bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An application of Rayleigh quotient for crack detection in simply supported beam
Authors: Hung Duong The
Published: March 2023

An explicit expression of natural frequencies through crack parameters is derived for multiple cracked beams with simply supported boundaries using the Rayleigh quotient. The obtained expression provides not only a simple tool for calculating natural frequencies of multiple cracked beams, but also allows employing the so-called crack scanning method for detecting multiple cracks in simply supported beams from measured natural frequencies. A numerical example demonstrates that the crack scanning method, in combination with the Rayleigh quotient, enables consistent identification of cracks with 1% relative depth.
Przedstawienia dzieciństwa Meszików w kodeksach Płaskowyżu Centralnego Mezoameryki
Authors:   INAH Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia – Mexico, Cuevas Alejandro Díaz Barriga
Published: March 2023

Before their birth, Mexica children were already important in their society because they occupied a key role in the economic, social and religious systems of the group. Children were integrated, since young ages, into the daily life of their parents where they assisted in economic and household activities. This paper analyses some of the ways in which the Mexican represented the children graphically in a series of codices. The work takes into account the conceptualization of children, the age groups into which childhood has been divided, as well the different ways in which children interacted with the other members of the family and the group to which they belonged to.
Przedstawienia ahuianime w Kodeksie Florentyńskim
Authors:   Akademia Techniczno-Humanistyczna w Bielsku-Białej, Szoblik Katarzyna
Published: March 2023

The subject of this paper is description of three pictures found in the „Florentine Codex”, by fray Bernardino de Sahagun, showing the Aztec women called ahuianime. The ahuianime were women who accompanied the most distinguished warriors in various cultural and religious situations. As these relations might have had sexual context, the ahuianime were frequently considered prostitutes by the European missionaries. In the described pictures there are three ahuianime, each of them in different age: a young girl, a mature woman and an elderly woman. Each of them is accompanied by various attributes that point to her age, social status and social role. Our main aim is to state what meaning do these attributes have and to what extent are they consistent with the information on ahuianime provided by the written sources.
Przedstawienia brazylijskich kobiet kanibali w Americae Tertia Pars (1592)
Authors:   Instytut Historii Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Medellín, Chicangana-Bayona Yobenj Aucardo
Published: March 2023

In 1592 Theodoro De Bry published la Americæ Tertia Pars, the work based on German traveler Hans Staden (1557) and French Jean de Léry (1578) narratives involved in expeditions to Brazilian land and describing inhabitants of the visiting territories.The prints illustrating the third part of the work are presenting Hans Staden’s peripeteia – abduction, captivity and his life among Indian Tupinambá. Local customs: dances, feasts, wars and most of all cannibal rituals, are shown on the prints. The article contains an analysis of thse rituals in which eldery Indian women used to take part.
Święta Gertruda Wielka – kult i ikonografia w sztuce kolonialnej Nowej Hiszpanii
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, García Antonio Rubial , de Peralta Doris Bieñko ,   Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia – México
Published: March 2023

The cult of St. Gertrude the Great was one of the most popular during the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries in Spanish America. This paper explores its presence in New Spain in orthodox and heterodox milieus, as depicted in manuscripts, printed books, and religious images and paintings. The medieval nun St. Gertrude – barely remembered today – was reinterpreted as a Counter-Reformation saint, set against Protestantism because of her German origins. She was ‘sworn’ in New Spain as Patroness of the city of Puebla, and was known for her interceding powers in preparing for death and as a champion in saving souls from Purgatory. Not only was her cult paramount in ecclesiastical circles (such as religious orders and the secular clergy) but also widespread among various lay sectors of New Spain’s society. Today still we may find traces of that devotion in some places of contemporary Mexico.
Związki artystyczne i handlowe pomiędzy Flandrią i Meksykiem od XVI do XVIII w.
Authors:   Katolieke Universiteit Leuven, België, Manrique Cesar
Published: March 2023

The presence and circulation of Southern Netherlands’ values is a fascinating subject with a lot of possibilities for the researchers: Graphic material – printed or manuscript – books, stamps and engravings, as well as paintings, tapestries, sculptures and textiles exported from Antwerp found their way to the New World or even further, via Seville – the gateway to America. Today many examples of Southern Netherland’s books and artistic objects can still be admired in Latin American and from Goa to Manila. The shifting character of exchange in Antwerp affected also its market in luxury goods; this was booming in the 16th century with the international patterns of trade established in the city that facilitated the export of locally-made items to markets abroad. The exportation of luxury goods through Spain was orientated not only to the privileged social levels, but was now distributed on a much larger scale including the Spanish monarchy and the middle classes who displayed a strong taste for Flemish art. All these Flemish works were sold in fairs such as the one of Medina del Campo, Barcelona, Valencia and Seville, and from this great Atlantic Metropolis were sent to America or further.
Motywy pochodzenia europejskiego jako jeden z aspektów badań nad stylistyką mestizo w barokowej architekturze Wicekrólestwa Peru
Authors:   Uniwersytet Łódzki, Polski Instytut Studiów nad Sztuką Świata, Andrzejewska Agata
Published: March 2023

