bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Towards more authentic simulation-based learning – Nursing students’ experiences
Authors: Salminen-Tuomaala Mari Helena , Leppäkangs Elina , Perälä Sami
Published: September 2020

Background: Nursing students need opportunities for authentic learning in contexts that strongly resemble real-life clinical settings.Objective: This qualitative study describes final year nursing students’ experiences of simulation authenticity and presents development needs proposed by the students. The study aimed at producing knowledge that can be used by educators and technology specialists to develop simulation pedagogy for acute nursing.Methods: Eleven final-year nursing students specializing in acute nursing (intensive care and in- and out-of-hospital emergency care) responded to a questionnaire with four open questions in December 2019. Inductive content analysis was used to analyze the data.Results: The students stressed the importance of their own preparations and living into the nursing role with proper briefing from an expert teacher, supported by a realistic representation of the setting using real equipment, actors, visualization and other multisensory cues.Conclusions: Students’ subjective experience of authenticity depends on many factors; preparation, awareness of objectives, support from the facilitator and the level of environmental fidelity. Simulations, which reach a reasonable degree of authenticity in the students’ experience, can be considered an effective form of authentic learning.
Multilevel Analysis of Factors Associated with Left Behind Children in China
Authors: Miyazaki Yasuo , Du Chenguang , Papadopoulos Joanna , Du Hongfei
Published: September 2020

With the rapid development of urbanization in China, a growing number of rural workers migrate to urban cities for employment opportunities with leaving their children at home. These children are called left behind children (LBC) in China and their population has dramatically increased during the last 20 years. So far, many studies have examined what factors were associated with this increasing LBC populations. However, they were rarely guided by a holistic perspective. The current study investigated 1,691 left behind children in 166 communities using data from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) in 2011. Based on the human ecology theory, this study explored family and contextual (community) characteristics associated with the left behind children (LBC) in China. The main results for this subpopulation of families with children revealed stark contrasts with the literature for the general population of migrants. That is, for the families with children, (1) contrary to the literature, father’s education was negatively associated with the probability of LBC at the individual level, even after the income was controlled; (2) community average father’s education was also negatively associated with LBC; but (3) community average household income was not associated with LBC once the average father’s education was controlled. The policy implications of these results are briefly discussed.
Job-Field Underemployment and Career Satisfaction: A Relationship of Cause and Effect
Authors: More Sharon , Rosenbloom Tova
Published: September 2020

The current article deals with the interesting phenomenon of mismatch between an academic graduate's field of education and their field of occupation (a phenomenon known in the literature as horizontal-mismatch or job-field underemployment), and its impact on the individual's career satisfaction. Some studies regarding the broader phenomenon of underemployment suggest that graduates might temporarily accept an underemployed job in order to avoid unemployment and obtain some work experience, but even though most of the relatively scarce articles on the subject suggest it is usually an involuntary phenomenon, almost none of them specifically focus on the case of job-field underemployment.

310 Israeli academics with almost-equal gender representation participated in this study. A statistically significant negative correlation has been found, according to which, the greater an individuals’ level of job-field underemployment, the lower their career satisfaction level. The main conclusion of the present study is that the individuals’ quality of job-field fit appears to be a very significant component in their career perception: The individual, being rational, will invest in a specific field of education in order to integrate into the labor market accordingly. Therefore, this phenomenon is not desirable for the individual, and it requires more informed career planning by the individual in order to avoid experiencing this phenomenon in the first place. At the macro-economic level, this requires better labor-market adjustments between the supply of labor and the demand for jobs.
The ICC or the ACC
Authors: Ekori Aghem Hanson
Published: September 2020

The ICC or the ACC: Defining the Future of the Immunities of African State Officials

The International Criminal Court (ICC), whose treaty came into force about 18 years ago, was highly celebrated at the time of its creation in 1998 by many African states, led by the African Union (AU), even though it does not recognize the immunities of state officials before its jurisdiction. Conversely, the African Criminal Court (ACC), which was established in 2014 through a Protocol by the AU, recognizes the personal immunities of serving African state officials before its jurisdiction. Accordingly, this article argues that both Article 46A bis of the Malabo Protocol and Article 27 of the Rome Statute are neither inconsistent nor violative of the customary international law rules on the immunities of state officials. It further suggests that the immunity provision in Article 46A bis may be an affront to justice to the people of Africa as long as the state officials are in office despite its seeming consistency with customary international law rule. Finally, in exploring the future of the immunities of African state officials, the article will examine the possibility of blending the jurisdictions of both the ICC and the ACC through the complementarity principle since both courts are aimed at ending impunity for international crimes.
Welzijn, primaire levensbehoeften en delinquentie bij adolescenten
Authors: Serie Colinda , Pleysier Stefaan , Put Johan , de Ruiter Corine
Published: September 2020

Well-being, primary goods, and delinquency in adolescents. Testing the etiological assumptions of the Good Lives Model

