bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of the Optimum Tilt Angle of Solar PV Panels to Maximize Incident Solar Radiation in Libya
Authors: Teyabeen Alhassan Ali , Mohamed Faisal
Published: November 2024

The most significant factor affecting the performance of a solar photovoltaic (PV) system is its tilt angle. It determines the amount of incident solar energy at the panel surface. In this paper, the optimum tilt angle of solar PV panels is estimated based on measured data recorded in twelve major cities in Libya by changing the panel’s tilt angle from 0∘ up to 90∘ in steps of 1∘ and searching for the corresponding maximum daily total solar radiation. A non-linear regression technique was applied to establish six empirical models to determine the optimum tilt angle in Libya. The accuracy of the models was evaluated using statistical criteria such as Taylor diagrams, root mean square error, mean bias error, and correlation coefficient. The results demonstrated that the monthly optimum tilt angle increased during the winter and decreased during the summer varying from 0∘ to 59∘. In addition, both third-order polynomial and Fourier models presented the best efficiency in estimating the optimum tilt angle with a correlation coefficient of 0.9943. The percent gain in average yearly solar energy received at the monthly optimum tilt angle varies from 12.43% to 17.24% for all studied sites compared to the horizontal surface.
A Novel LCLC Parallel Resonant Circuit for High-Frequency Induction Heating Application
Authors: Xu Sheng , Xu Zuping , Xia Huafeng
Published: November 2024

The application of induction heating power supply in the continuous production line of tinplate has garnered significant research and scholarly attention. However, the impedance matching of LC or CLC resonant circuits in the system lacks flexibility and is susceptible to overvoltage during startup. As a solution to the problem, a novel four-order LCLC parallel resonant circuit was proposed in this study for high-frequency induction heating power supply. By incorporating auxiliary inductors in parallel with CLC compensating capacitor branches, the induction heating system can operate reliably and achieve optimal load impedance matching. The equivalent circuit and mathematical model of the new resonant load were established, and the frequency characteristics of the circuit system were analyzed. Then, the parallel resonance characteristics of the new resonant circuit were comprehensively elucidated, including the quality factor, impedance characteristics, behavior of resonant current, and properties of voltage regulation. Finally, a simulation model of a high-frequency induction heating power supply was developed based on the proposed LCLC resonant circuit and compared with LC and CLC resonant circuits. The results demonstrated that the induction heating power supply system utilizing the proposed LCLC parallel resonant load exhibits superior parallel resonant characteristics, enhanced load impedance-matching flexibility, and improved output voltage stability when compared to traditional LC or CLC parallel resonant loads.
New Insight of Nanosheet Enhanced Oil Recovery Modeling: Structural Disjoining Pressure and Profile Control Technique Simulation
Authors: Geng Xiangfei , Ding Bin , Guan Baoshan , Sun Haitong , Zan Jingge , Qu Ming , Liang Tuo , Li Honghao , Hu Shuo
Published: November 2024

This study presents a novel Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) method using Smart Black Nanocards (SLNs) to mitigate the environmental impact of conventional thermal recovery, especially under global warming. Unlike prior studies focusing on wettability alteration via adsorption, this research innovatively models ‘oil film detachment’ in a reservoir simulator to achieve wettability alteration. Using the CMG-STARS (2020) simulator, this study highlights SLNs’ superior performance over traditional chemical EOR and spherical nanoparticles by reducing residual oil saturation and shifting wettability toward water-wet conditions. The structural disjoining pressure (SDP) of SLNs reaches 20.99 × 103 Pa, 16.5 times higher than spherical particles with an 18.5 nm diameter. Supported by the Percus–Yevick (PY) theory, the numerical model achieves high accuracy in production history matching, with oil recovery and water cut fitting within precision error ranges of 0.02 and 0.05, respectively. This research advances chemical EOR technologies and offers an environmentally sustainable, efficient recovery strategy for low-permeability and heavy oil reservoirs, serving as a promising alternative to thermal methods.
Research on Fast SOC Balance Control of Modular Battery Energy Storage System
Authors: Wang Jianlin , Zhou Shenglong , Mao Jinlu
Published: November 2024

Early SOC balancing techniques primarily centered on simple hardware circuit designs. Passive balancing circuits utilize resistors to consume energy, aiming to balance the SOC among batteries; however, this approach leads to considerable energy wastage. As research progresses, active balancing circuits have garnered widespread attention. Successively, active balancing circuits utilizing capacitors, inductors, and transformers have been proposed, enhancing balancing efficiency to some extent. Nevertheless, challenges persist, including energy wastage during transfers between non-adjacent batteries and the complexity of circuit designs. In recent years, SOC balancing methods based on software algorithms have gained popularity. For instance, intelligent control algorithms are being integrated into battery management systems to optimize control strategies for SOC balancing. However, these methods may encounter issues such as high algorithmic complexity and stringent hardware requirements in practical applications. This paper proposes a fast state-of-charge (SOC) balance control strategy that incorporates a weighting factor within a modular battery energy storage system architecture. The modular distributed battery system consists of battery power modules (BPMs) connected in series, with each BPM comprising a battery cell and a bidirectional buck–boost DC-DC converter. By controlling the output voltage of each BPM, SOC balance can be achieved while ensuring stable regulation of the DC bus voltage without the need for external equalization circuits. Building on these BPMs, a sliding mode control strategy with adaptive acceleration coefficient weighting factors is designed to increase the output voltage difference of each BPM, thereby reducing the balancing time. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed control strategy effectively increases the output voltage difference among the BPMs, facilitating SOC balance in a short time.
Effects of Social and Economic Development on CO2 Emissions in the Countries of the Visegrad Group
Authors: Łącka Irena , Suproń Błażej , Śmietański Roman
Published: November 2024

