bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DO COLD TEMPERATURES AFFECT THE SPREAD OF THE NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION?
Authors:   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia, Sabgayda T.P , Zubko F.V. ,   Federal Research Institute for Health Organization and Informatics of Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
Published: March 2021

Significance. There are many studies on the influence of climate on the spread of coronavirus, however, the effect of low temperatures on the development of the COVID-19 epidemic is yet to be determined. Purpose: to evaluate impact of low temperatures on the spread of the new coronavirus infection. Material and methods. Dynamics in newly detected cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection for the period from November 1 to December 31 in 85 regions of the Russian Federation has been analyzed. Based on discrepancies in the projected course of the COVID-19 epidemic according to data for the periods from November 1 - December 7 and November 1 - December 20, groups of the regions have been formed. Mean values of risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 have been compared across these groups. The extrapolation method was used for forecasting with analytical alignment of the temporal series. The procedure has then been repeated for the periods from November 1 - December 20 and December 16-31. Results. In the second part of December, deterioration of the epidemic situation was projected in two groups, while improvement of the epidemic situation was projected in two groups, and an unchanged level of detection of new cases of infection was projected in one group. The average monthly temperatures in December in the groups with the projected rise in the number of infections were significantly higher than in other groups. The tendency towards improvements in the forecast of the epidemic situation as the risk factors change is disrupted by the group with stabilization in the number of cases after the increasing trend. In this group, the average monthly temperature (-6.4°C [-7.8 — -5.0]) is higher than in the group with the unchanged epidemic situation (-8.5°C [-9.4 — -7.5]), where the influence of low temperatures was likely to manifest by the beginning of December. In the group with the decreased number of cases, the average temperature was (-18.3°C [-20.8 — -15.9]. With changes in trends in the third part of December, significant differences between subgroups were registered only in terms of the mean monthly temperature with the rest of the risk factors being identified in some cases only. In general, no correlation between the COVID-19 infection and the average monthly temperature was identified in the country. There is a correlation between the prevalence and the number of doctors (r = 0.33) and population density (r = 0.37), but the trend towards better forecasts in the regions does not agree with the last risk factor. Conclusion. The study results support the hypothesis that low air temperatures reduce the SARS-COV-2 transmission. Their influence is manifested in the regions with a fairly high level of the infection prevalence.
IMPACT OF DIFFERENT GROUPS OF CONTRACEPTIVES ON THE FEMALE GENERAL CONDITION AND REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM. ANALYTICAL REVIEW
Authors:   Magadan Maternity Hospital, Magadan, Russia, Pavlov Ya.N.
Published: March 2021

Considering the activity level of a modern woman and her desire for self-development and self-realization, she independently regulates and chooses the time that, in her opinion, is the most favorable for creating a family and having a child. Considering the fact that in most cases women use contraceptives to regulate pregnancy and childbirth, the issue of selecting the most effective contraceptive without negative consequences or health disturbances including reproductive system becomes extremely relevant. The purpose of this review is to identify contraceptives that, according to medical researchers and gynecologists, have minimum or no negative impact on women's health and yet help to prevent pregnancy. The analysis of WHO recommendations and conclusions made by both Russian and foreign researchers, including Yaglov V.V., Crosignani PG, H.K. Kallner, K. G. Danielsson and others during the past 10 years, has identified contraceptives with minimum negative effects and the highest possible effectiveness. Based on the conducted literature review, the following main groups of contraceptives have been identified and classified: hormonal (combined estrogen-gastrogenic drugs, mini-pills, injectable drugs, subcutaneous implants, hormonal, etc.) barrier (vaginal diaphragm, cervical cap, contraceptive sponge); biological methods (temperature method, cervical method, symptothermal method). The study showed that hormonal-type drugs turned out to have the highest effectiveness (99.9%) with negative consequences including hormonal disruptions, excess weight gain, and cancer development in rare cases. Regardless of the contraceptive type selected, the woman should first undergo a medical examination and consult a gynecologist who will tell which contraceptives are most appropriate in each case. Most researchers in the field of medicine and gynecology agree that the safest and most effective contraceptive method is male barrier contraceptives - condoms that do not have a negative effect on the female health, except for possible allergic reactions to lubricants used by the manufacturer.
El talento humano, una perspectiva desde la gerencia en las mipymes
Authors: Silva-Giraldo Cesar Augusto , Dugarte-Mendoza Juan Sebastián , Rueda-Mahecha Yohanna Milena
Published: March 2021

Rev.esc.adm.neg

El estudio que da origen a este artículo se realizó con el fin de analizar la percepción de la gerencia con relación a la gestión del talento humano en las mipymes. Para el análisis se utilizó una investigación de tipo descriptiva con un enfoque mixto y un diseño transversal no experimental; y se estableció como población objeto de estudios a los propietarios, gerentes y directivos de las mipymes ubicadas en los municipios de Bucaramanga, Floridablanca, Girón y Piedecuesta del departamento de Santander, Colombia. Finalmente se hizo una selección de muestra poblacional de mil veinticinco individuos que ocupan los cargos establecidos dentro de la población objeto. Destacando factores positivos y negativos que se dan en la gestión del personal, e impactan la mejora de la relación entre las directivas y colaboradores, se pudo establecer una serie de postulados y supuestos de acuerdo a las variables analizadas. Además, teniendo en cuenta los estudios consultados y los resultados, se resalta que gran parte de la relación entre las partes se define a partir de la visión de responsabilidad, lealtad, capacidad, clima laboral, condición salarial y participación de los colaboradores en las decisiones de la organización. Lo que en su conjunto permite mejorar las condiciones de efectividad y eficiencia organizacional y por tanto, su competitividad.
La conducta financiera entre estudiantes universitarios emprendedores
Authors: Décaro-Santiago Laura Angélica , Soriano-Hernández María Guadalupe , Benítez-Guadarrama Juan Pedro , Soriano-Hernández Juana Gabriela
Published: March 2021

