bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does Adolescents’ Depressive Symptoms Increase the Possibility of Addictive Internet Gaming?: 1-year Follow up Study in Korea
Authors: Jo S.J. , Yim H.W. , Hyunsuk J. , Eunjin K. , Hye-Jung S. , Hae Koo L.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Adolescents’ Internet gaming disorders might influence on their social and psychological developmental tasks and physical health negatively. Depression is the commonly co-existed conditions with addictive Internet gaming, but not much research has been reported whether depressive symptoms would precede the addictive Internet gaming in this population.

Objectives

This prospective observation study was performed to make clear whether adolescents’ depressive symptoms precede their addictive Internet gaming.

Aims

Adolescents’ 1-year incidence of the addictive Internet gaming was calculated, and test their depressive symptoms increase the incidence.

Methods

In Korea, whole students of the 1st grade in three middle schools were participated in this study. Baseline assessment of 508 students was performed via standardized self-reported questionnaire on May–June, 2015. Internet game use-elicited symptom screen (IGUESS) was used to addictive Internet gaming conditions. IGUESS is the 9-itemed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria-based instrument to screen high risk of Internet gaming disorders. Depressive symptoms was measured by Child Depression Inventory (CDI) group. One year after the baseline assessment, follow-up assessment was performed. Four hundred and forty-eight students have been participated in the 1-year check up without addictive Internet gaming at baseline.

Results

In total, 4.7% of subjects had depressive symptoms at baseline, and incidence of addictive Internet gaming was 9.2%. After adjusted by sex, Internet game use per week, and self-control status, depressive symptoms of baseline increased the 1-year incidence of addictive Internet gaming significantly (OR = 3.5, P = 0.034).

Conclusions

Depressive adolescents have higher possibility they could experience the addictive Internet gaming.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Some Personality Traits in Patients with Bipolar II Disorder
Authors: Zuljan Cvitanovic M. , Stipetic I. , Lasic D.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Bipolar I disorder (BD I) is characterised by at least one full-manic episode. In bipolar II disorder (BD II), all upswings are hypomanic, which means they never reach full-blown mania. Therefore, BD II evolves into BD I, but BD I can never evolve into BD II. Differential diagnosis of patients evaluated for BD II should include BD I, major depressive disorder (MDD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Patients with BPD often have the same type of severely disrupted life as well as patients with BD II because of the multiple episodes of significant mood disorder symptoms.

Objectives

Establishing some personality traits in patients suffering from BD II, their relationship and predictability.

Methods

The test group was formed out of 55 patients diagnosed with BD II in remission phase from 2012 until 2015. Three measuring instruments were used: Eysenck's Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Self-destruction Scale (SAD) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI).

Results

We calculated the prevalence of personality traits (neuroticism, psychoticism, elements of borderline personality Disorder), their correlation and predictive validity.

Conclusion

We established the prevalence of neuroticism, elements of Borderline Personality Disorder and their significant predictability in patients with BD II in remission.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Emotional Expression and Culture: Implications from Nine Arab Countries
Authors: Abu-Hamda B. , Soliman A. , Babekr A. , Bellaj T.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

There is a notion that emotional expression is universal, yet it is subject to cultural variations. Research in this field has studied cultural extremes in European, American and East Asian cultures. However, very little is known about the differences in emotional expression in the Arab subcultures.

Objective

Exploring the differences between the emotional reactions among the nine Arab subcultures.

Aims (1) Examining the cultural differences in emotional reactions; (2) examining the differences between Muslim and non-Muslim individuals; (3) exploring the differences between Arabs and non-Arabs.

Methods

Several real life scenarios including 15 different stressful situations and 15 non-stressful situations were presented to 40 individuals from the nine Arab subcultures. The participants were aged between 18 to 40 years of age. The subjects were randomly classified into groups depending on whether they were Arabs or non-Arabs and according to whether they were Muslims or non-Muslims. The subjects’ emotional reactions were measured by means of Likert-like items.

Results

The results showed that there were no significant differences among the nine Arab subcultures in their emotional reactions to the non-stressful situations. However, there were significant differences among the Arab subcultures in the stressful situations. Moreover, both religion and ethics were strong predictors of the differences in the emotional reactions that varied between subjects in their cultural group. The Arab Muslims tended to express more anger but the Arab non-Muslims expressed more sadness.

Conclusions

Emotional expression is impacted by ones’ cultural background and is particularly influenced by religion and ethics. Although Arab countries share the same language, they express emotions differently.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Family Environment as Predictor of Adolescents’ Loneliness
Authors: Balážová M. , Gallová I. , Praško J. , Šlepecký M. , Kotianová A.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

At the present time, adolescents are in particular vulnerable to feelings of loneliness. They are gradually emancipating from their family and establish relationships with peers. Among the important predictors of loneliness belong genetic and personal variables and factors of social environment.

