bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leistungsfähigkeit von Multipor WI als Fassadendämmung
Authors: Carrigan Svenja , Hartner Marco , Hofmann Markus , Kornadt Oliver , Schoch Torsten
Published: December 2019

Multipor WI is a mineral‐based interior insulation system with excellent insulation properties. It is dimensionally stable, vapor permeable, and nonflammable. In this paper the investigation of the processability and functionality of Multipor WI WLF 042 as an exterior insulation system is reported. On the campus of Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, a building was constructed with a new exterior insulation system of Multipor WI WLF 042, of 14 cm thickness. This insulation, which has so far only been used in the building interior, has a heat conductivity of λ = 0.042 W/(mK) and a density of ρ = 90 kg/m3. Its thermal expansion coefficient is α = 10–5/K and its specific heat capacity is c = 0.85 kJ/(kgK). It has a lower density and compression strength than Multipor mineral insulation boards for exterior use do.

Temperature sensors were implemented in different layers of the building envelope, both in undisturbed areas and at thermal bridges. The building will be monitored for several years. First heat transfer simulations of two thermal bridges of the building demonstrate the excellent insulation properties of WI WLF 042. The investigation of the processability and functionality of Multipor WI WLF 042 as an exterior insulation system is presented. First simulations show the excellent insulation properties of the insulation. The building will be monitored for several years to provide data about the processability and functionality of Multipor WI WLF 042 as an exterior insulation system.
Diabetic neuropathy: A focus on small fibres
Authors: Malik Rayaz A.
Published: December 2019

Diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is diagnosed too late, which contrasts with our approach for diabetic retinopathy and nephropathy, where incipient disease is detected early enabling timely treatment. The 10‐g monofilament and a foot exam are the commonly used methods for screening diabetic neuropathy, but this primarily identifies moderate to severe diabetic neuropathy. Small fibres are damaged early and are associated with the development of painful diabetic neuropathy, foot ulceration, and Charcot foot. Tests of small fibre damage include thermal thresholds, microneurography, evoked potentials, sudomotor function, laser Doppler flare, skin biopsy, and corneal confocal microscopy. Measures of small fibre damage and repair may be key to the assessment of efficacy in clinical trials of disease modifying therapies for diabetic neuropathy.
Isotopomics by isotope ratio monitoring by 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry on cutting agents in heroin: A new approach for illicit drugs trafficking route elucidation
Authors: Joubert Valentin , Trébuchet Matéo , Mikic Mariana , Silvestre Virginie , Schiphorst Anne‐Marie , Loquet Denis , Stemmelen Anaïs , Ladroue Virginie , Besacier Fabrice , Akoka Serge , Remaud Gérald S.
Published: December 2019

In the battle against the illicit drugs market, methodologies have been developed by forensic laboratories to address the determination of the origin and dismantlement of the trafficking route for various target molecules such as heroin and cocaine. These drug profiling methods are not straightforward, especially when the target molecules are synthetic and very pure, resulting in poorly informative impurity profiles, e.g. new psychoactive substances and cutting agents. A tool based on the determination of intramolecular isotopic profiles has been developed to provide origin discrimination with a new way to profile seized cutting agents and heroin samples. Whereas stable isotope analyses by mass spectrometry give the bulk isotopic composition, nuclear magnetic resonance gives direct access to the position‐specific isotope content at natural abundance. This report shows how both 13C NMR spectrometry and 13C, 15N MS might provide complementary and valuable information to link seized caffeine and paracetamol to their origin. Here, isotopic ratio monitoring by 13C NMR (irm‐13C NMR) offers additional benefits over irm‐MS in its capability to determine a detailed isotopic profile, leading to a better method to distinguish different caffeine and paracetamol batches.
The hunt for red tides: Deep learning algorithm forecasts shellfish toxicity at site scales in coastal Maine
Authors: Grasso Isabella , Archer Stephen D. , Burnell Craig , Tupper Benjamin , Rauschenberg Carlton , Kanwit Kohl , Record Nicholas R.
Published: December 2019

Farmed and wild harvest shellfish industries are increasingly important components of coastal economies globally. Disruptions caused by harmful algal blooms (HABs), colloquially known as red tides, are likely to worsen with increasing aquaculture production, environmental pressures of coastal development, and climate change, necessitating improvedHABforecasts at finer spatial and temporal resolution. We leveraged a dataset of chemical analytical toxin measurements in coastal Maine to demonstrate a new machine learning approach for high‐resolution forecasting of paralytic shellfish toxin accumulation. The forecast used a deep learning neural network to provide weekly site‐specific forecasts of toxicity levels. The algorithm was trained on images constructed from a chemical fingerprint at each site composed of a series of toxic compound measurements. Under various forecasting configurations, the forecast had high accuracy, generally >95%, and successfully predicted the onset and end of nearly all closure‐level toxic events at the site scale at a one‐week forecast time. Tests of forecast range indicated a decline in accuracy at a three‐week forecast time. Results indicate that combining chemical analytical measurements with new machine learning tools is a promising way to provide reliable forecasts at the spatial and temporal scales useful for management and industry.
KubAnomaly: Anomaly detection for the Docker orchestration platform with neural network approaches
Authors: Tien Chin‐Wei , Huang Tse‐Yung , Tien Chia‐Wei , Huang Ting‐Chun , Kuo Sy‐Yen
Published: December 2019

