bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pemahaman Identitas Moral dalam Meningkatkan Kemampuan Pengambilan Keputusan Etis bagi Para Peserta Didik Pendidikan Agama Kristen
Authors: Oei Amos Winarto
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:Â This article examines whether appealing to learners moral identity makes a significant contribution to their ethical decision making. Moral identity theory and experiment in moral psychology will be used as a source to be reckoned with in improving ethical decision making. This is to avoid excessive emphasis on emotions, environment and knowledge of the rules which did have an impact on one's ethical decision making. The approach used in this article is the quantitative approach. The result showed that the understanding of moral identity can act as an element to boost the ability of ethical decision making. This suggests that religious education which appeals to the learners moral identity can help them to make better ethical decision when complementing the emotional, the environment and the rule-based knowledge approaches. Thus, it is expected that the learners can have good moral character in the future. This moral identity appeal should be widely adopted as a common practice in religious education class.Â KEYWORDS:Â moral identity,Â ethical decision,Â understanding,Â cognitive development,Â religious education.
Music-Makers and Reformed Theology
Authors: Perez Jahdiel N
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:Â If Reformed theology hopes to impact contemporary and future societiesÂ as much as possibleÂ it will have to harness the unique power of music to influence the world beyond the walls of the Church. In this essay, I want to draw attention to the ways in which Christianity, in general, and Reformed theology, in particular, are criticized through music and what we can do to respond. I will introduce an approach to Christian apologetics, which I callÂ sonic-apologeticsÂ that enables our music-makers to defend the faith musically. In the first part of this paper, I will discuss five problems to which sonic-apologetics is an answer. This will anchor the second part of this essay, in which I construct sonic-apologetics from three notions: (1) methodological emphasis on effects, (2) genres of expression, and (3) the distinction between linear and angled apologetic responses. In the final part of this essay, I present two different study cases of sonic-apologetics. Nothing about what I will discuss regarding sonic-apologetics changing existing liturgical norms of Christian churches, especially Reformed ones. It does, however, call for those producing and performing music in these churches to direct their music-making interests and abilities toward the world outside the church walls.Â KEYWORDS:Â reformed theology, music, sonic-apologetics.
Menuju Kesetaraan dalam Beragama yang Berbudaya: Refleksi Seminari Injili
Authors: Siburian Togardo
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:Â This article discusses a variety of modern man who is more civilized from the Evangelical perspective. Nowadays, the relations between different religious people is still filled with religious violence and conflicts. This happens because of extreme radicalism views wich perhaps are caused by the leftovers of our religious studies and practices in the past. There was a misunderstanding in processing religion wich could destroy the future of human civilization due to the absence of a culture of togetherness. The Evangelical Christianity may participate to think few principles of religious life wich are better for present humanity. The recommended principles are: 1) the importance of natural religious comparison in the normal society, 2) returning to the principle of missional church, 3) prioritizing the ethical emphasis more than the apologetical, 4) the balance between faith commitment and religious tolerance, 5) prophetic leadership rather than priesthood only, 6) faith particularism than religious exclusivism in inter-religious approach, 7) personal spirituality rather than individual religiosity. Thereby it is hoped that religious people may live together easier within the context of national unity and world peace.Â KEYWORDS:Â religious, conflict, collective civilization, normal comparison, ethical, prophetic, missional, particular.
Melampaui Politisi, Menuju Negarawan: Refleksi Etis Kristiani
Authors: Siburian Togardo
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT:Â This article wants to study the possibility of principles of statemen for politician in these days. As we know, most politicians behave an conduct more as a handiman of politics, instead of a statemen (used to be called: politicos). Therefore Christian reflection on ethics became essential to comprehend the imbalance practice and concept that emerged. This studies is done from ethical perspective through library research. Out of the three things mentioned that make political issues today chaotic particularly is: 1) A detached politics from ethics, 2) political study today only focused on law and social studies, 3) and forget philosophical and historical perspective to the study. Based on the way of ethical politics today, we found a principles that enrich ecclesiastical mandate and transformation in society.Â KEYWORDS:Â political matters, ethics, politician, statemen, Christian, transformation, mandate, church.
Hak Atas Kebebasan Beragama/Berkeyakinan: Sebuah Upaya Pendasaran Filosofis
Authors: Hasanuddin Iqbal
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: This paper tries to give a philosophical foundation to the rights to freedom of religion/belief. So far, the rights to freedom of religion/belief have been considered legitimated because resulted in General Assembly of the United Nations as mutual consensus of all nations around the world. Although, the normativity of the rights to freedom of religion/belief based on that mutual consensus is not ethical-philosophical, but political. By the justice argument of John Rawls and the self-ownership argument of Robert Nozick, this paper tries to give a moral foundation to the guarantee of respect and protection of the freedom of religion/belief. KEYWORDS: freedom of religion/belief, human rights instruments, forum internum, forum eksternum, justice, slef-ownership.ABSTRAK: Tujuan makalah ini adalah memberikan pendasaran filosofis bagi hak atas kebebasan beragama/berkeyakinan. Sejauh ini, hak atas kebebasan beragama/berkeyakinan (KBB) dipandang sebagai sesuatu yang bersifat normatif, karena dihasilkan dalam sidang-sidang Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-bangsa (PBB) sehingga telah menjadi konsensus bersama bangsa-bangsa di seluruh dunia. Namun demikian, normativitas hak atas KBB yang didasarkan pada konsensus bersama itu masih bersifat politis, belum memiliki dasar etis-filosofis. Melalui argumen keadilan yang didasarkan pada pemikiran John Rawls dan argumen kepemilikan-diri yang didasarkan pada pemikiran Robert Nozick, makalah ini mencoba memberikan landasan moral bagi jaminan penghormatan dan perlindungan bagi kebebasan beragama/berkeyakinan. KATA-KATA KUNCI: kebebasan beragama/berkeyakinan, instrumen-instrumen HAM, forum internum, forum eksternum, keadilan, kepemilikan-diri.
Koreksi Persaudaraan: Tantangan dalam Mengembangkan Hidup Bersama
Authors: Putra Andreas Maurenis
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: Fraternal correction is an endeavor that will never end in life. In the diversity of the society, fraternal correction needs to be a pillar to achieve lifes goal of living together as expected through the idea of Augustine. With the reality of plurality, fraternal correction is expected to be one of the strongest foundations in spite of challenges such as differences in interpretation, communication and corrective aversion. It is difficult but necessary to be actualized because it is useful in building togetherness and bringing repentance.Â Fraternal correction is an admonition given to our neighbor to help them along the path to holiness. It is a means of spiritual progress to help us to know our defects, since these may often be hidden from us by our limitations, disguised by our self-love. It is a necessary precondition to enable us to tackle those defects with Gods help, and so improve our living. KEYWORDS: fraternal correction,
Kebijakan Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) dalam Pandangan "Theory of Justice" John Rawls
Authors: Pasaribu Wadyo Pandapotan
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT: This article with a title "ThePolicy of People Business Credit (PBC ID: KUR) in the view of John Rawls Theory of Justice" will firstly explain the economic condition of our country (the Republic of Indonesia) from the analysis of experts in economy and governments view to the current economic situation. Next, the discussion is about the formula of the policy of people business credit as an economic policy of Indonesian government in her effort to reduce the number of economic gap or income gap with a business fund allocation to SMEthrough PBC program. Then, this article explains John Rawls general principle of justice which is related to pareto optimalitywhereas on its practical level it is distributive justice that takes effect, in which each actor will get in accordance with his contribution in the market.Â KEYWORDS:people business credit, distributive justice, John Rawls
Módulo de vivienda con material reciclable en la ciudad de Huánuco
Authors: Jaimes Reátegui Sumaya , Matto Pablo Edgar Grimaldo , Arestegui de Kohama Darcy Eudomilia , Torres Romero Lucio , Mariano Santiago Heli , Fernandez Sixto Erasmo A. , Cueva Solis Edelmido D. , Carbajal Vílchez Cynthia S. , Valladares Venturo Mijael Hans , Valentín Valverde Emerson Pavel , Simón Campos Cesar Augusto
Published: February 2019

