bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Az OECD oktatáspolitikai tevékenységének fejlődése
Authors: Kádárné Fülöp Judit
Published: January 2022

Összefoglaló. A tanulmány bemutatja az OECD kutatási és
oktatáspolitikai tevékenységét a kezdetektől napjainkig. Elvezet a CERI
megalakulásától az INES program keretében létrehozott oktatási indikátorrendszer
fejlődési fázisain át az OECD által szervezett nagy mérési programokig.
Betekintést nyújt a különböző OECD-programokban történő magyar részvételről.
Befejezésül felteszi a kérdést, hogy volt-e, van-e haszna a magyar oktatásügynek
az OECD oktatással kapcsolatos tevékenységeiben való részvételből. Megállapítja,
hogy az OECD tevékenysége sokféleképpen hat az oktatáspolitikára. Egyrészt
adatokat szolgáltat az egyes országokban folyó oktatáspolitikák elemzéséhez és
összehasonlításához, másrészt eszköz az oktatási rendszer lényegi kérdéseit
érintő társadalmi és oktatáspolitikai viták tárgyszerűbbé tételéhez és
depolitizálásához.

Summary. The paper gives an overview of OECD’s policy related
activities in education from the beginnings to recent developments. Early CERI
programmes aimed to find solutions to the most pressing problems of education
systems by reviewing good practices across OECD countries. At the request of
countries, the INES programme was established in the late 1980-ies with the aim
to develop an indicator system that can describe the main characteristics of
education systems, and evaluate education policies. It is shown that by
standardizing international education statistics and by developing new data
sources like PISA, TALIS and PIAAC, OECD has established the largest database
available for education policy analysis. Working with the networks of experts
from the participating countries OECD could generate meaningful debates on
education both within and between countries. Together with policy makers, OECD
helps countries identify systemic education problems and learn the use of
statistical evidence in discussing and framing education policy.
Pharmaceutical patent term extension and patent prosecution in Brazil (1997-2018)
Authors: Mercadante Eduardo , Paranhos Julia
Published: January 2022

In Brazil, if patent prosecution takes more than 10 years, this extra period is added to the regular 20-year term. This paper analyses all pharmaceutical patents granted by the Brazilian National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI) with term extension and later discusses some intellectual property and health policy implications. On average, pharmaceutical patent applications wait seven years after substantive examination is requested before being examined, which takes only three and a half years. Furthermore, the role of the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (Anvisa) in providing prior consent has a marginal effect in prolonging the prosecution. Therefore, the extension of pharmaceutical patents’ term is caused by the number of pending applications per examiner, which halts the prosecution for double the time it takes to examine the applications. Thus, proper solutions should focus on reducing the backlog per examiner at the INPI, which has caused the extension of 92% of the pharmaceutical patents in three and a half years, on average. We concluded that the Brazilian pharmaceutical patenting policy is biased towards the patentee. This imbalance will only be effectively corrected when the INPI is financially and administratively autonomous to reduce the ratio between the pharmaceutical patent application backlog and the number of examiners.
Hesitação vacinal para influenza entre trabalhadores(as) da saúde, Bahia, Brasil
Authors: Souza Fernanda de Oliveira , Werneck Guilherme Loureiro , Pinho Paloma de Sousa , Teixeira Jules Ramon Brito , Lua Iracema , Araújo Tânia Maria de
Published: January 2022

Resumo: A Organização Mundial da Saúde reconhece a hesitação vacinal como uma das dez maiores ameaças à saúde pública no mundo. Este estudo investigou a associação entre confiança, conveniência e complacência e a hesitação vacinal para influenza entre trabalhadores(as) do setor saúde. Foram incluídos 453 trabalhadores(as) de serviços de atenção primária e média complexidade de uma cidade de médio porte do estado brasileiro da Bahia. Foram considerados hesitantes em vacinar aqueles que não receberam vacina para influenza em 2019. Modelos de equações estruturais foram utilizados para avaliar interrelações entre variáveis preditoras de interesse e hesitação vacinal. Um quarto dos(as) trabalhadores(as) (25,4%) hesitaram em se vacinar para influenza. Menor confiança (coeficiente padronizado - CP = 0,261; p = 0,044) e maior complacência (CP = 0,256; p < 0,001) associaram-se significativamente à hesitação vacinal. A conveniência não esteve associada à hesitação vacinal. Trabalhadores(as) não assistenciais, da média complexidade e do sexo masculino referiram menor acolhimento pelo profissional que administrava as vacinas. O medo de agulhas associou-se à menor confiança e à hesitação vacinal. História de reação vacinal não esteve associada diretamente com hesitação vacinal, mas associou-se à maior complacência, isto é, menor percepção do risco de doenças imunopreveníveis. Por ser uma vacina recomendada anualmente, a hesitação vacinal para influenza pode contribuir para aumentar a carga da doença na população. Os dados sustentam a hipótese de que fatores relacionados à confiança e complacência produzem prejuízos na aceitação desta vacina, devendo ser considerados no desenvolvimento de estratégias e ações para maior adesão à vacinação.
Influence of nitrogen fertilization in mother plants on the growth and quality of clonal seedlings of Coffea canephora ‘Robusta’ plants
Authors: Kolln Alana Mara , Espindula Marcelo Curitiba , Araújo Larissa Fatarelli Bento de , Campanharo Marcela , Rocha Rodrigo Barros , Lourenço João Luiz Resende
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT: The nutritional management of the coffee clonal garden influences the production and physiological quality and seedlings production of vegetative propagules. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the seedlings’ production from clonal cuttings taken from Coffea canephora mother plants grown with increasing nitrogen mineral doses. The cuttings were taken from C. canephora var. botany Robusta, from the Embrapa Genetic Improvement Program of Rondônia. The mother plants received nitrogen fertilizer at different doses: 0 (Control); 50; 100; 150; 200; 250 and 300 kg of N per hectare divided into 4 applications, during 150 days of orthotropic stems growth (shoots). The following parameters were evaluated: Dry mass of cuttings, nutritional content of cuttings, and seedlings production, with growth analysis at 0, 48, 61, 80, 101, 122, 143, and 164 days after staking (DAS) and analysis of vegetative characteristics at 122 DAS. The nitrogen fertilization in the mother plant resulted in the variation of macronutrient accumulation in cuttings, but the order K> N> Ca> P> Mg> S was maintained, regardless of N dose. In addition, a positive correlation between nitrogen doses and dry matter accumulation, as well as the physiological quality of seedlings was identified.
Comparative susceptibility of Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) and Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to insecticides
Authors: Buss Nayara , Restelatto Samanta Souza , Contini Rafael Ermenegildo , Bueno Adeney de Freitas , Bernardi Oderlei , Boff Mari Inês Carissimi , Franco Cláudio Roberto
Published: January 2022

