bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed γ‐Selective and Stereospecific Direct Allylic Alkylation of Terminal Alkynes: Synthesis of Skipped Enynes.
Authors: Makida Yusuke , Takayama Yurie , Ohmiya Hirohisa , Sawamura Masaya
Published: September 2013

A copper‐catalyzed protocol for the direct allylic alkylation of terminal alkynes with a variety of internal secondary allylic phosphates is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Cyclocarbonylation of Aliphatic Amides Through the Regioselective Activation of Unactivated C(sp3)—H Bonds.
Authors: Hasegawa Nao , Shibata Kaname , Charra Valentine , Inoue Satoshi , Fukumoto Yoshiya , Chatani Naoto
Published: September 2013

A novel method for the cyclocarbonylation of unactivated C—H bonds is developed by using the catalyst Ru3(CO)12.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Decarboxylative Fluorination for the Synthesis of Tri‐ and Difluoromethyl Arenes.
Authors: Luthra Sajinder K. , et al. et al.
Published: September 2013

It is demonstrated that readily available α,α‐difluoro‐ and α‐fluoroacetic acids respond to fluorodecarboxylation with Selectfluor under Ag(I) catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: In situ Preparation of a Multifunctional Chiral Hybrid Organic—Inorganic Catalyst for Asymmetric Multicomponent Reactions.
Authors: Garcia‐Garcia Pilar , Zagdoun Alexandre , Coperet Christophe , Lesage Anne , Diaz Urbano , Corma Avelino
Published: September 2013

The utilized catalyst is made of a chiral mesoporous organosilica material incorporating a urea‐based cinchona derivative and propylamine groups, generated by a co‐condensation method.
ChemInform Abstract: Anhydrides as α,β‐Unsaturated Acyl Ammonium Precursors: Isothiourea‐Promoted Catalytic Asymmetric Annulation Processes.
Authors: Robinson Emily R. T. , Fallan Charlene , Simal Carmen , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: September 2013

Isothiourea HBTM 2.1 is utilized to generate functionalized chiral esters, dihydropyranones, or dihydropyridones in good yields and high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Suzuki Cross‐Coupling Reaction Catalyzed by Magnetically Recyclable Nanocatalyst.
Authors: Choi Kwang‐Hyun , Shokouhimehr Mohammadreza , Sung Yung‐Eun
Published: September 2013

Yields of all compounds are determined by GC‐analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Relay Redox and Lewis Acid Catalysis in the Titanocene‐Catalyzed Multicomponent Assembly of 1,5‐Enynes.
Authors: Lepore Antonio J. , Pinkerton David M. , Ashfeld Brandon L.
Published: September 2013

A three‐component coupling reaction of allylsilanes with iodoalkynes and aldehydes leads to 1,5‐enynes (IV) and (VIII), which are used as convenient building blocks for the synthesis of iodobenzene (V), cyclobutene (IX), and bicyclo[3.1.0]hexene (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient Transformation of Levulinic Acid into Pyrrolidinones by Iridium Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenation.
Authors: Wei Yawen , Wang Chao , Jiang Xue , Xue Dong , Li Jia , Xiao Jianliang
Published: September 2013

Similar transfer hydrogenation of S‐oxohexanoic acid provides access to corresponding pyridinone derivatives (V).
ChemInform Abstract: Coupling and Cyclization of o‐Iodoanilines and Propargylic Bromides via Allenes: An Efficient Entry to Indomethacin.
Authors: Zhu Can , Ma Shengming
Published: September 2013

The synthetic value of the present protocol is demonstrated by a gram scale synthesis of the antiinflammatory drug (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Method for Synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes Using 1,3‐Dibromo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin as a Highly Efficient Catalyst under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Hojati Seyedeh , Zeinali Toktam , Nematdoust Zahra
Published: September 2013

This new method is applicable to both aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium(II)/Polyoxometalate‐Catalyzed Direct C‐3 Alkenylation of Indoles Using Dioxygen as the Terminal Oxidant
Authors: Huang Qiufeng , Song Qianqian , Cai Jin , Zhang Xiaofeng , Lin Shen
Published: September 2013

18 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Pd(II)‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminopalladation/Direct C—H Arylation under Aerobic Conditions: Synthesis of Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles.
Authors: Piou Tiffany , Neuville Luc , Zhu Jieping
Published: September 2013

Optimized reaction conditions are established for the one‐pot bis‐cyclization of substrates (I) to produce pyrroloindoles in moderate yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free [2 + 2 + 1] Annulation of Alkynes, Nitriles, and Oxygen Atoms: Iodine(III)‐Mediated Synthesis of Highly Substituted Oxazoles.
Authors: Saito Akio , Taniguchi Akihiro , Kambara Yui , Hanzawa Yuji
Published: September 2013

The title reaction not only provides an attractive procedure for access to highly substituted oxazoles but also broadens the application of iodine(III) reagents.
ChemInform Abstract: Continuous Process for Click Reactions Using Glass Micro‐Reactor Functionalized with β‐Cyclodextrin.
Authors: Tahir Muhammad Nazir , Qamar Riaz‐ul , Adnan Ahmad , Cho Eunae , Jung Seunho
Published: September 2013

The modified surface of the reactor is stable and no degradation is observed after 50h of continuous use.
ChemInform Abstract: Polymer‐Supported Azide and Copper(I): Green Reusable Reagent and Catalyst for Click Cyclization.
Authors: Albadi Jalal , Keshavarz Mosadegh
Published: September 2013

