bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do Gifted Children Use Computers Differently? A View from The Factory
Authors: Bowen Susan , Shore Bruce M. , Cartwright Glenn F.
Published: January 2012

Do able students use software in unique ways and are certain types of software especially appropriate for them? This exploratory study used 12 subjects and a prize-winning software package, The Factory, to examine the possibility of special computing needs. Bright students more often used a plan in their strategy and offered suggestions for improving the software in ways which indicated monitoring of their own performance. It remains to be shown whether or not other students can learn to use software in these ways, and to transfer such performance to new, unprompted situations. In other words, do microcomputers deserve a special place in “gifted education” apart from their special place in education?
Television's Effect on Cognitive Development
Authors: Naidu B.R. , Wallace Belle
Published: January 2012

This article argues that children need to be taught a range of television thinking skills if they are to use the medium of television as an educating force over which they have control and discernment. The paper argues that television can be a powerful tool in the development of thinking skills if educators and the children understand the medium itself in the same way that they are taught a wide range of skills in their use of literature.
A Study on Mental Health of Scientifically Gifted High School Males (SGM) and Females (SGF)
Authors: Jeon Kyung-Won
Published: January 2012

Good mental health is a prerequisite for self actualization; that is one can develop gifts and talents only if one is psychologically well-adjusted. Mental health refers to good social and emotional adjustment and positive self-concept. Research is minimal in the area of personality and self-concept for the Korean scientifically gifted high school students and the relationship between gender and self-concept of the gifted youngsters was found somewhat controversial in the literature. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to examine the personality of Korean scientifically gifted high school males (SGM) and females (SGF) and to compare the self-concept of these two groups of youngsters.

In this study, Mental health was measured by the Korean adapted MMPI, self-concept instrument, intelligence test, and standardized achievement test were administered to 68 10th through 12 grade scientifically gifted high school students of superior intelligence who have high IQ scores of 145.

Scientifically gifted males (SGM) and females (SGF) are more similar than different on mental health profiles, and those differences that exist generally are consistent with sex stereotypes in Korean culture. The results on MMPI scores showed both SGM and SGF were relatively free of maladjustment. There was only one sex difference for the sub scale of self-criticism out of 10 measures of self-concept SGM have a higher score on self-criticism sub scale than SGF (t = 1.99, p < 0.05). Two significant correlations between self-concept and intelligence referred to the positive relationship of a total score of intelligence with Personal self (r = 0.3097*) and Family self (r = 0.2847*). There were no significant correlations between self-concept and achievement. Implications are suggested for school programmings designed to facilitate the good personality and positive self-concept of SGM and SGF differently).
How to Use Gipsy Children's Vernacular in the Kindergarten
Authors: Oppelt Kate
Published: January 2012

This article describes a project based in Hungary which was intended to develop education that was relevant to the various indigenous cultures known as gipsy cultures. The writer emphasises the importance of understanding the culture and then basing education on the strength within the culture giving them recognition and worth.
Recent Development of Education for Gifted Students in Taiwan
Authors: Tsai Den-Mo
Published: January 2012

This article describes the historical development of special education for gifted students in Taiwan over the past twenty years. By reviewing the related literature, this study first presents background information, and then provides an overview of three stages of programming for gifted students. By analyzing laws, official rules and guidelines for special education, a variety of opportunities for gifted students are described and problems are discussed. Finally, some recommendations for further program development are proposed.
Leta Stetter Hollingworth: Women and Giftedness
Authors: Peters Carole C.
Published: January 2012

Leta Stetter Hollingworth's work in the field of gifted education, particularly in relation to women and giftedness, is inspirational and has only recently been acknowledged. This short article serves as an introduction to this amazing woman.
Attitudes of Adolescent Gifted Girls and Boys toward Education, Achievement, and the Future
Authors: Reis Sally M. , Callahan Carolyn M. , Goldsmith Diane
Published: January 2012

A questionnaire was administered to 144 gifted girls and 140 gifted boys in grades six through eight who attended a summer institute at The University of Virginia. The questionnaire examined three aspects of the students' lives: expectations about future education, career and family; attitudes about school and school achievement; and their concept of gender differences. Differences were found between boys and girls in all three areas. Gifted boys had strong opinions about their futures and their professional goals but believe their wives should not pursue a career once children are born. They also believe that girls will spend more time taking care of children and home than they (gifted boys) will when they are adults. These findings raise concerns about the realization of potential in gifted females whose attitudes in this study were very different.
Gifted Women Scientists: Voices of Mothers and Daughters
Authors: Handel Ruth D.
Published: January 2012

