bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
B-312 Overcoming Challenges in Reporting High ß-hCG Results In Cancer Patients: A Tertiary Cancer Institute Experience
Authors: Chavan P , Pagdhune A , Mohite R , Pillai B G , Gavhane U A , Pal S K , Poladia P , Bhat V
Published: October 2024

Background

Serum ß-hCG is levels are a useful marker for diagnosis of Gestational Trophoblastic Disease as well as germ cell tumours of the ovary and testicle. However, values ranging from 50,000 - 1,00,000 mIU/ml are commonly seen in malignancies which are beyond the linearity of the most methods used in routine practice. This poses a great challenge to laboratory professionals while reporting for this test as serial monitoring of ß-hCG values is essential for ascertaining the effectiveness of treatment and progression of disease in oncology patients. The aim of this study was to develop a protocol for reporting beyond linearity values of serum ß-hCG in our laboratory with comparison of the same on two analysers with different linearity.

Methods

One hundred and fifty serum samples for ß-hCG received from patients with trophoblastic as well as germ cell tumours over a period of three months from October 2023 to December 2023 were processed by Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) method on Atellica IM (Siemens Healthineers) and Alinity-i (Abbott Healthcare) immunoassay analysers simultaneously. The linearity for Atellica IM is 0 -1000mIU/ml and same for Alinity-i is 0- 15,000 mIU/ml as reported by the manufacturer. The protocol followed for samples processed on Atellica IM was as follows with 50 samples in each group. For values of ß-hCG less than 500 mIU/ml, we repeat tested samples with 1:10 dilution in case any instrument flags were observed in the report. For values between 500-1000 mIU/ml, samples were repeat tested with 1:50 dilution. For values reported as >1000 mIU/ml, samples were repeat tested with 1:5000 dilutions. For Alinity-i, samples with values higher than 15,000 mIU/ml were processed with a dilution of 1:10. For all results with instrument flags, the dilution protocol was followed. Diluent provided by the manufacturer was used for all sample dilution processes. The values obtained on both analysers were compared statistically for correlation using linear regression analysis and coefficient of correlation (R) was calculated.

Results

The serum ß-hCG values observed ranged from 102 mIU/ml to 187,000 mIU/ml. Linear regression analysis for all groups showed good correlation. For serum ß-hCG values < 500 mIU/ml; between 500-1000 mIU/ml and >1000 mIU/ml coefficient of correlation was observed as R=0.9987, 0.9936 and 0.9713 respectively.

Conclusions

Good correlation was observed between values of serum ß-hCG obtained by dilution protocol on Atellica IM and Alinity-i analysers. The protocol developed by our laboratory to report beyond linearity sample results on Atellica IM can be a very useful tool in oncology patients where high values of beta HCG are expected and serial monitoring of values is essential.
B-338 Real-world data shows the effectiveness of a tetravalent vaccine against Human Papilloma Virus types 16 and 18 in Chilean women
Authors: Osorio Castro M J , Miranda J P , Bolivar A , Gómez L , Silva M , Silva C , Guzman P , Henríquez M
Published: October 2024

Background

Cervical uterine cancer (CUCa) is the fourth most common female neoplasm globally. At least 99% of CUCa cases are caused by persistent infection of high-risk Human Papillomavirus (HR-HPV) types. In 2014, Chile began a mandatory immunization plan for 9-year-old girls with the GARDASIL™ vaccine, which confers immunity against types 16 and 18 that cause about 70% of CUCa. This work aims to estimate this vaccine's effectiveness in women after nine years of inoculation.

Methods

We evaluated the results for HPV detection from 21.676 women between 15 and 77 years old between 2019 and 2023 at Bupa Lab. HPV detection and genotyping was performed with the ROCHE Cobas® HPV Test. Effectiveness was measured as the ratio between the number of cases of HPV types 16+18 versus other HR-HPV.

Results

During the analyzed period, the number of tests performed increased significantly, and the positivity rate decreased from 44% in 2019 to 26,9% in 2023. Global positivity was 32% for some HR-HPV types, reaching a peak of 49,5% in the 20 to 24,9 years group. The average 16+18/other HR ratio was 0,39, which decreased significantly to 0,24 in the vaccinated group of women between 15 and 19,9 years, suggesting an effectiveness of 37,5% against HPV types 16 and 18 concerning the total HR types (Table 1).

Conclusions

In recent years, HPV detection has proven useful in preventive monitoring and early detection of CUCa. This increased awareness has triggered a significant rise in HPV testing and could be driving test positivity downwards.

Although a more appropriate study design is required to estimate the actual effectiveness of the vaccine in Chile, our analyses showed a significant decrease in HPV types 16 and 18 in women after nine years of vaccination, which represents a crucial advance toward the eradication of CUCa.
Differential patterns of antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid epitopes detected in sera from patients in the acute phase of COVID-19, convalescents, and pre-pandemic individuals
Authors: Razim Agnieszka , Pacyga-Prus Katarzyna , Kazana-Płuszka Wioletta , Zabłocka Agnieszka , Macała Józefa , Ciepłucha Hubert , Gamian Andrzej , Górska Sabina
Published: October 2024

