bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Scandal of Women’s Emancipation. Femonationalism, Right-Wing Sexual Politics, and Anti-Feminism
Authors: Möser Cornelia
Published: April 2022

In the past decade, several publications in gender studies have been grappling with conservative and reactionary politics claiming to defend women and sexual minorities against immigrants. Sara Farris’s concept of femonationalism offers explanations for the paradox of far-right actors pretending to care about women and sexual minorities and some feminists making racist statements. Yet Farris’s methodology as well as her arguments show important shortcomings. In a close reading of Farris’s book, this article refutes her hypothesis of a conversion of far-right, EU, neoliberal, and feminist politics and lays out alternative perspectives in order to develop a better understanding of the ongoing phenomenon. The article deconstructs the false opposition of heterosexual familialist migrant and Muslim communities versus queer-friendly feminist Europeans. In presenting recent feminist studies, the article suggests it is necessary to understand paradoxical far-right sexual politics in their familialist, capitalist, and colonialist contexts.
Taxonomic Reclassification of the Fungal Pathogen Causing Dry Berry Disease of Caneberries into the Division Ascomycota as Monilinia rubi
Authors: Weldon William A. , McGhee Gayle C. , Jones Lisa A. , Stockwell Virginia O.
Published: April 2022

As molecular genetic techniques improve and sequence data becomes available for more fungal species, taxonomic classifications historically based upon growth morphology alone are being revisited and occasionally reclassified. Herein, we present such an instance for the fungal pathogen that causes dry berry disease of caneberries. The organism was previously described as the basidiomycete fungus Rhizoctonia rubi based upon the pathogen’s production of Rhizoctonia-like angular branching hyphae. Utilizing molecular genetic techniques unavailable when the pathogen was first characterized in 1959, three housekeeping gene regions (ITS, β-tubulin, and G3PDH) were sequenced across 13 contemporary dry berry isolates, as well as the original 1959 R. rubi type strain, CBS382.59. The resulting neighbor-joining, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian phylogenies for single and multilocus sequences provide strong evidence that the dry berry pathogen was misclassified. This data, in addition to revisiting in vivo macroscopic and microscopic growth morphology, again comparing contemporary dry berry isolates to the CBS382.59 type strain, suggests that the causal organism is a new species within the genus Monilinia that we propose be classified as Monilinia rubi. A transition from designation as a basidiomycete fungus to an ascomycete fungus could have implications on chemical management decisions, as well as the assumptions made about cell structure and the pathogen’s putative life cycle.
Single-staged Tunneled Forehead Flap for Medial Canthal and Eyelid Reconstruction
Authors: Brundridge Wesley L. , Sismanis Dimitrios N. , Altman Adam H. , DeBacker Christopher M. , Holck David E.E.
Published: April 2022

Purpose:

The paramedian forehead flap, while initially used for reconstruction of nasal defects, has been adapted for repair of anatomical subunits in the medial canthal and eyelid area. A significant obstacle for utilizing the flap has been the bulky, unsightly vascular pedicle that is maintained between surgical stages. We describe our surgical experience using the tunneled variation in a single stage procedure.

Methods:

A retrospective chart review was performed of three surgeons’ charts over a 5-year period. All patients who underwent the tunneled paramedian forehead flap variation were selected. Outcomes measured included underlying pathology, Mohs defect area and depth, and canalicular involvement.

Results:

A total of 20 tunneled flaps were performed after successful Mohs excision of cutaneous malignancies. The average Mohs defect surface area was 13.57 cm2 with depth down to periosteum (n = 13), bone (n = 5), or orbital fat (n = 2). Five patients had full-thickness eyelid defects (25%), and nine (45%) had canalicular defects. The overall complication rate for this study was low with no flap failure. Two patients (10%) desired thinning of the subcutaneous flap for improved cosmesis, and one patient (5%) required further eyelid revision due to the complexity of the initial Mohs defect. The remaining 17 patients required no further surgical procedures.

Conclusion:

The tunneled paramedian forehead flap is a useful technique for medial canthal and eyelid reconstruction. This technique allows reconstruction of a challenging area. Complication rates are low, and this tunneled variation provides a single stage variation to the traditional multistage forehead pedicle flap.
The Effect of Teprotumumab on Eyelid Position in Patients with Thyroid Eye Disease
Authors: Simmons Brittany A. , Tran Charlene , Pham Chau M. , Shriver Erin M.
Published: April 2022

