bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The challenges and opportunities in developing empowerment programs for communities living surrounding the forest with special purposes
Authors: Suryandari R T , Agustina A , Wicaksono R L
Published: May 2021

Forest with Special Purpose (FwSP) is the type of forest management in Indonesia, which involves a university or training center as the main caretaker. FwSP is specifically designated to advance forestry’s research and development, education, and training in Indonesia. This article aims at mapping the problems the management of FwSP facing in dealing with the communities living surrounding the FwSP. It requires strong collaboration between local people and the FwSP to ensure that FwSP is able to preserve forest sustainability. The research utilizing mix method to collect the data from all universities FwSPs in Java Island, through online questionnaires and in-depth interviews with the directors of FwSP. The findings show FsWP face medium to serious challenges with regard to creating cooperation with local people. While all FwSP has created and implemented community development programs, building strong cooperation with local people is perceived to still require a long way to go to succeed. Most of FwSP targeted the activities to improve the quality of life i.e. alternative sources of income for local people. Developing local tourism with FwSP as the destination and involving local in developing the destination is one main long-term program agreed upon by the majority of FwSP directors.
Community-based tourism: natural resource management to improve social resilience in Pasir Eurih Village
Authors: Rachmawati V , Widodo J S , Wijaya M E , Hirawan F B
Published: May 2021

This article analyzes the challenges and opportunities of Community-Based Tourism (CBT) in Pasir Eurih Village, which is the oldest village in Bogor Regency that has a lot of cultural tourism potentials. to improve social resilience. Moreover, this research incorporated qualitative methods using interviews and document analysis by integrating the Quadruple Helix concept. In addition, the Quadruple Helix concept is an approach comprising four elements, namely academic, government, industry, and local community, which need to be synergized with each other. As a result, the local communities in Pasir Eurih village were the most involved party in developing communal welfare through their tourism programs. It was also found that the government’s guidance is not yet in accordance with the necessity of the village community and the program assistance is more top-down. Therefore, this study recommends all the four stakeholders to play their own parts without disregarding the internal communication among the actors to make the villages independent and resilient.
A comparison of metabolic labeling and statistical methods to infer genome-wide dynamics of RNA turnover
Authors: Boileau Etienne , Altmüller Janine , Naarmann-de Vries Isabel S , Dieterich Christoph
Published: May 2021

Metabolic labeling of newly transcribed RNAs coupled with RNA-seq is being increasingly used for genome-wide analysis of RNA dynamics. Methods including standard biochemical enrichment and recent nucleotide conversion protocols each require special experimental and computational treatment. Despite their immediate relevance, these technologies have not yet been assessed and benchmarked, and no data are currently available to advance reproducible research and the development of better inference tools. Here, we present a systematic evaluation and comparison of four RNA labeling protocols: 4sU-tagging biochemical enrichment, including spike-in RNA controls, SLAM-seq, TimeLapse-seq and TUC-seq. All protocols are evaluated based on practical considerations, conversion efficiency and wet lab requirements to handle hazardous substances. We also compute decay rate estimates and confidence intervals for each protocol using two alternative statistical frameworks, pulseR and GRAND-SLAM, for over 11 600 human genes and evaluate the underlying computational workflows for their robustness and ease of use. Overall, we demonstrate a high inter-method reliability across eight use case scenarios. Our results and data will facilitate reproducible research and serve as a resource contributing to a fuller understanding of RNA biology.
Sperm migration, selection, survival, and fertilizing ability in the mammalian oviduct
Authors: Mahé Coline , Zlotkowska Aleksandra Maria , Reynaud Karine , Tsikis Guillaume , Mermillod Pascal , Druart Xavier , Schoen Jennifer , Saint-Dizier Marie
Published: May 2021

In vitro fertilization (IVF) gives rise to embryos in a number of mammalian species and is currently widely used for assisted reproduction in humans and for genetic purposes in cattle. However, the rate of polyspermy is generally higher in vitro than in vivo and IVF remains ineffective in some domestic species like pigs and horses, highlighting the importance of the female reproductive tract for gamete quality and fertilization. In this review, the way the female environment modulates sperm selective migration, survival, and acquisition of fertilizing ability in the oviduct is being considered under six aspects: (1) the utero-tubal junction that selects a sperm sub-population entering the oviduct; (2) the presence of sperm binding sites on luminal epithelial cells in the oviduct, which prolong sperm viability and plays a role in limiting polyspermic fertilization; (3) the contractions of the oviduct, which promote sperm migration toward the site of fertilization in the ampulla; (4) the regions of the oviduct, which play different roles in regulating sperm physiology and interactions with oviduct epithelial cells; (5) the time of ovulation, and (6) the steroid hormonal environment which regulates sperm release from the luminal epithelial cells and facilitates capacitation in a finely orchestrated manner.
Pharmacological inhibition of adipose tissue adipose triglyceride lipase by Atglistatin prevents catecholamine-induced myocardial damage
Authors: Thiele Arne , Luettges Katja , Ritter Daniel , Beyhoff Niklas , Smeir Elia , Grune Jana , Steinhoff Julia S , Schupp Michael , Klopfleisch Robert , Rothe Michael , Wilck Nicola , Bartolomaeus Hendrik , Migglautsch Anna K , Breinbauer Rolf , Kershaw Erin E , Grabner Gernot F , Zechner Rudolf , Kintscher Ulrich , Foryst-Ludwig Anna
Published: May 2021

Aims

Heart failure (HF) is characterized by an overactivation of β-adrenergic signalling that directly contributes to impairment of myocardial function. Moreover, β-adrenergic overactivation induces adipose tissue lipolysis, which may further worsen the development of HF. Recently, we demonstrated that adipose tissue-specific deletion of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) prevents pressure-mediated HF in mice. In this study, we investigated the cardioprotective effects of a new pharmacological inhibitor of ATGL, Atglistatin, predominantly targeting ATGL in adipose tissue, on catecholamine-induced cardiac damage.

