bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prognostic factors in Hodgkin's disease
Authors: Say Carlos , Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. , Hori Jose , Spratt John S.
Published: February 2007

The clinical records and treatment results of 163 patients with Hodgkin's disease, who were seen at Ellis Fischel State Cancer Hospital (EFSCH) between 1940 and 1971, were reviewed and analyzed. More than 200 clinical and histological variables were recorded for each case of Hodgkin's disease, including details of radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Statistical studies were carried out in order to evaluate the independent prognosis significance of each of these factors.

All of the lesions were reclassified according to the Lukes proposal which was modified and recommended at the 1965 Rye classification (except for hepatomegaly which was included in Stage IV).

This is a retrospective study, and the modern techniques of staging were rarely used in pretreatment studies (since 1965, only ten patients have had an abdominal exploration). The basic work‐up consisted of a complete blood count, urinalysis, blood type, chest X ray, and EKG. Lymphangiogram and radioisotope liver scans were used on less than 10% of the patients. About 30% of the patients had gastrointestinal X rays and 70% had IVP. Bone marrow biopsies ‐ the majority of which were done by needle aspiration ‐ were obtained for approximately 50% of the patients.

Clinical stage, histological type, and presence or absence of systemic symptoms appeared to be the most significant prognostic factors. The classification of systemic symptoms according to the criteria of either the Rye or Ann Arbor conferences showed no particular difference in determining the survival rate. Among the systemic symptoms, fever appeared to be the most important for survival rate. Survival rates were higher in nonanemic and nonlymphocytopenic patients. Eosinophilia, blood group, and Rh factor had no prognostic significance. The relapse‐free interval was an important indicator of long‐term prognosis. The unfavorable influence of relapse in ultimate prognosis was clearly seen; however, the extent of the relapse site was shown to have no significant influence on survival.
By‐pass anastomosis of intrahepatic duct to the gallbladder
Authors: Scanlon Edward F. , Oviedo Miguel A.
Published: February 2007

Obstructiori of the extrahepatic bile ducts by primary or metastatic carcinoma can sometimes be difficult to relieve. Frequently there is an inadequate length of normal duct proximal to the obstruction to permit an anastomosis. A by‐pass anastomosis between a dilated right hepatic biliary radicle and the gallbladder is a simple and satisfactory method of relieving the jaundice. This can be accomplished by using a T‐tube as a stent; a vein graft over the T‐tube limb in the liver seems to improve the result.
Investigation of carbohydrate metabolism and somatomedin in osteosarcoma patients
Authors: Scranton Pierce E. , McMaster James H. , Kenny Frederic M. , Foley Thomas P. , Taylor Floyd H.
Published: February 2007

Altered carbohydrate metabolism associated with fibrosarcomas and chondrosarcomas has been well‐documented in past literature. This report describes abnormal carbohydrate metabolism in 2 osteosarcoma patients, and abnormalities in growth hormone and somatomedin serum levels. Experimental evidence is presented showing in vitro suppression of osteosarcoma tumor cell proliferation by 17β Estradiol. Estrogen inhibition of linear bone growth, cartilage proliferation, and somatomedin is discussed with reference to possible estrogen therapy in osteosarcoma.
The effect of surgery and pretreatment or posttreatment adjuvant chemotherapy on primary tumor growth in an animal model
Authors: Straus Marc J. , Sege Vivian , Choi Sung C.
Published: February 2007

The Ca755 solid tumor in the C57B1 mouse has been used as a model to study the interrelationship of surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy on primary tumor growth.

Surgery was performed on various days after tumor implantation. Surgical mortality increased with delay in surgery. The mean survival time (MST) was significantly increased by surgery. An increased cure rate in mice with late surgery may be due to immunological factors.

Pretreatment cytoxan chemotherapy prior to a number of surgical days on the most effective schedule increased MST in the later surgical days primarily due to shrinkage of tumor and a diminished surgical mortality. Posttreatment chemotherapy significantly increased MST primarily on the basis of reducing tumor cell population after surgery and increasing both the cure rate and the time until death of those mice dying of regrowth of tumor.

Optimal chemotherapy alone significantly increased MST compared to untreated controls. Optimal postsurgery chemotherapy increased survival longer than the additive increase of chemotherapy alone and surgery alone.

This paper illustrates relationships between day of surgery dose and schedule of chemotherapy and effect on various measurable parameters. The results can best be understood in relationship to each other. It is suggested that adjuvant chemotherapy has specific definable benefits. It is apparent from human studies that carefully devised designs which consider these interrelationships are necessary if optimal therapeutic results are to be achieved.
Impaired cell‐mediated immunity in patients with cancer
Authors: Buda Joseph A. , Suciu‐Foca N. , Blomain Eric , McManus Susan , Reemtsma Keith
Published: February 2007

The ability of peripheral blood lymphocytes to respond in vitro to phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and to allogeneic cells in mixed leukocyte reaction (MLC) was studied in 85 patients with cancer and in 50 healthy controls. The effect produced by sera from cancer patients on in vitro lymphocyte blastogenesis was tested on autologous cells and on homologous cells from a constant panel of 10 normal volunteers.

