bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of radish genotypes with special study on sowing geometry at agricultural research institute, Tarnab, Peshawar
Authors: Masaud Khan Shah , Ali Abid , Hussain Ijaz , Saeed Muhammad , Hussain Izhar , Ali Sardar , Aslam Khan Sher , Ali Naushad , Affan Khan Muhammad , Ahmad Khan Irshad
Published: January 2022

The research was carried out on the “Evaluation of Radish genotypes with special study on sowing geometry at Agricultural Research Institute, Tarnab Peshawar”. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having three replications. The experiment comprised with two factors, one was sowing dates(19th Oct., 4th., Nov., and 19th Nov) and the other was different genotypes (Mino, Local Red and Local White). The data were recorded on Days to germination, Germination (%), Days to edible maturity, Number of leaves plant-1, Leaf length plant-1 (cm), Root length plant-1 (cm), Root diameter plant-1 (cm), root fresh weight (g), Plot weight (kg) and yield (t ha-1). Sowing dates significantly affected all yield parameters. Sowing of radish on 19th October has more number of Leaves (17.44 leaves) plant-1, Leaf length plant(22.611 cm), root length plant-1(24.058 cm), root diameter plant-1(3.12 cm) fresh root weight (503.95g), the maximum plot weight (50.90 kg plot-1) and higher yield (62.36t ha-1) was observed whereas the crop sown on 19th November showed the minimum days to germination (8.88 days), germination percentage (96.88%) and minimum days to maturity (53 days). Among genotypes Mino take minimum days to germinate(8.22 days), maximum germination percentage (99.22), minimum days to maturity (52.778), maximum number of leaves (19.44 leaves), leaf length (23.422 cm), greater root length (24.588 cm), maximum root diameter (3.53 cm), higher root fresh weight (536.62g), higher weight per plot (52.22 kg) and maximum yield (63.54t ha-1). The results emphasized that the suitable time of sowing for Mino genotype is 19th October for Peshawar.
Side effects of drugs studied on ant models: a mini review
Authors: Cammaerts Marie-Claire
Published: January 2022

Using ants as models, we studied until now the side effects of 47 products used by humans and, over these studies we published five summaries of our main findings. After that, we studied the side effects of six other drugs used by humans, and we here summarize these lastly obtained results. These six other drugs were dextromethorphan, amitriptylin, escitalopram, fluvoxamine, iverectin, and indapamide. For each of them, we found side effects similar to those reported for humans, but we also observed side effects not yet mentioned for humans. They concerned among others the locomotion, the activity, the sensory perception, the social relationships and the learning. Practitioners and pharmacists should take cognizance of our works for more adequately and safely used the six drugs we examined. Our six works are published and thus available, but they can also be provided by the author(s). All over our studies, ants appeared to be excellent biological models; the experiments could be made easily, rapidly and at lost cost, while providing statistically significant results.
Expenditures of Rural Societies and Volost Boards in the 1880s – 1890s (Based on the Materials of the Middle Volga Region)
Authors: Pershina Tatyana A. , Shitova Tatyana V.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The comparative analysis of the expenditure part of rural and township budgets of the Middle Volga provinces in the 1880s – 1890s is presented. Materials and Methods. The study is based on the comparative method. Quantitative, problem-chronological, system analysis and structural methods were of auxiliary importance. Results. The comparison of data on the Middle Volga provinces shows that in the 1880s – early 1890s, the mundane expenses of rural societies were twice as high as the costs of the volost boards. A significant part of the worldly fees went to pay employees of volost boards; much more modest funds were allocated to representatives of peasant self-government bodies, and, in their totality, these funds were steadily declining at the end of the XIX century. Discussion. In many areas of the Middle Volga region in the 1890s, rural electors did not receive any payment at all. The item of expenditure of local self-government bodies designated as “other expenses for the management and conduct of all kinds of public affairs”, which included the costs of renting apartments for officials, paying for the travel of officials and elected officials, delivering taxes to the treasury, the costs of conducting court cases, hiring servants and accounting officials was quite noticeable for rural societies at the very beginning of the 1890s, but gradually decreased. The amounts spent under this article by rural societies significantly exceeded the volost ones. During the period under review, the protection of public safety and fire-fighting measures were financed mainly from the fees of rural societies. An important component of the “mundane budgets” were the so-called “agricultural expenditures”, which included a wide range of operations aimed at organizing agriculture and animal husbandry. Conclusion. The reform of taxation and the system of local self-government in Russia in the 60–70s of the XIX century provided rural societies with wider opportunities for spending funds to meet urgent needs. A certain independence in the approval of expenditure items can be traced in the specifics of the costs of individual volosts and rural societies of the Middle Volga provinces. Allocating a significant part of worldly fees for payments to employees of volost boards, the peasantry preferred to minimize their own expenses on self-government bodies. The costs of “managing and conducting all kinds of public affairs” were quite palpable for the villagers at the very beginning of the 1890s, but also gradually decreased.
Financial Aspects of the Evacuation of Employees Internal Affairs Bodies in the Mordovian ASSR in 1941
Authors: Kistanov Sergey V.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. The article is devoted to the financing of NKVD employees evacuated in the first year of the Great Patriotic War from the three Union Republics of the USSR to the Mordovian ASSR. Materials and Methods. Within the framework of this study, financial documents located in the Central State Archive of the Republic of Mordovia were used. When analyzing the research materials, historical-typological and historical-genetic methods were used, as well as a micro-historical approach was applied. Results. The main task set in the study is to determine the costs of financing the maintenance of evacuated employees was based on the involvement of financial reports of the internal affairs bodies of the Mordovian ASSR. The structure of the monetary maintenance of the evacuated employees was revealed, the initial documents on the basis of which monetary payments were made were determined. By dividing the evacuees into conditional groups, it was possible to consider financial costs by employee categories. The analysis of payment orders from previous duty stations also allowed us to draw important conclusions. Discussion and Conclusions. The study confirmed the social nature of the Soviet state, which sought even in the most difficult period of the Great Patriotic War to provide the families of evacuees with means to live until they returned to service. It is important to note that the employees of the internal affairs bodies were important specialists for the state, and it did everything to save these personnel, withdrawn from the attack of Germany and its allies, as much as possible.
Dynamics of Interests and Positions in the Field of Economic Integration of Russia and Belarus (2019–2020)
Authors: Bakhlova Olga V. , Uliashkina Ekaterina G.
Published: January 2022

