bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adult Education and Community Development as Strategies for Mitigating the Challenges of Family Life Education in Rivers State
Authors: Igwe Dr Mrs Alice , Alexander Dr Ezechinnah, Chukwuma
Published: May 2023

Adult Education and Community Development compliments each other in the bid to ameliorate and alleviate the living conditions of people. In developing countries where many people are living in rural communities, they are veritable instruments par excellence for tackling illiteracy, ignorance and diseases. To this end, the collaboration of government agencies, non-government organizations, communities and community-based organizations toward development programmes is therefore inevitable. This paper examined the concept of adult education, community development, family life and their complimentary roles. It also looked at some programmes capable of stimulating and sustaining family life education. The paper recommended amongst others that, there should be full and active participation of family members and in extension community members in planning and execution of adult education programmes that will improve family life education and that Government at all levels should periodically organize adult education programmes and sensitization workshops for her citizens. It concluded that adult education and community development as strategies for mitigating the challenges of family life education can only be achieved when a deliberate attempt from community members to work together in order to guide the future of their communities and the design of a corresponding set of methods for assisting members of the community in such a process as to enhance their well-being and aspirations.
Creative Perspectives of Articulating Musical Messages for Educational Purposes in a Media Context / Perspective creatoare ale articulării mesajelor muzicale cu scop educativ în context media
Authors:   Partium Christian University, Oradea, Csákány Csilla
Published: May 2023

In our contemporary culture, a kind of common agreement between the participants interested in music education is beginning to emerge in terms of recognizing the importance of revaluation of technical and media means in promoting and receiving music culture optimally. In this study we try to outline various creative ideas on two levels of development - cognitive and socio-emotional - in the hope that our thoughts can inspire the work of those interested and involved in using these means and resources in music education.
CARACTERÍSTICAS DAS TRANSAÇÕES DE AVICULTORES SUL-MATO-GROSSENSES E A INDÚSTRIA AVÍCOLA
Authors: Oliveira Gustavo Magalhaes de , Caleman Silvia Morales de Queiroz
Published: May 2023

Na Economia das Organizações é cada vez mais frequente a utilização da Economia de Custos de Transação (ECT) e os custos de mensuração perante a variabilidade das formas de governança. Entretanto, essa avaliação carece de uma visão teórica com base em um conceito sólido. Portanto, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo principal apresentar empiricamente o conceito de Tolerância Organizacional no sistema agroindustrial (SAG) de aves de Mato Grosso do Sul. A pesquisa é descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, além de ser embasada em 33 observações com questionários semiestruturados. O principal resultado encontrado é a baixa tolerância organizacional do SAG, ou seja, a dependência de poucos modos de governança. Porém, os agentes analisados são totalmente dependentes dos contratos de integração, visto que estes são utilizados de maneira exclusiva para a coordenação do sistema produtivo. Com isso, a contribuição da pesquisa é visualizada através da aplicação empírica de constructos teóricos embasados na diversidade de formas de governança.
ANÁLISE DAS FORÇAS, FRAQUEZAS, OPORTUNIDADES E AMEAÇAS PARA OS CONDOMÍNIOS DE ARMAZÉNS RURAIS
Authors: Gaban Filippi Amanda Cristina , Guarnieri Patricia , Carvalho José Márcio , Borges de Souza Cleonice , Cruz José Elenilson
Published: May 2023

O cenário atual globalizado e com intensas mudanças necessita que as organizações se atualizem constantemente em busca de ferramentas para se manterem competitivas. O objetivo desse trabalho é identificar as forças, fraquezas, oportunidades e ameaças para a nova forma de organização rural que se denomina Condomínios de Armazéns Rurais através da técnica de análise SWOT - Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities e Threats. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa aplicada, exploratório-descritiva e qualitativa, Foram utilizados como procedimentos técnicos a revisão de literatura, o estudo de múltiplos casos e a análise SWOT. A coleta de dados ocorreu por meio de entrevistas com produtores rurais, proprietários de condomínios situados na Região Sul do Brasil, observação direta e também via análise documental. Os resultados permitiram identificar claramente e objetivamente as oportunidades e ameaças do ambiente externo, assim como as forças e fraquezas do ambiente interno para os Condomínios de Armazéns Rurais. Esse trabalho contribui ao demonstrar como a utilização de uma ferramenta de análise estratégica pode auxiliar os produtores rurais na tomada de decisão, com a literatura que é escassa para os Condomínios Rurais, e, sugere-se uma agenda de pesquisa para trabalhos futuros.
RESPONSABILIDADE SOCIAL EMPRESARIAL: MERO DISCURSO OU AÇÕES EFETIVAS EM PROL DO DESENVOLVIMENTO?
Authors: Lorenzi Jr. David , Arend Silvio Cezar
Published: May 2023

Este estudo propôs um modelo de avaliação das práticas de Responsabilidade Social Empresarial (RSE) a partir da revisão da literatura sobre o tema. A avaliação do modelo tomou como referência empresas e entidades premiadas pelo Prêmio de Responsabilidade Social da Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul em 2012. Os resultados demonstram que a maioria das empresas e entidades desenvolvem práticas de RSE basicamente conforme as exigências legais. Percebeu-se um discurso positivo dos entrevistados sobre RSE, entretanto, na prática, o que se notou é que as práticas pouco contribuem para o desenvolvimento da sociedade em que estão localizadas. Algumas empresas têm ações mais avançadas, mas mesmo estas são pontuais e os administradores têm percepções diferentes sobre o conceito de RSE. Concluiu-se que o modelo proposto é adequado à avaliação das práticas reportadas pelas empresas e, salvo casos pontuais, as práticas de RSE estão aquém do que realmente pode ser realizado.
ANALISIS JOB PERFORMANCE PETUGAS SURVEILANS KESEHATAN (GASURKES) DALAM UPAYA PENGENDALIAN DBD DI KOTA SEMARANG
Authors: Hidhayanti Hayyu Naafi
Published: May 2023

