bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Attitudes Toward Accompanied Driving Scale and its relationship with driving styles
Authors: Sun Long , Pan Yueying , Tian Ye
Published: November 2020

The present study aimed to adapt the Attitudes Toward Accompanied Driving Scale (ATADS) to a Chinese drivers sample and to examine its reliability and validity. Five hundred and seventy-two drivers aged 18 to 25 years old were asked to complete the ATADS and a validated Chinese version of the Multidimensional Driving Style Inventory. The factorial structure of the ATADS was examined using exploratory factor analysis (N = 259) and confirmatory factor analysis (N = 313). The validity of the scale was evaluated by examining the associations between the ATADS factors, demographic variables and driving styles. The results showed that both the findings of the EFA and CFA showed a five-factor structure of the ATADS, including tension, relatedness, avoidance, disapproval and anxiety. Second, significant gender differences were found in tension, relatedness, avoidance and anxiety. Third, tension, avoidance, disapproval and anxiety were moderately or weakly correlated with risky, anxious, angry and careful driving styles. Moreover, the number of traffic accidents after the accompanying phase was positively correlated with disapproval and avoidance. The findings supported the psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the ATADS and highlighted the adverse effects of young drivers’ negative attitudes toward accompanied driving on their driving styles.
Kemeny-based testing for COVID-19
Authors: Yilmaz Serife , Dudkina Ekaterina , Bin Michelangelo , Crisostomi Emanuele , Ferraro Pietro , Murray-Smith Roderick , Parisini Thomas , Stone Lewi , Shorten Robert
Published: November 2020

Testing, tracking and tracing abilities have been identified as pivotal in helping countries to safely reopen activities after the first wave of the COVID-19 virus. Contact tracing apps give the unprecedented possibility to reconstruct graphs of daily contacts, so the question is: who should be tested? As human contact networks are known to exhibit community structure, in this paper we show that the Kemeny constant of a graph can be used to identify and analyze bridges between communities in a graph. Our ‘Kemeny indicator’ is the value of the Kemeny constant in the new graph that is obtained when a node is removed from the original graph. We show that testing individuals who are associated with large values of the Kemeny indicator can help in efficiently intercepting new virus outbreaks, when they are still in their early stage. Extensive simulations provide promising results in early identification and in blocking the possible ‘super-spreaders’ links that transmit disease between different communities.
Sponge-derived Ageladine A affects the in vivo fluorescence emission spectra of microalgae
Authors: Peter Carolin , Thoms Silke , Koch Florian , Sartoris Franz Josef , Bickmeyer Ulf
Published: November 2020

In several marine hosts of microalgae, fluorescent natural products may play an important role. While the ecological function of these compounds is not well understood, an interaction of these molecules with the photosynthesis of the symbionts has been suggested. In this study, the effect of Ageladine A (Ag A), a pH-dependent fluorophore found in sponges of the genus Agelas, on microalgal fluorescence was examined. The spectra showed an accumulation of Ag A within the cells, but with variable impacts on fluorescence. While in two Synechococcus strains, fluorescence of phycoerythrin increased significantly, the fluorescence of other Synechococcus strains was not affected. In four out of the five eukaryote species examined, chlorophyll a (Chl a) fluorescence intensity was modulated. In Tisochrysis lutea, for example, the position of the fluorescence emission maximum of Chl a was shifted. The variety of these effects of Ag A on microalgal fluorescence suggests that fluorophores derived from animals could play a crucial role in shaping the composition of marine host/symbiont systems.
High frequency of azole resistant Candida spp. colonization among presumptive multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) patients
Authors: Darma Surya , Ambara Angga , Aman Abu Tholib , Annisa Luthvia , Nurrokhman  , Nuryastuti Titik , Wibawa Tri
Published: November 2020

Background

Tuberculosis is one of the major causes of death globally. The problems become even more complicated with the rise in prevalence of multidrug resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Many diseases have been reported to occur with tuberculosis making it more difficult to manage. Candida spp., which are yeast-like fungi and a constituent of normal flora in humans, are notoriously reported to be one of the most common opportunistic nosocomial infections. This study aimed to measure the proportion of presumptive MDR-TB patients colonized with Candida spp. and to characterize its susceptibility against azole group antifungal agents.

Methods

Sputum from presumptive MDR-TB patients were collected and examined for the presence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its rifampicin resistant status using GeneXpert. It was further cultured on Sabouroud’s Dextrose Agar (SDA) to isolate the Candida spp. The Candida species were determined using HiCrome™ Candidal Differential Agar. Antifungal susceptibility was tested using microbroth dilution methods. Checkerboard microdilution assays were performed to measure the interaction between rifampicin and fluconazole to C. albicans.

Results

There were 355 presumptive MDR-TB patients enrolled. A total of 101 (28.4%) patients were confirmed to have M. tuberculosis. There were 113 (31.8%) sputum positive for Candida spp., which corresponded to 149 Candida spp. isolates. Candida albicans was the most frequent (53.7%) species isolated from all patients. The susceptibility of Candida spp. against fluconazole, itraconazole, and ketoconazole were 38.3%, 1.3%, and 10.7% respectively. There was significant association between rifampicin exposure history and susceptibility of Candida albicans against fluconazole (Odds Ratio: 9.96; 95% CI: 1.83–54.19; p <0.01), but not for ketoconazole and itraconazole. The checkerboard microdilution assays showed that rifampicin decreased the fungicidal activity of fluconazole to C. albicans in a dose-dependent manner.