The paper explores intergenerational socialization into science through case studies of research biologists who are mothers of daughters. The ways in which the scientist mothers foster or fail to foster orientation to science fields are investigated as are the daughters' perspectives on science professions. Influential factors include home and school experience, career paths, expectations for the daughter, home science experiences, and perceptions of science lifestyles. The potential for both positive and negative reactions on the part of daughters is described. A major finding is the great pride the daughters take in their mothers.
A mine of talent caved in
Authors: Willings David
Published: January 2012

The intense fatigue caused to counsellors and mentors by people who just will not help themselves is well known. This article shows another dimension. The tragedy of a gifted underachiever who, at the age of 17, ended her own life with conscious intent is described in detail. The implications are then highlighted. They show an underachiever who made continuous and constructive efforts to help herself, but whose very efforts left her with and all pervading sense of being blocked. A significant contributor to this sense of being blocked is the failure of parents, teachers, clergy, counsellors and doctors to grasp the intensity and legitimacy of a child's suffering.
Adventures in Learning: Spelling
Authors: Greenwood Bill
Published: January 2012

The gifted child has a superior ability to perceive relationships where they are not obviously perceptible. At the Willings Learning Clinic we devise a set of learning games for each individual underachiever. However, these games many of which call for the perception of relationships are very useful for gifted children either in groups or (especially) played with a child and a mentor. This article and the ones which follow describe games which a teacher or mentor can offer.
The Political Implications of Not Developing Creativity
Authors: Bellingham Henry
Published: January 2012

The author considers creative potential as vital a resource as oil. He expresses concern that it is not being developed in very many walks of life. Generation of wealth is vital but, as an end in itself, could lead to apathy and then revolution. He does not see the development of creativity purely as the function of the school. It is a responsibility of all of us both inside and outside school. He sees as a prime inhibitor of creative development the solid walls of bureaucracy which pervade all aspects of modern life. He contends that the need has never been greater for curbing bureaucratic attacks on the world's creative resources by yesterday's men and women.
The Crushed Generation
Authors: Polaine Laura
Published: January 2012

This article discusses the forces on teenagers which crush creativity in the 1990s; including pressures at school, at home and peer pressures. These force teenagers into a mould. Then subtle and barely identifiable pressures transform the mould into reality. The article is largely based on the author's participant observation among her fellow teenagers when she was herself an 18 year old schoolgirl. She shows that, where teenagers have been creatively crushed, one of their responses is to humiliate and crush their fellow teenagers who show signs of creative growth. A humiliated and crushed teenager is a potential crusher and humiliator of her/his peers. Mentoring can go a long way to alleviating the problem although mentors need to be aware that they are swimming against the current.
The Concept of Giftedness from an Aboriginal Cultural Perspective
Authors: Harslett Mort
Published: January 2012

Aboriginal children are chronically under-represented in programs for gifted and talented children. Among the reasons suggested is an absence of an understanding of the concept of giftedness from an Aboriginal cultural perspective. It is proposed in this paper that such an understanding is necessary to provide a basis for the development of identification processes and programs appropriate for gifted Aboriginal children. The study reported in this paper demonstrated that the concept of giftedness is compatible with Aboriginal culture and that giftedness and talented performance are believed to be a consequence of individual ability, commitment, and fortuitous environmental factors. Research information is also reported which indicates domains and fields in which gifts and talents are most valued within Aboriginal culture. It is concluded that identification and provision constructs should be developed within cultural specific parameters.
College for kids — What higher education can do to improve the educational opportunities for the exceptionally able — A review of the approaches in the United Kingdom and the United States
Authors: Williams Mary , Dodds Pat , Koshy Valsa
Published: January 2012

This article reviews the provision made for gifted children during their primary or elementary schooling in both the USA and the UK. It argues that all children have an entitlement to an education appropriate to their needs, and, that, in this respect, the able child has often been neglected. Colleges of Higher Education are well-placed to provide an in-put on this to:- (a) children via Saturday clubs and Summer schools; (b) teachers by offering courses aimed at improving their ability to differentiate the curriculum appropriately and (c) parents in how to cope with the cognitive, social and emotional needs of their able child. Education Departments in both countries have become aware of the importance of capturing the interest and nurturing the ability of gifted children; realising that without this, they could ultimately be “lost to their nations”.
A survey of classroom practices with third and fourth grade students in the United States
Authors: Westberg Karen L. , Archambault Francis X. , Brown Scott W.
Published: January 2012