ABSTRACT: Chrysodeixis includens (Walker) and Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner are important soybean defoliators. The chemical control of A. gemmatalis has been easier and more effective than that of C. includens. It is hypothesized that C. includens is natural tolerant to insecticides. This study quantified and compare the susceptibility of C. includens and A. gemmatalis to the insecticides flubendiamide, methomyl, and spinetoram. A susceptible population of each species, maintained under laboratory conditions without insecticides selection pressure for more than 17 generations, was used. Ingestion bioassays using five to eight concentrations of each insecticide applied on the artificial diet surface were used to estimate the LC50 and LC99 (LC = Lethal Concentration). The tolerance ratio (TR) was calculated by dividing the LC50 or LC99 of the most tolerant species by the respective value of the most susceptible species. Chrysodeixis includens was more tolerant to all insecticides tested than A. gemmatalis, with TR50 values of 45.9-, 10.0- and 2.6-fold for methomyl, flubendiamide, and spinetoram. These findings indicated that the risk of evolution of resistance may be higher for C. includens than A. gemmatalis due to differential survival when exposed to the same dose of insecticide applied in soybean fields. Therefore, to improve the control of both species, integrated pest management (IPM) and insect resistance management (IRM) strategies should be considered to avoid control failures in field conditions.
Reparo de lesão vascular não letal causada por tamanduá-bandeira (Myrmecophaga tridactyla) no Brasil
Authors: Grillo Vinicius Tadeu Ramos da Silva , Jaldin Rodrigo Gibin , Wakasugui William , Sembenelli Marcelo , Haddad Júnior Vidal
Published: January 2022

Resumo O tamanduá-bandeira é um mamífero encontrado na América Central e na América do Sul. Esse animal possui garras que podem chegar a 6,5 cm de comprimento, utilizadas para escavar formigueiros e obter alimento, além de servir para sua defesa. Relatamos o caso de paciente masculino de 52 anos, com histórico de epilepsia, que foi levado desacordado ao pronto-socorro, devido a lesões no seu braço direito causadas por um tamanduá. Frente à suspeita de trauma vascular, o paciente foi submetido a exploração cirúrgica, que evidenciou uma lesão combinada de vasos braquiais, submetida a reparo. Apresentou boa evolução do quadro, recebendo alta hospitalar no segundo dia de pós-operatório e, no seguimento ambulatorial, evoluiu sem sequelas neurológicas ou vasculares.
Percepção positiva e eficácia das meias de compressão na prevenção de edema em membros inferiores de gestantes
Authors: Saliba-Júnior Orlando Adas , Rollo Hamilton Almeida , Saliba Orlando , Sobreira Marcone Lima
Published: January 2022

Resumo Contexto A gravidez é caracterizada por mudanças fisiológicas que podem contribuir para o desenvolvimento de varizes, insuficiência venosa e edema das pernas. Objetivos Avaliar o efeito das meias de compressão em edema de membros inferiores e a percepção sobre o uso por gestantes. Métodos Trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado, controlado, prospectivo, paralelo e cego realizado com 60 mulheres grávidas distribuídas aleatoriamente em dois grupos: grupo intervenção (n = 30), que usou meias de compressão, e grupo controle (n = 30). Foram realizadas medições padronizadas de tornozelo e panturrilha, empregando-se fita métrica, em todos os 120 membros inferiores. No final do estudo, foi aplicado também um questionário para verificação das dificuldades e vantagens percebidas com relação ao uso das meias de compressão. Resultados As gestantes do grupo intervenção apresentaram aumento significativamente menor (p < 0,05) nos diâmetros de panturrilha e tornozelo em relação ao grupo controle. As diferenças médias, no início e no final da gestação, nos diâmetros de panturrilha direita, panturrilha esquerda, tornozelo direito e tornozelo esquerdo foram de, respectivamente, 0,30 cm, 0,30 cm, 0,15 cm e 0,15 cm no grupo intervenção e 1,95 cm, 1,95 cm, 1,73 cm e 1,87 cm no grupo controle. A maioria das gestantes não teve dificuldade para utilizar as meias de compressão, e todas relataram que sentiram diferença nos sintomas das pernas e que usariam as meias novamente. Conclusões As meias de compressão foram eficazes na prevenção de edema em membros inferiores de gestantes, as quais apresentaram percepção positiva quanto à sua utilização.
Rede Cegonha: maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes related to prenatal consultations at intermediate risk
Authors: Brito Franciele Aline Machado de , Moroskoski Marcia , Shibawaka Bianca Machado Cruz , Oliveira Rosana Rosseto de , Toso Beatriz Rosana de Oliveira Gonçalves , Higarashi Ieda Harumi
Published: January 2022

