bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temporary uses as means of experimental urban planning
Authors: Lehtovuori Panu , Ruoppila Sampo
Published: July 2021

Contemporary economic, social and cultural trends support interest in temporary uses of properties and urban space. Temporary uses have an experimental character in development and have agreed to have many societal and commercial benefits, including place-making and support of collaborative practices. This article provides a typology of temporary uses' socio-spatial conditions and goals. When designed and implemented in urban central areas, currently under-used areas, or areas losing significance, temporary uses are tuned accordingly for intensification, initiation or redefinition of their locations. Four kinds of approaches taken by the public authorities to incorporate temporary uses have also been identified. These are consistent, project-based, centralised-idealistic and best practices approach.
The climate change: Strategies and legislation in Serbia
Authors: Brašanac-Bosanac Ljiljana
Published: July 2021

Climate change is one of the most important subjects in 21st century. In fact, that is no longer just a question of environmental protection and ecological awareness, but along with it some other important themes are imposed: sustainability, economic growth, energy efficiency and energy security. Serbia is one of the countries of Southeastern Europe where climate change is evident, and its manifestations are more frequent and intense. As the consequences of climate change in Serbia in recent years the floods are more intense, landslides and erosion are more active, wind gusts are stronger, periods of drought are more frequent and longer and extreme climate events affect both urban as well as rural areas. In order to plan the sustainable development in areas vulnerable to climate change and, on the other hand, to reduce the effects of global warming and climate change in Serbia it is necessary to adopt and implement new strategies and laws, respecting the already adopted international conventions, declarations and strategies as well as national legislation.
The condition of Aesculus hippocastanum L. trees in the avenues of the central part of the city of Obrenovac
Authors: Veselinović Milorad , Mitrović Suzana , Radulović Zlatan , Dražić Dragana , Čule Nevena , Stanković Dragica , Rajković Snežana
Published: July 2021

In urban areas treelined paths are the most vulnerable element. According expected functions treelined paths in certain street are unsatisfactory with their appearance and general condition. These are primarily biological, ecological, sociological and aesthetic functions. Because of negative anthropogenic influences trees are with low level condition, very low functionality and the unsatisfactory state of health. Most of the trees exist in very difficult circumstances of streets, there are crowded in the underground and in the aboveground part. In such circumstances, just as individual specimens of trees grow into individuals who manifest themselves in terms of morphology characteristics which are representative of its species. In this paper is presented the state of the avenue of horse chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) in two central streets of the old part of Obrenovca. The data were analyzed on the basis of the reviewed every tree and with the particular assessing the state of the crown and the state of the trunk. Based on the analysis of the results measures are proposed for the rehabilitation of individual trees as well as measures for the reconstruction of the entire tree line.
The phosphorus analyzes in needles of Canadian Douglas-fir provenances
Authors: Lavadinović Vera , Miletić Zoran , Lavadinović Vukan
Published: July 2021

Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii Mir / Franco) is an indigenous and economically the most widespread species of conifers in Canada and North America. It is also the most common introduced species conifer in Europe. In Serbia testing of Douglas-fir, began setting up several provenance plots with seeds originating from Canada and North America. The research work carried out at the Institute of Forestry, conducting analysis in order to select the most adaptive and productive provenances for reforestation in Serbia. The seeds transfer of introduced species of trees include testing of all characteristic by provenance test. Genetic feature of trees species show in the new environmental, to confirm the selection of tree type for introduction. One of the methods of assessing the genetic variability of introduced species is the testing using provenance experiment. The intensity effect of physiological processes of mineral nutrition of tree species is one of the most important indicators of its successful adaptation and production into new environment habitats. This research analyzes the phosphorus content in the needles of Douglas-fir from different provenances originating from Canada.
The effect of application of microbiological preparation on height growth dynamics of one-year old seedling of black walnute (Juglans nigra L.)
Authors: Ćirković-Mitrović Tatjana
Published: July 2021

Trend of organic production of plants that are used for human nutrition binds that when using nutrition preparations which represent significant factor in production of high quality planting material for different purposes microbiological preparations have to be included as well. The effect of the microbiological preparation Bactofil® B 10 on height growth tempo of black walnut seedlings during vegetation period is a subject of research of this paper. Comparative analysis of height increment of seedlings grown in soil treated with this preparation and height increment of control, nontreated seedlings shows the justification of direct application of Bactofil in mass production of high quality planting material of black walnut.
The studies of zinc (Zn) concentrations in Woody and herbaceous plants in the region of Belgrade
Authors: Stanković Dragica , Vilotić Dragica , Ivetić Vladan , Jović Đorđe , Jokanović Dušan , Devetaković Jovana
Published: July 2021

