bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Famiempresas procesadoras de amaranto en Santiago Tulyehualco, Xochimilco
Authors: Chávez-Bermudez Yajaira Floricel , Valtierra-Pacheco Esteban , León-Merino Aurelio , Ramírez-Jaspeado Rocio , Brambila-Paz José de Jesús
Published: February 2022

La aportación de los micros y pequeñas empresas al Producto Interno Bruto es pequeña, pero son las principales fuentes generadoras de empleo en México. En la presente investigación se estudiaron famiempresas que procesan amaranto en Santiago Tulyehualco, Alcaldía Xochimilco. El objetivo principal fue caracterizar sus rasgos culturales, económicos y afectivos que les han permitido sobrevivir. La recolección de información se realizó entre 2018 y 20019 a través de encuestas aplicadas a dueños o encargados y a trabajadores de micro y pequeñas empresas que contenían datos cualitativos y cuantitativos. Las encuestas fueron diseñadas en Excel® para que se hiciera la aplicación y captura simultánea y posteriormente, los datos fueron procesados estadísticamente con SPSS®. Esta información fue complementada con entrevistas semiestructuradas y visitas de observación en los talleres de producción. Los resultados indican que los dueños iniciaron el negocio invirtiendo sus recursos propios para el autoempleo de sus familias y continuar con la tradición de procesar el amaranto. En las famiempresas no hay horarios fijos, no todas las actividades son remuneradas, el desarrollo de capacidades se da a través de la transmisión de conocimientos de una generación a otra, las relaciones con los clientes son de contacto directo; los empresarios no llevan registros administrativos precisos ni hay un plan de negocios a los dueños les gustaría expandir su empresa, pero muy pocos han logrado esta meta, aunque están satisfechos por haber creado un patrimonio familiar y empleos para sus familias. Se concluye que las micro y pequeñas empresas procesadoras de amaranto son famiempresas porque tienen un fuerte vínculo identitario entre la familia y la empresa en el pueblo de Santiago Tulyehualco.
As forças germinativas da mala vermelha de Toninho
Authors: Rocha Marcela de Souza , Farias Francisco Ramos de
Published: February 2022

Introdução

A presente reflexão nasce da discussão sobre os legados e sequelas psicológicas da escravidão. O estudo tem por objetivo analisar as produções de uma memória nacional relacionadas à hist
INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGY AND DIGITAL CONNECTIVITY IN SERVICE RECOVERY STRATEGIES TO ACHIEVE RECOVERY SATISFACTION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A HYBRID APPROACH
Authors: Kayambazinthu Msosa Steven
Published: February 2022

Recently, the business landscape has changed because of the COVID-19 pandemic, which has led to changes in the behaviors of both customers and business owners. The COVID-19 pandemic and its associated restrictions on store closures have presented a new challenge to businesses that rely on physical interaction, brick and mortar to meet different customer needs. Mandatory shutdowns and social distancing measures have left voids that have been filled by digitalisation. The main problems customers face are service failures and breakdowns. As a result, customers are grappling with how they can have their problems addressed during the pandemic. There is therefore a need for a paradigm shift in terms of how businesses respond to unforeseen circumstances and pandemics because it is the only firm that use automation that will be more robust in competitive scenarios. This study is aimed at providing a hybrid approach to integrating digital technology into service recovery strategies, namely apology, explanation, speed, compensation and empowerment, during the COVID-19 pandemic in order to achieve customer recovery satisfaction. Therefore, a model for integrating technology and digital connectivity into service recovery strategies to achieve recovery satisfaction has been proposed. Thus, this model provides insight into how businesses can use digital technology to implement service recovery strategies during a pandemic. This is critical to help enterprises maintain consistency and minimize service variability due to changes caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study contributes to the literature on digital technology and service recovery by using current methods to address today's challenges.
THE IMPACT OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON SMES PERFORMANCE DURING A PANDEMIC
Authors: Bekteshi Xhelil , Alshiqi Sevdie , Sahiti Ramushi Arbana
Published: February 2022

The main purpose of the study is to examine the impact of corporate social responsibility (CSR) and working capital management practices on the performance of small and medium-sized firms (SMEs) in Kosovo during the lock-in period. In addition, the aim of the study is to investigate how employee behavior affects the relationship between corporate social responsibility, working capital management and the performance of small and medium-sized enterprises. A quantitative research method is used to obtain the necessary data. Respondents are employees of small and medium-sized businesses currently working in Kosovo, and surveys are mailed and in person. The PLS-SEM method was used to examine whether there is a statistically significant relationship between corporate social responsibility, working capital management practices, and SMEs performance. The relationship between corporate social responsibility, working capital management and financial success was investigated using a quantitative research method. The study found a significant correlation between corporate social responsibility (CSR), working capital management practices and the success of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Kosovo. The data also showed that employee behavior plays a mediating role in the relationship between corporate social responsibility (CSR), working capital management practices and the performance of small and medium enterprises in Kosovo, according to the results. Significant gaps in the work have been identified as a result of inconsistent application of financial criteria by businesses that define sustainability. In addition, the study contributes to the preservation of enterprise valuation standards by providing guidance for small business owners and operators.
FORMATION OF THE MECHANISM OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF UKRAINE
Authors: Chirva Olga , Chirva Anna , Malyarchuk Natalia
Published: February 2022

