bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Deleted Deletion Site in a New Vector Strain and Exceptional Genomic Stability of Plaque-Purified Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA)
Authors: Jordan Ingo , Horn Deborah , Thiele Kristin , Haag Lars , Fiddeke Katharina , Sandig Volker
Published: December 2019

Vectored vaccines based on highly attenuated modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) are reported to be immunogenic, tolerant to pre-existing immunity, and able to accommodate and stably maintain very large transgenes. MVA is usually produced on primary chicken embryo fibroblasts, but production processes based on continuous cell lines emerge as increasingly robust and cost-effective alternatives. An isolate of a hitherto undescribed genotype was recovered by passage of a non-plaque-purified preparation of MVA in a continuous anatine suspension cell line (CR.pIX) in chemically defined medium. The novel isolate (MVA-CR19) replicated to higher infectious titers in the extracellular volume of suspension cultures and induced fewer syncytia in adherent cultures. We now extend previous studies with the investigation of the point mutations in structural genes of MVA-CR19 and describe an additional point mutation in a regulatory gene. We furthermore map and discuss an extensive rearrangement of the left telomer of MVA-CR19 that appears to have occurred by duplication of the right telomer. This event caused deletions and duplications of genes that may modulate immunologic properties of MVA-CR19 as a vaccine vector. Our characterizations also highlight the exceptional genetic stability of plaque-purified MVA: although the phenotype of MVA-CR19 appears to be advantageous for replication, we found that all genetic markers that differentiate wildtype and MVA-CR19 are stably maintained in passages of recombinant viruses based on either wildtype or MVA-CR.
Inpainting forgery detection using hybrid generative/discriminative approach based on bounded generalized Gaussian mixture model
Authors: Alharbi Abdullah , Alhakami Wajdi , Bourouis Sami , Najar Fatma , Bouguila Nizar
Published: December 2019

We propose in this paper a novel reliable detection method to recognize forged inpainting images. Detecting potential forgeries and authenticating the content of digital images is extremely challenging and important for many applications. The proposed approach involves developing new probabilistic support vector machines (SVMs) kernels from a flexible generative statistical model named “bounded generalized Gaussian mixture model”. The developed learning framework has the advantage to combine properly the benefits of both discriminative and generative models and to include prior knowledge about the nature of data. It can effectively recognize if an image is a tampered one and also to identify both forged and authentic images. The obtained results confirmed that the developed framework has good performance under numerous inpainted images.
A Transaction Utility Approach for Bidding in Second-Price Auctions
Authors: Sayman Serdar , Akçay Yalçın
Published: December 2019

In both the Vickrey and eBay auctions, bidding the reservation price is the optimal strategy within the conventional utility framework. However, in practice, buyers tend to bid less than their reservation prices, and bid multiple times, thus increase their bids, in the course of an auction. In this paper, we show that both underbidding and multiple bidding behaviors can be consistent with utility maximization, if buyer's utility incorporates a transaction utility (reference price dependent) component. Transaction utility is based on the difference between the buyer's reference price and actual price paid; it captures the perceived value of the deal. More specifically, we show that the optimal bid is lower than the reservation price, but higher than the reference price. Furthermore, buyer may re-bid (above the prior optimal level) if the reference price is revised upon observing a higher current price.
Convention Concerning the Elimination of Violence and Harassment in the World of Work (Int'L Lab. Org.)
Authors: Beqiraj Julinda
Published: December 2019

On June 21, 2019, the International Law Organization (ILO) adopted the groundbreaking Convention No. 190 concerning the Elimination of Violence and Harassment in the World of Work (C190) and the accompanying Recommendation on the same topic (R206). ILO conventions are legally binding instruments, once ratified by states, while recommendations provide advice and guidance. The result of two years of negotiations by ILO members—governments, workers’ representatives, and employers’ organizations—is an international treaty setting out standards that are aimed at ending violence and harassment in the world of work. In its “Women, Business and the Law 2018” study, the World Bank reports that there is a lack of legal protection against harassment at work in 70 percent of the countries in the Middle East and North Africa, half of the economies in East Asia and the Pacific, and one-third of those in Latin America and the Caribbean, affecting an estimated 500 million working-age women.
Prosecutor v. Omar Al-Bashir, Judgment in the Jordan Referral Re Al-Bashir Appeal (Int'L Crim. Ct.)
Authors: Weatherall Thomas
Published: December 2019

On May 6, 2019, the Appeals Chamber (AC) of the International Criminal Court (ICC) delivered its judgment in Jordan's appeal of the December 11, 2017 decision of the Pre-Trial Chamber (PTC) in Prosecutor v. Al-Bashir. The first and second grounds of appeal concerned whether Jordan had complied with its duty to cooperate with the request of the Court to arrest and surrender Al-Bashir. The third ground of appeal concerned whether the PTC abused its discretion in referring Jordan's noncompliance to the Assembly of States Parties to the Rome Statute (ASP) and the United Nations Security Council (UNSC). Prior to the judgment, ICC PTCs had created divergent jurisprudence regarding the immunity of incumbent heads of state before international courts.
Confédération Paysanne and Others v. Premier Ministre and Ministre De L'Agriculture, De L'Agroalimentaire Et De La Forêt (C.J.E.U.)
Authors: Dederer Hans-Georg
Published: December 2019

On July 25, 2018, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU, the Court) rendered its judgment in the case C-528/16, Confédération paysanne and Others. It is a landmark decision in that the Court essentially decided that genome-edited organisms are “genetically modified organisms” (GMOs) governed by the EU's regulatory framework on GMOs without exception.
Looming Deficits: Textile Production Specialization in Postclassic Mesoamerica
Authors: Huster Angela C.
Published: December 2019