Objectives and aims

To examine predictors of adolescents’ loneliness which are located in family environment. To find out how empathy, emotional relationship and control by both of parents contribute to loneliness of adolescent boys and girls.

Methods

We examined 206 adolescents in the age from 10 to 18 years through Basic Empathy Scale, Parenting Style Scale and UCLA Loneliness Scale. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used for data analysis.

Results

The significant predictors of boys’ loneliness in family environment are emotional relationship of mother and affective empathy of father. The significant predictors of girls’ loneliness include emotional relationship and cognitive empathy of father. Parental control is not a significant predictor of adolescents’ loneliness.

Conclusion

Adolescents’ loneliness is largely influenced by factors of family environment. Our study highlights the role of emotional relationship provided by the opposite sex parent. Cold behavior of the opposite sex parent could reduce self-esteem and self-confidence of adolescents. Both could help them establish relationships with peers and people outside family, thus protecting them against loneliness. A significant predictor of boys’ and girls’ loneliness is also empathy of father. We recommend to make use of our findings in clinical practice with adolescents, in family therapy as well as in context of attachment.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Resilient Coping and Social Networks in Old Age
Authors: Daniel F. , Antunes A. , Guadalupe S. , Massano-Cardoso I. , Vicente H.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Both resilient coping strategies and the structural/functional characteristics of personal social networks are considered important factors when facing adversity and the challenges inherent to the aging process.

Objectives

To analyze the association between the configurations of ego-centred networks and different levels of resilient coping in a sample of elderly people.

Methods

Quantitative, cross-sectional study comparing groups, with 512 participants, mostly women (n = 325; 63.5%), married (n = 264; 51.5%), with 76 years old in average (SD ± 7.6), and with basic education (n = 261; 51%). We used a socio-demographic questionnaire, the IARSP-Elderly (personal social network assessment tool) and the Brief Resilient Coping Scale for data collection.

Results

We found different levels of resilient coping in our sample: low (50.4%); medium (38,7%); strong (10.9%). These three levels of coping were associated with the composition of ego-centred networks, namely the proportion of friends and colleagues (P < 0.05), different perceived emotional support, reciprocity and satisfaction with the network (P < 0.05), frequency of contacts and relationships’ durability (P < 0.05).

Conclusions

Higher levels of coping are associated with a larger proportion of friends in the network, whereas the familistic networks are associated with low coping. Although participants in our study revealed mainly kin comprised networks, these results reflect the relevance of resilient coping in the activation of non-kin relationships in old age.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Being Afraid of Compassion: Fears of Compassion as Mediators Between Early Emotional Memories and Psychopathological Symptoms in Adulthood
Authors: Matos M. , Duarte J. , Pinto-Gouveia J.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

There is evidence suggesting that for some individuals self-generating compassion and being open to compassion from others can be difficult or aversive. To date, however, no study has explored how these fears of compassion are associated with early emotional memories, such as shame or safeness memories, and to symptoms of depression and anxiety in adulthood. The current study set out to investigate the mediator effect of fears of compassion on the relationship between the traumatic and centrality features of shame memories, early memories of warmth and safeness, and symptoms of depression and anxiety.

Method

In this cross-sectional study, participants were 302 individuals (171 women; age M = 36.28; SD = 11.45) recruited from the general community population, who completed self-report measures of fears of compassion (for self, for others and from others), shame memories, safeness memories, depression and anxiety.

Results

Path analysis showed that fears of compassion for self and of receiving compassion from others mediated the effects of shame traumatic memory, centrality of shame memory and early memories of warmth and safeness on depressive and anxiety symptoms. Fear of compassion for self was the best predictor of depression and anxiety.

Conclusions

Fears of compassion may render an individual more vulnerable to defeat and threat responses when faced with stressful life events, which can manifest as symptoms of depression or anxiety. Clinical implications might be derived from these findings as these fears, as well as the negative emotional memories fuelling them, may need to be addressed in therapy to assist patients in self-generating and receiving compassion.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Atypical onset of a manic episode in adolescence – case report
Authors: Isac A. , Bianca P.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The clinical practice and available literature attest the presence of affective symptoms in psychosis and affective disorders with psychotic elements, allowing their conceptualization as entities of the same nosologic spectrum.

Objective

The description of a clinical picture that is part of the aforementioned pathology, installed under a treatment that has indication in the spectrum, which leads to supporting different pathophysiological mechanisms of those pathologies.

Aim

Presentation of an atypical onset of a manic episode in adolescence.

Method

At the age of 14, a male adolescent had an acute psychotic episode, in complete remission after three months of treatment with risperidone. The antipsychotic treatment continued for seven months, when the adolescent had a decompensation consisting in a manic episode.