Patients with cancer showed a distinct deficiency of cellular immune responsiveness reflected in a stage‐related impairment of PHA and MLC reactivity. This deficiency seems at least partially attributable to the presence of lymphocyte depressive factors in cancer sera, since such sera reduced the reactivity of both autologous and normal homologous lymphocytes to a level that was significantly lower than that found in the presence of pooled normal serum. The inhibitory activity of cancer sera was directly related to the extent of the neoplasia.
Apparent resistance of the integument of the invertebrate Lehmannia poirieri to production of papillary tumors by a known chemical carcinogen
Authors: Arcadi John A.
Published: February 2007

Papillary tumors of the skin of the land invertebrate Lehmannia poirieri (a gastropod) could not be induced by using a potent vertebrate carcinogen. With the same agent 7,12‐dimethylbenz (a) anthracene papillary tumors can readily be induced in mice. The resistance of this invertebrate to a known vertebrate carcinogen is discussed and the ramifications are conjectured.
Effects of subcutaneously implanted sustained‐release cyclophosphamide capsules on walker 256 solid rat tumor
Authors: Fu J. C. , Moyer D. L. , Cuevas J. , Young R. , Elshire D.
Published: February 2007

Complete regression of Walker 256 solid rat tumor was brought about by the subcutaneous implantation of a single sustained‐release cyclophosphamide capsule adjacent to the tumor mass. Untreated control animals died within 3 weeks after receiving the tumor with large necrotic masses. Rats with sustained‐release capsules experienced complete tumor regression within 28 days. Upon examination, the tissues around the previous tumor mass had regenerated, and no viable tumor cells could be found in the area where the previous tumor mass was. Around the implanted sustained‐release cyclophosphamide capsule a fibrous sheath has developed over the 3 weeks it was in situ. This study suggests an alternate means of cytoxic drug administration in the treatment of solid tumors in experimental animals.
Carcinogenic and possible mutagenic effects of stilboestrol in offspring exposed in utero
Authors: Bishun N. P. , Smith N. S. , Williams D. C. , Raven R. W.
Published: February 2007

The relevant literature has been reviewed and it appears that there is no doubt that in utero exposure to stilboestrol is related to the eventual development of vaginal adenocarcinoma in young females. Although cancers of other types are also prevalent, the incidence is not great and may be related to other types of drugs taken during pregnancy. The review attempts to correlate the genetic effects with the abnormal development, but on account of the scarcity of data such correlation is not possible. Further work on the genetic effects and the development of the lower genital tract in the female needs to be carried out.
Simultaneous radiation and drug therapy: Tumor response and toxicity
Authors: Friedman Moshe , Afridi Muhammed Ali , Douglass Harold , Wallace James H.
Published: February 2007

Three patients who received simultaneous radiation and chemotherapy are described. Increased tumor response and enhanced radiation reaction were observed. Simultaneous drug and radiation therapy may prove to be the treatment of choice for particular malignant tumors. More data concerning the magnitude of the toxic effects when 2 modalities are used in conjunction is needed. Dose adjustments will be required for each modality to allow for optimal damage to the tumor with minimal and acceptable adverse reaction in the normal tissue.
Visualization of breast lesions with an advanced ultrasonic device: Results of a pilot study
Authors: Weiss L. , Rosner D. , Glenn W. E.
Published: February 2007

A pilot study is described in which a new design of a sensitive ultrasonic device was used to visualize breast lesions in nine patients. The results were in general accord with clinical, histologic, and x‐ray examinations, although ultrasound was superior to x‐ray mammography in the visualization of discrete cysts in breasts having a “dense” background.

As the device provides an indication of the capabilities of ultrasonic equipment which will be generally available within the next two years, projections are made on the impact of this equipment on the earlier diagnosis and prognosis of cancer, together with a discussion of the negligible radiation bio‐hazards posed by devices of this type, in the light of present knowledge.
Effect of infusion chemotherapy and hepatic artery ligation on normal liver: Experimental study in the cat
Authors: Delk Sam , El‐Domeiri Ali A.
Published: February 2007

The effects of arterial infusion with chemotherapy alone or in combination with hepatic artery ligation on the normal liver of the cat were studied. Early in the course of treatment catas receiving chemotherapy infusion only appeared sicker than animals in other groups. Yet only 1 of 5 cats was dead at 12 weeks. In contrast, 4 of 6 animals that had hepatic artery ligation and chemotherapy infusion, and 3 of 6 that had ligation of the hepatic artery only, died during the same period of follow‐up. Progressive liver damage after dearterialization accounted for the high mortality rate. Histologic examination of liver biopsies taken from animals in these latter groups revealed marked destruction of the parenchyma. These changes were more extensive in animals treated by a combination of hepatic artery ligation and chemotherapy infusion. To avoid the injurious effects of permanent interruption of the hepatic arterial flow on normal liver tissue an alternative method of hepatic dearterialization is currently under investigation.
Reduction of metastatic rate by immunotherapy: A comparison of the immunogenic properties of metastasizing tumor cells versus tumor cells in the primary mass
Authors: Liotta Lance A. , Catanzaro Phillip J. , Kleinerman Jerome
Published: February 2007

