bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Value added: West Virginia University’s approach to innovative experiential learning
Authors: Boyd Naomi E. , Zaynutdinova Gulnara R. , Burdette Michael , Burks Nathan
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to expand the domain of experiential learning by sharing the experiences of establishing and developing student managed investment fund (SMIF) at West Virginia University (WVU).

Design/methodology/approach

This paper discusses the structure and performance of the SMIF at WVU within the context of experiential learning literature in financial education.

Findings

The adopted structure and coordination of SMIF appears to be effective in bridging the gap between classroom and the professional world, while significantly enhancing student experiential learning opportunities, engagement and professional preparedness.

Originality/value

The paper presents experience of launching and operating a SMIF at WVU, which has recently joined the ranks of R1 research universities. While the importance of research productivity has been on the rise, the significance of strengthening student experiences has also been growing and maintaining the balanced approach can be challenging. Enrollment in WVUs undergraduate finance program grew 33 percent over the past three years. With growing enrollment and competitiveness of finance degree programs, experiential learning opportunities like WVU’s SMIF are an essential for an evolving curriculum.
Interaction of the underdog with equality and scarcity
Authors: Han Bangwool , Kim Minho
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the moderating roles of equality and scarcity on the impact of underdog brand positioning on consumer purchase intentions. Beyond testing the relationship between underdog brand positioning and purchase intentions (Study 1), the study examines how the equality perception affects consumer choices on underdog brands (Study 2) and how the reasons for product scarcity influence purchase intentions of consumers with prosocial orientations (Study 3).

Design/methodology/approach

A research model is developed, depicting the impact of underdog brand positioning on purchase intentions via social value orientations and scarcity types. The conceptual model is validated using moderation process modeling and data for which are collected through sets of structured questionnaires analyzed through PROCESS modeling in SPSS.

Findings

The findings support that compared with top dog brand positioning, underdog brand positioning has a greater impact on consumers’ purchase intentions, and consumers with prosocial orientations generate greater purchase intentions than consumers with proself orientations. In addition, the demand-caused product scarcity also moderates the relationship between underdog brand biography and purchase intentions.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the ongoing research on brand positioning by examining the associations between equality perception and purchase intentions in the context of underdog brand biography. The study also shows the value of demand-caused scarcity as a moderator of the underdog brand–purchase intention linkage.
Abusive supervision and moral courage: does moral efficacy matter?
Authors: Mostafa Ahmed Mohammed Sayed
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of both supervisory abuse and moral efficacy in the weakening or strengthening of moral courage. The study also tests how the interaction between both could influence moral courage.

Design/methodology/approach

Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of public hospital nurses in Egypt and structural equation modeling was used to analyse the data.

Findings

The study findings revealed that abusive supervision is negatively related to moral courage whereas moral efficacy is positively related to courage. Furthermore, moral efficacy moderates the abusive supervision-moral courage relationship in such a way that the negative association between abusive supervision and moral courage is reduced when moral efficacy is high.

Research limitations/implications

Because of the cross-sectional design of the study, inferences regarding causality cannot be made. Furthermore, more research is needed to identify whether the results of this study apply in other contexts.

Practical implications

Organizations should identify abusive supervisors and offer them abuse-prevention training to circumvent their hostile behaviour. Organizations should also try to consider follower moral efficacy when matching supervisors with followers.

Originality/value

The study addresses calls for research on the personal factors that could mitigate the undesirable effects of abusive supervision.
Construction of infrastructure index for Indonesia
Authors: Sahminan Sahminan , Hermansyah Oki , Rakhman Robbi Nur
Published: August 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to construct indices on Indonesia’s economic infrastructure. The components of infrastructure include transportation, communications and electricity. In constructing the indices, the authors use the longest available data covering the period 1970-2015. The indices of each component of infrastructure are aggregated linearly with the weights calculated using principal component analysis (PCA). The infrastructure index for Indonesia has had a positive increasing trend since 1970, particularly supported by the increase in the infrastructure indices of electricity and telecommunication. Meanwhile, the infrastructure index of transportation has been relatively stable. The infrastructure index constructed shows positive relation with Indonesia’s GDP growth and GDP per capita.

Design/methodology/approach

In constructing the indices, the authors use the longest available data covering the period 1970-2015. The indices of each components of infrastructure are aggregated linearly with the weights calculated using PCA.

Findings

The infrastructure index for Indonesia has a positive increasing trend since 1970, particularly supported by the increase in the infrastructure indices of electricity and telecommunication. Meanwhile, the infrastructure index of transportation has been relatively stable. The infrastructure index constructed shows positive relation with Indonesia’s GDP growth and GDP per capita.

