bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Useful Reduction Mammoplasty Technique in Oncoplastic Breast Surgery and Reconstruction
Authors: Lee Jong Ho , Ryu Jeong Yeop , Choi Kang Young , Yang Jung Dug , Chung Ho Yun , Cho Byung Chae , Kang Byeongju , Lee Jeeyeon , Park Ho Yong , Lee Joon Seok
Published: October 2022

Background. A combination of the reduction mammoplasty technique and breast reconstruction allows surgeons to lift ptotic breasts through local flaps and skin reduction during surgery for breast cancer. This study presents a reliable course for the combination of partial and skin or nipple-sparing mastectomy with reduction-reconstruction surgery. Methods. Fifty-seven patients underwent a partial mastectomy before reduction mammoplasty of both breasts during the same time period between 2014 and 2021 at our institution and thirteen patients underwent skin or nipple-sparing mastectomy, breast reconstruction with an extended latissimus dorsi flap or silicone implant, and aesthetic reduction mammoplasty of the contralateral breast during the same time period. Additional photos were obtained preoperatively, immediately after the operation, and at one, three, six, and twelve months postoperatively. Patient satisfaction was evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively and postoperative complications were noted. Results. Among the patients who underwent a partial mastectomy, the mean age was 45.18 ± 11.05 years, the mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.74 ± 3.53 kg/m2, and the mean preoperative right and left breast volumes were 663.85 (±28.12) cc and 664.34 (±37.13) cc, respectively, and the mean excised mass weight was 177.74 (±213.93) g. Among the patients who underwent a skin-sparing mastectomy, the mean age was 51.62 ± 8.96 years, the mean BMI was 26.91 ± 4.34 kg/m2, and the mean preoperative right and left breast volumes were 624.17 (±98.52) cc and 562.31 (±80.81) cc, respectively, and the mean excised mass weight was 618.05 (±338.17) g. Four patients (5.3%) in the partial mastectomy group had fat necrosis. The mean patient satisfaction score was higher postoperatively in both groups. Conclusion. Patients with breast cancer and large and/or ptotic breasts can successfully undergo reduction mammoplasty for both breasts immediately following partial mastectomy and nipple or skin-sparing mastectomy.
Impacts of Urban Shrinkage on Haze Pollution-Evidence from China
Authors: Liu Xiaohong , Wang Xiaobo , Dong Tianrui
Published: October 2022

This study focuses on 55 shrinking cities selected by the urban shrinkage index using data about the urban population of 250 prefecture-level Chinese cities from 2012 to 2017. It analyzes the theoretical impacts of urban shrinkage on haze pollution and the spatial distribution and autocorrelation of urban shrinkage. The spatial error model (SEM) and the fully modified least squares (FMOLSs) regression are used to empirically examine the impacts of urban shrinkage on haze pollution at national and regional levels. The results indicate that shrinking cities showed spatial agglomeration and that northeast China had the largest number of shrinking cities. Nationwide, urban shrinkage reduced haze pollution. An increase in the proportion of secondary industries, economic development, and built-up areas intensified haze pollution, while an increase in the green area in parks alleviated such pollution. Regionally, except for west China, the impacts of urban shrinkage on haze pollution were significantly negative. Urban shrinkage in central China had the greatest impacts on haze, followed by northeast China and east China. Haze pollution was intensified by the increase in the proportion of secondary industries in east, central and west China, alleviated by economic development in east and west China, slowed down by the increase in green area in parks in northeast, east and west China, and aggravated by the rise in built-up areas in northeast, central, and west China. Targeted suggestions are proposed herein to reduce haze pollution, adapt to urban shrinkage and build quality small cities based on local conditions.
Comparison of Diffusion Tensor Imaging Metrics in Normal-Appearing White Matter to Cerebrovascular Lesions and Correlation with Cerebrovascular Disease Risk Factors and Severity
Authors: Haddad Seyyed M. H. , Scott Christopher J. M. , Ozzoude Miracle , Berezuk Courtney , Holmes Melissa , Adamo Sabrina , Ramirez Joel , Arnott Stephen R. , Nanayakkara Nuwan D. , Binns Malcolm , Beaton Derek , Lou Wendy , Sunderland Kelly , Sujanthan Sujeevini , Lawrence Jane , Kwan Donna , Tan Brian , Casaubon Leanne , Mandzia Jennifer , Sahlas Demetrios , Saposnik Gustavo , Hassan Ayman , Levine Brian , McLaughlin Paula , Orange J. B. , Roberts Angela , Troyer Angela , Black Sandra E. , Dowlatshahi Dar , Strother Stephen C. , Swartz Richard H. , Symons Sean , Montero-Odasso Manuel , ONDRI Investigators  , Bartha Robert
Published: October 2022

