bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Changing Role and Strategies of the IMF and the Perspectives for the Emerging Countries
Authors: CARVALHO FERNANDO J. CARDIM DE
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT The IMF was created right after World War II to manage an international payments system based on fixed exchange rates. In its early years the Fund’s remedy to balance-of-payments crises consisted in reducing domestic aggregate demand. As a result, its policies were seen as recessive. With the collapse of the fixed exchange rates system in the early 70s, the Fund lost its clients in the developed world and turned to developing countries. In the Fund’s approach, developing countries suffered crises not because of temporary maladjustments between aggregate supply and demand but because of structural problems. Accordingly, the Fund began to impose structural reforms as conditionalities for its loans, curbing the autonomy of developing countries to adopt the policies they would see as favorable to growth.
An evidence-based relationship between technical assistance and productivity in cocoa from Tocache, Peru
Authors: Higuchi Angie , Coq-Huelva Daniel , Vasco Cristian , Alfalla-Luque Rafaela , Maehara Rocío
Published: February 2022

Abstract The growth of small-scale Peruvian farmers is highly dependent on cocoa factor productivity. Agricultural extension programs can help to improve farm productivity using available resources. Thus, the objective of this study is to estimate the productivity of Peruvian cocoa farming and identify if frequent technical assistance impacts on farmers’ technical efficiency. The data came from a survey of 379 cocoa farmers in Tocache, San Martin (177 producers who sell through intermediaries and 202 who are cooperative members), conducted between January and June 2015. This article is supported by the interaction of two associated techniques: the production function and the technical efficiency technique based on stochastic frontier analysis (SFA). The key findings were that the estimated coefficients for labor, capital, land and fertilizer were positive to cocoa production. Our outcomes also show there is a (marginally) significant relationship between technical assistance and technical efficiency (p-value<10%). There is also a positive relationship between efficiency and other socioeconomic characteristics of being a male, having experience in cocoa cultivation and practicing non-diversification in other crops. Policymakers could consider these results to improve farm management systems and, therefore, the competitiveness of the cocoa plantations in the Peruvian Amazonia.
Determinant factors of the Rural Warehouse Condominium collective action model
Authors: Filippi Amanda Cristina Gaban , Cunha Cleyzer Adrian da , Guarnieri Patricia , Wander Alcido Elenor
Published: February 2022

Abstract The Rural Collective Actions are presented with the aim of facing and overcoming difficulties and particularities of the agricultural business, as well as obtaining gains and advantages, in an environment that suffers from constant transformations. This study investigates which reasons determine the choice of the Rural Collective Action model Rural Warehouse Condominium, under the perspective of the Theory of Logic of Collective Action. For this purpose, we conducted the Statistical Analysis, Multiple Correspondence and Correlation Analysis. The results indicate motivating factors for the rural model through Social, Logistics, Political, Economic, Management and Collective Action Logic variables, being of more significant burden: (i) smaller collective actions are easier to promote collective interest; (ii) rural producers work together to promote common interests; (iii) in a small collective group, individual efforts have a higher influence on results; and, (iv) the smaller is the collective group, the closer is the individual will be to achieving collective benefits. The correlation analysis shows stronger relationships between cost reduction with freight and cost reduction with transport (0.833); and, between the lack of financing lines for small and medium producers and the lack of financing lines for agricultural warehouse (0.741).
CORYNEBACTERIUM PSEUDOTUBERCULOSIS EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF GOATS MAMARY GLAND
Authors: Pinheiro Junior J.W. , Oliveira A.A.F. , Alves F.S.F. , Silva L.B.G. , Rabelo S.S.A. , Mota R.A.
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT The objective of this study is to describe some aspects of the pathogeny of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis, isolated from a natural case of caseous lymphadenitis. The study was comprised with 2 groups of 3 animals each; inoculated with a C. pseudotuberculosis strain, group 1 (GI) via intra dermal and group 2 (GII) via the mammary gland. The animals were clinically examined on a daily basis and hemograms carried out over a period of time at different intervals. Only 2 animals from GII showed changes in the clinical examination characterized by hyperthermia. All the animals in both groups developed papule and edema at the inoculation site. There were no significant alterations in the erythrogram but in the leucogram there was leucocytosis indicated by the presence of neutrophilia in 2 animals from GII. Results of the cellular analysis of the gland showed that 2 animals from GII developed acute mastitis. This experiment has proven that C. pseudotuberculosis, isolated from a natural infection of caseous lymphadenitis, could cause clinical mastitis, losses in goat keeping and that the expression cytology test could be used as an alternative diagnosis for mastitis.
TÉCNICAS PARA AVALIAÇÃO DO EFEITO “IN VITRO” DE FUNGICIDAS SOBRE BACILLUS THURINGIENSIS VAR. KURSTAKI
Authors: Silva E.R.L. , Alves L.F.A. , Sene L. , Santos J. , Bonini A.K. , Potrich M. , Neves P.M.O.J.
Published: February 2022

