bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Imaginary Worlds: The Status of Modeled Quality Adjusted Life Year Claims for New Oral Anticoagulants in Atrial Fibrillation Published Between January 2012 and February 2016
Authors: Langley Paul C , Rhee Taeho Greg
Published: January 2018

The purpose of this commentary is to evaluate modeled quality adjusted life year claims (QALYs) for new oral anticoagulants (NOACs) published in the period from January 2012 to February 2016. The focus of this commentary is to assess whether or not the modeled claims meet the standards of normal science in supporting falsification and replication. A systematic and consensus review by the authors identified a total of 23 cost-utility NOACs evaluations along with four single technology appraisals undertaken by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK. Each study was evaluated in terms of four criteria: (i) did the study generate evaluable claims (ii) id the authors attempt to generate evaluable claims (iii) did the authors suggest how the claims might be evaluated and (iv) did the authors caution readers as to the implications of generating non-evaluable projections or claims for credibility in health system decision making? None of the 23 studies assessed or the four NICE single technology appraisals met any of the four assessment criteria. None of the studies presented projections or claims in a form suitable for empirical evaluation. None could support falsification or replication. They failed the standards associated with the scientific method. Failure to meet the standards of normal science meant that the studies, from a formulary assessment perspective, are not credible. The claims made were either impossible to verify, or if potentially verifiable, were not presented in a testable form. There was no basis for assessing whether the claims were right or even if they were wrong. This lack of scientific credibility is a major concern. In particular, the choice of a lifetime cost-utility framework for assessing the NOACs against warfarin and against each other effectively precludes any experimental assessment. If medical economics is to advance through the formulation and testing of hypotheses, then editors of journals should consider whether or not to set standards for the acceptance of publications to include the requirement for testable claims and the results of claims assessment. If this is not acceptable, then it should be made clear that published modeled claims and simulations are simply imaginary worlds or thought experiments. Editors cannot sit back and assume that at some time in the future non-testable projections will possibly be evaluated.

Conflict of Interest

None

 

Type: Commentary
Medication Reconciliation Limitations: Observation of the Medication Reconciliation Process in the Emergency Department by Two Immersion Pharmacy Students
Authors: Chong Christine , Haile Amanda
Published: January 2018

Multiple medical records may exist for a particular individual based on the various health services he or she receives. Maintaining updated, accurate records remains the responsibility of both practitioners and patients. Medication reconciliation, defined as the process to accurately depict the patient’s current orders and medications, 2 seeks to avoid errors in duplicity, interactions and dosing errors. Medication histories at Moses Cone Hospital are currently recorded by pharmacy technicians who follow specific standards, for instance they cannot remove “house meds”, which are prescribed medications with an active prescription attached. Technicians instead mark these medications for removal, leaving reconciliation to the physician. The physicians in the emergency department are not required to complete a full reconciliation for patient's profiles as this is a task left for the admitting physician. This leads to the question whether the reconciliation process in the emergency department (ED) needs to be re-evaluated. Patients’ “After Visit Summary” reports were used to analyze patient profiles in determining medication reconciliation statuses (whether fully reconciled, partially reconciled, or unreconciled). 280 patients’ profiles were used. 243 records (86.79%) were found unreconciled, 18 (6.43%) were partially reconciled, and 19 (6.79%) were fully reconciled.

Conflict of Interest

We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties

 

Type: Student Project
Pharmacy Students as Health Coaches
Authors: Trombetta Dominick P , Yanoski Heidi
Published: January 2018

Chronic diseases are the main contributor to both health care costs and mortality in the United States, with medication non-adherence and lifestyle modifications being leading causes. To motivate patients with several co-morbidities, the longitudinal care class was used to educate on maintaining adherence to prescribed regimens. Twenty pharmacy students were trained in health coaching and motivational interviewing methods. Specifically, students were to provide patients with education sheets, apply the teach-back method, and motivate the patient to develop and reach SMART goals made with the pharmacy student over a course of one academic school year.

Conflict of Interest

We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.

 

Type: Note
Imaginary Worlds and the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) Evidence Report: Targeted Immune Modulators for Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Langley Paul C
Published: January 2018

In April 2017, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) issued its evidence report on the value of targeted immune modulators (TIMs) in rheumatoid arthritis. The report made the case that for the TIMs to be accepted for formulary placement in the US, where notional willingness-to-pay thresholds are the ICER gateway criteria, manufacturers should be prepared to offer substantial unit price discounts. The purpose of this commentary is to make the case that the methodology underpinning the ICER claims for value assessment does not meet the required standards of normal science. None of the claims made for clinical and comparative cost-effectiveness are credible, evaluable and replicable. As such, formulary committees have no idea whether ICER recommendations are right or even if they are wrong. They are, in fact, immune to failure and should be rejected. Utilizing ICER claims generated by simulated projections, this review points out that it is entirely possible to justify the current WAC or net pricing structure of TIMS. The review concludes that if ICER is to contribute to the successful formulary placement of drugs and devices the methodology for pricing recommendation should be re-assessed. As it stands, questions must be raised regarding recommendations for, possibly unnecessary, price discounts. ICER needs to develop an assessment framework that focuses on developing claims for competing therapies that are robust, evaluable and replicable together with recommendations on how these claims are to be evaluated in a timeframe meaningful to health care decision makers.