La construcción de un módulo de vivienda con materiales reciclables aporta con un sistema constructivo innovador y permite cambiar la conducta ambiental. El objetivo de la investigación es la construcción de un módulo de vivienda con material reciclable en la ciudad de Huánuco, transformando los residuos sólidos en elementos útiles para la construcción de viviendas, así mismo presentar una propuesta de solución al problema de déficit de viviendas y al problema de contaminación ambiental. La metodología planteada genera nuevo conocimiento en la experiencia proyectual de un proyecto hecho o de uno a construir. Se realizó ensayos de compresión de las botellas de plásticos y se analizó la cimentación. Se concluyó que los neumáticos de aro 16 son aptos para utilizarlos en la cimentación y en las ventanas; los neumáticos de trimoviles son aptos para el sobrecimiento; las botellas (pet) de agua mineral, rellena con tierra compacta son aptos para los muros y las fajas de neumáticos son aptos para la cobertura.
Indigeneity of Peoples in the Context of Ethiopia: A Tool in the Pursuit of Justice Against Land Dispossessions
Authors: Hindeya Tilahun Weldie
Published: February 2019

This article examines the relevance and appropriateness of identifying groups of peoples as indigenous in the context of Ethiopia. By drawing on the criteria of indigenous peoples formulated at the international and regional (African) levels, it contends that few groups, including the Anywaa, the Gumuz and the Afar, qualify as indigenous. Further, the article notes that recognising these groups as indigenous has far-reaching implications on their right to maintain access and ties to and control over their ancestral land.
Application of olefin metathesis in the synthesis of functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and POSS-containing polymeric materials
Authors: Żak Patrycja , Pietraszuk Cezary
Published: February 2019

This mini-review summarizes the applications of olefin metathesis in synthesis and functionalization of polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS) and POSS-containing polymeric materials. Three types of processes, i.e., cross metathesis (CM) of vinyl-substituted POSS with terminal olefins, acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) copolymerization of divinyl-substituted POSS with α,ω-dienes and ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of POSS-substituted norbornene (or other ROMP susceptible cycloolefins) are discussed. Emphasis was put on the synthetic and catalytic aspects rather than on the properties and applications of synthesized materials.
STRATEGIEN ZUR TRANSFORMATION VON DIENSTLEISTUNGEN AUF INFORMATIONSTECHNOLOGIE AM BEISPIEL DER WIRTSCHAFTSPRÜFER IN DER EUROPÄISCHEN UNION (ARTICLE IN GERMAN)
Authors: Wittsiepe Richard , Ginevičius Romualdas
Published: February 2019

