bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Lasting Significance of Etty Hillesum's Writings
Authors: Smelik Klaas A.D. , Anderson Nancy , Arriero Fernando , Baccarini Emilio , Bergen Lotte , van den Ria , Buehler Pierre , Cartner John , Cherry Stephen , Clement Marja , de Denise , Couto Patricia , Essunger Maria , Fasani Laura , Luisarife Maria , Gomel Sara , Kallemeyn Maribeth , LaLonde Marc , Lincoln Ulrich , McDonough William , Morrill Barbara , Nagel Alexandra , Gabriella Maria , Siertsema  Bettine , Wiersma Jurjen , Patrick Canon , Zanardi Lucrezia
Published: February 2020

The Lasting Significance of Etty Hillesum’s Writings contains the proceedings of the third international Etty Hillesum Conference, held in Middelburg in September 2018. It brings together the work of 33 experts from all over the world to shed new light on life, works, inspiration and vision of the Dutch Jewish writer Etty Hillesum (1914-1943), one of the victims of the Nazi regime. Hillesum’s diaries and letters illustrate her heroic struggle to come to terms with her personal life in the context of the Holocaust. This volume revives Hillesum research with a comprehensive rereading of her texts but also by introducing new sources about her life. With the current rise of interest in peace studies, Judaism, the Holocaust, inter-religious dialogue, gender studies and mysticism, this book will be invaluable to students and scholars in a range of disciplines.
Screen Genealogies
Authors: Buckley Craig , Campe Rüdiger , Casetti Francesco , Elcott Noam , Eugeni Ruggero , Furuhata Yuriko , Kreuzer Gundula , Peters John , Rogers Ariel , Somaini Antonio , Verhoeff Nanna
Published: February 2020

Against the grain of the growing literature on screens, Screen Genealogies argues that the present excess of screens cannot be understood as an expansion and multiplication of the movie screen nor of the video display. Rather, screens continually exceed the optical histories in which they are most commonly inscribed. As contemporary screens become increasingly decomposed into a distributed field of technologically interconnected surfaces and interfaces, we more readily recognize the deeper spatial and environmental interventions that have long been a property of screens. For most of its history, a screen was a filter, a divide, a shelter, or a camouflage. A genealogy stressing transformation and descent rather than origins and roots emphasizes a deeper set of intersecting and competing definitions of the screen, enabling new thinking about what the screen might yet become.
On the limit to the accuracy of regional-scale air quality models
Authors: Rao S. Trivikrama , Luo Huiying , Astitha Marina , Hogrefe Christian , Garcia Valerie , Mathur Rohit
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Regional-scale air pollution models are routinely being
used worldwide for research, forecasting air quality, and regulatory
purposes. It is well recognized that there are both reducible (systematic)
and irreducible (unsystematic) errors in the meteorology–atmospheric-chemistry modeling systems. The inherent (random) uncertainty stems from our
inability to properly characterize stochastic variations in atmospheric
dynamics and chemistry and from the incommensurability associated with
comparisons of the volume-averaged model estimates with point measurements.
Because stochastic variations are not being explicitly simulated in
the current generation of regional-scale meteorology–air quality models, one
should expect to find differences between the model estimates and
corresponding observations. This paper presents an observation-based
methodology to determine the expected errors from current-generation
regional air quality models even when the model design, physics, chemistry,
and numerical analysis, as well as its input data, were “perfect”. To this
end, the short-term synoptic-scale fluctuations embedded in the daily
maximum 8 h ozone time series are separated from the longer-term forcing
using a simple recursive moving average filter. The inherent uncertainty
attributable to the stochastic nature of the atmosphere is determined based
on 30+ years of historical ozone time series data measured at various
monitoring sites in the contiguous United States (CONUS). The results reveal that
the expected root mean square error (RMSE) at the median and 95th percentile
is about 2 and 5 ppb, respectively, even for perfect air quality
models driven with perfect input data. Quantitative estimation of the
limit to the model's accuracy will help in objectively assessing the current
state of the science in regional air pollution models, measuring progress in
their evolution, and providing meaningful and firm targets for improvements
in their accuracy relative to ambient measurements.
FLEXPART v10.1 simulation of source contributions to Arctic black carbon
Authors: Zhu Chunmao , Kanaya Yugo , Takigawa Masayuki , Ikeda Kohei , Tanimoto Hiroshi , Taketani Fumikazu , Miyakawa Takuma , Kobayashi Hideki , Pisso Ignacio
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The Arctic environment is undergoing rapid changes such as faster warming
than the global average and exceptional melting of glaciers in Greenland.
Black carbon (BC) particles, which are a short-lived climate pollutant, are
one cause of Arctic warming and glacier melting. However, the sources of BC particles are still uncertain. We simulated the potential emission
sensitivity of atmospheric BC present over the Arctic (north of
66∘ N) using the FLEXPART (FLEXible PARTicle) Lagrangian transport model (version 10.1). This version includes a new aerosol wet removal scheme, which better represents particle-scavenging processes than older versions did. Arctic BC at the surface (0–500 m) and high altitudes (4750–5250 m) is sensitive to emissions in high latitude (north of 60∘ N) and mid-latitude (30–60∘ N) regions, respectively. Geospatial sources of Arctic BC were quantified, with a focus on emissions from anthropogenic activities (including domestic biofuel burning) and open biomass burning (including agricultural burning in the open field) in 2010. We found that anthropogenic sources contributed 82 % and 83 % of annual Arctic BC at the surface and high altitudes, respectively. Arctic surface BC comes predominantly from anthropogenic emissions in Russia (56 %), with gas flaring from the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug and Komi Republic being the main source (31 % of Arctic surface BC). These results highlight the need for regulations to control BC emissions from gas flaring to mitigate the rapid changes in the Arctic environment. In summer, combined open biomass burning in Siberia,
Alaska, and Canada contributes 56 %–85 % (75 % on average) and 40 %–72 % (57 %) of Arctic BC at the surface and high altitudes, respectively. A large fraction (40 %) of BC in the Arctic at high altitudes comes from anthropogenic emissions in East Asia, which suggests that the rapidly growing economies of developing countries could have a non-negligible effect on the Arctic. To our knowledge, this is the first year-round evaluation of Arctic BC sources that has been performed using the new wet deposition scheme in FLEXPART. The study provides a scientific basis for actions to mitigate the rapidly changing Arctic environment.
Use of automatic radiosonde launchers to measure temperature and humidity profiles from the GRUAN perspective
Authors: Madonna Fabio , Kivi Rigel , Dupont Jean-Charles , Ingleby Bruce , Fujiwara Masatomo , Romanens Gonzague , Hernandez Miguel , Calbet Xavier , Rosoldi Marco , Giunta Aldo , Karppinen Tomi , Iwabuchi Masami , Hoshino Shunsuke , von Rohden Christoph , Thorne Peter  William
Published: February 2020

