bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Abstract Shape Aesthetics: Contour, Complexity, Motion, and Individual Variability
Authors: Soranzo Alessandro , Bertacchini Francesca , Bertamini Marco
Published: July 2024

The aesthetics of abstract shapes — shapes devoid of meaning or familiarity — offer an intriguing subject for study, as it can offer insights into how we perceive and appreciate visual stimuli, shedding light on the underlying mechanisms of visual cognition and the nature of artistic experience. This research investigates the impact of contour type (angular versus rounded edges) and complexity (number of vertices) on aesthetic preferences, including their potential interaction. Additionally, we explored the influence of movement as an aesthetic variable, given its potential to enhance complexity, though the relationship between movement and complexity remains unexplored. Our findings indicate that both contour type and complexity significantly influence preferences, with shapes featuring curved contours and fewer vertices being favoured. This highlights the aesthetic appeal of curvature and simplicity. Contrary to expectations, movement did not have a noticeable effect on aesthetic judgements. While no overall interaction between contour type and complexity was found, this lack of interaction was obscured by significant individual differences. Specifically, within individuals, strong interactions between contour type and complexity were observed. It appears that these individual differences are due more to the varying emphasis (dominance) placed on each variable rather than a difference in the preference for specific characteristics. Future research should further analyse these individual differences to understand the nuanced dynamics of aesthetic preferences.
Evaluation of non-anatomical characteristics for wood identification of six Korean oak species
Authors: Savero Alvin Muhammad , Kim Jong-Ho , Purusatama Byantara Darsan , Prasetia Denni , Wahyudi Imam , Lee Seung-Hwan , Kim Nam-Hun
Published: July 2024

This study aimed to investigate and compare the non-anatomical characteristics of six Korean oak wood species (Quercus variabilis, Q. serrata, Q. mongolica, Q. dentata, Q. aliena and Q. acutissima) to provide identification keys and quality indices for the effective utilization of these species. Non-anatomical characteristics, including heartwood fluorescence, fluorescence and color of water and ethanol extracts, froth test, chrome azurol S test and burning splinter test, were evaluated according to the International Association of Wood Anatomists (IAWA) lists. None of the six Korean oak species displayed heartwood fluorescence or fluorescence in the ethanol extract. Only Q. serrata exhibited bright blue fluorescence in the aqueous extract. Each species showed distinct colors in both water and ethanol extracts, and the water extract of all species was darker than that of the ethanol extract. A weak positive reaction in the froth test was observed only for Q. serrata. Furthermore, Q. variabilis and Q. acutissima showed positive reactions to both heartwood and sapwood in the chrome azurol S test. The burning splinter test revealed that only Q. acutissima was transformed into charcoal. Thus, water extract fluorescence and color, ethanol extract color, froth test, chrome azurol S test, and burning splinter test can be used to identify the six Korean oak species.
Robustness of a macroscopic computer-vision wood identification model to digital perturbations of test images
Authors: Owens Frank C. , Ravindran Prabu , Costa Adriana , Chavesta Manuel , Montenegro Rolando , Shmulsky Rubin , Wiedenhoeft Alex C.
Published: July 2024

Distribution shift, a phenomenon in machine learning characterized by a change in input data distribution between training and testing, can reduce the predictive accuracy of deep learning models. As operator and hardware conditions at the time of training are not always consistent with those after deployment, computer vision wood identification (CVWID) models are potentially susceptible to the negative impacts of distribution shift in the field. To maximize the robustness of CVWID models, it is critical to evaluate the influence of distribution shifts on model performance. In this study, a previously published 24-class CVWID model for Peruvian timbers was evaluated on images of test specimens digitally perturbed to simulate four kinds of image variations an operator might encounter in the field including (1) red and blue color shifts to simulate sensor drift or the effects of disparate sensors; (2) resizing to simulate different magnifications that could result from using different or improperly calibrated hardware; (3) digital scratches to simulate artifacts of specimen preparation; and (4) a range of blurring effects to simulate out-of-focus images. The model was most robust to digital scratches, moderately robust to red shift and smaller areas of medium-to-severe blur, and was least robust to resizing, blue shift, and large areas of medium-to-severe blur. These findings emphasize the importance of formulating and consistently applying best practices to reduce the occurrence of distribution shift in practice and standardizing imaging hardware and protocols to ensure dataset compatibility across CVWID platforms.
Anatomy of a fossil liana from the Upper Cretaceous of British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Jud Nathan A. , Bradley Kiara E. , Zahnd Ben , Rothwell Gar W. , Stockey Ruth A.
Published: July 2024