A recent rehabilitation theory, the ‘Good Lives Model’ (GLM), states that interventions that work towards a higher well-being can reduce recidivism risk more sustainably by promising a happier, pro-social life, rather than just a less harmful one. Although the GLM theory appears promising, limited empirical research has examined its underlying assumptions, applicability and its effectiveness. Research into the GLM with youth is even more limited. Therefore, in the current study, we investigate the main etiological assumptions of the GLM in a large group of adolescents between 14 and 18 years old from the general population (N=5.776), by means of self-report survey data on well-being, primary human goods and delinquency. The results show that a lower subjective global well-being is related to delinquent behavior. Especially the primary human goods of relatedness and working towards a financially stable future appear to be important goals for interventions aimed at rehabilitation of juvenile offenders.
Instagram e seus atributos de consumo: uma análise de conteúdo a partir do efeito priming
Authors: Barbosa Maria Naftally Dantas , Pereira Yákara Vasconcelos , Demoly Karla Rosane Do Amaral
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: Esta investigação objetivou identificar os atributos positivos e negativos das publicações do Instagram e suas formas de ativação do consumo.Método: Um estudo de caso foi realizado com os usuários do Instagram em duas etapas: entrevista coletiva e entrevistas individuais. Ao todo, 33 sujeitos participaram das entrevistas semiestruturadas, que foram examinadas por meio da análise de conteúdo com apoio do software ATLAS.ti.Originalidade/Relevância: Uma investigação sobre o Instagram como uma ferramenta online para influenciar o comportamento do consumidor é necessária, pelo fato de serem ambientes de construção e manutenção do relacionamento social que influencia a sociedade contemporânea.Resultados: Os resultados revelam que as publicações com imagens de elevada qualidade, pessoas felizes, boa apresentação do produto/serviço, experiências reais e positivas e informações complementares constituem os atributos positivos. Por outro lado, as publicações com imagens não atrativas e sem qualidade, que não correspondem à realidade do produto/serviço ou do usuário, com propaganda disfarçada e sem informações formam os atributos negativos. Ainda, nota-se que as publicações ativaram o consumo de diferentes formas, entretanto, isso apenas ocorreu devido às representações mentais pré-existentes. Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: Este artigo trouxe a discussão sobre a temática da ativação do consumo no Instagram, ainda pouco explorada na literatura do comportamento do consumidor. Ademais, retrata características das publicações que conduzem a efeitos positivos e negativos na visão de entrevistados que representaram cada Estado do Brasil.
A meta-synthesis of qualitative country reputation in search of building theory
Authors: Mariutti Fabiana , Dennes Danielle
Published: September 2020

Objetivo do estudo: O objetivo deste estudo interdisciplinar é teorizar a reputação de país usando a meta-síntese de estudo de caso como síntese de acumulação de conhecimento.Metodologia: Essa pesquisa adotou a abordagem de Hoon (2013) sobre meta-síntese de estudos de caso para analisar o acúmulo de conhecimento sobre a reputação dos países.Contribuições Teóricas e Metodológicas: A Figura 1. Etapas metodológicas da meta-síntese foram criadas com a apresentação das oito etapas do protocolo para orientar pesquisadores e profissionais. Dessa forma, a literatura foi concedida com contribuições teóricas e metodológicas sobre o entendimento aprofundado do construto reputação de país.Principais Resultados: Embora os métodos quantitativos predominem na literatura sobre a reputação de país, os estudos qualitativos representam uma escolha robusta para a construção da teoria, com a abordagem de meta-síntese. Sendo assim, a Figura 2. Framework da gestão da reputação de país foi proposta por meio da identificação de três condições principais, como (i) pesquisa sobre os atributos do local focados em seus impactos na sociedade; (ii) plano estratégico baseado na reputação percebida do local; e (iii) iniciativas governamentais para elaboração de políticas públicas.Relevância / Originalidade: Este é o primeiro estudo que aplica a meta-síntese de estudos de caso para teorizar a reputação de país.Implicações Sociais: A consolidação da teoria da reputação de país pode ajudar a desenvolver uma visão integrada para impactar as atividades econômicas perante a reputação global, com oportunidades para geração de negócios, renda do turismo e novas perspectivas de desenvolvimento social para um país, suas cidades e regiões. Como a marca de um país é uma ferramenta estratégica para os governos melhorarem sua reputação, os resultados podem possibilitar que as instituições responsáveis justaponham nosso modelo de framework de gestão para planejar, executar e monitorar estratégias por meio de parcerias públicas e/ou privadas.
Branded Content e engajamento do consumidor no Facebook: análise no varejo Omnichannel
Authors: Barreto Lucas Silva , Freitas Vérica , Freitas de Paula Verônica Angélica
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: o artigo analisa o impacto do branded content sobre o engajamento do consumidor de varejistas omnichannel no Facebook®.Metodologia: foi realizada análise documental para identificar estratégias omnichannel declaradas pelos varejistas e análise de conteúdo para identificar as estratégias de branded content realizadas por essas empresas no Facebook. Os dados coletados (140 observações) no Netvizz® foram analisados por meio do cálculo de correlação.Originalidade/relevância: por meio de análise estatística, o estudo buscou identificar se a utilização de estratégias de branded content promoveram maior engajamento de usuários no Facebook®, resultado especialmente importante para o varejo omnichannel diante da relevância de se compreender como os consumidores interagem nos diferentes pontos de contato.Resultados: a interatividade, as animações e os porta-vozes de marca foram as estratégias de branded content mais utilizadas pelos varejistas e o varejista que mais adotou essas estratégias foi responsável por mais de 80% do engajamento. Foi identificada uma correlação positiva, embora fraca, entre branded content e o engajamento dos usuários. As postagens com branded content foram responsáveis por 94% do engajamento.Contribuições teóricas: o estudo evidenciou a necessidade da congruência entre a ação de comunicação nas redes sociais e a necessidade de interação social atendida por essas redes, confirmando o melhor desempenho da utilização de estratégias criativas em redes sociais do que a comunicação objetiva de atributos.
Bibelkurs for 5. trinn
Authors: Holien Anny
Published: September 2020

