bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combining crystallographic and binding affinity data towards a novel dataset of small molecule overlays
Authors: Hönig Sophia M. N. , Gutermuth Torben , Ehrt Christiane , Lemmen Christian , Rarey Matthias
Published: December 2024

Although small molecule superposition is a standard technique in drug discovery, a rigorous performance assessment of the corresponding methods is currently challenging. Datasets in this field are sparse, small, tailored to specific applications, unavailable, or outdated. The newly developed LOBSTER set described herein offers a publicly available and method-independent dataset for benchmarking and method optimization. LOBSTER stands for “Ligand Overlays from Binding SiTe Ensemble Representatives”. All ligands were derived from the PDB in a fully automated workflow, including a ligand efficiency filter. So-called ligand ensembles were assembled by aligning identical binding sites. Thus, the ligands within the ensembles are superimposed according to their experimentally determined binding orientation and conformation. Overall, 671 representative ligand ensembles comprise 3583 ligands from 3521 proteins. Altogether, 72,734 ligand pairs based on the ensembles were grouped into ten distinct subsets based on their volume overlap, for the benefit of introducing different degrees of difficulty for evaluating superposition methods. Statistics on the physicochemical properties of the compounds indicate that the dataset represents drug-like compounds. Consensus Diversity Plots show predominantly high Bemis–Murcko scaffold diversity and low median MACCS fingerprint similarity for each ensemble. An analysis of the underlying protein classes further demonstrates the heterogeneity within our dataset. The LOBSTER set offers a variety of applications like benchmarking multiple as well as pairwise alignments, generating training and test sets, for example based on time splits, or empirical software performance evaluation studies. The LOBSTER set is publicly available at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12658320, representing a stable and versioned data resource. The Python scripts are available at https://github.com/rareylab/LOBSTER, open-source, and allow for updating or recreating superposition sets with different data sources.

Graphical abstract

Simplified illustration of the LOBSTER dataset generation.
Molecular and Clinical Characterization of a Founder Mutation Causing G6PC3 Deficiency
Authors: Zhen Xin , Betti Michael J. , Kars Meltem Ece , Patterson Andrew R. , Medina-Torres Edgar Alejandro , Scheffler Mendoza Selma Cecilia , Herrera Sánchez Diana Andrea , Lopez-Herrera Gabriela , Svyryd Yevgeniya , Mutchinick Osvaldo M. , Gamazon Eric R. , Rathmell Jeffrey C. , Itan Yuval , Markle Janet , O’Farrill Romanillos Patricia , Lugo-Reyes Saul Oswaldo , Martinez-Barricarte Ruben
Published: December 2024

G6PC3 deficiency is a monogenic immunometabolic disorder that causes severe congenital neutropenia type 4. Patients display heterogeneous extra-hematological manifestations, contributing to delayed diagnosis. Here, we investigated the origin and functional consequence of the G6PC3 c.210delC variant found in patients of Mexican descent. Based on the shared haplotypes amongst mutation carriers, we estimated that this variant originated from a founder effect in a common ancestor. Furthermore, by ancestry analysis, we concluded that it appeared in the indigenous Mexican population. At the protein level, we showed that this frameshift mutation leads to an aberrant protein expression in overexpression and patient-derived Epstein-Barr Virus-immortalized B (EBV-B) cells. The neutropenia observed in G6PC3-deficient patients is driven by the intracellular accumulation of the metabolite 1,5-anhydroglucitol-6-phosphate (1,5-AG6P) that inhibits glycolysis. We characterized how the c.210delC variant impacts glycolysis by performing extracellular flux assays on patient-derived EBV-B cells. When treated with 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG), the precursor to 1,5-AG6P, patient cells exhibited markedly reduced engagement of glycolysis. Finally, we compared the clinical presentation of patients with the mutation c.210delC and all other G6PC3-deficient patients reported in the literature, and we found that the c.210delC carriers display all prominent clinical features observed in prior patients. In conclusion, G6PC3 c.210delC is a loss-of-function mutation that arose from a founder effect in the indigenous Mexican population. These findings may facilitate the diagnosis of additional patients in this geographical area. Moreover, the in vitro 1,5-AG-dependent functional assay used in our study could be employed to assess the pathogenicity of additional G6PC3 variants.
A novel wearable bioimpedance sensor for continuous monitoring of fluid balance: a study on isotonic hypovolemia in healthy adults
Authors: Noddeland Harald , Bremnes Frida , Thorud Anne , Rolid Katrine , Kvaerness Jørn , Jaatun Ellen Andreassen , Aas Sigve Nyvik
Published: December 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the ability of a novel wearable bioimpedance sensor to monitor changes in fluid balance induced by furosemide. Because iso-osmotic fluid loss is expected to primarily comprise fluid from the extracellular compartment it was hypothesized that isotonic hypovolemia would increase the extracellular resistance (RE). Methods: 27 healthy adults (20 women, 7 men; 35 ± 10 year.) were continuously monitored by the bioimpedance sensor following administration of furosemide. Body weight, blood pressure, heart rate, sensation of thirst and selected blood parameters were tested before furosemide administration (t0), one hour (t1) and two hours (t2) after furosemide administration, and one hour after intake of a sports drink containing carbohydrate and electrolytes (t3). Urine elimination was measured throughout the intervention, and the change in extracellular fluid volume was estimated using urine elimination and established equations. Results: During hypovolemia body weight was reduced by 1.4 ± 0.2 kg (1.7 ± 0.4%). Total urine elimination during fluid loss was 1277 ± 190 mL. RE increased significantly from t0 to t2 (13.6 ± 2.9%). A strong correlation was observed between the estimated change in extracellular fluid volume and the measured change in RE during the isotonic fluid loss. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the wearable bioimpedance device tested is very sensitive to furosemide-induced changes in fluid volume in healthy volunteers in a controlled environment. Additional research is needed to evaluate the ability of the device to track fluid status in a clinical setting. Trial registration: The study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov 29th of October 2021 (NCT05129358).
Fittingness and Well-Being
Authors: Hooker Brad
Published: December 2024

