bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aggregating data
Authors: Heijden Hans Van Der
Published: November 2023

In the previous chapter we have seen how you can query databases to get result sets of individual instances. We shall now concern ourselves with generating data about groups of instances. We shall refer to this as aggregated data. Examples of such information include the total revenue on our sales orders, the average volume of sales, the maximum quantity in a particular month, and so on. It goes without saying that aggregating data effectively is an essential skill for a manager. A management information system should be able to support aggregation rapidly and accurately, and ideally in a somewhat flexible way, as there are many diﬀerent ways to aggregate data.
Conformal Field Theory of Free Bosonic and Fermionic Fields
Authors: Mussardo Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

In this chapter we discuss two explicit examples of conformal field theories. We start our analysis with the free massless bosonic theory that we have already seen in the previous chapter. After, we discuss the conformal field theory of a complex fermion operator (a Dirac fermion) using its decomposition in the real Majorana components. The central charge of both bosonic and fermion theories is c = 1 and this suggests the existence of an equivalence between them. The transformation that maps a bosonic into a fermion theory and vice versa is known as bosonization: it provides a useful tool both for the comprehension of the conformal theories and for a wide range of applications, in particular in low-dimensional condensed matter systems.
Conformal Field Theories with Extended Symmetries
Authors: Mussardo Giuseppe
Published: November 2023

This chapter deals with those field theories that present, in addition to conformal invariance, a symmetry under a larger group of transformations. These models can have interesting applications in a wide range of topics, such as the study of fundamental interactions, statistical mechanics, and condensed matter.
Counter-Terrorism Law and Practice
Authors: Sambei Arvinder , Plessis Anton du , Polaine Martin
Published: November 2023

Counter-Terrorism Law and Practice provides in a single volume the core documents in international law relating to terrorism, together with analytical commentary. The detailed narrative provides the reader with an understanding of issues likely to arise in practice, for example competing jurisdiction; the impact of human rights law and practice; extradition; handling of MLA requests; and countering the financing of terrorism. The book also includes the key international and regional counter-terrorism instruments and coverage on the approach of other jurisdictions, particularly important when dealing with issues of international co-operation. The materials cover relevant case law from a range of jurisdictions as well as key documents from international organisations such as FATF.
Linear thermodynamics of irreversible processes
Authors: Pottier No¨elle
Published: November 2023

The thermodynamics of irreversible processes is a macroscopic theory dealing with states and processes in out-of-equilibrium systems. It allows us, at least when the deviations from equilibrium are not too important, to have to hand a unified treatment of transport phenomena and relaxation processes. This theory thus goes beyond the framework of equilibrium thermodynamics, where only ‘reversible’ processes, in the course of which the system is supposed to be, at any time, in an equilibrium state, can be taken into account. Out of equilibrium, irreversible processes play an essential role. For instance, a system maintained out of equilibrium by applied constraints reacts in being subjected to ﬂuxes: the system is the place of transport phenomena. Or, after having been submitted to applied constraints, a system returns to equilibrium once these constraints are suppressed: this is a relaxation process.
The Boltzmann equation
Authors: Pottier No¨elle
Published: November 2023

The statistical evolution of a classical system of N particles with pair interactions can in principle be studied by means of the BBGKY hierarchy for the reduced distribution functions. If no approximation is made, the evolution equation of the one-particle distribution function involves the two-particle distribution function, and so on. The study of the evolution of the one-particle distribution function is thus tricky. However, in some cases, it is possible, through proper approximations, to obtain a closed evolution equation for this distribution function. If the eﬀect of collisions leading to an irreversible evolution is taken into account by these approximations, the evolution equation thus obtained for the one-particle distribution function belongs to the class of kinetic equations. There are several types of such equations, each of them relating to a particular physical system placed in given conditions.
Master equations
Authors: Pottier No¨elle
Published: November 2023

To begin with, we consider those physical phenomena likely to be modelized by random processes. The processes which are most commonly used for this type of modelization are the Markov processes, often called picturesquely ‘processes without memory’. A Markov process is governed by its transition probabilities, which allow us, step by step, to determine its evolution from its initial distribution. The transition probabilities of a Markov process obey a non-linear functional equation, the Chapman– Kolmogorov equation. If we have independent information about the behavior of the transition probabilities over short time intervals, we can deduce from the Chapman– Kolmogorov equation a linear equation, called the master equation, describing the evolution of the transition probabilities over much longer time intervals.
Article 7: Provisional Measures
Authors: Müller Wolfgang , Khan Nicholas , Scharf Tibor
Published: November 2023

Article 7 lays down the details with regard to the imposition of provisional anti-dumping duties. In the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement, the corresponding provisions concerning provisional measures can be found in its Articles 7 and 12.2.l. Other provisions concerning provisional antidumping duties are set out in Article 14 and Article 20(1) of Basic Regulation 384/96. The Commission is, according to Article 7(4), the competent institution for the imposition of provisional anti-dumping duties, but the last sentence of Article 7(6) entitles the Council to annul such Commission Regulation. Provisional duties are destined to prevent injury resulting from dumping for the period between provisional and definitive findings. Such need arises frequently because of the duration of the investigation.
Article 9: Termination Without Measures and Imposition of Definitive Duties
Authors: Müller Wolfgang , Khan Nicholas , Scharf Tibor
Published: November 2023

