bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pola Kuman dan Pemberian Antibiotika Profilaksis pada Pasien Infeksi Luka Operasi di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang Periode 2019-2020
Authors: Marhamah Rasnaita , Rahmatini Rahmatini , Sahputra Roni Eka
Published: February 2023

Latar Belakang: Infeksi luka operasi (ILO) merupakan salah satu infeksi nosokomial yang paling sering terjadi. Pola kuman penyebab infeksi luka operasi dapat berbeda di tiap rumah sakit. Untuk mencegah ILO dapat digunakan antibiotik profilaksis.
Objektif: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pola kuman dan pemberian antibiotika profilaksis pada pasien infeksi luka operasi di RSUP Dr.M. Djamil Padang periode 2019-2020.
Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif retrospektif dengan teknik total sampling dan menggunakan data sekunder berupa data laboratorium hasil kultur mikrobiologi dan rekam medis. Analisis hasil penelitian dilakukan secara univariat.
Hasil: Kelompok usia terbanyak pada ILO adalah >45-65 tahun (38,5%). Mayoritas pasien ILO berjenis kelamin perempuan (64,1%). Pola kuman pada infeksi luka operasi adalah E. coli (23,1%), P. aeruginosa (17,9%), K. pneumoniae (15,4%), A. baumanii (12,8%), dan S. aureus (12,8%). Sebagian besar kuman Gram negatif sensitif terhadap amikasin dan meropenem, kuman Gram positif sensitif terhadap linezolid, nitrofurantoin, quinupristin-dalfopristin, dan tigeskilin.Antibiotik profilaksis paling banyak diresepkan pada pasien ILO adalah seftriakson  (76,9%).
Kesimpulan: Kuman penyebab ILO terbanyak adalah E. coli. Antibiotik profilaksis bedah yang paling  banyak diresepkan adalah seftriakson.
Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata Linn.) terhadap Viabilitas HeLa Cell Line
Authors: Zulen Ilham Andhika , Arisanty Dessy , Rahmatini Rahmatini
Published: February 2023

Latar Belakang: Angka kematian kanker serviks di Indonesia sangat tinggi. Kebanyakan pasien datang pada stadium lanjut karena pada tahap awal tidak menimbulkan gejala yang berarti. Kandungan pada daun sirsak berpotensi menghambat viabilitas sel kanker.
Objektif: Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan mengetahui apakah ekstrak daun sirsak mampu menghambat 50% viabilitas HeLa cell line.
Metode: Penelitian eksperimental in vitro ini menggunakan HeLa cell line yang diinkubasi selama 24 jam yang telah diberikan perlakuan ekstrak daun sirsak sesuai dengan kelompok konsentrasi yang telah ditentukan. Uji aktivitas sitotoksik ekstrak daun sirsak dengan etanol 95% sebagai pelarut dilakukan dengan metode MTT (microtetrazolium). Pembacaan hasil dilakukan dengan menggunakan xMark microplate reader. Persentase viabilitas dapat dihubungkan dengan log konsentrasi dengan menggunakan rumus regresi.
Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan makin tinggi konsentrasi makin rendah viabilitas sel. Konsentrasi penghambatan 50% viabilitas HeLa cell line dengan masa inkubasi selama 24 jam adalah 112,2 μg/ml.
Kesimpulan: Perbedaan konsentrasi ekstrak daun sirsak dapat berpengaruh terhadap viabilitas sel kanker serviks HeLa dengan menghasilkan persentase viabilitas yang berbeda. Nilai penghambatan 50% viabilitas sel HeLa menunjukkan potensi ekstrak daun srisak sebagai antikanker.
PREVALÊNCIA DE COMORBIDADES EM INDIVÍDUOS INFECTADOS POR COVID-19 EM UM MUNICÍPIO DE PORTE MÉDIO
Authors: Grillo Luciane Peter , Kuczera Ana Clara Veiga , Cunha Mylena Phillipps , Daga Danielle , Daghetti Kelly Cristina , Fraccanabbia Daniele , Basso Simone , Walczewski Luis Gustavo Barzotto , Meneghetti Bruna Dupont , Horst Herbert Nagel , Brueckheimer Mônica Ester Krehnke , Campana Alana Carla , Dos Santos Mariana Lima
Published: February 2023

