bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preliminary Insights into 3D Cheiloscopy for Forensic Applications: A Pilot Study
Authors: Di Vita Emanuele , Cacioppo Antonino , Sciarra Fabio Massimo , Messina Pietro , Cumbo Enzo Maria , Caivano Giovanni , Zerbo Stefania , Argo Antonina , Albano Giuseppe Davide , Scardina Giuseppe Alessandro
Published: February 2025

Background: Cheiloscopy, a forensic technique based on the uniqueness of labial traces, has traditionally relied on analog methods. While simple, these methods present significant limitations in terms of precision and reproducibility. The introduction of 3D technology, specifically high-resolution optical scanners, represents a pivotal advancement in overcoming these challenges. Objective: This pilot study aimed to explore the feasibility and potential advantages of 3D cheiloscopy in forensic science by analyzing its precision and repeatability compared to traditional analog methods. Methods: Two participants were selected as a pilot sample, and their lip impressions were captured using both analog techniques and a high-resolution intraoral scanner (Medit i700). A total of 40 samples were collected, equally distributed among operators with varying levels of experience. Surface deviation analysis was performed to compare the methods. Results: The 3D models demonstrated greater uniformity and resolution compared to the analog impressions, which were more prone to errors caused by material quality or operator pressure. Surface deviation analysis showed an average similarity of 70%, with a standard deviation of 0.229 mm. The digital methods also significantly reduced operator-dependent variability. Conclusions: This pilot study highlights the potential of 3D cheiloscopy to improve precision and standardization in forensic applications. While the small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings, the results provide a foundation for further research with larger and more diverse datasets. Future studies should explore the capability of 3D cheiloscopy to accurately match individuals and further validate its applicability in forensic and clinical contexts.
Deep Learning Utilization for In-Line Monitoring of an Additive Co-Extrusion Process Based on Evaluation of Laser Profiler Data
Authors: Lang Valentin , Herrmann Christian Thomas Ernst , Fuchs Mirco , Ihlenfeldt Steffen
Published: February 2025

Additive manufacturing is gaining importance in a number of application areas, and there is an increased demand for mechanically resilient components. A way to improve the mechanical properties of parts made of thermoplastics is by using reinforcing material. The study demonstrates the development of a monitoring procedure for a fused filament fabrication-based co-extrusion process for manufacturing wire-reinforced thermoplastic components. Test components in two variants are produced, and data acquisition is carried out with a laser line scanner. The collected data are employed to train deep neural networks to classify the printed layers, aiming for the deep neural networks to be able to classify four different classes and identify layers with insufficient quality. A dedicated convolutional neural network is designed taking into account various factors such as layer architecture, data pre-processing and optimization methods. Several network architectures, including transfer learning (based on VGG16 and ResNet50), with and without fine-tuning, are compared in terms of their performance based on the F1 score. Both the transfer learning model with ResNet50 and the fine-tuning model achieve an F1 score of 84% and 83%, respectively, for the decisive class ‘wire bad’ classifying inadequate reinforcement.
Use of Black Pepper Essential Oil to Produce a Healthier Chicken Pâté
Authors: Rodrigues Sandra S. Q. , Leite Ana , Vasconcelos Lia , Pereira Etelvina , Seixas Natália L. , Estevinho Leticia , Teixeira Alfredo
Published: February 2025

This study aims to explore the effect of using black pepper essential oil (BPEO) to produce a healthier chicken pâté. Four different formulations were produced: a control formulation without back pepper and three with increasing BPEO contents. To test the effect of using BPEO, physiochemical analyses were performed at two different moments, 8 and 21 days after production. Microbiological analyses were performed 2, 9, 16, and 23 days after production. Sensory analysis to evaluate the pleasantness of the pâtés to consumers was performed 21 days after production. Finally, total phenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Results show no significant physicochemical differences. Pâtés with no BPEO or black garlic were the most pleasant, but 0.3 or 0.5% of BPEO were not significantly less appreciated, while 1% of the EO caused a decrease in taste and global appreciation. The higher the BPEO content, the higher the phenol content, antioxidant (with an increase from 1.58 to 2.27 mg eq. Fe II/g of sample, in the Control at T23 and V3 at T23, respectively), and microbial activity (with total mesophiles count reduction from 5.91 to 5.21 log CFU/g sample in V3 from T9 to T16). The use of 1% of BPEO showed a significant effect on the reduction in mesophile counts for at least two weeks. These results highlight the potential for optimizing BPEO or black garlic content to ensure both consumer acceptance and enhanced functional properties. While further analysis will help pinpoint the best formulation, the current findings are a promising step towards achieving an optimal balance.
Automated Gluten Detection in Bread Images Using Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Elyashar Aviad , Paradise Vit Abigail , Sebbag Guy , Khaytin Alex , Zakai Avi
Published: February 2025