1,4‐Disubstituted‐1,2,3‐triazoles are obtained in one‐pot from α‐bromocarbonyl compounds (I) and macroporous polymer‐supported azide reagent using polymer‐supported copper (I) iodide as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: CuI‐Ionic Liquids as Efficient Reaction Media for the Synthesis of Pyran Skeleton via Domino Knoevenagel‐Hetero‐Diels—Alder Reaction with Unactivated Alkynes.
Authors: Balalaie Saeed , Azizian Javad , Shameli Abolghasem , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza
Published: September 2013

A convenient, mild and environmentally benign method for the synthesis of polycyclic compounds containing a pyran skeleton is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective NHC‐Catalyzed Formal [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of Alkylarylketenes with β,γ‐Unsaturated α‐Ketophosphonates.
Authors: Leckie Stuart M. , Fallan Charlene , Taylor James E. , Brown T. Bruce , Pryde David , Lebl Tomas , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Smith Andrew D.
Published: September 2013

A substrate‐depending diastereoselectivity is observed which provides predominantly the syn products from γ‐aryl α‐ketophosphonates of type (II) and (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Prins Bicyclization Strategy for the Synthesis of Sugar‐Annulated Furopyran Scaffolds.
Authors: Srivastava Nikhil , Reddy P. Puroshotham , Sridhar Balasubramanian , Reddy B. V. Subba
Published: September 2013

Optimized conditions are elaborated which allow the direct access to various title heterocycles in a single step and with high stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Coumarin/Pyrrole‐Fused Heterocycles and Their Photochemical and Redox‐Switching Properties.
Authors: Lin Chi‐Hui , Yang Ding‐Yah
Published: September 2013

The photooxidized product (V) can be reverted into its original form by NaCNBH3 reduction or hydrogenation.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antifungal Activity of Some Novel (E)‐2,3‐Dihydro‐3‐[(phenylamino)methylene]‐4H‐1‐benzothiopyran‐4‐ones (III).
Authors: Liu Xiao‐Ming , Yang Geng‐Liang , Song Ya‐Li , Liu Jie‐Jie , Wang Yang , Zhang Dong‐Nuan
Published: September 2013

Title compounds (IIIe) and (IIIf) display similar or slighter higher inhibitory activity against Candida albicans than the standard Fluconazole.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Polyfunctionalized Nitrothianes: Enhancement of Stereoselectivity by Microwaves.
Authors: Vinosha Beermohamed , Renuga Subbiah , Perumal Subbu , Muthiah Packianathan Thomas , Thanigaimani Kaliyaperumal
Published: September 2013

Michael addition of nitromethane to (Z,Z)‐thiobis(enones) (I) under thermal conditions affords a diastereomeric mixture of the desired nitrothiopyran derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Heterocyclic Analogues of Thioflavanones from Haloheteroaromatic Carboxylic Acids
Authors: Lee Jae In
Published: September 2013

involving cyclization of halohetarylchalcones with NaSH as the key step
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Chemo‐, Regio‐ and Stereoselective Synthesis and Cholinesterase Inhibitory Activity of Spirooxindole—Pyrrolizine—Piperidine Hybrids.
Authors: Kia Yalda , Osman Hasnah , Kumar Raju Suresh , Murugaiyah Vikneswaran , Basiri Alireza , Perumal Subbu , Razak Ibrahim Abdul
Published: September 2013

New hybrids (IVd)—(IVg) display acetylcholinesterase inhibitory potential comparable to the standard drug galantamine with (IVe) as the most active one.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Chiral Urea Catalyzed Highly Enantioselective Michael Addition of Cyclic 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds to 2‐Enoylpyridine.
Authors: Molleti Nagaraju , Allu Suresh , Ray Sumit K. , Singh Vinod K.
Published: September 2013

The title process provides Michael adducts which are acetylated to yield products of type (IV), (VII), and (IX) generally with high levels of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Pool Synthesis of N‐Cbz‐cis‐(3R,4R)‐3‐methylamino‐4‐methylpiperidine from L‐Malic Acids.
Authors: Hao Bao‐Yu , Liu Jin‐Qiang , Zhang Wei‐Han , Chen Xin‐Zhi
Published: September 2013

Title compound (II), key building block for the synthesis of the first‐in‐class Janas tyrosine kinase inhibitor CP‐690,550, is prepared from cheap raw materials using established transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Fluorescent Properties of 2‐Styryl‐6,7‐difluoro‐8‐hydroxyquinoline and Its Zn(II) Complex.
Authors: Nosova Emiliya V. , Stupina Tatyana V. , Lipunova Galina N. , Charushin Valery N.
Published: September 2013

A new synthetic approach to the title compound (IV) is presented which is the key intermediate for various further transformations.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Carbofluorination of TBS‐Protected Nitrogen‐Containing Cyclic Enynols: Synthesis of Fluorinated Azabicycles.
Authors: Yeh Ming‐Chang P. , Liang Chia‐Jung , Huang Tzu‐Lin , Hsu Hsiao‐Ju , Tsau Yu‐Shuo
Published: September 2013

The new method provides easy access to fluorinated azabicycles within short reaction times under metal‐free conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: ZnCl2‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Domino Reactions for the Synthesis of Pyrano[3,2‐c]quinolin‐5(6H)‐ones.
Authors: Gunasekaran Pethaiah , Prasanna Pitchaimani , Perumal Subbu , Almansour Abdulrahman I.
Published: September 2013