Abstract Objective: to analyze the correlation between maternal characteristics and perinatal outcomes, with the number of prenatal consultations performed. Method: a cross-sectional study, carried out with 1,219 mothers and newborns stratified as intermediate risk according to the Programa Rede Mãe Paranaense, adaptation of the Rede Cegonha at the state level. Data were collected from the Birth Certificates. Spearman, Wilcoxon and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to analyze the correlation between the variables of interest. Results: married women, with higher education, white and aged 30 years or older were the ones who most attended prenatal consultations. With regard to perinatal outcomes, children whose mothers had more frequent prenatal consultations had better Apgar and birth weight scores. High rates of cesarean delivery were identified before the onset of labor. Conclusion: maternal characteristics influence the process of adherence to prenatal care, impacting perinatal outcomes, indicating the relevance of these risk factors and the need to improve actions aimed at greater compliance with risk stratification and qualified and resolute care for pregnant women at intermediate risk.
OS CONTRASTES DE CIÇA: EXPLORANDO OS ETHÉ DA CARTUNISTA BRASILEIRA
Authors: Carmelino Ana Cristina , Ramos Paulo
Published: January 2022

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é mostrar a construção dos ethé de Ciça, cartunista que se tornou conhecida pela série de tiras cômicas de O Pato, publicada durante os anos da Ditadura Militar brasileira (1964-1985) no jornal Folha de S.Paulo. Embora seja considerada uma das principais desenhistas de histórias em quadrinhos do Brasil, não há muitas referências a ela, dado que justifica este artigo. Os pressupostos teóricos que fundamentam a análise advêm da Retórica e Nova Retórica, especialmente a partir da noção de ethos, que constitui a imagem que orador constrói de si e dos outros no discurso. Como corpus de estudo, são utilizados principalmente textos de apresentação presentes em suas obras e entrevistas concedidas pela cartunista.
Signos do vestuário de enfermeira na formatura
Authors: Peres Maria Angélica de Almeida , Almeida Regina Lucia Muniz de , Santos Fernanda Batista Oliveira , Cordeiro Gisele Fernandes Tarma , Santos Tânia Cristina Franco , Peters Angela Aparecida
Published: January 2022

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os uniformes usados na cerimônia de formatura de enfermeiras e seus significados para a identidade profissional. Método Estudou-se uma escola de enfermagem de Minas Gerais, no período de 1947 até 1964. Pesquisa qualitativa, histórico-social, mediante a qual foram analisados documentos escritos, fotográficos e orais, considerando as bases conceituais de identidade profissional, do sociólogo Claude Dubar, e de vestuário e seus significados simbólicos, de Roland Barthes. Resultados O uniforme das enfermeiras, usado na formatura, possuía signos de identidade institucional e profissional. Foi constituído pelo clássico vestido branco, com touca e outros acessórios. Conclusões e implicações para a prática O uniforme de formatura de enfermeiras correspondeu aos avanços da moda e da cientificidade, configurando-se uma marca na construção do papel e consolidação da identidade profissional, contribuindo para a identificação de uma categoria profissional em formação.
Fotobiomodulação com laser de baixa potência na função mastigatória e nos movimentos mandibulares em adultos com disfunção temporomandibular: revisão sistemática com metanálise
Authors: Máximo Camila Fonsêca Guedes Pereira , Coêlho Julyane Feitoza , Benevides Silvia Damasceno , Alves Giorvan Ânderson dos Santos
Published: January 2022

RESUMO Objetivo Revisar os efeitos da Fotobiomodulação com Laser de Baixa Potência na função mastigatória e nos movimentos mandibulares, em adultos com Disfunção Temporomandibular. Estratégia de pesquisa Busca nas bases de dados PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane, Lilacs, Science Direct e Google Scholar, utilizando os descritores: “temporomandibular joint disorders”, “low level light therapy”, “low level laser therapy”, “mastication” e “mandible”. Critérios de seleção Ensaios clínicos randomizados envolvendo adultos com Disfunção Temporomandibular, que utilizaram laser de baixa potência e avaliaram a mastigação e os movimentos mandibulares. Análise dos dados Inicialmente realizou-se a leitura dos títulos e resumos de todos os estudos encontrados. Em seguida, apenas os estudos selecionados na primeira etapa foram lidos na íntegra e avaliados quanto à elegibilidade. Após a seleção, foram analisadas as características dos estudos incluídos, bem como a sua qualidade metodológica e da evidência. Na metanálise, a média da amplitude de abertura de boca foi considerada como medida de efeito da intervenção. Resultados Verificou-se que os dez artigos incluídos apresentaram resultados muito distintos entre si, principalmente com relação à amplitude de abertura de boca, sendo a mastigação avaliada em apenas um deles. A maioria dos estudos apresentou alto risco de viés, demonstrando uma baixa qualidade metodológica. Considerando os seis estudos incluídos na metanálise, foram identificados resultados significativamente superiores para a fotobiomodulação. Conclusão Devido à escassez na literatura, não há evidências suficientes para os efeitos da fotobiomodulação com laser de baixa potência na mastigação. Já nos movimentos mandibulares, notou-se que essa intervenção apresentou resultados significativos, principalmente para o desfecho de amplitude de abertura de boca.
Evaluating the sustainability of hotels using multi-criteria decision making methods
Authors: Wang Chia-Nan , Nguyen Hoang-Phu
Published: January 2022

