bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of means to improve productive health in dairy cattle breeding
Authors: Zuev Nikolay , Breslavets Valentina , Shumsky Vitaly , Breslavets Alexander , Furmanov Ivan
Published: October 2021

In this article the treatment method of osteodystrophy in cows by oral administration of mineral-sorption vitamin additive "Carbosil AD" (consisting of zeolite, bentonite, hydrated soluble silicon and calcium carbonate with forage forms of vitamins A and D) is studied. And its effect on haematological, hepatological, productive indicators, calcium deficiency.
Structure of parasite cenosis of endoparasitoses of ruminants
Authors: Klimova E.S. , Reshetnikova A.D. , Babintseva T.V. , Krylova T.G.
Published: October 2021

The infestation was studied and the structure of the parasite cenosis of ruminants of the Udmurt Republic was characterized. Over the period of several years of research (2016-2020), a diverse parasitophauna was identified. According to the results of the research, it was established that cattle is mainly invaded by Eimeria spp., nematodes of the Strongylata suborder, dicroceliosis dominates from trematode infestations. The maximum infection rate was noted by eimeriosis invasion, during the entire time of the studies it varied from 87.84 % to 77.73 %, which indicates a tendency to increase invasion and stationary problems of farms. The features of competitive relationships are clearly traced in hepatic flukes: dicrocoeliums and fascioles. Dicrocoeliotic invasion prevails on average by 32 %, which indicates a partial manifestation of antagonism.When analyzing the generic structure of the parasite complex of cattle, on average for five years, it was found that the largest share is occupied by Eimeria spp - 44.35, Strongylata - 30.52, Dicrocoelium - 17.52, Fasciola - 6.43, Eurythrema – 0.67 and Trichostrongylus – 0.51 are less represented. A retrospective epizootic analysis of parasitoses showed that sheeps, like cattle, have a diverse parasitophauna, but in the first case, the detection of monoinvasions is 3.5 times higher. In the structure of sheep parasite cenosis, similar indicators of infection with Eimeria spp, Strongyloides, Moniezia were found, generic indices ranged from 24.18 to 27.61. Strongylatosis of the gastrointestinal tract are replaced by Strongyloides. A significant change was also observed in the group of trematode infestations. Unlike cattle, fasciolosis prevails in sheep with a maximum value of 9.5 times in 2019, while dicroceliosis was not registered at all in 2017. In the sheep parasite complex, moniesiosis occupies the main share – 27.61, which may be related to the conditions of keeping, since sheeps are grazing for a long time and a meeting with intermediate hosts - oribatid mites is inevitable.
Effectiveness of various elements of grain cultivation technology
Authors: Popov Fedor A. , Noskova Evgeniya N. , Kozlova Lyudmila M.
Published: October 2021

The article presents the results of a long-term stationary three-factor experiment on sod-podzolic loamy soil to identify the effectiveness of various methods of basic and pre-sowing treatment of soil, the use of biological preparations in the technology of cultivating grain crops in six-field crop rotation. It was established that the most profitable elements of the technology in energy and economic terms will be: surface-cut treatment with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Azotovit and Phosphatovit biologics into the tillering stage of oat in a vetch-oat mixture for green feed; surface-cut treatment with KBM-4,2 cultivator or with pre-sowing treatment with a APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of Azotovite and Phosphatovite biological preparations into the soil before sowing winter rye for grain; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate for spring wheat; surface-cut treatment with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at tillering stage of oat in pea-oat mixture for grain-hay; ploughing with KPS-4 cultivator and introduction of Pseudobacterin-2 biopreparation at barley tillering stage; ploughing with pre-sowing treatment with APPN-2,1 combined aggregate and introduction of biologic preparation based on strain Streptomyces hygroscopicus A4 at oat tillering stage.
Methods of correcting stress adaptation of young cattle
Authors: Kuzmina I.Yu. , Kuzmin A.M.
Published: October 2021

For the first time in the conditions of the Magadan region, studies were carried out to study the effect of a new non-traditional feed additive (FA) of plant origin, consisting of kelp flour (Laminaria), lichen - alpine cladonia (Cladonia alpestris) and Icelandic cetraria (Cetraria islandica), introduced into the diets of mixed young cattle of meat direction, on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood, as well as the general resistance of young animals. It was found that the inclusion of a component feed additive in the diets of calves of the dairy period affects their growth and development, improves the physiological state, resistance of gobies in the experimental group, in comparison with the control one. This is reflected by an increase in the protein content in the blood serum of calves of the experimental group by 9.8 g / l (14.37%), hemoglobin by 0.2 g / dl (1.86%), lymphocytes by 1.2%, and a decrease in the content of leukocytes by 1.02 thousand / μl (9.57%) relative to young animals in the control group.
Analysis of metrological characteristics of elbow flowmeter under rotating state
Authors: Wang Yu , Li Ruiwei , Luo Lin , Ruan Lin
Published: October 2021

