bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study on investment casting of dental crowns for veterinary dentistry by using ABS patterns with and without wax coating
Authors: Pradhan Smruti Ranjan , Singh Rupinder , Banwait Sukhwant Singh , Puhal Mukesh Singh , Singh Satinder , Anand Arun
Published: October 2021

The fused deposition modelling (FDM) assisted investment casting (IC) is one of the commercially established routes for fabrication of biomedical parts requiring high precision. In past two decades number of studies has been reported on use of thermoplastic and wax based FDM patterns for IC of dental crown (DC) in human dentistry. But hitherto little has been reported on comparison of Ni-Co-Cr based DC prepared by using FDM printed virgin acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) pattern and wax coated ABS pattern for veterinary patients (VP). In this work, first molar and canine teeth in left side of lower mandible of a 3-year German Shepherd male dog has been prepared by using virgin ABS and wax coated ABS patterns followed by IC of Ni-Co-Cr alloy. The result of study suggests that wax coated ABS samples-based DC has better surface hardness, grain structure, surface roughness (Ra) and controlled surface porosity thus may be used as commercial manufacturing strategy. The results have been supported with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis.
Modelling, Analysis and Development of Progressive Die for Seat Rail
Authors: Padma Rao A. , Hadi Manzoor
Published: October 2021

Progressive dies are highly used in batch productions where product variety is low. The progressive die is also called follow on die. It performs series of basic sheet metal operations. There are two or more stations and work piece is gradually shaped to final product through passing each of these stations. The ‘progression’ (advance or pitch) is linear travel of the strip stock at each press stroke and it is equal to the infestation distance. In the present paper an attempt is made to develop a new progressive die, which used in making seat rail of an automotive four-wheeler vehicle of Toyota, to optimize the use of material. So, the cost of progressive die reduces without losing its quality. For modelling CATIA and for analysis ANSYS are used.
Frequency Analysis of Grid Connected EVS by using Artificial Neural Network (ANN)
Authors: Banda Ranjith Kumar Reddy , Davala Karunakumar , Padan Dola Gobinda , Rajagiri Anil Kumar
Published: October 2021

The vehicle-to-grid (V2G) model is able to provide the power-systems that have been built to incorporate the hybrid electric vehicle model on a wide scale with distributed reserve. The authors suggested an amended V2G control model that would concurrently manage different renewable power sources, vehicle idle time and electricity generation on a vehicle consumer day basis. In respect of the desired status of battery and the detected plug-on terminal, vehicle-to-grid power is tested. This article presents an intelligent decision- making system based on an artificial neural network (ANN) that uses data logged by the M2MAMI for the planning and management of electricity charge. The ANN has been trained with household energy usage and EV energy requires the data and convention to determine when to charge the vehicle (G2V) or to discharge it (V2G). Charge Terminology, Electric Cars, Energy storage, Neural Network. Charge Scheduling. In this paper, MATLAB/Simulink implements the proposed control block. Different virtual images evaluate the performance of the control structure, interface, communications, device efficiency and time responses.
Design of Fuzzy-PID controller using logarithmic approximations for IMC-LFC Model
Authors: Arunsai V , Srividya Devi P , Vijaya Laxmi U
Published: October 2021

This paper provides a Artificial Intelligent controller layered to analyze the power system’s logarithmic load frequency control problems. The control system ensures the preservation of steady frequency errors and of inadvertent bonding in a tolerance limit. The proposed control system was developed for a two-area hydrothermal heating system. The approach to control design is based on the two-degree internal model control (2DOF), which combines the fuzzy control technique for model order reduction to increase frequency excursions. Different techniques of the two-area reheating hydraulic energy system are integrated into the scheme and a correct combining of energy resources is seen in different operational conditions as a pragmatic solution. The IMC- FUZZY-PID architecture of the reduced order model, proposed with the original high order framework, delivers strong dynamic response and load sturdiness.
Deep Neural Network Model for Proficient Crop Yield Prediction
Authors: Pravallika K. , Karuna G. , Anuradha K. , Srilakshmi V.
Published: October 2021

Crop yield forecasting mainly focus on the domain of agriculture research which has a great impact on making decisions like import-export, pricing and distribution of respective crops. Accurate predictions with well timed forecasts is very important and is a tremendously challenging task due to numerous complex factors. Mainly crops like wheat, rice, peas, pulses, sugarcane, tea, cotton, green houses etc. can be used for crop yield prediction. Climatic changes and unpredictability influence mainly on crop production and maintenance. Forecasting crop yield well before harvest time can help farmers for selling and storage. Agriculture deals with large datasets and knowledge process. Many techniques are there to predict the crop yield. Farmers are benefited commercially by these predictions. Factors such as Geno type, Environment, Climatic conditions and Soil types used in predicting the Yield. For predicting accurately we need to know the fundamental understanding and relationship between the interactive factors and the yield to reveal the relationships between the datasets which are comprehensive and powerful algorithms. Based on the study of various survey papers it has been found that in all the crop predictions, various deep learning, machine learning and ANN algorithms implemented to predict yield forecast and the results are analyzed.
A Review on Photocatalytic Water Splitting
Authors: Qanugo Kushal , Bose Diotima , Thakur K K
Published: October 2021