The vasculature of a poorly immunogenic, highly metastatic transplantable fibrosarcoma (T‐241) maintained in the femoral muscle of C57BL/6J mice was perfused. This permitted collection of tumor cells which had invaded into the tumor vascular channels (ie, metastasizing tumor cells). Also collected as a separate population were tumor cells from the primary tumor mass. Immunization was carried out with these cell populations in conjunction with BCG and the effect on the growth of primary tumor and metastatic rate was evaluated following rechallenge with unfractionated tumor cells. The rate of tumor growth at the primary site was not affected by any of the immunization schedules. However, immunization with venous effluent cells (metastasizing tumor cells) and BCG was two times more effective in reducing the number of pulmonary metastases than immunization using tumor cells isolated from the primary tumor mass. Passively transferred spleen cells from donors immunized with the cell populations listed above had exactly the same effect, that is, no effect on the growth of the primary tumor, but a dramatic reduction in the metastatic rate when effluent tumor cells were used to immunize cell donors. The data point to an antigenic heterogeneity with this particular transplantable tumor.
Autoantigens in breast cancer tissue
Authors: Humphrey L. J. , Volenec P. J. , Estes N. C. , Volenec F. J.
Published: February 2007

Two antigens in specimens of human breast cancer have been identified as autoantigens. One antigen appears to be an IgG Fc fragment; the other, an IgG Fab fragment. Antibodies in sera of cancer patients directed against these antigens have also been identified. These autoantibodies occur in patients with breast cancer as well as other cancers, and rarely in patients with non‐cancerous disease or in people screened in a detection center for breast diseases. The breast cancer patient found to have antibody directed against the IgG Fab antigen falls into a group that has improved two‐year survival statistics over groups of patients who lack this antibody.
Early tissue distribution of therapeutic 131I in a patient with thyrotoxicosis
Authors: Vachal E. , Wegst A. , Preston D. , Tomita T.
Published: February 2007

A therapeutic dose of 131I was given to a 53‐year‐old man with thyrotoxicosis three and one‐half hours prior to death. The distribution of 131I in the thyroid gland was studied by autoradiography, and the radioactivity in various fresh tissues was measured. Radioactivity was distributed evenly throughout the colloid;small amounts were present in follicular cells. Radioactivity was not localized to the periphery of colloid follicles as observed in an earlier report. Papillary projections were associated with increased radioactivity. Decreased ratioactivity was associated with oxyphilic cells. Measurement of 131I in individual tissues showed that per gram of tissue the thyroid gland contained approximately 50 times that of intestine and spleen and approximately 100 times that of liver and bone.
Effect of preoperative intralesional BCG and postoperative 5‐FU chemotherapy in three adenocarcinoma lines in rats
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N.
Published: February 2007

In No. 13762 mammary adenocarcinoma, it has been shown that the combination of tumor infiltration with BCG and of subsequent surgery is more curative than either treatment modality alone. And the administration of postoperative systemic 5‐fluorouracil(5‐FU) is equally effective in eliminating the visceral metastasis and prolonging the host survival. In the experiments reported here, two other spontaneously metastasizing adenocarcinoma lines were similarly treated. Postoperative 5‐FU chemotherapy, but not intralesional BCG, significantly improved survival duration of rats with SMT‐2A mammary adenocarcinoma, but neither chemotherapy nor BCG immunotherapy was effective in the new colonic adenocarcinoma line.
Tumorlytic activity of autochthonous blood fractions upon spontaneous murine mammary carcinomas
Authors: Friedman Frank
Published: February 2007

Autologous blood fractions of mice bearing spontaneous mammary carcinoma were assessed for their autotumorlytic capability. In the 180 animals evaluated, it appears that in the blood of these tumor animals there coexists at least two types of biological antagonists ie, one which is capable of inducing tumor breakdown and necrosis and the other which apparently nullifies this action. These results seem additive to the growing body of evidence that the tumorous host has the capability of destroying its own neoplasm but some negative homeostatic mechanism seems to favor the tumor rather than the host.
Spontaneous regression of a pulmonary metastasis after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Vizel Monique , Oster Martin W. , Austin John H. M.
Published: February 2007

Regressions of metastases following nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma are rare. Most reported cases have involved pulmonary metastases. Hormonal and immunological mechanisms have been postulated. A case is described of a pulmonary metastasis which regressed after nephrectomy and which failed to recur despite the later appearance of new sites of pulmonary metastases. The literature is reviewed.
Solitary multinodular giant cell tumor of tendon sheath
Authors: Schwartz Robert Allen , Southwick Graeme J.
Published: February 2007

We present a 74 year old man with a solitary multinodular tumor of the right thumb and an adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Histologic examination of the hand tumor revealed a giant cell tumor of tendon sheath.
Hodgkin disease in monozygotic twins: A case report
Authors: Gracz Kenneth , Kofman Sydney , Economou Steven G.
Published: February 2007

Presented are the case histories of monozygotic male twins concordant for Hodgkin disease. This is believed to be the third such case report in the world literature. Its significance as it relates to the role of heredity in carcinogenesis is discussed.
Para‐aortic node biopsy in staging women with cervical, ovarian and endometrial carcinoma: A review
Authors: Piver M. Steven
Published: February 2007

