bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seasonal Variation in Antimicrobial Activity of Crude Extracts of Psammaplysilla sp. 1 from Phillips Reef, South Africa
Authors: Kibungu Wasswa Cuthbert , Fri Justine , Clarke Anna-Maria , Otigbu Anthony , Akum Njom Henry
Published: May 2021

Marine invertebrates constitute a diverse group of marine organisms beneficial to humanity due to their therapeutic significance. The marine sponge species Psammaplysilla sp. 1 was collected from Philips Reef, South Africa, over a four-season period and assayed for antimicrobial potential. The physicochemical parameters of the collection site were also recorded. The sponge crude extracts’ antimicrobial activity was evaluated using an agar well diffusion assay against 5 pathogens. Phytochemical screening was conducted to identify the presence of 7 critical phytochemical groups. During the four seasons, the mean water temperature was 17.35°C ± 2.06, with autumn recording the highest (20°C) temperature. Antifungal activity was observed by Psammaplysilla sp. 1 (30 mm) against C. albicans, and this was higher than that showed by standard drugs ICZ-10 µg (15 ± 0.1 mm), FLU-15 µg (21 ± 0.2 mm), and VCZ-5 µg (17 ± 0.1 mm), respectively. Similar bioactivities were observed seasonally with Psammaplysilla sp. 1 (22 mm and 24 mm) during autumn and spring, respectively, against C. difficile while only crude extracts collected in spring showed bioactivity against C. albicans. Psammaplysilla sp. crude extracts showed broad-spectrum bioactivity against all test pathogens. DCM : ME crude extracts tested positive for the presence of 2/7 of the phytochemicals (terpenoids and flavonoids). GC-MS revealed several previously reported biologically active compounds such bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,3,5-trien-7-ol and phenol, 2,6-dibromo, some of which have been found in plants. This study revealed that sponge bioactivity is dependent on the season and further validated the antimicrobial potential of South African marine sponges.
Two Endotracheal Tubes in One Trachea with a Traumatic Injury
Authors: Winegarner Andrew , Lecamwasam Harish , Kendall Mark C. , Asher Shyamal
Published: May 2021

Background. Traumatic airway injuries often require improvising solutions to altered anatomy under strict time constraints. We describe here the use of two endotracheal tubes simultaneously in the trachea to facilitate securing an airway which has been severely compromised by a self-inflicted wound to the trachea. Case Presentation: A 71-year-old male presented with a self-inflicted incision to his neck, cutting deep into the trachea itself. An endotracheal tube was emergently placed through the self-inflicted hole in the trachea in the ED. The patient was bleeding profusely, severely somnolent, and desaturating upon arrival to the operating room. Preservation of the tenuous airway was a priority while seeking to establish a more secure one. A video laryngoscope was used to gain a wide view of the posterior oropharynx and assist with oral intubation using a fiberoptic scope loaded with a second endotracheal tube. The initial tube’s cuff was deflated as the second tube was advanced over the fiberoptic scope, thereby securing the airway while a completion tracheostomy was performed. Conclusions. Direct penetrating airway trauma may necessitate early, albeit less secure, intubations though the neck wounds prior to operating room arrival. The conundrum is weighing the risk of losing a temporary airway while attempting to establish a more secure airway. Here, we demonstrate the versatility of common anesthesia tools such as a video laryngoscope and a fiberoptic bronchoscope and the welcome discovery of the trachea’s ability to accommodate two endotracheal tubes simultaneously so as to ensure a patent airway at all points throughout resuscitation.
Experiments on Mechanical Response and Energy Dissipation Behavior of Rockburst‐Prone Coal Samples Under Impact Loading
Authors: Tang Jinbao , Li Sheng , Qin Guangsheng , Lu Wanjie , Zhu Zhijie , Jia Ce , Wen Haiou , Yang Lei
Published: May 2021

To reveal the dynamic mechanical response and energy dissipation behavior of rockburst‐prone coal samples under impact loading, the compressive experiments on Xinzhouyao coals (prone) and Machang coals (nonprone) under different impact loadings were carried out using the Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (SHPB). The dynamic mechanical properties were studied, including dynamic elastic modulus, strain rate, peak stress, peak strain, dynamic increment factor, and energy dissipation. The results show that the dynamic elastic modulus, peak stress, and peak strain of both prone and nonprone coals perform an obvious correlation with the increase of strain rate. The strain rate strengthening effect on the dynamic elastic modulus and compressive strength of rockburst‐prone coal samples are more significant, reflected by the greater increment with the increase of strain rate, while the dynamic increment factors of both prone and nonprone coals show apparent strain rate strengthening. The incident, reflected, and transmitted energy of both two coals linearly increases with the impact velocity, although the increased rate may be different. The dissipated energy of rockburst‐prone coal samples increases faster, while the rate of the increase of the dissipated energy is more stable with strain rate. The results may provide an important reference for revealing the failure law of engineering‐scaled coal mass suffered by rockburst.
Effect of Dispersoids and Intermetallics on Hardening the Al‐Si‐Cu‐Mg Cast Alloys
Authors: Hernandez-Sandoval J. , Abdelaziz M. H. , Samuel A. M. , Doty H. W. , Samuel F. H.
Published: May 2021

