bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Listening Habits to Music during COVID-19 Pandemic: Is There a Risk to Hearing?
Authors: Kaplan-Neeman Ricky , Kreiser Noa , Ross Sandy , Muchnik Chava
Published: October 2024

Abstract Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic introduced a unique situation by consigning people to their homes, with free time for music listening, joined with increased anxiety and stress levels. The question arises whether listening
habits to music have changed during the pandemic. Such a change in listening habits might pose a greater potential risk to hearing than in routine days. Purpose To evaluate listening habits to music using earphones during the COVID-19 pandemic and assess if any change occurred
in these habits compared with routine days before the pandemic. Research Design Self-reported listening habits were collected using a purpose-built questionnaire submitted online. Study Sample In total, the questionnaire was distributed among 242 young adults
aged 18 to 30 years (mean: 24.3 ± 2.8). A total of 192 participants, regular listeners to music using earphones, provided information concerning their listening habits. Data Collection and Analysis Collected listening habits included: listening levels,
duration, and frequency of listening during the pandemic compared with routine days. Symptoms and circumstances that occurred following music listening were reported as well. We compared statistically listening habits of participants that stayed home during the pandemic versus those that kept
their office routine. In addition, we performed statistical analysis on hearing symptoms following unsafe versus safe music listeners. Results Most reported listening durations were 2 to 4 days (28.5%) and 7 days a week (29.7%), for at least 30 minutes, at high to very
high listening levels, and volume control settings at 75 to 100%. Almost 50% of the participants reported a change in their listening habits during the pandemic, mainly a more frequent and longer listening duration. Overall, 29.1% of the participants were at potential risk of hearing loss
due to unsafe listening habits. Conclusion The change in listening habits during the COVID-19 pandemic underscores the need to monitor listening habits and raise awareness of the one cause for hearing loss that can be prevented.
Lifestyle Recommendations for Patients Before and After Thoracic Aortic Surgery: A Framework Analysis
Authors: Koenders Niek , van Zetten Henrita , Smulders Michelle , Smeenk Hans , van Kimmenade Roland , Smith Tim , Geuzebroek Guillaume , van Brakel Thomas , Verkroost Michel
Published: October 2024

Background Patients receive many different recommendations after thoracic aortic surgery. Unfortunately, there is much variation in recommendations between different surgical centers. This variation in recommendations creates uncertainty and anxiety in patients. Therefore, we aimed to provide an overview with clear lifestyle recommendations for patients before and after thoracic aortic surgery.

Methods Documentary research and a framework analysis were used to analyze brochures, website texts, and health care protocols. These documents consisted of lifestyle recommendations for patients before and after thoracic aortic surgery (direct information) or cardiac surgery (indirect information). An analytical framework was constructed and all lifestyle recommendations for patients before and after thoracic aortic surgery were coded through indexing, charting, and mapping by two researchers (N.K. and H.v.Z.). The first draft with lifestyle recommendations was prepared by two researchers (N.K. and H.v.Z.). Feedback from all authors involved patients and consulted health care professionals was processed in the final draft.

Results In total, 170 documents were analyzed. Indexing revealed 414 lifestyle recommendations, which were included in the first draft. Charting, mapping, removal of duplicates, and processing of feedback resulted in a final draft with 52 lifestyle recommendations about behavioral change, body weight, nutrition, cessation of alcohol and drug use, cessation of smoking, wound healing, sedentary behavior and physical activity, mental well-being, and family and close relatives.

Conclusion This study provides an overview of clear lifestyle recommendations for patients before and after thoracic aortic surgery. This overview is the first step because follow-up research is needed on which lifestyle recommendations are necessary and evidence-based. The overview of lifestyle recommendations serves as a foundation, after which individual customization can be provided.
Anesthetic Management of a Child with Frontonasal Encephalocele and Hemifacial Microstomia Syndrome for Repair of Encephalocele and Microstomia Correction
Authors: Panneerselvam Selvendiran , Singh Georgene , Abraham Ananth P. , Thakkar Keta
Published: October 2024

Anesthetic management of a child with hemifacial microstomia and frontonasal encephalocele can be challenging due to factors such as a difficult airway, associated systemic conditions, young age, and prolonged operating time. Hereby, we outline the intraoperative management of a 3-year-old child undergoing repair of multiple defects requiring multidisciplinary involvement of neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and anesthesia team. In our case, a size 0 mask and hyper-angulated D-blade video laryngoscopy were used to prevent sac compression and facilitate intubation. Blood conservation strategies included tranexamic acid, precise fluid management, and maintenance of normothermia. Extubation was carefully planned, considering blood loss and airway edema, and performed when the child was fully awake, ensuring a stable postoperative period and successful recovery. This report emphasizes the importance of meticulous preoperative assessment, readiness for a challenging airway, efficient management of intraoperative blood loss, and the value of teamwork.
The Impact of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear on Player Performance and Longevity in La Liga League Soccer Players
Authors: Ghali Abdullah N. , Ghobrial Philip , Momtaz David A. , Krishnakumar Hari N. , Gonuguntla Rishi K. , Salem Yousef , AlSaidi Amir , Bartush Katherine C. , Heath David M.
Published: October 2024

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is among the most studied sports injuries. We investigate the impact of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) on performance and longevity in La Liga to elucidate performance parameters impacted after surgery in professional soccer players and variables impacting return-to-play (RTP).

