bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic and risk factor analysis of cancer patients after unplanned ICU admission: a real-world multicenter study
Authors: Wei Miao , Huang Mingguang , Duan Yan , Wang Donghao , Xing Xuezhong , Quan Rongxi , Zhang Guoxing , Liu Kaizhong , Zhu Biao , Ye Yong , Zhou Dongmin , Zhao Jianghong , Ma Gang , Jiang Zhengying , Huang Bing , Xu Shanling , Xiao Yun , Zhang Linlin , Wang Hongzhi , Lin Ruiyun , Ma Shuliang , Qiu Yu’an , Wang Changsong , Zheng Zhen , Sun Ni , Xian Lewu , Li Ji , Zhang Ming , Guo Zhijun , Tao Yong , Zhang Li , Zhou Xiangzhe , Chen Wei , Wang Daoxie , Chi Jiyan
Published: December 2023

To investigate the occurrence and 90-day mortality of cancer patients following unplanned admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), as well as to develop a risk prediction model for their 90-day prognosis. We prospectively analyzed data from cancer patients who were admitted to the ICU without prior planning within the past 7 days, specifically between May 12, 2021, and July 12, 2021. The patients were grouped based on their 90-day survival status, and the aim was to identify the risk factors influencing their survival status. A total of 1488 cases were included in the study, with an average age of 63.2 ± 12.4 years. The most common reason for ICU admission was sepsis (n = 940, 63.2%). During their ICU stay, 29.7% of patients required vasoactive drug support (n = 442), 39.8% needed invasive mechanical ventilation support (n = 592), and 82 patients (5.5%) received renal replacement therapy. We conducted a multivariate COX proportional hazards model analysis, which revealed that BMI and a history of hypertension were protective factors. On the other hand, antitumor treatment within the 3 months prior to admission, transfer from the emergency department, general ward, or external hospital, high APACHE score, diagnosis of shock and respiratory failure, receiving invasive ventilation, and experiencing acute kidney injury (AKI) were identified as risk factors for poor prognosis within 90 days after ICU admission. The average length of stay in the ICU was 4 days, while the hospital stay duration was 18 days. A total of 415 patients died within 90 days after ICU admission, resulting in a mortality rate of 27.9%. We selected 8 indicators to construct the predictive model, which demonstrated good discrimination and calibration. The prognosis of cancer patients who are unplanned transferred to the ICU is generally poor. Assessing the risk factors and developing a risk prediction model for these patients can play a significant role in evaluating their prognosis.
Insights into time fractional dynamics in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky system through singular and non-singular kernels
Authors: Alsallami Shami A. M. , Maneea M. , Khalil E. M. , Abdel-Khalek S. , Ali Khalid K.
Published: December 2023

In the realm of nonlinear dynamics, the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction system has long held the fascination of researchers. The Belousov-Zhabotinsky system continues to be an active area of research, offering insights into the fundamental principles of nonlinear dynamics in complex systems. To deepen our understanding of this intricate system, we introduce a pioneering approach to tackle the time fractional Belousov-Zhabotinsky system, employing the Caputo and Atangana-Baleanu Caputo fractional derivatives with the double Laplace method. The solution we obtained is in the form of series which helps in investigating the accuracy of the proposed method. The primary advantage of the proposed technique lies in the low amount of calculations required and produce high degree of precision in the solutions. Furthermore, the existence and uniqueness of the solution are investigated thereby enhancing the overall credibility of our study. To visually represent our results, we present a series of 2D and 3D graphical representations that vividly illustrate the behavior of the model and the impact of changing the fractional order derivative and the time on the obtained solutions.
Lipidomic assessment of the impact of Nannochloropsis oceanica microalga lipid extract on human skin keratinocytes exposed to chronic UVB radiation
Authors: Łuczaj Wojciech , Gęgotek Agnieszka , Conde Tiago , Domingues M. Rosário , Domingues Pedro , Skrzydlewska Elżbieta
Published: December 2023

Considerable attention has been devoted to investigating the biological activity of microalgal extracts, highlighting their capacity to modulate cellular metabolism. This study aimed to assess the impact of Nannochloropsis oceanica lipid extract on the phospholipid profile of human keratinocytes subjected to UVB radiation. The outcomes revealed that treatment of keratinocytes with the lipid extract from microalgae led to a reduction in sphingomyelin (SM) levels, with a more pronounced effect observed in UVB-irradiated cells. Concomitantly, there was a significant upregulation of ceramides CER[NDS] and CER[NS], along with increased sphingomyelinase activity. Pathway analysis further confirmed that SM metabolism was the most significantly affected pathway in both non-irradiated and UVB-irradiated keratinocytes treated with the microalgal lipid extract. Additionally, the elevation in alkylacylPE (PEo) and diacylPE (PE) species content observed in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes following treatment with the microalgal extract suggested the potential induction of pro-survival mechanisms through autophagy in these cells. Conversely, a noteworthy reduction in LPC content in UVB-irradiated keratinocytes treated with the extract, indicated the anti-inflammatory properties of the lipid extract obtained from microalgae. However, to fully comprehend the observed alterations in the phospholipid profile of UVB-irradiated keratinocytes, further investigations are warranted to identify the specific fraction of compounds responsible for the activity of the Nannochloropsis oceanica extract.
Stem water potential estimation from images using a field noise-robust deep regression-based approach in peach trees
Authors: Yamane Takayoshi , Habaragamuwa Harshana , Sugiura Ryo , Takahashi Taro , Hayama Hiroko , Mitani Nobuhito
Published: December 2023