Advocates of special programs for gifted learners have claimed for years that the needs of gifted and talented students are not addressed in regular classrooms in the United States. Are these claims justifiable? The Classroom Practices Survey, conducted by the University of Connecticut site of The National Research Center on the Gifted and Talented, investigated this issue through a survey of nearly 4000 third and fourth grade classroom teachers. The results of this nationwide survey indicated that only a limited number of teachers make any modifications in their instructional and curricular practices with gifted and talented students.
A pull-out gifted programme in Singapore
Authors: Lim Tock Keng , Tan Liang See
Published: January 2012

A variety of programming models, both part- and full-time, have been designed to provide gifted children with appropriate instruction to fulfil their needs and potential. In January 1993, The Chinese High School, an independent school in Singapore, started on a pull-out gifted program where students are selected to attend a challenging, differentiated and enriched curriculum in Mathematics, Science and Computer Science. Interesting enrichment activities carried out in the programme included a Mentor Link programme and a creative computing camp. The strength of such a programming model is that while the gifted students are provided with opportunities for rapid progress and challenging activities within Mathematics, Science and Computer Science, they also have the opportunities to study and interact with their regular classmates and to be leaders in their regular classes. The pull-out gifted programme, as set up in Chinese High, was able to combine the advantages of both full- and part-time programmes. This paper presents the characteristics and activities of the pull-out programme.
Who are the Gifted?
Authors: Parker James R
Published: January 2012

This paper briefly reviews the complexities which still surround the definition of giftedness. The writer explores the problems of identification from the point of the normal classroom teacher.
Creativity in Concept Development: Empowering Our Young Learners
Authors: Roldan Aurora H.
Published: January 2012

This program is based on the premise that thinking is the only genuine foundation for learning. Rote memorization or automatic repetition of skills, no matter how masterfully done, is not learning. Concept development implies getting a feel for pattern. Getting a grasp of something to be learned — whether it is a truth, a set of truths, a process, or a structure.
Gifted Mathematicians Constructing Their Own Geometries — Changes in Knowledge and Attitudes
Authors: Shillor Irith
Published: January 2012

A previous paper (1) looked at how gifted mathematicians in primary school respond to the study of Non-Euclidean geometries. In this study children in the secondary school are asked to construct their own Non-Euclidean Geometries. Using Taxi-Cab Geometry (2) as the starting point, children are asked to focus on the non-Euclidean elements of this geometry, and consider the differences between Euclidean and Non-Euclidean geometries. They are then asked to construct their own geometry, and consider the non-Euclidean elements within it. Young children find this task quite complex, but slightly older children find it highly challenging. Working with secondary age pupils has proved particularly rewarding, as they gain a totally new perspective of geometry, and of mathematics as a discipline. This type of work can only be done in very small groups or on a one-to-one basis. It requires a specialist, who would not be readily available within the school. It is, in effect, type 3 enrichment, using the Renzulli and Reis model (3). The new knowledge the children acquire has an immediate effect on their attitude towards geometry in particular and mathematics in general. The change in attitude depends on a number of factors, not least of them, the attitude of the school involved.
Validity and Reliability of Teachers' Judgment in Identification and Follow-Up of Gifted Pupils
Authors: Ferbezer Ivan
Published: January 2012

According to the compatibility between definition, identification and programming of giftedness (Renzulli) we wanted to contribute to the psychometrical improvement of teachers' observation of gifted children; to contribute to the operationalisation of / information of action, to the pedagogical extension of conceptions of giftedness, to talent identification as a component part in educational programming.
Follow your Dream: Gifted Women and the Cost of Success
Authors: Leroux Janice A.
Published: January 2012

In-depth interviews with 40 highly successful women in seven career fields in Canada point to the importance of relationships, role models, and intrinsic motivation as factors for success. This paper will explore the various personal and social factors which have been significant in females' correlates of success, leadership and women's personal fulfilment. Results from the study indicate a new model for career development based on a sense of agency, cooperation, and versatility that is uniquely female.
Deafening silence: the Educational Experiences of Gifted Deaf People
Authors: Vialle Wilma , Paterson John
Published: January 2012

Educational intervention for deaf people has a long history but it is a history that is dominated by the notion of deficit. The growing trend in the literature on deaf people is to recognise that they are not deficient but form a cultural and linguistic minority group that deserves appropriate educational programs. Deaf people report great frustration with their experiences of schooling as they have invariably been treated as intellectually inferior. Yet, a significant number of deaf people are gifted and have had the double hurdle of overcoming their deafness in a hearing world and an education service that does not meet their needs. This paper explores the educational experiences of gifted deaf people in a preliminary attempt to develop appropriate identification measures and educational provisions for such individuals. The conclusions presented are based on extensive interviews with a number of gifted deaf adults. Deaf interviewers were utilised to collect the required data in a more culturally sensitive and relevant manner.
Developing Metacognitive Thinking in Young Children: A Case Study
Authors: Lowrie Tom
Published: January 2012

