bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New eastern China agricultural burning fire emission inventory and trends analysis from combined geostationary (Himawari-8) and polar-orbiting (VIIRS-IM) fire radiative power products
Authors: Zhang Tianran , de Jong Mark C. , Wooster Martin J. , Xu Weidong , Wang Lili
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Open burning of agricultural crop residues is widespread across eastern China, and during certain post-harvest periods this activity is believed to significantly influence air quality. However, the exact contribution of crop residue burning to major air quality exceedances and air quality episodes has proven difficult to quantify. Whilst highly successful in many regions, in areas dominated by agricultural burning MODIS-based fire emissions inventories such as GFAS and GFED are suspected of significantly underestimating the magnitude of biomass burning emissions due to the typically very small, but highly numerous, fires involved that are quite easily missed by coarser spatial resolution remote sensing observations. To address this issue, we here use twice daily fire radiative power (FRP) observations from the ‘small fire optimised’ VIIRS-IM FRP product, and combine it with fire diurnal cycle information taken from the geostationary Himawari-8 satellite. Using this we generate a unique high spatio-temporal resolution agricultural burning inventory for eastern China for the years 2012–2015, designed to fully take into account small fires well below the MODIS burned area or active fire detection limit, focusing on dry matter burned (DMB) and emissions of CO2, CO, PM2.5 and black carbon. We calculate DMB totals 100 to 400 % higher than reported by GFAS and GFED4.1s, and quantify interesting spatial and temporal patterns previously un-noted. Wheat residue burning, primarily occurring in May–June, is responsible for more than half of the annual crop residue burning emissions of all species, whilst a secondary peak in autumn (Sept–Oct) is associated with rice and corn residue burning. We further identify a new winter (Nov–Dec) burning season, hypothesised to be caused by delays in burning driven by the stronger implementation of residue burning bans during the autumn post-harvest season. Whilst our emissions estimates are far higher than those of other satellite-based emissions inventories for the region, they are lower than estimates made using traditional ‘crop yield-based approaches’ (CYBA) by a factor of between 2 and 5 x. We believe that this is at least in part caused by outdated and overly high burning ratios being used in the CYBA approach, leading to the overestimation of DMB. Therefore we conclude that that satellite remote sensing approaches which adequately detect the presence of agricultural fires are a far better approach to agricultural fire emission estimation.
Measured solid state and sub-cooled liquid vapour pressures of nitroaromatics using Knudsen effusion mass spectrometry
Authors: Shelley Petroc D. , Bannan Thomas J. , Worrall Stephen D. , Alfarra M. Rami , Krieger Ulrich K. , Percival Carl J. , Garforth Arthur , Topping David
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Knudsen Effusion Mass Spectrometry (KEMS) was used to measure the solid state saturation vapour pressure (PSsat) of a range of atmospherically relevant nitroaromatic compounds over the temperature range from 298 to 328 K. The selection of species analysed contained a range of geometric isomers and differing functionalities, allowing for the impacts of these factors on saturation vapour pressure (Psat) to be probed. Three subsets of nitroaromatics were investigated, nitrophenols, nitrobenzaldehydes and nitrobenzoic acids. The PSsat were converted to sub-cooled liquid saturation vapour pressures (PLsat) using experimental enthalpy of fusion and melting point values measured using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The PLsat were compared to those estimated by predictive techniques and, with a few exceptions, were found to be up to 7 orders of magnitude lower. The large differences between the estimated PLsat and the experimental can be attributed to the predictive techniques not containing parameters to adequately account for functional group positioning around an aromatic ring, or the interactions between said groups. When comparing the experimental PSsat of the measured compounds the ability to hydrogen bond (H-Bond), and the strength of a H-bond formed appear to have the strongest influence on the magnitude of the Psat with steric effects and molecular weight also being major factors. Comparisons were made between the KEMS system and data from diffusion-controlled evaporation rates of single particles in an electrodynamic balance (EDB). The KEMS and the EDB showed good agreement with each other for the compounds investigated.
Oxygen and light determine the pathways of nitrate reduction in a highly saline lake
Authors: Valiente Nicolás , Jirsa Franz , Hein Thomas , Wanek Wolfgang , Bonin Patricia , Gómez-Alday Juan José
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Nitrate (NO3−) removal from aquatic ecosystems involves several microbially mediated processes including denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA), and anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) regulated by slight changes in environmental gradients. Saline lakes are prone to the accumulation of anthropogenic contaminants, making them highly vulnerable environments to NO3− pollution. We investigated nitrate removal pathways in mesocosm experiments using lacustrine, undisturbed, organic-rich sediments from Pétrola Lake (Spain), a highly saline waterbody subject to anthropogenic NO3− pollution. We used the revised 15N-isotope pairing technique (15N-IPT) to determine NO3− sink processes. Our results demonstrate the coexistence of denitrification, DNRA, and anammox processes, and their contribution was determined by environmental conditions (oxygen and light). DNRA and N2O-denitrification were the dominant nitrogen (N) removal pathways when oxygen and/or light were present (up to 82 %). In contrast, anoxia and darkness promoted NO3− reduction by DNRA (52 %) and N loss by anammox (28 %). Our results highlight the role of coupled DNRA-anammox, as yet has never been investigated in hypersaline lake ecosystems. We conclude that anoxia and darkness favored DNRA and anammox processes over denitrification and therefore reduce N2O emissions to the atmosphere.
Mineralization of organic matter in boreal lake sediments: Rates,
pathways and nature of the fermenting substrates
Authors: Clayer François , Gélinas Yves , Tessier André , Gobeil Charles
Published: January 2020

