bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
LED Lighting Across Borders. Exploring the Plea for Darkness and Value-Sensitive Design with Libbrecht’s Comparative Philosophy Model
Authors: Janssens Els , Stone Taylor , Yu Xue , Bombaerts Gunter
Published: October 2019

This chapter discusses how a comparative philosophical model can contribute to both substantive and procedural values in energy policy. We discuss the substantive values in the mainstream light-emitting diodes (LEDs) debate and Taylor Stone’s alternative plea for darkness. We also explore Value Sensitive Design as a procedural approach. We conclude that the comparative philosophical model of Ulrich Libbrecht can appropriately broaden the set of substantive values used in VSD. We discuss the values of ‘by-itself-so’ and ‘alter-intentionality’, which come with the unforeseen necessity of accepting elements from other worldviews and of normativity in the procedural VSD approach.
Energy Justice and Construction of Community with a Shared Future for Mankind
Authors: Guoyu Wang , Guan Jianing , Li Lei
Published: October 2019

The Western approaches on energy justice mostly link energy access to basic need and rights of individuals. These approaches are mainly based on the rights-justice theory of traditional political philosophy. Though Sovacool et al. (Applied Energy 142: 437, 2015) introduce the dimension of moral philosophy and ethical responsibility into the study of energy justice, their standpoint remains individual freedom, equality, and responsibility. However, energy issues are not only a matter of individual rights and responsibilities, nor are they only problems of the distribution and commitment of the accessibility and environmental consequences of energy consumption. From the very beginning, energy issues involve the issue of inter-subject relationships, involving both the responsibility of individuals and of collective subjects. Therefore, it is necessary to jump out of the traditional mode of thinking of individual rights theory and individual responsibility.

Based on the traditional Chinese philosophical ethical resources, mainly the Confucian thoughts on hexie (harmony) and yi (just), the “Tianxia” (world) view, and the reflections from the tradition of community both from the West and East, this article links energy justice to the construction of community with a shared future for mankind and puts forward that the foundation of energy justice lies in how to construct the relationship between the subjects (both individual and collective) of justice in the community with a shared future for mankind. Through cases of Yulin and global carbon emissions about energy justice, we propose a holistic perspective on energy justice inspired by the idea of the community with a shared future for mankind, and then point out that we should deal with the four major relations involved in the complete process of energy acquisition, distribution, utilization, and post-processing, in order to build a just energy system. Finally, we propose three possible strategies to deal with issues of energy justice, that is, specific strategy, real-time strategy, and holistic strategy, which may shed some light on the global issues of energy justice.
A Hindu Philosophy Perspective on the Temporal Nature of Energy Justice in Odisha, India
Authors: Herington Matthew , Malakar Yuwan , Sharma Vigya
Published: October 2019

This chapter draws upon Amartya Sen’s interpretation of the Hindu Bhagavad Gita to discuss temporal justice implications underlying energy transitions observed in much of the Global South. In particular, it applies this Hindu-based philosophy to unpack the energy policy dichotomy currently facing policymakers in the Indian state of Odisha: the conflict between achieving sustainable development whilst also rapidly decarbonising by transitioning away from a strong industrialisation-driven model of economic development. Drawing from the Gita-inspired notions of a focus on duty in the here-and-now versus a sensitivity towards future consequences of present actions, this chapter introduces Nyāya, a Sanskrit term for justice. We argue that Nyāya’s focus on ‘realised’ justice is far more comprehensive and inclusive in that it allows policymakers to move beyond Niti, which limits, instead, policy to follow the trappings of bounded institutions, rules, and regulations.
Suppression of scalar mediated FCNCs in a SU(3)c× SU(3)L× U(1)X -model
Authors: Huitu Katri , Koivunen Niko
Published: October 2019

Abstract

The models based on SU(3)C ×SU(3)L ×U(1)Xgauge symmetry (331-models) have been advocated to explain the number of fermion families. These models place one quark family to a different representation than the other two. The traditional 331-models are plagued by scalar mediated quark flavour changing neutral currents (FCNC) at tree- level. So far there has been no concrete mechanisms to suppress these FCNCs in 331- models. Recently it has been shown that the Froggatt-Nielsen mechanism can be incorporated into the 331-setting in an economical fashion (FN331-model). The FN331-model explains both the number of fermion families in nature and their mass hierarchy simultaneously. In this work we study the Higgs mediated quark FCNCs in FN331-model. The flavour violating couplings of quarks are suppressed by the ratio of the SU(2)L ×U(1)Yand SU(3)L ×U(1)Xbreaking scales. We find that the SU(3)L ×U(1)X-breaking scale can be as low as 5 TeV in order to pass the flavour bounds.
The emerging role of galectins in (re)myelination and its potential for developing new approaches to treat multiple sclerosis
Authors: de Jong Charlotte G. H. M. , Gabius Hans-Joachim , Baron Wia
Published: October 2019