RESUMO Objetivou-se comparar técnicas para a avaliação “in vitro” do efeito de fungicidas sobre Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk). Foram testados os fungicidas epoxiconazole, fentin hidróxido, azoxystrobin, tebuconazole e carbendazin em duas concentrações, sobre células e esporos, em ágar nutriente (AN)-sólido (MS) e caldo nutriente (CN)-líquido (ML), além da metabolização (MT) destes por Btk. Para células em AN, os fungicidas foram testados incorporados ao meio e em discos de papel-filtro. Avaliou-se, respectivamente, as UFC/mL e a formação de halo de inibição. Para células, a mistura Bt + produtos + CN foi incubada em erlemmeyers (30 ± 2° C, 150 rpm, 24h), e em seguida, diluida e inoculada em AN, avaliandose o número de UFC/mL. Os testes de MT e esporos foram realizados em líquido (água). O efeito dos produtos variou conforme a concentração, técnica, tempo de contato e fase/estágio do desenvolvimento do patógeno. O teste ML é o mais indicado para a avaliação do efeito em células, sendo observado que a maioria dos fungicidas mostrou-se compatível com as mesmas, e apenas epoxiconazole e azoxystrobin foram metabolizados. Fentin hidróxido foi o único incompatível com esporos.
HIMENÓPTEROS PARASITÓIDES (INSECTA, HYMENOPTERA) EM ÁREA AGRÍCOLA DE RIO CLARO, SP, BRASIL
Authors: Souza L. , Braga S.M.P. , Campos M.J.O.
Published: February 2022

RESUMO Entre maio de 2003 e junho de 2004 foram coletados, com armadilha de Moericke, no Município de Rio Claro (22º20’S, 47º32’O), SP, Brasil, 5.308 indivíduos de himenópteros parasitóides pertencentes a 8 superfamílias e 22 famílias. As famílias Mymaridae, Encyrtidae, Scelionidae e Platygastridae foram as mais comuns, com freqüência relativa de 30,88%, 19,05%, 14,96% e 6,69%, respectivamente, com relação ao total de parasitóides coletados. As demais 18 famílias foram coletadas em freqüência menor do que 5%.
Videogravação e videofeedback no ensino-aprendizagem de habilidades de exame físico
Authors: Oliveira Leonam Costa , Paz Francisco Lucas Lima da , Medeiros Ana Andreza Albuquerque , Conceição Eduardo Pinto , Guimarães Any Carolina Cardoso , Pinto Antonione Santos Bezerra
Published: February 2022

Resumo: Introdução: O ensino de habilidades de exame físico, parte integrante e obrigatória dos currículos de escolas médicas, ocorre, tradicionalmente, com uma abordagem baseada na “demonstração e prática”, e, embora existam outros modelos, não há, até o momento, nenhuma evidência de que um seja superior ao outro. Inovações nessa área são apontadas como caminho para suprir as deficiências de ensino-aprendizagem. Objetivo: Este estudo teve como objetivos descrever a incorporação da videogravação e do videofeedback no ensino-aprendizagem de habilidades de exame físico e avaliar a eficácia desses recursos. Método: Foi realizado um estudo historicamente controlado antes e depois da intervenção com alunos do primeiro ano de um curso de Medicina. O grupo de intervenção, em que se aplicaram a videogravação e o videofeedback, foi constituído de 91 alunos do semestre 2019.2, e o grupo controle contou com 72 alunos do semestre 2018.1. Ambas as turmas realizaram duas avaliações teóricas somativas (T1 e T2) e duas práticas, no formato de um exame clínico objetivo estruturado (OSCE). Na análise estatística comparativa das notas de ambas as turmas, utilizaram-se os testes não paramétricos da soma de postos de Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney. Resultado: A mediana das notas das avaliações práticas (primeiro e segundo OSCEs) de 2019 foram maiores do que as de 2018. Constatou-se ainda que a turma de 2019 teve uma evolução positiva das suas notas práticas passando de uma mediana de 11,6 no primeiro OSCE para 13,85 no segundo OSCE, o que também ocorreu com as provas teóricas (p < 0,05). Já na turma de 2018, houve queda da mediana das notas da T1 para T2 e do primeiro OSCE para o segundo OSCE, mas sem significância estatística. Conclusão: A incorporação da videogravação e videofeedback no ensino-aprendizagem de habilidades de exame físico entre graduandos do primeiro ano do curso de Medicina, em ambientes simulados, mostrou-se efetiva na melhora do desempenho dos discentes em avaliações teóricas e práticas. Essa abordagem se mostra ainda como meio de desenvolvimento e aplicação de uma aprendizagem motora observacional, reflexiva, experiencial e da metacognição no ensino-aprendizagem de habilidades de exame físico entre estudantes de Medicina.
Relato de experiência sobre atendimento nutricional em um ambulatório de atendimento de pessoas trans e não binárias: reflexão da abordagem universitária sobre o assunto
Authors: Rizzieri Luiza Bortolatto , Silva Danielle Lodi
Published: February 2022

Pessoas trans enfrentam mazelas sociais e dificuldade de acesso a direitos básicos, como a educação, trabalho e saúde. Deste modo, os ambulatórios especializados para o atendimento de população trans, como é o caso do citado neste estudo, são necessários para garantir um serviço de saúde humanizado, além de prover acesso ao processo transsexualizador pelo Sistema Único de Saúde. O nutricionista tem muito a oferecer para a saúde do indivíduo, pois, a terapia hormonal pode trazer alterações fisiológicas não desejadas pelo paciente, como mudanças do perfil lipídico e ganho de peso. Este tema tem ganhado a atenção de alguns pesquisadores recentemente, no entanto, pouco se fala sobre o atendimento nutricional desta população. O estudo atual, além de ter como objetivo relatar o atendimento nutricional de pessoas trans e não binárias, visa investigar a presença do tema em matrizes curriculares do curso de bacharelado de Nutrição em universidades públicas do Brasil. Foi utilizado o modelo de relato de experiência para detalhar o atendimento nutricional realizado, e pesquisa por palavras-chave nos modelos de planos componentes de aulas, que caracterizassem o tema da saúde da população trans ou LGBTQIA+ nas universidades públicas. No ambulatório, a autora percebeu um grande interesse da população em realizar atendimento nutricional. No entanto, esta temática raramente encontra-se descrita nos cursos de nutrição, sugerindo-se então, a inclusão de uma disciplina, ainda que optativa, sobre a inclusão e importância do atendimento de vários grupos minoritários.
Sustainable urbanism: an evolving field of scholarship and professional practice
Authors: Balsas Carlos J.L.
Published: February 2022

