bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rendimiento de 10 clones de camote (Ipomoea batatas L.) en Trujillo, La Molina, San Ramón y Huaral
Authors: Pinedo Taco Rember , Rodríguez Soto Gilberto , Valverde Reyes Norma
Published: November 2018

Evalúa diez avanzados clones de camote de pulpa naranja en las localidades de San Ramón, Huaral, Lima y Trujillo. El experimento de campo se llevó a cabo bajo un diseño de bloques completos al azar con dos bloques en las cuatro localidades. Las variables en estudio fueron: rendimiento total de las raíces reservantes, rendimiento comercial de raíces reservantes, rendimiento de follaje fresco y materia seca de raíces reservantes. En rendimiento de follaje fresco, Huambachero resultó el de mayor rendimiento, pero estadísticamente similar a los demás clones PZ08.153, PJ05.212, Jonathan, PZ06.029 y PJ05.052; en rendimiento comercial de raíces reservantes, los clones PJ05.212 (96.34 t.ha-1); PJ05.052 (85.13 t.ha-1); PH06.011 (39.59 t.ha-1) y PJ07.119 (37.77 t.ha-1) produjeron los rendimientos más altos en Trujillo, La Molina, San Ramón y Huaral, respectivamente. Respecto a los rendimientos totales de raíces reservantes, los mejores clones fueron PJ05.052 (116.37 t.ha-1); PJ05.052 (130.68 t.ha-1); PJ07.691 (54.59 t.ha-1) y PZ08.153 (44.51 t.ha-1) para las localidades de Trujillo, La Molina, San Ramón y Huaral, respectivamente. Los rendimientos más altos en materia seca de raíces reservantes por hectárea fueron producidos por Huambachero (37.74 t.ha-1en Trujillo y 12.16 t.ha-1en Huaral); PJ07.691 (13.68 t.ha-1) en San Ramón, y PJ05.052 (18.76 t.ha-1) en La Molina.
Translating Meschonnic's Ethics and Politics of Translating
Authors: Boulanger Pier-Pascale
Published: November 2018

This very short text recounts my experience of translating Henri Meschonnic's essays, which combine the trials of poetry and the tribulations of texts in the humanities. I explain the reasons why I chose to translate Éthique et politique du traduire (2007) and touch on the relation between reading habits and the perception of fluency.
Lightweight Design of Multi-Objective Topology for a Large-Aperture Space Mirror
Authors: Qu Yanjun , Jiang Yanru , Feng Liangjie , Li Xupeng , Liu Bei , Wang Wei
Published: November 2018

For a large-aperture space telescope, one of the key techniques is the method for designing the lightweight primary mirror assembly (PMA). In order to minimize the mirror surface error under axial gravity, lateral gravity, and polishing pressure at the same time, a method for topology optimization with multi-objective function combined with parametric optimization is introduced in this paper. The weighted compliance minimum is selected as the objective function to maximum the mirror structural stiffness. Then sensitivity analysis method and size optimization are used to determine the mirror structure parameters. Compared with two types of commonly used lightweight configurations, the new configuration design shows obvious superiority. In addition, the surface figure root mean square (RMS) of the mirror mounted by given bipod flexure (BF) under 1 g lateral gravity is minimized only with a value of 3.58 nm, which proves the effectiveness of the design method proposed in this paper.
Molecular Mechanisms Regulating Organ-Specific Metastases in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma
Authors: Barbolina Maria V.
Published: November 2018

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma is the most predominant type of ovarian carcinoma, the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. It is typically diagnosed late when the cancer has already metastasized. Transcoelomic metastasis is the most predominant mechanism of dissemination from epithelial ovarian carcinoma, although both hematogenously and lymphogenously spread metastases also occur. In this review, we describe molecular mechanisms known to regulate organ-specific metastasis from epithelial ovarian carcinoma. We begin by discussing the sites colonized by metastatic ovarian carcinoma and rank them in the order of prevalence. Next, we review the mechanisms regulating the transcoelomic metastasis. Within this chapter, we specifically focus on the mechanisms that were demonstrated to regulate peritoneal adhesion—one of the first steps in the transcoelomic metastatic cascade. Furthermore, we describe mechanisms of the transcoelomic metastasis known to regulate colonization of specific sites within the peritoneal cavity, including the omentum. Mechanisms underlying hematogenous and lymphogenous metastatic spread are less comprehensively studied in ovarian cancer, and we summarize mechanisms that were identified to date. Lastly, we discuss the outcomes of the clinical trials that attempted to target some of the mechanisms described in this review.
Lipid Metabolic Reprogramming in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Nakagawa Hayato , Hayata Yuki , Kawamura Satoshi , Yamada Tomoharu , Fujiwara Naoto , Koike Kazuhiko
Published: November 2018

