bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efecto de la suplementación con ensilaje de naranja sobre la composición de la leche bovina
Authors: Flórez Delgado Dixon Fabián , Quintero Muiño Sandra Milena , Capacho Mogollón Alfonso Eugenio , Báez Gamboa Pavlova
Published: July 2020

Contextualización: En la producción ganadera, la suplementación alimenticia se lleva a cabo con alimentos balanceados comerciales que incrementan los costos de producción y afectan de esta manera los márgenes de rentabilidad de las empresas pecuarias.
Vacío de conocimiento: El ensilaje de naranja se ve como una alternativa nutricional y económica para las empresas ganaderas en busca de su sostenibilidad bajo los siguientes interrogantes: ¿cuál es el efecto del ensilaje de naranja sobre la productividad y calidad de leche bovina?, ¿es posible reducir los costos por concepto de alimentación al incluir este ensilaje y reducir el alimento balanceado sin afectar los parámetros productivos en bovinos leche?
Propósito del estudio: Evaluar el efecto del suministro de ensilaje de naranja (EN) sobre la composición de la leche bovina en la Granja Experimental Villa Marina de la Universidad de Pamplona.
Metodología: Se utilizó un diseño de bloques completos aleatorizados con 12 animales cuya genética está influenciada por las razas Gyr, Holstein, Jersey y Rojo Sueco, distribuidos en un tratamiento con la sustitución del 20% del alimento balanceado comercial (T1) y un testigo (T2). Se elaboró el EN con frutos producidos en la granja con 30 días de fermentación. Se realizó un periodo de acostumbramiento de 10 días. Se midió la composición de la leche (grasa, proteína, sólidos no grasos, minerales y lactosa) cada siete días durante 90 días. Los datos obtenidos, fueron sometidos a un análisis de varianza y de correlación.
Resultados y conclusiones: La inclusión de EN generó un mayor (P<0,05) contenido de grasa (4,36%) en la leche de las vacas en comparación con el tratamiento testigo (3,75%). No hubo efecto de los tratamientos en los demás componentes de la leche evaluados. La producción diaria de leche no fue afectada (P>0,05) por los tratamientos. El costo de suplementación por litro de leche se estimó en $ 265,15. La sustitución de alimento balanceado comercial en un 20% con EN mejora el porcentaje de grasa en la leche y disminuye los costos de la alimentación respecto al manejo convencional, constituyéndose en una alternativa sostenible de alimentación en vacas lactantes cruzadas.
Nuevas arvenses hospederas de Begomovirus colectadas en cultivos de tomate (Solanum Lycopersicum l.) en Cundinamarca
Authors: Vaca-Vaca Juan Carlos , Rivera-Toro Diana Marcela , Morales-Euse Jonathan , Jara-Tejada Frenyiline , Lopez-Lopez Karina
Published: July 2020

Los begomovirus forman parte del grupo de virus emergentes que afectan cultivos de interés agrícola a nivel mundial. Las arvenses pueden constituirse fácilmente en hospederos alternos de estos virus y ser fuente de inóculo de los mismos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue detectar begomovirus presentes en arvenses asociadas al cultivo de tomate en Cundinamarca, Colombia. Se colectaron arvenses con y sin síntomas virales en cultivos de tomate localizados en los municipios de Pasca y Fusagasugá, Cundinamarca. Se purifico el DNA genómico total de cada arvenses y para evidenciar la presencia de begomovirus se realizó una reacción en cadena de la polimerasa con oligos específicos para detectar el componente genómico A viral. Se recolectaron 36 arvenses, de las cuales 22 especies fueron identificadas taxonómicamente. Stellaria media, Veronica persica, Galinsoga ciliata, Malva sylvestris y una especie de la familia Asteraceae resultaron positivas para begomovirus. Para las especies Stellaria media y Galinsoga ciliata, constituyen el primer reporte a nivel mundial como hospederos de begomovirus. La especie Veronica persica es identificada como reservorio de begomovirus por primera vez en América Latina. Finalmente, la especie Malva sylvestris y una especie de la familia Asteraceae se reportan por primera vez como hospederos de begomovirus para Colombia. El control efectivo de las arvenses identificadas como hospederos alternativos para begomovirus es una estrategia efectiva para disminuir el impacto de esta familia de virus en los cultivos de tomate.
Efecto de dos sistemas de riego sobre la producción y uso eficiente del agua en el cultivo de papa variedad diacol capiro
Authors: Guerrero-Guio Juan Carlos , Cabezas Gutiérrez Marco , Galvis Quintero Jesús Hernando
Published: July 2020