The principal aim of the present research work was to compare the role of dispersoids Al2O3 (∼15 μm average particle size) and SiC (∼15 μm average particle size) with that offered by Zr‐ and Ni‐based intermetallics (∼35–70 μm average particle size) on the hardening of cast aluminum 354 alloy (9.1% Si, 0.12% Fe, 1.8% Cu, 0.008% Mn, 0.6% Mg, and 87.6% Al) at ambient temperature. There is no observable poisoning effect on the refinement of grain size after the addition of Zr to the alloys investigated in this study. The tensile test results were examined in light of the microstructural features of the corresponding alloy samples. The contribution of the added dispersoids or Ni and Zr alloying elements on the tensile properties of the 354 alloys was determined employing ∆P plots (where P = Property, UTS, YS, or %El), using the base alloy (in the as‐cast condition) as a reference point. The tensile results were supported by investigating the precipitation‐hardening phases using scanning and transmission electron microscopy as well as examining the fracture surfaces of selected conditions applying field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results show that, in all cases, Al2Cu phase is the main hardening agent. The contribution of about 1.5 vol% of SiC or Al2O3 to the strength of the base alloy is higher than that offered by Zr‐ and Ni‐based intermetallics, under the same aging treatment.
QoS‐Aware Optimal Radio Resource Allocation Method for Machine‐Type Communications in 5G LTE and beyond Cellular Networks
Authors: Beshley Halyna , Beshley Mykola , Medvetskyi Mykhailo , Pyrih Julia
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we consider the saturation problem in the 3GPP LTE cellular system caused by the expected huge number of machine‐type communication (MTC) devices, leading to a significant impact on both machine‐to‐machine (M2M) and human‐to‐machine H2H traffic. M2M communications are expected to dominate traffic in LTE and beyond cellular networks. In order to address this problem, we proposed an advanced architecture designed for 5G LTE networks to enable the coexistence of H2H/M2M traffic, supported by different priority strategies to meet QoS for each traffic. The queuing strategy is implemented with an M2M gateway that manages four queues allocated to different types of MTC traffic. The optimal radio resource allocation method in LTE and beyond cellular networks was developed. This method is based on adaptive selection of channel bandwidth depending on the QoS requirements and priority traffic aggregation in the M2M gateway. Additionally, a new simulation model is proposed which can help in studying and analyzing the mutual impact between M2M and H2H traffic coexistence in 5G networks while considering high and low priority traffics for both M2M and H2H devices. This simulator automates the proposed method of optimal radio resource allocation between the M2M and H2H traffic to ensure the required QoS. Our simulation results proved that the proposed method improved the efficiency of radio resource utilization to 13% by optimizing the LTE frame formation process.
An Inertial Iterative Algorithm with Strong Convergence for Solving Modified Split Feasibility Problem in Banach Spaces
Authors: Jia Huijuan , Liu Shufen , Dang Yazheng
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we propose an iterative scheme for a special split feasibility problem with the maximal monotone operator and fixed-point problem in Banach spaces. The algorithm implements Halpern’s iteration with an inertial technique for the problem. Under some mild assumption of the monotonicity of the related mapping, we establish the strong convergence of the sequence generated by the algorithm which does not require the spectral radius of

A

T

A. Finally, the numerical example is presented to demonstrate the efficiency of the algorithm.
Application of Color Doppler Imaging of Portal Vein Based on Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm in the Diagnosis of Exercise-Induced Abdominal Pain
Authors: He Li
Published: May 2021

This study was to explore the application of a 50% iterative reconstruction algorithm in the diagnosis of exercise-induced abdominal pain (AP) with color Doppler imaging, the changes of liver and gallbladder, and portal vein before and after the exercise. 108 students with exercise-induced AP caused by mid- and long-distance running from May 30, 2019, to April 15, 2020, were selected as the research objects in this study. They were performed with the color Doppler flow image (CDFI). An iterative reconstruction (IR) with a weight of 50% was adopted for image reconstruction, and the reconstructed images were evaluated subjectively and objectively. Then, the maximum liver diameter (MLD), gallbladder width (GW), and portal vein diameter (PVD) were recorded before and after the exercise. The results showed that the SNR and CNR after ultrasound image reconstruction (UIR) (1.07 ± 0.58 and 3.59 ± 0.61, resp.) were increased greatly in contrast to the values before the UIR (7.36 ± 1.15 and 1.07 ± 0.58, resp.) (

p
<
0.05

); the score after the UIR (4.38 ± 0.59) was obviously higher than that before the UIR (3.52 ± 0.41) (

p
<
0.05

); the MLD of the subject at the 12th minute during the exercise was observably smaller than that at the 0th minute (

p
<
0.05

) while the MLD of the subject at the 12th minute after the exercise was greatly larger than that at the 0th minute (

p
<
0.05

); the GW of the subject during and after the exercise was not changed considerably; and the PVD of the subject at the 12th minute during the exercise was larger greatly than that at the 0th minute (

p
<
0.05

). In short, the quality of the reconstructed image based on the IR and noise index was better than that of the original ultrasound image because the interference of artifacts and noise was reduced. After exercise, the liver volume decreased, while the PVD increased, resulting in exercise-induced AP.
The MNK1/2–eIF4E Axis Supports Immune Suppression and Metastasis in Postpartum Breast Cancer
Authors: Guo Qianyu , Bartish Margarita , Gonçalves Christophe , Huang Fan , Smith-Voudouris Julian , Krisna Sai Sakktee , Preston Samuel E.J. , Emond Audrey , Li Vivian Z. , Duerr Claudia U. , Gui Yirui , Cleret-Buhot Aurélie , Thebault Pamela , Lefrère Hanne , Lenaerts Liesbeth , Plourde Dany , Su Jie , Mindt Barbara C. , Hewgill Shannon A. , Cotechini Tiziana , Hindmarch Charles C.T. , Yang William , Khoury Elie , Zhan Yao , Narykina Valeria , Wei Yuhong , Floris Giuseppe , Basik Mark , Amant Frédéric , Quail Daniela F. , Lapointe Réjean , Fritz Jörg H. , del Rincon Sonia V. , Miller Wilson H.
Published: May 2021