Metabolic reprogramming for adaptation to the local environment has been recognized as a hallmark of cancer. Although alterations in fatty acid (FA) metabolism in cancer cells have received less attention compared to other metabolic alterations such as glucose or glutamine metabolism, recent studies have uncovered the importance of lipid metabolic reprogramming in carcinogenesis. Obesity and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are well-known risk factors of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and individuals with these conditions exhibit an increased intake of dietary FAs accompanied by enhanced lipolysis of visceral adipose tissue due to insulin resistance, resulting in enormous exogenous FA supplies to hepatocytes via the portal vein and lymph vessels. This “lipid-rich condition” is highly characteristic of obesity- and NASH-driven HCC. Although the way in which HCC cells adapt to such a condition and exploit it to aid their progression is not understood, we recently obtained new insights into this mechanism through lipid metabolic reprogramming. In addition, accumulating evidence supports the importance of lipid metabolic reprogramming in various situations of hepatocarcinogenesis. Thus, in this review, we discuss the latest findings regarding the role of FA metabolism pathways in hepatocarcinogenesis, focusing on obesity- and NASH-driven lipid metabolic reprogramming.
Self-Healing Coatings Based on Linseed-Oil-Loaded Microcapsules for Protection of Cementitious Materials
Authors: Kim Dong-Min , Song In-Ho , Choi Ju-Young , Jin Seung-Won , Nam Kyeong-Nam , Chung Chan-Moon
Published: November 2018

Linseed oil undergoes an oxidative drying reaction upon exposure to air, resulting in a soft film. The reaction conversion after 48 h reached 88% and 59% when it reacted at room temperature and −20 °C, respectively. Linseed-oil-loaded microcapsules were prepared using a urea-formaldehyde polymer as the shell wall material. The microcapsules were integrated into a commercially available protective coating formulation to prepare self-healing coating formulations with different capsule loadings. The coating formulations were applied on mortar specimens to prepare self-healing coatings. The effect of capsule loading on adhesion strength of the self-healing coating was studied. The self-healing function of the coating was investigated by SEM, a water sorptivity test and an accelerated carbonation test. Successful self-healing was demonstrated for both scratch and crack damage in the coatings. Low-temperature self-healing was demonstrated with a saline solution sorptivity test conducted at −20 °C. The linseed-oil-based microcapsule-type self-healing coating system is a promising candidate as a protective coating for cementitious materials.
Comparing Medicinal Uses of Cochlospermaceae throughout Its Geographic Range with Insights from Molecular Phylogenetics
Authors: Johnson-Fulton Susannah B. , Watson Linda E.
Published: November 2018

Species of the Cochlospermaceae, a small mostly pantropical plant family, were evaluated at a continental scale for medicinal uses in traditional medicine. This ethnobotanical information was placed in a phylogenetic framework to make informed predictions in the search for new medicines and bioactive compounds. Medicinal plant-use data were mapped onto a molecular phylogeny based on DNA sequences of nuclear and chloroplast markers. Associations of medicinal uses among closely related species occurring in different geographic regions and among diverse cultures were evaluated. The most common medicinal uses for these species are those used to treat skin ailments, gastro-intestinal problems, malaria, and liver issues. The plant species with the most numerous uses is Cochlospermum tinctorium, which occurs primarily in West Africa. Closely related species being used by cultural groups in different geographic regions to treat the same illnesses suggests the presence of bioactive compounds with potential biomedical value, since they may represent independent discoveries of similar medicinally-active compounds. This leads to the speculation that those closely related species not currently being used to treat these ailments may also contain identical or similar medicinally-active compounds and are worthy of laboratory investigations.
Comparison of NARX and Dual Polarization Models for Estimation of the VRLA Battery Charging/Discharging Dynamics in Pulse Cycle
Authors: Chmielewski Adrian , Możaryn Jakub , Piórkowski Piotr , Bogdziński Krzysztof
Published: November 2018

The following work presents the model-assisted research on Valve-Regulated Lead-Acid (VRLA) Absorbent Glass Mat (AGM) battery in pulse operation cycle. The experimental research was conducted for a constant value of State of Charge (SOC) of the battery, for values ranging from 0.2 to 0.8. Based on the conducted test stand research, the parameters of the battery were identified, which were later used to model the battery using the equivalent circuit based on dual polarization (DP) model with double Resistive-Capacitive (RC) loop. Simulations were performed for the identified parameters of the battery which are described by the general form of the polynomial. The second part contains the research on utilization of Nonlinear AutoRegressive eXogenous (NARX) recurrent neural network to predict SOC and a terminal voltage of the battery. Obtained validation results with the use of the identified parameters of the double RC loop and NARX model were discussed in the following work. The article also features the advantages and disadvantages of NARX model and DP model utilization for the use of in Battery Managements Systems (BMS) and micro-installations based on renewable energy sources. Furthermore, the advantages of the addition of more RC loops to describe the dynamic states of batteries in pulse states were discussed in the article.
Parametric Study on EGR Cooler Fouling Mechanism Using Model Gas and Light-Duty Diesel Engine Exhaust Gas
Authors: Park Sangjun , Lee Kyo Seung , Park Jungsoo
Published: November 2018

Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) and high-pressure fuel injection are key technologies for reducing diesel engine emissions in the face of reinforced regulations. With the increasing need for advanced EGR technologies to achieve low-temperature combustion and low emission, the adverse etableffects of EGR must be addressed. One of the main problems is fouling of the EGR cooler, which involves the deposition of particulate matter (PM) due to the thermophoretic force between the cooler wall and flow field. A large amount of deposited PM can reduce the effectiveness of the heat exchanger in the EGR cooler and the de-NOx efficiency. In the present study, the effects of the variables that affect EGR cooler fouling are investigated by a comparison of laboratory-based and engine-based experiments. In the laboratory experiment, a soot generator that could readily provide separate control of the variables was used to generate the model EGR gas. Through control of the soot generator, it was possible to perform a parametric study by varying the particle size, the EGR gas flow rate, and the coolant temperature as the dominant parameters. A decrease in these factors caused an increase in the mass of the deposit and a drop in the effectiveness of the heat exchanger, related to fouling of the EGR cooler. In the engine-based experiment, engine-like conditions were provided to analyze real exhaust gas without a soot generator. Different variables were found to induce fouling of the EGR cooler, and the results of the engine-based experiment differed from those of the laboratory experiment. For example, in the engine-based experiment, a decrease in the EGR gas flow rate did not lead to a more pronounced drop in the effectiveness of the heat exchanger because of the increase in the concentration of PM in the EGR gas. This result shows that the conditions of the engine exhaust gas are different from those of the soot generator.
Wave Velocity and Power Spectral Density of Hole-Containing Specimens with Different Moisture Content under Uniaxial Compression
Authors: Zhang Tian-jun , Zhang Lei , Li Shu-gang , Liu Jia-lei , Pan Hong-yu , Ji Xiang
Published: November 2018

The gas drainage borehole is a typical hole-containing structure, and its failure is similar to the hole-containing specimen. To study the characteristics of wave velocity and power spectral density of the hole-containing specimens with different moisture content, an ultrasonic test of the hole-containing specimens during destruction was carried out. A waveform with different moisture contents was recorded by the RSM-SY7 system. The wave velocity and power spectral density was calculated to analyze its relationship with moisture content and degree of damage. The results show that the wave velocity of the hole-containing specimens gradually decreases during the destruction. There were 3 stages of attenuation of wave velocity during the destruction, which were stable, slightly reduced, and rapidly decreasing stages. Changes in moisture content would cause changes of duration of the three stages. The power spectral density gradually decreases during the destruction. The moisture content affected the attenuation mode of the power spectral density and the amount of attenuation. In the detecting of the gas borehole, the wave velocity and the power spectral density can be used to locate the damage area. This research provides a theoretical basis for detection engineering.
Experimental Study on the Performance of a Crashworthy Device for the Monopile Offshore Wind Turbine against Ship Impact
Authors: Ren Nianxin , Li Wei , Ma Zhe , Ou Jinping , Ning Dezhi
Published: November 2018

In the present work, a crashworthy device for a monopile offshore wind turbine has been proposed, which consists of the inner two-layer rubber torus and the outer thin steel shell. The performance of the crashworthy device against ship impact has been investigated experimentally. Based on the prototype of a 4 MW monopile wind turbine in the East China Sea, the scale ratio of the test model has been designed to be 1/50. The test ship model has been simplified as a “rigid car” equipped with a high-frequency force sensor in the front, which is available for changing the ship mass with different weights. The ship-impact velocity can be accurately controlled by a motion platform driven by a direct current machine. The effect of the key design parameters of the crashworthy device on its anti-impact performance has been tested and compared under typical ship impact cases. The results indicate that the crashworthy device can effectively reduce both the ship impact force and the top nacelle acceleration, and the physical mechanism that has been clarified. The outer thin steel shell can significantly use its structural deformation to absorb the ship impact energy, which is beneficial for reducing the structural damage of the offshore wind turbine (OWT)’s tower. The inner rubber torus can effectively prolong the ship impact duration, which is available for smoothing the impact force. Finally, the porous design for the outer steel shell of the crashworthy device has been proposed and tested.
Application of Terrestrial Laser Scanner to Evaluate the Influence of Root Collar Geometry on Stump Height after Mechanized Forest Operations
Authors: Labelle Eric R. , Heppelmann Joachim B. , Borchert Herbert
Published: November 2018

The height of tree stumps following mechanized forest operations can be influenced by machine-, tree-, terrain-, and operator-related characteristics. High stumps may pose different economic and technical disadvantages. Aside from a reduction in product recovery (often associated with sawlog potential), leaving high stumps can complicate future entries if smaller equipment with low ground clearance is used, particularly in the case where new machine operating trails are required. The objective of this exploratory study was to examine if correlations existed between the height of tree stumps following mechanized harvesting and the shape of the above-ground root collar, stump diameter, and distance to the machine operating trail. In total, 202 sample stumps of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) and the surrounding terrain were scanned with a terrestrial laser scanner. The collected data was processed into a 3D-model and then analyzed. Stump height was compared with different characteristics such as stump diameter at the cut surface, distance to the machine operating trail, number of visible root flares per stump, and the root collar. The number of root flares per stump had a positive influence on stump diameter and height, showing a general trend of increasing diameter and height with the increasing number of root flares. Root angles also had an influence on the stump diameter. The diameter of a stump and the shape of the root collar at the cut surface together had a significant effect on stump height and the model reported explained half of the variation of stump heights. Taken together, these findings suggest that other factors than the ones studied can also contribute in influencing stump height during mechanized harvesting operations. Further investigations, including pre- and post-harvest scans of trees selected for removal, are warranted.
Characterization of Phosphorus in Subtropical Coastal Sand Dune Forest Soils
Authors: Lin Chiao-Wen , Tian Guanglong , Pai Chung-Wen , Chiu Chih-Yu
Published: November 2018

