bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Polish-Czechoslovakian Conflict over Cieszyn Silesia, Spiš and Orava in the years 1938-1939 as Reported by the Polish Provincial Press published in Siedlce
Authors: CABAJ Jarosław
Published: November 2020

The paper touches upon the theme of how the provincial press in Poland commented on the Polish-Czechoslovakian conflict over Cieszyn Silesia, Spiš and Orava. The timespan covers a few months in 1938 and 1939 - from the time Hitler made his claims towards Czechoslovakia until the moment the state was dismantled. The author has focused on presenting the Polish-Czechoslovakian relations as reported by the press published in Siedlce, a district town located in the centre of pre-war Poland. At that time four periodicals were published there. The analysis of these publications has allowed the author to determine that the editors informed their readers about the situation of the disputed territories on a regular basis. The editors tried to make their message more attractive by posting photos or accounts by special correspondents. They built among its readers a negative image of the Czechoslovakian state, which was presented as an artificial creation where the rights of national minorities were not respected. The incorporation of these lands into Poland was presented as a symbol of historical justice. The press also played an important part in mobilising the local community to act for fellow countrymen from the lands being the object of the Polish-Czechoslovakian dispute. However, it did not recognise the growth of Slovakian independence activities, which were important for the internal affairs of Poland’s southern neighbour.
ORGANIZATIONAL AND PEDAGOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE FORMATION OF PROFESSIONAL IDENTITY OF FUTURE JOURNALISTS IN THE SYSTEM OF LIBERAL EDUCATION
Authors: Avdonina N.S.
Published: November 2020

The problem of professional identity of students in the field of "Journalism" has recently become increasingly relevant in connection with technological changes affecting the professional activity. Modern journalism is being robotized, there is a separation of human and machine labor in this profession. Changes in the industry entail a review of the educational process at the substantive and organizational levels. In this regard, the article substantiates a model of organizational and pedagogical conditions that contribute to the formation of professional identity of future journalists in the system of liberal education. We proceed from the provision on robotization of news journalism, therefore, analytical and publicistic journalism will become relevant, and for training in these areas liberal education methods are needed - in-depth reading, working with texts, free writing. The article presents and analyzes the system of organizational and pedagogical conditions for the formation of professional identity of future journalists studying in the liberal education system at NArFU named after M.V. Lomonosov.
Evaluating the Costs and Benefits of Snow Fences in Illinois: Phase 2
Authors:   Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Qi Yan , Fries Ryan ,   Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Saran Baral Shambhu ,   Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Biswas Pranesh ,   Southern Illinois University Edwardsville
Published: November 2020

Serving as a windbreak, properly sited and designed snow fences have been proven effective in mitigating the negative impacts of blowing snow. To achieve the best snow-control effects, the ideal locations for snow fences are usually outside the roadway right-of-way. Few efforts have been made to examine the economic efficiency of snow fences and explore ways to reward private landowners. The objective of this project was to develop methodologies for evaluation of the costs and benefits of snow fences in Illinois and identify ways to encourage private landowners’ participation in the snow fence program while keeping it cost-effective. The researchers conducted a literature review as well as agency and landowner surveys. They also acquired crash data, snow fence and blowing snow segment inventory data, and blowing snow removal expenditure data as well as performed benefit-cost analyses of three types of snow fences following Federal Highway Administration guides. The survey results suggested that standing corn rows (SCRs) and structural snow fences (SSFs) were the least intrusive options for landowners and living snow fences (LSFs) with trees were the most intrusive. Some concerns related to LSFs could be reduced by allowing landowners to play a role in the design and plant-selection process. The crash data indicated that no fatal and severe crashes occurred at snow fence segments, while several fatal and severe crashes occurred at blowing snow segments during 2012–2016. The results of the benefit-cost analyses showed that the benefit-cost ratios for LSFs and SSFs are comparable. However, LSFs are favorable over SSFs because little maintenance is needed after the plants are mature. Although SCRs have the highest benefit-cost ratio, the need to renew the agency-landowner agreement annually and the alternating of crops planted may limit their snow-control effectiveness and large-scale implementation. A tool was developed using MS Excel to facilitate the benefit-cost analysis of snow fences.
Susunan Redaksi Jurnal PharmaXplore ( Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi )
Authors: Daftar Isi Dewan Redaksi dan
Published: November 2020

Pelindung : Dr. H. Dedi Mulyadi, SE, MM

Pimpinan Redaksi : Sungkono, SE, MM

Sekretaris Redaksi : Irma Rahmawati, Amd. Far

Anggota Redaksi :

Siti Fatmawati Fatimah, MSc. Apt Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Citra Aryani E, M.Si., Apt Universitas Ahmad Dahlan

Tita Novianti, M.Si., Apt Stikes Bakti Tunas Husada Tasikmalaya

Risa Kata Putra, M.Si., Apt Stikes Holistik Purwakarta

Mitra Bestari :

Prof. Dr. Lukman Hakim, M.Sc., Apt Universitas Gadjah Mada

Prof. Dr. Sukrasno Institut Teknologi Bandung

Diterbitkan oleh Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian Pada Masyarakat

Universitas Buana Perjuangan Karawang

Alamat Redaksi :

Jl. HS Ronggowaluyo Telukjambe Timur Karawang 41361

Telp/Fax. 0267 8403140, email : pharmaxplore@ubpkarawang.ac.id

Website : journal.ubpkarawang.ac.id
UJI PENDAHULUAN DAN KARAKTERISASI BUAH KAWISTA (Limonia accidisima) KHAS KARAWANG
Authors: Gunarti Neni Sri
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAK

Telah dilakukan penelitian karakterisasi dan telaah fitokimia simplisia buah kawista (Limonia acidissima) khas Karawang. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa simplisia buah kawista mengandung senyawa polifenolat, alkaloid, kuinon, steroid, triterpenoid, monoterpenoid, triterpenoid dan flavonoid. Hasil penetapan standar mutu simplisia menunjukkan bahwa serbuk simplisia memiliki kadar air (5,200%), susut pengeringan (8,958%), kadar abu total (11,918%), kadar abu tidak larut asam (0,708%), kadar sari larut air (20,810%) dan kadar sari larut etanol (12,241%).

