bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurements and scaling of buoyancy-induced flows in ventilated tunnels
Authors: Salizzoni Pietro , Peruzzi Cosimo , Marro Massimo , Cingi Pietro , Angeli Diego , Kubwimana Thierry , Mos Antoine
Published: June 2023

We investigate the ventilation conditions required to control the propagation of smoke, produced by a tunnel fire, in the presence of two inertial forcings: a transverse extraction system and a longitudinal flow. For that purpose, we performed a series of experiments in a reduced-scale tunnel, using a mixture of air and helium to simulate the release of hot smoke during a fire. Experiments were designed to focus on the ventilation flows that allow the buoyant release to be confined between two adjacent extraction vents. Different source conditions, in terms of density and velocity of the buoyant release, were analysed along with different vent configurations. Experiments allowed us to quantify the increase of the extraction velocity needed to confine the buoyant smoke, overcoming the effect of an imposed longitudinal velocity. Vents with a rectangular shape, and spanning over the whole tunnel width, provide the best performance. Finally, we studied the stratification conditions of the flow, individuating four regimes. Interestingly, when the stratification conditions fade out, as both the longitudinal flow and vertical extraction flows increase, the flow dynamics becomes almost independent of the forcing induced by the presence of buoyant smoke, which eventually acts as a passive scalar transported by the flow.
Exact recovery of Granger causality graphs with unconditional pairwise tests
Authors: Kinnear R. J. , Mazumdar R. R.
Published: June 2023

We study Granger Causality in the context of wide-sense stationary time series. The focus of the analysis is to understand how the underlying topological structure of the causality graph affects graph recovery by means of the pairwise testing heuristic. Our main theoretical result establishes a sufficient condition (in particular, the graph must satisfy a polytree assumption we refer to asstrong causality) under which the graph can be recovered by means of unconditional andbinarypairwise causality testing. Examples from the gene regulatory network literature are provided which establish that graphs which are strongly causal, or very nearly so, can be expected to arise in practice. We implement finite sample heuristics derived from our theory, and use simulation to compare our pairwise testing heuristic against LASSO-based methods. These simulations show that, for graphs which are strongly causal (or small perturbations thereof) the pairwise testing heuristic is able to more accurately recover the underlying graph. We show that the algorithm is scalable to graphs with thousands of nodes, and that, as long as structural assumptions are met, exhibits similar high-dimensional scaling properties as the LASSO. That is, performance degrades slowly while the system size increases and the number of available samples is held fixed. Finally, a proof-of-concept application example shows, by attempting to classify alcoholic individuals using only Granger causality graphs inferred from EEG measurements, that the inferred Granger causality graph topology carries identifiable features.
Liberal Environmentalism: The Public-Private Production of European Emissions Standards
Authors: Ballor Grace
Published: June 2023

In the late twentieth century, the European Union (EU) emerged as a global leader in setting environmental protections, including vehicle emissions standards. But member state consensus around environmental rules did not come easily, and the regional norms eventually set by the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, had complex origins. This article argues that common emissions standards were ultimately achieved through a public-private process during the program to create the Single European Market in the 1980s and 1990s. For regional policymakers, standards were key to achieving an internal car market and strengthening the auto industry's global competitiveness; for many European carmakers and their transnational business associations, common norms could facilitate economies of scale and level the playing field. The “liberal environmentalism” born out of this convergence of interests produced common standards that fell pragmatically between the greenest member states and those most invested in protecting their national champion firms.
Nutritional compositions of Katuk leaves and their supplementation to hays of different quality: an in vitro study
Authors: Nurdianti R.R. , Nuryana R. S. , Handoko A. , Hernaman I. , Ramdani D. , Jayanegara A. , Dickhoefer U. , Böttger C. , Südekum K.-H.
Published: June 2023

Katuk leaves (Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr.; KL) are widely consumed by breast-feeding Indonesian mothers as it has been reported to increase breast milk production. It is hypothesized that supplementing KL in diets might increase crude protein (CP) concentration and fibre digestibility in the diet. The KL had high CP and non-fibre carbohydrate concentrations (333 and 332 g/kg dry matter; DM, respectively), but low neutral detergent fibre assayed with heat, a stable amylase and expressed exclusive of residual ash (aNDFom; 200 g/kg DM). Fibre digestibility linearly increased with increasing of KL supplementation in low-quality hay (LQH) diets. The KL did not contain a considerable amount of tannins. In LQH diets, gas production after 24 h incubation (GP24) linearly increased with increasing of KL supplementation (P < 0.001). Meanwhile, GP24 linearly decreased with increasing of KL supplementation in medium- and high-quality hays (MQH and HQH; P < 0.001). Metabolizable energy tended to linearly increase in LQH diets, but tended to linearly decrease with increasing of KL supplementation in MQH and HQH diets (P = 0.078). Therefore, this study suggested that KL can be a potential supplement in the ruminant diet due to its abundant dietary proteins but low fibre concentration in its leaves. However, further studies (e.g. in vitro or in vivo) investigating other rumen parameters after incubation should be performed to validate how KL can be supplemented in the diet of ruminant livestock.
Phonological conditioning of affricate variability in Emirati Arabic
Authors: Szreder Marta , Derrick Donald
Published: June 2023

