bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Impact of Summer Vacation on Children’s Obesogenic Behaviors and Body Mass Index: A natural experiment.
Authors: Weaver R Glenn , Armstrong Bridget , Hunt Ethan , Beets Michael , Brazendale Keith , Dugger Roddrick , Turner-McGrievy Gabrielle , Pate Russell , Maydeu-Olivares Alberto , Saelens Brian , Youngstedt Shawn
Published: February 2020

Background: Children’s BMI gain accelerates during summer. The Structured Days Hypothesis posits that the lack of the school day during summer vacation negatively impacts children’s obesogenic behaviors (i.e., physical activity, screen time, diet, sleep). This natural experiment examined the impact of summer vacation on children’s obesogenic behaviors and body mass index (BMI). Methods: Elementary-aged children (n=285, grade=1-5, 48.7% male, 57.4% African American) attending a year-round (n=97) and two match-paired traditional schools (n=188) participated in this study. Obesogenic behaviors were collected during three conditions: Condition 1) all children attend school, Condition 2) year-round children attend school while traditional children were on summer vacation, and Condition 3) summer vacation for all children. Changes in BMI z-score were collected for the corresponding school years and summers. Multi-level mixed effects regressions estimated obesogenic behaviors and monthly zBMI changes. It was hypothesized that children would experience unhealthy changes in obesogenic behaviors when entering summer vacation because the absence of the school day (i.e., Condition 1 vs. 2 for traditional school children and 2 vs. 3 for year-round school children). Results: From Condition 1 to 2 traditional school children experienced statistically significantly greater unhealthy changes in daily minutes sedentary (∆=24.2, 95CI=10.2, 38.2), screen time minutes (∆=33.7, 95CI=17.2, 50.3), sleep midpoint time (∆=73:43, 95CI=65:33, 81:53), and sleep efficiency percentage (-∆=0.7, 95CI=-1.1, -0.3) when compared to year-round school children. Alternatively, from Condition 2 to 3 traditional school children experienced statistically significantly smaller unhealthy changes in daily minutes sedentary (∆=-54.5, 95CI=-70.9, -38.0), MVPA minutes (∆=11.4, 95CI=3.7, 19.1), screen time minutes (∆=-46.5, 95CI=-63.0, -30.0), sleep midpoint time (∆=-95:54, 95CI=-106:22, -85:26), and sleep efficiency percentage (-∆=0.7, 95CI=-1.1, -0.3) when compared to year-round school children. Monthly zBMI gain accelerated during summer for traditional (∆=0.033 95CI=0.019, 0.047) but not year-round school children (∆=0.004, 95CI=-0.014, 0.023).Conclusions: This study suggests that the lack of the school day during summer vacation negatively impacts sedentary behaviors, sleep timing, and screen time. Changes in sedentary behaviors, screen time, and sleep midpoint may contribute to accelerated summer BMI gain. Providing structured programming during summer vacation may positively impact these behaviors, and in turn, mitigate accelerated summer BMI gain.
Recurrence of ovarian squamous cell carcinoma with MET gene copy number variation: a case report and review of literature
Authors: Dong Xuhui , Yuan Lei , Yao Liangqing
Published: February 2020

Background: Malignant transformation such as ovarian squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in ovarian mature cystic teratoma (OMCT) is a rare tumor. The gene mutation of ovarian SCC remains unclear. We herein report a recurrent case of ovarian squamous cell carcinoma with MET gene copy number variation. Case presentation: A 60-year-old woman presented with recurrence of ovarian SCC 8 months after primary surgery. Adhesiolysis, right abdominal wall mass excision, prosthetics, enterectomy, enterostomy and partial cystectomy were performed by laparoscope. Pathologic examination demonstrated metastatic squamous cell carcinoma in ileocecus, rectum and abdominal wall muscle. MET gene copy number was elevated with copy number of six in this case. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with four cycles of combination chemotherapy with docetaxel and carboplatin. The patient was free of disease at 20 months’ follow-up. Conclusions: Optimal cytoreductive surgery combined with platinum-based chemotherapy is recommended currently for not only primary tumor but also recurrence. For patients with malignant transformation in OMCT, prompt diagnosis and individualized treatment are crucial for better prognosis. Increased copy number of MET may be correlated with her poor PFS and can be a potential therapeutic target for this case.
Papillary thyroid cancer with para-aortic lymph node metastasis discovered incidentally during work-up of metastatic colon cancer: a case report
Authors: Wang Yi , Zhou Rongjing , Xie Shangnao
Published: February 2020

Background: Papillary thyroid cancer usually manifests an indolent behavior and infrequently causes rare distant metastases, with the exclusion of lung and bone metastases. Metastasis to the para-aortic lymph node from papillary thyroid cancer is extremely rare. Case presentation: The present study reports a case of a 71-year-old Chinese female with para-aortic lymph node metastasis from papillary thyroid cancer 12 months following total thyroidectomy, and synchronous intra-abdominal metastasis from colon cancer 18 months following right hemicolectomy. The patient was administered chemotherapy combined with targeted therapy post-operation. She developed lung metastasis and intra-abdominal relapse 6 months after the operation, and died of progressive disease 12 months after presentation. Conclusion: This study is the first to report a case of para-aortic lymph node metastasis from papillary thyroid cancer. Keywords: Papillary thyroid cancer, Lymph node, Metastasis
A rare primary leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid gland: a case report and literature review
Authors: Hao Shuai , Huang Miao , Tian Wuguo , Zhao Jianjie , Gao Bo , Luo Donglin
Published: February 2020

