bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Translational initiation factor eIF5 replaces eIF1 on the 40S ribosomal subunit to promote start-codon recognition
Authors: Llácer Jose Luis , Hussain Tanweer , Saini Adesh K , Nanda Jagpreet Singh , Kaur Sukhvir , Gordiyenko Yuliya , Kumar Rakesh , Hinnebusch Alan G , Lorsch Jon R , Ramakrishnan V
Published: November 2018

In eukaryotic translation initiation, AUG recognition of the mRNA requires accommodation of Met-tRNAi in a ‘PIN’ state, which is antagonized by the factor eIF1. eIF5 is a GTPase activating protein (GAP) of eIF2 that additionally promotes stringent AUG selection, but the molecular basis of its dual function was unknown. We present a cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) reconstruction of a yeast 48S pre-initiation complex (PIC), at an overall resolution of 3.0 Å, featuring the N-terminal domain (NTD) of eIF5 bound to the 40S subunit at the location vacated by eIF1. eIF5 interacts with and allows a more accommodated orientation of Met-tRNAi. Substitutions of eIF5 residues involved in the eIF5-NTD/tRNAi interaction influenced initiation at near-cognate UUG codonsin vivo, and the closed/open PIC conformation in vitro, consistent with direct stabilization of the codon:anticodon duplex by the wild-type eIF5-NTD. The present structure reveals the basis for a key role of eIF5 in start-codon selection.
ppargc1a controls nephron segmentation during zebrafish embryonic kidney ontogeny
Authors: Chambers Joseph M , Poureetezadi Shahram Jevin , Addiego Amanda , Lahne Manuela , Wingert Rebecca A
Published: November 2018

Nephron segmentation involves a concert of genetic and molecular signals that are not fully understood. Through a chemical screen, we discovered that alteration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling disrupts nephron segmentation in the zebrafish embryonic kidney (Poureetezadi et al., 2016). Here, we show that the PPAR co-activator ppargc1a directs renal progenitor fate. ppargc1a mutants form a small distal late (DL) segment and an expanded proximal straight tubule (PST) segment. ppargc1a promotes DL fate by regulating the transcription factor tbx2b, and restricts expression of the transcription factor sim1a to inhibit PST fate. Interestingly, sim1a restricts ppargc1a expression to promote the PST, and PST development is fully restored in ppargc1a/sim1a-deficient embryos, suggesting Ppargc1a and Sim1a counterbalance each other in an antagonistic fashion to delineate the PST segment boundary during nephrogenesis. Taken together, our data reveal new roles for Ppargc1a during development, which have implications for understanding renal birth defects.
Splicing factors Sf3A2 and Prp31 have direct roles in mitotic chromosome segregation
Authors: Pellacani Claudia , Bucciarelli Elisabetta , Renda Fioranna , Hayward Daniel , Palena Antonella , Chen Jack , Bonaccorsi Silvia , Wakefield James G , Gatti Maurizio , Somma Maria Patrizia
Published: November 2018

Several studies have shown that RNAi-mediated depletion of splicing factors (SFs) results in mitotic abnormalities. However, it is currently unclear whether these abnormalities reflect defective splicing of specific pre-mRNAs or a direct role of the SFs in mitosis. Here, we show that two highly conserved SFs, Sf3A2 and Prp31, are required for chromosome segregation in both Drosophila and human cells. Injections of anti-Sf3A2 and anti-Prp31 antibodies into Drosophila embryos disrupt mitotic division within 1 min, arguing strongly against a splicing-related mitotic function of these factors. We demonstrate that both SFs bind spindle microtubules (MTs) and the Ndc80 complex, which in Sf3A2- and Prp31-depleted cells is not tightly associated with the kinetochores; in HeLa cells the Ndc80/HEC1-SF interaction is restricted to the M phase. These results indicate that Sf3A2 and Prp31 directly regulate interactions among kinetochores, spindle microtubules and the Ndc80 complex in both Drosophila and human cells.
Utility of 4-Factor Prothrombin Complex Concentrate in Trauma and Acute-Care Surgical Patients
Authors: Sellers William , Bendas Charles , Toy Frederick , Klock Brian , Kerestes Jamie , Young Amanda , Badger Clint , Jensen Jason , Becker Natasha
Published: November 2018

Context

Since 2013, prothrombin complex concentrate (PCCs) have been approved in the United States for the reversal of anticoagulation induced by vitamin K antagonists. However, there has been limited investigation into their use in trauma and acute-care surgery (ACS).

Objective

To investigate the role that 4-factor PCC may have in reversing anticoagulation in the setting of trauma and ACS.

Methods

All trauma and ACS patients who presented between March 14, 2014, and August 1, 2015, were included in this retrospective descriptive analysis. Patients receiving 4-factor PCC were compared with patients receiving fresh frozen plasma (FFP) alone. The following data were collected from medical records: age, sex, race, international normalized ratio (INR) at admission (baseline) and after reversal, blood products given, dosing of medication, injury severity score, length of stay, thromboembolic event, death during admission, and death within 90 days after admission.

Results

There were 188 trauma and ACS patients who required reversal of anticoagulation. Of these, 98 patients received FFP and 90 received PCC. Patients who received PCC were at increased risk for death during admission (20% vs 9.2% for FFP group) or within 90 days (39% vs 15%, respectively). Patients in the PCC group had a higher median baseline INR (2.9 vs 2.5 in the FFP group) and a lower postintervention INR (1.4 vs 1.8); consequently, the decrease in INR was greater in the PCC group than in the FFP group (1.5 vs 0.7, respectively). The number of total units of packed red blood cells transfused was significantly higher in patients receiving PCC.

