bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Feasibility of Railway Washing Wastewater Disposal by Improved CRI
Authors: Cao Shi Chao , Li Yuan Fu , Li Zhao Yu , Qian Xiao Yi , Xia Lie , Xu Wen Lai
Published: October 2011

Railway washing wastewater, containing a large number of carbohydrates, fat, protein, cellulose, and other organic pollutants, will cause serious pollution, result in production of foul-smelling matter, impact on the survival of aquatic life and hinder the sustainable development of railway transport, if the wastewater is directly discharged into the nature water body. At present, the main treatment processes for railway washing wastewater are physical and chemical treatments which are inefficient, unstable and expensive and can not meet the requirements of water recycling, so a treatment process suitable for railway washing wastewater is badly in need of research and development. The constructed rapid infiltration (CRI), an ecological wastewater treatment technology, excels at treating wastewater especially toward CODcr，BOD5 and SS. But the efficiency of TP removal in CRI is inefficient. In order to improve efficiency of TP removal, sponge iron is added to the traditional CRIs. To determine the feasibility of railway washing wastewater disposal by CRI, the washing waste water of Chengdu Railway Administration was selected as test sample. Traditional CRIs and improved CRIs were applied to treat the washing waste water and degradation kinetics characteristics of TP were studied, the results show that: when average TP concentration of inflow is 6.24mg/L, in traditional CRIs and improved CRIs, average TP concentration of outflow are 4.17mg/L and 1.40mg/L respectively, average efficiency of phosphorus removal are 33.03% and 77.50% respectively; as the TP concentrations of inflow increase, TP concentrations of outflow increase accordingly but the removal rates of TP are stable. Because of addition of sponge iron, the removal rate of TP in improved CRIs is more 44% than traditional CRIs. The results of this experiment show that: Improved CRI is a clean, cheap and ecological technology which is suited for the railway washing wastewater treatment and can promote the sustainable development of traffic engineering, reduce the negative impact on the ecological environment and make railway traffic compatible with resources, environment and social economy.
Application of Cationic Starch Graft Copolymer in Flocculating of Wastewater from Bleaching
Authors: Liu Quan Xiao , Xu Wen Cai , Li Jin Li
Published: October 2011

Corn starch, acrylamide and diallyl dimethyl ammonium were used as the raw materials and ammonium persulfate as initiator, cationic starch graft copolymer was prepared, and then the prepared cationic starch graft copolymer is applied to flocculate wastewater from bleaching. The results show that The flocculation of cationic starch graft copolymer to wastewater from increases first and then decreases after the reach of the peak with the increase of the cationic degree of the cationic starch graft copolymer, addition amount, flocculating temperature and flocculating time. When the cationic degree of the cationic starch graft copolymer is 27.38%, the addition amount is 7.5%, the flocculating temperature is 50°C and the flocculating time is 30min, the flocculation of cationic starch graft copolymer to wastewater is the best. The flocculation of alum/cationic starch graft copolymer is better than cationic starch graft copolymer is used only. Introduction
A Feasibility Study of Wastewater Containing Pb(II) Recovery Using Electrodialysis Reversal
Authors: Chen Jun , Jiang Yi Feng
Published: October 2011

Lead is a highly toxic heavy metal. The investigation was conducted to remove Pb(II) from storage battery industry wastewater by using electrodialysis (ED) in laboratory. The storage battery industry wastewater has an initial Pb(II) concentration of 8.5 mg/L. The performance of ED is determined by a set of fixed and variable process parameters such as inlet concentration, operating current density, and operating flow rate. Like all the efficient ED operations, the process has to be optimized in terms of overall costs considering cell component designs and properties as well as all operating parameters. Under the conditions of operating current density at 3 A/cm2, liquid flow rate of 300 L/h and circulation time of 5~6, the Pb(II) concentration of storage battery industrial outlet wastewater can be reduced to below 0.01mg/L and the conductivity could be reduced below 10 s/cm. The treated water could be reused in the manufacture of storage battery. A mathematical correlationship of Jlim＝10.379V0.5324C, which described the characteristics of the equipment, was finally obtained. The results showed that Pb(II) wastewater of the storage battery industry could be effective treated by ED and the separation process presented several advantages such as highly selective desalination, high water recovery and the possibility of an intermittent operation. Operation cost of the EDR mini-plant was also estimated in this project. Total operation cost including electricity fee and chemical cost is about $0.102/m3 of treated water.
Study on the Reuse of Solid Waste from Coal-Fired Power Plants
Authors: Li Dong Mei , Dong Xue Feng , Guo Yang , Li Yuan , Wu Wen Long
Published: October 2011

Lime residuals left from water softening process reused as desulferizer in the coal-fired power plants has been reported. The active composition (CaO) is 43.06 %. 98.77% of lime residuals are particles smaller than 45 µm. The dissolution rate of lime residuals is higher than that of limestone. The results show that the reuse of lime residuals shall facilitate the absorbance of SO2 and enhance the efficiency of desulfurization. Additional corrosion of apparatus and pipes, the slurry bubble or overflow has not been observed during the experiment. The water consumption can be largely reduced, and the gypsum matches the reuse standard. Coal ashes and gypsum are concluded for many kinds of applications.
The Relationship between THMFP and the Variation of Fluorescence Characteristic of DOM among the Different Bio-Treatment Processes
Authors: Han Yun , Ma Su Ting
Published: October 2011

