bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chapter 16 | Medium to Large Bearing Metallurgy—White Etching Crack Failure Mode
Authors: Beswick John M.
Published: December 2022

The technology applied in producing medium and large bearing rings can be generally characterized as higher alloyed, ingot cast, hot forged, or ring rolled steels. The size range for midsize bearings is outside diameter (OD) larger than 100 mm and large bearings greater than 400 mm. The reduction ratio's for medium and large size bearings is generally low and porosity can be a metallurgical quality feature. The ring rolling applied in larger sized ring production is a specialized technology. The input steel quality needs to be sufficient to avoid incipient melting of primary carbide in the event of overheating during ring hot deformation (see Chapter 4 of this book). Through hardening, carburizing, and surface induction heat treatments are applied in medium and large size bearing rings depending on the application. Bainitic through hardening is often applied in appropriate steel compositions. Suitable heat treatment fixtures are required if carburization is used as distortion can be an issue. Slewing bearing rings are categorized as large size and generally induction surface hardened. The hardened surface layer needs to be sufficient to carry the rotating loads. The failure modes vary depending on the applied heat treatment. The cracks in martensitic rings tend to grow rapidly through the rings in an axial direction. In bainitic heat treated rings the cracks tend to meander and in case carburized rings cracking is in a circumferential direction. A common failure mode in medium and large size bearing rings is subsurface white etching network cracking (WENC). Some lubricants are susceptible to WEC formation and hydrogen generation in the rolling contact plays a role in this trend. Corrosion resistant steels or coating are effective in suppressing WENC formation. Steels, metallurgically clean and porosity free, with a uniform high-reduction ratio, are preferable in WENC-sensitive rolling bearing ring applications.
Chapter 18 | Hub Bearing Unit Metallurgy
Authors: Beswick John M.
Published: December 2022

Hub bearing units (HBUs), with ball rolling elements, have been known for a long time and used in high volume automotive wheel bearing applications since the 1970s. Truck hub units (THUs), with rollers, are a variant of HBUs. Because HBU rings, and special quality balls, have to be tolerant to rolling contact and structural loads, the design and related steel selection and heat treatment are not trouble-free. The flanged ring hot forging operation needs to impart the optimum material flow for both the angular contact ball or roller raceway surfaces and the flange bending loads. The manufacturing chain for the flanged rings is generally forging, softening, shot blasting, soft turning, selective induction surface hardening, raceway finishing and flange drilling and taping. The flange structural core strength properties are therefore a function of the steel's metallurgical quality, forging shape and the steel's soft microstructural condition. Cost is a major factor in high-volume automotive and truck bearings. In the early days of production, in Europe, 52100 steel was the only commercially available metallurgically clean bearing steel. With the introduction of HBU production in the United States and Japan the use of simpler carbon steels came about. The well-known 1070 steel was modified to become an ASTM A295-14 rolling bearing quality under the designation 1070M. For cost and strength reasons lower carbon rolling bearing quality, structural steels have been applied under designations such as 1053, C56E2, and 56Mn4. The steel technology cost saving is achieved by their suitability for economical continuous casting methods and the elimination of the postforging softening operation after hot forging. The core strength of 52100 and 1070M steels may be improved by quench and tempering operations. A cost-effective alternative to quench and tempering of carbon steels is micro-alloying with vanadium and nitrogen to improve the as-forged properties.
The Domestic Political Economy of the WTO Crisis: Lessons for Preserving Multilateralism
Authors: Bowen T. Renee , Broz J. Lawrence
Published: December 2022

A major contributor to the crisis at the World Trade Organization is the decline in support for multilateralism in the United States. Three key problems with the organization’s design precipitated the decline. First, incomplete rules related to trade remedies are interpreted by the organization’s Appellate Body in ways that conflict with a narrow set of sensitive US domestic priorities. Second, existing organization rules do not sufficiently account for non-market economies, such as China. Third, remediation of these problems is infeasible due to consensus-based decision-making in the World Trade Organization. These problems represent more fundamental challenges induced by increased economic integration—loss of sovereignty and erosion of democracy. To alleviate these problems in multilateral agreements we suggest: (1) a narrow solution that carves out a special process for handling trade remedy disputes; (2) a broad solution that relaxes the requirement of consensus for the organization’s reform, adopting some form of supermajority voting or a sunset clause; (3) the reform of domestic consensus-building institutions within the US that directly address the political-economy sources of voter discontent.
piRNAs in sperm function and embryo viability
Authors: Perillo Giulia , Shibata Keigo , Wu Pei-Hsuan
Published: December 2022

Unique to animals, PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) defend organisms against threats to germline integrity evoked by transposons, retroviruses, and inappropriate expression of protein-coding genes. Characterization of mouse piRNAs and studies of more than a dozen piRNA pathway protein mutants detailed in the past 15 years have firmly established an essential role for piRNAs in male fertility. Despite their vital function in spermatogenesis, mammalian piRNAs were thought to be dispensable beyond gamete formation because all piRNA pathway protein mouse mutants are invariably sterile and do not produce sperm. In contrast to the specialized purpose of piRNAs in gamete formation, tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) have been the focus of research in RNA-mediated paternal contribution, providing additional examples of the versatility of non-coding RNAs. In recent years, direct elimination of mouse piRNAs using CRISPR/Cas revealed their extended function in post-testicular sperm maturation. An intergenerational contribution from paternal piRNAs has also been proposed. Together with insights into piRNAs in oocytes and early embryos in mice and other mammals, these newly proposed functions of mammalian piRNAs invite further investigations of piRNA dynamics during sperm maturation and fertilization as well as their roles in reproduction beyond gametogenesis.
Models of Diagnosis and Concept in the Pioneering Architects in Recent Architecture
Authors: Yasar Dilek , Öymen Gür Şengül
Published: December 2022