Light driven water splitting associated with hydrogen production is a promising technology and an ideal pro cess in order to furnish high yield of energy via renewable and clean energy sources as well as to lessen the consequences of global warming. In this review paper, thermodynamics for selective photocatalytic generation of hydrogen is focussed on. In fact, recent progress in photocatalysts, manufacture of innovative heterojunction establishments and factors exerting a profound influence on photocatalytic activity for dynamic preparation of H2 have been thrown light upon. The strategies to ameliorate various factors regarding photocatalytic splitting of water such as Z-scheme arrangements as well as impact of operating parameters like band gap, temperature, intensity of light, morphology, pH and sacrificial reagents have been discussed. Computational studies have provided new methods of approach so as to comprehend and anticipate the density of electrons of excited states and band structure of novel synthesized substances. It has the capability to lead to a pathway for cogent outline for effective photo catalysts required for splitting of water. The upcoming scope of research and prospective benefits of this field are also considered herein.
A critique on Materials for Orthodontic Aligners through sustainable Manufacturing
Authors: Kilaru Kalpana
Published: October 2021

Materials will play an important role in any manufacturing sector. Additive manufacturing is the one of the most Emerging Manufacturing technology which is adding a sustainable dimension to Human life by using bio medical dental aligners in orthodontics. The new presentation of Sustainable manufacturing is upsetting endodontist, furthermore, it is in any event, it is applied to dental treatment of poor alignment of teeth and jaws. Exact, customized, Detachable aligners are an appropriate option in contrast to ordinary orthodontic machines, offering a more agreeable furthermore, and productive answer for patients Simultaneously, Detachable Clips are created by a thermoset’s interaction utilizing different sorts of thermoset elements. The Elastomer system modifies the Characteristics of the element, and the intra oral climate moreover changes the characteristic of an unmistakable clip, influencing execution of the element. The current audit recommends the appropriateness of Additive manufactured aligners is better than that of thermoset made aligners due to earlier expanded precision, load obstruction, and lower twisting. It is a general steadier approach to produce an aligner where sub millimetre developments can have an effect in treatment result. Direct 3D printing addresses an intricate strategy to command the density of the aligner and in this manner has superior capacity to command the power angle that are utilized to create teeth development. There is presently no other endorsed material available that can make this.
Comparative investigation of single-phase Distributed Grid-connected with and without D-STATCOM
Authors: Chenchireddy Kalagotla , Sreejyothi Khammampati R , Kumar V
Published: October 2021

Power quality becomes one of the significant contemplations in the power system. It has become significant particularly with the presentation of advanced devices. These high-level advanced devices are sensitive to the nature of the power supply. The power quality refers to the voltage, current, and frequency at the evaluated value. If any variation occurred in these quantities the standard rating is considered as the power quality problem. The power quality issues like loss of sine, voltage sag, voltage swell, short interruption, long interruption, flicker, and harmonics. To overcome these power quality issues, we like to utilize custom power devices on the distribution side. Among various custom power devices, Distribution Static Synchronous Compensator is liked to use for expanding the power quality, on account of their basic power supply at the circulation power system which can’t be interfered with development and less complexity. This paper presents the near research of single-phase with and without D-STATCOM by utilizing MATLAB Simulink programming.
Proposed mathematical model for stress- strain behaviour of geopolymer concrete
Authors: Srivathsav Bitla , Kumar N Prem , Shrihari S , Vivek Kumar C
Published: October 2021

In the present study, appropriate analytic stress-strain mathematical model is developed that can capture the real (observable) stress-strain behaviour of geo polymer concrete. The geo polymer concrete mixes have shown improved stress values for the same strain levels compared to that of controlled concrete mix in M20 grade. The analytical equations for the stress-strain response of conventional and geopolymer concrete mixes have been proposed in the form of y = Ax / (1+Bx+Cx2), both for ascending and descending portions of the curves with different set of values for constants. The proposed equations have shown good correlation with experimental values. The proposed empirical equations can be used as stress block in analyzing the flexural behavior of sections of controlled and geo polymer concrete. The stress-strain curves obtained in the experiment for M20 & G20 grades of controlled and geo polymer concrete exhibit a similar trend when compared to the empirical equations of modified Saenz model. So Saenz mathematical model is successfully evaluated and validated for geopolymer concrete.
Analysis of Hybrid Energy Storage System for Hybrid Electric, Battery Electric and Plugin Hybrid Electric Vehicles using Bidirectional DC/DC converter
Authors: Muragani Vijaya Krishna , Rajagiri Anil Kumar
Published: October 2021