Conclusion

There was high frequency of azole resistant Candida spp. isolates colonizing the respiratory tract of presumptive MDR-TB patients. This presence might indicate the association of chronic exposure to rifampicin, the main drug for tuberculosis therapy, with the induction of azole resistance.
Graduated scenarios: Modelling critical reflective thinking in creative disciplines
Authors: Readman Mark , Moon Jenny
Published: November 2020

This article describes the development and implementation of Jenny Moon’s ‘Graduated scenarios’ (2004, 2001, 2009) in the disciplinary context of media production. Graduated scenarios have previously been used to model different levels of critical thinking and reflection and have been based on situations and experiences that can be related to by a wide range of people. Our development of them in a specific creative disciplinary context, for use by students within that context, represents an evolution of the process, but we also consider the possible reception of such models in the context of debates around academic literacies and the degree to which they may be seen and used as contributing to an orthodoxy of expression. We acknowledge that this experiment in writing and pedagogy may be perceived as providing ‘exemplars of standards’, but argue that it actually models differing depths of thinking, and also opens up discussion about orthodoxies of academic writing. Our four models of different levels of critical reflective writing are provided as appendices, and may be used or adapted as necessary. The production of such graduated accounts is ‘effortful work’, but the process can help us (academics) to better understand our own, as well as facilitating learners’, concepts of depth and ‘good practice’.
Service design approaches and applications in higher education: A thematic literature review
Authors: Joshi Marjo , Alavaikko Mika
Published: November 2020

Service design has gained ground in the field of education. This article aims to reveal current approaches of service design applied to higher education pedagogy. The methodological approach is thematic literature review. Great variation in the application of service design can be found through review of selected literature. Three key categories were used for analysis: service, method and value. Four main approaches emerge from the results: service design applied on (1) courses and assignments; (2) pedagogical methods or models; (3) pedagogical applications for specific groups and (4) pedagogy outside formal education. Managers, teachers or researchers can use the results of this study to develop higher education pedagogy with service design approaches. Results also indicate possibilities for further research in the area of participatory design, international and national collaboration or value creation.
Being Various: New Irish Short Stories, Lucy Caldwell (ed.) (2019)
Authors: McCrory Moy
Published: November 2020

Review of: Being Various: New Irish Short Stories, Lucy Caldwell (ed.) (2019)

London: Faber & Faber, 368 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-57135-410-8, p/bk, £9.99
Social network analysis of lodging establishments in Tiradentes (MG): Profile and evidence of relationships genesis
Authors: Vasconcelos Geraldo Magela Rodrigues De , Melo-Silva Gustavo , Maia Velcimiro Inácio
Published: November 2020

The analysis of social networks (SNA) constitutes a major advance in tourism research by revealing the characteristics of established relationships, displaying their structures and properties. This work aims to characterize and analyze the cooperation network formed between owners of inns in Tiradentes-MG. In order to explore the context of the survey, the interviews were conducted with seven owners of inns. Subsequently, a questionnaire was submitted to the owners for a data collection. A network of cooperation was created through the ‘snow ball’ technique. Going forward SNA techniques were used, with the emphasis on descriptive metrics and by generating Exponential Random Graph Models (ERGM). Thus it was possible to characterize the cooperation network and analyze its properties. The network has 54 inns, with a low overall density, because there are only 4.7% of possible relationships. 17 central and 37 peripheral establishments were identified. In the central subgroup the density was 15.4% and in the peripheral subgroup only 2.6%. The observed cooperation network presented homophily by gender and origin of the owners. The results of ERGM modeling allowed probabilistic explanations in terms of shared attributes of owners, such as gender and origin.
As representações sociais do bacharel em turismo: Formação, conhecimento e identidade
Authors: De Menezes Paula Dutra Leão , Teixeira Célia Regina
Published: November 2020

Este trabalho faz parte da tese “A construção do currículo em cursos de bacharelado em turismo: caminhos para a formação do profissional de turismo”. O objetivo do presente artigo é compreender as representações sociais dos graduados como profissionais, de modo a desvendar a identidade e a realidade da formação desse profissional. A pesquisa fundamentou-se na Teoria das Representações Sociais, a qual contribui significativamente para a compreensão de fenômenos sociais. Justifica-se que o bacharel em turismo vai construindo a sua identidade profissional por meio da sua formação e das experiências e práticas cotidianas. De abordagem qualitativa, a pesquisa foi realizada com egressos dos cursos de turismo da Universidade Federal da Paraíba, da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco e Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte. Como instrumento de coleta de dados foram empregadas entrevistas de grupo focal com egressos dos cursos das referidas instituições de ensino selecionadas para o estudo. Os resultados permitiram identificar as representações sociais do bacharel em turismo, como um profissional que se apresenta na noção-imagem de gestor, planejador turístico, que se materializa como a identidade profissional e emerge o discurso dos currículos prescritos nos cursos de turismo, que toma forma e configuração específica ao longo do processo de formação profissional.
Impact of COVID-19 on Out-Patient Services - Physiotherapy's Perspectives
Authors: Sirohi Priya
Published: November 2020

