bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dirofilaria immitis emergence assay for individual or pools of mosquitoes v2
Authors: Povelones Michael , Mccrea Abigail
Published: January 2020

This assay is for determining the number of infective third-stage (L3) larvae capable of emerging from individual mosquitoes. These are referred to as emerging L3 or eL3. This assay can be used to quantitatively measure how mosquito manipulations or filaria manipulations affect eL3. This assay can be performed on groups of individual mosquitoes in a 96-well plate, or en masse in a large petri dish. The latter format is useful for producing large numbers of eL3 for assays, such as motility, molting, transformation, or for infection of a naive host animal. In addition, since the assay can be performed on large number of input mosquitoes with little increase in effort or cost, it offers a favorable low-tech alternative to other mosquito infection diagnostic methods, such as PCR or dissection when live-caught mosquitoes are available. This protocol assumes that you are starting with a population of infected mosquitoes by a filarial nematode. We have tested the protocol with Aedes aegypti (Blackeye strain) infected with Dirofilaria immitis and maintained at with 80% RH. Emerging L3 are produced as early as day 12. The last day that we have checked is 21 days post infection, but it is very likely eL3 can be produced for the lifespan of the infected mosquitoes. We saw maximum yields at day 13 and beyond. The same Ae. aegypti strain infected with Brugia malayi was not tested in as many conditions, however, we found robust and similar yields at days 12-14, but did not establish the minimum incubation time. We also tested a strain of Ae. albopictus following D. immitis infection and that it also is capable of producing eL3.
MojoSort™ Mouse Ig light chain κ Nanobeads Column Protocol v1
Authors: Li Sam
Published: January 2020

BioLegend MojoSort™ Nanobeads work in commonly used separation columns, based on our internal research as well as validation by external testing in academic labs. This simple protocol consists of following the MojoSort™ protocol to label the cells with pre-diluted MojoSort™ reagents and using the columns as indicated by the manufacturer. Note: Due to the properties of our beads, it may be possible to use far fewer beads than with other commercial suppliers. We recommend a titration to find the best dilution factor. However, as a general rule, dilutions ranging from 1:3 to 1:20 for the Nanobeads can be used. Please contact BioLegend Technical Service (tech@biolegend.com) if further assistance is needed.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE POLITICAL VIEWS OF FRANCIS FUKUYAMA
Authors: Perepelytsia Nataliia
Published: January 2020

American political scientist, philosopher, political economist Francis Fukuyama became known in the late twentieth century for his geopolitical theory of the end of history. Fukuyama still adheres to the «end of history» concept. However, some of his political views have undergone significant changes.
The main purpose is to analyze what led to the formation of geopolitical views of Francis Fukuyama, to trace the content of his geopolitical concept, to find out the theoretical component of this concept. The goal is also to track the change in Francis Fukuyama’s views, namely his departure from neo-conservatism, which has resonated in political circles in recent years.
The following methods were used in the article: structural-functional method, institutional method, comparative method and system method.
The article shed light on the concept that sought to envision the development of the post-World War II world, which recognized the West’s superiority to other countries and the total spread of liberal democracy, its essence and basic tenets.
It has also been found that Francis Fukuyama’s geopolitical views have evolved and changed over the course of twenty years. In the course of the evolution of his views, Fukuyama abandoned the idea of the spread of democracy and state-building, of Western unilateralism; changed the emphasis on the causes of the inevitability of the «end of history»; reviewed the interconnection of economics, politics and culture.
FRACTAL * MODEL OF CONSERVATIVE DEVELOPMENT (an example of trust algebra, that is, state building with a trust operation)
Authors: Chuiko Vadim , Atamanchuk-Angel Valery
Published: January 2020

In this article of the Doctor of Philosophy, professor of Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, Chuiko Vadim Leonidovich and Atamanchuk-Angel Valerii Ivanovich is applied the principle of «first philosophy» as the foundation of the a priori prerequisites of possible cognition, which define an existence in general rather than its individual parts. This application of metaphysics made it possible to introduce methods of «universal algebra» for the implementation of humanitarian research using algebraic description with the help of three notion: plural, operations, relation.
This methodological novation makes it possible to create demonstrative models of social systems, not their constructions, because constructionsare traditionally makeby using binary description that use only two notions, categories.
Question: How to fill the notion of «public agreement» with the actual content? How to make all generations participate in the adoption of a social contract? How to create a new one, without destroying it entirely, maintaining stability? How to ensure a high degree of mutation — rebuilding, rebuilding and construction?
Introduced in the algebraic sense, the notion of «trust» as a definition of what is necessary for the existence of a society of being as such, forms an algebra that models social relations by the operation of trust, not violence.
Based on the above, we can talk about creating a mathematical politics. Matpoliticsdeal with ideal political objects. Matpolitics is the activity of a summation of algebras. These algebras differ from each other by the choice of operations. Plurals that consist of different algebras can be the carrier of the algebra.
In this case, we are talking about the algebra of trust / credo, whose signature consists of the following operations: sovereignty, trust / credit, understanding of need for the Other, agreement and recursive procedures.
The result of the implementation of these methodological guidelines are the answers to the following questions: How to make the concept of «social agreement» really meaningful? How can all generations (and the unborn, too) be involved in the social agreement? How to create a new one, without destroying the foundations of the existing one, to realize the idea of conservative development: restructuring and building a new one?
Based on the provisions of the algebra of trust, society appears as a plurality of sovereigns — C, possessing the full range of rights to identify trust / distrust — Di, creating agreements — Yn, and for their completeness they have and understand the need for the other — Ik.
The model presented is a system of treaties that are not an abstract concept of the state, but an agreement with specific elected people who have gained the trust of those to whom they temporarily render their services. Agreements are urgent, limited by time frame, with obligatory full responsibility of the parties.
INSTITUTIONAL SUPPORT OF CHILD PROTECTION POLICY
Authors: Stychynska Anna
Published: January 2020