This article reports a case study involving a talented Year 1 (aged 6) child who was challenged to “take another person's point of view” when responding to a series of questions based on a well-known folk tale. It is argued that the use of effective questioning techniques allowed the child to develop a variety of metacognitive processes.
Providing for Mathematically Able Children in Ordinary Classrooms
Authors: Kennard Roy
Published: January 2012

There is growing concern in England about provision for very able children in state maintained schools. These concerns centre on the need for subject-specific criteria for the identification of very able children and the associated need for teachers to set work that is sufficiently challenging. These concerns are briefly reviewed together with research related to the mathematical characteristics of able children. A fourfold strategy for provision in mathematics classrooms is discussed. It is further suggested that case study evidence from ordinary classrooms is a potentially valuable source and basis for teacher-agreement on this strategy. Through the interpretation of pupil responses to challenging tasks it should be possible to develop a theoretical framework which enables teachers of mathematics to both recognise and promote the mathematical abilities of school children. An illustrative case study is provided.
The Relationship between Emotional Maturity, Intelligence and Creativity in Gifted Children
Authors: Landau Erika , Weissler Kineret
Published: January 2012

From experience of working with gifted children we could observe a gap between their intellectual and emotional functions. The purpose of this study was to explore the inter-relationships between emotional maturity and intelligence in gifted children. Emotional maturity is defined as the strength and courage to actualize individual abilities within the frame of social demands. Our hypothesis was that emotional maturity would have an affect on creativity, independent of intelligence.

In the study, 221 children participated, between the ages of 9–13. All were measured for emotional maturity, intelligence and creativity. Results showed an effect of emotional maturity on creativity, as well as an effect of intelligence.

Among the highly intelligent group, emotionally mature children were more creative. These results demonstrate that giftedness is conditioned not only by high intelligence but that emotional maturity has its share in it, and their interaction facilitates creative behavior — the actualization of the whole personality.
Giftedness — More Than IQ
Authors: Drewelow Horst
Published: January 2012

There is no doubt about the assertion that high intellectual abilities of different kinds play a substantial role in conceptions of giftedness. At the same time most researchers in theory agree that giftedness is not identical with high intelligence. An analysis of literature though is reflecting a different picture (Bartenswerfer, 1990, Feger, 1990; Carter & Swanson, 1990; Heller & Menacher, 1992; Rogers, 1989): Wherever giftedness is discussed, nothing but intellectual giftedness is meant. In many publications we find IQ scores, with differing cut-off-levels of 125, 130, 140, 150 points, as the only indicators for giftedness. Such an “IQ-diagnosis” has found many critics within research on gifted education.
Discovering Feelings: An Activity for Second Graders
Authors: Cupertino Christina Menna Barreto
Published: January 2012

This paper describes an activity for second graders in the program of special courses of POIT, from Centro Educacional Objetivo, Brazil. Based on some difficulties shown by some gifted pupils in expressing feelings we have planned a “course” for young children to experience this expression in a non-threatening context. The course aims to enhance the balance between intellectual and emotional abilities. It uses comic books and role playing. We notice different attitudes from the children regarding the tasks, showing many ways of being. Their trajectory is portrayed by drawings and texts made by themselves. The conditions to the satisfactory accomplishment of the objectives are discussed.
Development of Gifted Education in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan David W
Published: January 2012

Despite that notions of gifted education have been anticipated in Chinese history, Hong Kong not not managed to relinquish the laissez-faire attitude toward the education of the gifted and talented until the late 1980s and the early 1990s. The development of gifted education was traced in the context of liberalization and expansion of educational opportunities, the parallel concerns with equity and excellence, and school reform to meet the educational needs of students abilities in Hong Kong. To meet the special educational needs of gifted and talented children, diversified provisions are now made or planned in school-based enrichment activities/special school with accelerated and challenging curriculum, and university summer programmes. It is anticipated that the development of gifted education will bring about further positive changes in the overall educational system in Hong Kong.
Highlights of Creativity — 5
Authors: Willings David
Published: January 2012

We are constantly depressed by good books badly tarnished by sloppy editing and wretchedly unadventurous layout. In both respects these books are veritable breaths of fresh air. They are laid out with exceptional competence. Some topics are encapsulated in a box on a grey background. In an age when world history is being made by people with no understanding of history, they meet a crying need.
Intelligence and Giftedness: Changes in the Structure of the Brain
Authors: Sabatella Maria Lúcia Prado
Published: January 2012

