bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Comparative Study of Serum Lipid Profiles in Diabetic Patients with and without Clinically Significant Macular Oedema
Authors: Ramalingam Uma , Annamalai Radha , Basak Rohan
Published: July 2024

Background:

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health hazard today. Clinically significant macular oedema (CSME) is the most frequent cause of decreased vision in diabetic patients. The aim of our study was to determine whether CSME in subjects with type 2 DM is associated with lipid profile abnormalities and to compare them with lipid profiles of type 2 diabetics without CSME.

Method:

This was a cross-sectional case-control study. Hundred consecutive type 2 diabetic patients, 50 patients with and 50 without CSME, who attended the Retina outpatient clinic of a tertiary eye hospital over a one-year period, were included. Determination of the presence of CSME and staging of diabetic retinopathy was done according to modified Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study guidelines, by a single investigator using slit-lamp biomicroscopy. After obtaining informed consent, blood was drawn from the subjects after overnight fasting. Investigations done were lipid profile, fasting blood sugar, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), blood urea, and blood pressure measurement.

Results:

In our study, only two systemic factors weighed in as predictors of macular oedema: Systolic hypertension and serum lipids. Subanalysis of the lipid fractions yielded two significant correlates of CSME: Total cholesterol and serum triglycerides.

Conclusion:

A multifaceted healthcare team approach is essential for the management of diabetic patients. Ophthalmologists should evaluate the lipid profile of all diabetic macular oedema (DME) patients. Physicians should promptly refer diabetic patients with deranged lipid profiles to ophthalmologists to look for DME and provide appropriate ophthalmic care.
A Newly Developed Scale for Assessing Individuals’ Perceived Threat of Potential War
Authors: Lin Chung-Ying , Yen Cheng-Fang
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

Mental health can be negatively affected by the threat of war even in the absence of direct experience of armed conflicts. But psychometric instruments that can measure the perceived threat of potential war are lacking. In the present study, we intended to develop an instrument called the Perceived Threats of Potential War Scale (PTPWS) and to examine its psychometric properties in a telephone interview study on Taiwanese individuals regarding the perceived threat of potential war between China and Taiwan.

Methods:

The PTPWS was tested with a representative sample of 2,000 Taiwanese individuals who were recruited based on whether they used a house telephone or a cell phone only. The PTPWS was tested item properties, using score distributions, mean and standard deviation, item–rest correlations, skewness, and kurtosis; factor structure, using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA); measurement invariance; and concurrent validity, using testing the correlations with awareness of China’s military activities, intention to emigrate, depression, and anxiety.

Results:

The items of the PTPWS had acceptable psychometric properties and were internally consistent. The EFA results suggested a one-factor structure for the PTPWS, which was confirmed using CFA. The results of measurement invariance indicated that the PTPWS is applicable across gender, age, and contact method groups. The concurrent validity of the PTPWS was supported by the significant differences in the PTPWS scores across subgroups with various levels of awareness of mainland China’s military activities, intention to emigrate, depression, and anxiety.

Conclusion:

The PTPWS has been found to be a useful and reliable measure to assess the perceived threat of potential war with China among Taiwanese individuals.
A Study of Prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder in Patients with Hypertension Attending a Medical Clinic
Authors: Patel Roshani K. , Kanaujiya Nilesh , Patel Harita , Samani Mukesh J.
Published: July 2024

Objectives:

In this study, we intended to assess the prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) in hypertensive patients who were attending a medical clinic. We also assessed various sociodemographic and other factors related to MDD in patients with hypertension.

Methods:

We did a cross-sectional study at the medical clinic of Pandit Dindayal Upadhyay Medical College and Hospital, Rajkot, Gujarat, India. The study included 256 hypertensive patients from September 2020 to May 2021. Patients were evaluated in detail for demographic and clinical histories and mental status examination. Diagnosis of MDD was made using the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition criteria. Their severity of MDD was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D).

Results:

Out of 256 hypertensive patients, 60 (23.43%) patients were found to have MDD. With HAM-D assessment, we found that out of 60 patients with MDD, 25 (9.76%) patients had mild depression, 21 (8.20%) moderate depression, 12 (4.68%) severe depression, and 2 (0.78%) very severe depression. A significant association existed between depression and sociodemographic variables of hypertensive patients in domicile (p < 0.05), marital status (p < 0.05), as well as educational level (p < 0.05). A significant association was also found between depression and other medical comorbidities in hypertensive patients (p < 0.05).

Conclusion:

Our study results showed that the prevalence of MDD was 23.43% among hypertensive patients who attended the medical clinic. Physicians and mental health professionals should work together to prompt diagnosis and timely referral to a psychiatric facility for proper evaluation and treatment of MDD among those hypertensive patients.
Clinical characteristics and prognosis of aortic dissection in female patients: A retrospective study
Authors: Sun Jianjian , Jiang Han , Xin Shijie , Zhang Jian
Published: July 2024

OBJECTIVES:

Fewer women have aortic dissection (AD) than men. This study was aimed to explore the clinical characteristics of AD in Chinese women.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

Clinical manifestations, treatment methods, and prognosis of AD patients treated in the First Hospital of China Medical University from January 2010 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed.