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from different biological treated wastewater in secondary effluent of different municipal wastewater treated plants are isolated and fractionated using resin adsorption into five different fractions: hydrophobic bases (HOB), hydrophobic acids (HOA), hydrophilic bases (HIB), hydrophilic acids (HIA) and hydrophilic neutrals (HIN). The characteristics of three dimensional excitation emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy (3DEEM) and disinfection by-products formation potential (THMFP) of each fraction are investigated. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of different biological processes on THMs generation and transformation. The results show that for each municipal wastewater treated plant, HIA and HOA fractions content more fulvic-like acid and humic-like acid, which are the important matter to result the higher THMFP. THMFP of HIA rang from 736μg/L to 359μg/L in the secondary effluent. It shows that acidic organic matters are important THMs precursors, especially fulvic-like acids and humic-like acids. The Orbal oxidation ditch process can lead to the highest THMFP, and secondly is the Convert A2/O process.
Recycling Limestone Dust Waste for Thai Pottery Production
Authors: Sangsuk Supin , Khunton Srichalai , Nilpairach Siriphan
Published: October 2011

In this project, limestone dust from a limestone crushing plant was mixed with several pottery clays from the Northeasetern part of Thailand, i.e., Ban Ponsai, Ban Tha Hai, Ban Nanuan and Ban Nam Kamnoi. The limestone dust was sieved and then mixed with 4 sources of clays at 50 wt%. Samples with and without limestone dust were sintered at 700°C for 1 h. Compared to the samples without limestone dust, the samples with limestone dust showed higher flexural strength and slightly higher water absorption, but lower linear firing shrinkage. Furthermore pottery was produced using the mixture of pottery clay and limestone dust.
Microwave Regeneration of Field-Spent Granular Activated Carbon from Power Plants
Authors: Fu Yi , Wang Luo Chun , Zhou Zhen
Published: October 2011

Granular activated carbon (GAC) is extensively used to remove natural organic matter and residential chlorine in water treatment process of power plant. After being used, the spent GAC needs to be regenerated in order to save on operation costs and reduce solid waste disposal. In this study, microwave technique was tried to regenerate the field-spent GAC from a power plant. The effect of microwave power, irradiation time and hydrochloric acid pretreatment were investigated, it was found that microwave could recover the adsorption capacity of GAC within a short time and the tannic acid adsorption efficiency of regenerated GAC was 9 times greater than spent GAC; hydrochloric acid pretreatment could improve the regeneration process, it showed the highest removal efficiency and iodine number, 99.6% and 859 mg/g respectively. The results obtained from SEM-EDX showed that hydrochloric acid pretreatment could remove inorganic matter and other impurities of GAC. All these indicate that microwave technique can effectively regenerate field-spent GAC, and hydrochloric acid pretreatment is an important process before regeneration.
Effect of Flocculation of Cationic Polyacrylamide on the Migration Rate of Suspended Particles
Authors: Wang Jian Jun , Sha Zuo Liang , Wang Xue Kui
Published: October 2011

The effects of concentration of cationic polyacrylamide and pH-value on the migration rate of suspended particles have been measured by a Turbiscan Lab dispersion stability analyzer. The results showed that the migration rate of the suspended particles increases with the increase of concentration of cationic polyacrylamide between 40 and 70mg/L and decreases with the increase of its concentration between 70 and 90mg/L. The migration rate of suspended particles decreases with increasing pH-value or settling time.
Study of Earthworms Treating Municipal Wastewater in Cold Regions
Authors: Li Zhi Fen , Ma Tai Ling
Published: October 2011

Earthworms have synchronous function in sewage purification, sludge stabilization and reduction. Earthworms used in sewage treatment are energy-efficient and high assurance, and show remarkable economic and environmental benefits. The material being in keeping with sustainable development has “ecological equilibrium” and “environment-friendly” two distinct characteristic. This paper analyzes Influence factors of handling techniques. Besides it studies the technical and economic feasibility of technology applied in cold regions and finds a new method for the reuse of sewage and sludge in cold regions.
A New Evaluation Method of Scale Inhibitors for Controlling CaCO3 Scale in Reverse Osmosis System Based on pH Measurement
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ni , Wu Wen Long , Li Dong Mei , Zhao Guang Jin
Published: October 2011

A new rapid evaluation method of reverse osmosis (RO) scale inhibitors based on pH measurement has been reported. Five scale inhibitors, Amino Trimethylene Phosphonic Acid (ATMP), Hydrolyzed Polymaleic Anhydride (HPMA), GE-Argo, PTP-0100 and TPTO-150, each at the dose of 1 ppm was added for evaluating the performance of CaCO3 scale controlling. Brine pH was the only measured parameter at periodic time intervals. The criterion was that the pH drops, the precipitate occurs. We can compare the efficacy against CaCO3 by calculating the supersaturation value of CaCO3. The test results show that Argo is the best effective inhibitor and HPMA is the worst of all. This method with high sensitivity and accuracy is fit for screening out scale inhibitors before RO dynamic test.
Preparation and Characterization of BaTiO3/ PVDF Inorganic-Organic Composite Ultrafiltration Membranes
Authors: Chen Ling Di , Jin Guo Xi , Wu Xiao Bo , Lang Wan Zhong , Sun Da Zhi
Published: October 2011

