bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Percepção subjetiva sobre criatividade: visão de árbitros e técnicos de Ginástica Rítmica
Authors: Trevisan Priscila Raquel Tedesco da Costa , Schwartz Gisele Maria
Published: September 2021

Este estudo qualitativo investigou os parâmetros de julgamento na percepção subjetiva sobre criatividade, na visão de árbitros e técnicos da modalidade Ginástica Rítmica. Para tanto, além de pesquisa bibliográfica, uma pesquisa exploratória contemplou a percepção de árbitros e técnicos desse esporte acerca da criatividade e seu envolvimento no desenvolvimento e julgamento dessa capacidade em âmbito competitivo. Como instrumento para coleta de dados, uma entrevista semiestruturada, a partir de questões elaboradas especificamente para esse estudo, foi aplicada individualmente a uma amostra intencional, selecionada por conveniência, composta por 14 participantes de ambos os sexos, sendo 05 árbitros de GR, com faixa etária entre 23 e 46 anos e experiência de 04 a 22 anos e, 09 técnicos de GR, com idades também entre 23 e 46 anos e tempo de prática de 06 a 20 anos. Todos foram atuantes em competições nacionais na vigência do ciclo olímpico 2013 a 2016. Os dados analisados descritivamente por meio da Técnica de Análise de Conteúdo apontam que esses participantes evidenciaram a criatividade como a capacidade de expressar o novo, o diferente, de forma extraordinária, perfeita e adequada às exigências desta modalidade. Por ter sua importância percebida subjetivamente, esses entrevistados salientaram a relevância do potencial criativo para enriquecer aspectos expressivos, artísticos e técnicos nas performances das atletas. O julgamento da criatividade em âmbito competitivo, ainda que não represente um quesito diretamente estabelecido nos códigos, é realizado de forma subjetiva, sendo esta percebida como um todo coeso, de teor artístico sobre o que é expresso nas séries, considerando, tanto elementos de Dificuldade, quanto de Execução. Esses dados contribuem para novas reflexões, ampliando a compreensão das relações existentes entre criatividade, esporte e arbitragem.
Memorial Acadêmico
Authors: Barbosa João Alexandre
Published: September 2021

Reprodução do memorial apresentado para o concurso de Professor Titular do Departamento de Linguística e Letras Orientais da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo, no ano de 1980. O documento original possui 50 páginas datilografadas.
O Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literatura Comparada: primórdios
Authors: Meneses Adélia Bezerra de
Published: September 2021

Depoimento de Adélia Bezerra de Meneses sobre a formação do Departamento de Teoria Literária e Literatura Comparada da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo.
Encontro com Boris Schnaiderman
Authors: Schnaiderman Boris
Published: September 2021

Entrevista concedida à Marília Librandi Rocha. Originalmente publicada na revista Magma, n. 3, p. 11-22, São Paulo, dez /1996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1769.mag.1996.85897
Pano pra manga
Authors: Vara Teresa Pires
Published: September 2021

Originalmente publicado na revista Literatura e Sociedade, n. 2, p. 208-20, São Paulo, 1997. DOI:

 https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2237-1184.v0i2p208-220

O título “Pano pra manga” foi inspirado pelo prefácio de Alexandre de Eulálio ao livro de Gilda de Mello e Souza, O espírito das Roupas, a moda do século XIX; o capítulo pertence a um ensaio mais amplo, com o mesmo título, em que procuro trabalhar os limites da Crítica e da Criação.

Em tempo, gostaria de agradecer aos colegas responsáveis por este numero de Literatura e Sociedade, por terem concordado com minha proposta deste texto hibrido.
Carta de Antonio Candido
Authors: Candido Antonio
Published: September 2021

Enviada a João Alexandre Barbosa em 14-01-1963. Trechos principais, incluindo o programa elaborado pelo Professor para a (então) recente disciplina de Teoria Literária da Universidade de São Paulo. Originalmente publicada na revista Magma, n. 2, p. 31-5, São Paulo, dez /1995. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.2448-1769.mag.1995.80721
Poética estrutural em movimento: Jan Mukařovský e Roman Jakobson
Authors: Sládek Ondřej
Published: September 2021

Há muitas perspectivas que podemos adotar quando escrevemos uma história da teoria e da crítica literárias e, de um modo mais amplo, uma história do pensamento literário. Uma dessas abordagens que considero estimulante é o mapeamento das relações pessoais entre estudiosos de literatura. Este estudo trata da relação entre dois acadêmicos literários: Jan Mukařovský e Roman Jakobson. O estudo analisa as transformações no contexto amplo de suas vidas e obras, mas também no âmbito dos eventos culturais e políticos dominantes durante suas vidas. O ponto central deste estudo é prover uma síntese das bases epistemológicas das poéticas estruturais de Jakobson e de Mukařovský. Os cinco princípios chaves teóricos e metodológicos são: 1) a obra de arte é um fenômeno suis generis; 2) o princípio da parte e do todo; 3) movimento. A literatura está em constante movimento; 4) trabalhar com o material (literário); 5) a obra de arte é um signo. A arte é um sistema de signos. Além disso, este estudo serve não só para ilustrar os altos e baixos de uma amizade, mas também a ascensão e o declínio do estruturalismo – uma das mais proeminentes abordagens da moderna teoria literária.
Guidance for Timely and Appropriate Referral of Patients With Advanced Heart Failure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Morris Alanna A. , Khazanie Prateeti , Drazner Mark H. , Albert Nancy M. , Breathett Khadijah , Cooper Lauren B. , Eisen Howard J. , O’Gara Patrick , Russell Stuart D. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Heart Failure and Transplantation Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology; Council on Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis and Vascular Biology; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; and Council on Hypertension
Published: September 2021