Kata Kunci : karakterisasi, penapisan fitokimia, buah kawista.
PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK DAUN JAMBU BIJI (Psidium guazava) SEBAGAI GEL FACIAL WASH ANTIJERAWAT
Authors: Gunarti Neni Sri
Published: November 2020

ABSTRAK

Daun Jambu Biji memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aereus dan Staphylococcus epidermis yang merupakan bakteri penyebab jerawat. Maka dilakukan penelitian formulasi sediaan gel facial wash dari ekstrak daun jambu biji. Formulasi menggunakan bahan aktif ekstrak etanol daun jambu biji dengan konsentrasi 2,5%, 5% dan 7,5%. Bahan tambahan yang digunakan adalah gliserin, metilparaben, propilparaben, carbopol, trietanolamin, natrium lauril sulfat dan aquadest. Hasil formulasi dilakukan uji kualitas sediaan berupa organoleptik, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, tingkat busa dan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Propionibacterium acnes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula dengan ekstrak jambu biji 2,5% memiliki kualitas sediaan dan aktivitas antijerawat paling baik. Kata Kunci : Daun Jambu Biji, Propionobacterium acnes, Gel facial wash
De-formacje
Authors: Bojarska Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

Wstęp do numeru 24 "De-formacje".
Airlock
Authors: Czeczot Katarzyna , Bojarska Katarzyna
Published: November 2020

Commentary to the works by Dorota Buczkowska.
BIOETHICAL AND LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE USE OF ANIMALS FOR SCIENTIFIC PURPOSES
Authors: Lebedeva D. A. , Shcheglov Yu. A.
Published: November 2020

This work scrutinizes modern bioethical concepts of the use of animals for scientific purposes, as well as legal aspects of its use. Initially, the authors present a brief excursion into the history of bioethics and then focus on the modern concept of ethical attitude to the animals used for scientific purposes. The authors analyze the EU Directive on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes, as well as the EAEU acts and by-laws of the EAEU member states, and conclude that it is necessary to adopt a supranational act within the EAEU that will regulate the use of animals for scientific purposes in accordance with the principles of reduction, replacement and refinement.
ON THE MEANING OF THE TERM «HORMESIS» AND ITS PLACE IN THE GENERAL THEORY OF THE DEPENDENCE OF THE BODY’S RESPONSE TO POTENTIALLY HARMFUL EFFECTS ON ITS STRENGTH
Authors: Panov V. G. , Minigalieva I. A. , Bushueva T. V. , Privalova L. I. , Klinova S. V. , Gurviсh V. B. , Sutunkova M. P. , Katsnelson B. A.
Published: November 2020

Spherical nanoparticles (NP) of cadmium and lead sulfides (dia.37 ± 5 nm and 24 ± 4 nm, respectively) turned to be cytotoxic for HL-1 cardiomyocytes as illustrated by ATP-dependent luminescence reduction. It was revealed, that CdS-NP affect in a greater degree than PbS-NP. In view of the same dose range, CdS-NP decreased the amount of calcium spikes. Small PbS-NP doses showed the same effect. Besides cell hypertrophy due to certain CdS-NP and PbS-NP impact, doses leading to cardiomyocyte decrease were revealed. In order to correspond with the following three results, both monotonic «dose-response» functions (properly approximated by the hyperbolic function) as well as different variants of non-monotonic ones were deduced by us, for which adequate mathematical expressions through modifying certain hormesis models are to be had in literature. Evidence-based analysis involving response surface linear model as well as a cross term, acknowledged a new support to the formerly inflexible rule stating that the diversity kinds of combined action, typical for the same damaging agents’ pair is of the fundamental propositions in the general theory of combined toxicity.
FEATURES OF THERAPY FOR ACUTE POISONING WITH JELLYFISH POISON (CLINICAL OBSERVATION)
Authors: Shilov V. V. , Lukin V. A. , Pivovarova L. P. , Gromov M. I.
Published: November 2020

Jellyfish, as representatives of marine fauna, contain toxic chemicals in their bodies and, if they come into contact with humans, can pose a threat to their health and safety. The article describes a clinical observation of a patient who received a chemical injury as a result of contact of the right upper limb with a venomous jellyfish (Medusa kornerot) and was hospitalized for 35 days with acute poisoning with animal toxin, chemical burns, toxic-allergic dermatitis, epidermolysis, soft tissue necrosis and compression-ischemic neuropathy. Laboratory results confirmed the presence of an inflammatory process, but without allergic and autoimmune components (leukocytosis 16,7 x 109/l, acceleration of ESR to 21 mm/h), revealed an increase in the level of transaminases upon admission: alanine aminotransferase 138.3 u/l (norm 0-31 u/l), aspartate aminotransferase 94,8 u/l (norm 0-31 u/l), gamma-glutamyltransferase 97 u/l (norm 0-32 units/l). Previous drug therapy, including the introduction of tetanus serum (once), antihistamines (chloropyramine), hormonal (prednisone), anticoagulants (heparin sodium), antispasmodics (Metamizole sodium, pitofenone hydrochloride, fenpiverinium bromide), antiplatelet agents (pentoxifylline, nicotinic acid), calcium gluconate, multivitamins in therapeutic doses, the application of bandages «gelonet», «fibrotul Argentum», was not effective enough. Complex therapy with cellular metabolism regulators, antihypoxants, cholinesterase inhibitors using hyperbaric oxygenation and membrane plasmapheresis allowed to achieve a lasting effect: to stop the pain syndrome, normalize the disturbed functions of internal organs and the affected limb, avoid surgery, and fully restore working capacity. This complex of therapeutic measures should be used in the treatment of patients with this pathology
Perfektives und Imperfektives Partizip
Authors: Brose Marc
Published: November 2020

