bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Biaya Satuan Pelayanan Sectio Caesaria dan Upaya Efisiensinya di RSD Kol. Abundjani Bangko
Authors: Tetriadi Tetriadi Tetri , Nurwahyuni Atik
Published: September 2020

AbstrakStudi ini membahas laporan semester 1 tahun 2018 adanya selisih pendapatan pelayanan sectio caesaria BPJS dengan tarif rumah sakit sebesar Rp508.932.651. Tahun 2019 akan diberlakukan UHC (Universal Health Caverage) sedangkan BPJS kesehatan menurut Undang-undang no. 24 tahun 2011 ditunjuk pemerintah sebagai badan pengelola jaminan kesehatan. Rumah sakit perlu melakukan perhitungan biaya pelayanan menggunakan unit cost agar tigak mengalami devisit. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah terciptanya unit cost layanan kasus sectio caesaria serta efisiensinya di RSD Kol Abundjani Bangko. Metode Penelitian merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif dengan metode cros sectional menggunakan double distribution dan dilajutkan dengan perhitungan RVU, sedangkan efisiensi layanan menggunakan clinical pathway (CP) rumah sakit ditambah tool CP dari FKM-UI. Sampel penelitian adalah pasien sectio caesaria kelas 3 tanpa komplikasi, menggunakan data retrospektif tahun 2017. Hasil Penelitian diperolehnya biaya layanan section caesaria di RSD Kol. Abundjani Bangko, ruang rawat VIP Rp6.704.891, kelas I Rp6.491.721, kelas II Rp6.320.449 dan kelas III Rp6.503.920 serta inefisiensi ruang OK/OKE Rp571.754, laboratorium Rp20.105, obat Rp203.608, alkes dan BHP Rp74.084. Kesimpulan diperolehnya unit cost pelayanan sectio caesaria serta inefeisiensinya di RSD Kol. Abundjani Bangko.Abstract This study discusses the semester 1 report of 2018 with the difference in income from the caesaria section BPJS service with the hospital rate of Rp 508,932,651. In 2019 UHC (Universal Health Caverage) will be implemented while health BPJS according to Law no. 24 of 2011 was appointed by the government as the health insurance management body. Hospitals need to calculate service costs using unit costs so that they experience devisit. The purpose of this study was to create unit cost services for caesarean sectio cases and their efficiency at RSD Kol. Abundjani Bangko. The research method is a quantitative descriptive study with cross sectional method using double distribution and continued with the calculation of RVU, while service efficiency uses the clinical pathway (CP) hospital plus CP tools from FKM UI. The sample of the study was uncomplicated class 3 sectio caesaria patients, using 2017 retrospective data. The results of the study obtained the service fee for the caesaria section at RSD Kol. Abundjani Bangko, VIP care room Rp.6,704,891, class I Rp.6,491,721, class II Rp.6,320,449 and class III Rp6,503,920 and inefficiency of OK / OKE space Rp571,754, laboratory Rp20,105, medicine Rp203,608, medical equipment and BHP Rp74,084. Conclusion obtained unit cost of sectio caesaria service and its inefficiency at RSD Kol. Abundjani Bangko.
Does Social Protection Affect Infant Welfare?
Authors: Handoyo Felix Wisnu
Published: September 2020

Abstract This research aims to assess the impact of conditional cash transfer (PKH) program on infant welfare. The poor people usually treated their babies inadequately due to of lack of resources. Government intervention by social protection program is expected to contribute to increase infant welfare. Infant welfare determines their quality of future life, and to some extent will determine the quality of human resources in a country. This research uses two micro data set which are Indonesia family life survey (IFLS) 4 and 5. The method is using econometrics with difference-in-differences (DiD) model to measure impact of the CCT program. Then, this research reveals that CCT (PKH) program is significantly positive affected to infant health status by 1.02% with OLS (2.39% using odered-probit and 4.38% using ordered-logit). However, the CCT program is insignificantly affected to increase infant weight. As a result, CCT program has just contributed to increase the infant welfare by increasing health status. By the result, the program should need to be improved and extended for beneficiaries in the future. By improving and extending program, the infant welfare will increase by health status indicator By this research, we can see how the significance of the program is contributed to the quality of Indonesia’s human resources by improving infant health status.Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur dampak program keluarga harapan (CCT) terhadap kesejahteraan bayi. Masyarakat kurang mampu sering kali tidak mampu merawat bayinya dengan baik. Intervensi pemerintah melalui PKH/CCT diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kesejahteraan bayi. Kesejahteraan bayi menentukan kualitas hidupnya dimasa depan, dan akan menentukan kualitas sumber daya manusia pada suatu negara. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua periode data mikro Indonesia family life survey (IFLS) 4 dan 5. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah dengan ekonometrika menggunakan model difference-in-differences untuk mengukur dampak program PKH. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa program PKH berdampak positif terhadap status kesehatan bayi sebesar 1,02% dengan OLS (2,39% dengan ordered-probit, dan 4,38% dengan ordered-logit). Namun, program PKH tidak signifikan memengaruhi berat badan bayi. Maka, program PKH telah mampu berdampak positif melalui peningkatan status kesehatan bayi. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, keberadaan program PKH seharusnya perlu untuk ditingkatkan dan diperluas penerima manfaatnya. Melalui peningkatan dan perluasan manfaat, maka program akan secara langsung berdampak pada peningkatan status kesehatan bayi. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa kita dapat melihat bagaimana signifikasi dari program dalam berkontribusi meningkatkan kualitas sumber data manusia melalui peningkatan status kesejahteraan bayi.
Efficient sampling and noisy decisions
Authors: Heng Joseph A , Woodford Michael , Polania Rafael
Published: September 2020

