bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Land use mix and physical activity in middle-aged and older adults: a longitudinal study examining changes in land use mix in two Dutch cohorts
Authors: Noordzij J. Mark , Beenackers M.A. , Groeniger J. Oude , Timmermans E.J. , Motoc I. , Huisman M. , Lenthe F.J. van
Published: December 2020

BACKGROUNDWith urbanization and aging increasing in coming decades, societies face the challenge of keeping aging populations active. Land use mix (LUM) has been associated with cycling and walking, but whether changes in LUM relate to changes in cycling/walking is less known. OBJECTIVESOur objective was to study the effect of LUM on cycling/walking in two Dutch aging cohorts using data with 10 years of follow-up. METHODSData from 1,183 respondents from the Health and Living Conditions of the Population of Eindhoven and Surroundings (GLOBE) study and 918 respondents from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA) were linked to LUM in 1000-meter sausage network buffers at three time-points. Cycling/walking outcomes were harmonized to include average minutes spent cycling/walking per week. Data was pooled and limited to respondents that did not relocate between follow-up waves. Associations between LUM and cycling/walking were estimated using a Random Effects Within-Between (REWB) model that allows for the estimation of both within and between effects. Sensitivity analyses were performed on smaller (500-meter) and larger (1600-meter) buffers. RESULTSWe found evidence of between-individual associations of LUM in 1000-meter buffers and walking (β: 11.10, 95% CI: 0.08 ; 21.12), but no evidence of within-associations in 1000-meter buffers. Sensitivity analyses using 500-meter buffers showed similar between-associations, but negative within-associations (β: -35.67, 95% CI: -68.85 ; -2.49). We did not find evidence of between-individual associations of LUM in any buffer size and cycling, but did find evidence of negative within-associations between LUM in 1600-meter buffers and cycling (β: -7.49, 95% CI: -14.31 ; -0.66). DISCUSSIONOur study found evidence of positive associations between LUM and average walking time, but also some evidence of negative associations between a change in LUM and cycling/walking. LUM appears to be related to cycling/walking, but the effect of changes in LUM on cycling/walking is unclear.
Uridine Diphosphate (UDP) Promotes Rheumatoid Arthritis Through P2Y6 Activation
Authors: Wang Hongxing , Wu Hui , Fang Kehua , Chang Xiaotian
Published: December 2020

Background: Uridine diphosphate (UDP) is an extracellular nucleotide signaling molecule implicated in diverse biological processes via specific activation of pyrimidinergic receptor P2Y, G Protein-Coupled, 6 (P2Y6). There is very little knowledge about the function and mechanism of UDP in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).Methods: This study used a quasi-targeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) approach to investigate the unique expression of metabolites in RA synovial fluids (SF) (n = 10) with samples from osteoarthritis (OA) as controls (n = 10). RA fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) were collected from synovial tissues (n = 5) and cultured with UDP or MRS2578, a P2Y6 antagonist, and FLSs from OA were used as controls (n = 5). Rats with collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) were injected with UDP, MRS2578 or both (n = 9 for each group). P2Y6 expression was examined using real-time PCR, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. Cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration of RA FLSs were measured using CCK-8 assay, real-time cell analysis, flow cytometry, wound healing assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The UDP levels in the culture medium, synovial fluid (n = 36) and peripheral blood (n = 36) of RA and CIA rats were measured using a Transcreener UDP Assay. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines were measured using a flow assay. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured using ELISA and flowResults：LC-MS analysis detected significantly increased UDP levels in RA SF compared with OA SF, and the level was positively correlated with anticyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) and rheumatoid factor (RF) levels in RA. The increased UDP concentration was verified in the blood and synovial fluids of RA patients compared with samples from OA patients and healthy volunteers, respectively. UDP stimulated cell proliferation, migration and IL-6 secretion in RA FLSs and inhibited their apoptosis in culture, and MRS2578 inhibited these effects of UDP. UDP injection accelerated CIA and stimulated IL-6 production rather than other proinflammatory cytokines in the rat model, but simultaneous injection of MRS2578 suppressed these effects and alleviated CIA. P2Y6 expression was increased in RA and CIA synovial tissues.Conclusion: These results suggest that UDP is highly expressed in RA and stimulates RA pathogenesis by promoting P2Y6 activities to increase IL-6 production.
Additive-Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V/Polyetheretherketone Composite Porous Cage for Interbody Fusion: Bone Growth and Biocompatibility Evaluation in a Porcine Model
Authors: Tsai Pei-I , Wu Meng-Huang , Li Yen-Yao , Lin Tzu-Hung , Tsai Jane SC , Huang Hsin-I , Lai Hong-Jen , Lee Ming-Hsueh , Chen Chih-Yu
Published: December 2020

