bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dome-arrayed chitosan/PVA hydrogel-based solar evaporator for steam generation
Authors: Zhu Minyue , Liu Xiaojie , Tian Yanpei , Caratenuto Andrew , Chen Fangqi , Zheng Yi
Published: March 2022

Water evaporation systems with solar energy as the primary driving energy have received extensive attention in recent years. This work studies the preparation method and performance of hydrogel evaporators using chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as a framework and carbon nanoparticles (CNPs) as the photothermal material. The evaporation rate of CPC (chitosan/PVA and CNPs) hydrogel obtained reaches 2.28 kg m−2 h−1. Simultaneously, a three-dimensional structure is designed based on the two-dimensional double-layer evaporation system in this study. An evaporator with a tiny-pool structure and a hydrogel with a dome-arrayed structure is designed. These two structures achieve highly efficient evaporation rates of 2.28 kg m−2 h−1 and 3.80 kg m−2 h−1, respectively. These optimized designs improve the evaporation rate of the overall system by ~ 66.7%. The developed evaporation devices provide a promising pathway for developing the double-layer evaporators, which promote the new development of water purification with a solar-driven evaporation system.
Analysis of treatment pattern of anti-dementia medications in newly diagnosed Alzheimer’s dementia using OMOP CDM
Authors: Byun JungHyun , Lee Dong Yun , Jeong Chang-Won , Kim Yerim , Rhee Hak Young , Moon Ki Won , Heo Jeongwon , Hong Yoonki , Kim Woo Jin , Nam Seung-Joo , Choi Hoon Sung , Park Ji In , Chun In Kook , Bak So Hyeon , Lee Kyoungyul , Byeon Gi Hwan , Kim Kyoung Lae , Kim Jeong-Ah , Park Young Joo , Kim Jeong Hyun , Lee Eun ju , Lee Sang-Ah , Kwon Sung Ok , Park Sang-Won , Kasani Payam Hosseinzadeh , Kim Jung-Kyeom , Kim Yeshin , Kim Seongheon , Jang Jae-Won
Published: March 2022

Anti-dementia medications are widely prescribed to patients with Alzheimer’s dementia (AD) in South Korea. This study investigated the pattern of medical management in newly diagnosed patients with AD using a standardized data format—the Observational Medical Outcome Partnership Common Data Model from five hospitals. We examined the anti-dementia treatment patterns from datasets that comprise > 5 million patients during 2009–2019. The medication utility information was analyzed with respect to treatment trends and persistence across 11 years. Among the 8653 patients with newly diagnosed AD, donepezil was the most commonly prescribed anti-dementia medication (4218; 48.75%), followed by memantine (1565; 18.09%), rivastigmine (1777; 8.98%), and galantamine (494; 5.71%). The rising prescription trend during observation period was found only with donepezil. The treatment pathways for the three cholinesterase inhibitors combined with N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist were different according to the drugs (19.6%; donepezil; 28.1%; rivastigmine, and 17.2%; galantamine). A 12-month persistence analysis showed values of approximately 50% for donepezil and memantine and approximately 40% for rivastigmine and galantamine. There were differences in the prescribing pattern and persistence among anti-dementia medications from database using the Observational Medical Outcome Partnership Common Data Model on the Federated E-health Big Data for Evidence Renovation Network platform in Korea.
Single polymeric microfiber waveguide platform for sensitive detection and discrimination of DNA methylation
Authors: Yang Kexin , Feng Xiaohui , Yu Gaoyuan , Han Wenjie , Liu Funing , Xie Yifan , Zhang Hongli , Yu Yue , Zou Gang
Published: March 2022

A novel sensitive detection platform for p16 and p16 methylation based on a single polymeric fluorescent microfiber waveguide with sandwich-structured hybridization designs.
Fundamental electronic changes upon intersystem crossing in large aromatic photosensitizers: free base 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-carboxylatophenyl)porphyrin
Authors: Büchner Robby , Vaz da Cruz Vinícius , Grover Nitika , Charisiadis Asterios , Fondell Mattis , Haverkamp Robert , Senge Mathias O. , Föhlisch Alexander
Published: March 2022

The crucial transient states of free-base porphyrins are characterized by time-resolved X-ray absorption spectroscopy unraveling their unusual relaxation pathway.
Enhanced HClO production from chloride by dual cocatalyst loaded WO3 under visible light
Authors: Pang Rui , Miseki Yugo , Sayama Kazuhiro
Published: March 2022

Photocatalytic production of HClO was improved more than twice by co-loading of Mn compared to the standard Pt/WO3.
Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide modulates the M1/M2 polarization of macrophages linked to the Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Li Teng , Zhang Yan-Song , Wan Min , Wu Wei , Yao Yu-Fei , Li Wen-Juan
Published: March 2022

Schematic mechanism of Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide (PSG-1) rebuilding the classically activated (M1) and alternatively activated (M2) macrophage polarization balance.
Self-standing porous carbon electrodes for lithium–oxygen batteries under lean electrolyte and high areal capacity conditions
Authors: Saengkaew Jittraporn , Kameda Takashi , Ono Manai , Matsuda Shoichi
Published: March 2022

Self-standing porous carbon electrodes mainly composed of mesopores with a three-dimensional hexagonal array exhibited superior lithium–oxygen battery performance under low electrolyte/areal capacity (E/C < 10 g A−1 h−1) conditions.
Performance-oriented multistage design for multi-principal element alloys with low cost yet high efficiency
Authors: Li Jia , Xie Baobin , Li Li , Liu Bin , Liu Yong , Shaysultanov Dmitry , Fang Qihong , Stepanov Nikita , Liaw Peter K.
Published: March 2022