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory, demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system with unknown etiology. Currently approved disease-modifying treatment modalities are immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive. While the applied drugs reduce the frequency and severity of the attacks, their efficacy to regenerate myelin membranes and to halt disease progression is limited. To achieve such therapeutic aims, understanding biological mechanisms of remyelination and identifying factors that interfere with remyelination in MS can give respective directions. Such a perspective is given by the emerging functional profile of galectins. They form a family of tissue lectins, which are potent effectors in processes as diverse as adhesion, apoptosis, immune mediator release or migration. This review focuses on endogenous and exogenous roles of galectins in glial cells such as oligodendrocytes, astrocytes and microglia in the context of de- and (re)myelination and its dysregulation in MS. Evidence is arising for a cooperation among family members so that timed expression and/or secretion of galectins-1, -3 and -4 result in modifying developmental myelination, (neuro)inflammatory processes, de- and remyelination. Dissecting the mechanisms that underlie the distinct activities of galectins and identifying galectins as target or tool to modulate remyelination have the potential to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for MS.
Pixantrone demonstrates significant in vitro activity against multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia
Authors: Willenbacher Ella , Jöhrer Karin , Willenbacher Wolfgang , Flögel Brigitte , Greil Richard , Kircher Brigitte
Published: October 2019

Treatment results for multiple myeloma and plasma cell leukemia have considerably improved, but cure remains elusive and establishing new therapeutic approaches constitutes a major unmet clinical need. We analyzed the anti-myeloma properties of the aza-anthracenedione pixantrone which has been successfully used in a phase III study for the treatment of patients with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma as monotherapy as well as in combination regimes in vitro and in an adapted in vivo model (ex ovo chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay). Pixantrone significantly inhibited proliferation and metabolic activity of all investigated myeloma cell lines. Importantly, anti-myeloma effects were more pronounced in tumor cell lines than in stromal cells, mesenchymal stem cells, and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy controls. Apoptosis of myeloma cell lines was observed only after a 7-day incubation period, indicating a fast cytostatic and a slower cytotoxic effect of this drug. Pixantrone reduced the viability of primary plasma cells of patients and induced downregulation of myeloma-cell growth in the CAM assay. Additionally, we demonstrate in vitro synergism between pixantrone and the histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat with respect to its anti-proliferative features. From these data, we conclude that systematic investigations of the clinical usefulness of pixantrone in the framework of controlled clinical trials are clearly indicated (e.g., in penta-refractory patients).
Evolution of impulsive–compulsive behaviors and cognition in Parkinson’s disease
Authors: Erga Aleksander H. , Alves Guido , Tysnes Ole Bjørn , Pedersen Kenn Freddy
Published: October 2019

The longitudinal course of ICBs in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PwP) relative to controls has not been explored as of yet. The aim of this study is to determine the frequency, evolution and associated cognitive and clinical features of impulsive and compulsive behaviors (ICBs) over 4 years of prospective follow-up in a population-based cohort with early Parkinson’s disease (PD). We recruited 124 cognitively intact participants with early PD and 156 matched controls from the Norwegian ParkWest study. ICBs were assessed using the self-report short form version of the Questionnaire for Impulsive–Compulsive Disorders in PD. Cognitive changes were examined in PwP with and without ICBs who completed the 4-year follow-up. Generalized linear mixed modelling and mixed linear regression were used to analyze clinical factors and cognitive changes associated with ICBs in PwP over time. ICBs were more common in PwP than controls at all visits, with an age-adjusted odds ratio (OR) varying between 2.5 (95% CI 1.1–5.6; p = 0.022) and 5.1 (95% CI 2.4–11.0; p < 0.001). The 4-year cumulative frequency of ICBs in PwP was 46.8% and 23.3% developed incident ICBs during the study period, but the presence of ICBs was non-persistent in nearly 30%. ICBs were independently associated with younger age (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.91–0.99: p = 0.008) and use of dopamine agonist (OR 4.1, 95% CI 1.56–10.69). Cognitive changes over time did not differ between patients with and without ICBs. In conclusion, ICBs are common in PwP, but are often non-persistent and not associated with greater cognitive impairment over time.
Variability of predictive markers (hormone receptors, Her2, Ki67) and intrinsic subtypes of breast cancer in four consecutive years 2015–2018
Authors: Stevanovic Lidija , Choschzick Matthias , Moskovszky Linda , Varga Zsuzsanna
Published: October 2019

Purpose

Accurate monitoring of predictive markers is of utmost importance as oncological treatment decisions almost entirely depend on these factors. In this study, we conducted a quality control assessment on hormone receptors, Her2 status, Ki67 Labelling Index (LI) and histological grading in breast cancer over 4 years (2015–2018).

Methods

Altogether 2214 consecutive breast cancer cases were included. Data on estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptors (PR), Her2 and Ki67, were available in all cases and were tested mostly on preoperative biopsies, in selected cases on postoperative surgical specimens. ER, PR, and Ki67 were assessed with immunohistochemistry (IHC), Her2 status with IHC and fluorescence in situ hybridization.

Results

ER/PR were positive in 74–79% cases, ER/PR/Her2 negative in 6.16–10.70% and Her2 positive in 11.49–13.88%/year. Ki67 had median values as 15–17.5% in ER/PR-positive cases, 55–60% in triple-negative cases and 30–32.50% in Her2-positive cases. Histological grading distribution for well (G1), moderately (G2) and poorly (G3) differentiated carcinomas was 15.8–19.1% for G1, 54.2–54.8% for G2 and 21.7–23.7% for G3 cases. Variation in yearly distributions was not significant in any of these markers.

