bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical outcomes between calcium channel blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers in hypertensive patients without established cardiovascular diseases during a 3-year follow-up
Authors: Jeong Han Saem , Lim Hong‐Seok , Park Hun-Jun , Lee Wang-Soo , Choi Jin-Oh , Lee Hui Seung , Jo Sang-Ho , Hong Soon Jun
Published: January 2021

Although both angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are all suitable for the initiation of antihypertensive treatment, studies investigating efficacy and safety between ARBs and CCBs are limited, and there is no previous study comparing their clinical outcomes during long-term follow-up periods in real world setting. We compared cardiovascular (CV) events between ARBs and CCBs in 464,948 hypertensive adults using the Korean National Health Insurance Service database during a 3-year follow-up. The patients with hypertension without heart failure, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, or peripheral artery disease were enrolled. The CV events between only single prescription of CCBs and ARBs were finally compared. The primary endpoint for this study was the first occurrence of a major adverse CV events, defined as the composite of all-cause death, cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke. ARB was significantly more administered in male and patients with higher income, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney diseases, and higher Charlson comorbidity index. The primary endpoints occurred in 10,526 patients (5.2%) in the ARB group and in 19,363 patients (7.3%) in the CCB group (p < 0.001) during a 3-year follow-up (HR 0.96, 95% CI 0.93–0.98). All the components of CV events including all-cause death, cardiac death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, and nonfatal stroke occurred more frequently in the CCB group. With multivariable models adjusting age, sex, income, diabetes, chronic kidney disease, and Charlson comorbidity index, the primary endpoints less frequently developed in the ARB group than in the CCB group (HR 0.957, 95% CI 0.933–0.983, p < 0.001). After the propensity-score matching, baseline characteristics were similar and still showed significantly better primary endpoints in ARB group than CCB group (5.3% vs. 5.8%, p < 0.001). In this nationwide population-based simple hypertension study, administration of ARBs showed superior protection against CV events than CCBs during a 3-year follow-up. Our results suggest that ARBs could be preferred over CCBs as the initial choice of antihypertensive treatment regardless of age in real-world practice.
Live cell dynamics of production, explosive release and killing activity of phage tail-like weapons for Pseudomonas kin exclusion
Authors: Vacheron Jordan , Heiman Clara Margot , Keel Christoph
Published: January 2021

Interference competition among bacteria requires a highly specialized, narrow-spectrum weaponry when targeting closely-related competitors while sparing individuals from the same clonal population. Here we investigated mechanisms by which environmentally importantPseudomonasbacteria with plant-beneficial activity perform kin interference competition. We show that killing between phylogenetically closely-related strains involves contractile phage tail-like devices called R-tailocins that puncture target cell membranes. Using live-cell imaging, we evidence that R-tailocins are produced at the cell center, transported to the cell poles and ejected by explosive cell lysis. This enables their dispersal over several tens of micrometers to reach targeted cells. We visualize R-tailocin-mediated competition dynamics between closely-relatedPseudomonasstrains at the single-cell level, both in non-induced condition and upon artificial induction. We document the fatal impact of cellular self-sacrifice coupled to deployment of phage tail-like weaponry in the microenvironment of kin bacterial competitors, emphasizing the necessity for microscale assessment of microbial competitions.
BMP-2 and VEGF-A modRNAs in collagen scaffold synergistically drive bone repair through osteogenic and angiogenic pathways
Authors: Geng Yingnan , Duan Huichuan , Xu Liang , Witman Nevin , Yan Bingqian , Yu Zheyuan , Wang Huijing , Tan Yao , Lin Liqin , Li Dong , Bai Shanshan , Fritsche-Danielson Regina , Yuan Jie , Chien Kenneth , Wei Min , Fu Wei
Published: January 2021

Bone has a remarkable potential for self-healing and repair, yet several injury types are non-healing even after surgical or non-surgical treatment. Regenerative therapies that induce bone repair or improve the rate of recovery are being intensely investigated. Here, we probed the potential of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) engineered with chemically modified mRNAs (modRNA) encoding the hBMP-2 and VEGF-A gene to therapeutically heal bone. Induction of osteogenesis from modRNA-treated BMSCs was confirmed by expression profiles of osteogenic related markers and the presence of mineralization deposits. To test for therapeutic efficacy, a collagen scaffold inoculated with modRNA-treated BMSCs was explored in an in vivo skull defect model. We show that hBMP-2 and VEGF-A modRNAs synergistically drive osteogenic and angiogenic programs resulting in superior healing properties. This study exploits chemically modified mRNAs, together with biomaterials, as a potential approach for the clinical treatment of bone injury and defects.
Quantum dissipative adaptation
Authors: Valente Daniel , Brito Frederico , Werlang Thiago
Published: January 2021

Dissipative adaptation is a general thermodynamic mechanism that explains self-organization in a broad class of driven classical many-body systems. It establishes how the most likely (adapted) states of a system subjected to a given drive tend to be those following trajectories of highest work absorption, followed by dissipated heat to the reservoir. Here, we extend the dissipative adaptation phenomenon to the quantum realm. We employ a fully-quantized exactly solvable model, where the source of work on a three-level system is a single-photon pulse added to a zero-temperature infinite environment, a scenario that cannot be treated by the classical framework. We find a set of equalities relating adaptation likelihood, absorbed work, heat dissipation and variation of the informational entropy of the environment. Our proof of principle provides the starting point towards a quantum thermodynamics of driven self-organization.
Large flux-mediated coupling in hybrid electromechanical system with a transmon qubit
Authors: Bera Tanmoy , Majumder Sourav , Sahu Sudhir Kumar , Singh Vibhor
Published: January 2021

