bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maternal Mental Health and the Persistence of Food Insecurity in Poor Rural Families
Authors: Lent Megan D. , Petrovic Lindsay E. , Swanson Josephine A. , Olson Christine M.
Published: August 2009

Background . Little is known about the causal relationship between and the mechanisms linking depression and food insecurity. Our purpose was to examine these knowledge gaps.
Methods . Chi-squared analysis of longitudinal data from 29 rural upstate New York families followed for three years and qualitative analysis of interviews were used to identify associations and mechanisms.
Results . Depressive symptoms (p=.009) and poor mental health (p=.01) in mothers limited the likelihood families would leave food insecurity. This relationship was mediated through limiting the employment of adult family members and operated in three ways: preventing the depressed household member from working, preventing a different household member from working, and limiting access to childcare for depressed children so adults could work.
Conclusions . Poor mental health is associated with keeping families food-insecure by limiting their employment. High-quality, accessible mental health care is needed for poverty-associated food insecurity to be alleviated.
Challenges of Collaboration to Address Health Disparities in the Rapidly Growing Community of Las Vegas, Nevada
Authors: Woodson Joyce M. , Braxton-Calhoun Millicent , Black Jacqueline , Marinelli Rosalie D. , O’Hair Alyssa , Constantino Nora L.
Published: August 2009

Collaboration was established between a university and the faith-based community in Clark County, Nevada to develop a coalition to address chronic disease in the African American population. The university faculty enlisted several churches and health related agencies to join the coalition. The challenges of collaborating with a community coalition to develop and implement a grant are discussed.
Development of a Computerized Medical History Profile for Children in Out-of-Home Placement Using Medicaid Data
Authors: Chisolm Deena J. , Scribano Philip V. , Purnell Tanjala S. , Kelleher Kelly J.
Published: August 2009

Children in out-of-home placements (foster children) often undergo multiple placement changes while under the care of child protective services. This instability can result in lack of health care continuity and poor health outcomes. This brief describes the development of a medical history profile, or passport , developed from Medicaid administrative data. A purposive sample of 25 youths was provided from a county child protective services agency. The patients were systematically matched with data from the state Medicaid agency. Using Medicaid claims/encounter data we generated health care profiles that provided information on historical use of ambulatory care, diagnoses, providers seen, medications used, and inpatient admissions. However, profiles were limited by missing provider information and non-specific diagnostic coding. Despite these limitations, Medicaid data-based profiles show the potential to be a cost efficient method for improving continuity of care for children in out-of-home placement.
Physicians’ Implicit and Explicit Attitudes About Race by MD Race, Ethnicity, and Gender
Authors: Sabin Janice A. , Nosek Brian A. , Greenwald Anthony G. , Rivara Frederick P.
Published: August 2009

Recent reports suggest that providers’ implicit attitudes about race contribute to racial and ethnic health care disparities. However, little is known about physicians’ implicit racial attitudes. This study measured implicit and explicit attitudes about race using the Race Attitude Implicit Association Test (IAT) for a large sample of test takers (N=404,277), including a sub-sample of medical doctors (MDs) (n=2,535). Medical doctors, like the entire sample, showed an implicit preference for White Americans relative to Black Americans. We examined these effects among White, African American, Hispanic, and Asian MDs and by physician gender. Strength of implicit bias exceeded self-report among all test takers except African American MDs. African American MDs, on average, did not show an implicit preference for either Blacks or Whites, and women showed less implicit bias than men. Future research should explore whether, and under what conditions, MDs’ implicit attitudes about race affect the quality of medical care.
Race and Ethnicity and Rural Mental Health Treatment
Authors: Petterson Stephen , Williams Ishan Canty , Hauenstein Emily J. , Rovnyak Virginia , Merwin Elizabeth
Published: August 2009

Objective . Research has shown that there is less use of mental health services in rural areas even when availability, accessibility, demographic, and need factors are controlled. This study examined mental health treatment disparities by determining treatment rates across different racial/ethnic groups.
Methods . Data from the first four panels of the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) were used for these analyses. The sample consisted of 36,288 respondents yielding 75,347 person-year observations. The Economic Research Service’s Rural-Urban Continuum was used as a measure of rurality.
Results . Findings show that rural residence does little to contribute to existing treatment disparities for racial/ethnic minorities living in these areas.
Conclusions . Findings suggest that characteristics of the rural environment may disadvantage all residents with respect to mental health treatment. In more populated areas where mental health services are more plentiful, complex racial and service system factors may play a greater role in evident ethnic/racial treatment disparities.
The Use of Antiplatelet Agents for Secondary Prevention of Ischemic Stroke in U.S. Ambulatory Care Settings
Authors: Niska Richard , Han Beth
Published: August 2009