Originality/value

The novelty of this research is a construction of the infrastructure index for Indonesia. The infrastructure index is important to benchmark the level of infrastructure development and to understand its connection to economic growth. It is also an important barometer used by policymakers for infrastructure investment and planning purposes.
Distribution analysis of infantile hemangioma or capillary malformation on the head and face in Japanese patients
Authors: Kawaguchi Ami , Kunimoto Kayo , Inaba Yutaka , Mikita Naoya , Kaminaka Chikako , Kanazawa Nobuo , Yamamoto Yuki , Kakimoto Nobuyuki , Suenaga Tomohiro , Takeuchi Takashi , Suzuki Hiroyuki , Baba Naoko , Jinnin Masatoshi
Published: August 2019

Infantile hemangioma is one of the most common tumors in infancy. Delivery may be a clue for the trigger of infantile hemangioma formation in the head and face areas. In this study, we tried to plot localization of infantile hemangioma as well as capillary malformation on the head and face, and compared them to identify their characteristics and risk factors. The distribution of 104 lesions in 100 patients with infantile hemangioma was as follows: 32 lesions on the head, 12 on the forehead, 57 on the cheek and three in the jaw area. We could not find a statistically significant correlation of the distribution with three clinical subtypes (superficial, deep and mixed), sex or size of the lesions. However, the lesions in the jaw or chin areas were significantly less frequent than other areas (P = 0.0008 or 0.03, respectively). This tendency was not found in 40 patients with capillary malformation. Mechanical stress to jaw or chin areas may be less than other areas in normal cephalic delivery. Considering the emergence after birth and age‐dependent involution of infantile hemangioma, we speculate that physiological events including perinatal hypoxia or mechanical stress during delivery as the trigger of hemangioma formation. Taken together, our results may reveal the contribution of mechanical stress to the trigger of infantile hemangioma, not capillary malformation, and may facilitate clinical differentiation between the two diseases by their localization. Further studies with an increased number of patients will be necessary to validate the finding.
Wintering home range and habitat use of the whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) in Sanmenxia Wetland, China
Authors: Jia Ru , Li Shu‐Hong , Meng Wei‐Yue , Gao Ru‐Yi , Ru Wen‐Dong , Li Yun‐Feng , Ji Zhi‐Hong , Zhang Guo‐Gang , Liu Dong‐Ping , Lu Jun
Published: August 2019

Abstracts

Home range and habitat use are the central components of avian ecology, and studies on these aspects will be helpful for the conservation and management of avian populations. Sixty‐seven swans were global positioning system tagged at Sanmenxia Wetland of Henan Province to obtain detailed location data in winter from 2015 to 2016. The home range size of swans was the largest in the middle wintering period and followed by the early period and late period, and sizes were significantly different among the three wintering periods. There were significant differences in habitat use among the different wintering periods. In the early period, the swans mainly used the aquatic grasses and emergent plants zones, and they mainly relied on artificial supplementation because of a lack of natural feeding habitats in the middle period. In the late period, the swans mainly used the newly emerged terrestrial grasses zone. Except for the deep water, the use of other water levels was significantly different among the different wintering periods. In the early wintering period, the swans tended to prefer the low and high water level areas; in the middle period, they were mainly in the intermediate and high water level areas and they used all the water level areas except the deep water level in the late wintering period. It was concluded that some plants are preferred by the swans, such as reeds, cattails and barnyard grass, and that water depth should be suitable for the swans, with the water levels varying over a gradient.
Discreet Proto‐Pentecostals: The Catholic Apostolic Church in North America
Authors: Elliott Peter
Published: August 2019

Much recent work has been undertaken on the beginnings of Pentecostalism in North America, and its antecedents in the nineteenth century. These efforts have outlined the theological contributions of the Holiness movement, revivalism, and nineteenth‐century healing movements. One group that has been largely overlooked is the Edward Irving influenced Catholic Apostolic Church, which has been seen as making a minimal contribution as a precursor to Pentecostalism in general; it has especially been seen as peripheral in the Americas. This article will use contemporary newspapers and recently digitised primary sources to argue that the Catholic Apostolic Church was a significant force in the pre‐history of American and Canadian Pentecostalism, with hundreds of followers in key cities, regularly exhibiting prophecy and glossolalia throughout the second half of the nineteenth century.
Levola Hengelo BV v Smilde Foods BV: The Hard Work of Defining a Copyright Work
Authors: McCutcheon Jani
Published: August 2019

The Court of Justice of the European Union's judgement in Levola Hengelo BV v Smilde Foods BV ruled that the taste of food cannot be protected as a copyright work under EU copyright law. This note describes the issues in the primary dispute concerning the claim of copyright in the taste of cheese, the reasoning of Advocate General M. Wathelet who advised the CJEU, and the reasoning of the CJEU in its broad concurrence with the AG. It then critiques the CJEU's judgement, which is surprisingly brief, considering the gravity of the question, which probes the boundaries of the copyright work under EU law. The note explains the many opportunities that were overlooked by the court in its brief judgement, attempts to unravel some of the more ambiguous aspects of the judgement, and assesses the merit and utility of the court's primary pronouncement that a copyright work must be objectively identifiable.
The Nomad, The Squatter and the State: Roma Racialization and Spatial Politics in Italy
Authors: Maestri Gaja
Published: August 2019

