bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Revenue Management in Airline Alliances
Authors: Wright Christopher P. , Groenevelt Harry , Shumsky Robert A.
Published: March 2010

Major airlines are selling increasing numbers of interline itineraries in which flights operated by two or more airlines are combined and sold together. One reason for this increase is the rapid growth of airline alliances, which promote the purchase of interline itineraries and, therefore, virtually extend the reach of each alliance member's network. This practice, however, creates a difficult coordination problem: Each member of the alliance makes revenue management decisions to maximize its own revenue and the resulting behavior may produce suboptimal revenue for the alliance as a whole. Airline industry researchers and consultants have proposed a variety of static and dynamic mechanisms to control revenue management decisions across alliances (a dynamic mechanism adjusts its parameters as the number of available seats in the network changes and time passes). In this paper, we formulate a Markov game model of a two-partner alliance that can be used to analyze the effects of these mechanisms on each partner's behavior. We begin by showing that no Markovian transfer pricing mechanism can coordinate an arbitrary alliance. Next, we examine three dynamic schemes as well as three forms of the static scheme widely used in practice. We derive the equilibrium acceptance policies under each scheme and use analytical techniques as well as numerical analyses of sample alliances to generate fundamental insights about partner behavior under each scheme. The analysis and numerical examples also illustrate how certain transfer price schemes are likely to perform in networks with particular characteristics.
Hypertrophic Cranial Pachymeningitis Induced by Long-Term Administration of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
Authors: Zhou Zhujuan , Li Qianning , Zheng Jian
Published: March 2010

Objective

To report a case of hypertrophic cranial pachymeningitis (HCP) associated with the long-term administration of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Case summary

A 23-year-old man presented with recurrent headaches as the primary clinical manifestation. After the administration of the NSAIDs indomethacin and aceclofenac for 2 years, he developed signs of progressive cranial polyneuropathies (eg, II, III, V, VI, and VII palsy) and damage to the brainstem. Cranial contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed curvilinear subdural enhancement and significant tentorium cerebelli and faix cerebri enhancements. Since antituberculosis treatment combined with corticosteroid therapy and analgesia with celecoxib for 40 days had not achieved satisfactory results, NSAIDs were discontinued and a single oral dose of a corticosteroid was given. No headaches were reported at a 6-month follow-up appointment. In addition, his cranial polyneuropathy improved significantly. Reexamination by contrast-enhanced MRI scan demonstrated that tentorial enhancement and thickening of the falx cerebri were markedly alleviated.

Discussion

No additional causes of HCP were found during systematic investigation in this patient. In addition to headache, cranial polyneuropathy and thickened cerebral dura mater appeared after administration of NSAIDs for 2 years. The symptoms that appeared during the NSAID therapy were remarkably alleviated 5 months after medication discontinuation. Adverse drug reaction (ADR) assessment revealed that long-term administration of NSAIDs may be associated with the occurrence and development of HCP.

Conclusions

Long-term administration of NSAIDs is a probable cause of HCP. Clinicians should be aware of this ADR and avoid prescribing NSAIDs for an extended period.
Use of Daptomycin in a Pregnant Patient with Staphylococcus aureus Endocarditis
Authors: Stroup Jeffrey S , Wagner James , Badzinski Terry
Published: March 2010

Objective

To report on 6 weeks of daptomycin treatment for tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by Staphylococcus aureus in a pregnant female in her second trimester.

Case summary

A 24-year-old, 14-week pregnant patient with no significant medical history, but with a history of intravenous drug abuse presented with tricuspid valve endocarditis caused by methicillin-sensitive S. aureus. After initial treatment with vancomycin, the patient continued to have fever and bacteremia and was initiated on daptomycin 6 mg/kg for 6 weeks of therapy. The treatment resulted in the resolution of the endocarditis, and no adverse sequelae were identified in the mother or baby.

Discussion

Infective endocarditis is a common infection encountered in the hospital setting and represents an increased cost burden to institutions due to prolonged lengths of treatment. Antimicrobial resistance, antimicrobial failure, inadequate attainment of effective drug concentrations, drug allergies, and adverse reactions may be factors that limit the use of commonly utilized antimicrobial agents. Therefore, newer therapies like daptomycin may need to be employed in these situations. Although daptomycin is pregnancy category B, limited case reports with neonatal outcomes are reported.

Conclusions

This case provides further support for the safety of daptomycin in pregnancy with the dose of 6 mg/kg, the extended duration of therapy (6 weeks), and the primary exposure in the second trimester.
A Novel Clinically Relevant Animal Model for Studying Galectin-3 and Its Ligands During Colon Carcinogenesis
Authors: Hill Marcelo , Mazal Daniel , Biron Verónica Andrea , Pereira Laura , Ubillos Luis , Berriel Edgardo , Ahmed Hafiz , Freire Teresa , Rondán Mariella , Vasta Gerardo R. , Liu Fu-Tong , Iglesias María Mercedes , Osinaga Eduardo
Published: March 2010

Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a multifunctional protein that plays different roles in cancer biology. To better understand the role of Gal-3 and its ligands during colon carcino-genesis, we studied its expression in tumors induced in rats treated with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) and in human tissues. Normal colon from untreated rats showed no staining using two specific monoclonal antibodies. In contrast, morphologically normal colon from DMH-treated rats and dysplastic aberrant crypt foci were strongly stained, indicating that increased Gal-3 expression is an early event during the neoplastic transformation in colon cells. Gal-3 was weakly expressed in adenocarcinomas. Overall, the Gal-3 expression pattern observed in the DMH rat model closely resembles that displayed by human colon stained with the same antibodies. We also found that Gal-3 phosphorylation diminishes in serines while increasing in tyrosines during rat colon carcinogenesis. Finally, we showed that Gal-3–ligands expression is strikingly similar in rat and human malignant colon and in non-malignant tissues. In conclusion, the DMH-induced rat colon cancer model displays expression patterns of Gal-3 and its ligands very similar to those observed in human samples. This animal model should contribute to clarifying the role of Gal-3 in colon carcinogenesis and also to finding effective preventive cancer agents based on Gal-3 targeting.
Self-beating Atypically Shaped Cardiomyocytes Survive a Long-term Postnatal Development While Preserving the Expression of Fetal Cardiac Genes in Mice
Authors: Omatsu-Kanbe Mariko , Yamamoto Takefumi , Mori Yasuhiro , Matsuura Hiroshi
Published: March 2010

