bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning reveals key ion selectivity mechanisms in polymeric membranes with subnanometer pores
Authors: Ritt Cody L. , Liu Mingjie , Pham Tuan Anh , Epsztein Razi , Kulik Heather J. , Elimelech Menachem
Published: January 2022

Machine learning unveils molecular transport mechanisms obscured by entropy-enthalpy compensation in polymeric membranes.
Typhoon-boosted biogenic emission aggravates cross-regional ozone pollution in China
Authors: Wang Nan , Huang Xin , Xu Jiawei , Wang Tong , Tan Zhe-min , Ding Aijun
Published: January 2022

Enhanced anthropogenic and biogenic interaction by approaching typhoons deteriorates cross-regional ozone pollution in China.
Electronic Raman scattering in the 2D antiferromagnet NiPS
3
Authors: Wang Xingzhi , Cao Jun , Li Hua , Lu Zhengguang , Cohen Arielle , Haldar Anubhab , Kitadai Hikari , Tan Qishuo , Burch Kenneth S. , Smirnov Dmitry , Xu Weigao , Sharifzadeh Sahar , Liang Liangbo , Ling Xi
Published: January 2022

Electronic Raman scattering activates the investigation of
d-d
excitations and electron-spin coupling in 2D antiferromagnets.
An imidazolium-based zwitterionic polymer for antiviral and antibacterial dual functional coatings
Authors: Chen Pengyu , Lang Jiayan , Zhou Yilun , Khlyustova Alexandra , Zhang Zheyuan , Ma Xiaojing , Liu Sophie , Cheng Yifan , Yang Rong
Published: January 2022

An imidazolium-based zwitterionic polymer is reported with dual functions of antivirus and antifouling with broad applicability.
Crossover between strongly coupled and weakly coupled exciton superfluids
Authors: Liu Xiaomeng , Li J. I. A. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Hone James , Halperin Bertrand I. , Kim Philip , Dean Cory R.
Published: January 2022

Following a crossover

Superfluidity in fermionic systems occurs through the pairing of fermions into bosons, which can undergo condensation. Depending on the strength of the interactions between fermions, the pairs range from large and overlapping to tightly bound. The crossover between these two limits has been explored in ultracold Fermi gases. Liu
et al
. observed the crossover in an electronic system consisting of two layers of graphene separated by an insulating barrier and placed in a magnetic field. In this two-dimensional system, the pairs were excitons formed from an electron in one layer and a hole in the other. The researchers used magnetic field and layer separation to tune the interactions and detected the signatures of superfluidity through transport measurements. —JS
Olfactory receptor 2 in vascular macrophages drives atherosclerosis by NLRP3-dependent IL-1 production
Authors: Orecchioni Marco , Kobiyama Kouji , Winkels Holger , Ghosheh Yanal , McArdle Sara , Mikulski Zbigniew , Kiosses William B. , Fan Zhichao , Wen Lai , Jung Yunmin , Roy Payel , Ali Amal J. , Miyamoto Yukiko , Mangan Matthew , Makings Jeffrey , Wang Zhihao , Denn Angela , Vallejo Jenifer , Owens Michaela , Durant Christopher P. , Braumann Simon , Mader Navid , Li Lin , Matsunami Hiroaki , Eckmann Lars , Latz Eicke , Wang Zeneng , Hazen Stanley L. , Ley Klaus
Published: January 2022

Sniffing out atherosclerosis

Olfactory receptors are best known for their presence in the nose and their role in detecting smells, but they are also present in other tissues and perform additional biological functions. For example, vascular macrophages involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis express multiple subtypes of olfactory receptors. Orecchioni
et al
. focused on olfactory receptor 2, a receptor for the compound octanal, and identified its contribution to atherosclerosis pathogenesis and the formation of atherosclerotic plaques (see the Perspective by Rayner and Rasheed). The authors show that most of the octanal was not directly derived from the diet, but rather was generated as a by-product of lipid peroxidation, suggesting a potential pathway for intervention. —YN
The effects of defaunation on plants’ capacity to track climate change
Authors: Fricke Evan C. , Ordonez Alejandro , Rogers Haldre S. , Svenning Jens-Christian
Published: January 2022

Seed dispersal in decline

Most plant species depend on animals to disperse their seeds, but this vital function is threatened by the declines in animal populations, limiting the potential for plants to adapt to climate change by shifting their ranges. Using data from more than 400 networks of seed dispersal interactions, Fricke
et al
. quantified the changes in seed disposal function brought about globally by defaunation. Their analyses indicate that past defaunation has severely reduced long-distance seed dispersal, cutting by more than half the number of seeds dispersed far enough to track climate change. In addition, their approach enables the prediction of seed dispersal interactions using species traits and an estimation of how these interactions translate into ecosystem functioning, thus informing ecological forecasting and the consequences of animal declines. —AMS
Observation of a gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect
Authors: Overstreet Chris , Asenbaum Peter , Curti Joseph , Kim Minjeong , Kasevich Mark A.
Published: January 2022