Mental states (beliefs, emotions, moods, desires, etc.) towards things can fit or fail to fit those things. Perhaps actions can fit or fail to fit the situations in which they are done. This paper explores whether having fitting mental states and doing fitting actions can constitute additions to a person’s well-being. The paper first discusses the desire-fulfilment theory of well-being. Then the paper considers hedonistic theories of well-being and criticises the recent proposal from Rossi and Tappolet that well-being consists only in fitting happiness. Then the paper turns to the objective list theory of well-being and Badhwar’s Aristotelian theory. In this context, the paper considers Bruno-Niño’s recent argument for fitting attitudes as a part of well-being. Finally, the paper explores whether, on the objective list theory and Badhwar’s theory, doing fitting actions constitutes an element of well-being. The upshots are that fittingness is not an element of well-being according to some theories of well-being and that it is an element of well-being either contingently or necessarily according to other theories of well-being.
Religious and Spiritual Experiences, Discrimination, and Stress Among Midlife Women in the USA: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Authors: Barnes Marilyn J. D. , Janssen Imke , Dugan Sheila A. , Kravitz Howard M. , Fitchett George
Published: December 2024

The harmful effects of perceived discrimination for physical and mental health are well documented. Evidence identifies how dimensions of religious/spiritual (R/S) involvement may reduce these harmful effects. This study examined how R/S experiences are associated with the effects of discrimination on perceived stress. With data from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN), we examined the offsetting and buffering effects of daily spiritual experiences on the relationship between everyday discrimination and perceived stress among 2,221 US midlife women from 5 racial/ethnic groups. Regression analysis identified a positive association between perceived discrimination and perceived stress (p < .001). Daily spiritual experiences were inversely associated with perceived stress (p < .001) for the whole sample and in the subsample of Black women. For this subsample, there was an inverse association between daily spiritual experiences and discrimination. R/S experiences may be one of the ways that R/S reduce the harmful effects of discrimination on health.
“With the Pandemic Still Raging, I am Blessed to Do My Part to Defeat it”: Exploring COVID-19 Jewish Liturgy and Prayers in Israel and the United States
Authors: Ben-Lulu Elazar
Published: December 2024

During the COVID-19 pandemic, synagogues faced closure, and many non-Orthodox communities transitioned their prayer services to online platforms. This presented a significant challenge for community leaders and rabbis who were faced with a profound community crisis. An innovative response emerged including new prayers and the adaptation of existing ones to better address the pandemic’s unique realities, integrating aspects of health, divinity, community, and the environment. This study engages in a textual analysis of these prayers, exploring how these mirror cultural and social attitudes toward the body and embodiment. While the body was seen during the COVID-19 period as problematic, an object of contagion and spreader of disease (e.g., by not keeping proper distance or masking), in these particular texts it is no longer slandered, but revealed as an obedient and disciplined agent. The prayers seek to overcome the disruption in the individual’s relationship with their body and with other bodies. The prayer authors propose to the worshipper, while also conceptually changing traditional ideas and practices, to view the body as an object that must be cleaned, vaccinated, purified, and allowed to continue its function. The concern for both the well-being of the living body and the dignity of the deceased extends to care for society and humanity as a whole. Therefore, this liturgy can be seen as a pragmatic means to promote a “theology of humanistic responsibility.”
Developmental Relations Between Peer Victimization, Emotional Symptoms, and Disability/Chronic Condition in Adolescence: Are Within- or Between-Person Factors Driving Development?
Authors: Turner Russell , Bjereld Ylva , Augustine Lilly
Published: December 2024

