bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 is involved in glycogen metabolism control and embryogenesis of Rhodnius prolixus
Authors: MURY FLÁVIA B. , LUGON MAGDA D. , DA FONSECA RODRIGO NUNES , SILVA JOSE R. , BERNI MATEUS , ARAUJO HELENA M. , FONTENELE MARCIO RIBEIRO , ABREU LEONARDO ARAUJO DE , DANSA MARÍLVIA , BRAZ GLÓRIA , MASUDA HATISABURO , LOGULLO CARLOS
Published: August 2016

Rhodnius prolixus is a blood-feeding insect that transmits Trypanosoma cruzi and Trypanosoma rangeli to vertebrate hosts. Rhodnius prolixus is also a classical model in insect physiology, and the recent availability of R. prolixus genome has opened new avenues on triatomine research. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is classically described as a key enzyme involved in glycogen metabolism, also acting as a downstream component of the Wnt pathway during embryogenesis. GSK-3 has been shown to be highly conserved among several organisms, mainly in the catalytic domain region. Meanwhile, the role of GSK-3 during R. prolixus embryogenesis or glycogen metabolism has not been investigated. Here we show that chemical inhibition of GSK-3 by alsterpaullone, an ATP-competitive inhibitor of GSK3, does not affect adult survival rate, though it alters oviposition and egg hatching. Specific GSK-3 gene silencing by dsRNA injection in adult females showed a similar phenotype. Furthermore, bright field and 4’−6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining analysis revealed that ovaries and eggs from dsGSK-3 injected females exhibited specific morphological defects. We also demonstrate that glycogen content was inversely related to activity and transcription levels of GSK-3 during embryogenesis. Lastly, after GSK-3 knockdown, we observed changes in the expression of the Wingless (Wnt) downstream target β-catenin as well as in members of other pathways such as the receptor Notch. Taken together, our results show that GSK-3 regulation is essential for R. prolixus oogenesis and embryogenesis.
Morphophysiological and cuticular chemical alterations caused byXenosentomophagus endoparasites in the social waspPolistes ferreri(Hymenoptera, Vespidae)
Authors: TORRES VIVIANA DE OLIVEIRA , SOARES EVA RAMONA PEREIRA , LIMA LUAN DIAS , LIMA SANDRO MARCIO , ANDRADE LUIS HUMBERTO DA CUNHA , ANTONIALLI-JUNIOR WILLIAM FERNANDO
Published: August 2016

Social wasps can face many challenges during their colony cycle, including the presence of parasites. The order Strepsiptera is among the main parasites of the wasp genusPolistes. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an endoparasite species on the hostPolistes ferreri, with the hypothesis that females of this social wasp would undergo morphophysiological alterations as well as changes in their cuticular chemical profile caused by the obligate endoparasite. On average, parasitism was found in 10% of the colonies studied. All the parasitized females showed filamentous ovarioles without developing oocytes, which indicates a physiological castration. Moreover, the endoparasites present in the gaster of females caused its volume to increase, and the presence of endoparasites changed the cuticular chemical profiles of females, confirming our hypothesis. It is likely that this parasitism effect could hamper the maintenance of wasp colonies.
TRUTH LIES IN THE DETAILS: IDENTIFYING AN APIARY IN THE MINIATURE WALL PAINTING FROM AKROTIRI, THERA
Authors: Papageorgiou Irini
Published: August 2016

One of a number of enigmatic depictions in the Aegean iconography of the second millenniumbceis the structure painted on the south wall of the Miniature Frieze from the West House at Akrotiri, Thera. This structure covers the slope of a hill and consists of two vertical blue bands on its western edge and four horizontal blue bands, all with features indicating masonry construction. Five rows of black triangles alternate with the horizontal bands. Each triangle has a round opening in its base. Unique in Aegean iconography, it has been interpreted as a dovecote, a shipshed, a storage space, a rock-cut structure with triangular niches, a geological formation and even a stretch of land with terraces and a vineyard. In one very brief reference it has been identified with an apiary.

In line with contemporary rules of perspective, certain details suggest this structure could represent an apiary on a terraced area, protected on its western edge by a wall to windward. The triangular elements must depict the vertical-type fixed-comb woven beehives, which were in use until quite recently in Greece. A road leading from the apiary and connecting the settlement with the tripartite building at the top of the hill completes the elements needed for organised beekeeping. Similarly, there is a trapezoidal expanse of blue to the east of it which probably depicts a pond, another essential element of beekeeping. Both the extent of the area covered by the installation and the prominence of beekeeping products (indicated by chemical analysis and references on Linear B tablets) raise questions about the management of the apiary and the function of the building at the top of the hill.
Participation in community activities through Naturally Occurring Retirement Community (NORC) Supportive Service Programs
Authors: GREENFIELD EMILY A. , MAULDIN REBECCA L.
Published: August 2016