Gravitational interference

The Aharonov-Bohm effect is a quantum mechanical effect in which a magnetic field affects the phase of an electron wave as it propagates along a wire. Atom interferometry exploits the wave characteristic of atoms to measure tiny differences in phase as they take different paths through the arms of an interferometer. Overstreet
et al
. split a cloud of cold rubidium atoms into two atomic wave packets about 25 centimeters apart and subjected one of the wave packets to gravitational interaction with a large mass (see the Perspective by Roura). The authors state that the observed phase shift is consistent with a gravitational Aharonov-Bohm effect. —ISO
Comment on “Evidence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum”
Authors: Madsen David B. , Davis Loren G. , Rhode David , Oviatt Charles G.
Published: January 2022

Bennett
et al
. (Reports, 24 September 2021, p. 1528) report human footprints from Lake Otero, New Mexico, USA ~22,000 years ago. Critical assessment suggests that their radiocarbon chronology may be inaccurate. Reservoir effects may have caused radiocarbon ages to appear thousands of years too old. Independent verification of the ages of the footprint horizons is imperative and is possible through other means.
Response to Comment on “Evidence of humans in North America during the Last Glacial Maximum”
Authors: Pigati Jeffrey S. , Springer Kathleen B. , Bennett Matthew R. , Bustos David , Urban Thomas M. , Holliday Vance T. , Reynolds Sally C. , Odess Daniel
Published: January 2022

Madsen
et al
. question the reliability of calibrated radiocarbon ages associated with human footprints discovered recently in White Sands National Park, New Mexico, USA. On the basis of the geologic, hydrologic, stratigraphic, and chronologic evidence, we maintain that the ages are robust and conclude that the footprints date to between ~23,000 and 21,000 years ago.

Madsen
et al
. (

1

) question the veracity of calibrated radiocarbon ages used to constrain the antiquity of human trackways discovered recently at White Sands National Park (WHSA) Locality 2, New Mexico, USA (

2

). The ages were derived from seeds of the aquatic plant
Ruppia cirrhosa
, which they suggest may suffer from hard-water (or reservoir) effects, making them too old, potentially by thousands of years. We were well aware of this possibility, investigated it, and presented several lines of evidence that argued against such a problem. Here we respond to each of their four primary points.
Molten iron in Earth-like exoplanet cores
Authors: Zhang Youjun , Lin Jung-Fu
Published: January 2022

Iron crystallization in super-Earth interiors plays a key role in their habitability
A molecular view of human amyloid-β folds
Authors: Willem Michael , Fändrich Marcus
Published: January 2022

Structures of amyloid-β fibrils suggest Alzheimer’s disease–modifying strategies
Cloning goes wild
Authors: Fritts Rachel
Published: January 2022

A ferret named Elizabeth Ann could become the first cloned mammal to help save an endangered species
Artificial intelligence unmasks anonymous chess players
Authors: Hutson Matthew
Published: January 2022

Software that identifies unique styles poses privacy risks
Mapping where HIV hides suggests cure strategy
Authors: Cohen Jon
Published: January 2022

Long-term antiretrovirals may corner viral genomes in inactive regions of DNA
Omicron leads to fresh wave of meeting cancellations
Authors: Clery Daniel , Pennisi Elizabeth
Published: January 2022

One biology society goes ahead with in-person conference
Study of soldiers implicates common virus as MS trigger
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: January 2022

Vaccines under development against Epstein-Barr virus might prevent MS
Antibodies elicited by SARS-CoV-2 infection or mRNA vaccines have reduced neutralizing activity against Beta and Omicron pseudoviruses
Authors: Sievers Benjamin L. , Chakraborty Saborni , Xue Yong , Gelbart Terri , Gonzalez Joseph C. , Cassidy Arianna G. , Golan Yarden , Prahl Mary , Gaw Stephanie L. , Arunachalam Prabhu S. , Blish Catherine A. , Boyd Scott D. , Davis Mark M. , Jagannathan Prasanna , Nadeau Kari C. , Pulendran Bali , Singh Upinder , Scheuermann Richard H. , Frieman Matthew B. , Vashee Sanjay , Wang Taia T. , Tan Gene S.
Published: January 2022

Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants that have mutations associated with increased transmission and antibody escape have arisen over the course of the current pandemic. Although the current vaccines have largely been effective against past variants, the number of mutations found on the Omicron (B.1.1.529) spike protein appear to diminish the protection conferred by preexisting immunity. Using vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) pseudoparticles expressing the spike protein of several SARS-CoV-2 variants, we evaluated the magnitude and breadth of the neutralizing antibody response over time in individuals after infection and in mRNA-vaccinated individuals. We observed that boosting increases the magnitude of the antibody response to wild-type (D614), Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants; however, the Omicron variant was the most resistant to neutralization. We further observed that vaccinated healthy adults had robust and broad antibody responses, whereas responses may have been reduced in vaccinated pregnant women, underscoring the importance of learning how to maximize mRNA vaccine responses in pregnant populations. Findings from this study show substantial heterogeneity in the magnitude and breadth of responses after infection and mRNA vaccination and may support the addition of more conserved viral antigens to existing SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.
The Green Wave: reviewing the environmental impacts of the invasive European green crab (Carcinus maenas) and potential management approaches
Authors: Ens Nicholas J. , Harvey Bronwyn , Davies Morgan M. , Thomson Hanna M. , Meyers Keegan J. , Yakimishyn Jennifer , Lee Lynn C. , McCord Meaghen E. , Gerwing Travis G.
Published: January 2022

