bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platelet-Rich Plasma for Patellar Tendinopathy: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Leukocyte-Rich PRP or Leukocyte-Poor PRP Versus Saline
Authors: Scott Alex , LaPrade Robert F. , Harmon Kimberly G. , Filardo Giuseppe , Kon Elizaveta , Della Villa Stefano , Bahr Roald , Moksnes Havard , Torgalsen Thomas , Lee Jenny , Dragoo Jason L. , Engebretsen Lars
Published: April 2019

Background:

A small number of randomized controlled trials have found ultrasound-guided injection of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to be no more effective than saline for several tendinopathies; limited information exists for patellar tendinopathy. In addition, different PRP formulations that produce varying concentrations of leukocytes have not been directly compared for patellar tendinopathy.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

To determine if a single ultrasound-guided PRP injection, either leukocyte-rich PRP (LR-PRP) or leukocyte-poor PRP (LP-PRP), was superior to saline injection for the treatment of patellar tendinopathy. The null hypothesis was that no treatment would be superior to another for the treatment of patellar tendinopathy.

Study Design:

Randomized controlled trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

Athletes with patellar tendinopathy for ≥6 months (Blazina stage IIIB) were assessed for eligibility in a multisite single-blind controlled trial. There were 3 injection arms: LR-PRP, LP-PRP, and saline. Patients received a single ultrasound-guided injection, followed by 6 weeks of supervised rehabilitation (heavy slow resistance training, concentric and eccentric, 3 times per week). Outcome measures—Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment (patellar; VISA-P), pain during activity, and global rating of change—were assessed at 6 and 12 weeks and 6 and 12 months. VISA-P score at 12 weeks was the primary outcome. Fifty-seven patients (19 in each group) were included in an intention-to-treat analysis. Secondary outcome measures included pain during activity and patients’ global rating of change.

Results:

Study retention was 93% at 12 weeks and 79% after 1 year. There was no significant difference in mean change in VISA-P score, pain, or global rating of change among the 3 treatment groups at 12 weeks or any other time point. After 1 year, the mean (SD) outcomes for the LR-PRP, LP-PRP, and saline groups were as follows, respectively: VISA-P—58 (29), 71 (20), and 80 (18); pain—4.0 (2.4), 2.4 (2.3), and 2.0 (1.9); global rating of change—4.7 (1.6), 5.6 (1.0), and 5.7 (1.2) ( P > .05 for all outcomes).

Conclusion:

Combined with an exercise-based rehabilitation program, a single injection of LR-PRP or LP-PRP was no more effective than saline for the improvement of patellar tendinopathy symptoms.

Registration:

NCT02116946 (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier).
Generating Reliable Feedback About Students’ Performances Within an Automated Reading Tutor
Authors: Sheehan Kathleen M. , Napolitano Diane
Published: April 2019

Personalized learning technologies such as automated reading tutors have been proposed as a way to help struggling readers acquire needed skills while simultaneously encouraging engaged, sustained reading of entire books. This article investigates a key step in the development of such technologies: translating an entire novel into a sequence of nonoverlapping reading passages, so that valid feedback about students’ performances can be generated at the end of each tutoring session. A critical reliability issue that may be introduced at this step is identified, an approach for addressing that issue is proposed, and an evaluation conducted with respect to three popular middle-grade novels is presented. The findings suggest that our new approach provides more reliable evidence about students’ abilities and thus may be more appropriate for use when building automated reading tutors.
Persuasion vocale : les effets des caractéristiques vocales et du genre de l’orateur sur les réponses du consommateur
Authors: Zoghaib Alice
Published: April 2019

Les voix sont présentes dans la plupart des communications. Pourtant, la littérature sur la persuasion vocale est étonnamment limitée et fragmentée, se concentrant sur certaines caractéristiques vocales (e.g., la hauteur – grave vs. aigu) et certains contextes, donnant lieu à des résultats mitigés. Cette recherche tente d’intégrer les différents construits et mécanismes impliqués dans la persuasion vocale grâce à la fertilisation croisée des disciplines ayant étudié la voix (psychoacoustique, psychologie cognitive, anthropologie, psycho-sociologie, marketing et politique). A l’aide d’un logiciel d’acoustique, l’étude 1 manipule les caractéristiques vocales clés (i.e., hauteur, brillance, et rugosité) et le genre de l’orateur d’une annonce radio pour une catégorie de produit neutre et non genré. L’étude 2 explore une condition limite potentielle des effets de la voix, la présence d’attentes envers l’orateur spécifiques au contexte (i.e., liées au genre et au niveau de compétence), en manipulant la voix d’un candidat politique. Les effets des caractéristiques vocales sont cohérents dans les deux contextes : les orateurs avec des voix graves (vs. aigües), mates (vs. brillantes), et lisses (vs. rugueuses) sont les plus efficaces. Les orateurs avec des voix aigües, mates, et lisses sont perçus comme plus compétents. Enfin, le genre de l’orateur joue un rôle persuasif secondaire ; le genre de l’auditeur ne joue de rôle qu’en l’absence d’attentes envers l’orateur. Les implications pour la recherche sur la persuasion de la voix et de la source en général, ainsi que pour le casting et le coaching vocal sont discutées.
A comparison of accelerometer and piezofilm-based force balances for hypersonic shock tunnels
Authors: Nanda Soumya Ranjan , Kulkarni Vinayak , Sahoo Niranjan , Menezes Viren
Published: April 2019

