bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Communautés spectatorielles numériques : partages émotionnels et création de contenus génériques sur YouTube
Authors: Périneau-Lorenzo Sylvie
Published: September 2020

En mai 2019 s’achevait le dernier épisode de la dernière saison de Game of Thrones et cette série américaine a eu une telle audience, a tant fait échanger sur Twitter ou fait produire des contenus si variés qu’il est impératif de s’en saisir comme témoin du spectatorat actuel. Au travers des « crack vidéos » et des « réactions » diffusées sur YouTube, les internautes (et spectateurs) affirment d’un seul geste ce qu’ils sont, ce qu’ils éprouvent et ce qu’ils font. Dans l’écologie du spectateur numérique, la réversibilité de l’échange, la réflexivité du voir ou même l’inventivité du faire déterminent des conditions d’existence et de pouvoir. Or, dans ce laboratoire des usages, où l’apparente vacuité des formes et la grivoiserie des contenus pourraient nous dissuader d’aller plus loin, ni les spectateurs ni nous n’avons encore pris complètement la mesure de ce qui pourrait encore se gagner : l’instauration d’un agir spectatoriel.
On $ P_1 $ nonconforming finite element aproximation for the Signorini problem
Authors: Li Mingxia , Hua Dongying , Lian Hairong
Published: September 2020

The main aim of this paper is to study the $ P_1 $ nonconforming finite element approximations of the variational inequality arisen from the Signorini problem. We describe the finite dimensional closed convex cone approximation in a meanvalue-oriented sense. In this way, the optimal convergence rate $ O(h) $ can be obtained by a refined analysis when the exact solution belongs to $ H^{2}(\Omega) $ without any assumption. Furthermore, we also study the optimal convergence for the case $ u\in H^{1+\nu}(\Omega) $ with $ \frac{1}{2}<\nu<1 $.
A rare case of Buschke–Löwenstein tumor in HPV-negative patient
Authors: Lepekhova Anfisa , Dunaeva Ekaterina , Teplyuk Natalia , Vertieva Ekaterina
Published: September 2020

Buschke–Löwenstein tumor is known to manifest not only in sexually active people and adolescents exposed to violence or drugs, but also in people who do not have any predisposing factors or bad habits. Several studies have shown that in the majority of children with anogenital warts, HPV can be transmitted asexually by hetero- inoculation or through infected objects. To our knowledge, there are currently few reports on BLT in HPV-negative patients in the literature. In our case, the patient presented early, with multiple slow growing warts, no history of alcohol intake, drug use or smoking and no HPV infection, which makes this case unique and important.
Positive deviant unemployed individuals: Survivalist entrepreneurs in marginalised communities
Authors: Du Toit Melinda , De Witte Hans , Rothmann Sebastiaan , Van den Broeck Anja
Published: September 2020

Purpose: This exploratory study aimed to provide a description of the experiences and perceptions of survivalist entrepreneurs in under-resourced communities. These survivalist entrepreneurs perceived themselves as ‘temporary’ entrepreneurs. They engaged in entrepreneurial ventures, whilst actively searching for secure formal employment.Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative interviews were conducted with four informal survivalist microenterprise entrepreneurs (ISM-E entrepreneurs). Narratives relating to their experiences and perceptions of their environment, community and government support and their experience of owning a microenterprise in an impoverished community were analysed inductively.Findings/results: Fourteen themes were identified and were grouped under two broad topics, namely the characterisation of the entrepreneur and the surrounding setting of the ISM-E entrepreneur. The discussion of the findings was presented in a positive deviance framework.Practical implications: It was proposed that the ingenuity and strengths of these ISM-E entrepreneurs be acknowledged and that their positive discourses be cultivated and encouraged in order to inspire unemployed people around them. These ISM-E entrepreneurs could, ideally, point social scientists to possible context-appropriate solutions to the huge unemployment challenge experienced in disadvantaged communities.Originality/value: This study addresses a knowledge gap pertaining to the exploration of micro-entrepreneurship in under-resourced communities within a positive deviance framework.
Managing in a war zone: Somalian managers in the banking and mobile telecommunications sectors
Authors: Noor Abdulkadir , Walsh John
Published: September 2020

Orientation: Management studies too often concentrate on supposedly normal market conditions in stable, developed countries. In reality, most forms of management are conducted in more trying circumstances, and this article seeks to expand knowledge of how it takes place under difficult conditions.Research purpose: This study explored management techniques under wartime conditions exhibited by managers in the banking and mobile telecommunications sectors in Mogadishu, the capital of Somalia.Motivation for the study: Somalia is a fragile state that risks failing its people in many ways, including security, food security and basic public services. One means of compensating for these failures is the private sector’s ability to organise not just business but essential public services when the government is unable to do so. This article studied whether that was taking place.Research approach/design and method: The research was qualitative in nature and featured in-depth, personal interviews with managers and executives in the identified sectors of interest. Respondents were identified through convenience and then purposive snowball sampling techniques.Main findings: It was found that adaptations to managing in wartime could be divided into three main themes: practical aspects of managing in adversity, coping mechanisms and the ethical issues involved in managing without a government. In general, in the absence of a legitimate ruling power or a form of market regulation, managers reverted to the pre-existing tribal system as a means not just of managing transactions but also to instil trust in those transactions.Practical/managerial implications: A model is provided for managing under wartime or similarly difficult situations, which might be adapted to other contexts.Contribution/value-add: This article extends knowledge of how management is conducted in wartime and how managers adapt to adverse conditions.
Tuberculosis, a great masquerader: A case series unveiling rare sites of musculoskeletal involvement through imaging
Authors: Swarup M. Sarthak , Bhatt Shuchi , Rawal Rajesh , Tandon Anupama , Dangwal Saumya
Published: September 2020