Conclusions

Predictive markers displayed a yearly similar distribution in breast cancer cases independently of grading or of intrinsic subtypes. These results point to a qualitative high performance of predictive marker assessment in breast cancer, corresponding to expected on average positivity rate per marker and per year. It is recommended to monitor positivity rate of ER, PR, Ki67 and Her2 yearly or periodically to comply with quality assurance requirements.
ADHD symptoms across adolescence: the role of the family and school climate and the DRD4 and 5-HTTLPR genotype
Authors: Brinksma Djûke M. , Dietrich Andrea , de Bildt Annelies , Buitelaar Jan K. , van den Hoofdakker Barbara J. , Hoekstra Pieter J. , Hartman Catharina A.
Published: October 2019

We examined bidirectional relations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and family and school climate, and the possible role of DRD4 and/or 5-HTTLPR genotypes herein. Three-wave longitudinal data of 1860 adolescents (mean ages 11, 13.5, and 16 years) from the general population and clinic-referred cohort of TRacking Adolescents’ Individual Lives Survey were used. Using a multigroup Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model, we tested between-person (i.e., stable trait levels) and within-person (i.e., causal processes) associations across ADHD symptoms, family and school climate, and the extent to which these depended on genotype. Findings indicated no influence of genotype. Results did show significant between-person differences (ADHD symptoms with family climate r = .38; and school climate r = .23, p values < .001), indicating that higher stable levels of ADHD symptoms were associated with a less favorable family and school climate. Regarding within-person causal processes, ADHD symptoms predicted a less favorable family climate in early adolescence (β = .16, p < .01), while ADHD symptoms predicted a more favorable family climate in the later phase of adolescence (β = − .11, p < .01), a finding which we explain by normative developmental changes during adolescence. Overall, this study showed that negative associations between ADHD symptoms and both family and school climate are largely explained by stable between-person differences. We recommend applying the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Path Model to developmental data to tease stable associations and change processes apart.
The new idea for modification of the surface area of silicate glass
Authors: Drajewicz Marcin , Pytel Maciej , Dychtoń Kamil
Published: October 2019

The paper presents a new and original method of modifying the surface layer of silicate glass by applying a coating produced from zirconium oxide–yttria-stabilized powder using the LPPS plasma method (low-pressure plasma spraying). This is a new approach and not found in both scientific literature and known technological solutions. The results of the work indicate that it is possible to produce the coatings of yttrium-stabilized zirconium oxide (YSZ) on the glass substrate. These coatings were made using the LPPS PS-PVD method and consist of fine YSZ crystals with spheroidal morphology. This gradient coating (FGM) has a thickness controlled from LPPS of several dozen to hundreds of nanometers. It effectively modifies the properties of the glass by introducing favorable stresses on the surface and therefore increases its hardness and tensile strength. At the same time, thermal properties of the glass were determined, which allowed to determine the temperature of heating the glass substrate necessary for the proper implementation of the oxide coating production process on this substrate by the LPPS method. The glass parameters achieved in the work are very promising and comparable with the characteristics of the best glasses currently used in optoelectronics, especially in the displays of mobile phones and solar cells.
Duffing Up the Criminal Law?
Authors: Tomlin Patrick
Published: October 2019

R.A. Duff’s The Realm of the Criminal Law advances the literature on criminalization by providing the most thorough exploration and defence yet provided of the intuitively attractive idea that criminalization is properly limited to public wrongs only. I outline here six concerns I have with the view, as presented in this book, and suggest where the account needs further elaboration, defence, or rethinking.
Mechanical regulation of nucleocytoplasmic translocation in mesenchymal stem cells: characterization and methods for investigation
Authors: Boeri Lucia , Albani Diego , Raimondi Manuela Teresa , Jacchetti Emanuela
Published: October 2019

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have immune-modulatory and tissue-regenerative properties that make them a suitable and promising tool for cell-based therapy application. Since the bio-chemo-mechanical environment influences MSC fate and behavior, the understanding of the mechanosensors involved in the transduction of mechanical inputs into chemical signals could be pivotal. In this context, the nuclear pore complex is a molecular machinery that is believed to have a key role in force transmission and in nucleocytoplasmic shuttling regulation. To fully understand the nuclear pore complex role and the nucleocytoplasmic transport dynamics, recent advancements in fluorescence microscopy provided the possibility to study passive and facilitated nuclear transports also in mechanically stimulated cell culture conditions. Here, we review the current available methods for the investigation of nucleocytoplasmic shuttling, including photo-perturbation-based approaches, fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, and single-particle tracking techniques. For each method, we analyze the advantages, disadvantages, and technical limitations. Finally, we summarize the recent knowledge on mechanical regulation of nucleocytoplasmic translocation in MSC, the relevant progresses made so far, and the future perspectives in the field.
Pyrolysis of Plastics to Liquid Fuel Using Sulphated Zirconium Hydroxide Catalyst
Authors: Panda Achyut K. , Alotaibi Abdullah , Kozhevnikov Ivan V. , Shiju N. Raveendran
Published: October 2019