Methods and results

Male 129/Sv mice received repeated injections of isoproterenol (ISO, 25 mg/kg BW) to induce cardiac damage. Five days prior to ISO application, oral Atglistatin (2 mmol/kg diet) or control treatment was started. Two and twelve days after the last ISO injection cardiac function was analysed by echocardiography. The myocardial deformation was evaluated using speckle-tracking-technique. Twelve days after the last ISO injection, echocardiographic analysis revealed a markedly impaired global longitudinal strain, which was significantly improved by the application of Atglistatin. No changes in ejection fraction were observed. Further studies included histological-, WB-, and RT-qPCR-based analysis of cardiac tissue, followed by cell culture experiments and mass spectrometry-based lipidome analysis. ISO application induced subendocardial fibrosis and a profound pro-apoptotic cardiac response, as demonstrated using an apoptosis-specific gene expression-array. Atglistatin treatment led to a dramatic reduction of these pro-fibrotic and pro-apoptotic processes. We then identified a specific set of fatty acids (FAs) liberated from adipocytes under ISO stimulation (palmitic acid, palmitoleic acid, and oleic acid), which induced pro-apoptotic effects in cardiomyocytes. Atglistatin significantly blocked this adipocytic FA secretion.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates cardioprotective effects of Atglistatin in a mouse model of catecholamine-induced cardiac damage/dysfunction, involving anti-apoptotic and anti-fibrotic actions. Notably, beneficial cardioprotective effects of Atglistatin are likely mediated by non-cardiac actions, supporting the concept that pharmacological targeting of adipose tissue may provide an effective way to treat cardiac dysfunction.
Ultrasound contrast agent hypersensitivity in patients allergic to polyethylene glycol: position statement by the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging
Authors: Senior Roxy , Lindner Jonathan R. , Edvardsen Thor , Cosyns Bernard
Published: May 2021

The Food and Drug Administration alert enhances our understanding of the mechanism of severe reactions to ultrasound-enhancing agents (UEAs). The known incidence of these reactions remains low and unchanged (1 in 10 000 administrations). Because the risk-to-benefit ratio for ultrasound contrast agents (UCAs) remains extremely low, we do not advise any changes to laboratory policy regarding indications for their use. The use of these agents should continue in situations where they have been shown to be impactful. Lipid-based UCAs (SonoVue and Luminity) are contraindicated in patients who have a history of prior hypersensitivity to these UEAs, to polyethylene glycol (PEG) (macrogol), or to PEG-containing products, such as certain bowel preps for colonoscopy or laxatives.
mRNA and long non-coding RNA expression profiling of human periodontal ligament cells under tension loading
Authors: Lin Yifan , Cheng Tianfan , Zhu Shaoyue , Gu Min , Jin Lijian , Yang Yanqi
Published: May 2021

Objective

This study explored the expression profiles of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in human periodontal ligament (PDL) cells subjected to tensile loading.

Methods

PDL cells were isolated from the teeth of five healthy individuals, cultured and then exposed to tensile loading. RNA sequencing was performed to explore the mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles with or without tensile loading. Differential expression, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were conducted to reveal enriched biological functions and signal transduction pathways. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to validate the expression of specific mRNAs and lncRNAs associated with the enriched pathways.

Results

Tensile loading significantly enhanced the osteogenic potential of PDL cells. Overall, 1438 mRNAs (860 up- and 578 down-regulated) and 195 lncRNAs (107 up- and 88 down-regulated) were differentially expressed (adjusted P-value <0.05) in the tensile loading group versus the control group. GO and KEGG analyses of the differentially expressed genes indicated significant enrichment in osteogenesis-related biological processes and intracellular signal transduction pathways (e.g. the PI3K–Akt pathway), respectively. The qPCR analysis validated the expression levels of five selected mRNAs (EGFR, FGF5, VEGFA, HIF1A, and FOXO1) and three selected lncRNAs (CYTOR, MIR22HG, and SNHG3).

Limitation

Further studies are warranted to validate the mechanisms regulating tension-induced bone remodelling in PDL cells and potential regulation by the identified lncRNAs.

Conclusion

The notably altered mRNA and lncRNA expression profiles in PDL cells under tensile loading enhance our mechanistic understanding of tension-induced osteogenesis.
Leadless left ventricular endocardial pacing for CRT upgrades in previously failed and high-risk patients in comparison with coronary sinus CRT upgrades
Authors: Sidhu Baldeep Singh , Sieniewicz Benjamin , Gould Justin , Elliott Mark K , Mehta Vishal S , Betts Timothy R , James Simon , Turley Andrew J , Butter Christian , Seifert Martin , Boersma Lucas V A , Riahi Sam , Neuzil Petr , Biffi Mauro , Diemberger Igor , Vergara Pasquale , Arnold Martin , Keane David T , Defaye Pascal , Deharo Jean-Claude , Chow Anthony , Schilling Richard , Behar Jonathan M , Leclercq Christophe , Auricchio Angelo , Niederer Steven A , Rinaldi Christopher A
Published: May 2021

Aims

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) upgrades may be less likely to improve following intervention. Leadless left ventricular (LV) endocardial pacing has been used for patients with previously failed CRT or high-risk upgrades. We compared procedural and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing coronary sinus (CS) CRT upgrades with high-risk and previously failed CRT upgrades undergoing LV endocardial upgrades.

