bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Causal relationship between gut microbiota and male erectile dysfunction: a Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Chen Shuaiqi , Liu Xiaolong , Wu Shangrong , Sun Guangyu , Liu Ranlu
Published: August 2024

Background

Several observational studies have reported an association between gut microbiota and male erectile dysfunction (ED). However, it remains unclear whether there is a causal relationship between gut microbiota and male ED. Thus, we aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between gut microbiota and male ED through Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

Objective

To assess the causal relationship between gut microbiota and male ED, we performed a two-sample MR analysis.

Methods

We obtained gut microbiota genome-wide association studies (GWAS) data from the MiBioGen consortium and publicly available GWAS data on male ED from the OPEN GWAS database. Subsequently, we performed a two-sample MR analysis to evaluate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and male ED. Finally, we performed sensitivity analysis, including Cochran’s Q test, MR-Egger intercept analysis, MR-PRESSO, and leave-one-out analysis, to assess the level of heterogeneity and horizontal pleiotropy in the results.

Results

Our MR analysis revealed a negative causal relationship between the genus Ruminococcaceae UCG013 and male ED (OR = 0.761, 95% CI 0.626–0.926), while the family Lachnospiraceae, genus Lachnospiraceae NC2004 group, genus Oscillibacter, and genus Tyzzerella3 may be associated with an increased risk of male ED, with the highest risk observed for family Lachnospiraceae (OR = 1.264, 95% CI 1.063–1.504). Furthermore, sensitivity analysis confirmed the reliability of our positive findings.

Conclusion

Our MR analysis revealed a causal relationship between gut microbiota and male ED. This may contribute to a better understanding of the potential applications of gut microbiota in the occurrence and treatment of male ED.
Insight into endophytic microbial diversity in two halophytes and plant beneficial attributes of Bacillus swezeyi
Authors: Gao Lei , Ma Jin-Biao , Huang Yin , Muhammad Murad , Lian Hai-Ting , Shurigin Vyacheslav , Egamberdieva Dilfuza , Li Wen-Jun , Li Li
Published: August 2024

This study utilized high-throughput sequencing to investigate endophytic bacteria diversity in halophytic plants Anabasis truncate (AT) and Anabasis eriopoda (AE) from the Aral Sea region. Following sequence processing, 356 Amplicon Sequence Variants (ASVs) were discovered. The abundance and variety of endophytic bacteria were higher in AT. Bacillota, Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Bacteroidota constituted the dominant in AE, whereas Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, Bacteroidota, and Chloroflexota constituted the dominant in AT. Biomarkers were identified through LEFSe analysis, showing host-specific patterns. PCoA indicated distinct bacterial community structures. Phylogenetic analysis revealed diverse endophytic bacteria, including potential novel taxa. PICRUSt2 predicted diverse functions for endophytic bacteria in halophytes, indicating recruitment of beneficial bacterial taxa to adapt to extreme hypersaline conditions, including plant growth-promoting, biocontrol, and halophilic/tolerant bacteria. Moreover, the evolutionary relationship, metabolic capabilities, and plant beneficial potentials of the Bacillus swezeyi strains, previously isolated from the above two halophytes, were analyzed using comparative genomic and physiological analysis. The B. swezeyi strains displayed versatile environmental adaptability, as shown by their ability to use a wide range of carbon sources and their salt tolerances. B. swezeyi possessed a wide range of enzymatic capabilities, including but not limited to proteases, cellulases, and chitinases. Comparative genomic analysis revealed that despite some variations, they shared genetic similarities and metabolic capabilities among the B. swezeyi strains. B. swezeyi strains also displayed outstanding plant-growth-promoting and antagonistic potentials, offering potential solutions to the global food crisis. This study enhances our understanding of microbial diversity in halophytes on saline-alkali land in the West Aral Sea, shedding light on the halophyte microbiome and its collaboration with hosts in highly hypersaline environments. This study also provides a scientific basis for developing high-quality microbial fertilizers and implementing sustainable agricultural practices.
Innovative hybrid nanostructures: pioneering advances in modern therapy
Authors: Harun-Ur-Rashid Mohammad , Jahan Israt
Published: August 2024

Innovative hybrid nanostructures have revolutionized modern therapy by combining different materials at the nanoscale, offering unique synergistic properties that enhance their functionality. These advancements are pivotal in areas such as targeted drug delivery, photothermal and photodynamic therapy, and gene delivery, where they significantly improve therapeutic outcomes. The article discusses the synthesis methods and characterization techniques of HNSs, providing a comprehensive analysis of their mechanisms of action in various therapeutic applications. Highlighted case studies demonstrate their efficacy in treating conditions such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and cardiovascular disorders, underscoring their potential to bridge existing gaps in medical treatments. The review also emphasizes the need for continued innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration to optimize these nanostructures for clinical applications. Future research should focus on enhancing biocompatibility, targeting capabilities, and integrating advanced imaging techniques and AI-driven applications to further improve the precision and efficacy of HNSs in therapy. These advancements herald a new era in medical treatment, offering transformative solutions for complex diseases.
L-methionine and the L-type Ca2+ channel agonist BAY K 8644 collaboratively contribute to the reduction of depressive-like behavior in mice
Authors: He Ershu , Ma Ruixue , Qu Shanglan , Zheng Xiaoye , Peng Xin , Ji Jieyu , Ma Wenhao , Zhang Xueyan , Li Ying , Li Hanwei , Li Yanjiao , Li Lijuan , Gong Zhiting
Published: August 2024