Naturally Occurring Retirement Community Supportive Service Programs (NORC Programs) constitute a national model in the United States of America that aims to benefit older adults ageing in place in their own homes and communities. One central aspect of NORC Programs is the provision of community activities to facilitate older adults’ connections with others. Guided by ecological systems theory, we explored from older adults’ perspectives what influences their participation in the community activities offered by NORC Programs, as well as the meaning of the social contact that such participation affords. We used data from an in-depth interview study with 41 older residents across seven NORC Program sites in the greater New York City area. Themes regarding influences on participation included individual circumstances (personal desire for social activity and health status), programmatic factors (relationships with staff and appeal of the activities) and community contexts (appeal of the other attendees). Perceptions of other attendees also emerged as an influence on the social effects of participation, which ranged from experiencing social contact alone to creating independent friendships. Overall, findings indicate that programme features combine with individual and community contexts to influence diverse experiences of community activities. In addition to implications for organisational practice, we interpret the results in terms of directions for future research regarding how community-based organisations can influence social integration in later life.
Poverty in old age: evidence from Hong Kong
Authors: CHAN LIH-SHING , CHOU KEE-LEE
Published: August 2016

The Hong Kong population will age rapidly over the next three decades and the entailing problem of old-age poverty will put the Hong Kong government to test. While the government has been using a solely income-based measurement, the main purpose of this study is to assess poverty rates among Hong Kong's older population in terms of both income and consumption-based measurements by using both relative and absolute concepts of poverty. It also examines the association of socio-economic and household characteristics with elder poverty rates. A two-stage stratified sample design was adopted. A total of 4,306 older adults were personally interviewed in their homes, yielding a response rate of 66.2 per cent. This study contributes to the larger study on poverty in Hong Kong by revealing how income and consumption poverty rates may differ among older adults. Older adults who were both income and consumption poor were more likely to be female, widowed, living alone and to have received less than an elementary school-level education. They possessed very few assets and were most likely financially dependent on family support and welfare payments. To understand fully the economic wellbeing of older adults in Hong Kong, this study proposes that joint distribution of income and consumption poverty can better identify and explain the demographic characteristics of the poor older adults. Implications of the study are discussed based on the neo-liberalist approach that the Hong Kong government has taken in welfare provisions.
Older people's relationships with their adult children in multicultural Australia: a comparison of Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants
Authors: LIN XIAOPING , BRYANT CHRISTINA , BOLDERO JENNIFER , DOW BRIONY
Published: August 2016

Against the background of population ageing and increasing cultural diversity in many Western countries, the study examined differences and similarities between Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants in their relationships with adult children. The specific research questions were: (a) are there differences between these groups in the nature of parent–child relationships; and (b) if there were differences, did these differences reflect the Confucian concept of filial piety among older Chinese immigrants. The solidarity–conflict model and the concept of ambivalence were used to quantify parent–child relationships. Data from 122 community-dwelling people aged 65 and over (60 Australian-born and 62 Chinese-born people) were collected using standardised interviews. There were significant differences between the two groups for all relationship dimensions except associative solidarity. Compared to Australian participants, Chinese participants were more likely to live with their children. However, when they did not live with their children, they lived further away. They were also more likely to receive, but less likely to provide, instrumental help. Finally, they reported higher levels of normative solidarity, conflict and ambivalence, and lower levels of affectual and consensual solidarity. The differences in solidarity dimensions persisted when socio-demographic variables were controlled for. The study revealed complex differences in the nature of older parent–child relationships between Australian-born people and Chinese immigrants. Some of these differences, such as more prevalent multigenerational living among older Chinese immigrants, likely reflect the strong influence of filial piety among this group. However, differences in other dimensions, such as lower levels of consensual solidarity, might be associated with the Chinese participants’ experience as immigrants. This study also highlights the usefulness of the solidarity–conflict model as a theoretical framework to understand the nature of parent–child relationships among older Chinese immigrants.
Wronski's Foundations of Mathematics
Authors: Wagner Roi
Published: August 2016

Argument

This paper reconstructs Wronski's philosophical foundations of mathematics. It uses his critique of Lagrange's algebraic analysis as a vignette to introduce the problems that he raised, and argues that these problems have not been properly appreciated by his contemporaries and subsequent commentators. The paper goes on to reconstruct Wronski's mathematical law of creation and his notions of theory and techne, in order to put his objections to Lagrange in their philosophical context. Finally, Wronski's proof of his universal law (the expansion of a given function by any series of functions) is reviewed in terms of the above reconstruction. I argue that Wronski's philosophical approach poses an alternative to the views of his contemporary mainstream mathematicians, which brings up the contingency of their choices, and bridges the foundational concerns of early modernity with those of the twentieth-century foundations crisis. I also argue that Wronski's views may be useful to contemporary philosophy of mathematical practice, if they are read against their metaphysical grain.
Orthodromes and Loxodromes in Marine Navigation
Authors: Lenart Andrzej S.
Published: August 2016

Procedures based on solutions of the direct and inverse geodetic problems are presented and their application in orthodromic and loxodromic navigation is analysed. They can be used in traditional navigation during a route planning and during sailing on the planned route in real time. The optimal division of orthodromes during planning and locally predicted short loxodromes during sailing – which allow orthodromic navigation also in manual steering – are proposed.
Litchfield Unbound: Unlocking Legal History with Metadata, Digitization, and Digital Tools
Authors: Eiseman Jason , Bagnall Whitney , Kellett Cate , Lam Caitlyn
Published: August 2016