Celiac disease and gluten sensitivity affect a significant portion of the population and require adherence to a gluten-free diet. Dining in social settings, such as family events, workplace gatherings, or restaurants, makes it difficult to ensure that certain foods are gluten-free. Despite the availability of portable gluten testing devices, these instruments have high costs, disposable capsules, depend on user preparation and technique, and cannot analyze an entire meal or detect gluten levels below the legal thresholds, potentially leading to inaccurate results. In this study, we propose RGB (Recognition of Gluten in Bread), a novel deep learning-based method for automatically detecting gluten in bread images. RGB is a decision-support tool to help individuals with celiac disease make informed dietary choices. To develop this method, we curated and annotated three unique datasets of bread images collected from Pinterest, Instagram, and a custom dataset containing information about flour types. Fine-tuning pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on the Pinterest dataset, our best-performing model, ResNet50V2, achieved 77% accuracy and recall. Transfer learning was subsequently applied to adapt the model to the Instagram dataset, resulting in 78% accuracy and 77% recall. Finally, further fine-tuning the model on a significantly different dataset, the custom bread dataset, significantly improved the performance, achieving an accuracy of 86%, precision of 87%, recall of 86%, and F1-score of 86%. Our analysis further revealed that the model performed better on gluten-free flours, achieving higher accuracy scores for these types. This study demonstrates the feasibility of image-based gluten detection in bread and highlights its potential to provide a cost-effective non-invasive alternative to traditional testing methods by allowing individuals with celiac disease to receive immediate feedback on potential gluten content in their meals through simple food photography.
Applying Machine Learning to Preselective Weighing of Moving Vehicles
Authors: Kowaleczko Paweł , Kamiński Tomasz , Rychlicki Mariusz , Kasprzyk Zbigniew , Stawowy Marek , Trzeszkowski Jacek
Published: February 2025

The paper presents the general characteristics of weighing systems for vehicles in motion. A number of problems and constraints that accompany these systems to ensure adequate accuracy in the operation of these systems are pointed out. The efficient operation of WIM systems is also related to the proper preselection of vehicles for weighing in motion. The next part of the paper presents the basic classification and characteristics of machine learning algorithms, as well as examples of applications and implementations of these algorithms in various industries. The paper presents a model based on the XGBoost algorithm for estimating the weight of vehicles in motion, taking into account key characteristics of vehicles. The model was tested on large datasets from two locations in Poland, achieving high accuracy rates. The results indicate the model’s potential in optimizing preselection systems, allowing for the effective identification of overloaded vehicles. Future work will focus on testing the model at other locations to verify its scalability and operational efficiency.
Establishment of Fatty Acid Profile and Comparative Analysis of Volatile Substances in Regular and DHA-Biofortified Raw Milk
Authors: Jin Shaohong , Ba Genna , Zou Jianmin , Chen Chong , He Jian , Wang Pengjie , Zhu Yinhua
Published: February 2025

This study aimed to establish fatty acid profiles of regular raw milk and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-biofortified raw milk and to compare the volatile substance composition of the two types of raw milk. The fatty acid composition of the two types of raw milk was analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC). The results revealed the absence of C15:1, C17:1, C18:2, C22:1, and C24:1 in both types of raw milk, while C20:3 and C22:6 were exclusively found in DHA-biofortified raw milk. The fatty acid levels generally followed a pattern of initial increase and subsequent decrease during lactation, with higher concentrations of short- and medium-chain fatty acids being observed in regular raw milk. The C16:0, C18:3, C20:3, and C20:5 contents in the two types of raw milk varied significantly at different lactation stages. The gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of the volatile substances revealed the presence of aldehydes, ketones, esters, acids, and sulfur-containing compounds. The volatile substance content in the DHA-biofortified raw milk was generally higher than that in the regular raw milk, which was attributed to the elevated levels of unsaturated fatty acids in biofortified DHA raw milk.
Modelling Pollutant Dispersion in Urban Canyons to Enhance Air Quality and Urban Planning
Authors: Ruda Sarria Francisco , Guerrero Delgado MCarmen , Monge Palma Rafael , Palomo Amores Teresa , Sánchez Ramos José , Álvarez Domínguez Servando
Published: February 2025

Air pollution in urban street canyons presents a serious health risk, especially in densely populated areas. While previous research has explored airflow characteristics in these canyons, it often lacks detailed data on pollutant dispersion and the effects of wind speed on airflow patterns and vortex formation. This study uses Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) to deliver quantitative measurements of pollutant dispersion rates and qualitative insights into airflow patterns across various street canyon morphologies. The analysis examines a range of aspect ratios (ARs), from wide (AR = 0.75) to narrow (AR = 4.5), and different wind speeds to evaluate their effects on pollutant dispersion. Findings indicate that purging flow rates decline as the AR increases, with a more pronounced decrease at lower AR values. In narrower streets, airflow patterns are particularly sensitive to wind velocity, leading to unexpected vortices that hinder effective pollutant dispersion. By incorporating these insights into urban design strategies, cities can enhance street ventilation, thereby reducing pollutant concentrations and improving public health. This study also tests a specific street layout in Seville to predict pollutant accumulation under various conditions, assessing health risks based on World Health Organization guidelines. Ultimately, this research aids in developing healthier, more sustainable urban environments.
A Supervised Approach for Land Use Identification in Trento Using Mobile Phone Data as an Alternative to Unsupervised Clustering Techniques
Authors: Mendoza-Hurtado Manuel , Cerruela-García Gonzalo , Ortiz-Boyer Domingo
Published: February 2025