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has already infected more than 0.7 billion people and caused over 7 million deaths worldwide. At the same time, our knowledge about this virus is still incipient. In some cases, there is pre-pandemic immunity; however, its source is unknown. The analysis of patients’ humoral responses might shed light on this puzzle. In this paper, we evaluated the antibody recognition of nucleocapsid protein, one of the structural proteins of SARS-CoV-2. For this purpose, we used pre-pandemic acute COVID-19 and convalescent patients’ sera to identify and map nucleocapsid protein epitopes. We identified a common epitope KKSAAEASKKPRQKRTATKA recognized by sera antibodies from all three groups. Some motifs of this sequence are widespread among various coronaviruses, plants or human proteins indicating that there might be more sources of nucleocapsid-reactive antibodies than previous infections with seasonal coronavirus. The two sequences MSDNGPQNQRNAPRITFGGP and KADETQALPQRQKKQQTVTL were detected as specific for sera from patients in the acute phase of infection and convalescents making them suitable for future development of vaccines against SARS-CoV-2. Knowledge of the humoral response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential for the design of appropriate diagnostic tools and vaccine antigens.
Reducing tree volume overestimation in quantitative structure models using modeled branch topology and direct twig measurements
Authors: Morales Aidan , MacFarlane David W
Published: October 2024

Quantitative Structure Models (QSMs) are fit to tree point clouds to represent the topology of trees as a network of cylinders. QSMs allow for the calculation of metrics difficult to measure without destructive sampling, including total tree volume. Current limitations in terrestrial laser scanning technology make small branches difficult to accurately resolve, causing overestimation of small branch volume in QSMs, which can translate into overestimating tree biomass. We present a new method called Real Twig to correct overestimated small branch and twig cylinders in QSMs. Real Twig differs from current methods by using twig diameters measured directly from corresponding tree species to model a unique taper for every path in the QSM, using the QSM’s inherent branching topology, but without relying on predefined mathematical or allometric relationships. To test Real Twig, we generated QSMs for different sets of trees that had detailed dry mass and density measurements obtained via felling after scanning. QSM-based biomass estimates were obtained by multiplying the tree’s QSM-based volume estimate by the tree’s specific basic density value. We trained our method with high-quality data consisting of five northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) and five red maple (Acer rubrum L.) trees, using two different versions of TreeQSM, a widely used algorithm for generating QSMs. We further tested our method on three publicly available datasets, including managed forests and large tropical trees, collected with both phase-shift or time-of-flight sensors. QSMs corrected with our Real Twig method showed a very large improvement in tree biomass estimation, with a relative mean error of −1.2%, a relative root mean square error of 10.5%, and a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.999, compared to a relative mean error 76.8%, a relative root mean square error of 48.7%, and a concordance correlation coefficient of 0.982, when using the standard outputs of TreeQSM.
HIV-1 inhibits IFITM3 expression to promote the infection of megakaryocytes
Authors: Bentaleb Cyrine , Adrouche Souad , Finkelstein Jade , Devisme Christelle , Callens Nathalie , Capron Claude , Bomsel Morgane , Real Fernando
Published: October 2024

Despite an undetectable plasma viral load as a result of antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1-infected individuals with poor immune reconstitution harbor infectious HIV-1 within their platelets. Megakaryocytes, as platelet precursors, are the likely cellular origin of these HIV-1-containing platelets. To investigate the mechanisms that allow megakaryocytes to support HIV-1 infection, we established in vitro models of viral infection using hematopoietic stem cell-derived megakaryocytes and the megakaryocytic MEG-01 cell line. We observed HIV-1 DNA provirus integration into the megakaryocyte cell genome, self-limiting virus production, and HIV-1 protein and RNA compartmentalization, which are hallmarks of HIV-1 infection in myeloid cells. In addition, following HIV-1 infection of megakaryocyte precursors, the expression of interferon-induced transmembrane protein 3 (IFITM3), an antiviral factor constitutively expressed in megakaryocytes, was inhibited in terminally differentiated HIV-1-infected megakaryocytes. IFITM3 knockdown in MEG-01 cells prior to infection led to enhanced HIV-1 infection, indicating that IFITM3 acts as an HIV-1 restriction factor in megakaryocytes. Together, these findings indicate that megakaryocyte precursors are susceptible to HIV-1 infection, leading to terminally differentiated megakaryocytes harboring virus in a process regulated by IFITM3. Megakaryocytes may thus constitute a neglected HIV-1 reservoir that warrants further study in order to develop improved antiretroviral therapies and to facilitate HIV-1 eradication.
Recurrent syncope during mastication
Authors: De Toledo Otavio F , Gutierrez-Aguirre Salvador F , Alessi Mateus R , Benalia Victor H C , Aguiar Vinicius Q , Aghaebrahim Amin , Hanel Ricardo A , Sauvageau Eric
Published: October 2024

Steal syndrome is characterized by the disruption of blood flow from specific vascular territories due to perfusion via collateral vessels bypassing an obstructed artery segment. In the neurovascular setting, this can lead to entities such as subclavian steal syndrome or the less prevalent double steal phenomenon, primarily associated with atherosclerosis. We present a case of an early 80s patient with cerebrovascular insufficiency who exhibited neurological deficits during mastication. The angiographic evaluation showed occlusion at the origins of the left common carotid and of the brachiocephalic trunk. This configuration caused the left vertebral artery to be the only vessel filling anterograde. The flow in the right vertebral artery is retrograde, filling the subclavian and the right common carotid artery. Endovascular revascularization of the brachiocephalic trunk was successfully performed using a Gore Viabahn VBX Balloon Expandable Stent (W.L. Gore & Associates, Flagstaff, AZ, USA), leading to symptom resolution.
A delayed presentation of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia in a young male: a unusual case report and comprehensive review of literature
Authors: K C Suraj , Lamichhane Samiksha , Khanal Bhawani , Kumar Abhijeet , Gupta Rakesh Kumar
Published: October 2024