“Perfective and Imperfective Participle”: This article deals with the basic semantic opposition of the two types of Egyptian participles, jri̯ and jrr. After an extended overview of the history of research presenting the classical approaches of K. Sethe and A. H. Gardiner, who both used established terms of models of tense and aspect, and also the advanced approaches of W. Schenkel, J. P. Allen, K. Jansen-Winkeln and E. Oreál, who introduced new concepts and terminolgy and so tried to overcome the classical approaches, it is nevertheless shown that the classification of the opposition as “perfective–imperfective”, with modernized definitions in contrast to Gardiner’s, suffices to explain the entire functional range of the two types and that the advanced approaches are not necessary.
Une scène de débardage engageante? Une interprétation du poème d’amour pChester Beatty I, recto 17,4–17,6
Authors: Lurson Benoît
Published: November 2020

“An attractive unloading scene? An interpretation of the love song pChester Beatty I, recto 17,4–17,6”: Among the texts preserved on Papyrus Chester Beatty I is a group of seven love songs. This paper proposes a new interpretation of the fifth of them (recto 17,4–17,6). First, its lexicographical and syntactic difficulties are examined, and a translation is given. Then, its interpretations to date, which focus on its ritual context and its supposed obscenity, are discussed. Lastly, it is argued that the backdrop of this love song is the unloading of beer-jars by the “brother”, and that the poem is essentially erotic, as this physical action of him allows the “sister” to gaze at his muscular torso with awe and desire.
A propos de quelques tournures interrogatives et constructions associées dans les légendes discursives (‘Reden und Rufe’) des tombes privées
Authors: Motte Aurore
Published: November 2020

"(Pseudo)-Interrogative Sentences and Associated Phrases in Speech Captions in Private Tombs": In this paper, I discuss the (pseudo)-interrogative phrases, both those that are introduced by an interrogative word as well as those that are not. My aim is to provide a synchronic and diachronic study of such sentences and to illustrate a few of their uses in the Reden und Rufe corpus. After a short introduction (section 1), the predicate questions jn and jn-jw are considered in section 2 and adjunct questions built with the interrogative pronouns jšs.t, zy, m and the interrogative adverb ṯn(y) in section 3. Section 3 will further discuss a couple of affirmative and exclamative sentences, which have to be linked with the rhetorical question jšs.t pw A. The fourth and last section before conclusions is devoted to three cases studies relevant for this investigation, i.e. the proclitic particle js, which allows the speaker to distance himself from his words through an ironic statement (4.1), interrogative phrases without interrogative words (4.2), and the particle ḫy hitherto known from letters only (4.3). As a result 50 examples from Old Kingdom mastabas to Late Period tombs have been considered. Even if real (or ordinary) questions (OQs) arose in a few cases, there is a clear majority of rhetorical questions (RQs), which are uninformative and assertive. Both OQs and RQs can be expressed by means of the same syntactic structure, be it predicate questions, adjuncts questions, or interrogative phrases without interrogative words. Some are however preferred for RQs, and vice versa. The RQs as adjunct questions, which are predominant in this text corpus, invoke a predetermined answer from the addressee, being either jnk pw or jnk + nominalized participle. As such they reveal a first rhetorical strategy in which the answer is the counterpart of the question with exactly the same syntactic structure jšs.t pw A – jnk pw, zy pw A – jnk pw, and (j)n-m + participle – jnk + participle). The jšs.t pw A and (j)n-m + participle patterns expose a further rhetorical strategy in which the speaker and/or the addressee is/are objectified.
The So-Called Prothetic i- and the sḏm-f Paradigms II: The “Nominal” sḏm-f and a Reappraisal
Authors: Uljas Sami
Published: November 2020

This article discusses, first, the role of the i-prefix in the so-called “nominal” sḏm-f paradigm in earliest Old Egyptian textual data. It is argued that this represented a means of facilitating the creation of a distinctive syllabic structure with 2rad roots and of harmonising it with that of the 2red and 3inf classes. Second, the study contains a partial revision of some of the key issues treated in an earlier article by the present author on the role of the similarly written prefix in the subjunctive and “circumstantial” sḏm-f paradigms.
The domination over time and its discretisation
Authors: Abbasnezhad Nazanin , Mehri-Takmeh Javad , Vakili Javad
Published: November 2020

Domination in graphs is well known and has been an extensively researched branch of graph theory. Since the variation over time is one of the important properties of real-world networks, we study the influence of time on the domination problem. In this paper, we introduce the domination over time problem, including time delay on arcs. Then, an optimal solution to its discretisation is obtained, which is the solution of the original problem.
Goal programming approach for solving heptagonal fuzzy transportation problem under budgetry constraint
Authors: Abd El-Wahed Khalifa Hamiden
Published: November 2020