The aim of this study is to assess the impact of socio-economic development, consumption of renewable energy, educational spending, and foreign direct investment on carbon dioxide emissions in the Visegrad countries (Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia) between 1991 and 2021. The study employed the Autoregressive-Distributed Lag Bound Testing model and Toda–Yamamoto causality tests to establish short- and long-term relationships for each of the dependent variables and countries, aiming to verify the hypotheses. For the Czech Republic and Slovakia, a bidirectional relationship was identified between carbon emissions and the Human Development Index (HDI). In Poland, bidirectional causality was indicated between renewable energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. Unidirectional causality was evident for the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia between the specified variables. Short-term findings indicate that an increase in renewable energy production may lead to higher carbon dioxide emissions in the Visegrad countries. In the long term, only Slovakia demonstrates a significant relationship between educational spending and reduced carbon emissions. Toda–Yamamoto tests reveal unidirectional causality between foreign direct investment and carbon dioxide emissions for the Czech Republic and Slovakia. Empirical findings suggest that policymakers should invest in socio-economic development and renewable energy to reduce CO2 emissions and achieve long-term sustainability in the Visegrad countries. Poland needs to shift its energy policy away from coal, and all countries should enhance education to effectively transmit environmental knowledge and values.
An Improved Decline Curve Analysis Method via Ensemble Learning for Shale Gas Reservoirs
Authors: Zhou Yu , Gu Zaixun , He Changyu , Yang Junwen , Xiong Jian
Published: November 2024

As a clean unconventional energy source, shale gas reservoirs are increasingly important globally. Accurate prediction methods for shale gas production capacity can bring significant economic benefits by reducing construction and operating costs. Decline curve analysis (DCA) is an efficient method that uses mathematical formulas to describe production trends with minimal reliance on geological or engineering parameters. However, traditional DCA models often fail to capture the complex production dynamics of shale gas wells, especially in complex environments. To overcome these limitations, this study proposes an Improved DCA method that integrates multiple base empirical DCA models through ensemble learning. By combining the strengths of individual models, it offers a more robust and accurate prediction framework. We evaluated this method using data from 22 shale gas wells in region L, China, comparing it to six traditional DCA models, including Arps and the Logistic Growth Model (LGM). The results show that the Improved DCA model achieved superior performance—with an mean absolute error (MAE) of 0.0660, an mean squared error (MSE) of 0.0272, and an R2 value of 0.9882—and exhibited greater stability across various samples and conditions. This method provides a reliable tool for long-term production forecasting and optimization without extensive geological or engineering information.
Assessing the Economic Impact of Forest Management in the Brazilian Amazon Through Real Options Analysis
Authors: Rocha Qüinny Soares , da Silva Richardson Barbosa Gomes , Munis Rafaele Almeida , Simões Danilo
Published: November 2024

Reduced-impact logging is a key aspect of sustainable forest management in the Brazilian Amazon. Real Options Analysis (ROA) improves the evaluation of certified projects, increases their value, and supports investor confidence. This study evaluates the economic viability of a forest management investment project in certified areas of the Brazilian Amazon, using ROA to incorporate uncertainty and managerial flexibility into the decision-making process. The analysis focused on an Ombrophilous Dense Forest in its first cutting cycle, with 30 species of diameter at breast height ≥ 50 cm and a projected activity period of 30 years. Timber value was modeled using the mean reversion motion, and a binomial decision model was applied, incorporating options such as deferral, abandonment, and interruption. The deferral option should be exercised with a 100% probability, both in the joint calculation scenario and in separate analyses, highlighting the significant value of this managerial flexibility. In addition, when analyzed using ROA, the value of the project increased by 105% (USD 91,784,176) compared to the traditional net present value approach. The forest management investment project in the Brazilian Amazon is economically viable and the application of ROA reveals significant value added, demonstrating the importance of incorporating flexibility into investment decisions.
Impact of the Sloping Land Conversion Program on Rural Household Income in China
Authors: Li Lingchao , Lu Yue , Liu Can , Liu Hao
Published: November 2024