Background: We developed a porous Ti alloy/PEEK composite interbody cage by utilizing the advantages of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) and titanium alloy (Ti alloy) in combination with additive manufacturing technology. Methods: Porous Ti alloy/PEEK composite cages were manufactured using various controlled porosities. Anterior intervertebral lumbar fusion and posterior augmentation were performed at three vertebral levels on 20 female pigs. Each level was randomly implanted with one of the five cages that were tested: a commercialized pure PEEK cage, a Ti alloy/PEEK composite cage with nonporous Ti alloy endplates, and three composite cages with porosities of 40%, 60%, and 80%, respectively. Micro-computed tomography (CT), backscattered-electron SEM (BSE-SEM), and histological analyses were performed. Results: Micro-CT and histological analyses revealed improved bone growth in high-porosity groups. Micro-CT and BSE-SEM demonstrated that structures with high porosities, especially 60% and 80%, facilitated more bone formation inside the implant but not outside the implant. Histological analysis also showed that bone formation was higher in Ti alloy groups than in the PEEK group. Conclusion: The composite cage presents the biological advantages of Ti alloy porous endplates and the mechanical and radiographic advantages of the PEEK central core, which makes it suitable for use as a single implant for intervertebral fusion.
Policy and Weather Influences on Mobility during the Early U.S. COVID-19 Pandemic 
Authors: Wu Yihan , Mooring Todd , Linz Marianna
Published: December 2020

As the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 continues to proliferate across the globe, it is a struggle to predict and prevent its spread. The successes of mobility interventions demonstrate how policies can help limit the person-to-person interactions that are essential to infection. With significant community spread, experts predict this virus will continue to be a threat until a safe and effective vaccine has been developed and widely deployed.3 We aim to understand mobility changes during the first major quarantine period in the United States, measured via mobile device tracking, by assessing how people changed their behavior in response to policies and to weather. Here we show that consistent national messaging was associated with consistent national behavioral change, regardless of local policy. Furthermore, while behavior changed with weather conditions, generally the changes did not increase encounters between people. The independence of encounters and temperatures suggests that behavioral changes may have at most a limited impact relative to any direct physical modulation of transmission by weather. Both of these results are encouraging for the potential of clear national messaging to help contain any future pandemics, and possibly to help contain COVID-19.
Impact of COVID-19 on Health-related Quality of Life in Patients With Cardiovascular Disease: a Multi-ethnic Asian Study
Authors: Lim Shir Lynn , Woo Kai Lee , Lim Eleanor , Ng Faclin , Chan Mark YY , Gandhi Mihir
Published: December 2020

BackgroundLittle is known about the impact of the global coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD), the biggest global killer and major risk factor for severe COVID-19 infections. We aim to explore the indirect consequences of COVID-19 on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients with CVD.MethodsEighty-one adult outpatients with CVD were assessed using the EQ-5D, a generic health status instrument with five dimensions (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, anxiety/depression), before and during the pandemic. Changes in the EQ-5D dimensional responses were compared categorically as well as using the dimension-specific sum-score (range 1 to 3, with a higher score indicating worse health). The responses and sum-score were compared using the exact test of symmetry and the paired t-test, respectively.ResultsThese patients [mean age (SD) 59.8 (10.5); 92.6% males; 56% New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class I] had coronary artery disease (69%), heart failure (28%), or arrhythmias (15%). None experienced change in NYHA class between assessments.About 30% and 38% of patients reported problems with at least one of the EQ-5D dimensions pre-pandemic and during the pandemic, respectively. The highest increase in health problems was reported for anxiety/depression (12.5% pre-pandemic vs 23.5% during pandemic; p = 0.035) with mean domain-specific score from 1.12 (SD 0.33) to 1.25 (SD 0.46) (standardized effect size=0.373, p = 0.012). There was no meaningful change in other dimensions as well as overall HRQoL.ConclusionThe COVID-19 pandemic is associated with a significant worsening of the mental health of patients with CVD.
Analysis of serum levels of organochlorine pesticides and related factors in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Xu Shaoqing , Yang Xiaodong , Qian Yiwei , Wan Dayong , Sun Fenghua , Luo Qian , Song Yanyan , Xiao Qin
Published: December 2020

Background: There is evidence that genetic and environmental factors contribute to the onset and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Pesticides are a class of environmental toxins that are linked to increased risk of PD. However, few studies have investigated the interaction between specific pesticides and genetic variants related to PD in the Chinese population.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 19 serum levels of pesticides were measured. In addition, we also analyzed the interaction between specific pesticides and candidate genetic variants for PD. Finally, we investigated the mechanistic basis for the association between pesticides and increased risk of PD.Results: Serum levels of organochlorine pesticides including α-hexachlorocyclohexane (α-HCH), β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, propanil, heptachlor, dieldrin, hexachlorobenzene, p,p’-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p,p’-DDE) and o,p’-dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (o,p’-DDT) were higher in PD patients than in controls. α-HCH and propanil levels were associated with increased PD risk. Serum levels of dieldrin were associated with Hamilton Depression Scale and Montreal Cognitive Assessment scores in PD patients. Interactions between high pesticide levels and polymorphisms in rs11931074 and rs16940758 (α-HCH or β-HCH interacted with TT genotype in rs11931074 and δ-HCH interacted with TT genotype in rs16940758) were associated with the risk of PD. In cell model, α-HCH and propanil increased the level of reactive oxygen species and decreased the mitochondrial membrane potential. Propanil but not α-HCH induced the aggregation of α-synuclein.Conclusions: Elevated serum levels of α-HCH and propanil are associated with increased risk of PD. Serum levels of dieldrin were associated with depression and cognitive function in PD patients. The interaction between genetic variants and pesticides also increased the risk of PD. Effects of genetic variants and pesticides on the risk of PD should be studied in more detail with a larger sample size to further understand the mechanisms involved.
Photoelectrical properties investigated on individual Si nanowires and their size dependence
Authors: Hu Xiaofeng , Li Shujie , Jiang Zuimin , Yang Xinju
Published: December 2020