Breast cancer diagnosed within 10 years following childbirth is defined as postpartum breast cancer (PPBC) and is highly metastatic. Interactions between immune cells and other stromal cells within the involuting mammary gland are fundamental in facilitating an aggressive tumor phenotype. The MNK1/2–eIF4E axis promotes translation of prometastatic mRNAs in tumor cells, but its role in modulating the function of nontumor cells in the PPBC microenvironment has not been explored. Here, we used a combination of in vivo PPBC models and in vitro assays to study the effects of inactivation of the MNK1/2–eIF4E axis on the protumor function of select cells of the tumor microenvironment. PPBC mice deficient for phospho-eIF4E (eIF4ES209A) were protected against lung metastasis and exhibited differences in the tumor and lung immune microenvironment compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, the expression of fibroblast-derived IL33, an alarmin known to induce invasion, was repressed upon MNK1/2–eIF4E axis inhibition. Imaging mass cytometry on PPBC and non-PPBC patient samples indicated that human PPBC contains phospho-eIF4E high–expressing tumor cells and CD8+ T cells displaying markers of an activated dysfunctional phenotype. Finally, inhibition of MNK1/2 combined with anti–PD-1 therapy blocked lung metastasis of PPBC. These findings implicate the involvement of the MNK1/2–eIF4E axis during PPBC metastasis and suggest a promising immunomodulatory route to enhance the efficacy of immunotherapy by blocking phospho-eIF4E.

Significance:

This study investigates the MNK1/2–eIF4E signaling axis in tumor and stromal cells in metastatic breast cancer and reveals that MNK1/2 inhibition suppresses metastasis and sensitizes tumors to anti–PD-1 immunotherapy.
Quantitative Proteomics Identifies Secreted Diagnostic Biomarkers as well as Tumor-Dependent Prognostic Targets for Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Senturk Aydanur , Sahin Ayse T. , Armutlu Ayse , Kiremit Murat C. , Acar Omer , Erdem Selcuk , Bagbudar Sidar , Esen Tarik , Tuncbag Nurcan , Ozlu Nurhan
Published: May 2021

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the third most common and most malignant urological cancer, with a 5-year survival rate of 10% for patients with advanced tumors. Here, we identified 10,160 unique proteins by in-depth quantitative proteomics, of which 955 proteins were significantly regulated between tumor and normal adjacent tissues. We verified four putatively secreted biomarker candidates, namely, PLOD2, FERMT3, SPARC, and SIRPα, as highly expressed proteins that are not affected by intratumor and intertumor heterogeneity. Moreover, SPARC displayed a significant increase in urine samples of patients with ccRCC, making it a promising marker for the detection of the disease in body fluids. Furthermore, based on molecular expression profiles, we propose a biomarker panel for the robust classification of ccRCC tumors into two main clusters, which significantly differed in patient outcome with an almost three times higher risk of death for cluster 1 tumors compared with cluster 2 tumors. Moreover, among the most significant clustering proteins, 13 were targets of repurposed inhibitory FDA-approved drugs. Our rigorous proteomics approach identified promising diagnostic and tumor-discriminative biomarker candidates which can serve as therapeutic targets for the treatment of ccRCC.

Implications:

Our in-depth quantitative proteomics analysis of ccRCC tissues identifies the putatively secreted protein SPARC as a promising urine biomarker and reveals two molecular tumor phenotypes.
Postprocedural Endophthalmitis or Postprocedural Intraocular Inflammation: A Diagnostic Conundrum
Authors: Al Busaidi Aisha , Al-Hinai Ahmed
Published: May 2021