Os primeiros relatos de infecção pelo vírus SARS-CoV-2 ocorreram no final do ano de 2019. A infecção e o desenvolvimento da doença COVID-19 estão diretamente relacionados com as características particulares do indivíduo, como sexo, idade e comorbidades. Ademais, indivíduos que possuíam algum tipo de doença crônica, expressaram uma maior taxa de complicações decorrente da infecção. O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a prevalência de comorbidades em indivíduos infectados por COVID- 19 no município de Jaraguá do Sul, Santa Catarina no período de março de 2020 a dezembro de 2021.  A pesquisa apresentou um delineamento transversal, descritivo, analítico e de abordagem quantitativa, realizada por meio de dados secundários utilizando o sistema de informação  Olostech da Secretaria de Saúde do Município. Os resultados mostraram que 40.010 sujeitos foram infectados no período do estudo, destes 39.574 (98,9%) foram recuperados e  436 foram a óbito (1,1%). Observou-se no grupo recuperados a predominância do sexo feminino (52,3%) e no de óbitos o sexo masculino (59,2%). A faixa etária predominante no grupo de recuperados foi a de 20-59 anos (n=31.636; 79,9%) e no grupo de óbitos foi maior ou igual a 60 anos (n=269; 61,7%). No ano de 2021 ocorreram mais casos de recuperados (n=26.040; 65,1%) e óbitos (n=342; 78,4%) quando comparados ao ano de 2020. A média de idade no grupo de recuperados foi 37,5 ± 15,8 anos e no grupo de óbitos foi 63,2 ± 15,7 anos. Os dados mostraram o perfil dos inidvíduos infectados e a prevalência das principais doenças crônicas: hipertensão, diabetes e obesidade. Sugerem-se ações e estratégias voltadas a minimizar estas comorbidades, objetivando a melhor qualidade de vida dos indivíduos deste município.
A importância da atuação do profissional de enfermagem no Centro Cirúrgico
Authors: Santos Gilvan Ferreira dos , Silva Brenda Micaela Santos , Pinheiro Bruna Maciele , Costa Daiane Gonçalves da , Almeida Eliana Aires , Ramos Francisco Alexandre Sena , Souza Jaberson de Melo , Saraiva Lucas Iago Marques
Published: February 2023

Objetivo: Elucidar qual a importância da atuação do profissional de enfermagem em um centro cirúrgico. Métodos: Empregou-se a revisão integrativa, coletando elementos nas bases de dados da nas bases de dados da: Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Acervo+ Index Base e o mecanismo de busca do Google Acadêmico, sendo incluídos apenas artigos científicos publicados entre 2017 a 2021, no idioma português e que abordassem aspectos relativos à temática do estudo. Resultados: Foram encontrados 62 artigos nas bases de dados citadas, e depois foram aplicados os critérios de exclusão, sendo selecionados 13 artigos para dar subsídio a esta revisão de literatura. Considerações Finais: Em meio a esse contexto o profissional de enfermagem apresenta muita importância na equipe multidisciplinar de um centro cirúrgico, visto que realiza atividades sistematizadas que são fundamentais para que os procedimentos sejam realizados em condições corretas, garantindo cuidado humanizado, integral e seguro, levando ao sucesso da sua assistência.
Eco-friendly Synthesis of Hydrogel Nano-composites for Removal of Pollutants as a Model Rose Bengal Dye
Authors: Radia Nadher D. , Aljeboree Aseel M. , Mahdi Ahmed B. , Alkai Ayad F.
Published: February 2023

In this study, hydrogel Nano-composite was prepared by free radical polymerization in the presence of sodium alginate (SA) and TiO2 nanoparticles (TiO2 NPS) as a surface catalyst. Potassium per sulfate (KPS) was used as a reaction initiator. Crosslinking agent methylene bis-acrylamide, the structure and morphology its hydrogel Nano-composites were studied using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Several factors that affected the adsorption process were studied, including effect of pH, effect of salt concentration and temperature. Also studied was the swelling behavior in two acidic mediums (pH=7, pH=1.2), the best surface swelling medium was at (pH=7). The adsorption isotherms were studied, and the result obeyed as favorable by Fruendlich isotherm depended on the value of (R2= 0.9404).
Synthesis, Characterization of New Isatin-Ibuprofen Derivatives with Expected Biological Activity
Authors: H. Hussein Ahmed , H. Hussein Ahmed , H. Hussein Ahmed
Published: February 2023

Ibuprofen is one of the most important members of NSAIDs, named aryl propionic acid derivative. Isatin (1H-indole-2,3-dione) is an important molecule of heterocyclic compounds that have many biological activities. This work illustrates the synthesis of new ibuprofen-isatin derivatives by connecting ibuprofen hydrazide with different isatin derivatives by a condensation reaction, followed by characterization by fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy. The anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by using the egg-white induce edema method for all the synthesized compounds (5-8), the compounds 5 and 6 showed better anti-inflammatory activity than ibuprofen as a standard compound. Their antimicrobial activity was evaluated and compared with ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and fluconazole; the compounds 5 and 7 have moderate antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, with lower antifungal activity.
Kinetic Adsorption and Release Study of Sulfadiazine Hydrochloride Drug from Aqueous Solutions on GO/P(AA-AM-MCC) Composite
Authors: Mahde Basam W. , Sultan Ahmed M. , Mahdi Makarim A. , Jasim Layth S.
Published: February 2023

The composite was made by free radical polymerization of graphene oxide and acrylic acid, with microcrystalline cellulose and acryl amid serving as the monomer, N, N-methylene bis- acryl amide (MBA) as the cross linker and potassium persulfate (KPS) as the initiator. Graphene oxide/ poly (acrylic acid-acryl amid-microcrystalline cellulose) [GO/P(AA-AM-MCC)] super adsorbent composite characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) Acute Flaccid Myelitis (AFM) Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET). A sulfadiazine drug (SFDH) was removed from an aqueous solution using the synthesized composite as an adsorbent. To learn more about the adsorption process, we used data from the Langmuir and Freundlich models equation. The study clarified the impact of some parameters, such as adsorbate weight at the range of 0.01–0.1 g, and equilibrium time at the range (1–360) minutes. It is found that the best weight of adsorbate was 0.05 gm and a contact time was 120 minutes. Adsorption appears to follow the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms; the kinetics of drug adsorption have been investigated using pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order rate expressions. The synthesized adsorbent also demonstrated a very high release rate and high removal efficiency of the drug SFDH from its aqueous solution.
Pharmacological Evaluation of New 4, 5-dihydro-1H- Pyrazole-1-yl acetate Derivatives as Anti-inflammatory Agents
Authors: Abdul-Majeed Shahlaa Z. , Mahdi Monther F. , Al-Mugdadi Suhad F. H.
Published: February 2023