Field-grown peach trees are large and have a complex branch structure; therefore, detection of water deficit stress from images is challenging. We obtained large datasets of images of field-grown peach trees with continuous values of stem water potential (Ψstem) through partial secession treatment of the base of branches to change the water status of the branches. The total number of images as frames extracted from videos of branches was 23,181, 6743, and 10,752, in the training, validation, and test datasets, respectively. These datasets enabled us to precisely model water deficit stress using a deep-learning-regression model. The predicted Ψstem of frames belonging to a single branch showed a Gaussian distribution, and the coefficient of determination between the measured and predicted values of Ψstem increased to 0.927 by averaging the predicted values of the frames in each video. This method of averaging the predicted values of frames in each video can automatically eliminate noise and summarize data into the representative value of a tree and is considered to be robust for the diagnosis of water deficit stress in large field-grown peach trees with a complex branch structure.
Early life stress in women with autoimmune thyroid disorders
Authors: Corso Alessia , Engel Hermann , Müller Fabienne , Fiacco Serena , Mernone Laura , Gardini Elena , Ehlert Ulrike , Fischer Susanne
Published: December 2023

Autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITD) represent the most frequent of all autoimmune disorders. Their aetiopathogenesis is incompletely understood, but most likely multifactorial. Early life stress can have long-lasting effects on the immune system. The aim of the present study was to investigate, for the first time, whether patients with AITD are more frequently affected by early life stress. A total of N = 208 women were recruited into a case–control study. Of these, n = 78 (median age: 53, interquartile range: 15) were patients recruited from a thyroid outpatient clinic with confirmed Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, Graves’ disease, or AITD not otherwise specified. The remaining n = 130 age- and BMI-matched women (median age: 53, interquartile range: 12) were recruited from the general population. Early life stress was measured with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. Patients with AITD did not differ from controls regarding sexual abuse, physical abuse, and physical neglect. However, a greater number of patients reported emotional neglect (29.7% vs. 19.5%) and emotional abuse (41.3% vs. 32%). This study provides initial evidence for emotional neglect and abuse as potential risk factors for the development of AITD. Prospective confirmation of these findings could pave the way for the development of interventions to prevent AITD in predisposed individuals.
MnOx-decorated MOF-derived nickel–cobalt bimetallic phosphide nanosheet arrays for overall water splitting
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Han Lei , Tao Kai
Published: December 2023

A hierarchical NiCoP nanosheet array decorated with MnOx has been constructed through MOF-templated phosphorization followed by electrodeposition, and it exhibits excellent performance toward overall water-splitting.
Mixed-valence Cu-based heterostructures for efficient electrochemical nitrate reduction to ammonia
Authors: Ye Jingrui , Yang Yilin , Teng Mengjuan , Wang An , Xia Jiawei , He Guangyu , Chen Haiqun
Published: December 2023

A mixed-valence Cu–Cu2O heterostructure with enhanced NO3RR activity was constructed via a KBr-induced MOF-derived strategy.
Radical qubits photo-generated in acene-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Orihashi Kana , Yamauchi Akio , Inoue Miku , Parmar Bhavesh , Fujiwara Saiya , Kimizuka Nobuo , Asada Mizue , Nakamura Toshikazu , Yanai Nobuhiro
Published: December 2023

The generality of photo-induced generation of radicals with long T1 and T2 values in a series of acene-based metal–organic frameworks has been demonstrated.
Wear metal determination in lubricating oils by reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry
Authors: Sáez Carmen , Stoitsov Dimitar , Aguirre Miguel Ángel , Kmetov Veselin , Coscollà Clara , Canals Antonio
Published: December 2023

A synergetic combination of reversed-phase dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction and microwave induced plasma optical emission spectrometry as a green analytical method for wear metal determination in lubricating oils.
Recording physiological and pathological cortical activity and exogenous electric fields using graphene microtransistor arrays in vitro
Authors: Cancino-Fuentes Nathalia , Manasanch Arnau , Covelo Joana , Suarez-Perez Alex , Fernandez Enrique , Matsoukis Stratis , Guger Christoph , Illa Xavi , Guimerà-Brunet Anton , Sanchez-Vives Maria V.
Published: December 2023

Full-band recordings, including infraslow components, were obtained with graphene SGFETs from cerebral cortex slices. First gSGFETs recordings from human tissue in vitro were obtained. gSGFETs were also used to quantify both exogenous and endogenous electric fields.
Nitric oxide releasing novel amino acid-derived polymeric nanotherapeutic with anti-inflammatory properties for rapid wound tissue regeneration
Authors: Gupta Prem Shankar , Wasnik Kirti , Patra Sukanya , Pareek Divya , Singh Gurmeet , Yadav Desh Deepak , Maity Somedutta , Paik Pradip
Published: December 2023