Sustainable urbanism is an evolving field of scholarship and professional practice, especially across the Atlantic Ocean. This research note provides an individual account of how the field emerged and evolved at the turn of the millennium. It utilises some of Jane Jacobs’ thinking to introduce Sustainable Urbanism – History, Economic-Environmental Knowledge, and Professional Practice, while revealing ample future research avenues to strengthen and augment the field's place-based teaching and research dimensions. It does so by presenting a number of contrasting case studies in Portugal (the Iberian Peninsula), the United States (North America), and Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) (Southeast Asia) in terms of size, density, morphology, lifestyles and territorial governance practices, which are key to understanding the main arguments put forward. It is argued that communication of best practices and mutual learning of policy innovations across geo-spatial scales ought to be accentuated in order to improve Jane Jacob's relatively weary, nonetheless pivotal, view of urban planning's reputation to adequately, efficiently, and equitably resolve pressing urban complexities.
How Does Monetary Policy Affect Prices of Corporate Loans?
Authors: Kwak Seung
Published: February 2022

This paper studies the impact of unanticipated monetary policy news around FOMC announcements on secondary market corporate loan spreads. I find that the reaction of loan spreads to monetary policy news is weaker than that of bond spreads: following an unanticipated monetary policy tightening (easing) shock, loan spreads do not increase (decrease) as much as bond spreads do. Decomposition of the spreads into compensations for expected defaults and risk premiums shows that differential reactions of loan and bond risk premiums are the main driver of the differential spread reactions. This paper further finds that the weaker loan spread reactions to monetary policy shocks are more pronounced for riskier loans. Lastly, reactions of primary market loan spreads to monetary policy shocks are also muted. These findings highlight heterogeneous impacts of monetary policy across different types of corporate credit markets, possibly reflecting heterogeneous investor demand responses to monetary policy in those markets.
The impact of climate change on economic and social rights realisation in Nigeria: International cooperation and assistance to the rescue?
Authors: Oamen Philip E , Erhagbe Eunice O
Published: February 2022

The role of international cooperation and assistance in the realisation of economic and social rights has not been given sufficient attention in existing literature. It is also quite concerning that, although the impact of climate change has dominated scholarly debates in recent times, most of the discussions focus on environmental and economic perspectives, with scanty reference to its specific impact on the realisation of economic and social rights. However, the fact is that climate change not only alters the environment, but also adversely affects the realisation of economic and social rights of people, especially the most vulnerable groups of society. This article appraises these adverse effects of climate change in Nigeria and argues for an international cooperation approach towards mitigation and adaptation mechanisms. Drawing on several United Nations human rights and climate change instruments, the article theorises 'contributory and legally obligatory grounds' to affix an international obligation to developed countries in favour of developing countries such as Nigeria, in the latter's efforts to address the socio-economic impact of climate change. However, it notes that international cooperation is complementary, not substitutive of the Nigerian government's obligation to realise economic and social rights with locally-available resources.
The right to 'unlove': The constitutional case for no-fault divorce in Uganda
Authors: Kabumba Busingye
Published: February 2022

This article examines the constitutionality of the requirement to establish certain grounds - adultery, cruelty, desertion, bigamy and others - as a condition for the grant of divorce in Uganda. It begins with an examination of the existing legal framework, including reforms already achieved through public interest litigation, and certain changes sought to be effected via judicial activism. The article then proceeds to an analysis of the human rights issues implicated by a fault-based framework, and a consideration as to whether the public interest-based limitations in this regard pass constitutional muster. Ultimately, it is proposed that the only means of aligning this area of domestic relations law with the Constitution is through the elimination of fault as a requirement for dissolving marital bonds. Such reform would also be consistent with critical public policy concerns, including the welfare of children and the sanctity of marriage itself.
Protocol to secretome investigation of tumor 3D co-culture model v1
Authors: MARIA AP FERNANDES ANNA , Carli Mendes Giulia , Rosini Alex , Corazzi Pelosi Andrea , Maciel Leonardo , F Bueno Luísa , Maria F Silva Lívia , F Bredariol Rafael , de Melo Porcari Andreia , G. Priolli Denise
Published: February 2022