Although there is a link between peer victimization, emotional symptoms, and disability or chronic condition in adolescence, less is known about the role of stable, individual differences compared to developmental processes. The current study addressed this gap by examining developmental relations between peer victimization, emotional symptoms, and disability or chronic condition. Three waves of self-report panel data on Swedish adolescents at ages 13, 15, and 17 years (n = 734; 51.6% girls) were used. Data were analyzed using random-intercept cross-lagged panel models with invariance tests by sex, disability/chronic condition, and family affluence. Girls and adolescents with a disability or chronic condition showed more heterogeneity in the co-development of peer victimization and emotional symptoms, with girls being more prone than boys to developing emotional symptoms following peer victimization, and particularly in early adolescence. Girls and adolescents with a disability or chronic condition had elevated within-person levels of both peer victimization and emotional symptoms throughout adolescence. Theory and practice may need to pay additional attention to the role of sex, disability, and their intersection, as well as age, regarding the development of peer victimization and emotional symptoms.
Mobile sensing system for phenotyping of forest seedlings in container nurseries
Authors: Durło Grzegorz , Szymanski Norbert , Małek Stanisław
Published: December 2024

The primary objective of this study was to develop a universal, lightweight, and mobile system that seamlessly integrates the scanner with the construction of the horizontal spray boom at a forest nursery. This innovative approach holds tremendous potential for advancing the assessment and management of forest seedlings, providing valuable insights and streamlining nursery operations. Multichannel spectral devices mounted on irrigation booms can be used to significantly enhance the quality assessment of forest seedlings in container nurseries. Contrary to traditional and time-consuming approaches such as laboratory analysis or destructive sampling, an active canopy optical sensor operates independently of ambient light conditions and does not necessitate spectral reference readings. Mobile irrigation systems in nurseries are ideal for incorporating plant scanners owing to their exceptional repeatability, ensuring consistently high-quality results. In our study, we rigorously tested a set of four ACS 435 Holland Scientific active crop canopy sensor along with the Vega Plus C21 laser sensor, all strategically positioned on a sprinkler boom above the nursery production field from May to September 2022. The seamless integration of these devices with the GeoSCOUT X Holland Scientific data acquisition unit formed the foundation of our system. The primary objective of this study was to develop a universal, lightweight, and mobile system that seamlessly integrates the scanner with the construction of the horizontal spray boom at a forest nursery. This innovative approach holds tremendous potential for advancing the assessment and management of forest seedlings, providing valuable insights and streamlining nursery operations.
A trans-Atlantic perspective on successful plantation establishment in boreal ecosystems: lessons learned and research opportunities
Authors: Thiffault Nelson , Nordin Per , Wotherspoon Amy , Hjelm Karin , Olofsson Erika
Published: December 2024

Boreal forests, which account for one-third of the world’s forested areas, play a crucial role in global climate regulation and provide significant ecological, economic, and cultural benefits. However, boreal ecosystems face substantial threats from climate change, leading to increased disturbances such as wildfires, insect outbreaks, and disease. In response, reforestation emerges as a vital strategy for maintaining and restoring forest cover. In this perspective paper, we summarize some recent research on plantation establishment in boreal ecosystems of eastern North America and Scandinavia, emphasizing the effectiveness of mechanical site preparation (MSP), species-specific responses, and soil nutrient dynamics. We suggest key areas for future research, including the long-term sustainability of MSP, the development of adaptive strategies to climate variability, species-specific optimization of planting techniques, and integration of technological advances. Addressing these research needs will support the development of adaptive silviculture practices that enhance boreal stands resilience and productivity, helping to meet reforestation objectives and mitigate the impacts of climate change. We aim to stimulate regional, national, and international research initiatives, contributing to the resilience and sustainability of boreal ecosystems.
Tsunami hazard induced by a submarine landslide in the Tagus delta off Lisbon (Portugal)
Authors: Ramalho I. , Omira R. , Terrinha P.
Published: December 2024

Submarine landslides can be a major source of tsunamis, with waves highly dependent of the properties of both the landslide and the marine domain. This study investigates the tsunamigenesis of a shallow-water submarine landslide, recently mapped at the mouth of the Tagus delta River, off Lisbon, Portugal. The Tagus delta landslide is estimated to be 8 ky old, with a depositional maximum thickness of ~ 20 m and a volume of approximately 0.27 km3, extending over more than 9 km in length and 3 km in width. We assess the tsunamigenic potential and hazard of this possible early Holocene landslide using numerical simulations over high resolution reconstructed paleo-bathymetry, and project a similar future landslide scenario under the present-day conditions. Results show that both paleo- and future landslide scenarios are tsunamigenic, posing a significant hazard to the nearest coasts of Lisbon and surrounding areas. At the source region, the modelled tsunami reached heights of 0.8 m (paleo-scenario) and 1.45 m (future-scenario), increasing to approximately 2 m (both scenarios) as it propagated towards Lisbon’s coastline. This study is a first attempt to address the tsunamigenic potential of a submarine landslide occurring in a shallow water environment of the Portuguese margin domain. The results reinforce the need to include these small, but frequent, events and their induced tsunamis in marine geo-hazard assessments of the region.
How to be a postmodal directionalist
Authors: Dixon Scott
Published: December 2024