The subject of the research is the theoretical and methodological aspects of the formation of the mechanism of socio-economic development of Ukraine. Methodology. The study used the following general scientific methods: theoretical generalization; methods of positive and normative analysis, statistical analysis. The purpose of the work is to substantiate the formation of the mechanism of socio-economic development of Ukraine. Results. The purpose of the article is the formation of the mechanism of socio-economic development of Ukraine. Analysis of the socio-economic status of households in Ukraine showed that the average monthly total income of one household in 2020 was 12248 UAH. Minor disproportions are observed because the urban household received on average 12620 UAH per month, while the rural household received 11470 UAH per month. It was determined that on average per one person in a household (hereinafter people) the equivalent aggregate income (hereinafter income) was 5832 UAH per month, in urban households – 6096 UAH, in rural households – 5286 UAH. It was proved that the level of average monthly income per person was 2.8 times higher than the established subsistence minimum (2078 UAH). It was found that the main source of income in households with one child was income from work (77%), and in households with three or more children the share of this income was 1.2 times lower. The socio-economic condition of Ukrainian households is analyzed. The structure of total resources of all households is examined The structure of total household expenditures is also analyzed. The distribution of users of Internet services by purpose is studied. The formation of the mechanism of socio-economic development of Ukraine in terms of sustainable development is carried out. It is proved that the mechanism of formation and development of socio-economic systems can be characterized as a mutually agreed system of legal and methodological support, based on the basic principles of territorial systems (sustainability, multilevel, partnership, dynamism, focus on local needs, public participation) and aimed at ensuring the welfare of the community, the well-being of residents and increasing the competitiveness of the territorial system, by developing appropriate tools.
CRYPTOCURRENCY AS AN INSTRUMENT OF TERRORIST FINANCING
Authors: Dyntu Valeriia , Dykyj Oleg
Published: February 2022

The purpose of the article is to explain the use of cryptocurrency as a terrorist financing tool. This article has emphasized the ways, which terrorists appraise for being a reliable fundraising means and their adoption. Methodology. For the purposes of the study, the methods of scientific abstraction, synthesis, observation, generalization, as well as the method of induction of literature and legal documents were used to determine the features of bitcoin, promoting and preventing its use for terrorism financing. Results. The development of the Internet and electronic devices has radically changed all spheres of human life, including criminal activity. Digitalization has led to the improvement of ordinary crimes and the emergence of new types of crime, which, in principle, cannot exist without special digital electronic devices. Among the first implementers of new technologies were terrorists, who took advantage of digitalization to increase profitability. Thus, terrorists have now significantly increased their attention to cryptocurrency as a digital means of payment, namely Bitcoin. Bitcoin has a number of features that have attracted the attention of criminals as a way to evade responsibility for a crime. In particular, decentralization avoids the need for confirmation by a central authority, and pseudo-anonymity provides a certain level of anonymity. In addition, terrorists are aware that Bitcoin's confidentiality is extremely fragile and needs to be enhanced. The paper analyzes several ways to enhance anonymity, such as software that anonymizes traffic and prevents IP identification, peer-to-peer mixers, centralized mixing services (tumbler), and other approaches. It is worth emphasizing that for the fight against crime, the main issue is the de-anonymization of the Bitcoin owner/user, which allows the identification of the criminal. Currently, law enforcement agencies use direct and indirect de-anonymization, proliferation analysis, quantitative analysis, time analysis, and transactional network analysis, among others, to achieve the above goal, which are discussed in detail in this article. In addition, agencies around the world investigated and uncovered terrorist groups and their financial facilitators. Specifically, on August 13, 2020, the U.S. Department of Justice's Office of Public Affairs announced "the largest cryptocurrency seizure in the context of terrorism in history." To investigate the agenda, the legal documents of those investigations that contain information about the terrorist fund-raising mechanism were examined and analyzed. The legal documents revealed that these investigations used the aforementioned de-anonymization approaches.
The Role of Vitamin D on Thyroid Antibodies in Patients with Chronic Autoimmune Thyroiditis
Authors: Turashvili Nino , Javashvili Lali , Giorgadze Elene
Published: February 2022

Vitamin D deficiency is a global problem, which has taken the form of apandemic. Existing data indicate that vitamin D is not only a nutrient. Ithas also a hormone-specific activity. Vitamin D is characterized by antiinflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Chronic autoimmunethyroiditis is a disease of autoimmune genesis, in which lymphocyticinfiltration gradually destroys thyroid tissue. There are some evidencesabout vitamin D deficiency and the development of chronic autoimmunethyroiditis. The article has reviewed the current literature about the impactand the benefits of vitamin D on thyroid antibodies levels.
AC Impedance and FTIR Studies of PVA-ZnCl2 Based Solid Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: S Jayanthi
Published: February 2022

