bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Energy needs in dynamic braking on Dahlander motor
Authors: Saputro S A , Asmar  , Sunanda W
Published: November 2020

Dahlander motors are using with different speed regulation needs. In this article, dynamic braking is using by injecting a DC voltage to see energy usage at fast and slow rotation. Control of the fast and slow rotation at the control panel using Arduino. The DC voltage variations given are 15 volts, 20 volts, and 24 volts. At a 15 volt DC voltage injection, the energy needed at fast rotation is 0.0018 Wh and at slow rotation 0.00072 Wh. For injection of a 20 volt DC voltage, the energy required for fast rotation at 0.0025 Wh and at 0.00085 Wh for slow rotation. Whereas 24 volt DC voltage injection, the energy needed at 0.0036 Wh for fast rotation and 0.00077 Wh for slow rotation.
Experimental study of helical savonius rotor profiles with different number of blade
Authors: Wijianti E S , Saparin  , Setiawan Y
Published: November 2020

This research is about the savonius wind turbine which was made in the form of a prototype as a simple student learning media. The goal is the students understand the process of converting wind energy into mechanical energy. The turbine model used is helical savonius rotor with U, S, and L profile on three blades and four blades. Tests carried out using wind tunnels. The test results show that helical savonius rotor with three blades provides better performance than four blades. The best turbine power is obtained in the L profile with three blades which is equal to 1, 62 watts. While the best power coefficient is obtained from the S profile with 3 blades with a power coefficient value of 0.122.
Solar power plant utilization on mass rapid transit based public transportation company
Authors: Ramdhani I , Sudiarto B
Published: November 2020

Nowadays, the growth of population and business activities in a city is creating a new problem, which is the movement of the people itself. Mass Rapid Transit (MRT), which included in public transportation with a dedicated lane continues to prove that this kind of public transportation is effective and efficient to solve that problem by reducing congestion and creating a greener environment. However, MRT requires electrical power in a relatively big number. To meet this requirement and support a greener environment, a study is conducted. The method of this study is to simulate on how much potentially a solar power plant can be built on Jakarta MRT facility and conduct an analysis on engineering, economic, regulation, and strategic of the Company itself. The result is a 451.2 kWp Solar Power Plant could be built on the Workshop Building on Jakarta MRT, has NPV of US$ 44,706.70, and payback period in 12.82 years if the implementation in year 2022. The Cost of Capacity Charge could be avoided by giving the Power Utility Company of Indonesia a Business to Business (B2B) scheme.
Performance analysis of a hybrid natural gas generator/photovoltaic system for residential use
Authors: Budiyanto A , Kamil M I , Aryani D R , Jufri F H , Ardita I M
Published: November 2020

Diesel generator sets are mostly used as the main electricity supply or as a backup for areas not connected to the main electricity grid. Natural gas can be used as an alternative fuel of generator set to replace diesel because of its abundant availability and is environmentally friendly. In addition to the generator set, the solar photovoltaic (PV) system is also suitable for implementation in remote areas since its primary energy sources are easy to obtain. The combination of these two types of power generation is expected to be reliable enough to supply the electricity for houses in remote areas. This study is conducted to observe the performance of the hybrid natural gas generator set/solar PV system in terms of specific fuel consumption (SFC) and power quality through a testbed, and further analyze the economic aspect. According to the result, the voltage and frequency generated by the natural gas generator set either integrated with a solar PV system or not is still within the allowable operating limits. Moreover, the SFC value of the hybrid system is higher than the one with natural gas generator set only.
Application of behind the meter battery storage system integrated with net metering in Indonesia
Authors: Feisal A , Sudiarto B , Setiabudy R
Published: November 2020

Indonesia’s energy supply system is experiencing a transition towards more sustainable energy generation with an increased amount of Rooftop Solar photovoltaic (PV). However, the daily variability of the solar resource, in addition to intermittent arising from moving cloud cover becomes shading. To enable Net zero energy home and optimize power management for future homes, Behind The Meter (BTM) battery storage as one solution to solve intermittent energy production, so as an improvement the energy saves. The objective of this paper is to analyze the financial metric of rooftop solar PV and Behind The Meter (BTM) battery storage in the rural sector so that the decision to integrate the rooftop solar PV and BTM battery storage can be solution for Net-zero energy home. Solar PV and BTM battery storage framework was designed to supply continuous and uninterrupted power to a typical house in Indonesia. Step by step method for financial simulation and implementation of the rooftop solar PV and BTM battery storage framework was done. System Advisor Model (SAM) is used for economic investigation. The economics of solar PV and BTM battery storage get LCOE real was $ 10.26 cents/kWh and total reduction CO2 around 7116 kg.
The effect of porous round on waves produced on the wave simulation tool, laboratory scale
Authors: Wibowo B S , Setiawan Y , Andini D E , Akhrianti I
Published: November 2020

