bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Head Direction Cell Activity Is Absent in Mice without the Horizontal Semicircular Canals
Authors: Valerio Stephane , Taube Jeffrey S.
Published: January 2016

Head direction (HD) cells fire when an animal faces a particular direction in its environment, and they are thought to represent the neural correlate of the animal's perceived spatial orientation. Previous studies have shown that vestibular information is critical for generating the HD signal but have not delineated whether information from all three semicircular canals or just the horizontal canals, which are primarily sensitive to angular head rotation in the horizontal (yaw) plane, are critical for the signal. Here, we monitored cell activity in the anterodorsal thalamus (ADN), an area known to contain HD cells, inepstatic circler(Ecl) mice, which have a bilateral malformation of the horizontal (lateral) semicircular canals.Eclmice and their littermates that did not express the mutation (controls) were implanted with recording electrodes in the ADN. Results confirm the important role the horizontal canals play in forming the HD signal. Although normal HD cell activity (Raleigh'sr> 0.4) was recorded in control mice, no such activity was found inEclmice, although some cells had activity that was mildly modulated by HD (0.4 >r> 0.2). Importantly, we also observed activity inEclmice that was best characterized as bursty—a pattern of activity similar to an HD signal but without any preferred firing direction. These results suggest that the neural structure for the HD network remains intact inEclmice, but the absence of normal horizontal canals results in an inability to control the network properly and brings about an unstable HD signal.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCells in the anterior dorsal thalamic nucleus normally fire in relation to the animal's directional heading with respect to the environment—so-called head direction cells. To understand how these head direction cells generate their activity, we recorded single-unit activity from the anterior dorsal thalamus in transgenic mice that lack functional horizontal semicircular canals. We show that the neural network for the head direction signal remains intact in these mice, but that the absence of normal horizontal canals results in an inability to control the network properly and brings about an unstable head direction signal.
Clinicopathological predictive factors in the early remission of corticotroph pituitary macroadenomas in a tertiary referral centre
Authors: Witek Przemysław , Zieliński Grzegorz , Szamotulska Katarzyna , Maksymowicz Maria , Kamiński Grzegorz
Published: January 2016

Objective

Corticotroph macroadenomas are a rare cause of Cushing's disease (CD), but their properties are not well-recognised. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical and pathological aspects of corticotroph macroadenomas with particular emphasis on proliferation markers and their associations with the efficacy of surgical treatment.

Design

A prospective cohort study was conducted in a tertiary referral centre in Poland.

Methods

In total, 59 patients with CD (20 macroadenomas and 39 microadenomas) were included in this study. Hormonal and imaging parameters, histopathological and ultrastructural features of the corticotroph tumours and the early surgical outcomes were evaluated.

Results

ACTH and ACTH/cortisol ratios were higher in macroadenomas (P<0.001 andP=0.002 respectively). Greater tumour volumes were associated with higher Ki-67 and p53 expression (Ptrend=0.009 andPtrend=0.024 respectively) and the rates of sparsely granulated adenomas (Ptrend=0.036). Immediate postoperative remission and early biochemical remission rates were lower in macroadenomas compared to microadenomas (P<0.001). A logistic regression model showed that the immediate postoperative remission or early biochemical remission depended on tumour volume (P=0.005 andP=0.006 respectively) and invasiveness based on Knosp grades 3 and 4 for macroadenomas and a lack of surgical pseudocapsule for microadenomas (P=0.004 andP=0.007 respectively).

Conclusion

Corticotroph macroadenomas differ from the more common microadenomas not only in terms of hormonal and imaging characteristics but also in terms of immunohistochemical and ultrastructural features and proliferation markers. The early effectiveness of surgery depends primarily on tumour volume and invasiveness.
ASAS PRADUGA TIDAK BERSALAH DALAM DIMENSI PEMBUKTIAN: TELAAH TEORITIK DARI OPTIK PERLINDUNGAN HAK ASASI MANUSIA
Authors: Baital Bachtiar
Published: January 2016

Sebagai asas fundamental dalam hukum pidana, asas praduga tidak bersalah berkaitan erat dengan masalah pembuktian. Diperkenankan pembalikan beban pembuktian terhadap kesalahan pelaku akan bersinggungan dengan asas praduga tidak bersalah menjadi asas praduga bersalah, sehingga sangat rawan terhadap pelanggaran HAM. Karena itu, penerapan pembalikan beban pembuktian hendaknya dilakukan secara hati-hati dan selektif serta dilakukan dalam kedudukan sebagai terdakwa, sehingga hanya dapat diterapkan pada kasus-kasus tertentu dan diterapkan terbatas. Selain itu, harus dilakukan secara seimbang dan proporsional antara perlindungan kemerdekaan individu di satu sisi dan perampasan hak individu pelaku di sisi lain. DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i2.2381
BUDAYA HUKUM DALAM MASYARAKAT MULTIKULTURAL
Authors: Makmur Syafrudin
Published: January 2016