Human decisions are based on finite information, which makes them inherently imprecise. But what determines the degree of such imprecision? Here, we develop an efficient coding framework for higher-level cognitive processes in which information is represented by a finite number of discrete samples. We characterize the sampling process that maximizes perceptual accuracy or fitness under the often-adopted assumption that full adaptation to an environmental distribution is possible, and show how the optimal process differs when detailed information about the current contextual distribution is costly. We tested this theory on a numerosity discrimination task, and found that humans efficiently adapt to contextual distributions, but in the way predicted by the model in which people must economize on environmental information. Thus, understanding decision behavior requires that we account for biological restrictions on information coding, challenging the often-adopted assumption of precise prior knowledge in higher-level decision systems.
Erasable labeling of neuronal activity using a reversible calcium marker
Authors: Sha Fern , Abdelfattah Ahmed S , Patel Ronak , Schreiter Eric R
Published: September 2020

Understanding how the brain encodes and processes information requires the recording of neural activity that underlies different behaviors. Recent efforts in fluorescent protein engineering have succeeded in developing powerful tools for visualizing neural activity, in general by coupling neural activity to different properties of a fluorescent protein scaffold. Here, we take advantage of a previously unexploited class of reversibly switchable fluorescent proteins to engineer a new type of calcium sensor. We introduce rsCaMPARI, a genetically encoded calcium marker engineered from a reversibly switchable fluorescent protein that enables spatiotemporally precise marking, erasing, and remarking of active neuron populations under brief, user-defined time windows of light exposure. rsCaMPARI photoswitching kinetics are modulated by calcium concentration when illuminating with blue light, and the fluorescence can be reset with violet light. We demonstrate the utility of rsCaMPARI for marking and remarking active neuron populations in freely swimming zebrafish.
SWELL1 regulates skeletal muscle cell size, intracellular signaling, adiposity and glucose metabolism
Authors: Kumar Ashutosh , Xie Litao , Ta Chau My , Hinton Antentor O , Gunasekar Susheel K , Minerath Rachel A , Shen Karen , Maurer Joshua M , Grueter Chad E , Abel E Dale , Meyer Gretchen , Sah Rajan
Published: September 2020

Maintenance of skeletal muscle is beneficial in obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Mechanical stimulation can regulate skeletal muscle differentiation, growth and metabolism; however, the molecular mechanosensor remains unknown. Here, we show that SWELL1 (Lrrc8a) functionally encodes a swell-activated anion channel that regulates PI3K-AKT, ERK1/2, mTOR signaling, muscle differentiation, myoblast fusion, cellular oxygen consumption, and glycolysis in skeletal muscle cells. LRRC8A over-expression inLrrc8aKO myotubes boosts PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling to supra-normal levels and fully rescues myotube formation. Skeletal muscle-targetedLrrc8aKO mice have smaller myofibers, generate less force ex vivo, and exhibit reduced exercise endurance, associated with increased adiposity under basal conditions, and glucose intolerance and insulin resistance when raised on a high-fat diet, compared to wild-type (WT) mice. These results reveal that the LRRC8 complex regulates insulin-PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling in skeletal muscle to influence skeletal muscle differentiation in vitro and skeletal myofiber size, muscle function, adiposity and systemic metabolism in vivo.
Transport of DNA within cohesin involves clamping on top of engaged heads by Scc2 and entrapment within the ring by Scc3
Authors: Collier James E , Lee Byung-Gil , Roig Maurici Brunet , Yatskevich Stanislav , Petela Naomi J , Metson Jean , Voulgaris Menelaos , Gonzalez Llamazares Andres , Löwe Jan , Nasmyth Kim A
Published: September 2020

In addition to extruding DNA loops, cohesin entraps within its SMC-kleisin ring (S-K) individual DNAs during G1 and sister DNAs during S-phase. All three activities require related hook-shaped proteins called Scc2 and Scc3. Using thiol-specific crosslinking we provide rigorous proof of entrapment activity in vitro. Scc2 alone promotes entrapment of DNAs in the E-S and E-K compartments, between ATP-bound engaged heads and the SMC hinge and associated kleisin, respectively. This does not require ATP hydrolysis nor is it accompanied by entrapment within S-K rings, which is a slower process requiring Scc3. Cryo-EM reveals that DNAs transported into E-S/E-K compartments are ‘clamped’ in a sub-compartment created by Scc2’s association with engaged heads whose coiled coils are folded around their elbow. We suggest that clamping may be a recurrent feature of cohesin complexes active in loop extrusion and that this conformation precedes the S-K entrapment required for sister chromatid cohesion.
Global landscape of phenazine biosynthesis and biodegradation reveals species-specific colonization patterns in agricultural soils and crop microbiomes
Authors: Dar Daniel , Thomashow Linda S , Weller David M , Newman Dianne K
Published: September 2020