As the largest Payment for Environmental Services (PESs) program in China, the Sloping Land Conversion Program (SLCP) has exerted a profound impact on both the ecosystems and rural households’ livelihoods. However, the direct impact and indirect impact mechanism of the SLCP on income remain poorly understood. To bridge this research gap, a unique dataset was used in this study, comprising more than 1200 sampled rural households from 1995 to 2016. An estimation was conducted regarding the direct impact of the SLCP and its subsidy changes in different implementation stages on rural household income, as well as the indirect impact mechanism of the SLCP on income. Our results provided twofold findings. First, participation in the first round of the SLCP increased rural household’s income by 4.63% compared with non-participation. However, in the transition period, the SLCP had no significant effect on the total income of rural households. In the subsidy extension and subsidy expiration stages, participation in the SLCP increased rural household total income by 12.53% and 11.77%, respectively. Second, the variables, including farmland area, forestland area, land-based production expenditure, land-based labor input, and off-farm labor input, had significant mediation effects on the impact of the SLCP on rural household income. To improve the implementation of the SLCP, policymakers could pay attention to more integrative approaches, such as forestland transfer, reduction in forestland fragmentation, and promotion of off-farm job opportunities.
Spatial Heterogeneity Affects the Spatial Distribution Patterns of Caragana tibetica Scrubs
Authors: Liu Yue , Dong Lei , Wang Jian , Li Jinrong , Yi Liqing , Li Huimin , Chai Shaoqi , Han Zhaoen
Published: November 2024

Caragana tibetica is a common species in the shrub-encroached desert grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China. Studying its distribution and factors can improve our grasp of shrub-encroached grassland dynamics and aid in regional biodiversity conservation. This study examined eight C. tibetica communities using point pattern analysis to assess the spatial distribution pattern (SDP) and the influencing factors of C. tibetica scrubs. We also propose a new index, i.e., the degree of deviation index (DoDI), to quantify the SDP of scrubs. The results revealed the following: (1) The shrubland of C. tibetica in the study area showed aggregated distribution on the scale of 0–30 m. On the scale of 30–50 m, the degree of aggregation gradually weakened and random distribution appeared. (2) There was not a significant correlation between SDP and environmental factors; however, DoDI showed that habitat heterogeneity had a certain impact on C. tibetica in the study area. Our research indicates that spatial heterogeneity contributes to the SDP of shrub plants in the shrub-encroached grasslands of the Inner Mongolia Plateau, and the use of DoDI enhances the ability to quantify and isolate the role of spatial heterogeneity. This study helps to deepen the understanding of the mechanisms of shrub encroachment formation in grasslands.
Optimal Utilization of Biochar, Polyacrylamide, and Straw Fiber for Subgrade Stabilization of Forest Roads
Authors: Chen Shufeng , Li Zifeng , Liu Boli , Wang Jiaxin , Zhang Haishan , Zhang Haoyu , Yuan Kekuo , Liu Kaide
Published: November 2024

Subgrade stabilization is crucial for forest road construction, especially in Northeast China and the Russian Far East, with great economic growth potential. This study explored a novel and green solution of integrating biochar (BC), polyacrylamide (PAM), and straw fiber (SF) in the form of a ternary composite for stabilizing forest subgrade soil in cold regions. Using central composite design-based response surface methodology, the optimal mix ratio design was obtained, and the composite stabilizer was designated as BPS. Afterward, the stabilizing performance of BPS was studied by conducting an unconfined compression strength (UCS) test. The results showed that the optimum composition of BC:PAM:SF stood at 81:9:10. The UCS and deformation modulus with 3% BPS at 28 days reached 565.42 kPa and 17.24 MPa, respectively, which were 3.36 and 6.05 times higher than those of the untreated samples. The BPS-treated soil also possessed better resistance to freeze–thaw cycles. The freezing–thawing-induced loss ratio of strength was 49.3% lower than that of natural soil. Moreover, empirical models for the UCS of BPS-stabilized soil, as well as its relationships with the modulus, were established and validated by data in the literature. Finally, the “filling, cementing, and reinforcing” stabilization mechanism of BPS was elucidated by scanning electron microscopy analysis.
Co-Digestion of Dehydrated Sewage Sludge (DSS) and Organic Fraction of Municipal Solid Waste (OFMSW): Analysis of the Process and Economic Evaluations
Authors: Limonti Carlo , Le Pera Adolfo , Sellaro Miriam , Grande Giulia , Curcio Giulia Maria , Andreoli Tiziana , Aucancela Rivera Elvis Gribaldo , Siciliano Alessio
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of anaerobic digestion (AD) in the co-digestion of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) and municipal dehydrated sewage sludge (DSS). The experiments were conducted in batch and continuous mode under mesophilic conditions (T = 37 ± 2 °C). The results of batch tests indicated that the use of DSS in co-digestion with OFMSW led to a biomethane production of 422 NmLCH4/gVS with a production yield of 450 NmLCH4/gVSremoved. Nevertheless, the findings of the tests conducted with OFMSW alone demonstrated superior performance. A pilot plant reactor with a volume of approximately 2 m3 was employed in the continuous tests. The results corroborated the trends observed in the batch tests. In particular, the specific methane production yields decreased from 0.47 Nm3/kgVS when OFMSW was the sole substrate to 0.44 Nm3/kgVS when DSS was introduced, with a DSS/OFMSW ratio (RDO) of 0.1. Despite the reduction in methane production yield observed in both batch and continuous tests, a techno-economic assessment of the process indicated the potential profitability of DSS in co-digestion with OFMSW. Notably, the estimated profit from utilizing DSS in a percentage of 10% (RDO = 0.1) is 108 EUR/ton, compared to 102 EUR/ton when only OFMSW is employed.
A Deep Dive into the Trophic Ecology of Engraulis ringens: Assessing Diet Through Stomach Content and Stable Isotope Analysis
Authors: Cárcamo Carolina , Schultz Eric T. , Leiva Francisco , Saavedra Alvaro , Klarian Sebastian A.
Published: November 2024

