bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La fórmula de rechazo¡Vete a … !en español peninsular. Una propuesta de análisis desde la Metalengua Semántica Natural (NSM)
Authors: Aznárez-Mauleón Mónica
Published: February 2020

En este trabajo se analizan 19 fórmulas rutinarias del español peninsular que comparten un mismo esquema sintáctico (Vete a+sintagma nominal oVete a+sintagma verbal) y que se describen en los diccionarios como expresiones “de rechazo” hacia el interlocutor. Con base en las clasificaciones existentes, estas expresiones podrían considerarse fórmulas “subjetivas”, “afectivas” o “expresivas actitudinales”, ya que sirven para mostrar la actitud y las emociones del hablante. Sin embargo, conceptos complejos como “expresión afectiva”, “actitudinal” o “de rechazo” no resultan muy esclarecedores a la hora de explicar el significado de este tipo de expresiones a hablantes de otras lenguas o de otras variedades del español. Por otro lado, dado que el español peninsular cuenta con al menos 19 expresiones de este tipo, es razonable pensar que entre ellas puedan existir algunas diferencias de significado. El presente estudio pretende dar respuesta a estas dos cuestiones mediante la aplicación de la Metalengua Semántica Natural (NSM) al análisis semántico-pragmático de estas unidades. Este trabajo ofrece un primer acercamiento a este tipo de expresiones mediante la elaboración de explicaciones semántico-pragmáticas para los diferentes grupos de fórmulas que, con base en los ejemplos encontrados, se han establecido en el estudio.
Identification of tuliposide G, a novel glucoside ester-type tuliposide, and its distribution in tulip
Authors: Nomura Taiji , Kato Yasuo
Published: February 2020

Tuliposides (Pos) are major defensive secondary metabolites in tulip (genus Tulipa), having 4-hydroxy-2-methylenebutanoyl and/or (3S)-3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylenebutanoyl groups at the C-1 and/or C-6 positions of d-glucose. The acyl group at the C-6 position is converted to antimicrobial lactones, tulipalins, by tuliposide-converting enzymes (TCEs). In the course of a survey of tulip tissue extracts to identify novel Pos, we found a minute high-performance liquid chromatography peak that disappeared following the action of a TCE, and whose retention time differed from those of known Pos. Spectroscopic analyses of the purified compound, as well as its enzymatic degradation products, revealed its structure as 5″-O-(6-O-(4′-hydroxy-2′-methylenebutanoyl))-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(2″R)-2″-hydroxymethyl-4″-butyrolactone, which is a novel glucoside ester-type Pos. We gave this compound the trivial name ‘tuliposide G’ (PosG). PosG accumulated in bulbs, at markedly lower levels than 6-PosA (the major Pos in bulbs), but was not found in any other tissues. Quantification of PosG in bulbs of 52 types of tulip, including 30 cultivars (Tulipa gesneriana) and 22 wild Tulipa spp., resulted in the detection of PosG in 28 cultivars, while PosG was present only in three wild species belonging to the subgenus Tulipa, the same subgenus to which tulip cultivars belong, suggesting the potential usefulness of PosG as a chemotaxonomic marker in tulip.
Facile Synthesis of Novel Carboxymethyl-Chitosan/Sodium Alginate Grafted with Amino-Carbamate Moiety/Bentonite Clay Composite for Effective Biosorption of Ni (II) from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Shehzad Hamza , Ahmed Ejaz , Din Muhammad Imran , Farooqi Zahoor H. , Arshad Muhammad , Sharif Ahsan , Zhou Limin , Yun Wang , Umer Rumaisa
Published: February 2020

In the present study, a novel biosorbent clay composite, based on carboxymethyl-chitosan/sodium alginate grafted with amino-carbamate moiety/bentonite clay (CA-CMC/Bt) was prepared. The produced sorbent was conditioned in the form of hydrogel beads by ionotropic gelation with Ca(II) ions, and thoroughly characterized using FTIR, XRF, XRD, SEM and zeta potential measurements. FTIR and SEM confirmed the successful grafting and intercalation of clay mineral into modified biopolymer. Hydrogel beads were observed to be very integrated and stable under a wide pH working range (from 2.0 to 12.0). CA-CMC/Bt was employed for adsorptive remediation of Ni(II) from aqueous media. Sorption process was found as a function of various parameters such as sorbent dosage, contact time, pH and initial concentration. Kinetic data could be well explained by pseudo second order rate equation (PSORE), suggesting that complexation or valence forces are playing significant role in the uptake of Ni(II) ions. Isothermal sorption data was analysed using different sorption models such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Sips. Data was well fitted with Langmuir and Sips model, maximum monolayer sorption capacity (qm) was calculated (by non-linear fitting of data) as 159 mg/g at 298 K and pH 5.5. Separation factor (RL) was found as 0 < RL < 1 which indicated favourable sorption. Thermodynamic parameters i.e. ΔGo, ΔHo and ΔSo were quantified and patterned the sorption process as exothermic, spontaneous with increase in system entropy. CA-CMC/Bt was found cost-effective, efficient and reusable material in Ni(II) competitive recovery.
Polyarteritis nodosa in a patient on hemodialysis; a case report
Authors: Alirezaei Amirhesam , Kazeminezhad Behrang , Sabet Babak , Ahmadzadeh Arman , Danialy Rouzbeh
Published: February 2020

