bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental In vitro Study to Assess the Antibacte-rial Activity of Thymus vulgaris Oil on Streptococ-cus Sanguinis
Authors: Shallal Lubna F , Ahmed Maha A
Published: December 2022

Background: The Streptococcus genus are the predominant bacteria in the mouth and the Streptococcus sanguinis is one of them which performing a primary function for expansion of dental biofilm. Gingival and periodontal disorders are caused by dental biofilm, today, there is a necessity to discover naturally presenting antibacterial compounds from herbs with less side effects as a substitutive to the commonly handled chlorohexidine. Thus, the purpose of this study was to assess the antibacterial activity of thymus vulgaris oil on Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria In vitro. Materials and Methods: Human supragingival plaque samples were taken from 10 subjects, then morphological and microscopical examination, biochemical tests, Optochin test, hemolytic ability test and conventional polymerase chain reaction test was applied to assure coincidence of Streptococcus sanguinis. The sensitivity of bacteria to Thymus vulgaris oil, the minimum concentration that inhibit the growth and killed the test bacteria were identified a partly as comparable to 0.2% chlorhexidine as a positive control and10 % dimethyl sulphoxide as a negative control. Results: Thymus vulgaris oil presented a significant antibacterial property on Streptococcus sanguinis with several grades of inhibition zones. When compared to Chlorohexidine, Thymus vulgaris oil had stronger antibacterial properties. The minimum concentration that inhibited the growth and killed Streptococcus sanguinis was (0.09%). Conclusion: Thymus vulgaris oil displayed higher antibacterial action with each concentration on Streptococcus sanguinis as compared to Chlorohexidine, therefore; it can be used as a natural substitutive oral health care product to Chlorohexidine.
Food Irradiation: A call for caution
Authors: M Raghul
Published: December 2022

The irradiation method has been widely used in treating food for its many advantages, perhaps giving inadequate attention toits dark side. Based on many scientific studies, irradiation has a direct impact on food components, affecting the food’s attributes. But could consuming irradiated food for a long period of time have adverse health effects? The aim of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the scientific background of the use of radiation in the food industry and its effects on human health.
Spent brewer yeast status in halal food industry: an analysis from Shariah and
science perspectives
Authors: Ramli S.N.H. , Jamaludin M.A. , Abdullah Sani M.S. , Nordin N.F.H.
Published: December 2022

The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, is the protagonist in brewing, while spent brewer
yeast is a by-product of beer production. Khamr or intoxicant, and its by-product, are
prohibited by Shariah, whereas yeast is used to produce alcoholic beverages. Generally,
the yeast dies after alcohol fermentation, but some of them settle at the bottom of the
fermentation tank. Concerns arise about whether post-purification of spent brewer yeast
will take place as it is initially considered impure (najs) because alcoholic fermentation
occurs in yeast cytosol. This study examined spent brewer yeast’s halal status,
investigated the formation of spent brewer yeast, and analyzed methods of legal ruling on
spent brewer yeast according to Shariah and science perspectives. Qualitative approaches
had been applied including library research, fiqh adaptation (al-takyif al-fiqhi), and
content analysis. Istihalah (transformation), debittering, and decolourization have been
proposed for purification. Study shows that spent brewer yeast colour changed from
chocolate brown to cream-white after purification, but there is still no complete removal
of bitterness from beer achieved. The study concludes that spent brewer yeast can be
permissible (halal) for consumption if the colour, odour, and taste of the beer are
completely purified from the spent brewer yeast.
Forensic determination of ethanol in import and local prepared vinegar for halal
in accordance with Shafi’i school of jurisprudence
Authors: Baharuddin A.S. , Amin N.S.M. , Ruskam A. , Yacob A.R.
Published: December 2022

The percentage of ethanol in food has raised controversy in Muslim society. Different
countries have their standard for the permissibility of ethanol percentage in foods and
drinks. Malaysian National Fatwa Committee only permitted below 1% of ethanol in food
or drinks. Vinegar contains ethanol which resulted from an incomplete fermentation
process. This study aimed to determine the ethanol content in vinegar and to compare
modern processing and traditionally produced vinegar. The methods of processing vinegar
and alcohol content were analysed based on Shafi’i schools of jurisprudence guidelines in
producing vinegar. This study utilised two methods to obtain research data; laboratory
analysis and interview. Laboratory analysis used Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer
(UV-Vis) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) as the instrument of analysis. A total of ten
random samples of imported and locally produced vinegar were analysed in this study. As
for qualitative analysis, this study used content analysis through descriptive, deductive,
and comparative analysis approaches. NVIVO 7.0 software program was used to help in
analysing qualitative data. Results showed that the highest ethanol content was 3.21% in
black vinegar while the lowest percentage of ethanol is in the traditionally produced Nipah
vinegar, which was 1.70%. Interviews found that the traditional method used in the
process of making traditional vinegar is in line with Shafii schools of jurisprudence’s
guidelines for producing vinegar. All samples analysed for ethanol content were above the
borderline allowed by Malaysian National Fatwa Committee (1% v/v). Thus, this study
suggested that permitted ethanol content standards for processed foods through
fermentation methods be reviewed and improved
الطريق لمكافحة التطرف: اكتشافه المبكر
Authors: Shehata Mahmoud Abdel-mneim
Published: December 2022