Acquired diaphragmatic hernia is typically caused by blunt trauma to the abdomen. It can be challenging to diagnose in acute cases due to a wide range of symptoms. Delayed presentation of traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is uncommon and can lead to respiratory issues or bowel complications like incarceration, perforation, or strangulation. Computed tomography is the preferred diagnostic tool. For acute case, laparotomy is indicated traditionally; however, the choice of surgery is dependent upon the surgeon’s expertise and availability of resources.
Using dust to constrain dark matter models
Authors: Ussing Adam J , Mostoghiu Paun Robert Adriel , Croton Darren , Boehm Celine , Duffy Alan , Power Chris
Published: October 2024

In this paper, we use hydrodynamic zoom-in simulations of Milky Way-type haloes to explore using dust as an observational tracer to discriminate between cold and warm dark matter (WDM) universes. Comparing a cold and 3.5 keV WDM particle model, we tune the efficiency of galaxy formation in our simulations using a variable supernova rate to create Milky Way systems with similar satellite galaxy populations while keeping all other simulation parameters the same. Cold dark matter (CDM), having more substructure, requires a higher supernova efficiency than WDM to achieve the same satellite galaxy number. These different supernova efficiencies create different dust distributions around their host galaxies, which we generate by post-processing the simulation output with the powderday codebase. Analysing the resulting dust in each simulation, we find $\sim$4.5 times more dust in our CDM Milky Way haloes compared with WDM. The distribution of dust out to R$_{200\text{c}}$ is then explored, revealing that the WDM simulations are noticeably less concentrated than their CDM counterparts, although differences in substructure complicate the comparison. Our results indicate that dust is a possible unique probe to test theories of dark matter.
HECO-01 CONSTRAINTS AND CHALLENGES OF TREATMENT ABANDONMENT IN PEDIATRIC CANCER PATIENTS DIAGNOSED WITH BRAIN TUMORS, LOW MIDDLE INCOME SETTING
Authors: Bayoumi Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Treatment abandonment is a critical issue in pediatric oncology that significantly impacts patient outcomes and survival rates. This study investigates the prevalence and factors contributing to treatment abandonment among pediatric solid cancer patients. A comprehensive literature review was conducted to explore the cultural, socioeconomic, and healthcare system-related factors influencing treatment abandonment in this population. Data was collected from 148 pediatric pediatric cancer patients diagnosed with Brain tumors in National Cancer institute, Cairo University over a 2 year period. The study also examines the implications of treatment abandonment on disease progression, patient prognosis, and overall healthcare burden.

RESULTS

The study found that 14 % of pediatric Brain tumors ‘patients at our institute experienced treatment abandonment during their course of care. Factors contributing to treatment abandonment included financial constraints (34 %), lack of awareness about the importance of treatment adherence (26 %), distance to healthcare facilities (20%), and cultural beliefs (20). The impact of treatment abandonment on disease progression and patient outcomes was substantial, with [58 % p value <0.01}. By understanding the complex factors contributing to treatment abandonment in Egyptian pediatric cancer patients, healthcare providers and policymakers can implement targeted interventions to improve treatment adherence, enhance patient outcomes, and reduce the burden of pediatric cancer in Egypt.
LGGL-02 NURSING CONSIDERATIONS FOR PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH PONTINE GLIOMAS: A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS BETWEEN THE NAIROBI HOSPITAL AND KENYA
Authors: Chumo Felix
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

Pontine gliomas, aggressive brain tumors predominantly affecting pediatric patients, pose limited treatment options and a grim prognosis, emphasizing the crucial role of nursing care for comprehensive patient and family support. This abstract explores nursing considerations for pediatric pontine glioma patients at The Nairobi Hospital, contrasting them with broader healthcare practices in Kenya.

METHODS

A thorough literature review focused on nursing practices for pediatric pontine glioma patients, utilizing peer-reviewed journals, healthcare guidelines, expert opinions, and textbooks. Key areas included vital observations, parental support strategies, patient and family empowerment initiatives, palliative care approaches, and nursing intervention impact on outcomes and family satisfaction.

RESULTS

The analysis highlighted nursing considerations at The Nairobi Hospital, where a patient-centered approach and proactive vital observations were evident. Nurses monitored health status pre-radiotherapy, adjusting care plans promptly. End-of-life care showcased comprehensive palliative support and bereavement guidance, contrasting varied national practices, underscoring the need for standardized protocols and enhanced training nationwide

CONCLUSION

Nursing care’s pivotal role in optimizing outcomes and quality of life for pediatric pontine glioma patients and families was emphasized. The study’s implications extend to healthcare policy, education, and practice, stressing collaborative efforts to improve standards and patient outcomes.
LGGL-03 TREATMENT OUTCOMES ON OPTIC GLIOMA: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Obat Michelle , Muma Sarah
Published: October 2024