The prepared PNAG NPs loaded with SNPs induce cell migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis, thus reducing inflammation and accelerating in vivo wound healing.
In situ growth of a redox-active metal–organic framework on electrospun carbon nanofibers as a free-standing electrode for flexible energy storage devices
Authors: Abbas Zahir , Hussain Nissar , Kumar Surender , Mobin Shaikh M.
Published: December 2023

The rational construction of free-standing and flexible electrodes based on redox MOF with CNF for electrochemical energy storage devices. The prepared electrode having flexibility at different angles and also utilized to enlighten LED.
Designing nanodiscs as versatile platforms for on-demand therapy
Authors: Mu Qianwen , Deng Haolan , An Xiaoyu , Liu Gang , Liu Chao
Published: December 2023

This review summarizes the classifications, advantages, and applications of nanodiscs in disease therapy.
p-block doped semi-metallic xenes as highly selective and efficient transition-metal free single atom catalysts for electrochemical CO reduction
Authors: Bui Huong T. D. , Brinck Tore
Published: December 2023

Electronic structure of boron-doped silicene is optimized for CORR and selective towards methanol with an overpotential of less than 0.1 V.
Correct Information Unit Analysis in Different Discourse Tasks Among Persons With Anomic Aphasia Based on Mandarin AphasiaBank
Authors: Deng Bao-Mei , Liang Li-Si , Zhao Jia-Xin , Zheng Hai-Qing , Hu Xi-Quan
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

This study aimed to explore how well persons with anomic aphasia communicate information during discourse regarding quantity, quality, and efficiency compared to neurotypical controls, to investigate the influence of discourse tasks on informativeness and efficiency and to examine impact factors like aphasia severity and cognitive ability.

Method:

Language samples of four discourse tasks from 31 persons with anomic aphasia and 31 neurotypical controls were collected from Mandarin AphasiaBank. Correct information unit (CIU) analysis measures including the total number of CIUs, percentage of CIUs, CIUs per minute, and words per minute were calculated. Group differences and the effects of discourse tasks on informativeness and efficiency were investigated. Correlations of CIU analysis measures with aphasia severity and cognitive ability were examined.

Results:

Persons with anomic aphasia showed lower efficiency in conveying information than controls. They underperformed controls on all CIU analysis measures when executing story narrative tasks. Discourse tasks influenced the informativeness and efficiency of both groups. Neurotypical controls delivered the greatest quantity of information most efficiently when narrating stories. Persons with anomic aphasia exhibited reduced quantity of information during procedural discourse and displayed superior information quality in sequential-picture descriptions. Discourse information may be impacted by aphasia severity and cognitive ability, with varying effects depending on the task.

Conclusions:

Persons with anomic aphasia are inefficient in communicating discourse messages and perform poorly on all measures in story narratives. When measuring discourse information, the effects of discourse tasks and factors like aphasia severity and cognitive ability should be considered.
Studying Conversational Adjustments in Interaction: Beyond Acoustic Phonetic Changes
Authors: Pham Catherine T. , Viswanathan Navin
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

We examined which measures of complexity are most informative when studying language produced in interaction. Specifically, using these measures, we explored whether native and nonnative speakers modified the higher level properties of their production beyond the acoustic–phonetic level based on the language background of their conversation partner.

Method:

Using a subset of production data from the Wildcat Corpus that used Diapix, an interactive picture matching task, to elicit production, we compared English language production at the dyad and individual level across three different pair types: eight native pairs (English–English), eight mixed pairs (four English–Chinese and four English–Korean), and eight nonnative pairs (four Chinese–Chinese and four Korean–Korean).

Results:

At both the dyad and individual levels, native speakers produced longer and more clausally dense speech. They also produced fewer silent pauses and fewer linguistic mazes relative to nonnative speakers. Speakers did not modify their production based on the language background of their interlocutor.

Conclusions:

The current study examines higher level properties of language production in true interaction. Our results suggest that speakers' productions were determined by their own language background and were independent of that of their interlocutor. Furthermore, these demonstrated promise for capturing syntactic characteristics of language produced in true dialogue.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.24712956
“Nobody Has a Caseload Called,
Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury
”: Rationale to Include TBI Content Into Audiology Programs
Authors: Šarkić Bojana , Douglas Jacinta Mary , Simpson Andrea
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

Understanding the wide-ranging effects of traumatic brain injury (TBI), including posttraumatic auditory and vestibular disturbances, is an essential part of shaping audiology students' readiness for clinical practice. Several recent audiology studies revealed discrepancies in knowledge and application among practicing audiologists in Australia concerning TBI. These studies emphasize the need of exploring the existing TBI-related curriculum within Australian graduate audiology programs.