 

Type: Commentary
Rush to Judgement: Imaginary Worlds and Cost-Outcomes Claims for PCSK9 Inhibitors
Authors: Langley Paul C
Published: January 2018

Pricing by the manufacturers of the two PCSK9 inhibitors recently approved by the FDA, evolocumab and alirocumab, has led to an ongoing debate over the value of these interventions in clinical practice. In the US, the Institute for Clinical and Economic Review (ICER) has been in the forefront of those who have argued that, in the context of notional incremental willingness-to-pay thresholds, manufacturers should reduce drug prices substantially. This conclusion has been echoed in a number of other technology assessments, notably in assessments by the National Institute of Health and Care Excellence (NICE) in the UK. At the same time, other evaluations have reported favorably, arguing that at current US prices, the two products meet willingness-to-pay benchmarks. The purpose of this commentary is not to argue for or against current PCSK9 pricing policies but to point out that the case made for possible price adjustments rest upon technology assessments that fail to meet the standards of normal science. Modeled claims that are properly classified as pseudoscience. The claims made are non-evaluable. Formulary committees, rather than accepting these claims at face value, should step back and work with manufacturers to develop claims that are targeted, robust, evaluable and replicable in a timeframe where feedback on PCSK9 outcomes are meaningful to health system decision makers.

 

Type: Commentary
The Innovation Opportunity in Pharmacy Education Standards
Authors: Patel Ravi M
Published: January 2018

The changing landscape of healthcare and recent formal Standards for innovation in pharmacy education presents a unique opportunity. To realize this opportunity, pharmacy should learn from the successes of other fields to make use of the rich environment for improvement in healthcare. The University of Pittsburgh School of Pharmacy presents one example of a Program that utilizes a curriculum, projects, and partners to realize innovation. Educators in pharmacy can make use of the opportunity for innovation by learning from successful examples and embracing the process’s challenges of iteration.

 

Type: Commentary
Online Tools to Improve Faculty Collaboration and Time Efficiency Inside and Outside the Classroom
Authors: Arif Sally A , Nizamuddin Huma
Published: January 2018

The optimization of time is a valuable commodity to achieve scholarly and teaching goals. Embracing technology and the use of online tools can assist with focused communication and project collaboration with both students and faculty. An innovative approach to connecting virtually is more relevant today, as a majority of current pharmacy students are millennial-learners who are technologically proficient and more likely to adopt online tools. The aim of this commentary is to highlight the advantages of using such tools, while also stressing the considerations one should have when navigating the best fit to a faculty member’s needs.

Conflict of Interest

We declare no conflicts of interest or financial interests that the authors or members of their immediate families have in any product or service discussed in the manuscript, including grants (pending or received), employment, gifts, stock holdings or options, honoraria, consultancies, expert testimony, patents and royalties.

 

Type: Commentary
Risk Factor Management with Guideline-Based Medications for Prevention of Recurrent Ischemic Stroke: A Retrospective Chart Review
Authors: Rose Jessica S. , Kyle Jeffrey A. , Skellley Jessica W.
Published: January 2018

Background: Implementation of new practice guidelines for stroke prevention has decreased the number of patients experiencing recurrent stroke. Clinical trials show antihypertensives, high-intensity statins, and antithrombotics to be beneficial after stroke.

Objective: The objective of this study was to determine if recurrent stroke patients were discharged on guideline-based medications for secondary stroke prevention, and to identify potential errors in appropriate prescribing of medications.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted at a community hospital and included patients 19 years and older diagnosed with their second, third, or fourth stroke (transient ischemic attack or cerebrovascular accident). Descriptive statistics were used to describe collected information. Collected data included relevant patient demographics, diagnosis, past medical history, medications, and readmission rates. The primary objective was the percentage of patients appropriately discharged on guideline-based secondary stroke prevention medications. Appropriate treatment was based upon the 2010 and 2014 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Guidelines for the Prevention of Stroke in Patients with Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack.

Results: A total of 124 charts were reviewed, 106 charts met the inclusion criteria. Guideline-based and appropriate medication-use was initiated in 9% and 4% of patients with noncardioembolic and cardioembolic stroke, respectively. Therapy deemed not guideline-based, but appropriate was initiated in 20% and 9% of patients with noncardioembolic and cardioembolic stroke, respectively. Errors in appropriate prescribing of secondary prevention medications were related to statins and antihypertensives.

