bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Письмо нойона Замьяна астраханскому губернатору Н. А. Бекетову о планах ухода калмыков на историческую родину
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Gedeeva Daria B.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. The article introduces a 18th-century archival document ― letter addressed by Kalmyk Noyon (Landlord) Zamyan to the Governor of Astrakhan N. A. Beketov. Materials. The study examines an archival document contained in the National Archive of Kalmykia (Collection И-36). Results. The letter reports the then sentiments of Kalmyk nobility preceding the mass exodus of 1771 to ancestral lands. Surrounded by peoples differing in religion, language and traditions, the Kalmyks naturally kept identifying themselves as Asians and never gave up the idea of return, the latter having been strengthened by active colonizing policies of Russian government. Still, not all intended to leave the newly inhabited areas for a dangerous journey towards the unknown. And one of such individuals was Noyon Zamyan. His letter to the Governor expresses anxiety and wish to prevent Kalmyks from migrating backwards with the aid of Russian authorities. And more than that, the author explains why the people want to leave Russia’s borders. This precious historical document is also an essential linguistic source on mid-to-late 18th-century Kalmyk language. Conclusions. The document is a typical sample of official epistolary writing in terms of style, structure, and other details, serving a useful source for further linguistic research. It also contains important information related to actual circumstances of the 1771 exodus, and may be of certain interest for historians.
Модель буддийской космологии в «Сутре о восьми светоносных неба и земли»
Authors:   Kalmyk Scientific Center of the RAS (8, Ilishkin St., Elista 358000, Russian Federation), Mirzaeva Saglara V. , Tuvshintugs Byambajavyn ,   National University of Mongolia (mailbox no. 377, 1, Zaluuchudyn Ave., Sukhbaatar District, 210646 Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia)
Published: February 2021

The article discusses a Tibetan-Mongolian cosmological model of Buddhist universe presented in the Oirat translation of one of the most popular Buddhist ritual texts — The Sūtra of Eight Luminous of Heaven and Earth. Materials. The sūtra was translated into Oirat by Ven. Zaya Pandita Namkhaijamts at request of Princess Yum Agas in the 1650s, and is referred by scholars as a Buddhist apocrypha of Chinese origin. Nevertheless, in the literary tradition of Mongolic peoples it was always viewed as the authentic Word of the Buddha (buddhavacana). Results. The analysis of the Oirat manuscript of the sūtra shows that the model of Buddhist universe includes several components. The first one of Indian origin is related to the cosmology of classical Buddhism described in Vasubandhu’s Abhidharmakośa, including the astronomical conception of twenty-eight nakśatra constellations and nine planets, as well as some classes of beings of the Buddhist universe. The second component contains elements of Chinese astrology, such as the astrological diagram of the golden turtle, which encloses animals of the twelve-year cycle, and eight trigrams representing different elements. The last component belongs to original Tibetan mythology and includes a classification of supernatural beings co-existing with humans between heaven and earth — nāgas (Tib. klu), nyen spirits (Tib. gnyan) and spiritual lords of earth (Tib. sa bdag). Indian influence can also be traced in the classification of nāgas, the latter including eight great nāgas known in classical Buddhism, and five castes of nāgas structurally correlated with traditional Indian society. The detailed classification of the spiritual lords of earth presented in the sūtra was later included in the well-known Tibetan astrological work Vaiḍurya dkar po of Desi Sangye Gyatso. This classification represented in the Oirat translation includes some names which are absent in the Tibetan version of the sūtra (for comparative analysis the work examines a version of the sūtra included in the gZungs ’dus collection). This indicates that Ven. Zaya Pandita Namkhaijamts would also use another Tibetan version of the sūtra when making his Oirat translation.
NEUROTHEOLOGY: RELIGION IN THE FOCUS OF MODERN CULTURAL NEUROSCIENCE
Authors:   Valentin A. Bazhanov  Ulyanovsk State University, Bazhanov Valentin A.
Published: February 2021

The paper ponders over the phenomenon of religion from the standpoint of the modern neuroscience progress. The author claims that the emergence and expansion of different religions, as well as religious activity, has happened due to external (social and cultural) and internal (neurobiological) reasons. The results of neuroscience research testify to the ontogenetic sources and foundations of religion flourishing in a certain socio-cultural atmosphere. When social item grows, religion gains greater capacity to carry further expansion out. Within the society, religion plays an effective role of socialization, being the gluing factor and regulator of social relations. From the standpoint of social psychology and cultural neuroscience, the emergence of religion is conceived as the result of the process of human adaptation to the environment in which both neurophysiologic and socio-cultural factors are intertwined. The main reason is that the chances to survive of an individual in an environment that harbors a host of dangers increase significantly if he or she is a member of a particular social group and, therefore, can count upon help of its members in difficult situations...
YOGA IN TEACHINGS AND PRACTICES OF NEO-HINDUISM
Authors:   Yulia A. Uimina The University for Humanities, Uimina Yulia A.
Published: February 2021