Skeletal tubercular infections that do not involve the spine or large joints are rarely encountered. This case series aims to highlight the importance of imaging in diagnosing skeletal tuberculosis (TB) at uncommon sites in clinically unsuspected patients by demonstrating specific imaging findings. We present the clinical details and imaging findings of seven pathologically confirmed cases of extraspinal skeletal TB. A multimodality imaging approach including radiography, ultrasonography (USG) and computed tomography (CT) scan was used in most cases. The imaging studies revealed an infective soft tissue collection over different sites including the sternoclavicular joint, acromion process, chest wall and temporo-mandibular joint, along with destruction and erosion of the underlying or adjacent bones. In tubercular endemic countries, strong clinical suspicion should be entertained in cases presenting with a soft tissue collection, even around unusual skeletal sites.
Pentecostal hermeneutical reconsideration of the longer ending of Mark 16:9–20
Authors: Nel Marius
Published: September 2020

Many scholars accept that Mark 16:9–20 is a late addition to the gospel of Mark based on the testimony of the manuscript tradition and internal evidence. Within early Pentecostalism, Mark 16:9–20 influenced pentecostal practice and proclamation to an inordinate extent, with ‘these signs shall follow’ (v. 17) serving at the same time as a wake-up call to worldwide mission and a litmus test for the authenticity of early pentecostal experience. Most early Pentecostals used Mark 16:9–20 without giving any consideration to its originality; however, some reacted to the scholarly debate about the longer ending by discussing its relevance in terms of its canonical inclusion and value. The article discusses these canonical considerations to answer the question: If it is accepted that the passage was not part of the original manuscript, what are the implications of it being used extensively throughout the history of the church as a part of the canon, and specifically in terms of its value and prevalent use in pentecostal practice?Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article is intradisciplinary by touching issues concerning New Testament studies, hermeneutics and church history. Mark 16:9–20 is by scholarly consensus seen as a late addition to the gospel; however, Pentecostal churches have been and still are influenced by the text. If it is viewed as canonical, it calls for another way of thinking about Scripture.
Super-selective intra-arterial platinum-based chemotherapy concurrent with low-dose-rate plaque brachytherapy in the treatment of retinoblastoma
Authors: Mostaghimi Hesameddin , Ahmadabad Foad Goli , Rezaei Hadi
Published: September 2020

Objective:

Retinoblastoma is the most common cancer among children under 5 years of age. The common conventional methods for the treatment of retinoblastoma include chemotherapy and brachytherapy (BT). This study investigated the concurrent use of BT with 125I and103 Pd sources and chemotherapy with platinum-based chemotherapy drugs for retinoblastoma.

Materials and Methods:

The absorbed doses in different parts of the eye were measured with and without platinum. Platinum concentrations of 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mg/g were evaluated, and the dose enhancement factors (DEFs) were calculated for different cases.

Results:

For the 125I source, the DEFs at the tumor apex were 1.49, 1.67, 1.81, and 1.97 at concentrations of 5, 7.5, 10, and 15 mg/g, respectively. The DEF decreased dramatically beyond the apex at 0.85 cm from tumor base and was 0.87, 0.82, 0.76, and 0.63 for the abovementioned concentrations, respectively. For the 103Pd source, the DEFs were 1.15, 1.24, 1.21, and 1.07, respectively, at the apex and 0.76, 0.65, 0.56, and 0.39, respectively, beyond the apex.

Conclusions:

Our results showed that the concurrent use of low-dose-rate plaque BT and platinum-based chemotherapy significantly increased the tumor-absorbed dose and decreased the absorbed dose in areas outside the tumor and the treatment time.
Benchmarking and Rating of Private Commercial Banks of Bangladesh Through CAMELS Components
Authors: Haq A H M Ziaul , Nasrin Hosnay
Published: September 2020

The banking sector of Bangladesh is becoming more complicated than before. Ensuring the financial stability of the economy, monitoring, supervision, and continuous performance evaluation of the banking sector are compulsory. The present study, therefore, is an attempt to evaluate and compare the performance of our banks. One of the most effective supervisory techniques, CAMELS rating system has been used to benchmark and rate the banks based on their performance. In this study, 21 private commercial banks (PCBs) have been chosen as samples to meet the purpose of the study. Data for analysis has been collected from the banks’ annual reports for the period of 2008 to 2018. The result shows that none of the banks could achieve a 'strong' position, and only SEBL was able to secure a ‘satisfactory’ mark. Unfortunately, AB bank was rated "marginal" in the composite rating, which is the lowest rating among the sample banks. Hence, AB bank needs to develop reform and follow-up programs as soon as possible to avoid financial failure.
HYDROGEN GENERATION FROM SODIUM BOROHYDRIDE WITH COBALT BORIDE CATALYSTS
Authors: YOLCULAR KARAOĞLU Sevim , KARAOĞLU Serdar
Published: September 2020