Periodically ordered arrays of vertically aligned Si nanowires (Si NWs) are successfully fabricated with controllable diameters and lengths. Their photoconductive properties are investigated by photoconductive atomic force microscopy (PCAFM) on individual nanowires. The results show that the photocurrent of Si NWs increases significantly with the laser intensity, indicating that Si NWs have good photoconductance and photoresponse capability. This photo-enhanced conductance can be attributed to the photo-induced Schottky barrier change, confirmed by I-V curve analyses. On the other hand, electrostatic force microscopy (EFM) results indicate that a large number of photo-generated charges are trapped in Si NWs under laser irradiation, leading to the lowering of barrier height. Moreover, the size dependence of photoconductive properties is studied on Si NWs with different diameters and lengths. It is found that the increasing magnitude of photocurrent with laser intensity is greatly relevant to the nanowires’ diameter and length. Si NWs with smaller diameters and shorter lengths display better photoconductive properties, which agrees well with the size-dependent barrier height variation induced by photo-generated charges. With optimized diameter and length, great photoelectrical properties are achieved on Si NWs. Overall, in this study the photoelectrical properties of individual Si NWs are systematically investigated by PCAFM and EFM, providing important information for the optimization of nanostructures for practical applications.
Impact of baseline clinical and radiological features on outcome of chronic rhinosinusitis in granulomatosis with polyangiitis
Authors: Holme Sigrun Skaar , Kilian Karin , Eggesbø Heidi B. , Moen Jon Magnus , Molberg Øyvind
Published: December 2020

Background: Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) causes a recurring inflammation in nose and paranasal sinuses that clinically resembles chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) of other aetiologies. While sinonasal inflammation is not among the life-threatening features of GPA, patients report it to have major negative impact on quality of life. A relatively large proportion of GPA patients have severe CRS with extensive damage to nose and sinus structures evident by CT, but risk factors for severe CRS development remain largely unknown. In this study, we aimed to identify clinical and radiological predictors of CRS-related damage in GPA.Methods: We included GPA patients who had clinical data sets from time of diagnosis, and two or more paranasal sinus CT scans obtained ≥ 12 months apart available for analysis. We defined time from first to last CT as the study observation period, and evaluated CRS development across this period using CT scores for inflammatory sinus bone thickening (osteitis), bone destructions and sinus opacifications (here defined as mucosal disease). In logistic regression, we applied osteitis as main outcome measure for CRS-related damage.Results: We evaluated 697 CT scans obtained over median 5 years observation from 116 GPA patients. We found that 39% (45/116) of the GPA patients remained free from CRS damage across the study observation period, while 33% (38/116) had progressive damage. By end of observation, 32% (37/116) of the GPA patients had developed severe osteitis. We identified mucosal disease at baseline as a predictor for osteitis (Odds Ratio 1.33), and we found that renal involvement at baseline was less common in patients with severe osteitis at last CT (41%, 15/37) than in patients with no osteitis (60%, 27/45).Conclusions: In this largely unselected GPA patient cohort, baseline sinus mucosal disease associated with CRS-related damage, as measured by osteitis at end of follow-up. We found no significant association with clinical factors, but the data set indicated an inverse relationship between renal involvement and severe sinonasal affliction.
Conservative media media-frames
Authors: Ryzhenko Lyudmila
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Media researchers are still worried about the quality of journalism, the presence or absence of quality journalistic texts. It can be argued that the problem of the quality of journalism in various aspects seems to have won a central place in academic debate. Topicality. Goal. Media researchers are still worried about the quality of journalism, the presence or absence of quality journalistic texts. It can be argued that the problem of the quality of journalism in its various aspects seems to have won a central place in academic debate. The purpose of the article is to determine whether there is a relationship between the two phenomena mentioned above. The object of the article is conservative media. The subject of the article is media frames within which conservative media operate. Research methods are based on a combination of general scientific methods of studying the specificity of analysis of social and communication phenomena. The analytical-synthetic method and the method of determining the specific segmentation of the targeted delineated content were used. Results. Under the journalistic frame, we understand some media coverage of a problem in such a way that should facilitate a certain interpretation of what actually happened, with an emphasis on specific details and nuances. In this sense, the goal of conservatives is to determine whether the media frameworks in which journalistic content was delivered and which dominated dispute resolution are those characteristics that distinguish collective action from those social movements that are commonly used to digitalize society. In this case, it is a question of whether conservative journalistic discourse, in general, assumes the form and essence of digitalizing discourse in favor of the rejection of rhetoric, which defends the objection of conscience as a form of protest. Conclusions and Prospects. There is a component of justice; its inclusion in the general discourse of discussions is a key factor in building content that promotes social digitizers. In the context of conservative content, this element is particularly evident through three features: the inclusion of a lexicon used by the authors on the topic of discussion; own discourse of conservative media; the dissemination by conservative media of such arguments made by the public that indicate complaints about education reform. Keywords: audience, journalism, conservative mass media, content, strategy, pressure.
Live-TV and interactive broadcasting: genre features
Authors: Yatchuk Olha
Published: December 2020

