bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Az informális kommunikáció hatása a szervezet működésére
Authors: Semeginé Tariszka Éva
Published: January 2021

A szervezeti erőforrások közül az egyik legfontosabbnak az emberi erőforrást tartjuk, felértékelődésével egyre fontosabbá vált a szervezeten belüli kommunikáció, illetve annak szabályozása, így a szervezeti kommunikációs rendszerek felépítése, szervezése és működtetése meghatározó szerepet tölt be a szervezetek életében. A szervezeti problémák sokszor először az informális csatornákon, kapcsolatokban fogalmazódnak meg a függelmi viszonyok és a bizalmi kapcsolatok által meghatározott módon, időnként radikális nyíltsággal és személyeskedő éllel. Az informális csatornák használata során is egyik jellemző jelenség az információk torzulása. A szerző kutatása során feltárta azokat a tényezőket, amelyek az informális csatornák használatát magyarázzák és egyben a szervezeti információáramlás problémáját is kivetítik. Összefoglalva az informális kommunikációra vonatkozó elemzéseket megállapítható, hogy a dolgozók 50%-a használja munkavégzése kapcsán az informális csatornákat. A csatornahasználat okaként elsősorban a kíváncsiságot jelölték meg, második helyen az ellenőrzési funkció áll és harmadik helyen az egyéni igények kielégítését szolgáló baráti beszélgetés. A kutatás célja az volt, hogy a szerző feltárja az okokat, és ez alapján adjon megoldási módszereket arra vonatkozóan, hogyan tudják a szervezetek a kommunikációs stratégiájukban hivatalossá tenni ezeket a csatornákat.
Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Activities of Major Compounds from Tinospora cordifolia Willd. Growing on Mangifera indica L.
Authors: Taechowisan Thongchai
Published: January 2021

Objective To investigate the major constituents of Tinosporacordifolia Willd. growing on Mangiferaindica, and to evaluate the efficacy of their antibacterial and cytotoxicity activities. Methods The ethanolic stem extract of T. cordifolia was subjected to silica gel 60 column chromatography, thin layer chromatography and medium pressure liquid chromatography for isolation of the major compounds. Identification of purified compounds was achieved by spectroscopic methods.. The crude extract and purified compounds were screened for their antibacterial and cytotoxicity properties using standard procedures. Results Two alkaloids were purified and identified as Magnoflorin (1) and Tembetarine (2). These compounds showed high antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus with both MIC (32-64 µg/ml) and MBC (128-256 µg/ml). The cytotoxicity activity of the purified compounds and crude extract was determined using MTT colorimetric assay against L929 and HEK293 cell lines. This showed weak cytotoxicity activity with IC50 values of 1162.24 to 2290.00 µg/ml and 1376.67 to 2585.06 µg/ml towards L929 and HEK293 cell lines, respectively. Conclusion The major compounds present in ethanolic stem extract of T. cordifolia growing on M. indica were extracted, purified and identified. This study suggests that these compounds exhibit great potential for antibacterial activity with weak cytotoxicity activity. They may be useful for their medicinal functions.
Process Evaluation of Auditable Pharmaceutical Transaction Service in Seka primary Hospital, Jimma Zone, South West Ethiopia
Authors: Aboma Daniel , Assefa Yisalemush , Gezahegn Matebe
Published: January 2021

Background
A well-functioning drug supply management is the corner stone for any meaningful health service. However, Pharmaceutical supply systems in many developing countries have severe problems, including inefficient selection, procurement and use of drugs. The magnitude and extent of the problem is huge and chronic in the Ethiopian health care system for a long time.

Objective
To evaluate auditable pharmaceutical transaction service process in Seka primary hospital, Jimma zone south west Ethiopia.

Evaluation Methodology
Case study design involving both quantitative and qualitative methods was conducted in Seka primary hospital. The focus of this evaluation was on the process of Auditable pharmaceutical transaction service. The evaluation was focused on process part of the program with dimensions; availability, compliance and client satisfaction in the dimension of accommodation. Resource inventory, document review; key informant interviews and observations were conducted. Client satisfaction was assessed through exit interview; with sample size of 326. The qualitative data was analyzed manually using thematic analysis and quantitative data were analyzed by using SPSS version 23 software.

Results
In Seka primary hospital, percentage availability of the 32 selected Key medicinewas 10.7(82.0%) and there were no expired drugs found on their shelves. The availability of 17 of the required 20(85%) professionals was adequate according the Auditable pharmaceutical transaction service. The average lead time was found to be less than five days. The average counselling and dispensing time were 5:43 minutes and 1:17 minutes, respectively. The average number of drugs per prescription was 2.0. The 1154(97.9%) of drugs prescribed by generic name and 1175(99.7%) of prescribed drugs on Essential Drug List indicates prescribers ‘adherence to facility specific List.