Introduction . We examined stroke prevention with antiplatelet agents by U.S. nonfederal office physicians and hospital outpatient departments from 2005–2006.
Methods . The nationally representative dataset used a multistage (112 primary sampling units, physicians/ hospitals, patient medical records) random sample of 1,702 visits by patients 20 years or older with cerebrovascular disease (national estimate: 15.4 million annual visits). Dependent variable: use of antiplatelet agents for patients without contraindications. Independent variables: age, sex, race/ethnicity, payment, primary care provider, prior visits in last year, comorbidities. Logistic regression was used to investigate associations with recommended interventions.
Results . Antiplatelet agents were prescribed at 31.1% of visits. Positive predictors: seeing the patient’s primary care provider and having five or more comorbidities. Negative predictors: non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity and having six or more prior visits in the last year.
Conclusion . Variations by visit characteristics suggest that improvement in using antiplatelet agents is possible, especially for non-Hispanic Black patients.
Increasing the Reach of HIV Testing to Young Latino MSM: Results of a Pilot Study Integrating Outreach and Services
Authors: Erausquin Jennifer Toller , Duan Naihua , Grusky Oscar , Swanson Aimee-Noelle , Kerrone Dustin , Rudy Ellen T.
Published: August 2009

Background . In the U.S., HIV infections are increasing among men who have sex with men (MSM), particularly young, racial/ethnic minority MSM.
Objective . To examine the feasibility of increasing HIV testing among young Latino MSM by integrating tailored outreach strategies with testing, counseling, and HIV medical services.
Design . Descriptive study comparing demographic characteristics, behaviors, and HIV test results of clients from the intervention period with clients who tested during other time periods.
Results . Clients in the intervention period were younger and more likely to be Latino than those in other time periods. In addition, clients who received outreach were more likely than those who did not receive outreach to report methamphetamine use, sex with an HIV-positive person, and sex with a sex worker.
Conclusion . Venue-based and selective media outreach, in combination with linking rapid testing to HIV care, may help overcome some of the barriers to testing among high-risk young Latino MSM.
Engaging Student Health Organizations in Reducing Health Disparities in Underserved Communities through Volunteerism: Developing a Student Health Corps
Authors: Mays Vickie M. , Ly Lichin , Allen Erica , Young Sophia
Published: August 2009

One underutilized method for reducing health disparities and training culturally competent health care workers is the engagement of undergraduate student health organizations in conducting health screenings, promotion, and health education outreach activities in in underserved racial/ethnic communities. We conducted a needs assessment of 14 predominantly racial/ethnic minority undergraduate student-run health organizations. The 14 organizations annually served approximately 12,425 people (67% Hispanic, 25% African American, 6.33% Asian Pacific Islander), predominantly at health fairs within Los Angeles County (averaging 138 attendees). Student organizations provided screenings on general health conditions and diseases, with less emphasis on behavioral risk factors (e.g., drinking, smoking). Organizations indicated a need for increased and affordable trainings in preventive health screenings and help in understanding target populations’ needs. Universities are in an excellent position to train, supervise, and organize volunteer health corps in order to engage students in reducing health disparities and to train culturally competent health care providers.
Family Health History and Health Behaviors in Alaska Native and American Indian People
Authors: Slattery Martha L. , Murtaugh Maureen A. , Lanier Anne P. , Ma Khe-Ni , Ferucci Elizabeth D. , Etzel Ruth A. , Edwards Sandra
Published: August 2009

Background . Family history of diseases among American Indian and Alaska Native (AIAN) people may influence health.
Methods . We examine the prevalence of family health history among a cohort of AIAN people (n= 10,374) enrolled in the Education and Research Towards Health (EARTH) Study. We evaluate the association between having a positive family history and health behaviors to determine if those reporting a family history were more likely to report lifestyles that put them at risk of developing these health conditions.
Results . Among participants, 17.7% reported not knowing their family history and 23.5% preferred not to answer the family history component of the questionnaire. Eight percent of participants reported a family history of colorectal cancer, 7.9% a family history of breast cancer, 25.8% a family history of heart attack, and 46.7% a family history of diabetes. Obesity, physical activity, cholesterol, and perceived health were associated with family history.
Conclusions . Individuals with a family history of diseases may have lifestyles that influence their disease risk.
A Comparison of National Emergency Department Use by Homeless versus Non-Homeless People in the United States
Authors: Oates Gary , Tadros Allison , Davis Stephen M.
Published: August 2009

Background . A single-site study described differences between homeless and non-homeless patient utilization of the emergency department (ED). No prior study has examined ED use by the homeless on a national level.
Objective .To analyze national ED utilization by homeless patients.
Methods . Data were extracted from the 2005 National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey. SAS callable SUDAAN was used to produce national estimates.
Results . Of the 115 million visits to national EDs in 2005, 472,922 were made by homeless patients. In comparison with the non-homeless, these patients were more likely to arrive by ambulance and to be uninsured. Both groups had similar admission rates and triage urgency, with a trend toward increased diagnostic testing for homeless patients.
Conclusion . Homeless patients who visited EDs in 2005 were more likely to arrive by ambulance despite similar triage urgency and admission rates compared with the non-homeless, and were less likely to be insured.
Civil Society and the New Civic Movements in Contemporary Japan: Convergence, Collaboration, and Transformation
Authors: Avenell Simon Andrew
Published: August 2009

This essay traces the rise of new civic movements in Japan from the 1970s. Challenging claims that these movements are transforming the country’s civil society, the article shows how state, corporate, and civic actors have fashioned a domesticated and largely apolitical sphere of social activism. Not only have bureaucratic and corporate elites fostered cooperative and useful groups, leading civic activists have crafted a pervasive logic of “proposal” which demonizes contentious politics, espouses self-help as the solution to all social problems, and celebrates intimate engagement with the state and market. Accordingly, the article argues for a more nuanced reading of transformation in Japan’s civil society.
Shepherds of the People: Yasuoka Masahiro and the New Bureaucrats in Early Showa Japan
Authors: Brown Roger H.
Published: August 2009