Rev.esc.adm.neg

Para reducir parte de las barreras del emprendimiento y disminuir los índices de mortandad de las empresas de nueva creación, es necesario generar estrategias que fomenten decisiones en temas de finanzas personales entre los estudiantes universitarios, de manera más consciente y precisa. Teniendo en cuenta que el papel de las instituciones de educación superior es determinante para fortalecer dicha capacidad, el objetivo de esta investigación es explorar la conducta financiera de los estudiantes universitarios de dos centros universitarios de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEM). Esto al hacer la distinción entre aquellos que son emprendedores, emprendedores potenciales y aquellos que no los son, con la finalidad de identificar conductas en temas de crédito, ahorro y administración del dinero, sin olvidar los niveles de inclusión en el sistema financiero formal. La recolección de los datos se obtuvo a través de la aplicación de un cuestionario de preguntas cerradas. La muestra se conformó con 518 estudiantes de Administración, Contaduría, Derecho, Psicología, Ingeniería en Computación e Informática. Se utilizaron herramientas de medición tales como frecuencias y pruebas de asociación de variables de la estadística descriptiva. Entre los principales resultados se identifica que el 14,5 % de los estudiantes son emprendedores, mientras que el 69,7 % son emprendedores potenciales. Además, se identifica dependencia del estatus del emprendimiento con la inclusión al crédito formal, el pago de tarjetas de crédito, el pago a tiempo de las cuentas, el análisis del gasto hormiga, el registro de los gastos y la asignación de recursos.
Estrategias de aprendizaje organizacional y tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones para apoyar la gestión de conocimiento en las pymes del Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Bermúdez-Arango Adriana Patricia , Cuéllar-Torres Carlos Julián , Riascos-Erazo Sandra Cristina
Published: March 2021

Rev.esc.adm.neg

La evolución en la sociedad ha conllevado a la consolidación de la economía del conocimiento, en la que las pymes se enfrentan al desafío de gestionar de forma adecuada el know how de la organización, para lo cual existen diversas prácticas organizacionales que facilitan este proceso. Teniendo en cuenta lo anterior, el artículo tiene como objetivo proponer una serie de estrategias que les permitan a las pymes fortalecer la gestión del conocimiento desde su relación con el aprendizaje organizacional y las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones (TIC). Este estudio se desarrolló a través de la aplicación de una encuesta estructurada con preguntas cerradas, dirigidas a los gerentes o líderes de 117 pymes del Valle del Cauca. Entre los principales resultados de la investigación se evidencia la carencia de un área formal para la gestión del conocimiento, y que las pymes cuentan con procesos colaborativos que facilitan compartir el conocimiento entre los miembros de la organización. Sin embargo, no se han establecido mecanismos formales e institucionales para la transferencia de conocimiento que permita una adecuada documentación y su correcto almacenamiento. Así mismo, existe una debilidad en la falta de cultura organizacional que fomente y facilite este intercambio de conocimiento, por lo cual se proponen algunas estrategias, como, por ejemplo, mejorar los mecanismos y las prácticas de transferencia y la implementación de plataformas virtuales de aprendizaje, entre otras.
Changes in Anterior Chamber Angle and Pupillary Diameter after Implantation of a New Posterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens
Authors: Sucu Mehmet Emin , Akbaş Yusuf Berk , Agca Alper , Demir Gökhan
Published: March 2021

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of the Eyecryl posterior chamber phakic intraocular lens (pIOL) on iridocorneal angle (ICA) parameters, anterior chamber depth (ACD), and pupillary size.Methods: The medical files of myopic patients who had implantation of the Eyecryl posterior chamber pIOL were reviewed retrospectively. Trabecular-iris space area at 500 and 750μm (TISA500, TISA750), angle opening distances at 500 and 750μm (AOD500, AOD750), anterior chamber depth (ACD), iridocorneal angle (ICA), and pupil diameter under different illumination conditions were analyzed preoperatively, and at 1 and 3 months postoperatively.Results: Ninety-three eyes of 48 patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 31.63 ±4.95 years (range, 21-54). The mean ICA decreased from 49.97° ± 6.33 before surgery to 30.75° ± 5.86 and 30.79° ± 5.74 at 1 and 3 months after surgery, respectively. The mean ACD was reduced from 3.23 ± 0.22 mm before surgery to 2.55 ± 0.34 mm and 2.46 ± 0.28 mm at 1 and 3 months after surgery, respectively. TISA500, TISA750, AOD500, and AOD750 were also reduced significantly after surgery. The mean pupil size under photopic, mesopic and scotopic illuminations decreased insignificantly by 1 month and continued to decrease significantly by 3 months after surgery.Conclusion: The implantation of the Eyecryl posterior chamber pIOL in myopic patients caused significant changes in anterior chamber parameters including ICA, ACD, TISA 500, TISA 750, AOD 500, AOD 750, and the pupil diameter under different illumination conditions.
Folate deficiency in early pregnancy increases the risk of low birth weight: survey of neonates in eastern China
Authors: Chen Yisheng , Ying Chunmei
Published: March 2021