Currently implementation of informational society is seen by European Commission as important factor, which could lead to improving of compatriots’ living standards. Despite number of internet users exceeds 50 millions, it still makes only as much as one third of that number in USA. Consequently questions related to information technologies Services’ transformation strategy have become of prime importance. Presented paper deals with the issue on basis of Web Trust Assurance Service methodic proposed by American Institute of Certified Public Accountants (AICPA). This new system embraces four following areas: needs of clients, mega trends, informational technologies and auditors’ competence. Analysis shows that contemporary financial statement audit system doesn't meet requirements of investors, creditors and other users. At first, it is not of prime importance. The second, auditors are expected to perform their tasks only formally. The third, notion of auditor's independence remains obscure. The new audit system is more oriented to informational technologies. It includes determination of informational aspects, which are necessary for performance of audits’ functions, also determination of potential clients’ groups, development of new norms, criteria and etc. In this system the main role has been played by auditors. In the paper it has been emphasized that adoption of the system in Baltic countries would accelerate integration into European Union.
MANAGERIAL STYLE AND ITS MANAGERIAL IMPLICATIONS FOR ORGANIZATIONS IN THE SLOVAK REPUBLIC
Authors: Vargic Branislav , Luptakova Stanislava
Published: February 2019

The article presents outcomes of a survey focusing on a style of management in Slovak organizations, using Blake amp;Mouton's managerial grid. The results presented ate based on a survey, consisting of a sample of 512 questionnaires addressing all managerial levels in Slovak companies. The corporations included in the survey are from various industries and fields of business as well as of different financial and capital ownership structures. The main objective of the survey is to portray management style of the managers in Slovakia from the perspective of managerial grid, analyzing people or task orientation in their managerial work. Further, the paper illustrates the differences in management style regarding the gender and the capital ownership of the company and depicts the consistency of the management style in relation to subordinates with the preferred management style from the superiors.
TAX EVASION THROUGH OFFSHORE COMPANIES: HOW IMPORTANT THE PHENOMENON IS?
Authors: Ginevičius Romualdas , Tvaronavičiene Manuela
Published: February 2019

The aim of the paper is to elaborate phenomenon of offshore activity. In the article principles and conditions of offshore companies’ performance have been discussed and the most popular areas of offshore economical activity analyzed. Authors’ view to efficiency of Lithuanian government's attempts to restrict usage of offshore zones has been presented.
THE PROBLEMS OF LOGISTICS WITHIN THE FRAME OF EUROPEAN PLATFORM FOR TRANSPORT RESEARCH
Authors: Kabashkin Igor
Published: February 2019

Review of the main research activities in the field of transport and freight logistics within the frames of European Research Area and European Platform for Transport Research.
SIMULATION ANALYSIS OF THE WEEKEND EFFECT'S PROBLEM
Authors: Frenkel Boris , Alberg Dmitry , Frenkel Ilia
Published: February 2019

The proposed paper uses the simulation approach to the analysis of the model, which explains the essence of the ‘Weekend Effect’ existing on the world's stock exchanges. This effect contains the difference of the daily working ratio between Saturday and Monday. The stock market is considered as the Queuing System functioning according to the Matchmaker concept.
Two Jovian Planets around the Giant Star HD 202696: A Growing Population of Packed Massive Planetary Pairs around Massive Stars?
Authors: Trifonov Trifon , Stock Stephan , Henning Thomas , Reffert Sabine , Kürster Martin , Lee Man Hoi , Bitsch Bertram , Butler R. Paul , Vogt Steven S.
Published: February 2019

We present evidence for a new two-planet system around the giant star HD 202696 (=HIP 105056, BD +26 4118). The discovery is based on public HIRES radial velocity (RV) measurements taken at Keck Observatory between 2007 July and 2014 September. We estimate a stellar mass of

for HD 202696, which is located close to the base of the red giant branch. A two-planet self-consistent dynamical modeling MCMC scheme of the RV data followed by a long-term stability test suggests planetary orbital periods of P
b = 

and P
c = 

days, eccentricities of e
b = 

and e
c = 

, and minimum dynamical masses of m
b = 

and m
c = 

M
Jup, respectively. Our stable MCMC samples are consistent with orbital configurations predominantly in a mean period ratio of 11:6 and its close-by high-order mean-motion commensurabilities with low eccentricities. For the majority of the stable configurations, we find an aligned or anti-aligned apsidal libration (i.e., Δω librating around 0° or 180°), suggesting that the HD 202696 system is likely dominated by secular perturbations near the high-order 11:6 mean-motion resonance. The HD 202696 system is yet another Jovian-mass pair around an intermediate-mass star with a period ratio below the 2:1 mean-motion resonance. Therefore, the HD 202696 system is an important discovery that may shed light on the primordial disk–planet properties needed for giant planets to break the strong 2:1 mean-motion resonance and settle in more compact orbits.
A Small Molecule with PAH Vibrational Properties and a Detectable Rotational Spectrum: c-(C)C3H2, Cyclopropenylidenyl Carbene
Authors: Agbaglo Donatus , Lee Timothy J. , Thackston Russell , Fortenberry Ryan C.
Published: February 2019