Kubernetes, which is the most popular orchestration platform for Docker containers, is used widely for developing microservices and automating Docker instance life cycle administration. Because of advancements in containerization technology, a single server can run multiple services and use hardware resources more efficiently. However, containerized environments also bring new challenges in terms of complete monitoring and security provision. Thus, hackers can exploit the security vulnerabilities of containers to gain remote control permissions and cause extensive damage to company assets. Therefore, in this study, we propose KubAnomaly, a system that provides security monitoring capabilities for anomaly detection on the Kubernetes orchestration platform. We develop a container monitoring module for Kubernetes and implement neural network approaches to create classification models that strengthen its ability to find abnormal behaviors such as web service attacks and common vulnerabilities and exposures attacks. We use three types of datasets to evaluate our system, including privately collected and publicly available datasets as well as real‐world experiment data. Furthermore, we demonstrate the effectiveness of KubAnomaly by comparing its accuracy with that of other machine learning algorithms. KubAnomaly is shown to achieve an overall accuracy of up to 96% for anomaly detection. It successfully identifies four real attacks carried out by hackers in September 2018. Moreover, its performance overhead is only 5% greater than that of current methods. In summary, KubAnomaly significantly improves container security by avoiding anomaly
attacks.
Remotely sensed rivers in the Anthropocene: state of the art and prospects
Authors: Piégay Hervé , Arnaud Fanny , Belletti Barbara , Bertrand Mélanie , Bizzi Simone , Carbonneau Patrice , Dufour Simon , Liébault Frédéric , Ruiz‐Villanueva Virginia , Slater Louise
Published: December 2019

The rivers of the world are undergoing accelerated change in the Anthropocene, and need to be managed at much broader spatial and temporal scales than before. Fluvial remote sensing now offers a technical and methodological framework that can be deployed to monitor the processes at work and to assess the trajectories of rivers in the Anthropocene. In this paper, we review research investigating past, present and future fluvial corridor conditions and processes using remote sensing and we consider emerging challenges facing fluvial and riparian research. We introduce a suite of remote sensing methods designed to diagnose river changes at reach to regional scales. We then focus on identification of channel patterns and acting processes from satellite, airborne or ground acquisitions. These techniques range from grain scales to landform scales, and from real time scales to inter‐annual scales. We discuss how remote sensing data can now be coupled to catchment scale models that simulate sediment transfer within connected river networks. We also consider future opportunities in terms of datasets and other resources which are likely to impact river management and monitoring at the global scale. We conclude with a summary of challenges and prospects for remotely sensed rivers in the Anthropocene. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A network covert timing channel detection method based on threshold secret sharing
Authors: Xie Jinpu , Chen Yonghong , Wang Linfan , Wang Zhe
Published: December 2019

Network covert timing channel (NCTC) is a kind of covert channel that acquires strong concealment by modifying the interpacket delays of legitimate network traffic and can evade detection by conventional network security mechanisms such as firewalls. Existing detection schemes are not able to detect multiple types of covert channels. Moreover, the robustness of the detection method is low when the network environment changes. Therefore, detecting NCTC is a challenging task. In this paper, an NCTC detection method based on threshold secret sharing is proposed. The new approach utilizes the principle of threshold secret sharing to tolerate the loss or the destruction of partial subsecrets, improves the robustness of the detection method, and solves the problem that the current detection method cannot resist environment changes. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme in this paper has strong robustness to a changing network environment such as when network jitter, packet loss, and packet injection occur in the network transmission process. The approach can detect varieties of NCTCs with a guaranteed true positive rate and greatly improve the versatility and robustness.
A comprehensive study on managing strategies in the fog environments
Authors: Wang Aiqun , Yan Panpan , Batiha Khaldoun
Published: December 2019

Although cloud computing application is rising, some unanswered problems still exist because of its inner issues like untrustworthy inactivity, the absence of movement backing, and place awareness. Therefore, fog computing has appeared as a hopeful infrastructure to supply flexible resources at the edge of the network. Fog supplies processing, data, storing, and application amenities to ultimate operators. The management strategies have a great impact on fog computing, such as monitoring and optimizing, the correlated components for improving the performance, availability, security, and any fundamental operational requirement. However, as far as we know, no organized study exists about analyzing their importance in fog environments. This paper provides a detailed survey for covering the current state‐of‐the‐art in fog management. This paper classifies the management strategies into three main categories: data management, energy, and resource. We also presented a few prospects and problems like the suggestions for the upcoming studies in the associated methods requiring to be investigated in fog computing. Moreover, a new paradigm has been ensured by increasing fog functionality and resource consumption. In general, fog management strategies in computing environments still need improvements in the variety of its setting to convert to an on‐request method, decrease the associated overhead, and improve the performance. Therefore, proper management can maintain the least resource consumption, which will finish the extra decrease in energy usage. Therefore, we contribute to provide strong suggestions for future fog computing studies. This paper can handle the pace of publications and propose the outcomes of study and practice as an upcoming route for decision makers in healthcare. In principle, the increase of researchers, scientists and managers' awareness level would increase the managers' good and knowingly behavioral conduct on managing fog environments.
Component features, odor‐active volatiles, and acute oral toxicity of novel white‐colored truffle Tuber japonicum native to Japan
Authors: Shimokawa Tomoko , Kinoshita Akihiko , Kusumoto Norihisa , Nakano Shota , Nakamura Noritaka , Yamanaka Takashi
Published: December 2019