Abstract.BaTiO3-PVDF(polyvinylidene fluoride) composite ultrafiltration membranes were prepared by a phase separation method.The surface and cross-section of the membranes were investigated by atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscope.The results showed that the morphology of PVDF membrane can be disturbed by BaTiO3.Albumin bovine serum retention and the water flux of the blend membrane increase.The phenomenon is discussed in terms of the modification of spongy layer and finger-like structure in the blend polymer.
Study on the Mode of Subarea and Rebuilding of City Water Supply System Based on Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Lu Hai , Shao Chen
Published: October 2011

By analyzing the present status of water supply system of our country, the concept of subarea of city water supply system is detailed. Pointing out that the subarea is the foundation of optimal control. Then the method of subarea based on the boundary of water supply and the pressure of the nodes is brought forward, and how to programming between and in the small area is discussed. Through subarea, the functions of pipes are definite. So we can more easily compute the flow of some area, control the pressure of pipes, optimize the water supply system. Thus, the aim to reducing the pipe leaks and improving the benefit on economy is obtained.
Assessment of Reduction Measure for Seismicresponse of Bridge Decks during near-Source Earthquakes
Authors: Hai Su
Published: October 2011

During the strong near-source ground motions, adjacent bridge decks often collide each other because of the insufficient separations. Pounding can cause severe bridge damage, or even result in unseating if the seating length is not enough. In this study, the bridge structure is modeled by a finite element method. The subsoil is represented by steel springs and viscous dampers. The considered reduction measure consists of steel springs with additional friction element. The nonlinear analysis is performed in the time domain. The considered earthquakes are the 1994 Northridge earthquake and the 1995 Kobe earthquake. The reduction of the relative displacement and pounding forces of the two bridge decks is investigated. The investigations reveal that the proposed reduction measure can be used to reduce the seismic responses between two bridge decks with their neighboring abutments.
Research on the Green Cutting Process with Water Vapor for the Cooling Lubricant
Authors: Ren Jin Jing , Ren Jia Long , Wang Yan , Yu Feng Lei
Published: October 2011

From the perspective of clean production process, this paper summarizes the present research status of green cooling machining at home and abroad and analyzes the problems of coolant cooling during machining metal materials in traditional method and. The green cutting process tests using water vapor for cooling lubricant were done and the single-factor method was used. The cutting tests for the high-temperature alloy GH4169, titanium alloy TC4 and stainless steel Cr12 were done by the carbide cutting toolsunder th condition of distilled water, emulsion, water vapor for cooling lubricant and dry cutting. These tests results showed that in same process parameters, main cutting force Fc can be reduced by about 30%, 26% and 22% respectively when using water vapor for cooling lubricant than using dry cutting, distilled water and emulsion, while the cutting temperature T can be decreased by about 12%, 6% and 3% respectively.
Preparation of Cellulosic Adsorbent for Heavy Metal Ions with Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Zhao Bao Xiu , Shu Jie , Zheng Li Na , Wei Yuan , Yang Fan
Published: October 2011

A new kind of cellulosic adsorbent for heavy metal ions was prepared by grafting copolymerization in microwave irradiation field, where acrylic acid (AA) and acrylamide (AM) were used as monomers and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) was used as bond. The effects of factors such as microwave irradiation power and time, dosage of initiator (sodium persulfate) and crosslinker (N, N’-methylene bisacrylamide), and neutralization degree on the adsorption for Cu2+ were investigated. Experimental results showed that the optimal conditions were as follows: microwave irradiation power and time was 360 W and 3.5 min, respectively; dosage of initiator and crosslinker was 4.1 g/L and 1.9 g/L, respectively, and neutralization degree was 75%.
Hydrolytic Stability of Reactive Black 5 and the Preparation of Ink
Authors: Bai Xue , Qin Guo Sheng , Zhang Ya Tao , Zhang Hao Qin , Liu Jin Dun
Published: October 2011

Abstract. The effects of temperature and pH value on hydrolytic stability of Reactive Black 5, and the effects of pH buffer on pH value stability of dye solution and ink prepared by Reactive Black 5 are studied in this paper. The results show that the final pH value decrease with the increase of temperature, both elimination reaction rate and hydrolysis reaction rate of Reactive Black 5 increase with the increase of temperature, and elimination reaction is the main factor of affecting pH value of dye solution at low temperature, but hydrolysis reaction will become the main factor at high temperature. The increase of initial pH value can increase the decrease rate of pH value of dye solution in the beginning time, Reactive Black 5 can keep at equilibrium state of elimination reaction and hydrolysis reaction at the pH value of 4.4 and temperature of 40 °C, and the elimination reaction rate will increase with the increase of initial pH value at 40 °C. Adding pH buffers into dye solutions can significantly reduce the decrease extent of pH values, and the pH buffer of NaH2PO4/ Na2HPO4 has the strongest ability of stabilizing pH value, the increase of amount of NaH2PO4/ Na2HPO4 can reduces the decrease extent of pH value, and the initial pH value of dye solution increases with the increase of proportion of Na2HPO4 in the pH buffer. When applied in ink, NaH2PO4/ Na2HPO4 still has the strongest ability of stabilizing pH value while it has little effects on properties of ink.
Research of Ecological Footprint Application in Foreign and China
Authors: Li Ying , Guo Ting Ting , Li Pan Pan
Published: October 2011