Guru is a spiritual teacher who can help you teach the “truth” those people who need it. The presence of secret knowledge, “a holistic and clear understanding of the nature of reality” that is a feature that distinguishes a guru from a “normal” person or a simple teacher. True knowledge is realized by the spiritual teacher in revelation, in a certain experience, the authenticity of which is of no doubt, and through the sacred texts of the sruti and smriti. New Indian masters, gurus of Neo-Hinduism are modern teachers of wisdom, whose teachings are now widespread all around the world. The main aim of their teachings is enlightenment, liberation in life ( jivanmukta ), occurring through the spiritual perfection of the individual. Neo-Hinduism masters traditionally use three ways to achieve Moksha, described in Bhagavad-Gita and later Upanishads: “the path of knowledge” ( jnana-marga ), the “path of action” ( karma-marga ), “the course of true love” to God ( bhakti-marga )...
ON THE IMPROPER USE OF THE LABEL "SHAMANISM" IN EGYPTOLOGY: RETHINKING THE ROLE OF THE OPENING OF THE MOUTH RITUAL AND THE TEKENU CEREMONY IN LIGHT OF ANCESTOR WORSHIP
Authors:   RENATA SCHIAVO Leiden University, The Leiden University Institute for Area Studies, SCHIAVO RENATA
Published: February 2021

There is some debate about the existence of an “ancient Egyptian shamanism”. A number of scholars used such a label to describe religious phenomena relating to the pre and proto-dynastic religion, the Opening of the Mouth Ritual (especially scenes 9 and 10), and the Tekenu ceremony. Moreover, it is possible to identify a certain “evolutionistic” tendency in explaining the two aforementioned rituals as “living fossils” of the Archaic Period. Given That the use of terms “shaman” or “shamanism” could be problematic if applied to Ancient Egypt, the main aim of the talk is to analyze the data concerning the Opening of the Mouth Ritual scenes 9 and 10 and the Tekenu ceremony in order to understand their function in their historical and sociological context through a comparison with other documents, such as the letters to the dead, the Coffin Texts spells 30-41 and the customary laws concerning inheritance. Finally, it is suggested that both the Opening of the Mouth Ritual and the Tekenu ceremony acted as “double rites of passage”, during which not only the deceased became an ancestor, but also the main officiant of the two ceremonies, who was the elder son of the dead, could achieve a new social status as the new chief of the extended family.
THEORY OF LEVELS OF RELIGIOSITY IN CLASSICAL PHENOMENOLOGY OF RELIGION
Authors:   Tatiana S. Samarina  Institute of Philosophy of the Russian Academy of Science, Samarina Tatiana S.
Published: February 2021

The article deals with the theory of levels of religiosity proposed by one of the classics of the phenomenology of religion F. Heiler. In his works he offered a system of levels of religiosity structured from primitive to higher - mystical and prophetic - types. The article presents Heiler’s theory and summarizes the main features of the two higher types of religiosity, showing their specificity, similarities and differences. The article presents typology and distinctive features of mysticism and demonstrates that Heiler was far from uniting mysticism into a single whole. He divides mysticism in relation to feelings (hot and cold mysticism) and in relation to the mind (simple and rational-theological mysticism, which is divided into philosophical and psychological). In the final part of the article the author refers to the influences that the theory of two types of religiosity had on the works of Max Weber, Gershom Sсholem and Anna-Marie Sсhimmel.
ON THE POLITICAL RAISONS D’ETRE AND DEMOCRATIC VALUES OF CATHOLICISM
Authors:   Roman O. Reinhardt Moscow State University of International Relations (MGIMO-University), Reinhardt Roman O.
Published: February 2021

This publication presents a review of the monograph by Sardaryan G.T. “The Holy See and Democracy”. The title of the work attracts attention, first, because of the fundamental nature of its two components, and secondly, because of the non-obvious nature of the relationship between them. The monograph consists of two parts. The first part is historical, while the second part is focused on the present stage of the RCC development. The author of the publication notes that the work is written in an accessible language, is characterized by consistency and clarity of presentation of thoughts. According to the author, the book can be recommended not only to experts in the field of political science and experts in the subject matter under study, but also to a wide range of persons interested in the history and politics of the Vatican.
SOCIAL AND POLITICAL VIEWS OF NAZHMUDDIN GOTSINSKY (1859-1925)
Authors:   Imanutdin Kh. Sulaev  Daghestan State University, Sulaev Imanutdin Kh.
Published: February 2021

The author tries to analyze the socio-political views of one of the authoritative religious and public figures of the North Caucasus and Daghestan in the first quarter of the 20th century - a mufti-imam Nazhmuddin Gotsinsky basing on the published works of different years, memoirs of the participants in the revolution and the Civil War, archival documents. The author analyzes the views of N. Gotsinsky through his key speeches, sermons and proclamations of 1917-1918. Nazhmuddin Gozinsky is a famous politician and spiritual leader, chairman of the Spiritual Council of the Union of United Mountaineers of the North Caucasus and Dagestan. He was one of the leaders of the counter-revolutionary movement in Dagestan in 1917-1921. On the basis of the studied materials the author draws a conclusion that social and political and social views of Nazhmuddin Gotsinsky reflected all contradictions of the revolutionary period and tragedy of the Civil war.
THE ORIGINAL SHRINE OF HACHIMAN: TO THE QUESTION OF GENESIS OF THE HACHIMAN CULT
Authors:   Anna M. Dulina, Dulina Anna M.
Published: February 2021

This article analyses different variants of the origin of the syncretic cult of Hachiman - the god of the Eight Banners - in Japan. On the material of the “shrine chronicles” engi, such as “The history of the path to enlightenment [bodhisattva] Hachiman” (“ Hachiman go-inni engi ”, the 12th century) of Kagoshima Shrine in the south of Kyushu island and “Admonition to the stupid children about Hachiman” (“Hachiman gudo:kin”, the beginning of the 14th century) of the Ivashimizu Shrine in the capital, the process of modification of the legend about the origin of the Hachiman cult in the Kagoshima Shrine by the Chinese princess Oohirume, who gave birth to deity Hachiman from the sun's rays, as well as the incorporation of this legend into the history of the cult of the Ivashimizu Shrine, are studied. The legend about Oohirume, one of the early versions of the emergence of Hachiman, reflects the ancient beliefs of the inhabitants of the Japanese islands and contains a different variation of the Japanese imperial myth...
PARALLELS BETWEEN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGIOUS LITERATURE AND THE OLD TESTAMENT PSALMS: PSALM 103 AND "THE GREAT HYMN TO THE ATEN"
Authors:   Ksenia A. Shperl  St. Tikhon’s Orthodox University, Shperl Ksenia A.
Published: February 2021