Conclusion

Patients receiving PCC had worse outcomes than those who received FFP. Given that these differences may have resulted from baseline differences between groups, these results mandate further prospective analysis of the use of PCC in trauma and ACS patients.
Heart Failure in Zero Gravity—External Constraint and Cardiac Hemodynamics
Authors: MacNamara James P. , Hearon Christopher M. , Manferdelli Giorgio , Shah Aman M. , Tayon Kevin G. , Pandey Ambarish , Sarma Satyam , Levine Benjamin D.
Published: November 2024

In this case series study, pulmonary artery systolic, diastolic, and mean pressures of 2 participants with obesity and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction were measured at zero gravity during parabolic flight to assess the effect of external constraint on left ventricular filling pressures.
Biochemical characterization of the human ubiquitous glucose‐6‐phosphatase in neutrophil granulocytes
Authors: Lédeczi Zsigmond , Németh Klaudia , Kardon Tamás
Published: November 2024

Glucose‐6‐phosphatase‐β (G6PC3) is a ubiquitous phosphatase present in the endoplasmic reticulum, which, unlike G6PC1, is not responsible for maintaining blood glucose level under starvation. Recently, G6PC3 has been shown to play an important role in neutrophil granulocytes, eliminating the toxic metabolite 1,5‐anhydroglucitol‐6‐phosphate. The present study aimed to look for alternative substrates for the enzyme and outline the expression changes in the parts of this multicomponent system during neutrophil granulocyte differentiation. We determined the kinetic characteristics of recombinant human G6PC3 towards different sugar phosphates, and the transport of these compounds was also measured in rat liver microsomes. We found that all investigated sugar phosphates are substrates for G6PC3, although their microsomal transport is much slower than that of glucose‐6‐phosphate. Using the HL‐60 promyelocytic leukemia cell line as an in vitro model system for myeloid differentiation, we found no significant differences in enzyme expression and phosphatase activity latency between undifferentiated and differentiated cells. Our results provide novel insights into the possible role of G6PC3 in the dephosphorylation of alternative sugar phosphates or their metabolites synthesized in the endoplasmic reticulum and confirm the potential feature of the enzyme in the promyelocytic stage as well. These findings contribute to our knowledge of intracellular carbohydrate metabolism of neutrophil granulocytes, which facilitates further research directions to better understand the underlying mechanisms of neutropenias.
Rapid Learning in Frontline Grocery Workers During the COVID‐19 Pandemic
Authors: Halilova Julia G. , Valtchanov Deltcho , Rosenbaum R. Shayna
Published: November 2024

Prolonged stress and the need for rapid uptake of information can have detrimental effects on memory and cognition, whereas meaningfulness of study material and motivation to learn can have positive effects. How do these opposing conditions impact workplace learning in essential frontline workers during a global pandemic? We analyzed learning data collected longitudinally since before the pandemic in over 85,000 essential frontline grocery workers and nonessential telecommunications workers via a learning management system that incorporates a spaced retrieval schedule, where items are retrieved following retention intervals of varying length. Findings indicate more rapid knowledge uptake in grocery workers (a) during than before the pandemic, (b) for COVID‐19‐related content than non‐COVID content, and (c) in the United States than in Canada. Longer‐term maintenance of training material was similar across groups. Evidence of enhanced workplace learning and retention supports efforts to integrate empirically based strategies from the behavioral sciences into learning‐based technologies.
Investigation of the Effect of Reprocessing on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Polymers and Polymer Nanocomposites
Authors: Dananjaya S. A. Vimukthi , Fortichiari Claudio , Perera Yasith S. , Dasanayaka Chamila H. , Abeykoon Chamil
Published: November 2024

This study explored the impact of multiple reprocessing cycles on the thermomechanical properties of polystyrene (PS) and low‐density polyethylene (LDPE), simulated through reprocessing with a twin‐screw extruder. Additionally, it compared the thermal and mechanical properties of graphene nanoplatelets (1% w/w) reinforced polypropylene (PP‐GNP) nanocomposites with PP. The materials undergo seven consecutive extrusion cycles at varying screw speeds (100 and 150 rpm) and temperatures (180 and 200 °C). Increasing the screw speed from 100 to 150 rpm raised LDPE's screw torque by about 40% at the first reprocessing cycle. Processing PS at 200 °C reduced screw torque by ≈20% compared to 180 °C at 1–5 reprocessing cycles. Both torque and power decrease for PP and PP‐GNP with each reprocessing cycle. LDPE's tensile modulus decreases with more cycles at 200 °C, while PS shows no consistent variation. PP's tensile modulus and ultimate tensile strength drop by 24% and 12%, respectively, from the first to the fifth cycle, while PP‐GNP exhibits no consistent variation. Differential scanning calorimetry shows no clear change in LDPE's melting point, but an increase in PP and PP‐GNP's melting points up to the fifth cycle. This research provides crucial insights to advance the recycling of polymers reducing environmental impact.
Intrinsic Activity: A Critical Challenge of Alkaline Hydrogen Oxidation Reaction
Authors: Song Xiaoyun , Yang Qimei , Zou Kaisheng , Xie Zhenyang , Wang Jian , Ding Wei
Published: November 2024

Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are advantageous for reducing or even eliminating the dependency on platinum resources, as the alkaline environment allows the use of non‐precious metal catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction at the cathode. However, the intrinsic activity of hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) catalysts in alkaline environments is 2 to 4 orders of magnitude lower than in acidic environments, which becomes the major challenge for AEMFCs. This review examines the current developments in the intrinsic activity of alkaline HOR catalysts and systematically summarizes the hydrogen activation mechanism with a focus on potential influencing factors and enhancement strategies. Furthermore, it offers insights into the prospects for developing more efficient alkaline HOR catalysts.
ZnO‐CuS/F127 Hydrogels with Multienzyme Properties for Implant‐Related Infection Therapy by Inhibiting Bacterial Arginine Biosynthesis and Promoting Tissue Repair
Authors: Sun Yiwei , Zhang Wei , Luo Zhiwen , Zhu Can , Zhang Yiqun , Shu Zheng , Shen Cailiang , Yao Xiaxi , Wang Yuanyin , Wang Xianwen
Published: November 2024