La papa (Solanum tuberosum) se considerada como un alimento básico en la dieta de cientos de personas. En Colombia durante el 2017 se registró una producción de 2,8 millones de toneladas siendo la variedad Diacol Capiro la más sembrada para procesamiento industrial en los departamentos de Cundinamarca, Boyacá y Nariño. El cultivo es sensible al déficit hídrico y es el factor más limitante en la producción, por lo tanto, el riego es una práctica indispensable la cual se está realizando por aspersión con una baja eficiencia, mientras el riego por goteo puede alcanzar eficiencias cercanas al 90 %. Se realizó un experimento en condiciones de campo cuyo objetivo fue evaluar el efecto de dos sistemas de riego (goteo vs aspersión) sobre la producción, calidad y uso eficiente del agua en el cultivo de papa variedad Diacol Capiro en el municipio de Toca, Boyacá. Se utilizó un diseño experimental completamente al azar con 2 tratamientos que corresponden a cada sistema de riego y 3 repeticiones. A los 28 días después de siembra (dds), se midió el % de brotación, en cosecha se evaluó rendimientos y calidad de tubérculos y se calculó uso eficiente del agua para tubérculos frescos. Se presentaron diferencias estadísticas para los tratamientos evaluados (p<0,05) en el % de brotación y uso eficiente del agua; las demás variables no presentaron diferencias estadísticas. Con los dos tratamientos se alcanzó el potencial productivo de la variedad, pero el riego por goteo presentó los mejores resultados, se llegó a producir 3,49 kg más de tubérculos frescos por m3 de agua utilizado.
Procedimiento guía para manejo seguro de sustancias químicas en una empresa de fabricación de suelas y plantillas a base de poliuretano de la ciudad de Cali - Colombia
Authors: Lopez Villalobos Iván Dario , Vallejo Morán Luis Alberto , Castañeda Sanchez Claudia Asceneth , Dominguez Orejuela Johanna
Published: July 2020

Contextualización: Para el manejo seguro de sustancias químicas, se identificaron las debilidades de la empresa objeto de estudio, en el manejo, uso, almacenamiento y transporte interno de sustancias químicas. Vacío de conocimiento: Este método contribuye como insumo para la gestión de sustancias que pueden dar lugar a posibles intoxicaciones por absorción e inhalación a trabajadores. Propósito del estudio: Este estudio se pretende el diseño de un procedimiento para manejo seguro de sustancias químicas en una empresa de fabricación de suelas y plantillas a base de poliuretano, lo que contribuirá a prevenir accidentes de trabajo y enfermedades laborales en los trabajadores de la empresa objeto de estudio; con un enfoque cuantitativo descriptivo observacional de corte transversal. Metodología: Se realizó en una fábrica de suelas y plantillas a base de poliuretano de la ciudad de Cali (Colombia), a 33 trabajadores de los principales procesos productivos con exposición a sustancias químicas, se aplicó una encuesta para identificar el nivel de conocimiento de los empleados con respecto a las sustancias manejadas, se diseñó un cuestionario con base en normatividad colombiana, aplicándose el método simplificado para la evaluación del riesgo químico del instituto francés – INRS. Resultados y conclusiones: El análisis de acuerdo a la tabla de determinación de riesgo, arrojo un resultado crítico para seis de las diez sustancias evaluadas. Se identificaron diez sustancias químicas consideradas peligrosas, cuatro de estas clasificadas como grupo A2, sospechosas de provocar cáncer, además, de ser sustancias toxicas y nocivas para la salud y el medio ambiente. Se evidencio ausencia de un procedimiento para el desarrollo de tareas críticas como lo es, el llenado de tanques, pintura e inyección, así como la falta de un programa de vigilancia epidemiológica para monitoreo del personal con mayor exposición. Finalmente, se diseñó el procedimiento guía para manejo seguro de sustancias químicas y un plan de acción para implementación. La peligrosidad de algunas sustancias químicas utilizadas a base de poliuretano es alta, tanto que la agencia de Servicio de Salud Pública, la Agencia para Sustancias Tóxicas y el Registro de Enfermedades de EE.UU, cataloga a los isocianatos (TDI y MDI) como sustancias químicas muy reactivas.
Las antípodas de la gobernanza ambiental en el territorio campesino agroalimentario del macizo colombiano
Authors: Jiménez Iguarán Nicolá , Rincón Largo Jorge Andrés
Published: July 2020

La gobernanza ambiental consiste en establecer dos vías de intervención territorial diferentes pero complementarias: la vía coercitiva del Estado y la vía reguladora del mercado. Este artículo constituye un intento por comprender una estrategia alternativa de gobernanza que confronta este enfoque y, en consecuencia, estas dos vías de intervención. Se trata del Territorio Campesino Agroalimentario del Macizo Colombiano, una propuesta que se ha venido implementando, de facto, en algunas regiones del país, particularmente en varios municipios del norte de Nariño y el sur del Cauca.
The Impact of the CEO's Personal Narcissism on Non-GAAP Earnings
Authors: Abdel-Meguid Ahmed , Jennings Jared N. , Olsen Kari Joseph , Soliman Mark T.
Published: July 2020

Non-GAAP earnings provide managers the flexibility to exclude GAAP items to either produce a more informative performance measure or provide them the ability to opportunistically exclude recurring expenses from non-GAAP earnings. Prior literature examines the use of this form of disclosure at the firm level, although it is ultimately management's decision. We extend prior non-GAAP literature by examining whether the use and quality of non-GAAP earnings is influenced by CEO personality traits, namely, CEO narcissism. We find that narcissistic CEOs are more likely to exclude expenses from non-GAAP earnings and that the magnitude of exclusions is greater. We also find that those non-GAAP exclusions are more persistent and, thus, lower-quality. Our results shed light on the disclosure practice of non-GAAP earnings and show how narcissistic CEOs are more likely to take advantage of the discretion in financial reporting disclosures in order to benefit the firm and themselves.
The Effects of Waste Contaminated Soil on the Productive Capacity of Capsicum frutescens I. Yusuph, A. Raheem, V. Simpson, U. Aliboh, T.O.A Adeyemi, C. Igboanugo, and H. O. Sawyer ABSTRACT	The effects of waste contaminated soil on the growth and yield o
Authors: Yusuph I. , Raheem A. , Simpson V. , Aliboh U. , Adeyemi A. , Igboanugo C. , Sawyer H. O.
Published: July 2020