Control over the quantum states of a massive oscillator is important for several technological applications and to test the fundamental limits of quantum mechanics. Addition of an internal degree of freedom to the oscillator could be a valuable resource for such control. Recently, hybrid electromechanical systems using superconducting qubits, based on electric-charge mediated coupling, have been quite successful. Here, we show a hybrid device, consisting of a superconducting transmon qubit and a mechanical resonator coupled using the magnetic-flux. The coupling stems from the quantum-interference of the superconducting phase across the tunnel junctions. We demonstrate a vacuum electromechanical coupling rate up to 4 kHz by making the transmon qubit resonant with the readout cavity. Consequently, thermal-motion of the mechanical resonator is detected by driving the hybridized-mode with mean-occupancy well below one photon. By tuning qubit away from the cavity, electromechanical coupling can be enhanced to 40 kHz. In this limit, a small coherent drive on the mechanical resonator results in the splitting of qubit spectrum, and we observe interference signature arising from the Landau-Zener-Stückelberg effect. With improvements in qubit coherence, this system offers a platform to realize rich interactions and could potentially provide full control over the quantum motional states.
Development and biological applications of sulfur–triazole exchange (SuTEx) chemistry
Authors: Borne Adam L. , Brulet Jeffrey W. , Yuan Kun , Hsu Ku-Lung
Published: January 2021

This review discusses the development of sulfonyl–triazoles and highlights the merits and opportunities for deploying this sulfur electrophile for biological discovery.
Stable supercapacitor electrode based on two-dimensional high nucleus silver nano-clusters as a green energy source
Authors: Zhuge Jing , Rouhani Farzaneh , Bigdeli Fahime , Gao Xue-Mei , Kaviani Hamed , Li Hong-Jing , Wang Wei , Hu Mao-Lin , Liu Kuan-Guan , Morsali Ali
Published: January 2021

A novel 2D high nucleus silver nano-cluster was designed and synthesized by the combination of two synthesis methods (ultra-sonication and solvothermal) and was used as a supercapacitor electrode.
A T2ex MRI Dy-based contrast agent for direct pH imaging using a ratiometric approach
Authors: Zhang Yi , Zhao Kelu , He Haonan , Wan Sikang , Martins Andre F. , Zhang Lei , Liu Kai
Published: January 2021

We developed a series of T2ex MRI probes which helped achieve concentration-independent and direct pH mapping in physiological pH ranges.
Nanoemulsion-based delivery approaches for nutraceuticals: fabrication, application, characterization, biological fate, potential toxicity and future trends
Authors: Li Guotao , Zhang Zhengyu , Liu Haofan , Hu Liandong
Published: January 2021

Edible nanoemulsions to encapsulate, protect and deliver lipophilic functional ingredients are receiving increasing attention in the modern food industry.
The effect of curcumin encapsulation into yeast glucan particles on antioxidant enzyme expression in vitro
Authors: Treml Jakub , Šalamúnová Petra , Hanuš Jaroslav , Hošek Jan
Published: January 2021

Our results have shown a positive effect of a mixture of GPs and curcumin on Nrf2/ARE activation. Also, there was an observable increase of the expression of superoxide dismutase 1 (by the mixture) and heme oxygenase 1 (by composites).
Synthesis and characterization of metal–organic framework/biomass-derived CoSe/C@C hierarchical structures with excellent sodium storage performance
Authors: Zhang Xi , He Peijie , Dong Bowen , Mu Nan , Liu Yangai , Yang Tao , Mi Ruiyu
Published: January 2021

CoSe/C@C hierarchical composites were fabricated using ZIF-67 and CMC aerogel as the precursor following freeze-drying and in-situ selenization. CoSe/C@C composites exhibited excellent cycling stability and outstanding Na+ storage performance.
Biotransformation of guttiferones, Symphonia globulifera metabolites, by Bipolaris cactivora, an endophytic fungus isolated from its leaves
Authors: Menelle Pauline , Quintin Jérôme , Cottet Kevin , Fromentin Yann , Dupont Joëlle , Lallemand Marie-Christine , Buisson Didier
Published: January 2021

Biotransformations by endophytes of host-plant metabolites allow to produce molecular diversity and obtain molecules that are little present in the plant.
Asymmetric bismuth-rhodamines as an activatable fluorogenic photosensitizer
Authors: Mukaimine Akari , Hirayama Tasuku , Nagasawa Hideko
Published: January 2021

An enzyme-activatable fluorogenic photosensitizer based on asymmetric bismuth-rhodamine was developed.
The platination mechanism of RNase A by arsenoplatin: insight from the theoretical study
Authors: Parise A. , Russo N. , Marino T.
Published: January 2021