Implant‐related infections are characterized by the formation of bacterial biofilms. Current treatments have various drawbacks. Nanozymes with enzyme‐like activity can produce highly toxic substances to kill bacteria and remove biofilms without inducing drug resistance. However, it is difficult for current monometallic nanozymes to function well in complex biofilm environments. Therefore, the development of multimetallic nanozymes with efficient multienzyme activities is crucial. In the present study, bimetallic nanozyme, ZnO‐CuS nanoflowers with peroxidase (POD), glutathione oxidase (GSH‐Px), and catalase (CAT) activity are successfully synthesized via calcination and loaded into F127 hydrogels for the treatment of implant‐related infections. The ability of ZnO‐CuS nanoflowers to bind bacteria is key for efficient antimicrobial activity. In addition, ZnO‐CuS nanoflowers with H2O2 disrupt the metabolism of MRSA, including arginine synthesis, nucleotide excision repair, energy metabolism, and protein synthesis. ZnO‐CuS/F127 hydrogel in combination with H2O2 has been demonstrated to be effective in clearing biofilm infection and facilitating the switch of M1 macrophages to M2‐repairative phenotype macrophages for the treatment of implant infections in mice. Furthermore, ZnO‐CuS/F127 hydrogels have favorable biosafety, and their toxicity is negligible. ZnO‐CuS/F127 hydrogel has provided a promising biomedical strategy for the healing of implant‐related infections, highlighting the potential of bimetallic nanozymes for clinical applications.
Optimizing Hygroscopic Metal–Organic Frameworks via EDTA‐Mediated Structural Reinforcement and Photothermal Modification
Authors: Cheng Mingren , Lian Xin , Bai Haoyu , Wang Xinsheng , Xu Jian , Cao Moyuan , Bu Xian‐He
Published: November 2024

Hygroscopic metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as superior moisture sorbents due to their highly adjustable and desired water adsorption/release performance, enabling effective atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) in arid regions. However, the water adsorption capacity, recycling stability, and functionality of current MOFs should be further improved to meet the requirements of practical AWH systems. Here the hydrophilicity at low relative humidity (RH) and cycling stability of MOF‐808 are simultaneously enhanced through the ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)‐mediated post‐modification. Based on the structural reinforcement, EDTA‐modified MOF‐808 (E‐MOF‐808) delivers a stable water uptake capacity of 0.39 g g−1 at 25% RH even after 50 water adsorption–desorption cycles, more than five times that of pristine MOF‐808. In addition, bridging by EDTA with the strong chelating ability, the E‐MOF‐808 can spontaneously capture Cu2+ for further functional improvement. Accordingly, light‐absorbing CuS nanoparticles can be in situ decorated on E‐MOF‐808 for facilitating solar‐driven water release. It is envisioned that this EDTA‐mediated function enhancement should provide valuable insights into the all‐in‐one design of versatile MOFs sorbents.
Constructing Angstrom‐Level Ion Pocket Array in 1D Channel Wall for Efficient Lithium Ion Sieving
Authors: Zhao Xudong , Zhang Xueyan , Xing Xinxin , Bian Fenglan , Gao Xinli , Liu Baosheng , Song Sufang , Zhang Yuezhong , Huang Hongliang
Published: November 2024

The rapid development of new energy industry is leading to the scarcity of lithium (Li) metal. Rational design of adsorbents for efficient separation of Li+ ion from aqueous media is pivotal to solve the recovery of this valuable resource. Current adsorbents generally suffer from the drawbacks in adsorption capacity, kinetics, and selectivity. Herein, a novel and ultra‐stable metal–organic framework is designed for Li+ separation. The dense oxygen atoms on the cambered wall of its 1D channel encircle to form angstrom‐level tetrahedral ion pockets array, acting as the dominant adsorption sites. This rational distribution of the array avoids the pore blockage caused by the pre‐adsorbed ions, thereby accelerating the diffusion of subsequent ions into the interior pore. Meanwhile, this tetrahedral pocket shows distinct electronegativity and strong chelation effect for Li+. Benefiting from these specifics, this adsorbent exhibits a record‐breaking adsorption capacity for Li+ (76.1 mg g−1) and short equilibrium time (30 min). Moreover, the selective adsorption of Li+ over Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ is achieved due to the matched Li+ ion diameter with the pocket/channel sizes and lower energy barrier for dehydration. Thus, this work proposes a feasible strategy for the construction of novel MOFs for ions adsorption.
Coordination of Ultralow Permittivity and Higher Thermal Conductivity of Polyimide Induced by Unique Interfacial Self‐Assembly Behavior
Authors: Dong Xiaodi , Wan Baoquan , Huang Langbiao , Zhao Quanliang , Yao Ruifeng , Gao Jinghui , Ding Can , Wang Xu , Dang Zhi‐Min , Chen George , Zha Jun‐Wei
Published: November 2024