The European green crab (Carcinus maenas), native to northwestern Europe and Africa, is among the top 100 most damaging invasive species globally. In some regions, including the Atlantic coast of North America, C. maenas has caused long-term degradation of eelgrass habitats and bivalve, crab, and finfish populations, while other areas are near the beginning of the invasion cycle. Owing to the high persistence and reproductive potential of C. maenas populations, most local and regional mitigation efforts no longer strive for extirpation and instead focus on population control. Long-term monitoring and rapid response protocols can facilitate early detection of introductions that is critical to inform management decisions related to green crab control or extirpation. Once C. maenas are detected, local area managers will need to decide on management actions, including whether and what green crab control measures will be implemented, if local invasion might be prevented or extirpated, and if population reduction to achieve functional eradication is achievable. Owing to the immense operational demands likely required to extirpate C. maenas populations, combined with the limited resources for monitoring and removal, it is unlikely that any single government, conservation, and (or) academic organization would be positioned to adequately control or extirpate populations in local areas, highlighting the importance of collaborative efforts. Community-based monitoring, and emerging methods such as environmental DNA (eDNA) may help to expand the spatial and temporal extent of monitoring, facilitating early detection and removal of C. maenas. While several C. maenas removal programs have succeeded in reducing their populations, to our knowledge, no program has yet successfully extirpated the invader, and the cost of any such program would likely be immense and unsustainable over the long-term. An alternative approach is functional eradication, whereby C. maenas populations are reduced below threshold levels such that ecosystem impacts are minimized. Less funding and effort would likely be required to achieve and maintain compared to extirpation. In either case, continual control efforts will be required because C. maenas populations can quickly increase from low densities and larval re-introductions.
A review of exotic earthworm observations in the Canadian boreal forest and taiga zones
Authors: Moore Jean-David , Ouimet Rock , Reynolds John W.
Published: January 2022

Over the past few decades there has been increasing concern that boreal forests could convert from a carbon sink to a carbon source, thus accentuating the effects of climate change. Although forest fires are generally regarded as mainly responsible for causing boreal forests to transition to a carbon source, other factors, such as the activity of exotic earthworm species, could also play an important role. Invasive and exotic species of earthworm can affect nutrient cycling, biodiversity, and forest dynamics. In this context, greater knowledge of the distribution of exotic species of earthworm could help researchers to understand the likely changes in the ecosystems that they have colonized. Herein, we report the results of an exhaustive literature review of the presence of exotic species of earthworm in the Canadian boreal forest and taiga zones. We identified 230 sectors containing 14 earthworm species (11 exotic, two native, and one putative native) in six provinces and three territories across Canada’s boreal forest and taiga zone. We also report 23 as-yet unpublished observations from the province of Quebec. We noted the presence of earthworms in environments (acid soils, harsh climate) that were historically considered inadequate for their survival. This suggests that the portion of Canada’s boreal forests suitable for the presence or colonization of exotic species of earthworm is larger than was previously believed. This study represents the first compilation of locations with exotic species of earthworm in this large northern area. Factors that could affect their distribution and potential effects on boreal ecosystems are also discussed. We also report that several earthworm species seem to be overcoming the previously assumed limitations of temperature and soil pH.
Viscoelastic initially stressed microbeam heated by an intense pulse laser via photo-thermoelasticity with two-phase lag
Authors: Abouelregal Ahmed E. , Zakaria Kadry , Sirwah Magdy A. , Ahmad Hijaz , Rashid Ali F.
Published: January 2022

This work aims to assess the response of viscoelastic Kelvin–Voigt microscale beams under initial stress. The microbeam is photostimulated by the light emitted by an intense picosecond pulsed laser. The photothermal elasticity model with dual-phase lags, the plasma wave equation and Euler–Bernoulli beam theory are utilized to construct the system equations governing the thermoelastic vibrations of microbeams. Using the Laplace transform technique, the problem is solved analytically and expressions are provided for the distributions of photothermal fields. Taking aluminum as a numerical example, the effect of the pulsed laser duration coefficient, viscoelasticity constants and initial stress on photothermal vibrations has been studied. In addition, a comparison has been made between different models of photo-thermoelasticity to validate the results of the current model. Photo-microdynamic systems might be monolithically integrated on aluminum microbeams using microsurface processing technology as a result of this research.
Modeling the spread of an epidemic in presence of vaccination using cellular automata
Authors: Datta Agniva , Acharyya Muktish
Published: January 2022

