bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro membrane protein synthesis inside Sec translocon-reconstituted cell-sized liposomes
Authors: Ohta Naoki , Kato Yasuhiko , Watanabe Hajime , Mori Hirotada , Matsuura Tomoaki
Published: November 2016

Protein synthesis using an in vitro transcription-translation system (IVTT) inside cell-sized liposomes has become a valuable tool to study the properties of biological systems under cell-mimicking conditions. However, previous liposome systems lacked the machinery for membrane protein translocation. Here, we reconstituted the translocon consisting of SecYEG from Escherichia coli inside cell-sized liposomes. The cell-sized liposomes also carry the reconstituted IVTT, thereby providing a cell-mimicking environment for membrane protein synthesis. By using EmrE, a multidrug transporter from E. coli, as a model membrane protein, we found that both the amount and activity of EmrE synthesized inside the liposome is increased approximately three-fold by incorporating the Sec translocon. The topological change of EmrE induced by the translocon was also identified. The membrane integration of 6 out of 9 E. coli inner membrane proteins that was tested was increased by incorporation of the translocon. By introducing the Sec translocon, the membrane integration efficiency of the membrane protein of interest was increased, and enabled the integration of membrane proteins that otherwise cannot be inserted. In addition, this work represents an essential step toward the construction of an artificial cell through a bottom-up approach.
How many papillomavirus species can go undetected in papilloma lesions?
Authors: Daudt Cíntia , da Silva Flavio R. C. , Streck André F. , Weber Matheus N. , Mayer Fabiana Q. , Cibulski Samuel P. , Canal Cláudio W.
Published: November 2016

A co-infection comprising to at least seven papillomavirus (PV) types was detected by next generation sequencing (NGS) of randomly primed rolling circle amplification (RCA) products of a bovine (Bos taurus) papilloma lesion from the Brazilian Amazon region. Six putative new PV types that could not be detected by commonly used PCR protocols were identified. Their overall L1 nucleotide identities were less than 90% compared to described PV species and types. L1 nucleotide BLAST sequence hits showed that each new type was related to Beta, Gamma, Dyokappa, Dyoeta, and Xipapillomavirus, as well as two likely new unclassified genera. Our results show that the employment of NGS is relevant to the detection and characterization of distantly related PV and is of major importance in co-infection studies. This knowledge will help us understand the biology and pathogenesis of PV, as well as contribute to disease control. Moreover, we can also conclude that there are many unknown circulating PVs.
Few Ramachandran Angle Changes Provide Interaction Strength Increase in Aβ42 versus Aβ40 Amyloid Fibrils
Authors: Bastidas Oscar H. , Green Benjamin , Sprague Mary , Peters Michael H.
Published: November 2016

The pathology of Alzheimer’s disease can ultimately be traced to the increased aggregation stability of Aβ42 peptides which possess two extra residues (Ile 41 & Ala 42) that the non-pathological strain (Aβ40) lacks. We have found Aβ42 fibrils to exhibit stronger energies in inter-chain interactions and we have also identified the cause for this increase to be the result of different Ramachandran angle values in certain residues of the Aβ42 strain compared to Aβ40. These unique angle configurations result in the peptide planes in the fibril structures to be more vertical along the fibril axis for Aβ42 which thus reduces the inter-atomic distance between interacting atoms on vicinal peptide chains thereby increasing the electrostatic interaction energies. We lastly postulate that these different Ramachandran angle values could possibly be traced to the unique conformational folding avenues sampled by the Aβ42 peptide owing to the presence of its two extra residues.
Streptavidin-triggered signal amplified fluorescence polarization for analysis of DNA–protein interactions
Authors: Choi Jae-Won , Jo Byung-Gwan , deMello Andrew J. , Choo Jaebum , Kim Hak Yong
Published: November 2016

Herein, we describe a new FP (fluorescence polarization) strategy based on the use of streptavidin as a signal amplifier.
Excitation–emission matrix fluorescence spectroscopy combined with MCR-ALS as a tool for the forensic analysis of similar and dissimilar sets of textile fiber extracts
Authors: Campiglia Andres D. , Rex Mattew , Muñoz de la Peña Arsenio , Goicoechea Hector C.
Published: November 2016

Trace textile fiber evidence is found at numerous crime scenes and plays an important role in linking a suspect to the respective scene.
Blocking the formation of fluorescent poly(thymine)-templated copper nanoparticles for label-free and sensitive detection of kojic acid in foodstuffs
Authors: Wang Hai-Bo , Chen Ying , Li Yang , Liu Yan-Ming
Published: November 2016

A novel sensor was developed for the detection of kojic acid by blocking the formation of fluorescent poly T-templated Cu NPs.
Bio-inspired engineering proteinosomes with a cell-wall-like protective shell by self-assembly of a metal-chelated complex
Authors: Su Dongyue , Liu Xiaoman , Wang Lei , Ma Chao , Xie Hui , Zhang Hao , Meng Xianghe , Huang Yudong , Huang Xin
Published: November 2016

A cell-wall-like shell is constructed around proteinosomes with enhanced structural stability, EDTA-mediated release and electrostatic gated enzyme activity.
Boryl substituted group 13 metallylenes: complexes with an iron carbonyl fragment
Authors: Dange Deepak , Sindlinger Christian P. , Aldridge Simon , Jones Cameron
Published: November 2016

The first examples of boryl substituted aluminylene and gallylene complexes (see picture, DAB = {(C6H3Pri2-2,6)NCH}2) have been prepared by reduction of boryl-group 13 dihalide compounds with K2[Fe(CO)4].
Electrochemical-reaction-induced synaptic plasticity in MoOx-based solid state electrochemical cells
Authors: Yang Chuan-Sen , Shang Da-Shan , Chai Yi-Sheng , Yan Li-Qin , Shen Bao-Gen , Sun Young
Published: November 2016