RESULTS:

A total of 931 patients (240 female patients) were included in the study. The mean age was 53.48 ± 12.66 years. There was a smaller body mass index in female patients compared with male patients (25.23 ± 3.79 vs. 26.32 ± 4.04, P < 0.001). The percentages of women who reported regular cigarette and alcohol consumption were lower than those of men (8.7% vs. 36.3% and 7.2% vs. 22.1%, respectively, P < 0.001 for both). In terms of computed tomography (CT) imaging, the proportion of women with Type III arches was lower (11.3% vs. 26.0%, P < 0.001). The degree of AD tear in female patients was more limited than that in male patients. about 24.6% of female patients had AD in the superior arch branch, whereas 48.9% of male patients had AD in the iliac artery. Descending aortic branch involvement was less common in female patients (60.4% vs. 40.3%, P < 0.001), whereas AD occurred more frequently in the coeliac trunk in male patients (28.1% vs. 20.0%, P = 0.014). The level of false lumen thrombosis was higher in female patients compared with male patients at all levels of the aorta (P < 0.001). In-hospital mortality was significantly higher in female patients with Type A AD than that in male patients (11.2% vs. 4.0%, P = 0.014), whereas stroke and myocardial ischemia were more common in female patients (8.8% vs. 4.6%, P = 0.018; 13.8% vs. 8.5%, P = 0.02). The all-cause and aorto-related mortality was lower in female patients (9.8% vs. 13.7%, P = 0.195; 5.8% vs. 11.4%, P = 0.034). However, there was no significant difference in the long-term survival rates between male and female patients (P = 0.762). Cox regression analysis showed that hypertension, smoking, alcohol consumption, advanced age, and degree of AD tear were the risk factors affecting the long-term survival rate, whereas the false lumen thrombosis was the protective factor.

CONCLUSION:

Female patients had more stable clinical manifestations and slighter imaging changes in contrast-enhanced CT. Gender only had a certain impact on perioperative mortality but had no impact on long-term survival. These important clinical features and prognoses should be considered to improve clinical outcomes in female patients.
Clinical challenges in asymptomatic chronic aortoiliac occlusive disease
Authors: Hu Lefan , Wang Hui
Published: July 2024

Asymptomatic aortoiliac occlusive disease, while less common compared to other peripheral arterial diseases, presents unique clinical challenges. Our center recently encountered a case involving a patient with chronic occlusion of the distal abdominal aorta and bilateral iliac arteries. Remarkably, this patient had developed an extensive network of collateral circulation, effectively compensating for the reduced blood supply to the pelvic and lower limb areas. This adaptive physiological response resulted in the patient exhibiting no significant clinical symptoms. To reveal the most effective diagnostic and treatment strategies for asymptomatic peripheral artery disease patients to avoid complications and other challenges, more clinical studies are needed in the future.
Comparison of the therapeutic effect of different anticoagulation regimens after total hip arthroplasty based on enhanced recovery after surgery: A retrospective study
Authors: Cao Dede , Bai Heping , Saad Muhammad , Ma Jinfeng , Zhang Jiangjiang , Lei Shenglu , Dong Yunwei , Li Dong , Wu Haoyu , Liu Jianlin
Published: July 2024

This retrospective study investigated the efficacy and economic outcomes of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), fondaparinux sodium (FPX), and rivaroxaban after total hip arthroplasty (THA) under Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). The clinical data of patients who underwent primary THA due to hip joint disease in our Hospital from October 2020 to June 2022 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. According to different anticoagulant methods, patients were divided into LMWH group (42 cases), FPX group (24 cases), and Rivaroxaban group (39 cases). Perioperative blood coagulation-related factors, D-dimer, platelet (PLT) changes, blood routine, blood loss, lower limb vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism, and allogeneic blood transfusion were compared among the three groups. There was no statistical significance difference for coagulation indexes and Visual Analog Scale score before the operation among the three groups, but there were statistical significance differences for prothrombin time and international normalized ratio levels at 3 days after the operation. The postoperative drainage volume and blood loss of the three groups were different, but there were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss, hidden blood loss, total blood loss, blood transfusion rate, DVT incidence rate and Visual Analog Scale score score 3 days after surgery among the three groups. Besides, the treatment cost in the LMWH group was significantly lower than that of the FPX group and the rivaroxaban group. Hence, Based on the ERAS concept, the use of LMWH, FPX, and Rivaroxaban after THA can effectively and safely prevent the occurrence of VTE and has no significant difference in postoperative pain, perioperative blood loss, and coagulation function. However, Rivaroxaban can be taken orally and has more advantages in some pharmacological effects, while LMWH is cheaper.
Intravascular schwannoma as an extremely unusual cause of vein obstruction: a case report
Authors: Chinchilla-Tábora Luis Miguel , Blázquez Beatriz Segovia , Sayagués José María , González Marta Rodríguez , González-Rivero Joaquín , León José Antonio Muñoz , Pérez Andrea Beatriz Jiménez , Morais Idalia González , Bueno-Sacristán Diego , Ludeña María Dolores
Published: July 2024