A facile one‐pot protocol is developed for the condensation/Michael addition/annulation sequence which creates 2 C—C bonds and one C—O bond in a single operation.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis and X‐Ray Structure of New, Stable Tetrahydropyrrolo[1,2‐a][1,10]Phenanthrolines with Four Diastereoisomeric Centers.
Authors: Heydari Reza , Tahamipour Batool , Torbati Niloofar Akbarzadeh , Graiff Claudia , Ziyaadini Morteza
Published: September 2013

The title compounds (IV) are obtained by a domino‐Knoevenagel cyclization of phenanthrolinium N‐ylides (I) with ethyl cyanoacetate and aromatic aldehydes under mild reaction conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple, Catalyst‐Free, One‐Pot Procedure for the Synthesis of 2‐Amino‐3‐cyano‐1,4,5,6‐tetrahydropyrano[3,2‐c]quinolin‐5‐one Derivatives
Authors: Yao Meng‐Jian , Guan Zhi , He Yan‐Hong
Published: September 2013

by three‐component one‐pot reaction of 4‐hydroxyquinolin‐2(1H)‐one (I), malononitrile, and various aldehydes
ChemInform Abstract: A General Method to Diverse Cinnolines and Cinnolinium Salts.
Authors: Zhao Dongbing , Wu Qian , Huang Xiaolei , Song Feijie , Lv Taiyong , You Jingsong
Published: September 2013

A highly efficient and general method for the preparation of cinnolines, cinnolinium salts, and polycyclic cinnolinium salts through rhodium(III)‐catalyzed oxidative C—H activation/cyclization of azo compounds with alkynes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Access to 1,4‐Benzothiazine: Palladium‐Catalyzed Double C—S Bond Formation Using Na2S2O3 as Sulfurating Reagent.
Authors: Qiao Zongjun , Liu Hui , Xiao Xiao , Fu Yana , Wei Jianpeng , Li Yuxue , Jiang Xuefeng
Published: September 2013

A novel Pd‐catalyzed double C—S bond formation coupling reaction is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: [Omim][NO3], a Green and Base‐Free Medium for One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzothiazinones at Room Temperature.
Authors: Sharifi Ali , Abaee M. Saeed , Rouzgard Mahdiyeh , Mirzaei Mojtaba
Published: September 2013

The title compounds (III) and (V) are obtained by a general and efficient one‐pot reaction of 2‐aminothiophenols (I) with 2‐bromoalkanoates (II) or (IV) resp., without any catalyst, base, or additive.
ChemInform Abstract: Sono‐Transition‐Metal Catalysis of One‐Pot Three‐Step Synthesis of Glycosyl‐1,2,3‐triazoles.
Authors: Driowya Mohsine , Bougrin Khalid , Benhida Rachid
Published: September 2013

An efficient and eco‐friendly three‐step one‐pot procedure for the synthesis of a new series of glycosyl triazoles is developed using ultrasonic activation and iron‐copper dual catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Zearalenone Mimics: Synthesis of (E)‐6‐(1‐Alkenyl)‐Substituted β‐Resorcylic Acid Esters.
Authors: Mikula Hannes , Hametner Christian , Froehlich Johannes
Published: September 2013

Alternative approaches to the synthesis of unsaturated substituted β‐resorcylic acid esters as mimics for the mycotoxin zearalenone are developed using ortho‐directed lithiation reactions as key step.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Prodigiosenes and the Influence of C‐Ring Substitution on DNA Cleavage, Transmembrane Chloride Transport and Basicity.
Authors: Rastogi Soumya , Marchal Estelle , Uddin Imam , Groves Brandon , Colpitts Julie , McFarland Sherri A. , Davis Jeffery T. , Thompson Alison
Published: September 2013

Several analogues of the tripyrrolic red pigment prodigiosin [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: Polyanionic (Phosphates, Silicates, Sulfates) Frameworks as Electrode Materials for Rechargeable Li (or Na) Batteries
Authors: Masquelier Christian , Croguennec Laurence
Published: September 2013

Review: 482 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Interface Magnetism in Ferromagnetic Metal‐Compound Semiconductor Hybrid Structures
Authors: Hindmarch Aidan T.
Published: September 2013

Review: 112 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Calcium‐Based Lewis Acid Catalysts
Authors: Begouin Jeanne‐Marie , Niggemann Meike
Published: September 2013

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Oxidative Nucleophilic Substitution of Hydrogen in Nitroarenes
Authors: Gulevskaya A. V. , Tyaglivaya I. N.
Published: September 2013

Review: 78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: New Reactions, Functional Compounds, and Materials in the Series of Coumarin and Its Analogues
Authors: Traven V. F. , Manaev A. V. , Bochkov A. Yu. , Chibisova T. A. , Ivanov I. V.
Published: September 2013

Review: 77 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cucurbituril as a New “Host” of Organic Molecules in Inclusion Complexes
Authors: Chernikova E. Yu. , Fedorov Yu. V. , Fedorova O. A.
Published: September 2013

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions Templated by Nucleic Acids: More Ways to Translate Oligonucleotide‐Based Instructions into Emerging Function.
Authors: Gorska Katarzyna , Winssinger Nicolas
Published: September 2013

Review: 154 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transmetalation in the Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling: The Fork in the Trail
Authors: Lennox Alastair J. J. , Lloyd‐Jones Guy C.
Published: September 2013

