bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From Terror to Treatment: a History of Human Castration
Authors: Nacchia Antonio , Lombardo Riccardo , Tubaro Andrea , De Nunzio Cosmino
Published: January 2023

Objectives Castration is any action, surgical or chemical, by which an individual loses use of the gonads, most commonly referring to loss of the testicles. Reference to elective castration has been, according to Diodorus, as old as the human record itself, first being practiced in pharaonic Egypt. Castration has been practiced as a means to produce eunuchs, a punitive measure in military and secular courts, and a source of trophy-taking in warfare. The role of castration in the control of advanced and metastatic prostate cancer became a well recognized standard of care in the mid-20th century earning Nobel Prizes for its pioneers. Our aim was to better understand the history of human castration and its transformation from an instrument of terror to a standard and sometimes life-saving urological treatment. Methods A literature review on human castration was performed through Medline, PubMed, the Gutenburg Project, and Google Scholar searching words “castration”, “eunuch”, “orchiectomy” and “androgen deprivation”. We accessed the public archives of the British Museum (London) and digital classical libraries as cited. Reports were collected to create a timeline. Results First reports of human castration date back to the 21st century (BCE) in the ancient city of Lagash, Sumeria when used for the creation of court eunuchs. Castration figured prominently in most ancient cultures from myth to jurisprudence. The god Uranus was castrated by his son, Cronus (Saturn), with an adamantine sickle, throwing the severed gonads into the sea. There is at least conjectural evidence of castration on medical, criminal, and even volitional grounds from pharaonic and classical history through medieval and modern times. Primitive medical observations recognized the different phenotypes of pre-pubertal and post-pubertal eunuchs especially on the voice which may account for the popularity of some castrati in the history of choral music. Castration was a well-established procedure in the domestication of animals for millennia but it was only in 1941 that Charles Huggins and others first demonstrated the effects of bilateral orchiectomy in the control of prostate cancer. Medical castration, now with special androgen receptor inhibitors, continues to be a mainstay in the management of metastatic and hormone refractory prostate cancer. Conclusions Medical or surgical castration plays an important role in the modern management of advanced prostate cancer. Castration has existed in human cultures for thousands of years, although its true prevalence is unknown, accounted for in the folklore and sparse records typical of ancient times.
Diversity of butterflies across three land use types of Chebera Churchura National Park and its surroundings, Southwestern Ethiopia
Authors:   Animal Biodiversity Directorate, Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, P.O. Box 30726, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Hailay Gebreegziabher , Getu Emana ,   Department of Zoological Sciences, College of Natural and Computational Sciences; Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Published: January 2023

Understanding and identifying butterfly species in various land uses serves a crucial eco-logical function in protecting biodiversity and improving environmental policy decisions. However, such a study on the diversity of butterflies from different land use types in and around Chebera Churchura Na-tional Park, southwestern Ethiopia, is extremely lacking. Thus, the present study aimed to quantify the species richness and abundance of butterflies in the Chebera Churchura National Park and its surroundings, which are prioritized for their conservation. Data was collected from January 2021 to June 2021 following the line transect method in the three habitat types using a standard insect net. In total, 2118 individuals representing 79 species and 38 genera belonging to five families were recorded. The Nymphalidae were the most dominant butterfly family, accounting for 45 species (57%) of the total butterflies observed, while the Heaspariidae contributed the least. Among the 79 species, 9 were very common, 32 were common, 37 were rare, and 1 was very rare. Based on butterfly species richness and composition, riverine forest had the greatest diversity and abundance with 65 species and 1028 individuals, and the least species composition was recorded in mosaic habitat with 26 species and 350 individuals, and the difference in diversity was significant. The study region was generally found to be rich in the diversity and abundance of butterflies in all three forms of land use. However, the study area is currently becoming an investment hub, and many road development projects are being planned. Ongoing human activities will devastate and harm the richness, abundance, and diversity of butterfly species. As a result, such human-induced activities need to be carefully studied to protect biodiversity.
Because it is a Site and Еverything on the Internet is True
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Damyanova Adriana
Published: January 2023

The text analyzes the answers of participants in PISA 2022 to three of the questions with the help of which the reading literacy of 15-year-olds in Bulgaria was assessed. Based on analysis, the text reaches conclusions about the educational deficits that determine the unsatisfactory level of the mentioned literacy of the Bulgarian students, and outlines possibilities for their compensation.
The Role of Civic Education for Maintenance the Democratic Basis of the Contemporary Societies
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Milanova Evelina , Zarkova Polina
Published: January 2023

The article is focused on the academic subjects that possess clearly marked integrative essence (civic, language, health, intercultural education). Civic education is considered as an integral part of the educational system aiming the successful socialization of youngsters. The goals of civic education are overseen in the light of gaining civic competence with three-dimensional structure of knowledge, skills and attitudes by the students.
A Trace of ‘Serapionov Principle’ in Hoffmann’s Last Short Story – Des Vetters Eckfenster
Authors:   Prof. Dr. Assen Zlatarov” University, Dubarova Elitsa
Published: January 2023