Using textile production in Postclassic Western Mesoamerica as a case study, this article explores how to differentiate low levels of craft production caused by household provisioning from low levels of craft production due to market reliance and regional specialization. I use a sample of 52 excavated site/phase components to establish baselines for the intensity of production and to evaluate whether participation in the market allowed craftspeople in some regions to underproduce textiles relative to local needs. Highland and lowland sites have comparable low frequencies of spindle whorls during the Early Postclassic, which I interpret as characteristic of household self-sufficiency. Whorl frequencies increase above this baseline earlier and to a higher degree in lowland sites than in highland sites. During the Late Postclassic, some regions may have formed pairs of over- and underproduction zones linked by the market. Because of changes in spinning technology, it is not possible to extrapolate the results of this study to earlier time periods. I then present data from Calixtlahuaca as an example of how macroregional data can be used to interpret craft production at a particular site. Textile production at Calixtlahuaca was generally low, but this was more likely a function of a strong dependence on maguey fiber, rather than underproduction caused by a reliance on the market.
ARITHMETIC STRUCTURES FOR DIFFERENTIAL OPERATORS ON FORMAL SCHEMES
Authors: HUYGHE CHRISTINE , SCHMIDT TOBIAS , STRAUCH MATTHIAS
Published: December 2019

Let$\mathfrak{o}$be a complete discrete valuation ring of mixed characteristic$(0,p)$and$\mathfrak{X}_{0}$a smooth formal$\mathfrak{o}$-scheme. Let$\mathfrak{X}\rightarrow \mathfrak{X}_{0}$be an admissible blow-up. In the first part, we introduce sheaves of differential operators$\mathscr{D}_{\mathfrak{X},k}^{\dagger }$on$\mathfrak{X}$, for every sufficiently large positive integer$k$, generalizing Berthelot’s arithmetic differential operators on the smooth formal scheme$\mathfrak{X}_{0}$. The coherence of these sheaves and several other basic properties are proven. In the second part, we study the projective limit sheaf$\mathscr{D}_{\mathfrak{X},\infty }=\mathop{\varprojlim }\nolimits_{k}\mathscr{D}_{\mathfrak{X},k}^{\dagger }$and introduce its abelian category of coadmissible modules. The inductive limit of the sheaves$\mathscr{D}_{\mathfrak{X},\infty }$, over all admissible blow-ups$\mathfrak{X}$, is a sheaf$\mathscr{D}_{\langle \mathfrak{X}_{0}\rangle }$on the Zariski–Riemann space of$\mathfrak{X}_{0}$, which gives rise to an abelian category of coadmissible modules. Analogues of Theorems A and B are shown to hold in each of these settings, that is, for$\mathscr{D}_{\mathfrak{X},k}^{\dagger }$,$\mathscr{D}_{\mathfrak{X},\infty }$, and$\mathscr{D}_{\langle \mathfrak{X}_{0}\rangle }$.
When Deliberation Produces Persuasion rather than Polarization: Measuring and modeling Small Group Dynamics in a Field Experiment
Authors: Esterling Kevin M. , Fung Archon , Lee Taeku
Published: December 2019

This article proposes a new statistical method to measure persuasion within small groups, and applies this approach to a large-scale randomized deliberative experiment. The authors define the construct of ‘persuasion’ as a change in the systematic component of an individual's preference, separate from measurement error, that results from exposure to interpersonal interaction. Their method separately measures persuasion in a latent (left–right) preference space and in a topic-specific preference space. The model's functional form accommodates tests of substantive hypotheses found in the small-group literature. The article illustrates the measurement method by examining changes in study participants' views on US fiscal policy resulting from the composition of the small discussion groups to which they were randomly assigned. The results are inconsistent with the ‘law of small-group polarization’, the typical result found in small-group research; instead, the authors observe patterns of latent and policy-specific persuasion consistent with the aspirations of deliberation.
PAUSE THE BLOCKCHAIN LEGAL REVOLUTION
Authors: Low Kelvin F. K. , Mik Eliza
Published: December 2019

When bitcoin was released by the mysterious Satoshi Nakamoto in 2008, few could have predicted that it would attract as much attention as it has today. It has spawned a veritable host of other cryptocurrencies, including ether on the upstart Ethereum network, which boasts smart contract functionality. The underlying blockchain technology has also attracted attention, with some within the blockchain community suggesting that it can solve such diverse problems as secured digital voting to tracking food provenance. In the legal context, blockchains have been envisaged as capable of revolutionising registries for assets ranging from land to intellectual property, modernising clearing and settlement, and even fundamentally transforming the contracting process. This article critically evaluates the popular claims surrounding the potential of blockchain technologies to disrupt the legal system by separating hype from fact.
Socio-demographic changes in age at first marriage in Malawi: evidence from Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data, 1992–2016
Authors: Baruwa Ololade Julius , Amoateng Acheampong Yaw , Biney Elizabeth
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to identify the social and demographic correlates of the trend in age at first marriage among women in Malawi, using Malawi Demographic and Health Survey data collected between 1992 and 2016. Employing Cox Proportional Hazard modelling, the results showed that the mean age at first marriage during the 18-year period remained constant at 17.4 years. Furthermore, across all the surveys, younger women married at an early age compared with their older counterparts. The results further showed that having no education, residing in the Northern region, working, belonging to the middle and rich wealth index categories, and belonging to Tumbuka, Lomwe, Yao, Ngoni and Amanganja/Anyanja ethnicities increased the risk of early marriage. The findings suggest that policies such as promoting access to education for women and enforcing the law that restricts the legal age at which a woman can marry (18 years) should be maintained and enforced in Malawi.
Informed choice in modern contraceptive method use: pattern and predictors among young women in India
Authors: Pradhan Manas Ranjan , Patel Surendra Kumar , Saraf Antim Alok
Published: December 2019