This essay offers an overview of research that recently changed the concepts of intelligence and giftedness. First, it considers the importance of the brain, its organization and functions. Second, it examines different theories about intelligence and the possibility of boosting it. Third, it considers the changes that occur in the human brain structure as a consequence of the interaction between the genetic traits of individuals and the challenges which they experience as they are raised. My objective is to point out that there is a scientific basis for educators to trigger decisive changes both in the behavior of students and in their biological structure by offering opportunities that are likely to increase their potential.
Identification of Giftedness in Culturally Diverse Groups
Authors: Vialle Wilma
Published: January 2012

The literature in gifted education emphasises the importance of early identification and nurturance of children's gifts. However, the means for ready identification of children in early childhood, other than formal testing, have not always been as clearly developed. The problem of identification is exacerbated when the children are from culturally diverse groups and their first language is not that of the school's. Such groups include children from non-English-speaking backgrounds, Aboriginal children and economically disadvantaged children. This paper suggests the ways in which teachers can structure their classrooms, provide a range of challenging activities and develop their observational skills in order to identify the intellectual strengths of their students, particularly through the use of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory as a framework for recognising children's intellectual strengths.
Discovery Learning: Founding a School for Gifted Children
Authors: Kokot Shirley J
Published: January 2012

Radford House, in Johannesburg, South Africa, was established in January 1996. Starting the first primary school for gifted children (ages 5–12) in the country has been a process of learning for everybody concerned: the children, teachers, parents and administrators. This article briefly outlines the rationale for founding a school in & country that labels giftedness as “elitist” and discusses the following discoveries: confusion regarding definitions and identification reasons for enrolment stressors teaching strategies

Analysis of these aspects reveals that the definitions of giftedness remain problematic in terms of identifying potential ability versus manifested high, ability. A further issue is the development of unique teaching strategies and skills which stretch conventionally trained teachers to their creative limits. The first year is indeed a year of discovery with problems and joys cropping up in unexpected quarters.
A Course in Advance Thinking for Sixth Formers
Authors: Butler Colin
Published: January 2012

Good thinking is routinely taught in applied form as part of mastering a subject or subjects, but it can profitably be taught separately as an efficiency-raising supplement to a given programme of study. What follows describes an experimental course in advanced thinking devised for a group of exceptionally able British Lower Sixth Formers from across the subject range. It comprised one thirty-five minute period a week for thirty weeks spread over three terms.

The course is logic-intensive but extensive in reference. The principal source book is Irving Copi and Carl Cohen's Introduction to Logic (used and adapted passim in this article). Its premise that logic is not “the science of the laws of thought” but the science of correct reasoning is accepted axiomatically. Nevertheless, Bertrand Russell's claim that logic is “concerned with the real world just as truly as zoology” (Monk, p. 505) is respected; and the neo-Kantian position that there is no knowledge except formulated knowledge is explored in depth.
Bilingual Gifted Pre-Schoolers: Benefit or Hazard in Maximising Potential
Authors: Kim Keumhee , Haensly Patricia
Published: January 2012

Culturally diverse gifted pre-schoolers lose interest and self-esteem in first school experiences through inadequate understanding by teachers and parents of home and preschool language differences and the intellectual-enhancing role of early bilingualism. Teacher recognition of ability in this population could ensure appropriate instruction to nurture giftedness but may depend on parent-provided information.

Information about their pre-schoolers' abilities was obtained from 36 Korean parents through the Kim Korean and Seattle Project Parent Questionnaires and interviews, and teacher observations. Case studies of three with high verbal abilities, unusual understanding, memory, and communication skills since infancy were conducted.

Dilemmas and solutions for Korean parents temporarily in the United States in assisting their children in rich language development, while pursuing bilingual acquisition in an English language setting and upon returning to their native setting are discussed. Significance for other families whose home language differs from major school language is explored.
An Enrichment Model: A Study of Developing a Pilot Program for Gifted Students
Authors: Tsai Den-Mo
Published: January 2012

The paper first reviews the development of gifted education for the last two decades in Taiwan. The review indicates that gifted students enjoy some advantageous circumstances that regular students do not. Gifted education in Taiwan is, hammer, facing the problems of conservative definition-identification, entrance examinations' negative impact and curricula that are not challenging. Searching far solutions, the author pursued a two year research project in the Affiliated School(AS) of National Kaohsiung Normal University (NKNU). The research project was to develop a pilot program using Renzull's Enrichment Triad Model By doing research an enrichment program was developed.