In women with gynecologic malignancies the para‐aortic lymph nodes are not routinely treated. However, pretherapy surgical staging has now disclosed an incidence of para‐aortic node metastasis of 10.3% for presumed stage I and II ovarian cancer, 8.0% for stage I endometrial carcinoma, and 23.5% for stage II, III, and IV cervical cancer. Prospective trials to evaluate therapy directed to the para‐aortic nodes in women with early ovarian and endometrial carcinoma have not been carried out. Moreover, the results of high dose irradiation to biopsy proven metastasis to the aortic lymph nodes from cervical cancer has resulted in only 11.9% survival without recurrence at two years.
Asymptomatic retroperitoneal dermoid cyst (benign cystic teratoma) in a 64‐year‐old male: An autopsy case report
Authors: Honoré Louis H.
Published: February 2007

A primary retroperitoneal dermoid cyst (benign cystic teratoma) is described in a 64‐year‐old male, who died postoperatively of a leaking grafted abdominal aortic aneurysm. The asymptomatic tumor, measuring 12 cm in greatest diameter, showed an extensive sclerosing lipogranulomatous reaction in its wall and wide‐spread adhesions to the vital organs in the right hypochondrium. This patient is the oldest on record with such a lesion.
Characterization of melanoma cell membrane tumor‐associated antigens using xenoserum, alloserum, and autoserum: I. immunofluorescence
Authors: Mutzner P. Alfred , Stuhlmiller Gary M. , Seigler H. F.
Published: February 2007

Xenoantiserum, alloantiserum, and autoantiserum prepared against human melanoma cells from cell lines maintained in tissue culture were evaluated by indirect immunofluorescence (ind IF) for their content of antibodies reactive with melanoma cell membrane tumor‐associated antigens (TAA). Following absorptions which removed all detectable anti‐human species, anti‐RBC, and anti‐HLA antigen activity, the antisera were tested against a panel of human cell lines. Three apparently distinct melanoma‐associated cell membrane antigens were detected. The first of these was present on all human cells maintained in tissue culture including cells of both malignant and nonmalignant origin. The second antigen was expressed on all cells of malignant origin and also by fetal fibroblasts. The third antigen was detectable only on melanoma cells and was expressed by a majority of the melanomas tested. No evidence was obtained to suggest the presence of melanoma TAA unique to a single melanoma cell line. Marked differences were observed in the antigenic profile detected by the three antisera.
Antigenic differences among B16 melanoma variants selected for their differing abilities to metastasize: A possible mechanism for effective adjuvant immunotherapy
Authors: Steele Glenn , Wang Bosco Shang , Ghavamzadah Giti , Fallon Marguerite , Richie Jerome , Wilson Richard E. , Mannick John A.
Published: February 2007

Most C57BL/6J mice will develop pulmonary metastases four to six weeks after excision of B16 melanoma isografts and begin to die within 40 days. When applied in an adjuvant setting after isograft excision, specific B16 immune RNA (I‐RNA) therapy prevents pulmonary metastases and prolongs survival in 50% of treated animals. Since increased in vitro cell‐mediated cytotoxicity (CMC) against B16 targets has been demonstrated in animals whose survival is improved by B16 I‐RNA therapy, we have proposed that the treatment functioned, at least in part, by specifically altering host CMC in vivo. In this study, C57BL/6J splenocytes were specifically sensitized in vitro by B16 I‐RNA exposure and examined for cytotoxic effect on variants of B16 melanoma selected for their differing metastatic potential in vivo. F10 tumor targets (explanted from a B16 melanoma vairant producing frequent pulmonary metastases in vivo) were consistently more sensitive to specific in vitro cytotoxic effect than F1 target cells (from a B16 melanoma variant with low metastatic potential in vivo). Lung metastases (F1 mets) were explanted after intravenous (IV) injection of F1 and used as target cells in the in vitro CMC assays. F1 mets demonstrated greater cytotoxic effect than F1 targets after exposure to B16 I‐RNA‐treated syngeneic splenocytes. C57BL/6J mice were sacrificed at weekly intervals following adjuvant in vivo B16 I‐RNA therapy (after B16 isograft excision), and their splenocytes were shown to be consistently more cytotoxic in vitro to B16 and F10 than to F1 target cells. Splenocytes harvested from mice treated with I‐RNA specific to antigenically distinct Lewis lung carcinoma (3LL) after 3LL isograft excision had no cytotoxic effect on any of the B16 variants. When nonsensitized C57BL/6J splenocytes were examined for cytotoxic effect in natural killer (NK) assays or in NK inhibition assays, differences in cytotoxic sensitivity of B16, F10, F1, and F1 mets could not be demonstrated. We conclude, therefore, that specifically sensitized effector cells could distinguish antigenic differences among B16 variants selected for differing in vivo metastatic potiential. These differences were tumor specific and could be demonstrated by cytotoxic splenocytes after either in vivo B16 I‐RNA treatment or in vitro B16 I‐RNA exposure. The relationship of these antigenic differences to in vivo metastatic potential and to the effectiveness of adjuvant B16 I‐RNA therapy is discussed.
An analysis of percutaneous transhepatic cholangiograms
Authors: Park Hyung C. , Choi Sung H. , Nava Hector , Jennings Ethelyn C.
Published: February 2007