The effects of waste contaminated soil on the growth and yield of Capsicum frutescens was studied. Soil samples were collected from: (1) chemical dump sites (2) Cocoa Processing Locations, (3) Federal University of Technology, Akure (FUTA) farms (i.e. Obanla, Obakekere and Abaoyo), and (4) a fallow field (control) all within Akure metropolis. The electrical conductivity and pH of the different soils were determined using standard methods while heavy metal analysis of the various soil samples was carried out using Buck 200 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (ASS) after digesting the samples. The length of stem and leaves were recorded. Soil samples obtained from all the cocoa processing locations and chemical dumpsites in Akure metropolis showed no growth. Meanwhile, the control showed growth of C. frutescens. The highest height of stem was in Obanla on day 29 (15.92 ± 0.82 cm) while that of leaf (4.06 ± 1.32 cm) was in Obakekere on the same day. The control had higher mean stem height of 24.67 ± 1.32 cm on day 29 and 6.17 ± 0.17 cm for leaf on same day. Although, relatively higher organic matter was recorded in FUTA area with Obakekere having the least of 4.26±0.06% and Abaoyo having the highest of 4.36 ± 0.06%, this was lower than the control which had 4.50 ± 0.12%. Generally, the heavy metals concentration was higher in the cocoa processing locations and chemical dumpsites, as compared to FUTA area and the control. The low organic matter and heavy metal concentration in the soils cannot guarantee food security in terms of intensive crop production.
Distribution of Physicochemical Parameters through Soil Profiles around Auto-Mechanic Workshop Clusters in Yenagoa Metropolis, Nigeria
Authors: Amukali O. , Bariweni P. A.
Published: July 2020

In this study, results of analyses were carried out on the physicochemical parameters of soils around auto-mechanic workshop clusters and a control site following standard procedures and methodologies within Yenagoa Metropolis for parameters like pH, conductivity, NO3, PO4, SOM, Ca, Mg, Na, K, CEC and THC.  Values for the parameters were observed, in most instances to have followed the Distance-Decay Model. In such cases, the parameters showed higher levels at the top soils (0 – 15cm) than in lower soil profiles (15 – 30cm and 30 – 45cm) and generally decreased with increasing distances (50m and 100m) from the reference points (0m) at the auto-mechanic workshop clusters, depending on influencing factors. At the auto-mechanic workshop clusters, pH varied from 6.0 to 6.8 indicating acidification of soils, conductivity varied from 594 to 10,258.20úS/cm, nitrates from 3.3 to 4.6mg/kg, phosphates from 0.4 to 0.6mg/kg, SOM from 4.4 to 6.0% and calcium from 11.4 to 26.7meq/100g. Others were magnesium from 4.8 to 9.2meq/100g, sodium from 6.7 to 17.5meq/100g, potassium from 3.5 to 5.1meq/100g, CEC from 26.5 to 44.9meq/100g and THC from 4.5 to 5.4mg/kg respectively. Thus, it could be safely stated that operational presence of auto-mechanic workshop clusters did impact the physicochemical parameters of soils within closer vicinities as topsoils (0 – 15cm) and reference points (0m) more significantly than soils farther away from their vicinities. This raises health, environmental and food productivity concerns in soils of the study area.
Comparative Studies on Phytochemical Screening and in Vitro Antioxidant Activities of Aqueous Extracts of Anacardium Occidentale Leaves and Nuts
Authors: Amira Philip O. , Daramola Adebayo S. , Muoghalu Chikwado E. , Ojo Oluwamodupe B.
Published: July 2020

Phytochemicals are plant-derived chemicals, which are beneficial to human health and disease. They are naturally occurring in the medicinal plants, vegetables, leaves and roots that have defense mechanism and protect from various diseases as well inhibit, or delay the oxidation of other molecules by inhibiting the initiation or propagation of oxidizing chain reaction. Cashew (Anacardium occidentale) is one of the most important nut-bearing trees. Therefore comparative studies on the phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activities on aqueous extracts of leaves and nuts of Anacardium occidentale were investigated to assess their antioxidant properties in different antioxidant property determination assays. Aqueous extracts of the Anacardium occidentale leaves and nuts revealed the presence of resin, flavonoids, phenols, carbohydrates, alkaloids and terpenoids. In addition, the aqueous leaf extract of the plant contained tannins, saponins, phlobatanins and steroids. The IC50 (µg/ml) values of the leaves’ extract were  36.77 ± 1.11, 1.71 ± 0.10, 1.01 ± 0.07, 0.11 ± 0.002 and 0.99 ±0.22 for total antioxidant capacity (AAE), ferric reducing antioxidant activity (AAE), diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity and metal chelating activity respectively. On the other hand, the IC50 (µg/ml) values of the nuts’ extract were  34.85 ± 0.27, 1.37 ± 0.02, 4.65 ± 0.19, 8.65 ± 0.09 and 3.54 ±0.05 for total antioxidant capacity (AAE), ferric reducing antioxidant activity (AAE), diphenyl picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) assay, nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity and metal chelating activity respectively. Consequently, even though both extracts exhibited remarkable in vitro antioxidant properties, the leaf extract seemed to have better performance with respect to the parameters investigated.
Promote Safety Culture and Enhance Safety Performance through Safety Behaviour
Authors: Asamani Lebbaeus
Published: July 2020