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture technologies, which more closely mimic the complex microenvironment of tissue, are being increasingly evaluated as a tool for the preclinical screening of clinically promising new molecules, and for the study of tissue metabolism. Studies of metabolites released into the extracellular space (secretome) allow understanding the metabolic dynamics of tissues and changes caused by therapeutic interventions. Although quite advanced in the field of proteomics, studies on the secretome of low molecular weight metabolites (< 1500 Da) are still very scarce. We present an untargeted metabolomic protocol based on the hybrid technique of high-performance liquid- chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry for the analysis of low-molecular-weight metabolites released into the culture medium by 3D cultures and coculture (secretoma model). For that, we analayzed HT-29 human colon carcinoma cells and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in 3D-monoculture and 3D-coculture. This protocol represents a possibility to list metabolites released in the extracellular environment in a comprehensive and untargeted manner, opening the way for the generation of metabolic hypotheses that will certainly contribute to the understanding of tissue metabolism, tissue-tissue interactions, and metabolic responses to the most varied interventions. Moreover, it brings potential to determine novel pathways and identify accurate biomarkers in cancer and other diseases. The metabolites indicated in our study have a close relationship with the tumor microenvironment in accordance with the literature review. For the 3D cell culture by levitation we used Bio-Assembler™ system (Bio Science 662840, Greiner One Bio, Americana, Brazil) in the n3D Biosciences and adapted protocol published by: HAISLER, W. L. et al. Three-dimensional cell culturing by magnetic levitation. Nature protocols, v. 8, n. 10, p. 1940-1949, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1038/nprot.2013.125
CIDC_S16_NMR_Celegans_Extraction_Protocol v1
Authors: M Garcia Brianna , Shaver Amanda , Gouveia Goncalo
Published: February 2022

A sample preparation protocol for lyophilized C. elegans samples to be analyzed by NMR spectroscopy
[RETRACTED] Oros CBD Gummies - People Are Crazy Behind CBD Gummies But Side Effects ... Ingredients & Price on Website v1
Authors: CBD Gummies Oros
Published: February 2022

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[RETRACTED] Oros CBD Gummies - Benefit from Skin Pain And More v1
Authors: not provided yabhajdevano
Published: February 2022

[RETRACTED]
[RETRACTED] Oros CBD Gummies Only Proven Way To Cure PCOD v1
Authors: not provided yabhajdevano
Published: February 2022

[RETRACTED]

https://www.protocols.io/view/oros-cbd-gummies-benefit-from-skin-pain-and-more-b5kwq4xe
Indoor active search for adult Aedes sp. and Culex sp. mosquitoes v2
Authors: Santamaria Erika , Muñoz Paola , Marceló Catalina
Published: February 2022

This protocol details the indoor active search carried out in the research project: "Spatial stratification of dengue based on the identification of risk factors: a pilot trial in Cauca, Colombia" Previous studies have reported that, indoors, adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes rest on surfaces such as walls and furniture and generally at a height of less than 1.5 m (Dzul-Manzanilla et al., 2016 & Chadee, 2013). The use of electromechanical aspirators such as the Prokopack aspirator has also been reported (Vazquez-Prokopec et al., 2009) which allows for a relatively easy collection of resting mosquitoes. STEPS: 1) Mosquito collection: Adult mosquitoes will be captured with the Prokopack aspirator at potential resting places inside the dwellings (walls, curtains, behind furniture, behind pictures, behind TV sets, under beds), between AM and PM. Collection shall be carried out for 10-15 minutes inside the household (bedrooms and living rooms). As information of interest for the sampling, most of the houses in the urban areas of Piamonte, Patía and Miranda, Cauca are one-storey houses, but there are also houses with two or even three floors. The walls are generally made of brick plus plaster (a mixture to cover a wall), the roof is made of clay tiles and the floors are made of cement; however, there are more precarious dwellings built with wood walls and roofs (Alcaldía de Patía, 2016). 2) In each household, an e-form designed using ArcGIS 10.8 will be completed with data on the location of the household, predominant construction materials and the results of entomological sampling for adults. 3) Storage of mosquitoes: Collected mosquitoes can be immobilised with chloroform vapour (by placing them Prokopack collection bottle in a plastic bag with cotton wool soaked in chloroform). 4) Mosquitoes should be stored carefully and kept cold at until identification. The vials shall be labelled with the main data such as locality code, house code and date of collection. 4) Pooling: Collected females identified as Ae. aegypti will be pooled in pools of a maximum of 10 adult female mosquitoes per vial with buffer RNA Later® (Dos-reis et al., 2019). The cold chain will be maintained until reaching the INS Entomology Laboratory for subsequent RNA extraction (Pérez-Castro et al.¸2016 & Pham et al., 2017).
Quality control assessment for microbial genomes: GalaxyTrakr MicroRunQC workflow v3
Authors: Timme Ruth , Laxmi Gubbala Venkata Sai , Balkey Maria , Randolph Robyn , Wolfgang William , Strain Errol
Published: February 2022

PURPOSE: Step-by-step instructions for checking WGS sequence quality. The MicroRunQC workflow, implemented in a custom Galaxy instance, will produce quality assessments for raw reads (Illumina paired-end fastq files) and draft de novo assemblies, along with reporting the sequence type for each isolate. This workflow will work on most microbial pathogens, so we advise laboratories to upload their entire MiSeq/NextSeq run through this workflow. SCOPE: This protocol covers the following tasks: 1. set up an account in GalaxyTrakr 2. Create a new history/workspace 3. Upload data 4. Execute the MicroRunQC workflow 5. Interpret the results V3: updated with Cronobacter thresholds
Quick Protocol for Monarch® Plasmid Miniprep Kit (NEB #T1010) v4
Authors: England Biolabs New
Published: February 2022