Hoffmann’s last short story –‘My Cousin's Corner Window’, leaves his researchers and readers stunned by a challenge, which can be defined as literarytheoretical in character, and imposes a speculation – is it conceivable that Hoffmann – the romantic, the creator of ones of the brightest fantastic and diabolical plots, can, at the end of his creative paths, to have betrayed his deeply rooted romantic essence and turn to realism. On the surface, the story unfolds as a mimetic narrative, but eventually turns out to be entirely influenced by the romantic aesthetic in general, as well as the author’s personal aesthetic principles. The current article aims to prove that by entwining complicated fictional and autobiographical elements in the crossing point between sickness and health, Hoffmann reasserts and bequeaths to the next generations the so called ‘The Serapiontic Principle’, that is: even the most incredible stories should be told with clear conscience, enlightened spirit and unquenched love for life.
Alchemical Symbols and Motifs in the Novel by E.T.A. Hoffmann The Golden Pot
Authors:   University of Plovdiv “Paisii Hilendarski”, Bedavadzhieva Tanya
Published: January 2023

The present observations are an attempt at the study of the novel “The Golden Pot” by E. T. A. Hoffmann. The purpose of the article is to propose a possible way of interpreting Hoffmann's work full of symbolism through the prism of alchemical art. Through the juxtaposition of the “Golden Pot” and alchemical symbolism, parallels are sought between the fusion of Anselmus and the Serpentine and the alchemical fusion of the White Queen and the Red King that creates the Philosopher's Stone. The observations are directed, on the one hand, to the overall structure of the novella, as a kind of alchemical opus. Individual elements and symbols that could also be interpreted as alchemical are also sought.
Results of a Study of the Aggressive Attitudes and Emotional State of the Students
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Stoyanova Elitsa , Yaneva Anzhelina , Mitreva Boyana
Published: January 2023

This article summarizes the results of a study of the aggressive attitudes and emotional state of the students of Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” and Medical College “Y. Filaretova”. The current environment and conditions of crisis – social, energy, economic, political, cultural, spiritual, value, etc. instills the feeling of fear – fear of disease, fear of war, etc. The lack of morals and stable values, as well as the lack of statehood, unquestionably unlocks in man his worst qualities. Aggression is one of those qualities. The studied students answered two questionnaires, one containing 75 questions and the other 28. The analysis of the data shows that most of the students do not feel respected enough and consider that their rights are violated, but they tend not to respect and/or circumvent the rules, to “maneuver” and tolerate irresponsible behavior. A large number of students have aggressive attitudes and tend to hide them, but in general they are tense, unbalanced.
The Educational Potential of the Subject Physical Education and Sport
Authors:   Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Hristova Petya
Published: January 2023

Awareness, health knowledge, and the role of health-enhancing physical activity for the human body are essential for shaping attitudes and habits for a healthy lifestyle. Modern health policies unite around the fact that an individual can do more for their health and well-being than the best-developed health system. The author highlights the educational potential of the subject “Physical education and sport” in the higher education system of Bulgaria.
Benefits and Drawbacks of learner handover: A Scoping Review
Authors: Shahid Mehvish
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Learner Handover (LH), modeled after Patient Handover Protocols, is the act of collecting data regarding different aspects of student performance, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses so that it can be presented to future teachers as an added aide in planning their teaching activities. It has recently gained popularity due to its application in Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME). This scoping review aimed to consolidate current knowledge regarding the usage, benefits, and drawbacks of Learner Handover and to highlight areas for future research.Method: The Arksey and O’Malley framework was used to systematically select and summarize the literature available. Articles relevant to Medical Education were selected from searches of two databases and one search engine. Only articles published after 2017 to ensure the most recent developments were accounted for. Data were analyzed thematically and quantitatively.Results: Out of the 12 articles reviewed, 46% usage of the Learner Handover revolved around smoothening out the UGME-PGME transition. 39% of studies focused on the assessment of students and talked about the use of Learner Handover as a teaching aid. The most common benefits were a) Tailored Learning Environment, b) Programme Preparedness, and Improved Patient Safety whereas the drawbacks most mentioned revolved around a) Generation of bias, b) Resource intensiveness, and c) Breach of confidentiality.Conclusion: Learner Handover is a multifaceted process that provides performance information to future faculty, establishing a continuum that can map out the longitudinal improvements of medical students. However, there are major drawbacks – like the generation of academic bias and breach of confidentiality - that need to be controlled. Additional research is needed to fully understand the efficacy of the benefits and the extent of the drawbacks. However, in the Competency-Based Educational Model, a well-designed Handover Protocol may prove integral.

 

KEYWORDS: Learner Handover, Competency-Based Medical Education, Prior Performance Indicators, Forward Feeding
Correlation of Emotional Intelligence, Intelligence Quotient with academic performances of Dental students. A Cross Sectional study
Authors: Siddiqui Talha Mufeed , Wali Aisha , Hussain Ali , Ahmed Ali , Kumar Jatindar
Published: January 2023