The results of Kermack–McKendrick SIR model are planned to be reproduced by cellular automata (CA) lattice model. The CA algorithms are proposed to study the model of an epidemic, systematically. The basic goal is to capture the effects of spreading of infection over a scale of length. This CA model can provide the rate of growth of the infection over the space which was lacking in the mean-field like susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model. The motion of the circular front of an infected cluster shows a linear behavior in time. The correlation of a particular site to be infected with respect to the central site is also studied. The outcomes of the CA model are in good agreement with those obtained from SIR model. The results of vaccination have been also incorporated in the CA algorithm with a satisfactory degree of success. The advantage of the present model is that it can shed a considerable amount of light on the physical properties of the spread of a typical epidemic in a simple, yet robust way.
2D Wavelet Tree Ordering Based Localized Total Variation Model for Efficient Image Restoration
Authors: Kumar K. Praveen , Narasimhulu C. Venkata , Prasad K. Satya
Published: January 2022

The degraded image during the process of image analysis needs more number of iterations to restore it. These iterations take long waiting time and slow scanning, resulting in inefficient image restoration. A few numbers of measurements are enough to recuperate an image with good condition. Due to tree sparsity, a 2D wavelet tree reduces the number of coefficients and iterations to restore the degraded image. All the wavelet coefficients are extracted with overlaps as low and high sub-band space and ordered them such that they are decomposed in the tree ordering structured path. Some articles have addressed the problems with tree sparsity and total variation (TV), but few authors endorsed the benefits of tree sparsity. In this paper, a spatial variation regularization algorithm based on tree order is implemented to change the window size and variation estimators to reduce the loss of image information and to solve the problem of image smoothing operation. The acceptance rate of the tree-structured path relies on local variation estimators to regularize the performance parameters and update them to restore the image. For this, the Localized Total Variation (LTV) method is proposed and implemented on a 2D wavelet tree ordering structured path based on the proposed image smooth adjustment scheme. In the end, a reliable reordering algorithm proposed to reorder the set of pixels and to increase the reliability of the restored image. Simulation results clearly show that the proposed method improved the performance compared to existing methods of image restoration.
Energy Cost of Quantum Circuit Optimisation: Predicting That Optimising Shor’s Algorithm Circuit Uses 1 GWh
Authors: Paler Alexandru , Basmadjian Robert
Published: January 2022

Quantum circuits are difficult to simulate, and their automated optimisation is complex as well. Significant optimisations have been achieved manually (pen and paper) and not by software. This is the first in-depth study on the cost of compiling and optimising large-scale quantum circuits with state-of-the-art quantum software. We propose a hierarchy of cost metrics covering the quantum software stack and use energy as the long-term cost of operating hardware. We are going to quantify optimisation costs by estimating the energy consumed by a CPU doing the quantum circuit optimisation. We use QUANTIFY, a tool based on Google Cirq, to optimise bucket brigade QRAM and multiplication circuits having between 32 and 8,192 qubits. Although our classical optimisation methods have polynomial complexity, we observe that their energy cost grows extremely fast with the number of qubits. We profile the methods and software and provide evidence that there are high constant costs associated to the operations performed during optimisation. The costs are the result of dynamically typed programming languages and the generic data structures used in the background. We conclude that state-of-the-art quantum software frameworks have to massively improve their scalability to be practical for large circuits.
Working with Wolt
Authors: Kusk Kalle , Bossen Claus
Published: January 2022

In this paper, we present the results of an ethnographic study focusing on food deliveries for the digital platform Wolt. The platform manages food transport ordered by customers to be delivered at home from restaurants, and subcontracts the transport to workers called 'couriers', who act as independent firms or entrepreneurs. The paper is based on six months of participant observation, during which time the first author worked as a courier, as well as on ad-hoc conversations and semi-structured interviews with other couriers. We describe couriers' work for the platform and discuss our findings using Möhlmann and Zalmanson's definition of algorithmic management. We found both similarities and differences. It was noticeable that the couriers were positive about their work that no penalties or wage reductions were enforced, and that human support complemented the platform's algorithmic management. Thus, the algorithmic management we observed is neither harsh (as it has been described on other platforms including Uber), nor like the algorithmic despotism present on Instacart, for example. Hence, we refer to it as 'lenient algorithmic management' and underline the importance of adding new perspectives to our understanding of what algorithmic management can be, as well as looking at the context in which it is practised. To complement this finding of lenient algorithmic management, we present a set of strategies couriers must engage in to be effective on the platform: Thus, couriers must 1) schedule their work for peak hours to limit the amount of time they waste, 2) bundle orders to increase their payment per tour, 3) make use of support to handle customers and cancel orders involving delays, and 4) make use of the ecology of local support structures. The contribution of this paper is to add new perspectives to the way we perceive algorithmic management by presenting a lenient form of algorithmic management and indicating the importance of looking at the context in which it is practised, while describing what it takes to be an effective worker on the Wolt platform.
Data as a Lens for Understanding what Constitutes Credibility in Asylum Decision-making
Authors: Rask Nielsen Trine , Holten Møller Naja
Published: January 2022

