bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact Appraisal of Industrialization on Heavy Metal Contamination of Sirsa River Located in the Shivalik Foothills of North Western Himalayas
Authors: Bhardwaj S K , Sharma R , Aggarwal R K
Published: September 2019

In the era of industrialization, deterioration in the quality of aquatic systems has necessitated the monitoring of the environmental contaminants amongst which heavy metals are one of the dangerous pollutants owing to their high toxicity and bioaccumulation. Therefore, heavy metal status of Sirsa river flowing through Baddi Barotiwala Nalagarh (BBN) industrial region was assessed dividing it into six equal stretches and taking river’s entry point to this region as control. In total there were seven treatments which were replicated six times. The nine heavy metals namely As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Ni, Zn and Mn were in the range of 0-0.02, 0-0.07, 0.02-0.10, 0.04-0.29, 0.09-1.20, 0.03-0.55, 0.03-0.27, 0.30-0.25 and 0.02-0.32 mg/l, respectively. All the metals were within the permissible limit prescribed by Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) except Ni and Pb. The mean value of Heavy metal pollution index (HPI) and Metal index (MI) was 999 and 13, respectively and waster was rated under poor to very poor category for drinking purposes. A strong positive correlation was observed between Cr, Fe, Cd, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn representing corresponding increase in their concentrations specifying thereby the common origin of these metals from industrial activities. Therefore, the strict compliance of regulatory standards enacted for emission and discharges from industrial areas is needed to maintain the homeostasis of these riverine ecosystems as well as to aid in designing strategies for long-term management of valuable water resources.
Strategic Ground Water Management Planning for Rice Field in Rangpur Division, Bangladesh
Authors: Salam Md. Tareq Bin , Zaman S. M. Shahriar , Nuralom Md. , Hossain Mehjabin
Published: September 2019

Bangladesh is a land of agriculture and attain near self-sufficiency in rice production. In terms of rice, national output increased over 15 million tons in the last two decades. For obtaining this self sufficiency, groundwater accessibility is continuously increasing that results in expansion of deep and shallow tube wells. Available evidence suggests that the policy focus so far has been largely on “resource development”, and not on “resource management”. This has resulted in serious problems, most notably excessive drawdown in intensively irrigated areas, and the deterioration of groundwater quality. Due to this, an extensive field survey was carried out in Rangpur division (Country’s Northern part) during the year of 2018 to observe the ground water table depletion status in rice field and set up some top most strategies for reviving these problems in a sustainable way. It can be suggested that attention must be given to the development and management of surface water resources to ease pressure on groundwater. Apart from that, focus should be given on optimizing crop water demand through increasing water use efficiency by adopting water conserving management strategies and practices. As per authors’ suggestion, 6 basic strategies can be taken for long term sustainability of ground water management in Rangpur division. The strategies are: 1) Initiate right choice of rice varieties for the season 2) Implement modern water management technology (alternate wetting and drying (AWD), cut off Ratio) 3) Adopting Irrigation scheduling 4) Introduce organic fertilization 5) Apply rain water harvesting and 6) reservoir management.
SOPA, FAMÍLIA E TRABALHO: PERCEPÇÕES CONSTITUÍDAS ENTRE FORQUETA E ITÁLIA
Authors: Prodanov Cleber Cristiano , Magalhães Magna Lima , Metz Rogério De Vargas
Published: September 2019

Resumo: Este estudo aborda as percepções de moradores da zona rural de Forqueta, distrito de Caxias do Sul, sobre o alimento. A localidade está inserida na região historicamente conhecida pela imigração italiana do século XIX e integra o roteiro turístico da região serrana do Rio Grande do Sul. Buscou-se, com base na narrativa oral, o recordar de sujeitos que vivenciaram experiências relacionadas à gastronomia italiana e que acionam, a partir de suas lembranças e rememorações, códigos culturais relacionados aos alimentos. Entende-se, de acordo com Alessandro Portelli (1996), que as narrativas apresentam significados individuais relacionados à vivência e à subjetividade de cada indivíduo. Para tanto, lança-se mão da história oral como metodologia de trabalho, o que possibilita conhecer e registrar diferentes manifestações socioculturais. Destacam-se, portanto, no artigo, as percepções e memórias de três descendentes de italianos que viajaram e conheceram o país de seus antepassados, a Itália. Entende-se o alimento como código cultural constituído em uma complexidade histórica e que pode ser relacionado à constituição de identidades e autorrepresentação.Palavras-chave: Alimento. Memória. Italianos. Imigração.Abstract: This study approaches the perceptions of residents of Forqueta rural area, Caxias do Sul district, about food. The locality is inserted in the region historically known by the Italian immigration of century XIX and it integrates the itinerary that is in the tourist route of the mountainous region of Rio Grande do Sul. Based on the oral narrative, we sought to recall the subjects who experienced experiences related to the Italian gastronomy and that trigger, from their memories and recollections, cultural codes related to food. According to Alessandro Portelli (1996), it is possible to comprehend that the narratives show individual meanings related to each person experience and subjectivity. Therefore, it was used the oral history as this works methodology, that enables us to know and to register different sociocultural manifestations. Stands out the perceptions and memories of three Italian descendants who had traveled and visited their parent’s country, Italy. The foods are understood as a cultural code that was made during a historical complexity and can be related to identity construction and self-representation. Keywords: Foods. Memory. Italians. Immigration.
Renúncia a direitos fundamentais por meio de negócio processual
Authors: Bley Santos Rodrigo
Published: September 2019