The present study was designed to examine the postnatal developmental changes of atypically shaped cardiomyocytes (ACMs) prepared from the heart of newborn [postnatal day 1 (day-1)] through aged (12-month-old) mice. ACMs were identified as a novel type of self-beating cardiomyocyte with a peculiar morphology in mouse cardiac ventricles. The cell length of ACMs significantly increased during the first three postnatal months and further increased over the following 9 months. In contrast, the population of ACMs was significantly decreased within the first 5 weeks and reached a plateau in the adult stage. ACMs obtained from newborn and adult mice exhibited similar spontaneous action potentials. The expression of the fetal cardiac gene products atrial natriuretic peptide and voltage-gated T-type Ca2+ channel Cav3.2 was confirmed by immunostaining in ACMs obtained from both newborn and aged mice. These observations provide evidence that ACMs that exhibit spontaneous beating survive the long-term postnatal development of cardiac ventricles while preserving the expression of fetal cardiac genes. This manuscript contains online supplemental material at http://www.jhc.org . Please visit this article online to view these materials.
Nestin Action During Insulin-secreting Cell Differentiation
Authors: Kim So-Yoon , Lee Song , Hong Seok-Woo , Min Bon-Hong , Lee Ki-Up , Bendayan Moise , Park In-Sun
Published: March 2010

Nestin, which was initially identified as a marker of neural stem cells, has been reported in regenerating pancreas as well as in early embryonic stem (ES) cell derivatives. However, little is known about its specific roles in stem cells as a functional regulator. We investigated the source of the action of nestin in ES and adult pancreatic ductal stem (PDS) cells in regard to the neogenesis of insulin-secreting β-cells. In ES cells, suppression of nestin by gene silencing led to an increased expression of the pluripotency-associated genes, including Oct 4, Nanog, and SSEA-1, before embryoid body (EB) formation, whereas it reduced endodermal and pancreatic transcription factors in EBs. Inhibition of nestin expression in adult PDS cells caused a low expression of pancreatic transcription factors and islet hormones, leading to poor β-cell development and insulin secretion. These data may indicate not only that nestin is a simple stem cell marker, but also that it constitutes a functional factor at the time of stem cell differentiation. We suggest that nestin plays pivotal roles as an intermediate regulator governing both stemness and differentiation of stem cells in the process of their differentiation into insulin-secreting cells.
Die Mordmerkmale »Mordlust« und »zur Befriedigung des Geschlechtstriebs«
Authors: Köhne Michael
Published: March 2010

Im Rahmen der vorsätzlichen Tötungsdelikte grenzen die Mordmerkmale des § 211 Abs. 2 StGB Mord und Totschlag voneinander ab. Die richterliche Annahme oder Ablehnung, dass eines dieser Merkmale erfüllt ist, ist in aller Regel entscheidend für die Frage, ob für eine vorsätzliche Tötung die lebenslange oder eine zeitige Freiheitsstrafe auszusprechen ist. Wegen dieser großen Bedeutung sind die Mordmerkmale eng auszulegen. Nachdem unlängst in einem Beitrag die häufig angewendeten Merkmale »Habgier« und »sonst aus niedrigen Beweggründen« insoweit behandelt worden sind, werden im Folgenden »Mordlust« und »zur Befriedigung des Geschlechtstriebs« näher untersucht.
StR Das Jedermann-Festnahmerecht nach § 127 I 1 StPO als Rechtfertigungsgrund
Authors: Satzger Helmut
Published: March 2010

Der Rechtfertigungsgrund der vorläufigen Festnahme nach § 127 I 1 StPO spielt für das materielle Strafrecht in Studium wie Praxis eine wichtige Rolle. Da er in der StPO geregelt ist, wird er leicht übersehen. Auch die Ausbildungsliteratur zum materiellen Strafrecht behandelt diese »StPO-Vorschrift« manchmal leider etwas zu stiefmütterlich. Dies ganz zu Unrecht, da dieser Rechtfertigungsgrund – neben der Frage, ob eine Festnahme bereits dann erlaubt ist, wenn im Zeitpunkt der Festnahmehandlung ein dringender Tatverdacht vorliegt – auch weitere interessante und klausurrelevante Probleme aufwirft.
ZR Grundlagen des Franchising
Authors: Schreiber Klaus
Published: March 2010

Das aus den USA stammende Vertriebskonzept »Franchising« erfreut sich auch in Deutschland großer Beliebtheit. Es ist im Bereich der Systemgastronomie (McDonald's, Burger King, Subway), im Hotelgewerbe (Hilton, Intercontinental, Holiday Inn), bei Bäckereien (Kamps), im Baumarktsegment (Obi, Bauhaus, Praktiker), bei der Autovermietung (Sixt, InterRent), bei Optikern (Apollo), im Immobilienbereich (Engel und Völkers) und in vielen weiteren Marktsegmenten zu finden. Der folgende Beitrag zeigt auf, unter welchen Voraussetzungen ein Franchisevertrag vorliegt, und untersucht die rechtlichen Beziehungen der an einem Franchisevertrag beteiligten Personen.
IPR und Rechtsvergleichung Prozessvergleich und Internationale Zuständigkeit
Authors: Renna Patrizia
Published: March 2010