What happens when Roma people move from the space of an informal settlement to that of a squat of a housing rights movement? In this article, which is based on the analysis of housing squats involving Roma people in the Italian capital city of Rome, I argue that this move is more than a housing solution: it is a new form of contentious and aesthetic politics. In Rome approximately 7,000 Roma face extreme housing deprivation and segregation, in both official and makeshift camps. While different associations have for many years advocated Roma housing inclusion through a minority and human‐rights framework, in the aftermath of the 2007/2008 economic crisis an increasing number of Roma have moved to squats set up by social movement activists. The aim of the article is threefold. First, it illustrates the collective action repertoire of Roma‐squatting. Secondly, it considers its aesthetic politics, which through spatial dislocation unsettles the racializing discourse endorsed by policymakers that underpins the segregation of the Roma. Finally, this article unpacks the process of politicization of Roma‐squatting and discusses the urban frames and material resources that consolidate this transformation through a comparison of four housing squats that Roma people joined.
Primo Levi’s bearing witness and the reinterpreted past: post‐truth and the authoritarian other
Authors: Willemsen Hessel
Published: August 2019

The stark realism of Primo Levi’s experiences of the Shoah is considered in light of the current political climate in which the authoritarian other induces a divergence between reality, a state of things as they actually exist or existed, and truth, that which to some extent accords to reality. In this paper I will consider how truth becomes divorced from reality by considering Giegerich’s interpretation of Plato’s Parable of the Cave, arguing that truth is affected by perception and belief. After addressing ‘truth’ in justice, analytic work and the family, the post‐truth phenomenon is discussed and defined as a force erosive to reason and sensibility; its general purpose is to avoid doubt and anxiety. The past is interpreted and re‐interpreted to advance multiple geopolitical interests. Levi warned, in 1976, that the authoritarian state considers it quite permissible to alter the perception of what is true.
Psychotherapy research: an interplay between inner and outer and a succession of meanings
Authors: Gudaitė Gražina
Published: August 2019

Psychotherapy research is a rapidly developing area of study that aims to explore the integration of inner and outer conditions of an individual’s experience, the interplay between subjective and objective, as well as between individual and collective. Questions regarding a more integrative view and qualitative research in psychotherapy are discussed in the paper. The author introduces some ideas from the studies on psychotherapy effectiveness that were done at Vilnius University by a group of researchers who work in the ‘Centre for research on the psychodynamics of personality’. Clinical psychologists who hold a doctorate degree or who are in doctoral studies in the Department of Psychology at Vilnius University are members of this research group. The subjective understanding about healing episodes and the development of depth premises were the main tasks of these studies. Among other methods, the researchers used the drawing a picture of a healing moment and telling a psychotherapy story recalled by the client to collect data. Two examples of drawing a picture of a healing moment and one example of telling a therapy story are analyzed in the paper. The themes of subjective experience of renewal in psychotherapy as well as the multiplicity of experience and results in psychotherapy are discussed in the paper with case illustrations. This study showed that drawing a picture opens one more dimension of reflection and that it can be an appropriate tool for developing individual narratives as well. Authoring and re‐authoring one’s life narrative is accepted as part of a productive therapy as well as discovering one’s inner authorship. The ability to follow a succession of meanings, as well as a connection to nature and culture could be one of the ways of actualizing an integrative view in psychotherapy research.
Family Ismaridae Thomson (Hymenoptera, Diaprioidea), new to fauna of Iran
Authors: Rahmani Zahra , Kim Chang‐Jun , Ghafouri Moghaddam Mostafa , Rakhshani Ehsan
Published: August 2019

Occurrence of the family Ismaridae Thomson is recorded for the first time from Iran, represented by a single species, Ismarus rugulosus Förster, 1850. A series of diagnostic characters and morphometric ratios for this species is presented, as well as a distribution map throughout the Holarctic region.
Reduction in mortality risk with opioid agonist therapy: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Bahji A. , Cheng B. , Gray S. , Stuart H.
Published: August 2019

Introduction

Opioid agonist therapies are effective medications that can greatly improve the quality of life of individuals with opioid use disorder. However, there is significant uncertainty about the risks of cause‐specific mortality in and out of treatment.

Objective

This systematic review and meta‐analysis explored the association between methadone and buprenorphine with cause‐specific mortality among opioid‐dependent persons.

Methods

We searched six online databases to identify relevant cohort studies, calculating all‐cause and overdose‐specific mortality rates during periods in and out of treatment. We pooled mortality estimates using multivariate random effects meta‐analysis of the crude mortality rate per 1000 person‐years of follow‐up as well as relative risks comparing mortality in vs. out of treatment.