Introduction. Research on live broadcasting television and interactive projects is an
important contribution not only to the history and theory of social communications, but also a promising field for further research of this type of broadcasting that can be also applied to the investigation of the Internet. Generalization and distinguishing features of this type of broadcasting are less common in the scientific community.
During the research the following methods were used: historical and historical-comparative to analyze and organize data concerning ways of live broadcasting and interactive programs formation; systematization, classification, and clustering methods were used to get generalizations. A comparative method was implemented to distinguish common and diverse features of different types of broadcasting which are used in broadcast journalism.
The content analysis method was applied for the organization of data concerning the development of programs, which use the interaction with the viewer as a certain communicative technology.
The purpose of our study is to formulate a certain concept of genre features that are
typical for interactive and live television broadcasting. We set out the following tasks: to
distinguish the features of interactive and live broadcasting; outline their particularities
in the different types of broadcasting and offer promising directions for using that type of broadcasting.
This allowed us to distinguish the difference between live and interactive broadcasting,
to focus on time and duration of interaction, to trace the use of different genres in these
types of programs, to distinguish their specific features, to generalize and classify them, to identify promising directions of research.
Results and conclusions. Live interactive television is characterized by a genre-themed
variety. Language-communication and an improvisational script are mainly used in live
broadcasting that motivates the audience to engage, provides lasting interest, trust, and
positive changes in the image of the channel.
News uses live broadcasting as the main way of organization of information (using
«live» or stream of momentous events broadcasting), the use of interactivity in this type
of broadcasting is indirect and is more oriented to further communication using individual touchpoints. Analytical programs are represented by various conversations in-studio and telemarathon. Viewer interaction is limited to the «viewer as one of the audience» type. Entertainment broadcasting is presented in such formats as Life-Show, Reality-Show (one of its varieties is Talent-Show), and Intelligence-Show, where interaction with the viewer is one of the formative factors. We see the benefits of this type of television among other forms of broadcasting in economic, dramatic, ideological, and communication aspects.

Keywords: interactive television, communication, media audience, live television,
television content.
The ambiguity of Panteleimon Kulish’s figure in the assessment of Ukrainian emigration
Authors: Sydorenko Natalya
Published: December 2020

The aim of the study is to identify the main characteristics of P. Kulish by the representatives of Ukrainian emigration in the twentieth century, focusing on aspects of the extraordinary personality in Ukrainian culture and literature. The object of the research is literary-critical and non-fiction (publicist) articles, as well as correspondence of some representatives of Ukrainian intellectual emigration (in particular Ye. Malaniuk, I. Kachurovsky, A. Zhyvotko, Yu. Коsach, Yu. Shevelov), which addressed their works to the figure and creativity of P. Kulish.
Methods. According to the indexes and content of literary-critical and non-fiction works
of certain critics, journalists, and scientists in the diaspora, the appeal to the name of P. Kulish is traced, as well as characterization of his personality in the Ukrainian press of the postwar period in the territory of Germany (in particular in the years of his 50th anniversary and 60th anniversary of death – 1947, 1957). Methods of analysis, induction and deduction, comparison, synthesis, and generalization made it possible to distinguish the main features of P. Kulish – the creator of the Ukrainian nation, a state-maker, a true European, a unique personality.
Results and conclusions. The «integrity», «universality», «synthetics», «versatility» of
P. Kulish still remains to be explored in some aspects. Many biographies, essays, articles were published in order to descry his creative, rebellious, and not always consistent nature, to reveal historical intuition, political foresight, ideas about independence and statehood of Ukraine, to understand innovative steps in literature, translation, language, historiosophy, to emphasize persistent publishing and editorial activities, etc. Both domestic and emigration researchers tried to convey the greatness of P. Kulish in the translations of his works, at the same time the Ukrainian public recognized the «living person», a prominent figure «in the gallery of the creators of our post-Shevchenko cultural and historical process».
Therefore, they still have not lost their symbolic and critical coloration of the estimation and characteristics of P. Kulish, although not all of these works are known today in Ukraine.
Key words: Panteleimon Kulish, Ukrainian emigration, literary-critical and non-fiction
(publicistic) articles, creator of nation, European orientations.
Panteleimon Kulish as a Ukrainian informator (based on epistolary literature)
Authors: Tymofieieva Kateryna
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the coverage of the epistolary work of Panteleimon Kulish, who by his titanic work was able to cover all spheres of the then cultural and political life of Ukraine and to become an informant. The purpose of the article is to identify the communicative and informational components in the cultural and political activity of P. Kulish. Through persistent and tireless publishing, journalistic, translation, literary-critical, writing, pedagogical, historical-ethnographic work and public-political
and educational activities, Kulish has proved to be a brilliant Ukrainian informant. All of Kulish’s informative activity was aimed at the ascending mission – awakening the national consciousness of the Ukrainian people! The creation of the Ukrainian national space is the key to the successful and dignified life of the Ukrainian people.
Keywords: P. Kulish, epistolary, communication, informative activity, national consciousness.
The ideological discourse of quasi-communication
Authors: Pavlyuk Ihor
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this article is to analyze the archetypical models of quasi-confrontation
in artistic and documentary texts through ideological matrices (lie-defense, lie-fear, like aggression, irony, hypnosis, meditation, lie-ritual) of social and biological systems, creative individuals, the concept of game and battle in human society, flora and fauna on the individual and global levels encoded in images is shown.
Methods of research: phenomenological (unbiased description), comparative (comparison of quasi-confessional models of behavior in the animal-plant world and human society and text expression in different hourly coordinates), psychoanalytic (sounding archetypes), hermeneutic (penetration into the meanings of texts), semiotic, game (the disclosure of the mechanisms of the development of the phenomenon), deconstructivist (search for marginal values in texts and meanings of consciousness).
Results and conclusions of the study. Since we have proved that in any society it is
impossible to get rid of quasi-communication, this article – an attempt to offer methods for its recognition, how to create a general scientific methodology of recognition, the apparatus of categories, does not exist without metaphysical reductionism, philosophical dualism, the natural and historical origin of the phenomena of the psyche and consciousness, natural and artificial intelligence, the synthesis of analytical traditions of English-speaking philosophy and dialectical traditions of continental European philosophy, interrelations of natural, technical, social, cultural, humanitarian, historical disciplines. The biggest contradiction and the biggest paradox that most often turns “honest” communication into quasi-communication is that communication is individually-national in form and mass international, global in content.
Keywords: quasi-communication, ideology, archetype, lie, game, battle, lie detector, text..
COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE OF THE SPECIAL INFORMATION SERVICE (based
on Hnat Porokhivsky’s archive-investigative case materials)
Authors: Vlasenko V. M. , Murashko Е. А
Published: December 2020