Demographic and performance data for La Liga players with ACLR between 1993 and 2020 were collected three seasons before and after injury and compared with two healthy controls. Analysis was conducted between and within ACLR and control groups. Pearson's correlation coefficients and a multiple linear regression model analyzed relationships between demographic variables and RTP.

After exclusion, 23 professional soccer players were identified for the ACLR group. One year after index, ACLR had lower goals, shots on-target, assists, pass percentage, tackles, tackle success percentage, blocks, and clearances compared with control (p < 0.05). Two years after index, ACLR had lower assists, pass percentage, and tackle success percentage than control (p < 0.05). Three years after index, ACLR had fewer matches and blocks versus control (p < 0.05). Pearson's correlation showed a positive correlation between experience and RTP (p = 0.001). Multiple linear regression found RTP to increase 32.66 days for each additional year of experience (p < 0.001).

With performance metrics showing significant decreases up to 2 years post-ACLR but largely recovering within 3 years of RTP, results support that soccer players undergoing ACLR eventually recover to preinjury levels of play. Players should be counseled on initial declines in performance metrics the first few years after RTP.
Role of Image-Guided Biopsy in Nonpalpable Breast Lesions: A Study in the Sub-Himalayan Region of North India
Authors: Singh Surya Pratap , Thakur Charu Smita , Makhaik Sushma , Thakur Shruti , Jhobta Anupam , Kapila Sumala , Sharma Neelam , Aggarwal Neeti
Published: October 2024

Background Nonpalpable breast lesions pose a challenge in their early diagnosis. Image-guided biopsy is preferred in these cases so that a pathological diagnosis of breast carcinoma is reached timely for a better prognosis as the disease has an increased chance of successful outcome with early identification and treatment.

Objective The study aims at evaluating the role of stereotactic core needle biopsy (CNB) and percutaneous ultrasound-guided core needle biopsy (US-CNB) in diagnosing suspicious nonpalpable breast lesions.

Methods Our study included 35 patients with nonpalpable breast lesions and having a Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) risk assessment category IV or V on mammography or sonography. These 35 lesions were subjected to percutaneous image-guided (stereotactic or US) biopsy for histopathological analysis.

Results Out of a total of 35 cases, 17 were pathologically malignant (48.6%), with the most common subtype being invasive ductal carcinoma (82.3%). Twenty-nine cases underwent US-CNB, 16 (55.1%) of which were malignant and 13 (44.8%) were benign on histopathological evaluation (HPE). The remaining six cases, which on mammography showed no mass but suspicious malignant calcification only, were subjected to stereotactic CNB, out of which one (16.6%) was malignant and five (83.3%) were benign on HPE. Hence, the lesions visible on sonography were more likely to be malignant.

Conclusion Sonography and mammography play a complimentary role in detecting breast carcinoma. Percutaneous biopsy under image guidance can be used as an accurate diagnostic alternative to open surgical excisional biopsy to avoid diagnostic delay.
Optical tweezers provide measurement method for understanding stability of oil-in-water emulsions
Authors: Lim Alane
Published: October 2024

New study reviews ability of optical tweezers to quantitatively measure interaction forces between single droplets.
Reaction dynamics of the nonvalence bound states of the anions
Authors: Kang Do Hyung , Kim Sang Kyu
Published: October 2024

Nonvalence bound state (NBS) is a unique anionic state where an excess electron is loosely bound to a neutral molecule in long-range potentials. Since Fermi and Teller first proposed that an electron could be bound in the dipolar field of a molecule, the physical and chemical properties of NBS in a variety of chemical systems have been investigated over recent decades. In this short review, recent notable studies aimed at thoroughly understanding the dynamics of NBS in various anionic chemical systems are elaborated. Photodetachment and photoelectron spectroscopic methods, particularly applied to cryogenically cooled anions, have been highly successful in providing detailed rovibronic structures of the NBS in many interesting chemical systems. Furthermore, real-time pump-probe photoelectron spectroscopy unraveled new dynamic aspects of anion physics and chemistry, offering deep insight into mode-specific autodetachment dynamics and the role of metastable NBS as a doorway into anionic chemical reactions. Autodetachment and/or nonvalence-to-valence (or vice versa) electron-transfer dynamics of NBS are found to be strongly mode-specific, presenting a challenge for theoretical explanations of their quantum-mechanical nature. The outlook for further exploration of NBS in various chemical or biological contexts as well as its potential exploitation in controlling chemical reaction is also provided.
Emulating quantum computing with optical matrix multiplication
Authors: Koni Mwezi , Bezuidenhout Hadrian , Nape Isaac
Published: October 2024