A blunt double-cone model, equipped with a three-component accelerometer or piezofilm-based force balance system, is tested in the IITB-Shock Tunnel at 0 º and 10 º angle of inclinations during force measurement experiments. Conventional accelerometer force balance theory and soft computing-based adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system have been adopted to recover the axial and normal forces. In order to arrive at the time varying forces, these balances are calibrated using impulse hammer tests at single or multiple points. Necessity of multipoint calibration has also been demonstrated during recovery of forces for both the balances. Genetic algorithm in conjunction with adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system has been implemented herein to train the system for force prediction. Encouraging agreement has been noted between the predictions made using accelerometer force balance theory and adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system-based recovery of forces from accelerometer and piezofilm balances. Thus, present studies not only provide the methodology for calibration and implementation of piezofilm based force measurement, but also recommend its usage in short duration impulse facilities.
Secondary Pathology of the Thalamus after Focal Cortical Stroke in Rats is not Associated with Thermal or Mechanical Hypersensitivity and is Not Alleviated by Intra-Thalamic Post-Stroke Delivery of Recombinant CDNF or MANF
Authors: Anttila Jenni E. , Pöyhönen Suvi , Airavaara Mikko
Published: April 2019

A stroke affecting the somatosensory pathway can trigger central post-stroke pain syndrome (CPSP). The symptoms often include hyperalgesia, which has also been described in rodents after the direct damage of the thalamus. Previous studies have shown that hemorrhagic stroke or ischemia caused by vasoconstriction in the thalamus induces increased pain sensitivity. We investigated whether inducing secondary damage in the thalamus by a cortical stroke causes similar pain hypersensitivity as has previously been reported with direct ischemic injury. We induced a focal cortical ischemia-reperfusion injury in male rats, quantified the amount of secondary neurodegeneration in the thalamus, and measured whether the thalamic neurodegeneration is associated with thermal or mechanical hypersensitivity. After one month, we observed extensive neuronal degeneration and found approximately 40% decrease in the number of NeuN+ cells in the ipsilateral thalamus. At the same time, there was a massive accumulation—a 30-fold increase—of phagocytic cells in the ipsilateral thalamus. However, despite the evident damage in the thalamus, we did not observe thermal or mechanical sensitization. Thus, thalamic neurodegeneration after cortical ischemia-reperfusion does not induce CPSP-like symptoms in rats, and these results suggest that direct ischemic damage is needed for CPSP induction. Despite not observing hyperalgesia, we investigated whether administration of cerebral dopamine neurotrophic factor (CDNF) and mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) into the ipsilateral thalamus would reduce the secondary damage. We gave a single injection (10 µg) of recombinant CDNF or MANF protein into the thalamus at 7 days post-stroke. Both CDNF and MANF treatment promoted the functional recovery but had no effect on the neuronal loss or the amount of phagocytic cells in the thalamus.
A Critical Appraisal of the Dark-Triad Literature and Suggestions for Moving Forward
Authors: Miller Joshua D. , Vize Colin , Crowe Michael L. , Lynam Donald R.
Published: April 2019

Since its introduction in 2002, dark-triad research—the simultaneous study of psychopathy, narcissism, and Machiavellianism—has exploded, with the publication of hundreds of peer-reviewed articles, books, and chapters, as well as coverage by the lay media. Unfortunately, several limitations to this research are unrecognized or ignored. These limitations include (a) the treatment of dark-triad constructs as unidimensional, contrary to evidence for their multidimensionality; (b) the indistinctness between current measures of Machiavellianism and psychopathy; (c) the use of multivariate statistical approaches that pose statistical and interpretive difficulties; (d) failure to test dark-triad relations directly against one another; and (e) methodological concerns related to convenience sampling and reliance on mono-method approaches. We discuss these problems in detail and describe solutions that can result in a more robust, replicable, and meaningful literature moving forward.
Why People Trust: Solved Puzzles and Open Mysteries
Authors: Dunning David , Fetchenhauer Detlef , Schlösser Thomas
Published: April 2019

Interpersonal trust is essential for a productive and rewarding social life, yet it presents many theoretical puzzles, particularly among strangers, because its existence violates the rational-actor model. Here, we focus on two mysteries. One is cognitive, focusing on why people cynically underestimate how trustworthy their peers are. The second is behavioral, focusing on why so many people trust others, including complete strangers, given their social cynicism and aversion to taking risks. Regarding the behavioral mystery, we adopt a normative approach, proposing that people trust at unexpectedly high rates because they feel a social obligation to do so. This approach implies that trust may be more about the behavior itself than about downstream consequences, that people are not “giving” so much as “giving in” to social pressures, and that their choices may have more to do with emotion than calculation.
‘Y’all don’t wanna hear me, you just wanna dance’: A cognitive approach to listener attention in OutKast’s ‘Hey Ya!’
Authors: Voice Matthew , Whiteley Sara
Published: April 2019