Component analysis of a novel white‐colored truffle native to Japan, Tuber japonicum, was performed to determine its characteristic features. The analysis of odor‐active volatile compound showed a high contribution of 1‐octen‐3‐ol and 3‐methyl‐2,4‐dithiapentane to the odor of T. japonicum. Although 2,4‐dithiapentane is a key odorant of well‐known white truffle T. magnatum, 3‐methyl‐2,4‐dithiapentane was detected from the ripe T. japonicum. The chemical components of T. japonicum showed no clear difference with those of edible truffles T. magnatum and T. melanosporum. It was rich in crude protein, crude fiber, and minerals (especially potassium), and low in crude fat. Glutamine and glutamic acid were detected in T. japonicum as free amino acids, while T. magnatum contained a large amount of alanine. Acute oral toxicity tests showed no abnormality, with an LD50 value of over 2000 mg/kg under the test conditions. The present study may support future market distribution of T. japonicum as a high‐class foodstuff.
MicroRNAs and exosomes: Small molecules with big actions in multiple myeloma pathogenesis
Authors: Pourhanifeh Mohammad H. , Mahjoubin‐Tehran Maryam , Shafiee Alimohammad , Hajighadimi Sarah , Moradizarmehri Sanaz , Mirzaei Hamed , Asemi Zatollah
Published: December 2019

Multiple myeloma (MM), an incurable hematologic malignancy of plasma cells increasing in the bone marrow (BM), has a complex microenvironment made to support proliferation, survival, and drug resistance of tumor cells. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), short non‐coding RNAs regulating genes expression at posttranscriptional level, have been indicated to be functionally deregulated or abnormally expressed in MM cells. Moreover, by means of miRNAs, tumor microenvironment also modulates the function of MM cells. Consistently, it has been demonstrated that miRNA levels regulation impairs their interaction with the microenvironment of BM as well as create considerable antitumor feature even capable of overcoming the protective BM milieu. Communication between cancer stromal cells and cancer cells is a key factor in tumor progression. Finding out this interaction is important to develop effective approaches that reverse bone diseases. Exosomes, nano‐vehicles having crucial roles in cell‐to‐cell communication, through targeting their cargos (i.e., miRNAs, mRNAs, DNAs, and proteins), are implicated in MM pathogenesis.
Synthesis and anticancer evaluation of some novel N,O,S heterocyclic compounds pendant to 3‐methyl‐5‐cyano‐6‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)pyrimidine and other related fused pyrimidines
Authors: Gouhar Rasha S. , Kamel Mohsen M. , Soliman Ahmed A.F.
Published: December 2019

The key starting compound 5‐cyano‐6‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐2‐thiouracil (1) was synthesized and allowed to undergo electrophilic substitution with methyl iodide to give the corresponding 6‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)‐4‐oxo‐2‐thioxo‐1,2,3,4‐tetrahydro‐pyrimidine‐5‐carbonitrile (2). Nucleophilic substitution on compound 2 with hydrazine hydrate led to the corresponding 2‐hyrazinopyrimidone intermediate 3. Compound 3 underwent several substitution and cyclization reactions with β‐ketoester, β‐ketone, alkyl halides, arylisothiocyanate, or aromatic aldehydes followed by cyclization reactions to give the corresponding N,O,S heterocyclic compounds incorporated into pyrimidine moiety and/or the related S‐triazino[3,4‐b]pyrimidine derivatives 4‐18. Anticancer evaluation of some representative examples of newly synthesized compounds was carried out against MCF‐7, HCT116 cell lines. Some of the newly synthesized compounds showed significant activity.
Mismatch repair status predicts survival after adjuvant treatment in stage II colon cancer patients
Authors: Gkekas I. , Novotny J. , Fabian P. , Nemecek R. , Palmqvist R. , Strigård K. , John S. , Pecen L. , Reginacova K. , Gunnarsson U.
Published: December 2019

Background and Objectives

Stage II colon cancer is primarily a surgical disease. Only a still not well‐defined subset of patients may benefit from postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. The relationship between adjuvant chemotherapy and survival after relapse is furthermore still not definitely explored in this group of patients. A number of reports suggest some association between defective mismatch repair (dMMR) and colorectal cancer stage II prognosis, but due to contradictory results from existing studies, the exact predictive role is still not fully understood.

Methods

Retrospective multicenter study including 451 stage II colon cancer patients. The proficiency or deficiency of mismatch repair was tested using immunohistochemistry and analyzed in relationship to two survival outcomes: overall survival (OS) and postrelapse survival.