Conclusion
This evaluation revealed that (based on the pre-set judgment criteria) the achievement of the Auditable pharmaceutical transaction service in Seka primary Hospital was GOOD 82.6 % (achieved 355.2 of 430 weight given), i.e. even though it is Good achievement ,there are areas that needs improvement. Areas for improvement identified were: Pre- and in-service training for all health workers involved in store room and dispensary to improve on the medium counselling time, poor record keeping and the extremely poor labelingof drugs which this all improve the overall client satisfaction.
Efficacy of Bat Guano on Growth and Yield of Some Hybrid Sunflower (Helianthus Annus, L.) Cultivars in Sudan
Authors: Adam Abubaker H. M. , Adam Abdalla , Magid Faiza M.A
Published: January 2021

Today; there is an increasing demand for fertilizers due to the intensive and extensive agricultural activity to meet the ever increasing demand for food and fiber by the rapid world population expansion. This study is mainly concern with the Bat Guano which is usually collected from the Caves. This experiment was conducted at the Farm of the College of Agriculture, University of Bahri, Alkadaro, Khartoum North-Sudan during the period from July to November, 2017 with the objective to investigate the efficacy of Bat Guano and Nitrogen fertilizer on growth and yield of Serena and Opera (Helianthusannus, L.) Hybrid Sunflower cultivars. The study was based on split-plot experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four (4) replications. Data pertaining Plant Height (cm), Leaf Number (LN), Leaf Area (LA), Leaf Area Index (LAI) and Seed Weight (SW) were studied. The said data were analyzed using Statistic 8- software. The results reflected significant increase in plant height (F= 6.05, P < 0.0001, leaf number (F=2.37, P<0.0388), leaf area (F= 7.44, P<0.001), leaf area index (F= 6.53, P < 0.0001) and seed weight of both Sunflower cultivars respectively due to application of Guano and Nitrogen fertilizer compared to the control. It also reflected non-significant difference between all studied traits as application of either Guano or Nitrogen fertilizer. Moreover, all studied characters of the two cultivars have similarly responded to the application of the two types of fertilizers. Further studies are recommended to assess the benefits from the use of Bat Guano as a fertilizer.
Sudden Death Due to Spontaneous Rupture of the Urinary Bladder following Acute Alcohol Inebriation- A Case report and Review of Literature
Authors: Sah Bikash , Jha Shivendra , Pokharel Dikshant
Published: January 2021

Spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder (SRUB) is a rare clinical condition. Prompt diagnosis is often difficult both clinically and radiologically and necessitates a high index of suspicion as the patients present with non-specific abdominal pain and may not offer a clear history. The depressant effect of alcohol further complicates the diagnosis. We report a case of a young male who was unable to seek medical support and was found dead within 12 hours of the onset of abdominal discomfort following acute alcohol intoxication. At autopsy, rupture of the urinary bladder with blood and blood clots was found in the pelvic cavity with no any corresponding external injury. Spontaneous rupture of the urinary bladder is a rare cause of death in acute alcohol intoxication. In order to further understand this rare condition, the review of related literature has been done.
Armenia's experience in achieving an adequate iodine status of the population
Authors: Gerasimov Gregory A. , Hutchings Nicholas , Aslanyan Hrayr , Tovmasyan Irina
Published: January 2021

Armenia was one of the first post-Soviet countries, that after a relatively short break has restored the production of iodized salt at the beginning of the 2000s, and in 2004 adopted a decree that made the production and import of iodized salt mandatory, as well as its use in the food industry. A 2016 national survey showed high sustainability of the iodine prophylaxis program in Armenia – median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) in schoolchildren and pregnant women (PW) was in the optimal range (242 and 226 μg/l, respectively), and coverage of households with quality iodized salt was 95%. In addition to iodized salt used in households, more than 50% of iodine was consumed with processed foods, primarily bakery products. An essential advantage of the iodine prophylaxis program in Armenia is that it provides adequate iodine status not only for the general population, but also for PW. At the same time about 37% of PW used iodine supplements, which were not necessary. The experience of Armenia shows that the analysis of screening datasets for neonatal hypothyroidism screening makes it possible to efficiently and at minimal cost annually evaluate the iodine status of the population. And if the frequency of TSH levels > 5 mIU/L exceeds 3%, the health authorities should consider this as an alarm and conduct a more detailed assessment to find out the cause of the iodine status insufficiency and take appropriate measures
Immunohistochemical study on the expression/hyperexpression of aberrant/eutopic receptors in patients with bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia
Authors: Chevais A. , Selivanova L. S. , Kuznetzov N. S. , Derkatch D. А. , Yukina M. Y. , Beltsevich D. G.
Published: January 2021

Bilateral macronodular adrenal hyperplasia (BMAH) is a rare cause of Cushing’s syndrome. In this case cortisol production can be regulated by both genetic factors and various molecular mechanisms. The presence of aberrant or overexpression of eutopic receptors on the membrane of adrenal cortex may lead to activation of cAMP/PKA signaling pathways and consequently, pathological stimulation of steroidogenesis. Since proving the effectiveness of unilateral adrenalectomy in BMAH by achievement of stable remission, preoperative clinical and laboratory tests (ligand-induced tests) are no longer of relevant. Nevertheless, in the absence of normalization of the level of cortisol in the postoperative period or its recurrence, subsequent specific targeted medical options can be offered only if expression/hyperexpression predominance of one or another receptor. Their detection becomes possible using more reliable diagnostic methods such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunohistochemical studies (IHC) than clinical laboratory tests. At the moment, PCR has gained a wider application. This article summarizes data on the use of immunohistochemical study in BMAH.
Differential diagnosis of normocalcemic hyperparathyroidism and idiopathic hypercalciuria on the example of clinical case
Authors: Runova G. E. , Golounina O. O. , Glinkina I. V. , Sych Yu. P. , Fadeev V. V.
Published: January 2021