In asylum decision-making, legal authorities rely on the criterion "credibility" as a measure for determining whether an individual has a legitimate asylum claim; that is, whether they have a well-founded fear of persecution upon returning to their country of origin. Nation states, international institutions, and NGOs increasingly seek to leverage data-driven technologies to support such decisions, deploying processes of data cleaning, contestation, and interpretation. We qualitatively analyzed 50 asylum cases to understand how the asylum decision-making process in Denmark leverages data to configure individuals as credible (or not). In this context, data can vary from the applicant's testimony to data acquired on the applicant from registers and alphanumerical data. Our findings suggest that legal authorities assess credibility through a largely discretionary practice, establishing certainty by ruling out divergence or contradiction between the different forms of data and documentation involved in an asylum case. As with other reclassification processes [following Bowker and Star 1999], credibility is an ambiguous prototypical concept for decision-makers to attempt certainty, especially important to consider in the design of data-driven technologies where stakeholders have differential power.
Toward Video-Conferencing Tools for Hands-On Activities in Online Teaching
Authors: Labrie Audrey , Mok Terrance , Tang Anthony , Lui Michelle , Oehlberg Lora , Poretski Lev
Published: January 2022

Many instructors in computing and HCI disciplines use hands-on activities for teaching and training new skills. Beyond simply teaching hands-on skills like sketching and programming, instructors also use these activities so students can acquire tacit skills. Yet, current video-conferencing technologies may not effectively support hands-on activities in online teaching contexts. To develop an understanding of the inadequacies of current video-conferencing technologies for hands-on activities, we conducted 15 interviews with university-level instructors who had quickly pivoted their use of hands-on activities to an online context during the early part of the COVID-19 pandemic. Based on our analysis, we uncovered four pedagogical goals that instructors have when using hands-on activities online and how instructors were unable to adequately address them due to the technological limitations of current video-conferencing tools. Our work provides empirical data about the challenges that many instructors experienced, and in so doing, the pedagogical goals we identify provide new requirements for video-conferencing systems to better support hands-on activities.
Protecting Personal Health Data through Privacy Awareness
Authors: Duckert Melanie , Barkhuus Louise
Published: January 2022

Digital health data is important to keep secure, and patients' perception around the privacy of it is essential to the development of digital health records. In this paper we present people's perceptions of the communication of data protection, in relation to their personal health data and the access to it; we focused particularly on people with chronic or long-term illness. Based on their use of personally accessible health records, we inquired into their explicit perception of security and sense of data privacy in relation to their health data. Our goal was to provide insights and guidelines to designers and developers on the communication of data protection in health records in an accessible way for the users. We analyzed their approach to and experience with their own health care records and describe the details of their challenges. A conceptual framework called "Privacy Awareness' was developed from the findings and reflects the perspectives of the users. The conceptual framework forms the basis of a proposal for design guidelines for Digital Health Record systems, which aim to address, facilitate and improve the users' awareness of the protection of their online health data.
Let's Think Together! Assessing Shared Mental Models, Performance, and Trust in Human-Agent Teams
Authors: Schelble Beau G. , Flathmann Christopher , McNeese Nathan J. , Freeman Guo , Mallick Rohit
Published: January 2022

An emerging research agenda in Computer-Supported Cooperative Work focuses on human-agent teaming and AI agent's roles and effects in modern teamwork. In particular, one understudied key question centers around the construct of team cognition within human-agent teams. This study explores the unique nature of team dynamics in human-agent teams compared to human-human teams and the impact of team composition on perceived team cognition, team performance, and trust. In doing so, a mixed-method approach, including three team composition conditions (all human, human-human-agent, human-agent-agent), completed the team simulation NeoCITIES and completed shared mental model, trust, and perception measures. Results found that human-agent teams are similar to human-only teams in the iterative development of team cognition and the importance of communication to accelerating its development; however, human-agent teams are different in that action-related communication and explicitly shared goals are beneficial to developing team cognition. Additionally, human-agent teams trusted agent teammates less when working with only agents and no other humans, perceived less team cognition with agent teammates than human ones, and had significantly inconsistent levels of team mental model similarity when compared to human-only teams. This study contributes to Computer-Supported Cooperative Work in three significant ways: 1) advancing the existing research on human-agent teaming by shedding light on the relationship between humans and agents operating in collaborative environments, 2) characterizing team cognition development in human-agent teams; and 3) advancing real-world design recommendations that promote human-centered teaming agents and better integrate the two.
Community Acknowledgment
Authors: Gui Fanlu , Tsai Chun-Hua , Carroll John M.
Published: January 2022

