bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges Experienced by South African Indigenous Musicians: A Critical Discourse Analysis
Authors: Yende Sakhiseni Joseph
Published: November 2023

Framed within social constructivism theory, this article argued that government, organisations, and stakeholders could foster and promote collaboration, community engagement, cultural recognition and policy advocacy to address the socio-economic challenges faced by Indigenous African musicians. With an increasing number of indigenous African musicians who greatly contribute to the country’s cultural landscape, South Africa is well renowned for its incredibly rich and diversified heritage of music. However, due to modern influences and globalisation, there are growing concerns that indigenous African musicians are facing significant obstacles in the music industry that have implications for preserving and promoting cultural heritage. A sensitive endeavour that calls for careful navigation and adaptation is balancing classical aspects with modern musical genres. It was against this background that this article set out to critically discuss and raise awareness of the challenges experienced by South African Indigenous musicians. A qualitative research method was adopted together with critical discourse analysis as the primary methodology. The findings of this article pointed out that indigenous African musicians face several socio-economic challenges in pursuing their artistic careers. The findings of this article affirmed that there is a need to empower indigenous African musicians through educational programmes and financial support from various stakeholders to preserve South African culture, identity, and indigenous languages in the globalised world. Keywords: Cultural Heritage, Indigenous African Musicians, Indigenous Languages, Socio-economy, Sociomusicology
FACTORS INFLUENCING WOMEN’S ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: A CASE STUDY
Authors: Raudeliūnienė Jurgita , Matar Ibrahim
Published: November 2023

Studying women’s entrepreneurial intentions is critical not only for encouraging women’s entrepreneurship but also for developing their entrepreneurial competencies. However, in the case of Lebanon, there is still a gap in the scientific studies related to identifying factors influencing women’s entrepreneurial intentions. In order to fulfill this gap, this research analyzes the main factors influencing Lebanese women’s entrepreneurial intentions: dominance, innovativeness, independence, and social encouragement. A scientific literature review was conducted to develop the research model and propose the research hypotheses. A survey questionnaire was prepared and distributed online to collect data from 620 Lebanese women. Then, the collected data was analyzed and presented employing descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, PLS structural equation modeling techniques, and importance-performance map analysis. The findings revealed significant relationships between the research variables except for women’s independence. Also, the findings showed that social encouragement for women partially mediates the relationship between innovativeness and women’s entrepreneurial intentions.
The Aligned Orbit of the Eccentric Proto Hot Jupiter TOI-3362b*
Authors: Espinoza-Retamal Juan I. , Brahm Rafael , Petrovich Cristobal , Jordán Andrés , Stefánsson Guđmundur , Sedaghati Elyar , Hobson Melissa J. , Muñoz Diego J. , Boyle Gavin , Leiva Rodrigo , Suc Vincent
Published: November 2023

High-eccentricity tidal migration predicts the existence of highly eccentric proto hot Jupiters on the “tidal circularization track,” meaning that they might eventually become hot Jupiters, but that their migratory journey remains incomplete. Having experienced moderate amounts of tidal evolution of their orbital elements, proto hot Jupiter systems can be powerful test beds for the underlying mechanisms of eccentricity growth. Notably, they may be used for discriminating between variants of high-eccentricity migration, each predicting a distinct evolution of misalignment between the star and the planet’s orbit. We constrain the spin–orbit misalignment of the proto hot Jupiter TOI-3362b with high-precision radial-velocity observations using ESPRESSO at Very Large Telescope. The observations reveal a sky-projected obliquity

λ
=

1.2

−
2.7

+
2.8

° and constrain the orbital eccentricity to e = 0.720 ± 0.016, making it one of the most eccentric gas giants for which the obliquity has been measured. Although the large eccentricity and the striking orbit alignment of the planet are puzzling, we suggest that ongoing coplanar high-eccentricity migration driven by a distant companion is a possible explanation for the system's architecture. This distant companion would need to reside beyond 5 au at 95% confidence to be compatible with the available radial-velocity observations.
Constraining the Properties of Black Hole Seeds from the Farthest Quasars
Authors: Fragione Giacomo , Pacucci Fabio
Published: November 2023

Over 60 yr after the discovery of the first quasar, more than 275 such sources are identified in the epoch of reionization at z > 6. JWST is now exploring higher redshifts (z ≳ 8) and lower-mass (≲107
M
⊙) ranges. The discovery of progressively farther quasars is instrumental to constraining the properties of the first population of black holes (BHs), or BH seeds, formed at z ∼ 20–30. For the first time, we use Bayesian analysis of the most comprehensive catalog of quasars at z > 6 to constrain the distribution of BH seeds. We show that the mass distribution of BH seeds can be effectively described by combining a power law and a lognormal function tailored to the mass ranges associated with light and heavy seeds, assuming Eddington-limited growth and early seeding time. Our analysis reveals a power-law slope of

−

0.70

−
0.46

+
0.46

and a lognormal mean of

4.44

−
0.30

+
0.30

. The inferred values of the Eddington ratio, the duty cycle, and the mean radiative efficiency are