Background

Low birth weight (LBW) is a major cause of fetal mortality and morbidity. This study aims to assess the relationship between maternal serum folate levels and LBW in early pregnancy in eastern China.
Methods

We conducted a retrospective study including 124 newborns with LBW (born ≥ 1500g to < 2500 g) and 393 normal birth weight neonates (NBW). The maternal methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism genotyping was performed by the gene chip hybrid method. The concentrations of serum homocysteine (hcy), folate, vitamin B12 and vitamin D were measured before 18 weeks of pregnancy. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to identify the predictors of LBW.
Results

After controlling the covariates, maternal underweight before pregnancy (AOR = 5.15: 95% CI 2.40, 11.05), folate deficiency in early pregnancy (AOR = 2.06: 95% CI 1.03, 4.09), preeclampsia during pregnancy (AOR = 6.02: 95% CI 2.83, 12.81), and premature delivery (AOR = 23.81: 95% CI 12.90, 43.95) were risk factors for LBW. However, multipara (AOR = 0.53:95% CI 0.31, 0.91) was a protective factor for LBW.
Conclusions

This study revealed different factors associated with LBW in eastern China. Sufficient folate before 18 weeks of pregnancy is a protective factor for LBW. Serum folate > 32.5 nmol/L can reduce the risk of LBW. Therefore, maternal screening of folate statue in the first trimester of pregnancy could be helpful.
Predictable clinical benefits without synergy in trials of combination therapies with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Palmer Adam (C.) , Izar Benjamin , Hwangbo Haeun , Sorger Peter
Published: March 2021

Hundreds of clinical trials are currently underway testing combinations of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) with other cancer therapies in the hope that drug combinations will be more effective than monotherapy. Enhanced efficacy is proposed to result from drug additivity or synergy involving mechanisms such as immune priming. In this paper we re-analyze progression free survival data from thirteen recent Phase III trials of ICI combinations and find that observed benefits are fully and accurately accounted for by an increased chance that each patient will respond to a single-agent, consistent with the predictions of drug independence, with no requirement for additive or synergistic efficacy. Thus, the likely anti-tumor efficacy of new ICI combinations can be reliably predicted from monotherapy data (Pearson r=0.98, P < 5×10-9, n = 4173 patients and 8 types of cancer), although predicting adverse effects is not yet possible. Realizing the clinical potential of drug additivity or synergy is likely to require biomarkers that identify patients in whom multiple constituents of a drug combination are active.
Clinical Research on Lens Cortex Removal Assisted by Hydropolish
Authors: Yao Lin , Bai Haiqing
Published: March 2021

Background: This retrospective study investigated the efficiency and safety of lens cortex removal assisted by a fluid-based capsular polishing technique, hydropolish. Study design: Prospective case series.Methods: Sixty patients were included in this study. All these patients underwent phacoemulsification cataract surgery using different sequences of surgical steps and were divided into two groups; hydropolish before irrigation/aspiration (I/A) (Group 1, 30 eyes) and I/A before hydropolish (Group 2, 30 eyes). Hydropolish and I/A cortex time, and time of the entire procedure were noted. Results: The hydropolish time was longer in group 1 than that in group 2 (P ≤ 0.001). The I/A cortex time and hydropolish and I/A cortex time together were not different between the two groups (P = 0.294 and P = 0.258, respectively). However, the time of the entire procedure was shorter in group 1 (P = 0.002). Conclusions: Lens cortex removal assisted by hydropolish is a safe, time saving, and simple surgery.
Experiences with scans and scanxiety in people with advanced cancer: A qualitative study
Authors: Bui Kim Tam , Blinman Prunella , Kiely Belinda E , Brown Chris , Dhillon Haryana M
Published: March 2021

Purpose: Scan-associated anxiety (‘scanxiety’) in people with advanced cancer is a common clinical problem. This study aims to explore the experiences of scans and scanxiety in people with advanced cancer, including their strategies to reduce scanxiety.Methods: Semi-structured qualitative interviews were conducted with people with advanced cancers who had a computed tomography scan for monitoring of their cancer. Data was analysed with an interpretivist approach using framework analysis. Results: Interviews with 16 participants identified three key themes: the scan experience, the scanxiety experience and coping with scans. Scans and scanxiety were viewed as a routine and normal part of cancer care, though this was experienced differently by each person. Scanxiety often related to the scan result rather than the scan, and lead to psycho-cognitive manifestations. Adaptive coping strategies were often self-derived.Conclusion: People with advanced cancer experience scanxiety, but often accept scanxiety as a normal part of the cancer process. The findings fit within a transactional model of stress and coping, which influences the level of scanxiety for each individual. Quantitative research to determine the scope of scanxiety will be useful to develop formal approaches to reduce scanxiety.
Association of Mammographic Density Reduction with Hormone Therapy and Relapse in Asian Breast Cancer Patients: A Multivariate Survival Analysis
Authors: Shia Wei-Chung , Wu Hwa-Koon , Lin Li-Sheng , Chen Dar-Ren
Published: March 2021