In his article on ‘musical stylistics’, Morini demonstrates (with reference to a song by Kate Bush) that lyrical and musical content can work in harmony to produce consonant meanings and stylistic effects. Our article develops Morini’s musical-stylistic approach by employing cognitive theories to track how music and lyrics can work together in a different way. ‘Hey Ya!’ by OutKast (2003) employs a knowing dissonance between the song’s lyrical content and its rhythm and key, the reconciliation of which leads to a drastic and surprising re-reading of the song’s meaning, often documented in online articles and listener discussions. Combining a cognitive poetic approach with theories of ‘habituation’ and ‘fluency’ in music psychology, our analysis centres around the shifting position of the song’s lyrics within the Figure and Ground of the composition, in order to account for listener (in)attentiveness. This leads to a consideration of the attentiveness of readers to lyrical content in music more generally, and its implications for stylistic analysis of the genre.
Book review: Harsh Mander, Ashwin Parulkar and Ankita Aggarwal (Eds.), The Right to Food Debates: Social Protection for Food Security in India
Authors: Thampi Anjana
Published: April 2019

Harsh Mander, Ashwin Parulkar and Ankita Aggarwal (Eds.), The Right to Food Debates: Social Protection for Food Security in India. Hyderabad: Orient BlackSwan, 2018, xiii + 455 pp., ₹1250 (hardback). ISBN: 978-93-5287-284-8.
Book review: International Labour Organisation, India Wage Report: Wage Policies for Decent Work and Inclusive Growth
Authors: Anand Ishan
Published: April 2019

International Labour Organisation, India Wage Report: Wage Policies for Decent Work and Inclusive Growth. New Delhi: International Labour Organisation, 2018, 140 pp. ISBN: 9789220311547 (web pdf).
The Lead–Lag Relationship Between Futures and Spot Price—A Case of the Oil and Oilseed Contracts Traded on Indian Exchange
Authors: Joarder Suranjana , Mukherjee Diganta
Published: April 2019

In India, government intervention in the agricultural derivatives market has not allowed the market to grow and become an important tool of risk management. It has always been argued that the farmers and consumers of crops in India primarily operate in the spot market, and their expectations about the future market conditions are likely to be reflected in the spot price movements. If the farmers and consumers of the crops do not participate in the derivatives market, it is not expected to work as an efficient tool of information dissemination on the underlying commodity. We analysed the role played by the futures market in the price discovery process in this article. To test whether the futures or spot market in India plays a dominant role in information dissemination, we have done a regression analysis considering the lagged futures and spot price volatility as explanatory variables. We consider the major oil and oilseed contracts traded on National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange. As the uses of many of the oilseeds are related, we have tried to analyse the interlinkages among the market for different commodities. Our results clearly show that information on relevant futures market volatilities help significantly to assess the volatility in the spot markets. This linkage can be leveraged to manage the spot market risks better.

JEL: G10, G13, G14
Where and How Centenarians Die? The Role of Hospice Care
Authors: Chen Yang-Ching , Hu Hsiao-Yun , Fan Hsien-Yu , Kao Wei-Shih , Chen Hsiang-Yin , Huang Sheng-Jean
Published: April 2019

The effect of hospice care on place of death among centenarians remained unexplored. Using data obtained from National Health Insurance Research Database (2002-2010), we compared the differences in place and cause of death between centenarians and noncentenarians. These data were stratified into centenarian (n = 2495) and noncentenarian (n = 820 563) death. Data in place and cause of death and hospice care interventions were retrieved. Poisson regression models were used to evaluate factors associated with the centenarians’ place of death. Time series models were used to predict the number of centenarian deaths until 2025. Most (63.8%) of the centenarians died at their own homes, followed by 30.5% who died in hospital. Hospice home care was involved in only 0.3% of the centenarian deaths but in 1.8% of the noncentenarian deaths. The leading causes of death among centenarians were respiratory diseases (16.6%), circulatory diseases (15.2%), and pneumonia (14.8%). Among the centenarians, those who died of circulatory disease, old age, and respiratory diseases were more likely to die at their own homes. We forecasted the number of annual centenarian deaths to reach 800 in 2025. Therefore, an increase in the provision of advanced care planning and earlier home hospice care intervention may enable centenarians to die at their own residence.
Quality of Life Among Dutch Children With a Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate: A Follow-Up Study
Authors: Nolte Fleur M. , Bos Annemieke , Prahl Charlotte
Published: April 2019

Objectives:

The aims of the present study were to examine the impact of a cleft lip and/or palate on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in children, to examine differences between the OHRQoL scores reported by children and their parents, and to examine differences between the scores over 4 years for a subgroup of children.

Design:

Prospective blinded questionnaires.

Setting:

All patients were recruited from a university clinic at Academisch Centrum Tandheelkunde Amsterdam.

Participants:

The sample consisted of 170 children (age between 8 and 18 years) and their parents.

Interventions:

All participants completed the validated Dutch version of the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) questionnaire.