Background Primary thyroid leiomyosarcoma(LMS) is very rare, with only 30 cases reported worldwide. Thyroid LMS should be diagnosed with caution and comprehensively evaluated considering clinical, imaging, and pathological data. It is a kind of fatal tumor with an extremely poor prognosis and lacks effective treatment regimens, and most patients die within 1 year of diagnosis. Here, we present a case report on a patient with Primary thyroid LMS. Case presentation A 76-year-old woman presented with hoarseness, dysphagia, and dyspnea when lying down for the past 1 month visited our hospital. She had a history of right neck masses in the past 2 years. A hard, irregular tumor of approximately 8 cm × 5 cm × 5 cm was observed on the right lobe of the thyroid, the boundary between which and the surrounding tissues was unclear. The tumor anteriorly invaded the cervical muscles and interiorly invaded the right walls of the trachea and esophagus. Most tumor tissues were excised, a curative operation seemed impossible. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for Calponin, vimentin and SMA, but negative for EMA, CK, P53, Desmin and S-100. Tumor recurrence and progression were considered two months after surgery, the patient refused follow-up treatment for personal reasons and died 4 months after surgery. Conclusion Thyroid LMS accounting for merely 0.014% of primary thyroid tumors of unknown etiology. The diagnosis can only be confirmed upon a lack of evidence regarding epithelial differentiation or other types of sarcoma differentiation and when immunohistochemistry yields positive smooth muscle markers. Primary thyroid LMS is primarily surgically resected and no other effective treatment currently available. Disease progression is rapid, the prognosis is poor, and the 1-year survival rate is <10%. In the present study, a rare case of a 76-year-old female patient diagnosed with thyroid LMS was reported and a review of the literature is presented.
Development of Pathological Super-resolution Images using Artificial Intelligence based on Whole Slide Image
Authors: Deng Yang , Feng Min , Jiang Yong , Zhou Yanyan , Qing Hangyu , Xiang Fei , Wang Yizhe , Bao Ji , Bu Hong
Published: February 2020

Background: Pathology plays a very important role in the cancer diagnosis, as the gold standard for the identification of tumors. The rapid development of digital pathology (DP) which based on Whole Slide Image (WSI) has led to many improvements in telepathological consultation, digital management, and computer-assisted diagnosis by artificial intelligence (AI). In DP, the common digitization strategy is to scan the pathology slice with X20 or X40 objective. Usually, the X40's WSI is 4 times bigger than the X20's, and obviously, the storage space and transmission time of the data should be 4 times. These increased costs will be great negative factor in the popularization of DP. But at the same time, some cases have to use the high magnification WSI for reliable diagnosis. Methods: In this article, we present a novel super-resolution process which could be used for WSI through Deep Learning. This process powered by AI, have the ability to switch X20 WSI to X40 without loss of whole and locally features. Furthermore, we collect the examples of WSI data of patients with 100 uterine leiomyosarcoma and adult granulosa cell tumor (AGCT) of ovary respectively, which are used to test our super-resolution process. Results: We used the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR), the structural similarity (SSIM), and the Blind/Referenceless Image Spatial QUality Evaluator (BRISQUE) to test the resulting X40 WSI synthesized by the super-resolution (SR), which were 42.03, 0.99 and 49.22 . Then, we tested our SR images from subjective evaluation of the pathologist's perspective, and tested that if the pathologists could objectively distinguish the images between SR and high-resolution (HR), to further confirm the consistency between our SR images and the real HR images. Conclusions: The testing results indicate that the X40 WSI synthesized by the super-resolution matches the performance of the one generated from the X40 objective in diagnosis of both tumors. We believe that this is a reliable method can be used in a variety of tumors' digital slides, and will be available for a large scale in clinical pathology as an innovative technique.
Detecting abnormal fundus images by employing deep transfer learning
Authors: Yu Yan , Chen Xiao , Zhu Xiang-Bing , Zhang Peng-Fei , Hou Yin-Fen , Zhang Rong-Rong , Wu Chang-Fan
Published: February 2020