Ukraine’s independence in 1991 made the democratic transformations began, aimed to form the civil society, the development of a rule of law, within, according to the Constitution, a person, his life and health, honor, dignity, integrity and other rights and freedoms are recognized as the highest social value. This, in turn, defines the content and focus of the activities of the state and all its bodies in securing these conquests of world civilization as one of the main responsibilities.
It is not enough to declare them at the constitutional and legislative levels for the realization of fundamental rights and freedoms of the individual and the citizen. They must be fully secured through legal and social measures and their existence.
Among the various measures for the realization of human and citizen’s rights and freedoms, the Institute of International Protection of the Rights of the Child occupies a special place, as a set of international legal norms governing the international policy and cooperation of the states for the protection and protection of the rights of the child. As part of the international protection of human rights and freedoms, the child protection policy is of paramount importance.
It is the area that should take priority in the international political arena. The protection of the rights of the child is also important as a guarantee of the existence, implementation, and protection of the Constitution of Ukraine. The primary purpose of protection is the legally foreseen ability of the child to use compulsory actions to enforce his or her legal obligation to enforce the obliged person’s behavior in order to protect his or her right.
The urgency of gender is essential to accelerate the creation of an effective legal mechanism for the protection of the rights of the child. In addition, the existence of a real «legal protection» of the child as a whole, as well as of the state’s responsibility to the child, is the factor that asserts in the human consciousness the idea of justice, the expediency of the existing state power, thereby ensuring its legitimacy.
Formation of civil society and the integration of this country into the European community are impossible without a well-grounded state policy for the protection of the rights of the child. Therefore, the development of international cooperation in this field is especially relevant to Ukraine, since overcoming child neglect and homelessness, adopting children, preventing their involvement in the sex industry can only be ensured in close cooperation with other countries and using their experience.
İŞLETMELERDE DAĞITIMSAL ADALET: SERAMİK SEKTÖRÜNDE BİR UYGULAMA
Authors: Yıldırım İbrahim , Eraslan Hasan
Published: January 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Diyarbakır ve
Adana ilinin Organize sanayi bölgelerindeki seramik fabrikasında çalışanların
dağıtım adaleti düzeylerini belirlemektir. Araştırmada betimsel ve ilişkisel
tarama modeli kullanılmıştır. Araştırma
verileri 2018 yılında Diyarbakır ve Adana ilinin organize sanayi bölgelerindeki
seramik fabrikalarında faaliyet gösteren 210 çalışandan elde edilmiştir. Veriler
Yürür (2005) tarafından uyarlanan Dağıtımsal Adalet ölçeği ile toplanmıştır.
Verilerin analizinde betimsel (ortalama, standart sapma) ve ilişkisel (t-testi,
anova) analizler kullanılmıştır. Yapılan araştırma sonucunda seramik
fabrikalarında çalışanların dağıtım adaleti düzeyleri genel anlamda “orta”
düzeyde olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Dağıtım Adaleti, Seramik Firmaları
TÜRK OTOMOTİV SEKTÖRÜNÜN EKONOMİK BÜYÜMEYE ETKİSİ: KARŞILAŞTIRMALI BİR EKONOMETRİK ANALİZ
Authors: Polat Mehmet Ali
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada; otomotiv sektörünün ekonomik büyüme
üzerindeki etkileri, Türkiye’nin 1963-2018 dönemi yıllık verileri kullanılarak
analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada ekonomik büyüme; kişi başına düşen milli gelir ile
temsil edilmiş, otomotiv sektörü; otomobil, otobüs, kamyon ve traktör üretimi
şeklinde toplulaştırılmıştır. Her bir sektör için ayrı modeller kurulmuş ve
analizler bu dört model yardımıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Serilerin durağanlığı Kapetanios
(2005) çoklu yapısal kırılmalı birim kök testiyle incelenmiş ve serilerin
farklı derecelerde durağan oldukları görülmüştür. Seriler arasındaki
eşbütünleşme ilişkileri Maki (2012) çoklu yapısal kırılmalı eşbütünleşme
testiyle incelenmiş ve modellerde yer alan serilerin eşbütünleşme içinde
oldukları belirlenmiştir. Eşbütünleşme testinden elde edilen yapısal kırılma
tarihleri, uzun dönem analizine kukla değişkenlerle dâhil edilmiştir.