Sustainable tourism has become a global concern in recent years. An approach is proposed to evaluate the sustainability of hotels and to compare their real actions and promotions. Following a study of relevant literature, a set of criteria for so-called green hotels was proposed. Multi-criteria decision making methods were then used, including the best–worst method to calculate the weights of all criteria, and the fuzzy technique-for-order-of-preference-by-similarity-to-ideal-solution method was then implemented to rank sustainability performance. The proposed model was applied to evaluate five hotels in Vietnam. The results showed that the criterion named ‘green policy and regulation’ played the most significant role in the sustainability practice of hotels. Sensitivity analysis was also applied to validate the research framework and eliminate the effects of bias. The proposed model is recommended for use in various other fields.
Waste management of grits as filler in gypsum plasters: a new approach
Authors: Souza Saulo V. M. , Tolosa Gabrieli R. , Bacarin Giovani B. , Dognani Guilherme , Okimoto Fernando S. , Cabrera Flávio C. , Job Aldo E.
Published: January 2022

The reuse of industrial waste plays a crucial role in avoiding environmental impacts caused by incorrect disposal. Industrial production commonly generates huge volumes of wastes, and also increased costs associated with waste management and landfills maintenance. This study investigates the reuse of grit waste, from the cellulose kraft industry, as filler in gypsum plaster. Samples were prepared in proportions of 100/0, 85/15, 75/25 and 50/50 gypsum/grits and tested at 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. The mechanical resistance with incorporation of up to 25 wt% grit as filler is greater than that recommended in the regulatory standards. Flexural and compression strength tests for 15 wt% of gypsum replaced achieved values of 4.5 and 8.3 MPa, respectively. The manufacture of gypsum/grit is a viable solution for waste management and has great potential for enabling fabrication of gypsum plaster board, a low-cost and more sustainable new material.
Implementation of International Standards on Auditing by the Brazilian Courts of Auditors
Authors: Estevam Taciana Camila Witcoski , Rodrigues Juliana Daniela , Silva Leandra da
Published: January 2022

This study aimed to analyze the process of implementation of international auditing standards by the Brazilian Courts of Auditors (TCs), through exploratory research and survey, using two questionnaires, with open and closed questions, sent to all TCs and institutions that support their activities. The survey results showed different movements made by the TCs in adhering to the rules, in line with previous research on the practices of Brazilian audit courts and of the Supreme Audit Institutions. Of the 20 TCs responding (61% of the total), 60% started the process of implementing the standards, but only 10% concluded. The international auditing standards whose implementation is more advanced are the NBASP 20 and 30, which bring the principles of transparency and accountability together with the management of ethics by the TCs. The findings regarding the wide availability of training on the subject, the support provided by organizations, and the absence of the need to use financial resources for implementation by the bodies that completed the process, raise doubts about the motivations of the TCs that did not initiate the process. Despite the efforts made to qualify the performance of the TCs, there seems to be a long way to go towards completing the implementation in the country due to the lack of forecast by most respondents.
Phenotypic and genetic variability induced in Lehmann’s love grass (Eragrostis lehmanniana) through gamma irradiation
Authors: Álvarez-Holguín Alan , Morales-Nieto Carlos R. , Avendaño-Arrazate Carlos H. , Corrales-Lerma Raúl , Villarreal-Guerrero Federico
Published: January 2022

This study assessed the morphological and nutritional diversity induced through gamma irradiation in Lehmann’slove grass. Seed were irradiated at doses of 0, 100, 200, 300, 450, 600, 900, and 1400 Gy. Ten agronomic traits relatedwith forage quality were evaluated and used to select the mutants, which were confirmed by cluster analysis andmultivariate analysis of variance and then characterized by nutritional and molecular characterization. Mutants with16–20% less (p<0.05) lignin and 36–68% more protein content than the control genotype were found. Genetic distances of 0.38 and 0.49 also revealed differences (p<0.05) between the mutants and control genotype. The phenotypic and genetic variability, induced through gamma irradiation, resulted in the identification of two first generation mutants with outstanding agronomic traits and nutritional quality.
Nutritive value of forages and diets in some small-scale dairy farms in Kiambu County, Kenya in the short rains season
Authors: Crovetto Gianni Matteo , Magnoli Francesco , Chiaravalli Maria , Njeru Timoty , Gitau Jhon Waweru , Colombini Stefania
Published: January 2022