Notebooks written by students at the Litchfield Law School are among the primary sources for understanding the influence of English law in this country. The notebooks provide rich documentation of how the common law and elements of English law were presented, explained, and compared with American law in a formal classroom setting during the Early Republic. The digitization project described here, the first large-scale digitization initiative undertaken at the Lillian Goldman Law Library at Yale Law School, with the cooperation of the Litchfield Historical Society, is intended to organize, describe, and analyze those notebooks with a web site containing a database, bibliography, inventory, and links to images. The Litchfield student notebook project was intended not only to create digital surrogates of important historical sources, but also to inform future digital legal history projects at the Lillian Goldman Law Library.
Short-term effects of atmospheric pressure, temperature, and rainfall on notification rate of community-acquired Legionnaires' disease in four European countries
Authors: BEAUTÉ J. , SANDIN S. , ULDUM S. A. , ROTA M. C. , BRANDSEMA P. , GIESECKE J. , SPARÉN P.
Published: August 2016

Legionnaires' disease (LD) is caused by the inhalation of aerosols containing Legionella, a Gram-negative bacteria. Previous national- or regional-level studies have suggested an impact of climate on LD incidence. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature, rainfall, and atmospheric pressure on short-term variations in LD notification rate. EU/EEA Member States report their LD surveillance data to the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control. Community-acquired LD cases reported by Denmark, Germany, Italy, and The Netherlands with onset date in 2007–2012 were aggregated by onset week and region of residence. Weather variables were extracted from the European Climate Assessment & Dataset project. We fitted Poisson regression models to estimate the association between meteorological variables and the weekly number of community-acquired LD cases. Temperature, rainfall and atmospheric pressure were all associated with LD risk with higher risk associated with simultaneous increase in temperature and rainfall. Temperatures >20 °C were not associated with a higher risk for LD. LD cases occurring during wintertime may be associated with sources less influenced by meteorological conditions.
VICTORIAN READERS
Authors: Bailin Miriam
Published: August 2016

There is, perhaps, no richer archiveof Victorian reading experiences than Victorian literature itself. We know how Maggie Tulliver, child of the rural Midlands in the early years of the nineteenth century, felt when reading theImitation of Christin the bleak aftermath of her father's bankruptcy, how the young David Copperfield felt sitting on his bed in Suffolk, “reading as if for life” in the shadow of an abusive home life (56; ch. iv), and how a besieged Jane Eyre felt reading Bewick'sHistory of British Birdsin the window-seat at Gateshead; we know because Eliot, Dickens, and Brontë trace those feelings and their significance in vivid detail. We know more: Maggie's book, is a “little, old, clumsy book. . .the corners turned down in many places” with “certain passages” marked in “strong pen and ink,” one of a job lot brought to her by Bob, the packman (301; bk. 4, ch. 3). We know that the novels available to David from the small collection on his father's shelf were largely picaresque tales from a hundred years earlier,Gil Blas,Humphrey Clinker, andRoderick Random; and that Jane was reading the second volume of Bewick'sBirdswith its evocative vignettes in the introductory pages, an edition whose letter-press the ten-year-old Jane “cared little for” (14; vol. 1, ch. 1).
VERNACULAR OBJECTS | INDIAN MUTINY | IMPERIAL PANIC
Authors: Thakur Gautam Basu
Published: August 2016

This paper is a studyof subject-object relations in British writings about the Indian Uprising of 1857. I focus in particular on accounts vocalizing panic over a colony of objects “baldly encountered” and “not quite apprehended” in the context of remembering and remediating traumatic memories of the Uprising (Brown 5). What follows is an exercise in object-oriented investigation, reading depictions of subject-object and object-subject encounters, analyzingmatters-of-concernemerging from the events of 1857 (Latour, “Realpolitik” 14; also,Reassembling70n80, 114–20).
“HOSPITABLE INFINITY”: IMAGINING NEW PROSPECTS AND OTHER WORLDS IN VICTORIAN COSMIC VOYAGE LITERATURE
Authors: Daw Gillian
Published: August 2016

On September 3, 1841, George Eliot wrote in a letter to her friend Maria Lewis:

I have been revelling in Nichol's Architecture of the heavens and Phenomena of the Solar system, and have been in imagination winging my flight from system to system, from universe to universe, trying to conceive myself in such a position and with such a visual faculty as would enable me to enjoy what Young enumerates among the novelties of the ‘stranger’ man when he burst the shell, to

Behold an infinite of floating worldsDivide the crystal waves of ether pure,In endless voyage without port