O Art. 190 do CPC/2015 introduziu no direito brasileiro o inovador instituto dos negócios processuais atípicos. O trabalho pretende examinar uma sua modalidade específica: o negócio por meio do qual o sujeito renuncia aos seus direitos fundamentais processuais. Iniciar-se-á com uma discussão a respeito dos negócios processuais no direito brasileiro. Em segundo lugar, são examinados os direitos fundamentais no processo civil. Em seguida, será abordada a questão da renúncia a direitos fundamentais segundo a doutrina constitucional. Por fim, o trabalho definirá algumas linhas gerais para a compreensão dos limites à disponibilidade dos direitos fundamentais por meio de convenções processuais.
CORTES SUPREMAS E A HERANÇA BÜLOWIANA NA JURISPRUDENCIALIZAÇÃO DO DIREITO
Authors: Reis Mundim Luis Gustavo , Varela de Oliveira Alexandre
Published: September 2019

RESUMO: O presente artigo objetiva apresentar que o modelo de Cortes Supremas para a formação e aplicação de precedentes é a continuidade do que é preconizado na Teoria do Processo como relação jurídica de Oskar Von Bülow, com a demonstração de sua incompatibilidade com a processualidade democrática. O procedimento metodológico utilizado consistiu na revisão bibliográfica acerca das cortes supremas e da processualidade democrática. Foi possível demonstrar que, no Estado Democrático de Direito, a construção e aplicação dos precedentes deve se dar em espaço processual dialógico-argumentativo a partir do referente-lógico do devido processo que irá possibilitar a compreensão dos precedentes como instituto jurídico processual na democracia, sem que haja qualquer protagonismo dos tribunais.PALAVRA-CHAVE: Cortes Supremas. Jurisprudencialização do direito. Precedentes. Processualidade democrática.
O ART.376 CPC E A PROVA DO DIREITO ESTRANGEIRO: as idas e vindas de um equívoco na legislação processual brasileira.
Authors: Weberbauer Paul Hugo , De França Ariadnée Abreu
Published: September 2019

O presente artigo procura desenvolver uma análise descritiva e crítica sobre a situação do instituto da prova de direito estrangeiro e seu tratamento no art.376 CPC, procurando comprovar a hipótese de que a manutenção da redação do revogado art.337 CPC/73 causa uma estagnação na matéria não compatível com a dinâmica. Com este escopo, o estudo se divide na compreensão da natureza processual do Direito estrangeiro e o significado do termo “prova” quando associado àquele; e, posteriormente, analisa-se como essa natureza influenciou na fórmula legislativa que hoje ainda se manifesta no art.376 CPC, em especial, nas na estagnação da legislação brasileira sobre a matéria.
O PODER DE NEGOCIAÇÃO PROCESSUAL DO MINISTÉRIO PÚBLICO EM MATÉRIA RECURSAL
Authors: Bandeira Tânia D'Able Rocha de Torres
Published: September 2019

O presente trabalho versa sobre a legitimidade do Ministério Público para realizar negócios processuais nas causas em que atue, seja como parte ou como custos juris, especialmente em matéria recursal, analisando se, no contexto do neoprocessualismo, o interesse público tutelado pelo Parquet o impediria ou não de firmar acordos de instância única ou desistência de recurso.
A SUBSTITUIÇÃO DOS EMBARGOS INFRINGENTES PELAS TÉCNICAS DE JULGAMENTO COLEGIADO NO TRIBUNAL DE JUSTIÇA DO CEARÁ: EFEITOS SOBRE A CELERIDADE PROCESSUAL
Authors: Machado Lethicia Pinheiro , Morais José Victor Ibiapina Cunha , Pinto Eduardo Régis Girão de Castro , De Andrade Mariana Dionísio
Published: September 2019

O estudo responde ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: qual a influência que a substituição dos embargos infringentes pelas técnicas de julgamento exerce sobre a celeridade processual? Desenvolve-se pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, com abordagem exploratória e bibliográfica. Com base em pesquisa de campo no Tribunal de Justiça do Ceará e análise comparativa entre os embargos infringentes processados desde 2014 até março de 2019 e as técnicas de julgamento realizadas até a referida data. Conclui-se que a técnica de julgamento prestigiou a celeridade processual, pois o tempo que o instituto adiciona ao trâmite processual é inferior ao lapso necessário ao recurso.
The place they will be born
Authors: Perry Alison Gabrielle
Published: September 2019

As part of a pre-doctorate NIHR fellowship, Alison Perry visited a First Nations reserve in Canada to learn about the history of aboriginal women as mothers and the culture of midwifery
Managing women in pregnancy after bariatric surgery: the midwife as the co-ordinator of care
Authors: Abraham Jenny , Neha Shah , Power Alison
Published: September 2019

Bariatric surgery is a recommended, cost-effective, evidenced-based intervention to reduce weight and associated comorbidities in severely obese people. People with a BMI of 40 kg/m2 or more, or a BMI between 35–40 kg/m2 with other medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, high cholesterol and obstructive sleep apnoea meet the criteria to be considered for bariatric surgery. Over the past 10 years, bariatric surgery in the UK has been more widely accessible and consequently midwives may be required to care for pregnant women who have undergone bariatric surgery such as a gastric band, sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass.