Solid state electrochemical cells with synaptic functions have important applications in building smart-terminal networks.
Oxygen vacancy promoted methane partial oxidation over iron oxide oxygen carriers in the chemical looping process
Authors: Cheng Zhuo , Qin Lang , Guo Mengqing , Xu Mingyuan , Fan Jonathan A. , Fan Liang-Shih
Published: November 2016

We found that oxygen vacancies can promote CH4 partial oxidation on iron oxide oxygen carriers during the chemical looping process.
Light scattering study of the “pseudo-layer” compression elastic constant in a twist-bend nematic liquid crystal
Authors: Parsouzi Z. , Pardaev Shokir A. , Welch C. , Ahmed Z. , Mehl G. H. , Baldwin A. R. , Gleeson J. T. , Lavrentovich O. D. , Allender D. W. , Selinger J. V. , Jakli A. , Sprunt S.
Published: November 2016

The value and temperature dependence of the “pseudo-layer” compression modulus are reported for a twist-bend nematic liquid crystal.
Theoretical study on σ- and π-hole carbon⋯carbon bonding interactions: implications in CFC chemistry
Authors: Bauzá Antonio , Frontera Antonio
Published: November 2016

In this manuscript the ability of CO2and several CFCs to establish noncovalent carbon⋯carbon interactions with atmospheric gases CO, ethene and ethyne has been studied at the RI-MP2/def2-TZVPD level of theory.
Correction: Benchmark thermochemistry of chloramines, bromamines, and bromochloramines: halogen oxidants stabilized by electron correlation
Authors: Trogolo Daniela , Arey J. Samuel
Published: November 2016

Correction for 'Benchmark thermochemistry of chloramines, bromamines, and bromochloramines: halogen oxidants stabilized by electron correlation' by Daniela Trogolo et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2015, 17, 3584–3598.
Metal-complex chromophores for solar hydrogen generation
Authors: Yuan Yong-Jun , Yu Zhen-Tao , Chen Da-Qin , Zou Zhi-Gang
Published: November 2016

Photoactive metal-complexes with applications in solar energy harvesting have been receiving profound research interest. We present in this exciting area the recent development of metal-complex chromophores as sensitizers and supramolecular photocatalysts to facilitate the conversion of solar energy into chemical hydrogen fuel.
Mesoporous carbon nitrides: synthesis, functionalization, and applications
Authors: Lakhi Kripal S. , Park Dae-Hwan , Al-Bahily Khalid , Cha Wangsoo , Viswanathan Balasubramanian , Choy Jin-Ho , Vinu Ajayan
Published: November 2016

Mesoporous carbon nitrides (MCNs) with large surface areas and tuneable pore diameters are unique semiconducting materials and exhibit excellent physicochemical properties, which promote their application in diverse fields including photocatalysis, sensing, and energy storage and conversion.
Cr2(NCN)3, a ferromagnetic carbodiimide with an unusual two-step magnetic transition
Authors: Sterri Kjersti B. , Besson Claire , Houben Andreas , Jacobs Philipp , Hoelzel Markus , Dronskowski Richard
Published: November 2016

Crystallographic and magnetic characterization of a ferromagnetic transition-metal carbodiimide with an unusual two-step magnetic phase transition.
Estimating the energy of intramolecular hydrogen bonds from1H NMR and QTAIM calculations
Authors: Afonin Andrei V. , Vashchenko Alexander V. , Sigalov Mark V.
Published: November 2016

Novel equations have been derived for the assessment of the E intramolecular hydrogen bond energy based on the experimental1H NMR data and the calculated QTAIM topologicalVandρparameters of the hydrogen bond critical point.
Molecular binding behavior of water-soluble calix[4]arenes with asymmetric 4,4′-bipyridinium guests in aqueous solution: regioselective recognition or not?
Authors: Wang Kui , Cui Jian-Hua , Xing Si-Yang , Dou Hong-Xi
Published: November 2016

A unique regioselective recognition of N-methyl-N′-(naphthalen-2-ylmethyl)-4,4′-bipyridinium bromide iodide using a p-sulfonatocalix[4]arene was found.
Intramolecular cyclization of diarylmethanols and α,β-unsaturated amides promoted by KOt-Bu/DMF: a metal-free approach towards 3,4-disubstituted quinolinones
Authors: Chen Jia-hua , Chen Zi-cong , Zhao Hong , Zou Yong , Zhang Xue-jing , Yan Ming
Published: November 2016

A facile synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted quinolinones had been developed via KOt-Bu/DMF promoted intramolecular addition of diarylmethanols to α,β-unsaturated amides.
Expedited access to thieno[3,2-c]quinolin-4(5H)-ones and benzo[h]-1,6-naphthyridin-5(6H)-ones via a continuous flow photocyclization method
Authors: Fang Y. , Tranmer G. K.
Published: November 2016

Expedited access to substituted thieno[3,2-c]quinolin-4(5H)-ones and benzo[h]-1,6-naphthyridin-5(6H)-ones via a continuous flow photocyclization method.
Tuning quantum tunnelling of magnetization through 3d–4f magnetic interactions: an alternative approach for manipulating single-molecule magnetism
Authors: Li Jing , Wei Rong-Min , Pu Tian-Cheng , Cao Fan , Yang Li , Han Yuan , Zhang Yi-Quan , Zuo Jing-Lin , Song You
Published: November 2016

The quantum tunnelling of magnetization was observed in [Zn2Dy2], contrarily it was quenched in [Mn2Dy2] and [Co2Dy2] by spin–spin exchange.
A highly selective fluorescent nanoprobe based on AIE and ESIPT for imaging hydrogen sulfide in live cells and zebrafish
Authors: Zhang Peisheng , Nie Xuezheng , Gao Meng , Zeng Fang , Qin Anjun , Wu Shuizhu , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: November 2016