We represent a 40-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) of unknown etiology referred to the emergency department with episodes of chills and fever during hemodialysis. Further assessments revealed vasculitic skin rashes, as well as abdominal tenderness and later on, bloody diarrhea. Abdominal pain worsened during the course of admission, and as a result, the patient underwent cholecystectomy and appendectomy. Necrotizing vasculitis was diagnosed based on biopsy specimens taken from gall bladder and skin rashes. The diagnosis of poly arteritis nodosa (PAN) was established based on pathologic report and rheumatologic tests. Methylprednisolone pulses were administrated for 3 days followed by oral prednisolone and cyclophosphamide. After treatment, the signs and symptoms subsided. The present case report highlights the importance of timely diagnosis of PAN to prevent potentially irreversible consequences.
The protective effects of Ocimum basilicum extract against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in male rats; an anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and antiapoptotic action
Authors: Askari Hassan , Zeinali Fatemeh , Haghi-Aminjan Hamed , Hafizi Seyed Mehdi , Alirezaei Amirhesam
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Some studies are in favor of protective and anti-inflammatory effects of Ocimum basilicum (OB) against renal failure. Objectives: The aim of this study was to explore the protective effects of OB extract against gentamicin (GM)-induced nephrotoxicity in male rat models of acute kidney injury. Materials and Methods: Twenty-seven adult male Wistar rats with the weight of 200-250 g were prepared under standard condition (12 h light/dark cycle, 20 to 22°C temperature). In the gentamicin group (GM), the rats were administrated normal saline (5 mL/kg; oral) for four consecutive weeks and then GM (80 mg/kg/d; intraperitoneal) for another one week. In the third (OB-200+ GM) and fourth (OB-800+ GM) groups, the rats were initially treated with OB extract (200 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg respectively; oral) for four consecutive weeks followed by intraperitoneal administration of 80 mg/kg/d GM for another one week. The control group was treated with normal saline (5 mL/kg; oral) for five consecutive weeks. They were sacrificed under deep anesthesia, then plasma and tissue samples were obtained. Results: Treatment with OB hydro-alcoholic extract decreased BUN, serum Cr, FeNa and the levels of TNF-a and NF-kB and also diminished the rate of apoptosis in renal tubular cells compared to gentamicin group. Conclusion: Our findings provide comprehensive evidence supporting the beneficial role of OB, a traditional medicinal herb, as a potential therapeutic supplement to prevent the incidence and progression of renal impairment in GM-induced renal toxicity.
Factors associated with delayed diagnosis of breast cancer; a study in North-West of Iran
Authors: Fouladi Nasrin , Barahman Maedeh , Amani Firouz , Bahadoram Mohammad , Eghbali Sevda
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Delayed diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer leads to the presentation of the disease in advanced stages necessitating more invasive surgical interventions, increasing health care costs and mortality rate, and finally reduced patients’ survival. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the factors associated with delayed diagnosis of breast cancer in the north-west of Iran. Patients and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 70 breast cancer patients referred to the cancer registry of Ardabil city, north-west of Iran. The time from the presentation of clinical symptoms to the initiation of treatment was determined by interviews to identify the system and patients’ delays. The data was analyzed in SPSS 19 with the level of significance as P<0.05. Results: The mean age of the patients was 43.3 ± 13.2 years. The means of total, patient, and system related delays were 9.4±1.6 weeks, 6.3 ± 9.9 weeks, and 3.1 ± 2.8 weeks respectively. Regression analysis showed that age, marital status, educational level, monthly income, fear of cancer, and residency were significantly associated with patients’ delay. Conclusion: Our results highlighted the important role of patients’ related factors in delayed diagnosis of breast cancer. Therefore, it is essential to educate individuals for timely referrals to physicians.
Hypoglycemic effects of aqueous extract of Salvia mirzayanii Rech. F& Esfand in diabetic patients; a randomized controlled trial study
Authors: Moein Soheila , Saberi Paknoosh , Moein Mahmoodreza , Mehdizadeh Rahman , Zarshenas Mohammadmehdi
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Medicinal plants are used in diabetes treatment. Salvia mirzayanii Rech. F& Esfand was used for diabetes treatment in Iranian traditional medicine. Objectives: The main objective of this study is to investigate the antidiabetic effects of aqueous extract of S. mirzayanii in diabetic patients. Patients and Methods: In the present randomized controlled trial study, the patients were divided into trial (n=27) and control (n=25) groups. The trial group received daily one capsule containing 450 mg of aqueous extract of Salvia mirzayanii; the control group received daily one capsule containing 450 mg of caramelized flour and 5% aqueous extract of S. mirzayanii. Fasting blood samples were collected at the beginning of the study and after 3 months, fasting blood sugar (FBS), HbA1 C, insulin, HOMAIR index, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and lipid profile were evaluated. Results: Types of used drugs, gender, age, and body mass index (BMI) were not significantly different between trial and control groups before treatment. Additionally, after treatment, BMI did not significantly change between these two mentioned groups. The results showed that FBS and HbA1 C levels did not change significantly in the trial group after treatment; however, in this group, insulin secretion was increased significantly (P=0.015). Nevertheless; after treatment, HOMA-IR index did not significantly change between the two mentioned groups. In the trial group, after treatment, liver enzymes (ALT and AST) levels did not change significantly. After the treatment, LDL-C was changed in the trial group. Conclusion: The herbal drug used in the present study enhanced insulin secretion, and improved LDL-C level in diabetic patients.
Impact of body mass index on success, complications and failure of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
Authors: Ali Beigi Faramarz Mohammad , Keivani Hafshejani Zahra , Aghahoseini Mohammadreza , Shirani Majid
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is known as the most common method in treating urinary stones (70%) and is a selective method to treat small urinary stones (<2-2.5 cm). General opinion is that the success rate of ESWL in obese patients is low and risk of complications is high. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) and the stone-to-skin distance on success, complications and failure of ESWL. Patients and Methods: In this study, 222 patients who referred to lithotripsy clinic of Kashani hospital of Shahrekord to break stones with diameters of 5 to 20 mm participated in the study. Their urinary stones were in kidneys, lower calyces, upper calyces, pelvis or proximal ureter and were divided into two equal groups of BMI >25 kg/m2 and BMI <25 kg/m2 . Assessing the position and diameter of the stones was based on radiographic findings such as sonography and CT scan. Regarding success, failure and complications of lithotripsy, two groups were compared. Results: Around 105 and 117 patients out of 222 subjects, were respectively assigned in BMI>25 kg/ m2 and BMI <25 kg/m2 groups. The failure and success of both groups were statistically significant (P=0.023). In terms of treatment outcomes, difference between two groups was high in low skinto-stone distance (SSD). Logistic regression showed that both BMI and SSD are effective factors in treating the stone while SSD was more effective (P=0.004) than BMI (P=0.023) since SSD>7.5 cm predicts treatment failure. Conclusion: BMI and SSD are effective factors on the outcome of ESWL. Higher BMI and SSD> 7.5 cm are effective factors on treatment failure.
The importance of genetic study in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome
Authors: Zununi Vahed Sepideh , Moghaddas Sani Hakimeh , Rajabzadeh Sima , Nariman-Saleh-Fam Ziba , Hejazian Mina , Zununi Vahed Fatemeh , Hosseiniyan Khatibi Seyed Mahdi , Mohajel Shoja Mohammadali , Ardalan Mohammadreza
Published: February 2020