0.82

−
0.10

+
0.10

,

0.66

−
0.23

+
0.23

, and

0.06

−
0.02

+
0.02

, respectively. Models that solely incorporate a power law or a lognormal distribution within the specific mass range corresponding to light and heavy seeds are statistically strongly disfavored, unlike models not restricted to this specific range. Our results suggest that including both components is necessary to comprehensively account for the masses of high-redshift quasars, and that both light and heavy seeds formed in the early Universe and grew to form the population of quasars we observe.
Black Hole Mergers Driven by a Captured Low-mass Companion
Authors: Lepp Stephen , Martin Rebecca G. , Zhang Bing
Published: November 2023

Increased eccentricity of a black hole binary leads to reduced merger times. With n-body simulations and analytic approximations including the effects of general relativity (GR), we show that even a low-mass companion orbiting a black hole binary can cause significant eccentricity oscillations of the binary as a result of the Kozai–Lidov mechanism. A companion with a mass as low as about 1% of the binary mass can drive the binary eccentricity up to ≳0.8, while a mass of a few percent can drive eccentricities greater than 0.98. For low-mass companions, this mechanism requires the companion to be on an orbit that is closer to retrograde than to prograde to the binary orbit, and this may occur through capture of the third body. The effects of GR limit the radial range for the companion for which this mechanism works for the closest binaries. The merger timescale may be reduced by several orders of magnitude for a captured companion mass of only a few percent of the binary mass.
Rapid Evolution of the White Dwarf Pulsar AR Scorpii
Authors: Garnavich Peter , Potter Stephen B. , Buckley David A. H. , van Dyk Anke , Egbo Daniel , Littlefield Colin , Greiveldinger Anousha
Published: November 2023

Analysis of AR Sco optical light curves spanning 9 yr shows a secular change in the relative amplitudes of the beat pulse pairs generated by the two magnetic poles of its rotating white dwarf. Recent photometry now shows that the primary and secondary beat pulses have similar amplitudes, while in 2015 the primary pulse was approximately twice that of the secondary peak. The equalization in the beat pulse amplitudes is also seen in the linearly polarized flux. This rapid evolution is consistent with precession of the white dwarf spin axis. The observations imply that the pulse amplitudes cycle over a period of ≳40 yr but that the upper limit is currently poorly constrained. If precession is the mechanism driving the evolution, then over the next 10 yr the ratio of the beat pulse amplitudes will reach a maximum followed by a return to asymmetric beat pulses.
Notulae to the Italian flora of algae, bryophtes, fungi and lichens: 16
Authors: Ravera Sonia , Vizzini Alfredo , Totti Cecilia , Puglisi Marta , Azzella Mattia Martin , Battaglini Andrea , Bernardo Liliana , Bonini Ilaria , Calvia Giacomo , Cancellieri Laura , Cantonati Marco , De Giuseppe Antonio B. , Fačkovcová Zuzana , Filibeck Goffredo , Galasso Gabriele , Galli Roberta , Gheza Gabriele , Guttová Anna , Hafellner Josef , Isocrono Deborah , Malíček Jiří , Nascimbene Juri , Nimis Pier Luigi , Ongaro Silvia , Pandeli Giulio , Paoli Luca , Passalacqua Nicodemo G. , Potenza Giovanna , Prosser Filippo , Puntillo Domenico , Rosati Leonardo , Rossi Sabrina , Rapaccini Gianluca , Sicoli Giovanni , Spitale Daniel , Trainito Egidio
Published: November 2023

In this contribution, new data concerning algae, bryophytes, fungi and lichens of the Italian flora are presented. It includes new records and confirmations for the algal genera Acetabularia, Nitella, and Nitellopsis for the bryophyte genera Drepanocladus, Fissidens, Hookeria, and Weissia, the fungal genera Alnicola, Arthonia, Cortinarius, Inocybe, Leucoagaricus, Neohygrocybe, and Puccinia and the lichen genera Bacidina, Chaenotheca, Flavoplaca, Gyalecta, Heterodermia, Rinodina, Scytinium, and Squamarina.
Gelidocalamus albozonatus (Poaceae, Bambusoideae), a new species from the southeast of Chongqing, China, and analysis of the morphological diversity in the core group of Gelidocalamus
Authors: Li Yong-Long , Guo Rong , Zhang Hong-Jing , Yi Si-Rong , Yang Guang-Yao , Zhang Wen-Gen
Published: November 2023

Gelidocalamus albozonatus W. G. Zhang, S. R. Yi & Y. L. Li, a new species of Gelidocalamus, collected from Pengshui County of Chongqing City in China, was described and illustrated herein. In this study, key morphological characters were compared between the new species and other eight “gelido-” members of Gelidocalamus. By using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), its leaf epidermal characters were observed in comparison with those of another three Gelidocalamus representatives. Our results show that the new taxon has the typical characteristics of the genus Gelidocalamus, both macromorphologically and micromorphologically. Moreover, it was most similar to G. tessellatus, but differed by a ring of white tomenta below per node, culm sheath base with densely purple verrucous setae and foliage leaf blades mesophyll.
Melanoseris kangdingensis (Lactucinae, Cichorieae, Asteraceae), a new species reported from western Sichuan, China
Authors: Zhong Qian-Qian , Wang Ze-Huan , Xu Jia-Ju , Sun Qin-Wen
Published: November 2023