The application of elbow flowmeter in rotary equipments is beneficial to reduce the pipeline complexity. However, the intervention of centrifugal acceleration will lead to the change of metrological characteristics of elbow flowmeter. Based on the analysis of the differential pressure formation mechanism of the environmental acceleration on the elbow flowmeter, the calculation formula of the flow rate measurement with the elbow flowmeter in the rotating state is derived, and the fitting method of the discharge coefficient is put forward. The CFD method was used to analyze the internal flow field of the elbow flowmeter under rotating state, summarize the pressure distribution characteristics of the pipe wall, and verify the feasibility of the discharge coefficient fitting strategy by simulation. The results show that for the elbow flowmeters with diameters of 10 mm and 15 mm and the radius to diameter ratio of 1.5, as long as the water flow rate is between 1.5 m/s and 5 m/s, the measurement accuracy can be guaranteed to be above 4%.
Granulometric composition of electroerosive nichrome powders obtained by electrodispersion of alloy Cr15Ni60
Authors: Ageeva Ekaterina V. , Altuhov Alexader Yu. , Serebrovsky Vladimir I. , Kolmykov Valeryi I.
Published: October 2021

As a result of electroerosive dispersion of high-chromium steel in lighting kerosene, the results of studying the granulometric composition of powders were obtained. The studies carried out made it possible to establish that the size of the resulting pieces is on average 23.86 microns.
Professional responsibility in the aspect of road transport education
Authors: Bukalova Galina V. , Novikov Alexander N.
Published: October 2021

The modern functioning of the technical sphere of production is due to the development of post-industrial society. In the context of postindustrial development, the inevitable transition to free and responsible activity of individuals is predicted. In the concept of professional responsibility inherent in the post-industrial society, the moral and ethical sphere of engineering education of the motor transport profile is significantly highlighted. Based on the results of a multi-panel study conducted at the Department of Machine Service and Repair of Orel State University, a high level of actual significance of the competencies of university graduates, reflecting their readiness for professional responsibility, was established. In this regard, a scientific and pedagogical problem, little emphasized before, is formulated-the formation of a moral and ethical competence profile in the course of the educational process. The article presents a theoretical consideration of professional responsibility as a significant mechanism for regulating engineering activities in the aspect of the provisions of metaethics. The article analyzes the didactic characteristics of educational activities aimed at mastering the provisions of professional responsibility of engineering and technical workers of the motor transport complex by university students.
Wear of the PG-CP4 powder coating applied to HVG steel and subjected to laser treatment
Authors: Gusev Vladimir , Morozov Valentin , Morozov Alexey , Gavrilov Dmitry
Published: October 2021

The article considers the influence of the radiation power W, the longitudinal feed Spr of the laser beam and the distance L from the protective glass of the laser focusing head to the workpiece on the PG-CP4 powder coating absolute wear which was applied to HVG steel by plasma and subjected to laser treatment. A multi-factor model is established that relates the absolute wear of PG-CP4 coating to the input process factors and allows you to assign a laser treatment mode to provide the minimum wear of the processed surface layer. The greatest influence on coating absolute wear is provided by the longitudinal feed of laser beam, with which the wear increases. Compared to Spr, the influence of factor W on the coating absolute wear is 24% less, and the factor L influence is 4.4 times less. The minimum absolute wear of the coating occurs at W = 5 kW, Spr = 40 mm/s, L = 85 mm. The results of the research are recommended for use in enterprises that implement the processes of plasma and laser processing of materials, as well as in design organizations that develop modern technological laser systems.
Geographic information system for the accumulation and processing of data on road accidents
Authors: Novikov Alexander , Emelianov Ivan , Kolvah Andrey , Tarasov Alexey
Published: October 2021

The number of incidents unaccounted for in-state statistics is determined at 92.5%, and the problems arising as a result of such incidents are listed. The structure and interface of an application developed by the employees of the Southwestern State University, which is a geographic information system for accumulating and processing data on road accidents, is presented. A list of information that must be entered into the application is presented, as well as the ability to sort by the required parameters.
Thermal processes under explosive loading of amorphous alloy powders
Authors: Voloshin Yury , Zhemukhov Ruslan , Zhemuhova Marina
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the state of production of bulk amorphous and nanocrystalline materials. Conditions for the preservation of the “X-ray” amorphous state in compact materials obtained by explosive pressing of amorphous alloy powders are formulated. The two-front Stefan problem is solved and it is shown that the cooling rate of liquid layers on the contact surfaces of powder particles under explosive loading corresponds to the critical quenching rate of the formation of amorphous structures in metal alloys.
Microstructure and mechanical properties of 15-5 PH stainless steel under different aging temperature
Authors: Jin Chunhui , Zhou Honglin , Lai Yuan , Li Bei , Zhang Kewei , Chen Huiqin , Zhao Jinhua
Published: October 2021

The influence of aging temperature on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cr15Ni5 precipitation hardening stainless steel (15-5 PH stainless steel) were investigated at aging temperature range of 440–610 °C. The tensile properties at ambient temperature of the 15-5 PH stainless steel processed by different aging temperatures were tested, and the microstructural features were further analyzed utilizing optical microscope (OM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) as well as X-ray diffraction (XRD), respectively. Results indicated the strength of the 15-5 PH stainless steel was firstly decreased with increment of aging temperature from 440 to 540 °C, and then increased with the increment of aging temperature from 540 to 610 °C. The strength and ductility were well matched at aging temperature 470 °C, and the yield strength, tensile strength as well as elongation were determined to be 1170 MPa, 1240 MPa and 24%, respectively. The microstructures concerning to different aging temperatures were overall confirmed to be lath martensite. The strengthening mechanisms induced by dislocation density and the second phase precipitation of Cu-enriched metallic compound under different aging temperatures were determined to be the predominant strengthening mechanisms controlling the variation trend of mechanical properties corresponding to different aging temperatures with respect to 15-5 PH stainless steel.
Characterisation of different parts fromMoringa oleiferaregarding protein, lipid composition and extractable phenolic compounds
Authors: Owon Mostafa , Osman Mohamed , Ibrahim Awatif , Salama Mohamed Abdelbaset , Matthäus Bertrand
Published: October 2021