Solid Polymer electrolytes (SPEs) comprising of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)added Zinc chloride (ZnCl2) systems have been prepared via solvent castingtechnique. The prepared samples have been subjected to AC impedancespectroscopic analysis and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)studies. Maximum ionic conductivity of 3.91949*10-7 Scm-1 was achievedfor 60 wt% of PVA and 40wt% of ZnCl2 system at room temperature.The structural changes and hence the complex formation between theconstituents used in the present study has been confirmed through FTIRanalysis.
Phytochemical analysis and antifungal activity of Costus lucanusianus J. Braun & K. Schum aerial and rhizome crude extracts
Authors: Adesegun O Onanuga  , Ganiyat K Oloyede
Published: February 2022

The phytochemical screening, and in vitro antifungal activity of the inflorescence, leaf, stem and rhizome crude extracts of Costus lucanusianus J. Braun & K. Schum at concentrations 12.5-100 µg/mL were determined against 4 fungal strains; Penicillium notatum, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer by Agar well diffusion method. Secondary metabolites accountable for the activity observed are saponin, tannin, flavonoid, phlobatannins, reducing sugar, anthraquinones, phenol, alkaloid, resin, glycoside and terpenoids. Reducing sugar was present in all the extracts. The rhizome solvent extracts displayed the highest antifungal activity amongst the organs extracts. The inflorescence, stem and rhizome aqueous extracts displayed no activity at all concentrations. In this present study, the antifungal activity of Costus lucanusianus J. Braun & K.Schum aerial and rhizome extracts is reported. The activity shown by the plant organs justifies the use of the plant in the treatment of urinary tract infection and venereal diseases in ethnomedicine, and its usefulness in the preservation of food crops.
Sikap Perduli Pemerintah Terhadap Masyarakat di Kampung Menur Melalui Pendampingan KP-KAS Surabaya
Authors: Wahyuni Dewi Urip , Yuliati Eka , Laily Nur , Rismawati Rismawati
Published: February 2022

Pada umumnya masyarakat kurang memperhatikan proses tumbuh kembang anak sehingga anak dibiarkan untuk mencari jati diri sendiri. Orang tua kurang memperhatikan apa yang menjadi kebutuhan anaknya. Program KP-KAS sangat membantu para orang tua untuk memberikan kesadaran akan pentingnya nasib anak untuk di kemudiaan hari. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang upaya pemerintah melalui program KP-KAS khususnya di kampung menur agar dapat tercipta kampung yang nyaman, aman, ramah dan perduli akan tumbuh kembang anak. Lokasi kegiatan di RT 01 , RT 02, RT 03 dan RW 01 Menur Surabaya. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan adanya dukungan dari Kampung Menur untuk memberikan semangat kepada warganya terutama anak-anaknya untuk selalu memperhatikan tumbuh kembang anaknya melalui kegiatan-kegiatan yang ada di kampung dan pemasangan banner yang ada di setiap kampung yang isinya untuk selalu menghimbau para orang tua agar selalu memperhatikan nasib anaknya.
PERBANDINGAN CERPEN FANTASI DUNIA DENGAN CERPEN SEHER; KAJIAN TEORI FEMINISME
Authors: Latifah Noviatul
Published: February 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perbandingan ketidakadilan gender pada cerpen Fantasi Dunia karya Djenar Maesa Ayu dan cerpen Seher karya Selahattin Demirtas. Data yang diperoleh bersumber dari cerpen Fantasi Dunia pada kumpulan cerpen SAIA dan cerpen Seher dalam kumpulan cerpen Subuh. Kedua cerpen tersebut merupakan karya sastra penulis Indonesia dan penulis kelahiran Turki yang diterjemahkan ke dalam Bahasa Indonesia oleh Mahmet Hasan. Cerpen Fantasi Dunia menggambarkan bagaimana ketidakadilan hukum di Indonesia terhadap perempuan, sedangkan cerpen Seher mengangkat permasalah betapa mirisnya sebuah keluarga di Turki yang menganut budaya pembunuhan terhadap anak perempuan yang telah dilecehkan demi menjaga nama baik. Penelitian ini berfokus pada permasalahan gender. Pendekatan yang digunakan yaitu sastra bandingan komparatif, sebuah pendekatan yang membandingkan dua atau lebih karya sastra dari suatu negara dengan negara lain dengan objek penelitian feminisme. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian kedua cerpen tersebut ditemukan bagaimana perlakuan setiap orang baik dalam keluarga ataupun petugas negara terhadap perempuan yang dilecehkan. Hukum sosial yang diterima berpandangan bahwa segala perlakuan keji yang didapat adalah seutuhnya kesalahan perempuan. Dalam kedua cerpen tersebut juga ditemukan tidak adanya keringanan hukum bagi korban-korban pelecehan.
A second-order confirmatory factor analysis model of primary school administration promoting 21st century skills
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Prince of Songkla University, Thailand, Abdulloh Wisana
Published: February 2022

