bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L'histoire de la Révolution française dans son moment herméneutique
Authors: de Baecque Antoine
Published: June 2016

Antoine de Baecque : The history of the French Revolution in its hermeneutic phase.

A survey of the research carried out for the bicentenary of the French Revolution. This article remarks first of all that we have reached a new stage of historiographical studies, marked both by a "declassicisation" of studies and their fragmentation, and by a new sensitivity towards the text of the Revolution, perceived as an enigma worth being reinterpreted. The work under way has doubtless facilitated the reconstruction of the complexity of the Revolution's society and culture by bringing together three elements : a pregnant object of study, the political self-representation of the revolutionary community ; a new methodology, historical hermeneutics ; and an epistemological phenomenon particular to the atmosphere of the bicentenary, the break-up of fields of investigation.
Le projet esthétique de Beaumarchais
Authors: Hartmann Pierre
Published: June 2016

Pierre Hartmann : Beaumarchais's aesthetic project.

The novelty and originality of Beaumarchais's dramatic language have long been recognised, but the importance of his poetic writings has often been underestimated. This article undertakes a new reading not only of his Essai sur le genre dramatique sérieux but also of the different prefaces he wrote for his theatrical works. This new perspective shows the existence of a coherent aesthetic project which reveals both a playwright convinced of Enlightenment philosophy and a writer involved in the political struggles of his time. At the centre of his aesthetic project is a democratic redefinition of the notion of the public which is the incarnation of "general opinion". Thus Figaro is the perfect representative of the nation and of that "frank and true gaiety" which aristocratic taste had expelled from the theatre ; Beaumarchais proposed to reinstate it, thus creating a sort of alliance between the "assembled public" and the innovating artist, a genius in Diderot's and perhaps already Hugo's sense.
Le Bédouin, le voyageur et le philosophe
Authors: Moussa Sarga
Published: June 2016

Sarga Moussa : The Bedouin, the traveller and the philosopher.

In the 18th Century a new image of the Bedouin appears in French literature, in both travel accounts and works with anthropological or encyclopaedic ambitions. The nomadic Arabs, previously presented as frightening bloodthirsty beings, now more and more appear as free, hospitable people, living in the simple style of the ancient patriarchs. The first traces of this change, which is linked to the réévaluation of Islam in the early Enlightenment, can be found in d'Herbelot's Bibliothèque orientale (1697), d'Arvieux's Journey to Palestine (1717) or Boulan-villiers Life of Mohamed (1730). This image is, however, ambivalent and Turpin, the author of the article Arabes in the 1776 Supplement to the Encyclopédie, alternates beteween Rousseauistic praise for a people with 'natural' virtues and criticism of a society which tolerates stealing. It is this paradox which makes it possible, in the Romantic period, to project onto the Bedouin values like generosity and revolt, thus allowing a new reflection on humans as double beings.
Le squelette voyageur
Authors: Proust Jacques
Published: June 2016

Jacques Proust : the travelling skeleton.

This 'traveller' is better known as the 'digging skeleton', which gave its name to a famous poem by Baudelaire. It was one of the illustrations of Vesalius De humani corporis fabrica, published in 1543 and reappears in the Encyclopé¬ die' s first volume of illustrations in 1762, as well as in the second edition of the first anatomical treatise published in Japan, completed in 1798. The "digging skeleton" could have reached Japan by one of two paths : through a Dutch translation of either Ambroise Paré' s Chirurgie published in Holland in the midddle of the 17th Century or Juan Yalverde de Amusco's Historia de la Composition del cuerpo humano published at Antwerp in 1566. The differences in detail found in all the reproductions of the original model are extremely interesting for the comparative history of ideas.
Crimes et châtiments. L'œil du médecin légiste
Authors: Porret Michel
Published: June 2016

Michel Porret : Crime and punishment. The eye of the forensic pathologist.

All over Europe, in the 18th century, legal investigation and forensic practice rationalised the penal regime and reinforced the judge's certainty. Despite medicolegal doctrine dating from the Renaissance at least, forensic medicine was often empirical and enabled an 'objective' qualification of the crime using criteria drawn from the 'natural reality' of violent or sexual crime. As seen in Genevan penal practice, which was praised for its modernity by the Encyclopédie (article GENEVA), the Enlightenment forensic pathologist could limit the arbitrary tendencies of the judges thanks to an examination which established the pathological 'circumstances3 of a murder or rape. The forensic pathology of the Enlightenment, still little known, brought to penal practice of the time the 'proportion' between crime and punishment demanded by Beccaria in order to bring about judicial modernity and the moderation of punishment.
Le cas des minores
Authors: Plagnol Marie-Emmanuelle
Published: June 2016

Marie-Eammanuelle Plagnol-Diéval : The case of minor authors.

The development of studies on 'minores' is renewing literary studies. This new field has replaced rigid visions of literary and philosophical history, and even the history of mentalities, ossified by ignorance, neglect, and a reaction against both anecdotic amateur 19th-century critics and overly detailed or shortsighted studies. The new more diverse research goes with a reflection on method, in the critical apparatus or the theoretical studies of research groups. The study of minor authors should not be seen as the poor relation of research on the big names, as it arises from the need to understand the mental, literary, historical and social background of 18th-century readers, even if the inherited image is also revealing and must be taken into account. Confrontation and comparison should contribute to an evaluation of the interaction between great and minor writers, using the principles applied to the so-called minor works of great authors.
Les éclats de rire du public de théâtre
Authors: Quéro Dominique
Published: June 2016

Laughing out loud at the theatre.