Alterations in tissue microstructure in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM), specifically measured by diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) fractional anisotropy (FA), have been associated with cognitive outcomes following stroke. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively compare conventional DTI measures of tissue microstructure in NAWM to diverse vascular brain lesions in people with cerebrovascular disease (CVD) and to examine associations between FA in NAWM and cerebrovascular risk factors. DTI metrics including fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (AD), and radial diffusivity (RD) were measured in cerebral tissues and cerebrovascular anomalies from 152 people with CVD participating in the Ontario Neurodegenerative Disease Research Initiative (ONDRI). Ten cerebral tissue types were segmented including NAWM, and vascular lesions including stroke, periventricular and deep white matter hyperintensities, periventricular and deep lacunar infarcts, and perivascular spaces (PVS) using T1-weighted, proton density-weighted, T2-weighted, and fluid attenuated inversion recovery MRI scans. Mean DTI metrics were measured in each tissue region using a previously developed DTI processing pipeline and compared between tissues using multivariate analysis of covariance. Associations between FA in NAWM and several CVD risk factors were also examined. DTI metrics in vascular lesions differed significantly from healthy tissue. Specifically, all tissue types had significantly different MD values, while FA was also found to be different in most tissue types. FA in NAWM was inversely related to hypertension and modified Rankin scale (mRS). This study demonstrated the differences between conventional DTI metrics, FA, MD, AD, and RD, in cerebral vascular lesions and healthy tissue types. Therefore, incorporating DTI to characterize the integrity of the tissue microstructure could help to define the extent and severity of various brain vascular anomalies. The association between FA within NAWM and clinical evaluation of hypertension and disability provides further evidence that white matter microstructural integrity is impacted by cerebrovascular function.
Modeling Land Use Change in Sana’a City of Yemen with MOLUSCE
Authors: Alshari Eman A. , Gawali Bharti W.
Published: October 2022

This study provided insight into the size of the difference between the actual and predicted changes in Landsat 8 satellite imagery for the case study Sana’a of Yemen. The LULC classification was created using data available in 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. It used the MOLUSCE tool for predicting land changes for the predicted for 2010, 2015, 2020, 2025, and 2030. The objectives of this study are 1) To compare the actual and predicted land changes in 2010,2015 and 2020. 2) To analyze and verify the tool’s performance (MOLUSCE). 3) To identify the size of effect which evented land changes in 2015 on land changes in 2020,2025 and 2030. The results were: 1/the effects of land changes in 2010 showed the accuracy and reliability of MOLUSCE for predicting land changes due to the low difference between the actual and predicted 2010 before the conflict in the region. 2/the actual changes for 2015 were negative and did not support the logical trend toward progress where it is natural that the human element progresses to the increasing construction. 3/identify prediction changes for (2020,2025,2030) are affected by events conflict, which showed in the results of the 2015 images.
Recapitulating the Pharmacological Interactions of Cetuximab with Sunitinib and Cisplatin in Head and Neck Carcinoma Cells in vitro
Authors: Dib Maria , Justian Nathanil , Scharf Christian , Busch Chia-Jung , Burchardt Martin , Caetano-Pinto Pedro
Published: October 2022

Introduction: Cisplatin is extensively used in the treatment of head and neck carcinomas. Cetuximab combination therapy is employed in recurrent and metastatic settings. Sunitinib showed positive results in the treatment of head and neck carcinomas, both as monotherapy or in combination with cetuximab. Nonetheless, the mechanism governing these pharmacological interactions is largely unresolved. This study investigates the impact of cetuximab on the cytotoxicity of cisplatin and sunitinib using cells representative of head and neck carcinoma and the oral epithelium. Methods: The uptake and efflux activities of cells were determined using the prototypical fluorescent substrates 4-[4-[dimethylamino]styryl)-1-methyl pyridinium iodide, Hoechst 33342, and calcein-AM in the presence or absence of specific inhibitors in cells pretreated with cetuximab. The expression of key uptake and efflux drug transporters was analyzed using qPCR and immunofluorescence. Cisplatin and sunitinib cytotoxicities after cetuximab pretreatment were evaluated using the PrestoBlue viability assay. Results: Both tumor and nontumor cells showed significant active drug transport activity. Cetuximab substantially deregulated the expression of key transporters involved in drug resistance in head and neck cancer cells. Transporter expression in the nontumor cell was unaffected. Upon cetuximab pretreatment, the half maximal effective toxic concentration of cisplatin was reduced by 0.75-fold and sunitinib by 0.82-fold in cancer cells. Nontumor cells were not sensitive to cisplatin or sunitinib under the conditions tested. Conclusion: Cetuximab regulates the expression and activity of key membrane drug transporters in head and neck cancer cells, involved in drug resistance. The deregulation of the transport mechanism behind cisplatin and sunitinib uptake reverses drug resistance and enhances the cytotoxicity of both drugs.
Is There an Optimal Diet for a Healthy Gut in Adults? What Do We Know?
Authors: Stamataki Asteria
Published: October 2022