Research on informed choice in modern contraceptive method acceptance by young married women is pertinent in the broader context of individual freedom and reproductive rights, especially in countries where women continue to have limited control over their reproductive and contraceptive choices. This study in India asked: (1) is young married women’s acceptance of specific modern contraceptive methods an informed choice? and (2) what are the enablers and barriers to informed choice? The study used data for currently married women aged 15–24 (N= 20,752) from the fourth round of the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4) conducted in 2015–16. A Method Information Index (MII) was calculated as a measure of informed choice from the percentage of users who responded ‘yes’ to all three questions on: whether they were informed about methods other than the one they received, told about the method-specific side-effects, and advised what to do if they experienced side-effects. Binary logistic regression analysis was carried out to examine the adjusted effect of factors associated with the MII separately for female sterilization, the intrauterine device and the oral contraceptive pill, and a combined MII including all three methods plus injectables. One-fifth of the study women used any modern contraceptive method at the time of survey, of which only 36% had fully informed choice. The likelihood of being informed about the methods was significantly higher among those using the oral contraceptive pill (OR: 1.75, CI 1.58–1.94), IUD (OR: 2.23, CI 1.97–2.52) and injectables (OR: 1.37, CI 0.97–1.94) compared with those who were sterilized. Informed choice varied by region and the socioeconomic profile of the users. Inadequately informed choice violates the reproductive rights of young women and might result in higher post-use health problems, discontinuation of and unmet need for contraceptives, unintended pregnancies, induced abortions and regret, adversely affecting women’s health. Training of health/family planning workers in India about the importance of reproductive rights is urgently required to enhance informed contraceptive choice and improve the health of young married women.
Dr. Eureka: a humanoid robot manipulation case study
Authors: Yu-Ren Lin , Galelli Christmann Guilherme Henrique , Grando Ricardo Bedin , Da Silva Guerra Rodrigo , Baltes Jacky
Published: December 2019

To this day, manipulation still stands as one of the hardest challenges in robotics. In this work, we examine the board game Dr. Eureka as a benchmark to encourage further development in the field. The game consists of a race to solve a manipulation puzzle: reordering colored balls in transparent tubes, in which the solution requires planning, dexterity and agility. In this work, we present a robot (Tactical Hazardous Operations Robot 3) that can solve this problem, nicely integrating several classical and state-of-the-art techniques. We represent the puzzle states as graph and solve it as a shortest path problem, in addition to applying computer vision combined with precise motions to perform the manipulation. In this paper, we also present a customized implementation of YOLO (called YOLO-Dr. Eureka) and we implement an original neural network (NN)-based incremental solution to the inverse kinematics problem. We show that this NN outperforms the inverse of the Jacobian method for large step sizes. Albeit requiring more computation per control cycle, the larger steps allow for much larger movements per cycle. To evaluate the experiment, we perform trials against a human using the same set of initial conditions.
Substantial Increases in Eastern Amazon and Cerrado Biomass Burning‐Sourced Tropospheric Ozone
Authors: Pope Richard J. , Arnold Stephen R. , Chipperfield Martyn P. , Reddington Carly L. S. , Butt Edward W. , Keslake Tim D. , Feng Wuhu , Latter Barry G. , Kerridge Brian J. , Siddans Richard , Rizzo Luciana , Artaxo Paulo , Sadiq Mehliyar , Tai Amos P. K.
Published: December 2019

The decline in Amazonian deforestation rates and biomass burning activity (2001–2012) has been shown to reduce air pollutant emissions (e.g., aerosols) and improve regional air quality. However, in the Cerrado region (savannah grasslands in northeastern Brazil), satellite observations reveal increases in fire activity and tropospheric column nitrogen dioxide (an ozone precursor) during the burning season (August‐October, 2005–2016), which have partially offset these air quality benefits. Simulations from a 3‐D global chemistry transport model (CTM) capture this increase in NO2 with a surface increase of ~1 ppbv per decade. As there are limited long‐term observational tropospheric ozone records, we utilize the well‐evaluated CTM to investigate changes in ozone. Here, the CTM suggests that Cerrado region surface ozone is increasing by ~10 ppbv per decade. If left unmitigated, these positive fire‐sourced ozone trends will substantially increase the regional health risks and impacts from expected future enhancements in South American biomass burning activity under climate change.
Earthquake Depth Phase Extraction With P Wave Autocorrelation Provides Insight Into Mechanisms of Intermediate‐Depth Earthquakes
Authors: Fang Hongjian , van der Hilst Robert D.
Published: December 2019

Constraining the mechanism of earthquakes in subduction zones requires adequate estimates of source location and near‐source elastic properties. In this study, we propose a
wave autocorrelation‐based method to extract depth phase energy from teleseismic earthquakes with moment magnitude down to 4.0. We apply the method to improve location estimates of intermediate‐depth earthquakes in the Japan and northern Chile subduction zones, which represent so‐called cold and warm slabs, respectively, and which are both marked by double seismic zones. A positive correlation of slab age and double‐seismic‐zone width validates a thermally controlled model of slab morphology. The negative to normal differential times (and, thus, low or normal Vp/Vs) of the deep parts of the double seismic zones suggest that the intermediate‐depth earthquakes considered here are not due to dehydration.
Variability of Millennial‐Scale Trends in the Geomagnetic Axial Dipole
Authors: Buffett B. , Davis W. , Avery M. S.
Published: December 2019