Purpose Currently, the ability to predict the development of resistance to hormone therapy (HT) in breast cancer patients is suboptimal, and attempts are ongoing to develop more specific prognostic markers for endocrine resistance. Several studies have shown that mammographic breast density is an important predictor of outcomes following adjuvant HT. This study aimed to evaluate HT-induced mammographic density (MD) reduction (MDR) and its association with relapse and metastasis in Taiwanese patients.MethodsIn this retrospective study conducted at the Changhua Christian Hospital, 1553 breast cancer patients were screened. Of these, 399 with luminal-like cancer who were first diagnosed between January 2011 and December 2017 and had received adjuvant HT (include treatment with tamoxifen, aromatase inhibitor or mixture) were enrolled. The mean follow-up period for all patients was 1847 days (median follow-up period was 1815 days). The MD was measured as a percentage using the automatic volumetric mammographic density estimation.ResultsWe found the MDR equally 20.8% which MD measured was before and after surgery and HT during 6 to 18 months was a significant cut-off threshold for good or pool diagnosis in breast cancer patients who receiving HT. By utilized the Cox proportion-hazards model analysis, the disease-free survival rate was significantly higher in MDR-positive patients (MDR > 20.8%) than in MDR-negative patients (MDR < 20.8%) (p = 0.048). Age, histologic grade, histologic stage, and lymph node metastasis showed a significant association with recurrence-free survival in all patients.ConclusionsOur results demonstrate the feasibility of using MDR to predict the preliminary outcomes of adjuvant HT in Asian breast cancer patients.
Origin of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interactions in the Intermetallic RMn2Si2 ( R= La, Ce, Yb and Y) Materials: A DFT Study
Authors: Bazine Widad , TAHIRI Najim , Elbounagui Omar , Ez-Zahraouy Hamid
Published: March 2021

The Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DM) are investigated using first-principles calculations by means of the WIENNCM code, an implementation of the FP-LAPW method. The intermetallic RMn2Si2 (R = La, Ce, Yb, and Y) materials exhibit a large spin-orbit effect after the density of states; they found a strong hybridization between Mn-Si and Mn-R atoms. Also, show a large noncollinear magnetic configuration depending on the R atoms. By using ab-initio calculations, the RKKY effect is observed in the RMn2Si2 materials, which shows explicitly the existence of the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) in these materials. Explicitly, the mechanisms responsible for the magnetoelectric coupling are due to relatively the effect of the presence of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya term.
Dependence of Capacitive Properties of an EDLC on Exfoliation Time of Graphite Electrodes
Authors: Rajaguru Dinithi S. K. , Vidanapathirana Kamal , Perera Kumudu S.
Published: March 2021

The scientific focus has been directed through the production and application of ‘wonder material- graphene’ after its discovery in 2004. But the mass production cost has become a huge disadvantage towards commercializing graphene based manufactures. As alternative low cost material, exfoliated graphite (EG) has emerged to be a novel nanostructured carbon material with a potential for electrochemical energy storage device applications owed to its unique characteristics similar to graphene. In this study a series of EG samples were prepared by a surfactant mediated liquid phase exfoliation method by changing the exfoliation time. Electrochemical double layer capacitors (EDLCs) were fabricated using different EG samples as an electrode material and a gel polymer electrolyte (GPE). They were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge discharge (GCD) techniques. EDLC having EG electrodes of 10 h exfoliation time showed the highest results with single electrode specific capacitance (Csc) of 4.12 F g− 1, single electrode specific discharge capacitance (Csd) of 1.10 F g− 1 and relaxation time of 0.22 s from CV, GCD and EIS respectively.
Transcultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of Family Quality of Life Survey for Caregivers of People With Neurodegenerative Disease: A Study of Spanish Families Who Live in the Rural Spain-Portugal Cross-border
Authors: Badia Marta , Orgaz M. Begoña , Vicario-Molina Isabel , González-Ortega Eva , Gómez-Vela María , Aza Alba , Martín-Delgado M. Antonia
Published: March 2021

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are one of the main causes of disability and dependence that have a great impact both on the quality of life of people with disabilities and their families. A majority of people with NDs receive career and support from the family, but there is no tool in Spain with which to measure whole-family QOL. The aim of this study was the translation, cultural adaptation, and validation of the FQOLS–Dementia into Spanish to assess FQOL among family members of individuals with NDs who live in the Spain-Portugal cross-border area.Method: The Spanish version was translated and adapted following the international guidelines for cross-cultural adaptation tests. A sample of 300 family caregivers was interviewed, applying an adapted version of the Family Quality Survey (FQOLS–Dementia). Confirmatory factor analysis was performed to validate the factor structure, and convergent validity was examined with Pearson’s correlation coefficients of the global FQOL with the domains. Internal consistency reliability was determined using Cronbach’s alpha.Results: The domain structure of the FQOLS–ND showed a good fit. In the convergent validity, it was found that the total score and the subscale domain scores were associated with the global FQOL score, except for the Values domain. Internal consistency of nine domain subscales was strong (α = .80 to .91), and excellent for the total FQOL (α = .95) and the global FQOL (α = .87).Conclusion: The FQOLS–ND presented good validity and reliability in caregiver families with individuals with ND, so its application shows its usefulness in detecting areas of improvement and intervention strategies for FQOL in the Spain-Portugal cross-border area.
Tri-doped Co-annealed Zinc Oxide Semi-conductor Synthesis and Characterization - Photodegradation of Dyes and Gas sensing Applications
Authors: Rakhra Manik , Verma Neha
Published: March 2021