Ever since J. Breasted pointed to the similarity between Ancient Egyptian literature and the Old Testament psalms for the first time, the issue of whether the parallels seen between these texts are an evidence of plagiarism has been widely discussed, but to no avail: while most scholars argue that the evident similarity in forms actually means the psalm authors used older texts as a source for writing their own prayers, there is no reason to accuse the Hebrews of plagiarism. The author of the article makes an attempt to analyze the similarities and differences between the two texts, and pays attention to the theological gulf that separates psalm 103 and the Great Hymn to the Aten. Despite the seeming identity of images and ideas, the analysis of the verses reveals that it is doubtful that the authors of the psalms simply rewrote ancient texts to match their religion. The difference manifests itself in the way God and Ra are described, the emphasis on the crucial role of the pharaoh, which is absent in psalm 103, the implicit meaning of night (the two images of night used are contrasting, as the Egyptian text implies that night is the time when evil dominates everything, whereas psalm 103 shows that night is just another wonder of God, and the fact that the Sun is no longer seen does not mean that God loses His power), etc...
REPRESENTATION OF PILGRIMAGE PRACTICE IN THE ELECTRONIC DIARY OF THE SPOOF: CASE STUDY
Authors:   Olga V. Khodyreva  Vyatka State University, Khodyreva Olga V.
Published: February 2021

The article presents a case study of a walking pilgrimage to the village of Velikorecki (Kirov region), which is described in an electronic diary of a participant in a mass cross-religious procession. As an object of the case study, the electronic diary gives the richest material for the study of the “exceptional case”: it is a fairly voluminous text, its author is an experienced pilgrim who not only describes in detail all that is happening, but also seeks to evaluate, comprehend events and phenomena based on his own worldview attitudes. The codification of the text on the basis of the theoretical and methodological principles of phenomenology (A. Schütz, P. Berger) made it possible to analyze the features of motivation, ritual behavior and religious experience of the nematode and build. In the mini-theory presented, it is stated that the text of the diary embodies the traditional practice of walking pilgrimage that has developed for centuries in the national culture...
SECTARIAN COLONIZATION OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS IN THE CONTEXT OF INTEGRATIVE PRACTICES OF THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE IN THE 19TH - EARLY 20TH CENTURIES (ON THE EXAMPLE OF DAGESTAN)
Authors:   Olga B. Khalidova Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of Dagestan Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Khalidova Olga B.
Published: February 2021

The article analyzes one of the aspects of the domestic Caucasian policy of the Russian Empire which facilitates the involvement of the territory and the population in the all-Russian socio-political field in this article. Resettlement policy became one of the forms of integration. The result of this practice was not only economic development of the region, but also a change in its socio-demographic background by resettling mainly the East Slavic population with the aim of strengthening the Russian component in the social structure of the population. Russian policy of settlement of the prairies regions of the North Caucasus, having the colonization in nature, has not only become one of the main factors of national, social and religious variegation of the region. One of the key components of migration was the religious aspect. Focusing on the religion of immigrants, the Russian government has contributed to the spread of not only the Orthodox religion in the region, but also the appearance here of the sectarians...
LOCAL PATTERN OF RELIGIOUS EDUCATION IN THE SECULAR STATE: ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE PECHERSKY DISTRICT OF THE PSKOVSKAYA OBLAST IN THE LATE 20TH - EARLY 21ST CENTURIES
Authors:   Olga V. Kalinina  Russian museum of ethnography, Kalinina Olga V.
Published: February 2021

The article deals with results of research on transmission of religious tradition in local community after the Second World War. The research is based on field materials collected by the author in ethnographic expeditions of 2007-2017 and archive materials. It examines the ways of transmission of religious norms and practices on the example of the population of the Pechersky District of the Pskovskaya Oblast situated outside the sphere of state atheistic ideology until 1940. First it's interpersonal communication within family (seniors-juniors) and in church (priest-parishioners). Second it's implicit influence of environment - acting churches of the Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery and sustainable reproduction of religious tradition by local population. The Soviet educational system implied predominance of social education over domestic one, but it couldn't completely exclude children from the local ecclesiastical culture; they continued to participate in many religious practices even in conditions of absence of systematic religious education. The educational resources of the Pskovo-Pechersky Monastery started to develop immediately after the democratization of society in the 1980s. In the 20th - early 21st centuries monastery functioned as important actor of religion's integration in local educational process both in form of optional catechism lessons and broader context of spiritual-ethical education.
JīVANMUKTI IN HINDU TANTRISM
Authors:   Sergei V. Pakhomov  Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Pakhomov Sergei V.
Published: February 2021