Upgrading the available dielectric materials is the most effective approach to solve the poor quality of signal transmission and heat buildup caused by high density integration. In this work, a design strategy for multilayer 3D porous composite networks is proposed, relying on the self‐assembly effect of “crystal‐like phase” to achieve the synergistic optimization of low permittivity and high thermal conductivity of polyimide. The obtained three‐layer porous polyimide composite film (PSLS) features an ultralow permittivity of 1.89, an in‐plane thermal conductivity as high as 13.58 W m−1 K−1, and maintains well electrical insulating property. Inspiringly, the first digital thermoacoustic generator with wide frequency response has been designed based on PSLS film. It achieves sound pressure levels up to 60.1 dB in the 20–100 kHz range and integrates the efficient sound generation of an ultrasonic generator with real‐time display. This work will provide a novel concept material for the smart electronics and electrical fields.
Underwater Vibration Sensor to Enable Automated and Contactless Voice Recognition
Authors: Sarkar Debasmita , Kara Ufuoma I. , Singh Rajan , Phukan Anirban , Mondal Priyam , Paily Roy P. , Wang Xiaoguang , Manna Uttam
Published: November 2024

Individuals suffering from voice disabilities have limited access to currently available automation technologies that operate through voice commands. To address this issue, an alternative voice recognition approach is essential without directly monitoring the audio signals generated from the vocal cord. In this work, the design of a chemically reactive and conductive sponge is reported to create an underwater vibration sensor with a fast response time and high sensitivity, through orthogonal modulation of conductivity (40–2150 kΩ), water repellence (0°–154°) and mechanical properties (0.32–2.63 MPa). This class of porous sponge sensors enables the identification of subtle water waves generated at the air–water interface and extends its utility to detecting a variety of locomotion (squatting, jumping, walking, etc.), as well as automated voice recognition using a deep learning model without direct contact with the human body. Overall, this underwater vibration sensor provides a novel basis for remote interaction with automated technologies, which finds use in medical diagnostics, human‐machine interfaces, and underwater communication systems.
Understanding, Mimicking, and Mitigating Radiolytic Damage to Polymers in Liquid Phase Transmission Electron Microscopy
Authors: Wu Hanglong , Sun Hongyu , Oerlemans Roy A. J. F. , Li Siyu , Shao Jingxin , Wang Jianhong , Joosten Rick R. M. , Lou Xianwen , Luo Yingtong , Zheng Hongkui , Abdelmohsen Loai K. E. A. , Garza H. Hugo Pérez , van Hest Jan C. M. , Friedrich Heiner
Published: November 2024

Advances in liquid phase transmission electron microscopy (LP‐TEM) have enabled the monitoring of polymer dynamics in solution at the nanoscale, but radiolytic damage during LP‐TEM imaging limits its routine use in polymer science. This study focuses on understanding, mimicking, and mitigating radiolytic damage observed in functional polymers in LP‐TEM. It is quantitatively demonstrated how polymer damage occurs across all conceivable (LP‐)TEM environments, and the key characteristics and differences between polymer degradation in water vapor and liquid water are elucidated. Importantly, it is shown that the hydroxyl radical‐rich environment in LP‐TEM can be approximated by UV light irradiation in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, allowing the use of bulk techniques to probe damage at the polymer chain level. Finally, the protective effects of commonly used hydroxyl radical scavengers are compared, revealing that the effectiveness of graphene's protection is distance‐dependent. The work provides detailed methodological guidance and establishes a baseline for polymer degradation in LP‐TEM, paving the way for future research on nanoscale tracking of shape transitions and drug encapsulation of polymer assemblies in solution.
Nanomaterial‐Mediated Reprogramming of Macrophages to Inhibit Refractory Muscle Fibrosis
Authors: Cheng Xu , Sui Hao , Chen Fangman , Li Chenghao , Du Meijun , Zhang Shiming , Chen Jiali , Dou Jinfeng , Huang Yixuan , Xie Xiaochun , Cheng Chuanxu , Yang Renjie , Yang Chao , Shi Bing , Shao Dan , Leong Kam W. , Huang Hanyao
Published: November 2024

Orofacial muscles are particularly prone to refractory fibrosis after injury, leading to a negative effect on the patient's quality of life and limited therapeutic options. Gaining insights into innate inflammatory response‐fibrogenesis homeostasis can aid in the development of new therapeutic strategies for muscle fibrosis. In this study, the crucial role of macrophages is identified in the regulation of orofacial muscle fibrogenesis after injury. Hypothesizing that orchestrating macrophage polarization and functions will be beneficial for fibrosis treatment, nanomaterials are engineered with polyethylenimine functionalization to regulate the macrophage phenotype by capturing negatively charged cell‐free nucleic acids (cfNAs). This cationic nanomaterial reduces macrophage‐related inflammation in vitr and demonstrates excellent efficacy in preventing orofacial muscle fibrosis in vivo. Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals that the cationic nanomaterial reduces the proportion of profibrotic Gal3+ macrophages through the cfNA‐mediated TLR7/9‐NF‐κB signaling pathway, resulting in a shift in profibrotic fibro‐adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) from the matrix‐producing Fabp4+ subcluster to the matrix‐degrading Igf1+ subcluster. The study highlights a strategy to target innate inflammatory response‐fibrogenesis homeostasis and suggests that cationic nanomaterials can be exploited for treating refractory fibrosis.
Improving Oxygen‐Redox‐Active Layered Oxide Cathodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries Through Crystal Facet Modulation and Fluorinated Interfacial Engineering
Authors: Sun Yiran , Weng Junying , Zhou Pengfei , Yuan Wenyong , Pan Yihao , Wu Xiaozhong , Zhou Jin , Cheng Fangyi
Published: November 2024