Teprotumumab has been shown to improve proptosis and clinical activity scores (CAS) in patients with thyroid eye disease, but little has been published regarding its effects on eyelid retraction. The purpose of this work was to evaluate changes in eyelid position in thyroid eye disease patients after teprotumumab. Eight patients completed eight cycles of teprotumumab. Data collected included exophthalmometry; clinical activity scores; margin reflex distance (MRD) 1; MRD2; and pre-, during, and posttreatment photographs. ImageJ analysis was also used to evaluate eyelid position in photographs. Proptosis significantly improved in 15 of 16 orbits [mean 4.75 ± 2.07 mm reduction (P = 0.0001) in study orbits and mean 3.00 ± 2.14 mm reduction (P = 0.0048) in nonstudy orbits]. CAS was significantly reduced (pretreatment mean 4.88 mm and posttreatment mean 1.88 mm, P = 0.006). MRD1 decreased in 11 of 16 orbits and increased in five orbits (P = 0.18 in study orbits and P = 0.22 in nonstudy orbits). MRD2 decreased in six of 16 orbits and increased in eight orbits (P = 0.49 in study orbits and P = 0.43 in nonstudy orbits). Patients exhibited variable changes in eyelid position with teprotumumab. There was a statistically insignificant decrease in MRD1 after teprotumumab. Proptosis reduction led to unpredictable changes in MRD1 and MRD2. Severity of eyelid retraction did not correlate with clinical activity score response to teprotumumab. There are inherent difficulties in evaluating eyelid position in thyroid eye disease, which may necessitate a paradigm shift in how patients are examined, measured, and photographed.
Adult Cognitive Outcomes Following Childhood Mild Traumatic Brain Injury: A Scoping Review
Authors: Chadwick Leah , Peckham S. Benjamin , Yeates Keith Owen
Published: April 2022

Objective:

This review aimed to (1) summarize the existing literature regarding cognitive outcomes in adults with a history of pediatric mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and (2) identify gaps in the literature to provide directions for future research.

Participants:

Participants sustained mTBI in childhood (0-17 years of age) and underwent cognitive assessment in adulthood (older than 18 years) at least 1 year postinjury.

Design:

MEDLINE Ovid and PsycINFO Ovid databases were searched to identify original research studies that examined adult cognitive outcomes after childhood mTBI.

Main Measures:

Cognitive outcome measures assessed memory, attention, visuospatial abilities, processing speed, comprehension, reasoning, intellectual functioning, and executive functioning. Outcome measures ranged from self-reported cognitive symptoms to objective testing.

Results:

A total of 4216 articles were screened, leading to the inclusion of 6 published studies for review (3 prospective cohort and 3 retrospective cohort), with 131 537 participants (mTBI = 6724; controls = 123 823). Review of the included articles suggests that adults with a history of childhood mTBI perform within the average range expected for adult cognitive functioning, although they may perform more poorly than non–head-injured comparison groups on a variety of cognitive measures. Injury-related factors, such as requiring electroencephalography within 24 hours of injury and posttraumatic amnesia lasting longer than 30 minutes, may be associated with variability in adult cognitive outcomes.

Conclusion:

The weight of the available evidence suggests that childhood mTBI does not have a significant impact on adult cognitive functioning. However, further research is needed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the long-term cognitive outcomes of childhood mTBI and to identify predictors of those outcomes in adulthood.
Chronic pain and COVID-19 hospitalisation and mortality: a UK Biobank cohort study
Authors: Hastie Claire E. , Foster Hamish M.E. , Jani Bhautesh D. , O'Donnell Catherine A. , Ho Frederick K. , Pell Jill P. , Sattar Naveed , Katikireddi Srinivasa V. , Mair Frances S. , Nicholl Barbara I.
Published: April 2022

The risk of COVID-19 in those with chronic pain is unknown. We investigated whether self-reported chronic pain was associated with COVID-19 hospitalisation or mortality. UK Biobank recruited 502,624 participants aged 37 to 73 years between 2006 and 2010. Baseline exposure data, including chronic pain (>3 months, in at least 1 of 7 prespecified body sites) and chronic widespread pain (>3 months, all over body), were linked to COVID-19 hospitalisations or mortality. Univariable or multivariable Poisson regression analyses were performed on the association between chronic pain and COVID-19 hospitalisation and Cox regression analyses of the associations with COVID-19 mortality. Multivariable analyses adjusted incrementally for sociodemographic confounders, then lifestyle risk factors, and finally long-term condition count. Of 441,403 UK Biobank participants with complete data, 3180 (0.7%) were hospitalised for COVID-19 and 1040 (0.2%) died from COVID-19. Chronic pain was associated with hospital admission for COVID-19 even after adjustment for all covariates (incidence rate ratio 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.08-1.24; P < 0.001), as was chronic widespread pain (incidence rate ratio 1.33; 95% CI 1.06-1.66; P = 0.012). There was clear evidence of a dose-response relationship with number of pain sites (fully adjusted global P-value < 0.001). After adjustment for all covariates, there was no association between chronic pain (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.89-1.15; P = 0.834) but attenuated association with chronic widespread pain (HR 1.50, 95% CI 1.04-2.16, P-value = 0.032) and COVID-19 mortality. Chronic pain is associated with higher risk of hospitalisation for COVID-19, but the association with mortality is unclear. Future research is required to investigate these findings further and determine whether pain is associated with long COVID.
Pseudomonas uvaldensis sp. nov., a bacterial pathogen causing onion bulb rot
Authors: Khanal Manzeal , Timilsina Sujan , Bhatta Bed Prakash , Bophela Khumbuzile , Coutinho Teresa , Cochran Kimberly , Malla Subas
Published: April 2022

A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated 20TX0172T, was isolated from a rotting onion bulb in Texas, USA. The results of phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA sequence indicated that the novel strain represented a member of the genus

Pseudomonas

and had the greatest sequence similarities with

Pseudomonas kilonensis

520-20T (99.3 %),

Pseudomonas corrugata

CFBP 2431T (99.2 %), and

Pseudomonas viciae

11K1T (99.2 %) but the 16S rRNA phylogenetic tree displayed a monophyletic clade with