‘Hospitable infinity!’ Nichol beautifully says. (Letters106–07)1

Here, Eliot describes an imaginary journey through the systems of the heavens and the unbounded space of the universe. The books she refers to are John Pringle Nichol'sViews of the Architecture of the Heavens. In a Series of Letters to a Lady(1837), andThe Phenomena and Order of the Solar System(1838). InViews of the Architecture of the Heavens, Nichol takes his readers on a tour of the universe with the aim of helping them to “henceforth look at the Heavens” with “something of the emotion which their greatness communicates to the accomplished Astronomer” (vii). Eliot's quote is from Edward Young's poemThe Complaint, or Night Thoughts(1742), where the narrator describes a cosmic voyage he takes in “contemplation's rapid car” stopping at every planet asking for the Deity. From “Saturn's ring,” he takes a more fearless “bolder flight” through the stars with a “bold” cometAmid those sov'reign glories of the skies,Of independent, native lustre, proud;The souls of systems! and the lords of life,Through their wide empires! (276)In Young's scenes of majestic cosmic perspective, the reader, with the narrator, discovers the vastness of space and the existence of other worlds: “On nature's Alps I stand, / And see a thousand firmaments beneath! / A thousand systems! as a thousand grains!” (277). The theme of the cosmic journey enables the reader to explore the universe, often looking back at the earth as they travel through space in their imagination and frequently in a dream. Overcoming the limits of knowledge, the immeasurable distances of the universe and its other worlds become more knowable.
PERVERTS TO ROME: PROTESTANT GENDER ROLES AND THE ABJECTION OF CATHOLICISM
Authors: Mazurek Monika
Published: August 2016

“Anti-Catholicism has always beenthe pornography of the Puritan,” noticed Richard Hofstadter in his famous essay “The Paranoid Style in American Politics” (21). This observation, made in the 1960s, draws upon centuries-old tradition of casting Catholics in the role of sexual perverts, not only in American politics but also in British politics and culture. Through the study of anti-Catholic Victorian writing we can analyse the particular crux embodied in Hofstadter's pithy remark: a mixture of moral superiority combined with prurient enjoyment of the described practices it purports to condemn. This part of my study is dedicated to the Victorian novel and its depictions of Catholic sexuality, which, as the novelists often suggested, was either stifled and warped or rampant, but either way it transgressed the boundaries delineated by the Protestant family ideal. It also discusses Victorian gender roles and the ways in which Catholicism was allegedly undermining them.
SILKWORMS AND SHIPWRECKS: SUSTAINABILITY INDOMBEY AND SON
Authors: Parkins Wendy
Published: August 2016

Seeking to prepare her friendLucretia Tox for the revelation of Mr Dombey's engagement, Louisa Chick, Dombey's sister, turns to the natural world to illustrate the inevitability of change:

It's a world of change. . . .Why, my gracious me, what is there that doesnotchange! Even the silkworm, who I am sure might be supposed not to trouble itself about such subjects, changes into all sorts of unexpected things continually. (434; ch. 29)

For Mrs Chick, the silkworm seems to exemplify the truism that change is a natural and inevitable part of life but, in the context of global sericulture, her example is perhaps more apposite than she realizes. Silk production not only radically terminates the natural metamorphosis from caterpillar to moth, it also constitutes an industry subject to the volatilities of global trade and regulation, the cycles of fashion, the impact of new technologies, not to mention the vagaries of disease, climate and habitat. While Britain had been importing raw silk from China in limited supplies from the eighteenth century onwards, by the timeDombey and Sonwas written, the devastation of sericultural crops in France and Italy by a disease which had been spreading since the 1820s allowed Britain to benefit from the treaty port system (established as a result of the Opium Wars) and re-export raw silk to the Continent (Ma 332–3). Thus, silk – circulating around the world, and linking producers of the raw material in India, China, or Japan with child labourers in Macclesfield, handloom weavers in Spitalfields, textile designers in France, and wealthy consumers in London – positions the humble silkworm within complex and dynamic networks of uncertain sustainability.
DISTANT VIEWS:DANIEL DERONDA, ILLUSTRATED TRAVEL BOOKS, AND THE SPECTRE OF PALESTINE
Authors: Wolfe Jessica Duffin
Published: August 2016

George Eliot'sDaniel Deronda(1876), a novel that spurred Zionism in Palestine, opens with a scene of watching and thus moves from a male gaze on a woman's body to a project of envisioning a new nation in a distant land. The national drama of the novel turns on the ideological meaning of gazing at landscape, as Daniel Deronda replaces one political perspective with another. Indeed, Mordecai's political dream of a Jewish national future involves “Looking towards a land” (454; bk. 6, ch. 42): his nationalist vision transpires as a gaze upon a far-off place. Colonial ambition itself can be understood as an ideological view of landscape as open to possession, a gaze on the territory of others that insists often violently on itself, to the exclusion of other political perspectives. Motivated not by sex but by moral and political domination, this colonial gaze nationalizes viewership, and makes the landscape it imagines real. For Deronda himself, nationality itself is a kind of viewership. He wants to study abroad, because, he says, “I want to be an Englishman, but I want to understand other points of view” (155; bk. 2, ch. 16). Being an Englishman is a “point of view,” a perspective to claim, to the possible exclusion of other nationalized ways of seeing landscapes both domestic and distant.
TEMPTATION AND SELF-CONTROL IN A MONETARY ECONOMY
Authors: Hiraguchi Ryoji
Published: August 2016