A world without plastics is unimaginable now and probably also in future. With the growing use of plastic, the problem of waste plastic disposal is also growing. Recycling the plastics is a promising option to avoid the serious environmental challenge caused by them. Among the various options for recycling, catalytic conversion of plastics to hydrocarbons is very attractive. Catalytic pyrolysis depolymerizes the plastics to an oil which can be used as a liquid fuel. This is a sustainable way to utilize the waste, simultaneously promising to meet the energy demand. We studied the use of sulphated zirconium hydroxide as a catalyst for the pyrolysis of different types of plastics such as polypropylene, low density polyethylene, high density polyethylene and a mixture of all three. The objective was to understand the effect of the catalyst and the temperature on the composition of the oil as well as to find an optimum condition for maximum oil yield. Various reaction conditions and their influence on the product distribution are studied. The catalyst is effective in enhancing the reaction rate, altering the product selectivity and narrowing the product distribution of the reaction. At optimum conditions, we obtained more than 79% yield of oil which contains mainly C10–C24 hydrocarbons. The fuel properties are suitable to be used as a fossil fuel substitute.

Graphic Abstract
Co-existence of CPAM with Megacystis Due to Posterior Urethral Valve and Cardiac Dysfunction in a Monozygotic Twin Pregnancy
Authors: Arora Veronica , Bijarnia-Mahay Sunita , Lall Meena , Verma Ishwar Chander
Published: October 2019

Congenital pulmonary airway malformation is a rare developmental anomaly of the lower respiratory tract. It is classified into three major types depending on the size and number of cysts. Though the type II CPAM is known to be associated with congenital malformations, co-existence with a lower urinary tract obstruction (LUTO) has not been documented. We describe a novel combination of CPAM with megacystis due to posterior urethral valves in one of the twins of a monozygotic twin pregnancy. Further, we discuss the cardiovascular effects of megacystis. This was previously considered to be due to pressure effect of megacystis on iliac veins and inferior vena cava. Recently activation of RAS system has been shown to predict the severity of cardiac disease. Further studies will clarify the precise etiology of cardiac dysfunction in LUTO and megacystis.
Qualitätsmanagementsysteme – eine Analyse von Diffusionsprozessen in verschiedene organisationale Felder der Weiterbildung
Authors: Reuter Martin , Martin Andreas , Koscheck Stefan
Published: October 2019

Qualitätsmanagementsysteme sind mittlerweile fester Bestandteil der Erwachsenenbildung. Die Etablierung dieser ursprünglich aus der Industrie stammenden Managementinstrumente kann als Diffusionsprozess beschrieben werden. Weitgehend ungeklärt ist bisher jedoch, inwiefern sich Organisationen dabei an ihrer organisationalen Feldzugehörigkeit orientierten, und welche Bedeutung bildungspolitische Interventionen in Form von gesetzlichen Vorgaben für die Gestaltung dieser Diffusionsprozesse besaßen. Im Sinne der Pluralität der Weiterbildung werden verschiedene Kontexte voneinander getrennt betrachtet. Theoretisch wird an den Neo-Institutionalismus angeschlossen. Auf Basis der Daten derwbmonitor-Umfrage 2017 wird eine Ereignisdatenanalyse durchgeführt. Diese ermöglicht es zu untersuchen, inwiefern das organisationale Feld und gesetzliche Vorgaben einen Einfluss auf die Implementierungswahrscheinlichkeit von Qualitätsmanagementsystemen besitzen. Im Ergebnis zeigen sich trotz eines ähnlichen Gesamtverlaufs bei der Implementierung auch Unterschiede zwischen den organisationalen Feldern (1 „VHS“, 2 „gemeinnützig/öffentlich“, 3 „Gemeinschaften“ und 4 „kommerziell privat“). Außerdem können deutliche Effekte der gesetzlichen Vorgaben belegt werden, wobei auch diese unterschiedlich in den Feldern wirken.
Numeralität als soziale Praxis – forschungstheoretische Einordnung und empirische Zugänge
Authors: Pabst Antje , Curdt Wiebke , Benz-Gydat Melanie , Schreiber-Barsch Silke , Zeuner Christine
Published: October 2019

Numeralität als Teil von Grundbildung wurde im deutschen Sprachraum bisher sowohl in der Wissenschafts- als auch in der Praxisdiskussion der Erwachsenenbildung nur peripher berücksichtigt. Ausgehend von diesem Befund, führt der Beitrag die einzelnen forschungstheoretischen und konzeptionellen Linien des Diskursraumes in einer Systematik zusammen. Zudem argumentiert der Beitrag für eine Erweiterung des Diskurses um den Ansatz einer subjektorientierten Grundbildung, der auf dem Konzept von Numeralität als soziale Praxis aufbaut. Erste Befunde aus zwei Forschungsprojekten zur Verschränkung von Numeralität mit Alter bzw. Behinderung können subjektive Begründungs- und Bedeutungszusammenhänge sowie die soziale Einbettung von Numeralität aufdecken.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of Ambroxol Hard-Boiled Lozenges in Patients with Acute Pharyngitis
Authors: Sousa Rita , Lakha Deepak R. , Brette Sandrine , Hitier Simon
Published: October 2019

Introduction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new hard-boiled lozenge formulation containing ambroxol 20 mg versus placebo for the relief of sore throat in patients with acute pharyngitis.