This study investigates the conditioning effects of neighbouring consonants on the realisation of the phonemes /k/ and /dʒ/ in Emirati Arabic (EA), which are optionally realised as [tʃ] and [j], respectively. Based on previous accounts of EA and other Gulf Arabic (GA) dialects, we set out to test the prediction that proximity of other, phonetically similar coronal (COR) obstruents [COR, −son, −cont] and coronal postalveolar fricatives [COR, −ant] inhibit the surface realisation of the affricate variants of these phonemes. We examine elicitation data from twenty young female native speakers of EA, using stimuli with the target segment in the presence of a similar neighbour, as compared to words with the neighbour at a longer distance or with another coronal consonant. The results point to an asymmetry in the behaviour of the voiced and voiceless targets, such that the predicted inhibitory effect is confirmed for the voiced, but not the voiceless target. We argue that this finding, coupled with a consideration of the intra-participant and lexical trends in the data, is compatible with an approach that treats the two processes as being at different stages of development, where the [k∼tʃ] alternation is a completed phonemic change, while the [dʒ∼j] alternation is a synchronic phonological process.
Crystal structure of meglumine diatrizoate, (C7H18NO5)(C11H8I3N2O4)
Authors: Ens Tawnee M. , Kaduk James A. , Dosen Anya Vieira , Blanton Thomas N.
Published: June 2023

The crystal structure of meglumine diatrizoate has been solved and refined using synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data and optimized using density functional theory techniques. Meglumine diatrizoate crystallizes in space group P21 (#4) with a = 10.74697(4), b = 6.49364(2), c = 18.52774(7) Å, β = 90.2263(3), V = 1292.985(5) Å3, and Z = 2. Two different crystal structures, which yielded essentially identical refinement residuals and positions of the non-H atoms, were obtained. The differences were in the H atom positions and the hydrogen bonding. One structure was 123.0 kJ/mol/cell lower in energy than the other and was adopted for the final description. The crystal structure consists of alternating double layers of cations and anions along the c-axis. The hydrogen bonds link the cations and anions into a three-dimensional framework. Each of the hydrogen atoms on the ammonium nitrogen of the cation acts as a donor in a strong N–H⋯O hydrogen bond. One of these is to a hydroxyl group of another cation, and the other is to the carboxylate group of the anion. Each of the amide nitrogen atoms of the anion forms a strong N–H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bond, one to a carbonyl and the other to a carboxylate group. The powder pattern has been submitted to ICDD for inclusion in the Powder Diffraction File™ (PDF®).
Measurement Invariance of the Intelligence and Development Scales	– 2 Across Language Versions, Gender, and Age
Authors: Grieder Silvia , Visser Linda , Timmerman Marieke E. , Grob Alexander
Published: June 2023

Abstract: We examined the factor structure and measurement invariance of the intelligence and basic skills domains of the Intelligence and Development Scales – 2 (IDS-2) with the Dutch ( N = 1,665) and German ( N = 1,672) standardization samples. First, we tested five competing models using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the Dutch data: two empirically based, derived earlier from the German data, and three theoretically based (IDS-2 and two Cattell–Horn–Carroll-based). Subsequently, we evaluated the measurement invariance of the final model across the Dutch and German versions and gender using multiple-group CFA and across age using local structural equation modeling. A second-order model with six first-order factors best represented the Dutch IDS-2 structure. Five IDS-2 factors were confirmed, but Visual Processing and Abstract Reasoning, and the intelligence and basic skills domains were not separable. This model displayed full invariance across the language versions and was largely invariant across gender and age (7–20 years). Thus, scores derived according to this model are comparable across these language versions, gender, and age. The strong general intelligence factor and weak broad ability factors ask for precaution when basing clinical interpretation on the broad ability factors.
Half-Heusler alloys as emerging high power density thermoelectric cooling materials
Authors: Zhu Hangtian , Li Wenjie , Nozariasbmarz Amin , Liu Na , Zhang Yu , Priya Shashank , Poudel Bed
Published: June 2023

To achieve optimal thermoelectric performance, it is crucial to manipulate the scattering processes within materials to decouple the transport of phonons and electrons. In half-Heusler (hH) compounds, selective defect reduction can significantly improve performance due to the weak electron-acoustic phonon interaction. This study utilized Sb-pressure controlled annealing process to modulate the microstructure and point defects of Nb0.55Ta0.40Ti0.05FeSb compound, resulting in a 100% increase in carrier mobility and a maximum power factor of 78 µW cm−1 K−2, approaching the theoretical prediction for NbFeSb single crystal. This approach yielded the highest average zT of ~0.86 among hH in the temperature range of 300-873 K. The use of this material led to a 210% enhancement in cooling power density compared to Bi2Te3-based devices and a conversion efficiency of 12%. These results demonstrate a promising strategy for optimizing hH materials for near-room-temperature thermoelectric applications.
Drug screening at single-organoid resolution via bioprinting and interferometry
Authors: Tebon Peyton J. , Wang Bowen , Markowitz Alexander L. , Davarifar Ardalan , Tsai Brandon L. , Krawczuk Patrycja , Gonzalez Alfredo E. , Sartini Sara , Murray Graeme F. , Nguyen Huyen Thi Lam , Tavanaie Nasrin , Nguyen Thang L. , Boutros Paul C. , Teitell Michael A. , Soragni Alice
Published: June 2023