Uzun dönem analizleri DOLS yöntemiyle
gerçekleştirilmiş ve Türkiye’deki kişi başına düşen milli geliri; otomobil
üretimindeki %1’lik artışın %0.62, kamyon üretimindeki %1’lik artışın %0.47,
traktör üretimindeki %1’lik artışın %1.28 oranında artırdığı, otobüs
üretimindeki %1’lik artışın ise %0.36 oranında azalttığı görülmüştür. Seriler
arasındaki kısa dönem analizleri de DOLS yöntemi yardımıyla gerçekleştirilmiş
ve otobüs üretiminin, uzun dönemdekinin aksine, kısa dönemde kişi başına düşen
milli geliri artırdığı görülmüştür. Kamyon üretimi, uzun dönemde olduğu gibi
kısa dönemde de milli geliri artırmıştır. Otomobil ve traktör üretiminin milli
gelir üzerindeki kısa dönem etkileri pozitif olmakla birlikte, istatistiksel
olarak anlamsız bulunmuştur. Bütün modellerin hata düzeltme terimlerinin
katsayıları negatif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı çıkmıştır. Bu durum;
modellerin hata düzeltme mekanizmalarının çalıştığını ve yapılan analizlerin
güvenilir olduğunu göstermektedir.
The Language of Political Science in Ancient Greece
Authors: Vititnev S.F. , Shmeleva A.V.
Published: January 2020

The article examines the main concepts and categories as a tool for scientific analysis of political processes and phenomena, state institutions in the works of Plato and Aristotle. The authors consider the theoretical and methodological approaches of ancient Greek philosophers to the study of a number of state and political phenomena.
Images of Italy in the Artistic Heritage of Dostoevsky
Authors: Dergacheva I.V.
Published: January 2020

The article presents This article is aimed at expanding modern ideas about the locus typology of hypertexts by introducing the concept of the Italian text F.M. Dostoevsky. It clarifies the value content of a regionally determined picture of the world of the writer, reveals the subjective representation of F.M. Dostoevsky about genius loci of Italian cities. The "Italian text" is analyzed in the discourse of the writer, it is shown how objective reality is interpreted in the literary texts of Dostoevsky. The article analyzes the themes of local microtexts of Italian subjects introduced into Dostoevsky's works of art and presents a complex of intertextual correlation of them with texts of Italian culture.
The Peculiarities of the Reception of the Literary Works of F.M. Dostoevsky in the European Cinematography of the 1 st Third of the XXth Century (on the Example of the German and Italian Cinematography)
Authors: Mikhaylova M.V.
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the main features of the interpretation of the works of F.M. Dostoevsky in the German and Italian cinematography of the 1st third of the XXth century. The author explores the films of the era in question, based on the works of F.M. Dostoevsky, in the context of the history of the development of European cinema. The specification of the reception of the writer's literary works in the era of silent cinema is characterized, the ability to convey the psychologism of the literary works and the peculiarities of the characters of the heroes without dialogues is investigated.
Russian and Chinese Linguistic and Cultural Concept “Family”
Authors: Liu Q.
Published: January 2020

This article is an attempt by the authors to clarify the content and essence of the concepts “text”, “meaning”, “meaning of the text” from the perspective of a philosophical approach to language and text. Through the use of methods such as analysis, comparison and comparison, the authors identify the essential and distinctive features of the stated concepts, formulate their author's definition and their role in the teaching and education of students of humanitarian universities.rticle presents the analysis of phraseological units with a color component based on dictionaries of Russian scientists. The functioning of phraseological units-colorisms in the texts of modern mass media is also analyzed, the specificity of their use is revealed.
Russian Phraseological Units with Colors “Red”, “White”, “Black” in Media Texts
Authors: Blokhina A.A.
Published: January 2020

The article presents the analysis of phraseological units with a color component based on dictionaries of Russian scientists. The functioning of phraseological units-colorisms in the texts of modern mass media is also analyzed, the specificity of their use is revealed.
Using Video Materials in English Lessons as a Means of Developing Intercultural Competence of Students
Authors: Zakharova V.N. , Muromceva M.V.
Published: January 2020

The article is devoted to the general consideration of the ways of using video materials in English class. The method of work is aimed at the formation of students’ intercultural competence. The publication describes in detail the situations in which the use of videos is a necessary tool to build classes in the right way and achieve a high quality of the work. The characteristic features of working with video material in the classroom are analyzed. Based on the data obtained in the course of the study, the degree of effectiveness of the use of this technique in school was revealed.
Lexico-Semantic Field "Fate/Kader" in Russian and Turkish (on the Examples of Songs)
Authors: Shklyaryk A.
Published: January 2020

Abstract: In the following article, the semantic field “kader/судьба” is analyzed based on the pop-songs of Turkish and Russian performers. The words that fall into that particular semantic field are compared in the Russian and Turkish languages to create an overview into the linguistic view of the world of native speakers of these languages.
Semiotic View at Cross-Cultural Sphere
Authors: Iskhakova Z.Z.
Published: January 2020