Transportation problem (TP) is a special type of linear programming problem (LPP) where the objective is to minimize the cost of distributing a product from several sources (or origins) to some destinations. This paper addresses a transportation problem in which the costs, supplies, and demands are represented as heptagonal fuzzy numbers. After converting the problem into the corresponding crisp TP using the ranking method, a goal programming (GP) approach is applied for obtaining the optimal solution. The advantage of GP for the decision-maker is easy to explain and implement in real life transportation. The stability set of the first kind corresponding to the optimal solution is determined. A numerical example is given to highlight the solution approach.
Assessment of mixed network processes with shared inputs and undesirable factors
Authors: Nematizadeh Maryam , Amirteimoori Alireza , Kordrostami Sohrab , Vaez-Ghasemi Mohsen
Published: November 2020

In the real world, there are processes whose structures are like a parallel-series mixed network. Network data envelopment analysis (NDEA) is one of the appropriate methods for assessing the performance of processes with these structures. In the paper, mixed processes with two parallel and series components are considered, in which the first component or parallel section consists of the shared in-puts, and the second component or series section consists of undesirable factors. By considering the weak disposability assumption for undesirable factors, a DEA approach as based on network slack-based measure (NSBM) is introduced to evaluate the performance of processes with mixed structures. The proposed model is illustrated with a real case study. Then, the model is developed to discriminate efficient units.
AN INTERDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO ACCOMPANYING FAMILIES RAISING CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN A SANATORIUM
Authors: Golubova Т. F. , Vlasenko S. V. , Hasanova Т. N. , Osmanov Е. А.
Published: November 2020

The article deals with the issues of social, medical and pedagogical rehabilitation of a sick child. It is concluded that with a differentiated and long-term interaction of the medical team of a treatment and rehabilitation institution with the patient's family, it is necessary to solve problems related to the involvement of parents in the process of social, medical and pedagogical rehabilitation of a sick child, to increase the patient's and his parents' motivation for recovery and their active participation in rehabilitation process, which will create a favorable atmosphere and affect the course and results of treatment.
EVPATORIA MILITARY CHILDREN'S CLINICAL SANATORIUM NAMED AFTER E. P. GLINKA: A HISTORY LONGER 100 YEARS
Authors: Ponomarenko Уи. N.
Published: November 2020

The article highlights the main data on the centenary history of the Yevpatoria military children's clinical sanatorium named after E. P. Glinka. Attention is drawn to the main directions of the sanatorium's activities at all stages of its formation and development. For 100 years of operation, the sanatorium has created a unique system for treating children and adults, which includes the complex application of surgical methods of treatment in combination with natural healing factors, which allows the most complete and continuous medical care at all stages of rehabilitation in a single medical institution.
EDGE ODD GRACEFUL LABELING OF SOME FLOWER PETAL GRAPHS
Authors: Ambika B. , Balasubramanian G.
Published: November 2020

A labeling of a graph $G$ with $\alpha$ vertices and $\beta$ edges called an edge odd graceful labeling if there is an edge labeling with odd numbers to all edges such that each vertex is assigned a label which is the sum $\mod (2\gamma)$ of labels of edge incident on it, where $\gamma=max\{\alpha,\beta\}$ and the induced vertex labels are distinct. In this paper, we discussed about edge odd gracefulness of some special class of flower petal graphs.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF AVELUMAB TREATMENT FOR PATIENTS WITH METASTATIC MERKEL CELL CARCINOMA
Authors: Avksentev Nikolay , Demidov Lev , Frolov Maksim , Makarov Aleksandr
Published: November 2020

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare primary malignant skin tumor with epithelial and neuroendocrine differentiation. According to the Russian clinical recommendations, MCC accounts for around 650 new cases per year in Russia. Avelumab is a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody that targets cancer cells through the inhibition of the immune checkpoint protein PD-L1 and can be used as a 2nd line treatment of metastatic MCC (mMCC). The aim of the study is to conduct a clinical and economic evaluation of avelumab as a second-line treatment in patients with mMCC from the perspective of Russian health care. Methods. Standard chemotherapy regimens were considered as a comparator for avelumab. We proposed a mathematical model of MCC progression and calculated direct medical costs during 6 years of treatment. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios for avelumab (vs chemotherapy) were compared with the corresponding ratios for another PD-1 inhibitor included in Vital and Essential Drug List (VEDL). Results. Life-years gained (LYG) for avelumab were 2.21 years, compared to 0.39 LYG for chemotherapy. The average costs of using avelumab were 9 156 731 RUB per patient, compared to 60 743 RUB when using chemotherapy. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for avelumab (vs chemotherapy) was 5 012 867.70 RUB per one LYG, which was 54.8% lower than ICER for pembrolizumab (vs docetaxel) as a second-line treatment in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. ICER for avelumab vs chemotherapy was 11,940,043.38 RUB per one progression-free LYG, which was 40.9% lower than ICER for pembrolizumab (vs chemotherapy) as a treatment in patients with ipilimumab-refractory advanced melanoma.
LUNG CANCER INCIDENCE IN VARIOUS CITIES OF THE WORLD (REVIEW)
Authors: Zhuykova Liliya , Choynzonov Yevgeniy , Ananina Olga , Lyakhova Nina , Pikalova Lidiya
Published: November 2020