Architectural sphere evolved into a different direction within the last three decades due to both the development of digital tools and the economic boom, accompanied by the discourses suggesting that radical changes were underway in design and production. In the context thereof, the present study aimed to understand, what today's leading architects considered design input, what factors led them to form, and the conceptual nature of the association they established between form and content. The available texts inked by the renowned architects on their public buildings built between 1990-2020 were accessed via their own web sites and publications. Those briefs were reviewed using textual analysis based on issue and concept notions, remaining loyal to the intra-text context. The conceptual information was then transformed into conceptual categories. The architects were selected among the renowned architects, where the Google Hits method was used to determine the status of being renowned. Accordingly, a total 1146 architectural briefs by 66 renowned architects on their public buildings were analyzed with an aim to transparently see, what was defined as a problem by the designer and by which concepts the designer sought solutions to identified problems. The approaches of recent architects suggested that the architectural discipline maintained its ancient design paradigms, including the quest for function, surroundings, and form, but the way those parameters were addressed and questioned was changed. Furthermore, the spatial configuration-oriented, ecology-oriented, and city-oriented concepts came to the fore, while metaphor and analogy were frequently used. The present study was limited to the own briefs of the renowned architects on public buildings designed between 1990-2020. Unlike the previous studies in the relevant literature, which focused on recent architectural approaches, the present study addressed the subject based on the architects' own texts. Thus, the architect's expression but not the author's interpretation comes to the fore, contributing in the objectivity of the study.
What Fundamental Indicators Should Be Used to Measure the Change in the Historic Urban Landscape Approach
Authors: Koyunoğlu A. Balin , Zeren Gülersoy Nuran
Published: December 2022

Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) identifies an urban area due to its cultural and natural values and the qualities of its historical plane. Within this context, this article aims to determine and categorize these values used in the HUL approach as indicators. The research question focuses on finding specific indicators used in the HUL approach to measuring change beyond considering natural and cultural heritage values in the landscape context. These indicators in 228 peer-reviewed publications implementing the HUL from 2008 to 2021 are assessed. The six-step inclusive and exclusive theoretical framework is established as a method in this article to detect the inadequate implementations of HUL in case studies. The initial finding of this article is that the adequacy of using the HUL approach in publications is questionable as the implementation of the HUL approach processes was incomplete or misunderstood in most of them. Only 29 articles of the 228 publications implemented the HUL approach in its entirety. The other finding is that when the change measurement indicators in the HUL approach are examined, it is evident that natural indicators were the least used group compared to cultural and identity indicators. Each cultural, natural, and identity indicator group should be utilized evenly to implement the HUL approach adequately. This article presents a fundamental indicator list that includes cultural, natural, and identity groups for correctly using the HUL approach.
Estilos de aprendizaje, género y rendimiento académico en estudiantes del curso Fundamentos de Economía
Authors: Alvis-Arrieta Jorge , Arellano-Cartagena William , Muñiz-Olite Jorge
Published: December 2022

Objetivo. Este artículo tiene como propósito analizar la relación existente entre los estilos de aprendizaje, el género y el rendimiento académico del estudiantado del curso Fundamentos de Economía en la Universidad Tecnológica de Bolívar (UTB). Metodología. El enfoque del estudio es cuantitativo, con un tipo de investigación descriptiva-correlacional. Se aplicó el cuestionario Honey-Alonso de estilos de aprendizaje (CHAEA) a un grupo de 166 estudiantes. Los datos se procesaron con el paquete estadístico Stata versión 13.0 para Windows. Para establecer las correlaciones y la probabilidad se diseñaron y ejecutaron dos modelos: uno de tipo lineal de probabilidad y un modelo probabilístico de tipo probit. Resultados. Se evidencia significancia estadística al 10% respecto a las preferencias de los estilos activo y reflexivo. De igual modo, se observa una asociación entre la preferencia por el estilo reflexivo y el aumento de las posibilidades de aprobar el curso por el estudiantado. Por el contrario, la probabilidad de aprobar el curso es menor cuando la preferencia es por el estilo activo. Conclusión. El estudio permitió evidenciar la relación entre el género y el estilo de aprendizaje pragmático; también se observó que el estudiantado con preferencias por el estilo reflexivo tiene una mayor probabilidad de mejorar el rendimiento académico en el curso de Fundamentos de Economía. Además, quienes tienen preferencia por el estilo activo, su probabilidad de mejorar el rendimiento académico es menor.
Education in Sexuality and Equality: Needs in the Initial Training of Teachers in Spain
Authors: Bejarano-Franco María Teresa , Martínez-Martín Irene , Blanco-García Montserrat
Published: December 2022