This article is devoted to emotive speech-behavior codes in cross-cultural sphere. The typology of emotive marks is presented as emotive-images, emotive-indices and emotive- symbols. Universal emotive codes for various linguocultural communities are identified
Unipolar pedicled latissimus dorsi transfer for elbow reanimation in traumatic brachial plexus injuries
Authors: Agrawal Neeraj K. , Choudhary Aditya N. , Agrawal Preeti
Published: January 2020

Background: Brachial plexus injuries are troubling for the patients socially, economically and emotionally. Elbow joint being a large and vital joint needs to be reanimated so that the patient can carry out his routine work and bring the hand to the mouth. Number of procedures have been defined but latissimus dorsi being a large muscle is the muscle of choice for transfer in cases who present late. Bipolar latissimus dorsi transfers have often been reported but unipolar latissimus dorsi transfer has also been described. Authors have studied the unipolar muscle transfer, it’s surgical technique and results.Methods: In this study 18 patients were studied for demographic data, pre- and post-operative flexion of the elbow and the MRC grade of the corresponding movements. Diagnostic work up in the form of nerve conduction velocity, electromyography and magnetic resonance imaging were carried out and evaluated for their significance in traumatic brachial plexus injuries.Results: In this study 13 patients had avulsion of the C5-6 roots on magnetic resonance imaging. The patients presented after a period of 128.83±56.76 days. Substantial time elapsed and ruled out primary brachial plexus reconstruction or nerve transfers. The average elbow flexion improved from 6.67±5.69 degrees (range: 0-20 degrees) to 86.94±12.38 degrees (range: 65-110 degrees) following unipolar latissimus dorsi transfer. 12 patients (66.67%) developed M4 or M4+ power.Conclusions: Unipolar latissimus dorsi muscle transfer is a reliable method and most of the patients develop adequate strength and satisfactory function at the elbow joint.
Deep vein thrombosis risk stratification in intensive care unit patients: a pressing need
Authors: Patel Viral B. , Ghosh Labani M. , Vaishnav Bhalendu
Published: January 2020

Background: Risk stratification of deep vein thrombosis in patients admitted to ICU and incorporating DVT risk assessment score as a regular practice were the aim of the present study.Methods: This study was carried out in 67 patients admitted in ICU >18 years of age, over one year. Patients with confirmed DVT, <48 hours of stay, thrombocytopenia, diagnosed coagulation disorders, those who have received DVT prophylaxis in last 1 month and those with active bleeding were excluded. It was a cross sectional observational study. A SMART assessment score and pretest probability scoring card was used. Mechanical or pharmacological prophylaxis was given to those with moderate and high risk for DVT.Results: As per SMART assessment score 4.5%, 41.8%, 6% and 23.9% had no, moderate, high and highest risk of developing DVT. As per the pretest probability scores 76%, 20.9% and 3% were in low, moderate and high-risk group. Both scoring systems are comparable (p=0.001). There was significant association between paralysis (p value was 0.003), central venous access (p value was 0.006), patient bed ridden for >72 hours (p value was 0.009) and risk group.Conclusions: Prolonged bed rest, paralysis and central venous access are the most important contributing conditions for high risk of DVT. Risk stratification should be routinely performed in ICU.  SMART assessment tool and pre-test probability scores are both equally efficacious in identifying high risk patients for DVT. Both mechanical and pharmacological means of DVT prophylaxis are equally effective in preventing DVT.
Computerized tomography based evaluation of level I and II axillary lymph nodes by high conventional tangential fields in carcinoma breast
Authors: Chandrakant Lalit , Thakur Shabnum , Gupta Manoj , Seam Rajeev K. , Gupta Manish , Sharma Sanjeev
Published: January 2020

Background: Axillary radiation and surgery have provided equivalent local control in early breast cancer patients. It is believed that tangential field (TF) radiation that was used to treat the breast coincidently delivered radiation treatment to the lower axilla and eradicated the disease. In the era of CT-based three dimensional- (3D) radiotherapy planning, however concerns have been raised about the adequacy of coverage of the axillary levels in the tangential fields. In this study, author evaluated the coverage of the axillary nodal levels I and II using high conventional tangential fields in patients with or without axillary dissection.Methods: A prospective study was conducted which included 18 cases for a period of one year, radiation therapy was planned to the chest wall or whole breast by using the high conventional tangential field using 2D radiation portals. Central lung distance (CLD) and the distance of superior border was measured form the head of the humerus and were recorded. CECT chest was done in the same position alike during conventional simulation. All the images were shifted to the treatment planning system. The Contouring of Axillary lymph nodes level I and II was done on Oncentra contouring software.Results: The coverage of the axillary nodes was not related to central lung distance (CLD). However, some with CLD of 1cm had more coverage of the level I nodes than with CLD of 2 cm and the maximum CLD in the field was 2.5 cm. Of the 18 patients in the study, 13 patients had <2 cm distance from the humeral head and all the axillary level II LN covered in the field. Whereas 5 patients having distance >2 cm did not have adequate coverage of level II axillary LN’s.Conclusions: The distance of the cranial border of the tangent portal from the head of the humerus shows a relationship with coverage of level II nodes cranially. As the distance decreases the coverage of level II nodes cranially keeps increasing. In majority of the patients a distance of 2 cm or less than 2 cm ensured good coverage of level II nodes cranially. Similarly, no correlation was found between volumetric coverage of the axillary nodes with central lung distance.
Comparative study of some routinely measured Serum biochemical parameters between acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and stable Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease patients in a tertiary care hospital of Kolkata: an attempt to make simple prognostic indicators
Authors: Chakraborty Subhankar , Misra Swapnendu , Jha Sumanta , Kodali Sukanta , Mandal Abhijit
Published: January 2020