A series of nine novel 4, 5-dihydro-1H- pyrazole-1-yl acetate derivatives (IVa-i) by Shahla et al. were investigated in-vitro for their ability to prohibit arachidonic acid (AA) from becoming prostaglandin H2 (PGH2), the inhibitory effects were found at 0.016 and 0.02 nM for compounds IVe and IVf, respectively, this was due to high affinity for binding with cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. kinetics study and binding affinity results of these compounds showed good Kd constant of IVe and IVf with COX at (0.008 and 0.003 nM), respectively. Cytotoxicity of these two compounds in RAW 264.7 macrophages cell lines were performed for anti-inflammatory testing, determine their non-cytotoxic concentration to make sure that their anti-inflammatory activity not caused by cytotoxicity, results showed that IVe (IC50 = 4.2 μM) and IVf (IC50 = 2.7 μM), respectively. Compound IVe decreased the COX fold activity followed by compound IVf more than the positive control at the same concentration. During the evaluation of pro-inflammatory marker nitric oxide (NO) level with these compounds, results showed that the level significantly reduced in the presence of IVe & IVf at (5 and 10 μM) and (2.5 and 5 μM) respectively. Determination the level of cytokines with these compounds also performed, compounds IVe at concentration of (10 μM) and IVf (5 μM) significantly reduced the mean level of TNF-α. Significant reduction of proinflammatory IL-1β and IL-6 mean level production was observed at 10 μM of compound IVe and 2.5, 5 μM of compound IVf. The results showed good indication for the anti-inflammatory activity of these compounds and to optimize activity, further structural optimization is required. in the future study.
Detection of the Inhibition Activity of Alcoholic Extract of Green Tea Leaves (Camellia sinensis) and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Few Bacteria and Fungi Species Isolated from Eyes Infection
Authors: Hammadi Sawas Y. , Mahmood Asmaa E. , Attea Ameeda A. , Al-Douri Wahran K. A. , Hamdoun Reem M. , Saleh Nabaa S.
Published: February 2023

A 80 samples were collected from patients who were suffering from eyes infections in Samarra hospitals, Samarra city during the period from December 20, 2020 to January 20, 2021. All the samples were from male and female aged between 1–75 years. They were cultivated on selective and differential media in the laboratory and stained by gram stain. Some biochemical tests were done as confirmation diagnostic tests. There were 71 (88.75%) samples yielded positive growth that includes Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumonia 24 (30%), 16 (20%) and 9 (11.25%), respectively. The results show that 7 isolates of Haemophilus Influenzae, 6 isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 5 isolates of Escherichia coli with percentages (11.25%), (7.5%) and (6.25%) respectively. Four isolates with 5% of Candida albicans were isolated from eyes infections. The sensitivity of bacterial isolates was tested using 12 antibiotics that included quinolones, aminoglycosides, beta- lactams and tetracyclines antibiotics. Imipenem and levofloxacin were more effective than the rest of the antibiotics which range from medium to inactive. The antibacterial impact of alcoholic extracts of Camellia sinensis leaves and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) on certain microbial infections were investigated. Results show that 100% concentration of alcoholic extract gives a high inhibitory effect on all isolated microbes in compares with NPs. The highest inhibition zone is S. aureus with a diameter of 35 mm and the less is 10 mm against S. pneumoniae. The alcoholic extract shows an effective result against C. albicans with a diameter of 15mm. At concentrations of 100% and 150%, zinc oxide nanoparticles inhibit S. aureus, E. coli, and C. albicans, respectively.
Review of Green Synthesis and Anticorrosion Applications for Yttrium Oxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Hassin Maha J , Salman Taghried A
Published: February 2023

Corrosion processes cause considerable losses in industry and the economy. Corrosion inhibitors have been used in both inorganic and organic forms for a long time. Nanomaterials are more effective at preventing corrosion than traditional materials because they have a higher surface-to-volume ratio. Metal oxide nanoparticles (NP) are also novel in a variety of technological applications due to their distinct physical and chemical properties. Due to their higher dielectric constant and thermal stability, yttrium oxide (Y2O3) nanoparticles (NPs) are well known for technical applications. It is frequently utilized in electrochemical applications, photodynamic treatment, and other sectors as a host material for a range of rare-earth alloying elements. As a polarizer, phosphor, biosensor, laser host material, and for bioimaging, Y2O3 NPs has also been employed. Anti-corrosion characteristics of yttrium oxide nanoparticles are appealing regarding the formation of a smooth adsorbed layer on metal surfaces or alloys. This review focuses on Y2O3 NPs promising usage and developments in corrosion-inhibiting applications. The processes of green, chemical, hydrothermal and sol-gel nanoparticle synthesis are discussed.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay versus Chemiluminescent Immunoassay: A General Overview
Authors: Khan Muddasir , Shah Syed Hussain , Salman Muhammad , Abdullah Mr , Hayat Fawad , Akbar Sajeela
Published: February 2023

