bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accumulation Mechanism of Ultro-Low Permeability Sandstone Reservoir, Huaqing Oilfield, Ordas Basin
Authors: Hu Hai Yan
Published: December 2013

Ordos Basin is the second largest sedimentary basin in China with very rich oil and gas resources. The exploration targets are typical reservoirs of low permeability, low pressure and low output. To determine the accumulation mechanism of tight sandstone reservoir, thin section, fluid inclusion, porosity and permeability measurement, numerical calculation were used. The result showed that sandstone became tight while oil filling, buoyant force is too small to overcome the resistance of capillary force. Therefore, overpressure induced by source rock generation is the accumulation drive force.
Similar Structure of Solution for Effective Wellbore Radius Model in the Spherical-Shaped Matrix of Dual-Porosity Reservoir
Authors: Wang Yong , Wang Fu Rong , Li Shun Chu , Gui Dong Dong
Published: December 2013

On the basis of percolation mechanism for dual-porosity, an effective wellbore radius model in the dual-porosity was established, and the Laplace space solution could be obtained by solving this model. The solution had a similar structure and could be simplified into a unified expression in the different outer boundary conditions. The solution with a similar structure can avoid the complex calculations, it is beneficial to analyze the influence of various parameters on the solution in the dual-porosity model, and facilitate to master and use by engineering technicians.
Main Controlled Elements for Accumulation of Ultro-Low Permeability Sandstone Oil Reservoir, Zhenjing Oilfield, Ordas Basin
Authors: Hao Yi Wei , Hu Hai Yan
Published: December 2013

Ordos Basin is the second largest sedimentary basin in China with very rich oil and gas resources. The exploration targets are typical reservoirs of low permeability. To determine the accumulation mechanism of tight sandstone reservoir, thin section, SEM, numerical calculation were used. The result showed that sandstone should be ultro-low permeability reservoirs with the high content feldspar and lithic arkose or feldspathic litharenite. The reservoir became tight while oil filling, buoyant force is too small to overcome the resistance of capillary force. Therefore, overpressure induced by source rock generation is the accumulation drive force.
Relations between Production of CBM and Water Discharge in Initial Production
Authors: Zhang Bei Bei , Wang Rui , Xue Yan Dong , Zhang Juan , Li Bo , Zhang Ji Xing
Published: December 2013

Improving the productivity of CBM wells is one of the most emergency issues in the development of CBM. Preliminary characteristics of water discharge can indicate the productivity to some extent. Based on the data of 49 CBM wells in Fanzhuang Block, Qinshui basin, this paper makes research on the relations between the Preliminary characteristics of water discharge and CBM well production by theory of reservoir engineering. According to the index and quantity of water discharge, the CBM wells were divided into five types. Contrast this block, develop the I-type wells preferentially, reduce the fracture strength for the II-type wells, improve the fracturing technology for the IV-type wells, and shouldnt take the III & V-type wells into consideration generally.
Mechanism for Network Fracturing in Natural Fractured Reservoir
Authors: Liu Hong , Feng Jiang Xin , Zhang Ya Long , Yue Yi Xing , Zhang Tao , Pan Yu
Published: December 2013

By the methods of in-house experiment and theory analysis, the fracture initiation, stretch and interconnected mechanism of natural fracture is studied in the fracturing process of main fracture and branch fracture extending. The results have shown that, the hydraulic fracture in fractured formation is composed of a few main fractures in large size and many s secondary fractures in small size. The main fracture has the extending trend with the maximum crustal stress direction. The direction of sub fracture is network along the maximum crustal stress. The higher the degree of natural fractures, the difference between maximum and minimum crustal stress smaller. And the natural fracture is easier to form larger fracture. Fracture orientation and fracture width are determined by different combinations of natural fractures and the relative orientation with the maximum crustal stress.
Seal Characteristics and Leakage Model of Metallic Large-Diameter Lenticular Gasket
Authors: Gong Hai Xia , An Shao Jun , Liu Yang , Xu Qing Jiang
Published: December 2013

Through studying on the application principle of existing metal lenticular gasket, the structure design was finished, and design methods and calculating models of lenticular gasket larger than 6inch diameter were attained. Seal mechanism of the lenticular gasket and contact mechanics of the flange joint was analyzed by using finite element method. Stress state, contact width and contact deformation parameters of the lenticular gasket on working was obtained. Based on the analyzing results, leakage forecast model of metal lenticular gasket was presented. In the influencing factors of actual working state, such as inner pressure, outer pressure, medium viscosity, and surface roughness and so on, surface roughness is important, so surface machining precision of an in-use large-diameter lenticular gasket should be improved as far as possible. The conclusions will lay foundation for the future engineering application of large-diameter lenticular gasket.
Study on Hydrate Inhibitor to Prevent Freeze-Plugging of Gas-Condensate Well
Authors: Wang Feng , Zhang Ji Nan , Li Chong Xi
Published: December 2013