Results

A total of 32 cohort studies (representing 150 235 participants, 805 423.6 person‐years, and 9112 deaths) met eligibility criteria. Crude mortality rates were substantially higher among methadone cohorts than buprenorphine cohorts. Relative risk reduction was substantially higher with methadone relative to buprenorphine when time in‐treatment was compared to time out‐of‐treatment. Furthermore, the greatest mortality reduction was conferred during the first 4 weeks of treatment. Mortality estimates were substantially heterogeneous and varied significantly by country, region, and by the nature of the treatment provider.

Conclusion

Precautions are necessary for the safer implementation of opioid agonist therapy, including baseline assessments of opioid tolerance, ongoing monitoring during the induction period, education of patients about the risk of overdose, and coordination within healthcare services.
A systematic review and computational modelling analysis of unilateral montages in electroconvulsive therapy
Authors: Martin D. , Lin F. , Bai S. , Moffa A. , Taylor R. , Nikolin S. , Bull M. , Dokos S. , Loo C. K.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To examine the clinical outcomes of ECT unilateral placements compared in prior studies and apply insights from computational modelling to understand differences between placements.

Methods

PubMed, Embase, Scopus and PsycINFO and reference lists were systematically searched for studies of depressed patients where two unilateral placements were compared and clinical outcomes were reported. Computational modelling was done to generate electric field maps for each unilateral placement identified in the systematic review.

Results

A total of 29 studies met criteria for inclusion. Eight studies reported efficacy outcomes and 23 studies reported cognitive outcomes. Most studies found no significant difference in efficacy between right unilateral (RUL) and left unilateral (LUL) ECT, and no difference was found between temporo‐parietal and fronto‐temporal ECT. For the majority of studies, RUL placements had better verbal anterograde memory outcomes compared with the LUL placements. There was some evidence suggestive of cognitive advantages for fronto‐frontal and fronto‐parietal placements relative to temporo‐parietal ECT.

Conclusions

For efficacy, studies mainly focused on the comparison of right vs. left hemispheric stimulation, with the available evidence suggesting no substantive difference. RUL placements tended to have better verbal anterograde memory outcomes relative to LUL placements, though limited differences were found between the RUL placements.
Lower digit ratio (2D:4D) in alcohol dependence: Confirmation and exploratory analysis in a population‐based study of young men
Authors: Lenz Bernd , Mühle Christiane ,   Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors, Kornhuber Johannes
Published: August 2019

Moderately sized, case‐control studies have related alcohol dependence in middle‐aged in‐patients to lower second‐to‐fourth finger length ratio (2D:4D), a proxy for prenatal hyperandrogenization. As primary aim, we here intended to confirm that lower 2D:4D is also associated with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)–IV/‐5 alcohol dependence and alcohol use disorder in a large population‐based cohort of young males. Exploratory aims included underlying mechanisms. We analyzed self‐reported data on 2D:4D, DSM‐IV/‐5 criteria, anticipated subjective responses to alcohol, and willingness to purchase alcoholic drinks from 4989 Swiss men of the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C‐SURF). The mean of right‐hand 2D:4D and left‐hand 2D:4D was lower in men with DSM‐IV alcohol dependence than in those without (0.975 vs 0.981, P = .035) and lower in men with moderate to severe (0.974) than in those with mild (0.982, P = .001) or no (0.981, P = .003) DSM‐5 alcohol use disorder. Moreover, mean 2D:4D was lower in those reporting recent use of health services due to substance use problems (0.968 vs 0.981, P = .046). Lower mean 2D:4D correlated with a stronger anticipation to feel high following alcohol consumption (total cohort: ρ = −0.033, P = .026) and with a willingness to purchase more higher‐priced alcoholic drinks (DSM‐IV alcohol dependence subgroup: ρmin = −0.162, P = .002). This is the first population‐based study on young males to demonstrate lower 2D:4D in DSM‐IV alcohol dependence, DSM‐5 alcohol use disorder, and the related use of health care services. We also provide novel insight into cognitive‐behavioral mechanisms. These results should help to establish more effective preventive and therapeutic strategies targeting 2D:4D and prenatal androgen exposure.
The Effects of Coachee Personality and Goal Orientation on Performance Improvement Following Coaching: A Controlled Field Experiment
Authors: Jones Rebecca J. , Woods Stephen A. , Zhou Ying
Published: August 2019