The rapid spread of Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has led to global pandemic affecting mental and physical well-being of people around the world. Given the highly contagious nature of COVID-19, public authorities in order to restrict the escalation of the virus ordered social lockdown and asked people to self-quarantine at homes if they develop any symptoms. As a result, these new social regulations have changed how individuals live and carry out everyday tasks in the general society. Reduced physical activity during lockdown has enhanced vulnerability to develop infections and non-communicable diseases. While on the other side, due to absence of routine medical surveillance, the condition of people with existing chronic conditions has deteriorated. Re-allocation of health care resources to treat COVID-19 patients put forward unprecedented challenge for the healthcare system in terms of providing medical support to non-infected out-patients. Extended social lockdowns are also causing adverse repercussions for physiotherapy and rehabilitation out-patient services. COVID-19 restrictions have hampered the in-person interaction of therapists and patients for in-person consultations and therapy sessions. Thus, leading to overall delay in the management and recovery of patients, especially those who are at a critical stage of treatment. During these unprecedented times of COVID19 pandemic, provision of telehealth appeared to be the guiding light to tackle these evolving challenges of public health. Focusing on the out-patients who need close supervision for therapies and counselling, in this piece, “I” am arguing that methods of telemedicine and tele-rehabilitation should be actively adopted in the healthcare services to bridge the gap caused due to COVID-19.
A Comparative Study of Corneal Endothelial Cell Count and Central Corneal Thickness in Emmetropia and Axial Myopia
Authors: Panjwani Vandana , Daigavane Sachin
Published: November 2020

BACKGROUND The main attributes of cornea which makes it optically important is its ability to maintain its dehydrated state. This corneal dehydration can be achieved and maintained by various factors among which corneal endothelial cell count and morphology play a significant role. Corneal attributes considered in this study i.e. the corneal endothelial cell count and central corneal thickness are extremely variable, and changes are seen even with smaller changes in anterior segment or overall structural changes in eyes. We wanted to compare central corneal thickness in emmetropia and axial myopia and compare corneal endothelial cell count in emmetropia and axial myopia. METHODS The sample size was decided taking into consideration various prevalence studies. The patients were consecutively recruited for the study considering the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects were divided into two groups emmetropia and axial myopia and were differentiated on the basis of the axial lengths. Specular microscopy was performed for the subjects and corneal endothelial cell count, morphology and central corneal thickness were measured, and comparative study was performed. RESULTS This study of 80 eyes shows us that the difference between mean the corneal endothelial cell count between emmetrope (2812.80 cells / mm2) and axial myopes (2653 cells / mm2) is statistically significant where p was < 0.05 while the mean central corneal thickness measurements didn’t show statistically significant change between emmetrope (490.05 microns) and axial myope. (489.37 microns). CONCLUSIONS Axial length has an indirect correlation with the corneal endothelial cell count which is statistically significant. While significant correlation between the central corneal thickness and axial length cannot be established in this study. KEY WORDS Emmetropia, Axial Myopia, Corneal Endothelial Cell Count, Central Corneal Thickness, Comparison
A Medication Template for Patients with Chronic Medical Conditions to Promote Medication Adherence
Authors: Sanghani Ninad
Published: November 2020

In primary care setting, patients with chronic illnesses are prescribed and treated with multiple medications. Almost 50% of them do not take their medications as prescribed and this non-adherence causes poor health outcomes and is associated with additional $100 to $300 billion of avoidable health care costs in the US. Main risk factors for this are: low health literacy, lack of self-confidence in understanding purpose, intent, numeracy, dosing schedules, and memory impairment. Educating patients by writing description of medication, its purpose, side effects and additional information in a medication template can overcome the identified issues and improve medication adherence.
COGNITIVE CORRELATES OF LACK OF JUDGMENT AND INSIGHT IN PATIENTS WITH PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA: METHODOLOGY AND RESEARCH PROGRAM
Authors: Pekker Mariya Valerievna , Shchelkova Olga Yurievna
Published: November 2020

The article emphasizes a vagueness in scientific views and assessment tools common in Russian psychology and psychiatry about lack of judgement and insight phenomenon. The approach justifies a necessity to improve psychological assessment of lack of judgement and insight in patients with paranoid schizophrenia, taking into account the emergence of new scientific data and theories, in particular the concepts of cognitive deficit and metacognitive functions. For this reason, the method of assessment of lack of judgment and insight is justified using, among others, the quantitative indicators of cognitive functions. There are 90 patients of mental hospital diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia examined by now. Using a semi-structured interview, the characteristics of lack of judgment, anosognosia and incorrect self-awareness were obtained in these patients, as well as their attitude to erroneous decisions. Using clinical scales (values were verified by psychiatrist), the social performance and symptoms severity were evaluated. The cognitive performance was assessed by number of neuropsychological tools. Also, a brief neuropsychological monitoring was used to exclude patients with organic pathology. An attempt is made to experimentally evaluate cognitive correlates of lack of judgment and insight (understood as metacognitive function, as ability to recognize and correct erroneous decisions) in patients with paranoid schizophrenia by means of a comprehensive analysis of the patient's erroneous decisions, their attitude to them and characteristics of cognitive deficit.
GAMBARAN KEJADIAN STUNTING DAN WASTING PADA BAYI DAN BALITA DI TENAYAN RAYA PEKANBARU
Authors: Addawiah Rabiatul , Hasanah Oswati , Deli Hellena
Published: November 2020