Sixteen selected small-scale dairy farms were investigated in Kiambu County (Kenya) during the short rains seasonto develop a snapshot of the types of rations fed, milk yields obtained and sources of fodder. On average farmers had1 ha of land and 2.2 lactating cows yielding 8.93 kg milk/cow/d with feed intake of 10.5 kg DM/d. Only 35% of feedconsumed was produced on farm. Boma Rhodes grass hay and green Napier grass were the main forage components(37.9 and 28.3% of total DM). Protein forages used were the herbaceous legumes lucerne and desmodium (19.9 and15.9% CP, respectively) and leguminous shrubs (Leucaena, Calliandra and Sesbania with 21.1% CP and 43.4%aNDFom, on average). Grasses had higher aNDFom digestibility (47.1%) than legumes (39.7%). Napier grass, BomaRhodes grass, lucerne and desmodium had fiber digestibility of 51.9, 48.6, 46.8 and 32.6%, respectively. The energyand protein balances (actual vs. requirements) of the cows were on average -19.3 and -16.4%, respectively, indicatingthat cows utilized body tissues to produce the levels of milk obtained. Mutiple correspondence analysis showed that amilk yield higher than 9.1 kg/d was associated with a level of Boma Rhodes grass <5 kg DM/d, concentration of nonfibrous carbohydrates in the diet >22.0% (DM basis), concentrate level >2.63 kg/cow/d and CP% in the ration >9.1%. To improve milk yields during this season farmers should harvest grass forage at a younger age, include leguminous forage in the diets and increase the level of concentrates fed. These strategies should be demonstrated on farms to show possible benefits.
Increasing access to education for refugees in Uganda
Authors: Mugerwa-Sekawabe Muyenga
Published: January 2022

This article investigates the scope of the right to education as enjoyed by refugees in terms of domestic (Ugandan), regional (African) and international law. One of the main obstacles to accessing education for refugees in Uganda is financiai constraints, which the principle of burden sharing seeks to ameliorate in refugee hosting countries in the Giobai South. This principie of burden sharing lies at the heart of the Giobai Compact on Refugees (GCR) which was adopted by the United Nations Generai Assembiy to reaiise a more equitabie distribution of refugee popuiations, who are disproportionateiy found in the Giobai South within States whose financiai resources are severeiy strained. This articie expiores whether the GCR wiii increase access to the right to education of refugees in such a country, nameiy, Uganda. This right is considered to be a "multiplier" right as the degree of access to education impacts the level of enjoyment of other human rights. The articie considers whether the international and regional frameworks are likely to increase access to education for refugees in Uganda. Finally, recommendations are made to other stakeholders, namely, the Ugandan government and the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), on how to facilitate access to education for refugee children in Uganda.
The effects of dry versus wet season on the performance of a wastewater treatment plant in North West Province, South Africa
Authors: S Makuwa  , M Tlou  , E Fosso-Kankeu  , E Green
Published: January 2022

The study was conducted at a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in the North West Province of South Africa (SA), to investigate the effect of seasonal variations of rainfall and temperature on the fate of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and on chemical parameters. Both seasons showed variations in terms of rainfall levels and temperature. The average temperatures measured at the final effluent were 14 and 22°C for the dry and wet season, while the rainfall averages ranged between 0.0 and 69.0 mm and 16.0 and 258.9 mm for the dry and wet season, respectively. The impact of rainfall within the two seasons presented a variation in the plant inflow rate of 34 000 and 48 000 m3 during the dry and wet season, respectively. Higher E. coli concentrations were detected before and after chlorination in the wet season (1.86 x 105 and 8.40 x 101 MPN/100 mL) than in the dry season (2.26 x 104 and 5.10 x 101 MPN/100 mL). The recorded values for the chemical parameters in the dry and wet season were within the following ranges: ammonia (0.27 and 3.68 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD) (29.53 and 22.10 mg/L), nitrate (9.21 and 2.40 mg/L) and ortho-phosphate (0.46 and 0.39 mg/L). Though the detections of these indicator parameters were affected differently by the seasonal variations, it is important to note that the efficiency of the WWTP in reducing these indicator parameters proved to be consistent across all seasons, except in the case of ammonia and nitrate. The majority of the studied parameters showed effective compliance when measured against SA regulatory standards (general limits) in both the dry and wet season, with the exception of ammonia during the wet season.
A comparison of oil and grease removal from automobile workshop stormwater runoff using gravel, granular activated carbon, rice husk and conventional oil and grease (O&G) trap
Authors: Clement Oguche Ataguba  , Isobel Brink
Published: January 2022

Oil and grease (O&G) removal efficiencies using 4 automobile stormwater treatment systems were investigated and compared. The treatment systems used were: low-cost granular activated carbon–rice husk (GAC–RH) filter system, river gravel–granular activated carbon (GR–GAC) filter system, rice husk only (RH) filter system and the conventional PVC O&G trap (COT). Sampling of automobile stormwater from the five selected automobile workshops was carried out using the manual grab sampling methods. The treatment involved filtration using the low-cost technologies and O&G separation from stormwater. GAC–RH exhibited the highest O&G removal with an average removal efficiency of 43.2% from all the automobile workshops, followed by RH with an average removal efficiency of 31%. O&G removal using GR–GAC and COT resulted in average removal efficiencies of 28.6% and 26.8%, respectively. Further studies need to be carried out to optimize the GAC and RH low-cost filter materials for the purpose of achieving the USEPA and Nigerian effluent standards of 0.1 mg/L, since all the treatment systems produced effluents with minimum concentrations ranging between 0.8 mg/L and 3.6 mg/L.
Valeurs identitaires des patrimoines véhiculés dans les manuels roumains de FLE
Authors: CONDEI Cecilia
Published: January 2022