Abstract. The complexity of organic matter (OM) degradation mechanisms represents a significant challenge for developing biogeochemical models to quantify the role of aquatic sediments in the climate system. The common representation of OM by carbohydrates formulated as CH2O in models comes with the assumption that its degradation by fermentation produces equimolar amounts of methane (CH4) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). To test the validity of this assumption, we modeled using reaction-transport equations vertical profiles of the concentration and isotopic composition (δ13C) of CH4 and DIC in the top 25 cm of the sediment column from two lake basins, one whose hypolimnion is perennially oxygenated and one with seasonal anoxia. Our results reveal that methanogenesis only occurs via hydrogenotrophy in both basins. Furthermore, we calculate, from CH4 and DIC production rates associated with methanogenesis, that the fermenting OM has an average carbon oxidation state (COS) below −0.9. Modeling solute porewater profiles reported in the literature for four other seasonally anoxic lake basins also yields negative COS values. Collectively, the mean (±SD) COS value of −1.4 ± 0.3 for all the seasonally anoxic sites is much lower than the value of zero expected from carbohydrates fermentation. We conclude that carbohydrates do not adequately represent the fermenting OM and that the COS should be included in the formulation of OM fermentation in models applied to lake sediments. This study highlights the need to better characterize the labile OM undergoing mineralization to interpret present-day greenhouse gases cycling and predict its alteration under environmental changes.
CobWeb 1.0: machine learning toolbox for tomographic imaging
Authors: Chauhan Swarup , Sell Kathleen , Rühaak Wolfram , Wille Thorsten , Sass Ingo
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Despite the availability of both commercial and open-source software, an
ideal tool for digital rock physics analysis for accurate automatic image
analysis at ambient computational performance is difficult to pinpoint. More
often, image segmentation is driven manually, where the performance remains
limited to two phases. Discrepancies due to artefacts cause inaccuracies in
image analysis. To overcome these problems, we have developed CobWeb 1.0, which is automated and explicitly tailored for accurate
greyscale (multiphase) image segmentation using unsupervised and supervised
machine learning techniques. In this study, we demonstrate image
segmentation using unsupervised machine learning techniques. The simple and
intuitive layout of the graphical user interface enables easy access to
perform image enhancement and image segmentation, and further to obtain the
accuracy of different segmented classes. The graphical user interface
enables not only processing of a full 3-D digital rock dataset but also
provides a quick and easy region-of-interest selection, where a
representative elementary volume can be extracted and processed. The CobWeb
software package covers image processing and machine learning libraries of
MATLAB® used for image enhancement and image
segmentation operations, which are compiled into series of Windows-executable binaries. Segmentation can be performed using unsupervised,
supervised and ensemble classification tools. Additionally, based on the
segmented phases, geometrical parameters such as pore size distribution,
relative porosity trends and volume fraction can be calculated and
visualized. The CobWeb software allows the export of data to various formats
such as ParaView (.vtk), DSI Studio (.fib) for visualization and animation,
and Microsoft® Excel and
MATLAB® for numerical calculation and
simulations. The capability of this new software is verified using
high-resolution synchrotron tomography datasets, as well as lab-based
(cone-beam) X-ray microtomography datasets. Regardless of the high spatial
resolution (submicrometre), the synchrotron dataset contained edge
enhancement artefacts which were eliminated using a novel dual filtering and
dual segmentation procedure.
NOBLE GASES FINGERPRINT THE SOURCE AND EVOLUTION OF ORE-FORMING FLUIDS OF CARLIN-TYPE GOLD DEPOSITS IN THE GOLDEN TRIANGLE, SOUTH CHINA
Authors: Jin Xiao-Ye , Hofstra Albert H. , Hunt Andrew G. , Liu Jian-Zhong , Yang Wu , Li Jian-Wei
Published: January 2020

Precise constraints on the source and evolution of ore-forming fluids of Carlin-type gold deposits in the Golden Triangle (south China) are of critical importance for a better understanding of the ore genesis and a refined genetic model for gold mineralization. However, constraints on the source of ore fluid components have long been a challenge due to the very fine grained nature of the ore and gangue minerals in the deposits. Here we present He, Ne, and Ar isotope data of fluid inclusion extracts from a variety of ore and gangue minerals (arsenian pyrite, realgar, quartz, calcite, and fluorite) representing the main and late ore stages of three well-characterized major gold deposits (Shuiyindong, Nibao, and Yata) to provide significant new insights into the source and evolution of ore-forming fluids of this important gold province. Measured He isotopes have R/RA ratios ranging from 0.01 to 0.4 that suggest a maximum of 5% mantle helium with an R/RA of 8. The Ne and Ar isotope compositions are broadly comparable to air-saturated water, with a few analyses indicating the presence of an external fluid containing nucleogenic 38Ar and radiogenic 40Ar. Plotted on the 20Ne/4He vs. helium R/RA and 3He/20Ne vs. 4He/20Ne diagrams, the results define two distinct arrays that emanate from a common sedimentary pore fluid or deeply sourced metamorphic fluid end-member containing crustal He. The main ore-stage fluids are interpreted as a mixture of magmatic fluid containing mantle He and sedimentary pore fluid or deeply sourced metamorphic fluid with predominantly crustal He, whereas the late ore-stage fluids are a mixture of sedimentary pore fluid or deeply sourced metamorphic fluid bearing crustal He and shallow meteoric groundwater containing atmospheric He. Results presented here, when combined with independent evidence, support a magmatic origin for the ore-forming fluids. The ascending magmatic fluid mixed with sedimentary pore fluid or deeply sourced metamorphic fluid in the ore stage and subsequently mixed with the meteoric groundwater in the late ore stage, eventually producing the Carlin-type gold deposits in the Golden Triangle.
A Microscale Analysis of Hydrothermal Epidote: Implications for the Use of Laser Ablation-Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry Mineral Chemistry in Complex Alteration Environments
Authors: Ahmed Ayesha D. , Fisher Louise , Pearce Mark , Escolme Angela , Cooke David R. , Howard Daryl , Belousov Ivan
Published: January 2020