Introduction. Sexuality and equality education are considered areas of relevant pedagogical research and intervention within current educational contexts in view of the violence and inequalities derived from the patriarchal system. Aims. This paper presents the main results of a research study that seeks to analyze the competence in sexuality and equality of university students during teacher training in Spain (Castilla la Mancha University). Method. For this, the study used a quantitative methodology and administered a nine-dimension questionnaire to 371 students. Results. The study revealed the weak acquisition of competence in sexuality and equality and the persistence of stereotyped images of sexualities. Furthermore, these findings show that future teachers have a weak equality-based professional practice due to an educational approach that lacks a gender perspective. Conclusions. The main conclusions highlight the evident formative needs in sexuality and equality and the absence of transforming feminist knowledge. All this can affect the development of quality education in sexuality and equality in students’ future educational practices.
“Donde todos los sentidos hallan su objeto”. Materialidad, puesta en escena y comunicación política en los convites al almirante de Inglaterra (Valladolid, 1605)
Authors: Abad Zardoya Carmen
Published: December 2022

A partir de una lectura atenta de cuatro fuentes escritas, este artículo reconstruye la materialidad de la puesta en escena de dos banquetes vallisoletanos ofrecidos en 1605 respectivamente por el VI condestable de Castilla y el duque de Lerma a la comitiva del conde de Nottingham. Los eventos que aparecen reconstruidos a través del cruce de estas cuatro perspectivas textuales –contrastadas con otras fuentes como inventarios, objetos y espacios– permiten recrear el ambiente inmersivo propio de este tipo de eventos, en los que los diferentes estímulos sensoriales se combinan entre sí para captar la atención de los invitados. En ambos banquetes, la cuidadosa modulación de los estímulos permitió a cada anfitrión formular mensajes relativos a su estatus, ambiciones y experiencia individual, en un contexto marcado por la nueva relación con Inglaterra y el júbilo por el nacimiento de un heredero de la corona española.
Los sentidos en dilatado gozo. Un análisis holístico en torno a una singular fiesta celebrada en Málaga (1635-1636)
Authors: González-Román Carmen
Published: December 2022

Este artículo analiza desde un enfoque holístico la extraordinaria fiesta organizada en Málaga en desagravio por la afrenta a la eucaristía durante uno de los episodios más cruentos de la Guerra de los Treinta Años, el asedio de Tirlemont en 1635, ciudad entonces bajo el poder de los Países Bajos españoles. Los actos celebrativos se hicieron coincidir en Málaga con el día de la Inmaculada, si bien los singulares eventos durante las vísperas y su prolongación hasta el mes de febrero del año siguiente dan idea de lo peculiar y sorprendente de este acontecimiento. A partir de la exquisita y minuciosa descripción incluida en el libro deJuan de Prado y Ugarte, cuyo ejemplar ha sido localizado recientemente, esta aportación constituye una aproximación a la dimensión multisensorial de la fiesta, así como al entorno material y al plano afectivo que dicha celebración envolvió. Además de la descripción de los recursos empleados, el relato desvela las sensaciones provocadas y los afectos suscitados en los ciudadanos a través de los que se pretendía establecer un vínculo emocional que favoreciera la asimilación del mensaje religioso y político.
Fiestas para el “Rey romántico”: un análisis de las celebraciones urbanas con motivo del enlace de Alfonso XII con María de las Mercedes
Authors: Narro Asensio Marcos
Published: December 2022

La boda del rey Alfonso XII con la infanta María de las Mercedes (enero de 1878) fue uno de los más importantes eventos sociales del siglo XIX español. Para su celebración, desde los distintos poderes se promovieron iniciativas festivas que, con una función política,vinculaban al pueblo madrileño con la pareja real. La ciudad de Madrid estaba cambiando, así como su sociedad, y desde la corona se buscaba la adaptación de los mecanismos representativos al nuevo contexto. Frente a la demostración del poder que suponían estas fiestas en el Antiguo Régimen, ahora se buscaba un acercamiento, su difusión, a lo cual contribuyeron la prensa y el grabado. Analizando estas fuentes se pretende trazar un programa de los festejos que indague en las referencias y novedades y en cómo configuraron una nueva iconografía civil del poder. Se produjo un encuentro entre pasado y futuro de las celebraciones reales, desdeel punto de vista técnico e iconográfico.
Teresa Madasú (1848-1917): geología, género y dibujo
Authors: Rábano Isabel , Pimentel Juan
Published: December 2022

Algunas mujeres siguen enterradas en el pasado de ciertas empresas científicas, máxime en aquellas encabezadas por cuerpos profesionales tan masculinos como el de los ingenieros de minas. Aquí trazamos la trayectoria de la dibujante y grabadora Teresa Madasú, cuyas ilustraciones inundan varios artículos de la Comisión del Mapa Geológico y la Sinopsis de las especies fósiles que se han encontrado en España (1875-1892). Madasú fue la primera alumna matriculada en la Escuela Especial de Pintura, Escultura y Grabado, dibujó antigüedades para el Museo Arqueológico y llegó a ser profesora en la Asociación para la Enseñanza de la Mujer. Sus dibujos y litografías de fósiles para la Sinopsis la sitúan en una rica tradición de mujeres ilustradoras y paleontólogas, la “fuerza de trabajo silenciosa” que levantó la imagen de los habitantes primordiales de la península ibérica, las “ruinas de la naturaleza” incorporadas ya como otros monumentos nacionales, señas de la identidad patria.
The DELIVER Trial: The Beginning of the End of Ejection Fraction Tyranny
Authors: Bayes-Genis Antoni
Published: December 2022