The L-type Ca2+ channel (LTCC, also known as Cav1,2) is involved in the regulation of key neuronal functions, such as dendritic information integration, cell survival, and neuronal gene expression. Clinical studies have shown an association between L-type calcium channels and the onset of depression, although the precise mechanisms remain unclear. The development of depression results from a combination of environmental and genetic factors. DNA methylation, a significant epigenetic modification, plays a regulatory role in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and autism. In our study, we observed reduced Dnmt3a expression levels in the hippocampal DG region of mice with LPS-induced depression compared to control mice. The antidepressant Venlafaxine was able to increase Dnmt3a expression levels. Conversely, Bay K 8644, an agonist of the L-type Ca2+ channel, partially ameliorated depression-like behaviors but did not elevate Dnmt3a expression levels. Furthermore, when we manipulated DNA methylation levels during Bay K 8644 intervention in depression-like models, we found that enhancing the expression of Dnmt3a could improve LPS-induced depression/anxiety-like behaviors, while inhibiting DNA methylation exacerbated anxiety-like behaviors, the combined use of BAY K 8644 and L-methionine can better improve depressive-like behavior. These findings indicate that DNA methylation plays a role in the regulation of depression-like behaviors by the L-type Ca2+ channel, and further research is needed to elucidate the interactions between DNA methylation and L-type Ca2+ channels.
Global research trends in transcranial magnetic stimulation for stroke (1994–2023): promising, yet requiring further practice
Authors: Li Xin-Yu , Hu Rong , Lou Tian-Xiao , Liu Yang , Ding Ling
Published: August 2024

Background

Scholars have been committed to investigating stroke rehabilitation strategies over many years. Since its invention, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) has been increasingly employed in contemporary stroke rehabilitation research. Evidence has shown the significant potential of TMS in stroke research and treatment.

Objective

This article reviews the research conducted on the use of TMS in stroke from 1994 to 2023. This study applied bibliometric analysis to delineate the current research landscape and to anticipate future research hotspots.

Method

The study utilized the Web of Science Core Collection to retrieve and acquire literature data. Various software tools, including VOSviewer (version 1.6.19), CiteSpace (version 6.3.R1), Scimago Graphica (version 1.0.36), and WPS (version 11572), were used for data analysis and visualization. The review included analyses of countries, institutions, authors, journals, articles, and keywords.

Results

A total of 3,425 articles were collected. The top three countries in terms of publication output were the United States (953 articles), China (546 articles), and Germany (424 articles). The United States also had the highest citation counts (56,764 citations), followed by Germany (35,211 citations) and the United Kingdom (32,383 citations). The top three institutions based on the number of publications were Harvard University with 138 articles, the University of Auckland with 81 articles, and University College London with 80 articles. The most prolific authors were Abo, Masahiro with 54 articles, Fregni, Felipe with 53 articles, and Pascual-Leone, Alvaro with 50 articles. The top three journals in terms of article count were Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair with 139 articles, Clinical Neurophysiology with 128 articles, and Frontiers in Neurology with 110 articles. The most frequently occurring keywords were stroke (1,275 occurrences), transcranial magnetic stimulation (1,119 occurrences), and rehabilitation (420 occurrences).

Conclusion

The application of TMS in stroke research is rapidly gaining momentum, with the USA leading in publications. Prominent institutions, such as Harvard University and University College London, show potential for collaborative research. The key areas of focus include post-stroke cognitive impairment, aphasia, and dysphagia, which are expected to remain significant hotspots in future research. Future research should involve large-scale, randomized, and controlled trials in these fields. Additionally, identifying more effective combined therapies with rTMS should be a priority.
Incidence of cancer in chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy: a nationwide cohort study in South Korea
Authors: Choi Kyomin , Jung Sohee , Jung Gucheol , Kim Dayoung , Oh Jeeyoung
Published: August 2024

Background

Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP) is a rare disease, and the potential risk of cancer in patients with CIDP remains an important concern during treatment. However, a comprehensive epidemiological study examining this association is yet to be conducted. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of cancer in patients with CIDP in South Korea using data from the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) database.