Fossil woods are preserved as calcareous permineralizations in the Upper Cretaceous Northumberland Formation on Collishaw Point, Hornby Island, British Columbia, Canada. They are well preserved, often including peripheral tissues, and reveal the diversity and structure of vegetation in the region ca. 72 million years ago. We describe a new genus and species based on two specimens. Two specimens were cut using a rock saw to expose the fossil wood in transverse and longitudinal sections. Thin sections were prepared using the cellulose acetate peel technique. Peels were mounted on slides with Eukitt mounting medium. Anatomical description follows the IAWA guidelines. We compared the anatomy of the fossils with that of other plants using data available in the published literature and the InsideWood database. The combination of wide vessels and high vessel frequency given the narrow diameter of the stem, combined with the abrupt increase in vessel diameter near the pith indicates this plant had hydraulic properties typical of a climbing plant (liana). The anatomy of the rays, the arrangement of the vessels and their pitting, and the thickness of the bark are also consistent with the climbing habit, but not diagnostic of any extant family. This is the second species of liana to be described from the Hornby Island assemblage, providing new information about the composition of structurally complex mixed conifer–angiosperm forests in the Late Cretaceous of western North America.
How Many Leave Europe and Why Do They? The Birth of Statistics on Global Migration. Brussels 1853
Authors: Rygiel Philippe
Published: July 2024

The historical study of the production of statistical knowledge concerning global migration has garnered little attention among historians. This is striking in light of the broader and richly explored domains of global migration regulation, knowledge production, and the history of sciences, including statistics. The marginalisation of this area in historical discourse is noteworthy, considering the pivotal role that statistical knowledge plays in understanding and managing migration. An examination of this topic unveils the interplay between migration policy, statistical methodologies and the contexts in which they were collected. Statistical data bears the mark of the context of its creation and incorporates the peculiarities related to the state of administrative technologies and the resources of the states that collected it. Such data also shows the imprint of social representation, that make it difficult to distinguish the ‘other’, the foreigner, the alien and the migrant, as well as the political agendas that justify the establishment of such a costly means of knowledge.
Does the processing of black soldier fly larvae meal affect the amino acid solubility in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)?
Authors: Radhakrishnan G. , Silva M.S. , Liland N.S. , Secci R. , Araujo P. , Philip A.J.P. , Belghit I.
Published: July 2024

The present work aimed to evaluate protein and amino acid (AA) digestibility/solubility of different black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) based meals for Atlantic salmon in vivo and in vitro. Three types of insect meals that had been through different processing techniques were included: microwave full fat BSFL meal (BSFM), defatted BSFL meal with an enzymatic pre-treatment (BSFE) and a defatted BSFL meal without enzymatic pre-treatment (BSFH). For the in vivo digestibility studies only two ingredients (BSFE and BSFH) were used. The experimental diets for the different ingredients were prepared by mixing a control diet with BSFL meals at an 80:20 ratio. The in vitro method implied a two-stage hydrolysis involving both gastric simulation (acid hydrolysis) and gastrointestinal simulation (acid hydrolysis followed by alkaline hydrolysis), using enzymes extracted from salmon. The results showed that the AA solubility was higher in the gastrointestinal phases than the gastric phase alone, showing the importance of having both phases in vitro solubility for an effective protein breakdown. The AA solubility of different insect-based meals showed that neither partial defatting nor the addition of enzymatic treatment impacted the protein and AA solubility. The in vivo trial (56 days) recorded no differences between fish fed diets containing BSFE and BSFH for growth or body indices. The protein and AA apparent digestibility were similar for both BSFE and BSFH ingredients. Thus, in the current study no differences in nutrient digestibility were observed due to different processing methods employed to BSFL meal both in vivo and in vitro.
First results on the effect of Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki on meal moths in a mealworm farm
Authors: Deruytter D. , Coudron C.L.
Published: July 2024

The mediterranean flour moth (Ephestia kuehniella Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is a common pest species in mealworm farms as they thrive in a similar environment and on similar feedstock as the mealworm. Although the larvae of the moth do not directly affect the mealworm larvae, they do compete for feed. Furthermore, the webbing may cause technical issues when harvesting or processing the mealworm larvae. Yet, most of the known ways to eradicate the moths are not usable in a mealworm farm due to the harmful effects on the mealworms. In this study, the potential of Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Btk) was assessed as these bacteria produce toxins that are specific to the order of Lepidoptera and therefore should not harm mealworms (Order: Coleoptera). Two experiments were conducted to assess the effect of Btk on E. kuehniella, mealworm (Tenebrio molitor) and a combination of both species in conditions similar to these encountered in a mealworm farm. The use of 10 (experiment 1) or 12 (experiment 2) concentrations allowed us to assess a broad concentration range (0-250/1000 ppm) and determine the 50% lethal concentration (LC50). The results indicate that Btk, within the assessed range (up to 1000 ppm), had minimal effect on the mealworm larvae, especially the final yield per cup. Nevertheless, further research is needed to determine any impact on the smaller life stages or any sublethal effects. As expected, the meal moths were negatively affected by Btk with a LC50 between 48 ppm and 332 ppm. Based on these results, the use of Btk in mealworm farms to combat meal moth seems promising. Further research is needed to finetune the application and concentration of Btk ensuring minimal use while maintaining effectiveness.
Replacing soybean meal with lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus improves broiler productive performances, haematology, intestinal morphology and meat quality
Authors: Sajjad M. , Binyameen M. , Sajjad A. , Sarmad M. , Abbasi A. , Khan E.U. , Haq I.U. , Subhan M. , Alhimaidi A.R. , Amran R.A.
Published: July 2024