We construct a microfounded model of money with Gul–Pesendorfer preferences. In each period, agents are tempted to spend all their money by the end of the period, and they suffer from the forgone utility that could have been obtained by adopting the tempting choice. We find that the Friedman rule may not be optimal. A positive nominal interest rate improves welfare because it reduces the real money balances and renders the temptation less attractive. The welfare gained by deviating from the rule is equivalent to 0.67% of consumption.
OPTIMAL MEAN–VARIANCE REINSURANCE WITH COMMON SHOCK DEPENDENCE
Authors: MING ZHIQIN , LIANG ZHIBIN , ZHANG CAIBIN
Published: August 2016

We consider the optimal proportional reinsurance problem for an insurer with two dependent classes of insurance business, where the two claim number processes are correlated through a common shock component. Using the technique of stochastic linear–quadratic control theory and the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman equation, we derive the explicit expressions for the optimal reinsurance strategies and value function, and present the verification theorem within the framework of the viscosity solution. Furthermore, we extend the results in the linear–quadratic setting to the mean–variance problem, and obtain an efficient strategy and frontier. Some numerical examples are given to show the impact of model parameters on the efficient frontier.
From end of life to chronic care: the provision of community home-based care for HIV and the adaptation to new health care demands in Zambia
Authors: Aantjes Carolien J. , Simbaya Joseph , Quinlan Tim K.C. , Bunders Joske F.G.
Published: August 2016

Aim

We present the evolution of primary-level HIV and AIDS services, shifting from end of life to chronic care, and draw attention to the opportunities and threats for the future of Zambia’s nascent chronic care system.

Background

Although African governments struggled to provide primary health care services in the context of a global economic crisis, civil society organisations (CSO) started mobilising settlement residents to respond to another crisis: the HIV and AIDS pandemic. These initiatives actively engaged patients, families and settlement residents to provide home-based care to HIV-infected patients. After 30 years, CHBC programmes continue to be appropriate in the context of changing health care needs in the population.

Methods

The study took place in 2011 and 2012 and was part of a multi-country study. It used a mixed method approach involving semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, structured interviews, service observations and a questionnaire survey.

Findings

Our research revealed long-standing presence of extensive mutual support amongst residents in many settlements, the invocation of cultural values that emphasise social relationships and organisation of people by CSO in care and support programmes. This laid the foundation for a locally conceived model of chronic care capable of addressing the new care demands arising from the country’s changing burden of disease. However, this capacity has come under threat as the reduction in donor funding to community home-based care programmes and donor and government interventions, which have changed the nature of these programmes in the country. Zambia’s health system risks losing valuable capacity for fulfilling its vision ‘to bring health care as close to the family as possible’ if government strategies do not acknowledge the need for transformational approaches to community participation and continuation of the brokering role by CSO in primary health care.
The Ambassadorial LPs of Dizzy Gillespie:World StatesmanandDizzy in Greece
Authors: MUELLER DARREN
Published: August 2016

In 1956, trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie became the first jazz musician to participate in the State Department's Cultural Presentations program, a highly public aspect of U.S. Government's Cold War propaganda efforts abroad. Seeking to capitalize on this historic moment, Gillespie's record company issued two LPs featuring his ambassadorial ensemble: World Statesman (1956) and Dizzy in Greece (1957). To date, scholarship about the tours highlights how Gillespie skillfully navigated the shifting political landscape both on and off the bandstand. The role that commercial record making played in the renegotiation of African Americans’ social position during this era, however, remains undertheorized. This article reveals how, despite the albums’ claims of representation from abroad, the LPs contain only a small portion of Gillespie's tour repertoire. I argue that these LPs were never meant to document the tours with veracity; rather, they were products of a political and technological moment when Gillespie's record label could leverage musical diplomacy to circulate an elevated vision for jazz within the country's cultural hierarchy.
Cheryl Crawford'sPorgy and Bess: Navigating Cultural Hierarchy in 1941
Authors: LYNCH CHRISTOPHER
Published: August 2016

This article analyzes the revisions producer Cheryl Crawford and her team made toPorgy and Bessfor a revival that opened in Maplewood, New Jersey, in 1941 and moved to Broadway in early 1942. Crawford's revisions addressed criticisms of the opera that had first been issued at its premiere in 1935, especially complaints about its dramatic viability and the appropriateness of African American performers in opera. The revisions distancedPorgy and Bessfrom the practices of the Metropolitan Opera House, which the press routinely criticized as antiquated and dull. They also reduced the amount of operatic recitative, which Crawford saw as “out of keeping with the black milieu,” strategically reserving the device for specific moments that played into the stereotype of African Americans as naturally musical. In her marketing of the show, Crawford reframed the critical discussion ofPorgy and Bessby deflecting attention away from disputes over genre and race and toward the structural and formal qualities of the work. These strategies, which were aimed at attracting a broad audience with divergent values and aesthetic preferences, proved successful. Whereas the 1935 production was a commercial failure, Crawford'sPorgy and Bessbecame a hit, marking a crucial step toward the establishment of the work in the American operatic repertoire.
SURREAL TIME AND ULTRATASKS
Authors: AL-DHALIMY HAIDAR , GEYER CHARLES J.
Published: August 2016