Methods

Data from the HIRA database between January 2016 and June 2021 were analyzed. The actual incidence of cancer in patients with CIDP was compared with the expected incidence based on the general population statistics in South Korea, with adjustments for age.

Results

In total, 888 patients with CIDP were included in the analysis, of whom 50 (5.63% of malignancy incidence) were newly diagnosed with cancer during the study period. Among the patients with CIDP diagnosed with cancer, 32 (64.00%) were aged 60 years or older, and 36 (72.00%) were male. The observed number of cancer diagnoses corresponded to an incidence rate of 5.63%, with a standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 2.83 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.89–4.39) compared to the expected cancer incidence rate of 2.00%. Notably, the SIR for malignancies of lymphoid, hematopoietic, and related tissues, excluding malignant immunoproliferative diseases, multiple myeloma, and plasma cell neoplasms (C81-96, except C88 and C90), was the highest at 8.51 (95% CI: 4.18–19.83).

Conclusion

Our study shows a potential association between CIDP and an increased risk of hematological malignancies, which is consistent with previous investigations. Further studies are required to better understand the relationship between CIDP and cancer.
The effect of femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis on contrast sensitivity
Authors: Yue Pinqing , Wang Xiang , Wang Zeng , Li Ying , Wu Di , Zhang Hua , Zhang Pan
Published: August 2024

The benefits of femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) for correcting vision, particularly in terms of spherical equivalent (SE) and visual acuity (VA), have gained broad recognition. Nevertheless, it has remained uncertain whether FS-LASIK has a positive impact on contrast sensitivity (CS). In this study, we measured CS on seven participants by the quick contrast sensitivity function (qCSF) and compared CS before and after the surgery at two time points (1 day and 7 days after) by the repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA). Then, we clarified the underlying mechanisms using the perceptual template model (PTM). Furthermore, we investigated the relationship among SE, VA, and CS employing the Pearson correlation test. We found that (1) CS exhibited significant improvements on postoperative day 1, with further enhancements observed up to postoperative day 7, (2) CS improvements were dependent on spatial frequency (SF) and external noise, (3) CS improvements were attributed to the reduction of internal noise and the enhancement of the perceptual template, (4) VA and SE demonstrated significant improvement post-surgery, and (5) no significant correlations were observed among SE, VA, and CS, possibly due to limitations in sample size and lighting conditions. These findings contribute to our comprehension of FS-LASIK and provide a great indicator for assessing the outcomes of visual surgery.
Association between copper intake and essential hypertension: dual evidence from Mendelian randomization analysis and the NHANES database
Authors: Miao Qing , Zhang Jingtao , Yun Yingjie , Wu Wei , Luo Chuanjin
Published: August 2024

Background

Although previous studies have identified an association between trace elements and essential hypertension, the specific trace elements involved and the mechanisms of their association remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the relationship between various human trace elements and essential hypertension, thereby addressing existing gaps in the research.

Methods

This study employed two-sample, multivariate, and inverse Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to investigate the causal relationship between 15 human trace elements as exposure factors and essential hypertension as the outcome. The analysis revealed a statistically significant association between copper intake and essential hypertension. Further validation was conducted using logistic regression models based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Results

Eighteen trace elements were initially identified through searches in the GWAS database and PubMed. After screening, 15 trace elements were selected as potential exposure factors. MR analysis, utilizing the 2021 genome-wide dataset for essential hypertension, identified copper as a risk factor, showing a positive association with hypertension. Subsequent logistic regression analyses based on NHANES data further confirmed a significant association between dietary copper intake and the risk of essential hypertension, except for the 0.80–1.08 mg/d group in model 3 (p < 0.05). Restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis indicated a nonlinear relationship between copper intake and the risk of developing essential hypertension.

Conclusion

This study demonstrates a significant association between copper intake and the development of essential hypertension. The findings suggest that higher copper intake is linked to an increased risk of hypertension, underscoring the need to monitor copper intake levels in the prevention and management of this condition.
Exploring the causal relationship between the immune cell-inflammatory factor axis and lung cancer: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Zhu Lin , Jin Zhi
Published: August 2024

Background

Lung cancer is a major health burden globally and smoking is a well-known risk factor. It has been observed that chronic inflammation contributes to lung cancer progression, with immune cells and inflammatory cytokines implicated in tumor development. Clarifying the causal links between these immune components and lung cancer could enhance prevention and therapy.

Methods

We performed Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore causal connections between immune cells, inflammatory markers, and lung cancer risk, using genetic variants as instruments. Data from GWAS on these variables underpinned our MR analyses.

Results

Our findings indicated an inverse association between some immune cells and lung cancer risk, implying that more immune cells might be protective. NK T cells (CD16-CD56) and myeloid cells (HLA DR+ on CD33dim HLA DR+ CD11b+) had an inverse correlation with lung cancer risk. Furthermore, a direct relationship was observed between inflammatory cytokines and these immune cells. In contrast, IL-18 was inversely associated with lung cancer, while IL-13 showed a direct correlation.