Background: To develop and validate a deep transfer learning (DTL) algorithm for detecting abnormalities in fundus images from nonmydriatic fundus photography examinations.
Methods : A total of 1,295 fundus images from January 2017 to December 2018 at Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College were collected for developing and validating the deep transfer learning algorithm in detecting abnormal fundus images. The DTL model was developed by using 929 (normal 254, abnormal 402) fundus images, including normal fundus images and abnormal fundus images, the latter including maculopathy, optic neuropathy, vascular lesion, choroidal lesions, vitreous disease, and cataracts. We tested our model using a subset of the publicly available Messidor dataset (using 366 images) and evaluated the testing performance of the DTL model for detecting abnormal fundus images.
Results : In the internal validation dataset (n=273 images), the AUC, sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity of the DTL for correctly classified fundus images were 0.997, 97.41%, 97.07%, and 96.82%, respectively. For the test dataset (n=273 images), the AUC, sensitivity, accuracy, and specificity of the DTL for correctly classifying fundus images were 0.926, 88.17%, 87.18%, and 86.67%, respectively.
Conclusion : In the evaluation, the DTL presented high sensitivity and specificity for detecting abnormal fundus-related diseases. Further research is necessary to improve this method and evaluate the applicability of the DTL in the community health care center.
Key words : Fundus images; Deep transfer learning; Developing and validation; Artificial intelligence.
CONSULTING AND OUTSOURCING AS A MODERN ENTRY MANAGEMENT INSTRUMENT
Authors: Savchenko T. , Iaroshyna A.
Published: February 2020

With the transition to post-industrial society, a revolution in the business and technology has taken place. Innovation has begun to require a high level of training and rapid adaptation to the trends of the digital era, and in this regard, managers are in dire need of rapid training. Human capital has come to the fore, so consulting and outsourcing services have become quite popular and necessary tools for managing an enterprise.
In the article we have explained the essence of the concepts of "outsourcing" and "consulting". We have considered the main motives of the management personnel, regarding the transition to outsourcing, ie delegation of certain business processes to an outsourced organization - the executor. We have learned that outsourcing services can be broadly divided into two parts: business process (both manufacturing and non-manufacturing) and outsourcing of IT services. Based on this classification, we have analyzed the world market and identified trends in the use of outsourcing by species in Ukraine.
In our work we have identified the main types of consulting services and historical prerequisites for their development. Having analyzed the international rating editions, we have found out modern trends of consulting services, and analyzed the market in Ukraine. Much attention is paid to the general and distinctive features of outsourcing and consulting. The hypothesis of the effectiveness of consulting and outsourcing as an innovative tool of enterprise management is proved in the article.
Keywords: outsourcing, consulting, IT outsourcing, business process outsourcing, accounting, management decisions.
THE THEORETICAL BASIS OF ENTERPRISE FINANCIAL SECURITY AND THE MECHANISM OF ITS MANAGEMENT
Authors: Pihul N. , Khomutenko A.
Published: February 2020

The paper describes concept of "enterprise’ financial security" in modern conditions and compares the main approaches to its definition taking into account the complex nature of this economic category (from the point of view of the object of paramount attention, the task of the security system and the criterions of security). The authors
identified two approaches to understanding the financial security of the enterprise: the first approach, which considers financial security in terms of the enterprise’ ability to withstand the threats of the internal and external environment; the second approach determines the enterprise’ financial security as the ability of the enterprise to perform its activities effectively in an uncertain and competitive environment. In addition, the study identified the essence of enterprise’ financial security management, its purpose,
objectives, functions, principles, mechanism and basic elements of management. In the course of the research it was found that the most important in the enterprise’ financial security management is to built adequate mechanism of financial security management. The authors define such mechanism, as a set of basic influence’ elements on the process of development and implementation of management decisions to ensure the protection of his financial interests against various threats.
Moreover, the authors investigated the systems of enterprise’ financial security analysis, which allow to investigate the financial condition and main results of financial activity of the enterprise in order to determine the level of protection of his financial interests from threats and identify the reserves for its improvement. The system of integral analysis was defined as the system that gives the most solid conclusions about the state of financial security.
The main reason for this is that above mentioned system allows to conduct a deeper financial analysis, to evaluate the main areas of financial activity of the enterprise and to aggregate the obtained data into one indicator.
Keywords: enterprise's economic security, enterprise's financial security, mechanism of the enterprise`s financial security, management of the enterprise`s financial security.
ANALYSIS OF COMPETITIVE POSITIONS OF INSURANCE COMPANIES IN THE NON-LIFE INSURANCE MARKET IN UKRAINE
Authors: Pakhnenko O. , Zhuravka O. , Podhorna V. , Sukhomlyn A.
Published: February 2020