Insects are becoming more popular as a soybean meal substitute because they can be raised sustainably on food and feed residues, which improves farming efficiency, sustainability, and animal welfare. In the current study, we replaced 4, 8 and 12% SBM with lesser mealworm Alphitobius diaperinus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae and determined its effects on productive performances, blood parameters, gut morphometry and meat quality of the broiler chickens. We also compared commercially available black soldier fly Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae. A total of 350 one-day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly assigned to seven isocaloric and isonitrogenous diets (5 pens/treatment and 10 birds/pen). The results found that 12% A. diaperinus and H. illucens diets significantly () increased the live weight (LW) and average daily weight gain (ADG) while improving feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the broilers. Daily feed intake (DFI) did not show a significant difference () among all the dietary treatments. Haematology and serum biochemistry traits were significantly () improved except MCHC, monocytes, Eosinophils (EO), albumin and creatinine. The 12% A. diaperinus and H. illucens diets showed the highest villus height (Vh) and the lowest crypt depth than other diets. The meat quality traits were statistically () improved except meat pH, drip loss and shear force (). The results of the study highlight the importance of substituting SBM up to 12% with either A. diaperinus or H. illucens larvae, which improves the productive performances, blood parameters, gut morphometry and meat quality of broilers and thus can be incorporated as an alternative protein source in poultry feed.
From traditional to industrial use of insects as feed: a review
Authors: van Huis A. , Rumbos C.I. , Oonincx D.G.A.B. , Rojo S. , Kovitvadhi A. , Gasco L.
Published: July 2024

Insects are part of the natural diet of fish and poultry species and to a lesser extent of pigs, dogs and cats. In traditional farming, poultry gather their food in a free roaming manner, and insects are part of the diet. Similarly, a large fraction of the diet of freshwater fish consists of aquatic insects. These features are exploited by farmers all over the world, as feed costs are high. For example, farmers lure termites to baskets filled with organic matter, and the insects are then fed to chickens. They also employ light sources above fishponds to attract insects for their fish. More sophisticated methods are, for example, attracting naturally occurring houseflies to containers filled with organic waste, e.g. manure. The captured maggots or pupae are then fed to poultry. We discuss the following insect groups as feeds for poultry, pigs, fish, dogs and cats: bees, caterpillars, cockroaches, flies, grasshoppers and termites. Feed for poultry can also consist of insect pests, which are then controlled at the same time, for example ducks to control rice pests. Moreover, leftovers from the silk industry can be used to feed chickens, pigs and fish. Insects are also commonly used as bait for fishing. The interest in a more industrial production of insects such as the black soldier fly and housefly as animal feed started in the 1970s. In the last 15 years, large-scale rearing of insects for animal feed has taken off, with the industry receiving more than 1.5 billion dollars in investment. The market is expanding, the legislation is becoming more conducive, while academic interest is increasing exponentially. The environmental, nutritional and functional benefits of insects as feed are becoming more and more recognized. Insects are poised to play an increasingly prominent role in shaping the future of animal feed production.
A Weed in the Church: Early 20th Century American Historical Perspectives on Adolescence and the Rise of Modern Youth Ministry
Authors: Droege Michael W.
Published: July 2024

This research pulls from a historical and theoretical lens to suggest that a misapplication of adolescent theory flowing from the moral panic of the 20th century has been realized in the exclusion of adolescence from ecclesial participation, resulting in generational disengagement with the institutional church. The path forward includes a consideration of how identity is formed within communities in an ecosystem of reciprocity that takes seriously the contribution of each generational cohort. While particular attention is given to both the historical praxis of youth ministry as well as the theological implications of youth ministry, this research is intended to invite further consideration of the subject of adolescent formation from a developmental, historical, and theological viewpoint.
Herrschaft über sich selbst. Autarkie in den Anfängen des Kynismus Rule of Man over Himself. Autarky in Early Cynicism
Authors: Varga Simon
Published: July 2024

The focus of the study is the understanding of self-sufficiency [αὐτάρϰεια] in early cynicism. A focused approach reveals that autarky in this context is a multidimensional concept that cannot be limited to the classical understanding of the physical or external renunciation of goods but goes beyond it. At least five dimensions can be named: (i) self-sufficiency due to physical depletion, (ii) self-sufficiency due to external reduction of goods, (iii) self-sufficiency through socio-cultural asset relativization, (iv) self-sufficiency through political relevance and ultimately (v) self-sufficiency through educational and scientific relativization.

