bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prostate Cancer Gleason Grading: A Review on Deep Learning Approaches for Recognizing
Authors: Patel Maulika , Sanghani Parag , Shah Niraj
Published: July 2024

This survey paper is motivated by the imperative need for advanced and precise diagnostic tools in the realm of prostate cancer, where Gleason grading plays a pivotal role in determining the severity and treatment strategy. The aim of this comprehensive review is to explore and assess the diverse spectrum of deep learning approaches applied to prostate cancer Gleason grading, with a specific focus on convolutional neural networks (CNNs), transfer learning, ensemble methods, and emerging techniques. The primary contribution lies in offering a consolidated understanding of the current state-of-the-art methodologies, their architectures, and training strategies, while also addressing challenges and advancements in the integration of deep learning into clinical workflows. Furthermore, the survey discusses recent developments such as the incorporation of multimodal data and explainable AI methods, shedding light on their potential to enhance the interpretability and adoption of deep learning models in the critical domain of prostate cancer diagnosis. Through this, the paper aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers, clinicians, and practitioners, guiding future endeavors toward more accurate and efficient Gleason grading using deep learning techniques.
La prise en charge en rééducation fonctionnelle chez le chien
Authors: Rogalev Artem
Published: July 2024

La prise en charge d’un animal en rééducation fonctionnelle commence par une consultation ayant pour but, après un diagnostic clinique, de réaliser un bilan fonctionnel approfondi.

Après une évaluation précise et objective de la douleur/cicatrisation, de l’amplitude articulaire, de la masse musculaire et de la mobilité générale de l’animal, le vétérinaire choisit les techniques de soins les plus adaptées. Elles dépendront, entre autres, des objectifs visés, des capacités du propriétaire et de la coopération de l’animal et constitueront un protocole unique et spécifique à ce patient.

Pour la réalisation de ce dernier, certaines parties peuvent être déléguées à l’auxiliaire vétérinaire ou au propriétaire sous l’autorité du vétérinaire prescripteur. Il réévalue l’animal régulièrement pour adapter le protocole de soins à l’évolution de l’animal et s’assurer de l’efficacité de la prise en charge globale.
Das Praktische Jahr im Fach Öffentliches Gesundheitswesen: Ergebnisse
aus 10 Jahre Erfahrung am Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main
Authors: Kurjak Tom , Tinnemann Peter , Amberger Olga Anastasia
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund Das Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt am Main bietet als erstes
Gesundheitsamt Deutschlands seit dem Wintersemester 2013/14 das Fach
Öffentliches Gesundheitswesen (ÖGW) als Wahltertial des Praktischen Jahres (PJ)
im Medizinstudium an. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird analysiert, wie
PJ-Studierende ihre praktischen Erfahrungen im Gesundheitsamt und das erstellte
Logbuch für die praxisnahe klinische Ausbildung bewerten.

Methoden Es wurde eine Rotationsverfahren für das PJ-Tertial aufgesetzt
und ein Logbuch entwickelt, in dem fachspezifische Lernziele formuliert und in
Lernstufen eingeteilt wurden. Nach dem Tertial nehmen die PJ-Studierende an
einer Evaluation mittels standardisiertem Fragebogen teil. Die
Evaluationsergebnisse der letzten 10 Jahre werden quantitativ ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die Auswertung der Evaluationsergebnisse von 15 PJ-Studierenden
der letzten 10 Jahren zeigte eine sehr hohe Praktikumszufriedenheit und ergab
eine hohe Akzeptanz des Logbuches hinsichtlich Struktur, Auflistung der
Lernziele und der zu erlernenden Fähigkeiten.

Schlussfolgerung Das ÖGW PJ-Tertial mit dem dazugehörigem PJ-Logbuch am
Gesundheitsamt Frankfurt bringt PJ-Studierenden den Tages- und Abteilungsablauf
übersichtlich und strukturiert näher, bietet einen Überblick über die
ÖGW-Lernziele, und unterstreicht eine gute Ausbildung.
Inanspruchnahme von Zweitmeinungen in Deutschland – eine Analyse von
Abrechnungsdaten der AOK Nordost
Authors: Bruch Dunja , Resch Olga , Sehlen Stephanie , Prediger Barbara , Schröter Filip , Franzen Achim , Ronckers Cecile , Neugebauer Edmund , May Susann
Published: July 2024

Ziel Das Ziel dieser Abrechnungsdatenanalyse ist es, die Umsetzung der
Zweitmeinungsrichtlinie (ZM-RL) in Deutschland zu untersuchen und zu
analysieren, wie häufig die Aufklärung über das Recht auf eine Zweitmeinung (ZM)
und die Erbringung einer ZM dokumentiert werden.

Methodik Es wurden Versicherte eingeschlossen, für die in 2019 oder 2020
die Aufklärung über das Recht auf eine ZM oder die Inanspruchnahme einer ZM für
die Indikationen Tonsillektomie, Tonsillotomie, Hysterektomie oder in Q2-Q3 2020
für Schulterarthroskopie abgerechnet wurde. Die Daten wurden deskriptiv
ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Im untersuchten Zeitraum wurden 5307 Eingriffe bei den
betrachteten Indikationen durchgeführt. Insgesamt wurde bei 121 Patient:innen
mit einem Eingriff die Aufklärung über das Recht auf ZM dokumentiert und bei 12
Patient:innen mit einem Eingriff eine ZM abgerechnet. Der Anteil der
dokumentierten Aufklärungen im Vergleich zur OP-Zahl war bei
Tonsillektomie/Tonsillotomie<18 Jahre am höchsten (4%) und bei
Schulterarthroskopie am niedrigsten (0,6%). Bei keinem Versicherten wurde im
definierten Zeitraum sowohl die Aufklärung als auch die Inanspruchnahme einer ZM
abgerechnet.