This study explores land use classification in Trento using supervised learning techniques combined with call detail records (CDRs) as a proxy for human activity. Located in an alpine environment, Trento presents unique geographic challenges, including varied terrain and sparse network coverage, making it an ideal case for testing the robustness of supervised learning approaches. By analyzing spatiotemporal patterns in CDRs, we trained and evaluated several classification algorithms, including k-nearest neighbors (kNN), support vector machines (SVM), and random forests (RF), to map land use categories, such as home, work, and forest. A comparative analysis highlights the performance of each method, emphasizing the strengths of RF in capturing complex patterns, its good generalization ability, and the usage of kNN with different distance measures. Our supervised machine-learning approach outperforms unsupervised clustering techniques by capturing complex patterns and achieving higher accuracy. Results demonstrate the potential of CDRs for urban planning, offering a cost-effective approach for fine-grained land use monitoring with the particularities of Trento, as its landscape combines urban areas, agricultural fields, and forested regions, reflecting its alpine setting, in contrast with other metropolitan regions.
An Integrated Study of Highway Pavement Subsidence Using Ground-Based Geophysical and Satellite Methods
Authors: Frid Michael , Helman Amit , Sharf Dror , Frid Vladi , Elias Wafa , Blumberg Dan G.
Published: February 2025

This study investigates highway pavement subsidence along Road 431, Israel, using an integrated geophysical framework that combines Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR), Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), and Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT). These methods address the limitations of standalone techniques by correlating surface subsidence patterns with subsurface anomalies. InSAR identified surface subsidence rates of up to −2.7 cm/year, pinpointing subsidence hotspots, while GPR detected disintegrated fill layers and air voids, and ERT revealed resistivity anomalies at depths of 50–100 m linked to karstic cavities and water infiltration. Validation through borehole drilling confirmed structural heterogeneity, specifically identifying karstic voids in limestone layers and weathered chalk layers that align with the geophysical findings. The findings highlight the complex interplay of geological and hydrological processes driving ground instability, exacerbated by groundwater fluctuations. This study demonstrates the novelty of combining surface and subsurface monitoring methods, offering a detailed diagnostic framework for understanding and mitigating geotechnical risks in transportation infrastructure.
A Novel 3D-Printed Training Platform for Ossiculoplasty with Objective Performance Evaluation
Authors: Emiliani Nicolas , Molinari Giulia , Bortolani Barbara , Lotto Cecilia , Burato Arianna , D’Azzeo Rossana , Anschuetz Lukas , Fernandez Ignacio Javier , Presutti Livio , Molteni Gabriele , Cercenelli Laura , Marcelli Emanuela
Published: February 2025

Ossiculoplasty (OPL) aims to restore ossicular chain continuity to improve hearing in patients with conductive or mixed hearing loss, often performed during tympanoplasty. The current training methods, including cadaveric temporal bone models, face challenges such as limited availability, high costs, and biological risks, prompting the exploration of alternative models. This study introduces a novel training platform for OPL using 3D-printed temporal bones and incudes, including a magnified (3:1) model to enhance skill acquisition. Sixty medical students were divided into two groups: one trained on magnified models before transitioning to real-sized ones, and the other used only real-sized models. Training performance was quantitatively assessed using post-remodeling cone-beam CT imaging and mesh distance analysis. The results showed a significant improvement in performance for students with preliminary training on magnified models (87% acceptable results vs. 37%, p = 0.001). Qualitative feedback indicated higher confidence and skill ratings in the magnified model group. This study highlights the effectiveness of scalable, anatomically accurate synthetic models for complex surgical training. While further validation is required with experienced trainees and broader scenarios, the findings support the integration of 3D printing technologies into otologic education, offering a cost-effective, reproducible, and innovative approach to enhancing surgical preparedness.
Climatology, Diversity, and Variability of Quasi-Biweekly to Intraseasonal Extreme Temperature Events in Hong Kong from 1885 to 2022
Authors: Kong Hoiio , Wu Kechen , Chan Pak Wai , Liu Jinping , Zhang Banglin , Leung Jeremy Cheuk-Hin
Published: February 2025

In July 2023, 19 continuous days of very hot days in Hong Kong brought inconvenience to citizens and disasters to society. This long-lasting heat wave event is closely linked to the atmospheric variability on the quasi-biweekly to intraseasonal timescales. While extreme weather has aroused the attention of scientists and society, limited studies focus on quasi-biweekly to intraseasonal extreme (QBIE) weather. Thus, to address this issue, this study aims at examining the climatology and long-term variability of these QBIE events in Hong Kong. This study serves as one of the very few fundamental works that construct a century-long record of QBIE temperature events, based on in situ observation in Hong Kong, and further examines the climatology, diversity, and variability of these QBIE temperature events. A total of 382 QBIE heat waves and 510 QBIE cold surges are identified from 1885 to 2022, exhibiting various characteristics in their occurring time and seasonality. Based on ARIMA model and time series analyses, we find that while apparent interannual variability exists in QBIE heat wave and cold surge activity, short-term climate prediction of QBIE temperature events based on past patterns or common climate indices is largely unfeasible. This research provides a valuable historical reference for understanding QBIE weather in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area and highlights the need for further studies on the predictability of QBIE weather in the future.
Generalized Stability of a General Septic Functional Equation
Authors: Jin Sun-Sook , Lee Yang-Hi
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we generalize previous results on the generalized stability of the general septic functional equation Δy8f(x)=0 for all x,y∈V.
Quantifying Resilience in Single-Host/Single-Virus Infections
Authors: Hour Socheata , Pierce Andrew , Heng Sobroney Ying , Plymale Ruth , Ceballos Ruben Michael
Published: February 2025