Phenazines are natural bacterial antibiotics that can protect crops from disease. However, for most crops it is unknown which producers and specific phenazines are ecologically relevant, and whether phenazine biodegradation can counter their effects. To better understand their ecology, we developed and environmentally-validated a quantitative metagenomic approach to mine for phenazine biosynthesis and biodegradation genes, applying it to >800 soil and plant-associated shotgun-metagenomes. We discover novel producer-crop associations and demonstrate that phenazine biosynthesis is prevalent across habitats and preferentially enriched in rhizospheres, whereas biodegrading bacteria are rare. We validate an association between maize and Dyella japonica, a putative producer abundant in crop microbiomes. D. japonica upregulates phenazine biosynthesis during phosphate limitation and robustly colonizes maize seedling roots. This work provides a global picture of phenazines in natural environments and highlights plant-microbe associations of agricultural potential. Our metagenomic approach may be extended to other metabolites and functional traits in diverse ecosystems.
Obesity and diabetes as comorbidities for COVID-19: Underlying mechanisms and the role of viral–bacterial interactions
Authors: Kruglikov Ilja L , Shah Manasi , Scherer Philipp E
Published: September 2020

Obesity and diabetes are established comorbidities for COVID-19. Adipose tissue demonstrates high expression of ACE2 which SARS- CoV-2 exploits to enter host cells. This makes adipose tissue a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2 viruses and thus increases the integral viral load. Acute viral infection results in ACE2 downregulation. This relative deficiency can lead to disturbances in other systems controlled by ACE2, including the renin-angiotensin system. This will be further increased in the case of pre-conditions with already compromised functioning of these systems, such as in patients with obesity and diabetes. Here, we propose that interactions of virally-induced ACE2 deficiency with obesity and/or diabetes leads to a synergistic further impairment of endothelial and gut barrier function. The appearance of bacteria and/or their products in the lungs of obese and diabetic patients promotes interactions between viral and bacterial pathogens, resulting in a more severe lung injury in COVID-19.
A prognostic long non-coding RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA network in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Zhang Chengyao , Cao Wei , Wang Jiawu , Liu Jiannan , Liu Jialiang , Wu Hao , Li Siyi , Zhang Chenping
Published: September 2020

Background

This study aimed to develop multi-RNA-based models using a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory network to provide survival risk prediction in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).

Methods

All long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA (miRNA), and mRNA expression data and clinicopathological features related to HNSCC were derived from The Cancer Genome Atlas. Differentially expressed RNAs were calculated using R. Prognostic factors were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis. Functional analysis was performed using GO, KEGG pathways, and PPI network. Based on the results, we derived a risk signature and compared high- and low-risk subgroups using LASSO regression analysis. Survival analysis and the relationship between risk signature and clinicopathological features were performed using log-rank tests and Cox regression analysis. A ceRNA regulatory network was constructed, and prognostic lncRNAs and miRNA expression levels were validated in vitro and in vivo.

Results

A list of 207 lncRNAs, 18 miRNAs and 362 mRNAs related to overall survival was established. Five lncRNAs (HOTTIP, LINC00460, RMST, SFTA1P, and TM4SF19-AS1), one miRNA (hsa-miR-206), and one mRNA (STC2) were used to construct the ceRNA network. Three prognostic models contained 13 lncRNAs, eight miRNAs, and 17 mRNAs, which correlated with the patient status, disease-free survival (DFS), stage, grade, T stage, N stage, TP53 mutation status, angiolymphatic invasion, HPV status, and extracapsular spread. KEGG pathway analysis revealed significant enrichment of “Transcriptional misregulation in cancer” and “Neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction.” In addition, HOTTIP, LINC00460, miR-206 and STC2 were validated in GTEx data, GEO microarrays and six HNSCC cell lines.

Conclusions

Our findings clarify the interaction of ceRNA regulatory networks and crucial clinicopathological features. These results show that prognostic biomarkers can be identified by constructing multi-RNA-based prognostic models, which can be used for survival risk prediction in patients with HNSCC.
Changes in muscle activity during the flexion and extension phases of arm cycling as an effect of power output are muscle-specific
Authors: Chaytor Carla P. , Forman Davis , Byrne Jeannette , Loucks-Atkinson Angela , Power Kevin E.
Published: September 2020

Arm cycling is commonly used in rehabilitation settings for individuals with motor impairments in an attempt to facilitate neural plasticity, potentially leading to enhanced motor function in the affected limb(s). Studies examining the neural control of arm cycling, however, typically cycle using a set cadence and power output. Given the importance of motor output intensity, typically represented by the amplitude of electromyographic (EMG) activity, on neural excitability, surprisingly little is known about how arm muscle activity is modulated using relative workloads. Thus, the objective of this study was to characterize arm muscle activity during arm cycling at different relative workloads. Participants (n = 11) first completed a 10-second maximal arm ergometry sprint to determine peak power output (PPO) followed by 11 randomized trials of 20-second arm cycling bouts ranging from 5–50% of PPO (5% increments) and a standard 25 W workload. All submaximal trials were completed at 60 rpm. Integrated EMG amplitude (iEMG) was assessed from the biceps brachii, brachioradialis, triceps brachii, flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi radialis and anterior deltoid of the dominant arm. Arm cycling was separated into two phases, flexion and extension, relative to the elbow joint for all comparisons. As expected, iEMG amplitude increased during both phases of cycling for all muscles examined. With the exception of the triceps brachii and extensor carpi radialis, iEMG amplitudes differed between the flexion and extension phases. Finally, there was a linear relationship between iEMG amplitude and the %PPO for all muscles during both elbow flexion and extension.
Ground beetles (Coleoptera; Carabidae) as an indicator of ongoing changes in forest habitats due to increased water retention
Authors: Ludwiczak Emilia , Nietupski Mariusz , Kosewska Agnieszka
Published: September 2020

