bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERAN PENYULUH PADA PROSES ADOPSI INOVASI PETANI DALAM MENUNJANG PEMBANGUNAN PERTANIAN
Authors: Sofia Sofia , Suryaningrum Fadila Leony , Subekti Sri
Published: July 2022

Pembangunan berkelanjutan merupakan sebuah paradigma yang muncul akibat adanya industrialisasi yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah. Pembangunan berkelanjutan bisa didefinisikan sebagai pembangunan secara suistainable yang memperhatikan kelangsungan hidup generasi selanjutnya dengan upaya yang berwawasan lingkungan. Menyebarkan inovasi kepada petani merupakan salah satu peran dan tugas penyuluh pertanian agar petani mau mengadopsi dan menerapkan teknologi pertanian dalam kegiatan usahataninya sehingga pendapatan dan kesejahteraan petani meningkat. Berdasarkan permasalahan tersebut peneliti ingin menganalisis bagaimana peran penyuluh pertanian dalam proses adopsi inovasi petani dalam pembangunan pertanian. Penelitian ini merupakan studi literatur (library research) dengan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa peran penyuluh pertanian dalam proses adopsi inovasi, yaitu sebagai fasilitator, sebagai komunikator,  sebagai motivator dan konsultan, dan sebagai pendamping teknis. Dalam proses transfer teknologi, penyuluh berperan sebagai pelatih, sebagai inovator, sebagai pendidik, sebagai  pembimbing, sebagai organisator, sebagai teknisi dan konsultan, dan juga sebagai advokasi.
HOSPITAIS/MATERNIDADES DE JUIZ DE FORA E PROFISSIONAIS ATUANTES NO MÉTODO CANGURU
Authors: Da Silva Velasco Stefany Gomes
Published: July 2022

Objetivou-se identificar quantos hospitais/maternidades trabalhavam com o Método Canguru, quais profissionais atuavam com o Método, qual o tempo de implantação em cada instituição e em qual etapa o fisioterapeuta atuava. Trata-se de um estudo quantitativo, descritivo e observacional, por meio de um levantamento de dados e aplicação de questionário em hospitais ou maternidades da cidade de Juiz de Fora-MG que oferecem o serviço.  A pesquisa foi realizada em duas instituições: na instituição A, o Método era realizado há um ano, a enfermaria possuía dois leitos e o fisioterapeuta atuava em todas as etapas. Na instituição B, o Método era realizado há 3 anos, a enfermaria possuía 8 leitos e o fisioterapeuta atuava nas 1ª e 2ª etapas. Observando-se que o Método Canguru tem efeito positivo nos recém-nascidos pré-termos e que a equipe multidisciplinar é de extrema importância tanto para o neonato como para a sua família, sugere-se que outros estudos sejam realizados sobre o Método e que outras instituições que o utilizam possam ser pesquisadas para mostrar mais da sua efetividade em nossa região.
PERFIL DE INTERNAÇÃO DE IDOSOS EM TERAPIA INTENSIVA: TRAUMAS POR CAUSAS EXTERNAS
Authors: Lopes Thaynara Ferreira , Carlos Vinicius Moreira Lima  , Antônia Larissa Melo Feitosa  , Francisco Hamilton Andrade Leite Junior  , Vitoria Maria da Silva Matias  , Maria Célia de Freitas
Published: July 2022

Este estudo visa conhecer o perfil do idoso vítima de traumas por acidentes externos internado na Unidade de Terapia Intensiva de um hospital de urgência e emergência. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de natureza documental, descritiva, de caráter transversal e abordagem quantitativa. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em um hospital de emergência localizado na cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará. O estudo foi realizado entre novembro e dezembro de 2021. A população é constituída por 35 pacientes e os dados foram coletados por meio dos prontuários e preenchimento de um formulário. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se a estatística por meio do software SPSS. Observou-se média de 75 anos de idade, dos quais 62,9% são do sexo masculino e 37,1% do sexo feminino. Quanto ao perfil de pacientes, observaram-se: idosos aposentados (57,1%), residentes na cidade de Fortaleza (45,7), presença de comorbidades, como hipertensão arterial sistêmica (48,6%) e diabetes mellitus (31,4), em uso de polifarmácia (77,1%), tipo de acidente relacionado à queda da própria altura em via pública (60%) e o tipo de trauma evidenciado foi o traumatismo cranioencefálico (77,1%). Ao relacionar as alterações fisiológicas do envelhecimento às comorbidade, aliadas ao trauma sofrido, essa população requer um atendimento intensivo e contínuo.
DEMANDAS EM SAÚDE MENTAL: COMPARAÇÃO DE REGISTROS ANTES E DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19
Authors: De Freitas Florêncio Isís Dennisy , Soares Moura Maria Edileuza
Published: July 2022

O presente estudo teve como objetivo comparar, por meio de séries temporais, os registros do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde acerca da demanda em saúde mental nas macrorregiões de saúde do estado do Maranhão, antes e durante a pandemia de covid-19. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico de caráter quantitativo, que utilizou o número de atendimentos ambulatoriais, por local de atendimento nas macrorregiões de saúde do Maranhão, coletado em março de 2022, abrangendo o período de 2019 a 2021. Verificou-se que os atendimentos apresentaram redução em todo o estado no primeiro trimestre após a decretação da pandemia, sustentando-se por todo o ano em 2020. Também se observou que a atenção psicossocial foi responsável pelo maior número de atendimentos em saúde mental no período investigado. Por fim, tal estudo evidencia a importância do registro correto nos sistemas de informação, a fim de fornecer os dados necessários para o aprimoramento de políticas públicas em saúde e consequente qualificação do cuidado.
PKM bagi Pengelola Koperasi Pesantren Kementerian Agama RI
Authors: Juniawaty Rudeva , Juriah Siti
Published: July 2022