Bangka Island is one of the islands that has beautiful beach tourism destinations but also has the largest tin reserves in the offshore area. This causes a very significant difference and can be a gift or a curse. Waste from the results of offshore tin mining activities carried out by production suction vessels (KIP) in the form of mud and changes in seawater quality. Then the sludge produced by mining causes waste/mud to be carried by the waves of the sea and settles along the shore and imposes silting and causes seawater on the shore to become turbid. One way to determine the effect of waves on the deposition of mud, among others, with a wave simulation tool. The study aims to determine the length and height of the waves produced on a laboratory scale Floating Breakwater Simulation. From the results of the study it can be concluded that the shaft rotation speed affects the waves produced, the higher the shaft rotation the higher the resulting waves. The frequency of the simulation tool also increases while the wave period decreases as the rotation of the shaft rotates, which means that the resulting wave appears more frequently and with a high propagation speed at the highest rotation of the shaft.
Solar home & pumping system scheme for lighting & access to clean water in the 3T region
Authors: Nafik M A , Sudiarto B , Setiabudy R
Published: November 2020

There are many regions in Indonesia where the electrification ratio is relatively low, even some still do not enjoy access to electricity. Low electrification is especially felt by Indonesians living in 3T areas (terdepan/frontier, terluar/outermost, and tertinggal/disadvantaged). On the other side, as archipelagic and tropical country, Indonesia has high potential in the development of renewable energy for electrical generation especially solar energy. This study aims to design a solar home & pumping system (SHPS) model and assess its feasibility. In this concept SHPS scheme is purposed to provide electricity access to 3T community for the needs of lighting and access to clean water. A total of 4 units of 3 watt LED lights integrated with batteries are used for lighting each household, while a 600 watt water pump can be used communally for 150 households. Both LED light and water pump are supplied with electrical energy from their respective solar panels. There are 3 scenarios in the implementation of SHPS for a total of 150 households with a discount rate for investments of 10%. Full grant by the government/private sector with a budget of Rp 480.5 million is the most recommended scenario. Another advantage of SHPS is environmentally friendly.
Comparative efficiency solar panels and wind turbine DC generator as green energy sources in Bangka Island
Authors: Yandi W , Puriza M Y , Jumnahdi M , Kurniawan R
Published: November 2020

Renewable energy power generation is a concept of generating electrical energy that is widely applied today. The rapid population growth is proportional to the high demand for electrical energy. There are still a lot of power plants that rely on fossil fuels as a source of energy to drive the turbines. The limitations of fossil energy provide an alternative thought for using renewable energy as electricity generation. Bangka Island is an island with great potential for solar and wind energy. The two energy sources are expected to provide a solution to the scarcity of energy that occurs on the island of Bangka. This research is expected to provide input in solving the problem of the high demand for electrical energy on the island of Bangka and provide an idea that renewable energy is a substitute for limited fossil energy. From each renewable energy generator, research is carried out to obtain the electrical energy produced. The electrical energy data generated by the two power plants will be compared in order to obtain effectiveness and efficiency values. The research was conducted in Bangka district using 50 Wp solar panels and 30 Watt DC generators.
Bio-packaging based on a composite of paper waste and coconut fiber
Authors: Noor A , Afriani F , Puriza M Y , Tiandho Y
Published: November 2020

Indonesia is the largest contributor to marine plastic waste in the world after China. One solution to reduce plastic use is to develop a packaging that can be degraded by nature and eco-friendly, called bio-packaging. In this paper, we create bio-packaging made from a composite of waste paper and coconut fiber. In addition to composites’ physical characteristics such as mechanical properties and its biodegradability, this research also measured community responses to the bio-packaging products. This bio-plastic can be applied to making packaging with a lifting strength of more than 10 N. Also, it can be degraded into freshwater and seawater. According to the perceptional test, the bio-packaging is superior to single-use plastic except in the strength aspects.
The impact of tin mining in the Pompong watershed on vegetation sustainability to maintain environmental quality
Authors: Yofianti D , Pertiwi P C , Hisyam E S
Published: November 2020

Over the past 10 years, the POMPONG watershed has experienced a drastic change in land use, from agricultural to gradually becoming residential and mining area. Mining activities carried out in the Pompong watershed result in changes the characteristics of the watershed and the presence of vegetation that functions as land cover. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the extent of the impact caused by tin mining activities on the survival of vegetation to maintain environmental quality. The data of vegetation type was obtained through field observation. Besides, several maps of the Pompong watersheds, such as.watersheds and river networks, land use, soil types, land slopes, contour, topographic and administrative boundaries were needed. These maps were obtained from several related agencies. Data processing and analysis used ArcGis 10.1. The observation results showed there are four types of vegetation, namely secondary-dryland-forest, dryland-agriculture, dryland-agriculture-mixed-with-shrubs, then bush-and-shrub. The research results indicated there was a change in the function of the land from dryland-agriculture-mixed-with-bush to mining by 0,327%. The existence of these vegetations affect the ability of surface water absorption. Therefore, it is better to use vegetative methods in managing the conservation of land around the Pompong watersheds.
Sensitivity analysis of arc-hydro on the watershed responses in urban and rural area
Authors: Giardini P , Sutjiningsih D , Anggraheni E , Murniningsih S
Published: November 2020

