bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative investigation of exosome extraction from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using three different methodologies
Authors: Wang Na , Yin Mingyue , Yu Jiaqi , Zhang Jing , Pan Xueli
Published: September 2024

Exosomes have been identified as crucial mediators in numerous physiological and pathological processes, emerging as a focal point of scientific inquiry. This study aims to compare three methods for isolating exosomes from rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells: ultracentrifugation (UC), ultrafast separation system (EXODUS), and commercial precipitation kit (EXO‐kit). First, the investigation compared exosomal morphology, particle size distribution, and expression of marker proteins. Subsequently, the RNA content, protein concentration, and purity of exosomes were evaluated. Finally, the impact of these exosomes on cellular metabolic viability and migration capacity was assessed. Results indicated that exosomes exhibited spherical or elliptical membrane structures, and most of the exosomes extracted by the three methods were in the range of 30 to 200 nm. UC‐extracted exosomes demonstrated the least impurities and clearest background, followed by EXODUS‐extracted exosomes, and lastly EXO‐kit‐extracted exosomes. The EXO‐kit‐extracted exosomes yielded the highest RNA and protein content, whereas those isolated through UC exhibited superior purity. Furthermore, exosomes extracted from EXODUS and EXO‐kit methods effectively enhanced the metabolic viability and migratory ability of osteoblast precursor cells compared to UC‐extracted exosomes. In conclusion, each of the three methodologies presents advantages and limitations. Therefore, the selection of an appropriate exosome extraction technique should be based on specific experimental objectives and requirements.
Tracing Root Causes of Electric Vehicle Fires
Authors: Zhang Zhenqian , Dong Honglei , Wang Li , Wang Yan , He Xiangming
Published: September 2024

As electric vehicles (EVs) emerge as the backbone of modern transportation, the concurrent uptick in battery fire incidents presents a disconcerting challenge. To tackle this issue effectively, it is imperative to pierce beyond the superficial causes of lithium‐ion battery (LIB) failures—such as equipment malfunctions or physical damage—and to excavate the underlying triggers. This nuanced approach is pivotal to refining EV quality, diminishing fire incidents, and bolstering consumer trust. While issues that are readily apparent to consumers, like spontaneous battery degradation, vehicular collisions, or submersion, may seem like the primary culprits, they merely scratch the surface of a more complex problem. The true mechanisms behind these fires involve internal and external short circuits, yet these explanations fall short in providing actionable guidance for manufacturers or end‐users to enhance LIB safety. The heart of the issue is identifying the root causes that bridge failure triggers and resulting fires. A total of 20 root causes are identified, linking them to real‐world scenarios like overcharging causing internal shorts or wire harness issues leading to external shorts. With this insight, stakeholders can more effectively investigate and understand EV LIB fire incidents, bolstering EV safety and reliability, and promoting consumer confidence.
3D Biomass‐Based Interfacial Solar Steam Generation: Component, Optimization, and Application
Authors: Liu Xiahui , Shu Ting , Liu Tao , Zhang Yuliang
Published: September 2024

The seawater desalination and wastewater treatment by the interfacial solar steam generation (ISSG) technique is considered as a green, economical, sustainable, low‐energy‐consumption, and potential fresh water production strategy to solve the water shortage and energy crisis. Recently, efficient biomass‐based ISSGs (BISSGs) have been widely reported due to its efficient photothermal conversion efficiency and good hydrophilic performance. The BISSGs with efficient solar absorption and water transmission performance by design and optimization their various forms and structures and related photothermal properties is also significantly great for its scale application. This review highlights recent advancements in 3D BISSG systems, with a focus on the design and optimization of photothermal conversion materials and substrate materials. Then, the review also discusses the potential of biomass materials in BISSG applications, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for developing cost‐effective, efficient, and sustainable water purification technologies. Finally, the challenges and development prospects of the BISSG system in basic research and practical application will provide theoretical guidance for the further development of this technology.
Green synthesis of zero‐valent copper nanoparticles for removal of D‐yellow 119 textile dye from aqueous medium
Authors: Zayed Mohamed A. , Abdel‐Gawad Soha A. , Abdel‐Aziz Hossam M.
Published: September 2024

Zero‐valent copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) were beneficially green synthesized via Ficus Benjamina leaves. Applying scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), Ficus Benjamina nano zero‐valent copper (FB‐nZVCu), an innovative adsorbent, was examined. The obtained zero‐valent CuNPs have a size range of 16–18 nm. The removal of D‐yellow 119 dye from textile wastewater was tested using this novel adsorbent. Many operating parameters were examined and tested to control the adsorbent's maximum removal efficiency. These variables included dye concentration, stirring rate, time, pH, and adsorbent dosage. Different adsorption mechanisms have been tested, and the Langmuir isotherm (qmax = 21.83 mg g−1) and (R2 = 0.9993) represent adequate for the adsorption process. The FB‐nZVCu green adsorbent is a promising material for eliminating D‐yellow 119 from simulated and real samples, according to the data obtained and the fruitful analysis. The impact of different operating factors was examined using IBM SPSS Statistics software. They were shown to be responsible for approximately 94% of the factors influencing the removal process.
Effect of absorber shape on energy, exergy efficiency and enviro‐economic analysis of solar air collector: An experimental study
Authors: Touhami Yassmin , Boudhiaf Ridha , Kabeel Abd Elnaby , Khelifa Abdelkrim , Attia Mohammed El Hadi , Abdel‐Aziz Moataz M. , Latrache Noureddine , Aissa Abederrahmane , Driss Zied
Published: September 2024

