bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analyzing of Taboo Language in The Script of 'Uncut Gems' Film by Safdie & Bronstein
Authors: Daulay Sholihatul Hamidah , Dimas  , Alvindi
Published: January 2025

This research examines the use of taboo language in the film Uncut Gems, focusing on identifying the types of taboo language and their functions. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study analyzes linguistic features within the film. The findings reveal four types of taboo language: vulgarity (69 occurrences, 61%), epithet (30 occurrences, 26%), obscenity (12 occurrences, 10%), and profanity (3 occurrences, 3%). Each type serves distinct functions in the narrative, including being provocative, showing contempt, drawing attention, and mocking authority. The most frequent function was provocation (65 occurrences, 61%), followed by showing contempt (23 occurrences, 21%), drawing attention (19 occurrences, 17%), and mocking authority (1 occurrence, 1%). Taboo language plays a crucial role in intensifying the film's emotional impact and enhancing the portrayal of complex social dynamics. This study contributes to understanding how language in film serves as a tool for narrative depth and audience engagement, offering insights into the interplay between language, story, and social context in cinema.
The Effect of Contextual Redefinition Strategy (CRS) in Improving Students Vocabulary
Authors: Majid Ahmad Risal , Dewi Purnama Atmaranie
Published: January 2025

Contextual Redefinition Strategy (CRS) is the one strategy can be used to improve vocabulary students. The aim of this research is to find the use of Contextual Redefinition (CRS) Strategy is Effective to Increase Vocabulary Achievement of the tenth grade students at MAS DDI Tellu Limpoe and to find out students’ interest toward the use of CRS strategy in improving vocabulary achievement. In the methodology of research, the researcher used mix method that applied Quantitative and Qualitative method. The data was analyzed by using t-test. The population of this research was the tenth grade at MAS DDI Tellu Limpoe. In this research there were only one class and total students only twenty-eight. So the sample was selected using total sampling technique. The Researcher used two instruments, the first instrument is vocabulary test in order to find and know students’ vocabularies achievement and the second instrument is questionnaire to express the students’ interest in use of CR strategy in learning English vocabulary. Based on the result of t-test show that the t-test value (14.051) was higher than t-table value (2.056). From the data shows that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted and Ho is rejected. It’s means that there is a significant difference before and after teaching vocabulary through contextual redefinition strategy and using Contextual Redefinition Strategy is effective to improve students’ vocabulary achievement of Tenth Grade Students at MAS DDI Tellu Limpoe.
Review of the Validity and Legal Justice of the Prosecutor's Demands in the Corruption Case Number: 2/Pid.Sus.TPK/2023/PN.Mks
Authors: Khaidir Khaidir , Shodiq MD , Prasetyo Dedy Ardian
Published: January 2025

The validity and fairness of the law against the charges are very important to be considered by the Public Prosecutor. The prosecution process by the public prosecutor begins with the study of the investigation file, then from the results of the public prosecutor's research can identify what evidence and the evidentiary strength is fulfilled, then for the inherent weaknesses known in the case file to prepare the juridical—accurate facts to anticipate problems that arise in the effort to prove in court. The problem in this paper is the basis for the Public Prosecutor's consideration regarding the Corruption Crime case and how to review the aspects of legality and legal justice against the Public Prosecutor's demands in case Number: 2/Pid.Sus.TPK/2023/PN.Mks. This paper uses a type of normative juridical method with the consideration that the problem being studied is relevant to the regulations and how to handle it in judicial practice. From the results of the research carried out, it can be concluded as follows: first, the Public Prosecutor in his Indictment in the form of an "alternative indictment" has been read out in the trial on January 13, 2023, filing an indictment against the defendant Eltinus Omaleng with the First Indictment Article 2 paragraph (1) Jo Article 18 of Law No. 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Crimes Jo Article 55 paragraph (1) 1 of the Criminal Code Jo Article 64 (1) of the Criminal Code and the Second Indictment of Article 3 Jo Article 18 of Law No. 31 of 1999 concerning the Eradication of Corruption Jo Article 55 paragraph (1) 1 of the Criminal Code Jo Article 64 (1) of the Criminal Code. Second, the indictment and demands of the Public Prosecutor in case Number: 2/Pid.Sus.TPK/2023/PN.Mks do not have legal validity and justice, because all elements of the articles charged were not proven at trial.
Gender Equality in Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights: An Islamic Law Perspective
Authors: Jalaludin Diding , Arifin Tajul , Fauzia Ine
Published: January 2025