Despite the fact that much of the research has been performed on ZnO-based nanoparticles but still a lot of unexplored The synthesis and characterization of the ZnO Nano rinds, which have been co-created using a simple combustion method, are documented here and are prepared with its sensor and photocatalytic degradations. In, Sn and SB specific quantity was used as dopants, while their effects were co-annealed on glass substrate at different temperatures, i.e. 1.0 percent and 1.5 percent at 5000C, 11000. At varying temperatures, the samples were coated on to the chosen substrate using doctor blade technique. Crystallite scale was measured to the range of 30-50 nm. At such temperatures the grain size measured for the samples was in range of 50-70 nm. This showed that the prepared Nano rods are well crystalline and have strong optical properties to handle. Studies of X ray diffraction showed the influential point (101). These coated samples designed for nitrogen gas sensing have been tested for the development of smart and functional instruments. Furthermore it was observed that the samples prepared at higher temperatures exhibit better recovery and better reaction time. Valance ion process explains the gas sensors fast reaction and long recovery time. Thus prepared ZnO nanoparticles are have photocattalytic degredation (99.86%) only in 55 min. We observed optimum exposure at an operating temperature of 1050C. It is notable that morphology of susceptible layer nanoparticles is preserved based on different tri-doping concentrations. The concentration of T2-ZnO nanoparticles for photodegradation of the DR-31 dye and NO2 gas sensing applications were 1.0 at.wt%
Phycoremediation of tertiary municipal wastewater: a new insight of filamentous algae coculture in Nordic country
Authors: Li Yan , Wood Ethan , Kosa Gergely , Muzamil Bushra , Vogelsang Christian , Holmstad Rune
Published: March 2021

This study demonstrated that the application of filamentous co-culture could be a promising supplementary approach to further purify municipal tertiary wastewater in Nordic country. Initial screening of 25 algae strains across multiple genera revealed that Spirogyra sp. and Klebsormidium sp. were suitable for use as a coculture for phycoremediation of the tertiary effluent from a wastewater treatment plant, and this result was validated in three consecutive outdoor pilot tests at 10–15 oC. In the first two batches of pilot tests, the total prosperous and ammonium were depleted close to zero in 24 hours, while the pH in the wastewater increased from 7 to 9. In the 3rd batch, CO2 was thereby added for pH control. Macronutrients (N and P) were successfully removed from the treated wastewater. The total algae biomass increased 2 to 3 times over 7 days with average algae productivity of 1.68 g m2 d− 1. Meanwhile, the produced algae biomass accumulated notable mineral elements (Ca, Mg, K, Fe and Al) and some heavy metals at levels of g kg− 1 and mg kg− 1, respectively. In light of circular economy concept, the produced biomass could be used for different valorizations based on the analytical analysis. This study provides a new insight of phycoremediation for further purification of municipal treated wastewater, by effectively using filamentous algae coculture. Given a great potential for further optimization and improvement, this proof of concept will benefit to the green transition of wastewater treatment plants in Nordic country.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Mesoporous MnC2O4 Nanorod/rGO Composite Anode for Lithium-ion Batteries
Authors: Zhang Ya-Nan , Xue Li-Ying , Zhang Yong , Su Jing , Long Yun-Fei Long , Lü Xiao-Yan , Wen Yan-Xuan
Published: March 2021

MnC2O4 is a promising anode material for high-energy lithium-ion batteries due to its low cost and high capacity. However, its application is limited by the poor cyclic-stability and rate performance caused by its low conductivity. Herein, mesoporous MnC2O4 nanorod/rGO composite is prepared via precipitation followed by a reflux reduction process, where MnC2O4 nanorods are attached to the surface of graphene through electrostatic adsorption. This composite delivers a discharge capacity of 1082, 964, and 808 mAh·g-1 after 200 cycles at 3, 5, and 8 C, respectively. The good electrochemical performance can be attributed to the synergistic effect between mesoporous nanorods and rGO. This synergistic effect not only offers high conductivity, nanoparticles, and abundant mesopores to accelerate electrode kinetics but also provides a more stable structure to reduce the volume effect during the charge/discharge process. Therefore, mesoporous MnC2O4 nanorod/rGO composite can find a potential application in high-energy lithium-ion batteries.
Association of Urinary Arsenic and Sleep Disorder in the U.S. Population: NHANES 2015-2016
Authors: Rahman Humairat H , Niemann Danielle , Yusuf Korede K
Published: March 2021