High-resolution, quantitative imaging of epidote from the Ann Mason fault block, Yerington district, Nevada, using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) has revealed at least two types of epidote (type 1 and type 2), each with different major and trace element chemistry. Type 1 epidote is coarser grained, typically greater than 50 μm in diameter, and forms euhedral crystals that display twins and sector zones enriched in Fe, Sr, and Mn. Type 2 epidote is finer grained, typically less than 30 μm in diameter, irregularly zoned with respect to Fe and Al, and forms polycrystalline aggregates that include void space.

Two sources of intragranular compositional variability are defined in this study—one related to different generations of epidote only visible on the microscale, and the other related to crystallographic features such as sector zones and twins. Intragranular compositional variations within Yerington epidotes highlight the potential importance of detailed sample characterization in complex alteration environments prior to undertaking mineral chemistry studies in the context of resource exploration. Based on statistical analysis of LA-ICP-MS spot data from one sample, the optimal number of spot analyses to adequately represent the range in element concentrations within zoned or twinned crystals is determined to be at least 40.
Nickel and copper accumulate at low concentrations in cacao beans cotyledons and do not affect the health of chocolate consumers
Authors: Medauar Caique C. , Bahia Bismark L. , Santana Thays M. , Dos Reis Márcia E. S. , Soares Mariana B. , Santos Carolina A. , Pinto Flávia da C. , De Almeida Alex A. F. , De Souza Júnior José O.
Published: January 2020

Aim of study: Nickel (Ni) and Copper (Cu) are essential metals for the growth and development of plants. In view of the above, the aim of this work was to quantify and correlate Ni and Cu concentrations in the leaf and the parts of the fruit [pod husk, pulp, tegument (seed coating) and cotyledons] of clonal cacao genotype PH 16.Area of study: Cacao genotypes were collected from adult plants grown on farms located in three different climatic regions of southern Bahia, Brazil.Material and methods: Plant material was collected in four plots of twenty farms, located under different edaphic and topographic conditions. They were subjected to chemical analysis and later to statistical analyses.Main results: There was high variability of Ni and Cu concentrations in all evaluated plant materials. Leaf, pulp, and tegument were the plant materials that accumulated more Ni. On the other hand, the greatest accumulation of Cu occurred in the tegument and in the pod husk, while in the cotyledons there was little accumulation of these metals. The concentrations of Ni were influenced by the three climatic regions, a fact not observed for Cu, except at the leaf level. There was interdependence between the accumulation of Ni in the leaves and in the different parts of the fruit, a fact not observed for Cu.Research highlights: Since Ni and Cu accumulated in low concentrations in the cacao beans cotyledons, raw material for the manufacture of chocolate and other food products, these metallic elements do not affect the consumers' health.
Liderazgo político y elecciones municipales ¿nacionalización, regionalización o localismo?
Authors: Carmen Ortega-Villodres  , Fátima Recuero-López
Published: January 2020

Las elecciones municipales han sido tradicionalmente conceptualizadas como unas convocatorias de segundo orden, estando así supeditadas a la situación política nacional. Sin embargo, los electores podrían tener en cuenta factores nacionales, regionales o propiamente locales para definir su voto en estas convocatorias. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es examinar la incidencia electoral de dichos factores a través del liderazgo político. Así, se comprueba el efecto de los líderes nacionales, regionales y locales en el voto municipal en el ámbito de la comunidad autónoma de Andalucía. Se utiliza como técnica de análisis la regresión logística binaria. Los resultados muestran que los candidatos locales tienen un mayor impacto en las elecciones municipales que los líderes nacionales y regionales, de modo que las consultas locales tendrían una autonomía propia
Las contradicciones de la compensación apropiaciones del programa de educación compensatoria en ESO
Authors: Rujas Martínez-Novillo, Javier
Published: January 2020

Este artículo estudia el papel del programa de educación compensatoria en la construcción y gestión del fracaso escolar en Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Basándose en un trabajo etnográfico, revela las luchas alrededor de los alumnos considerados “difíciles”, condicionadas por ideologías pedagógicas, recursos, esquemas de percepción docentes y lógicas profesionales. El dispositivo, estigmatizado y asociado a alumnos “disruptivos” y a un trabajo pedagógico duro, incide negativamente en las expectativas y vivencias de docentes y estudiantes, y muestra una escasa capacidad para compensar las desventajas escolares. Más que compensar desigualdades sociales, gestiona la heterogeneidad social por medio de la segregación y la exclusión interior.
Universidad pública frente a universidad privada ¿qué efectos tiene sobre el éxito profesional de los universitarios españoles?
Authors: Canal Domínguez Juan Francisco , Rodríguez Gutiérrez: César
Published: January 2020