This essay revisits the meaning and significance of the ideal of bokuminkan (officials who shepherd the people), arguing that the archetype derived primarily from Tokugawa administrative thought and practice and helped shape the ethos of the modern Home Ministry. It further demonstrates how the nationalist intellectual Yasuoka Masahiro (1898–1983) incorporated his particular bokumin ideology into a Confucian-influenced discourse legitimizing a pivotal role for the “new bureaucrats” in an age of parliamentary politics, bolstering their identity as “transcendental,” nonparty political elites and serving their agenda of enhancing bureaucratic authority. In sum, this essay elucidates an important yet overlooked component of bureaucratic ideology in early Showa Japan.
An Apology of Betrayal: Political and Narrative Strategies in a Late Medieval Memoir
Authors: Spafford David
Published: August 2009

The first in English to investigate eastern Japan in the fifteenth century, this study analyzes a memoir, Shōin shigo , and its account of an incident of familial strife that shook the Kanto in 1495. The memoir subtly recasts the clash between lord and vassal to defuse allegations of disloyalty and betrayal, affording us in the process an unusually close view of the personal ties that drove political relations. Casting aside the stereotype of the opportunistic and self-serving warrior (canonized in the Edo period), this essay argues that the memoir represents an imaginative attempt to recast the “warrior house” in ways that transcended blood ties.
Pirahã Culture and Grammar: A Response to Some Criticisms
Authors: Everett Daniel L.
Published: August 2009

This article responds to criticisms of the proposals of Everett 2005 by Nevins, Pesetsky, and Rodrigues (2009, this issue). It argues that their criticisms are unfounded and that Pirahã grammar and culture are accurately described in Everett 2005. The article also offers more detailed argumentation for the hypothesis that culture can exert an architectonic effect on grammar. It concludes that Pirahã falsifies the single prediction made by Hauser, Chomsky, and Fitch (2002) that recursion is the essential property of human language.
Pirahã Exceptionality: A Reassessment
Authors: Nevins Andrew , Pesetsky David , Rodrigues Cilene
Published: August 2009

Everett (2005) has claimed that the grammar of Pirahã is exceptional in displaying 'inexplicable gaps', that these gaps follow from a cultural principle restricting communication to 'immediate experience', and that this principle has 'severe' consequences for work on universal grammar. We argue against each of these claims. Relying on the available documentation and descriptions of the language, especially the rich material in Everett 1986, 1987b, we argue that many of the exceptional grammatical 'gaps' supposedly characteristic of Pirahã are misanalyzed by Everett (2005) and are neither gaps nor exceptional among the world's languages. We find no evidence, for example, that Pirahã lacks embedded clauses, and in fact find strong syntactic and semantic evidence in favor of their existence in Pirahã Likewise, we find no evidence that Pirahã lacks quantifiers, as claimed by Everett (2005). Furthermore, most of the actual properties of the Pirahã constructions discussed by Everett (for example, the ban on prenominal possessor recursion and the behavior of WH -constructions) are familiar from languages whose speakers lack the cultural restrictions attributed to the Pirahã. Finally, following mostly Gonçalves (1993, 2000, 2001), we also question some of the empirical claims about Pirahã culture advanced by Everett in primary support of the 'immediate experience' restriction. We conclude that there is no evidence from Pirahã for the particular causal relation between culture and grammatical structure suggested by Everett.
The Present of the English Future: Grammatical Variation and Collocations in Discourse
Authors: Torres Cacoullos Rena , Walker James A.
Published: August 2009

We use the variationist method to elucidate the expression of future time in English, examining multiple grammaticalization in the same domain ( will and going to ). Usage patterns show that the choice of form is not determined by invariant semantic readings such as proximity, certainty, willingness, or intention. Rather, particular instances of each general construction occupy lexical, syntactic, and pragmatic niches. While putative differences in meaning are largely neutralized in discourse, grammaticalization paths are reflected in particular constructions of different degrees of lexical specificity, which bear different nuances of meaning or tenacious patterns of distribution inherited from once-meaningful associations. We conclude that collocations contribute to the shape of grammatical variation.
Another Way to Mark Syntactic Dependencies: The Case for Right-Peripheral Specifiers in Sign Languages
Authors: Cecchetto Carlo , Geraci Carlo , Zucchi Sandro
Published: August 2009

The occurrence of WH -items at the right edge of the sentence, while extremely rare in spoken languages, is quite common in sign languages. In particular, in sign languages like LIS (Italian Sign Language) WH -items cannot be positioned at the left edge. We argue that existing accounts of right-peripheral occurrences of WH -items are empirically inadequate and provide no clue as to why sign languages and spoken languages differ in this respect. We suggest that the occurrence of WH -items at the right edge of the sentence in sign languages be taken at face value: in these languages, WH -phrases undergo rightward movement. Based on data from LIS, we argue that this is due to the fact that WH-NONMANUAL MARKING (NMM) marks the dependency between an interrogative complementizer and the position that the WH -phrase occupies before it moves. The hypothesis that NMM can play this role also accounts for the spreading of negative NMM with LIS negative quantifiers. We discuss how our analysis can be extended to ASL (American Sign Language) and IPSL (Indo-Pakistani Sign Language). Our account is spelled out in the principles-and-parameters framework. In the last part of the article, we relate our proposal to recent work on prosody in spoken languages showing that WH -dependencies can be prosodically marked in spoken languages. Overt movement and prosodic marking of the WH -dependency do not normally cooccur in spoken languages, while they are possible in sign languages. We propose that this is due to the fact that sign languages, unlike spoken languages, are multidimensional.
Testing Theories of Linguistic Constituency with Configural Learning: The Case of the English Syllable
Authors: Kapatsinski Vsevolod
Published: August 2009