The lack of the scientific literature concerning the Intelligence Service of Romania
(Special Information Service) is stated. Only some references to the activities of the Intelligence
Service of Romania on the territory of Ukraine are mentioned in the isolated publications. The
authors used the documents and materials from Hnat Porokhivsky’s archive-investigative case
which is kept in the Sectoral State Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine. The materials mentioned above are representative and fill the gap in the issue concerning the structure of the Special Information Service of Romania and provide a certain indication about its composition.
The fact that Hnat Porokhivsky was a colonel of the UNR Army and the leader of the
Ukrainian military emigration in Romania is mentioned. Hnat Porokhivsky’s main biographical milestones, his socio-political and military activities are covered. His organizational skills, professional knowledge in the sphere of secret service, and counterespionage were used by the Intelligence Service of Romania. Not being a citizen of Romania, he made a valuable contribution to the process of the Romanian secret service development.
The Special Information Service had a complicated multi-stage structure with the
an extensive network of intelligence centers, sub-centers, rezidenturas, agents, and support divisions on the territories of both Romania and the Soviet Union on the eve of World War II. Different intelligence units of the Special Information Service of Romania operated on the occupied territories of Ukraine from 1941 to 1944. The central authorities and regional offices heads’ and staff members’ surnames (sometimes pseudonyms) are specified.
From the authors’ point of view, the most promising studies are those ones of the
Intelligence Service of Romania espionage, counterespionage and propagandistic activities, Ukrainian and Russian immigrants’ participation in this process, and Special Information Service cooperation with secret services of Germany and Japan.
Keywords: intelligence (secret) service, Hnat Porokhivsky, rezidentura, Romania,
Special Information Service, Ukrainian emigration, center.
THE XVII CENTURY BURIAL PLACES ON THE TERRITORY OF THE PUTIVL
FORTRESS
Authors: Osadchy Y. M. , Nesterenko V. A
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the burial places excavations on the territory of
the hill-fort “Horodok” in the town of Putivl. Twelve burial places were investigated in 1981. All of them had been made in the common gravel pit approximately 1 meter deep. The bodies of the dead lay side by side which testifies to the fact of performing the rituals at the same time. All the bodies belonged to the children aged six months to 4-5 years. Their skeletons were fragmented, the most often found parts were only the large bones of limbs, pelvis, and skulls remains. That burial of collective nature was a mass grave of the pandemic time known as Aleksey Mykhailovych’s plague. During that period very strict quarantine measures (including locking down the fortresses) were enabled on the territory of the Moscow kingdom. In that case, the plague’s victims were buried at the Spaso-Preobrazhensk cathedral cemetery, which is situated in the Old Town. The twin burial of a woman with a child is of great interest. The particularity of that case lies in some details of the funeral rites like placing the child’s body at the feet of the mother in the Northern direction and the woman’s body orientation with the head to the South. The burials of this sort are not found among the Christian population of the Psyol river basin in the Putivl region. In this case, the buried persons belonged to the different people who appeared in the town of Putivl for some unknown reasons. Similar burials are common for the peoples of the Volga river basin and they are regarded as exceptional for the Tatars. The thoroughness of the work may be indicative of the fact that the ritual was performed by close relatives or the people of the same blood familiar with similar traditions. Thus, the examined mass grave belongs to some Putivl inhabitants who died during the plague period which dates back to 1654-1655 while the twin burial belongs to the representatives of the Volga river basin peoples.
Keywords: burial, Putivl, archeology.
COVERAGE OF PRIMARY EDUCATION DEVELOPMENT IN 1941-1943 BYTHE LOCAL PRESS (ON THE EXAMPLE OFTHE NEWSPAPER "REVIVAL" OF ROMNY)
Authors: Olitskyi V. O
Published: December 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of the local press publications of the primary
school formation and development in the military zone during the occupation period. The analysis is based on the example of the newspaper “The Renaissance”. The main types of publications are identified and characterized. It was found out that the newspaper “The Renaissance” used to publish primary education data on a regular basis. The amount of the data was increasing gradually at the end and beginning of every academic year. In fact, all the given information covered the local aspect of the issue. The suggested educational concept of primary school is described. It is established that the authors of the publications emphasized the importance of national-patriotic and religious education use. Hygiene and the environment were considered. The formation of the image of the teacher was of great importance. Both public praise and criticism were used for this purpose. The block of materials consisted of
best practices, advanced training, etc.
It was also determined that the problem of providing new textbooks played an important role. The newspaper published recommendations for teaching in the absence of new textbooks and didactic materials. In addition, the process of editing old textbooks by teachers is described thoroughly.
The coverage of the peculiarities of primary education revival and the main problems
associated with this process is described. It was found out, that most publications were statistical in nature, thus they were the least being exposed to propaganda. The local authorities’ orders regarding school issues usually published in the newspaper columns were important for describing the peculiarities of the educational process improvement. It was found that there was a hint of both the Soviet education system and Soviet teacher criticism in the vast majority of articles. At the same time, the newspaper’s columns often contained the promotion of the feeling of gratitude and devotion to the German people and the Fuhrer.
Keywords: World War II,
NURSE KNOWLEDGE REGARDING INTRAVENOUS THERAPY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors:   ijar, Kumar Tailor Sunil , K Mudgal Shiv , Singh Chundawat Digpal , Kumar Nehra Krishan
Published: December 2020