Midwives are required to work co-operatively, recognising and working within the limits of their competence and providing leadership. The aim of this article is to consider the midwife's role as co-ordinator of care for pregnant women who have undergone bariatric surgery. It outlines the most common bariatric procedures and specific considerations, including nutritional supplementation required when providing care to women in the antenatal and postnatal period.
Midwives' voices need to be heard in the safeguarding discussion
Authors: Sanders Michael , Reid Louise
Published: September 2019

Midwives meet women at a crucial stage of life, and can influence a child's wellbeing before it has been born. Michael Sanders and Louise Reid explain how midwives can help safeguard children
Beliefs about family policy among US mothers in publicly-subsidised housing: collective responsibility or individual self-sufficiency
Authors: Kane Emily W.
Published: September 2019

In the context of critiques of welfare policy in the USA, I explore how mothers living in public housing balance notions of individual and collective responsibility for families struggling with poverty. Participants recognise collective responsibility at the institutional level and prefer inclusive approaches to public assistance policy. But the hegemony of individualism in the culture and in the framing of their specific programme pulls them toward the rhetoric of personal responsibility and a punitive, market-based logic of individual choice. This, in turn, obscures the gendered and classed structures reinforced by neoliberal policy’s emphasis on privatised market forces and personal responsibility.
Retheorising the relationship between electricity scarcity and social injustice: evidence from Zimbabwe
Authors: Chipango Ellen Fungisai
Published: September 2019

Despite the pervasive social scarcity of electricity in Zimbabwe, there is little understanding of this phenomenon, especially how it abrogates social justice. With a view to debunking the natural inevitability of electricity scarcity, the article argues that in an energy sector driven by neoliberal tendencies, capital accumulation is not challenged. Hence electricity scarcity is erroneously considered inevitable. Drawing on qualitative research, the fundamental argument advanced in this article is that structural factors such as the market trends produce and reproduce electricity social scarcity, which in turn perpetuates social injustice because electricity is a sine qua non of human development. Coincidentally, this work also reveals that neoliberalism is not only an ideological rhetoric embedded in political-economic reality, but rather its discourse produces prudent subjects who are loyal to it and prepared to endure the effects of energy poverty. Accordingly, the paper raises some critical challenges for policymakers as it has both political-economic and social justice implications, insisting that electricity availability does not mean access to all – scarcity can be experienced even when the resource is in abundance.
Brazil: what is to be done?
Authors: Ferguson Iain , Garcia Maria Lucia
Published: September 2019

The election of Jair Bolsonaro as President of Brazil on 28 October 2018 sent shock waves across the world. Bolsonaro is a retired army officer and Far Right politician who has made clear his admiration for the brutal military junta that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985. Iain Ferguson interviewed Brazilian social work academic Maria Lucia Garcia about the reasons for Bolsonaro’s victory and what it will mean for Brazilian social work.
200  Gbit/s/λ PDM-PAM-4 PON system based on intensity modulation and coherent detection
Authors: Zhang Jiao , Yu Jianjun , Li Xinying , Wang Kaihui , Zhou Wen , Xiao Jiangnan , Zhao Li , Pan Xiaolong , Liu Bo , Xin Xiangjun
Published: September 2019

A low-complexity and cost-efficient coherent detection-based 100 Gb/s or beyond passive optical network (PON) has attracted a lot of attention in recent years, as this technology offers high receiver sensitivity, colorless frequency selectivity, and linear detection enabling channel impairment compensation in the digital domain. We experimentally demonstrate the first single-wavelength 200 Gb/s coherent PON over 20 km downstream transmission with polarization division multiplexed four-level pulsed amplitude modulation (PDM-PAM-4) signals in the C-band. The intensity modulator replaces the costly in-phase/quadrature modulator, and hardware-efficient carrier recovery technologies are used for recovery of PAM-4 symbols. By using optimized Nyquist pulse shaping, the transceiver bandwidth can be reduced to within 50 GHz. A maximum power budget of 32.5 dB can be achieved for 200 Gb/s/λ PDM-PAM-4 at a bit error rate of

1
×

10

−
2

over 20 km fiber transmission. The possibility of a 200 Gb/s/λ PON is investigated using intensity modulation and coherent detection for the first time to our knowledge.
Malignant Granular Cell Tumor of the Bile Duct
Authors: Quinn Patrick L. , Abdelfatah Eihab , Galan Mark A. , Ahlawat Sushil K. , Chokshi Ravi J.
Published: September 2019

A 56-year-old man presented to the emergency department with painless jaundice and weight loss. Abdominal ultrasound detected dilation of the common bile duct and the intrahepatic bile ducts. Follow-up with endoscopic retrograde cholangiography exposed a stricture of the common hepatic duct, with cholangioscopy identifying an infiltrating tumor. Biopsy revealed a granular cell tumor, which was confirmed by positive S-100 immunohistochemical staining. Surgical excision confirmed granular cell tumor of the bile duct with morphological features suggestive of malignancy.
DEFINIÇÃO DE ZONAS DE INTERESSE METROPOLITANO COMO SUBSÍDIO PARA O PLANEJAMENTO AMBIENTAL NA REGIÃO METROPOLITANA DE BELO HORIZONTE
Authors: Leitão Rodrigo Machado Fernandes , Malta Guilherme Augusto Pereira , Lopes Frederico Azevedo
Published: September 2019