Our study investigates the trophic ecology of the anchoveta (Engraulis ringens). The anchoveta plays a key role in the Greater Humboldt Ecosystem and is extensively exploited by countries from the south-eastern Pacific Ocean. For a comprehensive study of trophic ecology, we employed a combined approach that included stomach content analysis, stable isotope analysis, and scaled mass index of body condition. Our results showed that the multivariate composition of the diet varies significantly between life stage and fishing zones in Chile. Copepods and euphausiids emerged as the dominant prey found in the stomachs across all fisheries zones. Stable isotope analysis revealed significant differences among different zones. The scaled mass index values were higher in the northern zone compared to the southern zones, for both juveniles and adults. This research carries significant implications for fisheries management and conservation efforts, such as the development of targeted management strategies that address variations in the trophic structure of anchoveta across different life stages and fishing zones.
Assessment of Lipid Peroxidation Products in Adult Formulas: GC-MS Determination of Carbonyl and Volatile Compounds Under Different Storage Conditions
Authors: Custodio-Mendoza Jorge Antonio , Rangel Silva Alexandra , Kurek Marcin A. , Almeida Paulo Joaquim , Santos João Rodrigo , Rodrigues José António , Carro Antonia María
Published: November 2024

The occurrence of carbonyl compounds and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in adult formulas is a critical issue in product safety and quality. This research manuscript reports the determination of targeted and untargeted carbonyl compounds and VOCs in adult formulas stored at different temperatures (room temperature, 4 °C, and 60 °C) over one month. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was utilized for the sample analysis. Ultrasound-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction at 60 °C for 20 min facilitated the extraction of six carbonyl compounds, while headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) was employed for the determination of untargeted VOCs using a DVB/CAR/PDMS fiber, involving 15 min of equilibration and 45 min of extraction at 40 °C with magnetic stirring. Analytical features of the methods were assessed according to Food and Drug Administration guidelines, and good limits of detection and quantitation, linearity, accuracy, and precision were achieved. Notably, the highest levels of carbonyl compounds were found in high-protein formulas, with quantifiable levels of malondialdehyde, acrolein, and formaldehyde detected and quantified in 80% of samples. Additionally, significant levels of VOCs such as hexanal and 2-heptanone were found in samples stored at elevated temperatures. These findings suggest the importance of protein content and storage conditions in the levels of carbonyl compounds and VOCs found in adult formulas, with implications for consumer safety and quality control.
Comparison of the Physicochemical Properties, Microbial Communities, and Hydrocarbon Composition of Honeys Produced by Different Apis Species
Authors: Zhang Guozhi , Liu Yao , Luo Yaling , Zhang Cuiping , Li Shanshan , Zheng Huoqing , Jiang Xiasen , Hu Fuliang
Published: November 2024

The chemical composition and quality of honey are influenced by its botanical, geographic, and entomological origins, as well as climatic conditions. In this study, the physicochemical characteristics, microbial communities, and hydrocarbon compounds of honey produced by Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, Apis laboriosa, Apis dorsata, and Apis florea were elucidated. The physicochemical profile of the honey exhibited significant differences across species, including moisture content (18.27–23.66%), fructose (33.79–38.70%), maltose (1.10–1.93%), electrical conductivity (0.37–0.74 mS/cm), pH (3.36–3.72), diastase activity (4.50–29.97 diastase number), and color (37.90–102.47 mm). Microbial analysis revealed a significant abundance of lactic acid bacteria, particularly the Apilactobacillus genus in A. laboriosa honey and the Lactobacillus in A. florea honey, indicating significant probiotic potential. Chemometric methods, principal component analysis, hierarchical cluster analysis, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to classify the honey samples based on the 12 beeswax-derived hydrocarbons. The OPLS-DA model demonstrated 100% accuracy in predicting the entomological origin of honey, indicating that specific hydrocarbons are reliable markers for honey classification.
Evaluation of Pencycuron Residue Dynamics in Eggplant Using LC-MS/MS and Establishment of Pre-Harvest Residue Limits
Authors: Lee Da-Geon , Baek Jae-Woon , Eun Hye-Ran , Lee Ye-Jin , Kim Su-Min , Min Tae-Gyu , Cho Yong-Won , Lee Yoon-Hee , Shin Yongho
Published: November 2024