Melanoseris kangdingensis, a new species native to western Sichuan, China, is firstly described and illustrated, and its conservation status is also assessed. It bears resemblance to M. macrantha and M. bracteata in terms of morphology; however, there are distinguishing characteristics in terms of their leaf structure, presence of bracts, hairiness of involucre, number of florets, and length of both stamen tube and achene’s beak.
La difficile fondation de la « Sainte-Chapelle » de Dijon
Authors: Mouillebouche Hervé
Published: November 2023

La fameuse « Sainte-Chapelle de Dijon » est réputée avoir été fondée en 1172 par Hugues II, duc de Bourgogne, au retour de la croisade. L’étude des actes les plus anciens conservés par cette institution montre que ce duc a bien obtenu, à cette date, un privilège du pape pour construire un couvent à Dijon, et qu’il a fait libérer un terrain pour sa construction dès 1173. En revanche, les deux actes solennels, prétendus de 1172, qui énumèrent les privilèges de la Chapelle et qui en font « la tête du duché et la tour de salut du duc », sont visiblement un peu postérieurs, et viennent parachever une gestation difficile de la nouvelle fondation ducale. La charte brève pourrait avoir été promulguée par Hugues III en 1190 à la veille de son nouveau départ en croisade, et la charte longue a vraisemblablement été rédigée en 1192, à l’annonce de sa mort, pour la prise de fonction de son fils Eudes III.
Érasme et le vin
Authors: Barral-Baron Marie
Published: November 2023

La référence au vin est constante dans l’œuvre d’Érasme, aussi bien dans sa correspondance que dans ses textes majeurs ( Colloques, Adages, Traités de civilité …). Érasme ne s’est jamais présenté comme un anachorète et croit au contraire profondément que la présence du Christ jaillit lorsque des amis se réunissent autour d’un verre de vin. Habité par les textes des Anciens et par les Évangiles, Érasme sait que le vin a été célébré bien avant lui et il ne cesse de se référer aux paraboles bibliques ou aux adages grecs. Convaincu que le vin est source de vie et de bienfaits, il boit chaque jour sa boisson préférée, issue des terres de Bourgogne, qui embrassent alors aussi les vignobles du Jura et de Besançon. Lorsque la vieillesse le frappe, le vin n’apparaît plus seulement comme un délicieux nectar qui permet d’oublier les tourments du siècle, mais aussi comme un puissant remède. Associé à des aromates, appliqué en compresses, le vin est définitivement pour Érasme le symbole de la joie, de la foi et de la charité.
Écrire la mort dans les États de Bourgogne à la fin du Moyen Âge
Authors: Quéruel Danielle
Published: November 2023

Les écrivains au service des ducs de Bourgogne et en particulier de Philippe le Bon célèbrent le pouvoir de la mort et traduisent les peurs des hommes. Philippe le Bon accueillit à sa cour des artistes qui représentèrent la mort avec un art inégalé : peintres flamands, concepteurs de retables, sculpteurs de tombeaux ou de pleurants et auteurs prolixes, sensibles à l’histoire de l’humanité. L’article étudie quelques-unes de ces œuvres, notamment celle de Georges Chastelain, le plus prolixe de tous, auteur notamment d’une déploration funèbre du duc, qui ouvre la voie à un véritable genre littéraire, avec le thème biblique de l’ Ubi sunt que reprendra Villon ou encore ceux des Trois morts et des Trois vifs , de la Danse macabre , du Mors de la pome et du pas  – du passage – inévitable de la mort. La dimension chrétienne de ce « miroir de mort » s’appuie sur la description de l’angoisse des fins dernières et sur la conduite qu’il faut adopter avant de mourir afin de gagner le salut de l’âme. Les textes de Chastelain, d’Amé de Montgesoie, de Simon Gréban, d’Olivier de la Marche ( Le Chevalier délibéré ) ou encore de Jean Molinet sont tous composés de façon parallèle : invectives à la Mort, affliction des survivants, éloge du défunt dont le souvenir persistant apparaît comme une victoire contre la mort.
Paris et Vienne : un manuscrit, trois incunables
Authors: Colombo Timelli Maria
Published: November 2023

Du roman de Paris et Vienne composé dans le sud de la France par Pierre de La Cépède, subsistent une version longue (dont la rédaction dite « bourguignonne », transmise par le manuscrit Bruxelles, KBR, 9632-9633, est illustrée par le Maître de Jean de Wavrin) et une version courte transmise par une seule copie manuscrite, mais qui a connu une vaste fortune grâce à un passage précoce à l’imprimé. L’article étudie en parallèle le manuscrit, les deux incunables lyonnais et l’incunable anversois : étude de la structure (mise en chapitres, titres), des leçons et des variantes. Il faut souligner le rôle du premier imprimeur lyonnais, Le Roy, qui maintient des leçons proches de la copie manuscrite, tout en en introduisant d’autres, les plus nombreuses, qui se maintiendront dans la suite de la transmission, notamment dans la version anversoise de Leeu. Cependant l’incunable de Le Roy n’est pas exempt d’erreurs, dont certaines ont été corrigées par ses successeurs, certaines uniquement par l’incunable anversois. Le travail de ces imprimeurs est à prendre en compte. Loin d’être des transmetteurs passifs, ils veulent fournir à leurs lecteurs des livres à la fois beaux et corrects.
« Obbedite alle autorità costituite »
Authors: Simonetta Stefano
Published: November 2023