Optical computing harnesses the speed of light to perform vector-matrix operations efficiently. It leverages interference, a cornerstone of quantum computing algorithms, to enable parallel computations. In this work, we interweave quantum computing with classical structured light by formulating the process of photonic matrix multiplication using quantum mechanical principles such as state superposition and subsequently demonstrate a well-known algorithm, namely, Deutsch–Jozsa’s algorithm. This is accomplished by elucidating the inherent tensor product structure within the Cartesian transverse degrees of freedom of light, which is the main resource for optical vector-matrix multiplication. To this end, we establish a discrete basis using localized Gaussian modes arranged in a lattice formation and demonstrate the operation of a Hadamard gate. Leveraging the reprogrammable and digital capabilities of spatial light modulators, coupled with Fourier transforms by lenses, our approach proves adaptable to various algorithms. Therefore, our work advances the use of structured light for quantum information processing.
Maternal genetic variants in kinesin motor domains prematurely increase egg aneuploidy
Authors: Biswas Leelabati , Tyc Katarzyna M. , Aboelenain Mansour , Sun Siqi , Dundović Iva , Vukušić Kruno , Liu Jason , Guo Vanessa , Xu Min , Scott Richard T. , Tao Xin , Tolić Iva M. , Xing Jinchuan , Schindler Karen
Published: October 2024

The female reproductive lifespan is highly dependent on egg quality, especially the presence of a normal number of chromosomes in an egg, known as euploidy. Mistakes in meiosis leading to egg aneuploidy are frequent in humans. Yet, knowledge of the precise genetic landscape that causes egg aneuploidy in women is limited, as phenotypic data on the frequency of human egg aneuploidy are difficult to obtain and therefore absent in public genetic datasets. Here, we identify genetic determinants of reproductive aging via egg aneuploidy in women using a biobank of individual maternal exomes linked with maternal age and embryonic aneuploidy data. Using the exome data, we identified 404 genes bearing variants enriched in individuals with pathologically elevated egg aneuploidy rates. Analysis of the gene ontology and protein–protein interaction network implicated genes encoding the kinesin protein family in egg aneuploidy. We interrogate the causal relationship of the human variants within candidate kinesin genes via experimental perturbations and demonstrate that motor domain variants increase aneuploidy in mouse oocytes. Finally, using a knock-in mouse model, we validate that a specific variant in kinesin KIF18A accelerates reproductive aging and diminishes fertility. These findings reveal additional functional mechanisms of reproductive aging and shed light on how genetic variation underlies individual heterogeneity in the female reproductive lifespan, which might be leveraged to predict reproductive longevity. Together, these results lay the groundwork for the noninvasive biomarkers for egg quality, a first step toward personalized fertility medicine.
Machine learning-enhanced vision systems for cutting tool notch detection in new energy battery manufacturing
Authors: Zheng Ying , Wang Muzi , Chen Gongchao , Feng Heyang , Jin Songlin , Zhao Wenyi , Zhang Weidong
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a study on the problem of burrs on the electrodes of new energy batteries, which are a major factor contributing to battery short-circuits and explosions. During the process of electrode cutting, the use of cutting tools with a notch is likely to cause burrs on the electrode. Therefore, it is essential to accurately detect the notch of the cutting tool. This paper explores the issue of cutting tool notch detection using machine learning-enhanced vision systems. Firstly, a set of cutting tool image acquisition devices is used to capture high-quality images of the cutting tool edge. Next, an algorithm for removing attachments based on concave point matching is proposed, effectively eliminating edge attachments by analyzing the concave point information of the edge. Additionally, we propose an enhanced Zernike moment sub-pixel edge extraction method, which achieves sub-pixel edge extraction while preserving the edge characteristics of the cutting tool. Furthermore, a notch detection algorithm based on quartic Hermite interpolation is introduced to detect the notch of the cutting tool by initially identifying the tool’s edge. The proposed algorithms are compared with other state-of-the-art methods, demonstrating faster and more accurate extraction of sub-pixel cutting tool edges and detection of cutting tool notches.
Radial blow-up in quasilinear Keller-Segel systems: approaching the full picture
Authors: Ding Mengyao , Winkler Michael
Published: October 2024

The Neumann problem for the Keller-Segel system

{

u
t

=
∇
⋅

(
D

(
u
)

∇
u
)

−
∇
⋅

(
S

(
u
)

∇
v
)

,

0
=
Δ
v
−
μ
+
u
,

μ
=

−

∫
Ω

u
d
x
,

is considered in n-dimensional balls Ω with

n
⩾
2

, with suitably regular and radially symmetric, radially nonincreasing initial data u
0. The functions D and S are only assumed to belong to

C
2

(
[
0
,
∞
)
)

and to satisfy D > 0 and

S
⩾
0

on

[
0
,
∞
)

as well as

S
(
0
)
=
0

; in particular, diffusivities with arbitrarily fast decay are included.

In this general context, it is shown that it is merely the asymptotic behavior as

ξ
→
∞

of the expression

I

(
ξ
)

:=

S

(
ξ
)

ξ

2
n

D

(
ξ
)

,

ξ
>
0
,

which decides about the occurrence of blow-up: Namely, it is seen that

•

if

lim

ξ
→
∞

I
(
ξ
)
=
0

, then any such solution is global and bounded, that

•

if

lim sup

ξ
→
∞

I
(
ξ
)
<
∞

and

∫
Ω

u
0

is suitably small, then the corresponding solution is global and bounded, and that

•

if

lim inf

ξ
→
∞

I
(
ξ
)
>
0

, then at each appropriately large mass level m, there exist radial initial data u
0 such that

∫
Ω

u
0

=
m

, and that the associated solution blows up either in finite or in infinite time.