This study aims to determine the relevance of Article 1 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights which guarantees freedom, dignity and equal rights between human individuals from the perspective of Islamic Law which came with the vision of rahmatan lil 'alamin through the Prophet Muhammad Shallahu 'Alaihi Wasallam. The method used in this research uses a descriptive analysis method with a normative juridical approach and uses qualitative data types in the form of secondary data consisting of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials with data collection techniques through literature studies and content analysis techniques. This research concludes that there is a significant relevance where Islamic Law greatly strengthens and provides hujjah to the clause of gender equality position between individuals that has been formulated in Article 1 of The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. So the existence of several differences in concepts between men and women in the perspective of Islamic Law is not a discrimination against certain genders, the existence of these differences has placed each gender in a noble position based on its characteristics as conceptualized by Islamic law.
The Maqashid Sharia Perspective on Women's Involvement in Supporting Family Livelihoods in Jantho City
Authors: Sabil Jabbar , Fazira Nisa
Published: January 2025

Employing women outside the home to meet the needs of the family can provide benefits, but it can also cause mafsadat to the family and the woman herself, both in the context of maintaining religion (hifz al-din) and maintaining the soul (hifz al-nafs). The benefits are private so they tend to be subjective, while the mafsadat that is possible to arise is public so that it can be objectified intersubjectively. This requires the ability to weigh the potential of mafsadat based on the conditions and situations experienced. This is the reason why research with problem formulation is important; The criteria for maslahat-mafsadat in women's involvement in fulfilling family support. The researcher combines descriptive social research methods with prescriptive legal research methods through a method called al-ijtihad al-maqashidi. It was found that there were various benefits including those at the primary level, and there were efforts from respondents to minimize the effects of mafsadat. It was also found that the social system at Jantho Market is still within the boundaries of manners and there is no quiet place that has the potential for khalwat to occur. In addition, female traders do not do activities at night to avoid a time when crime is vulnerable. This research concluded that the activities of women traders in Jantho Market have been in line with the rules of maqashidiyyah. However, mutual awareness and cooperation are needed to anticipate the potential of mafsadat.
About the Names of Ruminant Animals in the Kazakh Vocabulary of V.V. Radlov’s Dictionary
Authors:   Institute of Linguistics named after. A. Baytursynov, Malbakov М. , Berdillaeva М. ,   Kazakh Academy of Sports and Tourism, Malbakov D. ,   NarXoz University
Published: January 2025

The purpose of the proposed study is to study ideas about the names of ruminant animals (camel, cow, sheep-goat) in the works of one of the scientists who founded world turkology - academician V.V. Radlov, from the point of view of modern domestic linguistics. The scientist’s multi-volume dictionary “The Experience of a Dictionary of Turkic Dialects” written in the 19th century, and the research work “Die Hausthiere der Kirgisen” (“Cattle of the Kazakhs”) were taken as the main source of data in the study. Lexicology, lexicography and ethnolinguistics are taken as the main directions of research work. The main idea of the study is to determine the extent of coverage of Kazakh vocabulary by analyzing the names included in a specific thematic group in the works of the past historical period. During the thematic group analysis, it is determined to what extent the author managed to cover the vocabulary of the Kazakh language, as well as the degree of scientific significance of the works used as sources. Dictionary of V.V. Radlov's “The Experience of a dictionary of Turkic dialects”, as well as an extensive programmatic article devoted to the study of Kazakh livestock breeding, are considered the most advanced works of Turkology published in the 19th century in terms of the scope of the vocabulary of the Kazakh language and the degree of scientific description. The scientific significance of the work is directly related to this scientific value of the work. The practical value of the research lies in the analysis and collection of words by scientist who received linguistic education in the most advanced educational institutions in Europe, who collected ancient language materials during scientific expeditions organized to study Turkic languages, and who managed to master them competently. When studying Kazakh words contained in the most important sources created in past centuries, research methods of collection, description, comparison at the synchronous and diachronic levels, interlingual comparison, and ethnolinguistic analysis were used. The research carried out is of great importance in studying the history of the Kazakh language of past centuries, in revealing the nature of Kazakh vocabulary in a specific historical period. Thus, it is clear that this work is of great practical importance and makes a contribution to the history of language and historical lexicography.
Origin of the Ethnonym Sirgeli
Authors:   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Kalshabek А. , Tadzhiyev Kһ. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University
Published: January 2025