Pencycuron is a fungicide whose maximum residue limit (MRL) in eggplant is either set at very low levels (0.02 mg/kg in European Union) or remains unestablished in many countries, necessitating stringent pesticide management. To enable timely interventions by farmers and regulators, pre-harvest residue limits (PHRLs) propose maximum allowable pesticide concentrations for each day during the pre-harvest period. An analytical method was developed to conduct residue determination trials, demonstrating that graphitized carbon black (GCB) effectively removes eggplant matrices during sample preparation. The LC-MS/MS method was established with a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.005 mg/kg, recovery rates ranging from 102.6% to 106.1% with relative standard deviation (RSD; 2.3–6.4%), and a matrix effect (%ME) of +8.1%. Residue analysis revealed a concentration of 0.045 mg/kg at 0 days after treatment (DAT), decreasing to 0.006 mg/kg at 14 DAT. The residue dynamics followed a first-order kinetic model, as confirmed by the F-test, with a rate constant of 0.1405. Therefore, the half-life was determined to be 4.9 d. Based on the MRL value of 0.02 mg/kg at 0 days before harvest (DBH), the PHRL was determined using both k and kmin, resulting in values of 0.04 mg/kg and 0.02 mg/kg at 5 days and 0.08 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg at 10 DBH, respectively. Using kmin yields more conservative results, which ensures food safety under conditions of slower degradation rates.
Agri-Food and Food Waste Lignocellulosic Materials for Lipase Immobilization as a Sustainable Source of Enzyme Support—A Comparative Study
Authors: Zieniuk Bartłomiej , Małajowicz Jolanta , Jasińska Karina , Wierzchowska Katarzyna , Uğur Şuheda , Fabiszewska Agata
Published: November 2024

Enzyme immobilization is a crucial method in biotechnology and organic chemistry that significantly improves the stability, reusability, and overall effectiveness of enzymes across various applications. Lipases are one of the most frequently applied enzymes in food. The current study investigated the potential of utilizing selected agri-food and waste materials—buckwheat husks, pea hulls, loofah sponges, and yerba mate waste—as carriers for the immobilization of Sustine® 121 lipase and Yarrowia lipolytica yeast biomass as whole-cell biocatalyst and lipase sources. Various lignocellulosic materials were pretreated through extraction processes, including Soxhlet extraction with hexane and ethanol, as well as alkaline and acid treatments for loofah sponges. The immobilization process involved adsorbing lipases or yeast cells onto the carriers and then evaluating their hydrolytic and synthetic activities. Preparations’ activities evaluation revealed that alkaline-pretreated loofah sponge yielded the highest hydrolytic activity (0.022 U/mg), while yerba mate leaves under brewing conditions demonstrated superior synthetic activity (0.51 U/mg). The findings underscore the potential of lignocellulosic materials from the agri-food industry as effective supports for enzyme immobilization, emphasizing the importance of material selection and pretreatment methods in optimizing enzymatic performance through giving an example of circular economy application in food processing and waste management.
Quantitative Classification and Prediction of Starkrimson Pear Maturity by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Lu Ruitao , Qiu Linqian , Dong Shijia , Xue Qiyang , Lu Zhaohui , Zhai Rui , Wang Zhigang , Yang Chengquan , Xu Lingfei
Published: November 2024

Scientific evaluation of pear maturity is important for commercial reasons. Near-infrared spectroscopy is a non-destructive method that could be used for rapid assessment of pear maturity. The aim of this study was to develop a reasonable and effective method for the assessment of Starkrimson pear maturity using near-infrared technology. Partial least squares regression and five classification methods were used for analysis of the data. Among the indices used with the competitive adaptive reweighting–partial least squares regression method for quantitation, the visual ripeness index had the best modeling effect (Rp2: 0.87; root mean square error of prediction: 0.39). The classification model constructed with the visual ripeness index and post-ripeness score gave a cross-validation neural network model with the best classification effect and the highest accuracy (classification accuracy: 88.7%). The results showed that combination of quality indices with near-infrared spectroscopy was effective for rapidly evaluating the maturity of Starkrimson pears.
Effect of Modification by β-Amylase and α-Glucosidase on the Structural and Physicochemical Properties of Maize Starch
Authors: Jia Xinge , Xu Jingwen , Cui Yan , Ben Dazhi , Wu Chuyu , Zhang Jing , Sun Mingru , Liu Shuo , Zhu Tianhao , Liu Jingsheng , Lin Ke , Zheng Mingzhu
Published: November 2024