Apart from smoking, an urban factor is an established risk factor for lung cancer. Lung cancer is associated with environmental factors, occupational exposure, bad habits and lifestyle factors. Approximately 17% of the annual deaths from lung cancer among adults are attributable to exposure to carcinogens located in the surface layer of the urban atmosphere, with industrial pollution and occupational hazards. According to recent data, 97% of cities in low- and middle-income countries with a population of more than 100 thousand people do not meet WHO recommendations for air quality; in high-income countries, this figure has been reduced to 49%. In the United States, the studies demonstrated that the prevalence of combined lung cancer was higher in urban areas (10.2%) than in rural areas (4.8%). There was a difference in the lung cancer incidence rates between the populations of the New York City and the New York State. In males, the lung cancer incidence rates were 1.4 times higher in the New York City than in the New York State (68.9 ± 1.2 0/0000 versus 48.5 ± 0.2 0/0000). In females, the lung cancer incidence rates were 1.2 times higher in the New York City than in the New York State (43.0 ± 0.3 and 34.9 ± 0.1 0/0000, respectively). In China, in urban areas, the lung cancer incidence mortality rates were 36.6 0/0000 and 28.9 0/0000, respectively. In rural areas, the corresponding values were 33.4 and 26.6 0/0000, respectively. Although the lung cancer incidence and mortality rates are higher in urban areas than in rural areas, these differences are gradually decreasing: the incidence rate between urban and rural areas has decreased from 2.1 to 1.1. The issue of the impact of environment on the incidence of lung cancer is challenging. The outdoor environment affects people’s health with varying degrees of intensity both in time and in space.
TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF LIQUID BIOPSY: INFLUENCE OF PREANALYTICAL PARAMETERS ON THE CONCENTRATION OF CIRCULATING TUMOR DNA IN PLASMA OF CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Sokolova T. , Laidus T. , Meerovich R. , Zagorodnev K. , Martyanov Aleksandr , Kholmatov M. , Tyurin Vladislav , Romanko A. , Anisimova M. , Vlasova O. , Kuligina E. , Yanus Grigoriy
Published: November 2020

«Liquid biopsy» is gradually becoming a mandatory procedure in cancer diagnostics. The aim of this procedure is to detect and monitor tumor-specific markers in various body fluids (blood, urine, pleural fluid, etc.). Significant efforts have been made to convert the most common mutational tests (EGFR, KRAS, BRAF) into non-invasive procedures. Despite some advantages, “liquid biopsy” is still not equivalent to traditional tissue analysis due to limited sensitivity and specificity; it cannot be routinely used in cancer medicine until the standardization of pre-analytical procedures is agreed. We intend to improve the performance of liquid biopsy for detection of a number of clinically relevant mutations (EGFR: ex19del and L858R; KRAS: 12, 13, 61, 146 codon nucleotide substitutions; BRAF: V600E). 417 plasma samples obtained from 88 patients (KRAS/NRAS/BRAF-mutated colorectal cancer (CRC): n= 57; EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinomas (LC): n = 14; BRAF-mutated melanoma: n = 17) were analyzed by ddPCR for the presence of corresponding mutations in the circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA). Presence of tumor-specific mutations in plasma was confirmed in 32/57 (56%) CRC, 7/14 (50%) LC, and 4/17 (24%) melanoma cases. The proportion of mutation-positive plasma cases was tended to be higher in the group of patients with distant metastases compared to subjects with localized disease [34/56 (61%) vs. 5/15 (33%), р = 0.058]. 86 patients provided their blood at 9.00 (morning) and at 16.00 (afternoon). In addition, blood-takes were performed before and 15 minutes after usual breakfast as well as before and 15 minutes after moderate physical exercise. The detection rate of cancer-specific mutations in plasma was not significantly correlated with described above circumstances of blood-take. Meanwhile, the noticeable intrapatient variability of circulating mutation success rate has been detected. Thus, depending on clinical circumstances, at least negative ctDNA tests could be advised to be repeated in some patients, in order to ensure the reliability of results.
EFFECT OF CHRONIC NEUROGENIC PAIN ON FUNCTIONAL ACTIVITY OF THYROID GLAND IN MALE MICE WITH TRANSPLANTABLE B16/F10 MELANOMA
Authors: Kit Oleg , Frantsiyants Yelena , Bandovkina Valeriya , Kaplieva Irina , Kotieva Inga , Trepitaki Lidiya , Cheryarina Natalya , Sidorenko Yuriy
Published: November 2020

The important role of the thyroid axis in the body's response to various endogenous and exogenous factors is beyond doubt. The data on the effect of tumor growth on the functional activity of the thyroid gland are inconsistent. A modifying effect of chronic neurogenic pain on the biological aggressiveness of transplantable B16/F10 melanoma requires studying the main mechanisms of action. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of chronic neurogenic pain on the functional activity of the thyroid gland in the dynamics of B16/F10 melanoma growth in male mice. Methods. The comparison group included animals with standard subcutaneous transplantation of B16/F10 melanoma; the main group - mice with B16/F10 melanoma transplanted 2 weeks after the generation of the chronic neurogenic pain model. Levels of total and free forms of thyroid hormones and TSH were determined in thyroid cytosolic fractions by standard ELISA methods. Results. Chronic neurogenic pain increases the levels of free forms of thyroid hormones and total triiodothyronine, but decreases the levels of TSH and total thyroxin in the thyroid, as well as the organ weight coefficient in male mice with transplanted B16/F10 melanoma. Conclusions. The results demonstrated that the thyroid activity was a point of application of modifying influence of chronic neurogenic pain on the course of transplantable B16/F10 melanoma in male mice.
Įgimta ir įgyta angioedema
Authors: Tamašauskienė Laura , Šitkauskienė Brigita
Published: November 2020