Context: In hospital settings, most of the time intravenous fluids and drugs administered to patients and nurses are responsible for administration and care of intravenous therapy. However, patients may develop complications related to intravenous therapy due to inadequate competency and knowledge of nurses regarding intravenous therapy. Aims: The present study was conducted to ascertain the knowledge regarding administration and care of intravenous therapy among the staff nurses working at tertiary care hospitals. Methods: A Cross-Sectional research design was adopted to ascertain the nurses knowledge of intravenous therapy. A total of 400 nurses were selected through simple random sampling technique from a tertiary care hospital. A self-structured questionnaire was used to assess the nurses knowledge of IV therapy. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistic. Result: The finding of the study indicated that the overall mean knowledge score of nurses was 15.71Â±4.18. The demographic variables which influenced the level of nurses knowledge significantly were their professional education (p=0.003) and attended refresher courses on IV therapy (p=0.000). Conclusion: Nurses had an inadequate level of knowledge on administration and care of IV therapy. The administration of IV therapy could be improved by the provision of the in-service education programme.
OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE OF THE SCHEDULED CASTE WOMEN IN KERALA
Authors:   Associate Professor, Post Graduate Research Department Of Economics, Mar Dionysius College, Pazhanji, Kerala., P.M Rejimon , R Smitha ,   Assistant Professor, Department Of Economics, Sri. C. Achutha Menon Govt. College Thrissur, Kuttanellur, Kerala.
Published: December 2020

Kerala, which ranks first among the Indian States in terms of Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Development Index (GDI), presents, however, a poor picture in terms of female work participation. This is paradoxical since the development experience of the State is universally acclaimed as a model for poor States to follow for transforming the living conditions of their people, through enlightened policies of promotion of health care and education. But, the most tragic failure of development in the State is the acute unemployment and low labour force participation rates of both men and women. Reckoned in terms of all the three measures of unemployment Ã‚Â– usual status, current weekly status, and current daily status - used by NSS, Kerala has the highest incidence of unemployment both for males and females and in rural as well as urban areas. Educated unemployment in the State is even more severe. This paper analyse the occupational structure of the scheduled caste women in the State.
A STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SELF INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE ON SWINE FLU VACCINE AMONG THE PARENTS OF UNDER 3 YEAR CHILDREN IN PEDIATRIC WARD OF SELECTED HOSPITAL DEHRADUN
Authors:   Student (M.Sc Nursing), Shree Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand., Pal Ekta , Kumar Sharma Praveen ,   Student (M.Sc Nursing), Shree Guru Ram Rai University, Dehradun, Uttrakhand.
Published: December 2020