Continuous research into the availability of phosphorus (P) in forest soil is critical for the sustainable management of forest ecosystems. In this study, we used sequential chemical extraction and 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-NMR) to evaluate the form and distribution of inorganic P (Pi) and organic P (Po) in Casuarina forest soils of a subtropical coastal sand dune in Houlong, Taiwan. The soil samples were collected from humic (+2–0 cm) and mineral layers (mineral-I: 0–10, mineral-II: 10–20 cm) at two topographic locations (upland and lowland) with different elevations. Sequential chemical extraction revealed that the NaOH-Po fraction, as moderately recalcitrant P, was the dominant form in humic and mineral-I layers in both upland and lowland soils, whereas the cHCl-Pi fraction was the dominant form in the mineral-II layer. The resistant P content, including NaOH-Pi, HCl-Pi, cHCl-Pi, and cHCl-Po fractions, was higher in the upland than in the lowland. However, the labile P content, NaHCO3-Po, showed the opposite pattern. The content of resistant Pi (NaOH-Pi, HCl-Pi, and cHCl-Pi) increased significantly with depth, but that of labile Pi (resin-Pi and NaHCO3-Pi) and recalcitrant Po (NaHCO3-Po, NaOH-Po, and cHCl-Po) decreased significantly with depth at both locations. 31P-NMR spectroscopy revealed inorganic orthophosphate and monoesters-P as the major forms in this area. The proportions of Pi and Po evaluated by sequential chemical extraction and 31P-NMR spectroscopy were basically consistent. The results indicate that the soils were in weathered conditions. Furthermore, the P distribution and forms in this coastal sand dune landscape significantly differed between the upland and lowland because of the variation in elevation and eolian aggradation effects.
A Review of DSP-Based Enabling Technologies for Cloud Access Networks
Authors: Giddings Roger , Duan Xiao , Al-Rawachy Ehab , Mao Mingzhi
Published: November 2018

Optical access networks, metro networks and mobile data networks are facing rapidly evolving demands, not only is it essential to satisfy the unyielding need for increased user bandwidths, but future networks must also support the growing wide variation in traffic dynamics and characteristics, due to various emerging technologies, such as cloud-based services, the Internet-of-Things (IoT) and 5G mobile systems, and due to growing trends, such as the proliferation of mobile devices and the rapidly increasing popularity of video-on-demand services. To be cost-effective and commercially sustainable, future optical networks must offer features, such as, dynamic reconfigurability, highly efficient use of network resources, elastic bandwidth provisioning with fine granularity, network sliceabilty and software defined networking (SDN). To meet these requirements Cloud Access Networks (CANs) are proposed which require a number of flexible, adaptive and reconfigurable networking elements. By exploiting digital signal processing (DSP) we have proposed a digital orthogonal filter-based multiplexing technique to implement CANs with multiplexed, independent optical channels at the wavelength, sub-wavelength, and orthogonal sub-band levels. This paper reviews the overall CAN concept, the operating principles of the various CAN network elements and presents an overview of the research work we have undertaken in order to validate the feasibility of the proposed technologies which includes real-time DSP-based demonstrations.
Galactic Density and Evolution Based on the Virial Theorem, Energy Minimization, and Conservation of Angular Momentum
Authors: Criss Robert E. , Hofmeister Anne M.
Published: November 2018

Spiral galaxies are spinning, internally densified objects. The Virial Theorem explains galactic rotation curves via its linkage of the rotation rate to the gravitational self-potential (Ug) and the moment of inertia of oblate spheroids. We devise a new analytical solution that allows galactic mass and volumetric density (kg m−3) profiles to be extracted from velocity and its derivative as functions of equatorial radius. This inverse model of rotation curves is direct, unambiguous, and parameter-free. To probe galactic evolution, we combine energy minimization, angular momentum conservation, and the Virial Theorem. The characteristic flat shape of spiral galaxies results from an initial vertical collapse of a spinning, colossal molecular cloud, which reduces Ug while conserving angular momentum. Subsequent inward densification further lowers Ug, producing bulges, but conserving angular momentum requires mass loss, achieved by the outward movement of the distal parts of the spiral arms. Many of the evolutionary patterns of spiral galaxies are exhibited by the changing shapes of hurricanes during formation and dissipation. In contrast, elliptical galaxies evolve from a cloud with roughly random orbits into progressively rounder, internally denser objects, with angular momentum conserved by the development of vertically oriented jets. Galactic evolution is governed by the initial inventory of mass and angular momentum, resulting in separate paths for elliptical and spiral galaxies, as is codified in Hubble’s tuning fork diagram.
Genetic Dissection of Azuki Bean Weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) Resistance in Moth Bean (Vigna aconitifolia [Jaqc.] Maréchal)
Authors: Somta Prakit , Jomsangawong Achara , Yundaeng Chutintorn , Yuan Xingxing , Chen Jingbin , Tomooka Norihiko , Chen Xin
Published: November 2018