High throughput drug screening is an established approach to investigate tumor biology and identify therapeutic leads. Traditional platforms use two-dimensional cultures which do not accurately reflect the biology of human tumors. More clinically relevant model systems such as three-dimensional tumor organoids can be difficult to scale and screen. Manually seeded organoids coupled to destructive endpoint assays allow for the characterization of treatment response, but do not capture transitory changes and intra-sample heterogeneity underlying clinically observed resistance to therapy. We present a pipeline to generate bioprinted tumor organoids linked to label-free, time-resolved imaging via high-speed live cell interferometry (HSLCI) and machine learning-based quantitation of individual organoids. Bioprinting cells gives rise to 3D structures with unaltered tumor histology and gene expression profiles. HSLCI imaging in tandem with machine learning-based segmentation and classification tools enables accurate, label-free parallel mass measurements for thousands of organoids. We demonstrate that this strategy identifies organoids transiently or persistently sensitive or resistant to specific therapies, information that could be used to guide rapid therapy selection.
Structural insights into ligand recognition and activation of the medium-chain fatty acid-sensing receptor GPR84
Authors: Liu Heng , Zhang Qing , He Xinheng , Jiang Mengting , Wang Siwei , Yan Xiaoci , Cheng Xi , Liu Yang , Nan Fa-Jun , Xu H. Eric , Xie Xin , Yin Wanchao
Published: June 2023

GPR84 is an orphan class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is predominantly expressed in immune cells and plays important roles in inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolism. Here, we present cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Gαi protein-coupled human GPR84 bound to a synthetic lipid-mimetic ligand, LY237, or a putative endogenous ligand, a medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) 3-hydroxy lauric acid (3-OH-C12). Analysis of these two ligand-bound structures reveals a unique hydrophobic nonane tail -contacting patch, which forms a blocking wall to select MCFA-like agonists with the correct length. We also identify the structural features in GPR84 that coordinate the polar ends of LY237 and 3-OH-C12, including the interactions with the positively charged side chain of R172 and the downward movement of the extracellular loop 2 (ECL2). Together with molecular dynamics simulations and functional data, our structures reveal that ECL2 not only contributes to direct ligand binding, but also plays a pivotal role in ligand entry from the extracellular milieu. These insights into the structure and function of GPR84 could improve our understanding of ligand recognition, receptor activation, and Gαi-coupling of GPR84. Our structures could also facilitate rational drug discovery against inflammation and metabolic disorders targeting GPR84.
Growth hormone releasing hormone signaling promotes Th17 cell differentiation and autoimmune inflammation
Authors: Du Lin , Ho Bo Man , Zhou Linbin , Yip Yolanda Wong Ying , He Jing Na , Wei Yingying , Tham Clement C. , Chan Sun On , Schally Andrew V. , Pang Chi Pui , Li Jian , Chu Wai Kit
Published: June 2023

Dysregulation of Th17 cell differentiation and pathogenicity contributes to multiple autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Previously growth hormone releasing hormone receptor (GHRH-R) deficient mice have been reported to be less susceptible to the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Here, we show GHRH-R is an important regulator of Th17 cell differentiation in Th17 cell-mediated ocular and neural inflammation. We find that GHRH-R is not expressed in naïve CD4+ T cells, while its expression is induced throughout Th17 cell differentiation in vitro. Mechanistically, GHRH-R activates the JAK-STAT3 pathway, increases the phosphorylation of STAT3, enhances both non-pathogenic and pathogenic Th17 cell differentiation and promotes the gene expression signatures of pathogenic Th17 cells. Enhancing this signaling by GHRH agonist promotes, while inhibiting this signaling by GHRH antagonist or GHRH-R deficiency reduces, Th17 cell differentiation in vitro and Th17 cell-mediated ocular and neural inflammation in vivo. Thus, GHRH-R signaling functions as a critical factor that regulates Th17 cell differentiation and Th17 cell-mediated autoimmune ocular and neural inflammation.
Development and validation of a simple-to-use nomogram for self-screening the risk of dyslipidemia
Authors: Lan Jinyan , Zhou Xueqing , Huang Qian , Zhao Li , Li Penghua , Xi Maomao , Luo Meng , Wu Qiong , Tang Lixu
Published: June 2023

This study aimed to help healthy adults achieve self-screening by analyzing the quantitative relationship between body composition index measurements (BMI, waist-to-hip ratio, etc.) and dyslipidemia and establishing a logical risk prediction model for dyslipidemia. We performed a cross-sectional study and collected relevant data from 1115 adults between November 2019 and August 2020. The least absolute shrinkage selection operator (LASSO) regression analysis was performed to select the best predictor variables, and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to construct the prediction model. In this study, a graphic tool including 10 predictor variables (a "nomogram," see the precise definition in the text) was constructed to predict the risk of dyslipidemia in healthy adults. A calibration diagram, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, and decision curve analysis (DCA) were used to verify the model’s utility. Our proposed dyslipidemia nomogram showed good discriminative ability with a C-index of 0.737 (95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.773). In the internal validation, a high C-index value of 0.718 was achieved. DCA showed a dyslipidemia threshold probability of 2–45%, proving the value of the nomogram for clinical application for dyslipidemia. This nomogram may be useful for self-screening the risk of dyslipidemia in healthy adults.
Surface barriers to mass transfer in nanoporous materials for catalysis and separations
Authors: Xu Shuman , Zheng Ke , Boruntea Cristian-Renato , Cheng Dang-guo , Chen Fengqiu , Ye Guanghua , Zhou Xinggui , Coppens Marc-Olivier
Published: June 2023