11 year old male presented in December 2021 with complaints of headache and visual impairment. On examination [he had] multiple freckles in the right axilla and cafe au lait lesions all over his body with largest being 3cm in the inguinal region. Pretreatment MRI showed minimally enhancing mass seen in the optic chiasm extending anteriorly into the distal optic nerves bilaterally and the optic tract posteriorly with extensive vasogenic edema along the optic pathway into the lateral thalamus and extending into the bilateral lentiform nuclei. H-MR spectroscopy of the mass demonstrated a choline peak. Findings in keeping with optic pathway glioma. The baseline fundoscopy showed a normal anterior segment, slightly pale disc on the posterior segment. The patient was commenced on weekly Vinblastine via chemo port. At 24 weeks of treatment patient was assessed MRI and fundoscopy. MRI showed a mild interval decrease in size of lobulated mass lesion involving the optic chiasma, bilateral optic nerves up to intraorbital segments and optic tracts. The lesion also involves the infundibular stalk and tuber cinereum. No interval change in hyperintense T2/FLAIR signal with no enhancement seen at the lateral geniculate bodies, hippocampi, bilateral lentiform nuclei and lateral thalami. He completed 72 weeks of Vinblastine with good clinical Response. NF 1 can cause tumors to form and optic nerve gliomas that may occur in about 15 percent of children with this disease in about 2/3 of the time the tumors stop growing and disappears however there are some tumors that may require treatment.
MNGA-02 MENINGIOMA WITH CONTROLATERAL SUB-DURAL HEMATOMA: CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors: DOSSOU Mèhomè Wilfried , KAKOU Medard , MEMIA-ZOLO Daniel , PUGET Stéphanie
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Meningiomas account for around 20% of primary intracranial tumors. It is the most common benign brain tumor. The association of meningiomas with subdural hematoma is rare, and very few cases have been reported in the literature. The pathophysiological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. We therefore report a case of chronic subdural haematoma associated with a meningioma and review the relevant literature.

CASE PRESENTATION

A 72-year-old patient with known hypertension and a right basifrontal lesion discovered a few months previously. He was brought to emergency by his daughter for multiple comitial seizures and confusion. On clinical examination, the patient was conscious but confused, with anosmia and no sensory or motor deficits. A brain scan and MRI revealed a right parasagittal basifrontal meningioma associated with a chronic left subdural hematoma. The patient had no coagulation disorders. He underwent removal of the meningioma using a bifrontal approach, cranialisation of the sinuses, and drainage of the hematoma using an external subdural shunt. The postoperative course was favorable. Post-operative imaging showed satisfactory Simpson 1 resection and good drainage. The anatomopathological examination concluded that the meningioma had a meningothelial morphological subtype of doubtful invasiveness, suggesting a grade 2 invasive meningioma or a grade 1 meningothelial meningioma. No additional treatment was required.

CONCLUSION

The presence of a meningioma should always be suspected in the presence of an acute non-traumatic subdural hematoma. To obtain a more comprehensive pathophysiological explanation of the association, a meta-analysis involving a larger number of cases and a larger series would be necessary.
MNGA-06 MANAGEMENT OF FORAMEN MAGNUM TUMORS, EXPERIENCE OF THE SERVICE OF THE ARRAZI HOSPITAL OF THE CHU MOHAMMED VI OF MARRAKECH
Authors: Audryck Kasonga Mwambay
Published: October 2024

Tumors of the foramen magnum (FM) are intra or extradural expansive processes located in a region, very complex anatomically, limited, according to George and Al. Meningiomas and neuromas are the main tumors encountered intradurally, while extradural ones are mainly represented by chordomas and bone tumors. The objective of this work was to study the radio-clinical and anatomopathological characteristics, the place of surgery in the therapeutic management, as well as the prognostic factors of this pathological entity through a series of 10 cases collected at the service of Neurosurgery of the Mohamed VI of Marrakech, with literature review. The FM, unusual seat of expansive processes, gives passage to several vital anatomical structures which make the gravity and the particularity of this pathological entity. The preposterous clinical symptomatology, where no sign is pathognomonic, can simulate several other neurological disorders. MRI is the most useful and least invasive examination for the diagnosis and management of foramen magnum tumors. The optimal therapeutic option is total excision of the tumour. However, given the location, nature and tumor volume as well as the involvement of the vertebral artery, the surgical procedure may be limited to subtotal excision. Several surgical approaches have been described to increase efficiency and minimize operative morbidity. A midline posterior approach combined with microsurgical techniques yields good results. Postoperative complications can be dramatic and should be anticipated. The histological spectrum essentially includes meningiomas and neuromas. The prognosis largely depends on the early diagnosis and treatment, the preoperative neurological state, the location and extent of tumor excision, as well as the quality of care provided postoperatively.
MTAS-02 PREDICTORS OF BRAIN METASTASIS IN CANCER PATIENTS IN CAMEROON
Authors: Nganje Frida Embolo , Obi-Asu Eno-Ma , Fonkem Ekokobe
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Cancer still remains one of the leading causes of death globally, with higher burden faced by low- and middle-income countries. A third of all brain tumors are attributed to metastatic disease. However, in Cameroon, there is scarcity of data assessing predicting factors associated with brain metastasis patients.

METHODS

We conducted a review of patient records from the 1/1/2020 to 31/12/2023 at the oncology center in Douala, Cameroon. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess for potential predictors associated with brain metastasis.

