bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISA ALIRAN MASSA UAP PADA KATUP KONTROL UREA (UREA GLOBE CONTROL VALVE) DI UNIT PRODUKSI UREA PABRIK 1B PT. PETROKIMIA GRESIK
Authors: Saputro Erwan Adi , Ichda Auliya , Gemilar Gelar Panji , Sanjoyo Bandung Arry
Published: October 2022

In a process, industrial plants have several tools that require steam to help run the processing of a material. For the heating process, PT. Petrokimia Gresik requires steam. Sometimes the steam leak during the process, which reduces the productivity of this industry. For that reason, the purpose of this calculation is to find out the steam loss during the process, especially in the urea globe control valve (PV-723, PV-726, PV-735). The result shows that the upstream pressure and temperature at PV-723 are 21 kg /cm2G and 307 oC, upstream pressure and temperature in PV-726 are 5 kg / cm2G and 158 oC, upstream pressure and temperature on PV-735 of 2.5 kg / cm2G and 138 oC. For downstream pressure on all valves is 1.03323 kg/cm2G. The obtained mass flow (F) in each valve is 0.514 tons / hr, 0.86 tons / hr and 1,902 tons / hr. The value of the input mass balance of steam in the system is 82.70 tons/hour and the overall output is74.11 tons/hour. Therefore, the total steam loss in  PV-723, PV-726, and PV-735 is around 8.59 tons/hour which means there is some leak during the process that needs to do further investigation.
ANALISIS KERUSAKAN MESIN GEMINI FICEP G25 SP CNC MENGUNAKAN METODE FAILURE MODE EFFECT ANALYSIS (FMEA)
Authors: Rabani Habibberi Agil , Dirja Iman , Fauji Najmudin
Published: October 2022

The rapid development of the manufacturing industry requires companies to always produce high quality and fully functional products. However, when the production process does not always run, there should be problems encountered, such as the machine factor which often breaks down and even shuts down completely, causing production disruption. One of the important factors in the successful implementation of Failure Mode Effect Analysis (FMEA) is to interpret before, the process takes place and not after it occurs. To support the implementation of Failure Mode Effect Analysis in the field of maintenance, an effort is needed to improve the state of the equipment. So, in this study, this method will be applied to the maintenance of the Gemini Ficep G25 CNC machine. The result can be assumed to be the primary problem in damage. The trouble that must be prioritized first are the plasma doesn’t run, the force on the engine drive does not move, the dust collector does not work and the internal and external coolants water don’t come out.
MATERNAL MORTALITY IN GROBOGAN DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC 2020-2021
Authors: Hamdah Nurhanifah , Sudaryo Mondastry Korib
Published: October 2022

Background: Maternal mortality is one of the health statuses that is considered global. Central Java Province has the highest maternal mortality rate in Indonesia, and one of the regencies with a high MMR (Maternal Mortality Rate) is Grobogan. Purpose: This research wants to describe maternal mortality in Grobogan in 2020-2021. In further research, we can determine the relationship between risk factors that cause maternal death and use them to develop program decisions to reduce maternal mortality in Grobogan. Methods: This study used a descriptive-quantitative study using Maternal and Infant Mortality data from the Health Office of Grobogan in 2020-2021 and analyzed averages and proportions.Results: This study showed that 103 mothers died, 69% mothers at the age of 20-35 years, 46.60% mothers had Junior High School, 8% were in the Purwodadi 2 area, 73% with gestational age >28 weeks, 52% had 2-3 parity, 87.38% of mothers never abortion, 57% of mothers died during the puerperium, and 39% caused by being infected of COVID-19. Conclusion: Maternal mortality in Grobogan Regency during the 2020-2021 COVID-19 pandemic, most of the causes of death were due to COVID-19 infection, which mainly occurred in mothers aged 20-35 years, last educated at junior high school, at gestational age >28 weeks, parity 2-3, more common in mothers who have never had a history of abortion, and is currently experiencing the puerperium. This maternal death occurred in 28 of the 30 Puskesmas in Grobogan.
PARAMETER ESTIMATION OF COVID-19 COMPARTMENT MODEL IN INDONESIA USING PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION
Authors: Musafir Raqqasyi Rahmatullah , Anam Syaiful
Published: October 2022

Background: The government established a vaccination program to deal with highly reactive COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. In obtaining accurate predictions of the dynamics of the compartment model of COVID-19 spread, a good parameter estimation technique was required.. Purpose: This research aims to apply Particle Swarm Optimization as a parameter estimation method to obtain parameters value from the Susceptible-Vaccinated-Infected-Recovered compartment model of COVID-19 cases. Methods: This research was conducted in April-May 2020 in Indonesia with exploratory design research.  The researchers used the data on COVID-19 cases in Indonesia, which was accessed at covid19.go.id. The data set contained the number of reactive cases, vaccinated cases, and recovered cases. The data set was used to estimate the parameters of the COVID-19 compartment model. The results were shown by numerical simulations that apply to the Matlab program. Results: Research shows that the parameters estimated using Particle Swarm Optimization have a fairly good value because the mean square error is relatively small compared to the data size used. Reactive cases of COVID-19 have decreased until August 21, 2021. Next, reactive cases of COVID-19 will increase until the end of 2021. It is because the virus infection rate of the vaccinated population is positive . If  occurs before the stationary point, then the reactive cases of COVID-19 will decrease mathematically. Conclusion: Particle Swarm Optimization methods can estimate parameters well based on mean square error and the graphs that can describe the behavior of COVID-19 cases in the future.
LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE AND COMPLIANCE WITH PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT USE IN HEALTHCARE WORKERS
Authors: Fajrinmuha Reza , Wulandiana Nuraini , Wulandari Ratna Dwi , Damayanti Nyoman Anita , Armunanto Armunanto
Published: October 2022