El crecimiento de la oferta de estudios por parte de las universidades privadas es uno de los fenómenos más importantes en la educación universitaria contemporánea. Dado que el coste de los estudios en las universidades privadas suele ser significativamente mayor que en las universidades públicas, es interesante evaluar el retorno de este mayor esfuerzo financiero. En la presente investigación se evalúa para el caso español la rentabilidad obtenida de estudiar en una universidad privada frente a una pública, a través de medidas objetivas del éxito profesional. Los resultados indican que la rentabilidad es nula: estudiar en una universidad privada no afecta comparativamente ni a los salarios ni a la clase social ocupacional. Se observa un efecto positivo a corto plazo, si bien poco significativo, en términos de una mayor probabilidad de encontrar un puesto de trabajo en un espacio corto de tiempo.
The Effect of Recreative Purpose Modern and Traditional Archery Education on Attention Parameters in Adolescents
Authors: Ustun Ferhat , Tasgin Erdal
Published: January 2020

This study aims to investigate the effect of recreational archery exercise on attention levels of children aged 9–13 years. 20 girls and 20 boys who participated in archery training for 4 weeks held in archery areas of special sports centers in Konya Province. The participants were given archery training 60 minutes a day, 3 days a week for 4 weeks. They participated in the attention test before and after the training.

In this study, Bourdon attention test was applied as a data collection tool. The normality test was performed to determine whether the data fit the normal distribution and the data were found to be suitable for parametric tests. In order to determine the difference between the before and after of the test, paired samples t-test was applied.

As a result of the study, it was revealed that the attention levels of the participants increased in respect of both total scores and comparisons according to variables (p < 0.001). In this respect, it can be suggested that archery activities will have a positive effect on the attention development of 9–13 age group children. When the general literature is examined, it can be stated that attention levels of children participating in sports and exercise-based recreational activities are positively affected.
Carrot (Daucus Carota L.) Peels Extract as an Herbal Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel in 1M HCl Solution
Authors: Tariq Saeed Mohammed , Saleem Muhammad , Niyazi Aeshah Hussain , Al-Shamrani Faisal Ahmad , Jazzar Nawaf Abdulelah , Ali Mehmood
Published: January 2020

The inhibition of corrosion on mild steel in 1M HCl solution was evaluated by utilizing carrot (Daucus carota L.) peels (CP) extract. Study performed by gravimetric and Potentiodynamic polarization techniques. Various concentrations of CP extracts ranging from 0.05, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, and 0.5 (v/v) were used and corrosion rate (CR) on mild steel and inhibition efficiency (IE) were investigated at three temperatures (298K, 308K, and 323K). Corrosion rate increase with the increase in temperature. As inhibitor concentration increases, corrosion rate decreases and IE decreases at elevated temperature. The substantial reduction in CR with the increase in the concentration of CP extract was noted at studied temperatures. However, the increase in the CR at each CP extract along with the increase in the temperature tallied to the increase in kinetic activities at the electrolyte and metal interface. Results show that with the increase of 0.5 g/l CP extract, about 3 times lower CR of mild steel at studied temperatures than in pure 1M HCl solution affirm its robust inhibitive efficiency. Comparatively large change in the anodic Tafel slope and gradual decline in CR with an increase in the CP extract concentration confirmed the restricted dissolution of mild steel. Surface examination suggest that a layer of inhibitor material adsorbed on the surface of mild steel at low temperature is responsible for high IE and this phenomenon is characterized as chemisorption. Weight loss data used to test three well known adsorption isotherm Langmuir, Temkin and Freundlich models and found that data is fitted well to all the models to certain extent however Freundlich Isotherm is found to be best fitted with as the correlation coefficient (R2) values reaching to unity, which showed the applicability of the models to the process.
2019/42 Discrimination because of a perceived disability is unlawful (UK)
Authors: Carney Bethan
Published: January 2020

2019/42 Discrimination because of a perceived disability is unlawful (UK)

The Court of Appeal (CA) has ruled that it was unlawful to discriminate against an employee because of a mistaken perception that she had a progressive condition which would make her unable to perform the full functions of the role in future.
Proposta didàctica per a l’anàlisi de fosfats en aigües
Authors: Olivella Costa Angels , Martínez Liliu , Morales Maya , Talhi Salma
Published: January 2020

El fosfat és un nutrient imprescindible per a la producció primària, igual que els nitrats, tot i que sovint és menys abundant i més limitant. Però, com tot paràmetre, si supera unes concentracions determinades es converteix en un risc de contaminació pel medi natural. Si n'hi ha en excés, provoca eutrofització (excés de nutrients, bàsicament nitrogen i fòsfor). Els fosfats presents en aigües poden tenir un origen natural, a causa del rentat de la conca (sobretot per meteorització de les roques amb fòsfor i per una posterior dissolució en l'aigua de la pluja) o antropogènic, causat per la contaminació de l’home. Aquesta experiència té com objectiu final que les alumnes aprenguin a quantificar els fosfats presents en aigües. Inclou l’aprenentatge dels se-güents aspectes didàctics.Els fosfatsIntroduccióPrincipi de funcionament de l’espectrofotòmetre visible ONDA V-10 plusPreparació de la solució mare d’hidrogenfosfat de potassi (KH2PO4)Preparació de solucions per a les rectes de calibratgeDeterminació de la longitud d’ona de màxima absorbànciaDeterminacions addicionals de la qualitat de l’aiguaDeterminacions d’ortofosfats per colorimetriaLa següent experiència didàctica consta de set sessions amb una duració total de 8 hores. A continuació es descriu el contingut de les sessions. L’objectiu és que tot el treball es vegi reflectit en un blog que les estudiants elaboraran a mesura que fan l’experiència didàctica. El blog ha de seguir el mateix esquema que les sessions presentades en aquest document. Aquesta experiència didàctica s’ha dut a terme amb les tres alumnes de 4t d’ESO, que apareixen com a coautores, en l’assignatura de treball de recerca en ciències socials.
Fem el que diem que fem? aula de ciències amb perspectiva de gènere
Authors: Ramis Pérez Elena , Pipitone Carolina
Published: January 2020