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) is a challenging clinical task. It has heterogeneous etiology and extremely variable clinical outcomes and generally progresses to end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Different gene mutations in podocyte’s slit diaphragm, mitochondria, and cytoskeleton proteins, as well as glomerular basement membrane (GBM) have been associated with SRNS. These proteins regulate the function of the glomerular filtration barrier. Advances in genetic approaches and podocytology have led to discover the SRNS-causing genes that lead to a better understanding of the drug resistance. More than 45 genetic mutations have been recognized in the hereditary form of SRNS. This review offers an update on the current knowledge of steroid resistance-causing gene mutations in podocytes. Understanding the specific genes involved in SRNS would guarantee an optimum therapeutic benefit of steroid treatment.
Predicting renal outcomes in immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis; from ISKDC classification to Oxford MEST-C classification
Authors: Akhavan Sepahi Mohsen , Mubarak Muhammed
Published: February 2020

Immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis (IgAVN) or Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis (HSPN) is the most common type of secondary IgA nephropathy (IgAN), particularly in children. Overall, its prognosis is good, but in a significant number of cases, it does lead to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Various classifications exist to predict the long-term outcome of kidney disease in these diseases, but none is universally accepted. We searched PubMed, Web of Science Embase, EBSCO, Scopus and directory of open access journals (DOAJ) with keywords of Henoch-Schönlein purpura nephritis, immunoglobulin A vasculitis nephritis, immunoglobulin A nephropathy, IgA vasculitis, extracapillary proliferation, IgA nephropathy, leukocytoclastic vasculitis, endstage renal disease, Oxford classification, crescent and childhood IgA vasculitis. IgAVN in children presents most often with crescents and endocapillary proliferation, with relapsing and remitting course clinically. Due to morphological resemblance of IgAVN and IgAN, the Oxford MEST-C scores could be applied for determining the long-term outcomes in the former disease. A critical concern in applying Oxford classification for IgAVN is that limited number of children with IgAVN exists in any one center and also a relatively short period of follow-up. Hence, further work in this regard is necessary. Preliminary evidence suggests that Oxford MEST-C classification is valid in predicting long-term kidney outcomes in children with IgAVN and the classification can also be used in adults. However, further, large scale, multicenter, international collaborative studies are needed to address the unmet issues.
Diabetes mellitus as a public health problem; a mini-review on the occasion of world diabetes day 2018 with regard to nephrology
Authors: Khazaei Zaher , Sohrabivafa Malihe , Marvi Abolfazl
Published: February 2020