NaBH4 is a promising hydrogen storage material, with its high hydrogen storage capacity (10.8 wt%), stability in alkaline solutions, mild reaction temperature, nontoxic by products and controllable hydrogen generation rates. Hydrogen generation of NaBH4 was investigated with Co2B/TiO2 composite catalyst. Co catalysts are very good candidates for NaBH4 hydrolysis from economical viewpoint. Composite catalysts have attracted continuous interest during the past decades and enable to give high selectivity, high activity and good stability. In this study, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4 molar ratio of Co2B/TiO2 composite catalysts were prepared to study hydrogen generation effects. Firstly, Co2B was produced with NaBH4 and CoCl2. Then, Co2B and TiO2 were mixed and grinded in a planetary ball mill. A 250 ml flask (with two openings, placed in a water bath) was used for the experiment. Alkaline NaBH4 solution and prepared catalysts were used and hydrogen generation rate was measured with the adjusted inverted burette which was submerged to the water at room temperature. 1:3 mole ratio composite catalysts gave the highest hydrogen generation rate as 364.58 ml.g-1.min-1 with 0.3 g catalyst amount, 2 wt% NaOH concentration, 9 wt% NaBH4 concentration and at 35 ○C. The effects of catalyst amount, NaOH and NaBH4 compositions, reaction temperature on the hydrogen generation rate were investigated and kinetic rate expression was determined. The calculated activation energy was 36.50 kJ.mol-1 , this value is low when compared to previous studies. These composite catalysts introduced perfect catalytic properties and can undertake the applications in hydrogen generation and hydrogen storage.
Use E-learning systems: System Quality, Information Quality and Service Quality on User Satisfaction
Authors: Susilowati Heni
Published: September 2020

This study aims to analyze the effect of system quality, information quality and service quality on user satisfaction of e-learning systems in lectures at STEKOM University. The sampling technique used Probability Sampling with the Simple Random Sampling approach of 66 respondents then processed as research data. The method of analysis uses Multiple Linear Regression to test the hypothesis with the t test and F test. Contribution of the influence of independent variables to the dependent variable uses the Adjusted R coefficient of determination. The results show partially and simultaneously system quality, information quality and service quality have a significant effect on user satisfaction. The quality of information is the dominant variable that affects user satisfaction of the academic information system of STEKOM University lecturers. User satisfaction of 50.3% is influenced by the variables in this study, while 49.7% is influenced by other variables.
Comparative Sero-prevalence of Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 IgG Antibodies in Nigerian Children by Two Methods; IFA and ELISA
Authors: Shaibu A. M.  , Aminu M  , Musa B. O. P.  , Bugaje M. A.
Published: September 2020

Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) are common cause of fatal sporadic encephalitis in 70% of children and can cause chronic ulcerative infection in immuno- suppressed children leading to latency with subsequent reactivate in the conjunctiva resulting in scarring, thickening of the cornea and blindness. This comparative study determined the sero-prevalence of HSV-1 IgG antibodies in children attending some selected Hospitals in Kaduna state, Nigeria. A total of 377 blood samples were collected from children less than five years old attending some selected hospitals in Kaduna State and analyzed for HSV-1 IgG antibodies employing Enzyme immune assay technique by using commercially available ELISA Kits and Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) test. Sero-prevalence rate of 57.8 % (218 /377) was obtained by ELISA and 67.4% (255/377) by IFA test.  The highest prevalence of HSV-1 infection was obtained in children in age group 49-60 months (85.2%) and lowest in children in age group 13-24 months (44.8%). Herpes simplex virus type -1 infection was significantly associated with age. Though a higher prevalence was obtained in female children than male children the difference observed in the prevalence was not statistically significant .The infection was significantly associated with children who were in school (χ2= 15.28, df = 1, P= 0.001) by only the ELISA test. Clinical symptoms significantly associated with HSV-1infection in children in this study were febrile illnesses, conjunctivitis, jaundice, skin infections and oro-facial lesions while the risk factors were age and educational status of children. Over half of the children sampled were protected from HSV-1 infection while about 40% of the children were susceptible to the infection and were at risk of developing severe HSV-1 manifestation which includes keratitis, encephalitis and Keratoconjunctivitis.
Optimization of Culture Condition in the Production of Bioenzymes by Bacteria Isolated from Poultry Waste in Sokoto State, Nigeria
Authors: Hauwa, H.  , S.B. Oyeleke  , Adamu, Shahidah Ahmed
Published: September 2020

Poultry wastes obtained from a poultry farm in Sokoto metropolis were analyzed for cellulose producing bacteria. Bacillus megaterium, Bacillus laterosporus, and Bacillus amyloliquifeciens isolated were screened for their ability to produce cellulase enzyme. All the isolates showed cellulose activity by exhibiting a wide halo on caboxymethylcellulase medium (CMC).The fermentation process was optimized using the following parameters, inoculum size, pH, Substrate concentration, temperature, and incubation periods. Cellulase activity was determined using DNS method, Banana peels was used as a substrate for the production of the enzymes, this was analysed with atomic absorbtion spectrophotometer (AAS).Cellulase enzyme was produced at innoculum size 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5%. pH 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11. Substrate concentration 1g, 2g, 3g, 4g,  and 5g. Temperature 35, 45, 55, 65, and 75,  for 1, 2, 3, 3, and 5, days respectively. Bacillus laterosporus recorded the highest cellulase activity 0f 0.37mg/ml in 5% substrate concentration among all the isolates while Bacillus amyloliquefeciens recorded highest cellulose production at pH3 with 45mg/ml Bacillus laterosporus recorded highest activity of cellulose production with 0.71mg/ml Temperature was also studied in the cellulose production and Bacillus laterosporus showed highest activity at 75⁰C with activity of 0.66mg/ml. This study showed that Bacillus laterosporus was the best cellulase producing bacteria among all the isolates.
Prevalence of Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica) in Sheep and Goats Slaughtered at Katsina Central Abattoir, Katsina State, Nigeria
Authors: Abdulkarim, B.  , Abdul,azeez, H.R.
Published: September 2020