This article proposes and tests an experimental method to assess the psychological reality of hierarchical theories of constituent structure in particular domains. I show that a hierarchical theory of constituent structure necessarily makes the prediction that an association between constituents should be easier to learn than an association between strings that cross constituent boundaries, whereas dependency-based theories of constituency predict that constituents cannot have associations that their parts do not have. Previous research has shown that the major division within an English syllable is between the onset and the nucleus, rather than between the nucleus and the coda. Thus, the nucleus forms a constituent (the rime) with the coda rather than the onset. The hierarchical theory of constituency thus proposes that English speakers should learn rime-affix associations more easily than body-affix associations and that the rime can have associations that its parts do not have. These predictions are confirmed in the present study. Applications of the experimental method and its variants to linguistic constituency in other domains are discussed.
Scholarly Communication: ARL as a Catalyst for Change
Authors: Case Mary M.
Published: August 2009

With the creation of the Office of Scholarly Communication (OSC) in 1990, the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) launched an initiative to focus widespread attention on the dysfunctions in the scholarly publishing system. Through the collection and dissemination of data documenting the serials crisis, a bias for action that led to the creation of SPARC, the employment of an international network of organizations with similar interest in the issue, and a robust education program, ARL-under the leadership of Duane Webster-catalyzed a global movement that is actively working today to create new models of scholarly publishing.
A Salute to a Leader: ARL's Assessment Protocol Initiatives
Authors: Heath Fred
Published: August 2009

This brief salute to Duane Webster and his defining role over the past several decades at the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) focuses on his formative role in defining and evolving the assessment protocols employed by both the association and the profession.
Duane Webster, Assessment Pioneer
Authors: Franklin Brinley
Published: August 2009

Duane Webster oversaw the Association of Research Libraries' (ARL) Statistics and Measurement Program as it evolved into the Statistics and Assessment Program. During his 20-year tenure as ARL's executive director, Duane was instrumental in the creation of ARL's Web-based Interactive Statistics and played a leadership role in the development of a library assessment tool kit, StatsQUAL, that includes: LibQUAL+™; DigiQUAL®; MINES; ClimateQUAL™, and Effective Sustainable and Practical Library Assessment (ESPA for Libraries). Duane saw assessment as a means of articulating the value that libraries add to a research institution, and a significant part of his career was dedicated to that pursuit.
Canada, Copyright, and the Common Good
Authors: Haslett K. Mark
Published: August 2009

Advocacy on public policy issues such as copyright is a common concern of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) and the Canadian Association of Research Libraries (CARL). Duane Webster has been instrumental in facilitating a collaborative approach to such advocacy. Part of this involves concerted efforts to ensure that fair use (United States of America) and fair dealing (Canada) are not narrowed in a digital era. In Canada, a focus on the common good bolsters this work. Recent decisions of the Supreme Court of Canada ( Théberge 2002 and CCH 2004) have laid the groundwork for the progressive exercise and exploration of fair dealing rights in Canada.
The Global Resources Program
Authors: Jakubs Deborah
Published: August 2009

The AAU/ARL Global Resources Program (GRP) was launched in 1997 with support from The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to improve access to international research resources through cooperative structures and new technologies and to help libraries contain costs. A joint initiative of the Association of American Universities (AAU) and the Association of Research Libraries (ARL), the GRP in the past decade has motivated many individuals and institutions to collaborate in the development of new models of access to print and digital materials from around the world. In 2003, the GRP (now the Global Resources Network) moved to the Center for Research Libraries (CRL).
The Imperative for Diversity: ARL's Progress and Role
Authors: Dewey Barbara I.
Published: August 2009

The Association of Research Libraries' diversity initiatives, under the leadership of Duane Webster and member libraries, have had a visible and long-lasting influence on the makeup of academic librarianship. ARL's accomplishments and progress in advancing diversity comprise important milestones for librarianship and did not come without discussion and, at times, lively debate. Ultimately, the conversations about diversity in higher education and research libraries continue to encompass a broad range of diversity-related initiatives infused into the culture of libraries, research, teaching, and learning.
The Political Climate for Higher Education During Duane Webster's ARL Tenure
Authors: Shulenburger David
Published: August 2009

During the period in which Duane Webster led the Association for Research Libraries (ARL), powerful commercial interests sought for their own financial purposes the information resources essential for providing education and performing research. Juxtaposed was the Internet with its inherent capacity to democratizing these resources. Commercial forces often succeeded in altering copyright laws, employing contract and licenses, and even using national security tactics to accomplish their ends. The academy, led by the ARL, opposed such efforts, blunting many of them. The struggle is not over. The higher education community must continue the struggle if it is to keep information resources freely available.
ARL and Association 3.0: Ten Management Challenges
Authors: Funk Carla J.
Published: August 2009