Despite the fact that indiscreet and indecent laughter was long banned, it seems that in the 18th Century this did not prevent theatre audiences from laughing out loud, either to condemn a complete flop or on the contrary to confirm a success that believers in "high comic" considered unjustified. For this immoderate and involuntary laughter was not simply "laughing with the mouth" and the whole moving body, but also escaped the control of reason and was considered to be an offence to good taste and manners as it was too close to the people. Theatre audience laughter, considered from the physiological, psychological and sociological points of view, would seem to be the strongest proof of a true theatre comedy, a risible comedy, whose noisy outbursts, rather than worrying eclipses of reason, are in fact joyous shafts of madness.
Rire et pouvoir : la leçon du persiflage libertin
Authors: Bourguinat Élisabeth
Published: June 2016

Laughter and power. The lesson of libertine persiflage.

Starting from an investigation into libertine persiflage, this article examines the basis of the power of laughter, firstly in interpersonal relationships, but also when it becomes a political weapon. According to the author, the "myth" at the basis of the representation of laughter in our civilisation is that of Genesis and man's dual nature, both matter and spirit. By revealing the "humours", according to Ben Jonson, or the "machine" according to Bergson, which make men agitate like puppets, the laugher identifies himself with a god modelling his creature and humiliates his victim in his own eyes. This is the force behind the power wielded -by means of laughter -by both the libertin in the salon and Voltaire in his militant works.
Rire et théâtre carnavalesque pendant la Révolution
Authors: Frantz Pierre
Published: June 2016

Laughter and carnival theatre during the Revolution.

Despite the reticence of the revolutionary élite, comic theatre enjoyed undoubted public success during the Revolution. The relationship between this success, comic forms and these comedies' ideology is complex. The analysis of carnival-type plays (Le Jugement dernier des rois, La Folie de Georges, La Journée du Vatican ) reveals the form and function of "revolutionary" laughter. Traditional carnivalesque is reworked in a literary perspective and re-used for a new ideological and political purpose. But the instability and reversability of the carnival form mean that it cannot have a single inherent political meaning. This type of structure simply showed its usefulness for expressing different types of political tension. Carnival laughter also takes on a social meaning, either by its power of démystification or by uniting the audience around certain positive values. Violence and fear are integrated but controlled. There is an attempt to link an ancient tradition of laughter with a recent more serious didactic culture.
Esclavage et espace atlantique. Courants et contre-courants révolutionnaires. L'article 7 du traité anglo-américain de 1783 et ses conséquences jusqu'en 1794
Authors: Rossignol Marie-Jeanne
Published: June 2016

Did the era of transatlantic Revolutions start an irresistible movement for the liberation of slaves ? Although early abolitions were decided in Vermont, Pennsylvania, and then Saint-Domingue, in the 1780s and 1790s, the post-revolutionary period seems to have dampened abolitionist fervour in North America, with the notion of property prevailing over liberty. This is what one can deduce from the long dispute between Britain and America over the slaves allegedly 'stolen by the British during the American Revolution ; this argument poisoned relations between the two countries until 1794.
Le manuel d'escrime. Science du savoir-vivre élégant ou «art de tuer son homme proprement» ?
Authors: Serna Pierre
Published: June 2016

This article studies a peculiar 18th-century literary genre, the fencing manual, in which French masters tried to set out the pedagogy of crossing swords. Thus these manuals provide an elegant savoir-vivre in which the salute, respect for the rules and the way of holding the weapon are signs of distinction. However, reading them in a different way, we can see that the century and its élites were more violent than one might think. The manuals also teach the reader to kill the enemy correctly cin serious cases3 ; here illustrations accompanying the more prudent written text show clearly homicidal fencing. In a century when the Cartesian paradigm of reason was undermined, a more instinctive and resolutely deadly fencing is transformed by including the sensation of touch. Here the civilising process becomes an art of slaying one's neighbour delicately and ferociously.
Autour des usages d'un nom indistinct : peuple sous la Révolution française
Authors: Monnier Raymonde
Published: June 2016

The political meaning of the word peuple was reinforced during the Revolution by the effect of co-linguism. This article analyses in detail the use and abuse of the word in different political speeches, based on lexicometry. Thus it studies the semantic evolution of the concept, from the appearance of expressions like 'representatives of the people5, to the use of combative neologisms imposed by events to express the new sovereignty, such as sans-culottes and sans-culotterie in a metaphorical and realistic mode, or plébéien and plébéianism in a republican and prophetic mode. When linked to the people's actions and future development, they throw light on the double temporal dimension which the concept takes on in connection with revolutionary action and the idea of liberty.
Les Amazones des Lumières
Authors: Stroev Alexandre
Published: June 2016