The historical trend in the axial dipole is sufficient to reverse the field in less than 2 kyr. Assessing the prospect of an imminent polarity reversal depends on the probability of sustaining the historical trend for long enough to produce a reversal. We use a stochastic model to predict the variability of trends for arbitrary time windows. Our predictions agree well with the trends computed from paleomagnetic models. Applying these predictions to the historical record shows that the current trend is likely due to natural variability. Furthermore, an extrapolation of the current trend for the next 1 to 2 kyr is highly unlikely. Instead, we compute the trend and time window needed to reverse the field with a specified probability. We find that the dipole could reverse in the next 20 kyr with a probability of 2%.
A Third Generation Field‐Aligned Current Model
Authors: Edwards Thom R. , Weimer D. R. , Olsen Nils , Lühr Hermann , Tobiska W. K. , Anderson B. J.
Published: December 2019

A new empirical model of field‐aligned currents in the Earth's ionosphere has been developed. This model is derived using magnetometer data from the CHAallenging Minisatellite Payload, Ø rsted, and Swarm satellite missions, which has created a database that spans more than 15 years. These data have been associated with solar wind conditions using the Advanced Composition Explorer satellite, as well as the
,
,
, and
solar indices. With the wealth of data and associated driving conditions, this model has been developed to reproduce field‐aligned current maps of the ionosphere based on solar wind electric field, interplanetary magnetic field clock angle, dipole tilt angle, solar index, and geographic hemisphere. This model was constructed using a series of spherical cap harmonic analysis fits based on small selections of the overall database. The coefficients of these fits were then used to develop a model that would reproduce these coefficients based on the previously described driving conditions. One of the most notable improvements demonstrated by this model is the ability to show distinct current regions in the ionosphere, particularly with respect to Region 0 currents during northward
and highly positive or negative
.
Ultrathin perpendicular magnetic anisotropy CoFeB free layers for highly efficient, high speed writing in spin-transfer-torque magnetic random access memory
Authors: Iwata-Harms Jodi M. , Jan Guenole , Serrano-Guisan Santiago , Thomas Luc , Liu Huanlong , Zhu Jian , Lee Yuan-Jen , Le Son , Tong Ru-Ying , Patel Sahil , Sundar Vignesh , Shen Dongna , Yang Yi , He Renren , Haq Jesmin , Teng Zhongjian , Lam Vinh , Liu Paul , Wang Yu-Jen , Zhong Tom , Fukuzawa Hideaki , Wang Po-Kang
Published: December 2019

Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) ferromagnetic CoFeB with dual MgO interfaces is an attractive material system for realizing magnetic memory applications that require highly efficient, high speed current-induced magnetic switching. Using this structure, a sub-nanometer CoFeB layer has the potential to simultaneously exhibit efficient, high speed switching in accordance with the conservation of spin angular momentum, and high thermal stability owing to the enhanced interfacial PMA that arises from the two CoFeB-MgO interfaces. However, the difficulty in attaining PMA in ultrathin CoFeB layers has imposed the use of thicker CoFeB layers which are incompatible with high speed requirements. In this work, we succeeded in depositing a functional CoFeB layer as thin as five monolayers between two MgO interfaces using magnetron sputtering. Remarkably, the insertion of Mg within the CoFeB gave rise to an ultrathin CoFeB layer with large anisotropy, high saturation magnetization, and good annealing stability to temperatures upwards of 400 °C. When combined with a low resistance-area product MgO tunnel barrier, ultrathin CoFeB magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) demonstrate switching voltages below 500 mV at speeds as fast as 1 ns in 30 nm devices, thus opening a new realm of high speed and highly efficient nonvolatile memory applications.
Author Correction: Integrating multi-platform genomic datasets for kidney renal clear cell carcinoma subtyping using stacked denoising autoencoders
Authors: Gu Tongjun , Zhao Xiwu
Published: December 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Development of new microalgae-based sourdough “crostini”: functional effects of Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) addition
Authors: Niccolai Alberto , Venturi Manuel , Galli Viola , Pini Niccolò , Rodolfi Liliana , Biondi Natascia , D’Ottavio Massimo , Batista Ana Paula , Raymundo Anabela , Granchi Lisa , Tredici Mario R.
Published: December 2019

The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of Arthrospira platensis F&M-C256 (spirulina) incorporation on the nutritional and functional properties of “crostini”, a leavened bakery product largely consumed in Italy and Europe. Sourdough was used as leavening and fermentation agent and three concentrations of A. platensis F&M-C256 were tested: 2%, 6% and 10% (w/w). Despite a lower volume increase compared to the control, the A. platensis F&M-C256 “crostini” doughs reached a technological appropriate volume after fermentation. At the end of fermentation, no significant differences in microorganisms concentrations were observed. A. platensis F&M-C256 “crostini” showed higher protein content compared to the control. Considering the European Commission Regulation on nutritional claims, “crostini” incorporated with 6% and 10% biomass can be claimed to be a “source of protein”. Six and ten percent A. platensis “crostini” also presented significantly higher antioxidant capacity and phenolics. A significantly lower value of in vitro dry matter and protein digestibility between A. platensis F&M-C256 “crostini” and the control was found. The overall acceptability decreased with increasing A. platensis F&M-C256 addition. The combination of spirulina biomass addition and the sourdough technology led to the development of a novel microalgae-based bakery product with nutritional and functional features.
Cell adhesion to collagen promotes leukemia resistance to doxorubicin by reducing DNA damage through the inhibition of Rac1 activation
Authors: Naci Dalila , Berrazouane Sofiane , Barabé Frédéric , Aoudjit Fawzi
Published: December 2019