Hvordan kan vi begrunne skole–kirkesamarbeid ut ifra den nye læreplanen for grunn-skolen? Kan vi fortsette med bibelkurs på 5. trinn? Hva slags opplegg kan vi tilby? Hva er en velegnet alder for bibelkurs?I mine 30 år som kateket i ulike menigheter har skole–kirkesamarbeid vært en meningsfull og inspirerende del av arbeidet. Jeg har særlig gledet meg over møtet med elevene på mellomtrinnet, og på 5. trinn spesielt, der jeg har hatt bibelkurs. I denne artikkelen vil jeg presentere mitt undervisningsopplegg for et slikt kurs.
WIP Vehicle Control Method Based on Improved Artificial Potential Field Subject to Multi-obstacle Environment
Authors: Yue Ming , Ning Yigao
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a control method for a WIP vehicle in multi-obstacle environment based on improved artificial potential field. Firstly, an improved artificial potential field (IAPF) is developed, where a safe distance is introduced to the existing repulsive potential field to solve the security issue, while the local minima can also be eliminated in the meantime. Next, an obstacle avoidance controller is designed based on the IAPF, where the nonholonomic constraint and underactuated characteristic of the WIP vehicle are fully considered, and the stability condition of the system is analyzed by means of the related control theory. Moreover, to further improve the control performance, a key parameter that play an important role in the controller is adjusted by taking advantage of fuzzy logic, and detailed analyses are given to demonstrate its necessity and effectiveness. Finally, considering a motion environment that contains dense obstacles, narrow corridor and an obstacle near the target, numerical simulations are conducted to validate the proposed method, whose results indicate that the method has a good performance to control the WIP vehicle in multi-obstacle environment.
Unsupervised Text Feature Learning via Deep Variational Auto-encoder
Authors: Liu Genggeng , Xie Lin , Chen Chi-Hua
Published: September 2020

Dimensionality reduction plays an important role in the data processing of machine learning and data mining, which makes the processing of high-dimensional data more efficient. Dimensionality reduction can extract the low-dimensional feature representation of high-dimensional data, and an effective dimensionality reduction method can not only extract most of the useful information of the original data, but also realize the function of removing useless noise. The dimensionality reduction methods can be applied to all types of data, especially image data. Although the supervised learning method has achieved good results in the application of dimensionality reduction, its performance depends on the number of labeled training samples. With the growing of information from internet, marking the data requires more resources and is more difficult. Therefore, using unsupervised learning to learn the feature of data has extremely important research value. In this paper, an unsupervised multilayered variational auto-encoder model is studied in the text data, so that the high-dimensional feature to the low-dimensional feature becomes efficient and the low-dimensional feature can retain mainly information as much as possible. Low-dimensional feature obtained by different dimensionality reduction methods are used to compare with the dimensionality reduction results of variational auto-encoder (VAE), and the method can be significantly improved over other comparison methods.
A study of supervised combined neural-network-based ultrasonic method for reconstruction of spatial distribution of material properties
Authors: Dapkus Paulius , Mažeika Liudas , Sliesoraitis Vytautas
Published: September 2020

This paper examines the performance of the commonly used neural-network-based classifiers for investigating a structural noise in metals as grain size estimation. The biggest problem which aims to identify the object structure grain size based on metal features or the object structure itself. When the structure data is obtained, a proposed feature extraction method is used to extract the feature of the object. Afterwards, the extracted features are used as the inputs for the classifiers. This research studies is focused to use basic ultrasonic sensors to obtain objects structural grain size which are used in neural network. The performance for used neural-network-based classifier is evaluated based on recognition accuracy for individual object. Also, traditional neural networks, namely convolutions and fully connected dense networks are shown as a result of grain size estimation model. To evaluate robustness property of neural networks, the original samples data is mixed for three types of grain sizes. Experimental results show that combined convolutions and fully connected dense neural networks with classifiers outperform the others single neural networks with original samples with high SN data. The Dense neural network as itself demonstrates the best robustness property when the object samples not differ from trained datasets.
„Die Rheinnixen“ contra „Tristan und Isolde“ an der Wiener Hofoper
Authors: Riemer Anatol Stefan
Published: September 2020

Even 200 years after Jacques Offenbach's birthday on June 20, 1819, research on Richard Wagner's Franco-German antipode of 19th-century music theatre is still characterised by a preponderance of studies on his biography and the libretti of his operas.