According to directionalism, non-symmetric relations are distinct from their converses. Kit Fine (2000a) argues that the directionalist faces a dilemma; they must either (i) reject the principle Uniqueness, which states that no completion (fact, state of affairs, or proposition) is a completion of more than one relation, or (ii) reject the principle Identity, which states that each completion of a relation is identical to a completion of its converse (e.g., Dante’s loving Bice is identical to Bice’s being loved by Dante). Fine’s argument has been regarded as a decisive blow to directionalism. But new strategies for replying to it can be developed with the tools of the postmodal metaphysician, who is comfortable individuating relations and their completions hyperintensionally, allowing for necessary connections between distinct entities, and making use of hyperintensional notions like essence and grounding. In what follows, I develop postmodal strategies for denying both horns of Fine’s dilemma, concluding that the postmodal directionalist need not be concerned with Fine’s argument.
Józef Tischner’s early thought as phenomenological axiology
Authors: Karpinski Andrew
Published: December 2024

Józef Tischner, a Polish twentieth century priest and philosopher, is mostly known for his ideas relating to the theme of solidarity, as well as for his original ‘philosophy of drama’. This article examines selected aspects of his early philosophy, without which those two major contributions cannot be properly understood. I begin by a brief synopsis of three thinkers which have exerted major influence on Tischner – Edmund Husserl, Max Scheler, and Roman Ingarden. I then proceed to recount Tischner’s own early philosophy as an investigation of human self-awareness, showing how several ideas (such as ‘solidarization’) contribute to Tischner’s later thought. Finally, I offer a brief critical remark to Tischner’s work – namely, whether it is possible to argue for an ultimately axiological constitution of self-awareness, without taking a stance on the question related to the nature and existence of values.
The problem of too many mental tokens reconsidered
Authors: Kovacs David Mark
Published: December 2024

The Problem of Too Many Thinkers is the result, implied by several “permissive” ontologies, that we spatiotemporally overlap with a number of intrinsically person-like entities. The problem, as usually formulated, leaves open a much-neglected question: do we literally share our mental lives, i.e. each of our mental states, with these person-like entities, or do we instead enjoy mental lives that are qualitatively indistinguishable but numerically distinct from theirs? The latter option raises the worry that there is an additional Problem of Too Many Mental Tokens. This paper argues that there is indeed such a problem, at least in fission cases. In the course of articulating this problem, we will make a number of surprising discoveries about the relationship between personal persistence and the metaphysics of mental entities. We will also see that the Problem of Too Many Mental Tokens has significant epistemological and ethical implications, which will haunt us even once we have addressed the Problem of Too Many Thinkers.
Exploring research trends and patterns in leadership research: a machine learning, co-word, and network analysis
Authors: Ribeiro Marco Ferreira , da Costa Carla Gomes , Ramos Filipe Roberto , Cruz José Manuel Teixeira Santos
Published: December 2024

Leadership is recognized as playing a crucial role in the organization’s performance and success. As a result, the scientific literature on leadership has become quite extensive, making it difficult to identify and understand the current state of research. Most literature studies focus on a specific aspect of the field or a limited time frame, providing a fragmented view of the overall landscape. Therefore, this research aims to provide new insights into the current state of research through two studies. Using advanced Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques, the first study focuses on identifying emerging research trends in the field through a Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA) model, providing insights into future areas of interest and investigation. The second study centers on analyzing consolidated research patterns through co-word and network analysis, shedding light on the connections and interrelationships between leadership research topics. By applying these techniques to a comprehensive dataset of 56,547 research papers gathered from Web of Science and Scopus, this study provides a detailed understanding of the current state of leadership research and identifies potential areas for future exploration. Five research trends were identified: (1) Leadership and Digital Transformation Research (LDTR); (2) Leadership and Organizational Performance Research (LOPR); (3) Educational Leadership Research (ELR); (4) Leadership Practices and Development Research (LPDR); and (5) Gender and Diversity Leadership Research (GDLR). Combining these five research trends with the consolidated research patterns identified, we propose several research directions identified for advancing leadership studies.
The influence of the adiabatic heating coefficient on the near solidus forming process
Authors: Sajjad Muhammad , Agirre Julen , Plata Gorka , Lozares Jokin , Mendiguren Joseba
Published: December 2024

The Near Solidus Forming (NSF) process represents a critical method for shaping metallic components under extreme temperature conditions. When metals deform plastically, significant amounts of heat can be generated, which is due to the conversion of plastic deformation energy in the material often known is adiabatic heating. In this study, the influence of the adiabatic heating coefficient (AHC) on temperature distribution and plastic strain during NSF process is investigated. For this purpose, three industrial benchmarks previously fabricated using NSF techniques are selected to serve as representative cases for analysis. To conduct the analysis, sensitivity studies is performed at two key temperatures: 1360 °C and 1370 °C. These temperatures are chosen to capture the range of operating conditions typically encountered in industrial NSF applications. The simulation tool FORGE NXT® is utilized to investigate the potential effect of AHC on equivalent plastic strain (EPS). The range of potential AHC values considered is between 85% and 100%, as determined from a comprehensive literature survey. The study suggests that the AHC has a minimal effect on the deformation behaviour of 42CrMo4 steel at NSF condition for the studied benchmarks. The findings of this study provide the inside to the importance of AHC in the developing of a reliable Digital Twin (DT) for industrial NSF application.
CMTM6 status predicts survival in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and correlates with PD-L1 expression
Authors: Becker Anne-Sophie , Wieder Nicolas , Zonnur Sarah , Zimpfer Annette , Krause Mareike , Schneider Björn , Strüder Daniel Fabian , Burmeister Ann-Sophie , Erbersdobler Andreas , Junghanss Christian , Maletzki Claudia
Published: December 2024