Chemoresistance is a major hurdle in anti-cancer therapy. Growing evidence indicates that integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix plays a major role in chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. We have previously shown that the collagen-binding integrin α2β1 promoted doxorubicin resistance in acute T cell lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). In this study, we found that acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines also express α2β1 integrin and collagen promoted their chemoresistance as well. Furthermore, we found that high levels of α2 integrin correlate with worse overall survival in AML. Our results showed that doxorubicin-induced apoptosis in leukemic cells is associated with activation of Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (Rac1) and that collagen inhibited this pathway. The protective effect of collagen is associated with the inhibition of Rac1-induced DNA damage as evaluated by the comet assay and the phosphorylated levels of histone H2AX (γ-H2AX). Together these results show that by inhibiting pro-apoptotic Rac1, α2β1 integrin can be a major pathway protecting leukemic cells from genotoxic agents and may thus represent an important therapeutic target in anti-cancer treatment.
Peptide-based short single β-strand mimics without hydrogen bonding or aggregation
Authors: Zhai Luhan , Otani Yuko , Hori Yukiko , Tomita Taisuke , Ohwada Tomohiko
Published: December 2019

Both (R- and S-) enantiomers of the bridgehead-substituted β-proline analogue (i.e., 7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2-carboxylic acid or Abh amino acid (Abh-AA)) can work as a new scaffold for single β-strand enforcement and propagation.
Step-wise functionalization of polysiloxane towards a versatile dual-response fluorescent probe and elastomer for the detection of H2S in two-photon and NO in near-infrared modes
Authors: Zuo Yujing , Wang Xiaoni , Gou Zhiming , Lin Weiying
Published: December 2019

We present a new approach to construct a dual response fluorescent probe by step-wise functionalization of polysiloxanes.
Rapid and accurate molecular deprotonation energies from quantum alchemy
Authors: von Rudorff Guido Falk , von Lilienfeld O. Anatole
Published: December 2019

Deprotonation energies calculated from alchemical electron density derivatives.
An efficient way for theN-formylation of amines by inorganic-ligand supported iron catalysis
Authors: Wu Zhikang , Zhai Yongyan , Zhao Wenshu , Wei Zheyu , Yu Han , Han Sheng , Wei Yongge
Published: December 2019

A green and highly efficientN-formylation of amines using formic acid as the acylating agent by iron catalysis with excellent selectivity and yields.
Concise synthesis of sulfoquinovose and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerides, and development of a fluorogenic substrate for sulfoquinovosidases
Authors: Zhang Yunyang , Mui Janice W.-Y. , Arumaperuma Thimali , Lingford James P. , Goddard-Borger Ethan D. , White Jonathan M. , Williams Spencer J.
Published: December 2019

A new and efficient synthesis of sulfoquinovose [including (13C6)-SQ] and of saturated and unsaturated sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol derivatives, and development of a fluorogenic glycoside useful for kinetic investigations on sulfoquinovosidases.
Adolescent Students Who Stutter: A Qualitative Exploration of School Experiences
Authors: Cobb Tiffany R. , Daniels Derek E. , Panico James
Published: December 2019

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to explore the ways in which adolescent students who stutter perceive their school experiences.

Method

This study used a qualitative, phenomenological research design. Semistructured interviews were conducted with 7 adolescent students who stutter (3 in middle school and 4 in high school). Participants were interviewed about their school experiences, including the effects of stuttering on academics, learning, teacher relationships, peer relationships, speech therapy experiences, and self-image. Data analysis consisted of transcribing interviews and analyzing them for emerging themes.

Results

Findings revealed that participants described a variety of experiences around the school setting. Participants reported less favorable middle school experiences. Middle school participants reflected more on teasing, bullying, and feelings of embarrassment, whereas high school participants revealed that teachers, staff, and peers were receptive and accepting of them and their stuttering. All participants reported that their speech therapy helped with classroom participation.

Conclusions

As a result of the participants' varied experiences, it is important to listen to and incorporate the voices of students who stutter into school, classroom, and therapy decision-making practices.
Dust in brown dwarfs and extra-solar planets
Authors: Woitke Peter , Helling Christiane , Gunn Ophelia
Published: December 2019

The precipitation of cloud particles in brown dwarf and exoplanet atmospheres establishes an ongoing downward flux of condensable elements. To understand the efficiency of cloud formation, it is therefore crucial to identify and quantify the replenishment mechanism that is able to compensate for these local losses of condensable elements in the upper atmosphere, and to keep the extrasolar weather cycle running. In this paper, we introduce a new cloud formation model by combining the cloud particle moment method we described previously with a diffusive mixing approach, taking into account turbulent mixing and gas-kinetic diffusion for both gas and cloud particles. The equations are of diffusion-reaction type and are solved time-dependently for a prescribed 1D atmospheric structure, until the model has relaxed toward a time-independent solution. In comparison to our previous models, the new hot-Jupiter model results (Teff≈ 2000 K, logg= 3) show fewer but larger cloud particles that are more concentrated towards the cloud base. The abundances of condensable elements in the gas phase are featured by a steep decline above the cloud base, followed by a shallower, monotonous decrease towards a plateau, the level of which depends on temperature. The chemical composition of the cloud particles also differs significantly from our previous models. Through the condensation of specific condensates such as Mg2SiO4[s] in deeper layers, certain elements, such as Mg, are almost entirely removed early from the gas phase. This leads to unusual (and non-solar) element ratios in higher atmospheric layers, which then favours the formation of SiO[s] and SiO2[s], for example, rather than MgSiO3[s]. These condensates are not expected in phase-equilibrium models that start from solar abundances. Above the main silicate cloud layer, which is enriched with iron and metal oxides, we find a second cloud layer made of Na2S[s] particles in cooler models (Teff⪅ 1400 K).
Mathematical modeling of frontal polymerization
Authors: Pojman John A.
Published: December 2019