RESULTS

Overall, 1500 patient charts were reviewed. A total of 229 charts (15.3%) were complete. Majority of patients were female 159(69.4%), and the mean age was 52.2 (SD=15.7). The proportion of cancer patients with brain metastasis was 15.7%(n=36), with breast cancer accounting most for metastasis 17(47.2%). Age and primary tumor size were the factors significantly (p =0.033 and p= 0.037 respectively) associated with brain metastasis.

CONCLUSION

Brain metastasis was common in patients with breast cancer. Age and primary tumor size play a key role in predicting development of brain metastasis in this study group.

LIMITATIONS

1. Majority of reviewed charts had incomplete information. 2. Retrospective nature of the study. 3. Single center study.
OTHR-01 HISTOLOGICAL TYPES OF BRAIN TUMORS DIAGNOSED AT THE KENYATTA NATIONAL HOSPITAL BETWEEN 2016 AND 2019: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY
Authors: Gesaka Samwel , Okemwa Parmenas , Mwachaka Philip
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

To determine the histological types of brain tumors (BTs) diagnosed at the Kenyatta National Hospital (KNH), Nairobi, Kenya.

METHODS

This retrospective study retrieved patient-archived records at KNH for the period 2016–2019. The histological types of brain tumors were assessed according to age, sex, and the WHO classification for CNS tumors.

RESULTS

During the study period, brain tumors appeared to increase gradually; however, there was a decline in 2018. During the study period, 345 brain tumor records were retrieved. Data on age were missing 33 records; hence, 312 records were included for age analyses. The mean age for the pediatrics and adults was 9 (± 5 SD) and 45 (± 14 SD) years, respectively. 88 (28.2%) and 224 (71.8%) tumors were diagnosed among pediatrics and adults, respectively. Overall, two peaks were observed in patients aged 5–15 years and 40–45 years. Gliomas, 43 (48.9%) and medulloblastomas, 21 (23.9%) were the most common tumors in pediatrics, whereas meningiomas, 107 (47.8%) and gliomas, 70 (31.3%) were the most common tumors in adults. Most pediatric and adult tumors were benign with 50 (56.8%) and 157 (70.1%) cases, respectively. Low-grade gliomas and medulloblastoma were the commonest benign and malignant tumors among pediatrics, with 31 (62%) and 21 (55.3%) cases, respectively. Conversely, meningiomas and high-grade gliomas were the most common benign and malignant tumors in adults, with 106 (67.5%) and 44 (65.7%) cases, respectively.

CONCLUSION

This study highlights the existing burden of brain tumors in Kenya and data from KNH may be representative of the national burden of BTs. This study lays a foundation for subsequent clinical and epidemiological studies and emphasizes the need to adopt existing reporting standards to help realize a complete picture of the burden of brain tumors in Kenya.
OTHR-05 FEASIBILITY STUDY ON BRAIN TUMOR BIOBANKING AND REGISTRY IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICAN COUNTRIES: A QUESTIONNAIRE-BASED SURVEY
Authors: Odukoya Lateef A , Kamson David O , Eckel-Passow Jeanette E , Ghomsi Nathalie C , Jenkins Robert B , Schroeder Kristin , Fonkem Ekokobe , Cheserem Beverly , Zerd Francis ,   (BTCA) The Brain Tumor Consortium for Africa
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION

Brain tumors constitute significant morbidity and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Improvements in neuro-oncology practice and research have seen increased diagnosis of brain tumors. However, to our knowledge, there have been no previous projects on brain tumor genetics in SSA. To understand the feasibility of developing brain tumor biobanking and registries, this project aims to start by mapping out the current neuro-oncology capacity in terms of workforce and available services.

METHODOLOGY

We will conduct a descriptive questionnaire-based online survey among a cross section of neuro-oncology practitioners spread across SSA countries. The dissemination of the survey questionnaire will be facilitated by the Society for Neuro-oncology in SSA (SNOSSA). The Google designed questionnaire will capture information on the distribution, and number of available neuro-oncology care practitioners, capacity for brain tumor diagnosis and management, cancer registration, tumor biobanking, and research.

CLINICAL IMPACT AND CONCLUSION

This study will generate robust data from SSA, which can be used to improve future research and promote advocacy towards brain tumor diagnosis and management. This work will also serve as a pilot study for subsequent research that will focus on the development of brain tumor-specific registries and biorepositories in SSA.
OTHR-09 EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BRAIN TUMORS IN ZIMBABWE
Authors: Chingonzo Kuzivakwashe , Kalangu Kazadi , Zimani Nathaniel , Dzowa Maximilian
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Brain tumors, while rare, cause significant morbidity and mortality across all ages. This study was done to help understand the age and sex distribution of the common brain cancers diagnosed in Zimbabwe.

METHODS

A retrospective descriptive analysis was done of the epidemiology of brain tumor cases presenting over the past 5years at a single center in Zimbabwe.

RESULTS

The Total number of brain tumor cases attended to during this period was 162. Of these, 26% (42cases) were meningiomas, while 18.3% (30cases) were pituitary tumors. 12% (20cases) were posterior fossa tumors. 35 cases (22%) were unclassified brain tumors. Other brain tumors which were noted were glioma (8), craniopharyngioma (4), ependymoma (3), lymphoma (2) as well as confirmed metastatic disease (6). Meningiomas had a male to female ratio of 1:2, with a peak incidence of 40-50years (35%) whilst pituitary tumors had a 1:1 male to female ratio with 54% presenting between 30-50years. Posterior fossa tumors are most common in children and adolescents, with 53% of the cases presenting below the age of 20. They have a 1:1 ratio between males and females.