Main Outcome Measures:

The OHRQoL of children with a cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) was measured.

Results:

Parents scored significantly higher than children on the subscale “Oral Symptoms.” On the subscale “Functional Well-Being,” parents scored significantly lower than children. Females scored significantly higher with regard to the subscales “Functional Well-Being” and “School” in comparison to males. Children with a bilateral CL/P scored significantly lower on the subscale “Functional Well-Being” and “School” than other subgroups. Children reported a decrease in “Oral Symptoms” and “Emotional Well-Being” over time.

Conclusions:

Children and their parents both reported high OHRQoL overall with some areas of difference. Females reported a better OHRQoL on “Functional Well-Being” and “School.” Children with the more complex bilateral CL/P had a significantly lower OHRQoL score on “Functional Well-Being,” “School,” and overall COHIP.
Therapeutic Practices for Sexually Abused Children and Adolescents: Resources for Marriage, Family, and Couples’ Counselors
Authors: Devlin James M. , Hill Lisa , Berry Jordan , Felder Kerri , Wilson Clara
Published: April 2019

Marriage, family, and couple counselors should be educated in various treatment options for sexually abused adolescents, due to the frequency, and severity of this form of abuse. The long-term effects of sexual abuse can be devastating for victims. Posttraumatic stress disorder, anxiety, and depression are potential issues resulting from sexual abuse. The present review analyzes three different therapeutic approaches family counselors may use for working with sexually abused children and adolescents. These approaches include trauma-focused-cognitive behavioral therapy, play therapy and expressive art therapy, eye movement and desensitization, and reprocessing therapy. Implications for family, marriage, and couples’ counselors are provided recommendations as well for future research.
Preclinical Evaluation of Safety and Biodistribution of Red Cell Microparticles: A Novel Hemostatic Agent
Authors: Rehni Ashish K. , Shukla Vibha , Navarro Quero Hever , Bidot Carlos , Haase Conner R. , Crane Ensign Anise A. , Patel Shivam G. , Koch Sebastian , Ahn Yeon S. , Jy Wenche , Dave Kunjan R.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Uncontrollable bleeding is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Effective hemostatic agents are urgently needed. Red cell microparticles (RMPs) are a highly promising hemostatic agent. This study evaluated the safety profile of RMPs preliminary to clinical trial.

Methods and Results:

RMPs were prepared from type O+ human red blood cell by high-pressure extrusion. Male rats were treated with RMPs either a 1 × bolus, or 4 × or 20 × administered over 60 minutes. The vehicle-treated group was used as a control. Effects on physiological parameters were evaluated; namely, blood pressure, body and head temperature, hematocrit, and blood gases. We did not observe any adverse effects of RMPs on these physiological parameters. In addition, brain, heart, and lungs of rats treated with 4 × dose (bolus followed by infusion over 60 minutes) or vehicle were examined histologically for signs of thrombosis or other indications of toxicity. No thrombosis or indications of toxicity in brain, heart, or lungs were observed. Studies revealed that RMPs were distributed mainly in liver, spleen, and lymph nodes, and were potentially excreted through the kidneys.

Conclusions:

Our study indicates that RMP administration appears not to have any negative impact on the parameters studied and did not produce thrombosis in heart, brain, and lungs. However, more detailed long-term studies confirming the safety of RMP as a hemostatic agent are warranted.
A Review of Humoral Factors in Remote Preconditioning of the Heart
Authors: Tsibulnikov Sergey Y. , Maslov Leonid N. , Gorbunov Alexander S. , Voronkov Nikita S. , Boshchenko Alla A. , Popov Sergey V. , Prokudina Ekaterina S. , Singh Nirmal , Downey James M.
Published: April 2019

A humoral mechanism of cardioprotection by remote ischemic preconditioning (RIP) has been clearly demonstrated in various models of ischemia–reperfusion including upper and lower extremities, liver, and the mesenteric and renal arteries. A wide range of humoral factors for RIP have been proposed including hydrophobic peptides, opioid peptides, adenosine, prostanoids, endovanilloids, endocannabinoids, calcitonin gene-related peptide, leukotrienes, noradrenaline, adrenomedullin, erythropoietin, apolipoprotein, A-I glucagon-like peptide-1, interleukin 10, stromal cell-derived factor 1, and microRNAs. Virtually, all of the components of ischemic preconditioning’s signaling pathway such as nitric oxide synthase, protein kinase C, redox signaling, PI3-kinase/Akt, glycogen synthase kinase β, ERK1/2, mitoKATPchannels, Connexin 43, and STAT were all found to play a role. The signaling pattern also depends on which remote vascular bed was subjected to ischemia and on the time between applying the rip and myocardial ischemia occurs. Because there is convincing evidence for many seemingly diverse humoral components in RIP, the most likely explanation is that the overall mechanism is complex like that seen in ischemic preconditioning where multiple components are both in series and in parallel and interact with each other. Inhibition of any single component in the right circumstance may block the resulting protective effect, and selectively activating that component may trigger the protection. Identifying the humoral factors responsible for RIP might be useful in developing drugs that confer RIP’s protection in a more comfortable and reliable manner.
Prescription Patterns and Outcomes of Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Treated With Direct Oral Anticoagulants and Warfarin: A Real-World Analysis
Authors: Kattoor Ajoe John , Pothineni Naga Venkata , Goel Akshay , Syed Mahanazuddin , Syed Shorabuddin , Paydak Hakan , Mehta Jawahar L.
Published: April 2019