The phenomenon of hydrate freeze-plugging is very widespread in Jilin oilfield M gas field exploitation. Freeze-plugging tends to occur in winter, mainly including ground pipeline, wellhead and wellbore freeze-plugging, etc, which affects the normal production of gas well, also has restricted the gas reservoir development and will cause huge economic losses. In order to prevent the freeze-plugging occurred in gas well, methyl alcohol is used to inject into single well at the rate of 600 to 3080 L/day. The field condition shows that the result of injecting methanol is not obvious, besides, the toxicity of methanol and its high cost already cannot satisfy the oilfield actual demand. Therefore, we need to research and develop new hydrate inhibitors with low cost and high efficiency to solve the problem of freeze-plugging.
Mass Change Calculation of the Bauxite in the WZD Area, Northern Guizhou, China
Authors: Cui Tao
Published: December 2013

Through mass change calculation of the bauxite in the Wuchuan-Zheng, an-Daozhen (WZD) area to reveal the migration regular of elements in the ore-forming process: major elements all have loss except aluminum element which keep steady in the ore-forming process of the WZD bauxite deposit; Major elements in the upper and middle part of the profile have a large scale of runoff, in the lower part of the profile just have a small scale of runoff, and some elements concentrated in the lower part of the profile, above all of these shows that major elements have a downward moving trend. Alkaline metal have the largest scale of runoff demonstrated that the ore-forming environment is acidic.
Investigate of Low Carbon Urban Transport Development
Authors: Sun Li
Published: December 2013

With the continued deterioration of the international environment, as well as people pay more attention to environment protection, also in order to avoid high-carbon industries lock effect, the low carbon sustainable development ideas are proposed. In this paper, based on the difference between domestic and international low carbon economy, we analyzed the low carbon economys fundamental connotation, reviewed the existing problem in the low carbon transport, and proposed the thought of building a low carbon city and the main development priorities.
Comparatively Study Renting and Purchasing Carbon Subsidies Schemes on Portfolio and Stochastic Control Theory
Authors: Xiao Jian Wu , Jiang Ming Jun , Zhai Hong
Published: December 2013

Applying the portfolio and stochastic control theory, the paper comparatively considers tow carbon subsidies schemes: Renting and Purchasing, and focuses on the rental scheme to present a stochastic control model and obtain an analytical optimal dynamic strategy about harvesting quantity in conditions of stochastic commodity price and timber growth. Through contrasts, the conclusion shows that government will pay less under the rental scheme than under the purchasing scheme for the same negative effect on harvesting quantity.
Carbon Cost of Rice on State-Operated Farm in Northeast China Plain
Authors: Shi Lei Gang , Huai He Ju , Zhou Jing Ping , Hu Hai Tang , Li Cun Jun
Published: December 2013

Cropping systems in the future will need to increase grain yield while reducing greenhouse gas emission per unit of production. Based on the investigation data of the farmers production, applying carbon cost model, we conducted the carbon cost of rice on state-operated farm (13 production teams) in Northeast China Plain. The results were as follows: the carbon cost of rice on Shuanghe Farm was 221.62±26.32 gCO2e kg-1, in which irrigation accounted for 40.68%, chemical fertilizer accounted for 24.55%, mechanical operation accounted for 24.35%, seed accounted for 9.21%, and pesticides accounted for 1.20%, respectively. The carbon cost of rice in different production teams were significantly different (P<0.01), and 20th production teams was the highest (249.56±26.68 gCO2e kg-1) while 10th team was the lowest (190.87±17.09 gCO2e kg-1). The differences of the carbon cost of rice among production teams almost was resulted from irrigation, and it had the potentiality of emission reduction in the production teams with higher carbon cost.
Drawing Lessons from Foreign Experiences and Levying Carbon Tax in China at the Proper Time
Authors: Cai De Fa , Xue Ting
Published: December 2013

Global warming is the top ten environmental problem of the world, and the greenhouse effect caused by a large number of CO2 emissions from human society is the root of climate change. Currently, the global warming becomes serious and has become the crisis and challenge of all the world. Low carbon economy is the best mode of coping with the global warming and realizing sustainable development of economy and society. In many policies to promote low carbon economic development, various related carbon tax policies and regulations are still the most dependent means of every country. The carbon tax levied by part of OECD countries is worthy of our reference.
The Assessment and Evaluation about the Ability of Technical Innovation for Petrol Equipment Manufacturing Enterprises Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Method
Authors: Wang Yan Qiu , Jin Qiu Ying , Chang Zhi Gang , Yao Li Xia
Published: December 2013

With the petrol and gas resources increasingly reducing, petrol equipment manufacturing enterprises focus on the advanced equipment manufacture for the resources hard to exploit. So to analyze the models on technical innovation for the petrol equipment manufacturing enterprises, including motive force and impetus, to establish comprehensive evaluation index system about technical innovation, to introduce some index, such as R&D ability, production capacity, marketing ability and so on, to assess the ability of technical innovation for petrol equipment manufacturing enterprises, lead to enterprises to improve technical innovation in a right direction.
Intra-Urban Migration Patterns in the Perspective of Improved Radiation Model - A Case Study of Beijing
Authors: Shi Yu , Zheng Xin Qi , Sun Yi Bo , Jia Zong Ren
Published: December 2013