تستدعي العواقب شديدة الضرر لأي عمل إرهابي بذلَ جهدٍ مكثفٍ لمنع حدوثه، وأكثر وسائل هذا المنع فاعلية هي الوقاية من التطرف التي تبدأ بالتعرف على المتطرفين المحتملين؛ لذا يعرض المقال الراهن تطور إعداد أدوات قياس يعتد بها في اكتشاف مبكر لمتطرف محتمل، بوصف هذا الاكتشاف أساس نجاح إستراتيجيات مناهضة الإرهاب والتطرف ونقطة البدء الجوهرية فيها؛ لذا شهد العقد الأخير اهتمامًا متزايدًا بهذا الإعداد في دول العالم المختلفة شرقه وغربه. وهدف هذه الورقة هو التعريف بأدوات الكشف المبكر لمتطرف، وتوجيه انتباه المعنيين بمحاربة التطرف إليه في ظل غياب إسهامٍ (بحثًا وممارسةً) عربي في هذا المجال، ومن ثم ضرورة التعريف به لتوجيه الانتباه إليه. إن أهم توصية يتم استخلاصها من هذا العرض هي ضرورة أن تشمل برامج مناهضة الإرهاب أدوات قياس عوامل خطر التطرف، ووضع آلية تعاون بين مؤسسات أمنية وأخرى بحثية للوصول إلى معلومات واقعية تكشف مدى تداخل كل من: التدين والتطرف، ومتى يتحول المتدين إلى متطرف، والعوامل المسئولة عن هذا التحول. هذه المعلومات تمثل أساس أدوات ملائمة لثقافتنا، وتكشف مبكرًا المتطرف المحتمل.
Do Exogenous Shocks in Macroeconomic Variables Respond to Changes in Stock Prices?
Authors: Srivastava H. , Solomon P. , Singh S. P.
Published: December 2022

The research aims to examine the unexpected changes in stock prices due to external shocks given to the macroeconomic variables to forecast future stock market returns. The study applies two econometric models such as «Variance Decomposition» (VDC) and «Impulse Response Function» (IRF) for examining the exogenous shocks in macroeconomic variables respond to changes in stock prices. Monthly time series data of five significant macroeconomic variables Real Exchange Rate, Interest Rate, Consumer Price Index (CPI), Crude Oil Prices, and Trade Openness, taken as independent variables and BSE SENSEX as a dependent variable. The research period is from Jan 2009 to Dec 2019. The study has taken the responsibility to reveal a few strong evidences for changes in stock prices due to exogenous shocks in Exchange Rate, Trade Openness, Inflation, and Interest rate along with crude oil prices. According to the results, changes in the stock market are due to external factors like changes in dividend policy or capital loss, and some changes in the stock market are due to its own innovative shocks. This study suggests to reduce unexpected changes in stock prices frequently, companies should control capital loss and focus on stable return/dividend policies. There are divergent views in the literature review in the context of measures of these variables, however no research has been done on exogenous shocks in macroeconomic variables to BSE SENSEX for the Indian stock market with this particular data set and duration.
Impact of the Debt Sustainability of State-Owned Companies on Russia’s Corporate External Debt under Sanctions
Authors: Perekhod S. A. , Stoljarov A. I. , Semjashkin E. G. , Pivnickaja N. A.
Published: December 2022

The subject of the research is the influence of the debt burden of state-owned companies on the dynamics of Russia’s corporate external debt. The relevance is due to the unprecedented combination of sanctions in 2022, which created default risks of national companies. The goal of the article is to identify factors influencing changes in the amount of external debt. Based on a quarterly sample for 2010–2019 (37 observations), using the least squares method (LSM), a regression model was built for the dependence of corporate debt dynamics on micro– and macroeconomic factors (debt service ratio and credit rating of companies, foreign assets, ACRA financial stress index, rate changes of USD/RUB, credit default swap (CDS), export volume, balance of payments). An analysis of their credit risk was carried out by comparing the dynamics of the debt sustainability ratio (DSR) with the rating and cost of CDS, and the quarterly income support of debt was calculated. As a result of testing the hypotheses, a positive relationship was revealed between DSR and ratings of state-owned companies for changes in banks’ external debt, while for enterprises they do not play a key role. It was concluded that the growth of loan premiums in 2014–2015 was due to political factors, and by the new crisis, the companies had accumulated reserves for absorbing the shock. Measures are proposed to reduce debt risks – coordination of debt policy, debt «import substitution», monitoring of new financial indicators of companies, control of cross-border capital flow, etc.
Bankruptcy Risk Factors of Russian Companies
Authors: Zhukov A. A. , Nikulin E. D. , Shchuchkin D. A.
Published: December 2022

The bankruptcy of Russian companies in the existing environment has become rather common. Determination of bankruptcy risk factors allows predicting the prospects for business development. The authors set the task to determine the relative influence

of individual financial and non-financial factors on the probability of a company’s bankruptcy. To study risk factors, the authors analyzed 3184 large Russian companies (with revenues of more than 2 billion rubles per year and more than 250 employees) of various industries operating from 2009 to 2020. The total number of observations is 38,208. For analysis, 30 factors were selected and divided into five groups: profitability, liquidity, turnover, financial stability and general (non-financial) factors. For the study, one of the machine learning methods was used – the random forest method. The sample consists of companies from seven industries, including manufacturing, retail, construction, electric power, mining, agricultural production, and water supply, as well as other industries, which include companies in education, healthcare, agriculture, and hospitality. The analysis was carried out both in aggregate for the entire sample without being distributed by industry, and for samples distributed by manufacturing, retail, and service industries. In the sample as a whole, the tested model in 86% of cases correctly predicted the possibility of a company going bankrupt for the period under review. This result confirmed that machine learning methods (in particular, the random forest algorithm) are highly effective in solving the problem of bankruptcy prediction for a company. Based on the data obtained, the paper concludes that profitability factors have the most significant impact on the probability of bankruptcy for manufacturing and retail companies. For service companies, it is financial stability factors. Solving the problem of determining the bankruptcy risk factors of Russian companies will ensure a reduction in the number of bankrupt enterprises, which, in turn, will contribute to the recovery and development of the national economy.
Methodological Aspects of Valuation of Credit Institutions under External Uncertainty
Authors: Pomulev A. A. , Pomuleva N. S.
Published: December 2022