Results

Patients with dMMR (20.4%) derived no OS benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio [HR], 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.47‐2.38; P = .897). Patients with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) tumors receiving adjuvant chemotherapy had the significantly better OS in comparison to those not receiving chemotherapy (HR, 0.54; 95% CI, 0.35‐0.82; P = .004). This relationship remained significant in multivariable analysis (HR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.22‐0.78; P = .007). Patients with pMMR relapsing after adjuvant treatment lived significantly longer than those relapsing without previous adjuvant treatment (HR, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.32‐0.96; P = .033) and this result remained significant in the multivariable model (HR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.26‐0.93; P = .030).

Conclusion

In stage II CC patients, adjuvant chemotherapy improves therapeutic outcomes only in patients with pMMR tumors. Survival after relapse in patients having received adjuvant chemotherapy is significantly longer for patients with pMMR. No survival benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy was seen among patients with dMMR tumors.
In‐situ preparation of porous monolithic polymer inside hollow fiber as a micro‐solid phase extraction device for glucocorticoids in cosmetics
Authors: Wei Aixia , Muhammad Turghun , Aihebaier Sailemayi , Muhammad Imran , Wu Beibei , Ge Jing , Ayupbek Amatjan
Published: December 2019

Glucocorticoids have a certain whitening effect on the skin. However, frequent and long‐term use of cosmetics including glucocorticoids is harmful to health. Herein, we proposed a novel micro‐solid phase extraction method for the detection of prednisolone acetate, prednisone, and prednisolone in cosmetics coupled with high‐performance liquid chromatography. In this method, porous monolithic polymer micro‐extraction bars were prepared by “one‐step, one‐pot” in situ photopolymerization combined with sacrificial support in hollow fiber under water atmosphere. The crucial factors such as pH of sample solution, extraction, and elution times that influence micro‐extraction were optimized and found to be 9.0, 2 h, and 32 min, respectively. Under the optimum experimental conditions, the linear range of the calibration curves were from 5.0 to 2000 µg/L with correlation coefficients (R2) between 0.9922 and 0.9996. The limit of detection and limit of quantification were 1.5 µg/L and 5.0 µg/L, respectively, and the recoveries were found to be in range of 69.0–113.3%. The analysis of precision for intraday and interday were less than 10.40 and 10.59%. The device has been successfully achieved photopolymerization under water atmosphere. The results indicated that this method is simple, accurate, and satisfactory for the pretreatment and determination of glucocorticoids in complex cosmetics samples.
Increased frequency of FBN1 frameshift and nonsense mutations in Marfan syndrome patients with aortic dissection
Authors: Xu Shijun , Li Lei , Fu Yuwei , Wang Xin , Sun Hairui , Wang Jianbin , Han Lu , Wu Zining , Liu Yongmin , Zhu Junming , Sun Lizhong , Lan Feng , He Yihua , Zhang Hongjia
Published: December 2019

Background

Marfan syndrome (MFS) is an inherited connective tissue disease that mainly involves Fibrillin‐1 (FBN1) mutations and aortic manifestations. In this study, we investigated the correlations between the FBN1 genotype–phenotype and aortic events (aortic dissection and aortic aneurysm) in patients with Marfan syndrome.

Methods

Genotype and phenotype information was evaluated in 180 patients with MFS. DNA sequencing was performed on each patient. According to the clinical manifestation, these patients were split into two groups: the aortic dissection group and the aortic aneurysm group. Aortic wall tissue was obtained from Marfan patients who underwent surgery and was used for staining.

Results

A total of 180 patients with FBN1 mutations were grouped into four categories: 90 with missense mutations, 32 with splicing mutations, 29 with frameshift mutations, and 29 with nonsense mutations. There was a significantly higher frequency of frameshift and nonsense mutations observed in aortic dissection than in aortic aneurysm (25.58% vs. 4.35%, p = .005; 25.58% vs. 8.70%, p = .033, respectively;), while missense mutations showed a higher frequency in aortic aneurysm than in aortic dissection (69.57% vs. 32.56%, respectively; p < .001) and a higher rate of lens dislocation (34.78% vs. 13.95%, respectively; p = .008). Pathological staining showed that elastic fibers were sparser in patients with a frameshift and nonsense mutations, and the smooth muscle cells were sparser and more disorganized than those observed in patients with missense mutations.

Conclusion

This study showed that FBN1 gene frameshift and nonsense mutations are more common in patients with aortic dissection and may have meaningful guidance for the treatment of Marfan syndrome patients.
MUBD‐DecoyMaker 2.0: A Python GUI Application to Generate Maximal Unbiased Benchmarking Data Sets for Virtual Drug Screening
Authors: Xia Jie , Li Shan , Ding Yu , Wu Song , Wang Xiang Simon
Published: December 2019

Ligand enrichment assessment based on benchmarking data sets has become a necessity for the rational selection of the best‐suited approach for prospective data mining of drug‐like molecules. Up to now, a variety of benchmarking data sets had been generated and frequently used. Among them, MUBD‐HDACs from our prior research efforts was regarded as one of five state‐of‐the‐art benchmarks in 2017 by Frontiers in Pharmacology. This benchmarking set was generated by one of our unique de‐biasing algorithms. It also rendered quite a few other cases of successful applications in recent years, thus is expected to have more impact in modern drug discovery. To make our algorithm amenable to more users, we developed a Python GUI application called MUBD‐DecoyMaker 2.0. Moreover, it has two new additional functional modules, i. e. “Detect 2D Bias” and “Quality Control”. This new GUI version had been proved to be easy to use while generate benchmarking data sets of the same quality. MUBD‐DecoyMaker 2.0 is freely available at https://github.com/jwxia2014/MUBD‐DecoyMaker2.0, along with its manual and testcase.
Coupling analysis of multiple linear antennas fed by coaxial lines on electronic system with a time domain hybrid method
Authors: Ye Zhihong , Ru Mengzu , Shi Yanchao , Wu Xiaolin
Published: December 2019

