bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Distribution pattern of large old Ginkgo biloba in China under climate change scenarios
Authors: Xie Chunping , Liu Chang , Wang Houhe , Liu Dawei , Jim Chi Yung
Published: May 2024

Large old Ginkgo biloba trees (LOGTs), with profound ecological and cultural significance in China, face increasing threats from climate change and human activities. We employed the BIOCLIM and DOMAIN species distribution models to predict their spatial patterns under the present climate and doubled‐CO2 climate change scenario in 2100. We collected 604 validated LOGT occurrence records and data on 19 bioclimate factors for the analysis. Our study yielded a LOGT geographic distribution pattern covering a wide latitudinal belt extending from south subtropical to temperate zones in central and eastern China, concentrating in low elevations and coastal regions. The principal component analysis identified the dominant bioclimatic factors shaping their distribution, namely annual precipitation and low winter temperatures. BIOCLIM and DOMAIN generated predicted suitable habitats that match the present distribution range well. However, under the future climate scenario, the models indicated habitat retentions mainly in the core distribution areas and habitat losses mainly in the southern edge of the present range and scattered pockets elsewhere. Some retained habitats, including excellent ones, will suffer from fragmentation. The predicted new habitats may permit some range expansion and migration but are beset by small patch size and large interpatch distance, bringing fragmentation and gene flow restrictions. The anticipated projected range decline highlights considerable threats climate change poses to the long‐term survival of the precious natural‐cum‐cultural resource. Understanding the distribution patterns and underlying drivers and distillation of practical conservation measures can foster sustainable management vis‐a‐vis the looming global change.
Evaluation of self‐regulation by the hunting community: A case study on the voluntary restraint of woodcock hunting in the UK
Authors: McNicol Cat M. , Ellis Matt B. , Madden Joah R.
Published: May 2024

Behaviour change through voluntary action can be an important approach to reducing human impacts on biodiversity. One example is self‐regulation in hunting, potentially a vital contributory factor in improving the sustainability of wild bird harvest. There has been a growing realisation among woodcock Scolopax rusticola hunters, reinforced by advice from sector organisations, that components of the UK woodcock populations are declining and that some aspects of woodcock hunting, specifically timing of harvest, may contribute to these. This study utilised five qualitative and quantitative data sets, collected for different purposes, to assess the behaviour and attitudes of woodcock hunters, both currently and over the past century. In the UK, relatively few woodcock are harvested and few hunters or species‐specific shoots target them. An estimated 26%–29% of lowland shoots advertise or harvest woodcock, with fewer than 5% of shoots or hunters participating in ‘woodcock specific’ shoot days. The number of birds harvested has fallen in recent years and is estimated to be between 62,000 and 140,000. Qualitative data suggests that over 90% of hunters now report shooting woodcock only after the recommended date of 1st December, or not at all. This is reflected in bag data which shows that, since 2018, fewer than 3%–13% of woodcock shot were harvested prior to 1st December. Around a third of hunters have reported stopping shooting woodcock and it is likely the harvest will decline in coming years due to voluntary restraint. This work demonstrates both through self‐report data and independent harvest data that behaviour change among hunters can be effected. This provides a working example where self‐regulation in response to a collective sector‐led effort has the potential to conserve wild quarry.
Spatiotemporal variation in the gut microbiomes of co‐occurring wild rodent species
Authors: Brown Bianca R. P. , Khasoha Leo M. , Lokeny Peter , Jakopak Rhiannon P. , Reed Courtney G. , Dyck Marissa , Wambua Alois , Newsome Seth D. , Palmer Todd M. , Pringle Robert M. , Goheen Jacob R. , Kartzinel Tyler R.
Published: May 2024

Mammalian gut microbiomes differ within and among hosts. Hosts that occupy a broad range of environments may exhibit greater spatiotemporal variation in their microbiome than those constrained as specialists to narrower subsets of resources or habitats. This can occur if widespread host encounter a variety of ecological conditions that act to diversify their gut microbiomes and/or if generalized host species tend to form large populations that promote sharing and maintenance of diverse microbes. We studied spatiotemporal variation in the gut microbiomes of three co‐occurring rodent species across an environmental gradient in a Kenyan savanna. We hypothesized: (1) the taxonomic, phylogenetic, and functional compositions of gut microbiomes as predicted using the Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) differ significantly among host species; (2) microbiome richness increases with population size for all host species; and (3) host species exhibit different levels of seasonal change in their gut microbiomes, reflecting different sensitivities to the environment. We evaluated changes in gut microbiome composition according to host species identity, site, and host population size using three years of capture–mark–recapture data and 351 microbiome samples. Host species differed significantly in microbiome composition, though the two species with more specialized diets and higher demographic sensitivities showed only slightly greater microbiome variability than those of a widespread dietary generalist. Total microbiome richness increased significantly with host population size for all species, but only one of the more specialized species also exhibited greater individual‐level microbiome richness in large populations. Across co‐occurring rodent species with diverse diets and life histories, large host population sizes were associated both with greater population‐level microbiome richness (sampling effects) and turnover in the relative abundance of bacterial taxa (environmental effects), but there was no consistent pattern for individual‐level richness (individual specialization). Together, our results show that maintenance of large host populations contributes to the maintenance of gut microbiome diversity in wild mammals.
Transcatheter aortic valve replacement for aortic regurgitation: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liu Ran , Fu Zhaolin , Jiang Zhengming , Yan Yunfeng , Yao Jing , Liu Xinmin , Yan Xiaowei , Song Guangyuan
Published: May 2024