Schlussfolgerung Die vorliegende Abrechnungsdatenanalyse zeigt, dass die
Aufklärung über das Recht auf eine ZM nach Richtlinie sowie die Einholung einer
solchen ZM noch nicht wie gesetzlich vorgesehen in der Regelversorgung
implementiert ist.
Evidenzregister Grüne Liste Prävention – Analyse der gelisteten
wirksamkeitsgeprüften Programme
Authors: Brender Ricarda , Bremer Katharina , Kula Antje , Groeger-Roth Frederick , Walter Ulla
Published: July 2024

Hintergrund In der Prävention und Gesundheitsförderung existiert eine
Vielzahl an Maßnahmen für Kinder und Jugendliche. Eine Möglichkeit, den
Akteur*innen evidenzbasiertes Handeln in der Praxis zu erleichtern, sind online
verfügbare Evidenzregister mit passgenauen wirksamkeitsgeprüften Maßnahmen. Die
Grüne Liste Prävention ist ein solches Register und bietet eine Übersicht zu
wirksamkeitsgeprüften Programmen in Deutschland, aktuell mit dem Fokus auf
psychosoziale Gesundheit.

Ziel Ziel ist es, (a) die Charakteristika der verfügbaren und evaluierten
Programme zur psychosozialen Gesundheit von Kindern und Jugendlichen zu
analysieren, (b) Schwerpunkte und unterrepräsentierte Bereiche der Grünen Liste
Prävention zu identifizieren und (c) die Suchfunktionen des Registers zu
optimieren.

Methode Die Erfassung der charakteristischen Merkmale erfolgte anhand der
vorhandenen Oberkategorien der Registereinträge, diese wurden von mindestens
zwei Personen in einem induktiven Verfahren in Unterkategorien ausdifferenziert.
Darüber hinaus wurden deduktiv Kategorien zu inhaltlichen und
umsetzungsrelevanten Aspekten ergänzt. Die gebildeten Ober- und Unterkategorien
wurden mittels spezifischer Merkmalsausprägungen operationalisiert. Anhand eines
Erhebungsbogens wurden alle Einträge analysiert und deskriptiv ausgewertet.

Ergebnisse Die 102 gelisteten Programme (Stand: 2/2024) adressieren nicht
nur die primäre Zielgruppe der Kinder und Jugendlichen, sondern auch sekundäre
Zielgruppen (vor allem Lehrkräfte und Erziehungsberechtigte). Einen Schwerpunkt
bilden Sozial- und Lebenskompetenzprogramme sowie Schulungen für
Erziehungsberechtigte. Verhaltenspräventive Programme zu den Themen Gewalt
(inkl. Mobbing) (63,7%), Sucht (46,1%) und/oder psychische Gesundheit (35,3%)
sind häufig vertreten, während Ernährung und/oder Bewegung (4,9%) kaum
repräsentiert sind. Die meisten Programme (88,2%) lassen sich den
Förderkriterien der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen (§20a SGB V) zuordnen. Potenziale
zu digitalen Umsetzungsformen und weiteren Umsetzungsaspekten wurden
identifiziert.

Schlussfolgerung Deutlich wird, dass die Grüne Liste Prävention eine
Vielzahl von unterschiedlichen Maßnahmen bündelt und Potenziale zur Erweiterung
bestehen. Die anwendungsfreundliche Aufbereitung von Wissen über wirksame
Maßnahmen kann durch erweiterte Suchfunktionen optimiert werden, sodass
ressourcenschonendes, evidenzbasiertes Handeln gestärkt wird.
Von der Idee zum Produkt – Die Entwicklung eines Schulteraufrichters
Authors: Mager Nele
Published: July 2024

Protrahierte Schultern, gebeugte Haltung und eine Ventralisierung der Kopf-Hals-Achse haben durch Smartphones und PCs ihren festen Platz in der Gesellschaft eingenommen. Die daraus resultierenden Beschwerden können vielfältig sein. Zur Linderung werden sogenannte Schulteraufrichter propagiert – eine Art passive Stützgürtel, die die Haltung korrigieren sollen. Wirklich brauchbar seien jene auf dem Markt jedoch nicht, findet Tobias Baierle. Der Physiotherapeut entwickelt daher mit verschiedenen Partnern ein neues Produkt, das ab Ende des Jahres erhältlich sein könnte.
Gemeinsame Stellungnahme der Deutschen Gesellschaft für HNO-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie (DGHNO-KHC) und des Deutschen Berufsverbandes der HNO-Ärzte (BVHNO) für ärztliches Personal in der Hals-, Nasen- und Ohrenheilkunde/Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie zum Arbeiten in der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit
Authors: Sharma Shachi Jenny , Rotter Nicole , Lundershausen Denise , Messerschmid Anna , Kreuder Andrea , Hagemann Jan , Löhler Jan , Deitmer Thomas , Busch Chia-Jung
Published: July 2024