Abstrak
Tenaga Surveilans Kesehatan (Gasurkes) DBD yaitu petugas yang direkrut oleh Dinas Kesehatan Kota Semarang untuk mengendalikan DBD di Kota Semarang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui job performance petugas surveilans kesehatan (Gasurkes) DBD di Kota Semarang, variabel yang terkait yaitu deskripsi pekerjaan, review kinerja, motivasi, insentif, pengetahuan dan keterampilan. Jenis penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif, dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Teknik sampling menggunakan total sampling, sebanyak 172 Gasurkes DBD. Data diperoleh dari pengisian kuesioner oleh Gasurkes DBD sesuai dengan penilaian dirinya. Kuesioner menggunakan skala Guttman dan skala Likert. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan presentasi variabel dengna kriteria baik yaitu: deskripsi pekerjaan (58,7%), review kinerja (64,5%), motivasi (72,7%), insentif (54,7%), pengetahuan (79,1%), dan keterampilan (70,3%). Tidak ada hubungan antara deskripsi pekerjaan dengan kinerja Gasurkes DBD (p-value = 0,104), ada hubungan antara review kinerja dengan kinerja Gasurkes DBD (p-value = 0,024), ada hubungan antara motivasi dengan kinerja Gasurkes DBD (p-value = 0,046),  ada hubungan antara insentif dengan kinerja Gasurkes DBD (p-value = 0,001), tidak ada hubungan antara pengetahuan dengan kinerja Gasurkes DBD (p-value = 0,1000) dan tidak ada hubungan antara keterampilan dengan kinerja Gasurkes DBD (p-value = 0,334) dalam pengendalian DBD di Kota Semarang. motivasi (p-value = 0,037 dan nilai exp (?) = 2,192) dan insentif  (p-value = 0,001 dan nilai exp (?)= 3,048) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kinerja Gasurkes DBD dalam pengenalian DBD di Kota Semarang. Untuk itu diharapkan motivasi dan insentif dapat ditingkatkan dan dijadikan faktor dalam meningkatkan kinerja Gasurkes DBD di Kota Semarang.
 
Kata kunci : Job performance, surveilans kesehatan (Gasurkes), DBD
STUDI KASUS ASUHAN KEPERAWATAN PADA PASIEN DENGAN STROKE NON HEMORAGIK DI RUMAH SAKIT HERMINA BEKASI
Authors: Wahyuni Ening , Darmawan Indriyani , Anugrahwati Ria
Published: May 2023

Stroke Non Hemoragik merupakan Stroke yang disebabkan karena terjadinya penyumbatan pembuluh darah di otak oleh thrombosis atau emboli sehingga suplai glukosa dan oksigen ke otak berkurang.Seseorang yang mengalami Stroke Non Haemoragik dapat mengalami  pusing ,hemiplegia, serta gangguan menelan.Melalui  Asuhan keperawatan pada pasien stroke dilakukan  monitoring tingkat kesadaran pasien, melatih kekuatan otot,  serta membantu pemenuhan kehidupan sehari-hari.Tujuan dilakukan studi kasus ini adalah untuk untuk mengetahui gambaran asuhan keperawatan pada pasien stroke di ruang rawat inap. Studi kasus ini adalah deskriptif yang berorientasi pada metode pendekatan proses keperawatan. Kegiatan studi kasus ini dilakukan pada tanggal 28 - 30 Maret 2022 di Ruang rawat Inap RS. Hermina Bekasi. Subjek kasus ini adalah Ny. G dengan diagnosa Stroke Non Haemoragik. Hasil studi kasus menunjukan bahwa pengelolaan asuhan keperawatan pada masalah keperawatan gangguan perfusi jaringan serebral, ditandai dengan pusing dan tekanan darah meningkat 160/90 mmHg. Masalah keperawatan yang telah teratasi antara lain: gangguan perfusi jaringan cerebral dan gangguan mobilitas fisik. Masalah keperawatan yang belum teratasi adalah gangguan menelan, dikarenakan pasien belum dapat menelan dan masih menggunakan NGT. Tindakan yang dilakukan oleh perawat antara lain : memonitor tingkat kesadaran, Tanda – tanda vital, memberi posisi semi fowler, ROM dan melibatkan keluarga dalam melakukan mobilisasi sederhana. Rekomendasi tindakan keperawatan pemberian posisi semi fowler dan ROM efektif untuk meningkatan kesembuhan pasien stroke.
Optimalisasi Jumlah Ideal Ternak Sapi Dalam Usaha Penggemukan Sapi Skala Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus Kelompok Tani Ternak Rejeki Lumintu, Dusun Kaum Desa Sumurrejo, Kecamatan Gungupati, Kota Semarang, Jateng)
Authors: Kuwatno Kuwatno , AK Agoes Thony
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur jumlah ideal ternak sapi yang ideal dalam usaha penggemukan sapi skala rumah tangga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dengan menentukan populasi secara sengaja (purposive sampling), yaitu kelompok peternak sapi secara komunal. Pengumpulan data dengan cara sensus, melalui wawancara dengan questioner dan observasi. Dari hasil observasi, jenis sapi yang digemukkan sangat bervariasi sehingga pendapatan peternak juga sangat berbeda antara satu sama lain. Jumlah ternak ideal diukur tanpa membedakan jenis sapi dengan mebandingkan hasil usaha penggemukan sapi terhadap Pendapatan Ideal yang dihitung dua kali Upah Minimum Regional (UMR) Kota Semarang untuk dua orang (Suami istri-skala rumah tangga). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap ekor sapi setelah dipelihara lebih kurang 1 tahun menghasilkan pendapatan bersih Rp. 13.648.194,- sedangkan  Upah Minimum Kabuapten ungaran Rp. 2.835.021,29 (2.835.021,29 x 2 x 12 = 68.040.510,96); dengan demikian jumlah ternak ideal adalah 5 (lima) ekor.
Increased plasma endostatin and GDF15 in indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Authors: Hidman Josefin , Larsson Anders , Thulin Måns , Karlsson Torbjörn
Published: May 2023