Fatty acids, amino acids, as well as total phenolic content and antioxidant activities, were presented fromMoringa oleiferadifferent parts (whole seeds, kernels, coats, pods and leaves). The investigated parts were a good source of protein (29.2, 37.8, 11.9, 10.1 and 22.8 g/100 g for whole seeds, kernels, coats, pods and leaves, respectively) with isoleucine, leucine, arginine, glycine, glutamine and tyrosine as amino acids in sufficient amount to meet the nutritional needs. Moringa seeds are also rich in oil. Oleic acid was the most abundant fatty acid in moringa seeds (66.2 and 65.8% for whole seeds and kernels, respectively). Leaves were rich in minerals such as P, K, Mg and Fe with the highest amount of total phenolic content. 70% ethanol, 80% methanol or water showed the highest yield with of total phenolic content from leaves reaching 11.8, 11.3 and 8.9 mg GAE/g, respectively. The lowest ED50 values were reported for extracts of leaves obtained by 70% ethanol and 80% methanol (0.51 and 0.54 mg), respectively, indicating more antioxidant activity than for the other solvents. For the ß-carotene-linoleic acid assay, leaves extract showed also the strongest effect for delaying the oxidation followed by extracts from pods and coats in a comparison with the control without antioxidants. From this comprehensive investigation of the different parts of MO, an assessment of the raw materials regarding their application as food is possible.
Die Bedeutung der Balint-Arbeit in Zeiten des Umbruchs in der
Medizin
Authors: Herzog Philipp
Published: October 2021

In den letzten 25 Jahren haben die meisten Länder der westlichen Welt
tiefgreifende Veränderungen ihrer Gesundheitssysteme erfahren. Die
Auswirkungen des sozio-ökonomischen Kontexts auf die
Balint-Gruppenarbeit wird herausgearbeitet. Die Ansätze von Enid und
Michael Balint werden verbunden mit den systemtheoretischen und
konstruktivistischen Modellen von Heinz von Förster und Kurt Buchinger.
Das von Förster’sche Modell der „trivialen
Maschine“ dient als Erläuterung, warum im modernen
kommerzialisierten Gesundheitswesen die Balint’schen „Typ
I-Patienten“ bevorzugt werden. „Typ II-Patienten“
hingegen werden entweder zu Typ I Patienten umdefiniert oder ganz aus dem System
eliminiert. Der Zusammenhang zwischen ökonomischem Druck und der
„Übersetzung“ von kranken Individuen in digitale
Algorithmen wird skizziert. Die Arzt-Patient-Beziehung wird als komplexer
Prozess in einem sozio-ökonomischern Kontext definiert, der
Balint‘sche Begriff der Gesamtdiagnose wird aufgegriffen. In dem so dem
entworfenen Modell kommt dem Leiter einer Balint-Gruppe die Aufgabe zu,
für die Teilnehmer als „Experte des Nicht-Wissens“ ein
Rollenmodell zu sein. Balint-Arbeit in diesem Sinne fördert die
„Expertise des Nicht-Wissens“ und ermöglicht so einen
verstehenden Zugang zu Typ II-Patienten, für die es in der digital
konzipierten modernen Medizin keine Theorie und daher nur mangelhafte
diagnostischen und therapeutische Perspektiven gibt.
Der zerrissene Kämpfer: Ein Fahrradunfall mit Schädel-Hirn-
Trauma (SHT)
Authors: Utech Michael
Published: October 2021

Die medizinische Anthropologie des Arztes und Mitbegründers der
Psychosomatik in Deutschland, Viktor von Weizsäcker (1886-1957), ist im
heutigen medizinischen Umfeld weitgehend vergessen oder unbekannt. Dieser
Umstand ist sicher auch der Tatsache geschuldet, dass v. Weizsäcker
keine klar umrissene „Schule“ gegründet hat und die
sprachlich und inhaltlich komplexen Texte eine anhaltende und intensive
Lektüre erfordern – in der modernen Arbeitswelt mit wenig
Zeitreserven eine schwer zu überwindende Hürde. Dennoch lohnt
sich das Wissen um das v. Weizsäcker’sche Denken ganz besonders
in Berufen, in denen Umgangsfragen, wie z. B. zwischen
Arzt/Therapeut und Patient, eine besondere Rolle spielen. Die
medizinische Anthropologie gibt dazu Hinweise und stellt Instrumente bereit, die
im Praxisalltag gewinnbringend Anwendung finden können.