Type II diabetes is predominantly preventable and managing diabetes by using standard protocols and measures such as promoting healthy living, self-care education in patients, regular screening, with the aim of early diagnosis of disease and its treatment is necessary. These modalities can potentially prevent complications and premature death due to diabetes. Therefore, according to increasing prevalence of diabetes in Iran, along with the growth of aging and lifestyle changes towards urbanization and inactivity, it is necessary to plan for the prevention, care and screening of diabetes in rural areas, especially in the cities, which still have a large proportion of unknown patients.
Prevalence and characteristics of diabetic kidney disease in type 2 diabetic patients in Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire
Authors: Sanogo Sindou , Konan Serge Didier , Yao Kouamé Hubert , Kouassi Emma , Diopoh Séry Patrick , Aka Jean , Niava Randolphe , Ankotche Amos
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a disease whose prevalence has been steadily increasing worldwide. Objectives: To evaluate the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease and to identify the associated factors in type 2 diabetic patients. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study. The study was conducted over a period from January to June 2016, among patients with type 2 diabetes, followed up at the Division of Diabetology of the University Hospital of Treichville, Abidjan. Results: Of 154 included patients, diabetic nephropathy (DN) was observed in 40 cases (25.9% prevalence). We observed a female predominance (sex ratio; 0.17) and the mean age of 57.7 ± 11 years. Based on the K/DOQI guidelines, half of our patients had stage 3 kidney disease. Complications such as diabetic retinopathy (100%), hypertension (HT) (75%), dyslipidemia (45%) and obesity (30%) were found. Factors such as female sex (P = 0.001; OR [95% CI] = 4.76 [1.85-12.19]), a range 55-65 years old (P = 0.010; OR [95% CI] = 2.64 [1.26-5.53]), obesity (P = 0.012; OR [95% CI] = 3.06 [1.27-7.36]), hypertension (P = 0.0001; OR [95% CI] = 4.77 [2.12-10.71]) and HbA1c <7% (P = 0.002; OR [94% CI] = 3.42 [1.57-7.44]) were associated with nephropathy by multivariate analysis. Conclusion: the prevalence of diabetic kidney disease is high in our study. The associated factors are non-modifiable such as female gender and age, but also modifiable such as obesity and hypertension.
Investigation of the association of G-7A and T-138C single nucleotide polymorphisms on the promoter of MGP gene with renal stone
Authors: Keramatipour Mohammad , Ahadi Babak , Taghizadeh Mohsen , Tabibi Ali , Zohrabi Farshad , Javanmard Babak , Narouie Behzad
Published: February 2020

Introduction: Renal stones, due to their heavy costs of diagnosis and treatment, have a considerable financial burden on health system. Family history and genetic susceptibility are important factors in stone formation. Matrix Gla-protein (MGP) is a gene that has a known role in inhibition of arterial calcification. It is thought that MGP may be involved in pathogenesis of calcium nephrolithiasis as an ectopic calcification. Objectives: This study aims to demonstrate association of G-7A and T-138C single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of this gene with kidney calcium stone in Iranian population. Patients and Methods: Seventy-nine patients with renal stone who underwent PCNL or open surgery were enrolled. Blood samples from each patient and his/her parents were taken and DNA extraction was done using salting out and phenol-chloroform extraction protocols. Genotypes for the MGP T-138C and G-7A polymorphism were determined by PCR-sequencing methods. Statistical analysis and transmission disequilibrium test were done by SPSS software. Results: Total of 235 DNAs were extracted. The most frequent nucleotide is G (67%) in G-7A SNP and T (69%) in T-138C SNP. The CA haplotype was not seen in observed population and other haplotypes had same frequencies. No over transmission of alleles in two SNPs and no association of MGP Polymorphisms and nephrolithiasis were observed. Conclusion: This study is the first family based investigation in Iranian population, which shows, no specific pattern of transmission and no effect of inherited SNPs on stone formation.
Simulating the Thermal Impact of Typical Roof Penetrations
Authors: Carter Jerry , Asava Ryan , Medley Matthew
Published: February 2020

As energy code requirements for the thermal performance of buildings increase over time, the requirements of roofing systems are becoming more stringent. One of the requirements focuses on the minimum amount of insulation within a roofing system when it is installed in a continuous manner, entirely above the deck. However, the energy code does not clearly address the reduction of the roof system's thermal performance due to penetrations that create thermal bridges through the system. These penetrations can come in the form of fasteners used in a mechanically attached roof system or from much larger penetrations used to support rooftop equipment and accessories. It is common for roofs to contain several different types and combinations of penetrations such as roof drains, vent pipes, mechanical ducts, duct supports, mechanical equipment, roof screens, parapet bracing, ships ladders, and photovoltaic panels. Two- and three-dimensional thermal modeling will be utilized to study and quantify the impact of the thermal bridging of typical penetrations through a roof system. Results from previous studies related to the thermal impact of mechanically fastened roofs will be reviewed to gain additional insight related to this issue. A low-slope roof with a single-ply roof cover and industry standard roof details will be utilized as the basis for this evaluation. This paper will compare a variety of penetrations to a roof without any penetrations to evaluate the impact on the overall thermal performance of a roofing system. In addition, various thicknesses of insulation will be evaluated in this study.
Waterproofing Applications for Floodproofing and Resiliency
Authors: Doelp Gregory R. , Kivela Joshua B. , Gilbertson Matthew R.
Published: February 2020

Coastal, riverine, and local surface flooding can damage buildings and disrupt communities. Sea levels are rising, and climate change will likely accelerate this process, leading to increased flood risks in coastal areas. Storms that cause flooding problems are occurring with increasing severity and frequency, making both coastal and inland flooding more common. Many building owners are implementing floodproofing measures to help protect their structures from the increasing risks of flooding. This presentation will focus on applying waterproofing concepts and experience to make floodproofing more reliable and effective. This presentation will also discuss methods for evaluating the risk of surface water and flooding to individual sites and buildings. Understanding flood risk is important for facility owners because the cost of flood hazard mitigation for infrastructure can be substantial. We will also discuss the basic approaches for wet and dry floodproofing as well as Federal Emergency Management Agency Special Flood Hazard Areas (FEMA SFHAs) and building code requirements for SFHA zones. We will also discuss the forecasts for sea level rise and strategies for addressing sea level rise in building design and construction. We will describe how to identify the most vulnerable areas of buildings and how to protect them. We will present flood mitigation measures, such as floodwalls, temporary flood barriers, and flood shields, and how to use waterproofing to integrate these protections into new and existing buildings. Finally, we will review example projects and discuss the effectiveness of different floodproofing techniques.
A Scientific Approach to Understanding Walkability and Grip to Deck of Roof Underlayment
Authors: Coulter William , Johnston John
Published: February 2020

