bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Pesticide Misuse in Agriculture Farms from Two Costa Rican Provinces
Authors: Sánchez-Menjivar María , Villalobos-Sequeira Jenny , Ramírez-Muñóz Fernando , Blanco-Peña Kinndle
Published: October 2024

Pesticide misuse by farmers poses hazards to human, animal, and environmental health. [Objective] This study aimed to document potential pesticide formulation misuse in agricultural farms. [Methodology] Inadequate storage practices, incorrect pesticide selection, and pesticide formulation overuse were documented through interviews and photographs on 13 agricultural farms from the Cartago and Guanacaste provinces of Costa Rica between August 2022 and April 2023. [Results] Storage room characteristics in many farms do not comply with safety standards prescribed by the Costa Rican Ministry of Agriculture and Livestock. Different active ingredients with herbicidal, fungicidal, insecticidal, and bactericidal properties are used in crop species for which they are not recommended. These substances include those from the carbamate, pyridine, cyclohexanedione, pyrethroid, conazole, benzothiazinone, oxadiazine, and phthalimide chemical groups in Cartago province, and from the neonicotinoid and pyrethroid chemical groups in Guanacaste province. Many pesticide formulations are utilized in quantities exceeding the manufacturers' recommendations. Among these formulations were bifenthrin, captan, oxamyl, cypermethrin, mancozeb, dimethoate, and deltamethrin in Cartago province, and imidacloprid in Guanacaste province. [Conclusions] These substances and their secondary metabolites have the potential to move across different environmental compartments such as water, soil, and air, thereby negatively affecting the health of community members rather than just the farmers applying these formulations. Well-established pesticide education programs based on on-site visits to farmers can enhance awareness about implementing good practices and ensure rational use of these substances, with positive results in non-target organisms such as humans and ecosystem service providers as well as natural and anthropogenic ecosystems.
Origen y desarrollo del nacionalismo macedonio (1878-1949)
Authors: Nieto González Jesús
Published: October 2024

Este libro pretende analizar el origen y el desarrollo del nacionalismo en Macedonia, entendida esta como región geográfica, no como identidad estatal, en el periodo que va de 1878, Tratado de San Estéfano y Conferencia de Berlín, hasta 1949 con la derrota del Ejército Democrático en la Guerra Civil Griega, junto a la ruptura de Yugoslavia con la URSS un año antes y el desarrollo de la Guerra Fría en la región. Las Guerras Balcánicas, la I Guerra Mundial y los acontecimientos del periodo de entreguerras, especialmente la catástrofe de Asia Menor, van a cambiar de manera inexorable la estructura demográfica de la región. Así mismo, el desarrollo de los Partidos Comunistas en el seno de los estados implicados, junto a la acción de la Komintern al respecto, se convirtieron en un elemento decisivo en el desarrollo del nacionalismo macedonio. El desenlace de la II Guerra Mundial, especialmente la creación de la Yugoslavia socialista y federal y la alineación de cada estado nacional balcánico con uno de los bloques resultantes de la Guerra Fría, va a sellar el destino del nacionalismo macedonio, parecía que de forma definitiva. Sin embargo, la rápida, e imprevista, desaparición de Yugoslavia en la década de 1990 y su desmembración en estados nacionales, supuso la revitalización del nacionalismo macedonio, que, de nuevo se tenía que enfrentar a sus contradicciones internas y a la hostilidad de los estados vecinos.
Derecho de la sociedad internacional
Authors: Clavero Bartolomé
Published: October 2024

Este manualito repasa críticamente, con ayuda de una historia, los distintos estratos que han fundado el derecho internacional. Esta panorámica se sirve así de la historia, pero tiene como objetivo contestar a la pregunta ¿existe hoy día un derecho de la humanidad? Contestarla sin descuidar las imposiciones cristianas y coloniales euroamericanas que se han heredado del derecho de gentes. Contestarla sin ingenuidad, mostrando que el primer derecho denominado internacional era inexistente, en tanto que no quedaba espacio para dicho objeto entre las posturas impositivas y generadoras de derecho de los Estados del siglo XIX. Contestarla indagando como la Liga de Naciones y las Naciones Unidas rellenaron de sentido, también en el ámbito de lo privado y de lo humano, esa noción. Contestarla atendiendo a la postura subordinada que el derecho internacional ha impuesto sobre poblaciones indígenas ajenas a la acción de los Estados y sobre otras naciones consideradas necesitadas de tutela. Contestarla señalando los lastres y defectos históricos, pero de manera comprometida y optimista, afirmando, en suma, que son “los derechos, no los Estados los que deberían producir una constitución de la humanidad”. La introducción de Julio A. Pardos Martínez sitúa el texto en el conjunto de la extensísima producción de Bartolomé Clavero y ofrece un método infalible para ampliar, con otros artículos y libros de Clavero, la lectura de este compendioso manual. Derecho de la sociedad internacional es una lectura imprescindible para comprender el mundo en que vivimos y de una actualidad rabiosa. Este libro nos enseña todo lo que debemos saber y, sobre todo, sospechar sobre derecho internacional en menos tiempo del que dedicaríamos a leer las entradas correspondientes de Wikipedia.
"Janus" Puzzle: a Case of Creative Application of Marxist Theory in the Soviet Lithuanian Historiography?
Authors: Švedas Aurimas
Published: October 2024