Nanoporous materials interfaces are the new frontier: understanding and controlling surface barriers to diffusion is key in catalysis and separations.
Structural and chemical approaches to enhance the photo/electrocatalytic performance of carbon/g-C3N4 composite materials
Authors: Du Qiuyue , Zhang Haidong , Jiang Zhiquan , Xiong Kun , Yang Qi , Yang Na , Song Yuting , Chen Jia
Published: June 2023

As a kind of metal-free material, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is widely used in catalytic materials, energy storage materials and other fields.
Base-mediated cascade synthesis of indole diolefins: a route to spiro[cyclopentene-indole]thiones and thiepino[2,3-b]indoles
Authors: Muthusamy Sengodagounder , Naveen Ramasamy , Kumar Muniyappankovilthottam Devaraj Senthil
Published: June 2023

Cascade reactions of 3-hydroxymethyl-3-propenylindole-2-thiones afforded diolefins and involved deformylation, thioenolate alkylation, and the thio-Claisen rearrangement. The subsequent ring-closing metathesis reactions were demonstrated.
A cobalt metalized polymer modulates the electronic structure of Pt nanoparticles to accelerate water dissociation kinetics
Authors: Hu Xiaomei , Tao Weixue , Shi Wenjie , Zhong Dichang , Lu Tong-Bu
Published: June 2023

Pt-NPs@NPCNs–Co, a bimetallic catalyst, demonstrates superior hydrogen evolution reaction performance in alkaline solutions, attributed to the Co-modulated electronic structure of Pt NPs.
Ionic liquid enables high-performance, self-powered CsPbBr3 perovskite nanonet photodetector
Authors: Zhou Hai , Wang Rui , Zhang Xuhui , Xiao Bo’ao , Shuang Zihao , Wu Dingjun , Qin Pingli
Published: June 2023

By passivating the nanonet with ionic liquid, the optimal PD exhibits the best performance with a switch ratio of about 1.35 × 106, a LDR extending to 140 dB, and responsivity and detectivity values of 0.19 A W−1 and 4.31 × 1012 Jones, respectively.
Exfoliation of MoS2 by zero-valent transition metal intercalation
Authors: Zhao Duanduan , Xu Song , Wang Hengan , Shen Yonglong , Xu Qun
Published: June 2023

Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) exfoliation through zero valent transition metal complex intercalation produces 2H- and 1T-MoS2 nanosheets.
Dielectric and optical properties of a new organic–inorganic hybrid phase transition material
Authors: Zhang Yinan , Cai Zhuoer , Zhang Xinyi , Xiao Shiyue , Liu Xianmin , Zhao Yingyi , Hua Xiu-Ni , Sun Baiwang
Published: June 2023

Dielectric and optical properties of an organic–inorganic hybrid phase transition material.
Affinity of K+to organic matter promotes reactions: degradation of super stable phenolic epoxy vinyl ester resin to value-added chemicals
Authors: Wang Weijie , Zhang Ning , Wang Chizhou , Li Hongyan , Jia Shiyu , Qi Yongqin , Fan Houhai , Cui Xiaojing , Hou Xianglin , Deng Tiansheng
Published: June 2023

An efficient catalytic system was developed to cleave the ester bond of highly stable waste thermoset phenolic epoxy vinyl ester resin and recover value-added chemicals.
Near-infrared AIEgens with high singlet-oxygen yields for mitochondria-specific imaging and antitumor photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhang Shasha , Yang Wenfang , Lu Xiao , Zhang Xinyi , Pan Zhichao , Qu Da-Hui , Mei Dong , Mei Ju , Tian He
Published: June 2023

Precisely engineering the electron donor in a twisted D–π–A system achieves mitochondria-targeting and AIE-active NIR photosensitizers with the 1O2 quantum yield up to 6.8 times that of Rose Bengal. NIR image-guided PDT has thus been realized.
Molecular in situ monitoring of the pH-triggered response in adaptive polymers by two-dimensional Raman micro-correlation-spectroscopy
Authors: Hniopek Julian , Meurer Josefine , Zechel Stefan , Schmitt Michael , Hager Martin D. , Popp Jürgen
Published: June 2023

Raman two-dimensional correlation microspectroscopy enables in situ monitoring of the stimuli-response in an adaptive polymer with spatiotemporal resolution and molecular specificity.
Activation of the cGAS-STING pathway by a mitochondrial DNA-targeted emissive rhodium(iii) metallointercalator
Authors: Zheng Yue , Chen Xiao-Xiao , Zhang Dong-Yang , Wang Wen-Jin , Peng Kun , Li Zhi-Yuan , Mao Zong-Wan , Tan Cai-Ping
Published: June 2023

A highly emissive mtDNA intercalator Rh-Mito induces damaged mtDNA release to activate the cGAS-STING pathway and triggers mitochondrial retrograde by perturbing metabolites involved in DNA methylation, further evoking an antitumor immune response.
Beneficial effect of Pd and MWCNT co-loading in SnO2 nanoparticles towards the low temperature detection of n-butane gas: synergistic effect on sensing performance
Authors: Rana P. , Narjinary M. , Sen A. , Pal M.
Published: June 2023