Gravity Model is commonly used in the study of urban internal migration . Filippo Simini etl improve the Gravity Model, thereby create a more realistic radiation model. Radiation model is validated in the U.S., however, isnt sure to be fit in China. According to the actual situations of our country, the study processes Radiation model parameters and simulates internal migration in Beijing based on the socio-economic data (2005-2010). Results show that the Fengtai District and the Tongzhou District are the two largest migration district in the five years. While the Daxing Districts migration increases year by year. Furthermore, by the contrast of population migration radiation line and GDP, this paper points out that the economics is the main driving force of urban internal migration. Finally, from the perspective of new urban areas construction, development of urban functions expansion areas and population migration balance in Beijing, the corresponding suggestions are put forward for urban planning in Beijing.
Compartmental Analysis of Agent-Based Population Migration for Regional Spatial Structure
Authors: Ma Hai Ying , Cao Ying Yi
Published: December 2013

In this note we show how the compartmental approach can be used as a tool to analyze rural-urban migration with heterogeneity of the multi-agents and introduce it into the dynamic models for regional spatial structure. The analysis suggests that compartmental approach would permit us to build a model described by a completely deterministic system of dynamic equation and to use more simple mathematical instruments.
Research on the Sustainable Development Evaluation of Resource-Based Cities
Authors: Song Yu Chen , He Wei , Li Xiao Bing , Han Yan
Published: December 2013

Based on the resource-based cities, we could establish a comprehensive evaluation index system. Principal component analysis (PCA) model is perfect to such evaluation. It can eliminate the related influence between evaluation indexes and reduce the workload of evaluation. The paper applied the principal component analysis to Baotou city and other 5 western resource-based cities so as to make a comprehensive evaluation about sustainable development ability. The results show that the sustainable development ability of Baotou city from2003 to 2012 is a fluctuated improving trend. And it ranks fourth in the selected western resource-based cities. The issue about the way to improve the sustainable development ability of resource-based cities is discussed in this paper.
Optimizing the Organization Models of Control Lines in Chinese Waterfronts
Authors: Yang Chun Xia , Geng Hui Zhi , Qin Ming
Published: December 2013

There is no special law or regulation to guide and control the waterfront development in China. Such development can only obey the general laws and regulations from state to city. Blue Line (the control line for water protection area), Green Line (the control line for urban green space), Red Line (the control line for building, road and bridge, etc.) are three main control lines in Chinese waterfront development. There always show the parallel strip layout of these three lines in Chinese waterfronts, which results in the tedious strip layout of green space, road and building. It cant satisfy the trends of multiple waterfront developments, multiple utilizations of water resources in the waterfronts of city center. So, its necessary and urgent to optimize the organization of control lines and discuss the multiple organization models so that the flexibility of waterfront layout can be increased, the comprehensive utilization of waterfront land can be fulfilled, and the urban form of waterfront can be enhanced. Meanwhile, it is also important to formulate special laws or regulations for waterfront, to encourage the effective intervention of urban design, to strengthen the cooperation among different bureaus and specialties, which will promote the implementation of multiple organization models of control lines.
Estimating the Market Value of the Building Sites for Homogeneous Areas
Authors: Morano Pierluigi , Manganelli Benedetto
Published: December 2013

The estimated market value of a building site can be determined from several practical reasons. Amongst the various cases, it may be required to determine the market value of the building site aggregated into homogeneous areas, as occurs in the estimates carried out for tax purposes, in the assessments related to the construction of public facilities or infrastructure and urban regeneration interventions related to whole degraded environments. The process outlined in this paper is instrumental to these goals. The method uses an indirect approach to estimate, based on a combination of planning parameters and characteristics of the area that contribute to the formation of market values of building sites. It does not provide a point estimate, relative to assets specifically identified, but produces average market values of the building sites to separate homogeneous areas, for intended use and for building ratio.
Settlement by Territorial Proximity and Urbanization of China's New-Generation of Migrant Workers
Authors: Huang Qing Ling , Zhang Guang Sheng
Published: December 2013

Using multinomial logistic regressions, this paper examines the settlement tendency of Chinese New-generation of Migrant Workers through a field survey by means of one to one interviews. It has found that they tend to choose to settle in small and medium-sized cities near their hometowns. And their individual occupation and household economic status show significant effects on their future settlement in cities.
An Improved Heuristics about Layout of Emergency Station in a City
Authors: He Shou Kui , Liao Li Ting
Published: December 2013