Background: Patients with COPD often have exacerbations which frequently require hospitalization, resulting in higher mortality rates and costs than patients managed at OPD. Some easily available blood parameters in both stable COPD and AECOPD patients are measured that can be done in every patient even in poor resource settings. Finally, Results were analysed statistically to find out if there is any presence of significant difference of biochemical profile in stable COPD patients and AECOPD patients with or without any prognostic significance.Methods: In institution based observational case control study, authors measured 1.  FBS and PPBS 2. Serum Urea and Creatinine 3. Serum Electrolytes- Na+, K+, Cl- 4. LFT  5. Uric acid in both stable COPD(n=50) and AECOPD (n=50) patients. Finally, Results were analysed statistically to find out if there is any presence of significant difference of biochemical profile in stable COPD patients and AECOPD patients.Results: AECOPD patients had statistically significant higher urea, uric acid levels and higher fasting hyperglycemia than stable COPD patients. Hypernatremia, hyponatremia and hyperkalemia, hypokalemia - all were significantly higher in AECOPD group. Low level of serum bilirubin and higher level of AST and ALP were common in AECOPD patients. AECOPD patients with high urea value (>50 mg/dl) (but not high creatinine) was associated with poor patient outcome in respect to ICU transfer, death and prolonged hospital stay. Low bilirubin, high ALP and AST level in AECOPD patients was associated with higher ICU transfer and mortality but only high ALP level was associated with prolonged hospital stay. High uric acid level (>6 mg/dl) was a major determinant of ICU transfer, mortality and prolonged hospital stay.Conclusions: Predicting exacerbation by these parameters early in the course of disease can decrease morbidity and mortality as well as health care cost to great extent. By measuring the changes in it can also be predicted early who will need ICU support in future and who can be treated at ward.
A study of incidence and outcome of acute kidney injury in common undifferentiated febrile illnesses
Authors: Cherian Jacob , Deodhar Divya
Published: January 2020

Background: Patients presenting with acute undifferentiated febrile illness may have delay in diagnosis due to nonspecific symptoms and signs. Kidney injury in these patients can cause detrimental effect on their prognosis and hence early diagnosis is warranted.Methods: This is an observational prospective study conducted in the Department of Medicine at Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana for a period of one year from 1st November 2014 till 31st October 2015.Results: Among the 532 patients acute febrile illness included in the study, 437(82.1%) were diagnosed with dengue fever. A total of 190(35.7%) patients were diagnosed to have AKI. The incidence of AKI in specific diseases was found to be the highest in Malaria 8(61.5%) out of 13 patients). In AKI, majority of them were in the risk category with 97(51.0%). A total of 26(13.6%) patients with AKI required Hemodialysis. Among the 190 patients who had AKI 43(22.6%) died.Conclusions: Dengue was the most common acute febrile illness. Among the patients with acute kidney injury majority were in the risk category with 97(18.2%). 326(61.2%) patients were males with a male to female ratio was found to be 1.5: 1. Dengue with acute kidney injury had the most proportion of patients in the risk and injury category and malaria with acute kidney injury having the highest proportion in failure category. The highest incidence of patients with AKI requiring hemodialysis was seen in scrub typhus. Leptospirosis with AKI had the highest proportion of mortality. The failure category had the highest proportion of mortality.
The effect of guava juice toward haemoglobin levels in pregnant women
Authors: Wahyuntari Evi , Wahtini Sri
Published: January 2020

Background: The prevalence of anemia among pregnant women is 33-75% in developing countries. Iron deficiency is a common cause of anaemia. Absorption of iron can be achieved by increasing the content of diets containing vitamin C or ascorbic acid (AA) such as those in vegetables and fruit. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of guava juice on the haemoglobin levels of pregnant women.Methods: The study was conducted using quasi-experiment. Sample was determined by the consecutive sampling method. 29 respondents were selected from each group. Both groups were given iron supplements of 2x1 for 2 weeks, while the control group besides receiving iron supplement therapy also consumed 200 ml/day guava juice for 2 weeks, with the inclusion criteria of  third trimester pregnant women, anemia, no pregnancy complications and willing to be a respondent by signing an informed consent. Exclusion criteria not having a routine ANC at the Kalasan primary Health. Data collection was conducted using demographic data questionnaire, Observation Sheet of the provision of Fe tablets and guava juice and the measurement of hemoglobin levels with a hemocue.Results: There was an increase in Haemoglobin levels in the group given iron supplement therapy and consumption of 200 ml guava juice/day for 2 weeks with a p value of <0.05.Conclusions: Consumption of guava juice of 200 ml/day for 2 weeks increases the haemoglobin in pregnant women with anemia.
Clinico-pathological analysis of lymphoproliferative disorders: a 3 year study
Authors: Varma K. Rajasree , T. Farzana , Thomas Sunitha , Abraham Latha K.
Published: January 2020

