and expanded to include colormarking in 1980, to determine post fledging movements and population dynamics of Bald Eagles produced in the YTAI. Through band recoveries and returns and resightings of colormarked eagles, attempts will be made to determine: 1) juvenile dispersal patterns 2) immature survival rates 3) longevity 4) wintering areas of YTAI Bald Eagles 5) mortality factors 6) migration routes 7) fidelity to the natal area in successive years 8) importance of the YTAI population in relation to producing recruits for other populations 9) assessment of banding activities on subsequent productivity. With adequate funding, the banding study should continue for at least 3 more years.
Characterization of Soils in Yellowstone National Park
Authors: Bartelli L. , Trettin C.
Published: July 2020

Yellowstone National Park is predominantly underlain by two volcanic rock types, the Tertiary andesitic rocks and the Quarternary rhyolitic rocks. Data concerning the nature and properties of the soils derived from these rocks is limited. This study provides a detailed soil characterization analysis of benchmark soils and associated interpretations for use by both research and operations personnel. Data from this study will also further the knowledge of soils in mountain environments.
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS ON RESEARCH AT NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RESEARCH CENTER
Authors: The National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a list of publications on research at the National Park Service Research Center.
Effect of Fire on Mixed-Grass Plant Communities in Badlands National Park
Authors: Whisenant Steven , Uresk Dan
Published: July 2020

This research has two principle objectives. The first of these is to determine the influence of fire on the density and peak standing crop of major grass species of the Badlands National Park mixed-grass prairie. The second major objective is to develop burning prescriptions that would favor native plant species over exotics. Preemergent herbicide treatments have been added to provide an alternative method of controlling exotic annual plants.
Abundance and Distribution of Vascular Plants in the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area
Authors: Knight Dennis , Lichvar Robert , Collins Ellen
Published: July 2020

The objective of this study is to conduct a floristic survey and a vegetation analysis of the Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area (BCNRA) located in the northern part of the Bighorn Basin of northern Wyoming and southern Montana. The study will include the preparation of a vegetation map which, along with other ecological information, should be useful for resource management.
The Effect of Fire on Bird and Small Mammal Communities in the Grasslands of Wind Cave National Park
Authors: Forde Jon , Sloan Norman
Published: July 2020

Specifically, the objectives of this research project were to: 1) Census burned and unburned grassland areas for breeding populations of birds and small mammals. Population censuses have been made on areas prescribed burned between 1973 and 1978 as well as the areas burned in the spring of 1981; 2) Analyze study transect vegetation to determine the impact of burning treatments on prairie vegetation and its relationship to bird and small mammal densities; 3) Provide usable management recommendations that will aid not only in vegetation maintenance but also with the animal populations associated with the grasslands.
Mountain Pine Beetle Infestation: Cycling and Succession in Lodgepole Pine Forest
Authors: Romme W. , Yavitt J. , Knight D. , Fedders J.
Published: July 2020

A research project was initiated in 1980 to study the effects of outbreaks of the mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) on lodgepole pine forest (Pinus contorta spp. latifolia) in Yellowstone National Park and surrounding areas. This native bark beetle recently has killed millions of trees over thousands of square kilometers in the central and northern Rocky Mountains. Major outbreaks first occurred in Grand Teton National Park in the 1950's and in Yellowstone National Park in the 1960's. The outbreak in Yellowstone Park is still spreading.
The Effects of Fire on Virgin Northern Mixed Grassland at Custer National Moument
Authors: Bock Jane
Published: July 2020

The first field season of this work was completed on Labor Day, 1984. During this first summer, study plots were chosen on Custer Battlefield. Twenty of the plots were at scattered sites on the 1983 burn; five more plots, the controls, were placed on the unburned portion of the Monument. These plots all were located in relation to the NPS grid system which has been placed over the Monument grounds. From a coordinate permanent marker, twenty meters were measured to the north and to the west by means of a compass and metric tape. This accounted for three of the four corners of the 20 X 20m2 plots. The fourth corner was located subsequently. The coordinates for the plots on the burn are: N76-E24, N78-E19, N78-E18, N74-E28, N73-E28, N71-E28, N71-E26, N71-E25, N70-E22, N69-E20, N68-E21, N67-E23, N67-E23, N66-E25, N76-E18, N76-E20, N74-E22, N72-E21, N70-E19, N78-E27, and 15m west of soldier #153's marker. The control plot coordinates are: N80-E19, N80-E18, N67-E27, N66-E26, and N67-E28. Five more 20 X 20m2 plots were selected on adjacent lands belonging to the Crow Indian Tribe where the 1983 fire had been. These plots contrasted with those on the Monument because the Crow people have kept cattle and horses on this land for several years, and they have continued this land use after the fire as well. The plots on the Indian lands are-south from N64-E24, south from N64-E28, east from N66-E30, east from N75-E30, and east from N73-E30.
Vegetation Baseline Study for the Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site
Authors: Clambey Gary
Published: July 2020

Objectives of this study include: 1. An inventory of the flora, together with establishment of reference plant collection; 2. Delimitation and description of the plant communities, including compsitional analysis; 3. Assessment of the contemporary plant cover relative to various management considerations, such as: a. The use of prescribed burning, particularly in grassland areas; b. Control of nuisance plant species, e.g., leafy spurge, poison ivy; c. Present vegetative cover on formerly disturbed land and further efforts to restore or increase native species on those sites; 4. Clarification of vegetation patterns as they might have existed in the 1804-05 period.
Effects of Environmental Variables on some Physiological Responses of Microtus montanus under Natural Conditions
Authors: Pinter Aelita
Published: July 2020

