bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Meeting with triumph and disaster: Osimertinib in T790M-unknown CNS progression in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Facchinetti Francesco , Bozzetti Francesca , Minari Roberta , Ceccon Giovanni , Zielli Teresa , Florindo Irene , Crisi Girolamo , Tiseo Marcello
Published: November 2018

Introduction:

Treatment paradigms for EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have successfully evolved since the introduction of osimertinib. The detection of EGFR T790M mutation in plasma or tumor samples obtained at disease progression to first-/second-generation EGFR inhibitors is mandatory for osimertinib prescription. Nevertheless, pharmacokinetics properties of osimertinib guarantee its usefulness in central nervous system (CNS) disease even in the case of T790M-negative or unknown status.

Patients and methods:

In this brief report, we share the clinical histories of two patients with CNS-preeminent progression under first-/second-generation EGFR inhibitors in which it was not possible to document the presence of T790M resistance mutation.

Results:

Patient outcomes diverged dramatically due to the differential availability of off-label osimertinib.

Conclusions:

Waiting for the novel molecule to be approved and licensed in first-line treatment, our report of hope and frustration is intended to stress the opportunity of its administration in the case of CNS failure of first-line EGFR inhibition, even in the absence of T790M proof.
Amplifying Indigenous community participation in place-based research through boundary work
Authors: Zurba Melanie , Maclean Kirsten , Woodward Emma , Islam Durdana
Published: November 2018

‘Boundary work’ is a relatively new and innovative qualitative approach in place-based research and often involves the creation of ‘boundary objects’. Such objects can be created collaboratively with Indigenous communities, and can be used to communicate knowledge, values and aspirations across social and political boundaries. This article provides an account of boundary work within place-based research communities of practice developed between geographers and Indigenous communities. We draw on our own boundary work research and present a conceptual framework for geographers to draw on when engaging in boundary work and co-creating boundary objects with Indigenous communities.
Reducing Isolation and Loneliness Through Membership in a Fitness Program for Older Adults: Implications for Health
Authors: Brady Samantha , D’Ambrosio Lisa A. , Felts Adam , Rula Elizabeth Y. , Kell Kenneth P. , Coughlin Joseph F.
Published: November 2018

Objectives: To explore the effects of membership in a fitness program for older adults on social isolation, loneliness, and health. Method: Using survey responses from SilverSneakers members and matched nonmembers, regression path analysis was used to examine the influence of SilverSneakers membership on physical activity, social isolation, loneliness, and health, and the interrelationships among these concepts. Results: SilverSneakers membership directly increased physical activity and self-rated health, directly decreased social isolation, and indirectly decreased loneliness. Decreased social isolation and loneliness were associated with better self-rated health: social isolation and loneliness had independent direct effects on health, while social isolation also had an indirect effect on health mediated through loneliness. Discussion: Members of SilverSneakers experienced better health through increased physical activity, reduced social isolation, and reduced loneliness. Future research should explore independent effects of social isolation and loneliness on health and the mechanisms by which membership reduces social isolation and loneliness.
Coordinating Plans for Climate Adaptation
Authors: Woodruff Sierra C
Published: November 2018

Climate adaptation planning emphasizes the need for coordination across sectors and scales. To assess how adaptation is coordinated with multiple planning efforts in a community, I analyze plans in the City of Chester, Pennsylvania, USA. Multiple environmental plans and strategies align with adaptation efforts, but when policies from all plans are mapped, a clear conflict between redevelopment priorities and adaptation emerges. Land use plans promote redevelopment in hazardous locations, increasing vulnerability. These conflicts raise questions about the ability for mainstreaming and win-win strategies to produce transformation change.
Child Maltreatment, School Bonds, and Adult Violence: A Serial Mediation Model
Authors: Elise Barboza Gia , Siller Laura A.
Published: November 2018

Physically abused youth are vulnerable to experiencing difficulties across multiple domains of school functioning. Most of the literature examining the relationship between child physical abuse (CPA) and adult violence has focused narrowly on academic outcomes rather than taking a broader view that explores the processes undergirding school engagement and connections. The present study adopted Connell’s model of school engagement, connectedness and outcomes within a social bond framework to examine (a) the link between CPA and school social bonds, (b) the link between CPA and adult violence persistence, and (c) the mediational (parallel, serial) effects of school bonds (engagement, connection, and achievement) on violence perpetration in adulthood. Consistent with previous research, results indicated that children who experience physical abuse have poorer academic performance, which, in turn, is related to future violent trajectories. We further found that the relationship between CPA and violence persistence is mediated by a process of bonding to school that begins with being actively engaged in school activities and ends with higher levels of academic achievement. In particular, some of the “school achievement” effect found in previous research operates through behavioral and emotional manifestations and may be partly explained through physically abused children’s lessened ability to be engaged with and connected to school activities. We conclude with a discussion of the policy implications stemming from our findings.
Cardiovascular Disease Disparities in Sexual Minority Adults: An Examination of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (2014-2016)
Authors: Caceres Billy A. , Makarem Nour , Hickey Kathleen T. , Hughes Tonda L.
Published: November 2018

Purpose:

Investigate sexual orientation differences in cardiovascular disease risk and cardiovascular disease.