The azuki bean weevil (Callosobruchus chinensis L.) is an insect pest responsible for serious postharvest seed loss in leguminous crops. In this study, we performed quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping of seed resistance to C. chinensis in moth bean (Vigna aconitifolia [Jaqc.] Maréchal). An F2 population of 188 plants developed by crossing resistant accession ‘TN67’ (wild type from India; male parent) and susceptible accession ‘IPCMO056’ (cultivated type from India; female parent) was used for mapping. Seeds of the F2 population from 2014 and F2:3 populations from 2016 and 2017 were bioassayed with C. chinensis, and the percentage of damaged seeds and progress of infestation severity were measured. Segregation analysis suggested that C. chinensis resistance in TN176 is controlled by a single dominant gene, designated as Rcc. QTL analysis revealed one principal and one modifying QTL for the resistance, named qVacBrc2.1 and qVacBrc5.1, respectively. qVacBrc2.1 was located on linkage group 2 between simple sequence repeat markers CEDG261 and DMB-SSR160 and accounted for 50.41% to 64.23% of resistance-related traits, depending on the trait and population. Comparative genomic analysis suggested that qVacBrc2.1 is the same as QTL Brc2.1 conferring C. chinensis resistance in wild azuki bean (V. nepalensis Tateishi and Maxted). Markers CEDG261 and DMB-SSR160 should be useful for marker-assisted selection for C. chinensis resistance in moth bean.
Successful Aging and Frailty: A Systematic Review
Authors: Rolfson Darryl
Published: November 2018

The terms successful aging (SA) and frailty appear to have much in common, both in terms of overlapping constructs and common challenges with consensus and operationalization. The aim of this review is to summarize existing literature that defines that relationship. Primary and secondary source articles that used either term in the title or abstract were systematically reviewed for relevance to the study objective. Of 61 articles that met these criteria, 30 were secondary source, and of these four were highly relevant. Four of the remaining 31 original research articles were selected, and the prevalence of frailty and SA in populations with different characteristics were described and compared. The same model of frailty was used in all primary studies, but definitions for successful aging were heterogeneous. The prevalence of frailty ranged from 11.8% to 44.0% and that of SA ranged from 10.4% to 47.2%. The definitions used for each, especially the extent of multidimensionality, appeared to reflect the degree of overlap between SA and frailty. Whether frailty and SA are part of the same or different constructs, there is a pressing need for an ordered taxonomy to advance research that translates into clinical practice.
Yugonostalgia as a Kind of Love: Politics of Emotional Reconciliations through Yugoslav Popular Music
Authors: Petrov Ana
Published: November 2018

In the aftermath of the Yugoslav wars, listening to Yugoslav popular music has often been seen as a choice charged with political meaning, as a symptom of Yugonostalgia and as a statement against the nationalistic discourses of the post-Yugoslav states. In this article, I will show how the seemingly neutral concept of love is embedded in the music and memory practices in the post-Yugoslav context. In dealing with the issue of love, I draw on the research regarding emotions as social, cultural, and performative categories. The research included the analysis of the interconnectedness of the discourses on love and the discourse on Yugoslavia (promoted by both the performers and the audience). In addition to the striking intertwinement of the two, the actual term love was quite often used when describing the general relation to Yugoslavia, or its music in particular, or the relation of the people from the former country. Pointing to the multifarious meanings and usages of the concept of love as understood in the post-Yugoslav music space, I will argue that Yugonostalgia can be understood as a kind of love. As such, Yugonostalgia can be used for commercial purposes and be a means for the commodification of feelings and memories.
Chinese Sexual Minority Male Adolescents’ Suicidality and Body Mass Index
Authors: Huang Yeen , Li Pengsheng , Lai Zhisheng , Jia Xiaofei , Xiao Di , Wang Tian , Guo Lan , Lu Ciyong
Published: November 2018

Excess weight status may increase the risk of suicidality among sexual minority females, but few studies have examined this suicidality disparity in sexual minority males. This study examined the association between sexual minority status and suicide attempts in Chinese male adolescents and tested whether body mass index (BMI) had a moderating effect on that association. Data were collected from 7th to 12th graders from seven randomly selected provinces of China in the 2015 School-Based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey. In total, 72,409 male students completed the questionnaires regarding sexual attraction, self-reported weight and height, and suicide attempts. After adjustment for covariates, sexual minority status was associated with suicide attempts among male students (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI = 1.57–1.93). Stratification analyses showed that BMI category moderated this association; compared with the results before stratification analyses, sexual minority males who were obese had increased risk of suicide attempts (AOR = 2.15, 95% CI = 1.09–4.24), sexual minority males who were overweight had reduced odds of suicide attempts (AOR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.01–1.92), and no significant association change was found in sexual minority males who were underweight (AOR = 1.82, 95% CI = 1.43–2.33). Our study indicated that BMI moderated the risk of suicide attempts in sexual minority males. Suicide prevention targeting sexual minority males should be focused on weight status disparity and the creation of a positive climate to reduce minority stressors due to body image.
Alkali-Silica Reactivity of High Density Aggregates for Radiation Shielding Concrete
Authors: Jóźwiak-Niedźwiedzka Daria , Glinicki Michał A. , Gibas Karolina , Baran Tomasz
Published: November 2018