Conclusion: Better adherence to preventative recurrent stroke measures is needed at the time of patient discharge.

 

Type: Student Project
Social Wealth Economic Indicators for a Caring Economy
Authors: Ghosh Indradeep
Published: January 2018

This essay introduces the reader to an entirely new set of measures that are urgently needed by policymakers and business leaders to foster personal, business, and national economic success. Social Wealth Economic Indicators are measures suggested by a partnership model of society, and they inform us that care work matters tremendously but is grossly undervalued. In our contemporary knowledge-service economy, the essential ingredient for social and economic progress is high-quality human capital, and the way to build such human capital is to support the work of caring and caregiving, traditionally considered “women’s work.” The data presented in this essay clearly show that early childhood care and education, family-friendly workplace practices, and the status of women are key determinants of economic success. But they are also necessary for healthy, creative, and cohesive societies in which members work in partnership with each other and with the natural environment to improve living conditions for all. This is the true meaning of social wealth.
Media Review: The Surprising Power of Liberating Structures
Authors: Pesut Daniel
Published: January 2018

Daniel Pesut reviews The Surprising Power of Liberating Structures, by Henri Lipmanowicz and Keith McCandless.
Curator's Statement: When Places Speak
Authors: Hadjiyanni Tasoulla
Published: January 2018

Artist's Statement for the cover art of IJPS volume 3, issue 3: When Places Speak, 2016. Photograph of exhibit featuring the photography of Xavier Tavera and Shiraz Mukarram.
FEMINIST AND STRUCTURAL NARRATOLOGIE AS IDENTITY (RE)-CONFIGURATIONS IN AFRICAN NARRATIVES: A META-CRITICAL EXPOSITION OF LITERARY ARTICLES
Authors: Ogunyemi Christopher Babatunde
Published: January 2018

Research in African literature articulated a number of literary and philosophical theories, particularly in the way that they can potentially undo conventional understandings of gender in the Nigerian context. This paper seeks to apply these insights in the form of a critical narratology.� Although narratology has a structuralist or formalist orientation, having its theoretical beginning in Saussure�s modern linguistics, and like structuralism, aspires to �scientific� or �universalist� claims, it, also, examines the way in which narratives affect the way we perceive the world. This paper will attempt to mobilise narratology critically, with the benefit of the insights emerging from various articles, in order to help our understanding of the question of gender and social themes in Nigerian post-colonial literature. Most especially, this paper will visualise the analysis of structural narratology and finally with feminist narratology in order to correct the inadequacies of structural narratology and the suppression of women in texts.Keywords: African literature, feminist narratology, gender identity, structural narratology
GRICE�S MAXIMS IN HUMOUR: THE CASE OF �HOME WITH KIDS�
Authors: Xue Zhao , Hei Kuang Ching
Published: January 2018

Sitcoms provide entertainment, one of which is through humour. Using Grice�s (1975) non-observance of Cooperative Principles � flouting, violating, infringing, opting out, and suspending as framework for analysis, this study aims to investigate whether the non-observance of Grice�s (1975) maxims can contribute to the humorous effects seen in the Chinese sitcom �Home with Kids (Season 4)�. Specifically, this study aims to detect which of the maxims play an important role in creating humour. Data were compiled from 96 episodes of the show. A comparison of the non-observance was made before findings were qualitatively presented. The findings revealed that flouting and violating were used most frequently to create humour. The outcome of this study will have beneficial effects for L2 learners of Mandarin by enabling them to comprehend Chinese humour. The implications derived from this study suggest that humour may be created differently due to cultural differences.��Keywords: Chinese sitcoms, humour, flouting, violation, non-observance, maxims
NEED ANALYSIS: THE WRITING SKILL INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL CONTEXT FOR ACADEMIC PURPOSES
Authors: Yundayani Audi , Emzir Emzir , Rafli Zainal
Published: January 2018

The required instructional material should be designed based on students needs. This study is intended toidentify 1) material design and organization, 2) language content, and 3) method and techniqueof the writing skill instructional material context for academic purposes which appropriate with studentscharacteristics and their situationrelated to the need of writing skills for academic purposes at non-English education study programs of STKIP Kusuma Negara Jakarta. The descriptive survey was used in identifying its material context through questionnaire, semi-structured interview and non-participant observation. The respondents were non-English education study programs students duringthe fifth semester in academicyear of 2016-2017.The result showed that 1) It is required to have clear and easily understandable writing instructional material for academic purposes; 2) The required language content is related to a)rhetorical-functional (descriptive, narrative, classifying and identifying); b) academic genres, in the forms of essay and report; c)writing process; d) summarizing; e) paraphrasing; 3) The method and techniques which are applied to instructional material must empower thestudents to practice a lot through communicative and applicative activities. Based on the findings, it can be concluded that need analysis should be the starting point in designing the instructional material, due to it is a process to determine students needs according to their wants, lacks, and necessities.Keywords: need analysis, writing for academic purposes, instructional material context
THE USE OF AUTHENTIC MATERIAL IN TEACHING WRITING DESCRIPTIVE TEXT
Authors: Sundana Gusti Panji
Published: January 2018