Abstract. In the last two decades, technological progress has not only seen improvements to the quality of atmospheric upper-air observations, but also provided the opportunity to design and implement automated systems able to replace measurement procedures typically performed manually. Radiosoundings, which remain one of the primary data sources for weather and climate applications, are still largely performed around the world manually, although increasingly fully automated upper-air observations are used, from urban areas to the remotest locations, which minimise operating costs and challenges in performing radiosounding launches. This analysis presents a first step to demonstrating the reliability of the Automatic Radiosonde Launchers (ARLs) provided by Vaisala, Meteomodem and Meisei. The metadata and datasets collected by a few existing ARLs operated by GRUAN certified or candidate sites (Sondakyla, Payerne, Trappes, Potenza) have been investigated and a comparative analysis of the technical performance (i.e. manual vs ARL) is reported. The performance of ARLs is evaluated as being similar or superior to those achieved with the traditional manual launches in terms of percentage of successful launches, balloon burst and ascent speed. For both temperature and relative humidity, the ground check comparisons showed a negative bias of a few tenths of a degree and % RH, respectively. Two datasets of parallel soundings between manual and ARL-based measurements, using identical sonde models, provided by Sodankylä and Faa’a stations showed mean differences between the ARL and manual launches smaller than ±0.2 K up to 10 hPa for the temperature profiles. For relative humidity, differences were smaller than 1 % RH for the Sodankylä dataset up to 300 hPa, while they were smaller than 0.7 % RH for Faa’a station. Finally, the O-B mean and rms statistics for German RS92 and RS41 stations which operate a mix of manual and ARL launch protocols, calculated using the ECMWF forecast model, are very similar, although RS41 shows larger rms(O-B) differences for ARL stations, in particular for temperature and wind. A discussion on the potential next steps proposed by GRUAN community and other parties is provided, with the aim to lay the basis for the elaboration of a strategy to fully demonstrate the value of ARLs and guarantee that the provided products are traceable and suitable for the creation of GRUAN data products.
Amplified warming of seasonal cold extremes relative to the mean in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics
Authors: Gross Mia H. , Donat Markus G. , Alexander Lisa V. , Sherwood Steven C.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Cold extremes are anticipated to warm at a faster rate than both hot extremes and average temperatures for much of the Northern Hemisphere.
Anomalously warm cold extremes can affect numerous sectors, including human
health, tourism and various ecosystems that are sensitive to cold temperatures. Using a selection of global climate models, this paper
explores the accelerated warming of seasonal cold extremes relative to
seasonal mean temperatures in the Northern Hemisphere extratropics. The
potential driving physical mechanisms are investigated by assessing
conditions on or prior to the day when the cold extreme occurs to understand how the different environmental fields are related. During winter, North America, Europe and much of Eurasia show amplified warming of cold extremes projected for the late 21st century, compared to the mid-20th century. This is shown to be largely driven by reductions in cold air temperature advection, suggested as a likely consequence of Arctic amplification. In spring and autumn, cold extremes are expected to warm faster than average temperatures for most of the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes to high latitudes, particularly Alaska, northern Canada and northern Eurasia. In the shoulder seasons, projected decreases in snow cover and associated reductions in surface albedo are suggested as the largest contributor affecting the accelerated rates of warming in cold extremes. The key findings of this study improve our understanding of the environmental conditions that contribute to the accelerated warming of cold extremes relative to mean temperatures.
A Field Evidence Model: How to Predict Transport in a Heterogeneous Aquifers at Low Investigation Level?
Authors: Zech Alraune , Dietrich Peter , Atttinger Sabine , Teutsch Georg
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Aquifer heterogeneity in combination with data scarcity is a major challenge for reliable solute transport prediction. Velocity fluctuations cause non-regular plume shapes with potentially long tailing and/or fast traveling mass fractions. High monitoring cost and presumably missing simple concepts have limited the incorporation of heterogeneity to many field transport models up to now. We present a hierarchical aquifer model which combines large-scale deterministic structures and simple stochastic approaches. Such a heterogeneous conductivity can easily be integrated into a numerical models. Depending on the modeling aim, the required structural complexity can be adapted. The same holds for the amount of available field data. The conductivity model is constructed step-wise following field evidence from observations; though relying on as minimal data as possible. Starting point are deterministic blocks, derived from head profiles and pumping tests. Then, sub-scale heterogeneity in form of random binary inclusions are introduced to each block. Structural parameters can be determined e.g. from flowmeter measurements. As proof of concept, we implemented a predictive transport model for the heterogeneous MADE site. The proposed hierarchical aquifer structure reproduces the plume development of the MADE-1 transport experiment without calibration. Thus, classical ADE models are able to describe highly skewed tracer plumes by incorporating deterministic contrasts and effects of connectivity in a stochastic way even without using uni-modal heterogeneity models with high variances. The reliance of the conceptual model on few observations makes it appealing for a goal-oriented site specific transport analysis of less well investigated heterogeneous sites.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CULTIVATED LAND CHANGE AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT BASED ON GIS IN HENAN PROVINCE: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY
Authors: Lu C. Y. , Zhang H. M. , Wen F.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Cultivated land resources are the basic production factors that carry human survival and economic development. Exploring the relationship between cultivated land change and economic development has become a hot issue for scholars.in this paper,The methods of regression analysis, land use elastic coefficient method, location entropy are used to empirically describe the relationship between cultivated land change and economic development.The results show: Since the 20th century, the change of cultivated land area has experienced three distinct stages of change, showing a process of recovery, decline, and steady evolution in Henan Province. The per capita cultivated land area is characterized by an upward trend, and the per capita cultivated land area is increasing year by year. In general, the intensive use of cultivated land in Henan Province is still not high, but the momentum of a sharp decline in cultivated land is basically controlled. The change of cultivated land area and economic development showed a four-time curve fitting relationship, which indicates that the path dependence of economic development on cultivated land occupation still exists, and cultivated land supports the rapid development of economy.The research results of the relationship between cultivated land change and economic development by using location entropy show that the spatial layout of the urban area is less than 0, and the regularity is not strong.The location where the location entropy is between 0–1 is mainly located in the central part of Henan Province;The cities with location entropy greater than 1 are mainly located in the eastern part of Henan.
CONSTRUCTION OF REGIONAL WEIGHTED MEAN TEMPERATURE MODEL BASED ON OPTIMIZATION BP NEURAL NETWORK
Authors: Chen Z. X. , Liu L. L. , Huang L. K. , Wan Q. T. , Mo X. Q.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The tropospheric weighted mean temperature (Tm) is one of the key characteristic parameters in the troposphere, which plays an important role in the conversion of Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD) to atmospheric Precipitable Water Vapor (PWV). The precision of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) inversion of PWV can be significantly improved with the accurate calculation of Tm. Due to the strong nonlinear mapping ability of Back Propagation (BP) neural network, the algorithm can be used to excavate the law with massive data. In term of the nonlinear and non-stationary characteristics of GNSS precipitable water vapor, in this paper, we proposes a forecast method of GNSS precipitable water vapor based on BP neural network, which can modelling the weighted mean temperature of troposphere. The traditional BP neural network has some shortcomings, such as large amount of calculation, long training time and easy to appear “over-fitting” phenomenon and so on. In order to optimize the deficiency and numerical simulation, the three characteristic values include water vapor pressure, surface pressure and surface temperature provided are selected as input parameters, named as BP_Tm. The optimal initialization parameters of the model were obtained from the 2016 radiosonde data of 89 radiosonde stations in China, and the modeling and accuracy verification were conducted with the 2017 radiosonde data，and the accuracy of the new model was compared with the common regional Tm model. The results show the BP_Tm model has good simulation accuracy, the average deviation is −0.186K, and the root mean square error is 3.144K. When simulating the weighted mean temperature of a single station, the accuracy of the four models to simulate Tm is compared and analyzed, which the BP_Tm model can obtain good accuracy and reflect better stability and reliability.
ATMOSPHERIC WEIGHTED MEAN TEMPERATURE MODEL IN GUILIN
Authors: Mo Z. X. , Huang L. K. , Peng H. , Liu L. L. , Kang C. L.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Atmospheric water vapor is an important part of the earth's atmosphere, and it has a great relationship with the formation of precipitation and climate change. In CNSS-derived precipitable water vapor (PWV), atmospheric weighted mean temperature, Tm, is the key factor in the progress of retrieving PWV. In this study, using the profiles of Guilin radiosonde station in 2017, the spatiotemporal variation characteristics and relationships between Tm and surface temperature (Ts) are analyzed in Guilin, an empirical Tm model suitable for Guilin is constructed by regression analysis. Comparing the Tm values calculated from Bevis model, Li Jianguo model and new model, it is found that the root mean square error (RMSE) of new model is 2.349 K, which are decreased by 14% and 19%, respectively. Investigating the impact of different Tm models on GNSS-PWV, the Tm-induced error from new model has a smaller impact on PWV than other two models. The results show that the new Tm model in Guilin has a relatively good performance and it can improve the reliability of the regional GNSS water vapor retrieval to some extent.
Fracture attribute scaling and connectivity in the Devonian Orcadian
Basin with implications for geologically equivalent sub-surface
fractured reservoirs
Authors: Dichiarante Anna M. , McCaffrey Ken J. W. , Holdsworth Robert E. , Bjornarå Tore I. , Dempsey Edward D.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Fracture attribute scaling and connectivity datasets from analogue systems are widely used to inform sub-surface fractured reservoir models in a range of geological settings. However, significant uncertainties are associated with the determination of reliable scaling parameters in surface exposures, particularly for fault widths and fracture aperture. This has limited our ability to upscale key parameters that control fluid-flow at reservoir to basin scales. In this study, we present nine 1D transect (scanline) fault and fracture attribute datasets from Middle Devonian sandstones in Caithness (Scotland) that are widely used as an onshore analogue for nearby sub-surface reservoirs such as the Clair Field, West of Shetland. Our multiscale analysis confirms power-law behaviours for both length over 8 orders of magnitude (10−4 to 104) and fracture aperture and fault width (including fills) over 4 orders of magnitude (10−6 to 10−2). We also present a 2D fault and fracture topology analysis which allows assessment of the heterogeneity of connectivity and self similarity. This multiscale approach provides a new basis for upscaling micro- to meso-scale fracture attributes collected in outcrop analogues for use in static and dynamic reservoir models at reservoir to basin scales.
How is public transit in the megacity peripheral relocatees’ area in China? Captive transit rider and dynamic modal accessibility gap analytics in a peripheral large-scale residential area in Shanghai, China
Authors: Guan Jinping , Zhang Kai , Zhang Shuang , Chen Yizhou
Published: February 2020