Latar belakang: Stunting dan wasting merupakan masalah gizi yang memiliki dampak pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan kognitif anak sehingga perlu dilakukan identifikasi sebagai bentuk pencegahan dan diagnosis dini.Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat angka kejadian stunting dan wasting pada bayi dan balita di Kelurahan Rejosari, Tenayan Raya, Pekanbaru.Metode: Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kuantitatif yang bersifat retrospektif dengan pendekatan analisis data sekunder. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 409 anak usia 0-59 bulan yang memiliki catatan berat badan dan tinggi badan di Posyandu di Kelurahan Rejosari pada Februari 2020 yang diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah data catatan berat badan dan tinggi badan bayi dan balita dan tabel standar antropometri penilaian status gizi anak oleh Kementerian Kesehatan. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis univariat.Hasil: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebagian besar responden adalah anak usia toddler (45,2%) dan lebih dari separuh responden adalah perempuan (50,6%). Mayoritas anak memiliki status gizi normal menurut indeks panjang/tinggi badan menurut usia (PB/U atau TB/U) dan berat badan menurut panjang/tinggi badan (BB/PB atau BB/TB), ditemukan angka kejadian stunting sebanyak 17,8% dengan kategori pendek (11,7%) dan sangat pendek (6,1%) dan angka kejadian wasting sebanyak 12,2% dengan kategori gizi kurang (8,1%) dan gizi buruk (4,2%). Berdasarkan usia, kejadian stunting lebih banyak terjadi pada toddler (18,9%) dan wasting lebih banyak terjadi pada preschool (15,3%), selanjutnya berdasarkan jenis kelamin, kejadian stunting pada laki-laki dan perempuan tidak jauh berbeda (17,8% dan 17,9%) sedangkan untuk wasting lebih banyak terjadi pada laki-laki (16,3%).Simpulan: Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan meskipun mayoritas anak memiliki status gizi normal berdasarkan PB/U atau TB/U dan BB/PB atau BB/TB, namun masih ditemukan angka kejadian stunting dan wasting. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan kepada masyarakat khususnya keluarga yang memiliki bayi dan balita untuk terus melakukan pemantauan pertumbuhan bayi dan balita secara rutin.
Supporting and scaffolding your students in (Post) Corona-times: Some practical ideas and strategies inspired by research
Authors: Mullamaa Kristina
Published: November 2020

Student and teacher cooperation have long been considered to be the pillars of a meaningful learning process. In the article below we view some aspects of motivating students and empowering teachers that may be relevant for a balanced study process in such cooperation.
THE EFFECT OF SOCIAL NETWORK MARKETING ON INTENTION TO CHOOSE BY MEDIATING CONSUMER ENGAGEMENT
Authors: Saputro Agus Priyatmoko , Hidayat Anas
Published: November 2020

Social media is a new phenomenon in the development of information technology. The role of social media which previously only served as entertainment has now turned into a marketing tool that is widely used by both macro and micro businesses. This study aims to examine the effect of Social Network Marketing on Intention to Choose and Consumer Engagement, and Consumer Engagement to mediate the relationship between Social Network Marketing and Intention to Choose. This study used 220 student respondents using social media in Yogyakarta. The analysis tool used is the Structural Equation Model using the AMOS application. The results of this study indicate that Social Network Marketing has a positive and significant effect on Intention to Choose. Social Network Marketing has a positive and significant effect on Consumer Engagement. Consumer Engagement has a positive and significant effect on Intention to Choose. Consumer Engagement mediates the relationship between Social Network Marketing and Intention to Choose.
EMPOWERMENT OF DOLLY LOCALIZATION COMMUNITIES WITH BATIK-BASED INNOVATION AND EXPORT POTENTIALS IN PUTAT JAYA AREA, SURABAYA EAST JAVA
Authors: Widiana Muslichah Erma , Wahyudi Suhud , Enny W. Mahmuda
Published: November 2020

Community service program entitled Innovation of Batik Craftsmen by Empowering Human Resources "Ex-Dolly Localization" Based on High Competitiveness Science and Technology and Leading Export Potentials of Kel. Putat jaya barat, Surabaya East Java. Partners (1) Mrs. Kusmiati Putat Jaya Barat VIIIB-31 Surabaya. Partners (2) The Women of Putat Jaya Barat VIIIB and surrounding areas who have an interest as batik artisans. Partners are assisted by the City Government which is affected by the closure of the localization of the economy, then the City Government facilitated the establishment of the Jarak Arum. Problems: 1) The batik cloth produced starts from a monotonous design, so far it has been designed conventionally so it is not effective. 2) tools for stamped batik cloth have often been used so that the design does not vary. 3) The craftsmen to always be enthusiastic need to be motivated as craftsmen and so batik that is competitive and has a high selling value needs to be widely known.