The article discusses scientific forecasts of the enthogenesis of the Sirgeli tribe. The
name Sirgeli has historical and mythological significance. S.G. Klyashtorny says that the Seyanto
tribe, which is contained in ancient Chinese chronicles, is the Sir tribe. The name sir is found in the Tonykok monument: «Turk sir budun yerinte bod kalmadu». There is an opinion that there is a
historical and phonetic connection between the current Sirgeli tribe in Kazakhstan with the Sir tribe.
According to our hypothesis, Seyanto is the indigenous ancestral source of the Sirgeli tribe. In the
genealogy, the Sirgeli tribe originates from the Oysyl man. Academician A. Margulan calls it the
totem of Oysylkarа. The first tribe that gave this name was the Huns. Bronze sculptures of
Oysylkara, masters of the Huns who inhabited the 2nd century BC, serve as evidence. Oysyl is one
of the owners of 4 types of livestock (camel) in Kazakh folklore. This is the name of the idol of the
religion of naturalism. Professor A. Konyratbaev believes that the cult of Oysylkara is the result of
anthropological mythology. The word Kara denotes the title of the ancient Turks. In the country of
Karakhan (Karakhanids), the khan was called Bugrakhan. That is, a strong khan. Thus, the totemOysylkara is a name associated with a political title.
Also, the article will make pictographic, folklore, nuismatic comprehensive analyzes of the
enthogenesis of the Sirgeli tribe.
The Basics of Forming a Test System for the Kazakh Language in Accordance with International Standards
Authors:   National Scientific and Practical center «Til-Kazyna» named after Sh. Shayakhmetov, Demessinova L. , Iskakova Zh. ,   National Scientific and Practical center «Til-Kazyna» named after Sh. Shayakhmetov
Published: January 2025

The article provides an overview of the experience of language testing systems in
world practice and scientific research on testology. For the formation of a test system that meets
international standards that determine the level of the Kazakh language, it is important to rely on
foreign experience, therefore, the history of the formation of language tests such as TOEFL, IELTS,
the methodology for compiling tests, the algorithm for developing tests, the principles of evaluation
in compiling language tests were analyzed. To achieve this goal, comparative, qualitative,
quantitative, psychometric research methods were used.
In world practice, it is effective to teach a language according to CEFR standards, through
international exams confirming the language level. From international practice, many language
testing systems such as TOEFL, IELTS are developed according to the standards of organizations
such as CEFR, ALTE, ETS, ACTFR, ICC. As for the system of tests that assess the level of
knowledge of the Kazakh language, there are few that do not meet the standards of such leading
international organizations as CEFR, ALTE, ETS, ACTFR, ICC. Despite the fact that the Kazakh
language has now switched to a level learning system that meets CEFR standards, the specific
teaching methodology still needs to be improved. Therefore, the research article considered the
prerequisites for the formation of a system for testing the Kazakh language in accordance with
international requirements, analyzed the scientific and practical works related to testing the Kazakh language to date, and conducted a study.
Semantic Aspect of Color in Korean, Kazakh and English Languages
Authors:   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Khusainova G. , Tleuberdiev B. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Taspolatov B. ,   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University
Published: January 2025

This article is a study of the semantics of color in three different language cultures:
Korean, Kazakh and English. Color symbols play a significant role in mutual understanding
between cultures. The system of color designations contains an ethnocultural context. It acts in two
aspects, simultaneously being a reflection of culture and an element that forms it. The semantics of
color is a classification of color. The article provides a comparative analysis of the semantics of
color in three languages. The purpose of the study is to analyze the main semantic connotations associated with certain
colors in each of these languages, as well as to identify cultural features in the perception and use of
color concepts.
The study of this aspect of language in the context of comparative linguistics is relevant in the
context of expanding the possibilities of intercultural communication and the growing interest of
modern linguistic science in the cognitive and pragmatic aspects of language functioning. To this
end, the researchers reviewed the literature on the topic and analyzed data from explanatory
dictionaries and phraseological (idiomatic) funds of the language. The study's findings could help
linguists, anthropologists and intercultural communication specialists had better understand cultural
differences in color perception and its role in language and culture
National Cultural Foundations of Proverbs and Sayings in Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly’s Work
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Amanbekkyzy Zh. , Syzdykova G. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: January 2025

The task of thoroughly identifying and revealing the essence of the sources that
disclose the identity of the people, uphold the national spirit, and illustrate spiritual values is urgent
in today's anthropocentric language development. Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly, the great poet, thinker,
and composer who left behind a rich legacy, still requires a thorough examination from the
perspective of linguistic knowledge, with revisions in the areas of cognitive linguistics,
linguoculture, and axiological linguistics. The majority of research papers are prepared in the
literary studies subject. This demonstrates the importance of the issue of analyzing the creative
language used in Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly's works. Phraseological units, proverbs, sayings, riddles,
samples of oral literature that come to the linguistic world come from the long-term practice of the
ethnos and store valuable data about the ethnos. And they, in addition to personal use, are often
found in the artistic language of poets and writers, in addition to their structural activities, have
lexical and semantic meaning. In this article, the proverbs and sayings found in the works of
Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly are analyzed in this context on the basis of three units: national character,
national feeling, national customs and traditions that make up the harmony of the national soul and
state. Here, a lexical and semantic analysis is carried out based on the historical and comparative
method, the national foundations and manifestations of national knowledge of proverbs and sayings
used in the works of Shakarim Kudaiberdiuly are studied.
The «Mangilik El» Idea in Bukhar Zhyrau’s Works
Authors:   M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University, Kayimov М. , Beisenbayeva R. ,   O. Zhanibekov South Kazakhstan Pedagogical University, Khalikova N. ,   O. Zhanibekov South Kazakhstan Pedagogical University
Published: January 2025