A proposta de Macrozoneamento da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH), ocorrida entre 2013-2015, deu legitimidade à intervenção e regulação do poder público sobre a dinâmica territorial, intermediando conflitos e conciliando interesses, por meio da delimitação de Zonas de Interesse Metropolitano (ZIM). Deste modo, busca-se estabelecer conjuntos de uso e apropriação do território conforme suas características intrínsecas, tendências e necessidades, associando formas de apropriação do território às dinâmicas atuais e futuras. Neste contexto, este trabalho tem por objetivo a delimitação e definição de parâmetros que possibilitem a identificação de áreas, ou zonas, com similitudes quanto às suas características ambientais, especialmente em relação à necessidade deconservação/preservação, recuperação e uso, que subsidiem a delimitação das ZIM. Foi utilizado a metodologia relativa aos processos de zoneamento ambiental, disponibilizada pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente e a técnica de análise multicritérios, visando determinar o grau de semelhança e a compatibilidade entre as áreas previamente sugeridas no processo de macrozoneamento e aquelas identificadas neste estudo. Conclui-se que, diante do significativo número de áreas degradadas e/ou precariamente protegidas, torna-se fundamental a efetivação do planejamento, gestão e manejo das áreas verdes e de proteção ambiental visando à promoção da sustentabilidade socioeconômica da população que reside na RMBH.
ZUR FÖRDERUNG DER SPRACHBEWUSSTHEIT – VERGLEICHEN UND BESPRECHEN DER GRAMMATISCHEN STRUKTUREN
Authors: Hinc Jolanta
Published: September 2019

This paper elaborates on the notion of language awareness among multilingual students. In the first part the author presents the results of a research study whose objective was to assess if multilingual students are aware that the languages they speak and study (English and German) interact constantly and if they recognize the phenomenon of the positive and negative transfer. The subjects were students of Applied Linguistics at the universities of Bydgoszcz, Gdańsk and Poznań in Poland. The second part of the article is an attempt to connect theory and practice. It contains some suggestions how to improve multilingual foreign language teaching. A comparison and discussion of grammar structures aims to promote language awareness among students of foreign languages.
BADANIA BIOGRAFICZNE JAKO ŹRÓDŁO REFLEKSJI NAD PROCESAMI NAUCZANIA/UCZENIA SIĘ JĘZYKÓW OBCYCH
Authors: Jaroszewska Anna
Published: September 2019

If reflection is the necessary condition for successful development of all participants of the process of foreign language teaching and learning, as well as for the evolution of the scientific discipline, as we may now call glottodidactics, it is worth looking for all possible examples of it. In the light of this, the author of this article develops the thesis that appropriately designed studies based on biographies may provide rich and useful material for reflection on foreign language learning and teaching. The author also attempts to explain why biographical research is so rarely used in Polish glottodidactic studies and if this state of affairs could be changed.
ROLA REFLEKSJI W PROCESIE PRZYGOTOWANIA DO ZAWODU NAUCZYCIELA JĘZYKA OBCEGO
Authors: Marciniak Izabela
Published: September 2019

The process of foreign language teacher training requires the introduction and development of reflection skills for teaching and work as an educator. That is why the process of teacher training must provide students with the necessary knowledge and practice. This article presents the rationale of the teacher training process at the Institute of German Philology, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, according to the standards for teaching from the years 2004 and 2012. The research described concerns the role of self-reflection in students both during the process of their training as future teachers and in their teaching practice in schools.
ANALIZA UMIEJĘTNOŚCI REFLEKSYJNYCH PRZYSZŁYCH NAUCZYCIELI JĘZYKA ANGIELSKIEGO
Authors: Czajka Ewa
Published: September 2019

The fact that a successful language instructor has to be a reflective practitioner is undeniable. However, observations made during teacher training courses reveal trainees’ reluctance to self-evaluate their conduct and poorly-developed reflective thinking skills. In an attempt to aid the future teachers’ progress in this area, a series of written tasks was introduced during a course. These included: self-evaluation of one’s strengths and weaknesses, pre and post-microteaching reflections. The analysis of these narratives provides an insight into the trainees’ self-evaluation processes and demonstrates a gradual progress in their abilities from descriptive to productive reflective thinking. Thus the results seem to confirm the positive influence of the intervention.
RÓŻNORODNOŚĆ TECHNIK UCZENIA SIĘ SŁOWNICTWA W JĘZYKU OBCYM
Authors: Gorąca-Sawczyk Gabriela
Published: September 2019