Volunteers in non-profit groups are a valuable workforce that contributes to economic development and supports people in need in the U.S. However, many non-profit groups face challenges including engaging and sustaining volunteer participation, as well as increasing visibility of their work in the community. To support non-profit groups' service, we explored how engaging community members in the volunteer-acknowledgment process may have an impact. We set up workstations and invited community members to write thank-you cards to volunteers in non-profit groups. We conducted 14 interviews with volunteers and community members, collected and analyzed 25 thank-you cards. We found that the acknowledgment activity can help circulate social goods through multiple stakeholders, that authenticity was valued in the acknowledgment process, and that non-profit groups intended to distribute, reuse, and publicize the acknowledgments to utilize them to a fuller extent. Our contributions include expanding knowledge on experiences, needs, and impact of community acknowledgment from different stakeholders, as well as presenting design opportunities.
How to Tame "Your" Algorithm
Authors: Simpson Ellen , Hamann Andrew , Semaan Bryan
Published: January 2022

As our social worlds increasingly shift online, many of the technologies people encounter are mediated by algorithms. Algorithms have become deeply embedded into people's online lives, often working to tailor and personalize their routine encounters with the world. How does one domesticate, or make one's own, an algorithmic system? One of the goals as people adopt new technologies is to weave them into their everyday routines, establishing a pattern of use in order to make that technology their own. In this paper we focus on people's experiences domesticating the short-form video sharing application, TikTok. Through an interview study with 16 LGBTQ+ TikTok users, we explore how people's routine experiences with TikTok's For You Page algorithm influence and inform their domestication process. We first highlight people's motivations for adopting TikTok and the challenges they encounter in this initial acquisition phase of domestication. After adopting the platform, we discuss the challenges people experience across the final three phases of domestication: objectification, incorporation, and conversion. We find that though they enjoy TikTok, our participants feel that they are never fully able to domesticate TikTok. As they are never able to fully control their digital selves, and thus integrate it into their routine lives, TikTok is in constant misalignment with their personal moral economy. We discuss the implications of domesticating algorithmic systems, examining the questions of whose values shape the moral economy created by and through people's uses of algorithmic systems, and the impact of nostalgia on the domestication process.
The TL;DR Charter: Speculatively Demystifying Privacy Policy Documents and Terms Agreements
Authors: Kotut Lindah , McCrickard D. Scott
Published: January 2022

Privacy policy and term agreement documents are considered the gateway for software adoption and use. The documents provide a means for the provider to outline expectations of the software use, and also provide an often-separate document outlining how user data is collected, stored, and used--including if it is shared with other parties. A user agreeing with the terms, assumes that they have a full understanding the terms of the agreement and have provided consent. Often however, users do not read the documents because they are long and full of legalistic and inconsistent language, are regularly amended, and may not disclose all the details on what is done to the user data. Enforcing compliance and ensuring user consent have been persistent challenges to policy makers and privacy researchers. This design fiction puts forward an alternate reality and presents a policy-based approach to fording the consent gap with the TL;DR Charter: an agreement governing the parties involved by harnessing the power of formal governments, industry, and other stakeholders, and taking users expectation of privacy into account. The Charter allows us as researchers to examine the implications on trust, decision-making, consent, accountability and the impact of future technologies.
Does Social Presence Increase Perceived Competence?
Authors: Schmid Damaris , Staehelin Dario , Bucher Andreas , Dolata Mateusz , Schwabe Gerhard
Published: January 2022

Conversational agents (CA) have drawn increasing interest from HCI research. They have become popular in different aspects of our lives, for example, in the form of chatbots as the primary point of contact when interacting with an insurance company online. Additionally, CA find their way into collaborative settings in education, at work, or financial advisory. Researchers and practitioners are searching for ways to enhance the customer's experience in service encounters by deploying CA. Since competence is an important treat of a financial advisor, they only accept CA in their interaction with clients if it does not harm their impression on the client. However, we do not know how the social presence of the CA affects this perceived competence. We explore this by evaluating three prototypes with different social presences. For this, we conducted a video-based online survey. In contrast to prior studies focusing on single human-computer interaction, our study explores CA in a dyadic setting of two humans and one CA. First, our results support the Computers-Are-Social-Actors paradigm as the CA with a strong social presence was perceived as more competent than the other two designs. Second, our data show a positive correlation between CA's and advisor's competence. This implies a positive impact of the CA on the service encounter as the CA and advisor can be seen as a competent team.
Making Community Beliefs and Capacities Visible Through Care-mongering During COVID-19
Authors: Knearem Tiffany , Jo Jeongwon , Tsai Chun-Hua , Carroll John M.
Published: January 2022

The COVID-19 global pandemic brought forth wide-ranging, unanticipated changes in human interaction, as communities rushed to slow the spread of the coronavirus. In response, local geographic community members created grassroots care-mongering groups on social media to facilitate acts of kindness, otherwise known as care-mongering. In this paper, we are interested in understanding the types of care-mongering that take place and how such care-mongering might contribute to community collective efficacy (CCE) and community resilience during a long-haul global pandemic. We conducted a content analysis of a care-mongering group on Facebook to understand how local community members innovated and developed care-mongering practices online. We observed three facets of care-mongering: showing appreciation for helpers, coming up with ways of supporting one another's needs, and continuing social interactions online and present design recommendations for further augmenting care-mongering practices for local disaster relief in online groups.
Dating Apps Are Used for More Than Dating
Authors: Zytko Douglas , Mullins Nicholas , Taylor Shelnesha , Holler Richard H.
Published: January 2022