The article examines the idea of «Mangilik el» in the poetry of Bukhar-zhyrau.
Bukhar-zhyrau is an outstanding Kazakh singer-storyteller, statesman, who deeply expressed sociopolitical and spiritual problems through artistic words, promoting national unity and independence.
The main theme of his works is the unity of the Kazakh people, independence and preservation of
statehood. The idea of «Mangilik el» in the poetry of zhyrau is a complex issue with deep historical
and spiritual significance. The study provides a comparative analysis of the historical roots of the
idea of «Mangilik el» and its traditional continuation in the poetry of zhyrau. This idea was first
reflected in the ancient Turkic «Orkhon-Yenisei» written monuments. The idea of «Mangilik el»
has been preserved and updated throughout the centuries since ancient times. The main purpose of
the article was to examine the manifestation of the idea of «Mangilik el» in Kazakh poetry,
including the work of Bukhar zhyrau.
The main feature of zhyrau poetry was to intelligently convey the significant events that left a
mark in history to future generations, to humanity in general, in an artistic language, and leave them
as a literary heritage. Poems, which have their own place in the literature of Kazakh khanate period,
have a social meaning, and they sing about important issues at the national level. The poets of the
XV-XVІІІ centuries wrote deep poems about the nation, heroism, and the times in their poems,
promoting the idea of becoming an eternal nation. Issues such as protection of the land inherited
from ancestors, preservation of national unity were the main themes of zhyrau poetry. The poets
made philosophical and didactic concepts in their works in a humanistic way deeply worried about
life and thinking about people’s future.
Spiritual development of our people depends directly on literature. If we say that literature is
our precious value, zhyrau poetry is one of our priceless treasures. Bukhar Zhyrau, who has his own
place in zhyrau poetry, is one of the people who thought about the future of his country, like
Kultegin and Tonykok. The «Mangilik el» idea which continues from ancient Turkic literature is
becoming the main core of national idea of Kazakh nation today. Therefore, the «Mangilik el» idea
in literary works is considered as one of the themes that will never lose its relevance.
Zhalmauyz Kempir – a Special Image in Turkic Mythology
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Orazkhan N.N. , Daribaev S. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Orazova R. ,   Abay Kazakh National Pedagogical University
Published: January 2025

The most ancient layer of literature, characteristic of the Turkic peoples, originates from ancient Turkic mythology, which is based on images and plots, mythological symbols and associations. An important direction in the development of the field of mythology in ancient times is associated with the appearance of mythical creatures that, through a magical chain, generalize a community of images similar in properties and appearance. Genres such as archaic epics, fairy tales, and legends developed at a later time on the basis of ancient mythological views. Some mythical creatures in these works are given demonological characteristics. In this regard, this article defines the significance of mythical characters in Turkic folklore, includes the problem of analyzing the negative image of the gluttonous old woman Zhalmauyz kempir, and analyzes the evil nature of this mythological demonic creature characteristic of the Turkic peoples. Based on the research, the author described the role of images in Turkic mythology, revealed the meaning of the phrase “Zhalmauyz kempir”, determined the history of the origin of this image, compared the character of a gluttonous old woman with evil power among the Turkic peoples, determined the meaning of fairy tales with special images, examined the image of Zhalmauyz kempir, widely used in fairy tales of Turkic peoples.
А study on the dissemination and pragmatic adaptation of chekhov's short stories in china
Authors:   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Shiguo Shan , Esembekov Т. ,   Al-Farabi Kazakh National University
Published: January 2025

Anton Chekhov's short stories have enjoyed widespread readership in China, with
Chinese translations remaining popular for over a century. This popularity was driven by China’s
foreign language education policy at the time, which prioritized Russian as the primary foreign
language and led to the training of numerous Russian language experts. The themes of Chekhov’s
works resonated strongly with China’s social context, and the active promotion by scholars and
inclusion of his works in textbooks further contributed to their widespread dissemination in China.
However, as many of the Chinese translations have become outdated over the years, they no longer
meet modern standards, making it challenging to convey the full meaning of Chekhov’s works
accurately.
This study explores the dissemination, translation, and reception of Chekhov’s short stories in
China, with a focus on analyzing the adaptive translation strategies applied in the Chinese versions.
The study first reviews the background of Chekhov’s works in China, including the foreign
language policy, the alignment with social context, scholarly promotion, and inclusion in
educational materials. Through a critical analysis of the existing Chinese translations, the study
identifies issues in linguistic and cultural adaptation. It proposes that translators should enhance
translation quality, maintaining fidelity to the original while better meeting the needs of modern
readers. The study also suggests that Russian language learners strengthen their language
comprehension skills and that scholars adopt innovative research methods to advance academic
studies and improve translations of Chekhov’s works in China. This research provides useful
insights and references for future translation practices of Chekhov's works.
Indicators for Evaluating the Performance of the Educational Process
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Abdiyeva Zh. , Ortaev B.T. ,   International University of Tourism and Hospitality, Isaev А.I. ,   International University of Tourism and Hospitality
Published: January 2025

The educational process and its productivity are considered an issue of interest to teachers. Many studies indicate that the learning process should be considered according to the components of the action process, including: motivational, operational, procedural, and reflexive-evaluative. These components, in turn, are offered as components that improve the quality of education and the productivity of learning in terms of the activities of the teacher and students during training.