This study presents a field experiment to test the question: What are the individual characteristics that influence whether coaching is beneficial for people’s performance? We focus our attention on the Big Five personality traits, core self‐evaluations, and goal orientation. Using a control group for comparison, coaching was provided to a sample of working adults (N = 84) and both self‐ratings and supervisor‐ratings of performance (N = 74) were measured over three time points. Our analysis indicates that individuals high in Openness, who avoid goal orientation and are low in core self‐evaluations benefit the most from coaching. We contribute to the literatures on coaching effectiveness and the wider learning and development literatures by providing an empirically robust examination of the interaction between individual differences and coaching and the subsequent impact on performance. Furthermore, our findings suggest that coaching may be an effective development technique for individuals who tend to perform less well in other forms of instructional learning due to their individual characteristics.
The impact of a medication reconciliation programme at geriatric hospital admission: A pre‐/postintervention study
Authors: Hung Pi‐Lien , Chen Jung‐Yi , Chen Miao‐Ting , Li Pao‐Lin , Li Wei‐Chi , Wang Zi‐Cheng , Huang Tzu‐Ting , Liang Yen‐Tzu , Lin Pei‐Chin
Published: August 2019

Aims

The aim of this study was to improve medication reconciliation and reduce the occurrence of duplicate prescriptions by pharmacists and physicians within 72 hours of hospital admission using an intelligent prescription system combined with the National Health Insurance PharmaCloud system to integrate the database with the medical institution computerized physician order entry (CPOE) system.

Methods

This 2‐year intervention study was implemented in the geriatric ward of a hospital in Taiwan. We developed an integrated CPOE system linked with the PharmaCloud database and established an electronic platform for coordinated communication with all healthcare professionals. Patients provided written informed consent to access their PharmaCloud records. We compared the intervention effectiveness within 72 hours of admission for improvement in pharmacist medication reconciliation, increased at‐home medications documentation and decreased costs from duplicated at‐home prescriptions.

Results

The medication reconciliation rate within 72 hours of admission increased from 44.0% preintervention to 86.8% postintervention (relative risk = 1.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.69–2.31; P < .001). The monthly average of patients who brought and took home medications documented in the CPOE system during hospitalization increased by 7.54 (95% CI 5.58–20.49, P = .22). The monthly average of home medications documented increased by 102.52 (95% CI 38.44–166.60; P = .01). Savings on the monthly average prescription expenditures of at‐home medication increased by US$ 2,795.52 (95% CI US$1310.41–4280.63; P < .01).

Conclusion

Integrating medication data from PharmaCloud to the hospital's medical chart system improved pharmacist medication reconciliation, which decreased duplicated medications and reduced in‐hospital medication costs.
Analysis of a 7‐year national online audit of the management of open reconstructive urethral surgery in men
Authors: Payne Stephen R. , Fowler Sarah , Mundy Anthony R.
Published: August 2019

Objective

To conduct an audit of the management of urethral pathology in men presenting for reconstructive urethral surgery in the UK.

Methods

Between 1 June 2010 and 31 May 2017, data on men presenting with urethral pathologies requiring reconstruction were entered onto a secure online data platform. Surgeon‐entered information was collected in 95 fields regarding the stricture aetiology, prior management, mode of presentation, type of surgery and outcomes, with a potential 283 variable responses in the 95 fields. Data were analysed to compare UK practice with that reported in the contemporary literature and with guidelines.

Results

Data on 4809 men were entered by 39 centres and 50 surgeons. Field completeness was 70.7%, 74.3% and 53.7% for preoperative, operative and follow‐up data, respectively. Referral for stricture reconstruction frequently followed two prior endoscopic procedures and the stricture was not always assessed anatomically before surgery. Urinary retention was a common symptom in men awaiting reconstruction. Short unifocal strictures of the anterior urethra were the commonest reason for referral, whilst lichen sclerosus and hypospadias generated a significant volume of revisional stricture surgery. Lower numbers of very complex interventions are required for the management of posterior urethral pathology. Although precise criteria for determining success are not clear, management of urethral reconstruction in the UK was found to have a low risk of Clavien–Dindo grade 3 or higher complications, and was associated with outcomes similar to those reported in contemporary series except in the management of posterior urethral fistulae.

Conclusions

Online databases can provide volume data on the management of reconstructive urethral surgery across a multiplicity of centres in one country. They can also indicate compliance with accepted standards of, and expected outcomes from, this tertiary practice.
Identifying and managing incidents of minor theft within a service for individuals with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Tinney Grainne , Smith Martine
Published: August 2019

Accessible summary

Our service received complaints about some service users who were taking items from local shops without paying for them.

We surveyed families to see how common this problem was and what families had done to try to prevent it happening again.

One in three families who responded said a family member had taken something from home or a shop without paying for it; often this happened when changes were occurring in the home.

The service has started to work with families, service users and the local community, to ensure that service users are well supported and that people respond consistently to any minor thefts that occur.

Background

Models of service delivery for adults with an intellectual disability in Ireland increasingly focus on delivering services within local communities. Preparation for this transition often focuses on practical skills. Our service received complaints about unacceptable behaviour (i.e., shoplifting), by some service users. Although such behaviours are relatively common in the general population, we found little research on this topic related to individuals with intellectual disabilities.

Method

The Speech and Language Therapy Department surveyed families of individuals attending the service to explore the prevalence of concerns about such behaviours and any actions families had taken.