Method:

A qualitative research design employing semistructured interviews was conducted. A total of six leading academic educators from all six Australian graduate audiology programs participated in the study. Interview transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results:

Implementation of TBI content into audiological curricula was found to be influenced by three interrelated themes: professional culture, contextual barriers, and practice of teaching and learning.

Conclusions:

The findings provide an insight into the perceived barriers associated with incorporating TBI-related content into existing audiology curricula. The findings highlight the importance of enhancing audiology curricula in relation to TBI, ensuring that graduate audiologists can provide high-quality care and management for patients with posttraumatic audiovestibular disturbances.
The Effectiveness of Slightly Thick Liquids for Improving Swallowing in Bottle-Fed Children With Aerodigestive Concerns
Authors: Mancopes Renata , Hersh Cheryl J. , Baars Rebecca , Panes Vanessa , Sorbo Jessica , Sutton Danielle , Peladeau-Pigeon Melanie , Fracchia Mary S. , Steele Catriona M.
Published: December 2023

Purpose:

Strategies for facilitating safe and functional bottle feeding in children with dysphagia include selecting nipples that reduce flow rate, pacing, altered positioning, and thickening liquid consistencies. We aimed to determine the impact of slightly thick liquids on swallowing through retrospective review of a convenience sample of clinical videofluoroscopic swallowing studies (VFSS) from 60 bottle-fed children (21 boys and 39 girls, mean age of 9.9 months) referred due to suspected aspiration.

Method:

Eligible VFSS exams were those in which the child swallowed both thin and slightly thick barium (40% w/v Varibar barium) using the same nipple. VFSS sequences (i.e., uninterrupted portions of the VFSS recording) were randomly assigned in duplicate for rating by trained raters; discrepancies were resolved by consensus. Parameters measured included number of swallows/sequence, sucks/swallow, swallow and sequence duration, number and timing of penetration or aspiration events, laryngeal vestibule closure integrity, and pharyngeal residue. Chi-square tests, linear mixed-model analyses of variance, and Wilcoxon signed-ranks tests identified consistency effects.

Results:

There were no aspiration events in these recordings. Slightly thick liquids resulted in significantly fewer penetration events (
p
< .05), increased sucks/swallow, fewer swallows/sequence, and longer swallow and sequence durations. The number of children with ≥ 1 sequence showing pyriform sinus residue was significantly higher with slightly thick liquids.

Conclusions:

Slightly thick liquids can be effective in reducing penetration in bottle-fed children with dysphagia. However, slightly thick liquids may also lead to a safety–efficiency trade-off, with increased risk of pyriform sinus residue. Thickening for children with dysphagia should be considered only when other approaches are not effective. Overthickening should be avoided to limit negative impact on swallowing efficiency.
Analysis of the first coronagraphic multi-band observations of a sungrazing comet
Authors: Bemporad A. , Pennella S. , Battams K. , Giordano S. , Gray B. , Knight M. M. , Naletto G. , Nisticò G. , Raymond J. C. , Romoli M. , Thompson W. T. , Abbo L. , Andretta V. , Burtovoi A. , Capuano G. , Corso A. , Da Deppo V. , De Leo Y. , Fineschi S. , Frassati F. , Giarrusso M. , Guglielmino S. , Heinzel P. , Jerse G. , Landini F. , Liberatore A. , Moses D. , Nicolini G. , Pancrazzi M. , Patel R. , Romano P. , Russano G. , Sasso C. , Spadaro D. , Stangalini M. , Susino R. , Teriaca L. , Uslenghi M.
Published: December 2023

Context. Between 24 and 25 December 2021 a sungrazing comet (SOHO-4341) approached the Sun, being observed by “classical” visible light (VL) coronagraphs on board the SOHO and STEREO missions, and also by the innovative Metis coronagraph on board the ESA-NASA Solar Orbiter mission in the VL and ultraviolet (UV H I Lyman-α) band.

Aims. We show how VL data acquired by the Metis coronagraph can be combined with those provided by other space-based coronagraphs to reconstruct the comet orbit, but also to provide information on the dust composition from the polarized VL emission. Moreover, we show how the UV emission can be employed to measure local plasma parameters of the ambient solar wind.

Methods. By using the comet positions tracked with VL Metis images (with spatial resolution that is four times better than UV), the UV images (with a time cadence that is five times faster than VL) have been coaligned to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio in the UV band. The local electron density ne was measured from the observed exponential decay of the UV Lyman-α intensity along the tail, while the solar wind speed vwind was measured from the UV Lyman-α tail inclination with respect to the cometary orbital path deprojected in 3D. Moreover, the proton kinetic temperature Tk was also obtained by the aperture angle of the UV Lyman-α tail.

Results. When the comet was at an average heliocentric distance of 14.3 R⊙, the comet had a radial speed of 155 km s−1 and a tangential speed of 59 km s−1. The comet had a UV Lyman-α tail extending in the anti-solar direction over more than 1.5 R⊙. From the analysis of the tail shape in UV we obtained the local solar wind speed (vwind = 190 km s−1), electron density (ne = 1.5 × 104 cm−3), and proton temperature (Tk = 1.2 × 106 K). Moreover, theoretical analysis of the measured UV Lyman-α intensity allowed us to estimate the radius of the cometary nucleus (Rcom = 65 m) and the water outgassing rate (QH2O = 4.8 × 1028 molec s−1).