This study was conducted to figure out the effectiveness of using authentic materials in teaching writing descriptive text. The study was carried out at one of private universities in Bandung. This study used authentic materials from magazine, newspaper and internet articles as teaching media. The reason of using authentic materials taken from magazine, newspaper and internet was that they could bring the students into a non-threatening atmosphere in the classroom and link the classroom environment with the real world (Clark, 2000). In this study, the qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to gather the data. The data of this study were collected through pretests, posttest, and questionnaires. The findings indicated that using authentic materials in teaching descriptive writing had a significant role in improving students� writing skill with the significance of 0.05 (α 0.05). The result of t-obs was 3.218 and t-crit was 2.042. This result was supported by the questionnaire results in which the participants showed positive opinions in learning descriptive writing using authentic materials. Finally, it is expected that this study will give beneficial contribution to the teaching of writing for college students in which the technique applied is recommended to be used as an appropriate alternative to improve students� writing competence.Keywords: descriptive writing, authentic materials
INTERACTION PATTERNS IN ENGLISH AS FOREIGN LANGUAGE CLASSROOM AT LOWER SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Authors: Sundari Hanna , Rafli Zainal , Ridwan Sakura
Published: January 2018

Interaction plays an important role in language learning process in classroom setting. This present study aims at investigating the patterns used in classroom interaction by English lower secondary teachers. Using qualitative approach, this study was carried out in eight lower secondary schools (SMP) in Jakarta. Moreover, twenty English language experienced teachers with three to thirty-six years of teaching experiences were recruited as participants. Interviews, classroom observations/recording and focus-group discussion were instruments to collect data. For analyzing the data, qualitative data analysis was selected in developing categories and sub-categories of the data. The findings showed that the teachers apply at least three identified interactional patterns in EFL classroom in which modify the IRF structure. Teachers initiate interaction to the entire class (T-whole class interaction) by giving questions and instruction. Then, they also point out one specific student to answer the question or do the required task (Teacher fronted student interaction). In addition, teachers set the classroom activity to make the students interact each other (student-student interaction). Moreover, the student responses and other interactional features identified in language classroom are also discussed.Keywords: interaction patterns, EFL classrooms, secondary school
The Challenge of Sharing New Information
Authors: Simoneau Guy G.
Published: January 2018

Interim Editor-in-Chief Guy Simoneau opens 2018 with an introduction to the returning and new members of the editorial board, and a preview of the January issue of JOSPT. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(1):1–2. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.0101
Benefits and Threats to Using Social Media for Presenting and Implementing Evidence
Authors: Cook Chad E. , O'Connell Neil E. , Hall Toby , George Steven Z. , Jull Gwendolen , Wright Alexis A. , Girbés Enrique Lluch , Lewis Jeremy , Hancock Mark
Published: January 2018

As a potential high-yield tool for disseminating information that can reach many people, social media is transforming how clinicians, the public, and policy makers are educated and find new knowledge associated with research-related information. Social media is available to all who access the internet, reducing selected barriers to acquiring original source documents such as journal articles or books and potentially improving implementation-the process of formulating a conclusion and moving on that decision. The use of social media for evidence dissemination/implementation of research has both benefits and threats. It is the aim of this Viewpoint to provide a balanced view of each. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(1):3–7. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.0601
Little League Shoulder in a 15-Year-Old Male Baseball Pitcher
Authors: Zipser Mark C. , Sum Jonathan C. , Wilcox Alison G.
Published: January 2018

A 15-year-old baseball pitcher presented to physical therapy with a 1-week history of acute right shoulder pain experienced during the acceleration phase of throwing. The week after physical therapy evaluation, the patient returned with radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging results that revealed lateral physeal widening with adjacent edema. Additionally, a nondisplaced labral tear was noted. In this case, imaging was necessary for an accurate diagnosis of lateral physeal widening, commonly referred to as “Little League shoulder.” J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(1):51. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7369
Glenohumeral Dislocation With Engaging Hill-Sachs Lesion
Authors: Halle Rob , Dolbeer Jeffery , Goss Donald
Published: January 2018