Conclusion

The study underscores the role of immune and inflammatory factors in lung cancer. These insights could lead to new therapeutic strategies for combating lung cancer.
Case report: Individualized 3D-printed uncemented distal fibular prosthesis preserving the lateral malleolus for repair of distal fibular defects
Authors: Xie Mengzhang , Gong Taojun , Wang Yitian , Li Zhuangzhuang , Zhang Yuqi , Lu Minxun , Luo Yi , Min Li , Tu Chongqi , Zhou Yong
Published: August 2024

Background

Involvement of the distal fibula by alveolar soft-part sarcoma is rare. Extensive resection or amputation may be needed; however, distal fibula resection can disrupt foot and ankle biomechanics, leading to ankle joint instability. Reports on joint preservation for maintaining optimal ankle joint function are scarce. Computer-aided design and individualized three-dimensional (3D)-printed uncemented implants represent an evolving solution for reconstructing the distal fibula.

Case presentation

A 34-year-old woman was diagnosed with alveolar soft-part sarcoma in the right lower leg involving the cortical bone of the fibula. After anlotinib treatment, the tumor size decreased, and the tumor response rate was a partial response (PR); however, the patient continued to experience adverse reactions. With multiple disciplinary team discussions, surgical resection was deemed appropriate. Due to the extensive defect and ankle joint instability after resection, a custom-made 3D−printed prosthesis was designed and fabricated to reconstruct the defect, preserving the lateral malleolus. During the follow-up, the patient achieved favorable ankle function, and no prosthesis-related complications were observed.

Conclusion

3D-printed personalized uncemented implants constitute a novel approach and method for addressing the reconstruction issues of the distal fibula and ankle joint. Through the personalized design of 3D-printed prostheses, the lateral malleolus can be preserved, ensuring the normal anatomical structure of the ankle joint. They achieve a well-integrated interface between the prosthesis and bone, ensuring satisfactory postoperative function. Additionally, they offer valuable insights for reconstructing distal bone defects near joints in the extremities. However, confirming these findings requires extensive cohort studies.
Exploration of the causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and prostate carcinoma: a comprehensive Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Cai Xianfu , Wang Decai , Ding Chenguang , Li Yang , Zheng Jin , Xue Wujun
Published: August 2024

Background

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent malignancies affecting males; however, the role of inflammatory activity in the pathogenesis of this disease is not yet fully elucidated. Although inflammation is recognized as being closely associated with the onset and progression of PCa, the specific causal relationships between individual inflammatory factors and the disease require further clarification.

Methods

Mendelian randomization (MR) methodologies can mitigate bias by utilizing whole-genome sequencing data, leveraging specific genetic variants to assess causal relationships between a given exposure and an outcome of interest. This research employed an MR approach to investigate the association between inflammatory cytokines and PCa.

Results

In total, 44 inflammatory cytokines were evaluated in a large GWAS dataset to enable the drawing of robust conclusions. Elevated circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2) levels were related to greater PCa risk. The reverse Mendelian randomization (MR) study indicates a causal relationship between prostate cancer and stem cell factor (SCF) (P=0.025).

Conclusion

CRP and PGE-2 play crucial roles in the regulation of PCa development. Moreover, PCa may have an impact on SCF levels. Further research is imperative to elucidate whether these biomarkers can be effectively utilized to prevent or treat PCa.
Influence of H19 polymorphisms on breast cancer: risk assessment and prognostic implications via LincRNA H19/miR-675 and downstream pathways
Authors: Qi Ying , Zhao Pengfei
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Breast cancer, as the most prevalent malignancy among women globally, continues to exhibit rising incidence rates, particularly in China. The disease predominantly affects women aged 40 to 60 and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. This study focuses on the role of H19 gene polymorphisms, investigating their impact on breast cancer susceptibility, clinical outcomes, and response to treatment.

Methods

We engaged 581 breast cancer patients and 558 healthy controls, using TaqMan assays and DNA sequencing to determine genotypes at specific loci (rs11042167, rs2071095, rs2251375). We employed in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to measure the expression levels of LincRNA H19, miR-675, MRP3, HOXA1, and MMP16 in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples. Statistical analyses included chi-squared tests, logistic regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival curves to evaluate associations between genetic variations, gene expression, and clinical outcomes.

Results

Genotypes AG at rs11042167, GT at rs2071095, and AC at rs2251375 were significantly associated with increased risk of breast cancer. Notably, the AA genotype at rs11042167 and TT genotype at rs2071095 were linked to favorable prognosis. High expression levels of LincRNA H19, miR-675, MRP3, HOXA1, and MMP16 in cancer tissues correlated with advanced disease stages and poorer survival rates. Spearman correlation analysis revealed significant positive correlations between the expression of LincRNA H19 and miR-675 and specific genotypes, highlighting their potential regulatory roles in tumor progression.