Academician Juozas Jurginis was one of the most outstanding figures in the Soviet Lithuanian historiography. Analysis of his most fundamental book "The Strengthening of Serfdom in Lithuania" disclosed subtle symptoms of "erosion" in the Soviet version of Marxism. Resting on distinctions suggested by A. Bumblauskas (Communist pragmatism, Stalinism - Leninism, Marxism), the analysis regards this study as an effort to dissociate from the Stalinism-Leninism. Being a virtuosic master of Marxist theory, J. Jurginis noticed and emphasized the problem of different ways in which serfdom and feudalism developed in Eastern and Western Europe. Moreover, the region of Eastern Europe was perceived by him as uneven in terms of social and economic relations. In essence, J. Jurginis formulated "ideologically dangerous" hints indicating that Russia and Lithuania were qualitatively different countries in their historical development. J. Jurginis did not attribute Russia to the "maximum" region of Western Europe, while Lithuania according to his conception was close to this civilization space. These insights lead to the conclusion that J. Jurginis covertly challenged stereotypes of the Soviet historiography.
Informal networks of corruption in contemporary Lithuania: Between practice and interpretation (an attempt to study evolution of blat)
Authors: Brandišauskas Donatas
Published: October 2024

Over the past decade, the corruption has become a popular concern, the subject of considerable investigation, and the target of international efforts in Lithuania. In a period of communism, role blat as one form of corruption plays a major role in explaining the everyday economic practices of Soviet society. Blat is a person or use of informal network (reciprocity) based on trust and established relations using friends, acquaintances, or relatives to obtain goods and values. In Soviet times, blat existed in shortage conditions and was an alternative for central distribution of state resources that became the legitimate feature of behavior and mentality. The main task of my article is the investigation of informal relations in contemporary Lithuania. At least two different hypotheses might be relevant to consider: one, which claims that such phenomenon as blat no longer exists, and another stating that the practices of using informal networks still exist, albeit in different forms. My focus in this paper was if and how Lithuanians of today use their informal networks (blat) and personal relations to obtain goods or values from people in formal positions in everyday life. I argue that despite some changes, informal relations play a crucial role in many contemporary social transactions in Lithuania and create the environment where corruption can successfully flourish.
One Step Towards Research of Confesional and Integrational Processes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Authors: Švedas Aurimas
Published: October 2024

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Early Childhood Concussion
Authors: Beauchamp Miriam H. , Anderson Vicki , Ewing-Cobbs Linda , Haarbauer-Krupa Juliet , McKinlay Audrey , Wade Shari L. , Suskauer Stacy J.
Published: October 2024

The unconsolidated motor and cognitive skills that are typical of the early childhood period place infants, toddlers, and preschoolers at risk for a variety of traumatic injuries. Such injuries may include mild traumatic brain injury or concussion. Knowledge regarding the risk, diagnosis, outcomes, and management of early childhood concussion is limited, especially compared with what is known about concussion in school-age children, adolescents, and adults. This state-of-the-art review aims to provide current knowledge on the epidemiology, physical signs, behavior, and clinical outcomes associated with early childhood concussion. Research on this condition has been challenged by the need to adapt methods to the unique physical, behavioral, and developmental characteristics of young children. We provide information on observable symptoms associated with concussion, recommended approaches to care, and suggestions for overcoming barriers to research in this area. Developmentally appropriate efforts are needed to improve our ability to identify, evaluate, and treat early childhood concussion.
Nuclear Energy as a Sustainable Source? Examining Media Discourses Surrounding the EU-Complementary Delegated Act
Authors: Muhammad-Amir Riasat , Zeler Ileana
Published: October 2024

This paper contributes to the understanding of media discourses surrounding the sustainability of nuclear energy, particularly within a crisis context. The study examines the implications of the adoption of the Complementary Delegated Act on EU taxonomy by the European Commission on July 6, 2022, which officially categorises nuclear energy as sustainable. Employing a critical discourse analysis (CDA) methodology, the research explores the discourse strategies–nomination, predication, and argumentation– utilised across 695 news articles. The findings reveal the intricate representation of nuclear energy’s sustainability across the media. The Russian-Ukrainian conflict amplifies favourably the nuclear energy view as a reliable and sustainable energy source. However, the media discourse on nuclear energy’s sustainability reveals a variety of viewpoints. These varying outlooks provide essential insights for shaping effective energy policies. This research contributes valuable insights into understanding how media shapes and influences public perception of sustainability energy policies, amplifying specific actors’ voices and steering discourse toward distinct trajectories. Such insights are crucial in crafting energy policies.
Somdev Chatterjee. Why Stories Work: The Evolutionary and Cognitive Roots of the Power of Narrative. Published by Notion Press, India, Singapore, Malaysia (2023), 112 pp.
Authors: Bhattacharya Atanu
Published: October 2024

Book Review
Transparency in AI usage within fact-checking platforms in Spain and its ethical challenges
Authors: Cuartielles Roger , Mauri-Ríos Marcel , Rodríguez-Martínez Ruth
Published: October 2024