The blood vessel lumen is an extremely rare location for a benign peripheral nerve sheath tumor like schwannoma. Less than 10 cases have been previously reported. In this report, we present a case of a 68-year-old woman who had a soft tissue nodule at the posterior calf of her left leg during a physical examination. Pathological examination was performed after complete surgical excision. The patient underwent follow-up for 12 months after surgery without evidence of recurrence or any other complication. This is the first case of intravascular schwannoma reported as a cause of vein obstruction. Microscopically, the tumor was composed of Schwann spindle cells that were immunoreactive for S100 protein and SOX10. This tumor was surrounded by a well-defined vascular smooth muscle wall. Prospective series are required to improve the knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of intravascular schwannoma development.
Propagation of polarization sets for systems of MHD type
Authors: Darwich Rayhana
Published: July 2024

Polarization sets were introduced by Dencker (1982) as a refinement of wavefront sets to the vector-valued case. He also clarified the propagation of polarization sets when the characteristic variety of the pseudodifferential system under study consists of two hypersurfaces intersecting tangentially (1992), or transversally (1995). In this paper, we consider the case of more than two intersecting characteristic hypersurfaces that are intersecting transversally (and we give a note on the tangential case). Mainly, we consider two types of systems which we name “systems of generalized transverse type” and “systems of MHD type”, and we show that we can get a result for the propagation of polarization set similar to Dencker’s result for systems of transversal type. Furthermore, we give an application to the MHD equations.
Optimization-Based Battery Thermal Management for Improved Regenerative Braking in CEP Vehicles
Authors: Rehm Dominik , Krost Jonathan , Meywerk Martin , Czarnetzki Walter
Published: July 2024

The courier express parcel service industry (CEP industry) has experienced significant changes in the recent years due to increasing parcel volume. At the same time, the electrification of the vehicle fleets poses additional challenges. A major advantage of battery electric CEP vehicles compared to internal combustion engine vehicles is the ability to regenerate the kinetic energy of the vehicle in the frequent deceleration phases during parcel delivery. If the battery is cold, the maximum regenerative power of the powertrain is limited by a reduced chemical reaction rate inside the battery. In general, the maximum charging power of the battery depends on the state of charge and the battery temperature. Due to the low power demand for driving during CEP operation, the battery self-heating is comparably low. Without active conditioning of the battery, potential of regenerating energy is partially lost because the friction brake needs to absorb kinetic energy whenever the cold battery’s limit is exceeded. This paper proposes an optimization-based strategy for the battery thermal management of CEP vehicles. The tradeoff between the cost of battery heating and the benefit of regenerative braking is investigated under cold ambient conditions. For this purpose, a nonlinear model predictive control approach is developed to maximize the overall vehicle efficiency depending on the upcoming driving task by selective battery heating. The evaluation shows that the increase in overall efficiency depends on the electric efficiency of the battery heating system, the ambient conditions, the intensity and frequency of the deceleration phases, and the usage behavior of the vehicle. Based on the assumption that the driving cycle and ambient conditions can be accurately predicted, the model-in-the-loop simulation indicates a reduction in energy consumption of up to 3.3 % with an electric coolant heater and up to 9.6 % with an ambient heat pump.
Enabling the Security of Global Time in Software-Defined-Vehicles (SGTS, MACsec)
Authors: Kumaraswamy Pavithra , Rus Andrei
Published: July 2024

The global time that is propagated and synchronized in the vehicle E/E architecture is used in safety-critical, security-critical, and time-critical applications (e.g., driver assistance functions, intrusion detection system, vehicle diagnostics, external device authentication during vehicle diagnostics, vehicle-to-grid and so on). The cybersecurity attacks targeting the global time result in false time, accuracy degradation, and denial of service as stated in IETF RFC 7384 [2]. These failures reduce the vehicle availability, robustness, and safety of the road user. IEEE 1588 [3] lists four mechanisms (integrated security mechanism, external security mechanism, architectural solution, and monitoring & management) to secure the global time. AUTOSAR defines the architecture and detailed specifications for the integrated security mechanism “Secured Global Time Synchronization (SGTS)” to secure the global time on automotive networks (CAN, FlexRay, Ethernet). However, there are also external security mechanisms such as MACsec which protect all communication frames (at layer 2) on an Ethernet network. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the need of SGTS in a vehicle E/E architecture. As part of the evaluation, this paper presents the experimental data to demonstrate the impact on the precision of global time with SGTS and MACsec. It describes the constraints that prevent applying the SGTS and/or MACsec on an Ethernet network. It emphasizes the tradeoff between security and precise global time when using SGTS and/or MACsec on an Ethernet network.
Automated Park and Charge: Concept and Energy Demand Calculation
Authors: Sturm Axel Wolfgang , Kascha Marcel , Mejri Mohamed Amine , Henze Roman , Heister Laura , Mueck Alexander
Published: July 2024