Background: The effort to control and prevent COVID-19 in health facilities is to optimize the use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) according to guidelines set by the government. The compliance of healthcare workers using the specified PPE will affect the control and prevention of the COVID-19 pandemic. Purpose: The study aims to measure the prevalence of COVID-19 in healthcare workers and to find out an overview of knowledge level and compliance with the use of PPE among healthcare workers in East Java Province during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This research was an observational study with a descriptive cross-sectional design. The study population was around 183,501 healthcare workers in East Java Province, with criteria of healthcare workers who worked during the COVID-19 pandemic and were willing to be respondents. This study used a probability sampling method with a simple random sampling technique consisting of 129 healthcare workers. The variables used were knowledge level, compliance with the use of PPE, and the history of COVID-19 infection. Primary data have collected by an online questionnaire platform from September 3rd, 2020 to September 12th, 2020. Results: The prevalence of COVID-19 among healthcare workers in East Java was 6.20%, and all the healthcare workers infected with COVID-19 have a good level of knowledge and compliance with the use of PPE in health facilities. Conclusion: Most healthcare workers have good knowledge and compliance with using PPE.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND BALANCED NUTRITION DIET WITH NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF STUDENTS AT SMA NEGERI 3 BALIKPAPAN DURING ONLINE LEARNING
Authors: Waratmaja Tiksna Setya , Farapti Farapti , Isaura Emyr Reisha
Published: October 2022

The students experience the impact of the COVID-19 virus transmission. One of it was school from home. Online learning conditions allow adolescents to experience shifts in physical activity and diet patterns. This study analyzed the relationship between physical activity and a balanced nutritional diet with nutritional status in students at SMA Negeri 3 Balikpapan. This type of research was quantitative research with explanatory surveys and using a cross-sectional design. In this research, all active students of SMA Negeri 3 Balikpapan were involved as a population. The number of samples obtained was 92 people using purposive sampling techniques. An instrument for measuring activity level variables was the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ-SF). A balanced nutrition diet was assessed using Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency (SQ-FFQ) and the Balanced Nutrition Index 3 Levels (IGS3-60). Measurement of nutritional status through self-reporting based on body mass index by age z-score (BMI/Age). The statistical test used was a chi-square to test the research hypothesis. Based on the results of the chi-square statistical test, there was a relationship between physical activity and nutritional status (p=0,014), and there was no relationship between a balanced nutritious diet and the nutritional status (p=0,212). Physical activity is closely related to the nutritional status of adolescents. Therefore, to maintain optimal nutritional status, implementing a healthy lifestyle and physical activity patterns are need to be done.
Physical Home Food Environment And Its Correlation With Iron And Vitamin C Intake Of Children In Pejagalan
Authors: Putri Adhelia Niantiara , Chandra Dian Novita , Wiradnyani Luh Ade Ari , Putri Alfi Rahma , Birahmatika Fitya Safira , Iswarawanti Dwi Nastiti , Octavia Lestari , Nurlita Hera
Published: October 2022

Despite the fact that Indonesia has established nutrition and health measures to prevent childhood malnutrition, more than 70% of children aged 2 to 5 consume less iron than the Indonesian dietary recommendations. Iron deficiency harms children's cognitive and motor development, increase morbidity. Ascorbic acid prevents stomach iron accumulation, inhibiting nonheme absorption. Iron-deficient kids don't eat enough. 65 to 72% of children's daily calories are consumed at home, hence the environment is crucial. The purpose of this study is to see if the iron and vitamin C consumption of children aged 2 to 6 in Pejagalan, North Jakarta, is related to their eating environment. There were 191 samples examined. To assess children's intake, 2x24h food recalls were performed. A modified version of the NHANES CBQ was used to assess the home food environment. For each response, 1 signified "never" and 4 meant "always." SPSS Version 20 was used to perform Spearman correlation and multiple linear regression. The iron and vitamin consumption of the subjects was lower than the estimated average requierement (EAR) for Indonesia. It was shown that people who had more access to fruits and vegetables ingested more iron and vitamin C. Iron consumption was enhanced by fruits, vegetables, sweets, and SSB. Fruit accessibility (p<0.05) and availability (p<0.05) were related to vitamin C consumption. There are a variety of home food environment characteristics linked with the availability and accessibility of food that are related to a child's consumption, particularly of micronutrients
Changes of Physical Activity and Ultra-Processed Food Consumption in College students during COVID-19 Pandemic: An Observational Study
Authors: Wisnuwardani Ratih Wirapuspita , Noviasty Reny , Saputri Amanda , Kurniawati Eva Rully
Published: October 2022