Um einen groben Überblick über die medizinische Anthropologie zu
erhalten, werden im folgenden Beitrag zunächst einige grundlegende
Aspekte von zwei Kernkonzepten, dem „Gestaltkreis“ und das
„pathische Pentagramm“, mit seinen fünf Kategorien des
„Dürfens“, „Müssens“,
„Wollens“, „Sollens“ und
„Könnens“ kurz erörtert. Anschließend
wird die in dieser Hinsicht ganzheitlich orientierte Bewegungstherapie am
Beispiel eines Patienten vorgestellt, der nach einem schweren
Schädelhirntrauma u. a. an Schwindelzuständen und
chronischen unspezifischen Kopfschmerzen leidet. Es wird deutlich, in welcher
Weise das Gespräch und die sich wechselseitig beeinflussenden
Begegnungen zwischen den Protagonisten eine entscheidende Rolle spielen.
Illegale Drogenexpositionsfälle im Einzugsbereich des
Giftnotrufs Erfurt (2011 bis 2020)
Authors: Deters Michael , Liebetrau Gesine , Rau Friederike , Prasa Dagmar
Published: October 2021

Ziel der Studie Wegen starker Veränderungen in den letzten Jahren
wurden die illegalen Drogenexpositionsfälle der letzten 10 Jahre im
Einzugsbereich des Giftnotrufs Erfurt untersucht.

Methodik Retrospektive Analyse oben erwähnter Fälle von
2011 bis 2020 nach Drogenklassen, Symptomschwere, Altersgruppen und
Geschlecht.

Ergebnisse Illegale Drogenmissbrauchsfälle (4963, 2,8%
aller Expositionsfälle) stiegen kontinuierlich von 316 in 2011 auf 614
in 2015 an. Anschließend verringerte sich ihre Fallzahl auf 514 in 2017,
um auf 578 Fälle in 2019 erneut anzusteigen. Im Jahr 2020 gab es einen
leichten Rückgang auf 549 Fälle. Das Fallzahlverhältnis
des Misch- zu Einzelsubstanzkonsums erhöhte sich von 1,0 in 2011 auf 1,7
in 2020. Die Psychostimulantienexpositionsfälle verdoppelten sich von
2011 (168) bis 2020 (319). Expositionsfälle mit Neuen Psychoaktiven
Stoffen (NPS) nahmen von 21 in 2011 auf 126 in 2015 zu und sanken auf 16 in 2020
ab. 320 Drogenexpostionsfälle (6,5%) verliefen schwer, 1902
Fälle (38,3%) mittelschwer und 2139 Fälle
(43,1%) asymptomatisch oder leicht. Hauptsächlich betroffene
Altersgruppen waren Erwachsene mittleren (72,7%) und unbekannten Alters
(12,7%) sowie Jugendliche (12,1%). Männer
(69,9%) waren häufiger als Frauen (26,9%)
involviert.

Schlussfolgerung Die Drogenexpositionsfälle im Einzugsbereich des
Giftnotrufs Erfurt erhöhten sich diskontinuierlich von 2011 bis 2020
durch Anstieg des Mischkonsums. Der zwischenzeitliche Rückgang in den
Jahren 2016 und 2017 wurde durch die Abnahme der NPS-Fälle verursacht.
Daten zu Drogenexpositionsfällen von Giftnotrufzentralen könnten
offizielle Drogenberichte hinsichtlich klinisch-toxikologischer Aspekte
ergänzen.
Diastereoselective Synthesis of the ABCD Ring System of Rubriflordilactone B
Authors: Nicewicz David A. , Roth Hudson G.
Published: October 2021

A novel nine-step diastereoselective route to the ABCD ring system of the natural product rubriflordilactone B is reported. Use of an α-substituted butenolide derived from maleic anhydride facilitated a 1,4-conjugate addition to provide a diene. The order in which a ring-closing metathesis and enolate oxidation were performed on this compound dictated the relative stereochemistry of the target. The final product exhibited anisotropic effects during room-temperature NMR studies, requiring elevated-temperature experiments to confirm its identity.
Effect of Polymerization Time and Shade on the Depth of Cure of Nano-Hybrid Resin Composites
Authors: Jabr Noha Abdullah Bin , Al-Saidi Wacim Nassouh , Jabr Ibtessam Abdullah Bin , Al-Bounni Roula Safouh
Published: October 2021

Objective The effect of polymerization time and resin shade on the depth of cure (DOC) of two nano-hybrid resin composites (Filtek Z250 XT and IPS Empress Direct) was evaluated and compared.

Materials and Methods Sixty specimens were prepared from two shades (A1 and A3) of the resin composites. The specimens were allocated into two groups that were further divided into three subgroups depending on the polymerization time (20, 40, and 60 sec; n = 5). After that, the DOC was evaluated by calculating the polymerized part of the specimen’s thickness to the nearest (0.01 mm) using a high-accuracy micrometer. Each specimen was measured three times, and the corresponding mean reading (in mm) was divided by two to obtain the DOC. The data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 20. Descriptive statistics followed by three-way analysis of variance was applied. Multiple comparisons were made using Scheffe post hoc tests (α = 0.05).

Results Filtek Z250 XT-A1-60sec presented with the greatest DOC (7.42 ± 0.47 mm), and the lowest DOC was obtained with IPS Empress-A3-20sec (2.31 ± 0.21 mm). The mean DOC of Filtek Z250 XT and IPS Empress Direct resin composites were 6.18 mm and 3.59 mm, respectively. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) difference was observed between the resin composites. The interaction between independent factors, namely composites, resin shade, and polymerization time, revealed that interaction between them contributed significantly to the DOC (p ≤0.05). However, the interaction between resin shade and the polymerization time was insignificant (p = 0.148).