The efficacy and safety of new‐generation devices (NGDs) for severe aortic regurgitation (AR) have mostly been based on single‐arm studies with limited sample sizes. Our goal was to summarize the current evidence on NGDs and compare the safety and efficacy of ‘off‐label’ and ‘on‐label’ devices in NGDs. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Scopus for articles on transcatheter aortic valve replacement in patients with AR. A total of 31 studies that included 1851 patients were identified through April 2023. Among these, 1067 (57.6%) patients received treatment with ‘on‐label’ devices (JenaValve and J‐Valve). For NGDs, the total device success rate at 30 days was 94.5% (on‐label: 97.8%, off‐label: 89.9%; P < 0.001), the all‐cause mortality was 4.2% (on‐label: 2.6%, off‐label: 5.1%; P = 0.006), permanent pacemaker implantation (PPI) was 8.8% (on‐label: 6.9%, off‐label: 18.4%; P < 0.001), and the rate of greater‐than‐mild paravalvular leak (PVL) was 1.2% (on‐label: 0.9%, off‐label: 3.8%; P = 0.003). On‐label devices showed significantly better safety and efficacy in terms of the success rate, PPI, greater‐than‐mild PVL, and 30 day mortality than off‐label devices.
District Energy Management Systems: Key Data Points for System Integration and Related Challenges: Lessons Learned from Experts in Germany
Authors: Rehmann Felix , Cudok Falk , Schölzel Joel , Schreiber Thomas , Henn Sarah , Streblow Rita
Published: May 2024

District energy management systems (DEMS) offer the capability to harness the energy potential of districts. Currently, there is a lack of research describing the necessary underlying information systems. An overview of lessons learned is presented from a series of workshops with experts from industry, research, and further roles, predominately from Germany. Seven workshops discussing challenges within digitalization, data requirements, district energy system planning, common elements in district energy systems are conducted, ensuring long‐term operation and transferability, and validation of prior findings. Based on these discussions, insights into topics such as the key data and its requirements, typical distinctions in DEMS, their infrastructure, considerations in the information modeling, as well as challenges in data availability, are offered. These findings are mapped to a data value pipeline, illustrating key resources and tools needed to plan and operate DEMS. As demonstrated in this article, the requirements for DEMS highlight their complexity. Distinct categorizations, such as the ownership or heterogeneity in building and technologies, form the landscape of DEMS. The need for standardized, interoperable systems is often a contrast to the uniqueness of individual systems and their needs. Further adoption of the described concepts necessitates sustainable business models.
Time‐dependent analysis and stability evaluation of plane rotary landslides: Insights from a case study
Authors: Huang Junjie , Chen Guoqing , Zheng Hai Jun , Yang Xin , Wu Lei
Published: May 2024

Plane rotary landslides are characterized by their concealment and challenges in prevention, having caused considerable impacts in recent years. This study aims to elucidate the causative factors behind plane rotary landslides and develop a novel method for assessing their stability through a case. Our focal case, a landslide with weak interlayers, occurred on 1 April 2020, in an open‐pit limestone mine in Sichuan Province, China. The landslide demonstrated distinctive rotational behaviour deviating 45° from the expected direction, presenting a unique case of plane rotary deformation. Employing a multifaceted approach, including geological data analysis, UAV aerial photography, field investigations, laboratory experiments and displacement monitoring, we delved into the deformation and failure mechanisms. Furthermore, A three‐dimensional discrete element method was employed to examine the evolution of the landslide and its relationship with the stable rock mass barrier. The study unravelled the structural alterations of the slope due to mining activities and the degradation of physical and mechanical properties in weak interlayers, which were instrumental in triggering this geological event. The presence of the stable rock mass barrier causes the resultant forces acting on the sliding mass not to pass through its centre of gravity during deformation, thereby generating a moment that induces the rotation. The additional resistance also causes the landslide displacement to transition from being initially dominated by the leading edge to being driven by the trailing edge. This unique displacement pattern serves as a crucial reference for identifying plane rotary landslides.
Systems management strategies for increasing alfalfa use in warm‐humid regions
Authors: Tucker Jennifer J. , Mullenix Mary K. , Rios Esteban , Basigalup Daniel , Bouton J. H.
Published: May 2024