CONCLUSION

Most brain tumors had an equal distribution between males and females with the exception of meningioma which have a 1:2 male:female ratio. In the young and adolescents posterior fossa tumors are the commonest, with pituitary tumors and meningiomas being more common between 30-50years.
OTHR-17 MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES OF SELLAR, SUPRASELLAR, AND PARASELLAR MASSES IN LOW- AND MIDDLE-INCOME COUNTRIES: A SCOPING REVIEW AND PROPORTIONAL META-ANALYSIS OF 6584 MASSES
Authors: Takoutsing Berjo Dongmo , Egiz Abdullah , Dalle David Ulrich , Dada Olaoluwa Ezekiel , Ikwuegbuenyi Chibuikem A , Ooi Setthasorn Zhi Yang , Gillespie Conor S , Tunde Olobatoke A , Yong Brian Ming Ou , Korch Moniba , Kesici Özgür , de Koning Rosaline , Khan Mehdi , Erhabor Joshua , Kotecha Jay , Bocco Alberic Fabrice Sewa , Bandyopadhyay Soham , Bankole Nourou Dine Adeniran
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

To aggregate data on treatment modalities, management approaches, and clinical outcomes of sellar, suprasellar, and parasellar masses in LMICs.

METHODS

We conducted a scoping review as per the Arksey and O’Malley framework. MEDLINE, Embase, Global Index Medicus, and African Journals Online were searched and included articles between 2000 and 2021 screened against predefined eligibility criteria. Pooled statistics were calculated using measures of central tendency and spread. A proportional meta-analysis was conducted to pool the mortality rates.

RESULTS

Of the 3526 articles generated by the search strategy, 173 articles were included. The mean age was 35.5 ± 15 years, and most were females (56.47%). Sellar masses predominated (85%; 95% CI = 93.16–118.58), and the most commonly used neuroimaging modality to diagnose these masses was an MRI (65.31%). Surgical resection was mostly utilised with endoscopic surgery (78%; 95% CI = 17.29–154.96) predominating over microsurgery (22%; 95% CI = 11.51–47.73). The transsphenoidal approach was mostly used for both endoscopic surgery and microsurgery (92.13% vs 93.21%), and the extent of resection was gross total resection in most cases (n = 3611). Non-surgical management included hormonal therapies (n = 2080), chemotherapy (n = 96 patients), and radiosurgery (n = 357). New onset diabetes insipidus (34.27%), followed by postoperative infection (27.95%), were the most commonly reported postoperative complications. The pooled overall mortality rate was 8.1% (95% CI: 0.031–0.146).

CONCLUSION

Although MRIs are considered to be the gold standard means of diagnosis for these masses, their use in LMICs is less reported. Despite new minimally invasive treatment options, endoscopic surgery is commonly used in LMICs. These translates to the fact that more effort is required in the effective care of patients with these masses in LMICs.
PDOC-01 THERAPEUTIC DIFFICULTY IN THE MANAGEMENT OF A RECURRENT CRANIOPHARYNGIOMA IN A CHILD: REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE AND CASE REPORT
Authors: DOSSOU Mèhomè Wilfried , KAKOU Medard , Puget Stéphanie
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Craniopharyngiomas are rare, benign epithelial tumors of embryonic origin in children that develop along the craniopharyngeal duct from Rathke’s pouch. The optimal treatment algorithm remains challenging. We report a child case of recurrent craniopharyngioma with therapeutic challenges.

CASE PRESENTATION

12-year-old patient, followed for a multi-operated type 2 craniopharyngioma (December 2017, November 2018, and April 2022), stroke on left sylvian stenosis with right hemiplegia in 2020 during proton therapy (52 Gray), thrombolysed with good recovery after rehabilitation, sequellar panhypopituitarism. He was seen in consultation for visual field deterioration. Clinical examination showed a conscious, coherent, obese patient with a deteriorating visual field. Ophthalmological examination showed visual acuity 10/10 with slight temporal visual field amputation on the left and monocular blindness on the right due to probable optic atrophy sequelae of the craniopharyngioma. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed progression of the residual multicystic lesion in the sellar and left temporal regions, entering the sylvian valley and severely compressing the optic pathways. The tumor was removed under general anesthetic in a supine position, with release of the optic nerve, the carotid artery, and its division, and the left 3rd cranial nerve. The postoperative course is straightforward.

CONCLUSION

Morbidity and the assessment of sequelae are now at the forefront of the management of craniopharyngiomas. The current therapeutic approach should be reconsidered, in terms of the indications for surgery and the surgical protocol. This patient’s case is a typical example of the therapeutic difficulties involved in the management of craniopharyngiomas.
PDOC-04 MULTIDISCPLINARY APPROACH TO PEDIATRIC POSTERIOR FOSSA TUMORS, OUR CLINICAL EXPERIENCE: CASE SERIES
Authors: Mtei John , Rutabasibbwa Nicephorus
Published: October 2024