In order to deal with the urgent public security incidents timely, to meet the requirements of the shortest emergency time, to consume the least emergency resources and rescue points, its necessary to achieve a compromised site selection scheme that reflects a decision makers preference on time and cost, in the decision about a citys layout of fire station is to probe into the site selection of safe emergency station under the emergency restrictions. This research used an improved heuristics to explore the solving of combination model about multi-rescue points under the limitation of time and resource, provided the emergency restrictions and a cost model about establishment of the safety emergency facilities, and proved the correctness of the model solution method theoretically. In a limited emergency time, this paper analyzed and obtained selection method on emergency service facility points. Through a numerical example illustrated that specific application of the calculation method, this method is suitable for the planning and construction of the public facilities, such as fire control, hospital first-aid stations.
The Research on the Impact of the Underground Parking to the Microclimate in Residential Quarter
Authors: Yang Xiao Bin , Chen Zhi Long , Cai Hao
Published: December 2013

Currently, more and more residential district have built the underground parking and created more water and green space use the ground. The environment has been improved. This paper analyzed the microclimate of two planning programs use the microclimate fluid dynamics simulation software Envi-met, that one is have been made the underground parking planning, the other one is haven't. The results include microclimate parameters air quality parameters (the distribution of CO2) and the outdoor thermal comfort parameters (mean radiant temperature). By comparing the results of the two programs, this paper quantitative analyzed the influence and benefits of the underground parking to the microclimate in residential quarter.
Adjustment of the Industrial Distribution in Nantong Urban Area
Authors: Yang Wei , Chen Man Sheng , Qiu Song Xiang , Chen Zhi Qiang
Published: December 2013

This paper analyses the present distribution and adjustment trend of large and medium industrial enterprises in Nantong urban area, according to the general theory of world urban industrial distribution adjustment, using statistical yearbooks combined with sampling survey on the spots, based on spatial analysis technology. Results show that the urban industrial distribution in Nantong is more dispersed, and the Chongchuan District which including the old city still accounts for a large proportion. The layout of the industrial enterprises in the old urban area of Nantong shows a pattern which main along the traffic lines, and with a relatively low proportion along the Yangtze River. Thus, it should be combined with the development of function orientation of each urban districts and the interaction of port and city, and should greatly develop the port industries.
Study of Industry Selection and Spatial Layout of the Industrial Park in Urban Fringe: A Case Study of Jixian Industrial Base of Fengdong New Town
Authors: Hou Quan Hua , Li Jie
Published: December 2013

In the context of regional industrial transfer, industrial park makes critical contributions to economic development of urban fringe as the main vector of industrial transfer. For some particularity of the development of this region, it needs for comprehensive study on industry selection and spatial layout. So on the basis of the analysis of industrial park development stage and characteristics in urban fringe, the paper which takes Jixian industrial base of Fengdong new town for example to get the relationship between industry selection and spatial layout of urban fringe industrial park aims at guiding rational construction in the region.
Identification of the Spatial Distribution of Physiologically Equivalent Temperatures in a Residential Garden Using Geostatistics
Authors: Wu Chen Fa
Published: December 2013

This research evaluates the spatial distribution of thermal comfort in residential gardens using geostatistics; a residential garden in Taichung City was studied. The monitoring sites were systematically equipped to record the physical environment factors used to monitor and calculate the Physiologically Equivalent Temperature (PET), which was used to estimate the spatial distribution according to the Kriging Method. The research findings showed that users perceived comfort or slight warmth in the studied region, and the spatial distribution of the PET appeared at diverse times and spatial variability characteristics. In other words, the users perceived comfort at distinct locations in different time periods. At noon (11 am - 2 pm), the right and left side areas of the garden were considered to be more comfortable, while the right area was perceived as more comfortable in the afternoon (2 pm - 5 pm), the times in which sunshine and shadow were considered to be the major factors. The research results also show that waterscapes and plants could reduce the temperature and enhance thermal comfort in the garden.
A Numerical Study on Airflow and Particle Dispersion within an Urban Street Canyon with Different Wedge-Shaped Roofs
Authors: Parida Yakup , He Wen Rong , Zhou Zhong Hua , Fu Deng Feng
Published: December 2013

This work presents a numerical study on airflow and particle dispersion within an urban street canyon with different wedge-shaped roof. A two-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model for evaluating the airflow and particles dispersion within a street canyon was built up, which was based on the incompressible Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes equations, turbulence model and the particles transportation equation. It is revealed that: (1) particles dispersion inside an urban street canyon is mostly dominated by the in-canyon wind flow; (2) different wedge-shaped roof configurations causes a variety of particles distribution patterns; (3) air pollution levels are much higher in the step-down canyons relative to the step-up canyons; (4) the simulated result of FLUENT is reasonable, and the prospect of applying FLUENT to study atmospheric environment is very well. Key words: CFD; street canyon; particle dispersion; numerical simulation
Developing a Low-Carbon Ecological City Planning Model from the Viewpoint of Eco-Region: Case Study of Shenzhen
Authors: Wu Kang Li , Shan Liang , Li Xin , Shi Yu Meng
Published: December 2013