Long-term exposure of concrete to nuclear reactor environments may enhance the ageing phenomena. An investigation concerning a possible deleterious alkali-silica reaction (ASR) in concrete containing high-density aggregates is presented in this paper. The scope of this investigation was limited to heavy aggregates that could be used for the construction of the first Polish nuclear power plant (NPP). Five different high-density aggregates were selected and tested: three barites, magnetite, and hematite. Mineralogical analysis was conducted using thin section microscopic observation in transmitted light. The accelerated mortar beam test and the long-time concrete prism test were applied to estimate the susceptibility of heavy aggregates to ASR. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were conducted on aggregates and mortars. The quartz size in aggregate grains was evaluated using image analysis. Application of the accelerated mortar beam method confirmed the observations of thin sections and XRD analysis of high-density aggregates. The microcrystalline quartz in hematite aggregate and cristobalite in one of barite aggregate triggered an ASR. The composition of ASR gel was confirmed by microscopic analysis. The long-term concrete test permitted the selection of innocuous high-density aggregates from among the other aggregates available, which showed practically no reactivity.
Evaluation of Chemical Mechanical Polishing-Based Surface Modification on 3D Dental Implants Compared to Alternative Methods
Authors: Alsaeedi Riaid , Ozdemir Z.
Published: November 2018

Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been introduced in previous studies as a synergistic technique to modify the surface chemistry and topography of titanium-based implants to control their biocompatibility. In this study, the effectiveness of CMP implementation on titanium-based implant surface modification was compared to machined implants, such as baseline and etching and biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP) particle-based sand blasting treatments, in terms of the surface chemical and mechanical performance. Initially, a lab-scale 3D CMP technique was developed and optimized on commercial dental implant samples. The mechanical competitiveness of the dental implants treated with the selected methods was examined with the Vickers microhardness test as well as pull-out force and removal torque force measurements. Furthermore, the surface structures were quantified through evaluation of the arithmetic mean roughness parameter (Ra). Subsequently, the surface chemistry changes on the treated implants were studied as wettability by contact angle measurement, and surface passivation was evaluated through electrochemical methods. In each evaluation, the CMP treated samples were observed to perform equal or better than the baseline machined implants as well as the current method of choice, the BCP treatment. The ability to control the surface topography and chemistry simultaneously by the use of CMP technique is believed to be the motivation for its adaptation for the modification of implant surfaces in the near future.
Stone/Coating Interaction and Durability of Si-Based Photocatalytic Nanocomposites Applied to Porous Lithotypes
Authors: Roveri Marco , Gherardi Francesca , Brambilla Luigi , Castiglioni Chiara , Toniolo Lucia
Published: November 2018

The use of hybrid nanocoatings for the protection of natural stones has received increasing attention over the last years. However, the interaction of these materials with stones and, in particular, its modification resulting from the blending of nanoparticles and matrices, are yet little explored. In this work, the interaction of two nanocomposite coatings (based on alkylalkoxysilane matrices and TiO2 nanoparticles in water and 2-propanol) with two different porous stones is examined in detail by comparing their absorption behaviour and protection performance with those of the respective TiO2-free matrices. It is shown that the protective effectiveness of both matrices is not negatively affected by the presence of TiO2, as the desired water barrier effect is retained, while a significant photocatalytic activity is achieved. The addition of titania leads to a partial aggregation of the water-based matrix and accordingly reduces the product penetration into stones. On the positive side, a chemical interaction between titania and this matrix is observed, probably resulting in a greater stability of nanoparticles inside the protective coating. Moreover, although an effect of TiO2 on the chemical stability of matrices is observed upon UV light exposure, the protective performance of coatings is substantially maintained after ageing, while the interaction between matrices and nanoparticles results in a good retention of the latter upon in-lab simulated rain wash-out.
Thermal Stress Relaxation and High-Temperature Corrosion of Cr-Mo Steel Processed Using Multifunction Cavitation
Authors: Ijiri Masataka , Okada Norihiro , Kanetou Syouta , Yamamoto Masato , Nakagawa Daisuke , Tanaka Kumiko , Yoshimura Toshihiko
Published: November 2018

This research investigated high-temperature corrosion (500 °C) of Cr-Mo steel processed using water jet peening or multifunction cavitation (MFC), and the suitability of such steel for high-temperature boilers and reaction vessels. High-temperature corrosion was induced using an embedment test and a coating test using sulfide-type K2SO4-Na2SO4 powder. To measure the relaxation of the residual stress due to the decrease in work hardening caused by an increase in specimen temperature and the difference in thermal shrinkage between the surface and interior of the specimen, a thermal cycling test was conducted. For the MFC-processed specimen, the oxide film that formed on the surface suppressed mass loss, prevented crack formation, and reduced the compressive residual stress caused by high-temperature corrosion. MFC-processed Cr-Mo steel is thus suitable for a high-temperature corrosion environment.
Structural Formation of UHMWPE Film Tracked by Real-Time Retardation Measurements during Uniaxial/Biaxial Stretching
Authors: Hashimoto Yoshinori , Nishitsuji Shotaro , Kurose Takashi , Ito Hiroshi
Published: November 2018