Introduction. Economic cooperation between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus is based on the platforms of the Commonwealth of Independent States, the Union State, and the Eurasian Economic Union. These associations contribute to the identification and promotion of promising business niches and areas of economic integration, taking into account the interests of the participating countries. The Union State, embodying a more multidimensional idea of integration, encourages us to turn to a deeper and more substantive analysis of the relationship between various factors and spheres. The purpose of the article is to identify positive and negative constants and dominants of economic interaction between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus in the general course of integration processes in the CIS and in the context of current challenges of modernity for both countries and the Union State. Materials and Methods. The main research methods are diachronic analysis, event analysis and the method of studying documents. The main sources are materials posted on the Internet resources of integration associations with the participation of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus. Results. The key actors – state and non-state participants in the economic integration of Russia and Belarus – are identified, the degree of their involvement in integration processes and the dynamics of interaction are characterized. The most attractive traditional spheres of Russian-Belarusian integration are shown, as well as new vectors determined by current needs. Discussion and Conclusion. A moderate positive scenario is considered the most likely in the field of economic integration of Russia and Belarus. The deepening of integration is determined by the content and orientation of the “road maps”, the established economic relationships and political motives in the internal and external spheres. However, the economy in the process of union building largely continues to follow politics. The necessity of closer coupling of efforts within the framework of the CGB and the EAEU is shown. At the same time, the “dissolution” of the Union State in the EAEU and subordination to it in the logic of integration development are assessed as undesirable.
Práctica preprofesional en la Universidad Nacional de Educación (UNAE): análisis y reflexiones de la modalidad virtual en tiempos de pandemia
Authors: Pesántez Palacios Maria Dolores , Cuenca Alvarado Paola Alexandra
Published: January 2022

Este artículo aporta elementos de una investigación realizada en el año 2020 en la que se amplía el debate sobre la importancia de la práctica preprofesional (PP) o práctica pedagógica en modalidad presencial para la formación de docentes con perfil inclusivo. En la Universidad Nacional de Educación (UNAE) de Ecuador, las PP son consideradas el eje vertebrador de la formación profesional. En el año 2020, debido a la pandemia, la carrera de Educación Especial implementó, en el periodo académico abril-agosto 2020, la modalidad virtual para las PP con el apoyo de las unidades educativas regulares y de educación especializada. En este estudio, de corte cualitativo, se aplica el método participativo desde las perspectivas de estudiantes, tutores y tutoras profesionales (docentes de las escuelas) y tutoras y tutores académicos (docentes de la UNAE). La información se obtuvo de diversas fuentes: cuestionarios en línea, revisión documental y un grupo de discusión, participaron un total de 546 personas. Los resultados sugieren que la práctica preprofesional en modalidad virtual no garantiza los procesos de formación de calidad para los futuros docentes. Las PP en modalidad presencial propician de manera más eficiente espacios de reflexión sobre las experiencias relacionadas con la práctica y la relación que se establece entre teoría y práctica como pilares fundamentales en la formación de docentes. En cambio, las PP en modalidad virtual limitan el contacto del practicante con la realidad socioeducativa, situación que ha impedido establecer procesos adecuados de reflexión sobre la práctica docente e identificación de las necesidades y problemáticas en los diferentes contextos socioeducativos.

Palabras clave: educación inclusiva, educación especial, formación de docentes, práctica pedagógica
Virtual exchange contributions to the development of intercultural competence: A Brazilian higher education institutions’ perspective
Authors: Zilberberg Oviedo Lourdes Evangelina , Krimphove Jan
Published: January 2022

This article presents the results of a study conducted in the Brazilian higher education system aiming at analyzing the contributions of virtual exchange programs to the development of intercultural competence in students. The unprecedented study assists to enrich the limited body of knowledge about virtual exchanges in Brazil. The units of analysis consisted of member institutions of the Brazilian Association for International Education (FAUBAI) that were already running virtual exchange programs in 2020. The study follows an exploratory qualitative research approach based on semi-structured interviews with international office administrators of the institutions analyzed. What stands out among the study’s main findings is the fact that, Brazilian international office administrators consider virtual exchanges as an important tool for Internationalization at Home, and thus, a path toward a more inclusive internationalization model. Even with all the difficulties, such as: major technical issues, low level of language proficiency in faculty and students, lack of commitment and the disadvantages deriving from lack of a deeper and more intense cultural immersion when compared to real-life experiences, there is a consensus that virtual exchanges do contribute toward the development of intercultural competence in students. Therefore, it seems important to promote more Internationalization at Home initiatives to create more circumstances of proximity with other cultures and second-language learning opportunities.
Explorando la satisfacción y la insatisfacción del estudiantado universitario en enseñanza remota de emergencia
Authors: Guiñez-Cabrera Nataly , Mansilla-Obando Katherine
Published: January 2022