This paper deals with the Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) for Battery Electric, Hybrid and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles. Its performance is compared with conventional HESS design and also only Battery design, conventional design uses a bigger dc/dc converter between Battery and Ultracapacitor to satisfy the peak power demands in the real time, In this analysis a smaller dc/dc converter is used which maintains the voltage of ultracapacitor higher than the battery voltage by working as controlled energy pump. Battery will provide power directly only when voltage of the Ultracapacitor drops below the voltage of the Battery. Therefore, a constant and smooth load profile can be created for the battery. For the proposed HESS system Simulation results are presented to verify.
Automatic Segmentation of Prostate Cancer using cascaded Fully Convolutional Network
Authors: Kora Padmavathi , Reddy Madhavi K , Avanija J , Gurram Sunitha , Meenakshi K , Swaraja K , Priyanka Y
Published: October 2021

In this paper we proposed a prostate segmentation and also tumour detection using deep neural networks. The cutting-edge deep learning techniques are useful compared to the challenges of machine learning based feature extraction techniques. Here we proposed a strategy that contains an FCN model that incorporates data from several MRI images, allowing for faster convergence and more accurate segmentation. T1 and DWI volumes may be used together to delineate the prostate boundary, according to this study. Second, we investigated whether this method might be utilized to provide voxel-level prostate tumor forecasts. The cascaded learning method and performed tests to demonstrate its effectiveness.
Mathematical Modelling and Simulation of liquid steel flow phenomena and temperature distribution in an optimized tundish design of a continuous caster
Authors: Bhardwaj Ankit
Published: October 2021

The objective of this study was to analyze the fluid flow of molten steel in a continuous casting tundish using numerical simulations for better inclusion floatation and its separation. The tundish geometry was designed using Autodesk FUSION 360 and the analysis were performed on ANSYS FLUENT. The investigations were done on steady-state as well as transient conditions. To scale back vortexing and turbulence within the tundish, turbo stoppers and flow modulators, e.g. dam and weirs were placed for an optimized and efficient flow inside the tundish and its behavior on the spacious flow structure was explored. The strategic placements of the flow modifiers produced higher turbulence in the recess region of the tundish resulting in better turbulent flow withinside the inlet region of the tundish. Thereby a more homogeneous fluid flow is formed with better conditions for particle separation. Analysing the flow behavior we have determined the inclusion floatation using particle tracking method form dense discrete phase modelling along with multiphase eulerian-lagragian model. Reduction in dead volumes was achieved in the spatial flow due to better intermixing which further reduced the metal loss and increased the yield of the tundish using the fluid flow analysis. Analyzing eddy formations in the spatial geometry of the tundish structure made it easy to evenly distributes the flow-induced shear. This determined the lesser turbulence on the free surface of the steel flow resulting in less reduction of the liquid steel surface.
Behaviour of flange joints in Steam Generator under thermal loads
Authors: Nelson N. Rino
Published: October 2021

Pressure vessels such as steam generators are subjected to high temperature, in addition to high pressure during the operating condition. Flanges and bolts are made up of different materials whose coefficient of thermal expansion varies. Usually, thermal expansion in bolts is greater than that of flanges. At elevated temperatures bolts expand more than that of flanges, resulting in decrease of compression in connected members achieved during assembly stage, which in turn decreases the contact stress in gasket. This can lead to leakage of internal fluid. The loss in gasket contact stress due to differential thermal expansion can be nullified by using sleeves of higher thermal expansion between the flange-nut and flange-bolt head interfaces. At higher temperatures sleeves expand more than bolts and flanges, pushing the flanges closer towards each other, thus decreasing gap created due to differential thermal expansion. The behaviour of gasketed blind flange joint with and without sleeves is analysed and the performances are compared under thermal loads. The non-linear behaviour of gaskets is included by specifying the loading and unloading characteristics with hysteresis.
Exploring the factors affecting purchase intention towards green packaged products of Indian consumers
Authors: Gupta Raj Karan
Published: October 2021

Today, sustainable packaging has become an important way towards achieving the sustainable development by protecting the environment. This paper is an attempt to investigate the factors which affect the intention of Indian consumers towards green packaging, a packaging which is not harmful to the environment. This study considers three factors/ variables namely environmental concern, attitude towards green packaging and willingness to pay as independent variables and purchase intention of consumers towards green packaged products as dependent variable. The data have been collected from 111 respondents and have been analysed by using SPSS software. The correlation and regression analysis were performed to reach the conclusion that which factor affects how much towards consumers’ purchase intention of green packaged products. Findings of this study demonstrated that all the three variables (environmental concern, attitude towards green packaged products and willingness to pay) have a positive effect on the dependent variable (consumers’ intention towards green packaged products).
Degradation behaviour of magnesium alloy and its composite used as a biomaterial
Authors: Jhamb Sandeep Kumar , Goyal Ashish , Pandey Anand , Marwaha Jay , Matai Jay
Published: October 2021