An AIE/ESIPT-based nanoprobe has been developed for the specific detection and imaging of H2Sin vitroandin vivo.
An effective route to β2-amino acid derivatives via Pd-catalyzed regioselective hydrocarboxylation of 1,2-disubstituted enimides
Authors: Dai Jie , Ren Wenlong , Chang Wenju , Zhang Ping , Shi Yian
Published: November 2016

An effective Pd(0)-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation of 1,2-disubstituted enimides with formic acid and HCOOPh is described.
Non-enzymatic electrochemical sensing platform based on metal complex immobilized carbon nanotubes for glucose determination
Authors: Sonkar Piyush Kumar , Ganesan Vellaichamy , John S. Abraham , Yadav Dharmendra Kumar , Gupta Rupali
Published: November 2016

Nickel salophen (where salophen isN,N′-bis(salicylidene)-1,2-phenylenediamine) is immobilized on multiwall carbon nanotubes. This new material is utilized for electrocatalytic oxidization and sensitive determination of glucose in human blood samples.
Functions of the Mg–HA coating on carbon/carbon composite surface to promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of mBMSCs
Authors: Xinbo Xiong , Xinye Ni , Dong Zhou
Published: November 2016

This study aims to evaluate the functions of the Mg–hydroxyapatite (Mg–HA) bio-coating on carbon/carbon composite (C/C) surface to promote the proliferation and osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cell (BMSCs).
Magnetic field induced push–pull motility of liquibots
Authors: Kumar Sunny , Ali Faridi Md Rashid , Dasmahapatra Ashok Kumar , Bandyopadhyay Dipankar
Published: November 2016

Self-propelling liquibots as transport and delivery vehicles.
Selective aliphatic/aromatic organogelation controlled by the side chain of serine amphiphiles
Authors: Ramos Jessica , Arufe Santiago , O'Flaherty Róisín , Rooney Denise , Moreira Ramon , Velasco-Torrijos Trinidad
Published: November 2016

Structural modifications in the side chain of N-Fmoc-l-serine amphiphiles induce the selective gelation of either aliphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon solvents.
Synthesis and gas transport properties of novel functional polyimide/ZnO nanocomposite thin film membranes
Authors: Ahmadizadegan Hashem
Published: November 2016

In this study, the synthesis, morphology, thermal properties and gas transport of new polyimide/ZnO nanohybrid films were investigated.
Poly(vinyl alcohol)/clay aerogel composites with enhanced flame retardancy
Authors: Shen Peng , Zhao Hai-Bo , Huang Wei , Chen Hong-Bing
Published: November 2016

The effect of pentaerythritol octahydrogen tetraphosphate (PEPA) on the microstructure and properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH)/clay aerogel composites was investigated.
High piezoelectric performance of lead-free BiFeO3–BaTiO3 thin films grown by a pulsed laser deposition method
Authors: Park Jinsu , Lee Myang Hwan , Kim Da Jeong , Kim Myong-Ho , Kim Won-Jeong , Do Dalhyun , Jeon Ji Hoon , Park Bae Ho , Song Tae Kwon
Published: November 2016

Lead-free (100 − x)BiFeO3–xBaTiO3 (BFBTx, x = 0, 30, 33, 40 and 50) piezoelectric thin films were deposited on platinized silicon substrates by using a pulsed laser deposition method.
Enhancement of reliability and stability for transparent amorphous indium-zinc-tin-oxide thin film transistors
Authors: Liu Po-Tsun , Chang Chih-Hsiang , Fuh Chur-Shyang
Published: November 2016

The influence of a backchannel passivation layer on the ambient stability of amorphous indium-zinc-tin-oxide thin-film transistors was studied. The ALD Al2O3 films and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposited SiO2 films were separately used as channel passivation layers.
Simple synthesis of MoO2/carbon aerogel anodes for high performance lithium ion batteries from seaweed biomass
Authors: Che Ying , Zhu Xiaoyi , Li Jianjiang , Sun Jin , Liu Yanyan , Jin Chunde , Dong Chaohong
Published: November 2016

We present a simple and eco-friendly method to synthesize MoO2/carbon aerogel anodes using alginate as the carbon precursor.
On the agent role of Mn2+ in redirecting the synthesis of Zn(OH)2 towards nano-ZnO with variable morphology
Authors: Ghica Daniela , Vlaicu Ioana D. , Stefan Mariana , Nistor Leona C. , Nistor Sergiu V.
Published: November 2016

Evidence of manganese induced redirection of the Zn(OH)2 synthesis towards nanostructured ZnO:Mn, not observed for other M(ii)(OH)2 compounds.
Effect of Li2O additions upon the crystal structure, sinterability and electrical properties of yttria stabilized zirconia electrolyte
Authors: Xiong Jie , Jiao Chengran , Han Minfang , Yi Wentao , Ma Jie , Yan Chunyan , Cai Weiwei , Cheng Hansong
Published: November 2016

By adding 0.5 mol% Li2O, YSZ was densified at 1250 °C, and also had a high conductivity of 0.0313 S cm−1 at 800 °C.
Conductance in a bis-terpyridine based single molecular breadboard circuit
Authors: Seth Charu , Kaliginedi Veerabhadrarao , Suravarapu Sankarrao , Reber David , Hong Wenjing , Wandlowski Thomas , Lafolet Frédéric , Broekmann Peter , Royal Guy , Venkatramani Ravindra
Published: November 2016