These studies are aimed at the determination of load of the plant ecosystems with the heavy metal (Zn) and the accumulation of it in this area, so that based on the results, if necessary, the appropriate protection measures of this higly-valued area can be applied. The woody species lime tree and Austrian pine at the plots 1 and 2 in these studies show deficiency or are on the verge of the deficiency. Based on the results, heavy metal zinc is not the adverse factor in the natural protected area "Avala".
Analysis of types of damages at the sample plots of level 1 in 2013 at the territory of the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Češljar Goran , Gagić-Serdar Renata , Đorđević Ilija , Poduška Zoran , Stefanović Tomislav , Bilibajkić Svetlana , Nevenić Radovan
Published: July 2021

The vitality of a forest ecosystem to a great extent depends on the effect of different factors of stress, be it of biotic (harmful insects, phytopathogenic fungi, etc.), abiotic (frost, drought, high temperatures, etc.) or of anthropogenic origin (human activities). Some factors owning to their long-lasting effect can lead to the weakening of the individual trees or the whole forest ecosystem and eventually cause the mortality of it. The paper presents the results of the research of the types of damages of biotic, abiotic and anthropogenic origin at the sample plot of LEVEL 1 in the Republic of Serbia, conducted during 2013. By the analysis of the data, the results concerning the total number of trees with the identified types of damage, the part of the tree on which the some type of damage occurred most commonly, total number of the trees without any damage, most frequent type of damage and the types of trees with the highest and lowest percentage of damage, were obtained. The results which were obtained present the factual situation regarding the types of the damages for each sample plot and can be beneficial for the further analysis. By comparing these data with the date from other countries, the conclusions about the way in which the vitality of trees depend on the environmental conditions were made.
Intensive monitoring on the level II sample plots Kopaonik, Crn Vrh i Mokra Gora in 2014
Authors: Bilibajkić Svetlana , Nevenić Radovan , Marković Miroslava , Češljar Goran , Stefanović Tomislav , Poduška Zoran , Đorđević Ilija , Gagić-Serdar Renata
Published: July 2021

Monitoring and assessment of the impact of air pollution and its effects on forest ecosystems on the territory of the Republic of Serbia, Level II, began with the establishment of Level II sample plots on Fruska Gora in 2009, on Kopaonik in 2010, in Odzaci in 2011 and on Crni Vrh and Mokra Gora in 2013. Level II Monitoring Programme includes ten working panels from ten different professional fields of forestry grouped according to the research area. All Level II sample plot activities are carried out in accordance with the ICP Forests Manual on methods and criteria for harmonized sampling, assessment, monitoring and analysis of the effects of air pollution on forests. The paper presents the results of monitoring crown condition on Level II sample plots on Kopaonik, Crni Vrh and Mokra Gora in 2014.
Reseña de: Miranda García, Fermín y López de Guereño Sanz, María Teresa (eds.), La muerte de los príncipes en la Edad Media. Balance y perspectivas historiográficas
Authors: Echevarría Arsuaga Ana
Published: July 2021

Reseña de: Miranda García, Fermín y López de Guereño Sanz, María Teresa (eds.), La muerte de los príncipes en la Edad Media. Balance y perspectivas historiográficas, Madrid, Casa de Velázquez, 2020. 426 pp. ISBN: 978-84-9096-257-2.
Configuración institucional de una villa costera: Muros en el tránsito de la Edad Media a la Edad Moderna
Authors: Pousa Dieguez Rodrigo
Published: July 2021

El presente artículo pretende aproximarse a la realidad de los núcleos, en lo demográfico semiurbanos, que salpicaban la costa gallega desde sus orígenes medievales. Pese a ser en número los más abundantes en Galicia, y no solo en Galicia, la escasa relevancia demográfica, económica y política de estos ha tendido a relegarlos a un segundo plano en la investigación, que ha mostrado mayor predilección por las capitales de provincia. El caso objeto de estudio es la villa de Muros, perteneciente al señorío jurisdiccional del arzobispo de Santiago, que, pese a los intentos forales de la Corona para impulsar su desarrollo urbano como villa portuaria, no adquiere esta condición hasta la baja Edad Media. Su condición señorial, entramado social, su condición marítima e, indirectamente, la Corona determinarán la forma adquirida por sus instituciones, oficiales, competencias, su actividad gubernativa, y la gestión de sus recursos.
La ‘fila’ de agua valenciana y otras medidas de aforo. La verdadera naturaleza de un sistema de medición de caudales de origen andalusí
Authors: Esquilache Martí Ferran
Published: July 2021

Los caudales de agua de riego se han medido tradicionalmente en Valencia mediante una medida de aforo llamada fila, de la que hasta ahora se desconocía su verdadera naturaleza y valor, a pesar de ser un tema ampliamente discutido desde hace siglos. En este artículo se plantea una solución a esta discusión, estableciéndose que la fila o hila, de herencia andalusí, tenía una triple condición según la cantidad de agua disponible. Así, habitualmente era la cantidad de agua que podía pasar por un orificio con una medida concreta, cuando disminuía el nivel era una cantidad de agua proporcional a toda la disponible, y si había mucha escasez era una cantidad de tiempo durante el cual disponer de toda el agua. Además, se establece cual fue el valor de la fila en Valencia en época medieval y moderna, su posible equivalencia con otras medidas de aforo, y se propone cual fue su valor en época andalusí, antes de la conquista.
Reseña de: Trillo San José, Carmen (2020). La Vega de Granada a partir de documentación árabe romanceada inédita (1457-1494). Estudio, edición e índices
Authors: González Sopeña Inmaculada
Published: July 2021