With the impact of global climate change, how should the concept of low-carbon ecological city be implemented in urban planning practice has become a critical issue challenging decision-makers and planners. This issue is particularly important for the fast-growing regions in China which has experienced rapid urbanization and an increase in carbon emission. In view of these problems, this study uses the Shenzhen city, an extremely fast-growing city in China, as an empirical case setting to address this issue. A systematic approach that integrates research methods including literature review, case studies, field survey, and stakeholder-based interviews was employed. Through our research investigation, a comprehensive low-carbon ecological city planning framework was developed. Several selected planning strategies that address the key elements of the framework were also suggested.
Optimization Strategies for Slow Traffic System of Songhua River Summer Resort City in Harbin Based on the Perspective of Low Carbon
Authors: Guo Rong , Song Xiao Ya , Zhao Jing
Published: December 2013

With the rapid development of economy, the city scale expands unceasingly. Some problem reveals gradually, such as the traffic congestion and declining air quality. The low carbon city, the concept of low-carbon transport becomes hotspot of urban construction gradually. Correlational study of slow traffic system from the low-carbon perspective has been reviewed. Taking Songhua River Summer Resort City master planning (2012-2030) as the foundation, based on low carbon, the paper analyzes slow traffic system planning of Summer Resort City, and conclude the problem. Based on low carbon, optimization strategies of slow traffic system have been proposed. It provides advice to low-carbon emission reduction and effective and efficient development of city road system planning.
Competition Analysis of Marine Industry in Coastal Provinces in China Based on Niche Theory
Authors: Yuan Qing Min , Qin Cong Cong , Feng Dong
Published: December 2013

Apply Niche Theory to give a comprehensive analysis of the marine industry niche present status. Explain marine economic development situation and overall features in coastal provinces from three perspectives of niche strength, niche width and niche overlap, specifically using biology quantitative models: Shannon-Wiener index and Pianka formula etc. Ultimately, based on the marine industry niche quantitative analysis and evaluation, the industrial structure and general characteristics of marine economy development in coastal provinces in China can be exactly explained.
Comparison of Energy Efficiency Standards in the Public Building of China, the US, the UK
Authors: Gu Lin , Zhang Yu Rong , Wang Yuan Feng
Published: December 2013

The China construction industry accounts for about 30% of total energy consumption, a high proportion of the energy consumed, which causes a large amount of emissions of greenhouse gas. This paper takes a look at the China national standard GB50189-2005, Design Standard for Energy Efficiency of Public Buildings, the ASHRAE90.1 of US and the part L of UK, and then compares the similarities and differences between the three design standards. At the end, relevant suggestion to tackle these weaknesses for long-term energy efficiency development in public buildings are proposed in this paper.
A Research on Emission Trading Policy in Electric Power Market Based on Network Equilibrium Theory
Authors: Li Xue Qian , Liu Mei Ling
Published: December 2013

This paper is focused on problems of power network equilibrium model construction and corresponding emission trading policy. Based on super network theory, we establish a supply chain network for power market with three levels of decision makers, which are power plants, power suppliers and demand markets. We establish the finite-dimensional variational inequality formulation, then, derive the competition equilibrium conditions and optimality conditions. We assume that there are several types of power plants, and the initial license are allocated freely to all power plants. We find that the total amount of pollution will not exceed the total amount of emission permits.
Research on the System of Intelligent Optimization of Energy Based on Support Vector Machine
Authors: Niu Guo Cheng , Hu Dong Mei , Bai Jing , Wu Hai Wei
Published: December 2013

This paper aimed at the confusing situation of industrial enterprises on the energy management. The author presented the optimization scheme based on the support vector machine to manager the energy consumption. Firstly, according to the historical data, using support vector machine method , energy consumption used in production was accurately predicted, secondly, The author established an optimal control strategy through the feedback correction and rolling optimization method, repeatedly correcting parameters, and supposing a optimum parameter algorithm to obtain the optimal production process, energy scheduling and emergency plan . at the same time ,it can control energy efficiency and cost. and achieves the goal of reducing energy consumption.
Development Obstacles of New Energy Industry in China and Countermeasures
Authors: Zhao Bing Qing , Li Meng Gang , Jing Zhu Cui
Published: December 2013

With the increasing strain on fossil energy supply and deterioration of the environment caused by fossil energy consumption, improving energy consumption structure and vigorously developing new energy are becoming imperative. In recent years, great progress has been made in Chinese new energy industry development. But the bottleneck occurs at present. This paper analyzes the development obstacles of new energy industry in China, and countermeasures for Chinese new energy industry development are given.
Energy Cost of Emissions Impact on the Environment
Authors: Du Jun , Hou Ya Ting
Published: December 2013

With the increasing lack of conventional energy, in order to promote the harmonious development of society and economy, how to reduce the emissions of polluting energy becomes very important. This paper will from two aspects to talk about energy emissions—emissions allowance trading and its effect on product prices and opportunity cost for free allocations of emissions permits.So that we can control energy emissions better.
Color Design of Urban Road Landscape
Authors: Fan Yong Hua
Published: December 2013