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique measures antigens, antibodies, and protein reactions in biological samples by enzymatic reactions. The chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) technique determines sample concentrations based on the intensity of the light emitted by a chemical and biological reaction. This review provides an overview to understand the ELSIA and CLIA methods with their types and comparison. ELISA and CLIA methods were compared based on previous literature studies. In conclusion, CLIA is found highly sensitive, specific, and rapid, as compared to ELISA, but CLIA is an expensive method as compared to ELISA.
Sol-gel coatings with the fluorescence dye Rhodamine B for optical modification of cotton
Authors: Yuan Wang , Grethe Thomas , Mahltig Boris
Published: February 2023

The sol-gel method is a versatile tool for the modification and functionalization of textiles. This method can be also used to support the application of dyes on textile materials. This paper is related to the application of the fluorescence dye Rhodamine B together with an industrial sol-gel component. Beside fluorescence spectroscopy, also scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are used for the investigation of the produced textile samples. The realized fluorescence effects are strongly related to the applied dye concentration and can be drastically enhanced by presence of the applied sol-gel system. By use of sol-gel method also the dry and the wet rubbing fastness can be improved. These results could be the starting point for future development of new fluorescent textile materials.
Self-healing materials for potential use in textile and clothing applications
Authors: Dannehl Alena , Buhr Amelie , Sanchez Leyton Angela , Hellweg Lennart , Beer Mathias , Sabantina Lilia
Published: February 2023

Self-regenerating, polymer-based textiles emulate living organisms’ ability to heal broken skin and other lesser injuries. To achieve this effect, either intrinsic or extrinsic methods of having polymeric compounds mend these damages can be employed. Depending on the method used, the handling and results of the self-regenerating effect differ. This allows for different areas of application. The focus of this paper is to discuss some of these potential textile applications as well as related research and developments in the area of self-healing materials.
Designing Sneakers as A Medium to Support Teaching and Learning Speaking
Authors: Kurniawan Rizky
Published: February 2023

The goal of this study was to create the board game Sneakers as a teaching and learning tool for speaking and to determine whether or not eleventh-grade students would find it useful and appropriate for that purpose. Card games and board games make up the medium. The teacher and students at the school utilized a book, and the materials were obtained from the internet. The three parts of the process—Analyze, Design, and Develop—were derived from Branch's (2009) ADDIE Model. Students require dynamic, visually appealing media during the analysis phase to participate in the teaching and learning process. The media's structure, as well as all of the elements that were increasingly its primary focus, were all covered throughout the design process. The development process was carried out to create the fundamental components of the media, such as the game's rules. Sneakers are frequently employed as a medium to promote or facilitate the teaching and learning of speaking for the eleventh-grade students at SMA Muhammadiyah 2 Pontianak, according to the evaluation's findings
Multi-Recyclable Eco-Friendly Chitosan Beads: An Efficient Adsorbent for Removal of Crystal Violet Dye
Authors:   Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravyas Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, India, S Chawla , H Uppal ,   Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravyas Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, India, S Sachin ,   Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravyas Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, India, H Kaur ,   Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, India, D Sharma ,   Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), India, J Tawale ,   Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravyas Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, India, N Singh ,   Bhartiya Nirdeshak Dravyas Division, CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, India
Published: February 2023

Crystal Violet (CV) enters in water bodies through the effluents of textile, medical, paint, biotechnology industries. CV considered as mutagenic and mitotic in nature and also causes skin irritation, eye damage and other severe effects on human as well as aquatic lives. Due to its toxicity and harmful effects, environmental agencies have put strict regulations on discharge of CV dye contaminated water into natural water bodies. In the past decades, several processes have been cited in the literature for the decontamination of CV dye; however they have their own limitations for purification. Most of the cited processes require sophisticated tools to separate adsorbent from water after purification. For the proposed adsorbent, there is no need of such filtration processes as the proposed chitosan beads can be easily removed from water after purification without any tools. The same beads can be utilized several times just simple chemical reactivation. In the proposed process, we have utilized the same beads up to eight times and the removal efficiency was found to be more than 90% within 90 minutes. The material is cost effective, eco-friendly and easy to synthesize. To understand the adsorption rate and the adsorption mechanism of CV over chitosan beads, the kinetics and adsorption isotherms models were analyzed. The obtained experimental adsorption data was found to be best fitted to pseudo second order kinetics and Langmuir adsorption isotherm.
Lab-on-a-Bead: Polymeric Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as a Versatile Platform for (Bio)sensor Design
Authors: Gomez Federico , Vidal Ezequiel , Zanini Graciela , Domini Claudia , Silva Maria , Garcia Carlos
Published: February 2023