According to the research data, the main factors affecting the productivity of learning have been identified, the main ones are: educational materials studied by students, organizational and pedagogical impact in teaching, student learning opportunities, and temporary factors in the implementation of educational work. In addition, the results of an organized learning process (knowledge, actions, and product) can be the results of productive learning.

As indicators of evaluating the effectiveness of learning: increasing the level of education of students and their education during the organized educational process; the implementation of practical cases and skills of students; mental development of students; the ability of students to apply the theoretical information received in practice; students learn to study, assimilate and read material consciously, be able to express thoughts through collective thinking about something; the students' worldview, introspection, and education, etc. it is also said that it should be accepted.

In this article, as an indicator of the effectiveness of the training process: so that students sufficiently master educational, organizational, information, and business skills; so that students consciously provide reflection and feedback to the teacher, student, and students; improving the level of education of students (according to Bloom's taxonomy); implementation by students of practical cases and skills or psychomotor skills; it is recommended to achieve a stable emotional and value attitude of students to the educational process.
The Importance of Values Education and Its Impact on Character Development
Authors:   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University, Mukhamedaly S.B. , Bash O. ,   Hacettepe University, Kuralbayeva A.A. ,   Khoja Akhmet Yassawi International Kazakh-Turkish University
Published: January 2025

The aim of the present research is to investigate the importance of values education and its impact on character development. Values education is an educational approach that promotes character development and social awareness by teaching students ethical and human values. This type of education encourages students to become good people by helping them to adopt values such as empathy, tolerance, respect, responsibility, honesty, and justice.

Values education contributes to students' character development and helps them develop positive personal qualities. These qualities form an important basis for students to be successful in their social lives and careers. Through values education, students become conscious of having human values and make a positive contribution to society by reflecting these values in their lives.

Values education should be supported not only at school but also in the family and community. When families and communities also appreciate values education, it is more likely to help students internalize and practice values. Educators should play an active role in promoting the importance of values to students and supporting them in integrating values into their lives.

This study provides strong evidence that young people who are exposed to values education have increased awareness and sensitivity towards society, are more satisfied in their search for meaning in life, and have increased self-confidence. Moreover, they are observed to be more active in intra-group cooperation and have positive changes in their perceptions of themselves and society.

The qualitative data sources of the research on "The importance of values education and its effect on character development" consist of materials from the existing literature. In the evaluation of the findings, a descriptive interpretation method was preferred, thus it was aimed to make the analysis easy for the reader. The qualitative data was analyzed using the content analysis method.
Contratación verbal y buena fe: una visión crítica de la buena fe de los contratistas en la contratación verbal
Authors: BLANCO MONTAÑÉS ABEL
Published: January 2025

En sede judicial, la noción y el principio de la buena fe han jugado
generalmente en contra de la Administración en los casos de contratación verbal.
Sin embargo, también es preciso poner en duda o sencillamente negar la buena
fe de los contratistas en un gran número de casos, ante la imposibilidad de asignarles
una ignorancia excusable en la validez de una contratación que no presenta
ninguna apariencia de regularidad jurídica. Este artículo desarrolla una visión crítica
de la buena fe de los contratistas o proveedores y trata de precisar las consecuencias
que la ausencia de buena fe en su conducta puede surtir en el seno de
los mecanismos legales que la Ley Contratos del Sector Público establece para depurar
estos supuestos. Para llevar a cabo ambas cosas, se tiene en cuenta la jurisprudencia
y la doctrina de los órganos consultivos.

Egoitza judizialean, fede onaren kontzeptuak eta printzipioak, oro
har, Administrazioaren kontra egin dute ahozko kontratazioetan. Alabaina, kasu askotan
zalantzan jarri behar da edo, besterik gabe, ukatu behar da kontratisten fede
ona, ezin zaielako eman ezjakite barkaezina erregulartasun juridikoaren itxurarik ez
duen kontratazio bat baliozkotzean. Artikulu honetan ikuspegi kritikoz aztertzen da
kontratisten edo hornitzaileen fede ona, eta saiatzen da zehazten haien jokabidean
fede onik ez badago zein ondorio izan daitezkeen Sektore Publikoko Kontratuen Legeak
kasu horiek garbitzeko ezartzen dituen lege-mekanismoetan. Biak gauzatzeko,
organo aholku-emaileen jurisprudentzia eta doktrina hartzen dira kontuan.