Program ini bertujuan untuk mempersiapkan sumber daya manusia yang unggul untuk mempercepat transformasi digital bidang kewirausahaan dalam rangka meningkatkan ekonomi digital. Dengan target program DEA salah satunya adalah menjadikan pelaku UMKM naik kelas dengan cara meningkatkan kemampuan berwirausaha secara digital dengan pilihan berbagai macam platform. Metode yang digunakan dalam pelatihan adalah metode ceramah plus yaitu pemateri menyampaikan materi dan peserta memberikan pertanyaan pada sesi tanya jawab. Pelatihan dilaksanakan secara daring melalui media zoom meeting. Pelatihan ini merupakan kerjasama antara Balai Pelatihan dan Pengembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi Cikarang (BPPTIK) KOMINFO dan beberapa perguruan tinggi dengan mitra pengelola koperasi pesantren yang terdapat di Indonesia. Para peserta pelatihan mendapatkan pengetahuan tentang apa saja yang perlu dipersiapkan sebelum menjual produk di platform digital. Peserta juga diberikan materi tentang bagaimana cara mengoptimalkan penjualan produk di platform digital serta langkah – langkah penting yang dapat dilakukan setelah bertransaksi dengan pelanggan.
Derecho al parque y la niñez urbana: falta de justicia espacial en la periferia
Authors: Casillas-Zapata Amanda Melissa , Hinojosa-Hinojosa Karen
Published: July 2022

Las dinámicas socioeconómicas y de mercado han llevado a muchas ciudades a extenderse, y a las personas a adquirir una vivienda en la periferia, donde los costos son más asequibles, pero con el inconveniente de que las condiciones del entorno urbano son en su mayoría deficientes incluida la dotación de sus áreas verdes. Para el presente trabajo se seleccionaron los tres asentamientos que concentran la mayor densidad de población infantil (0-14 años) de la Zona Metropolitana de Monterrey. Se obtuvo la superficie de área verde de cada zona habitacional y, se determinaron los metros cuadrados de Espacio Público Efectivo, así como la proximidad a la vivienda en un radio de 400 metros. Entre las conclusiones se estableció que estos asentamientos se ubican en la periferia del área urbana y que la cantidad de metros cuadrados de área verde por habitante es menor con respecto al promedio metropolitano.
Tingkat Keberhasilan Inseminasi Buatan (IB) Berdasarkan Service Per Conception Sapi Limousin Di Kecamatan Pekalongan Kabupaten Lampung Timur
Authors: Wibowo Ardi , Eka wati Novi , Wicaksana Kunaifi
Published: July 2022

This research aims to knowing how the success rate of IB limousine cattle based on S/C in Pekalongan District, East Lampung Regency and knowing the factors that influence the success of IB based on S/C in Pekalongan District, East Lampung Regency. The method in this study is a survey method and data obtained by census, all Limousin Cattle that received IB services by the inseminator were used as samples. The success rate of IB limousine cattle in Pekalongan District, East Lampung Regency seen from the S/C in Limousine cattle was included in the normal range of 1.64. The factors that influence the S/C value in Limousine cattle are the BCS score has a positive association with S/C with a value of 0.364, age at first mated has a positive association with S/C with a value of 1.82, the age of the parent is negatively associated with S/C with a value of 1.82 (-0.215) and the shape of the cage wall was negatively associated with S/C with a value of (-0.0643).
Pengembangan Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong Rakyat Berbasis Sumber Daya
Authors: Kesan Besari Ramadhan Bagus , Amam  , Romadhona Sukron , Rusdiana Supardi
Published: July 2022

Abstract
Smallholder farmers maintain beef cattle based on previous experience and information from fellow farmers. Success in livestock business is influenced by several aspects, both internally and externally. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of resource support on the development of smallholder beef cattle farming business. The research was conducted in Jetis Village, Curahdami Sub-District, Bondowoso District. The research variables consist of livestock farming business development (Y), economical resources (X1), social resources (X2), and environmental resources (X3). Methods of data collection is done by observation and survey. Data analysis was performed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) method using the SmartPLS 2.0 application. The results showed that livestock farming business development consisted of 4 (four) indicators, economical resources consisted of 5 (five) indicators, social resources consisted of 5 (five) indicators, and environmental resources consisted of 4 (four) indicators. The conclusion of the study shows that economical resources, social resources, and environmental resources have a positive and significant 38.9% effect on the development of smallholder beef cattle farming business.
Keywords: Resources, Beef Cattle, Smallhoulder Farming. Livestock Farming Business Development.
TO THE DEVELOPMENT METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES AND IMPLEMENTATION OF THE WATER STRATEGY OF UKRAINE
Authors: Moshynsky Victor , Zhovtonog Olga , Turchenyuk Vasily , Mandzyk Valeriy
Published: July 2022