Alfalfa use (Medicago sativa L.; “lucerne”) in warm, humid regions of the world represents a potential area of expansion for the alfalfa industry. The objective of this review paper is to demonstrate how alfalfa forage breeding and systems research efforts have identified opportunities for increasing alfalfa contributions in these regions, along with potential pathways for seed industry and farming operations to increase adoption. Our review draws primarily on reports from the Southeast United States and Argentina. Significant technological advancements in plant screening and selection have identified alfalfa plant populations that are more adapted to the growing conditions experienced in these regions, which are often characterized by mild temperature, long growing seasons, and multiple other abiotic and biotic stressors. Management systems research conducted in the United States and Argentina has demonstrated the use of alfalfa for conserved forage, grazing, or dual‐purpose use in monoculture or mixtures with warm‐season grasses such as bermudagrass (Cynodon spp.). These trials report increased forage production, nutritive value, and ecosystem services of alfalfa–grass mixtures when compared with traditionally N‐fertilized warm‐season grass‐based systems. Grazing‐based alfalfa systems in Argentina have demonstrated methods for utilizing alfalfa as part of beef, dairy, and finishing systems. Some approaches for expanding alfalfa production in the region include targeted marketing efforts for adapted varieties and demonstrating alfalfa applications within existing farming frameworks. This includes educational programming efforts and on‐farm demonstrations to promote alfalfa use as a component of the livestock diets, integration into grass‐based systems, crop rotations, and wildlife use. Continued emphasis on a systems approach to alfalfa inclusion represents an opportunity for improved forage and livestock production in warm, humid regions of the world.
Localizing and quantifying groundwater‐surface water interactions at different scales: A tracer approach at the River Moselle, Germany
Authors: Engel Michael , Mischel Simon , Quanz Sabrina , Frei Sven , Radny Dirk , Voelpel Rike , Schmidt Axel
Published: May 2024

Groundwater‐surface water interactions (GSI) connect rivers and streams with riparian areas and the adjacent aquifer. Although these interactions exert a substantial control of quantity and quality of both groundwater and surface water, knowledge on GSI along rivers at the regional scale, particularly for inland waterways, is still limited. We investigated GSI along the river Moselle, an important federal inland waterway in Germany, by using radon and tritium to identify gaining (water flux from the aquifer to the surface water) and losing (water flux from the surface water to the aquifer) stream conditions, respectively. Gaining stream conditions were identified by continuously measuring radon along the river during boat surveys with a high spatial resolution (every 2 km) during intermediate (October 2020) and near low flow conditions (August/September 2021). The tritium concentrations in surface water and groundwater and the resulting tritium inventories were used to characterize losing stream conditions Monthly tritium inventories from 2017 to 2022 revealed a mean loss for the whole period of 20.3 % and a mean gain of 21.8%. Both were probably triggered by a combination of losing stream conditions and flood‐induced mass transfer of water from the aquifer back into the river as well as discharge fluctuations. At the investigated site Lehmen there were direct indications of an influence of surface water due to elevated tritium concentrations in the groundwater (up to 13.3 Bq L−1). Using radon mass balance modelling, good agreements of simulated versus measured radon data with respect to two groundwater end‐member scenarios were obtained during intermediate flow (Spearman's ρ: 0.97 and 0.99; MAE: 10.1 and 3.4 Bq L−1) and near low flow (Spearman's ρ: 0.97 and 0.99; MAE: 11 and 6.5 Bq L−1). Considerable groundwater inflow was limited to the meander of Detzem, where cumulated groundwater inflow of about 19 m3 s−1 (9.5% of total discharge) and 4.2 m3 s−1 (3.8% of total discharge) was simulated during intermediate and near low flow, respectively. However, the groundwater inflow was relatively low compared to alpine streams, for example. The study will help to better identify and quantify GSI at the regional scale and provide methodological guidance for future studies focusing on inland waterways.
Environmental monitoring of the Capo Frasca military training site (West Sardinia): Operability and environmental protection balanced plan
Authors: Guerra Maurizio , Marangio Luigi , Pizzi Andrea , Rizzetto Paolo
Published: May 2024

Military activities in training areas can contaminate soil and groundwater through different persistent pollutants. This article reports the design of the operating procedure to assess and monitor the environmental impact of training activities carried out at the Capo Frasca military firing range (PCF) on the west coast of Sardinia. The procedure includes two steps: (i) a baseline investigation of soil to detect the impact of previous training activities at PCF, and (ii) the development of a post-training monitoring plan. Results of the baseline investigations revealed that the activities conducted at PCF over many decades have not significantly affected the soil quality. Energetic compounds (ECs) were found below the limit of detection (LOD), and some low exceedances of the screening values (SVs) for Cd, Cu, and Ni were recorded in small areas that coincided with parts of two operational areas. A human health risk assessment (HHRA) identified no relevant issues. Results of baseline investigation allowed the planning of a light, noninvasive post-training monitoring plan based on two levels, L1 and L2, where L1 involves only manual sampling of topsoil (0–0.2 m). If L1 reveals contamination, a more in-depth and extensive L2 follow-up monitoring will be implemented. Results of post-training monitoring are not yet available. This environmental investigation protocol is intended to be a practical tool for regulatory provisions and is expected to be useful and effective for firing range management. This investigation also emphasized that, compared with the international state-of-the-art, environmental surveys in Italian military ranges require the improvement of ECs set to be analyzed, lowering EC LOD, and establishing ECs SVs. In Sardinia, many military areas, including PCF, are considered areas of significant natural interest. Therefore, it is deemed beneficial to move beyond HHRA and undertake the ecological risk assessment. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2024;20:2060–2075. © 2024 SETAC