Das Arbeiten in der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit stellt eine besondere Situation für die Arbeitnehmer als auch für den Arbeitgeber bzw. den Dienstvorgesetzten dar. Die novellierte Form des Mutterschutzgesetzes (MuSchG), die am 01.01.2018 in Kraft getreten ist, schützt die Gesundheit der Frau und ihres Kindes am Arbeits-, Ausbildungs- und Studienplatz während der Schwangerschaft, nach der Entbindung und in der Stillzeit. Frauen sollen ihre Beschäftigung oder sonstige Tätigkeit in dieser Zeit ohne Gefährdung ihrer Gesundheit oder der ihres Kindes fortsetzen können. Hierdurch sollen Benachteiligungen während dieser Zeit vermieden werden. Um möglichst optimale und sichere Rahmenbedingungen für die Beschäftigung während der Schwangerschaft und Stillzeit zu schaffen, möchten die DGHNO-KHC und der BVHNO im Rahmen dieser Stellungnahme eine „allgemeine Positivliste“ sowie eine „Positivliste für operative Tätigkeiten“ vorstellen, die allen Beteiligten als Orientierungshilfe dienen soll. Diese konsentierte Positivliste soll es schwangeren und stillenden Ärztinnen ermöglichen, patientennahe Tätigkeiten sowie kopf- und halschirurgische Eingriffe in Einklang mit dem MuSchG von 2018 durchführen zu können. Hierdurch sollen schwangere Kolleginnen unterstützt werden und Möglichkeiten geboten werden, weiter selbstbestimmt zu arbeiten.
Evaluation of the Effects of Extracts Containing Valeriana officinalis and Piper methysticum on the Activities of Cytochrome P450 3A and P-Glycoprotein
Authors: Nascimento Mariana de Lima , do Nascimento Sara Batista , Lima Ednalva de Souza Pereira , de Oliveira Flávio Martins , dos Santos Rafael Rocha , Cesar Isabela da Costa , de Castro Whocely Victor
Published: July 2024

This work investigated interactions ascribed to the administration of phytomedicines containing Valeriana officinalis and Piper methysticum with conventional drugs. The phytomedicines were characterized by HPLC and administered per os to male Wistar rats, either concomitantly or not with the CYP3A substrate midazolam. To distinguish between the presystemic or systemic effect, midazolam was given orally and intravenously. The effects on the P-gp substrate fexofenadine uptake by Caco-2 cells were examined. The valerenic acid content was 1.6 ± 0.1 mg per tablet, whereas kavain was 13.7 ± 0.3 mg/capsule. Valerian and kava-kava extracts increased the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of midazolam 2- and 4-fold compared to the control, respectively. The area under the plasma concentrations versus time curve (AUC(0-∞)) was enhanced from 994.3 ± 152.3 ng.h/mL (control) to 3041 ± 398 ng.h/mL (valerian) and 4139 ± 373 ng.h/mL (kava-kava). The
half-life of midazolam was not affected. These changes were attributed to the inhibition of midazolam metabolism by the enteric CYP3A since the i. v. pharmacokinetic of midazolam remained unchanged. The kava-kava extract augmented the uptake of fexofenadine by 3.5-fold compared to the control. Although Valeriana increased the uptake of fexofenadine, it was not statistically significant to that of the control (12.5 ± 3.7 ng/mg protein vs. 5.4 ± 0.3 ng/mg protein, respectively). Therefore, phytomedicines containing V. officinalis or P. methysticum inhibited the intestinal metabolism of midazolam in rats. Conversely, the P-gp-mediated transport of fexofenadine was preferably affected by kava-kava.
β-Nitroacrylates and Phenols as Key Precursors of Arenofuran-3-carboxylates
Authors: Palmieri Alessandro , Bassetti Benedetta , Principi Matteo , Ballini Roberto , Petrini Marino
Published: July 2024

Herein we report a new, practical and efficient preparation of benzofuran-3-carboxylates and naphthofuran-3-carboxylates starting from β-nitroacrylates and phenols. The reaction is promoted by indium trichloride and leads to the target compounds in good to very good yields under microwave irradiation.
Synthesis of N-Acyl-N′-Sulfonyl Hydrazides from Sulfonyl Hydrazides and Activated Amides
Authors: Oh Jonghoon , Lee Sunwoo , An Yubin
Published: July 2024

A methodology was developed for synthesizing N-acyl-N'-sulfonyl hydrazides through acyl substitution reactions between activated amides and arylsulfonyl hydrazides. Optimization of the reaction conditions revealed that using Cs₂CO₃ as a base and 1,4-dioxane as a solvent at 25 °C for 12 hours produced the highest yields. Among various amides tested, N-benzoylsuccinimide was found to be the most reactive, with reduced reactivity observed for N-mesityl-, N-tosyl-, and N-Boc-substituted tertiary benzoyl amides. Cross-reactions between a diverse range of N-benzoylsuccinimides and arylsulfonyl hydrazides successfully produced the corresponding N-acyl-N′-sulfonyl hydrazides with yields ranging from 63% to 94%.
Physical Performance Changes in Season are Associated with GPS Data
in Soccer Players
Authors: Zandavalli Laura A. , Grazioli Rafael , Izquierdo Mikel , Garcia-Tabar Ibai , Veeck Filipe , Setuain Igor , Ramirez Giovanni S. , Aroni André L. , Pinto Ronei Silveira , Cadore Eduardo L.
Published: July 2024