Program for predicting runoff discharge from rain events is HEC-HMS. The results of the HEC-HMS hydrograph depends on the characteristics of the watershed. Arc-Hydro/HEC-Geo HMS are programs that are usually used in hydrological modelling. The results of the Arc-Hydro analysis depends on the sensitivity of the topographic map. Due to complex surface shapes because the effect of high-level urbanization in urban areas, it will cause error in extracting the pattern of the natural network path due to roads and buildings. This will complicate the Arc-Hydro program in determining watershed boundaries. The objective of this research is to analyse the sensitivity of Arc-Hydro to make watershed delineation and their influence on the watershed responses using HEC Geo-HMS. Based on the result of this study, the resulting catchment area of the Arc-Hydro delineation with manual (based on the field survey) delineation has a significant difference in urban area compared to rural area. These results also have a significant impact on the results of hydrograph simulations of flood runoff in urban areas. So it was concluded that the determination of watershed boundaries in urban areas does not only rely on the Arc-Hydro but also needs to be validated based on the field survey.
Synthesis and characterization of Fe3O4/SiO2 Nanocomposite from Kaolin Bangka Island
Authors: Asriza R O , Indriawati A , Julianti E , Fabiani V A
Published: November 2020

Magnetite is widely used in various fields of separation and adsorbent. Various studies have also reported that magnetite without modification have low thermal stability, low water solubility and may undergo reactions forming a FeOOH intermediate phase. The use of silica templates is done in such a way that the magnetite produced is not easily agglomerated. The source of silica can easily be found in nature, one of which is kaolin. Synthesis of Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposites from Kaolin Bangka Island was carried out. The source of silica used is sodium silicate which is made from kaolin. The parameter observed in this study is the effect of silica concentration on the formation of Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposites. The SiO2 concentrations used were 5%, 15% and 30%. Based on the XRD analysis results, it appears that the three samples have typical diffraction peaks from Fe3O4/SiO2 nanocomposites at 2θ 24°, 26° and 35°. The average particle size of each composite for 5%, 15% and 30% SiO2 concentrations is 50.05 nm, 43.21 nm and 41.68 nm. It can be concluded that nanocomposite with SiO2 concentration of 30% has the potential to be applied further as a heavy metal adsorbent. FTIR analysis showed an absorption peak indicating the silica has coated the magnetite material from Fe3O4.
Selection of red rice (Oryza sativa L.) resistant blast disease
Authors: Mustikarini E D , Lestari T , Prayoga G I , Santi R , Dewi S
Published: November 2020

Rice crop is one of the major food commodities in Indonesian. However, rice production can decrease due to the blast attack caused by the fungus Pyricularia oryzae. Efforts to reduce blast disease can be done by cultivating local red rice. Red rice has high nutritional and antioxidant content and has resistance to blast disease. The aim of research was to determine the level of endurance of 10 lines red rice against blast disease attack and to obtain which rice line resistant to blast disease. The research was conducted from January to March 2020 in the greenhouse of Muara experiment station of Indonesian Center for Rice Research, Bogor, West Java. The research used Factorial Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two factors. The first factor was 10 lines of red rice, 4 elders and 2 control varieties. Second factor are 4 race blasts (033,073,133 dan 173). The selection method is adjusted to the standard of Interational Rice Blast Nursery (IRBN). The results showed 10 red rice lines were resistant to race blast 033, 9 red rice lines were resistant to race 073, and 7 red rice lines resistant to race (133 and 173). The red rice line; 19i-06-09-23-27, 19i-06-09-23-3, 19i-06-30-17-17 have the highest resistance. The resistance level of these three line was not differed significantly with Situ Patenggang variety (resistant control) and Inpago 8 variety which were the highest resistance to blast disease.
Green synthesis and characterization of Zinc Ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanocomposite via Tristaniopsis merguensis Griff. natural extract
Authors: Fabiani V A , Aldila H , Anggraeni  , Nur’aini
Published: November 2020

Green synthesis and characterization of zinc ferrite (ZnFe2O4) nanocomposite via Tristaniopsis merguensis natural extract was performed. The precursors used in this analysis were Zn(NO3)2.6H2O and Fe(NO3)3.9H2O, it was known that the extracts of Tristaniopsis merguensis leaves had high total phenolic content. Synthesis is carried out by comparing the temperature without annealed and annealed at 700 °C. The presence of phenolic compounds in the extract of Tristaniopsis merguensis functions as a bioreductor agent and chelating agent in the formation of zinc ferrite material. The XRD analysis showed the diffraction peaks typical of ZnFe2O4 at 29.98°, 35.85°, 42.75°, 56.51° and 62.09° at 700 °C annealed, indicating that the ZnFe2O4 structure had a face center cubic structure with miller index (220), (311), (400), (400) and (400). The average particle size of ZnFe2O4 is 9.0414 nm based on Scherrer’s calculations. FTIR analysis shows the presence of phenolic compounds in Tristaniopsis merguensis leaves extracts interacting with Zn2+ and Fe3+ ions producing sharp absorption at wave number 543.80 cm−1 corresponding to the vibrational mode of the metal oxygen bond (Zn-O-Fe).
Application of electrocoagulation for textile wastewater treatment: A review
Authors: Sandi  , Afriani F , Tiandho Y
Published: November 2020