The concept of jīvanmukti, “liberation during life”, arose in Advaita Vedānta as a response to the paradigm of “disembodied” liberation (videhamukti). The condition of jīvanmukti is highly appreciated in Tantrism. The concept of jīvanmukti often includes the meanings of identification with the absolute, the supreme deity. There are different kinds of jīvanmukti, for example, active and passive ones. The state of jīvanmukti is the complete independence, highest ideal, spiritual perfection. Jīvanmukta considers the entire objective world to be a reflection of the higher Self. The status of jīvanmukta can have an ideological dimension when it is opposed to traditions that are considered ineffective in Tantra. The acquisition of jīvanmukti is primarily due to spiritual knowledge. On the one hand, knowledge is a certain state of the carrier of knowledge himself; on the other hand, it is always knowledge of “something”. Although jīvanmukti can be reached through almost all tantric practices, there is a certain gradation of the time spent on it. The man reaches liberation during life not in isolation from the world. Outwardly, jīvanmukta cannot stand out among ordinary members of society; all his uniqueness is hidden inside his consciousness.
RELIGIOUS FACTOR IN COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF INDIVIDUALISTIC AIMS OF YOUNG PEOPLE OF JAPAN AND RUSSIA
Authors:   Valery V. Gribenko  Far Eastern Federal University, Gribenko Valery V.
Published: February 2021

Topicality of the research is seen in interaction of Japan and Russia regarding the international cooperation of the Pacific Rim countries and rising of discussions timed to declared year of Japan in Russia. At the heart of the research is a comparative analysis of reception of individualism of these two cultures. The problems of the research are considered through the examination of egocentric intensions which underlie semantic crises. The researcher resorts estrangement the traditions among young people environment and voluntary solitude or withdrawal to long state of loneliness. The author analyses widespread phenomena of hikikomori which is defined as a need of individual to avoid social relations. In Russian young people society (the group below twenty years old) the adaptation of forms voluntary rejection of traditional group relations and an imitation of practices in Internet communities is becoming perceptible. The analysis of resemblances and differences of motivations of young people that orient on so to be called “western values”, factors that influence the development of studied social moods are mentioned, predictions regarding adaptations of some elements of Japanese youth culture by Russian young people at present time is made.
Impacts of climate change on human and plant nutrition and health
Authors:   Department of Planning Research Extension & Statistics (PRES), Nigeria Institute of Soil Science (NISS), Nigeria, Adiaha M. S. , Adiaha C. S. ,   The Protocol Unit, Office of the Registrar, Nigeria Institute of Soil Science (NISS), Nigeria
Published: February 2021

The impact of climate change on human and plant nutrition and health is felt worldwide. Rising atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations, temperature extremes, changes in precipitation, increases in the frequency and density of weather events, and rising sea levels confer severe direct and indirect impacts on human health. The rapid flooding, intensive drought, unpredictable heat-waves including rapid wildfire outbreak has been on the increase exacerbating various chronic diseases and intensifying global cardiovascular heat-stress. Indirect health impacts of climate change may be long-term and might progressively lead to behavioural changes. The field survey was carried out in Calabar and Obubra, where anthropometric measurement of children under five (5) years were carried out. Soil-pant visual assessment for soil-plant nutrition and health was carried out in both Obubra and Calabar. Correlation statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to analyze field data. Result of the field survey indicated that climate change can statistically (P˃0.05) damage plant-human health and nutrition. Result analysis output indicated that there exist a relationship between human-soil health/nutrition and climate change. A climatic percentage analysis relationship indicated that human nutrition/health has a (% Relationship = 77.59), plant-soil health interaction (% Relationship = 63.34) which indicated that the climatic system has a strong influence on human-plant-soil survival and sustainability. Findings of the study revealed variation in climatic element of rainfall, temperature and relative humidity of Obubra and Calabar. The study encourages mineral fertilizer application including application of organic amendment, as a targeted strategy for soil improvement to reduce malnutrition. Further aggressive implementation of scientific and traditional strategy and approaches that will enable CO2 and other greenhouse gas emission reduction have been advice for human-soil-crop health and nutrition sustainability.
Monitoring of opportunistic microflora in secondary respiratory infections of HIV-infected patients
Authors: Puzyreva L. V. , Mordyk A. V. , Rodkina L. A. , Zhitina I. V. , Timofeeva A. V.
Published: February 2021

Objective: to evaluate the results of microbiological examination of sputum of HIV-infected patients with pneumonia clinic.

Materials and methods. The analysis of microbiological results of sputum in 850 patients who were treated with pneumonia at the Infectious Clinical Hospital № 1 from 01.01.2012 to 01.01.2019.

Results and its discussion. Gram-positive cocci were recorded in sputum in patients with HIV infection in 76,7±2,2% of cases. The growth of Staph. aureus noted in 20,1±2,0% of cases and was associated with the presence of sepsis and septic pneumonia. Staphylococcus epidermidis detected in sputum in 0,5±0,4% of HIV-positive patients with angiogenic sepsis. Streptococcus pyogenes was isolated in sputum in 2,3±0,8% of patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Str. pneumoniae was detected in 2,6±0,8% of cases. A common ﬁnding in the study of sputum in patients with HIV infection were viridans group Streptococci (50,3±2,6%). Gram-negative aerobic non-spore-forming bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa was found in 5,2±1,1%, Enterococcus faecalis in 3,1±0,9% of conﬁrmed cases of pneumonia. Klebsiella pneumonia was conﬁrmed in 11,5±1,6% of patients. Microbial association was noted in 24,1±1,7% of isolates; associations in combination with Staph. aureus were more common in 54,5±4,1% of HIV-infected patients with the clinic of community-acquired pneumonia.