The thesis of this study is that this multidimensional understanding of self-sufficiency can be seen, firstly, as the constitutive pivot of the practical-political approaches of the early cynicism, but secondly, has a further aim and is translated into a broader term: ἐγκράτεια, understood as the all-encompassing rule of man over himself.
“To What Song Does the Vein of Poetry’s Lute Throb?” The Hypotactic Poetics of Bīdil’s Persian ghazals in Sanskrit-Hindi-Arabic Meters
Authors: Keshavmurthy Prashant
Published: July 2024

How, despite the non-specificity of the ghazal’s semantics, can its rhythms contribute to intellectual history? This essay proposes an answer to this question with reference to sixty of the almost three thousand Persian ghazals composed by ʿAbd al-Qādir “Bīdil” (1644–1720) of Delhi. These sixty are distinguished by the fact that their meters are rare or unprecedented in Persian but common in either Arabic or Sanskrit-Hindi or both. Building on the rare aural commonalities between these sixty Persian ghazals and Arabic and Sanskritic poetry in corresponding rhythms, this essay argues that Bīdil used them to multiply and complicate relations between the ghazal’s speakers and its addressees by amplifying hypotaxis; and to subsume the devotional mood of prosodically identical but paratactically simple Hindi hymns to a monist imagination. It concludes by suggesting that his Sanskrit-Hindi-enabled hypotaxis and rhythms in Persian were stylistic imitations of God’s hierarchized self-disclosures.
Using Poetry and Disability Memoir to Explore Veteran Teachers’ Emerging Awareness of Ableism
Authors: Cormier Kerry K. , Accardo Amy L.
Published: July 2024

This study explored how thirteen veteran teachers grappled with an emerging awareness of the pervasive nature of ableism in education during a professional development series utilizing disability memoir and critical reflection. Grounded in disability studies in education and studies in ableism, this poetic inquiry explored the research question: how does professional development centering ableism and disability memoir support teachers to critically reflect on their beliefs and practices related to inclusion? Findings are shared through polyvocal transcription poems highlighting the conflicts teachers experienced learning about ableism. The poems captured the difficult initial steps on teachers’ journeys towards embracing inclusive mindsets.
Narrative as a Form of Applied History
Authors: Ritter Carl
Published: July 2024

Narrative is a fundamental form of historical thinking. As such, narrative is a representational framework through which real events can be ordered into simplified temporal sequences unfolding within historical settings, driven by the interaction of historical personages or collective entities such as nations or classes. These insights, however, are yet to be fully incorporated within the field of applied history, which could profit from a closer consideration of narrative as a concrete manifestation of what has been termed genealogical or processual history. Like the historical analogy, which has been the focus of much research, narrative has the potential to fruitfully make connections between past and present events, but also to misapply history for propagandistic purposes. To address these issues, this article presents a methodological model whose usefulness is demonstrated in two case studies, together with guidelines for how a narrative perspective could inspire future applied history research.
Magic Matters: Engaging with Nathan Sivin on the History of Divination, Medicine, and Popular Religion in China
Authors: Smith Richard J.
Published: July 2024

In this essay, the author seeks to highlight some of the many ways that Nathan Sivin’s academic work and personal advice have helped to shape his current book project, titled Magic Matters: Science and Medicine in Chinese Popular Culture, 1800 to 1850). Smith’s essay discusses the conceptual framework of Magic Matters, focusing on the ways that Chinese commoners perceived, represented, and understood the natural world, in all of its variety and complexity. It identifies the historical and cultural context in which traditional Chinese medicine and the mantic arts flourished, even after the introduction of new scientific and medical ideas and practices from the West and Japan post-1850. Along the way, Smith identifies a number of Asian and Western scholars who, together with Sivin, have done extremely productive and stimulating work on Chinese science, medicine and technology. He also provides bibliographical suggestions for further China-focused and comparative research on these topics.
Fāṭima al-Qabbāǧ : histoire d’une savante marocaine entre Islam, droits des femmes et construction de la nation
Authors: Borrillo Sara
Published: July 2024

Fāṭima al-Qabbāǧ was among the first women to graduate from Al-Qarawīyyn University in Fez and the only woman member of the Committee for Iftāʿ within the Council of Higher Knowledge (al-Maǧlis al-ʿilmī al-ʿalā) composed by the most important ʿulamāʾ of Morocco. This article contextualises the biographical trajectory of this major figure of Moroccan Islam in the period at the turn of independence and in the late 20th century–early 21st century, linking it, on the one hand, to nationalist discourses favourable to female education as one of the main pillars of national modernisation and, on the other hand, to the most recent developments brought about by the 2004 reform that incorporated women into the official structures of the Moroccan religious sector.

Writing the history of women in relation to Islam in Morocco is not an easy task, given the scarcity of bibliographical sources on the subject. Because of this reason, the article relies on original documentary sources, among which the Review of Women Scholars, Religious Guides and Preachers (ʿAṭāʾ-Maǧalla al-ʿālimāt wa-l-wāʿiẓāt wa-l-muršidāt), published in Arabic in 2011 by the Council of Higher Knowledge, and also on interviews conducted by the author of the article with Fāṭima al-Qabbāǧ and other Moroccan ʿālimāt. The career and thought of this major scholar bears witness to the fact that the transformation of women’s roles in the official structures for the production and reproduction of religious knowledge takes place in a reinvented historical continuity that aims to open up the religious field to women while respecting the framework of certain discursive perimeters functional to the political stability of the Kingdom. At the same time, the article aims also to demonstrate that, far from being a mere object of these dispositives, Fāṭima al-Qabbāǧ – along with other contemporary religious actresses – must be seen as a protagonist of historical change, aware of her social, political and religious role and agency.
L’accrochage de Aïn Draham
Authors: Di Donato Marco
Published: July 2024