Design:

Cross-sectional.

Setting:

The 2014 to 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System.

Participants:

A total of 395 154 participants.

Measures:

The exposure measure was sexual orientation. Self-report of cardiovascular disease risk factors and cardiovascular disease was assessed.

Analysis:

Sex-stratified logistic regression analyses to examine sexual orientation differences in cardiovascular disease risk and cardiovascular disease (heterosexuals = reference group).

Results:

Sexual minority men reported higher rates of mental distress (gay adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.59; bisexual AOR: 1.88) and lifetime depression (gay AOR: 2.48; bisexual: AOR 2.67). Gay men reported higher rates of current smoking (AOR: 1.28), but lower rates of obesity (AOR: 0.82) compared to heterosexual men. Sexual minority women reported higher rates of several cardiovascular risk factors including mental distress (lesbian AOR: 1.37; bisexual AOR: 2.33), lifetime depression (lesbian AOR: 1.96; bisexual AOR: 3.26), current smoking (lesbian AOR: 1.65; bisexual AOR: 1.29), heavy drinking (lesbian AOR: 2.01; bisexual AOR: 2.04), and obesity (lesbian AOR: 1.50; bisexual AOR: 1.29), but were more likely to exercise than heterosexual women (lesbian AOR: 1.34; bisexual AOR: 1.24). Lesbian women reported lower rates of heart attack (AOR: 0.62), but bisexual women had higher rates of stroke than heterosexual women (AOR: 1.46).

Conclusions:

Findings can inform the development of prevention efforts to reduce cardiovascular disease risk in sexual minorities.
The effect of alkaline–silane treatment of rubberwood flour for water absorption and mechanical properties of plastic composites
Authors: Khamtree Sriwan , Ratanawilai Thanate , Ratanawilai Sukritthira
Published: November 2018

Rubberwood flour (RWF) was treated by alkaline, silane, and alkaline–silane, and consequently, reinforced recycled polypropylene (rPP) composites. The wood–plastic composites (WPCs) were prepared with 40 wt% RWF content using a twin-screw extruder, followed by compression molding. Silane treatment was applied at various concentrations and treatment times to evaluate the effect of treatment conditions on water absorption, mechanical properties, thermal properties, and morphological characterization of WPCs. The results indicated that alkaline–silane treatment of RWF exhibits higher properties in comparison to silane or alkaline only. In addition, silane concentrations significantly affected water absorption, mechanical strength, and hardness, while treatment times remained relatively unaffected by these properties. The best water resistance, mechanical strength, and hardness of WPCs were achieved by alkaline–silane treatment with 5% silane concentration for 2 h, which improved the interfacial adhesion of RWF and rPP as well as increased the crystallinity in the WPCs.
Experimental investigation of double-lap bolted composite joints with different outer plates subjected to bending loads
Authors: Luo Chengqiang , Yang Bin , Xuan Fu-Zhen , He Liang , Yang Kang
Published: November 2018

A double-lap bolted composite joint was designed. In the joint, the base material was woven glass fibre–reinforced epoxy (WGF/Epoxy) composite, and the outer plates were WGF/Epoxy, woven carbon fibre–reinforced epoxy (WCF/Epoxy) and WGF/WCF/Epoxy hybrid composite laminates, respectively. Fundamental mechanical properties of the composite panels were determined. Flexural testing of the designed bolted joints was performed. Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare the damage modes. The interlaminar curves could be divided into different stages. The flexural load–displacement curves had progressive damage characteristics. The strengths of joints with hybrid composite panel as outer plates were between those of pure specimens, and hybrid composites with WGF as contact surface had a positive hybrid effect.
Learning to Speak ‘Good English’: Notes from an English-Speaking Class in Mumbai
Authors: Malhotra Shrishti
Published: November 2018

This article attempts to locate the ‘English-Speaking’ class in contemporary India. By unpacking different aspects of one such class in Mumbai, it sheds light on the ways in which students, teachers and those who run the class view the ‘English-Speaking’ course and the ability to speak ‘good English’.
Energy Security Dynamics in India–Australia Relations
Authors: Hazarika Obja Borah , Pathak Sriparna
Published: November 2018