Conclusion. In patients with HIV infection with lung damage, it is necessary to collect biological material for microbiological examination, which will affect the further tactics of patient management.
Counterfeit/Fake and Substandard Medicines – A Global Bioethical Issue Requiring A Global Approach
Authors: Sarwar Evangel
Published: February 2021

Counterfeit drugs are a global problem and a public health hazard. Nearly 10 percent of all medicines sold worldwide are fake, leading to an estimated 100,000 deaths each year, equating to an additional economic burden of close to $200 billion annually. Counterfeit medicines also thwart public health efforts to control infectious diseases like Covid-19 and Tuberculosis and lead to the worsening of other public health crises such as anti-microbial resistance (AMR). According to the CDC, more than 2.8 million antibiotic-resistant infections in the U.S each year, with more than 35,000 people dying, have been reported. Globalization and the internet's expansion have led to the rapid spreading of poor-quality medicines due to the high demand for cheap goods and lack of access - before adequate detection and intervention are possible. Moreover, selling counterfeit medicine is more profitable with lesser penalties, even in the U.S. As a clandestine market, there is no precise magnitude of how the counterfeit-medicine market flows. The WHO is alarmed by the lack of available data to demonstrate the extent and impact of fake/substandard medicines. Controlling counterfeit drugs' availability will not be easy; however, it has become necessary to protect public and global health. Through the lens of a case in Bangladesh that demonstrates how easy it is to sell and get away with selling fake medicines in developing countries - this paper discusses how counterfeit medicines negatively contribute significantly to human lives and sufferings in developing and developed countries. No single policy will be effective based on the different issues faced on multiple fronts due to fake/substandard medicines. However, a broad-based concerted effort across the various stakeholders to combat this counterfeit drug problem and secure the global supply chain is urgently needed.
Disturbance structures canopy and understory productivity along an environmental gradient
Authors: Castorani Max , Harrer Shannon , Miller Robert , Reed Dan
Published: February 2021

Disturbances often disproportionately impact different vegetation layers
in forests and other vertically-stratified ecosystems, shaping community
structure and ecosystem function. However, disturbance-driven changes
may be mediated by environmental conditions that affect habitat quality
and species interactions. In a decade-long field experiment, we tested
how kelp forest net primary productivity (NPP) responds to repeated
canopy loss along a gradient in grazing and substrate suitability. We
discovered that habitat quality can mediate the effects of intensified
disturbance on canopy and understory NPP. Experimental pulse and press
disturbances suppressed total macroalgal NPP, but effects were strongest
in high-quality habitats that supported dense kelp canopies that were
removed by disturbance. Understory macroalgae partly compensated for
canopy NPP losses and this effect magnified with increasing habitat
quality. Disturbance-driven increases in understory NPP were still
rising after 7–10 years of disturbance, demonstrating the value of
long-term experimentation for understanding ecosystem responses to
rapidly changing disturbance regimes.
Parallel adaptations of Japanese whiting, Sillago japonica under temperature stress
Authors: Han Zhiqiang , Guo Xinyu , Liu Qun , Liu Shanshan , Zhang Zhixin , xiao shijun , Gao Tianxiang
Published: February 2021

Knowledge about the genetic adaptations of various organisms to
heterogeneous environments in the Northwestern Pacific remains poorly
understood. The mechanism by which organisms adapt to temperature in
response to climate change must be determined. We sequenced the whole
genomes of Sillago japonica individuals collected from different
latitudinal locations along the coastal waters of China and Japan to
detect the possible thermal adaptations. A total of 5.48 million single
nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from five populations revealed a
complete genetic break between the China and Japan groups. This genetic
structure was partly attributed to geographic distance and local
adaptation. Although parallel evolution within species is comparatively
rare at the DNA level, the shared natural selection genes between two
isolated populations (Zhoushan and Ise Bay/Tokyo Bay) indicated possible
parallel evolution at the genetic level induced by temperature. Our
result proved that the process of temperature selection on isolated
populations is repeatable. Additionally, the candidate genes were
functionally related to membrane fluidity in cold environments and the
cytoskeleton in high-temperature environments. These results advance our
understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying the rapid adaptations
of fish species. Projections of species distribution models suggested
that China and Japan groups may have different responses to future
climate changes: the former could expand, whereas the latter may
contract. The results of the present population genomic work expand our
understanding of genetic differentiation and adaptation to changing
environments.
D1.1 Solvers "stub" implementation of the capabilities to be delivered
Authors: Rossi R. , López I. , Soriano C.
Published: February 2021

The current deliverable describes the initial API available for the solvers. The API is intended to be based on the Kratos Multiphysics fraemework and will evolve during the project. The current deliverable describes the essential features of the interface and provides an initial working implementation to be used as a basis for the future developements. The initial implementation described here is currently operative on the master branch of Kratos. As of the end of July 2018 (moment of handing in of current deliverable) the interface is operative and is being used “in production”. Nevertheless, it still does not fully support the model serialization capabilities that are needed for pyCompSS and HyperLoom. The interface is documented in the project wiki page [wiki]. The same documentation is also presented in the current deliverable.
D4.3 Benchmarking report as tested on the available infrastructure
Authors: Karasek T. , Böhm S. , Keith B. , Amela R. , Badia R. , Rossi R. , Soriano C.
Published: February 2021

The main focus of this deliverable is testing and benchmarking the available infrastructure using the execution frameworks PyCOMPSs and HyperLoom. A selected benchmark employing the Multi Level Monte Carlo (MLMC) algorithm was run on two systems: TIER-0 (MareNostrum4) and TIER-1 (Salomon) supercomputers. In both systems, good performance scalability was achieved.
D5.2 Release of ExaQUte MLMC Python engine
Authors: Amela R. , Ayoul-Guilmard Q. , Ganesh S. , Tosi R. , Badia R. , Nobile F. , Rossi R. , Soriano C.
Published: February 2021