We study conductance in a molecular breadboard junction accommodating up to 61 circuits and demonstrate switching between 4 conductance states.
Allosteric DNA nanoswitches for controlled release of a molecular cargo triggered by biological inputs
Authors: Rossetti Marianna , Ranallo Simona , Idili Andrea , Palleschi Giuseppe , Porchetta Alessandro , Ricci Francesco
Published: November 2016

A rationally designed new class of DNA-based nanoswitches allosterically regulated by specific biological targets, antibodies and transcription factors, can load and release a molecular cargo in a controlled fashion.
A palladium-catalyzed synthesis of (hetero)aryl-substituted imidazoles from aryl halides, imines and carbon monoxide
Authors: Tjutrins Jevgenijs , Arndtsen Bruce A.
Published: November 2016

We describe here a tandem catalytic route to prepare imidazoles in a single operation from aryl iodides, imines and CO.
Drug delivery and controlled release from biocompatible metal–organic frameworks using mechanical amorphization
Authors: Orellana-Tavra Claudia , Marshall Ross J. , Baxter Emma F. , Lázaro Isabel Abánades , Tao Andi , Cheetham Anthony K. , Forgan Ross S. , Fairen-Jimenez David
Published: November 2016

We have used a family of Zr-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with different functionalized (bromo, nitro and amino) and extended linkers for drug delivery.
Graphene and graphene-based nanocomposites: biomedical applications and biosafety
Authors: Pattnaik Satyanarayan , Swain Kalpana , Lin Zhiqun
Published: November 2016

Graphene is the first carbon-based two dimensional atomic crystal and has gained much attention since its discovery by Geim and co-workers in 2004.
Electrophoretic deposition of chitosan/gelatin coatings with controlled porous surface topography to enhance initial osteoblast adhesive responses
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Cheng Xian , Yao Yao , Luo Jiaxin , Tang Qingming , Wu Hongling , Lin Sihan , Han Changjun , Wei Qingsong , Chen Lili
Published: November 2016

This study developed a method to fabricated electrophoretic deposited coatings with controllable porous surface topographyviacontrolling bubble generation to enhance initial osteoblast adhesive responses.
Ultrapure laser-synthesized Si nanoparticles with variable oxidation states for biomedical applications
Authors: Al-Kattan Ahmed , Ryabchikov Yury V. , Baati Tarek , Chirvony Vladimir , Sánchez-Royo Juan F. , Sentis Marc , Braguer Diane , Timoshenko Victor Yu. , Estève Marie-Anne , Kabashin Andrei V.
Published: November 2016

We use femtosecond laser fragmentation to fabricate ultrapure bare Si-based nanoparticles (Si-NPs) for biomedical applications.
The iron-type nitrile hydratase activator protein is a GTPase
Authors: Gumataotao Natalie , Lankathilaka K.P. Wasantha , Bennett Brian , Holz Richard C.
Published: November 2016

The Fe-type nitrile hydratase activator protein from Rhodococcus equi TG328-2 (ReNHase TG328-2) was successfully expressed and purified. Sequence analysis and homology modeling suggest that it is a G3E P-loop guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) within the COG0523 subfamily. Kinetic studies revealed that the Fe-type activator protein is capable of hydrolyzing GTP to GDP with a kcat value of 1.2 × 10−3 s−1 and a Km value of 40 μM in the presence of 5 mM MgCl2 in 50 mM 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethanesulfonic acid at a pH of 8.0. The addition of divalent metal ions, such as Co(II), which binds to the ReNHase TG328-2 activator protein with a Kd of 2.9 μM, accelerated the rate of GTP hydrolysis, suggesting that GTP hydrolysis is potentially connected to the proposed metal chaperone function of the ReNHase TG328-2 activator protein. Circular dichroism data reveal a significant conformational change upon the addition of GTP, which may be linked to the interconnectivity of the cofactor binding sites, resulting in an activator protein that can be recognized and can bind to the NHase α-subunit. A combination of these data establishes, for the first time, that the ReNHase TG328-2 activator protein falls into the COG0523 subfamily of G3E P-loop GTPases, many of which play a role in metal homeostasis processes.
The Effectiveness and Safety of Exoskeletons as Assistive and Rehabilitation Devices in the Treatment of Neurologic Gait Disorders in Patients with Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fisahn Christian , Aach Mirko , Jansen Oliver , Moisi Marc , Mayadev Angeli , Pagarigan Krystle T. , Dettori Joseph R. , Schildhauer Thomas A.
Published: November 2016

Study Design

Systematic review.

Clinical Questions

(1) When used as an assistive device, do wearable exoskeletons improve lower extremity function or gait compared with knee-ankle-foot orthoses (KAFOs) in patients with complete or incomplete spinal cord injury? (2) When used as a rehabilitation device, do wearable exoskeletons improve lower extremity function or gait compared with other rehabilitation strategies in patients with complete or incomplete spinal cord injury? (3) When used as an assistive or rehabilitation device, are wearable exoskeletons safe compared with KAFO for assistance or other rehabilitation strategies for rehabilitation in patients with complete or incomplete spinal cord injury?

Methods

PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases and reference lists of key articles were searched from database inception to May 2, 2016, to identify studies evaluating the effectiveness of wearable exoskeletons used as assistive or rehabilitative devices in patients with incomplete or complete spinal cord injury.

Results

No comparison studies were found evaluating exoskeletons as an assistive device. Nine comparison studies (11 publications) evaluated the use of exoskeletons as a rehabilitative device. The 10-meter walk test velocity and Spinal Cord Independence Measure scores showed no difference in change from baseline among patients undergoing exoskeleton training compared with various comparator therapies. The remaining primary outcome measures of 6-minute walk test distance and Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury I and II and Functional Independence Measure–Locomotor scores showed mixed results, with some studies indicating no difference in change from baseline between exoskeleton training and comparator therapies, some indicating benefit of exoskeleton over comparator therapies, and some indicating benefit of comparator therapies over exoskeleton.