Among the estimated 6.2 million Americans living with heart failure (HF), ≈5%/y may progress to advanced, or stage D, disease. Advanced HF has a high morbidity and mortality, such that early recognition of this condition is important to optimize care. Delayed referral or lack of referral in patients who are likely to derive benefit from an advanced HF evaluation can have important adverse consequences for patients and their families. A 2-step process can be used by practitioners when considering referral of a patient with advanced HF for consideration of advanced therapies, focused on recognizing the clinical clues associated with stage D HF and assessing potential benefits of referral to an advanced HF center. Although patients are often referred to an advanced HF center to undergo evaluation for advanced therapies such as heart transplantation or implantation of a left ventricular assist device, there are other reasons to refer, including access to the infrastructure and multidisciplinary team of the advanced HF center that offers a broad range of expertise. The intent of this statement is to provide a framework for practitioners and health systems to help identify and refer patients with HF who are most likely to derive benefit from referral to an advanced HF center.
The Generative Power of Protest: Time and Space in Contentious Politics
Authors: Bishara Dina
Published: September 2021

How do social movements sustain themselves under authoritarian rule? This remains a crucial puzzle for scholars of comparative politics. This article gains traction on this puzzle by foregrounding the generative power of protest, namely the power of protest experiences themselves to deepen and broaden movements. Some studies have started to draw attention to those questions without yet systematically examining how the form of protest differentially affects those outcomes. I argue that different forms of protest have varying effects on movements depending on their duration and geographic scope. While short, multiple-site actions, such as marches, can broaden movements by expanding their base, extended, single-site actions, such as sit-ins, are more likely to deepen movements by fostering collective identities and building organizational capacities. This article is based on field research in Egypt, Tunisia, Jordan, and Morocco and interviews with more than 100 movement participants and civil society activists.
The reliability of the Danish version of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure
Authors: Enemark Larsen Anette , Wehberg Sonja , Christensen Jeanette R
Published: September 2021

Introduction

This study aims to assess the reliability of the Danish version of the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM).

Method

151 clients, 42.4% male, mean age 66.9 years ( SD: 14.4, range: 16–90), from two hospitals and two rehabilitation centres were interviewed twice with the COPM over a ten-day mean interval ( SD: 4.9, range: 2–27) either by the same (intra-rater) or two different occupational therapists (inter-rater). Data were analysed with intra-class correlation coefficients, coefficient of repeatability, and Bland–Altman plots.

Results

823 occupational performance issues were prioritized of which 41%, 338 occupational performance issues (95% CI: 37.7–44.5), were mentioned in both interviews. The intra-class correlation coefficients were 59.8 (95% CI-intra-class correlation coefficients: 49.3–69.5) (COPM), 73.5 (95% CI intra-class correlation coefficients: 65.5-80.2) (COPM-Performance), and 71.8 (95% CI intra-class correlation coefficients: 63.4–78.8) (COPM-Satisfaction). The limits of agreement were −2.83 to 3.05 for the COPM-Performance and −3.50–3.53 for the COPM-Satisfaction. The COPM-Importance scores were highest when obtained by two raters, but opposite for the scores of the COPM-Performance and COPM-Satisfaction. The coefficient of repeatability roughly showed a change in +/- three points (COPM-Importance: 2.67; COPM-Performance: 2.94; and COPM-Satisfaction: 3.52). Correspondingly, Bland–Altman plots showed limits of agreement for the mean values of −2.71 and 3.53, respectively.

Conclusions

The intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the COPM were moderate across settings, clients and rater experiences.
Exploring the meaning of value-based occupational therapy services from the perspectives of managers, therapists and clients
Authors: Wong Su Ren , Ngooi Bi Xia , Kwa Fang Yin , Koh Xiang Ting , Chua Rachel J J , Dancza Karina M
Published: September 2021

Introduction

There is a worldwide trend towards value-based health care, which strives to control healthcare costs while maximising value for clients. The main concept of value has been defined as health outcomes achieved per US dollar spent. This research explored how clients of occupational therapy services, managers and occupational therapists perceived value in occupational therapy services.

Method

A qualitative design was used to explore the perspectives of clients ( n = 11), occupational therapists ( n = 7) and occupational therapy managers ( n = 7). Appreciative inquiry guided the two phases of semi-structured interviews ( n = 5) and focus groups ( n = 6). Inductive and deductive coding were used to establish themes.

Findings

Three themes encompassed the participants’ perceived value of occupational therapy services: (1) outcomes which are meaningful to daily life, (2) a constructive client–therapist relationship and (3) affordable, coordinated and understandable therapy.