Methods

This was a phase 3, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group multicenter trial conducted between June and September 2018 in South Africa. Patients with a diagnosis of acute pharyngitis, onset ≤ 72 h, and sore throat pain of at least moderate intensity were randomized to receive either ambroxol 20 mg or placebo hard-boiled lozenges. The primary efficacy endpoint was the normalized time-weighted sum of pain intensity differences (SPID) from baseline over 3 h following administration of the first lozenge (SPIDnorm,0–3h). Secondary efficacy endpoints included SPID 24 h after the first lozenge intake (SPIDnorm,0–24h) and patient assessment of efficacy at 3 and 24 h after the first lozenge.

Results

Of 422 patients from 11 centers, 390 were randomized to one of the two treatment groups (n = 196, ambroxol; n = 194, placebo) and 388 were analyzed (modified intention-to-treat). The mean ± standard deviation SPIDnorm,0–3h values were −0.386 (0.259) and −0.366 (0.243) in the ambroxol and placebo groups, respectively, and the adjusted mean ± standard error SPIDnorm0–3h difference between ambroxol and placebo was −0.020 (0.025) (p = 0.443). Comparable results between treatment groups were also found for SPIDnorm,0–24h and patient assessment of efficacy at 3 and 24 h after the first lozenge. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar between treatment groups (11.7% for ambroxol versus 9.3% for placebo).

Conclusion

Although marked pain relief was observed over the first 3 h of treatment, superiority of ambroxol 20 mg hard-boiled lozenges versus placebo was not demonstrated in this study.

Trial Registration

NCT03583658.

Funding

Sanofi-Aventis Group.
Cyclin‐dependent kinase 7 inhibitor THZ1 in cancer therapy
Authors: Li Bin‐Bin , Wang Bo , Zhu Cheng‐Ming , Tang Di , Pang Jun , Zhao Jing , Sun Chun‐Hui , Qiu Miao‐Juan , Qian Zhi‐Rong
Published: October 2019

Current cancer therapies have encountered adverse response due to poor therapeutic efficiency, severe side effects and acquired resistance to multiple drugs. Thus, there are urgent needs for finding new cancer‐targeted pharmacological strategies. In this review, we summarized the current understanding with THZ1, a covalent inhibitor of cyclin‐dependent kinase 7 (CDK7), which demonstrated promising anti‐tumor activity against different cancer types. By introducing the anti‐tumor behaviors and the potential targets for different cancers, this review aims to provide more effective approaches to CDK7 inhibitor‐based therapeutic agents and deeper insight into the diverse tumor proliferation mechanisms.
Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965
Authors: Amann Diane Marie
Published: October 2019

Decolonization and its quite valid discontents lay at the center of this advisory opinion regarding the territory and populations of islands located in the Indian Ocean. Answering questions posed by the UN General Assembly, the International Court of Justice (ICJ or Court) concluded that because the Chagos Archipelago was detached from Mauritius as a condition of independence, the decolonization of Mauritius had not been completed in accordance with international law. The Court further ruled unlawful the United Kingdom's continued administration of the Chagos Archipelago and called upon all UN member states to aid completion of the decolonization process. Nearly unanimous—the sole dissenter on the merits was Judge Joan E. Donoghue of the United States—the advisory opinion contained significant pronouncements on decolonization, on the right of all peoples to self-determination, and on the formation of customary rules respecting both. It did so in a manner that implicated the ICJ's role as the judicial organ of the United Nations, in whose General Assembly and other political bodies the next episodes in the Chagos controversy seem destined to unfold.
Multiple importations and transmission of colistin-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniaein a hospital in northern India
Authors: Mathur Purva , Khurana Surbhi , de Man Tom J.B. , Rastogi Neha , Katoch Omika , Veeraraghavan Balaji , Neeravi Ayyan Raj , Venkatesan Manigandan , Kumar Subodh , Sagar Sushma , Gupta Amit , Aggarwal Richa , Soni Kapil Dev , Malhotra Rajesh , Velayudhan Anoop , Siromany Valan , Malpiedi Paul , Lutgring Joseph , Laserson Kayla , Gupta Neil , Srikantiah Padmini , Sharma Aditya
Published: October 2019

Objective:

Resistance to colistin, a last resort antibiotic, has emerged in India. We investigated colistin-resistantKlebsiella pneumoniae(ColR-KP) in a hospital in India to describe infections, characterize resistance of isolates, compare concordance of detection methods, and identify transmission events.

Design:

Retrospective observational study.

Methods:

Case-patients were defined as individuals from whom ColR-KP was isolated from a clinical specimen between January 2016 and October 2017. Isolates resistant to colistin by Vitek 2 were confirmed by broth microdilution (BMD). Isolates underwent colistin susceptibility testing by disk diffusion and whole-genome sequencing. Medical records were reviewed.