Review: 69 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Stereochemistry. Part 7. The Concept of Substrate Stereoselectivity in Biochemistry and Xenobiotic Metabolism
Authors: Testa Bernard
Published: September 2013

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Syntheses of Natural Products Featuring Intramolecular O‐Alkylations Involving Positions β to a Carbonyl Group as the Key Step
Authors: Wu Yikang
Published: September 2013

Review: < 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Porphyrins Through C—C Bond Formation Reactions with Functional Group‐Bearing Organometallic Reagents
Authors: Takanami Toshikatsu
Published: September 2013

Review: more than 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Impact of Electronic Charge on Catalytic Reactivity and Selectivity of Metal‐Oxide Supported Metallic Nanoparticles
Authors: Gross Elad , Somorjai Gabor A.
Published: September 2013

Review: 47 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Whole‐Cell Biocatalysis for Selective and Productive C—O Functional Group Introduction and Modification
Authors: Schrewe Manfred , Julsing Mattijs , Buehler Bruno , Schmid Andreas
Published: September 2013

Review: 331 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilized Lipases in the Cosmetics Industry
Authors: Ansorge‐Schumacher Marion B. , Thum Oliver
Published: September 2013

Review: 244 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Immobilized Enzymes in Biorenewables Production
Authors: Franssen Maurice C. R. , Steunenberg Peter , Scott Elinor L. , Zuilhof Han , Sanders Johan P. M.
Published: September 2013

Review: 389 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Bioactive Luminescent Transition‐Metal Complexes for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ma Dik‐Lung , He Hong‐Zhang , Leung Ka‐Ho , Chan Daniel Shiu‐Hin , Leung Chungt‐Hang
Published: September 2013

Review: 152 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Sustainable Practices in Medicinal Chemistry: Current State and Future Directions
Authors: Bryan Marian C. , Dillon Barry , Hamann Lawrence G. , Hughes Gregory J. , Kopach Michael E. , Peterson Emily A. , Pourashraf Mehrnaz , Raheem Izzat , Richardson Paul , Richter Daniel , et al. et al.
Published: September 2013

Review: 72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Information Matters: An E‐Research Perspective on Information and Data Sharing in the Chemical Sciences
Authors: Bird Colin L. , Frey Jeremy G.
Published: September 2013

Review: 135 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemical Treatment of Jute Stick for Industrial Application — A Review
Authors: Nayak Laxmikanta , Lakshmanan Ammayappan , Ray Deb Prasad
Published: September 2013

Review: 27 refs.
Probing cytoskeletal structures by coupling optical superresolution and AFM techniques for a correlative approach
Authors: Chacko Jenu Varghese , Zanacchi Francesca Cella , Diaspro Alberto
Published: September 2013

In this article, we describe and show the application of some of the most advanced fluorescence superresolution techniques, STED AFM and STORM AFM microscopy towards imaging of cytoskeletal structures, such as microtubule filaments. Mechanical and structural properties can play a relevant role in the investigation of cytoskeletal structures of interest, such as microtubules, that provide support to the cell structure. In fact, the mechanical properties, such as the local stiffness and the elasticity, can be investigated by AFM force spectroscopy with tens of nanometers resolution. Force curves can be analyzed in order to obtain the local elasticity (and the Young's modulus calculation by fitting the force curves from every pixel of interest), and the combination with STED/STORM microscopy integrates the measurement with high specificity and yields superresolution structural information. This hybrid modality of superresolution‐AFM working is a clear example of correlative multimodal microscopy. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of a series of the Agomelatine Analogues as Melatonin MT1/MT2 Agonist and 5‐HT2C Antagonist
Authors: Ettaoussi Mohamed , Sabaouni Ahmed , Pérès Basile , Landagaray Elodie , Nosjean Olivier , Boutin Jean A. , Caignard Daniel‐Henri , Delagrange Philippe , Berthelot Pascal , Yous Saïd
Published: September 2013

Agomelatine is a naphthalenic analogue of melatonin that is in clinical use for the treatment of major depressive disorders. Interestingly, while agomelatine exhibits potent affinity for melatonin receptors, it binds with only moderate affinity to the serotonin 5‐HT2C receptor. Optimization of agomelatine toward this target could further potentiate its clinical efficacy. To explore this hypothesis and to access derivatives in which a key point of agomelatine metabolism is blocked, a series of naphthalenic derivatives was designed and synthesized as novel analogues of agomelatine. Most of the prepared compounds exhibited good binding affinity at the melatonin MT1 and MT2 receptor subtypes. Two compounds, an acetamide and an acrylamide derivative, exhibited good binding affinities at both the human melatonin (MT) receptors and the serotonin 5‐HT2C receptor subtype, with pKi values of 7.96 and 7.95 against MT1, 7.86 and 8.68 against MT2, and 6.64 and 6.44 against 5‐HT2C, respectively.
Improving the scalability of a symmetric iterative eigensolver for multi‐core platforms
Authors: Aktulga Hasan Metin , Yang Chao , Ng Esmond G. , Maris Pieter , Vary James P.
Published: September 2013