We experienced an atypical endophthalmitis occurring post consecutively performed in-office procedures; an intravitreal injection (IVI) of ranibizumab followed by an anterior chamber (AC) paracentesis performed twice in an eye with neovascular glaucoma (NVG). A 52-year-old diabetic male who was asymptomatic developed signs of endophthalmitis and decreased vision without pain in his left eye a few days post-IVI and AC paracentesis. The condition worsened after an initial vitreous tap and injection of antibiotics. Cultures of vitreous and aqueous samples were negative. Complete resolution occurred after a pars plana vitrectomy with IVI of antibiotics and steroid with removal of a dense “yellowish-brown” fibrinous plaque. The absence of pain, presence of a peculiar colored fibrin, mild-to-moderate vitritis without retinitis, negative cultures, and complete recovery despite the fulminant presentation; favor a diagnosis of inflammation over infection. We hypothesize that a micro-leak from a 26-gauge AC tap tract might have served as an entry port for 5% povidone-iodine from the ocular surface thus inciting inflammation. However, an exuberant inflammatory response that can be typically seen in NVG eyes after intraocular procedures cannot be excluded. Various causes of inflammation post-procedures, both toxic and nontoxic should be considered in atypical culture-negative fulminant endophthalmitis cases with good outcome posttreatment. Any minor ocular procedure may carry a risk of such complication. Patient counseling and care must be exercised in performing these procedures.
Chorioretinal Biopsy-Proven Ocular Sarcoidosis in a Patient with a History of B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Berkowitz Sean T. , Brock Anderson L. , Reichstein David A.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this report is to describe biopsy-proven ocular sarcoidosis (OS) in a 67-year-old patient with a history of sarcoidosis and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Nonspecific posterior chorioretinal lesions in a patient with prior malignancy necessitated chorioretinal biopsy to rule out metastatic lymphoma. The association between sarcoidosis and malignancy remains unclear and can complicate management of similar patients with nonspecific posterior segment findings. Chorioretinal biopsy may, therefore, be required to rule out malignancy in patients with a leading history.
Reinforcement Effects of Social Network Intervention during Nutritional Supplementation in Frail Older Adults
Authors: Kim Chang-O , Jeong Yunhui , Park Younjin , Bae Jeong-Sook , Kwon Yoonjeong , Cho Mihee , Yoo Chang Hee , Lee Kyung-Eun
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Chronic undernutrition and a homebound state are corelated and are both important components of frailty. However, whether social network intervention combined with protein supplementation is an effective strategy to prevent functional decline among frail older adults is unclear. Methods: 150 frail older adults participated in a 3-month, 3-armed, community-based clinical trial and were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups: high-protein supplementation (additional 27 g of protein/day), the Social Nutrition Program (additional 27 g of protein/day and social network intervention), or a control group. Those assigned to the Social Nutrition Program group received individual counseling from 1 dietitian and 1 social worker during 6 home visits and were encouraged to participate in 4 sessions of community-based cooking activities, the social kitchen program. Primary outcomes were changes in Physical Functioning (PF) and the Timed Up and Go (TUG) test and were assessed at 0 months (baseline), 1.5 months (interim), and 3, 6, and 9 months (postintervention). Results: Compared with the control group, participants in the Social Nutrition Program showed an average improvement of 2.2–3.0 s in the TUG test and this improvement persisted for 3 months after the end of the program (post hoc p ≤ 0.030). The Social Nutrition Program also increased PF by 1.3 points while the control group showed a 1.4 point reduction at the end of the program (post hoc p = 0.045). Improvement in PF and TUG results was primarily observed for the socially frail subgroup of older adults in the Social Nutrition Program group rather than the physically frail subgroup. Frequency of leaving home functioned as a mediator (p = 0.042) and explained 31.2% of the total effect of the Social Nutrition Program on PF change. Conclusion: Our results indicate that social network intervention combined with protein supplementation can improve both the magnitude and duration of functional status among frail older community-dwelling adults.
Obesity in Renal Transplantation
Authors: Quero Maria , Montero Nuria , Rama Inés , Codina Sergi , Couceiro Carlos , Cruzado Josep M.
Published: May 2021

Background: Data from the WHO show an increasing rate of overweight and obesity in general population in the last decades. This increase in obesity also affects population with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and kidney transplant (KT) candidates. Summary: In this review, we focused on how obesity impacts on KT stages: access to KT and outcomes of KT candidates; how to reduce weight and its consequences; short and long-term outcomes in obese recipients and the impact of weight variations; and the implications of obesity in living donor KT. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials until November 30, 2020. We selected systematic reviews and meta-analyses and randomized clinical trials. When no such reports were found for a topic, observational studies were included in the assessment. Key Messages: Although obesity is a risk factor to present worst outcomes after KT, several studies have demonstrated a survival benefit compared to patients who continue on dialysis. There is a need for a public health campaign to raise awareness in KT candidates and to highlight the importance of self-care, increasing exercise, healthy diet, and weight loss.
Cyclosporine A Treatment of Proteinuria in a New Case of MAFB-Associated Glomerulopathy without Extrarenal Involvement: A Case Report
Authors: Kaimori Jun-Ya , Mori Tatsuhiko , Namba-Hamano Tomoko , Morimoto Takeshi , Takuwa Ayako , Motooka Daisuke , Okazaki Atsuko , Kobayashi Kaori , Asahina Yuta , Kajimoto Sachio , Doi Yohei , Oka Tatsufumi , Sakaguchi Yusuke , Nakaya Akihiro , Isaka Yoshitaka
Published: May 2021

The MAFB gene encodes an important basic leucine zipper transcription factor that functions in glomerular podocytes, macrophages, and osteoclasts. Recently, MAFB was identified as the gene that was responsible for causing nephropathy with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) with multicentric carpotarsal osteolysis (MCTO) or Duane retraction syndrome (DRS). Here, we describe a patient with nephropathy associated with FSGS who exhibited a novel stop-gain variant in the MAFB gene (NM_005461:c.590C>A (p.Ser197Ter)). The patient’s father exhibited proteinuria with FSGS with possible DRS, whereas the patient exhibited nephropathy with FSGS and nearly normal eye movement and hearing function, as well as intact bone structure in the extremities. Conventional oral steroids or immunosuppressive drugs have not demonstrated effectiveness for patients with nephropathy who exhibit pathogenic variants in MAFB, except for a patient with nephropathy with FSGS and MCTO who experienced attenuated proteinuria within the subnephrotic range in response to cyclosporine A (CyA) treatment for at least 4 years. Thus, we attempted administration of CyA in our patient. Unexpectedly, the patient demonstrated good and rapid responses to CyA, including a partial reduction in proteinuria from approximately 2.0 g/g Cr to proteinuria within the subnephrotic range (0.27 g/g Cr) after 13 months of observation. Our findings suggest that CyA may be a suitable treatment option for patients with nephropathy with FSGS who exhibit pathogenic MAFB variants.
Use of protein kinase C and phospholipase A2 inhibitors in bovine endometrial cells treated with estradiol and calcium ionophore
Authors: Maldonado Mariângela Bueno Cordeiro , Henry Francine Messias Ciríaco , Ferreira Teissiane Fernanda de Vasconcelos , Mello Barbara Piffero , Binelli Mario , Membrive Claudia Maria Bertan
Published: May 2021