Idiopathic hypercalciuria is a heterogeneous generalized disorder caused by various defects in calcium transport and increased urinary calcium excretion. The main etiopathogenetic factors are violations of vitamin D metabolism, changes in the sensitivity of calcitriol receptors and violations of the processes of calcium reabsorption in the proximal tubules and in the ascending knee of the Henle loop. This article presents a clinical observation of patient with idiopathic hypercalciuria, initially high levels of parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the absence of hyperparathyroidism. Therapy with thiazide diuretics allowed to achieve normalization of daily urinary calcium excretion and reducing PTH. Despite the low prevalence of idiopathic hypercalciuria, differential diagnosis of this metabolic disorder should be carried out with mandatory consideration of clinical and laboratory data, as well as with diseases that may cause increased PTH production.
Preparation of the dialysis patient with type 1 diabetes mellitus for kidney transplantation
Authors: Martynov S. A. , Severina A. S. , Larina I. I. , Shamhalova M. S. , Arzumanov S. V. , Pinchuk A. V. , Shestakova M. V.
Published: January 2021

Kidney transplantation is unique method of renal replacement therapy, allowing to improve quality and duration of life for patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM1) and end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis therapy. Recently using of innovation technologies for diabetes management and modern immunosuppression enable achieving better results of posttransplant rehabilitation for patients with DM1, especially if kidney transplantation is performed early after initiation of dialysis. Detailed examination of patient with DM1 before potential kidney transplantation is very important to reduce of early and late postoperative complications. Kidney transplantation preparation includes effective glycemic control, adequate dialysis therapy, treatment of diabetes and ESRD complications and concomitant conditions, especially cardiovascular diseases, accounting for kidney transplantation perspective. Furthermore, diagnostics and treatment of any infectious process, timely vaccination, cancer screening are basic approaches of kidney transplantation preparation program, providing the best survival rate of kidney graft and patient.
Vitamin D and pregnancy: current state of the problem in the central regions of the Russian Federation
Authors: Platonova N. M. , Rybakova A. A. , Nikankina L. V. , Malysheva N. M. , Andreeva E. N. , Pokusaeva V. N. , Boyko E. L. , Troshina E. A.
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: It has been proven that vitamin D plays an important role in pregnancy. Deficiency of this element may be associated with the risk of developing gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, placentar insufficiency, low birth weight and premature birth.AIMS: To conduct an epidemiological analysis of vitamin D supply in women at different stages of pregnancy, living in Russia.MATERIALS AND METHODS: We included 1198 pregnant women living in 3 regions of Russia in the observational, multicenter, cross-sectional, continuous study. All pregnant women were tested for serum 25(OH)D levels. We collected biomaterial from August 2018 to December 2019. The end point of the study was the indicator of vitamin D supply in pregnant women and its level depending on the trimester of pregnancy and region of Russia. Statistical analysis included counting and grouping according to vitamin D levels, and calculating the median vitamin D concentration in each region.RESULTS: We confirmed vitamin D deficiency in all regions. The optimum level of this element is present in less than 7% of women. Insufficiency of this element is present in 20,62% of all women. The largest percentage of them is in a deficit of this element — 46,66%. We found that the lowest rates are in Smolensk, where the median was 12,75 ng/ml. In addition, we found changes in vitamin D concentration: with an increase in gestational age revealed a decrease in its level.CONCLUSIONS: In our study, we confirmed the presence of a 25(OH)D deficiency in most of the examined pregnant women, which is consistent with international epidemiological data. We should remember about these both at the stage of pre-gravid preparation and at the stage of pregnancy itself in order to achieve the optimal level of vitamin D.
Scholars and Literati at the “Mersenne” Academy (1635–1648)
Authors: De la Croix David , Duchêne Julie
Published: January 2021

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who participated in the “Mersenne” Academy in Paris.
Scholars and Literati at the University of Pont-à-Mousson (1572–1768)
Authors: De la Croix David , Karioun Soraya
Published: January 2021

This note is a summary description of the set of scholars and literati who taught at the Jesuit University of Pont-à-Mousson from its inception in 1572 to its transfer to Nancy in 1768.
Risk Factors for Stunting under Two-Year-Old Children in Surabaya
Authors: Maulina Cintia , Rachmayanti Riris Diana
Published: January 2021

Background: Indonesia is the fifth-highest number of stunting incidence in the world. Mothers’ conditions before, during, and after pregnancy were as major  cause of stunting. This study aims to analyze the risk factors of stunting among children under two in Surabaya. Method: Analytical survey with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 233 selected samples from December 2019 to January 2020. Dataset for the Chi-square test comes from the measurement of the body height of under two-year-old children and interviews with mothers.Results: It shows that factor related to stunting under two-year-old children in Surabaya is history of Antenatal Care (ANC) during pregnancy (p-value =0,005). Pregnant mother who did non-routine ANC may risk 0,360 times higher to stunting condition. The incidence of stunting in Surabaya is not influenced by factors such as age, education, work status, income, history of Fe and protein consumption. Health office shoud encourage pregnant women to do ANC more than 4 times during pregnancy.
Pendidikan Kesehatan Menggunakan Metode Audiovisual dalam Meningkatkan Pengetahuan Ibu Merawat Anak dengan Stunting
Authors: Fadyllah Muhammad Ilham , Prasetyo Yoyok Bekti
Published: January 2021