In the courts, the notion and principle of good faith has generally
worked against the Administration in cases of verbal contracting. However, it is
also necessary to question or simply deny the good faith of contractors in many
cases, given the impossibility of assigning them excusable ignorance of the
validity of a contract that does not present any appearance of legal regularity. This
article develops a critical view of the good faith of contractors or suppliers and
tries to specify the consequences that the lack of good faith in their conduct may
have within the legal mechanisms that the Public Sector Contracts Act establishes
to purge these cases. In order to do both, the case law and the doctrine of the
advisory bodies are taken into account.
Transformation of ChatGPT into Threat: The Effects of Generative AI on Data Protection and Security
Authors: Manjula Nishchai Jayanna , Randhi Kiran , Bandarapu Srinivas Reddy
Published: January 2025

Purpose: For 2022, GenAI models were the main digital transformation advancement. Cybersecurity is crucial when GenAI models like ChatGPT and Google Bard get more complex. Cybersecurity incidents have highlighted GenAI's offensive and defensive use, creating social, ethical, and privacy issues. GenAI's privacy and cybersecurity risks, possibilities, and constraints are covered in this paper. This study demonstrates ChatGPT's security flaws, which bad actors might utilize to steal sensitive data by violating the model's ethics. In this research, we show ChatGPT attacks using jailbreaks, reverse psychology, and quick injection. Learn how hackers utilize GenAI to launch cyberattacks.
Materials and Methods: ChatGPT is great for customer service, but Bard AI is where it's at when it comes to conversational apps. Diverse technologies have diverse developer communities and ecosystems. With over 100 million users and 1.8 billion monthly visits, ChatGPT is a popular choice among developers and academics because of its accessibility. Bard AI is still in beta and only available to a small group of people, but its APIs are available to the public. OpenAI and Google have different methods to model openness and accessibility. OpenAI makes ChatGPT accessible via APIs, whereas Bard AI, now in the experimental phase, is confined to a select user base. ChatGPT uses semi-supervised (RLHF) training data from sources such as WebText2, OpenWebText2, Common Crawl, scientific literature, and Wikipedia. In contrast, Bard AI uses the Infini set dataset, a varied online content mix, to improve discussion engagement.
Findings: Various forms of social engineering, phishing, automated hacking, malware development, attack payload production, and polymorphic malware may be accomplished using ChatGPT. The report covers defense techniques and upgrades to GenAI security. Automated cyber defenses, reporting, threat data, secure code creation and detection, attack detection, ethical standards, incident response plans, and malware detection are all among these. We will examine the social, ethical, and legal consequences of ChatGPT.
Implications to Theory, Practice and Policy: Given the potential impact on cybersecurity, the paper outlines the present situation and suggests steps the community may take moving forward to make sure this GenAI is reliable, safe, and ethical.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Some New Drug Loaded Polymaleimide Derivatives
Authors: Awad Ammar Abdul-Hussein , Maged Mohammed Nawfal Abdul , Al-Bahrani Hussein Ali , Hameed Zahraa Ch.
Published: January 2025

In this work new polymers have been synthesized via free radical polymerization method of 3 different drug substituted maleimides in THF using Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator in nitrogen atmosphere at 65oC. for 18 hrs. The maleimides monomers were synthesized by conjugation of 4-maleimidobenzoic acid with amino group of three drugs (mesalzine, theophylline, and 4-aminoantipyrine). These monomers were polymerized to give three polymers (e-f). The synthesized polymers were characterized by using H-NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopic analytical techniques. Drug release and swelling percentage were examined at acidic and basic different pH. The intrinsic viscosities of these polymers were evaluated at 25 ºC using an Ostwald viscometer and based on their solubility. All produced monomers' physicochemical characteristics and the antibacterial activity of the derivatives was evaluated against Escherichia coli (E. coli), and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus).
“Impact of the Cambridge Digital Examinations on Global Education: The Case of Private Schools in Harare, Zimbabwe”
Authors: Mazvimba Nyasha , Hove Blessing
Published: January 2025

This study explores the feasibility and impact of Cambridge Digital Examinations in the Zimbabwean context, focusing on five private schools in Harare as a microcosm of global education’s shift towards digital assessment. The findings reveal a blend of optimism and concern among stakeholders. While students’ express confidence in the viability of digital examinations due to their familiarity with technology and its integration in education, teachers and administrators highlight significant challenges. These include infrastructural inadequacies, limited ICT resources, and insufficient training in digital tools, all of which could hinder effective implementation. The study underscores the importance of addressing disparities in internet access, device availability, and digital literacy to prevent further exacerbation of the digital divide. It also examines the role of academic integrity in maintaining exam credibility, emphasizing the need for robust anti-cheating mechanisms. Stakeholder feedback identifies a need for greater investment in ICT infrastructure, expanded technical support, and professional development for educators. Despite these barriers, the research highlights the long-term cost-effectiveness and logistical efficiency of digital exams, as well as their potential to enhance student digital skills. By evaluating technical, pedagogical, and policy dimensions, this study provides actionable recommendations to enable equitable, secure, and sustainable adoption of Cambridge Digital Examinations, offering valuable insights into their role in shaping the future of global education
Comparative Analysis of Legal Frameworks for Engineering Innovation and Social Cohesion in Regulating Economic Migrant Integration: Europe, Canada, and the United States.
Authors: Dafiel Grace Perpetual
Published: January 2025