Use and design of dating apps has evolved in recent years to accommodate other interaction goals beyond dating, prompting some researchers to now refer to these apps as people-nearby applications (PNAs). With this expansion of use comes increased potential for misinterpretation of users' goals for meeting face-to-face, which can pose risks to user safety particularly when disparities in sexual expectations occur. We present a survey study (n=132) with users of several PNAs and with various motivations for PNA-use to understand how interaction goals are disclosed and detected. The study finds such practices to be far from consistent, with some appearing highly susceptible to misinterpretation such as purposely delaying self-presentation of interaction goals until meeting face-to-face, and implying sexual expectations through vague references to "fun." We conclude by suggesting a modified version of the "swiping" feature in PNAs to facilitate consistent and overt self-presentation of interaction goals in ways that accommodate user tendencies discovered in the study.
Pivoting an MCI Empowerment Program to Online Engagement
Authors: Mynatt Elizabeth D. , Vickers Kayci , LaForce Salimah , Farmer Sarah K. , Johnson Jeremy M. , Doiron Matthew , Ramesh Aparna , Fain Walter Bradley , Zubatiy Tamara , Rodriguez Amy D.
Published: January 2022

In the Spring of 2020, closures and safe distancing orders swept much of the United States due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper presents a case study of pivoting an in-person empowerment program focused on lifestyle interventions for people newly diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) to an online program. Working as rapidly as possible to sustain participant engagement, our design decisions and subsequent iterations point to initial constraints in telehealth capabilities, as well as learning on the fly as new capabilities and requirements emerged. We present the discovery of emergent practices by family members and healthcare providers to meet the new requirements for successful online engagement. For some participants, the online program led to greater opportunities for empowerment while others were hampered by the lack of in-person program support. Providers experienced a sharp learning curve and likewise missed the benefits of in-person interaction, but also discovered new benefits of online collaboration. This work lends insights and potential new avenues for understanding how lifestyle interventions can empower people with MCI and the role of technology in that process.
Coherence Establishment as a Source of Explanation in Linguistic Theory
Authors: Kehler Andrew
Published: January 2022

The primary goal of coherence theory is to provide an explanation for the coherence properties of discourse: what properties distinguish a discourse from a mere collection of utterances, and what drives comprehenders to draw inferences in service of establishing coherence. However, the importance of coherence theory goes well beyond that; it also plays a crucial role in theories of a variety of discourse-dependent linguistic phenomena. This article surveys some ways in which coherence theory has been leveraged in this way, appealing to both Relational analyses and Question-Under-Discussion models. Theories of coherence establishment should therefore have a place in the linguist's toolbox as a source of explanation in linguistic theory.
In Situ Imaging of Electrode Thickness Growth and Electrolyte Depletion in Single-Crystal vs Polycrystalline LiNixMnyCozO2/Graphite Pouch Cells using Multi-Scale Computed Tomography
Authors: Bond Toby , Gauthier Roby , Eldesoky A. , Harlow Jessie , Dahn J. R.
Published: January 2022

Single-crystal LiNixMnyCozO2 (NMC) materials have recently garnered significant academic and commercial interest as they have been shown to provide exceptional long-term charge-discharge cycling stability in Li-ion cells. Understanding the degradation mechanisms occurring in conventional polycrystalline NMC materials in comparison to the more stable single-crystal equivalents has become a topic of great importance. In this study, we demonstrate how multi-scale, in situ computed tomography can be used to characterize important changes occurring in wound pouch cells containing polycrystalline vs single-crystal NMC. These changes include cell-level phenomena (such as deformation of the jelly roll and electrolyte depletion) as well as electrode-scale phenomena (such as electrode thickness growth and electrode cracking). Twenty-one cells were scanned in total, consisting of three different electrodes: polycrystalline NMC622, single-crystal NMC811, and single-crystal NMC532. These cell matrices were designed to characterize the effects of varying C-rate, depth of discharge, and duty cycle. This work includes a comprehensive analysis of these factors as they relate to physical changes taking place at both the cell and electrode level.
Green Synthesis and Thermal Encapsulation of Organic Cathode for Aqueous Zn Battery
Authors: Chola Noufal Merukan , Singh Vikram , Verma Vivek , Nagarale Rajaram K.
Published: January 2022