Arsenic is a known carcinogen and neurotoxin and is found in the natural earth crust. Arsenic exposure can develop depression, memory dysfunction, and neurodegenerative disorder. The mechanism of arsenic toxicity on the nervous system is not known. There is a lack of research on the association between arsenic exposure and sleep disturbance in humans. This study aims to investigate the relationship between six types of urinary speciated arsenic exposure and sleep disturbance in adults from the general population using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2015–2016 dataset. Sleep disturbance was measured using self-reported questionnaires, asking participants if they had ever told a doctor they had trouble sleeping. We utilized multivariate logistic regression analysis using complex survey procedures to examine the association between six types of urinary arsenic concentration and trouble sleeping. The total sample included 1,611 adults who were 20 years and older. Of the study participants, 30.0% had trouble sleeping. Urinary arsenous acid was associated with an increased odds of had trouble sleeping [odds ratio: 1.47 (95% confidence interval 1.02–2.11). The other five types of urinary speciated arsenic (arsenic acid, arsenobetaine, arsenocholine, dimethylarsinic acid, monomethylacrsonic acid) were not associated with a sleep disorder.
Characterization of a Novel Mutation V136L in Bone Morphogenetic Protein 15 Identified in a Woman Affected by POI.
Authors: Ferrarini Eleonora , Marco Giuseppina De , Orsolini Francesca , Gianetti Elena , Benelli Elena , Fruzzetti Franca , Simoncini Tommaso , Agretti Patrizia , Tonacchera Massimo
Published: March 2021

Background: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) is an ovarian defect characterized by primary or secondary amenorrhea, hypergonadotropism and hypoestrogenism which occurs before the age of 40 years with a major genetic component. In this study we performed clinical evaluation and genetic analysis of a group of 18 patients with POI.The study involved 18 consecutive women with POI. Karyotiping and genetic analysis for research of mutations in GDF9 (Growth Differentation Factor 9) and BMP15 (Bone morphogentic protein 15) genes and FMR1 (Fragile X Mental Retardation 1) premutation were carried out. In vitro functional study of the novel BMP15 mutation was performed using COV434 (Human ovarian granulosa tumour cells 434) cells of ovarian granulosa, which consistently express BMP responsive element, and luciferase reporter assay.Results: Three patients (17%) had a family history of POI. Ten patients (56%) had a family history of autoimmune diseases and nine patients (50%) showed a personal history of one or more autoimmune diseases. Of patients for whom morphological assessment was available, almost half (44%) had poor follicle assets or small ovaries’s size at pelvic US. Two patients (13%) showed reduced bone density at DEXA (Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry). All the women had normal female kariotype and no mutations in the GDF-9 gene or FMR1 premutations were found. A novel heterozygous mutation c.406G> C (V136L) of BMP15 gene was identified in one patient. After transfection in COV434 cells, BMP15 variant showed a significantly reduced luciferase activity compared to wild type. Conclusions: POI is a multifactorial disease with several health implications. Autoimmunity and genetics represent the most common aetiology. We identified and characterized a novel BMP15 mutation, providing an additional elucidation of molecular basis of this complex disorder.
Predictors and outcomes of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zhang Pan , Chen Bi , Lou Heqing , Zhu Yanan , Chen Peipei , Dong Zongmei , Zhu Xuan , Li Ting , Lou Peian
Published: March 2021

‘Overlap syndrome’ refers to obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) combined with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and has poorer outcomes than either condition alone. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and possible predictors of overlap syndrome and its association with clinical outcomes in patients with COPD. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 842 patients with COPD. We assessed the modified Medical Research Council dyspnea scale (mMRC), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), COPD assessment test (CAT), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), and STOP-Bang questionnaire (SBQ) and performed spirometry and full overnight polysomnography in all patients. An apnea–hypopnea index (AHI) ≥ 5 events per hour was considered to indicate OSA. Participants were divided into a COPDOSA group with AHI ≥ 15 events per hour and a COPD group with AHI < 15 events per hour. Risk factors for OSA in COPD patients were identified by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses. A total of 556 patients (66%) had an AHI ≥ 5 events per hour. There were no significant differences in age, sex ratio, mMRC score, smoking index, number of acute exacerbations and hospitalizations in the last year, and prevalence of cor pulmonale between the two groups (all p > 0.05). Body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, CAT score, CCI, ESS, HADS, and SBQ scores, forced expiratory volume (FEV)1, FEV1%, FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio, and prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, and diabetes were all significantly higher and the prevalence of severe COPD was significantly lower in the COPDOSA group compared with the COPD group (p < 0.05). BMI, neck circumference, ESS, CAT, CCI, HADS, hypertension, and diabetes were independent risk factors for OSA in COPD patients (p < 0.05). SBQ could be used for OSA screening in patients with COPD. Patients with severe COPD (FEV1% <50%) had a lower risk of OSA compared with patients with mild or moderate COPD (β=−0.459, odds ratio = 0.632, 95% confidence interval 0.401–0.997, p = 0.048). Conclusions Patients with overlap syndrome had a poorer quality of life, more daytime sleepiness, and a higher prevalence of hypertension and diabetes than patients with COPD alone. BMI, neck circumference, ESS, CAT, CCI, HADS, hypertension, and diabetes were independent risk factors for OSA in patients with COPD. The risk of OSA was lower in patients with severe, compared with mild or moderate COPD.
Novel Vector based Forwarding Protocol and Efficient Depth based Routing Protocol Acoustic Underwater Wireless Sensor
Authors: Thiagarajan R. , Balajivijayan V. , Krishnamoorthy R. , Mohan I.
Published: March 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Pulmonary Toxicity of Realistic Alveolar Deposition Concentrations of Ultrafine Particulate Matters in Human Normal Bronchial Epithelial Cell
Authors: Lin Chia-Hua , Lung Shih-Chun Candice , Chen Yi-Chun , Wang Lung-Chun
Published: March 2021