In this paper, we present the concept of automated park and charge functions in two different use cases. The main use case is automated driving in production and the other use case is within automated valet parking in parking garages. The automated park and charge in production is developed in the scope of the publicly funded project E-SELF in Germany. The central aim of this project is the development and integration of automated driving at the end-of-line in the production at Ford Motor Company's manufacturing plant in Cologne. The driving function thereby is mostly based upon automated valet driving with an infrastructure-based perception and motion planning. Especially for electric vehicles, the state of charge of the battery is critical, since energy is needed for all testing and driving operations at the end-of-line. In addition, long shipping, combined with a specific state of charge requirement at customer delivery, require recharging at the production facility. This recharging process is also an automated process with a robot and demands direct connection to the driving function. The main scope of this paper is the introduction of an energy demand calculation for the necessary charging operations. The developed tool allows multiple analyses for identifying further potentials in the production line. Based on a study of a Ford Mach-E it showed, that the highest energy demands are due to battery self-discharging during standstill, especially in the summer months. For a transport to the customer by train and truck, an energy demand of 2kWh within the production facility is estimated. Longer transport times, e.g. when the vehicle is shipped to the customer, the energy demand increases up to 4 kWh. Depending on the vehicle and application, the developed toolchain allows future optimization of recharging processes and also promotes automated park and charging, where the demands can be individually calculated by the park management system.
Simulating Cloud Environments of Connected Vehicles for Anomaly Detection
Authors: Weiß Matthias , Stümpfle Johannes , Dettinger Falk , Jazdi Nasser , Weyrich Michael
Published: July 2024

The emergence of connected vehicles is driven by increasing customer and regulatory demands. To meet these, more complex software applications, some of which require service-based cloud and edge backends, are developed. Due to the short lifespan of software, it becomes necessary to keep these cloud environments and their applications up to date with security updates and new features. However, as new behavior is introduced to the system, the high complexity and interdependencies between components can lead to unforeseen side effects in other system parts. As such, it becomes more challenging to recognize whether deviations to the intended system behavior are occurring, ultimately resulting in higher monitoring efforts and slower responses to errors.

To overcome this problem, a simulation of the cloud environment running in parallel to the system is proposed. This approach enables the live comparison between simulated and real cloud behavior. Therefore, a concept is developed mirroring the existing cloud system into a simulation. To collect the necessary data, an observability platform is presented, capturing telemetry and architecture information. Subsequently, a simulation environment is designed that converts the architecture into a simulation model and simulates its dynamic workload by utilizing captured communication data.

The proposed concept is evaluated in a real-world application scenario for electric vehicle charging: Vehicles can apply for an unoccupied charging station at a cloud service backend, the latter which manages all incoming requests and performs the assignment. Benchmarks are conducted by comparing the collected telemetry data with the simulated results under different loads and injected faults. The results show that regular cloud behavior is mirrored well by the simulation and that misbehavior due to fault injection is well visible, indicating that simulations are a promising data source for anomaly detection in connected vehicle cloud environments during operation.
Challenges of Measuring Low Levels of CO
2
and NO
x
on H
2
-ICE
Authors: Jakubec Philipp , Roiser Sebastian
Published: July 2024

Society is moving towards climate neutrality where hydrogen fuelled combustion engines (H2 ICE) could be considered a main technology. These engines run on hydrogen (H2) so carbon-based emission are only present at a very low level from the lube oil. The most important pollutants NO and NO2 are caused by the exhaust aftertreatment system as well as CO2 coming from the ambient air.

For standard measurement technologies these low levels of CO2 are hard to detect due to the high-water content. Normal levels of CO2 are between 400-500 ppm which is very close or even below the detection limit of commonly used non-dispersive-infrared-detectors (NDIR). As well the high-water content is very challenging for NOx measuring devices, like chemiluminescence detectors (CLD), where it results in higher noise and therefore a worse detection limit. Even for Fourier-transformed-infrared-spectroscopy-analysers (FT-IR) it is challenging to deal with water content over 15% without increased noise.

The goal of this study was to show that measuring low levels of CO2 and NOx can be performed by FT-IR. Therefore, new calibrations are created for NO, NO2 and CO2. These were first tested by calibration gases in wet and dry conditions. Afterwards a 2l four-cylinder passenger car engine that is run on hydrogen was used to generate real engine data. The engine is equipped with a state-of-the-art SCR catalyst system. The FT-IR analyser was compared to theoretical data as well as to a standard CLD and NDIR. Several steady-state points were performed as well as a driving cycle.