The increasing development of the textile industry is always followed by the amount of wastewater produced. The textile industry uses various types of synthetic dyes, and the amount of dyes is still high in its waste. The impact of the discharge of textile wastewater into the environment without rigorous treatment will damage the environment because the dense color of the waste can prevent light penetration for aquatic organisms. Also, various metals and other harmful chemicals can contaminate soil and water sources. One promising method for treating textile wastewater is electrocoagulation. Electrocoagulation can reduce pollutants in textile wastewater efficiently, cheaply, and reliably. In this review article, an explanation regarding the basis and techniques for processing textile wastewater by electrocoagulation will be presented. Various electrocoagulation operational parameters and their relation to the quality of textile wastewater treatment will be reviewed. In addition, problems and limitations of the application of electrocoagulation as a basis for the development of textile waste treatment in the future will be explained.
Inversion of rayleigh waves dispersion using quantum-behaved PSO to characterize the embankment of mud flow Dam in Sidoarjo (LUSI)
Authors: Widyaningrum Y , Sungkono  , Husein A
Published: November 2020

The characterization of the embankment can be done by constructing the shear wave velocity in subsurface. The investigation of near surface wave velocity using Rayleigh wave dispersion analysis is popular. This method is very fast and effective to construct the vertical wave velocity, but has no unique solution. As a result, the inverse modelling is often trapped in local optimums. Therefore, we used Quantum-behaved PSO to get the best solution (global optimum). Inversion method using Quantum-behaved PSO was performed on synthetic and field measurement data. Field data acquisition was executed at P80-81 using both active and passive surface waves methods. The inversion result of Rayleigh wave dispersion is shear wave velocity structure. Shear wave velocity imaging resulted by this method was used to characterize the embankment of mud flow dam in Sidoarjo (LUSI) and be compared to the resistivity measurement data. The subsurface structure which is constructed from the inversion of Rayleigh wave gives the same result as the resistivity.
Building Banyuasin Village, Bangka Regency as green and agro-tourism village that sustainable using information technology
Authors: Putra G B , Arkan F , Atmaja E J J
Published: November 2020

Tourism is currently one of the state’s income to support the economy. Therefore, almost all countries develop their regions so that they can become destinations for tourists. Indonesia is one of the countries that encourages and supports the development of tourism to the village, so that each village designs so that its village can become a tourist destination. Now, every village in Indonesia have been race to developing their village into green and tourism village in order to improve the welfare of the village. Banyuasin village is one of the villages in Bangka Regency which has agro-tourism potential because of many agricultural and plantation potentials that can be used as agro-tourism destinations and also development to become an environment-based village. Banyuasin village also has a plan to become a green village by doing good waste and waste management by using information technology. To support Banyuasin village plan for achieve the goal, the use of information technology and building an information system that helps to develop the Banyuasin village in the future. This information system will design and process data related to the potential of Banyuasin village to become a Green and Agro-tourism village as well as to process the data to help Banyuasin Village.
Geographical indication protection for pepper: its environmental implications for Bangka Belitung Islands
Authors: Darwance  , Haryadi D , Yokotani
Published: November 2020

Products with geographical indication have massive potential to be a nation’s flagship commodities in local and international trades. It could be caused for specific reputation, superior quality, specific characters due to geographical environment factors (nature, humans, and combination both of them). Therefore, it is a great importance to provide special protection for goods or products that fall into the GI category. A flagship’ commodity from Bangka Belitung Islands, white pepper is a registered geographical indication with the name of Lada Putih Muntok (Muntok White Pepper). This brand name was created by Bangka Belitung Islands Province’s Pepper Management, Development, and Marketing Agency (BP3L). A legal protection by using a flagship commodity has a flagship commodity, this protection effort has a tremendous role in environmental preservation. Through this normative paper, this study attempts to convey the nature of geographical indication, the substance of the existing regulations, and their relation to environmental preservation, especially the relation between the geographical indication of pepper and the environment of Bangka Belitung Islands Province. This qualitative study employed literature review for data collection, with statutory rules and regulations as the primary data. Two approaches used were statute approach and conceptual approach. From the result of the research found that there is a relationship between geographical indications and environmental factor, including Lada Putih Muntok. With the approval of a geographical indication, there is obligation that must be carried out by the government and the community, namely maintaining reputation. One way to maintain reputation is to maintain the quality of the environment in the area.
Study on the reasonable tilt angle of ventilation shafts in Xidianwan Tunnel, China
Authors: Xue Dapeng , Zheng Guoping , Guo Hongyu , Chen Jiongke , Zhuang Yizhou
Published: November 2020