Pseudomonas mediterranea

CFBP 5447T. In the phylogenetic trees based on sequences of four housekeeping genes (gap1, gltA, gyrB and rpoD), the novel strain formed a separate branch, indicating that the strain was distinct phylogenetically from known species of the genus

Pseudomonas

. The genome-sequence-derived average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between the novel isolate and

P. mediterranea

DSM 16733T were 86.7 and 32.7 %, respectively. These values were below the accepted species cutoff threshold of 96 % ANI and 70 % dDDH, affirming that the strain represented a novel species. The genome size of the novel species was 5.98 Mbp with a DNA G+C content of 60.8 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain 20TX0172T represents a novel species of the genus

Pseudomonas

. The name Pseudomonas uvaldensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 20TX0172T (=NCIMB 15426T=CIP 112022T).
Sequence dependencies and biophysical features both govern cleavage of diverse cut-sites by HIV protease
Authors: Samant Neha , Nachum Gily , Tsepal Tenzin , Bolon Daniel N.A.
Published: April 2022

The infectivity of HIV-1 requires its protease cleave multiple cut-sites with low sequence similarity. The diversity of cleavage sites has made it challenging to investigate the underlying sequence properties that determine binding and turnover of substrates by PR. We engineered a mutational scanning approach utilizing yeast display, flow cytometry, and deep sequencing to systematically measure the impacts of all individual amino acid changes at 12 positions in three different cut-sites (MA/CA, NC/p1, and p1/p6). The resulting fitness landscapes revealed common physical features that underlie cutting of all three cut-sites at the amino acid positions closest to the scissile bond. In contrast, positions more than two amino acids away from the scissile bond exhibited a strong dependence on the sequence background of the rest of the cut-site. We observed multiple amino acid changes in cut-sites that led to faster cleavage rates, including a preference for negative charge five and six amino acids away from the scissile bond at locations where the surface of protease is positively charged. Analysis of individual cut sites using full-length matrix-capsid proteins indicate that long-distance sequence context can contribute to cutting efficiency such that analyses of peptides or shorter engineered constructs including those in this work should be considered carefully. This work provides a framework for understanding how diverse substrates interact with HIV-1 protease and can be extended to investigate other viral proteases with similar properties.
Microglial inflammatory activation paradoxically improves glucose tolerance during diet-induced obesity
Authors: Douglass J.D. , Valdearcos M. , Ness K.M. , Wyse-Jackson A. , Dorfman M.D. , Frey J. M. , Niraula A. , Banerjee J. , Fasnacht R.D. , Robblee M. , Koliwad S.K. , Thaler J.P.
Published: April 2022

Hypothalamic gliosis associated with high fat diet (HFD) feeding increases susceptibility to hyperphagia and weight gain, and is therefore presumed to promote obesity-associated consequences such as glucose intolerance as well. Nevertheless, the body weight-independent contribution of microglial activation to glucose regulation has not been determined. Here we show that reducing microglial NF-κB signaling via cell-specific IKKβ deletion exacerbates HFD-induced glucose intolerance and insulin resistance despite reducing body weight and adiposity. This effect was associated with reduced activity of hypothalamic glucose sensing neurons. Conversely, a genetic approach to increase microglial inflammatory activity improved glucose tolerance independently of diet in lean rodents. To avoid confounding effects due to chronic alterations to microglial signaling pathways from dietary or genetic interventions, we developed an inducible model of microglial activation using DREADD-based chemogenetics. Gq-coupled GPCR activation rapidly increased microglial calcium levels, cytokine gene expression, and morphological hallmarks of inflammatory activation. In both lean and obese rodents, chemogenetic microglial activation caused a marked improvement in glucose tolerance along with increased activation of hypothalamic glucose sensing neurons, effects abrogated by central blockade of TNFα signaling. Thus, while diet-induced microglial activation promotes weight gain, it may also serve an adaptive function—to prevent the deterioration of glucose tolerance associated with obesity, an important consideration for immune-modulating metabolic therapies.
Transmission of Cervid prions to Humanized Mice Demonstrates the Zoonotic Potential of CWD
Authors: Hannaoui Samia , Zemlyankina Irina , Chang Sheng Chun , Arifin Maria Immaculata , Béringue Vincent , McKenzie Debbie , Schatzl Hermann M. , Gilch Sabine
Published: April 2022

Prions cause infectious and fatal neurodegenerative diseases in mammals. Chronic wasting disease (CWD), a prion disease of cervids, spreads efficiently among wild and farmed animals. Potential transmission to humans of CWD is a growing concern due to its increasing prevalence. Here, we provide the strongest evidence to date supporting the zoonotic potential of CWD prions, and their probable materialization in humans using mice expressing human prion protein (PrP) as an infection model. Inoculation of these mice with deer CWD isolates resulted in atypical clinical manifestations, with prion seeding activity and efficient transmissible infectivity in the brain and, remarkably, in feces. Intriguingly, the protease-resistant PrP in the brain resembled that found in a familial human prion disease and was transmissible upon second passage. Our results are the first evidence that CWD can infect humans with a distinctive clinical presentation, signature, and tropism, and might be transmissible between humans while current diagnostic assays might fail to detect it. These findings have major implications for public health and CWD management.
Two interdigitated fine-scale channels for encoding motion and stereopsis within the human magnocellular stream
Authors: Kennedy B. , Bex P. , Hunter D.G. , Nasr S.
Published: April 2022