Layered oxides with active oxygen redox are attractive cathode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) due to high capacity but suffer from rapid capacity/voltage deterioration and sluggish reaction kinetics stemming from lattice oxygen release, interfacial side reactions, and structural reconstruction. Herein, a synergistic strategy of crystal‐facet modulation and fluorinated interfacial engineering is proposed to achieve high capacity, superior rate capability, and long cycle stability in Na0.67Li0.24Mn0.76O2. The synthesized single‐crystal Na0.67Li0.24Mn0.76O2 (NLMO{010}) featuring increased {010} active facet exposure exhibits faster anionic redox kinetics and delivers a high capacity (272.4 mAh g−1 at 10 mA g−1) with superior energy density (713.9 Wh kg−1) and rate performance (116.4 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1). Moreover, by incorporating N‐Fluorobenzenesulfonimide (NFBS) as electrolyte additive, the NLMO{010} cathode retains 84.6% capacity after 400 cycles at 500 mA g−1 with alleviated voltage fade (0.27 mV per cycle). Combined in situ analysis and theoretical calculations unveil dual functionality of NFBS, which results in thin yet durable fluorinated interfaces on the NLMO{010} cathode and hard carbon anode and scavenges highly reactive oxygen species. The results indicate the importance of fast‐ion‐transfer facet engineering and fluorinated electrolyte formulation to enhance oxygen redox‐active cathode materials for high‐energy‐density SIBs.
All‐In‐One Additive Enabled Efficient and Stable Narrow‐Bandgap Perovskites for Monolithic All‐Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Deng , Chen Mingqian , Lei Xia , Wang Yunfan , Bao Yuqi , Huang Xiaofeng , Zhu Peide , Zeng Jie , Wang Xingzhu , Tsang SaiWing , Li Fengzhu , Xu Baomin , Jen Alex K.‐Y.
Published: November 2024

Hybrid tin‐lead (Sn‐Pb) perovskites have garnered increasing attention due to their crucial role in all‐perovskite tandem cells for surpassing the efficiency limit of single‐junction solar cells. However, the easy oxidation of Sn2+ and fast crystallization of Sn‐based perovskite present significant challenges for achieving high‐quality hybrid Sn‐Pb perovskite films, thereby limiting the device's performance and stability. Herein, an all‐in‐one additive, 2‐amino‐3‐mercaptopropanoic acid hydrochloride (AMPH) is proposed, which can function as a reducing agent to suppress the formation of Sn4+ throughout the film preparation. Furthermore, the strong binding between AMPH and Sn‐based precursor significantly slows down the crystallization process, resulting in a high‐quality film with enhanced crystallinity. The remaining AMPH and its oxidation products within the film contribute to improves oxidation resistance and a substantial reduction in defect density, specifically Sn vacancies. Benefiting from the multifunctionalities of AMPH, a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.07% is achieved for single‐junction narrow‐bandgap perovskite solar cells. The best‐performing monolithic all‐perovskite tandem cell also exhibits a PCE of 28.73% (certified 27.83%), which is among the highest efficiency reported yet. The tandem devices can also retain over 85% of their initial efficiencies after 500 hours of continuous operation at the maximum power point under one‐sun illumination.
Organic Nonvolatile 2T Memory Cell Employing a NOT‐Gate‐Like Architecture Toward Binary Output Level With Enhanced Noise Tolerance
Authors: Zhao Qiang , Wang Hanlin , Ni Zhenjie , Liu Jie , Li Jie , Yang Fangxu , Li Liqiang , Jiang Lang , Zhen Yonggang , Dong Huanli , Hu Wenping
Published: November 2024

Organic nonvolatile memory has been considered a low‐cost memory technology for flexible electronics and Internet‐of‐things (IoT). However, a major concern is the nonuniformity of memory units, which is primarily caused by random grain boundaries, interface defects, and charge traps, making it difficult to develop high‐density reliable memory arrays. This nonuniformity problem would induce read error, which is directly caused by the narrow distribution margin of memory states and low noise tolerance in conventional organic memory cells. To break this limitation, a novel 2T memory cell employing a NOT‐gate‐like architecture achieving self‐enhancing noise tolerance is presented. This unique cell consists of a pair of commonly‐gated memory transistors with contradictory “write‐and‐erase” features. It functions as a voltage divider, producing a well‐distinguished binary voltage output capability. The concept and design model of this brand‐new 2T memory cell is thoroughly discussed. It is originally characterized by noise‐tolerant memory cells irrespective of device nonuniformity. The noise tolerance range of this 2T memory cell is also investigated. The binary voltage‐readable memory state with a large noise tolerance range is obtained. Moreover, the conceptual design of the 1T2T FeRAM cell is further developed for low‐cost voltage‐readable memory technology in wearable electronic applications.
Macroscale Superlubrication Achieved with Shear‐Thinning Semisolid Lubricants
Authors: Wang Liucheng , Zhang Liqiang , Zheng Runhao , Du Changhe , Yu Tongtong , Li Kunpeng , Bu Weifeng , Wang Daoai
Published: November 2024

Macrosuperlubric materials are pivotal for reducing friction and wear in engineering applications. However, current solid superlubricants require intricate fabrication and specific conditions (e.g., vacuum or inert atmospheres), while liquid superlubricants are prone to creep, leakage, and corrosion. Here, a novel semisolid subnanometer nanowire (SNW) superlubrication material based on the shear‐thinning effect is introduced to overcome these challenges. The SNWs achieve an exceptionally low friction coefficient (0.008–0.009) with silicon nitride (Si3N4) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) tribo‐pairs, demonstrating a brief running‐in period (≈39 s) and stable superlubrication over extended friction (12 h, >120 000 cycles). The combination of the shear‐thinning network structure mechanism, the adsorption membrane mechanism, and hydrodynamic effects provides a synergistic effect, playing a crucial role in achieving superlubricity. Additionally, SNWs can be combined with various base oils to create semisolid gel lubricants with superlubricating properties. This innovative approach addresses the limitations of current superlubrication systems and introduces a new category of semisolid gel lubricants, significantly expanding the applications of superlubrication materials.
Crystallographic Reorientation Induced by Gradient Solid‐Electrolyte Interphase for Highly Stable Zinc Anode
Authors: Zhao Ming , Lv Yanqun , Qi Jun , Zhang Yong , Du Yadong , Yang Qi , Xu Yunkai , Qiu Jieshan , Lu Jun , Chen Shimou
Published: November 2024