Association management in today's "association 3.0" environment presents some new challenges and new perspectives on old ones. This paper summarizes 10 such challenges including collaboration, diversity, innovation, transparency, financial stability, member benefits, knowledge-based decision-making, a demand-driven association model, pro-activity versus reactivity, and stewardship, and describes the Association of Research Libraries' (ARL) actions to address some of these challenges in its evolution to operate successfully in a 3.0 world..
AAU and ARL: The Role of Partnerships and Collective Advocacy in Policy Development
Authors: Vaughn John C.
Published: August 2009

This paper briefly describes the structure of the national higher education association community, discusses the role of coalitions in collective advocacy, and reviews collaborations between the Association of American Universities (AAU) and the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) carried out during the tenure of ARL Executive Director Duane Webster. The AAU/ARL collaborations benefitted both associations and their members and were part of a larger set of partnerships and collaborations developed by Duane that expanded the reach and impact of ARL in both national and institutional policy development and implementation.
Duane Webster's Contribution to Organization Development in Academic and Research Libraries
Authors: Sullivan Maureen
Published: August 2009

Duane Webster is a visionary leader who, throughout his career, has had a significant impact on the improvement of libraries and librarianship. His work to establish the Association of Research Library's (ARL) Office of Management Studies (OMS) and its several organizational improvement programs laid the foundation for organization development in libraries. These programs included a series of management and leadership institutes that have proven to be important and substantive for the development of many managerial leaders in librarianship.
The Coalition for Networked Information and the Rewards of Risk Taking
Authors: West Richard P.
Published: August 2009

The Coalition for Networked Information (CNI) enabled the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) to develop increased visibility among leaders shaping the development of the Internet. It also provided a mechanism for ARL member institutions and others to engage in partnership strategies to develop projects that would bring digital content and scholarship into the Internet environment. Duane Webster has unerringly provided a leadership role in CNI and has steadfastly given guidance on strategies to the CNI leadership. The community owes a debt of gratitude to Duane for his role in establishing CNI and fostering its continued success.
Duane Webster's Contributions to Leadership Development In Research Libraries, 1970-2008
Authors: Branin Joseph J.
Published: August 2009

For over 30 years, Duane Webster worked tirelessly and effectively in developing leaders in the research library community. Through his own efforts and example and through a group of colleagues he trained and mentored, the Association of Research Libraries was able to create a series of programs in leadership development that has had an impact on research librarianship across the county and throughout the world. Webster's foresight more than three decades ago concerning the change and complexity facing the modern research library and the new leadership that would be needed to manage this challenging environment has been critically important and beneficial to the library profession.
The Three P's: A Tribute to Duane Webster
Authors: Band Jonathan
Published: August 2009

Duane Webster's leadership in the area of copyright policy demonstrates three characteristics: perseverance, pragmatism, and partnership. These characteristics are visible in the foundation and operation of the Library Copyright Alliance (LCA). LCA's successful campaign to defeat a legislative initiative in the 110th Congress to increase copyright statutory damages reflects these three characteristics.
It Didn't Have To Be This Way: Entrepreneurship at ARL During Duane Webster's Tenure
Authors: Guthrie Kevin M.
Published: August 2009

The Association of Research Libraries (ARL) has a long history of leadership as an important membership organization serving the research library community. A reading of its history highlights a substantial shift in its methods of community leadership in recent decades. Historically, like most membership organizations, ARL was largely focused on information gathering and dissemination, serving its constituency in a kind of "staff" role: assembling statistics, analyzing them, routing findings around the community and to important external entities, and engaging in lobbying and library advocacy in Washington. From its founding in the 1930s through the 1980s, ARL carried out this agenda quite successfully and with positive impact. Under the leadership of Duane Webster since 1988, ARL has continued this baseline of community support and advocacy but has added a substantially more active entrepreneurial layer to the organization. For the most part, we now take this entrepreneurial activity of ARL for granted, without reflecting on how it came to be or giving due credit to the leader whose vision and efforts made it possible. This brief article is intended to shed light on that part of Webster's legacy.
Monozygotic Triplets: Concordance and Discordance for Cleft Lip and Palate / Twin Research Reviews: Depression in Mothers of Multiples; Depression in Mothers and Fathers of ART Conceived Multiples; Epigenetic Differences in Monozygotic Twins; Congenital Anomalies in Surviving Twins / Headlines × Two: Twin Chefs; The World's Largest Twin Registry; Twin Table Tennis Champions
Authors: Segal Nancy L.
Published: August 2009

A review of twin research on cleft lip and palate is presented. This information is accompanied by a look at the lives of young monozygotic (MZ) male triplets concordant for cleft lip, but discordant for the type and placement of the cleft and for the presence of cleft palate. Research on depression in mothers and fathers of twins conceived naturally and by artificial reproductive techniques follows. Current findings and implications of epigenetic differences in MZ twins are also summarized. Interesting life history events surrounding MZ twin chefs and table tennis players, as well as plans to construct the world's largest twin registry, are presented in the final section.
Highlight: The gatekeepers of life yield their secrets
Authors: Tampé Robert
Published: August 2009

No abstract available
Molecular evidence for recolonization of Ceramium japonicum (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) on the west coast of Korea after the last glacial maximum
Authors: Yang Eun Chan , Lee Sung Yeon , Lee Wook Jae , Boo Sung Min
Published: August 2009