Reseña
Las promociones artísticas de Alonso de Ejea, arzobispo y administrador perpetuo de la Archidiócesis de Sevilla y patriarca de Constantinopla (1403-1417)
Authors: Caramazana Malia David José
Published: July 2021

Profundizar en la biografía del prelado hispano Alonso de Ejea (h. 1360-1417) implica acercarse a una de las figuras eclesiásticas más influyentes de la Europa de principios del siglo XV. Sus cargos como embajador del rey Enrique III de Castilla y mano derecha del papa Benedicto XIII avalan su importancia en la escena sociopolítica del Gran Cisma de Occidente. Hasta el momento no ha recibido ningún estudio desde la Historia del Arte medieval o Estudios Culturales centrado en su episcopado hispalense (1403-1417). El objeto de este trabajo es realizar una aproximación a su faceta como promotor artístico y analizar las causas que impidieron monumentalizar su memoria en la catedral de Sevilla de manera acorde a la relevancia que alcanzó en vida.
Privilegios episcopales: la inviolabilidad de los obispos visigóticos y el delito de lesa majestad
Authors: Castillo Maldonado Pedro
Published: July 2021

En estas páginas se señala cómo la naturaleza sagrada del sacerdocio, y por tanto su inviolabilidad, no puso a salvo de maltratos y violencias a los obispos visigóticos, pero sí evitó que se atentase contra sus vidas, al menos de forma pública y por los poderes públicos. Esta consideración adquiere relevancia en el caso de los delitos de lesa majestad, constituyendo un privilegio personal de importancia en el inestable Reino Visigodo.
Reseña de: Galende Díaz, Juan Carlos y Ávila Seoane, Nicolás, El rodado regio hispánico. Fernando III de León y Castilla (1230-1252).
Authors: Herrero Jiménez Mauricio
Published: July 2021

Reseña de: Galende Díaz, Juan Carlos y Ávila Seoane, Nicolás, El rodado regio hispánico. Fernando III de León y Castilla (1230-1252). Madrid: Editorial UFV. Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 2020. ISBN: 978-84-18360-43-5. 365 páginas
Reseña de: López Martínez, Amalia, Minutarios notariales de Estevo Pérez (Ourense, siglo XIV)
Authors: López Villalba José Miguel
Published: July 2021

Reseña de: López Martínez, Amalia, Minutarios notariales de Estevo Pérez (Ourense, siglo XIV), Santiago de Compostela, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Instituto de Estudios Gallegos Padre Sarmiento, Anejo de Cuadernos de Estudios Gallegos L, 2020, 1524 págs., 2 volúmenes+CD Rom. ISBN: 978-84-00-10679-9.
Reseña de: Val Valdivieso, M.ª Isabel – Villanueva Zubizarreta, Olatz (Coords.), Pero Ansúrez. El conde, su época y su memoria
Authors: Cantera Montenegro Enrique
Published: July 2021

Reseña de: Val Valdivieso, M.ª Isabel – Villanueva Zubizarreta, Olatz (Coords.), Pero Ansúrez. El conde, su época y su memoria, Valladolid, Ayuntamiento de Valladolid, 2019, 343 págs. ISBN: 978-84-16678-54-9.
Wpływ inwestycji i modernizacji portów morskich w Gdańsku i Gdyni na zmiany struktury przeładunków portowych = The impact of new developments and modernisation at the Polish ports of Gdańsk and Gdynia on changes in port transshipments
Authors: Palmowski Tadeusz , Wendt Jan A.
Published: July 2021

Dzisiejsze porty, jako węzły komunikacyjne łączące transport morski z lądowym, muszą skutecznie konkurować na rynku. Porty, szczególnie te ważne dla gospodarek swoich krajów, ewoluują w kierunku organizmów tworzących wartość dodaną, kluczowych węzłów w globalnych łańcuchach dostaw, w których infrastruktura i suprastruktura są elementami jednolitego systemu logistycznego. System ten koncentruje się na zapewnieniu wysokiej efektywności i dostępności dla coraz większych statków oraz minimalizacji ryzyka kongestii. Celem podjętej w pracy analizy jest przedstawienie współczesnych procesów inwestycyjnych i modernizacyjnych w portach morskich w Gdańsku i Gdyni oraz ich możliwego wpływu na zmiany struktury przeładunków w portach w latach 2009‑2019. W opracowaniu wykorzystano dane obrazujące wielkość przeładunków w portach. Analiza zmian wielkości potoków ładunkowych i ich struktury wskazuje na nowe powiązania w strukturze kierunkowej, które mogą wskazywać na nowe regiony (kontynenty lub państwa), do których wysyłane są ładunki z obydwu portów. Przedstawione dane wskazują na relację pomiędzy podjętymi i wykonanymi inwestycjami w infrastrukturze portowej a wielkością przeładunków oraz ich strukturą, prawie w każdej z badanych kategorii ładunków i kontenerów.
The genre of prayer: classification criteria
Authors: Keler Anna Ivanovna
Published: July 2021