The question of South American baroque architecture is filled with a number of problems which keep scholars dedicated to this topic restless for over 50 years. One of them is terminology. Currently the most widespread term used in connection with native-style adorned churches from the former Peru Viceroyalty, is mestizo style. Other designations are „popular architecture” or „Andes baroque”. This stylization appeared in south of Peru including Arequipa, Ayacucho, the shores of the Titicaca lake down to cities in Bolivia through La Paz to Potosí. Mestizo means a mix of European and Indian cultures. It appeared in the 17th century but it reach the peak of its popularity in the 18th. It has only an ornamental character and no construction importance. The motives which appeared in this style are the following:European-origin motifs (mermaids, eagles, angels); tropical floral and animal related motifs (monkeys, pineapples, papayas); Pre-Columbian motifs (masks, pumes). Unfortunately, the research status is insufficient and thereby the reference materials dealing with the topic is far from complete.
Natural compounds: an effective and eco-friendly strategies for controlling and combating plant pathogens
Authors: DIN Alin , MITREA Ion , MITREA Rodi
Published: March 2023

Currently, the management of phytopathogenic agents is an ongoing challenge globally, as they cause major damage in agricultural plantations. However, the use of synthetic pesticides currently in use has negative effects on the environment and on the living organisms that develop their life cycle in these habitats. For this reason, research in the last decade has led to the identification and exploitation of natural compounds with important antifungal properties as natural alternatives to combat and control pathogens. This review is based on the description of plant extracts, essential oils and natural compounds with important anti-fungal properties. However, their direct application to plants is difficult, because their adhesion and persistence in environmental conditions does not allow this fact. The current challenge is to develop formulations based on natural compounds that retain their properties over time in order to be applied to agricultural crops.
Climate change, its impact on crop production, challenges, and possible solutions
Authors: ALOTAIBI Majed
Published: March 2023

Climate change poses serious threats to agriculture and food security, and extreme weather events have reduced crop productivity worldwide. Future projections predict that the average global temperature will rise by 2.0 to 6.4 °C and the increase in sea level will be 59 cm by the end of 21st century. The unprecedented rise in temperature has led to an increase in the incidence of heat waves, droughts, floods, and irregular patterns of precipitation. These changes have a dramatic impact on prevailing agricultural cropping systems, productivity, and food security of people regionally and globally. The change in climatic parameters have substantial effects on weeds, diseases, insect, and pests in different ways, and can result in an increase of their geographical distribution, number of generations, and survival during winter. Thus, to sustain the crop production on the eve of climate change is the main challenge. Therefore, adaptation measures are prerequisites to reduce the effects of climatic changes on production of agricultural crops. In this review, a brief insight has been given in the impact of climate change on agriculture and, the future challenges of climate change on the production of crops. In addition, integrated approaches, or recent developments for the improvement of crops such as breeding, transgenic approaches to biotechnology, and functional genomics, agronomic practices, cultivation of climate resilient crops, and nanotechnology for abiotic stress such as drought stress, temperature, heat, and salinity tolerance have also been discussed.
Triterpenoid saponins in Aralia elata subjected to combined nutrient availability and light quality
Authors: SUN Yuxiang , SUN Mingyang , QIU Huijia , TAN Long , GUO Shenglei
Published: March 2023

Combined light spectra and nitrogen (N) availability may modify contents of triterpenoid saponins (TSs) in leaves of Aralia elata (Miq.) Seem. In this study, A. elata seedlings were raised under light-emitting diode spectra in red- (26.6% red, 59.9% green, and 13.5% blue) and green-colours (12.6% red, 84.6% green, and 2.9% blue) both at a photosynthetic photon flux density of about 77.4 µmol m-2 s-1. N availability was employed at low and high rates of 30 and 90 mg kg-1, respectively. Aralosides-A and -VI did not show any responses to either light or N treatments (ranges of 1.98‒3.75 mg g-1 and 0.21‒1.41 mg g-1, respectively). Compared to the green light, the red light resulted in greater growth but lower foliar N assimilation and aralosides-B (~0.7 mg g-1) and -V concentrations (~16 mg kg-1). The high N availability resulted in greater growth, biomass, foliar chlorophyl and protein concentrations but lower N assimilation and TS concentrations. We conclude that araloside B can be taken as an objective TS harvested in A. elata food-used leaves as a bioactive compound that can be adjusted by light and N manipulations.
A cotton leaf nitrogen monitoring model based on spectral-fluorescence data fusion
Authors: LIN Xiu , HA Faduman , MA Lulu , CHEN Xiangyu , MA Yiru , CHEN Aiqun , HOU Zhenan , ZHANG Ze
Published: March 2023

In the present study, hyperspectral imaging and remote sensing of fluorescence were integrated to monitor the nitrogen content in leaves of drip-irrigated cotton at different growth periods in northern Xinjiang, China. Based on the spectrum and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of nitrogen content in cotton leaves of different growth periods obtained through the shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (SFLA), the successive projection algorithm (SPA), grey relational analysis (GRA), and competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), a monitoring model of nitrogen content in cotton leaves was established via on hyperspectral imaging, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and spectral-fluorescence data fusion. The results showed that: (1) there were significant positive correlations between the chlorophyll fluorescence parameters Fv'/Fm', Fv/Fm, Yield, Fm, NPQ, and the nitrogen content at each growth period. (2) The effectiveness of chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in inversion of nitrogen content was the highest at the budding period and the blooming period, and the coefficients of determination (R2) of the validation sets were 0.745 and 0.709, respectively. (3) In the monitoring model for cotton leaf nitrogen in the blooming period that was established based on the decision-level algorithm and spectral-fluorescence data fusion, the R2 value of the training set reached 0.961, and that of the validation set was 0.828. In conclusion, the findings of this study suggest that the feature-level fusion and decision-level fusion algorithms of spectral-fluorescence data can effectively improve the accuracy and reliability of cotton leaf nitrogen monitoring.
Determination by UHPLC – UV – MS of polyphenol content of Amaranthus retroflexus
Authors: SĂRĂCIN Aida P. , BIȚĂ Andrei , SĂRĂCIN Ioan A. , BÎCĂ Monica D. , CONSTANTINESCU Emilia , CHIRIGIU Larisa-Marina-Elisabeth , TĂNASIE Ștefania E.
Published: March 2023