Conclusions. These results show that sungrazing comets are unique “local probes” for the ambient coronal plasma, providing measurements that are not as affected by the line-of-sight integration effects as those provided by remote sensing instruments, in regions of the Heliosphere that are not explored in situ by the ongoing space missions.
SOC Estimation of Li-ion Battery using on Variational Mode Decomposition and Transformer-Generative Adversarial Network
Authors: Wang Chen , Jiao Shangbin , Wu Pengyue , Kou Shuichao , Wang Xiaohui
Published: December 2023

Accurate estimation of the state of charge (SOC) of lithium battery is crucial to improve the dynamic performance and energy utilization of batteries. The method, the existing neural network are used to estimate SOC, has the problems of low accuracy and poor stability under complex working conditions. A new algorithm are proposed to estimate the SOC, which combines Transformer and Generative Adversarial Network (GAN), and the Variational Modal Decomposition (VMD). Firstly, as the excellent prediction ability of Transformer, Transformer is used as the generative network of GAN. Secondly, VMD is used to decompose the SOC historical data into six subsets to increase the input features. Finally, DST work data from the University of Maryland CALCE dataset is used for model training, and the VMD-Transformer-GAN algorithm is compared with LSTM, GRU, and BiLSTM algorithms for experiments. The experimental results show that the VMD-Transformer-GAN algorithm algorithmic estimation model has high stability and accuracy, which verifies the feasibility of the improved scheme.
Analysis of Fin Interruptions on the Natural Convection of Heat Sinks
Authors: Lin Wei , Qin Yang , Su Lei
Published: December 2023

For heat sinks with high fins used in outdoor high-power electronic equipment, this paper proposes a natural convection heat transfer calculation method based on the chimney effect and uses this method and numerical simulation to analyze the heat transfer performance of the heat sinks with interrupted fins. Results show that the interrupted fins effectively improve the convective heat transfer coefficient of the fins by breaking the thermal boundary layer of the fins, and have a significant effect on the air flow between the fins. When the fin interruption length is 1mm and the number of interrupts is 15, the natural convection heat transfer performance of the heat sink is the best. Compared to heat sinks of the same size without interrupted fins, the thermal performance has been improved by 80% while reducing weight by 7%.
Practice and Enlightenment of Australian Virtual Power Plant Participating in Market Operation
Authors: Fu Jingyu , Zhou Tao , Zhao Xueting , He Chuan , Lin Zhemin , Xiong Yiheng , Zhao Jiaxin
Published: December 2023

Under the new power system, the proportion of new energy and new entities continues to grow, new business users are diversified, and the power supply and demand sides exhibit a "double randomness" characteristic. Faced with such challenges, VPP (Virtual Power Plant), as source network load storage integrators that aggregate multiple distributed resources, provide the possibility for the supply-demand balance of the power system. At present, there is no mature operation mode for VPP in China, and they still rely mainly on aggregating load side resources for demand response. This article analyses Australia's participation, trading patterns, and profitability in the electricity market and ancillary services market, summarizes the profit and risk points of VPP in Australia, and proposes relevant suggestions for improving the business model of VPP and promoting their entry into the market in China based on the actual situation.
Wind Speed Prediction Model Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Feng Lina , Wang Yang , Yan Yang , Wang Xiao , Liu Ning , Ding Wenting
Published: December 2023

This article selects hourly wind speed data recorded by meteorological monitoring stations as the dataset, and conducts in-depth analysis on the preprocessing methods of wind speed data in response to the nonlinearity and instability of wind speed time series. At the same time, the algorithm principles and steps of empirical mode decomposition, comprehensive empirical mode decomposition, and complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition were introduced, and the decomposition results of different methods were compared. In addition, in the selection of prediction algorithms for wind speed prediction models, the theoretical basis and algorithm steps of backpropagation neural networks, deep confidence networks, and long-term and short-term memory neural networks were studied, and a single model prediction performance comparison was conducted on three time series short-term prediction models. Compared with the LSTM model, the RMSE of the model established in this article decreased by 0.9422, MAE decreased by 0.6789, and MAPE decreased by 7.23%.
Photovoltaic global maximum power point tracking method based on fuzzy PI control
Authors: Yang Fanglin , Chang Xiaoheng
Published: December 2023

At present, algorithms for finding the maximum power point of photovoltaic systems generally have some limitations, especially in cases of uneven light intensity, traditional algorithms often fall into local optima, with limited application space, and their tracking speed and stability are also not very good. To address this issue and improve tracking performance, the combination control of global scanning and fuzzy PI control is proposed. This combination control can avoid falling into local optima and achieve stable output of maximum power. This article first proves theoretically that the proposed method can achieve maximum power output; Then, an experimental platform was built for testing. Build control and sampling circuits and use a solar simulator to irradiate the photovoltaic array unevenly. In this environment, test the control effects of combination control, conductivity increment method, and disturbance observation method respectively. Through testing, it was found that compared to conductivity increment method and disturbance observation method, the proposed method in this article has faster tracking speed, higher output power, and better stability. The overall performance of combination control is better than other algorithms and has a relatively broad application space.
Study on mutagenesis of high protease producing thermophilic bacteria by UV-DES and hydrolysis of excess sludge
Authors: Wang Changwei , Ning Zhifang , Zhong Weizhang , Li Yanfei , Hou Jiwei , Wang Zhaoyang , Zhang Haoran , Dong Xilei
Published: December 2023