This is the quick version of the Monarch® Plasmid DNA Miniprep Kit Protocol (NEB #T1010). For the full protocol, please clickhere.
Migrant Students’ Sense of Belonging and the Covid‐19 Pandemic: Implications for Educational Inclusion
Authors: Szelei Nikolett , Devlieger Ines , Verelst An , Spaas Caroline , Jervelund Signe Smith , Primdahl Nina Langer , Skovdal Morten , Opaas Marianne , Durbeej Natalie , Osman Fatumo , Soye Emma , Colpin Hilde , De Haene Lucia , Aalto Sanni , Kankaanpää Reeta , Peltonen Kirsi , Andersen Arnfinn J. , Hilden Per Kristian , Watters Charles , Derluyn Ilse
Published: February 2022

This article investigates school belonging among migrant students and how this changed during the Covid‐19 pandemic. Drawing on quantitative data gathered from 751 migrant students in secondary schools in six European countries (Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Norway, Sweden, and the UK), we examined the impact of Covid‐19 school closures, social support, and post‐traumatic stress symptoms on changes in school belonging. Linear regression showed a non‐significant decrease in school belonging, and none of the studied variables had a significant effect on this change in our whole sample. However, sensitivity analysis on a subsample from three countries (Denmark, Finland, and the UK) showed a small but significant negative effect of increasing post‐traumatic stress symptoms on school belonging during Covid‐19 school closures. Given that scholarship on school belonging during Covid‐19 is emergent, this study delineates some key areas for future research on the relationship between wellbeing, school belonging, and inclusion.
COVİD-19 SÜRECİNDE ÖZ DUYARLIK İLE DEPRESYON, ANKSİYETE VE STRES ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİDE PSİKOLOJİK SAĞLAMLIĞIN ARACI ROLÜ
Authors: Önel Selin Nur , Arıcı Özcan Neslihan
Published: February 2022

Bu araştırmada Covid-19 sürecine dair elde edilen verilere göre depresyon, anksiyete, stres belirtilerinin farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını saptamak; Covid-19 sürecinde öz duyarlık ile depresyon, anksiyete, stres düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide psikolojik sağlamlığın aracı rolünü belirlemek amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmaya 25-65 yaş aralığında 590 kişi (Covid-19 tanısı alan 180, Covid-19 tanısı almayan 410 kişi) katılmıştır. Araştırmada katılımcılara Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Öz-Duyarlık Ölçeği (ÖDÖ), Depresyon- Anksiyete- Stres Ölçeği -21 (DASÖ-21) ve Connor - Davidson Psikolojik Sağlamlık Ölçeği (CD-RISC) uygulanmıştır. Covid-19 sürecine dair elde edilen verilere göre depresyon, anksiyete ve stres düzeylerinin istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı saptanmıştır. Ayrıca psikolojik sağlamlığın, öz duyarlık düzeyi ile depresyon ve anksiyete düzeyleri arasındaki ilişkide aracı bir rol oynadığı; öz duyarlık düzeyi ile stres düzeyi arasındaki ilişkide ise aracı bir rolünün bulunmadığı görülmüştür. Araştırmamızın çeşitli kısıtlılıkları bulunmakla beraber bulgularımız, günümüzde ‘zorlayıcı yaşam olayı’ olarak kabul gören Covid-19 pandemisinin yol açtığı psikolojik belirtiler karşısında öz duyarlık ve psikolojik sağlamlık kavramlarının koruyucu bir rol oynadığına işaret etmektedir.
A Review of Skin Melanoma Detection Based on Machine Learning
Authors: Meshram Ashish Anil. , Abhimanyu Dutonde Anup Gade,
Published: February 2022

Dermatological malignancies, such as skin cancer, are the most extensively known kinds of human malignancies in people with fair skin. Despite the fact that malignant melanoma is the type of skin cancer that is associated with the highest mortality rate, the non-melanoma skin tumors are unquestionably normal. The frequency of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers is increasing, and the number of cases being studied is increasing at a reasonably regular period, according to the National Cancer Institute. Early detection of skin cancer can help patient’s live longer lives by reducing their mortality rate. In this research, we will look at various approaches for initiating period melanoma skin cancer detection and compare them. Pathologists use biopsies to diagnose skin lesions, and they base their decisions on cell life systems and tissue transport in many cases. However, in many cases, the decision is emotional, and it commonly results in significant changeability. The application of quantitative measures by PC diagnostic devices, on the other hand, allows for more accurate target judgment. This research examines the preceding period as well as current advancements in the field of machine-aided skin cancer detection (MASCD).
Quantifying the Sensitivity of Microearthquake Slip Inversions to Station Distribution Using a Dense Nodal Array
Authors: Pennington Colin N. , Chang Hilary , Rubinstein Justin L. , Abercrombie Rachel E. , Nakata Nori , Uchide Takahiko , Cochran Elizabeth S.
Published: February 2022

To investigate the sensitivity of slip inversions to station distribution and choice of empirical Green’s function (EGF), we examine three microearthquakes that occurred within the high-density LArge-n Seismic Survey in Oklahoma (LASSO) nodal seismic array. The LASSO array’s dense distribution of 1825 geophones provides an exceptional level of spatial and azimuthal coverage, allowing for more accurate inversions of slip than are possible with typical station distributions. The highly accurate slip inversions, in turn, allow for the exploration of the sensitivity of slip inversions to station distribution and parameter choices. We examine the effects of these choices using three well-recorded strike-slip microearthquakes (ML 1.7, 2.3, and 2.7) using an EGF method. From this analysis and the systematic testing of varied network arrangements, we find that station distributions that have uniform coverage of azimuth and distance can retrieve the overall pattern of slip, but the estimated amplitude of slip can vary by 30% for high-slip regions due to small variations in station location. In addition, we find that the distance range that accurately resolves the overall pattern of slip is the one that contains the takeoff angles of 45°–65°. Concerning azimuthal coverage, a network with >270° performs similarly to having complete coverage. The choice of EGF can shift the location of resolved areas of slip and their amplitude, depending on its similarity in location and radiation pattern to the target earthquake.
Legal and Risk Management Considerations and Implications of Carelessly Drafted Game Contracts: Avoiding a Legal Hurricane
Authors: Levine Jeffrey , Miller John
Published: February 2022