In the process of Chinese megacity suburbanization, central-city substandard housing is demolished. The government relocates residents to megacity peripheral relocatees’ areas. So far, few studies have focused on captive transit riders and analyzed the dynamic points of interest (POI) accessibility by public transit compared to the private mode in these areas. To fill this gap, this study conducts a survey in Jinhexincheng, one of these areas in Shanghai, China; analyzes captive-transit riders with multiple models; and computes the dynamic modal accessibility gap (DMAG) of public transit and private travel mode using multi-source heterogeneous data. Results show that 71.77% of transit-rider samples acknowledge they “have no other choice and have to travel by transit.” These captive transit riders are more often older, female, non-working, without a driving license, and with more complaints toward public transport. Subjective transit evaluation’s ordinal regression models show that waiting time, speed, operating hours, and number of lines/stops contribute to the low transit subjective evaluation. These things should be given a high priority in transit improvement. As for the captive transit riders, transit’s transfer and bicycle availability should be improved. Using big data analytics, a more fine-grained scale is brought in by computing a DMAG index. It shows a person mostly has a better POI accessibility by private mode for the 30-minute, real-travel-covered area for 24 hours of the average day. For the 60-minute, real-travel-covered area, public transit mostly has a better POI accessibility. This study supports transit planning and decision-making for megacity peripheral relocatees’ areas using multi-source heterogeneous data analytics.
Intellectual Capital and Corporate Performance: Evidence From Banking Industry of Bangladesh
Authors: Nabi Md Nur , Gao Qijie , Rahman Md Takibur , Britton Shaun O. , Islam Mohammad Muzahidul
Published: February 2020

