bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor Motivation and Stimulation Mechanism in Learning Organization Formation
Authors: Kuryachaya Ekaterina , Kul'kova I.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to a relevant topic − the HR management system creation during the transforming a traditional organization into a self-learning one, and, first of all, a staff motivation system. The scientific novelty element is the developed and tested complex HR management mechanism, which is closely related to the results and employees' performance assessment. A tested and implemented mechanism for managing the employees’ motivation system is proposed, which is one of the stages in the formation of the self-learning organization model; the motivation management principles and guidelines for building a motivation system based on an integrated approach, including systems of monetary, non-monetary incentives, as well as social guarantees systems.
Development of a Map of HR Trends and Technologies
Authors: Bushueva I. , Andreeva E. , Kryukova A.
Published: May 2021

Currently, the emergence and development of technologies, including in personnel management, is happening at an exponential speed. The use of modern HR trends and technologies allows organizations to meet the requirements of the time. Despite a significant number of studies of trends in HR and related forecasts, this information requires generalization, structuring and visual presentation.

Presented in the article «Map of HR trends and technologies» gives an idea of the development directions of existing and future HR trends and technologies for the period 2020-2040. The developed map presents the development path of the role of an HR specialist, as well as trends in the main areas of HR activity: personnel management, personnel development, recruitment, HR branding, working environment. The map defines three time periods corresponding to the development horizons - near, middle and far.

The practical value of using the developed HR trend map lies in its usability, logic and structure of the presented information, as well as the content of a large number of the most relevant HR areas in modern organizations.
Budując system: Ochrona zabytków sakralnych w diecezji tarnowskiej na przełomie XIX i XX wieku
Authors: Laskowski Andrzej
Published: May 2021

BUILDING A SYSTEM This book was written with the aim of bringing attention to the process of the emergence of a church system of cultural heritage management, until now overlooked by researchers, which resulted in numerous innovative solutions in the Polish territories. These were principally: the erection of a diocesan museum in Tarnów (1888) and an even earlier introduction of a relevant minor study in art history in the local seminary (1886); an early recognition by members of the local community of the problem of widespread demolishing of old wooden churches, and their efforts to find effective countermeasures; a massive social participation of clergy and lay people in diverse initiatives concerning historical heritage preservation; a prompt compilation of a topographical inventory of historical sites that covered a large part of the area under investigation; and finally, establishing a post of a Diocesan Historic Preservation Officer (summer 1908).
How Inductive and Deductive Generalization Shape the Guilt-by-Association Phenomenon Among Firms: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Naumovska Ivana , Zajac Edward J.
Published: May 2021

This study advances and tests the notion that the phenomenon of guilt by association-- whereby innocent organizations are penalized due to their similarity to offending organizations-- is shaped by two distinct forms of generalization. We analyze how and why evaluators’ interpretative process following instances of corporate misconduct will likely include not only inductive generalization (rooted in similarity judgments and prototype-based categorization) but also deductive generalizing (rooted in evaluators’ theories and causal-based categorization). We highlight the role and relevance of this neglected distinction by extending guilt-by-association predictions to include two unique predictions based on deductive generalization. First, we posit a recipient effect: if an innocent organization falls under a negative stereotype that causally links the innocent firm with corporate misconduct, then that innocent firm will suffer a greater negative spillover effect, irrespective of its similarity to the offending firm. Second, we also posit a transmission effect: if the offending firm falls under the same negative stereotype, then the negative spillover effect to other similar firms will be lessened. We also analyze how media discourse can foster negative stereotypes, and thus amplify these two effects. We find support for our hypotheses in an analysis of stock market reactions to corporate misconduct for all U.S. and international firms using reverse mergers to gain publicly traded status in the United States. We discuss the implications of our theoretical perspective and empirical findings for research on corporate misconduct, guilt by association, and stock market prejudice.
Microneedling: mechanism of action and indications
Authors: Fromage Gemma
Published: May 2021

Microneedling has several indications and can significantly improve certain skin concerns and conditions. Gemma Fromage explains the basics of the treatment
Posterior oblique ligament of the knee: state of the art
Authors: D’Ambrosi Riccardo , Corona Katia , Guerra Germano , Cerciello Simone , Ursino Chiara , Ursino Nicola , Hantes Michael
Published: May 2021

The posterior oblique ligament (POL) is the predominant ligamentous structure on the posterior medial corner of the knee joint. A thorough understanding of the anatomy, biomechanics, diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of POL injuries will aid orthopaedic surgeons in the management of these injuries. The resulting rotational instability, in addition to valgus laxity, may not be tolerated by athletes participating in pivoting sports. The most common mechanism of injury – accounting for 72% of cases – is related to sports activity, particularly football, basketball and skiing. Moreover, three different injury patterns have been reported: those associated with injury to the capsular arm of the semimembranosus (SM), those involving a complete peripheral meniscal detachment and those involving disruption of the SM and peripheral meniscal detachment. The hallmark of an injury related to POL lesions is the presence of anteromedial rotatory instability (AMRI), which is defined as ‘external rotation with anterior subluxation of the medial tibial plateau relative to the distal femur’. In acute settings, POL lesions can be easily identified using coronal and axial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) where the medial collateral ligament (MCL) and POL appear as separate structures. However, MRI is not sensitive in chronic cases. Surgical treatment of the medial side leads to satisfactory clinical results in a multi-ligamentous reconstruction scenario, but it is known to be associated with secondary stiffness. In young patients with high functional demands, return to sports is allowed no earlier than 9–12 months after they have undergone a thorough rehabilitation programme.

Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2021;6:364-371. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.6.200127
Genetic variation of longtail tuna Thunnus tonggol landed in four fish markets in Indonesia based on mitochondrial DNA
Authors: Astarini Ida Ayu , Ningsih ENEX YUNIARTI , Simanungkalit Devy , Ardiana Shella Ayu , Al Malik M Danie , Yusmalinda NI LUH ASTRIA , Sembiring Andrianus , Pertiwi Ni Putu Dian , CAHYANI NI KADEK DITA , Collins Allen
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Astarini IA, Ningsih EY, Simanungkalit D, Ardiana SA, Al Malik MD, Yusmalinda NLA, Sembiring A, Pertiwi NPD, Cahyani NKD, Collins A. 2021. Genetic variation of longtail tuna Thunnus tonggol landed in four fish markets in Indonesia based on mitochondrial DNA. Biodiversitas 22: 1644-1651. Longtail tuna (Thunnus tonggol, Family: Scombridae) is an economically valuable neritic species found in tropical and subtropical waters in the Indo-Pacific region. High catch numbers, which have been decreasing, could negatively impact this tuna’s population level. Little research has been conducted on the longtail tuna population in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the genetic diversity and potential population structure of longtail tuna landed in four fish markets in Indonesia (representing three sampling locations because two markets are relatively close to each other) based on sequences of a region of mitochondrial control region (d-loop). A total of 101 samples, out of 110, were identified and confirmed as T. tonggol species by amplifying and sequencing a fragment of d-loop (amplicons ranging from 482 - 523 bp). Neighbor-joining analysis resulted in a topology with all samples grouped into one clade with an average genetic distance of 0.020. Meanwhile, haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (?) values of the longtail tuna samples were 0.9939 and 0.0192, respectively. The fixation index (Fst) value was -0.00507, with p> 0.05, which indicates that there is no significant population structure among the longtail tuna collected from four fish markets representing three sampling locations. The results of this analysis can be used as basic data in planning sustainable fisheries management efforts.
Six new species and a new record of Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand
Authors: Saensouk Surapon , Boonma Thawatphong , Saensouik Piyaporn
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Saensouk S, Boonma T, Saensouk P. 2021. Six new species and a new record of Curcuma L. (Zingiberaceae) from Thailand. Biodiversitas 22: 1658-1685. All six new species and a new record of Curcumawere described with detailed illustrations, photographs, summaries for their distribution, ecology, IUCN conservation status, and followed by a new record and key to 63 species of Curcuma revised and present in Thailand. The study surveyed six new species and a new record of Curcuma to collect, describe, measure, and illustrate the living and spirit specimens under a stereoscopic microscope. Plant materials and photographs were collected in the field from 2018 to 2019. The results of the study described six new species, including Curcuma chantaranothaii Boonma & Saensouk sp. nov., C. charanii Boonma & Saensouk sp. nov., C. rangsimae Boonma & Saensouk sp. nov., C. phrayawan Boonma & Saensouk sp. nov., C. puangpeniae Boonma & Saensouk sp. nov., C. purpurata Boonma & Saensouk sp. nov., and a first new record of C. peramoena. All six new species were recognized to be endemic to Thailand.
Isolation, characterization, activity test and molecular identification of thermophilic bacteria producing proteases from Dolok Tinggi Raja Natural Hot Springs, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Fachrial Edy , KRISDIANILO VISENSIUS , HARMILENI Harmileni , Lister I Nyoman Ehrich , Nugroho Titania T , SARYONO Saryono
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Fachrial E, Krisdianilo V, Harmileni, Lister INE, Nugroho TT, Saryono. 2021. Isolation, characterization, activity test and molecular identification of thermophilic bacteria producing proteases from Dolok Tinggi Raja Natural Hot Springs, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1725-1732. Proteases are complex enzymes that can be applied in both commercial products and physiological fields. This enzyme accelerates the breakdown of peptide bonds in polypeptides and proteins using hydrolysis reactions, transforming them into simpler bonds. In recent years, the demand for protease enzymes in Indonesia is still dependent on imported products, and there has also been an increase in their use. This is because there are many advantages in terms of efficiency, environmental friendliness, and its ability to catalyze a reaction without by-products. Proteases dominate the enzyme market with a total of 70% sales. Furthermore, they are manufactured from thermophilic bacteria as a solution to the problem of enzyme use in industries, where enzymes are easily damaged at high temperatures. The thermophilic protease enzyme can be found in thermophilic microorganisms living in extreme temperatures such as hot springs. There are lots of mountainous areas in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia with many hot springs. For example, the Dolok Tinggi Raja Natural Hot Springs of Simalungun District which has a water temperature of 50oC with a pH of about 6, the potential of which still needs to be explored. This study aims to isolate and determine the activity and molecular structure of thermophilic bacteria producing protease in Dolok Tinggi Raja Natural Hot Springs. Protease activity was determined based on the formation of clear zones in Skim Milk Agar medium. In addition, a total of 20 isolates were successfully obtained from sediment and water. Each was tested biochemically and morphologically, where 19 isolates had the activity of proteases, with the highest in isolate UTMTR VK S9 of 23.67 U/mL. Molecular identification was performed by the amplification of 16SrRNA gene based on BLAST and phylogenic analysis with MEGA X. Phylogenic results showed that isolate UTMTR VK S9 possessed similarities to Bacillus paralicheniformis strain A30103. Meanwhile, more research is required to purify enzymes for application in the industrial world.