Due to theoretical and practical applications in biomedical, environmental, and industrial microbiology, robust metrics for quantifying the virulence of pathogens is vital. For many virus–host systems, multiple virus strains propagate through host populations. Each strain may exhibit a different virulence level. Likewise, different hosts may manifest different levels of host resilience to infection by a given virus. Recent publications have assessed metrics for quantifying virulence (VR) from growth curve data. Regardless of the metric used, a feature that most methods have in common is focus on the exponential growth phase of virus–host interactions. Often ignored is mortality phase. Following a report introducing the Stacy–Ceballos Inhibition Index (ISC), a robust metric to quantify relative virulence (VR) between viruses, we have turned attention to quantifying relative resilience (RR) between hosts in single-virus/single-host (SVSH) experimental infections. Although resilience during viral infection impacts the entire host growth curve, RR has particular biological significance during the mortality phase. In this report, we argue that calculating RR using a modified ISC provides a robust metric for comparisons between SVSH infections. Wet lab data from fusellovirus infections in Sulfolobales, bacteriophage infections in Mycobacteriales, and simulated infected-host growth profiles form the basis for developing this metric, RR, for quantifying resilience.
Impaired Prosodic Processing but Not Hearing Function Is Associated with an Age-Related Reduction in AI Speech Recognition
Authors: Herrmann Björn , Cui Mo Eric
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Voice artificial intelligence (AI) technology is becoming increasingly common. Recent work indicates that middle-aged to older adults are less able to identify modern AI speech compared to younger adults, but the underlying causes are unclear. Methods: The current study with younger and middle-aged to older adults investigated factors that could explain the age-related reduction in AI speech identification. Experiment 1 investigated whether high-frequency information in speech—to which middle-aged to older adults often have less access due sensitivity loss at high frequencies—contributes to age-group differences. Experiment 2 investigated whether an age-related reduction in the ability to process prosodic information in speech predicts the reduction in AI speech identification. Results: Results for Experiment 1 show that middle-aged to older adults are less able to identify AI speech for both full-bandwidth speech and speech for which information above 4 kHz is removed, making the contribution of high-frequency hearing loss unlikely. Experiment 2 shows that the ability to identify AI speech is greater in individuals who also show a greater ability to identify emotions from prosodic speech information, after accounting for hearing function and self-rated experience with voice-AI systems. Conclusions: The current results suggest that the ability to identify AI speech is related to the accurate processing of prosodic information.
r-Free Convolution and Variance Function
Authors: Alshqaq Shokrya S. , Fakhfakh Raouf , Alshahrani Fatimah
Published: February 2025

The concept of r-free convolution (which is represented by r) was introduced for 0≤r≤1. It is equal to the Boolean additive convolution ⊎ if r=0 and reduced to the free additive convolution ⊞ when r=1. This paper presents certain features of the r-free convolution in relation to the CSK families and their associated variance functions. We provide the variance function formula under r-convolution power. We then estimate members of the r-free Gaussian and r-free Poisson CSK families using the variance function and the r-convolution, respectively. Additionally, a novel limit theorem for the r-convolution is provided utilizing the variance functions and the free multiplicative convolution.
Rising Trends of Urinary Infections Among Pregnant Women: Insights from a Portuguese Hospital (2018–2022)
Authors: Rodrigues Francisco , Coelho Patrícia , Mateus Sónia , Eideh Hatem , Gonçalves Teresa , Caseiro Armando , Castelo Branco Miguel
Published: February 2025

This study explores the prevalence and antibiotic resistance of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in pregnant women in central Portugal. A retrospective observational study was conducted on 201 positive urine cultures from pregnant women at a hospital center between January 2018 and December 2022. The data collected included age, hospital admission source, history of antibiotic therapy, catheterization status, identity of bacterial isolates, and their antibiotic profile. The most common bacterial strains were Escherichia coli (52.4%) and Streptococcus agalactiae (16.9%). In terms of antibiotic resistance, Escherichia coli demonstrated complete sensitivity to ertapenem, while Streptococcus agalactiae showed sensitivity to four antibiotics, including trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. Notably, most infections occurred in the third trimester, underscoring the need for continuous monitoring throughout pregnancy. This study emphasizes the importance of tailored treatment strategies to manage UTIs in pregnancy effectively, reducing the potential maternal and fetal complications. These findings contribute to regional data on UTI management in pregnant populations and aim to support improved healthcare practices. These regional data provide a solid foundation for optimizing healthcare practices in pregnant women, suggesting targeted approaches to combat antibiotic resistance and improve maternal–fetal safety during UTI treatment.
Structural Rearrangement of the Olfactory Epithelium in Male Baikal Yellowfin Sculpins Across the Reproductive Period
Authors: Klimenkov Igor V. , Pastukhov Mikhail V. , Chang Hung-Ming , Renn Ting-Yi , Sudakov Nikolay P.
Published: February 2025