The efficiency of solar air collectors, which are intended to convert solar energy into thermal energy, is the subject of numerous studies that aim to assess and improve it. Solutions for sustainable energy heavily rely on these systems. Making the right choice regarding the best method for absorbing solar radiation and reducing heat losses is what will ultimately lead to their improved performance. In this work, wavy and corrugated absorbers were suggested inside a solar air collector. The aim of this article is to study experimentally the thermal performance of the solar air collector when using wavy shape of absorber and corrugated shape of absorber instead of the flat shape of absorber under the same weather conditions of Sfax region central‐eastern of Tunisia. The suggested shapes of absorber augmented sun exposure and heating area. The results obtained from this experimental study show that switching from a flat plate absorber to both wavy and corrugated absorbers resulting significant performance gains. The absorber with waves showed a significant improvement in daily thermal efficiency of 22.89%, and the absorber with corrugations showed an even greater improvement of 40.56%. Comparable patterns were noted in daily exergy efficiency, where the corrugated absorber demonstrated an astounding 44.83% increase and the wavy absorber provided a 23.24% improvement. Notably, when total cost savings and monthly CO2 reduction were taken into account, the corrugated absorber turned out to be the best option. These findings highlight the importance of absorber form in optimizing thermal and energy efficiency, which may have positive effects on the economy and environment.
Core‐flooding experiments of various concentrations of CO2/N2 mixture in different rocks: II. Effect of rock properties on residual water
Authors: Li Yi , Li Xiangyang , Hu Zhikai , Suo Ruiting , Xue Liang , Yu Qingchun
Published: September 2024

During CO2 storage in deep saline aquifers, the presence of residual water has an important influence on the storage efficiency and safety. In this study, natural rock cores taken from deep reservoirs in the Ordos Basin and Fukang, Xinjiang are used as research objects. Nine groups of core‐flooding experiments are performed under different CO2/N2 gas mixture ratios to study the influence of rock properties (mineral composition, permeability, porosity and pore structure) on the residual water. Furthermore, the geophysical and chemical properties of rock cores are analyzed by X‐ray diffraction, electron microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy and piezoelectric mercury method. The results show that residual water saturation is a quantitative power function of drainage time. The residual water saturation is positively correlated with the total amount of quartz and feldspar and increases with increasing permeability. Moreover, both the average and median pore throat radius show a strong inverse correlation with irreducible residual water saturation; as these radius increase, the residual water saturation decreases. In contrast, the porosity and maximum pore throat radius display a weaker correlation with irreducible residual water saturation. This study is of great value for engineering practices such as the site selection of CO2 storage projects in saline aquifer and improvement of CO2 storage efficiency. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors influencing farmer willingness to plant forage triticale in winter fallow fields in Northern China: An example from central Shanxi Province
Authors: Jiang Qishen , Dong Haibin , Li Qidong , Zhang Zongxian , Gao Changyu , Yin Yanting , Hou Xiangyang
Published: September 2024

Background

Using winter fallow fields for plant forage is important to ensure food security. Forage triticale (× Triticosecale) has higher yields than other available forage crops and can be planted widely in winter fallow fields. Recently, the planted area of forage triticale in Shanxi Province, China, has exceeded 3500 ha; however, problems such as low farmer willingness to plant (WTP) winter forage still remain.

Methods

A total of 219 farmers were surveyed in Taiyuan, Lvliang, and Jinzhong. We analyzed the factors influencing farmer WTP forage triticale, focusing on personal, family, land, and cognition characteristics. We used a binary logistic regression model to quantify the influence of various factors on farmer behavior and conducted a robustness check and heterogeneity analysis.

Results

“Age” was negatively correlated with farmer WTP—farmers 50 years of age and older showed less WTP. “Land lease situation” was also negatively correlated with WTP. Factors that positively correlated with WTP were “land areas,” “raising of livestock,” “size of labor force,” and “development prospect.”

Conclusions

Many farmers are over 50 years of age, land lessors, and have low WTP winter forage. Farmers who raise livestock and have large labor forces, huge land areas, and good cultivation prospects have a high WTP. This study identifies the factors influencing farmers' WTP to assist in the development of the forage triticale industry in the study region, improving land resource utilization and efficiency. The findings are likely to have wider relevance and application.
Vaccination should be everyone's business: Challenges in vaccinating pregnant women against influenza in the Republic of Moldova
Authors: Shen Angela K. , Gutu Veaceslav , Druc Alina , Capcelea Angela , Ebama Malembe , Adams Brittany , Belayneh Asalif , Valleau Molly , Paraschiv Angela
Published: September 2024

Synopsis

Obstetricians/gynecologists are not included in annual influenza training and have contraindicated influenza vaccines to pregnant individuals, representing a missed opportunity for a provider recommendation.
FIGO and ICM joint statement on contraception: 2024
Authors: Koch Mikaela , Nayiga Harriet , Yates Ann , Kasliwal Asha , Dunkley‐Bent Jacqueline , Jacobsson Bo , Khadka Sabita , Sridhar Aparna
Published: September 2024