Having a very large area globally, the genus Amaranthus has been known since ancient times and used as a medicinal plant used in the treatment of various ailments. For the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, the main constituents considered active are compounds from the polyphenol class. In order to identify and quantify some of these compounds, this paper briefly presents a UHPLC–UV–MS analysis study of polyphenolic compounds from Amaranthus retroflexus. Through our study we identified a high concentration of rutin. Thus, if rutin is intended to be used in medical practice, only the leaves will be used, the rest of the plant would produce an unwanted dilution. In addition, C₁₆H₁₈O₉, C₉H₈O₄, C7H6O4, C9H8O3 and C10H10O4 were identified. It has been observed that the leaves contain flavonoids in a higher amount than other parts of the plant. Through our study, we contributed to establishing the working parameters necessary to perform the analyses. For the first time, we have indicated the organs with the highest content of flavonoids, from the composition of the plants in the Oltenia area, Romania. For medical practice, the results obtained by us can represent important milestones in the production of pharmaceutical preparations.
Peter Ackroyd’un Londra Yanıyor Adlı Eserinde Akademisyen Tiplemesi
Authors: ÖREN Aytaç
Published: March 2023

Çağdaş İngiliz edebiyatının önemli isimlerinden Peter Ackroyd’un kurmacalarında edebiyatla örülü mekânsal bir bellek öne çıkar ve mekân olarak kendi geçmişi ile bir şehir ve onun yarattığı karakterler kurmacalarında geçmiş ile şimdi arasında kurulan bir bağla varlık kazanır. Bu bağlamda onun ilk ama aynı zamanda sonraki eserlerinin bir prototipi olan Londra Yanıyor, farklı bölüm açılışları ile küçük hikayelerden ana bir hikâyeye yol alır. Her bölümle her bir kurmaca karakterinin Londra yaşamı, bilinçli bir şekilde mercek altına tutulur. Kitabın olay örgüsü, her bir olayın diğer bir olayla görünmeyen veya önemsiz gibi görünen etkili bir ilişkiler bütünü üzerine kurulur. Farklı ve ilginç karakterler, yüzyıllar ötesindeki yazar ve eserlerinin hala yankılandığı Londra’nın gizemli geçmişine kök salarak hayat bulmuş gibidir. Bunların içinde Cambridge’de akademisyen Rowan Philips, Ackroyd’un özellikle kurmaca içinde oynadığı ve böylelikle dikkat çektiği bir ana karakterdir. Rowan, 1666 meşhur Londra Yangını’nın hala sönmeyen bir ateşi olarak okur karşısına çıkar ve görünen kişiliğinin gerisinde görünmeyen güçlü bir üst kimlikle diğer karakterler üzerinde baskındır. Onun, her bir karakterin yaşamına gizli ve dolaylı ama aynı zamanda olumsuz ve kasıtlı bir etkisi vardır. Bir tarafta başarılı, entelektüel, alanına hâkim ve geleceği parlak akademisyen Rowan diğer tarafta da Londra’da cinsel hazlarının peşinde koşan, erkek düşkünü, yalancı, farklı rollere kolayca bürünebilen, toplumsal sorumluluk ve merhametten yoksun, kısacası insani değerlerin yozlaştığı bir Rowan vardır. Rowan’ın bu ikinci ama asıl kişiliği, Cambridge’den daha çok Londra’da depreşir ve Londra gibi aydınlığın yarattığı korkunç karanlığın temsilcisidir. Ackroyd, bu sıradışı tiplemesi ile toplumda yer edinmiş üniversite ve akademisyen bakışını adeta yıkar ve onun yerine açık hava hapishanelerine benzettiği bir üniversiteyi ve bilgiyi vampirce emen, kendi haz ve doyumu için her şeyi yapa(bile)n bir tiplemeyi koyar. Edebiyatın alışkanlık kırma işlevini ustaca kullanan Ackroyd, günümüz akademisyen kimliğini farklı uç noktalara çekerek sorgular ve kurmaca yoluyla insanların gözündeki saygın ve imrenilen akademisyen algısını derinden sarsmaktadır.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Prevalence and temporal trend of prematurity in Brazil before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a historical time series analysis, 2011-2021
Authors: Alberton Marcos , Rosa Vanessa Martins , Iser Betine Pinto Moehlecke
Published: March 2023

Abstract Objective: to measure the prevalence of prematurity according to the Brazilian macro-regions and maternal characteristics over the past 11 years; to compare the proportions during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2021) with those of the historical series (2011-2019). Methods: this was an ecological study, with data from the Live Birth Information System; the prevalence was calculated according to year, macro-region and maternal characteristics; time series analysis was performed using Prais-Winsten regression model. Results: the prevalence of preterm birth in 2011-2021 was 11.1%, stable; the average in the pandemic period 11.3% (95%CI 11.2;11.4%) was similar to that of the base period 11.0% (95%CI 10.6;11.5%); the North region (11.6%) showed the highest proportion between 2011 and 2021; twin pregnancy (56.3%) and pregnant women who had 4-6 prenatal care visits (16.7%) showed an increasing trend (p-value < 0.001); the highest prevalence was observed for extremes of maternal age, pregnant women of Black race/skin color, indigenous women and those with lower level of education. Conclusion: preterm birth rates were highest for socially vulnerable pregnant women, twin pregnancies and in the North; stable prevalence, with no difference between periods.
Evaluation of breast cancer screening indicators in the female population using the National Health System, Brazil, 2018-2019: a descriptive study
Authors: Tomazelli Jeane , Dias Maria Beatriz Kneipp , Ribeiro Caroline Madalena , Assis Mônica de , Pla Maria Asunción Sole , Canella Ellyete de Oliveira , Migowski Arn
Published: March 2023