Indonesia kerap direpresentasikan sebagai suatu mosaik budaya: potongan-potongan budaya yang direkat-rekatkan menjadi sebuah lukisan budaya yang besar dan utuh yang kerap diberi label “kebudayaan nasional”. Potongan-potongan tersebut diasumsikan sebagai “puncak-puncak kebudayaan berbagai daerah” yang ada dalam wilayah negara Indonesia. Sebagai rumah untuk lebih dari 700 bahasa daerah, 300 suku bangsa, lima agama besar, dan 13.000-an pulau, godaan untuk menganggap Indonesia sebagai sebuah negara atau masyarakat multikultural memang besar dan amat mudah untuk terjatuh ke dalamnya. Berbagai wacana tentang Indonesia yang “multikultural” telah sering digaungkan dari masa ke masa dan, bahkan, diabadikan dalam miniatur Indonesia indah di TMII. Apalagi jika kita mengingat bahwa kemajemukan budaya itu telah ada di bumi Nusantara bahkan sebelum Indonesia sebagai sebuah nation state modern lahir. Maka, kedengarannya cukup masuk akal apabila kadang-kadang ada klaim bahwa multikulturalisme sudah merupakan warisan luhur budaya bangsa sejak dahulu kala DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i2.2387
INSTRUMEN DAN INSTITUSI INTERNASIONAL DALAM PENEGAKAN HAM
Authors: Nursamsi Dedy
Published: January 2016

Abad XX ditandai dengan usaha untuk mengkonversikan hak hak individu yang sifatnya kodrati menjadi hak hukum. Usai Perang Dunia II, hukum hak asasi internasional berkembang dengan cara yang mantap dan jelas. Adanya kekejaman Nazi terhadap rakyatnya sendiri menjadikan komitmen internasional melalui organisasi Perserikatan Bangsa Bangsa (PBB) untuk menciptakan aturan (orde) internasional yang adil dan mantap di bawah naungan PBB. Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) dipercayai memiliki nilai universal, yang berarti tidak mengenal batas dan ruang waktu. Nilai universal HAM tersebut dikukuhkan dalam instrumen internasional, yang juga memuat institusi (lembaga) internasional sebagai lembaga pengawas dan penegakan HAM.  DOI: 10.15408/sjsbs.v2i2.2389
Aspiration and Non-Aspiration Pneumonia in Hospitalized Children With Neurologic Impairment
Authors: Thomson Joanna , Hall Matt , Ambroggio Lilliam , Stone Bryan , Srivastava Rajendu , Shah Samir S. , Berry Jay G.
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

Children with neurologic impairment (NI) are commonly hospitalized for different types of pneumonia, including aspiration pneumonia. We sought to compare hospital management and outcomes of children with NI diagnosed with aspiration versus nonaspiration pneumonia.

METHODS:

A retrospective study of 27 455 hospitalized children aged 1 to 18 years with NI diagnosed with pneumonia from 2007 to 2012 at 40 children’s hospitals in the Pediatric Health Information System database. The primary exposure was pneumonia type, classified as aspiration or nonaspiration. Outcomes were complications (eg, acute respiratory failure) and hospital utilization (eg, length of stay, 30-day readmission). Multivariable regression was used to assess the association between pneumonia type and outcomes, adjusting for NI type, comorbid conditions, and other characteristics.

RESULTS:

In multivariable analysis, the 9.7% of children diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia experienced more complications than children with nonaspiration pneumonia (34.0% vs 15.2%, adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 1.2 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.1–1.3). Children with aspiration pneumonia had significantly longer length of stay (median 5 vs 3 days; ratio of means 1.2; 95% CI 1.2–1.3); more ICU transfers (4.3% vs 1.5%; aOR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1–1.9); greater hospitalization costs (median $11 594 vs $5162; ratio of means 1.2; 95% CI 1.2–1.3); and more 30-day readmissions (17.4% vs 6.8%; aOR 1.3; 95% CI 1.2–1.5).

CONCLUSIONS:

Hospitalized children with NI diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia have more complications and use more hospital resources than when diagnosed with nonaspiration pneumonia. Additional investigation is needed to understand the reasons for these differences.
HIV Testing Among US High School Students and Young Adults
Authors: Van Handel Michelle , Kann Laura , Olsen Emily O’Malley , Dietz Patricia
Published: January 2016

BACKGROUND:

We assessed HIV testing trends among high school students and young adults.

METHODS:

We analyzed National Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) and Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) data to assess HIV testing prevalence among high school students and young adults aged 18 to 24, respectively. Logistic regression models for each sample stratified by gender and race/ethnicity were estimated to assess trends in the percentages ever tested, with year as a continuous linear variable. We report absolute differences in HIV testing prevalence and model results for 2005–2013 (YRBS) and 2011–2013 (BRFSS).

RESULTS:

During the study periods, an average of 22% of high school students (17% of male and 27% of female students) who ever had sexual intercourse and 33% of young adults reported ever being tested for HIV. Among high school students, no change was detected in HIV testing prevalence during 2005–2013, regardless of gender or race/ethnicity. Among young adult males, an average of 27% had ever been tested, and no significant changes were detected overall or by race/ethnicity during 2011–2013. Significant decreases in testing prevalence were detected during 2011–2013 among young adult females overall (from 42.4% to 39.5%), young adult white females (from 37.2% to 33.9%), and young adult black females (from 68.9% to 59.9%).