Oriented zinc (Zn) electrodeposition is critical for the long‐term performance of aqueous Zn metal batteries. However, the intricate interfacial reactions between the Zn anode and electrolytes hinder a comprehensive understanding of Zn metal deposition. Here, the reaction pathways of Zn deposition and report the preferential formation of Zn single‐crystalline nuclei followed by dense Zn(002) deposition is elucidated, which is induced by a gradient solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI). The gradient SEI composed of abundant B‐O and C species facilitates faster Zn2+ nucleation rate and smaller nucleus size, promoting the formation of Zn single‐crystalline nuclei. Additionally, the homogeneity and mechanical stability of SEI ensure the crystallographic reorientation of Zn anodes from Zn(101) to (002) planes, efficiently inhibiting dendrite growth and metal corrosion during the Zn2+ stripping/plating process. These advantages significantly enhance the stability of the Zn anode, as demonstrated by the prolonged cycling lifespan of symmetric Zn batteries and exceptional reversibility (>99.5%) over 5000 cycles in Zn//Cu asymmetric batteries. Notably, this strategy also enables the stable operation of anode‐free Zn//I2 batteries with a long lifespan of 3000 cycles. This work advances the understanding of Zn electrochemical behaviors, encompassing Zn nucleation, growth, and Zn2+ stripping/plating.
Making Interfacial Solar Evaporation of Seawater Faster than Fresh Water
Authors: Yu Huimin , Jin Huanyu , Qiu Meijia , Liang Yunzheng , Sun Peng , Cheng Chuanqi , Wu Pan , Wang Yida , Wu Xuan , Chu Dewei , Zheng Min , Qiu Tong , Lu Yi , Zhang Bin , Mai Wenjie , Yang Xiaofei , Owens Gary , Xu Haolan
Published: November 2024

Interfacial solar evaporation‐based seawater desalination is regarded as one of the most promising strategies to alleviate freshwater scarcity. However, the solar evaporation rate of real seawater is significantly constricted by the ubiquitous salts present in seawater. In addition to the common issue of salt accumulation on the evaporation surface during solar evaporation, strong hydration between salt ions and water molecules leads to a lower evaporation rate for real seawater compared to pure water. Here a facile and general strategy is developed to reverse this occurrence, that is, making real seawater evaporation faster than pure water. By simply introducing specific mineral materials into the floating photothermal evaporator, ion exchange at air–water interfaces directly results in a decrease in seawater evaporation enthalpy, and consequently achieves much higher seawater evaporation rates compared to pure water. This process is spontaneously realized during seawater solar evaporation. Considering the current enormous clean water production from evaporation‐based desalination plants, such an evaporation performance improvement can remarkably increase annual clean water production, benefiting millions of people worldwide.
Enhancing Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Nano‐Epidrug Effects on Immune Modulation and Antigenicity Restoration
Authors: Li Xiaocheng , Liu Yahui , Ke Jianji , Wang Zhihua , Han Mingda , Wang Ning , Miao Qiannan , Shao Bingru , Zhou Dan , Yan Fei , Ji Bai
Published: November 2024

Radiofrequency ablation (RFA), a critical therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), carries a significant risk of recurrence and metastasis, particularly owing to mechanisms involving immune evasion and antigen downregulation via epigenetic modifications. This study introduces a “nano‐epidrug” named MFMP. MFMP, which is composed of hollow mesoporous manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles, FIDAS‐5 as an MAT2A inhibitor, macrophage membrane, and anti‐PD‐L1 (aPD‐L1), targets HCC cells. By selectively binding to these cells, MFMP initially reverses immune suppression via PD‐L1 inhibition. After endocytosis, MFMP disassembles in the tumor microenvironment, releasing FIDAS‐5 and Mn2+. FIDAS‐5 prevents cGAS methylation, whereas Mn2+ aids STING pathway restoration. In addition, FIDAS‐5 reduces m6A RNA modification, suppressing EGFR expression. These changes enhance HCC antigenicity to promote cytotoxic T cell recognition and cytotoxic killing. Furthermore, MFMP mediates immunogenic cell death in HCC by synergizing with RFA through cGAS DNA demethylation, EGFR mRNA demethylation, and TBK1 protein phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting recurrence and metastasis and enhancing immune memory. Thus, MFMP is a potential adjunctive therapy requiring clinical validation.
Enhanced Stability and Brightness through Co‐Substitution: Promoting Plant Growth with Green‐Excited Deep Red Phosphor Ca1‐zSrzLi1‐xMg2xAl3‐xN4:yEu2+
Authors: Wang Pengpeng , Wang Yuhua , Li Zebin , Wang Haoyang , Seto Takatoshi
Published: November 2024