A detailed metalation process of the bovine pancreatic ribonuclease (RNase A) by a novel multitarget anti-cancer agent arsenoplatin-1, ([Pt(μ-NHC(CH3)O)2ClAs(OH)2]), performed at DFT level and using different models size is provided.
Isoishwarane synthase from Streptomyces lincolnensis
Authors: Xu Houchao , Rinkel Jan , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: January 2021

The product of a terpene synthase from Streptomyces lincolnensis has been identified as the new natural product isoishwarane. The enzyme mechanism was studied by isotopic labelling experiments and site-directed mutagenesis.
Interpenetrated biosurfactant-silk fibroin networks – a SANS study
Authors: Lassenberger Andrea , Martel Anne , Porcar Lionel , Baccile Niki
Published: January 2021

A small angle neutron scattering study reveals the structure of silk-fibroin sophorolipid composites to be interpenetrated, fibrous networks with the individual components retaining their initial structures.
Magneto-responsive hydrogels by self-assembly of low molecular weight peptides and crosslinking with iron oxide nanoparticles
Authors: Nowak Benedikt P. , Niehues Maximilian , Ravoo Bart Jan
Published: January 2021

Hydrogels that respond to non-invasive, external stimuli such as a magnetic field are of exceptional interest for the development of adaptive soft materials.
ATP mediated stimuli responsive supramolecular assembly
Authors: Datta Lakshmi Priya
Published: January 2021

Adenosine triphosphate has been introduced as biological building unit to develop pH and enzyme responsive compartmentalized supramolecular assemblies sequestering metal nanoparticles and doxorubicin in the core and increase therapeutic efficacy.
Electrokinetic effect and H2O2 boosting in synthetic graphene/α-FeOOH aerogel films for the generation of electricity
Authors: Wang Wei , Gong Wenbin , Wang Yaqiong , Li Guangyong , Lu Weibang , You Yezi , Zhang Xuetong
Published: January 2021

Novel catalytic α-FeOOH/graphene aerogel films for high performance hydrovoltaic power generation devices have been developed with an exceptionally high power density of 47 mW m−2 upon the addition of H2O2 to the saline solution.
Holey cobalt oxyhydroxide nanosheets for the oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Hong Qing-Ling , Zhai Quan-Guo , Liang Xiao-Li , Yang Yun , Li Fu-Min , Jiang Yu-Cheng , Hu Man-Cheng , Li Shu-Ni , Chen Yu
Published: January 2021

Holey CoOOH nanosheets (CoOOH HNSs) are easily synthesized by a successive coordination–oxidation–hydrolysis strategy.
Perceptions of Black Children's Narrative Language: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Mills Monique T. , Moore Leslie C. , Chang Rong , Kim Somin , Frick Bethany
Published: January 2021

Purpose

In this mixed-methods study, we address two aims. First, we examine the impact of language variation on the ratings of children's narrative language. Second, we identify participants' ideologies related to narrative language and language variation.

Method

Forty adults listened to and rated six Black second-grade children on the quality of 12 narratives (six fictional, six personal). Adults then completed a quantitative survey and participated in a qualitative interview.

Results

Findings indicated that adults rated students with less variation from mainstream American English (MAE) more highly than students with greater variation from MAE for fictional narratives, but not for personal narratives. Personal narratives tended to be evaluated more favorably by parents than teachers. Black raters tended to assign higher ratings of narrative quality than did White raters. Thematic analysis and conversation analysis of qualitative interviews supported quantitative findings and provided pertinent information about participants' beliefs.

Conclusion

Taken together, quantitative and qualitative results point to a shared language ideology among adult raters of variation from MAE being more acceptable in informal contexts, such as telling a story of personal experience, and less acceptable in more formal contexts, such as narrating a fictional story prompted by a picture sequence.
Stability of Literacy Profiles of Adolescents With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Associations With Stakeholder Perceptions of Appropriate High School Support Needs
Authors: McIntyre Nancy S. , Tomaszewski Brianne , Hume Kara A. , Odom Samuel L.
Published: January 2021

Purpose

For many individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), postsecondary outcomes are poor. This may be due to insufficient academic supports, particularly with regard to literacy skills, during high school. More information is needed about skill profiles so that we can better differentiate support for students with varying social, communication, cognitive, and academic proficiency levels. This study was designed to (a) identify unique literacy profiles of high school students with ASD, (b) assess profile stability over time, (c) identify predictors of profile membership, and (d) analyze stakeholder reports of required school support intensity.

Method

Participants were a diverse sample of high school students with ASD, 14–21 years old (
N
= 544), their parents, and their teachers who participated in a randomized controlled trial of a comprehensive treatment model for high school students with ASD. Standardized measures were administered to assess nonverbal IQ, autism symptomatology, language/adaptive communication, reading comprehension, academic knowledge, and parent/teacher report of school support needs intensity. Latent transition analysis was conducted to examine sample heterogeneity and to explore the stability of the profiles. Associations between profiles and reports of support intensity were examined.

Results

Four literacy profiles were identified that were stable over 2 years: Emergent Literacy/Comprehensive Support, Low Literacy/Intensive Support, Average Literacy/Moderate Support, and Average Literacy/Limited Support
.
Parent and teacher reports of school support intensity generally aligned with the profiles.