Contraception, and the opportunity and ability to decide the timing, number, and spacing of one's pregnancies, is not just critical for maternal and infant health, but necessary for the attainment of basic reproductive rights. Short inter‐pregnancy intervals have significant consequences for both maternal and newborn mortality, including preterm birth and maternal anemia, and they are a key cause of preventable deaths worldwide. Addressing the unmet need for contraception could have widespread implications for health equity and access. Integrating comprehensive contraceptive services into various health settings including antenatal care, postpartum care, and child immunization visits is vital. Contraceptive counseling should be holistic, and should involve shared decision‐making and patient autonomy. Contraceptive counseling is particularly important in the post‐pregnancy period, where loss to follow‐up may be high, and for adolescents and other vulnerable populations who are often overlooked in these discussions. Addressing the unmet need for contraception requires collaboration and teamwork among healthcare professionals, particularly midwives and physicians, who have the opportunity to amplify one another's efforts, share best practices, advocate for broader contraceptive services, and strengthen training among midwifery and medical trainees. Members of FIGO and ICM have worked together to produce this joint statement, identifying priorities within contraceptive provision and underlining key collaborative strategies to address the unmet need for contraception.
Synergistic anticancer effects and reduced genotoxicity of silver nanoparticles and tamoxifen in breast cancer cells
Authors: Rivera Maria D. , Vazquez‐Duhalt Rafael , Castro‐Longoria Ernestina , Juarez‐Moreno Karla
Published: September 2024

Nanotechnology is emerging as a promising tool to enhance traditional cancer treatments due to rising chemotherapy resistance and the severe side effects of toxic drugs. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely acknowledged for their antimicrobial and antiproliferative properties. Given these AgNP characteristics, this research conducts a comprehensive nanotoxicological assessment of strategic combinations involving AgNPs (68 nm) commercial formulation and tamoxifen on MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast tumor cells. Utilizing CompuSyn software, the combination index was determined, revealing a synergistic cytotoxic and antiproliferative effect in AgNPs and tamoxifen combinations (CI < 0.97). Furthermore, this combination impaired cell migration (the scratch zone expanded by over 270%) and significantly increased reactive oxygen species production (up to 96% for MDA‐MB‐231 and 52% for MCF‐7 cells). Surprisingly, the genotoxic effect of these mixtures was minimal (below the allowable genotoxicity index of 1.5). Additionally, both breast tumor cell lines exhibited increased proapoptotic and oxidative stress gene expression following the combined treatment. The internalization of AgNPs into breast cancer cells was observed, enhancing their synergistic antiproliferative effect when combined with tamoxifen. These findings suggest the potential of combining AgNPs with chemotherapeutic agents for innovative studies in oncology therapy.
Cynaropicrin attenuates inflammatory cytokines in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells and ovalbumin‐induced asthmatic mice
Authors: Chen Junyan , Liu Xiaohong
Published: September 2024

This study examines the anti‐inflammatory activity of cynaropicrin against lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro and ovalbumin (OVA)‐challenged asthma in mice. Cynaropicrin's antimicrobial effects were tested on Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes) using the disc diffusion technique. Cytotoxicity was assessed with an (3‐(4, 5‐dimethylthiazolyl‐2)‐2, 5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay. The anti‐inflammatory property was evaluated in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells, while OVA‐challenged asthmatic mice were treated with 10 mg/kg of cynaropicrin. Key inflammatory and antioxidant markers were quantified, and lung histology was examined to confirm therapeutic roles. The antimicrobial studies proved that cynaropicrin effectively inhibited the growth of E. coli and S. pyogenes. Cynaropicrin displayed no cytotoxicity on RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, it significantly inhibited inflammatory cytokine synthesis upon LPS induction. Cynaropicrin treatment decreased the inflammatory cell counts and also suppressed specific allergic markers in OVA‐challenged mice. It also decreased nitric oxide and myeloperoxidase levels and reduced pulmonary edema. Cynaropicrin increased antioxidant levels and decreased proinflammatory cytokines in the asthmatic mice. Lung histological examination confirms the ameliorative potency of cynaropicrin against OVA‐induced asthmatic pulmonary inflammation in mice. Our findings suggest cynaropicrin possesses significant ameliorative potency against allergen‐induced pulmonary inflammation.
Facile heterolytic bond splitting of molecular chlorine upon reactions with Lewis bases: Comparison with ICl and I2
Authors: Pomogaeva Anna V. , Lisovenko Anna S. , Timoshkin Alexey Y.
Published: September 2024