Diet is the first to affect our intestinal microbiota and therefore the state of eubiosis. Several studies are highlighting the potential benefits of taking certain nutritional supplements, but a dietary regime that can ensure the health of the intestinal microbiota, and the many pathways it governs, is not yet clearly defined. We performed a systematic review of the main studies concerning the impact of an omnivorous diet on the composition of the microbiota and the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). Some genera and phyla of interest emerged significantly and about half of the studies evaluated consider them to have an equally significant impact on the production of SCFAs, to be a source of nutrition for our colon cells, and many other processes. Although numerous randomized trials are still needed, the Mediterranean diet could play a valuable role in ensuring our health through direct interaction with our microbiota.
Lactobacillus-rhamnosus-Supplementation bei pädiatrischen Mukoviszidose-Patienten – nur das (Mikrobiom-)Ergebnis zählt?
Authors: Jorczyk Maximilian
Published: October 2022

Background: Relationships between gut microbiomes and airway immunity have been established in murine and human studies of allergy and asthma. Early life Lactobacillus supplementation alters the composition and metabolic productivity of the gut microbiome. However, little is known of how Lactobacillus supplementation impacts the gut microbiota in children with cystic fibrosis (CF) and whether specific microbiota states that arise following gut microbiome manipulation relate to pulmonary outcomes. Methods: Stool samples were collected from CF patients enrolled in a multi-center, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of daily Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) probiotic supplementation over a 12-month period. Fecal 16S rRNA biomarker sequencing was used to profile fecal bacterial microbiota and analyses were performed in QiiME. Results: Bifidobacteria-dominated fecal microbiota were more likely to arise in LGG-treated children with CF (P = 0.04). Children with Bifidobacteria-dominated gut microbiota had a reduced rate of pulmonary exacerbations (IRR = 0.55; 95% CI 0.25 to 0.82; P = 0.01), improved pulmonary function (+ 20.00% of predicted value FEV1; 95% CI 8.05 to 31.92; P = 0.001), lower intestinal inflammation (Calprotectin; Coef = − 16.53 μg g−1 feces; 95% CI − 26.80 to − 6.26; P = 0.002) and required fewer antibiotics (IRR = 0.43; 95% CI 0.22 to 0.69; P = 0.04) compared to children with Bacteroides-dominated microbiota who were less likely to have received LGG. Conclusions: The majority of pediatric CF patients in this study possessed a Bacteroides- or Bifidobacteria-dominated gut microbiota. Bifidobacteria-dominated gut microbiota were more likely to be associated with LGG-supplementation and with better clinical outcomes.
Analysis of SiC and SiC-Cascode MOSFET in the design of power electronics converters for more electric aircrafts
Authors: Eleodoro Osmar Felipe Alves , Barbosa Vitor Fonseca , Lima Gustavo B. , Freitas Luiz Carlos Gomes
Published: October 2022

Wideband gap (WBG) semiconductors have developed rapidly in recent years, enabling greater efficiency and power density in the design of power electronics converters for several areas of application. In this sense, this work analyzes the efficiency and specificities of silicon carbide (SiC) technologies and their cascode topology (SiC-Cascode), operating at high switching frequencies. The analyzes are performed using a Boost converter designed for conversion systems in the more-electric aircraft (MEA) context, where the alternating current (AC) power systems can operate at fixed frequency (115V/400Hz), or at variable frequency (115V/360-800Hz), such as observe in Boeing 787, and the direct current (DC) power system can operate with a DC bus of 400 V and +/-270 V are normally used. To validate the project, computer simulations were performed and a 1.0kW prototype was built in the laboratory. The performance analyses demonstrates that 97.5% of efficiency is achieved at 500 kHz switching frequency.
Intelligent control and reduce energy consumption of smart street lighting system
Authors: Mouaadh Yaichi , Bousmaha Bouchiba , Mhamed Rebhi
Published: October 2022

Public lighting is one of the criteria for the development of society, in addition to which it is important in human life, as it ensures safety and security during the night, but this may lead to an increase in energy consumption and therefore there is a deficit in energy bills. This research offers a smart street lighting system that has been implemented and tested at pilot site consists of 9 LED lights in order to reduce energy consumption without compromising the security and safety of street users. The developed system control solution relied on combining the effectiveness of the system with reduced installation costs, As soon as the user enters the street, his movement is detected using a motion sensor, so the controller processes this information and raises the intensity of the lighting around the street user’s area, then sends a message via a wireless network to the next controller, which in turn raises the intensity of the lighting, thus increasing the intensity of lighting in front of the user rather than behind. Through experimental results obtained, the system has proven its effectiveness in achieving energy savings up to 50% depending on the use of the smart control scenario.
A multi-functional converter based switched reluctance motor drive for electric vehicle
Authors: Kalpana Dungrothu , Kumar Malligunta Kiran , Tripura Pidikiti
Published: October 2022