The paper explores the practical aspects of forming a competitive environment in the non-life insurance market of Ukraine and analyzes the competitiveness and financial performance of leading insurance companies. Based on the analysis of non-life insurance market concentration indicators, the authors concluded that there is no clear
leader in this market, the level of market concentration is negligible. Based on the analysis of non-life insurance market leaders by volume of gross insurance premiums in the whole market and by main types of non-life insurance (CASCO, motor vehicle liability insurance, property insurance, fire and catastrophe risk insurance, CARGO, health insurance) the authors found that the leadership of insurance companies in the market does not mean their leadership in all types of non-life insurance; some insurance companies specialize in certain types of insurance and not being leaders in the insurance market at all occupy leading positions in certain segments of non-life insurance market. In order to provide a general assessment of the competitiveness of individual insurance companies in the non-life insurance market, the following indicators were selected: the volume of gross insurance premiums, gross insurance payments, insurance reserves and the amount of equity. In order to assess the size of market share of an individual insurance company in a more objective way, it is suggested to calculate the average share of the insurance company. The calculations made it possible to identify the leaders of the non-life insurance market in 2018 and to
explore the dynamics of changes in their competitive position during 2016-2018. For the three insurance companies that have been identified as the leaders of the Ukrainian market non-life insurance in 2018 (“UNIKA”, “AXA Insurance” and “PZU Ukraine”), the authors analyzed the main indicators of their financial condition, namely the
profitability of insurance services, profitability of sales, return on assets, return on equity, overall liquidity, absolute liquidity and autonomy. It was found that all the analyzed insurance companies are profitable, however, among the three leading Ukrainian insurance companies, the most effective in 2018 was the insurance company “PZU Ukraine” and the least profitable – “UNIKA”.
Keywords: competitiveness, insurance company, market concentration, market share, competition.
EVOLUTION OF APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION THE TINIZATION CONCEPT OF ECONOMICS
Authors: Tiutiunyk I. , Holovko A.
Published: February 2020

One of the most destabilizing factors in the social and economic development of the country, a key threat to the economic stability of the country, which significantly affects the allocation of internal and external financial resources and has a destructive impact on the overall macroeconomic indicators of the country today is the shadow economy. The article presents an evolutionary analysis of the formation of the concept of shadow economy. The basic theories of shadowing of the economy are investigated, their key features and prerequisites for their origin are determined. The most common theories of shadow economy are systematized. On the basis of the analysis of existing approaches to understanding the essence of the shadow economy, the absence of a unified understanding of this phenomenon and its impact on the indicators of socio-economic development of the country are proved. It is justified that the implementation of an effective policy of de-shadowing economy depends first and foremost on the completeness and thoroughness of the study of this concept. The expediency of elaboration of the complex concept of shadowing of the economy as a set of legal and illegal relations between economic entities that are realized through the use of a wide range of legal and economic schemes and tools and the prerequisites for determining the factors of concealment of income, and accordingly the application of effective methods of counteracting it, are substantiated. On the basis of generalizing the views of domestic and foreign scientists on the concept of shadow economy, it is concluded that their diversity, lack of systematic classification, significant differences in the criteria that determine its content and different from other concepts in the management of national economy reduce the effectiveness of existing public policy and lead to an increase in the share of the shadow economy in the country. It is proved that at the present stage of economic development of the country, the key vector of public financial management should be to take into account the concept of shadowing in the development and implementation of strategies for economic development of the country.
Keywords: shadowing of the economy, theory of shadowing, economic development, evolution of approaches, legal relations, illegal relations.
FINANCIAL MARKET OF UKRAINE - A MODERN LOOK AT THE ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT
Authors: Blahun I.
Published: February 2020

The article presents a modern view of understanding of "financial market" concept, as the development of financial technologies gradually influences the change of paradigm of its functioning, new financial institutions, institutions of market infrastructure, financial instruments are emerging, as well as the development of forms of alternative financing. On the base of the systematization, it is determined that the term "financial market" in the current scientific literature is considered from three positions, first as a mechanism of distribution of financial resources, secondly, as a system of economic relations, and thirdly as a set of markets and institutions. As a result of the research on the contrary to the popular opinion that the financial services market and the financial market are two separate markets, it has been substantiated that the financial services market is a part of the financial market, because financial instruments are formed through the provision of financial services. The financial market and the market of financial services have common subjects - financial intermediaries (banks, insurance companies, non-government pension funds, investment funds, etc.), but at the same time the objects of these two markets are different. Financial instruments are objects for financial markets, and services – for the market of financial services. Through the process of financial services providing, financial intermediaries ensure the fulfilment of the basic function of the financial market, which is the redistribution of financial resources in the economy, thereby creating financial assets, liabilities, etc., which is the basis for the formation of financial instruments. Taking into account of the impact of fintech on the development of the financial market, author's definition was presented in this work as a system of financial institutions (market subjects), which create the conditions for transactions with financial instruments of economic agents (market objects) using appropriate infrastructure and financial technologies. Transfer of flows of financial resources in the economy at national, subnational and global levels, adequate assess of financial risks and ability to absorb exogenous and endogenous shocks were determined as a purpose of the functioning of the financial market. Keywords: fintech, financial instruments, financial institutions, financial services market, financial system, financial services..
ANALYSIS OF THE MAIN INDICATORS OF INDUSTRY DEVELOPMENT AS THE BASIS FOR THE FORMATION OF MARKETING STRATEGIC ACTIVITY OF DOMESTIC ENTERPRISES
Authors: Horeta L.
Published: February 2020