Formation of molecular complexes and subsequent heterolytic halogen‐halogen bond splitting upon reactions of molecular Cl2 with nitrogen‐containing Lewis bases (LB) are computationally studied at M06‐2X/def2‐TZVPD and for selected compounds at CCSD(T)/aug‐cc‐pvtz//CCSD/aug‐cc‐pvtz levels of theory. Obtained results are compared with data for ICl and I2 molecules. Reaction pathways indicate, that in case of Cl2∙LB complexes the activation energies for the heterolytic Cl‐Cl bond splitting are lower than the activation energies of the homolytic splitting of Cl2 molecule into chlorine radicals. The heterolytic halogen splitting of molecular complexes of X2∙Py with formation of [XPy2]+… contact ion pairs in the gas phase is slightly endothermic in case of Cl2 and I2, but slightly exothermic in the case of ICl. Formation of {[ClPy2]+…}2 dimers makes the overall process exothermic. Taking into account that polar solvents favor ionic species, generation of donor‐stabilized Cl+ in the presence of the Lewis bases is expected to be favorable. Thus, in polar solvents the oxidation pathway via donor‐stabilized Cl+ species is viable alternative to the homolytic Cl‐Cl bond breaking.
Biomechanical comparison shows increased stability of an arthroscopic subscapular sling procedure compared to an open Latarjet reconstruction for anterior shoulder instability in specimens with major glenoid bone defect
Authors: Vagstad Terje , Klungsøyr Jan Arild , Bjerknes Christian , Klungsøyr Petter , Skrede Aleksander , Dalen Andreas , Drogset Jon Olav , Myklebust Tor Åge , Hermansen Erland
Published: September 2024

Purpose

Recurrent anterior glenohumeral instability (RASI) is commonly treated with arthroscopic techniques, though their effectiveness in providing stability may diminish in cases of critical glenoid bone loss. This study aimed to compare the stability outcomes and range of motion (ROM) associated with an arthroscopic subscapular sling procedure (SSP), first introduced in 2015.

Methods

Sixteen fresh‐frozen human cadaveric shoulder specimens were biomechanically evaluated in four conditions: native, injured, post‐SSP and post‐LP. Glenohumeral translations were measured under anterior, anteroinferior and inferior loading, while external rotation ROM was assessed in neutral and abducted positions. Testing was conducted using a robotic system for precise force and torque application. Specimens were prepared with a 20% glenoid bone defect and subjected to stability testing sequentially.

Results

The SSP significantly reduced glenohumeral translations compared to LP, particularly under anterior loading in neutral (p < 0.001), external rotation (p = 0.007) and abduction (p < 0.001) positions. Although the SSP demonstrated superior stability in these key positions, it did not consistently outperform the LP across all scenarios, as stability was similar between the two in the abducted and rotated position under anterior loading (p = 0.379). Under anteroinferior loading, the SSP showed comparatively better stability at neutral (p = 0.003) and abduction (p < 0.001), whereas the LP led to greater anteroinferior translations in these same positions (p = 0.002 and p = 0.014, respectively). The SSP outperformed the LP under inferior loading in neutral (p = 0.005) and abduction (p = 0.02) positions, though it did not fully restore stability to native shoulder levels. The SSP maintained ROM similar to native shoulders. LP allowed greater ROM, potentially compromising stability.

Conclusion

The SSP provided greater stability than the open Latarjet in most positions and did not limit ROM, suggesting it could be a viable, less invasive option for managing shoulder instability.

Level of Evidence

Not applicable.
Osteology of the Small‐Sized Hyphessobrycon piabinhas Fowler 1941 (Characiformes, Characidae) With a Discussion on Developmentally Truncated Characters in the Family
Authors: Marinho Manoela Maria Ferreira , De Santana Santos Yasmim , Da Silva José Igor
Published: September 2024

Evolutionary body size decrease has profound consequences for the morphology of an organism. In the evolution of the Characidae, the most species‐rich family of Neotropical fishes, a prominent trend is the reduction of body size. The most typical effect is the simplification and reduction of morphological features through terminal deletion processes, resulting in the loss of skeletal elements and structures. To provide further information on the matter, we present a detailed description of the skeleton of Hyphessobrycon piabinhas, a poorly known, small representative of the largest genus of Characidae. We further discuss the identity and phylogenetic relationships of H. piabinhas. It belongs to the subfamily Stethaprioninae and exhibits considerable morphological similarity to other congeners from neighboring drainage systems. We identify several morphological simplifications in H. piabinhas and discuss them based on ontogenetic data available for Characiformes. These developmentally truncated elements are also present in many other small representatives of the family and seem to be among the first morphological modifications to occur in the context of body size reduction of Characidae. We argue that structural losses are not strictly correlated with sizes below 26 mm SL, although the most notable simplifications are typically observed in the miniatures.
Reversion of neurovirulent mutations, recombination and high intra‐host diversity in vaccine‐derived poliovirus excreted by patients with primary immune deficiency
Authors: Ben Salem Imene , Khemiri Haifa , Drechsel Oliver , Arbi Marwa , Böttcher Sindy , Mekki Najla , Ben Fraj Ilhem , Souiai Oussama , Yahyaoui Mahrez , Ben Farhat Essia , Meddeb Zina , Touzi Henda , Ben Mustapha Imene , BenKahla Alia , Ouederni Monia , Barbouche Mohamed‐R. , Diedrich Sabine , Triki Henda , Haddad‐Boubaker Sondes
Published: September 2024