Background:

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have been found to be similar or superior to warfarin in reducing ischemic stroke and intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). We sought to examine the anticoagulation prescription patterns in community since the advent of DOACs and also evaluate the outcomes in terms of gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, ischemic stroke, and ICH in real-world patients with AF receiving anticoagulation.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study comprising patients who were newly diagnosed with nonvalvular AF and were prescribed anticoagulants for stroke prevention. Prescription pattern of the anticoagulants based on CHA2DS2Vasc score was studied. Clinical outcomes of GI bleeding, ischemic stroke, and ICH were analyzed using a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results:

Of the 2362 patients with AF on anticoagulation, 44.7% were prescribed DOACs. Patients with CHA2DS2VASc score of ≥3 received a prescription for warfarin more often than DOACs ( P < .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the incidence of GI bleed (odds ratio [OR]: 0.91, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.62-1.35, P = .66) and stroke (OR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.57-1.05, P = .10) was similar between warfarin and DOAC users. However, there was a trend toward lower ICH in the DOAC group (OR: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.36-1.01, P = .06).

Conclusions:

Prescription rate of DOACs for nonvalvular AF has increased significantly, with apixaban being the most commonly used agent. Patients with higher CHA2DS2-VASc score (≥3) are prescribed DOACs less often than warfarin. The reason for this discrepancy is unclear. Given the favorable risk–benefit profile of DOACs, further studies are needed to identify factors that determine anticoagulant selection in patients with AF with high thromboembolic risk.
Alemtuzumab Induction Versus Conventional Immunosuppression in Heart Transplant Recipients
Authors: Gale Stormi E. , Ravichandran Bharath , Ton Van-Khue , Pham Si , Reed Brent N.
Published: April 2019

The use of alemtuzumab for induction therapy in orthotopic heart transplantation remains controversial, despite its observed benefits in other transplant populations. This study aimed to evaluate whether alemtuzumab conferred a lower risk of rejection while reducing toxicities commonly attributed to standard immunosuppression in orthotopic heart transplantation. We included adult patients who underwent orthotopic heart transplantation and received induction therapy with alemtuzumab (n = 26) or standard immunosuppression (n = 26). The primary end point was freedom from grade ≥2 rejection at 12 months. Baseline characteristics were similar between the groups with the exception of poorer renal function in the alemtuzumab group ( P < .05). The primary end point of freedom from grade ≥2 rejection at 12 months was not different between alemtuzumab and standard therapy (76.9% vs 96.2%, P = .077), likely due to similarities in the rates of antibody-mediated rejection in the 2 groups. However, grade ≥2 acute cellular rejection was considerably lower with alemtuzumab (0% vs 19.2%, P = .02), as was acute cellular rejection of any severity (50% vs 7.7%, P = .004). Deterioration in renal function was significantly greater among patients receiving standard therapy as evidenced by decreases in glomerular filtration rate (−25.6 vs −9.2 mL/min, P = .032). No differences in hematologic or infectious complications were observed. In conclusion, alemtuzumab reduced several important rejection-related outcomes while ameliorating the toxicities associated with standard immunosuppression therapy, making it a promising agent for induction in orthotopic heart transplantation.
The Development and Construct Validity of a Team Processes Survey Measure
Authors: Mathieu John E. , Luciano Margaret M. , D’Innocenzo Lauren , Klock Elizabeth A. , LePine Jeffery A.
Published: April 2019

Marks, Mathieu, and Zaccaro (2001) advanced a theory and framework of team processes that has garnered much attention and guided numerous investigations. They proposed that 10 first-order constructs (e.g., strategy formulation, coordination, conflict management) would map to three second-order constructs (i.e., transition, action, and interpersonal). Despite the popularity of this framework, we are unaware of any validated multiitem measures of the team processes they identified. Accordingly, we develop and demonstrate content and construct validity of 50-, 30-, and 10-item versions of a survey measure of team processes. Using data from over 700 teams, we test Marks et al.’s higher-order model and find results that are largely consistent with both their 10 first-order dimensions and the 10:3 second-order framework. Using samples of global virtual knowledge teams and health care employees, we provide evidence of the discriminant validity of our team process measure versus a measure of team empowerment. We provide recommendations for the use of these measures in future research and practice and encourage their use as part of a portfolio of measures of team processes.
A Practice Matrix for Involving Young People in Evaluation: Possibilities and Considerations
Authors: Richards-Schuster Katie , Plachta Elliott Sara
Published: April 2019