The problem was discussed in Anonymos Etaireia Epicheiriseon Metalleftikon Viomichanikon kai Naftiliakon AE. The Court held that the Council was competent to rule on all of the conditions which must be satisfied for the imposition of an anti-dumping duty without being obliged to adopt every proposal made in that connection by the Commission. Thus, the Council may, for instance when deciding on the imposition of a definitive anti-dumping duty, embark on an examination as to whether the products imported and those produced by the Community producers were similar. The Council must however take any final decision in accordance with the findings made in the investigation.
Article 16: Verification Visits
Authors: Müller Wolfgang , Khan Nicholas , Scharf Tibor
Published: November 2023

The provisions contained in Article 16 are (like Article 15) basically self-explanatory. The corresponding provisions of the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement can be found in its Article 6.7 and Annex 1. The primary purpose of a verification visit is to verify the correctness of the reply which the party concerned has submitted in response to the Commission’s questionnaire. During this visit the company cannot, therefore, make substantial changes to its original reply, such as a completely revised transaction-by-transaction listing of its export and/or domestic sales. This was confirmed in EU—Antidumping duties on malleable cast iron tube or pipe fittings from Brazil. The Panel viewed the investigation essentially as a ‘documentary exercise’ that might be supplemented by a verification visit. Such verification visits are provided for, but not mandated by, the WTO Anti-dumping Agreement.
Article 19: Confidentiality
Authors: Müller Wolfgang , Khan Nicholas , Scharf Tibor
Published: November 2023

In order to carry out anti-dumping proceedings, the parties concerned are usually asked to submit information of a highly sensitive nature, such as transaction-by-transaction listings of domestic and export sales, including, e.g. all details of customers, prices, rebates, detailed cost of production tables etc. It would be detrimental to the interests of any party providing such information if this information were to be divulged. It follows from this that there must be rules concerning the protection and the treatment of such information. Article 19 lays down the rules concerning the protection of confidential information. Article 19 is a more specific expression of the principle of confidentiality which is already generally recognized by Article 287 of the EC Treaty.
Article 23: Repeal of Existing Legislation and Transitional Measures
Authors: Müller Wolfgang , Khan Nicholas , Scharf Tibor
Published: November 2023

According to its first paragraph, the first paragraph of Article 23of Basic Regulation 3283/94, i.e. the predecessor of the current Basic Regulation, continued to apply. The latter provision basically stipulated that investigations which were pending on 1 September 1994 and which had not been concluded on 1 January 1995,should still be examined on the basis of Regulation 2423/88. It would seem that the application of Regulation 2423/88 to such pending cases is now a dead letter. The corresponding provision in the GATT Anti-dumping Code is Article 18.3. The legality of the rules set out in Article 23 of Basic Regulation 3283/94 had been disputed in Acme and the CECOM case. However, the Court rejected this.
On The Road To A Sustainable Transport Sector In South Africa: The Role Of Market-Based Instruments
Authors: Paterson Alexander Ross
Published: November 2023

South Africa has approximately 6.5 million vehicles travelling on its everextending road network. All indications are that these numbers will rapidly increase owing to the country’s poor public transport infrastructure and the population’s material aspirations. The ? eet is generally ageing, in poor condition, devoid of emission control technology, and reliant on high octane fuels. Vehicle emissions are accordingly on the increase and contribute signifi cantly to the country’s air pollution crises. From a waste management perspective, vehicle carcasses and used components increasingly litter South Africa’s landscapes as formal waste disposal sites are unable to cope with the in?ux.

Partly as a result of the need to curb the growing environmental impacts caused by the road transport sector, the government has recently reformed the country’s outdated air pollution and waste management regimes. The new legal orders introduce many regulatory tools of potential relevance to the road transport sector, including ambient air quality standards, emission standards, clean fuel specifi cations, vehicle specifi cations, and differential waste management and disposal schemes. One notable trend permeating this legal reform is a shift away from the traditional command-and-control approach to regulation as provision is made for the introduction of an array of market-based instruments (MBIs).
The Song of Songs and the Eros of God
Authors: Kingsmill Slg Edmée
Published: November 2023