Ecological footprint model is the main method of evaluating ecological carrying capacity and currently the model has been widely used in foreign and China. According to three scale of global, nation and urban, the study cases of ecological application model application in foreign countries are introduced and according to three scale of China and province, city and county ,the study cases of ecological footprint model are described in China. Those study cases provide references for the application of ecological footprint model in Chinese small areas.
Chromosome Aberrations Induced by 5-Azacytine in the Root Tips of Wheat Carrying the Gametocidal Chromosome 3C
Authors: Guo Chang Hong , Su Wen Yue , Cong Wen Wen , Wu Lei , Wang Dan
Published: October 2011

When the gametocidal chromosome 3C from Aegilops triuncialis was introduced into common wheat, it was preferentially transmitted and it had severe Gc action in Chinese Spring (CS). In this study, we used the root tips of Chinese Spring and Chinese Spring carrying the gametocidal chromosome 3C to analyze the relationship between gametocidal action and DNA methylation. They were treated with the hypomethylation agent 5-azacytine (5-AC) in 100µM concentration. In the root tips of Chinese Spring we observed abnormal division at a low frequency, which less than 1%. In contrast, in Chinese Spring-Gametocidal chromosome 3C disomic addition line a mass of chromosome aberrations were observed and the major form was chromosome breakage. This suggested that during early seed development chromosome breakage induced by the gametocidal chromosome 3C was repressed by DNA methylation. In addition, after 5-AC treatment the amount of chromosome breakage might be relative to Gc action.
Implicit Bidiagonal Numerical Scheme for Simulation of 2D Flood Waves
Authors: Sun Guang Cai
Published: October 2011

This paper is concerned with a mathematical model for numerical simulation of 2D flood waves due to partial dam-break. The governing water equations are solved by an implicit bidiagonal numerical scheme, based on the MacCormack’s predictor-corrector technique. The mathematical model is used to compute 2D flood waves due to partial instantaneous symmetrical dam-break in a rectangular open channel with a rectangular cylinder barrier downstream. Results, in terms of water velocity vectors and contours of water depth, water surface, following dam-break phenomena, are investigated in the two-dimensional problems.
Research on the Factors of Introducing Chloride Ion of Hydraulic Support Transmission Medium and the Controlling Ways
Authors: Zhou Jia , Shao Qun , Xu Hui , Ma Xiao Cheng , Li Sen
Published: October 2011

Hydraulic system is the core driving power of hydraulic support, and its performance directly affects the use of hydraulic support. The content of chloride ion in hydraulic transmission medium is one of the important reasons for the working failure of hydraulic support. Nowadays our country mainly uses the simply treated mine water as fluid in the hydraulic support system. In order to ensure hydraulic support can work safely and reliably underground, this study selected two representative kinds of mine fields in Huainan coal mine area, focusing on the analysis of the various factors which influence the introduction of chloride ion in the transmission medium of hydraulic support, and exploring the solution. The experimental results showed that different crude mine water and different water treatment processes were the main factors of introducing chloride ion. The study has important guiding significance of safely using Electro-hydraulic Control System in hydraulic support and achieving high productivity and high efficiency of the fully mechanized working face.
Evapotranspiration Retrieval in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas
Authors: Li Qin , Chen Xi , Bao An Ming
Published: October 2011

A typical arid area in China is the province of Xinjiang. The objective of this paper is to present a description of a method based on the energy balance and evaporative fraction, which is obtained by broadband albedo and land surface temperature, to estimate evapotranspiration (ET) in Arid Areas. In Arid areas, the ET always fluctuates from 0 to 2mm in the most part of region in 2005, especially the Tarim, Junggar and Turpan basins. In the mountain especially Tian-shan mountain and crop land of oasis, ET values rises 6mm.
Evapotranspiration Estimates from Eddy Covariance Tower in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas
Authors: Li Qin , Chen Xi , Bao An Ming
Published: October 2011

The Fukang Station of Desert Ecology is the desert grassland ecosystem. The objective of this paper is to based on the character of latent heat flux in one day measured by eddy covariance tower site during the growing season, the fitting equations of monthly average latent heat flux of grass are obtained in the desert ecology system and the mean R2 is 0.93. It is important to the time scale extended of ET in arid areas and semi-arid areas.
Optimal Operation of Complicated Giant Hydropower Stations Based on Decomposition-Coordination Method
Authors: Yang Kan , Liu Guo Shuai , Hao Yong Huai , Zhou Ran , Zheng Jiao , Cheng Zhuo
Published: October 2011