Paediatric brain tumor is second only to leukemia in this age group and more than 60% are located infratentorial. The first treatment option is surgical resection with aim of complete total resection, the proximity to fourth ventricle and CSF pathways make these children prone to develop obstructive hydrocephalus and multiple other complications related to pre and post operative. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy as adjuvant management is also important after surgery to selected cases. The aim of this case series was to review the demographic and clinical presentation of posterior fossa tumor children prior to definitive management, duration to adjuvant therapy after surgery and complications related to surgical management. This was a two-year retrospective review from March 2022 to march 2024, all paediatric less than 18 years of age with brain tumor admitted to our neurosurgery pediatric ward were selected. Late presentation to hospital was observed in most of the patients, obstructive hydrocephalus that warrant an emergent CSF diversion was noted in majority of the children. All cases require surgery were performed more than 5 days after admission to hospital, histological results report majority of the tumor to be pilocytic astrocytoma, medulloblastoma and ependymoma, all brain stem tumors on MRI image were not operated and were offered chemotherapy. Complications related to surgery include CSF leak, wound dehiscence and re occurrence of tumor were observed in more than 5 cases. Delayed chemotherapy and radiotherapy was also noted in this study. This single institution study concluded that a prospective study is important and a well-defined protocol at assessing novel ways and approaches of management, is required to all children with posterior fossa tumor, this will minimise the complications observed in this study.
PDOC-13 ACCESS TO CARE OF CHILD DIAGNOSED WITH PINEOBLASTOMA AND NURSING CHALLENGES TO ADDRESS THE NEEDS ARISE
Authors: Twala Ncediwe , Jefthas Claudine , Ngcwayi Lusanda
Published: October 2024

Patient Alu (not her real name) was 8 years old girl when diagnosed with Pineoblastoma causing obstructive hydrocephalus. Presented initial at Primary health care with headache,photophobia,lethargic and vomiting for two weeks. CT scan and MRI(Magnetic resonance imaging) were done on arrival to our care and revealed Pineal region tumour. Biopsy were done. Radiotherapy,surgery,chemotherapy including rehabilitation were planned by Multidisciplinary team. This case study focus on the access of care needs of this patient and the family with an emphasis on the Nurses challenges to address those needs. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for this Patient from June 2021 on the onset of presenting symptoms and initial admission in Redcross War Memorial Children’s Hospital at Cape Town South Africa up to March 2024 last admission in Hospital. Found that were levels of unmet needs some areas of difficulty are not discussed, some areas family feels difficult to explain or mention such as emotional burnout, language, cultural, spritual and schooling etc. In view of all this Nurses may focus on supporting families on discharge and during admission, working better relationship with Primary health care, appropriate referrals for counseling for coping mechanism. Financial constrains is still a major issue throughout.
PDOC-14 CASE SERIES ON THE MANAGEMENT OF POSTERIOR CRANIAL FOSSA TUMORS AND CHALLENGES ENCOUNTERED IN A LOW RESOURCE SETTING: ZIMBABWE
Authors: Dube Tafadzwa Moreen , Kalangu Kazadi , Zimani Nathaniel , Dzowa Maximilian , Mupenyu Simbarashe
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

To investigate the management and challenges encountered in caring for patients with posterior cranial fossa tumors in Zimbabwean government central hospitals and their outcomes.

METHODS

Clinical and surgical records of six paediatric patients diagnosed with posterior cranial fossa tumors and managed at Parirenyatwa group of hospitals and Sally Mugabe Central Hospital over the past 8months were accessed from the hospital archives and utilized to fill in a previously created assessment tool.

RESULTS

Six cases of posterior fossa tumors were analysed. The ages ranged from 2 to 12 years, with a female-to-male ratio of 2:1. None of the patients underwent standard emergency posterior fossa tumor excision. All of the patients initially had a ventriculoperitoneal shunt inserted for active hydrocephalus due to the unavailability of theatre time, surgical sundries, ICU beds, and blood products. A single patient deceased after developing a complication of upward herniation whilst four patients proceeded to have uneventful excisions of posterior fossa tumors. For the cases that had surgical tumor excision, an average waiting period of 2 weeks was observed between ventriculoperitoneal shunting and surgical excision. One patient was lost to follow-up after shunting.

CONCLUSION

There are delays in emergency neuro-oncological service delivery in Zimbabwe leading to delayed excision of posterior fossa tumors. These delays have been bridged by CSF diversion through the placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunts while awaiting definitive surgery. Despite these challenges and delays, the outcomes are generally satisfactory.
SPIN-04 PAEDIATRIC SPINAL HEMANGIOMA PRESENTING WITH MYELOPATHY – HELPING A CHILD TO WALK AGAIN
Authors: Mutama Brighton , Kalangu Professor Kazadi , Jokonya Luxwell , Dzowa Maximillan , Zimani Nathaniel , Madondoro Killion , Mupenyu Simbarashe , Mapfumo Shelton
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVES

To highlight the adaptations in management of spinal tumour patients with available resources. To emphasize on the importance of neurorehabilitation post spinal tumour surgery.

INTRODUCTION

Vertebral/Spinal hemangiomas are benign lesions and often asymptomatic. They are more common in the thoracic spine where they may become symptomatic with varying presentations. Only a small percentage of these tumours are symptomatic, and this can be attributed to several factors which include epidural expansion of tumour tissue, expansion of bony elements, compression by vessels feeding or draining the lesion or rarely by compression fracture of the vertebra. CASE: This is a case of an 11-year-old girl who was managed at Parirenyatwa hospital. She had presented with a 2-month history of progressive backache associated with paraparesis and numbness in the legs. Had normal bowel and bladder control. No history of trauma or other comorbidities such as Tuberculosis, HIV, or known malignancies. An MRI done revealed a contrast enhancing extradural compressive mass at the level of T5, also involving parts of T5 vertebral body.