Die nur bruchstückhafte Regelung des Prozessvergleichs in der deutschen ZPO sowie in der Brüssel I-VO bringt zahlreiche Probleme mit sich. Die folgenden Ausführungen befassen sich insbesondere mit der Frage nach dem Erfordernis der internationalen Zuständigkeit bei Abschluss eines Prozessvergleichs und den in diesem Zusammenhang auftretenden Problemen im Anerkennungs- und Vollstreckungsverfahren.
Übungsklausur (Fortgeschrittene) ZR Die ungesicherte Bauruine
Authors: Rehm Gebhard M. , Aden Gesine
Published: March 2010

Im Mittelpunkt des Falles steht der gestörte Gesamtschuldnerausgleich infolge der familienrechtlichen Haftungsprivilegierung. Neben diesem Standardproblem des allgemeinen Schuldrechts werden verschiedene kleinere Probleme des Schadensrechts behandelt. Die Konstellation einer Verletzung durch Unterlassen erforderte von den Bearbeitern eine sorgfältige Prüfung der deliktischen Anspruchsgrundlagen und eine fallorientierte Diskussion der Verkehrssicherungspflichten. Mit der Haftung des Gebäudebesitzers gem. § 836 BGB wurde ein weniger bekanntes Problem aufgeworfen. Hier wurden jedoch keinerlei Detailkenntnisse, sondern lediglich eine saubere Subsumtion unter den Gesetzestext erwartet.
Einführung in das Insolvenzrecht
Authors: Matthies Stefan
Published: March 2010

Grundkenntnisse im Insolvenzrecht sind in der juristischen Praxis von großer Bedeutung. Dies verdeutlichen allein die jährlich steigenden Zahlen an Unternehmens- und Verbraucherinsolvenzen. In der universitären Grundausbildung spielt das Insolvenzrecht demgegenüber keine große Rolle. An allen Universitäten wird es jedoch im Rahmen des Schwerpunktbereichsstudiums gelehrt. Der Beitrag richtet sich daher an Studierende und Rechtsreferendare und stellt das Insolvenzrecht in seinen wesentlichen Grundzügen dar, um Hilfe beim Einstieg in dieses (sehr interessante) Rechtsgebiet zu geben.
Die Rechtsfolgenlösung des BGH als Weg zur schuldangemessenen Strafe beim Mord
Authors: Reichenbach Peter
Published: March 2010

Zu den spektakulärsten und am meisten umstrittenen Entscheidungen des Bundesgerichtshofs in Strafsachen zählt nach wie vor der Beschluss des Großen Senats vom 19. Mai 1981, demzufolge in besonders gelagerten Ausnahmefällen jedenfalls des Heimtückemordes die grds. absolute Strafdrohung des § 211 Abs. 1 StGB durch den nach § 49 Abs. 1 Nr. 1 StGB gemilderte Strafrahmen zu ersetzen ist. Im Schrifttum hat diese sog. Rechtsfolgenlösung zunächst breite Ablehnung erfahren, während die Strafrechtspraxis ihr ohne weiteres gefolgt ist. Nachdem nunmehr über 25 Jahre vergangen sind und die schon zu Beginn der 1980er Jahre als überfällig angesehene Reform der Tötungsdelikte trotz zahlreicher tief greifender Änderungen des StGB im Übrigen noch immer auf sich warten lässt, stellt sich die Frage, ob die scharfe Kritik, die dem BGH damals entgegenschlug, tatsächlich berechtigt war.

Insbesondere in Anbetracht des Umstandes, dass § 211 StGB zum Kern des Prüfungsstoffes in beiden Examina gehört, will der Beitrag zunächst einen Überblick über die Vorgeschichte und Hintergründe jener Entscheidung vermitteln, bevor ihre Kerngedanken sowie die dagegen erhobene Kritik referiert werden. Sodann sollen diese Einwände auch und gerade in Anbetracht der weiteren Rechtsentwicklung bis in die Gegenwart auf ihre Tragfähigkeit hin überprüft werden.
Die aktuelle Entscheidung »Neues« Grundrecht, neue Fragen? Zum Urteil des BVerfG zur Online-Durchsuchung
Authors: Hömig Dieter
Published: March 2010

Der Beitrag würdigt das Urteil des BVerfG zur Zulässigkeit und zu den verfassungsrechtlichen Grenzen der so genannten Online-Durchsuchung. In Auseinandersetzung mit den wichtigsten der bis Mitte September 2008 erschienenen Äußerungen des Schrifttums zu diesem Urteil wird dargestellt, dass sich die Entscheidung in der Kontinuität der bisherigen Rechtsprechung des Gerichts befindet und mit dem Grundrecht auf Gewährleistung der Vertraulichkeit und Integrität informationstechnischer Systeme zwar kein neues Grundrecht geschaffen, gleichwohl aber mit einer neuen Ausformung des allgemeinen Persönlichkeitsrechts einen weiteren wichtigen Pfeiler zum Schutz der Persönlichkeitsentfaltung der Bürger gesetzt hat.
Examensklausur StR Sommerurlaub in den Alpen
Authors: Fahl Christian
Published: March 2010

Der erste Teil des Sachverhalts ist einer Entscheidung des OLG Köln, NJW2002, 1059, nachempfunden, der letze Sachverhaltsteil ist an den »Daschner-Fall« angelehnt, der inzwischen sogar Themavon Fernsehkrimis gewesen ist, so dass erwartet werden konnte, dass sich die Kandidaten damit schon beschäftigt hatten. Auch dort war das Problem nämlich in einen Erlaubnistatbestandsirrtum eingebettet. Wer sich damit freilich noch nie zuvor auseinander gesetzt hat, dürfte es ziemlich schwer haben, sich durch den Erlaubnistatbestandsirrtum hindurch zu den Problemen vorzuarbeiten. Außerdem galt es, den Fall des »folternden« Polizeibeamten auf die »folternde« Privatperson zu übertragen. Die folgendenAusführungen sind die geringfügig überarbeitete Fassung der Original-Lösungshinweise, die den Prüfern zur Orientierung zur Verfügung gestellt werden, es handelt sich also nicht um eine »Musterlösung«.
Der Haftungsumfang bei ärztlichem Fehlverhalten und Rechtsdurchsetzungsfragen im Arzthaftungsrecht
Authors: Tamm Marina
Published: March 2010