Here, Anatol Stefan Riemer for the first time takes a close look at Offenbach's compositional technique. The starting point for the analysis is his Great romantic opera "Die Rheinnixen", which in 1864 replaced Wagner's "Tristan und Isolde" from the repertoire of the Vienna Court Opera, and, last but not least, offers interesting insights into Offenbach's technique of the “Erinnerungsmotivik” beyond Wagner's “Leitmotivik”.
Evaluation of Heart Rate, Work Rate and O2 Uptake Relationships During Constant Load Exercise Test Work Load at the Anaerobic Threshold in Healthy Male
Authors: UGRAS Seda , OZCELİK Oguz
Published: September 2020

Objectives: During an incremental exercise test, increased metabolic demands of exercising muscle should be compensated with increased O2 uptake and heart rate until to their maximal levels. Anaerobic threshold (AT) describes the point of metabolic transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism and reflect moderate exercise intensity. The aim of this study was to evaluate O2 uptake to heart beat ratio (O2 pulse) and heat rate to work rate ratio (HR/WR) in response to constant load exercise at work load corresponded to AT.

Method: Twelve healthy young male subjects initially performed an incremental exercise test (15 W/min) until exhaustion. Then, each subject performed a 30 min of constant load exercise test that work load at their AT on separate days. Pulmonary gas exchange parameters were measured breath-by breath using a metabolic gas analyser. Cardiac parameters were followed continuously beat-by beat using a 12 lead ECG. AT estimated non-invasively using V-slope method.

Results: The heart rate for each watt of work production (HR/WR) was ranged between 0.97 beat/min/W to 1.76 beat/min/W and averaged 1.25±0.2 beat/min/W. The O2 pulse was ranged between 10.56 mL/min/beat to 16.15 mL/min/beat and averaged 13.38±1.5 mL/min/beat at the end of the test. A negative statistically significant correlation (R = - 0.90316, p
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on deaf adults, children and their families in Ghana
Authors: Swanwick Ruth , Oppong Alexander M. , Offei Yaw N. , Fobi Daniel , Appau Obed , Fobi Joyce , Mantey Faustina Frempomaa
Published: September 2020

This paper investigates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on deaf adults, children, and their families in Ghana, focusing on issues of inclusion. We ask what it takes to �make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable� (United Nations Strategic Development Goal 11) for deaf people in the context of the global pandemic in a low-resource context. The exceptional challenge to inclusion posed by COVID-19 is examined in terms of issues for deaf children and their families, and from the point of view of deaf adults in advocacy and support organisations. The pivotal language and communication issues are shown through a bioecological analysis that illuminates the interdependent dynamics of development and context, and their influence on access to, and understanding of, crucial information. It is argued that the global crisis of COVID-19 exposes and deepens issues of societal exclusion for deaf adults, children, and their families, and provokes wider questions about what inclusion means and how it can be realised, in different cultural contexts.
Effects of electrostimulation therapy in facial nerve palsy
Authors: Sommerauer Laura , Engelmann Simon , Ruewe Marc , Anker Alexandra , Prantl Lukas , Kehrer Andreas
Published: September 2020

Facial palsy (FP) is a functional disorder of the facial nerve involving paralysis of the mimic muscles. According to the principle “time is muscle,” early surgical treatment is tremendously important for preserving the mimic musculature if there are no signs of nerve function recovery. In a 49-year-old female patient, even 19 months after onset of FP, successful neurotization was still possible by a V-to-VII nerve transfer and cross-face nerve grafting. Our patient suffered from complete FP after vestibular schwannoma surgery. With continuous application of electrostimulation (ES) therapy, the patient was able to bridge the period between the first onset of FP and neurotization surgery. The significance of ES for mimic musculature preservation in FP patients has not yet been fully clarified. More attention should be paid to this form of therapy in order to preserve the facial musculature, and its benefits should be evaluated in further prospective clinical studies.
Azerbaijan-Iran relations: transformation of Azerbaijan's foreign policy during presidency of I. G. Aliyev
Authors: Alekseev Nikolai Nikolaevich , Babirov Imrin Mekhmanovich
Published: September 2020

This article explores the questions related to the current relations between Azerbaijan and Iran, namely vectors of development and milestones over the period from 2000 to 2020. Analysis is conducted on the contradictory positions and most favorable spheres for cooperation. An attempt is made to answer the question, why the promising relations between Baku and Teheran transitioned into a moderately tense state, and what factors influenced this process. Special attention is given to the process of harmonization of relations between the countries at the time of coming to power of the President of Azerbaijan I. G. Aliyev. Based on the acquired results, the authors came to the conclusion that the relations between Azerbaijan and Iran have high potential, first and foremost due to cultural and historical commonality of the nations. At the same time, the conducted research demonstrates profound systemic contradictions that impede achieving potential in development of bilateral relations between Azerbaijan and Iran. Such contradictions may constitute a threat to the regional international relations and often involve other countries (USA, Israel, Turkey, Russia, and Armenia). The novelty this work consists in comprehensive analysis of key events in the history of modern Azerbaijan-Iran bilateral relations, as well as transformation of foreign policy vectors of the countries, namely in the conditions of coming to power of the President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev.
Structuralism and contemporary mass art
Authors: Popov Denis Aleksandrovich
Published: September 2020