Modern biblical scholarship interprets the Song as a collection of love lyrics. For Edmée Kingsmill, on the contrary, the essence of the Song is mystical. A principal concern of this study, however, is to uncover the relationship between the 117 verses of the Song and those biblical books to which they point. Beneath the metaphors a network of allusions is being woven, conveying a picture opposite to that we find in the prophets who, confronted with the continual ‘adultery’ of Israel, poured forth their condemnations with unwearying passion. In dramatic contrast, the Song presents a paradisal picture: ‘For, lo, the winter is past, the rain is over and gone. The flowers appear in the land, and the time of singing is come’ (Song 2: 11-12). Thus, in presenting the ideal, the intention of the Song’s author is shown to be encouragement. The inclusion of this poem in the biblical canon is understood, therefore, to be central to the purpose of the biblical literature: to bring all people to love the God of love. The book is in two parts. The first and longer part is concerned with themes, including the relationship of the Song to the early Jewish mystical literature. The second part is a short commentary intended for the reader interested in the text as much as in the related questions to which the text gives rise.
Mythical Elements
Authors: Kingsmill Slg Edmée
Published: November 2023

The perception that myth permeates the Song of Songs lifts a veil on much that otherwise remains opaque to the understanding. But the term ‘myth’ has become — if it ever was not—problematic, and its misuse is warned against by every writer on the subject. Trusting that I have taken all these warnings to heart, I will pass straight to one writer, J. W. Rogerson, who summarizes twelve different senses of myth in his book Myth in Old Testament Interpretation, and whose summary of the eleventh seems particularly applicable to the present case:

Myth is a necessary way of speaking of transcendent reality.
The Eros of God
Authors: Kingsmill Slg Edmée
Published: November 2023

In a dictionary entry called ‘Spiritual Marriage’, Benedicta Ward writes:

The term is generally used to describe the highest degree of contemplative prayer experienced by the mystic. This usage was established by St Teresa of Avila and St John of the Cross in the sixteenth century, but it is a term which has a much longer history. The use of the image of marriage to describe the union of the soul with God is found in pre-Christian sources, both Jewish and Platonic. Philo of Alexandria, for instance, sees the union of the soul with God in nuptial terms (De Cherubim, 42–52) and Gnostic writings describe the return of the soul to unity with the divine in terms of the marriage of Sophia with the Lord. It is, however, in the OT that the image is most clearly used, in describing the relationship of God to Israel.
Wounding Triggers Wax Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis Leaves in an Abscisic Acid–Dependent and Jasmonoyl-Isoleucine-Dependent Manner
Authors: Lewandowska Milena , Zienkiewicz Krzysztof , Zienkiewicz Agnieszka , Kelly Amélie , König Stefanie , Feussner Kirstin , Kunst Ljerka , Feussner Ivo
Published: November 2023

Wounding caused by insects or abiotic factors such as wind and hail can cause severe stress for plants. Intrigued by the observation that wounding induces expression of genes involved in surface wax synthesis in a jasmonoyl-isoleucine (JA-Ile)-independent manner, the role of wax biosynthesis and respective genes upon wounding was investigated. Wax, a lipid-based barrier, protects plants both from environmental threats and from an uncontrolled loss of water. Its biosynthesis is described to be regulated by abscisic acid (ABA), whereas the main wound signal is the hormone JA-Ile. We show in this study that genes coding for enzymes of surface wax synthesis are induced upon wounding in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves in a JA-Ile-independent but an ABA-dependent manner. Furthermore, the ABA-dependent transcription factor MYB96 is a key regulator of wax biosynthesis upon wounding. On the metabolite level, wound-induced wax accumulation is strongly reduced in JA-Ile-deficient plants, but this induction is only slightly decreased in ABA-reduced plants. To further analyze the ABA-dependent wound response, we conducted wounding experiments in high humidity. They show that high humidity prevents the wound-induced wax accumulation in A. thaliana leaves. Together the data presented in this study show that wound-induced wax accumulation is JA-Ile-dependent on the metabolite level, but the expression of genes coding for enzymes of wax synthesis is regulated by ABA.
Sugarcane mosaic virus employs 6K2 protein to impair ScPIP2;4 transport of H2O2 to facilitate virus infection
Authors: Zhang Hai , Yang Zongtao , Cheng Guangyuan , Luo Tingxu , Zeng Kang , Jiao Wendi , Zhou Yingshuan , Huang Guoqiang , Zhang Jisen , Xu Jingsheng
Published: November 2023

Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV), one of the main pathogens causing sugarcane mosaic disease, is widespread in sugarcane (Saccharum spp. hybrid) planting areas and causes heavy yield losses. RESPIRATORY BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG (RBOH) NADPH oxidases and plasma membrane intrinsic proteins (PIPs) have been associated with the response to SCMV infection. However, the underlying mechanism is barely known. In the present study, we demonstrated that SCMV infection upregulates the expression of ScRBOHs and the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), which inhibits SCMV replication. All eight sugarcane PIPs (ScPIPs) interacted with SCMV-encoded protein 6K2, whereby two PIP2s (ScPIP2;1 and ScPIP2;4) were verified as capable of H2O2 transport. Furthermore, we revealed that SCMV-6K2 interacts with ScPIP2;4 via transmembrane domain 5 to interfere with the oligomerization of ScPIP2;4, subsequently impairing ScPIP2;4 transport of H2O2. This study highlights a mechanism adopted by SCMV to employ 6K2 to counteract the host resistance mediated by H2O2 to facilitate virus infection and provides potential molecular targets for engineering sugarcane resistance against SCMV.
HD–Zip I protein LlHOX6 antagonizes homeobox protein LlHB16 to attenuate basal thermotolerance in lily
Authors: Wu Ze , Li Ting , Zhang Yinyi , Zhang Dehua , Teng Nianjun
Published: November 2023