Safety is a top priority and daily concern for roofing contractors. The purpose of this study was to provide an understanding of the physical properties that affect the safety characteristics of roofing underlayments. This was done in a three-step process by defining levels of safety performance with respect to grip and traction, identifying the mechanical properties of underlayments that enhance performance, and developing and confirming the scientific explanation for the efficacy of these mechanisms. In residential roofing, there are several grades of roofing felt and dozens of brands of synthetic roofing underlayments, each offering some type of safety feature in the areas of traction and grip, also known as “walkability.” The challenge has been the lack of a measurement system that accurately translates the physical properties of underlayments into walkability. In order to meet this challenge, this study started with the concept of walkability by having roofing contractors rate and rank various types of underlayment materials in terms of walkability. This evaluation included the grip of the underlayment to the deck and the grip of the contractor's footing to the underlayment. Because roofing installers work under different environmental conditions, the scope of the walkability evaluation process included conditions where the test deck and materials were wet or dry, as well as under warm and cold conditions. In the rating and ranking of these products by roofing contractors, it was found that the performance of some products increased at lower temperatures, while the performance of other products was diminished at lower temperatures. It was also found that some underlayment materials maintained a good level of walkability under wet and dry conditions, while other materials did not. Thus, the measurement systems developed to characterize these products considered all conditions, as well as correlated them to the input provided by the contractors.
Open-Source Joystick Manipulandum for Decision-Making, Reaching, and Motor Control Studies in Mice
Authors: Belsey Parley P. , Nicholas Mark A. , Yttri Eric A.
Published: February 2020

To make full use of optogenetic and molecular techniques in the study of motor control, rich behavioral paradigms for rodents must rise to the same level of sophistication and applicability. We describe the layout, construction, use and analysis of data from joystick-based reaching in a head-fixed mouse. The step-by-step guide is designed for both experienced rodent motor labs and new groups looking to enter into this research space. Using this platform, mice learn to consistently perform large, easily-quantified reaches, including during a two-armed bandit probabilistic learning task. The metrics of performance (reach trajectory, amplitude, speed, duration, and inter-reach interval) can be used to quantify behavior or administer stimulation in closed loop with behavior. We provide a highly customizable, low cost and reproducible open-source behavior training platform for studying motor control, decision-making, and reaching reaction time. The development of this software and hardware platform enables behavioral work to complement recent advances in rodents, while remaining accessible to smaller institutions and labs, thus providing a high-throughput method to study unexplored features of action selection, motivation, and value-based decisions.
Normal Reference Intervals for Cardiac Dimensions and Function for Use in Echocardiographic Practice: A Guideline from the British Society of Echocardiography
Authors: Harkness Allan , Ring Liam , Augustine Daniel X. , Oxborough David , Robinson Shaun , Sharma Vishal
Published: February 2020

This guideline presents reference limits for use in echocardiographic practice, updating previous guidance from the British Society of Echocardiography. The rationale for change is discussed, in addition to how the reference intervals were defined and the current limitations to their use. The importance of interpretation of echocardiographic parameters within the clinical context is explored, as is grading of abnormality. Each of the following echo parameters are discussed and updated in turn: left ventricular linear dimensions and LV mass; left ventricular volumes; left ventricular ejection fraction; left atrial size; right heart parameters; aortic dimensions; and tissue Doppler imaging. There are several important conceptual changes to the assessment of the heart’s structure and function within this guideline. New terminology for left ventricular function and left atrial size are introduced. The British Society of Echocardiography has advocated a new approach to the assessment of the aortic root, the right heart, and clarified the optimal methodology for assessment of LA size. The British Society of Echocardiography has emphasized a preference to use, where feasible, indexed measures over absolute values for any chamber size.
Dapagliflozin attenuates renal gluconeogenic enzyme expression in obese rats
Authors: Swe Myat Theingi , Thongnak Laongdao , Jaikumkao Krit , Pongchaidecha Anchalee , Chatsudthipong Varanuj , Lungkaphin Anusorn
Published: February 2020

The kidneys release glucose into the systemic circulation through glucose reabsorption and renal gluconeogenesis. Currently, the significance of renal glucose release in pathological conditions has become a subject of interest. We examined the effect of sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on renal gluconeogenic enzyme expression in obese rats. Male Wistar rats (180–200 g) were fed either a normal diet (ND, n = 6) or a high-fat diet. At 16 weeks, after confirming the degree of glucose intolerance, high-fat diet-fed rats were randomly subdivided into three groups (n = 6/group): untreated group (HF), treated with dapagliflozin 1 mg/kg/day (HFSG) and treated with metformin 30 mg/kg/day (HFM). The treatment was continued for 4 weeks. We observed that dapagliflozin or metformin mitigated the enhanced expression of renal gluconeogenic enzymes, PEPCK, G6Pase and FBPase, as well as improved glucose tolerance and renal function in obese rats. Dapagliflozin downregulated the elevated expression of gluconeogenic transcription factors p-GSK3β, p-CREB and coactivator PGC1α in the renal cortical tissue. Metformin reduced the expression levels of renal cortical FOXO1 and CREB. Furthermore, reduced renal insulin signaling was improved and renal oxidative stress was attenuated by either dapagliflozin or metformin treatment in obese rats. We concluded that glucose tolerance was improved by dapagliflozin in obese prediabetic rats by suppressing renal glucose release from not only glucose reabsorption but also renal gluconeogenesis through improving renal cortical insulin signaling and oxidative stress. The efficacy of dapagliflozin in improving renal insulin signaling, oxidative stress and renal function was greater than that of metformin.
Wettbewerb 4.0 – Was die Digitalisierung für Wettbewerb und Kartellrecht bedeutet
Authors: Haucap Justus
Published: February 2020