Based on the generalization of international experience in reforming water management systems, a list of basic imperatives and principles, as well as the most common methods and tools of water policy development, which have been tested and successfully implemented in many countries.
In particular, the study considers a number of principles of state sectoral policies and management of reform processes, including: the application of systematic multi-disciplinary approaches to assessing the state of natural and technical social systems; adherence to the principles of sustainable development and integrated management; stakeholder participation at all stages of policy development and implementation; implementation of the principles of good governance; use of technological innovations, informatization and application of platform technologies.
Emphasis is placed on the fact that existing and promising sectoral strategies in the field of water protection and use should be based on a common intersectoral vision and the formation of relevant broader intersectoral strategic goals that address important national tasks of improving and developing water management.
An algorithm of the process of interaction between stakeholders and expert groups in the process of developing the Water strategy is proposed, which provides for: accumulation and analysis of data on the state of water resources and water use; performing a systematic analysis of the functioning of the industry; development of a general vision of the future state of water resources management; substantiation of strategy principles and development of indicators for quantitative assessment of strategy implementation results; determination of the main stages of the strategy and methods of their implementation; development of qualitative and quantitative scenarios of institutional changes in the water management complex, as well as the necessary technical and technological innovations for the long term.
It is substantiated that in order to ensure a transparent and clear process of development and implementation of the main provisions of the Water strategy, it is necessary to organize the national water dialogue with the participation of leading scientific and educational institutions in the field of water management.
PLACE OF ECOSYSTEM PAYMENTS IN THE STRUCTURE OF ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF NATURAL RESOURCES USE
Authors: Ilina Mariia
Published: July 2022

Development and implementation of the ecosystem payments conception into the academician framework aims to promote and applicate ecosystem approach into the natural resources management and provide their rational use and biodiversity’s conservation. In the paper the author defines ecosystem payments, substantiates their importance, place and role for the current economic mechanism of environmental policy in Ukraine. She proves further transformation of the mechanism should follow introduction of the ecosystem approach, application of relevant tools and support to agencies facilitating ecosystem payments.
Ecosystem payments as an instrument of the economic mechanism of nature management comprise all payments concurrent with the ecosystem approach framework. The payments have been designed to protect and preserve ecosystems, provide rational use of their resources and increase their capacity. The payments include fees for use of ecosystem resources and services, subsidies for the non-use, and costs necessary to restore contaminated or depleted ecosystems. Consequently, ecosystem payments are either obligatory (taxes for use of ecosystem resources, their contamination, exhaustion or degradation), or compensatory (reimbursement for use of ecosystems, subsidies for the non-use, and grants for introduction of better practices), or voluntary (for ecosystem services). Payments for ecosystem services assume an agreement between a user and a supplier should be assigned, a supplier owns the services or has the right to supply them, the market of ecosystem services operates, and methods to estimate the value of ecosystem services is approved.
In Ukraine economic mechanism of the nature management is based on the user pay principle and several instruments of financing environmental programs. So the identification of ecosystem payments with payments for ecosystem services considerably cuts down benefits from introduction of the ecosystem approach into the nature management. Further supplement of the nature management mechanism with ecosystem payments requires administrative, regulatory, financial, information and analytical tools, which should be appropriately modified and being well compatible.
ALGORITHM OF INTRODUCTION OF METHODS OF EVALUATION OF WATER-RELATED ECOSYSTEM ASSETS INTO NATURAL PRACTICE
Authors: Kolmakova Valentyna
Published: July 2022

The article is devoted to substantiation of scientific approaches to development of algorithm of introduction of methods of estimation of ecosystem assets connected with water, in practice of nature management of territorial communities. The algorithm of introduction of methods of estimation of ecosystem assets connected with water is offered to be carried out in two planes: 1) ordering of structural components of the estimation process; 2) streamlining the components of evaluation at different spatial levels (from local to national).
In the first direction the methodology, algorithm which provides two consecutive steps is offered:
• algorithmization of valuation of ecosystem services produced by water-related assets through the use of combinatorics of appropriate valuation methods;
• determining the contribution of water-related ecosystem assets as a separate component of the aggregate local ecosystem asset of a particular territorial community.
In the second direction the peculiarities of development of logistic algorithm of introduction of methods of estimation of ecosystem assets connected with water and its components in natural economic practice of territorial communities in the plane of using the approach of «parallel processing» on four key directions (levels), namely: information, management , organizational, legal and financial.
The possibility of applying key structural components of methods and parameters of valuation of ecosystem assets within the formation of a universal algorithm of the general approach to the assessment of aquatic ecosystems is investigated. In the context of assessing water-related ecosystem assets, the net present value (NPV) method of basic ecosystem assets is used. According to this approach, the calculation of the total value of the contribution of the component of ecosystem assets related to water, which amounted to UAH 37,279.8 thousand, was calculated on the example of the village of Semenivka of the Blagodatne United Territorial Community of the Pervomaisky District of the Mykolaiv Region. The scheme of algorithm of introduction of methods of estimation of ecosystem assets connected with water in practice of nature management of territorial communities is developed.
Pengaruh Citra Merek/Brand Image Terhadap Keputusan Pembelian Konsumen Pada Produk Eiger Palangka Raya
Authors: Uda Tonich , Alexandro Rinto , Rohaetin Sri , Sormin Junita Romasta , Fendy Hariatama
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of brand image (brand image) on purchasing decisions on Eiger Palangka Raya products. In conducting this research, the quantitative method is used, while the data collection is done by analyzing the data and submitting a questionnaire to buyers or customers at the Eiger Palangka Raya store. The population in this study were consumers or buyers at the Eiger Palangka Raya store and the sample was determined using the Slovin technique formula with 99 samples. Validity test is done through the calculation of IBM SPSS Statistics 23 while the test for relativity uses the Cronbach's alpha formula. The classical assumption test uses (1) validity test (2) reliability test and (3) normality test. Data analysis techniques using (1) Simple Linear Regression Analysis (2) Hypothesis testing: F test and T test (3) Determination Coefficient Test (R Square). From the calculation results of the simple linear regression coefficient between X and Y, namely Y = 25,824 + 0.432X it can be concluded that there is a significant influence between Brand Image / Brand Image on Purchasing Decisions. Hypothesis testing results F Test shows F arithmetic (4,478)> F table (3.09) with a significance level of 0,000 <0.05 and Hypothesis Testing T Test shows that t arithmetic (3,116)> t table (1,988) with a significance level of 0,000 < 0.05. Then it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and the hypothesis accepted is H1 which means that the Brand Image variable has a significant influence on the purchase decision variable. The result of the coefficient testing determines the value of R Square of 0.378 (37.8%). This means that 37.8% of Purchasing Decisions are influenced by Brand Image, and the remaining 62.2% is influenced by other factors.
Hydatidiform Mole; Histological Types and Age Distribution in Basrah
Authors: Ali Wafa , Manual Rasha , Al-Diab Jasim M
Published: July 2022