Excess sludge a resource-rich organic waste, can be solubilized by thermophilic enzymes to extract proteins and anaerobic digestion of methane production to reduce sludge and use resources. At the same time, it can improve new ideas to relieve the pressure of the energy industry. To solve the problems of low enzyme-producing activity of wild strains and low hydrolysis rate of ES, this study utilized UV-DES compound mutagenesis to screen dominant mutant strains under optimized conditions, which were added to ES hydrolysis reaction system. The results showed that UV-DES mutagenesis could effectively improve the ability of S-TE and promote the hydrolysis of ES. The protease activity of the mutant strain KT16 obtained by screening was 46.7% higher than that of the original strain DC8. KT16 effectively degraded insoluble organic matter, reduced the average particle size of ES, and increased the concentrations of extracellular proteins, polypeptides, and amino acids to 1731.8, 521.3, and 510 mg·L-1, respectively. This study will provide a reference for the resource utilized.
Under Different Working Conditions Carbon Oxides and Nitrogen Oxides Emission of n-Butanol and LNG in Diesel Engine
Authors: Ding Yang , Wang Ruolan , Wu Tian , Fang Zixian , Shao Guoyu
Published: December 2023

Through the establishment of covering substances such as CH4, C4H10O, nitride specific combustion reaction mechanism, carbon oxides and nitrogen oxides emissions can be simulated by CHEMKIN-PRO at the four fuel mixing ratios and same excess air coefficient, the Man 6S35ME-B9dual-stroke diesel engine was used as the experimental object. Changes in temperature, pressure, mole fraction of NO and mole fraction of CO2 in the reactor were investigated at 1.5, and the influence factors of crank angle on pollutant emission of marine diesel engine under various operating conditions were studied. The simulation results show that with the loss of the diesel engine rotating speed, exhaust temperature and exhaust pressure significantly reduced. In the meantime, the mole-percent of NO and CO2 decreased with the decrease of rotational speed. Compared with the rotational speed of 142 r/min, the molar mass of NO and CO2 in exhaust gas decreased by 54.7% and 24.1% at 89.5 r/min, respectively.
Power System Peak Regulation Demand Forecasting Based on LSTM Neural Network
Authors: Lin Yi , Wu Wei , Lin Wei , Lin Azhu
Published: December 2023

In the context of a high proportion of renewable energy integrated to the power grid, the net load may has significant fluctuations, and it is necessary to quantify peak regulation demand of power system. This paper stablishes a peak regulation demand prediction model based on long short-term memory (LSTM) method by training historical data. The typical data such as load and renewable energy output are selected as the input vector, and correlation coefficients are used to process and simplify the input vector. The historical prediction errors are used to set margins for peak regulation demand prediction. The case study shows that the proposed model can effectively predict the peak regulation demand of the power system.
The distributed trading platform design based on blockchain technology
Authors: Zeng Zhensong , Zhang Shiming , Chen Zhiming , Ruan Di , Lin Hongyang
Published: December 2023

At present, Chinese renewable energy generation is growing rapidly, distributed power trading as a market-oriented means to promote the consumption of renewable energy power has attracted wide attention. It is urgent to optimize the mechanism design and build a credible and efficient trading environment to meet the needs of credibility and timeliness of large-scale multi-agent transactions. This paper first constructs a distributed power trading mechanism considering multi-subject transactions, and then elaborates the design idea of the power distributed trading platform based on blockchain technology from three aspects: total volume architecture, platform core technology and platform deployment. Finally, based on the operation of the actual power trading center in a certain region, field application verification is carried out, which proves the effectiveness and superiority of the distributed trading platform designed in this paper based on blockchain technology. The next research will continue to expand the typical model application pilot in the applicable areas to further improve the platform functions.
Analysis of carbon emission status in Gansu Province and suggestions on electric power transformation under the goal of "dual carbon"
Authors: Tang Wenwen , Ren Kang
Published: December 2023

As an important transmission corridor of "West-east power transmission" and the central hub of the power grid in northwest China and has obvious resource advantages in the power and location of the country. And it will accelerate the construction of a new power system to adapt to the gradual increase in the proportion of new energy, from the traditional energy consumption structure dominated by coal power to the new energy consumption structure, new energy will enter the stage of high-quality leapfrog development, in order to achieve the "double carbon" goal as soon as possible. Based on the analysis of carbon emissions in Gansu province, especially in the power industry, this paper demonstrates the overall situation of carbon emissions in Gansu province, and points out the status of new energy in Gansu province combined with the latest energy resources and the existing regional development situation, and puts forward relevant suggestions to adapt to the development of new energy in Gansu province under the "dual carbon" goal.
Phase stability and magnetic properties of B2 and L10 PtMn1-XFeX alloys: a cluster expansion and ab initio approach
Authors: Diale Ramogohlo , Ngoepe Phuti , Moema Joseph , Phasha Maje , Chauke Hasani
Published: December 2023