This study, concerning the epigeic fauna of carabid beetles (Coleoptera; Carabidae), was conducted in the north-east of Poland, in an area which is part of the Dąbrówka Forest Subdistrict and has been included in the “Small water retention program for the Province of Warmia and Mazury in 2006–2015”. The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of the water retention implemented within the framework of the above program on assemblages of ground beetles. These insects are highly sensitive to any anthropogenically induced transformations. This analysis was based on the interactions among the analyzed insects caused by changes occurring in their habitat. During the 3-year study, 5,807 specimens representing 84 species were captured. The water storage had a significant influence on the structure of the Carabidae assemblages. Before the earthworks were constructed for the project, the beetle assemblages had comprised a large group of xerophilous species, whereas after the small retention reservoirs had been created, an increase in the contribution of hygrophilous species was noticed. The results indicate that the retention works cause alterations in the water and environmental conditions of the habitats, and thereby effect changes in the composition of Carabidae assemblages. Moreover, modification in water relations within a habitat causes long-term changes in the structural and functional diversity of the beetles.
Evaluation of Nutrient Supply, Kinetics, and Prediction of Iron (Fe) Uptake in Iron-deficient Soil using a Mechanistic Model
Authors: Gobinath R. , Patel K. P. , Ramani K. V. , Rajkishore . , Manasa V.
Published: September 2020

A pot culture experiment in the factorial completely randomized design (FRCD) was formulated with the three levels of iron (Fe) @ 0, 20 and 40 mg kg-1 in the iron-deficient Typic Ustochrept sandy loam soil at Anand Agricultural University, Gujarat, India to evaluate and predict the iron uptake, nutrient efficiency and its depletion of in the rhizosphere of efficient and in-efficient chick pea cultivars using mechanistic model NST 3.0. The current investigation was carried out with the four chickpea cultivars namely, Fe-efficient (GG-1 and GAG-735) and Fe-inefficient (ICCC-4 and GJG-305). Plant observations were recorded during three different growth stages viz., 20 DAG, 40 DAG and maturity, respectively. The shoot weight and shoot length of Fe-inefficient varieties (ICCC-4 and GJG-305) well responded to the application of Fe as compared to Fe-efficient varieties (GG-1 and GAG-735) with 20 mg Fe Kg-1 application through FeSO4. Lower dose of 20 mg Fe kg-1 was found equally effective in increasing root length and root radius. Root radius (ro) and initial soil solution concentration of Fe (CLi) were found most sensitive parameters influencing Fe uptake, which was followed by maximum net influx (Imax). In no Fe treatment, increasing r0, CLi by a factor of 2.0 times individually caused increase in Fe uptake by 1.60, 1.45 times, 1.36, 1.53 times, 1.16, 1.15 times and 1.05, 1.25 times, respectively in GG-1, GAG-735, ICCC-4 and GJG-305 varieties of chickpea. While, increasing Imax and Km separately by a factor of 2.0 Fe uptake altered in proportions by 1.03, 0.57 times, 0.93, 0.57 times, 0.73, 0.54 times and 0.69 and 0.48 times, respectively in GG-1, GAG-735, ICCC-4 and GJG-305 varieties of chickpea. The ICCC-4 instead of GG-1 and GAG-735 could be rational choice to grow on Fe deficient soil to get with dense Fe content. On the other hand, Fe-Inefficient varieties had 2 times of higher mean Fe-influx at 40 mg Fe kg-1 application than Fe-Efficient varieties.
Ethno Botanical Survey, Anti-leukemia and Anticlastogenic Potential of Medicinal Plants used for Treatment of Leukemia in Oyo State Nigeria
Authors: Adetutu Adewale, , Owoade Olusoji Abiodun, , Alabi Olanike , Abubakar Fatima Aluko , Oyekunle Olubunmi Simeon
Published: September 2020

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Leukemia, a cancer of the blood and bone marrow is responsible for about 222.000 deaths annually. The side effects of chemotherapy in leukemia treatment have necessitated the search for natural products especially medicinal plants as alternative therapy.

Aim: This study surveyed common plants used for treating leukemia in Oyo state, Nigeria and assessed the anti-leukemic and anti-clastogenic activities of fractions of Nymphaea lotus.

Methods: Semi-structured questionnaire (1000) was used to collect the ethnobotanical data among the traditional healers. Leukemia was induced in albino mice with 400 mg/kg body weight of benzene intraperitoneally. Aqueous extracts (120mg/kg/bw), fractions and 5-florouracil (25mg) was administered to mice of different groups. The anti-leukemic, anti-clastogenic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective activities and hematological parameters were determined. N. lotus was subjected to gas-chromatography mass spectroscopy analysis.