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiograms (PTCs) of 74 cancer cases with obstruction of the biliary tree were reviewed and evaluated as to the location, degree of obstruction, and location of the obstructing elements ie, intra‐luminal polypoid intrusions and diffuse infiltration. Special attention was given to the diagnostic value of the sign of an extrinsic compressing mass, a disputed entity. Every one of the above parameters, including extrinsic mass compression effect, proved to be worthwhile in arriving at a reasonable diagnosis. A system for coding obstructions to give maximum information in minimum space for large series of cases and to improve diagnostic accuracy of PTC in the single case is presented.
Enhancement of metastasis development by BCC lmmunotherapy
Authors: Colmerauer Maria E. , Koziol James A. , Pilch Yosef H.
Published: February 2007

When BALB/c mice bearing growing transplants of a syngeneic colon carcinoma ‐ Colon Tumor 26 (CT 26) ‐ were treated with Bacillus Calmette‐Guerin (BCG), no effect on tumor growth rate or survival time was observed compared to untreated controls. However, after excision of primary tumor transplants, enhanced development of lung metastases was noted in the BCG‐treated mice, resulting in both an increased mortality rate (from metastatic disease) and a shorter survival time.
Hospital‐based cancer detection programs for the community
Authors: Mettlin Curtis , Kizilbash Mehdi , Michalek Arthur
Published: February 2007

Experimental screening programs have demonstrated the efficacy of screening procedures for cervical, breast, and colorectal cancers but there has not been widespread application of such screening projects to programs suited to community health care facilities. Here, we illustrate how this may be accomplished by use of outpatient facilities, cancer screening clinics in hospitals, or periodic short‐term community screening programs. The objective is cancer control through screening and detection programs characterized by application of demonstrated detection procedures, reliance on existing hospital resources, use of minimally invasive screening procedures, promotion targeted to high‐risk groups, collaboration with community volunteer organizations, and emphasis on serving persons not already receiving such routine detection services. This paper presents results on the hospital monitoring of Pap smear screening of outpatients and the yield from experience with the community screening program. It also describes the various cancer control activities of an ongoing hospital‐based cancer screening clinic.
Adjunctive management of thyroid cancer: Chemotherapy
Authors: Shimaoka Katsutaro
Published: February 2007

The majority of well‐differentiated carcinoma of the thyroid can be effectively treated by surgery and thyroid hormone administration, or in combination with radioiodine therapy. Occasional patients with well‐differentiated carcinoma, and patients with medullary carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma should be considered for chemotherapy. Doxorubicin has been shown to be active in this neoplasm. In addition, there are chemotherapuetic agents shown to be active in small numbers of patients with this disease, but most of them have not received an adequate trial. Multiple‐agent chemotherapy has also been tried in this disease. However, average response rate of multiple‐agent chemotherapy appears to be only slightly better than that of doxorubicin single‐agent chemotherapy. The importance of group approach in evaluating chemotherapy program is presented.
Pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas: A review of nine cases
Authors: Reyes Cesar V. , Crain Sidney , Wang Taishine
Published: February 2007

Nine cases of pleomorphic giant cell carcinoma of the pancreas collected over a 26‐year period are analyzed. The tumor presents a distinctive histology. The head of the pancreas appears to be the predominant site of the lesions in this study, and the cell origin is considered to be the ductal epithelium. Its clinical manifestation and rapid, fatal course of usually two months are almost indistinguishable from the more conventional pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
Second primary lung carcinoma
Authors: Sulkes Aaron , Naparstek Yaakov , Shalit Meir , Kopolovic Juri
Published: February 2007

Long‐term survivors with bronchogenic carcinoma represent only a small fraction of the overall population affected with this disease. Therefore, the occurrence of a second primary lung carcinoma is a rare event and can be diagnosed either simultaneously, or, more frequently, sequentially. A review of the literature disclosed a median interval of five years between metachronous lesions with a range of 0 to 16 years. We thus consider it of interest to report a case in which 17 years had elapsed between the first tumor, successfully treated by a lobectomy, and the diagnosis of a second primary tumor located in the contralateral lung.

The literature on second primary lung tumors is reviewed and the histo‐pathological aspects, as well as the therapeutic implications, of this relatively rare condition are discussed.
Combination therapy for advanced malignant melanoma with BCNU, pseudomonas vaccine, and heparin
Authors: Snyder R. D. , Hortobagyi G. N. , Bodey G. P. , Gutterman J. U. , Hersh E. M.
Published: February 2007

A study was undertaken to investigate the addition of heparin and pseudomonas vaccine to BCNU in the treatment of patients with progressive malignant melanoma refractory to front‐line therapeutic regimens containing DTIC. Out of 27 evaluable patients, there was one partial remission (4%), and an additional ten patients (41%) had at least stable disease with a median survival time of 39 weeks compared to 15 weeks for those with progressive disease. The therapy was well tolerated. A schedule of pseudomonas vaccine that seemed to be tolerated has been established.
Carcinoma of breast associated with pregnancy and lactation
Authors: Sahni K. , Sanyal B. , Agrawal M. S. , Pant G. C. , Khanna N. N. , Khanna S.
Published: February 2007