Background: Mother's knowledge is an important aspect to overcome stunting among children. Audiovisual health education is the best strategy to increase maternal knowledge. This study aimed to analyze the effects of health education using audiovisual methods in improving mothers' ability to care for children with stunting.Method: Data obtained from relevant databases. A systematic search for studies on health education using audiovisual media to increase mothers' knowledge in caring for children with stunting. The data was collected by searching for data based on article data published on the Scopus search, PubMed, Science Direct, Wiley Online Library. Articles screened using PRISM (Preferred. Reporting Items for Systematic. Reviews and Meta-analyses). The report is analyzed using the Nvivo software package version 12 plus (QSR International Inc., Burlington, MA, the USA with a matrix framework).Results: The use of audiovisuals in health education can increase mothers' knowledge in caring for children with chronic nutrition or stunting. The audiovisual information about stunting was delivered in some methods, such as education classes, TV commercials, health education, and online video. The video duration was about 5-6 minutes.
Almost graded multiplication and almost graded comultiplication modules
Authors: Bataineh Malik , Abu-Dawwas Rashid , Shtayat Jenan
Published: January 2021

Let G be a group with identity e, R be a G-graded commutative ring with a nonzero unity 1 and M be a G-graded R-module. In this article, we introduce and study the concept of almost graded multiplication modules as a generalization of graded multiplication modules; a graded R-module M is said to be almost graded multiplication if whenever a\in h(R) satisfies {\text{Ann}}_{R}(aM)={\text{Ann}}_{R}(M), then (0{:}_{M}a)=\{0\}. Also, we introduce and study the concept of almost graded comultiplication modules as a generalization of graded comultiplication modules; a graded R-module M is said to be almost graded comultiplication if whenever a\in h(R) satisfies {\text{Ann}}_{R}(aM)={\text{Ann}}_{R}(M), then aM=M. We investigate several properties of these classes of graded modules.
Applications of some operators on supra topological spaces
Authors: Asaad Baravan A. , Al-shami Tareq M. , Abo-Tabl El-Sayed A.
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the notion of an operator \gamma on a supra topological space (X,\mu ) is studied and then utilized to analyze supra \gamma -open sets. The notions of {\mu }_{\gamma }-g.closed sets on the subspace are introduced and investigated. Furthermore, some new {\mu }_{\gamma }-separation axioms are formulated and the relationships between them are shown. Moreover, some characterizations of the new functions via operator \gamma on \mu are presented and investigated. Finally, we give some properties of {S}_{(\gamma ,\beta )}-closed graph and strongly {S}_{(\gamma ,\beta )}-closed graph.
Piissimusandpientissimus: two nonexistent superlatives ofpius?
Authors: Tantimonaco Silvia
Published: January 2021

The combined analysis of epigraphic, literary and grammatical sources allows light to be shed on linguistic problems concerning the two superlatives ofpius,piissimusandpientissimus, which have been mostly overlooked by scholars to date. Regarding the first superlative, Cicero says that it does not exist in Latin (CIC.Phil. 13.43.9), whereas the second form is exclusively attested in epigraphy, with no occurrences in ancient literary or scholarly texts. Moreover, the morphology ofpientissimuscannot be explained according to Classical Latin rules, since the only verb which is semantically related topius,piare, belongs to the first conjugation (it also does not fit semantically). In the present paper, we will try to demonstrate thatpiissimuswas generally avoided in the literature of the Classical age based on linguistic purism, though it was probably used in colloquial Latin, and definitely normalized as a standard form in the Post-Classical age, as can be seen in both the literary and epigraphic instances of this word. In the case ofpientissimus, this may have initially spread in the epigraphic domain, and subsequently entered so-called Vulgar Latin.
Spleno-adrenal fusion mimicking an adrenal metastasis of a renal cell carcinoma: A case report and embryological background
Authors: Tüdös Zbyněk , Szász Paulína , Veverková Lucia , Hruška František , Hartmann Igor , Škarda Jozef , Thomas Rohit Philip
Published: January 2021

Foci of splenic tissue separated from the spleen can occur as a congenital anomaly. Isolated nodules of splenic tissue are called accessory spleens or spleniculli. However, nodules of splenic tissue can merge with other organs during embryonic development, in which case we speak of spleno-visceral fusions: most often, they merge with the tail of the pancreas (thus forming spleno-pancreatic fusion or an intrapancreatic accessory spleen), with the reproductive gland (i.e., spleno-gonadal fusion), or with the kidney (i.e., spleno-renal fusion). Our case report describes the fusion of heterotopic splenic tissue with the right adrenal gland, which was misinterpreted as a metastasis of a renal cell carcinoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of spleno-adrenal fusion. Spleno-visceral fusions usually represent asymptomatic conditions; their main clinical significance lies in the confusion they cause and its misinterpretation as tumors of other organs. We believe that the cause of retroperitoneal spleno-visceral fusions is the anomalous migration of splenic cells along the dorsal mesentery to the urogenital ridge, together with primitive germ cells, at the end of the fifth week and during the sixth week of embryonic age. This theory explains the possible origin of spleno-visceral fusions, their different frequency of occurrence, and the predominance of findings on the left side.
Characterizing macropore structure of agrosoddy-podzolic soil using computed tomography
Authors: Belik Aleksandra A. , Kokoreva Anna A. , Bolotov Andrei G. , Dembovetskii Aleksandr V. , Kolupaeva Victoria N. , Korost Dmitry V. , Khomyak Alexei N.
Published: January 2021