La dispersión de la pandemia de la COVID-19 ha generado consecuencias en la educación, especialmente, en la enseñanza en las instituciones de educación superior (IES). Con el fin de mantener la educación en Chile y evitar los contagios, se optó por una enseñanza remota de emergencia o sin planificación. En esta modalidad, el alumnado de las IES ha tenido que desempeñar sus labores educativas en línea y desde sus hogares para mantener así el distanciamiento social con el personal docente, administrativo y el resto del estudiantado, por lo que ha tenido que enfrentar nuevas experiencias. El objetivo de esta investigación es explorar los principales factores de satisfacción e insatisfacción del estudiantado en la enseñanza remota de emergencia en 8 IES estatales y privadas en Chile. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa y la técnica de incidentes críticos para analizar 14 entrevistas semiestructuradas de estudiantes de universidad pertenecientes a alguna de las IES analizadas. Estas entrevistas se realizaron en marzo 2021 acorde a lo sucedido en el periodo académico 2020. Los resultados indican siete categorías que explican los incidentes satisfactorios e insatisfactorios: “enseñanza-aprendizaje”, “acceso a los recursos tangibles”, “profesor”, “relaciones sociales”, “servicio de apoyo”, “acceso al servicio en línea” y “calidad-precio”. Estas entregan nuevos aprendizajes a las IES chilenas de este estudio, según el proceso de enseñanza sin planificación que surge producto de la crisis sanitaria, que es útil considerar durante situaciones similares en el futuro. Además, esta investigación aporta a la literatura de satisfacción e insatisfacción de las IES.
Factores de éxito en la enseñanza de comprensión lectora en la educación remota de emergencia (ERT)
Authors: Salgado Torres Mariluz
Published: January 2022

El cierre masivo de las escuelas como medida de contención del COVID-19 obligó a la adopción de modalidades de educación remota de emergencia (ERT) durante el año 2020. A pesar de la relevancia de dichas nuevas modalidades de educación, las investigaciones alrededor de las condiciones que aseguran el éxito de estas en la enseñanza es limitado, particularmente, en países centroamericanos. El objetivo del presente artículo fue identificar los factores de éxito para la enseñanza de comprensión lectora en modalidades de educación remota de emergencia en los terceros grados de tres escuelas hondureñas y tres escuelas nicaragüenses, dos escuelas urbanas y una escuela rural de Nicaragua; asi como dos escuelas urbanas y una escuela rural de Honduras beneficiadas por una organización sin fines de lucro durante la pandemia del COVID-19. El abordaje metodológico es cualitativo-exploratorio. La muestra está compuesta por dieciocho personas de tres escuelas hondureñas y tres escuelas nicaragüenses, además de siete personas expertas locales. La distribución de la muestra por país es la siguiente: 3 docentes, 3 directores y 4 madres de familia en Honduras; y 2 docentes, 3 directores y 4 madres y 1 padre de familia en Nicaragua.Se emplearon entrevistas semiestructuradas y método Delphi de tres rondas interactivas. Los resultados de esta investigación identificaron los siguientes factores de éxito: i) apoyo emocional y psicológico a docentes y estudiantado; ii) diseño instruccional flexible a la heterogeneidad de los hogares; iii) facilitación de interacción estudiante-docente enfocada en el acompañamiento; iv) comunicación regular entre docentes y padres y madres de familia; v) acompañamiento parental desde el hogar; vi) capacitaciones a madres y a padres de familia y vii) capacitaciones a docentes. Estos hallazgos amplían el cuerpo de conocimientos sobre ERT y enseñanza de comprensión lectora, validando un marco de referencia a las realidades de Honduras y Nicaragua. Para los factores de éxito identificados con hallazgos no concluyentes se requiere de mayor investigación. De igual forma, futuras investigaciones son importantes para demostrar el efecto de estos factores de éxito en la enseñanza de comprensión lectora en diversos contextos y realidades; así como analizar su compleja interrelación.
Los rizobios incrementan la germinación de las semillas de Coffea arabica y Coffea canephora. Segunda evidencia en Cuba
Authors: Nápoles-Vinent Sucleidi , Milanés-Riquene Silfredo , Hernández-Forte Ionel , Morales-Mena Belkis , Nápoles-Garcias María Caridad
Published: January 2022