A 20-year-old military cadet injured his left shoulder after landing in an abducted and externally rotated arm position while participating in a mandatory obstacle course. Following examination, the individual was taken to the emergency department, where radiographs confirmed an anterior dislocation of the glenohumeral joint and a large Hill-Sachs lesion wedged on the glenoid. Results of noncontrast magnetic resonance imaging and a computed tomography scan confirmed the presence of a large Hill-Sachs lesion. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2018;48(1):50. doi:10.2519/jospt.2018.7609
Evaluating A Training Process: A Live Study
Authors: Kumari Neeraj
Published: January 2018

A descriptive study was conducted on training process and it effectiveness in Essel Propack. “Regular training and development is an investment that will allow employees to prosper and develop their careers while giving the company's business a highly skilled workforce and a competitive advantage in the market”. The analysis was carried out using the SPSS software and stated satisfaction level of different parameters. It was found that employees were satisfied with certain parameters like training policy, training methodologies, trainer evaluation, learning, behaviour, reaction and results. There were certain parameters that needed improvement like trainer effectiveness, results and training methodologies. The overall training effectiveness was calculated as 3.5933, which showed people were satisfied with their current job trainings but still measures should to be taken to improve the effectiveness level. Certain suggestions and recommendations were given to improve the training process and its effectiveness. Outsourced trainings should be more and more encouraged. There should be a post-course discussion between the participants and his/her boss or management. Pre-course assessment of learner's knowledge and skills should be done prior to the training with the help of a test or a quiz. An action plan for the implementation of learning must be drawn immediately after training.
Perceived Job Insecurity: Investigating The Effect Of Demographic Characteristics
Authors: Adewale Adewale , Adekiya A.
Published: January 2018

Numerous literatures have shown that individuals who exhibit higher feelings of job insecurity are more likely to experience various health related challenges which might be detrimental to the organization and the society in general.
By following the transaction stress model Lazarus and Folkman (1984) which highlights inter individual differences in understanding job insecurity perception, the effect of demographic variables in this regard is investigated.
We use the cross sectional research design to elicit responses, through close ended questionnaire from one hundred and fifty three (153) randomly selected employees in the Nigerian Banking Industry. We use the independent t-test of difference and analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistics to examine the relationship between each of the five demographic variables considered and the tendency for perception of job insecurity.
Gender, marital status, age and educational qualification do not exercise any significant effect on perceived job insecurity while the occupational status of respondents exercises an influence in this relationship. Specifically, we found that those employees in managerial job position have higher tendency to exhibit job insecurity perception than other employees in junior, senior and middle level respectively.
Perceived job insecurity may be controlled by engaging personality, institutional and organizational based interventions regardless of employee's gender, age group, marital status and educational status. More focus should be given to employees in managerial and junior occupational cadre while making use of these interventions as these particular groups of employees are more likely experience higher level of this workplace syndrome.
Impact Of Demonetization: A Case Study Of Ambala Distt
Authors: Bansal Ajit
Published: January 2018

Demonetization is the act of stripping a currency unit of its status as legal tender. Demonetization is necessary whenever there is a change of national currency. The old unit of currency must be retired and replaced with a new currency unit. Samples of 200 respondents were randomly selected from Ambala District of Haryana. It is found that four variables namely gender, age, annual income, occupation have significant association with the impact of demonetization. It also results that demonetization helps demolish black money is the first ranking given by the respondents and it is followed by demolition of Social Evils like corruption, terrorism etc. It has been concluded that no doubt, most of the sectors have shown impact but all the issues mentioned in paper stand for very short period and in long term, Indian economy will emerge as one of the strongest economy in the world resulting from our government move of demonetization.
Positioning Strategies Of A Leading Company In The Domestic Market Of The Agro-food Sector
Authors: Vargas-Hernández José G. , Covarrubias Casco LEC. Cesar Jesús
Published: January 2018

The current work aims to analyze how the RYC food company has interacted during the last few years, in the food manufacturing industry and see what improvements can be implemented within it to further improve. To seek greater growth and to have a strength could be to innovate products to remain in force in the market, observer for strategic alliances with other leaders of the sector where they perform and thus be able to reach new markets where they are not yet so involved, where we will use a descriptive method in the study of this particular case. Obtaining results where it indicates the real capacities of a Mexican company with strength
Corporate Social Responsibility and Customer Engagement: A Greater Good For A Greater Gain
Authors: Srivastava Medha , . Priyanka
Published: January 2018