The results show a large improvement in reducing the noise caused by high water and therefore a more accurate measurement at low concentrations. Measured concentrations as well as masses show a good alignment with expected values.
A Computational Study of Hydrogen Direct Injection Using a Pre-Chamber in an Opposed-Piston Engine
Authors: Menaca Rafael , Moreno Cabezas Kevin , Shakeel Mohammad Raghib , Vorraro Giovanni , Turner James W. G. , Im Hong G.
Published: July 2024

Combustion characteristics of a hydrogen (H2) direct-injected (DI) pre-chamber (PC)-assisted opposed piston two-stroke (OP2S) engine are investigated by 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The architecture of the OP2S engine has potential features for reducing wall heat losses, as the DI H2 jets are not directed towards the piston face. To overcome the high resistance to autoignition of H2, a PC technology was implemented in order to enhance the ignition of the mixture by the multiple hot reactive jets. To further investigate the interaction between the H2 plume and the chamber walls, three different piston bowl designs were evaluated and ranked based on a merit function. For the cases under study, the flat piston design was found to be most favorable (compared to the narrow and wide pistons) due to its reduced surface area for lower wall heat losses. The results also showcase that a co-optimization approach considering various parameters is an effective strategy to minimize the flame-wall interaction. The analysis showed that the PC jet must guarantee ignition and also a high-momentum exchange to support mixing-controlled and late combustion stages, while keeping safety limits from being exceeded. Finally, the results highlight that DI-PC H2 combustion exhibits Diesel-like behavior, which can be exploited to achieve high efficiency and low emissions. Similar to conventional Diesel combustion (CDC), DI-PC H2 combustion can provide the control of combustion phasing by adjusting the timing of the hot jet injection. While more work is needed to achieve the same level of efficiency as CDC, the present study demonstrated additional benefits of DI-PC concept as a robust carbon-free engine operation option. Finally, the analysis with respect to the fuel energy distribution and the DI-PC H2 combustion phases shows that it is possible to further optimize combustion, especially in mixing-controlled and late stages.
Future Emissions Following 800,000 Mile Aging Using CDA and a Low Power Electric Heater
Authors: Kramer Jan , Rice Michael , Zavala Bryan , Sharp Christopher , McCarthy James , Karrer Ben
Published: July 2024

Engine and aftertreatment solutions have been identified to meet the upcoming ultra-low NOx regulations on heavy duty vehicles in the United States. These standards will require changes to current conventional aftertreatment systems for dealing with low exhaust temperature scenarios while increasing the useful life of the engine and aftertreatment system. Previous studies have shown feasibility of meeting the US EPA and California Air Resource Board (CARB) requirements. This work includes a 15L diesel engine equipped with cylinder deactivation (CDA) and an aftertreatment system that was fully DAAAC aged to 800,000 miles. The aftertreatment system includes an e-heater (electric heater), light-off Selective Catalytic Reduction (LO-SCR) followed by a primary aftertreatment system containing a DPF and SCR. The e-heater was capable of providing up to 10 kW, however for the purpose of this project, lower power settings of 2.5 kW and 5 kW were studied in combination with CDA for lowest possible CO2 emissions. Test cycles included the heavy duty FPT (hot and cold), a low load cycle, a beverage cycle, and a stay hot operation. The data found in this study show how the application of a low power e-heater enables an engine with CDA and an aftertreatment system after 800,000 miles aging to meet ultra-low NOx emissions with minimum CO2 penalty.
Simulation of Hydrogen Combustion in Spark Ignition Engines Using a Modified Wiebe Model
Authors: Osetrov Oleksandr , Haas Rainer
Published: July 2024

Due to its physical and chemical properties, hydrogen is an attractive fuel for internal combustion engines, providing grounds for studies on hydrogen engines. It is common practice to use a mathematical model for basic engine design and an essential part of this is the simulation of the combustion cycle, which is the subject of the work presented here. One of the most widely used models for describing combustion in gasoline and diesel engines is the Wiebe model. However, for cases of hydrogen combustion in DI engines, which are characterized by mixture stratification and in some cases significant incomplete combustion, practically no data can be found in the literature on the application of the Wiebe model. Based on Wiebe’s formulas, a mathematical model of hydrogen combustion has been developed. The model allows making computations for both DI and PFI hydrogen engines. The parameters of the Wiebe model were assessed for three different engines in a total of 26 operating modes. The modified base model considers the significant incompleteness of hydrogen combustion, which occurs at high air/fuel equivalence ratio. For PFI and DI hydrogen engines, equations and numerical values for the Wiebe model coefficients were determined to describe the dynamic and duration of combustion. Based on our simulation results we suggest using the sum of two Wiebe curves to describe combustion in zones with a lean mixture in DI engines. This allows a more accurate characterization of the combustion dynamics and pressure curves. In order to model a double hydrogen injection, we suggest using the sum of three Wiebe curves representing the combustion of the first injection in the flame front, the diffusion combustion of the second injection, and the relatively slow combustion in lean mixture zones. In the paper, we present a method for selecting the coefficients of each of the Wiebe curves.
Traceability E-Fuels 2035
Authors: Stoll Tobias , Kulzer Andre , Berner Hans-Juergen
Published: July 2024