In humans and non-human primates (NHPs), motion and stereopsis are processed within fine-scale cortical sites, including V2 thick stripes and their extensions into areas V3 and V3A that are believed to be under the influence of magnocellular stream. However, in both species, the functional organization (overlapping vs. interdigitated) of these sites remains unclear. Using high-resolution functional MRI (fMRI), we found evidence for two interdigitated channels within human extrastriate areas that contribute to processing motion and stereopsis. Across multiple experiments that included different stimuli (random dots, gratings, and natural scenes), the functional selectivity of these channels for motion vs. stereopsis remained consistent. Furthermore, an analysis of resting state functional connectivity revealed stronger functional connectivity within the two channels rather than between them. This finding provides a new perspective toward the mesoscale organization of the magnocellular stream within the human extrastriate visual cortex, beyond our previous understanding based on animal models.
High-throughput nuclear resonance time domain interferometry using annular slits
Authors: Pavlik Marc , Brown Dennis E. , Hu Michael Y. , Zhao Jiyong , Lurio Laurence , Alp E. Ercan
Published: April 2022

Nuclear resonance time domain interferometry (NR-TDI) is used to study the slow dynamics of liquids (that do not require Mössbauer isotopes) at atomic and molecular length scales. Here the TDI method of using a stationary two-line magnetized 57Fe foil as a source and a stationary single-line stainless steel foil analyzer is employed. The new technique of adding an annular slit in front of a single silicon avalanche photodiode detector enables a wide range of momentum transfers (1 to 100 nm−1 by varying the distance between the annular slits and sample) with a high count rate of up to 160 Hz with a Δq resolution of ±1.7 nm−1 at q = 14 nm−1. The sensitivity of this method in determining relaxation times is quantified and discussed. The Kohlrausch–Williams–Watts (KWW) model was used to extract relaxation times for glycerol. These relaxation times give insight into the dynamics of the electron density fluctuations of glycerol as a function of temperature and momentum transfers.
Process-driven quality improvement for scientific data based on information product map
Authors: Zong Wei , Lin Songtao , Gao Yuxing , Yan Yanying
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to provide a process-driven scientific data quality (DQ) monitoring framework by information product map (IP-Map) in identifying the root causes of poor DQ issues so as to assure the quality of scientific data.

Design/methodology/approach

First, a general scientific data life cycle model is constructed based on eight classical models and 37 researchers’ experience. Then, the IP-Map is constructed to visualize the scientific data manufacturing process. After that, the potential deficiencies that may arise and DQ issues are examined from the aspects of process and data stakeholders. Finally, the corresponding strategies for improving scientific DQ are put forward.

Findings

The scientific data manufacturing process and data stakeholders’ responsibilities could be clearly visualized by the IP-Map. The proposed process-driven framework is helpful in clarifying the root causes of DQ vulnerabilities in scientific data.

Research limitations/implications

As for the implications for researchers, the process-driven framework proposed in this paper provides a better understanding of scientific DQ issues during implementing a research project as well as providing a useful method to analyse those DQ issues based on IP-Map approach from the aspects of process and data stakeholders.

Practical implications

The process-driven framework is beneficial for the research institutions, scientific data management centres and researchers to better manage the scientific data manufacturing process and solve the scientific DQ issues.

Originality/value

This research proposes a general scientific data life cycle model and further provides a process-driven scientific DQ monitoring framework for identifying the root causes of poor data issues from the aspects of process and stakeholders which have been ignored by existing information technology-driven solutions. This study is likely to lead to an improved approach to assuring the scientific DQ and is applicable in different research fields.
Overcoming social divisions with the public library
Authors: Igarashi Tomoya , Koizumi Masanori , Widdersheim Michael Majewski
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to describe the full picture of how public libraries contribute to overcoming social division through their resources, programming and services.

Design/methodology/approach

A systematic literature review and analysis was conducted. Literature was collected from LISA and LISTA, two primary databases of library and information science literature. Through individual analyses and discussion among researchers, data from 47 documents were analyzed and classified into three categories: “digital”, “economic” and “demographic” divisions. Examples from the literature were used to illustrate how public libraries impact social division in each of these categories.

Findings

The three categories reveal that public libraries contribute to overcoming social division by reducing inequality and promoting interaction among citizens. This is done by addressing digital, economic and demographic divisions within society.

Originality/value

This study is the first to summarize in a comprehensive way how public libraries contribute to reducing social division. By classifying how public libraries address this important social issue, this study contributes to the literature about how social division can be overcome.
What is known about clinician researcher careers in allied health? A scoping review of the last decade
Authors: Brandenburg Caitlin , Raatz Madeline , Ward Liz
Published: April 2022

Purpose

Although the benefits of clinician researchers for health services are now more clearly recognised, their career development is not well understood. Hence, the purpose of this paper, a scoping review, is to determine what has been discussed in the literature about career opportunities for allied health (AH) clinician researchers in health services.