Background Hydatidiform mole (HM) is a placental pathology, which is a form of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD). HM is classified into complete hydatidiform mole (CHM) and partial hydatidiform mole (PHM). The incidence of molar pregnancy varies according to the geographical area. It is found to be higher in developing countries. Age is a risk factor for developing HM. In this study, we aim to determine the frequency of hydatidiform mole among cases of early trimester evacuation specimens and its relation to patient's age at Basrah maternity and paediatric hospital and Al- Mosawi private hospital.
 
Patients and Methods This was a descriptive retrospective study for a four-year period; all cases of early trimester evacuation specimens were from January 1, 2017, to December 31, 2020. All specimens were fixed in 10% formalin and dehydrated in graduated alcohol, (5) micron thickness sections were obtained, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and examined, and cases of CHM, PHM and RPOG were analyzed.
 
Results A total of 216 evacuation specimens were examined, and the patients age ranged from 14–50 years. Among these, 78.2% of patients were between 20 and 30 years. The percentage of RPOC was 54.2%, while that of CHM was 19.4% and that of PHM was 26.4%. The maximum cases of complete and partial mole were in the 20–30 years age group.
 
Conclusions The frequency of HM was high compared to many other studies.
Correlation between Body Mass Index and Serum Calcium levels in Adults Sudanese People, Gezira State
Authors: Alrayah Nesreen , Mak Ahmed , Saeed Osman , Modawe GadAllah
Published: July 2022

Background; Calcium is necessary nutrient for normal growth and development. The study aimed to document the normal values of serum calcium levels in healthy Sudanese adults in gezira state and its relation to the body mass index (BMI).
Patients and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2018 to 2021 in Gezira state on 534 adults,42.3% (226) were males and 57.7% (308) were females, age ranged from 20 and 60 years. A questionnaire was used for data collection to assess the essential demographic data. Three ml of blood was collected in heparin vacuum tubes and serum calcium was measured by Calcium-O-Cresolphthalein Complex one colorimetric method. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version (23). BMI was calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared (kg/m2). The participants were further grouped into four groups based on BMI as follows: underweight, normal, overweight and   obese.
Results: The mean serum calcium levels of participants with overweight and obese were (9.58± 0.68, 9.75 ± 0.64) respectively, for females (9.42 ± 0.63, 9.47 ± 0.62) respectively, for males as compared to (9.43 ± 0.72,9.52 ± 0.79) for females (9.26 ± 0.67, 9.35 ± 0.72) for males with underweight and normal BMI, respectively. BMI correlated positively and significantly with serum calcium levels in obese individuals (r = 0.72, P = 0.00).
Conclusion: Our study revealed that, serum calcium is positively associated with BMI in both sexes. Micronutrients such as calcium should be considered in the management of obesity/overweight.
Empiric Guideline Therapy for Simple Urinary Tract Infection at Outpatient Clinics: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: JAWAD Khalid
Published: July 2022