We retrospectively analyzed 129 treatment-naïve head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) for the expression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1), CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (CMTM6), tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We evaluated the relationships among these markers, human papilloma virus (HPV) status, and overall survival (OS). PD-L1 and CMTM6 (combined positive score (CPS) ≥ 1 and ≥ 5) were detected in ~ 70% of HNSCCs. HPV status had insignificant effects on marker expression. Most PD-L1-positive cases showed concomitant CMTM6 expression with comparable staining patterns. While PD-L1 and CMTM6 mRNA expression levels correlated with PD-L1 and CMTM6 protein status, no significant correlation was observed for PD-L1 and CMTM6 mRNA expression. Tumors expressing PD-L1 (p < 0.0001) and/or CMTM6 (p < 0.05) were associated with the best OS. A high density of TILs (p < 0.01), CD8+ T cells (p < 0.001), and CD68/CD163 ratio > 1 were prognostically relevant. In addition to HPV status, PD-L1 and CD8+ T cells, CMTM6 was identified as an independent prognostic factor using a multivariate Cox regression analysis. PD-L1 and CMTM6 correlated with TILs and CD8+ cells but not with HPV. Our results identified CMTM6 as an important interaction partner in the crosstalk between TILs, CD8+ T cells, and PD-L1, which mediates anticancer efficacy. Assessments of CMTM6 may be helpful for prognostic prediction, and it may serve as a reliable biomarker for immunotherapy selection.
Strong stationarity for non-smooth control problems with fractional semi-linear elliptic equations in dimension $$N\le 3$$
Authors: Kenne Cyrille , Mophou Gisèle , Warma Mahamadi
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we investigate the optimal control of a semi-linear fractional PDEs involving the spectral diffusion operator, or the realization of the integral fractional Laplace operator with the zero Dirichlet exterior condition, both of order s with

$$s\in (0,1)$$

s
∈
(
0
,
1
)

. The state equation contains a non-smooth nonlinearity, and the objective functional is convex in the control variable but contains non-smooth terms. As the mappings involved may not be Gâteaux differentiable, we use a regularization technique to regularize these nonlinear terms, aiming to obtain Gâteaux differentiable mappings. By employing this regularization technique, we are able to derive the first-order optimality condition for the regularized control problem by using the associated adjoint system. Furthermore, we conduct a limit analysis on the regularized term resulting in an optimality system for the non-smooth problem of C-stationary type. Subsequently, we establish a primal optimality condition, specifically B-stationarity. Under the assumption of “constraint qualification”, we derive the strong stationarity conditions for the non-smooth optimization problem with control constraints and establish the equivalence between B-stationarity and strong stationarity conditions.
Anodal High-definition Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Over the Left (but not Right) Parietal Cortex Facilitates Mental Arithmetic
Authors: Hartmann Matthias , Dumureau Magali
Published: December 2024

Non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques such as transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) allow for investigating the functional involvement of specific brain areas in mental arithmetic. In this study, we employed for the first time high-definition (HD)-tDCS, which offers enhanced spatial precision, to explore the functional roles of the left and right intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in mental arithmetic. A total of 25 participants underwent anodal left IPS, anodal right IPS, and sham stimulation in separate sessions in counterbalanced order while solving single- and multi-step addition and subtraction problems. We found that stimulation of the left IPS, but not the right IPS or sham stimulation, improved arithmetic performance speed. These results provide further evidence for the functional involvement of the left IPS in a broad range of arithmetic tasks and highlight the potential of NIBS for cognitive enhancement.
Technology, Modernization, and Religion in Developmental Latin America: Towards an Alternative Modernity
Authors: Granda José Manuel Iglesias
Published: December 2024