The subject of this research is the impact of structuralism as a scientific direction upon mass art. Stable invariant structures discovered by the structuralists in multiple artworks can be observed in mass art. Structuring, which initially was a method of research, turned into one of the practical recommendations on reating new works in mass art. The goal consists in the analysis of susceptibility factors of mass culture to the ideas of structuralism and results of using methodology of structuralism in mass artistic production. The initial methodological focus of this work lied in the concept of juxtaposition of craft and art, which goes back to I. Kant and is applied in modern aesthetics. The author leans on the methods of structuring and comparative structural analysis, as well as the elements of functional analysis. The main conclusion of consists in the statement that susceptibility of mass culture to the ideas of structuralism is substantiated by its economic goals, need to possess reliable and scientifically proven tools that would ensure commercial success of the artworks. However, the patterned application of structuring methods in mass art is capable of creating only craft products, rather than actual art.
The state of contemporary art in China: tradition and postmodernism
Authors: Dai Chuang
Published: September 2020

This article is dedicated to examination of the phenomenon of contemporary Chinese art, its essential specificity within the framework of tradition and in the conditions of globalization. For achieving the set goal, the author applies the method of historical-cultural analysis in combination with the elements of structural-semiotic analysis of contemporary art in China of the late XX century. For historical and social reasons, contemporary art became a substantial part of the works of Chinese artists only after the “Reform and Opening-Up” in the 1980s. China was able to preserve tremendous artistic heritage, thus the contemporary art resembles a fusion of the tradition and postmodernism. The scientific novelty of this work consists in shifting away from art discourse in studying artistic material and concentrating on philosophical perspective. The conclusion is drawn that since the 1980s until the present China undergoes a drastic period of transformation of art from traditional to contemporary. The works of that time reflect such themes as the alienation of a modern person from tradition, change in experience of world perception, conflict between modern politics and society.
The concept of glory in the Russian religious culture and secular discourse
Authors: Podchasov Alexey Sergeevich
Published: September 2020

This article is dedicated to conceptualization of the notion of glory in the Russian religious culture and secular discourse. Texts of the Holy Scripture indicate etymological relation of glory to the Ancient Hebrew root kbd (to be heavy, important, liver), which imposes additional meanings to the concept, not recorded in the dictionaries. For example, ancient Jews interpreted glory as a true value of the objects of corporeal and incorporeal world, which could be measured, “weighed”. Usage of the word glory in folklore, particularly in Christmas carols, as an imperative incantation can testify to the belief in the magic qualities of this word, as well as to connection of paganism and a religious rituals in people’s mind. As a result of comparative and hermeneutic analysis, the author concludes that in the religious context, glory retains the idea of the interconnectivity and interconditionality of hearing and speech, typical to the Indo-European root kleu, from which is stems from. A centuries-old process of de-ontologization led the loss of the internal form and value elements of semantic structure of glory, which caused distortion of this Christian concept in consciousness of the Russian native speakers. In the secular, profane discourse, fame became the key meaning of glory. However, in consciousness of the Russian native speakers, the word glory remains a significant source of cultural-linguistic information, which cannot be understood without reference to the history, traditions and religion of the nation.
The genre of folk riddles and forms of its application in ashug art of the Lezgins
Authors: Gasharova Aida Ruslanovna
Published: September 2020

The subject of this article is ashug art, namely improv singers. The object of this research is one of the genre varieties of ashug poetry – the dialogue songs. Roll songs hold a special place in non-ritualistic lyrical songs. With the historical development of the people, the contest songs stand out of the folklore poetry and take the form of riddles and solutions. These songs become a favorite genre of the Lezgin ashugs. Special attention is given to the transformation of the genre of folk riddles in the songs of ashug improvisators. Analysis is conducted on ideological-thematic diversity, as well as artistic distinctness of ashugs’ compositions. It is concluded that the poetic contest and dialogue songs, common in non-ritualistic lyrical songs of the Lezgins, received further development in the works of ashugs and improv singers. In later period, these songs appear in works of the classics of Lezgin poetry. The author's main contribution to this research consists in the analysis of ideological-thematic content and structure of poetic contest, presence of the genre of riddles therein, and as well determination of discrepancies between ashug riddles and folk riddles.
Main methods of Russian-Yakut translation of legal terms (based on the material of Russian-Yakut legal dictionary by B. N. Alekseev, V. N. Nikonov)
Authors: Borisova Yuliya Mikhailovna
Published: September 2020