Youth participatory evaluation (YPE) engages young people in the evaluation process. Over the last 20 years, the field has emerged, but more work is needed as evaluators explore the potential for youth participation within their own evaluation practices. This article describes a practice-oriented matrix for visualizing and conceptualizing the role of young people in evaluation. In this article, we describe the matrix, provide examples from practice to illustrate its potential, and raise considerations for the field, including the role of adults in YPE, and the benefits and limitations for youth and for the evaluation process. We conclude with potential future directions of YPE for the field.
It’s all relative: Increasing organ donor registration intentions by maximizing family-relevant vested interest
Authors: Siegel Jason T , Blazek Danielle R , McManus Maria D , Alvaro Eusebio M , Crano William D
Published: April 2019

Guided by vested interest theory, the impact of educating potential organ donors about the beneficial experiences afforded to families of deceased donors was assessed. Participants were informed about these benefits by taking a survey that asked them to indicate both their awareness, and the appeal, of numerous existing benefits (e.g. grief services). We employed a double-sided mixed design. Both the true experimental design and the quasi-experimental repeated assessment indicated increased registration intentions. Only the quasi-experimental design indicated significant attitude change. This study provides evidence supporting the potential utility of focusing interventions on the benefits afforded to donor families.
Perceived cancer-related benefits of quitting smoking and associations with quit intentions among recently diagnosed cancer patients
Authors: Hall Daniel L , Neil Jordan M , Ostroff Jamie S , Hawari Saif , O’Cleirigh Conall , Park Elyse R
Published: April 2019

One third of smokers diagnosed with cancer continue smoking, perhaps due to low perceived cancer–related benefits of cessation. To examine perceived cancer–related benefits of quitting among newly diagnosed cancer patients who smoke and associations with quit intentions, baseline measures from patients (N = 303) enrolled in a randomized controlled trial were analyzed using hierarchical regression models and bootstrapping. Higher perceived cancer–related benefits of quitting were associated with having a smoking-related cancer and less education. Perceived cancer–related benefits of quitting and quit intentions were positively correlated, particularly among patients with smoking-related cancers. For smokers with smoking-related cancers, perceived cancer–related benefits of quitting are correlated with quit intentions.
Experimental study on flexural performance of steel-reinforced concrete slim floor beams
Authors: Yu Yunlong , Wei Bo , Yang Yong , Xue Yicong , Xue Hao
Published: April 2019

In long-span floors, the use of composite slim floor beams can effectively improve the flexural stiffness and flexural capacity of the floor system. In order to strengthen the stiffness of the composite slim floor beams and achieve better fire resistance, an innovative steel-reinforced concrete slim floor beams is presented in this article. To investigate the flexural performance of the steel-reinforced concrete slim floor beams, static loading experiments were carried out on six specimens. The parameters of the test were the height of slim floor beams and the type and size of steel shape in the steel-reinforced concrete slim floor beams. On the basis of the experiment, the bending failure modes, flexural stiffness, and flexural capacity of the steel-reinforced concrete slim floor beams were studied comprehensively. The test results indicated that the steel-reinforced concrete slim floor beams exhibited great flexural capacity, large stiffness, and high ductility. The calculation formulas of flexural stiffness and flexural capacity were also proposed in this article. The analysis of flexural performance of the steel-reinforced concrete slim floor beams can provide a significant foundation for further research.
Effects of human-induced load models on tuned mass damper in reducing floor vibration
Authors: Chen Jun , Han Ziping , Xu Ruotian
Published: April 2019

Dozens of human-induced load models for individual walking and jumping have been proposed in the past decades by researchers and are recommended in various design guidelines. These models differ from each other in terms of function orders, coefficients, and phase angles. When designing structures subjected to human-induced loads, in many cases, a load model is subjectively selected by the design engineer. The effects of different models on prediction of structural responses and efficiency of vibration control devices such as a tuned mass damper, however, are not clear. This article investigates the influence of human-induced load models on performance of tuned mass damper in reducing floor vibrations. Extensive numerical simulations were conducted on a single-degree-of-freedom system with one tuned mass damper, whose dynamic responses to six walking and four jumping load models were calculated and compared. The results show a maximum three times difference in the acceleration responses among all load models. Acceleration response spectra of the single-degree-of-freedom system with and without a tuned mass damper were also computed and the response reduction coefficients were determined accordingly. Comparison shows that the reduction coefficient curves have nearly the same tendency for different load models and a tuned mass damper with 5% mass ratio is able to achieve 50%–75% response reduction when the structure’s natural frequency is in multiples of the walking or jumping frequency. All the results indicate that a proper load model is crucial for structural response calculation and consequently the design of tuned mass damper device.
Optimizing split fuel injection strategies to avoid pre-ignition and super-knock in turbocharged engines
Authors: Singh Eshan , Morganti Kai , Dibble Robert
Published: April 2019