Natural polymers offer not only low-cost, wide availability, biocompatibility, and biodegradability but also a rich chemical functionality towards custom modifications and new applications. Among those, sodium alginate (ALG) offers a number of competitive advantages, including the possibility to form beads by a simple process call spherification as well as their modification by a wide number of processes, including the possibility to mixing the alginate solution with deep eutectic solvents (DES). Thus, and considering the capacity of DES to stabilize enzymes, the main objective of this work was to design and fabricate a new PODES (using ALG as one of the components, ALGPODES) and to deploy this material as a new phase to develop colorimetric biosensors. The formed beads displayed a narrow size distribution (2.9 0.1 mm) and a permeable structure with large internal cavities (25-100 m). The applicability of these beads towards analytical applications (lab-on-a-bead) was demonstrated by integrating three sensing platforms and by their application in real food samples.
Enhanced immunotherapy based on the synergistic click reaction-mediated chemotherapy and photothermal therapy for efficient tumor inhibition
Authors: Zhang Guiquan , Chen Xuemei , Chen Xu , Du Kaihong , Ding Keke , He Dong , Ding Dan , Hu Rong , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: February 2023

The development of functional materials for the tumor immunogenicity enhancement is desirable for overcoming the low therapeutic efficiency and easy metastasis during tumor treatments. Herein, thermos-responsive nanoparticles composed of photothermal agent (PTA) and click reactive reagent are developed for enhanced immunotherapy application. A metal-bis(dithiolene)-containing PTA with intense near-infrared (NIR) absorption and efficient photo-thermal conversion is developed for thermal-responsive nanoparticles construction. The generated heat by encapsulated PTA will further induce the phase transition of thermos-responsive nanoparticles with the release of chemotherapy reagent to react with the amino groups on functional proteins, realizing PTT and chemotherapy simultaneously. Moreover, immunogenic cell death (ICD) of cancer cells evoked by PTT will be further enhanced by the released reactive reagent. As a result, the synergistic effect of photothermal treatment and reaction-mediated chemotherapy can suppress the growth of primary tumor, and the evoked ICD will further activate the immune response with the suppression of distant tumor. This synergistic treatment strategy provides a reliable and promising approach for cancer immunotherapy in clinic.
Catalytic Asymmetric Defluorinative Allylation of Silyl Enol Ethers
Authors: Duran Jordi , Mateos Javier , Moyano Albert , Companyó Xavier
Published: February 2023

The stereocontrolled installation of alkyl fragments at the alpha position of ketones is a fundamental yet unresolved transformation in organic chemistry. Herein we report a new catalytic methodology able to construct alpha-allyl ketones via defluorinative allylation of silyl enol ethers in a regio- diastereo- and enantioselective manner. The protocol leverages the unique features of the fluorine atom to simultaneously act as leaving group and to activate the fluorophilic nucleophile via a SiF interaction. A series of spectroscopic, electroanalytic and kinetic experiments demonstrate the crucial interplay of the Si–F interaction for successful reactivity and selectivity. The generality of the transformation is demonstrated by synthesising a wide set of structurally diverse alpha-allylated ketones bearing two contiguous stereocenters. Remarkably, the catalytic protocol is amenable for the allylation of biologically significant natural products.
Optimal Fiscal Reform with Many Taxes
Authors: Carroll Daniel R. , Luduvice André Victor D. , Young Eric R.
Published: February 2023

We study the optimal one-shot tax reform in the standard incomplete markets model where households differ in their wealth, earnings, permanent labor skill, and age. The government can provide transfers by raising tax revenue and has several tax instruments at its disposal: a flat capital income tax, a flat consumption tax, and a non-linear labor income tax. The optimal fiscal policy funds a transfer that is nearly 50 percent of GDP through a combination of very high taxes on consumption and capital income. The labor tax schedule has a high average rate but is also moderately progressive. We find an identical outcome when policy is instead determined by majority voting. Finally, we offer suggestive empirical evidence that households’ preferences for tax and redistribution are more strongly associated with political identity than economic status.
Low molecular weight gelators based on steroid derivatives and pentacyclic triterpenoids
Authors: Lipson Victoria , Kulyk Karyna
Published: February 2023

The article is an overview of the latest achievements in the study of low molecular weight gelling agents based on steroids - cholesterol, estradiol, dehydroepi-androsterone and pentacyclic triterpenoids - arjunolic, glycyrrhetinic acids. These compounds are used as components of smart gels and are of interest for supramolecular chemistry. A gelling agent is a substance that is able to bind various solvents at low concentrations, and the resulting gel has a solid structure which rheological properties are similar to those of solids. Non-covalent interactions: dipole-dipole, van der Waals, electrostatic, hydrogen bonds and π-stacking, are considered as the driving forces for the formation a fibrous network by low molecular weight gelator. In contrast to decades of research into the gelation of polymers, proteins and inorganic substances, low molecular weight organic gelling agents have only recently begun to be actively studied. Their chemical structure is derived from urea, amino acids, carbohydrates, cholesterol and bile acids. Unlike steroid-based gels, information on the use of pentacyclic triterpenoids for the development of low molecular weight gelling agents is extremely limited. The interest in such systems is due to the fact that, like steroids, they have a developed, rigidly organized nanosized molecular platform, making them capable of self-association in polar and nonpolar organic solvents. In addition, the presence of molecules of these compounds in several functional groups that are easily chemically modified, low toxicity and biocompatibility allows them to be considered as promising starting materials for the pharmaceutical industry, in particular for the development of mild dosage forms.
Magnetic properties of generalized polyallyl spin chain
Authors: Pokhmura Maksym , Cheranovskii Vladyslav
Published: February 2023