Morphometric analysis of Gorontalo (Indonesia) native chickens from six different regions
Authors: SOPHIAN ALFI , ABINAWANTO ABINAWANTO , NISA UPI CHAIRUN , FADHILLAH FADHILLAH
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Sophian A, Abinawanto, Nisa UC, Fadhillah. 2021. Morphometric analysis of Gorontalo (Indonesia) native chickens from six different regions. Biodiversitas 22: 1757-1763. Research on the diversity of Gorontalo native chickens based on morphometric analysis of body weight, leg length, head length, head length to beak and head width was conducted. This study was conducted to identify the diversity of native chickens in six regions spread across Gorontalo Province, Indonesia. The method used in conducting statistical analysis is the principal component analysis (PCA) method. This method was performed to identify which morphometric factors play a role in relationship analysis of Gorontalo native chickens. Based on statistical analysis, it was found that of the 5 variables used in this study, 3 variables had Measure of Sampling Adequacy (MSA) values > 0.5 ranged from 0.537 to 0.648, namely body weight, leg length, and head length. Meanwhile, the other 2 variables, namely Head to Beak Length and Head Width, have MSA values <0.5 with values of 0.313 and 0.316. This causes the other 2 variables to be used as a differentiating variable in analyzing the relationship between native chickens from six different regions scattered in the Gorontalo Province. The morphometric analysis of body weight means that the chickens sampled from Boalemo were morphometrically the largest in size, while the chickens sampled from Pohuwato were morphometrically the smallest. Chickens sampled from North Gorontalo, Bone Bolango, and Gorontalo City tended to be more uniform when compared to the chickens sampled from Pohuwato and Boalemo areas, while for Gorontalo District it was larger in size than Pohuwato, North Gorontalo, Bone Bolango, and Gorontalo City, but smaller than Boalemo.
Azolla microphylla and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for bioremediation of bioethanol wastewater
Authors: Annisa Khoirul , SUTARNO SUTARNO , SANTOSA SLAMET
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Annisa K, Sutarno, Santosa S. 2021. Azolla microphylla and Pseudomonas aeruginosa for bioremediation of bioethanol wastewater. Biodiversitas 22: 1799-1805. Bioremediation is the right choice in wastewater treatment since it requires has low cost but works optimally. Azolla microphylla and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are considered to have the ability to optimize waste degradation. The aim of this study was to determine the best treatment for reducing pollutants in bioethanol waste, namely by using A. microphylla and P. aeruginosa. The twelve treatments in this experimental research included variations in the A. microphylla biomass and variations of biomass combinations with the density of the P. aeruginosa. Research method used was completely randomized design with three replications, and all 36 samples were taken on the seventh day. Research data collected were the quality parameters of bioethanol wastewater before and after the treatment. The results showed that TSS, BOD, COD were decreased during seven days of treatment, whereas pH and H2S levels were increased. The combination of 0.2 kg A. microphylla and 1010 cfu/mL P. aeruginosa showed the best result in reducing pollutants. This study showed that A. microphylla and P. aeruginosa could be used to reduce pollutants in bioethanol wastewater. Results of the research are expected to become an alternative solution to the bioethanol wastewater problem.
Identification of conserved peptide upstream open reading frames (CPuORFs) in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) genome
Authors: SUBROTO ANDREA PUTRI , ADITAMA REDI , TANJUNG ZULFIKAR ACHMAD , UTOMO CONDRO , LIWANG TONY
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Subroto AP, Aditama R, Tanjung ZA, Utomo C, Liwang T. 2021. Identification of conserved peptide upstream open reading frames (CPuORFs) in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) genome. Biodiversitas 22: 1829-1838. Upstream open reading frame (uORF) translation serves as one of several modulating mechanisms in gene expression. Conserved peptide uORF is a rare subset of uORF containing a peptide sequence that is conserved among eudicot families and negatively regulates the translation of its adjacent main ORF (mORF). This research aimed to identify oil palm CPuORFs by conducting a homology search between Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and rice (Oryza sativa) CPuORF databases against the existing oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) genome. Using alignment by Hidden Markov Model (HMM) approach, 48 oil palm CPuORFs were discovered which were later divided into 24 homology groups (HG) based on its gene ontology. The high degree of sequence homology indicates a high conservation CPuORFs among oil palm, Arabidopsis and rice. The CPuORFs peptide sequence conservation between oil palm progenies was later validated by sequencing of CPuORF22 and CPuORF29 as a reference, from several DxP Tenera crosses, individual Duras from different origins and American oil palm (Elaeis oleifera). This is the first study of oil palm CPuORF discovery which might provide a better understanding of gene expression regulation in oil palm.