It has been reported at the 2022 European Society of Cardiology Congress that the DELIVER trial has met its primary outcome – a relative reduction of 18% in a composite of worsening heart failure (HF) or cardiovascular death. These results, added to evidence from previously reported pivotal trials with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) in patients with reduced and preserved heart failure (HF), provide compelling evidence of the benefit of SGLT2is across the HF spectrum, irrespective of ejection fraction. New diagnostic algorithms that are quick and easy to implement at the point of care are needed for quick diagnosis and implementation of these drugs. Ejection fraction may come later for proper phenotyping.
Conducting online design-based research: START e-business training as an educational intervention
Authors: Hanna Amelie , Conner Lindsey , Sweeney Trudy-Ann
Published: December 2022

Design researchers undertake continual refinement, based on findings from analysed data, to make iterative changes to educational research that is particularly concerned with improving the effectiveness of the educational design. This includes generating a range of artefacts that bridge educational theories with practice, resulting in new knowledge that is useful for teaching and learning in complex settings. This research focuses on teaching business skills and computer skills through transformational, reflective, and experiential learning interactions and practices. It is argued that constructivism theory provides a suitable approach for educating adult Arabic-speaking migrants to build on their skills, so they can make sense of their experiences, and continue their professional education. While we teach the Arabic-speaking migrants both business and computer skills directly, we can indirectly enhance English skills, if we focus on different aspects of English as suggested by English for specific purpose theory. This intervention constitutes a new approach to educational design. In developing the intervention, we applied the ADDIE model for instructional design. The learning management system that hosts the educational design is Chamilo. The research design uses quantitative and qualitative data collected through Chamilo including an online survey, data logs, and practical tests and quizzes. As well as data collection methods embedded in Chamilo, participant observations during Skype support sessions provide another data source for evaluating trainees’ learning and design effectiveness. This paper coalesces some considerations and limitations of online design-based research, while it also draws some reflections and action plans to overcome potential challenges in data collection as part of DBR iterative refining processes.
Studying the Thermophysical Characteristics of the Muscle Mass of the Black Soldier Fly Larvaes (Hermetia Illucens) as a Drying Object
Authors: Doroshenko Valentina A. , Khozyaev Igor A. , Yakovlev Dmitry A. , Doroshenko Artyom A. , Shcherbakov Alexey A.
Published: December 2022

Introduction. The main component of the compound feedstuff is fish meal, which has unstable quality and high price. Fish and meat-and-bone meals are replaced with protein concentrates and higher quality larvae proteins. The source of feed protein is the biomass of the black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens), which have a rich amino acid composition and also process food waste. The aim of the work is to study the thermal-physical characteristics of the muscle mass of the black soldier fly larvaes (Hermetia illucens).
Материалы и методы. The study focused on the muscle mass of black soldier fly larvaes (Hermetia illucens). The subject of the study is thermal-physical regularities during the drying process. The studies were conducted on the basis of Don State Technical University. The article describes determination of thermal-physical characteristics such as specific heat, thermal conductivity, moisture of the raw material, and oiliness.
Results. Heat conductivity coefficient of water 0.555 W/(m∙K) for food and feed products from 0.25 to 0.40 W/(m∙K) black Soldier Fly larvae have a heat conductivity equal to 0.144 W/(m∙K), which is lower than conventional feedstuff components. The humidity of the examined raw material is 45% or higher while the heat conductivity remains linear and practically does not increase.
Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained during the work can be used for parameter determination and design of various types of dryers, and for mathematical description of the dynamics and kinetics of drying.
The impact of institutional governance reforms on organisational culture – Two case studies from Finland and Hungary
Authors: Zsatku Bettina , Kováts Gergely
Published: December 2022

Several European countries have made it possible for public universities to become foundation universities. The transformation has also involved a change in their governance model with external actors taking important decision-making positions. We believe that these changes also imply a transformation of the organisational culture of the said universities.

This study examines the transformation of a Finnish and a Hungarian university into a foundation one based on documents, interviews and questionnaire surveys. We found that for both universities there is strong pressure to move towards a corporate culture, but that change is not happening without resistance at either university.
Egységesítés és egyénítés a tanulási rendszerekben
Authors: Bessenyei István
Published: December 2022

A tanulmány abból indul ki, hogy a modern ipari társadalmak tömegoktatásában
drámai módon nőtt a feszültség a tanulási rendszerek teljesítőképessége és a
rájuk háruló, egyre szaporodó és differenciálódó feladatok között. A tanulási
rendszerek azzal konfrontálódtak, hogy egyre nehezebben tudják kezelni a
rendszerigények és a megnőtt individuális igények közötti növekvő szakadékot. A
tanulmány arra keresi a választ, hogy van-e az irányítás és a pedagógia
eszköztárában olyan módszer, amely egyaránt tudja biztosítani az egységességet,
de egyidejűleg figyelembe veszi a tanulók közötti különbségeket, a diákok egyéni
igényeit is? A tanulmány szerint abban a rendszerben tudták ezt a célt
eredményesen megvalósítani, amely csak (vagy elsősorban) az elvárt eredményt
írja elő, de a megvalósítást nagy mértékben rábízza a rendszer autonóm
szereplőire.
Characterization of yoghurt supplemented with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus as a bioprotective antifungal culture
Authors:   Islamic Azad University, Department of Food Science and Technology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Tehran, Iran, Khan-Mohammadi Sahar
Published: December 2022