This especially reveals the presence of critical mass phenomena whenever

lim

ξ
→
∞

I
(
ξ
)
∈
(
0
,
∞
)

exists.
Lateral Mn5Ge3 spin-valve in contact with a high-mobility Ge two-dimensional hole gas
Authors: Weißhaupt David , Sürgers Christoph , Bloos Dominik , Funk Hannes Simon , Oehme Michael , Fischer Gerda , Schubert Markus Andreas , Wenger Christian , van Slageren Joris , Fischer Inga Anita , Schulze Jörg
Published: October 2024

Ge two-dimensional hole gases (2DHG) in strained modulation-doped quantum-wells represent a promising material platform for future spintronic applications due to their excellent spin transport properties and the theoretical possibility of efficient spin manipulation. Due to the continuous development of epitaxial growth recipes extreme high hole mobilities and low effective masses can be achieved, promising an efficient spin transport. Furthermore, the Ge 2DHG can be integrated in the well-established industrial complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) devices technology. However, efficient electrical spin injection into a Ge 2DHG—an essential prerequisite for the realization of spintronic devices—has not yet been demonstrated. In this work, we report the fabrication and low-temperature magnetoresistance (MR) measurements of a laterally structured Mn5Ge3/Ge 2DHG/ Mn5Ge3 device. The ferromagnetic Mn5Ge3 contacts are grown directly into the Ge quantum well by means of an interdiffusion process with a spacing of approximately 130 nm, forming a direct electrical contact between the ferromagnetic metal and the Ge 2DHG. Here, we report for the first time a clear MR signal for temperatures below 13 K possibly arising from successful spin injection into the high mobility Ge 2DHG. The results represent a step forward toward the realization of CMOS compatible spintronic devices based on a 2DHG.
London penetration depth in amorphous and crystalline Re–Lu films: Comment on ‘Superconductivity of amorphous and crystalline Re–Lu films’ (Teknowijoyo and Gulian 2024 Supercond. Sci. Technol. 37 035005)
Authors: Talantsev Evgeny F
Published: October 2024

Recently, Teknowijoyo and Gulian (2024 Supercond. Sci. Technol.
37 035005) deposited amorphous Re3.8Lu and polycrystalline Re10.5Lu films and reported several superconducting parameters for these films. One of the reported parameters, the ground-state London penetration depth,

λ

(
0
)

≅
5

 nm

, was deduced from the lower critical field,

B

c
1

(
T
)

. The authors also reported the Ginzburg–Landau parameter

κ
=
0.89

for both films. Based on these values, the authors concluded that their films ‘being of type-II’ are ‘rather close to the theoretical boundary separating type-I and type-II superconductors of

κ
=
1

/

2

≈
0.71

.’ Here, I argue that the reported

λ

(
0
)

and

κ

(
0
)

are incorrect. It is more likely that the errors originate due to a confusion of CGS and SI units by the authors. The correct parameters deduced from the reported experimental data are larger by 2.5 orders of magnitude, i.e.

λ

(
0
)

≅
1300

 nm

and

κ

(
0
)

≅
250

, which implies that amorphous and polycrystalline Re
x
Lu films are high-

κ

type-II superconductors.
Horizontally stacked inverted U-shaped dual-band implantable antenna with circularly polarized for biotelemetry application
Authors: Kumaravel Shanmugam , Karthikeyan Madurakavi
Published: October 2024

A horizontally stacked inverted U-shaped dual-band implantable antenna is proposed for RFID and health care monitoring implantable applications. The designed antenna operates at 0.952 GHz ultrahigh frequency band (UHF; 0.951–0.956 GHz) and 2.4 GHz industrial, scientific, and medical band (ISM; 2.4–2.4835 GHz) in a suitable feeding scheme. The shorting pin is used on the radiation patch to minimize the antenna structure. The final dimension of the designed antenna size is

9
×
9
×
0.635

mm

3

.

The defected ground structure (DGS) helped to produce radiation with circular polarization (CP) at 2.4 GHz resonant frequency. The designed antenna achieves an axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 20% at 2.4 GHz resonant frequency. The antenna is designed on Rogers RT Duroid 6010 substrate and fabricated. The same dielectric material was used as a superstrate. At both the UHF and ISM frequency bands, the experiment was conducted using skin-mimicking gel and minced pork. The horizontally stacked inverted U-shaped antenna has a high peak gain of −27.5 dBi at 0.952 GHz. The computed maximum specific absorption ratio is within allowable bounds and complies with IEEE safety criteria.
Discovery of PdHx compounds using genetic algorithms and first-principles calculations
Authors: Hosseini S Vahid , Arab Hamed , Abbasnejad Mohaddeseh , Mohammadizadeh Mohammad Reza
Published: October 2024

In the present work, the variable-composition crystal structure prediction algorithm USPEX was combined with first-principles calculations to systematically explore stable PdH
x
compounds in the pressure range from 0 to 100 GPa. The predicted structures are PdH, Pd4H5, Pd2H, and PdH4, of which PdH has previously been synthesized. The electronic structures show that these compounds can be metallic, with Pd states dominating at the Fermi level. However, the hydrogen atoms do not play a main role in the electronic properties; their vibrations do contribute to the electron–phonon coupling. The predicted Pd4H5 has a superconducting transition temperature of ∼13 K, which is higher than that of PdH (∼8 K in the experiment). Additionally, PdH, Pd4H5, Pd2H, and PdH4 can be classified as phonon-mediated superconductors, falling into the low-coupling regime. Our results demonstrate that as the hydrogen concentration is increased in PdH
x
compounds, the superconducting transition temperature rises due to hydrogen vibrations, which is consistent with the experiment. Hence, the present study paves the way for discovering new PdH
x
compounds with promising superconducting transition temperatures.
Electromagnetism and Maxwellian Evolution Equations in terms of Darboux Frame in Minkowski Space with Abnormalities
Authors: Yanık Ebru , Ceyhan Hazal , Özdemir Zehra , Gök İsmail
Published: October 2024