The religious functional style is currently being actively studied not only in theology, but also in philology. On the one hand, this fact is substantiated by the change in the sociopolitical situation in Russia, while on the other –by the need for scientific comprehension and description of the experience of religious communication implemented in particular genres. Prayer is one of the genres of religious functional style, which are referred to as basic or representative. Both in literary studies and linguistics, prayer is viewed from the perspective of different approaches; therefore, the researchers offer various classifications for the genre of prayer. The subject of this research is a prayer as the religious genre. Analysis is conducted on the existing classifications of prayer based on the material of Christian prayers, and generalizes them for the purpose of deriving general classification and its further application to the corpus of prayer texts created within the framework of the New Apostolic teaching. As a result of the conducted research, the author provides a summary table, which indicates seven criteria for the classification of prayers: position of the addressee (type and number of addressees); type of addressee; method or form of saying the prayer; formal-substantive rigidity of the text; leading intention / content / key function of the prayer and their number; place of creating the text; time of creating the text. The article also presents an example of application the summary theoretical data to particular material—a corpus of 220 prayers created by New Apostolic parishioners, and records of the prayerful life of the Christians from the catechesis of the New Apostolic Church.
Exploring target imaging in underwater bubble group environment based on polarization information
Authors: Song Qiang , Sun Xiao-Bing , Liu Xiao , Ti Ru-Fang , Huang Hong-Lian , Wang Hao ,   Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,   University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China,   Key Laboratory of Optical Calibration and Characterization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,   Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China,   Hefei Chief Expert Studio of Agricultural Industry, Hefei 230031, China
Published: July 2021

Underwater optical imaging is an important way to implement the seabed exploration and target recognition. There occur a lot of bubbles due to the sea wave, ship wake, marine creatures’ swimming and breathing. The underwater target imaging effect is often limited by light scattering effect of bubbles, so it is difficult to identify targets, and the general optical technology is difficult to eliminate the bubbles’ influence on imaging. In this article from the bubble theoretical derivation and the bubble simulation, we investigate the changing trend of target’s polarization information under the condition of different light incident angles in the underwater environment, data gathering, data processing and data analysis, by using the polarimetric image fusion method to suppress the influence of bubbles to build a complete target imaging research system under bubble group environment in line with the above several big aspects. According to the above problem, in this paper, the change of light intensity and polarization information of incoming light in underwater single bubble, bubble group and target’s surface are investigated; the target imaging in the bubble group environment with the change of light incident angle and polarization imaging band on the basis of the construction of experimental platform of underwater bubbles is explored; the change trends of strength and polarization information with different metal targets are studied; the change trends of strength and polarization information of underwater target under thickness of different bubble groups are analyzed; finally the underwater target images under the condition of different imaging resolutions and the using of fusion methods of polarization feature extraction and visual information of image to suppress the bubble influence on underwater target imaging are studied. The experimental results show that the target imaging under bubble group environment is influenced by many factors, and using polarimetric image fusion method can well weaken the bubble group’s influence on imaging, and improve the clarity of underwater target. In view of difficult problems about target identification existing in the high-density bubble group environment, we will use energy loss compensation or machine learning method to realize the target recognition and image restoration in the future.
Wave equation for underground viscoelastic media and wavefield numerical simulation
Authors: Song Li-Wei , Shi Ying , Chen Shu-Min , Ke Xuan , Hou Xiao-Hui , Liu Zhi-Qi ,   School of Physics and Electronic Engineering, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China,   School of Earth Sciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, China,   Exploration and Development Research Institute of Daqing Oilfield Co Ltd, Daqing 163712, China
Published: July 2021

The energy of wavefield is gradually attenuated in all real materials, which is a fundamental feature and more obvious in the media containing liquid and gas. Because the viscosity effect is not considered in the classical wave theory, the actual wavefield is different from the simulated scenario based on the assumption of complete elasticity so that the application of wavefield does not meet the expectations in engineering technology, such as geophysical exploration. In the rock physics field, the well-known constant-Q theory gives a linear description of attenuation and Q is regarded as independent of the frequency. The quality factor Q is a parameter for calculating the phase difference between stress and strain of the media, which, as an index of wavefield attenuation behavior, is inversely proportional to the viscosity. Based on the constant-Q theory, a wave equation can be directly obtained by the Fourier transform of the dispersion relation, in which there is a fractional time differential operator. Therefore, it is difficult to perform the numerical simulation due to memory for all historical wavefields. In this paper, the dispersion relation is approximated by polynomial fitting and Taylor expansion method to eliminate the fractional power of frequency which is uncomfortably treated in the time domain. And then a complex-valued wave equation is derived to characterize the propagation law of wavefield in earth media. Besides the superiority of numerical simulation, the other advantage of this wave equation is that the dispersion and dissipation effects are decoupled. Next, a feasible numerical simulation strategy is proposed. The temporal derivative is solved by the finite-difference approach, moreover, the fractional spatial derivative is calculated in the spatial frequency domain by using the pseudo-spectral method. In the process of numerical simulation, only two-time slices, instead of the full-time wavefields, need to be saved, so the demand for data memory significantly slows down compared with solving the operator of the fractional time differential. Following that, the numerical examples prove that the novel wave equation is capable and efficient for the homogeneous model. The research work contributes to the understanding of complex wavefield phenomena and provides a basis for treating the seismology problems.
Numerical research on ion extraction with resonant charge exchange process
Authors: Lu Xiao-Yong , Yuan Cheng , Gao Yang ,   Research Institute of Physics and Chemical Engineering of Nuclear Industry, Tianjin 300180, China,   Department of Engineering Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Published: July 2021