Conclusion

Participants attributed value to occupational therapy services when they encountered personalised goal setting, focused on meaningful outcomes, managed personal costs and experienced positive therapeutic relationships. Enhancing services could focus on (1) developing skills in collaborative goal setting, (2) determining suitable outcome measures which are meaningful at personal- and service-level reporting, (3) encouraging self-management strategies, and (4) emphasising therapeutic relationships and supporting therapeutic communication skill development.
Temporal comparisons: Evaluating the world through historical time
Authors: Steinmetz Willibald , Simon Zoltán B , Postoutenko Kirill
Published: September 2021

This introduction describes the main themes of the special issue on temporal comparisons. It provides the background for individual contributions by sketching the way in which evaluations are intrinsic to conceptions of historical time. Inasmuch as different configurations of the relationship between past, present and future imply temporal comparisons between ‘now’ and ‘then’, historical time is subject to evaluations that we project onto the differences – or similarities – between the three dimensions. Practices of comparing between and across times pervade all spheres of activity: from high-level theory and historical reflection to the most trivial situations in everyday life. Tracking temporal comparisons is thus a way of exploring the broad middle ground between the consciously elaborated theories about time and the ordinary ways of dealing with time. Our introduction conveys this message in three steps. First, it provides a brief overview of the workings of historical time; second, it introduces the central notion of temporal comparisons while paying special attention to the scales in which they can be studied and their performative character; and third, it gives a quick glimpse into the main contentions of the contributions.
Brain Activity Response to Visual Cues for Gait Impairment in Parkinson’s Disease: An EEG Study
Authors: Stuart Samuel , Wagner Johanna , Makeig Scott , Mancini Martina
Published: September 2021

Background. Gait impairments are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD) and increase falls risk. Visual cues can improve gait in PD, particularly freezing of gait (FOG), but mechanisms involved in visual cue response are unknown. This study aimed to examine brain activity in response to visual cues in people with PD who do (PD+FOG) and do not report FOG (PD-FOG) and explore relationships between attention, brain activity and gait. Methods. Mobile EEG measured brain activity during gait in 20 healthy older adults and 43 PD participants (n=22 PD+FOG, n=21 PD-FOG). Participants walked for 2-minutes with and without visual cues (transverse lines to step over). We report power spectral density (PSD) in Delta (1-4 Hz), Theta (4-7 Hz), Alpha (8-12 Hz), Beta (14-24 Hz) and Gamma (30-50 Hz) bands within clusters of similarly brain localized independent component sources. Results. PSDs within the parietal and occipital lobes were altered when walking with visual cues in PD, particularly in PD+FOG. Between group, differences suggested that parietal sources in PD, particularly with PD+FOG, had larger activity compared to healthy older adults when walking. Within group, visual cues altered brain activity in PD, particularly in PD+FOG, within visual processing brain regions. In PD participants, brain activity differences with cues correlated with gait improvements, and in PD+FOG those with worse attention required more visual attentional processing (reduced alpha PSD) in the occipital lobe. Conclusions. Visual cues improve gait and influence brain activity during walking in PD, particularly in PD+FOG. Findings may allow development of more effective therapeutics.
Mining ideological discourse on Twitter: The case of extremism in Arabic
Authors: Hamdi Sami Abdullah
Published: September 2021

Extremism has been a problematic term to define and suggests different and opposing meanings. This study explores how Twitter users conceptualize extremism in Arabic and express their opinions/arguments to construct the term. A corpus of tweets was collected from Twitter API using the word ‘تطرف أو متطرف’ in Arabic for extremist/extremism. A topic modeling algorithm was then applied to the dataset to uncover latent associated concepts underlying extremism, followed by a critical discourse analysis using Van Dijk’s Sociocognitive approach. The discursive and linguistic strategies used by Twitter users to support and justify their views of extremism were examined. The findings demonstrate an ideological influence that controls the concept of extremism, keeping it open to manipulation to serve shared interests and goals. Arab users of Twitter use extremism to promote their groups’ positive schema against others-negative schema.
Randomized phase 3 ALCANZA study of brentuximab vedotin vs physician’s choice in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma: final data
Authors: Horwitz Steven M. , Scarisbrick Julia J. , Dummer Reinhard , Whittaker Sean , Duvic Madeleine , Kim Youn H. , Quaglino Pietro , Zinzani Pier Luigi , Bechter Oliver , Eradat Herbert , Pinter-Brown Lauren , Akilov Oleg E. , Geskin Larisa , Sanches Jose A. , Ortiz-Romero Pablo L. , Weichenthal Michael , Fisher David C. , Walewski Jan , Trotman Judith , Taylor Kerry , Dalle Stephane , Stadler Rudolf , Lisano Julie , Bunn Veronica , Little Meredith , Prince H. Miles
Published: September 2021