The acquisition of skills amongst learners is integral for their survival. This is the reason why most of the pedagogies integrate them as part of the core learning objectives. However, the advent of technology has revolutionized teaching approaches as well as skills training. Many of the skills in 21st century education highlight ingenuity, critical analysis and IT literacy. Though it is understood that these prepare learners to be efficient in the future, there are significant underlying issues and challenges in how schools partake in the training process or how skills acquisition amongst learners are monitored and promoted in the schools’ advocacies. This research is aimed at evaluating primary school administration how 21st century skills should be reflected in the school system. Identified factors that help promote 21st century skills were analyzed using content analysis and focus group discussion of ten (10) experts and later on evaluated and confirmed statistically through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Four hundred respondents: two hundred (200) school directors and two hundred (200) academic headteachers from 322 schools in southern Thailand were considered as samples. A 5-rating scale questionnaire was used for data collection. Through second-order confirmatory factor analysis, the results confirmed eight (8) factors that promote 21st century skills in primary school administration. Arranged in descending order by goodness of fit, these factors were: 1) teacher quality development (0.97), 2) educational evaluation (0.92), 3) teaching and learning management (0.90), 4) learning environment (0.88), 5) curriculum, learning media, and technology (0.87), 6) budget for education (0.84), 7) community cooperation (0.66), and 8) volunteer supervision (0.64). The measurement of all factors (R2) also indicated positive reliability ranging between 0.41-0.94.
A AVALIAÇÃO NA CONSTRUÇÃO DA APRENDIZAGEM NA ESCOLA MUNICIPAL SÃO FRANCISCO EM SERRA DO RAMALHO, BAHIA
Authors: dos Santos Duarte Maria Roseane , Santana Coêlho Márcio Wendel
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo é resultado do recorte da pesquisa de mestrado apresentada a Facultad Interamericana de Ciencias Sociales – FICS, no Mestrado em Ciências da Educação. A pesquisa teve por finalidade analisar os diferentes conceitos de avaliação e seus pressupostos, tendo como tema de pesquisa “A Avaliação na construção da aprendizagem na escola São Francisco em Serra do Ramalho, Bahia”. Como metodologia optou-se por uma pesquisa de caráter exploratório por uma abordagem qualitativa. Para o desenvolvimento desse estudo, o método utilizado foi o Materialismo Histórico Dialético - MHD e os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram através de questionários com quatro (04) docentes, cinco (05) alunos e análise documental (Projeto Político Pedagógico - PPP). Sob esta ótica, foi fundamental perceber que a avaliação ocorre no decorrer de todo processo ensino aprendizagem na unidade escolar investigada. Esses aspectos contemplados, contribuíram para um maior conhecimento sobre a teoria e a prática no processo de avaliação, permitindo um convívio mais próximo com as ideias dos diferentes autores abordados no decorrer da pesquisa. Percebeu-se também que várias dificuldades precisam ser vencidas como a resistência à participação dos pais e demais representantes da comunidade escolar, a falta de politização e o comodismo. Nesse sentido, as práticas pedagógicas desenvolvidas na Escola São Francisco, conceitua para uma educação de qualidade e a democratização no sistema de ensino. Palavras-chave: Avaliação; Gestão democrática; Projeto Político Pedagógico
Ujian Akhir Semester Antropologi Hukum
Authors: efendi Fredo
Published: February 2022

Proses sengketa dalam antropologi hukum adalah suatu hal yang harus memiliki strategi dan cara yang dapat diterapkan dalam menyelesaikan suatu sengketa. Model penyelesaian sengketa yang lazim digunakan adalah arbitrasi,negosiasi,mediasi,judikasi,paksaan,dan penghindaran.
Systematic review of deep learning and machine learning for building energy
Authors: Ardabili Sina Faizollahzadeh , Abdilalizadeh Leila , Mako Csaba , Torok Bernat , Mosavi Amir
Published: February 2022

The building energy (BE) management has an essential role in urban sustainability and smart cities. Recently, the novel data science and data-driven technologies have shown significant progress in analyzing the energy consumption and energy demand data sets for a smarter energy management. The machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) methods and applications, in particular, have been promising for the advancement of the accurate and high-performance energy models. The present study provides a comprehensive review of ML and DL-based techniques applied for handling BE systems, and it further evaluates the performance of these techniques. Through a systematic review and a comprehensive taxonomy, the advances of ML and DL-based techniques are carefully investigated, and the promising models are introduced. According to the results obtained for energy demand forecasting, the hybrid and ensemble methods are located in high robustness range, SVM-based methods are located in good robustness limitation, ANN-based methods are located in medium robustness limitation and linear regression models are located in low robustness limitations. On the other hand, for energy consumption forecasting, DL-based, hybrid, and ensemble-based models provided the highest robustness score. ANN, SVM, and single ML models provided good and medium robustness and LR-based models provided the lower robustness score. In addition, for energy load forecasting, LR-based models provided the lower robustness score. The hybrid and ensemble-based models provided a higher robustness score. The DL-based and SVM-based techniques provided a good robustness score and ANN-based techniques provided a medium robustness score.
Ekma za'faron (crocus sativus) ontogenezida fitogarmonlar ahamiyati va o'sish va rivojlanshi parametrlari
Authors: viaScience
Published: February 2022