Introducción. La lenta y asincrónica germinación de las semillas de café afecta la obtención de plántulas e incrementa los gastos asociados a la producción. La aplicación de rizobacterias promotoras del crecimiento vegetal (PGPRs) ha mostrado ser una alternativa ante esta problemática. Objetivo. Evaluar el efecto de la inoculación de rizobios en la germinación de dos cultivares de cafeto en condiciones controladas y productivas. Materiales y métodos. Durante enero y febrero del 2020, se desarrollaron dos experimentos en la Universidad de Oriente, Cuba, en el que se emplearon diez cepas de rizobios, provenientes de leguminosas y gramíneas, y dos cultivares de cafeto de importancia económica en Cuba: Coffea arabica cultivar (cv.) Isla 5-15 y Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner cultivar (cv.) Robusta. Los experimentos se realizaron uno en condiciones controladas, donde la germinación de las semillas se evaluó en placas Petri y otro donde se emplearon canteros pregerminadores. En ambos experimentos se empleó un diseño completamente aleatorizado y se realizó un análisis de varianza. Resultados. En condiciones controladas, la inoculación de las cepas Rpr11, Rpr2, 1-2, ICA8001 y Can3, incrementaron el porcentaje de germinación, la energía germinativa, el índice de germinación, el índice de velocidad de germinación y el índice de vigor. En los canteros pregerminadores, los inoculantes a base de las cepas Rpr2 y Rpr11 produjeron los mayores porcentajes de emergencia y de energía de germinación. Conclusión. Las cepas Rpr2 y Rpr11 de Rhizobium, incrementaron la germinación de las semillas de dos variedades de cafeto.
La Trêve y la pesadilla de la alteridad
Authors: Retana Camilo
Published: January 2022

En este artículo presento una propuesta interpretativa de la primera temporada de la serie belga La Trêve (2016), según la cual lo que dicha ficción escenifica es el problema de la percepción cultural de la alteridad en sus distintas versiones (racial, étnica, de clase, entre otras) así como la posible violencia ligada a ella. A partir de esa hipótesis de lectura, propongo entender el desenlace de La Trêve en términos de una apuesta narrativa con alcances políticos en la que, en lugar de resolverse la pregunta clásica del policial a propósito de la autoría del crimen en términos individuales (y por ende psicologizantes), se opta por subrayar la responsabilidad del colectivo en la protección/pérdida de toda vida, así como la actual necesidad política de trabajar porque podamos lamentar las pérdidas, incluso, de aquellos considerados distintos.

Palabras clave: programa de televisión; racismo; migración; exclusión social; violencia
Cuerpo, técnica y biopolítica en Los guantes mágicos (2003) de Martín Rejtman
Authors: Rubino Atilio Raúl
Published: January 2022

Este artículo aborda el análisis de la película de Martin Rejtman Los guantes mágicos (2003), a partir del cruce entre cuerpo, técnica, biopolítica y régimen farmacopornográfico. Para eso, realiza primero un recorrido por estos conceptos y su abordaje en la filosofía y se detiene, luego, en el modo en el que se representan la corporalidad y la enfermedad en la película mencionada. En Los guantes mágicos (2003), la enfermedad y los cuerpos resultan principalmente discursivos. Las subjetividades enfermas se dicen y al decirse se producen, se hacen cuerpo. La tecnología, los avances farmacológicos y la lógica del mercado se convierten, de este modo, en incorporaciones somáticas.Palabras clave: cine; enfermedad; política; filosofía; información; comunicación
Estética y política en el arte visual contemporáneo de El Salvador
Authors: Roque Baldovinos Ricardo
Published: January 2022

Este trabajo propone algunas herramientas teóricas para tratar de comprender el arte visual contemporáneo de El Salvador. En primer lugar, explica un cambio al paradigma del arte contemporáneo, especialmente luego de la crisis del sistema de galerías que había sido, hasta la década de 1990, el principal espacio de visibilidad de esta modalidad de expresión cultural. En segundo lugar, trata de dar cuenta de la dimensión específicamente política de este arte en la escena cultural y social de El Salvador.Palabras clave: artes visuales; arte contemporáneo; galería de arte; museo; estética
Effects of ageing on the eyes
Authors: Kovács I.
Published: January 2022

With ageing, significant changes occur in all structures of the eye, resulting in a variety of morphological and functional effects. This review summarises parameters that are within the normal ageing process in order to distinguish them from true disease processes. Understanding the ageing changes of the eye will help to understand some of the visual problems experienced by the ageing population.
Criticism of Theism in the Sravakabhumi of the Yogacarabhumi
Authors: Nakayama Keiki
Published: January 2022

According to some Indian theists, Isvara or Brahman is the absolute and the creator of the world, an idea that was criticized by Buddhists from the earliest times. This paper considers how Buddhists, particularly the Yogacara school, refute the existence of God as a creator in connection with practice. It seems that all Buddhist sects prove that no universal creator exists, using logical arguments against non-Buddhists. Previous studies have elucidated the proof of the non-existence of Isvara in the Savitarkasavicaradibhumi section of the Yogacarabhumi, the main Yogacara text. However, little attention has been paid to another section, the Sravakabhumi, in which a yoga practitioner uses logical reasoning (anumana) to deal with the denial of Isvara in the course of his or her practice of impermanence (anitya). The Sravakabhumi, probably completed at the earliest stage of compilation of the Yogacarabhumi, describes the practice that could lead to liberation according to the teaching of the Sravakayana. I demonstrate that the Sravakabhumi treats the denial of Isvara as a part of practice, not just as an intellectual exercise aimed at refuting non-Buddhists, and shows the place of discussion of this topic in Buddhist practice.
Investigating errors when forecasting processes with uncertain dynamics and observation noise by the self-adjusting brown's zero-order model
Authors: Pospelov Boris , Rybka Evgenіy , Samoilov Mikhail , Krainiukov Olekcii , Kulbachko Yurii , Bezuhla Yuliia , Roianov Oleksii , Hryshko Svitlana , Krivitska Ivetta , Ivanova Valentyna
Published: January 2022