Transparency –encompassing methodological, financial, and source-related aspects, as well as the tools employed– is central to the operations of professional fact-checking platforms. However, the growing adoption of artificial intelligence tools in fact-checking introduces new ethical challenges. This research investigates the extent to which these platforms believe they should disclose their use of AI and assesses the current practices on their websites regarding this technology. The study employs a qualitative methodology, including semi-structured interviews with professionals from accredited Spanish verification platforms and content analysis of these organizations’ websites. The findings indicate that transparency in AI usage is widely regarded as an ethical imperative. Nevertheless, the application of this standard often becomes ambiguous when addressing specific practices and cases. Many professionals question the necessity of explicitly disclosing AI usage when the technology primarily supports the verification and is overseen by human reviewers. Additionally, a lack of understanding of AI’s functionality sometimes hinders the ability to identify whether the tools employed incorporate AI. The content analysis also reveals that explicit mentions of AI use on the websites are rare and that platforms lack open-access manuals or protocols that outline and regulate their AI practices.
Discursive Practices during an Electoral Cycle: Public Opinion and Political Disillusionment on Twitter
Authors: Santillán-Vásquez Manuel , Monard Elohim
Published: October 2024

Electoral cycles are highly charged, politically intense moments that influence public discourse. Political elites, citizens, and the traditional news media seek to generate opinions and interactions on social networks. This research is motivated by the following questions: What are the communicative and deliberative practices used in these spaces? Is it possible to identify the characteristics that –through deliberative conversations– potentially foster or undermine democratic debate, particularly when using populist and polarizing discourse? Using a mixed methods approach, we apply a social network analysis tool to track conversations and identify the volume of political discourse (N=346,000). Using selective and staged filtering, we identified posts from nine Peruvian Twitter accounts during the September 2022 electoral campaign in Lima: three candidates, three media outlets, and three accounts with high levels of engagement. Our data comprised the comments from these nine accounts and was extracted using an Application Programming Interface (API). Subsequently, we carried out ethnographic content analysis on publications with more than 30 comments. In this phase, we analyzed Twitter comments using a codebook to identify deliberative practices and user responses. Our findings underscore the significant role of principal media outlets in shaping political conversation on Twitter. We also discovered that attempts to interact and deliberate were often overshadowed by heated comments attempting to impose opinions on others. Most importantly, our research reveals a widespread disillusionment with politics, political institutions, and even the political preferences of fellow citizens in Peru, highlighting a key challenge for democratic discourse on social media.
Rights of Nature in Wetlands – Transformative Change for Securing the Future of Wetlands Through Effective Restoration
Authors: Davies Gillian , Finlayson Max , Simpson Matthew , Moomaw William , Fennessy Siobhan
Published: October 2024

Indigenous Peoples, local communities and non-profit organizations have been leading a growing global “Rights of Nature” movement that reconsiders the human-Nature relationship and returns to a recognition of Nature’s living beingness and inherent rights (Kaufman and Martin 2021; https://celdf.org/rights-of-nature/ accessed 21 October 2023). These perspectives have been shared by many cultures and societies throughout history and continue to be the foundation beliefs of many communities. This alternative attitude moves the human-Nature relationship from one of exploitation, depletion, degradation and loss to one based on relational values such as reciprocity, gratitude, and respect. For the populations of modern nation states, this perspective constitutes a paradigm shift that may lead to greater success in achieving conservation goals and support for restoration, regeneration, and re-wilding initiatives that might implement the recently agreed Global Biodiversity Framework (https://www.cbd.int/gbf/ accessed 20 October 2023).
The Ecological Impacts of Mangrove Patch Perimeter on Fringe Prop Root-Dependent Communities
Authors: Knowles Myra , L. Grabowski Katie , H. Altieri Andrew , J. Araújo Rafael
Published: October 2024

The rapid changes in global climate and overexploitation of natural resources are significant factors when considering the persistence and function of mangroves. Mangroves serve as a refuge for a diversity of aquatic, terrestrial, and avian species that generate valuable ecosystem services for human communities that depend on these organisms. Through worsening natural and anthropogenic processes, such as intensified hurricanes and deforestation, the widespread loss of mangrove forests results in fragmentation, producing truncated, isolated mangrove patches. Specifically, in Bocas del Toro, naturally segmented mangrove patches of different sizes may impact mangrove-dependent organisms as a result of reduced habitat. To address this knowledge gap, we collected data on two mangrove fringedependent communities to identify significant differences in biodiversity, family evenness, and community structure as a function of different mangrove patch perimeters. Select fish families and epibiont categories displayed significant correlation to increasing mangrove patch perimeters. However, the results did not yield a significant relationship between different mangrove patch sizes and most population metrics of the dependent marine communities. Instead, mangrove patch size had little ecological impact, which expanded the previous hypothesis from patch size having a significant impact to patch assemblage playing a role in the diversity and presence of mangrove-dependent communities. Given that mangrove patches varied in size by several orders of magnitude and had similar fish and epibiont communities, smaller islands may have essential conservation values similar to larger habitat patches and provide redundancy that contributes to overall system equilibrium.
A új technológiákhoz, metodikákhoz kapcsolódó kockázatok megjelenése a katonai szervezetekben
Authors: Szegedi Péter
Published: October 2024