This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) in sheep and goats slaughtered at Katsina Central Abattoir, Katsina State. A total of One hundred and fifty (150) bile samples comprising of seventy five (75) from sheep and seventy five (75) from goats were collected at daily intervals for a period of four weeks. The bile samples were analysed using sedimentation technique to determine the presence of Liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica). Results revealed the prevalence of Liver fluke infection in sheep as 19.35% in male and 25% in female, while in goat; the prevalence was 18.51% in male and 14.58% in female respectively. In relation to age in sheep, those within the age range of 5-9 months had the highest prevalence (9.33%) and in goat, those within the age range of 10-14 months had the highest prevalence (6.66%). There were no significant statistical associations (p>0.05) between infection of Fasciola hepatica and sex, as well as age in both sheep and goats slaughtered at Katsina Central abattoir during the period of this study. There is the need for preventive measures to be taken by the government, herds men and other stakeholders in order to prevent damages caused by Liver fluke in sheep and goats bred in the study area.
Isolation of Ligninolytic Enzymes Producing Microbes from Textile Effluent Contaminated Soil
Authors: Omotosho, A. O.  , Oyeleke, S.B  , Daniyan, S.Y.  , Egwim, E.C
Published: September 2020

Evaluation of some microbial species for their ability to produce ligninolytic enzymes was investigated using streak plate method. Ten (10) microbial strains were isolated from soil contaminated with textile effluents using the spread plate technique. Aspergillus terreus and Aspergillus niger showed higher expression for laccase with 8.0 mm diameter zones clearance. Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis had the widest clearance zone (12.0 and 8.0 mm) respectively. Only Aspergillus flavus however had the potential to produce lignin peroxidase (with 10 mm zones of clearance) of all the fungi isolated in this study. Streptococcus faecalis, Trichoderma harzianum, Micrococcus luteus, and Aspergillus flavus had the widest clearance zones (6.0 mm) in the Manganese peroxidase screening medium.Some of the microbial species possessed multiple traits for the production of the various ligninolytic enzymes assayed at ≥8 mm diameter zone clearance. Therefore, the research main focus is to identify microorganisms that are potential producers ofligninolytic enzymesgiven that they can be used for industrial waste bioremediation.
Identification and Anti-bacterial Testing of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Jollof Rice sold at selected Cafeterias in Federal University Dutse Campus, Jigawa State.
Authors: Raji, M.  , Amoo, F. K.  , Adeleye, A. O.  , Amoo, A.O.  , Bate, G. B.  , Mohammed, S.
Published: September 2020

This research was aimed at identifying Staphylococcus aureus isolated from jollof rice samples at selected cafeterias in Federal University Dutse campus. A total of fifteen (15) samples were collected and processed within an hour in sterile containers from five (5) different cafeterias (A, B, C, D and E). The total aerobic bacterial counts recorded from samples A, B, C, D and E were 1.6 x 105, 1.1 x 105, 1.1 x 107, 9.3 x 104, 1.3 x107 cfu/g respectively while total Staphylococcal counts recorded from samples A, B, C, D and E were 1.3 x 104, 6.5 x 103, 6.0 x 105, 4.0 x 103, 1.5 x108 cfu/g respectively. Based on staphylococcal counts recorded, sample A result is unacceptable while samples B and D are within tolerable microbiological quality while that of samples C and E are also of poor quality. Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the samples was higher in samples C and E than in samples A, B and D. The isolate was susceptible to Ofloxacin and Gentamicin based on susceptibility tests conducted. Closer supervision of food handlers preparing and serving the food, most be carried out routinely by relevant authorities within the campus with a view to preventing possible outbreak of food borne illness caused by S. aureus.
Phytochemical Screening and Antimicrobial Activity of Aqueous Stem Extract of Aloe vera on Some Common Pathogenic Bacteria
Authors: Baha’uddeen Salisu Dandashire  , Sa’adatu Muhammad Shema
Published: September 2020

Aloe vera is one of the most popular ethnomedicinal plants that is commonly used in treating many infectious diseases. However, the knowledge of the spectrum of antimicrobial activity of the plant and its bioactive components is still inadequate. In this study, we carried out an automated determination of phytochemical components in aqueous extract (AE) of Aloe vera whole stem by GC-MS (Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry), determined the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the extract on some common pathogenic bacteria which included Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus by agar well diffusion method, and determined the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and minimum Bactericidal concentration (MBCs) by agar dilution method. The result showed that the extract has strong antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms. No resistance was observed. The range for zones of inhibition, MIC and MBC were 12.33 ± 0.33 – 28.67 ± 0.60mm, 25mg/ml – 50mg/ml and 50mg/ml – 100mg/ml respectively. The most susceptible isolate was S. typhi (MBC = 50mg/ml) and the least sensitive isolate was E. faecalis (MBC = 150mg/ml). The GC-MS of the extract revealed 9 different compounds of which 82.82% are Palmitic acid methyl ester, (7Z)-7-Tetradecenal, Palmitin, 1,2-di-, 2-aminoethyl hydrogen phosphate and Decyl hexanoate with peak areas of 34.40%, 20.48%, 15.46% and 12.48% respectively. In conclusion, Aloe vera contained many broad spectrum antimicrobially active compounds that can be further purified to produce new antimicrobial compounds that can be used in the treatment of many diseases especially those caused by S. typhi, S. aureus and E. coli.
Pathogenesis of Necrotising Enterocolitis Associated with Faecal Microbiome among Preterm Infants: A Review
Authors: Bello H.  , Abdulkadir B.  , Abdulmalik Y.  , Murtala S.  , Fatima M.  , Umar L.  , Musa I.
Published: September 2020