Results

Over 34% of families who responded reported at least one incident of stealing. Such behaviours occurred within the home and in the community. Families had attempted a range of strategies to eliminate the behaviour, most often invoking a negative consequence.

Conclusion

The combination of (a) changed opportunities arising from new service structures and (b) potentially reduced self‐control and/or immature self‐regulation, along with (c) inconsistent responses from the environment, forms a triad of influences that may contribute to the risk of stealing for some individuals with intellectual disability. Strategies adopted by the organisation to address this issue are outlined.
A Latent Gaussian process model for analysing intensive longitudinal data
Authors: Chen Yunxiao , Zhang Siliang
Published: August 2019

Intensive longitudinal studies are becoming progressively more prevalent across many social science areas, and especially in psychology. New technologies such as smart‐phones, fitness trackers, and the Internet of Things make it much easier than in the past to collect data for intensive longitudinal studies, providing an opportunity to look deep into the underlying characteristics of individuals under a high temporal resolution. In this paper we introduce a new modelling framework for latent curve analysis that is more suitable for the analysis of intensive longitudinal data than existing latent curve models. Specifically, through the modelling of an individual‐specific continuous‐time latent process, some unique features of intensive longitudinal data are better captured, including intensive measurements in time and unequally spaced time points of observations. Technically, the continuous‐time latent process is modelled by a Gaussian process model. This model can be regarded as a semi‐parametric extension of the classical latent curve models and falls under the framework of structural equation modelling. Procedures for parameter estimation and statistical inference are provided under an empirical Bayes framework and evaluated by simulation studies. We illustrate the use of the proposed model though the analysis of an ecological momentary assessment data set.
Antiseptic sealant and a nanocoated implant‐abutment interface improve the results of dental implantation
Authors: Zekiy Angelina O. , Makurdumyan Diana A. , Маtveeva Elena A. , Bogatov Evgenii A. , Kaliiants Tamara V.
Published: August 2019

Background

Clinical measures and implant design innovation to improve primary osseointegration and reduce the bacterial contamination of the peri‐implant area are intended to reduce the incidence of late inflammatory complications in dental implantation.

Purpose

To study the effect of nanostructured coating and antiseptic sealant on the outcomes of dental implantation.

Materials and methods

Ninety‐six individuals were clinically supervised. In the first group (Screw Ti + sealant), a special antiseptic sealant matrix was used; the same sealant was used with nanocoated implants in the second group (Nanocoat + sealant), and the conventional treatment protocol was used in the control group (Screw Ti). Patients were evaluated longitudinally during treatment and rehabilitation phases with clinical examinations, radiography, periodontal pathogen detection, and patient experience surveys.

Results

For patients who received a nanocoated implant and an antiseptic sealant (Nanocoat + sealant), relatively better hygienic indices were observed; there was less contamination with periodontal pathogens, bone density remained at the required level, and the overall results of treatment were better.

Conclusions

Using a matrix for sealing the dental implant‐abutment interface with a nanostructured surface provides reliable results regarding stable osseointegration and clinical and patient‐reported outcomes of treatment success.
Willingness to pay to protect cold water corals
Authors: Armstrong Claire W. , Aanesen Margrethe , van Rensburg Thomas M. , Sandorf Erlend Dancke
Published: August 2019

There is increasing pressure to use currently untapped resources in the deep sea, raising questions regarding ecosystem service trade‐offs in these often unknown areas. We assessed the trade‐offs between protection of cold‐water coral reefs and economic activities, such as fisheries and petroleum extraction, through a survey of a representative sample of the populations of Norway and Ireland. Choice‐experiment surveys were conducted in workshop settings and through the internet. Both survey approaches provided some similar results, such as preferences for protection. Our cross‐country comparison showed the general public in Norway and Ireland was willing, despite possible conflict with extractive and consumptive economic activities in the deep sea, to protect cold‐water corals as habitat for fish. On average, people were willing to pay NKr 341 and NKr 424 for a small and large increase in protected areas respectively, and NKr 880 if the area is important habitat for fish, all else held equal. However, there was large variation across individuals and countries. Norwegian respondents valued pure existence of cold‐water corals more than the Irish respondents, and the latter were less willing to trade off industrial activities than the former. Nonetheless, the findings support conservation of cold‐water corals and more generally of ocean environments that provide habitat for fish, which the current deep sea governance systems are not adequately designed or sufficiently well‐structured to secure.
Need for a global map of forest naturalness for a sustainable future
Authors: Chiarucci Alessandro , Piovesan Gianluca
Published: August 2019