Owing to the resilience and ease of control, switched reluctance motors are commonly utilized in electric vehicle drives. This paper provides a topology for a multi-functional power converter for switched reluctance motor based electric vehicle drive with driving, braking and charging potentialities. With efficient control algorithms, a single power electronic converter is used for motoring, regenerative braking, and charging of the battery bank, resulting in a cost-effective power electronic interface. The front-end voltage control and current control of the switched reluctance motor (SRM) are used to achieve open loop and closed loop speed control during driving mode. Re-generation is made possible through restricted switching of phases in negative torque region. A bridgeless rectifier converter is built in battery charging mode by combining the SRM's two-phase windings with the prevailing power devices of an integrated power converter, eliminating the need for additional inductors and charging units. Simulations are run in MATLAB/Simulink, and simulation results are used to validate the control schemes for all modes.
An application for nonlinear control by input-output linearization technique for pm synchronous motor drive for electric vehicles
Authors: Abdellah Boucha , Abdeldjebar Hazzab , Medjdoub Khessam
Published: October 2022

This paper leads to present the modified approach of the speed control for permanent magnet synchronous motors applied to electric vehicles using a nonlinear control. The motor's nonlinear dynamics are transformed into a linearized system model using the input-output feedback linearization technique. There are two permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) in the propulsion model. In order to improve the motor's output torque, the direct component of the current is adjusted to zero. The electronic differential, which is used in the calculations, enables each driving wheel to be controlled individually at each curve. The MATLAB/Simulink software is used to implement modeling and simulation in order to assess the effectiveness of the suggested solution. Simulation studies are used to confirm the efficacy of the proposed technique. The obtained results signify that this approach is more accurate.
Experimental implementation of low-cost and robust sensorless control based on SOGI-FLL estimator for electric vehicles
Authors: Bouzidi Riad , Ghadbane Ismail , Boukhari Mohammed , Bendib Ahmed , Kherbachi Abdelhammid
Published: October 2022

Sensorless control techniques of electric motor dedicated to electric vehicles (EVs) offer low-cost and high operating performance. In this paper, a low-cost and robust speed-sensorless control scheme based on a second-order generalized integrator-frequency-locked loop method (SOGI-FLL) is proposed with only one current sensor. The SOGI-FLL is introduced to estimate accurately the motor angular speed from a measured current signal. While the scalar control technique, based on a single loop speed regulation, is used to determine the ‎control signals. According to the proposed control scheme, the overall system will be very effective in terms of low-cost control and easy practical implementation, which have a great impact on electric vehicle applications. dSPACE micro labox platform is used to implement the proposed control scheme to drive an induction motor. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness and high performance of the proposed control to properly estimate the angular speed and drive the induction motor.
Electric vehicles: a review of their components and technologies
Authors: Halim Ahmed Abd El Baset Abd El , Bayoumi Ehab Hassan Eid , El-Khattam Walid , Ibrahim Amr Mohamed
Published: October 2022

The number of electrical vehicles (EVs) on the road has increased in recent years, including battery-electric vehicles (BEV), hybrid-electric vehicles (HEV), plug-in hybrid-electric vehicles (PHEVs), and fuel-cell electric vehicles (FCEV). This mode of transportation is expected to eventually replace internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles, based on current trends. Each key EV component integrates several technologies that are either currently in use or have the potential to become prominent in the future. Environmental, power systems, and other industries may be adversely affected by electric vehicles (EVs). With sufficient EV penetration, the current power system could be subjected to severe instabilities; nevertheless, with proper management and coordination, EVs can significantly contribute to the success of the smart grid concept. Moreover, EVs have the potential to significantly cut transportation-related emissions of greenhouse gases. However, there are still considerable barriers that EVs must overcome before they can completely replace ICEs. The purpose of this study is to review all the relevant information available on EV architectures, battery energy sources, charging processes, and control approaches. Its goal is to provide a comprehensive overview of current EV technology.
Restoration of a new age power distribution system
Authors: Haidari Moazzam , Kumar Vivek
Published: October 2022

The new age transformed distribution system became the most popular content in the literature. In that regard a simulation is attempted for the load flow with dynamically changing system data. Any topic of interest like electrical vehicle, distributed generators, FACTS devices were generalized and considered as an element and placed at different possible locations to observe their effect. The outcomes of the work were generalized to re-consider on site. As the power industry is undergoing a drastic change throughout the world. Restoration of a distribution system along with switching sequence has become a challenging task. In the last half of the twentieth century, analysis of transmission system was the prime concern and faced many challenges to power engineers. The chosen equivalent IEEE 33-bus electric power distribution system has been considered to analyze the system properties such as its maximum capacity, operating limits, restoration issues. The placement of static var compensator (SVC) was experimented for each and every bus. Considering the minimization of total power loss as a prime objective, the best location was found. This analysis also suggested a ranking of different buses and can be helpful in deciding the switching sequence, provided in case of fault, weak area clustering is done. So, congestion is managed in this distribution system.
Comparative analysis of features of online numerical methods used for parameter estimation of PMSM
Authors: Naikawadi Komal M. , Patil Sudhir Madhav , Kalantri Kapil , Dhanvijay Maneetkumar R.
Published: October 2022

As permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) have high power density, efficiency, good dynamic performance, and small size they are becoming popular in electric vehicle (EV) applications. Control performance and the efficiency of the system get affected due to electrical, mechanical parameters. Parameters value gets affected by voltage source inverter (VSI) non-linearities, temperature and magnetic saturation effects. If exact parameters for particular torque speed requirement are found, the efficiency of system increases. There are various offline and online methods for finding parameters. Offline methods are easy to implement but requires extra setup and estimate parameters in steady state. Because the effects of transient conditions are taken into account during identification, online methods for obtaining real-time data under running conditions are becoming more popular. An overview about online numerical methods to estimate electrical parameters of PMSM is given. It discusses difference between various methods in terms of computational cost, convergence speed, noise and identification error. Choosing of method will be easy using this work. For inductance estimation, the extended Kalman filter (EKF) algorithm has an identification error of 0.24% under temperature effect and -0.3% under VSI non-linearities effect. The identification error for Rs and ψf using the recursive least square (RLS) method is 0.5% and 0.02%, respectively, when temperature is considered. EKF and RLS algorithms are proposed.
A synchronization technique for single-phase grid applications
Authors: Smadi Issam A. , Albatran Saher A. , Ababneh Taher Q.
Published: October 2022

The utility grid disturbances like dc offset and harmonic components can severely affect the estimated variables from the phase-locked loop (PLL), resulting in poor performance of the system relying on it. Therefore, there is an emerging need for well-designed PLL algorithms ensuring robust response against different operating conditions. This paper proposes a simple single-phase PLL algorithm with inherent dc offset and specific harmonic orders rejection capability. Utilizing adaptive time-delay fictitious signal generation. A full mathematical model of the proposed PLL has been provided. The proposed PLL is compared with other filter-based single-phase PLLs, to validate its simplicity and excellent performance.
Voltage stability assessment prediction using a guide strategy-based adaptive particle swarm optimisation-neural network algorithm
Authors: Hussein Husham Idan , Naji Hassan Saadallah , Salman Ghassan Abdullah
Published: October 2022

In this work, the indicators of electrical power network stability and voltage stability (VS) are discussed and developed with the aim of using a power transfer stability index (PTSI) indicator as a predictor for voltage stability (VS) in electrical power networks. The power transfer stability index (PTSI) was thus used to detect abnormally weak voltages in buses within such power system networks (weak). The target data are obtained using the Newton Raphson method (NR) and include magnitude, phase angle, and active and reactive power. A new adaptive particle swarm optimization-neural network algorithm based on a guiding strategy (GSAPSO-NN) was also used to achieve the goal of the paper by improving the mixed particle updates and the weightings of the neural network to decrease the search time. All results were then compared with actual values as calculated using the PTSI NR method. The final results show only simple differences or approximately the same values using both the proposed and the classical methods. The MATLAB-PSAT package was employed to obtain most of these results and the testing of the new method was done on the IEEE14 bus system as well as the Iraqi 24-bus power system. The effectiveness validation of the new hybrid method for assessing voltage stability was thus achieved.
A 1 MHz soft-switching boost DC-DC converter with matching network
Authors: Jedi Hur , Hussain Ghasan Ali
Published: October 2022

This paper introduces a high-performance zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) boost converter, which is capable to operate under different load currents. By utilizing matching network, the proposed topology can achieve ZVS over a wide range of input voltages. Due to the switching loss is minimized, the proposed circuit is suitable for operation at switching frequencies on the order of several MHz. Steady-state analysis and detailed description of the proposed circuit are discussed. The power-loss and design procedure are introduced. The proposed converter has been simulated to verify the presented analytical approach at 1 MHz and deliver 80 W output. The peak power efficiency achieves 94.2%.
A new technique in reducing self-power consumption in the controller of off-grid solar home system
Authors: Islam Mohammad Shariful , Noor Siti Zaliha Mohammad , Mohamad Hasmaini , Salim Nur Ashida , Yasin Zuhaila Mat
Published: October 2022

Reducing the self-power consumption of an off-grid solar home system is an economic model in which consumer employs photovoltaic (PV) system for its own electrical requirements. The latch-based clock gating approach has been employed in existing solar charge controllers to reduce integrated circuit (IC) power being used in the low-powered intended mode, although the reducing power is limited. This paper presents a self-power reduction technique based on wake-up power and latch-hold time; which minimize power supply during idle time for a solar home system. Wake-up power introduces a push-switch mechanism using typical transistor technology. Latch-hold time function is designed using an operational amplifier and negative-positive-negative (NPN) transistor. A technique with dynamic self-supply mechanism is also introduced for decreasing self-power consumption. The self-power consumption is identified via simulation studies where the result shows that the power usage is 70% lower than traditional approaches. This is determined using a simulated wave-shape analysis.
A novel SVPWM for 3-phase to 5-phase conversion using matrix converter
Authors: Ramasamy Palanisamy , Vakesan Kalyanasundaram , Govindaraj Vijayakumar , Venkatarajan Shanmugasundaram , Chattopadhyay Saumitra , Sugavanam Vidyasagar
Published: October 2022