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is primarily a disease process of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract of premature neonates that results in inflammation and bacterial invasion of the bowel wall. It is the most common gastrointestinal (GI) emergency in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs), making it one of the leading causes of long-term disability in preterm infants.  Despite advances in the care of premature infants, NEC remains one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in this population. It occurs in 1-5% of all neonatal intensive care admissions and 5-10% of all very low birth weight (<1500 g) infants.  Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is primarily a disease of premature infants, but may also be present in 10% of term and near term babies. Preterm infants show delayed colonization by “healthy commensal” organisms, especially bifidobacteria and lactobacilli. Data suggest that low colonization of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus in preterm Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) infants may serve as a predisposing factor in microbial infection and NEC. The presence of a higher proportion of Proteobacteria has an association with faecal microbiome among preterm infants. Thus, the focus of this review is to provide an in-depth summary of the current knowledge regarding its association with faecal microbiome among preterm infants. Different search engines were carefully employed in analyzing scientific articles, journals, and online published data. Preventing NEC is instrumental in decreasing the morbidity and mortality from this gastrointestinal emergency. Human milk (breastfeeding) has been proved to be protective against NEC likewise probiotic supplementation has reduced both incidence and severity of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm neonates. Also, the intervention of surgery, laparotomy andthe use of stem cells in clinical neonatology is therapeutic options with huge potential.With its multifactorial pathogenesis, disease prevention remains a challenge, although, probiotic supplementation has reduced both incidence and severity of necrotising enterocolitis in preterm neonates.
Isolation and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profile of Escherichia coli from Urine Samples of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinics in Selected Hospitals within Kaduna Metroplolis, Nigeria
Authors: Tijjani, R. J.,  , Yahaya, O.  , Inabo, H. I.
Published: September 2020

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remains the most common infections diagnosed among in and  out patients as well as hospitalized patients. A total of 400 urine samples were collected from pregnant women attending selected hospitals within Kaduna Metropolis, Nigeria and analyzed for E. coli associated urinary tract infection. E. coli was isolated using Eosin methylene blue agar, and preserved on Nutrient agar slant. The isolates were identified based on cultural characteristics, conventional biochemical test and microgen kit identification. The antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the isolate was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Out of the 400 samples collected, 85 (21.3%) were positive for Escherichia coli. In relation to the age-group, pregnant women within the age group 26-30 years had the highest prevalence of infection (28.3%), followed by pregnant women within the age of 31-35 years (18.9%), pregnant women with the least prevalence are within the age 15-20 years (18.3%). Pregnant women who were housewives had the highest prevalence of E. coli infection. Women in their 2nd and 3rd trimesters were found to have a higher prevalence of Escherichia coli infection; 21.7% and 23.0% respectively. This shows that high parity is one of the possible factors affecting the prevalence of urinary tract infection among pregnant women. Escherichia coli isolates showed highest susceptibility to Gentamicin (72.9%), Amoxycillin (70.5%) and Streptomycin (70.5%). However, the isolates showed higher resistance to Perfloxacin (49.4%), Chloramphenicol (38.8%), and Ciprofloxacin (36.5%).
Prevalence, Risk Factors and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Shigella spp Isolated from Gastroenteritis Patients attending some Hospitals in Kano State, Nigeria
Authors: Sulaiman, M.A.  , Aminu, M.  , Ella, E.E.  , Abdullahi, I.O.
Published: September 2020

Shigella spp are among the major causes of gastroenteritis, some of which have become multidrug resistant (MDR), making the infection a public health threat. The study was aimed at determining the prevalence, risk factors and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Shigella spp isolated from gastroenteritis patients. A total of 540 stool samples were collected, involving  450 from gastroenteritis patients (GEPs) and 90 from apparently healthy individuals (AHIs). The isolates were identified based on conventional microbiological techniques and their susceptibility patterns were determined by using Kirby-Bauer method. The patients’ information and demographics were obtained by administering questionnaire. The overall prevalence recorded was 0.9%, with 1.1% and 0% in GEPs and AHIs respectively (Odd ratio= 2.246; 95%CI= 0.1225-40.7708 Significance Level = 0.5873). The highest (2.4%) and lowest (0%) prevalence was recorded among patients who presented with diarrhoea and formed stool respectively (p=0.0487). The prevalence was higher among those who presented with bloody stool (23.1%), compared to those whose appeared normal (0.23%) (p=0.00001). Additionally, prevalence of 4.8% and 0% was observed among those who experienced fever and headache respectively, and the observed differences were significant (P=0.0097). However, neither age nor gender was found to be a risk factor. All the isolates were susceptible to augmentin, and 60% of the isolates showed significant Multiple Antibiotic Resistance (MAR) index. It was concluded that the prevalence of shigellosis was comparatively low and most of the patients presented with bloody diarrhoea and fever. Augmentin was the drug of choice and a possible sign of inappropriate use of antibiotics was observed among the subjects.
Antibiogram of Candida Species using Different Susceptibility Testing Techniques: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sule, H.  , Kumurya, A. S.  , Ibrahim, A.
Published: September 2020

Susceptibility pattern determination is a valuable key towards successful treatment of infectious diseases. Susceptibility of Candida species to different antifungal agents are also a common practice, however, different methods are employed to achieve the same goal. Some of the different techniques include: Disc diffusion method, Epsilometre test (E-test), Candfast, Microdilution technique among others. Fluconazole, Voriconazole, Itraconazole and Amphotericin B are some of the antifungal agents commonly used for treatment of infections due to Candida species. Most of these antifungals are also covered in this review. The commonly encountered Candida species in clinical settings include: C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. albicans, C. krusei, and C. glabrata. This review also gave some insight into their variable susceptibility pattern, as it affects different methods of susceptibility testing. There were reports of resistance from researchers from different regions across the globe; this therefore, signifies the importance of availability of data with regards to susceptibility of these species.
Assessment of Potential Efficacy of Coliphage Therapy on Multidrug Resistant Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli
Authors: Sulaiman, M. A.  , Usman, A.R.
Published: September 2020

