bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Synthesis of Cr/SiO2 Catalyst from a Mixture of Palm Waste Ash - Charcoal and Its Application for the Catalytic Cracking of CPO into Gasoline
Authors: Prihatin Edi , Nazarudin Nazarudin
Published: June 2024

Due to the increasing reduction in non-renewable natural resources such as petroleum and the increasing amount of ash and charcoal waste from palm oil mills that has not been utilized, the author synthesizes the silica content from a mixture of ash and charcoal from palm oil waste to be used as a Cr/SiO2 catalyst which will be used for cracking. catalytic from CPO (Crude Palm Oil) to gasoline.Â  This research aims to determine whether a mixture of waste ash and charcoal from the PTP VI Sungai Bahar factory waste can be used as a silica source to produce Cr/SiO2 catalysts and to determine its activity in the catalytic cracking of CPO into gasoline.Â  The cracking process was carried out in a fixed bed reactor which consists of a horizontal reactor and a vertical reactor and equipped with an electric heater and temperature controller. Catalytic cracking was carried out with several ratios of catalyst : CPO, namely 1:20, 1:25, and 1:30.Â  Similar cracking process without catalyst (the thermal cracking) was also carried out as a comparison.Â  The conversion of CHP into gasoline using ratios 1:20, 1:25, 1:30 were 13.67%, 10.78%, 11.59% respectively. Meanwhile, the gasoline conversion produced by thermal cracking was only 9.46%, 9.95%, 6.86%. These results show that catalytic cracking produced more gasoline than thermal Â cracking.
The Effect of Acetic Acid Concentration on the Physicochemical Properties of Shrimp Shell Powder (Fenneropenaeus Merguiensis de Man)
Authors: Saputra David Deni , Mursyid Mursyid
Published: June 2024

Sea waters in Indonesia are rich with various types of invertebrates, one of which is shrimp. Jerbung shrimp is one type of shrimp that is abundant in the market in the city of Jambi, shrimp can be processed into several processed products such as frozen shrimp, dried shrimp, canned shrimp, and others. In Indonesia, shrimp undergo a cold storage process where the head, tail, and skin are disposed of as waste. shrimp shell contains 42.23% protein; crude fiber 19.87%; fat 2.89%; calcium 13.23%; phosphorus 2.08%; and 9.56% chitin content; so that the shrimp shell has the potential to be processed into shrimp shell flour which can be further utilized as a biomaterial for the manufacture of bioplastics and biocoagulants. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of acetic acid concentration on the physical and chemical properties of shrimp shell powder and to determine the concentration of acetic acid that produced the best physical and chemical properties. This study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD), including 5 concentrations of acetic acid (1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) with 4 replications to obtain 20 experimental units. Test parameters include water content, protein content. Fat content, ash content, viscosity and color. The best treatment was shrimp shell powder soaked using 5% acetic acid solution concentration with 6.09% water content, 49.15% protein content, 0.75% fat content, 9.82% ash content, Â viscosity 69.50 Pa.s and color (L*72.75 a*0.75 b*22.50). Â The concentration of acetic acid had no significant effect on water content and color of the shrimp powder but it had a significant effect on protein, fat, and ash content as well as viscosity.
The Effect of Light Emitting Diode (LED) White and Blue Spectrum on The Characteristics of Lettuce Grown in The Deep Flow Hydroponic
Authors: Sihotang Yosua P , Indriyani Indriyani , Fortuna Dewi
Published: June 2024

Lettuce, which is also known by the scientific name Lactuca sativa L, is a promising horticultural crop and has high economic value. This plant is rich in minerals, vitamins, antioxidants, potassium, iron, folate, carotene, vitamin C and vitamin E. In growing lettuce hydroponically, the Deep Flow Technique (DFT) method has proven to be effective. This research used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) to test the effect of giving white and blue LED spectrum to lettuce plants. There were four treatments tested: P1 (no LED), P2 (1:3 white and blue LED), P3 (1:1 white and blue LED), and P4 (3:1 white and blue LED). Each treatment was repeated five times, with two sample plants in each repetition, so that there were a total of 40 sample plants. The parameters involve plant height, number of leaves, root length, root weight, leaf color, antioxidant content, consumption weight, leaf width, stem diameter, and electricity consumption during harvest. Measurements were carried out every week for five weeks. The results showed that LED lights had a significant effect on the number of leaves, stem diameter, root weight and consumption weight, but did not have a significant effect on plant height, leaf width, root length, antioxidant content and leaf color. Based on this research, it can be concluded that treatment 4 (white and blue LED 3:1) gave the best results, with the number of leaves reaching 27.4 pieces, root length 18.95 cm, root weight 23.2 g, consumption weight 109 g, stem diameter 8.2 mm, and antioxidant content of 42.39% inhibition. Keywords: Sungkai leaves, herbal tea, brewing temperature, brewing time.