The article is devoted to the research of the issues of commercial bank business valuation under the conditions of uncertainty. The study aims to develop a model for forecasting the value of total assets and loan portfolio of a commercial bank within the framework of value estimation under external uncertainty. The relevance of the paper is that in the context of the COVID‑19 pandemic, military actions and sanctions pressure it is difficult to justify the market value of credit institutions due to the difficulties in implementing the methodology of assessment of banks whose business is associated with increased risks. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a regression model that allows forecasting the value of total assets and the loan portfolio of a commercial bank as key value factors under external uncertainty. The authors used the following methods of scientific research: deduction, induction, correlation and regression analysis, and logical method. The key factors of business valuation of Russian banks are systematized. The authors propose to build a model within the framework of the income approach, based on the forecast of external cost factors: total assets and loan portfolio of the banking sector. A leading indicator that affects total assets and loan portfolio is justified. A model has been developed which makes it possible to forecast the total assets and loan portfolios of the banking sector and find the required value of the assets of the bank being evaluated through the market share. The model is tested on the example of the valuation of Sber. The authors conclude that the model developed by the authors makes it possible to build scenarios for future cash flows and quantify the valuation interval of a commercial bank. The prospect of further research is related to evaluating the influence of internal financial and non-financial factors in the context of the valuation management system. The article will be useful to practicing appraisers in business valuation and investors.
Forecast of the Impact of the Railway Container Transportation Market on the GDP of the Russian Federation
Authors: Astvatsaturova Ch. V. , Kazakova N. A.
Published: December 2022

The relevance and practical significance of the is caused by pervasive impact of container transportation on the economy of the Russian Federation, which is reflected in the State strategy for the development of the transport industry. Expansion of the network of multimodal transport and logistics hubs for handling container cargo should increase their capacity, ensure the growth of transit cargo and the inflow of private Russian and foreign investments in rail transport. The purpose of the research is to develop a forecast for the rail container transportation market in the Russian Federation and estimate its impact on GDPusing mathematical and statistical tools based on publicly available information base. The research methodology included the following stages: industry analysis, identification of trends and their assessment; development of a regression model for market forecasting, taking into account the identified factors and information available in the public domain; assessment of the impacts of factors on GDP; taking into account the development risks of the rail container transportation market. Industry analysis, a systematic approach and graphical methods were used to refine the methodology for forecasting the container transportation market by rail in the Russian Federation. The article shows that the key factors influencing the forecast of the development of the rail container transportation market are: advantages over other modes of transport in speed, quality, convenience and cost of cargo delivery; growth of containerization cargo base; transit prospects for developed and developing countries. Based on the data of Rosstat and PJSC Russian Railways, the regression model was built for the dependence of the volume of the Russian Federation’s GDP on the dynamics of the rail container transportation market, which allowed to predict the increase of GDP by 2025 compared to 2022 by 20.4% due to the growth of the rail container market, in in particular, due to imports by 55.2%, due to exports by 77.8%, and transit through the Russian Federation by 101.3%. The practical significance of the study is to assess of industry trends and risks in the short and medium-term implementation of the development strategy for the transport industry of the Russian Federation, which allows to substantiate the investment attractiveness of the industry.
Comparison Analysis of Usability Using Controllers and Hand Tracking in Virtual Reality Gamelan (Sharon) Based On User Experience
Authors: Pangestu Ardhika Wida , Primasari Clara Hetty , Purnomo Sidhi Thomas Adi , Wibisono Yohanes Priadi , Setyohadi Djoko Budiyanto
Published: December 2022

Gamelan is one of the traditional musical instruments in Indonesia. Gamelan is also one of the cultures that must be preserved. To preserve gamelan, one way is by combining gamelan with technology that is currently developing. The technology that is currently trending is virtual reality. Virtual reality is often used for games in three-dimensional form. Gamelan can be something interesting in VR. In VR interactions, there are two interactions that are often used, namely controllers and hand tracking. Hand gestures are usually tracked using the built-in camera of the VR. Hand tracking can be used in VR applications to control the virtual object just like a controllers. This study aims to compare the use of controllers and hand tracking that involve interactions, namely collision, pressing, grabbing, and release. Thirty two Atma Jaya Yogyakarta University students who had tried virtual reality and played gamelan or had seen gamelan performances explore the differences between VR hand tracking and VR controllers in VR gamelan sharon. SUS (System Usability Scale) and USEQ (Use Questionnaire) were used to measure user usability and satisfaction. The result of the SUS score showed that users were more interested in using controllers than hand tracking. But the USEQ results showed that there were no difference in usefulness, ease of use, and satisfication. Based on the results of the interaction, using controllers looked more comfortable, but using hand tracking, playing gamelan looked more realistic.
EVALUATION OF TRAUMA SCORING AND ENDOTHELIAL GLYCOCALYX INJURY IN CATS WITH HEAD TRAUMA
Authors: Parlak Kurtulus , Naseri Amir , Yalcin Mustafa , Akyol Eyup Tolga , Ok Mahmut , Arican Mustafa
Published: December 2022