Conclusion Filtek Z250 XT demonstrated greater DOC than IPS Empress Direct resin composite. An increase in polymerization time significantly enhanced the DOC of the resin composites irrespective of the resin shade. Regardless of the resin composite tested, DOC was lower for darker shades (A3).
Successful Primary PCI in Stanford Type A Aortic Dissection Complicated by Inferior ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: A Case in a Facility with No Surgical Backup
Authors: Adiarto Suko , Kurnianingsih Novi , Prasetya Indra , Nugroho Faris W. , Uberoi Raman
Published: October 2021

Mortality of type A aortic dissection (TAAD) complicated with coronary malperfusion syndrome is very high even when emergency surgery is performed. Several reports suggested that primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) followed by immediate corrective surgery may reduce mortality. In many countries, immediate transfer to an aortic surgery center may not be possible. We report a case of TAAD complicated by coronary malperfusion successfully treated with PPCI followed by elective corrective surgery. A 48-year-old man was referred to emergency department with acute inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and underwent PPCI. During the procedure, we realized that the cause of STEMI was TAAD. We decided to continue because the patient experienced seizures and bradycardia. Subsequently, echocardiography and computed tomography confirmed the dissection. The patient was discharged and referred to the National Cardiovascular Center where he underwent successful elective surgery. In this patient, immediate revascularization was lifesaving and served as a bridging procedure before surgical correction.
Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Illness and COVID-19 Vaccination among Pregnant Women: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study during August–December 2020
Authors: Battarbee Ashley N. , Stockwell Melissa S. , Varner Michael , Newes-Adeyi Gabriella , Daugherty Michael , Gyamfi-Bannerman Cynthia , Tita Alan T. , Vorwaller Kelly , Vargas Celibell , Subramaniam Akila , Reichle Lawrence , Galang Romeo R. , Powers Emily , Lucca-Susana Miriam , Parks Mickey , Chen Tiffany J. , Razzaghi Hilda , Dawood Fatimah S.
Published: October 2021

Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate pregnant women's attitudes toward COVID-19 illness and vaccination and identify factors associated with vaccine acceptability.

Study Design This was a cross-sectional survey among pregnant women enrolled in a prospective COVID-19 cohort study in Salt Lake City, UT, Birmingham, AL, and New York, NY, from August 9 to December 10, 2020. Women were eligible if they were 18 to 50 years old and <28 weeks of gestation. Upon enrollment, women completed surveys regarding concerns about COVID-19 illness and likelihood of getting COVID-19 vaccine if one were available during pregnancy. Vaccine acceptability was defined as a response of “very likely” or “somewhat likely” on a 4-point Likert scale. Factors associated with vaccine acceptability were assessed with multivariable logistic regression.

Results Of 939 pregnant women eligible for the main cohort study, 915 (97%) consented to participate. Among these 915 women, 39% self-identified as White, 23% Black, 33% Hispanic, and 4% Other. Sixty-two percent received an influenza vaccine last season. Seventy-two percent worried about getting sick with COVID-19. If they were to get sick, 92% worried about harm to their pregnancy and 80% about harm to themselves. Only 41% reported they would get a vaccine. Of women who were unlikely to get vaccinated, the most frequently cited concern was vaccine safety for their pregnancy (82%). Non-Hispanic Black and Hispanic women had lower odds of accepting a vaccine compared with non-Hispanic White women (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] 0.4, 95% CI 0.2–0.6 for both). Receipt of influenza vaccine during the previous season was associated with higher odds of vaccine acceptability (aOR 2.1, 95% CI 1.5–3.0).

Conclusion Although most pregnant women worried about COVID-19 illness, <50% were willing to get vaccinated during pregnancy. Racial and ethnic disparities in plans to accept COVID-19 vaccine highlight the need to prioritize strategies to address perceived barriers among groups at high risk for COVID-19.

Key Points
Using molecular dopants to control the properties of metal halide perovskites
Authors: Kim Meeri
Published: October 2021

Recent progress in the use of organic molecular dopants for the manipulation of interface properties optimizes the design of perovskite solar cells.
Developing environmentally friendly refrigeration technologies using MnFePGe magnetocaloric materials
Authors: McConnon Aili
Published: October 2021

The correlation between covalent bond length, electronic density and magnetocaloric properties of MnFePGe
Lack of phase transitions in staggered magnetic systems. A comparison of uniqueness criteria
Authors: Fernández Roberto , González-Navarrete Manuel , Pechersky Eugene , Yambartsev Anatoly
Published: October 2021

We study a ferromagnetic Ising model with a staggered cell-board magnetic field previously proposed for image processing [Maruani et al., Markov Processes Relat. Fields 1, 419–442 (1995)]. We complement previous results on the existence of phase transitions at low temperature [González-Navarrete et al., J. Stat. Phys. 162, 139–161 (2016)] by determining bounds to the region of uniqueness of Gibbs measures. We establish sufficient rigorous uniqueness conditions derived from three different criteria: (1) Dobrushin criterion [R. Dobrushin, Theory Probab. Appl. 13, 197–224 (1968)], (2) disagreement percolation [J. van den Berg and C. Maes, Ann. Probab. 22, 749–763 (1994)], and (3) Dobrushin–Shlosman criteria [R. Dobrushin and S. Shlosman, in Statistical Physics and Dynamical Systems: Rigorous Results, edited by J. Fritz, A. Jaffe, and D. Szasz (Birkhauser, Basel, 1985)]. These conditions are subsequently solved numerically and the resulting uniqueness regions are compared.
Revisiting tissue tensegrity: Biomaterial-based approaches to measure forces across length scales
Authors: Boghdady Christina-Marie , Kalashnikov Nikita , Mok Stephanie , McCaffrey Luke , Moraes Christopher
Published: October 2021