Homeodomain–leucine zipper (HD–Zip) I transcription factors are crucial for plant responses to drought, salt, and cold stresses. However, how they are associated with thermotolerance remains mostly unknown. We previously demonstrated that lily (Lilium longiflorum) LlHB16 (HOMEOBOX PROTEIN 16) promotes thermotolerance, whereas the roles of other HD–Zip I members are still unclear. Here, we conducted a transcriptomic analysis and identified a heat-responsive HD–Zip I gene, LlHOX6 (HOMEOBOX 6). We showed that LlHOX6 represses the establishment of basal thermotolerance in lily. LlHOX6 expression was rapidly activated by high temperature, and its protein localized to the nucleus. Heterologous expression of LlHOX6 in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and overexpression in lily reduced their basal thermotolerance. In contrast, silencing LlHOX6 in lily elevated basal thermotolerance. Cooverexpressing or cosilencing LlHOX6 and LlHB16 in vivo compromised their functions in modulating basal thermotolerance. LlHOX6 interacted with itself and with LlHB16, although heterologous interactions were stronger than homologous ones. Notably, LlHOX6 directly bounds DNA elements to repress the expression of the LlHB16 target genes LlHSFA2 (HEAT STRESS TRANSCRIPTION FACTOR A2) and LlMBF1c (MULTIPROTEIN BRIDGING FACTOR 1C). Moreover, LlHB16 activated itself to form a positive feedback loop, while LlHOX6 repressed LlHB16 expression. The LlHOX6–LlHB16 heterooligomers exhibited stronger DNA binding to compete for LlHB16 homooligomers, thus weakening the transactivation ability of LlHB16 for LlHSFA2 and LlMBF1c and reducing its autoactivation. Altogether, our findings demonstrate that LlHOX6 interacts with LlHB16 to limit its transactivation, thereby impairing heat stress responses in lily.
Development and Validation of a TaqMan Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay for High-Throughput Quantification of Fusarium graminearum Biomass in Barley Spikes and Grains
Authors: Navasca Abbeah , Dangi Sandesh , Baldwin Suzette Arcibal , Jin Zhao , Baldwin Thomas
Published: November 2023

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating disease primarily caused by Fusarium graminearum that commonly affects North American small grains. Although the disease causes visible symptoms, the more pressing concern is the contamination of grain with trichothecene toxins, especially deoxynivalenol (DON), which can cause toxicity in humans and animals by inhibiting protein biosynthesis. The DON levels are more critical when breeding for resistance, but this does not account for pathogen infection and disease severity. To link DON and Fusarium infection, we optimized and validated a real-time multiplex quantitative PCR protocol for high-throughput quantification of Fusarium biomass based on the Tri5 gene, which encodes trichodiene synthase, the first enzyme involved in trichothecene toxin production. The primers and probes were designed to measure the abundance of Tri5 and normalized to the barley actin gene. The assay is repeatable, robust, and sensitive, up to 0.003 ng/µl of F. graminearum and 0.3 ng/µl of barley DNA. The method is cost-effective and has the potential to quantify Fusarium biomass, monitor disease progression, and determine DON levels in barley spikes and harvested grains.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Explantation of a glistening-free, hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lens with cosmetic imperfections on the lens surface
Authors: Larochelle Marissa B , Werner Liliana
Published: November 2023

The enVista intraocular lens (IOL), model MX60E is a single-piece hydrophobic acrylic lens that became available in early 2018. Several months later, certain lot numbers were recalled by the manufacturer due to reports of cosmetic imperfections on the IOL surface. We describe a case of an enVista IOL, model MX60E, exhibiting such cosmetic imperfections, which was explanted due to unwanted optical symptoms, from a patient with a medical history of sarcoidosis. Laboratory evaluation of the explanted lens revealed the presence of multiple concentric rings throughout the surface of the optic component, which appeared to correspond to manufacturing marks. The patient's undesired visual symptoms resolved after IOL exchange.
Continuum kinematics with incompatible–compatible decomposition
Authors: Goldshtein Vladimir , Mariano Paolo Maria , Mucci Domenico , Segev Reuven
Published: November 2023

We present a framework for the kinematics of a material body undergoing anelastic deformation. For such processes, the material structure of the body, as reflected by the geometric structure given to the set of body points, changes. The setting we propose may be relevant to phenomena such as plasticity, fracture, discontinuities and non-injectivity of the deformations. In this framework, we construct an unambiguous decomposition into incompatible and compatible factors that includes the standard elastic–plastic decomposition in plasticity.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Foundational issues, analysis and geometry in continuum mechanics’.
Diverse mobile genetic elements shaped the evolution of Streptomyces virulence
Authors: Weisberg Alexandra J. , Pearce Emma , Kramer Charles G. , Chang Jeff H. , Clarke Christopher R.
Published: November 2023