Design/methodology/approach

A structured literature search was completed in December 2020 for literature published 2010–2020 in English. A total of 2,171 unique abstracts were found and screened by two reviewers and 206 articles progressed to full text screening.

Findings

Forty-six studies were ultimately included; however, only two of these had aims directly related to AH clinician researcher careers, with the remainder containing only incidental data on this topic. Over half (56.5%) of the included studies were conducted in Australia, with a variety of AH professions represented. In terms of research design, 52.2% used cross-sectional survey designs, while case studies and qualitative research designs were also common. Key observations were that varying terminology and definitions were used, and there was little information about the inclusion of research in clinical positions or opportunities for formal clinical researcher positions in health services. There was some evidence to support that there are limited career opportunities after PhD completion, and that current career pathways are insufficient. There was conflicting evidence on whether engagement in research is beneficial for clinical career progression.

Originality/value

This review highlights a lack of research on this topic and outlines future directions to better support career pathways for AH clinician researchers.
Linguistic imperialism: countering anti Black racism in world language teacher preparation
Authors: Austin Tasha
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study aims to highlight the planning, process and results of drawing on engaged pedagogy to humanize Blackness in world language (WL) teacher education. The activities were designed to center lived experiences, augment self-reflection and model instructional differentiation for WL preservice teachers (PSTs).

Design/methodology/approach

This qualitative research paper uses a self-study in teacher education practices (S-STEP) method. It explores how tailored resources, peer and self-assessments and a responsive environment can increase awareness of antiBlackness in instruction and curricula among WL PSTs during a semester-long methods course.

Findings

Findings suggest that centering Blackness in WL methods initiates an awareness of antiBlack racism in WL pedagogy through opportunities for self-reflection and accountability through assessment. To varying degrees, participants demonstrated shifts in their understanding and valuing of Blackness in WL instruction as facilitated through a differentiated environment in which PSTs had access both to the instructor and to one another’s critical feedback.

Originality/value

Linguicism through antiBlack linguistic racism, native speakerism, idealized whiteness and other constructs has been demonstrated to decrease Black and minoritized participation in language teaching. What has yet to be addressed is this same pushout from an inclusive Black diasporic approach to WL teacher preparation. This study highlights nationalism, ableism, accentism, racism, anti-immigrant sentiments and racial stereotypes as different entry points to understanding antiBlackness within WL teacher preparation.
Leveraging mega-threats to reduce prejudice: a model for multi-level changes
Authors: Waples Ethan P. , Botsford Morgan Whitney
Published: April 2022

Purpose

The paper introduces a multi-level model to reduce prejudice through supporting diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) at the institutional, organizational, and individual levels. The purpose of the model is to provide theoretically undergirded pathways to explain how societal events calling for systemic changes in DEI practices can engage and inculcate such systemic changes in organizations and institutions.

Design/methodology/approach

The model draws upon macro-level (i.e. institutional theory and institutional logics) theories from sociology and strategic management, meso-level theories from leadership and strategy, and micro-level organizational behavior and human resource management theories.

Findings

Resting on open systems theory (Katz and Kahn, 1966) as a backdrop, the authors address how institutional changes result in organizational level changes driving multi-level outcomes of increased DEI, reduced prejudice in work-related settings, and performance gains. The authors suggest the recursive nature of the model can trigger institutional level shifts in logics or result in isomorphic pressures that further change organizational fields and organizations.

Originality/value

The contribution rests in a multi-level examination to help understand how environmental pressures can motivate organizations to enact broader changes related to social justice, specifically increasing efforts in DEI inside the operational aspects of the organization. By enacting these changes, the authors suggest the resultant positive changes in organizations will enhance culture and performance, creating isomorphic pressure for industry wide changes that may begin to move the needle on addressing systemic problems that feed prejudicial behavior in the workplace.
Potential sport tourists’ decision-making during the pandemic
Authors: Cho Heetae , Joo Dongoh , Koh Jin Kai
Published: April 2022

Purpose

This study examined potential sport tourists’ decision-making regarding a sporting event rescheduled due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Design/methodology/approach

An extended model of goal-directed behavior – encompassing the perception of COVID-19, attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, positive anticipated emotion, negative anticipated emotion, desire and behavioral intention – was built and tested using survey data and structural equation modeling.

Findings

The perception of COVID-19 significantly influenced attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control and positive anticipated emotion, which then collectively led to desire. Desire, alongside optimism bias, had a substantial impact on behavioral intention. However, the perception of COVID-19 was not related to negative anticipated emotion.

Originality/value

The findings highlight the roles that optimism bias and the perception of COVID-19 play in shaping individuals’ intentions to engage in sport tourism, suggesting how marketers and managers of sporting events should respond to the pandemic.
Laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass: A revisional procedure for failed laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Elmahdy Tamer M. , Elsherpiny Waleed Y. , Barakat Hossam B.
Published: April 2022

BACKGROUND

The indications for bariatric surgery revision are weight loss failure, complications or weight regain so laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass (LOAGB) is a promising revisional bariatric procedure for failed laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG).

AIM OF STUDY

The aim was to evaluate LOAGB as a revisional bariatric procedure for failed LSG regarding weight loss, improvement in comorbidities and complications.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This prospective study was carried out at the Gastrointestinal and Laparoscopic Surgery Unit, General Surgery Department, Tanta University, between Jan 2018 and June 2019. It included 40 patients who underwent LOAGB as a revisional bariatric procedure for failed LSG.