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a very important role as natural bio-preservatives in foods. Accordingly, the inhibitory effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) on 4 fungi species of Yarrowia, Penicillium expansum (P. expansum), Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae), Aspergillus niger (A. niger), Kluyveromyces lactis (K. lactis) was investigated. Then P. expansum was selected as the most important contaminant mould in yoghurt to study the use of L. rhamnosus to reduce selective spoilage of P. expansum in yoghurt. Also, the effect of this bioprotective culture on the count of starter bacteria and some characteristics of yoghurt was determined. L. rhamnosus (106 cfu /mL) was inoculated into the milk along with yoghurt starter bacteria, so that four samples were produced T0 (L. rhamnosus = 0, P. expansum = 0), T1 (L. rhamnosus = 106 cfu/mL, P. expansum = 0), T2 (L. rhamnosus = 0, P. expansum = 105cfu/mL); T3 (L. rhamnosus = 106 cfu/mL, P. expansum = 105cfu/mL). All samples were analysed for pH, acidity, viscosity, syneresis, microbial (survival of Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus and P. expansum) and overall acceptability. L. rhamnosus had an inhibitory effect on the survival of P. expansum (p<0.05) but was not able to completely control it. L. rhamnosus in T3 sample had an inhibitory effect from the first day to the end of storage. Furthermore, during the storage, the survival of yoghurt starter bacteria in probiotic yoghurt samples was higher than the control (p<0.05). T3 had lower pH, viscosity and overall acceptability score compared to the control and its syneresis was higher (p<0.05). In general, the addition of 106 cfu/mL of L. rhamnosus did not have a complete inhibitory effect on P. expansum (105 CFU/mL) until the end of storage time.
Economic analysis of specialized dairy farms in Croatia according to FADN
Authors:   University of Zagreb Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Management and Rural Entrepreneurship, Svetošimunska 25, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia, Očić Vesna
Published: December 2022

The Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) enables analysis and comparison of farms business data, and the dairy sector has been selected because of its great importance in the European Union (EU). This paper analyses the economic characteristics of Croatian dairy farms divided into three types (based on herd size), in the period from the year 2014 to 2018. While the number of smaller farms is declining, there is a slight increase in the largest farm type. The amount of milk produced per farm is also growing, but it is still significantly lower than the European average. According to the realized net value added per unit of labour, small and medium-sized dairy farms are below, while large ones are above the European average. The share of direct payments in net value added is higher for all farm types compared to the European average. Relatively low milk yield and selling price, with high operating costs results in lower net production margins and affects the lower competitiveness of smaller farms with lower yields. According to the results of the FADN analysis, the largest Croatian dairy farms Type 3 (with 50 or more cows in the herd) are fully competitive to European farms in terms of economic results. The problem of Croatian dairy farming is that there are only few competitive farms, so different agricultural and rural development measures should support the empowerment of smaller farms, as well as strengthen the competitiveness of the whole dairy sector.
CRETA Project
Authors: Piccoli Alessandra , Fleckinger Andrea , Chiavassa Angela
Published: December 2022

This article gives an account of a two-year project named CRETA (participatory construction of egalitarian societies) carried out by a group of 20 people in northern Italy. The initiative has tried to find concrete paths to establish an egalitarian society by building a new religious paradigm inspired by Modern Matriarchal Studies. After intensive training sessions, the participants began to develop concrete steps to get closer to the goal of creating an egalitarian community. The core aspects of matriarchal spirituality chosen by the participants which inspired the whole project are gender equality, immanent divinity and a cyclical worldview. The article presents the main results of the feminist participatory research that accompanied the community project. The pursuit of the participants to establish new, egalitarian religious practices is discussed and the challenges and achievements are reflected.
Non-cycloplegic refraction cannot replace cycloplegic refraction in primary school children.
Authors: Bjørset Cecilie Onshuus , Pedersen Hilde R. , Synstelien Gro O. , Gilson Stuart J. , Hagen Lene A. , Langaas Trine , Thorud Hanne-Mari Schiøtz , Vikesdal Gro Horgen , Baraas Rigmor C. , Svarverud Ellen
Published: December 2022

The purpose was to assess the differences in spherical equivalent refractive error (SER) between cycloplegic autorefraction (1% cyclopentolate), non-cycloplegic autorefraction, and non-cycloplegic retinoscopy measured by experienced optometrists in a population with a high prevalence of hyperopia. Refractive error was measured with the three methods in 111 children aged 7–8 and 10–11 years. Bland-Altman analysis was used to assess the mean of the differences (MD) and the 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between cycloplegic autorefraction and the two non-cycloplegic methods. A mixed effects model was used to investigate the differences between methods by refractive group. Cycloplegic autorefraction gave a significantly more positive SER than both non-cycloplegic retinoscopy (MD = 0.47 D, LoA = -0.59–1.53 D) and non-cycloplegic autorefraction (MD = 0.92 D, LoA of -1.12 to 2.95 D). The mean differences in SER increased with increasing degree of hyperopia [F(4, 215) = 12.6, p < .001], both when comparing cycloplegic refraction with non-cycloplegic retinoscopy and non-cycloplegic autorefraction.