Conclusions

These analyses provide insight into the diverse literacy and support needs in ASD. Implications for practice and the role of speech-language pathologists in assessment and intervention are discussed.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.13495119
Revisiting the active power direction method
Authors: Shcherbakova Polina , Senderovych Gennady , Abramovitz Alexander
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a re‐examination of the active power direction method for locating the distortion sources in the power distribution network. The inaccuracies in the earlier analysis challenging the active power direction method are identified, and the claim of the inconsistency of the method is re‐examined. The article shows the derivation of the expression for the complex power, from which the equation for the active power flow through the point of measurement was derived in an explicit and in a normalised form. The derivations allow establishing the consumer dominance range at any harmonic frequency easily. Simulation results decisively support the theoretical findings. It is suggested that the main cause of uncertainty associated with the active power direction method is the stochastic nature of the amplitude and, especially, the phase between the harmonic current components.
Iterative multi‐scale residual network for deblurring
Authors: Zhang Tianlin , Li Jinjiang , Hua Zhen
Published: January 2021

In dynamic scene deblurring, recent neural network–based methods have been very successful. But with the improvement of deep deblurring performance, network structure and learning become more complicated. Compared with large‐scale network parameters and complex network structures, an iterative multi‐scale residual network to achieve a more effective parameter sharing scheme is proposed. In each iterative unit, fast multi‐scale residual blocks to replace superimposed convolutional layers or classic residual blocks are used. On the basis of preventing model overfitting, the receptive field of the network is increased. At the same time, the gated recurrent unit is introduced to connect modules of different stages. The model does not rely on the estimation of the blur kernel and directly generates sharp images in an end‐to‐end manner. The experimental structure on the benchmark dataset and real‐world images showed that this method has better quality than the existing methods in terms of large‐scale blur and subjective perception effects, both in quantitative and qualitative terms.
Radio halos in a mass-selected sample of 75 galaxy clusters
Authors: Cuciti V. , Cassano R. , Brunetti G. , Dallacasa D. , de Gasperin F. , Ettori S. , Giacintucci S. , Kale R. , Pratt G. W. , van Weeren R. J. , Venturi T.
Published: January 2021

Context. Many galaxy clusters host megaparsec-scale diffuse radio sources called radio halos. Their origin is tightly connected to the processes that lead to the formation of clusters themselves. In order to reveal this connection, statistical studies of the radio properties of clusters combined with their thermal properties are necessary. For this purpose, we selected a sample of galaxy clusters with M500 ≥ 6 × 1014 M⊙ and z = 0.08 − 0.33 from the Planck Sunyaev–Zel’dovich catalogue. In Paper I, we presented the radio and X-ray data analysis that we carried out on the clusters of this sample.

Aims. In this paper we exploit the wealth of data presented in Paper I to study the radio properties of the sample, in connection to the mass and dynamical state of clusters.

Methods. We used the dynamical information derived from the X-ray data to assess the role of mergers in the origin of radio halos. We studied the distribution of clusters in the radio power–mass diagram, the scaling between the radio luminosity of radio halos and the mass of the host clusters, and the role of dynamics in the radio luminosity and emissivity of radio halos. We measured the occurrence of radio halos as a function of the cluster mass and we compared it with the expectations of models developed in the framework of turbulent acceleration.

Results. We find that more than the 90% of radio halos are in merging clusters and that their radio power correlates with the mass of the host clusters. The correlation shows a large dispersion. Interestingly, we show that cluster dynamics contributes significantly to this dispersion, with more disturbed clusters being more radio luminous. Clusters without radio halos are generally relaxed, and the upper limits to their diffuse emission lie below the correlation. Moreover, we show that the radio emissivity of clusters exhibits an apparent bimodality, with the emissivity of radio halos being at least ∼5 times larger than the non-emission associated with more relaxed clusters. We find that the fraction of radio halos drops from ∼70% in high-mass clusters to ∼35% in the lower mass systems in the sample and we show that this result is in good agreement with the expectations from turbulent re-acceleration models.
Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS)
Authors: Lim D. , Koch-Hansen A. J. , Chung C. , Johnson C. I. , Kunder A. , Simion I. T. , Rich R. M. , Clarkson W. I. , Pilachowski C. A. , Michael S. , Vivas A. K. , Young M. D.
Published: January 2021

Red clump (RC) stars are one of the best stellar tracers of the structure of the Milky Way (MW) bulge. Here we report a new view of the double RC through luminosity and color distributions of RC stars in nine bulge fields (l = 0.0°, ±4.5°; b = −6.0°, −7.5°, −9.0°) from the Blanco DECam Bulge Survey (BDBS), which covers near-ultraviolet to near-infrared bandpasses. The bright and faint RCs show contrasting distributions in (u − g)0 and (u − i)0 colors but similar distributions in (J − Ks)0 with a variation depending on the Galactic longitude, where the bright RC is typically redder than the faint RC. In particular, the RC stars are clearly divided into the bluer and redder populations when using the (u − g)0 color ((u − g)0 < 2.5 for the bluer RC; (u − g)0 ≥ 2.5 for the redder RC). The bluer stars show a single clump on the faint RC regime, whereas the redder stars form double clumps on both the bright and faint RCs. The bright clump of the redder stars is dominant in the positive longitude fields, while the faint clump of those red stars is significant at negative longitudes. We also confirm that the bluer and redder stars have different peak metallicity through comparison with spectroscopy (Δ[Fe/H] ∼ 0.45 dex). Therefore, our results support a scenario whereby the MW bulge is composed of a spheroid of metal-poor stars and a boxy/peanut shape (X-shape) predominantly made up of metal-rich stars.
Neutrons for science
Authors: Jacrot Bernard
Published: January 2021