A mind dinamikussá váló biztonsági környezet egyre gyorsabban szembesít új kihívásokkal. A katonai szervezetek lehetőségeit természetes módon behatárolja örökségük, fejlesztésüket külső környezettel korrelációban lévő elérni kívánt jövőképük határozza meg. A múlt kihívásaira válaszul kialakított képességek alkalmazhatósága már a jelenben is korlátozott, a jövőben pedig akár veszélyforrássá válhat. Ezért a legfontosabbak stratégiai kialakítása, fejlesztése során a megújulás, a szelektív felejtés (elavult eszközök, tudások, viszonyulások, értékek átértelmezése hagyománnyá, az azonosságunk megőrzését segítő, de a ma és a holnap döntéseit érdemben nem befolyásoló érdekességgé) fontos szempont.
Az alapvető katonai erények mibenléte és helyük a hosszú 19. századi magyar hadtudományos gondolkodásban
Authors: Boda Mihály
Published: October 2024

Jelen tanulmány egy – az alapvető katonai erények vizsgálatával foglalkozó –tanulmánysorozat harmadik része. A tanulmánysorozat célja a) bemutatni az alapvető katonai erények összefüggésrendszerét; b) átgondolni az alapvető katonai erények sokféléségét; és c) kimutatni az alapvető katonai erényeket, és azok speciális rendszerét a hosszú 19. század magyar hadtudomány írásaiban, azaz a korszak magyar katonai etikai ideológiájában. A tanulmánysorozat első és második részében az erények mibenlétével, a hagyományos katonai erénylistákkal, és a bátorság erényével foglalkoztam. Most, a harmadik részben a becsület erényét elemzem, és történelmi példák segítségével mutatom be típusait. A negyedik és az ötödik rész témája a hűség erénye és típusai, illetve az alapvető katonai erények vizsgálata a hosszú 19. századi magyar hadtudományos irodalmában lesz.
A „Duna”-hadműveletből levont főbb tapasztalatok, tanulságok – ahogy az elöljárók látták – 1. rész
Authors: M. Szabó Miklós
Published: October 2024

Az 50 évvel ezelőtt zajlott csehszlovákiai események történetét ismertnek véve, a Szerző levéltári iratok alapján a Hadtudomány korábbi lapszámaiban összefoglalta azokat az alapvető tapasztalatokat, amelyeket a végrehajtásban részt vett, különböző szintű parancsnokok rögzítettek „összegző jelentéseikben”, még a hadmûvelet folyamán, 1968. szeptember végén, október elején. Ez követően – a honvédelmi miniszter parancsára – a vezérkar főnöke elrendelte, hogy ezek alapján a Honvédelmi Minisztérium és a Vezérkar vezető szervei, valamint a hadsereg-, hadtest- és hadosztály-parancsnokságok is összegezzék a tapasztalatokat. Ez a munka1969-ben megtörtént, aminek lényegét a Szerző két részben összefoglalta, és ennek 1. részétebben a számban közreadja.
Hazánk közbiztonsága nemzetközi összehasonlításban
Authors: Banász Zsuzsanna
Published: October 2024

Az érzékelt életminőségben meghatározó szerepet tölt be a közbiztonság. A kutatás hazánk közbiztonságát mutatja be a Numbeo nevű szervezet felmérése alapján, nemzetközi összehasonlításban.
A Geraszimov-cikk katonapolitikai háttere
Authors: Tomolya János
Published: October 2024

Az orosz vezérkari főnök, Valerij Geraszimov nevét több, az orosz katonai gondolkodásban járatlan külföldi és magyar szakértő összekapcsolta az ún. „hibrid háború” doktrínájával. Ahhoz, hogy megértsük és helyesen értelmezzük Geraszimov elképzeléseit a modern hadviselésről, ismernünk kell az orosz katonai gondolkodásmódot, hadikultúrát, Oroszország belső politikai viszonyait és az orosz fegyveres erők állapotát. Jelen munka célja, hogy feltárja a Gerszimov 2013-ban, a „Tudomány jelentősége a haladásban” címmel megjelent cikkének katonai hátterét, az orosz haderőreformmal kapcsolatos katonapolitikai körülményeit.
Katonatanácsok a határőrségnél 1956-ban
Authors: Fórizs Sándor
Published: October 2024

A publikáció a határőrségnél az 1956-es évben október 30. és december 7. között működött katonatanácsokról fennmaradt dokumentumokat elemzi a Magyar Nemzeti Levéltár anyagai segítségével. Bemutatásra kerülnek a kerületparancsnokságok vonatkozó jelentései, ügyészségi vádiratok és bírósági ítéletek. Néhány sajátos eseményt külön is feldolgoz a szerző, ismerteti a nagykanizsai katonatanács választását. Megismerhetjük a katonatanácsok megalakulásának körülményeit, tevékenységüket, hatásukat az akkori határőrség működésére.
Az emberi tényező kockázatainak modellezési lehetősége Fuzzy-logikával a vasútnál, mint kritikus infrastruktúrában
Authors: Váczi Dániel
Published: October 2024

A kiberbiztonsági kockázatok feltérképezésére használt módszerek csak részben tárják fel a valóságot, a célzott támadások ellen kevésbé hatékonyak. A cikk a magyarországi vasúti informatikai infrastruktúra példáján tárja fel egy pontosabb számítási módszer lehetőségét a Fuzzy-logika alkalmazásával.
A humanista háborús ideológia Magyarországon a 15–16. században: a „kereszténység védőbástyája”
Authors: Boda Mihály
Published: October 2024