This paper reports a study into the errors of process forecasting under the conditions of uncertainty in the dynamics and observation noise using a self-adjusting Brown's zero-order model. The dynamics test models have been built for predicted processes and observation noises, which make it possible to investigate forecasting errors for the self-adjusting and adaptive models. The test process dynamics were determined in the form of a rectangular video pulse with a fixed unit amplitude, a radio pulse of the harmonic process with an amplitude attenuated exponentially, as well as a video pulse with amplitude increasing exponentially. As a model of observation noise, an additive discrete Gaussian process with zero mean and variable value of the mean square deviation was considered. It was established that for small values of the mean square deviation of observation noise, a self-adjusting model under the conditions of dynamics uncertainty produces a smaller error in the process forecast. For the test jump-like dynamics of the process, the variance of the forecast error was less than 1 %. At the same time, for the adaptive model, with an adaptation parameter from the classical and beyond-the-limit sets, the variance of the error was about 20 % and 5 %, respectively. With significant observation noises, the variance of the error in the forecast of the test process dynamics for the self-adjusting and adaptive models with a parameter from the classical set was in the range from 1 % to 20 %. However, for the adaptive model, with a parameter from the beyond-the-limit set, the variance of the prediction error was close to 100 % for all test models. It was established that with an increase in the mean square deviation of observation noise, there is greater masking of the predicted test process dynamics, leading to an increase in the variance of the forecast error when using a self-adjusting model. This is the price for predicting processes with uncertain dynamics and observation noises.
A fuzzy approach for determining the cognitive spatial location of an object in geographical information system
Authors: Kuznichenko Svitlana , Buchynska Iryna
Published: January 2022

The work is devoted to the problem of interpretation of fuzzy semantics of cognitive descriptions of spatial relations in natural language and their visualization in a geographic information system (GIS). The solution to the problem of determining the fuzzy spatial location of an object based on vague descriptions of the observer in natural language is considered. The task is relevant in critical situations when there is no way to report the exact coordinates of the observed object, except by describing its location relative to the observer itself. Such a situation may be the result of a crime, terrorist act or natural disaster. An observer who finds itself at the scene transmits a text message, which is a description of the location of the object or place (for example, the crime scene, the location of dangerous objects, the crash site). The semantics of the spatial location of the object can be further extracted from the text message.
The proposed fuzzy approach is based on the formalization of the observer's phrases, with which it can describe spatial relations, in the form of a set of linguistic variables that determine the direction and distance to the object. Examples of membership functions for linguistic variables are given.
The spatial knowledge base is built on the basis of the phrases of observers and their corresponding fuzzy regions. Algorithms for constructing cognitive regions in GIS have been developed. Methods of their superposition to obtain the final fuzzy location of the object are proposed. An example of the implementation of a fuzzy model for identifying cognitive regions based on vague descriptions of several observers, performed using developed Python scripts integrated into ArcGIS 10.5, is considered.
Influence of complex treatment on the functional state of the hepatobiliary system in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Valiyeva Gunay Adalat
Published: January 2022

Liver damage in diabetes mellitus is of particular interest, since this factor significantly affects the course of the disease, the level of compensation and prognosis of the underlying disease.

The aim. To study the effect of complex treatment using ursosan on the functional state of the hepatobiliary system in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Materials and methods. The study included 30 patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 48 patients with type 2 diabetes. According to the duration of diabetes, patients were divided into three subgroups: a) up to five years; b) 5–10 years; c) more than 10 years. The number of patients was: 1a group – 13, 1b group – 10, 1c group – 7 people; Group 2a – 23, 2b group – 13, 2c group – 10 people. The control group consisted of 23 apparently healthy people. Ursosan was prescribed at a dose of 10-12 mg per 1 kg of body per day for 6 months. Clinical laboratory and instrumental research methods were used to study the functional state of the liver and gallbladder.

Research results. After the course of treatment with Ursosan, patients with diabetes mellitus showed normalization of protein, pigment, enzymatic metabolism and, to a lesser extent, lipid metabolism in the liver, which led to an improvement in cellular metabolism and redox processes, providing a stable course of diabetes.

Conclusions. A 6-month course of treatment with Ursosan in diabetic patients promotes long-term diabetes compensation. Patients during treatment have a decrease in cytolysis syndrome indicators (alanine aminotransferase (AlAT), aspartate aminotransferase (AsAT), lactate dehydrogenesis (LDH)) by about 1.5 times in all 3 indicators compared to the indicators before treatment. The same trend was observed in terms of gamma-glutamine transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Study of hepatotoxins influence in vitro on basic biochemical indicators of liver functional state
Authors: Maloshtan Liudmyla , Storozhenko Galyna , Galuzinska Liubov , Fylymonenko Victoriia , Sadiq Omar Rashid
Published: January 2022

An antimicrobial drug of the fluoroquinolone group, ciprofloxacin, is widely used in Ukraine. However, some researchers have noted the probable hepatotoxicity of this drug with prolonged use or use of high doses of ciprofloxacin. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of carbon tetrachloride, as a classical model of hepatocyte injury, with the effects of ciprofloxacin.

The aim of the study was to investigate the biochemical parameters of the liver when simulating toxic damage to hepatocytes with carbon tetrachloride or ciprofloxacin.

Materials and methods. The study was carried out on isolated rat hepatocytes, in whose culture medium carbon tetrachloride or ciprofloxacin was added. After incubation in the supernatant and cell homogenate, the activities of marker enzymes of cytolysis were determined: ALT, AST, γ-GTP, LF, LDH, DC and MDA.