A synergistic effect on butane gas sensing and lowering of operating temperature was observed for the first time in novel SnO2–MWCNT–Pd nanocomposites, which may be attributed to a combinatorial effect of widening of depletion region and spill-over due to Pd incorporation.
Narrow Band Imaging in Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing—How Does It Work?
Authors: Niessen Almut , Nienstedt Julie Cläre , Flügel Till , Koseki Jana-Christiane , Müller Frank , Zang Jana , Pflug Christina
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

The purposes of this study were to compare the visibility of various color groups in different dilutions using narrow band imaging (NBI
)
and white light (WL) and to determine an optimal color combination using NBI and WL for multicolor flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES), for example, to test different consistencies.

Method:

Preliminary examinations were performed in the oral cavity of two healthy volunteers. Various dyes were tested using NBI and WL to evaluate their visibilities. In the case of a clearly discernible color change, the visibility differences in the dilution series under WL and NBI were recorded and compared. Subsequently, an abbreviated dilution series with NBI and WL was performed in a volunteer as part of a swallow endoscopy to determine whether the results from the oral cavity could be transferred to the hypopharynx.

Results:

The enhancement of visibility using NBI compared with WL can be proven. When NBI was used, yellow and red food dyes and their mixtures showed distinct color changes. The reacting dyes were still visible under NBI, even at a 10-time
s
-higher dilution, requiring a lower dye concentration for FEES. For increased visibility, the dyes used for FEES with NBI must contain colors from a small range in the yellow and red spectra, which are close to the filter maxima of NBI. Both colors are well visible under WL when combining red and green (secondary color of yellow).

Conclusions:

Certain food colorings are visible 10 times more diluted under NBI than under WL. In a multicolored approach, optimal visibility under NBI and WL can be achieved by combining green and red. This new high-sensitivity FEES should be highlighted to allow an instant distinction from WL-FEES; we suggest “FEES+.”

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23280290
Structure Of Alfalfa Harvest Depending On Pre-Sowing Treatment Of Seeds With Grivlag (GVG) Growth-Regulating Substance
Authors: Skamarokhova Aleksandra , Yurin Denis , Svistunov Andrey
Published: June 2023

This study reflects the change in the dynamics of the yield structure of alfalfa hybrid of the Bazhena variety (Medicago varia Martin) of the first year of life when seeds are treated with the Grivlag organic growth-regulating substance. According to the studies, the most leafy were alfalfa plants, the seeds and shoots of which were treated with the growth substance (22.92 g), which is on average 5.02% more for three cuttings than the weight of leaves in the control (21.65 g). However, the weight of stems in the experimental variant (35.5 g) also increased by 14.12% in comparison with the control (31.15 g). In the sum of three cuttings, the average total weight of experimental plants exceeded the weight of control plants by 12.0% (p<0.05). Since the mowing fell on the phase of the beginning of alfalfa flowering, a comparison was made of the weight of inflorescences. The weight of inflorescences in the experiment was 5.02 g, which is 22.90% more than the weight of inflorescences in the control (3.87 g) (p<0.05). The results obtained indicate a positive effect on the overall growth of the aerial part of those plants that were treated with the Grivlag growth substance.
Biochemical composition of apple fruits when treated with growth-stimulating agrochemicals
Authors: Ayba Lyosik , Kunina Viktoriya , Platonova Nataliija , Pantiya Georgiy , Sabekiya Dima , Belous Oksana
Published: June 2023

The objects of research were the fruits of apple trees of the Golden Reinders variety (rootstock M 9) grown on the basis of experimental plantings Agricultural institute, Science Academy of Abkhazia. Complex organic fertilizers have been selected as agrochemicals Antistress Chelate and Chelate Filling. The research is aimed at finding new, highly efficient and environmentally friendly agrochemicals, and also determines the development of technology for their application. It was found that the Golden Reinders variety in the humid subtropical zone accumulates from 10.6% (under control) to 11.6% (with non-root treatments) of sugars. Treatments with agrochemicals affected the main quantitative patterns in the content of mono- and disaccharides in apple fruits. The amount of fructose ranges from 6.63 g/100 g at the control to 7.52 g/100 g during treatments; glucose accumulates on average only 1.1-1.2 g/100 g, depending on the variant. Sucrose in fruits is 2.4-2.6 times more than glucose, which characterizes the ripening processes in fruits. Agrochemicals treatments have an ambiguous effect on the accumulation of organic acids. So, if there is a significant increase in malic, citric and tartaric acid during processing, then the content of lactic, succinic, oxalic and acetic acid drops. The sugar-acid index averages 13.6 units, there is a slightly acidic taste.
Exploring of the potential of secondary metabolites in the vegetative parts of berry plants during fermentation
Authors: Martynenko Konstantin , Balanov Petr , Smotraeva Irina , Ivanchenko Olga
Published: June 2023