Background: Increased microvascular density correlates with more advanced disease and unfavorable overall survival in non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), suggesting that angiogenesis is important for disease progression. However, studies of anti-angiogenic agents in NHL patients, have generally not shown favorable outcomes. The aim of this study was to investigate whether plasma levels of a subset of angiogenesis-associated proteins are increased in indolent B-cell derived NHL (B-NHL) and to investigate whether the levels differ between patients with asymptomatic versus symptomatic disease.

Methods: Plasma levels of growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15), endostatin, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9), neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), long pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and galectin 3 (GAL-3) were measured by ELISA in 35 patients with symptomatic indolent B-NHL, 41 patients with asymptomatic disease, and 62 healthy controls. Bootstrap t-tests were used to assess the relative differences in biomarker levels between groups. Group differences were visualized using a principal component plot.

Results: Mean plasma endostatin and GDF15 levels were significantly higher in symptomatic and asymptomatic lymphoma patients than in controls. Symptomatic patients had higher mean MMP9 and NGAL than controls.

Conclusions: The finding of increased plasma endostatin and GDF15 in patients with asymptomatic indolent B-NHL suggests that increased angiogenic activity is an early event in indolent B-NHL disease progression.
Autorrealización estudiantil en pandemia: Estudio de trayectorias escolares exitosas
Authors: Belykh Anna , Jiménez-Vásquez Mariela Sonia
Published: May 2023

Este reporte parcial de resultados de una investigación postdoctoral en curso aborda la evaluación diagnóstica de la autorrealización estudiantil durante pandemia, un acercamiento desde el saber ser entendido como resiliencia y bienestar. Participó una muestra de estudiantes del área de la educación de una universidad pública mexicana (N=122) al contestar una encuesta en línea sobre algunos aspectos de su trayecto en la adversidad de la pandemia por SARS-CoV-2. Todos contaron con trayectorias escolares continuas. Los resultados fueron analizados en función de los dos conceptos clave contrastando los niveles educativos de licenciatura y de posgrado. Los hallazgos principales muestran incremento significativo de cualidades resilientes con una dinámica paralela, siendo los más bajos los resultados de los estudiantes de Doctorado. En cuanto al bienestar, mostró tendencias de intensificación emocional, con la única excepción de las emociones eudaimónicas negativas en los estudiantes de Doctorado. Estos hallazgos señalan el interés en investigar la relación entre la autorrealización y la emotividad eudaimónica, especialmente el alcance de la emotividad negativa en la estimulación de crecimiento personal.
Preparación organizacional para implementar sistemas de apoyo en múltiples niveles en salud mental escolar
Authors: Rojas-Andrade Rodrigo , Prosser Bravo Gabriel , Aranguren Zurita Samuel
Published: May 2023

La salud mental escolar se basa en Sistemas de Apoyo de Múltiples Niveles. Para implementarlos con éxito, las escuelas deben estar preparadas. Sin embargo, las investigaciones han puesto escasa atención a este proceso. El propósito de este estudio fue analizar la preparación organizacional para implementar estos sistemas en escuelas públicas por parte de directivos y profesionales de la intervención psicosocial (e.g. psicólogos y trabajadores sociales) en un distrito escolar de Chile. Participaron 178 personas de 54 establecimientos educacionales públicos. Se aplicó vía online la Escala de Disposición Organizacional para la Implementación del Cambio y la Encuesta de Determinantes de la Implementación. Se encontró un nivel alto de compromiso con la implementación, pero un bajo nivel de capacidades para llevar a cabo los cambios. En cuanto a la implementación, se halló que los profesionales psicosociales perciben un bajo nivel de habilitación técnica en comparación con su capacidad de coordinación, como también un bajo apoyo percibido por parte de la comunidad educativa. En todas las dimensiones, las puntuaciones de los directivos fueron mayores. Se discute que las escuelas aún no están preparadas para implementar Sistemas de Apoyo de Múltiples Niveles, y que es necesario invertir en mayores soportes de implementación y en instancias que permitan cerrar la brecha entre la percepción que tienen los directores y el personal.
Abordando las crisis con Aprendizaje Servicio: Viralicemos el cuidado ante el desgaste por COVID-19
Authors: Rosati Antonia , Daher Marianne , Del Río Alejandro , González Pablo , Palma Gustavo
Published: May 2023