In the last six decades, it has been made a great advancement in the field of engineering material especially in biomaterials, including metal alloys, composites, polymers, ceramics, and metallic glasses. Different form of these biomaterial are used as a engrafts. Unlike conventional materials such as stainless steel, cobalt, or titanium-based alloy resulting in stress shielding effect, some of these materials are designed in such a way to degrade or to be resorbed inside the body rather than removing the implant after its function is served. Here, Magnesium based biomaterials are the most suitable and used as a newly developed biodegradable material. Inherent mechanical properties of magnesium like properties of elastic and modulus rigidity which are very much same as to those of human bone, make it biocompatible. There is limited use of pure Mg due to its corrosive nature, but when formed an alloy or the composite the degradation property can be improved and making them a material of choice for implantation. This paper aim is to review the degradation rate and the methods to control it. Due to high degradation rate of the Mg, as compare to other biomaterials, our final goal is to maintain the balance between the gradual loss of material and mechanical strength during degradation, by providing the strength to the newly forming bone tissue. Mg-based alloy or composite has the potential to be used as a biomaterial without the need for a second surgery, once this goal is achieved.
Cladding techniques that achieve a solid metallurgical bond with the least amount of base material dilution - An overview
Authors: Trivedi Ayush , Dwivedi Vijay Kumar , Agarwal Mayank
Published: October 2021

Metals and alloys can undergo intergranular corrosion attack, wear and ultimately can result in failure under various service conditions. To reduce this possibility of failure by different modes, metals and alloys are employed with certain surface treatment processes. Out of numerous surface treatment processes available today cladding has evolved itself as one of the noble techniques in this era to provide and act as a protective layer that enables the component or specimen to withstand and enhance the service life under extreme conditions. There is a various additive method of cladding who found to be economical and efficient over the perspective of providing a good metallurgical bond with the least possible dilution of the base material. This study tries to figure out the possibilities concerning conventional and unconventional cladding techniques based on processing techniques, metallurgical bonding, advantages associated, and limitations as attached to it.
Finite element simulation of AISI 1025 and Al6061 specimen with coated and uncoated tools on turning process using deform-3D
Authors: Rajesh K V Durga , Munaf Shaik Abdul , Prasad A V S Ram , Buddi Tanya , Mwema F M
Published: October 2021

This paper describes how to use Deform-3D software to create a turning process model that can be used to simulate the turning on AISI 1025 carbon steel and Al6061 billets in industrial and automotive applications. The Deform-3D Software is used to build a 3D Finite Element turning model. Pre-processing, Simulation, and Post-processing are all modules that can be used to simulate. Tool and workpiece information, as well as appropriate necessary parameters, were taken into account in the software’s Pre Processing module. Simulation was performed at two different rotational speeds for two different materials using with and without titanium nitride coated tungsten carbide tool. After 1000 steps of simulation, results such as damage, effective strain, effective stress, total velocity, total displacement, and Temperature are reported from the Post Processing module. From results, comparative analysis will be carried out on performance characteristics at different rotational speeds. During the turning process, to accurately predict metal removal Deform 3D software is used for finite element simulation.
A Survey on Leukemia Detection using Image Processing Techniques
Authors: Ahmed Mohammed Junaid , Nayak Padmalaya
Published: October 2021

Leukemia detection and diagnosis by inspecting the blood cell images is an intriguing and dynamic exploration region in both the Artificial Intelligence and Medical research fields. There are numerous procedures created to look at blood tests to identify leukemia illness, these strategies are the customary methods and the deep learning (DL) strategy. This survey paper presents a review on the distinctive conventional strategies and Deep Learning and Machine Learning methods towards that have been utilized in leukemia illness diagnosis dependent on platelets images and to analyze between the two methodologies in nature of appraisal, exactness, cost and speed. This article covers 11 research papers, 9 of these examinations were in customary strategies which utilized image handling and AI (ML) calculations, such as, K-closest neighbor (KNN), K-means, SVM, Naïve Bayes, and 2 investigations in cutting edge procedures which utilized Deep Learning, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) which is the most generally utilized in the field leukemia detection since it is profoundly precise, quick, and has the smallest expense. What's more, it dissects various late works that have been presented in the field including the dataset size, the pre-owned procedures, the acquired outcomes, and so forth. At last, in view of the led study, it very well may be reasoned that the proposed framework CNN was accomplishing immense triumphs in the field whether in regards to highlights extraction or classification time, precision and also a best low cost in the identification of leukemia.
Effect of sugarcane bagasse fibre on the flexural behavior of geopolymer concrete RCC beams
Authors: Chandana Srimanthula , Srinivas T. , Ramana Rao N V
Published: October 2021