The subject of this article is the methods of terminographical translation of legal terminology of the Sakha language employed in the Russian-Yakut legal dictionary. The goal of this work consists in determination of peculiarities of legal terminological lexicon and ways of conveying it to Yakut language. Terminographical analysis of the dictionary demonstrated that there is no strict rule for selecting the framework legal terms and terminological phrases. For example, the legal status of some commonly used words is questionable; the so-called “non-terminological” parts of speech manifest as the head term, and the form of feminine gender is presented excessively, which the authors propose on the equal basis with the form of masculine gender. This article is first to conduct a detailed analysis of instances of application of Russian-Yakut translation techniques of legal terms, such as equivalent, alternative translation, calquing, transliteration, as well as descriptive, situational and other translation methods. The article is based on the inductive-deductive method and method of selective sampling for terminographical analysis of translations of translation of legal terms and terminological phrases. The results terminographical analysis of the Russian-Yakut translation of legal allow concluding on the need for comprising the more extensive Russian-Yakut dictionaries of legal and sociopolitical terms.
The Geometer: A New Device for Recording Angles in Visual Surveys
Authors: Hansen Rikke Guldborg , Pike Daniel G. , Thorgilsson Baldur , Gunnlaugsson Thorvaldur , Lawson Jack
Published: September 2020

The Geometer is a new handheld USB device that facilitates a relatively accurate measurement of the declination to a target with instantaneous recording of this and other data. The Geometer offers several advantages over traditional clinometers used in aerial surveys, including easier target pinpointing and tracking, more consistent angle measurements, and integration with software data collection packages. In this note we provide technical specifications for the device and its associated software, and describe a new aerial survey data collection programme that takes full advantage of the features of the Geometer. We have tested this device extensively during aerial surveys and highlight the utility of the hardware as well as ways in which the technology could be improved.
Metachronous Cancer Occurring after Endoscopic Resection of Superficial Esophageal Cancer
Authors: Pih Gyu Young , Kim Do Hoon
Published: September 2020

Esophageal cancer has a relatively high prevalence of local recurrence, which is associated with a poor prognosis. Superficial esophageal cancer has shown a metachronous recurrence rate of 2.6~35.8% with the cumulative overall 3-year and 5-year metachronous cancer incidence being 9.9~15.5% and 20.6~24.5%, respectively. In addition to recurrences in the remnant esophagus, second metachronous primary tumors have been reported to arise in 4.0~37.4% of esophageal cancer survivors. The second primary cancers arising after a diagnosis of esophageal cancer are most commonly detected in the head and neck area, followed by the lungs and stomach. The field cancerization theory explains the high prevalence of head and neck cancer among esophageal cancer patients. The reported risk factors for metachronous esophageal recurrences include scattered-type Lugol staining, circumferential endoscopic resection of the primary lesion, heavy alcohol use, smoking, inactive aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 genes, alcohol dehydrogenase-1B genes, and young age at diagnosis of the primary cancer. The risk factors for metachronous second primary tumors include heavy alcohol use, smoking, and a previous history of radiation therapy. Consequently, periodic follow-up endoscopy using narrow-band imaging is essential for the screening of metachronous esophageal cancers and second primary tumors after endoscopic resection for superficial esophageal cancer.
A model of twenty-three metabolic-related genes predicting overall survival for lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhao Zhenyu , He Boxue , Cai Qidong , Zhang Pengfei , Peng Xiong , Zhang Yuqian , Xie Hui , Wang Xiang
Published: September 2020

Background

The highest rate of cancer-related deaths worldwide is from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) annually. Metabolism was associated with tumorigenesis and cancer development. Metabolic-related genes may be important biomarkers and metabolic therapeutic targets for LUAD.

Materials and Methods

In this study, the gleaned cohort included LUAD RNA-SEQ data from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and corresponding clinical data (n = 445). The training cohort was utilized to model construction, and data from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO, GSE30219 cohort, n = 83; GEO, GSE72094, n = 393) were regarded as a testing cohort and utilized for validation. First, we used a lasso-penalized Cox regression analysis to build a new metabolic-related signature for predicting the prognosis of LUAD patients. Next, we verified the metabolic gene model by survival analysis, C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were utilized to verify the gene signature as an independent prognostic factor. Finally, we constructed a nomogram and performed gene set enrichment analysis to facilitate subsequent clinical applications and molecular mechanism analysis.

Result

Patients with higher risk scores showed significantly associated with poorer survival. We also verified the signature can work as an independent prognostic factor for LUAD survival. The nomogram showed better clinical application performance for LUAD patient prognostic prediction. Finally, KEGG and GO pathways enrichment analyses suggested several especially enriched pathways, which may be helpful for us investigative the underlying mechanisms.
Identification and expression profiles of candidate chemosensory receptors in Histia rhodope (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae)
Authors: Yang Haibo , Dong Junfeng , Sun Ya-Lan , Hu Zhenjie , Lyu Qi-Hui , Li Dingxu
Published: September 2020