Warrior and lawmaking women fascinated the 18th century. To describe the fair sex's redoubtable power, authors wrote in different genres : tragedies (Houdar de La Motte, Du Bocage), comedies and opéra-comiques (Le Sage and d'Orneval, Fuzelier and Legrand, Marivaux, Le Maingre du Bouciqualt, Léger), ballets and operas, novels (Rustaing de Saint-Jorry, Le Suire) and fairytales (Fénelon, Mon-crif, L'Héritier de Villandon, Hurtaut), not forgetting poems and odes (Voltaire), travel narratives, historical treatises and memoirs. The topos of the isle of Ama¬ zons is a means of presenting a new and paradoxical society, of depicting France ironically or describing a distant land, whether America or Russia. Writers used the antique myth with political, Utopian and satirical aims. Amazons seduce and terrify. Rebel women subjugate men, enslave them and confer domestic tasks on them, committing themselves to war and jurisprudence. They organise their society like an army based on discipline and hierarchy. Pirate women transform their islands into male harems and schools for female government. They fight for the rights of women, victims in the West and slaves in the East, for freedom and the equality of the sexes, for the right to education and the exercise of public office in all fields. The authors who describe this world turned upside down mock feminine pretensions whilst formulating vindications which the future was to satisfy.
Les femmes et les sciences de la nature
Authors: Susana Seguin Maria
Published: June 2016

The practise of natural science presupposes technical knowledge and applications which hardly conform to that which was expected of women during the eighteenth century. One expects them therefore to have had little or no part in the field. Among the great names of the history of science like Buffon, Daubenton, Réaumur, Lamarck, Pluche and others, only Madame du Châtelet shines out as a sort of exception to confirm a general rule. Enlightenment woman seems, at best, to have taken the part of an intelligent conversationalist, attentive to the development of knowledge without playing any direct role in scientific research as such. This article proposes to demonstrate that beyond society or sociability, women's role in natural science is a largely unexplored yet rich field : curious-minded women, collectors, anatomists, midwives and wise women are to be found discretely present throughout the century, all claiming, in their own way, female education in the scientific field and taking part in contemporary epistemolo-gical debates.
Le droit de punir en république Genève au temps des Lumières
Authors: Briegel Françoise , Porret Michel
Published: June 2016

At the heart of absolutist Europe, spared by wars, the town of Geneva became a sovereign Republic as of the Calvinist Reform (1536). Reduced body of citizens, direct voting, «virtue » of the magistrates, omnipresence of the law : if, during the Enlightenment, Geneva's democracy, hailed by Rousseau, resembled that of the Ancients, the Republic's legal system is closer to that of the moderns. Power of the public prosecutor which limited the magistrates' arbitrariness, abolition of torture, moderate use of instruments of torture and capital punishment, legal defence of the accused, concerns about prisons : as of 1738, the original characteristics of Geneva's criminal justice were recognised in particular by the reformist label which D'Alembert awarded it in 1757 in the Encyclopédie. Legal practice, viewed here through the criminal archives, echoes the «moderation » of the institutions which Montesquieu associated with non despotic regimes.
Droits de l'homme, paroles de femmes
Authors: Baczko Bronislaw
Published: June 2016

On October 5th 1789, having invaded Versailles, did revolting Parisian women compel Louis XVIth to accept the Declaration of the Rights of Man ? By reconstructing this rumour, the author analyses the political and cultural conditions of its emergence, examines the networks which diffused it, questions the imagination which gave rise to it and asks how a false rumour came to be part of true history.
Les parcs naturels marins consacrés par le législateur
Authors: Mabile Sébastien
Published: June 2016

Le 14 avril 2006, le Parlement a définitivement adopté la loi sur les parcs nationaux, les parcs naturels marins et les parcs naturels régionaux. Ce texte consacre une nouvelle catégorie juridique d'aires protégées spécifiquement consacrée au développement durable et à la protection du milieu marin. La France, troisième domaine maritime au monde, dispose dorénavant d'un outil juridique susceptible de rattraper son retard en la matière et de se conformer à ses obligations internationales et communautaires. Les parcs naturels marins, qui devraient se développer rapidement, se différencient sur plusieurs points des aires protégées existantes, tant sur le plan juridique qu'au niveau institutionnel. Le milieu marin, longtemps ignoré par les politiques publiques de protection de la nature, devrait ainsi bénéficier d'une attention particulière au cours des prochaines années.
Le règlement communautaire en matière de produits chimiques : petite explication de texte
Authors: Brosset Estelle
Published: June 2016

L'adoption, le 18 décembre 2006, du règlement communautaire n° 1907/2006 concernant l'enregistrement, l'évaluation et l'autorisation des substances chimiques, ainsi que les restrictions applicables à ces substances (REACH) a été généralement salué. Au-delà des effets d'annonce, une petite explication de ce long texte s'impose. L'explication exige une analyse du texte qui a profondément modifié le cadre réglementaire communautaire applicable en la matière. Ce règlement vise à une meilleure prévention du risque engendré par les produits chimiques par deux moyens : une évaluation renforcée des substances enregistrées, mais aussi par une meilleure information tout au long de la vie des produits. Tandis que, jusque-là, les autorités publiques étaient tenues d'identifier et de gérer les problèmes de sécurité des substances chimiques, désormais, il revient désormais aux fabricants et importateurs d'acquérir, au besoin en réalisant de nouveaux essais, des connaissances sur les substances et de les exploiter afin de gérer les risques qu'elles peuvent présenter. L'explication consiste aussi en une critique du texte qui, malgré son caractère nécessaire, comporte des obligations tout à la fois complexes et parfois lacunaires.
Large-scale fabrication of achiral plasmonic metamaterials with giant chiroptical response
Authors: Slyngborg Morten , Tsao Yao-Chung , Fojan Peter
Published: June 2016