CO2 is released into the atmosphere during the manufacture of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC). Fly ash, a by-product of the coal industry, is used to replace OPC in concrete. It contains a lot of silicate gel and is mixed with an alkaline solution to make good concrete. Increased fly ash fineness improves compressive strength while lowering porosity. Advances in modern bio technology is possible freedoms for monetary use of agro-mechanical deposits like sugarcane bagasse ash and fibre. The flexural behaviour of Geopolymer Concrete RCC beams with and without sugarcane bagasse fibre, i.e. GPC and GPCF of G 40 grade, equal to M40, is presented in this study. The 150*150 mm beam is cast across a 1,200 mm effective span and tested for failure under static loads. The ultimate load and load displacement responses of GPC structural elements with and without fibre are measured and compared to normal GPC and conventional concrete elements. The findings suggest that SCBF improves the flexural strength, service load, and peak load of GPC elements.
Comparative Analysis of Coil Structures and Orientations of Single Transmitter and Multi Receivers Wireless Power Transfer System
Authors: Jagadeesh CH , Babu Bobba Phaneendra
Published: October 2021

Single transmitter and multi receiver (STMR) based WPT system is used to power multiple loads at a time. It consists of some limitations like long distance power transfer, mutual inductance between receiver coils and misalignment of receiver coils. this paper is going to give a detailed information about different designs of STMR, which are going to overcome the limitations of STMR. Different designs proposed by different authors are wireless power repeater system with single coil in each repeater, wireless power repeater system with two coils in each repeater, spherical strongly coupled magnetic resonant, square shape coils, maglev train IPT system and cube shaped unidirectional flux transmitter type. The above-mentioned designs are analysed and concluded a best design from it, depending up on applications and discussed about the control systems used in STMR.
Control Techniques for the Cascaded and Cross-switched Multilevel Inverter - A Comparison
Authors: Shaik Sameera , Tummala Suresh Kumar , Rao D Srinivasa
Published: October 2021

Nowadays, the multilevel inverter has gained huge attention and has become more popularized in high voltage and high-power applications with low harmonics. As the number of output voltage increases, the harmonic content of the output voltage waveform decreases. In this paper, a comparison of cascaded H-bridge and cross-switched multilevel inverters for 7, 9, 15, 21 levels will be carried out. The different control techniques that will be used for carrying out comparisons are space vector pulse width modulation (SPVPWM), sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), and third harmonic injection pulse width modulation (THI-PWM) respectively. Here, the seven-level inverter is discussed mainly and can be extended to any number of levels.
Embedded System Based Smart Wheelchair For Physically Challenged People
Authors: Sanjana A. , Amrutha Valli K. Sree , Adarsh Ch. , Hrithik Reddy M. Sai , Usha Rani V. , Sridevi J
Published: October 2021

The degradation of mobility is an important concern that affects the independent living ability of physically Challenged people. Therefore, mobility assistive devices require improvements to uplift the living standards of the people. This paper sets out a design of a smart wheelchair using an embedded system. This paper sets out a design and development of a smart wheelchair using an embedded system. The proposed design of the wheelchair can be controlled through bluetooth which enables the user to control the wheelchair with less effort. Touch commands are deployed to the system in addition to the virtual joystick-controlling interface to enhance the interaction with the user. This aids the disabled in carrying out daily activities independently within indoor environments. Experiments are conducted to verify the functionality of the developed smart wheelchair.
Performance of elevated water tank staging with base isolation under blast loading
Authors: Balaraju Boda , Manchalwar Atulkumar
Published: October 2021

In this present study aims to evaluate the performance of base isolation device under different intensity blast induced ground excitations for an elevated water tank staging. In this study mainly focused to improve the performance of the base isolator and minimize the damage of the structure. To know the performance of base isolator two models are considered one is fixed base model and another one is supported with base isolator model for both non-linear time history analysis is carried out with the help of SAP 2000 software subjected to four different underground blast intensities. From the analysis, it is observed that by using base isolator supported model structural responsive parameters such as base shear, top storey accelerations are efficiently reduced when compared to the fixed base structure. Hence it is proved that adopting base isolation technique we considerably reduce the damage of the structure subjected to underground blast vibrations.
Analysis of Five Leg Voltage Source Inverter Fed Dual Motor Drive System
Authors: Harish S P , Sridhar S , Indela Omsekhar , Kodeeswara Kumaran G , Parthiban P.
Published: October 2021