The work is devoted to the theoretical simulation of low-temperature magnetic properties of generalized polyallyl spin chain with the antiferromagnetic coupling of the neighboring spins (GPSC) - spin model of a family of quasi-one dimensional molecular ferrimagnets. First, the exact energy spectra of Heisenberg spin Hamiltonians of the finite lattice clusters of GPSC with the spins of the main chain s=1/2 and pendant spins š=1 have been studied by means of the exact diagonalization method. The calculations were performed for different positive values of the coupling parameters for neighboring spins of the main chain of GPSC clusters. On the base of the above exact energy spectra and the Boltzmann distribution law the field dependencies of magnetization of finite lattice clusters are calculated numerically at different temperatures. In the result, for low temperatures the presence of intermediate plateau in field dependencies of the cluster magnetization has been shown. These calculations demonstrated the stabilization of the intermediate magnetization plateau with the growth of the spin coupling along the main chain of GPSC clusters. In addition, the numerical study of temperature dependence of zero field magnetic susceptibility of 12- spin clusters of GPSC gives the results which are similar to the 1D model of molecular ferrimagnets like necklace spin ladder.

Similar calculations of the magnetization profile were performed for infinite Heisenberg –Ising GPSC model with Ising type of the antiferromagnetic interactions between the neighboring spins of the main chain. The classical transfer- matrix method was used for this purpose. In the result, it was shown the presence of an intermediate plateau in the low-temperature magnetization profile of infinite chain model and the increase of the plateau size with increasing of the Ising coupling between the spins of the main chain.
Problems of training scientific and pedagogical staff in chemistry in pre-revolutionary universities of Ukraine (19th – early 20th centuries)
Authors: Kulish Sergii
Published: February 2023

The article identifies a number of problems that arose in the process of training students in chemistry at Ukrainian universities in the 19th – early 20th centuries. There were not enough chemistry teachers during this period, but they did a lot of work to find ways to stimulate students’ research, although chemical laboratories were insufficiently equipped and staffed. The role of university professors in public life and everyday problems of the population of Ukraine is shown. They participated in the preparation of literature for the population of Kharkiv and Odessa, provided assistance in studying the physical and chemical properties of products and non-product substances.

During this period, new areas of focus emerged in the study of chemistry (agrochemistry, thermochemistry, electrochemistry, etc.). The problems of various scientific schools in chemistry, which led to conflicts among lecturers, university administrations and the Ministry of Public Education, are considered. During this period, the authorities tightened control over the national factor of university teachers. At the end of the 19th century the Ministry of Public Education demanded to strengthen the Russian element in the teaching staff, refrained from hiring teachers of the Jewish and Catholic religion. The article also considers the problems of scientific trips of teachers abroad and the use in teaching students of foreign experience in teaching chemistry.
LOCAL MEDIA IN THE STRUCTURE OF MEDIA SYSTEMS. AT THE BORDER BETWEEN INTERPERSONAL AND MASS COMMUNICATION
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Zorin Kirill A. ,   Moscow University of Finance and Law
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on local media, which turned out to be closely linked to a number of forms of participatory journalism. The question of the specific status of such means of communication in media systems is raised. Analysis of the nature of mass communication suggests that local media operate on the boundary of two types of communication – the interpersonal and mass, that determines their integration into the life of social groups and the ease with which laymen can enter the process of mass information exchange. It is suggested that local media have the properties of fractals, which allows them to adapt to changes in the social environment.
V.S. GROSSMAN’S ESSAY “GOOD WISHES TO YOU!”. EVOLUTION OF THE PUBLICISTIC COMPONENT
Authors:   Russian State University for the Humanities, Bit-Yunan Yury G. ,   The Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: February 2023

The article focuses on the edition evolution of V. Grossman’s “Good wishes to you!”. Based on the textological juxtaposition of the different editions – from the less complete ones of 1965 and 1967 to the most complete of 1988 – the researcher concludes that the publicistic basis of the essay remained unchanged – only the intensity of the publicistic judgments varied.
Solving problematic problems of developing a dispersant formulation based on finely dispersed solid particles
Authors: Сальников Александр Викторович , Гайсин Марат Тагирович
Published: February 2023

Твердые диспергенты на основе природных органо-неорганических гибридных материалов являются новым классом препаратов для борьбы с последствиями нефтяных разливов на морских акваториях - перспективным, в том числе для применения в ледовых условиях. Их основные преимущества: низкая себестоимость, экологичность и малая токсичность вследствие отсутствия поверхностно-активных веществ и высокомолекулярных соединений. Принцип действия таких диспергентов основан на создании устойчивых эмульсий Пикеринга. В статье рассмотрена методология лабораторных исследований, проводимых для решения проблемных задач разработки рецептуры экологичного диспергента на основе тонкодисперсных твердых частиц. Приведены результаты лабораторных исследований, полученные с использованием лабораторного образца диспергента «Димекс». Показано, что распределение проблемных задач разработки рецептуры диспергента по этапам лабораторных исследований, выбор и апробация методик испытаний позволяют еще на этапе поиска рецептуры диспергента количественно оценить его потенциальную эффективность по ряду показателей: размер тонкодисперсных твердых частиц, краевой угол смачивания и гидрофобно-лиофобный баланс.