The development and strengthening of the domestic industrial complex as a whole and of individual economic entities will be facilitated by the focus on the production of competitive high-tech intellectual products. Industrial enterprises should aim to produce products that will be in demand in the domestic and foreign markets, providing a significant proportion of gross value added and profit.
The article analyzes the main indicators of industrial development of Ukraine (index of industrial production, volume of industrial products sold, profitability of operating activity of industrial enterprises, capital investments of industry, indicators of innovative activity in industry, share of industrial enterprises that have received profit, number of industrial enterprises, number of employed workers at industrial enterprises). Analysis of the main indicators of the development and functioning of domestic industrial enterprises determines the relevance of the implementation of appropriate marketing policy. Marketing policy should be a part of the general policy of industrial enterprises and foresee the development of measures aimed at modernizing market and product strategies.
When developing measures of marketing strategic activity of domestic industrial enterprises, the following was taken into account: the existing potential of domestic enterprises in the market of industrial products of Ukraine and their strategic capabilities. According to the results of the analysis, a set of priority tasks aimed at the effective development of the domestic industry has been formed, the main components of marketing strategic activity of industrial enterprises have been identified and the prospects for further research have been formulated.
Key words: mechanical engineering, competitiveness, strategic marketing activities, industrial enterprise.
SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO ENTERPRISE DEBT MANAGEMENT
Authors: Mordan Ie. , Solomakha A.
Published: February 2020

The article is devoted to generalization of theoretical bases and practical recommendations on improvement of the system of receivables management in the period of fierce competition and intensive development of debt relations between enterprises. In order to build an effective system, the management object - receivables - has been studied in detail. The approaches to understanding the nature of accounts receivable and the author's definition of it are distinguished. Receivables are grouped according to different classification characteristics, which is primarily of practical importance, allowing to build a clear system for accounting and analysis of the presence and movement of receivables and to form an effective system for their management by individual types. The reasons for the objective necessity of forming receivables as a certain form of working capital existence are identified. A thorough analysis of the concepts in the scientific literature of the concept of "management of accounts receivable". The researches made it possible to create a comprehensive system of receivables management, which is based on the interaction of the target, organizational, structural, management and information subsystems. A characteristic is given to each subsystem and its constituent elements. The subjects and objects of management are specified, their interaction is considered, goals and tasks are outlined. It is determined that the functions of the management system are analysis, planning, regulation and control, the principles on which it is based are continuity, periodicity, consistency, autonomy, prudence and full coverage, and the methods of management are psychological, economic, legal and alternative instruments. The implementation of the receivables management system implies the implementation of a series of sequential measures in the form of certain steps, which are considered in the work, aimed at reducing the risk of arrears or bad receivables.
Keywords: accounts receivable, accounts receivable management, management system, accounts receivable.
Apparent Recovery and Efficiency of Nitrogen Fertilization in Tomato Grown on Sandy Soils
Authors: Jalpa Laura , Mylavarapu Rao S. , Hochmuth George J. , Wright Alan L. , van Santen Edzard
Published: February 2020

Use efficiency of applied nitrogen (N) is estimated typically to be <50% in most crops. In sandy soils and warmer climates particularly, leaching and volatilization may be primary pathways for environmental loss of applied N. To determine the effect of N fertilization rate on the N use efficiency (NUE) and apparent recovery of N fertilizer (APR), a replicated field study with ‘BHN 602’ tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) grown in sandy soils under a fertigated plastic-mulched bed system was conducted using ammonium nitrate as the N source at four different rates (0, 150, 200, and 250 lb/acre). Spring tomato was followed by fall tomato in the same field, a typical cropping sequence in north Florida. Fertigation of N fertilizer was applied weekly in 13 equal doses for both seasons. The highest NUE was 12.05% (spring) and 32.38% (fall), and the highest APR was 6.11% (spring) for the lowest rate of N applied (150 lb/acre). In the fall, APR was unaffected by fertilizer N rates and ranged from 12.88% to 19.39%. Nitrogen accumulation in tomato plants were similar among the three N fertilizer rates applied (150, 200, and 250 lb/acre), though compared with no N fertilizer application, significant increases occurred. Whole plant N accumulation, NUE, and APR declined or remained similar when N rates increased above 150 lb/acre. Additionally, a regression analysis and derivative of the quadratic fresh yield data showed that yields were maximized at 162 and 233 lb/acre N in the spring and fall seasons, respectively.
Growing Apples for Hard Cider Production in the United States—Trends and Research Opportunities
Authors: Miles Carol A. , Alexander Travis R. , Peck Gregory , Galinato Suzette P. , Gottschalk Christopher , van Nocker Steve
Published: February 2020

Hard cider, made by fermenting apple (Malus ×domestica) juice, was at one time the most widely consumed alcoholic beverage in America. Largely abandoned after Prohibition, within the past 2 decades the rise in popularity of craft beverages has led to the reemergence of hard cider as an alternative to beer, wine, and spirits. Today, hard cider represents one of the fastest growing sectors within the craft beverage industry. The recent interest in cider presents additional marketing opportunities for apple growers and businesses currently involved in, or considering entering, the apple cider or craft beverages industries. However, the lack of a strong history or experience in selecting, producing, and using cider apples poses a significant challenge to this emerging market. This article reviews the current state of research in cider apple production, including economic feasibility, mechanized management, and cultivar evaluation and improvement.
Metamorphic amphiboles in the Ironwood Iron-Formation, Gogebic Iron Range, Wisconsin: Implications for potential resource development
Authors: Green Carlin J. , Seal Robert R. , Piatak Nadine M. , Cannon William F. , McAleer Ryan J. , Nord Julia A.
Published: February 2020