Während digitale Plattformen den Wettbewerb auf vielen Märkte intensiviert haben, besteht aufgrund des kippligen "Winner-takes-all"-Charakters dieser Märkte und der teils hohen Marktkonzentration auch ein erhöhtes Risiko einer Marktabschottung durch große Plattformen. Daher spricht einiges für neue wettbewerbspolitische Instrumente. Insbesondere Strategien, die Multi-Homing künstlich verhindern, sollten von Wettbewerbsbehörden noch vor der Entstehung einer Marktbeherrschung untersucht werden. Darüber hinaus sollte der Zugang zu Daten für Dritte grundsätzlich einfacher sein als bisher. In der Fusionskontrolle gibt es gute Gründe für eine Intensivierung mit Blick auf sogenannte "Killerakquisitionen". Allerdings muss eine Balance gefunden werden, um Innovations- und Gründungsanreize zu erhalten. Die aktuelle GWB-Novelle nimmt viele dieser Erkenntnisse aus der wettbewerbsökonomischen Forschung auf.
SWOT-Analyse für Industrie 4.0
Authors: Steven Marion , Dümpelmann Ina
Published: February 2020

Unter Industrie 4.0 versteht man die Umsetzung der vierten industriellen Revolution in Produktionsunternehmen. Das Konzept ist ein bedeutender Teil einer Strategie, mit der der Wirtschaftsstandort Deutschland nachhaltig gesichert werden soll. Allerdings ist der Umsetzungsstand in deutschen Unternehmen bislang gering. Das Ziel des vorliegenden Beitrags besteht darin, im Rahmen einer SWOT-Analyse aufzuzeigen, welche Stärken, Schwächen, Chancen und Risiken deutsche Unternehmen bzw. die deutsche Wirtschaft in Bezug auf Industrie 4.0 aufweisen und wie daraus erfolgversprechende Strategien entwickelt werden können.
ICO und STO
Authors: Nippel Peter , Plewa Paul
Published: February 2020

ICOs erfreuen sich in jüngster Vergangenheit großer Beliebtheit auf dem „Krypto-Kapitalmarkt“. Sie eröffnen neuartige Kapitalbeschaffungs- und Anlagemöglichkeiten. In diesem Beitrag wird kurz auf die Funktionsweise und die Varianten eines ICOs eingegangen sowie das Marktvolumen betrachtet. Anschließend werden ICOs mit Blick auf die grundlegenden Finanzierungsfunktionen beurteilt.
Maternal Drinking and Child Emotional and Behavior Problems
Authors: Lund Ingunn Olea , Moen Eilertsen Espen , Gjerde Line C. , Ask Torvik Fartein , Røysamb Espen , Reichborn-Kjennerud Ted , Ystrom Eivind
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:

Maternal drinking is associated with child emotional and behavior problems. There is, however, a lack of studies that properly account for confounding. Our objective was to estimate the association between at-risk drinking in mothers of young children and child emotional and behavior problems, taking into account the passive transmission of familial risk.

METHODS:

This population-based sample consists of 34 039 children nested within 21 911 nuclear families and 18 158 extended families from the Norwegian Mother, Father, and Child Cohort Study. Participants were recruited between 1999 and 2009 during routine ultrasound examinations. Data were collected during the 17th and 30th gestational week and when the children were 1.5, 3, and 5 years old. We applied a multilevel structural equation model that accounted for unobserved familial risks.

RESULTS:

Children of mothers with at-risk drinking had a higher likelihood of behavior problems (β = 3.53; 95% confidence interval [CI] 3.01 to 4.05) than children of mothers with low alcohol consumption. This association was reduced after adjusting for factors in the extended family (β = 1.93; 95% CI 1.16 to 2.71) and the nuclear family (β = 1.20; 95% CI 0.39 to 2.01). Maternal at-risk drinking had a smaller association with child emotional problems (β = 1.80; 95% CI 1.26 to 2.34). This association was reduced after adjusting for factors in the extended family (β = 0.67; 95% CI −0.12 to 1.46) and the nuclear family (β = 0.58; 95% CI −0.31 to 1.48).

CONCLUSIONS:

The results suggest an association between maternal at-risk drinking and child behavior problems. A reduction in maternal drinking may improve outcomes for children with such symptoms.
Physical Activity Assessment and Counseling in Pediatric Clinical Settings
Authors: Lobelo Felipe , Muth Natalie D. , Hanson Sara , Nemeth Blaise A. ,   COUNCIL ON SPORTS MEDICINE AND FITNESS,   SECTION ON OBESITY, LaBella Cynthia R. , Brooks M. Alison , Canty Greg , Diamond Alex B. , Hennrikus William , Logan Kelsey , Moffatt Kody , Pengel K. Brooke , Peterson Andrew R. , Stricker Paul R. , Bolling Christopher F. , Armstrong Sarah , Haemer Matthew Allen , Rausch John , Rogers Victoria , Walsh Stephanie Moore
Published: February 2020