Protection of workers against harm and sicknesses is a fundamental human right, irrespective of where the individual works. Most workplace safety and health research concentrate on the industrial and formal or corporate work settings, with very little attention given to the informal sector, especially informal agriculture. The present paper investigated safety behaviour as a mediating variable in the relationship between safety culture and safety performance of rice farm worker. The study was a cross-sectional survey, involving 469 respondents (347 males and 122 females), with an average age of 45.96 years and 13.65 years of rice farming experience. The data was analysed with the Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling. The paper found safety culture to be a strong predictor of safety behaviour, and a moderate predictor of safety performance. Also, safety behaviour had a competitive partial mediating effect on the relationship between safety culture and safety performance. Contrary to expectation, safety behaviour had a positive relationship with safety performance, and safety culture was a better predictor of safety performance than safety behaviour. The results were discussed in light of the socio-cultural sub-system model and recommendation for research, practice and policy proffered.
Post-Covid19 Pandemic Back to workplace Policies and Procedures: A Case Study with Reference to Agricultural Research Sector, Hyderabad
Authors: PRASAD KDV , Mangipudi Mruthyanjaya Rao
Published: July 2020

The Government of India announced Lockdown on 22 March and continued till Mary 21, 2020.  Subsequently the unlock down across the country started from 8 June 2020 with various states following some regulations according to the respective state conditions.  Several industry sectors –Information Technology, Central and State Government Offices, agricultural sector, and other public sectors started functioning partially. Most of the business outlets like supermarkets, shopping malls, financial institutes both public and private are functioning at full level. Several articles published on Covid19 about how to mitigate the infection risk and several literatures available on Covid-19 protocols, enhancing the immunity. However, till today there is no published literature on Covid19 back to workplace plan policies, procedures and protocol to safeguard employees from possible infection. In this manuscript the authors proposed a phase-wise post Covid-19 work plan with reference Agricultural Research Sector, Hyderabad. The manuscript studied the aspects of employee well-being, remote working, prevention of the infection, flexibility, and suggested a framework on back to work plan with phased approach, which is effective and cause minimal disturbance in carrying our routine activities in the sector
Security Control Assessment of Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition for Power Utilities in Tanzania
Authors: Chaula Job Asheri , Luwemba Godfrey Weston
Published: July 2020

The primary purpose of this research was to assess the adequacy and effectiveness of security control of the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) communication network used by infrastructure companies. Initially, the SCADA networks were physically separated from other networks connected to the internet and hence assumed secure. However, the modern SCADA are now integrated with other network resulting in new security vulnerabilities and attacks similar to those found in traditional IT. Thus, it is important to reassess the security controls of the SCADA because it is operated in an open network environment. In this research, a case of the SCADA security controls in the power sector in Tanzania was assessed, whereby a specific SCADA implementation was studied. The data were gathered using observation, testing, interviews, questionnaire and documentation reviews. The results were analyzed using the Cyber Security Evaluation Tool (CSET) and checked for compliance based on the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and North America Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) standards. The findings have shown that there exist security vulnerabilities both in security compliance of the standard and component-based vulnerabilities. Additionally, there is inadequate of audit and accountability, personnel security and system and information integrity. Also, for the component-based security compliance, the finding shows that identification and authentication, security management and audit and accountability. On the basis of the results, the research has indicated the areas that require immediate action in order to protect the critical infrastructure.
A Review of Probabilistic Techniques Used for Web browsers’ Caching
Authors: Kakar Abdul Sattar , Rohie Muhammad Sadiq
Published: July 2020

Cache memory plays a central role in improving the performance of web servers, especially for big data transmission, which response time is constrained. It is necessary to use an effective method, such as web cache. Browsers' cache has a significant role according to less bandwidth use, response time and traffic load as well as beneficial if the internet connection is slow. Due to the space limitations, modern browsers companies attempt to use a method to store a great number of web objects and to advance the effectiveness of web browsers. Many scientists have been working to discover and recommend various techniques for this purpose. This study consequently reviews the recent likelihood probabilistic methods, to figure out how browsers store web objects in their caches, and which methods are used to load more speedily and to store a great number of web objects. The comparison between numerous browsers performed to pick and recommend the utmost one for usage. The result has shown that each browser using RI (Ratio Improvement) has powerful performance; to be discussed later. It has proposed using Google Chrome browser because web objects are placed in its cache through the RI technique that correlated with browsers' effectiveness.
Comparison of Tweed Facial Triangle Norms Among Different Ethnic Groups
Authors: Hashim Hayder Abdalla , AL‑Sayed Najah , AL-Qaisi Ayah , AL-Jawad Feras Abed , Al-Husain H.
Published: July 2020

Aims: The objectives of the present study were to establish Tweed facial triangle norms in Qatari and to compare the result with Tweed norms and previous reported results in different racial groups.

Material and method: The sample consisted of 89 lateral cephalometric radiographic radiographs, 75 patients were females and 14 were males with age range 18 to 25 years old (Mean 20.7. +/-2.3).