This study investigated the associations between pre-season and in-season
performance with external workload in professional soccer players. Twenty-one
players completed hamstring strength, countermovement jump (CMJ), 20-m sprint,
and Yo-Yo intermittent recovery tests before (pre-season) and after 8 weeks
(in-season). External workload (total distance, high-intensity running distance,
number of sprints, and power plays) was quantified during this period, and used
to divide the average above and below subgroups outcome by outcome for further
analyses. Significance was accepted when P≤0.05. Hamstring strength declined
from pre- to in-season [− 6%; p=0.014; effect size (ES): − 0.41], while Yo-Yo
performance improved (46%; p=0.001; ES: 1.31). When divided by high-intensity
running distance, only the below-average subgroup improved CMJ performance (5%;
p=0.030). For minutes played, the above-average subgroup improved Yo-Yo
performance (41%; p<0.001), but not the below-average subgroup. Furthermore,
playing time correlated with improved Yo-Yo performance (p=0.040; r=0.534).
Improved 20-m sprint performance associated with more sprints performed
(p=0.045; r=− 0.453). Physical capabilities changed over a competitive season
and were related to, and differentiated by, external workload. Because hamstring
strength decreased and CMJ only improved in players exposed to less
high-intensity external load, practitioners should individualize approaches to
counteract these conditions when high external workload is performed over the
season.
Tactics and Strategies for the Synthesis of Cereblon Ligands
Authors: Villemure Elisia , Nilewski Christian , Wang Yong , Zhou Yuebiao , Wong Alice R.
Published: July 2024

Targeted protein degradation (TPD) has emerged as an important strategy to target disease-relevant proteins that were previously considered difficult to drug or even undruggable. Cereblon (CRBN) plays an outsized role in TPD as a preferred degradation-inducing effector protein for several reasons, including its anticipated broad protein substrate scope and its ligandability with drug-like small molecules. Notably, CRBN-based molecular glue degraders (MGDs) and proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) have shown success in clinical trials and, in some cases, as approved drugs. Thus, the interest in CRBN ligands within the pharmaceutical industry and academia has increased dramatically in recent years, highlighting the need for robust synthetic approaches towards them. This short review summarizes tactics and strategies to synthesize CRBN ligands, including the most recent developments in the field. Particular emphasis is put on the construction and direct functionalization of key CRBN binding motifs such as glutarimides and dihydrouracils.

1 Introduction

2 Cereblon Ligands with Glutarimide Binding Motif

3 Cereblon Ligands with Dihydrouracil Binding Motif

4 Cereblon Ligands with Other Binding Motifs

5 Conclusions and Outlook
Comparison of the Shear Bond Strength Using Primers with Different Application Numbers on Dental Zirconia
Authors: Opatragoon Suphakit , Klaisiri Awiruth , Sriamporn Tool , Thamrongananskul Niyom
Published: July 2024

Objective This study examined the effect of the number of phosphate-containing primer applications on the shear bond strength (SBS) of zirconia to resin cement.

Materials and Methods 315 square specimens (10 × 10 × 4 mm3) were manufactured from Cercon ht presintered zirconia blocks. Alumina particles were used to sandblast zirconia specimens. These specimens were randomly divided into six primer-based groups: No primer application (NP), CLEARFIL CERAMIC PRIMER (C), PANAVIA V5 Tooth Primer (T), M&C PRIMER (MC), Monobond N (MN), and Z-PRIME plus (Z), and then separated into application number (1–4) groups (excluding NP). Each specimen was bonded with resin cement. The SBS was measured using a universal testing machine. The debonded surface was examined with a stereomicroscope.

Statistical Analysis The SBSs were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance.

Results Applying the primer twice exhibited the highest SBSs in each group, with significant differences in the T, MN, and Z groups. However, the SBS in the MC group was significantly lower on the second application. One-hundred percent adhesive failure was observed in all groups.

Conclusion Within the limitations of this study, prior to cementation, the sandblasted zirconia surface should be applied twice with a phosphate-containing primer other than MC to maximize the SBS at the zirconia-resin cement interface.
What Is the Survival Rate of Implants Loaded Immediately with a Branemark Protocol Prosthesis? A Review
Authors: Azarias Josuel Siqueira , Alves Bento Victor Augusto , de Moraes Melo Neto Clóvis Lamartine , Adriazola Ique Manuel Martin , do Santos Daniela Micheline , Goiato Marcelo Coelho
Published: July 2024

The aim of this review was to determine the survival rate of implants loaded immediately with a Branemark protocol prosthesis. An electronic search was performed in the PubMed/MEDLINE database from 2006 to February 2024, using a combination of Medical Subject Headings descriptors: “completely edentulous” and “immediate loading.” Human clinical articles in English that evaluated the survival rate of implants loaded immediately with a Branemark protocol prosthesis after placement in the bone were included. A total of 546 articles were identified, of which 15 were included in this study. The 15 articles included in the literature showed a high implant survival rate (more than 93%) after immediate loading.
Dealing with Evidence in Dental Professional Liability Lawsuits—General Recommendations for Dental Expert Witness Work Using the Example of Germany: A Narrative Review
Authors: Brauer Hans Ulrich , Bartols Andreas
Published: July 2024

Dental treatment can lead to disputes between patients and dentists, which are then brought before the civil courts as medical malpractice cases. The court regularly commissions a dental expert to answer questions of evidence in court. In the majority of cases, the expert is able to answer these questions based on his professional expertise and practical experience. In order to make the assessment comprehensible and credible for the judge and the parties, it can be helpful and reasonable to cite relevant literature references from dental textbooks and specialist journals. In individual cases, it may be necessary to carry out a systematic literature search on specific topics. Based on the situation in Germany, this narrative review makes recommendations of how to perform a literature search and make citations specifically for expert opinions that are generally applicable independent of national jurisdiction.
Strategies for selecting trading partners based on economic complexity of international trade networks: A comparison between Chinese and the US markets
Authors: Ren Zhuoming , Du Wenli , Zhao Ziyi , Zhao Li , Weng Tongfeng
Published: July 2024