The solution: 1) Technology Application of the software for batik design and coloring so that new designs will always appear. 2) Stamped batik equipment consisting of a stamp and its stamp 3) Knowledge of entrepreneurial spirit and technology in conducting marketing activities. Methods: (1) Design, build, maintain the use of Technology Application of software for batik design and coloring so that new designs will always appear (2) Design, build, maintain the use of stamp equipment for partners1 and partners2 (3) Training, practice, and assistance transmits entrepreneurial mindset and behavior, e-marketing with smartphones for partners 1 and partners 2.
The GENDER RELATIONS AND INTRA-HOUSEHOLD RESOURCE ALLOCATIONS: WOMEN’ S ACCESS TO AGRICULTURE EXTENSION AND ADVISORY SERVICES IN KABLE DISTRICT, UGANDA
Authors: Mbabazi Peace
Published: November 2020

Abstract

Gender relations embody and justify unequal power relations in intra-household allocation and livelihood improvement strategies. While women are the main actors in agriculture production in the Kabale’s dominant smallholder farmer households, they are restricted from control and use of the production resources necessary to access Agriculture Extension and Advisory Services. Household and higher level institutional structures are within patriarchal power setting and women have to bargain through explicit and implicit ways to access household resources, each with implications on accessibility to support services needed to improve livelihood. There are however, some few cases of mutual cooperation with positive ramifications on access to extension services as well as on household livelihood outcomes. While this paper recognizes eminent reforms during the era of agriculture modernisation, these have not yet fully achieved power and institutional transformation for the meaningful positioning of women with regard to control and use of resources needed to access extension services at household level.
Uninettuno University for Refugees: a Model of Network for an Education without Boundaries
Authors: Garito Maria Amata
Published: November 2020

In the European countries, and especially in Italy, one of the hardest challenges we are facing these days is the escalating crisis of migrants and refugees coming from the Arab World and Sub-Saharan Africa countries. The history of universities tells us that the first Universities realized a networked model in which students shaped their own study path, moving from one institution to another across Europe in order to attend the lectures by the best lecturers from different Universities. The Medieval higher education system, therefore, acted as a bridge between different cultures, fostering knowledge exchange, sharing and construction based on a networked organizational model, and an educational model promoting discussions and debates (questio and disputatio). Nowadays, ICT technologies, and above all the Internet, allow Universities to re-create a network of knowledge and of students and professors, sharing experiences and competences from different social and cultural backgrounds. The International Telematic University UNINETTUNO developed and implemented an internalization model and a psycho-pedagogic model, whose main characteristics are described in this paper, promoting the collaboration among Universities from the United States, Europe, Asia and above all from the Arab World Countries. Through this collaborations, UNINETTUNO developed the first higher education portal in the world which is available in 5 languages (Italian, English, French, Arabic and Greek), enrolled students from 168 countries of the world. The success of these international cooperation activities inspired UNINETTUNO in the creation of an Internet-based portal (The University for Refugees — Education without Boundaries, that will be presented in this paper) allowing refugees and migrants to access the University for free from any place across the world, providing services like: Recognition of the study title, Recognition of Professional Skills, Language Learning courses, Health Services, Mutual Rights and Duties. This initiative, launched in 2016, became a true laboratory of intercultural and interlingual communication that promotes a truly effective model of cooperation and inclusion with refugees and students from different parts of the world.
making a peoples defense and safety System
Authors: Herianto Novi , Nakir M.
Published: November 2020

Article 30 of the 1945 Constitution is the basis for the formulation and drafting of Law No.3 / 2002 on national defense. In article 30, it is stipulated that national defense and security efforts are carried out through the system of defense and security of the total people by the Indonesian National Army and the Indonesian National Police, as the main force, and the people, as the supporting force. This system of defense and security for the people of the universe is then manifested in Law No.20 / 1982 concerning the main provisions of national defense. However, when the TAP MPR Number VI and Number VII was issued regarding the Separation of the Police from ABRI. The government is drafting a new Defense Law that is aligned to separate Defense and security that is adaptive to these changes. The defense is compiled and formulated and then translated into Law no. 3/2002, however, the Law on Security was not immediately realized, instead Law No.2 / 2002 concerning the Indonesian National Police. Until now, the Law on Security does not exist and has not been materialized. As a result, there is a gap between legislation in the defense sector and legislation in the security sector. Some of the mandates of Law No.3 / 2002 can then be translated into Laws, Government Regulations, Presidential decrees instead other legislation products to support national defense. 

The lack of this security aspect of course affects the defense and security system which was previously manifested as a comprehensive unit which is of course adjusted to the history of the nation itself. In addition to defense duties which are military in nature, there are tasks in the field of military Nir which all fall into the category of security aspects. As long as there are no regulations governing Security, the Defense and Security System mandated in the 1945 constitution will never materialize.
Organizational culture empowering nurses an residents in nursing homes
Authors: Herold-Majumdar Astrid , Marijic Pavo , Stemmer Renate
Published: November 2020

Purpose. If nurses should respect resident´s autonomy, nurses themselves must experience empowerment and respect for their own autonomy in the work environment. The purpose of this study is to get a deeper understanding of nurses’ perception of their own empowerment in the organization’s culture during an intervention program for strengthening autonomy.