Le chapitre 13 de l’Épître aux Romains pose les bases sur lesquelles repose toute la conception du pouvoir dans la pensée politique médiévale. L’objectif de cet article est de reconstruire le processus de longue durée par lequel l’Occident latin a progressivement admis et théorisé la possibilité de désobéir aux autorités temporelles, bien que dans le cadre d’une théorie du pouvoir (à savoir la théorie paulino-augustinienne du pouvoir), qui semble ne laisser aucune place à la dissidence, conférant à chaque potestas une origine divine et une nature providentielle. L’auteur retrace les principales étapes de ce processus : de l’idée que pour obtenir l’obéissance inconditionnelle de ses sujets, il faut se montrer «  rex christianissimus  » (protéger les personnes et les biens des ministres du Christ), à la difficile légitimation du tyrannicide chez Jean de Salisbury ; des pages de Thomas d’Aquin sur la déposition d’un souverain qui ne se soucie pas de la communis utilitas , à la reconnaissance explicite du pouvoir de destitution des seigneurs séculiers par certains théoriciens politiques des xiv e  et xv e  siècles.
Obéissance et raison selon Thomas d’Aquin
Authors: Hoffmann Tobias
Published: November 2023

Selon Thomas d’Aquin, l’obéissance consiste à suivre les ordres d’un supérieur. La personne obéissante agit donc selon la raison d’un autre. Cet article étudie les fondements et les conditions d’une obéissance raisonnable. Il est montré que, pour Thomas, le caractère raisonnable de l’obéissance se fonde d’un côté sur un ordre objectif entre les personnes qui sont investies d’une autorité légitime et leurs subordonnés. À cet égard, il sera éclairci par rapport à qui et sous quelles conditions l’obéissance est soit nécessaire, soit non nécessaire, soit illégitime, d’après Thomas. D’un autre côté, l’obéissance raisonnable exige que la personne obéissante discerne la légitimité de l’autorité du supérieur et de l’ordre donné et qu’il le mette en pratique en utilisant sa propre prudence, plutôt que de s’appuyer entièrement sur la prudence du supérieur. Selon Thomas, cela est nécessaire aussi pour les religieux qui font un vœu d’obéissance. Ils renoncent à leur propre volonté en suivant les ordres des supérieurs, mais ils ne renoncent pas à leur intelligence par laquelle ils les évaluent et les mettent en pratique.
Dynamic correlation among title transfer facility natural gas, Brent oil and electricity EPEX spot markets: Spillover effects of economic shocks on returns and volatility
Authors: Soutinho Gustavo , Ribeiro Vítor Miguel , Soares Isabel
Published: November 2023

This research explores the spillover effects in the directional movement of returns and the persistence of shocks among three prominent energy spot markets: title transfer facility for natural gas, Brent crude oil and electricity markets from monthly price data spanning January 2010 to September 2022. Methodologically, we initially employ bivariate vector autoregressive models to detect potential lagged return effects from one spot market on another. Then, we examine the impact on the conditional mean returns and volatility across these spot markets using the standard dynamic conditional correlation (DCC) model, as well as the respective asymmetric (ADCC) and flexible (FDCC) extensions. In addition, we accommodate innovative insights that include recent datasets on the COVID-19 crisis and the Ukrainian war, which constitute a new addition to the existent literature. The empirical findings confirm the significant impact of these two unprecedented moments of contemporaneous history, given that both events are substantiated by an exponential increase in prices and by a rise in volatility. However, the effect on returns was not uniform across the time series. Specifically, there was a consistent increase in volatility for natural gas and electricity from the start of 2020 until the end of 2022, while Brent oil exhibited a substantial peak only in the first half of 2020. This study also reveals that previous lagged returns within each market, particularly for Brent oil and electricity, had statistically significant effects on current returns. There was also a robust unidirectional positive spillover effect from the Brent oil market to the returns of electricity and the natural gas markets. The study also reveals the presence of a weak positive autocorrelation between natural gas and electricity returns, and positive shocks to returns had a more pronounced impact on volatility compared to negative shocks across all the time series.
Optimal strategy for removal of greenhouse gas in the atmosphere to avert global climate crisis
Authors: Ahmed N. U. , Biswas Saroj
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we propose a space-time dynamic model for describing the temporal evolution of greenhouse gas concentration in the atmosphere. We use this dynamic model to develop an optimal control strategy for reduction of atmospheric pollutants. We prove the existence of optimal policies subject to control constraints. Further, we present necessary conditions of optimality using which one can determine such policies. A convergence theorem for computation of the optimal policies is also presented. Simulation results illustrate removal of greenhouse gas using the optimal policies.
Inverse chi-square-based flamingo search optimization with machine learning-based security solution for Internet of Things edge devices
Authors: Alotaibi Youseef , Deepa R , Shankar K , Rajendran Surendran
Published: November 2023