Patients with Primary immunodeficiency (PIDs) may be infected by Polioviruses (PVs), especially when vaccinated with live Oral Polio Vaccine before diagnosis. They may establish long‐term shedding of divergent strains and may act as reservoirs of PV transmission. This study delved into the effect of the genetic evolution of complete PV genomes, from MHC class II‐deficient patients, on the excretion duration and clinical outcomes. Stool samples from three PID patients underwent analysis for PV detection through inoculation on cell culture and real‐time PCR, followed by VP1 partial sequencing and full genome sequencing using the Illumina technology. Our findings revealed a low number of mutations for one patient who cleared the virus, while two exhibited a high intra‐host diversity favoring the establishment of severe outcomes. Neurovirulence‐reverse mutations were detected in two patients, possibly leading to paralysis development. Furthermore, a recombination event, between type 3 Vaccine‐Derived Poliovirus and Sabin‐like1 (VDPV3/SL1), occurred in one patient. Our findings have suggested an association between intra‐host diversity, recombination, prolonged excretion of the virus, and emergence of highly pathogenic strains. Further studies on intra‐host diversity are crucial for a better understanding of the virus evolution as well as for the success of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative.
Israeli neonatal herpes simplex infection: Unique epidemiology and clinical profile
Authors: Lagziel Tal Golan , Jurkowicz Menucha , Gordon Oren , Mor Merav , Megged Orli , Nasrallah Elias , Jacob Ron , Melamed Rimma , Blustein Shani Levin , Tasher Diana , Guri Alex , Regev Asaf , Linder Ilan , Brosh‐Nissimov Tal , Bamberger Ellen , Lavy Ronni Gur , Lipman‐Arens Shelly , Shehadeh Shereen , Farah Hanna , Stein Michal
Published: September 2024

Neonatal herpes simplex virus (NHSV) infection, although rare, is related to high rates of morbidity and mortality, both can be reduced by prompt acyclovir treatment. In contrast, enterovirus is a common cause of neonatal meningitis, with relatively negligible incidence of serious illness or long‐term sequelae, and its clinical course is not affected by acyclovir treatment. Acyclovir is associated predominantly with renal adverse effects, and its widespread application in the context of neonatal fever is not always justified. To further characterized the Israeli NHSV infection epidemiology and to evaluate the distinct clinical characteristics of NHSV and neonatal enteroviral meningitis (NEM), Israeli NHSV patients, hospitalized between January 2015 and April 2022 in 22 medical centers were assessed, together with NEM patients, hospitalized at Sheba Medical Center during the same period. NHSV demographic and clinical characteristics were documented and compared to those of NEM. Eighty‐five NHSV (73% males) and 130 NEM (62% males) patients were included. The incidence of NHSV was 5.9/100 000 live births, the common phenotype and HSV type were SEM (53%) and HSV1 (91%), respectively. Horizontal transmission was suspected in 50% cases (of which 67% underwent a Jewish ritual circumcision with direct wound sucking, 33% had relatives with highly suspicious herpetic lesions). Compared with NEM, NHSV tends to present with rash (14% vs. 60%, p < 0.01) and seizures (0% vs. 6%, p = 0.02), while fever, irritability and poor feeding appear more frequently in NEM (94% vs. 18%, p < 0.01; 37% vs. 1%, p < 0.01; 25% vs. 1%, p < 0.01, respectively). Of NEM patients, 28% were treated with acyclovir. Our results mark a decrease in the incidence rate of NHSV in Israel and a prominent mode of horizontal infection acquisition. We underscore the unique localized phenotype of NHSV, in contrast to enterovirus, which tends to cause a systemic disease with constitutional symptoms. These findings should be considered when evaluating the need for comprehensive empirical treatment for HSV in the context of neonatal fever, or according to a certain clinical presentation.
Fed‐batch fermentation strategy for efficient welan gum production by Sphingomonas sp. FM01
Authors: Liu Hui , He Hailin , Wei Lulu , Lei Yinfeng , Liu Mengyu , Ding Yifei , Su Xiaochun , Wang Jinxuan , Yang Jian , Li Shubo
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND

As a novel type of extracellular polysaccharide produced by Sphingomonas sp., welan gum has been widely applied in various fields because of its excellent properties. The study has improved the fermentation process.

Results

The initial sucrose concentration, temperature and stirring speed were set to 20 g L−1, 33 °C and 400 rpm, respectively, and 13.3 g L−1 sucrose was added at 24, 40 and 56 h. The temperature and stirring speed were then set at 28 °C and 600 rpm from 24 to 48 h and 28 °C and 600 rpm from 48 to 72 h, respectively. As a result, welan gum production, dry cell weight, sucrose conversion rate and viscosity were correspondingly increased to 38.60 g L−1, 5.47 g L−1, 0.64 g g−1 and 3779 mPa·s, respectively. In addition, the mechanism by which fermentation strategy promotes welan gum synthesis was investigated by transcriptome analysis.

CONCLUSION

Improving respiration and ATP supply, reducing unnecessary protein synthesis, and alleviating competition between cell growth and welan gum synthesis contribute to promoting the fermentation performance of Sphingomonas sp., thus providing a practical strategy for efficient welan gum production. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
How Does the Green and Non‐Green Star Moderate the Effect of Hotel Environmental Strategy on Sustainable Awareness and Green Employee Behavior?
Authors: Yayla Ozgur , Keles Huseyin , Silik Cemal Ersin , Akbulut Cemile
Published: September 2024