Maqolada ekma za’faron (C. sativus L.) ning onalik piyozlarini maksimal darajada ko’paytirishga qaratilgan tajribalar natijalari keltirilgan. O’sish va rivojlanishning turli bosqichlarida fitogarmonlarning axamiyati va o’sish omillari izoxlangan. Tajriba maydonida yetishtirilgan o’simliklarning ayrim bioekologik jihatlari taxlil qilib chiqilgan. O’simlikning intraduksiyasi istiqbollari isbotlandi va xulosalar qilindi.
Sixteen possible scientific explanations in support of lower COVID-19 Case Fatality Rate at high altitudes
Authors: Zubieta-Calleja Gustavo , Zubieta-DeUrioste Natalia
Published: February 2022

Near the end of 2021, the COVID-19 Pandemic continues to create havoc worldwide, with predominance in the northern hemisphere by Nov 21, 2021. Popular belief stated that living under chronic hypobaric hypoxia would be correlated with higher COVID-19 severity. Despite the controversy, one of our forthcoming multinational publications gives significant scientific proof of a lower case fatality rate (CFR) at high altitude cities > 2,500 m as compared to the lowlands (< 1,000 m) in Bolivia, Peru, Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico. It is crucial to determine what factors could be affecting this outcome, as they can provide the starting point for future research in COVID-19 and other possible viral pandemias’ management. We hereby provide possible explanations that could play a role in COVID-19 high-altitude protective behavior and we divide them into two branches. 1) The physiological (higher hemoglobin levels, higher erythropoietin levels, higher nitric oxide, lower arterial carbon dioxide levels, lower incidence of asthma and other comorbidities, lower number of ACE2 receptors, higher capillarity, cardio-vascular high altitude adaptation, lower incidence of asthma and other co-morbidities, increased mitochondrial effectivity, greater immunity, and lower coagulation pathologies in high-altitude inhabitants; and 2) the environmental (higher Ultra-Violet radiation, lower molecular density in the atmosphere, the absence of mosquitoes, and lower humidity). Further studies in all these areas are required to help face the Pandemic more efficiently.
The limitations of social science as the arbiter of blame: An argument for abandoning retribution
Authors: Tullett Alexa Mary
Published: February 2022

The U.S. criminal-justice system has consequentialist and retributivist goals: It considers what is best for society as well as how to punish people in a manner proportional to their crimes. In deciding on the degree of retribution that is called for, the system attempts to determine the blameworthiness—or culpability—of the people involved, weighing factors such as their ability to think rationality, their freedom from coercion, and whether their actions were out of character. These determinations hinge on social-scientific research that is not strong enough to justify such decisions. In this article, I challenge the social-scientific basis for determining culpability on three grounds: replicability, generalizability, and inferential strength. In light of the limitations of this research, I argue that the criminal-justice system should abandon its retributive goals and pursue a more consequentialist—and more reparative—form of justice.
Expanding Statistical Frontiers in Sexual Science: Taxometric, Invariance, and Equivalence Testing
Authors: Sakaluk John Kitchener
Published: February 2022

Sexual scientists must choose from among myriad methodological and analytical approaches when investigating their research questions. How can scholars learn whether sexualities are discrete or continuous? How is sexuality constructed? And to what extent are sexuality-related groups similar to or different from one another? Though commonplace, quantitative attempts at addressing these research questions require users to possess an increasingly deep repertoire of statistical knowledge and programming skills. Recently developed open-source software offers powerful yet accessible capacity to researchers wishing to perform strong quantitative tests. Taking advantage of these new statistical opportunities will require sexual scientists to become familiar with new analyses, including taxometric analysis, tests of measurement variability and differential item functioning, and equivalence testing. In the current article, I discuss each of these analyses, providing conceptual and historical overviews. I also address common misunderstandings for each analysis that may discourage researchers from implementing them. Finally, I describe current best practices when using each analysis, providing reproducible coding examples and interpretations along the way, in an attempt to reduce barriers to the uptake of these analyses. By aspiring to explore these new statistical frontiers in sexual science, sexuality researchers will be better positioned to test their substantive theories of interest.
Double Jab: Survey Evidence on Vaccine Hesitancy, Beliefs, and Attitudes in India
Authors: Tagat Anirudh , Kapoor Hansika , Arora Varun , Chakravarty Sujoy , Mukherjee Shagata , Roy Shubhabrata
Published: February 2022