Results: The result of the present study showed that the mean values of FMA 33.5 º +/- 6.2 º FMIA 52.8 º +/- 9.5 º angles and IMAP  94.5º +/- 8.8º were significantly higher than Tweed norms. The comparison with Black Brazilian and Bangladeshi indicated extremely statistically significant differences in FMA and IMPA angles whereas in Nepalese, extremely significant difference was observed in FMIA and FMA angles.

Conclusions: Tweed’s Facial Triangle mean values were established for Qatari. However, Tweed facial triangle norms should be used only as a guide and not as an absolute value. Hence, using specific norms for specific race or ethnic group will help in providing more accurate diagnosis and treatment planning.
Community And Individual Factors Associated With Maternal And Neonatal Care Practices In Low Resource Settings. A Case Of Zimbabwe
Authors: Chiwawa E. , Mhlanga M. , Munodawafa A. , Mukora-Mutseyekwa F.
Published: July 2020

Neonatal mortality has been increasing in Zimbabwe from 20/1,000 live births between 2000 and 2004 to 29 /1,000 live births between 2010 and 2014.Suboptimal newborn care practices are the predisposing factors to neonatal mortality. In Manicaland Province, care seeking behaviours for fever which is the main symptom of majority of infections in children and knowledge levels of danger signs that should cause the mother to take a child immediately to a health facility remains unacceptably lower than the national averages. A cross sectional descriptive and analytic design was carried out to explore the factors associated with the practice of the recommended newborn care practices by women of child bearing age in Mutare District. Health facilities were purposively sampled and participants were systematically sampled. Structured interviews were used to collect data which was analysed in Epi-Info version 7.2. Descriptive and multivariate analysis was performed on data collected from 349 participants. Practice of the five assessed recommended newborn care practices was high. Exclusive breast feeding (62%), early initiation of Breast feeding (74%), good code care (73%), care seeking for neonatal illness within 24hrs of onset of fever (82%) and keeping baby warm was at 58%. Statistically significant independent factors associated with the recommended newborn care practices were post-natal stay for more than 72 hours at the clinic (AOR=0.56; 95%CI: 0.12-0.87, p=0.000), and delivery at the health facility (AOR=0.43; 95%CI: 0.21-0.77; p=0.000). Cultural practices that impact negatively on neonatal care in Mutare district include; asking for permission to seek treatment for the child when ill, feeding the baby immediately after delivery and applying substances and mixed traditional herbs on the cord stump of the newborn. Improving newborn care outcomes require approaches addressing demand and supply factors to reach communities with correct information on good newborn care.
“Home and Away” A look at Gulf Medical Students’ Influencing Factors, Challenges and Attitudes for Studying Medicine Abroad
Authors: Al-Saadi Hatem , Malallah Haya , Al-Kalbani Humaid , Al-Saadi Jameela , Al-Saadi Ahlam , Al-Saadi Ghanim , Al-Balushi Abdullah , Al-Saadi Tariq
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Higher education is no longer provided solely in the confines of national borders. Now days, the general trend is that students are no more reluctant to cross boundaries and travel to different places for achieving better education. Aim: To explore gulf medical students influencing factors, challenges, and perceptions to study abroad.
Methods: Cross sectional prospective study was conducted with self-administered survey which consisted of six sections. The survey was distributed by email to gulf medical students studying in four countries (United Kingdom, Ireland, Kingdom of Bahrain, and Jordan). Data were tubulated on Excel and analysed with SPSS V.22.
Results: Total responses received that met inclusion criteria were 94 with mean age of 20.89 (68.08% females). 51% of participants were from Kuwait, and 57% of participants were studying in European universities. Broadening personal experience was the main influencing factor to study abroad, and word of mouth from parents and students studying abroad were the main individual influences. Financial issues were the main challenges for studying abroad. Surgical specialities were the desired specialities for future career accounting for 44.7%.
Conclusion: Understanding the underlying reasons behind a student’s decision to study abroad plays an important part on structuring scholarship and allocating resources. The high rate of students regretting studying abroad and at the same time the high rate of recommendation for other to study abroad indicate that personal satisfaction is a key factor, however, studying abroad does not suit everyone.
Characterization of Cryptococcus Neoformans Strains From Cases of Cryptococcal Meningitis in India
Authors: Gugnani Harish C , Mitchell Thomas G. , Paliwal-Joshi Anubha , Rattan Ashok
Published: July 2020

Reports of clinical isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans often lack information on their mating types, molecular types, and in vitro antimycotic susceptibilities. This study compares these and other related characteristics of fifteen strains of C. neoformans obtained from cases of meningitis in different regions of India. PCR was used to determine the mating type and serotype of each strain, and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism was used for molecular typing of the strains. In vitro assays compared the proteinase and phospholipase activities of the strains, and the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) protocol was used to determine their minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) to amphotericin B (AMB), itraconazole, and fluconazole. All strains were identified as C. neoformans var. grubii (serotype A), possessed the alpha mating type, and belonged to molecular type VNII. Ten of the strains demonstrated strong proteolytic activity, and the remaining five were weakly proteolytic. Nine of the strains were positive for phospholipase. In vitro antifungal susceptibility tests, determined the MIC (µg/ml) values for AMB, itraconazole, and fluconazole to be 0.03-0.5, 0.002-03, and 2-4 µg/ml, respectively. Remarkedly, all 15 strains belonged to the relatively rare molecular type, VNII. This report is one of few studies to characterize clinical strains of C. neoformans from India.
Urinary Tract Infection: Prevalence, Risk Factors, Bacterial Etiologies and Antimicrobial Resistance Profile among Egyptian Diabetic Patients
Authors: Desouky Dalia E. , Gabr Hala M. , El-Helbawy Mohammed , Hathout Hanan M.
Published: July 2020