Results. The introduction of ciprofloxacin into the culture of hepatocytes at a concentration of LC50 caused changes in biochemical parameters similar to those caused by carbon tetrachloride. Thus, an increase in ALT, AST, γ-GTP, LF, LDH, DC and MDA was observed when CCl4 or ciprofloxacin was added to the culture.

Conclusion. Incubation of rat hepatocytes with carbon tetrachloride or ciprofloxacin caused an increase in the level of enzymes and lipid peroxidation products. These parameters are indicators of gross changes in cells, which are the result of impaired keto acid formation, impaired redox reactions, impaired glycogen production
“Coronavirus” Innovations in Media Language and Internet Communication
Authors: Zamaldinov Vladislav , Horiguchi Daiki
Published: January 2022

The article examines the structural features of neologisms associated with coronavirus pandemic based on the texts of mass media and Internet communication. The paper uses such research methods as the continuous sampling method, the general scientific descriptive and analytical method, the methods of word-formation, structural and semantic analysis of neologisms. The authors analyzed the nominal derivatives of conventional (addition, prefix, suffixation, affixation) and occasional (inter-word overlap, graphic hybridization, substitution derivation) methods of word formation in media texts. The key elements of the sociocultural space (virus, quarantine, coronavirus, masks, etc.) that evoke negative associations in the addressee are identified. Having found and analysed nominations with the corona component, the researchers proved that this element tends to demonstrate the features of prefixoid. Neologisms with corona component are critical phenomena, negative changes in the economy, tourism, politics; they denote the living conditions that have developed during the coronavirus infection, etc. It is shown that the vocabulary of the modern Russian language is actively replenished with verbal neologisms, which areused to add expressiveness to media text; they correlate with actual phenomena of public life. The authors conclude that "coronavirus" neologisms participate in creating the expressiveness of the text, reflect reality, and allow journalists to deliver their own opinion. The results of the conducted research contribute to word-formation neology, media linguistics, can be useful to students of philological specialties, lecturers and tutors, as well as to anyone interested in active processes, which occur in the modern Russian language.
Poetic Diction and Standard Language: Predictive Aspect
Authors: Shevchenko Svetlana
Published: January 2022

The article deals with the interdiction convergence on the example of evolutionary changes in lexical semantics of poetic language. The current study contributes to the development of the methodology for studying the language evolutionary processes. The paper describes certain trends of dynamic changes and their specifics; it gives some prediction about the further lexis convergence of different types of functional styles. The findings contribute to the development of lexicography which is going to reflect not only static but also dynamic characteristics of lexical units including stylistic ones. The subjectivity of labeling poetic vocabulary in dictionaries can be partially removed through the analysis of corpus data by comparing frequency indices in different subsections, however this method is not always accurate, moreover, it doesnt effectively trace evolutionary changes. The data from the psycholinguistic experiments can help reveal the dynamics of changes. On the one hand, the results of scaling show the extent of poetry in connotative meanings; on the other hand, the open-response associative experiment allows us to calculate the archaization index of a lexeme through summing up the numerical values of certain selected parameters. The research gives obvious evidence of active archaization of some specific poetic lexemes. The findings also prove that the dynamic changes in stylistic connotation are not synchronous with the changes in the denotative layer of a lexical unit.
Between Proper Name and Appellative: Lexicography of Words with Borderline Status (Exemplified by Neologism Brexit)
Authors: Shchetinina Anna
Published: January 2022

The problems of lexicography of new words that appeared in the Russian language in the 21 st century are considered based on the materials of the upcoming thematic Explanatory Dictionary of Unity and Enmity in the Russian Language of 2000–2020. The author of the article is one of the dictionary compilers. It is stated that the difficulties of describing new borrowed lexical units, that are at the stage of usage, are associated with the
establishment of their lexical, grammatical and stylistic characteristics. Criteria for their determination are proposed. The principles of choosing the variant of heading word spelling in a dictionary entry are argued. Based on the methods of definitional, linguoculturological and content analysis using textual material extracted from mass media resources, a methodology for compiling a dictionary entry has been developed, which makes it possible to give a detailed description of the lexical, grammatical, stylistic, paradigmatic and pragmatic characteristics of current borrowings. As a result of this technique application, a dictionary entry of Brexit neologism is presented, reflecting the unstable position of this lexeme in the Russian language system, the status of which fluctuates between a proper name and an appellative. The material and methodology for its systematization can be considered when compiling explanatory dictionaries of new words in the Russian language.
A Controversa Figura de Mauá
Authors: MINADEO ROBERTO
Published: January 2022

RESUMO Ao estudar Mauá, procura-se compreender melhor a economia brasileira no século XIX, nossas raízes empresariais, e a organização social da época. O texto suscita questões relevantes a respeito da cultura empresarial do país, apontando o crescimento e a queda de Mauá. Mais importante do que a própria figura de Mauá e as suas vicissitudes é que o leitor procure posicionar-se sobre o que o levou a crescer e a ruir desse modo - pois podem eventualmente persistir na sociedade os elementos que se fizeram presentes nesses acontecimentos, e importa conhecê-los. Enfim, o texto visa a fornecer elementos para contribuir à compreensão do fenômeno empresarial, do papel do empresário na sociedade, e das complexas relações entre o Governo e a iniciativa privada - temas úteis e atuais na época em que nosso país inicia suas agências de controle sobre setores críticos da atividade econômica.
A Tecnologia Como Forma de Controle Burocrático: Uma Análise Crítica do Uso dos Sistemas de Segurança de Informática em uma. Empresa de Alta Tecnologia
Authors: VASCONCELOS ISABELLA FREITAS GOUVEIA DE , PINOCHET LUIS HERNAN CONTRERAS
Published: January 2022