In this deliverable, the ExaQUte xmc library is introduced. This report is meant to serve as a supplement to the publicly release of the library. In the following sections, the ExaQUte xmc library is described along with its current and future capabilities. The structure of the library, along with its dynamic import mechanism, are described using samples of code. The algorithms behind the example files supplied with the public release are explained in detail as well.
Zeitbewusstes Projektmanagement im Personalbereich
Authors: Prollius Gunter
Published: February 2021

In diesem Buch verknüpft der Autor drei praxisrelevante Aspekte, die im beruflichen Alltag im Personalbereich einer Organisation von hoher Bedeutung sind: Zeitbewusstsein, projektorientiertes Arbeiten und personalwirtschaftliche Aufgaben. Die Berücksichtigung der Darlegungen und Empfehlungen von Gunter Prollius verbessern die Performanz des Human Resource Managements. Das Buch strukturiert sich in die Bereiche des Zeit-, des Projektmanagements und deren verknüpften Anwendung. Darüber hinaus werden die Erkenntnisse in beispielhaften Praxisfällen und Umsetzungsprojekten vertieft. Dieses Buch ist eine hervorragende Unterstützung einer effizienten, wirksamen und damit erfolgreichen Arbeit im Personalbereich.
TIME TOKEN TECHNIQUE TO IMPROVE THE STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACTIVITY AND COMMUNICATIVE COMPETENCE
Authors: Susatyo Bambang -
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT            The purpose of this research is to know the effectiveness of Cooperative  Learning Time Token towards student’s learning activity and Communicative Competence in speaking English. This research uses Classroom Action Research procedures. The research consists of two cycles, each comprises four phases, namely planning, acting, observing and reflecting. The subject of the research is the students of SMK N 2 Temanggung semester 1 2019/2020. To get data, the writer uses Brown’s Scale of Test of Spoken English. While for students’ activities, the writer uses a set of observation sheet to observe the activity of the students in class. The research reveals that the uses of Time Token technique in English class has increased the students’ Learning activities from 68 % in Pre-cycle to 78% in cycle 1 and 80 % in cycle 2. The Communicative competence in speaking English has increased from 74 to 78 in cycle 1 and 81 in cycle 2Key words : Time Token, students’ activity and students’ communicative competence
INTEGRASI POTENSI WIRAUSAHA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN CITAMAN SEBAGAI DESA WISATA
Authors: Yunita Desi , Sekarningrum Bintarsih
Published: February 2021

Pemetaan sosial ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui potensi wirausaha di Desa Citaman yang akan mendukung rencana pengembangan desa wisata di Desa Citaman. Pada kegiatan ini digunakan beberapa teknik PRA untuk dapat mengetahui potensi yang ada di Desa Citaman khususnya wirausaha, teknik tersebut diantaranya peta sketsa, transek, dan FGD. Proses pemetaan ini, menemukan beberapa potensi wirausaha yang juga berpotensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi destinasi dalam rangka mendukung pengembangan wisata desa diantaranya, perkebunan buah naga, perkebunan kopi, kolam renang, kolam pemancingan, lomba ketangkasan domba, seni tari, dan kesenian pencak silat. Kegiatan ini juga menemukan beberapa hal yang dapat menjadi penghambat. Seperti, belum tersebarnya gagasan pengembangan desa wisata ini pada seluruh masyarakat, yang berpengaruh pada masih minimnya dukungan dan partisipasi dari. Selain itu, belum adanya penyesuaian pada struktur masyarakat menjadi struktur pariwisata juga diyakini akan memberikan hambatan bagi rencana pengembangan desa wisata ini. Secara keseluruhan pemetaan ini memberikan gambaran bagi pemerintah desa Citaman sebagai acuan pengembangan desa wisata melihat dari potensi dan masalah yang ada di Desa Citaman.
PEMETAAN JARINGAN KOMUNIKASI BISNIS USAHA EKSTRAKTIF (PERTANIAN, PERIKANAN DAN PETERNAKAN)
Authors: Muttaqin Zaenal , Sukoco Iwan , Thirafi Luthfi
Published: February 2021

Kekayaan alam yang dimiliki Desa Cintaratu sangatlah berlimpah. Potensi yang dimiliki dapat menyokong sektor ekonomi/bisnis usaha ektraktif seperti pertanian, perikanan dan peternakan. Untuk mengoptimalkan potensi yang ada kita perlu memahami pola komunikasi yang dilakukan antar pelaku usaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sensus untuk mengumpulkan data terkait sumber usaha ektraktif Desa Cintaratu. Kuisioner menjadi alat yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data tersebut. Validasi dan pengumpulan data tambahan dilakukan melalui pelaksanaan Focus Group Discussion. Data digunakan untuk menyusun Peta Jaringan Komunikasi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan sebagian pelaku usaha tidak memiliki akses untuk melakukan penjualan kepada konsumen akhir serta masih terdapat calo dalam struktur komunikasi bisnis yang dilakukan. Penyuluhan terkait strategi marketing dan penggunaan teknologi terbaru diperlukan untuk mengoptimalkan potensi yang dimiliki oleh pelaku sumber usaha ektraktif di Desa Cintaratu.
PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS EKONOMI MASYARAKAT MELALUI PEMBERDAYAAN KELOMPOK USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH DI KAWASAN PANTAI UTARA DESA DOMAS KABUPATEN SERANG
Authors: Sururi Ahmad , Hasanah Budi , Mulyasih Rahmi , Firdaus Indrianti Azhar , Hasuri Hasuri , Yuliani Hera
Published: February 2021