The ever evolving arena of customer relationships seems to be turning a new page by engaging the customers in all too new and innovative ways which were few years ago incomprehensible and impractical. The magnitude of such efforts is grand both in terms of scale and depth and may range from launching and lauding various commercial offerings to cater even infinitesimal demands of the customers to participate into and publicize the corporate social responsibility dimension of the business. Moreover, companies are walking many extra miles for actively seeking the cooperation of customers in creating a better and more sustainable business model and thereby, pursuing customer engagement in a subtle and suave manner. Present study aims to explore and enunciate the concept and antecedents of customer engagement in modern consumption scenario and decipher its denotation in terms of various customer engagement programs being organized across the length and breadth of businesses. Further, the study seeks to examine the impact of companies' corporate social responsibility practices upon the strength and success of their customer engagement programs.
Emerging Challenges For Brand Management: Anti-consumption And Brand Avoidance
Authors: Rai Puneet
Published: January 2018

The negative perception amongst consumers for a brand is the biggest challenge for brand managers. Understanding that there could be multiple reasons for the negative perception towards a brand is very important. Monitoring the various sources of negative perceptions as a construct facilitates brand management. Such a construct is termed as brand avoidance in marketing literature. Brand avoidance is defined as incidents in which consumers deliberately choose to reject a brand. This study discusses various sources/reasons of brand avoidance: experiential avoidance, identity avoidance and moral avoidance. Understanding of sources/reasons brings brand avoidance to the core of brand management. This study aims to discover why consumers place certain brands into their inept sets and anti-choice constellations. An in-depth understanding of brand avoidance facilitates the efforts of brand management as all possible sources of brand avoidance are regularly monitored and necessary corrective measures may be taken by the brand managers.
Building Key Organisational Talent Through Executive Education
Authors: Seth Rakesh
Published: January 2018

Business environment is hyper-competitive, and constantly changing. To succeed in this environment there is very pronounced need for a lifelong learning. To stay relevant and proactive, executives up and down the corporate hierarchy as well as business owners and all types of professionals are increasingly recognising the need to refine, update and expand their knowledge, perspectives, and skills. Today all top class owners and professionals have a desire to stay at the top of the game to effectively compete in the global business space
CULTURAL AWARENESS FOR ENGLISH LEARNERS
Authors: Senowarsito Senowarsito , AB Prabowo KA
Published: January 2018

Abstract The purpose of this study is how to enhance cultural awareness for English learners in Indonesia. Culturally, the learners have got accustomed to using Indonesian mind set or Indonesian expression style rather than native English style. The aim of teaching learning language is that learners should have communicative competence. The communicative competence model (Celce-Murcia et al) introduces that the main competence of communicative competence is discourse competence. The discourse competence can be achieved if the learners have socio-cultural competence, linguistic competence and actional competence. It means that teaching English involves not only knowledge of linguistic aspects and speech act or rhetoric aspects but also socio-cultural aspects, certain features and characteristics of the culture. In the teaching learning process, language and culture are considered interconnected. It can be stated that a language is a part of culture and a culture is a part of a language. Language cannot be taught without reference to cultural context. By understanding socio-cultural contexts, learners can encounter the factors of cultural differences. English teachers should acknowledge English expressions to the learners in English cultural contexts. In order to help teacher in assisting learners to overcome cultural problems, some activities recommended are role plays, simulation, games, readings, watching English films, inviting native speaker to attend a classroom, giving assignment to the learners to meet native speaker, and cross cultural gathering with expatriates. Thus, the English learners are expected to be able to use English as a means of communication in various spoken and written English contexts. Moreover, the development of the learners?óÔé¼Ôäó cultural awareness leads them to more critical thinking. The learners are more creative and have a sensitivity of culture in producing English utterances. In other words, the learners should have made efforts how to use English communicatively. Pedagogical implication for teaching English as a foreign language should consider English cultural elements integrated in English teaching-learning activities in order to gain communicative competence. Regardless of different point of views, the aim of this study provides necessary information of cultural awareness for the English teachers and learners and that of teaching learning activities incorporating the target language and its culture. Keywords: ?é?ácultural awareness, communicative competence, socio-cultural competence
FIGURES OF SPEECH; METAPHOR USED IN HOUSING ADVERTISEMENTS IN ?óÔé¼?ôTHE POINT?óÔé¼?Ø NEWSPAPER IN NOVEMBER 2009
Authors: Wahyu Widianto , Dias Susanto Andris
Published: January 2018

Abstract M. Wahyu Widiyanto and Dias Andris Susanto. Figures of Speech;?é?á Metaphor Used in Housing Advertisements in ?óÔé¼?ôTHE POINT?óÔé¼?Ø Newspaper in November 2009. The objectives of the study are (1) to know the kinds of metaphor are used in housing advertisements, (2) to know how metaphors are used in the realizing meaning. The object of this study was the housing advertisements in ?óÔé¼?ôTHE POINT?óÔé¼?Ø in November 2009. The data were words, phrases and sentences in the housing advertisements that contain metaphors. This research was meant to analyze metaphor used in housing advertisements. To make it more effective, the analysis was conducted through several steps. First, the advertisements from the Jakarta Post newspaper were collected and then those advertisements were arranged in data cards as an attempt to know the metaphor and separated based on the types. Finally, the classified phrases or sentences in the Advertisements were identified and were interpreted to get the final result. The kind of research does not focus on numbers or statistica
LIVE ORAL STORYTELLING IN ?óÔé¼?ôMIDNIGHT SUN AND OTHER STORIES?óÔé¼?Ø
Authors: Sri Suwarti Suwarti
Published: January 2018