Cyclic fluctuations in the population density of microtine rodents have been known since antiquity. However, factors responsible for this phenomenon are not known. The objectives of this long term study are essentially three-fold. First, to characterize those environmental variables that might affect Microtus montanus in different seasons of the year. Second, to record the growth, maturation and reproductive activity of the voles under natural conditions. Third, to determine the maturational as well as the seasonal pelage changes of these rodents. The data resulting from the execution of the above objectives would be correlated in an attempt to determine the causes underlying the multiannual fluctuations in the population density of these microtine rodents in Grand Teton National Park.
Yellowstone Lake: An Evaluation of Patterns in Productivity
Authors: Romme W. , Knight D.
Published: July 2020

This study was initiated in 1982 to critically evaluate the evidence (Varley 1974, Shero and Parker 1977) that primary productivity in Yellowstone Lake has decreased during the last 1500 years with an accelerated decline in the last century. Our specific objectives were the following: 1. Assemble, summarize, and evaluate existing data and observations related to the past and present trophic status of Yellowstone Lake; 2. Identify all possible explanations for the observed pattern in lake productivity, both long-term (last 1500 years) and recent (last 100 years), and summarize and evaluate existing evidence to support or refute each proposed explanation; and 3. Collect new data to test one attractive hypothesis that has been mentioned frequently but never examined closely, namely that changes in the nutrient status and productivity of the lake are related, at least in part, to the effects of large fires in the watershed (Varley 1974, Romme and Knight 1982).
Summary of Research Activities within the National Park Service Areas Cooperating with the U.W.-N.P.S. Research Center, 1985
Authors: National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a summary of Research Activities within the National Park Service areas cooperating with the U.W.-N.P.S. Research Center in 1985, including Bighorn Canyon National Recreation Area, Canyonlands National Park, Capitol Reef National Park, Custer Battlefield National Monument, Devils Tower National Monument, Dinosaur National Monument, Fort Laramie National Historic Site, Glacier National Park, Glen Canyon National Recreation Area, Golden Spike National Historic Site, Grand Teton National Park, Jewel Cave National Monument, Knife River Indian Villages National Historic Site, Theodore Roosevelt National Park, Wine Cave National Park, Yellowstone National Park and Zion National Park.
Effects of Land Use Activities on the North Fork of the Flathead River Basin within Glacier National Park
Authors: Raley Catherine , Hubert Wayne , Anderson Stanley
Published: July 2020

At least 56 external threats which endanger the ecology of Glacier National Park (GNP) have been identified (National Park Service 1980). And while this is a park wide situation, Park managers have identified the North Fork Basin of the Flathead River as a region that is particularly sensitive to external land use activities, and as a unique unit within the Park. This area possesses substantial wilderness features (solitude, primitiveness), and provides habitat for threatened and endangered species such as the grizzly bear, gray wolf, and bald eagle, as well as other species of special interest like the westslope cutthroat and bull trout. We proposed a problem solving analysis to develop a cause and effect model for evaluating the impacts of external land use activities on the North Fork system within GNP. The cause and effect model would provide a qualitative assessment of the impacts on the natural resources of the Park, as well as on recreational quality. The specific objectives of this project were: 1. Identify the problem that exists in the North Fork region; 2. Identify the causes and effects of the environmental problem; 3. Identify tasks to help solve the problem; and 4. Provide a methodology which could be used to help organize and solve problems that the involved agencies might encounter.
Habitat Utilization of Harlequin Ducks
Authors: Wallen Richard , Eng Robert
Published: July 2020

During the 1986 field season, 89 Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) were individually identified on four backcountry streams and the Snake River. Forty-eight birds were banded (15 adults and 33 young of the year). Twelve adults and one young of the year banded in 1985 returned to the study area. Eight broods were found. Hatch dates ranged from 15 July to 1 Aug with a mean brood size of 5.4. An estimate of age span at different plumage subclasses was determined through repeated observations. Age at first flight was found to be 42 days. Moose Creek produced the most broods (4). Insect samples were taken at feeding sites along four streams on a monthly basis to give some insight into food resources. Eight measurements of habitat were taken at points where ducks were observed and at 200 m intervals along the streams which they were found. Five hens which showed up in late June 1985 as unpaired birds returned to the same streams this season with mates. None of the marked hens with broods found in 1985 were seen on the study area in 1986.
A Baseline Study of Bryophytes and Air Quality in the Theodore Roosevelt National Park
Authors: Bilderback David
Published: July 2020

The objectives of the research are threefold. The first objective is to prepare a moss flora by collecting, identifying and preparing herbarium specimens of taxa collected from all distinctive habitats of the three units of Theodore Roosevelt National Park. The second objective is to survey the prepared moss flora for SO2-sensitive species, and the third is to select species of mosses for elemental analysis.
RESEARCH BIBLIOGRAPHY FOR JACKSON HOLE BIOLOGICAL STATION (1951-1975) AND U.W.-N.P.S. RESEARCH CENTER (1975-1986)
Authors: National Park Service Research Center University of Wyoming
Published: July 2020

This section contains a Research Bibliography for Jackson Hole Biological Station for 1951-1975 and U.S.-N.P.S. Research Center for 1975-1986