The release of endometrial prostaglandin-F2α (PGF2α) in bovine females can be induced in vivo by estradiol (E2). However, its role in this mechanism has not been clarified. We hypothesized that E2 stimulates the activity and abundance of protein kinase C (PKC) and phospholipase A2 (PLA2). Our objective in this study was to analyze the effects of PKC and PLA2 inhibitors on PGF2α synthesis induced by E2 and calcium ionophore (CI) in bovine endometrial cells (BEND cells; Experiment 1). Additionally, we evaluated the abundance of PKC and PLA2 in endometrial explants of cows treated or not with E2 17 days after estrus (D17, D0 = estrus; Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, BEND cells were submitted to a PKC inhibitor (10 μM of C25H24N4O2; bisindolylmaleimide I, or BIS I), a PLA2 inhibitor (20 μM of arachydoniltrifluoromethane or AACOCF3), or none. The BEND cells were subsequently treated with E2 and CI, and PGF2α concentrations were measured in the culture medium through radioimmunoassay. For DIF-12 (PGF2α concentration 12 h after treatment subtracted from PGF2α concentration at hour 0), no PKC inhibitor effect was observed (P= 0.2709). However, DIF-12 was lower (P < 0.05) for groups treated with the PLA2 inhibitor and PLA2 inhibitor + CI + E2 groups than the control and CI + E2 groups. Thus, AACOCF3 was an efficient PLA2 inhibitor in the BEND cells culture system, and E2 did not stimulate the synthesis of PKC and PLA2. In Experiment 2, cyclic Nellore heifers received none (n = 5) or 3 mg (n = 6) of 17β-E2 on D17 and were slaughtered 2 h after administration. The abundance of PKC and PLA2 in the endometrial tissue was evaluated using Western blotting analysis. No E2 effect was observed on PKC (P = 0.08) and PLA2 (P = 0.56). We concluded that E2 did not stimulate the activity and abundance of PKC and PLA2.
Dietas sustentáveis e sistemas alimentares: novos desafios da nutrição em saúde pública
Authors: Marchioni Dirce Maria , Carvalho Aline Martins de , Villar Betzabeth Slater
Published: May 2021

Neste texto apresentamos as dietas sustentáveis, os sistemas alimentares e sua relação com saúde e nutrição. Uma dieta de qualidade é aquela que elimina a fome, é segura, reduz todas as formas de desnutrição, promove a saúde e é produzida de forma sustentável, ou seja, sem prejudicar o ambiente e garantindo dietas de alta qualidade também para as gerações futuras. Não é possível ter uma alimentação saudável sem que esta seja sustentável em todas as suas dimensões. No entanto, o sistema alimentar global, hoje, não é sustentável e, paralelamente, o mundo enfrenta a sindemia global da obesidade, desnutrição e mudanças climáticas. Para a superação dos desafios será necessário olhar para os sistemas de produção, as atividades da cadeia de suprimentos, os ambientes alimentares, o consumo alimentar e o comportamento dos consumidores, envolvendo múltiplos atores.
Исторический процесс в свете христианской антропологии Ф. М. Достоевского
Authors: Tarassov Boris Nikolaievitch
Published: May 2021

Based on the fundamental concepts of the "mystery of man" and Christian realism, the "law of the Ego" and the "law of love" for Dostoevsky's creative consciousness, the article examines the one-sidedness of biologizing and socializing concepts of human nature since the Enlightenment and their connection with entropic processes in the spiritual and moral world of people and declining trends in the course of history. It is shown how the spiritual laws of life, which are leaving the field of view of rationalistic and pragmatic consciousness, transform social-progressive design and planning, and introduce nihilistic elements into them. It is emphasized that the methodology of Christian realism is universal, that it connects the "mystery of man" with the mystery of history, and becomes one of the main principles for assessing the hierarchy of values in various ideological and social systems.
Agricultura, natureza e imigração: uma leitura da obra Canaã, de Graça Aranha
Authors: Braga Márcio Bobik , Figueiredo Alexandre Ganan de Brites
Published: May 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar o romance Canaã, de Graça Aranha sob o ponto de vista da história econômica do Brasil no final do século XIX e início do século XX. Na obra, foi possível identificar inúmeros aspectos da agricultura brasileira como sua baixa produtividade, inclusive quando se considera a mão de obra disponível no país, a natureza hostil, a imigração como forma de compensar a falta de mão de obra para a grande lavoura, além das dificuldades econômicas que esses imigrantes sofreram no Brasil. O artigo teve ainda a pretensão de questionar o princípio das vantagens comparativas aplicado ao Brasil, colocando em questão o sistema de divisão internacional do trabalho que prevalece, de certa forma, até os dias atuais.
Autoritarismo, Neofascismo, a Cultura e as Artes: fazer teatro nas democracias em crise
Authors: Silva Michelle
Published: May 2021