A highly effectiveand environmentally friendly material design strategy is proposed through a novel machine learning approach integrating physical laws and mathematical model to develop MPEAs with a high strength yet good ductility.
Two-step pyrolysis of Mn MIL-100 MOF into MnO nanoclusters/carbon and the effect of N-doping
Authors: Hu Yating , Song Chi , Li Changjian , Wang John
Published: March 2022

A two-step pyrolysis of Mn MIL-100 MOF, from which MnO nanoclusters/carbon are obtained, is discovered through various in situ techniques.
Sulfur incorporation modulated absorption kinetics and electron transfer behavior for nitrogen rich porous carbon nanotubes endow superior aqueous zinc ion storage capability
Authors: Li Jie , Yu Lai , Wang Wentao , He Xiaoyue , Wang Gongrui , Liu Rong , Ma Xinyi , Zhang Genqiang
Published: March 2022

Sulfur incorporation into nitrogen rich porous carbon nanotubes can effectively modulate the absorption kinetics and electron transfer behavior, delivering high energy density and power density, along with an ultralong lifespan up to 25 000 cycles.
Distinction of charge transfer and Frenkel excitons in pentacene tracedviainfrared spectroscopy
Authors: Pinterić Marko , Roh Seulki , Hammer Sebastian , Pflaum Jens , Dressel Martin , Uykur Ece
Published: March 2022

The vibrational anomalies of pentacene molecules have been investigated in conjunction with the high-energy excitonic features. Self-trapped excitons have been distinguished from the others.
A new method for broadening the detection range of immunoassay and its application in β-hCG quantitative detection
Authors: Zhang Bei , Guo Miao , Zhang Tianjie , Liu Dandan , Tan Xin , Li Xue , Yu Yang , Li Huiqiang
Published: March 2022

The combination of two solid-phase monoclonal antibodies with different affinities allows the antibodies to act selectively according to the concentration of β-hCG in the sample, thus ensuring sensitivity and broadening the detection range.
Hierarchical self-assembly induced supramolecular polymer helical nanowires with white circularly polarized luminescence
Authors: Qiu Shuai , Gao Zhao , Song Xin , Hu Xiao , Yuan Hongxing , Tian Wei
Published: March 2022

Novel white circularly polarized luminescent supramolecular helical nanowires, based on time-dependent hierarchical self-assembly of supramolecular coordination polymers, have been successfully constructed.
Reply to the ‘Comment on Cage occupancy of methane clathrate hydrates in the ternary H2O–NH3–CH4 system’ by S. Alavi and J. Ripmeester, Chem. Commun., 2022, 58, DOI: 10.1039/D1CC06526B
Authors: Choukroun Mathieu , Petuya Claire , Vu Tuan H. , Desmedt Arnaud , Davies Ashley Gerard , Sotin Christophe
Published: March 2022

Our recent Communication suggested that ammonia in aqueous solution may preferentially destabilize large cages in methane clathrate hydrates.
Solvatochromism and the effect of solvent on properties in a two-dimensional coordination polymer of cobalt-trimesate
Authors: Zacharias Savannah C. , Ramon Gaëlle , Bourne Susan A.
Published: March 2022

A 2D coordination polymer can exchange guest species from liquid sorption, with accompanying visible colour changes.
Engineering of platinum–oxygen vacancy interfacial sites in confined catalysts for enhanced hydrogenation selectivity
Authors: Xiong Mi , Wang Guofu , Zhao Shichao , Lv Zhengxing , Xing Shuangfeng , Zhang Jianyuan , Zhang Bianqin , Qin Yong , Gao Zhe
Published: March 2022

Confined TiO2/Pt-700-Ar with rich Pt–Ov interfacial sites exhibits superior p-ABC selectivity compared with confined TiO2/Pt and unconfined Pt/TiO2-700-Ar with poor Pt–Ov interfacial sites.
Chiral wheel anions of copper(ii)-early lanthanides(iii) with high optical-limiting properties
Authors: Xu Xiongli , He Yuan , Meng Wei , Yao Lu , Liu Liangliang , Zhao Chujun , Xu Feng
Published: March 2022

A new family of chiral anions {Cu22Ln4} (La, Ce, Pr, Nd and Sm) with aesthetically beautiful wheel structures was obtained. It was found that these compounds, {Cu22Sm4} in particular, exhibit remarkable optical-limiting properties.
One-step fabrication of Cu-based metal organic framework multilayer core–shell microspheres for efficiently catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Liu Ping , Wang Jia , Bai Jie , Ma Yifei , Lu Sihan , Ma Nini , Chao Shujun
Published: March 2022

Cu based metal organic framework multilayer core–shell microspheres (Cu-MOF-MCSMSs) have been designed and fabricated by a simple one-step solvothermal method. Cu-MOF-MCSMSs exhibit high oxygen reduction reaction performance in alkaline media.
AIn4S6Cl (A = Rb and Cs) and Pb5Sn3Q10Cl2 (Q = S and Se): quaternary chalcohalides with mixed anionic coordination exhibit photocurrent responses
Authors: Jiang Lin-Tao , Li Ming-Ze , Jiang Xiao-Ming , Liu Bin-Wen , Guo Guo-Cong
Published: March 2022

AIn4S6Cl (A = Rb and Cs) and Pb5Sn3Q10Cl2 (Q = S and Se) were obtained by the halide salt flux method. They feature mixed-anionic structure units with cations coordinated by aliovalent anions and exhibit significant photocurrent responses.
Hybrid lanthanide double-deckers based on calixarene and polyoxometalate units
Authors: Jiao Yushu , Sanz Sergio , Izarova Natalya V. , van Leusen Jan , Sarwar Sidra , Dalgarno Scott J. , Brechin Euan K. , Kögerler Paul
Published: March 2022