The objective of this research is to determine the effects of hotel environmental strategies on sustainable awareness perception and green employee behavior in the hospitality industry. The moderator role of the green star practices in the relationships between the variables has also been searched. The study data have been obtained from the employees of five‐star hotels in Antalya, Türkiye. SPSS package program and Smart PLS were preferred in examining the relationships. As a result, significant relationships have been determined, and the green star practices moderate the relationship between them. Besides, the moderator role of green star practices has been analyzed, and this is the main difference of this research from the other hospitality studies in the literature. In the light of the research results, it can be stated that hotel business managers should empower their employees on green behaviors by increasing their motivation for a sustainable hospitality sector.
Medical Tourism Attribute Competitiveness: An Importance–Performance Analysis
Authors: Jalilian Habib , Khodayari‐Zarnaq Rahim , Rahmani Hojjat , Torkzadeh Leila
Published: September 2024

This study aimed to analyze the performance of medical tourism in Iran using importance–performance analysis (IPA). In this cross‐sectional study, five hundred ninety‐six medical tourists from West Asian countries (Iraq, Azerbaijan, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Syria, Lebanon, Oman, Saudi Arabia, and Yemen) referring to health centers to receive medical services in Iran in 2020 were recruited. A standard IPA questionnaire was used for data collection. IP gaps were negative in all three attributes (medical treatments and service attributes, destination attributes, and tourism‐specific attributes). Respondents attached the highest importance to medical treatments and service attributes. The highest IP gap was related to medical treatments and service attributes. The results highlighted that the Iranian tourism industry is not performing well in many areas. Tourism managers and stakeholders should adopt useful strategies for improving those areas with high importance and low performance.
Assessing Clinical Variables Associated With Femoral Muscle Decay as Measured by Point‐of‐Care Ultrasound in Critically Ill Children
Authors: Kim Esther J. , Wai Kitman , Pedoeim Leah , Basu Sonali
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Skeletal muscle wasting is a common occurrence in critical illness, often resulting in intensive care unit (ICU)‐acquired weakness. This study aims to identify clinical factors associated with muscle decay in mechanically ventilated critically ill children. Utilizing point‐of‐care ultrasound, a noninvasive and cost‐effective tool, we assess muscle decay through ultrasound of the quadriceps femoris.

Methods

A prospective observational study was conducted in a single‐center quaternary‐care pediatric intensive care unit at a children's hospital. A convenience sample of 103 sedated and mechanically ventilated patients were enrolled in this study. Ultrasound measurements of quadriceps femoris muscle thickness were taken, and daily muscle decay rates were calculated. Demographic, clinical, and outcome data were analyzed for correlations with muscle decay.

Results

Among the enrolled patients, 67 had repeat measurements. Muscle thickness change aligned with prior studies, with a mean daily change of −1.9% [IQR −0.8, −5.0]. Adequate cumulative caloric intake (>60% of goal) correlated with less muscle decay compared with inadequate intake (−1.8 vs −2.4%, P < .001). Average daily muscle change correlated with both ICU and hospital length of stay (LOS) (r = .328, P = .007 and r = .393, P = .001). No significant correlations emerged between muscle change and mortality, disease severity, fluid balance, early mobilization, steroid exposure, or sedative and paralytic use.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates early and frequent muscle decay in critically ill children, as detected by point‐of‐care ultrasound. Average daily muscle decay was associated with longer ICU and hospital LOS. Adequate cumulative caloric intake is linked to reduced muscle decay. These findings contribute to understanding muscle wasting in critically ill pediatric patients.
High accuracy in lower limb alignment analysis using convolutional neural networks, with improvements needed for joint‐level metrics
Authors: Hoffmann Christof , Göksu Fatih , Klöpfer‐Krämer Isabella , Watrinet Julius , Blum Philipp , Hungerer Sven , Schröter Steffen , Stuby Fabian , Augat Peter , Fürmetz Julian
Published: September 2024

Objective

Evaluation of long‐leg standing radiographs (LSR) is a standardised procedure for analysis of primary or secondary deformities of the lower limbs. Deep‐learning convolutional neural networks (CNN) offer the potential to enhance radiological measurement by increasing reproducibility and accuracy. This study aims to evaluate the measurement accuracy of an automated CNN‐based planning tool (mediCAD® 7.0; mediCAD Hectec GmbH) of lower limb deformities.

Methods

In a retrospective single‐centre study, 164 pre‐ and postoperative bilateral LSRs with uni‐ or bilateral posttraumatic knee arthritis undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA) were enroled. Alignment parameters relevant to knee arthroplasty and deformity correction were analysed independently by two observers and a CNN. The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate the accuracy between observers and the CNN, which was further evaluated using absolute deviations, limits of agreement (LoA) and root mean square error (RMSE).

Results

CNN evaluation demonstrated high consistency in measuring leg length (ICC > 0.99) and overall lower limb alignment measures of mechanical tibio‐femoral angle (mTFA) (ICC > 0.97; RMSE < 1.1°). The mean absolute difference between angular measurements were low for overall lower limb alignment (mTFA 0.49–0.61°) and high for specific joint angles (aMPFA 3.86–4.50°). Accuracy at specific joint angles like the mechanical proximal tibial angle (MPTA) and the mechanical lateral distal femur angle (mLDFA) varied between lower limbs with deformity, with and without TKA with greatest difference for TKA (ICC 0.22–0.85; RMSE 1.72–3.65°).

Conclusion

Excellent accuracy was observed between manual and automated measurements for overall alignment and leg length, but joint‐level metrics need further improvement especially in case of TKA similar to other existing algorithms. Despite the observed deviations, the time‐efficient nature of the algorithm improves the efficiency of the preoperative planning process.