The agrosoddy-podzolic soil (Eutric Albic Glossic Retisol (Abruptic, Loamic, Aric, Cutanic)) is typical for Moscow Oblast and is used for agricultural purposes, resulting in use of various agrochemicals and pesticides. The presence of macropores and cracks in such soils leads to preferential water and substance transfer and nonequilibrium conditions. Therefore, it is important to study the numerical characteristics of the pore space of soils to adjust mathematical models of substance transfer. Undisturbed soil monoliths 10 cm in diameter taken from Ap (from 0 to 30 cm) and E, BE horizons (from 30 to 50 cm) were investigated under the field moisture conditions and after saturation using the tomographic core analyzer RKT-180 with the resolution of 200 μm/pixel. Using the X-ray computer tomography, it has been established that the plough layer of the agrosoddy-podzolic soil contains over 7% of macropores larger than 1 mm, while the subsurface layer has a porosity of about 3%. After saturation, some of the inter-aggregate pores overlap, which leads to a decrease in the total porosity to 4% in the upper and 2% in lower horizons, as well as increase in the average pore diameter. The number of macropores determined by tomographic analysis is one third higher than the values calculated using pedotransfer functions for this soil. The data obtained in this paper are recommended for use in national scenarios of migration of substances (pesticides, agrochemicals, salts) in soils.
Fermented compost and N-fertilizer for enhancing the growth and productivity of purple eggplant on vertisols
Authors: Amalia Lia , Budiasih Raden , Ria Elly Roosma , Widodo Raden Wahyono , Kuswati Upit
Published: January 2021

The soil fertility and nutrient availability are limiting factors for growth and plant development. Fermented compost and nitrogen (N)-fertilizer are useful as sources of nutrients to support the growth of plant and microorganisms in soils. The combination of biological fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can support the concept of sustainable and integrated agriculture and minimize the adverse effects of chemical fertilizers. The research was conducted to get the recommended dose of fermented compost and N-fertilizer to increase the plant height and productivity of purple eggplant. The experiment was arranged as factorialized randomized block design and consisted of two factors and two replications, namely fermented compost dose (0, 5, 10, and 15 t ha−1) and N-fertilizer dose (0, 75, 150, and 225 kg ha−1). The observed responses were increase in plant height and productivity of purple eggplant. Compared to the control, the application of 15 t ha−1fermented compost and 225 kg ha−1N-fertilizer increased the plant height by 40.76% at 30 days after planting and 57.59% at 37 days after planting and increased the purple eggplant yield by 43.15%. BC ratio of the fermented compost (15 t ha−1) is 1.16 and BC ratio of the N-fertilizer (225 kg ha−1) is 1.09. Recommended dose to increase the plant height and productivity of purple eggplant in vertisol is 15 t ha−1of fermented compost and 225 kg ha−1of N-fertilizer.
Pain sensitivity increases more in younger runners during an ultra-marathon
Authors: Agnew James W. , Roy Alexandre L. , Hammer Steven B. , Strale Frederick F.
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Ultra-endurance research interest has increased in parallel with an increased worldwide participation in these extreme activities. Pain-related data for the growing population of ultra-endurance athletes, however, is insufficient. More data is especially needed regarding the variation in the aging populations of these athletes. We have previously shown that peripheral and central pain sensitivity increases during an ultra-marathon. To further clarify these changes in pain sensitivity during ultra-endurance competition we investigated these variations in two age populations: Younger runners ≤ 39-year-old (younger) and an older group of runners being ≥ 40 years of age (older).

Methods

Subjects were recruited from ultra-marathon competitions held over a three-year period in Florida, USA. All courses were flat with either hard macadam surface or soft sandy trails; run in hot, humid weather conditions. Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was measured with a pressure algometer on the distal, dominant arm before and immediately after an ultra-marathon. Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) was also measured pre and post, immediately after the PPT by placing the non-dominant hand in a cold-water bath maintained at 13.5 ± 1.5 °C. The difference between the pre and post measurements for both PPT and CPM were calculated and referred to as ΔPPT and ΔCPM, respectively for analysis. Data were analyzed with a Mixed 2 × 2 (Within X Between) MANOVA.

Results

Both PPT and CPM decreased during the ultra-marathons (p<0.05) in the younger group of runners. In the older runners there was not a statistically significant decrease in PPT during the ultramarathons whereas CPM did significantly decrease statistically (p=0.031). The ΔPPT was less in the older group compared to the younger group (p=0.018). The difference between the younger and older groups ΔCPM approached statistical significance at p=0.093.