Frontal polymerization is way to convert liquid resin into a solid material with a self-propagating reaction. The reaction spreads like a flame from the heat of the reaction that diffuses into neighboring regions, starting more reaction. The frontal velocity has been accurately modeled for free-radical polymerization systems. The dynamics of fronts have been studied theoretically and experimentally. If the viscosity of the initial medium is low, then fronts can become unstable due to buoyancy-driven convection. A fascinating aspect of frontal polymerization is that fronts often do not propagate as a plane waves but exhibit complex modes such as “spin modes” and chaos. The kinetics of the polymerization significantly affects the onset of these modes. Multifunctional acrylates exhibit more complex dynamics than monoacrylates. Using multifunctional acrylates and inorganic fillers, 3P LLC created “cure-on demand” systems that do not require mixing before use, have a long shelf life and can be hardened in seconds to minutes. We consider two commercial products using frontal polymerization. The first is a wood filler that can be applied to a damaged section of wood and hardened in a few seconds by the application of heat to the surface. The second product is QuickCure Clay (QCC). QCC has an unlimited working time during which it can be sculpted. QCC is then cured by heating part of the object to 100 °C, setting off the propagating curing front. The modeling of frontal polymerization helped guide the development of these products.
Former ensemble doctorants et encadrants à l’Inra, un institut de recherche pluridisciplinaire et finalisé
Authors: Girard Nathalie , Aubin-Houzelstein Geneviève , Broussolle Véronique , Chelle Michaël , Garcia Frédérick , Fortun-Lamothe Laurence , Lutton Évelyne , Santé Arielle
Published: December 2019

L’encadrement de doctorants est un processus complexe où activité de recherche, connaissances et individus sont étroitement liés dans un système d’interaction évolutif entre doctorant et encadrant(s). Nous décrivons ici le dispositif EDEN (École des doctorants et encadrants de l’Inra) de l’Inra (Institut national de la recherche agronomique) qui a l’originalité de s’adresser aux binômes doctorant-encadrant(s). Partant de nos objectifs de formation et de notre posture pédagogique d’accompagnement de la réflexivité du binôme, nous présentons le dispositif EDEN et en dressons un bilan après six années d’activité.
Vom Regen in die Traufe?
Authors: Grohnert Ursula
Published: December 2019

Eine Hysterektomie, die Entfernung der Gebärmutter, ist auf verschiedene Weise möglich und wird meist aufgrund gutartiger Tumoren oder schwerwiegender Menstruationsbeschwerden durchgeführt. Über myofasziale Ketten wirkt sich eine OP-bedingte reduzierte Motilität der Beckenstrukturen auf den ganzen Körper bis hin zur Schädelbasis aus. Im Fallbespiel führte eine Hysterektomie zu verschiedenen Bewegungsblockaden einschließlich starken HWS- und Schulterschmerzen, die jedoch durch osteopathische Techniken in Verbindung mit Atemtherapie innerhalb weniger Termine gelöst werden konnten.
Fuß quält ISG
Authors: Núñez Karg Martin
Published: December 2019

Summary: Bei der Kompensation von Fehlstellungen der Körperstatik arbeiten Fuß und Kniegelenk zusammen. Als Folge der Kompensation können sie Dysfunktionen entwickeln, die wiederum zu Symptomen im Becken führen können. Für die Untersuchung von ISG-Beschwerden sind vor allem dynamische Bewegungstests wie die Gangbildanalyse, orthopädische Tests wie der Vorlauftest und passive Gelenktests wie die des Talus in verschiedene Richtungen entscheidend. Das vorliegende Fallbeispiel gibt neben der Diagnostik einen Ausblick auf die therapeutischen Möglichkeiten bei ISG-Beschwerden. Hier lassen sich Osteopathie und Chiropraktik zum Beispiel mit Injektionen und Schröpfmassagen etc. kombinieren.
Optimierte Shuntvenenreifung durch provisorisches ePTFE-Interponat
Authors: Krönung Gerhard
Published: December 2019

Die Beachtung und der Einsatz der Dynamik und der Regeln des Remodelings der Shuntvenen und Shuntarterien liefern wesentliche Orientierungspunkte für eine erfolgreiche Shuntchirurgie.
Detektion und Differenzialdiagnose des ANV in der Intensivmedizin
Authors: Jahn Michael , Boss Kristina , Kribben Andreas
Published: December 2019

Das akute Nierenversagen (ANV) in der Intensivmedizin ist typischerweise die Folge einer schweren Minderperfusion der Nieren, welche nach Ereignissen wie Sepsis, Trauma oder großen Operationen auftritt. Davon abzugrenzen sind seltenere ANV-Formen wie Glomerulonephritiden, interstitielle Nephritiden oder thrombotische Mikroangiopathien, für die es spezifische Therapieoptionen gibt. Abhängig von der Komorbidität des Patienten, geht das Krankheitsbild zumeist mit multiplen Organdysfunktionen einher und zeigt komplikationsreiche Verläufe mit einer hohen Mortalität. Der Einsatz neuer Biomarker ermöglicht ein früheres und sensitiveres Erkennen einer Nierenfunktionsstörung und/oder einer Nierenschädigung. Für die ANV-Diagnose gilt jedoch weiterhin die etablierte Definition nach den KDIGO-Kriterien.
Telemonitoring bei Herzinsuffizienz
Authors: Stegmann Clara , Hindricks Gerhard
Published: December 2019