Diabetic patients are more prone to infections due to impaired immune status. One of most frequent infections in diabetic patients are urinary tract infection (UTI). The aim of the work was to study the prevalence and associated risk factors of UTI among diabetic patients attending the outpatient clinics of Menoufia university hospital, and to assess the pattern of antimicrobial sensitivity of isolated organisms. A pre-designed questionnaire was used to collect information about age, sex and residence, smoking habits, and type and duration of diabetes. Laboratory investigations including blood analysis for glucose level, HBA1c, leucocytic count, urine culture and antimicrobial sensitivity testing were done. The prevalence of UTI was 51.3%, and the most significant risk factors associated with infection were older age, being female, BMI > 30, duration of diabetes > 10 years, together with uncontrolled diabetes. Residence, smoking, and type of diabetes were found to be insignificantly associated with UTI. Age, duration of diabetes, and HBA1c were found to be independently associated with UTI. Common isolated organisms in order of frequency were E. coli, Klebsiella, and Coagulase negative staph. More than 50% of isolates were resistant to one or more antibiotic on antimicrobial antibiotic sensitivity testing. The study concluded a high prevalence of UTI among studied patients. Proper control of diabetes with regular screening for HBA1c and UTI among diabetic patients is needed.
Information Technology's Impact on the Accounting System
Authors: Jasim Yaser A. , Raewf Manaf B.
Published: July 2020

This research aims to measure the effect of information technology (IT) on the accounting system IT helps to improve the quality and performance of accounting transactions in a transparent and safe manner in good security ways. In this review, we provide a detailed theoretical analysis of the subject discussed by focussing on the principles of the organization historically and reporting directly. The researchers also test and obtain satisfactory results depending on the question tested and the hypotheses. The findings of this work are satisfactory. Finally, the results indicate the role of computing information technology in reducing time, costs and improving health.
Strategi Dakwah Muhammadiyah Melalui FKMMS (Forum Komunikasi Masjid Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo)
Authors: Istkomah Istkomah , Romadlon Dzulfikar Akbar , Hariyanto Budi
Published: July 2020

The focus of Muhammadiyah, as stated in its AD/ART, is the da'wa of Islam "amar ma'ruf nahi munkar." Developing the quality of the mosques is essential in developing da'wah activities because the mosque is the center of Muslim religious activities. This article will discuss the da'wah strategy of Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo by developing the Muhammadiyah Mosque through FKMMS. This study uses a qualitative approach, with data collection methods through observation, interviews, and documentation. The conclusion is that in determining its da'wah strategy, FKMMS analyzes the state of SWOT so that the policy is capable of optimizing strengths and opportunities, as well as minimizing weaknesses and threats. Strategies undertaken by FKMMS include: fostering and strengthening Muhammadiyah ideology, fostering mosque management for takmir, collecting mosque data, encouraging the use of information technology in mosques for da'wah activities, encouraging the use of Muhammadiyah preachers (KMM), creating exciting mosque youth activities, and forming preaching networks through FKMMS per-regional. Each strategy implemented will be evaluated for its achievements, while the strategies that have not been applied will be discussed further about its implementation.

 

Fokus dari Muhammadiyah, sebagaimana yang tercantum dalam AD/ART-nya, adalah dakwah Islam amar maâ€™ruf nahi munkar. Mengembangkan kualitas masjid merupakan hal yang terpenting dalam meningkatkan kegiatan dakwah, karena masjid adalah pusat kegiatan dari umat Islam. Artikel ini akan membahas tentang strategi dakwah Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo dengan membina dan mengembangkan Masjid Muhammadiyah melalui â€œForum Komunikasi Masjid Muhammadiyah Sidoarjoâ€ (FKMMS). Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif, dengan metode pengumpulan data melalui observasi, interview (wawancara), dan dokumentasi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, bahwa dalam menentukan strategi dakwahnya, FKMMS menganalisa keadaan SWOT agar strategi yang dijalankan benar-benar mampu mengoptimalkan kekuatan dan kesempatan, serta meminimalisir kelemahan dan ancaman. Strategi yang dijalankan oleh FKMMS, diantaranya: melakukan pembinaan ideologi Muhammadiyah dan pembinaan manajemen masjid untuk takmir masjid, melakukan pendataan masjid, mendorong penggunaan teknologi informasi dalam dakwah di masjid-masjid, mendorong penggunaan mubaligh Muhammadiyah, menciptakan kegiatan remaja masjid yang mengasyikkan, dan membentuk jaringan dakwah melalui FKMMS per-regional. Setiap strategi yang dijalankan akan dievaluasi ketercapaiannya, sedangkan strategi yang belum dilaksanakan akan dibahas lebih detail lagi tentang implementasinya
Network knowledge gathering of international new ventures, approaches, and preconditions
Authors: Danik Lidia , Kowalik Izabela
Published: July 2020