Aiming at the problem of joint optimal operation at the five hydropower plants of Three Gorges and Qing River cascades, the paper adopts three-class structure to decompose and coordinate the optimal problem, which takes the maximum system power benefit as the optimization criterion under considering the flow propagation and the variable price factor. This paper derives the iterative formula of decomposition coordination method and identifies the convergence conditions of problem. The study case of Three Gorges and Qing River cascades in different conditions shows that total output of joint optimal operation is bigger than that of cascade single operation. Three Gorges and Shuibuya with large capacity of regulation, have larger output in power systems correspondingly when inflow is the same. In addition, this method is also effective in reducing the resolving time of giant hydropower stations optimal operation and improving the operational efficiency.
Groundwater Hydrograph Patterns in North China Plain during 1982-1986 Interpreted Using Principal Component Analysis
Authors: Zhang Rui Gang
Published: October 2011

The groundwater table depths from 1982 to 1986 of 58 unconfined wells in North China Plain(NCP) were analyzed using principal component analysis method. Results showed there were mainly three hydrograph patterns over the area: increasing trend with steady moderate seasonal fluctuations in Taihang Mountain piedmont area; decreasing trend with large seasonal fluctuation magnitudes in central plain of NCP; increasing-decreasing trend with large variance of fluctuation magnitude in piedmont of Yan Mountain piedmont.The distribution of precipitation, irrigating abstraction, and water table depths were the main factors determining the hydrograph patterns and their distribution.
Preparation and Characterization of Antimicrobial PES Ultra-Filtration Membrane Modified with Capsaicin
Authors: Wang Han Min , Gao Xue Li , Su Bao Wei , Gao Cong Jie
Published: October 2011

The polyethersulfone ultra-filtration membrane was prepared by phase inversion method using polyethersulfone(PES), polyethylene glycol 400(PEG400) and N，N- dimethylamide(DMAC) as materials, and was modified by adding a capsaicin monomer named MBHBA which possess antibacterial property. The effects of MBHBA content on the ultra-filtration membrane performance were discussed. The results showed that the addition of MBHBA monomer effectively increased the membrane flux. And the modified membrane had strong inhibitory activity against Escherichia coli.
Research on Non-Point Source Pollution Resulted from Livestock Breeding in Jiangxi Province
Authors: Zheng Ning , Fu Chun
Published: October 2011

In recent years, continuous and steady development of livestock breeding in Jiangxi Province, while brings enormous economic benefits to society, also has brought great impaction on natural environment. This paper estimated the output of pollutants (CODcr、BOD5、NH3-N、TP 、TN) and average TP/TN load on unit area of farmland from livestock breeding in Jiangxi province and analyzed the distribution characteristics of pollutants during 2007--2009. During these three years, output of main pollutants (CODcr, BOD5, NH3-N, TP and TN) from livestock breeding in Jiangxi Province increased slightly; the high load regions of TP/TN were mainly distributed in the areas with high total and those with relatively smaller area of farmland although the output is lower. Researches indicated that the output of pollutants from livestock breeding in Jiangxi Province had exceeded the local farmland bearing capability. Relevant departments should readjust the agricultural production structure following the principles of unified planning and rational distribution in order to effectively control non-point pollution from livestock breeding.
Research on Tactics of Water Diversion of Lake Dong
Authors: Guo Xiao Ming , Kang Ling
Published: October 2011

Lake Dong located in Wuhan is the largest urban lake in China. It has lost ecosystem functions with the economic development in recent years. The Lake Dong Ecological Water Network Project will reestablish the hydraulic connection between the Yangtze River and Lake Dong by diverting water from the river. In order to make a scientific water diversion scheme, a hydrodynamic and water quality model was established. Orthogonal curvilinear coordinate in horizontal direction and sigma coordination transformation in vertical direction were used. The model was verified using the observed COD concentration and applied to simulate three scenes of water diversion. By comparing the average COD of some sub-lakes in different scenes, a tactics of water diversion was proposed so as to provide a scientific basis for the project.
Study on Imaging Arsenic Aggregates in Porous Media by X-Ray Difference Micro-Tomography
Authors: Peng Dao Ping , Huang Tao , Meng Chun Xiao
Published: October 2011

In order to investigate the change of internal structure of porous media caused by arsenic deposition, X-ray difference micro-tomography was used to characterize the distribution of arsenic aggregates within porous media by scanning a series of arsenic samples prepared in the laboratory and arsenic-rich fluvial sediments from the Río Loa in Chile. After image processing, background noise in the tomograms was reduced and arsenic information was enhanced. Then the processed images were used to generate 3D spatial distribution datasets of arsenic in the media. Tools like Avizo6 and Blob3D were used to reconstruct and visualize the 3D datasets. 3D visualization showed that arsenic accumulated in the pore space and grain surface; arsenic aggregates of different sizes had distinctly different morphologies, which small aggregates tended to be spherical while big aggregates were relatively flat. These results show that difference micro-tomography can be used to observe the pre- and post-deposition structure of porous media, without any destruction to the samples.
Study on the Influence Factors of Water Environment Change in Zhaocun Reservoir
Authors: Zeng Chun Fen , Wang La Chun , Zhang Feng Tai , Wang Wei
Published: October 2011