Se presenta una intervención pedagógica de Aprendizaje Servicio universitario realizada durante la primera ola de la crisis sanitaria por COVID-19, en el curso "Desgaste y cuidado en intervención social" de la formación profesional en psicología comunitaria de una universidad chilena. A partir de diversos insumos teóricos y empíricos, así como de los requerimientos de tres socios comunitarios, se reconoció la necesidad de abordar la salud mental y el desgaste en la docencia online, el teletrabajo y los encuentros interpersonales virtuales, realizándose cuatro infografías que tuvieron como objetivos promover una mirada integral y crítica del desgaste, y favorecer el cuidado en dichos espacios durante períodos de confinamiento. Se describe el proceso de elaboración y los contenidos de las infografías, las estrategias de divulgación, y la evaluación de la intervención. Como conclusiones, se reflexiona sobre la posibilidad de realizar Aprendizaje Servicio en contextos de crisis y sobre su contribución para abordarlas, así como sobre la importancia de favorecer el aprendizaje integral de los/as estudiantes, destacándose aportes de la psicología comunitaria.
Implementasi Kurikulum Merdeka Belajar Dengan Blended Learning Pada Pembelajaran Dasar-Dasar Kuliner
Authors: Purwanti Heni , Nurwati Nani
Published: May 2023

Kurikulum merdeka belajar dengan fokus memberi kesempatan kepada siswa santai, tenang, senang, tidak stres dan tidak merasa tertekan, menunjukkan karakter yang baik dan bakat alami yang dimiliki oleh siswa selama proses pembelajaran berlangsung. Penelitian dengan rumusan masalah apakah implementasi kurikulum merdeka belajar dengan menerapkan blended learning antara project based learning (PjBL) dengan role play dapat mewujudkan pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, santai, tenang, senang, tidak stres dan tertekan dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran mata pelajaran Dasar-Dasar Kejuruan Kuliner. Tujuan penelitian adalah penerapan blended learning PjBL dengan role play dalam implementasi kurikulum merdeka belajar pada pembelajaran Dasar-Dasar Kejuruan Kuliner. Penerapan blended learning pada pembelajaran dasar-dasar kuliner yaitu memadukan penugasan media chart dengan menuliskan produk yang dijual berupa materi pembelajaran dilanjutkan bermain peran sebagai penjual produk tersebut.   Berdasar hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa blended learning PjBL dan role play dapat memberikan suasana pembelajaran yang menyenangkan, santai tetapi siswa memberikan hasil belajar yang baik sebanyak 97,22% jumlah siswa atau 35 siswa mendapatkan nilai 80 keatas dan 2,78% atau sebanyak 1 siswa dengan nilai 70. Nilai rata-rata kelas sebesar 86,39, nilai tertinggi 90, nilai terendah 70 dapat dikatakan bahwa blended learning PjBL dengan role play dapat diterapkan pada pembelajaran Dasar-Dasar Kuliner kelas X Kurikulum Merdeka.
Penerapan Metode TTW Berbantuan E-LKPD untuk Meningkatkan Keterampilan Menulis dan Hasil Belajar Materi Surat Pribadi
Authors: Susilowati Agustin
Published: May 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan penerapan metode Think Talk Write (TTW) berbantuan E-LKPD untuk  meningkatkan keterampilan menulis dan hasil belajar materi surat pribadi peserta didik kelas XI IPA 2 di SMA Negeri 11 Yogyakarta tahun ajaran 2021/2022. Penelitian ini merupakan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) dengan tahapan yang merujuk pada alur penelitian yang dikemukakan Kemmis dan McTaggart (1988), yaitu perencanaan (planning), tindakan (acting), pengamatan (observing), dan refleksi (reflecting). Metode TTW Berbantuan E-LKPD dilaksanakan dengan mengikuti tahapan 1) berpikir (think); 2) berbicara (talk); dan 3) menulis (write). Hasil tindakan menunjukkan semua indikator keterampilan menulis meningkat di siklus 2. Rerata indikator isi teks meningkat 3,42 poin dari 90,83 menjadi 94,25 di siklus 2. Indikator organisasi teks meningkat 3,86 poin dari 88,58 menjadi 92,44 di siklus 2. Indikator kosakata meningkat 3,19 poin dari 87,53 menjadi 90,72 di siklus 2. Indikator tata bahasa meningkat sebesar 27,36 poin dari 58,97 menjadi 86,33 di siklus 2. Sedangkan indikator mekanisme penulisan meningkat 5,75 poin dari 86,06 menjadi 91,81 di siklus 2. Data hasil belajar menunjukkan bahwa rerata hasil belajar peserta didik meningkat 9 poin dari 75,92 menjadi 84,92 di siklus 2. Persentase ketuntasan kelas meningkat 19,45 poin dari 69,44%, menjadi 88,89% di siklus 2. Sedangkan persentase ketidaktuntasan kelas menurun sebesar 19,45 poin dari 30,56%, menjadi 11,11% di siklus 2.
Learning Community Mampu Meningkatkan Kemampuan Literasi TIK Guru pada Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh
Authors: Astuti Harni
Published: May 2023

Tindakan ini dilakukan saat penulis masih bertugas di SD Negeri Giripeni. Data penelitian awal menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan literasi TIK guru SD Negeri Giripeni masih rendah. TIK belum dilihat oleh sebagian guru sebagai bagian yang signifikan dalam Pembelajaran Jarak Jauh (PJJ). Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah mengimplementasikan Learning Community (LC) untuk meningkatkan kompetensi TIK para guru pada saat PJJ. Penelitian ini menggunakan Penelitian Tindakan Sekolah (PTS) yang dilaksanakan dalam dua siklus. Subyek penelitian adalah enam orang guru kelas. Bahan penelitian diperoleh dengan mengamati pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Hasil dari setiap siklus dianalisis kemudian dijadikan acuan untuk kegiatan selanjutnya. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis persentase deskriptif. Tingkat keberhasilan kinerja guru adalah ketika proporsi guru yang memiliki keterampilan TIK kategori PJJ baik sudah mencapai 80 persen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa skor kompetensi TIK guru PJJ SD Negeri Giripeni dalam melaksanakan pembelajaran adalah 74 (cukup) pada siklus 1 dan 86 (baik) pada siklus 2. Komunitas Belajar SD Negeri Giripeni adalah pembelajaran guru-ke-guru, pengalaman dibagi dengan orang lain, berkolaborasi dengan orang lain untuk menciptakan pembelajaran yang lebih baik dari diri sendiri dan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan TIK guru di PJJ.
Role of Patient Feedback in Better Medical Care
Authors: Slehria Atiq ur Rehman
Published: May 2023