Background: The incidence of lymphoproliferative disorders has increased in many parts of the world. Newer subtypes have been identified by the new WHO classification. Accurate subtyping of lymphomas is crucial for prompt treatment. Objective of the study was to assess the clinicopathological pattern of lymphoproliferative diseases diagnosed in Rajagiri hospital over a period of 3 years.Methods: A retrospective study on all patients who were diagnosed with lymphoma in Rajagiri hospital during January 2016 to December 2018 was conducted and the data were reviewed and analyzed.Results: A total of 151 patients were included in the study. Majority of the subjects (63%) were males. The predominant age group affected was 61-80 years. Mean age group was 58.46 years (SD=19.05 years). Most common presenting symptom was painless lymphadenopathy. B symptoms were seen in 18% of subjects and was found to be more commonly associated with B cell Non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Most common lymph node involved was cervical lymph node, while the most common extra nodal site was bone marrow. Most common lymphoproliferative disorder was Diffuse large B cell Lymphoma. Lymph node involvement was found in 74% of patients, while hepatomegaly and splenomegaly were seen in 11% and 18.5% of patients. 20% of patients had secondary bone marrow involvement. 8 patients developed recurrent lesions involving other organs.Conclusions: Clinicopathologic patterns of lymphoproliferative disorders vary across various regions. A proper understanding of demographical distribution of lymphomas is very essential, as it can provide valuable clues for accurate diagnosis and treatment.
HER2/neu immunohistochemical expression in gastric carcinoma
Authors: Sadanandan Anjali , C. N. Arunraj
Published: January 2020

Background: Gastric carcinoma is a deadly disease with high mortality. A better understanding of the molecular basis of gastric cancer has contributed to the development of rationally designed molecular targeted therapies which will improve the survival rate. A genetic alteration that could help in targeted therapy and prognostication includes Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2/neu) overexpression in gastric carcinoma. The objective of the present study was to identify and evaluate the HER2/neu protein immunohistochemical expression in gastric cancer from biopsies and surgical resection specimens and to evaluate their correlation with histopathological features.Methods: Total/subtotal gastrectomy specimens and gastric biopsies from a tertiary care center in South India were included in the study and assessed by light microscopy and Immunohistochemistry (IHC).Results: HER2/neu overexpression was seen in 28.6% of gastric adenocarcinoma. HER2/neu overexpression was seen in 44.2% of intestinal-type and 20% of mixed type with none of the diffuse type exhibited HER2/neu positivity and this was statistically highly significant with p value of <0.01. HER2/neu positivity was found in 50% well-differentiated and 36.4% moderately differentiated tumors with none of the poorly differentiated tumors exhibiting HER2/neu positivity and this was statistically highly significant with p value of <0.01.Conclusions: This study highlights the importance of the identification of HER2/neu overexpression in gastric adenocarcinoma. This will help in prognostication and identifying patients suitable for novel therapeutic interventions which will help in prolongation of survival of patients with this deadly disease.
Pattern of acute kidney injury and its outcome in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Santhanam Jennie , Natarajan Meenakshi Sundari Subramaniyan , Lakshmanan Annam , Balakrishnan Rajeswari K.
Published: January 2020

Background: Acute kidney injury is a multiplex disease with severe morbidity and mortality. The trends of acute kidney injury vary according to the regions and the population under study. The aim of this study is to evaluate the trends of acute kidney injury and its outcome in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: The study was a prospective observational study conducted at a tertiary care hospital in a metropolitan city. A total of 102 patients of acute kidney injury were selected based on the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes guidelines of acute kidney injury. The main trends of acute kidney injury presentation and its outcome were assessed.Results: Of 102 patients admitted, 42 had a sepsis related diagnosis (42.41%), 17 patients (17.16%) had cardiovascular disease related acute kidney injury and 12 patients (12.12%) had developed acute kidney injury due to drugs and poisons. According to RIFLE (risk of renal failure, injury to kidney, failure and loss of function and end-stage kidney disease) category, 43.96% of patients belonged to the risk category and 30.77% to the injury category. Of 34 patients in failure category, 23 recovered and 11 did not recover. Authors compared the trends of acute kidney injury in patients who recovered and who deteriorated. The mean serum creatinine values were 3.42 mg/dl in patients who didn’t recover from acute kidney injury and 2.05 mg/dl in patients who recovered. In patients of the recovered group, the mean urine output value is 783 ml/day; in deterioration group, 445 ml/day.Conclusions: Most common etiologies of acute kidney injury in this study include sepsis, drugs and poisons, cardiovascular diseases and diarrheal diseases in order of occurrence. High serum creatinine at admission and oliguria were the most common factors that contributed to deterioration in acute kidney injury.
Mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy: its role in the management of renal stone and our tertiary care centre experience
Authors: Thakur Avinash Pratap Singh , S. Darsan
Published: January 2020