Modified culture assay to obtain a diversity of hyphal structures of Ceratobasidium theobromae-VSD pathogen on cocoa
Authors: Junaid Muhammad , GUEST DAVID
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Junaid M, Guest D. 2021. Modified culture assay to obtain a diversity of hyphal structures of Ceratobasidium theobromae, VSD pathogen on cocoa. Biodiversitas 22: 1879-1886. Ceratobasidium theobromae, a causal agent of vascular streak dieback (VSD) disease, is a fastidious Basidiomycete fungus devastating cocoa in Southeast Asia Melanesia. One sought-after in vitro technique is pathogen subculture. As an obligate parasite, growing the pathogen onto an artificial medium is always problematic. In this paper, a new design is demonstrated to obtain a single colony of the pathogen with hyphal diversity. Putative C. theobromae is obtained from infected leaves and petioles of cocoa using rigorous surface sterilization before culturing on standard water agar (WA) medium. Once the fungus grows out from the tissue, the infected plant tissue is then removed carefully, leaving mycelium's uninterrupted growth. About 200 mL of liquid Corticium culture medium (CCM) is injected to submerge the solid medium layer, nurture hyphae development, and allow generative structure formation. Molecular amplification with a pair primer of ITS 1B (forward) and 4B (reverse) specific for fungal Basidiomycete DNA with a touchdown undertook thermal cycler program. PCR product amplification successfully confirmed the presence of C. theobromae DNA collected from the samples with VSD symptomatic lesions and identified a diversity of hyphal and branching formations.
Genetic identification of hydrocarbons degrading bacteria isolated from oily sludge? and petroleum-contaminated soil in Basrah City, Iraq
Authors: ABOUD ENTISAR MUHSON , Burghal Ahmed , LAFTAH ABDULLAH HAMAD
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Aboud EM, Burghal AA, Laftah AH. 2021. Genetic identification of hydrocarbons degrading bacteria isolated from oily sludge? and petroleum-contaminated soil in Basrah City, Iraq. Biodiversitas 22: 1934-1939. Petroleum is a major problem for environmental pollution due to the extensive use, which can reach all parts of the environment. Contaminated environments are required to identify bacterial diversity that has a remarkable ability to tolerate and biodegrade toxic compounds. The process of oil degradation by microorganisms in their natural environment is affected by certain chemical, physical and biological conditions. Bioremediation techniques are powerful for removing oil pollution, which reflects the ability of microorganisms to destroy organic pollutants. In the current study, six bacterial isolates (S1-S6) were isolated from oil-contaminated soils. mineral salt medium (MSM) was used to carry out biodegradation, crude oil degradation was an evaluation by the gravimetric method. After two weeks of incubation showed S5 isolate the greatest efficiency in oil degradation 53.6%, S1 and S6 also gave good capability degradation (47.31% and 44.9%) respectively, while isolates S2 and S3 gave the lowest percentage. All isolates were identified by 16S rDNA amplicons as Pseudomonas stutzeri, Psychrobacter faecalis, Pseudomonas songnenensis, Bacillus cereus, Psychrobacter quanticus strain E9R, and Psychrobacter quanticus strain EA422 according to molecular identification. The current study indicated that hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria specially Psychrobacter can be used to clean soil from crude oil and other industrial discharges.
The infection of ectoparasitic protozoa on farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at three reservoirs in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kolia Waleed , SUNARTO SUNARTO , WIDIYANI TETRI
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Kolia WSK, Sunarto, Widiyani T. 2021. The infection of ectoparasitic protozoa on farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at three reservoirs in Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 1975-1980. There is an expansion of fish culture in Indonesia, but there is a dearth of information on the parasitic infecting cultured fish. This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence of ectoparasitic protozoans on farmed Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) at three reservoirs (i.e., Cengklik, Mulur, and Gajah Mungkur) in Central Java, Indonesia, and to determine the prevalence, mean abundance, and mean intensity of such parasites. A total of 189 samples were collected from different cages. The sex of the fishes was determined and their lengths and weights were measured. The gills, fins, and skin were examined for ectoparasitic protozoa using a light microscope. Among the examined fishes, 146 samples were infected at the rate of 77.2 %. Mulur reservoir had the highest prevalence rate with 90.4%, followed by Cengklik and Gajah Mungkur with 82.5 % and, 58.7%, respectively. We found female fishes were more susceptible to the infection than males. Seven parasite species were identified, namely: Tetrahymena corlissi, Apiosoma spp., Trichodina spp., Cryptobia spp., Chilodonella spp., Ambiphrya spp., and Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. The protozoan parasite Trichodina spp. recorded the highest prevalence, mean intensity, and mean abundance among all the other protozoan species at the three reservoirs. The results provided a significant difference at (p<0.01) in the total number of parasites among the reservoirs. Despite the parasite infection, the physical and chemical parameters of the water of the three reservoirs were within the recommended range for the culture of Nile tilapia under the cage systems.