Weather plays a crucial role in sport event management. Ignoring predicted weather conditions or not effectively communicating them may lead to unanticipated legal, financial, environmental, and social impacts. In 2018, the University of Akron and University of Nebraska football teams were forced to cancel their contest after severe lightning and rainstorms caused significant delays, thus creating a ripple effect that produced other potential risk management issues. This article examines the legal and risk management considerations of this situation, including the possible implications of a carelessly drafted game contract as well as potential strategies to mitigate legal exposure. The authors evaluated the potential application of contract ambiguity as well as contract impracticability and contract impossibility. To mitigate such issues from reoccurring, the authors suggest utilizing an enterprise risk management planning approach to create procedures as part of mitigating the risk of inclement weather in collegiate athletics event management.
A Three-Tiered Circuit Split: Why the Supreme Court Was Right to Hear Alston v. NCAA
Authors: Ehrlich Sam
Published: February 2022

This article provides a retrospective look at the Supreme Court’s decision to review the NCAA v. Alston antitrust litigation by defining and analyzing a three-tiered circuit split that existed in the courts’ application of antitrust law to NCAA amateurism regulations. Using mixed-methods citation network analysis review, this article shows wide disarray within the NCAA amateurism discrete citation network by analyzing the doctrinal differences in how three distinct jurisdictional silos applied antitrust law to four broad categories of NCAA rules. As such, this article argues that the Supreme Court was correct to grant certiorari to the Alstonpetitioners to resolve this circuit split and better define the precedential effect of the much-debated NCAA v. Board of Regents.
The Defect in the Supreme Court's Sports Betting Decision
Authors: Rodenberg Ryan
Published: February 2022

Four years after its issuance, the defect in the Supreme Court’s sports betting ruling is increasingly evident. By allowing standing-less plaintiffs to obtain an overbroad injunction against a sitting state governor, the decision represents a dubious vehicle for generating lasting precedent on anti-commandeering grounds. More specifically, by permitting five private plaintiffs—instead of the federal government via the Department of Justice (“DOJ”)—to claim irreparable harm and injury from sports betting while simultaneously positioning themselves to profit from the same activity, the Supreme Court’s sports betting decision can plausibly be characterized as having derived from a ruse. This article explores the uncorrected early misstep in the case and explains why such flaw has implications for expanded legalized sports betting moving forward.
Efficacity of ternidazole-neomycin sulfate-nystatin and prednisolone association in syndromic management of vaginitis in low and middle incomes countries
Authors: Mian Dehi Boston , Serges Loue Vedi Andre , Angoi Aya Virginie , Yao Alexis , Sofia Akinloye , Guessan Koffi N' , Boni Serge
Published: February 2022

Background: Vaginitis is a frequent and treated based on clinical evaluation in our countries in absence of microbiological laboratories. Evaluate the effectiveness of the management of vaginitis by ternidazole, neomycin sulfate, nystatin, prednisolone association.Methods: A five-month prospective study was carried out in three health facilities in Abidjan. Two-hundred and thirty-three patients with clinical signs of vaginitis were included after signed consent. Pregnant and breast-feeding patients, hypersensitivity or idiosyncrasy to ternidazole, neomycin sulfate, nystatin, prednisolone association were not included. Patients were divided into reference group (n=200) for which a microbiological analysis of vaginal secretions was carried out 2-4 days before treatment and control group (n=33) for which treatment was initiated straightaway. Evaluation criteria were clinical symptoms, microbiological balance carried out 10 to 14 days after treatment and occurrence of side effects. Statistical tests used were Khi2 and exact Fisher test (p<0.05).Results: Pathological leucorrhoea was differently observed in both group (p=0.001). During the follow-up visit, the persistence of symptoms was not different (p=0.99). This combination has demonstrated its efficacy in cases of Candida albicans vaginitis, bacterial vaginosis, trichomonas vaginalis vaginitis, and mixed vaginitis. A significantly improvement of symptoms (p=0.001) and low rate of biologically proven recurrence was observed in both groups. No allergic reactions linked was reported.Conclusions: In our countries this therapeutic combination appears to be an option for treated mixed vaginitis in first intention without preliminary samples of vaginal secretions.
Uterine rupture at the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital, Calabar; Nigeria: a six-year review
Authors: Odusolu Patience O. , Uduigwomen Praise A. , Eyong Edu M. , Okpebri Komommo O. , Egbe John J.
Published: February 2022