Mobile genetic elements can innovate bacteria with new traits. In plant pathogenic Streptomyces, frequent and recent acquisition of integrative and conjugative or mobilizable genetic elements is predicted to lead to the emergence of new lineages that gained the capacity to synthesize Thaxtomin, a phytotoxin neccesary for induction of common scab disease on tuber and root crops. Here, we identified components of the

Streptomyces

-potato pathosystem implicated in virulence and investigated them as a nested and interacting system to reevaluate evolutionary models. We sequenced and analysed genomes of 166 strains isolated from over six decades of sampling primarily from field-grown potatoes. Virulence genes were associated to multiple subtypes of genetic elements differing in mechanisms of transmission and evolutionary histories. Evidence is consistent with few ancient acquisition events followed by recurrent loss or swaps of elements carrying Thaxtomin A-associated genes. Subtypes of another genetic element implicated in virulence are more distributed across

Streptomyces

. However, neither the subtype classification of genetic elements containing virulence genes nor taxonomic identity was predictive of pathogenicity on potato. Last, findings suggested that phytopathogenic strains are generally endemic to potato fields and some lineages were established by historical spread and further dispersed by few recent transmission events. Results from a hierarchical and system-wide characterization refine our understanding by revealing multiple mechanisms that gene and bacterial dispersion have had on shaping the evolution of a Gram-positive pathogen in agricultural settings.
Synchronous T-lymphoblastic lymphoma and neuroblastoma in a 3-yr-old with novel germlineSMARCA4andEZH2variants
Authors: Tibout Pauline , Livingston Joel , Kanwar Nisha , Yuki Kyoko E. , Shlien Adam , Ngan Bo , Irwin Meredith S. , Morgenstern Daniel A. , Hitzler Johann , Villani Anita , Cohen-Gogo Sarah
Published: November 2023

T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-LLy) is the most common lymphoblastic lymphoma in children and often presents with a mediastinal mass. Lymphomatous suprarenal masses are possible but rare. Here, we discuss the case of a previously healthy 3-yr-old male who presented with mediastinal T-LLy with bilateral suprarenal masses. Following initial treatment, surgical biopsy of persisting adrenal masses revealed bilateral neuroblastoma (NBL). A clinical genetics panel for germline cancer predisposition did not identify any pathogenic variants. Combination large panel (864 genes) profiling analysis in the context of a precision oncology study revealed two novel likely pathogenic heterozygous variants:SMARCA4c.1420-1G > T p.? andEZH2c.1943G > C p.(Ile631Phefs*44). Somatic analysis revealed potential second hits/somatic variants inEZH2(in the T-LLy) and a segmental loss in Chromosome 19p encompassingSMARCA4(in the NBL). Synchronous cancers, especially at a young age, warrant genetic evaluation for cancer predisposition; enrollment in a precision oncology program assessing germline and tumor DNA can fulfill that purpose, particularly when standard first-line genetic testing is negative and in the setting of tumors that are not classic for common cancer predisposition syndromes.
Seismic reliability analysis of slope in spatially variable soils using multiple response surfaces
Authors: Li Chunli , Li Liang , Cheng Yungming , Xu Liang , Yu Guangming
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to develop an efficient algorithm combining straightforward response surface functions with Monte Carlo simulation to conduct seismic reliability analysis in a systematical way.

Design/methodology/approach

The representative slip surfaces are identified and based on to calibrate multiple response surface functions with acceptable accuracy. The calibrated response surfaces are used to determine the yield acceleration in Newmark sliding displacement analysis. Then, the displacement-based limit state function is adopted to conduct seismic reliability analysis.

Findings

The calibrated response surface functions have fairly good accuracy in predicting the yield acceleration in Newmark sliding displacement analysis. The seismic reliability is influenced by such factors as PGA, spatial variability and threshold value. The proposed methodology serves as an effective tool for geotechnical practitioners.

Originality/value

The multiple sources of a seismic slope response can be effectively determined using the multiple response surface functions, which are easily implemented within geotechnical engineering.
Sustainability and stakeholder theory: a processual perspective
Authors: Valentinov Vladislav
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Sustainability has long been known to present an epistemic challenge. In the corporate setting, this challenge translates into the difficulties experienced by managers not only in devising solutions to corporate sustainability problems, but even in developing the awareness of the latter. The paper explores how these difficulties may be overcome by corporate stakeholder management policies.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper develops a conceptual framework that reconstructs the Hayekian theory of market process in the context of Williamson's (1996) distinction between autonomous and cooperative adaptation.

Findings

Applying the Hayekian theory of market process to the process of engagement and collaboration of corporate stakeholders, the paper shows how the latter process may address the epistemic challenge of corporate sustainability and derives implications for the design of business models for sustainability.