This work reports on an experimental study of the stretching of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) film in various uniaxial/biaxial stretching modes at various temperatures and stretching speeds. We examined the stress-birefringence relationship as a stress-optical rule (SOR) under uniaxial stretching and evaluated the stress-optical coefficient (SOC). Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) measurements were applied to evaluate the contribution to birefringence of the crystalline and amorphous phases and to characterize stretching modes. In simultaneous biaxial stretching, the melting temperature (Tm) proved critical to structural formation. We applied thermal analysis techniques and tensile testing to evaluate higher order structures after each stretching mode.
Fundamentals of Force-Controlled Friction Riveting: Part I—Joint Formation and Heat Development
Authors: Pina Cipriano Gonçalo , Blaga Lucian A. , F. dos Santos Jorge , Vilaça Pedro , Amancio-Filho Sergio T.
Published: November 2018

This work presents a systematic study on the correlations between process parameters and rivet plastic deformation, produced by force-controlled friction riveting. The 5 mm diameter AA2024 rivets were joined to 13 mm, nominal thickness, polyetherimide plates. A wide range of joint formations was obtained, reflecting the variation in total energy input (24–208 J) and process temperature (319–501 °C). The influence of the process parameters on joint formation was determined, using a central composite design and response surface methodology. Friction time displayed the highest contribution on both rivet penetration (61.9%) and anchoring depth (34.7%), and friction force on the maximum width of the deformed rivet tip (46.5%). Quadratic effects and two-way interactions were significant on rivet anchoring depth (29.8 and 20.8%, respectively). Bell-shaped rivet plastic deformation—high mechanical interlocking—results from moderate energy inputs (~100 J). These geometries are characterized by: rivet penetration depth of 7 to 9 mm; maximum width of the deformed rivet tip of 9 to 12 mm; and anchoring depth higher than 6 mm. This knowledge allows the production of optimized friction-riveted connections and a deeper understanding of the joining mechanisms, further discussed in Part II of this work.
Population-Level Analysis to Determine Parameters That Drive Variation in the Plasma Metabolite Profiles
Authors: Al-Majdoub Mahmoud , Herzog Katharina , Daka Bledar , Magnusson Martin , Råstam Lennart , Lindblad Ulf , Spégel Peter
Published: November 2018

The plasma metabolome is associated with multiple phenotypes and diseases. However, a systematic study investigating clinical determinants that control the metabolome has not yet been conducted. In the present study, therefore, we aimed to identify the major determinants of the plasma metabolite profile. We used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) to determine 106 metabolites in plasma samples from 2503 subjects in a cross-sectional study. We investigated the correlation structure of the metabolite profiles and generated uncorrelated metabolite factors using principal component analysis (PCA) and varimax rotation. Finally, we investigated associations between these factors and 34 clinical covariates. Our results suggest that liver function, followed by kidney function and insulin resistance show the strongest associations with the plasma metabolite profile. The association of specific phenotypes with several components may suggest multiple independent metabolic mechanisms, which is further supported by the composition of the associated factors.
A Spherical Hybrid Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Enhanced Water Wave Energy Harvesting
Authors: Lee Kwangseok , Lee Jeong-won , Kim Kihwan , Yoo Donghyeon , Kim Dong Sung , Hwang Woonbong , Song Insang , Sim Jae-Yoon
Published: November 2018

Water waves are a continuously generated renewable source of energy. However, their random motion and low frequency pose significant challenges for harvesting their energy. Herein, we propose a spherical hybrid triboelectric nanogenerator (SH-TENG) that efficiently harvests the energy of low frequency, random water waves. The SH-TENG converts the kinetic energy of the water wave into solid–solid and solid–liquid triboelectric energy simultaneously using a single electrode. The electrical output of the SH-TENG for six degrees of freedom of motion in water was investigated. Further, in order to demonstrate hybrid energy harvesting from multiple energy sources using a single electrode on the SH-TENG, the charging performance of a capacitor was evaluated. The experimental results indicate that SH-TENGs have great potential for use in self-powered environmental monitoring systems that monitor factors such as water temperature, water wave height, and pollution levels in oceans.
The Effect of Sulforaphane on Glyoxalase I Expression and Activity in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells
Authors: Alfarano Michela , Pastore Donato , Fogliano Vincenzo , Schalkwijk Casper G. , Oliviero Teresa
Published: November 2018