Cell-generated forces play a foundational role in tissue dynamics and homeostasis and are critically important in several biological processes, including cell migration, wound healing, morphogenesis, and cancer metastasis. Quantifying such forces in vivo is technically challenging and requires novel strategies that capture mechanical information across molecular, cellular, and tissue length scales, while allowing these studies to be performed in physiologically realistic biological models. Advanced biomaterials can be designed to non-destructively measure these stresses in vitro, and here, we review mechanical characterizations and force-sensing biomaterial-based technologies to provide insight into the mechanical nature of tissue processes. We specifically and uniquely focus on the use of these techniques to identify characteristics of cell and tissue “tensegrity:” the hierarchical and modular interplay between tension and compression that provide biological tissues with remarkable mechanical properties and behaviors. Based on these observed patterns, we highlight and discuss the emerging role of tensegrity at multiple length scales in tissue dynamics from homeostasis, to morphogenesis, to pathological dysfunction.
The correlation between the covalent bonds and magnetocaloric properties of the Mn2−xFexPyGe1−yMz compounds
Authors: Zhang H. R. , Liu D. M. , Zhang Z. L. , Wang S. B. , Yue M. , Huang Q. Z. , Lynn J. W.
Published: October 2021

In recent years, MnFePGe magnetocaloric materials have been widely studied as promising candidates for magnetic refrigeration materials. The Curie temperature of MnFePGe can be adjusted to around room temperature by changing the element ratio or doping with other elements. Due to its first-order magnetic and structural transition, it engenders a large entropy change but unfortunately also exhibits a large thermal hysteresis during the phase transition, which leads to energy loss and lower refrigeration capability. In this paper, we establish a correlation between the in-plane covalent bonding and Curie temperature (TC), thermal hysteresis (ΔThys), two-phase coexistence zone (ΔTcoex), and entropy change (ΔSDSC) using 54 Mn2−xFexPyGe1−yMz (where M is a metallic or nonmetallic doped element) samples with different components. Neutron diffraction and XRD diffraction data and refinements have been employed to allow a detailed electron density reconstruction of six typical samples with the maximum entropy method. We find that the length of the in-plane bonding is closely correlated with the TC and ΔThys, while the TC, ΔThys, ΔTcoex, and ΔSDSC have no significant correlation with the length of the interlayer covalent bond. Moreover, we find that the ΔThys correlates most strongly with the change in the bond length when undergoing the paramagnetic-to-ferromagnetic phase transition rather than the absolute value of the bond length. These results provide an understanding of how to control the properties, enabling effective ways to tune the composition of magnetic refrigeration materials to tailor magnetocaloric properties for optimal performance.
Optimization on thermoelectric characteristics of indium tin oxide/indium oxide thin film thermocouples based on screen printing technology
Authors: Tian Bian , Cheng Gong , Zhang Zhongkai , Liu Zhaojun , Zhang Bingfei , Liu Jiangjiang , Li Le , Fan Xu , Lei Jiaming , Zhao Libo , Shi Peng , Lin Qijing , Jiang Zhuangde
Published: October 2021

In this work, indium tin oxide (ITO)/indium oxide (In2O3) thin film thermocouples (TFTCs) were prepared based on screen printing technology for high temperature measurement. With terpilenol as solvent, epoxy resin and polyether amine as binders and glass powders as additives, the ITO and In2O3 slurries were printed onto the Al2O3 substrate to form thermocouples. The effect on thermoelectric properties of the TFTCs with heat treatment and different contents of additives was investigated through microstructure observation and thermal cycle test. The static calibration experiment shows that the annealed TFTCs with 7.5 wt. % glass powders additives have the maximum Seebeck coefficient. The thermoelectric voltage output of the TFTCs can reach 126.5 mV at 1275 °C while the temperature difference is 1160 °C and the sensitivity of the TFTCs was 109.1 µV/°C. The drift rate of the TFTCs was 8.34 °C/h at a measuring time of 20 min at 1275 °C. The TFTCs prepared via screen printing technology with excellent thermoelectric properties and thermal stability are aimed to be a viable replacement for practical applications.
Time correlation functions for quantum systems: Validating Bayesian approaches for harmonic oscillators and beyond
Authors: Efremkin Vladislav , Barrat Jean-Louis , Mossa Stefano , Holzmann Markus
Published: October 2021