This paper examines the intersection of migration law, engineering innovations, and social cohesion in integrating economic migrants in Europe, Canada, and the United States. The increasing inflow of economic migrants poses challenges for host countries, including impacts on economic growth, infrastructure, productivity, and social cohesion. Migrant professionals in fields like engineering can contribute significantly to addressing these challenges, especially in areas such as affordable housing, transportation, and energy systems. This study analyzes how migration laws affect the integration of professional migrants and how engineering solutions can foster this process. The research highlights the importance of balancing immediate migrant needs, such as work permits and housing, with long-term goals of social cohesion. It also identifies disparities between migrant and local populations in access to infrastructure and services. Addressing these disparities requires migration laws to manage both short-term migrant needs and long-term integration strategies, while fostering economic growth and social stability. Engineering innovations in housing, transportation, and healthcare must promote equitable access and community cohesion. Effective integration demands collaboration between legal experts, urban planners, and engineers to create inclusive environments. Policies related to education, healthcare, and welfare should be aligned with urban planning efforts to ensure that migrants contribute to and benefit from sustainable, inclusive development. Legal frameworks must balance economic, social, and infrastructural needs for successful integration.
Environmental Practices of Private Secondary Schools in Iriga City, Philippines
Authors: Salcedo Jhonabel B. , Ballesteros Jose B. , Tino Marilou D.
Published: January 2025

The earth has provided all of the physical necessities for life since the beginning of time. The existence of living things on earth is ultimately made possible by the air we breathe, the water that nourishes our cells, the sun, the lithosphere, and all the magnificent landscapes, flora, and fauna, among many other physical necessities of life.

Human beings are considered stewards of God’s given resources. As such, human beings have the obligation to ensure the sustainable use of the planet’s ecosystem. In addition to creating the world for people, God surely intended for man to work on and take care of it. As a result, it is humanity’s responsibility to use the earth’s resources wisely, without endangering this wonderful gift. The variations in mobility and quantity of change in our surroundings feel more immediate and are becoming more visible earlier than predicted in our times due to the presence of environmental issues and concerns.

The research conducted on environmental practice implemented by private secondary schools in Iriga City, aiming to assess their effectiveness and establish a foundation for an Environmental Management Manual. This study is crucial for several reasons along with the importance of Environmental Education. With increasing global awareness of environmental issues, educational institutions play a pivotal role in fostering sustainable practices among young individuals. The study addresses how secondary schools can contribute to environmental stewardship, which is essential in shaping future generations to be environmentally conscious citizens.

The research highlights the need for integrating environmental education into the academic framework of schools. By evaluating current practices, the study seeks to identify gaps and propose enhancements that align with educational goals and environmental sustainability.
Impact of Health Education on Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice towards Human Papilloma Virus and its Vaccination
Authors: Ramakrishna Santhosh , Anjum Waseem , Radhakrishna Veerabhadra , Kudthni Ravi , Vishwanath Pooja
Published: January 2025

Background:
Despite the recommendation, the rate of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine uptake is poor in developing countries. The possible reasons for this could be limited knowledge, poor acceptance, safety concerns, cost of the vaccine, and lack of awareness. Hence, a study was conducted to determine the effect of health education on knowledge, attitude, and practice toward HPV infection and its vaccination.Methods:
An interventional study was conducted in the Tumkur district of India amongst female students studying in pre-university colleges. A questionnaire was provided to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and practice about HPV infection and vaccination before and after health education.Results:
After the health education, awareness about the effects of HPV and the mode of transmission of HPV increased from 62% to 71% (p<0.001) and 12% to 41% (p<0.001) respectively. Health education also increased knowledge about the availability of vaccination against HPV (34% to 87%; p<0.001), the population at risk for HPV infection (16% to 35%; p<0.001), the ideal age group for HPV vaccination (45% to 90%; p<0.001), and the overall knowledge score (5.6/17 to 12/17). Health education improved the willingness to pay for the vaccination from 34% to 56% (p<0.001) and the willingness to recommend others to vaccinate from 61% to 89% (p<0.001). Conclusion:The health education increased awareness about the symptomatology, mode of transmission, population-at-risk, and the effects of HPV infection. Health education also improved the willingness to pay for the vaccination and willingness to recommend others to vaccinate against HPV.
Burden of Mental Morbidities among Health Care Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital Of West Bengal during Third Wave of COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ghosh Soumi , Bag Sourav , Mondal Arijit , Roy Soumit
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are constantly on the frontlines, facing the brunt of the COVID 19 pandemic in their personal, professional, and social lives. This pandemic has also taken a toll on the lives of healthcare workers over the past two years. Facing the stress and burnout since the pandemic has begun, during the third wave of the pandemic, there might be an increase in mental health issues among HCWs in this state. The aim of the study is to assess the magnitude of anxiety and depression during the third wave of COVID-19 pandemic among the healthcare workers in a tertiary care hospital in West Bengal.