Selecting suitable trading partners in the globalized trade landscape remains critical. Traditional selection processes driven by factors like comparative advantage and trade costs are cumbersome and incomplete. Economic complexity offers a more precise measure of a country’s economic development and product capacity, facilitating future-oriented choices. Leveraging international trade data from 2001 to 2015, this paper employs economic complexity theories to analyze Chinese and the US’ trade networks in the global market. It explores multi-level considerations for exporting countries’ partner selection, revealing varying product diversification challenges and market clustering tendencies. China shows increasing overall product proximity relationships, specifically notable in textile-related products, while the US exhibits decreasing product proximities. Additionally, trading positions and product dependencies vary across markets. Some countries, like Japan and Germany, maintain stable positions, while others fluctuate. Notably, countries like Nigeria, Bangladesh, and Cambodia have higher positions in the Chinese market, suggesting promising long-term trade partnerships. Conversely, countries like Yemen, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, and Sudan have higher positions in the US market, indicating significant disparities. Products that are needed in the Chinese market and occupy higher complexity positions are primarily concentrated in the field of non-ferrous metals, while the US market relies more on raw materials. This highlights distinct market dynamics, particularly pronounced in the US market. Hence, there is a greater likelihood of obtaining better economic benefits by trading these products in their respective markets.
First-principles investigation of positively charged and neutral oxygen vacancies in amorphous silica
Authors: Wang Yuqi , Zhao Yaolin , Chen Zhongcun , Jia Ziqi , Tong Dayin , Nie Shaowei , Han Zitong
Published: July 2024

The structural parameters, electron localization functions, electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) parameters, formation energies, and thermodynamic transition levels of various oxygen vacancy defects in amorphous silica are comprehensively and integrally investigated by using density functional theory. The trends of changes in the oxygen vacancy defect structure and electron localization induced by the increase in distance between defective silicon atoms are clearly identified. It is shown that the dimer configuration may be the potential structure of the Eδ′ center. For the back-projected unpuckered configuration and the puckered configuration, whose EPR parameters are more consistent with the experimental values of the Eγ′ center, the unpaired electron localized on the sp3 hybridized silicon atom is a common feature. Due to the three-coordinated oxygen atom in the forward-oriented configuration, the EPR parameters are closest to those of the Eα′ center. Transformations of oxygen vacancy defects under different charge states are studied by sequentially adding and removing electrons. The thermodynamic transition level analysis reveals that the dimer and forward configurations may behave as deep traps for electron accumulation. The back-projected puckered fourfold-coordinated and fivefold-coordinated configurations are comparatively stable and may be able to function as shallow traps for electron transport. The neutral double unpuckered, neutral back-projected puckered fourfold-coordinated, and neutral back-projected unpuckered configurations are more likely to lose electrons during hole trapping. As the bias voltage is repeatedly changed, the defect density of the puckered configuration may reduce, while that of the dimer and unpuckered configuration may take an opposite trend.
Dynamics of sphere impact on a suspended film with glycerol and surfactant
Authors: Li Dan , Ye Xuemin , You Xiangjie , Li Chunxi
Published: July 2024

Understanding the dynamics and inherent mechanisms of sphere impact on suspended films is important for improving sphere-film separation techniques. In this study, we conducted experiments to investigate the dynamics of sphere impact on suspended films and examine typical phenomena. We revealed the effects of dynamic viscosity and surface tension of films by altering the glycerol content (G) and the relative surfactant concentration (C*) and elucidated the characteristics of film deformation, sphere trajectory (hs), and contact time (tc). Moreover, we obtained the influences of sphere and film properties on bubble volume (Vbub) by analyzing force balance. The results indicate that three modes are observed and divided using the dimensionless energy parameter E* = Ek0/(ΔEfs + Evis) based on energy analysis, considering the sphere kinetic energy (Ek0), film surface energy increment (ΔEfs), and viscous dissipation (Evis): satisfying E* < 1, retention occurs; satisfying 1 < E* < 127.7(Ds/Df)2 (where Ds is the sphere diameter, Df is the film diameter), bubble entrainment passing appears; satisfying E* > 127.7(Ds/Df)2, non-bubble entrainment passing emerges. During retention, increasing G and C* causes film surface elasticity and hs to present a trend of first rising and then falling. For passing, the increase in G reduces deformability, leading hs to decrease, while increasing C* makes the film more susceptible to deformation, causing hs to increase. In addition, a film vibration period (τf) is introduced to measure tc, satisfying tc > 2τf for retention, while satisfying tc < τf/3 for passing. Inspection of the relationship between film deformation and falling height indicates that Vbub enlarges with increasing Ds and C* but shrinks with increasing G and release height Hs0.
The transition between the collision-dominated and ballistic electron transport regimes as the device length is reduced: A continuum analysis
Authors: Azimi Alireza , Azimi Mohammadreza , Shur Michael S. , O’Leary Stephen K.
Published: July 2024