Insect olfaction and vision play important roles in survival and reproduction. Diurnal butterflies mainly rely on visual cues whereas nocturnal moths rely on olfactory signals to locate external resources. Histia rhodope Cramer (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) is an important pest of the landscape tree Bischofia polycarpa in China and other Southeast Asian regions. As a diurnal moth, H. rhodope represents a suitable model for studying the evolutionary shift from olfactory to visual communication. However, only a few chemosensory soluble proteins have been characterized and information on H. rhodope chemoreceptor genes is currently lacking. In this study, we identified 45 odorant receptors (ORs), nine ionotropic receptors (IRs), eight gustatory receptors (GRs) and two sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs) from our previously acquired H. rhodope antennal transcriptomic data. The number of chemoreceptors of H. rhodope was less compared with that found in many nocturnal moths. Some specific chemoreceptors such as OR co-receptor (ORco), ionotropic receptors co-receptor, CO2 receptors, sugar receptors and bitter receptors were predicted by phylogenetic analysis. Notably, two candidate pheromone receptors (PRs) were identified within a novel PR lineage. qRT-PCR results showed that almost all tested genes (22/24) were predominantly expressed in antennae, indicating that they may be important in olfactory function. Among these antennae-enriched genes, six ORs, five IRs and two GRs displayed female-biased expression, while two ORs displayed male-biased expression. Additionally, HrhoIR75q.2 and HrhoGR67 were more highly expressed in heads and legs. This study enriches the olfactory gene inventory of H. rhodope and provides the foundation for further research of the chemoreception mechanism in diurnal moths.
Forest before the trees in the aquatic world: global and local processing in teleost fishes
Authors: Santacà Maria , Miletto Petrazzini Maria Elena , Dadda Marco , Agrillo Christian
Published: September 2020

Background

The study of illusory phenomena is important to understanding the similarities and differences between mammals and birds’ perceptual systems. In recent years, the analysis has been enlarged to include cold-blooded vertebrates, such as fish. However, evidence collected in the literature have drawn a contradictory picture, with some fish species exhibiting a human-like perception of visual illusions and others showing either a reversed perception or no susceptibility to visual illusions. The possibility exists that these mixed results relate to interspecific variability in perceptual grouping mechanisms. Therefore, we studied whether fish of five species exhibit a spontaneous tendency to prioritize a global analysis of the visual scene—also known as global-to-local precedence—instead of focusing on local details.

Methods

Using Navon-like stimuli (i.e., larger recognisable shapes composed of copies of smaller different shapes), we trained redtail splitfin, zebrafish, angelfish, Siamese fighting fish and three spot gourami to discriminate between two figures characterized by congruency between global and local information (a circle made by small circles and a cross made by small crosses). In the test phase, we put global and local cues (e.g., a circle made by small crosses) into contrast to see whether fish spontaneously rely on global or local information.

Results

Like humans, fish seem to have an overall global-to-local precedence, with no significant differences among the species. However, looking at the species-specific level, only four out of five species showed a significant global-to-local precedence, and at different degrees. Because these species are distantly related and occupy a broad spectrum of ecological adaptations, we suggest that the tendency to prioritize a global analysis of visual inputs may be more similar in fish than expected by the mixed results of visual illusion studies.
A new species ofScapholeberisSchoedler, 1858 (Anomopoda: Daphniidae: Scapholeberinae) from the Colombian Amazon basin highlighted by DNA barcodes and morphology
Authors: Andrade-Sossa Camilo , Buitron-Caicedo Lorena , Elías-Gutiérrez Manuel
Published: September 2020

Background

The Amazon basin is recognized as one of the most complex and species-rich freshwater environments globally. The diversity of zooplankton here remains unknown, with many species undescribed.

Methods

Here, we describe a new species ofScapholeberisSchoedler, 1858 (Cladocera: Anomopoda: Daphniidae: Scapholeberinae) from the Colombian Amazon Basin, collected with recently designed light traps. The description is based on detailed morphology (based on SEM and light microscopy) of parthenogenetic females, ephippial females, males, and molecular data based on the COI gene.

Results

Scapholeberis yahuarcaquensisn. sp. has a combination of characters present inScapholeberis kingiSars, 1888 andScapholeberis armata freyiDumont & Pensaert, 1983. These are a trilobate rostrum, with the middle lobe well developed with sides straight to relatively rounded, the presence of an elongated slit frontal head pore, a dorsal pore in the juncture of the cephalic shield and the valves, and a single denticulate membrane at the posterior rim of the valves, with stronger setae in the last third. The unique characters of the parthenogenetic females are ventral sucker with delicate triangles. Each has a filament-like projection in the lamellae’s inner side and an external section forming convex folds with denticle-like projections in the middle zone of the sucker-plate. There is a peculiar pitted sculpture in the ephippial females and a strong projection in the front of it. The male hook on the limb I with a blunt tip, a quirky lamella-like outgrow in the proximal side, and a paddle with well-developed spines scattered on its surface. The ventral sucker-lamellae in the male is much more developed than the female. The COI gene sequences showed an interspecific mean genetic divergence of 16.4% betweenS. yahuarcaquensisn. sp. and the closest speciesS. freyifrom Mexico, supporting our results. A coalescence analysis and Barcode Index Number also support the new species based on the DNA sequences. New methods of collecting and integrative biology will give important support to recognize the fauna from the Amazon Basin, one of the most important sources of fresh water in the world that remains unknown in many respects.
Plant RNA viruses: strategies of expression and regulation of Viral Genes
Authors: Joshi Sadhna , Haenni Anne-Lise
Published: July 2002