Air pollution is a major worldwide concern, and exposure to particulate matter (PM) can increase the risks of pulmonary diseases. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells were applied to clarify the role of ultrafine PM (UFPM) in the pathogenesis of pulmonary toxic effects with realistic alveolar deposition doses. The UFPM used in this research originated from vehicular emissions and coal combustion. UFPM exposure of up to 72 h was found to induce significant time- and concentration-dependent decreases in cell viability. Exposure to UFPM increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation through heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) inhibition and induced massive oxidative stress that increased the interleukin-8 (IL-8) expression. UFPM also reduced the pulmonary trans-epithelial electrical resistance through the depletion of zonula occludens (ZO) proteins. Finally, UFPM decreased the α1-antitrypsin (A1AT) expression, which implies high risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The evidence demonstrates that exposure to UFPM, even at very low concentrations, may affect the functions of the respiratory system.
Treatment Outcomes in Refractory Lupus Nephritis: Data From an Observational Study
Authors: Gururani Subodh , Devarasetti Phani Kumar , Uppin Megha , Rajasekhar Liza
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Despite current advances in treatment, refractory lupus nephritis (RLN) continues to pose a challenge. The present paper studies the clinical profile and treatment outcomes in patients with RLN.
Methods

This was an observational, bidirectional study enrolling consecutive patients of lupus nephritis from August 2018 to January 2019, who either failed to improve within three months, did not achieve partial renal response (PR) at six months, or did not achieve complete renal response (CR) after two years of treatment. Patients were followed every three months; treatment details and outcomes [CR, PR, no renal response (NR)], doubling serum creatinine, and death were recorded. Group comparisons were made using ANOVA and chi-square test. Factors affecting renal response were studied using linear regression.
Results

Forty-five of forty-eight enrolled patients completed at least nine months of follow-up and were included in outcome analysis. The median (IQR) SLE duration was three years (2–6 years). The majority of patients (n = 25) had proliferative lupus nephritis (LN) (ISN/RPS class III/IV), with nine patients having pure membranous LN (class V). The mean (SD) activity and chronicity indices were 8 (3) and 0. Over a median (IQR) follow-up period of 15 (12–27) months, 28 had CR, 9 had PR, and 8 showed no response to a switch in an immunosuppressive agent. Repeat renal biopsy (n = 8) with a mean (± SD) biopsy interval of 2 (± 1) years showed histological class transformation in more than half of the patients. There was no significant difference in treatment outcome and time to attain response based on individual immunosuppressive (IS) agent or sequence of IS agents used. None of the variables (duration of SLE or nephritis, baseline SLEDAI, leukopenia, hypertension, elevated anti-dsDNA, low complements, serum albumin, 24-hour urinary protein, biopsy class) predicted renal response on univariate analysis. No patient had a doubling of serum creatinine or progression to end-stage renal disease. There were three deaths, all related to infection.
Conclusion

The present study shows that a change in immunosuppression produces response in most RLN patients while a fifth of them showed no response to therapy. No predictor of renal response was identified. Histologic class switch was frequent. Renal function did not decline over a year of follow-up. Mortality was the direct cause of infection.
Universal Capability of 3-Ketosteroid Δ1-Dehydrogenases to Catalyze Δ1-Dehydrogenation of C17- Substituted Steroids
Authors: Wójcik Patrycja , Glanowski Michał , Wojtkiewicz Agnieszka M. , Rohman Ali , Szaleniec M.
Published: March 2021

Background

3-Ketosteroid Δ1-dehydrogenases (KSTDs) are the enzymes involved in microbial cholesterol degradation and modification of steroids. They catalyze dehydrogenation between C1 and C2 atoms in ring A of the polycyclic structure of 3-ketosteroids. KSTDs substrate spectrum is broad, even though most of them prefer steroids with small substituents at the C17 atom. The investigation of the KSTD’s substrate specificity is hindered by the poor solubility of the hydrophobic steroids in aqueous solutions. In this paper, we used 2-hydroxpropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HBC) as a solubilizing agent in a study of the KSTDs steady-state kinetics and demonstrated that substrate bioavailability has a pivotal impact on enzyme specificity.
Results

Molecular dynamics simulations on KSTD1 from Rhodococcus erythropolis indicated no difference in ΔGbind between the native substrate, androst-4-en-3,17-dione (AD; − 8.02 kcal/mol), and more complex steroids such as cholest-4-en-3-one (–8.40 kcal/mol) or diosgenone (–6.17 kcal/mol). No structural obstacle for binding of the extended substrates was also observed. Following this observation, our kinetic studies conducted in the presence of HBC confirmed KSTD1 activity towards both types of steroids. We have compared the substrate specificity of KSTD1 to the other enzyme known for its activity with cholest-4-en-3-one, KSTD from Sterolibacterium denitrificans (AcmB). The addition of solubilizing agent caused AcmB to exhibit a higher affinity to cholest-4-en-3-one (Ping-Pong bi bi KmA= 23.7 µM) than to AD (KmA= 529.2 µM), a supposedly native substrate of the enzyme. Moreover, we have isolated AcmB isoenzyme (AcmB2) and showed that conversion of AD and cholest-4-en-3-one proceeds at a similar rate. We demonstrated also that the apparent specificity constant of AcmB for cholest-4-en-3-one (kcat/KmA= 9.25 ∙ 106 M− 1 s− 1) is almost 20 times higher than measured for KSTD1 (kcat/KmA= 4.71 ∙ 105 M− 1 s− 1).
Conclusions