The cyclopropenylidenyl carbene, c-(C)C3H2, should make for an excellent probe of unidentified infrared bands. It has a dipole moment of roughly 5.0 D making it easily detectable rotationally from the ground. Furthermore, it has vibrational frequencies computed here with proven and high-level quantum chemical methods that line up rather well with the typical C−H stretch, C−C stretch, out-of-plane wag, etc., bins delineated for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon fundamental frequencies. For instance, the bright C = C stretches are predicted to be at 5.474 and 6.394 μm, in line with the aromatic infrared bands observed toward various astrophysical regions and within the range of the EXES instrument on board the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy. As a result, potential radioastronomical detection of this molecule could be followed with IR analysis leading to a rare two-pronged analysis for this hydrocarbon, which should shed light onto the nature of currently unattributed IR features.
High Forbidden-to-resonance Line Ratio of O vii Discovered from the Cygnus Loop
Authors: Uchida H. , Katsuda S. , Tsunemi H. , Mori K. , Gu L. , Cumbee R. S. , Petre R. , Tanaka T.
Published: February 2019

Charge exchange (CX) is an important process in shock physics because it indicates an interaction between downstream ions and ambient neutral hydrogen, suggesting the presence of a collisionless shock. We present a high-resolution spectroscopy of an X-ray bright spot in a nearby supernova remnant (SNR), the Cygnus Loop, with the Reflection Grating Spectrometer (RGS) on board XMM-Newton. The target is a compact knotty structure called the “southwestern knot” (SW-K) located at the outer edge of the shell, where the blast wave is likely interacting with dense surrounding materials. The RGS spectrum of the SW-K shows details of the line features below ∼1 keV, where we discover a high forbidden-to-resonance line ratio of O vii Heα. The soft-band (10–35 Å) spectrum is well explained by a thermal component with a CX X-ray emission obscured by neutral and ionized absorbers. The presence of the CX X-ray emission will provide new insights into the shock physics of SNRs. The high-resolution spectroscopy also reveals that the CNO, Ne, and Fe abundances are truly lower than the solar values (0.2–0.4 solar) at the SW-K region. Our result gives a clue to solving the previously known “low-abundance problem” reported from a number of evolved SNRs.
The Initial Morphologies of the Wavefronts of Extreme Ultraviolet Waves
Authors: Zheng Ruisheng , Xue Zhike , Chen Yao , Wang Bing , Song Hongqiang
Published: February 2019

The morphologies of the wavefronts of extreme ultraviolet (EUV) waves can shed light on their physical nature and driving mechanism, which are still strongly debated. In reality, the wavefronts always deform after interacting with ambient coronal structures during their propagation. Here, we focus on the initial wavefront morphologies of four selected EUV waves that are closely associated with jets or flux-rope eruptions, using the high spatio-temporal resolution observations and different perspectives from the Solar Dynamics Observatory and the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory. For the jet-driven waves, the jets originated from one end of the overlying closed loops, and the arc-shaped wavefront formed around the other, far end of the expanding loops. The extrapolated field lines of the Potential Field Source Surface model show the close relationships between the jets, the wavefronts, and the overlying closed loops. For the flux-rope-driven waves, the flux ropes (sigmoids) lifted off beneath the overlying loops, and the circular wavefronts had an intimate spatio-temporal relation with the expanding loops. All of the results suggest that the configuration of the overlying loops and their locations relative to the erupting cores are very important for the formation and morphology of the wavefronts, and two jet-driven waves and two flux-rope-driven waves are likely triggered by the sudden expansion of the overlying closed loops. We also propose that the wavefront of EUV wave is possibly integrated by a chain of wave components triggered by a series of separated expanding loops.
Jovian Cosmic-Ray Protons in the Heliosphere: Constraints by Cassini Observations
Authors: Roussos Elias , Krupp Norbert , Dialynas Konstantinos , Kollmann Peter , Paranicas Christopher , Echer Ezequiel , Mitchell Donald G. , Krimigis Stamatios M.
Published: February 2019

Measurements of >82 MeV Galactic cosmic-ray (GCR) protons at Earth indicate that they may be mixed with protons that leak into the heliosphere from Jupiter’s magnetosphere (Jovian cosmic-ray protons (JCRPs)). A ∼400 day periodicity in these proton fluxes, which is similar to the synodic period between Jupiter and Earth, and an excess proton flux observed when Jupiter and Earth can be connected through the interplanetary magnetic field were the basis for this claim. Using nearly 13 yr of GCR measurements at Saturn with Cassini’s Magnetosphere Imaging Instrument, we show that the ∼400 day periodicity is also present in ≳100 MeV protons at ∼9.6 au, although the synodic period between Saturn and Jupiter is ∼20 yr. We also find that the features responsible for this periodicity were convected from 1 au to Saturn’s distance with the solar wind velocity. Their origin is therefore heliospheric, not Jovian. We attribute these features to quasi-biennial oscillations, observed in the solar magnetic field and various heliospheric indices. This finding indicates that fluxes of JCRPs at 1 au, if present, are considerably overestimated, because the signal originally attributed to them represents the amplitude of the ∼400 day periodic GCR oscillation. This oscillation has to be subtracted before the resulting proton GCR flux residuals are analyzed in the context of a possible Jovian source. A confirmation of the presence of JCRPs over extended regions in the heliosphere and a constraint on their fractional abundance in GCR spectra may therefore require further validation and analysis, and several options are proposed for this purpose.
Senyumia granitica (Gesneriaceae) from Johor, Malaysia, the second species of Senyumia
Authors: Kiew Ruth , Lau Kah-Hoo
Published: February 2019