Level of Evidence

IV
Significance of Incidental Thyroid Findings in a Large Community‐based Lung Cancer Screening Cohort
Authors: Bertoni Dylan , Schlegel Lauren , Gillmore Kathleen , Brill‐Edwards Madeleine , Armache Maria , Cottrill Elizabeth
Published: September 2024

Objectives

Investigate incidental findings of neck pathology on lung cancer screening computer tomography scans and determine clinical relevance in a population of heavy smokers.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted utilizing a database of patients who underwent a chest computed tomography (CT) through a robust community‐based hospital lung cancer screening program in 2019 and 2020. Demographics, medical history, imaging reports, and any pathology results were analyzed.

Results

A total of 1738 patients received a lung screening scan during the study period. The median age of the patient population was 64 (range: 50–79), 886 (51%) were male, and 1599 (92%) were Caucasian. Ninety‐four (5.4%) were found to have neck findings on their CT report, including thyroid nodules, calcifications, heterogeneity or enlargements, pathologic appearing lymph nodes, or parathyroids. Forty‐two patients had evidence of follow‐up for their thyroid findings, and three of these ultimately underwent surgical intervention.

Conclusion

The results of our study demonstrate that lung cancer screening chest scans can discover clinically relevant findings in the neck. The risks and benefits of screening needs to be thoroughly evaluated. Given the relatively low incidence of findings in this population, a prospective study in conjunction with screening questionnaire for symptoms may increase the yield of incidental findings.

Level of Evidence

3 Laryngoscope, 135:964–968, 2025
Oat/Soybean Intercropping Reshape the Soil Bacterial Community for Enhanced Nutrient Cycling
Authors: Ma Huaiying , Zhou Jie , Ge Junyong , Zamanian Kazem , Wang Xingyu , Yang Yadong , Zeng Zhaohai , Zhao Baoping , Hu Yuegao , Zang Huadong
Published: September 2024

Intercropping, particularly within legume‐based systems, has been shown to enhance yields and optimize resource use efficiency. Yet, the potential contribution of intercropping on soil microbial communities and functions to soil nutrients cycling are not fully understood. We conducted the same field experiments at Youyu (Site1) and Zhangbei (Site2) in Northern China to evaluate the impact of oat/soybean intercropping on the rhizosphere soil bacterial community structure, composition, and co‐occurrence networks. Our results indicated that intercropping significantly modified the bacterial community structure for both oat and soybean at Site1, with changes observed only in the oat community at Site2. Specifically, intercropping led to a substantial increase in the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes and Patescibacteria in the oat rhizosphere by 48.3% and 65.4% (Site1), respectively. Conversely, in the soybean rhizosphere at Site1, there was a notable decrease in the abundance of Patescibacteria and Nitrospirae by 32.4% and 40.0%, respectively. The soil bacterial functional groups demonstrated robust positive correlations with key soil parameters such as available nitrogen (Nmin), available phosphorus (Avail‐P), and the activities of nitrogen‐ and phosphorus‐acquiring enzymes in the rhizosphere. In conclusion, intercropping is an effective agricultural practice for enhancing nitrogen and phosphorus cycling by reshaping the soil bacterial community, offering a distinct advantage over monoculture practices. This insight underscores the potential of intercropping to foster sustainable soil nutrient management, highlighting the importance of integrating such practices into modern agricultural strategies to ensure long‐term productivity and environmental sustainability.
Tunable Spectral Emission from 0D Rb3ZnBr5 Crystals for Single‐Component Multi‐Color LED Applications
Authors: Chen Xi , Lu Zehan , Pan Yuexiao , Ding Yihong , Lian Hongzhou , Lin Jun , Li Liyi
Published: September 2024

The development of efficient, stable, and cost‐effective luminescent materials is crucial for advancing lighting and display technologies. In this study, a series of tunable luminescent materials based on the novel 0D all‐inorganic perovskite (AIP) crystal Rb₃ZnBr₅ (RZB) is obtained. The emission of Sn2⁺ doped RZB spans the entire visible light range and extends into the near‐infrared (NIR) region, achieving a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 75%. The distinct lifetimes combined with theoretical calculations, indicate that the broadband dual‐peak emissions at 496 and 636 nm originate from the singlet and triplet states of Sn2⁺, respectively, which is rarely observed in Sn2⁺‐doped perovskite crystals. The phosphor RZB:Sn2⁺ demonstrates the high thermal stability, along with excellent moisture and air stability. Co‐doping RZB with Sn2⁺ and Mn2⁺ broadens the excitation spectrum and allows precise control over the excitation wavelength, facilitating dynamic transitions from warm white to yellow and green light. This feature is particularly beneficial for multicolor LEDs and multi‐level anti‐counterfeiting applications.
Use of Optical Coherence Tomography to Assess Properties of Cutaneous Defects Following Radiofrequency Microneedling and Laser Treatment
Authors: Seiger Kira , Driscoll William , Messele Feben , Golbari Nicole M. , Fan Xiying , Holmes Jon , Zachary Christopher B.
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To characterize the properties of cutaneous defects created by energy‐based devices using optical coherence tomography.

Materials and Methods

Radiofrequency (RF) microneedling and non‐ablative fractional laser (NAFL) treatment were performed in vivo with various parameters. Following treatment, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to image and measure cutaneous defects at multiple time points over a 24 h period.