EU legislation provides for only local CO2 emission-free vehicles to be allowed in individual passenger transport by 2035. In addition, the directive provides for fuels from renewable sources, i.e. defossilised fuels. This development leads to three possible energy sources or forms of energy for use in individual transport. The first possibility is charging with electricity generated from renewable sources, the second possibility is hydrogen generated from renewable sources or blue production path. The third possibility is the use of renewable fuels, also called e-fuels. These fuels are produced from atmospheric CO2 and renewable hydrogen. Possible processes for this are, for example, methanol or Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. The production of these fuels is very energy-intensive and large amounts of renewable electricity are needed. Thus, national production of these fuels in the EU is inefficient in terms of cost and carbon footprint due to the low utilisation rate of renewable energy plants. Outsourcing these processes to regions where renewable energy production takes place under high utilisation rates and thus the amount of installed capacity can be reduced seems to make sense. Nevertheless, it is to be expected that the costs of the renewably produced fuel will be considerably higher than for the respective fossil equivalent. This makes the production and distribution chain susceptible to fraud by mixing it with, or substituting it for, fossil fuel. This problem can only be controlled by appropriate regulations and controls. This paper presents different options for product control and certification, both for the global and the EU trade area. It conceptually discusses different procedures for control, certification and fuel labelling. First, the draft for a global, certificate-based system for production volume control is presented. This draft enables independent trading of certificates and the product. This makes it possible to implement both pure certificate trading and product-linked certificate trading. Thus, each trading zone can implement the system that suits them best, without disturbing the control of the global production volume. In a second step, an automated monitoring system for tracking imported renewable fuels in the EU trading zone is presented. This is done via a second certification authority and continuous digital and governmental monitoring. In a third step, possibilities are presented with which the fuel or the refuelling in the vehicle can be monitored. Finally, a conclusion is given on the practicability of such a monitoring system.
Women in Pentecostal churches and mental wellbeing during the COVID- 19 pandemic: The case of the Apostolic Faith Mission of Zimbabwe
Authors: Mupangwa Terence
Published: July 2024

Pentecostalism, to which the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe belongs, is one of the fastest growing brands of Christianity in Zimbabwe. Most Pentecostal churches promise divine health, deliverance, miracles and prosperity to their members. In the Apostolic Faith Mission of Zimbabwe, women constitute the greater percentage of the church membership. Despite the fact that Pentecostal churches make promises of a good life, a church is generally expected to be a safe haven to its members. This paper wished to examine whether the Pentecostal church response to COVID-19 helped to build or destroy the mental health of its majority members, the women. The findings however show that the church mostly affected women’s mental health in a negative way as it grappled with the challenges brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic. This article therefore contests the claim of providing a good life as done by some Pentecostal churches. This was a qualitative study and utilized findings from a sample of 15 members of the Apostolic Faith Mission in Zimbabwe who were selected using purposive sampling. The findings suggest that the women were stressed by the teachings on
marriage and emphasis on collection of money, discrimination against single women, the prosperity gospel, and patriarchy.
Training of teachers who teach Mathematics with DICT in the Elementary School: a systematic review of the SBEM publications
Authors: Silva Judith Ferreira da , Queirós Wellington Pereira de
Published: July 2024

This bibliographic survey identifies teachers training models that address the teachers training for assignments in mathematics in the Elementary School with DICT. We use, as a theoretical foundation, the training models of José Contreras, and the documentary research methodology of the chronicle type. We have investigated a total of ten articles which were published between 2013 and 2022, in the SBEM journals, and in articles from the ENEM annals. The analysis showed the implicit predominance of the reflective training model for teachers. Thus, we point out the need for research that theoretically explains the training models being used and that addresses the use of DICT from the perspective of the critical intellectual model of mathematics teachers training.
Política participativa: o caso dos orçamentosparticipativos digitais
Authors: Roque Vitor , Borges Jussara
Published: July 2024

Os media participativos têm tido um impacto importante não só por melhorarem os mecanismos participativos previamente existentes, mas principalmente por criarem novas e, por vezes, inovadoras vias de participação para o cidadão. O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o impacto dos media participativos numa destas vias de participação do cidadão, o Orçamento Participativo (OP). Na primeira parte é feito o estudo de implementações de OP, recorrendo a quatro estudos de caso: dois portugueses, Lisboa e Braga, e dois internacionais, Belo Horizonte do Brasil e Miraflores do Perú. Na segunda parte é analisada a perspetiva tecnológica associada ao contexto dos OP, para de seguida, numa terceira parte, se fazer uma breve discussão crítica. Por último, são apresentadas as conclusões.
Análise de duração da permanência nas listas de espera nacionais para cirurgia, por género
Authors: Machado Cândida , Nunes Alcina
Published: July 2024

As listas de espera para cirurgia representam um problema na prestação de cuidados médicos nos países mais desenvolvidos. Daqui advém a importância de perceber a realidade que enquadra esta problemática, de forma a melhorar o processo de implementação de medidas de gestão de listas de espera e a compreender o impacto das mesmas sobre os tempos de espera a que os utentes estão sujeitos. Desta forma, este artigo tem como objetivo a análise dos tempos de permanência dos utentes, por género, em lista de espera para cirurgia em Portugal Continental, para um período de 19 anos, entre 1990 e 2009. A análise é realizada com o recurso a modelos econométricos de duração, onde se inclui uma análise não-paramétrica, com recurso aos estimadores de Kaplan-Meier e Nelson-Aalen. Através desta metodologia foi possível quantificar os tempos de espera, calculando a probabilidade de saída dos utentes da lista. Observa-se que o tempo de espera por uma cirurgia se situa, em geral, entre os 2 a 3 meses. Quando se subdivide a amostra, tendo em conta o género dos utentes, observa-se que os utentes femininos permanecem mais tempo em lista de espera.
Inclusão: a escola contemporânea
Authors: Machado Cristina , Serrano Ana Maria
Published: July 2024