Single enzymatic modifications are limited to starch. Complex modification with synergistic amylases will improve starch properties more significantly. In this study, maize starch was compound modified by β-amylase and α-glucosidase. The structure and physicochemical properties of the corn starch were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR), proton nuclear magnetic resonance hydrogen spectroscopy (1HNMR), high-performance anion-exchange chromatography (HPAEC–PAD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Rapid Visco analyzer (RVA) to determine the changes in the structure and physicochemical properties of maize starch before and after the dual enzyme modification. The branching degree (4.95–7.10%) of maize starch was increased after bi-enzymatic modification, the amylose content (28.77–18.60%) was decreased, and the amylopectin content (70.79–81.71%) was elevated. The relative crystallinity (20.41–30.20%) and short-range ordered structure of the starch increased, and the dual enzyme modification led to a more compact structure. Dual enzyme-modified maize starch showed a decrease in long chains, an increase in short chains, and its degree of branching was elevated. Dual enzyme modification also affected the thermal stability, pasting, light transmittance (1.40–2.16%), solubility (20.15–13.76%), and swelling (33.97–45.79%) of maize starch. It can be concluded that the complex modification of maize starch by β-amylase and α-glucosidase significantly changed the amylose/amylopectin ratio of the starch and made its structure denser. These results can provide a theoretical basis for the enzymatic preparation of maize starch with different amylose/amylopectin ratios and the development and utilization of functional starches.
Diet Quality and Past Changes in Food Consumption as Determinants of Intentions to Eat Less Meat and More Plant-Based Foods
Authors: Jeżewska-Zychowicz Marzena , Sajdakowska Marta , Gębski Jerzy , Kosicka-Gębska Małgorzata , Gutkowska Krystyna
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to examine the relationship between self-reported changes in food consumption over the past 2 years, quality of actual diet, and declared intentions to eat more plant-based foods while reducing meat consumption in the next year. A cross-sectional study using Computer-Assisted Web Interview (CAWI) was conducted on 1003 Polish adults in 2023. The Beliefs and Eating Habits Questionnaire (KomPAN) was used to assess the frequency of consuming various food groups and to calculate diet quality indices. Four distinct segments (“No change”, “All products limited”, “Changes in meat”, and “Less red meat, more other products”) were identified using cluster analysis. Logistic regression analysis verified the associations between these clusters, diet quality indices, and intended changes in plant-based food and meat consumption. The study results showed that most pre-existing changes involved reduced red meat intake (52%). The “No change” cluster (47.9%) was represented by more men, people with lower education, and those with a lower overall dietary quality index (DQI). A higher quality diet (as indicated by the DQI) was associated with a greater tendency to increase plant food consumption and reduce meat consumption across the entire group and within each cluster. A better understanding of how changes in food consumption relate to diet quality and intended changes in plant-based food and meat consumption can inform interventions promoting sustainable consumption, considering both nutritional recommendations and environmental requirements.
Analysis of Volatile Compounds’ Changes in Rice Grain at Different Ripening Stages via HS-SPME-GC–MS
Authors: Zhang Liting , Pan Zhaoyang , Lu Zhanhua , Wang Shiguang , Liu Wei , Wang Xiaofei , Wu Haoxiang , Chen Hao , Chen Tengkui , Hu Juan , He Xiuying
Published: November 2024

Aroma is a crucial determinant of rice taste quality, with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) playing a key role in defining this characteristic. However, limited research has explored the dynamic changes in these aromatic substances during the ripening stages of rice grains. In this study, we analyzed VOCs in rice grains across four ripening stages post-flowering using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). A total of 417 VOCs were identified, among which 65 were determined to be key aroma-active compounds based on relative odor activity value (rOAV) analysis. Most of these aroma-active compounds exhibited an accumulation pattern as the grains matured. Notably, 5-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone and 2-Methyloxolan-3-one had the largest rOAV values. Additionally, (Z)-6-nonenal, (Z,Z)-3,6-nonadienal, 2-thiophenemethanethiol, 5-methyl-2-furanmethanethiol, 2,2,6-trimethyl-cyclohexanone, and 3-octen-2-one were identified as potential key markers for distinguishing rice-grain maturity stages. Moreover, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (2-AP), heptanal, and 1-nonanol were identified as marker metabolites differentiating aromatic from non-aromatic brown rice. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the dynamic variation and retention of aroma compounds during rice-grain ripening, and they offer valuable insights into the improvement of fragrant rice varieties.
Understanding Consumers’ Purchase Intention Towards Meat Produced Without Preventive Antibiotic Use
Authors: Zhou Yingnan , Zhang Airong , van Klinken Rieks Dekker , Wang Junxiu
Published: November 2024

Antibiotics are widely used to prevent healthy animals from getting diseases in livestock industries. Such practice has greatly contributed to the increase in antibiotic-resistant pathogens in animals and in the environment, which poses severe health threats to humans. This study aims to investigate consumers’ purchase intention towards meat produced without preventive antibiotic use, and to identify key factors influencing this purchase intention. An online survey of 1123 participants was conducted in China. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation, and regression analysis were conducted. The results suggested that consumers had a negative attitude towards preventive antibiotic use in food animals and a strong purchase intention towards meat produced without it. The key drivers of this purchase intention included health consciousness, trust in responsible antibiotic use in farming, objective knowledge about antibiotics used in food animals, subjective knowledge about preventive antibiotic use, concerns over antibiotic residues, and attitude towards preventive antibiotic use. These findings can provide deep insights for policymakers and livestock industries who seek to promote responsible antibiotic use and develop effective communication strategies with consumers.
Food Authentication Goes Green: Method Optimization for Origin Discrimination of Apples Using Apple Juice and ICP-MS
Authors: Müller Marie-Sophie , Oest Marie , Scheffler Sandra , Horns Anna Lena , Paasch Nele , Bachmann René , Fischer Markus
Published: November 2024