O presente artigo aborda a relação entre autoritarismo, neofascismo e o papel das artes no atual contexto brasileiro, em especial, no comportamento do setor teatral, nesse cenário de enfrentamento em que artistas são atacados pela ala ideológica do Governo Bolsonaro e por grupos da ultradireita. Para tanto, apresenta o atual cenário a partir da análise de escritores que refletem sobre a conjuntura no país, bem como de autores de períodos anteriores que propõem a analisar a relação do fascismo com o autoritarismo. Por fim, aponta para reflexões sobre a relevância da atuação de artistas para o enfrentamento ao quadro ultraconservador que nos atinge, a fim de que o neofascismo não se consolide na sociedade brasileira.
Preoperative Risks of Cerebral Infarction in Pediatric Moyamoya Disease
Authors: Hayashi Toshiaki , Kimiwada Tomomi , Karibe Hiroshi , Shirane Reizo , Sasaki Tatsuya , Metoki Hirohito , Tominaga Teiji
Published: May 2021

Background and Purpose:

In pediatric moyamoya disease, there have been few reports of the risk factors for preoperative cerebral infarction, especially during the waiting period before surgery. The clinical and radiological findings of surgically treated pediatric moyamoya patients were evaluated to analyze the risk factors for cerebral infarction seen from onset to surgery.

Methods:

Between August 2003 and September 2019, 120 hemispheres of 71 patients under 18 years of age with moyamoya disease were surgically treated by direct and indirect bypass procedures. The mean age of all surgical hemispheres at diagnosis was 6.7±3.9 years (6 months–17 years). The potential risk factors for preoperative infarction were examined statistically.

Results:

Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors for infarction at the time of diagnosis were age at diagnosis (odds ratio [OR], 0.68 [95% CI, 0.57–0.82];
P
<0.0001) and the magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) score (OR, 2.29 [95% CI, 1.40–3.75];
P
=0.001). Univariate analysis showed that risk factors for infarction while waiting for surgery were age at diagnosis (OR, 0.61 [95% CI, 0.46–0.80];
P
<0.0001), the MRA score (OR, 1.75 [95% CI, 1.26–2.41];
P
=0.0003), and onset of infarction (OR, 40.4 [95% CI, 5.08–322.3];
P
<0.0001). Multiple comparisons showed that patients under 4 years of age were at a significantly high risk of infarction at the time of diagnosis and while waiting for surgery. Time from diagnosis to surgery of >2 months was a significant risk factor for infarction while waiting for surgery in patients under 6 years of age.

Conclusions:

Young age at diagnosis and a high MRA score may be associated with rapid disease progression and result in preoperative infarction. We recommend that surgery be performed within 2 months of diagnosis for the patients under 4 years of age with a high MRA score (>5) and cerebral infarction. Further study is needed to define the optimal timing of surgery.
A Joint Learning Framework for the CCKS-2020 Financial Event Extraction Task
Authors: Sheng Jiawei , Li Qian , Hei Yiming , Guo Shu , Yu Bowen , Wang Lihong , He Min , Liu Tingwen , Xu Hongbo
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a winning solution for the CCKS-2020 financial event extraction task, where the goal is to identify event types, triggers and arguments in sentences across multiple event types. In this task, we focus on resolving two challenging problems (i.e., low resources and element overlapping) by proposing a joint learning framework, named SaltyFishes. We first formulate the event extraction task as a joint probability model. By sharing parameters in the model across different types, we can learn to adapt to low-resource events based on high-resource events. We further address the element overlapping problems by a mechanism of Conditional Layer Normalization, achieving even better extraction accuracy. The overall approach achieves an F1-score of 87.8% which ranks the first place in the competition.
Popular Print under the Press
Authors: Carnelos Laura
Published: May 2021

Mistakes, printing defects, reused woodcuts and low-quality paper are often the result of strategies enabled by printers and publishers to offer printed material at a low price while balancing profit/loss in their daily activities. It was precisely due to these strategies that a wider class of population could read, sing, learn and enjoy life in early modern Europe. This essay illustrates the preliminary results of a comparative analysis aimed at investigating the production phase of cheap books and prints all over Europe. With a focus on editorial strategies, printing practices and materials commonly adopted and used in these publications, it demonstrates that European publishers and printers followed very similar patterns while producing cheap products.
Dispute Settlement Mechanisms: Gulf Cooperation Council Practice v. European Union Practice
Authors: Hussain Fathi , Zahraa Mahdi
Published: May 2021

Dispute settlement mechanisms (DSM) are the heart of international organisations without which organisations would be ineffective. The European Union (EU) is probably the most effective regional body whose efficacy is largely due to its powerful judicial organ, the Court of Justice (CJEU). This article also examines the DSM available in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC), in order to assess its effectiveness. It briefly discusses aspects of the EU and CJEU to help provide suggestions to improve the GCC DSM. This article concludes that the GCC DSM lacks effectiveness due to an inherent defect in its DMS organs. This defect is twofold: first, the GCC has yet to establish an effective judicial organ to deal with its disputes; and, second, there is a lack of political will to establish an organ that is vested with a supranational power that can override the individual will of the Member States.
Revision of the Palaearctic species of Pristaulacus Kieffer, 1900 (Hymenoptera: Aulacidae)
Authors: TURRISI GIUSEPPE FABRIZIO
Published: May 2021