 Keywords:Deep Flow Technique, Hidroponik, Light Emitting Diode, Selada
Identification of Coal Distribution Pattern Using Well Logging Method Based on Gamma Ray Log Data and Log Density in Area X PT PMC Site Sungai Lilin
Authors: Kesumah Puja Prana , Amin Sarwo Sucitra , Wiratama Jarot , Adhitya Bagus
Published: June 2024

Physiographically, the research area is included in the South Sumatra Basin, precisely in the Muara Enim Formation, a coal-bearing formation. In this study, secondary data is used in the form of LAS file data from recording well logging data as many as 7 wells which are then processed using WellCAD 5.5 software to obtain log sheet results, namely gamma ray logs and density logs which are then interpreted for subsurface lithology by reading the log curve deflection, from the results of reading the log curve, the lithology in the research area is obtained in the form of claystone, siltstone, carbonaceous claystone, and coal. Coal is characterized by low gamma ray log response (<10 CPS) and high density log response (>900 CPS). To determine the distribution of coal seams in the study area, structural correlation and stratigraphic correlation of coal seams on strike (northwest - southeast) and cross strike (southwest - northeast) were found to be 1 coal seam, namely seam A. Seam A experienced splitting into seam A1 and seam A2 due to structural influence. From the correlation results, it is found that the coal slope is towards the southwest - northeast by experiencing thickening and thinning layers.
Effect Of Hydrothermal Temperature On The Synthesis Of Palm Oil Shell-Based Zeolite
Authors: Muis Lince , Alfernando Oki
Published: June 2024

Palm oil shells are one of the solid waste in palm oil processing plants, currently the use of palm oil shells is only used as activated charcoal. Though the mineral content potential contained in palm oil shell is very large, one of them is silica (SiO2) of 71.1% with a large amount of this can be used as a source of silica.

The source of silica shell of palm oil in this research is used as the basic material of zeolite manufacture. Zeolite is a hydrated aluminasilicate compound which has many benefits such as catalyst, adsorbent, and ion exchanger. Zeolite fabrication method is a common and widely used hydrothermal method, because this process does not require a high temperature with a relatively short time. Palm oil shells are used to remove carbon in them and the ash is characterised using XRF. Palm oil ash was crushed together with NaOH they were melted at 500Â°C or 1 hour, and added with distilled water and soaked 24 hours, produced Sodium Silicate and characterised using FTIR. For Alumina, NaOH was reacted with Al(OH)3 to produce Sodium Aluminate and characterised using FTIR. Zeolite preparation was carried out by mixing the sodium silicate and sodium aluminate reactants and the zeolite crystallisation process was carried out using a hydrothermal reactor heated in an oven by varying the hydroternal temperature at 120ËšC, 150ËšC and 180ËšC for 8 hours. Synthesized zeolite was characterised using XRF, XRD and SEM. FTIR analysis Sodium Silicate has been formed at wave number 981.19 cm-1 symmetric vibration Si-O (Na) strectching, and Sodium Aluminate has been formed at wave number 719.87 cm-1 with symmetric vibration Al-O (Na) stretching. The result of XRD characterisation at 120Â°C produces mixed zeolite of type 4A, Sodalit and Faujasit. At the temperatures of 150Â°C and 180Â°C formed Sodalite type zeolite. The best crystallinity was obtained at a hydrothermal temperature of 150Â°C and analysed using SEM, showing the small cubic crystal form bonding to each other to form an elongated geometry.
Analysis of Vocational School Student’s Mathematical Reasoning in Quadratic Equation
Authors: Ronny Renata Teddy , Putra Harry Dwi , Hendriana Heris
Published: June 2024

Essay test questions in mathematics learning at Vocational High Schools show that most students have difficulty answering questions about quadratic equations, this is the basis of the research. The reason this problem can occur is because students are not careful in interpreting questions so students cannot master inductive indicators. The purpose of this study is to find out more about students' mistakes when answering questions about mathematics through analysis and description of some of the students' mistakes in answering questions about quadratic equations, therefore this study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The research subjects were students of class XI Software Engineering at a Vocational High School in Kabupaten Bandung Barat with a total of 15 students. The stages in this research are planning, implementation, and reporting. Student test results as many as three questions are used to collect data. The analysis technique used is data reduction, by presenting the data then conclusions are drawn. The results and discussion of this study showed that students made mistakes in answering quadratic equation questions. The accuracy of students towards questions number 1 and number 3 is still low, so it is necessary to do regular exercises. Students' mathematical reasoning abilities need to be honed again. It can be seen from the results of the answers to question 2 that students have not been able to interpret the questions so that inductive indicators on students' mathematical reasoning abilities have not been fulfilled.
Junior High School Students’ Mathematical Problem Solving Ability on Two Variable Linear Equation System
Authors: Fauziyyah Herlina , Putra Harry Dwi , Anita Ika Wahyu
Published: June 2024