This study examines the changes in the chemical composition of the vegetative parts of plants belonging to the Rosaceae and Grossulariaceae families. The subject of the analysis were stems, leaves, and buds of raspberries, currants, and blackberries. Fermentation can increase the content of certain polyphenols in raspberries and blackberries, precisely because of ellagic acid, but the content of total polyphenols in currant leaves decreases. The total flavonoid content increased during fermentation due to the breakdown of cell walls, resulting in improved aroma, taste, and beneficial properties. Plants contain a variety of flavonoids, including catechins and condensed tannins formed through the condensation of phenolic compounds. The formation of condensed tannins occurs both in the plant itself during biosynthesis and during fermentation. Phenolic acids, flavonoids, and tannins found in plants can be serve as natural preservatives and antioxidants in the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. The antioxidant activity of polyphenols helps protect cells from damage by free radicals and prevents the development of oxidative stress, which can lead to various diseases.
Proactive monitoring and analysis of technological processes of growing crops in automated greenhouses
Authors: Levonevskiy Dmitriy , Zhukova Nataly , Kovalevsky Vladislav
Published: June 2023

Agricultural automation can reduce time and cost of crop production and minimize human factor that can lead to crop damage. This paper focuses on automating crop growth in compact greenhouses that automate several technological processes including periodic irrigation with a nutrient solution and a biofilter to ensure cyclic cultivation, measuring temperature, humidity, etc. Machine learning methods help estimate and predict operation parameters. During the experiment, the optimal methods and parameters were determined, and the best prediction accuracy could be achieved using the random forest method. Use of this approach enables proactive control of technological processes, ensures compliance with growing regulations and results in resources economy. Future research will develop a formal method for proactive process control.
Biosurfactants produced by the novel strain Bacillus subtilis H1 as an efficient tool to biocontrol fungal diseases of tomato and wheat
Authors: Galieva Gulnaz , Pavlova Julia , Kuryntseva Polina , Galitskaya Polina
Published: June 2023

Plant fungal diseases cause up to 15-20% and, in extreme cases, up to 60% yield loss globally. The use of chemical pesticides for the suppression of fungal plant diseases has many negative consequences for the environment. Therefore, new alternatives to suppress fungal pathogens are actively sought. In this present study, biosurfactants produced by the novel strain of Bacillus subtilis H1 were monitored for their ability to inhibit the growth of phytopathogens Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and Alternaria spp in in vitro and in vivo experiments. In the in vitro experiment, the treatment of tomato leaves with a biosurfactant fully inhibited the growth of F. oxysporum, and reduced the growth of Alternaria spp mycelium by 11.5 times at a concentration of 1000 mg/l. In the in vivo experiment, the use of a biosurfactant reduced the degree of damage to tomato and wheat plants, but less than in the in vitro experiment. In the case of tomato leaves infected with F. oxysporum and Alternaria spp and treated with 1000 mg/l biosurfactants, a decrease of 2.6 and 2.1 times was determined relative to infected but intreated leaves. For wheat leaves, the decrease was by 1.6 and 2.0 times, respectively. It can be concluded that biosurfactants produced by B. subtilis H1 are promising to be used for fungal pathogens biocontrol.
Characterization of biosurfactants produced by the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens ВКМА В-12464
Authors: Osmorskaya Zlata , Ezhkin Nikita , Gordeev Alexander , Biktasheva Liliya , Selivanovskaya Svetlana
Published: June 2023

Biosurfactants are amphiphilic substances with a wide range of uses. Biosurfactants are being researched in various areas of biotechnology. They are especially widely used in the development of new environmentally friendly methods for increasing oil production, as well as in agriculture as an effective biocontrol agent. However, the possibility of finding strains producing biosurfactants and the efficiency of their production is a separate task for research. The aim of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of biosurfactant production by the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens VKMA B-12464 strain, as well as to evaluate its chemical nature. During the research, the resulting biosurfactant was characterized by TLC and IR spectroscopy. It has been established that the biosurfactant produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens belongs to lipopeptides, and its highest yield is observed on the 7th day of cultivation.
A new product from Helix pomatia and the method of its production
Authors: Golembovskii V.V. , Pashkova L.A. , Surov A.I. , Talalaev S.A.
Published: June 2023

The article considers and studies the need to find and develop new sources of protein, as well as biologically active substances, methods of their production and processing, used both for obtaining livestock products and in other areas of human economic activity. One of the most promising areas is snail farming, represented by edible species of land snails. This article covers the development of a method for obtaining a new type of raw material from Helix pomatia (grapevine snail) and the study of its qualitative characteristics. All studies were conducted according to standard, generally accepted and developed practice. As a result of the research work, a method for obtaining the grapevine snail lyophilizate was developed, tested, proposed and implemented, which contributes to an increased content of biologically active substances, better nutritional value and high quality of the obtained products with a long shelf life. The study of the quality indicators of the products obtained by the developed method took place in compared with well–known and long-established techniques: the use of a dehydrator at a temperature of +35°C and a drying cabinet at +105°C. The analysis of the chemical and amino acid composition of the compared products from the grapevine snail showed superiority in crude protein content within 2.1–2.9 % absolute, therefore, essential amino acids in Helix pomatialyophilizate. Thus, the effectiveness of the established method for obtaining the grapevine snail lyophilizate with the prospect of using it in various industries and areas of production activity has been proven.
Actual problems of mechanization of agriculture in the Smolensk region and directions for their solution in modern conditions
Authors: Zyuskin A.A. , Sazonova E.A. , Ermachkov A.M. , Vernigor A.V. , Minina A.N.
Published: June 2023