Materials and methods: The observational study was conducted at IPGMER & SSKM Hospital, a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kolkata, West Bengal, over a period of one week from January 19 to January 26, 2022. A cross-sectional rapid survey was conducted using an online questionnaire containing the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) among HCWs in the hospital using a Google Proforma through various social media groups. A total of 86 HCWs participated over a period of one week. The data was analysed using SPSS 16 software. Descriptive statistics and univariate logistic regression were used.

Result: In the present study, it was found that among 86 people, 61 of them were aged between 26-40 years, half of them, i.e., 45 people, were male, and more than one-fifth (22.1%) (n = 86) had moderate to severe anxiety. Most of the participants, i.e., 39 of them (45.3%), had clinical depression ranging from borderline to extreme. No significant association of moderate to severe anxiety and depression and socio-demographic characteristics was noticed, except for the significantly higher preponderance of anxiety in female gender (p value= 0.0001). Anxiety showed a good positive correlation with depression (p value less than 0.001) and all who had severe anxiety were also suffering from either severe or extreme depression.

Conclusion: An alarming proportion of anxiety and depression was noticed among HCWs. The prevalence of anxiety and depression (severe grade) among HCWs are 6% and 8% respectively. So awareness regarding their own mental health, preventive therapies, and proper diagnosis and treatment of cases are needed.
A Rare Case of a Pregnant Woman with Severe Thrombocytopenia Associated with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Arora Gitanshi , Prabhu Gauri Abhishek
Published: January 2025

This case report describes a 22-year-old pregnant woman with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and severe thrombocytopenia at 32 weeks of gestation with dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twins. She had a platelet count of 3,000/μL, persistent thrombocytopenia despite transfusions, and symptoms including rashes and muscle cramps. Diagnosis was confirmed with a positive antinuclear antibody (ANA) test. Treatment included methylprednisolone pulse therapy, hydroxychloroquine, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG).

At 34 weeks and 4 days, the patient went into preterm labor and underwent a cesarean section. Preoperative platelet transfusions raised her platelet count to 51,000/μL. Both twins were delivered safely and admitted to the NICU for prematurity. Postoperative care included immunosuppressive therapy, antihypertensives, and antibiotics, with steady improvement in the patient’s condition and platelet count.

This case highlights the challenges of managing SLE with severe thrombocytopenia during pregnancy, especially with twins. Early diagnosis, tailored treatment, and coordinated multidisciplinary care led to positive maternal and neonatal outcomes. This emphasizes the importance of proactive management in high-risk pregnancies to ensure the best possible results.
A BIBLIOMETRIC EXPLORATION OF INTANGIBLE CULTURAL HERITAGE DIGITIZATION: KEY PLAYERS, TRENDS, AND EMERGING FRONTIERS
Authors: Yuan Lin , Tugiman Nursafwah , Sharipudin Mohamad Noor Salehhuddin
Published: January 2025

As of December 2022, China has inscribed 43 items on UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH) list, establishing itself as one of the countries with the most significant achievements in this field globally. However, with the rapid changes of the modern era, many ICH items are facing varying degrees of vulnerability. Alarmingly, some of these cultural treasures have even disappeared before they could be officially recognized. Against this challenging backdrop, the digital preservation and dissemination of ICH have emerged as critical issues that demand attention from every country.In an effort to reveal the current state, key research topics, and emerging frontiers in the field of ICH digitization, this study explores the status and developmental trends of intangible cultural heritage digital communication in China through a bibliometric analysis. By leveraging CiteSpace to analyze 807 publications spanning the years 2006 to 2023, the study identifies three distinct developmental phases in the digitization of ICH: an initial phase characterized by slow growth, a subsequent period of rapid expansion, and a more recent phase marked by the broadening of research themes. Over time, the research focus has gradually shifted from basic preservation efforts to the incorporation of cutting-edge technologies such as new media and big data. Although the majority of studies remain concentrated within a limited number of universities and research institutions, and cross-institutional collaboration is relatively scarce, there is nonetheless a clear and promising trend toward greater diversity and depth in this research area. This evolution underscores the growing importance of advancing both theoretical and practical approaches to the digitization of intangible cultural heritage.