India witnessed a large surge in COVID-19 cases in April 2021, a second wave of nearly 350,000 daily new infections across the country. As of December 2021, cases have reduced drastically, in part due to greater vaccine coverage across the country. This study reports results on vaccine hesitancy, attitudes, and behaviors from an online survey conducted between February and March 2021 in nine Indian cities (N = 518). We find that vaccine hesitancy negatively predicts willingness to take the vaccine, and beliefs about vaccine effectiveness supersede hesitancy in explaining vaccine uptake. Furthermore, we find that mask-wearing and handwashing beliefs, information sources related to COVID-19, and past COVID-19 infection and testing status are all strongly associated with the hypothetical choice of vaccine. We discuss these findings in the context of behavioral theories as well as outline implications for vaccine-related health communication in India.
What is Reciprocity? A Review and Expert-based Classification of Cooperative Transfers
Authors: Guevara Beltran Diego , Ayers Jessica Daphne , Munoz Andres , Cronk Lee , Aktipis Athena
Published: February 2022

After decades of research on the topic of reciprocity, there is still no consensus about the meaning of the term. Instead, there has been a proliferation of reciprocity terms with varied definitions, some of which overlap in ways that lead to confusion for scholars studying cooperation. In this paper, we provide a summary of 34 reciprocity terms and their definitions from across a variety of disciplines. We then report the results of a survey of cooperation experts spanning biology, anthropology, economics, sociology, and psychology (N = 85) about the extent to which they consider 30 of these definitions of reciprocity to be truly reciprocity. Experts also rated the extent to which they considered seventeen hypothetical scenarios to be examples of reciprocity. We used exploratory factor analysis and found that responses clustered around four categories of transfers: Balanced (e.g., Balanced reciprocity), Reputation-based (e.g., Generalized reciprocity), Debt-based (e.g., Calculated reciprocity), and Unconditional (e.g., Negative reciprocity). Although researchers agreed that the term reciprocity was useful and necessary, there was low agreement among scholars about what should be considered reciprocity. However, there was high agreement that unconditional transfers, which are characterized by a lack of expectations of repayment, should not be considered reciprocity. We propose that scholars of cooperation consider using these four categories when referring to cooperative transfers rather than using reciprocity terms in order to facilitate communication across disciplines, resolve issues related to ambiguous definitions of reciprocity, and provide a solution to the lack of consensus about what constitutes reciprocity.
Reactive Inhibition in Go/No-Go task: Insights from Response Force Curves
Authors: Wang Zijian , Liu Xinyu , Li Xiangqian
Published: February 2022

Previous research suggests that go/no-go paradigms primarily reflect participants’ proactive inhibition. However, conventional binary (on/off) keyboards were unable to record the dynamics of subthreshold response force. Hence the potential subthreshold reactive inhibition process was neglected. In order to examine the reactive inhibition control in go/no-go paradigms, we applied a custom force-sensitive keyboard to record participants’ response force. The results showed that even when participants correctly rejected the no-go target, there were still clear increases in their response force, suggesting that in some correct reject trials participants applied reactive inhibition to cancel the inappropriate motor response. Similarly, participants’ response force in hit trials was heavier than false alarm trials, suggesting that in some false alarm trials, reactive inhibition tried to cancel the motor response but failed. We propose that participants’ behaviors in go/no-go reflect the cooperation between proactive and reactive inhibition. Due to such task impurity, some previous results might underestimate the difference between the mechanism of two inhibition controls. We also demonstrated that irrespective of reactive inhibition control, previous results might overrate participants’ index d and bias β.
A scoping review of systemic interventions against domestic violence in the Netherlands: Practice, proof, and perspectives
Authors: Downes Róisín Esther , Jeronimus Bertus F.
Published: February 2022

Background: Systemic approaches to intervene in domestic violence gain popularity in the Netherlands. Prescription of systemic interventions requires theoretical substance and empirically validated effectiveness, but rigorous trials remain scarce. We reviewed the methodological and substantive quality of systemic intervention studies published in the 21st century and their effective elements and contexts. Design: (Quasi-)Experimental studies of systemic interventions to end domestic violence in the Netherlands published since the seminal review by Flikweert and Lünnemann (2003) were identified and assessed, if the study focused on domestic violence perpetrated by an adult to the (ex-)partner and/or child(ren). Study quality was examined using criteria adapted from Flikweert and Lünnemann (2003), including sample size, design, and instruments.Results: Nineteen interventions were found in 28 studies and evaluations. Most interventions were “evaluated” (37%, 7/19) or not studied (26%, 5/19). Seven interventions were studied in nine trials with a repeated measures design (32%, 9/28). Only three interventions (16%, 3/19) were tested in five trials (18%, 5/28) containing a comparison group receiving care as usual. The single positive study was conducted by clinicians, without a comparison group. None of the nine trials provided evidence that systemic interventions outperformed care as usual.Conclusion: The literature on systemic interventions to end domestic violence was limited, heterogeneous, and dominated by evaluation studies, while many available effectiveness trials were limited by design. Replication trials should compare systemic interventions to care as usual, and examine differences between perpetrators and victims, to help more families access sources of resilience and end cycles of violence.
Boundaries reduce disorientation in virtual reality
Authors: Kelly Jonathan , Doty Taylor , Cherep Lucia , Gilbert Stephen B.
Published: February 2022