There is a growing need to assess and monitor forest cover and its conservation status over global scales to determine human impact on ecosystems and to develop sustainability plans. Recent approaches to measure regional and global forest status and dynamics are based on remotely sensed estimates of tree cover. We argue that tree cover should not be used to assess the area of forest ecosystems because tree cover is an undefined subset of forest cover. For example, tree cover can indicate a positive trend even in the presence of deforestation, as in the case of plantations. We believe a global map of forest naturalness that accounts for the bio‐ecological integrity of forest ecosystems, for example, intact forests, old‐growth forest patches, rewilding forests (exploited forest landscapes undergoing long‐term natural succession), and managed forests is needed for global forest assessment.
Using spatially explicit, time‐dependent analysis to understand how social factors influence conservation outcomes
Authors: Niemiec Rebecca M. , Asner Greg P. , Gaertner Julie A. , Brodrick Philip G. , Vaughn Nick , Heckler Joseph , Hughes Flint , Keith Lisa , Matsumoto Tracie
Published: August 2019

Conservation across human‐dominated landscapes requires an understanding of the social and ecological factors driving outcomes. Studies that link conservation outcomes to social and ecological factors have examined temporally static patterns. However, there may be different social and ecological processes driving increases and decreases in conservation outcomes that can only be revealed through temporal analyses. Through a case study of the invasion of Falcataria moluccana in Hawaii, we examined the association of social factors with increases and decreases in invader distributions over time and space. Over 7 years, rates of invader decrease varied substantially (66–100%) relative to social factors, such as building value, whether land was privately or publically owned, and primary residence by a homeowner, whereas rates of increase varied only slightly (<0.1–3.6%) relative to such factors. These findings suggest that links between social factors and invasion in the study system may be driven more by landowners controlling existing invasive species, rather than by landowners preventing the spread of invasive species. We suggest that spatially explicit, time‐dependent analyses provide a more nuanced understanding of the way social factors influence conservation outcomes. Such an understanding can help managers develop outreach programs and policies targeted at different types of landowners in human‐dominated landscapes.
There's nowhere to go: counting the costs of extreme weather to the homeless community
Authors: Every Danielle , Richardson John , Osborn Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

People experiencing homelessness are vulnerable to extreme weather in unique ways. The entrenched inequalities that underpin disaster vulnerability are compounded by extreme isolation and the stress of transient living on mental and physical health. However, the impacts of extreme weather on the homeless in Australia are largely undocumented and rarely incorporated in emergency planning. Interviews with and surveys of emergency and homeless services and service users revealed that the primary ramifications of losing shelter and worsening mental health deepen the cycle of homelessness and trauma. Consequently, homeless shelter losses, such as tents, should be included in pre‐ and post‐event impact statistics and subsequent recovery support. Extreme weather response plans should include early triggers and strategies for ‘non‐severe’ weather events, as the homeless community is affected earlier and by a wider range of meteorological conditions. Moreover, this study also explores the benefits of a trauma‐informed response to extreme weather when working with the homeless.
Using cluster analysis to explore mortality patterns associated with tropical cyclones
Authors: Chang Kai‐Chun , Chang Chiung‐Ting
Published: August 2019

Understanding the circumstances and conditions surrounding disaster‐attributed deaths may contribute to designing and implementing emergency preparedness and response programmes. This paper introduces a three‐step cluster analysis of multiple binary variables to investigate mortality patterns related to tropical cyclones. It is designed to overcome the difficulties of performing cluster analysis in a disaster database that is composed in part of nominal variables and is unavoidably incomplete owing to missing information. The first step in the process codes all variables as binary data in order to accommodate the nominal variables. The second step calculates Spearman's rank correlation coefficients for pairs of variables. And the third step subjects the correlation coefficients to cluster analysis. Data related to 1,575 deaths attributed to tropical cyclones (also known as typhoons) that struck Taiwan between 2000 and 2015 are used to illustrate the method. The results yield two distinct groups of variables that are worthy of further exploration.
Saving whom? The ethical challenges of harvesting tissue from savior siblings
Authors: Rubeis Giovanni , Steger Florian
Published: August 2019

Purpose of the study

To discuss the ethical challenges for the therapeutic team when dealing with a young savior sibling as a potential tissue donor.

Basic procedures

Savior siblings are children that are created to serve a sibling as a donor of umbilical cord blood, bone marrow, or peripheral blood from which hematopoietic stem cells are derived. These cells are used for hematopoietic stem cell therapy, which is the only curative treatment for certain hemoglobinopathies. We used a case including a 19‐year‐old thalassemia patient and his two and a half year old sister from our practice as ethics consultants. Our methodological basis is the principlism approach by Beauchamp and Childress, consisting of four principles: autonomy, non‐maleficence, beneficence, and justice.

Main findings

We found that the main conflict arises between the autonomy of the savior sibling as well as the non‐maleficence regarding her and the beneficence of the thalassemia patient.