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é exemplificar algumas das contradições e paradoxos atuais que envolvem a implantação de novas tecnologias em organizações que buscam tornar-se “informacionais”. Vivemos uma época de ambigüidades e dualidades porque a partir da transição do modelo industrial para o pós-industrial os papéis sociais foram sendo redefinidos. O que se espera dos indivíduos no ambiente de trabalho, os comportamentos considerados certos e errados, os perfis profissionais, todos estes elementos estão sendo questionados e revistos. Tais questionamentos geram os paradoxos, surgem conseqüências desejáveis e con-seqüências indesejáveis da ação gerencial em organizações burocráticas. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório de natureza qualitativa, tendo-se adotado o método do estudo de caso. A coleta e a análise dos dados compreendeu quatro fases utilizando a metodologia denominada grounded theory, que gerou uma teoria. Os dados primários coletados a partir de entrevistas semi-estruturadas foram analisados mediante a análise à luz do paradigma psicodinâmico, estudando-se as reações defensivas dos atores sociais à implantação de sistemas de segurança em informática a partir do uso da Internet como ferramenta de trabalho em uma empresa paranaense de alta tecnologia. De fato, estudos sobre processos cognitivos mostram que, a fim de atribuir sentido e compreender os sistemas complexos e ambíguos nos quais estão inseridos, os indivíduos têm a tendência a polarizar suas percepções em torno de elementos contraditórios e opostos. A partir disso, eles começam a agir em função desta percepção polarizada. Também foram analisados os paradoxos decorrentes deste processo e as formas de resistência organizacional encontradas, concluindo que a tecnologia pode ser utilizada como forma de controle burocrático nas organizações.
ANÁLISE CONTRATUAL SOB A ÓTICA DA ECONOMIA DOS CUSTOS DE TRANSAÇÃO: A RELAÇÃO ENTRE UMA COOPERATIVA HORTÍCOLA E UMA REDE DE SUPERMERCADOS NO ESTADO DE PERNAMBUCO
Authors: CARLINI JUNIOR REGINALDO JOSÉ , DANTAS CLÉBER LUIZ FERREIRA
Published: January 2022

RESUMO Este artigo analisou o tipo de acordo contratual existente entre a Cooperativa dos Horticultores de Pernambuco (Horticope), localizada na Central de Abastecimento Geral de Pernambuco (Ceagepe), e seu único cliente, a rede de supermercados Bompreço. Os fundamentos teóricos deste estudo foram os conceitos básicos da economia dos custos de transação (ECT) para estudo de contratos. Descreveram-se as táticas da empresa para assegurar a venda de hortaliças e plantas medicinais para um cliente considerado top de linha.
CRESCIMENTO SUSTENTÁVEL DA INDÚSTRIA DE PLÁSTICOS CRIANDO ESTRATÉGIAS DE AÇÃO
Authors: WRIGHT JAMES T. C , GIOVINAZZO RENATA A.
Published: January 2022

RESUMO As empresas que produzem plásticos enfrentam o enorme desafio de como assegurar a sustentabilidade de um setor cujos produtos, uma vez descartados, levam mais de 300 anos para a degradação. No Brasil, o consumo per capita de plásticos passará de aproximadamente 20 kg/ano para cerca de 35 kg/ano em 2010, totalizando 6,5 milhões de toneladas/ano. Diante desse contexto, e da necessidade de o setor estabelecer as bases para um crescimento ambientalmente sustentável, os autores propõem um programa de ação para incrementar a reciclagem de plásticos no País. Foi utilizada uma metodologia de Estruturação para Mudança, com aplicação das técnicas Análise e Estruturação de Modelos e Delphi para a definição de estratégias e ações para o setor, a partir de uma visão integrada do problema.
CANIBALISMO ENTRE PRODUTOS: UM ESTUDO DE MÚLTIPLOS CASOS NA INDÚSTRIA ALIMENTÍCIA BRASILEIRA
Authors: OLIVEIRA BRÁULIO ALEXANDRE CONTENTO DE , MATTAR FAUZE NAJIB
Published: January 2022

RESUMO A grande quantidade de novos produtos lançados pelas empresas como condição para serem competitivas pode desencadear a ocorrência de canibalismos. Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar os resultados de um estudo de múltiplos casos realizado na indústria alimentícia brasileira, que buscou conhecer as conseqüências e as práticas em relação a essa prática. Verificou-se que a pressão dos consumidores e da concorrência são fatores que estimulam sua ocorrência; a política de marcas e de novos produtos contribuem para sua ocorrência; e as atividades relativas ao composto de marketing podem ser utilizadas para administrá-lo.
MODELAGEM DE ASPECTOS QUALITATIVOS DO PROCESSO DE NEGOCIAÇÃO
Authors: GOMES CARLOS FRANCISCO SIMÕES , MONTEIRO GOMES LUIZ FLAVIO ALTRAN
Published: January 2022