Non-cycloplegic retinoscopy and autorefraction result in significantly less positive SER than cycloplegic autorefraction. The wide confidence intervals for the mean difference and limits of agreement are clinically unacceptable and the methods cannot be used interchangeably. Consequently, refraction without cycloplegia would cause misdiagnosis in some children. Even if non-cycloplegic retinoscopy results in narrower limits of agreement, the risk of misdiagnosis is not eliminated by being experienced in carrying out retinoscopy. We show that it is essential to use cycloplegia when refracting children, and in particular to ensure that no hyperope goes undetected.
REPENSANDO LA AUTONOMÍA Y LA RESPONSABILIDAD EN EL CONTEXTO DE LAS TERAPIAS DE INGENIERÍA GENÉTICA
Authors: Lima Natacha Salome , Iturburu Mariana Rodríguez , Martínez Alejandro Gustavo
Published: December 2022

En los últimos años, las técnicas de ingeniería genética han registrado transformaciones sin precedentes. Este trabajo parte de analizar tres escenarios controversiales: i) la modificación genómica en la línea somática; ii) la transferencia del huso meiótico; y iii) el diagnóstico genético preimplantatorio para monosomías (PGT-m) y para enfermedades poligénicas (PGT-p). En la primera parte se describen y problematizan las posibles aplicaciones a nivel clínico. En la segunda parte se considera la reformulación del alcance del principio de autonomía, de la noción de riesgo y responsabilidad reproductiva, a partir de la resignificación que, en este contexto, tiene la noción de terapéutica y de salud.
Грипп у детей
Authors: Editorial Article
Published: December 2022

Георгий Несторович Сперанский (1873–1969) — один из основоположников отечественной педиатрии — был активным популяризатором медицинских знаний, его брошюры неоднократно переиздавались в СССР и за рубежом. Так, например, брошюра «О гриппе», написанная целых 62 года назад, в 1960 году, актуальна и сегодня. В ней можно найти много полезной информации о здоровье детей, профилактике и лечении гриппа и ответы на вопросы, до сих пор важные для родителей:

Почему грипп, даже легко протекающий, опасен для маленького ребенка?

Каковы признаки гриппа и острого катара верхних дыхательных путей?

Какие бывают осложнения при гриппе и катаре верхних дыхательных путей?

Какие мероприятия должны проводить родители, чтобы предупредить заболевание ребенка гриппом и катаром верхних дыхательных путей?

Как закаливать ребенка раннего возраста?

Необходимо ли соблюдать твердый распорядок дня ребенка?

Что следует предпринять до прихода врача?
Motivaciones de comercialización y del consumo sostenible en la industria de prendas de vestir
Authors: Ibañez-Gaona Daniel , Pulido Sánchez Leidy , Ortegón Cortázar Leonardo , Mendez Lazarte Christiam
Published: December 2022

La literatura en negocios y mercadeo ha señalado la importancia de investigar el concepto de sostenibilidad desde diferentes perspectivas, siendo la industria de la moda un ámbito de especial interés debido a su constante desarrollo, gran tamaño, y amplio involucramiento con el consumidor. Por lo anterior, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar tanto los factores de comercialización de la moda sostenible por parte de empresarios, y los factores motivacionales de su consumo por parte del consumidor, considerándose esta investigación un primer acercamiento al tema. Se ha seguido una investigación mixta combinando una fase cualitativa dirigida a empresarios logrando 12 entrevistas y una fase cuantitativa dirigida a los consumidores de moda sostenible consiguiendo 385 encuestas online. Los resultados se organizan en dos fases complementarias, de acuerdo con el objetivo y perspectiva motivacional estudiada. Los hallazgos sugieren que los empresarios deciden fabricar y comercializar prendas de vestir sostenibles debido a valores aspiracionales de contribuir a la sociedad, mientras que los consumidores deciden comprar y usar prendas de vestir sostenibles por razones simbólicas para cuidar y aportar a la sociedad y al planeta.
Alfabetización mediática e informacional para la construcción de la paz
Authors: Caro Ignacio
Published: December 2022

En este escrito proponemos “evidenciar” la importancia que tiene la Alfabetización Mediática e Informacional para la construcción de la paz, como una estrategia para que los ciudadanos construyan una postura crítica frente a las tecnologías de información, tener la capacidad de usar fuentes confiables de información y la gestión ética de la información.
Seis dimensões da análise entre TV e dispositivos móveis na linguagem telejornalística na cobertura da covid-19
Authors: Brenol Marlise Viegas , Sousa Maíra Evangelista de , Baccin Alciane
Published: December 2022