Results

Considering the mode of onset of the manic episode, we have assumed a lack of compliance with the antipsychotic medication. The mother denies this possibility. We have continued the treatment with risperidone, which had no effect over the manic clinical picture, and we added valproic acid, failing to alleviate the symptoms. The clinical picture improved, with complete remission, under treatment with aripiprazole and valproic acid. After a month in which he refused to take the medication, the patient had another decompensation in the form of a manic episode with psychotic symptoms. This time we have decided to start long-acting injectable antipsychotic medication.

Conclusion

Through this case study, the authors wish to bring into notice the surprises that the clinical practice still offers and the necessity to research the underlining pathophysiological aspects of the disorder.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Effectiveness of attention-shaping training in reinforcing attention and academic development and self-efficacy for primary school children with attention deficit hyperactive disorder
Authors: Nazer M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The present research have done with concentration on examining the impact of selected and divided attention-shaping training in reinforcing attention and the academic improvement and self-efficacy of primary school children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder.

Method

The research method was a quasi-experimental design with per- and post-test and follow-up with control group. Statistical society contained all of the primary school children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in Rafsanjan City. Forty children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder were chosen by the method of random sampling and randomly assigned in control and experimental groups (20 children in experimental group and 20 children in control group). At first in pretest stage used academic self-efficacy questionnaire and the software of selected and divided attention. For measurements of academic improvement were used the scores of a teacher build test mathematic and spelling. Then, experimental group take 8 sessions education of selected and divided attention-shaping Training. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measurement test.

Results

Results of this research show that selected and divided attention training improved the amount of divided and selected attention and academical improvement of children < but it's not effective significantly on reaction time and academic self-efficacy of children with attention deficit disorder-hyperactivity.

Conclusion

Attention training can be effective to increase attention and academical achievement in children with ADHD.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Misdiagnosis of loin pain hematuria syndrome as a somatization disorder
Authors: De Jonge L. , Petrykiv S. , Fennema J. , Arts M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Loin pain hematuria syndrome (LPHS) is a rare kidney disease with a prevalence of −0.012%. Its clinical features include periods of severe uni-or bilateral lion pain, accompanied by (microscopic) hematuria. It is often misdiagnosed as a psychiatric condition, particularly under the heading of a somatization disorder.

Objectives

We describe the case of a patient who developed depressive symptoms after decades of suffering from severe intermittent bilateral loin pain.

Aims

To report a case-study, describing LPHS as a cause of severe chronic pain and persistent depressive symptoms.

Methods

A case-study is presented and discussed, followed by a literature review.

Results

A 55-year-female was referred to a psychiatrist for her depressive symptoms and persistent periods of severe unilateral or bilateral lion pain and intermittent hematuria for over 25 years. There she was diagnosed with a depression and somatization disorder. She received amitriptyline for many years, without any effect. Finally, the patient opted for a second opinion in an academic hospital in Belgium where it was quickly discovered. After surgery, including renal denervation and kidney autotransplantation, her somatic problems and depressive mood disappeared.

Conclusions

The awareness of LPHS is still very limited in medicine. This may lead to incorrect diagnoses, including psychiatric disorders such as somatization disorder. More awareness could lead to earlier diagnosis and prevent the consequences of severe debilitating pain.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Public perception of mental illness in Oman: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Alawi M. Al , Sinawi H. Al , AL-Adawi S. , Jeyaseelan L. , MurthiP S.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Stigma toward mental illness is an international phenomena and it has negative consequences on the patients and their families. Studies on public attitudes toward people with mental illness (PWMI) in the Arab world initially reported less prevalence of stigma compared to other societies; however, follow up studies showed that stigma was influenced by specific socio-cultural factors.

Aims

This study aims to examine public attitudes toward people with mental illness in Oman and the impact of socio-demographic factors.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional survey conducted among the general public in Oman. The attitude was measured via the Attitude toward Mental Illness (AMI) questionnaire. Various demographic factors were examined including age, place of residence, occupation and previous encounter with PWMI. The data were collected using online research methods.

Results

A total of 601 subjects participated in this study, (M: 41.4%, F: 58.6%). 48% of the participants were aged 15–30 years while 46% were aged 31–45 years. The majority of the participants were employed and 10% were students. After adjusting for all other variables, subjects aged (15–30years) had less positive attitude compared to those aged (46–60 years) (P = 0.06). Socio-demographic factors such as gender, occupation and previous contact were correlated with the endorsement of positive attitudes toward PWMI.