The genus Senyumia was previously known from a single species, S.minutiflora (Ridl.) Kiew, A.Weber & B.L.Burtt, from a limestone karst, Gunung Senyum, in Pahang, Malaysia. Senyumiagranitica Kiew, here described and illustrated, is the second species of the genus. It differs from S.minutiflora, not only in its habitat, but also in its shorter leaves, larger, non-resupinate or only partially resupinate flowers and smaller seeds. It is known from a small, fragmented population from a low range of hills. Therefore, under the IUCN Red List Categories & Criteria, it is assessed as Critically Endangered.
Effect of the Concentration and Duration of Application of Mitomycin C in Trabeculectomy
Authors: Neelakantan Arvind , Krishnan N , Rao B Sridhar , Priya Sita V , Vijaya L , Murugeshan Radha , Grandham Sai B
Published: February 2019

ABSTRACT

Ninety-three consecutive trabeculectomies in which mitomycin C (MMC) was applied intraoperatively, either at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL for 5 minutes (n = 48) or at a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL for 3 minutes (n=45), were reviewed to determine whether there was a significant difference between the two groups in terms of intraocular pressure (IOP) control and the incidence of complications. Preoperative and postoperative IOPs in the two groups did not differ significantly (P = .817 and .131, respectively). The 5-mtnute group had a higher incidence of serous choroidal detachments (P = .001). The incidence of postoperative hypotony and filtration failure with uncontrolled IOP in the two groups did not significantly differ (P = .177 and .582, respectively). Thus, intraoperative application of MMC at a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL for 3 minutes controlled postoperative IOP as effectively as MMC at a concentration of 0.5 mg/mL for 5 minutes, with a significantly lower incidence of choroidal detachments.
SURVEYING THE EDGES: HOMEOWNERS' PERSPECTIVES ON RESIDENTIAL ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IMPROVEMENTS IN OHIO
Authors: Chen Qian , Romich Eric , Cruse Andrew , Gorzitze Andrea , Shi Hongsen , Zhao Lingying
Published: February 2019

While energy costs, home size, and home age in Ohio fall into an average range for the United States as a whole, homes in Ohio are well below the average price, making homeowners particularly cost sensitive when considering investments on energy savings features. In addition, Ohio is the seventh largest emitter of carbon dioxide in the nation, suggesting that reducing energy use can have an outsized environmental impact. These not only pose a tremendous challenge but also an urgency to home energy conservation in Ohio. This study examines residential consumers' understanding of and attitudes toward various energy efficiency measures (EEMs) and renewable energy systems (RESs) through a questionnaire survey with a sample size of 519 Ohio homeowners. The survey results not only revealed Ohio homeowners' knowledge gap but also identified barriers to implementing these improvements. The findings can assist in developing high-quality, well-tailored education and outreach programs to help homeowners make informed energy saving decisions. They can also help guide local policy decisions and the development of effective initiatives or incentive programs. This study suggests that it is imperative to fill the knowledge gap among homeowners, educate them about reasonable expectations on return on investment, and increase their awareness of non-energy benefits that could be achieved through home energy efficiency and renewable energy improvements.
THE IMPACT OF LEED-ENERGY STAR CERTIFIED OFFICE BUILDINGS ON THE MARKET VALUE OF ADJOINING BUILDINGS IN NEW YORK CITY
Authors: Suh Min Jae , Pearce Annie R. , Song Yuhyun , Kwak Young Hoon , Kim Jung In , Zhang Yang
Published: February 2019

Green building certification is a useful way to support objective evaluations of the sustainability of a building. Both the Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) and Energy Star certifications are designed to reduce the negative environmental impacts of buildings and provide positive economic benefits to certified buildings. Given that a demonstrable positive economic impact is also required to satisfy one element of the triple bottom line of sustainability for these certifications, this study examined the economic impact of LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings on the market values of adjoining buildings in Manhattan, New York City (NYC), using a spatial analysis based on a Geographic Information System (GIS) and a statistical analysis utilizing R-Project. The study's findings reveal a positive impact for LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings on their adjoining buildings, pointing to the need for future research to investigate the spillover effect of LEED and/or Energy Star certified office buildings on other buildings in their neighborhood from a socio-economic standpoint.
A European Recommendation for the Conservation-Restoration of cultural heritage
Authors: Castaldi Monica Martelli , Cueco David Aguilella , Hutchings Jeremy , Organisations E.C.C.O. European Confederation of
Published: February 2019

The draft of the first European Recommendation for the Conservation-Restoration of Cultural Heritage proposed by E.C.C.O., written with the support of ICCROM and participation of ENCoRE signifies a further step towards guaranteeing preservation of cultural heritage and greater recognition of the actors in this field. The Recommendation takes into consideration the need to define and regulate the field itself as a whole. This article presents this document and places it within the context of the work carried out by E.C.C.O. which includes other efforts to define the Conservation-Restoration profession, raise awareness and ensure the continued preservation of cultural heritage as a whole.
The Early History of Preventive Conservation in Great Britain and the United States (1850–1950)
Authors: Lambert Simon
Published: February 2019