La desigualtat de gènere a les ciències, tant a les aules com a l’ocupació és un tema que actualment,se’n comença a parlar més i cada cop es veu més la necessitat de fer un canvi. Partint d’una societatandrocèntrica, on la dona ha estat (o està) exclosa, on l’educació està basada en un model masculí i lesviolències de gènere es continuen perpetuant a l’aula, en aquest treball s’analitzen diverses entrevistes adiferents docents per observar la perspectiva que tenen respecte el gènere i com s’ha de treballar a l’aula. Enl’anàlisi s’ha pogut veure la importància que se li dóna des de les aules de ciències al llenguatge i materialinclusiu, a la necessitat de buscar referents dones, per altra banda, s’ha observat, també, la necessitat deformació del professorat i la poca relació que hi ha entre el discurs del professorat i com ho apliquen desprésa l’aula.
Communication between the coach and children learning to swim
Authors: Ostrowska - Karpisz Anna , Siekańska Małgorzata
Published: January 2020

Aim. The purpose of this study is: (a) to examine how swimming coaches perceive their communication skills and preferences; (b) to better understand the behaviour of coach-athlete communication during practice sessions; (c) to explore similarities and differences between coaches’ declared and actual communication behaviour. Basic procedures. To accomplish this purpose, 10 swimming coaches (6 males, 4 females; mage=31 years) were invited to take part in the two-part study. First, the participants were asked to answer 6 questions about their communicational behaviours towards children during typical swimming practices. Then, during a real swimming session, both verbal and non-verbal communication was recorded (content of the message, recipient of the message, body posture, gestures, proxemics, vocal aspects). Results. The obtained results show that the coaches used six of communication behaviours. The results revealed a discrepancy between the coaches’ declared and observed communication preferences. The data analysis shows that the coaches provided both feedback (40.7%) and feedforward (59. 3%) information. In the research, it is shown that swimming teachers used non-verbal messages more often (63%) than verbal ones. Conclusions. In the teaching process, it is important that the trainer/coach provides not only information regarding the tasks to be performed but also information improving the atmosphere and also the quality of the exercises performed.
Physical fitness, balance and falls in older adults
Authors: Loureiro Vânia , Gomes Margarida , Gradek Joanna
Published: January 2020

Introduction. In The second leading worldwide cause of deaths regards accidental injury and concern individuals aged 65 or above. Falls are preventable, but the consequences of falls can lead to injuries and result in loss of independence. The present study aims to analyse the relationships between risk of fall, physical activity level (PA level) and physical fitness among elderly practitioners of physical exercise interventions.
Basic procedures. The data were collected through a demographic questionnaire; history of falls; PA level and physical fitness. Statistical analysis was performed using IBM® SPSS®, version 24.0 for Windows (p≤0.05).
Main findings. Sixty-two seniors participated in the study. These subjects took part in physical exercise programmes from the community of Beja, Portugal (females: n=48; 77.4%), with an average age of 73.27±5.45 years.
Results. It was found that elderly people with lower levels of strength, balance and cardiorespiratory fitness are at a higher risk of falls (p<0.05). There were no relationships between the risk of falls and the PA level.
Conclusions. The results highlight the need for more specific research about strength and balance interventions in older adults that report falls, in particular, the identification of intrinsic and extrinsic risk factors to prevent falls.
Desempenho de genótipos de bananeiras em cultivos irrigado e sequeiro, na região Centro Oeste Paulista
Authors: Martins Adriana Novais , Narita Nobuyoshi , Suguino Eduardo , Takata William Hiroshi S.
Published: January 2020

The banana tree is a tropical fruit plant, grown commercially throughout Brazil. It’s commonly found of coastal regions, the bananahas been gaining space in the Paulista Plateau, mainly in the midwest region of the state. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of banana genotypes cultivated under microaspersion irrigation and rainfed in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Vera Cruz municipality in São Paulo state. The planting was carried out in December 2015, withmicropropagated and acclimated seedlings. The statistical design adopted was randomized blocks, with 6 treatments, in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement with 3 genotypes and 2 cultivation environments (irrigated and non irrigated). The genotypes evaluated were: BRS Princesa (Maçã subgroup), Galil 18 (Prata subgroup) and Grande Naine (Cavendish subgroup). Vegetative variables (plant height, pseudostem circumference and the number of live leaves in flowering); production variables (clusters and weight mass, productivity, number of hands per bunches and number of fruit for hand) and fruit quality (diameter, shell thickness and length), were evaluated. It is concludedthat the localized irrigation by microaspersion positively interfered in the plant performance,improving the vegetative and productive characteristics ofthe BRS Princesa (Maçã subgroup), Galil 18 (Prata subgroup) and Grande Naine (Cavendish subgroup) genotypes, in Vera Cruz, midwest region of São Paulo state.
Kristallisationen
Authors: Hottner Wolfgang
Published: January 2020

Im Schatten der Lebenswissenschaft: Kants Ästhetik und Goethes Poetik des Anorganischen.