Resumo Este artigo propõe seis dimensões reflexivas sobre as alterações admitidas na linguagem telejornalística na cobertura dos primeiros meses de pandemia de covid-19. O percurso metodológico da pesquisa foi dividido em dois momentos: o primeiro foi de observação, coleta e seleção de reportagens em abril, maio e junho de 2020. Os exemplos ilustrativos foram selecionados qualitativamente por meio do Jornal Nacional, da Rede Globo. No segundo momento, à luz do referencial teórico, de telejornalismo e de jornalismo em dispositivos móveis, e de análise dos dados, foram sistematizadas as seis dimensões, que são a contribuição deste artigo, para pensar a convergência, a imbricação e a hibridização dos meios e linguagens. Como resultado, evidencia-se a dupla remediação, num fenômeno tão radical que por vezes apaga a própria mediação.
Cartografando a[r]tivismos em tempos de [re]existência: Arte e política em tempos sombrios
Authors: Marchi Leonardo de , Ourique Julia
Published: December 2022

Resumo A coletânea A[r]tivismos Urbanos: [sobre]vivendo em tempos de urgências propõe refletir sobre as relações entre arte, política e cidade nos últimos anos. Organizado por Cíntia S. Fernandes, da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Micael Herschmann, da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rose de Melo Rocha, da Escola Superior de Propaganda e Marketing (ESPM-SP) e Simone Luci Pereira, da Universidade Paulista (Unip), o livro contém artigos que tratam das distopias políticas contemporâneas, dos debates de gênero e/ou raciais, e da ressignificação da cidade por meio do a[r]tivismo.
Soft touch temporary works: Westminster Hall roof lantern freestanding access, UK
Authors: Joshua Rachel , Milward David
Published: December 2022

The temporary access scaffold for refurbishing one of the Westminster Hall roof lanterns at the Palace of Westminster in London, UK, required a particularly sensitive approach. The only means of support, other than scaffold towers 38 m apart at ground level, were two awkward-shaped parapet walls. Removing the capping stones of these walls would be a health and safety risk and unsympathetic to the historic listed building. Standing over 45 m high with a main bridged span of 25 m, the scaffold was stabilised without the need for a single intrusive fixing. It was supported directly off existing parapet walls in such a way that no trace of the scaffold was left after 3 years in use.
Vakfiyeleri ve Muhasebe Kayıtları Işığında Saime Hatun’un Vakıfları
Authors: DURMUŞ Muhammed Emin
Published: December 2022

Osmanlı döneminde kadınlar sanılanın aksine iktisadi ve sosyal faaliyetlerle aktif bir rol üstlenmişlerdir. Pek çok hayır sahibi kadın tarafından kurulmuş olan vakıflar bu durumun doğruluğunu göstermektedir. Çalışmamıza konu edindiğimiz vakıflar da Saime Hatun tarafından biri para vakfı diğeri ise hem gayrimenkul hem de para vakfı olarak kurulmuş ve iki asra yakın bir süre topluma hizmet etmiştir.
Çalışmada ele alınan vakıflardan biri Üsküdar kazasında bulunan Hamza Fakih Mahallesi Mescidinde eczâ-yı şerife kıraati için 1068/1657 yılında, diğeri ise mahallenin menzilhane avârızının ödenmesi için 1055/1645 kurulmuş olup bu vakıfların 1161/1748 yılından 1244/1828 yılına kadar ki süreç içerisindeki mali yapılarının analiz edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışma neticesinde Avârız Vakfı’nın nakit sermayesinin bütün süreç boyunca sabit kaldığı buna karşın Eczâ-yı Şerîfe Vakfı’nın uzun yıllar sabit kalan nakit sermayesini 1231/1815 yılında gayrimenkulle tebdil ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Buna ilaveten vakıfların muhasebe kayıtlarının tespit edildiği yıllarda gelirlerinde, ödedikleri maaşlarda, kadılığa ödedikleri harçlarda önemli değişiklik olmadığı görülmüştür. Son olarak vakıfların her ikisinin de gelirlerinin çoğunu kuruldukları amaç doğrultusunda harcadıkları sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
’Vi’ och ’dom’ – Sociopolitiska dimensioner av matematikutbildning där olika språk och kulturer möts
Authors: Alhasani Huda Alhadi , Källberg Petra S. , Ryan Ulrika , Zaki Sundus
Published: December 2022

Bokens kapitel utgör viktiga bidrag i en kritisk granskning av svensk matematikutbildning utifrån sociopolitiska samhällsperspektiv. Mot bakgrund av bokens olika kapitel belyser vi upplevelser och konsekvenser av att konstrueras som den andre i svensk matematikutbildning. Med hjälp av begreppet andrafiering synliggör vi författare till detta kapitel tillsammans ’dom andra’ och deras erfarenheter i relation till migration och matematikutbildning. Vi som författat detta kapitel, två nyutexaminerade lärare och två forskare, har därför ingått en så kallad allians. Vårt kapitel visar hur matematikutbildning bidrar till processer av andrafiering och skapandet av den andra och hur dessa processer påverkar flerspråkiga elevers och lärarstudenters identitetsskapande och därmed även deras möjligheter att lära matematik. Flerspråkighet behöver synliggöras och normaliseras. Alla elevers och lärarstudenters språk och kulturer måste få ta plats, inte som exotiska inslag av kulturella uttryck utan som en del av den ordinarie matematikutbildningen.
A Process and a Frame: Ballet on Instagram and a Sense of the World
Authors: Krajac Marjana
Published: December 2022