Due to the shielding structures of electronic system and coaxial lines feeding the antennas are complex, full‐wave algorithms applied for the coupling analysis of multiple linear antennas on electronic system excited by ambient wave should occupy amount of memories by meshing the structures of coaxial lines and electronic system in fine grid, which may affect the computation efficiency. This paper presents a time domain hybrid method, which consisting of thin wire finite‐difference time domain (FDTD) method, transmission line (TL) equations, higher order FDTD scheme, and an auto mesh generator technique. In this method, the thin wire FDTD combined with the auto mesh generator technique is utilized to mesh the shielding structure of electronic system rapidly and obtain the current responses on the conductor columns of linear antennas, which are extracted equivalent current sources for the further coupling analysis of coaxial lines. And then the TL equations are adopted to build the coupling models of coaxial lines, and solved by the higher order FDTD scheme to compute the transient responses on the coaxial lines and terminal loads of the lines. This method has one significant feature is that it can avoid modeling the structures of linear antennas and coaxial lines directly. The accuracy of this method has been verified by comparing with the simulation software Computer Simulation Technology (CST) via the coupling simulations of one and three linear antennas on electronic system excited by ambient plane wave.
Realization of real‐time OFDM‐based visible light communication using an InGaN/GaN multiquantum‐wells LED
Authors: Tao Zhiyuan , Guan Xiaojun , Wei Zhengjun , Liu Ningyang , Liu Yian , Xu Yiqin
Published: December 2019

This paper presents a real‐time OFDM‐based visible light communication (VLC) system utilizing a single InGaN/GaN multiquantum‐wells (MQWs) light emitting diode (LED). An MQWs LED with 3 dB electrical bandwidth of 23.8 MHz is developed as the transmitting device. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is employed to ensure the LED bandwidth is fully used, and the system is designed and implemented on a field‐programmable gate array platform to realize real‐time communication. The real‐time OFDM‐VLC system achieves a rate of 96 Mbit/s at the distance of 2 m, and the bit error ratio (BER) is 2.25 × 10−3, which is below the forward error correction (FEC) limit.
Black silicon back‐contact module with wide light acceptance angle
Authors: Ortega Pablo , Garín Moises , von Gastrow Guillaume , Savisalo Tuukka , Tolvanen Antti , Vahlman Henri , Vähänissi Ville , Pasanen Toni P. , Carrió David , Savin Hele , Alcubilla Ramón
Published: December 2019

In this work, a photovoltaic mini‐module combining interdigitated back‐contacted solar cells with black silicon in the front was implemented as a proof of concept. The module consists of nine solar cells connected in series with an active area of 86.5 cm2. Both the assembly and panel encapsulation were made using industrial back‐contact module technology. Noticeable photovoltaic efficiencies of 18.1% and 19.9% of the whole module and the best individual cell of the module, respectively, demonstrate that fragile nanostructures can withstand standard module fabrication stages. Open‐circuit voltage and fill factor values of 5.76 V and 81.6%, respectively, reveal that series interconnection between cells works as expected, confirming a good ohmic contact between cell busbars and the conductive backsheet. Additionally, the excellent quasi‐omnidirectional antireflection properties of black silicon surfaces prevail at module level, as it is corroborated by light incidence angle dependence measurements of the short‐circuit current parameter.
Sensor‐based evaluation of maize (Zea mays) and weed response to post‐emergence herbicide applications of Isoxaflutole and Cyprosulfamide applied as crop seed treatment or herbicide mixing partner
Authors: Mink Robin , Linn Alexander Ingo , Santel Hans‐Joachim , Gerhards Roland
Published: December 2019

BACKGROUND

Some maize post‐emergence herbicides obtain their crop/weed selectivity only through the use of chemical crop safeners. Safeners improve the tolerance of maize to herbicidal active ingredients. In order to investigate the crop response to safener (cyprosulfamide) spray application and seed treatment, greenhouse and field trials were conducted on three maize development stages (2‐, 4‐, and 6‐leaf stage). Visual estimations on crop vitality were compared to ground‐based and airborne hyperspectral and multispectral sensors.

RESULTS

The reduction of cyprosulfamide by 88% when applied as seed treatment did not significantly reduce maize biomass yields at the field. The crop deterioration in both trials was stronger in the cyprosulfamide seed treatments compared to the spray applications but was found to be transient in the field trial. The hyperspectral sensor and multispectral camera data correlated with R2 = 0.84 (CropSpec Vegetation Index) and R2 = 0.64 (Green Normalized Difference Vegetation Index).