Back ground:-The new human H1N1 flu strain of avian origin kept transmitting among human populations. Then, a small outbreak of swine H1N1 occurred in humans. Swine flu spread very rapidly world wide due to itshigh human to human transmission rate and due to the frequency of air travel. Swine flu is a communicable disease that is caused due to H1N1 virus. This virus enters the body through the mouth and nose and if a healthy person comes in contact with an infected individual. It attacks the immune system and causes a my riad of diseases, mainly respiratory disorders. The people who are easily susceptible to this disease are pregnant women, young children, Individuals who have a history of respiratory or lung diseases, etc. During influenza outbreak, it is critical for monitoring the spread of disease, for knowing the potential of the virus to cause a pandemic and for creating the life saving vaccines.The global approach ensures WHO system to monitor and develop critical benefits such as vaccines, antiviral drugs and scientific information. The best treatment for swine influenza infections in humans is prevention by vaccination. Methodology:-A pre experimental one group pre test post test was adopted in the present study to accomplish the objectives. Purposive sampling technique was used to select samples. The sample consisted of 60 Parents of under 3 year children. The pre test assessment of knowledge of the parents was carried out using a knowledge questionnaire followed by self instructional module session regarding vaccination for swine flu. After 7 days the post test was conducted using the same knowledge questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. Conclusion:-The study revealed that there was deficient knowledge regarding vaccination of swine flu. The teaching was found to be effective in improving the knowledge of the parents. It was concluded that there was a need to plan and implement educational programmes by the nurses for all parents particularly parents of under 3 year children regarding vaccination of swine flu.
Epidemiology of feline hemoplasmosis in the population of domestic cats in Istanbul
Authors: CELIK BARAN , KOENHEMSI LORA , DOKUZEYLUL BANU , KAHRAMAN BEREN BAŞARAN , SIĞIRCI BELGI DIREN , IKIZ SERKAN , AK SEYYAL , BAGCIGIL ARZU FUNDA
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hemoplasma species in cats by real-time PCR and to determine the distribution of the species. Furthermore, it was aimed to evaluate factors that are thought to be important in the epidemiology of the disease in cats statistically. For this purpose, blood samples from 246 cats were examined for Candidatus Mycoplasma haemominitum (CMhm), Mycoplasma haemofelis (Mhf) and Candidatus Mycoplasma turicensis (CMt) by real-time PCR. CMhm was detected in 20 (8.13%), CMt was detected in 3 (1.22%), and Mhf was found in 2 (0.81%) of 246 cats. At least one of the hemoplasma species was detected in 21 (8.54%) of 246 cats, and two different hemoplasma species were detected in 4 (19.05%) of 21 cats diagnosed with hemoplasma. The relationship between PCR positivity, the contact of cats with other cats (p = 0.02) and the detection of the intraoral wound (p = 0.001) was found to be statistically significant. The statistical significance of contact with other cats in the formation of the disease was revealed. The strong relationship between the presence of intraoral lesions and hemoplasma infection was revealed for the first time. Studies involving epidemiological data and their relationship with clinical findings should be continued.
O AVANÇO DO USO DE FERRAMENTAS GEOESPACIAIS NA GESTÃO DE ÁREAS ÚMIDAS CONTINENTAIS
Authors: Silva Isadora Taborda , Pessi Dhonatan Diego , Guaraldo Eliane , Paranhos Filho Antônio Conceição
Published: December 2020

As áreas úmidas continentais são ecossistemas fundamentais para a fauna, flora e o bem-estar da humanidade. A compreensão deste sistema é substancial para a manutenção de seu equilíbrio e reduzir possíveis impactos antrópicos. Essa pesquisa objetiva levantar o progresso das publicações científicas sobre áreas úmidas continentais que utilizem geotecnologias para análise do uso e cobertura do solo. Os principais artigos se referiam a duas vertentes: uma sobre a criação, atualização e aperfeiçoamento de técnicas, métodos e bancos de dados, e a outra no tocante ao monitoramento e avaliação de possíveis impactos. Foram localizadas 2.157 publicações desde a primeira publicação em 1977 até a última no fim de 2019. O conjunto apresentou em sua maioria resultados no formato artigo, com um total de 71,74% (1.548) das publicações, seguido de 22,97% (495) de anais de evento, 1,86% (40) de capítulos de livros, 1,72% (37) de artigos de revisão, e por fim, 1,72% (37) de outros tipos de documentos. As pesquisas acerca do uso e cobertura do solo em áreas úmidas com geotecnologias têm mantido um crescimento anual quase constante com uma média de citação considerável e crescimento exponencial que indica uma intensificação na discussão sobre o tema.
ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚĆ ZA SZKODY WYRZĄDZONE PRZEZ ZWIERZĘTA W UPRAWACH W EGIPCIE PTOLEMEJSKIM
Authors: Skalec Aneta
Published: December 2020

Szkody wywoływane przez zwierzęta były w Egipcie odwiecznym problemem. Dotyczy go wiele dokumentów papirusowych z okresu ptolemejskiego, w tym petycje, diagramma królewskie i zarządzenie. Wyłaniający się z nich obraz nie jest w pełni jasny. Wydaje się jednak, że w przeciwieństwie do tego, do czego przyzwyczaiło nas prawo rzymskie, sposób wyrządzenia szkód nie odgrywał większego znaczenia i nie wpływał na zakres odpowiedzialności. Nieistotne zatem było, czy straty zostały spowodowane przez same zwierzęta, czy też z inicjatywy pasterza. Nie znajdujemy w papirusach poświadczenia funkcjonowania w tym przypadku odpowiedzialności noksalnej z możliwością wydania zwierzęcia lub zapłatą odszkodowania, której doszukiwał się w Egipcie Modrzejewski, odwołując się do źródeł greckich. Odpowiedzialność za szkody zdaje się natomiast ulec zmianie na przestrzeni czasu. O ile w III w. p.n.e. domagano się zapłaty odszkodowania za zniszczone uprawy, o tyle w II w. p.n.e. źródła potwierdzają istnienie konfiskaty zwierząt. Zmiana ta mogła być spowodowana różnymi czynnikami, najprawdopodobniej problemami gospodarczymi w tym wieku.
DROBNE ODKRYCIA WIELKIEJ WAGI
Authors: Jońca Maciej , Corcoran Simon
Published: December 2020