Evaluation of diversity in some genotypes of Algerian durum wheat using agronomical and biochemical markers
Authors: Atoui Aicha , BOUDOUR Leila , Chaib Ghania , BOUDERSA Nabil
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Atoui A, Boudour L, Chaib G, Nabil B. 2021. Evaluation of diversity in some genotypes of Algerian durum wheat using agronomical and biochemical markers. Biodiversitas 22: 2005-2011. In Algeria, wheat occupies a preponderant place regarding its food richness, and its agronomic characteristics. Quantification and characterization of the local genetic material of different species constitute a strategic axis for the improvement of these species. To quantify the diversity that may exist between nine genotypes belonging to the durum variety “valenciae” mainly cultivated in Algeria, biochemical and agronomical parameters were studied. The obtained results revealed highly significant differences for all measured agronomical parameters and a significant positive relationship between grain yield and its compounds. Protein profiles obtained using SDS-PAGE allowed us to split the total seed proteins. The obtained gel has shown different bands with molecular weights ranging from 17 to 122.09 KDa of which ten monomorphic bands, eight polymorphic bands and Three Unique bands in G6 and G9. The total protein polymorphism revealed an intra-varietal variability. This study will help breeders better select genotypes to be used in the Algerian wheat breeding program.
The structure of permaculture landscapes in the Philippines
Authors: FLORES JABEZ JOSHUA M. , Buot. Jr. Inocencio
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Flores JJM, Buot Jr. IE. 2021. The structure of permaculture landscapes in the Philippines. Biodiversitas 22: 2032-2044. Biodiversity plays a crucial role in sustainable agriculture. Permaculture is a design philosophy that values this role as it consciously integrates diverse components into the farm landscape. The purpose of the study was to characterize the general structure of permaculture landscapes in the Philippines and identify the landscape components that comprise its farming systems. The research was conducted in 12 permaculture farms in 11 provinces in the Philippines in 2018. Aerial photography and farm inventory were employed for data collection. A crop diversity survey was conducted using a modified belt transect method with alternating 20 m2 plots within a 1 ha sampling area. Full enumeration of plant species in each plot was performed to determine species richness and samples were manually counted to compute for the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index. Results of the study showed that permaculture landscapes were organized into six spatial zones: ‘house,’ ‘garden,’ ‘grazing,’ ‘cash crops,’ ‘food forest,’ and 'wilderness.' It was identified that each zone contained components belonging to six categories: abiotic, biotic, man-made structural, technological, socio-economic, and cultural. 'Biotic' results showed that all sites recorded high species richness (>20-65) with the highest found in Glinoga Organic Farm with 65. Aloha House in Palawan had the highest diversity with a score of 0.311. An analysis of the ratio of plant species per plant category showed that the vegetable/cereal crops dominated the landscape in 50% of sites. While 20% were characterized by tree/fruit-bearing crops. Perennial species were the most abundant in all sites with 75-95% of the total plant species. In conclusion, permaculture provided a design framework for restructuring our agricultural landscapes into diverse and productive ecosystems for human settlement and food production.
Effects of copper on the leaf morpho-anatomy of Rhizophora mucronata: Implications for mangrove ecosystem restoration
Authors: PEREZ KERSTIN LEI DJ. , QUIMADO MARILYN O. , MALDIA LERMA SJ. , TINIO CRUSTY E. , HERNANDEZ JONATHAN O. , COMBALICER MARILYN S.
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Perez KLDJ, Quimado MO, Maldia MLSJ, Tinio CE, Hernandez JO, Combalicer MS. 2021. Effects of copper on the leaf morpho-anatomy of  Rhizophora mucronata: Implications for mangrove ecosystem restoration. Biodiversitas 22: 2058-2065. Mangrove is one of the important yet threatened ecosystems in the Philippines. One of the reported causes of its destruction is heavy-metal pollution. Forest restoration managers recommend species that exhibit functional and adaptive traits in their leaf morpho-anatomy to restore degraded mangrove ecosystem’s ecological integrity. In this study, the morphological and leaf anatomical characteristics of Rhizophora mucronata Lam. growing in mangrove sites in Mamburao, Occidental Mindoro, Philippines with different concentrations of copper element in the soil were examined to determine the species’ adaptation in copper exposed soil and its potential for mangrove ecosystem restoration. Leaf area was measured and leaf anatomical characteristics were determined through histological paraffin technique. The average leaf area of R. mucronata in the copper-rich site was relatively smaller than in site with considerably less copper. Further, anatomical characteristics in the copper-rich site such as thicker cuticular, upper epidermis, and hypodermal layers, thin mesophyll layers and vascular bundle, smaller and fewer xylary elements, and larger salt secretion cells indicate functional and adaptive traits. These structures may help R. mucronata tolerate the high concentration of heavy metals in the plant body and soil, suggesting its potential for mangrove ecosystem restoration especially in copper-polluted sites in the Philippines.