Out Of 840 Cases Of Breast Carcinoma Seen Over A Period Of Ten Years, 18 Were Found To Be Associated With Pregnancy And Lactation. According To The Mode Of Onset And Presentation Of The Disease, These Patients Were Divided Into Four Groups. The Average Age Of These Patients Was 31.9 Years Old. Thirteen Out Of 18 Patients Presented In A Very Advanced Stage Of The Disease. In A Short Period, Involvement Of Liver Was Noticed In 8, Brain In 3, And Bones And Lung In 2 Each. The Disease Was Bilaterally Simultaneous In Two Patients. The Acceleration Of Growth Was Noticed During Second And Third Trimesters Of Pregnancy As Well As During Lactation. The Termination Of Pregnancy In Three Patients Did Not Alter The Clinical Course Of The Disease.
Wilms tumors in adults
Authors: Abadir Rushdy
Published: February 2007

A 63‐year‐old man had an unresectable metastatic Wilms tumor in the right kidney. Radiotherapy to the abdomen and chest wall as well as chemotherapy in the form of actinomycin D, vincristine, and cyclophosphamide was given. The tumor was radioresponsive but failed to respond to chemotherapy. The literature was reviewed. Other reported cases of Wilms tumor in adults treated with chemotherapy that is usually given to children are few, but the results are mostly disappointing.
Immunological significance of lymphoreticular infiltration in gastrointestinal cancer
Authors: Gupta S. , Seth S. K. , Udupa K. N. , Sen P. C. , Rastogi B. L.
Published: February 2007

The 60 patients of gastrointestinal cancer comprising this study were in the age range of 29–70 years with 39 males and 21 females. The primary sites of cancer were: gallbladder 19, colon 13, stomach 12, anorectum 8, and liver 8. The stage of tumor spread was localized in 32 and metastatic in 28 cases. Round cell infiltration scores were classified semiquantitatively from O‐V. Cellular immunity as expressed by the blood lymphocyte count and DNCB reactivity was also studied. Round cell infiltration was dense in the localized group (P < 0.0005). The mean lymphocyte counts in all the primary sites of gastrointestinal cancer were significantly higher in the localized group as compared to metastatic group. The DNCB reactivity showed anergy in six cases and poor response in the remaining 22 cases of metastatic group. There was a statistically significant correlation between lymphoreticular infiltration, peripheral blood lymphocyte count, and the DNCB reactivity. Diminished round cell infiltration, lymphopenia, and depressed DNCB response indicate an advanced stage of gastrointestinal cancer.
Uterine sarcoma following adjuvant radiotherapy for rectal carcinoma
Authors: Marmion Patrick J. , Goldfarb Paul M. , Youngkin Tyler P.
Published: February 2007

Since adjuvant radiotherapy for rectosigmoid carcinoma appears to improve prognosis, the importance of delayed side effects such as radiation‐induced malignant disease must be considered. The present report describes the first reported case of the development of a uterine carcinosarcoma more than 9 years after preoperative radiotherapy to the midpelvis for rectal carcinoma.
The pathologist's role in a multidisciplinary approach for soft part tissue sarcoma: A reappraisal (39 cases)
Authors: Mandard A. M. , Chasle J. , Mandard J. C. , Rousselot P. , Boulier N. , Vernhes J. C. , Wyplosz J. , Alperine S. , Tanguy A. , Abbatucci J. S.
Published: February 2007

A combined treatment modality of radiotherapy, surgery, and monochemotherapy in 39 cases of soft tissue sarcomas is presented. The 39 patients presented initially with local disease only, without evidence of metastases. At the end of the surgical procedure the adequacy of the excision had been evaluated by the pathologist. Surgical procedure was complemented by systematic radiation therapy. The overall recurrence rate was 7.7%; the overall incidence of metastases 31%. In the group in which adequate excision had been obtained, no loco‐regional recurrences were obtained, survival was significantly better, and the incidence of metastases was lower than in the group in whom adequate excision could not be obtained. The importance of two criteria was stressed: the depth and the character of the margins of the tumor which cannot be considered separately. The results suggest that there is a correlation between the general and loco‐regional malignancy of soft tissue sarcomas.
Malignant neoplasms of the major salivary glands
Authors: Lawrence W. Thomas , Lawrence Walter
Published: February 2007

Between January 1, 1968 and December 31, 1978, 42 patients with malignant lesions involving the major salivary glands were seen at the Medical College of Virginia. A 60% 2‐year survival and a 42% 5‐year survival were noted. Histologic type was the major determinant of survival. Symptoms other than a painless mass, a largest dimension greater than 4 cm, older age, and clinical spread outside the gland were all suggestive of both a more malignant histologic type and a worse prognosis. Based on these observations, a plan is proposed for the diagnostic approach and treatment of salivary gland masses that is based on the mode of presentation and histologic findings.
Surgical management of pericardial tamponade as a presenting manifestation of acute leukemia
Authors: Liepman Marcia K. , Goodlerner Susan
Published: February 2007

Two patients with acute leukemia presented with symptomatic acute pericarditis and rapidly developed cardiac tamponade. Conservative management was not possible in either patient due to mechanical problems with fluid removal. Thoracotomy with pericardial decompression resulted in permanent relief of symptoms in both cases. Management of cardiac tamponade in acute leukemia by surgical decompression even in severely immunocompromised hosts is a feasible alternative and should be considered when more conservative measures fail or are not possible.
A percutaneous instrument for biopsy of soft tissue masses
Authors: Miller Daniel G.
Published: February 2007