Alkylated calix[4]arene and polyoxomolybdate ligands encapsulate rare earth ions in C2v-symmetric environments, leading to SIM characteristics for the Dy3+ derivative.
Organocatalyzed trifunctionalization of alkynyl 1,2-diones for the concise synthesis of acyloxy allylidene malonates and γ-alkylidenebutenolides
Authors: Chen Li , Niu Shengtong , Lan Shouang , Liu Wenjun , Yang Shuang , Fang Xinqiang
Published: March 2022

Two unprecedented reactions using alkynyl 1,2-diketones and 1,3-dicarbonyls under phosphine catalysis have been achieved, furnishing a range of acyloxy allylidene malonates and γ-alkylidenebutenolides in good yields with high stereoselectivities.
Electro-hydrogenation of biomass-derived levulinic acid to γ-valerolactone via the magnetic heating of a Ru nanocatalyst
Authors: Gyergyek Sašo , Grilc Miha , Likozar Blaž , Makovec Darko
Published: March 2022

The thermal imbalance between the surface of the Ru catalyst and the bulk liquid medium due to magnetic heating of the catalyst improves the yield of gamma-valerolactone.
The methodologically obtained derivative of ZIF-67 metal–organic frameworks present impressive supercapacitor performance
Authors: Ma Zhengfei , Li Jintao , Ma Rui , He Jie , Song Xintong , Yu Yane , Quan Yongkang , Wang Guorong
Published: March 2022

Oxidation, vulcanization, and phosphorization methods were used to improve the energy storage performance of ZIF-67 in the supercapacitor.
Super-resolution imaging of photogenerated charges on CdS/g-C3N4 heterojunctions and its correlation with photoactivity
Authors: Wu Shuyang , Lee Jinn-Kye , Lim Pei Chong , Xu Rong , Zhang Zhengyang
Published: March 2022

Super-resolution microscopy was used to investigate the distribution of reactive sites and photocatalytic heterogeneity on CdS/g-C3N4 composites at nanometer resolution.
Metal-free oxoammonium salt-mediated C(sp3)–H oxidative Ugi-azide multicomponent reaction
Authors: Lohmann Niklas , Milovanović Vesna , Piekarski Dariusz G. , García Mancheño Olga
Published: March 2022

A one-pot, oxidative Ugi-azide multicomponent reaction mediated by oxoammonium salts is presented. This method provides a direct access to α-tetrazoloN-heterocycles in excellent yields employing simple NaN3as azide source.
Amphiphilic conjugated block copolymers as NIR-bioimaging probes
Authors: Buckinx Axel-Laurenz , Rozario Ashley M. , Bell Toby D. M. , Michels Jasper J. , Junkers Tanja
Published: March 2022

A novel method for creating a semiconducting nanoparticles of the donor–acceptor conjugated polymer p(IDT-NDI) containing indacenodithienothiophene (IDT) and naphthalene diimide (NDI) units is presented.
Computational design of an amidase by combining the best electrostatic features of two promiscuous hydrolases
Authors: Galmés Miquel À. , Nödling Alexander R. , He Kaining , Luk Louis Y. P. , Świderek Katarzyna , Moliner Vicent
Published: March 2022

A computational strategy, based on combining the best electrostatic properties of enzymes with activity on a common reaction, is presented and applied to the re-design of the protein scaffold of an promiscuous esterase to enhance its secondary amidase activity.
Catalytic alkene skeletal modification for the construction of fluorinated tertiary stereocenters
Authors: Jiang Liyin , Sarró Pau , Teo Wei Jie , Llop Jordi , Suero Marcos G.
Published: March 2022

We report a previously unknown disconnection approach to valuable fluorinated tertiary stereocenters based on the skeletal modification of 1,1-disubstituted alkenes by a Rh-catalyzed carbyne transfer.
Fabrication of dual anti-corrosive polyaniline microcapsules via Pickering emulsion for active corrosion protection of steel
Authors: Pan Weihao , Dong Jiahao , Gui Taijiang , Liu Ren , Liu Xiaoya , Luo Jing
Published: March 2022

A novel kind of inhibitor-loaded polyaniline (PANI) microcapsule with dual anti-corrosion effects was prepared by Pickering emulsion photopolymerization using polyaniline particles as the Pickering emulsifier.
Concurrently enhanced dielectric properties and energy density in poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based core–shell BaTiO3 nanocomposites via constructing a polar and rigid polymer interfacial layer
Authors: Ding Cuilian , Tang Xinxuan , Yu Shiqi , Chen Sheng , Liu Zijin , Luo Hang , Zhang Dou
Published: March 2022

Two interfacial modifiers were designed to investigate the influence of their chain conformation and band-gap width on the dielectric behavior and energy storage properties of poly(vinylidene fluoride)-based BaTiO3 nanocomposites.
Type II heterojunction promotes photoinduced effects of TiO2 for enhancing photocatalytic performance
Authors: Kuang Xinya , Deng Xiyu , Ma Yiwen , Zeng Jiyang , Zi Baoye , Zhang Yumin , Zhang Jin , Xiao Bin , Liu Qingju
Published: March 2022

Obtaining hydrogen energy from photocatalytic water splitting driven by solar energy is a promising strategy to solve the global energy crisis.
Anti-inflammatory activity of nicotine isolated from Brassica oleracea in rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Rakhecha Bharti , Agnihotri Prachi , Dakal Tikam Chand , Saquib Mohd , Monu  , Biswas Sagarika
Published: March 2022

Objectives: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease, associated with chronic inflammation of synoviocytes. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of RA through pro-inflammatory cytokines. Nicotine, an alkaloid used as herbal medicine, often worked as an anti-inflammatory agent. In the present study, we tried to uncover the anti-inflammatory impact of nicotine against RA.