Patient satisfaction and experience are important indicators for measuring healthcare quality. The recent widespread use of patientexperience surveys in healthcare settings is based on the fact that feedback has a potentially important role in improving the quality of care, affects clinical outcomes and timely, efficient, patient-centred delivery of quality health. Research into patient experience feedback is a relatively recent phenomenon that began in the 1990s.1 Research into how healthcare providers use this data to improve services is at an early stage. Recent systematic research on patient experience and feedback collection was held at the Armed Forces Institute of Radiology & Imaging (AFIRI), providing evidence to influence debate, policy and practice on patient feedback data.
Relationship of Demographic Variables and Level of Disease Awareness Among Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients; a Tertiary Care Hospital Study
Authors: Shahzadi Sobia , Samreen Saba , Salim Babur , Mushtaq Samina , Khan Zafar Ayub , Nasim Amjad
Published: May 2023

Objective: To determine the relationship between demographic variables and the level of disease awareness among patients of Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Study Design: Cross-sectional study

Place and Duration of Study: Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Mar 2019 to Jan 2020.

Methodology: The study included 150 patients, diagnosed with systemic lupus erythematosus according to SLICC criteria. A self-made questionnaire was used, including three sets of questions. The first set collected information on socio-demographic characteristics, and the second set gathered information regarding the symptoms and treatment. While, the third was based on aetiology, aspects of life affected and sources of disease knowledge.

Results: A total of 150 participants' data was analysed; the majority of those were females. The mean age was 36.19±12.08 years and 17.3% of the patients had adequate knowledge of the disease. There were no statistically significant differences in awareness based on gender, education level and geographical distribution.

Conclusion: SLE is a two-pronged sword that affects patients' mental and physical health. Patient awareness remains an important aspect of disease management which is currently not emphasized appropriately. At the community and national levels, measures must be taken to promote and create awareness regarding SLE.
Intra-Observer Variation of Space Available in the Mandibular Dental Arch by Two Different Measuring Tools-Vernier Calliper and Brass Wire with a Millimetre Ruler
Authors: Shahid Rooma , Jan Abdullah , Fazal Ayesha , Mughal Alaina Tariq , Ghaffar Fareena , Mehmood Sundas
Published: May 2023

Objective: To check the variation of space available in the mandibular dental arch using different tools, i.e., Vernier caliper and brass wire with a millimeter ruler.

Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Orthodontics, Armed Forces Institute of Dentistry (AFID), Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Sep to Dec 2019.

Methodology: Seventy-five dental casts of patients, with an age range between 12-25 years were included in the study. The variation of the space available using two different measuring tools (Vernier calliper and brass wire with millimetre ruler) in the mandibular arch was determined by the same observer to assess random and systematic errors. The examiner recorded the measurements, and then the same examiner repeated the measurements after ten days by taking two readings each using the blinding technique to minimize bias. Random and systematic errors were analyzed with the use of two methods.

Results: Systematic errors were found to be significant with brass wire with millimetre ruler method only (p-value=0.02). For random errors, the Vernier calliper can be considered a better method to measure reproducibility and repeatability. However, brass wire with a millimetre ruler method can be considered better for measuring repeatability than reproducibility since the value to measure random errors was less than 1mm but in the upper limits (p-value=0.091).

Conclusion: In the current study, it is concluded that the Vernier calliper is more precise in measuring the readings in orthodontics for arch space measurement than that of brass wire with a millimetre ruler. However, brass wire
Scale on Stress among Parents having only Daughters: Developing a Reliable Measure
Authors: Riaz Saima , Fatima Safoora , Aslam Misbah , Salma Umme
Published: May 2023

Objective: To develop a reliable scale to measure stress among parents with only daughters.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat Pakistan, from May to Jul 2019.

Methodology: The study was conducted on parents who have only daughters. A pool of 59 items was created through brainstorming sessions and an intensive literature review. Afterwards, 42 items were retained through meticulous evaluation and assessment of experts. Subsequently, a scale was administered to 242 respondents who were selected through a purposive sampling technique. All the items were retained because of their high correlation with item total (r≥0.5). Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) proceeded for structure exploration and confirmation. Furthermore, the reliability of the scale was established.

Results: EFA led to five factors encompassing 36 items. Moreover, CFA was carried out, and the model fit summary showed some indices in good ranges (RFI=0.923, NFI=0.940, GFI=0.928) while some in excellent ranges (CFI=0.970, IFI= 0.971, TLI=0.962) after the deletion of 22 items with significance p-value (0.001). The reliability of the scale was 0.93, while the reliability of the subscale ranges from 0.81 to 0.88.

Conclusion: A reliable scale to measure Stress among parents having only daughters was successfully developed with 14 items casing four subscales.
Association of Various Factors in Terms of Pathological Response in Breast Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy
Authors: Zargham Anum , Ahmad Riaz , Bangash Mussavir Hussain , Tufail Umair , . Ibtisam , Babar Anil
Published: May 2023

Objective: To analyze the association of various factors in terms of pathological response among breast cancer patients.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Oncology Department, Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jan 2019 to Jun 2020.

Methodology: This study was conducted on 82 female patients with advanced breast cancer who required neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical tumour resection. The pathological response was classed as complete, partial, and no response based on histological findings on resected tumour sample. In addition, the age of the patient, stage of disease at presentation, intrinsic (molecular) subtypes and pathological subtype were the factors correlated with response to treatment in the target population.