Background: Community-acquired urinary tract infection is a widespread problem encountered in the outpatient clinics of most hospitals. UTI has various clinical presentations; some are simple UTIs that can be managed with outpatient antibiotics. The current treatment of UTI is empirical, based on the limited and predictable spectrum of etiological microorganisms.
Objectives: To collect information on the susceptibility tests of microorganisms in simple urinary tract infections (UTIs) and outline the best empiric antimicrobial prescribed for them.
Methods: A total of 117 patients from 14 to 70 years of age (mean age = 43.61years, standard deviation = + 24.5) received the care of our surgical and urological outpatient clinics in Alnuman Teaching Hospital, Baghdad, Iraq, between March 1, 2019, and September 1, 2020. The patients who were showing symptoms of simple uncomplicated UTI and were prescribed empiric antibacterial treatment and requested for a sample of midstream urine for culture and sensitivity tests were enrolled in this prospective study. The susceptibility test for (ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim, gentamycin, and ceftriaxone) was performed using the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. The data were input into SPSS 22.0 for statistical analysis. Pearson’s chi-squared test was used to compare parameters. The data have been presented as the number of variables (n) and percentages (%). Statistical significance was set at P < 0.05.
Results: The frequencies of isolated uropathogens were as follows: E. coli, n = 65 (77.4%); Klebsiella spp., n = 9 (10.7%), Proteus spp., n = 3 (3.57%), Enterobacter spp., n = 3 (3.57%)., Staphylococcus spp., n = 2 (2.38%)., Pseudomonas spp., n = 1 (1.19%), and Candida spp., n = 1 (1.19%). The resistance rates of the most prevalent microorganisms were E. coli isolates to trimethoprim, ciprofloxacin, gentamycin, and ceftriaxone. The lower resistance rates to ceftriaxone in E. coli isolates (29.7%) was not clinically significant, with p < 0.05. Gentamycin showed significant sensitivity and resistance rates of 58.3% and 33.3% respectively, among the antimicrobials used (p < 0.05). The clinical effectiveness of empirical antimicrobial use in the treatment of simple UTIs showed no statistically significant correlation with P < 0.05.
Conclusions: Trimethoprim and ciprofloxacin should not be used in empirical therapy for UTIs because of their increased resistance rates. A review of the local guidelines should be considered.
Investigation of Hybrid Power System for Marine Applications
Authors: Sasilatha T. , Lakshmi D. , Vaijayanthimala J. K. , Padmashini R. K. , Priya S. , Padmapriya J. , Kumari K. S. Kavitha
Published: July 2022

Today’s Marine industries are undergoing transformation because of rapid growth of advancement in the field of automation. Shipping industries use hybrid propulsion systems to de-carbonize and orient the path towards zero emission. The renewable energy supply (RES) is utilized by reducing the dependence on imported conventional fossil fuels; greenhouse gas emissions produced by the usage of fossil fuels are reduced. Renewable green energy is used to generate power at the distribution level. Energy sources are distributed around the world. The utility's hybrid (wind/solar) power system has proven to be a reliable source of energy. In this article, PV and wind (hybrid) power used for marine applications with the reduction of fuel consumption is proposed. The hybrid buck boost converter used for regulating DC output voltage. A multi-level H bridge inverter between DC-DC converter and load provides the load's ac voltage requirement in hybrid systems. For a given output waveform quality, MLI topology provide lower THD and EMI output, higher efficiency and better output waveform. In order to design a multilevel inverter, a cascaded H-Bridge structure was adopted. PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) techniques enable the operation of Cascaded H Bridges to generate an approximate sine wave output from a multilayer inverter. To improve the hybrid system's performance, output of converter is supplied to the thirteen level H bridge inverter. This combination can maintain the appropriate voltage to load ratio. Voltage profile is improved by using H-bridge multilevel inverter. The proposed framework is re-enacted utilizing MATLAB/Simulink.
Climate Change and Its Impact Worldwide Particularly On Pakistan and Measures to Control Its Effects
Authors: Irfan Mahnoor , Samiullah Samiullah , Azba Irum , Haider Batool , Tahir Aleena , Samuel Karen , Yusma Yusma , younas Anfal , Atiq Bilal
Published: July 2022

Quantitative and qualitative data analysis shows that revolutionary climate changes have been observed in recent decades in world history. The earth’s temperature is rising to the ever-alarming limits the world is facing the noticeable and direct impacts of climate change in the form of extreme weather events, irregular precipitation, reduction in water resources, formless average temperature trends, other damages to natural ecosystems and human health due to green-house gases and anthropogenic emissions. Pakistan is one of the most affected countries globally. Previous studies confirmed the direct relationship of climate changes with drought, migration, flooding, diseases, poverty, un-equality, agriculture, Land and soil devastation, diseases, gender, and the impeding effect on the economy of Pakistan. Comparative excerpts are highlighted and solutions proffered; highlighting climate change policy objectives (CCPOs) based on symmetric principles, i.e., energy, transport, urban and town planning, industry, and agriculture as criteria, with 17 sub-criteria in total and strategies included.
Counter-Terrorism & Peace Operations: The Impacts of UN Security Council Approaches to Tackling Terror on the Pursuit of Peace
Authors: Hunt Charles T. , Zimmerman Shannon
Published: July 2022

United Nations peace operations are generally considered a poor vehicle for counter-terrorism. Yet, UN peace operations are regularly deployed by the Security Council to settings affected by terrorism and violent extremism. The confluence of terrorism and conflict make this co-existence inevitable, but some missions have also engaged more directly in countering these elements. For example, the UNSC continues to support the mission in Somalia, which actively faces terrorist threats, and has also deployed a peacekeeping mission to Mali amid a jihadist insurgency. At the same time, in places like the Democratic Republic of Congo, peace operations have engaged in offensive military operations that target groups labelled as “terrorists” by their host government partners. Academics and peacekeeping experts have raised concerns and noted the initial impacts of counter-terrorism efforts on UN peace operations. Building on this work, this brief draws on illustrative examples from the field to examine how the UNSC’s counter-terrorism framework has impacted the mandates and practice of the UN’s peace operations, particularly the large stabilization operations deployed in Africa. It shows that counter-terrorism efforts at the level of the UNSC have blurred the normative distinctions between peace operations and counter-terrorism to the detriment of the former. This brief concludes by providing recommendations to ensure that UNSC responses to terrorism and violent extremism do not unintentionally undermine the effectiveness of UN peace operations.
MAGNITUDE OF CLINICAL PROBLEM AND CLINICAL PROFILE OF POISONING IN PEDIATRICS
Authors:   Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vel’s Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai, E Bhavya , B Chakrapani ,   Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vel’s Institute of Science Technology and Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Chennai
Published: July 2022