AbstrakTujuan dari kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah memberdayakan dan meningkatkan kapasitas masyarakat desa tentang administrasi pengelolaan program; b).Meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat desa tentang sistem pemasaran terpadu; c).Mendorong peningkatan pemahaman kesadaran masyarakat terhadap KUKM. Output yang ingin dicapai dari kegiatan ini adalah meningkatnya kapasitas ekonomi masyarakat melalui pemberdayaan kelembagaan KUKM sebagai instrumen ekonomi masyarakat yang dibentuk secara swadaya. Metode kegiatan yang digunakan adalah Metode kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat yang digunakan adalah gabungan dari dua metode pemberdayaan masyarakat yaitu Participatory Rapid Appraisal (PRA) atau penilaian desa secara partisipatif dan Participatory Learning and Action (PLA) atau proses belajar/praktik secara partisipatif. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat berjalan sesuai dengan rencana yang telah ditetapkan, masyarakat memilki respon dan antusias terhadap pelatihan dan terciptanya derajat perubahan pengetahuan, sikap dan keterampilan dengan besaran nilai  67,14 dan 62,50 atau berada pada kategori cukup.Kata kunci : kapasitas ekonomi, kelompok usaha kecil
PELATIHAN KONSEP DIRI REMAJA PUTRI UNTUK MEMBANGUN PEMAHAMAN TENTANG STANDAR KECANTIKAN
Authors: Mahanani Mahvira Putri , Laraswati Dwi , Salsadilla Reva , Nabilah Hana , Wibowo Hery
Published: February 2021

Standar kecantikan merupakan fenomena yang dikonstruksikan secara sosial di masyarakat. Dari masa kemasa standarisasi tentang kecantikan ini terus berevolusi dan semakin sulit untuk orang mendefinisikan standar cantik itu sendiri, Berdasarkan hal tersebut, masih banyak masyarakat yang masih bingung atau ragu maupun rancu dengan standar ini. Kebingungan ini, khususnya terjadi pada remaja putri yang masih membangun konsep dirinya. Ketidaksiapan konsep diri indivdu atas sebuah standar kecantikan dapat berakibat pada ketidakpercayaan diri, sehingga diperlukan kiranya sebuah program yang dapat membantu remaja putri agar dapat membangun kepercayaan dirinya atas standar kecantikan yang dimiliki setiap masing-masing orang. Salah satu programnya yaitu mengikuti suatu pelatihan, pelatihan konsep diri remaja putri tentang standar kecantikan ini menggunakan metode penelitian action research yang bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman tentang beauty standard serta pentingnya konsep diri yang baik atas insecurity di setiap individu. Metode action research ini diaktualisasikan melalui webinar di platform Whatsapp group dengan 80an orang peserta yang mayoritas remaja perempuan. Pelaksanaan webinar ini, menghasilkan sejumlah manfaat bagi peserta, hal ini terlihat dari tanggapan peserta yang menyatakan bahwa dirinya menjadi lebih paham dan percaya diri dengan tampilannya sendiri karena peserta telah memahami bahwa tidak ada standar kecantikan yang baku, dan definisi dari sebuah kecantikan bersifat subjektif. Kecantikan tidak serta merta penampilan fisik saja namun ada hal lain yang menjadikan seorang individu menjadi menarik bagi orang lain baik itu karena kepribadian, kebiasaan, maupun perilaku.
PENINGKATAN IDE KREATIF DAN INOVATIF PADA DESAIN PRODUK HASIL OLAHAN DESA PAMULIHAN, KAB. SUMEDANG
Authors: Sarasi Vita , Hilmiana Hilmiana , Revinzky Muhammad Aqshel
Published: February 2021

Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Tematik Kewirausahaan merupakan kegiatan pengabdian pada masyarakat yang melibatkan mahasiswa sebagai peserta dan dosen sebagai pembimbing dengan fokus pada tema kewirausahaan. Kegiatan KKN di Desa Pamulihan, Kabupaten Sumedang selama dua minggu ini diawali dengan familiarisasi, identifikasi, implementasi dan diakhiri dengan mengadakan lokakarya untuk mengembangkan potensi masyarakat dalam bentuk seminar edukatif, yaitu Lokakarya Kewirausahaan dan Pengabdian Masyarakat. Peserta yang hadir kurang lebih sebanyak 20 orang. Permasalahan yang ditemui di Desa Pamulihan adalah kurangnya pengetahuan dan kurang optimalnya pemasaran menggunakan dunia digital, minimnya pengetahuan mengenai pengemasan produk, kurang didukungnya potensi yang melimpah dengan inisiatif yang tinggi dari masyarakat muda Desa Pamulihan. Oleh karena itu materi yang disampaikan pada lokakarya adalah desain kemasan produk, pemasaran digital, motivasi kewirausahaan berkelanjutan, harga pokok produk dan strategi marketing. Diharapkan lokakarya dan pelatihan kewirausahaan untuk masyarakat Desa Pamulihan ini dapat lebih mengembangkan keragaman variasi usaha, kemasan produk yang lebih menarik dan teknik pemasaran digital melalui berbagai media massa, sehingga dapat menambah sumber penghasilan mereka bahkan menarik investor untuk membantu pemodalan usaha.
PENYULUHAN LITERASI DIGITAL BAGI GURU-GURU SMP DI KOTA SUKABUMI
Authors: Yuliawati Susi , Suganda Dadang , Darmayanti Nani
Published: February 2021