This article is the result of a set of investigations performed in Tunis over a period of two years. The scope of this article is to better investigate a series of events that happened in Aïn Draham on May 31st 1957, by proposing the accurate description that is largely missing in the existing literature. The aim is to devote a broader space to those events by placing them in the context of the post-independence period, as well as in Habib Bourguiba’s (al-Ḥabīb Būrqība) actions, by trying to demonstrate the existence of a link between Aïn Draham clashes and overstudied events such as Sakiet Sidi Youssef and the Bizerte war. The ultimate goal is to challenge current literature’s approach, which moves directly from the independence (1956) to the Bizerte evacuation (1961), having as the only intermediate event the bombardment of Sakiet Sidi Youssef in 1958. Aïn Draham battle occurred during a crucial and delicate period of Tunisian history, as a result of internal and external tensions, in an area under extreme pressure (the Algerian–Tunisian border) and on the edge of an international crisis. The main idea behind the article is to re-evaluate resistance pathways and understand the value of understudied histories, as well as their contribution to and influence over well-known events of Tunisian contemporary history.
A Comparative Study of the Speech Act Advise in Two English Translations of the I Ching
Authors: Wang Zepeng , Li Kaixuan , Mao Yansheng
Published: July 2024

The present paper reports on a study that compares the strategies of performing Advise as a speech act in two English translations of the I Ching by Richard Wilhelm/Cary F. Baynes (hereafter, the Wilhelm/Baynes translation) and Alfred Huang (hereafter, the Huang translation) respectively. A dataset consisting of 2,665 sentences was described, compared and analysed after being extracted from the two translations of the I Ching. As a result, the research findings indicate that the number of sentences implementing Advise is very similar between the two translations, yet they have significant differences in terms of several strategies for advice-giving, i.e. Imperative, Impersonal, Hints, Possibility/probability, and Conditional. Accordingly, it is argued that these differences can be traced back to the cultural backgrounds of the two translators and the philosophies they uphold for their own translation.
Where Is the Love? Thoughts on Kamala Surayya’s Affective Politics
Authors: Devika J.
Published: July 2024

This essay tries to reflect on the least digestible aspects of the well-known poet and fiction writer Kamala Das / Surayya’s thought. It seeks to examine her foray into politics in the light of the history of the discursive shaping of modern gender in Kerala on the one hand, and of feminist thought that has sought to revalue love as a virtue in public life on the other. I seek to read her repeated calls to infuse politics with love as part of an attempt to articulate an ‘affective politics’. I focus on three aspects of her writing that have been sources of ‘interpretative trouble’ for literary criticism in Kerala: self-love, love for the Masculine Other, and ‘love for the people’. What results is an imagining of politics strikingly similar to feminist imaginations elsewhere, which does encourage us to re-examine Das’s self-professed anti-feminism.
Fascinating Similarities: Comparing Frances Power Cobbe and Karl Marx
Authors: Walton Tor
Published: July 2024

In this paper I compare various aspects of the philosophies of Frances Power Cobbe and Karl Marx, with a focus on their arguments regarding religion and science. I argue that while these two philosophers begin from radically different ideological standpoints, they still share fascinating areas of overlap that deserve attention and can shed new light on aspects of each of their philosophies. This paper is heavy on evaluation as a tool to recover the ignored philosophy of Cobbe, showing that her works have value despite their omission from the traditional philosophical canon. I argue that by comparing Cobbe as a neglected figure to a well-known figure such as Marx, not only do we gain insight into the complex ideas of Cobbe by choosing a well-known foundation on which to base our analysis, but at the same time we also establish her relevance to modern discourse.
Where Is the Son of Man Coming or Going?
Authors: MacPherson Anthony J.
Published: July 2024

In Daniel 7 the ‘Son of Man coming with the clouds’ appears to move toward (or within) heaven. In the apocalyptic discourses Jesus has the Son of Man moving in the opposite direction to earth, traditionally understood as the Second Coming. Resolutions of the discrepancy include arguing that Daniel 7 refers to Jesus’s ascension, that the Synoptics use Daniel’s language to refer to a coming in judgement against Jerusalem in A.D. 70, others suggest evolutionary developments in the early church or a mistaken Jesus. This article suggests Jesus’s use of Daniel reflects a close exegetical reading of the text. There is no discrepancy.
نقل الأدب الإسلاميّ وحفظه: بعض الأسئلة النقديّة النصّيّة
Authors: توتولي روبرتو
Published: July 2024