A variety of extrinsic chiral metamaterials were fabricated by a combination of self-ordering anodic oxidation of aluminum foil, nanoimprint lithography and glancing angle deposition. All of these techniques are scalable and pose a significant improvement to standard metamaterial fabrication techniques. Different interpore distances and glancing angle depositions enable the plasmonic resonance wavelength to be tunable in the range from UVA to IR. These extrinsic chiral metamaterials only exhibit significant chiroptical response at non-normal angles of incidence. This intrinsic property enables the probing of both enantoimeric structures on the same sample, by inverting the tilt of the sample relative to the normal angle. In biosensor applications this allows for more precise, cheap and commercialized devices. As a proof of concept two different molecules were used to probe the sensitivity of the metamaterials. These proved the applicability to sense proteins through non-specific adsorption on the metamaterial surface or through functionalized surfaces to increase the sensing sensitivity. Besides increasing the sensing sensitivity, these metamaterials may also be commercialized and find applications in surface-enhanced IR spectroscopy, terahertz generation and terahertz circular dichroism spectroscopy.
PARALLEL EXTRAGRADIENT-PROXIMAL METHODS FOR SPLIT EQUILIBRIUM PROBLEMS
Authors: Hieu Dang Van
Published: June 2016

In this paper, we introduce two parallel extragradient-proximal methods for solving split equilibrium problems. The algorithms combine the extragradient method, the proximal method and the shrinking projection method. The weak and strong convergence theorems for iterative sequences generated by the algorithms are established under widely used assumptions for equilibrium bifunctions. We also present an application to split variational inequality problems and a numerical example to illustrate the convergence of the proposed algorithms.
GRADIENT BASED ITERATIVE ALGORITHM TO SOLVE GENERAL COUPLED DISCRETE-TIME PERIODIC MATRIX EQUATIONS OVER GENERALIZED REFLEXIVE MATRICES
Authors: Hajarian Masoud
Published: June 2016

The discrete-time periodic matrix equations are encountered in periodic state feedback problems and model reduction of periodic descriptor systems. The aim of this paper is to compute the generalized reflexive solutions of the general coupled discrete-time periodic matrix equations. We introduce a gradient-based iterative (GI) algorithm for finding the generalized reflexive solutions of the general coupled discretetime periodic matrix equations. It is shown that the introduced GI algorithm always converges to the generalized reflexive solutions for any initial generalized reflexive matrices. Finally, two numerical examples are investigated to confirm the efficiency of GI algorithm.
Rate and Predictors of Treatment Failure to All-Oral HCV Regimens outside Clinical Trials
Authors: Arias Ana , Aguilera Antonio , Soriano Vicente , Benítez-Gutiérrez Laura , Lledó Gemma , Navarro Daniel , Treviño Ana , Otero Esteban , Peña José M , Cuervas-Mons Valentín , de Mendoza Carmen
Published: June 2016

Background

Cure rates above 90% have been reported in most Phase III clinical trials using distinct all-oral direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in chronic hepatitis C patients. Preliminary results in real-world patients have confirmed this, although efficacy tends to be lower.

Methods

All consecutive chronic hepatitis C patients treated with all-oral DAA regimens at three hepatitis clinics in Spain were retrospectively examined. Host and viral factors were tested as predictors of treatment failure.

Results

A total of 363 chronic hepatitis C patients had completed a course of all-oral DAA therapy outside clinical trials up to the end of 2015. All but 14 (4%) patients achieved sustained virological response. There were 10 failures that occurred after 12 weeks of sofosbuvir-ledipasvir, despite 5 of them being on ribavirin. All failures but one were relapses. The only patient with viral breakthrough selected NS5B L159F and NS5A Y93H. In multivariate analyses, only advanced liver fibrosis (Metavir F3–F4) and HIV coinfection were significantly associated with treatment failure. A trend towards lower response was seen for HCV genotype 4.

Conclusions

Treatment failures outside clinical trials are roughly seen in 4% of chronic hepatitis C patients who complete a course of all-oral DAA therapy, resembling what is seen in registration trials. In our series, outcomes were not significantly influenced by ribavirin addition, IL28B polymorphisms, HCV genotype, high baseline HCV RNA or prior interferon failure. However, advanced liver fibrosis and HIV coinfection were significantly associated with treatment failure. Our findings support that there is still room for individualization of current DAA therapy.
La fidélité, un devoir à revoir ?
Authors: Perrin Christophe
Published: June 2016

Si les programmes de fidélité et autres stratégies de fidélisation attestent aujourd’hui que la fidélité demeure une valeur bien que – ou parce que – l’infidélité est plus que jamais une réalité, le droit n’a toujours pas défini son obligation que la jurisprudence affaiblit chaque fois qu’elle s’emploie à la préciser. Attendu qu’il n’y aurait pas le moindre sens à exiger ce dont nous n’avons pas la moindre idée, grande est l’urgence d’un regard philosophique sur la fidélité qui, par-delà le point de vue moral et le point de vue légal, s’attache à en revoir le devoir.
Les tisf au cœur du dispositif prado Maternité
Authors: Pons Julie
Published: June 2016