The morphological peculiarities of receptor neurons and support cells in the olfactory epithelium of male yellowfin sculpin (Cottocomephorus grewingkii; Dybowski, 1874) were studied during the pre-spawning, spawning (when males do not feed and have a higher sensitivity to female pheromones), and guarding (the fertilized eggs) periods. This study was performed using electron transmission and laser confocal microscopy. Structural changes in the fish olfactory epithelium are associated with the shift in olfactory signals from alimentary to pheromonal. These results expand our knowledge of the odorant-dependent plasticity of the periphery of the fish olfactory system.
The Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 3 of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Is a Disordered Protein Capable of Binding to Lipids Derived from Chloroplasts
Authors: Pavia Natalia , Potenza Alberto , Hornos Felipe , Poveda José A. , Gonorazky Gabriela , Neira José L. , Giudici Ana M. , Beligni María Verónica
Published: February 2025

Understanding triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism is crucial for developing algae as a source of biodiesel. TAGs are the main reservoir of energy in most eukaryotes. The final, rate-limiting step in the formation of TAGs is catalyzed by 1,2-diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs). In the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, DGAT3 is phylogenetically related to plant DGAT3 but unrelated to other DGATs from eukaryotes, such as DGAT1 and DGAT2. In this study, we described the conformational preferences and the lipid-binding features of the DGAT3 from C. reinhardtii. To characterize its conformational stability and structural features, we used several biophysical probes, namely, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Our results showed that the protein was mainly disordered, containing a small population of folded conformations in a narrow pH range (pH 8 to 10). The conformational stability of the folded structure of DGAT3 was very low, as shown by urea or guanidinium denaturations. Thermal denaturation, followed by fluorescence or CD, as well as calorimetric denaturation, followed by DSC, did not yield any transition in the pH range where DGAT3 acquired a “native-like” conformation. Furthermore, we used two approaches to demonstrate the interaction of DGAT3 with lipid membranes at the pH at which it had acquired a “native-like” conformation. The first involved the measurement of anisotropy and fluorescence quenching of the protein. The second approach focused on examining possible modifications of the biophysical properties of lipids due to their interaction with DGAT3, through anisotropy measurements and leakage assays. Both methods produced consistent results, suggesting that DGAT3 preferentially interacted with negatively charged membranes. These results will allow the design of a more efficient and stable DGAT3, as well as an in-depth understanding of how the metabolism of TAGs is accomplished in C. reinhardtii.
The Emerging Role of m6A and Programmed Cell Death in Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Wang Haixia , Han Juanjuan , Kong Hui , Ma Ce , Zhang Xin-an
Published: February 2025

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most prevalent internal chemical modification in eukaryotic messenger RNA (mRNA), significantly impacting its lifecycle through dynamic and reversible processes involving methyltransferase, demethylase, and binding proteins. These processes regulate mRNA stability, splicing, nuclear export, translation, and degradation. Programmed cell death (PCD), a tightly controlled process encompassing apoptosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, autophagy, and necroptosis, plays a crucial role in maintaining cellular homeostasis, tissue development, and function. Recently, m6A modification has emerged as a significant research area due to its role in regulating PCD and its implications in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). In this review, we delve into the intricate relationship between various PCD types and m6A modification, emphasizing their pivotal roles in the initiation and progression of CVDs such as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R), atherosclerosis (AS), pulmonary hypertension (PH), cardiomyopathy, doxorubicin (Dox)-induced cardiotoxicity (DIC), heart failure (HF), and myocardial infarction (MI). Our findings underscore the potential of elucidating the roles of m6A and PCD in CVD to pave new pathways for prevention and treatment strategies.
Bi2O2Se Nanosheets for Efficient Piezocatalytic H2O2 Production
Authors: Li Shun , Liu Xinbo , Zhang Xinyue , Liu Yong
Published: February 2025

Piezocatalysis is a promising technology for converting mechanical energy to chemical energy. Two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric materials, with their large surface area, high charge mobility, and good flexibility, are among the most promising candidates in piezocatalysis. In this work, for the first time, we report Bi2O2Se nanosheets (NSs) with an average thickness of ~8 nm and a lateral size of ~160 nm for efficient piezocatalytic H2O2 production from water and oxygen under mechanical force induced by ultrasonication. The Bi2O2Se NSs achieved a high H2O2 production rate of 1033.8 μmol/g/h using ethanol as the sacrificial agent, significantly surpassing that of its bulk-sheet counterpart. Our results provide a novel potential 2D piezocatalytic material and offer valuable guidance for the design and development of high-efficiency H2O2 production driven by mechanical energy from water.
A Mini-Review of Recent Progress in Zeolite-Based Catalysts for Photocatalytic or Photothermal Environmental Pollutant Treatment
Authors: Zhang Shenhao , Xu Le , Xu Jie , Shen Boxiong
Published: February 2025