Introduction: Several researchers academics have revealed in recent years that cognitive ability alone is insufficient to predict success,and that morals, talent, attitude, and behaviour all play a role. Salovey and Mayer investigated the reasons why many clever people failed in life more than a decade ago. Their research led to the identification of an intelligence subset known as emotional intelligence (EI). EI, as a sort of social intelligence, is more important than cognitive intelligence in terms of success.Objective: The aim of the present study was to determine the correlation of EQ and IQ with Academic performances.Methods: The present cross -sectional study was conducted in Baqai Dental College from July 2021- September 2021 after getting ethical approval from Ethical review board, Baqai Dental College. Dental students from 2nd year, 3rd year and Final year were invited to participate through census sampling technique. The study included all students from each class who were present on the day of data collection whereas those absent from each class were excluded from the study.Results: A total of 165 dental students participated in the study. Majority of the dental students fall in the domain of emotional awareness and management within 25-34 range of effective functioning. Frequency and percentages were also calculated for level of intelligence and 72 (43.6%) of the dental students scored 90-109 which is considered as Normal. Association of students marks from the last examination with IQ score was calculated and 48(39.7%) students with <60% in the last examination fall in the Normal range of IQ. Correlation between EQ, IQ and academic performance was calculated and showed that a negative correlation was found between Academic performance and IQ.Conclusion: The present study concluded that emotional intelligence is positively correlated with academic performance and negatively correlated with IQ.KEYWORDS: Academic performance, Intelligent Quotient, Emotional awareness, Emotional intelligence, Emotional management, Relationship management
Are Medical Educators Primed To Adopt Artificial Intelligence In Healthcare System And Medical Education?
Authors: Iqbal Shazia
Published: January 2023

Currently, the acceptance of artificial intelligence (AI) in thehealth care system and medical education is growing rapidly.It is crucial to involve healthcare professionals and medicaleducators in developing, authenticating, and implementingAI-enabled tools in medicine. A lack of AI knowledge andinadequate preparation to embrace this revolution will leadto orthodox patient care. Consequently, medical support willnot be optimal to keep pace with rapidly changing healthcaretrends word widely. This is a significant barrier to adoptingand implementing AI that will affect the quality of patient careand the future of the healthcare sector. In addition, the limitedexisting AI education programs are a barrier to the developmentand implementation of AI-assisted applications at various levelsof medical education (Charow et al., 2021).
Perceptions of students about the educational environment in Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan
Authors: Hassan Muhammad Muizz , Aijaz Azka
Published: January 2023

Introduction:Student satisfaction, academic performance, and learning effectiveness have all been related to the educational environmental perceptions in medical institutes. Students' opinions of their educational environment might help medical schools discover impediments and opportunities to improve student learning.

Objective:To evaluate student perception related to current traditional and integrated learning methodologies in the Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan.

Methods: The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) questionnaire was provided to students of Gomal Medical College Dera Ismail Khan after approval from the institute. One hundred and sixty-one students out of 190 returned the questionnaire. The data was analyzed with SPSS 27.0. All questions were evaluated on a 5-point Likert scale.

Results:The mean age of the students was 21.34±1.73 years. There were 89 (55.34%) males and 72 (42.66%) female students. The mean DREEM score among the students was 116.15±3.73. The highest score among the students was 153 and the lowest score was 42.The scores were higher among males than females.

Conclusion: The students were more positive and self-assured. Students had a more positive attitude toward teachers, the learning environment, and the atmosphere. However, they were lacking in social perceptionrequiring attention.

KEYWORDS: Dundee Ready Educational Environment Measure, educational environment, medical institutes, perception
Physical and chemical quality of chicken eggs (Lohman brown strains) feed conventional feed with the addition of lemuru fish oil
Authors: Basudewa I Gusti Bagus , Astawa I Putu Ari , Cakra I Gusti Lanang Oka , Nuriyasa I Made
Published: January 2023

This study aims to determine the quality of chicken eggs of the Lohman Brown has given fish oil in rations. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with a total of 160 chickens with 4 treatments and 4 replications and each replication consisted of 10 chickens. P0: Ration without fish oil, P1: Ration using 0.2% fish oil, P2: Rations using 0.3% fish oil, P3: Rations using 0.4% fish oil. The feed used is composed of feed ingredients, namely corn, bran, concentrate, mineral, and fish flour. The variables observed included egg weight, egg white weight, egg yolk weight, shell thickness, shell weight, yolk color, Haugh units, yolk index, fat content, protein content, and cholesterol. The results showed that the use of fish oil of 0.2% in the ratio gave significantly different results (P<0.05) on egg weight, yolk weight, shell thickness, Haugh unit, or yolk index, while the results showed no significant difference (P>0.05) on white weight, shell weight, yolk color, fat content, protein content, cholesterol in eggs.
Los medios de comunicación social en El Salvador.
Authors: Urquiza Waldemar
Published: January 2023

El autor del presente artículo hace una exposición objetiva y balanceada de los medios de comunicación social de El Salvador. Para ello estudia la relación entre comunicación e ideología, la comunicación en la comunicación, estudia la apertura y la influencia de los medios de comunicación y la evolución de la apertura de dichos medios.
El cristianismo ante el siglo XXI en América Latina una reflexión desde las víctimas.
Authors: Sobrino Jon
Published: January 2023

El autor plantea la necesidad de la iglesia de volver a Medellín; más en concreto a la fé y a la Iglesia de los pobres que surgió de Medellín. Desde el inicio del artículo, deja claro que el esfuerzo por rehacer, por historizar la Iglesia de los pobres, lo ha ce desde los pobres y víctimas de este mundo. Mundo de da luz para desmitificar las "novedades" de la globalización.
La ética y el movimiento de Jesús
Authors: Gracio Das Neves Rui Manuel
Published: January 2023