Die geltende Rechtsordnung hält für die zivilrechtliche Einstandspflicht des Arztes gegenüber dem Patienten auch nach der Schuldrechtsmodernisierung noch keine spezialgesetzliche Regelung bereit. Die Haftung des Arztes (bzw. Krankenhausträgers) für etwaiges Fehlverhalten leitet sich nach wie vor aus dem Tatbestand der schuldhaften Pflichtverletzung eines (Dienst-)Vertrages und/oder aus einer deliktischen Körper- bzw. Gesundheitsverletzung ab. Beide Haftungsregime, das vertragliche (§ 280 I BGB) wie das deliktische (§ 823 I BGB), sind neben- und unabhängig voneinander anwendbar. In vielen Bereichen, etwa im Hinblick auf die zu beachtenden objektiven und subjektiven Sorgfaltspflichten sowie die Ersetzbarkeit von Schäden, sind die aus den jeweiligen Haftungsregelungen herrührenden Anforderungen an die Einstandspflicht des Behandelnden gleich. Unterschiede hinsichtlich des Haftungsgrundes ergeben sich infolge der von der Rechtsprechung und Teilen der Literatur für das Arzthaftungsrecht propagierten »Ausschaltung der Umkehr der Beweislast« nach § 280 I 2 BGB häufig nur noch bei der Zurechnung des Verhaltens Dritter (vgl. dazu §§ 278, 831 BGB).
Using Directional Flame Thermometers for Measuring Thermal Exposure
Authors: Keltner Ned R. , Beck James V. , Nakos James T.
Published: March 2010

One of the recommendations that came from the NIST investigation of the World Trade Center disaster was the need for quantitative heat flux measurements in larger scale fire safety tests. These heat flux data are needed to support the development of engineering models to predict the performance of fire protection materials and systems. Current standardized fire resistance tests such as ASTM E119 or ISO 834 or IMO A754 are all qualitative tests. The furnace temperature is controlled to a standard time-temperature curve. Implicit assumptions are made that (1) the thermal exposure can be described solely by the measured furnace temperature history and (2) that exposure will be repeatable. Historical variations of 50 % or more in the qualitative fire protection ratings, such as a 1 h fire barrier, between different furnaces or laboratories indicate that these two assumptions are not well founded. This paper describes the use of a proven type of sensor called a directional flame thermometer (DFT) for making quantitative heat flux measurements in fire resistance tests. DFTs have been used for over 20 years to characterize the thermal environment in both large pool fires and in furnaces, to monitor flashover in structure fires, and in many other fire environments. DFTs are passive thermocouple-based sensors. They do not require calibration. Instead, the designs and materials with known thermal properties are fixed to provide a repeatable response. Using inverse heat conduction analysis techniques, heat fluxes are calculated using a heat conduction model of the DFT with temperature-dependent thermal properties and two or more thermocouple temperature measurements in a DFT. A fully nonlinear inverse heat conduction code is used for detailed post-test data analysis. A new data analysis tool for DFTs, called an inverse heat conduction-digital filter functions (IHC-DFF) has been developed for specific DFT designs to provide heat flux measurements in real-time, much like a calibration curve. IHC-DFFs are convolution-type digital filters that are used to provide real-time heat flux readouts during a test or for a quick-look capability for large sets of data. Simpler models are also used for analyzing early (<5–10 min) and late-time DFT data (>15 min). The current work demonstrates that DFT measurements can provide the quantitative data needed to support the development of performance models and improve our understanding of the thermal exposure in fire resistance tests.
Synthesis of Biodiesel from Tobacco and Waste Frying Oil Using Heterogeneous KHCO3/Al2O3 Catalyst
Authors: Anastopoulos G. , Deligiannis A. , Kalligeros S. , Karonis D. , Zannikos F. , Lois E.
Published: March 2010

The transesterification of tobacco seed oil and used frying oil to methyl esters (biodiesel) was studied using potassium bicarbonate loaded on alumina as heterogeneous catalyst. Reaction parameters such as catalyst concentration, methanol to oil ratio, reaction time, and agitation speed on the conversion of tobacco seed and used frying oil were investigated. The catalyst loaded KHCO3 of 30 % m/m on Al2O3, after being calcined at 700°C for 6 h, was found to be the optimum catalyst. The quality of the methyl esters was tested according to the European standard EN 14214. The two types of biodiesel produced seemed to meet all the parameters of the European standard except the oxidation stability. In the case of used frying oil biodiesel, not only the oxidation stability was not met, but this biodiesel did not also meet the acid value and water content specifications.
Standard Reference Data for the Thermophysical Properties of Biofuels
Authors: McLinden M. O. , Bruno T. J. , Frenkel M. , Huber M. L.
Published: March 2010

The thermophysical properties of biofuels are required for the efficient design of their chemical processing, distribution, and utilization. We provide a review of biofuel properties research at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). We are expanding two Standard Reference Databases to include biofuels. The ThermoData Engine will collect and evaluate all published property data on biofuel components. The NIST Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties database is a calculational database providing properties of biofuel components and blends based on thermodynamic and transport models. The property models in the databases implement an equation of state approach based on well defined reference fluids. Complex mixtures, including blends of biofuels with conventional fuels, are modeled as “surrogate blends,” i.e., a blend of perhaps a dozen components that captures the essential characteristics of a complex fuel. Surrogate blends are formulated from a “suite” of well-characterized pure compounds. Property measurements for the pure compounds in the surrogate suite include but are not limited to density, speed of sound, and viscosity. We have also carried out measurements on actual biofuel samples. A recent extension of the distillation curve that we have developed at NIST is proving very valuable in characterizing fuels. This “advanced distillation curve method” provides much more quantitative information than the traditional method, including chemical characterization of the different “cuts” as the distillation proceeds. We present examples of our measurements and models completed to date and outline future plans.
The Scarcity Fallacy
Authors: Scanlan Stephen J. , Jenkins J. Craig , Peterson Lindsey
Published: March 2010