Materials and methods: Nicotine was isolated from Brassica oleracea, purified by high profile/phase liquid chromatography (HPLC). In-silico docking was carried out using bioinformatics tools SwissADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion), PASS, and Drug-induced Gene Expression Profile (DIGEP)-Pred to determine drug likeliness of nicotine. The in-vitro study was performed in TNFα-induced SW982 synoviocytes by qPCR. mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL6, IL1β) and proteins (TRAF2, P50, P65) were analyzed followed by validation of P65 (RELA), pP65, IkBα by Western blot analysis.

Results: Nicotine compound was extracted from Brassica oleracea and purified by HPLC method (Rt values at 2.67 min). The physicochemical, pharmacokinetic properties and drug-likeliness of nicotine were studied by in-silico analysis. In-vitro studies revealed that nicotine lowers the expression of inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL6, IL1β) and proteins (TNF receptor-associated factor 2 (TRAF2), P50, P65) at 1 µg/ml in TNFα-induced SW982 cells.

Conclusion: Nicotine from natural sources (Brassica oleracea) has been found to be an effective anti- inflammatory compound at a low dosage; thus, identifying the role of nicotine present in the natural sources as a therapeutic option for RA, may be recommended as remedial drug instead of synthetic drug.
Practice-Related Predictors of Semantic Feature Verification Treatment for Aphasia
Authors: Cavanaugh Robert , Quique Yina M. , Dickey Michael Walsh , Hula William D. , Boss Emily , Evans William S.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

Specifying the active ingredients in aphasia interventions can inform treatment theory and improve clinical implementation. This secondary analysis examined three practice-related predictors of treatment response in semantic feature verification (SFV) treatment. We hypothesized that (a) successful feature verification practice would be associated with naming outcomes if SFV operates similarly to standard feature generation semantic feature analysis and (b) successful retrieval practice would be associated with naming outcomes for treated, but not semantically related, untreated words if SFV operates via a retrieval practice–oriented lexical activation mechanism.

Method:

Item-level data from nine participants with poststroke aphasia who received SFV treatment reported in the work of Evans, Cavanaugh, Quique, et al. (2021) were analyzed using Bayesian generalized linear mixed-effects models. Models evaluated whether performance on three treatment components (facilitated retrieval, feature verification, and effortful retrieval) moderated treatment response for treated and semantically related, untreated words.

Results:

There was no evidence for or against a relationship between successful feature verification practice and treatment response. In contrast, there was a robust relationship between the two retrieval practice components and treatment response for treated words only.

Discussion:

Findings were consistent with the second hypothesis: Retrieval practice, but not feature verification practice, appears to be a practice-related predictor of treatment response in SFV. However, treatment components are likely interdependent, and feature verification may still be an active ingredient in SFV. Further research is needed to evaluate the causal role of treatment components on treatment outcomes in aphasia.
Preparedness, Training, and Support for Augmentative and Alternative Communication Telepractice During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Biggs Elizabeth E. , Rossi Elizabeth Burnett , Douglas Sarah N. , Therrien Michelle C. S. , Snodgrass Melinda R.
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The global COVID-19 pandemic brought about widespread use of telepractice to provide services to children with communication disorders, including students who use aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) such as speech-generating devices. This descriptive quantitative study utilized network analysis to investigate the nature of speech-language pathologists' (SLPs') professional resource networks during the pandemic, including what aspects of their professional networks were associated with their confidence to use telepractice to serve students who use aided AAC and whether there were differences for school-based compared to nonschool-based SLPs.

Method:

Participants were 283 SLPs who responded to an online survey that consisted of closed- and open-ended survey items. A resource generator approach was used to gather data about SLPs' professional resource networks for AAC telepractice.

Results:

SLPs varied widely in their confidence for AAC telepractice. School-based SLPs and SLPs who had 3 years or fewer of AAC experience reported lower confidence, whereas SLPs who spent more work time each week using telepractice and who accessed a greater number of different types of training reported higher confidence. The number of people in different roles providing personal support and the number of different electronic/print resources accessed were not significant predictors of SLPs' confidence. The majority of SLPs wanted additional training, support, or resources related to AAC telepractice.

Conclusion:

The findings from this research suggest the importance of SLPs' access to quality training and support in the areas of AAC and telepractice, particularly for school-based SLPs.
Interviews for Graduate Admissions in Communication Sciences and Disorders: Methods From Two CSD Programs
Authors: Carmichael Christine M. , Mandulak Kerry Callahan , Watkins Diana
Published: March 2022

Purpose:

The purpose of this tutorial is to introduce the interview as a complementary component to the holistic process for graduate admissions. To do so, procedural details of two master's degree programs in speech-language pathology are provided that successfully execute two different but effective interview methods for speech-language pathology admissions. Graduate applicant interview processes are used in order to assess the whole applicant at Pacific University's School of Communication Sciences & Disorders and the Woolfolk School of Communication Sciences and Disorders at Our Lady of the Lake University. Other health profession fields have established evidence that demonstrates the utility of graduate admissions interviews for holistic review. This evidence can be used by communication sciences and disorders programs to expand our awareness and knowledge, engage with the limitations, and problem solve solutions to implement and improve interview processes.