This study aim to evaluate the modified Glasgow Coma Scale (mGCS) and Animal Trauma Triage (ATT) scores, laboratory variables, and prognostic features of trauma-induced endothelial glycocalyx injury in cats with head trauma. Twenty-five cats with head trauma and 10 healthy cats were evaluated in this study. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method was used to measure the levels of syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin in the serum of the 25 cats with head trauma (within 48 hours) and the 10 healthy cats. In addition, mGCS scores, ATT scores, laboratory values, syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels were compared between the cats that survived following treatment and the cats that did not survive despite treatment. Syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels were not statistically different between healthy cats and cats with head trauma. In the cats with head trauma, the mGCS scoring system was found to be more sensitive than the ATT scoring system. In conclusion, syndecan-1 and thrombomodulin levels did not yield statistically significant results in the cats with head trauma.
PRECLINICAL MOUSE MODELS IN ADOPTIVE CELL THERAPIES OF CANCER
Authors: Rajčević Uroš , Smole Anže
Published: December 2022

Engineered T cell-based therapies are an advanced approach for cancer immunotherapy using genetically modified T cells. To date, CD19 and BCMA targeting Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells have been approved for the treatment of certain hematologic malignancies. The success of CAR-T cells is offset by limited efficacy, particularly in solid tumors, and safety risks. Preclinical in vivo research, which is highly dependent on reliable mouse models, has been a cornerstone of the success story of adoptive cell therapies and continues to provide invaluable information for the development of the next generation of cellular immunotherapies. In this review we describe four of the most common preclinical mouse models: Xenograft models, syngeneic models, immunocompetent transgenic models and humanized mouse models. All of these have advantages and disadvantages and no mouse model can fully recapitulate the human situation because of inherent differences and treatment complexity. Reports suggest that using a combination of mouse models in preclinical in vivo research prior to translating the treatment to humans in clinical trials can help incrementally improve the quality, safety, and efficacy of the treatment and provide more comprehensive information than a single model.
 
PREDKLINIČNI MIŠJI MODELI PRI ADOPTIVNIH CELIČNIH TERAPIJAH RAKA
Povzetek: Napredne terapije na osnovi biotehnološko spremenjenih limfocitov T predstavljajo moderen pristop k imunoterapiji raka z uporabo genetsko spremenjenih limfocitov T. Do danes sta bili za zdravljenje hematoloških malignosti odobreni terapiji s himernimi antigenskimi receptorji usmerjenimi proti antigenoma CD19 in BCMA. Uspeh zdravljenja s celicami CAR-T pa ovirajo omejena učinkovitost, še posebej pri solidnih tumorjih in varnostna tveganja. Predklinične raziskave in vivo, ki so močno odvisne od zanesljivih mišjih modelov, so bile kritični dejavnik zgodbe o uspehu adoptivnih celičnih terapij in še vedno zagotavljajo neprecenljive podatke za razvoj naslednje generacije celičnih imunoterapij. V preglednem članku povzemamo štiri najpogostejše predklinične mišje modele: ksenografte, singenetske modele, imunokompetentne transgenske modele in humanizirane mišje modele. Vsi opisani modeli imajo svoje prednosti in slabosti in noben mišji model ne more do popolnosti preslikati situacije v človeškem pacientu zaradi med-vrstnih razlik ter izjemne zapletenosti zdravljenja. Podatki iz literature kažejo na to, da lahko uporaba kombinacije mišjih modelov v predkliničnih in vivo raziskavah pred translacijo zdravljenja na ljudi v kliničnih poskusih pripomore k postopnemu izboljšanju kakovosti, varnosti in učinkovitosti zdravljenja in zagotovi bolj celostni nabor podatkov kot en sam model.
Ključne besede: mišji model; ksenograft; singenetski; transgenski; humanizirani; CAR-T; adoptivna celična terapija
THE ROLE OF COMMODITY DUMPING IN ENCOURAGING THE IRAQI CONSUMER TO BUY NON- ESSENTIAL GOODS
Authors:   1مدرس دكتوره، مركز بحوث السوق وحماية المستهلك، جامعة بغداد، بغداد، العراق. wesalab@mracpc.uobaghdad.edu.iq, حسين وصال عبدالله , الخفاجي محمود عبدالله جاسم ,   2استاذ مساعد دكتور، مركز بحوث السوق وحماية المستهلك، جامعة بغداد، بغداد، العراق. mahmud@mracpc.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Published: December 2022

The research aims to study the effect of the commodity dumping phenomenon that Iraq suffered after 2003 on the consumption pattern of individuals, towards the acquisition of non-essential goods (luxury). To achieve our goal we relied on the questionnaire as a main tool for obtaining information related to the research, and it was distributed on a random sample of consumers in the city of Baghdad with 250 questionnaires. The answers of the research sample were analyzed using the statistical program (SPSS). The percentage weights and the factorial analysis method were used also to arrange the variables that affected on changing consumption patterns. The research reached a set of conclusions: The degree of impact of the variables (economic, social and geographical) reached to76.503%, which considers as a good percentage of their impact on the consumer. The economic effects ranked first in their impact by changing the consumption pattern and the trend towards buying unnecessary goods, followed by the geographical effects and social effects respectively. One of the most important recommendations of the research was the quantitative and qualitative determination of the goods allowed to enter the local markets in accordance to quality standards, imposing high customs tariffs on imported goods, especially those non-essential goods, and control of border ports.
EFFECT OF ADDING DIFFERENT LEVELS OF DILL SEEDS TO THE DIET ON PHYSIOLOGICAL TRAITS OF BROILERS
Authors:   1Researcher, Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq, walaa.zaier1201a@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq, Shnain Walaa Z. , Ezzat Hasanain N. ,   2Assistant Professor PhD., Department of Animal Production, College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. hasanain.nashat@coagri.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Published: December 2022