The quantum harmonic oscillator is the fundamental building block to compute thermal properties of virtually any dielectric crystal at low temperatures in terms of phonons, extended further to cases with anharmonic couplings, or even disordered solids. In general, Path Integral Monte Carlo or Path Integral Molecular Dynamics methods are powerful tools to determine stochastically thermodynamic quantities without systematic bias, not relying on perturbative schemes. Addressing transport properties, for instance calculating thermal conductivity from PIMC, however, is substantially more difficult. Although correlation functions of current operators can be determined by PIMC from analytic continuation on the imaginary time axis, Bayesian methods are usually employed for the numerical inversion back to real time response functions. This task not only strongly relies on the accuracy of the PIMC data but also introduces noticeable dependence on the model used for the inversion. Here, we address both difficulties with care. In particular, we first devise improved estimators for current correlations, which substantially reduce the variance of the PIMC data. Next, we provide a neat statistical approach to the inversion problem, blending into a fresh workflow the classical stochastic maximum entropy method together with recent notions borrowed from statistical learning theory. We test our ideas on a single harmonic oscillator and a collection of oscillators with a continuous distribution of frequencies and provide indications of the performance of our method in the case of a particle in a double well potential. This work establishes solid grounds for an unbiased, fully quantum mechanical calculation of transport properties in solids.
The intrinsic phenomena of cavitation and concentration in Riemann solutions for the isentropic two-phase model with the logarithmic equation of state
Authors: Sun Meina
Published: October 2021

The Riemann solutions for a simplified two-phase flow model with the logarithmic equation of state are obtained in fully explicit forms for all four possible different structures. The intrinsic phenomena of cavitation and concentration are identified and analyzed in the Riemann solutions by using the vanishing pressure limit in the mixture momentum equation. It is shown that the Riemann solution consisting of 1-rarefaction wave, 2-contact discontinuity, and 3-rarefaction wave converges to a solution made up of three different vacuum states together with the left and right states separated successively by four contact discontinuities as the perturbed parameter tends to zero. By comparison, the Riemann solution composed of 1-shock wave, 2-contact discontinuity, and 3-shock wave also tends to a solution consisting of a single delta shock wave in the vanishing pressure limit. In addition, it should be pointed out that Dirac delta measures are developed simultaneously in the densities of liquid and gas in the limiting situation.
Comment on “Solution of Schrödinger equation for two different potentials using extended Nikiforov–Uvarov method and polynomial solutions of biconfluent Heun equation” [J. Math. Phys. 59, 053501 (2018)]
Authors: Fernández Francisco M.
Published: October 2021

We analyze some polynomial solutions to the Schrödinger equation with a central-field potential derived recently by means of the so-called extended Nikiforov–Uvarov method. We show that this approach does not produce the spectrum of the non-relativistic quantum-mechanical model but merely some eigenvalues for particular values of the model parameters. In addition, the approach just mentioned appears to overlook the restrictions that reveal the problem as conditionally solvable.
Uniqueness of parameter estimates obtained from fitting free carrier absorption data of silicon wafers
Authors: Wang Qian , Wei Chenyang , Gong Lei , Wang Liguo , Li Yaqing , Tan Linqiu , Wang Wei
Published: October 2021

In this paper, a data processing method is employed to improve the uniqueness of the electronic transport parameters (the carrier lifetime, carrier diffusion coefficient, and front and rear surface recombination velocities) obtained from fitting free carrier absorption data of silicon wafers. By employing the mean square variance graph or map, the influence of initial values on multi-parameter estimation greatly decreases. Theoretical simulations are performed to investigate the dependence of the uniqueness of the estimated parameters on the number of free parameters by choosing different initial values during multi-parameter fitting. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the uniqueness of the fitted electronic transport parameters.
Photon correlations probe the quantized nature of light emission from optoelectronic materials
Authors: Lupton John M. , Vogelsang Jan
Published: October 2021

Even though the quantized interaction between light and matter in the photoelectric effect is considered one of the cornerstones in the development of quantum mechanics, it was long thought impossible to directly observe the quantized nature of light itself. The advent of light-intensity autocorrelation techniques in the 1950s, first developed to study the size of stars, changed little in this perception, until true single-photon correlation spectroscopy from trapped ions was proven to be possible in the late 1970s: Photons from a single quantum emitter tend to arrive in bunches, but each light quantum is spaced apart in time—it is antibunched. Initially considered only as the workhorse of atomic quantum optics, over the past two decades, photon correlation techniques have become a standard in fields as diverse as quantum-information processing, biological imaging, polymer physics, and materials science, in general. The technique is particularly useful for probing materials that are specifically designed to emit or absorb light in optoelectronic devices, such as light-emitting diodes, solar cells, or lasers. The central question in such studies is how large a mesoscopic piece of material can become and still behave as an atom-like source of single photons. What interactions may arise between multiple excitations within a material, and what sort of dark states may give rise to intermittency in the stream of photons? We review the many different classes of optoelectronic materials for which photon-correlation spectroscopy has proven to offer useful insight into excited-state dynamics, ranging from molecular, over semiconductor to metallic nanostructures. The technique is particularly suited to probing mesoscopic aggregates of organic semiconductors since each single molecule acts as a quantum emitter itself.
Molecular dopants: Tools to control the electronic structure of metal halide perovskite interfaces
Authors: Zhang Fengyu , Smith Hannah L. , Kahn Antoine
Published: October 2021