Atmospheric and water pollution has led to serious harm to the global environment and human health. Photocatalysis and photothermal catalysis technologies have been considered as promising methods to handle pollutants in the atmosphere and water due to their energy savings and environmental friendliness. Zeolite catalysts have been widely used in the field of photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic removal of environmental pollutants due to their well-developed pore structure, high stability, and tunable surface chemistry. In this review, we have elaborated the photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic mechanisms and summarized the recent progress in zeolite-based catalysts for photocatalytic or photothermal catalytic environmental pollutant treatment. In summary, it is found that the strategies of elemental doping and surface structure modification directly affect the adsorption performance of zeolite for target pollutants, and the construction of a bifunctional structure promotes the generation of intrinsic active species and photogenerated charge separation. Finally, the paper presents current challenges and perspectives on zeolite-based catalysts for photocatalytic and photothermal catalytic treatment of environmental pollutants.
Advances in In Situ Investigations of Heterogeneous Catalytic Ammonia Synthesis
Authors: Su Weiyi , Cheng Xi , Shang Suokun , Pan Runze , Qi Miao , Sang Qinqin , Xie Zhen , Zhang Honghua , Wang Ke , Liu Yanrong
Published: February 2025

Ammonia is a key “platform” raw chemical for fertilizers and nitrogen-containing chemicals, with a global annual production of ~180 million tons. Recently, ammonia has also come to be seen as an excellent hydrogen-containing liquid promising for long-term, large-scale hydrogen storage and transport. Therefore, artificial N2 fixation, an ammonia synthesis reaction, will play a pivotal role influencing food and energy for human society. Till now, industrial ammonia synthesis has relied on high temperature and high pressure (420~500 °C, 10~15 MPa). Researchers are devoted to developing new catalysts as well as optimizing the traditional Fe-based catalysts continuously. However, the relation between the catalysts’ detailed structure and ammonia production efficiency are not yet fully understood, which is crucial to provide guidance on further improving the efficacy of this importance reaction. Recently, in situ characterization techniques have achieved significant improvements and new understandings have been achieved on the central topic of catalysis. In this review, recent advances in in situ investigations of heterogeneous catalytic ammonia synthesis are summarized and the key results are discussed. In the end, a concluding remark and perspective are proposed, with the hope of inspiring future investigations dedicated to unveiling the principles of designing catalysts for ammonia synthesis.
Combinational Inhibition of MEK and AKT Synergistically Induces Melanoma Stem Cell Apoptosis and Blocks NRAS Tumor Growth
Authors: Alobaidi Ryyan , Islam Nusrat , Olkey Toni , Haribabu Yogameenakshi , Shamo Mathew , Sykora Peter , Simbulan-Rosenthal Cynthia M. , Rosenthal Dean S.
Published: February 2025

Malignant melanoma is a lethal skin cancer containing melanoma-initiating cells (MICs), implicated in tumorigenesis, invasion, and drug resistance, and characterized by an elevated expression of stem cell markers, including CD133. siRNA knockdown of CD133 has been previously shown to enhance apoptosis induced by the MEK inhibitor trametinib in melanoma cells. This study investigates the underlying mechanisms of CD133’s anti-apoptotic activity in patient-derived BAKP melanoma, harboring the difficult-to-treat NRASQ61K driver mutation, after CRISPR-Cas9 CD133 knockout or Doxycycline (Dox)-inducible re-expression of CD133. CD133 knockout in BAKP cells increased trametinib-induced apoptosis by reducing anti-apoptotic p-AKT and p-BAD and increasing pro-apoptotic BAX. Conversely, Dox-induced CD133 expression diminished apoptosis in trametinib-treated cells, coincident with elevated p-AKT, p-BAD, and decreased activation of BAX and caspase-3. However, trametinib in combination with pan-AKT inhibitor capivasertib reduced cell survival as measured by XTT viability assays and apoptosis and colony formation assays, independent of CD133 status. CD133 may therefore activate a survival pathway wherein (1) increased AKT phosphorylation and activation induces (2) BAD phosphorylation and inactivation, which (3) decreases BAX activation, and (4) reduces caspases-3 activity and caspase-mediated PARP cleavage, leading to apoptosis suppression and drug resistance in melanoma. In vivo mouse xenograft studies using Dox-inducible melanoma cells revealed increased rates of tumor growth after induction of CD133 expression in trametinib-treated +Dox mice, an effect which was synergistically suppressed by combination treatment. Targeting nodes of the AKT and MAPK survival pathways with trametinib and capivasertib highlights the potential for combination therapies for NRAS-mutant melanoma stem cells for the development of more effective treatments for patients with high-risk melanoma.
The Derivative Difluoroboranyl-Fluoroquinolone “7a” Generates Effective Inhibition Against the S. aureus Strain in a Murine Model of Acute Pneumonia
Authors: Veyna-Hurtado L. Angel , Hernández-López Hiram , Reyes-Escobedo Fuensanta del Rocío , de Loera Denisse , García-Cruz Salvador , Troncoso-Vázquez Lorena , Galván-Valencia Marisol , Castañeda-Delgado Julio E. , Cervantes-Villagrana Alberto Rafael
Published: February 2025