For the first time in human history, the world is home to more than one billion hungry people. New data from the United Nations suggest that a higher proportion of the Earth's people are hungry now than just a decade ago, the reverse of a long and otherwise positive trend.
Consuming Oppression
Authors: Sharp Gwen , Wade Lisa
Published: March 2010

In the U.S. today, women's bodies, more often than men's, are used as symbols of sex. Women's bodies are used to sexualize a space (for instance, go-go dancers at a night club), make a product seem sexy (e.g., in many ad campaigns for hard liquor), or simply incite sexual desire (as in pornography). It should be no surprise, then, that sex is used to sell food and that, when it is, it typically involves both sexualizing and gendering the food product. We see this in at least three ways.
Rethinking German Genocide
Authors: McVeigh Rory
Published: March 2010

Life and Death in the Third Reich By Peter Fritzsche Harvard University Press, 2008 384 pages

Haunted City: Nuremberg and the Nazi Past By Neil Gregor Yale University Press, 2008 336 pages
Essays from Inside
Authors: Anderson James , Hall Benjamin , Spencer David , Sanders Doug
Published: March 2010

This issue, Contexts is changing the format of our usual student essay. We received four extremely thoughtful–and handwritten!–essays from “Inside” students in response to our student piece in the last issue, and so we're sharing their insights to give another perspective on this ground-breaking program.
Redefining Retirement
Authors: Moen Phyllis
Published: March 2010

If married women's movement into the workforce was the labor market story of the 20th century, the aging workforce and growing retired force will be the story of the early 21st. But everything we think we know about retirement is wrong. Indeed, one thing I

know is that retirement as we know it is unraveling.
Estimating vertical and lateral pressures in periodically structured montmorillonite clay particles
Authors: Narsilio Guillermo A. , Smith David W. , Pivonka Peter
Published: March 2010

Given a montmorillonitic clay soil at high porosity and saturated by monovalent counterions, we investigate the particle level responses of the clay to different external loadings. As analytical solutions are not possible for complex arrangements of particles, we employ computational micromechanical models (based on the solution of the Poisson-Nernst-Planck equations) using the finite element method, to estimate counterion and electrical potential distributions for particles at various angles and distances from one another. We then calculate the disjoining pressures using the Van't Hoff relation and Maxwell stress tensor. As the distance between the clay particles decreases and double-layers overlap, the concentration of counterions in the micropores among clay particles increases. This increase lowers the chemical potential of the pore fluid and creates a chemical potential gradient in the solvent that generates the socalled 'disjoining' or 'osmotic' pressure. Because of this disjoining pressure, particles do not need to contact one another in order to carry an 'effective stress'. This work may lead towards theoretical predictions of the macroscopic load deformation response of montmorillonitic soils based on micromechanical modelling of particles.
Towards the design of new and improved drilling fluid additives using molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Anderson Richard L. , Greenwel H. Christopher , Suter James L. , Jarvis Rebecca M. , Coveney Peter V.
Published: March 2010

During exploration for oil and gas, a technical drilling fluid is used to lubricate the drill bit, maintain hydrostatic pressure, transmit sensor readings, remove rock cuttings and inhibit swelling of unstable clay based reactive shale formations. Increasing environmental awareness and resulting legislation has led to the search for new, improved biodegradable drilling fluid components. In the case of additives for clay swelling inhibition, an understanding of how existing effective additives interact with clays must be gained to allow the design of improved molecules. Owing to the disordered nature and nanoscopic dimension of the interlayer pores of clay minerals, computer simulations have become an increasingly useful tool for studying clay-swelling inhibitor interactions. In this work we briefly review the history of the development of technical drilling fluids, the environmental impact of drilling fluids and the use of computer simulations to study the interactions between clay minerals and swelling inhibitors. We report on results from some recent large-scale molecular dynamics simulation studies on low molecular weight water-soluble macromolecular inhibitor molecules. The structure and interactions of poly(propylene oxide)-diamine, poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ethylene oxide)-diacrylate inhibitor molecules with montmorillonite clay are studied.
Multiphysical modelling of fluid transport through osteo-articular media
Authors: Lemaire Thibault , Naili Salah , Sansalone Vittorio
Published: March 2010

In this study, a multiphysical description of fluid transport through osteo-articular porous media is presented. Adapted from the model of Moyne and Murad, which is intended to describe clayey materials behaviour, this multiscale modelling allows for the derivation of the macroscopic response of the tissue from microscopical information. First the model is described. At the pore scale, electrohydrodynamics equations governing the electrolyte movement are coupled with local electrostatics (Gauss-Poisson equation), and ionic transport equations. Using a change of variables and an asymptotic expansion method, the macroscopic description is carried out. Results of this model are used to show the importance of couplings effects on the mechanotransduction of compact bone remodelling.
Electro-osmosis in kaolinite with pH-dependent surface charge modelling by homogenization
Authors: Lima Sidarta A. , Murad Marcio A. , Moyne Christian , Stemmelen Didier
Published: March 2010