Fuel injection strategies often have a considerable impact on pre-ignition in high specific output gasoline engines. Splitting the injection event into two or more pulses has been widely explored as one means of reducing pre-ignition. As effective as these strategies can be with respect to pre-ignition suppression, they often introduce other compromises into the combustion process, for example, reduced indicated mean effective pressure or greater cycle-to-cycle variation. This study examines a split injection strategy with up to three injection pulses for suppressing pre-ignition, while optimizing the start of injection and duration of injection to minimize the associated compromises on the combustion process. The results demonstrate that splitting the injection event generally lowers the in-cylinder temperature and reduces the fuel mass that reaches the cylinder liner. This leads to a lower probability of creating oil-fuel droplets, which may act as a precursor for pre-ignition. The split injection strategy with a late injection when the piston is close to top dead center is shown to perform even better in terms of pre-ignition suppression, while providing comparable indicated mean effective pressure and cycle-to-cycle variation to the baseline case with a single injection pulse. Finally, the injection pressure is varied to establish an optimal combination of operating parameters for avoiding pre-ignition in high specific output gasoline engines.
The Use of Geographic Information Systems for Real-Time Monitoring of Comprehensive Community Initiatives
Authors: Ross Laurie , Ogneva-Himmelberger Yelena , Starr Casey
Published: April 2019

Spatiotemporal analysis in the form of geographic information systems (GISs) can help monitor changes in crime patterns in comprehensive community initiative (CCI). This article presents a CCI in Worcester, MA, in which the monthly monitoring of crime data without the use of GIS indicated that violent and social disorder crimes were decreasing in the project area. Spatiotemporal analysis, however, revealed a persistent crime hot spot. Upon deeper analysis, the project team realized that this hot spot consisted of medical calls, calls to check on the welfare, and overdoses. The project’s theory of change was not designed for these types of problems. Learning this with 9 months left in the project, the CCI’s leadership team began to develop a community-based response to opioid addiction. Given these results, funders of CCIs could encourage the regular use of accessible, open-source tools for spatiotemporal analysis in projecting monitoring. Ultimately, the joining of logic models and GISs can greatly increase the effectiveness of CCIs by directing the right strategies and resources to accurately constructed community problems.
MicroRNA 155 Downregulation by Vitamin C–Loaded Human Serum Albumin Nanoparticles During Cutaneous Wound Healing in Mice
Authors: Shojania Hamid Reza , Momeni-Moghaddam Madjid , Hossini Seyed-Ebrahim. , Armin Mohammad , Omrani Bidi Jalal
Published: April 2019

This study focused on potential of vitamin C loaded human serum albumin (HSA) nanoparticles for treatment of wound. Nanocarrier were prepared and assessed for their effect on growth of 3T3 fibroblast cells, cell migration, wound healing rate and expression of miR-155, TGF-β1 and SMAD 1,2 genes. Wound healing assay was done and wounds were treated with vitamin C loaded HSA nanoparticles. Nanoparticles were prepared with size and zeta potential of 180±6 and -29 mV, respectively. Vitamin C loaded HSA nanoparticles showed controlled release of vitamin C into the buffer solution. Also, yield and encapsulation efficacy of loaded nanoparticles were obtained as 70.6 and 52.1 %, respectively. MTT results showed that the growth of 3T3 fibroblast cells was promoted in culture medium with 20 µg/ml of vitamin C loaded HSA nanoparticles. Cell migration assay indicated the positive effect of loaded nanoparticles on wound healing. The in-vivo results showed that the rate of wound healing was increased after treatment with 20 µg/ml of vitamin C loaded HSA nanoparticles. The wounds were healed faster when treated with vitamin C loaded HSA nanoparticles in comparison with control group. The expression of miR-155 was downregulated after treatment. Furthermore, expression of TGF-β1 and SMAD 1,2 were increased while the wounds were treated with these nanoparticles. In conclusion, these results showed for the first time that wounds were healed after treatment with albumin nanocarrier loaded with vitamin C. This nanocarrier changed expression of miR-155 and TGF-β1 towards faster healing of wounds.
Cognition, conflict, and doctrine: How groupthink fails on a Clausewitz landscape
Authors: Wallace Rodrick
Published: April 2019

Real-time conflict takes place on Clausewitz landscapes most notably marked by fog-of-war and frictional limits, uncertainties, and misperceptions. Imposition of such factors on an opponent is, in fact, a standard tactic of confrontation, from courts of law to commerce, from political campaigns to the battlefield. Time-constrained optimization models of institutional effectiveness, based on ‘anytime algorithm’ methods, suggest that the burden of doctrinal groupthink may become synergistic with fog-of-war and friction to greatly compromise the ability of an institution to respond to shadow price demands imposed by a contending agent or environment. A different, and more direct, approach via a ‘simple’ stochastic model, provides similar insight.
Modeling of the exploding foil initiator and related circuitry for the variable mode of operation
Authors: Borman A J , Dowding C F , Seddon D
Published: April 2019

Analytical and numerical models, validated against published data, were developed to calculate the velocity and time of arrival duration (ToAD) of the flyer-plasma material at the top of the barrel of an exploding foil initiator (EFI), as commonly used in explosive devices. Such tools will aid system designers in the optimization of capacitor discharge circuit (CDC) or EFI bridge material properties.

The analytical elements of the approach developed support the requirement for the consideration of mass ejection variation with respect to initial capacitor voltage.