Electromagnetic wave propagation is often thought of as the transport of polarised light and this behaviour is well defined by Maxwell’s equations when propagating in an optical fiber. In this paper, we examine the q − direction and n − direction Berry’s phase equation along a Darboux framed optical fibre in Minkowski space. Next, we define q − direction and n − direction for the electromagnetic curves of the Rytov parallel transport laws. And then, the application section, the connections between the Maxwellian evolution of the electromagnetic curve for Maxwell’s equation and the anholonomic coordinates are visualized and illustrated with the MAPLE program.
Generation of the flat-top beam using convolutional neural networks and Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm
Authors: Ma Long , Zhang Wei , Dai Xiangguang
Published: October 2024

Laser technology has made rapid progress in recent years and has been widely used in various fields such as medicine, biology, military, and materials science. However, the limitations of traditional Gaussian intensity distribution of the laser beams in applications have prompted the emergence and development of flat-top beam shaping technology, which has received widespread attention. Here, we introduce a new method for generating flat-top beams that combines the traditional Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm with convolutional neural networks, using spatial light modulators to achieve flat-top beam shaping. A comparative analysis was conducted by comparing the root mean square error and diffraction efficiency of the generated flat-top beam with the results obtained using only the traditional Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm. Compared with the traditional Gerchberg-Saxton algorithm, the method proposed in this paper can generate a flat-top beam with smaller differences from the target light intensity and higher energy utilization, providing new possibilities for the application of laser technology.
Impact of relativistic positron beam on ion-acoustic solitary, periodic and breather waves in Earths’ ionospheric region through the framework of KdV and modified KdV equation
Authors: Roy Ashim , Sarkar Tanay , Roy Subrata , Raut Santanu
Published: October 2024

This study explores the propagation characteristics of ion-acoustic periodic, soliton, and breather waves in electron-positron-ion (EPI) plasma with a relativistic positron beam. The Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation is obtained by applying the traditional reductive perturbation method (RPM) to the fundamental set of fluid equations. When the KdV model is unable to accurately represent the nonlinear system’s evolution, a modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation is constructed. In both models, Jacobi elliptic functions are used to derive periodic solutions, and a connection between periodic waves and soliton solutions is established. Hirota’s bilinear method is used to generate breathers directly from the KdV type framework without utilizing the modified Schrödinger framework inferred from the KdV type framework, which is a prevalent method in studies of nonlinear waves. Numerical knowledge of various physical factors in the ionospheric region is incorporated into the model to elucidate wave propagation in the Earth’s upper atmosphere.
The mechanics of extruded polylactic acid: an investigation into the effects of its multiple recycling and the inclusion of fly ash
Authors: Balan G Sakthi , Raj S Aravind
Published: October 2024

This study examines variations in the material properties of the 3D printed polylactic acid (PLA) components after they have been recycled multiple times. Additionally, virgin polylactic acid was supplemented with fly ash from the thermal power plant, and the material’s behavior was examined after it was recycled on multiple times. By means of different tests, the impacts of filler addition on the mechanical behavior of the recycled materials are investigated. Using various forms including broken pieces, flakes, and fine powders, the filament extrusion was performed using used polylactic acid material during recycling. Under multiple recycling conditions, the mechanical characteristics of the polylactic acid and fly ash added polylactic (PLA-FA) were investigated. This work also investigates the impact of the polymer’s particulate size during the filament extrusion process. After recycling, it was found that the fine powder additions during the extrusion process provided high tensile strength of 32.61 MPa and flexural strength of 47.32 MPa for the PLA specimens. After recycling processes, the maximum tensile strength of 25.64 MPa and flexural strength of 50.22 MPa were found in fly ash enriched PLA. In contrast, the hardness of both PLA and fly ash-included PLA increased following each recycling procedure. Multiple recycling of PLA material turned the ductile material into brittle material by means of amorphous phase emergence. When compared to other particle sizes which were bigger in size, the specimens developed with filaments extruded with fine powder showed maximum results in all the tests. The tensile strength of PLA material decreased by 17.25%, while the tensile strength of PLA-FA material decreased by 21.35% after recycling. In PLA, the flexural strength drop following three recycling was 17.56% while in PLA-FA material it was 9.01%. After three times of material recycling, the hardness increased by 3.52% in PLA and by 2.48% in PLA-FA.
Performance of dual-band infrared photodetectors based on M-structure superlattices
Authors: Cheng Yifan , Wang Zhongxian , Chen Guanliang , Song Zhigang , Li Chuanbo
Published: October 2024