The Paleoproterozoic Ironwood Iron-Formation, a Superior-type banded iron formation located in the western Gogebic Iron Range in Wisconsin, is one of the largest undeveloped iron ore resources in the United States. Interest in the development of this resource is complicated by potential environmental and health effects related to the presence of amphibole minerals in the Ironwood, a consequence of Mesoproterozoic contact metamorphism. The presence of these amphiboles and their contact metamorphic origin have long been recognized; however, recent interest in this resource has highlighted the lack of detailed knowledge on their distribution, mineral chemistry, and morphology. Optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and electron microprobe analysis were utilized to investigate the origin, distribution, morphology, and chemistry of amphiboles in the Ironwood.

Amphibole is present in the western portion of the study area due to regional-scale contact meta-morphism associated with the intrusion of the 1.1 Ga Mellen Intrusive Complex. Locally amphibole is also present, adjacent to diabase and/or gabbro dikes and sills in the lower-grade Ironwood in the eastern portion of the study area. In both localities, amphiboles in the Ironwood most commonly developed in massive and prismatic habits, and locally assumed a fibrous habit. Fibrous amphiboles were recognized locally in the two potential ore zones of the Ironwood but were not observed in the portion likely to be waste rock. Massive and prismatic amphiboles show a wide range of Mg# [molar Mg/(Mg+Fe2+)] values (0.06 to 0.87), whereas Mg# values of fibrous amphiboles are restricted from 0.14 to 0.35. Factors that influenced the compositional variability of amphiboles in the Ironwood may have included temperature of formation, morphology, bulk chemistry of the iron formation, and variations in prograde and retrograde metamorphism. The presence of amphiboles in the Ironwood is a known issue that will need to be factored into any future mine plans. This study provides an objective assessment of the distribution and character of amphiboles in the Ironwood to aid all decision-makers in any future resource development scenarios.
Hayvan Deneylerinde Verimliliği Artıracak Deney Tasarımları ve Denek Sayısı
Authors: ANKARALI Handan , ANKARALI Seyit
Published: February 2020

Birçok
soruna çözüm getirmek amacıyla hayvanlar üzerinde yürütülen deneysel
araştırmalar, bilimin en temel aşamasıdır. Ancak bu tip denemeler, insan
sağlığı ile ilgili bilimsel araştırmalarda hayati önem arz etmektedir. Çünkü insanlar
ve hayvanlar arasındaki, özellikle memeliler arasındaki anatomik ve fizyolojik
benzerlikler, araştırmacıları, keşiflerini insanlara uygulamadan önce hayvan
modellerinde yeni tedavileri değerlendirmeye ve çok çeşitli mekanizmaları
araştırmaya yönlendirmiştir. Buna karşın yanlış uygulamalar veya planlamanın
eksik yapılması gibi durumlarda hayvanların gereksiz yere telef edilmesi
şiddetle karşı çıkılan bir durumdur. Deneysel araştırmalardan etkin bir şekilde
yararlanabilmek ve etik ihlallerin önüne geçebilmek için planlama aşamasında
dikkat edilmesi gereken birçok konu mevcuttur. Bu çalışmada, hayvan
deneylerinin planlama aşamasında dikkate alınması gereken konular ana hatları
ile incelendi ve uygun denek sayısına karar vermede araştırıcılara yol
gösterecek metodolojilerden bahsedildi. Ayrıca hayvan deneylerinde yaygın
kullanılmayan ancak kullanıldığında denek sayısını ve maliyeti en aza
indirgeyen, deneylerin iç ve dış geçerliliğini artıran deney tasarımlarına
genel olarak değinildi. Son olarak, hayvan deneylerinin aynı materyal ile
tekrarlanmasının ve meta analizlerle değerlendirilmesinin önemi vurgulandı.
Ektopik Gebelik Rüptürü Nedeniyle Postoperatif Yoğun Bakım Ünitesine Alınan Hastalar Üzerine Bir Retrospektif İnceleme
Authors: UZUNDERE Osman , KAÇAR Cem Kıvılcım
Published: February 2020