The early history of preventive conservation is characterized by the progressive integration of science into the museum world and the strengthening of collaboration between curators, conservators and scientists. This article traces the development of this discipline in Great Britain and in the United States, examining the role played by museum controversies, public debates, and pre- and post-war efforts, between 1850 and 1950.
Parasites of the Glory
Authors: Martore Paolo
Published: February 2019

Conservation as a basic task of the museum rests on the recognition of artworks. However, within the domain of contemporary art, the recognition process is often demanding and controversial, demonstrating a performative and reflexive effect. As a crucial action through which Conservation defines itself by defining the artwork’s values, recognition is the moment when the neglected ideological facet of the museum’s mission comes to light.
L'enquête sur la formation des restaurateurs dans l'Entre-Deux-Guerres: transformation d’un métier et reconnaissance d’une profession (1929-2011)
Authors: Leveau Pierre
Published: February 2019

Cet article explique comment l’enquête sur la formation des restaurateurs commandée par l’Office international des Musées (OIM) en 1932 a finalement conduit en 1981 le Comité pour la Conservation du Comité international des Musées (ICOM-CC) à reconnaître la profession de conservateur-restaurateur. Il montre que la réglementation de la profession en Europe est l’aboutissement d’un processus amorcé il y a près d’un siècle. Il comble ainsi une lacune historiographique et revient sur la question de la protection du titre des praticiens, toujours en suspens.
Les collections permanentes du Louvre et l’exposition de l’art contemporain
Authors: Lemieux Ariane
Published: February 2019

La présence d’œuvres contemporaines dans le parcours des collections permanentes des musées d’art ancien est devenue commune aux visiteurs. Certains parlent même d’un phénomène muséologique révélateur de l’intérêt généralisé pour l’art contemporain. Mais elle révèle davantage la nouvelle réalité des musées, celle de la fin du permanent au profit de l’événement, de l’affirmation des programmations culturelles et de la place du public.
Les peintures murales du château de Streversdorp à Montzen
Authors: Vetro José
Published: February 2019

En juin 2012, les décors muraux du château de Streversdorp ont fait l’objet d’une analyse XRF à l’aide d’un spectromètre mobile de fluorescence X provenant du Centre européen d’Archéométrie de Liège. Cet instrument permet de connaître les matériaux mis en œuvre dans ces décors médiévaux. L’intérêt de cette recherche et des autres observations qui en résultent consiste à mettre au point une méthodologie adéquate pour un futur projet de restauration.
Reconnaissance de la profession de Conservateur-Restaurateur : l’expérience belge
Authors: Gompen Michaël Van
Published: February 2019

Depuis sa création en 1991, l’association belge des Conservateurs-Restaurateurs (APROA-BRK) n’a cessé d’essayer d’obtenir une meilleure reconnaissance légale pour notre profession.  La complexité de la procédure pour obtenir une réglementation de l’exercice professionnel nous poussa à opter pour une autre voie lorsqu’une nouvelle loi pris effet en 2006.  La nouvelle possibilité de réglementer seulement le port du titre professionnel semblait une solution facile et intéressante d’arriver à une forme de reconnaissance satisfaisante, mais finalement le parcours est loin d’être facile.
The Introduction of Open and Free Academic Courses in Conservation of Cultural Heritage in Greece
Authors: Karatzani Anna , Tagoulis Alexandros , Argyropoulos Vasilike , Alexopoulou Athina , Boyatzis Stamatis , Chatzidaki Maria
Published: February 2019

The 4-year Bachelor Degree in Conservation-Restoration at the Technological Educational Institute (TEI) of Athens has the difficult task of preparing its students to become professional Conservator-Restorers with knowledge and skills in six specializations of either archaeological (objects) conservation or in conservation works of art. Thus, the academic staff of the Department has the challenge to prepare its students to be qualified in practice and knowledge of many specializations of conservation of Cultural Heritage (CH) within its 4 year program. To meet this demand, many members of the academic staff are participating in a project co-financed by Greece and the European Union (European Social Fund) called ‘Open Academic Courses’ (2013-2015). The goal is to prepare their course material in Greek as freely accessible digital educational content in the form of thirteen PowerPoint lectures with or without video lectures per course offered via the open source eLearning platform ‘Open eClass’ hosted by the TEI of Athens. The paper describes how the courses were prepared, the challenges involved in its preparation, as well as the benefits to the students.
Balancing knowledge and practice through repetition and reflection
Authors: Seymour Kate
Published: February 2019

The professional capacities of a conservator-restorer are extensive and complex. In essence, the occupation combines both practical hands-on skills with a thorough theoretical understanding of materials and techniques used to create and conserve artworks. This paper will address a pedagogical approach that allows conservation students to develop the necessary hand-skills while also gaining the required theoretical knowledge. Key aspects are repetition and reflection.
Study of the mechanical properties of mortars based on organic binders used in the reproduction of outdoor artworks
Authors: Cerezo Alba , Mas-Barber Xavier , Kröner Stéphane
Published: February 2019