Solid dispersants based on natural organo-inorganic hybrid materials are a new class of preparations for combating the consequences of oil spills in marine areas, promising, including for use in ice conditions. Their important advantages include low cost, environmental friendliness and low toxicity due to the absence of traditional surfactants and macromolecular compounds. The principle of action of such dispersants is based on the creation of stable Pickering emulsions. The article presents the methods for evaluating the parameters adopted to achieve the problematic goals of developing an environmentally friendly dispersant formulation based on finely dispersed solid particles. The results of laboratory studies obtained using a laboratory sample of the Dimex dispersant are presented. It is shown that the distribution of problematic tasks in the development of a dispersant formulation by stages of laboratory research, the selection and testing of test methods make it possible, even at the stage of searching for a dispersant formulation, to quantify its potential effectiveness in terms of a number of indicators: the size of finely dispersed solid particles, wetting angle and hydrophobic-lyophobic balance.
Efecto de la temperatura sobre la velocidad de lixiviación de polvo de cobre contenido en circuitos impresos de computadoras en medio oxígeno-tiosulfato (O2-S2O32-)
Authors: Mesinas Romero M.A. , Rivera Landero I. , Reyes Valderrama M.I. , Hernández Ávila J.
Published: February 2023

Con base a su alta conductividad eléctrica el cobre es uno de los materiales básicos de la ingeniería eléctrica y tecnológica y además de los metales preciosos, el cobre presente en placas de circuitos impresos es el más interesante para su recuperación y posterior uso como materia prima  debido a su valor  económico  y  contenido  relativamente  alto  en  comparación  con  los  minerales  explotables; generalmente  los  desechos  tanto  eléctricos  como  electrónicos  incluyen  dentro  de  su  estructura metales, los cuales se encuentran tanto en forma nativa y/o como aleaciones por lo que éstos pueden ser considerados como un posible recurso secundario comparado con los minerales. En el presente trabajo se aborda el estudio de la influencia de la temperatura sobre la velocidad de lixiviación del cobre  contenido  en  circuitos  impresos  de  computadoras  previamente  triturados  y  acotados  a  un determinado  número  de  malla  (30,  40,  50,  70  y  100)  de  acuerdo  a  la  serie  Tyler.  A  partir  de  la selección  de  la  malla  50  se  lleva  a  cabo  el  estudio  cinético  de  lixiviación  en  medio  O₂-S O ²⁻ (oxígeno-tiosulfato)  en  un  rango  de  temperaturas  estudiadas  de  16°C  a  65°C,  encontrando que  en este sistema bajo las siguientes condiciones de trabajo: temperatura de 65°C, pH 10, 750 min⁻¹, 5g de muestra  y  180  minutos  se  obtienen  hasta  7245  ppm  de  cobre  en  solución  con  una  energía  de activación de 15.00 kJ/mol.
Identification of Color and Texture of Ripe Passion Fruit with Perceptron Neural Network Method
Authors: Siswanto  , Riefky N. Sungkar  , M. Anif  , Basuki Hari Prasetyo  , Subandi  , Ari Saputro  , Buana Suhurdin Putra
Published: February 2023

Research using artificial neural network methods has been developed as a tool that can help human tasks, one of which is for passion fruit UMKM entrepreneurs. The problem so far that has been faced by UMKM  entrepreneurs of passion fruit  is that it is difficult to identify ripe passion fruit with sweet and sour taste, because there are 6 colors of passion fruit and the color of passion fruit skin is visually slightly different, as well as the texture of maturity. The main purpose of this study was to identify the color structure and texture of the ripeness of passion fruit, in order to recognize the color and texture of the ripeness of passion fruit which is good for processing into syrup, jam, jelly, juice, passion fruit juice powder by entrepreneurs of UMKM of passion fruit. This study empirically tested the color and texture of the ripeness of 10 passion fruit using the perceptron artificial neural network learning method. The data is obtained from an image that will be entered into the program. The results of the identification process using the perceptron artificial neural network from the tests that have been carried out previously, the highest calculation results obtained with the best results using a learning rate of 0.8 and 500 epoch iterations and producing an accuracy of 80%.
A novel application of blockchain technology and its features in an effort to increase uptake of medications for Opioid Use Disorder
Authors: Garett Renee , Kelani Zeyad , Young Sean D.
Published: February 2023

The opioid crisis has impacted the lives of millions of Americans. Digital technology has been applied in both research and clinical practice to mitigate this public health emergency. Blockchain technology has been implemented in healthcare and other industries outside of cryptocurrency, with few studies exploring its utility in dealing with the opioid crisis. This paper explores a novel application of blockchain technology and its features to increase uptake of medications for opioid use disorder.
Comparison of COVID-19 vaccine’s side effects between mRNA and inactivated virus vaccine for health workers
Authors: Badrul Munir  , Widodo Mardi Santoso  , Eko Arisetijono  , Sri Budhi Rianawati  , Fahimma Fahimma  , Helnida Anggun Maliga
Published: February 2023