Energy security is integral for the collective progress of any society. Given India’s growth rate, expected urbanization and infrastructural development, and projected demographic expansion, India’s energy demand is expected to grow manifold. India’s energy needs are met by domestic production and imports. Both fossil fuels and renewables play a role in securing India’s energy demands, although the former contributes much more significantly in the current scheme of things. This article examines the role of cooperation on energy issues, mainly coal (coking and thermal), gas, uranium, and solar power in India–Australia ties. It is argued that given its abundance of fossil fuel reserves and its expertise in harnessing renewable energy, Australia will emerge as one of the most significant destinations of energy import and cooperation on issues relating to energy despite the prevalence of some issues such as environmental considerations and geographical distance and uncertainties including pace of reforms in India and unpredictability of prices. The article focuses on the demand–supply synergy in the energy sector between the two countries, so as to understand the scope for future collaboration.
Bridging the Digital Divide for Older Adults via Intergenerational Mentor-Up
Authors: Lee Othelia Eun-Kyoung , Kim Do-Hong
Published: November 2018

Objectives:

The effectiveness of Intergenerational Mentor-Up (IMU), an innovative intervention that engages college students in tutoring older adults, was examined with regard to eHealthy literacy and social isolation.

Method:

A total of 55 older adults (mean age = 73.82) participated in the six-session IMU tutorials. In this mixed methods study, quantitative and qualitative data were collected in a parallel fashion. Participants were interviewed after participating in the IMU.

Results:

Older adults presented significant improvement between pre- and postsurveys in various outcomes such as eHealth literacy, technophobia, self-efficacy, and interest in technology. Intergenerational interaction brought about by IMU helped to decrease social isolation among older adults. Qualitative data revealed that individualized training, modifications, adaptations, and intergenerational interactions can decrease their anxiety and boost their confidence.

Discussion:

Study findings enable the identification of the training needs to help close the digital divide and allow these older adults to reap the benefits of technology use.
Whips, Chains, and Books on Campus: How Emergent Organizations With Core Stigma Gain Official Recognition
Authors: Coslor Erica H. , Crawford Brett , Brents Barbara G.
Published: November 2018

This article explores how emergent organizations with core stigma manage stigma, and work toward official recognition. The qualitative research design used organizational constitutions, listserv communications, and interviews to examine officially-approved student organizations focused on kinky sexuality in U.S. universities. Our findings indicate (a) due process and impersonal evaluations enable official approval of emergent organizations, particularly if this focuses on operational concerns; (b) emergent organizations leverage credible social discourses, such as individual rights, to emphasize issues pertinent to approval bodies and mainstream throughout society; (c) organizations can strategically embrace stigma, entailing complex decisions about balancing revelation and concealment; and (d) organizational tactics shift depending on the maturity of the stigmatized issue, important because organizational stigma can be resilient and persistent despite organizational legitimacy. The article contributes to research on organizational management of stigma by examining how emergent organizations with core stigma manage stigma while moving from informal to official status.
Research Networking and Collaboration: A Case Study
Authors: Shaw Ian F.
Published: November 2018

Doing social science involves collaboration. Yet, there has been little attention to the character of collaboration between social scientists, or to if and in what ways research networks exist. This article reports aspects of a mixed method, participatory case study of a small international social work research network. It sets out how someone becomes a member of—or leaves—the network, how roles appeared to form and be assigned or taken, how the network operates, and the perceived transitional status of the network. The nature of collaboration is central to this analysis. The article illumines forms of collaboration typically deemphasized in arguments for its desirability. It was not characterized by consensus, but required role friction and creative reflexivity, where uncertainty and ambiguity were endemic, sometimes productively so.
“Unfortunately I’m a Massively Heavy Sleeper”: An Analysis of Fathers’ Constructions of Parenting
Authors: Borgkvist Ashlee , Eliott Jaklin , Crabb Shona , Moore Vivienne
Published: November 2018

Expectations for fathers have changed over the past few decades—research has shown that many men express more egalitarian views toward fatherhood and being more involved in parenting, particularly in the caretaking and emotional aspects of parenting. However, despite intentions expressed before parenthood, parenting will often play out along more traditional, gendered lines. In this research, we demonstrate how discourses used by fathers might work to maintain gendered divisions in relation to parenting and work. Data were collected through semistructured interviews that covered men’s experiences of work and parenting. Discourse analysis was employed to analyze the data. We identified that while participants expressed a desire to be involved fathers, often this did not transpire. Participants’ inability to, or decisions not to be, actively involved was accounted for in various ways, and suggested a tension between what fathers recognize they should be doing, and what they are doing, as parents.
Factors associated with hematuric struvite crystalluria in cats
Authors: Okafor Chika C , Pearl David L , Blois Shauna L , Lefebvre Sandra L , Yang Mingyin , Lund Elizabeth M , Dewey Cate E
Published: November 2018

Objectives

The aim of the study was to identify any dietary, signalment, geographic and clinical factors associated with hematuric struvite crystalluria (HSC) in a population of cats that visit general care veterinary hospitals in the USA.