The government has developed initiatives to restrictive activity during the COVID-19 pandemic, which have led to changes in lifestyle habits, especially those involving physical activity and food consumption. Changes of physical activity and ultra-processed foods consumption have occurred in several countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The changing of lifestyle might affect obesity that 32.5% of the population (>18 years) in Samarinda, East Kalimantan, Indonesia are obese. Good eating behaviours in the early stages of life and adolescence can influence the current health status and the predisposition to non-communicable diseases in adulthood. Therefore, this cross-sectional study with 378 college students aimed to determine changes of physical activity and ultra-processed foods consumption in college students during restrictive activity in the COVID-19 pandemic. Data was collected using an online questionnaire for two months. Further, data was analyzed using Wilcoxon and chi-square test with 95% confidence level (α= 0.05). This study showed that the prevalence of normal nutritional status was 60.1%, inactive physical activity status was 89.4%, and the consumption level of ultra-low processed foods was 82.5%. Statistical tests obtained p-value differences in physical activity (p=<0.001) and differences in ultra-processed food consumption (p=0.034) before and after the restrictive activity in the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, mother's educational level (p=0.004) and the number of occupants in the house (p=0.001) significantly affected the consumption of ultra-processed  foods.
The Estimated Amount, Nutrition, and Economies of Food loss and Food waste for Food Security in West Java
Authors: Putri Nur Fatimah  , Yayuk Farida Baliwati
Published: October 2022

One of the challenges in food security is the high amount of food loss and food waste. Reducing food loss and food waste in half along the food chain is part of the twelfth SDGs goal. Based on data from The Economist Intelligence Unit (EIU) in 2017, Indonesia was the second highest ranked country with an FLW of 300 kg/person/year. West Java is the province with the highest population in Indonesia and plays an important role in meeting national food needs so that sufficient food availability is required. This study aims to analyze food loss and food waste for food security in West Java. While the specific objectives of this study are to estimate the amount of food loss and strategic food waste in each food chain in West Java, and macronutrients and economic losses from FLW. This study utilizes secondary data with a quantitative descriptive analysis design. The method of calculating food loss and waste uses the formula for the estimated percentage of food loss and waste in South and Southeast Asia by the FAO. The results of this study indicate the estimated total food loss and strategic food waste in West Java in 2018 was 2,04 million tons. In addition, food loss and waste cause a loss of nutritional content such as energy of 335,61 kcal/day, protein of 9,38 grams/day and fat of 3,98 grams/day as well as economic losses of 32,89 trillion rupiah. Food loss and waste must be reduced for greater food security.
Effect of High-iron Rice Intervention on VO2max of Female Students of Al-Falak Bogor Islamic Boarding School
Authors: Ade Salma Yunia Rachmah  , Dewi Mira , Damayanthi Evy , Utami Dwinita Wikan
Published: October 2022

Female adolescents are at risk of iron deficiency which is known can negatively affect fitness. High-iron rice has been developed through biofortification but there is still lack of evidence regarding its benefit in improving VO2max as a physical fitness indicator. This study aimed to determine impact of high-iron rice intervention towards VO2max value. A total of 18 female students from Al-Falak Bogor Islamic boarding school aged 12-18 years were selected purposively in this quasi-experimental study. High-iron rice contained 50.4 ppm iron provided thrice daily for 4 weeks. A 20 m shuttle run test was conducted to obtain VO2max value. Other data such as food intake, BMI for age, hemoglobin, and serum ferritin were also evaluated. Paired t-test or Wilcoxon Ranks test was performed to analyze difference in data value before and after the intervention. Most nutrient intakes experienced a significant decline (p<0.05) after the intervention, except for iron intake. Hemoglobin concentration also became lower significantly, whereas serum ferritin did not alter significantly. Nevertheless, VO2max improved significantly after the intervention. To summarize, there was an increase in fitness after high-iron rice intervention for 4 weeks in female students.
From Making "Tools" to Becoming "People" -- The Transformation and Experience of American Educational Punishment Governance
Authors: Chen Jiayi
Published: October 2022