Apples are among the most important fruits worldwide and the most consumed fruit in Germany. Due to higher energy and personnel costs, domestic apples are more expensive and thus offer an incentive for mixing with foreign goods. Moreover, imported apples have a higher carbon footprint, which is an obstacle regarding sales in times of climate change. Not only the transport of the goods but also the analysis influences the carbon footprint. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a powerful tool for origin discrimination. In this study, 85 apple juice samples were analyzed, whereby sample preparation for ICP-MS was optimized by eliminating the freeze-drying step and thereby reducing CO2 emissions. The CO2 emission was lowered by around 97%. The optimized method was applied to 272 apple juice samples from seven countries to create models for origin determination. The differentiation of European and non-European apples provided an accuracy of 90.9% ± 2.4%. German samples can be differentiated from other countries with an accuracy of 83.2% ± 1.4%. The regional differentiation of German samples (north vs. south) achieved an accuracy of 92.3% ± 5.4%. The results show that the optimized ICP-MS method, in which freeze-drying is not required is well suited for determining the origin of apples from apple juice.
Impact of Cooking on Tuber Color, Texture, and Metabolites in Different Potato Varieties
Authors: Hu Jun , Hu Jinxue , Duan Shaoguang , Zeng Fankui , Zhang Shuqing , Li Guangcun
Published: November 2024

Potatoes are a globally important crop with high nutritional value. Different potato varieties display notable variations in color, texture, and nutrient composition. However, the influence of cooking on tuber color, texture, and metabolites has not been comprehensively explored. This study evaluated the color and texture of five potato varieties before and after cooking. Cooking significantly altered tuber color, decreased hardness and adhesiveness, and increased springiness, particularly after steaming. The metabolomic analysis of Zhongshu 49 (ZS49) and Shishu 3 (SH3) tubers was conducted using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS/MS. GC-MS identified 122 volatile metabolites, with 42 significantly varying between cooking treatments, while UHPLC-MS/MS detected 755 nonvolatile metabolites, 445 of which showed significant differences. Compared to ZS49, SH3 exhibited a marked increase in umami- and flavor-related metabolites, especially after cooking. This study provides new insights into how cooking affects the quality, texture, and metabolite profiles of potato tubers.
Fejér-Type Fractional Integral Inequalities Involving Mittag-Leffler Function
Authors: Andrić Maja
Published: November 2024

Several integral inequalities of the Fejér type are derived, incorporating the generalized Mittag-Leffler function alongside the associated fractional integral operator. Consequently, generalizations of known results are achieved.
Preparation and Characterization of Poly(acrylic acid-co-vinyl imidazole) Hydrogel-Supported Palladium Catalyst for Tsuji–Trost and Suzuki Reactions in Aqueous Media
Authors: Song Huijun , Sawut Amatjan , Simayi Rena , Sun Yuqi
Published: November 2024

In this study, a novel polyacrylate-co-vinyl imidazole hydrogel-supported palladium (Pd) catalyst (P(AA-co-VI)@Pd) was prepared through heat-initiated polymerization, starting with the formation of a complex between vinyl imidazole and palladium chloride, followed by the addition of 75% neutralized acrylic acid (AA), crosslinking agent, and initiator. The structure and morphology of the catalyst were characterized using ICP-OES, SEM, EDX, Mapping, FT-IR, TGA, XRD, XPS and TEM techniques. It was confirmed that the catalyst exhibited excellent compatibility with water solvent and uniform distribution of Pd. The P(AA-co-VI)@Pd hydrogel catalyst demonstrated remarkable catalytic activity and ease of separation. Notably, in a Tsuji–Trost reaction, employing water as the solvent, it achieved a conversion rate as high as 94% at very low catalyst dosages, indicating its superior catalytic performance. Moreover, after six consecutive cycles, the catalyst maintained good activity and structural stability, highlighting its exceptional reusability and environmental friendliness. Furthermore, the outstanding efficiency of the catalyst was also observed in a Suzuki coupling reaction where both conversion rate and yield reached 100% and 99%, respectively, within just one hour reaction time, thus further validating its universality and efficacy across various chemical reactions.
Development of Soft Wrinkled Micropatterns on the Surface of 3D-Printed Hydrogel-Based Scaffolds via High-Resolution Digital Light Processing
Authors: Sarabia-Vallejos Mauricio A. , Romero De la Fuente Scarleth , Cohn-Inostroza Nicolás A. , Terraza Claudio A. , Rodríguez-Hernández Juan , González-Henríquez Carmen M.
Published: November 2024

The preparation of sophisticated hierarchically structured and cytocompatible hydrogel scaffolds is presented. For this purpose, a photosensitive resin was developed, printability was evaluated, and the optimal conditions for 3D printing were investigated. The design and fabrication by additive manufacturing of tailor-made porous scaffolds were combined with the formation of surface wrinkled micropatterns. This enabled the combination of micrometer-sized channels (100–200 microns) with microstructured wrinkled surfaces (1–3 μm wavelength). The internal pore structure was found to play a critical role in the mechanical properties. More precisely, the TPMS structure with a zero local curvature appears to be an excellent candidate for maintaining its mechanical resistance to compression stress, thus retaining its structural integrity upon large uniaxial deformations up to 70%. Finally, the washing conditions selected enabled us to produce noncytotoxic materials, as evidenced by experiments using AlamarBlue to follow the metabolic activity of the cells.
In Vitro Characterization of Human Cell Sources in Collagen Type I Gel Scaffold for Meniscus Tissue Engineering
Authors: Canciani Barbara , Rossi Nicolò , Arrigoni Elena , Giorgino Riccardo , Sergio Mirko , Aidos Lucia , Di Giancamillo Mauro , Herrera Millar Valentina Rafaela , Peretti Giuseppe M. , Di Giancamillo Alessia , Mangiavini Laura
Published: November 2024