The primary analysis of the phase 3 ALCANZA trial showed significantly improved objective responses lasting ≥4 months (ORR4; primary endpoint) and progression-free survival (PFS) with brentuximab vedotin vs physician’s choice (methotrexate or bexarotene) in CD30-expressing mycosis fungoides (MF) or primary cutaneous anaplastic large-cell lymphoma (C-ALCL). Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas often cause pruritus and pain; brentuximab vedotin improved skin symptom burden with no negative effects on quality of life. We report final data from ALCANZA (median follow-up, 45.9 months). Adults with previously treated CD30-expressing MF/C-ALCL were randomly assigned to brentuximab vedotin (n = 64) or physician’s choice (n = 64). Final data demonstrated improved responses per independent review facility with brentuximab vedotin vs physician’s choice: ORR4; 54.7% vs 12.5% (P < .001); complete response, 17.2% vs 1.6% (P = .002). Median PFS with brentuximab vedotin vs physician’s choice was 16.7 months vs 3.5 months (P < .001). Median time to the next treatment was significantly longer with brentuximab vedotin than with physician’s choice (14.2 vs 5.6 months; hazard ratio, 0.27; 95% confidence interval, 0.17-0.42; P < .001). Of 44 patients in the brentuximab vedotin arm who experienced any-grade peripheral neuropathy, (grade 3, n = 6; grade 4, n = 0), 86% (38 of 44) had complete resolution (26 of 44) or improvement to grades 1 and 2 (12 of 44). Peripheral neuropathy was ongoing in 18 patients (all grades 1-2). These final analyses confirm improved, clinically meaningful, durable responses and longer PFS with brentuximab vedotin vs physician’s choice in CD30-expressing MF or C-ALCL. This trial was registered at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01578499.
Genomic profiling of a randomized trial of interferon-α vs hydroxyurea in MPN reveals mutation-specific responses
Authors: Knudsen Trine Alma , Skov Vibe , Stevenson Kristen , Werner Lillian , Duke William , Laurore Charles , Gibson Christopher J. , Nag Anwesha , Thorner Aaron R. , Wollison Bruce , Hansen Dennis Lund , Ellervik Christina , El Fassi Daniel , de Stricker Karin , Ocias Lukas Frans , Brabrand Mette , Bjerrum Ole Weis , Overgaard Ulrik Malthe , Frederiksen Mikael , Kristensen Thomas Kielsgaard , Kruse Torben A. , Thomassen Mads , Mourits-Andersen Torben , Severinsen Marianne Tang , Stentoft Jesper , Starklint Joern , Neuberg Donna S. , Kjaer Lasse , Larsen Thomas Stauffer , Hasselbalch Hans Carl , Lindsley R. Coleman , Mullally Ann
Published: September 2021

Although somatic mutations influence the pathogenesis, phenotype, and outcome of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), little is known about their impact on molecular response to cytoreductive treatment. We performed targeted next-generation sequencing (NGS) on 202 pretreatment samples obtained from patients with MPN enrolled in the DALIAH trial (A Study of Low Dose Interferon Alpha Versus Hydroxyurea in Treatment of Chronic Myeloid Neoplasms; #NCT01387763), a randomized controlled phase 3 clinical trial, and 135 samples obtained after 24 months of therapy with recombinant interferon-alpha (IFNα) or hydroxyurea. The primary aim was to evaluate the association between complete clinicohematologic response (CHR) at 24 months and molecular response through sequential assessment of 120 genes using NGS. Among JAK2-mutated patients treated with IFNα, those with CHR had a greater reduction in the JAK2 variant allele frequency (median, 0.29 to 0.07; P < .0001) compared with those not achieving CHR (median, 0.27 to 0.14; P < .0001). In contrast, the CALR variant allele frequency did not significantly decline in those achieving CHR or in those not achieving CHR. Treatment-emergent mutations in DNMT3A were observed more commonly in patients treated with IFNα compared with hydroxyurea (P = .04). Furthermore, treatment-emergent DNMT3A mutations were significantly enriched in IFNα–treated patients not attaining CHR (P = .02). A mutation in TET2, DNMT3A, or ASXL1 was significantly associated with prior stroke (age-adjusted odds ratio, 5.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.59-17.54; P = .007), as was a mutation in TET2 alone (age-adjusted odds ratio, 3.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.03-9.01; P = .044). At 24 months, we found mutation-specific response patterns to IFNα: (1) JAK2- and CALR-mutated MPN exhibited distinct molecular responses; and (2) DNMT3A-mutated clones/subclones emerged on treatment.
Efficacy of holmium laser enucleation of the prostate in patients with detrusor underactivity: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Adriansyah Ihsan Azka , Afriansyah Andika , Siregar Moammar Andar Roemare , Purnomo Nugroho , Mirza Hendy , Seno Doddy Hami
Published: September 2021

Background

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is commonly found in the aging male. Treatment of BPH can be in form of conservative or surgical intervention. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) is the gold-standard treatment for BPH according to the guideline. However, there is no evidence that there is a benefit for TURP in patients with detrusor underactivity (DUA). Holmium laser enucleation (HoLEP) is theorized to have a better outcome due to its property of complete prostate enucleation. Therefore, this meta-analysis aims to determine the benefit of HoLEP for BPH patients with DUA.