Conclusion

There is no data to compare locomotion assistance with exoskeleton versus conventional KAFOs. There is no consistent benefit from rehabilitation using an exoskeleton versus a variety of conventional methods in patients with chronic spinal cord injury. Trials comparing later-generation exoskeletons are needed.
So einzigartig wie meine Praxis
Authors: Mesum Z.
Published: November 2016

Bei jedem Smartphone oder Personal Computer ist es längst eine Selbstverständlichkeit, mit CGM Z1.PRO jetzt auch in der Zahnarztsoftware: ein Höchstmaß an Einzig­artigkeit und Individualität auf dem Bildschirmhintergrund. Die im Erscheinungsbild ­einer Praxis angestrebte Corporate Identity erobert die Oberfläche der Zahnarztsoftware, mit dem Ergebnis, dass jeder Mitarbeiter sich im wahrsten Sinne des Wortes in seinem eigenem Aufgabenbereich „wiedersieht“. Z1.PRO bindet nicht nur Logo und Praxisfarben in seine Oberfläche ein, sondern es verbindet diese Vorteile mit einem durchdachten Ausbau an Anwendungsvorteilen. Ein modernes Design steht hier für Übersichtlichkeit und Zeitersparnis.
Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) an Medizinischen Fakultäten in Deutschland – eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Müller S. , Dahmen U. , Settmacher U.
Published: November 2016

Einleitung: Der Gesetzgeber hat im Jahre 2002 mit Novellierung der Approbationsordnung für Ärzte (ÄApprO) die systematische Bewertung von „Fähigkeiten und Fertigkeiten“ im Medizinstudium verlangt. Daraus resultierte eine sukzessive Einführung von Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) an den Medizinischen Fakultäten. Die vorliegende Arbeit liefert eine detaillierte Bestandsaufnahme zum derzeitigen Einsatz der OSCE-Prüfungsmethode im Medizinstudium der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Durch die Erkenntnisse kann der allgemeine sowie fachspezifische Implementierungsbedarf der Prüfungsmethode evaluiert werden.

Methodik: Im Zeitraum von Juni bis September 2015 wurden alle 36 deutschen Medizinischen Fakultäten befragt. Die semistrukturierten Telefoninterviews und Emailkorrespondenzen beinhalteten folgende Themenbereiche zu OSCE: Implementierung, die Anzahl und Art der zu erwerbenden Leistungsnachweise nach ÄApprO bzw. die Angabe der beteiligten Fachgebiete. Die erhobenen Daten wurden quantitativ und qualitativ analysiert.

Ergebnisse: Alle Medizinischen Fakultäten (100%) nahmen an der Befragung teil. Fast jede Fakultät (94%) hat OSCE in ihrem Prüfungsportfolio, allerdings in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß. Bundesweit bilden die Ergebnisse aus OSCE-Prüfungen pro Standort zwischen 0 und 18 (M=4,7) Leistungsnachweise des klinischen Studienabschnitts für die Zulassung zum zweiten Staatsexamen gemäß ÄApprO. Die Implementierung umfasst praktisch alle klinischen Fachgebiete. Dennoch fließt über die Hälfte (51,4%) der OSCE-Prüfungsergebnisse in Leistungsnachweise für die Fächer Chirurgie, Innere Medizin, Notfallmedizin, Anästhesiologie und Orthopädie.

Schlussfolgerung: Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie bestätigen einen fast flächendeckenden und zugleich in der klinischen Breite verankerten Einsatz der OSCE-Prüfungsmethode. Im Vergleich zwischen den Fakultäten sowie in Bezug auf den Umfang, in welchem einzelne Fachgebiete beteiligt sind, ergibt sich hingegen ein heterogenes Bild. Zur Sicherstellung und dem Nachweis einer umfangreichen klinischen Kompetenz zukünftiger Ärzte sollte der Einsatz von OSCE ausgebaut werden. Hierfür bedarf es noch weiterer Information und Überzeugungsarbeit bei den Lehrverantwortlichen der Fakultäten.
Comparing generalized ensemble methods for sampling of systems with many degrees of freedom
Authors: Lincoff James , Sasmal Sukanya , Head-Gordon Teresa
Published: November 2016

We compare two standard replica exchange methods using temperature and dielectric constant as the scaling variables for independent replicas against two new corresponding enhanced sampling methods based on non-equilibrium statistical cooling (temperature) or descreening (dielectric). We test the four methods on a rough 1D potential as well as for alanine dipeptide in water, for which their relatively small phase space allows for the ability to define quantitative convergence metrics. We show that both dielectric methods are inferior to the temperature enhanced sampling methods, and in turn show that temperature cool walking (TCW) systematically outperforms the standard temperature replica exchange (TREx) method. We extend our comparisons of the TCW and TREx methods to the 5 residue met-enkephalin peptide, in which we evaluate the Kullback-Leibler divergence metric to show that the rate of convergence between two independent trajectories is faster for TCW compared to TREx. Finally we apply the temperature methods to the 42 residue amyloid-β peptide in which we find non-negligible differences in the disordered ensemble using TCW compared to the standard TREx. All four methods have been made available as software through the OpenMM Omnia software consortium (http://www.omnia.md/).
Intragrain charge transport in kesterite thin films—Limits arising from carrier localization
Authors: Hempel Hannes , Redinger Alex , Repins Ingrid , Moisan Camille , Larramona Gerardo , Dennler Gilles , Handwerg Martin , Fischer Saskia F. , Eichberger Rainer , Unold Thomas
Published: November 2016