The Palaearctic species of the genus Pristaulacus Kieffer, 1900 are revised and illustrated for the first time. Twenty-one valid species are recognized. Two new species are described: P. edoardoi Turrisi, sp. nov., from Crete Island and Greece, and P. paglianoi Turrisi, sp. nov., from Morocco and Tunisia. Four new synonymies are proposed: Aulacus (Pristaulacus) holtzi Schulz, 1906 = P. compressus (Spinola, 1808) (syn. nov.); P. bimaculatus arozarenae Ortega & Baez, 1985 = P. galitae (Gribodo, 1879) (syn. nov.); Aulacus sibiricola Semenow, 1892 = P. gibbator (Thunberg, 1822) (syn. nov.); P. holzschuhi Madl, 1990 = P. gloriator (Fabricius, 1804) (syn. nov.). The following synonymies are confirmed on the basis of the study of type material: P. obscuripennis Westwood, 1841 = P. compressus (Spinola, 1808); P. bimaculatus Kieffer, 1900 and P. immaculatus Kieffer, 1904 = P. galitae (Gribodo, 1879). Three nomina nuda: A. beckeri Tournier, 1911, A. plurimaculatus Tournier, 1911, and A. transversostriatus Tournier, 1911, previously assigned to the genus Aulacus, are all synonyms of P. compressus (Spinola, 1808) (syn. nov.). The previously unknown male of P. boninensis Konishi, 1990 is described. Lectotypes and paralectotypes of P. comptipennis Enderlein, 1912, P. immaculatus Kieffer, 1904, and P. bimaculatus arozarenae Ortega & Baez, 1985 are designated. A key to species and distributional maps are also provided.
Revision of the ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)
Authors: HETERICK BRIAN E. , SHATTUCK STEVE
Published: May 2021

The world fauna of the dolichoderine ant genus Iridomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is revised. Seventy-nine species are recognised, 31 described as new. Four species are removed from Iridomyrmex: I. butteli (Forel) to Chronoxenus, I. extensus Emery to Anonychomyrma and I. krakatauae Wheeler and I. latifrons Karavaiev to Tapinoma. Twenty-five species and subspecies pass into synonymy: I. emeryi Crawley is synonymised under I. victorianus Forel (itself raised to species), I. vicinus Clark is synonymised under I. splendens Forel (itself raised to species), I. wingi Donisthorpe is synonymised under I. pallidus Forel (itself raised to species), I. gracilis Lowne (a preoccupied name) is synonymised under I. bicknelli Emery, I. mimulus Shattuck is synonymised under I. viridigaster Clark, I. albitarsus Wheeler and I. notialis Shattuck are synonymised under I. calvus Emery, I. obscurus Crawley is synonymised under I. suchieri Forel (itself raised to species), I. greensladei Shattuck is synonymised under I. purpureus, I. variscapus Shattuck is synonymised under I. bigi Shattuck, and I. meinerti Forel is synonymised under I. anceps Roger. Of the subspecies, I. anceps formosae Forel, I. anceps ignobilis Mann, I. rufoniger metallescens Emery, I. anceps sikkimensis Forel and I. anceps watsonii Forel are synonymised under I. anceps, Iridomyrmex bicknelli splendidus Forel is synonymised under I. bicknelli Emery, I. rufoniger fusciventris Forel is synonymised under I. brunneus Forel (itself raised to species), I. chasei concolor Forel and I. chasei yalgooensis Forel are synonymised under I. chasei Forel, I. rufoniger incertus Forel is synonymised under I. pallidus, I. rufoniger domesticus Forel and I. rufoniger septentrionalis Forel are synonymised under I. rufoniger Lowne, and I. mattiroloi parcens Forel is synonymised under I. victorianus. In addition to the five taxa mentioned above, the subspecies I. bicknelli azureus Viehmeyer, I. bicknelli brunneus Forel, I. mattiroloi continentis Forel, I. gracilis minor Forel, I. gracilis rubriceps Forel and I. gracilis spurcus Forel are raised to species. A single species, I. bicknelli luteus Forel, could not be identified and is treated as species inquirenda. A key to workers of the genus is supplied. Lectotypes are designated for I. brunneus Forel, I. chasei Forel, I. conifer Forel, I. discors Forel, I. minor Forel, I. mjobergi Forel, I. pallidus Forel, I. suchieri Forel and I. victorianus Forel. Neotypes are established for I. anceps (Roger), I. parcens Forel and I. rufoniger (Lowne). Five fossil species are considered to belong to Iridomyrmex, although only one of these is supported by rigorous morphological data. Four fossil species are regarded as incertae sedis within the genus. The following fossil-based species are removed from Iridomyrmex (all new combinations): geinitzi Mayr to Anonychomyrma, haueri Mayr to Dolichoderus, oblongiceps Wheeler to Eldermyrmex (gen. n.) and bogdassarovi Nazaraw, Bagdasaraw & Uriew to Liometopum.
New Antocha Osten Sacken (Diptera: Limoniidae) from Sichuan, China
Authors: MARKEVIČIŪTĖ RADVILĖ , PODENAS SIGITAS , SALDAITIS AIDAS
Published: May 2021

The short-palped crane fly, Antocha (Antocha) pulchra Markevičiūtė & Podenas sp. nov. is described from specimens collected in Sichuan, China. Antocha (A.) quadrifurca Alexander, 1971 is reported for the first time in China through our research efforts. This article includes illustrations of distinguishing morphological features, an updated checklist, a general distribution and an identification key to species of Antocha Osten Sacken from Sichuan, China.
Inventory Analytics
Authors: Rossi Roberto
Published: May 2021

Inventory Analytics provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the theory and practice of inventory control – a significant research area central to supply chain planning. The book outlines the foundations of inventory systems and surveys prescriptive analytics models for deterministic inventory control. It further discusses predictive analytics techniques for demand forecasting in inventory control and also examines prescriptive analytics models for stochastic inventory control.