This work focuses on the characterization of organic resin bound mortars, used in reproductions of sculptural and ornamental stone exposed outdoors. The specimens were prepared from two commonly used organic binders in the scope of Culture Heritage Conservation/ Restoration, natural aggregates of crushed Tosca Rocafort limestone and three different additives. All the mortar specimens prepared were subjected to accelerated aging tests with UV irradiation, and then subjected to a 2kn tensile tester Deben microtest and SEM, in order to quantify the resistance and cracking stress.
Using Blogs to Teach and Promote Conservation
Authors: Sunara Sagita Mirjam
Published: February 2019

The number of weblogs related to conservation has increased rapidly over the past few years, and are a popular tool for dissemination of conservation-related information, and raising public interest in the preservation of cultural heritage. Some student blogs are integrated into university courses on conservation, and this paper presents three such examples, illustrating how blogs can be used as a teaching and learning support tool.
Preservation of Digital Art & Cultural Heritage. A graduate program at Bern University of the Arts
Authors: Lurk Tabea
Published: February 2019

L'article présente le programme d'études post universitaire Master en Sciences appliquées BFH de préservation d'Art numérique & de patrimoine culturel (MAS PDACH) qui a commencé en 2013 à l'Université des Arts de Berne. Il explique comment la structure d'une qualification fiable est construite en combinant, de façon stratégique, différents domaines de connaissances tels que la conservation et la restauration, les sciences de l'information et la technologie des médias.
An approach to cleaning methods and materials for painted alabaster
Authors: Diogo Raquel , Aguado-Guardiola Elena , Costa Fernando , Coroado João
Published: February 2019

This research is aimed to obtain a deeper understanding of the chemical properties of painted alabaster sculptures as well as some of their ageing mechanisms in order to design cleaning protocols which take into account the particular changing nature of these dynamic and complex systems.Materials and some chemical properties (pH, conductivity and water solubility) of the case studyhave been characterised. Glass slides as well as mock-ups were elaborated and aged on alabaster, wood, and linen, with similar film forming materials as those that have been found in the case study.
Teaching conservation-restoration in an art school: sharing experiences
Authors: Breuil Marie-Hélène , Verbeeck Muriel
Published: February 2019

Teaching conservation-restoration in an art school can be considered a blessing as well as a challenge: What is the position of a conservator-restorator in this environment? What are the relationships between art conservation and creation, creation and technique? What legitimises research in conservation-restoration, scientific or applied, in this context? This paper, based on our teaching experiences in France and in Belgium reveals a field of expertise and the necessity of understanding the processes of art creation holistically.
Understanding structural conservation through materials science: strategies and didactics
Authors: Fuster-López Laura , Andersen Cecil Krarup
Published: February 2019

Mechanical properties and the structure of materials are key elements in understanding how structural interventions in conservation treatments affect cultural heritage objects. In this context, engineering mechanics can help determine the strength and stability found in art objects as it can provide both explanation and prediction of failure in materials. It has therefore shown to be an effective method for developing useful solutions to conservation problems. Since materials science and mechanics can help conservators predict the long term consequences of their treatments and provide them with tools to avoid future problems, it should be present in all conservation-restoration training programs to help promote students’ understanding of the degradation mechanisms in cultural materials (and their correlation with chemical and biological degradation) as well as the implications behind conservation treatments.
Uruguayan Mural Painting heritage: Patrimonial activation, scientific catalogation and its socio historic repercussion
Authors: Guirado María Jesús , Hermida Andrea Lage , Campos Virginia Santamarina , Marco Dolores Julia Yusa , Pons Mercedes Sánchez
Published: February 2019

This poster shows part of the results of the investigation for the project “Planning and establishing an inclusive cultural policy: Uruguayan Contemporary mural Art as a tool for sustainable heritage”. Four mural paintings by artists Eloy Boschi, Miguel Ángel Zelayeta, Demetrio Uruchúa y Esteban Garino were analyzed by means of Light Microscopy (LM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to obtain more information about the technical and historic influences of these particular works of art.
Investigation of the deterioration degree of parchment marked with iron gall inks
Authors: Velivasaki Georgia
Published: February 2019

The study aims at determining the damage extend of parchment in the presence of iron-gall inks under artificial ageing conditions. Samples of parchment from goat skin were marked with two different iron-gall inks prepared according to simple traditional recipes, both containing iron sulfate and Gallic acid, while one of them additionally contained gum. The samples were then subjected to artificial ageing at 80oC in the presence of humidity (RH=80%). For a reliable evaluation of results, reference samples of neighboring parchment areas (no ink, identical ageing conditions) were analyzed in parallel with SEM-EDAX, FTIR and MHT thermal analysis.
L’exemple de la restauration des luminaires de la synagogue de la Victoire
Authors: Imbert Nicolas , Verdure Marc
Published: February 2019

La restauration des luminaires de la Grande synagogue de Paris (IXe) concerne des objets métalliques techniquement complexes qui cumulent des problématiques de surface, de remise en usage et d’accessibilité : si le débat autour du parti de restauration est usuel, en revanche la mise en service requiert l’intervention de nombreux intervenants. Ces questions obligent la maîtrise d’œuvre et les restaurateurs à nouer une relation constante et franche qui concernent autant la déontologie que les questions de sécurité, d’accessibilité ou de liturgie.
To retouch or not to retouch? – Reflections on the aesthetic completion of wall paintings
Authors: Brajer Isabelle
Published: February 2019