Durch Telemonitoring gelingt eine Erfassung, Übertragung und Analyse von Vitalparametern. Speziell bei Patienten mit Herzinsuffizienz kann dadurch eine zeitnahe, leitliniengerechte Anpassung der Therapie erfolgen und einer eventuell notwendigen Hospitalisierung entgegengesteuert werden. Nach aktueller Studienlage ist neben einer signifikanten Reduktion der Letalität zudem eine Verbesserung der Lebensqualität bei diesen Patienten möglich. Telemonitoring kann des Weiteren bei immobilen Patienten oder in ländlichen Gebieten ein ergänzendes Verfahren zur optimalen Behandlung darstellen. Regelmäßige ärztliche Vorstellungen sollten auf diese Weise jedoch nicht ersetzt werden.
Frauenpflanze, Zauberkraut
Authors: Stern Cornelia
Published: December 2019

Der Gemeine Beifuß (Artemisia vulgaris L.) findet sich als Zaubermittel in Legenden und als Frauenpflanze in zahlreichen Darreichungsformen.
Ein Plädoyer für die Ernährungstherapie
Authors: Helmut Nussbaumer , Markus Braun , Braun Martin
Published: December 2019

Die Perspektive, den insulinresistenten Typ-2-Diabetes in die Remission zu bringen und die Medikamentendosis deutlich zu senken bzw. die Arznei ganz abzusetzen (Ausnahme: ggf. Metformin), kann auf Betroffene stark motivierend wirken, ihr bisheriges Essverhalten zu ändern. Wo früher die Kohlenhydrat-Aufnahme-Empfehlung begann, nämlich bei 45 Energieprozent, wird aktuell zumeist ein Aufnahmestopp angeraten (26–45 Energieprozent). Durch diese Intervention gelingt eine kausale Behandlung hoher postprandialer Blutzuckerwerte. Allerdings gibt es auch Lebensumstände, wie Stress, Einsamkeit oder Depressionen, die eine Ernährungsintervention erschweren. Klienten erwarten in der Ernährungsberatung verschiedene Optionen, Entscheidungsfreiheit sowie Mitspracherecht und nicht, dass ihnen gesagt wird, was sie zu tun und zu lassen haben. Essempfehlungen für Menschen mit insulinresistentem Diabetes sollten von Expertinnen und Experten stammen, die auch reichlich Erfahrung in der ernährungsmedizinischen Betreuung dieser Zielgruppe vorweisen können. Veranlassen Sie Ihre Patienten selbst zu beurteilen, ob ihnen diese hier beschriebene Behandlungsoption der individuell angepassten Kohlenhydratreduktion guttut.
Arbeitsbedingte Beschwerden und Erkrankungen in der Physiotherapie
Authors: Stoll Sophie
Published: December 2019

Das berufsbedingte Risiko von Physiotherapeuten für Arbeitsunfähigkeit und Berufskrankheit ist hoch. Die vorliegende Arbeit ermittelte die dafür ursächlichen arbeitsbedingten Beschwerden und Erkrankungen mithilfe eines Fragebogens und untersuchte diese anschließend in Bezug auf unterschiedliche personenbezogene Faktoren.

Der Großteil der Physiotherapeuten leidet signifikant am häufigsten unter muskuloskelettalen Beschwerden. Die hauptsächlich betroffenen Regionen sind Hände und Finger. Als Hauptauslöser nannten die Befragten den häufigen Gebrauch von manuellen Techniken. Zudem scheinen muskuloskelettale Beschwerden in engem Zusammenhang mit psychosozialen Problemen zu stehen.

Risikofaktoren für arbeitsbedingte Beschwerden und Erkrankungen sind Geschlecht, Fachbereich und physiotherapeutische Taktung.
Die westliche Schulmedizin ist eine von mehreren Perspektiven
Authors: Irnich Dominik
Published: December 2019

Ton Nicolai schloss 1972 sein Medizinstudium ab und arbeitetezunächst als Allgemeinarzt. Da er mit den Einschränkungender konventionellen Medizin unzufrieden war, beganner verschiedene Verfahren der Komplementär- undAlternativmedizin (CAM) zustudieren, darunter Homöopathie,Akupunktur, manuelle Therapie und Naturheilkunde,und praktizierte dann 35 Jahre lang als Arzt mitSchwerpunktHomöopathie.

Nicolai war im Vorstand nationaler und internationaler Verbändetätig sowie Mitgründer des EuropäischenKomiteesfür Homöopathie (ECH), dessen Präsident er 12 Jahre war.In den letzten sechs Jahren war er Sprecher/KoordinatorvonEUROCAM, der europäischen Stiftung, die Patientenund Angehörige der Gesundheitsberufe (Ärzte, Tierärzteund Praktiker) im CAM-Sektorvertritt. Im September 2019wurde er zum Generalsekretär befördert.