Virtual reality users are susceptible to disorientation, particularly when using locomotion interfaces that lack self-motion cues. Environmental cues, such as boundaries defined by walls or a fence, provide information to help the user remain oriented. This experiment evaluated whether the type of boundary impacts its usefulness for staying oriented. Participants wore a head-mounted display and performed a triangle completion task in virtual reality by traveling two outbound path segments before attempting to point to the path origin. The task was completed with two teleporting interfaces differing in the availability of rotational self-motion cues, and within five virtual environments differing in the availability and type of boundaries. Pointing errors were highest in an open field without environmental cues, and lowest in a classroom with walls and landmarks. Environments with a single square boundary defined by a fence, drop-off, or floor texture discontinuity led to errors in between the open field and the classroom. Performance with the floor texture discontinuity was similar to that with navigational barriers (i.e., fence and drop-off), indicating that an effective barrier need not be a navigational impediment. These results inform spatial cognitive theory about boundary-based navigation and inform application by specifying the types of environmental and self-motion cues that designers of virtual environments should include to reduce disorientation in virtual reality.
Comparative study of efficacy of ‘Mulakadi taila’-Basti and Nasya in management of Kampavata w.s.r. to parkinson’s disease
Authors:   Professor & Head of Department of Panchakarma, K.G.M.P. Ayurved Mahavidyalaya & Hospital, Netaji Subhash Road, Mumbai-400002, India, Mukesh B. Shukla , Amarprakash P. Dwivedi ,   Professor, Department of Shalya Tantra, D.Y.Patil University School of Ayurveda, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra400706, India
Published: February 2022

Tremors, bradykinesia and rigidity are the cardinal symptoms of Parkinson’s disease. The symptoms of the disease are bothersome to the patient because they affect the quality of life of the Patient. The main line of treatment in Parkinson's disease is administration of drugs affecting the dopaminergic system. Although they significantly reduce the presenting symptoms they cannot prevent the progression of the disease. Thus, there remains a need for a therapy which would also slow down disease progression and improve quality of life. The trail was undertaken to study the comparative efficacy of ‘Mulakadi Taila’ Basti and Nasya in management of Kampavata (Parkinson’s disease) by giving Mulakadi Taila Basti and Nasya in two groups of Patients. Mulakadi Taila from Gadanigraha is selected because Chikitsa siddhanta says that Vataja disorders can be treated with Sneha (Taila) incorporated with Vatahara dravyas. The principle constituents of this very balanced formulation are all Vata-shamak, Vatakapha-shamak or ‘Tri-Doshaghna’, and especially indicated in Vata disorders. The clinical assessment was done using Modified Universal Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale. All symptoms were given scoring depending upon their severity from 0 to 4. The scores were subjected to ‘t’ test and it suggests significant difference after the treatment. Overall the results are a little better with Basti group. But, both the groups have their own areas of strength over the other group in certain symptoms. Hence, by changing the Mode of administration the treatment can be tailor-made as per the requirements of individual Patient. So far, our experience with treatment has been good and the results are encouraging.
Uttar Basti- A critical review
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Department of Prasuti Tantra & Stree Roga, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan-342037, India, Sharma Rashmi , Singh Chandan ,   Associate Professor, P.G. Department of Dravyaguna Vigyan, Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Rajasthan Ayurved University, Jodhpur, Rajasthan-342037, India
Published: February 2022

In Ayurvedic Gynecology Sthanik Chikitsa (Local therapies) are the specialized treatment procedures. These procedures basically deal with the disorders of Tryavarta Yoni (Three coverings of Vagina). Vitiation of Vata is mainly responsible for Yoniroga and Artava Vikara. "Basti" is best Vata Shamana Chikitsa. Out of this Uttar Basti is most widely used and unique treatment concept of Stree Roga. In this Study Uttar Basti is reviewed through ancient texts and an effort is made to understand the concept of Uttar Basti.
Shilajatu and Swarna Makshika– A promising ayurvedic combination in the management of Madumeha (Diabetes)
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat-361008, India, Chandran Seetha , Patgiri B.J. ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat-361008, India, Dharmarajan Prasanth ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Panchakarma, All India Institute of Ayurveda, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, Delhi110076, India
Published: February 2022

Madumeha is a general systemic disease caused by the derangement of tridoshas and manifest through the symptoms of urinary system. Diabetes can be included under the broad concept of Madumeha. The estimate of the actual number of diabetics in India is around 40 million, which causes a major health concern. Acharya Susrutha has mentioned two rasayana in Madhumeha cikitsa. They are Shilajatu and Makshika rasayana. Both these are having Tridoshashamana, Agnideepana, Medohara, Balya, Cakshushya, Vrishya and Yogavahiproperty. These minerals are richest source of many micronutrients Diabetes mellitus and vice versa can disrupt homeostasis of trace elements. The alteration of metals status increase oxidative stress that may contribute to the insulin resistance and development of diabetic complications. Thorough analysis of Ayurvedic concepts and modern research works carried out reveal that, Swarna Makshika and Shilajatu definitely play a role in glucose and insulin metabolism.
Pharmaceutical and Analytical Studies on Guduchi Kwatha Prepared by Varying Proportions of Water
Authors:   Ph.D. Scholar (Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences), Department of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat-361008, India, Verma Ashish , Janani Hetal ,   MD Scholar, Department of Dravyaguna, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat-361008, India, Yadav Shobhnath ,   Ph.D. Scholar (Ayurvedic Pharmaceutical Sciences), Department of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat-361008, India, Galib  ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Rasashastra & Bhaishajya Kalpana, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat-361008, India, Prajapati P.K. ,   Professor & Director, I.P.G.T. & R.A., Gujarat Ayurved University, Jamnagar, Gujarat-361008, India
Published: February 2022