Conclusion

This study illustrated that public attitudes toward PWMI in Oman is generally sub-optimal. The observed attitudes were strongly influenced by age, gender, occupation and previous exposure to PWMI. Future studies with robust methodology are recommended to scrutinize the present findings.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Presence of somatic symptoms (especially pain) in patients with depresive disorder and its impact on quality of life, and possible involvement with anhedonia
Authors: Morenilla A.L. Pérez , Salazar A. , Failde I. , Mico J.A.
Published: June 2017

Depressive Disorder, according to WHO will be one of the most disabling causes in the world. Depression includes psychological and somatic symptoms, like anhedonia or pain, and both have a bidirectional relationship, so that the presence and severity of one of them directly affects the other one, and both leads to a disruption in quality of life and increase health resources. The relationship between major depression and chronic pain has been widely investigated but few studies have focused on other depressive spectrum disorders, and never the possible relationship between pain and anhedonia in DD. Our aim is to analyse the presence of somatic symptoms (especially pain) in patients with DD and its impact on quality of life, and involvement with anhedonia. We analysed the correlation between the scores of the HADS, SSI-28, SHAPS and SF-36 scales. Results showed a significant correlation between SSI-28 and HADS-A(r = 0.45; P < 0.001), HADS-D(r = 0.35; P < 0.001) and with 7 of the 8 domains of SF-36: Bodily Pain(r = –0.62; P < 0.001), General Health(r = –0.29; P = 0.003), Role Physical(r = –0.45; P < 0.001) Mental Health(r = –0.34; P = 0.003), Vitality(r = –0.403; P < 0.001), Social Functioning(r = –0.37; P < 0.001). In addition, SHAPS correlates with 6 of the 8 domains of SF-36: PF(r = –0.33; P = 0.001), GH(r = –0.27; P = 0.006), Vit (r = –0.41; P < 0.001), SF(r = –0.52; P < 0.001), RE(r = –0.24; P < 0.001) and MH(r = –0.49; P < 0.001). The results demonstrate that both anhedonia and somatic symptoms negatively correlate with HRQoL, and that a bidirectional relationship between depression and somatic symptoms is clearly proven, which means that depression may be related with the presence of somatic symptoms, especially pain, and also somatic symptoms lead to an increase of depressive symptoms. This could impact on the diagnosis and treatment of depressed patients with somatic symptoms and anhedonia.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Antidepressants and sexual dysfunction: study with vortioxetina
Authors: Olivares O. Porta , Ruiz M. Juncal , Puente B. Fernández Abascal , Revuelta M. Gómez , Herrera M. Pérez , Ayala L. Garcia , Rodríguez R. Landera , Morales N.I. Nuñez , Jenaro G. Pardo de Santayana , Blanco L. Sánchez
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Antidepressant treatment, although it is effective to improve the manifestations of major depression, may also induce or exacerbate some symptoms of sexual dysfunction. Symptoms such as decreased libido, anorgasmia, delayed ejaculation, erection difficulty or dyspareunia, affect the quality of life of the subject who suffers and the self-esteem, can lead to lack of adherence to treatment and in accordingly, the relapse of depressive symptoms. Serotonergic antidepressants are frequently associated with the onset of sexual dysfunction in sexually active patients exceeding 70%. Clinicians underestimate the actual incidence of dysfunction as the technical specifications of drugs show lower levels than 25% and spontaneous reports of patients do not exceed 20-40%.

Aims

Vortioxetina is a reuptake inhibitor of serotonin (5-HT) and is also an agonist of the 5-HT1A partial agonist 5-HT1B and an antagonist of 5-HT3, 5-HT1D and 5-HT7. Apparently, this molecule at doses of between 5 and 15 mg is safe and effective and does not cause sexual dysfunction. It is a well-tolerated and safe, with low incidence of sexual dysfunction.

Methods

To evaluate the action we have evaluated sexual dysfunction in patients with major depression before receiving treatment vortioxetina (whether state or not previously treated with other antidepressants) and at 2, 6 and 12 months after starting treatment with the drug. So we’ve used the SALSex scale (Scale for measuring sexual dysfunction secondary to psychotropic drugs).

Results

The results of this study are still being analyzed.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
What relationship between eating disorders and alexithymia among medical students?
Authors: Messedi N. , Feki I. , Masmoudi R. , Saguem B.N. , Masmoudi J.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The student population seems to be vulnerable to eating disorders (ED) but is this in relation to their ability to express their emotions or alexithymia?

Objectives

Studying the prevalence of ED and alexithymia among medical students, and establish the relationship between these entities.

Methods

It was a cross-sectional study of 97 students in Sfax University Medicine (Tunisia). We used:

– a questionnaire containing demographic and clinical data;

– Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26): a score ≥ 20 indicates ED;

– Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20): a score ≥ 61 indicates alexithymia.