Methods

In total, 4032 cats that had a first-time diagnosis of HSC and 8064 control cats with no history of hematuria or crystalluria were identified from medical records of all cats examined between 2007 and 2011 at 790 US veterinary hospitals. Extracted variables included age, sex, neuter status, breed, diet, urinalysis results and history of cystitis. Potential associations between these variables and HSC were estimated.

Results

Controlling for other factors, young cats fed a dry diet had an increased likelihood of HSC relative to young cats fed a non-dry diet. However, as age increased, the likelihood of HSC declined for cats fed a dry diet and increased for cats fed a non-dry diet. Moreover, the odds of HSC were significantly greater when cats were unneutered (vs neutered; odds ratio [OR] 45.52) or had a thin (vs heavy) body condition (OR 23.81), diagnosis of cystitis (OR 2.84), urine protein concentration >30 mg/dl (OR 4.72), alkaline (vs neutral) urine pH (OR 3.34), pyuria (OR 23.67) or bacteriuria (OR 2.24).

Conclusions and relevance

The present study provides estimates of the strengths of association between HSC and certain signalment and clinical characteristics of cats. This information could help clinicians to perform a more directed screening for struvite crystalluria in certain cat populations. Follow-up studies that build on the findings of this study could explore the clinical importance of HSC in cats.
A rare case of Evans syndrome associated with sudden loss of vision: A case report
Authors: Ababneh Laila T , Mahmoud Ikhlas H , Al-Rimawi Hala S
Published: November 2018

Purpose:

To report a case of Evans syndrome with a vascular occlusive event leading to severe loss of vision.

Case report:

A 12-year-old boy with Evans syndrome presented with painless acute loss of vision in the left eye during a period of remission from the disease. Examination showed visual acuity of hand motion in the left eye, left relative afferent pupillary defect, pale optic nerve head, and attenuated vessels. Optical coherence tomography showed thin macula in both eyes, and fundus fluorescein angiography revealed delayed filling time of the arterial phase in the left eye, with attenuation and sclerosis of the arterioles. An electrophysiological study showed an electronegative electroretinogram. Based on these findings, we reached a concurrent diagnosis of atypical retinitis pigmentosa in both eyes along with a major superimposed vascular occlusive event in the left eye leading to severe visual loss.

Conclusion:

This is a case describing a rare ocular complication of Evans syndrome, leading to severe loss of vision due to vascular occlusion of unknown mechanism.
Intrathecal Methotrexate-Induced Necrotizing Myelopathy: A Case Report and Review of Histologic Features
Authors: Tariq Hamza , Gilbert Andrea , Sharkey Francis E
Published: November 2018

Central nervous system (CNS) relapse of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is associated with a poor prognosis. However, prophylactic measures, including intrathecal (IT) methotrexate, reduce the incidence of CNS relapse in these patients considerably. Unfortunately, IT methotrexate can cause several neurologic complications, including transverse myelopathy; ie, the development of isolated spinal cord dysfunction over hours or days following the IT infusion of methotrexate, but in the absence of a compressive lesion. Transverse myelopathy following IT methotrexate is a well-established clinical phenomenon, but the histologic features have been described only very rarely. We report the autopsy findings from a 31-year-old man with a history of T-cell ALL who received prophylactic IT methotrexate in anticipation of a bone marrow transplant. Microscopic examination showed transverse necrosis of the thoracic cord, with massive infiltration by macrophages and lymphocytes, and perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates. There was cavitary necrosis of cervical and lumbar spinal cord involving the entire gray matter and focal white matter, as well as extensive subpial vacuolar degeneration of the dorsal and lateral columns.
Pedagogies of power: Media artefacts as public pedagogy for women’s leadership development
Authors: Stead Valerie , Elliott Carole
Published: November 2018

This article extends the idea of media artefacts as educational resources by examining web-based materials, specifically women’s ‘Power Lists’, to deepen understandings regarding media artefacts’ role in informing women’s leadership learning and development. Women’s underrepresentation in senior leadership roles places leadership development under scrutiny to develop theoretically informed frameworks that draw attention to gendered power relations in organisations. This article addresses this concern by drawing on cultural theory to theorise media artefacts as forms of public pedagogy. The pedagogic framework proposed presents a distinctive addition to leadership education methods that attend to the sociocultural and recognise the significance of informal learning to leadership learning. Recognising media artefacts’ pedagogic role enables individuals to examine in more detail the gendered nature of the social values and norms that inform leadership discourse, and how these values and norms are promoted, reproduced and sustained through media artefacts.
Modelling China’s outbound tourist flow to the ‘Silk Road’: A spatial econometric approach
Authors: Deng Taotao , Hu Yukun
Published: November 2018