The research utilized a strategy of chemical unit co‐substitution, successfully developing a novel blue‐green to green excited, deep red‐emitting phosphor, Ca1‐zSrzLi1‐xMg2xAl3‐xN4:yEu2+ (CLA‐2xM‐zS:yEu, 0≤x≤0.8, 0.003≤y≤0.01, 0≤z≤1), through the replacement of [Li−Al]4+ by [Mg−Mg]4+. This phosphor uniquely converts unusable green light to growth‐enhancing deep red, optimizing it for outdoor agriculture. Doping with Sr creates traps, causing a redshift in emission peaks, as confirmed by 7Li nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra, indicating Li presence and lattice changes. Ca0.2Sr0.8Li0.5MgAl2.5N4:0.005Eu2+ (CLAM‐0.8S) phosphor maintained high luminescence intensity under extreme conditions of 85 °C/85% RH, demonstrating excellent photoluminescence performance and chemical stability, compared with conventional SrLi0.5MgAl2.5N4:0.005Eu2+ (SLMA) and SrLiAl3N4:0.005Eu2+(SLA). Experimental results surprised that the unique Ca0.2Sr0.8Li0.8Mg0.4Al2.8N4:0.005Eu2+ (CLA‐0.4M‐0.8S) prepared light‐converting film, which is mainly excited by green light, demonstrated a 20% increase in optical density of Chlorella compared to the PP film and a remarkable 97.5% increase compared to the control group without any film. These findings suggest that this film has significant potential for applications in outdoor agriculture and other fields.
Stable Surface Contact with Tailored Alkylamine Pyridine Derivatives for High‐Performance Inverted Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Liu Sanwan , Sun Zhenxing , Lei Xia , Miao Tianyin , Zhou Qisen , Chen Rui , Wang Jianan , Ren Fumeng , Pan Yongyan , Cai Yong , Tan Zhengtian , Liu Wenguang , Liu Xiaoxuan , Li Jingbai , Zhang Yong , Xu Baomin , Liu Zonghao , Chen Wei
Published: November 2024

Formamidinium‐cesium lead triiodide (FA1‐xCsxPbI3) perovskite holds great promise for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with both high efficiency and stability. However, the defective perovskite surfaces induced by defects and residual tensile strain largely limit the photovoltaic performance of the corresponding devices. Here, the passivation capability of alkylamine‐modified pyridine derivatives for the surface defects of FA1‐xCsxPbI3 perovskite is systematically studied. Among the studied surface passivators, 3‐(2‐aminoethyl)pyridine (3‐PyEA) with the suitable size is demonstrated to be the most effective in reducing surface iodine impurities and defects (VI and I2) through its strong coordination with Npyridine. Additionally, the tail amino group (─NH2) from 3‐PyEA can react with FA+ cations to reduce the surface roughness of perovskite films, and the reaction products can also passivate FA vacancies (VFA), and further strengthen their binding interaction to perovskite surfaces. These merits lead to suppressed nonradiative recombination loss, the release of residual tensile stress for the perovskite films, and a favorable energy‐level alignment at the perovskite/[6,6]‐phenyl‐C61‐butyric acid methyl ester interface. Consequently, the resulting inverted FA1‐xCsxPbI3 PSCs obtain an impressive power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 25.65% (certified 25.45%, certified steady‐state efficiency 25.06%), along with retaining 96.5% of the initial PCE after 1800 h of 1‐sun operation at 55 °C in air.
Controlling Temporally and Spatially Homogeneous Temperature Distribution of Paper Substrates by Biogenic Phase Change Hybrid Material Coatings
Authors: Breuer Carina , Neuenfeld Lukas , Ghanbari Mohammad Hossein , Etzold Bastian J. M. , Biesalski Markus
Published: November 2024

Here the performance of phase change material (PCM)‐coated paper made from unbleached kraft pulp is introduced. The applied PCM consists of a mixture of ethylene glycol distearate (EGDS), a well‐known PCM wax material, and a fully substituted cellulose stearoyl ester (CSE). Transfer of the PCM material onto/into paper is achieved by spray as well as blade coating of EGDS + CSE mixture. It is shown that the kind of coating method used does not interfere with observed PCM properties. The significantly higher melt viscosity of the EGDS + CSE blends ensures that the EGDS wax is not bleeding out of the paper, which avoids the use of further encapsulation processes. The PCM behavior, as observed by thermal load measurements, and the thermal buffering of the coated paper is a function of the applied mass of the PCM material applied. The thermal retention exhibited a quasi‐isothermal behavior at ≈65 °C with EGDS + CSE coatings. These effects can offset fluctuations in temperature, and the PCM papers can be employed to achieve a more uniform temperature setting. PCM‐modified papers are therefore interesting candidates for paper‐based packaging or for use in paper‐based sensors, where overheating can strongly affect reliability of results.
Recent Advances in Organocatalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane Frameworks
Authors: Ma Rong‐Rong , Liu Bo‐Yang , Yan Lei , Lin Jun‐Bing , Xu Peng‐Fei
Published: November 2024

The bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane ring represents an attractive yet challenging synthetic targets in the field of organic synthesis, especially in a stereocontrolled fashion. Over the past two decades, organocatalysis has emerged as an enabling technology for the facile construction of enantioenriched molecules with remarkably increasing complexity and diversity, and a myriad of chiral architectures containing bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane units were elegantly assembled through organocatalytic asymmetric transformations. This review summarizes recent advancements on this topic (mainly from 2010–2023), emphasizing the reaction types such as desymmetrization and cascade reactions of different prochiral starting materials toward various chiral bicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes as well as their aza, oxa and thio derivatives. Meanwhile, the synthetic strategy, reaction mechanism, substrate scope and synthetic applications of these catalytic reactions are also discussed. We hope that this review will motivate further development and application of organocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of bicyclo[3.3.1]nonane frameworks.
Metal Organic Framework‐Derived Anionic P‐Substitution toward CoNiSe‐P with Excellent Electrochemical Stability for Supercapacitor
Authors: Yue Pan , Wang Ming , Chen Jiayi , Song Tingting , Zhao Yunhe , Wu Xiaoliang
Published: November 2024