Results:

Of 846K. pneumoniaeisolates, 34 (4%) were colistin resistant. In total, 22 case-patients were identified. Most (90%) were male; their median age was 33 years. Half were transferred from another hospital; 45% died. Case-patients were admitted for a median of 14 days before detection of ColR-KP. Also, 7 case-patients (32%) received colistin before detection of ColR-KP. All isolates were resistant to carbapenems and susceptible to tigecycline. Isolates resistant to colistin by Vitek 2 were also resistant by BMD; 2 ColR-KP isolates were resistant by disk diffusion. Moreover, 8 multilocus sequence types were identified. Isolates were negative for mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes. Based on sequencing analysis, in-hospital transmission may have occurred with 8 case-patients (38%).

Conclusions:

Multiple infections caused by highly resistant,mcr-negative ColR-KP with substantial mortality were identified. Disk diffusion correlated poorly with Vitek 2 and BMD for detection of ColR-KP. Sequencing indicated multiple importation and in-hospital transmission events. Enhanced detection for ColR-KP may be warranted in India.
A STUDY OF IVORY AND BONE PLAQUES FROM ZIWIYE IN THE SANANDAJ MUSEUM
Authors: Amelirad Sheler
Published: October 2019

This article introduces a small group of ivories held in the Sanandaj Museum, which were discovered in 1997 during the seventh season of Nasratolah Motamedi's excavations at Ziwiye, northwest Iran. An investigation of the decorative, figurative, and stylistic characteristics of these pieces reveals a strong Neo-Assyrian influence, with close similarities to the palace reliefs of Ashurnasirpal II at Nimrud, as well as the influence of Assyrianizing Urartian art. These extensive cultural influences on Mannaean art can be seen in terms of political and economic relations with the two regions.
The role of wave kinematics in turbulent flow over waves
Authors: Åkervik Espen , Vartdal Magnus
Published: October 2019

The turbulent flow over monochromatic waves of moderate steepness is studied by means of wall resolved large eddy simulations. The simulations cover a range of wave ages and Reynolds numbers. At low wave ages the form drag is highly sensitive to Reynolds number changes, and the interaction between turbulent and wave-induced stresses increases with Reynolds number. At higher wave ages, the flow enters a quasi-laminar regime where wave-induced stresses are primarily balanced by viscous stresses, and the form drag displays a simple Reynolds number dependence. To exploit the quasi-laminar response to the wave kinematics, we split the flow field into a laminar wave-generated response and a turbulent shear flow. The former is driven by the non-homogeneous boundary conditions, whereas the latter is driven by the laminar solution as well as turbulent stresses. For high wave ages, the splitting enables approximate functional dependencies for the form drag to be formulated. In the low wave age regime, where the wave-induced stresses are tightly connected with higher harmonics in the turbulent stresses, the flow is more challenging to analyse. Nevertheless, the importance of higher harmonics in the turbulent stresses can be quantified by explicitly choosing which modes to include in the split-system forcing.
Drag forces on sparsely packed cube arrays
Authors: Yang X. I. A. , Xu H. H. A. , Huang X. L. D. , Ge M.-W.
Published: October 2019

Flow over aligned and staggered cube arrays is a classic model problem for rough-wall turbulent boundary layers. Earlier studies of this model problem mainly looked at rough surfaces with a moderate coverage density, i.e. $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{p}>O(3\,\%)$, where $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{p}$ is the surface coverage density and is defined to be the ratio between the area occupied by the roughness and the total ground area. At lower surface coverage densities, i.e. $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{p}<O(3\,\%)$, it is conventionally thought that cubical roughness acts like isolated roughness elements; and that the single-cube drag coefficient, i.e. $C_{d}\equiv f/(\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}U_{h}^{2}h^{2})$, equals $C_{R}$. Here, $f$ is the drag force on one cubical roughness element, $\unicode[STIX]{x1D70C}=\text{const.}$ is the fluid density, $h$ is the height of the cube, $U_{h}$ is the spatially and temporally averaged wind speed at the cube height, and $C_{R}$ is the drag coefficient of an isolated cube. In this work, we conduct large-eddy simulations and direct numerical simulations of flow over wall-mounted cubes with very low surface coverage densities, i.e. $0.08\,\%<\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{p}<4.4\,\%$. The large-eddy simulations are at nominally infinite Reynolds numbers. The results challenge the conventional thinking, and we show that, at very low surface coverage densities, the single-cube drag coefficient may increase as a function of $\unicode[STIX]{x1D706}_{p}$. Our analysis suggests that this behaviour may be attributed to secondary turbulent flows. Secondary turbulent flows are often found above spanwise-heterogeneous roughness. Although the roughness considered in this work is nominally homogeneous, the secondary flows in our simulations are very similar to those observed above spanwise-heterogeneous surface roughness. These secondary vortices redistribute the fluid momentum in the outer layer, leading to high-momentum pathways above the wall-mounted cubes and low-momentum pathways at the two sides of the wall-mounted cubes. As a result, the spatially and temporally averaged wind speed at the cube height, i.e. $U_{h}$, is an underestimate of the incoming flow to the cubes, which in turn leads to a large drag coefficient $C_{d}$.
Attitudes toward disabilities among students in college settings: A multidimensional scaling analysis with biplot
Authors: Tu Wei-Mo , Yan Min-Chi , Li Qiwei , Watts Justin
Published: October 2019