This study was conducted in the poultry field of the department of animal production, college of agricultural engineering sciences, university of Baghdad for the period from 10/15/2021 to 11/25/2021 with the aim of showing the effect of adding different levels of dill seeds to the diet on productive and carcass traits For broiler meat. In this study, 200 unsexed broiler chicks of breed (Ross 308) were used, one day age, with a starting weight of 41.46 g. The chicks were randomly distributed to 5 treatments, and each treatment included 4 replicates, 10 birds for each replicate. The birds were fed three diets: the starter diet, the growth diet and the final diet. The experiment treatments were T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5, adding dill seeds at average 0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2%, respectively. The results of the experiment indicated a significantly (P<0.05) excelled in cholesterol concentration at 42 d of age for treatment T4 compared with T2, and treatment T1 compared with treatment T2 in the level of triglycerides. Significantly excelled (P<0.05) was observed when calculating the high-density lipoproteins for the two treatments T3 and T4 compared with T5. Also, treatment T1 excelled on treatment T2 in the concentration of very low-density lipoproteins, and a significant decrease (P<0.01) in the level of MDA at 42 d of age was noted in favor of the addition treatments.
THE ROLE OF EFFLUX PUMP FOR ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN BACTERIA
Authors:   1Lecturer PhD., Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. rana.a@csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq, AL-Lami Rana A. H. , Shehab Zina H. ,   ²Assistant Professor PhD., Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. zinahs_bio@csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq, Almohaidi Asmaa M. S. ,   ³Professor PhD., Department of Biology, College of Science for Women, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq. asmaams_bio@csw.uobaghdad.edu.iq
Published: December 2022

The multi-drug resistant efflux pump is a glycoprotein pump whose function is to push foreign substances. The efflux pump is found in humans, animals. It also has wide-ranging properties in bacteria and fungi. They are found in all species of bacteria, and efflux pump genes can be found in bacterial chromosomes or mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids. The most sensitive function that leads to a global problem is its resistance to antibiotics in bacterial cells, which increases the ability to bacteria from becoming strong virulence factors that most or all antibiotics cannot kill. It also has other important functions. It is related to the defense mechanism of the horse by pushing all harmful substances. This pump is divided into five families. The division depends on the source of energy, symmetry, and the general structure. The major facilitator (MFS) superfamily; the multidrug and toxic compound extrusion (MATE) family and the adenosine-triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC); superfamily the resistance-nodulation-cell division (RND) superfamily and the small multidrug resistance (SMR). The ABC family uses ATP as a source of energy for export, while other flow pumps use the driving force of the proton. These hosts participate in many cellular processes such as intercellular communication, formation of cell membranes, virulence factors of bacterial cell, extrusion of toxic substances, disinfectants, toxic metabolic by-products, and antibiotics. It is also one of the important formations in bacteria that give bacteria the ability to expel antibiotics through various and diverse genes that are located either on the chromosome or plasmid of different pump families. Evidence indicates that the efflux pump has physiological functions in bacteria, and its overexpression has a role in inducing multi-drug resistance and biofilm formation. Hence, the regulation of efflux pump action is an orderly, strict action in response to physiological and environmental signals.
Simulation of Hybrid Mesh Turbomachinery using CFD and Additive Technologies
Authors: Sazonov Yuri A. , Mokhov Mikhail A. , Gryaznova Inna V. , Voronova Victoria V. , Tumanyan Khoren A. , Frankov Mikhail A. , Balaka Nikolay N.
Published: December 2022

This paper develops schematics and evaluates the performance of hybrid mesh turbomachinery at the patenting stage of individual technical solutions. This type of turbomachine uses reduced-sized blades and also forms flow channels with a mesh structure between the blades. The research methods are based on simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and additive technologies. An intermediate conclusion is that a new scientific direction for investigating and creating hybrid mesh turbomachinery equipped with mesh jet control systems was formed to develop Euler's ideas. This paper describes new possibilities for the simultaneous implementation of two workflows in a single impeller: 1) Turbine workflow, and 2) Compressor workflow. Calculation methods showed possible improvements in the performance of the new turbomachines. This paper considers options for mesh turbomachine operation in the two-stage gas generator mode with partial involvement of atmospheric air in the workflow. Preliminary calculations based on examples show that it is possible to expect a two- to four-times increase in thrust when using hybrid mesh turbomachines. Ongoing studies mainly focus on developing multi-mode turbomachinery that works in complicated conditions, such as offshore oil and gas fields, but some research results are applicable in other industries, for example, in developing hybrid propulsion systems or propulsors. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-12-011 Full Text: PDF
The Effect of Nordic Walking Exercise Training on Physical Fitness, Physical Activity Level, Anxiety-Depression and Quality of Life in Smokers: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: ACAR Manolya , YARIMKAYA Nur Sena , TEKİNDAL Mustafa Agah
Published: December 2022

Aim: The aim of study was to investigate effects of nordic walking exercise (NWE) on physical fitness,

physical activity, anxiety-depression level and quality of life in smokers.

Material and Methods: 30 smoking individuals with a mean age of 31.45±12.75 years were assigned

randomly into two groups: NWE (n=15) or control group (n=15). NWE group performed NWE three times

a week for 6 weeks and gradually increasing to 45 min a day. No intervention was made in control group.