We describe an efficient and scalable symmetric iterative eigensolver developed for distributed memory multi‐core platforms. We achieve over 80% parallel efficiency by major reductions in communication overheads for the sparse matrix‐vector multiplication and basis orthogonalization tasks. We show that the scalability of the solver is significantly improved compared to an earlier version, after we carefully reorganize the computational tasks and map them to processing units in a way that exploits the network topology. We discuss the advantage of using a hybrid OpenMP/MPI programming model to implement such a solver. We also present strategies for hiding communication on a multi‐core platform. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these techniques by reporting the performance improvements achieved when we apply our solver to large‐scale eigenvalue problems arising in nuclear structure calculations. Because sparse matrix‐vector multiplication and inner product computation constitute the main kernels in most iterative methods, our ideas are applicable in general to the solution of problems involving large‐scale symmetric sparse matrices with irregular sparsity patterns. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Drinking Water Purification by Electrosynthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide in a Power‐Producing PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Li Winton , Bonakdarpour Arman , Gyenge Előd , Wilkinson David P.
Published: September 2013

The industrial anthraquinone auto‐oxidation process produces most of the world’s supply of hydrogen peroxide. For applications that require small amounts of H2O2 or have economically difficult transportation means, an alternate, on‐site H2O2 production method is needed. Advanced drinking water purification technologies use neutral‐pH H2O2 in combination with UV treatment to reach the desired water purity targets. To produce neutral H2O2 on‐site and on‐demand for drinking water purification, the electroreduction of oxygen at the cathode of a proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cell operated in either electrolysis (power consuming) or fuel cell (power generating) mode could be a possible solution. The work presented here focuses on the H2/O2 fuel cell mode to produce H2O2. The fuel cell reactor is operated with a continuous flow of carrier water through the cathode to remove the product H2O2. The impact of the cobalt–carbon composite cathode catalyst loading, Teflon content in the cathode gas diffusion layer, and cathode carrier water flowrate on the production of H2O2 are examined. H2O2 production rates of up to 200 μmol h−1 cmgeometric −2 are achieved using a continuous flow of carrier water operating at 30 % current efficiency. Operation times of more than 24 h have shown consistent H2O2 and power production, with no degradation of the cobalt catalyst.
Cu/MgAl2O4 as Bifunctional Catalyst for Aldol Condensation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural and Selective Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Pupovac Kristina , Palkovits Regina
Published: September 2013

Copper supported on mesoporous magnesium aluminate has been prepared as noble‐metal‐free solid catalyst for aldol condensation of 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural with acetone, followed by hydrogenation of the aldol condensation products. The investigated mesoporous spinels possess high activity as solid‐base catalysts. Magnesium aluminate exhibits superior activity compared to zinc and cobalt‐based aluminates, reaching full conversion and up to 81 % yield of the 1:1 aldol product. The high activity can be correlated to a higher concentration of basic surface sites on magnesium aluminate. Applying continuous regeneration, the catalysts can be recycled without loss of activity. Focusing on the subsequent hydrogenation of aldol condensation products, Cu/MgAl2O4 allows a selective hydrogenation and CO bond cleavage, delivering 3‐hydroxybutyl‐5‐methylfuran as the main product with up to 84 % selectivity avoiding ring saturation. Analysis of the hydrogenation activity reveals that the reaction proceeds in the following order: CC>CO>CO cleavage>ring hydrogenation. Comparable activity and selectivity can be also achieved utilizing 2‐propanol as solvent in the transfer hydrogenation, providing the possibility for partial recycling of acetone and optimization of the hydrogen management.
Synthesis of n‐port resistive networks containing 2n terminals
Authors: Chen Michael Z. Q. , Wang Kai , Yin Minghui , Li Chanying , Zuo Zhiqiang , Chen Guanrong
Published: September 2013

This paper is concerned with the realizability problem of n‐port resistive networks that contain 2n terminals. A necessary and sufficient condition for any real symmetric matrix to be realizable as the admittance of an n‐port resistive network containing 2n terminals is obtained. This condition is based on the existence of a parameter matrix. Furthermore, the values of the elements are expressed in terms of the entries of the admittance matrix and the parameter matrix. Finally, a numerical example is used to illustrate the results. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
High‐capacity soliton transmission for indoor and outdoor communications using integrated ring resonators
Authors: Amiri I. S. , Alavi S. E. , Ali J.
Published: September 2013

A system consisting of a series of microring resonators, incorporating an add/drop system, is presented in order to create ultra‐short spatial and temporal single and multisoliton pulses, which can be used for indoor and outdoor optical communications. Chaotic noise can be generated by a bright soliton pulse propagating inside a nonlinear microring resonator system. The results obtained show that a single temporal and spatial soliton pulse, with full width at half maximums of 75 fs, 80 fs, 700 fs, 4.4 ps, and 0.30 nm, can be generated. The add/drop system can be used to generate a high number of ultra‐short soliton pulses in the ranges of nanometer/second and picometer/second. The simulated multisolitons have full width at half maximums of 16 ps, 20 pm, 130 ps, and 35 pm and free spectrum ranges of 500 ps, 0.57 nm, 3.5 ns, and 1.4 nm, respectively. The multisolitons generated at the drop port can be used in indoor optical communications, where the ultra‐short pulses with a variety of central wavelengths (from λ = 1550 to λ = 1560) from the through port can be multiplexed‐demultiplexed along an optical fiber with a length of 50 km. The filtered signals can be obtained at the end of the transmission link used for optical outdoor communications. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Angiogenic Biomaterials to Promote Tissue Vascularization and Integration
Authors: Wells Laura A. , Valic Michael S. , Lisovsky Alexandra , Sefton Michael V.
Published: September 2013