With the advent of electric vehicle multi-machine drives are attaining overwhelming responses from the researchers and industries in recent years, as compared to their counterpart of single machine drive. In this regard, the industries are looking for multi motor control with single inverter system with precise speed control. The solution of aforesaid problem lies with multi-leg inverter fed dual induction motor drives that are capable for high power ratings and other specific applications. Any faults in the system leads to the failure of the operation of the entire drive system. Hence condition monitoring of the entire drive system becomes of paramount significance. Considering the aforementioned points, this paper focuses on the fault analysis of five leg voltage source inverter feeding dual induction motors. The drive system is simulated using MATLAB/ SIMULINK for different pulse width modulation techniques like SPWM, SVPWM and Two Arm Modulation (TAM) Techniques. The effect on fault in the inverter like opening of the switch and shorting the switch, on the performance of the induction motors are analysed. Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the stator current for different modulation techniques are compared for the analysis purpose. From the results it is observed that the THD is less for SVPWM techniques as compared with SPWM and TAM method. But independent control of both the machine cannot be attained by SPWM and SVPWM method. For independent speed control TAM method is used. So a trade-off has to be done considering the requirement and THD. It is finally concluded that independent speed control is achieved at the cost of higher THD.
Influence of Rapid Solidification and Optimized Process Parameters on the Microstructural Evolution of Additive Manufactured Titanium Alloy Grade 5 Composite
Authors: Fatoba O.S. , Akinlabi S.A. , Ikumapayi O.M. , Akinlabi E.T.
Published: October 2021

The study experimentally investigates the effects that Ytterbium Laser System process parameters, such as laser power, powder feed rate and traverse speed, has on the resultant microstructure of Ti- 6Al-4V grade 5 alloy. The deposition process was conducted employing a 3kW (CW) Ytterbium Laser System (YLS-2000-TR) machine, coaxial to the reinforcement powder. The laser scanning speed and power were varied between the intervals of 1-1.2 m/min and 900-1000 W. All other parameters kept constant where the rate of gas flow, the spot diameter, and the rate of powder flow. The microstructure was characterized by grain size and morphology by using Optical Microscopy (OM) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The microstructural and mechanical properties were ascertained and the relationships with the process parameters were achieved. As a result of rapid cooling, the morphological features of α and α’ are distinctive and appear acicular. The structures appear coarsened. The metallurgy of the samples identifies with a morphology of multi-scale; with the coarsened alpha structures being reduced, plate-like, discrete and finer. The alpha grains closer to the fusion zone grew epitaxially, and the ones above these are acicular and lamellar. The results also indicated that slow traverse speeds increase the scale of columnar grains, while other process parameters were kept constant. Columnar microstructures became prevalent due to the dynamic temperature gradients/spikes, and sustainable cooling rates, pertaining to fabricating direct laser deposited Ti-6Al-4V grade 5 alloy. It was ascertained that by increasing the traverse speeds, the cooling rates increased, which resulted in a decrease in the width of the columnar grains.
Investigation of hybridized composite pressure vessel
Authors: Irfan Sadaq S. , Khadar Vali Shaik , Imran Sharif Shaik
Published: October 2021

Burst pressure is the vital parameter to be strong-minded for their design. Burst pressure is the pressure at which vessel crack and core fluid seep outs. A design shelterbound that ought to not be surpassed. Further than this pressure possibly willescort to mechanical fall foul of and enduring loss of pressure restraint. The present work is aimed in studying the pressure vessel (PV) made with composite material. During the study the PV is fabricated by glass fiber with 90O fiber angle and performed hydrostatic test. Later the same PV is modeled in Ansys and analyzed with various fiber angles to determine the failure by considering their deformation, stress and strain of the PV using GFRP, CFRP and hybrid composites. At last the results obtained are validated.
Structural Analysis of Motorcycle Alloy Wheel
Authors: Karteek Navuri , Pothamsetty Kasi V Rao , Ravi Prakash Babu K. , Mojeshwara Rao D.
Published: October 2021

Alloy wheels in the motor cycle play major role to carry the load over the spoke wheels. The shape and orientation of the spokes are responsible for withstand the loads which are acting on the alloy wheel rim and hub bearing surface. These alloy wheel spokes are subjected to different types of loads i.e., radial loads, impact load, bending load, torsion load and maximum deflection load. So it is necessary to study the response of the wheel under these types of loads before the product going into the market. In the present article 4 models of motor cycle alloy wheel are modeled based on the dimensions in the reference article. The material chosen for the analysis of the alloy wheel is aluminum alloy which is homogenous in nature having isotropic properties. The magnitude of the five different loading conditions and boundary conditions are taken from the Automotive Industry Standards (AIS). The four models of alloy wheels are analyzed under radial, impact, bending, torsion and maximum deflection loads cases by using by using ANSYS workbench. The results show that all four models are having enough fatigue life, strength and stiffness against the different loading conditions.
Parametric optimization of hot forging process: a six sigma based approach
Authors: Satyam Kumar , Prakash Srivastava Divya , Kumar Saurabh , Ohdar Rajkumar
Published: October 2021