Internet of Things (IoT) edge devices are becoming extremely popular because of their ability to process data locally, conserve bandwidth, and reduce latency. However, with the developing count of IoT devices, threat detection, and security are becoming major concerns. IoT edge devices must avoid cyber threats and protect user data. These devices frequently take limited resources and can run on lightweight operating systems, which makes them vulnerable to security attacks. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) can be run on edge devices to recognize suspicious actions and possible risks. These systems monitor traffic patterns, and behavior, and identify attack signatures to detect and report on possible attacks. This study presents a design for an inverse chi square-based flamingo search optimization algorithm with machine learning (ICSFSO-ML) as a security solution for Internet of Things edge devices. The goal of the ICSFSO-ML technique is to apply ML and metaheuristics for threat recognition in IoT edge devices. To reduce the high dimensionality problem, the ICSFSO-ML technique uses the ICSFSO algorithm for feature selection purposes. Further, the ICSFSO-ML technique exploits the stacked bidirectional long short-term memory (SBiLSTM) model for the threat detection process. To enhance the efficacy of the SBiLSTM model, an arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) is applied for the hyperparameter selection process. The simulation performance of the ICSFSO-ML technique can be tested on a benchmark threat database. The performance analysis showed the benefits of the ICSFSO-ML methodology compared to existing methodologies with a maximum accuracy of 98.22%.
Dynamic analysis of two fishery capture models with a variable search rate and fuzzy biological parameters
Authors: Guo Hua , Tian Yuan , Sun Kaibiao , Song Xinyu
Published: November 2023

The fishery resource is a kind of important renewable resource and it is closely connected with people's production and life. However, fishery resources are not inexhaustible, so it has become an important research topic to develop fishery resources reasonably and ensure their sustainability. In the current study, considering the environment changes in the system, a fishery model with a variable predator search rate and fuzzy biological parameters was established first and then two modes of capture strategies were introduced to achieve fishery resource exploitation. For the fishery model in a continuous capture mode, the dynamic properties were analyzed and the results show that predator search rate, imprecision indexes and capture efforts have a certain impact on the existence and stability of the coexistence equilibrium. The bionomic equilibrium and optimal capture strategy were also discussed. For the fishery model in a state-dependent feedback capture mode, the complex dynamics including the existence and stability of the periodic solutions were investigated. Besides the theoretical results, numerical simulations were implemented step by step and the effects of predator search rate, fuzzy biological parameters and capture efforts on the system were demonstrated. This study not only enriched the related content of fishery dynamics, but also provided certain reference for the development and utilization of fishery resources under the environment with uncertain parameters.
Public Toilets in Brussels' Public Spaces: Necessity or Nuisance?
Authors: Maes Lien , Melgaço Lucas
Published: November 2023

Pour que les espaces publics soient à la fois accessibles et accueillants, il est essentiel d’y mettre à disposition des toilettes publiques de qualité. Cette nécessité concerne tout particulièrement les femmes ainsi que des groupes plus spécifiques, notamment les personnes âgées, les personnes souffrant d’un problème de santé ou handicapées, et les personnes sans domicile fixe. Malgré leur importance, les toilettes publiques sont souvent synonymes de saleté et de désagréments, et évoquent des espaces utilisés à des fins pour lesquelles ils n’ont pas été conçus : consommation de drogues, rencontres sexuelles ou abris de fortune, par exemple. Ainsi, les toilettes publiques témoignent de la complexité des espaces publics partagés. À Bruxelles en particulier, des entretiens ont été menés auprès des autorités et des organisations concernées, et des observations ont été effectuées sur le terrain afin d’étudier l’importance que revêtent les toilettes publiques pour les espaces publics. Dans cet article, il est question des nuisances liées aux toilettes publiques et des difficultés rencontrées pour remédier de manière efficace aux usages détournés qui en sont faits.
Les apprentissages d’un RETEX scientifique et collectif sur l’ouragan Irma (saison cyclonique 2017, Petites-Antilles du Nord, projet ANR TIREX)
Authors: Leone Frédéric , Bérard Yann , Defossez Stéphanie , Desarthe Jérémy , Duvat Virginie , Grancher Delphine , Palany Philippe , Zahibo Narcisse
Published: November 2023

Cet article revient sur la saison cyclonique 2017, qui a fortement impacté les Petites-Antilles, en particulier lors du passage de l’ouragan Irma sur les îles de Saint-Martin et de Saint-Barthélemy. Il présente les principaux résultats d’un retour d’expérience scientifique, collectif et multi-dimensionnel, mené durant cinq années dans le cadre du projet de recherche ANR TIREX. Au-delà de ses multiples apprentissages, le projet explore des modalités de transfert des connaissances vers les populations et les décideurs, et questionne la pratique du RETEX en général. TIREX a permis notamment d’améliorer l’alerte cyclonique aux Antilles, d’identifier les facteurs de vulnérabilité hérités, de comprendre les processus d’endommagement liés au vent et à la mer, de suivre les dynamiques de relèvement territorial et humain aux échelles individuelles et collectives, et plus globalement de renforcer les capacités d’adaptation et de réponse des sociétés antillaises face aux ouragans.
Rivale ou complémentaire de l’Éducation nationale ? Les enjeux de l’entrée en administration de l’éducation populaire (1944-1948)
Authors: Vennin Léo
Published: November 2023