Design/methodology/approach. Guided semi-structured interviews and moderated group discussions were conducted before and after the intervention. A structured and evaluative content analysis of the text material were performed.

Findings. In total 73 nurses and nurse aids working at frontline with the residents were voluntarily included into the study. New categories for nurses’ perceived empowerment and organizational culture could be derived from the text material.

Originality/value. The study’s results deliver a theoretical model with a sophisticated system of categories for organizational culture as perceived by nurses that can be used for further qualitative and quantitative research and for a sustainable organization development.
Covert Environmental Warfare Assault on India: An Open Letter to the Indian Academy of Sciences
Authors: Herndon J. Marvin
Published: November 2020

In 2015, in response to an urgent call for assistance to understand the geological association of high aluminum mobility with human health in the Ganga Alluvial Plain, I published a General Article in Current Science entitled “Aluminum poisoning of humanity and Earth’s biota by clandestine geoengineering activity: implications for India”. The events that transpired following its publication led to evidence and documentation that the furtherance of that activity is tantamount to waging environmental warfare against Indian citizens, and citizens of other countries. Its publication, however, triggered an assault by one or more disinformation professionals that may have “poisoned the well” at the Indian Academy of Sciences. The truth is laid out here. During the following five years many questions were answered, such as: Why were the particles being placed into the lower-atmosphere (troposphere), not into the upper-atmosphere (stratosphere)? Why was there no public mention of the jet-emplaced particulate trails except through dissemination of false information, i.e. the contrail lie? What is the legal justification? What are the dangers to human and environmental health? The survival of Indian citizenry is critically dependent upon the natural weather cycles. No one has the right to poison the air people breathe or to disrupt the natural environment that makes life possible. The United Nations’ sanctioned “peaceful environmental improvement” constitutes, I allege, covert, hostile, environmental warfare. By virtue of their abilities and advanced training, scientists have an implicit responsibility toward humanity. Scientific integrity is even more important for members of the Indian Academy of Sciences who must now muster courage to confront a very real threat to the survival of their nation.
Prefronto-Striatal Structural Connectivity Mediates Adult Age Differences in Action Selection
Authors: Rasooli Amirhossein , Zivari Adab Hamed , Chalavi Sima , Monteiro Thiago S. , Dhollander Thijs , Mantini Dante , Swinnen Stephan P.
Published: November 2020

In complex everyday environments, action selection is critical for optimal goal-directed behavior. This refers to the process of choosing a proper action from the range of possible alternatives. The neural mechanisms underlying action selection and how these are affected by normal aging remain to be elucidated. In the present cross-sectional study, we studied processes of effector selection during a multilimb reaction time task in a lifespan sample of healthy human adults (N= 89; 20-75 years; 48 males, 41 females). Participants were instructed to react as quickly and accurately as possible to visually cued stimuli representing single-limb or combined upper and/or lower limb motions. Diffusion MRI was used to study structural connectivity between prefrontal and striatal regions as critical nodes for action selection. Behavioral findings revealed that increasing age was associated with slowing of action selection performance. At the neural level, aging had a negative impact on prefronto-striatal connectivity. Importantly, mediation analyses revealed that the negative association between action selection performance and age was mediated by prefronto-striatal connectivity, specifically the connections between left rostral medial frontal gyrus and left nucleus accumbens as well as right frontal pole and left caudate. These results highlight the potential role of prefronto-striatal white matter decline in poorer action selection performance of older adults.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAs a result of enhanced life expectancy, researchers have devoted increasing attention to the study of age-related alterations in cognitive and motor functions. Here we study associations between brain structure and behavior to reveal the impact of central neural white matter changes as a function of normal aging on action selection performance. We demonstrate the critical role of a reduction in prefronto-striatal structural connectivity in accounting for action selection performance deficits in healthy older adults. Preserving this cortico-subcortical pathway may be critical for behavioral flexibility and functional independence in older age.
A Comparative Study on Breast Milk Feeding and Formula Milk Feeding in Infants With Congenital Heart Disease After Surgery: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Yu Xian-rong , Xu Ning , Huang Shu-ting , Lin Ze-wei , Wang Zeng-chun , Cao Hua , Chen Qiang
Published: November 2020