The mainstream dual-band photodetector structures are complex, requiring careful design of each absorption layer, making it difficult to customize according to specific requirements. We simplified the structure and proposed an alternative design, which based on the nBn barrier structure combined with the M-structure superlattice (M-SL). With the utmost consideration for lattice matching, we have enabled tailored design and arbitrary adjustment of the absorption coefficients for both detection bands and the overall absorption characteristics as needed. This manuscript presents a series of dual-band photodetectors. The performance of these devices was simulated at 77K, with quantum efficiency exceeding 22% in the MWIR band of the MWIR-LWIR detector, and normalized detectivity reaching 1011

cm
·

Hz

/

W

. Quantum efficiency in the LWIR to VLWIR bands surpasses 19%, with normalized detectivity reaching 1011

cm
·

Hz

/

W

.
A compact finite-difference and Haar wavelets collocation technique for parabolic volterra integro-differential equations
Authors: Mohammad Najem A , Sabawi Younis A , Sh. Hasso Mohammad
Published: October 2024

In this paper, a numerical investigation of a class of parabolic Volterra integro-differential equations (parabolic-VIDEs) is conducted. The approach focuses on semi-discretizing parabolic-VIDEs by utilizing a second-order compact finite difference method

O
(
δ

t

2

)

for the time variable and approximating the integral term using the trapezoidal rule. Further, the spatial derivative is approximated by Haar wavelet method. This hybrid methodology leverages the strengths of both techniques to solve the equations more efficiently and accurately. The error analysis, using L
2 and L
∞-norms, shows low computational costs. Numerical experiments show that second-order accuracy in both time and space, respectively. Stability and convergence of the proposed method are given through Sobolve space. Some numerical examples are tested for the effectiveness and accuracy of the proposed method. Furthermore, the presented numerical approach is compared with standard finite difference numerical methods and the results are reported in a table.
Stability analysis study for the time-fractional Galilei invariant advection-diffusion model of distributive order using an efficient hybrid approach
Authors: Cai Ruiqi , Kosari Saeed , Shafi Jana , Derakhshan Mohammad Hossein
Published: October 2024

In this manuscript, a new model of the time-fractional Galilei-invariant advection-diffusion model of distributed order is studied. An efficient hybrid numerical approach with high accuracy is used to estimate this equation. The finite difference numerical method is used to approximate the fractional operator in terms of the time variable and to approximate the integral term of distributed order, the Gaussian–Legendre integration is applied. To obtain a fully discrete numerical approach, we used a spectral element numerical approach, in which Legendre polynomials are used as the basis function. For the proposed numerical approach, the error and stability analysis are studied. For the efficiency of the numerical approach, some numerical examples are presented with graphs and tables.
Zirili map-based image encryption method for healthcare, military, and personal data security
Authors: Pal Puneet Kumar , Kumar Dhirendra
Published: October 2024

Chaotic maps have been widely explored for encrypting information pertaining to sensitive data sources such as medical fields, military operations, satellite imagery, and personal photographs. Developing chaotic maps with a wide range of chaotic dynamics is crucial for encryption applications to safeguard information. In this work, we have proposed a novel two-dimensional hyperchaotic Zirili map that exploits the properties of the Zirili test optimisation function. The proposed Zirili map demonstrates excellent chaotic behaviour compared to several chaotic maps in terms of bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponent, permutation entropy, correlation diagram, sample entropy and Kolmogorov entropy. The proposed Zirili map is utilised in confusion and diffusion processes to develop an efficient image encryption method. We have suggested cascading confusion transformation to reduce the correlation coefficient between adjacent pixels. Additionally, a novel modified cyclic diffusion with pixel mixing is proposed to enhance randomness in encrypted images. A thorough assessment of the proposed image encryption method is performed on a variety of image datasets by utilising multiple cryptanalysis methods, including key space analysis, information entropy, correlation coefficient evaluation, differential attack, key sensitivity testing, histogram analysis, computational time analysis, and occlusion and noise attacks. The quantitative evaluation measures obtained in terms of average information entropy with value 7.9989, number of pixel change rate with value 99.6112, and unified averaged changed intensity with value 33.4246 (averaged over several images) is better than other state-of-the-art image encryption methods, which indicate the robustness of the proposed image encryption method. Furthermore, analysis based on encryption time shows the superiority of the proposed image encryption algorithm over other related works. The experimental results confirm the methods reliability and robustness for its application in secure and practical encryption solutions for real-world applications.
The dependence of halo bias on the protohalo shape alignment with the initial tidal field
Authors: Lee Jounghun , Moon Jun-Sung
Published: October 2024

We present a numerical evidence supporting the primordial origin of secondary halo bias even on the galactic mass scale.
Analyzing the data from the TNG 300-1 simulations, we investigate the dependence of halo bias on the degree of misalignment between the protohalo inertia and
initial tidal tensors, τ, measured at redshift, z

i
=127. From the TNG 300-1 galactic halos in logarithmic mass range of 10.5 < m ≡ log[M/(h
-1
M
⊙)] ≤ 13
identified at z=0, 0.5 and 1, a clear signal of τ bias is detected. For the case that τ is measured from the initial tidal field smoothed on the scale of
Rf
/(h
-1Mpc) ≲ 1, the halo τ bias is found to be very similar in its tendency and amplitude to the spin bias at all of the three redshifts,
if the effects of backsplash halos are properly eliminated.
For the case of Rf
/(h
-1Mpc) = 2, the τ bias at z=1 turns out to behave like the age bias, diminishing rapidly in the range of m > 12.
At z=0 and 0.5, however, the τ and age bias factors show large differences in their overall strengths, which is attributed to the dominant nonlinear effects
that undermine the former but enhance the latter.
Given these numerical results along with the previous finding [1] that τ shares a large amount of mutual information with the formation epochs and
spin parameters of galactic halos, it is concluded that the origins of halo age and spin bias must be closely linked with the primordial factor, τ, and that
the difference in the tendency between the two bias factors on the galactic mass scale reflects the multi-scale influence of τ on the halo secondary properties.
Warm inflation with a heavy QCD axion
Authors: Berghaus Kim V. , Forslund Matthew , Guevarra Mark Vincent
Published: October 2024