CONCLUSIONS:

HIV testing prevalence was low among high school students and young adults. No increase in testing among young adult males and decreased testing among young adult black females is concerning given their higher risk of HIV infection.
¡QUE VIVA CHANGÓ! MÚSICA Y RELIGIOSIDAD AFROCUBANAS EN EL PERÚ EN TRES DÉCADAS (1980-2010)
Authors: Saldívar Arellano Juan Manuel , Anticona Cebrián Juan Pablo
Published: January 2016

Las migraciones de cubanos al Perú ha sido un tema poco estudiado; sin embargo, poner
atención al establecimiento de las oleadas migratorias de cubanos que se han anclado en el
país a partir de un conflicto político gestado en Cuba en 1980, lleva a describir fenómenos
periféricos, tales como, la influencia musical y las tradiciones religiosas afrocubanas como
la santería e Ifá1. Actualmente, se observa cómo la música ha sido un canal que ha posibilitado
la influencia religiosa en el país a partir del arribo de agrupaciones musicales cubanas
a los principales escenarios de Lima, la popularización de la “salsa” en restaurantes, discotecas,
bares cubanos y la formación de casas templo2en la ciudad. Este artículo propone
una aproximación en torno a los antecedentes de cubanos en el Perú, considerando la
influencia de la música como un factor determinante para la popularización de las tradiciones
religiosas como filtraciones culturales transnacionales entre personas, países y lugares.
IGLESIA, ESTADO Y CONTROL MENTAL EN COSTA RICA: EL CASO DE LA PROHIBICIÓN DE LA ENSEÑANZA DE LA TEOSOFÍA EN EL COLEGIO SUPERIOR DE SEÑORITAS (1922)
Authors: Urbina Gaitán Chester
Published: January 2016

El conflicto entre Estado e Iglesia derivado de la “supuesta” enseñanza de la Teosofía en el
Colegio Superior de Señoritas está ligado al interés de esta última por ejercer la enseñanza
religiosa con carácter obligatorio y aumentar su poder mental. Esta situación dio lugar
a un intenso y frontal debate periodístico, en el cual se le insta a la Iglesia a apoyar a los
pobres, se censura el carácter confesional del Estado costarricense y su incidencia negativa
en la libertad de conciencia. Además, la Iglesia es criticada por no combatir el materialismo,
en no promover la igualdad de la mujer, la venta de licor en los turnos, la vivencia de
los curas mediante el trabajo ajeno y la ausencia de apoyo a la protección de los animales.
Special speed-power training as the basis of technical skillfulness improvement in sport aerobic
Authors: Moshenska T.V. , Bodrenkova I.A.
Published: January 2016

Purpose: to theoretically work out and experimentally substantiate effectiveness of authors’ methodic of speed-power qualities’ training in sport aerobic. Material: 20 sportsmen participated in the research: boys and girls of 8-12 years’ age. Assessment of speed-power fitness was conducted by results of commonly accepted tests, applied in sport practice. Results: we have developed complexes of jump exercises, which envisage varying of conditions of exercises’ fulfillment at the account of pushing conditions (jumps in depth, jumps over obstacles and jumps on elevated platforms). When fulfilling jumps in motion the main was achievement of maximal height with fixing of jump’s form in flight. Conclusions: we offer six complexes of exercises for speed-power training in sport aerobic. These complexes are recommended to be fulfilled at the end of preparatory part of training session during 15-20 minutes.
Analysis of vegetative homeostasis state of elite handball players
Authors: Prystupa Y.N. , Tyshchenko V.O.
Published: January 2016

Purpose: to study characteristics and dynamic of elite handball players’ physiological indicators. Material: In experiment elite handball players (n=112, age 18-35 years) participated. For determination of vegetative homeostasis state we analyzed variability of heart rhythm. The researches were conducted in laboratory conditions in rest state, in lying position during 5 minutes. Results: it was found that organism’s adaptation reactions to training loads go with different tension of regulation systems. At the end of competition period there appears hyper-kinetic syndrome. It witnessed insufficiency of means, which permit to maintain optimal regulation of cardio-vascular system and increase its functional potentials. Conclusions: indicators of cardio-vascular system and their dynamic w3itnessed maintaining of high level of handball players’ organism hemodynamic provisioning. High level of vegetative homeostasis pointed at certain degree of sportsmen’s fitness. Such state is sufficient for preservation of high potential of sympathetic -adrenaline system and overcoming of fatigue processes.
Characteristic of pedagogic techniques of persistence nurture in sportsmen with defects of mental functioning in process of emotional-will training
Authors: Babich N.L.
Published: January 2016

Purpose: to characterize pedagogic techniques of persistence nurture of sportsmen with defects of mental functioning in process of emotional-will training and test their effectiveness. Material: 11 swimmers (functional class S-14) with defects of mental development (light form of mental deficiency) were involved in the research. Ability for persistence was diagnosed in test 4×50 meters by free style. Results: in sportsmen with defects of mental functioning persistence is restricted by degree of supreme psychic functions’ affections and depend on combination of psychological-pedagogic factors of influence. We characterized specific features of adapted pedagogic techniques for persistence nurture in such sportsmen. It was found that one of conditions of high sport results’ achievement was maximal manifestation of willpower by sportsman. Conclusions: persons with mental deficiency are characterized by inability for regulation of own behavior. It proves that it is necessary to apply correctly directed methods, means and pedagogic techniques in process of emotional-will training of the sportsmen. Effectiveness of the offered pedagogic techniques was proved by test 4×50 meters (free style) (р<0.05).
Conceptual principles of fencing development in children’s sports schools in Ukraine
Authors: Driukov O.V.
Published: January 2016