Wolfgang Hottners Studie rückt zum ersten Mal einen zentralen Bestandteil der Ästhetik, Wissenschaft und Poetik am Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts in den Blick: das Anorganische. Vor dessen diskursiver Marginalisierung durch eine vitalistisch-biopolitische Vernunft, die an der Schwelle zur Moderne primär das »Leben« zu denken versucht, spielt es insbesondere in den Werken Kants und Goethes eine entscheidende Rolle. In deren je spezifischer Faszination für kristalline Formen und Formwerdungsprozesse werden nicht nur die Prämissen und Aporien einer Ästhetik der Lebendigkeit neu vermessbar, sondern auch die unabgegoltene Widerständigkeit anorganischer Materie ersichtlich, an der sich die Kunst der Romantik und der Moderne abarbeiten wird. Hottners wissensgeschichtlich angelegte Archäologie anorganischer Ästhetik und Poetik zeigt insbesondere anhand kristalliner Formen und Figuren, dass diese für den ästhetischen, poetologischen und prototechnischen Form- und Formwerdungsdiskurs um 1800 mindestens genauso wichtig waren, wie die Rede von Bildungstrieb, Zeugung und Metamorphose. Damit wird eine bisher latente Episode in der Geschichte der modernen Literatur und Ästhetik sichtbar, die die Kant- und Goethe-Forschung vor neue Herausforderungen stellt.

Wolfgang Hottner, geb. 1987, ist wiss. Mitarbeiter am »Peter Szondi-Institut für Allgemeine und Vergleichende Literaturwissenschaften« der FU Berlin. Er studierte Literaturwissenschaft, Philosophie und Kunstgeschichte in München, Berkeley, Stanford und an der Yale University sowie an der HU Berlin, wo er 2017 promovierte.
A Christian View of “Faith” in God
Authors: Smith L. Scott ,   Gnomon Center for the Humanities
Published: January 2020

While central to the Christian religion, the act of faith has been notoriously difficult to define. This essay is an attempt to illuminate, with the aid of insights from cognitive science and process philosophy, what it means for a Christian to have faith, specifically in God. In doing so, the apriori and aposteriori aspects of faith are explored, along with its connections to science and empirical evidence, revelation, knowledge, doubt, morality, and additional Christian beliefs.
Doctrine of Deification in the Works of Cardinal Tomáš Špidlík and His Pupils
Authors: Noble Ivana , Širka Zdenko ,   Gnomon Center for the Humanities
Published: January 2020

This article focuses on the work of Czech Jesuit Cardinal Tomáš Špidlík (1919-2010), continued in his pupils, both in Rome, where he taught for most of his life, and in the Czech Republic. It explores in particular how studies of hesychasm marked their understanding of deification. It asks in which sense their work can be seen as a Western attempt to rehabilitate the doctrine of deification in its experiential and theological complexity, where they contribute to the renewal of the communication between the Christian East and the Christian West, and what are the complications present in their attempt expressed against the background of uniatism.
The Wiley Handbook of Paulo Freire
Authors: Beltrán Llavador José
Published: January 2020

The Wiley Handbook of Paulo Freire es un proyecto académico basado en el diálogo y la cooperación internacional, que mantiene viva la conversación con el educador brasileño reuniendo testimonios e interpretaciones contemporáneas sobre su obra y su pensamiento. Es una invitación –o si prefiere una incitación– bien fundada a la acción educativa para la transformación y la emancipación social. The Wiley Handbook of Paulo Freire es un libro tan oportuno como necesario. En primer lugar, por la proyección universal del pensador brasileño en la esfera educativa; en segundo lugar, por el amplio conocimiento académico y personal que Carlos Alberto Torres tiene de la obra y de la vida de Paulo Freire, cuya influencia resultó decisiva en su compromiso científico y social
Age and Marital Status as Predictors of Undergraduate Students’ Academic Achievement in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria
Authors: Anyamene A. , I. Akunne L. , D. Ifedioramma C.
Published: January 2020

Aims: To determine marital status and age as predictor of undergraduate students’ academic achievement in tertiary institutions in Nigeria.

Study Design:  Ex-post facto research design.

Materials and Methods: The sample for the study was 632 100 level students selected using simple random sampling technique of balloting without replacement. The data collected were pre-existing results of 100 level students on Use of English retrieved from the respective departments. Data collected was analyzed using simple regression analysis.   

Results: The findings of the study revealed that marital status of the undergraduate students had R2 change of 0.000. This indicates that marital status had the predictive power of 0.00 percent for undergraduates’ academic achievement in Use of English course. Also, at 1 df numerator, 631 df denominator and P value = .05 level of significant, the calculated F value = 0.85 is less than the critical F value = 3.84. Therefore, marital status of the university undergraduates is not a significant predictor of their academic achievement in Use of English course taught in tertiary institutions in Nigeria. Similarly, age of the undergraduate students had R2 change of 0.020. This indicates that age had the predictive power of 2.00 percent for undergraduates’ academic achievement in Use of English course. Also, at 1df numerator, 631df denominator and P value .05, the calculated F value = 14.06 and is greater than the critical F value of 3.84. This implies that age of university undergraduates is a significant predictor of their academic achievement in Use of English course.