Physical activity plays an important role in children’s cardiovascular health, musculoskeletal health, mental and behavioral health, and physical, social, and cognitive development. Despite the importance in children’s lives, pediatricians are unfamiliar with assessment and guidance regarding physical activity in children. With the release of the 2018 Physical Activity Guidelines by the US Department of Health and Human Services, pediatricians play a critical role in encouraging physical activity in children through assessing physical activity and physical literacy; providing guidance toward meeting recommendations by children and their families; advocating for opportunities for physical activity for all children in schools, communities, and hospitals; setting an example and remaining physically active personally; advocating for the use of assessment tools and insurance coverage of physical activity and physical literacy screening; and incorporating physical activity assessment and prescription in medical school curricula.
Mechanizmy baniek spekulacyjnych – spojrzenie psychologiczne i ekonomiczne
Authors: Mazur Katarzyna
Published: February 2020

nie dostarczono
W poszukiwaniu źródeł motywu ucznia czarnoksiężnika: między Lukianem a Waltem Disneyem
Authors: Kalitan Damian
Published: February 2020

nie dostarczono
Starzenie się w kulturze młodości. Wybrane strategie obrazowania późnej dorosłości w reklamie
Authors: Zakowicz Ilona
Published: February 2020

nie dostarczono
Zdrada stanu. Działalność Komunistycznej Partii Zachodniej Białorusi w Wilnie w latach 1930 – 1935
Authors: Łukasiewicz Sergiusz
Published: February 2020

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest próba wyjaśnienia działalności Komunistycznej Partii Za-chodniej Białorusi w Wilnie podczas pierwszej połowy lat trzydziestych dwudziestego wieku. Celem autora jest ukazanie organizacji, teorii i praktyki funkcjonowania nielegalnej organizacji komunistycznej na podstawie kwerendy archiwalnej odbytej od lutego do czerwca 2011 w Li-tewskim Centralnym Państwowym Archiwum w Wilnie. Ponadto zamierzeniem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie działalności policji miasta Wilna wobec sympatyków i działaczy ugrupowań komunistycznych operujących na terenie tego miasta. Utworzona w 1923 r. w Wilnie Komunistyczna Partia Zachodniej Białorusi była ugrupowa- niem ﬁ lialnym KPP. Działalność KPZB miała szczególny wymiar w Wilnie. Jako największe mia-sto regionu, była stolica Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego, oraz dom dla wielu narodów, wyznań i kultur, Wilno było najważniejszym polem dla działania KPZB. Z uwagi na liczbę mieszkańców, uprzemysłowiony charakter oraz wielonarodowość komuniści mieli możliwości rozwinięcia szerokiej pracy wywrotowej i konspiracyjnej. Ponadto, miasto było wielkim centrum produkcji i kolportażu wydawnictw komunistycznych, co umożliwiało szerzenie propagandy zarówno w jego granicach administracyjnych, jak i na prowincji. Działalność komunistów wileńskich nie pozostawała bez reakcji. Energicznie ją zwalczała Policja Państwowa w Wilnie. Działania organów śledczych nacechowane były niezwykłą de-terminacją mającą na celu wyeliminowanie lub przynajmniej ograniczenie komunistycznego zagrożenia w Wilnie.
SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION OF COPPER COMPLEXES OF CHLOROPHYLLINS (E141ii)
Authors: Rakić Violeta , Miljković Milena , Miljković Vojkan , Stančić Nemanja
Published: February 2020

In this study, the water-soluble green food colorant copper complexes of chlorophyllins, E141ii, as one of the most popular within the food industry was investigated. First, the spectroscopic parameters, absorbance maximum, λmax-vis, and molar absorptivities, ε, of E141ii dye were determined. The impact of the presence of aspartame, citric acid and vitamin C on the change in the positions of the absorbance maximum and change of its intensity in the visible range of the E141ii spectra also was investigated. Recorded absorption spectra was show that this dye had two absorbance maxima. The average molar absorptivities were calculated. These values of molar absorptivities were later used to quantify the unknown dye concentration in the analyzed food samples. It was found that the use of additives (vitamin C, citric acid and aspartame) does not cause a change in the positions of the absorbance maximum and change of its intensity in the visible range of the E141ii spectra. Therefore, it can be concluded that it is possible to quantify the E141ii by UV-Vis spectrophotometric method in the presence of these additives. Based on determined spectroscopic parameters, the dye concentration was calculated in green rubber candy colored with E141ii.
WEED FLORA IN ALFAFLA CROPS
Authors: Živić Jelica , Vojinović Milić , Stančić Ivica , Knežević Desimir
Published: February 2020

Alfalfa is a perennial crop that is grown several years on the same surface and because of this there are specificities in the composition and structure of the weed community. This leads to difficulties in suppresses and reduction of pests, diseases and weeds at the yield of alfalfa. The basic harmful effect of weeds is reflected through the competitiveness of water, nutrients and light. Weeds generally have low nutritional value, unpleasant smell and taste, and also affect the quality of alfalfa seeds. The most common types of economy effective perennial weed are Cirsium arvense (L), Sorghum halapense (L.), Convolvulus arvensis (L.) and Cuscuta genus. All agro-technical measures, which enable good soil, quality sowing, as well as plant protection later, are the basic measures for the protection of alfalfa from long-lasting weed species. This paper is based on analysis of weeds flora in alfalfa crops in the Nis district. The presence of the fifteen most important types of weed plants was found in all nine analyzed areas of alfalfa crops. Among the weeds, most common are Agropyrum repens(L.), Amaranthus retroflexus(L.), Chenopodium hybridum(L.), Cuscuta sp.(L.), Sorghum halapense(L.).
EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT IRRIGATION TECHNOLOGIES ON IRRIGATION SCHEDULING AND PRODUCTION OF ONION
Authors: Petrova - Branicheva Vesela
Published: February 2020