In recent years, it has been known from the network news that American school bullying incidents are frequent, its severity and concealment are gradually increasing, and the main body of bullying is also getting younger and younger. American bullying not only causes severe damage to the physical and mental health of minors but destroys the order of the daily management of the school and also increases the risk of the safety of the campus, on the harmfulness of more significant social issues, such as the United States in most cases, it still takes criticism education some force weaker moral means, the effective governance bullying is not enough. The rule of law is the most effective way to achieve social governance. Every student's campus life is a drill for the future in social life. Their behaviour will eventually affect the public social order. Therefore, American society has put forward a zero-tolerance policy for school bullying. Many public schools in the United States have the characteristics of exclusion, punishment, and decriminalization in managing students' violations and malicious bullying. It not only fails to give full play to the educational nature of punishment effectively but also aggravates severe social problems such as minors dropping out of school, low-school employment, and juvenile delinquency, which increases the educational cost of American society and the cost of colonial governance and management. Under the guidance of the concept of supporting policy, the federal government by eliminating the repellent of early childhood environment discipline, creating a safe and supportive learning environment, promote education in different stages of the field to carry out the resilience measures such as justice, fair and continue to encourage educational discipline, promote the development of children's social emotion and behavior, to guide students to learn and grow in the wrong, American academic punishment has successfully realized the successful transformation of teaching philosophy and education reform, which is worthy of practical reference and complete reference for China's current treatment of school bullying incidents. Better promoting Chinese education can also embark on equitable and healthy future development.
Improving the Quality of Mother-Adolescent Relationship Through Communication Skills Training
Authors: Martiani Martiani , Lestari Sri , Sri Hertinjung Wisnu
Published: October 2022

The less quality of mother-adolescent relationship is indicated by the unwillingness of adolescent to talk about their problem to mother and the emergent of mother-adolescent conflict. This research aim to prove the effectiveness of communication skills training to increase the quality of mother-adolescent relationship. This research tests the hypothesis that communication training can improve the quality of mother and teen relationship. The quality of mother-adolescent relationship was measured using the scale of mother-child relationship. The participants were 18 mothers with Senior High School of education and that have adolescent children. The experimental design used was a pre-test post-test control group design. The result shows that communication skills training can effectively increase the quality of mother-adolescent relationship. After a mother participates in training, teenagers feel comfortable telling their problems to mothers and feel understood.
Stacking Ensemble of Machine Learning Methods for Landslide Susceptibility Mapping in Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, China
Authors: Huan Yuke , Song Lei , Khan Umair , Zhang Baoyi
Published: October 2022

The current study aims to apply and compare the performance of six machine learning algorithms, including three basic classifiers: random forest (RF), gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT), and extreme gradient boosting (XGB), as well as their hybrid classifiers, using the logistic regression (LR) method (RF+LR, GBDT+LR, and XGB+LR), in order to map the landslide susceptibility of Zhangjiajie City, Hunan Province, China. First, a landslide inventory map was created with 206 historical landslide points and 412 non-landslide points, which was randomly divided into two datasets for model training (80%) and model testing (20%). Second, 15 landslide conditioning factors (i.e., altitude, slope, aspect, plane curvature, profile curvature, relief, roughness, rainfall, topographic wetness index (TWI), normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI), distance to roads, distance to rivers, land use/land cover (LULC), soil texture, and lithology) were initially selected to establish a landslide factor database. Thereafter, the multicollinearity test and information gain ratio (IGR) technique were applied to rank the importance of the factors. Subsequently, we used a series of metrics (e.g., accuracy, precision, recall, f-measure, area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve (AUC), kappa index, mean absolute error (MAE), and root mean square error (RMSE)) to evaluate the accuracy and performance of the six models. Based on the AUC values derived from the models, the GBDT+LR model with the highest AUC value (0.8168) was identified as the most efficient model for mapping landslide susceptibility, followed by the XGB+LR, XGB, RF+LR, GBDT, and RF models, which achieved AUC values of 0.8124, 0.8118, 0.8060, 0.7927, and 0.7883, respectively. The results from this study suggest that the stacking ensemble machine learning method is promising for use in landslide susceptibility mapping in the Zhangjiajie area and is capable of targeting the areas prone to landslides.
Evaluating Software Security in the Era of Quantum Computer by Using Fuzzy TOPSIS
Authors: Nadeem Mohd. , Ansar Syed Anas , Ahmad Masood , Pathak Prabhash Chandra , Kumar Dr. Rajeev , Khan Raees Ahmad
Published: October 2022

The development of quantum computers seeks software developers' attention regarding security in the era of Information Technology, software security is the primary goal for our quantitative assessment of software security in the development cycle of software. Security assessment of software is identifying the key security factors of the software. A security elective provides ex-tensive strategies and calculations to ensure product safety. The security assessment is the key factor in surveying, administering, and controlling security to further enhance the nature of safety. It should be acknowledged that assessing security early on in the development process is beneficial in identifying worms, hazards, flaws, and threats. The definition and portrayal of Quantum Computing (QC) in software security will be discussed in this study. Researchers use cryptography calculations to secure our financial institutions, medical devices, military weaponry, planes, ships, vehicles, and pilots. Here authors of this study use the Fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Situation (FTOPSIS) to quantitatively assess the weight/rank of the quantum enable security alternatives like (Diffie-Hellman key-exchange algorithm, Quantum key distribution algorithm, Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm, Special Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm, Grover’s Algorithm and Quantum key distribution algorithm in GHZ state) with security factors like (Confidentiality, Integrity, Authenti-cation, Privacy, Reliability, Maintainability, Authorization, Integrity, Possessions, and Availability). Additionally, they critically analyze and select the six alternatives of quantum-based security algorithms. The nature of safety infers the ability to execute a thing on time in this exploration study, specifically 'software security'.
Emotional Intelligence Based Intervention Program for Children in Residential Care During Pandemic Lockdown
Authors: Contreras-Navarro Elizabeth , Galindo-Aldana Gilberto , Torres-González Cynthia , Montoya-Rivera Arturo , Padilla-López Alfredo , Padilla-Bautista Joaquín
Published: October 2022