The Yellow Sea, located between the Korean Peninsula and mainland China, was completely exposed during the last glacial maximum of the Pleistocene when the sea level was 120–130 m below the present level. We studied patterns of genetic variation in a marine red alga to examine whether the recent recolonization of algal populations occurred on the west coast of Korea after the end of the last glacial maximum. In total, 53 specimens of the red alga Ceramium japonicum were collected in Korea and Japan. We examined the geographic distribution of haplotypes and patterns of migration using mitochondrial cox1 and plastid rbcL. From the specimens collected, 22 cox1 haplotypes and eight rbcL haplotypes were identified. The network and neutrality tests for cox1 support three clusters (which are geographically grouped into east, south, and west coast populations) and provide evidence for population expansion on the west coast. The levels of gene flow were high in the south coast→west coast direction. Analysis of molecular variation in two protein-coding genes revealed significant genetic structure among the three coasts. The results support the concept that C. japonicum populations recolonized the west coast from the south coast following sea level rise in the northern hemisphere after the last glacial maximum during the late Pleistocene.
Effect of milk minerals on calf gains and sex differences in mineral composition of milk from Iberian red deer (Cervus elaphus hispanicus)
Authors: Gallego L , Gómez J A , Landete-Castillejos T , Garcia A J , Estevez J A , Ceacero F , Piñeiro V , Casabiell X , de la Cruz L F
Published: August 2009

Milk mineral content has received little attention in studies focusing on milk nutrient effects on offspring growth. This study examines calf growth in Iberian deer and compares the influence of milk minerals, other nutrients, and lactation variables relevant for growth to discern the relative weight of each factor. In addition, because Iberian deer hinds are the first mammal found to produce different milk for sons and daughters, the present study examines whether there are also sex differences in milk mineral composition. Concentrations and yields of Ca, P, Mg, Na, K, Fe, and Zn in milk of 46 red deer hinds were monitored through 18 weeks of lactation. Calf growth was influenced by Ca and P percent, and total Fe production. Milk for males had a lower content in Ca and P, a greater content of K, and Mg, whereas no sex effects were found in Na, Fe, or Zn percentages. Higher percentages in Ca and P for daughters might constitute a compensatory response, as daily production was not biased towards females in Ca or P, whereas in the latter and all the other minerals daily production was greater for heavier calves, which are usually males. In conclusion, milk mineral content and production influence calf growth even after controlling for other important lactation variables and nutrients, and they show effects and interactions more complicated than expected.
Problems and seeking for solutions in family medicine
Authors: Rurik Imre
Published: August 2009

A szerző áttekinti a hazai körzeti orvosi rendszer háziorvosi rendszerré való átalakulásának történetét, érintve a főbb szakmai, képzési, jogi és pénzügyi vonatkozásokat. A jelenlegi problémák fő okait a humán erőforrás és utánpótlásának elégtelenségében, az alulfinanszírozottságban, az adminisztrációs túlterhelésben, a minőségi munkában való érdekeltség hiányában és a jogszabályi környezetben látja. Összehasonlítja az aktuális nemzetközi tapasztalatokkal, elemzi ezek eredményeit. A változásban lévő környezet más egészségügyi struktúrát, nemcsak orvos által végezhető ellátást, prevenciós szemléletet és a lakosság részéről is más hozzáállást igényel. A továbblépés egyik irányát a más munkatársak bevonásával kialakítható, közeljövőben bevezethető praxistársuláson alapuló modellkísérletben látja. Ezek a tapasztalatok beépíthetők lennének egy későbbi, a munka minőségét is elismerő finanszírozási reformba, amelynek elemeire javaslatot is tesz.
Surgical treatment of ocular surface diseases
Authors: Módis László , Tóth Enikő , Berta András
Published: August 2009

A szemfelszíni betegségeket előidéző kórfolyamatokat befolyásolni gyakran nehéz és kilátástalan, nemritkán minden konzervatív kezelési kísérlet eredménytelen. A mikrosebészeti technikák fejlődése, a molekuláris biológiai módszerek klinikai alkalmazása és a limbális őssejtek lokalizációjának és funkciójának megismerése által ma már az életminőség és a látás javulása is sokszor elérhető ezekben az esetekben. Az irodalmi összefoglaló közlemény áttekinti a szemfelszíni megbetegedések kezeléséhez szükséges szöveti mintavétel, szövettenyésztés és a transzplantációk módszertanát, metodikáját, indikációit. Részletesen ismerteti a napjainkban leginkább ajánlott modern műtéti technikákat, különös tekintettel az amnionmembrán- és az őssejt-transzplantációra.
Tissue microarray (TMA) validated progression markers in colorectal cancer using antibody microarrays
Authors: Spisák Sándor , Galamb Barnabás , Wichmann Barnabás , Sipos Ferenc , Galamb Orsolya , Solymosi Norbert , Nemes Balázs , Tulassay Zsolt , Molnár Béla
Published: August 2009