Results

Channel‐like cutaneous defects were visible with OCT following bipolar RF microneedling and NAFL treatment. Using a double pulse technique with RF microneedling yielded a greater number of defects visible with OCT, as well as defects that were deeper and more durable over time. Following treatment with 1927 nm thulium fiber laser, the average diameter of the defects was greater when the energy level was 20 mJ as compared to 10 mJ (0.33 mm vs. 0.27 mm, p < 0.01).

Conclusions

Cutaneous defects were observed following both RF microneedling and NAFL treatment. Properties of the cutaneous defects varied based on device, treatment setting, and technique, which may be useful in guiding further study of device‐assisted drug delivery.
A note on the cardinality of definable families of sets in o‐minimal structures
Authors: Andújar Guerrero Pablo
Published: September 2024

We prove that any definable family of subsets of a definable infinite set in an o‐minimal structure has cardinality at most . We derive some consequences in terms of counting definable types and existence of definable topological spaces.
Zwitterionic Amino‐Acid‐Derived Polyacrylamides with a Betaine Twist – Synthesis and Characterization
Authors: De Breuck Jonas , Jérôme Valérie , Freitag Ruth , Leiske Meike N.
Published: September 2024

Amino‐acid‐derived polyzwitterions and polybetaines (PBs) are two promising alternatives to non‐ionic polymers, for example, to increase tumor permeability. In this study, amino‐acid‐derived polyzwitterions are synthesized and a strategy to quarternize the amine in the side chain functional group is developed to combine the advantages of both types. The functional monomer is polymerized via reversible addition−fragmentation chain‐transfer polymerization for which a kinetic study is performed. Further, the impact of the permanent positive charge on amino‐acid‐derived polyzwitterions is studied based on two zwitterionic polymers obtained via post‐polymerization modification (PPM) of Poly(N‐acryloxysuccinimide) to allow good comparison between methylated and non‐methylated polymers. Circular dichroism shows that the stereocenter remains intact during PPM. pH titration and ζ‐potential measurements show that the methylated polymer has a negative ζ‐potential over the measured pH range and, therefore, the polymer remains zwitterionic over a broader pH range than its non‐methylated equivalent. Both polymers are well tolerated by mammalian cells up to concentrations of 1 mg mL−1. The study introduces a path to a new polymer class that combines the advantages of both PBs and amino‐acid‐derived polyzwitterions and highlights the impact a permanent charge has on the physiochemical properties.
The effects of stress on gut virome: Implications on infectious disease and systemic disorders
Authors: Talarico Francesca , Tilocca Bruno , Spagnuolo Rocco , Abenavoli Ludovico , Luzza Francesco , Roncada Paola
Published: September 2024

The role of gut microbiota in health and disease is being thoroughly examined in various contexts, with a specific focus on the bacterial fraction due to its significant abundance. However, despite their lower abundance, viruses within the gut microbiota are gaining recognition for their crucial role in shaping the structure and function of the intestinal microbiota, with significant effects on the host as a whole, particularly the immune system. Similarly, environmental factors such as stress are key in modulating the host immune system, which in turn influences the composition of the gut virome and neurological functions through the bidirectional communication of the gut–brain axis. In this context, alterations in the host immune system due to stress and/or dysbiosis of the gut virome are critical factors in the development of both infectious and noninfectious diseases. The molecular mechanisms and correlation patterns between microbial species are not yet fully understood. This literature review seeks to explore the interconnected relationship between stress and the gut virome, with a focus on how this interaction is influenced by the host's immune system. We also discuss how disturbances in this finely balanced system can lead to the onset and/or progression of diseases.
The cutting‐edge progress in bioprinting for biomedicine: principles, applications, and future perspectives
Authors: Liu Shuge , Chen Yating , Wang Zhiyao , Liu Minggao , Zhao Yundi , Tan Yushuo , Qu Zhan , Du Liping , Wu Chunsheng
Published: September 2024

Bioprinting is a highly promising application area of additive manufacturing technology that has been widely used in various fields, including tissue engineering, drug screening, organ regeneration, and biosensing. Its primary goal is to produce biomedical products such as artificial implant scaffolds, tissues and organs, and medical assistive devices through software‐layered discrete and numerical control molding. Despite its immense potential, bioprinting technology still faces several challenges. It requires concerted efforts from researchers, engineers, regulatory bodies, and industry stakeholders are principal to overcome these challenges and unlock the full potential of bioprinting. This review systematically discusses bioprinting principles, applications, and future perspectives while also providing a topical overview of research progress in bioprinting over the past two decades. The most recent advancements in bioprinting are comprehensively reviewed here. First, printing techniques and methods are summarized along with advancements related to bioinks and supporting structures. Second, interesting and representative cases regarding the applications of bioprinting in tissue engineering, drug screening, organ regeneration, and biosensing are introduced in detail. Finally, the remaining challenges and suggestions for future directions of bioprinting technology are proposed and discussed.

Bioprinting is one of the most promising application areas of additive manufacturing technology that has been widely used in various fields. It aims to produce biomedical products such as artificial implant scaffolds, tissues and organs, and medical assistive devices. This review systematically discusses bioprinting principles, applications, and future perspectives, which provides a topical description of the research progress of bioprinting.