Background: Miniaturized percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedures for urolithiasis have gained increased popularity in recent years. To decrease the complications of conventional PCNL by  reduced tract size led to the development of Mini PCNL, which makes the use of 15-18F sheaths in place of 24-30F of conventional PCNL. It has developed rapidly and become a popular technique of renal stone management with reduced morbidity and excellent outcome. Authors report our experience with Mini PCNL for the treatment of renal stone.Methods: In between his August 2015 and January 2018, sixty patients with the diagnosis of unilateral single medium size (8-20mm) renal stone were identified. Patient’s demographical, clinical, diagnostic and procedural data were recorded.  All patients were evaluated by history taking, physical examination and laboratory investigations. Radiological evaluation was done with X ray kidney, ureter and bladder region (KUB) and also with renal ultrasonography followed by computed tomography (CT). All patients underwent Mini PCNL using 12F nephroscope and 16.5/17.5F sheath. Holmium: YAG laser was used for stone fragmentation. No nephrostomy tube was used routinely. Treatment outcome was assessed in terms of operative time, haemoglobin drop, hospital stay and stone free rate.Results: Complete stone fragmentation was achieved in 41 out of 60 patients using Mini PCNL, so initial stone free rate was 68.3%. After 4 weeks of surgery total 53 patients were stone free (88.3%), 5 patients required some auxiliary procedure for complete clearance of stone and other 2 were managed conservatively. The mean operative time was 48.28 min, mean haemoglobin drop was 0.74gm/l and mean postoperative hospital stay was 54.22 hours. After 12 weeks postoperatively all patients were stone free. There were no significant postoperative complications, and all had good quality of life.Conclusion: Mini PCNL technique appears to be safe and effective alternative to conventional PCNL for moderate size renal calculi. It is usually related to less blood loss and shorter hospital stay than the standard method. It can achieve good stone-free rates with minimal complications and low morbidity. Mini PCNL can also be considered as a good alternative to retrograde intrarenal surgery and shockwave lithotripsy in selected cases. However, further high quality studies with larger sample size are required in future.
Serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase-2 in patients with oral submucous fibrosis and oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Kherde Pooja , Gosavi Suchitra
Published: January 2020

Background: Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), which is supposed to enable cancer cells cross the basement membrane and metastasize by selectively cleaving type IV collagen, is anticipated to be a good diagnostic and prognostic marker in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF). Thus, the study is aimed to estimate and compare the serum MMP-2 levels in patients with OSMF and OSCC.Methods: The study was conducted on 88 subjects, divided into three groups; Group I (healthy subjects, n=28), Group II (patients with OSMF, n=30), and Group III (patients with OSCC, n=30). Serum levels of MMP-2 were estimated and compared among the groups and further with the clinical parameters within the groups.Results: The mean serum MMP-2 levels in patients with OSMF (2.87±1.04 ng/mL) and with OSCC (11.55±2.16 ng/mL) were significantly higher than the healthy subjects (0.93±0.26 ng/mL) (p <0.0001, for both). Furthermore, the mean serum MMP-2 levels in OSMF subjects had a positive association with inter-incisal opening (IIO), however, there was no association with the degree of burning sensation. Likewise, in subjects with OSCC, levels of serum MMP-2 showed positive association with histopathological grades, however, significant association with the site of occurrence and primary tumor size was not found.Conclusions: Elevated serum MMP-2 levels can be used as a screening tool in the early detection of OSMF and OSCC cases. Moreover, MMP-2 might be a good marker in evaluating the tumor grade in OSCC and the IIO in OSMF.
Vitamin B 12: the hidden ingredient of stroke
Authors: Prajapati Mehul , Ghosh Labani M.
Published: January 2020

Background: Study aimed to evaluate the relationship between vitamin B12 and acute cerebral stroke in this study.Methods: Blood samples drawn within 24 hours after the stroke from hospitalized patients (n=100) and from 100 control cases matched for age, sex and other modifiable risk factors of stroke were analyzed. With a competitive, ECLIA, serum levels of vitamin B12 were measured. The quantitative data of the groups was compared using Analysis of Varience and Tukeys HSD post hoc test for comparison. Chi-square tests were used.Results: Median serum vitamin B12 levels were significantly lower in the patients than in the control subjects, 188.71 and 256.25 pg/ml respectively (p=0.0001). This difference was independent from other risk factors. The mean age in case group was 62.49 (SD: 12.45 years) and 56.62 (SD: 13.05 years) in control group with p=0.001. Therefore, prevalence of stroke is more between 6th and 7th decade of life. Mean serum vitamin B12 levels were lower in males (201.8pg/ml) than the females (268.pg/ml) in the case group.Conclusions: Low vitamin B12 is associated with an increased risk of stroke, and its relationship is independent from the other known modifiable stroke risk factors.
A tertiary care centre profile of heart diseases among diagnosed cases of chronic kidney disease
Authors: Bakhtar Vijay , Bakhtar Niyati , Pandey Neha , Bakhtar Nikhil
Published: January 2020