A 15–16. század olyan új korszak Magyarország történelmében, amikor a nyugat-európai eszmei és politikai változásoknak, illetve a dél-keleti török előretörésnek köszönhetően átalakult a háború igazoltságáról való gondolkozás. A humanista államelmélet, egyrészt, illetve a török előretöréssel védekezésre kényszerített európai kereszténység keleti határvidékén ebben az időszakban jelent meg a „kereszténység védőbástyája” háborús ideológia. Az ideológia tartalma, hogy Magyarország bástyaként védelmezi az európai kereszténység várát, és amelynek a korszakban való megjelenése azt jelzi, hogy Magyarország helyzete megváltozott a keresztény Európában.
Mi a történelmi hadijáték és miért van helye a katonai felsőoktatásban?
Authors: Harangi-Tóth Zoltán
Published: October 2024

Jelen publikáció célja, hogy rávilágítson, napjainkban hogyan változtak meg amerikai és brit behatásra a hadijátékok, és hogy bemutassa, a célra a leginkább alkalmas történelmi hadijátékok hogyan használhatók fel a katonai felsőoktatásban, milyen előnyökkel járna a képzésbe integrálásuk.
A migráció és a bűnözés viszonya a külföldiek által Németországban elkövetett bűncselekmények tendenciái alapján - 1. rész
Authors: Ritecz György
Published: October 2024

A félévtizedes távolság lehetővé teszi, hogy az adatok alapján, a politikai és média-megközelítéstől eltérő, az objektív valóságot hitelesebben bemutató vizsgálat eredményeképpen mutassuk be, miszerint a 2015-ös tömeges, irreguláris migráció hatással volt-e és ha igen hogyan hatott Németország bűnügyi helyzetére, pontosabban a bűnügyi adatokra.
Székely határőr gyalogezredek harcászata a XVIII. század végi háborúkban
Authors: Csikány Tamás
Published: October 2024

A székely határőr gyalogezredeket kettős céllal hozták létre, egyrészt a Keleti-Kárpátok átjáróinak védelmére és ellenőrzésére, másrészt háború idején a tábori hadsereg létszámának növelésére. A határőr alakulatokat rendszerint könnyű gyalogosokként alkalmaztak, de mivel el kellett sajátítaniuk a kötelékharccal kapcsolatos ismereteket is, így többször előfordult zárt harcrendű alkalmazásuk. Kérdés, hogy e csapatok képesek voltak-e mind két feladatnak megfelelni, a gyakorlásra fordítható kevesebb idő ellenére képesek voltak-e hasonló teljesítményt felmutatni, mint a sorgyalogság? A tanulmány e kérdésekre igyekszik választ találni a napóleoni hadművészet megjelenése előtti időben.
Uma análise da compreensão de metonímia em fase de aquisição da linguagem
Authors: Miorando Rafaeli , Siqueira Maity
Published: October 2024

Neste estudo, investigou-se a compreensão de metonímia com crianças de 3 a 8 anos de idade, replicando o método do estudo de Köder e Falkum (2020), agora sob a perspectiva da Linguística Cognitiva. Foram expostos 133 participantes, crianças e adultos, a um estímulo visual, que consiste em um conjunto de imagens, e outro auditivo, que consiste em uma vinheta literal ou metonímica. Os resultados obtidos corroboram parcialmente o resultado do estudo original (Köder; Falkum, 2020), em que houve uma diferença significativa na compreensão de metonímia nas diversas faixas etárias estudadas. Aqui, o nível de compreensão metonímica desta tarefa não passou a aumentar aos 6 anos de idade, como no estudo replicado. Além disso, o nível de compreensão das crianças de 8 anos não foi similar à compreensão do grupo de controle de adultos. Também foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as condições literal e metonímica no que concerne aos níveis de compreensão. A partir desse resultado geral, são formuladas algumas hipóteses e discutem-se questões que possam ter levado a esse resultado, envolvendo influências tanto etárias como linguístico culturais.
Impactos da Leitura Compartilhada no Desenvolvimento Linguístico na Educação Infantil - Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Da Silva Carmen Lucia , Peruzzi Elia da Mota Márcia Maria , Nórte Carlos Eduardo
Published: October 2024

A leitura compartilhada de livros na primeira infância é importante para o desenvolvimento linguístico das crianças. Entretanto, intervenções que usam a leitura compartilhada para desenvolver a linguagem oral e escrita das crianças têm demonstrado resultados conflitantes. Isso pode ocorrer devido aos diferentes delineamentos das intervenções. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi mapear estudos de intervenção sobre os efeitos da leitura compartilhada de livros de histórias no desenvolvimento linguístico de crianças na Educação Infantil. Para tanto, adotamos as estratégias de Revisão Sistemática da Literatura e seguimos o protocolo Preffered Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Foram realizadas buscas nas bases de dados Eric, Medline, Scielo, Pepsic, Psyc Info e Jstor Journals. Os grupos de palavras-chave que constaram em nossas pesquisas são: (“shared book reading” OR “dialogic reading” OR “Interactive reading” OR “emergent literacy” OR “early literacy”) AND (preschool OR “child education”) AND (reading OR literacy).  As etapas de seleção dos estudos foram realizadas por dois revisores independentes. Foram incluídos estudos de intervenção que se concentravam em histórias compartilhadas e desenvolvimento linguístico de crianças de três a seis anos de idade, publicados entre os anos de 2017 e 2022. Foram excluídos estudos que não atendiam aos critérios pré-determinados. A seleção final resultou em 16 artigos que foram analisados para identificar os efeitos da leitura compartilhada no desenvolvimento linguístico das crianças. Os resultados da análise dos estudos selecionados corroboram pesquisas anteriores que oferecem evidências de que a leitura compartilhada de livros contribui positivamente para o desenvolvimento linguístico das crianças.
Synthesis of detection tests for fuzzy automata with finite memory
Authors:   Russian University of Transport (MIIT), Speranskiy Dmitriy V.
Published: October 2024