The purposes were to investigate: Methods of curriculum compacting. The impact of curriculum of completing on students' achievement, time and attitudes. The impact of group training activities on students' creativity and creative-productivity. Factors conducive to individual and small group investigations.

Observation, experimentation and interview were used to collect data. Findings concerning curriculum compacting, group training activities and investigations of real problems were discussed. Characteristics of the program developed were also described.
Special Schools for the Mathematically Talented in the People's Republic of China
Authors: Donoghue Eileen F , Vogeli Bruce R , Sun Wei
Published: January 2012

Stanley, Huang and Zhu (1986) reported a higher percentage of mathematically gifted students in China than in the United States, Taiwan or Singapore. Twenty-one students from a population of 279 were judged by Stanley, et al to mathematically precocious. Despite the fact that the Chinese sample was selected from among the best schools in Shanghai and, therefore, was not realty comparable to the other national populations studied these findings justified decisions made a decade before by Chinese educational authorities to establish special programs for the gifted. In 1978, following a visit by Columbia University Professor and Nobel laureate Tsung Dao Lee, the Chinese Academy of Science acted upon his recommendations to establish special “youth classes” in mathematics.
Experiences of U.S. military couples during the post-deployment transition
Authors: Knobloch Leanne K. , Theiss Jennifer A.
Published: January 2012

Although many military couples eagerly await reunion after deployment, the reentry of service members into family life can be challenging. This study employed the relational turbulence model to identify the issues facing military couples during the post-deployment transition. Individuals who had been reunited with their romantic partner during the past six months ( N = 259; 137 service members, 122 partners) completed an online questionnaire. Content analytic results indicated that people encounter diverse changes to their relationship ( RQ1), issues of relational uncertainty ( RQ2), and interference in their daily routines ( RQ3). Women, at-home partners, and reservist couples appear especially likely to encounter upheaval ( RQ4). The relational turbulence model may have utility for illuminating the experiences of military couples upon reintegration.
4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B): presence in the recreational drug market in Spain, pattern of use and subjective effects
Authors: Caudevilla-Gálligo Fernando , Riba Jordi , Ventura Mireia , González Débora , Farré Magí , Barbanoj Manel J , Bouso José Carlos
Published: January 2012

4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B) is a psychoactive analogue of mescaline that is becoming increasingly popular as a rave and club drug. We investigated its presence in the illicit drug market in Spain, its pattern of use and profile of subjective effects. Drug material was analysed for 2C-B and information on pattern of use and subjective effects was obtained from recreational users. Scores were statistically compared with previously collected data on psychostimulants ( d-amphetamine), entactogens (MDMA) and psychedelics (ayahuasca and Salvia divinorum). The percentage of samples containing 2C-B doubled between 2006 and 2009, evolved from powder to tablet form and showed low falsification rates. Respondents reported taking 2C-B orally in doses of about 20 mg. Subjective effects involved perceptual modifications analogous to those observed after ayahuasca and salvia but absent after amphetamine and MDMA. Pleasure and sociability effects did not differ from those after MDMA and incapacitation was lower than for the psychedelics used as comparators. In conclusion, we found 2C-B is consistently present in the illicit drug market in Spain. While it elicits perceptual modifications that are analogous to other psychedelics, the lower impairment and higher pleasurable effects make it comparable with entactogens.
Early dosing and efficacy of triptans in acute migraine treatment: the TEMPO study
Authors: Lantéri-Minet M , Mick G , Allaf B
Published: January 2012

Aim: To compare the effectiveness of early or late triptan intake in the treatment of acute migraine attacks.

Methods: The TEMPO study was a French prospective, multicentre, two-phase study conducted in neurological practice. Two-hundred-and-ten migraine patients who were regular triptan users were enrolled. In the first phase, patients treated three attacks as they usually did. In the second phase, those who initially practiced late dosing ( ≥ 1 hour after headache onset) were instructed to change to early dosing ( < 1 hour).

Results: A total of 144 patients completed the first phase. Seventy-nine patients constituted the ‘early dosers’ group and 65 patients the ‘late dosers’ group. In this phase, early dosing produced higher rates (n  =  38; 52.8%) of freedom from pain at 2 hours in at least two of three attacks compared with late dosing (n  =  19; 30.2%; p  <  0.01). In the second phase, switching from late to early dosing following the physician’s instruction (n  =  42 patients) also improved the rates of freedom from pain at 2 hours (from 38.1% (n  =  16) to 53.7% (n  =  22); p  <  0.05).