Une convention a été signée entre la cnmats et la cnaf , début 2016, autour du Programme de retour à domicile à la sortie de maternité. Cette convention vise à mieux faire connaître ce programme auprès des jeunes mères. L’auteur prévoit une montée en charge de l’activité des techniciennes de l’intervention sociale et familiale ( tisf ) grâce à cette convention. Ce métier étant peu reconnu par le secteur social, médico-social et sanitaire, cette convention contribuerait à redorer l’image de ce métier et à populariser l’action des tisf , qui est essentielle pour les familles.
Les pères confrontés à la décompensation maternelle
Authors: Gressier Florence , Cazas Odile , Glangeaud-Freudenthal Nine M.-C.
Published: June 2016

Les troubles psychiatriques sont relativement fréquents en période périnatale. La décompensation maternelle peut mettre le conjoint en difficulté dans son accès à la paternalité. Comment un homme peut-il devenir père s’il n’est pas ou plus présent dans le discours de la mère et qu’il doit suppléer cette dernière dans les soins primaires à l’enfant ? Dans ce contexte, l’homme sera animé par différents mouvements, qui évolueront avec la symptomatologie de la mère. De plus, la santé mentale des pères ne doit pas être négligée pour eux-mêmes. Les troubles psychiques paternels doivent être dépistés le plus tôt possible pour diminuer l’effet négatif sur le bon développement psychique et moteur de l’enfant.
Cálculo del asiento elástico tridimensional de cimentaciones de rigidez variable en terrenos con una capa rígida inclinada
Authors: Díaz E. , Tomás R.
Published: June 2016

Las fórmulas basadas en la teoría de la elasticidad son ampliamente utilizadas para el cálculo de asientos de cimentaciones, ya que la totalidad de la normativa geotécnica recomienda su empleo. No obstante, estos métodos no cubren todas las situaciones geotécnicamente posibles ya que frecuentemente las condiciones geológicas son complejas. En este trabajo se analiza la influencia de la presencia de una capa rígida inclinada en los asientos elásticos de una cimentación superficial. Para ello se han resuelto 273 modelos tridimensionales no lineales de elementos finitos, variando los parámetros clave del problema: la inclinación y la profundidad de la capa rígida y la rigidez de la cimentación. Finalmente, se ha realizado un análisis estadístico de los resultados de los modelos y se ha propuesto una fórmula que puede ser utilizada en el cálculo de asientos por métodos elásticos, para tener en consideración la presencia de una capa rígida inclinada en profundidad.
Sistema de autoconstrucción sismorresistente: características resistentes y proceso constructivo
Authors: Orta B. , Adell J. , Bustamante R. , Martínez-Cuevas S.
Published: June 2016

La autoconstrucción con tierra, adobe o ladrillo es muy habitual en los países en vías de desarrollo que están en zonas de alto riesgo sísmico. Ante la necesidad de dar respuesta al problema, aportando sencillez constructiva, hemos trabajado desde hace años en el empleo del Sistema de Albañilería Integral (SAI).

El SAI es un sistema que, combinado con materiales autóctonos, aporta resistencia sísmica y su facilidad de ejecución lo hace adecuado para la autoconstrucción de viviendas antisísmicas.

Este artículo describe el SAI, desarrolla el proceso constructivo aplicado a una vivienda tipo de dos alturas y muestra su comportamiento sismo-resistente mediante los resultados obtenidos en tres campañas de ensayos. La originalidad del sistema radica en el empleo de un solo tipo de armaduras prefabricadas en forma de cercha que se entrelazan entre si en las tres direcciones del espacio permitiendo crear una malla tridimensional.
L’ecphrasis dans l’epyllion
Authors: Prioux Évelyne
Published: June 2016

Dans l’Antiquité, le terme d’epyllion n’était pas employé pour désigner les poèmes que les Modernes ont, depuis le XIXe siècle, regroupé sous ce nom. Pour autant, beaucoup d’indices contribuent à montrer que la composition d’une partie des poèmes que nous désignons aujourd’hui sous le terme d’epyllion s’est inscrite dans une dynamique de réflexion sur l’épopée et sur la possibilité de repenser ce genre sous le signe de la λεπτότης. L’examen des quelques ecphraseis conservées dans les epyllia qui nous sont parvenus tend à confirmer que leurs auteurs étaient bien engagés dans une réflexion sur les genres littéraires : il est en effet possible de proposer une lecture métapoétique d'une partie des motifs rencontrés au sein de ces descriptions d'œuvres d'art. Cet article propose par exemple de considérer que certains motifs et certaines particularités de la description de la corbeille à fleurs de l’Europè de Moschos et de la tapisserie du Carmen 64 de Catulle s'expliquent par la volonté de livrer, sous forme de métaphore, une tentative de définition générique et stylistique du poème que l'auteur entendait écrire.
The EMSO-ERIC Pan-European Consortium: Data Benefits and Lessons Learned as the Legal Entity Forms
Authors: Best Mairi M.R. , Favali Paolo , Beranzoli Laura , Blandin Jérôme , Çağatay Namik M. , Cannat Mathilde , Dañobeitia Juan José , Delory Eric , de Miranda Jorge M.A. , Del Rio Fernandez Joaquin , de Stigter Henko , Gillooly Mick , Grant Fiona , Hall Per O.J. , Hartman Susan , Hernandez-Brito Joaquin , Lanteri Nadine , Mienert Juergen , Oaie Gheorge , Piera Jaume , Radulescu Vlad , Rolin Jean-Francois , Ruhl Henry A. , Waldmann Christoph
Published: June 2016