Conclusion: Based on the analysis, it was concluded that age of university undergraduates is a significant predictor of their academic achievement in Use of English course in tertiary institutions. It was also deduced that marital status of undergraduates is not a significant predictor of their academic achievement in tertiary institutions.
Initial data in Shatterproof's reporting of centers' quality will be out in July
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: January 2020

Data collection that will guide national advocacy organization Shatterproof's pilot effort to offer consumers relevant information about addiction treatment centers' use of evidence‐based practices (see “Shatterproof continues ‘report card’ project,” https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32225, ADAW, Jan. 14, 2019; and “Shatterproof on its rating pilot for SUD treatment programs,” https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/adaw.32248, ADAW, Feb. 4, 2019) is about to be completed. Starting this summer, users of the initial information covering treatment facilities in six states will be able to conduct some comparisons between centers, but the analysis will not attach a composite quality score to each participating facility.
Advancements and Challenges in Potassium Ion Batteries: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rajagopalan Ranjusha , Tang Yougen , Ji Xiaobo , Jia Chuankun , Wang Haiyan
Published: January 2020

Demand for energy in day to day life is increasing exponentially. However, existing energy storage technologies like lithium ion batteries cannot stand alone to fulfill future needs. In this regard, potassium ion batteries (KIBs) that utilize K ions in their charge storage mechanism have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and are therefore established as one of the future battery systems of interest among the scientific community. Nevertheless, the development and identification of appropriate electrode materials is very essential for practical applications. This review features the current development in KIBs electrode and electrolyte materials, the present challenges facing this technology (in the commercial aspect), and future aspects to develop fully functional KIBs. The potassium storage mechanisms, evolution of the KIBs, and the advantages and disadvantages of each category of materials are included. Additionally, various approaches to enhance the electrochemical performances of KIBs are also discussed. This review is not only an amalgamation of different viewpoints in literature, but also contains concise perspectives and strategies. Moreover, the potential emergence of a novel class of K‐based dual ion batteries is also analyzed for the first time.
Ultrahigh Stability 3D TI Bi2Se3/MoO3 Thin Film Heterojunction Infrared Photodetector at Optical Communication Waveband
Authors: Yang Ming , Han Qi , Liu Xianchao , Han Jiayue , Zhao Yafei , He Liang , Gou Jun , Wu Zhiming , Wang Xinran , Wang Jun
Published: January 2020

Infrared (IR) detection at 1300–1650 nm (optical communication waveband) is of great significance due to its wide range of applications in commerce and military. Three dimensional (3D) topological insulator (TI) Bi2Se3 is considered a promising candidate toward high‐performance IR applications. Nevertheless, the IR devices based on Bi2Se3 thin films are rarely reported. Here, a 3D TI Bi2Se3/MoO3 thin film heterojunction photodetector is shown that possesses ultrahigh responsivity (Ri), external quantum efficiency (EQE), and detectivity (D*) in the broadband spectrum (405–1550 nm). The highest on–off ratio of the optimized device can reach up to 5.32 × 104. Ri, D*, and the EQE can reach 1.6 × 104 A W−1, 5.79 × 1011 cm2 Hz1/2 W−1, and 4.9 × 104% (@ 405 nm), respectively. Surprisingly, the Ri can achieve 2.61 × 103 A W−1 at an optical communication wavelength (@ 1310 nm) with a fast response time (63 µs), which is two orders of magnitude faster than that of other TIs‐based devices. In addition, the device demonstrates brilliant long‐term (>100 days) environmental stability under environmental conditions without any protective measures. Excellent device photoelectric properties illustrate that the 3D TI/inorganic heterojunction is an appropriate way for manufacturing high‐performance photodetectors in the optical communication, military, and imaging fields.
A General Method for Transition Metal Single Atoms Anchored on Honeycomb‐Like Nitrogen‐Doped Carbon Nanosheets
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Zhang Shan , Yang Yong , Wang Liguang , Mu Zijie , Zhu Haishuang , Zhu Xiaoqing , Xing Huanhuan , Xia Hongyin , Huang Bolong , Li Jing , Guo Shaojun , Wang Erkang
Published: January 2020

Excavating and developing highly efficient and cost‐effective nonnoble metal single‐atom catalysts for electrocatalytic reactions is of paramount significance but still in its infancy. Herein, reported is a general NaCl template‐assisted strategy for rationally designing and preparing a series of isolated transition metal single atoms (Fe/Co/Ni) anchored on honeycomb‐like nitrogen‐doped carbon matrix (M1‐HNC‐T1‐T2, M = Fe/Co/Ni, T1 = 500 °C, T2 = 850 °C). The resulting M1‐HNC‐500‐850 with M‐N4 active sites exhibits superior capability for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) with the half‐wave potential order of Fe1‐HNC‐500‐850 > Co1‐HNC‐500‐850 > Ni1‐HNC‐500‐850, in which Fe1‐HNC‐500‐850 shows better performance than commercial Pt/C. Density functional theory calculations reveal a choice strategy that the strong p–d‐coupled spatial charge separation results the Fe‐N4 effectively merges active electrons for elevating d‐band activity in a van‐Hove singularity like character. This essentially generalizes an optimal electronic exchange‐and‐transfer (ExT) capability for boosting sluggish alkaline ORR activity. This work not only presents a universal strategy for preparing single‐atom electrocatalyst to accelerate the kinetics of cathodic ORR but also provides an insight into the relationship between the electronic structure and the electrocatalytical activity.
Emerging 2D Materials Produced via Electrochemistry
Authors: Yang Sheng , Zhang Panpan , Nia Ali Shaygan , Feng Xinliang
Published: January 2020