In this article I will concentrate on various techniques for learning and teaching vocabulary that support the memorizing of new words, and I will present the results of a survey conducted among students of applied linguistics on this topic. The main aim of this article is to verify the hypothesis that students haven’t yet been exposed to different techniques for effective vocabulary learning. First, I will show what the mental lexicon is and how it is organised. How mnemonists learn will also be discussed. Then I will briefly explain the terms ‘vocabulary’ and ‘lexical competence’ and show the important principles of vocabulary training. At the end, I will present the most important results of my survey (opinion poll).
Studies on Wall-Slip in Entangled Polymeric Liquids
Authors: Joshi Yogesh M.
Published: September 2019

In this work, it is attempted to theoretically understand the phenomenon of wall slip through empirical and molecular models. Initially, we use the framework a transient network theory. We show that the severe disentanglement in the interfacial region can give rise to non-monotonic flow curve locally in that region. Further, we generalize this model into a unified slip model, which predicts wall slip by either disentanglement or by debonding mechanism, depending upon the adhesive energy of the wall-polymer pair. The model predictions of the critical wall shear stress are in good agreement with experiments for various adhesive energies of the wall-polymer pair. The model predicts that the temperature dependence of the critical wall shear stress for debonding is different than that of disentanglement mechanism under certain experimental conditions. To validate the predictions of unified model, we measure the critical stress for sudden slip due to debonding for various temperatures using cone and plate viscometer with fluoroelastomer-coated cone. The temperature dependence of the critical stress for instability (slip) on a coated cone is found out to be inversely dependent on temperature, which expected for the case of debonding. In the final part of this thesis, we develop a parameter-free tube model for predicting the stick-slip phenomenon. The model, which is based on the contour variable model [Mead et al., 1998, Macromolecules, 31, 7895], considers the dynamics of the tethered chains, which are grafted on a high-energy wall and which are entangled with the bulk chains flowing past them. We show that the restricted relaxation modes of the tethered molecule give rise to discontinuous slip instability. More specifically, the slow relaxation of the tethered chain due to the restricted convective constraint release is unable to randomize its flow-induced orientation above a critical shear rate or stress. This decreases the resistance to flow for the bulk chains, which suddenly slip past the oriented tethered chains.
Moments of the weighted Cantor measures
Authors: Harding Steven N. , Riasanovsky Alexander W. N.
Published: September 2019

Based on the seminal work of Hutchinson, we investigate properties of α-weighted Cantor measures whose support is a fractal contained in the unit interval. Here, α is a vector of nonnegative weights summing to 1, and the corresponding weighted Cantor measure μα
is the unique Borel probability measure on [0, 1] satisfying

μ

α

(
E
)
=

∑

n
=
0

N
-
1

α

n

μ

α

(

ϕ

n

-
1

(
E
)
)

{\mu ^\alpha }(E) = \sum\nolimits_{n = 0}^{N - 1} {{\alpha _n}{\mu ^\alpha }(\varphi _n^{ - 1}(E))}

where ϕn
: x ↦ (x + n)/N. In Sections 1 and 2 we examine several general properties of the measure μα
and the associated Legendre polynomials in

L

μ

α

2

L_{{\mu ^\alpha }}^2

[0, 1]. In Section 3, we (1) compute the Laplacian and moment generating function of μα
, (2) characterize precisely when the moments Im
= ∫[0,1]
xm dμα
exhibit either polynomial or exponential decay, and (3) describe an algorithm which estimates the first m moments within uniform error ε in O((log log(1/ε)) · m log m). We also state analogous results in the natural case where α is palindromic for the measure να
attained by shifting μα
to [−1/2, 1/2].
Closure properties in the class of multiple context-free groups
Authors: Kropholler Robert P. , Spriano Davide
Published: September 2019

We show that the class of groups withk-multiple context-free word problem is closed under graphs of groups with finite edge groups.
Oral supplementation with geranium oil or anise oil ameliorates depressed rat-related symptoms through oils antioxidant effects
Authors: El-Shamy Karima A. , Koriem Khaled M. M. , Fadl Nevein N. , El-Azma Marwa H. A. , Arbid Mahmoud S. S. , Morsy Fatma A. , El-Zayat Salwa R. , Hosny Eman N. , Youness Eman R.
Published: September 2019

Background

Depression is a psychiatric disease condition and the chronic mild stress (CMS) model is a well-known and valuable animal model of depression. Geranium oil and anise oil were chosen for such a study. The aim of this research was to establish the geranium oil and anise oil effect to ameliorate CMS-related symptoms.

Methods

This research included 80 male albino rats each group of 10 rats and the animals were divided into two major groups: normal and CMS. The normal group was subdivided into four (control, geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug) subgroups treated orally with saline, geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug, respectively, for 4 weeks. The CMS group was subdivided into four (CMS without any treatment, CMS + geranium oil, CMS + anise oil and CMS + venlafaxine drug) subgroups treated orally with geranium oil, anise oil and venlafaxine drug, respectively, for 4 weeks.

Results

The sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test, the distance traveled test and center square entries test were decreased, while center square duration test, immobility time in tail suspension test and floating time in forced swimming test were increased in CMS. The superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase and catalase levels decreased but malondialdehyde and nitric oxide levels increased in brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus areas in CMS. The oral intake of geranium oil and anise oil pushes all these parameters to approach the control levels. These results were supported by histopathological investigations of both brain cerebral cortex and hippocampus tissues.