Short Communication: Assessing the state and change of forest health of the proposed arboretum in Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park, Lampung, Indonesia
Authors: SAFE’I RAHMAT , DEWI BAINAH SARI , ARDIANSYAH FERDY , Latumahina Fransina
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Safe’I R, Latumahina FS, Dewi BS, Ardiansyah F. 2021. Short Communication: Assessing the state and change of forest health of the proposed arboretum in Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park, Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2072-2077. Forest health is the fundamental of sustainable forest management. As such, forest health needs to be continually monitored and maintained. This study assessed the state and change of forest health of the prospective arboretum in Wan Abdul Rachman Grand Forest Park (Tahura WAR), Lampung, Indonesia, aiming that the arboretum can serve for integrated conservation and education forest (Tahura War). This research used the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method by combining the parameters of vitality (i.e., tree damage and tree crown condition) and biodiversity (tree species diversity) across four Forest Health Monitoring plot clusters. The results showed there was a change in the state of forest health of the prospective arboretum in Tahura WAR. The first measurement showed that 50% of plot clusters had a status of bad, while 25% was moderate and 25% was good. The results of the second measurement showed that 50% of plot clusters had a status of moderate, while 25% was bad and 25% was good. This finding suggests that the prospective arboretum experienced changes toward better conditions in health status. Even so, it is still necessary to carry out regular forest health monitoring activities to determine trends.
Feeding habits of Tinfoil barb, Barbonymus schwenenfeldii in the Tasik River, South Labuhanbatu, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Desrita Desrita , HASUGIAN FANNI K. , YUSNI ERI , MANURUNG VINDY R. , RAMBEY RIDAHATI
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Desrita, Hasugian FK, Yusni E, Manurung VR, Rambey R. 2021. Feeding habits of Tinfoil barb Barbonymus schwenenfeldii in the Tasik River, South Labuhanbatu, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2131-2135. Research on feeding habits of Tinfoil barb, Barbonymus schwanenfeldii was carried out in the Tasik River from July to August 2020. This study aims to determine the composition of foods consumed by Tinfoil barb fish, and the availability of natural food in the Tasik River from 3 sampling stations. Fishes were caught using a gillnet with a mesh size of 3.18 cm, then the fish samples were dissected, and the digestive tract was taken and preserved with 10% formalin. A total of 138 Tinfoil bars were caught for this study. Analysis of stomach contents found that Tinfoil barb ate phytoplankton (41-48%) as the primary food, moss (25-38%), plant pieces (13-17%), worms (2-11%) as a complementary food and few of insects (0-4%), zooplankton (0-1%) as other foods. Based on analysis of food item values, all types of food and ratio within the intestine length and the total length showed that Tinfoil Barb was classified as omnivorous. The availability of natural foods for Tinfoil Barb in the Tasik River consists of the genera Asteroinella, Bacillaria, Bidulphia, Cestom, Gyrosigma, Gonatozygon, Oscillatoria, and  Thalassiora.
Diversity of sea cucumber from intertidal area of Pacitan and Bangkalan, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: AULIA ELSA DIANITA , MUZAKI FARID KAMAL , SAPTARINI DIAN , SETIAWAN EDWIN , SETIAMARGA DAVIN , LUTVIANTI ISWATUL DIAH , ROSYIDAH SANIAH KUSNATUR , MUHAMMAD NUR ALI
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Aulia ED, Muzaki FK, Saptarini D, Setiawan E, Setiamarga D, Lutvianti ID, Rosyidah SK, Muhammad NA. 2021. Diversity of sea cucumber from intertidal area of Pacitan and Bangkalan, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2136-2141. Sea cucumbers have an important role in the regeneration and mineralization processes of marine sediments. They are echinoderm, and their existence influences the sustainability of other organisms in different types of marine ecosystems. The objective of the present study was to determine the diversity of sea cucumber at Tawang and Pidakan coasts in Pacitan, and Labuhan coast in Bangkalan with slight differences in habitat characteristics. Sampling was conducted from 1000 m2 marked plots using hand collecting during low tide. Species richness, composition, abundance, and diversity indexes such as Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (H’), Simpson’s dominance index (D) and Pielou’s evenness index (J) were observed. The results showed that there were 19 species found in this study, which belonged to family Stichopodidae, Holothuruidea, and Synaptidae. The highest species richness, abundance, H’ and J value was from Tawang coast. Value of H’ was 2.620 in Tawang, followed by 2.001 in Pidakan, and 1.621 in Labuhan. The highest D index was at Labuhan coast (0.223) compared with Tawang (0.085) and Pidakan (0.158) coast.