Intellectual capital (IC) is about the greatest competitive weapon for an organizational development. It becomes the most significant factor in the organization’s economic life. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between intellectual capital (IC) and corporate performance of the banking industry. This study used econometric models against five years of panel data from 2012 to 2016 of commercial banks in Bangladesh. The empirical study revealed a positive and significant relationship between value added intellectual capital (VAIC) and banks’ performances. Further, only capital employed efficiency (CEE) as a component of VAIC has a significant relationship with banks’ performance. In addition, structural capital efficiency (SCE) has a very high degree of moderating power on CEE which can be transformed into corporate performance. This study enriches the existing literature of IC and corporate performance and it may be beneficial for the sustainable economic performances of banking industry of Bangladesh.
The herpetofauna of Wallops Island, Accomack County, Virginia: A case study of a vulnerable community
Authors: Delis Pablo R. , Meshaka Walter E.
Published: February 2020

abstract

Barrier islands are valuable models for evolutionary and conservation biology studies. Since 2010, we have investigated the herpetofauna of Wallops Island, Virginia, 25 years after a seminal study. We used combinations of taxon-specific field techniques to maximize accuracy. A total of four species of amphibians and seven species of reptiles were identified. The most abundant amphibian and reptile were Fowler’s toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) and the North American racer (Coluber constrictor), respectively. We report three previously undetected amphibians and the likely prior misidentification of another. We also identified a new snake species. The diamond-backed terrapin (Malaclemys terrapin) is only seasonally abundant on the island, in contrast to the year-round well-established Eastern mud turtle (Kinosternon subrubrum), while only a few juveniles of the common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) were detected. No lizards were found in the island. These limited yet interesting herpetofauna face momentous environmental challenges derived from global climate change and rising sea level.
Reaching sustainability goals through efficiency and off-grid living
Authors: Sell Michael C.
Published: February 2020

abstract

Off-grid, simple living is a foundation of the recent "Tiny House" movement. Utilizing technologies such as solar, wind, and biomass, these tiny spaces are generating their own energy to provide modern luxuries in small, simple living spaces. According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the average size of a new single-family house in 2017 was 2631 square feet. In contrast, tiny house footprints span no more than a few hundred square feet. While not everyone is rushing to downsize, tiny house living can offer lessons for more sustainable living. Trends adopted in off-grid design also mirror developments in the larger grid system, which is increasingly turning to renewable technologies, higher efficiency, and energy storage. This movement inspired the Saint Francis University Institute for Energy to construct a tiny, mobile classroom/lab to use as a demonstration of different renewable energy technologies and as an environment for teaching about such technologies.
Methodologies of Travel: William James and the Ambulatory Pragmatism of Bruno Latour
Authors: Sheehey Bonnie
Published: February 2020

This article argues for the methodological resonance shared by Bruno Latour and William James in order to understand Latour's affiliation with pragmatism. Unlike many readers of Latour, I suggest that his relation with pragmatism is primarily methodological rather than primarily ontological. To clarify this, I look to the resonances between James's methodological pragmatism and Latour's actor-network methodology. Latour's pragmatism resonates with James's as it incorporates a methodological focus on practices and objects, and as it furthers underdeveloped themes of motion in James's pragmatism. This methodological alliance, I argue, consists in a modification of the metaphoric of method from one of Cartesian construction to one of movement and travel.
Applied arguments in Spanish inchoative middle constructions
Authors: Suarez-Palma Imanol
Published: February 2020

Despite displaying identical exponents (a reflexive clitic, imperfective tenses and agreement between the verb and the preverbal definite DP theme), change-of-state predicates in generic/middle contexts (inchoative middles, henceforth), can in fact have two different underlying representations: (i) a generic inchoative and (ii) a generic se-passive, this being the only one projecting a Voice head passivized by the reflexive clitic, which denotes an implicit generic external argument. Spanish allows the insertion of an affected applicative head in inchoative configurations (Cuervo 2003), which introduces an unselected dative argument interpreted either as an unintentional causer of the event if merged above the verbalizing head, or as affectee if merged below it. Crucially, this paper shows that the generic passive configuration disallows the applicative’s unintentional causer interpretation, since the position above vP is already filled by Voice; therefore, the only available merging position for the applicative is below vP. However, the unintentional causer interpretation is possible in generic inchoative constructions, which lack a VoiceP. The data and analysis presented here support Wood and Marantz’s (2017) proposal of a single argument-introducing head whose category and interpretation vary in terms of the syntactic context it is merged in. Finally, this study stresses the need to establish a more detailed classification of Spanish se-constructions as a whole and middles in particular with respect to their interaction with applied arguments.
Swearword Translation in Steve Jobs: A Communicative/Semantic Perspective
Authors: Lu Licheng , Li Aifen
Published: February 2020

Swearwords are commonly used in daily communications, but how to translate swearwords appropriately has received relatively little attention. This research explores swearword translation from English into Chinese based on Peter Newmark’s theory of communicative and semantic translation through a case study of the book Steve Jobs. Through detailed analyses, it is proved that translating swearwords should be reader-oriented so that the translations can produce an equivalent effect on the target readers. It is also found that many elements should be considered in swearword translation, such as character of swearer, context, source language and culture as well as target language and culture.
Do SME Policy Improve Firm Productivity? Empirical Evidence from Latin America and China
Authors: Xu Peiyuan
Published: February 2020