Objective: To explore the effects of breast milk feeding and formula milk feeding on infants after cardiac surgery in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods: Infants who underwent cardiac surgery in our ICU were divided into two groups, according to feeding type. Breast milk feeding and formula milk feeding were separately implemented in the two groups, and the remaining treatment regimens were the same. The related clinical data and feeding effects were recorded and compared.
Results: The prealbumin (147.3 ± 15.2 versus 121.5 ± 18.3mg/L) and albumin (46.4 ± 4.2 versus 40.5 ± 5.1 g/L) levels in the breast milk feeding group were better than those in the formula milk feeding group (P < .05). Infants in the breast milk feeding group achieved a better total enteral nutrition time (3.0 ± 1.2 versus 5.2 ± 2.1 d), average daily weight gain (19.0 ± 3.4 versus 14.4 ± 2.3 g/kg·d), length of ICU stay (6.0 ± 2.2 versus 8.1 ± 2.9 d) and length of hospital stay (13.9 ± 4.2 versus 17.8 ± 5.6 d) than those in the formula milk feeding group (P < .05). The incidence of complications such as feeding intolerance, anemia, dyspeptic diarrhea, and nosocomial infection was lower in the breast milk feeding group than in the formula milk feeding group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion: Breast milk feeding has a definite nutritional effect on infants after cardiac surgery. It is better than formula milk feeding, making it worthy of popularization and application.
Outcomes of Primary Bidirectional Glenn in Children with Single Ventricle Physiology and Increased Pulmonary Blood Flow
Authors: Dohain Ahmed Mohamed , Mashat Muhammed A. , Al-Mojaddidi Ahmed M.A , Abdelmotaleb Mohamed E. , Mashat Abdulla A. , Abdelmohsen Gaser , Abdelsalam Mohamed H. , Al-Ata Jameel , Attia Wael A. , Faden Mazen S. , Zaher Zaher F. , Bahaidarah Saud A. , Alkhushi Naif A. , Al-Radi Osman O. , Elassal Ahmed A.
Published: November 2020

Background: We reported our experience in managing patients with single ventricle (SV) physiology and increased pulmonary blood flow (PBF), aiming to assess if it is feasible to proceed with primary Bidirectional Glenn (BDG) without a prior operation to limit PBF.
Materials and methods: This is a retrospective study with 51 consecutive patients who underwent BDG operation as a primary operation or a second stage prior to the definitive Fontan operation at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between 2010 and 2018. Patients were categorized into two groups based on their PBF prior to the operation: Patients who had SV physiology and increased PBF (seven patients) vs. patients with SV physiology and restricted PBF (44 patients).
Results: The median age for the increased PBF group was 9.9 months [interquartile range (IQR): 2-16.9 months], and the median age for the restricted PBF group was 15.3 months (IQR: 6.7-42.6 months). Although the length of hospital stay was longer in patients with increased PBF (P = 0.039), we couldn't find a statistically significant difference in early mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of pleural drainage, and length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay between the groups.
Conclusion: In our experience, we found that primary BDG could be done safely for patients having SV physiology and increased PBF with acceptable short-term outcomes. It might further reduce the morbidity and mortality for those patients by avoiding the risk of initial pulmonary artery banding or aortopulmonary shunts.
Formação gerencial: uma análise da oferta dos programas de pós-graduação lato sensu em gestão empresarial do rs/Brasil. VIII Congreso Iberoamericano de Investigación sobre Gobernanza Universitaria
Authors: Tamara Cecilia karawejczyk Telles , Silvia Adriana da Silva Soare
Published: November 2020

O objetivo deste estudo é discutir o oferecimento de produtos e serviços, no âmbito dos programas em nível de pós-graduação lato sensu, pelas instituições de ensino superior do RS. O método de pesquisa utilizado foi o qualitativo e exploratório, sendo que a coleta de dados ocorreu através de dados secundários, documentos institucionais e sites das IES e entrevistas semiestruturadas, com coordenadores dos programas e também com especialistas em formação gerencial. Os resultados são discutidos à luz de autores e pesquisas sobre formação gerencial, apontando que, se por um lado há uma crescente preocupação com investimentos neste tipo de formação, seja por parte das empresas ou por parte dos gestores que buscam estes programas, por outro ainda existe um longo caminho que as IES necessitam trilhar para uma contribuição efetiva neste tipo de formação.
Preparation and properties of kraft lignin-N-isopropyl acrylamide hydrogel
Authors: Luo Huachao , Ren Shixue , Ma Yanli , Fang Guizhen , Jiang Guiquan
Published: November 2020

Kraft lignin was used to prepare kraft lignin-N-isopropyl acrylamide hydrogel (KNIAH). The results indicated that using a 1:2 mass ratio of KL-to-N-isopropyl acrylamide (NIPAM), 48 h reaction time, and 1.5 mL of crosslinking agent yielded KNIAH with the maximum swelling degree (209.3%). The crosslinking reaction was verified by C-N shifting at 1272 cm-1 and increased C=O bonding at 1720 cm-1. KNIAH with a smooth and uniform surface was created. DSC demonstrated that free water combined with KNIAH at 200 °C, after which KNIAH began exothermic decomposition. TGA shows that KNIAH with good performance of heat resistance and degradation. Absorption was maximized at 20 °C; low temperature and neutral solution was conducive to water absorption. Decolorization increased with decreasing concentration and pH value.
Applications of ToF-SIMS in surface chemistry analysis of lignocellulosic biomass: A review
Authors: Mou Hong Yan , Wu Shubin , Fardim Pedro
Published: November 2020

Time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) is an advanced surface-sensitive technique that can provide both spectral and imaging information about materials. Recently, ToF-SIMS has been used for advanced studies of lignocellulosic biomass. In the current article, the application of ToF-SIMS to the characterization of the surface chemical composition and distribution of biomass components in lignocelluloses is reviewed. Moreover, extended applications of ToF-SIMS in the study of pretreatments, modification of biomaterials, and enzyme activity of lignocellulosic materials are presented and discussed. Sample preparation prior to ToF-SIMS analysis and subsequent interpretation of results is a critical factor in ensuring reliable results. The focus of this review is to give a comprehensive understanding of and offer new hints about the effects of processing conditions on the surface chemistry of lignocellulosic biomass.
Fiber reinforced soy-based polyurethane spray foam insulation. Part 1: Cell morphologies
Authors: Khazabi Mustafa , Gu Ruijun , Sain Mohini
Published: November 2020