This article starts with the general question about the role that religion played in Latin American philosophy in understanding technology in light of modernization and accelerated industrialization in the developmental periods of the twentieth century. As a first approach to the subject, the primary reference is José Gaos, one of the most prominent representatives of Mexican philosophy at the time. Gaos’ figure is especially significant for his influence on the configuration of the later Mexican philosophical panorama and his defense of a philosophical reflection in Latin America. Building on Gaos’ insights, this paper aims to demonstrate how religion, far from mere reactionism, emerged in Latin America—starting from the early 1950s—as a critical voice against bourgeois modernity. It also catalyzed the reimagining of an alternative modern culture. Our methodology involves (1) analyzing the historical and social context that Gaos’ work addresses; (2) conducting a conceptual analysis of Gaos’ ideas, with a focus on religion’s role as an explanatory and critical factor; and (3) offering an interpretation of Gaos’ ideas regarding technology and secularization as a situated diagnosis of modernity based on religion.
Prise en charge de l’incontinence urinaire d’effort non-neurogène
Authors: Grégoris Adrien , Abboud Anna-Eliane , Valerio Massimo , Perrin Andry
Published: December 2024

L’incontinence urinaire d’effort affecte hommes et femmes, causant une perte involontaire d’urine lors de l’augmentation de la pression abdominale. Elle résulte de l’hypermobilité urétrale et/ ou de l’insuffisance sphinctérienne intrinsèque, avec un coût social et économique important en Europe. Sa prise en charge inclut des méthodes conservatrices et chirurgicales, dont ces dernières seront abordées dans cet article.

Chez les femmes, les traitements incluent l’utilisation d’agents comblants pour améliorer la coaptation urétrale, les bandelettes sous-urétrales pour compenser la faiblesse des ligaments pubo-urétraux, la bandelette autologue pour les cas complexes ou après échec d’une bandelette synthétique, la suspension rétropubienne (colposuspension selon Burch) pour restaurer le support pelvien et le sphincter artificiel pour les cas d’insuffisance sphinctérienne intrinsèque ou après échec chirurgical.

Chez les hommes, les options chirurgicales pour l’incontinence urinaire post-chirurgie urétro-prostatique incluent l’injection d’agents comblants pour améliorer la coaptation urétrale, les bandelettes sous-urétrales pour soutenir l’urètre bulbaire, et le sphincter artificiel pour les cas modérés à sévères, offrant une continence efficace mais avec un taux de complications plus élevé.

Ces options chirurgicales présentent des avantages et des limites spécifiques, nécessitant une évaluation personnalisée. Les avancées techniques continuent d’offrir de bonnes perspectives pour le traitement de l’incontinence urinaire d’effort, soulignant l’importance d’une évaluation standardisée et d’un suivi rigoureux pour comparer efficacement les différentes méthodes.
Aiding Diagnosis and Classifying of Early Stage Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head with Convolutional Neural Network Based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Liang Chen , Ma Yingkai , Li Xiang , Qin Yong , Li Minglei , Tong Chuanxin , Xu Xiangning , Yu Jinping , Wang Ren , Lv Songcen , Luo Hao
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The Steinberg classification system is commonly used by orthopedic surgeons to stage the severity of patients with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH), and it includes mild, moderate, and severe grading of each stage based on the area of the femoral head affected. However, clinicians mostly grade approximately by visual assessment or not at all. To accurately distinguish the mild, moderate, or severe grade of early stage ONFH, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the hip joint of patients to accurately grade and aid diagnosis of ONFH.

Materials and Methods

T1-MRI images of patients diagnosed with early stage ONFH were collected. Three orthopedic surgeons selected 261 slices containing images of the femoral head and labeled each case with the femoral head necrosis classification. Our CNN model learned, trained, and segmented the regions of femoral head necrosis in all the data.

Results

The accuracy of the proposed CNN for femoral head segmentation is 97.73%, sensitivity is 91.17%, specificity is 99.40%, and positive predictive value is 96.98%. The diagnostic accuracy of the overall framework is 90.80%.

Conclusions

Our proposed CNN model can effectively segment the region where the femoral head is in MRI and can identify the region of early stage femoral head necrosis for the purpose of aiding diagnosis.
Blockchain Technology and Industry 5.0 synergy for sustainable development in RMG industries: an ISM and fuzzy DEMATEL approach
Authors: Al Amin Md , Baldacci Roberto
Published: December 2024

This research explores the contribution of Blockchain Technology and Industry 5.0 in driving sustainability within Bangladeshi Ready-Made Garments (RMG) industry, with a focus on alignment with key Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The study employs Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) and fuzzy Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) methods to identify and analyze 14 critical synergies that can drive sustainability. The ISM analysis categorizes the synergies into independent, dependent, and linkage variables, providing insights into their roles and significance within the system. Fuzzy DEMATEL further refines this understanding by evaluating the direct and indirect relationships among the linkage synergies. Key findings reveal the importance of synergies such as reverse logistics and recycling, supply chain collaboration & visibility and ethical practices in driving sustainability. This research contributes by offering a detailed analysis of how the synergy between Blockchain technology and Industry 5.0 can enhance sustainability practices in the RMG industry, providing actionable insights into the technological transformation of supply chain dynamics in support of global sustainability targets.
Empathetic Deep Learning: Transferring Adult Speech Emotion Models to Children With Gender-Specific Adaptations Using Neural Embeddings
Authors: Lesyk Elina , Arias-Vergara Tomás , Nöth Elmar , Maier Andreas , Orozco-Arroyave Juan Rafael , Perez-Toro Paula Andrea
Published: December 2024