RESULTS

The study population included 32 females and 8 males with a mean age of 28.20 ± 7.22 years. The mean preoperative body mass index (BMI) was 45.54 ± 5.24 kg/m2. The mean operative time was 80.59 ± 35.42 min and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 3.35 days. Neither conversion to open or to other bariatric procedures, nor mortality occurred. Revisional surgery was performed 45 ± 10.5 months after primary LSG Concomitant procedures were cholecystectomy in 4 patients (10%) and re‐sleeve for wide proximal pouch occurred in 15 patients (37.5%). Early complications were encountered in 4 patients (10%), intraluminal bleeding was recorded in 1 patient (2.5%). Late complications included 8 patients (20%). The mean postoperative excess body weight loss percent achieved was 45.23 ± 12.35 at 1 year, 58.85 ± 14.60 at 2 years. The mean BMI achieved was 34.52 ± 4.26 at 1 year, 29.37 ± 6.95 at 2 years.

CONCLUSION

Laparoscopic one anastomosis gastric bypass is an easy, safe and effective revisional bariatric procedure for failed LSG producing satisfactory weight loss and improvement or resolution of comorbidities with low perioperative complications.
Method development and optimization for measuring chymotrypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor activities
Authors: Liu Keshun
Published: April 2022

Protease inhibitors of protein nature are rich in seeds of legume crops. There are two common types: Kunitz inhibitor, which mainly inhibits trypsin, and Bowman–Birk inhibitor, which inhibits both trypsin and chymotrypsin. Historically, trypsin inhibitor activity in legume products has been of primary interest for measurement. However, as plant proteins are increasingly used for food or feed in recent years, there is a growing interest in monitoring chymotrypsin inhibitor activity (CIA) in these products as well. Reported methods for CIA assay vary greatly and are incompletely described. No standardized or official method is available. The present study focused on developing a robust method for accurately measuring CIA, using N‐benzoyl‐L‐tyrosine p‐nitroanilide (BTpNA) as a substrate. Since BTpNA is not water soluble, a water‐miscible organic solvent must be present. After investigating the effects of several factors, such as absorption spectra, organic solvent type and concentration, substrate and enzyme concentrations, inhibitor levels (which affected % chymotrypsin inhibition), the sequence of adding reagents, extractant and extraction time, and so forth, an optimized method for CIA measurement was finally developed. It features dimethylformamide as the organic solvent, the enzyme‐last sequence, 5 ml total assay volume, and calculation of the inhibitor activity based on 40% chymotrypsin inhibition. The method can also be slightly modified for measuring chymotrypsin activity. The robust performance of the method was verified by measuring 11 assorted protein products, paving a way for standardization.

Practical Application

With an increasing use of plant proteins, there is an urgent need to measure chymotrypsin inhibitor activity in various protein products with accuracy. After thoroughly investigating several factors, an optimized method for measuring chymotrypsin inhibitor activity in various protein products was developed. The proposed method is sensitive and robust, providing a basis for standardization. It can also be used for measuring chymotrypsin activity.
Treatment outcomes of patients with stage III non–small cell lung cancer and interstitial lung diseases receiving intensity‐modulated radiation therapy: A single‐center experience of 85 cases
Authors: Wu Linfang , Zhao Shijun , Huang Hui , Wang Wenqing , Zhang Tao , Zhou Zongmei , Feng Qinfu , Liang Jun , Xiao Zefen , Hui Zhouguang , Lv Jima , Bi Nan , Wang Luhua
Published: April 2022

Objectives

Whether curative‐intent radiotherapy could be safely applied to lung cancer patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) remains unclear. We aim to evaluate radiation induced lung toxicities (RILTs) and the efficacy of intensity‐modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in these patients. ILD is characterized by inflammation or fibrosis in the interstitial tissue of the lung.

Materials and Methods

Stage III non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and ILD patients treated with curative‐intent IMRT between 2010 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Pre‐radiation computed tomography (CT) was scored according to a thin‐section CT scoring system for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.

Results

A total of 85 of 1261 stage III NSCLC patients were found with ILD. Seventeen (20%) of them developed G3+ (greater than or equal to grade 3) RILTs. The incidence abruptly dropped to 11.1%, 3.8%, and 0% for patients with honeycombing score ≤1, V20 <20%, or both, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that honeycombing score >1 and V20 ≥20% were independently associated with higher risk of G3+ RILTs. The median overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) were 14.0 months and 7.4 months in the whole group, whereas 26.5 months and 10.6 months in the low‐risk group (patients with honeycombing score <1 and V20 <20%). In the univariate analysis for overall survival, G3+ RILTs were evaluated as risk factors (p = 0.026) and low‐risk group as the only protective factor (p = 0.063). In the multivariate analysis, G3+ RILTs were the only independent risk factor for OS.