Discussion

The study underscores the critical roles of LincRNA H19 and miR-675 as prognostic biomarkers in breast cancer, with their overexpression associated with disease progression and adverse outcomes. The H19/LincRNA H19/miR-675/MRP3-HOXA1-MMP16 axis offers promising targets for new therapeutic strategies, reflecting the complex interplay between genetic markers and breast cancer pathology.

Conclusion

The findings confirm that certain H19 SNPs are associated with heightened breast cancer risk and that the expression profiles of related genetic markers can significantly influence prognosis and treatment response. These biomarkers hold potential as targets for personalized therapy and early detection strategies in breast cancer, underscoring the importance of genetic research in understanding and managing this disease.
Celiac disease diagnosis: transglutaminase, duodenal biopsy and genetic tests correlations
Authors: Schesquini-Roriz Katia Regina Pena , Rodríguez Gloria Maria Fraga , Castellanos Jocelyn Cristina Betancourt , Martinez-Martinez Laura , Guerrero Susana Boronat , Rodrigo Carlos , Badell Isabel
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune enteropathy triggered by gluten ingestion in genetically susceptible individuals. The haplotypes HLA-DQ2 and DQ8, transglutaminase (TGA) antibodies, and biopsy findings are the main tests performed in the evaluation and CD diagnosis. The objective was to establish possible correlations between transglutaminase levels, genetic markers tests, and qualitative intestinal biopsy findings (modified Marsh classification) at the diagnosis.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study. The selection criteria were confirmed CD cases with genetic tests performed. Statistical analysis was done mainly through One-way ANOVA, Kendall's correlation coefficient (T), and linear regression.

Results

The study included 112 patients, with a mean age of 6 ± 4 years. All cases were tested to HLA-DQ2, and it was positive in 93%. HLA-DQ8 was tested in 73% of cases and it was positive in 61%. The percentage of negative genetic markers (DQ2/DQ8) was 4.5% for patients tested to both haplotypes. A comparison of DQ2/DQ8 (positive and negative) with clinical findings and tests performed did not identify any differences for most of the parameters analyzed. Cases of type I diabetes presented significant negative expression for DQ2(−); p = 0.05 and positive expression for DQ8(+); p = 0.023. The TGA antibody levels ranged from 18 to 36,745 U/ml. An inverse correlation was found between age and TGA-L level (p = 0.043). In 23% of the cases, the TGA levels were greater than 1,000 U/ml and presented a moderate positive correlation with the atrophy biopsy profile (T = 0.245). Patients with an atrophic biopsy profile (Marsh III) had a moderate positive correlation with growth failure (T = 0.218) but a negative correlation with constipation (T = −0.277).

Conclusion

In terms of diagnosis tests for CD, transglutaminase levels and age presented an inverse correlation, with the level decreasing as age increased. A moderately positive correlation was found between mean transglutaminase with intestinal atrophy and growth retardation. The genetic test DQ2 was positive for 93% and negative genetic markers (DQ2/DQ8) represented 4.5% of cases studied.
Interaction between tacrolimus and calcium channel blockers based on CYP3A5 genotype in Chinese renal transplant recipients
Authors: Zong Huiying , Zhang Yundi , Liu Fengxi , Zhang Xiaoming , Yang Yilei , Cao Xiaohong , Li Yue , Li Anan , Zhou Penglin , Gao Rui , Li Yan
Published: August 2024

Objective

To investigate the effect of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) on tacrolimus blood concentrations in renal transplant recipients with different CYP3A5 genotypes.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study included renal transplant recipients receiving tacrolimus-based immunosuppressive therapy with or without CCBs in combination. Patients were divided into combination and control groups based on whether or not they were combined with CCBs, and then further analyzed according to the type of CCBs (nifedipine/amlodipine/felodipine). Propensity score matching was conducted for the combination and the control groups using SPSS 22.0 software to reduce the impact of confounding factors. The effect of different CCBs on tacrolimus blood concentrations was evaluated, and subgroup analysis was performed according to the patients’ CYP3A5 genotypes to explore the role of CYP3A5 genotypes in drug-drug interactions between tacrolimus and CCBs.

Results

A total of 164 patients combined with CCBs were included in the combination groups. After propensity score matching, 83 patients with nifedipine were matched 1:1 with the control group, 63 patients with felodipine were matched 1:2 with 126 controls, and 18 patients with amlodipine were matched 1:3 with 54 controls. Compared with the controls, the three CCBs increased the dose-adjusted trough concentration (C0/D) levels of tacrolimus by 41.61%–45.57% (P < 0.001). For both CYP3A5 expressers (CYP3A5*1*1 or CYP3A5*1*3) and non-expressers (CYP3A5*3*3), there were significant differences in tacrolimus C0/D between patients using felodipine/nifedipine and those without CCBs (P < 0.001). However, among CYP3A5 non-expressers, C0/D values of tacrolimus were significantly higher in patients combined with amlodipine compared to the controls (P = 0.001), while for CYP3A5 expressers, the difference in tacrolimus C0/D values between patients with amlodipine and without was not statistically significant (P = 0.065).