Color design is an important content of urban road landscape design. In this paper, we introduce the color categories and color design principles of urban road landscape, and discuss the key points for color design of all parts that form urban road landscape.
Study on Natural Gas Demand Prediction Model in China
Authors: Feng Xue , Zhang Jin Suo , Zou Shao Hui , Bao Wuyunbilige
Published: December 2013

Based on the characteristics of natural gas demand trend, this paper proposed ARIMA model which can predict China's natural gas demand as an effective tool. Compared with the RBF neural network model and combined model, empirical results show that the accuracy and stability of the ARIMA model is best.
Application of the Mean-Variance Theory and Resampling Technique for the Italian Energy Portfolio Settlement
Authors: Arnesano Mauro , Carlucci Antonio Paolo , D'Oria Giovanni , Guadalupi Alessio , Laforgia Domenico
Published: December 2013

The energy planning based on Mean - Variance theory, guides the investors in investment decisions, trying to maximize the return and minimize the risk of investment. However, this theory is based on strong hypotheses and, in addition, input data are often affected by estimation errors. Moreover, this theory determines poor diversification increasing return and risk of the portfolio, and strong variability of the outputs when inputs are varied.In the first part of the paper, the Mean - Variance theory was applied to the energy generation in Italy; in particular, the analysis was on the actual energy mix, but also assuming the use of nuclear technology and taking into account verisimilar improvement, of technologies in the future.On the other hand, in the second part of the paper, a methodology has been applied in order to limit the problems of Mean-Variance theory applied to the energy mix settlement. In particular, the input variables have been calculated using Monte Carlo simulation, in order to reduce the estimation error, and the Resampled EfficiencyTMtechnique has been applied in order to calculate the resulting new “average” efficient frontier. This methodology has been applied either not limiting or limiting the minimum and maximum percentage for every energy generation technology, in order to simulate constraints due, for example, to the technological characteristics of the plant, the availability of the sources and eventually to norms, to the territorial characteristics and to the socio-political choices. The application of Mean - Variance theory allowed to obtain energy portfolio, alternative to the actual, characterized by higher values of expected returns an lower values of risk.It was also shown that the application of the Resampled EfficiencyTMtechnique with data originated with the Monte Carlo simulation effectively tackles the problems of Mean - Variance theory; in this way, the decision maker is helped in making decisions in the energy system policy and development.Thanks to this approach, applied in particular to the Italian energy contest, it was also possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the introduced modifications to the Italian actual energy mix to achieve the 2020 European Energy Directive targets in particular concerning the reduction of CO2levels.
An Improved Index System of Regional Water Ecological Carrying Capacity Evaluation: A Case Study of Tieling City, China
Authors: Yang Jun Feng , Lei Kun , Qiao Fei
Published: December 2013

This paper presents an improved Water Ecological Carrying Capacity (WECC) evaluation index system based on Pressure-Support Force-State (PSS) Index Framework. This index system can reflect the internal relationships of WECC, highlight the direct WECC impact factors, and to some extent avoid the past problems of selecting similar indicators and poor correlation indicators with WECC using former index systems. The WECC evaluation of Tieling City is processed under PSS index system. The evaluation results show that the average value of WECC is 0.59 from 2005 to 2010. It is concluded that this city is under a weak carrying level and generally in accordance with the real situation.
The Effect of Oil and Gas Production and Construction on Soil Erosion and its Prevention Measures
Authors: Wang Jia Shan , Wang Ting , Wang Rui Hua
Published: December 2013

Through researching the oil and gas in many companies, such as the Daqing Oilfield, Changqing Oilfield and the West-East Gas Pipeline Company and so on, we found that the production and construction of oil and gas at different stages influence the soil erosion vary greatly, including the exploration in oil and gas has a little effect on soil erosion, but oil and gas field surface engineering and pipeline construction impact on soil erosion greatly, and limited impact on soil erosion in oil and gas development, and long-distance pipeline operators had no effect on soil erosion.Oil and gas companies have taken appropriate preventive measures in the soil erosion and have achieved good control effect.
Analysis of the Correlation Effect of the Development of Tianjin Marine Economy and Land Economy
Authors: Yuan Qing Min , Feng Dong , Liu Jun
Published: December 2013

Through the Grey relation method, from the perspective of industry association, this paper uses the statistical data of Tianjin in the past, quantitatively analyzes the correlation effect of Tianjin’s marine-land industry. The results show that the correlation between marine industry and regional economy is far less than land industry. Therefore, the study proposes to layout the industrial space reasonably, extend marine-land industrial chain and develop the marine tertiary industry to balance the development of marine-land industry.
Study on Ecological Objective of Sustainable Development Based on Chinas Ancient Great Thinker's Thought on Ecological Ethics
Authors: Li Shi Hua
Published: December 2013