The purpose of this study was to find out how well class VIII students of SMP were able to solve math problems on SPLDV material. The approach used was descriptive-qualitative, where in this study students were asked to take a problem-solving ability test with a minimum score limit of 10 and a maximum of 30 points, and the test instrument consisted of four essay questions that had been prepared. Ready. tested for high validity, high reliability, high differentiability. good, and moderate difficulty. for the research data analysis process the researcher used excel 2019, by dividing the scores obtained by students with the maximum score then multiplied by 100%. The research was conducted on 14 class VIII students of junior high schools in Bandung Regency who took part in this research. The mathematical problem-solving abilities of class VIII students are identifying elements that are known, asked, and the suitability of the elements needed in the very low category, formulating mathematical problems or formulating mathematical models in the low category, applying everyday problem-solving strategies in the high category, and Explain or interpret the results according to the initial problem in the very high category.
The Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on Junior High School Students' Problem Solving Ability
Authors: Hanifa Shofia , Afrilianto Muhammad , Amelia Risma
Published: June 2024

Students have difficultly solving problem in question such as when solving word problrms, asking questions, making steps to solve, and solving problems given. Problem solving skills are a very important part of mathematics curriculum. So the researchers conducted a study that aimed to determine the effect of problem based learning models on problem solving abilities in class VII set material. The development model used is an experimental research type using a quantitative approach. The research data was obtained trough test instruments or scores from the problem solving instrument on set material. Data analysis of problem solving abilities was carried out using the t-test. The subjects of this study were 78 students. The sample was taken by simple random sampling, selected class VII D with a total 10 students as the experimental classs and 10 from class VII E as the control class. The results of this study indicate thet the problem based learning model has an effect on problem solving abilities. This can be seen based on the results of working on essay test question based on students problem solving abilities which get a tcount of 2.5776 while the ttable value is 2.0378. This means that the value of tcount is greater than t table, so in this case it means that H1 is accepted, meaning that there are differences in mathematical problem solving abilities between the experimental class and the control class. This shows that the problem based learning model has an influence on problem solving abilities.
Analysis of Senior High School Students' Problem Solving Ability on Three Variables Linear Equation System
Authors: Pratama M. Faizal , Fitriani Nelly , Nurfauziah Puji
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyze students' mathematical problem solving ability on the material of the Three Variable Linear Equation System (SPLTV) in terms of students' initial mathematical abilities. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method, the subjects of this research were 20 students of class X SMA Negeri 1 Cililin who had studied SPLTV material. The data collection technique in this study was to give a written test in the form of a description with a total of four problem solving indicator questions. Before starting the research, the questions were validated first. Based on the results of the study, the percentage of mathematical problem solving ability on the material of the system of linear equations of three variables is 52.23% which is classified in the moderate category. The indicator of understanding the problem is 71.67%, the indicator of planning problem solving is 51.25%, the indicator of solving the problem according to the plan is 48%, and the indicator of making a mathematical model of the problem, solving and re-examining the answer is 38%. The mathematical initial ability of upper group students obtained an average score of 83.3% classified in the high category, the middle group obtained an average score of 74.58% in the high category, and the lower group obtained an average score of 77% which fell into the high category. So it can be concluded that the initial mathematical ability of students is in the high category for mathematical problem solving ability.
The Development of Canva-Assisted Problem-Solving Approach Teaching Materials to Improve Students’ Mathematical Communication Ability on Vocational School based on Learning Independence
Authors: Amirudin Neng Hendriawati , Zanthy Luvy Sylviana
Published: June 2024

Mathematical communication ability and learning independence is one of the things that students must have and master in order to achieve competency in learning, especially in learning mathematics. This research has the aim of improving mathematical communication skills and learning independence of class X students of Al-IHSAN Batujajar Vocational School through the development of mathematics teaching materials on sequences and series material using a problem solving approach assisted by the Canva video application. The research method used is the research and development (RnD) Plomp model. The instruments used are teaching material validation tests, mathematical communication skills tests and non-learning independence tests. The validation instruments were given to ICT experts and material experts. As for the ability and independence tests given to class X students of SMK Al-IHSAN. From the results of the study it was found that the teaching materials developed showed very valid results based on the results of ICT expert and material expert assessment and based on the results of student assessments it was found that the teaching materials were very feasible to use and received very practical criteria. In addition, the application of the problem solving approach in learning can improve students' mathematical communication skills and also student learning independence in terms of the results of post-test data analysis.
Copper(II)-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Annulation of Enaminones with Maleimides by a Traceless Directing Group Strategy
Authors: Fu Leiqing , Huang Hongxiang , Jiang Yingying , Liu Xuan , Chen Huimin , Wan Jie-Ping
Published: June 2024

An efficient copper-catalyzed annulation of enaminones with maleimides
has been developed. This reaction provides a practical approach towards
the synthesis of various pyrrolo[3,4-e]isoindoles in moderate to
good yields. Notable features of the method include the use of a
2-aminopyridine group as a traceless directing group, wide scope of
substrates with good functional group compatibility and applicability to
gram scale.
Synthesis and Characterization of ZrO 2 reinforced Al-12%Si Composites by Disintegrated Melt Deposition based Novel Manufacturing Technique
Authors: M Nataraja , G Balakumar , N Santhosh , V Harish H
Published: June 2024