The health-related physical fitness level was assessed with arm curl test (upper extremity endurance),

chair sit and stand test (lower extremity endurance), two minutes step test (aerobic endurance), sit and

reach and back scratch test (flexibility), eight foot up and go test (balance), 6-minute walk test (MWT)

(cardiopulmonary endurance). Physical activity levels with International Physical Activity Questionnaire

(IPAQ) short form, anxiety-depression level with Beck Depression Questionnaire, quality of life with

Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) were evaluated. The differences in measurement parameters between

two groups were evaluated by the Mann Whitney U Test since the data distribution was nonparametric.

The distinction between categorical variables were determined by Chi-square test.

Results: 6-MWT distance (p=0.005), two minutes step (p=0.022), IPAQ walking scores (p=0.028)

statistically significant improvements were observed in NWE group. In control group, 6 MWT distance

(p=0.025), two minutes step (p=0.032), sit and reach (p=0.043) scores decreased statistically

significantly. 6 MWT distance (p=0.006), two minutes step (p=0.021), 8 foot up and go (p=0.005),

IPAQ walking (p=0.045), moderate intensity activity (p=0.038), total scores (p=0.013), NHP emotional

(p=0.045), total (p=0.045) scores significantly differed in favor of NWE group.

Conclusion: It is thought that NWE may be effective and alternative exercise approache in increasing

physical fitness, physical activity level and quality of life in smokers and guided to rehabilitation

programme.
Investigation on Demographic Characteristics of Pregnant Patients with Thyroid Dysfunction- Ege University Sample
Authors: ERDOĞAN Mehmet , BAYRAMOVA Günel , ÖZIŞIK Hatice , SUNER Aslı
Published: December 2022

Aim: Thyroid diseases can cause maternal and fetal adversities, and proper diagnosis, follow-up and

treatment during pregnancy requires special attention. In the evaluation of thyroid functions during

pregnancy, free thyroxine (FT4) is used primarily with thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). Our aim is to

investigate the prevalence and the effects of thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy.

Material and Methods: Our study is a prospective study including 960 pregnant women and spanning

from November 2017 to May 2019 in Ege University Endocrinology outpatient clinic.100 pregnant

women with thyroid dysfunction out of 960 pregnant women were included in the study. Maternal

age, gestational trimester, family history of the thyroid disorder, TSH, FT4, free triiodothyronine (FT3),

anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (Anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin antibody (Anti-TG), thyrotropin (TSH)

receptor antibody (TRAb) were collected. The correlations between TSH, FT3 and FT4 were examined.

Results: In the study, the mean age of pregnant patients was 29.33 ± 5.97. Anti-TPO was positive %18 and

Anti-TG was positive (5%). 24 of 100 (24%) patients had nodules. 1 (8.3%) patient with hyperthyroidism

was positive for TRAb. Age differences in patients with or without nodule were not statistically significant.

1 (1%) of the patient had Graves disease, 81 (81%) had subclinical hypothyroidism, 7 (7%) had clinical

hypothyroidism, 11 (11%) had gestational thyrotoxicosis. The frequency of prematurity was determined

in 7 patients (15.6%) by the data of 45 pregnant women who gave birth.

Conclusion: TSH levels in pregnant patients with positivity for anti-TPO and anti-TG were significantly

higher than pregnant patients with negativity for anti-TPO and anti-TG. In addition, the relationship

between thyroid diseases and nodule frequency, autoimmunity, premature birth in pregnant women

were not detected. More comprehensive study series are needed.
APPLICATION OF BENFORD’S LAW ON TRADE VOLUME OF CRYPTOCURRENCIES
Authors: Alexander Ann Mary , Beegam. S Resia
Published: December 2022

Cryptocurrencies have become a global phenomenon and its trading volume has been increasing since 2017 Aloosh and Li (2019). However, cryptocurrencies have been accused of market manipulation in the past. Benford’s law is widely used for detecting probability of frauds and manipulation in various fields. This study applied Benford’s law on trade volume of cryptocurrencies. Chi- square statistics revealed that except for Cardano and USDT all the other cryptocurrencies did not conform to the distribution and reveals the dataset could have been manipulated. This method may be used as the pre-requisite before doing fine-grain screening such as machine learning and graph-based searching.
Common Approach to Impact Measurement: Four Community-Driven Flexible Standards for More Interoperable Impact Data
Authors: Ruff Katherine , Adriaanse Valerie , Richins Alicia , Yule Garth
Published: December 2022

Common Approach to Impact Measurement (Common Approach) is a set of four flexible impact measurement standards designed to empower charities, nonprofits, coops, social purpose businesses (collectively referred to as social purpose organizations or SPOs), and those they serve to identify which impacts are most meaningful. These standards are not designed to make measurement more rigorous or more accurate; rather, they make measurement more useful and interoperable, and, eventually, more attuned to the priorities of those impacted.
Outcomes of open reduction and internal fixation of femur trochanteric fractures with proximal femur anatomical plate
Authors: BAYRAMOĞLU Emru , SOYDAN Zafer
Published: December 2022