Intragrain charge carrier mobilities measured by time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy in state of the art Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4 kesterite thin films are found to increase from 32 to 140 cm2 V−1 s−1 with increasing Se content. The mobilities are limited by carrier localization on the nanometer-scale, which takes place within the first 2 ps after carrier excitation. The localization strength obtained from the Drude-Smith model is found to be independent of the excited photocarrier density. This is in accordance with bandgap fluctuations as a cause of the localized transport. Charge carrier localization is a general issue in the probed kesterite thin films, which were deposited by coevaporation, colloidal inks, and sputtering followed by annealing with varying Se/S contents and yield 4.9%–10.0% efficiency in the completed device.
Single-file diffusion of oxygen ions in the compound YBa2Cu3O7−x
Authors: Boiko Y. I. , Bogdanov V. V. , Khadzhai G. Ya. , Savich S. V. , Vovk R. V.
Published: November 2016

This paper discusses experimental data which show that with increasing thermal processing time, oxygen doping of crystals of YBa2Cu3O7−x with x > 0.65 (tetragonal phase) is characterized by two stages with substantially different kinetics. In the first (initial annealing) stage, oxygen ions enter at a faster rate with an activation energy of approximately 0.4 eV. The second (end of annealing) stage is characterized by significantly slower transport of oxygen ions with an activation energy on the order of 1 eV. The kinetics of the oxygen doping process is analyzed in terms of the time variation in the electrical resistance of the compound. It is shown that the faster transport of oxygen ions in the initial stage of the implantation process can take place along one-dimensional nonstoichiometric vacancies in a single-file diffusion mode. The final stage of oxygen ion implantation in this compound is described by an ordinary classical diffusion mechanism.
Global gyrokinetic simulations with strong flows
Authors: Collier J. D. , McMillan B. F. , Robinson J. R.
Published: November 2016

We report on the investigation of strong toroidal rotation effects in a global tokamak code, ORB5. This includes the implementation of a strong flow gyrokinetic Lagrangian, allowing a complete treatment of centrifugal and Coriolis effects in the laboratory frame. In order to consistently perform the linear analysis in this system, an axisymmetric gyrokinetic equilibrium distribution function is defined using the constants of motion: we show it corresponds to the standard choice in the local limit and is close to the neoclassical solution in the banana regime. The energy and momentum transport equations are presented in an analogous form to those for the weak flow system. Linear studies of Ion Temperature Gradient (ITG) modes in rotating plasmas are performed to determine how the global effects interact with the effects of strong rotation. We also determine the geodesic acoustic mode dispersion with respect to plasma rotation rate in this gyrokinetic model and compare it to MHD theory.
Charting molecular free-energy landscapes with an atlas of collective variables
Authors: Hashemian Behrooz , Millán Daniel , Arroyo Marino
Published: November 2016

Collective variables (CVs) are a fundamental tool to understand molecular flexibility, to compute free energy landscapes, and to enhance sampling in molecular dynamics simulations. However, identifying suitable CVs is challenging, and is increasingly addressed with systematic data-driven manifold learning techniques. Here, we provide a flexible framework to model molecular systems in terms of a collection of locally valid and partially overlapping CVs: an atlas of CVs. The specific motivation for such a framework is to enhance the applicability and robustness of CVs based on manifold learning methods, which fail in the presence of periodicities in the underlying conformational manifold. More generally, using an atlas of CVs rather than a single chart may help us better describe different regions of conformational space. We develop the statistical mechanics foundation for our multi-chart description and propose an algorithmic implementation. The resulting atlas of data-based CVs are then used to enhance sampling and compute free energy surfaces in two model systems, alanine dipeptide and β-D-glucopyranose, whose conformational manifolds have toroidal and spherical topologies.
The solidification products of levitated Fe83B17 studied by high-energy x-ray diffraction
Authors: Quirinale D. G. , Rustan G. E. , Kreyssig A. , Lapidus S. H. , Kramer M. J. , Goldman A. I.
Published: November 2016

Detailed high-energy x-ray diffraction studies were performed to gain insight into the evolution of phase formation in undercooled Fe83B17 and the mechanism for the stabilization of face-centered cubic (fcc) Fe in the presence of Fe23B6. Fe83B17 solidifies directly into either the equilibrium Fe2B + Fe phases or the metastable Fe23B6 + Fe phases. When formed, the metastable Fe23B6 phase either rapidly transforms into the equilibrium Fe2B phase within the solidification plateau or can persist down to ambient temperature. Here, we detail these different solidification behaviors in a set of thermal cycles taken from one sample and demonstrate the absence of a direct correlation with cooling rate and thermal history. We show that the coherent growth of Fe23B6 and fcc Fe suppresses the allotropic transition from fcc Fe to bcc Fe. The temperature evolution of the phase fractions and lattice parameters is also presented.
Experimental and modelling study of the effect of airflow orientation with respect to strip electrode on ozone production of surface dielectric barrier discharge
Authors: Mikeš J. , Pekárek S. , Soukup I.
Published: November 2016

This study examines the effect of airflow orientation with respect to the strip active electrode on concentration of ozone and nitrogen dioxide produced in a planar generator based on the surface dielectric barrier discharge. The orientation of the airflow was tested in parallel and perpendicular with respect to the strips. It was found that in the investigated range of average discharge power, the ozone concentration increases approximately by 25% when airflow was oriented in parallel with respect to the strips in comparison with perpendicular orientation of the airflow. Similarly the increase of nitrogen dioxide concentration was observed for parallel orientation of the airflow with respect to the strips in comparison with the perpendicular orientation of the airflow. Within the range of wavelengths from 250 to 1100 nm, the changes of intensities of spectral lines associated with airflow orientation have been observed. A 3D numerical model describing ion trajectories and airflow patterns have also been developed.
Behavioral change in buying low carbon farm products in China: An application of the theory of planned behavior
Authors: Zhang Lu , Tenkasi Ramkrishnan V. , Guo Qing , Zhang Junbiao
Published: November 2016