The development of Al 12% Si-ZrO composites using the
Disintegrated Melt Deposition (DMD) technique, as well as the
microstructure and mechanical characteristics of the resulting
materials, are the main objectives of this work. The Al-12%Si alloy,
which is well-known for its remarkable strength and resistance to
corrosion, has potential uses in the shipbuilding and aircraft
industries. Zirconia (ZrO ) is a ceramic substance that
can be used for a variety of applications due to its exceptional
corrosion resistance and high hardness values. ZrO
adds strength and hardness to composite materials while decreasing
percentage elongation and facilitating lubrication between the silicon
and aluminum elements in the matrix alloy. The specimens with different
weight percentages of ZrO were exposed to DMD. They
were identified as AS, AS0.5Z, AS1Z, AS1.5Z, AS2Z, AS2.5Z, and AS3Z. The
findings showed that the hardness values increased from 59.7 BHN for as
cast to 75.2 BHN for 2.5 wt. % ZrO , followed by a
minor reduction for 3 wt. % ZrO . This rise occurred
when the weight percentage of ZrO grew from 0 to 3%.
Accordingly, the percentage of elongation dropped from 12.3% to 8.5%,
and the ultimate tensile strength varied from 239.2 MPa to 281.9 MPa.
The ultimate compression strength varied from 313.7 MPa to 375.6 MPa,
while the impact energy absorbed increased from 3.6 J to 5.3 J. These
results open up new possibilities for the use of aluminum-12% Si-ZrO
metal matrix composites (MMC) in aerospace, marine,
and automotive components by offering insightful information about how
to create MMCs with improved characteristics.
LumEDA: Image Luminance Based Contactless Correlates of Electrodermal Responses
Authors: Bhamborae Mayur , Flotho Philipp , Schneider Elena , Francis Alexander , Strauss Daniel
Published: June 2024

This work builds upon the findings of a 2020 pilot study which for the
first time showed that correlates of electrodermal activity (EDA) could
be estimated using simple spatial filters on video data captured under
special lighting conditions. A total of 25 participants were recruited
for this study in which they were presented with visual and auditory
stimuli, video sequences and sensor-based EDA recorded from the left
hand. A contactless estimate of the EDA was calculated using only the
grayscale information from the video. Data from 18 participants was
analyzed and it was seen that the average responses from the
camera-based contactless estimate and the ground truth EDA were strongly
positively correlated for both visual (Pearson r = 0.84, p <
0.01) and auditory stimuli (Pearson r = 0.86, p < 0.01). Most
previous studies involve stronger stimuli such as breathing exercises,
Valsalva Maneuver or self-pinching. This study shows that camera-based
methods are also able to capture responses to relatively weaker stimuli.
However, large inter-subject variability was also observed across the
participants. A camera-based method not only allows for contactless
estimation of EDA, but also facilitates spatiotemporal analysis of the
distribution of electrodermal activity over a larger area of the body.
Estimation of the S-N curve from limiting energy for additively manufactured specimens from AlSi10Mg
Authors: Matušů Martin , Šimota Jan , Papuga Jan , Rosenthal Jakub , Beránek Libor , Costa Pedro R. da , Bumba Francisco , Reis Luis
Published: June 2024

This study explores the varying thermal response of additively
manufactured samples of AlSi10Mg subjected to cyclic loading. The
thermal response is driven primarily by the self-heating effect. The
paper explores the viability of employing thermographic methods to
establish an S-N curve for fatigue life prediction with fewer samples
than traditionally required from constant-amplitude tests. Specific
Self-Heating tests are conducted, gradually increasing the loading
amplitude while monitoring the specimen’s temperature. The validity of
evaluated solution is compared with the own experimental data including
the impact of four heat treatments on the samples from one AM batch,
leading to valuable insights and conclusions.
Lonely males at the front: A new open SCR model reveals the spatial sex-age structure of an expanding brown bear population
Authors: Perez Ana Sanz , Sazatornil Victor , Palazon Santiago , Vanpé Cécile , Quenette Pierre-Yves , Sentilles Jérôme , Kervellec Maelis , Milleret Cyril , López-Bao José V. , Jordana Ivan , Jato Ramon , Irurtia Miguel Elósegui , Torre Jordi Solà de la , Sollmann R.
Published: June 2024

Range expansion is a common feature from invasive to reintroduced or
recovering populations. This process is mainly driven by population
growth and dispersal and, consequently, different species’ intrinsic
characteristics and dispersal mechanisms will result in contrasting
population structures in space. How individuals of different sex and age
classes are spatially distributed is key to understand and forecast
range expansions, but remains largely unexplored. Here, we developed an
age-structured open population spatial capture recapture (OPSCR) model
to understand how spatial sex and age structures can shape population
dynamics, as well as recovery processes. We use the expanding and
endangered Pyrenean brown bear population as case study, taking
advantage of a comprehensive non-invasive monitoring dataset collected
between 2017 and 2021. The expansion front was dominated by adult
(>4 years) and subadult males (2-4 years), while females
and juveniles (<2 years) prevailed at the core. Overall,
density declined with distance to the population core (area where last
bears remained in the ‘90s and where translocated females established).
Bear expansion was affected by the locations of the remnant range (i.e.,
the core areas) and constrained by female philopatry. Future projections
suggest that increasing reproduction events at the periphery could speed
up future population spread, and that this population will continue
growing even under some level of demographic stochasticity. Our novel
OPSCR model opens new pathways to understand complex spatiotemporal
patterns of expanding populations and, in the case of large carnivores,
could inform conservation action, for example, anticipating the adoption
of damage prevention measures and raising awareness campaigns on how to
coexist with bears in future expansion areas.
Host preference explains the high endemism of ectomycorrhizal fungi in a dipterocarp rainforest
Authors: Sato Hirotoshi , Lain Ajuwin , Mizuno Takafumi , Yamashita Satoshi , Hassan Jamilah , Othman Khairunnisa , Itioka Takao
Published: June 2024

Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi are important tree symbionts within forests.
The biogeography of ECM fungi remains to be investigated because it is
challenging to observe and identify species. Because most ECM plant taxa
have a Holarctic distribution, it is difficult to evaluate the extent to
which host preference restricts the global distribution of ECM fungi. To
address this issue, we aimed to assess whether host preference enhances
the endemism of ECM fungi that inhabit dipterocarp rainforests. Highly
similar sequences of 175 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) for ECM
fungi that were obtained from Lambir Hill’s National Park, Sarawak,
Malaysia, were searched for in a nucleotide sequence database. Using a
two-step binomial model, the probability of presence for the query OTUs
and the registration rate of barcode sequences in each country were
simultaneously estimated. The results revealed that the probability of
presence in the respective countries increased with increasing species
richness of Dipterocarpaceae and decreasing geographical distance from
the study site (i.e., Lambir). Furthermore, most of the ECM fungi were
shown to be endemic to Malaysia and neighboring countries. These
findings suggest that not only dispersal limitation but also host
preference are responsible for the high endemism of ECM fungi in
dipterocarp rainforests. Moreover, host preference likely determines the
areas where ECM fungi potentially expand and dispersal limitation
creates distance–decay patterns within suitable habitats. Although host
preference has received less attention than dispersal limitation, our
findings support that host preference has a profound influence on the
global distribution of ECM fungi.
An investigation of salivary ferritin levels in COVID-19 patients; a case-control study
Authors: Daneshian Maryam , Valedsaravi Najmehsadat , Savasari Aryousha Moallem , Salehabadi Negareh , Abdollahi Amirsaleh , Frouzanian Mehran , Pahnabi Ali
Published: June 2024

Background: The global impact of COVID-19 necessitates effective methods
to assess disease severity, prompting the exploration of salivary
ferritin as a potential biomarker due to its roles in iron storage and
immune modulation. Methods: A case-control study comprising 60
participants (30 COVID-19 patients and 30 controls) was conducted.
Salivary samples were collected using a non-stimulatory draining
technique and analyzed using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA) for ferritin quantification. The SOFA score, reflecting disease
severity, was recorded for the case group. Statistical analyses,
including Mann-Whitney tests and partial correlation controlling for age
and sex, were performed to assess relationships between salivary
ferritin, SOFA score, and demographic variables. Results: The mean age
was 54.1 ± 18.5 years in the case group and 33.8 ± 10.0 years in the
control group. Of the participants, 48% were female and 52% were male.
The case group had a non-significantly higher mean rank of salivary
ferritin (31.30) compared to the control group (29.70) (U = 426.000, p =
.723). No significant differences were observed in ferritin levels
between COVID-19 patients and controls (p = 0.88). However, a
significant correlation emerged between salivary ferritin levels and
SOFA score (p < .001), indicating a potential link between
ferritin concentrations and disease severity. Conclusions: Results show
a non-significantly higher mean rank of salivary ferritin in COVID-19
patients. The observed correlation between salivary ferritin and SOFA
score suggests its potential as a non-invasive biomarker for assessing
disease severity, contributing to understanding COVID-19
pathophysiology. Further research is needed to validate its role in
diverse patient populations.
Deciphering the reticulate evolution and phylo-biogeography of Ant-Ferns Lecanopteris s.s.
Authors: He Zhao-Rong , Jiang Li-Ju , Zhao Jing , Wang Jia-Guan , Shi Ji-Pu , Landrein Sven , Huang Chuan-Jie , Luo Miao , Zhou Xin-Mao , Niu Hong-Bin
Published: June 2024