Background: Children are inquisitive and explore their world with all their senses. Poisoning patterns change according to age group, the nature and dose of the poison, type of exposure. This study is aimed at understanding the incidence, aetiology and manner of poisoning, outcome among children less than 18 years admitted to Paediatric department. Methods: Prospectively, 38 poisoning cases admitted to Paediatric intensive care, from August 2021 to May 2022 were included in this study. The age and sex of the patient, poisoning agent, manner of poisoning, duration of hospital stay and outcome of all the patients were recorded and analyzed. Results: Out of 38, 22 (58%) are males, 16 (42%) are females. 13 (34%) cases are <5years of age, 2(5%) cases are between 5-10 year, 23 (61%) cases are above 10 years. Among all, 13 (34%) cases of drugs consumption, among these 11 cases were above 10 years representing purposeful consumption. 5 (13%) cases of kerosene consumption. Out 4 (11%) cases of Organophosphorous poison, 3 cases are above 10 years representing purposeful consumption. 4 (10%) cases of acid consumption. 4 (11%) cases of aluminium phosphide poisoning. 3 (8%) cases of Good night oil consumption. 2 (5%)cases of eucalyptus oil consumption. 3(8%) cases of camphor poisoning. 2 (5%) cases died due to aluminium phosphide poisoning. Duration of hospital stay varied from 1 day to 6 days. Conclusions: Accidental poisoning is common in children below 5 years of age. Suicidal poison incidence is increasing among teenagers. Accidental poisoning can be reduced by simple measures like parental education, replacing the poisoning agent with one of lower toxicity, legislation regarding the child resistant packaging of necessary poisons. Keywords: Camphor, Drugs, Eucalyptus oil, Poisons
Factorial Designing – An Essential Tool in Pharmaceutical Optimization
Authors:   Research Scholar, B.N Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, B.N. University Udaipur, Rajasthan, India, Singh Alka , Chauhan C.S ,   Professor, B.N Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, B.N. University Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
Published: July 2022

With the ever-increasing techniques of research, the traditional experimental design is not sufficient as well as satisfying to contribute enough to the experiment's robustness. Formulation development by utilising factorial design is a smarter way of experimentation which act as a crucial tool for optimization. Factorial design is more efficient for the type of experiments having effect of two or more factors. Factorial design is more adaptable and provides more significant information about the process and product, as well as a variety of software. This manuscript provides the reader with a thorough understanding of factorial experimental design, its theoretical foundation, and how to utilise the statistical tool in realworld research. Keywords: factorial design, optimization, research
Factori genetici în sepsisul copilului
Authors:   Spitalul de Copii Braşov, Facultatea de Medicină, Universitatea Transilvania, Braşov, România, Buzinschi Sorin
Published: July 2022

Amprenta genetică deţine o pondere importantă în apariţia, evoluţia şi prognosticul infecţiilor. Sunt prezentate polimorfismele pentru un singur nucleotid (SNPs) al genelor care codează proteinele cu rol principal în recunoaşterea patogenilor (Toll-like receptors: TLR2, TLR4, TLR5) sau în răspunsul inflamator (TNFα, IL6, IL10) şi care determină gravitatea şi tipurile de infecţii. Configuraţia alelică reprezintă un element important de risc pentru corioamniotită, prematuritate, sepsis şi deces, dar poate fi un factor de creştere a rezistenţei la infecţii comune. Imunodepresia postseptică influenţează decesul tardiv al copiilor care au suferit de şoc infecţios.
Genetic factors of sepsis in children
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, University of Transylvania, Clinical Hospital of Children Brasov, Romania, Buzinschi Sorin
Published: July 2022

The genetic fingerprint holds a major relevance in the apparition, evolution and prognosis of infections. The paper focuses on polymorphisms for one nucleotide (SNPs) of the genes which encode proteins with the main role in recognizing pathogens (Toll-like receptors: TLR2, TLR4, TLR5) or in the inflammatory response (TNFα, IL6, IL10) and which determine the severity and the type of the infection. The allelic configuration constitutes an important risk element for chorioamnionitis, prematurity, sepsis and death. It can also be a growth factor in resistance to common infections. Post-septic immunodepression influences late mortality of children who have suffered from infectious shock.
Colecistita acută alitiazică la copil – prezentare de caz
Authors:   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iaşi, România, Straticiuc Ciongradi Iulia ,   Clinica de Chirurgie şi Ortopedie pediatrică, Spitalul de copii „Sf. Maria“, Iaşi, România, Trandafir Laura ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iaşi, România,   Clinica III Pediatrie, Spitalul de copii „Sf. Maria“, Iaşi, România, Mihăilă Doina ,   Departamentul de anatomie patologică, Spitalul de copii „Sf. Maria“, Iaşi, România, Aprodu Sandu Gabriel ,   Universitatea de Medicină şi Farmacie „Grigore T. Popa“, Iaşi, România,   Clinica de Chirurgie şi Ortopedie pediatrică, Spitalul de copii „Sf. Maria“, Iaşi, România
Published: July 2022