The electric ion extraction, which plays an important role in productivity and abundance of product, is a critical step in laser isotope separation (LIS) technology. Several collision processes happen during the electric ion extraction, such as resonant and non-resonant charge exchange between ion and atom, the secondary ionization process and the ion-electron recombination. The resonant charge exchange process between target isotope ions and no-target background atoms is one of the major reasons of product contamination. As a result, the study of ion extraction with the consideration of resonant charge exchange process is essential. However, the resonant charge exchange process in ion extraction has not received enough attention. Besides, contradictory findings have been deduced in published studies. Therefore, it is necessary to clarify the effect of resonant charge exchange process in the electric ion extraction. In this article, the particle-in-cell (PIC) method and preprocessing hybrid-PIC method are adopted in both one- and two-dimensional numerical simulation. The preprocessing hybrid-PIC method is a calculation scheme by which accurate results can be obtained with less computational consumption. In this calculation scheme, the PIC method and hybrid-PIC method are used sequentially in different stages of ion extraction process. One-dimensional parallel type simulation cases are carried out under the circumstances of different initial plasma densities, applied voltages and background atom densities. The results show that the resonant charge exchange process happens in both shield layer and sheath layer. The ionic resonant charge exchange proportion in shield layer and sheath layer are related to the ion extraction time and average travel length in background vapor, respectively. Besides, they are proportional to the resonant charge exchange cross section and background atom density. And an empirical formula for deriving the resonant charge exchange ratio roughly is proposed. Two-dimensional simulations are carried out in four electrode configurations: parallel type, alternately biased parallel type, Π-type, and M-type. The extraction mechanisms are discussed and compared with each other. The simulation results show that M-type electrode configuration has the minimum resonant charge exchange ratio and extraction time among the configurations above. The results and conclusions provide an important reference for designing the LIS device.
Scaling the effects of ocean acidification on coral growth and coral–coral competition on coral community recovery
Authors: Evensen Nicolas R. , Bozec Yves-Marie , Edmunds Peter J. , Mumby Peter J.
Published: July 2021

Ocean acidification (OA) is negatively affecting calcification in a wide variety of marine organisms. These effects are acute for many tropical scleractinian corals under short-term experimental conditions, but it is unclear how these effects interact with ecological processes, such as competition for space, to impact coral communities over multiple years. This study sought to test the use of individual-based models (IBMs) as a tool to scale up the effects of OA recorded in short-term studies to community-scale impacts, combining data from field surveys and mesocosm experiments to parameterize an IBM of coral community recovery on the fore reef of Moorea, French Polynesia. Focusing on the dominant coral genera from the fore reef, Pocillopora, Acropora, Montipora and Porites, model efficacy first was evaluated through the comparison of simulated and empirical dynamics from 2010–2016, when the reef was recovering from sequential acute disturbances (a crown-of-thorns seastar outbreak followed by a cyclone) that reduced coral cover to ~0% by 2010. The model then was used to evaluate how the effects of OA (1,100–1,200 µatm pCO2) on coral growth and competition among corals affected recovery rates (as assessed by changes in % cover y−1) of each coral population between 2010–2016. The model indicated that recovery rates for the fore reef community was halved by OA over 7 years, with cover increasing at 11% y−1 under ambient conditions and 4.8% y−1 under OA conditions. However, when OA was implemented to affect coral growth and not competition among corals, coral community recovery increased to 7.2% y−1, highlighting mechanisms other than growth suppression (i.e., competition), through which OA can impact recovery. Our study reveals the potential for IBMs to assess the impacts of OA on coral communities at temporal and spatial scales beyond the capabilities of experimental studies, but this potential will not be realized unless empirical analyses address a wider variety of response variables representing ecological, physiological and functional domains.
Histological and Histochemical Study of Radiofrequency Radiation effects on the Hippocampus during the Pre- and Postnatal Stages of Development
Authors: Owolabi Joshua Oladele , Ilesanmi Olayinka Stephen
Published: July 2021

Background: The research was designed to model the exposure to radiofrequency radiation (RFR) by habitual users of RFR-enabled devices and to observe possible aberrations in tissues that are attributable to exposures. The RFR exposure regimen modelled cases of continuous, and intermittent exposures in human conditions, using Wistar rats. The primary objective of the study was to study intrauterine and postnatal exposure to RFR and study its effects on specific brain structural and functional attributes.