A new three-scale model to describe the coupling between pH-dependent flows and transient ion transport, including adsorption phenomena in kaolinite clays, is proposed. The kaolinite is characterized by three separate nano/micro and macroscopic length scales. The pore (micro)-scale is characterized by micro-pores saturated by an aqueous solution containing four monovalent ions and charged solid particles surrounded by thin electrical double layers. The movement of the ions is governed by the Nernst-Planck equations, and the influence of the double layers upon the flow is dictated by the Helmholtz-Smoluchowski slip boundary condition on the tangential velocity. In addition, an adsorption interface condition for the Na+ transportis postulated to capture its retention in the electrical double layer. Thetwo-scalenano/micro model including salt adsorption and slip boundary condition is homogenized to the Darcy scale and leads to the derivation of macroscopic governing equations. One of the notable features of the three-scale model is there construction of the constitutive law of effective partition coefficient that governs the sodium adsorption in the double layer. To illustrate the feasibility of the three-scale model in simulating soil decontamination by electrokinetics, the macroscopic model is discretized by the finite volume method and the desalination of a kaolinite sample by electrokinetics is simulated.
Polinização cruzada natural no feijoeiro
Authors: Pompeu Antonio Sidney
Published: March 2010

A fim de determinar a taxa de fecundação cruzada natural nas épocas em que o feijoeiro é cultivado em São Paulo, instalaram-se dois ensaios na Estação Experimental "Dr. Theodureto de Camargo", em Campinas. Usou-se o cultivar 'Chumbinho opaco', portador do fator genético recessivo que condiciona a côr branca das flôres, o qual foi plantado junto ao cultivar 'Mulatinho 1-208', portador do alelo dominante, para a côr violeta. Os dados obtidos permitiram concluir que a taxa de cruzamentos naturais foi da ordem de 1,26% na cultura "da sêca" e de 1,33% na "das águas". Essa taxa de cruzamentos naturais, embora de pequena grandeza, indica que nos campos de multiplicação de sementes, as linhagens devem ficar isoladas, a fim de se conservarem uniformes. Mostra, também, que pelo menos alguns dos atuais cultivares podem ter se originado como produto de recombinações, a partir de cruzamentos naturais.
Comprimento e diâmetro dos caules de rami e as características da fibra
Authors: Ciaramello Dirceu , Medina Júlio César , Salgado Antonio Luiz de Barros
Published: March 2010

São apresentados e discutidos os resultados de um estudo sôbre o comprimento e o diâmetro do caule de rami em relação ao rendimento, à fineza e à resistência das fibras à tração. Os resultados mostram que os caules de menor diâmetro dão maior rendimento do fibras, as quais ae apresentam mais finas. A resistência das fibras à tração não foi influenciada pelas dimensões dos caules, o mesmo sucedendo ao rendimento, à fineza e à resistência da fibra à tração em relação ao comprimento dos caules.
Melhoramento do cafeeiro: XXVI - Produtividade de linhagens S0 a S4 de 'bourbon vermelho' e respectivos híbridos
Authors: Mônaco L. C. , Carvalho A.
Published: March 2010

Avaliaram-se a altura, o vigor e a produtividade de uma série de progênie So, S1, S2, S3 e S4, de dois cafeeiros de cultivar 'Bourbon, Vermelho' e de híbridos F1 entre as plantas das gerações So, S2 e S4 A análise efetuada, referente à altura, deis plantas, revelou diferenças significativas entre tratamentos, possuíndo algumas progênies derivadas do cafeeiro n.° 2 maior altura média. Não se observou efeito depressivo da autofecundação na altura das progênies derivadas do cafeeiro n.° 1 e, nas do cafeeiro n.° 2, o efeito depressivo não se mostrou uniforme. Dos três híbridos analisados, dois dêles apresentaram altura intermediária entre a dos dois e, no terceiro, altura pouco menor. As variâncias não mostraram tendências de aumento ou diminuição com as autofeeundações sucessivas e, dois dos híbridos, deram variâncias menores e um dêles variância maior, do que a dos pais. Quanto ao vigor das plantas, avaliado por pontos dados subjetivamente, notou-se uma redução no vigor na geração S1 em relação a S0, permanecendo as plantas das demais gerações com vigor semelhante ao do S1 ou S2. Apenas um dos três híbridos mostrou vigor maior do que o dos pais. No que concerne à produção, verificou-se uma diminuição a partir da S1 a S4 nos descendentes do cafeeiro n.° 1, tendo a S4 produção superior a S0, porém não significativa; entre os descendentes do n.° 2, observou-se produção significativamente menor apenas na progênie Em um dos híbridos a produção foi superior à dos pais e nos outros dois, intermediaria. As variâncias correspondentes se mostraram inferiores em dois híbridos em relação à dos pais e, maior, no terceiro híbrido. Analisaram-se as variâncias das produções bienais, tendo-se notado efeito significativo de biênio sôbre a produção.
Efeito da adubação mineral, orgânica e calagem, na produção da bananeira em várzea litorânea de Caraguatatuba - Estado de São Paulo
Authors: Cunha João Fereira da , Fraga Júnior Constantino
Published: March 2010

São apresentados os resultados da adubação de bananeira com adubos químicos, orgânicos, sob a forma de tortas oleaginosas, e calagem, efetuada com carbonato de cálcio, em dois solos comumente usados para plantio de bananais no município do Caraguatatuba, litoral de São Paulo. Os delineamentos usados foram os de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições e oito tratamentos para os experimentos de adubos químicos e orgânicos, o quatro tratamentos, com o mesmo número de repetições, para os de calagem. Na adubação química, os elementos N, P e K foram estudados em três níveis, com várias combinações. Os ensaios com adubos químicos mostraram que apenas a adubação potássica teve influência acentuada sôbre a produção. A adubação azotada revelou pequeno efeito o fósforo não modificou a produção da bananeira nos solos estudados. As tortas oleaginosas proporcionaram grandes aumentos de produção, sobretudo, a de mamona, que trouxe produções cêrca de duas vêzes superior à de algodão. As aplicações de calcário, como corretivo, não produziram resultados significativos sôbre a produção da bananeira nos solos estudados, cujo pH variava entre 5,17 a 5,95.
Séries monotípicas da bacia de Taubaté. 3 - Haras e Tumirim
Authors: Verdade Francisco da Costa , Hungria Luiz Soares
Published: March 2010