Key Points

After years of operational activity at the Capo Frasca Range (CFR), baseline environmental investigations have identified a very limited impact on soil quality, attributable to few exceedances of the screening values (SVs) for Cd, Cu, and Ni; in addition, energetic compounds were not detected. Given the exceedance of the SVs, a site-specific health risk analysis was conducted, revealing that the concentrations of metals (Cd, Cu, and Ni) found in the soils were below the acceptable contamination levels (ACLs). Based on the subsequent results, post-training monitoring was planned. Compared with the international state-of-the-art, environmental monitoring in Italian military ranges exhibits obvious deficits.
Misspellings or “miscellings”—Non‐verifiable and unknown cell lines in cancer research publications
Authors: Oste Danielle J. , Pathmendra Pranujan , Richardson Reese A. K. , Johnson Gracen , Ao Yida , Arya Maya D. , Enochs Naomi R. , Hussein Muhammed , Kang Jinghan , Lee Aaron , Danon Jonathan J. , Cabanac Guillaume , Labbé Cyril , Davis Amanda Capes , Stoeger Thomas , Byrne Jennifer A.
Published: May 2024

Reproducible laboratory research relies on correctly identified reagents. We have previously described gene research papers with wrongly identified nucleotide sequence(s), including papers studying miR‐145. Manually verifying reagent identities in 36 recent miR‐145 papers found that 56% and 17% of papers described misidentified nucleotide sequences and cell lines, respectively. We also found 5 cell line identifiers in miR‐145 papers with misidentified nucleotide sequences and cell lines, and 18 cell line identifiers published elsewhere, that did not represent indexed human cell lines. These 23 identifiers were described as non‐verifiable (NV), as their identities were unclear. Studying 420 papers that mentioned 8 NV identifier(s) found 235 papers (56%) that referred to 7 identifiers (BGC‐803, BSG‐803, BSG‐823, GSE‐1, HGC‐7901, HGC‐803, and MGC‐823) as independent cell lines. We could not find any publications describing how these cell lines were established. Six cell lines were sourced from cell line repositories with externally accessible online catalogs, but these cell lines were not indexed as claimed. Some papers also stated that short tandem repeat (STR) profiles had been generated for three cell lines, yet no STR profiles could be identified. In summary, as NV cell lines represent new challenges to research integrity and reproducibility, further investigations are required to clarify their status and identities.
Gynecologic oncology robot‐assisted surgery in octogenarians: Impact of age on hospital stay
Authors: Levin Gabriel , Brezinov Yoav , Brodeur Melica Nourmoussavi , Salvador Shannon , Lau Susie , Gotlieb Walter
Published: May 2024

Objective

To compare postoperative stay in octogenarians and younger patients undergoing gynecologic oncology robot‐assisted surgery.

Methods

A retrospective review of robot‐assisted surgery in Gynecological Oncology division during 2019–2022. We included all consecutive cases. Octogenarians (age ≥80 years) and younger patients were investigated by univariable analysis for characteristics and outcome.

Results

A total of 816 robot‐assisted surgeries were performed, 426 (52.2%) endometrial cancer, 159 (19.5%) ovarian cancer, 27 (3.3%) cervical cancer, 35 (4.3%) endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia, and in 169 (20.7%) the final pathology was benign. There were 60 (7.4%) octogenarians and 756 (92.6%) younger patients. The proportion of patients with an American Society of Anesthesiology score greater than 2 was higher among octogenarians (66.7% vs 32.0%, P < 0.001). The median console time, surgical time, and total operation theater time were similar between groups (P = 0.303, P = 0.643 and P = 0.688, respectively). Conversion rate did not differ between groups (0.4% among younger patients vs 0% in octogenarians, P > 0.99). The median length of stay in the recovery room was similar in both groups (median 170 min, interquartile range [IQR] 125–225 min vs 170 min, IQR 128–240 min in octogenarians, P = 0.731). Length of hospital stay was similar in both age groups; median 1 day (IQR 1–1) among octogenarians versus 1 (0–1) in younger patients (P = 0.136).

Conclusion

Octogenarians undergoing robotic surgery have no increased risk of length of stay or conversion to laparotomy compared with younger patients.
Silver sulphide nanoparticles (Ag2SNPs) synthesized using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract for enhanced antibacterial and antioxidant properties
Authors: Renuka R. , Thilagavathi T. , Inmozhi C. , Uthrakumar R. , Gobi G. , Kaviyarasu K. , Al‐Sowayan Noorah Saleh , Mir Tanveer Ahmad , Alam Mir Waqas
Published: May 2024

In this study, silver sulfide nanoparticles (Ag2SNP's) were successfully produced by using fruit extracts of Phyllanthus emblica. UV–vis, FTIR, XRD with SEM and EDX techniques were used for the synthesis process and for characterization of the resulting nanostructures. According to the findings, the fabricated nanostructure had a monoclinic crystal structure, measuring 44 nm in grain size, and its strain was 1.82 × 10−3. As revealed by SEM analysis, the synthesized nanostructure consists of irregular spherical and triangular shapes. The presence of silver (Ag) and sulfur (S) was also confirmed through EDX spectra. Furthermore, Ag2S nanoparticles were tested for their ability to effectively inhibit gram‐positive and gram‐negative bacterial growth. As a result of this study, it was clearly demonstrated that Ag2S nanoparticles possess powerful antibacterial properties, particularly when it came to inhibiting Escherichia coli growth. Ag2S nanoparticles had high total H2O2 and flavonoid concentrations and the greatest overall antioxidant activity, according to the evaluation of antioxidant activity of the samples. The results obtained from the P. emblica fruit extract were followed by those obtained from Ag2S nanoparticles were reported in detail.