One of the major concerns for industries in the modern world is to focus efforts on producing high quality products with minimal costs. Various quality improvement philosophies have emerged in recent times, Six Sigma being one of the most practical and efficient techniques for quality improvement of processes. In this work, Six Sigma based DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach is used to enhance productivity and quality performance, and to make the hot forging process robust to quality variations. Finite element method has been employed for the simulation of hot forging of the connecting rod. The influence of design and process parameters is investigated for the response ‘forging die load’. Analysis of various critical parameters and the interaction among them has been carried out with the help of Taguchi’s method of experimental design. To further optimize the response and make the analysis more precise and robust, response surface methodology has been incorporated. Parameters have been optimized, leading to the accomplishment of a minimized forging die load which is verified using a confirmation experiment. Confirmatory results reveal the potential of the DMAIC approach of Six Sigma in optimizing the process parameters successfully and thereby present significant applicability in the industry.
Scientometric analysis on applications and recent research trends in electric vehicles for energy saving
Authors: Dadhwal Rakesh , Kumar Raman , Singh Chohan Jasgurpreet , Kaur Jatinder
Published: October 2021

Electric vehicles are playing a major role in reduction of the environmental depletion, greenhouse effect and in energy saving. The electric vehicles provide cleaner and quieter ambiance, reduce the operating cost and saves the energy compared to fossil fuel powered vehicles because electric vehicles consume 75% of the total energy to run the vehicle. In this work scientometric analysis of electric vehicles for energy savings presented by the authors. The scientometric analysis is used to show the recent research trends and applications of various types of electric vehicles for energy saving. The Scopus database has been utilized to extract the data on existing research information on electric vehicles for energy saving. This scientometric analysis focuses on the documents published from 2011 to 2020 only to investigate the recent trends. The analysis showed the comparison between the top countries and top source titles who have published the articles and conference papers on electric vehicles for energy saving. VOSviewer software is used to develop the keyword network and co-authorship network.
Convolutional and Spiking Neural Network Models for Crop Yield Forecasting
Authors: Karuna G. , Pravallika K. , Anuradha K. , Srilakshmi V.
Published: October 2021

Prediction of Crop yield focuses primarily on agriculture research which will have a significant effect on making decisions such as import-export, pricing and distribution of specific crops. Predicting accurately with well-timed forecasts is important, but it is a difficult task due to numerous complex factors. Mostly crops like wheat, rice, peas, pulses, sugar cane, tea, cotton, green houses, corn, and soybean can all be used to forecast crop yields. We considered corn dataset to predict the yield for 13 different states in United States. Crop development and progression are strongly affected by climatic changes and unpredictability. Predicting crop yield well before harvest time will support farmers for selling and storing their crops. Agriculture involves large datasets and knowledge processes. Factors such as Weather Components, Soil Components, Management practices, genotype and their interactions are used in predicting Corn Yield. Precise crop growth generally necessitates a complete overview of the functional correlations between yield and all these interactive variables, which necessitates the use of large datasets and complex algorithms to demonstrate. Various Machine Learning models, Deep Learning models, and Artificial Neural Network algorithms are used for predicting. Deep Neural Network Models such as Convolution Neural Networks (CNN), Spiking Neural Networks (SNN), and Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) are used to assess corn yield. Integrating CNN, RNN and SNN models outperformed than individual model performance.
Cutting Performance Analysis of Surface Textured Tools in Dry Turning: Optimisation of process parameters
Authors: Singha Roy Rima , Dash Sushmita , Mahapatra Trupti Ranjan , Mishra Debadutta , Jaypuria Sanjib
Published: October 2021

Owing to minimum quantity or no use of toxic coolants, the dry machining technique has been evidenced to be a versatile sustainable method. However, during dry machining of ductile alloys, the severe tool wear and metal adhesion on the rake face of the cutting tool has been a matter of great concern. In the present work, an attempt has been made to assess the improvement in the tribological conditions in dry cutting by providing surface texturing on the rake face of High-Speed Steel (HSS) cutting tool. Dimples were produced on the rake surface of the HSS tool using pulsed Nd: YAG Laser and dry turning of pure aluminium is performed using the textured tool based on Taguchi’s L9 orthogonal array (OA) experimental design. The dry cutting of pure aluminium was also performed using the conventional/un-textured tool and the obtained results are used for comparison purpose. Improved turning performance in terms of material removal rate and surface roughness is found from the conformation tests using optimum process parameter determined by the Taguchi analysis. The ANOVA results suggests the effectiveness of using the textured tools during dry machining is significantly affected by feed and speed.
Mechanical properties of concrete reinforced with graded pva fibers
Authors: Reddy K Tharun Kumar , Koniki Srikanth
Published: October 2021