Purpose: to work out conceptual principles for successful and dynamic development of fencing in children’s sports schools in Ukraine. Material: the researches were conducted on material of children’s sports school Dynamo in Kiev. In this work we used SWOT analysis - method of strategic planning, which implies determination of external and internal factors of organization and their dividing into four categories: strengths (strong sides), weaknesses (weak sides), opportunities and threats. For determination of experts’ opinion concordance in SWOT analysis we used concordance coefficient. Results: we worked out conception of fencing development in children’s sports schools in Ukraine in modern conditions. The specificity of this conception implies determination of strategic approaches to further fencing progressing in children’s sports schools in Ukraine. The conception can serve as bench mark for development and realization of program documents in sphere of fencing progressing or its different branches. Conclusions: we have worked out conception of fencing progressing in children’s sports schools in Ukraine, which is based on achievements and traditions of fencing in Ukraine and in the world. Its development is based on systemic analysis of internal and external factors, which influence on development of fencing in sports schools and on choice of its progressing strategy in new social economical conditions.
Comparison Study of Oropharyngeal Microbiota in Case of Bronchial Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Different Severity Levels
Authors: Ogorodova Ludmila Mikhailovna , Fedosenko Sergey Vyacheslavovich , Popenko Anna Sergeevna , Petrov Vyacheslav Alekseevich , Tyakht Alexandr Viktorovich , Saltykova Irina Vladimirovna , Deyev Ivan Anatolievich , Kulikov Evgeny Sergeevich , Kirillova Natalia Aleksandrovna , Govorun Vadim Markovich , Kostryukova Elena Sergeevna
Published: January 2016

Backgraund: The result of comparative study of oropharyngeal microbiota taxonomic composition in patients with different severity level of bronchial asthma (BA) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is presented in this paper. Aims: To compare oropharyngeal microbiota composition in case of bronchial asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in different severity levels. Metods: 138 patients, 50 with BA and 88 with COPD were studied. For each patient was collected anamnesis vitae, swab from the back of the throat and performed physical examination. High-throughput 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and bioinformatic analysis was employed to characterize the microbial communities. Results: As a result of the study was found a number of differences on various taxonomic levels in microbiota’s composition within group of patients with different severity level of BA and group of patients with different severity level of COPD and between those groups. COPD patients with GOLD 1–2 in comparison with GOLD 3–4 patiens are marked by prevalence of species Brevibacterium aureum, genus Scardovia, Coprococcus, Haemophilus, Moryella, Dialister, Paludibacter and decrease of Prevotella melaninogenica species. BA patients with severe uncontrolled asthma in comparison with patients which have mild persistent asthma are marked by decrease of Prevotella and increase of species Bifidobacterium longum, Prevotella nanceiensis, Neisseria cinerea, Aggregatibacter segnis and genus Odoribacter, Alloiococcus, Lactobacillus, Megasphaera, Parvimonas, Sneathia. Patient’s microbiota in BA group in comparison with COPD group is characterized by the prevalence of Prevotella melaninogenica and genus Selenomonas, Granulicatella и Gemella, and decrease of Prevotella nigrescens, Haemophilus influenza and genus Aggregatibacter, Alloiococcus, Catonella, Mycoplasma, Peptoniphilus и Sediminibacterium. There are no differences between microbiota composition in case of severe uncontrolled BA and very severe COPD. Conclusion: Lack of differences in oropharyngeal microbiota taxonomic composition between patients with severe uncontrolled BA and very severe COPD allow us to suggest a similarity of bronchopulmonary system condition in case of diseases' severe stages.
Aulas de História: questões do/no tempo presente
Authors: Monteiro Ana Maria Ferreira da Costa
Published: January 2016

Resumo Este artigo tem por objetivo apresentar resultados de uma pesquisa voltada para a busca da compreensão de como/quais sentidos são induzidos por docentes no tempo presente, em diferentes contextos curriculares, no entendimento do "ensinar" enquanto fazer conhecer pelos sinais, produzir significados, histórica, política, teórica e culturalmente situados. Operando com o sentido de currículo como "lugar de fronteira", no qual são realizadas mediações didático-culturais, incorporamos a necessária articulação de referenciais teóricos disciplinares do campo do currículo/educação com aqueles do campo da historiografia, de forma a possibilitar a análise epistemológica do conhecimento produzido. A metodologia utilizada possibilitou a identificação de "professores de História marcantes". Suas aulas, após observação, foram analisadas buscando-se compreender a mobilização de saberes e referências culturais para tornar compreensível aos alunos a História ensinada no fazer curricular do/no tempo presente - o "contemporâneo do não contemporâneo". A questão da temporalidade foi considerada na análise das explicações realizadas pelos professores, entendida como dimensão estruturante do raciocínio histórico induzido em um contexto curricular específico no/do tempo presente, bem como as possibilidades e limites das mediações didático-culturais.
O financiamento da educação especial no âmbito dos fundos da educação básica: Fundef e Fundeb
Authors: França Marileide Gonçalves
Published: January 2016

Resumo Este trabalho objetiva analisar a educação especial no contexto do financiamento da educação por meio da análise dos efeitos do Fundef e do Fundeb para o atendimento das pessoas com deficiência, transtornos globais de desenvolvimento e altas habilidades/superdotação, no período de 2007 a 2013, no que tange ao número de matrículas no Estado do Espírito Santo e os valores mínimos por aluno da educação especial estabelecidos a nível nacional, e no Espírito Santo, para essa modalidade de ensino. Os resultados apontam que as políticas de financiamento e de educação especial, desenvolvidas pelo governo federal, têm repercutido na incorporação das matrículas dessa modalidade de ensino nos sistemas educacionais brasileiros, porém, isso não minimiza a ausência de condições mínimas de qualidade da rede pública de ensino para o atendimento a essa população que historicamente foi excluída do processo de escolarização. Desse modo, há a necessidade de discutir acerca dos recursos financeiros voltados a essa modalidade de ensino, a (re)definição dos critérios de ponderação, a contagem de matrículas da rede privada de ensino para recebimento de recursos públicos, a articulação dos entes federados e, principalmente, o aumento da participação da União, na busca pela universalização do atendimento ao público da educação especial.
Aporte del Departamento de Orientación al desarrollo del liderazgo pedagógico: un estudio desde la opinión de directores de Institutos de Enseñanza Secundaria en Andalucía
Authors: Segovia Jesús Domingo , Real Maximiliano Ritacco
Published: January 2016