Background: Ruptured uterus is one of the major complications of labour which contributes significantly to maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality in low-resource and developing countries. Periodic review is necessary to determine the magnitude, risk factors and feto maternal outcomes to aid to plan prevention reduce maternal and fetal mortality are needed. The objective of the study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors, management options, and feto-maternal outcomes of uterine rupture in University of Calabar Teaching Hospital (UCTH), Calabar.Methods: Records of women with uterine rupture between January 2013 and December 2018 were retrieved. Sociodemographic data, clinical presentations, surgical options, fetal and maternal outcomes were recorded and analysed. Data was presented in frequencies and percentages.Results: During the study period, total number of deliveries was 11,382 with 41 ruptured uterus giving it an incidence of 0.36 percent. Twenty-eight (71.8%) of the patients were unbooked while 11 (28.2%) were booked. The mean age was 28.08 and majority were para 2 and 3 at 10 (25.6%). Obstructed labour was the commonest cause 28 (71.8%). Rupture of scar contributed to 8 cases (20.5%). Commonest presentation was abdominal pain 25 (64.1%). The commonest surgical procedure was uterine repair alone 21 (53.8%), while repair and bilateral tubal ligation was 8 (20.5%) and hysterectomy 9 (23.1%). Maternal mortality was 1 (2.6%) while fetal mortality was 32 (82.05%). The cause of maternal death was anaemic heart failure.Conclusions: Predisposing factors for uterine rupture at UCTH, Calabar are mostly modifiable. As such integrated efforts to prevent occurrence and ensure prompt management to reduce maternal and fetal mortality are needed.
Retrospective study to assess the prevalence of overweight and obese women delivering at tertiary care centre in Pune
Authors: Tripathy Sumeet R. , Rathore Priyanka , Basarkod Santosh S. , Bezbaruah Madhurya , Kaur Mandeep , Debnath Sushmita
Published: February 2022

Background: Obesity is a modern-day epidemic affecting women in reproductive age group. Increase in obesity in pregnant women is associated with increased rates of complications.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted based on available hospital data between January 2020 and March 2020. Pregnant women who have had their first visit at this centre before 20 weeks period of gestation were included and were classified into normal body mass index (BMI), overweight and obese. The rates of caesarean delivery, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), assisted reproductive techniques (ART) for conception and neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admissions were studied.Results: A total of 582 pregnant women were included in the study. The estimated prevalence of obesity was 29.3% (n=171) whereas 27.8% (n=162) were overweight. There was statistically significant association seen between obesity and caesarean delivery rates, HDP, NICU admission.Conclusions: The results reveal high prevalence of obesity in pregnant women. There is a need for a comprehensive and clinically effective approach to tackle obesity.
Clinico-radiological evaluation of oligohydramnios with special reference to pregnancy outcome
Authors: Bhattacharya Apurba Kumar , Doley Runjun , Bhattacharjee Abhinab
Published: February 2022

Background: Oligohydramnios is defined as amniotic fluid index of less than 5cm. It is thought to be associated with increased fetal and maternal morbidity. Studies are not clear whether the adverse perinatal outcome merely reflects the sequel of other conditions or if, reduced amniotic fluid volume itself contributes to adverse outcomes.Methods: A total of 150 pregnant women with gestational age >34 weeks having clinically diagnosed oligohydramnios were enrolled in this observational prospective clinical study, during the study period of 12 months,1June 2020 to 31May 2021. Patients were first subjected to ultrasonographic AFI estimation, divided into two groups (oligohydramnios and borderline AFI) and then followed up for maternal and fetal outcome. Data was statistically analyzed.Results: A total 72.66% had AFI less than 5 cm. 97 (64.66%) were primigravida. 68% were prepared for Caesarean section irrespective of gestational period, the most common indication being fetal distress. 66.66% babies had good APGAR score at 1 minute after birth.41.06% delivered babies who required NICU admission, although only 2% neonatal deaths were recorded.Conclusions: Our study shows that isolated decreased AFI after 34 weeks of gestation is associated with satisfactory perinatal outcome. Both groups in the study, when compared statistically, were relatively similar in their pregnancy outcome. Significant association was found between oligohydramnios and increased rate of caesarean section, NICU admission and abnormal fetal heart rate tracing.
Predictors of oocyte yield in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation IVF/ICSI cycles: a retrospective analysis in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Mahey Reeta , Sethi Ankita , Malhotra Neena , Singh Neeta , Gupta Monica , Upadhyay Ashish , Bhatla Neerja
Published: February 2022

Background: The most important predictor of oocyte yield in ART cycles is female age, but other biochemical and ultrasonographic markers done before controlled ovarian stimulation may predict the oocyte yield in women undergoing COS in IVF cycles.Methods: The main aim of the study was to evaluate ovarian reserve markers before COS which can help to individualise treatment protocols to achieve optimal response and minimise risk of complications. It is retrospective observational study, 1924 women undergoing COS in IVF/ICSI cycles in tertiary care centre in India, from January 2010 to June 2017 were included. Results: Univariate analysis showed that age, D2FSH, AMH, D2AFC and E2 on the day of trigger were significant predictors of oocyte yield (p<0.05). E2 on day of trigger with ROC (0.81), indicating good discriminating potential for predicting poor ovarian response, followed by age and D2 FSH. The formula to calculate, number of oocytes retrieved=18.46+(0.174×AFC)+(0.092×AMH)-(0.123×age)-(1.19×FSH), FSH was formulated, with r2=0.2486 (p<0.001). ROC curve analysis shows that FSH has statistically significant discriminability to detect poor response than age [AUC (95% CI) FSH 0.77 (0.74, 0.81), age 0.56 (0.52, 0.60), (p<0.05)]. FSH >7.82 IU/ml was predictor of poor response (sensitivity 78.13%, specificity 79.53%).Conclusions: A combination of predictors demonstrated superior ability of predicting oocyte yield after controlled ovarian stimulation than compared with any single endocrine marker. D2 FSH though thought to be obsolete, but we found significant predictive ability in terms of oocyte yield in the Indian population.
Association of serum cytokines IL-6, TNF-α, PTX-3 and progesterone modulation in cases of recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Kishore Kamal , Sharma Sanjay , Singh Lavan , Agarwal Manisha , Bhatt Reema
Published: February 2022