Colecistita acută perforată alitiazică, frecventă la adult, este o entitate rar întâlnită la copil. Simptomatologia clinică necaracteristică, aspectele imagistice frecvent neconcludente, fac ca diagnosticul de colecistită acută alitiazică să fie deseori stabilit intraoperator. Această condiţie trebuie totuşi să fie evocată în cadrul diagnosticului diferenţial al unui sindrom peritonitic la copil.
Newborn screening for rare diseases in the north-east part of romania: results of the newborn screening program 2009-2012
Authors:   3rd Clinic of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, Iasi, Romania, Anton-Paduraru Dana-Teodora , Iliescu Maria-Liliana ,   Public Health and Management Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Gr. T. Popa”, Iasi, Romania
Published: July 2022

Objective. To evaluate the Newborn Screening Program for rare diseases – congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and phenylketonuria (PKU) – in the north-east part of Romania from 2009 to 2012. Methods. To realize the transversal descriptive study, we studied the cohorts formed by the babies who were borne between 2009-2012 in the maternities situated in the north-east part of the country. The screening was performed for two diseases: phenylketonuria (PKU) and congenital hypothyroidism (CH). Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and phenylalanine (Phe) were tested by fluorometric assay. Newborns with abnormal screening results (TSH > 9 μIU/L, Phe > 3 mg/dl) were re-examined. Results. A total of 76,308 newborns were screened. From these, were detected 9 cases with CH and 5 cases with PKU. The incidence of CH was 1: 8,478 and of PKU1: 15,261, for the whole period. Conclusions. Newborn screening programme represent an important public health programme that allows early diagnosis and prevention of severe consequences for PKU and CH.
GAMBARAN PEMBERDAYAAN PSIKOLOGIS DAN KINERJA TENTOR DI LBB GRIYA TALENTA SURABAYA
Authors: Avita Risma Nur , Putri Adhystia , Rahmatillah Sayla , Puspita Xena , Alya Saarah
Published: July 2022

This study aims to determine the description of psychological empowerment and its impact on the performance of LBB tutors. The sample used in this study was an employee or tutor of the Griya Talenta Surabaya Tutoring Institute. This research method uses interviews as a research instrument. The analysis used in this research is PFD analysis. The results showed that subject A had four dimensions of psychological empowerment, namely, meaning, competence, self-determination, and impact. There are efforts to empower and improve the ability of the tutors at Griya Talenta Bunda Surabaya, namely the holding of training once a year. Forms of training related to microteaching, holding FGDs, and group tutors to improve teaching skills, problem solving skills, and increase confidence in tutors so that tutors can display optimal performance.
Molecular Cloud Populations in the Context of Their Host Galaxy Environments: A Multiwavelength Perspective
Authors: Sun 孙 Jiayi 嘉懿 , Leroy Adam K. , Rosolowsky Erik , Hughes Annie , Schinnerer Eva , Schruba Andreas , Koch Eric W. , Blanc Guillermo A. , Chiang 江 I-Da 宜達 , Groves Brent , Liu Daizhong , Meidt Sharon , Pan Hsi-An , Pety Jérôme , Querejeta Miguel , Saito Toshiki , Sandstrom Karin , Sardone Amy , Usero Antonio , Utomo Dyas , Williams Thomas G. , Barnes Ashley T. , Benincasa Samantha M. , Bigiel Frank , Bolatto Alberto D. , Boquien Médéric , Chevance Mélanie , Dale Daniel A. , Deger Sinan , Emsellem Eric , Glover Simon C. O. , Grasha Kathryn , Henshaw Jonathan D. , Klessen Ralf S. , Kreckel Kathryn , Kruijssen J. M. Diederik , Ostriker Eve C. , Thilker David A.
Published: July 2022

We present a rich, multiwavelength, multiscale database built around the PHANGS–ALMA CO (2 − 1) survey and ancillary data. We use this database to present the distributions of molecular cloud populations and subgalactic environments in 80 PHANGS galaxies, to characterize the relationship between population-averaged cloud properties and host galaxy properties, and to assess key timescales relevant to molecular cloud evolution and star formation. We show that PHANGS probes a wide range of kpc-scale gas, stellar, and star formation rate (SFR) surface densities, as well as orbital velocities and shear. The population-averaged cloud properties in each aperture correlate strongly with both local environmental properties and host galaxy global properties. Leveraging a variable selection analysis, we find that the kpc-scale surface densities of molecular gas and SFR tend to possess the most predictive power for the population-averaged cloud properties. Once their variations are controlled for, galaxy global properties contain little additional information, which implies that the apparent galaxy-to-galaxy variations in cloud populations are likely mediated by kpc-scale environmental conditions. We further estimate a suite of important timescales from our multiwavelength measurements. The cloud-scale freefall time and turbulence crossing time are ∼5–20 Myr, comparable to previous cloud lifetime estimates. The timescales for orbital motion, shearing, and cloud–cloud collisions are longer, ∼100 Myr. The molecular gas depletion time is 1–3 Gyr and shows weak to no correlations with the other timescales in our data. We publish our measurements online, and expect them to have broad utility to future studies of molecular clouds and star formation.
Particle Acceleration in Relativistic Shearing Flows: Energy Spectrum
Authors: Rieger Frank M. , Duffy Peter
Published: July 2022