The numerical elements of the approach developed demonstrate that EFI design alteration to increase flyer mass is less effective in reducing ToAD than supply voltage modulation via the CDC. This finding is of particular relevance for in situ control of functional performance characteristics. This work goes on to demonstrate that such control is impracticable when using hexanitrostilbene, since the initial capacitor voltages necessary to yield appropriate ToAD for deflagration deliver insufficient energy to instigate a response from the EFI.
Design of a sustainable reverse supply chain in a remanufacturing environment: A case study of proton-exchange membrane fuel cell battery in Riyadh
Authors: Alkahtani Mohammed , Ziout Aiman
Published: April 2019

This article presents the design for a sustainable reverse supply chain network for remanufacturing the proton-exchange membrane fuel cell used in hydrogen vehicles. An optimization model with multiple objectives is proposed. In this article, a multi-objective optimization model is proposed and used to design a near-optimal reverse supply chain network that satisfies economic, environmental, and societal objectives, which are combined into one multi-objective function. An end-of-life proton-exchange membrane fuel cell battery collection in Riyadh city is the subject of the designed network. This model is found to be capable of choosing collection centers (drop-off) from a set of available centers and selecting a facility location for the remanufacturing plant. The model also serves as a tool to carry out analyses under different scenarios, as well as future changes in the factors that influence the designed reverse supply chain network, such as the hydrogen tax credit and the CO2 emissions cap. The output of this research facilitates the transition from oil-dependent to renewable energy transportation by providing a solution for its end-of-life products. The output of this article is considered as preparedness plan to help countries who seek transition from oil-dependent transportation to a system that uses renewable energy.
Examining the crash severity on divided rural multilane highway segments using multilevel ordinal logistic models
Authors: Peng Yichuan , Zhu Shengxue , Jiang Yuming
Published: April 2019

There are different types of severe crashes that occur on divided rural multilane highway segments. However, few research studies focused on the severity analysis of crashes on rural multilane segments, especially divided segments. Moreover, very few studies considered within-segment and within-crash correlations in the past, which would result in biased estimates in coefficients of contributing factors of the crashes occurring on divided rural multilane highway segments. Therefore, it is meaningful to figure out the risk factors for the severity of this kind of traffic crashes using multilevel ordinal logistic models to identify the effect of contributing factors more accurately. Crash data in California were employed to calibrate the model. Model fit assessment and comparison were employed to ensure the suitability of introducing the random effects. The data set was divided into three levels: segment level, crash level, and occupant level. Five major types of crashes, including head-on, sideswipe, angle, rear-end, and single-vehicle crashes, that occurred on divided rural multilane highway segments were investigated separately to figure out the contributing factors related to road geometrics, vehicle, and occupant variables. The results show that multilevel ordinal logistic modeling provides significantly better results compared to the model of traditional ordinal logistic modeling without considering the random effects. The contributing factors of different types of crashes are different. For example, the head-on crashes occurring on rural segments with street light are associated with a lower likelihood of severe injury of crashes. The sideswipe crashes on rural segments without curbs or with unpaved median types are associated with a higher likelihood of severe injury. The rear-end crashes on rural segments with higher design speed are associated with a higher likelihood of severe injuries. It is also shown from the modeling results that the use of cell phone while driving would increase the likelihood of severe injury of sideswipe, angle, and single-vehicle crashes.
Research on high temperature deformation behavior of low carbon steel based on processing map
Authors: Dao-chun Hu , Lei Wang , Hai-bo Lin
Published: April 2019

The high temperature deformation behaviors of low-carbon steel QD08 were investigated by hot compression tests over temperatures from 1000°C to 1200°C and strain rates from 0.1 to 10 s−1. In order to describe the flow characteristics, a constitutive equation was developed and the relation between the flow stress and Zener–Hollomon parameter was successfully analyzed via the hyperbolic sine function under the whole range of deformation condition. It can be found that the critical strain [Formula: see text] increases with parameter Z increasing; the critical conditions for onset of dynamic recrystallization is [Formula: see text]. Based on dynamic material model and Prasad’s instability criterion, the power dissipation map and the instability map were developed. The results show that the security domain of hot deformation for low-carbon steel QD08 at the temperature range between 1070°C and 1100°C, and strain rate range of around 5–10 s−1, with a higher power dissipation factor, maintains a smooth variation, under stable deformation conditions. On the basis of processing map, the optimal deformation processing parameters are the hot deformation temperature range from 1070°C to 1100°C, and strain rate range from 5 to 10 s−1.
An energy-saving and velocity-tracking control design for the pipe isolation tool
Authors: Wu Tingting , Zhao Hong
Published: April 2019

The pipe isolation tool demonstrates remarkable advantages in safety and efficiency compared with traditional plugging devices. However, its utilization in plugging operations is limited by demand of operation duration and precise velocity trajectory. In this article, a pipe isolation tool control system is designed for energy-saving and plugging part’s velocity tracking of the pipe isolation tool. To achieve energy recovery and velocity-tracking control, a flywheel and an accumulator are used for energy transformation and storage. A fuzzy proportional integral derivative controller is proposed to improve the ability of the desired velocity trajectory. The proposed control strategy, compared with the conventional pipe isolation tool drive system, is more energy efficient and has more internally stable dynamics on the closed-loop system. The results verify that both energy-saving and velocity-tracking objectives are satisfied for the electrohydraulic control system of the pipe isolation tool.