AbstractThe European Multidisciplinary Seafloor and water-column Observatory (EMSO) European Research Infrastructure Consortium (ERIC) provides power, communications, sensors, and data infrastructure for continuous, high-resolution, (near-)real-time, interactive ocean observations
across a multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary range of research areas including biology, geology, chemistry, physics, engineering, and computer science, from polar to subtropical environments, through the water column down to the abyss. Eleven deep-sea and four shallow nodes span from the
Arctic through the Atlantic and Mediterranean, to the Black Sea. Coordination among the consortium nodes is being strengthened through the EMSOdev project (H2020), which will produce the EMSO Generic Instrument Module (EGIM). Early installations are now being upgraded, for example, at the
Ligurian, Ionian, Azores, and Porcupine Abyssal Plain (PAP) nodes. Significant findings have been flowing in over the years; for example, high-frequency surface and subsurface water-column measurements of the PAP node show an increase in seawater pCO2 (from 339 μatm in 2003 to
353 μatm in 2011) with little variability in the mean air-sea CO2 flux. In the Central Eastern Atlantic, the Oceanic Platform of the Canary Islands open-ocean canary node (aka ESTOC station) has a long-standing time series on water column physical, biogeochemical, and acidification
processes that have contributed to the assessment efforts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). EMSO not only brings together countries and disciplines but also allows the pooling of resources and coordination to assemble harmonized data into a comprehensive regional ocean
picture, which will then be made available to researchers and stakeholders worldwide on an open and interoperable access basis.
Imaging of a rare case of Bochdalek hernia in an adult female
Authors: Barakat Bahjat , Bruno Antonio , Calculli Lucia , Pezzilli Raffaele
Published: June 2016

Not available.
The cause of intestinal bleeding cannot be missed: the case of primary aortic-enteric fistula
Authors: Barakat Bahjat , Calculli Lucia , Pezzilli Raffaele
Published: June 2016

Primary aorto-enteric fistula (PAEF) is a rare condition of intestinal hemorrhage. We herein report a case of this condition initially suspected by ultrasonographic evaluation and subsequently confirmed by computed tomography. PAEF should be considered a possible cause in patients with gastrointestinal bleeding of uncertain etiology and especially in patients with known aortic aneurysms and the rapid recognition of this condition save the life of these patients because in untreated subjects the mortality is 100%, frequently due hypovolemic shock.
Serum Response Factor in muscle tissues: from development to ageing
Authors: Coletti Dario , Daou Nissrine , Hassani Medhi , Li Zhenlin , Parlakian Ara
Published: June 2016

Skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle cells share various common characteristic features. During development the embryonic mesodermal layer contribute at different proportions to the formation of these tissues. At the functional level, contractility as well as its decline during ageing, are also common features. Cytoskeletal components of these tissues are characterized by various actin isoforms that govern through their status (polymerised versus monomeric) and their interaction with the myosins the contractile properties of these muscles. Finally, at the molecular level, a set of different transcription factors with the notable exception of Serum Response Factor SRF- which is commonly enriched in the 3 types of muscle- drive and maintain the differentiation of these cells (Myf5, MyoD, Myogenin for skeletal muscle; Nkx2.5, GATA4 for cardiomyocytes). In this review, we will focus on the transcription factor SRF and its role in the homeostasis of cardiac, smooth and skeletal muscle tissues as well as its behaviour during the age related remodelling process of these tissues with a specific emphasis on animal models and human data when available.
A new semi-automatic approach to find suitable virtual electrodes in arrays using an interpolation strategy
Authors: Salchow Christina , Valtin Markus , Seel Thomas , Schauer Thomas
Published: June 2016

Functional Electrical Stimulation via electrode arrays enables the user to form virtual electrodes (VEs) of dynamic shape, size, and position. We developed a feedback-control-assisted manual search strategy which allows the therapist to conveniently and continuously modify VEs to find a good stimulation area. This works for applications in which the desired movement consists of at least two degrees of freedom. The virtual electrode can be moved to arbitrary locations within the array, and each involved element is stimulated with an individual intensity. Meanwhile, the applied global stimulation intensity is controlled automatically to meet a predefined angle for one degree of freedom. This enables the therapist to concentrate on the remaining degree(s) of freedom while changing the VE position. This feedback-control-assisted approach aims to integrate the user's opinion and the patient's sensation. Therefore, our method bridges the gap between manual search and fully automatic identification procedures for array electrodes. Measurements in four healthy volunteers were performed to demonstrate the usefulness of our concept, using a 24-element array to generate wrist and hand extension.
Engagement sensitive visual stimulation
Authors: Kumar Deepesh , Dutta Anirban , Das Abhijit , Lahiri Uttama
Published: June 2016