Conclusion: This suggests that advising patients on the importance of early triptan intake after headache onset may help improve the efficacy of acute migraine treatments.
Collision detection system design using a multi-layer laser scanner for collision mitigation
Authors: Lee Donghwi , Han Kwangjin , Huh Kunsoo
Published: January 2012

Collision detection plays a key role in collision mitigation systems. The malfunction of a collision mitigation system can result in a dangerous or unexpected situation for the driver and passengers. In order to prevent this situation, reliable collision detection algorithms are essential in terms of the collision time, the overlap and the collision decision. This study focuses on the reliable determination of the time to collision and the frontal overlap between the ego vehicle and the objects. The path prediction method using information on the ego vehicle is proposed to improve the accuracies of the time to collision and the frontal overlap calculations. The proposed algorithm is developed on the basis of a multi-layer laser scanner. The procedure of collision detection includes three steps. The first step is to select a high-risk object among multiple objects, the second step is to judge the time to collision and the frontal overlap to the high-risk object and, finally, the third step is to decide whether a crash is imminent or not. The performance of the proposed detection algorithm is validated in simulations and experiments.
Study on the Factors Related With Intention of Cancer Screening Among Korean Residents
Authors: Kim Bong Ki , Jo Heui Sug , Lee Hey Jean
Published: January 2012

This study investigated the relationship between intention of undergoing cancer screening and information, motivation, and behavioral skills using an information–motivation–behavioral skills model. The authors performed a telephone survey of a random sample of 2030 residents aged 30 to 69 years from 6 counties of Gangwon province, South Korea from July 15 to July 25, 2009. Questions about information, motivation, and behavioral skills were examined using a confirmatory factor analysis and relationships among factors were analyzed using a structure equation model. The intention of undergoing cancer screening showed a positive relationship between intention to undergo cancer screening and information( r = .134, P < .001), social norms( r = .059, P = .009), and behavioral skills( r = .129, P < .001). Therefore, comprehensive intervention considering motivation and behavioral skills as well as information is necessary to improve cancer screening rates.
The Bahasa Melayu Version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire
Authors: Soo KL , Wan Abdul Manan WM , Wan Suriati WN
Published: January 2012

This study aimed to assess the reliability and concurrent validity of the Bahasa Melayu version of the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ-M) by comparing it with the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-S) and objectively measuring physical activity using a Yamax DigiWalker (Yamax, Tokyo, Japan) pedometer. A total of 100 adults aged between 20 and 58 years from Kelantan in Malaysia voluntarily participated in this study. The Wilcoxon signed-rank analysis showed no significant differences in 2-week test–retest scores for total metabolic equivalent∙minutes∙per week and 4 domains of the GPAQ-M. There was a low but significant relationship between time spent on total physical activity measured by the GPAQ-M and average steps per day recorded using the pedometer ( rs = .265, P = .013). Significant correlations were also found between GPAQ-M and the IPAQ-S for varying levels of intensity during physical activities ( rs = .309-.466, P < .01).
Terrorism and the abnormality of sport in Northern Ireland
Authors: Hassan David , O’Kane Philip
Published: January 2012

This article examines the rationale for the limited use of sport by a range of paramilitary organizations in Northern Ireland to supplement their wider political and ideological aspirations. In any divided society all aspects of life are recruited to reveal and occasionally contribute to this separation and periodically, when seeking to attack or undermine ‘the other’, their sporting pursuits and interests become part of any military offensive. Whilst it is wrong to suggest that sport was a consistent or substantial factor in the ethno-sectarian conflict in Northern Ireland, which unfolded over the latter part of the 20th century, it was used in a strategic manner by terror organizations and thus its deployment was rarely ill-conceived even if the outcomes of their actions were almost always unjustifiable and, ultimately, futile.
Epilepsy as a Disorder of Cortical Network Organization
Authors: Kramer Mark A. , Cash Sydney S.
Published: January 2012

The brain is naturally considered as a network of interacting elements which, when functioning properly, produces an enormous range of dynamic, adaptable behavior. However, when elements of this network fail, pathological changes ensue, including epilepsy, one of the most common brain disorders. This review examines some aspects of cortical network organization that distinguish epileptic cortex from normal brain as well as the dynamics of network activity before and during seizures, focusing primarily on focal seizures. The review is organized around four phases of the seizure: the interictal period, onset, propagation, and termination. For each phase, the authors discuss the most common rhythmic characteristics of macroscopic brain voltage activity and outline the observed functional network features. Although the characteristics of functional networks that support the epileptic seizure remain an area of active research, the prevailing trends point to a complex set of network dynamics between, before, and during seizures.
A new approach to the synthesis of modal control laws in active structural vibration control
Authors: Braghin Francesco , Cinquemani Simone , Resta Ferruccio
Published: January 2012