Inventory Analytics is the first book of its kind to adopt a practicable, Python-driven approach to illustrating theories and concepts via computational examples, with each model covered in the book accompanied by its Python code. Originating as a collection of self-contained lectures, Inventory Analytics will be an indispensable resource for practitioners, researchers, teachers, and students alike.
Inventory Systems
Authors: Rossi Roberto
Published: May 2021

In this chapter, we first discuss key reasons for keeping inventory in supply chain management, and strategies that can be adopted to review inventory. We then introduce a simple inventory system to motivate our discussion, we illustrate what costs need to be considered while controlling inventory, and the impact of a supplier lead time on the inventory system.
Deterministic Inventory Control
Authors: Rossi Roberto
Published: May 2021

In this chapter, we discuss inventory control in a deterministic setting. We first discuss the cost factors that should be considered, and we show how to model and simulate the system running costs. We finally introduce prescriptive analytics models to determine the economic lot size under a variety of settings.
Stochastic Inventory Control
Authors: Rossi Roberto
Published: May 2021

In this chapter, we discuss inventory control in a stochastic setting. We first introduce the Newsvendor problem, which is the simplest possible stochastic inventory system that can be conceived. Then we survey service level constraints and penalty cost schemes that can be adopted for modelling stochastic inventory systems. Next, we show how to model and simulate a stochastic inventory system running costs. Equipped with these notions, we extend the Newsvendor problem to a multi-period setting. Central to stochastic inventory theory is the notion of control policy. A control policy is a rule that establishes when inventory should be reviewed and orders issued, and how large an order should be. The rest of this chapter is devoted to presenting a range of control policies that are commonly adopted in inventory control and that can be used to control a number of well-known inventory systems.
Multi-echelon Inventory Systems
Authors: Rossi Roberto
Published: May 2021

In this chapter, we briefly survey key aspects related to the control of multi-echelon inventory systems. These are systems in which multiple interconnected installations are present and must be controlled jointly. We first introduce serial systems and associated optimal control strategies; we show how to simulate these systems, and how to compute optimal policy parameters. Finally, we survey other possible multi-echelon inventory systems: assembly systems, distribution systems, and general systems.
Introduction
Authors: Rossi Roberto
Published: May 2021

In this Appendix, we provide relevant formal background on Poisson processes, Discrete Event Simulation, and Stochastic Dynamic Programming.
Planetary-wave induced strengthening of the AMOC forced by poleward intensified Southern Hemisphere westerly winds
Authors: Webb D. J. , Spence P. , Holmes R. M. , England M. H.
Published: May 2021

The Atlantic meridional overturning circulation (AMOC) plays a key role in determining the distribution of heat and nutrients in the global ocean. Climate models suggest that Southern Ocean winds will strengthen and shift poleward in the future, which could have implications for future AMOC trends. Using a coupled global-ocean sea-ice model at 1/4°horizontal resolution, we study the response of the North Atlantic overturning to two anomalous Southern Ocean wind-forcing (τ+15%), and a poleward intensification(). In both scenarios a strengthening in the North Atlantic overturning develops within a decade, with a much stronger response in the case. In , we find that the primary link between the North Atlantic response and the Southern Ocean forcing is via the propagation of baroclinic waves. In fact, due to the rapid northward propagation of these waves, changes in the AMOC in the case appear to originate in the North Atlantic and propagate southward, whereas in the τ+15% case AMOC anomalies propagate northward from the Southern Ocean. We find the difference to be predominately caused by the sign of the baroclinic waves propagating from the forcing region into the North Atlantic; downwelling in the τ+15% case, versus upwelling in the case. In the case, upwelling waves propagating into the NADW formation regions along shelf-slope topography bringing dense water to the surface. This reduces vertical density gradients leading to deeper wintertime convective overturn of surface waters, and an intensification of the AMOC.
Cooperation without Consensus: Brokering Resiliency with Boundary Objects
Authors: Eisenhauer David C.
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a case study of how boundary objects were deployed to support a collaborative knowledge production process that resulted in the creation of climate change knowledge usable to municipal governments in the New Jersey shore region. In doing so, a case is made that boundary objects are useful throughout the collaborative process in overcoming ambiguity and disagreement. This points to boundary objects possessing a wider array of capabilities than is frequently theorized in the climate policy literature. Effectively designing and using boundary objects, however, requires carefully considering how they interface and interact with one another.
A Comparison of Reliability Estimation Based on Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Exploratory Structural Equation Models
Authors: Fu Yuanshu , Wen Zhonglin , Wang Yang
Published: May 2021

Composite reliability, or coefficient omega, can be estimated using structural equation modeling. Composite reliability is usually estimated under the basic independent clusters model of confirmatory factor analysis (ICM-CFA). However, due to the existence of cross-loadings, the model fit of the exploratory structural equation model (ESEM) is often found to be substantially better than that of ICM-CFA. The present study first illustrated the method used to estimate composite reliability under ESEM and then compared the difference between ESEM and ICM-CFA in terms of composite reliability estimation under various indicators per factor, target factor loadings, cross-loadings, and sample sizes. The results showed no apparent difference in using ESEM or ICM-CFA for estimating composite reliability, and the rotation type did not affect the composite reliability estimates generated by ESEM. An empirical example was given as further proof of the results of the simulation studies. Based on the present study, we suggest that if the model fit of ESEM (regardless of the utilized rotation criteria) is acceptable but that of ICM-CFA is not, the composite reliability estimates based on the above two models should be similar. If the target factor loadings are relatively small, researchers should increase the number of indicators per factor or increase the sample size.