Tsunzi understood completely the distinction between heaven and man, and laid emphasis on separate duty of heaven and man. The bounden duty of heaven belongs to the nature, and heaven has no will; while the duty of man pertained to the society, the society is conscious human activity. As to the relationship between heaven and man, he emphasized that man can recognize the heaven, that is to say , man can recognize the natural law, and make use of the nature. Especially, regarding man the most precious beings in the whole of creation as his foothold, Tsunzi laid stress on human activity and subjectivity. This article analyzes Tsunzi's ecological objective of oustainable development: Heaven Correlating with man; the establishment of subject status of man to nature; materialization of the ecological ethics goals.
Research on the Three Industrial Structure and Economic Growth Empirical Based on the Cobb - Douglas Production Function
Authors: Wang Qun Wei , Cha Gang Qiang , Jia Ji Chao
Published: December 2013

In this paper, the deformation of Cobb-Douglas production function was used to separate the Variable term, which the proportion of each industry affect economic growth, and further introduction of three industrial structure variables. The relationship between three industrial structures for 2001-2012 in Shaanxi and economic growth was analysis by the least squares estimation, the influence ratios, which industrial output value of share of GDP changes on effects of changes in economic growth can be acquired. The results showed that the adjustment of three industrial structure in Shaanxi conducive to economic growth, which meet the development of the three industrial structure in developed countries and consistent with the law in line with economic growth, namely a stable development of primary industry, optimizing the development of secondary industry, vigorous development of the tertiary industry.
Sustainable Tourism as a Development Option
Authors: Lin You Bin
Published: December 2013

. As the important sector in the world, tourism not only has brought huge economic growth, but also the serious environmental effect. This article seeks to emphasize negative effect of tourism and argues that it need to adopt a sustainable development modelsustainable tourism which not only promote environmental protection, but also realize social sustainable development.
The Moderating Effect of Enviropreneurship on Green Supply Chain Management Practices and Sustainability Performance
Authors: Thoo Ai Chin , Abdul Hamid Abu Bakar , Rasli Amran , Zhang Da Wei
Published: December 2013

Enviropreneurship is an entrepreneurial orientation that addresses environmental problems and accommodates societal needs while simultaneously meeting the economic objective of organizations. As such, enviropreneurship can serve as a critical moderating factor that influences the relationship between green supply chain management practices (GSCMP) and sustainability performance in the Malaysian manufacturing sector. A research framework of the identified GSCMP, enviropreneurship and sustainability performance is developed with a view towards suggesting how such research might systematically be carried out. Accordingly, such thought depends upon more detailed empirical research by using advanced structural equation modeling approaches. The research findings will be particularly important for manufacturers in nurturing an entrepreneurial orientation within their organization in order to achieve sustainability performance.
Research Progress in the Ecotourism Environmental Carrying Capacity
Authors: Li Yong Hong , Xiang Bao
Published: December 2013

with occurrence of a series of problems, such as overdevelopment of ecotourism resources, environmental pollution and landscape ecological destruction, it is very urgent to research evaluation on the ecotourism environmental carrying capacity (hereinafter as EECC). It is of great significance for such research and application to the sustainable development of tourist industry and ecotope protection for tourism district. This paper summarizes origin and evolution of the domestic and international concept of ecotourism bearing capacity, systematically summarizes and analyzes concept, classification, evaluation indexes and research method about the ecotourism bearing capacity. Finally, it concludes the space remains to be improved during the current research on ecotourism bearing capacity, and prospects on future research direction.
Stability Analysis of Multi-Well Gas Injection for Storing CO2 in Underground Aquifer
Authors: Niu Chuan Kai , Tan Yu Fei , Feng Li Yan
Published: December 2013

One of the major technical challenges in storing CO2by multi-well gas injection is the stability of CO2in the aquifer. In this paper, according to an underground aquifer property in north China, a numerical model of multi-well gas injection for storing CO2is developed to understand this mechanism, based on nonlinear seepage theory of CO2in aquifer. The impact of working parameters during gas injection period (arrangement form of well group, the schemes of injection rate of multi-well and well spacing) on the stability of CO2in the aquifer is analyzed. It is proved that the average reservoir pressure could be reduced using the triangular layout. Appropriately increasing the injection rate of the center well and reducing well spacing could increase the gas storage capacity of reservoir. Based on the results, the optimal gas injection schemes and the optimal well spacing of multi-well gas injection for CO2geological storage are obtained. These results provide technical guides for CO2sequestration using multi-well gas injection to aquifer reservoir in real projects.
Research of Carbon Emissions of Highway Operation Period Based on Grey Relational Analysis
Authors: Jiao Shuang Jian , Li Long Fei , Du Qun Le
Published: December 2013