During the last decades, most bacterial strains have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics. This led the WHO to declare a global emergency in 2017 and urge the development of new active compounds. Some families of antibiotics still show high antibacterial efficacy, as is the case of fluoroquinolones, which have a broad spectrum of action. For this reason, our research group derived several compounds from fluoroquinolones, selecting a compound with good antibacterial activity for further evaluations, a difluoroboranil-fluoroquinolone complex labeled 7a. Antibacterial activity was evaluated using the Kirby–Bauer method against S. aureus (clinical isolate HGZ2201#ID). The MIC and MBC were obtained by macrodilutions and reseeding. In vivo antimicrobial activity was evaluated in a Balb/c mouse model infected intratracheally with S. aureus and subsequently treated with ciprofloxacin or 7a (80 mg/kg/day) for five days. A mean of 8.55 ± 0.395 cm2 inhibition area was observed using 7a, while ciprofloxacin generated a mean inhibition of 7.86 ± 0.231 cm2. Compound 7a showed a MIC and MBC of 0.25 μg/mL. This reduced the generation of pneumonic lung tissue to 5.83%, while the untreated infected group generated 60.51% of pneumonic tissue. Compound 7a proved to be an antimicrobial agent capable of inhibiting the in vitro development of S. aureus. Furthermore, 7a showed effectiveness in decreasing the progression of acute pneumonia induced by S. aureus in a murine model.
Introduction to Special Issue: Genomic Analysis of Common Disease
Authors: Wilson Golder N.
Published: February 2025

The development of NextGen or massive parallel sequencing [...]
Scaling Properties of Rainfall as a Basis for Intensity–Duration–Frequency Relationships and Their Spatial Distribution in Catalunya, NE Spain
Authors: Casas-Castillo María del Carmen , Llabrés-Brustenga Alba , Rodríguez-Solà Raül , Rius Anna , Redaño Àngel
Published: February 2025

The spatial distribution of rainfall intensity–duration–frequency (IDF) values, essential for hydrological applications, were estimated for Catalunya, Spain. From a larger database managed by the Meteorological Service of Catalunya and after rigorous quality control, 163 high-quality daily series spanning from 1942 to 2016, with an average length of 39.8 years and approximately one station per 200 km2, were selected. A monofractal downscaling methodology was applied to derive rainfall intensities for sub-daily durations using the intensities from a reference 24 h duration as the basis, followed by spatial interpolations on a 1 km × 1 km grid. The scaling parameter values have been found to be higher in the northwestern mountainous areas, influenced by Atlantic climate, and lower in the central–western driest zones. A general negative gradient was observed toward the coastline, reflecting the increasing influence of the Mediterranean Sea. The IDF results are presented as spatial distribution maps, providing intensity–frequency estimates for durations between one hour and one day, and return periods between 2 and 200 years, with an estimated uncertainty below 12% for the 200-year return period, and lower for shorter return periods. These findings highlight the need to capture rainfall spatial variations for urban planning, flood control, and climate resilience efforts.
Aesthetic Gynecology and Mental Health: What Does It Really Mean for Women?
Authors: Marano Giuseppe , Anesini Maria Benedetta , Sfratta Greta , d’Abate Claudia , Traversi Gianandrea , Rossi Sara , Lisci Francesco Maria , Brisi Caterina , Paris Ida , Pola Roberto , Gaetani Eleonora , Mazza Marianna
Published: February 2025

Body image, a complex interplay of perceptions, thoughts, and feelings about one’s physical appearance, has been a subject of extensive research. It is a dynamic construct that evolves throughout a woman’s lifespan, influenced by a multitude of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. From adolescence, marked by the onset of puberty and societal pressures to conform to specific beauty standards, to adulthood and the physical changes associated with aging, women’s body image undergoes significant transformations. Aging is a universal process that affects all organs, including the female genitalia. The vaginal tract undergoes significant atrophy due to declining estrogen levels, particularly during and after menopause. Aesthetic gynecology offers a range of procedures to address both functional and aesthetic concerns related to aging genitalia. Aesthetic gynecology, a burgeoning field within women’s health, provides various procedures aimed at enhancing genital appearance and function. It also helps balance the hormonal and anatomical changes that every woman experiences over time. The goal is to strengthen each patient’s intimate well-being and self-esteem, enabling them to experience intimacy peacefully. While often driven by concerns about physical attractiveness and sexual satisfaction, the psychological implications of these procedures are complex and multifaceted. It is crucial to recognize the interplay between psychological factors and the decision to undergo these procedures. Collaboration between surgeons and mental health professionals can ensure that candidates are psychologically prepared and have realistic expectations. By adopting a patient-centered approach and conducting rigorous research, healthcare providers can ensure that aesthetic gynecology is used as a tool for empowerment rather than exploitation. This article explores the intricate relationship between psychological well-being and aesthetic gynecology, examining how these procedures can impact body image, self-esteem, and overall quality of life.
Constraint Effect on Tensile and Fatigue Fracture of Coach Peel Specimens of Novel Aluminum–Steel Resistance Spot Welds
Authors: Shi Liting , Guo Xiangcheng
Published: February 2025