El autor se propone mostrarnos cuál es la lectura ética que mejor define el Movimiento de Jesús: el dualismo tradicional de occidente que pone énfasis en el deber ser, la recompensa externa y "el negocio divino" o el de una ética holística, igualitaria y liberadora, centrada en el descubrimiento de los propios auto-engaños, y de plena conciencia del ser. Desde un novedoso análisis ético, nos acerca a una lectura polémica de la ética subyacente en el Movimiento de Jesús.
¿Tiene sentido estudiar historia, hoy?: Algunas reflexiones acerca del estudio de la historia
Authors: Grenni Héctor
Published: January 2023

Con estas reflexiones se quiere abrir un espacio para pensar acerca de la historia, hoy. Partiendo de las distintas concepciones acerca de la historia en la antigüedad clásica y discurriendo luego acerca de si la historia es una ciencia o un arte, se termina reflexionando sobre su significado último. Las consideraciones finales están dirigidas a los protagonistas de la historia: los hombres y mujeres de todos los tiempos.
Editorial: la democracia y los procesos electorales en nuestro país
Authors: Flores José Humberto
Published: January 2023

Editorial: la democracia y los procesos electorales en nuestro país, No. 3, enero 2004.
Educación y relaciones de poder.
Authors: Méndez Mario
Published: January 2023

Existe una relación estrecha entre educación, cambio social e intereses de las clases dominantes. Ese vínculo es analizado aquí a partir de algunas intuiciones fundamentales de Michel Foucault relativas a las relaciones de poder que crean discursos y producen sujetos.
Lyotard y la postmodernidad.
Authors: Fúnez Rubén
Published: January 2023

En este artículo el autor pretende exponer lo más fidedignamente posible el pensamiento de Lyotard sobre la postmodernidad. El análisis del autor está centrado principalmente en la situación de los países industrializados; sin embargo alguna luz puede arrojar, por aceptación o por oposición, para que comprendamos nuestra actual situación.
¿Educar para la libertad? ¿Cuál libertad?
Authors: Méndez Mario
Published: January 2023

La libertad, tal y como nos la presentan hoy, es una libertad inventada en las revoluciones europeas de los siglos XVII y XVIII. Esa forma individualista de entender la libertad se ha filtrado en los procesos educativos, especialmente en las propuestas de educación en valores. Este artículo nos invita a mantener una actitud crítica frente a las diversas propuestas educativas.
El mundo único fragmentado: Contextualización del problema de nuestro tiempo (Parte I)
Authors: Flores José Humberto
Published: January 2023

En este artículo, el autor pretende describir el problema de nuestro tiempo desde dos enfoques: el postmodernismo y la globalización económica. Luego, hace una crítica a la sociedad desde la perspectiva del “mundo único fragmentado”. El análisis del autor será expuesto en dos partes: En la primera, que aparece en este número, expone el problema de la postmodernidad; y en la segunda parte, expondrá la globalización económica y la crítica sobre el único mundo fragmentado.
La soledad, umbral de la filosofía.
Authors: Fúnez Rubén
Published: January 2023

El autor se propone llamar la atención sobre la necesidad que tienen todos aquellos que quieran llevar una vida intelectual honrada, de evitar el ruido, la publicidad y la propaganda del sofismo moderno. Para ello recurre a las diversas experiencias filosóficas, que se han dado a lo largo del pensamiento occidental.
Las Leyes de Indias: un intento por considerar a los indígenas como personas con derechos.
Authors: Grenni Héctor
Published: January 2023

En este trabajo, el autor presenta un panorama de la legislación de América colonial española, poniendo en relieve los aspectos humanitarios en lo tocante a los indígenas. La legislación indiana viene presentada aquí, como un valioso antecedente de los derechos humanos.
Analisis Hukum Ekonomi Syariah tentang Implementasi Akad Qardh
Authors: Martini Titi , Siregar Resi Atna Sari , Pasaribu Nurmayani
Published: January 2023

The people of Tangga Bosi II have a habit of lending money, accompanied by the condition that the lender controls the rice fields. On the one hand, this is considered something reasonable, but on the other hand, this needs further investigation in a review of sharia economic law. In this regard, this study aims to describe the conditions of the Qardh contract that have been implemented in the village of Tanga Bosi II and to analyze these conditions in a review of sharia economic law analysis. The research method used is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The primary sources in this study are qardh actors in the village of Tangga Bosi II and related people. In contrast, the secondary data sources are obtained from books related to the author's thesis. The results of the study revealed that the qardh contract carried out by the Tanggga Bosi II village community was still based on oral, and it was customary based on agreement and trust intending to help each other or help each other, by way of the lender providing guarantees for his debt in the form of rice fields. A review of sharia economic law on the problems mentioned above includes injustice to the borrower because it is unfair to the borrower; other than that, he owes the rice fields for his livelihood to be controlled by the lender.
Long term excessive zinc supplementation in diet induced alteration in serum lipids, hormones and minerals profile in wistar rats and has carry over effect in their F1 generation rats
Authors: Das Tanushree , Ghatani Sudeep , Singh Kshetrimayum Birla
Published: January 2023