Abstract Objetive: to analyze breast cancer screening monitoring indicators in the female population using the Brazilian National Health System, from 2018 to 2019. Methods: this was a descriptive study based on Cancer Information System (SISCAN) data; screening indicators were calculated following deterministic linkage of the mammography and histopathology databases. Results: in 2018, 807,430 women aged 50 to 69 years were screened for breast cancer, 91% of whom had a benign result, 1.8% probably benign, 6.7% inconclusive results and 0.5% results suggestive of cancer; the positive mammogram rate was 9.0%; biopsy was estimated to be indicated for 1.6% of the women, 33.9% of whom had a malignant result, and the cancer confirmation rate was 5.4 per 1,000 women. Conclusion: high benign lesion loss to follow-up was identified; the positive mammogram rate was lower than the international parameter, but the cancer detection rate was adequate and the percentage of inconclusive mammograms was acceptable.
Optical and photoelectrical properties of low-concentration-Mn-doped CsPbBr3 nanocrystals
Authors: Bhardwaj Aditya , Kushwaha Ajay Kumar
Published: March 2023

Doping of cesium lead bromide (CsPbBr3) perovskite nanocrystals offers effective control of their optical and optoelectrical properties, leading to possibilities of several new applications. Herein, cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals are synthesized with doping of a low concentration of manganese (Mn) into the perovskite lattice using manganese (II) chloride (MnCl2) as a precursor. The shift in X-ray diffraction peaks toward higher angles indicates that manganese as a dopant is present inside the cesium lead bromide lattice. A change in the manganese (II) chloride precursor concentration from 5 to 10 mmol results in an increment in the atomic percentage of manganese from 0.3 to 0.5% in the cesium lead bromide crystal. Doping of a low concentration of manganese (0.3 at.%) into cesium lead bromide results in enhancement of green emission, while doping with a higher concentration of manganese (0.5 at.%) results in blue emission. The band gap of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals increases from 2.31 to 2.53 eV with an increase in the concentration of manganese. The dark and photoelectrical conductivity of cesium lead bromide nanocrystals is improved in the case of doping with a low concentration (0.3 at.%) of manganese. The ratio of photocurrent against dark current is found to be ∼182 in manganese-doped cesium lead bromide crystal film as compared with ∼101 for undoped cesium lead bromide crystal film. Doping with a low concentration of manganese improves the overall electrical and photoelectrical conductivity of cesium lead bromide perovskite nanocrystals.
A review of Fedrizzia mite species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Fedrizziidae) found in association with Australian Mastachilus beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae)
Authors: Seeman Owen
Published: March 2023

Mites of the genus Fedrizzia from passalid beetles of the genus Mastachilus are reviewed, and two new species, Fedrizzia classeni sp. nov. and Fedrizzia humei sp. nov. are described, both associated with Mastachilus polyphyllus (Macleay, 1826). Fedrizzia oudemansi Womersley, 1959, is redescribed and shown to occur only on the southern form of Mastachilus australasicus (Percheron, 1841); previous records of this mite from M. polyphyllus are placed in F. classeni. A revised key to Fedrizzia is presented.
Revision and catalogue of worldwide staghorn corals Acropora and Isopora (Scleractinia: Acroporidae) in the Museum of Tropical Queensland
Authors:   Queensland Museum, Wallace Carden , Done Barbara , Muir Paul
Published: March 2023

Species of the reef-building coral genera Acropora and Isopora are reviewed and their synonymies, descriptions and distributions updated, following previous revisions in 1999 (Acropora) and 2007 (Isopora). A catalogue is given of all specimens of these genera in the Worldwide Staghorn Coral Collection in the Museum of Tropical Queensland, Australia, providing geographic records from present-day Indo-Pacific and Atlantic species. The collection includes primary types of 61 species, numerous secondary types, topotypes and fragments of types donated by other museums and specimens represented in more than 59 publications during a period of intense coral research in late 20th and early 21st centuries. One new species, Acropora arafura, is described from Northern Australia and species newly added to the collection since 1999 are included.
Expansion microscopy with R1441C LRRK2 MEF cells: visualization of Myc-RILPL1 and TMEM55B v1
Authors: A Hecht Chloe
Published: March 2023

Expansion microscopy is a super-resolution imaging technique that uses expandable hydrogels to increase the physical distance between fluorophores from fixed cells on coverslips. By isotropically expanding samples, the traditional wavelength-limited confocal microscopy imaging techniques can be improved upon ~4X in resolution. Here we use expansion techniques developed previously by others to confocal image TMEM55B and RILPL1. See below for more details and prior methods.
In Memory of Academician V.S. Stepin. Minsk International Conference
Authors: Dzisko-Schumann Marya R.
Published: March 2023