Results: A total of 82 female patients were included in the final analysis. The mean age of the patients was 47.421±8.857 years. 27(32.9%) had a complete pathological response, 34(41.5%) had partial, and 21(25.6%) had no response to the neoadjuvant therapy. Intrinsic subtypes of the tumour were statistically significantly associated with pathological response to neoadjuvant therapy (p-value<0.05) in our study participants.

Conclusion: Considerable number of patients with advanced breast cancer showed pathological responses to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. In addition, intrinsic subtyping significantly predicted pathological response to therapy in our patients, with triple-negative patients having more chances of complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography in the Detection of Choledocholith, taking Post-Operative findings as the Gold Standard
Authors: Javaid Ayesha , Mahmood Rashid , Ullah Hidayat , Shafiq Mazhar , Dildar Nazia , Abbas Ghulam
Published: May 2023

Objective: To assess the diagnostic accuracy of Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) in the detection of Choledocholith, taking post-operative findings as the gold standard.

Study Design: Cross-sectional validation study

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Kharian Pakistan, from Jan 2020 to Jan 2021.

Methodology: Patients presenting with sonographic evidence of choledocholithiasis without any contraindications for magnetic resonance imaging were subjected to MRCP after informed consent. The patients who underwent surgery were followed up, and their per-operative findings were compared with the radiological findings of MRCP.

Results: A total of 87 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 37.04±10.49 years (range of 22-65 years). The sensitivity for MRCP was 95%, specificity was 73.33%, positive predictive value (PPV) was 93.44%, and negative predictive value was 78.57%. The diagnostic accuracy for MRCP was found to be 90.66%.

Conclusion: The study shows that magnetic resonance cholangio-pancreatography is an effective imaging modality in diagnosing choledocholithiasis.
Face Mask Compliance and Complacency amongst Pakistan’s Youth During the Third Wave of COVID-19
Authors: Kakalia Spenta , Saif Saba , Butt Shehreena Zabreen , Ibrahim Maryam , Siddique Muhammad , Malik Rahat
Published: May 2023

Objective: To assess the reasons for compliance with face mask usage amongst Pakistani youth.

Study Design: Internet-based cross-sectional survey.

Place and Duration of Study: Different cities of Pakistan, in April 2021.

Methodology: Persons currently residing in Pakistan aged 18-29 were included in the study. The questionnaire included questions to identify self-perceptions of vulnerability to COVID-19, followed by questions about social situations where respondents wore facemasks.

Results: A large number of (1,034,90%) respondents reported compliance with facemasks. Specifically, 1048(92%), 962(85%), and 850(75%) of respondents wore facemasks in healthcare facilities, marketplaces, or at work or school respectively. Nevertheless, when self-regulating, such as with family or around friends, compliance fell to 200(18%). Compliance turns to complacency when people are expected to self-regulate face mask usage. Females were more compliant than males (p<0.001). A large 779(68%) of compliant youth relied on information from Internet-based resources.

Conclusion: The study correlates the reasons for compliance and complacency. In Pakistan, the most compliant youth get information from the Internet, particularly official websites and social media.
A Survey of National Practices of Anaesthesia for Live Donor Renal Transplantation
Authors: Rana Sumbal , Munir Ali Arslan , Zafar Rafiq , Wahid Faisal , Rizvi Syed Ehtasham Haider , Yasrab Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Objective: To compare the institutional practices among patients undergoing living-related renal transplants in different hospitals throughout Pakistan.

Study Design: Cross-sectional survey.

Place and Duration of Study: Armed Forces of Institute of Urology, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2020 to Jan 2021.

Methodology: Pakistan's leading kidney transplant centres were sent data electronically to ask about their anaesthetic practices. The methodology adopted was a simple questionnaire model that included 26 questions encompassing all the steps the anaesthesia team took for renal transplant. Uniformity in anaesthetic practices was expected in large centres through rigorous training and workload management. The teams responded according to their standard operating procedures and compared their answers using statistical formulas.

Results: Nine out of 11(81.8%) institutes responded. Marked heterogeneity in Anaesthesia practices was found among different institutes. Only 2(18.2%) institutes had Anaesthesia guidelines for a kidney transplant.

Conclusion: There is a need for centralized country-specific homogeneous guidelines for Anaesthesia for the kidney transplant to improve outcomes.
Comparison of Hemodynamic Changes after Intubation with Macintosh and McCoy Laryngoscopes–A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Qarni Muhammad Awais , Nisar Salma , Alam Fawad , Mehmood Tariq , Ali Mashooque , Nisar Sarah
Published: May 2023

Objective: To compare hemodynamic changes (systolic blood pressure and pulse) after intubation with Macintosh and McCoy laryngoscopes.

Study Design: Randomised control trial (Clinicaltrials.gov: NCT05133375)

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Jhelum Pakistan, from Apr to Oct 2021.

Methodology: A group of 272 patients reporting to the operation theatre were selected and divided into Group-A and B using the lottery method. All patients had ASA class I and II score and Mallampati score of I and II with no comorbid conditions. Macintosh laryngoscope was used in Group-A, and McCoy laryngoscope was used in Group-B. Before intubation, systolic blood pressure and pulse were measured, as well as 30 seconds, 2 minutes, and 3 minutes following intubation. In addition, a comparison of both groups regarding systolic blood pressure and pulse was made.

Results: The patients in the study had a mean age of 34.93±9.66 years. The increase (20%) in heart rate was significantly higher in the Macintosh-Group 23(16.9%), than in the McCoy-Group 8(4.4%), (p=0.001), and the 20% increase in systolic pressure was also found to be significantly higher in the Macintosh-Group as compared to the McCoy-Group, 26(19.1%) versus 8(6.6%), (p=0.002).