With the ancient Silk Road as the historical background, the ‘Belt and Road’ initiative aims to foster common development of regional economies. Regional tourism development is an essential part of the initiative. Taking 55 countries participating in the initiative as a research sample, the article investigates the determinants and spillover effect of Chinese outbound tourist flows by spatial panel models. Furthermore, we identify different spillover paths from the perspectives of geographic and cultural proximities. The results confirm that there exist significant positive spillover effects in tourist flows among countries with geographic proximity. Meanwhile, there exist significant positive spillover effects in tourist flows among countries with cultural proximity. In addition, geographic and cultural distances between China and tourist destinations have negative impacts on Chinese outbound tourist flow.
Do green awards and certifications matter? Consumers’ perceptions, green behavioral intentions, and economic implications for the hotel industry: A Sri Lankan perspective
Authors: Lee Ki-Hoon , Lee Minwoo , Gunarathne Nuwan
Published: November 2018

This study examines the effects of green or eco-friendly certificates and awards on consumers’ perceived value within the hotel industry, and the roles of consumers’ perceived value in predicting satisfaction, intention to revisit, and intention to pay a green premium. The results of partial least squares structural equation modeling analysis from a sample of 250 guests in Sri Lankan hotels showed that our unified model includes a satisfactory level of prediction power to test the hypothesized relationships. Green certificates and green awards positively affect consumers’ perceived value within the hotel industry. The findings also supported the relationship between consumers’ perceived value and satisfaction, intention to revisit, and intention to pay a green premium. The empirical findings in the context of Sri Lanka provide another important insight which confirms the positive effects of green certification and green awards on consumers’ perceived value and behavioral intentions, such as their intention to revisit and to pay a premium.
Hot topics and emerging trends in tourism forecasting research: A scientometric review
Authors: Liu Han , Liu Ying , Wang Yonglian , Pan Changchun
Published: November 2018

Tourism forecasting has been a focal point of tourism research over the past few decades as a result of the corresponding rapid development and expansion of the tourism industry. A bibliometric analysis, based on 543 articles retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database, was carried out to provide insights into hot topics as well as emerging trends in tourism forecasting research. The results show that the research outputs related to tourism forecasting have grown rapidly since 2006. The observed hot topics in tourism forecasting were to predict tourism demand via various models, including time series models, econometric models, and artificial intelligence-based methods, and to compare the forecasting accuracy of models. An emerging trend of tourism forecasting is to use methods based on data from a web-based search engine. Our study provides insights and valuable information for researchers to identify new perspectives on hot topics and research frontiers.
The jurisdictional games of immigration policing: Barcelona’s fight against unauthorized street vending
Authors: Moffette David
Published: November 2018

The article maps out the multilayered legal governance of immigrant street vendors in Barcelona. The case study is used to develop the literature on crimmigration by suggesting better ways to account for the dynamic, asymmetric, and uneven legal intersections at play in immigration governance. Questioning the idea of a merger between immigration law and criminal law that scholars of crimmigration often imply, the article suggests that it is the heterogeneity and distinction between various legal regimes that is most productive and problematic in the governing of immigrants. The article offers the concept of interlegal jurisdictional games as an alternative point of entry to study these dynamics.
A new atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel simulation methodology for wind effects on large cooling towers considering wind environment variations
Authors: Cheng XX , Chen X , Ge YJ , Jiang H , Zhao L
Published: November 2018

The traditional atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel model test practice employs wind fields, the flow characteristics of which are in accordance with the empirical formulae of the atmospheric turbulence presented in Codes of Practice and monographs. However, the empirical formulae presented in Codes of Practice and monographs cannot truthfully reflect the high variations of the realistic atmospheric turbulence which sometimes aggravates wind effects on structures. Based on model tests conducted in a multiple-fan actively controlled wind tunnel, it is found that most wind effects on large cooling towers change monotonically with the increase in free-stream turbulence, and the model test results are more unfavorable for a flow field of low turbulence intensity than for a flow field of high turbulence intensity with respect to the measured coherences. Thus, a new atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel simulation methodology for wind effects on circular cylindrical structures is proposed to overcome the deficiency of the traditional atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel model tests. The new simulation methodology includes the simulation of two realistic atmospheric boundary layer flow fields with the highest and the lowest turbulence intensities in the wind tunnel and the envelopment of model test results obtained in the two flow fields (e.g. the mean and fluctuating wind pressure distributions, the power spectral density, the coherence function, and the correlation coefficient). The superiority of the new atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel simulation methodology over the traditional model test practice is demonstrated by comparing the model test results with the full-scale measurement data.
Bayesian estimation of total fertility from a population's age–sex structure
Authors: Schmertmann Carl P , Hauer Mathew E
Published: November 2018