Results: The ethnobotanical survey recorded 89 plant species with their local names and parts used in the traditional therapeutic preparations. Seven plants (Pistiastratiotes (2.5%), Nymphaea lotus (1.4%), Piper guineense (1.7%), Securinega virosa (2.5%), Calotropis procera (3.4%), Morinda lucida (2.5%) and Xylopia aethiopica (4.5%) with the highest frequency of citation were selected for anti-leukemic and anti-clastogenic screening. The aqueous extract of N. lotus and M. lucida displayed anti-leukemic potential. M. lucida and X. aethiopica improved the hematological parameters. Ethyl acetate fraction of N. lotus significantly (p<0.05) reduced the number of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte in the bone marrow and showed anti-leukemic activity. Fractions of N. lotus restored the hematological parameters and exhibited significant (p<0.05) antioxidant activity. Histological observation revealed improvement in the liver general cyto-architecture of mice treated with ethyl acetate and butanol fractions of N. lotus. Some known compounds were identified in ethyl acetate fraction of N. lotus.

Conclusion: Most of the species tested had some anti-leukemic effect in mice, which to some extent supports their traditional inclusion in herbal preparations for treatment of leukemia. The study also identified potential anti-leukemic compounds in N. lotus extract. The study also identified potential anti-leukemic compounds in N. lotus extract.
A 3D Microfabricated Scaffold System for Unidirectional Cell Migration
Authors: Sunami Hiroshi , Shimizu Yusuke , Denda Junko , Yokota Ikuko , Kishimoto Hidehiro , Igarashi Yasuyuki
Published: September 2020

The present study demonstrates unidirectional cell migration using a novel 3D microfabricated scaffold, as revealed by the uneven sorting of cells into an area of 1 mm × 1 mm. To induce unidirectional cell migration, it is important to determine the optimal arrangement of 3D edges, and thus, the anisotropic periodic structures of micropatterns are adjusted appropriately. The cells put forth protrusions directionally along the sharp edges of these micropatterns, and migrated in the protruding direction. There are three advantages to this novel system. First, the range of applications is wide, because this system effectively induces unidirectional migration as long as 3D shapes of the scaffolds are maintained. Second, this system can contribute to the field of cell biology as a novel taxis assay. Third, this system is highly applicable to the development of medical devices. In the present report, unique 3D microfabricated scaffolds that provoked unidirectional migration of NIH3T3 cells are described. The 3D scaffolds could provoke cells to accumulate in a single target location, or could provoke a dissipated cell distribution. Because the shapes are very simple, they could be applied to the surfaces of various medical devices. Their utilization as a cell separation technology is also anticipated.
Oxygen Vacancy Engineering for Highly Tunable Ferromagnetic Properties: A Case of SrRuO3 Ultrathin Film with a SrTiO3 Capping Layer
Authors: Ko Eun Kyo , Mun Junsik , Lee Han Gyeol , Kim Jinkwon , Song Jeongkeun , Chang Seo Hyoung , Kim Tae Heon , Chung Suk Bum , Kim Miyoung , Wang Lingfei , Noh Tae Won
Published: September 2020

Oxide heterostructures have great potential for spintronics applications due to their well‐defined heterointerfaces and vast functionalities. To integrate such compelling features into practical spintronics devices, effective control of the magnetic switching behavior is key. Here, continuous control of the magnetic coercive field in SrTiO3/SrRuO3 ultrathin heterostructures is achieved by oxygen vacancy (VO) engineering. Pulsed laser deposition of an oxygen‐deficient SrTiO3 capping layer can trigger VO migration into the SrRuO3 layer while avoiding the formation of Ru vacancies. Moreover, by varying the thickness and growth conditions of the SrTiO3 capping layer, the value of the coercive field (HC) in the ferromagnetic SrRuO3 layer can be continuously tuned. The maximum enhancement of HC at 5 K is 3.2 T. Such a wide‐range tunability of HC may originate from a VO‐induced enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and domain wall pinning. This study offers effective approaches for controlling physical properties of oxide heterostructures via VO engineering, which may facilitate the development of oxide‐based functional devices.
Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution under Ambient Conditions on Polymeric Carbon Nitride/Donor‐π‐Acceptor Organic Molecule Heterostructures
Authors: Li Kui , Wang Lei , Chen Zhongxin , Yang Xianfeng , Yu Yu‐Xiang , Zhang Wei‐De , Wang Ye , Shi Yumeng , Loh Kian Ping , Xu Qing‐Hua
Published: September 2020

Efficient solar‐to‐hydrogen (STH) energy conversion under ambient conditions (room temperature and atmospheric pressure) is important for pursuing scalable solar hydrogen generation. Modification of polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) by conjugated polymers has attracted great attention for improving photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) performance. However, the limited interfacial junction between PCN and conjugated polymers leads to a low density of free charges, resulting in unsatisfactory PHE activity. Herein, three donor‐π‐acceptor‐structured organic molecules (OMs) with different electron‐donating units (amino,N,N‐diethyl and triphenylamine) and same electron‐accepting unit (benzothiadiazole) are designed to modify PCN to enlarge the interfacial junction. The optimized PHE performance under AM 1.5G simulated sunlight and ambient conditions can maintain as high as 4.63 mmol h−1g−1(the highest record among all the reported PCN‐based photocatalysts to the best of the authors knowledge). The improved performance can be partially attributed to the strong visible light harvesting capability of OMs. Specifically, the triphenylamine unit in the formed type II molecule heterojunctions (MHJ) enables efficient charge separation at the interfacial junction, which prolongs the photogenerated electron lifetime for PHE. The designed MHJ photocatalysts show outstanding PHE performance under ambient conditions, which is highly promising for scalable STH conversion.
Combined Effect of Temperature Induced Strain and Oxygen Vacancy on Metal‐Insulator Transition of VO2 Colloidal Particles
Authors: Gurunatha Kargal L , Sathasivam Sanjayan , Li Jianwei , Portnoi Mark , Parkin Ivan P. , Papakonstantinou Ioannis
Published: September 2020