CONCLUSION

The sensor‐based collection of crop responses to treatments enables early, quantifiable and auditor‐independent assessments. In particular, the airborne multispectral imagery assessment of field experiments provides more detailed and comprehensive information than visually collected data. © 2019 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Enhanced extended‐range predictability of the 2018 late‐winter Eurasian cold spell due to the stratosphere
Authors: Kautz Lisa‐Ann , Polichtchouk Inna , Birner Thomas , Garny Hella , Pinto Joaquim G.
Published: December 2019

A severe cold spell with surface temperatures reaching 10 K below its climatology hit Eurasia during late February/early March 2018. This cold spell was associated with a Scandinavian blocking pattern followed by an extreme negative North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phase. Here we explore the predictability of this cold spell/NAO event using ensemble forecasts from the Subseasonal‐to‐Seasonal (S2S) archive of the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts. We find that this event was predicted with the observed strength roughly 10 days in advance. However, the probability of the cold spell occurring doubled up to 25 days in advance, when a sudden stratospheric warming (SSW) occurred. Our results indicate that the amplitude of the cold spell was increased by a regime shift to the negative NAO phase at the end of February, which was likely favoured by the SSW. We quantify the contribution of the SSW to the enhanced extended‐range forecast skill for this particular event by running forecast ensembles in which the evolution of the stratosphere is nudged to (a) the observed evolution, and (b) a time‐invariant state. In the experiment with nudging to the observed stratospheric evolution, the probability of a strong cold spell occurring is enhanced to 45%, while it is at its climatological value of 5% when the stratosphere is nudged to a time‐invariant state. These results showing enhanced predictability of surface extremes following SSWs extend previous observational evidence, which is mostly based on composite analyses, to a single event. Our results suggest that it is the subsequent evolution throughout the lower stratosphere following the SSW, rather than the occurrence of the SSW itself, that is crucial in coupling to large‐scale tropospheric flow patterns. However, we caution that probabilistic gain in predictability alone is insufficient to conclude a causal link between the SSW and the cold spell event.
Light‐induced excited spin‐state trapping in spin crossover model system
Authors: Karmakar Shiladitya , Ghosh Debashree , Saha‐Dasgupta Tanusri
Published: December 2019

We computationally investigate the light‐induced excited spin‐state trapping (LIESST) in a spin crossover (SCO) model system, derived out of [Fe(abpt)2(NCS)2] consisting of Fe(II) SCO center coordinated by bidenate as well as monodentate ligands. For this purpose, we use two complementary techniques: (a) time‐dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) with the choice of different exchange‐correlation functional and (b) multireference approach of complete active space self‐consistent field and complete active‐space second‐order perturbation (CASPT2) theory. We calculate the potential energy curves (PECs) of low‐energy states, as well as spin‐orbit couplings at crossing points of these PECs. Inputting these pieces of information, and the information related to nuclear degrees of freedom within the Franck‐Condon theory, we compute the relaxation rates of possible LIESST mechanisms, as suggested by the two approaches. Based on our findings, we conclude that TDDFT may not be an unreasonable approach to estimate the relaxation rates of real complexes, consisting of several tens to several hundreds of atoms, given its computationally inexpensive nature compared with that of the multireference approaches.
Flip rearrangement in the water pentamer: Analysis of electronic structure
Authors: Xu Tianlv , Bin Xin , Kirk Steven R. , Wales David J. , Jenkins Samantha
Published: December 2019

Tunneling pathways of the flip rearrangement between permutation‐inversion isomers corresponding to the energetically degenerate global energy minima of (H2O)5 are analyzed in terms of the electronic structure. We demonstrate that charge density‐based scalar measures quantify the responses of the bonding to the flip rearrangement and we discovered a high degree of continuity of the values that depend on the presence of the sliding motion of the bond critical point relative to the oxygen atom. The scalar measures can distinguish the pairs of permutation‐inversion isomers everywhere except at the transition state due to the asymmetrical energy barrier; however, they cannot determine the most and least facile directions of the flip rearrangement. The vector or directional character of the two sides of the pathway is captured by the stress tensor trajectories constructed in a non‐Cartesian space, defined by the variation of the position of the bond critical point. The stress tensor trajectories are presented in terms that enable bond‐flexing, bond‐twist, and bond‐anharmonicity of the flip rearrangement between permutation‐inversion isomers to be quantified. The stress tensor trajectories can distinguish the isomers at the transition state and demonstrate that the clockwise and counter‐clockwise directions of the flip rearrangement are the most and least facile respectively.
The role of coastal processes in the management of the mouth of the River Murray, Australia: Present and future challenges
Authors: Thom Bruce , Rocheta Eytan , Steinfeld Celine , Harvey Nick , Pittock Jamie , Cowell Peter
Published: December 2019