We consider the acceleration of charged particles in relativistic shearing flows, with Lorentz factor up to Γ0 ∼ 20. We present numerical solutions to the particle transport equation and compare these with results from analytical calculations. We show that in the highly relativistic limit the particle energy spectrum that results from acceleration approaches a power law,

N
(
E
)
∝

E

−

q

˜

, with a universal value

q

˜

=
(
1
+
α
)

for the slope of this power law, where α parameterizes the power-law momentum dependence of the particle mean free path. At mildly relativistic flow speeds, the energy spectrum becomes softer and sensitive to the underlying flow profile. We explore different flow examples, including Gaussian and power-law-type velocity profiles, showing that the latter yield comparatively harder spectra, producing

q

˜

≃
2

for Γ0 ≃ 3 and Kolmogorov turbulence. We provide a comparison with a simplified leaky-box approach and derive an approximate relation for estimating the spectral index as a function of the maximum shear flow speed. These results are of relevance for jetted, high-energy astrophysical sources such as active galactic nuclei, since shear acceleration is a promising mechanism for the acceleration of charged particles to relativistic energies and is likely to contribute to the high-energy radiation observed.
Decoding the X-Ray Flare from MAXI J0709–159 Using Optical Spectroscopy and Multiepoch Photometry
Authors: Bhattacharyya Suman , Mathew Blesson , Ezhikode Savithri H , Muneer S. , G. Selvakumar , G. Maheswer , Arun R. , Anilkumar Hema , Banerjee Gourav , Kumar S Pramod , Kartha Sreeja S , Paul KT , Velu C.
Published: July 2022

We present a follow-up study on the recent detection of two X-ray flaring events by MAXI/Gas Slit Camera observations in soft and hard X-rays from MAXI J0709–159 in the direction of HD 54786 (LY CMa), on 2022 January 25. The X-ray luminosity during the flare was around 1037 erg s−1 (MAXI), which got reduced to 1032 erg s−1 (NuSTAR) after the flare. We took low-resolution spectra of HD 54786 from the 2.01 m Himalayan Chandra Telescope and the 2.34 m Vainu Bappu Telescope (VBT) facilities in India, on 2022 February 1 and 2. In addition to Hα emission, we found emission lines of He i in the optical spectrum of this star. By comparing our spectrum of the object with those from the literature we found that He i lines show variability. Using photometric studies we estimate that the star has an effective temperature of 20,000 K. Although HD 54786 is reported as a supergiant in previous studies, our analysis favors it to be evolving off the main sequence in the color–magnitude diagram. We could not detect any infrared excess, ruling out the possibility of IR emission from a dusty circumstellar disk. Our present study suggests that HD 54786 is a Be/X-ray binary system with a compact object companion, possibly a neutron star.
Wide Twin Binaries are Extremely Eccentric: Evidence of Twin Binary Formation in Circumbinary Disks
Authors: Hwang Hsiang-Chih , El-Badry Kareem , Rix Hans-Walter , Hamilton Chris , Ting Yuan-Sen , Zakamska Nadia L.
Published: July 2022

The Gaia mission recently revealed an excess population of equal-mass “twin” wide binaries, with mass ratio q ≳ 0.95, extending to separations of at least 1000 au. The origin of this population is an enigma: Twin binaries are thought to form via correlated accretion in circumbinary disks, but the typical observed protostellar disks have radii of ∼100 au, far smaller than the separations of the widest twins. Here, we infer the eccentricity distribution of wide twins from the distribution of their v–r angles, i.e., the angle between the components’ separation and relative velocity vectors. We find that wide twins must be on extremely eccentric orbits. For the excess-twin population at 400–1000 au, we infer a near-delta-function excess of high-eccentricity systems, with eccentricity 0.95 ≲ e ≤ 1. These high eccentricities for wide twins imply pericenter distances of order 10 au and suggest that their orbits were scattered via dynamical interactions in their birth environments, consistent with a scenario in which twins are born in circumbinary disks and subsequently widened. These results further establish twin wide binaries as a distinct population and imply that wide twins can be used as a probe of the dynamical history of stellar populations.
Literature Review: Relating Factors to the Effectiveness of Occupational Health and Safety Program Performance
Authors: Mappangile Andi Surayya , Ramdhan Doni Hikmat
Published: July 2022

Background: Work safety performance assessment is one part of the Occupational Health and Safety Management System activity, which aims to ensure workers' right to safety and health in the workplace and increase productivity. Further identification of factors related to safety performance needs to be done to ensure the quality of the assessment results is accurate, effective, and efficient.
Methods: This study is a literature review conducted to explore factors related to the performance of occupational safety and health programs. The literature search was conducted in September 2021. The research sources were taken from several databases, namely Science Direct, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. The Science Direct database found 823 articles, 8,802 ProQuest, and 3,200 Google Scholars. From the entire database, only 22 articles met the inclusion criteria. The variables in this study are the performance of OHS, OHS management system, and work.
Results: This literature review shows that there are 19 personal factors, 19 work environment factors, 13 technical factors and 37 organizational factors related to the effectiveness of occupational safety and health program performance.
Conclusion: Factors related to occupational safety and health program performance are grouped into four main factors, namely personal factors, work environment factors, technical factors, and organizational factors.