The communication describes a curved needle which is suitable for obtaining biopsy specimens from various types of soft tissue masses. In 37 out of 40 consecutive patients, a specimen satisfactory for pathologic diagnosis was obtained. No complications occurred in its use.
Correlations between serial CEA levels and surgery in patients with colorectal carcinoma
Authors: Midiri G. , Amanti C. , Benedetti M. , Caliento D. , Consorti F. , Buono S. Del , di Paola M.
Published: February 2007

Nowadays the evaluation of serial carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels represents an important parameter for the prognosis of patients with carcinoma of the large bowel. Changes in CEA values allow the drawing of conclusions regarding the effectiveness of therapy. We have studied 63 patients with colorectal carcinoma that underwent surgical treatment. Serial CEA levels were tested in each patient before surgery and 15 days after. The 53 patients were considered surgically cured; and among these 7 did not have a significant decrease of CEA values after surgery. The percentage of recurrences among these patients has been 71.4%; meanwhile patients who showed a decrease of CEA values below cutoff values had recurrences only in 17.3% of cases. For this reason is our opinion that patients considered surgically cured who have postoperative high CEA levels cannot be considered really cured from a biological point of view.
Treatment of stage D prostatic carcinoma with megestrol acetate
Authors: Block Margaret , Bonomi Philip , Anderson Kenning , Wolter Janet , Showel John , Pessis Dennis , Slayton Robert
Published: February 2007

Nine previously untreated patients with stage D prostatic carcinoma received megestrol acetate 40 mg orally three times daily. Responses included five partial regressions, two stabilizations, and two progressions. Duration of response ranged from 3 + to 33 + months, with a mean of 11.7 months and a median of 12 months. Three of five patients who had failed prior hormonal therapy remained objectively stable while receiving megestrol acetate. No gastrointestinal toxicity, gynecomastia, fluid retention, or thromboembolic complications were observed during treatment. Weight gain of 5 to 51 pounds occurred in seven of 14 patients.
Management of the pancreatic remnant in pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Papachristou Dimitri N. , Fortner Joseph G.
Published: February 2007

Of the various methods used for the management of the remaining pancreas in 70 patients who had pancreatoduodenectomy for cancer, pancreatojejunostomy (P/J) was associated with the lowest morbidity and closure of the remnant with the highest. End‐to‐end and end‐to‐side P/J were equally satisfactory, the use of stents, however, doubled the morbidity. P/J was particularly safe in the presence of a dilated pancreatic duct. Closure of the remnant caused a very high morbidity regardless if the pancreas was closed with sutures or staples. Despite their difference in morbidity, P/J and closure had the same mortality and approximately the same impact on pancreatic function, exocrine as well as endocrine. The study indicated that although closure of the remnant, as it is practiced today, gives results inferior to those obtained with P/J, with some modification it might offer a simple alternative to P/J in the future.
An in vitro clonal assay for bladder cancer: Studies of the biologic potential of the urothelium and determination of in vitro sensitivity to cytotoxic agents
Authors: Stanisic T. H. , Buick R. N. , Trent J. M. , Fry S. E. , Salmon S. E.
Published: February 2007

We have applied an in vitro colony‐forming assay system to the study of primary urothelial explants obtained transurethrally by bladder barbotage and tumor biopsy from 91 patients. Urothelial cells obtained by bladder barbotage from patients with bladder cancer and from a “control” group of individuals exhibit differential capacity to clone in agar. Of samples from bladder cancer patients, 88% formed colonies, whereas only 27% of these from a “control” group did so. Of samples from a “suspicious” patient group, 70% formed colonies. In vitro drug sensitivity studies of cells obtained by biopsy of solid tumors demonstrate a spectrum of drug sensitivity to cytotoxic agents.
Increased pyrophosphate rib uptake: Clinical correlation
Authors: Talarico Louis J. , Shalaby Omar F. O. , Abdel‐Dayem Hussein M. , Leslie Eugene V.
Published: February 2007

Two hundred and thirty‐one patients had 270 bone scans. Increased rib uptake was correlated with radiological findings. Interpretation of results whether due to benign or to metastatic disease depends on other observations. These include whether the uptake is localized or along the rib outline, single or multiple, and associated with other abnormal uptake in the rest of the skeleton. Abnormal rib uptake was encountered in 23% of patients scanned for malignant disease and 10% of patients scanned for benign conditions.

In the first group 34% were true positive and of these, rib lesions were multiple in 32% and solitary in 2%. In 20% the rib uptake was due to benign conditions and in 46% it was indefinite because of absent radiological findings. In this last difficult group 17% were due to probably early rib metastases and 29% were due to benign causes. Rib metastases were missed in only two cases, 1.1%. One case was multiple myeloma and the other was direct extension from underlying anaplastic lung carcinoma.
Histiocytic lymphoma presenting with portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices: A case report
Authors: Salem Philip A. , Tabry Imad , Parsi Mohammed , Brihi Emile
Published: February 2007

An unusual case of histiocytic lymphoma presenting with portal hypertension and bleeding esophageal varices is reported. Laparotomy revealed bulky nodal disease in the portahepatis compressing the portal vein, common bile duct, hepatic artery, and cystic duct. Liver was free of tumor, and there was no evidence of extra‐abdominal disease. Radiation therapy to the right upper quadrant of the abdomen produced a transient remission for one month, followed by relapse in mediastinum and both lung hilae.
Metastasis of sarcomatous lesion in regional lymph node
Authors: Lee Yeu‐Tsu N. , Moore Tillman M. , Schwinn Charles P.
Published: February 2007