Originality/value

The paper informs stakeholder theory in two ways: first, stakeholder theory is given a novel justification in terms of reflecting the growing prominence of cooperative adaptation and second, corporate stakeholder management is shown to be crucial for maximizing not only economic but also sustainability performance.
The psychology of green behavior: when growth mindset, peer influence and warm glow meet the individual self
Authors: Rahnama Haratbar Hassan , Saeedikiya Mehrzad , Seif Mohammad Hassan
Published: November 2023

Purpose

This study in Iran examined the role of internal and external psychological factors that affected green purchase intention. Moreover, it examined these variables' direct and indirect effects and green purchase intention on green purchase behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

An extended version of the theory of planned behavior (TPB) was employed, based on which a theoretical model was designed to reach the authors’ aim. An online questionnaire was used to collect data. For data analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, structural equation modeling, the bootstrapping method and the Preschool Language Scale (PLS) product-indicator approach were conducted to test the proposed conceptual model.

Findings

Results show that self-identity, self-interest, self-efficacy and a growth mindset have a positive impact on green purchase intention. However, the study found no predictive effect from peer influence and warm glow. In addition, self-efficacy and green purchase intention significantly affect green purchase behavior. The study reveals that green purchase intention substantially mediates the relationship between self-interest, growth mindset, warm glow and green purchase behavior. Further, warm glow moderates the impact of peer influence, self-identity and self-efficacy on green purchase intention. This study emphasizes the critical role of dispositional factors on green purchase intention and behavior.

Originality/value

Few studies consider the effect of the individual self, a growth mindset, a warm glow and peer influence on green purchase intention simultaneously. In addition, the authors introduced a different version of the TPB model. Further, this research also conducted how these variables, directly and indirectly, affect green purchase behavior.
Wireless Emergency Alerts and organisational response: Instructing and adjusting information in alerts
Authors: Cain Lauren B. , Sutton Jeannette , Olson Michele K.
Published: November 2023

In the United States, alerting authorities are authorized by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to notify the public of imminent hazards and threats by sending Wireless Emergency Alerts (WEAs) through the Integrated Public Alert and Warning System (IPAWS). Although recent efforts have been made to examine historical WEA compliance with frameworks such as Mileti and Sorenson's (1990) Warning Response Model, less attention has been paid to information included in WEAs that is not prescribed by message design frameworks from risk communication scholarship. This paper explores the presence of Situational Crisis Communication Theory's (SCCT) instructing and adjusting information in terse mobile alerts. The authors conducted a content analysis of 4777 WEAs sent between 2019 and 2022 to determine how often and in which contexts (i.e., hazard types, 90‐ or 360‐character messages) these strategies are used. We find that the limited definition of adjusting information used in prior research (e.g., direction to mental health resources) is rarely included in WEAs. Additionally, we identify differences in use by message length (90‐ vs. 360‐characters) and hazard type. We conclude that adjusting information in WEAs most frequently takes the form of organisational response information, thereby amending prior definitions of adjusting information to more closely align with the objectives and goals of warning message design.
Effect of canakinumab on frailty: A post hoc analysis of the CANTOS trial
Authors: Orkaby Ariela R. , Thomson Aerin , MacFadyen Jean , Besdine Richard , Forman Daniel E. , Travison Thomas G. , Ridker Paul M.
Published: November 2023

Although inflammation is strongly associated with frailty, whether medications that lower inflammation decrease frailty is unclear and randomized trial evidence is scant. We sought to test whether canakinumab, a therapeutic monoclonal antibody that inhibits IL‐1β and reduces C‐reactive protein (CRP), can lower frailty risk. This was a post hoc analysis of the Canakinumab ANti‐inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS), a randomized double‐blind placebo‐controlled trial of 10,061 stable postmyocardial infarction patients randomized to subcutaneous canakinumab once every 3 months. Incident frailty was measured using a 34‐item cumulative‐deficit Frailty Index (FI). Time‐to‐event analysis using intent to treat. A total of 9942 CANTOS participants had data to calculate a baseline FI. Median age was 61 (IQR 54–68); 74% were male, 12% Asian, 3% Black, 80% White, and 16% Hispanic/Latino. At baseline, mean FI score was 0.12 and 13% were frail using a cutoff of 0.2. Over 5 years, 1080 participants (12.5%) became frail and mean FI scores increased to 0.14. There was no effect on frailty incidence according to randomization to any canakinumab dose versus placebo over time, HR 1.03 (0.91–1.17), p = 0.63. Results were similar using phenotypic frailty. Additionally, the primary findings of CANTOS in terms of canakinumab‐associated cardiovascular event reduction were unchanged in analyses stratified by baseline frailty. In conclusion, among stable adult patients with atherosclerosis, random allocation to interleukin‐1b inhibition with canakinumab versus placebo did not lower risk of incident frailty over 5 years. More randomized data are needed to understand the role of targeted anti‐inflammatory medications for frailty prevention in older adults.
How moral bioenhancement affects perceived praiseworthiness
Authors: Lucas Simon , Douglas Thomas , Faber Nadira S.
Published: November 2023