The paper presents a review of the international conference, that was held on November 24, 2022 in Minsk (Republic of Belarus) and dedicated to the memory of Academician V.S. Stepin.
The mediating role of satisfaction, norms, and conflict on families' food selection in Malaysia
Authors: Saleh Rosli , Wan Mohd Nasir Wan Mohd Nazdrol , Kok Wei Goh
Published: March 2023

Human eating behavior in food selection can be influenced by intrinsic values such as liking, taste, and odor, and extrinsic factors such as social, culture, and economy. Literature reviewed indicated that social, culture, family or group influences might outweigh the intrinsic trigger factors. Therefore, the objective of this study is to apply the proposed model by previous researchers in the Malaysian family setting. The model proposed the relationship between personal norms with satisfaction, social norms and preference conflict in making family food selection. This study was done in Klang Valley using the convenience sampling method and data were gathered using a questionnaire survey form. Survey respondents were Malaysians of at least 18 years of age, married with children and those who were responsible for preparing the meal for family members. 190 respondents participated in this study. The result showed that there is a significant mediating role by satisfaction and social norms, between personal norm and family food selection, while preference conflict is not a significant mediator. Mediation analysis and regression analysis was done to determine the most influential factors in family food selection and found the mediating role of social norms as the strongest compared to satisfaction. In conclusion, the model of personal norms, satisfaction, social norms, and preference conflict proposed by previous researchers, which was done in Western countries, had different results when applied to the Malaysian family setting. This could be due to the culture of more consensuses rather than individualism practiced by most Malaysian families compared to western families as far as family food selection is concerned.
İş Yerlerinde Psikososyal Risk Yönetimi Süreci ve İyi Uygulama Örnekleri
Authors: AKKAYA Betül , OCAKTAN Mine Esin
Published: March 2023

Önemli bir halk sağlığı ve iş sağlığı ve güvenliği sorunu olan psikososyal riskleri uygun şekilde yönetmek toplum ve işletmeler açısından büyük önem arz etmektedir. Avrupa'da her üç çalışandan birinin iş stresinden etkilendiği bildirilmiştir. Büyük Britanya’da 2020-21’de işle ilgili bir hastalığı olan çalışanların yaklaşık yarısının işle ilgili stres, depresyon veya anksiyete yaşadığı bildirilmiştir. Psikososyal risk yönetimi, “iş yerindeki psikososyal risklere risk yönetimi çerçevesinin uygulanması” olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Psikososyal risk yönetimi iş sağlığı ve güvenliği uygulamalarının merkezinde yer almaktadır. Etkin ve uygun psikososyal risk yönetimi sistematik ve normal iş etkinliklerinin bir parçası olmalı; süreci motive eden ya da engelleyen unsurlar dikkate alınmalıdır. Yöneticiler dahil tüm çalışanlar süreci sahiplenmeli; katılımcı bir yaklaşımla risk değerlendirmesi yapılmalıdır. Ayrıca etkili psikososyal risk yönetimi için iş yerlerinde ortaya çıkabilecek yeni psikososyal riskler dikkatle araştırılmalı; sorunun boyutu, müdahaleler ve etkilerini sistematik olarak değerlendiren kapsamlı bilimsel araştırmalar yapılmalı; uygulaması kolay yeni risk değerlendirme ve yönetimi araçları geliştirilmelidir.
Beşikten Mezara Yaşam Boyu Devam Eden Mikrobiyota
Authors: DÖĞÜŞ Yusuf , DEAMİ Amin , DÖĞÜŞ Sertap , YÖNDEN Zafer
Published: March 2023

Vücudun bazı bölgesindeki mikrobiyal bileşim, insan kronolojik yaşını nispeten doğru bir şekilde tahmin edebilir. Belirli mikroorganizmaların belirli yaşlarda neden daha bol olduğu büyük ölçüde bilinmemekle birlikte, insan mikrobiyota araştırmaları, doğum ve ölüm arasında meydana gelen bir dizi mikrobiyal topluluk dönüşümünü aydınlatmıştır. Bireyin mikrobiyotanın aktivitesi ve bileşimi, konağın genetik geçmişi, yaşı, diyeti ve sağlık durumundan etkilendiği bilinmektedir. Formülle beslenen bebeklere kıyasla anne sütü ile beslenen bebekler, gençlere kıyasla yaşlılar ve asırlık insanlar, zayıf bireylere kıyasla obezler, sağlıklı veya inflamatuar barsak hastalıklarından (IBH) muzdarip insanlar arasındaki mikrobiyota bileşimi ve aktivitesindeki farklılıklar gösterilmiştir. Bu derlemede, doğumdaki birincil ardışıklıktan, hastalık veya antibiyotik kullanımına bağlı kesintilere ve ölümde mikrobiyal genişlemeye kadar olan aşamaları göstermektedir. Bu çalışmayla, insan bağırsak mikrobiyotasının işlevselliğine ilişkin mevcut anlayışımızı beşikten mezara kadar incelemekteyiz.
Hydrovolcanic Explosions at the Lava Ocean Entry of the 2018 Kilauea Eruption Recorded by Ocean-Bottom Seismometers
Authors: Banerjee Puja , Shen Yang
Published: March 2023