A novel matrix converter has been developed for 3-phase to 5-phase conversion using a novel space vector pulse width modulation. The matrix converter organized to generate 5-phase AC output voltage from 3-phase input voltage with help of SVPWM method; bidirectional power switches placed in matrix converter controlled by appropriate switching pulse. Space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) provides better utilization of applied input voltage, improved output voltage, reduced total harmonic distortion. The bidirectional switch used by the matrix converter decreases stress on the power switch and the influence of harmonic fluctuation in AC output voltage. When compared to traditional approaches, the suggested system offers improved output voltage and current control. Using MATLAB/Simulink and FPGA-cyclone controller, respectively, modelling and experimental results have been given to validate the proposed methodology.
Improved space vector modulation algorithm of 5-level three-phase z-source based cascaded inverter
Authors: Abdelkarim Ahfouda , Youcef Bekakra , Zellouma Laid , Toumi Djaafar , Ibrahim Ahmed , Aboelsaud Raef
Published: October 2022

The integration of a Z-source network with a 5-Level three-phase inverter based cascaded to provide voltage step-up function is proposed in this paper. The system is controlling by an improved space vector modulation (SVM) the implantation of algorithm and innovative virtual automated solutions can be considered, very fast and very simple. The main objective of the proposed system is to achieve an output voltage twice the applied input voltage, and to eliminate the largest amount of excess harmonic. This proposed model is characterized by the ease of boosting the output voltage twice the input voltage, depending on the characteristics of the Z-source network without the need for a DC-DC rectifier. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm for this system is characterized by improving the output voltage and eliminating a large number of harmonics while greatly simplifying the calculations compared to its conventional SVM. This makes the proposed system and its algorithm an interesting alternative to classical systems and algorithms. The simulation was processed using MATLAB/Simulink. The results obtained prove and verify the effectiveness of the proposed system. From the results, of the output current total harmonic distortion (THD), it was reduced to 1.05% which is very low compared to the other algorithms in the literature.
Impact of static synchronous compensator STATCOM installation in power quality improvement
Authors: Moufid Ismail , En-nay Zineb , Naciri Soukaina , Moussaoui Hassan El , Lamhamdi Tijani , Markhi Hassane El
Published: October 2022

The present work investigates the flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device's role to improve the voltage stability for a distribution network of various types of loads. Our analysis was based on using a static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) device over a test distribution system. Firstly, a detailed description of the mathematical model used in our system is presented. Then we studied the effect of inductive and capacitive loads with and without STATCOM. To investigate the efficacy and robustness of using STATCOM in a distribution network, a test system is developed using MATLAB/Simulink, where we analyzed the voltage profile in different cases. The results of the simulation demonstrate that the STATCOM plays a critical role in optimizing the voltage profiles of distribution systems, either capacitive or inductive.
Design and building of a battery charging system using hybrid solar tracker and electric trip based on FPAO-FLC
Authors: Abadi Imam , Musyafa Ali , Erwandha Kevin Gica , Fitriyanah Dwi Nur
Published: October 2022

The proposed system is a hybrid charging system between a solar tracker and an electric grid using two converter types. The photovoltaic (PV)-based solar tracker has powerful tools, but its weakness is when the absence of sunlight. With a combination of two resources, the weakness can overcome. The control so good is needed so that it can overcome those weaknesses too. This study uses the flower pollination algorithm optimization-fuzzy logic controller (FPAO-FLC). Results of control using FPAO-FLC has a value of a rising time of 0.0123 seconds, settling time of 2.1099 seconds, maximum overshoot of 6.08%, a peak time of 0.9246 seconds, and steady-state error of 3.43%. The efficiency of the ZETA converter using FPAO-FLC control in the tracking condition PV compared to the fixed condition has increased 43, 24%, and the state of charge (SOC) of the battery reaches 39.08%. The advantage of this hybrid system is that it has two modes of operation, which are automatic, including simultaneous and individual operating modes. The data collection results show that the energy obtained by the individual grid mode dan the individually solar tracker mode is 92.62 Wh and 310.38 Wh. The total energy obtained was 479.81 Wh.
Experimental and simulation approach of cooling system in 3-phase inverter using extended surface
Authors: Mukhlisin Agus , Megantoro Prisma , Rijanto Estiko , Sutantra I Nyoman , Awalin Lilik Jamilatul , Nugraha Yoga Uta , Sidharta Indra
Published: October 2022

Overheating is a failure mode that significantly affects the reliability of electronic devices. All electronic devices, including a 3-phase inverter driving a traction motor, produce heat dissipation. Heat dissipation needs to be controlled with cooling to prevent overheating. Overheating can be avoided by increasing cooling or reducing heat dissipation. Heat dissipation in the 3-phase inverter is caused by the internal resistance of the metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor (MOSFET), switching loss, and other factors. Cooling for the 3-phase inverter can use water coolant or air coolant. The cooling system is based on the amount of heat dissipation produced. Cooling of a 3-phase inverter can use air coolant with the addition of an extended surface area in the heat sink. The heat sink uses aluminum material, often called pin fin. There are kinds of aluminum available in the market. We calculated heat generation based on the MOSFET's internal resistance, switching loss, and other factors. We validated the simulation results experimentally using a thermal camera. Thus, we could find an optimal number, dimensions, and aluminum type of fin for the cooling system in the 3-phase inverter.
Evaluation of insulated gate bipolar transistor valve converter based unified power flow controller reliability and efficiency
Authors: Sreeshobha Eniganti , Swamy Raddymalla Linga
Published: October 2022