Plant RNA virus
In vitro translation
In vivo translation
Protein synthesis regulation
Low affinity of the receptor for 1α, 25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 in the marmoset, a new world monkey
Authors: Liberman Uri A. , de Grange Donald , Marx Stephen J.
Published: July 2002

Circulating levels of 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D are 10‐fold higher in the marmoset, a New World monkey, than in man; to assess hormone receptors, we evaluated interactions of 1,25‐dihydroxy vitamin D3 with virus‐transformed lympocytes. soluble extracts of transformed lymphocytes from humans showed hormone binding with affinity and capacity similar to that of receptors for 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D from other human tissues. However, soluble extracts of transformed lymphocytes from the marmoset showed a strikingly lower affinity for 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D (K
d 2.2 vs 0.27 nM in marmoset vs human) and a mildly lower binding capacity (6.9 vs 16 protein). A defective receptor for 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D3 could account for resistance of target tissues to this hormone in the marmoset.
Characterization of a monoclonal antibody reacting with histone H3
Authors: Muller S. , Jockers-Wretou E. , Sekeris C.E. , Van Regenmortel M.H.V. , Bautz F.A.
Published: July 2002

A hybridoma cell line, 1GB3, has been obtained from a fusion between SP/O‐Ag 14 myeloma cells and lymphocytes from BALB/c mice immunized with rat liver nuclear proteins. This hybridoma secreted a monoclonal antibody of the IgG2b class which reacted specifically with histone H3 in enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as well as in immunoblotting and immunodot assays. Stringent test conditions were necessary to eliminate the presence of nonspecific or contaminating reactions with other histones than H3. The monoclonal antibody appears to recognize an epitope situated in the N‐terminal residues 20–50 of histone H3; it recognizes this epitope in the octamer aggregate of core histones but not in the core particle.
Poly ADP‐ribosylation ‐ A cellular emergency reaction?
Authors: Wintersberger Ulrike , Wintersberger Erhard
Published: July 2002

We propose that the activation of poly(ADP‐ribose) synthetase by DNA damage serves to decrease rapidly and transiently the cellular level of NAD (by production therefrom of poly ADP‐ribose). The result is a slow‐down of energy‐requiring reactions, in particular of replicative DNA synthesis giving cells more time to repair the damage. We do not attribute any specific role to poly ADP‐ribosylated proteins in this reaction beyond their action as acceptors for poly ADP‐ribose
Murine mammary FM3A carcinoma cells transformed with the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase gene are highly sensitive to the growth‐inhibitory properties of (E)‐5‐(2‐bromovinyl)‐2'‐deoxyuridine and related compounds
Authors: Balzarini J. , de Clercq E. , Ayusawa D. , Seno T.
Published: July 2002

Murine mammary carcinoma (FM3A TK−/HSV‐1 TK+) cells, which are thymidine kinase (TK)‐deficient but have been transformed with the herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) TK gene are inhibited in their growth by (E)‐5‐(2‐bromovinyl)‐2'‐deoxyuridine (BVDU), (E)‐5‐(2‐iodovinyl)‐2'‐deoxyuridine (IVDU) and (E)‐5‐(2‐bromovinyl)‐2'‐deoxycytidine (BVDC) at 0.5, 0.5 and 0.8 , respectively; i.e., a concentration 5000 to 20000‐fold lower than that required to inhibit the growth of the corresponding wild‐type FM3A/0 cells. Hence, transformation of tumor cells with the HSV‐1 TK gene makes them particularly sensitive to the cytostatic action ofBVDU and related compounds.
Inositol trisphosphate does not release Ca2+ from permeabilized cardiac myocytes and sarcoplasmic reticulum
Authors: Movsesian Matthew A. , Thomas Andrew P. , Selak Mary , Williamson John R.
Published: July 2002

Co2+ uptake
Ca2+ release
Cardiac myocyte
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Jnositol 1,4,5‐trisphosphate
Cyclic AMP raises cytosolic Ca2+ and promotes Ca2+ influx in a clonal pancreatic β‐cell line (HIT T‐15)
Authors: Prentki Marc , Glennon Major C. , Geschwind Jean-François , Matschinsky Franz M. , Corkey Barbara E.
Published: July 2002

The effect on cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of cAMP analogues and the adenylate cyclase‐stimulating agents forskolin, isoproterenol and glucagon has been examined in an insulin‐secreting β‐cell line (HIT T‐15) using fura 2. All these manipulations of the cAMP messenger system promoted a rise in [Ca2+]i which was blocked by the Ca2+ channel antagonists verapamil and nifedipine or by removal of extracellular Ca2+. The action of the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin was glucose‐dependent. The results suggest that cAMP elevates [Ca2+]i in HIT cells by promoting Ca2+ entry through voltage‐sensitive Ca2+ channels, not through mobilization of stored Ca2+. Activation of Ca2+ influx may be an important component of the mechanisms by which cAMP potentiates fuel‐induced insulin release.