Conclusion

CCBs (felodipine/nifedipine/amlodipine) can affect tacrolimus blood concentration levels by inhibiting its metabolism. The CYP3A5 genotype may play a role in the drug interaction between tacrolimus and amlodipine. Therefore, genetic testing for tacrolimus and therapeutic drug monitoring are needed when renal transplant recipients are concurrently using CCBs.
Transition metal dichalcogenides: magneto-polarons and resonant Raman scattering
Authors: Trallero-Giner C. , Santiago-Pérez D. G. , Tkachenko D. V. , Marques G. E. , Fomin V. M.
Published: August 2024

Topological two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have a wide range of promising applications and are the subject of intense basic scientific research. Due to the existence of a direct optical bandgap, nano-optics and nano-optoelectronics employing monolayer TMDs are at the center of the development of next-generation devices. Magneto-resonant Raman scattering (MRRS) is a non-destructive fundamental technique that enables the study of magneto-electronic levels for TMD semiconductor device applications and hitherto unexplored optical transitions. Raman intensity in a Faraday backscattering configuration as a function of the magnetic field B, laser energy, and the circular polarization of light reveals a set of incoming and outgoing resonances with particular spin orientations and magneto-optical interband transitions at the K- and K′-valleys of the Brillouin zone. This fact unequivocally allows for a straightforward determination of the important band parameters of TMD materials. A generalization of the MRRS theory is performed for the description of the magneto-polaron (MP) effects in the first-order light scattering process. It shows how strongly the simultaneous presence of the conduction and valence bands modifies the MP energy spectrum. The resonant MP Raman intensity reveals three resonant splitting processes of double avoided-crossing levels reflecting the electron-hole pair energy spectrum. The scattering profile allows for quantifying the relative contribution of the conduction and valence bands in the formation of MPs. Many avoided-crossing points due to the electron–phonon interaction in the MP spectrum, a superposition of the electron and hole states in the excitation branches, and their impact on Raman scattering are exceptional features of monolayer TMDs. Based on this, the reported theoretical studies open a pathway toward MRRS and resonant MP Raman scattering characterization of two-dimensional materials.
The effect of optimal load training on punching ability in elite female boxers
Authors: Cui Weijia , Chen Yiming , Wang Dexin
Published: August 2024

Optimal load training is a method of training that aims to maximize power output. This is achieved by arranging optimal loads (optimal ratios of load intensity and load volume) during strength training. The fixed load intensity and number of repetitions employed in traditional strength training. The present study will investigate the applicability of these two load arrangements to female elite boxers. Twenty-four elite female boxers were divided into three groups [optimal load (OL = 8), traditional load (TL = 8) and control group (CG = 8)]. The six-week intervention consisted of strength training with different loading arrangements. The punching ability and strength were tested before and after the intervention. We found that optimal load training enhances a boxer’s punching ability and economy, which aligns with the demands of boxing and is suitable for high-level athletes, whose strength training loads require a more individualised and targeted approach.
Illumina-based transcriptomic analysis of the fast-growing leguminous tree Acacia crassicarpa: functional gene annotation and identification of novel SSR-markers
Authors: Ishio Shougo , Kusunoki Kazutaka , Nemoto Michiko , Kanao Tadayoshi , Tamura Takashi
Published: August 2024

Acacia crassicarpa is a fast-growing leguminous tree that is widely cultivated in tropical areas such as Indonesia, Malaysia, Australia, and southern China. This tree has versatile utility in timber, furniture, and pulp production. Illumina sequencing of A. crassicarpa was conducted, and the raw data of 124,410,892 reads were filtered and assembled de novo into 93,317 unigenes, with a total of 84,411,793 bases. Blast2GO annotation, Benchmark Universal Single-Copy Ortholog evaluation, and GO-term classification produced a catalogue of unigenes for studying primary metabolism, phytohormone signaling, and transcription factors. Massive transcriptomic analysis has identified microsatellites composed of simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci representing di-, tri-, and tetranucleotide repeat units in the predicted open reading frames. Polymorphism was induced by PCR amplification of microsatellite loci located in several genes encoding auxin response factors and other transcription factors, which successfully distinguished 16 local trees of A. crassicarpa tested, representing potentially exploitable molecular markers for efficient tree breeding for plantation and biomass exploitation.
Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi communities and promoting the growth of alfalfa in saline ecosystems of northern China
Authors: Xu Wen , Liu Qianning , Wang Baiji , Zhang Na , Qiu Rui , Yuan Yuying , Yang Mei , Wang Fengdan , Mei Linlin , Cui Guowen
Published: August 2024