En revenant sur les années fondatrices de la Libération et de l’instauration de la Quatrième République, cet article cherche à questionner les enjeux de la prise en charge par la puissance publique de l’éducation populaire. En germe sous le Front populaire et envisagé sous Vichy, ce projet d’administration publique d’un secteur privé à vocation éducative renseigne sur la dynamique de construction de l’État social. La question de la nature de la politique d’éducation populaire est ainsi posée : s’il s’agit d’une politique éducative, comment prolonger l’action de l’Éducation nationale sans pour autant remettre en question son magistère, son identité, et sans rendre trop saillantes ses lacunes ? S’il s’agit d’une politique autonome, quel est son champ d’application, et quel est le devenir de l’« alternatif » ? L’inscription sinueuse dans l’ordre administratif d’un espace bureaucratique autonomisé, adossé à l’élaboration d’une doctrine propre, met au jour la tension entre rivalité et complémentarité vis-à-vis de l’Éducation nationale. Pour répondre à ces interrogations, la présente contribution se fonde sur le dépouillement de dossiers des Archives nationales, complété par celui d’archives associatives réunies au Pôle de conservation des archives des associations de jeunesse et d’éducation populaire (PAJEP).
« Une subvention sous forme humaine » : la mise à disposition d’instituteurs auprès des œuvres complémentaires de l’école laïque (1940-1980)
Authors: Besse Laurent
Published: November 2023

L’article retrace la mise à disposition (MAD) gratuite par l’Éducation nationale d’instituteurs auprès des associations périscolaires laïques d’éducation populaire. Cet arrangement institutionnel naît de mobilisations locales, sous Vichy et à la Libération, dans un contexte de désorganisation de la gestion des enseignants. Appuyé par des inspecteurs d’académie, il est officialisé à partir de 1951 par l’administration centrale. Au nom de la lutte laïque, le Syndicat national des instituteurs accepte des entorses à ses principes de gestion des carrières. Les associations laïques bénéficient d’un personnel très majoritairement masculin qui facilite la professionnalisation de leurs activités. La MAD, dont la permanence illustre les effets de l’inertie institutionnelle et la force des réseaux enseignants laïques même sous des gouvernements de droite, ne débouche toutefois pas sur une construction plus pérenne, y compris lorsqu’entre 1968 et 1972 les responsables associatifs espèrent construire une complémentarité entre école et périscolaire. La montée en puissance du second degré et l’urbanisation la font progressivement apparaître en décalage avec les réalités sociales et scolaires.
Théodore Simon, précurseur d’une psychopédagogie de l’orientation
Authors: Martin Jérôme
Published: November 2023

Le psychiatre Théodore Simon est surtout connu pour sa collaboration avec Alfred Binet à l’origine de l’Échelle métrique de l’intelligence. Mais il peut être considéré comme un fondateur d’une conception psychopédagogique de l’orientation alternative à la conception psychotechnique. Dans les nombreux articles qu’il publie dans le Manuel général de l’instruction primaire entre 1920 et 1939 il initie les instituteurs à l’utilisation de la psychologie scientifique par la mise en place d’expériences pédagogiques dans les classes. Il préconise l’utilisation de l’Échelle métrique de l’intelligence mais dans une perspective clinique d’observation des élèves. La psychopédagogie défendue par Simon s’applique également à l’orientation. Elle se distingue de la conception dominante représentée par Henri Piéron et l’INETOP qui repose sur des tests d’aptitudes. Comme Binet, Simon conteste la possibilité de distinguer des aptitudes qui seraient fixes et séparables. Au contraire, l’Échelle métrique et la méthode clinique permettent une approche globale de l’élève. L’orientation est intégrée aux pratiques pédagogiques et consiste, par l’utilisation de la psychologie scientifique, dans l’observation continue des élèves engagés dans des activités scolaires. Simon propose ainsi une psychopédagogie de l’orientation très différente de la psychotechnique.
Le Parti communiste français à la recherche de sa politique scolaire (1921-1934)
Authors: Robert André D. , Kahn Pierre
Published: November 2023

Cet article s’intéresse à la façon dont le jeune Parti communiste (PC), Section française de l’Internationale communiste (SFIC), issu du congrès de Tours (25-30 décembre 1920) a traité les questions scolaires et éducatives ; sur la base d’archives et de documents de diverses natures, il interroge les tâtonnements de sa doctrine en matière scolaire. L’article décrit tout d’abord l’effervescence politique et pédagogique caractéristique de cette nouvelle formation qui, tout en s’étant majoritairement ralliée aux 21 conditions d’adhésion à la IIIe Internationale, n’en est pas moins traversée par une forte tension entre une « logique du pari » émancipatrice et une « logique du soupçon » marquée par la radicalité. Cette tension donne matière, sur le plan scolaire et éducatif, à des conceptions très nettement opposées que reflètent les débats et les luttes internes au mouvement syndical révolutionnaire, le parti se plaçant d’abord (1921-1924) en position de dépendance vis-à-vis de cette forme de syndicalisme enseignant. À partir du tournant dit de la bolchevisation, en 1924, s’impose la conception référée au modèle soviétique et à l’idée que, dans la société de classes, l’école ne peut être que « bourgeoise » sans que s’efface pour autant, notamment au niveau de l’action scolaire dans les municipalités gérées par le PC, la pratique d’un « réformisme officieux » composant avec la culture pédagogique traditionnelle. La réflexion générale finale interroge la manière dont s’est opéré, certes au gré des évolutions de la politique de l’Internationale, un « travail du négatif » conduisant à l’élaboration d’une politique scolaire à la fois plus autonome et plus en prise sur l’héritage français, qui s’exprimera de plus en plus nettement sous le Front populaire et à la Libération.
Indian Environmental Management
Authors: A. M. Sumi , Chandrasekar K. S.
Published: November 2023