Over the last several years Instagram has significantly reshaped how ballet and ballet practice appear as gestures. Compared to its institutional sites of display, ballet on Instagram shows shifts in visual ideology, aesthetic materiality, and relationship to its audience. The platform’s technological, digital, and visual specificities transformed the operating image of ballet on it. I argue that Instagram changed ballet’s mode of representation by reformulating its social and temporal profile, while shifts in ballet’s contextual and visual appearance overhauled its ideological workings.In Instagram’s environments, the body exists as ballet’s proxy—held in place by the collective digital labour of social media users. Moreover, ballet on Instagram is an infinite diary of the body in becoming, powerfully reflecting Jean-Luc Nancy’s ‘end of the world that is of no end’ (Nancy 1993: 5). I employ Nancy’s ideas of image, sense, and singularity, and I look into the dialectics between the matter and the sign to describe the body’s digital outline in relation to its material signature. Ballet on Instagram is embedded in the vast, propulsive, yet unpredictable environment of the digital and is both reshaped and challenged by it.
Challenges in Open Data: A TRAJ Perspective
Authors: Crawford Katherine A. , Mazzilli Francesca
Published: December 2022

The editorial of the fifth issue of the Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal focuses on the topic of open data. The editors consider both the challenges of using and disseminating open data within the field of Roman archaeology. We also reflect upon how TRAJ can improve on the inclusion of open-access data in the future.
DEVELOPMENT OF A TRAINING SYSTEM FOR PERSONNEL IN THE LAUNCH AND RECEPTION OF CLEANING DEVICES
Authors:   Siberian State University of Science and Technology named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev, Lopateeva Olga , Yurova Angelina ,   Siberian State University of Science and Technology named after Academician M.F. Reshetnev
Published: December 2022

Relevance With the active development of computer technology, it became possible to design complex technological systems for training and advanced training of personnel in various fields. Under these conditions, in many countries, the use of computer simulators for training personnel in the oil and gas industry is fixed at the legislative level. The article discusses the theoretical aspects of creating a training system for personnel training, the effectiveness of using digital learning technologies in the oil and gas industry. The problem of reducing the risk of emergency situations when mastering work skills with the installation of launch and reception of cleaning devices is solved due to the development of a training system. Aim of research The main aim of this work is to reduce the risk of accidents when mastering work skills with the installation of launch and reception of cleaning devices by development of a training system. Research methods The methodological basis in this article are the methods of mathematical modeling. Results The training systems for the oil and gas industry are analyzed. A software implementation of the training system has been designed and developed. The possibility of introducing digital learning into the oil and gas industry was analyzed, allowing personnel of this industry to learn and practice their skills without risk to their health. Keywords: training system, 3D visualization, training, simulators, launch and reception device
SYNTHESIS OF PROPORTIONAL-INTEGRALDIFERENTIAL CONTROL SYSTEM FOR LONGITUDINAL FEED OF CNC LATHE
Authors:   Omsk State University, Khamitov Rustam , Zykin Pavel ,   Tyumen Industrial University, Glazyrin Aleksandr ,   National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University
Published: December 2022

Relevance As part of the study, the MATLAB software package has developed a longitudinalintegral- differential control system for driving the longitudinal supply of a CNC lathe. Experimental studies have shown the effectiveness of the control system, which is expressed in the economical use of the synchronous motor life. Resource efficiency is achieved due to the ability to optimize and adjust the speed of rotation of the electric motor at any stage in the implementation of the part processing process. Aim of research The main aims of the research develop a parametric PID system for controlling the electric drive of a CNC lathe. Study the developed management system for stability according to several criteria. Research methods To achieve computer-automated modeling, control system development methods were used. In particular, the MATLAB SIMULINK software package was used. Results Parametric proportional-integral-trimming control system for longitudinal supply of CNC lathe has been developed. It is worth noting that the control is based on the empirical dependence of the roughness of the treated surface of the part on the radius at the tip of the cutter and feed. The self-control process begins in the PID function block. It is based on the mateamtic dependencies of the applied coefficients (P – longitudinal; I – integral; D – differential). It is found that dynamic control of fuzzy values of electric motor parameters is provided due to transfer function of ball-screw pair. The functions of the converter, the torque motor, are performed by the gearbox. It is worth noting that the control system is customizable, the user has the ability to independently set the time after which the PID unit responds and performs the control function. In this study, the response time is 20 s, taking into account the operation of the transport delay unit. Stability studies of the developed electric motor control system were performed as part of confirmation of the obtained simulation results. The stability index was analyzed on the basis of three main criteria: Hurwitz; Mikhailov; Vyshnegradsky. The results of calculations according to the Hurwitz criterion showed that the electric drive control system is stable (stable), since positive values were obtained as a result of the calculations. In the Mikhailov study, the corresponding gradograph was obtained, which shows that the control system is stable, since the curve starting with the real positive semi-axis (gradograph) bends counterclockwise around the origin and passes through three quadrants in turn. The results of calculations according to the Vyshnegradsky criterion showed that the control system corresponds to inequality, а1а2 ≥ а2а3, therefore, it can be concluded that the control system is stable. Keywords: parametric proportional-integral-differential control system, resistance studies, Hurwitz criterion