Il est possible de parler de patrimoines dans plusieurs contextes, celui de l’École étant l’un des privilégiés d’autant plus que la finalité formative de cette institution lui réserve une longue période d’existence dans la vie de l’individu. Puisque la vocation de l’École est de former lors d’un processus de transmission de connaissances, le patrimoine se voit engagé dans un parcours temporel qui lui ajoute, affine ou efface certaines nuances, mais sans l’empêcher de traverser les siècles. Multiple comme forme et contenu, le patrimoine non seulement subit la pression du collectif, mais aussi celle de la politique. Alors, sa valeur, inchangeable dans ses profondeurs, est obligée à se plier devant les éléments venus de l’extérieur. Notre recherche vise ce point délicat, mais déterminant dans la formation des jeunes qu’est le rôle du patrimoine en contexte scolaire. L’étude a deux coordonnées ; diachronique, assurée par l’étendu du corpus et comparative, déterminée par une permanente mise en parallèle entre auteurs/concepteurs et époques.
Virtual Seminar: an innovative educational experience
Authors: Martinez-Sanchez Lina Maria , Cuartas-Agudelo Yuban Sebastian , Hernandez-Martinez Alejandro , Herrera-Almanza Laura , Saavedra-Valencia Miguel
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION: it is of special importance that teachers can easily transmit knowledge, using didactical tools such as Cmaptools, Slideshare, YouTube, among others. Because of that, teaching methods nowadays are going through a revolution that implies technological development and the arrival of new generations. OBJECTIVE: describe the experience of developing a virtual education strategy in our institution to improve the teaching and learning process and facilitate interaction with students. METHODOLOGY: the students must do a bibliography search in databases (PubMed, Science Direct, and Embase) choosing one recent (published within the previous 3 months) original article in English. The article must involve the use of molecular techniques that include some sort of electrophoresis, then, get a tutoring session with the main teacher of the course, after that, the student must design a PowerPoint slideshow of a maximum of 15 slides. Finally, must record a 10-minute-long video of the presentation, the video must be uploaded to the YouTube website. RESULTS: a greater comprehension of the seminar presentation dynamic was observed in comparison to the previous methodology, which did not include the virtual component. CONCLUSIONS: the implementation of new innovative methodologies in education allows students to develop a broader learning process, besides improving their scientific understanding; they improve their knowledge on technological tools implemented in education.
Integrated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial use: Evaluation of the status in Canada (2014–2019)
Authors: Otto Simon J. G. , Haworth-Brockman Margaret , Miazga-Rodriguez Misha , Wierzbowski Aleksandra , Saxinger Lynora M.
Published: January 2022

Objective

Integrated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial use (AMU) across One Health sectors is critically important for effective, evidence-based policy, stewardship, and control of AMR. Our objective was to evaluate progress towards achieving comprehensive, integrated AMR/AMU surveillance in Canada.

Materials and methods

Based on an environmental scan, interviews of subject matter experts, and reports from the 2014 National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases and the 2016 Canadian Council of Chief Veterinary Officers, we identified 8 core surveillance requirements and their specific components; the latter were assessed using a 2-way classification matrix, with 7 common elements ranked according to development stage.

Results

Components that mapped to requirements of a comprehensive, fully integrated AMR/AMU surveillance system were mostly in the lowest stages of development (Exploration or Program Adoption). However, both the establishment of the Canadian AMR Surveillance System integrated reporting and expansion of existing components under the Canadian Nosocomial Infection Surveillance Program and the Canadian Integrated Program for AMR Surveillance are improvements. Regardless, obvious gaps in Canadian AMR/AMU surveillance prevent this from being a comprehensive and integrated One Health program.

Conclusion

Action is needed in 3 crucial areas: i) development of a complete, integrated AMR/AMU surveillance program, based on current success; ii) changes in Federal/Provincial/Territorial policies to require standardized AMR/AMU reporting; and iii) more resources for AMR/AMU surveillance (dedicated persons, funding, and enabling structures and policy). There is an urgent need for prioritization by Federal/Provincial/Territorial governments to address governance, leadership, and funding to create surveillance systems that inform stewardship and policy.
The PBL vs. Digital Mind Maps Integrated PBL: Choosing Between the two with a view to Enhance Learners’ Critical Thinking
Authors: HİDAYATİ Nurkhairo , ZUBAİDAH Siti , AMNAH Sri
Published: January 2022

Critical thinking plays a crucial role in the learning process. Critical thinking should become the focus of learning since it encourages the development of knowledge and includes the act of contemplating subjects, content, and problems. The current study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) and Digital Mind Maps-Integrated PBL (DMM-Integrated PBL) in improving students’ critical thinking. This quasi-experiment study employed a pretest-posttest control group design, involving 103 university students from the Biology Department of University in Riau, Indonesia, as the sample. The details of each group consist of 31 students in conventional, PBL (37 students), and DMM-Integrated PBL (35 students) classes. The research data was collected using an essay test. The data obtained were analyzed using ANCOVA at a significance level of 5% and an LSD test. Essay test developed based on critical thinking indicators: basic clarification, bases for a decision, inference, advanced clarification, supposition and integration, and strategies and tactics. All the instruments had been validated. The ANCOVA analysis results proved that PBL and DMM-Integrated PBL affected the students' critical thinking. However, the LSD test showed no significant difference between PBL and DMM-Integrated PBL in promoting students' critical thinking. Finally, to promote students’ critical thinking, educators are recommended to use PBL or DMM-Integrated PBL in the classroom.
Understanding the definite integral with the help of Riemann sums
Authors: ERGENE Özkan , ÖZDEMİR Ahmet Şükrü
Published: January 2022