Due to a number of objective and subjective reasons, the technical potential of agriculture in the Smolensk region has significantly decreased. The problems affecting the development of this market have become especially acute against the backdrop of ongoing changes in the geopolitics of Russia and the world. The article presents an overview of the current problems of agricultural mechanization in the Smolensk region. In addition, possible directions of resource saving in modern conditions are considered in order to prevent further aggravation of the situation in the agricultural sector of the Smolensk region.
The severity of platelet activity in young cattle of the Kholmogory breed at the end of early ontogenesis
Authors: Vorobyeva Nadezhda
Published: June 2023

Of great scientific interest is the assessment of the functionality of platelets in dairy calves at the end of early ontogenesis. 44 healthy calves of the Kholmogory breed were observed, obtained from completely healthy cows after their 2nd-3rd pregnancy. During the observation period, the young animals developed an acceleration of the process of platelet aggregation in vitro. This was accompanied in calves by an increase in the number of activated platelets in the blood and the number of their aggregates of different sizes. An increase in the functionality of platelets occurred in calves during the phase of plant nutrition due to an increase in the amount of all adenosine phosphates, an increase in the synthesis of thromboxane in them, an increase in the content of actin and myosin in them, and an intensification of their self-assembly in the case of the participation of platelets in hemostasis. The increase in hemostatic capabilities noted in calves of the Kholmogory breed is of great importance for the success of their growth and development processes during the phase of plant nutrition.
Potential use of flaxseed mucilage in dairy product technology
Authors: Sungatullina A. , Petrova T. , Nikitina E.
Published: June 2023

The use of flaxseed mucilage as a natural stabilizer in fermented milk was studied by varying the species of lactic acid bacteria used. It was found that flaxseed mucilage was effective in improving texture characteristics, reducing hardness and increasing elasticity. The increase in acid-forming activity of lactic-acid bacteria in the presence of flaxseed mucilage is possibly due to increased levels of starter microorganisms. Flaxseed mucilage in the dairy product did not significantly affect the total amount of proteins, however, there was a tendency to a slight decrease in the amount of proteins in variants FM with strains L.fermentum AG8 and L.plantarum AG9. Flaxseed mucilage has good potential for use as an effective stabilizer in dairy beverages.
Exploring the potential of black rice for malt production
Authors: Omelchuk Alexey , Balanov Petr , Smotraeva Irina
Published: June 2023

The aim of the study was to determine the biochemical indicators of several varieties of dark rice before and after malting. To determine and compare the degree of germination of different rice varieties under given laboratory conditions. Four varieties of rice were taken for the study: black rice “Southern Night”, red rice “Ruby”, red rice “Jasmine” and brown rice. Rice grains were used for analysis with subsequent comparison. In the process of malting, a malting system was used, which automatically maintained a temperature of 15-18°C for 8 days. Further, laboratory analyzes such as total protein content, total nitrogen content, moisture, extractability and phenolic compound content were conducted on the obtained raw material. To compare laboratory indicators, analyzes were conducted on raw materials before and after malting. According to laboratory analysis, the best indicators were obtained for black rice “Southern Night”. The probability of germination and extractability indicators are significantly better than other varieties. In addition to the above, black rice has high antioxidant and phenol indicators. In terms of total phenol indicators, black rice is more than 7 times ahead of red rice. The collected data indicate a great potential for the use of “Southern Night” black rice variety in the food industry.
Evaluation of the potential of rapeseed as green manure under conditions of elevated temperatures
Authors: Munavarov Dilshod , Valeeva Aigul , Kuryntseva Polina
Published: June 2023

Climate change affects all areas of human life, including agriculture. In agriculture, techniques have been developed and can be widely implemented to capture CO2 from the atmosphere and reduce the carbon footprint of products, and, accordingly, the negative effects of climate change. One such approach is the use of green manure. In this paper, we assessed the CO2 capture potential of rapeseed plants grown at different temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C) based on data on root growth, shoot growth, biomass increase, chlorophyll content and photosynthetic activity, in addition, the impact of rapeseed cultivation and increased temperatures on CO2 emissions from the soil based on respiratory activity data. Elevated temperature (30°C) led to an increase in the length of rapeseed roots by 1.2–1.4 times, a decrease in shoot growth and biomass by 1.3–2.2 times, an intensification of photorespiration, and an increase in CO2 emission from the soil by 1.5–2.5 times.
Supplying long-term workability of the old elements of the hydraulic facilities by using of cold compositions
Authors: Petrov A.A. , Kabilov Kh.I. , Sabirov M.R. , Jurayev B.B.
Published: June 2023

The aim of the research is to improve the composition of the cold composition BNR (bitumen-nairite rubber) by improving the technical properties, the technology of anti-filtration and anti-corrosion materials using at repair of the hydraulic structures, as well as the development of a method for predicting the state of reliability of hydraulic structures with anti-corrosion and sealing protective coating.
Air heater efficiency of solar drying plant for agricultural products
Authors: Adurakhmanov K.P. , Takhirov U.X.
Published: June 2023