This paper suggests that time could have a much richer mathematical structure than that of the real numbers. Clark & Read (1984) argue that a hypertask (uncountably many tasks done in a finite length of time) cannot be performed. Assuming that time takes values in the real numbers, we give a trivial proof of this. If we instead take the surreal numbers as a model of time, then not only are hypertasks possible but so is an ultratask (a sequence which includes one task done for each ordinal number—thus a proper class of them). We argue that the surreal numbers are in some respects a better model of the temporal continuum than the real numbers as defined in mainstream mathematics, and that surreal time and hypertasks are mathematically possible.
Millimeter-Wave Fresnel Zone Plate Lens with new technological process
Authors: Jouade Antoine , Bor Jonathan , Himdi Mohamed , Lafond Olivier
Published: August 2016

Fresnel Zone Plate lens (FZPL) antennas working in the V and W band are reported in this paper with half and quarter phase correction respectively. A low cost and straightforward technological process is used to manufacture the dielectric lenses using only one foam material where the dielectric constant is controlled. Simulation and measurement results are in good agreement that confirms the viability of such a process to fabricate inhomogeneous structures. Good loss efficiency of 73 and 55% are obtained at 60 and 85 GHz respectively with the two different FZPL designs.
Small embedded LTE/WWAN antenna integrated with keyboard ground plane in a laptop computer
Authors: Chen Shu-Chuan , Lee Yun-Tsan , Wu Po-Wei
Published: August 2016

A novel small embedded long-term evolution/wireless wide area network (LTE/WWAN) antenna integrated with the keyboard ground plane in a laptop computer is presented. The antenna is installed on a notched region (40 × 8 mm2) of the keyboard ground plane at a distance of 10 mm from the laptop computer hinge. A coupled-fed loop antenna was used because of its suitability for integration with the ground plane and achieving wide operating bands. This antenna can not only be configured to have a compact configuration but also be designed to excite several resonant modes of the hinge slot between the display ground plane and the keyboard ground plane. The proposed antenna comprises a hook-shaped strip and a shorted strip, which together form a coupled-fed loop that not only has a compact size when printed on a 0.8-mm-thick FR4 substrate 40 × 8 mm2in size but also provides eight-band LTE/WWAN operation. The proposed antenna can cover LTE/WWAN operation in the 698–960 and 1710–2690 MHz bands. Details of the antenna structure are provided here. The proposed antenna was fabricated and tested, and measurement and simulation results are presented. The measured antenna efficiency was approximately 45–80% in the lower band and approximately 52–75% in the upper band.
Global mental health in low and middle income, especially African countries
Authors: Freeman M.
Published: August 2016

Mental health for all is the main goal of the global mental health movement. Central characteristics to achieving this are examination of the social determinants of health and a more preventive approach; greater task shifting or task sharing; emphasis on common as well as serious mental disorder; a strong research base and a commitment to human rights. Putting the interventions in place in countries with limited resources and particularly African countries that will best promote mental health is challenging and requires a careful balancing of priorities and approaches. Evidence in the form of randomised control trials and cost-effectiveness studies are necessary but not sufficient to achieving the set objectives. This editorial points to various considerations that may contribute towards the quest for mental health for all.
State of the art of population-based attitude research on mental health: a systematic review
Authors: Angermeyer M. C. , Schomerus G.
Published: August 2016

Aims.

Population surveys have become a frequently used method to explore stigma, help-seeking and illness beliefs related to mental illness. Methodological quality however differs greatly between studies, and our current knowledge seems heavily biased towards high-income countries. A critical appraisal of advances and shortcomings of psychiatric attitude research is missing. This review summarises and appraises the state of the art in population-based attitude research on mental health.

Methods.

Systematic review of all peer-reviewed papers reporting representative population studies on beliefs and attitudes about mental disorders published between January 2005 and December 2014 (n = 478).

Results.

Over the decade covered by this review considerably more papers on psychiatric attitude research have been published than over the whole time period before. Most papers originated in Europe (36.3%), North America (23.2%) and Australia (22.6%), only 14.6% of all papers included data from low- or middle income countries. The vast majority of papers (80.1%) used correlational cross-sectional analyses, only 4% used experimental or quasi-experimental designs. Data in 45.9% of all papers were obtained with face-to-face interviews, followed by telephone (34.5%), mail (7.3%) and online surveys (4.0%). In almost half of papers (44.6%) case-vignettes served as stimulus for eliciting responses from interviewees. In 20.7% instruments meeting established psychometric criteria were used. The most frequently studied disorder was depression (44.6% of all paper), followed by schizophrenia (33%). 11.7% of papers reported time trend analyses of attitudes and beliefs, 7.5% cross-cultural comparisons. The most common focus of research was on mental health literacy (in total 63.4% of all papers, followed by various forms of stigma (48.3%).There was a scarcity of papers (12.1%) based on established theoretical frameworks.

Conclusions.