Conclusions

Geranium oil and anise oil ameliorate CMS-related symptoms and this effect were related to the antioxidant effects of oils.
Zur Begreifbarkeit der Ausdehnung von Zeit und Raum
Authors: Prauss Gerold
Published: September 2019

This article concerns the unsolved riddle of the continuum of the extension of time and space. It becomes solvable if one takes the two different relationships that can exist between extension and point as a basis: the primary relationship in the synthetic continuum and the secondary relationship in the analytical continuum. Time and space can then be deduced from the primary relationship between extension and point as each special extension. And this deduction corresponds exactly to the synthesis of time and space that Kant seeks to develop.
Explaining Temporal Phenomenology: Hume’s Extensionalism and Kant’s Apriorism
Authors: Bardon Adrian
Published: September 2019

The empiricist needs to explain the origin, in perception, of the idea of time. Kant believed the only answer was a kind of idealism about time. This essay examines Hume’s extensionalism as a possible answer to Kant. Extensionalism allegedly accounts for the experience of time via the manner of presentation of experiences, rather than the content of experience.
Über die Detektierbarkeit von Objekten in Bildern mittels quantisierter neuronaler Netze
Authors: Mitschke Norbert , Heizmann Michael
Published: September 2019

Infolge von sinkenden Hardwarepreisen und der zunehmenden Automatisierung in Produktionsprozessen wird maschinelles Lernen für industrielle Sichtprüfungsaufgaben immer interessanter. In diesem Beitrag wird die Detektierbarkeit von Objekten in Bildern mit verschiedenen Auflösungen mittels eines neuronalen Netzes untersucht. Die verwendeten Datensätze beinhalten die Erkennung von Defekten in Leiterplatten, Ziffern von Hausnummern und Verkehrsschildern. Es wird gezeigt, dass die Information über das Vorhandensein eines Objekts bis zu einer bestimmten Schwelle beim Heruntertasten nicht verschwindet. Dadurch kann die Auflösung des Eingabebildes des Detektors reduziert werden, ohne hohe Verluste bei der Detektion hinnehmen zu müssen, was den Ressourcenbedarf der Inferenz reduziert. Dies erleichtert die Implementierung des Detektors auf kleineren Geräten wie bspw. einem FPGA erheblich. Für die untersuchten Datensätze ist so eine Reduktion der Seitenlängen der Eingangsbilder um bis zu

50

%

50\hspace{0.1667em}\%

möglich und wird nur durch Bilder, die relativ kleine Objekte enthalten, begrenzt.
Health indication of electric motors using a hybrid modeling approach
Authors: Bergs Christoph , Khalil Mohamed , Hildebrandt Marcel , Heizmann Michael , Wüchner Roland , Bletzinger Kai-Uwe , Tresp Volker
Published: September 2019

Health assessment of electric motors is a research topic of high relevance in the area of structural mechanics. In the early days, the health state of an electric motor was mainly determined by empirical knowledge. But this paradigm is shifting to advanced methods of predicting the health of single components of an electric motor using its physical simulation models from the design phase. However, the process of creating the models to become usable during operation is laborious and in many cases no simulation or even 3D-CAD models from the design phase are available. This article focuses on a combination of a physics-based and data-driven estimation of the motor health, especially for motors where no information from the design phase is available. In particular, the advancements of the development of the hybrid fusion method moSAIc are presented. moSAIc allows to transfer the knowledge inherent in physical degradation models of motors to unknown derivatives. The experiments show that the accuracy and robustness of moSAIc is significantly better compared to results of earlier stages.
N,N,N′,N′-Tetramethylethylene-diaminium-N,N′-disulfonic acid trifluoroacetate and pyridinium-N-sulfonic acid hydrogen sulfate as highly effective dual-functional catalysts for the preparation of N,N′-alkylidene bisamides
Authors: Kordrostami Zahra , Zare Abdolkarim , Karami Mostafa
Published: September 2019

In this research, Brønsted-acidic ionic liquids N,N,N′,N′-tetramethylethylene-diaminium-N,N′-disulfonic acid trifluoroacetate ([TMEDSA][TFA]2) and pyridinium-N-sulfonic acid hydrogen sulfate ([Py-SO3H][HSO4]) have been introduced as dual-functional catalysts for the green, simple and effective preparation of N,N′-alkylidene bisamides by the reaction of primary amides (2 eq.) with arylaldehydes (1 eq.) under solvent-free conditions. The reaction results and conditions of the catalysts have been compared with the previously reported ones. [TMEDSA][TFA]2 and [Py-SO3H][HSO4] were superior to the previously reported catalysts in terms of two or more of these factors: reaction times (10–45 min), yields (86–98%), temperature and the reaction conditions. Additionally, a plausible and attractive mechanism based on dual functionality of the catalysts has been proposed.
Robust Control in Human Reaching Movements: A Model-Free Strategy to Compensate for Unpredictable Disturbances
Authors: Crevecoeur Frédéric , Scott Stephen H. , Cluff Tyler
Published: September 2019