2D materials are important building blocks for the upcoming generation of nanostructured electronics and multifunctional devices due to their distinct chemical and physical characteristics. To this end, large‐scale production of 2D materials with high purity or with specific functionalities represents a key to advancing fundamental studies as well as industrial applications. Among the state‐of‐the‐art synthetic protocols, electrochemical exfoliation of layered materials is a very promising approach that offers high yield, great efficiency, low cost, simple instrumentation, and excellent up‐scalability. Remarkably, playing with electrochemical parameters not only enables tunable material properties but also increases the material diversities from graphene to a wide spectrum of 2D semiconductors. Here, a succinct and critical survey of the recent progress in this research direction is presented, comprising the strategic design, exfoliation principles, underlying mechanisms, processing techniques, and potential applications of 2D materials. At the end of the discussion, the emerging trends, challenges, and opportunities in real practice are also highlighted.
Cu2O Nanoparticles with Both {100} and {111} Facets for Enhancing the Selectivity and Activity of CO2 Electroreduction to Ethylene
Authors: Gao Yugang , Wu Qian , Liang Xizhuang , Wang Zeyan , Zheng Zhaoke , Wang Peng , Liu Yuanyuan , Dai Ying , Whangbo Myung‐Hwan , Huang Baibiao
Published: January 2020

Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) enclosed with different crystal facets, namely, c‐Cu2O NPs with {100} facets, o‐Cu2O NPs with {111} facets, and t‐Cu2O NPs with both {111} and {100} facets, are prepared and their electrocatalytic properties for the reduction of CO2 to C2H4 are evaluated. It is shown that the selectivity and activity of the C2H4 production depend strongly on the crystal facets exposed in Cu2O NPs. The selectivities for the C2H4 production increases in the order, c‐Cu2O < o‐Cu2O < t‐Cu2O, (with FEC2H4 = 38%, 45%, and 59%, respectively). This study suggests that Cu2O NPs are more likely responsible for the selectivity and activity for the C2H4 production than the metallic Cu NPs produced on the surface of Cu2O NPs. This work provides a new route for enhancing the selectivity of the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction by crystal facet engineering.
The Failure of Solid Electrolyte Interphase on Li Metal Anode: Structural Uniformity or Mechanical Strength?
Authors: Shen Xin , Zhang Rui , Chen Xiang , Cheng Xin‐Bing , Li Xiaoyan , Zhang Qiang
Published: January 2020

Practical application of lithium (Li) metal anodes has been hindered by Li dendrite growth, which renders a low Coulombic efficiency and short lifespan of working Li metal batteries. A stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) is crucial in suppressing the formation of Li dendrites. Herein the local stress and deformation evolvement status of a SEI layer during Li electrodeposition are investigated through a quantitative electrochemical–mechanical model based on a finite element method. Furthermore, the impacts of structural uniformity and mechanical strength on the stability of the SEI under different working conditions are investigated. Improving the structural uniformity of SEI is the most effective way to enhance the stability of SEI, which regulates ion transportation. In addition, pursuing extremely high mechanical strength is shown to be pointless, and a moderate elastic modulus of 3.0 GPa is suggested. This work affords an insight into the rational design of stable SEI layers and sheds light on a possible pathway toward practical applications of Li metal anodes.
Toward High Energy Density All Solid‐State Sodium Batteries with Excellent Flexibility
Authors: Yao Yu , Wei Zhenyao , Wang Haiyun , Huang Huijuan , Jiang Yu , Wu Xiaojun , Yao Xiayin , Wu Zhong‐Shuai , Yu Yan
Published: January 2020

All solid‐state sodium batteries (ASSBs) have attracted considerable attention due to their enhanced safety, long lifespan, and high energy density. However, several challenges have plagued the development of ASSBs, especially the relatively low ionic conductivity of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs), large interfacial resistance, and low stability/compatibility between SSEs and electrodes. Here, a high‐performance all solid‐state sodium battery (NVP@C|PEGDMA‐NaFSI‐SPE|Na) is designed by employing carbon coated Na3V2(PO4)3 composite nanosheets (NVP@C) as the cathode, solvent‐free solid polymer electrolyte (PEGDMA‐NaFSI‐SPE) as the electrolyte and metallic sodium as the anode. The integrated electrolyte and cathode system prepared by the in situ polymerization process exhibits high ionic conductivity (≈10−4 S cm−1 at room temperature) and an outstanding electrolyte/electrode interface. Benefiting from these merits, the soft‐pack ASSB (NVP@C|PEGDMA‐NaFSI‐SPE|Na) delivers excellent cycling life over 740 cycles (capacity decay of only 0.007% per cycle) and maintains 95% of the initial reversible capacity with almost no self‐discharge even after resting for 3 months. Moreover, the bendable ASSB exhibits a high capacity of 106 mAh g−1 (corresponds to energy density of ≈355 Wh kg−1) at 0.5 C despite undergoing repeated bending for 535 cycles. This work offers a new strategy to fabricate high‐performance flexible ASSBs with a long lifespan and excellent flexibility.