Research Highlights

Innovative Ag2SNP synthesis using Phyllanthus emblica fruit extract.

SEM with EDX revealed a monoclinic crystal structure with a grain size of 44 nm and a strain of 1.82 × 10−3.

Many of these applications are demonstrated by the potential of Ag2SNPs to treat and combat bacteria, particularly Escherichia coli.

A peak at 653 cm−1 indicates the presence of primary sulfide aliphatic C‐S extension vibrations.

The abundant H2O2 and NO2 found in P. emblica nanocomposites make them potent antioxidants.
Critical reappraisal of prognostic indicators for 949 mucinous appendiceal neoplasm patients
Authors: Sugarbaker Paul H. , Chang David
Published: May 2024

Background and Objectives

The standard of care for treatment of an appendiceal mucinous neoplasm with peritoneal dissemination is cytoreductive surgery (CRS) combined with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). These two treatments are combined in the operating room. A crucial requirement for benefit long‐term is proper patient selection. Clinical and histopathologic prognostic indicators are used, along with the patient's fitness for surgery, to select patients to receive CRS and HIPEC.

Methods

This study seeks to identify the reliable prognostic indicators for four different groups of patients. They are (1) the low‐grade appendiceal mucinous neoplasms (LAMN) with a complete CRS, (2) the mucinous appendiceal adenocarcinomas (MACA) with complete CRS, (3) MACA with lymph node metastases (MACA‐LN) with complete CRS, and (4) all histologic subtypes with incomplete cytoreduction. The prognostic indicators were evaluated for their impact on overall survival in these four groups of patients.

Results

The completeness of cytoreduction (CC) score statistically significantly showed survival differences in all three histologic subtypes. The peritoneal cancer index (PCI) showed significance with LAMN and MACA‐LN but not with MACA and not with incomplete CRS. The prior surgical score (PSS) was a prognostic indicator that predicted the outcome with LAMN, MACA‐LN, and incomplete CRS patients but not with the MACA group. Patients who were symptomatic or who had extensive systemic chemotherapy before CRS had a significantly reduced survival.

Conclusion

The utility of prognostic indicators varied greatly within our four different groups of appendiceal mucinous neoplasms. CC score was always a reliable prognosticator. Surprisingly, PCI was not.
Patient‐ and system‐level factors associated with racial/ethnic disparities in the delivery of guideline‐concordant therapy among US patients with gastric cancer
Authors: da Costa Wilson L. , Tan Mimi C. , Camp E. Ramsay , Thrift Aaron P.
Published: May 2024

Background

Disparities in gastric cancer (GC) outcomes show a higher disease burden among minorities. We aimed to evaluate the associations between sociodemographic and system‐level factors and guideline‐concordant treatment among GC patients.

Methods

Cohort study with GC patients in the National Cancer Data Base (2006–2018) treated with upfront resection or neoadjuvant therapy (NAT). We used logistic regression to identify associations between deviations from guideline‐concordant therapy and patient‐ and system‐level factors, and Cox regression models to assess risk of death.

Results

The cohort included 43 597 GC patients treated with endoscopic resection (8.9%), surgery only (47.1%), surgery and adjuvant therapy (20.6%), or NAT followed by surgery (23.5%). A total of 31 470 patients (72.2%) received guideline‐concordant therapy. Relative to Non‐Hispanic Whites (NHWs), Non‐Hispanic Blacks (NHBs) (odds ratio [OR] 1.19, [95% confidence intervals 1.10–1.28]) and Asian/Pacific Islanders (APIs) (OR 1.12 [1.03–1.23]) had an increased risk of deviations from treatment guidelines. Medicare/Medicaid increased the risk of deviations while treatment at high‐volume facilities decreased its risk for all races/ethnicities. Deviations from guidelines were associated with an increased risk of death (hazard ratio 1.56 [1.50–1.63].

Conclusions

Racial disparities in the delivery of guideline‐concordant therapy among GC patients are affected by several sociodemographic factors at the patient‐ and system‐level.
More than 3 mm of preoperative medial meniscal extrusion is identified as a key risk factor for varus progression in limb alignment after arthroscopic repair of medial meniscus posterior root tear
Authors: Yoon Kyoung Ho , Bae Bo Seung , Ahn Jun Hyeong , Hwang Sung Hyun
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To investigate the risk factors for varus progression after arthroscopic medial meniscal posterior root tear (MMPRT) repair and to compare the clinical outcomes between two groups: one with more varus progression and the other with less varus progression.

Methods

Patients who underwent isolated arthroscopic repair of MMPRT between 2015 and 2020 were enroled, and 2‐year follow‐up data were collected. Participants were categorized into two groups based on preoperative values of the weight‐bearing line (WBL) ratio: group A with <5.9% increase and group B with ≥5.9% increase. Various factors, including demographic features and radiological findings, were analysed and compared between the two groups. Intra‐meniscal signal intensity, meniscal healing, medial meniscal extrusion (MME), and articular cartilage grade were assessed preoperatively and 1‐year postoperatively using coronal magnetic resonance imaging.