Conclusions

This statistical evidence suggests that the overall increase in peripheral and possibly central pain sensitivity was different between our age groups. Pain sensitivity during the ultra-marathon increased more in our younger group of runners than in our older group. This study suggests that there is an unidentified factor in an older population of ultra-marathon runners that results in an attenuated increase in pain sensitivity during an ultra-endurance activity. These factors may include a decreased innate immune response, lower fitness level, lower exertion during the ultra-marathon, variation in endorphin, enkephalin, endocannabinoid and psychological factors in the older age runners.
Dirty Dancing – Erzählungen über Streetdance im Z6
Authors: Munisch Kumar Maurice
Published: January 2021

Im Jugendzentrum z6 in Innsbruck entsteht Anfang der 1990er Jahre eine Streetdancegruppe. Sie besteht zum großen Teil aus den Kindern der ersten Gastarbeiter_innen-Generation. Diese Arbeit untersucht aus europäisch-ethnologischer Perspektive, welche Bedeutung Streetdance für die Tänzer_innen und die Subkultur in der Stadt hatte. Dabei werden die Erzählungen und die Erinnerungen der ehemaligen Tänzer_innen in den Mittelpunkt gerückt und im Sinne der kulturwissenschaftlichen Bewusstseinsanalyse aus gegenwärtiger Sicht kontexualisiert. Im Zentrum der Forschung steht, wie durch das Tanzen eigene Identitätskonstruktionen – jenseits von kulturalistischen und stigmatisierenden Zuschreibungen – ermöglicht werden, denn Tanzen ist politisch!
Markus Freitag (2017): Die Psyche des Politischen. Was der Charakter über unser politisches Denken und Handeln verrät. Politik und Gesellschaft in der Schweiz
Authors: Zmerli Sonja
Published: January 2021

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Thomas Schmidinger (2020): Sudan. Unvollendete Revolution in einem brüchigen Land
Authors: Pospisil Jan
Published: January 2021

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Research Focused on Doctoral-Level Counselor Education: A Scoping Review
Authors: Litherland Gideon , Schulthes Gretchen
Published: January 2021

The aim of this study was to develop an understanding of the research scholarship focused on doctoral-level counselor education. Using the 2016 Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) doctoral standards as a frame to understand coverage of the research, we employed a scoping review methodology across four databases: ERIC, GaleOneFile, PsycINFO, and PubMed. Research between 2005 and 2019 was examined which resulted in identification of 39 articles covering at least one of the 2016 CACREP doctoral core areas. Implications for counseling researchers and counselor educators are discussed. This scoping research demonstrates the limited corpus of research on doctoral-level counselor education and highlights the need for future, organized scholarship.
Components of a High-Quality Doctoral Program in Counselor Education and Supervision
Authors: Preston Jennifer , Trepal Heather , Morgan Ashley , Jacques Justin , Smith Joshua D. , Field Thomas A.
Published: January 2021

The doctoral degree in counselor education and supervision is increasingly sought after by students, with the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP) reporting a 27% enrollment increase in just a 4-year span. As new programs are started and existing programs sustained, administrators and faculty may be seeking guidance in how to build a high-quality program. Yet no literature currently exists for how doctoral counseling faculty define a high-quality program. This study used a basic qualitative research design to examine faculty perceptions of high-quality doctoral programs (N = 15). The authors analyzed data from in-depth interviews with core faculty members at CACREP-accredited doctoral programs. Five themes emerged from the data: relationships, mission alignment, development of a counselor educator identity, inclusiveness of diversity, and Carnegie classification. The findings of this study can be important for faculty and administrators to consider when establishing and maintaining a counselor education and supervision doctoral program.
Faculty Perspectives on Strategies for Successful Navigation of the Dissertation Process in Counselor Education
Authors: Ghoston Michelle , Grimes Tameka , Graham Jasmine , Grimes Justin , Field Thomas A.
Published: January 2021

This research was conducted as part of a larger qualitative study that involved the collection and analysis of in-depth interviews with 15 counselor educators at counselor education and supervision doctoral programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). The participants were asked to identify strategies used to help students navigate the dissertation process and if the strategies were successful. Structural and relational strategies were identified as significant to the successful completion of the dissertation process. Although additional research is necessary to determine if the strategies are successful for faculty and students in other counselor education and supervision doctoral programs, we identified five themes that support the completion of the dissertation process: (a) mechanics of the program, (b) supportive environment, (c) selecting and working with committee members, (d) intentionality in developing a scholar identity, and (e) accountability.
The Minority Fellowship Program: Promoting Representation Within Counselor Education and Supervision
Authors: Branco Susan F. , Davis Melonie
Published: January 2021

In 2012, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration awarded funding for the Minority Fellowship Program (MFP) to be managed by the National Board for Certified Counselors (NBCC) Foundation. The MFP aims to increase representation of minoritized students enrolled in counselor education and supervision doctoral programs accredited by the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs (CACREP). From 2012 to 2018, the NBCC MFP has disseminated 20–24 monetary fellowships each year. This article reviews representation within counselor education, offers a history of the MFP, provides doctoral fellowship recipient outcome data, and concludes with implications for counselor education.
High-fat diet induces an ovulatory defect associated with dysregulated endothelin-2 in mice
Authors: Hohos Natalie M , Elliott Emily M , Giornazi Asma , Silva Elena , Rice John D , Skaznik-Wikiel Malgorzata E
Published: January 2021