Background: Kwatha preparation is one among the Pnachvidha Kashaya Kalpana. The ratio of water and hardness of drug plays an important role during preparation of Kwatha. Disparities in proportions of liquid (water) to be mentioned can be observed in the classics, which are based on the quality (the hardness) and quantity of the raw material being used in the pharmaceutical procedure. Aims and objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the significance of proportion of water in the preparation of Kashaya and Ghana. The water proportion was fixed as 4 parts, 8 parts and 16 parts. Material and methods: Three batches of Kashaya and Ghana with each proportion were prepared considering the batch size as 1 kg and findings were systematically recorded. Organoleptic evaluation, Physico-chemical parameters of Kwatha and Ghana, HPTLC and HPLC were carried out. Result and discussion: Average time took for 1/4th reduction was found to be 339 min, 570 min and 960 min and in the preparation of Kashaya with 4 parts, 8 parts and 16 parts of water respectively while Average temperature maintained during the process was 95-1000 C. An average of 6.23%, 6.24% and 6.32% Ghana was obtained from the Kashaya in 4,8,16 parts of water respectively. The change in organoleptic parameters, physico - chemical parameters, HPTLC & HPLC study was observed. The physico-chemical parameters of all the samples presented negligible differences. After spray, 7 spots were observed in the sample prepared with 4 parts of water and remaining samples provided only 5 spots. In HPLC study, the batch 4, 8 and 16 have almost similar concentrations. Conclusion: Though the percentage of Ghana is similar in all the batches; during the pharmaceutical procedure, it is advisable to add 8 parts of water. This facilitates proper soaking and boiling of the raw material.
Indigenous Medicinal Plants Used by the Maring Tribe of Manipur, Northeast India
Authors:   Post-Doctoral Fellow (UGC), Department of Anthropology, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam781014, India, Yuhlung Cheithou Charles , Bhattacharyya Mini ,   Professor and HOD, Department of Anthropology, Gauhati University, Jalukbari, Guwahati, Assam-781014, India
Published: February 2022

The paper is an attempt to survey and understand the various ethnobotanical plants used by the Maring tribe of Manipur as medicines in the treatment of various ailments and diseases. The reason being no study have ever been made in this area on them. In the present study more than 39 indigenous medicinal plants are used by the Maring in the treatment of about 34 ailments and diseases. They uses both single plant and compound plants in the treatment. Besides, they used certain insects, animal’s part, thunderbolt stone and even magical charms in certain cases in healing and curing certain ailments. The significant of the study is that certain plants are believed to have multi-chemical properties in healing and curing as it differs from other neighbouring communities. Common diseases are like diarrhoea, malaria, piles, fever, snake bite, tiger bite, and mumps. Leaves and fruits are most widely used. Some of them still depends on such indigenous medicine rather than pharmaceutical medicines.
Pus culture and sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus with Nimba Patra (Azadirachta indica A.Juss) in Dushta Vrana (non healing diabetic ulcer)
Authors:   PG Scholar, Department of Roganidana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College of Ayurveda & Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka-573201 India, Chintankumar.G Malakiya , Ajantha  ,   Associate Professor & Head, Department of Roganidana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College of Ayurveda & Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka-573201 India, MShashirekha. K.S ,   Microbiologist, Department of Roganidana, Sri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara (SDM) College of Ayurveda & Hospital, Hassan, Karnataka-573201 India
Published: February 2022

Prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide is 285 million people and India is 50.8 million among whom diabetic foot ulcers is 3%. Non healing diabetic ulcer causes an increasing burden to healthcare and also antibiotic resistance to bacteria is noted. Nimba Patra is described as Krimighna in Ayurveda and researches show its antimicrobial effects against microorganisms.Therefore, Present study was planned to evaluate and compare sensitivity of alcoholic extract of Nimba Patra and aqueous extract of Nimba Patra on Staphylococcus aureus from pus of non healing diabetic ulcer (Dushta Vrana) patient by culture and sensitivity in vitro. On comparing the mean values of zone of inhibition observed against different concentrations of alcoholic and aqueous extracts of Nimba Patra, the mean value of zone of inhibition of alcoholic extract of Nimba Patra (in mm) was higher than that of aqueous extract of Nimba Patra which is statistically highly significant. Therefore it is concluded that alcoholic extract of Nimba Patra has better antimicrobial action than aqueous extract of Nimba Patra against Staphylococcus aureus derived from pus of Dushta Vrana (non healing diabetic ulcer) patient.