Results

The final cohort consisted of 34 patients in group A and 46 in group B, with a mean age of 55.8 ± 11.2 and 59.8 ± 6.6 years, respectively. Preoperative WBL ratio and cartilage lesions in the medial compartment did not differ between the groups. Preoperative MME were significantly lower in group A than those in group B (2.6 ± 0.6 mm in group A and 3.5 ± 0.7 mm in group B, p < 0.05). Patient‐reported outcomes at the 2‐year follow‐up did not differ between the two groups (n. s.). In a logistic analysis, the odds ratio of MME was 2.1 (p < 0.05), and the cutoff value of MME was 3.02 mm.

Conclusion

Preoperative MME is a risk factor for varus progression. However, no differences in patient‐reported outcomes were observed at 2‐year follow‐up, even in the group with greater varus progression.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Surgical treatment for recurrent patellar dislocation with severe torsional deformities: Double‐level derotational osteotomy may not have a clear advantage over single‐level derotational osteotomy in improving clinical and radiological outcomes
Authors: Zhang Zhijun , Wang Daofeng , Di Menglinqian , Zheng Tong , Zhang Hui
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether double‐level (femur + tibia) derotational osteotomy is superior to single‐level femoral derotational osteotomy for recurrent patellar dislocation with severe femoral and tibial rotational deformities (femoral anteversion >30° and external tibial torsion >30°).

Methods

Between January 2015 and June 2020, a total of 115 knees with recurrent patellar dislocation treated with combined medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction (MPFL‐R) and derotational osteotomies were evaluated after a minimum follow‐up of 2 years. Among these cases, 15 knees that underwent double‐level derotational osteotomy were included in the double‐level group, which was propensity‐matched in a 1:2 ratio to a single‐level group of patients who underwent single‐level femoral derotational osteotomy (30 knees). The clinical and radiological outcomes were evaluated and compared between the groups. Furthermore, the foot progression angle was measured preoperatively and 2 years after surgery.

Results

The patient‐specific variables did not differ significantly between the double‐ and the single‐level groups after propensity score matching. The postoperative mean foot progression angle was significantly lower in the double‐level group than in the single‐level group (9° ± 8° vs. 15° ± 11°; p = 0.014); however, there were no statistically significant differences between the groups in terms of any other clinical and radiological assessments.

Conclusion

For patients with severe femoral and tibial torsional deformities (femoral anteversion >30° and external tibial torsion >30°), the double‐level derotational osteotomy is superior to single‐level osteotomy in maintaining normal foot progression angle, but it does not show an advantage in terms of patient‐reported outcomes, radiological results and redislocation rate at minimum 2 years of follow‐up. Furthermore, concomitant excessive external tibial torsion (>30°) did not have an adverse effect on clinical outcomes in patients who underwent derotational distal femoral osteotomy with MPFL‐R due to excessive femoral anteversion.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
M6A‐mediated hsa_circ_0061179 inhibits DNA damage in ovarian cancer cells via miR‐143‐3p/TIMELESS
Authors: Zhang Yuhong , Wu Yuhong , Shi Xiu , Ding Hongmei , Zhou Ying , Chen Hanqing , Shen Fangrong , Chen Youguo , Zhou Jinhua , Zhou Dingjie , Wang Juan
Published: May 2024

Ovarian cancer (OC) is among the most common and deadly solid malignancies in women. Despite many advances in OC research, the incidence of OC continues to rise, and its pathogenesis remains largely unknown. Herein, we elucidated the function of hsa_circ_0061179 in OC. The levels of hsa_circ_0061179, miR‐143‐3p, TIMELESS, and DNA damage repair‐related proteins in OC or normal ovarian tissues and cells were measured using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunoblotting. The biological effects of hsa_circ_0061179 and miR‐143‐3p on proliferation, clone formation, DNA damage, and apoptosis of OC cells were detected by the cell counting kit‐8 assay, 5‐methylethyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine, flow cytometry, the comet assay, and immunofluorescence staining combined with the confocal microscopy. The interaction among hsa_circ_0061179, miR‐143‐3p, and TIMELESS was validated by the luciferase reporter assay. Mice tumor xenograft models were used to evaluate the influence of hsa_circ_0061179 on OC growth in vivo. We found that human OC biospecimens expressed higher levels of hsa_circ_0061179 and lower levels of miR‐143‐3p. Hsa_circ_0061179 was found to bind with miR‐143‐3p, which directly targets TIMELESS. Hsa_circ_0061179 knockdown or miR‐143‐3p overexpression suppressed the proliferation and clone formation of OC cells and increased DNA damage and apoptosis of OC cells via the miR‐143‐3p/TIMELESS axis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that METTL3 could direct the formation of has_circ_0061179 through a specific m6A modification site. YTHDC1 facilitated the cytoplasmic transfer of has_circ_0061179 by directly binding to the modified m6A site. Our findings suggest that hsa_circ_0061179 acts as the sponge of miR‐143‐3p to activate TIMELESS signaling and inhibits DNA damage and apoptosis in OC cells.
Simultaneous analysis of continuously embedded Reissner–Mindlin shells in 3D bulk domains
Authors: Kaiser Michael Wolfgang , Fries Thomas‐Peter
Published: May 2024