Robert Langer’s work with Judah Folkman brought angiogenesis into the spotlight and herein we focus on an offshoot of this work – biomaterial‐driven therapeutic angiogenesis. Angiogenic biomaterials are expected to improve vascularization and integration in tissue engineering, wound healing and medical device applications. This review focuses on therapeutic methacrylic acid copolymers, highlighting some new approaches to use these materials. Such copolymers require no biological components (drugs or cells) to promote in vivo vascularization; they are therapeutic polymers.
Domestic Violence: A case of the Disappearing Victim?†
Authors: McIntyre Deborah
Published: September 2013

This article examines the current theoretical constructions of the phenomenon of domestic violence, and their therapeutic implications. It attempts to draw out the latent socio‐political content of that theorizing, arguing that throughout the various approaches there is a consistent de‐emphasizing of the woman's position as victim of the violent act. An alternative analysis is offered, one which recognizes gender inequality as fundamental to any understanding of domestic violence, and the implications for therapeutic work in this area are briefly explored.
Marital Therapy and Feminism
Authors: Chapman Jane , Park Sue
Published: September 2013

The authors examine first the meaning ascribed to gender behaviour and the impact this has on couples' struggle to evolve a marital structure that can equitably meet their needs. The roles played by counsellors who inadvertently reinforce sex‐role stereotyping in their counselling is also described and case‐discussion in literature where sexism prevails will be presented. Alternative ways of helping couples discover their own fit without appealing to gender behaviour as a structural social tool will be developed. Attention is drawn to the necessity for counsellors to first question their own values about gender behaviour, without succumbing to social definitions.
The 122 Family Study: Empirical Data for 75 Marital and Parental Dyads
Authors: Lindsay John S. B.
Published: September 2013

A sorting test for dyads describing their marital evaluation is outlined; its application to marital dyads where one member is a patient, and to parental dyads where an adolescent son or daughter is the patient is recorded. While the test does not distinguish between many individual and family demographic factors, it does relate to diagnostic groups and, at follow up, to the stability of the marriages. An analysis of the behaviours of different role players in the drama of psychiatric admission shows that there are significant differences between patient and spouse in their test choices. Differences are also noted between the mother and father of an admitted adolescent.
Climbing the Family Tree: Working with Genograms
Authors: Stagoll Brian , Lang Moshe
Published: September 2013

The genogram is a practical and widely adopted tool for mapping families in therapy. Its use can be easily learnt and is recommended for beginners in family therapy. The genogram promotes thinking In system and transactional terms, and shifts emphasis away from individual problems to relational issues. A family system can be given a visual focus, and this often reveals patterns and connections previously unnoticed. A set of conventions for constructing genograms is suggested, with ways of elaborating on this basic frame. The applications of the genogram in joining families, in planning interventions, as a clinical communication medium, and in learning family therapy are discussed. Other types of network diagrams are briefly listed, and a clinical example of a genogram is given. Finally, limits and cautions on the use of genograms are discussed.
The Family Rule Concept in the Theory of Family Therapy: Part II**
Authors: Paterson Tom
Published: September 2013

In the second part of this paper the author traces the processes by which it is possible to learn rule conforming behaviours without necessarily being able to formulate the rule or see any point in the rule; the rule is followed blindly. In following a rule blindly a person may nevertheless be engaged in a practice which has a systemic function; he argues that when we positively connote symptomatic behaviours in the process of making paradoxical systemic interventions, we should avoid any suggestion that the family members are acting deliberately with the goal of “helping” in mind.
Marital Homeostasis and Spouse‐Aided Therapy in Persisting Psychological Disorders
Authors: Hafner R. Julian
Published: September 2013

The concept of marital homeostasis is introduced to help explain the persistence of psychological disability in many married people. The symptoms of the designated patient are seen as often having a protective effect on the psychological adjustment of the ostensibly healthy marriage partner. Spouse‐aided Therapy is introduced as a goal‐oriented, time‐limited out‐patient approach designed to enable the patient's spouse to acknowledge and relinquish his contribution to the patient's continuing disability. This is followed by changes in marital interaction which facilitate the patient's symptomatic improvement.
Interpersonal Behaviour in Families: Research on the Theoretical Relationship of Two Models*
Authors: Constantine Larry L.
Published: September 2013

An integration of theories of family process under a recently formulated unified theory is proposed. Research was conducted testing hypothesized interrelationships between two models subsumed under the unified theory: Satir's model of defended communication and Kantor and Lehr's psychopolitical model of family process. Behavioural ratings from an Australian sample and self‐report ratings from an American sample both show the two models to be significantly correlated and structurally consistent with the unified theory.
Work‐injuries and Invalidism in Migrant Families: A Systems View**
Authors: Stagoll Brian
Published: September 2013

Australia has a large non‐English speaking industrial work force, with a significant incidence of chronic invalidism following work accidents. Health Services are relatively ineffective in preventing this and often only seem to amplify the problem. The destructive interactions that occur between the accident victim and his family, and health and legal services are described. The phases of this social process, termed the “Accident Victim Syndrome”, are outlined. The implications for effective intervention, for the role in family therapy, and for health care delivery in general are discussed.
Spouse‐aided Therapy and Psychiatric Nursing: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Hafner R. Julian , Hatton Pauline , Larkin Frank
Published: September 2013