The Murray–Darling Basin is the largest river system in Australia to enter the sea. Prior to regulation of water flows, the Murray Mouth remained open to the sea even during droughts. An open mouth assists in sustaining the ecology of a Ramsar listed wetland and enables the flushing of salt, nutrients, and suspended sediments to the sea. Construction of barrages designed to prevent saltwater ingress has separated the estuary into two sections, a set of freshwater lakes and a saline tidal lagoon area, creating a unique set of management challenges. Under current overextraction of water resources upstream, river flows have been largely insufficient to counter wave and tide processes, which propel marine sands thereby constricting the Murray Mouth. Dredging has been required to maintain an open entrance. Managing this system is part of a 2012 agreement between state and federal governments, through the Murray–Darling Basin Plan. This plan recognizes a healthy end of system; however, the hydrological models failed to factor in the power of the sea in blocking the Murray Mouth. The plan requires that there will be sufficient river flows for the mouth to be open 95% of the time without dredging. Currently, sand ingress from the sea requires dredging most of the time. It is unlikely that there will be sufficient river flows to counteract continued sequestration of marine sand into the mouth. Sea level rise and decreased rainfall in the southern half of the Basin under climate change conditions will require a review of management options to prevent the long‐term degradation of the end of system.
Suppressing Cation Migration and Reducing Particle Cracks in a Layered Fe‐Based Cathode for Advanced Sodium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Xu Jialu , Han Zhen , Jiang Kezhu , Bai Peilai , Liang Yue , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Peng , Guo Shaohua , Zhou Haoshen
Published: December 2019

Sodium‐ion batteries have huge potential in large‐scale energy storage applications. Layered Fe‐based oxides are one of the desirable cathode materials due to abundance in the earth crust and high activity in electrochemical processes. However, Fe‐ion migration to Na layers is one of the major hurdles leading to irreversible structural degradation. Herein, it is revealed that distinct Fe‐ion migration in cycling NaFeO2 (NFO) should be mainly responsible for the strong local lattice strain and resulting particle cracks, all of which results in the deterioration of electrochemical performance. More importantly, a strategy of Ru doping could effectively suppress the Fe‐ion migration and then reduce the local lattice strain and the particle cracks, finally to greatly enhance the sodium storage performance. Atomic‐scale characterization shows that NFO electrode after cycling presents the intense lattice strain locally, accompanied by the remarkable particle cracks. Whereas, Ru‐doped NFO electrode maintains the well‐ordered layered structure by inhibiting the Fe–O distortion, so as to eliminate the resulting side effect. As a result, Ru‐doped NFO could greatly improve the comprehensive electrochemical performance by delivering a reversible capacity of 120 mA h g−1, about 80% capacity retention after 100 cycles. The findings provide new insights for designing high‐performance electrodes for sodium‐ion batteries.
Adaptive Markov‐based approach for dynamic virtual machine consolidation in cloud data centers with quality‐of‐service constraints
Authors: Monshizadeh Naeen Hossein , Zeinali Esmaeil , Toroghi Haghighat Abolfazl
Published: December 2019

Dynamic virtual machine (VM) consolidation is one of the emerging technologies that has been considered for low‐cost computing in cloud data centers. Quality‐of‐service (QoS) assurance is one of the challenging issues in the VM consolidation problem since it is directly affected by the increase of resource utilization due to the consolidations. In this paper, we take advantage of Markov chain models to propose a novel approach for VM consolidation that can be used to explicitly set a desired level of QoS constraint in a data center to ensure the QoS goals while improving system utilization. For this purpose, an energy‐efficient and QoS‐aware best fit decreasing algorithm for VM placement is proposed, which considers QoS objective when determining the location of a migrating VM. This algorithm employs an online transition matrix estimator method to deal with the nonstationary nature of real workload data. We also propose new policies for detecting overloaded and underloaded hosts. The performance of our proposed algorithms is evaluated through simulations. The results show that the proposed VM consolidation algorithms in this paper outperforms the benchmark algorithms in terms of energy consumption, service‐level agreement violations, and other cost factors.
From the deliberate managerial strategy towards international business performance: A psychic distance vs. global mindset approach
Authors: Vătămănescu Elena‐Mădălina , Alexandru Vlad‐Andrei , Mitan Andreea , Dabija Dan‐Cristian
Published: December 2019

The current paper aims to address, within a comprehensive framework, two different facets of the internationalization strategies of small and medium‐sized enterprises, that is, the roles of psychic distance and global mindset within managerial dyadic collaborations. By considering cross‐border ventures as outcomes of deliberate managerial strategies in the quest for achieving international business performance, the study lays emphasis on several dimensions apposite to each of the two constructs, namely, geographic distance and intercultural compatibility for the psychic distance and trust‐based relationships and network‐based connectivity for the global mindset. A questionnaire‐based survey with top managers from 112 European industrial small and medium‐sized enterprises was conducted, the data being processed by means of a structural equation modelling technique. The findings showed that the structural model accounts for 63.9% of the variance in international business performance, whereas the dimensions of psychic distance exert significant positive influences on the endogenous variable.
Physical and Rheological Characteristics of Hydroxypropyl, Acid‐Thinned Tapioca Starch‐Based Plasma Expander for Blood Volume Replacement
Authors: Sookkasem Atitaya , Luang‐ni Paweena , Wansuksri Rungtiva , Lertpanich Sirithorn , Piyachomkwan Kuakoon , Chatpun Surapong
Published: December 2019