A mechanical model and numerical method for the simultaneous analysis of Reissner–Mindlin shells with geometries implied by a continuous set of level sets (isosurfaces) over some three‐dimensional bulk domain is presented. A three‐dimensional mesh in the bulk domain is used in a tailored FEM formulation where the elements are by no means conforming to the level sets representing the shape of the individual shells. However, the shell geometries are bounded by the intersection curves of the level sets with the boundary of the bulk domain so that the boundaries are meshed conformingly. This results in a method which was coined Bulk Trace FEM before. The simultaneously considered, continuously embedded shells may be useful in the structural design process or for the continuous reinforcement of bulk domains. Numerical results confirm higher‐order convergence rates.
The Use of Artificial Intelligence to Improve Readability of Otolaryngology Patient Education Materials
Authors: Patel Evan A. , Fleischer Lindsay , Filip Peter , Eggerstedt Michael , Hutz Michael , Michaelides Elias , Batra Pete S. , Tajudeen Bobby A.
Published: May 2024

Objective

The recommended readability of health education materials is at the sixth‐grade level. Artificial intelligence (AI) large language models such as the newly released ChatGPT4 might facilitate the conversion of patient‐education materials at scale. We sought to ascertain whether online otolaryngology education materials meet recommended reading levels and whether ChatGPT4 could rewrite these materials to the sixth‐grade level. We also wished to ensure that converted materials were accurate and retained sufficient content.

Methods

Seventy‐one articles from patient educational materials published online by the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery were selected. Articles were entered into ChatGPT4 with the prompt “translate this text to a sixth‐grade reading level.” Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and Flesch‐Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) were determined for each article before and after AI conversion. Each article and conversion were reviewed for factual inaccuracies, and each conversion was reviewed for content retention.

Results

The 71 articles had an initial average FKGL of 11.03 and FRES of 46.79. After conversion by ChatGPT4, the average FKGL across all articles was 5.80 and FRES was 77.27. Converted materials provided enough detail for patient education with no factual errors.

Discussion

We found that ChatGPT4 improved the reading accessibility of otolaryngology online patient education materials to recommended levels quickly and effectively.

Implications for Practice

Physicians can determine whether their patient education materials exceed current recommended reading levels by using widely available measurement tools, and then apply AI dialogue platforms to modify materials to more accessible levels as needed.

Level of Evidence

Level 5.
An Improved Staging System of Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma in the External Auditory Canal
Authors: Wang Jing , Li Feitian , Feng Yisi , Kong Dedi , Zhang Yibo , Dai Chunfu
Published: May 2024

Objective

The purpose of this study was to define an improved staging system for adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in the external auditory canal (EAC) based on biological behaviors, image findings, and the prognosis of patients with ACC in the EAC.

Study Design

A retrospective study.

Setting

A single center data.

Methods

We performed a single‐institution retrospective review of 154 patients with ACC in the EAC between January 2004 and September 2021. Risk factors associated with disease‐free survival (DFS) and cancer‐specific survival (CSS) of ACC in the EAC were identified using univariate and multivariate cox regression analysis. Then an improved staging system was proposed and compared with the Pittsburgh‐modified tumor, node, and metastasis (TNM) staging system for statistical differences in DFS and CSS.

Results

An improved staging system of ACC in the EAC was defined, in which stage T4 were subclassified into T4a and T4b and were statistically different from the Pittsburgh‐modified TNM staging system in DFS and CSS. We also found that the dura mater, facial nerve, sigmoid sinus, deep lobe of parotid gland, and parapharyngeal space involvement were significantly associated with poor prognosis of ACC in the EAC.

Conclusion

The improved staging system is more accurate in predicting survival prognosis than Pittsburgh‐modified TNM staging system for patients with ACC in the EAC, and may provide more efficient guidance of treatment strategy.

The improved staging system of ACC in the EAC is more accurately to predict survival prognosis, and provide guidance of treatment plan than Pittsburgh‐modified TNM staging system.

Level of Evidence

4.
2,3‐Epoxyamide‐alcohols in Domino Reactions: En Route to Molecular Diversity
Authors: El Bouakher Abderrahman , Lhoste Jérôme , Martel Arnaud , Comesse Sébastien
Published: May 2024

The synthesis of polycyclic γ‐ and δ‐lactams bearing up to four contiguous fully controlled stereocenters is presented. For that purpose, we developed an original approach based on the use of 2,3‐epoxyamides in domino reactions by taking advantage of the nucleophilic nitrogen atom and electrophilic epoxide. In reaction with enol ethers bearing gem bis‐electrophiles on the double bond as Michael acceptors, four different reaction pathways were observed. They all started with a domino oxa‐Michael/aza‐Michael/epoxide opening sequence and depending on substrates engaged could be followed either by a lactonization or a hemiketalization/retro‐aldol cascade. Thus, four original fully‐substituted piperidine‐ or pyrrolidine‐2‐one scaffolds were selectively synthesized in good to high yields. Moreover, these polycyclic lactams were obtained in high stereo‐ and chemo‐selectively highlighting the efficiency and molecular diversity offered by this new methodology that should offer various synthetic opportunities in the future.
The effect of isocyanate on the properties of poly(butylene adipate‐co‐terephthalate)/Kenaf fiber composites
Authors: Jeon Seon Mi , Choo Ji Eun , Park Tae Hyeong , Hwang Sung Wook
Published: May 2024