MnPt-based alloys are promising new materials for magnetic recording and spintronic applications due to their interesting magnetic properties. The underlying thermodynamic properties are still unclear, despite numerous efforts to improve ferromagnetic stability through alloying. In this work, the phase stability of B2 and L10 PtMn1-xFex alloys is investigated using a combination of density functional theory (DFT) and Cluster Expansion (CE). CE model accuracy is evaluated against DFT data, where cross-validation scores were found to be reasonable. The CE generated 16 and 27 new structures on B2 and L10 PtMn1-xFex, respectively. The ground state line predicted 6 stable structures with negative formation energies for both B2 and L10 PtMn1-xFex alloys, suggesting thermodynamic stability. Furthermore, the magnetic strength of the ground state structures is evaluated using DFT.
Numerical methods in predicting residual stresses in laser powder bed fusion developed parts – a scoping review
Authors: Oyedeji Ayodeji , Sacks Natasha , Venter Andrew , Pötschke Johannes
Published: December 2023

The study reviews the numerical methods for predicting residual stresses in parts manufactured with additive manufacturing (AM) technique, such as laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF). L-PBF is a fast-growing technology with enormous potential for creating complex geometries with improved properties as compared to conventional processes. However, parts produced with L-PBF are susceptible to higher magnitudes of residual stresses, particularly tensile stresses as compared to compressive stresses, leading to geometrical distortions. While newly developed materials offer excellent properties and benefits to the industrial sector, the residual stresses that develop when parts are produced using the L-PBF process remain unexplored. The study evaluates three numerical simulation methods, such as thermomechanical modelling (TMM), inherent strain method (ISM), and multi-scale modelling (MSM) used to predict residual stresses in L-PBF parts. Each method has its advantages and limitations, and the best method depends on the specific application and available resources. The review highlights the potential benefits of numerical simulation methods for predicting residual stresses in L-PBF parts and compared to experimental results. Thus, the study recommends that future research should focus on improving the accuracy of numerical simulation methods for predicting residual stresses in L-PBF parts through refinement processes and exploring the impact of residual stresses on the L-PBF parts through detailed characterization.
First-principles study of binary austenitic Ni-Cu alloys
Authors: Phasha Maje , Morudu Veronica , Mphela Caroline
Published: December 2023

The backbone of the Monel alloys is built on the Ni-Cu system. As a result of their inherent properties such as high strength, toughness and excellent corrosion resistance, these alloys are widely used in marine, chemical and oil industries. A major setback of Ni-Cu alloys in application is the unsatisfactory wear performance. One way to get a grip around this issue is by understanding their fundamental properties. Thus, in order to lay a foundation for future materials development, this study employs first-principles approach to predict structural and mechanical properties of binary Ni-Cu austenitic alloys.
The role of hydrogen in the corrosion-induced reduction of KR critical fracture toughness and intergranular secondary cracking in a high-strength aluminium alloy
Authors: Pretorius Christiaan , Mostert Roelf
Published: December 2023

It is shown that short-term exposure of AA2024-T3 material to an exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) solution leads to a reduction of non-plane strain fracture toughness and the formation of secondary surface cracks during plastic straining. The study aims to establish whether the secondary cracking effect and the fracture toughness reduction are due to corrosion-induced hydrogen embrittlement. It is hypothesized that, if hydrogen-embrittlement is the cause of the intergranular secondary cracking (ISC) and fracture toughness degradation, post-exposure heat treatment would restore the mechanical property degradation and reduce the ISC formation through the desorption of diffusible hydrogen. It was found that the solution and ageing heat treatments restored the fracture toughness of the alloy. However, the ISC behaviour persisted. The results are discussed and interpreted in terms of hydrogen embrittlement theory.
Evolution of microstructures in high and low Ti/Al ratio ferritic stainless steels after hot rolling
Authors: Asante Joshua T. , Siyasiya Charles W.
Published: December 2023

The evolution of microstructures after hot rolling was studied on high and low Ti/Al ratio ferritic stainless steels. The steels were hot rolled using the Gleeble 1500D® thermomechanical simulation machine. The evolution of the microstructures was compared using the electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) mode of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM) methods by studying the grain sizes and recrystallization after hot rolling. The results showed that after hot rolling, the grain structure of the high Ti/Al ratio steel was more pancake like and smaller with high volume fraction of recrystallized grains. These recrystallised grains were mostly localised around TiNb(C,N) particles, which suggested particle stimulated nucleation (PSN) of grains. It was therefore seen that PSN occurred in both steels and therefore there was supposed fine grains and improved texture in both steels but the initial grain size prior to deformation overrides the effect of occurrence of PSN. Starting deformation with fine grained material yields higher recrystallization microstructures and textures.
Effects of powder particle charging during RF plasma spheroidisation process
Authors: Makhofane Milton , Bissett Hertzog , Kolesnikov Andrei
Published: December 2023