Pollination compatibility of Dendrobium spp. orchids from Bali, Indonesia, and the effects of adding organic matters on seed germination under in vitro culture
Authors: DARMAWATI IDA AYU PUTRI , ASTARINI IDA AYU , YUSWANTI HESTIN , FITRIANI YUYUN
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Darmawati IAP, Astarini IA, Yuswanti H, Fitriani Y. 2021. Conservation of Dendrobium spp. Bali orchids (Indonesia) through in vitro seed culture. Biodiversitas 22: 2554-2559. Orchid species, including Dendrobium spp., originated from Bali are threatened to extinction due to habitat destruction, illegal hunting, small population size, and the effects of global environmental change. Conservation strategies are therefore required to preserve the remaining germplasm, one of which is through in vitro seed propagation. This research aimed to investigate the pollination compatibility (i.e., pollination that produce fruits) of Dendrobium orchids originated from Bali, and to determine the effects of adding organic matters (i.e., coconut water, tomato extract, and peptone) to the base media on orchid seed germination under in vitro culture condition. Self-pollination and sibling pollination were implemented to seven orchid species, namely Dendrobium macrophyllum, D. heterocarpum, D. fimbriatum, D. linearifolium, D. spathilingue, D. secundum, and D. plicatile. The results showed that only four species, i.e., D. macrophyllum, D. heterocarpum, D. fimbriatum, and D. linearifolium, that produced fruits after being pollinated. The subsequent in vitro propagation of seeds produced by the four species showed that the addition of organic matters of tomato extract, coconut water, and peptone significantly affected the germination of Dendrobium forma Bali orchid seeds, indicated by different germination rates. The addition of 20% coconut water to Vacin and Went (VW) media gave the highest percentages of seed germination and protocorm formation for D. macrophyllum, D. heterocarpum, and D. fimbriatum at 98.33% and 95.00%; 91.67% and 91.67%; and 95% and 98.33%, respectively. Our findings can serve as baseline information when developing conservation strategies of Dendrobium orchids from Bali, particularly from the aspect of propagation
Demarcation area between juvenile and mature wood in Elaeocarpus angustifolius
Authors: Rahayu Istie , Laksono Gilang , Darmawan Wayan , Maddu Akhirudin , Prihatini Esti
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Rahayu I, Laksono GD, Darmawan W, Maddu A, Prihatini E. 2021. Demarcation area between juvenile and mature wood in Elaeocarpus angustifolius. Biodiversitas 22: 2583-2590. Wood for use in building and industrial materials is generally supplied from plantations and natural forests. Timber demand has been increasing as the population grows, but the availability of timber from natural forests is declining. Therefore, to meet timber needs, wood from community forests is becoming a solution. Community forests are widely planted with fast-growing trees, such as Elaeocarpus angustifolius Blume. It offers the advantages of a short cutting cycle and large-diameter wood. This study aimed to determine the demarcation area between juvenile and mature wood on 6-year-old E. angustifolius based on anatomical, physical, and mechanical properties. The parameters used to determine the demarcation area included the following properties: anatomical (fiber length, cell wall thickness, and microfibril angle [MFA]), physical (moisture content and green density), and mechanical (modulus of elasticity [MOE], modulus of rupture [MOR], and hardness). Those parameters were measured from pith to bark. Data analyses were based on segmented linear regression models using PROC NLIN in SAS. Fiber length, cell wall thickness, green density, MOE, MOR, and hardness values increased from pith to bark. Results from the segmented linear regression models on anatomical properties allowed extrapolating that mature wood would begin at the 18 cm (based on fiber length), the 20 cm (based on cell wall thickness), and the 21 cm (based on MFA) distance from the pith. the proportion of juvenile wood in E. angustifolius was 100%. Fiber length, cell wall thickness, and MFA can be used to determine the transition point of juvenile wood and mature wood in E. angustifolius.
First report of characterisation and pathogenicity of bullet wood (Mimusops elengi) sudden decline disease by Ceratocystis in Indonesia
Authors: PRATAMA R. , Muslim A. , Suwandi S. , Damiri N. , Soleha S.