Background: Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. Cardiovascular diseases are the predominant cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with CKD. There is limited data on cardiovascular diseases among CKD patients from developing countries including India. With the present study, the prevalence and patterns of cardiac diseases among patients with CKD were profiled.Methods: This was a cross sectional study in which 217 patients with CKD were studied over a period of two years and six months. Data on demographic characteristics and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases were collected using a standardized questionnaire. Cardiac evaluation was done using resting ECG and echocardiography.Results: One hundred eighteen (54.4%) patients had either eccentric or concentric LVH. Patients with LVH were more likely to be hypertensive (p<0.001) or anemic (p=0.034). Up to 9.2% of study subjects had valvular heart disease (rheumatic or degenerative) and 22% had pericarditis. Patients with pericarditis were more likely to have a serum urea concentration greater than 60mg/dl (p=0.327). Forty-one patients (18.9%) had left ventricular systolic failure (EF<50%). There was a statistically insignificant higher prevalence of systolic failure in patients with LVH (21% vs. 16%), (p=0.346). Thirty-eight participants (17.5%) had diastolic failure while 2% had cardiac rhythm abnormalities.Conclusions: Cardiac abnormalities are common in a relatively young Indian population with CKD. Clinicians should routinely screen and manage cardiovascular disease in CKD patients.
Evaluation of mineral status in hypothyroidism in a tertiary care centre
Authors: Saxena Shikha , Srivastava Prem Chandra , Katyal Rashmi , Das Biswajit , Pannu Sileena Jaideep
Published: January 2020

Background: Hypothyroidism is known to be the commonest form of endocrine disorders and has been linked with disturbances in various minerals metabolism. Calcium, phosphorus and magnesium and trace element zinc are required for many enzymes in various metabolic pathways which are directly or indirectly regulated by thyroid hormones. Aim and objectives of the study was to estimate serum zinc, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in hypothyroid patients, with the objectives to evaluate any relationship with TSH and to compare them with euthyroid controls.Methods: The analytical cross-sectional study included 50 hypothyroid subjects with TSH levels >4.5 mcg IU/mL and 50 euthyroid subjects of 20-50 years in RMCH, Bareilly. TSH was estimated by ECLIA, serum calcium and phosphorus were estimated by autoanalyzer and serum zinc & magnesium by the kit method using semi autoanalyzer. All the biochemical parameters were expressed as median with Interquartile Range (IQR). Mann-Whitney test was applied to compare the parameters of cases and control. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient 2-tailed was used to correlate the parameters among the cases.Results: A significantly decreased level of serum calcium and increased level of serum magnesium and phosphorus were observed in hypothyroid cases. A significant negative correlation between TSH and serum calcium while a significant positive correlation of serum magnesium and phosphorus with TSH was observed.Conclusions: The indexed study indicates the significant effect of overt or subclinical hypothyroidism over the mineral status of the body which may have inconsistent effect over the various metabolism and enzymes and thereby clinical manifestations.
Study prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in diabetics with coronary artery disease at a large tertiary care teaching hospital in North India
Authors: Bhat Sajad Hussain , Dar Mohd Yousuf , Majeed Aadil
Published: January 2020

Background: Peripheral arterial disease and coronary artery disease have similar factors. The extent and severity of PAD is significantly associated with presence and severity of CAD.Methods: Patients were interviewed and clinical profile of patients including risk factors of coronary artery disease like diabetes, hypertension, smoking, dyslipidemia, obesity and family history of coronary artery disease were assessed and recorded in the proforma. Information regarding demographics, co morbidity, past history and family history was collected. Physical examination of each patient was carried and basic anthropometric data: height, weight, BMI and blood pressure, peripheral pulses calculated. Investigations both non- invasive and invasive including peripheral angiography were recorded.Results: In this prospective study fifty (50) type 2 diabetes patients admitted with CAD were studied whose mean age was 55.6+8.2 and mean duration of diabetes was 6.8+8.4. In this study none of the patients with PAD had single atherosclerosis risk factors including diabetes. 30% patients were having two risk factors. PAD in in patients with CAD is particularly enhanced by the concomitant occurrence of two or more of these risk factors (p=0.016). Hypertension as a predictor of PAD was statistically significant (p=0.0037). In this study the duration of diabetes was <5 years in 10%, 5-10 years in 40% and >10 years in 40% of patients with angiographically proven PAD.Conclusions: It was observed that presence and severity CAD was significantly associated with PAD.
Retroperitoneal lymphangiectasia: a great clinical masquerade
Authors: Manwar Siddhant Uttam , Joshi Manisha Vishnu , Shetty Devdas Sudhakar , Bhalerao Upendra Diwakar
Published: January 2020

Retroperitoneal lymphangiectasia is a very rare lymphatic disorder characterized by abnormal proliferation of lymphatics. We present series of 3 cases of retroperitoneal lymphangiectasia which are diagnosed in our institute with the help of Ultrasonography (USG), Computed Tomography (CT) and Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of abdomen and pelvis with unusual clinical presentation. We include clinical features and imaging findings of this disorder with its pathogenesis and diagnosis. Two of the cases were clinically masquerading as hernia and one case was mimicking varicocele. Thorough clinical examination and USG, colour Doppler, CT and MRI are extremely helpful imaging investigation that aid in differentiating these lesions from hernia/ varicocele and the cross sectional imaging like CT and MRI can  depict the anatomical extent of the disease.