Based on World Bank Enterprise Survey dataset, this paper uses instrumental variables regression to examine whether Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are more efficient and if SMEs policies (SME Policy) have any influence on firm-level Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in two important emerging economies: Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) and China. The results show that, first, there is a positive correlation between firm size and TFP in LAC but not in China. Second, training, line of credit/loan for SMEs are proved to have a significant positive effect on firm TFP. Specifically, for Chinese firms, the training programs are most effective while for LAC firms, loan and credit are most effective. Third, R&D related innovation improves the efficiency, especially for Chinese firms. Fourth, government shareholding improves efficiency in China since they may provide some help in acquiring loans, while in LAC countries, the government shareholding has a negative effect. Based on above mentioned results, I suggest that Latin American countries should set financial relaxing as the primary goal of SME policies and China should provide more training programs and improve incentive mechanism in technology innovation for SMEs.
PSO-verordening in de openbaar vervoerregelgeving: een lex specialis of juist niet?
Authors: van Angeren J.R. , ten Hove F.E.
Published: February 2020

PSO-verordening in de openbaar vervoerregelgeving: een lex specialis of juist niet?

De PSO-verordening brengt sinds de inwerkingtreding op 3 december 2009 het specifieke karakter van het openbaar personenvervoer ten opzichte van andersoortige overheidsopdrachten tot uitdrukking. Dat heeft geleid tot rechtspraak van het Hof van Justitie over de verhouding van de PSO-verordening met de algemene aanbestedingsregelgeving. In deze bijdrage belichten wij de verschillende regelgeving die op de aanbesteding van openbaar busvervoer van toepassing is. Die regelgeving is ingewikkeld en bevestigt onze veronderstelling dat de positie van het openbaar vervoer binnen het aanbestedingsrecht een bijzondere plaats inneemt.

HvJ 21 maart 2019, gevoegde zaken C-26617 en C-267/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:241 (Rhein-Sieg-Kreis/Verkehrsbetrieb Hüttebräucker GmbH en BVR Busverkehr Rheinland GmbH en Rhenus Veniro GmbH & Co. KG/Kreis Heinsberg)

HvJ 8 mei 2019, zaak C-253/18, ECLI:EU:C:2019:386 (Stadt Euskirchen/Rhenus Veniro GmbH & Co. KG)
IMPERATIVES AND DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF "GREEN" ECONOMY AND ITS INTERACTION WITH INNOVATIVE ECONOMY
Authors: Burduli Vakhtang
Published: February 2020

This article discusses the imperatives (motivating reasons) that make it necessary to move to development accord-ing to the principles of the “green” economy, discusses options for defining the concept of a "green" economy and the direction of its development by sectors. The interrelation of the “green” economy with the innovation economy was also discussed. The public and private financial instruments for coordinating the green and innovative econ-omies are systematized.
FOREIGNERS AND NATIONAL MINORITIES IN THE FACE OF LAW, OFFICE, INTERESTS - CULTURAL BEHAVIOR PATTERNS
Authors: Matosek Mirosław , Prokopowicz Dariusz , Grzegorek Jan
Published: February 2020

The problem of multiculturalism and social communication at the meeting point of culture unnoticed for many years in Poland, in recent years, is becoming more and more pronounced, and forecasts indicate that the number of foreigners will grow rapidly. The authors of the article focus on dilemmas related to the attitudes and behaviors of representatives of other nations related to the observance of the law, expectations of public and local admin-istration, perception of office representatives and distance to the authorities they represent, relations with part-ners in the interests. Knowledge about cultural diversity along with foreign language skills is becoming a key factor in the success of effective social communication with foreigners.
ECONOMIC DIPLOMACY AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GHANA UNDER KUFUOR (2001-2008): ‘MAMMON’ AND GOOD NEIGHBOURLINESS.
Authors: Yeboah Steve Asirifi
Published: February 2020

This study seeks to assess the extent to which President Kufuor’s adoption of economic diplomacy impacted the economic growth and development of Ghana from 2001-2008. The economic development of Ghana after inde-pendence vary from one administration to the other with military takeovers influencing and changing the course and rate of development. President Kufuor’s administration however presents a remarkable record of immense economic growth. Kufuor’s era was thus, termed as the “Golden Age of Business” following the gravity of private businesses springing up and an environment created for such initiatives to thrive on. In the final analysis, the study came to the realization that Kufuor’s administration reemphasizes the deepening economic relation Ghana developed with other partners through the implementation of economic diplomacy. The study underlined some initiatives that was embarked on and further provided some macroeconomic indicators representing the level of development during his era. The result revealed the roles of diplomats as primary avenues for the promotion of economic diplomacy and how their activities impact the economic growth of a country.
ACADEMIC RESEARCH ACTIVITY OF THE SMALL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF UKRAINE MEMBERS AS ONE OF THE DIRECTIONS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF STEM-EDUCATION
Authors: Mandrazhy Oksana , Lemekhova Alona , Likhnovska Tetiana
Published: February 2020