From the beginning of May 2018, the Kilauea Volcano on the island of Hawaii experienced its largest eruption in 200 yr followed by a period of unrest for months. Because hot molten lava entered the ocean from the ocean-entry point near the lower East Rift Zone, the lava–water interaction led to explosions. Some explosions were near the water surface and ejected fragments of lava, also known as lava bombs. In the early morning on 16 July 2018, one of those lava bombs, which was almost the size of a basketball, hit a sightseeing boat and injured 23 people. In this study, we analyzed the hydrophone data recorded from July to mid-September by ocean-bottom seismometers (OBSs) deployed offshore near the ocean entry point to identify and locate the hydroacoustic signals of the lava–water explosions. Acoustic signals of hydrovolcanic explosions are characterized by a short duration (less than a few seconds) and a broad frequency range (at least up to 100 Hz). To automate event detection, a short-term average versus long-term average method was applied to the complete dataset. Approximately 4300 events were detected and located near the coastline and further used to prepare a catalog. The distribution of the lava–water explosions is consistent with the pattern of the offshore lava delta formed during the 2018 eruption. Identifying such hydroacoustic signals recorded by OBSs may provide new avenues of research using various seismoacoustic events associated with volcanic eruptions.
Perfil Epidemiológico dos Pacientes Submetidos à Testagem-Rápida para Covid-19 em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família: os Diagnósticos de Enfermagem mais Frequentes
Authors: Teles Machado Cynthia Fernanda
Published: March 2023

O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi descrever o perfil epidemiológico e levantar diagnósticos de enfermagem mais frequentes segundo a taxonomia NANDA-I 2021-2023 entre pacientes submetidos à testagem-rápida para COVID-19 em uma Unidade de Saúde da Família. Trata-se de um estudo documental, descritivo e de abordagem quantitativa através da análise de 200 prontuários de pacientes que procuraram uma Unidade de Saúde da Família, localizada em um município no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul, para a realização de testagem-rápida para COVID-19 durante os meses de agosto a dezembro de 2021. A maioria dos pacientes que procuraram o exame eram do gênero feminino; assim como da etnia autodeclarada branca. Houve maior procura entre a faixa etária dos 21 a 30 anos, com poucos pacientes acima dos 60 anos. Apesar de coriza e congestão nasal terem sido os sintomas mais evidenciados, o diagnóstico de enfermagem mais frequente observado foi “dor aguda”. Conhecer os principais diagnósticos de enfermagem, a partir da análise destes pacientes e estabelecendo os diagnósticos de enfermagem, faz-se mais efetivamente o cuidado, podendo melhorar os resultados frente a essa patologia que mesmo após 2 anos de declarada a pandemia, ainda se mantém de certa forma uma incógnita e requer atenção em âmbito  global de saúde pública.
 
Palavras-chave: COVID-19. Coronavírus. Diagnósticos de Enfermagem.
 
Abstract
The objective of the present research was to describe the epidemiological profile and survey the most frequent nursing diagnoses according to the NANDA-I 2021-2023 taxonomy among patients undergoing rapid testing for COVID-19 in a Family Health Unit. This is a documental, descriptive study with a quantitative approach through the analysis of 200 medical records of patients who sought a Family Health Unit, located in a municipality in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul, for testing. -fast for COVID-19 during the months from August to December 2021. Most patients who sought the testing  were female, as well as they self-declared white ethnicity. There was greater demand among the age group from 21 to 30 years old, with few patients over 60 years old. Although runny nose and nasal congestion were the most evident symptoms, the most frequent nursing diagnosis observed was “acute pain”. Knowing the main nursing diagnoses from the analysis of these patients and establishing the nursing diagnoses, care is more effectively done, and can improve the results against this pathology that even after 2 years of declared the pandemic, it remains in a certain way unknown and requires global public health attention.
 
Keywords: COVID-19. Coronavirus. Nursing Diagnoses.
Análisis figurativo en tres poemas de Jorge Eduardo Eielson
Authors: Delgado Del Aguila Jesús Miguel
Published: March 2023

Este artículo se enfoca en tres poemas del escritor peruano Jorge Eduardo Eielson. La adscripción conveniente para efectuarla se basa en las categorías fluctuadas de la retórica general textual, que ejercen una taxonomía que comprende múltiples figuras retóricas según coincidencias temáticas y axiomáticas. Para este caso, en una primera instancia, recurro al concepto de los campos figurativos, que desarrolla Stefano Arduini. Luego, retomo el paradigma de Pierre Fontanier en torno a la tipología de figuras. Para finiquitar, opto por la adquisición de la metáfora orientacional, fundamentada por Lakoff y Johnson. El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar un análisis pormenorizado, supeditado a cada propuesta mencionada. Así, se explicarán las distintas percepciones que se extraen de la cosmovisión del autor.
Aplicação de ferramentas da qualidade para minimizar a porcentagem de defeitos em compósitos cimento-madeira
Authors: Silva Maria Fernanda Felippe , Araujo Camilla Kawane Ceciliano de Carvalho , Prates Glaucia Aparecida
Published: March 2023

Atualmente, devido ao enorme apelo ambiental, estão sendo usados produtos mais sustentáveis e renováveis; um exemplo disso são os compósitos cimento-madeira. Esses compósitos são utilizados na construção civil como isolantes termoacústicos e em usos não estruturais, como forros e revestimento de parede, porém a incidência de defeitos pode limitar sua utilização, principalmente quando produzidos em nível laboratorial. Devido a isso, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi aplicar e analisar ferramentas da qualidade no processo produtivo de compósitos cimentícios com madeira de Eucalyptus grandis. Os corpos de prova foram produzidos conforme a norma NBR 7215 (ABNT, 2019) seguindo o traço de 1: 0,1: 0,6 de cimento, madeira e água, respectivamente. Foram realizados os ensaios de densidade, módulo de elasticidade e resistência à compressão aos sete dias, e a análise foi realizada por meio do software MiniTab; as ferramentas utilizadas foram diagrama de Pareto, diagrama de Ishikawa, gráfico por variáveis e capacidade de processo. Foi possível analisar que os principais defeitos foram a incidência de pequenos poros, rompimento por esmagamento e resistência à compressão aos sete dias inferior a 5 MPa. Os compósitos podem ser utilizados como blocos de vedação em sistemas construtivos leves e o processo produtivo se mostrou aceitável, embora melhorias, como a mecanização da produção, possam ser realizadas no processo produtivo a fim de corrigir esses defeitos.
O perfil discente e desempenho acadêmico de universitários em tempos de pandemia Covid-19
Authors: Pereira da Silva Ádria , Luiz Silva da Costa Teógenes , De Aguiar Valentim Lívia , Smidt Celere Meschede Marina
Published: March 2023