المستخلص

‫ينطوي نقل النصوص في الحضارة الإسلاميّة على بعض المسائل النقديّة التي تستدعي اهتمامًا ودراسةً وافية من قِبَل باحثي الأدب الإسلاميّ وطلّابه. يناقش هذا المقال، بالاستناد إلى دراسة بعض الحالات، الأسئلةَ الرئيسة المتّصلة بالنقد النصّيّ في فقه اللغة العربيّ الإسلاميّ. وتعالج الأسئلة العلاقة المعقّدة بين النقل الشفهيّ والكتابيّ، وانتشار الاختلافات الناجمة عن الروايات التي تعكس العلاقة الإشكاليّة بين النصّ ونُسَخه، ومشاكل الفهرسة المتعلّقة بظهور الطباعة في العالم الإسلاميّ. يناقش المقال في تحليله بعض الأعمال الرئيسة، بدءًا من القرآن ثمّ الحديث النبويّ وأدب قصص الأنبياء، موضحًا كيف تنشأ المشاكل النقديّة المتّصلة بالأسئلة الجوهريّة المذكورة أعلاه في أكثر النصوص موثوقيّةً أيضًا.‬
Opting Out of unclos Tribunals: The Impact of Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean (Somalia v. Kenya)
Authors: Benatar Marco , Schatz Valentin
Published: July 2024

On 2 February 2017, the International Court of Justice (icj) handed down its judgment on preliminary objections in the case concerning Maritime Delimitation in the Indian Ocean (Somalia v. Kenya) holding that it may proceed to the merits phase. Kenya had raised an objection rooted in Part xv (“Settlement of disputes”) of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (unclos). It contended that the Convention’s dispute settlement system is an agreement on the method of settlement for its maritime boundary dispute with Somalia and therefore falls within the scope of Kenya’s reservation to its optional clause declaration recognizing the Court’s jurisdiction as compulsory. The reservation excludes “[d]isputes in regard to which the parties to the dispute have agreed or shall agree to have recourse to some other method or methods of settlement”. This article provides an analysis of the icj’s interpretation of Part xv of unclos and assesses its potential implications for the Convention’s dispute settlement mechanism.
Thrips wedeliae (Priesner) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) new to India: first description of the male
Authors: TYAGI KAOMUD , KUMAR VIKAS , PAL SHASH
Published: July 2024

Thrips wedeliae (Priesner) was originally described based on a single female from Java, Indonesia. Recently, we have collected males and females of this species from Solanum mauritianum in Uttarakhand state, India. Here, males of T. wedeliae are diagnosed for the first time, along with the first record of this species from India. Due to the addition of this new record, the Indian species under the Thrips genus have increased up to 45 species. Detailed description, distribution, and illustrations of T. wedeliae are also provided.
A Preliminary Study on the Correlation Between TILs and CTCs and Clinical Value in Lung Cancer Patients Analyzed by Lipid Magnetic Microspheres
Authors: Liu Rongxing , Shen Qiurong , Lu Hongjun , Wu Zhihua
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze the advantages of TCR gene and its relationship with tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (til) and circulating tumor cells (CTCs). The properties of EpCAM and EGFR lipid magnetic microspheres were analyzed. The levels of Programmed cell death 1 ligand
1, B7-H3 and B7-H4 in peripheral blood were measured by quantitative immunofluorescence (QIF). T cell receptor expression profile and clone proliferation were detected. The prepared EpCAM and EGFR lipid magnetic microspheres showed good stability and specificity. The therapeutic method proposed
in this study is expected to be applied.
Photocatalytic ZnIn2S4 for 2-Mercaptobenzothiazole Degradation: Facile Synthesis, Influencing Factors and Mechanism
Authors: Zhao Xiao-xu , Wang Si-yao , Wang Bing-bing , Chang Na , Wang Hai-tao , Jia Yan-jun
Published: July 2024

The development of an efficient, stable and environmentally friendly semiconductor photocatalyst is great research significance in the field of environment and energy. In this paper, ZnIn2S4 semiconductor photocatalysts with flower-like hierarchies were prepared
by simple and environmentally friendly method. The influence of ZnIn2S4 dosage, pH and different inorganic salt ions on the photocatalytic degradation of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (MBT) under visible light was investigated in detail. The results showed that the photocatalyst
dosage was 0.05 g, and the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of MBT was the highest in the weakly acidic environment with pH was five. Meanwhile, the addition of some inorganic anions has a significant inhibitory effect on the photocatalytic activity of ZnIn2S4 semiconductor
photocatalyst, while cations have less effect. Moreover, the ZnIn2S4 semiconductor photocatalyst had excellent stability and recyclability, and its photodegradation mechanism had been deeply studied. This work provides a theoretical and experimental foundation for exploring
the different influencing factors of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in wastewater by other semiconductors.
Impact of Monsoon Variability on the Northern Hemisphere Terrestrial Carbon Cycle on an Interannual Time Scale
Authors: Zhang Xing , Zhou Tianjun
Published: July 2024