The “asthma effect” of shaft natural ventilation is common, which makes the actual air exchange volume impossible to be quantified and the pollutant concentration along the tunnel unable to be analyzed. In order to improve the ventilation effect of the ventilation shaft and realize the steady air flow in the air well, the reasonable tilt angle of the ventilation shaft is studied. Firstly, the numerical simulation software FLUENT is used to establish a tunnel model of a certain traffic volume based on dynamic grid technology, and to analyze the relationship between the shaft tilt angle and the air flow state, including intake and exhaust air volume, and air flow direction. Secondly, model experiments are carried out to verify the numerical simulation results, in which jet fan thrust pressure is substituted for traffic piston pressure. The result shows that the natural ventilation state with the proposed direction can be realized on condition that the shaft tilt angle is around 15 degrees. That means to discharge polluted air from one group of ventilation shafts and suck in fresh air from the other group of ventilation shafts. At the same time, by dividing the tunnel rationally, the calculation formula of pollutant concentration of the cross section along the tunnel under the condition of different diverging amounts caused by the change of tilt angle of the ventilation shafts is derived, which provides guidance and reference for determining whether the air quality in the tunnel meets the requirements of relevant specifications.
Status and risk evaluation of heavy metals in soil and traditional Chinese medicine in Longxi, Gansu Province, China
Authors: Wen Hong , Wang Hexiong , Yuan Longmiao , Jiang Yufeng
Published: November 2020

In order to study the pollution status of traditional Chinese medicine and soil heavy metal elements in Longxi, Gansu province, the content and pollution status of heavy metal elements in traditional Chinese medicine and its planting soil were evaluated by the method of field investigation and indoor analysis. The results showed that the total amount of Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn and Cr exceeded the soil background value in varying degrees, and the over standard rates were 100%, 100%, 100%, 67% and 33% respectively. The enrichment capacity of Codonopsis pilosula was Cr > Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb, Astragalus membranaceus was Zn > Cd > Cu > Pb > Cr, Scutellaria baicalensis was Zn > Cd > Pb > Cu > Cr. Health risk assessment shows that traditional Chinese medicine in the study area will not cause obvious harm to resident health.
Source analysis of heavy metals in topsoil and water in arid area: a case study in northwest China
Authors: Chen Hongwei , Zhao Lue , Huang Haitao , Peng Xiangxun , Zheng Yangqi
Published: November 2020

To understand the origin of metals in the topsoil, surface and ground water in arid area, field investigation and statistics were used in a chromium contaminated site in northwest China. The strong positive correlations among the soil EC, salinity and pH are attributed to the extensive evaporation and leaching of the chromite, lignite, limestone and dolomite. The scarce precipitation is responsible for the accumulation of metals in the topsoil. The soil salinization influences the metal mobility. Cr, Fe, Ni, As, Hg, V and Sb in the topsoil correlate with the chromite and lignite. Se, Cu, Co and Zn are mainly from geologic origin. The increase of As, Cr, Fe, Hg and Ni in the artificial channel reveals the influence of the soil leaching and groundwater discharge. The high content of Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl−, SO4
2- and HCO3
− in the groundwater is resulted from the arid climate, artificial channel, limestone, dolomite and lignite. Cr, Fe, Ni and Hg in the groundwater primarily derive from the chromite and lignite, and Cd, Mn and Pb may be from the strata. Therefore, the factory synchronously makes the soil metals, EC, salinity and pH increase, and the salinization conversely influences the fate and transport of the metals.
Influence of tunnel lighting system installation modes and parameters on energy saving
Authors: Zheng G P , Tian W , Sun Y
Published: November 2020

In order to quantitatively analyze the influence of the installation mode as well as the parameters of luminaires on energy saving for tunnel lighting, particularly in regard to the installation angle, a point-by-point method was adopted so as to calculate illuminance and luminance, and a simulation analysis software was developed. The illuminance and luminance obtained by symmetrical, staggered and unilateral modes, as well as pro-beam and anti-beam configurations and different installation parameters, were quantitatively studied to evaluate effects on energy-saving. The obtained results demonstrated that the installation angle of the luminaires directly affected light efficiency when the luminaires were mounted symmetrically on both sides. Moreover, no significant difference in the quality indexes between the staggered arrangement and symmetrical arrangement were present. The illumination of the road surface was only 76% of that of the symmetrical arrangement when the luminaires were installed unilaterally. In addition, the luminance on the road surface was about 33% higher than that of the symmetrical configuration when the anti-beam configuration was adopted. The analytical conclusions attained by this study may encourage lighting designers to pay more attention to the installation parameters of luminaires and carry out on-site installation guidance.
Study on chemical speciation of phosphorus in the desert particles of western Inner Mongolia
Authors: Peng Yuheng , Yang Hongwei
Published: November 2020