Current models of motor learning suggest that multiple timescales support adaptation to changes in visual or mechanical properties of the environment. These models capture patterns of learning and memory across a broad range of tasks, yet do not consider the possibility that rapid changes in behavior may occur without adaptation. Such changes in behavior may be desirable when facing transient disturbances, or when unpredictable changes in visual or mechanical properties of the task make it difficult to form an accurate model of the perturbation. Whether humans can modulate control strategies without an accurate model of the perturbation remains unknown. Here we frame this question in the context of robust control (H∞-control), a control strategy that specifically considers unpredictable disturbances by increasing initial movement speed and feedback gains. Correspondingly, we demonstrate in two human reaching experiments including males and females that the occurrence of a single unpredictable disturbance led to an increase in movement speed and in the gain of rapid feedback responses to mechanical disturbances on subsequent movements. This strategy reduced perturbation-related motion regardless of the direction of the perturbation. Furthermore, we found that changes in the control strategy were associated with co-contraction, which amplified the gain of muscle responses to both lengthening and shortening perturbations. These results have important implications for studies on motor adaptation because they highlight that trial-by-trial changes in limb motion also reflected changes in control strategies dissociable from error-based adaptation.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHumans and animals use internal representations of movement dynamics to anticipate the impact of predictable disturbances. However, we are often confronted with transient or unpredictable disturbances, and it remains unknown whether and how the nervous system handles these disturbances over fast time scales. Here we hypothesized that humans can modulate their control strategy to make reaching movements less sensitive to perturbations. We tested this hypothesis in the framework of robust control, and found changes in movement speed and feedback gains consistent with the model predictions. These changes impacted participants' behavior on a trial-by-trial basis. We conclude that compensation for disturbances over fast time scales involves a robust control strategy, which potentially plays a key role in motor planning and execution.
Dirty Data: Content Moderation, Regulatory Outsourcing, and The Cleaners
Authors: Parks Lisa
Published: September 2019

Longtime FQ Editorial Board member and 2018 MacArthur Fellow Lisa Parks charts the shift in critical focus from the potential of social media platforms to unite people around progressive causes to the need for “content moderation,” the practice of cleaning up digital pollution. Parks centers her analysis on The Cleaners (2018), Moritz Riesewieck and Hans Block's provocative documentary that delves into the lives and worlds of commercial content moderators at an unnamed company in the Philippines. The film's account of these digital-labor conditions prompts Parks' critical reflection on a series of issues: the delegation of U.S. media regulation to globally outsourced workers, the problematic trope of “cleaning,” the business of historical sanitization, and the black-boxing of infrastructural information.
The Return of Miserabilism: Richard Billingham's Ray & Liz
Authors: Tyree J. M.
Published: September 2019

This essay discusses Richard Billingham's debut feature film, Ray & Liz (2018), through the lens of miserabilism as both an historical art movement and as an endemic feature of British film culture. The film provides both continuity and innovation in Billingham's work, connecting with his 1990s photographs of his family (originally displayed alongside the work of other Young British Artists [YBAs] at the London Sensation exhibition in 1997), and introducing new formal aspects of narrative cinema into his career in the visual arts. Called a “cine-memoir” by Billingham, Ray & Liz portrays incidents from the artist's family's life and his own upbringing near Birmingham, focusing on his father's alcoholism and his parents' loss of custody of Billingham's brother. The film questions many of the assumptions about how poverty is represented in contemporary cinema and challenges the tendencies of miserabilism towards apolitical nihilism on one hand and simplistic message-making on the other.
On Platforms
Authors: Benson-Allott Caetlin
Published: September 2019

FQ Columnist Caetlin Benson-Allott explores the long-standing relationship between alcohol and cinema-going. She traces the history of this growing trend in movie concessions, beginning with cinema's debut at the Grand Café de Paris, whose menu certainly included alcohol. Noting the physiological effects of alcohol consumption on the viewer, she argues that moderate drinking can make mediocre movies more enjoyable. Alcohol has also helped shaped the current landscape of cinema exhibition by providing a profitable revenue stream for independent and microcinemas in addition to helping them foster a sense of community.
Elsewhere
Authors: Qureshi Bilal
Published: September 2019

FQ Columnist Bilal Qureshi discusses the new Netflix film, The Burial of Kojo, released in March 2019 as part of the platform's slate of high-profile films. The debut feature film by the Ghanaian-born and Brooklyn-based artist Samuel “Blitz” Bazawule (known by his stage name, Blitz the Ambassador), Kojo weaves together urgent questions of pollution, corruption, urbanization, and Chinese expansion into West Africa, but places them in the background of a deeply felt story of one daughter's search for her missing father. Qureshi discusses the film in the broader context of the crisis of representation that afflicts African peoples, countries, and stories, due to the absence of storytellers from the region on the global stage. These themes came into sharper focus for Qureshi during a visit to the Venice Biennale, which for the first time ever includes a Ghana Pavilion.
The Malaga Festival: Cinema, Celebrity, and Culture
Authors: Wheeler Duncan
Published: September 2019

Now in its twenty-second edition, the Malaga Festival of Film in Spanish can hardly compete for cultural capital with Spain's renowned San Sebastián Film Festival or, for that matter, with its long-standing counterparts in Valladolid, Seville, or Gijón. As the only major forum of its kind dedicated to Spanish cinema and, since 2016, to cinema in Spanish, the Malaga Film Festival nevertheless occupies a unique place in the national film landscape and consciousness. Culture has been central to the recent makeover of the Andalusian city, the birthplace of Pablo Picasso and Antonio Banderas. Festival organisers face the challenge of pleasing diverse stakeholders, combing the glamour of the red carpet with securing the best titles. Duncan Wheeler (University of Leeds) attended the Festival in March this year to explore how and why the dynamics at play offer a snapshot of the past, present, and future of Spanish audiovisual production.
Teaching Tepahtia
Authors: Cooley Mackenzie
Published: September 2019