Conclusion: According to our research, using the McCoy blade is a safer mode of intubation in terms of the hemodynamic response.
Depression, Anxiety and Social Support as Predictors of Suicide Intent among Self-Harm Inpatients
Authors: Yaqoob Naila , Ahsan Sadaf , Shaikh Sarah
Published: May 2023

Objective: to examine depression, anxiety and social support as predictors of suicide intent among self-harm inpatients.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Foundation University, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Jun 2019 to Oct 2020.

Methodology: A clinical sample of 220 self-harm patients aged 18 to 35 years was collected from different mental health departments of Rawalpindi, Jhelum and Multan hospitals. Beck Suicide Intent Scale, Depression and Anxiety subscales of DASS-42 and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support were administered to assess suicide intent, depression, anxiety and social support.

Results: Results of current research revealed that depression and anxiety had a significant positive correlation with suicide intent (r = 0.71 & 0.29, respectively). Moreover, depression and anxiety were significantly positively predicted by suicide intent. Social support had a significant negative correlation with suicide intent and significantly negatively predicted suicide intent.

Conclusion: The study revealed that depression and anxiety were significant positive predictors of suicide intent among selfharm inpatients, whereas social support was a significant negative predictor of suicide intent and, thus, contributed to the continued growth of exploring an etiological model of self-harm.
Evolving Perception Regarding Online Learning and Teachingin the COVID-19 Era of Graduate Students with diverse educational backgrounds enrolled inMaster’s Health Professional Education Program of a Pakistani University
Authors: Nadeem Amina , Rashid Azhar , Yasmeen Rahila
Published: May 2023

Objective: To analyze the evolving perception of graduate students of Masters in ‘health professional education with diverse educational backgrounds regarding online learning and teaching.

Study Design: Mixed-method’ study of Convergent Parallel Design.

Place and Duration of Study: Riphah University, Rawalpindi Pakistan, Dec 2021 to Feb 2022.

Methodology: Twenty-five graduate students of Masters in ‘health professional education’ with diverse educational backgrounds answered semi-structured questionnaires at the end of 2 online teaching sessions.

Results: The mean scores of 3 domains of ‘student’s perception of learning, ‘contents and teaching strategies and ‘educational environment’ in 1st vs second online sessions were as follows, respectively: (4.37 0.42 vs 4.09, 0.45; p-value 0.04), (4.40 0.47 vs 4.29, 0.58; p-value 0.44) and (4.43 0.43 vs 4.23 0.69; p-value 0.36). The students agreed that the contents covered, teaching strategies and education environment were satisfactory, and the perception was not statistically different between the two sessions in these domains. In contrast, students’ self-perception of learning was more satisfactory in the first online session.

Conclusion: The graduate students of Masters in ‘health professional education’ with diverse educational backgrounds were satisfied regarding the contents covered, teaching strategies and education environment in two online teaching sessions. In contrast, their perception of their learning depreciated in the second online teaching session.
Comparison of Pregabalin and Gabapentin as Pre-emptive Analgesics in Patients Undergoing Abdominal Surgeries
Authors: Hassam Bhalli Hafiz Ahmed , Hamid Shmyla , Iqbal Muhammad Rashid , Baig Sheharyar , Khan Tanveer Ahmed , Ayub Mehr -un- Nisa
Published: May 2023

Objective: To compare the analgesic effects of Pregabalin and Gabapentin during elective abdominal surgeries.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study.

Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Feb to Aug 2021.

Methodology: Patients with ASA physical status I, II, and III were enrolled in the study. The total number of patients was 152,divided into Group-A, which received 300mg of oral Gabapentin. In contrast, Group-B received 75 mg of oral Pregabalin an hour before induction of general anaesthesia. In addition, the analgesic requirement in the postoperative period, pain visual analogue scores and side effects were recorded.

Results: Out of 152 patients recruited in the study 68(44%) were males whereas 84(56%) were females with a mean age of 42.86±7.07 years. Based on ASA classification, 33(22%) patients were from ASA-I, 91(60%) patients were from ASA-II, and 27(18%) patients were from ASA-III. Pregabalin was a potent analgesic with a significant influence on the visual analogue score, increased duration to the first analgesic administration and a decreased consumption of opioids post-operatively compared with Gabapentin revealing significant results (p-value <0.001). However, no statistically significant association was derived regarding adverse effects between the two groups.

Conclusion: Pregabalin significantly reduces post-operative visual analogue scores, increased duration to first analgesic dose requirement and Opioid consumption post-operatively when compared with Gabapentin with no significant difference in adverse effect profile.
Comparison of Pre-Operative Blood Loss in Seropositive and Seronegative Pregnant Women Undergoing Elective Cesarean Section
Authors: Akbar Amina , Zainab Sadia , Mahboob Saira , Zohra Sadaf , Khan Sadia , Parveen Khalida
Published: May 2023

Objective: To compare the intraoperative blood loss and adhesions, peri-operative blood and intravenous iron supplementation between hepatitis seropositive and seronegative pregnant women undergoing elective cesarean delivery.

Study Design: Cross-sectional, analytical study.

Place and Duration of Study: Departments of Anesthesiology and Gynecology & Obstetrics, Combine Military Hospital, Okara Cantt Pakistan, from Oct 2018 to Mar 2019.

Methodology: After approval of the hospital ethical committee, 134 (n=67 in each Group) pregnant women were included in our study by convenient sampling. Patients were divided into two groups. Group-A included seronegative pregnant women, whereas Group-B were seropositive pregnant women.