Coliphages are the bacteriophage that attack and lyse Escherichia coli, a bacterium emerging as multidrug resistant, thereby posing serious public health challenge. Thus, searching for alternative therapies, one of which is coliphage therapy is timely. The work was aimed at screening clinical isolates of E. coli for the ability to host the coliphage and to determine the cytopathic effect of the coliphages against the multidrug resistant E. coli hosts. Eight (8) clinical isolates of E. coli were reconfirmed using both conventional and PCR techniques. The isolates were used for the detection and enumeration of the coliphage. The lowest plaque forming unit (PFU/µL) dilution of each of the 5 samples collected, was determined using double agar overlay method. The isolates that successfully hosted the growth of the phage were further screened against 8 commonly used antibiotics, using disc diffusion method. Out of the 8 clinical isolates collected, 5(62.5%) were confirmed as E coli, out of which 3 (60%) supported the growth of the coliphage. The lowest PFU dilution was 1:108 and all the 3  isolates of E. coli that supported the growth of the coliphages were found to be Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) and were all (100%) lysed by the coliphages. Phage therapy was found to be effective against even the MDR bacteria as such, can be considered an alternative therapy. However, a cocktail of the phages may be necessary to ensure absolute adsorption and successful lysis of the pathogens.
Physicochemical and Antibacterial Screening of Coconut Oil on some Clinical Bacteria Isolates
Authors: John Solomon Obidah  , Amadi Blessing  , Mathias Deborah  , Audu Kalen Ephraim
Published: September 2020

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) is a palm tree found worldwide mainly used as a staple food crop, source of wood and in traditional medicine. This study investigates physicochemical properties and antibacterial screening of coconut oil on some clinically isolated bacteria; Salmonella typhi, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli from sputum, faeces and urine. The isolates were characterized based on biochemical tests according to standard methods. Coconut oil was extracted using the wet processing method and physicochemical properties involving Colour, pH, Moisture content, free fatty acid and Peroxide values were also determined accordingly. These properties were found to fall with standard range values of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists (AOAC). Agar-well diffusion assay was used for sensitivity assessment and zones of inhibition diameter were measured in millimetres. Antibacterial activity of coconut oil was minimal at low volumes, but demonstrated significantly appreciable antimicrobial effect on the test organisms with increase in oil volume. The highest antimicrobial activity of 12.10 mm mean zone of inhibition diameter observed for Staphylococcus aureus, followed by Streptococcus pyogenes having 10.13mm, Escherichia coli 6.96mm, whereas, Salmonella typhi had the lowest inhibition zone of 5.05 mm. Salmonella typhi showed relatively low zone of inhibition even at the higher volume. Coconut oil has demonstrated antibacterial activity on bacterial isolates used for this study and a potential source of antimicrobial agent.
Evaluation of HIV1 GP 120-CD4 Binding Inhibition Potentials of the Stem Bark Extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis
Authors: Mohammed, B.  , Abba, S.A.  , Gali, S.
Published: September 2020

The study was conducted to evaluate the HIV1 gp120-CD4 binding inhibitory potential of crude aqueous, methanol and petroleum ether extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis. The extracts were obtained by Soxhalet extraction. Phytochemical screening, gp120-CD4 binding inhibitory potential, and sub-acute toxicity tests were carried out using standard techniques. Total of six phyto-constituents were identified in the extracts; flavonoids, alkaloids and balsams in aqueous extract, while flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, balsams, steroids and cardiac glycosides in methanol extract, and flavonoids, alkaloids in the petroleum ether extract. Mean percentage inhibitions of the extracts of Diospyros mespiliformis against HIV-1 gp120-CD4 binding were recorded at various concentrations of the extracts, with 10% inhibition was recorded at 125µg/ml in aqueous extract, 13% and 18% inhibitions were recorded at 250 and 125µg/ml in methanol extract respectively, while 3% inhibition was found in 125µg/ml of petroleum ether extract respectively. Physical signs of toxicity; weight changes, hair loss, diarrhea, and weakness of the body of the laboratory animals treated with 250 and 125mg/kg were observed. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in serum Aspartate Amino Transferase (AST) and Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP). There were no signs of Inflammation observed in the tissues of animals treated with all the extracts. It can be concluded that the methanol extracts possessed higher anti gp120-CD4 binding activity and extracts were non- toxic to the animals.
Resistance Patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to First-Line Anti-TB Drugs in Kaduna State, North-Western Nigeria
Authors: Aliyu, M. S.  , Garba, I.  , Tijjani, M. B.  , Doko, M. H.I.  , Mamuda, K.  , Suleiman, M. A.  , Hussaini, I. M.
Published: September 2020

The problem of tuberculosis (TB) in Nigeria has been made worse by the issues of drug  resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Resistance associated with treatment failures has become a common occurrence worldwide. Of particular concern is the increasing prevalence of multi drug resistant M. tuberculosis; organisms resistant to isoniazid and rifampicin, the two drugs that form the backbone of modern short-course therapy. Susceptibility of forty (40) M. tuberculosis isolates to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RIF), streptomycin (SM) and ethambutol (EMB) was determined by the proportion method on Lowenstein Jensen egg based slopes containing critical concentrations of INH, RIF, SM and EMB (0.2 μg/ml, 40 μg/ml, 4.0 μg/ml and 2.0 μg/ml respectively). Overall drug resistance was found in 21 (52.5%) isolates. Mono-drug resistance was seen in 9 (22.5%) of the isolates tested and was against streptomycin. Two (5.0%) isolates were found to be MDR. Five (12.5%) were poly-drug resistant. One isolate showed poly-drug resistance to SM and INH, 2 (5%) were poly-drug resistant to SM and EMB, 1 (2.5%) was resistant to INH and EMB. Poly resistance to SM, INH and EMB was found in only 1 isolate. No poly-resistance to RIF and EMB, RIF and SM or RIF/SM/EMB was observed.
Co-Infection of Schistosomiasis and Helminthiasis among School-Aged Children in Kura Local Government Area, Kano State
Authors: Sule, H.  , Kumurya, A. S.  , Ishaq, A.
Published: September 2020