Principal conclusions

Decision‐making is complex when decisions within the family are concerned, especially when non‐competent young children are involved. The therapeutic team does not only have to recognize the principal vulnerability of children but also the different scales of vulnerability depending on their age.
Impact of central nervous system involvement in AML on outcomes after allotransplant and utility of pretransplant cerebrospinal fluid assessment
Authors: Prem Shruti , Atenafu Eshetu G. , Avena Jose , Bautista Rhida , Law Arjun , Lam Wilson , Michelis Fotios V. , Kim Dennis Dong Hwan , Viswabandya Auro , Lipton Jeffrey Howard , Mattsson Jonas , Kumar Rajat
Published: August 2019

Objective

The primary objective was to assess the effect of central nervous system involvement in acute myeloid leukemia (CNS‐AML) on outcomes after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo‐HCT). The secondary objective was to assess the utility of pretransplant cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) assessment in AML.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed survival outcomes in 338 adult AML patients (with and without CNS‐AML) after allo‐HCT. CNS involvement was defined as clinical, pathological, or radiological evidence of CNS involvement any time after diagnosis.

Results

The median follow‐up in surviving patients was 23.7 months. Twenty‐five patients (7.4%) had prior history of CNS disease, with normal CSF pretransplant. Three patients had CSF blasts detected for the first time at pretransplant evaluation (0.88%). The 2‐year OS and RFS in groups with and without CNS involvement were not significantly different. Patients with CNS‐AML had significantly higher 1‐year cumulative incidence of relapse (29.7% vs 16.9%, P = .048). Age more than 65 years and absence of marrow remission at transplant were significant adverse factors for survival.

Conclusion

CNS‐AML is not an independent risk factor for survival after allo‐HCT, but can be associated with higher relapse rates. Pretransplant CSF assessment has low yield in detecting new CNS disease pretransplant in AML.
Upper respiratory signs associated with Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in two horses
Authors: Deane E. L. , Fielding C. L. , Rhodes D. M. , Howard E. J.
Published: August 2019

An adult Quarter Horse gelding (Case 1) was evaluated for tachypnoea and acute dysphagia. A 20‐year‐old Quarter Horse gelding (Case 2) was evaluated for respiratory stertor and severe, acute swelling of the head in the submandibular region. A physical examination, complete blood count, blood chemistry, upper airway endoscopy, and peripheral blood Anaplasma phagocytophilum polymerase chain reaction were completed for both horses. Both horses tested positive for A. phagocytophilum. The upper airway endoscopy for Case 1 revealed a feed contaminated pharynx, absent swallowing reflex, and left laryngeal hemiplagia. The upper airway endoscopy for Case 2 revealed severe diffuse pharyngeal swelling occluding the airway. Due to increased respiratory effort in Case 2, a tracheotomy was performed. In both horses, treatment consisted of intravenous oxytetracycline 6.6 mg/kg bwt i.v. q. 24 h for 2–3 days followed by minocycline 4 mg/kg bwt per os q. 12 h for 10–14 days. Both horses made full recoveries.
Abnormalities detected at pre‐purchase examination of National Hunt racehorses presented at sale
Authors: Barrett E. , Arkins S.
Published: August 2019

Background

Few studies are available concerning prevalences of abnormalities in the Thoroughbred horse population.

Objectives

Determine the prevalence of commonly observed abnormalities in a National Hunt Thoroughbred population using results of pre‐purchase examinations conducted at Thoroughbred sales venues.

Study design

Retrospective cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Veterinary pre‐purchase examination certificates for 13,603 3‐ and 4‐year‐old Thoroughbred National Hunt horses from Tattersalls Ireland, Goffs Ireland and Doncaster Bloodstock Sales Ltd. (DBS) Sales were analysed. All conditions noted by the veterinarians were recorded to determine the prevalence of abnormalities.

Results

Abnormalities were recorded in 73.6% of horses; 12.0% had abnormalities likely to prejudice their use for racing. Metacarpal/metatarsal exostoses and tarsal‐plantar desmitis affected 17.1 and 19.4% of the sample respectively, while 9.9% were found to make abnormal respiratory noises and 5.3% had recurrent laryngeal neuropathy. Age, year of birth and sex significantly affected the prevalence of many abnormalities (P<0.001). The proportions of horses sold differed significantly between horses with and without some abnormalities, with unaffected horses significantly more likely to be sold (e.g., prejudicial findings present vs. non‐prejudicial/none, 38.1% vs. 77.6% respectively, P<0.001). A range of abnormalities significantly negatively affected the price at sale (P<0.001). Significantly higher proportions of horses in the lower price categories had multiple abnormalities (P<0.001).

Main limitations

The study consisted only of horses entered into store horse sales and presented for sale. Horses kept for racing or breeding purposes or horses withdrawn prior to the panel veterinary pre‐purchase examination were not included. The upper respiratory tract was only examined endoscopically in horses found to have an abnormal respiratory noise.

Conclusions

A large proportion of 3‐ and 4‐year‐old Thoroughbred National Hunt horses intended for sale are affected by abnormalities. The prevalence of many abnormalities increases with age and certain abnormalities are viewed negatively by purchasers, affecting sale of the horse and achieved sale price.