RESUMO A obtenção do consenso em uma negociação é um problema complexo que envolve vários agentes, critérios, interesses e pontos de vista conflitantes. Ferramentas que tratem imprecisões e/ou indiscernibilidades e sistemas de apoio à decisão e/ou negociação podem e devem ser utilizados para facilitar a obtenção de um consenso. Este artigo mostra como usar as teorias dos conjuntos aproximativos, a teoria da utilidade multiatributo, a teoria dos jogos, bem como a teoria dos conjuntos nebulosos em um processo de negociação.
A EVOLUÇÃO RECENTE DA TRANSPARÊNCIA DOS FATORES DE RISCO NAS INFORMAÇÕES CONTÁBEIS: UMA ANÁLISE DE EMPRESAS BRASILEIRAS DE TELECOMUNICAÇÕES
Authors: CARDOSO RICARDO LOPES , MENDONÇA NETO OCTAVIO RIBEIRO DE , RICCIO EDSON LUIZ
Published: January 2022

RESUMO A crescente volatilidade dos mercados a partir da década de 1970 suscitou grande interesse pelos riscos financeiros, mas atualmente a visão é mais abrangente e se tem discutido muito sobre o gerenciamento global dos riscos, e não apenas quanto aos riscos financeiros. Esta também tem sido uma preocupação das agências reguladoras do mercado de capitais, principalmente o Fasb e a SEC, que instituíram normas específicas para a divulgação de informações sobre riscos financeiros e não financeiros como forma de aperfeiçoar a transparência do mercado. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar o grau de transparência com que as informações sobre riscos financeiros e não financeiros foram abordadas nos relatórios contábeis denominados 20-F das empresas de telecomunicações nos anos 2000 e 2001. Essas informações vêm sendo divulgadas e são uma contribuição para a eficiência do mercado conforme conceituada por Fama (1970). O estudo é predominantemente exploratório e utiliza como metodologia a análise documental, com leitura dos relatórios contábeis das empresas selecionadas, classificação dos fatores de riscos segundo os conceitos de Jorion (2000) e análise dos dados baseada na classificação dos fatores de riscos conforme o seu nível de informação, isto é, o grau de evidência do risco e principalmente os possíveis impactos em relação ao futuro do negócio. As considerações deste artigo, embora parciais, podem nos levar à reflexão sobre as diferenças de qualidade na divulgação dos riscos financeiros e não financeiros, bem como à discussão sobre os aspectos culturais e estratégicos que levam os administradores a tomar decisões diferentes sobre a divulgação desses fatores de riscos, além da comprovação da contribuição para a eficiência do mercado.
AS MUDANÇAS ESTRUTURAIS DA REDE DE DOIS GRUPOS SIDERÚRGICOS NACIONAIS
Authors: BULGACOV SERGIO , FOGGIATTO JOMAR LEANDRO
Published: January 2022

RESUMO Muitos pesquisadores, cujo objeto de investigação são as redes de organizações, se preocupam em analisar como as redes limitam e orientam as ações das organizações que as compõem. Dessa forma, suas preocupações se dirigem aos aspectos da rede que aumentam ou restringem a habilidade de certas organizações em modelar o desempenho industrial. Ao mesmo tempo, porém, os administradores se envolvem em manobras estratégicas que lhes possam assegurar posições-chave na rede de suas indústrias. Essa perspectiva traz novo caráter aos estudos das redes de organizações, pois, se antes são as redes que ordenam as ações dos administradores, as ações destes últimos também acabam por definir a estrutura da própria rede. O objetivo deste artigo é contribuir para o melhor entendimento da dinâmica de construção e mutação das redes de organizações. Tal empreitada é levada a cabo analisando-se dois grupos siderúrgicos nacionais, Gerdau e CSN, e suas redes de diretorias interalocadas de propriedade no período de 1988 a 1999.
OCORRÊNCIA DE REAÇÃO SOROLÓGICA CONTRA SALMONELLA PULLORUM EM AVES DE “FUNDO DE QUINTAL” DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL
Authors: Buchala F.G. , Ishizuka M.M. , Mathias L.A. , Berchieri Júnior A. , Castro A.G.M. , Cardoso A.L.S.P. , Tessari E.N.C. , Kanashiro A.M.I.
Published: January 2022

RESUMO Esta pesquisa objetivou demonstrar a ocorrência de reações sorológicas contra Salmonella spp. nas populações de aves de explorações não tecnificadas e com finalidade de subsistência, em propriedades rurais localizadas em áreas geográficas próximas a granjas de reprodutoras (matrizeiros) do Estado de São Paulo. Foram selecionadas três granjas de matrizes, oficialmente reconhecidas como sendo livres de S. Pullorum (SP), S. Gallinarum (SG), S. Enteritidis (SE), S. Typhimurium (ST), e 15 criações vizinhas, cuja população de aves foi amostrada com colheita e processamento de 406 soros sangüíneos. O diagnóstico foi realizado pela técnica de soroaglutinação rápida em placa e lenta em tubos. A freqüência encontrada foi igual a 73% de propriedades com aves sororeagentes ao antígeno testado de SP (teste da pulorose). A ocorrência observada de aves sororeagentes foi de 16,5%. Os dados obtidos sugerem que o agente estudado está amplamente difundido nas criações informais de aves de “fundo de quintal”, colocando em risco constante os criatórios de exploração industrial, os quais necessitam adotar e manter boas práticas de biosseguridade para preservar a integridade sanitária dos plantéis.