The five speciation of phosphorus in the desert particles (<63 μm) of western Inner Mongolia was analyzed by sequential extraction method (SEDEX). The five speciation of phosphorus is exchangeable phosphorus (Pex), ferric iron-bound phosphorus (PFe), authigenic carbonate fluoroapatite and CaCO3 associated phosphorus (Pau), detrital apatite phosphorus (Pdet) and organic phosphorus (Porg), respectively. The results show that Pau is the main phosphorus in desert particles of western Inner Mongolia, the content of Pau in particles with natural particle size is 150-1840 mg·kg−1. The content of Pau is inversely proportional to the particle size of particles, the smaller the particle size is, and the higher the content is. Secondly, the content of Pdet was 8-480 mg·kg−1. The sum of the other two speciation of P (Pex, PFe) more easily used by living beings is 20-45 mg·kg−1, which accounts for 0.27%-8.51% of TP. Comparison of two kinds of granularity, the sequence of TP content was GanSu-Linze > Badain Jaran (Alashom youqi) > Badain Jaran (Shanga nwoer) > Wu Lan Bohe Desert (Baying-gaule) > Tengger (Azuoqi) > Badain Jaran (Batong-brige). As the source of sandstorm, particles less than 63 μm are easy to form flying dust at high altitude, floating across the eastern sea area of China to the Pacific Ocean, and transporting phosphorus over a remote distance.
Numerical simulation and cause analysis for a severe mixed pollution of smog and haze in the Pearl River Delta in Winter
Authors: Peng Duan , Du Yaodong , Fan Qi , Liu Chang , Zhang Yu , Chen Xiaoyang , Shen Chong
Published: November 2020

Based on the simulation results of the Weather Research and Forecasting-Community Multiscale Air Quality (WRF-CMAQ), the meteorological elements, boundary layer characteristics and temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of particulate matter during the heavy haze-dense fog-haze pollution process from 1 to 12 January 2017 were analyzed with the aid of the data from conventional meteorological observation and environmental monitoring station. Also, the causes of this pollution have been presented considering the terrain effects. The results show that, during the first process (day 1 to day 3), the upwind transports pollutants to Shaoguan, Qingyuan and other provinces, and the local surface wind velocity is lower than 3 m·s−1, which increased concentration of pollutants in the Pearl River Delta region and formed moderate smog and haze pollution. During the second process (day 4 to day 6), the average surface wind speed is lower, and the static wind is lower than 2 m·s−1 with the influence of terrain effect (even lasted for 5-16 hours). Besides, the influence of the strong convergence field of small wind increases the accumulation and convergence of pollutants on the ground, and simultaneously, the thickness of the ground inversion layer is further intensified and the height of the boundary layer is as low as 100 meters. At the same time, the relative humidity increases to nearly 100%, resulting in continuous visibility of fewer than 500 meters for 10 hours. Additionally, it was found that on the day of heavy pollution in Guangzhou, the main source is coarse nuclear particles, and the corresponding actual situation is that the concentration of NO2 was higher than that in other places, which reflects the influence of high concentration of human activities on air pollution. As the northeasterly winds continued to strengthen, pollutants across the region continued to be transported to the Pearl River Delta. Through the convergence of wind farms in Zhaoqing, Foshan, and Guangzhou, cross-regional pollutants and local pollutants emitted by the Pearl River Delta are again accumulated in the pearl river delta central area, forming a third moderate haze pollution process. It is concluded that the influence of strong convergence field of small wind under 2 m·s−1 (even 5-16 hours static wind), the increase of ground temperature inversion, the height of boundary layer as low as 100 m, the increase of near-ground humidity are superposed, and the combined effect of topography are the main meteorological causes of mixed pollution of fog and haze in the Pearl River Delta in winter.
Determination of median lethal concentration of two common heavy metal pollutants in rivers, potassium chromate and cadmium nitrate, to red zebrafish and their mortality causes
Authors: Liu Yipeng , He Zhonghao , Ye Jiyang , Zheng Yan , Huang Ziqi , Yan Yibo
Published: November 2020

In order to investigate the toxicological properties of river pollutants, potassium chromate (K2CrO4) and cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate (Cd (NO3)2·4H2O) were selected as they are commonly discharged from industry to nearby rivers. This paper studied the Median Lethal Concentration (LC50) of the pollutants to the adult red zebrafish by acute toxicity experiments within 96 hours. 120mg/L, 130mg/L, 140mg/L, 150mg/L, 160mg/L, 170mg/L potassium chromate solutions and 16mg/L, 20mg/L, 24mg/L, 28mg/L 32mg/L, 36mg/L cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate solutions were prepared with triplicates to determine the LC50. The results of the preliminary experiments and the calibration curves suggested that the LC50 of potassium chromate and cadmium nitrate tetrahydrate were 165 mg/L and 28 mg/L respectively. The toxicity of thresholds and LC100 were also evaluated. Through the observations of the tested subjects in morphological, ethological and anatomical manners, behavioural alterations, oxidative stress, and immunotoxicity were probably their major causes of death.
Effect of desert photovoltaic on sand prevention and control—taking Gansu Gulang Zhenfa photovoltaic DC field as an example
Authors: Chang Zhaofeng , Liu Shizen , Fu Jing , Wang Qi , Wang Fei , Sun Tao , Liu Shujuan , Wang Fanglin
Published: November 2020