Háttér:
A vastagbéldaganatok kialakulásának és progressziójának molekuláris folyamata, valamint az ennek hátterében álló fehérjeszintű változások nem ismertek. A microarray-rendszerek alkalmazása több száz vagy ezer fehérjekomponens párhuzamos vizsgálatával újabb információkat adhat ezeknek a kérdéseknek a megválaszolásához.
Célkitűzés:
A daganatkialakulás és -progresszió fehérjeszintű markereinek azonosítása ellenanyagcsipekkel, valamint validálása szöveti microarray-rendszerrel. Célunk továbbá olyan fehérjeszintű markerkombinációk azonosítása, amelyek lehetővé teszik a korai és kései vastagbéldaganatok molekuláris módszerekkel történő elkülönítését és diagnosztizálását.
Anyag és módszer:
Tíz Dukes B, valamint 6 Dukes D stádiumú beteg sebészi úton eltávolított, friss fagyasztott daganatos és ép mintáit vizsgáltuk meg. A homogenizált mintákból nyert nyers fehérjepreparátumokat Clontech AB500 array-re hibridizáltuk. Tizenkét kiválasztott gén validálása szöveti microarray (TMA) -technológiával történt.
Eredmények:
A makroszkóposan ép és daganatos területek között 67 szignifikáns, fehérjeszinten eltérő expressziót mutató gént azonosítottunk (p < 0,05), amelyek az apoptózis (5), sejtciklus-szabályozás (7), transzkripciószabályozás (4) és DNS-replikáció (6), illetve más olyan, mint transzport, sejtadhézió (45) sejtfunkcióiban vesznek részt. Immunohisztokémiai alapú TMA-val igazoltuk 12 marker: a CYCA1, HSP60, TOP1, APC, CBP, ERK, EGFR, C-myc, Cald, DARPP32, MRE11A, AR, EPS8 génekben kapott eltéréseket morfológiai szinten is.
Megbeszélés:
Eredményeink szerint a tumoros kialakulás fehérjecsippel meghatározott, morfológiai szinten ellenőrzött markerei a sejtfunkció széles spektrumát érintik. A daganat progressziós markerei az apoptózis, sejtciklus szabályozása és a jelátviteli utak sejtfunkcióit érintik. Sikerült egy olyan 6 fehérjéből álló markerkombinációt meghatároznunk, amely lehetővé teszi a korai és késői daganatok elkülönítését.
Associations of autoimmune disorders in endocrine diseases
Authors: Balázs Csaba , Fehér János
Published: August 2009

Napjainkban egyre több adat van a neuroendokrin és az immunrendszer közötti kapcsolatra. A molekuláris genetikai kutatások eredményei bizonyították, hogy a neurotranszmitterek, a hormonok és a citokinek az alapjai ennek a közös nyelvnek. Bebizonyosodott, hogy az immunrendszer képes neurotranszmitterek, hormonok, az endokrin rendszer pedig citokinek termelésére. Ez az integratív (holisztikus) szemlélet teszi lehetővé a pszicho-neuro-endokrin-immun rendszer élettani és kóros működésének megismerését. Az autoimmun kórképek társulásai és az autoimmun poliendokrin szindrómák heterogén betegségcsoportot képeznek, amelyeknek lényege a saját antigénnel szemben csökkent vagy megszűnt tolerancia. A molekuláris genetikai kutatások a szervspecifikusnak nevezett kórképek társulásainak mechanizmusát tárták fel. Az 1-es típusú autoimmun poliendokrin szindróma jellemzője, hogy legalább kettő jelen van a három kardinális betegségből: Addison-kór, autoimmun hypoparathyreosis és mucocutan candidiasis. Ennek a ritka, autoszomális szindrómának az oka az autoimmun regulátor gén (AIRE) mutációja. A 2-es típusú autoimmun poliendokrin szindrómában az Addison-kór, az autoimmun pajzsmirigybetegségek egyike és/vagy 1-es típusú diabetes mellitus társul egymással. A 3-as típusú poliendokrin szindrómát az autoimmun pajzsmirigybetegség, az 1-es típusú diabetes mellitus jellemzi. Az 1-es típusú poliendokrin szindrómától eltérően a 2-es és a 3-as típusúakat egyes HLA-antigének társulásai jellemzik. Az egyes betegségekre hajlamosító genetikai faktorok megismerése lehetővé teszi, hogy jobban megértsük a közös autoimmun mechanizmust, és lehetőséget nyújt a korai kezeléshez és megelőzéshez egyaránt.
Satisfação dos usuários dos centros de atenção psicossocial da região Sul do Brasil
Authors: Kantorski Luciane Prado , Jardim Vanda da Rosa , Wetzel Christine , Olschowsky Agnes , Schneider Jacó Fernando , Heck Rita Maria , Bielemann Valquíria de Lourdes , Schwartz Eda , Coimbra Valéria Cristina Christello , Quevedo André Luis Alves de , Saraiva Suélen dos Santos
Published: August 2009