As global warming becomes increasingly pressing, many countries have begun to adopt carbon labeling on agri-products. Thus, it is prospective and significant to conduct a study on assessing the behavioral change in buying low carbon farm products in China, a country new to carbon labelling. Using a sample of the actual buying behavior of 873 subjects in China, we first examine the impact of Attitude, Perceived behavioral control, and Subjective (i.e., declarative and injunctive) norms on Actual behavior. Then, we investigate the mediating role of Behavioral intention in Actual behavior's relation with Attitude, Perceived behavioral control, and Subjective norms, respectively. Further, we explore the role of Subjective injunctive norms in the model based on the theory of planned behavior. Declarative norms, Attitude, and Perceived behavioral control explain a significant proportion of variance in actual buying behavior of low carbon products. Intentions fully mediate the relationship between Declarative norms and Actual behavior while partially mediating for Attitude and Perceived behavioral control. Injunctive norms moderate the relationship between Declarative norms and Actual behavior while partially mediating the relationship between Declarative norms and Attitude. Perceived behavioral control partially mediates the relationship between Declarative and Injunctive norms. These results suggest potential revisions to the theory of planned behavior model and practical implications to facilitate behavioral change from diagnostic and interventional perspectives.
Flame speed enhancement of a nitrocellulose monopropellant using graphene microstructures
Authors: Jain S. , Park W. , Chen Y. P. , Qiao L.
Published: November 2016

The control and enhancement of the combustion wave propagation velocities of solid monopropellants are very important for the development of low cost and efficient micro power systems such as microthrusters and thermal-to-electrical energy conversion devices. In this work, the flame speed enhancement of a nitrocellulose (NC) solid monopropellant using highly conductive graphene structures was demonstrated. Two different graphene structures, namely, graphene foam (GF) and graphene nano-pellets (GNPs), were studied. For the GNP-doped NC films, fuel layers 500 ± 30 μm thick were deposited and the doping concentrations were varied from 1% to 5% by mass. For the GF, the fuel loading ratio (%) and the foam density were varied to study their effect on the flame speed propagation behavior. Self-propagating combustion waves were observed, with average flame speed enhancements up to 8 times the bulk value. The flame speed enhancement, for both the GNPs and the GF, showed a parabolic trend as a function of their concentrations, and an optimum value for each case was determined. However, the flame speed enhancement, as a function of the GF density (for a fixed fuel loading ratio), showed a monotonic decreasing trend. Moreover, the reusability of the GF structures was also tested by re-depositing them with fuel after combustion. Similar flame speed enhancement was obtained using the fresh and the re-used GF structures.
Underdense a-Si:H film capped by a dense film as the passivation layer of a silicon heterojunction solar cell
Authors: Liu Wenzhu , Zhang Liping , Chen Renfang , Meng Fanying , Guo Wanwu , Bao Jian , Liu Zhengxin
Published: November 2016

Underdense hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) prepared by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition was used as a passivation layer in silicon heterojunction (SHJ) solar cells. By reducing the thickness of the underdense a-Si:H passivation layer from 15 nm to 5 nm, the open circuit voltage (Voc) of the corresponding SHJ solar cell increased significantly from 724.3 mV to 738.6 mV. For comparison, a widely used transition-zone a-Si:H passivation layer was also examined, but reducing its thickness from 15 nm to 5 nm resulted in a continuous Voc reduction, from 724.1 mV to 704.3 mV. The highest efficiency was achieved using a 5-nm-thick underdense a-Si:H passivation layer. We propose that this advantageous property of underdense a-Si:H reflects its microstructural characteristics. While the porosity of a-Si:H layer enables H penetration into the amorphous network and the a-Si:H/c-Si interface, a high degree of disorder inhibits the formation of the epitaxial layer at the a-Si:H/c-Si interface during post-doping layer deposition.
Excitonic mobility edge and ultra-short photoluminescence decay time in n-type GaAsN
Authors: Eßer F. , Winnerl S. , Patanè A. , Helm M. , Schneider H.
Published: November 2016

We use time-resolved photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy to study the recombination dynamics in Si-doped GaAsN semiconductor alloys with a nitrogen content up to 0.2%. The PL decay is predominantly monoexponential and exhibits a strong energy dispersion. We find ultra-short decay times on the high-energy side and long decay times on the low-energy side of the photoluminescence spectrum. This asymmetry can be explained by the existence of an additional non-radiative energy transfer channel and is consistent with previous studies on intrinsic GaAsN epilayers. However, the determined maximum decay times of GaAsN:Si are significantly reduced in comparison to undoped GaAsN. The determined excitonic mobility edge energy constantly decreases with an increase in the N content, in agreement with the two-level band anticrossing model.
Investigation of the VIMs of a spar-type FOWT using a model test method
Authors: Duan Fei , Hu Zhiqiang , Wang Jin
Published: November 2016

This article presents the research findings of an extensive model test investigation of the dynamic response to vortex-induced motions (VIMs) of the OC3 spar-type floating offshore wind turbine (FOWT). Particulars of this research are to investigate the unique and crucial effects of wind load on the spar-type FOWT, which differs considerably from other traditional spar-type floating systems utilized in the gas and oil industry, on the VIMs. The model test was performed with a sequence of current, wind, and irregular wave sea states to analyze the nature of the coupled dynamic response behavior of VIMs. Many unique characteristics were found and analyzed. The lock-in phenomenon of sway in the cross flow (CF) direction was found to occur first, followed by the lock-in phenomenon of surge in the in-line (IL) direction. For the current-only case, the remaining responses, including the other 4-degree-of-freedom motions, mooring tensions, and turbine bearing loads, were found to be coupled by sway/surge VIMs. Moreover, the oscillation amplitudes of all of the responses increased significantly with increasing current velocity, particularly after locking-in. Furthermore, the wind load had a clear suppression effect on the CF and IL VIM responses. The experimental measurements demonstrated that the wave load excites wave-induced oscillations for some CF responses and all IL responses, and it further restrains the VIM oscillation amplitudes on the foundation of the wind suppression effect. In particular, when a wind load is involved, the influence of current or wave is limited to the yaw and IL tower-top bending moment.
Generation characteristics of piezoelectric vibrator driven by groove cam: Simulation and experimental analysis
Authors: Zhen Longxin , Wang Yafeng , Bai Shousong
Published: November 2016