Abstract. Based on the twenty years’ hydrologic data and water quality materials from the year 2005 to 2010, this article studies the water environment changes of reservoir type water source and the water quality protection countermeasures. Through the analysis, it founds that, with the increase of the rainfall, voluminous non-point source pollution was brought to water. The increase of rainfall runoff influences differently to the reservoir's major pollutants -TN and TP. The increase of the rainfall runoff has a dilute effect on TN; with the increase of the rainfall runoff, the TP threshold will increase.
Study on Solar Automatic Waterfall-Type Aeration System
Authors: Wei Qi Qi , Tan Bei Yue
Published: October 2011

photovoltaic system, optimum tilted angle, siphon principle, water treatment Abstract. Based on the recent research at home and abroad and the local meteorological data, this study aims to determine the optimum tilt angle of the solar-cell array surface and the best month on the system to achieve the optimal design of PV system. Full mechanical automatic control system is designed by using lever principle and siphon principle to realize the purpose of all-day and maintenance-free operational situation. It can replace the motor control system and at the same time，enjoys reliability, low cost, long life and energy conservation. The indoor and local river data of the experiment shows that this system has an evident effect on water decontamination. Furthermore， comparing with traditional aeration system. It has many advantages, for instance, it can save more than 20 thousand and carbon emission can be reduced by 683 ton and other aspects.
Dominant Factors Influencing Overall Temporal Sedimentation Rates at Loagan Bunut Lake, Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Authors: Dagang R.B. , Lau S. , Sayok A.K.
Published: October 2011

This paper is to predict dominant factors influencing temporal sedimentation rates at Loagan Bunut Lake using best-fit model of sedimentation rate and distance from Bunut River. The lake is a flood plain lake located in Sarawak, Malaysia. Twenty two cylindrical traps were installed at the lake from November 2005 until April 2008. Each sample was collected after about four to five months of deployment. Dry sedimentation rates from the traps and the linear distances from Trap 1 located at the confluence of Bunut River were measured. The factors that influence the temporal sedimentation at the lake were both internal and external physical changes of the lake. The factors were net ws (net Stoke’s settling velocity) and water volume in the lake for suspended sediment distribution.
Evaluation of Soil Fertility in Red Soil Eroded Watershed Based on GIS and Geostatistics
Authors: Chen Hai Bin , Chen Zhi Biao , Huang Kun , Chen Zhi Qiang
Published: October 2011

The evaluation of soil fertility in Zhuxi watershed was studied based on the methods of Geostatistics and GIS. The results showed that the higher soil fertility area was distributed on farmland in the downstream, the lowest soil fertility area was distributed in the central part of the watershed where soil was eroded seriously. The overall of soil fertility was low, the percentage of area was less than 10% in grade 1 and grade 2 which fertility were better, the area of grade 4 taken more than 50%, the area of grade 5 which fertility was lowest still more than 20%. It was indicated that although soil erosion was controlled for years in this watershed, soil fertility was still poor, restoration was a long-term process. The evaluation of soil fertility based on Geostatistics and GIS, which demonstrated that the soil fertility rapidly and intuitive, and give practical application for the results of Geostatistics.
Soil Moisture Research of Revegetation Area on Slop of Yingrui Highway in the Spring
Authors: Long Chun Ying
Published: October 2011

The research object is slop near Yingrui highway, we mainly used oven drying method, combined with TDR, carrying out different vegetation types in interchange area and different substrates types in slope area about dynamic monitoring soil moisture in the spring. According to the result, The daily dynamic of the 2 types of slop soil moisture content has no obvious regular pattern, but each time the moisture content in soil slope are higher than rocky slope. We can get the conclusion after variance analysis, the main factors which influencing the discretion of the soil moisture content in slope and interchange area are the slope matrix type and the different vegetation reconstruction mode in interchange area. Meanwhile, according to the data, which we applied to the same experiment with both TDR and oven drying method, and after comparative analysis, we think, it’s completely effective to make TDR applied in deep soil moisture determination in some places such as interchange area, but the data about shallow soil moisture determination which got from the places such as in side slope is inaccurate. We should be more cautious when using it.
Ecological Benefit Evaluation of the Beijing-Tianjin Sandstom Source Control Project in Beijing
Authors: Chen Yuee , Wu Qing , Chen Nan Xiang
Published: October 2011

The Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project started formal implementation in 2001, This paper construct a set of ecological benefit evaluation system about the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control engineering of Beijing, using the monitoring data of Beizhuang monitoring stations of Miyun country of Beijin, Choosing analytic hierarchy process(AHP) to evaluate the ecological environment of Beijing, The result shows that Beijing ecological environment is becoming better year after year and the Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control project effect is remarkable.
Study on the Heavy Metal Sediment Pollution and Ecological Effect in Yin-Dong Liang Mine Area
Authors: Yang Mei Zhong , Chen Jian Ping , Pu Shi Hua
Published: October 2011

In the paper, the total contents of Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, Cr in sediment samples which were systematically collected from Yin-dong Liang lead-zinc mine area located at Feng country in Shaanxi province were determined by air-acetylene flame atomic spectrophotometer and the morphology of heavy metal in sediment was further investigated. Based on system testing, pollution load index was applied to assess the pollution situation of sediment. The results show that the pollution load index of mine area was up to 14.22, indicating the pollution situation is severe. Moreover, the most heavy metals are in residual state in comparison with the less water soluble, leading to relative low bioavailability and ecological risk. However, the higher proportion of reducible and oxidizable could be released to the environment under appropriate conditions, resulting in severe potential ecological risk.
Research on the Niche of Major Plant Population of the Barren Hillsides in the Arid Valley of the Upper Reach of the Minjiang River
Authors: Yang Zi Song
Published: October 2011