This pedagogical article discusses sources and methods for teaching the history of imperial science and medicine in the Nahua world from 1400 to 1600, a period that ranges from the spectacular growth of the Aztec Empire through the conquest to the creation of New Spain. By providing students tools to explore non-European ontologies and world-building, this article presents several exercises in which students act as archival researchers and themselves puzzle out the complexities of information transfer in the archive of sixteenth-century Latin America. Combining European paleography workshops, linguistic tools pioneered by the IDIEZ Nahuatl program, the study of Mesoamerican archeological objects, and an engagement with Mexican medicinal plants to recreate early modern remedies, students gain access to a world of New Spanish knowledge-creation.
ForeWomen
Authors: Ponomareff Alexander
Published: September 2019

In June 1954, Eunice Kathleen Waymon performed on an Atlantic City stage for the first time under the name Nina Simone. This performative self-creation is mirrored in the structure and lyrical content of one of her best-known songs, “Four Women,” in which each verse features Simone singing as a different woman. By examining the similarities between the varying accounts of Waymon’s transformation into Simone, and by conducting a close reading of Simone’s performances of “Four Women,” it is possible to understand Simone’s song as challenging representational politics by pluralizing identities.

This strategic decision was underscored when the rapper Talib Kweli and DJ Hi Tek recreated “Four Women” as “For Women” on their 2000 record Reflection Eternal. “For Women” reproduces the structure and message of Simone’s original. Mimicking the logic of self-creation that Simone embodied both in her life and in “Four Women,” Kweli and Hi-Tek craft a song where Kweli transitions, often mid-verse, between rapping about each of these four women in the third person and taking on the first-person perspective of each woman. Understanding these two examples together illustrates the power and legacy of “Four Women” and its critique of representational politics and of the rigidity of unique subject positions.
“I’m Not the Drummer’s Girlfriend”
Authors: Vilanova John , Cassidy Kyle
Published: September 2019

This article explores the role of gender stereotype and gender bias within the industrial ecosystem of live music touring through the archetype of “Merch Girl,” a catch-all for women who sell merchandise. Using twenty interviews with touring workers and supplementary fieldwork, it situates the idea of “Merch Girl” within its industry ecosystem, querying the gendered dynamics of touring and the place of the merch stand in an often-sexist setting. It argues that merch selling’s second-class status is symptomatic of a set of insidious industrywide assumptions that delimit women’s ability to participate equitably in touring, specifically (1) that the job is a backroad for so-called “groupies” and romantic partners to gain illicit access; (2) that the merch table labor is gendered; and (3) that women’s place within live music itself is resultingly precarious. This rhetoric is a symptom of institutional sexism that delegitimizes women’s ability to belong in the touring industry.
Performance as Intervention
Authors: Xiao Jian , Qu Shuwen
Published: September 2019

This article presents a study on the punk phenomenon in China, with a focus on how the punk musicians create new spaces within music production and performances. More importantly, it will examine how these spaces and acts of performance engage with political structures in contemporary China. By analyzing the impact that the political and economic changes of recent decades have had on the nature of Chinese society and culture, the article will first set out to understand the social context in which the punk phenomenon emerged and developed in China. Drawing on interviews with Chinese punk musicians, a discussion of the politics of place will show how a Chinese punk band has challenged a dominated space by performing in the Tiananmen Square. Informed by Attali’s theoretical discussion on “noise”, the next focus will be on an exploration of the process of power negotiation in performing punk music and seeking punk authenticity through non-conforming practices at government/institution-sponsored events. Overall, it is argued that punk performance can carve out a space for alternative political aspirations through interaction with authoritative figures (e.g. in resisting the existing powers), thus challenging state power and institutional oppression in China.
Playing the System
Authors: Snyder Andrew
Published: September 2019

Despite dire predictions that participatory musical traditions would inevitably decline in capitalist modernity in which producers are increasingly distinguished from consumers, Rio de Janeiro’s street carnival revival, on the rise in the past two decades, shows that participatory music can thrive under capitalist relations. Much of the street carnival revival celebrates the free events in the streets as forming an uncommodified, musical social movement that presents an alternative to the expensive, presentational, and commercialized samba school spectacle. Theories of musical participation (Keil, Turino) likewise depict participatory musical practices as emancipatory and oppositional to capitalist relations. The vitality of street carnival, however, depends on oficinas, or for-profit classes that teach a wide variety of Brazilian and international styles for students to play with professional teachers in participatory carnival ensembles (blocos). In probing teachers’ “pedagogical labor,” this article portrays oficinas as comprising a “capitalist participatory music industry.” By offering a case study on a carnival brass band community turned activist musical movement whose growth has been fueled by oficinas, I show, however, that the commodified status of oficinas does not necessarily deprive them of the capacity to build an anti-capitalist musical movement. These musicians navigate, take advantage from, and challenge capitalist realities.