Method and results

Prospective consecutive CS upgrades between 2015 and 2019 were compared with those undergoing WiSE-CRT implantation. Cardiac resynchronization therapy response at 6 months was defined as improvement in clinical composite score (CCS) and a reduction in LV end-systolic volume (LVESV) ≥15%. A total of 225 patients were analysed; 121 CS and 104 endocardial upgrades. Patients receiving WiSE-CRT tended to have more comorbidities and were more likely to have previous cardiac surgery (30.9% vs. 16.5%; P = 0.012), hypertension (59.2% vs. 34.7%; P < 0.001), chronic obstructive airways disease (19.4% vs. 9.9%; P = 0.046), and chronic kidney disease (46.4% vs. 21.5%; P < 0.01) but similar LV ejection fraction (30.0 ± 8.3% vs. 29.5 ± 8.6%; P = 0.678). WiSE-CRT upgrades were successful in 97.1% with procedure-related mortality in 1.9%. Coronary sinus upgrades were successful in 97.5% of cases with a 2.5% rate of CS dissection and 5.6% lead malfunction/displacement. At 6 months, 91 WiSE-CRT upgrades and 107 CS upgrades had similar improvements in CCS (76.3% vs. 68.5%; P = 0.210) and reduction in LVESV ≥15% (54.2% vs. 56.3%; P = 0.835).

Conclusion

Despite prior failed upgrades and high-risk patients with more comorbidities, WiSE-CRT upgrades had high rates of procedural success and similar improvements in CCS and LV remodelling with CS upgrades.
Genomic Rearrangements and Sequence Evolution across Brown Algal Organelles
Authors: Starko Samuel , Bringloe Trevor T , Soto Gomez Marybel , Darby Hayley , Graham Sean W , Martone Patrick T
Published: May 2021

Organellar genomes serve as useful models for genome evolution and contain some of the most widely used phylogenetic markers, but they are poorly characterized in many lineages. Here, we report 20 novel mitochondrial genomes and 16 novel plastid genomes from the brown algae. We focused our efforts on the orders Chordales and Laminariales but also provide the first plastid genomes (plastomes) from Desmarestiales and Sphacelariales, the first mitochondrial genome (mitome) from Ralfsiales and a nearly complete mitome from Sphacelariales. We then compared gene content, sequence evolution rates, shifts in genome structural arrangements, and intron distributions across lineages. We confirm that gene content is largely conserved in both organellar genomes across the brown algal tree of life, with few cases of gene gain or loss. We further show that substitution rates are generally lower in plastid than mitochondrial genes, but plastomes are more variable in gene arrangement, as mitomes tend to be colinear even among distantly related lineages (with exceptions). Patterns of intron distribution across organellar genomes are complex. In particular, the mitomes of several laminarialean species possess group II introns that have T7-like ORFs, found previously only in mitochondrial genomes of Pylaiella spp. (Ectocarpales). The distribution of these mitochondrial introns is inconsistent with vertical transmission and likely reflects invasion by horizontal gene transfer between lineages. In the most extreme case, the mitome of Hedophyllum nigripes is ∼40% larger than the mitomes of close relatives because of these introns. Our results provide substantial insight into organellar evolution across the brown algae.
Robustness and repeatability of GlycoWorks RapiFluor-MS IgG N-glycan profiling in a long-term high-throughput glycomic study
Authors: Deriš Helena , Cindrić Ana , Lauber Matthew , Petrović Tea , Bielik Alicia , Taron Christopher H , van Wingerden Marleen , Lauc Gordan , Trbojević-Akmačić Irena
Published: May 2021

Protein glycosylation is the attachment of a carbohydrate moiety to a protein backbone affecting both structure and function of the protein. Abnormal glycosylation is associated with various diseases, and some of the changes in glycosylation are detectable even before symptom development. As such, glycans have emerged as compelling new biomarker candidates. A wide range of analytical methods exist for small-scale glycan analyses. However, there is a growing need for highly robust and reproducible high-throughput techniques that allow for large-scale glycoprofiling. Here, we describe the evaluation of robustness and repeatability of immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycan analysis using the GlycoWorks RapiFluor-MS N-Glycan Kit followed by hydrophilic interaction ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (HILIC-UHPLC) from 335 technical replicates of human plasma randomly distributed across 67 96-well plates. The data was collected over a 5-month period using multiple UHPLC systems and chromatographic columns. Following relative IgG N-glycan quantification in acquired chromatograms, data analysis showed that the most abundant peaks that together made up for three-fourths of the detected IgG N-glycome all had coefficients of variation (CVs) lower than 2%. The highest CVs ranging from 16 to 29% accompanied low abundance glycan peaks with the individual relative peak area below 1% that together made up for <2% of the detected IgG N-glycome. These results show that the tested method is very robust and repeatable, making it suitable for the IgG N-glycan analysis of a large number of samples in a high-throughput manner over a longer period of time.
Strategies of inorganic and organic trace mineral supplementation in gestating hyperprolific sow diets: effects on the offspring performance and fetal programming
Authors: Villagómez-Estrada Sandra , Pérez José F , van Kuijk Sandra , Melo-Durán Diego , Forouzandeh Asal , Gonzalez-Solè Francesc , D’Angelo Matilde , Pérez-Cano Francisco J , Solà-Oriol David
Published: May 2021