Published: May 2021

Ceratocystis manginecans causes wilt and death of plants in several important crops and native vegetation in Indonesia. Ceratocystis wilt was recently found to be causing substantial mortality in bullet wood (Mimusops elengi) in South Sumatra. The aim of this study was to describe the symptomatology of the new disease and characterise isolates of C. manginecans obtained from bullet wood plants. Affected plants showed substantial discoloration of the woody xylem and wilt-type symptoms of the foliage, with the eventual death of the whole plant. Isolations from infected trees yielded a fungus that was similar morphologically to C. manginecans, with typical hat-shaped ascospores and light-coloured perithecial bases. Sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and ?-tubulin of isolates confirmed their identification, grouping them with C. manginecans and separating them from all other Ceratocystis species. This is the first report of C. manginecans in Indonesia causing wilt and death on bullet wood. C. manginecans is an important pathogen, and strategies to reduce losses need to be established in Indonesia because the aggressiveness of C. manginecans to bullet wood has been shown in inoculation experiments
Predicting suitable areas for Baccaurea angulata in Kalimantan, Indonesia using Maxent modelling
Authors: Gunawan Gunawan , Sulistijorini Sulistijorini , Chikmawati Tatik , Sobir Sobir
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Gunawan, Sulistijorini, Chikmawati T, Sobir. 2021. Predicting suitable areas for Baccaurea angulata in Kalimantan, Indonesia Using MaxEnt Modelling. Biodiversitas 22: 2646-2653. Baccaurea angulata Merr. or ‘Belimbing Dayak’ is an underutilized fruit indigenous in Kalimantan. This species potentially used as edible fruit and medicinal plant. Unfortunately,  the forest conversion to oil palm and rubber plantations causes decreasing the habitat of B. angulata.  However, little is known about the occurrences and suitable habitat of B. angulata in Kalimantan. This investigation is might be the first study report on predicting the distribution of B. angulata in Kalimantan using MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy). The results show that four variables namely solar radiation in October, altitude,  precipitation of warmest quarter, and gloslope are significant factors determining B.angulata’s suitable habitat. The location of suitable habitat for  B. angulata is accordant with the real present distribution. The extent of potentially suitable area was significantly larger than the present occurrence of B. angulata in Kalimantan. The highest suitable areas identified in this study covered West Kalimantan and South Kalimantan. They included parts of SB (Sambas), LD (Landak), SG (Sanggau), SK (Sekadau) and BK (Bengkayang) of West Kalimantan Provinces, and TL (Tanah Laut), BN (Banjar) of South Kalimantan Provinces. The MaxEnt model performed better than random method with an Area Under Curve (AUC) value of 0.937 and it was statistically significant. It indicated that MaxEnt model was highly accurate and informative for habitat suitability of B. angulata. The predicted model of suitable areas can be used for management, monitoring, cultivation and future conservation of B. angulata.
Insertion of cellulase gene in yeast expression vector (pYY1 and pWYH257 Plasmid) as a candidate for cellulosic ethanol-producing strain
Authors: Muammar Arief , Oktaviana Indah , Chohansandhika Joseph , Handayani Niken Satuti Nur
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Muammar A, Oktaviana I, Chohansandhika J, Handayani NSN. 2021. Insertion of cellulase gene in yeast expression vector (pYY1 and pWYH257 Plasmid) as a candidate for cellulosic ethanol-producing strain. Biodiversitas 22: 2715-2721. Production of ethanol from cellulose-based materials often faces obstacles because it requires extensive pretreatment and large amounts of cellulase enzymes. Another method that is more efficient is by inserting cellulase genes from cellulolytic microorganisms such as Aspergillus niger which possess cellulase enzymes encoded by cbhA gene. This gene is inserted into the host which will then be used to produce candidate strains able to produce cellulosic ethanol. This study aimed to insert cbhA gene into vector with a strong promoter to form the candidate. Total RNA was isolated from Aspergillus niger and converted into cDNA. The cbhA gene is amplified from cDNA, then used as insert and inserted into yeast expression vector pYY1 and pWYH257. Vector and inserts were cut using restriction enzymes. Ligation products were transformed into competent cells of Escherichia coli DH10B, the transformation results were confirmed by Colony PCR. Recombinant plasmids were transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSc1. The results obtained from the study are that cbhA gene amplification has been successfully carried out by producing DNA bands with the size of 1514 bp as expected for the target gene. The gene was successfully inserted into pYY1 and pWYH257 vector and the recombinant pYY1 plasmid was successfully transformed into Saccharomyces cerevisiae INVSc1
Biometrics, distribution, and breeding notes of Savanna Nightjar (Caprimulgus affinis) in several islands of Indonesia
Authors: Widodo Wahyu , Sulistyadi Eko
Published: May 2021

Abstract. Widodo W, Sulistyadi E. 2021. Biometrics, distribution, and breeding notes of Savanna Nightjar (Caprimulgus affinis) in several islands of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 2756-2762. The Savanna Nightjar Caprimulgus affinis Horsfield, 1821, a member of the family Caprimulgidae, is a sexually dimorphic, insectivorous nightjar species commonly found in Southeast Asia, including Indonesia. A least-concern species, Savanna Nightjar has diverse habitats from grasslands to shrubs to high-rise rooftops in the middle of the city. Yet, its breeding habits, particularly in urban areas, remain obscure. The purpose of the research is to discuss the biometric measurement, distribution pattern and notes of the breeding of Savanna Nightjar, through analyzing 50 specimens originating from Java, Sumatra, Billiton, Borneo, and Nusa Tenggara Islands belonging to the Museum of Zoology Bogor (MZB) in Cibinong and through a series of observation. The morphological measurements of specimens include the measurements of the length of the bodies, the wings, the tails, the bills, and the tarsi. One-way ANOVA analysis showed that the length of the body and the tail of Savanna Nightjar in Nusa Tenggara are significantly longer than those of Savanna Nightjar in Java, Sumatra, Billiton, or Borneo islands. The biometric differences could have been contributed to different habitat characteristics. Additionally, it was found the likelihood of breeding habit of Savanna Nightjar in urban areas with that of the countrysides because of the resemblance of semi-natural ecosystems in the city such as artificial rivers, small lakes, and parks to Nightjar’s open landscape natural habitats, which facilitates the breeding habits. Still, the migration of Savanna Nightjar from open country-landscapes to the metropolitan areas remains elusive and requires a more detailed study