Conclusion

Honeycombing score >1 and V20 ≥20% were associated with high incidence of RILTs. However, patients with low risk might benefit from IMRT with acceptable toxicities and durable OS.
Clinical xenotransplantation seems close: Ethical issues persist
Authors: Entwistle John W. , Sade Robert M. , Drake Daniel H.
Published: April 2022

Scientific barriers that have prevented successful xenotransplantation are being breached, yet many ethical issues remain. Some are broad issues that accompany the adoption of novel and expensive technologies, and some are unique to xenotransplantation. Major ethical questions include areas such as: viral transmission; zoonoses and lifetime surveillance; interfering with nature; efficacy, access, and expense; treatment of animals; regulation and oversight.
Hemostatic changes in patients undergoing hemodialysis: Differences between central venous catheters and arterio‐venous fistulas
Authors: Cunha Mayara Dumont , Ottoni Marcelo Henrique Fernandes , da Silva Natalia Cristina , Araújo Samuel Jorge Teixeira , Duarte Rita Carolina Figueiredo , Lucas Thabata Coaglio
Published: April 2022

Background

Failure to mature the fistula in patients undergoing hemodialysis leads to prolonged use of the central venous catheter (CVC) and can compromise the patency of the catheter and the arteriovenous fistula (AVF) due to thrombus development.

Objective

To evaluate hemostatic changes in patients undergoing hemodialysis with prolonged use of CVC or AVF.

Method

Cross‐sectional study with a total of 200 adult participants who were divided into the following groups: I:control; II: patients who had 5–8 months of CVC insertion; III: patients who had 9–36 months of insertion; IV patients who had 5–8 months of AVF; and V: patients who had 9–36 months of AVF. Platelet activation was investigated by expressions of GPIIb/IIIa and p‐selectin using flow cytometry. The Elisa‐thrombomodulin (TM) test was used to compare groups III and V.

Results

The p‐selectin percentage expression of group I was 15.30 (12.30–16.80), II 23.25 (20.75–30.55); and III 54.00 (44.75–59.29) were significant (p < 0.001). Groups I, IV, and V were also significant (p < 0.001). The median fluorescence for GPIIb/IIIa for groups I, II, and III were significant (p < 0.0001). As for the Elisa test, an increased absorbance of TM was verified in patients who used the CVC 4372 (3951–4733) compared with those patients who used the AVF 2162 (1932–2485) (p < 0.0001).

Conclusion

It can be concluded that CVC patients had a larger platelet expression of GPIIb/IIIa and p‐selectin than AVF patients. The high concentration of TM in CVC patients may suggest a greater stimulation of the intrinsic than extrinsic coagulation pathways.
Ketamine for suicidality: An umbrella review
Authors: Shamabadi Ahmad , Ahmadzade Ali , Hasanzadeh Alireza
Published: April 2022

The urgent need for appropriate treatment for suicide, the tenth leading cause of death, has led to numerous studies. This study aims to systematically identify and appraise systematic reviews with or without meta‐analyses investigating ketamine in suicidal ideation and behaviours. Scopus, ISI, Embase, PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and two registries were searched without any restrictions for systematic reviews investigating the efficacy of ketamine on suicidal ideation and behaviours. The primary outcome was the final inference of ketamine effectiveness. A formal narrative synthesis was conducted, and the AMSTAR‐2 tool was used to evaluate the quality of the studies. Of 27 studies that addressed ketamine for suicidal ideation, only four reported mixed or negative results, and out of nine reviews, esketamine was significantly beneficial only in five. A transient rise in pulse rate and blood pressure, dissociation, confusion, blurred vision, nausea and vertigo were the most common adverse effects; however, most were mild. More than two‐thirds of the included studies qualified as of low or critically low quality. Preliminary evidence for the short‐term efficacy of ketamine in suicidality was noted by the majority of reviews; however, long‐term effects remained unknown. Due to the low quality of many studies and the limitations of core studies, further research is required.
Cognitive and behavioral profiles in children with autism spectrum disorder with and without Attention‐Deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Rosello Rocio , Martinez‐Raga Jose , Tomas Jose Manuel , Mira Alvaro , Cortese Samuele
Published: April 2022

Background

Understanding the developmental trajectories of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with and without comorbid ADHD is relevant to tailor care plans. This prospective study assessed, for the first time, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, and learning outcomes in adolescence of children with ASD−ADHD and in those with ASD+ADHD in childhood. Possible predictors of severity of ASD core symptoms in adolescence were also evaluated.

Methods

Forty‐five adolescents without intellectual disability, 26 diagnosed in childhood with ASD−ADHD and 19 with ASD+ADHD, were evaluated at baseline (mean age: 8.6 ± 1.3) and at 5‐year follow‐up (mean age: 12.9 ± 0.9). Parents and teachers completed questionnaires on executive functions, theory of mind (ToM), emotional/behavioral difficulties (EBD), and learning style at both time points..