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of trace mineral nutrition on sow performance, mineral content, and intestinal gene expression of neonate piglets when inorganic mineral sources (ITM) were partially replaced by their organic mineral (OTM) counterparts. At 35 d postmating, under commercial conditions, a total of 240 hyperprolific multiparous sows were allocated into three experimental diets: 1) ITM: with Zn, Cu, and Mn at 80, 15, and 60 mg/kg, respectively; 2) partial replacement trace mineral source (Replace): with a 30 % replacement of ITM by OTM, resulting in ITM + OTM supplementation of Zn (56 + 24 mg/kg), Cu (10.5 + 4.5 mg/kg), and Mn (42 + 18 mg/kg); and 3) Reduce and replace mineral source (R&R): reducing a 50% of the ITM source of Zn (40 + 24 mg/kg), Cu (7.5 + 4.5 mg/kg), and Mn (30 + 18 mg/kg). At farrowing, 40 piglets were selected, based on birth weight (light: <800 g, and average: >1,200 g), for sampling. Since the present study aimed to reflect results under commercial conditions, it was difficult to get an equal parity number between the experimental diets. Overall, no differences between experimental diets on sow reproductive performance were observed. Light piglets had a lower mineral content (P < 0.05) and a downregulation of several genes (P < 0.10) involved in physiological functions compared with their average littermates. Neonate piglets born from Replace sows had an upregulation of genes involved in functions like immunity and gut barrier, compared with those born from ITM sows (P < 0.10), particularly in light piglets. In conclusion, the partial replacement of ITM by their OTM counterparts represents an alternative to the totally inorganic supplementation with improvements on neonate piglet gene expression, particularly in the smallest piglets of the litter. The lower trace mineral storage together with the greater downregulation of gut health genes exposed the immaturity and vulnerability of small piglets.
Minimal Effects of Intravenous Administration of Xenogeneic Adipose Derived Stem Cells on Organ Function in a Porcine 40% TBSA Burn Model
Authors: Heard Tiffany C , Gómez Belinda I , Saathoff Micaela E , Duarte Jamila , Dubick Michael A , Bynum James A , Christy Robert J , Burmeister David M
Published: May 2021

Adipose stem cells (ASCs) have shown therapeutic promise for various conditions, including burn injury. While ASCs have immunomodulatory properties, concerns exist over pro-coagulant activity after intravenous (IV) administration. In the present study, we examined IV human ASC delivery in terms of coagulation, organ function, and inflammation in a 40% total body surface area (TBSA) swine burn model. Anesthetized female Yorkshire swine were burned and randomized to receive 15 ml/kg Lactated Ringer’s containing: no ASCs; a low dose (5 × 105 ASCs/kg); or a high dose (5 × 106 ASCs/kg). For biochemical analysis, blood was collected at baseline (BL), 3, 6, 12, and 24 h post-burn, while kidney and liver tissue was collected post-euthanasia. A significant, but transient, effect of ASCs was seen on prothrombin times and INR, wherein low doses revealed slight hypercoagulation. Burns increased partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, and d-dimer levels, which was unchanged with ASC administration. ASCs tended to exacerbate increases in bilirubin at 3 h, but this didn’t reach statistical significance. A significant effect of ASCs on creatinine and BUN was seen, wherein low doses elevated levels at 24 h (creatinine, P = 0.0012; BUN, P = 0.0195). Hepatic and renal TUNEL staining were similar for all groups. A dose-dependent decrease in IL-8 was observed, while low doses significantly increased IL-1RA at 3h (P = 0.050), IL-12 at 12h (P = 0.021) and IL-6 at 24 h post-burn (P = 0.035). IV administration of xenogeneic ASCs slightly increased coagulation, but effects on burn-induced renal and hepatic dysfunction effects were minimal. Despite some significant immunomodulation, organ dysfunction effects were modest. Collectively, this study provides evidence to be skeptical about xenogeneic ASC administration in regards to burns.
Homeless Tent Fires: A Descriptive Analysis of Tent Fires in the Homeless Population
Authors: Huang Samantha , Choi Katherine J , Pham Christopher H , Collier Zachary J , Dang Justin M , Kiwanuka Harriet , Sheckter Clifford C , Yenikomshian Haig A , Gillenwater Justin
Published: May 2021