Plasma spheroidisation converts irregular shaped particles to spherical morphology. The transformation occurs rapidly due to the high temperature of the plasma. This study highlights the effects of particle charging during spheroidisation of Ti6Al4V utilising a 15 kW radio frequency (RF) inductively coupled Tekna plasma system. Particles introduced into the RF plasma system acquire an equilibrium charge below 10-9 seconds. The determined Coulomb coupling parameters of the particle in the RF plasma indicates that the particle will form a Coulomb crystal when flowing through the plasma section.
Investigation of TiB distribution characteristics on the microstructure of in situ TiB/Ti6Al4V-ELI manufactured by laser metal deposition
Authors: Lekoadi Paul , Tlotleng Monnamme , Siyasiya Charles , Masina Bathusile
Published: December 2023

This study presents the investigation of TiB distribution characteristics on the microstructure of in-situ synthesized TiB/Ti6Al4V single-track composites manufacture with laser metal deposition. Ti6Al4V alloy was reinforced by adding TiB2ceramic at mass volumes of 0%, 1% and 2% for microstructure modification and mechanical properties enhancement. The TiB/Ti6Al4V composite was characterized using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) and microhardness. It was found that the addition of TiB2resulted in the transformation of the prior β-grain into two types of morphologies of dendritic and columnar microstructures. Furthermore, the increase in the amount of TiB2resulted in the reduction of the volume fraction of β-Ti phase, with the in situ formed TiB replacing and occupying the β-Ti positions. Deposition at 2% promoted the formation of unmelted TiB2particles which promoted hardness increase to 496 ± 17 HV.
Streamlining factory simulations with an intuitive factory layout tool
Authors: de Ronde W. , Crafford G. , Roux P. , Wenhold D.
Published: December 2023

Complex factory layouts can be improved by performing optimization on the layout in discrete event simulation packages. Creating models of complex factories in these simulation packages can, however, be very time-consuming and generally requires a highly skilled operator. This work proposes an intuitive factory layout tool that greatly reduces the time required to create a factory layout in simulation packages, allowing optimization and simulations to be run with greater ease. By lowering the skills level required, the tool allows for the client to be part of the simulation loop, thus enabling faster iteration between different layout options.
A comparison of visual place recognition methods using a mobile robot in an indoor environment
Authors: van Eden Beatrice , Botha Natasha , Rosman Benjamin
Published: December 2023

Spatial awareness is an important competence for a mobile robotic system. A robot needs to localise and perform context interpretation to provide any meaningful service. With the deep learning tools and readily available sensors, visual place recognition is a first step towards identifying the environment to bring a robot closer to spatial awareness. In this paper, we implement place recognition on a mobile robot considering a deep learning approach. For simple place classification, where the task involves classifying images into a limited number of categories, all three architectures; VGG16, Inception-v3 and ResNet50, perform well. However, considering the pros and cons, the choice may depend on available computational resources and deployment constraints.
Simulating object handover between collaborative robots
Authors: van Eden Beatrice , Botha Natasha
Published: December 2023

Collaborative robots are adopted in the drive towards Industry 4.0 to automate manufacturing, while retaining a human workforce. This area of research is known as human-robot collaboration (HRC) and focusses on understanding the interactions between the robot and a human. During HRC the robot is often programmed to perform a predefined task, however when working in a dynamic and unstructured environment this is not achievable. To this end, machine learning is commonly employed to train the collaborative robot to autonomously execute a collaborative task. Most of the current research is concerned with HRC, however, when considering the smart factory of the future investigating an autonomous collaborative task between two robots is pertinent. In this paper deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is considered to teach two collaborative robots to handover an object in a simulated environment. The simulation environment was developed using Pybullet and OpenAI gym. Three DRL algorithms and three different reward functions were investigated. The results clearly indicated that PPO is the best performing DRL algorithm as it provided the highest reward output, which is indicative that the robots were learning how to perform the task, even though they were not successful. A discrete reward function with reward shaping, to incentivise the cobot to perform the desired actions and incremental goals (picking up the object, lifting the object and transferring the object), provided the overall best performance.
Optimization-based path planning and collision avoidance for autonomous racing
Authors: Keanly Oran , Engelbrecht Jacobus Adriaan Albertus
Published: December 2023

This paper presents a hierarchical motion planner for autonomous racing. The long-term motion planner functions offline and formulates the optimal motion plan for the entire race track. The short-term collision avoidance planner functions online and formulates a motion plan for a limited horizon ahead of the autonomous car when an obstacle is detected in the path of the vehicle. The motion planners formulate the planning problems as optimal control problems and solve the resulting optimizations using an interior point optimizer (IPOPT). Simulation experiments show that an autonomous vehicle using the motion planner is able to race around the track with minimum lap time while avoiding unexpected obstacles.