Children living in residential care homes (RCH) often present conditions of abandonment due to separation, abuse and mistreatment; circumstances that are detrimental to proper emotional development, resulting in poor self-confidence, aggressive behaviors, low self-esteem, anxiety, among other developmental problems. Additionally, pandemic lockdown hinders access to mental health services for RCH service providers, and limits children to external mental health support and resources. The objective of this study was to design and evaluate the effectiveness of a remote-applied Emotional-Intelligence-based intervention program (RA-EIBI) for children living in RCH during pandemic lockdown. A non-parametric pre-test, treatment, post-test comparative design was used to evaluate effectiveness of the intervention program. Seven children living in RCH during pandemic lockdown were initially assessed using Evaluation of Neurological Soft Signs, and Empathy Quotient (EQ-I) to estimate emotional intelligence quotient. A 10 session RA-EIBI program was designed and applied to the children after initial assessment, and a final evaluation was conducted to perform related samples comparisons. Results shown a non-significant mean increase of intrapersonal, interpersonal, stress management, adaptability, and emotional state, all emotional intelligence-related skills. A RA-EIBI program is an accessible resource for RCH, and children living under this condition. EI skills were maintained along the social isolation period due to COVID-19. Followup of emotional conditions of children demonstrated an improvement in self-perceived well-being.
Current Scenario of Exogenously Induced RNAi for Lepidopteran Agricultural Pest Control: From dsRNA Design to Topical Application
Authors: Lucena-Leandro Vívian , Abreu Emanuel , Vidal Leonardo , Torres Caroline , Junqueira Camila , Almeida Juliana , Albuquerque Érika
Published: October 2022

Global crop yields are estimated to be reduced by 30–40% per year on account of plant pests and pathogens. Agricultural insect pests raise concerns about constraining global food security and climate changes contributing to the rise of infestation. The current management relies on plant breeding, associated or not with transgenes and chemical pesticides. Both approaches face serious technology obsolescence on the field due to resistance breakdown or development of insecticide resistance. The need for new Modes of Action (MoA) approaches in managing crop health grows each year, driven by market demands to reduce economic losses and phytosanitary requirements to meet the consumer perception. Disabling pest genes by sequence-specific expression silencing is considered a promising tool in the development of environment and health respectful biopesticides. The specificity conferred by long dsRNA-base solutions give support to minimizing effects on off-targeted genes in the insect pest genome and the target gene in non-target organisms (NTOs). In this review, we summarize the current status of gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi) for agricultural control. More specifically, we focus on the engineering, development and application of gene silencing to control Lepidoptera by the employment of non-transforming dsRNA technologies. Despite some delivery and stability drawbacks of topical applications, we reviewed works showing convincing proof-of-concept results that point to imminent innovative solutions. Considerations about the regulamentation of the ongoing research on dsRNA-based pesticides to produce commercialized products for exogenous application are discussed. Academic and industry initiatives reveal a worthy effort to accomplish controlling Lepidoptera pests with this new mode of action to provide more sustainable and reliable technologies to field management. New data on genomics of this taxon encourage the increment of a customized target genes portfolio. As a case of study, we illustrate how dsRNA and associated methodologies could be applied to control an important Lepidopteran coffee pest.
Atmospheric Ultrafine Particulate Matter (PM0.1) Bound Carbon Composition in Bangkok, Thailand
Authors: Phairuang Worradorn , Hongtieab Surapa , Suwattiga Panwadee , Furuuchi Masami , Hata Mitsuhiko
Published: October 2022

Seasonal variations in atmospheric ultrafine particulate matter (PM0.1) were monitored in Bangkok, Thailand, from 2016 to 2017. PM0.1 bound organic carbon (OC), and elemental carbon (EC) were collected by a cascade air sampler that can collect PM0.1 and estimated by a thermal-optical carbon analyzer following the IMPROVE-TOR protocol. The annual average PM0.1 in Bangkok was 14.5 ± 4.7 µg/m3, higher than in large Asian cities like Shanghai and Hanoi. Biomass burning from neighboring areas was shown to increase the particle concentration. Apparent risings in carbon species as OC, EC, and OC/EC ratios in the wet and dry seasons were observed, and Char-EC/Soot-EC displayed that the PM0.1 in the Bangkok atmosphere was influenced mainly by the vehicle exhaust, even though the influence of biomass burning was more sensitive during the dry season. The effective carbon ratio (ECR) displays that carbonaceous aerosol is light-absorbing; the dry season increase contributed to climate and air quality. The finding of this work is of great importance to air pollutants control policies in urban areas.
Nanoparticles Targeting Monocytes and Macrophages as Diagnostic and Therapeutic Tools for Autoimmune Diseases
Authors: Alvarez Karen , Rojas López Mauricio
Published: October 2022