The effectiveness and reliability of the unified power flow controller (UPFC) are determined by the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) valve. Thermal losses, conduction losses, and switching losses in the IGBT valve all affect the efficiency of UPFC. The failure rate of the converter valves is influenced by junction temperature, which has an impact on the converter's reliability. Piecewise linear electrical circuit simulation (PLECS) was used to simulate two IGBT valve-based converter legs working at 12000 Hz, part number GT30F123. By reference to the switching characteristics produced by PLECS, switching losses, conduction losses, and thermal losses are analyzed. Simulation results are corroborated with analytical measurements. The chance of achieving 100%, 50%, and 0% functioning modes are among the reliability indices that are analyzed. The chance of achieving a hundred percent, fifty percent, or zero percent functioning mode is assessed. The frequency of achieving the state probability and mean time to failures (MTTF) are obtained from probabilities using the Markov model. The thermal losses, failure rate, and lifetime of the UPFC are all quantified to give a complete picture of the UPFC's performance.
Performance analyzes of a compact pico hydropower plant with a wide operating range
Authors: Irasari Pudji , Muqorobin Anwar , Widiyanto Puji , Nur Tajuddin , Diasta I Nengah , Soetikno Priyono
Published: October 2022

This paper analyzes the performance of a pico hydropower plant consisting of an axial hydro turbine integrated with a permanent magnet generator (PMG) and connected to a power converter. The proposed system is aimed to obtain a wide system operation range to gain more power captured while maintaining time-harmonic distortion in voltage (THDv) that meets the standard. The PMG specification is 1 kW, 1 phase, 235 V, 50 Hz, 83 rpm. The design and simulation of PMG were carried out by analytical and numerical calculations using FEMM 4.2. The power converter was simulated using PSIM and functions to reduce the THDv and pass the generator voltage between 50–500 V. The results show the THDv of the generating system at the upper and lower limits of the passed voltage having a THDv below 5%. Meanwhile, the PMG performance characteristics at various currents and rotations produce efficiency of 87.20% at nominal current. From these results, it can be concluded that the pico hydropower plant works well as desired.
A novel auxiliary unit based high gain DC-DC converter for solar PV system with MPPT control
Authors: Siva Asapu , Rajendran Vanitha
Published: October 2022

Solar photovoltaic (PV) system becomes popular to generate the electricity in Asian region and helps to reduce the burden to utility. The power converter plays crucial role to interconnect with DC- grid. Traditional type power DC-DC converter can able to extract the maximum power from solar PV. However, most of the applications, it often fails to meet the voltage level of the DC bus and additional converter is required to boosting p the DC voltage. In order to overcome this drawback, this paper proposes a novel DC-DC converter to extract the maximum power from solar PV and helps to enhance the voltage level to meet the DC-bus. The PV and IV characteristics of practical solar PV cell and mathematical modelling have been done and implemented the same to proposed high gain converter. The maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm and operation details are addressed and the detailed operation waveform of proposed high voltage gain DC-DC converter with mathematical evident is reported in this paper. The simulation study was carried out in the PSCAD/EMDTC software. From the measured results, it is investigated in further to validate the MPPT operation, gain values achievement and performance analysis of proposed converter. The corresponding explanations and results are presented in this article.
A new innovative current controller for selective harmonic compensation using active power filters in a microgrid with renewable energy source
Authors: Firoozian Mohammad , Hosseinian Seyyed Hossein , Abedi Mehrdad
Published: October 2022

In this paper, a novel current controller for selective compensation with active power filter (APF) in a microgrid (MG) is proposed. Power generation with sinusoidal voltage and high quality is essential in the microgrid. Hence, a current control-based method for shunt active power filters aiming to compensate the selective harmonic is proposed. Also, voltage source converter is used in the APF to improve MG power quality. Using the suggested control method can reduce total harmonic distortion (THD). The obtained results from the MATLAB simulations proved the superior of our method than other methods to decrease the current harmonic in a microgrid to an admissible area. Additionally, the practical results obtained from the implementation of the proposed control approach on an actual microgrid confirm the efficacy of the proposed method.
An efficient of estimation the load profile analysis of photo voltaic system with different shading of local city
Authors: Allw Ali Sabri , Duhis Ahmed Hussein , Al-Ghanimi Ali
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we analysis the last technology of photovoltaic (PV) system and the main effective factors of operation in unique efficiency and optimize performance. the first of all we take the general view of physical aspects of sun light and motion of earth with respect of sun position, and analysis of light spectrum and its effect for each regen from spectrum on PV. We illustrated the results of variation of irradiance from deferent sites and show size system for same energy demand. We start by analysis of load-by-load profile working and go through to specify the economic azimuth degree and altitude degree depend on load profile and final put some technical suggestions to minimize the effect of shading and benefit from using a new technology by face shield (half cut cell). These calculations are proposed to make available well originated and equivalent important information so as to allow PV strategies to change quicker obsessed by arenas of application with different shading of local cityin AL-Mausaib Babylon, Iraq. The ratios of shading conditions (10%, 25%, 50%, 75%) and without shading were used as effectiveness restrictions. The outcomes confirmation that the performance of PV system is extensively reduced and the system can’t control the batteries, if the shading close 75% or additional for single panel.
Application of PV systems in the process of drying fish for traditional fisherman
Authors: Desnanjaya I Gusti Made Ngurah , Wiguna I Komang Arya Ganda , Nugraha I Made Aditya
Published: October 2022