Tent fires are a growing issue in regions with large homeless populations given the rise in homelessness within the United States and existing data that suggest worse outcomes in this population. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics and outcomes of tent fire burn injuries in the homeless population. A retrospective review was conducted involving two verified regional burn centers with patients admitted for tent fire burns between January 2015 and December 2020. Variables recorded include demographics, injury characteristics, hospital course, and patient outcomes. Sixty-nine patients met the study inclusion criteria. The most common mechanisms of injury were by portable stove accident, assault, and tobacco or methamphetamine related. Median percent total body surface area (%TBSA) burned was 6% (interquartile range [IQR] 9%). Maximum depth of injury was partial thickness in 65% (n = 45) and full thickness in 35% (n = 24) of patients. Burns to the upper and lower extremities were present in 87% and 54% of patients, respectively. Median hospital length of stay (LOS) was 10 days (IQR = 10.5) and median ICU LOS was 1 day (IQR = 5). Inhalation injury was present in 14% (n = 10) of patients. Surgical intervention was required in 43% (n = 30) of patients, which included excision, debridement, skin grafting, and escharotomy. In-hospital mortality occurred in 4% (n = 3) of patients. Tent fire burns are severe enough to require inpatient and ICU level of care. A high proportion of injuries involved the extremities and pose significant barriers to functional recovery in this vulnerable population. Strategies to prevent these injuries are paramount.
Combined endoscopic and mini-open repair of chronic complete proximal hamstring tendon avulsion: a novel approach and short-term outcomes
Authors: Factor Shai , Khoury Amal , Atzmon Ran , Vidra Matias , Amar Eyal , Rath Ehud
Published: May 2021

To evaluate the outcome of a novel, combined endoscopic and mini-open repair (CEMR) of a chronic complete retracted proximal hamstring tendon avulsion (PHA). A retrospective case series of a single-surgeon database for all patients, with a minimum of 1-year follow-up, who underwent CEMR between July 2015 and September 2019 was performed. Patients were evaluated for their functional outcome using the Perth Hamstring Assessment Tool (PHAT). At the latest follow-up, patients were evaluated for their muscle strength, subjective satisfaction and post-operative complications. Twelve patients who underwent endoscopic surgery for chronic PHA were identified, of which seven patients underwent CEMR. After exclusion of one patient from the study due to an open claim for health insurance, six patients (five males) with a mean age of 48 years (range 20–61 years) were evaluated. The mean time from injury to surgery was 12 months (range 2–43 months). At a mean follow-up of 28 months (range 12–55 months), the average PHAT score was 73 (range 70–80). The mean subjective activity level percentage improved from 34 (range 20–50) pre-surgery to 81 (range 75–90) post-surgery. The mean strength of the quadriceps, hamstring at 30°, and hamstring at 90° of the operated leg compared to the uninjured leg did not differ significantly. One patient underwent adhesiolysis 1 year after the index procedure for treatment of subcutaneous adhesions. CEMR is a viable and safe option for the treatment of chronic complete proximal hamstring tears, with good to excellent short-term functional outcome. Level of evidence: IV.
Prognostic and Predictive Impact of Primary Tumor Sidedness for Previously Untreated Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Yin Jun , Cohen Romain , Jin Zhaohui , Liu Heshan , Pederson Levi , Adams Richard , Grothey Axel , Maughan Timothy S , Venook Alan , Van Cutsem Eric , Punt Cornelis , Koopman Miriam , Falcone Alfredo , Tebbutt Niall C , Seymour Matthew T , Bokemeyer Carsten , Rubio Eduardo Diaz , Kaplan Richard , Heinemann Volker , Chibaudel Benoist , Yoshino Takayuki , Zalcberg John , Andre Thierry , De Gramont Aimery , Shi Qian , Lenz Heinz-Josef
Published: May 2021

Background

Unplanned subgroup analyses from several studies have suggested primary tumor sidedness (PTS) as a potential prognostic and predictive parameter in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). We aimed to investigate the impact of PTS on outcomes of mCRC patients.

Methods

PTS data of 9277 mCRC patients from 12 first-line randomized trials in the ARCAD database were pooled. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were assessed using Kaplan-Meier and Cox models adjusting for age, sex, performance status, prior radiation/chemotherapy, and stratified by treatment arm. Predictive value was tested by interaction term between PTS and treatment (cetuximab plus chemotherapy vs chemotherapy alone). All statistical tests were 2-sided.

Results

Compared with right-sided metastatic colorectal cancer patients (n = 2421, 26.1%), left-sided metastatic colorectal cancer patients (n = 6856, 73.9%) had better OS (median = 21.6 vs 15.9 months; adjusted hazard ratio [HRadj] = 0.71, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.67 to 0.76; P < .001) and PFS (median = 8.6 vs 7.5 months; HRadj = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.84; P < .001). Interaction between PTS and KRAS mutation was statistically significant (Pinteraction < .001); left-sidedness was associated with better prognosis among KRAS wild-type (WT) (OS HRadj = 0.59, 95% CI = 0.53 to 0.66; PFS HRadj =0.68, 95% CI = 0.61 to 0.75) but not among KRAS mutated tumors. Among KRAS-WT tumors, survival benefit from anti-EGFR was confirmed for left-sidedness (OS HRadj = 0.85, 95% CI = 0.75 to 0.97; P = .01; PFS HRadj = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.67 to 0.88; P < .001) but not for right-sidedness.

Conclusions

The prognostic value of PTS is restricted to the KRAS-WT population. PTS is predictive of anti-EGFR efficacy, with a statistically significant improvement of survival for left-sidedness mCRC patients. These results suggest treatment choice in mCRC should be based on both PTS and KRAS status.
Head Face and Neck Surgical Workload From a Contemporary Military Role 3 Medical Treatment Facility
Authors: Breeze John , Gensheimer William , Berg Craig , Sarber Kathleen M
Published: May 2021

Introduction

Previous analyses of head, face, and neck (HFN) surgery in the deployed military setting have focused on the treatment of injuries using trauma databases. Little has been written on the burden of disease and the requirement for follow-up care. The aim of this analysis was to provide the most comprehensive overview of surgical workload in a contemporary role 3 MTF to facilitate future planning.