Conclusions:

Reviewing applicants beyond test scores, grades, and other traditional components is critical in order to select students who are the best match for any program. A holistic approach to admissions could involve the inclusion of interviews to collect information on the personal qualities of applicants and provide one way to measure noncognitive attributes. Interviews allow for assessment of communication skills, suitability for the program, and applicant strengths not evident in traditional measures. Whatever the chosen method, interviews may be a valuable tool in graduate admissions that can be used in conjunction with traditional test scores and grade point average to predict academic and clinic performance and encourage equitable and inclusive ways of learning about applicants.
Dry reforming of methane by microsecond pulsed dielectric barrier discharge plasma: Optimizing the reactor structures
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Gao Yuan , Sun Hao , Fan Zhe , Shao Tao
Published: March 2022

Dry reforming of CH4 process can convert greenhouse gases into high‐value‐added fuels and chemicals with its broad application prospects in environmental protection and renewable energy. Non‐thermal plasma is considered an effective alternative method because it can activate CH4 and CO2 under low temperature and atmospheric pressure. This paper is aimed to optimize the plasma‐assisted dry reforming of CH4 process in a unipolar microsecond pulsed coaxial dielectric barrier discharge by investigating the effects of reactor structures. The results show that the conversions of reactants and the yields of syngas were significantly affected by the reactor structures. Specifically, a multi‐stage or foil external electrode and negative polar discharge could promote CH4 and CO2 conversions, gas product yields, and energy conversion efficiencies. For different electrodes, the maximal conversions of CH4 and CO2 were 20.4% and 14.1%, with an energy conversion efficiency of 4.4% under our experimental conditions. Higher conversions, yields, and energy conversion efficiencies were obtained with lower power input when applying heat insulation measures. CH4 conversion was promoted to 27.9% with a moderate energy conversion efficiency of 3.8%, but the conversion of CO2 was only 12% when packing materials into the reactor. The results can provide specific guidance for designing plasma or plasma‐catalytic dry reforming reactor.
Multilayer structures and resilience evaluation for multimode regional rail transit system
Authors: Ju Yanni , Yuan Haihua , Li Zongping , Gan Mi , Chen Yufan
Published: March 2022

The integrated travel demand has promoted the interconnection of multimode rail transit. As different rail transit systems are separately modeled, current network and resilience evaluation methods are limited in addressing interconnected characteristics and various travel demands. In this study, a multilayer network was constructed to validly understand the interconnected characteristics of the multimode regional rail transit system (MRRTS). A weighted multilayer regional rail transit network (W‐MRRTN) was presented to describe the travel demands and choices from an overall system perspective. Based on the W‐MRRTN combined with topological and operational features, a novel performance indicator was proposed, explicitly considered travel delays and rerouting. Furthermore, a specific definition, performance‐based metric, and simulation approach for resilience evaluation that characterized the absorptive, adaptive, and restorative capacities, was proposed. The consequences of accumulative and rerouted passengers were expressly considered to quantify the time‐dependent resilience under different disruptions. The proposed framework was applied to MRRTS in Chongqing metropolitan area, China. The results identify the stations with the highest impact on network connectivity and passenger flow, thereby proving the assortative and heterogeneous ability of the network. The comprehensive performance indicator evaluates the system more accurately than that using a single indicator. Moreover, the system under the disruption of 10, 20, and 35 min have no adaptive capacity, indicating that MRRTN is non‐resilient. The development of adaptive capacity can improve system resilience. In addition, attention should be paid to the transfer stations located near the disrupted stations. The methods and results presented in this study can be adopted as a support multimode system by transport planners, managers, and policymakers.
Measurement‐based delay, angular dispersion and propagation loss characteristics of outdoor propagation in beam domain and multi‐beam operation at 38 GHz for 5‐G communication systems
Authors: Cheng Wei‐Chung , Lin Yi‐Qi , Sheen Wern‐Ho , Hsieh Cheng‐Hung , Tarng Jeen‐Hwan , Tsai Zuo‐Min
Published: March 2022

Owing to the global bandwidth shortage in frequency bands below 6 GHz, higher frequency bands such as millimetre‐wave bands will play integral roles in fifth‐generation (5‐G) communication systems. Beamforming is necessary for high‐frequency bands to maintain system coverage and increase system capacity through spatial division multiple access. Moreover, more than one beam might be used simultaneously to enhance signal quality and prevent blockages. Recent studies have investigated, focussed on power loss characteristics in multi‐beam operation, and compared the channel characteristics for single‐beam operation. To provide robust channel characteristics, knowledge of the multipath characteristics in multi‐beam operation is required in the design of 5‐G communication systems. To fill this gap such as the multipath dispersion characteristics of outdoor‐to‐outdoor propagation in delay and angular domains, the present study analysed outdoor data measured at 38 GHz and presented the propagation losses (path losses and shadowing), root‐mean‐square delay spread, and angular spread in multi‐beam operation. We believe that the dispersion statistics (delay and angular spreads) and propagation loss characteristics in multi‐beam operation would be useful in the development of 5‐G communication systems in high‐frequency bands.
The velocity structure of the intracluster medium during a major merger: Simulated microcalorimeter observations
Authors: Biffi Veronica , ZuHone John A. , Mroczkowski Tony , Bulbul Esra , Forman William
Published: March 2022