Results: There was no difference in the age (p=0.357), gravidity (p=0.159), parity (p=0.226) and the number of cesarean sections (p=0.475) between the two groups. There was no difference in the two groups regarding peri-operative haemoglobin change,with an insignificant reduction of 0.60±1.21 g/dL in Group-A versus a reduction of 0.50±1.08 g/dL in Group-B. A mild level of adhesion was observed intraoperatively in 26(35.6%) in Group-A versus 27(37.5%) in Group-B; p=0.170. Mild difficulty securing hemostasis was reported in 25(34.2%) vs 29(40.2%) patients; p=0.329. 61(83.5%) did not require a peri-operative blood transfusion in Group-A versus 59(81.9%) in Group-B; p=0.528.

Conclusion: Our study has shown that the peri-operative haemoglobin level, blood product and intravenous iron supplementation, intra-operative adhesions encountered, and difficulty in hemostasis were comparable between sero-positive and sero-negative viral hepatitis pregnant women.
Awareness and Uptake of Tetanus Toxoid Vaccination Among Females of Reproductive Age in Rawalpindi
Authors: Humayun Shumaila , Azam Naila
Published: May 2023

Objectives: To determine awareness and uptake of tetanus toxoid vaccination among females of reproductive age in Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration of Study: Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi Pakistan, from Feb to Sep 2018.

Methodology: A consecutive sample of 400 females completed a structured questionnaire translated into Urdu after giving written informed consent. Females, 15 to 49 years, accompanying patients and seeking healthcare were enrolled, and all those belonging to the category of healthcare providers (doctors, nurses, paramedics, etc.) were excluded.

Results: The study showed that 343(85.8%) women were aware of tetanus disease, and 230(57.5%) knew it could be prevented through vaccination. Only 147(36.8%) knew the correct range of reproductive age in females, 178(44.5%) knew the correct schedule, and 46(11.5%) knew the correct number of injections of tetanus vaccination program given by the World Health Organization (WHO) for females of reproductive age group. Around 321(80.3%) were willing to get vaccinated, and 338(84.5%) were willing to recommend it to other females. The number of females who ever received tetanus vaccination for females of reproductive age was 81(20.25%), out of which 7(1.8%) completed uptake of all five doses.

Conclusion: Our study population was aware of tetanus disease with a positive attitude towards vaccination. However, awareness and uptake of the tetanus toxoid vaccine according to the tetanus vaccination program for females of reproductive age could have been better.Keywords: Reproductive age, Tetanus, Tetanus toxoid Vaccination.
Association of the Vertical and Sagittal Growth Patterns of Jaws with the type of Third Molar Impactions: A Radiological Analysis
Authors: Shahid Ayesha , Khan Saira , Satti Ayesha , Bashir Momina , Durrani Owais Khalid
Published: May 2023

Objective: To evaluate if the jaw growth patterns are associated with third molar impactions.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Study setting: Orthodontics Department, Islamic International Dental College & Hospital Islamabad, Jan to Jun 2018.

Methods: We analysed the records of 300 mandibular and maxillary third molars with specific criteria. Orthopantomogram Xrays were used to identify impactions and were classified by Pell and Gregory (P&G) and Winter lines. In addition, lateral cephalograms were assessed for sagittal classes and vertical growth patterns.

Results: Angles of impaction (Winter lines) of mandibular M3s were significantly associated with sagittal growth patterns(p=0.021), with most mesioangular impactions found in Classes I and II. High-angle subjects resulted in the highest impactions in the vertical growth patterns. High angle was followed by low angle and normal angle in mandibular M3s and normal angle and low angle in maxillary M3s. Levels of maxillary M3s (P&G) and vertical patterns showed a significant association (p=0.016), with the highest M3s at level C. The maximum number of impacted M3 coexisted with P&G Class- II and level B for both jaws.Conclusion: Significant associations were found between mandibular M3 angles, sagittal patterns, and levels of maxillary M3s and vertical patterns. Results conclude that facial growth patterns and M3 impactions are not completely independent and may help predict impaction status in adolescence and aid in orthodontic treatment.
Pethidine Versus Tramadol for Post-Anaesthetic Shivering Control in Patients Going Through Elective Surgery under Spinal Anaesthesia
Authors: Haq Mazhar Ul , Ayaz Saeed Bin , Qureshi Sajjad , Rehman Habib ur , . Abdullah , Iftikhar Hina
Published: May 2023

Objective: To assess the efficacy of Pethidine versus Tramadol in controlling shivering after spinal anaesthesia in patients selected for lower limb surgery.

Study Design: Quasi-experimental study

Place and Duration of the Study: Department of Anaesthesiology, Combined Military Hospital, Multan Pakistan, from Jun 2019 to Dec 2020.

Methodology: Seventy-four individuals (aged: 18 to 65 years) selected through non-probability consecutive sampling for elective lower limb orthopaedic procedures under spinal anaesthesia were included in the study. The patients were distributed among two groups through computer-generated random numbers to receive Tramadol at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg (Group-T) or Pethidine at 0.5 mg/kg (Group-P). The frequency of post-anaesthetic shivering was recorded in all patients.

Results: The average age of patients in Groups T and P were 30.2 ± 9 years and 34.5 ± 10 years, respectively. Fifty (67.6%) patients were males, while 24(32.4%) were females. Post-anaesthetic shivering was reported in 37(78.7%) patients in the Tramadol- Group compared to 26(96.3 percent) patients in the Pethidine- Group (p = 0.041).

Conclusion: Tramadol caused less post-anaesthetic shivering than Pethidine after spinal anaesthesia in our sample of patients undergoing lower limb surgery.