A monsoon climate covers a large portion of the global land and exhibits notable interannual variations. However, the effect of monsoon variability on the terrestrial carbon cycle has been investigated less due to the gap between physical and biogeochemical climate research communities. Here, using the FLUXCOM dataset, we show that the Northern Hemisphere land monsoon (NHLM) regions account for 40.24% (±3.40%) [±one standard deviation (SD)] of the climatological summer mean net ecosystem production (NEP) over the NH land from 1981 to 2010 and contribute 21.35% (±7.57%) to the interannual variability (IAV) in NH NEP. Using singular value decomposition (SVD), we find that the leading modes of NEP anomalies are associated with El Niño development and decay phases. During the El Niño–developing summer, a higher sea surface temperature in the tropical central-eastern Pacific results in reduced photosynthetic productivity and weaker carbon uptake because of the reduced precipitation associated with monsoon circulation changes. Precipitation is the predominant driver of NEP anomalies relative to temperature and radiation, contributing 65.20% in the NHLM regions. During the El Niño–decaying summer, abundant rainfall along the Yangtze River valley in China results in increased photosynthetic productivity and ecosystem respiration, leading to less change in carbon uptake. In other monsoon regions, photosynthesis anomalies are driven by higher temperatures, and respiration anomalies are driven by enhanced precipitation. Both of these conditions are favorable for the release of CO2 into the atmosphere. Our study highlights the impact of monsoon variability on the carbon cycle in monsoon regions during different phases of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) evolution.
Research and Application of Destriping Algorithm Based on Weighted Block Sparse Representation to Fengyun Satellite Imager Data
Authors: Qu Jianhua , Qin Ping , Yu Weichu , Yan Junjie , Yuan Mingge
Published: July 2024

In remote sensing imaging systems, stripe noise is a pervasive issue primarily caused by the inconsistent response of multiple detectors. Stripe noise not only affects image quality but also severely hinders subsequent quantitative derived products and applications. Therefore, it is crucial to eliminate stripe noise while preserving detailed structure information in order to enhance image quality. Although existing destriping methods have achieved certain effects to some extent, they still face problems such as loss of image details, image blur, and ringing artifacts. To address these issues, this study proposes an image stripe correction algorithm based on weighted block sparse representation. This research applies techniques such as differential low-rank constraint and edge weight factor to remove stripe noise while retaining image detail information. The algorithm also uses the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) to solve the minimax concave penalty (MCP)-regularized least squares optimization problem model, improving the processing efficiency of the model. The results of this study have been applied and validated in imager data from the Medium Resolution Spectral Imager (MERSI-II) onboard Fengyun-3D satellite, the multichannel scanning radiometer [Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager (AGRI)] onboard Fengyun-4A satellite, and precipitation microwave radiometer [Microwave Radiation Imager-Rainfall Mission (MWRI-RM)] onboard Fengyun-3G. Compared to typical stripe correction methods, the proposed method achieves better stripe removal while preserving image detail information. The destriped image data can be used to generate high-quality quantitative products for various applications. Overall, by combining insights from prior research and innovative techniques, this study provides a more effective and robust solution to the stripe noise problem in remote sensing and weather forecast.

Significance Statement

Stripe noise is a persistent problem in remote sensing imaging systems, hindering image quality and subsequent analysis. This study introduces a novel algorithm based on weighted block sparse representation to remove stripe noise while preserving image details. By incorporating techniques like differential low-rank constraint and edge weight factor, our method achieves superior stripe removal. The proposed approach was validated using data from MERSI-II and AGRI satellites, showing its effectiveness in enhancing image quality. This research provides a more robust solution to the stripe noise issue, benefiting various applications in remote sensing and weather forecast.
A lightweight and accurate recognition algorithm of pointer meter based on improved Deeplabv3+ for inspection robots
Authors: Tao Jin , Zeng Liang , Chen Xuan , Fu Jianji , Xu Zhouyi , Zhang Jianhuan , Zhang Chentao
Published: July 2024

Pointer meter is widely utilized in the fields of modern industry. Nowadays, intelligent inspection robots are gradually employed in place of labors for inspection task. Pointer meter recognition is one of the most important tasks of inspection robots. This article presents a lightweight pointer meter recognition algorithm, which is suitable for deployment on inspection robots. First, pointer meter is identified by pruned YOLOv5. Afterwards, the dial and the pointer are segmented through improved Deeplabv3+ in which the JPU and depthwise separable convolutions are utilized in lieu of dilated convolutions. After perspective transform and central-line extraction of pointer, the reading of the pointer meter can be determined using the angle method. Experimental results verify the FPS of pruned YOLOv5 improves 13.18% compared to original YOLOv5 and the FPS of improved Deeplabv3+ improves 45.74% compared to original Deeplabv3+. Additionally, the reading accuracy of the algorithm is 98.40% and average fiducial error is 0.32%, which indicate good accuracy. The relative standard deviation of reading is less than 1.4%, which indicates good stability of proposed algorithm. This study proposes a lightweight and accurate pointer meter recognition algorithm based on improved Deeplabv3+, the algorithm is ported to NVIDIA Jetson TX2 NX to verify its stability and accuracy.
How Retailers Change Ordering Strategies When Suppliers Go Direct
Authors: Van Crombrugge Michiel , Breugelmans Els , Gryseels Femke , Cleeren Kathleen
Published: July 2024