Main body

We performed systematic literature searching from five databases including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Science Direct, and Web of Science for articles up to 31 December 2020 for relevant studies. A total of five articles are eligible for this meta-analysis. A total of 2.180 subjects participated in all of the studies included. Two studies comparing patients with and without DUA that was treated with HoLEP, two studies comparing HoLEP with other surgical approaches for BPH, and one study comparing both parameters. IPSS score reduction is significantly higher in the patients with DUA (Mean Difference = 3.28, 95% CI 1.91 to 4.64, p < 0.01). Qmax and PVR are not significantly different between both groups. HoLEP also showed better improvement in IPSS and Qmax compared to TURP (IPSS: Mean Difference = -4.80, 95% CI − 7.83 to − 1.77, p = 0.002; Qmax: Mean Difference = 4.20, 95% CI 0.58 to 7.82, p = 0.02) and PVP (IPSS: Mean Difference = − 2.47, 95% CI − 4.47 to − 0.47, p = 0.02; Qmax: Mean Difference = 2.31, 95% CI 0.34 to 4.28, p = 0.02).

Conclusion

HoLEP showed better improvement in IPSS scores in patients with DUA. HoLEP can be considered to be performed in the BPH patients with DUA for better outcomes for the patients.
Methodological limitations in studies assessing the effects of environmental and socioeconomic variables on the spread of COVID-19: a systematic review
Authors: Barceló Maria A. , Saez Marc
Published: September 2021

Background

While numerous studies have assessed the effects of environmental (meteorological variables and air pollutants) and socioeconomic variables on the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, many of them, however, have significant methodological limitations and errors that could call their results into question. Our main objective in this paper is to assess the methodological limitations in studies that evaluated the effects of environmental and socioeconomic variables on the spread of COVID-19.

Main body

We carried out a systematic review by conducting searches in the online databases PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus up to December 31, 2020. We first excluded those studies that did not deal with SAR-CoV-2 or COVID-19, preprints, comments, opinion or purely narrative papers, reviews and systematic literature reviews. Among the eligible full-text articles, we then excluded articles that were purely descriptive and those that did not include any type of regression model. We evaluated the risk of bias in six domains: confounding bias, control for population, control of spatial and/or temporal dependence, control of non-linearities, measurement errors and statistical model. Of the 5631 abstracts initially identified, we were left with 132 studies on which to carry out the qualitative synthesis. Of the 132 eligible studies, we evaluated 63.64% of the studies as high risk of bias, 19.70% as moderate risk of bias and 16.67% as low risk of bias.

Conclusions

All the studies we have reviewed, to a greater or lesser extent, have methodological limitations. These limitations prevent conclusions being drawn concerning the effects environmental (meteorological and air pollutants) and socioeconomic variables have had on COVID-19 outcomes. However, we dare to argue that the effects of these variables, if they exist, would be indirect, based on their relationship with social contact.
Genome-resolved metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses of thermophilic composting reveal key bacterial players and their metabolic interactions
Authors: Braga Lucas Palma Perez , Pereira Roberta Verciano , Martins Layla Farage , Moura Livia Maria Silva , Sanchez Fabio Beltrame , Patané José Salvatore Leister , da Silva Aline Maria , Setubal João Carlos
Published: September 2021

Background

Composting is an important technique for environment-friendly degradation of organic material, and is a microbe-driven process. Previous metagenomic studies of composting have presented a general description of the taxonomic and functional diversity of its microbial populations, but they have lacked more specific information on the key organisms that are active during the process.

Results

Here we present and analyze 60 mostly high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) recovered from time-series samples of two thermophilic composting cells, of which 47 are potentially new bacterial species; 24 of those did not have any hits in two public MAG datasets at the 95% average nucleotide identity level. Analyses of gene content and expressed functions based on metatranscriptome data for one of the cells grouped the MAGs in three clusters along the 99-day composting process. By applying metabolic modeling methods, we were able to predict metabolic dependencies between MAGs. These models indicate the importance of coadjuvant bacteria that do not carry out lignocellulose degradation but may contribute to the management of reactive oxygen species and with enzymes that increase bioenergetic efficiency in composting, such as hydrogenases and N2O reductase. Strong metabolic dependencies predicted between MAGs revealed key interactions relying on exchange of H+, NH3, O2 and CO2, as well as glucose, glutamate, succinate, fumarate and others, highlighting the importance of functional stratification and syntrophic interactions during biomass conversion. Our model includes 22 out of 49 MAGs recovered from one composting cell data. Based on this model we highlight that Rhodothermus marinus, Thermobispora bispora and a novel Gammaproteobacterium are dominant players in chemolithotrophic metabolism and cross-feeding interactions.

Conclusions

The results obtained expand our knowledge of the taxonomic and functional diversity of composting bacteria and provide a model of their dynamic metabolic interactions.
The association of urine osmolality with decreased kidney function and/or albuminuria in the United States
Authors: Kitiwan Boonsong K. , Vasunilashorn Sarinnapha M. , Baer Heather J. , Mukamal Kenneth , Juraschek Stephen P.
Published: September 2021

Background

Decreased kidney function is commonly caused by hypovolemia. When hypovolemic, the kidney reabsorbs water resulting in concentrated urine. Osmolality is a measure of urine concentration which is more objective than self-reported fluid intake. It has a positive association with hypovolemia. However, it remains controversial whether osmolality is associated with decreased kidney function and/or albuminuria.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of the 2009–2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, a standardized survey in the U.S. population. Participants aged 18–70 years old with random urine osmolality were included. Osmolality was categorized as quartiles. Decreased kidney function was defined by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 and albuminuria was defined by albumin-to-creatinine ratio ≥ 30 mg/gm. We performed multivariable regression via four sequential models.