Method

The operating room database and specialty surgical logbooks from a U.S.-led role 3 MTF in Afghanistan were analyzed over a 5-year period (2016-2020). These were then matched to the deployed surgical TC2 database to identify reasons for treatment and a return to theatre rate. Operative records were finally matched to the deployed Armed Forces Health Longitudinal Technology Application-Theater outpatient database to determine follow up frequency.

Results

During this period, surgical treatment to the HFN represented 389/1989 (19.6%) of all operations performed. Surgery to the HFN was most commonly performed for battle injury (299/385, 77.6%) followed by disease (63/385, 16%). The incidence of battle injury-related HFN cases varied markedly across each year, with 117/299 (39.1%) being treated in the three summer months (June to August). The burden of disease, particularly to the facial region, remained constant throughout the period analyzed (mean of 1 case per month).

Conclusions

Medical planning of the surgical requirements to treat HFN pathology is primarily focused on battle injury of coalition service personnel. This analysis has demonstrated that the treatment of disease represented 16% of all HFN surgical activities. The presence of multiple HFN sub-specialty surgeons prevented the requirement for multiple aeromedical evacuations of coalition service personnel which may have affected mission effectiveness as well as incurring a large financial burden. The very low volume of surgical activity demonstrated during certain periods of this analysis may have implications for the maintenance of surgical competencies for subspecialty surgeons.
MeerKAT-64 discovers wide-spread tidal debris in the nearby NGC 7232 galaxy group
Authors: Namumba B , Koribalski B S , Józsa G I G , Lee-Waddell K , Jones M G , Carignan C , Verdes-Montenegro L , Ianjamasimanana R , de Blok W J G , Cluver M , Garrido J , Sánchez-Expósito S , Ramaila A J T , Thorat K , Andati L A L , Hugo B V , Kleiner D , Kamphuis P , Serra P , Smirnov O M , Maccagni F M , Makhathini S , Molnár D Cs , Perkins S , Ramatsoku M , White S V , Loi F
Published: May 2021

We report the discovery of large amounts of previously undetected cold neutral atomic hydrogen (H i) around the core triplet galaxies in the nearby NGC 7232 galaxy group with MeerKAT. With a physical resolution of ∼1 kpc, we detect a complex web of low-surface-brightness H i emission down to a 4σ column density level of ∼1 × 1019 cm−2 (over 44  km s−1). The newly discovered H i streams extend over ∼20 arcmin corresponding to 140 kpc in projection. This is approximately three times the H i extent of the galaxy triplet (52 kpc). The H i debris has an H i mass of ∼6.6 × 109 M⊙, more than 50 per cent of the total H i mass of the triplet. Within the galaxy triplet, NGC 7233 and NGC 7232 have lost a significant amount of H i while NGC 7232B appears to have an excess of H i. The H i deficiency in NGC 7232 and NGC 7233 indicates that galaxy–galaxy interaction in the group concentrates on this galaxy pair while the other disc galaxies have visited them over time. In comparison to the AMIGA sample of isolated galaxies, we find that with regards to its total H i mass the NGC 7232/3 galaxy triplet is not H i-deficient. Despite the many interactions associated to the triplet galaxies, no H i seems to have been lost from the group (yet).
The centres of M83 and the Milky Way: opposite extremes of a common star formation cycle
Authors: Callanan Daniel , Longmore Steven N , Kruijssen J M Diederik , Schruba Andreas , Ginsburg Adam , Krumholz Mark R , Bastian Nate , Alves João , Henshaw Jonathan D , Knapen Johan H , Chevance Mélanie
Published: May 2021

In the centres of the Milky Way and M83, the global environmental properties thought to control star formation are very similar. However, M83’s nuclear star formation rate (SFR), as estimated by synchrotron and H α emission, is an order of magnitude higher than the Milky Way’s. To understand the origin of this difference we use ALMA observations of HCN (1 − 0) and HCO+ (1 − 0) to trace the dense gas at the size scale of individual molecular clouds (0.54 arcsec, 12 pc) in the inner ∼500 pc of M83, and compare this to gas clouds at similar resolution and galactocentric radius in the Milky Way. We find that both the overall gas distribution and the properties of individual clouds are very similar in the two galaxies, and that a common mechanism may be responsible for instigating star formation in both circumnuclear rings. Given the considerable similarity in gas properties, the most likely explanation for the order of magnitude difference in SFR is time variability, with the Central Molecular Zone (CMZ) currently being at a more quiescent phase of its star formation cycle. We show M83’s SFR must have been an order of magnitude higher 5–7 Myr ago. M83’s ‘starburst’ phase was highly localized, both spatially and temporally, greatly increasing the feedback efficiency and ability to drive galactic-scale outflows. This highly dynamic nature of star formation and feedback cycles in galaxy centres means (i) modelling and interpreting observations must avoid averaging over large spatial areas or time-scales, and (ii) understanding the multiscale processes controlling these cycles requires comparing snapshots of a statistical sample of galaxies in different evolutionary stages.
The imprint of cosmic web quenching on central galaxies
Authors: Winkel N , Pasquali A , Kraljic K , Smith R , Gallazzi A , Jackson T M
Published: May 2021