Fields studies were conducted in 2014-2015 on the territory of the experimental field Chelopechene to IPAZR "N. Poushkarov" on leached cinnamon forest soil. They were examined variants with different irrigation technologies in an optimal and reduced irrigation regime of onion: V1 - mikrosprinkler irrigation equipment - 100% irrigation rate; V2 - subsurface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate, V3 - subsurface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V4 - surface drip irrigation - 100% irrigation rate; V5 - surface drip irrigation - 50% irrigation rate; V6 - non-irrigated option. Reduction the irrigation rates by 50% at surface and subsurface irrigated results in a reduction in yield by 23 and 7%, and can be used when have water deficit.
TensorLog: A Probabilistic Database Implemented Using Deep-Learning Infrastructure
Authors: Cohen William , Yang Fan , Rivard Mazaitis Kathryn
Published: February 2020

We present an implementation of a probabilistic first-order logic called TensorLog, in which classes of logical queries are compiled into differentiable functions in a neural-network infrastructure such as Tensorflow or Theano. This leads to a close integration of probabilistic logical reasoning with deep-learning infrastructure: in particular, it enables high-performance deep learning frameworks to be used for tuning the parameters of a probabilistic logic. The integration with these frameworks enables use of GPU-based parallel processors for inference and learning, making TensorLog the first highly parallellizable probabilistic logic. Experimental results show that TensorLog scales to problems involving hundreds of thousands of knowledge-base triples and tens of thousands of examples.
Designing an Effective Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Egypt: A Qualitative Study of Perceptions of Egyptian Primary Care Physicians and Specialists
Authors: Brand Bateman Lori , Khamess Somaia , Abdelmoneim Salah-Eldin , Arafat Waleed , Fouad Mona N. , Khamis Yomna , Omar Abbas , Abdelmoneim Randa Salah , Scarinci Isabel
Published: February 2020

Background

In Egypt more than one-third of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases occur in individuals aged 40 years and younger, and are diagnosed at advanced stages; currently, CRC screening is not done as a routine part of preventive care. To lay the foundation for the development of a CRC multilevel screening program in Egypt, this qualitative study aimed to explore the perspectives of Egyptian physicians.

Materials and Methods

The PRECEDE-PROCEED model, which focuses on predisposing (intrapersonal), reinforcing (interpersonal), and enabling (structural) factors inherent in health behaviors, served as our theoretical framework. Primary health care physicians, oncologists, and gastroenterologists practicing in Alexandria, Egypt, participated in 1 one-hour semistructured interview. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, translated into English, and analyzed by thematic analysis.

Results

Seventeen physicians participated (n = 8 specialists and n = 9 primary care physicians). Barriers to CRC screening included socioeconomic status, a lack of emphasis on prevention, fear, and cost (predisposing); a belief that only high risk patients should be screened and a lack of confidence in providers to perform and interpret screening tests appropriately (reinforcing); and cost, lack of availability of the tests, and inadequate training for laboratory technicians and providers (enabling). Potential facilitators included implementing a media campaign emphasizing early detection, curability and prevention (predisposing); educating physicians and eliciting physician engagement (reinforcing); and decreasing costs, making screening tests widely available, and providing well-trained providers (enabling).

Conclusion

A CRC screening program is needed in Egypt, and to be successful it would likely need to address barriers at multiple levels.
Taking the Traghetto to the Ghetto; or, Performing Jewish Culture in Venice
Authors: Valentino Russell Scott
Published: February 2020

Like empathy, ghetto seems to be a word that has been with us for so long that it's difficult to imagine a time without it. It's a false impression on both accounts, yet another instance of present associations impinging upon, or better overwhelming, past - what shall I say - absence, ignorance, meaninglessness. The word empathy simply did not exist in English before 1903, while ghetto did not have the associations it would later acquire. Initially, a toponym (I repeat, with its own meaning, initially unrelated to the Jews), but subsequently attached to the Jews in the minds of Europeans of the late sixteenth century such that, very quickly, by the time of the formation of the Ghetto of Rome, or better yet for our purposes, of the "Newest Ghetto" in Venice (the shiny one I noted above), to which new arrivals were consigned after the Old Ghetto too had become over crowded, the combination was no longer arbitrary or figurative: a ghetto had become an enclosed space inside an urban territory for Jews.

But English seems to have been oddly negligent of this term and this association for much of its history. The Oxford English Dictionary cites a scant three definitions, with not quite a page and a half of examples, none from Shakespeare, or Milton, or Byron, or Tennyson, or Browning, or Melville, or Austen, or Dickens, or Dickenson. This is worth pondering. In all its exhaustive thoroughness, the OED lists only four examples of English usage between 1611 and 1887, none from an author I've ever heard of. My suspicion, which others are welcome to refute, is that usage in French, German, and other west European languages paralleled English in this, and that one would be hard pressed to find the word used by contemporaries in any language other than Italian (and now I've grown quite curious about its frequency in Italian). The linguist Max Weinreich noted that the term was not used to designate the local Jewish living quarters anywhere in Central and Eastern Europe before at least the nineteenth century.