Psychological literature indicates that actions performed with the assistance of cognition‐enhancing biomedical technologies are often deemed to be less praiseworthy than similar actions performed without such assistance. This study examines (i) whether this result extends to the bioenhancement of moral capacities, and (ii) if so, what explains the effect of moral bioenhancement on perceived praiseworthiness. The findings indicate that actions facilitated by morally bioenhanced individuals are considered less deserving of praise than similar actions facilitated by ‘traditional’ moral enhancement—for example, moral self‐education. This diminished praise does not seem to be driven by an aversion to (moral) bioenhancement per se. Instead, it appears to be primarily attributable to a perceived lack of effort exerted by bioenhanced individuals in the course of their moral enhancement. Our findings advance the philosophical discourse on the foundations of praise in the context of moral bioenhancement by elucidating the empirical basis underlying some assumptions commonly employed to argue for or against the permissibility of moral bioenhancement.
Mechanisms linking cerebrovascular dysfunction and tauopathy: Adding a layer of epiregulatory complexity
Authors: Kim Yoon A. , Mellen Marian , Kizil Caghan , Santa‐Maria Ismael
Published: November 2023

Intracellular accumulation of hyperphosphorylated misfolded tau proteins are found in many neurodegenerative tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Tau pathology can impact cerebrovascular physiology and function through multiple mechanisms. In vitro and in vivo studies have shown that alterations in the blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and function can result in synaptic abnormalities and neuronal damage. In the present review, we will summarize how tau proteostasis dysregulation contributes to vascular dysfunction and, conversely, we will examine the factors and pathways leading to tau pathological alterations triggered by cerebrovascular dysfunction. Finally, we will highlight the role epigenetic and epitranscriptomic factors play in regulating the integrity of the cerebrovascular system and the progression of tauopathy including a few observartions on potential therapeutic interventions.

LINKED ARTICLES

This article is part of a themed issue From Alzheimer's Disease to Vascular Dementia: Different Roads Leading to Cognitive Decline. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v181.6/issuetoc
Interactive effects of increased nestbox temperature and vitamin E on nestling growth are attenuated by plasticity in female incubation effort
Authors: Duncan Paige A. , Tauber Ashley M. , Sakaluk Scott K. , Thompson Charles F.
Published: November 2023

In recent years, temperatures have increased globally, and nestlings of many bird species are likely regularly exposed to increased temperatures both pre‐ and post‐natally. Even small increases in nest temperature during incubation affect offspring growth and survival in a variety of species, one cause of which is thought to be increased production of pro‐oxidants in embryos and nestlings. Defences marshalled in response to this oxidative stress could, in turn, result in trade‐offs that lead to reduced survival or growth. If so, any downstream negative effects on nestlings of increased ambient temperatures during incubation could be counteracted by increasing their antioxidant intake. We predicted, therefore, that dietary supplements of an antioxidant would reduce or eliminate any detrimental effects on nestling growth and survival of experimentally increased nest temperature during the incubation period. We employed a split‐brood design in which we increased the nest temperature of entire clutches and, after hatching, provided dietary supplements of the antioxidant vitamin E to half of the nestlings within broods. We also recorded female incubation and provisioning behaviour to control for the possibility that heating nests might also influence maternal behaviour. There was a significant interaction between nestbox heating treatment and vitamin E treatment in their effect on nestling mass, a trait that is positively correlated with survival and future reproductive success in the study population. Vitamin E supplementation promoted increased nestling mass in heated nests, whereas it had the opposite effect in control nests but these effects were weak. Heating significantly affected female incubation behaviour, with females in heated nestboxes investing less in incubation than those in unheated boxes. These results suggest that within at least some range of expected increased ambient temperatures during the 21st century, effects of climate change on nestling bird development can be mitigated by adjustments in female incubation behaviour.
Chemosensory afference in the tentacle nerve of Lymnaea stagnalis
Authors: Ucciferri Carmen C. , Wyeth Russell C.
Published: November 2023