Noting that the conventional collision-dominated electron transport perspective is only relevant when the length scale over which the transit occurs is greater than the electron’s mean free path, one can conceptually partition the electron transport “space” into collision-dominated and ballistic electron transport regimes. As the boundaries between these regimes are quite porous, in this analysis, we devise a means of quantitatively examining the transition between electron transport regimes as the length scale is reduced on a continuum basis. Our approach introduces a collision-dominated fractional scattering parameter, this parameter quantifying the fraction of the total scattering rate that arises purely from bulk scattering processes, contact scattering also contributing to the total scattering rate. We pursue this analysis for two conventional semiconductors of interest, silicon and gallium arsenide. A determination of the dependence of the results on both the length scale and the crystal temperature is pursued. Finally, for the specific case of room temperature, a comparison with the results of experiment is performed.
Highly versatile, two-color setup for high-order harmonic generation using spatial light modulators
Authors: Raab A.-K. , Schmoll M. , Simpson E. R. , Redon M. , Fang Y. , Guo C. , Viotti A.-L. , Arnold C. L. , L’Huillier A. , Mauritsson J.
Published: July 2024

We present a novel, interferometric, two-color, high-order harmonic generation setup based on a turn-key Ytterbium-doped femtosecond laser source and its second harmonic. Each interferometer arm contains a spatial light modulator with individual capabilities to manipulate the spatial beam profiles and to stabilize the relative delay between the fundamental and the second harmonic. In addition, separate control of the relative power and focusing geometries of the two color beams is implemented to conveniently perform automated scans of multiple parameters. A live diagnostics system gives continuous information during ongoing measurements.
Superconducting diode effect in two-dimensional topological insulator edges and Josephson junctions
Authors: Huang H. , de Picoli T. , Väyrynen J. I.
Published: July 2024

The superconducting diode effect—the dependence of critical current on its direction—can arise from the simultaneous breaking of inversion and time-reversal symmetry in a superconductor and has gained interest for its potential applications in superconducting electronics. In this Letter, we study the effect in a two-dimensional topological insulator (2D TI) in both a uniform geometry as well as in a long Josephson junction. We show that in the presence of Zeeman fields, a circulating edge current enables a large non-reciprocity of the critical current. We find a maximum diode efficiency of 1 for the uniform 2D TI and (2−1)2≈0.17 for the long Josephson junction.
Collaborative optimization of two-dimensional convergent divergent exhaust system based on Kriging model
Authors: Bo Lan , Wang Qiang , Hu Haiyang
Published: July 2024

In order to enhance the performance of the two-dimensional exhaust system during high-speed cruising and enhance aircraft survivability against infrared-guided weaponry, this study undertakes a systematic optimization of the geometric and thermodynamic parameters governing the two-dimensional exhaust system. The optimization objectives encompass augmenting both the discharge coefficient and the thrust coefficient of the nozzle while concurrently mitigating the infrared radiation intensity emanating in the tail direction. Imposing limitations on the infrared radiation intensity across diverse detection angles, the study further imposes constraints on the thrust efficiency and deflection efficiency of the thrust vectoring nozzle subsequent to a 15° deflection. Such measures ensure the maintenance of optimal stealth capabilities across all detection angles while preserving the unhampered thrust vectoring performance of the nozzle. This study employs the optimal Latin hypercube method and Kriging surrogate models in conjunction with collaborative optimization techniques to address multidisciplinary design optimization challenges. Comparative analyses with the initial design revealed significant enhancements: up to a 2.88% increase in the discharge coefficient, a maximum 0.53% increase in the thrust coefficient, and a notable reduction of up to 17.09% in tail direction dimensionless infrared radiation intensity, validating the effectiveness of the optimized exhaust system design.
Synchronous high-speed measurements of a flexible structure under wind gust load
Authors: Breuer Michael , Neumann Torben
Published: July 2024

Simultaneously measuring the fluid flow around a flexible structure and the resulting deformations during short-term yet highly dynamic flow events is the focus of this fluid–structure interaction (FSI) study. These scenarios occur when a wind gust impacts a flexible structure, leading to extreme loads and significant deflections. To mimic such gusts, a specifically designed wind gust generator is used within a wind tunnel featuring an open test section. A high-speed particle-image velocimetry system records the flow field, while the digital-image correlation technique captures the structural deformations. That allows us to perform synchronized coupled fluid–structure measurements for a T-structure under wind gust load. The time-resolved measurements are repeated up to 104 times, allowing for phase-averaging of both the flow and the structural data, and to examine the convergence of the statistics. A comprehensive analysis of the instantaneous and phase-averaged data reveals that the flow field in the vicinity of the structure undergoes noticeable changes during the gust impact. The recirculation region behind the T-structures perceptibly increases when the gust hits the structure. A maximum deformation of about 10% of its height is observed during the highly dynamic gust event. Given (1) the availability of synchronously recorded data for both the fluid flow and the structure deformation, (2) the simplicity of the structure's geometry, and (3) the moderate Reynolds number of about 4×104, this case also serves as a well-suited benchmark test case for evaluating simulation methodologies for strongly coupled, highly dynamic FSI problems.
Mitigation strategies for time-resolved x-ray diagnostic data degradation due to high neutron yield of ICF experiments at the NIF
Authors: Trosseille C. , Beach M. , Bell P. , Carpenter A. C. , Clements S. , Durst N. , Funsten B. T. , Garafalo A. M. , Goyal T. , Hargrove D. , Hilsabeck T. J. , Holder J. P. , Izumi N. , Khater H. , Nguyen N. , Nyholm P. , Piston K. W. , Prince J. , Ramirez R. , Sharp A. , Tabimina J. , Nagel S. R.
Published: July 2024