A série Haras repreaenta um solo da subordem hidromórfica, Grande Grupo Bog, ou, pela modificação recente, da ordem Histosol. Caracteriza-se pelo acúmulo, no mínimo até 1 metro de profundidade, de restos orgânicos do tipo "muck". É encontrada nas pequenas bacias da formação terciária como em grandes extensões, nas várzeas do Rio Paraíba. O perfil do solo é simples, diferenciando um horizonte superficial formado pelos agentes pedogenéticos e sucessões de camadas representadas pelo tipo de oxidação e estratificação dos materiais. O solo é normalmente representado por uma suspensão sólida, onde os fenômenos de abatimento são intensificados pelo uso. As análises de raios-X indicaram a presença de caulinita, algum quartzo de dimensões coloidais e, numa camada, gibsita juntamente com um mineral de estrutura da mica. A série Tumirim representa um solo considerado como intermediário entre um Grande Grupo da subordem Latossolo, não definido e o Vermelbo-amarelo podzólico. É derivado de sedimentos cenozóicos, argilitos variegados e de ocorrência limitada. O perfil apresenta-se bastante argiloso, pouco profundo, com os horizontes A, B, C e D. A análise química total e dos trocáveis revela que o solo 6 deficiente em magnésio, diferentes de outros solos já estudados nesta formação geológica. As relações moleculares do total indicam constância da Al2O3/Fe2O3 e diminuição da SiO2/Al2O3 em profundidade. A última relação, na fração argila, está na ordem de 2,1 e é constante no perfil, o que se explica pela presença de quartzo em tamanhos inferiores a 0,002 mm de diâmetro. O raio-X revelou a presença de caulinita e um mineral da estrutura da mica no horizonte B, provàvelmente ilita.
Sistema de aplicação de torta de mamona e fertilizantes minerais na adubação da cebola
Authors: Campos Humberto Ribeiro de , Prado Olympio de Toledo , Venturini W. R.
Published: March 2010

Ensaios de campo foram conduzidos em solos sílíco-argilosos da formação Glacial, para estudar o efeito do modo de aplicação da farinha de torta de mamona, como adubo, sôbre a produção de bulbos de cebola (Allium cepa L.). Compararam-se três modos de aplicação: a) diretamente no sulco de plantio; b) em sulcos laterais distanciados 15 cm dos suleos de plantio; c) a lanço. A aplicação do adubo diretamente nos sulcos de plantio superou as demais em produção. Tem ainda a vantagem de ser mais prática e de mais fácil execução que a aplicação em sulcos laterais. O sistema de aplicação dos adubos a lanço, apesar da facilidade de execução, mostrou ser o de menor eficiência.
Melhoramento da mamoneira transferência do caráter indeiscência para o cultivar 'IAC-38' de mamoneira
Authors: Banzatto N. V. , Rocha J. L. V. , Canecchio Filho V.
Published: March 2010

No Estado de São Paulo cultiva-se quase que exclusivamente o cultivar de mamoeira 'IAC-38', que possui porte pequeno, grande vigor, chegando a dar 2000 kg de sementes por hectare e 41% de óleo. Tem, porém, o inconveniente de apresentar frutos deiscentes, resultando na necessidade de várias colheitas por ano, o que encarece o produto. Em 1957 realizaram-se hibridações visando transferir o caráter indeiscência do cultivar 'Cimarron' para o 'IAC-38'. Das numerosas progênies estudadas até F5, duas se destacaram e deram origem a promissoras linhagens de frutos indeiscentes. Após a análise destas duas seleções em ensaios comparativos de produção, aproveitou-se a melhor delas para multiplicação. Essa linhagem constituiu o cultivar 'Campinas'. Além de ter produção comparável à do 'IAC-38' e de apresentar frutos in-deiscentes, tem ainda a vantagem do porte médio e de possuir o teor de 46% de óleo nas sementes.
Produtividade de linhagens de feijoeiro em Campinas
Authors: Pompeu Antonio Sidney
Published: March 2010

Numerosas introduções de feijoeiro (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) já foram estudadas pela Seção de Genética do Instituto Agronômico de Campinas nestes últimos anos, procedentes das regiões fornecedoras de feijão ao Estado de São Paulo, de outros países produtores e dos centros de sua origem e de sua dispersão. Aquelas que se mostraram de potencialidade econômica foram avaliadas em ensaios comparativos de produção, os quais ascenderam a 28, no período 1958 a 1961, todos localizados em Campinas. Dêsses ensaios, 15 foram plantados no "período da sêca" e 13 no "período das águas", a fim de se terem informações sôbre a reação de mais de 160 linhagens nas condições prevalecentes nos dois períodos do ano. Em todos êles usou-se como testemunha a linhagem Mulatinho 1-208, produtiva e selecionada há alguns anos pela Seção de Genética. No período da sêca, 68 seleções chegaram a produzir, em pelo menos um ano, 25% mais do que a testemunha. Do material estudado em três anos consecutivos, apenas duas novas seleções, Rosinha 1454.9 e Prêto 147, deram, respectivamente, 36% e 32% mais do que a Mulatinho 1-208. Considerando as seleções avaliadas por dois anos nesse período, 11 chegaram a dar 25% mais do que a testemunha, sendo 9 do cultivar 'Rosinha' e duas do 'chumbinho'. No período das águas, das introduções examinadas em três anos consecutivos (1958/59 a 1960/61), 4 linhagens mostraram-se bem mais produtivas do que a testemunha, a saber: Rosinha 1454-10, Rosinha 1558, Rosinha 1277 e Prêto 147. Das seleções avaliadas por dois anos, 14 deram 25% mais do que a testemunha, c, destas, 11 eram do cultivar 'Rosinha' e 3 do 'Mulatinho'. Nesses 28 ensaios, as seleções do cultivar 'Roxinho', embora com boas qualidades culinárias, mostraram-se bem menos produtivas, não sendo recomendadas para plantio extensivo. As seleções do cultivar 'Rosinha' com maior capacidade de produção nas duas épocas do ano, Rosinha 1454-1, Rosinha 1454-4, Rosinha 1454-10, I-43-C-7, Rosinha 52, Rosinha 1459 e a seleção Prêto 147, vêm sendo avaliadas mais extensivamente em novos ensaios comparativos regionais, antes de serem preconizadas para plantio em larga escala.
Variabilidade em algumas das características da bebida do café
Authors: Toledo Odette Z. de , Garruti Ruth S. , Carvalho A. , Venturini W. R. , Jorge Joassy P. N.
Published: March 2010