We investigate a modern statistical approach to a classic deterministic demographic estimation technique. When vital event registration is missing or inadequate, it is possible to approximate a population's total fertility rate (TFR) from information about its distribution by age and sex. For example, if under-five child mortality is low then TFR is often close to seven times the child/woman ratio (CWR), the number of 0–4 year olds per 15–49-year-old woman. We analyse the formal relationship between CWR and TFR to identify sources of uncertainty in indirect estimates. We construct a Bayesian model for the statistical distribution of TFR conditional on the population's age–sex structure, in which unknown demographic quantities in the standard approximation are parameters with prior distributions. We apply the model in two case studies: to a small indigenous population in the Amazon region of Brazil that has extremely high fertility rates, and to the set of 159 counties in the US state of Georgia. A statistical approach yields important insights into the sources of error in indirect estimation, and their relative magnitudes.
Modelling dark current and hot pixels in imaging sensors
Authors: Forcina Antonio , Carbone Paolo
Published: November 2018

A Gaussian mixture model with a structured covariance matrix was used to analyse image data recorded by a digital sensor under darkness to model the effects of temperature and duration of exposure on the expected value and on the variance of the sensor dark current, separately for ordinary and possibly defective pixels. The model accounts for two components of variance within each latent type: random noise in each image and lack of uniformity within the sensor; both components are allowed to depend on experimental conditions. The results seem to indicate that the dependence of the expected value of dark current on duration of exposure and temperature cannot be represented by a simple parametric model. The latent class model detects the presence of at least two types of hot pixels. If we order the latent classes in decreasing order of the class weights, the corresponding expected values and variances increase. The covariance structure that emerges from our analysis has an important implication: the sign and the relative size of pixels deviations from uniformity are invariant to experimental conditions.
Unrequited: Asymmetry in interorganizational trust
Authors: Graebner Melissa E , Lumineau Fabrice , Fudge Kamal Darcy
Published: November 2018

Many studies of interorganizational relationships assume that trust between organizations is symmetric. In this essay, we explore the origins of this assumption and examine relevant quantitative and qualitative evidence from the literatures on strategy, marketing, supply chain management, and information systems. We conclude that no systematic evidence currently exists to support the assumption that interorganizational trust is typically symmetric. We explore how the possibility of asymmetry complicates interpretation of previous research on the effects of interorganizational trust. We encourage further research to identify conditions under which symmetry is likely, and offer a variety of strategies that scholars may use to deal with potential asymmetry.
Researching practitioner experiences through autoethnography: Embodying social policy, exploring emotional landscapes
Authors: Henderson Elizabeth
Published: November 2018

This article highlights autoethnography as an arts-based methodology in early years research, giving consideration to its challenges and critics as well as the power of its application to elicit voices in a way that other methodologies do not. It embraces and models autoethnography through sharing a performative autoethnographic narrative of one practitioner’s experiences as she grapples with implementing child protection/safeguarding policies, exploring the embodiment of social policy and the consequent dissonance in emotions that lead to a disruption in identity. It asks, ‘What do policy imperatives actually feel like in practice and how might autoethnography, as an arts-based methodology, afford researchers a way to illustrate this?’ Challenging the perception of what it means to be an early years practitioner, through an evocative and provocative narrative, this article foregrounds the need to overcome the historical silencing of practitioner’s voices while illustrating the value of autoethnographic research in helping to reveal the multiple layers of power and dissonance in a pedagogical space such as a nursery. Adopting a critical stance, to avert challenges of solipsism and to further extend the debate around practitioner identity, the performative autoethnographic narrative is later reflected within the wider context of relevant literature. Finally, consideration is given to the question of why autoethnographic research is under-represented in the early years field, particularly at a time when it is prudent to create a wider epistemological base to extend the discourse around what support practitioners need to help them fulfil their vital role in children’s lives.
The Party Reacts: The Strategic Nature of Endorsements of Donald Trump
Authors: Albert Zachary , Barney David J.
Published: November 2018

Many scholars expect that the “party decides” on presidential nominees who are both electable and willing to pursue an agenda acceptable to the supporting coalition. By most accounts, the nomination of Donald Trump does not fit these expectations. Did most party insiders view Trump as unelectable and unacceptable? If so, how did the Republican Party coalition react to his unlikely nomination? To address these questions, we content analyze endorsements of Trump and construct an endorsement network of the coalition behind Trump’s candidacy. We show that Trump received little support from party insiders prior to his nomination, and that policy considerations were relatively unimportant to Trump supporters throughout the election. Instead, when faced with an undesirable nominee, party insiders reacted by supporting Trump for electoral reasons. Our results suggest that party insiders are not immutable arbiters in presidential primaries and that most will prioritize partisan ambitions over policy goals.
A Brief Measure of Mathematics Symbols: Performance at Grades 1, 3, and 5
Authors: Powell Sarah R. , Fluhler Sally K.
Published: November 2018