This paper contributes to the growing stream of research on knowledge gathering in the internationalization process of international new ventures (INVs), as well as their networking activities. It identifies two dimensions describing the network knowledge-gathering approaches: 1) relationship approach (well-wishing or opportunistic) and 2) intentionality (intentional or unintentional search for knowledge), which enable the classification of the INV activities. The findings are based on a qualitative study conducted on four Polish INVs from the manufacturing industry. They show that internationalizing companies may behave opportunistically in their knowledge-gathering behavior, while, at the same time, some of their knowledge is also gathered unintentionally. The preconditions of knowledge-gathering behaviors suggested in the study include, among others, the managers’ experience, power division in the networks, and the duration of a relationship with a partner.
Consolidation radiotherapy for patients with extended disease small cell lung cancer in a single tertiary institution: impact of dose and perspectives in the era of immunotherapy
Authors: Stanic Karmen , Vrankar Martina , But-Hadzic Jasna
Published: July 2020

Background

Consolidation radiotherapy (cRT) in extended disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) showed improved 2-year overall survival in patients who responded to chemotherapy (ChT) in CREST trial, however results of two meta - analysis were contradictive. Recently, immunotherapy was introduced to the treatment of ED-SCLC, making the role of cRT even more unclear. The aim of our study was to access if consolidation thoracic irradiation improves survival of ED-SCLC patients treated in a routine clinical practice and to study the impact of cRT dose on survival. We also discuss the future role of cRT in the era of immunotherapy.

Patients and methods

We retrospectively reviewed 704 consecutive medical records of patients with small cell lung cancer treated at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana from January 2010 to December 2014 with median follow up of 65 months. We analyzed median overall survival (mOS) of patients with ED-SCLC treated with ChT only and those treated with ChT and cRT. We also compared mOS of patients treated with different consolidation doses and performed univariate and multivariate analysis of prognostic factors.

Results

Out of 412 patients with ED-SCLC, ChT with cRT was delivered to 74 patients and ChT only to 113 patients. Patients with cRT had significantly longer mOS compared to patients with ChT only, 11.1 months (CI 10.1–12.0) vs. 7.6 months (CI 6.9–8.5, p < 0.001) and longer 1-year OS (44% vs. 23%, p = 0.0025), while the difference in 2-year OS was not significantly different (10% vs. 5%, p = 0.19). The cRT dose was not uniform. Higher dose with 45 Gy (in 18 fractions) resulted in better mOS compared to lower doses 30–36 Gy (in 10–12 fractions), 17.2 months vs. 10.3 months (p = 0.03) and statistically significant difference was also seen for 1-year OS (68% vs. 30%, p = 0.01) but non significant for 2-year OS (18% vs. 5%, p = 0.11).

Conclusions

Consolidation RT improved mOS and 1-year OS in ED-SCLC as compared to ChT alone. Higher dose of cRT resulted in better mOS and 1-year OS compared to lower dose. Consolidation RT, higher number of ChT cycles and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) were independent prognostic factors for better survival in our analysis. For patients who received cRT, only higher doses and PCI had impact on survival regardless of number of ChT cycles received. Role of cRT in the era of immunotherapy is unknown and should be exploited in further trials.
Impact of COVID-19 on cancer diagnosis and management in Slovenia – preliminary results
Authors: Zadnik Vesna , Mihor Ana , Tomsic Sonja , Zagar Tina , Bric Nika , Lokar Katarina , Oblak Irena
Published: July 2020

Background

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the provision and use of healthcare services throughout the world. In Slovenia, an epidemic was officially declared between mid-March and mid-May 2020. Although all non-essential health care services were put on hold by government decree, oncological services were listed as an exception. Nevertheless, as cancer control depends also on other health services and additionally major changes in people’s behaviour likely occurred, we aimed to analyse whether cancer diagnosis and management were affected during the COVID-19 epidemic in Slovenia.

Methods

We analysed routine data for the period November 2019 through May 2020 from three sources: (1) from the Slovenian Cancer Registry we analysed data on pathohistological and clinical practice cancer notifications from two major cancer centres in Ljubljana and Maribor; (2) from the e-referral system we analysed data on all referrals in Slovenia issued for oncological services, stratified by type of referral; and (3) from the administrative data of the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana we analysed data on outpatient visits by type as well as on diagnostic imaging performed.

Results

Compared to the November 2019 – February 2020 average, the decrease in April 2020 was about 43% and 29% for pathohistological and clinical cancer notifications; 33%, 46% and 85% for first, control and genetic counselling referrals; 19% (53%), 43% (72%) and 20% (21%) for first (and control) outpatient visits at the radiotherapy, surgery and medical oncology sectors at the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, and 48%, 76%, and 42% for X-rays, mammograms and ultrasounds performed at the Institute, respectively. The number of CT and MRI scans performed was not affected.