Results

The average age of participants was 24.07 years (± 2.71); the sex ratio (M/W) was 0.4. Their average BMI was 22.85 kg/m2 (± 3.36). They were smoking in 36.1% and sedentary in 43.3% of case. They had a nibbling activity in 57.7%. The average score of the EAT-26 was 11.66 ± 8.66 and prevalence of TCA was 19.6%. The average score of TAS-20 was 50.92, 0.46 and alexithymia was found in 16.5% of students. ED was significantly correlated with nibbling (P = 0.02), BMI or overweight (P = 0.012), smoking (P = 0.006) and physical inactivity (P < 0.00). Also alexithymia was significantly correlated with smoking (P = 0.003) and physical inactivity (P = 0.025). A significant correlation was found between alexithymia and ED (P = 0.008).

Conclusion

It is clear from our study an association between alexithymia and the ED. Psychological support aimed specifically alexithymic dimension is indispensable, not only for decreasing the emergence of ED but also contributing to lower any addictive behavior.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The impact of the economic crisis on mental health in Portugal: A qualitative approach
Authors: Antunes A. , Frasquilho D. , Silva M. , Cardoso G. , Ferrão J. , Caldas de Almeida J.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Portugal is among the European countries with higher prevalence of mental disorders, associated with substantial unmet needs for treatment. Literature on the impact of the economic recession shows that an increased risk of mental health problems is likely to occur. Despite possible growing needs, the budget cuts at the health system level may have decreased the adequacy of care response. Understanding the impacts of the recession in psychological distress and in access and quality of care is imperative to set public health priorities.

Objectives

Resorting to a qualitative approach, this study aims to explore the perceptions and experiences of primary health care users and professionals during the recession in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area.

Aims

Provide in depth information regarding the specific contexts and subjective experiences of key informants during the economic recession that started in 2008.

Methods

This study design resorts to focus groups with primary health care users and semi-structured interviews with health professionals. All interviews were recorded and transcribed verbatim. Inductive approach and thematic analysis were performed, using NVivo 10.

Results

This study explores the views and insights of users and health professionals regarding their socio-economic context, mental health needs, changes in health services and possible solutions to alleviate the impact of the economic recession.

Conclusions

Being based on the perspectives of users and health professionals, this approach will complement epidemiological evidence for policy-making.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Prevalence of depression in psychiatry trainees in 22 countries: Findings from the international burnout syndrome study (BoSS)
Authors: Beezhold J.N. , Durant D. , Ginzler A. , Sherman R. , Podlesek A. , Jovanovic N.
Published: June 2017

Aims

The Burnout Syndrome Study screened for burnout in psychiatric trainees in 22 countries, along with associated factors. This paper reports the results of the PHQ-9 depression screen that formed part of the study.

Background

It is well documented that physicians have higher rates of mental illness compared to the general population. Post-graduate medical trainees may work long hours and be exposed to stressful or saddening situations regularly. Their environment and workload means they may not exhibit appropriate help-seeking behaviours and be at significant risk of depression.

Methods

The study used a cross sectional, multi-country online survey. Participants were asked to participate via an email invitation. The participants were asked to complete the PHQ-9 questionnaire, which is validated as a primary care self-administered screen for depression. Mixed methodology was used when recruiting trainees to obtain the most representative sample possible from each country. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS.

Results

Complete data was obtained from 1980 trainees with an average age of 31.9 years and with 2.8 years of training. The prevalence of depression in psychiatric trainees varied by country from 50% in Latvia to 7.1% in Belarus. The average rate of depression was 20.8%.

Conclusions

Prevalence of depression in the US general population is estimated at 6.7%, making the prevalence of depression in trainees of 20.8% a sign that action needs to be taken to reduce depression rates in trainees.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Psychoeducation Trauma Intervention for Refugee Women Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Bramble R.M.
Published: June 2017

For intimate partner violence survivors, groups are helpful in that they reduce the sense of isolation, which accompanies trauma survivors as well as provides a sense of belongingness. Judith Herman states that survivors of gender-based violence in particular, suffer from the secrecy, shame and stigma that are predictable social consequences of this form of violation. Moreover, intimate partner violence increases when women are isolated from their families, communities and peers. For refugee women, the shame associated with migration trauma, along with having an undocumented status is prevalent and keeps them from seeking services. The psychoeducation 8 session intervention helps this vulnerable population understand the physiological response stress, trauma and post traumatic stress disorder. Once symptoms have been identified, sessions enable women to reduce the symptoms by utilizing methods of self-care. Cultural specific material for Latina undocumented IPV survivors in New York City with integration of breath work, sensorimotor, music and easy movements will be highlighted to demonstrate intervention.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Emotional Schemas: A New Cognitive Perspective for the Distinction Between Unipolar Depression and Bipolar Disorder
Authors: Onur O.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Clinicians need to make the differential diagnosis between unipolar depression and bipolar disorder to guide their treatment choices. Looking at the differences observed in the emotional schemas might help with this differentiation. This study is an exploratory investigation of schema theory's Leahy's emotional schemas among individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder and unipolar depression.