Resumen El estudio forma parte de un proyecto de investigación sobre liderazgo centrado en el aprendizaje en Secundaria. Responde a la necesidad de apoyar el desarrollo del liderazgo pedagógico de la dirección escolar en Andalucía. Busca comprender, desde la teoría fundamentada de estos profesionales y el análisis de su discurso, en qué medida encuentran apoyo en los departamentos de orientación, en qué ámbitos y qué necesidades plantean al respecto. Recoge evidencias de 15 entrevistas en profundidad a directivos escolares con una trayectoria de mejora. Concluye que el Departamento de Orientación, junto a la jefatura de estudios, son los principales soportes al liderazgo educativo y distribuido, conformando su grupo motor de mejora. Pero depende de los profesionales, centros y contextos. Es más evidente en contextos vulnerables y con "buenos" orientadores y directores que han redireccionado sus funciones hacia agentes de apoyo para la mejora educativa y el asesoramiento como colega crítico.
Risk of alcohol dependence: prevalence, related problems and socioeconomic factors
Authors: Martins-Oliveira Juliana Gabrielle , Jorge Kelly Oliva , Ferreira Raquel Conceição , Ferreira Efigênia Ferreira e , Vale Míriam Pimenta , Zarzar Patrícia Maria
Published: January 2016

Abstract The present study evaluated the possible alcohol dependence and related problems among adolescents and determined possible associations with socioeconomic factors and gender. A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 936 adolescents aged 15 to 19 years enrolled at public and private schools in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. Data related to alcohol consumption and associated problems were collected using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test (AUDIT). The Social Vulnerability Index (SVI), mother's schooling and type of school were used to assess socioeconomic factors. Statistical analysis involved the chi-square test (p < 0.05) and Poisson regression. The prevalence of possible dependence was 16.4%, 52.1% reported concern of a family member regarding the adolescent's alcohol consumption. Female adolescents were less likely to exhibit possible dependence in comparison to males. Participants with living in a low vulnerability area were more likely to consume alcohol in comparison to those living in underprivileged areas. The results of the present study demonstrate that possible dependence was significantly associated with the male gender and low social vulnerability.
Metodologias de identificação de padrões alimentares a posteriori em crianças brasileiras: revisão sistemática
Authors: Carvalho Carolina Abreu de , Fonsêca Poliana Cristina de Almeida , Nobre Luciana Neri , Priore Silvia Eloiza , Franceschini Sylvia do Carmo Castro
Published: January 2016

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo é fornecer orientações para identificação de padrões alimentares por abordagem a posteriori, bem como analisar os aspectos metodológicos dos estudos realizados no Brasil que os identificaram em crianças. Os artigos foram selecionados nas bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde, Scientific pattern; Principal component analysis; Factor analysis; Cluster analysis; Reduced rank regression. Incluíram-se pesquisas que identificaram padrões alimentares de crianças por meio da abordagem a posteriori. Selecionou-se 7 estudos, sendo 6 transversais e 1 de coorte, publicados entre 2007 e 2014. Cinco usaram como inquérito o questionário de frequência alimentar, um o recordatório de 24h e outro uma lista de alimentos. O método de abordagem exploratória mais utilizado nas publicações foi a análise fatorial por componentes principais, seguida da análise de agrupamento. O tamanho amostral dos estudos variou de 232 a 4231, os valores do teste Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin de 0,524 a 0,873, e o alfa de Cronbach de 0,51 a 0,69. Poucos estudos brasileiros identificaram padrões alimentares de crianças utilizando abordagem a posteriori, e a análise fatorial por componentes principais foi a técnica mais usada.
Tendência temporal do nascimento pré-termo e de seus determinantes em uma década
Authors: Balbi Bruna , Carvalhaes Maria Antonieta de Barros Leite , Parada Cristina Maria Garcia de Lima
Published: January 2016

Resumo Objetivou-se analisar a frequência de nascimentos pré-termo, identificar fatores de risco e a evolução destes em uma década (2001-20052010) em município paulista. Estudo de série temporal realizado com dados do Sistema de Informações de Nascidos Vivos. Utilizou-se a regressão logística univariada e múltipla para identificar fatores associados ao nascimento pré-termo e a regressão linear para avaliar a tendência temporal destes no período. Para evitar subestimação, às frequências de nascimento pré-termo obtidas aplicou-se fator de correção. Houve discreto aumento da taxa de nascimento pré-termo: 12,5%, 12,0% e 13,2%. Após ajuste para confundidores, associaram-se com maior chance desse desfecho e aumentaram na década: idade materna igual ou superior a 35 anos e parto cesárea; diminuíram no período: nascimento em hospital de alto risco e menos de sete consultas pré-natais, permanecendo estável a gemelaridade. Comparando ao parto vaginal, nascer de cesariana dobrou a chance de nascimento pré-termo. Dentre os cinco fatores associados à prematuridade, três (parto cesárea, nascimento em hospital de alto risco e menos de sete consultas de pré-natais) são modificáveis por ações no âmbito dos serviços de saúde.
Estimating the opportunity costs of environmental conservation in the Feijão River watershed (São Carlos-SP, Brazil)
Authors: Machado F. H. , Mattedi A. P. , Dupas F. A. , Silva L. F. , Vergara F. E.
Published: January 2016