Major mergers between galaxy clusters can produce large turbulent and bulk flow velocities in the intracluster medium (ICM) and thus imprint useful diagnostic features in X-ray spectral emission lines from heavy ions. As successfully achieved by Hitomi in observations of the Perseus cluster, measurements of gas velocities in clusters from high-resolution X-ray spectra will be achievable with upcoming X-ray calorimeters such as those on board XRISM,Athena, or a Lynx like mission. An interesting application to clusters involves detecting multiple velocity components or velocity gradients from diagnostic observations of specific interesting locations across the cluster. To explore this possibility in the case of a major head-on cluster merger, we performed velocity analyzes of a cluster-cluster merger from a hydrodynamical simulation by means of X-ray synthetic spectra with a spectral resolution on the order of a few eV. We observed the system along two extreme line-of-sight directions: (1) perpendicular to the plane of the merger and (2) along the merger axis. In these geometrical configurations, we found that clear non-Gaussian shapes of the iron He-like Kαline at 6.7 keV are expected. While the velocity dispersion predicted from the simulations can be retrieved for the brightest 100 ks pointings with XRISM Resolve, some discrepancy with respect to the expected value is noted and can be attributed to the complex non-Gaussian line shapes. Measurements in low surface brightness regions, especially when multiple velocity components are present along the line of sight, require high signal-to-noise ratio and the larger collecting area of theAthenaX-IFU calorimeter is therefore required. With the latter, we also investigated the ICM temperature and velocity gradient across the merger bow shock edge, from 20″-wide annuli extracted from a single 1 Ms X-IFU observation. For both temperature and velocity dispersion, we found best-fit values that are consistent with predictions from the simulations within 1-σ. The uncertainties on the inferred velocity dispersion are, however, too large to place any stringent constraints on the shallow gradient downstream of the shock. Additionally, we present simulated images of the thermal and kinetic Sunyaev–Zeldovich effects from this merging system, using the above viewing configurations and compare the results at angular resolutions appropriate for future observatories such as CMB-S4 and the Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST).
Internal structures and magnetic moments of rocky planets
Authors: Rodríguez-Mozos J. M. , Moya A.
Published: March 2022

Context. For a planet to be considered habitable on its surface, it is an important advantage for it to have a magnetic field that protects its atmosphere from stellar winds as well as cosmic rays. The magnetic protection of potentially habitable planets plays a key role in determining the chances of detecting atmospheric biosignatures. In making an estimate of a planet’s magnetic field, its internal structure must first be known.

Aims. This study proposes to use the Preliminary Reference Earth Model (PREM) internal structure as the base of a numerical model, as it is considered the best available option for estimating the internal structure of rocky exoplanets. With this model, we estimate the magnetic properties of dry and water-rich Earth-like and Super-Earth-like planets and we apply it to the first 176 planets of this kind confirmed by the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite exoplanet mission (TESS).

Methods. Using PREM as a reference, we estimated the internal structure of dry and water-rich rocky planets. This model provides an estimation of the average density and core size of the planet, which are the key ingredients for estimating its magnetic moment, depending on whether it is tidally locked or not. Our model estimates the thermodynamic variables as a function of pressure and including saltwater as a component of water-rich exoplanets. In addition, we did not use the perfect layer differentiation approximation. We validated our model based on the selection of planets and satellites in the Solar System with similar characteristics.

Results. Using our model, we estimated the internal structure and magnetic moment of selected dry and water-rich rocky planets and satellites in the Solar system. The differences with the observed values in the internal structure characteristics, mass, average density, moment of inertia factor, and local Rossby number are remarkably low or even negligible. The estimated magnetic moments are also very similar to the observed ones. We applied the model to the first dry and water-rich rocky planets confirmed by TESS, 176 in total, and we find, from an astrobiological perspective, that TOI-700 d and TOI-2257 b are the most interesting examples, as they are located in the habitable zone. However, we note that their magnetic moments are only about 0.01 of the Earth’s magnetic moment.
Nephrotisches Syndrom: Überblick und Basis
Authors: Diefenhardt Paul , Osterholt Thomas , Brinkkötter Paul
Published: March 2022

Was ist neu?

Einteilung der Minimal-Change-Disease und fokalen und segmentalen Glomerulosklerose Das zunehmende Wissen über die verschiedenen Auslöser der MCD und FSGS spiegelt sich in den neuen KDIGO-Leitlinien wider, welche eine klare Einteilung der (MCD und) FSGS in primäre, sekundäre und genetische Ursachen vorsieht. Die korrekte Klassifizierung ist wichtig und hat eine direkte Auswirkung auf die Therapie.

Therapie Die Therapie besteht bei der primären MCD und FSGS weiterhin aus Steroiden oder – bei Nichtansprechen bzw. Kontraindikationen – aus Calcineurin-Inhibitoren, Mycophenolatmofetil oder Cyclophosphamid. Auch Rituximab findet in refraktären Fällen als „Off-Label“ Verwendung. Bei sekundären Formen wird die Grunderkrankung behandelt.

Ausblick Mit Sparsentan befindet sich ein neuer Wirkstoff in der klinischen Testung. Bereits jetzt können SGLT-2-Inhibitoren verschrieben werden, um einen eGFR-Verlust zu minimieren. Die zeitnahe (kinder-)nephrologische Anbindung von Patienten mit MCD/FSGS ist für das Outcome von großer Bedeutung. Durch das nationale FOrMe-Register stehen regionale Experten für die Behandlung der MCD und FSGS zur Verfügung.
Radiofrequenzablation zur Behandlung von malignen
Lebertumoren
Authors: Westphalen Kerstin , Heske Christian
Published: March 2022