The niche breadths and niche overlaps of Selaginella pulvinata and of other several main species of the herbaceous layer were measured at the barren hillsides in the arid valley of the upper reach of the Minjiang River. The results indicate that Selaginella pulvinata can distribute in various communities and adapt the environment of this region. Because all of them can express the highest ability to combat the draught and explore resources, the competitions among them can be found obviously. It is very useful for us to the vegetation recovery of the barren hillsides in the arid valley of the upper reach of the Minjiang River that had been damaged seriously by the 8.0 earthquake at 2:28pm on May 12th in Wenchuan, Sichuan Province, China.
A Review of Impacts of Oil Pollution on Coastal Wetland Ecosystem
Authors: Sun Hui Mei , Tian Wei Jun
Published: October 2011

The wetland, known as the kidney of the earth, together with the forest and the ocean are called three main ecosystems of globe. As a result of the extensive use of oil, the coastal wetland ecosystems are seriously destroyed by the oil pollutants. The author took the coastal wetland as an example and reviewed the relevant literatures published latest years. Based on those literatures, the impacts of oil pollution on the wetland soils, plants and microbes are summarized to look forward to providing the relevant information for the protection of the coastal wetland ecosystems.
Evaluation Model Using the AHP of Ecological Environmental Quality of Jiuyuangou Watershed in the Loess Plateau
Authors: Dai Feng Gang , Fu Xiao Gang , Cai Huan Jie
Published: October 2011

In this paper, based on the healthy development of ecological environment in the Loess Plateau area , proposed 18 indices of ecological environment quality evaluation, established index system of ecological environment quality evaluation and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model. Taking Jiuyuangou basin as example, made a conclusion that Jiuyuangou ecological quality of the environment is under Ⅱ, fragile ecological environment quality for the general area, it is because of measures implementation of the Soil and Water Conservation Demonstration Area to increase the vegetation cover, soil erosion control, and promote the improvement of ecological environment.
The Eco-Environmental Water Demand Estimation and Prediction of Shijiazhuang City in Hebei Province
Authors: Dai Feng Gang , Cai Huan Jie
Published: October 2011

Ecological and environmental problems become very complex due to regional differences, there are some differences in the concept and the calculation methods of ecological water demand. In this paper,the described method of ecological water demand which combined with GIS technology in the study area is proposed, based on the GIS technology to generate digital land use map, calculated the required extracted land use data. Finally, the application analysis instance of Shijiazhuang to verify this theoretical approach. the results can provide a scientific basis for the calculation of the regional eco-environmental water demand, water allocation and environmental protection.
Spatiotemporal Inventory of Biogenic Volatile Organic Compound Emissions in China Based on Vegetation Volume and Production
Authors: Chi Yan Qi , Xie Shao Dong
Published: October 2011

To estimate the biogenic volatile organic compound (BVOC) emissions in China, this study collected data on vegetation volume, production and distribution, converted into leaf biomass and then used BVOC emission model. In 2003, the annual BVOC emission in China was 12.83 Tg, composed of 7.45 Tg isoprene, 2.23 Tg monoterpenes, and 3.14 Tg other VOCs (OVOCs). Emissions varied significantly among plant species, with contributions ordered as follows: forests > shrubs > crops > grasslands. Southern and northeastern China were the main sources of BVOC emissions. Significant seasonal variation was found with summer contributing the most.
Analysis of the Characteristics of Typical Haze in Winter
Authors: Zhang Yun Hai , Wang Yang Feng , Ma Yan Jun
Published: October 2011

Based on meteorology and environment monitoring data in January, 2008 in Liaoning central region, a typical haze weather process was analyzed. The results showed that haze was formed due to the stable weather condition in the earth surface and upper air layer in Liaoning central region. Especially because that the weakening of atmospheric dispersion ability in the urban boundary layer that was 500m under earth surface, caused the pollutant in the air cannot disperse. Thus, it resulted in the deterioration of air quality, increase of concentration of particulate mass, and declination of visibility. And in the end, haze formed.
The Competitiveness of Ecological Civilization
Authors: Tao Yi Xia , Zhang Xue Hua
Published: October 2011

Abstract. According to the meaning of ecological civilization, we build an evaluation index system of ecological civilization competitiveness. We select 30 provinces or autonomous regions in China, collect the relevant data and through principal component analysis 9 independent components are picked up from 19 comprehensive evaluation indices which reflect the competitiveness of ecological civilization. Then we evaluate and rank the regions’ ecological civilization competitiveness. By comparing the results, we find out strengths and gaps of the regions as well as the related reasons.
Distributive Characteristics of Soil Microorganisms at Wetland on Mongolian Plateau in Inner Mongolia (E1483)
Authors: Zhao Ji , Min Hui , Shao Yu Qin , Zhao Zi Long , Guo Qi Ming , Cui Yu Xin
Published: October 2011