Strategies to repair the meniscus have achieved limited success; thus, a cell-based therapy combined with an appropriate biocompatible scaffold could be an interesting alternative to overcome this issue. The aim of this project is to analyze different cell populations and a collagen gel scaffold as a potential source for meniscus tissue engineering applications. Dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) isolated from adipose tissue (ASCs) or bone marrow (BMSCs) were analyzed. Two different fibro-chondrogenic media, M1 and M2, were tested, and qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed. Significant increases in glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) production and in fibro-cartilaginous marker expression were observed in MSCs in the presence of M1 medium. In addition, both ASCs and BMSCs cultured in M1 medium were used in association with the collagen hydrogel (MSCs-SCF) for the development of an in vitro meniscal-like tissue. Significant up-regulation in GAGs production and in the expression of aggrecan, collagen type I, and collagen type II was observed in BMSCs-SCF. This study improves knowledge of the potential of combining undifferentiated MSCs with a collagen gel as a new tissue engineering strategy for meniscus repair.
Predicting Smoking Cessation Stages: An Insight from the Transtheoretical Model Using a Cross-Sectional Approach Among Adults in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Sayed Samiha Hamdi , Gushgari Olfat Abdulgafoor , Elgzar Wafaa Taha Ibrahim
Published: November 2024

Background: Smoking is a detrimental health behavior that can be addressed by designing stage-matched interventions with evidence-based behavioral change models such as the transtheoretical model (TTM). This study applied the TTM to predict smoking cessation stages among adults in Saudi Arabia. Methods: This social media-based cross-sectional study in Saudi Arabia used a convenient sample of 491 adult smokers (men and women). A digital questionnaire containing basic and smoking-related data and smoking scales (stages of change, cessation readiness, decisional balance, and self-efficacy) was used for data collection. The data were collected from 1 July to 30 October 2023 and were investigated using an ordinal regression analysis. The results illustrate that among the studied smokers, cigarette smoking was the prevalent method of smoking, especially among men (71.7%) compared to women (27.8%). Regarding stages of smoking, the pre-contemplation (35.8%) and contemplation (30.1%) stages were the highest, where men were more represented in both stages (37.9% and 40.8%, respectively). In comparison, women represented a higher percentage in the action (23.9%) and maintenance (21.1%) stages. The ordinal regression showed that increasing age (adjusted odds ratio; AOR = 1.045, p = 0.044), high quitting readiness (AOR = 1.134, p < 0.001), self-efficacy (AOR = 1.965, p = 0.028), decisional balance (AOR = 1.870, p < 0.001), and absence of psychological problems (AOR = 2.047, p < 0.001) increased the likelihood of being at higher smoking cessation stages. However, increased smoking duration (AOR = 0.756, p = 0.010), male gender (AOR = 0.340, p < 0.001), not working (AOR = 0.364, p = 0.013), adequate income (AOR = 0.535, p = 0.032), no chronic diseases (AOR = 0.430, p < 0.001), regular smoking (AOR = 0.052, p < 0.001), high smoking dependency (AOR = 0.775, p = 0.038), and hookah smoking (AOR = 0.032, p < 0.001) decreased the likelihood of being at higher smoking cessation stages. Conclusions: Cigarette smoking is a prevalent problem among Saudi adults, especially men, with the highest percentage of these being at lower smoking cessation stages. Thus, this study recommends the development of stage-matched interventions to facilitate the move towards higher smoking cessation stages through efforts by, and collaboration between, community sectors to face this rising issue.
Genome-Wide Identification of the Heat Shock Transcription Factor Gene Family in Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus)
Authors: Cui Weitong , Xu Zongle , Kong Yuhua , Yang Lin , Dou Hao , Zhang Dangquan , Li Mingwan , Chen Yuanyuan , Ding Shen , Yang Chaochen , Lai Yong
Published: November 2024

Rosemary (Salvia rosmarinus) is a world-famous plant frequently subjected to various environmental stresses. Heat Shock Transcription Factor (HSF) has been shown to be essential for plant growth and for resistance to environmental stresses. This study utilized bioinformatics techniques to identify the SrHSF gene family in the rosemary genome. A total of 49 SrHSFs were detected, unevenly distributed across 12 chromosomes. The SrHSF genes were classifiable into 3 subfamilies and contained in 14 subgroups. They were relatively conserved during the evolutionary process based on gene structure and conserved motif analysis. There were 22 kinds of cis-acting elements in the promoter regions of SrHSF genes, mostly related to hormones, stress, growth, and development. The interactions among 16 highly conserved SrHSF proteins were also identified. Gene collinearity analysis showed that 51 segmental duplication events were undergone among 41 SrHSF genes. Ka/Ks ratios were all less than 1, suggesting a purifying selection of SrHSF homologous genes. The expression pattern of SrHSF genes revealed that the majority of them are highly expressed in the secondary stems. After 0.1% MeJA treatment, SrHSF36 and SrHSF11 showed a significant upregulation in leaves. This research provides valuable insights into the functions and regulatory mechanisms of the SrHSF gene family.