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) is a promising material in the development of thermal and electrically sensitive devices due to its first order reversible metal‐insulator transition (MIT) at 68 °C. Such high MIT temperature (TC) largely restricts its widespread application which could be enabled if a straightforward tuning mechanism were present. Here this need is addressed through a facile approach that uses the combined effects of temperature induced strain and oxygen vacancies in bulk VO2 colloidal particles. A simple thermal annealing process under varying vacuum is used to achieve phase transformation of metastable VO2(A) into VO2(M2), (M2+M3), (M1) and higher valence V6O13 phases. During this process, distinct multiple phase transitions including increased as well as suppressed TC are observed with respect to the annealing temperature and varied amount of oxygen vacancies respectively. The latent heat of phase transition is also significantly improved upon thermal annealing by increasing the crystallinity of the samples. This work not only offers a facile route for selective phase transformation of VO2 as well as to manipulate the phase transition temperature, but also contributes significantly to the understanding of the role played by oxygen vacancies and temperature induced stress on MIT which is essential for VO2 based applications.
From Dislocation to Nano‐Precipitation: Evolution to Low Thermal Conductivity and High Thermoelectric Performance in n‐Type PbTe
Authors: Deng Ping‐Yuan , Wang Kuang‐Kuo , Du Jia‐Yu , Wu Hsin‐Jay
Published: September 2020

PbTe‐based alloys have been widely used as mid‐temperature thermoelectric (TE) materials since the 1960s. Years of endeavor spurred the tremendous advances in their TE performance. The breakthroughs for n‐type PbTe have been somewhat less impressive, which limits the overall conversion efficiency of a PbTe‐based TE device. In light of this obstacle, an n‐type Ga‐doped PbTe via an alternative thermodynamic route that relies on the equilibrium phase diagram and microstructural evolution is revisited. Herein, a plateau of zT = 1.2 is achieved in the best‐performing Ga0.02Pb0.98Te in the temperature range of 550–673 K. Notably, an extremely high average zTave = 1.01 is obtained within 300 − 673 K. The addition of gallium optimizes the carrier concentration and boosts the power factor PF  =  S2ρ−1. Meanwhile, the κL of Ga‐PbTe reveals a significantly decreasing tendency owing to the defect evolution that changes from dislocation loop to nano‐precipitation with increasing Ga content. The pathway for both the κL reduction and defect evolution can be probed by an equilibrium phase diagram, which opens up a new avenue for locating high zT TE materials.
One‐Step Generation of Core–Gap–Shell Microcapsules for Stimuli‐Responsive Biomolecular Sensing
Authors: Kim Hyejeong , Jo Seong‐Min , Meng Fanlong , Guo Yinzhou , Thérien‐Aubin Héloïse , Golestanian Ramin , Landfester Katharina , Bodenschatz Eberhard
Published: September 2020

The versatile design of stimuli‐responsive microparticles embedding valuable biomolecules has great potential in a variety of engineering fields, such as sensors, actuators, drug delivery, and catalysis. Here, results are reported on thermoresponsive core–gap–shell (TCGS) microcapsules made of poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAm), which encapsulate hydrophilic payloads in a simple and stable manner. These are realized by a one‐step microfluidic approach using the phase separation of a supersaturated aqueous solution of NIPAm. Various designs of the microcapsules are achieved by individual control of the swelling or by incorporating pH‐responsive comonomers of the inner core and outer shell. The gap, i.e., the space between the inner core and outer shell, can be loaded with cargo‐like nanoparticles. The outer shell can serve as a stimuli‐responsive gateway for the transport of smaller molecules from the external solution. It is shown that the TCGS microcapsules are suitable as temperature controllable glucose sensors and hold promise in the design of controllable enzymatic reactions. The proposed platform provides an avenue for developing a new‐generation of microparticles for diverse and efficient engineering applications.
Aqueous Zinc–Tellurium Batteries with Ultraflat Discharge Plateau and High Volumetric Capacity
Authors: Chen Ze , Yang Qi , Mo Funian , Li Na , Liang Guojing , Li Xinliang , Huang Zhaodong , Wang Donghong , Huang Weichun , Fan Jun , Zhi Chunyi
Published: September 2020

Traditional aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) based on ion‐intercalation or surface redox behaviors at the cathode side suffer severely from an unsatisfactory specific capacity and unstable output potential. Herein, these issues are applied to a conversion‐type zinc–tellurium (Zn–Te) battery. Typically, this battery works based on a two‐step solid‐to‐solid conversion with the successive formation of zinc ditelluride (ZnTe2) and zinc telluride (ZnTe). It delivers an ultrahigh volumetric capacity of 2619 mAh cm−3 (419 mAh g−1), 74.1% of which is from the first conversion (Te to ZnTe2) with an ultraflat discharge plateau. Though reported first in a challenging aqueous environment, this Zn–Te battery demonstrates an excellent capacity retention of >82.8% after 500 cycles, which results from the elimination of the notorious “shuttle effect” due to the solid‐to‐solid conversion behaviors. In addition, a quasi‐solid‐state Zn–Te battery is also fabricated, exhibiting superior flexibility, robustness, and good electrochemical performance. This work develops a novel cathode material based on conversion‐type ion‐storage mechanism. The system is attractive due to its ultrastable energy output, which is rarely reported for ZIBs.
Elasticity‐Driven Membrane Budding through Cholesterol Concentration on Supported Lipid Monolayer–Bilayer Junction
Authors: Lee Yeon Kyung , Yu Eui‐Sang , Ahn Dong June , Ryu Yong‐Sang
Published: September 2020