The regulation of nanostructures and composition can significantly enhance the electrochemical activity and accelerate electrochemical reaction kinetics of electrode material. Herein, metal organic framework(MOF) is used as self‐sacrificing templates to prepare CoNiSe‐P by hydrothermal with following selenylation and phosphorization treatment. Due to the hollow porous structure, rich electrochemical active sites and elements synergistic influence, the obtained CoNiSe‐P electrode shows a high capacity of 838 C g−1, which is much higher than CoNiSe (322 C g−1) and CoNiP (616 C g−1). Furthermore, CoNiSe‐P electrode shows excellent rate characteristic (685 C g−1 at 20 A g−1) and ultrahigh electrochemical stability with capacity retention of 99.6% after 10 000 cycles. More importantly, an asymmetric supercapacitor is assembled with CoNiSe‐P as the positive electrode and nitrogen‐doped porous carbon as the negative electrode delivers an energy density of 42.4 Wh kg−1 at 266.6 W kg−1 and maintains a specific capacitance of 96.8% after 10 000 cycles. Significantly, the asymmetric supercapacitor shows a high energy density up to 21.3 Wh kg−1 at a very high power density of 21.3 kW kg−1, higher than those of previously reported asymmetric supercapacitors.
Antitumorigenic Effect of Combination Treatment with BRAF Inhibitor and Cisplatin in Colorectal Cancer In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Koumaki Kassandra , Skarmalioraki Salomi , Kosmidou Vivian , Krikoni Lida , Goulielmaki Maria , Zoumpourlis Vassilis , Pintzas Alexander , Souliotis Vassilis L.
Published: November 2024

In colorectal cancer (CRC), BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) monotherapy appears ineffective, while cisplatin treatment is associated with adverse effects, drug resistance, and reduced efficacy. Herein, a combinatorial approach is being explored to increase the likelihood of effectively killing colorectal cancer cells. The combined effect of BRAFi (PLX4720, Vemurafenib, Dabrafenib, Encorafenib) and cisplatin treatment is examined in BRAFV600E‐mutated (RKO, HT29, Colo‐205) and BRAFwt (Caco‐2) cell lines, as well as in mouse xenografts of RKO cells. Following cisplatin‐only treatment, all cell lines show accumulation within subG1 (apoptotic cells) and G2/M phases, as well as phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and H2AX. Following BRAFi‐only treatment, BRAFV600E‐mutated cells show accumulation within G0/G1 phase, reduced distribution in the S and G2/M phases, inhibition of ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and increased phosphorylation of H2AX. Combined BRAFi and cisplatin treatment synergistically decrease RKO cells viability, reduce phosphorylation of ERK1/2, and increase phosphorylation of H2AX. Importantly, in mouse xenografts of RKO cells, combined PLX4720 and cisplatin treatment show superior therapeutic potential than each monotherapy (P < 0.001). Taken together, in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models, BRAFi and cisplatin combined treatment has shown an improved antitumor effect, rendering it a potential anticancer treatment strategy for BRAF‐mutant colon cancer patients.
Microstructural Underpinnings of Giant Intrinsic Exchange Bias in Epitaxial NiCo2O4 Thin Films
Authors: Yang Detian , Subedi Arjun , Liu Chao , Ambaye Haile , Lauter Valeria , Dowben Peter A. , Liu Yaohua , Xu Xiaoshan
Published: November 2024

Understanding intrinsic exchange bias in nominally single‐component ferromagnetic or ferrimagnetic materials is crucial for simplifying related device architectures. However, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon and its tunability remain elusive, which hinders the efforts to achieve unidirectional magnetization for widespread applications. Inspired by the high tunability of ferrimagnetic inverse spinel NiCo2O4, the origin of intrinsic exchange bias in NiCo2O4 (111) films deposited on Al2O3 (0001) substrates are investigated. The comprehensive characterizations, including electron diffraction, X‐ray reflectometry and spectroscopy, and polarized neutron reflectometry, reveal that intrinsic exchange bias in NiCo2O4 (111)/Al2O3 (0001) arises from a reconstructed antiferromagnetic rock‐salt NixCo1‐xO layer at the interface between the film and the substrate due to a significant structural mismatch. Remarkably, by engineering the interfacial structure under optimal growth conditions, it can achieve exchange bias larger than coercivity, leading to unidirectional magnetization. Such giant intrinsic exchange bias can be utilized for realistic device applications. This work establishes a new material platform based on NiCo2O4, an emergent spintronics material, to study tunable interfacial magnetic and spintronic properties.
A High‐Efficiency System for Long‐Term Salinity‐Gradient Energy Harvesting and Simultaneous Solar Steam Generation
Authors: Long Jun , Yin Jun , Yang Fuhua , Zhou Guangmin , Cheng Hui‐Ming , Guo Wanlin , Qiu Ling
Published: November 2024

The vast energy stored in the ocean, which receives an average solar power of ≈60 000 TW per year, surpasses human energy consumption by three orders of magnitude. Harnessing even a small fraction of it holds great promise in addressing global energy and water crises. Here, an integrated device that achieves unprecedented power density up to 1.1 W m−2 with excellent stability through a salinity concentration gradient induced by solar evaporation, while simultaneously producing clean water at a rate of 1.25 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun irradiation is presented. The remarkable electricity generation capability stems from the unique interlayer structure of polyaniline‐graphene oxide‐MnO2 (PANI@GO/MnO2) electrodes, enabling the recovery of electrochemical potentials from a wide range of ion salinity concentrations within the device and the additional Donnan potential generated by the anion‐exchange membrane. Furthermore, periodic flipping of the device effectively reactivates the electrodes and suppresses salt accumulation, enabling long‐term operation. Notably, a prototype device of 8 × 25 cm2 exhibits a short‐circuit current of 10 mA and an open‐circuit voltage of 10.2 V, as well as a clean water production rate of 24.8 g per hour. These findings shed light on the reliable technology for power and freshwater supply in marine environments.