Stroke is one of leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Early detection during golden hour and treatment of individual neurological dysfunction in stroke using easy-to-access biomarkers based on a simple-to-use, cost-effective, clinically-valid screening tool can bring a paradigm shift in healthcare, both urban and rural. In our research we have designed a quantitative automatic home-based oculomotor assessment tool that can play an important complementary role in prognosis of neurological disorders like stroke for the neurologist. Once the patient has been screened for stroke, the next step is to design proper rehabilitation platform to alleviate the disability. In addition to the screening platform, in our research, we work in designing virtual reality based rehabilitation exercise platform that has the potential to deliver visual stimulation and in turn contribute to improving one’s performance.
Fast simulation and optimization tool to explore selective neural stimulation
Authors: Dali Mélissa , Rossel Olivier , Guiraud David
Published: June 2016

In functional electrical stimulation, selective stimulation of axons is desirable to activate a specific target, in particular muscular function. This implies to simulate a fascicule without activating neighboring ones i.e. to be spatially selective. Spatial selectivity is achieved by the use of multicontact cuff electrodes over which the stimulation current is distributed. Because of the large number of parameters involved, numerical simulations provide a way to find and optimize electrode configuration. The present work offers a computation effective scheme and associated tool chain capable of simulating electrode-nerve interface and find the best spread of current to achieve spatial selectivity.
20th Conference of the International Functional Electrical Stimulation Society, IFESS
Authors: Azevedo Coste Christine , Popovic Milos R. , Mayr Winfried
Published: June 2016

Not available.
RehaMovePro: A versatile mobile stimulation system for transcutaneous FES applications
Authors: Valtin Markus , Kociemba Kristian , Behling Carsten , Kuberski Björn , Becker Sebastian , Schauer Thomas
Published: June 2016

Functional Electrical Stimulation is a commonly used method in clinical rehabilitation and research to trigger useful muscle contractions by electrical stimuli. In this work, we present a stimulation system for transcutaneous electrical stimulation that gives extensive control over the stimulation waveform and the stimulation timing. The system supports electrode arrays, which have been suggested to achieve better selectivity and to simplify electrode placement. Electromyography (EMG) measurements are obtained from the active stimulation electrodes (between the stimulation pulses) or from separate surface EMG electrodes. The modular design enables the implementation of sophisticated stimulation control systems including external triggers or wireless sensors. This is demonstrated by the standalone implementation of a feedback-controlled drop foot neuroprosthesis, which uses a wireless inertial sensor for real-time gait phase detection and foot orientation measurement.
Molecular Typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains: A Fundamental Tool for Tuberculosis Control and Elimination
Authors: Cannas Angela , Mazzarelli Antonio , Di Caro Antonino , Delogu Giovanni , Girardi Enrico
Published: June 2016

Tuberculosis (TB) is still an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. An improvement of the strategies for disease control is necessary in both low- and high-incidence TB countries. Clinicians, epidemiologists, laboratory specialists, and public health players should work together in order to achieve a significant reduction in TB transmission and spread of drug-resistant strains. Effective TB surveillance relies on early diagnosis of new cases, appropriate therapy, and accurate detection of outbreaks in the community, in order to implement proper TB control strategies. To achieve this goal, information from classical and molecular epidemiology, together with patient clinical data need to be combined. In this review, we summarize the methodologies currently used in molecular epidemiology, namely molecular typing. We will discuss their efficiency to phylogenetically characterize Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates, and their ability to provide information that can be useful for disease control. We will also introduce next generation sequencing as the methodology that potentially could provide in a short time both, detection of new outbreaks and identification of resistance patterns. This could envision a potential of next generation sequencing as an important tool for accurate patient management and disease control.
Research of soybean and lactose in meat products and preparations sampled at retail
Authors: Piccolo Filomena , Vollano Lucia , Base Giuseppe , Girasole Mariagrazia , Smaldone Giorgio , Cortesi Maria Luisa
Published: June 2016

Food allergies and intolerances have increased during the last decades and regulatory authorities have taken different measures to prevent and manage consumers’ adverse reactions, including correct labelling of foods. Aims of this work were the research of soybean and lactose in meat products and meat preparations taken from retail in some provinces of Campania Region (Southern Italy) and the evaluation of the compliance of the food labels according to Regulation (EU) n.1169/2011. Soybean and lactose were researched, using commercial kits, in n. 58 samples of meat products produced in or distributed by 19 establishments and in n.55 samples of meat products and n.8 of meat preparations produced in 21 plants, respectively. All samples were selected on the base of absence of any information in the labels about the presence of the two researched allergens, with the exception of n.5 samples tested for lactose. Traces of soybean was detected in 50 out of the 58 examined samples, at concentrations ranging from not detectable levels up to 0.93 mg kg-1. Only two samples contained levels above the detection limit of 0.31 mg kg-1. Lactose levels, ranging from 0.11 up to 2.95 g/100g, i.e. above the detection limit, were found in all the tested 63 samples. The results of the present research underline the need for careful controls and planning by operators as part of the self-control plans and deserve attention from the competent authorities, considered not only the health aspects but also the great attention given by the media to regulations on provisions of food information to consumers.
Aflatoxin M1 levels in raw milk, pasteurized milk and infant formula
Authors: Omar Sharaf Shareef
Published: June 2016