In 1967, France and Germany agreed to cooperate on the construction and commissioning of a nuclear reactor dedicated to research in physics, chemistry and biology. This book tells the story of the beginnings of this project and shows how, with the right organisation, it was possible to optimise the use of the reactor.
A neural network approach for improved bearing prognostics of wind turbine generators
Authors: Kramti Sharaf Eddine , Ben Ali Jaouher , Saidi Lotfi , Sayadi Mounir , Bouchouicha Moez , Bechhoefer Eric
Published: January 2021

Condition monitoring of High-Speed Shaft Bearing (HSSB) in Wind Turbine Generators (WTGs) remains a challenging subject for industrial and academic studies. The investigation of mechanical vibration signals presents the most popular method in the literature. Consequently, this work involves a novel data-driven approach for direct HSSB prognosis using the vibration analysis. The proposed method is based on the computation of traditional statistical metrics derived both from the time-domain and frequency-domain via Spectral Kurtosis (SK). Then, the selection of the most suitable features was made using three metrics (monotonicity, trendability, prognosablity) to guarantee a better generalization of the trained Elman Neural Network (ENN). The validation of the proposed method was done using the benchmark of the center for Intelligent Maintenance Systems (IMS) for training and real measured Green Power Monitoring Systems (GPMS) data for testing. We have provided two links for downloading these data sets. The experimental results show that the proposed approach presents a powerful prediction tool. Comparative results with previous work show several advantages for the proposed combination of statistical metrics and ENN, such as the external prediction and real online estimation of the Remaining Useful Life (RUL). Also, some new practical findings are provided in the discussion.
Design parameters analysis and verification of angular vibration sensor based on magnetohydrodynamics
Authors: Wang Kundong , Ma Youwei , Wu Jianming , Zhu Qinghua , Gu Yue , Qi Hongli
Published: January 2021

The angular vibration is concerned in many fields such as satellite platform, manufacturing equipment for micro-electromechanical systems. However, the angular vibration with a frequency more than 15 Hz is difficult to be measured by traditional gyroscopes. The angular vibration sensor based on Magnetohydrodynamics can meet the requirements of both wide bandwidth and higher precision. In order to optimize the structure, a response of conducting fluid in the static magnetic field to the angular vibration is modeled in this paper. Based on this model, the sensitivity of the design parameters of magnetic field intensity, conducting fluids' height and width are analyzed to get an optimized parameter for higher precision and bandwidth. A prototype was developed to verify the analysis and optimization. The experiment results showed that the model is accurate with 6.7% error in lower-cut-off frequency and 1.4% error in scale factor. It can meet the design requirement of 6–1000 Hz.
Bottom-up and top-down effects on phytoplankton functional groups in Hulun Lake, China
Authors: Ma Chengxue , Zhao Chang , Mwagona Patteson Chula , Li Ziyu , Liu Zixuan , Dou Huashan , Zhou Xuehong , Bhadha Jehangir H.
Published: January 2021

The debates about the extent to which phytoplankton in freshwater ecosystems are regulated by top-down or bottom-up forces have been ongoing for decades. This study examines the effects of bottom-up and top-down factors on the phytoplankton functional groups in a eutrophic lake. Phytoplankton and zooplankton were sampled and physical-chemical variables measured from May 2019 to October 2019 in Lake Hulun, China. Approximately 43 phytoplankton species were observed and grouped into 23 functional groups. For the zooplankton, about 27 species were observed and classified into 8 functional groups. The study revealed that the bottom-up effects of physical-chemical variables on some phytoplankton functional groups was stronger than the top-down effects of zooplankton. Water temperature (WT), total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), conductivity (Cond), water transparency (SD), and dissolved oxygen (DO) significant influence the biomass of the phytoplankton functional groups. The biomass of phytoplankton functional groups was influenced positively by nutrient availability likely because nutrients influence the growth and reproduction of phytoplankton in freshwater. WT and DO had a positive influence on biomass of phytoplankton functional groups. Conversely, phytoplankton biomass revealed a decreasing trend when SD and Cond significantly increased. This study showed that zooplankton functional groups were positively correlated with phytoplankton biomass implying that the top-down control of phytoplankton by the zooplankton in the lake is not strong enough to produce a negative effect. It is evident that the zooplankton functional groups in Lake Hulun are controlled more by bottom-up force than top-down.
Preparation of high-strength biochar composite briquette for blast furnace ironmaking
Authors: Yu Zi , Liu Zhu , Tang Huiqing , Xue Qingguo
Published: January 2021