We investigated attitudes toward 10 specific groups of individuals with disabilities among students in college settings. These groups comprised major depression, substance use disorder (SUD), anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, learning disability, visual impairment, spinal cord injury, and cancer survivor. The multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis revealed a two-dimension space representing participants’ attitudes toward those disabilities. The MDS biplot further indicated higher levels of perceived dangerousness from the groups with SUD, major depression, anxiety disorder, and ASD. The hierarchical cluster analysis revealed that cluster A (SUD and major depression) was rated as having the highest level of social distance (i.e., negative attitudes). The implications for research and practice in rehabilitation counseling were discussed.
Color sound symbolism in natural languages
Authors: JOHANSSON NIKLAS , ANIKIN ANDREY , ASEYEV NIKOLAY
Published: October 2019

abstract

This paper investigates the underlying cognitive processes of sound–color associations by connecting perceptual evidence from research on cross-modal correspondences to sound symbolic patterns in the words for colors in natural languages. Building upon earlier perceptual experiments, we hypothesized that sonorous and bright phonemes would be over-represented in the words for bright and saturated colors. This hypothesis was tested on eleven color words and related concepts (red–green, yellow–blue, black–white, gray, night–day, dark–light) from 245 language families. Textual data was transcribed into the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA), and each phoneme was described acoustically using high-quality IPA recordings. These acoustic measurements were then correlated with the luminance and saturation of each color obtained from cross-linguistic color-naming data in the World Color Survey. As expected, vowels with high brightness and sonority ratings were over-represented in the words for colors with high luminance, while sonorous consonants were more common in the words for saturated colors. We discuss these results in relation to lexicalization patterns and the links between iconicity and perceptual cross-modal associations.
On spectral embedding performance and elucidating network structure in stochastic blockmodel graphs
Authors: Cape Joshua , Tang Minh , Priebe Carey E.
Published: October 2019

Statistical inference on graphs often proceeds via spectral methods involving low-dimensional embeddings of matrix-valued graph representations such as the graph Laplacian or adjacency matrix. In this paper, we analyze the asymptotic information-theoretic relative performance of Laplacian spectral embedding and adjacency spectral embedding for block assignment recovery in stochastic blockmodel graphs by way of Chernoff information. We investigate the relationship between spectral embedding performance and underlying network structure (e.g., homogeneity, affinity, core-periphery, and (un)balancedness) via a comprehensive treatment of the two-block stochastic blockmodel and the class ofK-blockmodels exhibiting homogeneous balanced affinity structure. Our findings support the claim that, for a particular notion of sparsity, loosely speaking, “Laplacian spectral embedding favors relatively sparse graphs, whereas adjacency spectral embedding favors not-too-sparse graphs.” We also provide evidence in support of the claim that “adjacency spectral embedding favors core-periphery network structure.”
An investigation of the relationship between psychopathy and greater gray matter density in lateral prefrontal cortex
Authors: Lasko Emily N. , Chester David S. , Martelli Alexandra M. , West Samuel J. , DeWall C. Nathan
Published: October 2019

Psychopathic traits predispose individuals toward antisocial behavior. Such antagonistic acts often result in “unsuccessful” outcomes such as incarceration. What mechanisms allow some people with relatively high levels of psychopathic traits to live “successful”, unincarcerated lives, in spite of their antisocial tendencies? Using neuroimaging, we investigated the possibility that “successful” psychopathic individuals exhibited greater development of neural structures that promote “successful” self-regulation, focusing on the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC). Across two structural magnetic resonance imaging studies of “successful” participants (Study 1:N= 80 individuals in long-term romantic relationships; Study 2:N= 64 undergraduates), we observed that gray matter density in the left and right VLPFC was positively associated with psychopathic traits. These preliminary results support a compensatory model of psychopathy, in which “successful” psychopathic individuals develop inhibitory mechanisms to compensate for their antisocial tendencies. Traditional models of psychopathy that emphasize deficits may be aided by such compensatory models that identify surfeits in neural and psychological processes.
Irish Iron Age Settlement and Society: Reframing Royal Sites
Authors: Becker Katharina
Published: October 2019

This paper attempts to resituate the Irish so-called ‘Royal’ sites within our vision of the Iron Age by challenging current understanding of their function as primarily situated in a ceremonial or ritual realm. While the evidence from these sites speaks to the complexity of their function, conceptualisation, and symbolic relevance, it is argued here that they are integral focal points of settled landscapes. Their architecture is suggested to address very specific concerns of the agrarian communities that built them and, in its very distinct change over the course of the Iron Age, to reflect broader societal developments, namely the emergence and decline of new society formations. Artefacts and ecofacts, architecture and landscape context of these sites contain a wealth of information on the activities that were taking place on and near them. It is argued that, freed from a binary ritual/profane interpretational framework, this evidence becomes readable as a record of Iron Age society and its dramatic changes over time.
Craft Theory in Prehistory: Case Studies from the Mesolithic of Britain and Ireland
Authors: Elliott Ben
Published: October 2019