O objetivo desse estudo consistiu em avaliar o perfil e o desempenho de acadêmicos de cursos da área da saúde em tempos de pandemia Covid-19 em uma Universidade pública localizada no interior da Amazônia. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo-quantitativo, realizado por meio de um questionário online com 50 acadêmicos de idade entre 18 a 52 anos no período de setembro a novembro de 2021. Os resultados mostraram que a maioria dos acadêmicos participantes foram mulheres (82%), apontaram estado civil de solteiro (76%) e com renda mensal de até dois salários-mínimos (62%). Durante a pandemia os participantes conseguiram manter suas atividades físicas de pelo menos três vezes na semana (42%) e a maioria (66%) não apresentou vínculo empregatício. Quanto as questões de saúde os resultados mostraram que os acadêmicos (60%) não testaram positivo para Covid-19 até dia 30 de novembro de 2021 e não necessitaram de afastamentos e/ou internações por motivos de doenças (76%). Em relação ao desempenho acadêmico, discentes relataram (62%) apresentar espaço para estudos em domicílio, o uso celular para assistir as aulas (50%) através do wifi (68%), que não ter aulas práticas impacta negativamente no desempenho (82%), e que tiveram dificuldades em algum momento com assuntos trabalhados online (90%). Verificou-se que a maior dificuldade dos acadêmicos esteve relacionada ao entendimento dos conteúdos na sala de aula virtual. A partir dos resultados, conclui-se que o momento pandêmico ocasionado pelo novo coronavírus afetou a forma de ensino aprendizagem desses universitários e trouxe desafios importantes que influenciaram no desempenho acadêmico.
Assessment of the ecological state of water bodies of the drainless area of the Ob-Irtysh River basin
Authors: Rybkina I. D. , Yanygina L. V. , Gubarev M. S. , Burmistrova O. S. , Kotovshchikov A. V.
Published: March 2023

Aim. Assess the current state of water bodies, compare with retrospective study data, update the bank of hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological information.

Material and Methods. Three groups of indicators were used: hydrological, hydrochemical and hydrobiological. Hydrological measurements were carried out to determine the flow of water in the rivers and their sections not covered by the Roshydromet observation system. Hydrochemical analysis of samples was carried out by ion chromatography and spectrophotometry and included the determination of basic cations and anions, organic substances and biogens. The assessment of water quality by hydrobiological indicators was carried out using the structural characteristics of phyto- and zooplankton.

Results. According to environmental and sanitary indicators, the water quality of only three rivers - Solonovka, Cheremshanka and Burla (downstream) - belongs to class 4 (polluted waters). Most of the rivers have the 2nd class of water quality (clean).

Conclusions. A trend towards an increase in the level of mineralization and metamorphization of the chemical composition of natural waters in the inland region of the Ob-Irtysh interfluve was revealed. The pollution of water bodies with organic substances and biogens was noted.
National and regional experience in the implementation of environmental education for sustainable development and preservation of regional natural and cultural heritage
Authors: Nedurmagomedov G. G. , Ataev Z. V.
Published: March 2023

Aim. The article is to identify effective conditions for the development of ecological culture in Dagestan schools in the interests of sustainable regional development.

Material and Methods. To achieve this goal, adequate methods were used, taking into account the specifics of each stage of the work: analysis of scientific literature (psychological-pedagogical, methodological and environmental), regulatory and programme-methodical documents about the problem; observation, pedagogical experiment, testing, study of pedagogical experience and methods of mathematical processing of experimental results (%2-criterion).

Results. The development of the global environmental crisis has set before society the task of survival and ensuring the existence of mankind, in the context of the concept of "sustainable development of mankind", considered as development that meets the needs of the present and does not jeopardize the ability of future generations to meet their needs. This allows us to state the relevance of introducing effective models of environmental education for sustainable development (one-subject, multisubject and mixed) into school curricula. The results of the study show the effectiveness of various types of ecologisation (subject, inter-subject and meta-subject) and the "mixed model". A textbook on regional ecology (Ecology of Dagestan) was developed, taking into account the specifics of the laws of functioning of the ecosystems of the planet and the region. With the inclusion of regional ecology in the "mixed model", school environmental education for sustainable development has been completed.

Conclusions. Environmental education in the interests of sustainable development and preservation of the natural and cultural heritage of the region is effective in the greening of school disciplines and the use of a "mixed model", and the inclusion of a national and regional component in their content.
Analysis of atmospheric deposition in the territory of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania by biomonitoring data
Authors: Kamanina I. Z. , Kaplina S. P. , Gustova M. V. , Chigoeva Dz. N. , Vinogradov I. I.
Published: March 2023

Attention to the tourism potential of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania is increasing with the attendant need to monitor and control atmospheric air pollution.