In this paper, a structure for a piezoelectric beam vibrator driven by a groove cam is analysed. The vibrator takes the simplified form of a piezoelectric beam model, where one end of the beam is clamped and the other end is simply supported, and is thus named the clamped/simply supported piezoelectric beam model (CSPBM). Mathematical models of the damped forced vibration and electromechanical energy conversion processes of the CSPBM are established based on the harmonic displacement excitation of the simply supported end. Factors that affect the energy generated by the CSPBM are analyzed theoretically and are simulated separately using both the MATLAB software and ANSYS software. Theoretical analysis results indicate that there is an optimal value of the ratio of the base plate thickness to the beam thickness (α) at which the energy generated by the CSPBM is maximum. In addition, the optimal α value of a unimorph beam is about 0.3 and is irrelevant to the material parameters of the beam. The voltage and energy generated by the CSPBM are measured on an experimental bench and the results show that the maximum generated voltage increases with increasing the first natural frequency when the α value of piezoelectric beam and the amplitude of displacement excitation are constant. In addition, the theoretical results of the generated voltage are coincident with experimental results, which confirms the validity of the theoretical model. The vibrator driven by a groove cam provides a practical form of the piezoelectric beam excited by the displacement.
Angle-resolved photoemission with circularly polarized light in the nodal mirror plane of underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ superconductor
Authors: He Junfeng , Mion Thomas R. , Gao Shang , Myers Gavin T. , Arita Masashi , Shimada Kenya , Gu G. D. , He Rui-Hua
Published: November 2016

Unraveling the nature of pseudogap phase in high-temperature superconductors holds the key to understanding their superconducting mechanisms and potentially broadening their applications via enhancement of their superconducting transition temperatures. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) experiments using circularly polarized light have been proposed to detect possible symmetry breaking state in the pseudogap phase of cuprates. The presence (absence) of an electronic order which breaks mirror symmetry of the crystal would in principle induce a finite (zero) circular dichroism in photoemission. Different orders breaking reflection symmetries about different mirror planes can also be distinguished by the momentum dependence of the measured circular dichroism. Here, we report ARPES experiment on an underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212) superconductor in the Γ (0,0)-Y (π,π) nodal mirror plane using circularly polarized light. No circular dichroism is observed on the level of ∼2% at low temperature, which places a clear constraint on the forms of possible symmetry breaking orders in this sample. Meanwhile, we find that the geometric dichroism remains substantial very close to its perfect extinction such that a very small sample angular offset is sufficient to induce a sizeable dichroic signal. It highlights the importance to establish a perfect extinction of geometric dichroism as a prerequisite for the identification of any intrinsic circular dichroism in this material.
Interlayer interaction in multilayer [Co/Pt]n/Pt/Co structures
Authors: Demidov E. S. , Gusev N. S. , Budarin L. I. , Karashtin E. A. , Mironov V. L. , Fraerman A. A.
Published: November 2016

We report a study of interlayer exchange interaction in multilayer [Co/Pt]n/Pt/Co structures. The structures consist of a periodic [Co/Pt]n multilayer film with a perpendicular anisotropy and a thick Co layer with an in-plane anisotropy. The subsystems are separated by a Pt spacer with variable thickness. The magnetooptical Kerr effect and the ferromagnetic resonance measurements show the essentially non-collinear state of magnetic moments of the layers and strong exchange coupling between the [Co/Pt]n and the Co subsystems. A simple model based on the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation shows that the exchange coupling is ferromagnetic. The exchange constant is estimated in this simple model. The estimated value is J=2 erg/cm2.
A study of the pseudogap state in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox and Bi2Sr2ZnCu2Oy HTSC materials
Authors: Aliev V. M. , Mamedova A. N. , Raqimov S. S. , Selim-zade R. I. , Tairov B. A.
Published: November 2016

We examine the effect of replacing calcium by zinc has on the transport properties of the BiSrCaCuO-2221 system. It is shown that the critical temperatures Tc of the Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox(B1) and Bi2Sr2ZnCu2Oy(B2) samples are close (81 K and 80.72 K). However, the resistivity ρ of the Bi2Sr2ZnCu2Oy sample increases considerably, and the ratio ρB2/ρB1 ≈ 10 at 100 K. We use the local pair model to analyze the mechanism behind the formation of excess conductivity in Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox and Bi2Sr2ZnCu2Oy(B2), with consideration of the Aslamazov-Larkin theory near Tc. We determined the temperature T0 of the transition from the 2D fluctuation area to the 3D region (i.e., the 2D-3D crossover temperature). We calculated the coherence length of the fluctuation Cooper pairs along the c axis, ξc(0). It is shown that substituting Zn for Ca reduces ξc(0) by almost 1.5 times (4.8 Å and 3.3 Å, respectively), and also leads to a narrowing of both the pseudogap region and the superconducting fluctuation area near Tc. We determined the temperature dependence of the pseudogap Δ*T and Δ*(Tc). The increase of ρ, its specific temperature dependence and the significant decrease of T* in sample B2, all point to the destruction of local pairs at all high temperatures, i.e., to the suppression of the pseudogap by Zn doping.