Die Radiofrequenzablation von malignen Raumforderungen in der Leber ist ein
minimalinvasiver Eingriff zur perkutanen Tumorbehandlung. Sie ist eine
Therapiemöglichkeit bei Patienten mit Tumoren oder Metastasen.
Während der sonografisch oder CT-gestützten Punktion wird eine
Ablationssonde in die suspekte Raumforderung eingebracht und das Gewebe durch
Wechselstrom erhitzt. Dies führt zur Gewebsnekrose des angrenzenden
Gewebes an die Ablationssonde.
Mikronährstofftherapie bei multimorbiden Patienten mit Polypharmazie
Authors: Heilhecker-Hoff Dagmar
Published: March 2022

In meiner täglichen Praxis als ernährungsmedizinische Fachkrankenschwester in der Akutrehabilitation entdecke ich häufig Fälle von Mikronährstoffmangelerscheinungen. Diese kommen besonders bei älteren multimorbiden Patienten mit Polypharmazie vor. In diesem kurzen Artikel möchte ich einige Fallbeispiele vorstellen, die aufzeigen, mit welchen Nährstoffen diese Mangelerscheinungssymptome effektiv und in kurzer Zeit mit sichtbarem Erfolg behandelt werden können.
Zur antiviralen Wirkung von Zubereitungen aus dem
Knoblauch
Authors: Vlachojannis Julia , Chrubasik-Hausmann Sigrun
Published: March 2022

An der antiviralen Wirkung von Knoblauch mit seinen organischen
Schwefelverbindungen und Lektinen muss nicht gezweifelt werden. Die viruzide
Wirkung wurde experimentell für unbehüllte und
behüllte, Pandemien auslösende Viren demonstriert. Am
antiviralen Wirkungsmechanismus sind eine Interaktion mit den Rezeptoren der
Zielzelle, eine Hemmung der Enzyme, die das Eindringen in die Zielzelle
ermöglichen, eine Hemmung der Replikation und Ausscheidung der
Virionen beteiligt. Sieben exploratorische Studien weisen auf eine potente
antivirale Wirksamkeit. Konfirmatorische Studien müssen jetzt
für jede Knoblauch-Zubereitung die optimale Dosis und die
Wirkgröße zur Prävention und Therapie viraler
Infektionen evaluieren.
Morphinan Alkaloids from the Leaves of Alphonsea cylindrica and Their Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Cho Kin-Hau , Tan Siow-Ping , Tan Hui-Yin , Liew Sook Yee , Nafiah Mohd Azlan
Published: March 2022

A phytochemical study has been carried out on CH2Cl2 extract of Alphonsea cylindrica leaves, resulting in the isolation of three new morphinan alkaloids. They
are kinomenine (1), N-methylkinomenine (2), and hydroxymethylkinomenine (3). The structures of these compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis
(1D and 2D NMR, IR, UV, HRESIMS) and comparison with the data reported in literature for similar alkaloids. Kinomenine (1) and N-methylkinomenine (2) showed weak
inhibition against S. aureus (MIC values of 1 and 2 = 500 µg/mL; pIC50 values in 95% C. I. of: 1 = 2.9 to 3.0; 2 = 2.9 to 3.1), while kinomenine
(1) also showed weak inhibition against E. coli (MIC values of 1 = 500 µg/mL; pIC50 value in 95% C. I. of: 1 = 2.9) by broth microdilution method.
The results obtained can be used as future referencefor the discovery of morphinans and the potential of A. cylindrica as an antibacterial source.
Practical Synthesis of Variously Substituted 2,3,4-Benzothiadiazepine 2,2-Dioxides
Authors: Volk Balázs , Nyulasi Bálint , Teski Tamara , Németh András Gy. , Sprőber Sára , Simig Gyula
Published: March 2022

The significant pharmacological activity of 2,3-benzodiazepine-4-ones led to an increased interest in this compound family. However, the literature of the closely related 2,3,4-benzothiadiazepine 2,2-dioxides is rather scarce. Earlier we elaborated a synthesis of 5-aryl congeners variously substituted at the aromatic ring. In the present study, a new synthetic route was investigated via highly versatile intermediates, to extend the reaction to a wider aromatic substitution pattern and to the preparation of 5-alkyl and 5-H derivatives. The essence of this approach is, starting from benzaldehyde acetals, acetophenone and benzophenone ketals, to synthesize ortho-formyl- and ortho-acyl-arylmethanesulfonyl chlorides, which are suitable precursors of the target compounds. The synthesis was implemented as follows: ortho-lithiation of the corresponding acetals and ketals and subsequent treatment with paraformaldehyde, or alternatively in two steps, with DMF or ethyl formate, followed by reduction with NaBH4, led to the corresponding hydroxymethyl derivatives. Reaction of these latter with methanesulfonyl chloride gave mesylates that were used to S-alkylate thiourea to afford S-alkylisothiouronium salts. The final steps of the synthesis were carried out in a telescoped reaction. Treatment of the S-alkylisothiouronium salts with N-chlorosuccinimide resulted in the corresponding arylmethanesulfonyl chlorides. Subsequent reaction with hydrazine hydrate followed by an acidic treatment gave 2,3,4-benzothiadiazepine 2,2-dioxides.
Intrauterine Ultrasound-Guided Laser Coagulation as a First Step for Treatment of Prenatally Complicated Bronchopulmonary Sequestration: Our Experience and Literature Review
Authors: Zanini Andrea , Macchini Francesco , Boito Simona , Morandi Anna , Ferrara Giuditta , Persico Nicola , Leva Ernesto
Published: March 2022

Introduction Prenatal ultrasound-guided laser coagulation (USLC) for complicated bronchopulmonary sequestrations has been described but a consensus on the procedure and on the following management is still lacking. We present our experience and provide a literature review.