In this research, using iron-oxide fines (average size: 2.5 μm) and biochar fines (average size: 50.0 μm), the biochar composite briquette (BCB) for blast furnace (BF) application was prepared by cold briquetting followed by heat treatment. The preparing conditions were optimized regarding its cold crushing strength. Anti-pulverization capability, reaction development, and structure evolution of the optimally-designed BCB under simulated BF conditions were then examined. Results of optimizing BCB preparation conditions showed that a heating temperature of 1073 K was optimal for preparing the BCB. The optimally-designed BCB contained 11.10 wt.% carbon, 72.21 wt.% Fe3O4, 11.25 wt.% FeO, and 0.77 wt.% Fe, 6.44 wt.% gangue, and had a cold crushing strength of 1800 N/briquette. Results of BCB behavior under simulated BF conditions showed that the cold crushing strength after partial reaction of the BCB ranged from 1500 N/briquette to 5500 N/briquette and its maximum volume shrinkage degree was 0.45. The high anti-pulverization capability of the BCB was supported by the slag matrix or the iron network. Under the simulated BF conditions, the BCB underwent five stages of reduction by atmosphere, partial self-reduction and reduction by atmosphere, full self-reduction, partial self-reduction and gasification by atmosphere, and gasification by atmosphere. It is inferred from the experimental findings that, by charging the BCB in BF, an increase of top gas utilization efficiency could be realized, and a favorable influence on lowering the temperature level of the thermal reserve zone could be obtained.
The complete mitochondrial genome of Dermacentor (Indocentor) auratus (Acari, Ixodidae)
Authors: Chavatte Jean-Marc , Octavia Sophie
Published: January 2021

Dermacentor (Indocentor) auratus Supino, 1897 is a prominent ixodid vector of numerous pathogens of public health and veterinary importance. Using long-range PCR of two overlapping regions sequenced on an Illumina MiSeq machine, the complete mitochondrial genome of D. auratus is reported here. The resulting contigs were able to be assembled into a complete and circularised genome which had the general organisation of the mitochondrial genomes of the Metastriates. It had a total length of 14,766 bp and contained 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and 2 ribosomal RNA genes, as well as 2 non-coding control regions and 3 tick-boxes. The phylogenetic analysis on the whole mitogenome confirmed the position of D. auratus within the Dermacentor clade.
Tiefe Hirnstimulation bei Morbus Parkinson
Authors: Nikolov Petyo , Groiss Stefan Jun , Schnitzler Alfons
Published: January 2021

Die tiefe Hirnstimulation ist eine etablierte und evidenzbasierte Therapieoption für die Behandlung des fortgeschrittenen Morbus Parkinson. Es handelt sich um eine symptomatische Behandlung mit dem primären Ziel, die Lebensqualität des Patienten zu verbessern. Der operative Eingriff gilt als relativ komplikationsarm.
Elicitation of US and Chinese expert judgments show consistent views on solar geoengineering
Authors: Dai Zhen , Burns Elizabeth T. , Irvine Peter J. , Tingley Dustin H. , Xu Jianhua , Keith David W.
Published: January 2021

Expert judgments on solar geoengineering (SG) inform policy decisions and influence public opinions. We performed face-to-face interviews using formal expert elicitation methods with 13 US and 13 Chinese climate experts randomly selected from IPCC authors or supplemented by snowball sampling. We compare their judgments on climate change, SG research, governance, and deployment. In contrast to existing literature that often stress factors that might differentiate China from western democracies on SG, we found few significant differences between quantitative judgments of US and Chinese experts. US and Chinese experts differed on topics, such as desired climate scenario and the preferred venue for international regulation of SG, providing some insight into divergent judgments that might shape future negotiations about SG policy. We also gathered closed-form survey results from 19 experts with >10 publications on SG. Both expert groups supported greatly increased research, recommending SG research funding of ~5% on average (10th–90th percentile range was 1–10%) of climate science budgets compared to actual budgets of <0.3% in 2018. Climate experts chose far less SG deployment in future climate policies than did SG experts.
Impacts of fuel nonequidiffusivity on premixed flame propagation in channels with open ends
Authors: Abidakun Olatunde , Adebiyi Abdulafeez , Valiev Damir , Akkerman V’yacheslav
Published: January 2021

The present study scrutinizes premixed flame dynamics in micro-channels, thereby shedding light on advanced miniature micro-combustion technologies. While equidiffusive burning (when the Lewis number Le = 1) is a conventional approach adopted in numerous theoretical studies, real premixed flames are typically non-equidiffusive (Le ≠ 1), which leads to intriguing effects, such as diffusional-thermal instability. An equidiffusive computational study [V. Akkerman et al., Combust. Flame 145, 675–687 (2006)] reported regular oscillations of premixed flames spreading in channels having nonslip walls and open extremes. Here, this investigation is extended to non-equidiffusive combustion in order to systematically study the impact of the Lewis number on the flame in this geometry. The analysis is performed by means of computational simulations of the reacting flow equations with fully-compressible hydrodynamics and one-step Arrhenius chemical kinetics in channels with adiabatic and isothermal walls. In the adiabatic channels, which are the main case of study, it is found that the flames oscillate at low Lewis numbers, with the oscillation frequency decreasing with Le, while for the Le > 1 flames, a tendency to steady flame propagation is observed. The oscillation parameters also depend on the thermal expansion ratio and the channel width, although the impacts are rather quantitative than qualitative. The analysis is subsequently extended to the isothermal channels. It is shown that the role of heat losses to the walls is important and may potentially dominate over that of the Lewis number. At the same time, the impact of Le on burning in the isothermal channels is qualitatively weaker than that in the adiabatic channels.
DNA origami based superconducting nanowires
Authors: Shani Lior , Tinnefeld Philip , Fleger Yafit , Sharoni Amos , Shapiro Boris Ya. , Shaulov Avner , Gang Oleg , Yeshurun Yosef
Published: January 2021