Angioedema - lokalus poodžio ar pogleivio audinių patinimas. Skiriami du pagrindiniai angioedemos tipai - įgimta ir įgyta. Įgimta angioedema priskiriama retų ligų grupei. Pagal išsivystymo priežastį kiekviena šių grupių skiriama į dar smulkesnes. Visoms ligos formoms būdingi pasikartojantys angioedemos epizodai, pasireiškiantys dažniausiai veido, liežuvio, kvėpavimo takų, virškinimo trakto poodžio ir pogleivio tinimu. Tai gyvybei pavojinga būklė, galinti sukelti kvėpavimo takų obstrukciją. Ligos gydymas ir profilaktika priklauso nuo angioedemos mechanizmo. Straipsnio tikslas - apžvelgti atskirų angioedemos formų priežastis, klinikinius požymius, diagnostikos ir gydymo galimybės.
Tiotropis - saugus vaistas net ir patyrusiems širdies komplikacijas
Authors: Nutautienė Rūta
Published: November 2020

Tiotropis yra anticholinerginis bronchus plečiantis vaistas, skirtas palengvinti lėtinės obstrukcinės plaučių ligos (LOPL) simptomus, suretinti ligos paūmėjimus. Vaistas gali būti skiriamas sausų miltelių per HandiHaler® inhaliatorių (18 μg 1 k./d.) arba išpurškiamo tirpalo per smulkią miglą formuojantį inhaliatorių (angl. soft mist inhaler) Respimat® (du įkvėpimai po 2,5 μg 1 k./d.) pavidalu. Respimat® inhaliatorius buvo sukurtas norint kiek įmanoma pagerinti vaistų įkvėpimą, padidinti vaisto dalelių kaupimąsi plaučiuose ir mažesne vaistų doze pasiekti geriausią gydymo efektą. HandiHaler® pranašumai: įkvepiama vaisto dozė nepriklauso nuo įkvėpimo pastangų, inhaliatorių naudoti visiškai nesudėtinga [1, 2, 3]. Farmakokinetikos analizė rodo, kad sisteminis tiotropio poveikis panašus tiek vartojant 18 μg per HandiHaler®, tiek 5 μg per Respimat® inhaliatorių [4, 5], Klinikinių tyrimų duomenimis, tiotropis Respimat® ne mažiau veiksmingas kaip tiotropis HandiHaler® – išvados padarytos remiantis plaučių funkcijos rodikliais ir skubios pagalbos, kitaip simptominių, vaistų poreikiu [4, 5] bei LOPL paūmėjimo rizika [6]. Tiotropio vartojimo saugumas yra pripažintas ne tik tyrimų metu, bet ir klinikinėje praktikoje, tačiau dėl abejonių jo saugumu širdies patologiją turintiems pacientams pakartotinai įvertinti duomenys ketverius metus trukusio UPLIFT® (angl. Understanding Potential Long-term Impacts on Function with Tiotropium) tyrimo atkreipiant dėmesį į tiotropio HandiHaler® saugumą pacientams, tyrimo metu patyrusiems miokardo infarktą, širdies nepakankamumą arba širdies ritmo sutrikimų.
Umeklidino ir vilanterolio sudėtinis vaistas – naujas preparatas lėtinei obstrukcinei plaučių ligai gydyti
Authors: Tamašauskienė Laura , Bajoriūnienė Ieva
Published: November 2020

Lėtinė obstrukcinė plaučių liga (LOPL) yra viena pagrindinių sergamumo priežasčių ir ketvirta pagal dažnumą mirties priežastis pasaulyje [1]. Europos Sąjungoje išlaidos LOPL gydyti sudaro 56 proc. visų kvėpavimo takų ligų gydymo išlaidų, t. y. apie 38,6 mlrd. eurų [1, 2]. Šia liga dažniausiai serga rūkantys vyrai [1]. LOPL vystosi palaipsniui, kvėpavimo takuose vyksta nuolatiniai uždegimo procesai, kurie vėliau sąlygoja struktūrinius pakitimus. Pacientai skundžiasi dusuliu, pablogėjusiu fizinio krūvio toleravimu, kosuliu ir skrepliavimu, kurie palaipsniui progresuoja [1].
Plaučių vėžys: kaip pailginti pacientų gyvenimo trukmę
Authors: Lapėnaitė Margarita , Žemaitis Marius
Published: November 2020

Plaučių vėžys – viena iš didžiausią mirtingumą lemiančių onkologinių ligų Lietuvoje ir pasaulyje. Pasaulio sveikatos organizacijos duomenimis, 2012 m. nuo plaučių vėžio mirė 1,59 mln. žmonių, o tai sudaro 19 proc. visų mirčių dėl onkologinių ligų. Lietuvoje 2011 m. naujai diagnozuoti 17862 susirgimai onkologine liga, iš jų net 9 proc. plaučių vėžiu, o nuo šios ligos tais pačiais metais mirė 17 proc. visų ligonių. Įrodyta, kad plaučių vėžio išsivystymui didžiausią įtaką turi rūkymas. Didesnis per dieną surūkomų cigarečių skaičius bei ilgesnė bendra rūkymo trukmė smarkiai didina riziką susirgti plaučių vėžiu. Rūkančiųjų rizika susirgti plaučių vėžiu, lyginant su nerūkančiais, išauga 30 proc. [1]. Plaučių vėžiu paprastai suserga vyresnio amžiaus žmonės. Jaunesni nei 45 m. amžiaus asmenys sudaro tik 2 proc. plaučių vėžio ligonių. Manoma, jog sergamumas šia liga ateinančiais dešimtmečiais gali išaugti 3 kartus. Išgyvenamumą sergant plaučių vėžiu lemia daugybė aspektų: ankstyva diagnostika, naujos plaučių vėžio gydymo ir diagnostikos galimybės, geresnė gydymo komplikacijų bei ligos simptomų kontrolė, geriausia palaikomoji priežiūra.
EL PAPEL DEL INTÉRPRETE EN LAS COMUNICACIONES SOCIALES EN EL CONTEXTO DE ASILO Y REFUGIO
Authors: Estevan Elena Pérez
Published: November 2020