Abstract The objective of this study was to infer the opportunity cost of land use of the Feijão River watershed (São Carlos-SP, Brazil), in order to estimate the financial resources necessary to compensate landowners willing to convert their production areas into areas of environmental preservation. Net values were estimated by calculating the Annual Value and the Net Present Value of each activity. The area used for agricultural production was estimated using the Land Cover Map of the watershed. The study involved four production areas: forestry, livestock, sugarcane and orange, accounting for 66% of the watershed area of 22,300 hectares. Considering a scenario of total consent from landowners, the 2011 net annual values were estimated at R$ 13.4 million: R$ 2.2 million (eucalyptus), R$ 1.9 million (livestock), R$ 1.1 million (sugarcane) and R$ 8.2 million (orange). This amount would be used as payment for ecosystem services.
The risks of introduction of the Amazonian palm Euterpe oleracea in the Atlantic rainforest
Authors: Tiberio F. C. S. , Sampaio-e-Silva T. A. , Matos D. M. S. , Antunes A. Z.
Published: January 2016

Abstract The introduction of a species may alter ecological processes of native populations, such as pollination and dispersal patterns, leading to changes in population structure. When the introduced and the native species are congeners, interference in pollination can also lead to hybridization. We aimed to understand the ecological aspects of Euterpe oleracea introduction in the Atlantic forest and the possible consequences for the conservation of the native congener Euterpe edulis. We analysed the population structure of palm populations, including hybrids, and observed the interaction with frugivorous birds of both palm species after E. oleracea introduction. We observed that E. edulis had significantly lower density and a smaller number of seedlings when occurring with E. oleracea. Native and introduced Euterpe species shared nine frugivorous bird species. E. oleracea and hybrids had dispersed outside the original planting area. Consequently, the risks of introduction of E. oleracea may mostly be related to the disruption of interactions between E. edulis and frugivorous birds and the spontaneous production of hybrids. Finally, the cultivation of E. oleracea and hybrids in Atlantic rainforest could affect the conservation of the already endangered E. edulis.
Analyzing the edge effects in a Brazilian seasonally dry tropical forest
Authors: Arruda D. M. , Eisenlohr P. V.
Published: January 2016

Abstract Due to the deciduous nature of dry forests (widely known as seasonally dry tropical forests) they are subject to microclimatic conditions not experienced in other forest formations. Close examinations of the theory of edge effects in dry forests are still rare and a number of questions arise in terms of this topic. In light of this situation we examined a fragment of the dry forest to respond to the following questions: (I) Are there differences in canopy cover along the edge-interior gradient during the dry season? (II) How does the microclimate (air temperature, soil temperature, and relative humidity) vary along that gradient? (III) How does the microclimate influence tree species richness, evenness and abundance along that gradient? (IV) Are certain tree species more dominant closer to the forest edges? Regressions were performed to address these questions. Their coefficients did not significantly vary from zero. Apparently, the uniform openness of the forest canopy caused a homogeneous internal microclimate, without significant differentiation in habitats that would allow modifications in biotic variables tested. We conclude that the processes of edge effect commonly seen in humid forests, not was shared with the dry forest assessed.
Distribution of trace elements in tissues of shrimp species Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) from Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Silva E. , Viana Z. C. V. , Onofre C. R. E. , Korn M. G. A. , Santos V. L. C. S.
Published: January 2016

Abstract In this study, concentrations of trace elements in tissues of shrimp species (Litopenaeus vannamei) from farming and zone natural coastal located in the northeastern Brazil were investigated. The elements determination was performed by optical emission spectrometry with inductively coupled plasma (ICP OES). The following ranges of concentrations in the tissues were obtained in µg g–1 dry weight: Al: 13.4-886.5, Cd: 0.93-1.80; Cu: 24.8-152; Fe: 3.2-410.9; Mn: 0.36-24.4; Se: 0.094-9.81 and Zn: 20.3-109.4. The shrimp muscle can be a good iron source (about 88.9 mg–1g dry weight). The distribution of Se concentration in tissues showed much variation between locations, and the concentration levels found in shrimp muscles of wild samples were high, where its levels in 67% of muscle and 50% of others tissues samples exceeded the ANVISA limit, indicating evidence of selenium bioaccumulation. Significant correlation was observed between the following pairs of elements: Fe-Zn (r= –0.70), Mn-Cu (r= –0.74), Se-Cu (r= –0.68), Se-Mn (r= 0.82) in the muscles; Fe-Al (r= 0.99), Mn-Al (r= 0.62), Mn-Fe (r= 0.62), Se-Al (r = 0.88), Se-Fe (r= 0.87), Se-Mn (r= 0.58) in the exoskeleton and Cu-Zn (r = 0.68), Al-Cu (r= 0.88), Fe-Cu (r= 0.95) and Fe-Al (r= 0.97) in the viscera.
De senhorio colonial a território de mando: os acossamentos de Antônio Vieira de Melo no Sertão do Ararobá (Pernambuco, século XVIII)
Authors: Alveal Carmen Margarida Oliveira
Published: January 2016