Utilizing self-assembled DNA structures in the development of nanoelectronic circuits requires transforming the DNA strands into highly conducting wires. Toward this end, we investigate the use of DNA self-assembled nanowires as templates for the deposition of a superconducting material. Nanowires formed by the deposition of superconducting NbN exhibit thermally activated and quantum phase slips as well as exceptionally large negative magnetoresistance. The latter effect can be utilized to suppress a significant part of the low temperature resistance caused by the quantum phase slips.
Instability of a tangential discontinuity surface in a three-dimensional compressible medium
Authors: Le Thi Thai , Koch Thorsten
Published: January 2021

Compressible flows appear in many natural and technological processes, for instance, the flow of natural gases in a pipe system. Thus, a detailed study of the stability of tangential velocity discontinuity in compressible media is relevant and necessary. The first early investigation in two-dimensional (2D) media was given more than 70 years ago. In this article, we continue investigating the stability in three-dimensional (3D) media. The idealized statement of this problem in an infinite spatial space was studied by Syrovatskii in 1954. However, the omission of the absolute sign of cos θ with θ being the angle between vectors of velocity and wave number in a certain inequality produced the inaccurate conclusion that the flow is always unstable for entire values of the Mach number M. First, we revisit this case to arrive at the correct conclusion, namely that the discontinuity surface is stabilized for a large Mach number with a given value of the angle θ. Next, we introduce a real finite spatial system such that it is bounded by solid walls along the flow direction. We show that the discontinuity surface is stable if and only if the dispersion relation equation has only real roots, with a large value of the Mach number; otherwise, the surface is always unstable. In particular, we show that a smaller critical value of the Mach number is required to make the flow in a narrow channel stable.
Wireless, soft electronics for rapid, multisensor measurements of hydration levels in healthy and diseased skin
Authors: Kwon Kyeongha , Wang Heling , Lim Jaeman , Chun Keum San , Jang Hokyung , Yoo Injae , Wu Derek , Chen Alyssa Jie , Gu Carol Ge , Lipschultz Lindsay , Kim Jong Uk , Kim Jihye , Jeong Hyoyoung , Luan Haiwen , Park Yoonseok , Su Chun-Ju , Ishida Yui , Madhvapathy Surabhi R. , Ikoma Akihiko , Kwak Jean Won , Yang Da Som , Banks Anthony , Xu Shuai , Huang Yonggang , Chang Jan-Kai , Rogers John A.
Published: January 2021

Significance

Wireless electronics for monitoring of skin hydration in a quantitative fashion have broad relevance to our understanding of dermatological health and skin structure in both clinical and home settings. Here, we present a miniaturized, long-range automated system that adheres gently to the skin to yield quantitative recordings of skin water content for both epidermis and dermis. This system supports capabilities in characterizing skin barrier, assessing severity of skin diseases, and evaluating cosmetic and medication efficacy, with high levels of repeatability and insensitivity to ambient. Benchtop and pilot studies on patients with skin diseases highlight key features of these devices and their potential for broad utility in clinical research and in home settings to guide the management of disorders of the skin.
Vitamin D, VDR, and probiotics in health and disease
Authors: Abboud Myriam
Published: January 2021

We summarize the recent evidence of the interplay between vitamin D, its receptor (VDR), and probiotics in modulating gut microbiota in health and disease, with a focus on metabolic and gastrointestinal diseases. While vitamin D/VDR and probiotics may open promising preventive and therapeutic avenues, confirmatory research is still needed.
Article Commentary: Dismantling Racism Against Black, Indigenous, and People of Color across the Substance use Continuum: A Position Statement of the Association for Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Substance use and Addiction
Authors: Hagle Holly N. , Martin Marlene , Winograd Rachel , Merlin Jessica , Finnell Deborah S. , Bratberg Jeffrey P. , Gordon Adam J. , Johnson Cheyenne , Levy Sharon , MacLane-Baeder Doreen , Northup Rebecca , Weinstein Zoe , Lum Paula J.
Published: January 2021

The Association for Multidisciplinary Education and Research in Substance Use and Addiction (AMERSA) acknowledges that racism profoundly affects persons who use alcohol and other drugs. Racism's deadly effects compounded with other social determinants of health result in a cascade of negative impacts. The AMERSA Board of Directors (BOD) proposes an initial set of strategies to promote diversity, equity, and inclusion using a framework that speaks to four key AMERSA experiences: engagement, education, mentorship, and leadership. Through these strategies, AMERSA commits to promoting equity and inclusion to dismantle the individual, institutional, and structural racism that has permeated the United States for centuries. Abstracts of paper and poster presentations are also provided (Supplemental Material).
Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Emission Mitigation and Ecosystem Adaptation along Belt and Road Initiative
Authors: Zhang Lei , Chen Minpeng , Teng Fei , Ewing Jackson
Published: January 2021