This paper reflects critically on the use of the term ‘craft’ within prehistoric archaeology and its recent rise to prominence within a variety of analytical contexts. Having briefly evaluated the way in which prehistorians employ craft, it moves on to consider the potential value that Craft Theory, a growing interdisciplinary body of literature relating to practices of making, might hold for thinking about prehistoric material culture within an archaeological context. Three case studies originating from Mesolithic Britain and Ireland are used as a vehicle to explore some of this potential in practice, before a broader discussion reflects on these initial efforts and sketches out other areas of interest for future research. The picture which emerges from this discussion is one of promise, within which prehistorians simultaneously draw from, and contribute towards, the ongoing interdisciplinary debates on craft in contemporary society.
(Sub)lexical changes in iconic signs to realign with community sensibilities and experiences
Authors: Mirus Gene , Fisher Jami , Napoli Donna Jo
Published: October 2019

Sign language lexicons include iconic items, where phonological form is somewhat representative of sense. As experiences of individuals change, the mapping from form to meaning may become inappropriate (as when technological or environmental changes occur) or may be considered incongruous with perceptions of reality (as when culture shifts). Many misalignments of form and sense are tolerated, with the result that a sign's original iconicity is lost. Other misalignments are obliterated; signers make sublexical changes or entire lexical substitutions. We call these (sub)lexical changes ‘corrections’. We argue that misalignments that are regrettable are more likely to be corrected, where regrettable misalignments are those that are not true to realities/experiences of profound importance to deaf individuals.

While the focus here is on American Sign Language, corrections should be apparent in any sign language and might occur in those spoken languages with a high frequency of nonarbitrary relationships between form and sense. (Sign language, variation, taboo terms, euphemism, iconicity, identity)*
IT WAS PERSONAL: POLITICS AND MILITARY PROMOTIONS IN THE SECOND SPANISH REPUBLIC (1931–1936)
Authors: La Parra-Pérez Álvaro
Published: October 2019

One key step in the process of development is the transition from the personalistic rules and privileges that characterise developing societies to open access orders and rational–legal bureaucracies sustaining impersonal rules. This article uses a micro-data set of Spanish officers to study the politicisation of the army during the Second Republic (1931–1939) taking Franco's Africanist faction as the case study. The military reforms during 1931–1933 increased the impersonality of rules determining the promotion of officers, but executive discretionary powers persisted. The results suggest that changes in the government affected the dynamics of the army. Under conservative governments (1934–1935), Africanists were promoted more rapidly. Centre-left governments during the period of 1931–1933 did not systematically promote Africanists differently, but the revision of promotions in 1933 slowed their careers. The politicisation of the army was one of the factors contributing to the military coup that started the Spanish Civil War.
Ensemble of surrogates and cross-validation for rapid and accurate predictions using small data sets
Authors: Alizadeh Reza , Jia Liangyue , Nellippallil Anand Balu , Wang Guoxin , Hao Jia , Allen Janet K. , Mistree Farrokh
Published: October 2019

In engineering design, surrogate models are often used instead of costly computer simulations. Typically, a single surrogate model is selected based on the previous experience. We observe, based on an analysis of the published literature, that fitting an ensemble of surrogates (EoS) based on cross-validation errors is more accurate but requires more computational time. In this paper, we propose a method to build an EoS that is both accurate and less computationally expensive. In the proposed method, the EoS is a weighted average surrogate of response surface models, kriging, and radial basis functions based on overall cross-validation error. We demonstrate that created EoS is accurate than individual surrogates even when fewer data points are used, so computationally efficient with relatively insensitive predictions. We demonstrate the use of an EoS using hot rod rolling as an example. Finally, we include a rule-based template which can be used for other problems with similar requirements, for example, the computational time, required accuracy, and the size of the data.
Satisficing Consequentialism Still Doesn't Satisfy
Authors: Slater Joe
Published: October 2019

Satisficing consequentialism is an unpopular theory. Because it permits gratuitous sub-optimal behaviour, it strikes many as wildly implausible. It has been widely rejected as a tenable moral theory for more than twenty years. In this article, I rehearse the arguments behind this unpopularity, before examining an attempt to redeem satisficing. Richard Yetter Chappell has recently defended a form of ‘effort satisficing consequentialism’. By incorporating an ‘effort ceiling’ – a limit on the amount of willpower a situation requires – and requiring that agents produce at least as much good as they could given how much effort they are exerting, Chappell avoids the obvious objections. However, I demonstrate that the revised theory is susceptible to a different objection, and that the resulting view requires that any supererogatory behaviour must be efficient, which fails to match typical moral verdicts.
FKN theorem for the multislice, with applications
Authors: Filmus Yuval
Published: October 2019

The Friedgut–Kalai–Naor (FKN) theorem states that if ƒ is a Boolean function on the Boolean cube which is close to degree one, then ƒ is close to a dictator, a function depending on a single coordinate. The author has extended the theorem to the slice, the subset of the Boolean cube consisting of all vectors with fixed Hamming weight. We extend the theorem further, to the multislice, a multicoloured version of the slice.

As an application, we prove a stability version of the edge-isoperimetric inequality for settings of parameters in which the optimal set is a dictator.