Studies demonstrate that the potential health-beneficial effect of sulforaphane (SR), a compound formed in broccoli, is the result of a number of mechanisms including upregulation of phase two detoxification enzymes. Recent studies suggest that SR increases expression/activity of glyoxalase 1 (Glo1), an enzyme involved in the degradation of methylglyoxal, is major precursor of advanced glycation end products. Those compounds are associated with diabetes complications and other age-related diseases. In this study, the effect of SR on the expression/activity of Glo1 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from 8 healthy volunteers was investigated. PBMCs were isolated and incubated with SR (2.5 μM-concentration achievable by consuming a broccoli portion) for 24 h and 48 h. Glo1 activity/expression, reduced glutathione (GSH), and glutathione-S-transferase gene expression were measured. Glo1 activity was not affected while after 48 h a slight but significant increase of its gene expression (1.03-fold) was observed. GSTP1 expression slightly increased after 24 h incubation (1.08-fold) while the expressions of isoform GSTT2 and GSTM2 were below the limit of detection. GSH sharply decreased, suggesting the formation of GSH-SR adducts that may have an impact SR availability. Those results suggest that a regular exposure to SR by broccoli consumption or SR supplements may enhance Glo1.
TRPM8 Channels and Dry Eye
Authors: Yang Jee Myung , Wei Edward T. , Kim Seong Jin , Yoon Kyung Chul
Published: November 2018

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels transduce signals of chemical irritation and temperature change from the ocular surface to the brain. Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder wherein the eyes react to trivial stimuli with abnormal sensations, such as dryness, blurring, presence of foreign body, discomfort, irritation, and pain. There is increasing evidence of TRP channel dysfunction (i.e., TRPV1 and TRPM8) in DED pathophysiology. Here, we review some of this literature and discuss one strategy on how to manage DED using a TRPM8 agonist.
Synthesis of Phosphated K-Carrageenan and Its Application for Flame-Retardant Waterborne Epoxy
Authors: Wang Na , Teng Haiwei , Li Long , Zhang Jing , Kang Ping
Published: November 2018

In this paper, phosphated K-carrageenan (P-KC) was obtained by reacting POCl3 with the renewable source K-carrageenan (KC). P-KC and 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) were added into waterborne epoxy (EP) to improve its flame retardancy. The structure of P-KC was studied comprehensively using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), showing the successful synthesis of P-KC. The flame retardancy of the EP was evaluated by the cone calorimeter test. The results showed that different mass ratios of DOPO and P-KC affected the flame retardancy of EP. When the mass ratio of DOPO and P-KC was 2:1, total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) decreased by 48.7% and 37.4%, respectively. The microstructures of residue char were observed by FTIR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), indicating that the flame-retardant waterborne epoxy (FR-EP) system held a more cohesive and denser char structure. The char inhibited the diffusion of heat and oxygen, which played a key role in the flame retardancy.
Hybrid Materials Based on l,d-Poly(lactic acid) and Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes as Flexible Substrate for Organic Devices
Authors: Fryń Patryk , Bogdanowicz Krzysztof Artur , Górska Natalia , Rysz Jakub , Krysiak Piotr , Marzec Mateusz , Marzec Monika , Iwan Agnieszka , Januszko Adam
Published: November 2018

We report on the application of l,d-poly(lactic acid) (l,d-PLA) with dispersed Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (SWCN) as a flexible translucent electrode for organic devices. We used commercially available nanotubes in various weight ratios from 0 to 8% dispersed in chloroform polymeric solution by ultrasonication and were drop cast. The created hybrid materials were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry to determine the influence of SWCN content on the thermal behavior, while polarizing optical microscope was used to find the effect of mechanical deformations on the textures. Drop-cast films were studied by optical transmittance, conductivity, dielectric properties and by thermal imaging under applied potential. Thermal imaging provided evidence of visible voltage-activated conduction. Simple mechanical deformation such as bending with stretching at edge to ca. 90 and elongation test were performed. Moreover, interactions between l,d-poly(lactic acid) and SWCN were investigated by FT-IR and NMR spectroscopy. Finally, we can conclude that the thermographic examination of created films permits fast, simple and inexpensive localization of defects on the surface of l,d-PLA:SWCN film, together with the electrical properties of the films.
ZnO Quantum Dots Modified by pH-Activated Charge-Reversal Polymer for Tumor Targeted Drug Delivery
Authors: Wang Yifan , He Liang , Yu Bing , Chen Yang , Shen Youqing , Cong Hailin
Published: November 2018

In this paper, we reported a pH responsive nano drug delivery system (NDDS) based on ZnO quantum dots (QDs) for controlled release of drugs. Zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine methacrylate) (PCBMA) and poly(2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA) were introduced to modify ZnO QDs, which can help enhance water stability, increase blood circulation time, and promote endocytosis. After tuning of PCBMA/PDMAEMA ratios, the ZnO@P(CBMA-co-DMAEMA) nanoplatform shows a sensitive switch from strong protein adsorption resistance (with negatively charged surface) at physiological pH to strong adhesion to tumor cell membranes (with positively charged surface) at the slightly acidic extracellular pH of tumors. Anti-cancer drug, Doxorubicin (DOX), molecules were demonstrated to be successfully loaded to ZnO@P(CBMA-co-DMAEMA) with a relatively large drug loading content (24.6%). In addition, ZnO@P(CBMA-co-DMAEMA) loaded with DOX can achieve lysosomal acid degradation and release of DOX after endocytosis by tumor cells, resulting in synergistic treatment of cancer, which is attributed to a combination of the anticancer effect of Zn2+ and DOX.