Amaç: Bu çalışmada, hastanemizde ektopik gebelik rüptürü (EGR)
nedeniyle acilen opere edilen ve sonrasında postoperatif yoğun
bakım ünitesine (YBÜ) alınan hastaların klinik özelliklerini incelemek ve
laboratuvar verileri ile YBÜ’de kalış süresi arasındaki olası ilişkileri retrospektif
olarak değerlendirmek amaçlanmıştır.Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya dosya verilerine ulaşılabilen ve
1.1.2017—1.1.2019 döneminde YBÜ’de yatmış olan 56 kadın hasta
dahil edildi. Hastaların demografik ve klinik özellikleri, laboratuvar
verileri, aldıkları kan ve kan ürünü miktarları ile YBÜ’de kaldıkları gün sayısı
retrospektif olarak kaydedildi. Bulgular: Ortalama
hasta yaşı 30,21±5,26 yıl, ortalama YBÜ’de kalış süresi 1,87±1,20 gün idi.
Hastalara ortalama 1,78±1,76 ünite eritrosit
süspansiyonu (ES), 1,19±1,55 Ü taze
donmuş plazma (TDP) ve 0,03±0,26 Ü trombosit
süspansiyonu (TS) verildi. Hastaların YBÜ’de kalış
süresi ile hematokrit ve platelet değerleri, hemoglobin değeri, ES ve TDP kullanımı,
ve TS kullanımı arasında sırasıyla negatif yönlü zayıf (r=-0,388, p=0,003;
r=-0,380, p=0,004), negatif yönlü orta (r=-0,436, p=0,001), pozitif yönlü orta (r=0,469, p<0,001; r=0,476, p<0,001), ve pozitif
yönlü zayıf (r=0,281, p=0,036) düzeyde korelasyon olduğu saptandı. Ayrıca kan
ve kan ürünleri replasmanı uygulanan hastaların replasman uygulanmayan hastalara
göre YBÜ’de daha uzun süre kaldığı saptandı (p=0,004).

Tartışma ve Sonuç: Düşük
hemoglobin, hematokrit ve platelet değerleri ile YBÜ’de kalış süresi arasında
negatif yönlü, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyon saptandı. Hastalara
verilen ES, TDP ve TS miktarıyla YBÜ’de kalış süresi arasında ise pozitif yönlü
istatistiksel olarak anlamlı korelasyon vardı. Ayrıca daha fazla kan ve kan
ürünleri alan hastaların, YBÜ’de daha uzun süre kaldığı saptandı.
Solution of heat and mass transfer problems with non-linear coefficients
Authors: Aksenov Boris G. , Karyakin Yuri E. , Karyakina Svetlana V.
Published: February 2020

Equations, which have nonlinear nonmonotonic dependence of one of the coefficients on an unknown function, can describe processes of heat and mass transfer. As a rule, existing approximate methods do not provide solutions with acceptable accuracy. Numerical methods do not involve obtaining an analytical expression for the unknown function and require studying the convergence of the algorithm used. The value of absolute error is uncertain. The authors propose an approximate method for solving such problems based on Westphal comparison theorems. The comparison theorems allow finding upper and lower bounds of the unknown exact solution. A special procedure developed for the stepwise improvement of these bounds provide solutions with a given accuracy. There are only a few problems for equations with nonlinear nonmonotonic coefficients for which the exact solution has been obtained. One of such problems, presented in this article, shows the efficiency of the proposed method. The results prove that the proposed method for obtaining bounds of the solution of a nonlinear nonmonotonic equation of parabolic type can be considered as a new method of the approximate analytical solution having guaranteed accuracy. In addition, the proposed here method allows calculating the maximum deviation from the unknown exact solution of the results of other approximate and numerical methods.
Determining the efficiency of functioning of systems of temperature stabilization of soils with horizontal evaporator filled with different refrigerants
Authors: Ishkov Alexey A. , Gubarkov Anatoly A. , Anikin Gennady V.
Published: February 2020

The construction of buildings and structures in the zones of distribution of frozen soils follows the principle I. The bearing capacity of frozen soils significantly depends on their value of negative temperature. When thawed, such soils shrink, which negatively affects the objects built on them. To prevent this, temperature stabilization systems for frozen soils are used.
Simultaneous accounting of the thermal effect on the frozen soil of an engineering object, as well as the temperature stabilization system of soils, is a difficult task, the accuracy of determining the strength characteristics of the soil will depend on the correctness of its solution. This paper presents calculations of the temperature fields of frozen soils with simultaneous exposure to an object with intense heat (RVS with hot oil) and soil temperature stabilization system of the horizontal natural-acting tubular system (GET) type. The calculations follow the previously developed mathematical model of the temperature stabilization system with a horizontal evaporator. The authors consider the efficiency of the operation of the GET system charged with different refrigerants (ammonia and carbon dioxide) for different geocryological subzones of Western Siberia. Particular attention should be paid to the fact that the soil was initially at a close to positive temperature (−0,1 °C), but after calculating for 10 years, the entire soil mass around the evaporation part of the temperature stabilization system froze because of the soil temperature stabilization system. Systems charged with carbon dioxide showed better work efficiency. This is due to two factors: a lower value of the lower critical heat load, which gives more working days per year relative to the system charged with ammonia; and the evaporative part of the system on carbon dioxide, which has the average temperature 1 °C lower than ammonia systems. The results show that carbon dioxide as the heat carrier for the GET system is the most effective.
The effect of the digital core image resolution on permeability
Authors: Shirshov Yakov V. , Stepanov Sergey V.
Published: February 2020