Since its launch in 2013, the Chinese Road and Belt Innitiative (BRI) has grown into a platform for any countries and regions that wish to participate, with global connectivity as the orienting goal. However, since its inception, concerns over the BRI’s potential impacts on ecology, environment and resilience, as well as its implications for global climate change and sustainability, have gathered force. As this thematic issue goes to press, these already complex BRI issues have been compounded by challenges from the COVID-19 pandemic. Whether and how the BRI can meet these challenges are questions worthy of deep exploration. This emerging BRI scholarship studied various aspects of BRI activities. However, major knowledge gaps remain regarding BRI impacts on GHG emission and on climate adaptation and sustainable resource management more broadly. To this end, this thematic issue aims to contribute to deeper understandings of climate and environmental changes along the BRI by bringing together state-of-art research and views on climate change patterns, trends, risks, impacts and adaptation.
Image-based pooled whole-genome CRISPRi screening for subcellular phenotypes
Authors: Kanfer Gil , Sarraf Shireen A. , Maman Yaakov , Baldwin Heather , Dominguez-Martin Eunice , Johnson Kory R. , Ward Michael E. , Kampmann Martin , Lippincott-Schwartz Jennifer , Youle Richard J.
Published: January 2021

Genome-wide CRISPR screens have transformed our ability to systematically interrogate human gene function, but are currently limited to a subset of cellular phenotypes. We report a novel pooled screening approach for a wider range of cellular and subtle subcellular phenotypes. Machine learning and convolutional neural network models are trained on the subcellular phenotype to be queried. Genome-wide screening then utilizes cells stably expressing dCas9-KRAB (CRISPRi), photoactivatable fluorescent protein (PA-mCherry), and a lentiviral guide RNA (gRNA) pool. Cells are screened by using microscopy and classified by artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms, which precisely identify the genetically altered phenotype. Cells with the phenotype of interest are photoactivated and isolated via flow cytometry, and the gRNAs are identified by sequencing. A proof-of-concept screen accurately identified PINK1 as essential for Parkin recruitment to mitochondria. A genome-wide screen identified factors mediating TFEB relocation from the nucleus to the cytosol upon prolonged starvation. Twenty-one of the 64 hits called by the neural network model were independently validated, revealing new effectors of TFEB subcellular localization. This approach, AI-photoswitchable screening (AI-PS), offers a novel screening platform capable of classifying a broad range of mammalian subcellular morphologies, an approach largely unattainable with current methodologies at genome-wide scale.
Lump periodic wave, soliton periodic wave, and breather periodic wave solutions for third-order (2+1)-dimensional equation
Authors: Fokou M , Kofane T C , Mohamadou A , Yomba E
Published: January 2021

This paper investigates the new periodic wave solutions for the third-order (2 + 1)-dimensional equation, which describes the wave propagation in shallow water, using the Hirota bilinear method and a three-wave method. The Lump Periodic wave, soliton periodic wave, and breather periodic have been represented by the three-dimensional images and contour images, by choosing the appropriate parameters, illustrating these solutions. The influence of the surface tension on the dynamics of the wave is also studied.
Highly efficient, stable and bright blue phosphorescent ink to prevent counterfeit of currency and merchandise barcodes
Authors: Jaiswal Vishnu V , Haranath D
Published: January 2021

In the current work, a distinct class of Ca0.87Al2O4: 0.01Eu2+, 0.02Nd3+, 0.1Si4+ long afterglow phosphor powder was synthesized using high-temperature (1000–1500 °C) solid-state reaction method followed by formulation of an ink using epoxy based colloidal suspension. Interestingly the ink absorbs invisible energies either from D65 light and/or ultraviolet (∼365 nm) light, stores up the energy and emit as bright blue (∼450 nm) photoluminescence (PL) apparently visible for >4 h for dark adapted human eyes. Furthermore, the phenomenon of long (>4 h) afterglow allows us to create/design unique concealed patterns on goods and certificates using quick response (QR) code patterns. Systematic experiments have been carried out in a dark chamber on different models held a few seconds under UV (∼365 nm) excitation to distinguish fake merchandise products, barcodes and prevent counterfeit of currency as well as excessive UV radiation exposure for longer periods of time.
Determination of neutron capture cross section of 164Dy (n,)165 Dy reaction at 0.0334 eV using TRIGA reactor
Authors: Sattar B N , Hossain S M , Naher K , Islam M A , Tamim U , Tarannum R , Mahmood Z H
Published: January 2021

In this study, experimental neutron capture cross section for the reaction 164Dy(n, γ )165Dy at 0.0334 eV was measured for the first time using monochromatic neutrons coming out of a high resolution neutron diffractometer at the BAEC TRIGA Research Reactor (BTRR), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The 197Au(n, γ )198Au monitor reaction was used to determine the effective neutron flux. The activities of the irradiated target and monitors were measured nondestructively using the HPGe detector coupled with the digital gamma-ray spectrometry system. The full energy photo peak detection efficiency curve of the detector was constructed using standard gamma-ray emitting sources and this curve was used to acquire efficiencies of the detector at different required energies. Using the well-known neutron activation formula, the neutron capture cross-sections of 164Dy(n, γ )165Dy reaction were obtained 2322 ± 140 barn at 0.0334 eV. The cross section at 0.0334 eV is 4.3%, 4.5% and 3.15% higher than the evaluated values extracted from the ENDF/B-VII.1, ROSFOND and JENDL-4.0, respectively.