Resumen: Las dificultades en comunicación social y el componente lingüístico desfavorecen la situación de los refugiados en el país de acogida. Aunque la normativa que regula los servicios de traducción e interpretación en dichos entornos en España ha evolucionado, todavía no refleja la nueva realidad social que vive el país. La demanda de intérpretes ha crecido tanto como ha descendido el grado de profesionalidad y formación exigido. El presente trabajo plasma una visión contextualizada de la interpretación en el ámbito de la protección internacional y se centra en la importancia de la figura del traductor e intérprete, los distintos roles que puede adoptar y las exigencias en el panorama actual.Abstract: Difficulties on social communication and language component put the refugees at a disadvantage in the host country. The legislation governing translation and interpreting in those contexts in Spain has evolved; it still does not reflect the new social reality of the country. The demand for interpreters has increased while the required degree of professionalism and training has decreased. This paper focuses on the importance of the translator and interpreter, different roles and the requirements of the current situation and it offers a contextualized view on interpreting in the field of international protection.
Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams
Authors: Chiriaev Serguei , Tavares Luciana , Adashkevich Vadzim , Goszczak Arkadiusz J , Rubahn Horst-Günter
Published: November 2020

This work explores a new technique for the out-of-plane patterning of metal thin films prefabricated on the surface of a polymer substrate. This technique is based on an ion-beam-induced material modification in the bulk of the polymer. Effects of subsurface and surface processes on the surface morphology have been studied for three polymer materials: poly(methyl methacrylate), polycarbonate, and polydimethylsiloxane, by using focused ion beam irradiation with He+, Ne+, and Ga+. Thin films of a Pt60Pd40 alloy and of pristine Au were used to compare the patterning of thin films with different microstructures. We show that the height of Pt60Pd40 thin films deposited onto poly(methyl methacrylate) and polycarbonate substrates can be patterned by He+ ion beams with ultrahigh precision (nanometers) while preserving in-plane features, at the nanoscale, of the pre-deposited films. Ion irradiation of the Au-coated samples results in delamination, bulging, and perforation of the Au film, which is attributed to the accumulation of gases from radiolysis at the film–substrate interface. The irradiation with Ne+ and Ga+ ions destroys the films and roughens the surface due to dominating sputtering processes. A very different behavior, resulting in the formation of complex, multiscale 3D patterns, is observed for polydimethylsiloxane samples. The roles of the metal film structure, elastic properties of the polymer substrate, and irradiation-induced mechanical strain in the patterning process are elaborated and discussed.
FEATURES OF TEACHING THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND DIAGNOSING BILINGUAL CHILDREN IN A DISTANCE FORMAT
Authors: Саматова Л.М. , Павлова Е.В. , Садыкова Р.Х.
Published: November 2020

Особенности обучения русскому языку и диагностирования детей-билингвов в условиях дистанционного формата
Статья посвящена описанию опыта обучения русскому языку и диагностирования детей-билингвов в формате дистанционного обучения. В работе рассмотрен широкий круг вопросов по организационным, методическим, дидактическим, психологическим аспектам образования.

The article is devoted to the description of the experience of teaching the Russian language and diagnosing bilingual children in the format of distance learning. The work considers a wide range of issues, covering the organizational, methodological, didactic, psychological aspects of education.
Structure Model Analysis of the Effects of Mutations in the Phosphorylation Sites of SARS-CoV-2 Encoded Nucleocapsid Protein
Authors: Limtung Pierre , Lim Tung HY
Published: November 2020

Mutations in several phosphorylation sites within the phosphorylation rich domain of SARS-COV-2 Nucleocapsid protein (NCp), including serines 186, 197 and 202, and adjacent arginine 203 and glycine 204 have been described and have been proposed to prevent the binding and sequestration of NCp by Protein 14-3-3. Structure modeling and thermodynamic calculation show that mutations of phosphorylation sites, phospho-serines 186, 197 and 202 to phenylalanine, leucine and asparagine, and phosphorylation recognition sites, arginine/glycine 203/204 to lysine/arginine or lysine/threonine resulted in signifi cant destabilization of the NCp-14-3-3 complex by causing a decrease in Stability Energy (ΔGstability energy) and Binding Energy (ΔΔGbinding energy). These results evidenced that mutations in NCp underlie a mechanism to bypass sequestration by Protein 14-3-3 which would result in enhanced dimerization of NCp, and replication, transcription and packaging of the SARS-COV-2 genome
Improvement of AODV Routing on MANETs Using Fuzzy Systems
Authors: Fahad Taqwa , Ali Abduladhim
Published: November 2020

Most of routing protocols used for Mobile Ad hoc Network {MANET}, such as Ad hoc on demand distance vector {AODV} routing, uses minimum hops as the only metric for choosing a route. This decision might lead to cause some nodes become congested which will degrade the network performance. This paper proposes an improvement of AODV routing algorithm by making routing decisions depend on fuzzy cost based on the delay in conjunction with number of hops in each path. Our simulation was carried out using OMNeT++ 4.0 simulator and the evaluation results show that the proposed Fuzzy Multi-Constraint AODV routing performs better than the original AODV in terms of average end-to-end delay and packet delivery.
Building an HMI and Demo Application of WSN-based Industrial Control Systems
Authors: Abed Ali , Ali AbdulAdhem , Aslam Nauman
Published: November 2020