The use of the zinc in various areas such as animal husbandry, agricultural techniques and multivitamin supplements has increased in recent decades and will increase over time. In this study, the impact of Zn overload for long period in the body, and their carry-over effect on the next generation is determined. Three groups of rats were fed on basal diets having 20 mg Zn in one kg diet (group-1), control group, 50 mg Zn in one kg diet (Group-2) and 80 mg Zn in one kg diet (Group-3) for 180 days. The F1- generation rats obtained from each group of parent rats were fed only on rat pellet diet. The investigation revealed that body weight rise with increased concentration of Zn in parent and F1-generation rats. The blood lipid profile in serum showed an increase in triglycerides, cholesterol, very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol whereas lowered level of high-density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels was recorded in both generation of rats. A significant increase in serum Insulin, HbA1c, and C-reactive protein level was recorded in group-2 and 3 rats while no significant changes in the FI- generation of rats. In F1- rats, Zn showed increase in its level while decreased level of Mn and Cu in the kidney and liver of group-F1-2 and F1-3 was observed in comparison to their control counterparts. The results of the study suggest long term treatment of diet rich in Zn induced alteration in serum lipids, hormones and profile of minerals and has carry over effect to their F1- generations.
EFEKTIVITAS PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP PENINGAKATAN PENGETAHUAN KADER DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL DI WILAYAH KERJA PKM GANDUSARI
Authors: Sari Levi Tina , Norma Renityas Nevy
Published: January 2023

Saat ini kesehatan ibu dan anak menjadi salah satu prioritas tujuan dari program MDG’s (Millenium Development Goals) yang merupakan pembangunan di era millenium yang dideklarasikan oleh negara-negara berkembang dan negara-negara maju salah satunya Negara Indonesia. Anemi menjadi salah satu penyakit bagi ibu hamil yang berdampak kesulitan bernapas, pingsan, kelelahan, jantung berdebar, kesulitan tidur, infeksi, preeklamsia, dan perdarahan serta masalah pasca persalinan seperti gangguan kognitif dan masalah perilaku. Untuk menurunkan tingkat anemia pada ibu hamil, maka diberikan pendidikan kesehatan kepada kader posyandu sebagai garda terdepan di masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian adalah Mengetahui pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan kader dalam upaya pencegahan anemia pada ibu hamil di wilayah kerja PKM Gandusari. Desain penelitian ini adalah Quasi eksperimental design. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan one group pre-posttest design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 50 kader posyandu di wilayah kerja PKM Gandusari. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 50 kader posyandu. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis uji Wilcoxon signed rank test. hasil perhitungan Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test p= 0.003  dimana  (>0,05), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan terhadap pengetahuan kader tentang pencegahan anemia pada ibu hamil. Hasil ini sesuai dengan konsep tujuan pendidikan kesehatan yaitu dapat untuk menanamkan pengetahuan atau pengertian, pendapat, dan konsep-konsep mengenai anemia pada ibu hamil.
Assessment of Soap and Cosmetic Effluents quality in Metallic Trace Elements from Yopougon Industrial Area, Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Authors: J.M Ehouman , Y Zougranaa , O Lamoussa , A.Y Ghislain , N Ziao
Published: January 2023

In this study, the concentrations (mg / L) of trace metal elements (TME) in an effluent from an industrial soap and cosmetic unit (SCI11) were evaluated. Four (4) composite samples and a witness sample (1) were collected. Nine (9) physicochemical parameters (T, pH, EH, SS, Al, Cr, Fe, Pb, and Zn) were analyzed according to AFNOR standards.The results showed that these effluents are characterized by high mean concentrations of suspended solids (266.75 ± 147.20 mg / L and Cr (0.678 ± 0.068 mg / L) which are far beyond the reference values of the Service Inspection of Classified Installations (SIIC). On the other hand, the mean concentrations of TME Fe, Al, Zn, respectively at 0.585 ± 0.03 mg / L, 0.618 ± 0.030 mg / L, and 0.244 ± 0.015 mg / L are in agreement with the SIIC reference values. The study also found that the effluent is behaving like a reducer with a mean EH redox potential of (-13 ± 1.87 mV). Mean values of pH (6.67 ± 0.60) and temperature T (29.58 ± 0.82 ° C) are in the order of the values recommended by the SIIC. Overall, the PCA analysis has shown that this effluent is a source of TME pollution and physical SS pollution.
ANÁLISE DA MORTALIDADE INFANTIL DE UMA REGIÃO DE SAÚDE DO CEARÁ
Authors: Sousa de Brito Antônia Fernanda , De Andrade Nhamuave Edson
Published: January 2023

O objetivo do estudo foi descrever e analisar as características sociodemográficas e as doenças dos capítulos do CID-10 que causaram os óbitos infantis, calcular a taxa de mortalidade infantil e sua tendência temporal e do capítulo em que ocorreu o maior número desses óbitos na 7ª Região de Saúde do Estado do Ceará, no período de 2009 a 2019. Foi realizado estudo descritivo, ecológico, de série temporal. Os dados revelaram a predominância do sexo masculino com 60,51% dos óbitos; 62,56% da raça/cor parda; 55,38% de baixo peso; 64% dos óbitos aconteceram em idade neonatal precoce e 60% foram óbitos por doenças pertencentes ao Capítulo XVI do CID-10. A taxa média de mortalidade infantil dos anos estudados se mostrou inferior à do Ceará, 11,70 e 13,02 por mil habitantes, respectivamente. Muitos desses óbitos poderiam ser evitados nessa região a partir da consolidação e do fortalecimento das linhas de cuidado materno-infantil.
KELUARGA YANG BERPUSAT PADA INJIL EKSPOSISI SURAT EFESUS 6:1-4
Authors: Akin Gian Gideon
Published: January 2023

Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pemahaman mengenai eksposisi surat Efesus 6:1-4 sertapenerapannya dalam peran dan tanggung jawab orang tua dan anak sebagai keluarga Kristen. Didalam artikel ini, penulis mendeskripsikan cara hidup orang percaya, khususnya dalam ruanglingkup keluarga bagaimana relasi antara orang tua dengan anak di dalam Kristus. Metode yangdigunakan dalam penulisan artikel ini adalah menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif denganpendekatan studi kepustakaan dan hermeneutik. Data-data yang digunakan bersumber dari artikelKristen, buku tafsiran Alkitab, dan sumber-sumber lainnya. Penelitian ini menghasilkan penafsirandari surat Efesus 6:1-4 serta aplikasi yang dapat diterapkan dalam ruang lingkup keluarga Kristen.
Effect of Supplementation of Cryoprotectant Solution With Hydroxypropyl Cellulose for Vitrification of Bovine Oocytes
Authors: Park Min Jee , Lee Seung Eun , Yoon Jae Wook , Park Hyo Jin , Kim So Hee , Oh Seung-Hwan , Lee Do Geon , Pyeon Da Bin , Kim Eun-Young , Park Se-Pill
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Successful cryopreservation of bovine oocytes is very important for research and commercial applications. However, the survival and development rate of vitrified-thawed (VT) oocytes are lower than those of non-vitrified-thawed (non-VT) oocytes. OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the effect of adding hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC) to the vitrification solution for bovine oocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For vitrification, bovine metaphase II oocytes were pretreated with a solution containing 10% ethylene glycol supplemented with 0, 10, 50, or 100
μg/mL HPC for 5 min, exposed to a solution containing 30% ethylene glycol supplemented with 0, 10, 50, or 100 μg/mL HPC for 30 s, and then directly plunged into liquid nitrogen. RESULTS: The survival rate of oocytes was significantly higher in the 50 HPC group than in the 0,
10, and 100 HPC groups. The reactive oxygen species level was lower in the non-VT and 50 HPC groups than in the other groups. The mRNA levels of proapoptotic genes (Bax) were lower in the non-VT, 0, and 50 HPC groups than in the other groups. The mRNA levels of antiapoptotic genes (BCl2) were
higher in the non-VT than in the other groups. The development rates of embryos (day 8) obtained via parthenogenetic activation (PA) were determined in the non-VT, 0 HPC, and 50 HPC groups. The cleavage rate was significantly higher in the non-VT group. CONCLUSION: Supplementation
of vitrification solution with HPC improves the survival of VT bovine oocytes and the development capacity of embryos derived from these oocytes via PA.
Butylated Hydroxytoluene (BHT) Improves the Post-Thaw Semen Quality in Low-Dose Sperm Cryopreservation in Murrah Buffalo Bull
Authors: Nain Dipti , Mohanty Tushar Kumar , Dewry Raju Kr. , Bhakat Mukesh , Nath Sapna , Gupta Vinod Kumar , Parray Mohsin Ahmad
Published: January 2023

BACKGROUND: Cryopreservation is an important technique for the long-term storage of semen for artificial insemination (AI). Buffalo spermatozoa are sensitive to cryopreservation procedures because of the presence of a high amount of polyunsaturated fatty acids in the plasma membrane.
OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of different concentrations of BHT on the quality of Murrah buffalo bull semen for low-dose cryopreservation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Semen was collected from four high fertile Murrah buffalo bulls (6 ejaculates each) using an artificial vagina.
A total of 24 ejaculates were collected from each bull twice a week using an artificial vagina. Every sample was split into four parts: Control without additives; and three treatments with BHT at 0.5 mM, 1 mM or 2 mM. Semen was cryopreserved at low-dose sperm cryopreservation of 20, 15, 10
and 5 million sperm per aliquot after supplementation of BHT. Semen samples were evaluated for fresh, pre-freeze and post-thaw stages. RESULTS:There was a significant increase (p<0.05) in sperm quality parameters, such as progressive motility (%), viability (%), HOST response (%),
acrosome integrity (%) and post-thaw motility, with the addition of 0.5-1 mM BHT. CONCLUSION: The addition of BHT in Murrah buffalo semen improves the low dose cryopreservation quality in a dose-dependent manner.
Six-weeks of seeding in Southwest Alberta
Authors: Bishop James T.
Published: January 2023

Massive seeding from 36 ground-based generators, at rates averaging 18 grams per hour, apparently caused precipitation increases of about 50% over 3.2 million acres in extreme southwestern Alberta during six weeks in midsummer 1977. At the same time, only four hail damage claims were filed during the operation, compared to 72 before and after.
Electrical and Microphysical Responses to Salt Seeding in Warm Maritime Cumulus Clouds
Authors: Murty A. S. Ramachandra , Se]vam A. Mary , Bandyopadhya B. K. , Revathi N. , Pillai A. G. , Murty Bh. V. Ramana
Published: January 2023