Inertial confinement fusion experiments taking place at the National Ignition Facility are generating ever increasing amounts of fusion energy, with the deuterium tritium fusion neutron yield growing a hundredfold over the past ten years. Strategies must be developed to mitigate this harsh environment’s deleterious effects on the operation and the performance of the time-resolved x-ray imagers deployed in the National Ignition Facility target bay to record the dynamics of the implosions. We review the evolution of these imagers in recent years and detail some of the past and present efforts undertaken to maintain or improve the quality of the experimental data collected on high neutron yield experiments. These include the use of a dump-and-read electronic backend, the selection of photographic film with a low background sensitivity, and the optical filtering of Cherenkov radiation.
The impact of drop-shaped pin-fins on the thermal and hydraulic characteristics of a finned tube
Authors: Deeb Rawad
Published: July 2024

In this study, circular and drop-shaped pin-fins were employed to investigate the influence of pin-fins on the thermal behavior and flow characteristics of finned tubes using a combination of experimental and numerical methods. The configuration of in-line pin-fins was analyzed and compared with that of a smooth tube. The analysis covered Reynolds numbers spanning from Re = 7.03 × 103 to 35.17 × 103. Thermal and hydraulic contours were depicted. Two methodologies were utilized to assess the overall performance. The outcomes demonstrated that the average Nusselt number for the finned tubes equipped with drop and circular pin-fins rose by approximately 50.03%–93.1% and 59.59%–77.08%, respectively, in comparison to the smooth circular tube. Moreover, the drop-shaped pin-fins on the tube displayed a reduced friction factor, leading to a reduction of 1.36%–7.95% in comparison to the circular counterpart. Furthermore, both drop and circular pin-fins on the tubes exhibited approximately 2.93%–54.89% and 7.33%–37.1% higher efficiency, respectively, compared to the smooth tube. Generalized correlations were developed to compute the Nusselt number, friction factor, and effectiveness in relation to the Reynolds number, with the aim of providing guidance for future research and design efforts in heat exchangers incorporating pin-fin tubes. The utilization of tubes featuring drop-shaped pin-fins plays a significant role in energy conservation.
3D electromagnetic assessment of bended CORC® cables
Authors: Clegg M. , Ruiz H. S.
Published: July 2024

Conductor on round core (CORC®) cables have emerged as a leading contender in high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable designs, offering exceptional performance with current densities surpassing 300 A/mm2 and the ability to withstand high axial tensile and compressive strain. Despite their remarkable properties, optimizing CORC® cables remains a challenge, particularly in accurately estimating their AC losses under real-world conditions, which necessitates advanced numerical modeling techniques. Building upon recent advancements in simulating straight CORC® cables, where Bean’s-like current profiles were observed across the actual thickness of wound superconducting tapes, we introduce a tailored computational approach to enhance the processing speed of three-dimensional (3D) finite element models of wound HTS tapes. This tailored approach is specifically designed to address the complexities of bent CORC® cables, which exhibit helicoidal winding and are subjected to varying mechanical strain. We focus on analyzing their electromagnetic performance by transitioning from idealized straight-former designs to more realistic scenarios where cable-formers are bent to accommodate flexible cable routing or coil configurations. Our simulations consider a typical cable design comprising three 4 mm-wide SuperPower tapes (SCS4050) with a twist pitch of 40 mm. We demonstrate the capability to accurately model the full electromagnetic behavior of bent CORC® cables without the reduction of degrees of freedom, providing valuable insights into their performance under bending conditions. Our findings contribute to the ongoing optimization of CORC® cable designs for a wide range of practical applications in high-current and high-magnetic field environments.
Thermodynamics and electronic structure of edges in monolayer MoSi2N4
Authors: Burte Atharva S. , Abdelrahman Omar , Muniz André R. , Ramasubramaniam Ashwin
Published: July 2024

MoSi2N4 is a two-dimensional ternary nitride semiconductor that has attracted attention for its excellent mechanical and thermal properties. Theoretical studies predict that zigzag edges of this material can host magnetic edge states and Dirac fermions, but the stability of such edges has not been examined. Here, we present a density functional theory study of the electronic and thermodynamic properties of MoSi2N4 edges. We develop a (partial) ternary phase diagram that identifies a region of chemical potentials within which MoSi2N4 is stable over competing elemental or binary phases. Based on this phase diagram, we determine the thermodynamic stability of several armchair and zigzag edges and elucidate their electronic structures. Bare zigzag edges, predicted to host exotic electronic states, are found to be substantially higher in energy than armchair edges and, thus, unlikely to occur in practice. However, with hydrogen passivation, these zigzag edges can be stabilized relative to their armchair counterparts while retaining metallicity and magnetic order. Our analysis provides a solid thermodynamic basis for further exploration of MoSi2N4 in nanoscale electronics and spintronics.
Experimental study on the comparison of mechanical properties of different types of glutenite in the Ma'nan area
Authors: Hu Shuiqing , Yang Zirui , Yan Yiqun , Ye Yiping , Zhang Wei , Ba Zhongchen , He Hui , Wang Daobing
Published: July 2024