Southeast Asia is a biodiversity hotspot characterized by a complex
paleogeography, and its Polypodiopsida flora is particularly diverse.
While hybridization is recognized as common in ferns, investigations
into the relationship between hybridization events and fern diversity
are notably lacking. Lecanopteris s.s., an ant-associated fern, has been
subject to debate regarding species delimitations primarily due to
limited DNA markers and species sampling. Our study integrates 22 newly
generated plastomes, 22 transcriptomes, and flow cytometry of all native
species along with two cultivated hybrids. Our objective is to elucidate
the reticulate evolutionary history within Lecanopteris through the
integration of phylo-biogeography reconstruction, gene flow inference,
and genome size estimation. Key findings of our study include: (1) An
enlarged plastome size in Lecanopteris, attributed to extreme expansion
of the Inverted Repeat (IR) regions; (2) The traditional ‘pumila’ and
‘crustacea’ groups are paraphyletic; (3) Significant cytonuclear
discordance attributed to gene flow; (4) Natural hybridization and
introgression in the ‘pumila’ and ‘darnaedii’ groups; (5) L. luzonensis
is the maternal parent of L. ‘Yellow Tip’, with L. pumila suggested as a
possible paternal parent; (6) L. ‘Tatsuta’ is a hybrid between L.
luzonensis and L. crustacea; (7) Lecanopteris first diverged during the
Neogene and then during the middle Miocene climatic optimum in Indochina
and Sundaic regions. In conclusion, the biogeographic history and
speciation of Lecanopteris have been profoundly shaped by past climate
changes and geodynamics of Southeast Asia. Dispersals, hybridization and
introgression between species act as pivotal factors in the evolutionary
trajectory of Lecanopteris.
Thermal Investigation of Micro-polar Tangent Hyperbolic Flow Using a Hybrid Nanofluid Approach
Authors: Abrar Muhammad Nasir , Kosar Shahzana , Razzaq Raheela
Published: June 2024

Hybrid nanofluids are recognized as advanced nanofluids due to their
superior thermal properties and the potential advantages they offer in
boosting heat transfer rates. Keeping the potential properties of hybrid
nanofluid, this study aims to discuss the numerical solution for the the
micro-rotating tangent hybrid nanofluid induced porous stretchable
surface. Additionally, the consequences of suction/injection phenomena
is also incorporated at the stretching plate in the presence of inclined
MHD. In order to compute the micro-rotation effects of the tangent
hyperbolic fluid the nonlinear micro-polar differential equation is
introduced in the governed model. Moreover, the heat transfer equation
is equipped with the several body forces like; Joule heating, heat
source/sink and thermal slip factor. The above model is mathematically
formulated. The mathematical formulation yields a set of interconnected
non-linear partial differential equations. To derive a similarity
solution, we introduce similarity variables. The numerical solution to
the system of differential equation is achieved by engaging the
Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg 45 (RKF-45) method, in conjunction with the
shooting method. Graphical representations are employed to demonstrate
the physical significance of relevant parameters. The investigation
presents and discusses the impact of various parameters on linear
velocity, angular velocity and temperature profiles. It is anticipated
that a rise in both permeability and the magnetic parameter will lead to
a significant decrease in the skin friction coefficient. Furthermore, as
the Eckert number and heat source parameter reach substantial values, an
increase in the heat transfer rate is foreseen.
A Meta-Analysis of Adverse Events in the Phase I Clinical Trials Conducted at Fortrea Leeds Clinical Research Unit from 2016 to 2021.
Authors: Barton Alicia , Cohen Oren , Bush Jim
Published: June 2024

Aim Tragic incidents in Phase I trials have been cited to suggest that
trials put participants at high levels of risk. This meta-analysis aimed
to evaluate risks to Phase I trial participants at the Fortrea Clinical
Research Unit (FCRU) (UK) between 2016-2021. Methods Sixty-Five FCRU
Phase I trials enrolling 3194 participants were included (99% healthy
volunteers). Analysed trials tested active drugs, had finalised clinical
study reports (CSRs), and standardised AE reporting procedures. Data on
drug type, study design, participant numbers, and AEs were extracted
from CSRs. A chi-square test of homogeneity tested mild, moderate, and
severe AE probability distributions between placebo and active groups. A
negative binomial regression examined relationships of administration
route (parenteral vs non-parenteral), drug type (small molecule vs
biologic), and trial type (First in Human (FIH) vs non-FIH) to number of
AEs reported. Results Over 55% of participants reported at least one
AE. 5051 AEs were reported; classified as mild (90.1%), moderate
(9.4%), severe (0.4%), or unknown (0.1%). Proportion of AEs by
severity category was similar between active and placebo groups
(χ2(2)=3.942, p=0.139). Fifteen serious AEs were reported. Parenteral
administration and biological drugs had no significant effect on AE
incidence. FIH trials were a significant predictor of lower AE risk.
Conclusion AEs were commonly reported in these Phase I trials. Trial
features perceived to increase AE risks (parenteral administration,
biologic drugs) did not and AE risk in FIH trials was lower compared
with non-FIH trials. The trials analysed posed a low risk of serious
harm to participants.
The Role of Talus Pile Mobility in Valley Widening Processes and the Development of Wide Bedrock Valleys, Buffalo River, AR
Authors: Groeber Olivia H , Langston Abigail L
Published: June 2024