India, a country known for its rich biodiversity and environmental challenges, has witnessed the emergence of numerous women leaders in environmental management. These leaders have played pivotal roles in shaping policies, implementing sustainable practices, and promoting environmental conservation nationwide. Women leaders in India have actively participated in policy formulation and governance processes related to the environment. Their contributions have resulted in implementing several environmental initiatives, including the protection of forests, the conservation of wildlife, and the promotion of sustainable land and resource management practices. They have established ecological education programs and encouraged youth and communities to adopt eco-friendly practices. Despite this, women leaders in environmental management in India face various challenges. This chapter provides an overview of the role of women leaders in environmental management in India. It highlights their contributions, the challenges faced, and the impact of their leadership on various ecological issues.
Role of Women Leaders to Deal With Environmental Crisis
Authors: Singh Katyayani , Mishra Rohit
Published: November 2023

Human consciousness is the pre-requisite for equality and equality postulates the involvement of women leadership in the environment in every sphere. Though the 21st century is characterized as the century of globalization and new technology and we have witnessed science and technology grow by leaps and bounds, the gender disparity in society persists till date. The spirit of patriarchal mindset seems to be looming over society at large which makes it difficult for women to come out as the frontrunners. Hence, the major challenge women face as leaders is primarily of getting the recognition as a leader. In this chapter the socio-political thoughts of the state and society, the perception about women leaders would be explored with a comparative aspect to understand that whether the challenges women face in environmental management are different from the challenges they must face in other spheres. Further, the chapter would explore the role and success of women leaders in environmental management to educate and train the society about environmental concerns.
Navigating the Unknown
Authors: Frederickson Ty R. , Reinert Paul M.
Published: November 2023

This purpose of this qualitative study was to apply the four central tenets of Schlossberg's transition theory—situation, self, social support, and strategies—to the experiences of 10 international school leaders in 10 different countries who guided their schools through multiple transitions between in-person and virtual learning during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. The leaders' experiences shared five common elements: (1) feelings of pervasive and persistent uncertainty, (2) recognition of the importance of communication and shared leadership, (3) attention to providing for stakeholders' social and emotional and physical health, (4) the leaders' need to care for themselves, and (5) responding effectively required creativity and flexibility. The findings provide guidance for identifying priorities, developing leadership models, and the leadership characteristics and behaviors that can be effective during times of unexpected and far-reaching crisis.
Exploring the Relationship Between Teacher Empowerment and Retention in International Schools
Authors: Stojanovski Emilija
Published: November 2023

The problem is empowerment is not clearly defined and therefore perceived as vague. Turnover of high-quality teachers negatively impacts school culture and student achievement and is costly. A quantitative study to investigate the relationship between teacher retention and empowerment was conducted by the author in international schools in East Asia. A moderate correlation (r=.393) between structural empowerment and teacher retention and a modest correlation (r=.323) between psychological empowerment and retention was found. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between teacher empowerment and retention in other geographical regions, the Middle East, Africa, and Europe, and compare them to the original study. Another aim was to explain and provide insights into some of the findings of the original study. Similarities and differences between international schools in the investigated regions, a potential relationship between access to support and competence, and a difference between retention in Type A, B, and C schools were identified.
International Schools and the World
Authors: Gardner-McTaggart Alexander
Published: November 2023

The autonomous and franchised international schools' context tends towards starry eyed conscience marketing to supply a very real bottom line. Despite this, these schools live or die by authenticity and quality. Educators and their students are often deeply invested in the rising calamity of our time and demand real, cogent, and affective practice and policy from their schools. Any senior leader in this sector can easily struggle to locate their school in a 21st century reality of melting icecaps, species extinction, hyperbolic injustice and inequity, particularly balancing these facts with the consumer narratives of their customers. Educational leaders then are often faced with little more than the ubiquitous reproduction of privilege for a banal cosmopolitan class of individualist consumers, where school values act to sanctify personal inequity and school membership confers the absolution of the confessional. This work is notable for its critical engagement with a phenomenon of lapsed moral and epistemological rigour at a time when crises threaten humanity's ongoing existence.
The Ethnic Gap in Teacher Salaries in International Schools
Authors: Hammer Liam Leslie
Published: November 2023