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are universally distributed in soils, including saline soils, and can form mycorrhizal symbiosis with the vast majority of higher plants. This symbiosis can reduce soil salinity and influence plant growth and development by improving nutrient uptake, increasing plant antioxidant enzyme activity, and regulating hormone levels. In this study, rhizosphere soil from eight plants in the Songnen saline–alkaline grassland was used to isolate, characterize, and screen the indigenous advantageous AMF. The promoting effect of AMF on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) under salt treatment was also investigated. The findings showed that 40 species of AMF in six genera were identified by high-throughput sequencing. Glomus mosseae (G.m) and Glomus etunicatum (G.e) are the dominant species in saline ecosystems of northern China. Alfalfa inoculated with Glomus mosseae and Glomus etunicatum under different salt concentrations could be infested and form a symbiotic system. The mycorrhizal colonization rate and mycorrhizal dependence of G.m inoculation were significantly higher than those of G.e inoculation. With increasing salt concentration, inoculation increased alfalfa plant height, fresh weight, chlorophyll content, proline (Pro), soluble sugar (SS), soluble protein (SP), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activity while decreasing the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide anion production rate. The results highlight that inoculation with G.m and G.e effectively alleviated salinity stress, with G.m inoculation having a significant influence on salt resistance in alfalfa. AMF might play a key role in alfalfa growth and survival under harsh salt conditions.
How to elicit a negative bias? Manipulating contrast and saturation with the facial emotion salience task
Authors: Tholl Sarah , Sojer Christian A. , Schmidt Stephanie N. L. , Mier Daniela
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Emotion recognition impairments and a tendency to misclassify neutral faces as negative are common in schizophrenia. A possible explanation for these deficits is aberrant salience attribution. To explore the possibility of salience driven emotion recognition deficits, we implemented a novel facial emotion salience task (FEST).

Methods

Sixty-six healthy participants with variations in psychometric schizotypy completed the FEST. In the FEST, we manipulated physical salience (FEST-1: contrast, FEST-2: saturation) of emotionally salient (positive, i.e., happy and negative, i.e., fearful) and non-salient (neutral) facial expressions.

Results

When salience was high (increased contrast), participants recognized negative facial expressions faster, whereas neutral faces were recognized more slowly and were more frequently misclassified as negative. When salience was low (decreased saturation), positive expressions were recognized more slowly. These measures were not associated with schizotypy in our sample.

Discussion

Our findings show that the match between physical and emotional salience influences emotion recognition and suggest that the FEST is suitable to simulate aberrant salience processing during emotion recognition in healthy participants.
Childhood ADHD and subthreshold symptoms are associated with cognitive functioning at age 40—a cohort study on perinatal birth risks
Authors: Schiavone Nella , Virta Maarit , Leppämäki Sami , Launes Jyrki , Vanninen Ritva , Tuulio-Henriksson Annamari , Järvinen Ilkka , Lehto Eliisa , Hokkanen Laura
Published: August 2024

Introduction

In this prospective cohort study over 40 years we investigated the effect of childhood attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and subthreshold ADHD on cognitive performance in adulthood.

Methods

The cohort comprised individuals with mild perinatal risks. Childhood ADHD group (cADHD, n = 39) was compared to a group with subthreshold childhood attention or hyperactivity symptoms (cAP; n = 79), a group with similar perinatal risks but no ADHD symptoms (n = 255), and to controls without ADHD symptoms or perinatal risks (n = 69). The groups were assessed with multiple neuropsychological measures in domains of verbal reasoning, perceptual skills, memory, working memory, attention, executive functions, and speed. Group-level differences and frequencies of deficient functioning were analyzed.

Results

Overall, the groups’ performance differed in all cognitive domains at age 40. Verbal reasoning, perceptual skills, memory, and speed had the largest effect sizes (0.51–0.62). The cADHD group’s performance was lower than the other groups’ on 13 out of 21 measures. The cAP group performed poorer than controls on five measures. In the cADHD group, 23% had three or more deficient cognitive domains, compared to 4–6% in the other groups.

Discussion

Childhood ADHD is associated with impaired cognitive functioning in adulthood on several cognitive domains whereas childhood subthreshold ADHD is linked to fewer cognitive deficits. Task complexity was linked to poorer performance within the ADHD group. Our results add to the scarce longitudinal evidence of cognitive outcomes related to childhood ADHD and subthreshold symptoms.
Parental stress and associated factors among parents of preterm neonates admitted at neonatal intensive care unit among selected governmental hospitals Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2022. An institution-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Tilahun Befkad Derese
Published: August 2024

Background

The birth of a preterm infant and their subsequent admission to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) is a distressing and challenging experience for parents. The stress experienced by parents can have a significant impact on their mental health, parenting behaviors, and the parent-infant relationship. Recognizing and addressing the stressors faced by parents in the NICU is essential for promoting their well-being and facilitating positive parent-infant interactions.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted at healthcare facilities. The participants for the study were selected using a systematic sampling method, where the sampling interval (K) was calculated for each hospital. Data collection involved the use of a pretested structured questionnaire administered by interviewers. The collected data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25.0. Simple and multivariable linear regression analyses were performed. Statistical significance was determined using a p-value of less than 0.05.