Plasma expander (PE) is fluid administered to instantly restore intravascular volume after massive blood loss. PEs can be prepared from various types of polymers such as dextran, albumin, and starch derivatives. This study investigates an alternative source of starch for PEs, that is, hydroxypropyl, acid‐thinned tapioca starch (HPS). HPS is dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride solution at different concentrations (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%). The physical and rheological properties (turbidity, pH, colloid osmotic pressure (COP), and viscosity) and storage stability are compared with 6% of hydroxyethyl starch (6% HES 130/0.4). It clearly demonstrates that turbidity, COP, and viscosity of HPS‐based PE increase when the concentration of HPS increases. The pH of the HPS‐based PE is higher than that of the 6% HES 130/0.4. The viscosity of 6% HPS‐based PE is close to 6% HES 130/0.4 that shows a Newtonian fluid behavior. The COP of 8% HPS‐based PE is similar to 6% HES 130/0.4. After storing for 4 weeks, the viscosity of each concentration is of similar value compared to Day 1. Using a hydroxypropyl tapioca starch as PE has more advantages than HES‐based PE, HPS can be prepared more economically and safely, on a commercial scale, than HES.
Memory models in symbolic execution: key ideas and new thoughts
Authors: Borzacchiello Luca , Coppa Emilio , Cono D'Elia Daniele , Demetrescu Camil
Published: December 2019

Symbolic execution is a popular program analysis technique that allows seeking for bugs by reasoning over multiple alternative execution states at once. As the number of states to explore may grow exponentially, a symbolic executor may quickly run out of space. For instance, a memory access to a symbolic address may potentially reference the entire address space, leading to a combinatorial explosion of the possible resulting execution states. To cope with this issue, state‐of‐the‐art executors either concretize symbolic addresses that span memory intervals larger than some threshold or rely on advanced capabilities of modern satisfiability modulo theories solvers. Unfortunately, concretization may result in missing interesting execution states, for example, where a bug arises, while offloading the entire problem to constraint solvers can lead to very large query times. In this article, we first contribute to systematizing knowledge about memory models for symbolic execution, discussing how four mainstream symbolic executors deal with symbolic addresses. We then introduce MemSight, a new approach to symbolic memory that reduces the need for concretization: rather than mapping address instances to data as previous approaches do, our technique maps symbolic address expressions to data, maintaining the possible alternative states resulting from the memory referenced by a symbolic address in a compact, implicit form. Experiments on prominent programs show that MemSight, which we implemented in both Angr and Klee, enables the exploration of states that are unreachable for memory models that perform concretization and provides a performance level comparable with memory models relying on advanced solver theories.
The entropy of bulk quantum fields and the entanglement wedge of an evaporating black hole
Authors: Almheiri Ahmed , Engelhardt Netta , Marolf Donald , Maxfield Henry
Published: December 2019

Abstract

Bulk quantum fields are often said to contribute to the generalized entropy

$$ \frac{A}{4{G}_N}+{S}_{\mathrm{bulk}} $$

A

4

G
N

+

S
bulk

only at O(1). Nonetheless, in the context of evaporating black holes, O(1/GN ) gradients in S
bulk can arise due to large boosts, introducing a quantum extremal surface far from any classical extremal surface. We examine the effect of such bulk quantum effects on quantum extremal surfaces (QESs) and the resulting entanglement wedge in a simple two-boundary 2d bulk system defined by Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity coupled to a 1+1 CFT. Turning on a coupling between one boundary and a further external auxiliary system which functions as a heat sink allows a two-sided otherwise-eternal black hole to evaporate on one side. We find the generalized entropy of the QES to behave as expected from general considerations of unitarity, and in particular that ingoing information disappears from the entanglement wedge after a scambling time

$$ \frac{\beta }{2\pi}\log \varDelta S+O(1) $$

β

2
π

log
ΔS
+
O

1

in accord with expectations for holographic implementations of the Hayden-Preskill protocol. We also find an interesting QES phase transition at what one might call the Page time for our process.
Critical Review of Exposure and Effects: Implications for Setting Regulatory Health Criteria for Ingested Copper
Authors: Taylor Alicia A. , Tsuji Joyce S. , Garry Michael R. , McArdle Margaret E. , Goodfellow William L. , Adams William J. , Menzie Charles A.
Published: December 2019

Decades of study indicate that copper oral exposures are typically not a human health concern. Ingesting high levels of soluble copper salts can cause acute gastrointestinal symptoms and, in uncommon cases, liver toxicity in susceptible individuals with repeated exposure. This focused toxicological review evaluated the current literature since the last comprehensive reviews (2007–2010). Our review identified limitations in the existing United States and international guidance for determining an oral reference dose (RfD) for essential metals like copper. Instead, an alternative method using categorical regression analysis to develop an optimal dose that considers deficiency, toxicity, and integrates information from human and animal studies was reviewed for interpreting an oral RfD for copper. We also considered subchronic or chronic toxicity from genetic susceptibility to copper dysregulation leading to rare occurrences of liver and other organ toxicity with elevated copper exposure. Based on this approach, an oral RfD of 0.04 mg Cu/kg/day would be protective of acute or chronic toxicity in adults and children. This RfD is also protective for possible genetic susceptibility to elevated copper exposure and allows for background dietary exposures. This dose is not intended to be protective of patients with rare genetic disorders for copper sensitivity within typical nutritional intake ranges, nor is it protective for those with excessive supplement intake. Less soluble mineral forms of copper in soil have reduced bioavailability as compared with more soluble copper in water and diet, which should be considered in using this RfD for risk assessments of copper.