This chapter aims to outline the phenomenon known as split salaries in international schools. This qualitative phenomenological study explores the research question, What are the lived work experiences and perceptions of host country national (HCN) teachers employed in international schools utilizing a split-salary scale? Rawls' theory of justice as fairness served as the theoretical framework to answer the research question. Ten HCN teachers took part in one-on-one, semi-structured interviews. Three key themes emerged—power, othering, and the cost of compromise—as national teachers struggle to reconcile working in an environment that implicitly suggests they will never be good enough. This research can inform administrators and school owners that international schools should no longer be bastions of privilege and that using a purely business approach to staffing does not align with international school missions.
Beyond “Interculturalspeak”
Authors: Huckle Jacob
Published: November 2023

This chapter critiques the way in which the concept of intercultural understanding is conceived in many international schools. It takes the international baccalaureate (IB) as a case study of the dominant approach to intercultural understanding and analyses IB documents to identify five key problematic assumptions that underpin this approach. A broader contextualisation locates these assumptions within a liberal multiculturalist paradigm in which intercultural matters are approached in simplistic and acritical ways, an orientation characterised by Dervin as ‘interculturalspeak'. The chapter then draws upon theories of Adrian Holliday to argue that such an approach is inadequate given the inequities and power asymmetries present in many international schools, as revealed by recent ethnographic studies. It is argued that international schools should adopt a more critical and reflexive approach to intercultural understanding in which students can engage with rich cultural complexities and challenge the inequitable power hierarchies related to culture(s) within their schools.
Developing Effective Teacher-Student Relationships in International Schools in China
Authors: Warren Timothy D.
Published: November 2023

Establishing and maintaining productive and supportive relationships between teachers and students is critical in all educational environments. However, this can be particularly challenging in the international school setting where Western teachers frequently facilitate learning for culturally and ethnically non-Western students. This chapter describes a qualitative case study that identified strategies, understandings, and perceptions that effective Western teachers employed to develop effective relationships and facilitate high levels of learning with Chinese and other Confucian Heritage Culture (CHC) middle level students. Analysis of interview and observational data from an international school in mainland China revealed six positive relationship-oriented themes integrated into teachers' instructional practices. This study highlights the importance of cultural understanding and the need for teachers to recognize and adapt to changing international school demographics and to prioritize the cultural, social, and emotional needs of their diverse students.
Enhancing Multilingual Learner (ML) Program Decisions in English Medium International Schools
Authors: Morrin Lynne M.
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this chapter is to identify what factors English medium international schools currently use to make multilingual learners (MLs) program decisions and to explore the benefits of utilizing students' multilingual assets in the decision-making process. There is limited information about factors English medium international schools use to determine EAL program models. The researcher collected EAL policies from participating schools and surveyed and interviewed 18 teachers and seven administrators from seven schools in six East Asian countries. The chapter provides suggestions for international schools with EAL programs to make changes to utilize MLs' assets in EAL programming and instructional practices. These include reviewing and revising existing EAL policies and placement decisions to include MLs' multilingual assets, providing staff professional development on what multilingual assets are and the importance and rationale of utilizing them, and putting protocols in place to enable effective communication about MLs' multilingual assets between all relevant stakeholders.
Journeying Towards Belonging
Authors: Fernando-Smith Loretta Fern
Published: November 2023

This chapter builds an understanding of belonging and examines it in the context of international schools in an increasingly global world. It focuses on the early years and explores a case study at a well-established international school with eighteen 4- to 6-year-old children. Together with the children, the researcher co-constructs understandings around young children's ontological perceptions of belonging. The research explores children's views of what enables and what hinders belonging in ethnically, culturally, and linguistically diverse international educational spaces and culturally responsive and developmentally appropriate means through which these perceptions can be accessed. The chapter then discusses the implications and recommendations resulting from the case study. It offers methodological practices for research with young children in international spaces, possibilities for further research, as well as theoretical, pedagogical, and structural considerations for international educators and school leaders striving to create inclusive spaces.
Recognition of International School Qualifications for Higher Education Access
Authors: Finocchietti Chiara
Published: November 2023

International schools are growing in number and diversity. While this growth has received attention under several dimensions, from cultural, social, and institutional aspects, one aspect that seems less explored is the one related to the recognition of qualifications. This despite the fact that qualifications awarded by international schools are presented and perceived as a gateway for admission to most prestigious universities on a global scale. This chapter explores what the elements are that make an international final school leaving qualification recognizable in order to access higher education according to the European framework of policies and practices in recognition of international qualifications, presenting the landscape of international schools in Italy as a national case study, and elaborates a categorization of international schools from the point of view of the qualifications giving access to higher education that they offer, starting from the international definitions of transnational and international schools.
Expansion of the International School Industry in Muscat, Oman
Authors: Barker Denise
Published: November 2023

An international school system has emerged in many countries, initially as a means of serving a transitory expatriate population, but evolving significantly in both purpose and design. There are variations in the way the system operates depending on the specifics of the context in which each institution is established. This chapter showcases the findings of an examination of the international school sector in Muscat, Oman from the perspective of individuals associated with the sector, as gleaned from semi-structured interviews conducted between April and May 2022. It is argued that Oman's international schools industry, although less advanced than that of many GCC counterparts, has experienced noticeable growth in recent decades. The conclusion formed is that while there is currently a healthy level of competition which benefits consumers (overseas as well as local students and families), the state of Muscat's international school sector should be monitored over time to ascertain the extent of the threat to existing institutions.