Aqueous zinc batteries are increasingly gaining attention of the researchers in recent years because of their environmental and user friendliness as well as the economic benefits of the zinc metal. Herein we report a ferrocene based organic cathode synthesized by following green chemistry principle and stabilized by low temperature thermal encapsulation in multiwalled carbon nano tubes (MWCNTs) for stable electrochemical performance. Successful intercalation was confirmed by XRD, Raman, FTIR spectra, TEM-HAADF imaging. Without encapsulation, material exhibited initial capacity of 64.7 mAhg−1 which was drastically faded with time due to dissolution of active material. However, by low temperature thermal encapsulation, the capacity was remarkably improved to 71.3 mAhg−1 with 94% columbic efficiency and 91% capacity retention at a current density of 75 mAg−1 in a 100 charge/discharge cycles. The stability of the electrode has been explained on the basis of a friendly host-guest interaction between CNTs and the organic molecules by π-π stacking, dipole-dipole and dipole induced dipole interactions with detailed electrochemical and spectroscopic characterization. From this study we conclude that the thermal intercalation in MWCNTs has been found to be excellent method to stabilize the electrode materials in battery application.
Communication—Function-Oriented Design of 3D Carbon Networks Toward Negative Permittivity at kHz Frequencies
Authors: Li Yuyan , Ye Huan , Qu Yunpeng , Wang Zongxiang , Sun Kai
Published: January 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) carbon networks composed of graphene (GR) and carbon nanotube (CNT) were constructed in copper calcium titanate (CCTO) in order to realize negative permittivity behavior. The results show that negative permittivity can be obtained at kHz frequencies above percolation threshold when 3D carbon networks are successfully constructed. Negative permittivity originates from the low-frequency plasmonic state which is explained by Drude model. The magnitude of negative permittivity was tuned between 105 and 106 which significantly correlates with concentration of free carriers. Moreover, the reactance spectra clarify the inductive character of negative permittivity materials.
Characterizing the Temporal Regularities of Crime
Authors: Luo Xiaohua , Peng Jiaruo , Mao Mingsong
Published: January 2022

There are a lot of studies that show that criminal activities exhibit certain temporal and spatial regularities. However, they often focus on either specific cities or types of crime and cannot clearly explain the patterns for the crime. What are the temporal patterns at the microlevel spatial scale? How general? Understanding the regularities of urban crime is important because it can help us improve the economy and safety of the cities and maintain harmony. This study analyzes the theft and burglary crime data from five cities in the United States. We successfully find the spatiotemporal patterns of two types of crime in different time series across cities.
A Liquid Democracy Enabled Blockchain-Based Electronic Voting System
Authors: Anwar ul Hassan Ch , Hammad Muhammad , Iqbal Jawaid , Hussain Saddam , Ullah Syed Sajid , AlSalman Hussain , Mosleh Mogeeb A. A. , Arif Muhammad
Published: January 2022

Developing an electronic voting system that meets the practical needs of administrators has been a difficult task for a long time. Now, blockchain technologies solve this problem by providing a distributed ledger with immutable, encrypted, and secure transactions. Distributed ledger technologies are an interesting technological leap in the field of data innovation, transparency, and trustability. In public blockchain, distributed ledger technology is widely used. The blockchain technology can be used in an almost infinite number of ways to benefit from sharing economies. The purpose of this study is to assess how blockchain may be utilized to build electronic voting systems that can be used as a service. The purpose of electronic voting systems is explained in this article, as are the technological and legal limitations of employing blockchain as a service. Then, using blockchain as a foundation, we propose a new electronic voting system that fixes the flaws we observed. In general, this paper evaluates the capabilities of distributed ledger technologies by depicting a contextual investigation in order to fine-tune the process of political election decisions and employing a blockchain-based application that improves security and lowers the cost of conducting nationwide elections.
[Retracted] Changes of Serum Ferritin, Hemoglobin, and Serum Iron (SI) and Treatment Effect of Iron Proteinsuccinylate Oral Solution Combined with Vitamin A and D Drops on Children with Nutritional Iron Deficiency Anemia
Authors: Ma Yan , Ma Yanbo , Zhang Xiuqing , Wang Xuejing , Sun Zhigang
Published: January 2022

Objective. The purpose was to evaluate the treatment effect of iron proteinsuccinylate oral solution combined with vitamin A and D drops on children with nutritional iron deficiency anemia. Methods. 124 children treated in the outpatient department of our hospital from January 2017 to January 2020 were selected as the study subjects. They were randomly divided into control and observation two groups. The control group was treated with iron proteinsuccinylate oral solution (1.5 mL/kg) in the morning and evening, respectively. The observation group received adjuvant treatment with oral vitamin A and D drops based on the treatment of the control group. The treatment effect of proteinsuccinylate oral solution combined with vitamin A and D drops was evaluated by the serum iron (SI), serum ferritin (SF), and transferrin (TRF) levels, the values of CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+, and other evaluation indicators. Results. After treatment, the SI and SF levels of children in both groups significantly increased (P < 0.01) while the TRF level significantly decreased (P < 0.01), and the SI and SF levels in the observation group increased more significantly, and the TRF level decreased more significantly compared with those in the control group (P < 0.01). After treatment, the values of CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ of children in both groups significantly increased compared with those before treatment (P < 0.01), and the values of CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+ increased more significantly in the observation group compared with those in the control group (P < 0.01). In addition, the evaluation results of treatment effect showed that the markedly effective rate in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.01). Conclusion. Iron proteinsuccinylate oral solution combined with vitamin A and D drops can better improve the anemia symptoms in children, with high application value.