We investigate how cosmic web environment impacts the average properties of central galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). We analyse how the average specific star formation rate, stellar age, metallicity, and element abundance ratio [α/Fe] of SDSS central galaxies depend on distance from the cosmic web nodes, walls, and filaments identified by the Discrete Persistent Structures Extractor (DisPerSE). In our approach we control for galaxy stellar mass and local density differentiated between field and group environment. Our results confirm the known trend whereby galaxies exhibit lower specific star formation rates with decreasing distance to the cosmic web features. Furthermore, we show that centrals closer to either nodes, walls, or filaments are on average older, metal richer, and α-enhanced compared to their equal mass counterparts at larger distances. The identified property gradients appear to have the same amplitude for central galaxies in the field as for those in groups. Our findings support a cosmic web quenching that stems from nurture effects, such as ram pressure stripping and strangulation, and/or nature effects linked to the intrinsic properties of the cosmic web.
Microvascular Decompression for Trigeminal Neuralgia: A Prospective, Multicenter Study
Authors: Mizobuchi Yoshifumi , Nagahiro Shinji , Kondo Akinori , Arita Kazunori , Date Isao , Fujii Yukihiko , Fujimaki Takamitsu , Hanaya Ryosuke , Hasegawa Mitsuhiro , Hatayama Toru , Inoue Tooru , Kasuya Hidetoshi , Kobayashi Masahito , Kohmura Eiji , Matsushima Toshio , Masuoka Jun , Morita Akio , Nishizawa Shigeru , Okayama Yoshihiro , Shigeno Taku , Shimano Hiroshi , Takeshima Hideo , Yamakami Iwao
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the most effective procedure for the long-term management of trigeminal neuralgia (TGN). However, retrospective and single-center studies are inherently biased, and there are currently no prospective, multicenter studies.

OBJECTIVE

To evaluate the short- and long-term outcomes and complications in patients with TGN who underwent MVD at specialized Japanese institutions.

METHODS

We enrolled patients with TGN who underwent MVD between April 2012 and March 2015. We recorded their facial pain grade and complications at 7 d (short term), 1 yr (mid-term), and 3 yr (long term) postoperatively.

RESULTS

There were 166 patients, comprising 60 men and 106 women (mean age 62.7 yr). Furthermore, 105 patients were aged over 60 yr. We conducted neuromonitoring in 84.3% of the cases. The complete pain relief, mortality, and complication rates at the short-term follow-up were 78.9%, 0%, and 16.3%, respectively. Overall, 155 patients (93.4%) completed the long-term follow-up, with the complete pain relief and complication rates of 80.0% and 5.2%, respectively.

CONCLUSION

In the hands of experienced neurosurgeons, MVD for TGN can achieve high long-term curative effects. In addition, complications are uncommon and usually transient. Our results indicate that MVD is an effective and safe treatment for patients with TGN, including elderly patients.
Impact of an Inner-City Smoke-Free Zone on Outdoor Smoking Patterns: A Before–After Study
Authors: Breunis Leonieke J , Bebek Metehan , Dereci Nazmi , de Kroon Marlou L A , Radó Márta K , Been Jasper V
Published: May 2021

Introduction

On September 2, 2019, Rotterdam’s first inner-city outdoor smoke-free zone encompassing the Erasmus MC, a large university hospital in the Netherlands, the Erasmiaans high school, the Rotterdam University of Applied Sciences and the public road in between, was implemented.

Aims and Methods

We aimed to assess spatiotemporal patterning of smoking before and after implementation of this outdoor smoke-free zone. We performed a before–after observational field study. We systematically observed the number of smokers, and their locations and characteristics over 37 days before and after implementation of the smoke-free zone.

Results

Before implementation of the smoke-free zone, 4098 people smoked in the area every weekday during working hours. After implementation, the daily number of smokers was 2241, a 45% reduction (p = .007). There was an increase of 432 smokers per day near and just outside the borders of the zone. At baseline, 31% of the smokers were categorized as employee, 22% as student and 3% as patient. Following implementation of the smoke-free zone, the largest decreases in smokers were observed among employees (–67%, p value .004) and patients (–70%, p value .049). Before and after implementation, 21 and 20 smokers were visibly addressed and asked to smoke elsewhere.

Conclusions

Implementation of an inner-city smoke-free zone was associated with a substantial decline in the number of smokers in the zone and an overall reduction of smoking in the larger area. Further research should focus on optimizing implementation of and compliance with outdoor smoke-free zones.

Implications

A smoke-free outdoor policy has the potential to denormalize and discourage smoking, support smokers who want to quit, and to protect people from secondhand smoke exposure. Implementation of an inner-city smoke-free zone encompassing a large tertiary hospital and two educational institutions was associated with a substantial decline in the number of smokers in the zone, as well as in the larger area. Voluntary outdoor smoke-free zones can help reduce the number of smokers in the area and protect people from secondhand smoke. There is a need to explore effectiveness of additional measures to further improve compliance.
How loose, how tight? A measure of monetary and fiscal stance for the euro area*
Authors: Batini Nicoletta , Cantelmo Alessandro , Melina Giovanni , Villa Stefania
Published: May 2021

This article builds a model-based dynamic monetary and fiscal conditions index (DMFCI) and uses it to examine the evolution of the joint stance of monetary and fiscal policies in the euro area (EA) and in its three largest member countries over the period 2007–2018. The index is based on the relative impacts of monetary and fiscal policy on demand using actual and simulated data from rich estimated models featuring also financial intermediaries and long-term government debt. The analysis highlights a short-lived fiscal expansion in the aftermath of the Global Financial Crisis, followed by a quick tightening, with monetary policy left to be the ‘only game in town’ after 2013. Individual countries’ DMFCIs show that national policy stances did not always mirror the evolution of the aggregate stance at the EA level, due to heterogeneity in the fiscal stance.
Prevalence, recent infection and predictors of HIV infection in fishing community along the shore of Lake Victoria in Tanzania
Authors: Panga Onna Duuma , Joachim Agricola , Samizi Florence George , Gitige Catherine Gale , Moremi Nyambura , Simeo Japhet , Mtebe Majigo , Abade Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Background