Abstract Teaching is considered as an art. Art is closely related to enjoyment and entertainment. There are a lot of efforts should be done to attain the good result of learning. Storytelling can be used as one of forms in teaching in joyfulness. It can be given to the students of all ages at all levels of English proficiency. Live oral storytelling is interesting since the listeners not only can interpret but also express the facial expression and the gestures the storyteller makes. ?óÔé¼?ôMidnight sun and other stories?óÔé¼?Ø written by Wisnubroto Widiarso published by Kanisius can be used as the alternative in choosing live oral storytelling materials. These stories are meant not only to give readers or listeners knowledge about the difference between Indonesian and Western cultures but also the abilities in four language skills, especially listening one. They can arouse the student?óÔé¼Ôäós interest since they express the real life. The teacher can attract the student to be in a warm teaching and learning activities. Teacher as a storyteller should be dynamic and creative in searching the interesting stories. Meanwhile publisher should publish the qualified stories. The student motivates himself to enlarge their knowledge by having reading and listening habit.
TECHNIQUE OF QUESTIONING CARRIED OUT BY NOVICE TEACHERS
Authors: Sri Wayuni Sri Wahyuni
Published: January 2018

Abstract: When teachers conduct a lesson, the activity of posing questions always appears in it. The activity of posing questions includes the skills of basic questioning and advanced questioning in which a teacher must acquire. The focus of the study is on the basic questioning techniques only. ?é?áThe purposes of this study are aimed at finding: 1) the basic questioning component skill used by the novice teachers in the classroom, 2) the types of question used by the novice teachers in the classroom, and 3) the levels of questioning category used by the novice teachers in the classroom. This discourse study was based on the analysis of the teacher talk in class. The analysis was based on the recorded data of the five novices when they conducted lessons in class. The recorded data were transcribed. From the transcriptions, teachers?óÔé¼Ôäó talk were identified and classified into types of questions, levels of questions, and basic questioning components. The findings of the study are: 1) novices used higher number of closed questions; 2) there were more low level questions conducted by novices; 3) the large number of the skill components in their teaching activities were the distributing, pausing and reacting. ?é?á Key Words: Novice Teachers, Technique of Questioning,
A THOROUGH STUDY ON A CHILD LEARNING HER FIRST LANGUAGE: A Case Study on a Three-Year Old Child
Authors: Suwandi Suwandi
Published: January 2018

Abstract ?é?á This paper discusses mainly on?é?á the development of the language acquisition of the three year old child. The object of the study happens to be the writer?óÔé¼Ôäós granddaughter. So he could observe her totally, day by day for three years to see how her?é?á language acquisition developed. He recorded the produced sounds, words and sentences whether they are meaningful or not in order to see how she finally could form?é?á meaningful utterances. The fact that learning a first language needs much energy, time and endless effort; since she was?é?á a baby, the environment (the parents, grandparents, aunts etc) has been trying to stimulate her to talk. The response is astounding; she seems to understand what the adults have been communicating. Gradually, when she is three years old she can produce meaningful words, or utterances that can be understood by the adults and even can be used for communication. ?é?áTherefore, in this paper, the writer will reveal the process of how a child learns her mother tongue and show the progress of the language acquisition starting from the first cry until the ability to produce meaningful utterances. ?é?á
Analysis on Reading and Writing Section of Test Items in 2009/2010 English National Final Examination (UAN) for Junior High School Students
Authors: Musarokah Siti , Bharati Dwi Anggani Linggar
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to analyze the test items in the English National Final Examination (UAN) for Junior High School Students in the academic year 2009/2010. This study aims at analyzing the compatibility of the test items of package A in reading and writing section of English National Final Examination for Junior High School Students with the standard of graduate competence and the cognitive domains used in the test. The data were collected by using documentary method, while in analyzing the data the writers focused on matching the compatibility of the test items with the Standard of Graduate Competence and identifying the cognitive domain used. From the analysis, it was found that the test items of package A in reading and writing section of English National Final Examination 2009/2010 were in line with the Standard of Graduate Competence (SKL) arranged by the government. The cognitive domains in reading section mostly used level of comprehension. The cognitive domains in writing section used the application and the synthesis level. ?é?á Key words: analysis, test items, national final examination
Analysis on Reading and Writing Section of Test Items in 2009/2010 English National Final Examination (UAN) for Junior High School Students
Authors: Siti Musarokah , Linggar Bharati Dwi Anggani
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to analyze the test items in the English National Final Examination (UAN) for Junior High School Students in the academic year 2009/2010. This study aims at analyzing the compatibility of the test items of package A in reading and writing section of English National Final Examination for Junior High School Students with the standard of graduate competence and the cognitive domains used in the test. The data were collected by using documentary method, while in analyzing the data the writers focused on matching the compatibility of the test items with the Standard of Graduate Competence and identifying the cognitive domain used. From the analysis, it was found that the test items of package A in reading and writing section of English National Final Examination 2009/2010 were in line with the Standard of Graduate Competence (SKL) arranged by the government. The cognitive domains in reading section mostly used level of comprehension. The cognitive domains in writing section used the application and the synthesis level. ?é?á Key words: analysis, test items, national final examination
Teacher Education as a Profession : In Search of Quality Teacher
Authors: Suharno Suharno
Published: January 2018