This study delves into the mechanical properties of various rock types found in glutenite reservoirs in the Ma'nan area of the Xinjiang oilfield. It bridges a knowledge gap by exploring the mechanical deformation and failure patterns among different glutenite types. Employing porosity-permeability tests, ultrasonic wave velocity measurements, and triaxial compression tests, this research scrutinizes physical parameters, mechanical properties, deformation, and failure modes of dolomitic sandstone, calcareous coarse sandstone, calcareous fine siltstone, and glutenite. Results highlight a porosity increase from dolomitic sandstone to glutenite, with calcareous coarse sandstone having the lowest permeability and glutenite the highest. Shear wave velocity is greater in dolomitic sandstone and calcareous coarse sandstone compared to calcareous fine siltstone, while longitudinal wave velocity is higher in dolomitic sandstone than in glutenite. Deformation behavior varies: dolomitic sandstone is primarily elastic, and calcareous sandstone and glutenite show elastoplastic characteristics. Dolomitic sandstone boasts the highest compressive strength, elastic modulus, and Poisson's ratio. Calcareous fine siltstone's compressive strength and elastic modulus fall below dolomitic sandstone, while the Poisson's ratio of calcareous coarse sandstone is three-quarters that of dolomitic sandstone. Main failure modes observed are shear failure in dolomitic sandstone, calcareous coarse sandstone, and glutenite, and axial splitting failure in calcareous fine siltstone. Microscopic analyses, including environmental scanning electron microscopy and mineral composition, shed light on the mechanical differences among the rocks. In sum, this research yields crucial insights into the mechanical traits of glutenite reservoir rocks, essential for optimizing hydraulic fracturing strategies in such reservoirs.
OPTEMIST: A neutral beam for measuring quasi-omnigenity in Wendelstein 7-X
Authors: Lazerson Samuel A. , Kulla David , McNeely Paul , Rust Norbert , van Ham Lucas , Hartmann Dirk ,   W7-X Team
Published: July 2024

A new neutral beamline (OPTEMIST) uniquely capable of exploring the predicted improvement of fast ion confinement in Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X), which comes with increasing plasma beta, is proposed. As the plasma beta increases in the W7-X device, the high mirror magnetic configuration has drift orbits that begin to close, enhancing the confinement of the deeply trapped particles. The existing neutral beam system is found to produce particle populations that do not adequately probe the deeply trapped orbits. Fast tritons generated by thermal deuterium–deuterium fusion reactions are found to probe the necessary conditions for demonstrating this effect. However, it is found that diagnostically measuring this effect will be difficult. A scoping study of a neutral beamline that directly populates the trapped orbits is performed. It is found that a monoenergetic population of 120 kV injected protons provides the largest confinement enhancement in the fast ion population as the plasma beta is increased. The necessity to raise plasma density to increase plasma beta results in blinding of spectroscopic beam measurements by bremsstrahlung. An array of novel fast ion loss detectors that would adequately assess the confinement of these particles is proposed.
A novel design of multiplexer based on the cellular interaction in quantum dot technology with energy dissipation analysis
Authors: Bagheri Tohid , Heikalabad Saeed Rasouli , Jabbehdari Sam
Published: July 2024

This paper addresses the challenge of efficiently designing multiplexer structures in quantum-dot technology circuits. Specifically, it introduces a novel approach to constructing a 2-to-1 multiplexer through a unique gate design that relies on the interaction between cells. The key focus of this design is to minimize the utilization of cells, thereby conserving space and facilitating the creation of more complex combinational and sequential circuits. The methodology involves developing a gate structure that requires the least number of cells compared to existing designs. This reduction in cell usage not only optimizes space utilization but also enhances the scalability of the multiplexer for integration into larger circuits. The proposed gate structure demonstrates a significant improvement, achieving a 15% reduction in the number of cells compared to the previously best-known design. To further evaluate the effectiveness of this novel gate design, the study extends its analysis to include the implementation of various complex circuits such as a 4-to-1 multiplexer, D latch, and T latch. These structures are synthesized using the newly proposed gate design as a fundamental building block. To validate the functionality and performance of these circuits, simulations are conducted using the QCADesigner simulation tool. This comprehensive simulation enables a thorough assessment of the proposed structures across different circuit configurations, providing insights into their operational efficiency and suitability for practical applications in quantum-dot technology.
Utilizing indicator functions with computational data to confirm nature of overlap in normal turbulent stresses: Logarithmic or quarter-power
Authors: Nagib Hassan , Vinuesa Ricardo , Hoyas Sergio
Published: July 2024

Indicator functions of the streamwise normal-stress profiles (NSP), based on careful differentiation of some of the best direct numerical simulations (DNS) data from channel and pipe flows, over the range 550<Reτ<16 000, are examined to establish the existence and range in wall distances of either a logarithmic-trend segment or a 1/4-power region. For nine out of 15 cases of DNS data we examined where Reτ<2000, the NSP did not contain either of the proposed trends. As Reτ exceeds around 2000 a 1/4-power, reflecting the “bounded-dissipation” predictions of Chen and Sreenivasan [“Law of bounded dissipation and its consequences in turbulent wall flows,” J. Fluid Mech. 933, A20 (2022); “Reynolds number asymptotics of wall-turbulence fluctuations,” J. Fluid Mech. 976, A21 (2023)] and data analysis of Monkewitz [“Reynolds number scaling and inner-outer overlap of stream-wise Reynoldss stress in wall turbulence,” arXiv:2307.00612 (2023)], develops near y+=1000 and expands with Reynolds numbers extending to 1000<y+<10 000 for Reτ around 15 000. This range of 1/4-power NSP corresponds to a range of outer-scaled Y between around 0.3 and 0.7. The computational database examined did not include the zero-pressure-gradient boundary layer experiments at higher Reynolds numbers where the logarithmic trend in the NSP has been previously reported around y+ of 1000 by Marusic et al. [“Attached eddy model of wall turbulence,” Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 51, 49–74 (2019); “The logarithmic variance of streamwise velocity and conundrum in wall turbulence,” J. Fluid Mech. 933, A8 (2022)] according to a “wall-scaled eddy model.”