Environmentally friendly polyurethane (PU) spray foam insulation was prepared by substituting petrochemical polyol with soy-based polyol. The effects of adding wood fiber and water on the cell morphologies were studied. Cell size increased with the presence of wood fiber, but it decreased with an increase of water (H2O). Still, shorter fiber decreased in foam density but increased in cell size and open cell content.
Characterization and identification of freshwater microalgal strains toward biofuel production
Authors: Yang Xun , Liu Pinghuai , Hao Zongdi , Shi Jie , Zhang Sen
Published: November 2020

Fifty-three algal cultures were isolated from freshwater lakes in Hainan, China. Four microalgal isolates were selected because they could be successfully cultivated at high density and demostrated a strong fluorescence after being stained with nile red. These cultures were identified as strains of Chlorella sp. C11, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii C22, Monoraphidium dybowskii C29, and Chlorella sp. HK12 through microscopic and 18S rDNA analysis. Under similar conditions, the lipid productivity of Chlorella sp. C11, Chla. reinhardtii C22, M. dybowskii C29 , and Chlorella sp. HK12 were 1.88, 2.79, 2.00, and 3.25 g L-1, respectively. Chla. reinhardtii C22 yielded a higher lipid content (51%), with a lower biomass concentration (5.47 g dwt L-1). Chlorella sp. HK12 reached a growth rate of 0.88 day-1 at OD540nm and yielded a biomass concentration of 7.56 g dwt L-1, with a high lipid content of 43%. Gas chromatography/ mass spectrometry analysis indicated that lipid fraction mainly comprises hydrocarbons including palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acids. Our results suggest that Chlorella sp. HK12 is a promising species for biodiesel production, because of its high lipid productivity and a relatively high content of oleic acid.
The effects of wood species, load direction, and adhesives on bending properties of laminated veneer lumber
Authors: Bal Bekir Cihad , Bektaş İbrahim
Published: November 2020

In this study, the bending strength and stiffness of laminated veneer lumber (LVL) produced from beech (Fagus orientalis L.), poplar (Populus x euramericana I-214), and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden) wood using urea formaldehyde (UF), melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF), and phenol formaldehyde (PF) adhesives were determined. The tests were conducted in the flatwise and edgewise directions. The modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), specific modulus of rupture (SMOR), and specific modulus of elasticity (SMOE) were calculated. Variance analysis of the bending properties indicated that the effects of the species of tree, the direction of the load, and the type of adhesive were statistically significant. However, according to variance analysis of the SMOR, the effects of the type of adhesive were not significant. The results showed that the type of adhesive did not influence the bending properties of laminated veneer lumber. It can be stated that the differences among groups were due to differences in their densities. The direction of the load and the species of the tree had significant effects on the bending properties.
Estudio comparativo entre banda de tensión y tornillo compresivo para la artrodesis interfalángica proximal y metacarpofalángica
Authors: Bennice Javier , Gallucci Gerardo L. , Zaidenberg Ezequiel E. , De Carli Pablo , Boretto Jorge G.
Published: November 2020

Resumen

Introducción: Los métodos más utilizados para la artrodesis de la articulación interfalángica proximal y metacarpofalángica son la banda de tensión y el tornillo compresivo. El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar los resultados entre pacientes tratados con estas técnicas. Materiales y Métodos: Estudio comparativo retrospectivo de 10 años. Se incluyeron pacientes esqueléticamente maduros tratados por artrosis y artritis. Se analizaron la tasa de consolidación ósea, el tiempo hasta la consolidación, la incidencia de complicaciones y la tasa de reoperaciones. En un análisis secundario, se compararon los pacientes reumáticos y no reumáticos. Resultados: Se evaluaron 56 casos en 44 pacientes (edad promedio 53 años). Grupo 1: 35 casos tratados con banda de tensión y grupo 2: 21 tratados con tornillo compresivo. Había 32 casos reumáticos y 24 no reumáticos. El seguimiento promedio fue de 24 meses. La tasa promedio de consolidación fue del 94,2% en el grupo 1 y del 85,7% en el grupo 2. La incidencia de complicaciones fue del 11,4% en el primer grupo y 23,8% en el segundo, y la tasa de reoperaciones, del 17,1% y del 0%, respectivamente. Conclusiones: Ambos métodos permiten lograr tasas altas de consolidación, pero la incidencia de seudoartrosis fue casi tres veces superior con el tornillo compresivo que con la banda de tensión. La tasa más alta de reoperaciones en el grupo con banda de tensión fue por extracción del material. El tiempo de consolidación fue más corto en los pacientes no reumáticos, independientemente de la técnica.

Palabras clave: Artrodesis; fusión interfalángica proximal y metacarpofalángica; banda de tensión; tornillo compresivo.

Nivel de Evidencia: III