This is a retrospective study of 390 patients with early sarcoma admitted over a 13‐year period. There were 182 bone lesions, 173 soft tissue sarcomas, and 35 visceral sarcomas. Two hundred ninety‐two patients had surgical resections, and 77 had specimens of lymph node(s) examined histologically. Among the latter group, 6 of 47 patients with non‐osseous sarcomas (13%) had metastasis in the regional node initially (subtypes include fibrohistiocytoma, leiomyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma; synovial, anaplastic, and Kaposi sarcoma). Another two patients developed nodal metastasis subsequently (rhabdomyosarcoma). Among the 30 patients with skeletal sarcomas who had lymph nodes removed during resection, one case with osteogenic sarcoma and one chondrosarcoma had nodal metastasis initially (7%). During follow‐up, one patient with Ewing's sarcoma and another with chondrosarcoma developed regional lymphadenopathy. Our findings are discussed and compared with incidences of metastatic sarcomatous lesion in lymph node reported in the literature.
Cystotomy and peroperative irradiation for bladder cancer: Long‐term results
Authors: Appelqvist Pertti , Salmo Matti
Published: February 2007

The long‐term results were investigated in 46 patients of bladder cancer treated by cystotomy and peroperative irradiation. This combination therapy appears to produce grossly comparable long‐term survival results with surgery and radiotherapy. There were ten complications during a ten‐year period after the treatment.

We think that cystotomy and peroperative irradiation could still be used for the treatment of bladder cancer especially when the tumor is not too large, is situated at the base of the bladder, and segmental resection cannot be performed, and the patient wants to spare the bladder function.
Biological markers as an aid in the clinical management of patients with liver metastases
Authors: Waalkes T. Phillip , Abeloff Martin D. , Ettinger David S. , Mrochek John E. , Bostick William D.
Published: February 2007

Liver metastases due to the more common neoplastic diseases such as colorectal, breast, or bronchogenic carcinoma are a frequent occurrence and are associated with an ominous prognosis. Earlier detection followed by appropriate therapeutic interventions might have a decided effect on the subsequent course of disease. Controversy exists over the selection of tests with the greatest sensitivity, specificity, and potential utility. Preliminary evidence suggest that γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase and 5′‐nucleotidase may be of particular significance. Four enzymes — γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase, 5′‐nucleotidase, leucine aminopeptidase, and alkaline phosphatase plus carcinoembryonic antigen — were compared in the same blood samples from selected patients with breast and small cell carcinoma of the lung. γ‐Glutamyl transpeptidase was the most sensitive test with 28/29 (97%) patients with hepatic metastases having elevated enzymatic activity in their sera. For patients with small cell carcinoma of the lung followed serially, γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase activity was increased an average of 5 months before liver metastases were detected by clinical means. Two factors are important in the interpretation of the results of γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase analysis: (1) Hepatic dysfunction due to diseases other than metastatic tumor involvement can cause a rise in enzyme levels as can (2) medications or ethanol which activate the hepatic microsomal drug metabolizing system. Of particular importance, however, is the fact that antitumor chemotherapy, even intensive and multiple agent, did not appear to effect the enzyme activity in the sera of patients with breast or small cell carcinoma of the lung. γ‐Glutamyl transpeptidase in combination with carcinoembryonic antigen may be of particular value in detecting liver metastases and in assessing subsequent response to therapy.
An experimental brain tumor model in rabbits
Authors: Morgan David F. , Silberman Allan W. , Bubbers J. Eric , Rand Robert W. , Storm F. Kristian , Morton Donald L.
Published: February 2007

A rabbit brain tumor model is described using transplanted VX‐2 carcinoma. The mean survival time after tumor transplantation was 9.3 days, and the reproducibility rate was 90%. In addition, this new model offers significant advantages over previously reported brain tumor models in terms of ease of induction and shortened latency times.
Lymphography, a new technique of incision
Authors: Park H. C. , Bahng C. H. , Jennings E. C.
Published: February 2007

An improved technique for exposing a lymph vessel prior to cannulation is introduced. This involves one clean incision and minimal dissection. Utilizing this technique, a vessel can be exposed within a minute. Damage to the skin and subcutaneous tissue is minimal. Leaking and procedure failures are rare. Fast healing occurs due to minimal incision length and trauma.
Villous adenomatosis and carcinoma in a 66‐year‐old man with familial polyposis
Authors: Roseman James M. , Clausen Kathryn P. , Minton John P.
Published: February 2007

A patient evaluated and treated for carcinoma of the colon and multiple polyps and the patient's family represent a new pattern of clinical and pathologic manifestations of familial polyposis. The lack of antecedent family history of polyposis, the presence of diffuse villous degeneration, and the occurrence of cancer at age 66 years are a departure from the usual character of this syndrome.

Subsequent generations continued the expression of familial polyposis with prominent villous changes. New insight into a possible relationship among the various types of polyps as well as between them and cancer is suggested by this family.