Electrical, microphysical and dynamical responses to salt seeding have been investigated during cloud seeding experiments in several parts of India.  Following massive salt seeding, increases in cloud temperature by I to 2 Celsius and cloud liquid water content up to 200 percent were observed in warm cumulus clouds (Ramahandra Murty eta., 1975, 1976). Cloud drop size distributions in seeded warm cumulus clouds increased in mean volume diameter up to 478 percent and computed liquid water content increased upward of 60 percent (Kapoor et al., 1976). In maritime warm cumulus clouds, which developed rain following seeding, the electric field reversed from initial negative to positive, occasionally preceded by intensification (Ramachandra Murty et al., 1976). This field reversal was attributed to the transport of large positive charges, from upper cloud levels to the base, by raindrops which form initially at higher levels in vigorous updraft regions. The prior intensification was attributed to updraft invigoration produced by massive salt seeding, since electrical activity is closely associated with convective activity (Latham and Stow, 1969).
Computation of a "Storm Of Seeding Factor" Hail Suppression by Ground Seeding
Authors: Admirat Pierre , Buscaglione Aldo
Published: January 2023

Cloud seeding experiments using ground generators were carried during three years (1977-1979) in the Italian province of Vicenza. These experiments used A~I generator~,which produced a~ exceptionally high output of nuclei active at -lOVC (2.3 x 10^14) nuclei/hour km ). These were mobile and were operated neath storm trajectory for the duration of the storm. Measurementsof ice nuclei concentrations in the updraftsowhich entered the storm base shows that up to 200 nuclei per litre of air at -10 C were present. The proposed Storm Seeding Factor (SSF), the ratio of artificial to natural nuclei at cloud base, is computed 100 to 500, which is the highest potential for giving positive effects for hail modification.
Cloud-seeding Effect on Water Stress of Maize in Zimbabwe
Authors: McNaughton D. L. , Allison J. C. S.
Published: January 2023

Results of experimental cloud-seeding in Zimbabwe indicate that silver iodide treatment enhances rainfall if cloud-tops are colder than -IO°C. Still higher increases result if tops are colder than -13°C. By comparing distribution functions fitted to seeded and to non-seeded clouds, tentative relationships were built up between natural and seeded rainfalls.      A cloud-seeding season in north-east Zimbabwe was stimulated by a model in which i 000 showers were distributed at random within a rectangular area, enabling total extra rainfall to be computed at every km grid-point. Less than half the area received any additional rainfall. A soil-water balance rountine was then used to relate the apparently increased rainfall to changes in maize yield.     In approximately half of all rainy seasons in northern Zimbabwe natural rainfall appears to be adequate so that cloud-seeding is of negligible benefit to maize. In poor or modest rainy seasons most places probably receive less than i0 mm from a cloud-seeding operation, but this can eliminate one, occasionally two, post-flowering stress-days during maize growth. However, planting dates can hardly ever be brought forward as a result of artificial rain stimulation. Results suggest that cloud-seeding operations more than pay for themselves.
Will Space Shuttle Launch Clouds be an Important Source of Ice Nuclei?
Authors: Hindman Edward E. , Finnegan William G.
Published: January 2023

Laboratory and field measurements demonstrate that combustion aerosol from solid rocket motor propellants contain ice nuclei. The measurements indicate an activity at -20°C of about 10^10 nuclei per gram of propellant. When this activity is applied to the 10^9 grams of propellant burned each space shuttle launch and the planned frequent launches are considered, shuttle launch clouds should be an important source of ice nuclei.
Limitations to Dynamic Seeding of North Dakota Summer Clouds
Authors: Stith Jeffrey
Published: January 2023

During the summer of 1981 cumulus clouds in North Dakota were unlikely candidates for dynamic seeding. Ice particle concentrations were well below 100/l in feeder type clouds associated with seeded convective storms. Comparisons of aircraft measurements and the output from a one dimensional steady state cloud model were also made.
Supercooled Liquid Water In Winter Storms: A Preliminary Climatology from Remote Sensing Observations
Authors: Sassen Kenneth
Published: January 2023

Drawing from a remote sensing data base obtained from winter storm research programs in Colorado and Utah, the occurrence of supercooled liquid water over mountain barriers is examined. Combined polarization lidar and dual-channel microwave radiometer data reveal that liquid water was nearly always presenting the storms studied. Moreover, the highest frequency of occurrence and liquid water amounts were most often associated with relatively warm cloud base temperatures and Ku-band radar reflectivity factors between 0 and -10 dBZ at the liquid cloud base position. A preliminary climatology of super cooled liquid water in southern Utah reveals a bimodal distribution of liquid cloud base heights, representing of convective clouds (-3.0 km MSL) and generally prefrontal stratiform clouds (~4.5 km MSL). Although the liquid water associated with the efficient natural generation of precipitation may not always be detected by any single probe, the conditions which could be expected to yield a favorable seeding response can be identified through joint remote sensing observations.
Evaluation of Glaciogenic Cloud Seeding using Trace Chemistry
Authors: Fisher James Mitchell , Lytle Marion L. , Kunkel Melvin L. , Blestrud Derek , Holbrook Vincent P. , Parkinson Shaun K. , Edwards P. Ross , Benner Shawn G.
Published: January 2023