Schistosomiasis and helminthiasis are serious course for concern in developing countries, especially among children; because of their effect on health economy any affected patient and the population at large. This study was a cross-sectional survey aimed to determine the co- infection of these two important groups of parasites, among primary school pupils in some communities of Kura Local Government Area, Kano State, Nigeria. Freshly produced urine and stool samples were collected from 165 apparently healthy pupils and examined using microscopic and macroscopic standard methods. Out of the 165 pupils examined, 15 (9.0%) were found to be co-infected with both groups of the parasites. About the identified parasites,lumbricoides was the most prevalent soil-transmitted helminths (STH) encountered, with a prevalence rate of 7.27%, followed by Hook worms (3.03%), while infection with Schistosomes revealed S. haematobium 26.7% and S. mansoni 6.7%. Males were found to be at higher risk with 60.0% prevalence rate than females that had 40.0%. Age limit of 5-6 years recorded the highest prevalence for S. haematobium, A. lumbricoides, and hookworm infections.
Pemikiran Politik Era Kenabian, Sahabat Dan Sekte-Sekte Islam: Tinjauan Sketsa Historisitas
Authors: Umar Umar
Published: September 2020

Dalam sejarah perkembangan Islam dari era kenabian hingga pada kekhalifahan khulafa Al-Rasyidun tidak lepas dari system politik, baik dalam bentuk penyebaran agama Islam maupun dalam pemerintahan. Pemikiran politik Islam diawali oleh sejak penyebaran agama Islam, namun dalam perkembangannya mengalami dinamika yang kompleks terutama dalam masa pemerintahan pemimpin-pemimpin Islam pasca Nabi (Khulafa Al-Rasyidun), gejolak politik yang dihadapi umat Islam oleh pemimpin Islam dengan karakter yang berbeda-beda menorehkan peta konflik yang cenderung melahirkan teori politik yang berbeda pula. Dalam tinjauan secara umum sejarah politik Islam dari era kenabian, sahabat dan sekte-sekte Islam ini mengemukakan sketsa perpolitikan yang patut direnungi dan dengan melihat asas kesatuan politik masa kini sebagai bahan perbandingan, bahwa sejarah politik Islam mengalami transisi dan evolusi seiring dengan perkembangan dan dinamika suatu masyarakat. Pada tulisan ini mengemukakan sketsa historisitas perpolitikan Islam dan era kenabian, sahabat dan sekte-sekte Islam sehingga turut mempengaruhi eksistensi Islam masa kini.
Problematika Dakwah di Indonesia
Authors: Meisil Meisil B. Wulur
Published: September 2020

Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang problematika dakwah di Indonesia . Metodelogi yang digunakan adalah Library Research. Pengumpulan data yang digunakan berkaitan dengan problematika dakwah, kemudian tentang upaya-upaya dalam mengatasi problema dakwah di Indonseia. Dan data di ambil dari beberapa buku yang berkaitan dengan tulisan ini. Hasil dari pembahasan tulisan ini adalah  tentang gambaran problematika dakwah di Indonesia dan upaya-upaya dalam mengatasinya. Tulisan merupakan gambaran dan problematika dakwah, sehingga lebih mudah memahami tantangan dakwah dan lebih memahami apa yangt erjadi dalam kondisi lapangan secara nyata.
Adat Perkawinan Budaya Bugis Makassar dan Relevansinya dalam Islam
Authors: P Sudirman
Published: September 2020