In recent years, the photovoltaic industry in desert and Gobi has developed rapidly. In order to reveal the effect of photovoltaic industry on sand prevention and control, this study was performed by taking GuLang Zhenfa photovoltaic DC field on the southern edge of Tengger Desert as an example. Through continuous observation of air temperature, wind speed and air pressure inside and outside the photovoltaic field, combined with the investigation of vegetation inside and outside the photovoltaic field in desert and Gobi of the central and eastern part of Hexi Corridor, this study analyzed the ecological effect of photovoltaic industry on sand prevention and control from three aspects: the balance of surface heat by the transformation of solar radiation of desert photovoltaic, the function of wind barriers and sand barriers of the photovoltaic DC field, and the effect of the photovoltaic DC field on vegetation. The results showed that the photovoltaic DC field in desert and Gobi had very significant ecological functions for desert prevention and control, and the ecological functions were mainly as follows: 1) the photovoltaic DC field could effectively transform solar radiation, adjust the thermal balance of the desert, and weaken the power (i.e., the gale) for the occurrence and development of sandstorms and sand flow; 2) the photovoltaic panel had a strong function of wind barriers, and its function of wind-proof and sand-fixing were several times that of sand barriers; 3) the rain-collecting effect of photovoltaic panel could promote the growth of plants. The development of photovoltaic industry in desert and Gobi not only has remarkable economic benefits, but also has the ecological function of sand prevention and control. China has a vast area of desert and Gobi, and there are broad prospects for the development of desert and Gobi photovoltaic industry. The photovoltaic industry in desert and Gobi is expected to become the third new way of sand prevention and control after afforestation and desertification control and sand fixation by sand barriers.
Characteristics of heavy metals in surface water and assessment of water environment quality in the upper reaches of the Yellow River in recent 10 years
Authors: Cheng Huibo , Yang Fan
Published: November 2020

With the rapid development of economy, the load-bearing pressure of ecological environment is increasing, and human activities have brought tremendous challenges to surface water. In this paper, the surface water of 17 cities and counties in the upstream watershed of the reservoir in the source area of the Yellow River was taken as the research object. Based on the monitoring of the surface water quality section of the ecological transfer payment work in the national key ecological functional areas, surface water samples were collected quarterly from 2009 to 2018. Six heavy metal elements (cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, lead, arsenic and copper) in surface water were analyzed in laboratory, and ArcGIS Kriging spatial interpolation method was used to study the spatial distribution characteristics of heavy metals in surface water in the upstream basin of the reservoir in the source area of the Yellow River. Meanwhile, the maximum membership degree method was used to evaluate the quality of water environment. The results showed that the spatial distribution of cadmium, mercury, hexavalent chromium, lead, arsenic and copper in the upstream of the reservoir in the source area of the Yellow River presented a dynamic change, and the high value of cadmium concentration appeared in the northeastern region of the evaluation area as a whole, showing a planar and strip distribution characteristics; the concentration values of mercury in the southwestern region of Maqu County and Luqu County were the highest, and in each county of the northeastern region were relatively lower. In the past 10 years, the average concentration of heavy metals in lead was 0.004 27 mg/L, and that in mercury was 0.000 4 mg/L. According to the maximum membership principle, the environmental quality of heavy metals in surface water in the upstream basin of the reservoir in the source area of the Yellow River in recent 10 years was superior.
Regulation of risks with accounting for the possibility of terrorist attacks on critical infrastructure facilities
Authors: Dubinin E F , Kuksova V I
Published: November 2020

An important task of critical infrastructures is ensuring stable functioning of the objects of increased danger which are their part. For increase in safety of critical infrastructures and minimization of consequences from the possible emergency situations initiated by accidents and catastrophes needs to improve methods of assessment and regulation of risks connected with functioning of hazardous facilities, and especially critical facilities at various stages of their life cycle. For practical use the risk-based approach in regulation risks of functioning of critical facilities (CF) in the face of terrorist threats, it is necessary first of all to define the criteria and acceptable levels of risk. The article deals with the state of the system of risk regulation in the Russian Federation in the relevant subject area.
Route Optimization Methods for Response to Radiological Emergency Situations
Authors: Tashlykov O L , Sesekin A N , Shcheklein S E
Published: November 2020

The work actualizes the need for regional authorities to be ready to respond to possible radiological emergencies due to the ever-expanding use of radiation sources in various fields of activity (besides nuclear reactors) to ensure the safety of sustainable development of cities, territories and regions taking into account the human factor. Described are the developed routing optimization algorithms using mathematical modelling methods to minimize the radiological impact on emergency formations personnel while eliminating possible radiological emergencies. Presented are the results of computational experiments to assess the reduction of personnel exposure during route optimization of work in radiation-hazardous conditions. The recommendations on the use of the developed algorithms during the operation and decommissioning of nuclear facilities are formulated.
On the properties of the failure probability function in reliability analysis of constructions and structures with regulation of their stress-strain state
Authors: Sebeshev V G , Zhbanov A A , Shestakov A A
Published: November 2020