RESULTS

The patient was taken to theatre for thoracic spine decompression and biopsy, without instrumentation. Histology revealed that the lesion was a hemangioma. Patient recovered well over 2months on a corset and physiotherapy, 4 months later she was able to mobilise by herself and to run around.

CONCLUSION

The main stay of treating symptomatic vertebral hemangiomas remains surgery, with or without instrumentation. It is often rewarding though may be challenging to both the patient and the surgeon even in the best of centers. As exemplified by this case, we have managed to yield a satisfying outcome in the face of ‘adaptive’ measures. Neurorehabilitation enhanced the chances for the child to be able to walk again.
2′-Fluorinated nucleoside chemistry for new drug discovery: achievements and prospects
Authors: Meng Yonggang , Sun Nannan , Liang Lan , Yu Bin , Chang Junbiao
Published: October 2024

Fluorinated nucleosides are an important class of modified nucleosides that have demonstrated therapeutic potential for treating various human diseases, especially viral infections and cancer. Many fluorinated nucleosides have advanced into clinical trials or have been approved by the FDA for use in patients. Among these fluorinated nucleosides, azvudine, developed by us, has been officially approved by the National Medical Products Administration for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and human immunodeficiency virus, indicating the therapeutic promise of fluorinated nucleosides. In view of the therapeutic promise of fluorinated nucleosides for antiviral and anticancer therapy, in this Review we will provide a comprehensive overview of well-established 2′-fluorinated nucleosides approved for use in the market or those in clinical stages for antiviral and antitumor therapies, highlighting the drug discovery strategies, structure-activity relationship studies, mechanisms of action, and preclinical/clinical studies and also discuss the challenges and future directions for nucleoside-based new drug discovery.
Students’ use of virtual learning environment resources and their impact on student performance in an econometrics module
Authors: Barile Lory , Elliott Caroline , McCann Michael , Pantea Zaharia Paul
Published: October 2024

We examine the relationship between students’ engagement with a range of virtual learning environment resources and their module performance, focusing on a relatively large second year undergraduate econometrics module. The analysis offers a useful contribution to the literature on the relationship between virtual learning environment engagement and student performance through consideration of a broader range of virtual learning environment resources than is typically considered in analyses to date, also through using a wider range of control variables. The setting for the analysis is also of interest as data relate to the 2020/2021 academic year in which there was a greater onus on the provision of online learning resources. Further, while much literature considers student performance on economics principles modules, there is much less literature focusing on econometrics module performance. Results suggest that there are different relationships between virtual learning environment engagement and student performance, depending on the virtual learning environment resources under consideration. Generally, engagement with virtual learning environment resources that encourage more active learning is associated with better student module performance. Similarly, engagement with online formative assessments with immediate feedback is associated with student module success.
Scrub typhus meningoencephalitis in children: an experience from Eastern India
Authors: Jana Jadab Kumar , Mandal Anusree Krishna , Pati Sourav , Gayen Soumya
Published: October 2024

Scrub typhus meningoencephalitis (STME) is an uncommon but fatal complication of scrub typhus that requires extra diligence in early identification and treatment. The goal of this study was to look at the clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and outcome of STME in children. A retrospective study was conducted in the paediatric intensive care unit of a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India between April 2021 and September 2022. It was carried out in children aged 1 month–12 years. Sixteen children were diagnosed with STME out of 75 acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) cases. The male-to-female ratio was 3:1, with a mean age of 4.28 ± 3.36 years. All the children hailed from rural areas. Fever (100%), convulsions (87.5), altered sensorium (93.75%), nuchal stiffness (25%), vomiting (75%), pallor (75%), and hepatomegaly (50%) were the most prevalent clinical manifestations. The average duration of fever upon presentation was 8.25 ± 2.11 days and the average length of hospital stay was 9.00 ± 4.59 days. The complications encountered were shock (3), interstitial pneumonia (1), myocarditis (1), raised intracranial pressure (1), and right-sided hemiplegia (1). Fifteen children recovered completely, whereas one child suffered from residual right-sided neurodeficit. A high index of suspicion needs to be maintained for STME as a possible AES entity, as anti-scrub measures administered promptly can go a long way in mitigating the related morbidity and mortality especially in resource-constrained settings.
A Machine Learning–Based Prediction Model for the Probability of Fall Risk Among Chinese Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Authors: Zhou Zhou , Wang Danhui , Sun Jun , Zhu Min , Teng Liping
Published: October 2024

Fall is a common adverse event among older adults. This study aimed to identify essential fall factors and develop a machine learning–based prediction model to predict the fall risk category among community-dwelling older adults, leading to earlier intervention and better outcomes. Three prediction models (logistic regression, random forest, and naive Bayes) were constructed and evaluated. A total of 459 people were involved, including 156 participants (34.0%) with high fall risk. Seven independent predictors (frail status, age, smoking, heart attack, cerebrovascular disease, arthritis, and osteoporosis) were selected to develop the models. Among the three machine learning models, the logistic regression model had the best model fit, with the highest area under the curve (0.856) and accuracy (0.797) and sensitivity (0.735) in the test set. The logistic regression model had excellent discrimination, calibration, and clinical decision-making ability, which could aid in accurately identifying the high-risk groups and taking early intervention with the model.