In response to the growing demand for fuel economy and the imperative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the automotive industry has embraced structural lightweighting through multi-material solutions. This poses challenges in joining dissimilar lightweight metals, such as aluminum alloys to steels. The effects of the diameter of a weld nugget have been well documented, particularly in relation to its effects on the tensile strength, tensile fracture modes and fatigue behavior. For tensile shear specimens, various methods have been developed over the years to predict fracture modes by deriving the critical nugget diameter. However, these methods have proved inadequate for coach peel specimens, where a noteworthy observation is the occurrence of pull-out fracture modes with smaller weld nugget diameters than the critical diameter. In the present study, aluminum alloy sheets and steel sheets were resistance spot welded, achieving a deliberately reduced weld nugget diameter to induce an interfacial fracture mode in the tensile testing of coach peel specimens. Intriguingly, it was noted that fatigue fracture modes in the same coach peel specimens transitioned from pull-out to interfacial with decreasing applied loads, challenging conventional expectations. Furthermore, finite element analysis was performed, and the findings indicated that the fracture modes of the coach peel specimens were influenced not only by the diameter of the weld nugget but also by local stress states, specifically the stress triaxiality at the tips of the spot weld notches.
Photodegradation of Amoxicillin Under UV Irradiation Using Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Qudsieh Isam Y. , Ali Mohammad Ashraf , Maafa Ibrahim M.
Published: February 2025

This experiment investigated the degradation of amoxicillin in water using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and UV Irradiation. The parameters analyzed included the initial concentration of amoxicillin, the pH of the solution, and the quantity of H2O2 used. These factors were examined to assess the effectiveness of the photodegradation process. No degradation of amoxicillin was observed in the dark during stirring for 20 min. The investigation demonstrated successful photodegradation of amoxicillin using H2O2 as an oxidant in the presence of UV Irradiation. The pH of the irradiated solution significantly influenced the degradation of amoxicillin, with minimal degradation at acidic pH and a gradual increase as the pH shifted towards more basic conditions. Degradation was more pronounced with higher concentrations of H2O2, while it decreased as the concentration of amoxicillin in the reacting solution increased. Complete degradation was achieved using 3 mL of H2O2. The experimental data were well-fitted to zero-order reaction kinetics. The findings of this investigation show significant improvements compared to previously reported results in the field of photocatalysis using nanomaterials and photolysis techniques involving UV and H2O2. The novelty of our research is in the different experimental parameters used for the UV/H2O2 photolysis process, which distinguishes it from other previous investigations. The UV/H2O2 system proved highly effective in the photodegradation of amoxicillin, making it a viable option for degrading other organic pollutants commonly found in industrial wastewater.
Procedures for X-Ray Diffraction Phase Analysis: The Case of Fine Sediments from Peña Blanca, Chihuahua, Mexico
Authors: Caraveo-Castro Carmen del Rocio , Rodríguez-Guerra Yair , Fuentes-Montero Luis , González-Jacquez Andrés Isaak , Fuentes-Cobas Luis E. , Montero-Cabrera María Elena
Published: February 2025

In a broad project designed to examine uranium transport by surface water from Sierra Peña Blanca to Laguna del Cuervo in the Chihuahuan Desert, sediments from intermittent streams and the lagoon have been extracted and studied. Two samples were sediments from the high area of the Sierra, close to the uranium deposit “El Nopal.” Moreover, 23 core segments extracted for dating sediments were analyzed to consider changes in the fine component concentrations. The techniques of scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, XRD in a conventional diffractometer, and high-resolution synchrotron XRD analysis were applied. The crystallographic objective of the present work was to evaluate the functionality of various methodologies when applied to cases of a detailed analysis of many polyphase samples with cryptocrystals. The methods for processing the experimental data were the Rietveld method in the current multi-pattern variant of the Fullprof program and the degree of crystallinity method for the rapid estimation of the proportion of cryptocrystals in a mixture. This last technique was developed with an ad hoc software package deposited in the GitLab public repository.
Trends in Kampo Medicine Usage as Supportive Care During Anticancer Drug Treatment in Japanese Patients: A Nationwide Cohort Analysis from Fiscal Years 2015 to 2021
Authors: Ohta Hiroaki , Yasu Takeo
Published: February 2025

The adverse effects of anticancer drugs significantly impact the quality of life of patients undergoing chemotherapy, necessitating evidence-based supportive therapies. In Japan, Kampo medicines, traditional Japanese herbal therapies used for relief of various symptoms, have been widely used as complementary and alternative treatments for cancer, despite limited evidence regarding their efficacy and safety. Thus, we investigated the actual use of Kampo medicines as supportive care in patients undergoing anticancer drug treatment and evaluated the trends in prescription according to year. We analyzed 89,141 cancer drug therapy cases registered in the Japan Medical Data Center database between April 2014 and July 2022, excluding those with a history of Kampo medicine prescriptions before the first prescription of antineoplastic drugs. We assessed the trends in prescription according to sex, age group (<50, 50–74, and ≥75 years), and cancer type subgroup using the Cochran–Armitage trend test. Approximately 23.7% of patients were prescribed Kampo medicines during anticancer drug treatment. Since 2014, a decrease in the prescription of Kampo medicines during anticancer treatment has been observed regardless of sex, age, or cancer type. These findings suggest that recent negative reports on the efficacy and safety of Kampo medicines in cancer care may have influenced this trend.