The training of psychiatric nurses as behavioural nurse therapists has been successfully established in the U.K. by Marks et al. However, their approach has a number of theoretical and practical limitations, such as a rigid adherence to an illness model of psychiatric disorder. This paper describes and evaluates an approach to the training of psychiatric nurses based on systems theory. Four nurses were trained in the use of Spouse‐aided Therapy, a time‐limited, goal‐orientated outpatient approach to the treatment of married psychiatric patients with persisting psychological disorders. Patients' spouses are involved throughout therapy, with the aim of making full use of resources within marriage which may facilitate patients' recovery. Questionnaire and anecdotal data from 12 patients showed a mean fall of 30% in patients' symptoms and a mean fall of 20% in marital dissatisfaction after therapy. The pattern of results supported a systems theory interpretation of outcome.
Home Visits in Crisis Situations — Analysis of Context and Suggestions for Intervention
Authors: Viaro Maurizio , Peruzzi Pio , Roberts E.
Published: September 2013

The authors describe the characteristics inherent in a home visit in crisis situations. They form a hypothesis on a particular kind of relationship which develops between the one who asks for the visit and the Institution. By means of a description of a clinical case they show various methodologies which re‐define the context so as to permit the therapist to take control of the relationship. 16 cases have been treated according to this hypothesis over three years. However the manoeuvres used each time have been continually modified and adjusted. The proposed model represents an attempt at unification of the most effective manoeuvres in a coherent strategy.
Management of Night‐Waking in Young Children
Authors: Seymour Frederick W. , Bayfield Gay , Brock Phyllis , During Mary
Published: September 2013

Regular waking at night is one of the most common problems encountered by parents of young children. In a family counselling programme in Auckland, a night‐waking programme has been used with 208 children referred during a two year period. The programme involved organized bed‐time routines, procedures for settling the child and non‐reward of crying, calling out and getting out of bed. Programme introduction was followed by daily phone calls to parents in which appropriate parent behaviours were prompted and reinforced. Further face to face sessions were held after one week and then if needed. Parent reports show high rates of parent implementation of procedures and rapid change of child sleep behaviour with improvements being maintained at follow up. In a survey of 48 of the parents, positive changes in the daytime behaviour of children were reported as coinciding with improved sleep habits. Also there was an absence of negative side effects, and generally, parent satisfaction with the programme was high.
A Strategic Approach to an Extreme Feeding Problem
Authors: Epston David , Brock Phyllis
Published: September 2013

This paper describes the dramatic resolution of a refractory feeding problem of an eighteen month old boy. He had spent 199 days in hospital prior to treatment and none following this, except for a brief period for a tonsillectomy. He has regained his developmental pace. The authors have attempted to isolate their hypotheses and the interventions derived from them. The parents reflection on the therapy, four months after the first session, provides a commentary on our commentary.
Biological and psychological predictors of visceral pain sensitivity in healthy premenopausal women
Authors: Lacourt T.E. , Houtveen J.H. , Doornen L.J.P. , Benson S. , Grigoleit J.‐S. , Cesko E. , Elsenbruch S.
Published: September 2013

Background

Factors that are associated with pain perception remain incompletely understood, especially in the visceral pain field. Therefore, the current study aimed to investigate possible psychological and biological predictors of visceral pain sensitivity in healthy subjects.

Methods

In a sample of 59 healthy premenopausal female subjects on hormonal contraceptives, measures of gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in daily life, trait and state anxiety, depression, serum cortisol concentrations and serum levels of interleukin‐6 (IL‐6) were obtained, followed by assessment of rectal distension pain sensitivity measures (i.e., rectal distension sensory threshold, pain threshold and pain ratings for discrete rectal distension stimuli).

Results

Regression analyses showed that more GI symptoms in daily life predicted a lower pain threshold. Higher levels of state anxiety predicted a lower pain threshold. Higher cortisol concentrations predicted lower pain ratings. IL‐6 was positively related to GI symptoms but was a non‐significant predictor of pain threshold in the multiple regression analysis.

Conclusions

Similar to findings in patients with functional GI symptoms, we showed that subclinical GI symptoms predict visceral pain sensitivity. In line with somatic pain findings, state but not trait anxiety was found to predict visceral pain sensitivity. Our finding on serum cortisol as positive predictor of pain sensitivity might be interpreted in light of immunosuppressive effects of cortisol. Our finding on the role of IL‐6 in GI symptoms is promising for understanding GI complaints in patients and needs further investigation.
Effect and Possible Mechanism of Network Between MicroRNAs and RUNX2 Gene on Human Dental Follicle Cells
Authors: Chen Pei , Wei Dixin , Xie Baoyi , Ni Jia , Xuan Dongying , Zhang Jincai
Published: September 2013

To investigate whether crosstalk between RUNX2 and miRNAs is involved in tooth eruption regulated by dental follicle cells (DFCs) and the possible molecular mechanism. Blood samples and embedded dental follicles were collected from patients with cleidocranial dysplasia, and RUNX2 gene mutations were analyzed, then RUNX2+/m DFCs were isolated and identified. The characteristics of RUNX2+/m DFCs were analyzed. The differential expression of miRNAs was detected between the RUNX2+/m DFCs and RUNX2+/+ DFCs by microarray, and target genes were predicted by miRGen. miR‐146a was chosen for further investigation, and its effects in DFCs were analyzed by transfecting its mimics and inhibitors, and expression of genes involved in tooth eruption were detected. A novel insertion mutation (c.309_310insTG) of RUNX2 gene was identified which had an effect on the characteristics of DFCs. Compared with the RUNX2+/+ DFCs, there were 69 microRNAs more than twofold up‐regulated and 54 microRNAs more than twofold down‐regulated in the RUNX2+/m DFCs. Among these, miR‐146a decreased significantly in RUNX2+/m DFCs, and expression of RUNX2, CSF‐1, EGFR, and OPG was significantly altered when miR‐146a was overexpressed or inhibited. RUNX2 gene mutation contributes to the characteristic change of DFCs, and the crosstalk between RUNX2 gene and miRNAs may be one of the key regulatory mechanisms of differentiation of DFCs. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 340–348, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sphingosine 1‐Phosphate Receptors Negatively Regulate Collagen Type I/III Expression in Human Bone Marrow‐derived Mesenchymal Stem Cell
Authors: Chang Na , Xiu Lei , Li Liying
Published: September 2013