Valley width is controlled by lithology and upstream drainage area, but
little work has focused on identifying the processes that control
bedrock valley widening. Bedrock valleys widen by first laterally
eroding bedrock valley walls, followed by the collapse of overlying
bedrock material that must then be transported away from the valley wall
before the valley can continue widening. We hypothesize that talus piles
that cannot be transported by the river protect the valley wall and slow
valley widening, while talus piles that are rapidly transported allow
for uninterrupted valley widening. We use field measurements from 40
locations in both wide and narrow valleys along the Buffalo River, AR to
test this hypothesis. Our data show that wide valleys tend to have fewer
talus piles and smaller talus grain sizes, while talus in narrow valleys
is larger in size and more continuous along valley walls. We calculated
potential talus block entrainment at each site location and found that
talus blocks in wide valleys are potentially entrained and moved away
from valley walls during moderate and large flood events while talus in
narrow valleys is very rarely moved. Our results show that the potential
transport of talus piles protecting bedrock valley walls from widening
is controlled by the block size of collapsed bedrock wall material
relative to stream competency. Our results also suggest that persistence
vs. mobility of collapsed talus piles is an important process in the
development of wide bedrock valleys.
Quantifying Methane Fluxes from Super-Emitting Orphan Wells to Report Carbon Credits and Prioritize Remediation
Authors: Follansbee Emily , Lee James E , Dubey Mohit Lauer , Dooley Jonathan , Schuck Curtis , Minschwaner Kenneth , Santos Andre , Biraud Sebastien Christophe , Dubey Manvendra K
Published: June 2024

Annually, ~ 3.6 million abandoned oil and gas wells in
the U.S. emit a combined ~ 3.2 Tg methane (CH4),
adversely affecting climate and regional air quality. However, these
estimates depend on emission factors derived from inventorying
sub-populations of wells, but which vary by orders of magnitude due to
inadequate sampling numbers. This problem is exacerbated by regional
differences requiring independent emission inventories and the recent
identification of poorly characterized super-emitters that skew the
distribution. Currently, U.S. funding to remediate orphaned wells lacks
standardized quantification methods needed to both prioritize plugging
and account for emission reductions. Sensitive, reliable, affordable,
and scalable CH4 flux quantification methods are needed. We evaluate a
simple Gaussian plume method constrained by in situ ground measurements
of CH4 concentrations and winds to estimate the leak rate from an orphan
well in the Permian basin. We derive a flux of 10.53 ± 1.16 kg CH4 h-1
during a venting procedure that agrees with the directly measured
volumetric flow rate of 9.0 ± 0.25 kg CH4 h-1. This is 71% greater than
the flux measured 7-months prior which induces a bias between bottom-up
and top-down estimates. Additionally, we discovered a secondary leak
through the surface-casing inferred as 0.43-0.67 kg CH4 h-1 by both our
ground Gaussian analysis and by transecting the plume with an uncrewed
aerial system (UAS). Our technique addresses operational needs by
reducing sampling time of leak detection and quantification and good
sensitivity to characterize wells emitting below the detection limit of
satellites.
Isotopic Analysis of NH4+ Collected Using Active Samplers: Insights from Urban Beijing Field Measurements
Authors: Bhattarai Noshan , Wang Shuxiao
Published: June 2024

Active collection methods such as ChemComb Speciation Cartridge samplers
(CCSCs) are considered more accurate for determining the isotopic
composition of ammonia (NH) and particulate ammonium
(NH) (i.e.,
δN(NH) and
δN(NH)),
especially in ambient air. However, the discrepancy in
δN(NH) values
are unknown between speciated particle samples collected using
lab-verified CCSCs with different filter types (Teflon, cellulose, and
glass fiber) and particles samples collected separately without
gas-particle speciation and a backup/breakthrough filter. In this study,
we deployed two CCSCs to collect speciated
NH, and an EPA-approved Spiral
Ambient Speciated Sampler (SASS) side-by-side to collect ambient
NH and to compare their
δN(NH) values in
urban Beijing during summer 2019. The initial
δN(NH) values were derived from
δN(NH) values
for speciated NH based on
theoretical estimation of isotopic fractionation that could occur during
NH gas-to-particle conversion, or field-based isotopic
fractionation, measured δN(NH)
values and observed NH partitioning
during NH and NH
speciation. The results show that the mean
δN(NH) values
retained in Teflon filters were 10.2 ± 8.4‰ (n=7) and 12.4 ± 4.1‰ (n=7)
for CCSCs A and CCSCs B, respectively. In contrast, the measured
δN(NH) values in
SASS quartz filters were 15.9 ± 2.5‰ (n=7). The higher
δN(NH) values
observed in particle samples collected using SASS can be attributed to a
positive bias resulting from NH
volatilization. Additionally, this study revealed that the initial
δN(NH) values, derived using
theoretically derived isotopic fractionation, were 5.6‰ and 10.1‰ lower
compared to the initial δN(NH)
values derived using field-based isotopic fractionation in CCSCs A and
B, respectively. These findings underscore the significance of using
acid-coated backup filters in active sampling systems to effectively
capture volatilized NH. Additionally, they highlight
the necessity of utilizing field-based isotopic fractionation to
accurately predict initial δN(NH)
values, thereby reducing uncertainties in source apportionment of
NH in ambient air. This approach is
essential for obtaining reliable isotopic data for understanding the
sources and processes contributing to
NH in the atmosphere.
1000 years of Nitrogen Oxide Sources in Western Europe: Evidence from Nitrogen Stable Isotopes (δ15N) of Nitrate in a Mont Blanc Ice Core
Authors: Lamothe Alexis , Akers Pete Douglas , Albertin Sarah , Caillon Nicolas , Darfeuil Sophie , Gautier Elsa , Ginot Patrick , Hattori Shohei , Savarino Joel
Published: June 2024