The problem of test synthesis for fuzzy automata with finite memory is considered. The paper is based on the results obtained by the author earlier. They study linear automata (LA), a subclass of which are automata with finite memory (AFM). Both types of automata are used as models in diagnostics of discrete devices and in other applications. The advantages of LA are simplicity of realization and availability of developed mathematical apparatus for their study. AFMs allow describing the dependencies between inputs and outputs in the past and present moments of time without using states of the automata. This property is used in the development of finite-automation cryptosystems, in the generation of exhaustive tests for discrete devices, in the formulation of fuzzy rules of logical inference and others. The paper proposes a method for synthesis of detecting tests for fuzzy AFMs, based on reducing it to the case of its analog for crisp AFMs. Fuzzy AFM (as a subclass of LA) can be described using transition and output functions represented as equations with characteristic matrices. Fuzzy AFM is realized using matrices containing some fuzzy elements. These elements obtain values randomly from alternative sets given for them. The other (crisp) elements of the matrices are fixed values from the field GF(p), over which the AFM is defined. After all possible substitutions in the matrices of fuzzy AFM of all fuzzy elements (from alternative sets) we obtain a set of crisp automata describing the "behavior" of the considered fuzzy automaton under all possible "scenarios" of substitutions. Each faulty AFM is obtained by changing the values of the elements of its characteristic matrices. As a set of admissible faults, all possible changes in these matrices obtained by substitutions and insertion of fault introduction are considered. Now we can use the method of test synthesis proposed earlier by the author of the submitted paper, organizing the procedure of sequential analysis and comparison of "behavior" of crisp pairs (faultless AFM, faulty AFM). The AFMs obtained after substitutions should be used sequentially as faultless AFMs and as faulty AFMs after faults have been introduced. Conclusions about the faultless AFM or the presence of a fault in it are made on the basis of analyzing the totality of the results obtained. A generalization of the synthesis method proposed earlier by the author of the submitted paper the is described for µ-defined (and synchronizable) AFMs. The method is based on obtaining tests as solutions of systems of linear equations, for which there is a well-developed mathematical apparatus in algebra.
IS-THE graphs usage to analyze hierarchical data structures
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Babanov Alexey M. , Kvach Elena S. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: October 2024

The article defines the general principles for representing hierarchical structures, such as specializations and categorizations in data models, and class hierarchies in OOP. This representation allows a deeper analysis of the semantics of the subject area and solving the problem of optimal universal implementation of these structures in database systems and object-oriented applications. The possibility for such a generalization is provided by IS-THE relations and IS-THE mappings, on the basis of which IS-THE graphs are constructed. The selection of subgraphs of these graphs according to certain rules generates types of hierarchical structures known in computer science: a single inheritance hierarchy (a specialization hierarchy), a selective inheritance graph (a two-level categorization graph), a two-level multiple inheritance graph.
CONFIGURACIÓN Y NATURALEZA JURÍDICA DE LA DONACIÓN Y DE SUS DIVERSAS MODALIDADES EN EL VIGENTE CÓDIGO CIVIL ESPAÑOL
Authors: Acedo Penco Ángel
Published: October 2024

El presente trabajo aborda una materia muy específica y a la vez clásica dentro deinstituciones del Derecho civil como es la donación, figura que nuestro sistema la encuadra entre los contratos, pese a que el Código civil español la ubique sistemáticamenteentre los modos de adquirir la propiedad, justo antes de tratar las materias relativas a lassucesiones por causa de muerte o hereditarias. Además del análisis de la naturaleza jurídica de la donación pura y simple, así como su configuración, se estudian también hastauna decena de modalidades o tipos especiales de donación, dibujando los perfiles de lanaturaleza jurídica y los efectos que se derivan de cada uno de tales tipos específicos.Además de seguir todo lo anterior glosando los preceptos legales el estudio se acompañade una nutrida jurisprudencia, junto a la doctrina más cualificada en materia de donaciones para terminar con una útil reseña bibliográfica de carácter específico.
Sinai SCENT TMC- Methylation Array (EPIC) v1
Authors: Kim Sojin
Published: October 2024