Fishing communities are a subpopulation burdened by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), mainly due to their mobility and cash income access. Strategies to mitigate the spread of HIV in fishing communities have varying outcomes. We conducted a study to determine the prevalence of HIV, recent infection and associated factors among fishing communities at Lake Victoria in Tanzania.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study in the first quarter of 2019. The participants' information was collected using a structured questionnaire. Blood samples were screened for HIV infection; the positive samples were tested for avidity and viral load to determine the recent infection. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the factors associated with HIV infection.

Results

A total of 1048 individuals were included with a mean age of 34 years (SD ± 11.5). The overall prevalence of HIV was 9.1%, while 7.4% had a recent infection. Lack of formal education, being separated/divorced/widowed, transactional sex, history of sexually transmitted infections, not tested for HIV in the last 12 months had 1.7 to three times more odds of contracting HIV.

Conclusion

A proportion of HIV recent infection among the fisherfolks was relatively high, signifying the continuous spread, which is predisposed by some demographic and behavioural characteristics.
Contributions to charitable foundations—French tax perspective
Authors: Jolk Christophe
Published: May 2021

Gifting assets to foreign charitable foundations could constitute a taxable event in France under French gift or inheritance tax. Such gifts thus require careful planning, as, depending on the localization and nature of that foreign charitable foundation, they might be taxed in France and hence jeopardize the initially intended charitable project, at least from the standpoint of its financing. Assessing whether the charitable project would indeed qualify for French preferential tax rules, requires a good understanding of both the respective foreign charitable institution and its French counterpart.
Ready for a “breakthrough” with ketamine? A look at recent pharmacological insights!
Authors: Himmelseher Sabine , Kochs Eberhard F.
Published: May 2021

Purpose of review

To update pharmacological insights on ketamine integrating information from different disciplines for developing steps to “breakthrough” approaches in clinical challenges.

Recent findings

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models have incorporated recirculation, ketamine metabolites, drug–drug interaction, and covariates such as age. Ketamine-induced relief from treatment-resistant depression has been explained by “disinhibition” of gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic interneurons and synaptogenic mechanisms requiring neurotrophic signals. Neuroimaging/electroencephalographic investigations have shown an increase in gamma spectral power in healthy volunteers and patients with depression, but also opposite changes in functional network connectivity after subanesthetic ketamine. Volunteer data may not be transferable to clinical conditions. Altered states of consciousness induced by subanesthetic ketamine have been described by disruption of resisting-state functional networks and frontoparietal connectivity with preservation of multisensory and sensor-motor networks. This has been interpreted as a “disconnected consciousness”.

More precise PK/PD models may improve the ketamine use regimen. The findings from research on depression are an important discovery because ketamine's impact on neuronal plasticity and synaptogenesis in human brain disease has directly been documented. Psychic adverse effects with subanesthetic ketamine are related to a “disconnected consciousness”. Overall, progress has been made, but the “breakthrough” still has to come.
Postoperative Screening With the Modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale After Noncardiac Surgery: A Pilot Study
Authors: Flexman Alana M. , Kim Clara N.H. , Plyley Tyler , Vila-Rodriguez Fidel , Gelb Adrian W. , Field Thalia S.
Published: May 2021

Background:

Perioperative stroke is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, yet there is no validated screening tool. The modified National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (mNIHSS) is validated for use in nonsurgical strokes but is not well-studied in surgical patients. We evaluated perioperative changes in the mNIHSS score in noncardiac, non-neurological surgery patients, feasibility in the perioperative setting, and the relationship between baseline cognitive screening and change in mNIHSS score.

Methods:

Patients aged 65 years and above presenting for noncardiac, non-neurological surgery were prospectively recruited. Those with significant preoperative cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment score [MoCA] ≤17) were excluded. mNIHSS was assessed preoperatively, on postoperative day (POD) 0, POD 1, and POD 2, demographic data collected, and feedback solicited from participants. Changes in mNIHSS from baseline, time to completion, and relationship between baseline MoCA score and change in mNIHSS score were analyzed.

Results:

Twenty-five patients were enrolled into the study; no overt strokes occurred. Median mNIHSS score increased between baseline (0 interquartile range [IQR 0 to 1]) and POD 0 (2 [IQR 0 to 3.5]; P<0.001) but not between baseline and POD 1 (0.5 [IQR 0 to 1.5]; P=0.174) or POD 2 (0 [IQR 0 to 1]; P=0.650). Time to complete the mNIHSS at baseline was 3.5 minutes (SD 0.8), increasing to 4.1 minutes (SD 1.0) on POD 0 (P=0.0249). Baseline MoCA score was correlated with mNIHSS score change (P=0.038). Perioperative administration of the mNIHSS was feasible, and acceptable to patients.

Conclusions:

Changes in mNIHSS score can occur early after surgery in the absence of overt stroke. Assessment of mNIHSS appears feasible in the perioperative setting, although further research is required to define its role in detecting perioperative stroke.