High-fat diet (HFD) consumption in female rodents causes impaired estrous cyclicity, fewer pups per litter, and dysregulation of key ovulatory genes suggesting that HFD-induced subfertility may be due to ovulatory dysfunction. To test this hypothesis female mice were fed chow or HFD for 10 weeks at which point ovulation and ovarian gene expression of endothelin-2 (Edn2), a gene critical for ovulation, were assessed. After 10 weeks of HFD, both mice that remained lean and those that became obese had fewer ovulated oocytes than chow controls (P = 0.041, P = 0.0030, respectively). In chow controls, Edn2 was expressed as expected with basal levels during diestrus and proestrus, increased 11.6-fold during estrus, and decreased to basal levels during metestrus. In HFD mice, Edn2 was dysregulated across the entire estrous cycle as were other Edn2 system components (endothelin converting enzyme 1 (Ece-1), and the endothelin receptors (Ednra, Ednrb)). Interestingly, we found dysregulation of key ovarian steroidogenic genes after HFD. We also found that estradiol treatment in prepubertal mice increased Edn2 expression in the ovary (P = 0.030), suggesting that impaired steroidogenesis may be involved in the HFD-induced dysregulation of ovarian Edn2. In conclusion, HFD leads to ovulatory dysfunction regardless of the development of obesity, which appears to be mediated through dysregulation of ovarian Edn2 expression.
El marco curricular de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria: posibilidades para la formación de competencias en sostenibilidad
Authors: Tomás María Patta , Murga Menoyo María Ángeles
Published: January 2021

Los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) hacen necesaria la formación de competencias en sostenibilidad. El trabajo analiza la coherencia entre las competencias exigidas por el currículo oficial de las asignaturas Biología y Geología de 1º de ESO y las competencias clave para el logro de la Agenda 2030 de la ONU. Se realiza un análisis comparativo de los elementos que conforman ambas categorías de competencias y se identifica su presencia explicita en el marco curricular de ambas asignaturas. Se constata la  ausencia en el temario oficial de los conceptos de sistema, sostenibilidad y desarrollo sostenible y un déficit acusado de la competencia sistémica que afecta a la adquisición de todas las demás.  El efecto es un alumnado formado para comprender conceptos, hechos y situaciones aisladas, aunque con insuficiente conocimiento de las interrelaciones que se producen en la realidad ecosocial, cuestión imprescindible para el logro de los ODS.
Lobos e bestas, vacas e eucaliptos
Authors: Alonso Pedro
Published: January 2021

Neste ensaio abórdase unha revisión dalgúns dos aspectos da bioloxía e a ecoloxía do lobo no norte de Galicia  como un dos elementos que  máis inciden na configuración da identidade rural galega  e no aproveitamento gandeiro extensivo dos montes e, dentro deste, na cría dos cabalos bravos. Entre realidades cruzadas, como o cultivo intensivo de eucaliptos, os incendios e o cambio climático, o texto tenta atopar unha dirección que seguir nun mundo rural que esmorece.
Greenwashing, marketing ecologista y marketing ecológico: El caso de Mattel y Asia Pulp & Paper
Authors: Ruiz Córdoba María , Candón-Mena José
Published: January 2021

El greenwashing consiste en el uso de publicidad engañosa y otras técnicas para presentar a las empresas como medioambientalmente responsables ocultando su verdadero impacto ambiental. En este artículo contraponemos el greenwashing con el marketing ecológico, que implica un verdadero esfuerzo para integrar los valores ecológicos compatible con los fines de lucro, y con el marketing ecologista, llevado a cabo por las ONG ambientalistas y empleado a menudo para desenmascarar las prácticas de greenwashing. Presentamos el caso de estudio de Mattel y Asia Pulp&Paper, cuyas prácticas de greenwashing fueron denunciadas por ONG como Greenpeace y WWF, y describimos cómo estas denuncias forzaron a las empresas a emprender verdaderas acciones de marketing ecológico. Concluimos mostrando la interrelación entre greenwashing y marketing ecologista y presentando el marketing ecológico como la apuesta más eficaz para garantizar la sostenibilidad tanto de las empresas como del medio ambiente.
Tabla de volumen comercial para teca clonal en diferentes índices de sitio en la Zona Norte de Costa Rica
Authors: Barrantes-Madrigal Katherine , Murillo-Cruz Rafael , Ávila-Arias Carlos , Fonseca-González William , Barquero-Elizondo Ana Isabel
Published: January 2021

[Introducción]: Es necesario cuantificar y predecir con confiabilidad el volumen de madera para facilitar la gestión de la producción forestal. [Objetivo]: Elaborar tablas de volumen comercial a partir de la selección de modelos matemáticos en distintas calidades de sitio, para plantaciones clonales de Tectona grandis L.f. [Metodología]: Se evaluaron 3 calidades de sitio, según el índice de sitio (IS) 27, 24 y 21, respectivamente. A 263 árboles en pie (119 árboles para el IS27, 119 para el IS24 y 28 para el IS21) se les midió el diámetro al tocón y a 1.3 m sobre el nivel del suelo. Posteriormente, cada 1.5 m, hasta completar la altura total. El volumen del árbol se obtuvo mediante la sumatoria de cada sección cubicada con la fórmula de Smalian. Para cada índice de sitio, se ajustaron modelos por el método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios con el paquete estadístico Statgraphics Centurion XVI. Se verificó el cumplimiento de los supuestos de autocorrelación de los residuos mediante la prueba de Durbin-Watson. La selección del modelo se hizo a partir de la sumatoria basada en la normalización de los parámetros estadísticos evaluados. [Resultados]: Los modelos seleccionados tuvieron buenos ajustes (R2≥ 94 %), bajos errores de estimación (≤ 3 %), muy prácticos por usar solo el diámetro normal (DAP) como variable predictora. [Conclusiones]: Junto con la tabla de volumen comercial construida, los modelos son una herramienta útil para cuantificar, de forma rápida y precisa, el volumen comercial con corteza de teca clonal hasta 15 cm de diámetro mínimo.
Evaluación del crecimiento de Cedrela odorata L. en sistemas agroforestales con café en Pérez Zeledón, Costa Rica
Authors: Carvajal-Arroyo David , Murillo-Cruz Rafael , González Rojas Mariela , Fonseca-González William
Published: January 2021