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the results of the open reduction and proximal femoral anatomical plate (PFAP) fixation procedure, which we use in the surgical treatment of femoral trochanteric fractures, in terms of the risk
of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) development in the hip joint. Methods: We retrospectively examined the results of 20 patients with open reduction and PFAP fixation out of 117 patients who underwent surgical treatment in
our clinic due to trochanteric femoral fracture. All patients were operated on by the same surgeons using the same surgical method. Bone union was achieved in all of them at a mean follow-up of 22 months. The clinical outcomes
of these patients were assessed using the Lequesne scoring system. Results: There were 14 male and 6 female patients in the study (15 left and 5 right femur fractures). The average age was 48.75 years. The average operative time
was 3.5 days (range: 1–11 days), the average follow-up time was 22 months (range: 10–48 months), and the average time to union was 4.1 months (range: 2.5–5 months). The Lequesne evaluation test score was an average of 4.53 points.
According to the Lequesne scale, 3 of the patients had no risk of osteoarthritis, 8 had mild risk, 6 had moderate risk, 2 had severe risk, and 1 had very serious risk. On average, a mild risk result was found. Conclusion: In trochanteric
fractures, proximal femoral anatomic plate fixation surgery is associated with a low risk for osteoarthritis in the mid-term with a score of 4.53 according to the Lequesne scale.
A rare case of extraosseous Ewing's sarcoma of the kidney accompanied by a gastric adenocarcinoma
Authors: ÇOBAN Soner , SATIR Atilla , BOYACI Çağlar , GÜZELSOY Muhammet , TÜRKOĞLU Ali Rıza , Öztürk Murat , KOÇ Akif , ERKAN Anıl , KILIÇ Metin , AKPINAR Oğuzhan , MUTLU Nazmi
Published: December 2022

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) are most common in the central nervous system. Peripheral placements are extremely rare. PNET is from the Ewing sarcoma family. Ewing's sarcoma is evaluated in two groups: bone and non-bone origin.
Renal PNET is extremely rare. Peripheral PNETs of renal origin are usually seen in young adults, progress with an aggressive clinical picture and have a poor prognosis. in the follow-up imaging of a 62-year-old female patient after
gastrectomy due to stomach cancer (adenocarcinoma), a renal mass was detected incidentally in the left kidney. The patient had no identified complaints. In the middle segment of the left kidney, computed tomography (CT) examination
untracked 42.5x44.6 mm nodular mass lesion which holds hipodens contrast material was noticed. The patient underwent laparoscopic left radical nephrectomy. On pathological examination, a diagnosis of PNET/Ewing sarcoma was made.
Immunohistochemically, membranous/cytoplasmic and nuclear staining with FLI1 and CD99 were observed in the tumor sections. However, staining with LCA was not seen. The patient was scheduled chemotherapy by oncology. At the end
of the fourth course of chemotherapy, no recurrence was found in the radiological controls of the patient.
The Evaluation of Fuzzy Cluster Analysis According to the Number of Hospitals and the Number of Hospital Beds in Provinces in Turkey
Authors: ŞİMŞEK KANDEMİR Aysen , ÇELİK Şenol
Published: December 2022

Özellikle pandemi döneminde sağlık kurumları, sağlık çalışanları ve sağlık kurumlarının kapasitelerinin önemi tüm kamuoyunun yakından takip ettiği konular arasında yer almıştır. Yapılan çalışmada TÜİK verileri kullanılarak Türkiye’de
illerin hastane sayıları ve hastane yatak sayıları bakımından nasıl bir kümelenme gösterdikleri belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Bu amaçla yapılan çalışmada bulanık kümeleme analizi önce hastane sayıları daha sonra hastane yatak sayıları
açısından değerlendirilerek ortaya çıkan kümelenme analiz edilerek değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma sonunda Türkiye’deki iller hastane sayılarına göre “4” ve hastane yatak sayılarına göre ise ”5” küme oluşturduğu görülmüştür. Dikkati
çeken en önemli nokta Ankara ve İstanbul’un hiçbir kümeye üyelik göstermemesi, hem hastane sayısı hem de hastane yatak sayısına göre tam bir bulanık üyelik ortaya koymuş olmasıdır.
The Use Of Emotional Attractiveness In Subliminal Advertising
Authors: YAMAN Fikret , SATICI Gizem Gamze
Published: December 2022

Üreticinin tüketiciden giderek uzaklaşıyor olması düşünüldüğünde son yıllarda reklamın önemi giderek artmaktadır. İnsanlar hayatlarının her anında reklamlarla karşılaşmaktadırlar. Bu nedenle firmalar reklam yaparak tüketiciye daha
kolay ulaşabilmektedir. Reklam verenler reklam sayesinde tüketicileri bilgilendirip, ikna etme çabası içerisindedirler. Reklamlarda bunu yapabilmek için reklamcılar farklı reklam çekiciliklerinden yararlanmaktadırlar. Duygusal
çekicilikler de reklamcıların hedef kitleye ulaşmak için kullandıkları çekiciliklerden biridir. Duygusal çekiciliklerde reklamcılar izleyicilerin duygularına hitap etmekte ve bu sayede hedeflerine ulaşmayı amaçlamaktadırlar. Reklamcılar
duygusal çekiciliği bazen milliyetçilik öğesini kullanarak, bazen cinsellikle, bazen mutluluk, bazen gurur, bazen de duygulara yönelik diğer kavramları kullanarak sağlamaya çalışmaktadırlar. Reklamcılar duygusal çekicilikleri kimi
zaman ise izleyicilerin bilinçaltına yönelik olarak reklam içerisinde kullanırlar. Bilinçaltında izleyici farkında olmadan reklamda verilen mesajı almakta ve bunun sonucunda da bir davranış göstermektedir. Bu davranış satın alma
ya da satın almama şeklinde olabileceği gibi, ürün ya da markaya karşı olumlu ya da olumsuz bir bakış açısı geliştirme şeklinde de olabilmektedir. Çalışmada farklı sektörlerde yer alan firmalara ait televizyonda yayınlanmış olan
on adet reklam incelenmiş olup, bu reklamlarda bilinçaltından ne şekilde yararlanılarak duygusal çekiciliklerin nasıl kullanıldığı ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmada reklamcıların reklamlarda duygusal çekicilikleri, reklamın görselinde
duygusal çekiciliğe ait görüntüye yer vererek ve sloganda duygusal çekiciliğe ait mesaj vererek bilinçaltına yönelik olarak izleyiciye ilettiği sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
New Technology Servies In Smart Cities
Authors: AYDIN Nevin
Published: December 2022