Results

Overall different developmental trajectories for the two groups were found. In general, deficits in metacognition processes, ToM skills, EBD, and learning abilities were more pronounced in the ASD+ group. Over time, the ASD+ADHD group, but not the ASD−ADHD, tended to improve in EBD and metacognition but their level of development continued to be lower compared with ASD+ADHD. EBD in childhood were significant predictors of autism core symptoms of adolescents.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the importance of an early identification of comorbid ADHD symptoms in ASD to offer treatment strategies based on specific developmental trajectories.
Methyl benzoate and cinnamate analogs as modulators of DNA methylation in hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Castro‐Vazquez Diana , Sánchez‐Carranza Jessica Nayelli , Alvarez Laura , Juárez‐Mercado Karina Eurídice , Sánchez‐Cruz Noberto , Medina‐Franco José L. , Antunez‐Mojica Mayra , González‐Maya Leticia
Published: April 2022

Phenolic acids represent a large collection of phytochemical molecules present in the plant kingdom; they have an important role as epigenetic regulators, particularly as inhibitors of DNA methylation. In the present study, 14 methyl benzoate and cinnamate analogs were synthesized (11–24). Their cytotoxic activity on hepatocellular carcinoma cells (Hep3B) and immortalized human hepatocyte cells was then evaluated. In addition, its effect on the inhibition of global DNA methylation in Hep3B was also determined. Our results showed that the cinnamic derivatives 11–14 and 20–22 were more potent than the free caffeic acid (IC50 109.7–364.2 µM), being methyl 3,4‐dihydroxycinammate (12) the most active with an IC50 = 109.7 ± 0.8 µM. Furthermore, 11–14, 20–23 compounds decreased overall DNA methylation levels by 63% to 97%. The analogs methyl 4‐hydroxycinnamate (11), methyl 3,4,5‐trimethoxycinnamate (14), methyl 4‐methoxycinnamate (21), and methyl 3,4‐dimethoxycinnamate (22) showed relevant activities of both cytotoxicity and global DNA methylation inhibition. The molecular docking of 21 and 14 suggested that they partly bind to the SAH‐binding pocket of DNA methyltransferase 1. These results emphasize the importance of natural products and their analogs as potential sources of DNA methylation modulating agents.
A meta‐analysis of forgiveness education interventions’ effects on forgiveness and anger in children and adolescents
Authors: Rapp Hannah , Wang Xu Jiahe , Enright Robert D.
Published: April 2022

Forgiveness education interventions instruct children and adolescents in understanding forgiveness and its role in healthy relationships. In this meta‐analytic review, 20 studies involving 1472 youth (51% female; Mage = 11.66) from 10 countries (studies: 40% North American, 25% East Asian, 20% Middle Eastern, 15% European) were retrieved to determine forgiveness education interventions’ effects on youth outcomes. Hedges’ g and confidence intervals (CIs) were used to assess treatment effects. Findings suggest that forgiveness education interventions have a significant positive effect on forgiveness (g = 0.54, 95% CI [0.36, 0.73]) and anger (g = 0.29, 95% CI [0.11, 0.47]). Results lend support to the idea that children and adolescents who experience hurt from the unjust actions of others may benefit from learning about the process of forgiveness.
Are victims of bullying primarily social outcasts? Person‐group dissimilarities in relational, socio‐behavioral, and physical characteristics as predictors of victimization
Authors: Kaufman Tessa M. L. , Laninga‐Wijnen Lydia , Lodder Gerine M. A.
Published: April 2022

Existing literature has mostly explained the occurrence of bullying victimization by individual socioemotional maladjustment. Instead, this study tested the person‐group dissimilarity model (Wright et al., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 50: 523–536, 1986) by examining whether individuals’ deviation from developmentally important (relational, socio‐behavioral, and physical) descriptive classroom norms predicted victimization. Adolescents (N = 1267, k = 56 classrooms; Mage = 13.2; 48.7% boys; 83.4% Dutch) provided self‐reported and peer‐nomination data throughout one school year (three timepoints). Results from group actor–partner interdependence models indicated that more person‐group dissimilarity in relational characteristics (fewer friendships; incidence rate ratios [IRR]T2 = 0.28, IRRT3 = 0.16, fewer social media connections; IRRT3 = 0.13) and, particularly, lower disruptive behaviors (IRRT2 = 0.35, IRRT3 = 0.26) predicted victimization throughout the school year.
A syndrome of severe intellectual disability, hypotonia, failure to thrive, dysmorphism, and thinning of corpus callosum maps to chromosome 7q21.13‐q21.3
Authors: Halperin Daniel , Agam Nadav , Hallak Maher , Feinstein Miora , Drabkin Max , Yogev Yuval , Wormser Ohad , Shavit Eitan , Gradstein Libe , Shelef Ilan , Mijalovsky Aanalia , Flusser Hagit , Birk Ohad S.
Published: April 2022

Six individuals of consanguineous Bedouin kindred presented at infancy with an autosomal recessive syndrome of severe global developmental delay, positive pyramidal signs, unique dysmorphism, skeletal abnormalities, and severe failure to thrive with normal birth weights. Patients had a profound intellectual disability and cognitive impairment with almost no acquired developmental milestones by 12 months. Early‐onset axial hypotonia evolved with progressive muscle weakness, reduced muscle tone, and hyporeflexia. Craniofacial dysmorphism consisted of a triangular face with a prominent forehead and midface hypoplasia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated thinning of the corpus callosum and paucity of white matter. Genome‐wide linkage analysis identified a single ~4 Mbp disease‐associated locus on chromosome 7q21.13‐q21.3 (LOD score>5). Whole‐exome and genome sequencing identified no nonsynonymous pathogenic biallelic variants in any of the genes within this locus. Following the exclusion of partially resembling syndromes, we now describe a novel autosomal recessive syndrome mapped to a ~4Mbp locus on chromosome 7.