The diagnosis and treatment of autoimmune diseases are major challenges. Their signs, symptoms, and their clinical severity change throughout the course of the disease. The available treatments for these conditions do not result in complete remission, and their long-term use generates several side effects. The main challenges in this field are the development of more sensitive diagnostic tools, and effective treatments. Studies in patients and animal models reported alterations in monocyte phenotype, activation, and function. These cells play an essential role in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory states and have become a target for extracorporeal monitoring and specific intervention. Nanoparticles (NPs) are ultrafine particles that can be used as contrast agents in diagnostic imaging techniques to detect specific cells in inflammatory infiltrates in tissues that are not easily accessible by biopsy. In addition, NPs can be designed to deliver drugs to a cell population or tissue. This review describes several experimental pieces of evidence demonstrating that monocytes and macrophages can specifically uptake various types of NPs, thus becoming detectable in vivo by magnetic resonance imaging and susceptible to be modulated by therapeutic agents. Hence, nanoparticles targeting mononuclear phagocytes represent promising tools for diagnosing and treatment.
Co-created Decision Making: From Co-production to Value Co-creation in Health Care
Authors: Amorim Jason , Ventura Andréa
Published: October 2022

Rare diseases are characterized by a wide diversity of signs and symptoms and vary not only from disease to disease, but also from person to person, and living with a disease leads patients to peculiar experiences and treatments, without limits of time and space, as they extend to various environments and relationships of their lives. The objective of this study is the theoretical interaction between Value Co-creation (VC) and the Stakeholder Theory (ST) with the Shared Decision Making (SDM) health care theory. It is configured as a multiparadigmatic proposal by enabling the analysis of multiple perspectives of different stakeholders in health care. Thus, Co-created Decision Making (CDM) emerges in a logic dominated by service, with emphasis on intangible aspects and the interactivity of the relationships. It goes beyond the clinical office and the doctor-patient relationships, as studied in SDM, extending to all environments and interactions that add value to the patient's treatment. It was concluded that the essence of this new theory proposed here is neither in patient-centered care nor in patient self-care, but in co-created relationships with and between stakeholders in both directions, including non-health care environments that are important to the patient, such as relationships with friends, family, other patients with the same disease, social media, public policies, and the practice of pleasurable activities.
Phenotypic Plasticity during the Dissemination of Circulating Tumour Cell Clusters: A Model Involving TGFβ1-Mediated Cluster Dissociation, Adherence and Single-Cell Extravasation
Authors: Hapeman Jorian D. , Carneiro Caroline S. , Nedelcu Aurora M.
Published: October 2022

Metastasis – the ability of cancer cells to disperse and colonize distant locations in the body, is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. While in the vasculature, tumour cells are referred to as circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and can manifest either as single cells or clusters of cells, with the latter being the most aggressive. Despite their significant role in the metastatic process, the mechanisms through which CTC clusters extravasate and disseminate remain largely unknown. Notably, CTC clusters have been found to contain platelets, which are known to secrete many factors, including Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 (TGF-β1) – a signaling molecule that has been widely implicated in many aspects of cancer, including the extravasation of single CTCs. To address whether the interaction between platelets and CTC clusters might also facilitate the extravasation of CTC clusters, we evaluated the effect of exogenous TGF-β1 on an experimentally evolved lung cancer cell line that grows as cell clusters that we previously developed and used to investigate the biology of CTC clusters. We found that exogenous TGFβ1 induces the dissociation of clusters and cell adherence. Furthermore, once adhered, cells release their own TGF-β1 and are able to migrate and invade in the absence of exogenous TGFβ1. Based on these findings we propose a model that involves both paracrine and autocrine TGFβ1-mediated phenotypic plasticity resulting in the acquisition of traits that enable the extravasation of CTC clusters as single cells.
Correlating the Macrostructural Variations of an Ion Gel with Its Carbon Dioxide Sorption Capacity
Authors: Nguyen Tung , Bavarian Mona , Nejati Siamak
Published: October 2022

: We report on a direct correlation between macroscale structural variations and the gas sorption capacities of an ion gel. Here, we chose 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide ([Emim][TF2N]) and poly(vinylidene fluoride)-co-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP) as the ionic liquid and host polymer, respectively. The CO2 sorption in the thin films of IL-polymer was measured by the gravimetric method. The results of our experiment show that the trend of CO2 uptake of these mixtures is non-linearly correlated with the content of IL. Here we highlight the variation in the molecular structure of the polymers is the main reason behind the observed trend. The presented data suggest the possibility of using the composition of mixtures containing IL and polymers to realize a synergistic gain for gas sorption in these mixtures.
Phytomanagement of a Lead Polluted Shooting Range Using an Aromatic Plant Species and Its Effects on the Rhizosphere BacteRial Diversity and Essential Oil Production
Authors: Saran Anabel , Fernandez Lucia , Latini Yanela , Reinhard Monica Bellozas , Minig Marisol , Thijs Sofie , Vangronsveld Jaco , Merini Luciano
Published: October 2022