Collagen is the most abundant structural protein in mammals and is expressed in various tissues. In recent years, sphingosine 1‐phosphate receptors (S1PRs) have been proven to play an important role in the regulation of collagen expression. Our previous studies reported that S1PRs are involved in TGF‐β1‐induced collagen expression via up‐regulating S1PR1/3 in mouse bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), and result in experimental mouse liver fibrogenesis. But it remains unclear whether this process happens in human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). In this study, we provide evidences that S1PR1/3, but not S1PR2, negatively regulate the expression of collagen in hMSCs using cellular and molecular approaches in vitro. We find that treatment of hMSCs with TGF‐β1 up‐regulated collagen expression in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner. Meanwhile, TGF‐β1 inhibited the expression of S1PR1/3, but not S1PR2, in hMSCs in a time‐dependent manner. Furthermore, either selective knock‐down of S1PR1 or silencing S1PR3 induced collagen α1(I) and collagen α1(III) expression in hMSCs. In contrast, inhibition of S1PR2 by siRNA had no effects on the expression of collagen. Altogether, all these findings demonstrated that collagen expression was negatively regulated by S1PR1 and S1PR3 in hMSCs. This study highlights the differences between hMSCs and mouse BMSCs, provides a new regulation mechanism for collagen expression, and points out the risk of utilizing hMSCs in clinical applications. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 359–367, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physics‐based solar wind driver functions for the magnetosphere: Combining the reconnection‐coupled MHD generator with the viscous interaction
Authors: Borovsky Joseph E.
Published: September 2013

Driver functions for the Earth's magnetosphere‐ionosphere system are derived from physical principles. Two processes act simultaneously: a reconnection‐coupled MHD generator 𝒢 and a viscous interaction. 𝒢 accounts for the dayside reconnection rate, the length of the reconnection X line, and current saturation limits for the solar wind generator. Two viscous drivers are derived: Bohm viscosity ℬ and the freestream‐turbulence effect ℱ. A problematic proxy effect is uncovered wherein the viscous driver functions also describe the strength of reconnection. Two magnetospheric‐driver functions written in terms of upstream solar wind parameters are constructed: 𝒢 + ℬ and 𝒢 + ℱ. The driver functions are tested against seven geomagnetic indices. The reaction of the geomagnetic indices to 𝒢 + ℬ and 𝒢 + ℱ is nonlinear: Nonlinear versions of the driver functions are supplied. Applying the driver functions at multiple time steps yields correlation coefficients of ~85% with the AE and Kp indices; it is argued that multiple time stepping removes high‐frequency uncorrelated signal from the drivers. Autocorrelation‐function analysis shows strong 1 day and 1 year periodicities in the AE index, which are not in the solar wind driver functions; correspondingly, high‐pass and low‐pass filtering finds uncorrelated signal at 1 day and 1 year timescales. Residuals (unpredicted variance) between the geomagnetic indices and the driver functions are analyzed: The residuals are anticorrelated with the solar wind velocity, the solar F10.7 radio flux, and the solar wind current saturation parameter. Removing diurnal, semiannual, and annual trends from the indices improves their correlation with the solar wind driver functions. Simplified versions of the driver functions are constructed: The simplified drivers perform approximately as well as the full drivers.
Imaging the lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary of the Indian plate using converted wave techniques
Authors: Kumar P. , Ravi Kumar M. , Srijayanthi G. , Arora Kusumita , Srinagesh D. , Chadha R. K. , Sen Mrinal K.
Published: September 2013

The lithospheric structure of the Indian plate has been investigated using converted wave techniques (P and S receiver functions) and a novel stacking analysis technique (without using deconvolution) applied to a large seismological data set from permanent and temporary broadband seismic stations. We observe coherent energy from at least two seismic discontinuities, i.e., the crust‐mantle (Moho) and lithosphere‐asthenosphere boundary (LAB) in the uppermost mantle. Here we provide a novel seismic image of the Indian lithosphere showing definitive evidence of its flexure, which is interpreted to be primarily caused by the hard collision at ~55 Myr resulting in the world's highest mountain chain—the Himalayas and the Tibetan plateau. Results from geoidal and gravity studies do suggest postcollisional flexuring of the Indian plate; however, the flexure lacks observational constraints. The observed wavelength of the flex is ~1000 km with the thickness of the Indian shield lithosphere varying from ~70 km to 140 km; such a low value for a continent implies that the Indian plate has been reworked in the past. The plate deepens in the Himalayan region to a depth of ~170 km. Further, the converted phases are interpreted to be resulting from the bottom of the lithosphere. We clearly demonstrate that these are distinct and different from the midlithospheric discontinuity. For a large number of stations, the midlithospheric discontinuity and LAB are clearly separated in depth. Our observations suggest that the Archaean lithosphere is no longer intact and is prone to deformation.