High throughput, proven procedure for bisulfite conversion of DNA 96-well desulphonation and recovery of bisulfite-treated DNA
Fact-Checkers on the Fringe: Investigating Methods and Practices Associated With Contested Areas of Fact-Checking
Authors: Montaña-Niño Silvia , Vziatysheva Victoria , Dehghan Ehsan , Badola Anand , Zhu Guangnan , Vinhas Otávio , Riedlinger Michelle , Glazunova Sofya
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the methods and practices used by self-identified fact-checkers situated on the fringe of the field of fact-checking to support their agenda for public recognition and legitimacy. Using a case study approach and selecting nine cases across five countries (Russia, Brazil, India, China, and Singapore), we identify the most common distinguishable attributes and tactics associated with this ambiguous collection of actors. In addition to identifying how fringe fact-checkers weaponize fact-checking practices and exploit or mimic the social standing of accredited fact-checkers, we critique examples where state-supported fact-checkers associated with authoritarian governance structures fact-check for national interests. We propose a spectrum of fact-checkers including those where public or general interest fact-checkers follow journalistic ideals and align with accredited communities of practice or non-accredited peer recognition, and a collection of fringe fact-checkers ranging from “special interest” actors promoting specific political agendas to hostile actors with disruptive, destructive, and openly propagandistic interests and aims to destabilize the global public sphere. The article contributes to current research and debates about the institutionalization of fact-checking and the understudied area of fact-checking impersonation, a problematic activity associated with misinformation and propaganda on platforms and the internet.
Serum proteins as predictors of the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy
Authors: Tikhonova O. A. , Druzhininа E. S. , Tuchina O. P. , Druzhinin D. S. , Doktorova S. A.
Published: October 2024

Background. The development of polyneuropathy in the context of cytotoxic drug administration is a common neurological complication that can significantly impair patients’ quality of life and limit the use of chemotherapy. The difficulties in predicting the manifestations and severity of neurological complications are due to multiple factors, including individual patient characteristics, the type and dosage of the drug used, as well as the presence of comorbid conditions. In recent years, researchers have focused on identifying serum biomarkers that may aid in the early diagnosis and monitoring of Сhemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy. Understanding their role in the development of polyneuropathy may open new avenues for developing strategies for the prevention and treatment of this complication, which, in turn, could enhance treatment efficacy and improve patients’ quality of life. This review is dedicated to biomarkers and their clinical significance in the development of Сhemotherapy induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

Aim. To analyze and summarize the current understanding of serum biological markers of Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy based on literature data.

Materials and methods. The literature search was performed using the following databases: PubMed, Medline. Systematic reviews, publications of original studies and meta-analyses between 2000 and 2023 were included in the analysis.

Results. Over the past decades, new insights in to the role of biomarkers in the development of Chemotherapy-induced Peripheral Neuropathy have emerged, among which neurofilaments are more specific. The use of readily available and ultra-sensitive techniques for measuring biomarker concentrations will allow early prediction and prevention of this complication.

Conclusion. The analysis of literature data has shown the high relevance of the role of biomarkers in the damage of peripheral nervous system structures, which may in the near future affect the management tactics and in turn improve the quality of life of cancer patients.
Analysis of changes in the levels of soluble molecules CD50, CD54 and CD95 in the blood serum of patients with uterine fibroids depending on the characteristics of the disease (pilot study)
Authors: Alyasova A. V. , Mamaeva M. E. , Kubysheva N. I. , Novikov V. V.
Published: October 2024

Background. Currently, the search for circulating immunological and inflammatory markers that play a significant role in the pathogenesis of uterine fibroids (UF) is relevant.

Aim. Changes in the serum levels of soluble molecules CD50 (sCD50), CD54 (sCD54) and CD95 (sCD95) in patients with UF depending on the characteristics of the disease.

Materials and methods. The study involved 78 patients with UF aged 31–59 years and 45 clinically healthy women of comparable age. The patients were divided into the following groups depending on the localization of the myomatous node: interstitial-subserous localization (n = 17), subserous localization (n = 16), submucosal localization (n = 15), interstitial-submucosal localization (n = 15), interstitial localization (n = 15). In 34.6 % patients, the number of myoma nodes was 4–6, in 46.2 % women there were 2–3 nodes, in 19.2 % – 1 node.

Determination of the serum concentration of sCD50, sCD54 and sCD95 molecules was performed using a two-site enzyme immunoassay and expressed in conventional units (U / ml).

Results. The average serum concentration of sCD95, sCD54 and sCD50 in all patients with UF was significantly higher than in the control group (p <0.05). The maximum level of the tested molecules was found in UF patients with submucosal localization and the presence of one myomatous node.

Conclusions. The detected increase in sCD50, sCD54 and sCD95 levels in UF patients indicates the participation of these proteins in the immunopathogenesis of this pathology. The imbalance in studied proteins levels is most pronounced in submucosal localization of fibroids, which may indicate an unfavorable course of the disease and serve as an additional criterion for selecting patients in the preoperative period.
Study and selection of optimal rheological characteristics of piracetam gel compositions for intranasal use
Authors: Stepanova E. F. , Kovtun E. V. , Bunyatyan N. D. , Dadou Moneb M. Y. , Privalov I. M. , Pleten A. P.
Published: October 2024

Background. One of the important areas of pharmaceutical research is the creation of new, as well as improvement of existing, in-demand dosage forms, using already known drugs as active substances. Current issues are the development of drugs that activate the integrative properties and functions of the brain, as well as increase the body’s resistance to aggressive influences. Nootropics, namely piracetam and its analogues, are successfully used in neurological, psychiatric and drug treatment practice. At the same time, the intranasal route of administration is attractive for combined and longterm therapy of these diseases. when developing new intranasal compositions, the issues of choosing the optimal combination of excipients that allow the dosage form to be easily distributed in the nasal cavity must be resolved. The selection of optimal compositions based on consistency properties is possible on the basis of rheological research data, which allows not only to predict the properties of the dosage form being developed, but also to select the required composition and ratio of components. In addition, an important indicator of the quality of soft dosage forms that affects consumer properties is their stability during transportation and storage, as well as such an indicator as spreadability.