Understanding and recognizing emotional states through speech has vast implications in areas ranging from customer service to mental health. In this paper, we investigate the relationship between adults and children for the task of automatic speech emotion recognition, focusing on the critical issue of limited datasets for children’s emotions. We use two databases: IEMOCAP, which contains emotional speech recordings from adults, and AIBO, which includes recordings from children. To address the dataset limitations, we employ transfer learning by training a neural network to classify adult emotional speech using a Wav2Vec model for feature extraction, followed by a classification head for the downstream task. However, the labels between IEMOCAP and AIBO do not align perfectly, presenting a challenge in emotional mapping. To tackle this, we perform inference on children’s data to examine how emotional labels in IEMOCAP correspond to those in AIBO, highlighting the complexities of cross-age emotional transfer. This approach achieved F-scores of up to 0.47. In addition, we trained male and female IEMOCAP models to determine how variations in gender within adult speech affect emotional mapping in children data. Some of our findings indicate that female samples align more with high arousal emotions, while male samples align more with low arousal emotion, underscoring the importance of gender in emotion recognition. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in the field of deep learning applications on emotion recognition that analyses the effects of genders and age groups on emotional mapping.
Hydration and carbonation curing of high ferrite clinker (FePC) synthesized using EAF slag
Authors: Adesanya Elijah , Isteri Visa , Baral Aniruddha , Rößler Christiane , Hanein Theodore , Yliniemi Juho
Published: December 2024

This study explores the use of Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag as a sustainable alternative raw material in cement clinker production. The research demonstrates the synthesis of ferrite-rich clinker using EAF slag, achieving a clinker composition of 47% alite, 32% ferrite, and 20% belite while replacing 20% of clinker raw materials i.e. limestone, iron and silica source. The hydration behavior and influence of carbonation curing on the reactivity of the ferrite phase were assessed. Results show that the addition of 5% gypsum to the clinker enhanced the hydration rate of alite and ferrite phases, promoting the formation of portlandite, C-S-H and ettringite as the major hydration phases. Typical of ferrite-rich cement, Fe/Al-rich siliceous hydrogarnet was also identified as secondary hydration products of the ferrite phase, formed as a result of the reaction of katoite (formed from ferrite dissolution) with dissolved silica. However, prolonged carbonation exposure led to a decrease in the formation of the hydrogarnet and the decomposition of ettringite, but the mortar’s strength increased with increasing calcium carbonate formation.
A complete classification of shuffle groups
Authors: Xia Binzhou , Zhang Junyang , Zhang Zhishuo , Zhu Wenying
Published: December 2024

For positive integers k and n, the shuffle group

$G_{k,kn}$

is generated by the

$k!$

permutations of a deck of

$kn$

cards performed by cutting the deck into k piles with n cards in each pile, and then perfectly interleaving these cards following a certain permutation of the k piles. For

$k=2$

, the shuffle group

$G_{2,2n}$

was determined by Diaconis, Graham and Kantor in 1983. The Shuffle Group Conjecture states that, for general k, the shuffle group

$G_{k,kn}$

contains

$\mathrm {A}_{kn}$

whenever

$k\notin \{2,4\}$

and n is not a power of k. In particular, the conjecture in the case

$k=3$

was posed by Medvedoff and Morrison in 1987. The only values of k for which the Shuffle Group Conjecture has been confirmed so far are powers of

$2$

, due to recent work of Amarra, Morgan and Praeger based on Classification of Finite Simple Groups. In this paper, we confirm the Shuffle Group Conjecture for all cases using results on

$2$

-transitive groups and elements of large fixed point ratio in primitive groups.
‘If there is trust there is no need for words’: embodying trust in a competitive environment
Authors: Crawley Michael
Published: December 2024

The anthropology of sport literature, and literature on neoliberalism in Africa more broadly, has often been predicated on the notion that neoliberalism forces a conversion from seeing the self as collectively produced towards the development of an individualistic and competitive ‘entrepreneurship of self’. While global long-distance running is increasingly competitive, with the odds against success stacked ever higher, this is not a dynamic that can be traced in Ethiopia. Rather, there is a sense that the individualism and competitiveness that are acknowledged to already be at the heart of Amhara society must be tempered in order for athletes to survive within this system. Increasing competition is understood to require people to work together more closely, rather than forcing them apart. In this article, I explore the paradox that bodily acts of trust can coexist with the discursive insistence on the impossibility of trust in competitive environments. By focusing on the warm-up as a key site of trust work, I show how an awareness of the challenges inherent in enacting trusting relations in close proximity with others necessitates deliberate work over a number of years to render such behaviour as unspoken as possible.
The Eséka train disaster as a witchcraft collective action: a socio-historical perspective on anger
Authors: Molo Brice
Published: December 2024