Aim. The assessment of the possibility of using mosses as biomonitors for determining the content of heavy metals and other trace elements in the atmosphere of the territory of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania.

Material and Methods. The green mosses Hylocomium splendens and Pleurosium schreberi were used as bioindicators. Multi-element chemical analysis of mosses was carried out using X-ray fluorescence and the morphology and composition of dust fallouts on the moss surfaces was studied using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an X-ray energy-dispersive spectrometer.

Results. The maximum concentration of Pb, Zn, Cr, As, Sn, Sb, Ba, Cd, Cu, Ti, Ce, As, Fe, Sr is observed in mosses in areas of the territory with a high aerotechnogenic load. The analysis of biomonitor moss in the area of the Fiagdonna tailing dump indicates that recultivation measures had been effective. Toxic elements fall on moss surface in form of fine particles as large as 1 micron and pose a danger to human health.

Conclusions. The abnormally high content of Zn, Pb, Cd, Cu, Ce, As, Fe, Sr, Ti, Ba in the composition of biomonitor mosses was registered in the zone of influence of mining and processing enterprises (in the area of the Unal tailings dump) and metallurgical industries in Vladikavkaz (JSC Electrozinc and JSC Pobedit. The base source of toxic elements was determined to be fine aerotechnogenic particles that accumulate on the surface of mosses, thus confirming the high efficiency of their use for monitoring. The territory near the village of Dur Dur can be recommended as a background for ecological and geochemical research.
Transformation of Water Consumption and Sanitation in the Russian Part of the Transboundary Ural River Basin
Authors: Demin A. P.
Published: March 2023

Aim. Study of the transformation of water consumption and wastewater disposal in the Russian part of the Ural River basin. Ural in 1995-2020 due to changing socio-economic and technological conditions.

Materials and Methods. The data of state statistical reporting (form 2-TP (vodkhoz)) for the period 1995-2020 were used. Materials of the AllRussian Agricultural Census of 2016, collections of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, "Agro-industrial Complex of Russia", on the commissioning of irrigated lands, the regional Department of Land Reclamation and reports on the state and environmental protection for the constituent entities of the Russian Federation were consulted. The study was carried out on the basis of a systematic approach using the following methods: (1) analytical (collection and systematization of primary information); (2) special (tables compiled, charts constructed; (3) statistical data processing and comparative analysis.

Results. It was revealed that from 1995 to 2020 water intake in the Russian part of the Ural River basin to meet the needs of the population and the economy was reduced by 2.4 times. The average daily specific water consumption per 1 inhabitant has decreased in all regions. The water cycle coefficient in the basin increased from 73 to 88%. In recent years, an increase in the area of irrigated land has begun.

Conclusion. There has been a noticeable reduction in water consumption and wastewater disposal in the Russian part of the Ural River basin. This is mainly due to the decline in industrial and agricultural production, as well as the development of circulating water supply in industry and the introduction of water-saving equipment in housing and communal services.
Editorial – A Glimpse into the Future of Medical Education in Sudan
Authors: H. Ahmed Mohamed
Published: March 2023

This is an Editorial and does not have an abstract. Please download the PDF or view the article in HTML.
Epidemiological Aspects and Antibiotics Susceptibility Patterns of Streptococcus pyogenes Isolated from Subjects with Tonsillitis, Sudan
Authors: Bushra Ahmed Elnaim , Ali Abu Groun Elsir , Saad Almugadam Babiker , Musa Alobaid Ahmed Yousif , Mudawe Nurain Mudawe Aymen , Abakar Babiker Nassir , Abuzeid Nadir
Published: March 2023

Background: Globally, Streptococcus pharyngitis is a major public health challenge. The current study investigates the prevalence of Streptococcal pyogenes among children under 17 years old in ENT Kosti Teaching Hospital and examines the susceptibility of isolated S. pyogenes strains to commonly used antibiotics.Methods: A total of 384 throat swabs were obtained from children under the age of 17 who attended the Kosti Teaching Hospital between 2019 and 2021. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated by conventional microbiology procedures. Each S. pyogenes strain was subjected to antibiotic susceptibility testing according to the CLSI guidelines.Results: Most participants of this study were females 219 (57%) and aged between 5 and 10 years 259 (67.4%). Out of the 384 participants, 134 (34.9%) and 255 (66.4%) suffered from lymphadenopathy and tonsil hyperplasia, respectively. Interestingly, lymphadenopathy and tonsil hyperplasia were more (P 0.05) in the 5–10 age group than those aged 11–16 years. Moreover, 41.4% of the participants were infected by a GAS sore throat. GAS sore throat is significantly associated with lymphadenopathy (AOR: 2.375, 95% CI: 1.479–3.815, P 0.000) and tonsil hyperplasia (AOR: 3.374, 95% CI: 1.939–5.874, P 0.000). Notably, males (AOR: 0.853, 95% CI: 0.549–1.325, P 0.479) and individuals aged 5–10 years (AOR: 0.867, 95% CI: 0.464–1.618, P 0.654) were less likely to have a GAS sore throat. In our study, all isolated strains were sensitive to penicillin. Clindamycin, azithromycin, and erythromycin resistance were observed in 7 (4.4%), 44 (27.7%), and 47 (29.6%) isolates, respectively.Conclusion: The study displayed the current situation of GAS sore throat in the White Nile state. Penicillin was found to be the effective drug to cure S. tonsillitis but a high rate of resistance to macrolides was noticed which is an alarming sign.