This research is to study the distributive characteristics of soil microorganisms at river wetland on Mongolian Plateau in Inner Mongolia. The results showed that the quantities distribution of various floras of soil microorganisms in different plots (such as bump-top and in-between-bumps in enclosed and grazing regions, low floodplain and high floodplain) at wetland of the Xilin River are the same, which is bacteria＞actinomycetes＞fungi.In enclosed region, the amounts of bacteria are higher than that of other regions. Since is under natural restoration process in enclosed region, there is no significant difference between bump-top and in-between-bumps. At bump-top, it is seasonally flooded, and at in-between-bumps, there is always ponded water to cause high water content. Since high water content is not in favor to the survival of actinomycetes, the number of actinomycetes at bump-top is higher than that at in-between-bumps. Though there is low requirement of water for fungi, the number of fungi at bump-top is higher than that at in-between-bumps. In grazing region, there are more soil microorganisms at bump-top due to shorter flooded time and better air ventilation. At bump-top, organic matter is much richer, due to resupplied from animal manure, withered grass and falling leaves, which is in favor to the reproduction of actinomycetes and fungi. Since there are mostly hydrophilic plants and less biodiversity at in-between-bumps, the number of soil microorganisms is smaller. In floodplain region, the amount of bacteria at low floodplain is higher than that at high floodplain, due to higher water content, which is in favor to the reproduction of bacteria. Actinomycetes are basophilic bacteria. The amount of actinomycetes at low floodplain is higher than that at high floodplain, since high water content has led low floodplain to alkali soil. The amount of fungi at high floodplain is higher due to more suitable environment for survival and reproduction.
Toxic Effect of Cadmium on Azolla Imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai
Authors: Gao Yuan , Song Guan Ling , Wu Hao
Published: October 2011

After cultivating 4 days in Steinberg medium with different concentrations of Cd2+ , the toxic effect of cadmiun on Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai was investigated for the purpose to find out if this plant is suitable to using on restoration of waterbody with cadmium pollution. The variations of chlorophyll content, soluble-protein content, peroxidase (POD) activity, catalase(CAT) activity, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content of Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai were measured in this study. The results show that the chlorophyll content of Azolla imbricata(Roxb.)Nakai has no significant changes in media with Cd2+ concentrations compare with control. The MDA content ascended significantly from the Cd2+ concentration was 5 mg•L-1, because of the intensified oxidative damage. When Cd2+ concentration is 0.1~20 mg•L-1, the souble protein content, POD activity and CAT activity increased to resist the oxidative damage. Azolla imbricata (Roxb.) Nakai is tolerance of cadmium pollution, it can be used to water bodies restoration with low level cadmium pollution.
Purification Effect of Constructed Wetland on TN and TP Removal from Eutrophic Wastewater
Authors: Kang Jun Li
Published: October 2011

Acorus gramineus Soland., Canna chineresisw, Calla palustris., Rhododendron simsii, Aspidistra elatior and Chamaedorea elegans, were rooted in 0.3m media. The media were composed of 0.15m gravel and 0.15m mixture of sand and soil, and the volume proportion of sand and soil was 2:1. The plants were grown in six 0.5x1.0m concrete ponds that were filled with a further 0.3m of effluent from an oxidation ditch operated in a sequential batch mode, treating eutrophic wastewater from a university. The water was sampled daily for total N and total P and retained for seven days. A control pond devoid of plants was not included. The levels of total P and total N declined to a maximum of 60-77.6% of initial for total P and 86.7-98% for total N within four days. Since levels stayed constant for total N but rose for total P, four day retention would minimize amounts of these nutrients leaving the ponds. The conclusion can be gotten through analysis that the plant’s absorb isn’t the main cause of total N and total P remove for constructed wetland, but there are some effect by the plant adaptability, so in the design process of eutrophic wastewater treatment, plants could be chosen on their aesthetic merits to enhance the wetland system’s sight effect. And the hydraulic residence is better inside 4 days in the surface constructed wetland design process. The mechanisms involved in nutrient decline were not investigated.
The Study of PCDD/Fs Distribution in a Medical Waste Incinerator
Authors: Su Shan Shan , Lu Yong , Hui Yang
Published: October 2011

Although there were many studies focused on the PCDD/Fs emissions from different incinerators, but the emissions in a whole plant have seldom been reported. This paper investigated the distributions and congener profiles of the PCDD/Fs in the stack gas, fly ash, dust in the precipitator and slag from an whole medical waste incinerator. The result showed that 1) the PCDD/Fs of the dust in the precipitator had the highest level in all the samples. 2) 2,3,7,8-TCDD was the important characteristic factor in the TEQ values of most samples.
Present Status about Wastewater Treatment at Highway Affiliated Facilities of China
Authors: Wang Xin Jun , Kong Ya Ping , Chen Ji Ding , Liu Xue Xin
Published: October 2011

The present status about wastewater treatment at highway affiliated facilities of China including characteristics of wastewater and treatment technology, the effect of wastewater treatment were investigated. It was found that wastewater quantity was mainly depending on traffic volume entering the service area. Integrated process of wastewater treatment was the main technology used at highway affiliated facilities. 80.4% of the total devices discharge the water which can meet the “Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard (8978-1996)”. About 69.6% of water was discharged into the road ditches, 22.2% was used for greening and flushing toilet. 3.9% of water evaporated naturally, 2.7% of water was discharged into the river, and only 1.6% was used for agricultural irrigation. The results provided scientific reference for the construction, improvement and management of wastewater treatment device at highway affiliated facilities by relevant departments in the future.