Results

Our study sample included 7,373 participants. The mean age was 42.9 ± 0.4 years. Overall, 51.4% were male and 67.3% were white. The mean osmolality was 603.8 mOsm/kg and 629.1 mOsm/kg in those with and without decreased eGFR and/or albuminuria, respectively. The number of cases was 610 (6.7%). The prevalence from the lowest to highest quartiles of osmolality was 116 (6.2%), 213 (8.6%), 179 (7.5%), and 102 (4.3%), respectively (p-value for trend = 0.02). The relationship between osmolality and eGFR appeared nonlinear. After adjustment for demographic, social, cardiovascular, and dietary risk factors, there was no significant association of osmolality quartiles with decreased eGFR and/or albuminuria (odds ratio [OR] 0.77, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.56, 1.07). In sensitivity analyses, osmolality ≥ 500 mOsm/kg was associated with lower eGFR (adjusted ß -1.13, 95% CI -1.98, -0.28). In pre-specified subgroup analyses, osmolality had a statistically significant negative correlation with eGFR among individuals with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m2, but a positive correlation among those with eGFR < 60 mL/min/1.73m2 (adjusted ß -0.19, 95% CI -0.36, -0.01 versus adjusted ß 0.50, 95% CI 0.05, 0.96; p-value for interaction = 0.016).

Conclusions

Higher osmolality was significantly associated with lower eGFR among adults with eGFR ≥ 60 mL/min/1.73m2 Future research should examine the relationship between osmolality and change in kidney function over time among adults with normal eGFR.
Experience of chronic noncommunicable disease in people living with HIV: a systematic review and meta-aggregation of qualitative studies
Authors: Yang Zhongfang , Zhu Zheng , Lizarondo Lucylynn , Xing Weijie , Han Shuyu , Hu Hui , Hu Yan , Wu Bei
Published: September 2021

Background

An increasing number of people living with HIV (PLWH) have had chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) over the last 5 years. However, robust evidence regarding the perception and challenges of having NCDs among PLWH is limited. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize qualitative evidence regarding the experiences of PLWH with NCDs.

Methods

We used a meta-aggregation approach to synthesize qualitative studies. Peer-reviewed and gray literature published in English and Chinese from 1996 to November 2020 was searched using electronic databases. Two reviewers independently appraised the methodological quality and extracted data from the included studies. The Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) meta-aggregation approach was used to synthesize the findings.

Results

In total, 10,594 studies were identified in the initial database search. Fourteen eligible studies were included in the meta-synthesis. Among these studies, nine synthesized findings regarding the following topics were identified: fragmented healthcare systems, care continuity, manifestations of multiple conditions, financial hardship, stigma and discrimination, polypharmacy burden and adherence, reciprocal relationships between HIV and NCDs, and coping strategies.

Conclusions

In recent years, attempts have been made to institutionalize NCD preventive and control services in HIV long-term care. However, considering the growing problem of HIV and NCD comorbidity globally, integrated primary health care systems are needed to address the problems of PLWH with NCDs. Healthcare professionals should help PLWH develop strategies to better monitor their polypharmacy burden and adherence, stigma and discrimination, financial hardship, and manifestations of multiple conditions to achieve high levels of care continuity.
Association between socioeconomic status and fertility among adolescents aged 15 to 19: an analysis of the 2013/2014 Zambia Demographic Health Survey (ZDHS)
Authors: Munakampe Margarate Nzala , Fwemba Isaac , Zulu Joseph Mumba , Michelo Charles
Published: September 2021

Background

Adolescents face significant barriers to access and utilization of sexual and reproductive health services in many low-income settings, which in turn may be associated with adverse consequences such as early pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections, unsafe abortion and mortality. There is evidence suggesting that limited access to sexual and reproductive health information and services among adolescents contributes to these outcomes. We aimed to find out the factors that affect the fertility of adolescents aged 15 to 19 years in Zambia and to identify possible drivers of adolescents’ fertility.

Methods

Secondary analysis of the ZDHS 2013/14 data was carried out to find out the factors that affect the fertility rate of adolescents aged 15 to 19 years using multivariate logistic regression (n = 3666).

Results

Overall, 23.1% of adolescents had given birth at least once in the 5 years leading to the survey (n = 3666, 99.4% response), and 49.8% were rural-based while 50.2% were urban-based. The median number of schooling was 8 years (IQR 6–10). About 52% of the adolescents were in the poorer, poor and medium wealth quintiles while the other 48% were in the rich and richer quintiles. Factors found to affect fertility include residence, wealth status, educational attainment, marriage and abortion. An urban-based adolescent with a lower socioeconomic status was 2.4 times more likely to give birth compared to rural-based poorer adolescents (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5, 3.7, p < 0.001). Although odds of giving birth were much higher among rural-based married adolescents (aOR = 8.0, 95% CI: 5.4, 11.9, p < 0.001) compared to urban married adolescents (aOR = 5.5, 95% CI: 8.3, 16.0, p < 0.001), and these relationships both statistically significant, higher educational attainment (aOR = 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6, 0.8 p < 0.001) and abortion (aOR = 0.3, 95% CI: 0.1, 0.8, p = 0.020) reduced these odds, particularly for rural-based adolescents.