Akıllı bir şehir kavramı ortaya çıktığından beri IoT (Nesnelerin İnterneti) akıllı bir şehirdeki temel altyapı olarak kabul edildi. Nesnelerin İnterneti her yerde ve her şeyi ve herkesi birbirine bağlıyor. Nesnelerin İnterneti Hizmetleri
ve IoT Ürün Tasarımları, önemli ölçüde daha yüksek düzeyde tasarım ve teknoloji ortaklığı talep ediyor. Akıllı şehirler, verileri toplamak ve analiz etmek için bağlı sensörler, ışıklar ve sayaçlar gibi IoT cihazlarını kullanır.
Şehirler daha sonra bu verileri altyapıyı, kamu hizmetlerini ve daha fazlasını geliştirmek için kullanır. Akıllı Şehir, vatandaşlara sunulan hizmetlerin kalitesini artıran ve süreçlerin daha verimli olmasını sağlayan akıllı teknolojilerle
yönetiliyor.
Pre-marital Sexual Behavior of Adolescents: The Influence of Self-Control, Parental Attachment, and Peer Roles
Authors: Malihah Zahro , Latifah Melly , Hastuti Dwi
Published: December 2022

Pre-marital sexual behavior in adolescents is influenced by personal, family, and environmental factors, including peer groups. This study aims to analyze the influence of adolescent-parental attachment, self-control, and the role of peers on the pre-marital sexual behavior of high school/vocational high school adolescents. This explanatory research was conducted purposively at SMA and SMK in Bogor city. Data collection was carried out voluntarily using a questionnaire via google form in January 2022. Respondents in this study were 245 teenagers who had unmarried criteria and still had intact parents. The results showed that the majority of adolescent pre-marital sexual behavior was in the "never" category (86.7%), only 1.6% were included in the "always" category. Furthermore, most adolescents have moderate self-control (48.6%), almost half (44.9%) have an attachment to their father in the "moderate" category, more than half of adolescent-mother attachments are in the "good" category (50.6%), while almost half of in the "very good" category in positive peer roles (47.8%). In addition, it was revealed that there was a negative influence between the role of peers and the tendency of pre-marital sexual behavior.
Front Matter
Authors: Seminar Annisa Utami
Published: December 2022

Front Matter - JSKPM Vol. 06 No. 05 Oktober 2022
Back Matter
Authors: Seminar Annisa Utami
Published: December 2022

Back Matter - JSKPM Vol. 06 No. 05 Oktober 2022
Elämäni on muuttunut kokonaan
Authors: Aarva Pauliina , Väänänen Tiina , Kankkunen Tiia-Tuulia
Published: December 2022

Luontaishoidot, joita kutsutaan myös täydentäviksi ja vaihtoehtoisiksi hoidoiksi tai perinnehoidoiksi, jakavat voimakkaasti mielipiteitä yhteiskunnassamme. 2000-luvulla hoidoille on vaadittu kahdenlaista sääntelyä, yhtäältä rajoittavaa lakia ja toisaalta lainsäädäntöä niiden käytön helpottamiseksi. Julkinen keskustelu on painottanut tutkimusnäytön puutetta ja vaihtoehtohoitojen potentiaalisia vaaroja. .
 
Tutkimuksessa selvitettiin sisällönanalyysin keinoin, mitä luontaishoitojen käyttäjien perustelut hoitojen käytölleen ja niistä saadulle avulle kertovat luontaishoitokulttuurista, joka on osa laajempaa terveyskulttuurin kenttä. Tutkimusaineisto käsitti 5366 kirjallista vastausta kysymykseen luontaishoitojen tuomasta avusta vastaajille. Kysymys esitettiin oikeusministeriön ylläpitämässä Otakantaa.fi-verkkopalvelun luontaishoitokyselyssä 8.10.–15.12.2021.
 
Tulokset vahvistavat aikaisempia tutkimustuloksia luontaishoitojen koetuista hyödyistä vaivojen hoidossa ja tuesta elämäntapamuutoksille. Perustelut luontaishoitojen käytölle ja niistä avun saannille tiivistyvät kolmeen perustelutyyppiin, jotka ovat vetoaminen käytännössä havaittuihin, arjessa koettuihin hyötyihin, tyytymättömyyteen terveydenhuollosta saatuun apuun ja viittaaminen kokonaisvaltaiseen hoitotapaan.
 
Käyttäjien perustelut kertovat terveyskulttuurimme monimuotoisuudesta. Aineiston mukaan käyttäjien näkemykset luontaishoidoista ovat myönteisempiä kuin julkisessa keskustelussa pinnalla olleet kannanotot hoitojen mahdollisesta haitallisuudesta. Vaikka kiistellyt hoidot sijoittuvat virallisen terveydenhuollon marginaaliin, niillä on luontaishoitokulttuurissa selkeä ja arvostettu paikka lääketieteellisten hoitojen rinnalla. Tutkimustulokset tuovat esiin luontaishoitojen käyttäjien näkökulmia hoitoja koskeviin yhteiskunnallisiin kiistoihin ja lisäävät terveyskulttuurisen erilaisuuden ymmärtämistä.