RESUMO O artigo analisa a ação de um capitão, Antônio Vieira de Melo, senhor de terras, que assolou o sertão do Ararobá, em Pernambuco no século XVIII, utilizando-se de violência para coagir pessoas a tornarem-se seus vaqueiros, uma vez que se autointitulava proprietário daquelas terras. Analisam-se três aspectos: o primeiro refere-se às denúncias dos moradores contra o capitão; o segundo, ao modo como ele conseguiu apoio de indígenas para a formação de sua milícia, gerando ondas de violência e perseguições; finalmente, o terceiro, à solução das autoridades para reduzir seu poderio, com base apenas na discussão sobre a legalidade da posse de suas terras.
Growth, biomass production and ions accumulation in Atriplex nummularia Lindl grown under abiotic stress
Authors: Melo Hidelblandi F. de , Souza Edivan R. de , Almeida Brivaldo G. de , Freire Maria B. G. dos S. , Maia Fabíola E.
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT Atriplex nummularia is a halophyte of great importance in the recovery of saline soils and is considered as a model plant to study biosaline scenarios. This study aimed to evaluate biometric parameters, biomass production and the accumulation of ions in A. nummularia grown under abiotic stresses. Cultivation was carried out in a Fluvic Neosol for 100 days, adopting two water regimes: 37 and 70% of field capacity. Plants were irrigated with saline solutions containing two types of salts (NaCl and a mixture of NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and CaCl2) at six levels of electrical conductivity: 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 and 40 dS m-1, arranged in a 6 x 2 x 2 factorial with 4 replicates, forming 96 plots. At the end of the experiment, plants were divided into leaves, stem and roots, for the determination of fresh matter (FM), dry matter (DM) and estimated leaf area (LA), besides the contents of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Cl-. The type of salt did not influence plant growth or biomass production; however, it influenced the levels of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+ and Cl- in the leaves and Mg2+, K+ and Cl- in the roots. Increase in salinity reduced the contents of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and Cl- for all treatments.
Measurement of volume of macaw palm fruit using traditional and the digital Moiré techniques
Authors: Costa Anderson G. , Ribeiro Elisângela , Braga Roberto A. , Pinto Francisco A. C.
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT The macaw palm crop has been studied because of its bioenergy potential due to the high oil yield, which is linked to fruit maturity stage. Digital images have been adopted as a contactless way to obtain information about fruit surface area and volume, acting as a sensor for quality control and the classification of fruits, based on physical aspects during the maturation stage. The aim of this study was to estimate the volume of macaw palm fruits from digital models obtained by the Moiré technique using only one camera, associated with digital image-processing tools to unwarp the images, allowing the comparison with conventional methods. The volumes obtained by the Moiré technique were compared with those obtained by water displacement method (WDM) and millet-seed displacement method (SDM). The results show that the volumes measured by the Moiré technique exhibited a mean error of 13.54% compared with the SDM, and 11.09% when compared to WDM, which indicates that the digital Moiré technique is a robust, low-cost tool to measure the volume of macaw palm fruits.
Efficiency of inert mineral dusts in the control of corn weevil
Authors: Jairoce Carlos F. , Teixeira Cristiano M. , Nunes Adrise M. , Holdefer Daniela R. , Krüger Alexandra P. , Garcia Flávio R. M.
Published: January 2016

ABSTRACT Corn weevil (Sitophilus zeamais) may cause great losses in the crop and in stored corn grains. This insect is controlled with the use of chemical insecticides, which may cause serious damage to human health. One alternative of control is the use of inert dusts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of inert dusts in the control of S. zeamais under laboratory conditions. The experiment was conducted in 2014, in a completely randomized design, and the treatments consisted of basalt dust with three different granulometries (A, B and C) and diatomaceous earth, each of which at the doses of 2 and 4 kg t-1 and a control (no application). Each treatment had four replicates, and the sample unit consisted of 20 g of corn grains infected with 10 adults of S. zeamais kept in temperature-controlled chamber at 25 °C, 70% RH and photophase of 12 h. The dust efficiency was calculated using the equation of Abbott. The mortality rate was higher with the use of diatomaceous earth, reaching 100% after 5 days of exposure and the percentage of control for basalt dusts, 29 days after treatment, was above 80%.
Prevalência de perda auditiva em adolescentes e adultos jovens decorrentes de exposição a ruído social: meta-análise
Authors: Marques Ana Paula Costa , Miranda Filho Adalberto Luiz , Monteiro Gina Torres Rego
Published: January 2016

RESUMO: A exposição a ruídos no lazer de adolescentes e jovens adultos tem chamado atenção, dada a repercussão da perda auditiva nessa população. Esse estudo propôs estimar a prevalência de perda auditiva dessa população decorrentes de exposição a ruídos sociais. Foram identificados 17 artigos para análise que atenderam aos critérios de seleção, sobre os quais se observaram informações de: delineamento, faixa etária, localização, modo de avaliação e a prevalência de perda auditiva. Nos estudos autorreferidos, a prevalência foi inferior a 2%, enquanto aqueles que realizam audiometria foi de 11,5 e de 15,8%. Concluiu-se uma heterogeneidade entre a prevalência de perda auditiva autorreferida e a mensurada por exames audiométricos na população pesquisada.
Efetividade da fonoterapia no tratamento do pólipo em pregas vocais
Authors: Vasconcelos Daniela de , Gomes Adriana Oliveira de Camargo , Araújo Cláudia Marina Tavares de
Published: January 2016