[Introducción]: La combinación de árboles maderables con cultivos agrícolas presenta muchas ventajas a nivel de finca, más cuando las especies usadas poseen alto valor comercial. [Objetivo]: Se propuso evaluar el crecimiento de cedro amargo (C. odorata) en sistemas agroforestales con café mediante una caracterización dasométrica y el desarrollo de modelos alométricos para la predicción del volumen total por árbol. [Metodología]: Se establecieron 140 parcelas temporales rectangulares de 1 000 m2 con cedro entre uno y 20 años y se midió el diámetro a 1.3 m (DAP), la altura total (Ht) y comercial (Hc) de cada árbol. Se generaron 14 modelos que predicen el volumen total por árbol a partir del DAP, la edad y la altura; para el conjunto de edades (de 1 a 20 años) y para rangos (cada 5 años). También se generó un modelo de volumen comercial en función del DAP y otros relacionando las demás variables. [Resultados]: El modelo general predice el volumen total según el DAP con un R2=0.99 mientras que los modelos por rango de edad obtuvieron un R2 mayor a 0.95. El coeficiente de determinación del modelo de volumen comercial fue de 0.79 [Conclusiones]: Tanto el modelo general como el de rangos, predicen exitosamente el volumen, no obstante, el de rangos estima mejor el volumen total entre los 11 y 16 años, mientras que para el resto de las edades el modelo general es más recomendable.
Evaluación de la sostenibilidad en el cultivo de plátano, Caribe Sur, Costa Rica
Authors: Sánchez-Brenes Ronald J. , Arboleda-Julio Esteban
Published: January 2021

[Introducción]: Los plátanos por sus valores nutritivos se ubican entre los principales alimentos producidos a nivel mundial. Crece en los trópicos y son cultivados por pequeños agricultores que lo usan para economía de subsistencia y consumo. En Costa Rica, las plantaciones de plátano se ubican en diferentes sectores del país, una de las regiones más importantes es la región Huetar Atlántica (RHA). [Objetivo]: Se evaluaron indicadores de sostenibilidad adaptados a la realidad de sistemas productivos tradicionales y sistemas convencionales de pequeños productores de plátano en el Caribe Sur de Costa Rica, mediante la herramienta Sustainability Assessment of Food and Agriculture (SAFA) de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO, por sus siglas en inglés). [Metodología]: Esta investigación se desarrolló en el Caribe Sur de Costa Rica, distritos de Bratsi y Sixaola, pertenecientes al cantón de Talamanca. Esta región cuenta con una precipitación de 2387 mm anuales y una temperatura promedio de 26.5 °C.  Se estudiaron dos sistemas productivos tradicionales y dos convencionales, con una extensión de 2 500 m2, cada uno. Se aplicó SAFA, herramienta holística para medir sostenibilidad en sistemas de producción agrícolas mediante 41 indicadores de integridad ambiental, resiliencia económica y bienestar social. [Resultados]:  La integridad ambiental reflejó puntajes entre 42 y 87 %. Resiliencia económica, 78 y 96 % y bienestar social 81 a 96 %. [Conclusiones]: La evaluación de la sostenibilidad evidenció que los sistemas tradicionales tuvieron mejor puntaje que los convencionales.
Análisis comparativo de susceptibilidad de erosión y evaluación de incertidumbre en la subcuenca del Río Claro, Costa Rica
Authors: Pérez-Rubio Iván , Flores Daniel , Vargas Christian , Mende Andreas , Jiménez Francisco
Published: January 2021

[Introducción]: La deforestación y la gestión insostenible de los sistemas de producción agrícola y ganadero en áreas montañosas han provocado la degradación de la tierra y una progresiva reducción en la provisión de los servicios ecosistémicos. [Objetivo]: En este artículo se desarrolla un análisis espacial de susceptibilidad de erosión en la subcuenca del río Claro, en el cordón montañoso Fila Cruces, en la región del Pacífico Sur de Costa Rica. [Metodología]: Para ello se aplicaron los métodos de regresión logística y redes neuronales artificiales integrados en un entorno de sistemas de información geográfica (GIS) y empleando herramientas de teledetección. En ambos modelos se consideraron los siguientes factores explicativos: uso del suelo, geomorfología, pendiente, distancia euclidiana a la red de drenaje e índice de vegetación diferencial normalizado (NDVI, en sus siglas en inglés). Los mapas de susceptibilidad de erosión fueron validados independientemente por medio de la función características operativas del receptor (ROC, por sus siglas en inglés). [Resultados]: El modelo de redes neuronales artificiales obtuvo un poder predictivo superior al de regresión logística con base en el valor calculado del área debajo de la curva (AUC, por sus siglas en inglés). Los factores con mayor poder explicativo variaron en función del modelo utilizado [Conclusiones]: Los mapas de susceptibilidad de erosión mostraron una elevada alteración ecológica en términos de la probabilidad de ocurrencia de procesos de erosión, especialmente en la parte alta de la subcuenca, en terrenos ocupados por fincas de ganadería extensiva y elevada pendiente.