Students encounter difficulties in understanding integral because the concept of integral requires the usage of theorems, formulas, daily life practices, and interdisciplinary approaches. From this point of view, in this study we examine the effects of a teaching process consisting of modelling activities on understanding the definite integral with the help of Riemann sums. The research is designed according to the case study based on a qualitative research method. Participants consist of 28 pre-service mathematics teachers who have limited understanding of integral although they have completed a Calculus course. The modelling activities were prepared in accordance with the emergent modelling approach. Data were collected through integral test and semi-structured interviews conducted before and after the teaching process. Before the teaching process consisting of modelling activities, pre-service mathematics teachers’ knowledge about the definite integral was included in the area under a curve, inverse of derivative and integral with known boundaries. In addition, participants did not refer to Riemann sums or cumulative sums. After the teaching process consisting of modelling activities, it was seen that almost all participants could explain the following equality (lim)┬(n→∞)⁡〖∑_(k=1)^n▒f(c_k ) ∆x_k 〗=∫_a^b▒f(x)dx. At the end of the teaching process consisting of modelling activities, this process has enabled pre-service teachers to establish the relationship between Riemann sum and definite integral. Findings revealed that teaching process of the definite integral enhanced the understanding the definite integral.
Удовлетворенность работой, карьерные стратегии и планы преподавателей российских вузов
Authors: Рудаков Виктор
Published: January 2022

В информационном бюллетене оценивается удовлетворенность преподавателей вузов своей работой и доходом, мотивация для работы преподавателем, рассматриваются основные карьерные стратегии и планы преподавателей. Под карьерными стратегиями преподавателей подразумеваются карьерные планы и траектории, готовность поменять работу, коллаборации с ведущими российскими вузами и международное сотрудничество, наличие в вузе социальных программ для преподавателей и их участие в данных программах.
Организация цифровой коммуникации между подразделениями, преподавателями и студентами
Authors: Волкова Галина , Пермякова Валентина , Шматко Наталья
Published: January 2022

В информационном бюллетене рассматриваются такие темы, как оснащенность вузов цифровыми сервисами и решениями, которые используются для коммуникации между подразделениями, преподавателями и студентами; особенности и культура взаимодействия сотрудников и студентов в цифровой среде; зависимость масштабов внедрения и использования цифровых решений от статуса образовательной организации. Исследование базируется на результатах опроса сотрудников, отвечающих за внедрение ИКТ-решений в вузах, включая организацию цифрового взаимодействия, и пользователей соответствующих информационных систем и сервисов – студентов, преподавателей, руководителей образовательных и научных подразделений.
The effect of wheat variety, fermentation and incorporation of ingredients on the texture profile, colour and sensory attributes of whole wheat brea
Authors: Rwubatse Bernard , Okoth Michael W. , Andago Angela A. , Ngala Sophia , Kimonyo Anastase , Bitwayiki Clement
Published: January 2022

Whole grain flour is gaining an increase in demand for its nutritive and health
promotion values in different food products for human consumption
worldwide. Whole flour from wheat grain varieties (Gihundo, Kibatsi,
Nyaruka and Reberaho), spent coffee grounds (SCG), juices of lemon fruit (L)
and rosemary leaves (R), and dough fermentation were assessed for their
impact on the texture profile, colour and sensory attributes of bread. Wheat
grains (sampled from the stores of Rwanda Agriculture and Animal Resources
Development Board, Kinigi, Rwanda) were conditioned to 15.5% moisture
content and were wholly milled. The mixture of 200 g whole wheat flour, 4%
spent coffee grounds, 1% juice of lemon fruit and 1% juice of rosemary leaves
were fermented by using 2% instant dry yeast at 34 °C, 60% relative humidity
(RH) for 60 min and at 39 °C, 85% RH for 120 min, separately. The dough
was baked at 180 °C for 20 min. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of
variance using SAS System. Treatment means were separated using Tukey’s
test and the least significant difference was accepted at p ≤ 0.05. The control
bread was made for 60 min of fermentation without incorporation of SCG and
LR. The control bread was harder than the bread containing SCG and SCG+LR
with the same time of fermentation. The long fermentation and the inclusion of
SCG and SCG+LR in doughs, caused the supplemented bread to have lower
L*, a* and b* values than control bread. Low L*, a* and b* values indicate
minimum darkness, redness and yellowness of bread. Aroma, taste and
appearance of SCG+LR bread from doughs fermented for 120 min were the
most liked. Whole wheat bread obtained satisfied consumers’ preferences.
Therefore, the application of spent coffee grounds, juices of lemon fruit and
rosemary leaves in bread making represents a good opportunity at low cost.
Influence of Preparation and Processing Methods on the Physico-chemical Properties
of Oryctes rhinoceros Larvae
Authors: Bolaji Oluwatomilola , Bamidele Damilola , Adeboye Adedayo , Tanimola Abiola
Published: January 2022