Este artigo representa uma abordagem ao debate académico sobre o conceito de Inclusão Escolar, analisado a partir dos processos históricos que o consagraram até aos nossos dias, assim como das aproximações à sua implementação no contexto dos atuais movimentos inclusivos em prática nas comunidades educativas contemporâneas.
Imprensa periódica na beira interior (Portugal, 1900-1930)
Authors: Gouveia Regina
Published: July 2024

Neste artigo confere-se a representatividade do movimento jornalístico da Beira Interior no espaço regional e nacional e em termos de filiação político­-partidária. As nossas principais fontes são, obviamente, os jornais que se publicaram na Beira, cujos dados procurámos confrontar e enquadrar com os já coligidos em historiográfias e monografias locais. As pesquisas efectuadas permitiram-nos concluir que a história e a geografia da imprensa beirã carece de uma revisão séria, para o que queremos contribuir, corrigindo ao longo do nosso texto algumas imprecisões com que nos confrontámos. Pretendemos ainda salientar a riqueza do espólio em análise, a multiplicidade de estudos a que poderá servir de fonte, o quanto pode ajudar à compreensão da realidade doutros tempos, em inúmeros aspectos por demais justificativos de uma maior valorização como fontes e, consequentemente, de uma mais adequada preservação.
Studying the personality for preparing interrogation a suspect from among those sentenced to imprisonment who committed phone fraud
Authors: Волков Д.Ю. , Кремлев М.В.
Published: July 2024

В статье анализируется один из существенных элементов подготовки к допросу подозреваемого – изучение его личности. Минимально необходимый перечень характеризующей информации закреплен на уровне уголовно-процессуального законодательства и разъяснения Верховного Суда Российской Федерации, но следователь не должен ограничиваться исключительно указанным объемом. При изучении личности пенитенциарного преступника следователь должен избегать шаблонной схемы сбора информации, обязательным условием должно являться установление социальных связей осужденного, так как именно родственники и знакомые, как правило, осуществляют доставку средств сотовой связи на территорию исправительного учреждения. Комплексная характеризующая информация о допрашиваемом, полученная в том числе и от оперативных уполномоченных органов внутренних дел и уголовно-исполнительной системы, призвана способствовать выработке версий совершения преступления, установлению психологического контакта, определению времен проведения допроса, проработке запланированных вопросов и т. д.

The article analyzes one of the essential elements of preparation for the interrogation of a suspect – the study of the identity of the interrogated. The minimum required list of characterizing information is fixed at the level of criminal procedure legislation and explanations of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation, but the investigator should not be limited solely to the specified volume. When studying the personality of a penitentiary criminal, the investigator should avoid a template scheme for collecting information, a prerequisite should be the establishment of social ties of the convicted person, since it is relatives and acquaintances who, as a rule, deliver cellular communications to the territory of the correctional institution. Comprehensive characterizing information about the interrogated, received, among other things, from the operational authorized bodies of internal affairs and the penal system, is designed to facilitate development of versions of the commission of a crime, establishment of psychological contact, the determination of the time of interrogation, elaboration of planned issues, etc.
Importance of applied psychology methods for the detection and investigation of crimes
Authors: Соколова О.А.
Published: July 2024

В статье показано значение методов прикладной психологии для раскрытия и расследования преступлений. Отмечено, что на современном этапе развития психологические знания являются наиболее востребованными как в теоретическом курсе традиционной криминалистики, где предлагается новое направление – криминалистическая диагностика лжи, так и в правоприменительной деятельности. Проведенный анализ отечественной и зарубежной литературы, посвященной исследованиям в области прикладной психологии, свидетельствует, что когнитивное интервью – самая значимая разработка в судебной психологии за последние двадцать лет. Автором рассматриваются возможности когнитивного интервью как одного из эффек- тивных методов прикладной психологии, способствующего активизации памяти человека, вовлеченного в орбиту уголовного судопроизводства, для получения криминалистически значимой информации.