This article presents the results of experimental studies of the main thermal characteristics of a solar collector, a heated air duct of an indirect type solar drying plant for agricultural products. The results of temperature measurement at the lower, middle and upper parts of the solar collector, at the entrance and output of the air heater at different solar radiation intensities during the day in different periods of the month in the city of Tashkent are given. The results of the calculation of the volume air flow through the air heater, the specific heat capacity of the solar collector on the basis of the profiled aluminum sheet, the specific heat capacity of the air heater and the heat flow of the air heater at different cold air inlet speeds and the intensity of solar radiation during the day, as well as the efficiency of the air heater. It is shown that the installation of the duct on the upper part of the solar collector with high heat capacity ensures natural convection and the achievement of high temperature of the heated air.
Quality of winter soft wheat grain under the influence of repeated and intermediate sowing in cotton-grain rotation
Authors: Bakhramova N.N. , Mamadiyorov F.D. , Аminova D.H. , Azimova M.E. , Kakhorova N.P.
Published: June 2023

Research work was carried out in 2017-2020 in a system of cotton-grain crop rotation on light gray soils of the Kashkadarya region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. This article describes the results of the positive effect of root and crop residues of mash and corn sown as repeat crops, as well as the sowing of intermediate crops of perco, rye as a green fertilizer in the soil on the quality of soft wheat grain in the crop rotation system.Grain quality improved due to the impact of a re-crop of mung bean sown after winter wheat and an intercrop of perco in a cotton-grain rotation system. Qualitative indicators of grain from year to year decreased as a result of the chronic sowing of wheat.
The importance of the territorial factor for strategizing the agricultural sector
Authors: Samygin Denis , Vinnichek Lyubov , Magomedmirzoyeva Dzhamilya , Shapovalov Anton
Published: June 2023

The problem of the influence of the territorial factor on the development of the agro-food sector is considered. The goal is to determine the directions of territorial planning of the agro-food sector for the rational use of the competitive advantages of the regions. Information resources - a spatial database on the cadastral value of 1 hectare of agricultural land in the context of the regions of the Russian Federation (2017-2019). The method of statistical groupings is applied. Five groups of regions of equal aggregate were formed (the first 20% of the regions with the lowest, the last - 20% of the regions with the highest cadastral value). New knowledge about the influence of natural and economic conditions on the formation of physical and economic accessibility of products has been obtained. In the transition from the first group of regions to the fifth, there are significant differences in the results achieved in terms of production and consumption of products per capita. It is advisable to strengthen the specialization of regions in those types of products that are characterized by pronounced strategic advantages in the formation of the physical and economic accessibility of products.
Stability of feeding cylinder shell under torsion in pneumo-mechanical spinning machines
Authors: Mirzaev O.A. , Uzakov Z.Z. , Uzakov Z.U. , Kilicheva D.I. , Shomuratov B.X.
Published: June 2023

The essence of the pneumo-mechanical spinning method lies in the transformation of the tape into a discrete stream of fibers, in the formation of a wedge-shaped ribbon from this stream in the form of an open end in the groove of the spinning chamber and in the formation of yarn from the ribbon by torsion, which is removed from the chamber and wound into a bobbin. Yarn obtained on a rotor spinning machine differs in structure from yarn from ring spinning machines, it has a lower breaking load and is produced with a higher filling twist.
Algorithms for improving the process of modeling complex systems based on big data: On the example of regional agricultural production
Authors: Juraev F.D. , Mallaev A.R. , Aralov G.M. , Ibragimov B.Sh. , Ibragimov I.
Published: June 2023

The article analyzes the sources of the development of specific mechanisms, assessing the future problems of regional agro-industry development. Agro-industry as a production facility forms a complex system. In this case, as the main elements, it is suggested that the criterion of non-loss of characteristics as a result of processing information about these elements is primary. It is justified that the information system of the Big Data type, the models that describe the laws, the mechanism that enables the improvement of the models, and the algorithms that activate the mechanism are of particular importance as these sources. Researchers estimate that the mechanism that allows for the improvement of system research models is artificial intelligence, and the main problem here is the obstacles in the development of algorithms that determine the trajectory of its activity. These obstacles are explained by the complexity of the system, the lack of sufficient information to assess the importance levels of its elements, low accuracy, and the fact that the level of importance is presented differently in different sources. Taking into account that agro-industry is a complex enough system, the need to research the laws of this network requires a big data type information system, and algorithms for using artificial intelligence-based mechanisms are proposed.
Runoff of Ural River in natural and anthropogenically modified conditions
Authors: Nesterenko Yuri , Nesterenko Maxim , Solomatin Nikolai , Meshcherin Vasily
Published: June 2023

The water resources of the Southern Urals are considered. The influence of the level of provision with water resources on the formation of bioresources, society and economy has been revealed. The necessity of increasing the construction of reservoirs in its basin is substantiated. The results of the study are aimed at improving the efficiency of the use of water resources by nature, in society and the economy in the Ural River basin.
Approaches to the study of vegetation dynamics in arid Eurasia biomes: A review
Authors: Lednev Sergey
Published: June 2023

The article represents the review of methods and classifications that were used in studies of arid Eurasia biomes over time. All levels of vegetation dynamics (seasonal, yearly, long-term, evolutionary) considered with the peculiarities that are characteristic for the vegetation of the study region. In spite of the long history of scientific researches in Eurasia deserts, vegetation of Central Asia needs more researches based on modern methods of data collecting and data processing.