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a satisfação dos usuários com o atendimento nos centros de atenção psicossocial. MÉTODOS: O estudo foi realizado em centros de atenção psicossocial dos estados: Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, em 2006. A estratégia de investigação foi dividida em métodos quantitativo e qualitativo. Para avaliação quantitativa foram utilizados dados epidemiológicos do tipo transversal de amostra 1.162 usuários de 30 centros de atenção psicossocial. O instrumento utilizado para avaliar a satisfação dos usuários foi a Escala Brasileira de Avaliação da Satisfação (SATIS-BR), de 1 a 5 pontos. Para avaliação qualitativa foram realizados cinco estudos de caso, utilizando-se metodologia de avaliação de quarta geração. Os dados foram obtidos em observação de campo e entrevistas (entre dez e 13 usuários em cada campo, totalizando 57 usuários) e apresentados aos usuários em oficinas de validação e negociação. RESULTADOS: A escala SATIS-BR indicou avaliação positiva de todos os itens, com média de 4,4 (desvio-padrão, DP=0,4). A comunicação e o relacionamento com a equipe apresentaram média 4,5 (DP=0,5); o acesso a informações a partir da equipe apresentou média 4,8. A satisfação com o serviço apresentou a menor média, com 4,1; as condições gerais de instalação do serviço apresentaram média 3,9. No estudo qualitativo, o tratamento no serviço foi bom e o resultado satisfatório. O reposicionamento do usuário contribuiu para satisfação, assim como o acesso ao atendimento, a ruptura com o isolamento físico e social, o acolhimento de suas demandas e ajuda para organizar a vida. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados complementares de ambas as estratégias do estudo mostram satisfação dos usuários com o atendimento nos centros estudados.
Desigualdades socioeconômicas e saúde mental infantil
Authors: Assis Simone G , Avanci Joviana Quintes , Oliveira Raquel de Vasconcellos Carvalhaes de
Published: August 2009

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação de determinantes sociodemográficos com o desenvolvimento de problemas de comportamento e de competência social em crianças. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal realizado com 479 escolares entre seis e 13 anos de idade, da primeira série do ensino fundamental de escolas públicas em São Gonçalo (RJ), em 2005. Foram investigadas variáveis socioeconômicas, estrutura familiar, escolaridade dos pais, cor da pele da criança, problemas de comportamento e competência social. Foram calculadas razões de prevalência com respectivo intervalo com 95% de confiança. Os dados apresentados foram expandidos para a população de alunos da rede de ensino investigada. RESULTADOS: Crianças abaixo da linha de pobreza, de cor da pele negra, com pais com baixa escolaridade, e vivendo em famílias monoparentais ou compostas por madrasta/padrasto apresentaram mais precária competência social e mais problemas de comportamento. À medida que se elevavam os fatores de risco, crescia a prevalência das crianças com baixa competência social e problemas de comportamento. CONCLUSÕES: A associação entre os determinantes sociodemográficos com a maior prevalência de problemas de comportamento e com mais precária competência social em crianças requer que ações preventivas e de assistência sejam tomadas como prioridade para as políticas públicas, minorando a existência de dificuldades sociais e emocionais infantis graves, que podem se manter até a vida adulta.
Considerações sobre a freqüência de sorotipos de Salmonella na cidade do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Hofer Ernesto
Published: August 2009

Durante o período de 1962 a 1971, foram identificadas 164 amostras de salmonelas, isoladas a partir de fezes de crianças e de adultos, possuidores ou não, de problemas entéricos e residentes na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Os resultados obtidos na caracterização sorológica dessas culturas, evidenciaram uma nítida predominância de Salmonella enteritidis, pertencentes ao grupo sorológico B. Dentre os sorotipos de Salmonella enteritidis, que se destacaram pela maior frequência de isolamentos, citam-se os seguintes: Typhimurium Newport, Anatum e Thompson.
Sobre as espécies do gênero Echinostoma Rudolphi, 1809 descritas por Adolpho Lutz em 1924
Authors: Kohn Anna , Fernandes Berenice M. M.
Published: August 2009

Os autores redescrevem as espécies E. erraticum, E. exile, E. microrchis, E. neglectum, E. nephrocystis e E. parcespinosum, criadas por Lutz em 1924, apresentando figuras e quadros de medidas.
Catálogo sistemático dos pólens das plantas arbóreas do Brasil Meridional: XX - Chloranthaceae e Piperaceae
Authors: Barth Ortrud Monika , Barbosa Alda Ferreira
Published: August 2009

Foi estudada a morfologia polínica da única espécie conhecida de CHLORANTHACEAE do Sul do Brasil e de quatro espécies de PIPERACEAE. As famílias são distintas palinologicamente, entretanto, as espécies desta última família são muito semelhantes quanto aos seus grãos de pólen, pertencendo todos ao mesmo tipo polínico.
Alguns acantocéfalos de peixes do Oceano Atlântico, Costa Continental Portuguesa e Costa do Norte da África
Authors: Rodrigues H. de Oliveira , Noronha Dely , Varela M. Carvalho
Published: August 2009

Foram estudadas quatro espécies de acantocéfalos encontrados na autópsia de 81 peixes capturados no Oceano Atlântico, na Costa Continental Portuguesa e na Costa Norte da África. Encontramos 16 peixes parasitados por acantocéfalos. As espécies de peixes necropsiados e os helmintos encontrados foram os seguintes: 11 meros (Epinephellus gigas) sendo 1 parasitado por fêmeas da família Rhadinorhynchidade; 5 sardas (Scomber scombrus) sendo duas parasitadas por Rhadinorhynchus tenuicornis; 62 pescadas (Merluccius merluccius merluccius) sendo 12 parasitadas por Aspersentis johni e 3 linguados (Solea solea) sendo 1 parasitado por Acanthocephaloides incrassatus. Aspersintis johni é pela primeira vez mencionado no Hemisfério Norte e Acanthocephaloides incrassatus é pela primeira vez referido no Oceano Atlântico.