RESUMO: O objetivo dessa revisão de literatura foi verificar a efetividade da fonoterapia no tratamento do pólipo em pregas vocais, a partir de levantamento bibliográfico. Foi realizada pesquisa bibliográfica na plataforma PublicMedline e nas bases de dados Scopus, Science Direct, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature e Web of Science, seguindo etapas de seleção e análise crítica dos artigos. Foram incluídos artigos originais que utilizaram a fonoterapia como tratamento para o pólipo vocal, sem restrições de data de publicação ou língua. Foram excluídos artigos que abordassem exclusivamente outros tratamentos para pólipo vocal e os que utilizaram a fonoterapia somente após a cirurgia laríngea. Foram encontrados inicialmente 905 artigos. Após as etapas de seleção, restaram nove artigos na composição final da amostra. Foram então analisados na íntegra, cadastrados por meio de protocolo previamente elaborado que contemplou autor, ano, local, tipo de estudo, amostra, classificação do pólipo, tipo de intervenção e principais resultados. Os artigos analisados apresentaram fragilidade metodológica e ausência de padronização quanto aos protocolos e procedimentos fonoaudiológicos utilizados. Foram constituídos em sua maioria por série de casos retrospectiva. A amostra dos estudos variou em relação à quantidade de participantes, tipo de lesão e tipo de pólipo. A fonoterapia para o tratamento do pólipo em pregas vocais demonstrou efetividade entre 38% e 100% nos estudos analisados, com melhores resultados em lesões pequenas e recentes.
Percepções de pais/responsáveis de crianças com desvio fonológico acerca do desvio fonológico e da terapia fonoaudiológica
Authors: Melo Roberta Michelon , Backes Fabieli Thaís , Mota Helena Bolli
Published: January 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: investigar a percepção de pais/responsáveis de crianças com desvio fonológico em relação ao próprio desvio e terapia fonoaudiológica aplicada. Métodos: a amostra foi composta por 23 pais/responsáveis de crianças com diagnóstico de desvio fonológico, atendidas em um ambulatório de Fonoaudiologia. Para a análise das entrevistas coletadas utilizou-se a Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: em síntese, merecem atenção: (a) a aceitabilidade ao atendimento fonoaudiológico, inclusive, em muitos sendo de própria iniciativa dos pais/responsáveis a procura pela fonoterapia; (b) esses referem perceber a dificuldade linguística de seus filhos, bem como, as evoluções na sua fala; (c) enumeram, com maior ocorrência, os problemas escolares e o bullying como dificuldades relacionadas ao desvio fonológicoe, também, como sua preocupação decorrente do mesmo; (d) sugerem mais frequentemente a busca pelo atendimento fonoaudiológico a outros pais; (e) dizem contribuir no ambiente familiar para com a terapia fonoaudiológica e; (f) mesmo não tão frequente, alguns mencionam ter dúvida quanto ao tempo de terapia. Conclusão: desse modo, os pais/responsáveis expuseram suas concepções acerca de sua experiência relacionada à dificuldade de fala e à terapia fonoaudiológica. Acredita-se em uma contribuição para a reflexão dos procedimentos terapêuticos adotados na fonoterapia, bem como, para o amadurecimento da relação terapeuta-paciente e terapeuta-pais. Por esse motivo, incentiva-se a inclusão e aproximação dos cuidadores na terapia, com o intuito de ampliar a adesão e contribuição desses para a superação da dificuldade de fala.
Comportamento, competência social e qualidade de vida na Doença de Huntington
Authors: Silva Caroline Stephanie da , Lindau Tâmara Andrade , Giacheti Célia Maria
Published: January 2016

RESUMO: Objetivo: investigar o comportamento, a competência social e a qualidade de vida de indivíduos com a Doença de Huntington (DH), segundo opinião de seus cuidadores. Métodos: constituíram a casuística 30 participantes, com faixa etária de 33 a 79 anos, subdivididos em dois grupos: 15 do grupo amostral (GA) diagnosticados previamente com Doença de Huntington e 15 participantes do grupo controle (GC), pareados quanto à faixa etária, gênero e classificação socioeconômica. Para avaliação destes sujeitos foram aplicados, em seus cuidadores, o Inventário Comportamental Adult Behavior Checklist e o Questionário de Qualidade de Vida WHOQOL-100. Resultados: na avaliação do comportamento e da competência social, os sujeitos do GA apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significante em relação ao GC, segundo opinião dos seus cuidadores, com escores elevados para fatores internalizantes (ansiedade, depressão, isolamento, queixas somáticas), totais de problemas e outros, como problemas do pensamento, atenção e hiperatividade. No questionário de qualidade de vida, para sujeitos com a DH também se evidenciou diferença estatisticamente significante em relação ao grupo controle, em todos os domínios (físico, psicológico, nível de independência, relações sociais, ambiente e aspectos religiosos) e na maioria dos subitens avaliados. O GA apresentou média baixa de qualidade de vida, enquanto o GC apresentou média alta. Conclusão: sujeitos com DH possuem um perfil comportamental, de competência social e qualidade de vida diferenciado e com mais alterações, em relação ao GC, segundo os cuidadores . A Doença de Huntington parece ser responsável pelo conjunto de alterações comportamentais, de competência social e de qualidade de vida, relatado pelos cuidadores.