The article describes the research process of student members of the Kharkov Small Academy of Sciences of Ukraine using differential equations in the study of natural phenomena. The studied issue was the dependence of the wind speed on the path it traveled into the thick of the forest. Mathematical problem was formulated practical and theoretical calculations were carried out. The work corresponds to certain areas and approaches to building training within the framework of STEM-education, which at the present stage of education development in Ukraine is actively discussed and is gradually being introduced into the learning process.
O ADVENTO DA INTERNET E SEUS DESAFIOS NO CAMPO JURÍDICO BRASILEIRO: BREVE ANÁLISE DOS DISPOSITIVOS LEGAIS SOBRE O MUNDO DIGITAL
Authors: Strasser Francislaine de Almeida Coimbra , Oliveira Myllena Gonçalves de
Published: February 2020

The present workhas as scope to analyze thechallenges installed by the advent of the digital world and some of its developments in the Brazilian legal field. Among the many social changes performed due to the insertion of the Internet in peoples’ lives, some of the ones which have bigger impactare the modification of economic, commercial, communicative and even criminal activities, as well as interpersonal relationships. Thus, it’s necessary to analyze internet’s historical development in the country andthe main laws designed to specifically address the digital sphere, among them are the Internet Civil Landmark Law and the General Law of Personal Data Protection (GLDP), going through their main provisions, purpose and efficiency. In order to appreciate the above, the present work uses hypothetical-deductive method and bibliographical and legislative research.
Vom Suchen und Finden des Glücks diesseits und jenseits der Mauer
Authors: Drogi Susanne
Published: February 2020

2019 jährte sich die sog. Friedliche Revolution zum mittlerweile 30. Male. Die Kinder- und Jugendliteratur beteiligt sich seit der Wiedervereinigung in Wellen, aber kontinuierlich an der deutsch-deutschen „Erinnerungsproduktion“. Ob dies nach dem 30. Jahrestag so bleiben wird, muss sich zeigen. Gleichzeitig wird die DDR bald nicht mehr Inhalt des kommunikativen, sondern nur des kulturellen Gedächtnisses sein. Hier wird die Bedeutung von Literatur, aber auch von Literaturunterricht, offenbar.

Wie aus Allgemeinliteratur und -filmen bekannt, ist auch für Bilderbücher, Kinder- und Jugendromane sowie Filme ein deutlich humorvoller Zugriff auf die Themen DDR und „Wende“ feststellbar. Als eine wichtige Strategie wird das Schelmische angenommen, wofür zunächst das Typus-Motiv „Schelm*in“ grundlegend für die KJL erschlossen wird. Es werden dann seine Spielarten in den unterschiedlichen kinder- und jugendliterarischen Genres zur deutschen Zeitgeschichte untersucht und Rezeptionspotenziale diskutiert.
Location of Violent Crime Relative to Trauma Resources in Detroit: Implications for Community Interventions
Authors: Clery Michael , Dworkis Daniel , Sonuyi Tolulope , Khaldun Joneigh , Abir Mahshid
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Detroit, Michigan, is among the leading United States cities for per-capita homicide and violent crime. Hospital- and community-based intervention programs could decrease the rate of violent-crime related injury but require a detailed understanding of the locations of violence in the community to be most effective.

Methods: We performed a retrospective geospatial analysis of all violent crimes reported within the city of Detroit from 2009-2015 comparing locations of crimes to locations of major hospitals. We calculated distances between violent crimes and trauma centers, and applied summary spatial statistics.

Results: Approximately 1.1 million crimes occurred in Detroit during the study period, including approximately 200,000 violent crimes. The distance between the majority of violent crimes and hospitals was less than five kilometers (3.1 miles). Among violent crimes, the closest hospital was an outlying Level II trauma center 60% of the time.

Conclusion: Violent crimes in Detroit occur throughout the city, often closest to a Level II trauma center. Understanding geospatial components of violence relative to trauma center resources is important for effective implementation of hospital- and community-based interventions and targeted allocation of resources.
Cellular automata and urban studies: a literature survey
Authors: Norte Pinto Nuno , Pais Antunes António
Published: February 2020

Este artigo apresenta uma pesquisa bibliográfica sobre a técnica matemática de

autómatos celulares (CA) e a sua aplicação a estudos urbanos. Os modelos baseados em CA

são actualmente alvo de intensa investigação não só em termos teóricos como também na sua

aplicação operacional. Diversos modelos são já aplicados a diversas áreas urbanas e regiões

metropolitanas em todo o mundo. É feita a apresentação da formulação clássica de CA bem

como das suas primeiras aplicações a problemas geográficos e urbanos, sendo ainda

discutidas as principais evoluções da técnica. É apresentada uma série de aplicações de

modelos baseados em CA e é dedicada uma atenção particular às suas medidas de

desempenho e a diversas abordagens de calibração dos modelos.
FUNCTIONAL TRANSFORMATION OF KOSANICA SETTLEMENTS AS AN INDICATOR OF TOURIST DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Jović Goran S. , Bojović Vojkan
Published: February 2020