Nitrogen stable isotopes (δ15N) of ice core nitrate of nitrate (NO3-)
are often subject to various interpretations, associated with source,
atmospheric, and/or post-depositional changes. Here, an analysis of a
Mont-Blanc (French Alps) ice core was conducted to investigate
δ15N(NO3-) records over the last 1000 years. We find that the glacially
archived δ15N(NO3-) signal reliably preserves a record of NOx emission
sources with limited post-emission isotopic changes. We use the δ15N
record to reconstruct a history of NOx emissions and compare it with
existing estimated NOx inventories for Western Europe. Notably, our
ice-derived record suggests that inventories for the early 20th-century
may have underestimated NOx emissions resulting from agriculture. During
the 20th century, the δ15N value substantially decreased, which we
attribute to the increasing emissions from oil combustion. Lastly, the
ice core signal highlights the success of mitigation policies in
reducing fossil fuel-induced NOx emissions, albeit 20 years later than
anticipated.
Real-world Experience of Abrocitinib on Difficult-to-treat Hand Eczema in Chinese Patients
Authors: Li Yiting , Tan Xi , Nie Shu , Tian Xin , Wu Zhouwei
Published: June 2024

Abstract is missing (Short communication)
Physical strain of walking in people with neuromuscular diseases is high and relates to step activity in daily life
Authors: Oorschot Sander , Voorn Eric , Van Groenestijn Annerieke , Nollet Frans , Brehm Merel
Published: June 2024

Objective: To determine the physical strain of walking and assess its relationship with daily steps and intensity of daily activity in people with neuromuscular diseases.
Design: Cross-sectional study.
Subjects/patients: Sixty-one adults with neuromuscular diseases.
Methods: Physical strain of walking, defined as oxygen consumption during comfortable walking relative to peak oxygen uptake. Daily step count and daily time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity were assessed using accelerometry and heart rate measurements, respectively. Regression analyses assessed the relationships between log daily step count and log daily time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity, and physical strain of walking.
Results: The mean (standard deviation) physical strain of walking was 73 (20)% Log daily step count and physical strain were negatively associated (β = –0.47). No association was found with log daily time spent in moderate and vigorous physical activity.
Conclusions: The highly increased physical strain of comfortable walking indicates that walking is very demanding for people with neuromuscular diseases and is associated with a reduction in daily step activity. The absence of a relationship between intensity of activities and physical strain indicates that, despite a reduction in daily step activity, strenuous daily activities may still be performed.
Interactive Media Based on Adobe Animate CC Increases Student Participation in History Learning
Authors: Orbit Thomas  , Nani Setiawati  , Rahman  , Store  , Alexandro Rinto , Wibowo
Published: June 2024

In the learning process, teachers still use lecture and discussion methods. Apart from that, the lack of multimedia-based teaching materials affects the level of student participation. This has an impact on low student learning outcomes. This research aims to analyze the influence of using interactive media based on Adobe Animate CC on student participation in history learning. This research is quantitative research with a descriptive analysis approach assisted by SPSS. The population in this study consisted of students in classes XI-1, XI-2, and XI-3, totaling 97 students. The entire population was used as the sample in this study. Data collection techniques in this research were through questionnaires, observation, documentation, and tests. The data collection instrument is a questionnaire sheet. The data analysis technique uses inferential statistical analysis. The results of this research indicate that the variable use of interactive media based on Adobe Animate CC has a significant influence on the variable of student participation in history learning.   The main results of this research prove that the use of Adobe Animate CC interactive media is very suitable for teachers to apply continuously in history learning because it can have a good impact on students, thereby increasing student participation in learning. The research implication is that the use of interactive media can increase students' interest and motivation in learning history, changing learning that is often considered boring into a more exciting and interactive experience.
Integrating Gestalt Theory Concepts in Visual Perception Assessment for Children with Intellectual Disabilities
Authors: Muh. Rijal  , Mumpuniarti  , Muh. Asriadi AM
Published: June 2024

Children with intellectual disabilities have difficulties understanding and responding to visual information, which can hinder their development and learning. One of the factors leading to this is the lack of adequate and relevant assessment instruments that reflect the complexity of visual perception processes in children with intellectual disabilities. This study aims to develop a special visual perception assessment for children with intellectual disabilities, utilizing the concepts of Gestalt theory. This study used the Research and Development (R&D) approach and the ADDIE model. The data collection method used was a questionnaire with an instrument in the form of a questionnaire sheet. This instrument was designed and tested for validity by 11 experts and tested on 50 respondents of children with intellectual disabilities. In this study, there were several data analysis techniques, such as content validity being analyzed with Aiken's V Coefficient, while instrument reliability was estimated with Cronbach's Alpha formula. Furthermore, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted using JASP software to group the questionnaire items into factors based on their dimensions. The results stated that, overall, the instrument was considered valid and reliable for measuring the visual perception ability of children with intellectual disabilities. This study makes an important contribution to the development of assessments that can be applied in education and intervention, improving understanding and support for the visual development of children with intellectual disabilities.