Membrane budding is an essential process during various biological activities, such as intercellular communication and transportation of life‐sustaining molecules and signals, which primarily occur with the aid of particular proteins. During such processes, the presence of cholesterol and its assembly into particular domains within the membranes have attracted considerable attention due to their unique characteristics in terms of the regulation of signal activities, membrane fluidity, and hormone production during metabolic pathways. However, despite these crucial roles, the precise mechanisms of their spatiotemporal localization toward specific areas and their physiological roles in membrane budding without the assistance of particular proteins remain unclear. Herein, a model membrane platform is reconstituted with lipid monolayer–bilayer junctions, which facilitate the selective concentration of cholesterol on the lipid monolayer regions. In vitro membrane budding is demonstrated by the remaining vesicles where the lipid monolayer membrane is ruptured. The physicochemical approach to the selective concentration of cholesterol and its consequent membrane vesiculation offer important clues to help understand the underlying mechanisms of cholesterol in the lipid‐driven membrane‐budding process.
Incidence and predictors of delirium on the intensive care unit after acute myocardial infarction, insight from a retrospective registry
Authors: Jäckel Markus , Zotzmann Viviane , Wengenmayer Tobias , Duerschmied Daniel , Biever Paul M. , Spieler Derek , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Stachon Peter , Bode Christoph , Staudacher Dawid L.
Published: September 2020

Objectives

This study aimed to identify the incidence and potential risk factors for delirium after myocardial infarction (MI).

Background

Delirium is a common complication on intensive care units. Data on incidence and especially on predictors of delirium in patients after acute MI are rare.

Methods

In this retrospective study, all patients hospitalized for MI treated with coronary angiography in an university hospital in 2018 were included and analyzed. Onset of delirium within the first 5 days after MI was attributed to the MI and was defined by a Nursing Delirium screening scale (NuDesc) ≥2. This score is taken as part of daily care in every patient on intensive care unit three times a day by especially trained nurses.

Results

A total of 624 patients with MI (age 68.5 ± 13.2 years, ST‐elevation MI 41.6%, hospital mortality 3.2%) were included in the study. Delirium was detected in 10.9% of all patients. In the subgroup of patients with a stay on the intensive care unit (ICU) for more than 24 hr (n = 229), delirium was detected in 29.7%. Hospital and ICU stay were significantly longer in patients with delirium (p < .001). Delirium was an independent predictor of prolonged ICU‐stay. Independent predictors of delirium were age, dementia, alcohol abuse, cardiac arrest, hypotension, and leucocytosis. Infarct size or presentation with ST‐elevation were not associated with incidence of delirium.

Conclusion

Development of delirium is frequent after acute MI and prolongs hospitalization. Incidence of delirium is associated with clinical instability, preexisting comorbidity, and age rather than MI type or size.
The prediction of water level based on support vector machine under construction condition of steel sheet pile cofferdam
Authors: Wang Jianjun , Jiang Zijie , Li Fan , Chen Weiming
Published: September 2020

Although the construction of steel sheet pile cofferdam has good practicability in the process of water conservancy project construction, the construction period of the water project is long due to the large amount of work, and the cofferdam itself is greatly affected by the water level, topography, geological period, and other factors. With the continuation of time and the change of complex hydrogeological environment, it is easy to cause the accumulation of hidden safety hazards in the construction of the project during the construction period, and the unreasonable and untimely risk warning and control have led to some major construction accidents. In this paper, the SVM (Support Vector Machine) medium‐ and short‐term water level prediction model is established. The SVM tool is used to establish a prediction model that takes complex hydrological scenes and weather changes into account comprehensively, so that the medium‐ and short‐term water level can be predicted more accurately, thus achieving dynamic adjustment and better adapting to the actual requirements of steel sheet pile cofferdam construction. The results show that there is a good co‐integration relationship between the prediction factors selected by the medium‐ and short‐term water level prediction model, which proves the rationality of the multivariable predictions selected in this paper. At the same time, in the precipitation concentration period, the relative error of the SVM prediction model is relatively small, and it can achieve dynamic water level prediction with the update of the medium‐ and short‐term weather forecast, which can meet the requirements of engineering construction and accuracy.
Axon growth and synaptic function: A balancing act for axonal regeneration and neuronal circuit formation in CNS trauma and disease
Authors: Kiyoshi Conrad , Tedeschi Andrea
Published: September 2020