This field study aimed to assess the base line conditions of a long-term polluted shooting range in Argentina polluted with 428 mg kg-1 lead (Pb), to evaluate the establishment and development of Helianthus petiolaris plants and address the efficacy of the phytomanagement strategy through: i) element accumulation in plant tissues; ii) rhizosphere bacterial diversity changes by Illumina Miseq™ and iii) floral water and essential oil yield, composition and element concentration by GC-MS and ICP. After one life cycle growing in the polluted sites, in the roots of Helianthus petiolaris plants Pb concentration was between 195 and 304 mg kg-1 Pb. Only a limited fraction of the Pb was translocated to the aerial parts. The predominance of the genus Serratia in the rhizosphere of Helianthus petiolaris plants cultivated in the polluted sites and the decrees of the essential oil yield were some effects significantly associated with soil Pb concentration. No detectable Pb concentration was found in the floral water and essential oil obtained. Extractable Pb concentration in the soil reduced between 28-45 % after the harvest.
Comparative Preclinical Evaluation of Peptide-Based Chelators for Labeling of DARPin G3 with 99mTc for Radionuclide Imaging of HER2 Expression in Cancer
Authors: Larkina Maria , Plotnikov Evgenii , Bezverkhniaia Ekaterina , Shabanova Yulia , Tretyakova Maria , Yuldasheva Feruza , Zelchan Roman , Schulga Alexey , Konovalova Elena , Vorobyeva Anzhelika , Garousi Javad , Gräslund Torbjörn , Belousov Mikhail , Tolmachev Vladimir , Deyev Sergey M.
Published: October 2022

Non-invasive radionuclide imaging of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) expression in breast, gastroesopha-geal and ovarian cancers may stratify patients for treatment using HER2-targeted therapeutics. Designed ankyrin repeat proteins (DARPins) are a promising type of targeting probes for radionuclide imaging. In clinical studies, the DARPin [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3, labeled using a peptide-based chelator His-Glu-His-Glu-His-Glu ((HE)3), provided clear imaging of HER2 expressing breast cancer 2-4 h after injection. The goal of this study was to evaluate if the use of cysteine-containing peptide-based chelators Glu-Glu-Glu-Cys (E3C), Gly-Gly-Gly-Cys (G3C), and Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser-Cys connected via a (Gly-Gly-Gly-Ser)3-linker (designated as G3-(G3S)3C) would further improve the contrast of imaging using 99mTc-labeled derivatives of G3. The labeling of the new variants of G3 provided a radiochemical yield over 95%. Labeled G3 variants bound specifically to human HER2-expressing cancer cell lines with affinity in the range 1.9-5 nM. Biodistribution of [99mTc]Tc-G3-G3C, [99mTc]Tc-G3-(G3S)3C, and [99mTc]Tc-G3-E3C in mice was compared with the biodistribution of [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3. It was found that the novel variants provide specific accumulation in HER2-expressing human xenografts and enable discrimination between tumors with high and low HER2 expression. However, [99mTc]Tc-(HE)3-G3 provided better contrast between tumors and the most frequent metastatic sites of HER2-expressing cancers and is therefore more suitable for clinical applications.
Analysis of the Spatio-temporal Rainfall Variability in Cameroon over the Period 1950 to 2019
Authors: Ebodé Valentin Brice
Published: October 2022

The rainfall study in the long term is essential for climatic change understanding and socioeconomic development. The main goal of this study is to explore the spatial and temporal variations of precipitation in different time scales (seasonal and annual) in Cameroon. The Mann–Kendall and Pettitt tests were applied to analyze the precipitation variability. On temporal plan, the different regions of Cameroon have recorded significant drops in annual rainfall that Pet-titt's test generally situates around the 1970s. The decreases observed for the northern part of Cameroon regions are between –5.4% (Adamawa) and –7.4% (Far North). Those of west-ern part regions oscillate between –7.5% (South-West) and –12.5% (West). The southern part of Cameroon regions recorded decreases varying between –4.3% (East) and –5.9% (Center). On spatial plan, the divisions of the northern, western and southern parts of Cameroon respectively recorded after the 1970s (a pivotal period in the evolution of precipitation on temporal plan), a precipitation decrease towards the South, the South-West and the West. This study's findings could be helpful for planning and managing water resources in Cameroon.
Structural Determinant of β-Amyloid Formation: From Transmembrane Protein Dimerization to β-Amyloid Aggregates
Authors: Papadopoulos Nicolas , Suelves Nuria , Perrin Florian , Vadukul Devkee M. , Vrancx Céline , Constantinescu Stefan N. , Kienlen-Campard Pascal
Published: October 2022