We propose the first model of warm inflation in which the particle production emerges
directly from coupling the inflaton to Standard Model particles. Warm inflation, an early epoch
of sustained accelerated expansion at finite temperature, is a compelling alternative to cold
inflation, with distinct predictions for inflationary observables such as the amplitude of
fluctuations, the spectral tilt, the tensor-to-scalar ratio, and non-gaussianities. In our model
a heavy QCD axion acts as the warm inflaton whose coupling to Standard Model gluons sources the
thermal bath during warm inflation. Axion-like couplings to non-Abelian gauge bosons have been
considered before as a successful microphysical theory with emerging thermal friction that can
maintain finite temperature during inflation via sphaleron heating. However, the presence of light
fermions charged under the non-Abelian group suppresses particle production, hindering a
realization of warm inflation by coupling to QCD. We point out that the Standard Model quarks can
be heavy during warm inflation if the Higgs field resides in a high-energy second minimum which
restores efficient sphaleron heating. A subsequent large reheating temperature is required to
allow the Higgs field to relax to its electroweak minimum. Exploring a scenario in which hybrid
warm inflation provides the large reheating temperature, we show that future collider and beam
dump experiments have discovery potential for a heavy QCD axion taking the role of the
warm inflaton.
Cu-doped nanocomposite Pr2Fe14B/α-Fe ribbons with high (BH)max
Authors: Alam Mehran Khan , Raza Shahzab , Gao 高 Chengyong 成勇 , Han 韩 Guangbing 广兵 , Kang 康 Shishou 仕寿
Published: October 2024

The melt-spun ribbons of nominal composition Pr9Fe84.2–x
B6.2P0.3Zr0.3Cu
x
(x = 0, 0.5, 1, 2) were prepared at wheel speeds of 21 m·s−1, 27 m·s−1, 30 m·s−1, and 33 m·s−1. The XRD patterns show that as the wheel speed increases, the crystallinity of the 2:14:1 hard phase decreases, while that of the α-Fe soft phase increases. The (BH)max, remanence, and coercivity are improved from 63 kJ·m−3, 0.85 T, and 515 kA·m−1 for the Cu-free ribbons to 171 kJ·m−3, 1.08 T, and 684 kA·m−1 with x = 0.5. The high squareness ratio of J
r/J
s ∼ 0.82 at 0.5 at.% Cu (27 m·s−1) indicates strong exchange coupling due to small grain sizes of 15 nm and 30 nm for soft and hard magnetic phases, respectively. The SEM images revealed smooth morphology and uniform element distribution at 0.5 at.% Cu (27 m·s−1), contributing to the high magnetic properties. The low recoil permeability (μ
rec) value of 5.466 × 10−4 T/kA·m−1 to 1.970 × 10−4 T/kA·m−1 confirms the strong exchange coupling with x = 0.5 (27 m·s−1). The initial magnetization curves show that the coercivity mechanism of the Cu-free alloy evolves from the nucleation of the reverse domain to the domain wall pinning as the wheel speed increases, resulting in a high coercivity value of 818 kA·m−1 (33 m·s−1). Conversely, for the Cu-added alloy, the coercivity mechanism changes from pinning to the nucleation of the reverse domain from low to high wheel speed.
On the Formation of the Double Neutron Star Binary PSR J1846–0513
Authors: Jiang Long , Xu Kun , Zha Shuai , Guo Yun-Lang , Yuan Jian-Ping , Qian Xiang-Li , Chen Wen-Cong , Wang Na
Published: October 2024

The double neutron star PSR J1846–0513 is discovered by the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical radio Telescope (FAST) in Commensal Radio Astronomy FAST Survey. The pulsar is revealed to be harbored in an eccentric orbit with e = 0.208 and an orbital period of 0.613 day. The total mass of the system is constrained to be 2.6287(35)M
⊙, with a mass upper limit of 1.3455 M
⊙ for the pulsar and a mass lower limit of 1.2845 M
⊙ for the companion star. To reproduce its evolution history, we perform a 1D model for the formation of PSR J1846–0513 whose progenitor is assumed to be neutron star—helium (He) star system via MESA code. Since the large eccentricity is widely believed to originate from an asymmetric supernova explosion, we also investigate the dynamical effects of the supernova explosion. Our simulated results show that the progenitor of PSR J1846–0513 could be a binary system consisting of a He star of 3.3–4.0 M
⊙ and a neutron star in a circular orbit with an initial period of ∼0.5 day.
Revisit the γ-Ray Flare Associated with Blazar Mrk 421
Authors: Zeng Xiang-Tao , Tang Ze-Yuan , Fan Jun-Hui
Published: October 2024