Poly(butylene‐adipate‐co‐terephthalate) (PBAT)/Kenaf fiber composites was prepared by the melt processing technique with various compositions to investigate the general properties. While the Young's modulus of the composite was profoundly improved, the tensile strength and elongation at break exhibited a significant diminished with the incorporation of kenaf fibers due to the poor interfacial adhesion between PBAT and Kenaf fibers. The Halpin‐Tsai model was applied, and the similar behavior of Young's modulus for the composite as compared to experimental results was calculated. The micro‐voids and cavitation were clearly confirmed by morphological observation. Reactive compatibilization with HDI improved the compatibility between PBAT and Kenaf fibers, and the mechanical performance was significantly enhanced due to improved interfacial adhesion. The PBAT/Kenaf composites with a reactive compatibilization showed considerable improvement of storage modulus, G′ in terminal region as well. The stable thermal stability could be also beneficial for thermal processing technique. The addition of Kenaf fiber resulted in a liquid‐like behavior decreasing elasticity of the PBAT/Kenaf composites. The HDI had a profound effect on increasing elasticity with solid‐like behavior resulting in enhancing the G′ and η* of the PBAT/Kenaf fiber composites due to the improved interfacial adhesion as confirmed from the morphological observation.

Highlights

Kenaf fiber has a great effect on improvement of the modulus for PBAT/Kenaf composites

The optimized PBAT/Kenaf composite composition is 96/4 wt% ratio for the composite

HDI is found to be a good compatibilizer for PBAT and Kenaf fiber

Reactive compatibilization enhances the interfacial adhesion between PBAT and Kenaf fiber

The compatibilized PBAT/Kenaf composites have the better mechanical performance
Maternal “mirror” syndrome: Evaluating the benefits of fetal therapy
Authors: Sichitiu Joanna , Alkazaleh Fawaz , de Heus Roel , Abbasi Nimrah , van Mieghem Tim , Keunen Johannes , Windrim Rory , Seaward Gareth , Kelly Edmond N. , Lewi Liesbeth , Deprest Jan , Ryan Greg , Shinar Shiri
Published: May 2024

Objective

To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes following fetal intervention in the context of maternal “mirror” syndrome.

Study Design

A multicenter retrospective study of all cases of fetal hydrops complicated by maternal “mirror” syndrome and treated by any form of fetal therapy between 1995 and 2022. Medical records and ultrasound images of all cases were reviewed. “Mirror” syndrome was defined as fetal hydrops and/or placentomegaly associated with the maternal development of pronounced edema, with or without pre‐eclampsia. Fetal hydrops was defined as the presence of abnormal fluid collections in ≥2 body cavities.

Results

Twenty‐one pregnancies met the inclusion criteria. Causes of fetal hydrops and/or placentomegaly included fetal lung lesions (n = 9), twin‐twin transfusion syndrome (n = 6), severe fetal anemia (n = 4), and others (n = 2). Mean gestational age at “mirror” presentation was 27.0 ± 3.8 weeks. Maternal “mirror” syndrome was identified following fetal therapeutic intervention in 14 cases (66.6%). “Mirror” symptoms resolved or significantly improved before delivery in 8 (38.1%) cases with a mean interval from fetal intervention to maternal recovery of 13.1 days (range 4–35). Three women needed to be delivered because of worsening “mirror” syndrome. Of the 21 pregnancies treated (27 fetuses), there were 15 (55.5%) livebirths, 7 (25.9%) neonatal deaths and 5 (18.5%) intra‐uterine deaths.

Conclusion

Following successful treatment and resolution of fetal hydrops, maternal “mirror” syndrome can improve or sometimes completely resolve before delivery. Furthermore, the recognition that “mirror” syndrome may arise only after fetal intervention necessitates hightened patient maternal surveillance in cases of fetal hydrops.
Differences in clinical outcomes between men with mosaic Klinefelter syndrome and those with non‐mosaic Klinefelter syndrome
Authors: Tsukamoto Juri , Enatsu Noritoshi , Nakahara Eri , Furuhashi Kohyu , Chiba Koji , Enatsu Yihsien , Mizusawa Yuri , Okamoto Eri , Kokeguchi Shoji , Shiotani Masahide
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study compared the clinical outcomes of men with Klinfelter syndrome based on karyotype.

Methods

The authors analyzed the outcomes of microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro‐TESE) performed on 57 patients with Klinfelter syndrome (KS) at our clinic.

Results

The average ages of the non‐mosaic and mosaic KS groups were 32.2 ± 4.8 and 45.9 ± 13.1 years, respectively. The sperm retrieval rates of the non‐mosaic and mosaic KS groups were 46.5% (20/43) and 50.0% (7/14), respectively. The fertilization rates after intracytoplasmic sperm injection did not significantly differ between the non‐mosaic and mosaic KS groups. The mosaic KS group had higher cleavage and blastocyst development rates than the non‐mosaic KS group (72.2% vs. 96.2% and 30.5% vs. 44.7%, respectively). The group using motile sperm had better outcomes than the group using immotile sperm. The embryo transfer outcomes of the non‐mosaic and mosaic KS groups did not significantly differ (clinical pregnancy rate: 28.0% vs. 20.7%, miscarriage rate: 14.3% vs. 33.3%, production rate per transfer: 22.0% vs. 13.8%, and production rate per case: 58.8% vs. 57.1%).

Conclusions

Compared with the non‐mosaic KS group, the mosaic KS group had significantly better intracytoplasmic sperm injection outcomes because of the higher utilization rate of motile sperm.