We confirmed the existence of AcmB preference for a substrate with an undegraded isooctyl chain. However, we showed that KSTD1 which was reported to be inactive with such substrates can catalyze the reaction if the solubility problem is addressed.
Agrobacterium-Mediated Genetic Transformation and Cloning of Reference Genes in Suspension Cells of Artemisia Pallens
Authors: Jogam Phanikanth , Sandhya Dulam , Alok Anshu , Shekhawat Mahipal Singh , Peddaboina Venkataiah , Singh Kashmir , Allini Venkateswar Rao
Published: March 2021

A reliable and stable Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system has been developed using cell suspension cultures derived from Artemisia pallens cotyledon explants. Cotyledon, attached cotyledon, and compound leaf were found to be suitable for the induction of callus among five different types of explants tested. Yellow friable callus derived from attached cotyledon was used to initiate suspension cultures in Suspension Culture Medium (SCM) which was supplemented with 2.4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and in combination with different concentrations of Zeatin (ZEA). Among the two different shock treatments, cold shock (at 4 oC) for 20 minutes and heat shock (at 45oC) treatment for 5 minutes, heat shock treatment increased the transformation efficiency. Supplementation of chemical additives such as Silwet L-77 (0.05%) and Pluronic F-68 (0.05%) significantly enhanced suspension cultures' transformation efficiency. The maximum GUS intensity was recorded with an optimal intensity of blue spots in the transformed cells. The highest GUS fluorometric activity was measured as 879.4±113.7 nmol 4MU/mg/min in transformed cell suspension cultures. The hygromycin-resistant callus derived from micro-calli showed intense blue colour in GUS histochemical assay. The transgene integration into the plant genome was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using uidA specific primers in six hygromycin-resistant cell lines. The cloned and mRNA expression levels of three candidate reference genes ADP-ribosylation factor (Arf), β-actin (Act), and ubiquitin (Ubi), and carotenoid biosynthesis pathway gene, i.e., Phytoene desaturase (Pds) along with transgene (uidA) were evaluated in transgenic callus lines. The present Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation protocol could help in better understand the metabolic pathways of this medicinally important plant and its genetic improvement.
Evaluation of Effect of Probiotics as an Add-on Therapy With Conventional Therapy and Alone in Malaria Induced Mice
Authors: Mahajan Eshani , Sinha Shweta , Bhatia Alka , Sehgal Rakesh , Medhi Bikash
Published: March 2021

Objective: Chloroquine is used as conventional drug therapy for the treatment of malaria. The existence of resistance for chloroquine shown among various species of Plasmodium leads to the search for more efficacious therapy to treat malaria. Probiotics (Lactobacillus casei) have been tried as add-on therapy with chloroquine. Probiotics are ingested microorganisms associated with a beneficial effect on humans and other species. The study was done to check the efficacy of probiotics as an add-on therapy along with conventional drug therapy (chloroquine) to treat malaria.Results: Probiotics in combination with chloroquine showed complete suppression in parasitemia count. Representation of parasitemia count was done using mean ± SD. P<0.05 is considered significant. The results showed a reduction in parasitemia with probiotics treatment, which was further confirmed through histological observation of two major organs liver and spleen. Interestingly, further suppression of parasitemia and hemosiderosis was observed when probiotics were given along with chloroquine.
Brenneria Yuansilingia Sp. Nov., Isolated From Symptomatic Bark of Willow Canker 
Authors: Sun Shang , Liu Yunpeng , Luan Fenggang , Li Yong
Published: March 2021

Two Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic strains are isolated from the symptomatic tissue of willow bark canker. The cells grow at 4–41 ℃, pH 5.0–10.0, with optimal growth occuring at 30 °C and pH 7.0. Two novel strains share the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Brenneria nigrifluens LMG 2694T (98.8%). In the phylogenetic trees based on sequences of 16S rRNA gene and four housekeeping genes (gyrB, rpoB, atpD and infB), two novel strains form a distinct branch from Brenneria species, indicating that two novel strains should belong to a novel species in the genus Brenneria, which is confirmed by the results of average nucleotide identity analysis and Digital DNA–DNA hybridization. Two novel strains have 81.9–85.0 % average nucleotide identity values with its closely relatives, B. nigrifluens LMG 2694T, B. alni DSM 11811T, B.corticis CFCC11842T, B. populi CFCC 11963T and B. corticis gBX10-1-2T, respectively, lower than the proposed species boundary cut-off for ANI (95-96 %). The main fatty acids are C16:0, C16:1 ω7c and C18:1 ω7c. The DNA G+C content is 53.5 -53.7 %. Based on these data, two novel strains represent a novel species within the genus Brenneria. The name Brenneria yuansilingia sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is hezel4-2-4T (=CFCC 15597T = LMG 31719T).