Conclusion

Despite response aimed at reducing adolescent fertility, low wealth status, low educational attainment and early marriage remain significant drivers of adolescent fertility in Zambia. There is a need to address sexual and reproductive health needs of urban-based adolescents with a lower socioeconomic status.
Analysis of risk and prognostic factors in a population of pediatric patients hospitalized for acute malnutrition at the Chiulo hospital, Angola
Authors: Tripoli Federica Maria , Accomando Salvatore , La Placa Simona , Pietravalle Andrea , Putoto Giovanni , Corsello Giovanni , Giuffrè Mario
Published: September 2021

Background

Malnutrition is a multifactorial pathology in which genetic, epigenetic, cultural, environmental, socio-economic factors interact with each other. The impact that this disease has on the health of children worldwide is dramatic. Severe acute malnutrition in particular is a disease affecting nearly 20 million preschool children worldwide, most of them in Africa and South East Asia.

Objectives

This work aims to investigate potential prognostic factors in the clinical evolution of acute malnutrition and potential risk factors for the development of the disease.

Methods

Our study was carried out at the “Hospital da Missão Catolica do Chiulo”, in Angola, where the NGO Doctors with Africa CUAMM has been operating since 2000. In the first part of the study we analyzed the characteristics and clinical evolution of 163 patients hospitalized for acute malnutrition at the UEN (Unidade Especial de Nutrição) of the Chiulo Hospital over a period of 6 months, in order to identify potential prognostic factors of the disease. The second part of our study was carried out by administering a questionnaire to a group of caregivers of malnourished children and to a group of caregivers of non-malnourished children admitted to Pediatrics for other causes, with the aim of identifying potential risk factors for the development of malnutrition.

Results and conclusions

The analysis of prognostic factors revealed that the most relevant are the WHZ (weight for height z-score) at the time of admission, the presence of Stunting and the presence of other pathologies or clinical conditions associated with severe acute malnutrition.

The analysis of risk factors has shown that not only food shortages, but also errors in the timing of the suspension of breastfeeding and the timing of the introduction of complementary foods play an important role. Equally important were some family risk factors, including the size of the family unit and the presence of deceased children.

It also emerged that the lack of knowledge of what a child needs to grow up healthy often affects the development of malnutrition. It follows that a useful and low-cost tool for preventing child malnutrition would be large-scale nutrition education campaigns.
Clinicopathological spectrum of Diffuse Large B Cell lymphoma: a study targeting population yet unexplored in Pakistan
Authors: Mahmood H. , Habib M. , Aslam W. , Khursheed S. , Fatima S. , Aziz S. , Habib M. , Faheem M.
Published: September 2021

Objective

Diffuse Large B Cell Lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common type of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL). The aim of this study was to assess the clinico pathological characteristics of DLBCL specifically, among the affected individuals residing in Northern areas of Pakistan who had not been previously included in major lymphoma studies due to their remote location.

Results

Mean age of the patients was 49.7 years. Male: female ratio was 1.5:1. Primary site was lymph node in 99 (71.74%) patients, out of which, 36 (26.09%) patients had B symptoms and 19 (13.77%) patients had stage IV disease. 39 (28.26%) patients had primary extra nodal involvement, 4 (2.90%) patients had B symptoms and 3 (2.17%) had stage IV disease. Extra nodal sites involved in primary extra nodal DLBCL were gastrointestinal tract (GIT) 19 (48.72%), tonsils 6 (15.38%), spine 4 (10.26%), soft tissue swelling 3 (7.69%), parotid gland 2 (5.13%), thyroid 2 (5.13%) central nervous system (CNS) 1 (2.56), breast 1 (2.56%) and bone marrow 1 (2.56%). Our study revealed increased percentage of patients with nodal DLBCL in stage IV and with B symptoms. Few patients with primary extra nodal DLBCL had B symptoms and stage IV disease at presentation. GIT was the most common site of involvement in primary extra nodal DLBCL.
The Induction with Foley OR Misoprostol (INFORM) Study dataset. A dataset of 602 women with hypertensive disease in pregnancy, in India, randomised to either Foley catheter or oral misoprostol for induction of labour
Authors: Mundle Shuchita , Bracken Hillary , Khedikar Vaishali , Mulik Jayashree , Faragher Brian , Easterling Thomas , Leigh Simon , Granby Paul , Haycox Alan , Turner Mark A. , Lightly Kate , Ebringer Miroslava , Alfirevic Zarko , Winikoff Beverly , Weeks Andrew D.
Published: September 2021

Objectives

Induction of labour (IOL), or starting labour artificially, can be a lifesaving intervention for pregnant women and their babies, and rates are rising significantly globally. As rates increase, it becomes increasingly important to fully evaluate all available data, especially that from low income settings where the potential benefits and harms are greater. The goal of this paper is to describe the datasets collected as part of the Induction with Foley OR Misoprostol (INFORM) Study, a randomised trial comparing two of the recommended methods of cervical ripening for labour induction, oral misoprostol and Foley catheter, in women being induced for hypertension in pregnancy, at two sites in India during 2013–15.