Materials and Methods: Experimental Wistar rats were housed in facilities that enabled exposure to specific type of RFR source (the 4G RFR-emitting internet router) and for specific durations which included 21 days of pregnancy and 35 post-natal days, marking the point of puberty. Following exposure, animals were sacrificed to excise brain tissues for histological analysis using the haematoxylin and eosin technique, histochemical analysis using the Nissl technique, and immunohistochemical techniques including the IBA 1 and Caspase 3 techniques for inflammation and potential apoptosis. Representative histological and histochemical photomicrographs were analysed using principles of qualitative histology and histochemistry.

Results and Conclusion: Findings from the current research showed that RFR-exposure did not produce teratogenic or neurodegenerative effects within the hippocampus. This was evident from the study of the hippocampus’ histoarchitectural organisation, morphologies of the cells as well as their spatial distribution.  Functional integrity of cells in the different regions of the hippocampal formation, namely the CA 1-4 areas as well as the dentate gyrus also showed that Nissl substance expression, which is a marker of neuron functional integrity, was relatively normally expressed across the experimental animals.  This experimental modelling of human habitual exposure to RFR showed no evidence of prenatal teratogenic effects or postnatally induced extensive neurodegeneration up until puberty. However, it would be very important to indicate that RFR-exposure enhanced apoptotic potentials via the Caspase-3 pathway. The implications of this effect on later life mental health and neurological attributes will require further investigation
Baseline Study on Pine Nuts Industry in Khost City, Afghanistan
Authors: Atif Rafiq
Published: July 2021

This study was conducted on the pine nuts industry in the southeast of Afghanistan. This is a baseline study, which has conducted between May 2019 and December 2020. This study aims to provide essential information about the pine nuts industry, especially focused on the supply chain of pine nuts. A structured questionnaire has been used for the data collection to collect demographic information, and information regarding the pine nuts supply chain, pine nuts processing, challenges and opportunities, trade, and marketing, Due to the small size of the population, the census method was used. I interviewed directly the stakeholder and entrepreneurs who are working in the pine nuts industries; the interview has been conducted on local language (Pashto). Chilgoza plays an important role in the socio-economic development of rural societies existing nearby Chilgoza forests. Chilgoza pine forests not only provide pine nuts as a cash crop product but also provide fuelwood, medicinal plants, pasture, and shelter for livestock as well as environment habitat and other ecological services. Nuts of Chilgoza pine are highly valued, collected, and sold by local villagers is a good source of income for them. After extracting nuts from the cones, the owner, sells the empty cones to the people of Khost province of Afghanistan, usually used as fuelwood.
Impact of Green Products on Consumer Purchase Decision in Coimbatore City of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Sivaselvan D. , Samsai T. , Mahendran K.
Published: July 2021

Aim: The purpose of the study is to find the awareness of consumers towards green products, factors influencing them to purchase the green products and the problems faced by consumers while purchasing the green products in Coimbatore city

Design of the Study: The study is empirical in nature as the study aims to find out the Impact of green products on consumer purchase decision in Coimbatore city. The study is carried out with a survey through a well structured interview schedule. Collection of data for the purpose of the research study is in the form of primary data as the study being empirical in nature.

Methodology: The sampling technique involved is purposive sampling. The study is limited only in Coimbatore city. The data were collected from the customer who were aware about the green products. The survey conducted in customers of organised retail stores. In this study, total samples is 100.Tools used for analysis were percentage analysis, factor analysis and Garett’s Ranking Technique.