The properties and peculiarities of the failure probability function in dependence on the stress-strain state regulators in various (direct, inverse, optimization) problems of calculating the reliability of constructions and structures have been investigated and described. Predicting the possible changes in the probability of failure due to regulators’ varying, on the basis of the formulated signs, allows us to work out the algorithms for finding a rational and optimal regulation of the deformable system state parameters. The qualitative and quantitative illustrations of the identified properties of the failure probability function for multi-span beams with the nonlinear regulation of a bending moments are presented. The possibilities to reveal the areas of permissible values of regulators by the target reliability using a complex reliability indicator that takes into account the structure’s volume of material are shown.
Markov matrixes for random sequences imitation in fatigue testing and design in the problem of safety of steel structures
Authors: Gadolina I , Voronkov R , Bautin A , Serebrjakova I , Erpalov A
Published: November 2020

To guarantee the safety of steel structures it is important to deal properly with the problem of representation of exploitation loading. For metal fatigue testing and design, the proper choice of random (irregular) loading type is very important. The principles of random loading are discussed and some alternative approaches with their pros and cons are shortly reviewed in the paper. As a sound decision for random, but taking into account some specific features of the exploitation loading process, the target Markov method is proposed. According to this method, the important information of the real random processes in the form of the turning point is used for filling the square Markov matrix (analysis phase) and later on, with employing the random number generator, serves as a source for creating of the so-called replicas. The replicas are the random trial for numerical estimation of longevity scatter. Due to the fact, that all these manipulations are performed with the aim of metal fatigue investigation, some important processes’ characteristics for fatigue, like irregularity factor, fullness factor and machine part longevities were compared. Some important suggestion for the future development of this method, that is taking into consideration the sequence of the events, is discussed.
The Influence of Low-Frequency Seismic Phenomena Effects on The Process of Boiling Up the Coolant
Authors: Hossain I , Sharipov P G , Velkin V I , Shcheklein S E , Dubinin A M
Published: November 2020

This paper studies the low frequency seismic phenomena on the overheating boiling process and the cavitation state of the coolant in a small volume of system. This experiment is basically the imitation of the situation in a nuclear reactor core where distilled water was used as coolant during the experiment. Temperature of the coolant was recorded during the normal state and the time of implementing external low frequency. The stretched state of the liquid due to overheating and the cavitation destruction process were investigated.
Safety provision during development of the underground mine in water-bearing karsted rock mass
Authors: Melnik V V , Zamyatin A L
Published: November 2020

The present article describes issues of up-to-date methods and approaches to ensure safety during development of the underground mine in complex engineering-geological and hydrogeological environments. As a priority to ensure safety while constructing mine workings on the karsted territory is the decrease of water content of the rock massif due to construction of spot water intakes above ground. The efficiency of dewatering depends on quantity and capacity of dewatering wells, The same parameters influence on prime cost, so that in the suggested approach the maximum productivity is reached by selecting drilling sites by means of ground geophysics together with study of geological and hydrogeological conditions. In the presented paper, there is an example of successful drainage of karsted layer by constructing water intake consisting of two dewatering wells, which enabled to start developing the ore shoot, which was on suspension due to the complex environment.
Regulation of dynamic stress-strain state and reliability of deformable systems with vibration dampers under harmonic loads
Authors: Gerber Yu A , Sebeshev V G
Published: November 2020

The problem of analysis linearly deformable systems with a finite number of single-mass dynamic vibration dampers (DVD), used as regulators of the stress-strain state (SSS) with different variants of the harmonic load (by location and type) was considered. Equations of state of the system with dampers have been obtained and a method has been proposed to choice a set of parameters (masses and stiffness) for each of the DVD, taking into account the properties of the system, loads, and parameters of other DVD and the specified requirements of regulation. The developed design apparatus has been used for solving a model problem of a dynamic SSS regulation in a rod system with several dampers and for estimation of its reliability with polycriterial serviceability requirements. The quantitative results of calculations are presented. The comparative analysis of the reliability have been performed for unprotected systems and systems with DVD. The possibility of determining the rational location and parameters of DVD under harmonic non-point loading with the target reliability of the structure is shown.
Experience in designing the foundations of a multi-storey building on the eluvial soils of the Urals using a model of non-linear soil deformation
Authors: Alekhin A N , Alekhin A A , Alekhin V N
Published: November 2020

The article describes an example of the first design of the foundation of a high-rise building in the Middle Urals using a non-linear soil model that reflects the real deformation properties of the soil. The use of an effective model that reflects the real deformation properties of the soil has allowed to reduce the cost of the foundation by more than two times while increasing of its reliability.