Methods

Three groups of subjects 56 unipolar depression in the remission period, 70 bipolar eutimic and 58 healthy controls were asked to fill out the Leahy Emotional Schema Scale (LESS). The clinicians diagnosed the participants according to the criteria of DSM-IV-TR with SCID-I, and rated the moods of the subjects with the Beck Depression Scale, and the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS). Statistical analyses were undertaken to identify the group differences on LESS.

Results

The bipolar eutimic and unipolar depression patients’ scores on the LESS dimensions were significantly different from the healthy participants in the areas of control, consensus, acceptance of feelings, dissimilarity and simplistic view of emotions.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the metacognitive model of unipolar depression might be extrapolated for patients with bipolar disorder. Bipolar disorder may be associated with a general activation of the emotional schemas.

Disclosure of interest

The author has not supplied his/her declaration of competing interest.
Study on Female Refugees – A Representative Research Study on Refugee Women in Germany
Authors: Sönmez E. , Jesuthasan J. , Abels I. , Nassar R. , Kurmeyer C. , Schouler-Ocak M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Germany is one of the European countries that receive the highest number of refugees for the last years, with around 468 thousand asylum seekers in the first half of 2016. However, the increase in the speed of short-term procedures regarding refugees may at the same time overlook the risks regarding specific populations. Moreover, women and children constitute the most vulnerable groups during war and conflicts and the worst effects, in terms of physical, mental and social consequences, develop on these groups.

Objectives

To understand deeply the psychosocial situation of female refugees that have arrived in Federal German Republic, to assess their challenges and resources before, during and after the displacement and to propose recommendations for policy changes.

Methods

The study consists of two modules, taking place in five states in Federal German Republic, including Berlin, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Bayern, Hessen und Mainz. In the first step, a representative stratified sample of female refugees from Syria, Iraq, Iran, Afghanistan, Somali and Eritrea are recruited. The quantitative study instrument include a socio-demographic question form and HSCL-Hopkins checklist, Harvard Trauma questionnaire, Beck depressions inventory, EUROHIS–QOL and SCL-14. In the second step, a qualitative in-depth analysis of focus group meetings is conducted.

Results and conclusions

There is an urgent need to take action for the mental health problems of refugees. This study constitutes one of the most extensive researches, especially on a subpopulation of refugees that requires specific attention. Challenges faced throughout the protocol and detailed results will be shared as presentation.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Portuguese Validation of the Perfectionism Self Presentation Scale
Authors: Pereira A.T. , Marques C. , Martins M.J. , Araújo A.I. , Cabaços C. , Brito M.J. , Mendonça L. , Macedo A.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Perfectionist Self Presentation represents the interpersonal expression of perfectionism wherein individuals engage in strategies that promote their supposed perfection and conceal their perceived imperfections (Hewitt et al., 2003).

Objective

To investigate the psychometric properties of the Portuguese version of the Perfectionist Self Presentation Scale/PSPS.

Methods

Two hundred and eighty-six university students (69.2% females; mean age = 21.09 ± 2.133) answered the Portuguese preliminary version of the PSPS, and the Portuguese validated versions of: Multidimensional Perfectionism Scales, Dirty Dozen and Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. To study the temporal stability, 30 participants (66.7% females) answered the PSPS again after six weeks. SPSS and MPlus were used.

Results

The PSPS Cronbach alpha was .91. The test-retest correlation coefficient was .66 (P < .01). Exploratory factor analysis resulted in a three dimension's model (χ2 = 1974.015, P < .01; RMSEA = 0.079, 90% CI = 0.069–0.088; CFI = 0.869; TLI = 0.812; SRMR = 0.046). The three factors presented good internal consistency: F1 Perfectionist self-presentation (PSPS; a = .85), F2 Interpersonal Concern over mistakes (ICM; a = .79); F3 Perfectionist image (PI; a = .70).

PSP and ICM (and PI with fewer significant coefficients and lower magnitudes) were moderately to highly correlate with personal standards, concern over mistakes, doubts about action, self-oriented perfectionism and social prescribed perfectionism (≥ .40). Correlations with narcissism and machiavellianism, anxiety and stress were moderate (r = .30) (all P < .01).

Conclusions

The Portuguese version of PSPS has good reliability and validity, with the factorial model presenting an acceptable fit (Hair et al., 2004). It could be very useful both in clinical and research contexts, namely in an ongoing research project on the relationship between perfectionism and interpersonal functioning.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
The Factor Structure of the Portuguese Version of the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5)
Authors: Pires R. , Sousa Ferreira A. , Gonçalves B.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

The DSM-5 Section III proposes a dimensional-categorical model of conceptualizing personality and its disorders, which includes assessment of impairments in personality functioning (criterion A) and maladaptive personality traits (criterion B). The Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5) is a self-report, composed of 220 items, organized into 25 facets nested in five domains of personality differences, and was developed to operationalize criterion B.