In the current boom of attitude research, an avant-garde of studies uses profound and innovative methodology, but there are still blind spots and a large proportion of conventional studies. We discuss current and future methodological challenges that psychiatric attitude research needs to embrace. More innovative and methodologically sound studies are needed to provide an empirical basis for evidence-based interventions aimed at reducing misconceptions about mental disorders and improve attitudes towards those afflicted.
Efficacy of a Sleep Quality Intervention in People With Low Back Pain: Protocol for a Feasibility Randomized Co-Twin Controlled Trial
Authors: Pinheiro Marina B. , Ho Kevin K. , Ferreira Manuela L. , Refshauge Kathryn M. , Grunstein Ron , Hopper John L. , Maher Christopher G. , Koes Bart W. , Ordoñana Juan R. , Ferreira Paulo H.
Published: August 2016

Poor sleep quality is highly prevalent in patients with low back pain (LBP) and is associated with high levels of pain, psychological distress, and physical disability. Studies have reported a bidirectional relationship between sleep problems and intensity of LBP. Accordingly, effective management of LBP should address sleep quality. In addition, genetics has been found to significantly affect the prevalence of both LBP and insomnia. Our study aims to establish the feasibility of a trial exploring the efficacy of a web-based sleep quality intervention in people with LBP, with the genetic influences being controlled for. 30 twins (15 complete pairs) with subacute or chronic LBP (>6 weeks) will be recruited from the Australian Twin Registry. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of the two groups with each twin within a pair receiving either an interactive web-based sleep intervention based on cognitive behavioral therapy principles (intervention) or a web-based education program (control) for 6 weeks. The feasibility of the trial will be investigated with regard to recruitment rate, feasibility of data collection and outcome measure completion, contamination of intervention, acceptability and experience of intervention, and sample size requirement for the full trial. Patient outcomes will be collected electronically at baseline, immediately post-treatment, and at 3-months’ follow-up post-randomization. This trial employs a robust design that will effectively control for the influence of genetics on treatment effect. Additionally, this study addresses sleep quality, a significant but under-explored issue in LBP. Results will inform the design and implementation of the definitive trial.
Prävalenz und Behandlungsraten von Störungen durch Alkoholkonsum in der primärärztlichen Versorgung in Deutschland
Authors: Trautmann Sebastian , Pieper Lars , Kuitunen-Paul Sören , Manthey Jakob , Wittchen Hans-Ulrich , Bühringer Gerhard , Rehm Jürgen
Published: August 2016

Zusammenfassung. Zielsetzung: Erfassung der Prävalenz und Behandlungsraten von Störungen durch Alkoholkonsum (SdA) in der primärärztlichen Versorgung in Deutschland. Methodik: Die Stichprobe umfasst 1356 von 2304 diagnostizierten Patienten mit SdA aus 76 von 207 zufällig gezogenen Hausarztpraxen in Berlin, Brandenburg und Sachsen. Daten zu Diagnosen, störungsbezogener Behandlung und Behandlungskorrelaten wurden 2013/2014 durch Dokumentation der Ärzte sowie durch persönliche/telefonische Patientenbefragung erfasst (Stichtagserhebung). Ergebnisse: In der primärärztlichen Versorgung lag die 12-Monatsprävalenz der Alkoholabhängigkeit bei 17.0 % für Männer und 6.4 % für Frauen, die Behandlungsrate betrug für Männer 22.3 % und für Frauen 6.7 %. Die Prävalenz von Alkoholmissbrauch (nur Patientenbefragung) lag bei 3.6 %, hier befand sich keiner der Fälle aktuell in einer störungsbezogenen Behandlung. Konsummenge und -muster (Hochkonsum, Rauschtrinken) sowie somatische (Lebererkrankung) und psychische (schwere psychische Belastung) Komorbidität waren positiv mit dem Behandlungsstatus assoziiert. Schlussfolgerungen: Trotz hoher Prävalenz ist die Behandlungsrate von SdA in der primärärztlichen Versorgung gering, wobei v. a. Patienten mit einer schweren SdA sowie somatischen und psychischen Folgeerscheinungen behandelt werden. Durch frühzeitiges Erkennen von SdA und eine frühere Initiierung einer Behandlung könnten niedergelasssene Ärzte zur Vermeidung einer Chronifizierung mit entsprechenden Folgeschäden beitragen.
Erratum: Enhancement of the in vivo persistence and antitumor efficacy of CD19 chimeric antigen receptor T cells through the delivery of modified TERT mRNA
Authors: Bai Yun , Kan Shifeng , Zhou Shixin , Wang Yuting , Xu Jun , Cooke John P , Wen Jinhua , Deng Hongkui
Published: August 2016

Correction to: Cell Discovery (2015) 1, 15040; doi:10.1038/celldisc.2015.40; published online 8 December 2015 In the initial published version of this article, there was an inadvertent omission from the Acknowledgements that the contribution of John P Cooke to this work was funded in part by a Core Facility Support Award from the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas (RP150611).
Enhancing droplet deposition through in-situ precipitation
Authors: Damak Maher , Hyder Md Nasim , Varanasi Kripa K.
Published: August 2016