Aim. Selection of the optimal composition of the gel with piracetam based on rheological characteristics and predicting the thermal and colloidal stability of the gel structure.

Materials and methods. Carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan and carbopol were chosen as the gel base. The rheological characteristics of the samples were studied by rotational viscometry on a Fungilab Premium viscometer (Spain). Data were obtained and collected using Fungilab Data Boss software; additional data processing was carried out using Microsoft Excel.

Results. The gelling agent was selected and its rheological characteristics were determined.

Conclusion. The optimal composition of excipients piracetam gel was selected taking into account the basic rheological parameters.
Standardized A-echography in the diagnostics of eye diseases
Authors: Bedretdinov Aleksei N. , Kiseleva Tatiana N.
Published: October 2024

The development and the improvement of new imaging methods are current trends in ophthalmology. The literature review is devoted to the use of standardized A-echography in the diagnostics of ocular pathology. The history of the development of this method, the basic principles of obtaining A-sonograms, the features of the qualitative and quantitative assessments of pathological changes in the structures of the eye based on echographic data are presented. Standardized A-echography is most widely used in the diagnostics of vitreoretinal pathology, intraocular mass (choroidal melanoma, choroidal hemangioma, non-tumor formations) and assessment of orbital structures (optic nerve, extraocular muscles, orbital tumors).
Sublimbal orbital fat transposition in neurotrophic keratopathy: a case series
Authors: Potemkin Vitaliy V. , Prokopchuk Vera S. , Astakhov Sergey Yu. , Anikina Liliia K. , Petukhov Vladimir V. , Varganova Tatiana S.
Published: October 2024

Neurotrophic keratopathy is a progressive condition resulting from corneal denervation, leading to the development and persistence of corneal ulcers. Among the pathogenetic treatment methods there are corneal neurotization, a technically challenging approach associated with a prolonged rehabilitation period, and the usage of recombinant human nerve growth factor (cenegermin), which is practically inaccessible due to its high cost and lack of registration in Russian Federation. We propose a technique of orbital fat transposition to the sclerocorneal pocket for the treatment of persistent ulcers associated with neurotrophic keratopathy. This method is based on neuronal embryology of orbital adipose tissue, as well as the abundance of neurotrophic factors and stem cells. This method was applied to three patients with different etiologies of neurotrophic keratopathy, reaching the observation endpoint in two months after the operation. Visual acuity was ranging from 0.005 to 0.01. All patients received standard therapy for 1–2 months without significant improvement. Surgery was then performed using the proposed technique, which involves repositioning the medial and central orbital fat pads into the sclerocorneal pocket. In the postoperative period, partial epithelialization was observed in all patients during the first week, followed by complete healing and scar formation. The maximum visual acuity in 2 months ranged from 0.06 to 0.3.
Actual opportunistic ocular surface microflora and its sensitivity to antimicrobials and bacteriophages in patients with cataracts
Authors: Bogdanova Tatiana Yu. , Kulikov Alexei N. , Kraeva Liudmila А.
Published: October 2024

Background: Species of opportunistic microflora often are the pathogenic agents that causes endophthalmitis in cataract surgery. Frequently microorganisms are characterized by resistance to several antimicrobial medicaments, which limits the ability to choose an effective agent. This problem requires a detailed study and monitoring of the sensitivity of ocular surface microflora.
Aim: To study the species composition of the ocular surface microflora patients before phacoemulsification and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial medicaments including antiseptics and bacteriophages.
Materials and methods: A total of 60 patients were examined before phacoemulsification. The sensitivity to antimicrobial medicaments and bacteriophages was determined of microorganisms isolated from three loci (conjunctival cavity, eyelid margin, lacrimal ducts).
Results: Among all microorganisms isolated, there was a significant prevalence of Staphylococcus epidermidis — 48,4 %. Almost all antiseptics showed high antimicrobial activity. All staphylococci cultures were sensitive to staphylococcal bacteriophage number 2. The smallest proportion of resistant microorganisms to antimicrobial medicaments used in ophthalmology was registered in the group of aminoglycosides.
Conclusions: Antimicrobial activity of the investigated medicaments was different among different bacterial species. The sensitivity of microflora changes over time, therefore it is appropriate to carry out periodic monitoring and adjust antimicrobial prophylaxis regimens based on the results received.
Dmitry S. Gorbachev – the path of a military doctor
Authors: Kulikov Alexei N. , Leongardt Tatyana A. , Volkova Larisa I. , Kol'bin Aleksei A.
Published: October 2024

The name of Dmitry S. Gorbachev has a worthy place in the list of teachers and ophthalmic surgeons of the Department of Ophthalmology of the Kirov Military Medical Academy and military ophthalmology in general.D.S. Gorbachev dedicated his life to military medicine, training and education of future military doctors. He is a student of Professor V.V. Volkov, and was deeply immersed in the complex problem of orbital surgery. At the Department, D.S. Gorbachev, due to his deep scientific immersion in the problem, brought the field of orbital surgery to a modern multidisciplinary level. He constantly passed on his knowledge and skills to his students, who are currently continuing his work.