Drobne odkrycia wielkiej wagi
ZANIECHANIE OSOBY TRZECIEJ JAKO NEGATYWNA PRZESŁANKA OBIEKTYWNEGO PRZYPISANIA SKUTKU – NA PRZYKŁADZIE ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCI KARNEJ LEKARZA ZA BŁĄD MEDYCZNY
Authors: Piech Karolina
Published: December 2020

Artykuł dotyczy odpowiedzialności karnej lekarza za błąd medyczny stanowiący zaniechanie wymaganego przez prawo działania. Autorka rozpatruje to zagadnienie z punktu widzenia problematyki negatywnych przesłanek obiektywnego przypisania skutku. Celem artykułu jest udzielenie odpowiedzi na pytanie, kiedy zaniechanie lekarza włączającego się do rozpoczętego wcześniej przez innego pracownika medycznego łańcucha kauzalnego stanowić będzie przesłankę wyłączenia odpowiedzialności karnej tego pracownika. W tymże celu autorka, opierając się na metodzie dogmatyczno-prawnej, dokona analizy dorobku doktryny prawa karnego materialnego oraz orzecznictwa polskich sądów karnych. Autorka rozważy również, czy stwierdzenie, że zaniechanie ma charakter przyczynowy lub że nie posiada cechy przyczynowości, ma istotny wpływ na możliwość wyłączenia odpowiedzialności karnej osoby, która jako pierwsza stwarza niebezpieczeństwo dla życia lub zdrowia pacjenta. Autorka, wskazując przesłanki wyłączenia odpowiedzialności takiej osoby, w zakończeniu udziela odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania.
ZAWARCIE ‘PER PROCURA’ MAŁŻEŃSTWA KONSULARNEGO PRZEZ OBYWATELI POLSKICH
Authors: Świto Lucjan , Tomkiewicz Małgorzata
Published: December 2020

Prawo polskie przewiduje między innymi dwie formy zawarcia małżeństwa: przed polskim konsulem za granicą (art. 1 § 4 k.r.o.) oraz przez pełnomocnika (art. 6 k.r.o.).

O ile każdy z wymienionych sposobów zawarcia małżeństwa – analizowany osobno – jest materią ujętą przez ustawodawcę w sposób dość klarowny, o tyle jednoczesne zestawienie ze sobą obu wymienionych form zawarcia małżeństwa rodzi pytania i wątpliwości, które dotychczas nie były przedmiotem analiz.

Pytaniem, które pojawia się niejako w punkcie wyjścia, jest to, czy dopuszczalne jest zawarcie per procura małżeństwa konsularnego przez obywateli polskich, a jeśli tak, to czy przepisy regulujące wymienione formuły „rozpoznają się” wzajemnie i czy są ze sobą zsynchronizowane. Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na te pytania.
ROZWAŻANIA O USTALANIU SĄDU WŁAŚCIWEGO DO WSTRZYMANIA WYKONANIA WYROKU W ZWIąZKU ZE ZŁOŻENIEM WNIOSKU O UDZIELENIE ZEZWOLENIA NA ODBYWANIE KARY POZBAWIENIA WOLNOŚCI W SYSTEMIE DOZORU ELEKTRONICZNEGO
Authors: Tarapata Szymon
Published: December 2020

W artykule rozważono kwestię ustalania sądu właściwego do wstrzymania wykonania wyroku w związku ze złożeniem wniosku o udzielenie zezwolenia na odbywanie kary pozbawienia wolności w systemie dozoru elektronicznego. Ostatecznie stwierdzono, że właściwy do wykonania takiej czynności jest sąd penitencjarny, nie zaś sąd pierwszej instancji.
PROFILING IN THE RECRUITMENT OF SUBJECTS FOR CLINICAL TRIALS IN THE LIGHT OF GDPR
Authors: Domagała Natalia , Oręziak Bartłomiej , Świerczyński Marek
Published: December 2020

Highly specialized methods of selecting participants for clinical trials have been in use for a long time in the medical sciences. An example is oﬀered by oncological pre-profling, which involves the use of genetic biomarkers for a preliminary identification of oncological patients for clinical trials. We should expect further developments in this area, due to the rapid progress being made in e-health technologies and patients’ growing use of mobile applications. Failure to use new technologies in recruitment could even lead to failure in carrying out a clinical trial due to a shortage of participants.

This issue is particularly important due to the regulatory framework for profiling adopted under GDPR (the General Data Protection Regulation). GDPR is of crucial importance for the R&D activities pursued by the pharmaceutical industry and in personalized medicine, and one of the biggest challenges is the practical application of its rules in profiling activities. Te same applies to the use of data obtained during clinical trials at the stage when the medical product is about to be launched on the market.

The aim of this paper is to present the GDPR rules to facilitate the use of profiling tools for the recruitment of participants for clinical trials. It includes a proposal for the amendment of the EU pharmaceutical law to introduce statutory grounds for profiling.