Most neurodegenerative diseases have the characteristics of proteinopathies, i.e. they cause lesions to appear in vulnerable regions of the nervous system, corresponding to protein aggregates that progressively spread through the neuronal network as the symptoms progress. Alzheimer's disease is one of these proteinopathies. It is characterized by two lesions, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and senile plaques, formed essentially of amyloid peptides (Aβ). A combination of factors ranging from genetic mutations to age-related changes in the cellular context converge in this disease to accelerate Aβ deposition. Over the last two decades, numerous studies have attempted to elucidate how structural determinants of its precursor (APP) modify Aβ production, and to understand the processes leading to the formation of different Aβ aggregates; e.g. fibrils and oligomers. The synthesis proposed in this review indicates that the same motifs can control APP function and Aβ production essentially by regulating membrane dimerization, and subsequently Aβ aggregation processes. The distinct properties of these motifs and the cellular context regulate the APP conformation to trigger the transition to the amyloid pathology. This concept can be transposed to the study of other proteinopathies, providing a framework for improving our understanding of these mechanisms that devastate neuronal functions.
Leaching of Gold and Copper From Printed Circuit Boards Under the Alternating Current Action in Hydrochloric Acid Electrolytes
Authors: Serga Vera , Zarkov Aleksej , Blumbergs Ervins , Shishkin Andrei , Baronins Janis , Elsts Edgars , Pankratov Vladimir
Published: October 2022

Modern technologies for recycling electronic waste (e-waste) impose high economic efficiency and environmental safety requirements. Among existing technologies, hydrometallurgy is considered the most promising technology for e-waste recycling. Increasing attention to the chlorination method is associated with the complex recycling of low-grade ores containing noble metals and secondary polymetallic raw materials. In this paper, we propose a new scheme for leaching metals from computer printed circuits (PCBs) pre-crushed in a disintegrator: the processes of chlorine production and hydrochlorination are implemented in one reactor under the action of alternating current (AC) of industrial frequency (50 Hz). It was found that complete leaching of gold is achieved from fine fractions of raw materials containing 0.03% and 0.01% of the gold at an experiment duration of 2 hours, a current density of 0.66 A·cm-2, and a solid/liquid ratio of 8.6 g·L-1. Under the same conditions of the electrochemical leaching process from the fraction of raw material with a gold content of 0.08%, the degree of metal leaching is 80.5%. At the same time, with an increase in the copper content in the raw material from 1.40% to 6.13%, an increase in the degree of its leaching from 84.6% to 95.2%, respectively, is observed. These results will serve as a foundation for developing a complex technology for recovering valuable metals from PCBs.
Review: Influence of Vitamin D Blood Concentration and Supplementation during Pregnancy on Preeclampsia Development and Neonatal Outcomes
Authors: Karpova Nataliia , Dmitrenko Olga , Arshinova Ekaterina , Nurbekov Malik
Published: October 2022

Vitamin D plays an essential role in embryogenesis and the course of intra- and postnatal periods and is crucially involved in the functioning of the mother-placenta-fetus system. Low quantity of Vitamin D during pregnancy can lead to the elevated risk for preeclampsia occurence. Despite the numerous studies on the association of Vitamin D deficiency and preeclampsia development, the current research on this theme is contradictory. In this review we summarize and analyze study data on the effects of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation on pregnancy, labor, fetal and neonatal outcomes.
Interference Recommendation for the Pump Sizing Process in Progressive Cavity Pumps
Authors: Starke Leandro , Hoppe Aurélio Faustino , Sartori Andreza , Leithardt Valderi Reis Quietinho
Published: October 2022

Pump Sizing is the process of dimensional matching an impeller and stator to provide a satisfactory performance test result and good service life during the operation of progressive cavity pumps. In this process, historical data analysis and dimensional monitoring are done manually, consuming a large amount of man-hours and requiring a deep knowledge of progressive cavity pump behavior. This work presents the use of complex networks in the construction of a prototype to recommend interference during the Pump Sizing process in a Progressive Cavity Pump. For this, data from different expert applications were used in addition to individual control Excel spreadsheets to build the database used in the prototype. From the pre-processed data, complex network techniques and the Betweenness Centrality metric were used to calculate the degree of importance of each order confirmation, as well as to calculate the dimensionality of the rotors. The model was evaluated using the mean squared error (MSE), obtaining a MSE of 0.28 for the cases where there were recommendations for order confirmations. Based on the results obtained, it was realized that there is a similarity with the dimensional defined by design engineers during the Pump Sizing process.
Incorporating social and environmental outputs in decision-making : workshop outcomes
Authors: Gagnon Paul , Gallihugh Jeanette , Komlos Shawn , Durden Susan , Vaughan E. , Murray Elizabeth , Estes Trudy
Published: October 2022

This document summarizes the notable outcomes of the workshop “Quantifying and Incorporating Social and Environmental Outputs in Decision-Making—Research and Development Needs and Strategy Workshop.” The workshop was held 24 and 25 July 2019 in Alexandria, Virginia, at the US Army Corps of Engineers’ (USACE) Institute for Water Resources (IWR). The workshop sought to identify gaps in knowledge, methods, data, and tools and to identify types of subject matter experts who would be needed for the research team. A total of 22 participants attended the facilitated workshop, representing a broad array of expertise: economists, scientists, planners, social scientists, project managers, and researchers from a number of USACE organizations and partnering academics across the United States. Together, these attendees reviewed existing policy and research and prioritized future work to fill gaps in methods and procedures for incorporating social and environmental inputs across a broad range of USACE projects.