Data description

This dataset includes comprehensive data on 602 women who underwent IOL for hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Women were randomly assigned to cervical ripening with oral misoprostol or a transcervical Foley catheter in two government hospitals in India. The main dataset has 367 variables including monitoring during the induction of labour, medications administered, timing and mode of delivery, measures of neonatal morbidity and mortality, maternal mortality and morbidity, maternal satisfaction and health economic data. The dataset is anonymised and available on ReShare.
Surgical navigation system for temporomandibular joint ankylosis in a child: a case report
Authors: Miyazaki Ryo , Iwasaki Akinori , Nakai Fumi , Miyake Minoru
Published: September 2021

Background

Computer-assisted surgical navigation systems were initially introduced for use in neurosurgery and have been applied in craniomaxillofacial surgery for 20 years. The anatomy of the oral and maxillofacial region is relatively complicated and includes critical contiguous organs. A surgical navigation system makes it possible to achieve real-time positioning during surgery and to transfer the preoperative design to the actual operation. Temporomandibular joint ankylosis limits the mouth opening, deforms the face, and causes an increase in dental caries. Although early surgical treatment is recommended, there is controversy regarding the optimal surgical technique. In addition, pediatric treatment is difficult because in children the skull is not as wide as it is in adults. There are few reports of pediatric temporomandibular joint ankylosis surgery performed with a navigation system.

Case presentation

A 7-year-old Japanese girl presented severe restriction of the opening and lateral movement of her mouth due to a temporomandibular joint bruise experienced 2 years earlier. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated left condyle deformation, disappearance of the joint cavity, and a 0.7-mm skull width. We diagnosed left temporomandibular joint ankylosis and performed a temporomandibular joint ankylosis arthroplasty using a surgical navigation system in order to avoid damage to the patient's brain. A preauricular incision was applied, and interpositional gap arthroplasty with temporal muscle was performed. After the surgery, the maximum aperture was 38 mm, and the limitation of the lateral movement was eliminated.

Conclusions

A navigation system is helpful for confirming the exact target locations and ensuring safe surgery. In our patient's case, pediatric temporomandibular joint ankylosis surgery was performed using a navigation system without complications.
Human amniotic stem cells-derived exosmal miR-181a-5p and miR-199a inhibit melanogenesis and promote melanosome degradation in skin hyperpigmentation, respectively
Authors: Wang Xiao-Yu , Guan Xiao-Hui , Yu Zhen-Ping , Wu Jie , Huang Qi-Ming , Deng Ke-Yu , Xin Hong-Bo
Published: September 2021

Background

Hyperpigmentation of skin is caused by an imbalance between the melanosome/melanin synthesis in melanocytes and the melanosome/melanin degradation in keratinocytes. Although studies showed that stem cells play a role in hypopigmentation, the underlying mechanisms are far not elucidated. Human amniotic stem cells (hASCs) including human amniotic mesenchymal stem cells (hAMSCs) and human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs) were considered to be a promising cell source for stem cells-based therapy of many diseases clinically due to their pluripotent potential, no tumorigenesis and immunogenicity, no ethical issues, and potent paracrine effects. Here, we reported that both hASCs and their conditional medium (CM) had a potent anti-hyperpigmentation in skin in vivo and in vitro.

Methods

hAESCs and hAMSCs were identified by RT-PCR, flow cytometric analysis and immunofluorescence. Effects of hASCs and hASC-CM on pigmentation were evaluated in B16F10 cells stimulated with α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH), and mouse ears or human skin substitutes treated with ultraviolet radiation B (UVB). Expressions of the key proteins related with melanogenesis and autophagic flux were detected by western blot in B16F10 cells for further exploring the effects and the underlying mechanisms of hAESC-CM and hAMSC-CM on melanogenesis and melanosome degradation. The hAMSCs exosomes-derived miRNAs were determined by sequencing. RT-PCR, western blot, melanin content analysis and luciferase activity assay were used to determine the hypopigmentation of miR-181a-5p and miR-199a.

Results

In our study, we observed that both hASCs and their CM significantly alleviated the α-MSH in B16F10 cells or UVB-induced hyperpigmentation in mouse ears or human skin substitutes by suppressing melanin synthesis and promoting melanosome degradation in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, we demonstrated that miR-181a-5p and miR-199a derived from hASCs exosomes remarkably inhibited melanogenesis by suppressing MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor) which is a master regulator for governing melanogenesis and promoting melanosome degradation through activating autophagy, respectively.

Conclusions

Our studies provided strong evidence that the conditional medium and exosomes derived from hAMSCs inhibit skin hyperpigmentation by suppressing melanogenesis and promoting melanosome degradation, indicating that the hASCs exosomes or their released microRNAs might be as reagents for cell-free therapy in hyperpigmented disorders clinically.