A Very High-energy (VHE) flare was observed by Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov Telescopes on MJD 57788. This VHE flare was characterized by increased VHE flux and short timescales. In this study, we used one-zone synchrotron self-Compton, two-zone, and spine/layer models to explore this VHE flare’s origin. The results indicate that this γ-ray flare can be explained by Inverse Compton Scattering radiation from the layer contributed gamma radiation and results in the γ-ray flare in a different way than the two-zone model. The difference between the two models lies in the performance of spectral energy distribution after γ-ray flare as well as a possible difference in the timescales of the flare.
Continuous and discrete decoding of overt speech with scalp electroencephalography (EEG)
Authors: Craik Alexander , Dial Heather R , Contreras-Vidal Jose L
Published: October 2024

Neurological disorders affecting speech production adversely impact quality oflife for over 7 million individuals in the US. Traditional speech interfaces like eyetrackingdevices and P300 spellers are slow and unnatural for these patients. Analternative solution, speech Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs), directly decodes speechcharacteristics, offering a more natural communication mechanism. This researchexplores the feasibility of decoding speech features using non-invasive EEG. Nineneurologically intact participants were equipped with a 63-channel EEG systemwith additional sensors to eliminate eye artifacts. Participants read aloud sentencesdisplayed on a screen selected for phonetic similarity to the English language. Deeplearning models, including Convolutional Neural Networks and Recurrent NeuralNetworks with and without attention modules, were optimized with a focus onminimizing trainable parameters and utilizing small input window sizes for real-timeapplication. These models were employed for discrete and continuous speech decodingtasks, achieving statistically significant participant-independent decoding performancefor discrete classes and continuous characteristics of the produced audio signal. Afrequency sub-band analysis highlighted the significance of certain frequency bands(delta, theta, and gamma) for decoding performance, and a perturbation analysiswas used to identify crucial channels. Assessed channel selection methods did notsignificantly improve performance, suggesting a distributed representation of speechinformation encoded in the EEG signals. Leave-One-Out training demonstratedthe feasibility of utilizing common speech neural correlates, reducing data collectionrequirements from individual participants.
Sparse representations, inference and learning
Authors: Lauditi C , Troiani E , Mézard M
Published: October 2024

In recent years statistical physics has proven to be a valuable tool to probe into large dimensional inference problems such as the ones occurring in machine learning. Statistical physics provides analytical tools to study fundamental limitations in their solutions and proposes algorithms to solve individual instances. In these notes, based on the lectures by Marc Mézard in 2022 at the summer school in Les Houches, we will present a general framework that can be used in a large variety of problems with weak long-range interactions, including the compressed sensing problem, or the problem of learning in a perceptron. We shall see how these problems can be studied at the replica symmetric level, using developments of the cavity methods, both as a theoretical tool and as an algorithm.
Theory and applications of the sum-of-squares technique
Authors: Bach Francis , Cornacchia Elisabetta , Pesce Luca , Piccioli Giovanni
Published: October 2024

The sum-of-squares (SOS) approximation method is a technique used in optimization problems to derive lower bounds on the optimal value of an objective function. By representing the objective function as a sum of squares in a feature space, the SOS method transforms non-convex global optimization problems into solvable semidefinite programs. This note presents an overview of the SOS method. We start with its application in finite-dimensional feature spaces and, subsequently, we extend it to infinite-dimensional feature spaces using reproducing kernels (k-SOS). Additionally, we highlight the utilization of SOS for estimating some relevant quantities in information theory, including the log-partition function.
An Improved Ant Colony Clustering Algorithm and Application in Classification of Tree Species
Authors: Zhang Jiashan
Published: October 2024

Clustering is one of the most challenging research topics and has attracted the attention of many researchers. Clustering aims to divide a given set of objects into several categories according to certain rules. It is widely applied to practical problems, such as knowledge discovery, artificial intelligence, scientific data analysis, business, biology, medical diagnosis, text mining, and web data mining and so on. Ant colony clustering algorithm (ACCA), which integrates ACA into clustering, is an efficient swarm intelligence algorithm. There are some weakness in the basic ant colony clustering algorithm, such as low solving efficiency, poor calculation accuracy and iteration stagnation. In this article, an improved Ant Colony Clustering Algorithm (IACCA), in which novel picking-up and dropping strategy is introduced, is proposed and applied to classification of tree species. The experiments indicate efficiency of IACCA for classification of tree species.
Research on Digital Twin Technology for Enhancing Power Communication System Performance
Authors: Mei Feng , Lou Jia , Zhang Mingxi , Chen Wanke , He Wendi
Published: October 2024

Digital twin technology simulates physical systems through real-time data and virtual models, providing an innovative solution to challenges in power communication systems, such as multiple access interference (MAI) and the near-far effect. By constructing a digital twin model, we can accurately measure the non-orthogonality of each user’s spread spectrum code, enabling the elimination of mutual interference through matrix inversion or iterative methods. Our simulations show that the application of digital twin technology improves system performance by reducing MAI and stabilizing communication quality under complex conditions. When the number of stages increases, the system performance improves, but when it is greater than level 5, the system performance does not improve significantly, so the level 5 is selected in the practical application. In this case, the interference factor of the grid communication system is equal to 0.55, and the resulting system gain is 2.