Results

The accompanying mother (β = 3.094, 95% CI: 3.615, 6.550), length of NICU stay greater than 10 days (β = 5.823, 95% CI: 1.759–9.887), the gestational week between 34 -37 weeks (β = -3.509, 95% CI: -6.358, -.659), parents with college degrees and above (β = -8.667, 95% CI: (-14.111,3.223), mothers who delivered via cesarean section (β = 2.468, 95% CI: -1.822, 4.759), parents without a history of neonatal NICU admission (β = -6.16, 95% CI: -11.69, -.63), and parents whose infant without ventilation (β = -2.755, 95% CI:. -5.492, -.0189) were significantly associated with parental stress.

Conclusion

Parent in this setting revealed high levels of stress during their premature infants’ NICU admission. The gestational week, educational status of the parents, mode of admission, and mode of delivery were found to have significant associations with parental stress. It is important for healthcare providers to recognize and understand the stress experienced by parents when caring for families with preterm infants in the NICU. They should provide support and assistance to parents as they navigate the challenges and stress that come with this situation.
Reproductive health needs of HIV serodiscordant couples: a systematic review
Authors: Motaharinezhad Mohadese , Yousefi Zahra , Rostami Sahar , Goli Shahrbanoo , Keramat Afsaneh
Published: August 2024

Objectives

HIV is closely linked to reproductive and sexual health. HIV Serodiscordant couples face significant social, reproductive, and sexual challenges. This systematic review aimed to identify their reproductive health needs.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted across six databases: Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Magiran, and Iranmedex. No date restrictions were applied, and only English-language articles published before February 21, 2023, were included. We also searched the grey literature and conducted forward/backward citation searches.

Results

From an initial 758 articles, 18 met the inclusion criteria. Studies were qualitative (n = 10) and quantitative (n = 8). Key reproductive health needs included (1) childbearing intention, (2) HIV serodiscordance and sexuality, (3) psychological and social support, (4) training and consultation services, (5) access to reliable information, and (6) focused training for healthcare providers.

Conclusion

HIV-discordant couples face various reproductive health challenges. Implementing comprehensive guidelines for reproductive and sexual health, rehabilitation, and fertility planning is crucial to improving their quality of life and health.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023393567.
Exploring resilience among hospital workers: a Bayesian approach
Authors: Uccella Laura , Mascherona Ilenia , Semini Sebastiano , Uccella Sara
Published: August 2024

Background and importance

Healthcare professionals face significant workloads, as their roles are among the most demanding and stressful. Resilience serves as a crucial factor in helping them cope with the challenges encountered in their work environment and effectively manage stress. Assessing the level of resilience among healthcare workers and identifying potential variations across different groups is essential for effective public health management, preventing burnout, and ultimately enhancing patient care.

Objective

To assess the resilience of various categories of workers operating within a tertiary care multisite hospital and understanding if there are any differences in resilience, based on their characteristics, the type of department they work in, and personality traits.

Design, setting and participants

This was a cross-sectional study conducted in January 2024 at EOC, a multi-site tertiary care hospital located in Southern Switzerland. 1,197 hospital workers answered an online survey which included: (1) an ad hoc questionnaire on personal and job characteristics, well-being-related activities, satisfaction level regarding communication, collaboration, support, and training opportunities in the workplace, (2) the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale 10-Item on resilience, and (3) the Big Five Personality Inventory 10-item on personality traits.

Outcome measures and analysis

Proportion of resilient and highly resilient individuals within the various categories of workers were analyzed with Bayesian approach and Bayesian robust regression.

Main results

Being part of the hospitality staff, working as a doctor, and having a male sex were associated to the highest scores of resilience. Surgery and emergency departments had the highest proportion of highly resilient individuals. Male sex, older age, seniority, higher hierarchical rank, engagement in physical activities, relaxation or mindfulness practices, religiosity, perception of good collaboration, communication, support, and physical activity correlated with higher resilience skills.

Conclusion

This cross-sectional study found that physicians and hospitality staff within our multi-site Swiss hospital are more resilient compared to other categories of hospital workers, and among departments, those working in surgery and Emergency Medicine. Enhancing our comprehension of resilience is crucial for more precise management of healthcare systems and the development of employment policies aimed at sustaining the capacity of healthcare systems to serve patients effectively, while also mitigating shortages of healthcare professionals.