Decision-making regarding the aesthetic treatment of wall paintings can be a difficult and complex process due to the multifaceted issues that influence the choices. In addition, local views and national value assignations make it difficult to apply general guidelines for retouching. This paper describes general theoretical concerns presented on the backdrop of specific examples, illustrating a wide range of aesthetic solutions for wall paintings.
The ongoing conservation of the Ghent Altarpiece 2012-2015
Authors: Grevenstein Anne Van
Published: February 2019

Le polyptyque de l’Agneau Mystique a survécu une histoire violente et divers traitements dans le passé ont laissé leurs traces. L’approche interdisciplinaire du traitement de 1950-51 est encore aujourd’hui exemplaire pour le traitement entamé en 2012 par l’équipe de l’IRPA. Roger Marijnissen a participé à la recherche, et a suivi de près les deux traitements.
L’Éloge du doute en Restauration des œuvres d’art
Authors: Langle Ségolène Bergeon
Published: February 2019

Le doute est une vertu en conservation-restauration. L'auteur,  au travers d'exemples empruntés à la pratique, démontre ses liens avec le principe de réversibilité, l'évolution, le progrès des techniques ainsi que la recherche.
“Who is Afraid of Cesare Brandi?” Personal reflections on the Teoria del restauro
Authors: Viñas Salvador Muñoz
Published: February 2019

Pendant des années, la Teoria del Restauro de Cesare Brandi a exercé la plus grande influence sur la théorie de la conservation-restauration dans le sud de l'Europe comme en Amérique Latine. Cependant, certains défauts apparaissent directement aux lecteurs. En premier lieu, le texte est extrêmement obscur; et secondement, il comporte des assertions contradictoires. Ceci rend le statut cultuel qu'il a atteint, extrêmement fascinant. Une explication pourrait être que l'ouvrage est vu comme un fétiche, un texte quasi biblique, et comme tel, sa capacité à inspirer est devenue plus importante que sa justesse.
Please: Don’t spruce up built heritage but preserve it as an authentic historic document!
Authors: Schädler-Saub Ursula
Published: February 2019

Ce chapitre récent de l'histoire de la conservation-restauration peut illustrer le progrès de la conservation du patrimoine bâti en Allemagne durant les années 70. Celui-ci se caractérise par un changement de paradigme, une amélioration qualitative en termes de théorie et de méthodologie, en raison d'une meilleure situation légale et de l'extension du concept de monument historique, en ce compris compris des exemples aussi modestes que des habitations domestiques et des fermes.
Témoignage d’une restauratrice de peintures
Authors: Sorano-Stedman Véronique
Published: February 2019

Depuis toujours, la restauration en France cherche son identité et sa fonction dans les institutions. Quelle est donc la place du restaurateur ?  Son profil ? Ses compétences ? Ses enjeux ? Son rôle dans la conservation du Patrimoine et l’avenir professionnel qui se dessine? La sensibilité artistique et l’intérêt pour la matière relient les restaurateurs aux peintres du passé, qui furent d’ailleurs les premiers à restaurer leurs maîtres. Une compétence artistique, qui serait dénuée de toute velléité d’expression résume cependant le restaurateur idéal d’aujourd’hui. De l’apprentissage aux formations scientifiques, des ateliers aux instituts, il aura toujours été essentiel de mettre en pratique la théorie, pour rendre celle-ci efficace en évitant les malentendus.
The spectator as a spiritual conservator of artistic heritage. Roger Marijnissen on museum education
Authors: Elias Willem
Published: February 2019

Throughout his life Marijnissen  has often advocated the significance art education as an important aspect of a museum’s mission. He even provided some valid suggestions as to how the public can be enticed to engage more closely with a museum. In this article we get an insight into Marijnissen’s views on museum education and his answers to the question:  how to safeguard the museum collection in the minds of humanity?
Research as an integral part of conservation- restoration education
Authors: Larsen René , Andersen Cecil Krarup
Published: February 2019

In the present paper we focus on the necessity of conservators-restorers to be equipped with scientific research tools such as observation skills from the beginning and throughout their education. We exemplify the necessity of this with two cases from the applied conservation-restoration practice in parchment and wax-resin lining of paintings, respectively, and show that research tools constitute an essential precondition not only for practicing scientific research but also for the performance of a number of other activities in the professional life of a conservator-restorer.
Teaching undergraduates research skills by doing and reflecting
Authors: Meulen Douwtje van der
Published: February 2019

Cet article explore les facteurs de succès dans un cours de management des collections, ainsi que le rôle des exercices de groupe pour développer des compétences en terme de méthodologie de la recherche scientifique pour des étudiants non diplômés. Il cherche des pistes dans l’exploration des théories constructivistes.
Education and Research in New Materials: Looking at the market, working with manufacturers
Authors: Fernandez-Villa Silvia G. , Andrés Margarita San , Chércoles Ruth , García Isabel M.
Published: February 2019

La recherche est un élément fondamental dans le développement et l’amélioration de l’enseignement, tout particulièrement dans le domaine de la conservation et de la restauration. Cet article détaille un exemple concret sur les liens, les bénéfices et les synergies entre la recherche et l’éducation dans le cadre de l’étude des matériaux polymériques utilisés pour la conservation et la restauration de patrimoine.