The incidence of contamination of aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk samples collected from the Jordanian market was investigated by using the competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. A total of 175 samples were collected during 2014-2015 year. All tested samples were contaminated with various levels of AFM1 ranging from 9.71 to 288.68 ng/kg. The concentration of AFM1 in 66% of fresh milk samples was higher than the maximum tolerance limit accepted by European Union (50 ng/kg) and 23% higher than the maximum tolerance limit accepted by USA (500 ng/kg). Percentages of contaminated raw cow, sheep, goat and camel milk exceeding the European tolerance limit were 60, 85, 75 and 0%, respectively. Twelve % of AFM1 contaminated pasteurized cow milk samples exceeded the European tolerance limit with a range of contamination between 14.60 and 216.78 ng/kg. For infant formula samples, the average concentration of AFM1 was 120.26 ng/kg (range between 16.55 to 288.68 ng/kg), the concentration of AFM1 in 85% of infant formula samples were higher than the maximum tolerance limit accepted by European Union and USA (25 ng/kg).
Seasonal variability of thermophilic Campylobacter spp. in raw milk sold by automatic vending machines in Lombardy
Authors: Bertasi Barbara , Losio Marina Nadia , Daminelli Paolo , Finazzi Guido , Serraino Andrea , Piva Silvia , Giacometti Federica , Massella Elisa , Ostanello Fabio
Published: June 2016

In temperate climates, a seasonal trend was observed in the incidence of human campylobacteriosis cases, with peaks reported in spring and autumn in some countries, or in summer in others; a similar trend was observed in Campylobacter spp. dairy cattle fecal shedding, suggesting that cattle may play a role in the seasonal peak of human infection. The objectives of this study were to assess if a seasonal trend in thermophilic Campylobacter spp. contamination of raw milk exists and to evaluate a possible relation between this and the increase of human campylobacteriosis incidence in summer months. The results showed a mean prevalence of 1.6% of milk samples positive for thermophilic Campylobacter spp. with a wide range in different months during the three years considered of 0.0-3.1%. The statistical analysis showed a significant difference (P<0.01) of the prevalence of positive samples for thermophilic Campylobacter spp. between warmer and cooler months (2.3% vs 0.6%). The evidence of a seasonal trend in thermophilic Campylobacter spp. contamination of raw milk sold for direct consumption, with an increase of the prevalence in warmer months, may represent one of the possible links between seasonal trend in cattle fecal shedding and seasonal trend in human campylobacteriosis.
Cross sectional study on arterial hypertension in a general practice setting
Authors: Mola Ernesto , Melgiovanni Cristina
Published: June 2016

An observational study on arterial hypertension (AH) in the setting of general practice takes advantages of reaching easily the involved population and of getting information from data recorded in the physicians’ databases. Their results could be different from data obtained in specialist settings. The aim of the study is to obtain some prevalence indexes regarding AH and verify if they are consistent with literature. Researchers administered a questionnaire and measured the blood pressure to 478 individuals, randomly selected from the patients’ lists of 17 general practitioners (GPs). Patients with high value of AH but not acknowledged as hypertensive patients (HP) were invited to come back for two new measurements. Some obtained indexes are not consistent with literature, particularly: i) 97.34% of the acknowledged hypertensive patients receive a drug treatment; ii) the percentage of HPs not identified by GP is very low (5.05%); iii) the prevalence of acknowledged HPs at target is higher compared to literature (64.89%). The study shows that the knowledge of clinical history of patients recorded by GPs enhances the rigor of the scientific methodology.
Myocardial contrast echocardiography in the diagnosis of a left ventricular hemangioma
Authors: Papadopoulos Kyriacos , Makrides Constantinos
Published: June 2016

Myocardial perfusion contrast echocardiography is an imaging tool for the assessment of myocardial microcirculation. It can also be used for the evaluation of the relative perfusion of a cardiac mass. Cardiac hemangiomas are rare tumors, accounting for only 2.8% of all benign primary cardiac tumors. We report a case of a 17-year-old man with a left ventricular hemangioma detected with transthoracic echocardiography. Myocardial perfusion contrast echocardiography was used to evaluate the vascularity of the cardiac mass. Using this technique malignant and hypervascular (e.g., hemangioma) tumors display persistence of contrast enhancement compared to the surrounding myocardium. The mass was successfully removed and the final report from pathology showed that the left ventricular mass was a hemangioma, a hypervascular tumor
Cardiac bedside ultrasound: is the future now?
Authors: Chesi Giuseppe
Published: June 2016

Not required
Inpatient hyperglycemia management: the opportunities of a new basal insulin
Authors: Simioni Natalino
Published: June 2016

The management of hospitalized diabetic patients for any cause is often difficult and affected not only by the comorbidities of the patient but also by the hospital setting. It is well known that at the admission the antidiabetic drugs should be discontinued on behalf of insulin therapy with insulin analogues, as a function of a basal-bolus insulin approach according to the phenotype of the patient, type of nutrition (enteral or parenteral rather than oral), or concomitant hyperglycemic therapy (e.g., steroid). The average stay of diabetic patients hospitalized for any cause is significantly correlated with both the number of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia. Compared to patients treated with sliding scale patients using a custom algorithm show a significant reduction in the number of hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia episodes and in the length of stay. We analyze the clinical profile of a novel basal insulin, degludec, and explore the potential clinical benefit for diabetic inpatient. The continuation of insulin therapy at home in the immediate post-hospitalization (if necessary), also correlates with a reduction in the rate of re-hospitalization, which combined with close follow-up diabetes can result in a reduction of chronic complications.