Glaciogenic cloud seeding with silver iodide (AgI) has been used to enhance precipitation for over 60 years. Assessments of AgI impact and dispersion are often quantified using atmospheric processes models with impact assessed by comparing models with and without inclusion of cloud seeding modules.  However, there is inherent uncertainty in these aerosol models and physical validation of AgI distribution is of value to both validate and improve model performance. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the capacity to physically validate the dispersion of AgI by measuring silver enrichments in snow.Field and laboratory methods were developed to detect trace seeding signatures in snowpack. Unique laboratory layout and protocols were developed to reduce contamination potential within a traditional ICP-MS laboratory setting (not housed in a Class 100 Clean Room). Using these methods, we sampled a series of snow profiles within the target area of active cloud seeding in the central mountains of Idaho. Our results demonstrate the ability the ability to reproduce distinct evidence of elevated Ag at concentrations at a hillslope (0.25 km2) and at the basin (2,400 km2) scale. The construction of 8 snow pits at one site (hillslope scale) and 6 sites along a 65 km transect (basin scale) reliably identified both of the seeded storm layers sampled. The location of the peaks in Ag concentration within the snow profiles generally corresponds in timing to known cloud seeding events. Distinct seeded storm layers were reliably identified seeding signatures more than 60 km from the AgI sources, where silver concentrations were only enhanced 1-3 parts per trillion. Ag enriched snow in these chemical profiles generally correspond to downwind target locations and AgI seeding times.
The UAE Seeks Leading Position in Global Rain Enhancement Research
Authors: Mazroui Alya Al , Farrah Sufian
Published: January 2023

Rain enhancement offers an unrealised potential for arid and semi-arid countries and beyond, to ensure sustainable water supplies for countries suffering from shortages. Cloud seeding operations have been conducted in the UAE since the 1990s and continue today with 6 Beechcraft King Air C90 aircrafts.The UAE Research Program for Rain Enhancement Science is an initiative of the UAE Ministry of Presidential Affairs, overseen by the National Center of Meteorology and Seismology (NCMS), that offers a grant of US$ 5 million over a three-year period, to be shared by up to five winning research proposals, selected by a two-stage merit review decision process.The aim is to enhance and further develop capacity in the field both locally and globally by developing research and operational capacities while spurring global research collaborations in the region. Due to the success of the Program, ground-breaking work is already being carried out on precipitation enhancement through the use of nanotechnology, land cover modification, innovative algorithms, ice production processes, aerosols optimization and observation of the electrical aspects of rain generation.
Feasibility/Design Study for a Cloud Seeding Program in the Yadkin River Basin, North Carolina
Authors: Griffith Don , Yorty David , Simmons Walter Neal
Published: January 2023

North American Weather Consultants (NAWC) was contracted by Cube Hydro Partners, LLC with headquarters in Bethesda, Maryland, to conduct a cloud seeding feasibility/design study for the Yadkin River Basin located in North Carolina. This study was prepared in conformance with American Society of Civil Engineer’s Guidelines and Standards. The goal of the program would be to augment precipitation over the Yadkin River Basin to increase streamflow into a series of Cube Hydro reservoirs along the Yadkin River. This increased streamflow would then be used to generate additional hydropower (clean energy) from facilities installed on project dams. NAWC compiled a site-specific climatology for this Basin. Both ground-based and airborne seeding was considered, but only airborne seeding was recommended due to the lack of significant topographic features in the Basin and the rather high average height of the -5° C level in potentially “seedable” storms (630 mb), as well as other meteorological factors. Regression equations relating precipitation to streamflow suggest that seeding only during the cool season produces streamflow increases not only during the cool season, but would also have a residual effect that increases streamflow throughout the remainder of the year. Overall, cool-season seeding is likely to have about 1.4 times as much impact on total streamflow as warm-season seeding (assuming the same increase percentage-wise in precipitation), with the cool season increase more evenly distributed throughout the year in terms of the resultant streamflow. Therefore, only a cool season program was recommended. Detailed examination of a 3-year cool season storm climatology in the Yadkin Basin suggest that aircraft-based cloud seeding during the cool season could enhance precipitation by 4.1%, resulting in an estimated 5.2% increase in annual streamflow (109,200 acre-feet). Cost estimates were prepared for a seasonal program. Once the estimated costs were established, NAWC was able to develop benefit/cost ratio estimates. Using information provided by Cube Hydro, NAWC calculated a potential benefit/cost ratio of 5/1. NAWC concluded that the proposed program was feasible based upon both technical and economic considerations as recommended in the “Guidelines for Cloud Seeding to Augment Precipitation”, Third Edition by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE,2016).
Yanara, nuevo género de Oecophoridae (Lepidoptera) asociado a Araucaria araucana (Araucariaceae) del Sur de Chile
Authors: Beéche C. Marcos A.
Published: January 2023

Basándose en caracteres de la morfología externa y de la genitalia del macho y de la hembra se describe a Yanara nov. gen. de Oecophoridae de Chile. Este género incluye una especie, Yanara kasungen nov. sp., asociada a hojas jóvenes de pehuén (Araucaria araucana (Molina) K. Koch). Con este descubrimiento aumenta a 63 el número de especies nativas de esta familia en Chile.
Lista de las especies de Spilopyrinae y Eumolpinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) de Chile
Authors: Elgueta Mario , Daccordi Mauro , Zoia Stefano
Published: January 2023

Se entrega una lista de géneros y especies de Spilopyrinae y Eumolpinae conocidas para Chile, incluyendo su distribución geográfica, asociación a plantas o ambientes y presencia temporal de adultos. Se detallan taxones descritos o citados para Chile y cuya presencia en este país se considera improbable.