To understand mathematics, children must interpret mathematics symbols. In this study, we designed a brief assessment of mathematics symbols for children in the elementary grades. For each of 23 symbols, children identified the symbol, provided the meaning of the symbol, and used the symbol. We assessed 297 children in Grades 1, 3, and 5. Internal consistency reliability was established across grade levels. Results indicated the overall symbol knowledge of children increased across grade levels, and children demonstrated higher scores on questions related to the identification and use of the symbol rather than explaining the meaning of the symbol. Across grades, symbol knowledge was a significant predictor of mathematics computation, although the variance accounted for was greatest in first grade and least in fifth grade.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Characterization of a Chick Embryo Model of Cancer Cell Metastases
Authors: Herrmann Anne , Taylor Arthur , Murray Patricia , Poptani Harish , Sée Violaine
Published: November 2018

Metastasis is the most common cause of death for patients with cancer. To fully understand the steps involved in metastatic dissemination, in vivo models are required, of which murine ones are the most common. Therefore, preclinical imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have mainly been developed for small mammals and their potential to monitor cancer growth and metastasis in nonmammalian models is not fully harnessed. We have here used MRI to measure primary neuroblastoma tumor size and metastasis in a chick embryo model. We compared its sensitivity and accuracy to end-point fluorescence detection upon dissection. Human neuroblastoma cells labeled with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and micron-sized iron particles were implanted on the extraembryonic chorioallantoic membrane of the chick at E7. T2 RARE, T2-weighted fast low angle shot (FLASH) as well as time-of-flight MR angiography imaging were applied at E14. Micron-sized iron particle labeling of neuroblastoma cells allowed in ovo observation of the primary tumor and tumor volume measurement noninvasively. Moreover, T2 weighted and FLASH imaging permitted the detection of small metastatic deposits in the chick embryo, thereby reinforcing the potential of this convenient, 3R compliant, in vivo model for cancer research.
Using Graduated Guidance to Teach Spoon Use to Children with Severe Multiple Disabilities Including Visual Impairment
Authors: Ivy Sarah E. , Hatton Deborah D. , Wehby Joseph H.
Published: November 2018

Children’s skill level in using a spoon facilitates increased independence during mealtimes and greater control over the pace and quantity of food intake, which has important implications for health and self-determination. Children with severe multiple disabilities, including cognitive and visual impairment (VI), require intensive instruction to achieve independence using a spoon. We used graduated guidance and verbal prompting to teach spoon use to three children with severe multiple disabilities, including cognitive and VI, in a pullout setting during afternoon snack at school. Efficacy of the intervention was tested using a multiple probe design across participants. Results show that the intervention was associated with an increase in participants’ independent, accurate spoon use; although, in the time allotted, participants did not reach full independence with all steps of spoon use. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
The Use of Remote Monitoring to Increase Staff Fidelity of Protocol Implementation When Working with Adults with Autism
Authors: Zawacki Jessica M. , Satriale Gloria , Zane Thomas
Published: November 2018

With the increase of individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) leaving the public school systems with centralized training environments, there needs to be innovation in supporting staff who will find themselves working in various community environments with adolescent or adult learners. Staff training and ongoing supervision is important for enhancing student skill acquisition and long-term maintenance of important life skills. Current day technology has been shown to be effective in augmenting staff training and supervision efforts. The purpose of the current study was to use existing FaceTime® technology to conduct remote live supervision of staff participants who were in the community with adult learners engaged in various learning tasks. Staff were trained on specific instructional protocols to implement, and the staff trainers, miles away, watched and listened to the training being delivered by the staff to the adult participants. When staff made implementation errors, the staff trainer corrected by speaking through the smartphone. Results showed that staff improved their fidelity of implementing the training protocols when distance feedback was provided. The results of this study provide more evidence that distance supervision of staff works and is another available method for training and supervising staff.
Hunger, Health and Society
Authors: Solon Mercedes , De Leon Emelita , Lopez Miguel , Bañez Eireen , Andersen Jean
Published: November 2018

Improvements in nutritional knowledge and attitudes and nutritional status were found in the rural Nutribus areas surveyed. Feeding standards improved, as measured by the mothers’ reports of what they fed children. In 1979 mothers in the VTRL villages were 55 per cent more likely to describe complete meals than those in the villages of the comparison group. Mothers in the VTRL villages were 473 per cent more likely to name Nutri-Pak as a good snack and 71 per cent more likely to give correct specific descriptions of Nutri-Pak than the BNS village mothers (fig. 2). Mothers in 1981 were 27 per cent more likely to describe complete meals (fig. 5) than those inter viewed in 1979.

As for nutritional status, in 1979 there was 25 per cent less third” and second-degree malnutrition among children of the VTRL villages than among those of the BNS villages and 29 per cent more first-degree malnutrition and normal nutritional status, using the Harvard standards for weight for age and the Gomez classification (fig. 4). Comparison of the nutritional status results of 1979 and 1981 shows a 17 per cent decrease in third- and second-degree malnutrition and a 12 per cent increase in first-degree malnutrition and normal status (fig. 7).