Concrete is poor in tensile property due to its brittle nature. Improvement in the mechanical properties of concrete is carried by combining the rebars and fibers in concrete. Earlier research state that non-metallic fibres improve pre-crack performance and metallic fibers improve post crack performance. Short fibers resist the micro-cracks at an early stage and long fibers resist macro-cracks. The combination of short and long fibers makes the performance of concrete much effective. In this study, the investigation is done on non-metallic PVA fiber with the lengths of 6mm (Short fiber) and 12mm (Long fiber) by hybridization of fibers on 50MPa concrete. The investigation is done in two stages; in the first stage, the optimum dosage of fiber content and strength effectiveness of strengths is carried. Further, in the second stage the hybridization of fiber is done with the 30% SF + 70% LF, 50%SF + 50% LF, 70% SF + 30% LF for finding the optimum hybrid combination. Mechanical properties of concrete like flexural strength, split tensile strength, compressive strength is investigated. The results obtained by the hybridization of fibers are compared with the mono fiber performance and control mix. Improvement in strength parameters is observed in fiber hybridization. According to the fiber functionality, the hybrid combination of 30% SF + 70% LF showed desired results by improving the overall performance of concrete. More long fibers content improves the crack growth resistance than short fibers in concrete.
Experimental study on comparison of the plasticizer effect on PVA fiber reinforcement concrete
Authors: Hemalatha K. , Mallikarjuna Reddy V , Nikhil Guntupally
Published: October 2021

A high-strength Concrete structure is what everyone tries to achieve through the project. So many studies are being studied with various types of fibers. In this paper, I have used PVA fibers with two different types of plasticizers. The main purpose of this study is to find the amount of plasticizer to be used and which is feasible to be used for different proportions of PVA fibers. We have casted 0.125%, 0.250%, 0.375%, and 0.50% of PVA fiber in the proportion of the weight of cement. We have also studied their compressive strength and split tensile strength. By which we have decided the optimum dosage of plasticizes to be used for the different proportions of PVA fiber.
Numerical simulation of a composite shell for underwater application using CFD and FEA
Authors: Siva Pidathala , Balakrishna Murthy Vallabhaneni
Published: October 2021

In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to use fiber-reinforced composite material in place of metal for a shell used for underwater applications which is majorly subjected to hydro-static pressure. The study comprises the use of popular numerical techniques such as finite volume and finite element methods. CFD tool ‘ANSYS fluent’ which works based on finite volume method is used for the fluid flow simulation to get the forces acting on the structure. Structural analysis is performed for the imported loads from CFD result onto the structure with one-way fluid-structure coupling. FEM tool ‘ANSYS static structural which works based on finite element method is used for obtaining deformations and stresses in the shell. A sufficient number of iterations are made to get convergence of the numerical solution. Alternatives such as increasing the shell thickness and/or providing stiffeners to the shell are suggested to replace the metallic structure with FRP composites.
Investigation on alkali activated fly ash and slag concrete using neutral grade water glass as activator
Authors: Satyanarayana G.V.V. , Greeshma Kaparaboina
Published: October 2021

The utilization of cement in concrete was an ancient method as well the utilization of cementitious materials in concrete not only improves mechanical properties but also improves workability and durability etc., Today urbanization expands in many folds, so that the usage of cement became more due to this the production of cement increases. The production of cement on one hand affects the environment in form of Carbon dioxide gases on other hand depreciation of raw materials like lime stone and sand etc. Globally many construction industry and researches focussed in reduction of cement content in concrete by production of new alternatives like Geo polymer concrete etc. In this investigation Alkali-Activated Fly Ash slag concrete (AAFSC) is introduced as an alternative for ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC). Researchers developed AAFSC with NaOH and Na2SiO3 as activators. In this study AAFSC produced is with neutral grade sodium silicate solution with silica modulus 2.9 (Ms).For production of AAFSC the quantity of binder content is 500kg/m3 by varying binders proportions like Fly Ash and GGBS along with solution/binder ratios varying from 0.6 to 0.7. During this experimental investigation the workability and compressive strength of AAFSC is tested.
Review of real-time effective decision support system for water resource management
Authors: VenkatCharyulu S. , Viswanadh G.K.
Published: October 2021

The current technologies are predominantly attract the water resource management(WRM); if this water can not adequately utilizing for human activities, then several future problems are happening. Therefore super hydro controlling technology and it’s management systems are necessary. In this investigation, various water resource management methodologies, it’s merits and demerits are reviewed. The 2R-decision support system(DESS) implementation can change the conventional water management mechanisms, DESS addresses the engineering and non-engineering issues related to WRM system. The global WRM system designs and utilizations are facing many questionaries from experts. In India, there are many WRMs, but these are work for the nation, due to this limitation nations are facing many contemporary issues. Several methods have overcome these limitations but 2R-DESS answering the complete and accurate solutions to WRM. The advanced WRM system and its functionalities are verified on one example with the river basin agencies through DESS adequately. In this research work, for WRM calculating the various measures such as catchment area improvement, supply flow, upper flow, lower flow and acknowledgement of various effecting factors. The designed 2R DESS challenging the present WRM methodologies and results outperforms present technologies.