Many systems have, by their nature, a small damping and they are therefore potentially subjected to dangerous vibratory phenomena. The aim of active vibration control is to contain these phenomena, increasing the natural damping of the system and its fatigue life, preferably without changing its natural frequencies and vibration modes. The modal control technique is the favorite amongst mechanical and structural engineers because of its representation in modal coordinates. However, especially in the field of active vibration control, the traditional design of the controller developed in state coordinates makes it difficult to understand how the mechanical parameters of the system are modified. The present paper introduces a new approach to the synthesis of a modal controller to suppress vibrations in structures. Itturns away from the traditional formulation of the problem showing how the performance of the designed controller can be evaluated through the analysis of the resulting modal damping matrix of the controlled system. The approach is based on the relationship existing between the shape of the matrix and the possibility that the control forces are dissipative (and, thus, ensuring the system stability). This analysis allows us to easily evaluate spillover effects, due to the presence of unmodeled modes, the stability of the control and the consequent effectiveness in reducing vibration. The opportunity to easily manage this information allows the synthesis of an efficient modal controller. Theoretical aspects are supported by numerical simulations and experimental tests.
Dead or Alive
Authors: Decarie Christina
Published: January 2012

Information literacy is an essential skill for business communication students. Traditionally taught by librarians, there is a pressing need for all business instructors to incorporate informational literacy training into their courses. Moreover, students need to hone their research skills, moving beyond a dependence on Google and Wikipedia. This article describes an assignment that pushes students to be creative and dogged in their research, to think critically about the information they find, and to provide solutions and tools for fellow students for improving their research and critical thinking skills.
Improved Physical Fitness Among Older Female Participants in a Nationally Disseminated, Community-Based Exercise Program
Authors: Seguin Rebecca A. , Heidkamp-Young Eleanor , Kuder Julia , Nelson Miriam E.
Published: January 2012

Background. Strength training (ST) is an important health behavior for aging women; it helps maintain strength and function and reduces risk for chronic diseases. This study assessed change in physical fitness following participation in a ST program implemented and evaluated by community leaders. Method. The StrongWomen Program is a nationally disseminated, research-based, community ST program active in 40 states. The Senior Fitness Test is used to assess upper and lower body strength, upper and lower body flexibility, aerobic fitness, and agility; data are collected prior to and following program participation. Results. For these analyses, five states provided deidentified data for 367 female participants, mean age 63 (±11) years. Attendance in approximately 10 weeks of twice-weekly classes was 69.4%. Paired t tests were used to analyze pre–post change. Significant improvements were observed ( p < .01) in all Senior Fitness Test measures. Data are stratified by age-group and compared with published, age-based norms. Conclusions. This study demonstrates that it is feasible for community leaders to conduct pre–post physical fitness evaluations with participants and that participants experienced improvements across several important domains of physical fitness.
Characterizing Value as an Experience
Authors: Helkkula Anu , Kelleher Carol , Pihlström Minna
Published: January 2012

Within contemporary discourse around service-dominant logic, phenomenologically (experientially) determined value has been placed at the center of value discussion. However, a systematic characterization of value in the experience has not been presented to date. In this article, the authors outline four theoretical propositions that describe what value in the experience is, which are then illustrated using a narrative data set. The propositions consider both lived and imaginary value experiences and posit that current service experiences are influenced by previous and anticipated service experiences. The article contributes to the service literature by characterizing value in the experience as an ongoing, iterative circular process of individual, and collective customer sense making, as opposed to a linear, cognitive process restricted to isolated service encounters. The authors recommend that service researchers should consider the use of interpretive methodologies based on the four theoretical propositions outlined in order to better understand the many ways that service customers experience value in their lifeworld contexts, which extend well beyond the service organization’s zone of influence. Service managers should also consider how a richer understanding of past, current, and imaginary value in the context in service customers’ individual lifeworld contexts might generate novel insights for service innovations.
Congenital and metabolic disorders leading to fracture
Authors: Borland Steven , Gaffey Andrew
Published: January 2012

While fractures in children are usually due to trauma only, there are a number of congenital and metabolic conditions which will predispose a child to fractures and lower the threshold of a bone to breaking. These conditions can also influence the pattern of the fracture and the process of bone healing.

There are a number of conditions which lead to specific pathological and clinical changes and also several relatively common conditions which must be considered when assessing any child with recurrent fractures.

We present a review of congenital and metabolic causes of fractures, focusing largely on the details of osteogenesis imperfecta and congenital pseudoarthrosis of the tibia.