Findings: Consumer Awareness towards green products was high and it indicated that they were having high environmental concern. Most of the sample respondents were college graduates and they have good knowledge about the green products. Consumer attitude towards purchase of green product was high. Consumer purchase decision of green products was highly based on the Quality and Promotion (Advertisement). High cost is the major problem faced by the sample respondents while purchasing of green products.
Biochemical effects of Short–long Term Extensive Administration of Monosodium Glutamate and Soybean on Wistar Rats
Authors: Agada A. Bob-Chile , Nwachukwu N. , Ibegbulem C. O. , Ene A. C.
Published: July 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of prolonged and excessive consumption of soybean and monosodium glutamate on blood glucose, insulin, and liver function. The quantitative and qualitative determination of oestrogen-like compounds was carried out by chromatography. A total of two hundred and ten (210) Wistar rats (70 – 78g) were divided equally into three groups representing the various experimental durations (2, 4, and 6 months). Each of these groups was further sub-divided equally into fourteen (14) subgroups (7 groups for male rats and 7 groups for female rats). Out of the 7 groups for both the male and female rats, a group represented the control rats only fed commercial rat chow and water, whereas the rest were orally administered any of the 1000 mg/kg b.w (low dose), 2000 mg/kg b.w (medium dose), or 3000 mg/kg b.w (high dose) of aqueous extract of monosodium glutamate or soybean. Diadezein (42.63 mg/100g), and genistein (28.49 mg/100g) were the two most abundant oestrogen-like compounds. After 6 months administration the high dose (H.D) MSG and soybean, significantly altered the blood glucose and insulin levels of both the male and female rats. The liver enzymes levels of the female rats were significantly elevated after 2 months of administration of H.D MSG and soybeans. All the doses of soybean administered for 6 months significantly elevated the liver enzyme levels compared to the control. The administration of H.D MSG for 4 and 6 months significantly increased the total bilirubin levels of female rats while no significant changes were observed following soybeans administration. For the male rats, no significant changes were observed on the total bilirubin levels after the administration soybeans, whereas H.D MSG for 2 months significantly increased the total bilirubin levels (12.00 µmol/l) compared to the control (8.60 µmol/l). This study has shown that regardless of the presence of medicinal compounds in soybeans, excessive prolonged intake compromises the functional integrity of the liver while MSG even at minimal doses poses serious health risks.
The effect of Leverage and Profitability on Corporate Value with Dividend Policy as Moderating Variables (Manufacturing Companies in the Consumer Goods Industry which were Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (Idx) for the Period 2016 – 2018)
Authors: Wahyudi Sely Megawati
Published: July 2021

This study aims to examine and examine the effect of Leverage dan Profitability on Firm Value with dividend policy as moderating variables. The data used in this study are secondary in the form of financial statements of each sample company reported to the IDX from 2016-2018, sourced from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) website, namely www.IDX.co.id

The sample used in this study were 13 companies from 43 manufacturing companies in the consumer goods industry which were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2016 - 2018. The sample was performed using a purposive sampling method. The data analysis used in this research is multiple regression analysis.

This study produces Leverage that has no significant effect on firm value, while profitability has a significant effect on firm value. Dividend policy can moderate the effect of profitability on firm value and dividend policy can moderate the effect of leverage on firm value.
Intravenous L- Carnitine in HD patients and some of its benefits: A single-center Observation
Authors: Megahed Abir Farouk , Hles Ghassoub Mustafa , Elbahnasawy Amany S. , Sayed-Ahmed Nagy
Published: July 2021

The “Type of Article” of this paper is “Letter to the Editor”. This paper discuses about: “Intravenous L- Carnitine in HD patients and some of its benefits: A single-center Observation”. No formal abstract is available. Readers are requested to read the full article.
Effect of Rice-Bran Pretreatment in Biohydrogen Production
Authors: Dada Ebenezer Olujimi , Alade Abass Olanrewaju , Adeniji Ademola Toheeb , Afolabi Tinuade Jolaade
Published: July 2021

This study investigated the effect of different pretreatment methods on sugar liberation from Rice bran (RB) and Deoiled Rice bran (DRB). An amount of 100 g of RB or DRB were soaked in 1% (w/v) trichloroacetic acid (99.0 % stock concentration) separately and each mixture was made up to 1L with distilled water to generate the Acid treated RB hydrolysate (ARB) and acid treated DRB hydrolysate. RB and DRB were also subjected to a combined treatment of acid, hydrothermal (boiling) and enzyme treatments to investigate the effects of the combination of the three different methods. Sugar compositions of pretreated samples were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. It was that there was an increment of more than 400 % and 300 % respectively in the concentration of sugar obtained from acid treated RB and DRB hydrolysates over the untreated RB and DRB hydrolysates. In combined treatment, RB hydrolysates showed an increment of 584% in the amount of total sugar released as well as 500 % increment in DRB hydrolysates. The amount of sugar liberated from DRB hydrolysates is slightly more than the respective RB hydrolysates subjected to same treatment. The increase in the amount of rice bran hydrolysates produced demonstrated that pretreatment of Rice bran with acid, boiling and via enzymatic reactions can increase the amount of biohydrogen produced.
Characterization and Antioxidant Activity of Myrianthus arboreus Seed Oil Harvested from Cote d’Ivoire
Authors: Séverin Katou Yapo , Emmanuel Koffi N’dri , Alexis Gué Lieuné , Kessé N’da Philippe , Akhanovna Mamyrbekova-Békro Janat , Yves-Alain Békro
Published: July 2021

Aims: The rich and diversified Ivorian flora abounds in countless oilseed plants that certain rural populations use for the preparation of dishes. Thus, certain physical and chemical parameters and the fatty acid composition of the fat extracted from the seeds of Myrianthus arboreus from four towns in Côte d'Ivoire (Agboville; Bouaflé; Daloa and Man), were determined, in order to contribute to the development of this wild plant.