Although the neural control of behavior has been extensively studied in gastropods, basic gaps remain in our understanding of how sensory stimuli are processed. In particular, there is only patchy evidence regarding the functional roles of sense organs and the extensive peripheral nervous system they contain. Our goal was to use extracellular electrophysiological recordings to confirm the chemosensory role of the tentacles in the great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. Employing a special twin‐channel suction electrode to improve signal‐to‐noise ratio, we applied three food odors (derived from earthworm‐based food pellets, algae‐based pellets, and fresh lettuce) to a reduced preparation of the tentacle while recording neuronal activity in the tentacle nerve. Responses were assessed by comparing average spike frequencies produced in response to saline flow with and without odors. We report stronger neuronal responses to earthworm‐based food odors and weaker responses to algae‐based food odors. There were no clear neuronal responses produced when lettuce food odor or control saline was applied to the tentacle. Overall, our results provide strong evidence for the chemosensory role of the tentacles in navigation behavior by L. stagnalis. Although it is unclear whether the differences in neuronal responses to different odors are a technical consequence of our recording system or a genuine feature of the snail sensory system, these results are a useful foundation for further study of peripheral nervous system function in gastropods.
Experiential Research
Authors: Reynolds David K. , Farberow Norman L.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: This paper reports a research project that has focused on the inner experience of suicidal depression and its relationship to the social milieu. Adopting a suicidal identity, a clinical anthropologist lived in a psychiatric hospital, and then, along with a clinical psychologist, in several posthospital care facilities for periods from two weeks to a month in each setting. The evidence indicates the researchers were able to establish identities closely resembling those of genuinely suicidal persons. Their experiential accounts along with their observations of the social settings in which they lived provide the core material for analysis. Additional data from hospital records and posttreatment meetings with staff members and fellow patients supplemented the researchers' observations. Data are presented on social situational variables that support and/or undermine feelings of self‐worth, the social presentation of a suicidal self, and introspective accounts of suicidal “world views” and styles of thinking. Suggestions are made for suicide prevention in institutional settings on the basis of life‐supporting relationships and appropriately designed social‐structural features.
Risks of Mortality of Suicide Attempters Compared with Psychiatric and General Populations
Authors: Pederson Andreas M. , Tefft Bruce M. , Babigian Haroutun M.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: This study compares mortality risk among suicide attempters, psychiatric patients, and members of the general population using demographic data from the Monroe County (New York) Psychiatric Case Register for 1960 to 1970. During this 11‐year period there were 172 deaths reported for the suicide attempt group, 6,108 for the Psychiatric Register population, and 58,542 for the general population. The relative risk of death from all causes of the suicide attempt group was nearly twice that of the general population and slightly higher than that of the psychiatric group. High risks of mortality were differentially associated with several demographic and treatment variables. Implications for predictive criteria and interventive strategies are discussed.
Dependent Children and Suicide of Married Parents
Authors: Kozak Conrad M. , Gibbs James O.
Published: November 2023

ABSTRACT: In an attempt to analyze the relatively neglected relationship between the presence of dependent children and suicide of married parents, the suicides of both married and single persons in the Chicago‐Cook County region for 1970 and 1974 were examined. Single suicides and married suicides with dependent children were compared to similar groups in the general population. It was found that while marrieds with dependent children experienced the lowest average suicide rate, they also had a larger mean number of children than the population as a whole and exhibited a tendency for having children at a very young age or children at an older age in life. These findings contradict contemporary notions that an increasing number of children in a marriage tend to inhibit suicide potential. It appears that the relationship between marital suicide and dependent children is far more complex than previously indicated and requires further research for elaboration.
Implications of Time on Donor Behavior and Processes in Relation to Localization
Authors: Stanley Aaron , Connolly Lesley
Published: November 2023

The growing rhetorical commitment to localizing international aid sits in contrast to the lack of change in the amount of funding going to locally based organizations. The increased focus on localization spotlights the inherent challenges within the international aid system and donor organizations' inability to adapt their practices to make genuine change. A critical barrier to substantial change is related to the concept of time. Donors' conceptualization of time significantly impacts organizational incentives and individuals' preferences. This article examines how donors' understanding of time manifests through concepts of productivity and efficiency, deadlines and their implications on decision‐making, and donor fatigue. A focus on donor practice is supported by the concept of timescapes, or the institutional conceptualizations of time that define practice and create different power dynamics. Through the analysis, the article describes how donor timescapes create organizational and individual behaviors that work against the localization agenda. The article concludes by offering suggestions for mitigating these organizational behavior dynamics so that donor incentives and practices are better aligned with their localization commitments.
Blocking miR528 function promotes tillering and regrowth in switchgrass
Authors: Han Xiangyan , Tang Shanjie , Ma Xuan , Liu Wenwen , Yang Ruijuan , Zhang Shuaibin , Wang Ningning , Song Xianwei , Fu Chunxiang , Yang Rongxin , Cao Xiaofeng
Published: November 2023

MiRNAs have been reported to be the key regulators involving a wide range of biological processes in diverse plant species, but their functions in switchgrass, an important biofuel and forage crop, are largely unknown. Here, we reported the novel function of miR528, which has expanded to four copies in switchgrass, in controlling biomass trait of tillering number and regrowth rate after mowing. Blocking miR528 activity by expressing short tandem target mimic (STTM) increased tiller number and regrowth rate after mowing. The quadruple pvmir528 mutant lines derived from genome editing also showed such improved traits. Degradome and RNA‐seq analysis, combined with in situ hybridization assay revealed that up‐regulation of two miR528 targets coding for Cu/Zn‐SOD enzymes, might be responsible for the improved traits of tillering and regrowth in pvmir528 mutant. Additionally, natural variations in the miR528‐SOD interaction exist in C3 and C4 monocot species, implying the distinct regulatory strength of the miR528‐SOD module during monocot evolution. Overall, our data illuminated a novel role of miR528 in controlling biomass traits and provided a new target for genetic manipulation‐mediated crop improvement.