Nicolai ist Autor unzähliger Berichte und PositionspapiereundMitautor verschiedenster wissenschaftlicher Veröffentlichungen.Er erhielt mehrere Auszeichnungen für seineinternationale Arbeit undwurde im Auftrag der Königin derNiederlande Träger des Ordens von Oranien-Nassau.
Selbstverständnis der klassischen Naturheilverfahren
Authors: Stange Rainer
Published: December 2019

Die klassischen Naturheilverfahren betrachten sich alsfester Bestandteil der Medizin: Sie werden im Medizinstudiumals prüfungsrelevantes Wissen angeführt undzusätzlich als ärztlicheWeiterbildung für die Zusatzbezeichnung „Naturheilverfahren“ angeboten. Es handeltsich um einetraditionsreiche, gut regulierte und erfolgreicheärztliche Spezialisierung. Vermutlich hält sie aucheiner kritischen Überprüfung stand, diese wird allerdingskaum angestrengt.Vor dem Hintergrundverschiedener, pragmatisch geprägterund nicht ausdiskutierter Begrifflichkeiten wieKomplementärmedizin lässt sich konstatieren: Naturheilverfahrenverstehen sich explizit durch dieTherapieauswahlkriterienwie beanspruchte Wirkmechanismen undnicht relational zu einer wieauch immer gewähntenMainstream-Medizin.
3D printing of fillable individual thyroid replicas based on nuclear medicine DICOM data used as phantoms for gamma probe calibration
Authors: Kühnel Christian , Seifert Philipp , Mulik Christina , Winkens Thomas , Freesmeyer Martin
Published: December 2019

Aim To proof the feasibility of manufacturing patient-indivdual (anthropomorphic) thyroid replicas from I-124 PET DICOM datasets by means of 3D printing. A possible field of application is the use of those phantoms for the calibration of gamma probes.

Methods After editing of the DICOM datasets using several software types and transferring into a dedicated stereolithography format, 10 fillable thyroid replicas (35–200 mL) made of polylactide acid were manufactured via 3D printing. All replicas were filled with a water-solution containing 3.5 MBq I-131 and applied to a standard neck phantom. Calibration factor measurements were carried out using a clinical gamma probe. Measurements were performed with three different tilts: + 15°, 0° and –15°. The influence of the replicas’ volume and the tilt was investigated.

Results Manufacturing of the replicas was successful in all cases. The time required for data processing was 13 ± 2 (median: 12, range: 9–25) min and 4–11 h for 3D printing (size-dependent). The printing process could be done overnight. Measured mean calibration factor for straight gamma probe positioning (0° tilt) was 31 965 ± 3360 (33 893, 25 470–34 253) cpm/MBq. A tilt of –15° resulted in lower calibration factors (–7.7 %), whereas a tilt of + 15° led to higher values (+ 9.5 %); p = 0.001. The calibration factors were highly inversely proportional correlated to the volume of the replicas (r = –0.91, p < 0.001).

Conclusion 3D printing of patient-individual (anthropomorphic) fillable thyroid replicas was feasable for a large range of volumes. The study demonstrates the influence of the volume as well as the tilt of the measured object for calibration factor measurements with gamma probes.
Winterzeit ist Grippezeit
Authors: Albers Bettina
Published: December 2019

Sie gilt als schwere Atemwegserkrankung und ist ansteckend: die Grippe (Influenza). Ältere, aber auch chronisch kranke Menschen sind besonders gefährdet, sich zu infizieren. Außerdem kann die Grippe bei ihnen einen schwerwiegenderen Verlauf nehmen. Das gilt auch für chronisch nierenkranke Menschen. Die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Nephrologie (DGfN), die größte Fachgesellschaft der Nierenärzte in Deutschland, rät Patienten, sich möglichst schon im Oktober oder November beim Haus- oder Facharzt gegen Grippe impfen zu lassen. Aber auch später im Winter macht eine Impfung noch Sinn.
Nickel versus Palladium in Cross-Coupling Catalysis: On the Role of Substrate Coordination to Zerovalent Metal Complexes
Authors: Cooper Alasdair K. , Burton Paul M. , Nelson David J.
Published: December 2019

A detailed comparison of the effect of coordinating functional groups on the performance of Suzuki–Miyaura reactions catalysed by nickel and palladium is reported, using competition experiments, robustness screening, and density functional theory calculations. Nickel can interact with a variety of functional groups, which manifests as selectivity in competitive cross-coupling reactions. The presence of these functional groups on exogenous additives has effects on cross-coupling reactions that range from a slight improvement in yield to the complete cessation of the reaction. In contrast, palladium does not interact sufficiently strongly with these functional groups to induce selectivity in cross-coupling reactions; the selectivity of palladium-catalysed cross-coupling reactions is predominantly governed by aryl halide electronic properties.
Panorama da infiltração para ombro doloroso entre especialistas em ombro
Authors: Lara Paulo Henrique Schmidt , Pereira Vitor Luis , Júnior Ronaldo Roncetti , Ribeiro Leandro Masini , Ejnisman Benno , Belangero Paulo Santoro
Published: December 2019

Objetivo Avaliar como especialistas de ombro têm utilizado a infiltração na sua prática diária.

Métodos Estudo tipo survey interseccional em tempo único, no qual especialistas em ombro e cotovelo responderam a um questionário sobre o uso de infiltrações no ombro doloroso.

Resultados A maior parte (45,9%) dos entrevistados possui experiência > 10 anos na área e realizaram até 10 infiltrações nos últimos 12 meses. As principais indicações para infiltração glenoumeral e subacromial são artrose glenoumeral e tendinopatia do manguito rotador, respectivamente. Os portais mais utilizados são o posterior (52,2%) para infiltração glenoumeral e o lateral (57,5%) na subacromial. A maioria (75,2%) dos entrevistados realiza a infiltração ambulatorialmente sem auxílio de métodos de imagem, e a droga mais utilizada é a combinação de corticoide e anestésico. A principal contraindicação citada é a presença de diabetes, e a complicação mais comum é a dor após a infiltração.

Conclusão Infiltrações subacromiais são indicadas especialmente para tratamento de tendinopatias do manguito e bursites, realizadas pelo portal lateral, em ambiente ambulatorial, com baixo índice de complicações em longo prazo. As infiltrações glenoumerais são indicadas especialmente para artrose glenoumeral, com combinação de corticoide e anestésico, realizadas, em sua maioria, ambulatorialmente.