Objectives

This study explores the factor structure of the Portuguese adaptation of the PID-5.

Aims

The five-factor structure that has emerged in previous studies with the PID-5 (cf. Krueger & Markon) is expected to be replicated in the current study.

Methods

Exploratory factor analyses with varimax oblique rotation were conducted on a sample of Portuguese adults from the general population (n = 379, Mage = 31.49, SD = 14.16, 25.3% males, 74.7% females).

Results

A six factor structure was retained in which the first 5 factors resemble the PID-5 domains. The model showed good fit indices (KMO = 0.897). The total explained variance was 68.25%. All the facets but four had primary loadings on the expected factor.

Conclusions

The similarity of results across studies and nationalities contributes to the validation of the Portuguese translation of the PID-5 and highlights the structural resemblance among the DSM-5 model and the five factor model (FFM) and the personality psychopathology-five model (PSY-5), drawing attention to the relevance of these models for the diagnosis of Personality Disorders.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Measuring Motivation in Patients with Schizophrenia with Apathy Evaluation Scale (AES). Pilot Study of the Russian Version
Authors: Minyaycheva M. , Kiselnikova K. , Movina L. , Gladyshev I. , Papsuev O.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Reduction of mental productivity and motivation in patients with schizophrenia is one of the core features of negative symptoms of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Lack of motivation affects social functioning and outcomes, reduces effects of psychosocial treatment and rehabilitation.

Objectives

To research AES abilities in measuring motivation in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The aim of the study was to investigate correlations of Russian translation of clinician-rated and self-rated versions with PANSS amotivation subscale and negative subscale items.

Methods

Fifty patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders were recruited to participate in the study and were assessed with PANSS, AES-C and AES-S by trained raters. Only patients in “stabilized” state that met inclusion criteria of PANSS total score ≤ 80 points were eligible for consecutive AES assessment.

Results

Overall, moderate positive correlations were established between AES-C and PANSS amotivation subscale N2 and N4 items, N6 item and total PANSS negative subscale. No significant correlations with G16 item were registered. AES-C and AES-S versions also showed positive Spearman correlations (r = 0.43; P < 0.05), while no correlations between AES-S and amotivation PANSS items were registered.

Discussion

Moderately strong correlations between AES-C and PANSS N2, N4 and N6 items show feasibility of AES-C version in terms of measuring motivation in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Results of AES-S analysis demonstrate certain problems in patients’ abilities in self-assessing motivation. Patients with prevailing paranoid syndrome showed poorer results in AES-S scores.

Conclusions

AES-C is a sensitive psychometric tool with good properties in measuring amotivation in patients with schizophrenia.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Assessment of Suicide-related Knowledge and Skills in a Sample of Health Professionals and Students
Authors: Pompili M. , Erbuto D. , Innamorati M. , Migliorati M. , Girardi P.
Published: June 2017

Objective

Assessment of suicide risk is of paramount importance for proper prevention.

Aims

To examine the association between gatekeeper training and suicide-related knowledge among a diverse set of health care workers (psychiatrists, nurses, psychologists, and educators) and students enrolled in medical and psychological schools who took part in the world suicide prevention day 2015 conference.

Method

Among 223 participants who completed the assessment, 204 provided complete data for analyses. Participants were administered the applied suicide intervention skills training (ASIST), a 13-item survey questionnaire to assess participants’ knowledge about suicidal behavior and comfort dealing with suicidal clients. There were 62 psychiatrists; 23 nurses, 51 psychologists, 11 educators, and 57 university students.

Results

Among participants, 57.1% of the sample had experiences of suicide a patient (students were excluded from these analyses). Those who reported a suicide among patients (compared with others) less frequently answered that suicide risk is more alarming in older adults than youths. They also less frequently disagreed with questions asking if they had the training to deal with suicidal patients. Students more frequently answered correctly on the association between depression and suicide risk, and less frequently chose the correct answer on the seriousness of suicide intent in borderline personality disorder. Students also more frequently disagreed with questions asking on their suicide assessment skill.

Conclusions

Our study highlights that differences exist when it comes to knowledge and skills related to suicide risk assessment both among health professionals and students. Our results also indicate that suicide awareness among these groups should be promoted.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Family-based Whole Exome Sequencing of Autism Spectrum Disorder Reveals Novel De Novo Variants in Korean Population
Authors: Yoo H. , Kim S.A. , Park M. , Kim J. , Lim W.J. , Noh D.H. , Han D.W. , Shin C. , Kim N.
Published: June 2017

Objectives

The objective of this family-based whole exome sequencing (WES) is to examine genetic variants of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Korean population.