Methods Retrospective review of patients treated in our center. Literature review and combined analysis of perinatal data were performed.

Results Five cases were treated at our center, all presenting with severe hydrothorax. Four met the criteria for fetal hydrops. Four cases underwent postnatal computed tomography (CT) scan: in one case, there was no evidence of persistent bronchopulmonary sequestration. The other three underwent thoracoscopic resection, in two, a viable sequestration was found. Including our series, 57 cases have been reported, with no mortality and a success rate of 94.7%. Mean gestational age (GA) at the procedure was 28 ± 3.4 weeks and mean GA at birth and birth weight (BW) were 38.6 ± 2.3 weeks and 3,276 ± 519.8 g, respectively. In 80.6% of the cases investigated postnatally, a residual mass was found, 50% of cases who showed prenatal arterial flow cessation had a persistent sequestration postnatally, and 26.3% of cases underwent postnatal sequestrectomy. Both patients in our series had pathology examination confirming a viable bronchopulmonary sequestration.

Conclusion Prenatal USLC seems to be a valid option for bronchopulmonary sequestration complicated by severe hydrothorax and/or fetal hydrops. Authors believe that this procedure should aim to reverse fetal distress and allow pregnancy continuation, and it should not be considered a definitive treatment. The currently available data do not support changes of the common postnatal management.
The Poverty Reduction Effect of Social Protection: The Pros and Cons of a Multidisciplinary Approach
Authors: Pouw Nicky , Bender Katja
Published: March 2022

There is a growing body of knowledge on the complex effects of social protection on poverty in Africa. This article explores the pros and cons of a multidisciplinary approach to studying social protection policies. Our research aimed at studying the interaction between cash transfers and social health protection policies in terms of their impact on inclusive growth in Ghana and Kenya. Also, it explored the policy reform context over time to unravel programme dynamics and outcomes. The analysis combined econometric and qualitative impact assessments with national- and local-level political economic analyses. In particular, dynamic effects and improved understanding of processes are well captured by this approach, thus, pushing the understanding of implementation challenges over and beyond a ‘technological fix,’ as has been argued before by Niño-Zarazúa et al. (World Dev 40:163–176, 2012), However, multidisciplinary research puts considerable demands on data and data handling. Finally, some poverty reduction effects play out over a longer time, requiring longitudinal consistent data that is still scarce.
When power factor supersedes zT to determine power in a thermocouple
Authors: Zavanelli Duncan , Pröschel Alexander , Winograd Joshua , Cherkez Radion , Snyder G. Jeffrey
Published: March 2022

The primary material parameter determining power in a thermoelectric is the figure of merit zT. This figure of merit comes from the requirement for thermal impedance matching between the thermoelectric legs and heat exchangers in an optimally designed thermoelectric module. However, in a thermocouple temperature sensor, the geometry is constrained for temperature sensing. If the geometry is constrained so that the length of the thermoelectric elements is greater than a characteristic length, then the material thermal conductivity becomes less relevant. This makes the power factor the determining material metric for power output in such a device designed for temperature sensing.
Significantly enhanced energy storage density and efficiency in flexible Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 thin film via periodic dielectric layers
Authors: Chen Qianxin , Zhang Yuan , Tang Mingkai , Yang Lei , Zhong Xiangli , Ren Chuanlai , Zhong Gaokuo
Published: March 2022

Flexible energy storage based on ferroelectric capacitors enjoys high power density and rapid respond time, but the polarization fatigue problems limit its long-term reliability. Bi3.15Nd0.85Ti3O12 (BNT) is a lead-free ferroelectric material with fatigue-free properties, which is promising for applications in long-term ferroelectric devices. Nevertheless, the applications of BNT thin films for energy storage are restricted by their poor energy efficiency and low energy density. In this work, flexible BNT thin films with different numbers of SrTiO3 (STO) insert layers are fabricated on flexible mica substrates by an exquisitely designed dual-target pulsed laser deposition process, and the energy storage performances are effectively optimized via interface engineering. By inserting periodic STO dielectric layers with repetition periods of 100, the energy storage density (Wrec) and efficiency (η) are improved to ∼24.26 J cm−3 and ∼71.93%, which are, respectively, increased to 287% and 132% compared with the pure phase BNT thin film. Importantly, the improved Wrec and η can be well maintained under large bending deformation (bending radius as small as r = 4 mm) and within a wide temperature range (25–175 °C), suggesting its good stability and reliability. These results show that the involvement of periodic dielectric layers in BNT thin films can significantly enhance energy storage density and efficiency and effectively promote its applications in future flexible energy storage devices.
Length correction model considering a right-angle bend of Fabry–Pérot sound absorbers
Authors: Xie Guolin , Wang Xiaopeng
Published: March 2022

Aiming at the problem that the peak frequency of Fabry–Pérot (F–P) resonance metamaterials is shifted to high frequency due to the right-angle bend, we start from the mechanism of the frequency shift caused by the bend and propose a length correction theoretical model. Using the idea of equivalence, the effect of a corner is the first equivalent to the effective density. Then, the change in effective density is equivalent to the effective length, and the theoretical derivation is completed. This model can guide the length design of the F–P tube. Moreover, it can be used to predict the peak frequency of the F–P tube with a right-angle bend if its geometric dimensions are known. Through the analysis from theory, simulation, and experiment of two samples, the accuracy of the length correction theoretical model is verified. Additionally, by the power dissipation density and the dissipated energies, it is determined that the fundamental reason for the frequency shift is that the right-angle bend changes the distribution of power dissipation density in the tube. The work in this paper is of guiding significance for the frequency prediction and length design of F–P tubes.