In this paper we present the details of methodology pursued in implementation of an HMI and Demo Temperature Monitoring application for wireless sensor-based distributed control systems. The application of WSN for a temperature monitoring and control is composed of a number of sensor nodes (motes) with a networking capability that can be deployed for monitoring and control purposes. The temperature is measured in the real time by the sensor boards that sample and send the data to the monitoring computer through a base station or gateway. This paper proposes how such monitoring system can be setup emphasizing on the aspects of low cost, energy-efficient, easy ad-hoc installation and easy handling and maintenance. This paper focuses on the overall potential of wireless sensor nodes and networking in industrial applications. A specific case study is given for the measurement of temperature (with thermistor or thermocouple), humidity, light and the health of the WSN. The focus was not on these four types of measurements and analysis but rather on the design of a communication protocol and building of an HMI software for monitoring. So, a set of system design requirements are developed that covered the use of the wireless platforms, the design of sensor network, the capabilities for remote data access and management, the connection between the WSN and an HMI software designed with MATLAB.
Security of Energy Supply with Knowledge of Expected Production and Consumption Trends
Authors: Molnár Ferenc
Published: November 2020

The history of mankind is accompanied by the presence of energy, its ever-expanding uses and forms, and the ever-increasing need for energy. For the man of the present-day energy is present in so many forms of appearance and use that it could not be listed without being exhaustive. The use of energy is decisive in every segment of modern human life. Without exaggeration, it can be stated that the conditions of the urbanized man living today would basically change without energy. Without electricity, nothing would work, such as control systems implemented by computing devices as well as the main and auxiliary equipment of basic power systems. It is easy to see that the absence of electricity water and gas supply would be a cut off. Ventilation systems would not work. Traffic would stop and it would be total dark at night. There would be no heating and cooling systems for the apartments. Industrial and agricultural production would stop. There would be no drinking water or food. Communication and security systems would not work. National law enforcement would not be able to fulfil its function. Lack of energy would lead to economic and social disaster. Today’s global population of nearly 8 billion people is depleting the Earth’s energy supply and destroying its natural environment at the cost of ruthless energy use. If the current energy use trend of civilization will not be moderated and modified, the conditions of humanity as a whole will be jeopardized, in the immediate future. In this case, we will eliminate the living conditions of future generations. It is a popular saying that the Earth is not ours, we have just borrowed it from our grandchildren. It is our responsibility to pass on a liveable world to posterity.
Security and Crisis Management, Components of Economic Crises
Authors: Szalai Petra
Published: November 2020

Security is one of the key social needs. Everyone has right to a secure life. Nevertheless, in spite of technological achievements and results of the 21st century, worldwide problems could not be alleviated. It is the age of crises nowadays, with severe economic consequences. The author – due to the increasing role of economic security and using a modern interpretation of security – intends to present the basic characteristics of crises and crisis situations and the economic components of crises, in addition, too.
The Forms and Meaning of Ancient Judahite Sacrificial System: A Discussion Based on Leviticus 1-7
Authors: Adu-Gyamfi Yaw
Published: November 2020

Sacrifices are performed in almost every human society of which ancient Israel is not exempted. Since sacrifices do not take place anywhere and anyhow, the article describes sacred places and objects in ancient Israelite society.This article looks at the forms of the sacrifices and their meaning as described in Leviticus 1-7. It helps one to understand the purposes of performing these sacrifices.This article also shows the roles of both the priest and the offerors in performing sacrifices. The article, in addition, seeks to explain the role of blood in the ancient Israelite sacrificial system.The article demonstrates that sacrifice was a means of restoring a broken relationship between YHWH and his people caused by their sins.

Keywords: forms and meaning, ancient Israel, sacrificial system, Leviticus 1-7
Magnetar Giant Flare Origin for GRB 200415A Inferred from a New Scaling Relation
Authors: Zhang Hai-Ming , Liu Ruo-Yu , Zhong Shu-Qing , Wang Xiang-Yu
Published: November 2020

Soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs) are a mainly Galactic population and originate from neutron stars with intense (B ≃ 1015 G) magnetic fields (magnetars). Occasionally, a giant flare occurs with enormous intensity, displaying a short, hard spike followed by a weaker, oscillatory phase that exhibits the rotational period of the neutron star. If the magnetar giant flares occur in nearby galaxies, they would appear as cosmic, short-hard gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) without detecting the weak oscillatory phase. Recently, a short-hard GRB named GRB 200415A was detected, with a position coincident with the Sculptor Galaxy (NGC 253), raising the question of whether it is a classic short GRB or a magnetar giant flare. Here we show that magnetar giant flares follow a scaling relation between the spectral peak energy and the isotropic energy in 1 keV–10 MeV, i.e.,

, and locate in a distinct region of the E
p–E
iso plane from that of classic short GRBs. The relation can be well understood in the model that giant flares arise from the photosphere emissions of relativistically expanding fireballs. GRB 200415A, together with two other candidate giant flares (GRB 051103 and GRB 070201) follow this relation, which strongly favors the giant flare origin of these GRBs. The GeV emission detected by Fermi/LAT from GRB 200415A at 18–285 s can also be explained in the giant flare scenario. The total energy in the GeV emission implies a baryon load of ∼1023 g in the giant flare fireball of GRB 200415A.