Methods

The probands with ASD and their biological parents were recruited in this study. We ascertained diagnosis based on DSM-5™ criteria, using Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule and Autism Diagnostic Interview–Revised. We selected probands with typical phenotypes of ASD both in social interaction/communication and repetitive behaviour/limited interest domains, with intellectual disability (IQ < 70), for attaining homogeneity of the phenotypes. First, we performed WES minimum 50× for 13 probands and high-coverage pooled sequencing for their parents. We performed additional WES for 38 trio families, at least 100× depth. De novo mutations were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. All the sequence reads were mapped onto the human reference genome (hg19 without Y chromosome). Bioinformatics analyses were performed by BWA-MEM, Picard, GATK, and snpEff for variant annotation. We selected de novo mutation candidates from probands, which are neither detected in two pooled samples nor both parents.

Results

Fifty-one subjects with ASD (5 females, 40∼175 months, mean IQ 42) and their families were included in this study. We discovered 109 de novo variants from 46 families. Twenty-nine variants are expected to be amino acid changing, potentially causing deleterious effects. We assume CELSR3, MYH1, ATXN1, IDUA, NFKB1, and C4A/C4B may have adverse effect on central nerve system.

Conclusions

We observed novel de novo variants which are assumed to contribute to development of ASD with typical phenotypes and low intelligence in WES study.

Disclosure of interest

This work has been supported by Healthcare Technology R&D project (No: A120029) by Ministry of Health and Welfare, Republic of Korea.
Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and of symptoms of anxiety and depression in patients undergoing colonoscopy
Authors: Marchi M. , Alboni S. , Fabbrizi A. , Feltri L. , Galli G. , Guicciardi A. , Mancini S. , Mattei G. , Minarini A. , Perrone D. , Rioli G. , Roncucci L. , Sena P. , Ferrari S.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined by metabolic and cardio-vascular impairments and is frequently associated with anxiety and depressive disorders. Both MetS and anxiety-depressive syndromes feature similar systemic inflammatory alterations. Inflammation of the large bowel is also a key factor for the development of colorectal cancer (CRC).

Objective

To measure the prevalence of MetS and symptoms of anxiety and depression among patients undergoing colonoscopy.

Methods

Cross-sectional study. Patients undergoing colonoscopy aged 40 or more, with negative history for neoplasia or inflammatory bowel disease, were enrolled. Data collected: colonoscopy outcome, presence/absence of MetS (IDF and ATP III criteria), presence/absence of depressive and anxiety symptoms assessed with HADS.

Results

The sample was made up of 53 patients (female 24, 45.3%). Mean age was 60.66 ± 9.08. At least one adenoma was found to 23 patients (43.3%). Prevalence of MetS ranged from 34% to 36% (ATP III and IDF criteria, respectively). Prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 20% and 33%, respectively.

Conclusion

Prevalence of MetS, anxiety and depressive symptoms among patients undergoing colonoscopy was higher than in the general population.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Hope, self-stigma, personality traits and quality of life in patients with psychotic disorders
Authors: Vrbova K. , Prasko J. , Latalova K. , Kamaradova D. , Ociskova M. , Marackova M. , Holubova M. , Slepecky M.
Published: June 2017

Introduction

Recently, as a result of an increased emphasis on patients’ needs, the awareness on the quality of life has been engaged into account in the exploration of schizophrenia.

Objectives

The aim of the study was to explore the relations between hope, self-stigma, personality traits and quality of life in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder.

Methods

Fifty-two stabilized outpatients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders participated in cross-sectional study. The psychiatrist assessed each patient with Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and Clinical Global Impression-Severity. The patients completed Quality of Life Satisfaction and Enjoyment Questionnaire, Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness Scale, Temperament and Character Inventory, Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, Drug Attitude Inventory, Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale, Beck Depression Inventory – II, and Beck Anxiety Inventory.

Results

The quality of life was significantly higher in employed patients, and individuals with higher hope, self-directedness, and persistence. The quality of life was lower among the patients with higher number of hospitalizations, those with higher severity of the disorder and individuals who were taking more medication. The patients with more pronounced symptoms of depression, anxiety, and social anxiety had a lower quality of life. Finally, the quality of life was lower among the individuals with higher harm avoidance, and self-stigmatization.

Conclusions

Detection of the quality of life in the context of personality traits, hope, self-stigma and demographical and clinical factors may be an important part of the treatment of patients with schizophrenia.

Disclosure of interest

The authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
Using composites to build a better driving simulator
Authors: Bailey Nick
Published: June 2017

The use of composites is benefiting automotive R&D, even in the digital domain.