Digital core analysis using three-dimensional tomographic images of the internal structure of porous media has received significant development in recent years. Three-dimensional images of the core obtained with the help of x-ray computer tomography can be used to calculate the filtration properties of rocks. However, the question of the influence of the resolution quality of the three-dimensional core image on the simulation results still remains unanswered. This paper studies the influence of the resolution of the three-dimensional image of the core on the calculated absolute permeability in the case of a model porous medium consisting of axisymmetric conical constrictions of different sizes. Based on the initial representation of the model porous medium, several models with different discretization steps were generated, which correspond to images taken with different resolution. The results show that the resolution (the degree of discretization) significantly affects the calculated absolute permeability of the porous medium. The calculated permeability decreases with increasing sampling step. This is because the small channels are not visible at lower resolutions. Elimination of these channels leads to loss of connectivity of the model.
Gender Differences in Fear of Missing out Experiences among Undergraduate Students in Oman
Authors: Qutishat Mohammed Ghalib
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND:

Students with fear of missing out (FOMO) are profoundly connected and updated with others via constant social media connections to satisfy their needs and self-recognition. They use social media platforms to build new relationships, belong to some social group, remain fully informed, and fulfill their affiliation needs, which can increase their urge to spend more time visiting other people’s profiles and comparing their life achievements with others. Thus, this study has been conceptualized to investigate gender differences of FOMO experiences among undergraduate students in Oman.

METHODS:

A descriptive correlational and cross-sectional study design was chosen to achieve the research purpose among Sultan Qaboos University (SQU) undergraduate students. The total sample was 339. The experiences of fear of missing out was measured by using the Fear of Missing Out scale. The items were measured on a 5-point Likert-scale ranging from (“not at all true of me”) (“extremely true of me”).

RESULTS:

The mean age was approximately 21.56 years. Our study shows a homogeneous gender variation (female 50.15% (n=170), and male 49.85% (n=169)). However, the majority of the participants were single (93.5%), lived out-campus (56%), and in their 5th academic year (33.92%).

:

Males scored higher fear of missing out than females 24.8693 and 22.829, respectively, the results of this study possess a significant gender differences in the experiences of fear of missing out (p = 0.009).

CONCLUSION:

The university students surveyed experienced a moderate level of FOMO. However. Males scored a higher level of fear of missing out than females. They focus more on expanding social connections compared to females. Factors such as culture, norms, and self-image may play a role in experiencing FOMO, more studies are required in that claim.
An In vivo Immunohistochemical Study on MacroH2A.1 in Lung and Lymph-Node Tissues Exposed to an Asbestiform Fiber
Authors: Loreto Carla , Lombardo Claudia , Caltabiano Rosario , Ledda Caterina , Hagnas Maria , Filetti Vera , Rapisarda Venerando
Published: February 2020

Aims:

The aim of this study was to investigate MacroH2A.1 immunoexpression
in tissues of sheep exposed to FE.

Background:

The correlation between asbestiform fibers, lung cancer, pleural
mesothelioma, and other lung diseases is already well established as the
pathophisiological pathophysiological respiratory mechanisms involved by inhalation of
Fluoro-edenite (FE). The latter is represented by cell proliferation and inducing the
release of growth factors, cytokines, and reactive oxygen and nitrite species, with DNA
damage that causes chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis. MacroH2A.1, and histone
variant, seems to play a role in sensing the metabolic state of the cell and linking it with
chromatin. Physiologically, MacroH2A.1 is expressed at low levels in stem cells and it
became upregulated during differentiation, preventing reprogramming of induced
pluripotent stem cells and after nuclear transfer. In particular, MacroH2A.1 has been
shown to explicate a potent antitumor mechanism in vivo as it results upregulated in
senescent cells determining a permanent growth-arrest.

Objective:

Evaluate the possible role of the histone variant in the organism in response
to deep insight understanding the mechanisms of toxicity and the cellular response to
FE.

Methods:

Lung and lymph nodes of exposed sheep were selected. Samples were
processed for histological and immunihistochemical immunohistochemical evaluations.
Densitometric, morphometric, and statistical analysis analyses were conducted.

Results:

Tissue sections of FE exposed sheep demonstrated overexpression of
MacroH2A.1 vs unexposed samples. The data suggest an involvement of these this
molecule in the cellular response triggered by FE directed exposure.

Conclusion:

In this contest, MacroH2A.1 overexpression supports its function as an
epigenetic stabilizer that helps to establish and maintain differentiated states.
Δα,β-Butenolides [Furan-2(5H)-ones]: Ring Construction Approaches and Biological Aspects - A Mini-Review
Authors: Villamizar-Mogotocoro Andrés-Felipe , León-Rojas Andrés-Felipe , Urbina-González Juan-Manuel
Published: February 2020

The five-membered oxacyclic system of furan-2(5H)-ones, commonly named as γ-
butenolides or appropriately as Δα,β-butenolides, is of high interest since many studies have proven its
bioactivity. During the past few years, Δα,β-butenolides have been important synthetic targets, with
several reports of new procedures for their construction. A short compendium of the main different
synthetic methodologies focused on the Δα,β-butenolide ring formation, along with selected examples
of compounds with relevant biological activities of these promising pharmaceutical entities is presented.