Abstract For the last 50 years educators have spent a great deal of energy and time to the debate over whether teaching can be classified as a profession.?é?á This paper aims to elaborate the issues of teacher education as a profession and the attempts of classifying characteristics of quality teachers. Teacher education itself is intended to improve the teacher?óÔé¼Ôäós skills and knowledge and there have been some approaches for the teacher development such as teacher-as-researcher, action research, clinical supervision, reflective teaching, etc. From the teacher education or development we can figure out some features of effective or quality teachers. ?é?á Key words: teacher education, profession, quality teacher, approach, research
MARRY POPE OSBORNE?óÔé¼ÔäóS INFORMATION IN HER DIARY ?óÔé¼?ôMY SECRET WAR?óÔé¼?Ø: FROM THE MOOD ANALYSIS PERPECTIVE
Authors: Egar Ngasbun
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT ?é?á This paper concerns the Mood Analysis on My Secret War, a Diary written by Marry Pope Osborne. This analysis aims at: 1) identifying the Mood Structures realized in the diary and 2) describing the Finite verbal operators used in the text. The data was collected by using documentary method. The data analysis was done by a) ?óÔé¼?ôcoping down?óÔé¼?Ø sentences into clauses, b) identified the Subject and the Finite to find out the Mood structure and c) identified the Residue. From the analysis, it was found that the types of Mood in the text mostly use declarative mood and the Finite verbal operators used in the text are mostly past temporal operators. Here the writer tells her past experience. ?é?á Key words: analysis, Mood, diary
THE PORTRAYAL OF BLACK AMERICAN PEOPLE IN 1950?óÔé¼Ôäós THROUGH THE SETTING AND CHARACTER ANALYSIS IN WILSON?óÔé¼ÔäóS FENCES
Authors: Sophia Cicik
Published: January 2018

ABSTRACT The objective of this research is (1) to find out that the historical event that becomes the time set in ?óÔé¼?£Fences?óÔé¼Ôäó compared to the real life; (2) to find out Troy Maxson?óÔé¼Ôäós characteristics can be seen as the portrayal of Black American people who live in the same period as happened in ?óÔé¼?£Fences?óÔé¼Ôäó. The method used in this research is qualitative by using historical approach. The outcome of this research are (1) The setting used in this drama are ?é?á(a) historical setting; the drama takes place from the year 1950?óÔé¼Ôäós until 1960?óÔé¼Ôäós in America and (b) geographical setting; the drama takes place in Pittsburg, America; (2) Troy as the main character in ?óÔé¼?£Fences?óÔé¼Ôäó has characteristics as (a) realistic man and when its compared to the life of black people in that era, it is still hard for the black people to achieve their dream such as the baseball player because he knows the condition at that time is hard for black people who want to be athletes; (b) uneducated, illiterate man and it is appropriate to the education condition in that era for blacks are segregated and very poor; (c) high tempered is as the consequence of the racial tension and discrimination toward blacks at that time. ?é?á Keywords: setting, historical approach, characteristics, Black American people.
Teaching Paragraph Writing Through Interactive and Process Approaches
Authors: Setyorini Ajeng , Fani Prastikawati Entika
Published: January 2018

This article introduces the use of interactive approach in teaching writing, especially paragraph writing. Instead of communicating with the students about the writing product, the teachers of writing subject are mostly correcting the students?óÔé¼Ôäó mistakes and errors in writing. The general idea of writing process is considered very important since it is very helpful for the students. The process approach in teaching paragraph writing is not focusing on the writing product but it is focused on the process of writing, so that this suitable approach that suitable to be applied since writing is a series of process. Keywords: Paragraph, Writing, Process approach, Interactive approaches