Axons in the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) fail to regenerate inside out due to intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal determinants. During CNS development, axon growth, synapse formation, and function are tightly regulated processes allowing immature neurons to effectively grow an axon, navigate toward target areas, form synaptic contacts and become part of information processing networks that control behavior in adulthood. Not only immature neurons are able to precisely control the expression of a plethora of genes necessary for axon extension and pathfinding, synapse formation and function, but also non‐neuronal cells such as astrocytes and microglia actively participate in sculpting the nervous system through refinement, consolidation, and elimination of synaptic contacts. Recent evidence indicates that a balancing act between axon regeneration and synaptic function may be crucial for rebuilding functional neuronal circuits after CNS trauma and disease in adulthood. Here, we review the role of classical and new intrinsic and extrinsic neuronal determinants in the context of CNS development, injury, and disease. Moreover, we discuss strategies targeting neuronal and non‐neuronal cell behaviors, either alone or in combination, to promote axon regeneration and neuronal circuit formation in adulthood.
Phylogeography and the population genetic structure of flowering cherry Cerasus serrulata (Rosaceae) in subtropical and temperate China
Authors: Yi Xian‐Gui , Chen Jie , Zhu Hong , Li Yong‐Fu , Li Xue‐Xia , Li Meng , Duan Yi‐Fan , Chen Lin , Wang Xian‐Rong
Published: September 2020

Cerasus serrulata (Rosaceae) is an important flowering cherry resource which is valuable for developing new cultivars of flowering cherries. It is broadly distributed and possesses abundant variations. In this study, phylogeographic analysis was conducted to reveal the evolutionary history to better understand the genetic diversity and genetic structure of C. serrulata so as to provide more accurate molecular insights into better conservation and utilization of the germplasm resources. A total of 327 individuals from 18 wild populations were collected. Three chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) fragments (matK, trnD‐E, and trnS‐G) and the nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS) were utilized. The results showed a high genetic diversity at both species level and population level of C. serrulata. High genetic differentiation and the existence of the phylogeographic structure were detected. No significant expansion events were discovered. Two geographic lineages were inferred. One was confined to the Qinling Mountains and the Taihang Mountains. The other was from the Wuling Mountains to the Jiangnan Hilly Regions and then went northeast to the coast of Asia. In addition, some taxonomic treatments of the C. serrulata complex are discussed and reconsidered. Conservation and utilization strategies of wild C. serrulata germplasm resources were recommended.
Cardiac involvement with anti‐mitochondrial antibody‐positive myositis mimicking cardiac sarcoidosis
Authors: Kadosaka Takahide , Tsujinaga Shingo , Iwano Hiroyuki , Kamiya Kiwamu , Nagai Azusa , Mizuguchi Yoshifumi , Motoi Ko , Omote Kazunori , Nagai Toshiyuki , Yabe Ichiro , Anzai Toshihisa
Published: September 2020

Anti‐mitochondrial antibody (AMA)‐positive myositis is an atypical inflammatory myopathy characterized by chronic progressive respiratory muscle weakness, muscular atrophy, and cardiac involvement. Arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, and myocarditis have been reported as cardiac manifestations. Herein, we present the first report of a patient diagnosed with having AMA‐positive myositis with cardiac involvement mimicking cardiac sarcoidosis.
Sedimentology of a distributive fluvial system: The Serra da Galga Formation, a new lithostratigraphic unit (Upper Cretaceous, Bauru Basin, Brazil)
Authors: Soares Marcus Vinícius Theodoro , Basilici Giorgio , da Silva Marinho Thiago , Martinelli Agustín Guillermo , Marconato André , Mountney Nigel Philip , Colombera Luca , Mesquita Áquila Ferreira , Vasques Julia Tucker , Junior Francisco Romero Abrantes , Ribeiro Luiz Carlos Borges
Published: September 2020

The Bauru Basin of SE Brazil is a large (ca. 370,000 km2) Upper Cretaceous intracratonic feature, important for its fossil remains and of particular value as a source of regional palaeoclimatic information. Historically, lithostratigraphic reconstructions have been performed mainly for successions of the central and southern parts of the basin, resulting in a lithostratigraphic scheme that is not applicable to the northernmost regions. In particular, the northeastern deposits of the Marília Formation (Serra da Galga and Ponte Alta members) reveal lithological, stratigraphic, and palaeontological differences from southeastern and northwestern counterparts (Echaporã Member). Nevertheless, these deposits are considered as a single lithostratigraphic formation in the literature. To address this problem, this study demonstrates how the northeastern deposits of the Marília Formation do not show affinity to the rest of the unit. A more suitable lithostratigraphic model is proposed for the northeastern succession as a distinct and independent unit. Lithofacies and palaeopedological analysis, combined with lithostratigraphic mapping of the northeastern deposits, reveal 11 distinct lithofacies and three pedotypes over an area of ~450 km2. Sedimentary facies and pedotypes were assigned to six interbedded architectural elements: (a) type 1 channel fill, (b) type 2 channel fill, (c) type 3 channel fill, (d) interchannels, (e) palaeosols, and (f) calcrete beds. The succession is interpreted as a distributive fluvial system with overall direction of flow to the NNW, and which developed under the influence of a semiarid climate regime. This contrasts with deposits of the southeastern and northwestern Marília Formation, previously suggested to be of fine‐grained aeolian affinity with interbedded poorly channelised deposits assigned to an aeolian sand sheet environment. By revising the existing lithostratigraphic scheme for the northeastern deposits, and contrasting them with laterally equivalent strata, this work demonstrates how the previously named Serra da Galga and Ponte Alta members reveal a unique set of lithological, architectural, and genetic signatures that permits to separate them from the Marília Formation. Finally, a new lithostratigraphic classification for the unit is proposed: the Serra da Galga Formation, whose deposition relates to an ancient distributive fluvial system.