Retention of agricultural sprays on plant surfaces is an important
challenge. Bouncing of sprayed pesticide droplets from leaves is a major source of
soil and groundwater pollution and pesticide overuse. Here we report a method to
increase droplet deposition through in-situ
formation of hydrophilic surface defects that can arrest droplets during impact.
Defects are created by simultaneously spraying oppositely charged polyelectrolytes
that induce surface precipitation when two droplets come into contact. Using
high-speed imaging, we study the coupled dynamics of drop impact and surface
precipitate formation. We develop a physical model to estimate the energy
dissipation by the defects and predict the transition from bouncing to sticking. We
demonstrate macroscopic enhancements in spray retention and surface coverage for
natural and synthetic non-wetting surfaces and provide insights into designing
effective agricultural sprays.
Purification of a single-photon nonlinearity
Authors: Snijders H. , Frey J. A. , Norman J. , Bakker M. P. , Langman E. C. , Gossard A. , Bowers J. E. , van Exter M. P. , Bouwmeester D. , Löffler W.
Published: August 2016

Single photon nonlinearities based on a semiconductor quantum dot in an optical microcavity are a promising candidate for integrated optical quantum information processing nodes. In practice, however, the finite quantum dot lifetime and cavity-quantum dot coupling lead to reduced fidelity. Here we show that, with a nearly polarization degenerate microcavity in the weak coupling regime, polarization pre- and postselection can be used to restore high fidelity. The two orthogonally polarized transmission amplitudes interfere at the output polarizer; for special polarization angles, which depend only on the device cooperativity, this enables cancellation of light that did not interact with the quantum dot. With this, we can transform incident coherent light into a stream of strongly correlated photons with a second-order correlation value up to 40, larger than previous experimental results, even in the strong-coupling regime. This purification technique might also be useful to improve the fidelity of quantum dot based logic gates.
Sesquinary catenae on the Martian satellite Phobos from reaccretion of escaping ejecta
Authors: Nayak M. , Asphaug E.
Published: August 2016

The Martian satellite Phobos is criss-crossed by linear grooves and crater chains whose origin is unexplained. Anomalous grooves are relatively young, and crosscut tidally predicted stress fields as Phobos spirals towards Mars. Here we report strong correspondence between these anomalous features and reaccretion patterns of sesquinary ejecta from impacts on Phobos. Escaping ejecta persistently imprint Phobos with linear, low-velocity crater chains (catenae) that match the geometry and morphology of prominent features that do not fit the tidal model. We prove that these cannot be older than Phobos’ current orbit inside Mars’ Roche limit. Distinctive reimpact patterns allow sesquinary craters to be traced back to their source, for the first time across any planetary body, creating a novel way to probe planetary surface characteristics. For example, we show that catena-producing craters likely formed in the gravity regime, providing constraints on the ejecta velocity field and knowledge of source crater material properties.
Chemoselective single-site Earth-abundant metal catalysts at metal–organic framework nodes
Authors: Manna Kuntal , Ji Pengfei , Lin Zekai , Greene Francis X. , Urban Ania , Thacker Nathan C. , Lin Wenbin
Published: August 2016

Earth-abundant metal catalysts are critically needed for sustainable chemical synthesis. Here we report a simple, cheap and effective strategy of producing novel earth-abundant metal catalysts at metal–organic framework (MOF) nodes for broad-scope organic transformations. The straightforward metalation of MOF secondary building units (SBUs) with cobalt and iron salts affords highly active and reusable single-site solid catalysts for a range of organic reactions, including chemoselective borylation, silylation and amination of benzylic C–H bonds, as well as hydrogenation and hydroboration of alkenes and ketones. Our structural, spectroscopic and kinetic studies suggest that chemoselective organic transformations occur on site-isolated, electron-deficient and coordinatively unsaturated metal centres at the SBUs via σ-bond metathesis pathways and as a result of the steric environment around the catalytic site. MOFs thus provide a novel platform for the development of highly active and affordable base metal catalysts for the sustainable synthesis of fine chemicals.
Atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab enhances antigen-specific T-cell migration in metastatic renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Wallin Jeffrey J. , Bendell Johanna C. , Funke Roel , Sznol Mario , Korski Konstanty , Jones Suzanne , Hernandez Genevive , Mier James , He Xian , Hodi F. Stephen , Denker Mitchell , Leveque Vincent , Cañamero Marta , Babitski Galina , Koeppen Hartmut , Ziai James , Sharma Neeraj , Gaire Fabien , Chen Daniel S. , Waterkamp Daniel , Hegde Priti S. , McDermott David F.
Published: August 2016

Anti-tumour immune activation by checkpoint inhibitors leads to durable responses in a variety of cancers, but combination approaches are required to extend this benefit beyond a subset of patients. In preclinical models tumour-derived VEGF limits immune cell activity while anti-VEGF augments intra-tumoral T-cell infiltration, potentially through vascular normalization and endothelial cell activation. This study investigates how VEGF blockade with bevacizumab could potentiate PD-L1 checkpoint inhibition with atezolizumab in mRCC. Tissue collections are before treatment, after bevacizumab and after the addition of atezolizumab. We discover that intra-tumoral CD8+ T cells increase following combination treatment. A related increase is found in intra-tumoral MHC-I, Th1 and T-effector markers, and chemokines, most notably CX3CL1 (fractalkine). We also discover that the fractalkine receptor increases on peripheral CD8+ T cells with treatment. Furthermore, trafficking lymphocyte increases are observed in tumors following bevacizumab and combination treatment. These data suggest that the anti-VEGF and anti-PD-L1 combination improves antigen-specific T-cell migration.