he article shows the importance of applied psychology methods for the detection and investigation of crimes. It is noted that nowadays psychological knowledge is most in demand both in the theoretical course of traditional criminology with a new direction, such as forensic diagnosis of lies, and in law enforcement activities. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature devoted to research in the field of applied psychology shows that cognitive interview is the most significant development in forensic psychology over the past twenty years. The author considers possibilities of cognitive interview as one of the effective methods of applied psychology contributing to the activation of the memory of a person involved in criminal proceedings to obtain criminally significant information.
Improving means of educational influence on those sentenced to forced labor
Authors: Шириков В.В.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассматривается применение поощрительных средств и мер взысканий в отношении осужденных к наказанию в виде принудительных работ. Анализируются методы и инструменты воспитательного воздействия, используемые в исправительных учреждениях, включая инди- видуальное взаимодействие, групповую работу, образовательные программы, психологическое консультирование, культурные и спортивные мероприятия, а также работу с семьями осужденных. Особое внимание уделяется вопросам поощрения и взыскания, регламентированным в законодательстве. Акцентируется внимание на важности воспитательного воздействия на осужденных как средстве их реабилитации и предотвращения рецидива пре- ступлений. Воспитательная работа оказывает духовное влияние на личность осужденного, восстанавливает, прививает навыки правильной ориентации в иерархии социальных ценностей, что повышает шансы успешно вернуться в общество после отбытия наказания. Проанализированы нормы ст. 60.13–60.16 УИК РФ, обнаружены противоречия, требующие пересмотра некоторых формулировок.

The article discusses the use of incentive measures and penalties against those sentenced to punishment in the form of forced labor. Methods and tools of educational influence used in correctional institutions are analyzed, including individual interaction, group work, educational programs, psychological counseling, cultural and sports events, as well as work with families of convicts. Special attention is paid to the issues of incentives and penalties regulated in legislation. Attention is focused on the importance of educational influence on convicts as a means of their rehabilitation and recidivism prevention. Educational work has a spiritual impact on the personality of a convicted person, restores and instills skills of correct orientation in the hierarchy of social values, which increases chances of successful return to society after release. Norms of Articles 60.13–60.16 of the Penal Code of the Russian Federation are analyzed and contradictions requiring revision of some formulations are found.
ALIRAN ASY’ARIYAH , SEJARAH DAN POKOK AJARANNYA
Authors: Muhammad Habibullah  , Indo Santalia  , Alwi
Published: July 2024

Studi ini membahas pemikiran Islam terhadap aliran Asy'ariyah, salah satu aliran teologis yang penting dalam tradisi pemikiran Islam. Melalui metode studi literatur, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi sejarah berdirinya aliran Asy'ariyah, pokok ajarannya, keterkaitannya dengan aliran Mu'tazilah, serta profil tokoh-tokoh yang mewakili aliran ini. Sejarah aliran Asy'ariyah dimulai dengan Abu Hasan al-Asy'ari, yang memainkan peran sentral dalam mengembangkan pemikiran ini. Asy'ariyah menekankan pada konsep-konsep teologis seperti sifat Tuhan, kekuasaan-Nya, dan peran manusia dalam ketentuan ilahi. Meskipun berbeda dalam pendekatan dengan Mu'tazilah, terdapat titik persamaan yang penting untuk dipahami, sementara pengaruh antara keduanya juga perlu diperhatikan. Profil tokoh-tokoh seperti al-Asy'ari, al-Maturidi, dan al-Ghazali juga disorot dalam kontribusi mereka terhadap pemikiran Asy'ariyah. Studi tentang Asy'ariyah memberikan pemahaman yang lebih dalam tentang keragaman pemikiran Islam dan warisan intelektual yang penting bagi umat Islam.
The Promise and the Challenge: Large Language Models for Patient Education - Are We There Yet?
Authors: Yılmaz İbrahim Edhem
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the potential of large language models (LLMs) for delivering patient education materials. Two LLMs, Gemini and ChatGPT 3.5, were analysed for their ability to provide clear and understandable information on the topic of blepharitis, a common eye condition.
The understandability and actionability of the information provided by the LLMs in response to a set of questions were evaluated using PEMAT, a standardised tool for assessing educational materials. The responses included the important aspects of blepharitis, yet the Flesch-Kincaid readability scores were below the suggested range of 60-70 for patient education materials. Gemini received a score of 38.75, whereas ChatGPT 3.5 earned 26.35, suggesting that the content might be too intricate for the target audience..
These findings suggest that while LLMs have the potential to be informative resources, their current readability levels may limit their effectiveness in providing accessible health information to patients. Further research is needed to explore methods for adapting LLM outputs to ensure clear and concise communication suitable for patient education.
Quantitative assessment of the results of lymphovenous edema therapy in patients after combined treatment of breast cancer
Authors: Kikhtenko I.M. , Khvorostenko Yu.M. , Primakova Ye.M.
Published: July 2024

Background. Secondary lymphovenous edema of the hand is one of the most common and serious complications of specialized treatment of breast cancer. Purpose – to quantify the dynamics of treatment of lymphovenous edema of the hand by measuring its volume using the proposed device model. Materials and methods. In 23 patients, the type of radiation injury was determined by the radionuclide method, the degree of secondary hand edema was determined using a number of designed devices. Treatment was performed by irradiating the areas of radiation fibrosis and the corresponding lymphatic collectors with ultra-low frequency electromagnetic radiation (UHF EMR) and compression lymphatic drainage. Results and discussion. The dynamics of the treatment was evaluated by the change in the volume of the hand, which was determined by the amount of fluid displaced from the model of the measuring device when the distal part of the upper limb was immersed in it. Conclusions. This technique can be considered as an objective method for quantifying lymphovenous edema of the hand.