Methodology and Results: Physical and chemical parameters determined by dosage comply with Codex Alimentarius standards. These parameters vary according to the harvest area and they show that the oil of Myrianthus arboreus is rich in unsaturated compounds (Iv ˃ 90; Ri = 1.472 ± 0.001) The evaluation of the antioxidant activity, carried out by spectrophotometry by trapping the radical stable DPPH, showed a weak reduction of the stable radical DPPH by the oil of Myrianthus arboreus compared to vitamin C. This investigation also made it possible to determine for the first time the fatty acid composition of the oil of Myrianthus arboreus by GC / MS; more than 90% linoleic acid is the major acid.

Conclusion and Application: The oils analyzed showed very good contents of determined elements. Thus, the oil of Myrianthus arboreus could be used as well in human nutrition as in therapy. Thus, by its intrinsic characteristics, the oil from the seeds of Myrianthus arboreus is comparable to a conventional vegetable oil.
Anti-Amnesic Effect of Curculigo orchioides Plant Extract and Its Function on Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme
Authors: Biswas Kushal , Haque Umme Habiba , Mahbub Nuzhat , Roy Authoi
Published: July 2021

Background: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and one of the most predominant causes of dementia in older people. Preventing acetylcholine from breakdown by an excess amount of acetylcholinesterase is a proven therapy for AD. Traditionally Curculigo orchioides is known for its antioxidant activity, enzyme inhibition activity, and other medicinal uses. In this study, in vitro acetylcholinesterase, inhibitory activity was investigated, and methanolic extract of the plant showed significant activity. This study aims to investigate cholinesterase inhibitory activity, learning, and memory-enhancing activity of Curculigo orchioides.

Materials and Methods: The crude methanol extract of the dried powder was prepared by the cold extraction method. In-vitro acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities were determined by the modified Ellman’s method. To confirm learning and memory-enhancing effects, the scopolamine-induced memory impairment Swiss-albino mice were used, and to find the anti-amnesic effect of the extract, a passive shock avoidance task was applied.

Results: Results proved that scopolamine-induced cognitive dysfunction decreased significantly by administration of the plant extract solution in the passive avoidance task, and inhibited brain acetylcholinesterase activity. While running an in-vitro AChE inhibitory test the IC50 was 0.782±0.067μg/ml.

Conclusion: The results suggested that methanolic extract of Curculigo orchioides can inhibit AChE in-vitro. Besides this, it provides data that proves its ability to improve whole brain AChE activity and enhance memory.
Contraceptive Activity of Vitex doniana Stem Bark Methanol Extract in Female Albino Rats
Authors: Ukwuani-Kwaja Angela Nnenna , Sani Ibrahim , Zubairu Abdulhamid
Published: July 2021

Aims: The acceptability and accessibility of modern contraceptive drugs are limited especially in northern Nigeria. These contraceptives also have numerous side effects hence there is need to search for safe natural alternatives from medicinal plants. This research was aimed at evaluating the contraceptive effect of stem bark methanol extract of Vitex doniana in female albino rats.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Life Science, Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero, Kebbi State, Nigeria. Between August 2019 to July 2020.

Methodology: Vitex doniana stem bark was extracted with methanol and the extract was subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening. Acute toxicity (LD50) of V. doniana stem bark extract was determined using up and down method and anti-fertility effect was evaluated via (anti-ovulation, anti-implantation and serum hormonal assay).

Results: The results for phytochemical screening showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, steroids, glycoside, balsam and volatile oil. The LD50 of the extract was estimated to be greater than 5000 mg/kg as no mortality or any sign of toxicity are recorded within 14 days. The anti-fertility studies, methanol stem bark extract of Vitex doniana showed anti-ovulation activity through alteration of estrous cycle, changes in the histology of ovarian corpus luteum and decreasing number of follicles of extract treatment groups compared to control. Serum hormonal assay showed significant decrease (P<0.05) in oestrogen and progesterone level respectively in the extract treated groups compared to control group. Also, anti-implantation effect was observed in drug treated group (levenogesterel) and group treated with 400 mg/kg of V. doniana stem bark as there was no evidence of conception.

Conclusion: The present study revealed that methanol stem bark extract of Vitex doniana is relatively nontoxic at acute dose and possess a moderate amount of antifertility agent.
Recycling of Crop Residues for Sustainable Soil Health Management: A Review
Authors: Dadhich Sunil Kumar , Yadav Govind Kumar , Yadav Kamlesh , Kumawat Chiranjeev , Munalia Mahesh Kumar
Published: July 2021

Burning of crop residues have become a challenging issue for scientist’s community as well as policy makers worldwide as it directly affects environment, soil health and the productivity of crops. Microbial mediated recycling of crop residues into an amorphous dark brown to black colloidal humus like substance under conditions of optimum temperature, moisture and aeration is need of the hour. Crop residue recycling increases sequestration of organic carbon in soil which ultimately leads to improve soil physical, chemical and biological health. Organic carbon acts as a reservoir for nutrients, needed in crop production. Crop residue management recycling is a cost-effective option for minimizing agriculture's input with maximizing output. Besides supplying nutrients to the current crop, their residual effects on succeeding crops in the system are also important. This review emphasizes on crop residue recycling by different techniques. This review paper maybe helpful to the policy makers and researchers.