The catch of fish is so large and often not completely sold, causing the fish to be wasted for free. This situation even indirectly causes environmental pollution around the area where fishermen live. To overcome this problem, a fish drying machine was made using a PV system. This tool is also a form of solving the problem of the traditional fish drying process which is sometimes not clean, safe, and depends on direct sunlight. This PV system can meet 169.95% of the need for 240 Wh/day of electrical energy from fish dryers. PV system can produce electrical energy for 407.81 Wh/day, where the largest energy can reach 520 Wh and the smallest is 160.8 Wh. The results of the analysis of the impact of using fish dryers socially and economically also gave significant results (p<0.005), where there was an increase from before and after the use of fish dryers experienced by fishermen. When viewed from the perspective of fishermen on the tool, the accuracy of the use of the tool, the benefit factor, and the shape of the fish dryer, the fishermen gave a good response, with an average value of
 4.19-5.26.
Fundamental study on the impacts of water-cooling and accumulated dust on photovoltaic module performance
Authors: Alwesabi Fawaz Ahmed Ali , Aziz Ali Saleh , Rahim Mohamad Shukor Abdul , Tajuddin Mohammad Faridun Naim , Mohammed Mohd Fayzul , Azmi Azralmukmin , Satterlee Chris , Ayob Shahrin Md , Sutikno Tole
Published: October 2022

Photovoltaic (PV) modules have been becoming well-spread recently as alternative clean energy sources to traditional energy sources due to their efficiency and sustainability benefits. This paper applied various water temperatures and artificial dust levels to a couple of monocrystalline PV modules under outdoor conditions to observe their performance. Two different IV tracers were connected separately to each module for comparison purposes. Two temperature sensors were installed at the back of the panels to observe the cell temperatures. Besides, a temperature sensor was specified for ambient readings. Water flowed through an adjustable water-flow sensor to cool the overheated PV module using specific mass flow rates. The results indicate that the efficiency of the PV module starts to reduce when the panel temperature begins to surpass 49.1°C. It was discovered that cooling the PV module increases its efficiency from 0.97 percent at the lowest rate to 4.70 percent at the highest rate. Furthermore, accumulated dust on the PV module top surface can be reduced up to 3-fold under 110 g/m2 of dust, and up to 29.30% under 10 g/m2 of 100% of its generated energy. Improvement techniques and future work on PV module performance are also discussed.
Maximum power point tracking of photovoltaic array using fuzzy logic control
Authors: Toumi Djaafar , Benattous Djilani , Ibrahim Ahmed , Tarek Bedida , Zobeidi Messaoud , Fethi Khelaifa , Serhoud Hicham , Labbi Yacine , Aboelsaud Raef , Obukhov Sergey , Boussabeur Mohamed Tayeb
Published: October 2022

This research introduces the simulation of photovoltaic (PV) array to track the peak point (MPPT) using fuzzy logic control. Therefore, real time simulation is performed in MATLAB/Simulink based on a PV model, boost converter and fuzzy logic-based tracker. A comparative study is carried out against perturb and observe (P&O) controller. The fuzzy logic technique based tracker can successfully track the maximum power point very fast and has precise control when compared to the P&O algorithm. The overall we conclude that the MPPT using the fuzzy logic technique takes a fast response and can improve the performance of the PV system.
Penetration of renewable sources through solar systems: a case study Kosovo
Authors: Bylykbashi Blerina , Hoxha Bukurije
Published: October 2022

This paper analyzes the potential of solar energy and the efficiency of a solar system for real measurements. During the analysis, one-year radiation measurements for the city of Pristina were used. Analyzes show a high potential for exploitation. What affects the increase of efficiency of such systems is the possibility of use throughout the year.  For each respective month is shown the potential of thermal energy that can be achieved and efficiency. The paper highlights the role of solar energy in maximizing the penetration of renewable sources. The analysis shows that in August the coverage of the needs for hot sanitary water from the proposed solar system is 99% and minimally in January by 16%. Taking into account the seasonal changes that apply to the country, I consider that a possible combination of central heating systems with those of sanitary water - solar system would be an adequate solution.