Objective: Indonesian health workers mostly received three doses of vaccine, using two doses of inactivated viral vaccines, followed by the mRNA vaccine platform for the third dose. This study was conducted to investigate and compare the side effects of three vaccine doses using mRNA and inactivated viral vaccines platform for health workers. Methods: Cross-sectional study was conducted on health workers who received three doses of the COVID-19 vaccine completely and willing to follow the research. Data collected were demographic characteristics, previous disease history, history of COVID-19 infection, and post-vaccination local and systemic side effects. Data was collected based on self-report and analyzed with a confidence level of 95% (p<0.05). Results: Overall, fifty-three participants received three consecutive doses of vaccine, consisting of two doses of inactivated viral vaccine (Sinovac) and followed by one dose of mRNA vaccine platform (Moderna). Post-vaccination side effects were more common after receiving the mRNA vaccine platform at 85% than after receiving the inactivated virus vaccine at 21%, with a significant difference for local swelling and all systemic side effects (p<0.05). After administering the mRNA vaccine platform, local pain, muscle pain, and swelling at the injection site are the most frequent side effects. Patients with a history of COVID-19 infection had more frequent post-vaccination side effects compared to no history of COVID-19 infection (100% vs. 83%), and all of the local and systemic side effects were significantly different (p<0.05). The most common side effects in patients with a history of COVID-19 infection are injection site pain, muscle pain, and swelling. Conclusions: Post-vaccine side effects are mild and more common in mRNA vaccines platform than in inactivated virus vaccines. Post-vaccination side effects were higher in patients with a history of COVID-19 infection compared to naïve patients.
Urine test strip analysis, concentration range and its interpretations of the parameters
Authors: Abeje Abebayehu
Published: February 2023

Urinalysis is a simple urine analysis performed in many healthcare settings and at home that reveals important diagnostic information. Diabetes mellitus, kidney failure, renal, liver diseases, hydration, urinary tract infection, and metabolic abnormalities are among the diseases studied. Urinalysis is simple to perform using a urine test strip, but the results must be correctly interpreted. Urinalysis is a noninvasive, widely available, and reasonably priced method. A urine test strip is a paper or plastic dipstick with a chemically impregnated pad that is one of the simplest, cheapest, and most effective in vitro diagnostic devices for screening urine. The reference ranges, detection limits, and chemical analysis of common urine constituents such as occult blood, glucose, protein, ketones, leukocytes, nitrite, urobilinogen, bilirubin, pH, specific gravity, ascorbic acid, microalbumin, and creatinine are discussed in this article.
Study of vibrational spectra of zwitterionic 3-Aminobutanoic acid, as supported by DFT calculations
Authors: Shashikala Yalagi
Published: February 2023

3-Aminobutanoic acid is an unnatural amino acid and by analogy with other amino acids, is represented in its zwitterionic form by R-CH(COO¯)NH­3+ (where side group R = aryl, alkyl or any other group) in solid phase. Experimental IR and Raman modes near 3029, 2871, 1577, 1288 cm-1 measured for 3ABA are strongly in favor of the zwitterionic dimer structure formed of –N-H∙∙∙O–C bonding between –NH­3+ and anion – CO2¯ groups. Zwitterionic monomer and dimer structures at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level are computed. It has been found that the stable zwitterionic monomer and dimer structures are possible only in a water solvent medium computed using SCRF SMD solvation model. The zwitterionic dimer vibrational structure is in good agreement with the experiment and both zwitterionic monomer and dimer models have identically predicted the frequencies of the modes that are localized and unperturbed except those that characterize the H-bonding due to the –N-H∙∙∙O bonding. This is supported by the appearance of two characteristic medium strong Raman modes at 900 and 843 cm-1 that suggest unperturbed C-C skeletal structure and localized modes due to CH, CH2 and CH3 groups bound to it.
A concise review on analytical profile of Vigabatrin
Authors: Vikas R. Patil  , Vinay V. Sarode  , Yogesh A. Chaudhari  , Sudhir G. Patil  , Samir B. Tadavi  , Rohit S. Patil
Published: February 2023

Vigabatrin (VGB) is a drug of Anticonvulsant class. It works by decreasing abnormal electrical activity in the brain. It inhibits the GABA-degrading enzyme i.e. GABA transaminase, it increases the GABA concentrations in the brain. Vigabatrin is used for the treatment of refractory complex partial seizures in adults and also used for children 2 years of age and older and infantile spasms in children. Vigabatrin was approved for anticonvulsant medication by USFDA on August 21, 2009. Therefore, in the present review article, we have enlisted different analytical method such as Ultraviolet (UV) visible spectroscopy, High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and Gas Chromatography for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of VGB in pharmaceutical and biological. In the future, this review article will assist researchers regarding the development of a new analytical method for VGB.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Snowball Throwing dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Hisbullah Hisbullah , Firman Firman
Published: February 2023

Penerapan model pembelajaran snowball throwing dapat memberikan hasil yang baik dengan meningkatkan hasil belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam di Sekolah Dasar. Aktivitas belajar yang dilakukan siswa setelah menerapkan pembelajaran snowball throwing mengalami peningkatan secara signifikan dengan menunjukkan adanya perubahan dari cara belajar siswa. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan data yang diperoleh pada siklus I yaitu ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa secara klasikal berada pada kategori rendah, serta kerjasama siswa dalam kelompok belum maksimal, ini dikarenakan siswa belum terbiasa melakukan kegiatan secara berkelompok. Sedangkan terjadi peningkatan pada siklus II yaitu ketuntasan belajar siswa berada pada kategori sangat tinggi, serta kerjasama dalam kelompok sudah terlihat maksimal, ini dikarenakan siswa mulai terbiasa dalam bekerja secara kelompok. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa melalui penerapan pembelajaran snowball throwing dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam di SD.