Perkawinan merupakan suatu peristiwa yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Dalam ajaran Islam pun kita di anjurkan untuk menikah, Al-Qur’an pun menjelaskan dalam surah Az-Zariyah ayat 49, dan surah yasin ayat 36, bahwa manusia telah diciptakan dalam bentuk pasangan-pasangan, baik dari apa yang ditumbuhkan oleh bumi dan dari diri mereka maupun dari apa yang tidak mereka ketahui. Tujuan perkawinan menurut agama islam ialah untuk memenuhi petunjuk agama dalam rangka mendirikan keluarga yang harmonis, sejahtera dan bahagia. Harmonis  dalam menggunakan hak dan kewajiban anggota keluarga, sehinggah timbullah kebahagiaan, yakni kasih sayang angtar anggota keluarga. Begiru pula dalam budaya Bugis Makassar perkawinan adalah salah satu cara untuk melanjutkan keturunan dengan dasar cinta kasih untuk melanjutkan hubungan yang erat angtara keluarga yang lain, angtara suku dan suku yang lain bahkan angtara bangsa dengan bangsa lain. Budaya dan adat perkawinan Bugis Makassar adalah salah satu budaya pernikahan di Indonesia yang paling kompleks dan melibatkan banyak emosi. Bagaimana tidak, mulai dari ritual lamaran hingga selesai resepsi pernikahan akan melibatkan seluruh keluarga yang berkaitan dengan kedua pasangan calon mempelai. Ditambah lagi dengan biaya mahar dan “Doi’ Panaik atau uang naik atau biaya akomodasi pernikahan yang selangit. Sebenarnya dulu adat budaya pernikahan yang tergolong mewah ini hanya berlaku bagi keluarga kerajaan, namun sekarang mengalami pergeseran dan mulai dipraktekkan masyarakat umum suku Bugis Makassar Dalam budaya adat Bugis Makassar juga dikenal pula perkawinan ideal dan pembatasan jodoh yaitu perkawinan angtara Sampo Sikali (sepupu satu kali), hubungan perkawinan ini disebut sialleang baji’na (perjodohan yang paling baik), perkawinan angtara Sampo Pinruang (sepupu dua kali), hubungan perkawinan ini disebut nipassikaluki, perkawinan angtara sampo pintallu (sepupu tiga kali), dan seterusnya. hubungan perkawinan ini disebut nipakambani bellayua (yang jauh didekatkan). Dalam budaya adat Bugis Makassar  ada beberapa bentuk-bentuk perkawinan, mulai dalam bentuk peminangan, perkawinan dengan annyala, silariang, nilariang,dan erangkale. Upacara perkawinan di daerah Sulawesi Selatan banyak dipengaruhi oleh ritual-ritual sakral dengan tujuan agar perkawinan berjalan dengan lancar dan kedua mempelai mendapat berkah dari Tuhan. Semua itu dilakukan mempunyai makna dan kepercayaan tersendiri.
Tantangan dan Urgensi Keilmuan Dakwah Kontemporer (Tinjauan Sejarah Perkembangan Ilmu Dakwah)
Authors: Amir Amir Hamzah
Published: September 2020

Dakwah dewasa ini mengalami perkembangan yang sangat pesat ditandai dengan maraknya aktivitas dakwah di berbagai media sosial. Aktivitas dakwah kontemporer tersebut dilakukan oleh ragam kalangan baik yang punya latar belakang pendidikan dakwah ataupun yang hanya belajar otodidak untuk berdakwah. Mengkaji efektivitas dakwah kontemporer menghadirkan pemikiran tentang pentingnya pemahaman tentang keilmuan dakwah sebagai salah satu faktor pendukung terwujudnya efektivitas dakwah. Pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang keilmuan dakwah merupakan langkah-langkah yang harus diambil untuk mewujudkan dakwah yang efektif dan efisien. Kajian keilmuan dakwah memungkinkan seorang dai atau lembaga dakwah melakukan desain dakwah dengan pengetahuan dan pemahaman tentang berbagai aspek yang melingkupi aktivitas dakwah
Konsep Al Quran dalam menangani Konflik
Authors: Rahmatullah Rahmatullah
Published: September 2020

Islam adalah sebuah ajaran universal, yang mengajarkan kepada para pemeluknya agar dapat hidup dengan rukun dan damai. Ajaran perdamaian ini pada dasarnya merupakan titik tolak dari realisasi diutusnya Rasulullah sebagai rahmat bagi seluruh alam. Rahmat bagi seluruh alam merupakan konsepsi universal yang keluar dari batas-batas agama (dalam dimensi eksoteriknya), budaya, ras, suku, warna kulit dan lain sebagainya. Sejatinya, ajaran universal tentang perdamaian yang disampaikan oleh Rasulullah ini, mengarahkan umat Islam secara khusus dan umat manusia pada umumnya ke arah perkembangan dan perwujudan secara total terhadap nilai-nilai dimensi humanisasi. Pada gilirannya, perwujudan nilai-nilai humanis ini, akan mengantar pada penciptaan peradaban universal yang berakar dari pemahaman mendalam mengenai dimensi moral, ahlak dan etika.
Pengaruh masyarakat sekitar Nabi S.A.W. terhadap keberadaan Hadis
Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain Mubhar
Published: September 2020

Hadis Nabi merupakan sumber ajaran Islam kedua setelah Al-Qur’an, yang setiap muslim wajib mengikuti dan mengamalkan ajaran-ajaran yang terdapat di dalamnya. Karena sifatnya yang demikian, maka mempelajari hadis juga merupakan keharusan bagi setiap muslim. Karena, untuk beramal dengan ajaran-ajaran yang terdapat dalam hadis-hadis Nabi, seseorang minimal harus mengetahui hal-hal yang diajarkan di dalamnya. Di samping memahami dan mengkaji hadis, mempelajari ilmu hadis juga menjadi keniscayaan, karena ilmu ini membahas hal ihwal yang terkait dengan Nabi khususnya dari segi dapat tidaknya dijadikan hujjah atau dalil agama Islam. Hadis ( Sunnah) yang lahir tidak dapat terlepas dari kondisi dan situasi masyarakat dimana hadis itu terbentuk, serta tidak lepas dari peran sahabat pada masa itu. Masyarakat dan sahabat adalah merupakan subjek sekaligus objek dari terbentuknya hadis. Hadis hadir mengiringi dan menjelaskan ayat-ayat Al-Qur’an, sekaligus sebagai jawaban-jawaban kejadian-kejadian atau kasus yang sedang terjadi baik masalah ibadah maupun muamalah. Mengingat pentingnya kedua faktor pembentuk lahirnya hadis, yaitu kondisi masyarakat dan peran sahabat, maka untuk mempelajari hadis pada saat ini tidak bisa mempelajari hadis berdasarkan teksnya belaka (tekstual), tetapi perlu juga mempelajari konteks saat hadis itu lahir. Berdasarkan uraian pembahasan di atas, jelaslah bahwa mempelajari hadis perlu mengkaji historis, sosiologis dan antropologis (kontekstual) masyarakat pada saat dimana hadis itu lahir.