The aim of this research is the analysis of the functional transformation of Kosanica settlements as an indicator of tourism development. Kosanica is a historical and geographical area in the basin of the river of the same name in southern Serbia. There are 90 settlements in the area. Starting from the view that the functional characteristics of the network of settlements reflect the economic characteristics of the working population, the interrelations of the functional transformation of settlements are analysed in this paper on one hand, along with the tourist development on the other. The focus of the analysis is the geographical area of Kosanica and the changes in the functional structure of the settlements that are caused by the development of tourism or are of significance for the tourism development.
Downregulation of miR-193a-3p is involved in the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma by targeting CCND1
Authors: Wang Shi-shuo , Huang Zhi-guang , Wu Hua-yu , He Rong-quan , Yang Li-hua , Feng Zhen-bo , Dang Yi-wu , Lu Hui-ping , Fang Ye-ying , Chen Gang
Published: February 2020

Background

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second-highest cause of malignancy-related death worldwide, and many physiological and pathological processes, including cancer, are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs). miR-193a-3p is an anti-oncogene that plays an important part in health and disease biology by interacting with specific targets and signals.

Methods

In vitro assays were performed to explore the influences of miR-193a-3p on the propagation and apoptosis of HCC cells. The sequencing data for HCC were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the expression levels of miR-193a-3p in HCC and non-HCC tissues were calculated. The differential expression of miR-193a-3p in HCC was presented as standardized mean difference (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) in Stata SE. The impact of miR-193a-3p on the prognoses of HCC patients was determined by survival analysis. The potential targets of miR-193a-3p were then predicted using miRWalk 2.0 and subjected to enrichment analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO) annotation, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis. The interaction between miR-193a-3p and one predicted target, Cyclin D1 (CCND1), was verified by dual luciferase reporter assays and Pearson correlation analysis.

Results

MiR-193a-3p inhibited the propagation and facilitated the apoptosis of HCC cells in vitro. The pooled SMD indicated that miR-193a-3p had a low level of expression in HCC (SMD: −0.88, 95% CI [−2.36 −0.59]). Also, HCC patients with a higher level of miR-193a-3p expression tended to have a favorable overall survival (OS: HR = 0.7, 95% CI [0.43–1.13], P = 0.14). For the KEGG pathway analysis, the most related pathway was “proteoglycans in cancer”, while the most enriched GO term was “protein binding”. The dual luciferase reporter assays demonstrated the direct interaction between miR-193a-3p and CCND1, and the Pearson correlation analysis suggested that miR-193a-3p was negatively correlated with CCND1 in HCC tissues (R =  − 0.154, P = 0.002).

Conclusion

miR-193a-3p could suppress proliferation and promote apoptosis by targeting CCND1 in HCC cells. Further, miR-193a-3p can be used as a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC in the future.
A new species of the genusSarsamphiascusHuys, 2009 (Copepoda: Harpacticoida: Miraciidae) from a sublittoral zone of Hawaii
Authors: Yeom Jisu , Lee Wonchoel
Published: February 2020

A new species ofSarsamphiascusHuys, 2009 was collected from sandy sediments of Hawaii at 12 –18 m depth. While the new species,Sarsamphiascus hawaiiensissp. nov., is morphologically most closely related toS. kawamurai(Ueda & Nagai, 2005), the two species can be distinguished by the combination of the following morphological characteristics: elongated segments of the antennule in the new species, type of outer setae of the P5 exopod (bare inS. kawamurai), position of the inner seta of the P5 exopod in both sexes (more proximal inS. kawamurai), length and type of the setae of female P6 (shorter and bare inS. kawamurai). This is the first species ofSarsamphiascusfrom Hawaii to be discovered. Molecular analyses of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) and nuclear 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) genes confirmed thatS. hawaiiensisandS. kawamuraiare distinct species.
Socio-economic Analysis of Kalyanipuram Village of Pudukkottai District Using Participatory Rural Appraisal by RAWE (Rural Agricultural Work Experience) Programme Students, ADAC&RI (Anbil Dharmalingam Agricultural College and Research Institute), Trichy
Authors: Karuppasamy P. , Sai Aravind Mandava , Velmurugan G. , Selvakumar M.
Published: February 2020

Participatory Rural Appraisal as an approach and methods for learning about rural life and conditions from rural people. Due to many revolutions held in the field of agriculture, it changed its way of doing practice into a more scientific way. The technology of doing agriculture was improved from its conventional way. Many challenges have been noticed and they have been suppressed at its best. But even though some problems are raised at farmer's field which is unable to reach brainstorming desk of scientists. This is because the real need of farmers is very minimally noticed and ground-level exploration is lacking in this due to many reasons. The suggestions and remedies to their problems should be at their frequency of understanding. In this process, we have achieved a model problem shooter and its way of solving the farmer's problems at ground level and helping the farming community more understandably. This model can be practised for having a lively experience of getting infiltrated into the village activities and rural routine.