Background: Cytokines are major immune regulators, which play a critical role in the pathophysiology of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss. Th1 class of cytokines has been shown to exert deleterious effects on pregnancy causing early loss.Methods: The changeover in the levels of Th1 cytokines was studied in two major groups; Gp I (N=30) comprised of RPL subjects with two or more consecutive spontaneous miscarriages history and Gp II (N=30) comprised of normal pregnancy controls .The efficacy of oral micronized progesterone was assessed in regulation of cytokine levels ,with Gp Ia (N=15) treated with 200 mg oral micronized progesterone and Gp Ib (N=15) comprised of untreated RPL subjects and its role in improving pregnancy outcome was also determined. The present study determined the levels of cytokine TNF-α, IL-6 and PTX-3 in serum samples for all the subjects at three time points at the time of enrolment, with (GpIa) or without (Gp Ib) progesterone administration at 20 weeks or abortion if earlier and at the time of delivery. Results: The results indicated that the levels of Th1 cytokines (TNF-α [37.80 versus 78.09], IL-6 [16.93 versus 81.12] and PTX-3 [17.42 versus 73.53]) was found to be reduced at every time point in the treated cases with an RPL history as compared to untreated ones. Further, the cases treated with with oral micronized progesterone were found to have better pregnancy outcomes (p<0.005 significant number of live births).Conclusions: The levels of interlukins, TNF-α, IL-6, PTX-3 in cases of RPL may not have a major contributory role in predicting outcome, however exogenous progesterone decreases the Th1 pro inflammatory response and efficiently improves the pregnancy outcomes by modulation of cytokine levels.
Correlation of levels of serum C reactive protein in second trimester with fetomaternal outcome
Authors: Vijetha Koppadi Lakshmi , Sujatha P. , Kate Nina V. , Vaithiyanadhan Usha , Gopal Vani
Published: February 2022

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between levels of second trimester C Reactive protein (CRP) with adverse pregnancy outcomes.Methods: Present study was a prospective analytical study carried out among 359 pregnant women between 14-18 weeks. All were primigravida, who attended antenatal OPD at RGGWCH between January 2019 to June 2020. All subjects fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. Informed written consent was obtained in each case. A detailed history, clinical and ultrasound examination was done to confirm the gestational age. Then blood was collected and sent for serum CRP estimation. Patients were followed upto discharge of the mother and baby and fetomaternal outcome studied. Once the sample size was attained, the correlation between CRP levels and fetomaternal outcome was studied. Results: Increased levels of serum CRP in early second trimester in primigravida were significantly associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes like preterm delivery (p value 0.001), PROM (premature rupture of membranes) (p value 0.01) and low APGAR (p value 0.01).Conclusions: Early detection of higher levels of serum CRP in pregnancy can be used as predictor of inflammation and may help in early intervention, follow up and timely referral of the patients to minimize adverse maternal and fetal complications.
Massive subchorionic thrombohematoma: a case report demonstrating serial sonographic changes
Authors: Swarray-Deen Alim , Coleman Jerry , Seffah Joseph D. , Osei-Agyapong Jeff , Doffour Dapaah Kwaku , Anum Patrick , Sepenu Perez , Boateng Alex Kofi
Published: February 2022

Massive subchorionic thrombohematoma (MST) is the presence of a large hematoma or thrombus confined to the subchorionic space. Sonographic findings vary and include placenta descriptions such as heterogeneous, homogeneous, hypoechogenic, or jelly-like mass, which can be differentiated from the normal placenta. Our case report highlights the serial sonographic features observed in a singleton pregnancy from 13 to 29 weeks of gestation. Ultrasound findings of the placenta changed from a 65 ml subchorionic hematoma at 16 weeks to a well-defined placental mass with cystic areas at 20 weeks to an amorphous gelatinous mass at 23 weeks which became primarily replaced by an anechoic lesion with internal septations at 27 weeks. She delivered a live female at 29 weeks. MST usually has a dramatic initial presentation, but these findings may be compatible with a favourable outcome. Serial ultrasound assessment of the placenta is helpful to define the perinatal prognosis and may demonstrate gradual changes and eventual resolution.
Traumatic pseudoaneurysm of aorta: a story of survival
Authors: Patel Smeet , Patel Sanjay , Khiria Lakshman
Published: February 2022

Pseudoaneurysms caused by injury to the abdominal aorta are uncommon, but they are frequently observed after forceful trauma or injury to penetrating arteries. Aortic pseudoaneurysm (AAP) symptoms range from asymptomatic to compression symptoms to severe rupture culminating in mortality. We present a case of a young female who had an aortic damage during an exploratory laparoscopy due to a veress needle, which was followed by the development of AAP after 9 days and was successfully managed by open surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first example of AAP in which the injury site and the progression of AAP were distinct. A follow-up CT scan could be crucial in diagnosing AAPs, especially in patients who are asymptomatic. AAPs necessitate a quick surgical repair to avoid fatal consequences.