Bagi masyarakat pengguna internet, memiliki pengetahuan dan kecakapan menggunakan teknologi digital untuk mengakses dan mengelola informasi; membangun pengetahuan baru; serta berkomunikasi dengan orang lain agar terhubung dan berpartisipasi secara efektif di masyarakat adalah suatu keharusan. Oleh karena itu,  kegiatan PPM ini berupa penyuluhan mengenai literasi digital kepada guru-guru SMP di Kota Sukabumi. Terdapat dua puluh orang guru SMPyang menjadi peserta kegiatan penyuluhan ini yang mewakili sebelas Sekolah Menengah Pertama yang berbeda di Kota Sukabumi, yaitu SMPN 1, SMPN 2, SMPN 4, SMPN 5, SMPN 6, SMPN 7, SMPN 13, SMPN 14, SMPN 15, SMPN 16, dan SMP Mardi Waluya 2. Literasi digital adalah istilah yang mengacu pada pengetahuan dan kecakapan menggunakan media digital, perangkat komonukasi, dan jaringan untuk menemukan, membuat, dan mengevaluasi informasi, serta menggunakannya secara bijak, cerdas, cermat, tepat, sehat, dan taat hukum dalam rangka menjalin interaksi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Didasari oleh konsep tersebut, kegiatan ini ditujukan untuk membantu meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kesadaran para pendidik di tingkat Sekolah Menengah Pertama tentang dampak penggunaan teknologi digital sehingga mereka dapat memanfaatkan teknologi digital secara bijak dan penuh bertanggung jawab. Selanjutnya, pengetahuan dan kesadaran tersebut dapat mereka tularkan pada para anak didik mereka. Dari kegiatan penyuluhan ini, perubahan yang tampak dari adalah peningkatan pengetahuan para peserta mengenai cara berkomunikasi yang bijak di media sosial, perbedaan berita akurat dan hoax, dan bahaya ujaran kebencian bagi keharmonisan sosial.
Learning Objects 2: Standarts, Metadatas, Repositories, &LCMS
Authors: De Giusti Laura Cristina
Published: February 2021

La presencia de objetos de aprendizaje ha generado una nueva forma de pensar acerca del contenido de aprendizaje. El contenido deja de ser un medio para la consecución de un objetivo y se convierte en un objeto con entidad propia, susceptible de ser reutilizado. La utilización de objetos de aprendizaje como recurso didáctico requiere nuevos enfoques en el diseño, en la metodología docente y en las estrategias de aprendizaje del alumno
IMPLEMENTASI PASAL 82 UU NO. 7 TAHUN. 1989 JIS UU NO. 3 TAHUN. 2006 JIS UU NO. 50 TAHUN 2009 PADA PERKARA PERCERAIAN (STUDI KASUS PADA PENGADILAN AGAMA KLAS 1. A PALU)
Authors: Mirwan Ahmad
Published: February 2021

This study aims to provide knowledge and understanding of the implementation of article 82 of Law no. 7 of 1989 JIS Law No. 3 of 2006 Law no. 50 of 2009 in divorce cases in Class I A Palu Religious Court, and how the efforts and solutions of Class I A Palu Religious Court in dealing with divorce. This research was designed using a type of field research, using a qualitative approach. After analyzing the research data, the final step of this research is checking the validity of the data with a view to proving that the research is truly valid. Results obtained from research in the Religious Courts concerning Implementation of article 82 of Law, no. 7 years. 1989 JIS Act. No. 3 years 2006 Law No. 50 years. 2009 concerning divorce cases is mandatory because it is a necessity to run it and has been implemented well as evidenced by existing data. The solution in dealing with divorce cases is to mediate and make trainings for judges to better understand the various cases in divorce.
WAJAH PANGAN ASIA TIMUR DALAM SELIMUT NEOLIBERALISME STUDI KASUS : CINA
Authors: Utaminingsih Nur
Published: February 2021

The globalizations era, in which every side that involve directly or indirectly always getting encourage even force to build the target, generally, are to be develop country. The 20th century is the era where the actor of international relations was introduced to the new term, some new recipe with the big offers to develop. The recipes that are very influence and became hidden agenda almost happen in every international interactions called neoliberalism. Keywords: Neoliberalism, Food Crisis, Developmentalis
UNDERSTANDING JUCHE IDEOLOGY THROUGH PSYCHOLOGY OF PEACE AND CONFLICT IN NORTH KOREA
Authors: Makhroja Mega Nisfa
Published: February 2021

This paper examined moral justification due to Juche's ideology in North Korea as the main reason for the survival of the authoritarian regime and caused violence. By using Moral Justification analysist from Psychology of peace and conflict, this paper explain how Juche Ideology affected to Violence, How intervention toward north Korean Conflict from international society, and possible scenario to implemented in North Korea. However, North Korean conflict not only affected their national issue, but also international level. High number of Human Right Violation in this country can be understood by psychological of peace and conflict studies.
KERJA SAMA AMERIKA SERIKAT DAN RUSIA DI ANGKASA LUAR: PERSPEKTIF RUSIA
Authors: Anggraini Ajeng Novia
Published: February 2021

This paper analyzes the U.S.-Russia cooperation of space security as two superpowers in the form of the ISS program. Most of the previous articles on this topic only explained the background of the ISS project and the process of Russia joining this project. U.S and Rusia have a “high intention” relationship during the Cold War. Even today the United States and Russia are still at odds with many things. This article uses theory of international cooperation that can explain the reasons behind Russia joint the ISS project carried out by the United States. This article shows that the reasons behind Russia's joining the ISS program are more practical than idealistic considering that Russia has interests that must be fulfilled since the country is the successor to the Soviet space project.