The October 2016 train accident on Cameroon’s main railway line remains shrouded in mystery. The announcement of the derailment before it happened, followed by a denial by the Minister of Transport a few hours later, at the very moment of the accident, has given rise to much speculation. According to testimonies collected in Eséka through fieldwork and the media, this tragic event was interpreted as the result of a witchcraft conspiracy. The inhabitants of the Bassa region, who consider the railway crossing their territory as a cultural heritage, had expressed their discontent with attempts to rationalize the line for some time. These accounts reveal that the disaster was triggered by collective action which unfolded through three distinct phases: labelling, whereby words acquire particular power; harbingers of misfortune; and finally, the bewitchment of the train to ‘zombify’ it, leading to its derailment. In response to these witchcraft imaginaries, the president himself addressed the Bassa’s grievances and requested an adjustment of the train stops, thus demonstrating the performativity of witchcraft and its capacity to put grievances on the agenda and to shape public policies. This article puts forward the idea that witchcraft represents a repertoire from which a community draws to express dissent. Bewitching and zombifying the train to make it derail are, for some actors, a way of signalling to the modern African state that it is not always ‘master in its own house’, that it does not have total control over reality and that it must constantly negotiate its authority.
A leap of faith: football and religion among aspiring migrants in Cameroon
Authors: Kovač Uroš
Published: December 2024

For young men in Cameroon, football has long been a paradigm of sociality through competitive spirit. In recent decades, however, the stakes of competitive football have been raised: the sport has also emerged as a strategy for young men to migrate abroad and earn a living. On and off the football fields, young men seek to grab limited opportunities to sign contracts with clubs abroad, but few succeed. However, the aspiring athletes rarely see themselves as autonomous individuals competing for a limited number of spots in football clubs. Rather, they attribute failure or success to questions of trust and mistrust: in competitive peers, in neighbours and kin, in Pentecostal Christianity, and in football as a source of livelihood. Competing for a place in a global football industry has led the footballers to mistrust potentially envious others, but also increasingly to put their faith in a Christian God and develop a confident orientation towards a future of success despite the odds. The nexus of football, religion and migration aspirations in Anglophone Cameroon reveals how trust retains a central, albeit ambiguous, place in high-stakes competitive environments, namely as a leap of faith and a confidence in engaging uncertainty. It complicates the idea of competition as a singular and neutral principle that obviates the need for trust, and refines anthropological theory that tacitly confines trust to interpersonal relationships.
Transcatheter closure of a right pulmonary artery to left atrium fistula using multi-modality image fusion guidance
Authors: Soszyn Natalie , Gill Edward A. , Zablah Jenny E. , Morgan Gareth J.
Published: December 2024

We present the case of 53-year-old woman with a late diagnosis of an right pulmonary artery-left atrium fistula who underwent transcatheter device closure using multi-modality imaging for pre-procedural planning and procedural guidance.
Disentangling Spatio‐Temporal Impacts of Multiple Environmental Factors on the Global Discharge Regime
Authors: Vu Tinh , Kiesel Jens , Guse Björn , Domisch Sami , Fohrer Nicola
Published: December 2024

Global discharge regimes are strongly affected by multiple environmental drivers. It remains a challenge to relate their contributions and complex spatio‐temporal cause‐effect chains to a given time and location. To disentangle these relationships, we combined 12 environmental variables with changes in more than 25,000 discharge time series globally and identified the variable importance across climate zones using random forest analyses. The results show that (a) about two‐thirds of the global catchments experienced significant changes in discharge between 1980s and 1990s and (b) more than 80% of the basins with new dams built during the study period have experienced changes, twice as many as basins without dams. Furthermore, (c) most environmental variables were subject to significant changes, especially precipitation, temperature and urban land cover; (d) strong changes in the discharge regime were mostly associated with precipitation, followed by land cover changes, and (e) impacts of water infrastructure are dominant in basins with weak evidence of change in discharge. Our findings highlight the contribution of each individual environmental factor on global discharge regimes and can be used to inform water‐related studies and global modeling efforts in the future.
Persistent Heterogeneities in the Oceanic Lithosphere Due To Differential Freezing Beneath Ridges
Authors: Sim Shi Joyce , Yu Ting‐Ying , Havlin Chris
Published: December 2024

Oceanic lithosphere, which forms two‐thirds of Earth's surface, is generated at mid‐ocean ridge spreading centers. Yet the internal structure of the lithosphere is not well characterized and often considered to be homogeneous relative to the structure of continental lithosphere. While geophysical observations clearly delineate the crust‐mantle boundary and the lithosphere‐asthenopshere boundary, other seismic anomalies known as mid‐lithosphere discontinuities (MLDs) have been challenging to detect and poorly constrained. Here we present melt transport models applied to the mid‐ocean ridge system that indicate MLDs are a widespread fundamental feature of oceanic lithosphere. In our models, some melt generated from decompression melting is frozen back into the lithosphere, forming a layered refertilization pattern. These refertilized layers are due to the stacked horizontal layering pattern of melt pooling beneath the freezing front. If the recrystallized melt is incorporated into the lithosphere as mafic lenses, the predicted seismic velocity is compatible with observations.