This study empirically investigates whether and to what extent suppliers’ decisions to start selling directly to end consumers provoke reactions in the ordering strategy of downstream channel partners, such as independent multibrand retailers. Using a multimethod approach that combines transactional data, survey data, and a scenario-based experiment, the authors demonstrate that retailers tend to exit these relationships after a direct channel introduction, as exhibited by their strategic decisions to order fewer distinct stockkeeping units (SKUs), accompanied by higher wholesale prices per unit. On average, retailers decrease the number of distinct SKUs ordered by 15 (or 18.75%) and pay a higher average wholesale price by €.79 (or 20.84%). Yet the responses also differ across retailers, reflecting moderating impacts of retailer power, expertise, and relationship quality. Retailer power emerges as a robust moderating factor, with more powerful retailers indicating a lower propensity to exit the relationship. Expertise and relationship quality have more nuanced influences on retailers’ ordering strategies. The multimethod approach serves to reveal the underlying mechanisms of these moderating effects, such that both rational (coercive power and switching costs) and emotional (conflict and confidence) considerations are in play.
Decolonisation and South African Psychology research 30 years after democracy
Authors: Macleod Catriona Ida , du Plessis Ulandi , Mogonong Laurah
Published: July 2024

On the occasion of 30 years of South African democracy, we reflect on the current state of Psychology research in South Africa. We conducted a situational analysis of all papers appearing in the South African Journal of Psychology ( SAJP) and abstracts in PsycINFO with the keyword ‘South Africa’ over the last 5 years and compared the results with a previous review that used the same methodology. Findings show an increase in papers using ‘hard’ science approaches and a decrease in systems-oriented theories. Assessment remains a major topic. While COVID-19 and climate change featured, there remains a lack of or low focus on several key psycho-social issues experienced by South Africans. People living in poorer provinces and young and older people are under-represented in knowledge production. Collaborations or comparisons with other African or South American countries have decreased. Positively, production is being spearheaded by South African scholars or people affiliated with South African institutions. Using a decolonising lens that foregrounds epistemic justice, we conclude that substantial work remains to be done for knowledge production in South African Psychology to fulfil the decolonising imperative of distributive epistemic justice.
Comparing Long- Versus Short-Forms of Depression Scales in an Omnibus Longitudinal Survey
Authors: Wu Qiong , Qian Haozhi
Published: July 2024

Many large scale omnibus surveys have adopted shorter versions of the original lengthy psychological scales for efficiency. Evidence is lacking on the impact of different forms on respondent behaviors and data analysis. This study focuses on the widely used Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) as a case in point, by utilizing data from the nationally representative China Family Panel Studies. It compares CES-D20 with CES-D8 as they have been applied to two separate and equivalent groups. Our findings suggest that reducing the test length from CES-D20 to CES-D8 does not lead to a notable reduction to their psychometric qualities. Respondent behaviors as measured by survey perceptions in its concurrent wave, and attrition rates two years later are not affected by the forms. Analysis by combining data from the two forms is possible after proper conversion of the scores to be on the same metric without worrying about the form effect. In conclusion, the findings provide supporting evidence for a possible smooth transition between long and short forms of scales under proper survey designs.
Carvedilol alleviates the detrimental effects of azathioprine on hepatic tissues in experimental rats: Focusing on redox system, inflammatory and apoptosis pathways
Authors: Shalkami Abdel-Gawad S. , El-Shoura Ehab A. M. , Hassan Mohammed I. A.
Published: July 2024

Purpose

Drug-induced liver injury is becoming an increasingly important topic in drug research and clinical practice. Due to a lack of experimental animal models, predicting drug-induced liver injury in humans is challenging. Azathioprine (AZA) is a classical immunosuppressant with hepatotoxic adverse effects. The present study aimed to address the hepatoprotective effect of carvedilol (CAR) against AZA-induced hepatocellular injury via assessing redox-sensitive signals.

Method

To achieve this purpose, rats were allocated into four groups: control, CAR only, AZA only, and CAR plus AZA groups. The induction of hepatic injury was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of AZA at a dose of 50 mg/kg on the 6th day of the experiment. Each experimental protocol was approved and supervised by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments.

Results

The results of the present study revealed that CAR administration significantly diminished AZA-induced hepatic dysfunction, as evidenced by relief of hepatic function biomarkers and histopathological aberration induced by AZA injection. Besides, CAR restored oxidant/antioxidant balance as well as NRF2 expression. In addition, CAR suppressed inflammatory response induced by AZA challenge as evidenced by downregulation of TLR4, TNF-α, MPO, and eNOS/iNOS levels in hepatic tissue. Moreover, CAR recovered apoptotic/anti-apoptotic status by modulation of caspase-3/Bcl2 expression.

Conclusion

Taken together, CAR protects against AZA-induced hepatic injury via antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic activities. These findings revealed that CAR could be a good candidate for hepatic injury protection and can be added to AZA therapeutic regimen to reduce their adverse effect.