Conclusions

Significant drops in first referrals for oncological services, first visits and imaging studies performed at the Institute, as well as cancer notifications in April 2020 point to a possibility of a delayed cancer diagnosis for some patients during the first surge of SARS-CoV-2 cases in Slovenia. The reasons for the delay cannot be ascertained with certainty and could be linked to health-seeking behaviour of the patients, the beliefs and practices of doctors and/ or the health system management during the epidemic. Drops in control referrals and control visits were expected and are most likely due to the Institute of Oncology Ljubljana postponing non-essential follow-ups through May 2020.
Les méthodes d’évaluation de nouveaux remèdes dans la première moitié du 19ème siècle: l’exemple des médecins genevois
Authors: Ruffieux Christiane
Published: July 2020

Recent research on the history of medicine has shown that during the 18th century, the pharmacological market has steadily expanded. For medical practitioners, this influx of novelties triggered constant challenges to the process of cure assessment. This study analyses six historical controversies surrounding new remedies in Geneva during the first half of 19th century. The overview of fifty years of therapeutic questioning shows how Genevan practitioners managed to judge the usefulness of a specific remedy on the basis of observations – usually quite numerous – and how they started to elaborate methodological principles underlying a populational approach.
Assurance-maladie et libéralisme économique: l’échec de l’initiative populaire du Parti socialiste suisse de 1974
Authors: Buclin Hadrien
Published: July 2020

In 1974, the Swiss citizens voted against a popular initiative aimed at reforming the health insurance, launched by the Swiss Socialist Party. They refused as well a less ambitious counter-proposal elaborated by the government. This failure of the left-wing reformers is worthy of interest. This was, indeed, the main attempt until now to implement a healthcare subsidization based on social funding that would provide a wide risk coverage. In fact, shortly after the vote, the emerging economic crisis rather reinforced the advocates of a limitation of social welfare benefits. This durably hindered the political Left’s hopes of transforming in depth the Swiss healthcare system. The 1974 failure of the socialist initiative thus contributed to strengthen the conservative model, which received support from right-wing forces and the business community.
DAMPAK PELAKSANAAN PERATURAN DAERAH TERHADAP PEMAKAIAN BUSANA MUSLIM DI KECAMATAN PADANGSIDIMPUAN TENGGARA
Authors: Ajim Harahap Zul Anwar
Published: July 2020

This research begins with an initial hypothesis that there is a positive impact on the issuance of regional regulations regarding the obligation to wear Muslim clothing in the city of Padangsidimpuan. This research was conducted in a sub-district in Padangsidmpuan City, South Padangsidimpuan Subdistrict, as an instrument for data collection carried out by direct observation. The results obtained from the observation and dissemination of the questionnaire obtained that the public's knowledge of the obligation to wear Muslim clothing showed that most people knew it. (an average of more than 80%) Public knowledge about the issuance of local regulations governing the obligation to w.
MASYARAKAT DAN NEGARA MENURUT AL-FARABI
Authors: Kurniawan Puji
Published: July 2020

According to Al-Farabi, humans are social creatures who cannot and cannot live alone, for that humans must live in society and help one another. The basic nature of human life in a society and a state encourages people to live socially and help each other for common interests in achieving life goals, namely happiness. Because the best people are people who live in cooperation and help each other to achieve happiness.
Studying Absence: An Analysis of the Literature and Lack Thereof on the Intersection of HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Rights
Authors: Mateescu Daria
Published: July 2020

Note: In lieu of an abstract, this is the article's first paragraph. "There is much that academics have taken it upon themselves to study, and also much that they have not. To the extent that the attempt to learn is an attempt to elucidate the truth, it seems unfathomable for our truth-seeking capacities to encompass the entirety of human experience, present and past. And yet, what the academy fails to study is often indicative of more than the inherent catch-22 in which we find ourselves. Factors of identity, and of the hierarchy of important or less important truths, inevitably make themselves evident when one attempts to examine those which have never had the chance to gain a justified worth to academic study. In this paper, I will examine the literature and lack thereof on the matter of reproductive rights and its fraught relationship to HIV/AIDS. I will look both to that research which demonstrates an absence of sufficient literature into this topic, while also historiographically examining two articles within that quantitatively lacking literature. From an examination of this epistemological gap and those worthy attempts to fill it, I will hypothesize that the gap is produced by factors of vulnerability pertaining to the demographics of that group which falls at this intersection, as well as definitional inadequacies in the language of rights."
UJI BEBERAPA KONSENTRASI EKSTRAK TEPUNG DAUN BINTARO (Cerbera manghas L.) TERHADAP HAMA PENGGEREK TONGKOL JAGUNG MANIS (Helicoverpa armigera Hubner)
Authors: Muslihat  , Desita Salbiah
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

 The main pest that often attacks sweet corn crops is Helicoverpa armigera Hubner and causes damage. Pest control can be done using botanical insecticide bintaro plants (Cerbera manghas L.) The aim of this research was to get an effective concentration of bintaro leaf flour extract against of Helicoverpa armigera Hubner. The research was carried out experimentally at the Laboratory of Plant Pests, Agricultural Faculty, University of Riau, by using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of the several levels of concentration of bintaro leaf flour extract, 40 g.l-1 water, 60 g.l-1 water, 80 g.l-1 water and 100 g.l-1 water. The parameters observed were initial time of death (hours), lethal time 50 (hours), and total mortality (%). The results showed that bintaro leaf extract with a concentration of 80 g.l-1 water was an effective concentration to control H. armigera pests which could cause a total mortality of 82% with an initial death of 15,4 hours after application and lethal time 50 (LT50) 57,4 hours after application.

Keywords: Helicoverpa armigera Hubner, Bintaro plants, Botanical insecticide