Evidence from the 1979 and 1981 evaluation of the Nutri-bus project favours the assumption of its effectiveness. It also reinforces the recognized need for improvements in the field management system, videotape production efficiency, and Nutri-Pak distribution system. The Nutrition Center of the Philippines has committed itself to the continuing development and evaluation of the Nutri-bus project.
Introduction of Nutrition Components into Agricultural Training in Latin America
Authors: Valiente Sergio , Olivares Sonia , Boj Teresa , Andrade Margarita , Kain Juliana
Published: November 2018

The programme of nutrition training in agriculture developed by INTA since 1980 has been extended to other Latin American countries in association with FAO, USAID, and other agencies. Implementing a programme of this type, with an international perspective and a multidisciplinary approach and involving several institutions, is not easy and can be done only with a co-operative effort. It can, however, make important contributions to improving the nutritional status and the quality of life of Latin America's rural population.
The Importance of Women's Involvement in Economic Activities in the Improvement of Child Nutrition and Health
Authors: Rogers Beatrice Lorge , Youssef Nadia
Published: November 2018

Rogers and Youssef believe that nutrition programmes “need to recognize explicitly that nutritional problems often have their origins in social and economic systems, and that these problems can be solved only by bringing about changes in these systems, particularly at the household level.”

They state that social services are suffering from a shrinking of government resources in developing countries, and stress that women must draw on their own resources to better their nutritional and health statue

Their proposals promote not only more entrepreneurship for women but also organizations of women, including unions. They also discuss the development of co-operative child-care, which would help women to conserve some of their resources.

Rogers and Youssef assert that women's groups started for economic purposes can be successful forums for nutrition and health education, and they provide examples of groups that have carried out all of these functions.
Energy Expenditure, Duration of Activities, and Physical Work Capacities of Burmese Women Weavers
Authors: Tin-May-Than
Published: November 2018

This study assesses the daily energy expenditure of Burmese women weavers and concludes that, although the total energy cost of their work is considerable because of the many hours involved, it is nor sufficiently intense either for substantial muscular development or for cardiovascular fitness. The weavers would not be able to tolerate work demanding high energy expenditure.
Mothers’ Nutrition Knowledge and Child Nutritional Status in India
Authors: Abbi Rita , Christian Parul , Gujaral Sunder , Gopaldas Tara
Published: November 2018

This article analyses the effects on children's nutritional status of their mothers’ knowledge of nutrition while controlling for the effects of the socio-economic characteristics of the family. In almost every test of the effects of various aspects of nutritional knowledge on weight for age and height for age, per capita monthly income was a significant intervening factor; the exception was the knowledge of ORS preparation. In the case of weight for height, house construction type was a significant intervening factor. The authors conclude that, unless mothers’ economic status improves simultaneously with nutrition knowledge, they may not be able to practice what they know, but that it is nevertheless essential to increase their nutrition knowledge.
Development of a Framework and Identification of Indicators for Evaluation
Authors: Gillespie Stuart
Published: November 2018

This paper describes the types of indicators that can be useful in evaluating inputs, activities, and outputs of institutions. While the focus is on food-and-nutrition-related institutions, the recommendations are of general application. Inputs include staff training, sustainable financial support, staff-development planning, physical assets, and technical assistance. Output indicators serve to show how practical, how cost-effective, and how sustainable the intervention is in relation to the existing local problems and the institutional capacity to deal with them. Indicators are also proposed for the evaluation of staff and their activities in management, research, planning, and training.
The Use and Availability of Anthropometry Software
Authors: Sullivan Kevin M. , Gorstein Jonathan , Dean Andrew G. , Fichtner Ronald R.
Published: November 2018

This paper describes the recent availability of microcomputer software for computing paediatric anthropometry-specifically height-for-age, weight-for-height, and weight-for-age indices based on the CDC/WHO international reference population. The primary software packages discussed are CASE, Epi Info, Anthro, ISSA, and IQ.
The Use of Focus Groups in Developing Prenatal Health Education Materials
Authors: Abundis Rocio , Abernathy Marian , Ghee Annette , Durazo Laura , Luna Rosa A.
Published: November 2018

Focus groups were used to develop and pretest mass media prenatal-education materials in the final phase of a study of prenatal health behaviour in Tijuana. The project was designed to develop a mass-media campaign to give women sufficient information to enable them to initiate prenatal self-care and to seek professional care when needed. Following an ethnographic study of 40 pregnant, low-income women in Tijuana, 451 women from the same sampling frame were asked about beliefs, practices, and communication patterns regarding prenatal professional care and self-care.

This paper reports on the use of focus groups in the process of testing and refining draft materials created on the basis of information from the ethnographic study and survey. Focus-group discussions enabled the researchers to modify the draft materials for maximum appeal, comprehensibility credibility, and relevance. For example, men were shown in supportive roles because many of the women reported a lack of support from their partners curing pregnancy.