The growing world population with increasingly demanding consumers has led
to considering insects as part of are normal diet since they are good sources of
proteins, and could therefore potentially contribute to global food security. This
study produced Oryctes rhinoceros L. larvae powder and investigated the
impact of preparation and processing methods (degutted; roasted and dried) on
some quality parameters of O. rhinoceros larvae powder. Each batch was
prepared with and without their gut respectively. Physico-chemical analyses
were determined on the powder, while sensory evaluation was carried out on
the whole O. rhinoceros larvae using standard procedures. Moisture content of
the powders ranged from 3.57 - 5.66%, protein content (51.60 - 62.65%), fat
(8.71 – 12.67%), ash (3.97 - 10.25%), fibre (15.57 - 19.52%) and carbohydrate
(0.12 - 6.56%). The results of functional properties revealed a range of 2.64 –
2.98 mg/g for water absorption capacity, oil absorption capacity of 2.43- 2.70
mg/g and bulk density of 0.48 – 0.51 g/mL. Processing (roasting and oven
drying) had no significant effect on the sensory and physico-chemical
properties of whole O. rhinoceros larvae and O. rhinoceros larvae powder,
while the removal of the gut significantly contributed to the improvement of
the quality and sensory appeal of O. rhinoceros larvae.
Comparison of gastrointestinal stability of isothiocyanates from Tropaeolum Majus L. Altum using in vitro and ex vivo digestion methods
Authors: Vrca Ivana , Burčul Franko , Blažević Ivica , Bratanić Andre , Bilušić Tea
Published: January 2022

Tropaeolum majus L. is an annual herbaceous plant and a member of the
Tropaeolaceae family, which belongs to the Brassicales order. It is an excellent
source of flavonoids, carotenoids, phenolic acids, vitamin C, and it is a plant
that contains the glucosinolate glucotropaeolin. The major degradation product
of glucotropaeolin is benzyl isothiocyanate which is known for its various
biological activities. In this study, an essential oil was isolated from the seeds
of the Tropaeolum majus L. altum plant by microwave-assisted distillation and
analysed using the GC-MS technique. Two compounds were identified, benzyl
isothiocyanate as the major one (97.81%), and 2-phenylacetonitrile as a minor
one (0.80%). Tropaeolum majus L. altum essential oil and pure benzyl isothiocyanate were then submitted to the two-phase in vitro and ex vivo digestion simulations. The
analysis performed by the GC-MS/MS technique showed greater stability of
benzyl isothiocyanate from essential oil after in vitro (97.57%), and ex vivo
(73.47%) gastric phases of the simulated digestion methods, compared to its
stability after in vitro (71.17%) and ex vivo (54.90%) intestinal phases. A
similar trend was shown for pure benzyl isothiocyanate.
Modelling and optimization of the drying process and the quality parameters of dried osmo-pretreated onions (Allium cepa)
Authors: Alabi Kehinde Peter , Olaniyan A. M. , Sunmonu M.O.
Published: January 2022

Modelling and optimization represent an important aspect of drying in food
processing, providing a fast and convenient means for quality prediction. The
research focuses on modelling and optimization of process parameters such as
drying rate, water loss, solid gain, vitamin C, manganese, and iron of dried
osmo-pretreated onion slices. Least square regression analysis in the Math-lab
computer software was used to model and optimise the process parameters.,
Six (6) mathematical models were developed for each output from the
regression analysis that was carried out. The criteria for adjudging these models
were the values of their adjusted coefficient of multiple determinations,
prediction error sum of squares (also called deleted residual), R2 for prediction,
coefficient of variation CV, and the Dubin-Watson test for autocorrelation. The
models were checked for adequacy using these criteria, and those found to be
adequate were selected from among the other possible combinations. Hence,
the best-optimized obtained results from the models are 27.50 g/h, 1.61 g/g,
0.15 g/g, 77.52 mg/100 g, 2.79 mg/1000 g, and 2.19 mg/1000 g for drying rate,
water loss, solid gain, vitamin C, manganese, and iron, respectively.
Design of Rice Husks Gasification Stove
Authors: Wulandari Aulia Eka , Kusumawardani Sekar Madu , Sabrina Mutiara Amelia , Arofah Sofi , Sholihat Siti Nur Shifa , Rusdiana Dadi , Suwandi Tri , Aziz Muhammad
Published: January 2022

The human population increases every year, reported from the official website of the United Nation, in 2011 the world population reached 7 billion people. Then in 2016 reached 7.4 billion people and the world population in   2020 reached 7.7 billion people. It is estimated that by 2030 it will grow to 8.5 billion people and by 2050 to reach 9.7 billion inhabitants. which makes energy needs also increase. With these facts, we design gasification stove biomass energy that aims to reduce the use of non-renewable fuels.  The study aims to design a rice husks gasification stove to minimize agricultural waste. In this study, there is an innovation in tar reduction using dolomite as a catalyst. This research uses qualitative research methods that are presented descriptively. The gasification stove design is inspired by the oil stove with the addition of an iron pipe that serves as an oxygen supplier. The design of gasification stoves using rice husk as fuel was successfully carried out. This stove is proven to be one of the tools to maximize the potential of using rice husks as fuel. Finally, we hope that this research can continue to be refined in further studies to maximize the utilization of rice husk waste as renewable alternative energy.
Organic Mosquito Patch: The Use of Lemongrass, Garlic and Marigold
Authors: Biñas Nathalie Faith , Cuba Ella Mae , Gargarita Cholo Anthony , Minsu Ameer Jordan , Malaco Amera
Published: January 2022

This study aims to determine the possibility of organic mosquito patches as an alternative to mosquito repellents. The results showed that the control group, namely commercial mosquito patches, was able to obtain the highest rate of repelling mosquitoes. However, statistical analysis did not show a significant difference in the three patches. Thus, the manufacture of organic mosquito patches is as effective as commercial mosquito patches at repelling mosquitoes. In addition, organic mosquito patches have the most economical product compared to commercialized patches. Thus, making organic mosquito patches is not only as effective as commercial mosquito patches but also much more affordable than they cost. It is recommended to use an organic mosquito patch as an alternative to mosquito repellent.