Várias linhagens de café pertencentes aos cultivares 'Mundo Nôvo', 'Bourbon Amarelo' e 'Bourbon Vermelho', vêm sendo estudadas em ensaios comparativos de produção, nos quais há repetições a pleno sol e outras em lote sombreado com ingàzeiros. Além da produtividade, investigam-se vários outros fatôres, dentre os quais aquêles que podem afetar a bebida, Analisaram-se, neste trabalho, os dados obtidos no ensaio de Campinas e referentes à acidez total, quantidade de sólidos solúveis e qualidade da bebida. A acidez total para o 'Bourbon Amarelo' foi de 1,3, média das repetições ao sol e à sombra e, para 'Mundo Nôvo', de 1,2 para os dois lotes. Quanto à porcentagem de sólidos solúveis, verificou-se que as linhagens de 'Bourbon Amarelo' têm, em média, mais sólidos solúveis, 29,19% para as repetições ao sol e 29,49% para as da sombra, do que as do 'Mundo Nôvo' com 28,90 e 28,58%, respectivamente. As porcentagens encontradas no 'Bourbon Vermelho' aproximam-se das linhagens de 'Bourbon Amarelo'. Em relação à qualidade da bebida, as amostras examinadas não diferiram do padrão de bebida mole, com exceção das linhagens do cultivar 'Mundo Nôvo' LCP 391, ao sol, e LCP 379-19, à sombra, que se mostraram superiores à amostra dêsse padrão. As linhagens de 'Mundo Nôvo' revelaram-se melhores do que as de 'Bourbon Vermelho' neste particular. A acidez total e a porcentagem de sólidos solúveis da bebida das linhagens de 'Bourbon Vermelho' não diferiram em relação às de 'Bourbon Amarelo' e 'Mundo Nôvo'. A análise revelou ainda que o sombreamento com o ingàzeiro não exerceu nenhuma influência nesses componentes e nem na qualidade da bebida, em relação às linhagens cultivadas a pleno sol.
A seringueira (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.-arg.) na região de campinas, sua adaptação e produtividade
Authors: Cunha João Ferreira da
Published: March 2010

Realizou-se um estudo sôbre o desenvolvimento de seringueiras (Hevea brasiliensis Muell.-Arg.) e sua produção de borracha em Campinas, Estado de São Paulo, objetivando conhecer as possibilidades do cultivo e exploração dessa planta no planalto paulista. O local da experiência situa-se à latitude 22°53'5, longitude de 47°05'W, e altitude de 663 m, com pluviosidade média anual de 1.400 milímetros. São apresentados os dados de produção de seringueiras de pé franco e do cruzamento Tj-1 X Tj-16, colhidos durante 7 anos consecutivos de sangria, os quais indicam ser a região ecològicamente favorável, permitindo prever a possibilidade de exploração dessa cultura, a qual poderá contribuir para o aumento da produção de borracha natural no Brasil.
Sistema radicular do feijoeiro em dois tipos de solo do estado de São Paulo
Authors: Inforzato Romeu , Miyasaka Shiro
Published: March 2010

São relatados os estudos sôbre o sistema radicular do feijoeiro em solos do tipo massapê e do tipo arenito de Bauru, no Estado de São Paulo. Os resultados mostraram que a maior porcentagem de raízes (74,5% em massapê e 87,4% em arenito de Bauru) está contida nos primeiros 0,10 m de profundidade, e quase a totalidade, nos primeiros 0.20 m de profundidade (respectivamente 83,6% e 97,4%).
Modo e época de aplicação de nitrogênio na cultura da batatinha. - Parte II
Authors: Nóbrega Sylvio de Azevedo , Boock O. J. , Freire E. S.
Published: March 2010

Em duas experiências de adubação da batatinha (Solanum tuberosum L.), uma em vasos e outra no campo, comparou-se, na presença de PK, o emprêgo da dose total de nitrogênio na ocasião do plantio, conforme o método tradicionalmente usado no Estado de São Paulo, com aplicações em cobertura ou parceladas. Os resultados confirmaram os de experiências anteriores e indicaram que os adubos nitrogenados devem ser empregados cedo, mas de maneira que as plantas não sejam prejudicadas, na sua fase inicial, pelo excesso de concentração local. A aplicação de parte da dose em cobertura contribui para diminuir essa concentração, mas deve ser efetuada de modo que não falte nitrogênio durante o período de vegetação ativa.
Diagnose da nutrição nitrogenada do milho, pela análise química das fôlhas
Authors: Gallo J. Romano , Coelho Fernando A. Soares
Published: March 2010

Estuda-se a sensibilidade das partes da fôlha (base, meio e ponta) e do tecido (porção clorofilada da lâmina e nervura), para análise das formas de nitrogênio solúvel em água (nitrato) e nitrogênio-total, como índices de nutrição de milho. As amostras de fôlhas provieram de ensaio de adubação NPK onde era visível a reação das plantas à adubação nitrogenada. A análise foliar efetuada cêrca de 9 semanas depois do plantio, fornece indicação do estado nutricional da planta, a tempo de possibilitar a correção da deficiência. Os resultados obtidos mostraram ser a base da fôlha a parte mais adequada para o estudo da nutrição nitrogenada de milho. Aí é maior a sensibilidade dos tecidos às formas de nitrogênio-total e nitrato.