The CO2 emissions of highway transportation industry are huge. In order to study factors affecting carbon emissions of highway operation period, selected five primary route design indicators to analyze. The five indicators were Speed, Gradient, Radius of Curvature, IRI, Traffic Volume and Green Belt. Combined the existing Carbon Accounting Model and the Carbon Accounting Software of Highway Operation Period[4], which could calculate the equivalent carbon emissions. By using Gray relational analysis method, calculated the relational degrees between route design indicators and carbon emissions of highway operation period. At last, found that the most important factor affecting carbon emissions of highway operation period was average daily traffic volume. The research will be helpful to discuss the carbon emissions of highway operation period in a targeted manner.
Did the Introduction of Carbon Tax in Australia Affect Housing Affordability?
Authors: Ge Xin Janet
Published: December 2013

The Australian carbon pricing scheme (carbon tax) was introduced and became effective on 01 July 2012. The introduction of the carbon tax immediately increases the cost of electricity to a number of industries such as manufacturing and construction. Households were also affected as a result of these costs been passed through the supply chain of the affected industries. The carbon tax policy was introduced to addresses greenhouse emissions and energy consumption in Australia. However, the carbon tax policy may have introduced a number of economic risk factors to the Australian housing market, in particular the impact of housing affordability.
Research of the Basic Farmland Evaluation and Protection
Authors: Qian Feng Kui
Published: December 2013

The paper is based on the analyzing the connotation and the functional properties of the farmland and put forward that farmland quality and site condition are two necessary conditions for farmland planning. On this basis, the paper constructs the evaluating system of farmland quality and site conditions, conducts the evaluation of farmland quality and site conditions, and analyses the characteristics of the farmland quality and site environment conditions. Finally, the comprehensive evaluating system of farmland quality and site conditions are constructed Referencing to American LESA system idea, the criteria is constructed on the basis of the above research, all these guarantee good farmland quality and coordinated site conditions and permanent stability of the planned farmland.
Shanghai's CO2 Emissions and Policy Implication for Low Carbon Construction
Authors: Zeng Lin Hui , Li Guang Ming , Huang Ju Wen , Zhu Hao Chen , Xu Jing Cheng
Published: December 2013

Cities are the main contributors of anthropogenic greenhouse gases (GHGs) emissions. Comprehensive countermeasures are needed in cities to mitigate GHGs emissions. The aim of this paper is to study the results that Shanghai achieved in carbon mitigation by comprehensive green measures. It demonstrated that Shanghai has made significant progress in carbon emission reduction through technological innovation, industrial structure adjustment, and energy efficiency improvement in recent years. The results showed that Shanghais energy related CO2 intensity reduced to 1.14 t/104 yuan in 2010, owing to adjustments in energy structure and industry structure. It also showed that Shanghai had made abundant reduction in carbon emissions in the past few years. 9.2 million tons of CO2 reductions were obtained in industry, transportation, and building in the city level. Among them, reductions in industrial sector and transportation were the major contributors. Further efforts should be taken to realize a low carbon future.
Analysis of Sustainable Technology Innovation Benefits Based on Symbiosis Theory
Authors: Xu Zhi Jin , Song Yan Kui
Published: December 2013

Modern enterprises technology innovation increasingly pursues a balance between profits and social responsibility, and it reaps the comprehensive benefits at its best. This technology innovation should be economical, amicable, human and ecological, in a word, sustainable. Based on the symbiosis theory, the essay defines sustainable technology innovation and preliminarily analyzes the composition of sustainable technology innovation benefits and its accounting methods. The author thinks sustainable technology innovation is compatible, integrated and symbiotic with science & technology, economy, society, human being and natural environment, and then it can reap continuously the comprehensive benefits composed of scientific & technological, economic, social, human and ecological benefits. Therefore, the author further proposes a general benefit accounting method of sustainable technology innovation according to the weak, strong and welfare accounting, which is also comprehensive. It is of strategic significance to realize and grasp the benefit accounting methods.
Research on Low-Carbon Economy Development Path in Shanxi Province
Authors: Wang Bao Ying
Published: December 2013

The low-carbon economy is a great innovation of economy development and social harmony.As a typical resource province,Shanxi province have to face the contradiction between resources and environment.The low-carbon economy is the most important way to its economic transformation.To promote low-carbon economy development in Shanxi province,this paper focuses on the problem of development path selection of Shanxis low-carbon economy. First,this paper analyses the development situation of low-carbon economy in Shanxi province.Second,summarize the development path from the developed countries experiences on low-carbon economy.Finally,put forward the specific path to develop low-carbon economy in Shanxi.
On Sustainable Development of Eco-Agricultural Tourism in Low-Carbon Economy
Authors: He Jian Bo , Wang Zhen , Yin Qing Ling
Published: December 2013

Low-carbon economy has become an inevitable tendency of economic development of human society. Starting from the basic conception of low-carbon economy and eco-agricultural tourism, the article analyzes the reasons why developing low-carbon eco-agricultural tourism is a certain choice to achieve sustainable development of tourism industry. Meanwhile, it also puts forward some countermeasures for sustainable development of eco-agricultural tourism from the perspective of low-carbon economy.