In the standard configurations of metal halide perovskite solar cell, the active layer, or absorber, follows a p-i-n or n-i-p electronic structure that is designed to enhance the separation and extraction of photo-induced charge carriers. The control of the Fermi level position across the film, between electron and hole transport layers, is therefore of paramount importance. Direct localized doping in metal halide perovskites being still elusive, the design of n-i-p and p-i-n structures has so far relied predominantly on surface and interface doping of the perovskite as well as on the control of the work function of the substrate and transport layers on which, or between which, the absorber is being placed. We provide here a short review of that work, emphasizing the fundamental studies of electronic structure performed on systems modified with organic molecular dopants. The review starts with a justification for the effectiveness of interface doping, based on the ability to move the Fermi level across the gap of the perovskite. We then review work done on the deposition of molecular oxidants and reductants on perovskite surfaces, including the mitigation of the surface states, and the impact of these dopants on energy level alignment with substrate and charge transport layers. The second part of the review focuses on the use of molecular dopants to either modify the work function of electron or hole transport layers to establish the boundary conditions for a p-i-n or n-i-p structure, or to enhance the conductivity of these layers in order to facilitate charge carrier extraction. Final considerations are also given on recent work on bulk doping of the perovskite layer with molecular dopants.
Characterization of density scanning experiments with NBI and LHW on EAST
Authors: Zhong Fubin , Zhang Tao , Yang Yao , Wen Fei , Wu Mingfu , Huang Jia , Zhang Xuexi , Wu Xiaohe , Li Gongshun , Geng Kangning , Liu Yukai , Xiang Haoming , Ye Kaixuan , Han Xiang , Gao Xiang
Published: October 2021

This paper presents the results of the density scanning experiment on the 2018 EAST campaign to study the effect of gas fueling on energy confinement of the ELMy H-mode. The experiment is carried out in a USN configuration, with neutral beam and lower hybrid wave heating and gas fueling, with the upper triangularity δup ∼ 0.47. The total stored energy, H98, and βN decrease with normalized density. Compared to the variations in temperature at the pedestal, the core temperature decreases more significantly for both Te and Ti, leading to a large reduction in core pressure and an increase in the pedestal electron collisionality ν*e,ped. The increase in ν*e,ped could reduce the pedestal current and result in a decrease in the value of q in the core region. It was observed that the frequency of type I ELMs increases with density and the edge localized mode size becomes smaller at high density plasma. An m/n = 2/2 tearing mode was observed at the core of the plasma and can coexist with a sawtooth at low density plasma while this tearing mode disappeared at high gas fueling plasma. The reversal radius of the sawtooth (where q = 1) moves toward the magnetic axis as density increases. The degradation in performance with density may be due to two reasons: the more monotonic shear q profile and the weakening of the stabilizing effect of fast ions on ion temperature gradient modes at high density by D2 gas fueling. It seems that there is a strong link between core transport and pedestal parameters which are influenced by gas fueling, resulting in a significant degradation of energy confinement.
Electrodeposition of Cu(111) onto a Ru(0001) seed layer for epitaxial Cu interconnects
Authors: Gusley Ryan R. , Cumston Quintin , Coffey Kevin R. , West Alan C. , Barmak Katayun
Published: October 2021

The electrodeposition of Cu onto epitaxial Ru(0001) seed layers was investigated from a sulfuric acid-based solution containing dilute copper(II) sulfate and chloride ions. Using galvanostatic deposition at −350 μA/cm2, Cu was deposited epitaxially onto a 30 nm-thick Ru(0001) seed layer, despite a compressive misfit strain between −6.9% and −8.3%, depending on the extent of strain relaxation of the Ru layer. However, rather than depositing as a single crystal, Cu grew as a bicrystal having a common out-of-plane orientation of Cu(111) and two equivalent in-plane orientations. The Cu grain size was large, on the order of micrometers, and the grain boundaries were identified as incoherent ∑3{211} twin boundaries. The Cu initially grew as isolated islands, coalescing into a contiguous film at thicknesses around 50 nm. The Cu film was rough, and thickness and coverage varied over the electrodeposited region. After the initial island growth, Cu void fraction and film roughness both decreased with thickness as the deposit transitioned into a planar film with nanometric islands growing on the film surface. However, at thicknesses exceeding 200 nm, anisotropic growth of large, faceted Cu islands on the planar Cu film again increased the surface roughness. The epitaxially deposited Cu bicrystal showed an improvement in resistivity when compared with polycrystalline Cu similarly electrodeposited onto a polycrystalline Ru seed.
Ground-state energy of quasi-free positrons in non-polar fluids
Authors: Cheng Eve , Cocks Daniel , McEachran Robert P.
Published: October 2021

We have calculated the background energy (V0) for positrons in noble gases with an ab initio potential and the Wigner–Seitz (WS) ansatz. In contrast to the general pseudo-potential approach, we have used accurate ab initio potentials for the positron–atom interaction. The ansatz includes an assumed form of the potential, resulting from an average over fluid atoms, and we propose four different options for this. By comparing the different options to literature data for an effective electron number (Zeff), we find that agreement can be obtained for light elements but fails for heavy elements. We suspect that the strong polarizability of the heavy elements makes the simple potential averaging, as assumed in the WS model, insufficient to fit the measurements without also making use of pseudo-potentials. We also raise our suspicion that the comparison of annihilation rates between ground-state calculations and experimental values is not appropriate. Furthermore, the congruence of V0 to Zeff values predicted by a contact potential approximation appears to be invalidated by our results.