bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FBG Monitoring of a Communication Paths and Roadways with a Geosynthetic Systems on Mining Heaps
Authors: Juraszek Janusz , Gwozdz-Lason Monika , Gago Filip , Bulko Roman
Published: May 2023

In civil engineering geosynthetics play the role of reinforcing the ground and strengthening the foundation structures of engineering facilities. This paper shows the possibility of using a geotextile, a geonet and a geogrid for the design of walking, cycle and quad-bike paths in the investigated mine waste dump sites. The functions of the solutions designed for linear investments in areas affected by mining activity and rehabilitated into a sports and recreation area must be monitored. The paper discusses the scope and the method of FBG monitoring, the data of which illustrate the behaviour of structures with embedded geosynthetic materials with regard to variables such as the structure service life and durability and the need to meet all limit states. The impact of the choice of designs with geosynthetics in sustainable development can be quantified in terms of the carbon footprint. A site-rehabilitation working design can also be analysed economically by estimating the market, investment and replacement values of a construction investment. In addition to key technical aspects, the discussed solutions in anthropogenic areas also ensure significant sustainable development of the Benefits system.
Analysis of the association between anxiety, depression and obesity in individuals with metabolic syndrome
Authors: das Virgens Silva Jamile , Coutinho-Lima Claubert Radames O. , Brandao Najara Amaral , dos Santos Luama Araujo , Dias Vanessa Cristina , Correa Aiala Brito , de Almeida Daniela Oliveira , Conceicao Gildasio , Florence Thais Costa Machado , de Almeida Amanda Galvao , Araujo Edilene Maria Queiroz
Published: May 2023

Objective. The aim of this study was to verify the association between anxiety, depression, and obesity in metabolic syndrome (MetS) patients.

Methods. It is a retrospective study with 142 volunteers with MetS of both genders and age ≥20 years. Every subject responded to the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Data are shown as absolute and relative frequencies for categorical variables and a Pearson’s chi-square test was performed to verify the association between anxiety or depression and body mass index (BMI). The value of p≤0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results. The frequency of anxiety and depression was 18.3% (n=26) and 12% (n=17), respectively. There was no significant association between anxiety or depression and BMI (p=0.481 and 0.079, respectively) in individuals with MetS.

Conclusions. Although no association among anxiety, depression and obesity was found, the psychological factors should be added to the MetS treatment contributing to a more effective health care in order to find answers to manage and adhere to the conducts carried out from a more humanized and transdisciplinary perspective. The data also indicate that large sample and case-control methodology are required to obtain a more specific evaluation of this association.
Functional transposition of TILL and UNTIL from a diachronic perspective
Authors: Kovbasko Yurii
Published: May 2023

The research traces the development of functional transposition of TILL and UNTIL in English. The study covers 16 historical periods and is based on 1,243 examples extracted from the writings from 850 to 1710, which are analyzed without resorting to any corpus software; 2,225 examples from 1710 to 1920, which are automatically tagged utilizing the corpus toolbox Lancsbox; and the statistical data on 127,544 examples over the period of 1920–2020. It is hypothesized that despite being synonyms and representatives of the same grammatical categories of prepositions and conjunctions in modern English, the lexical units TILL and UNTIL were initially formed as prepositions and later, following their own transpositional patterns, they were transposed into conjunctions.
Numerical Analysis of Turbulent Flow over a Backward-facing Step in an Open Channel
Authors: Saleem Bala Kawa M. , Mustafa Andam , Kareem Dalshad Ahmed , Yuce Mehmet Ishak , Szydłowski Michał , Al-Ansari Nadhir
Published: May 2023

Computational examinations of the flow field in an open channel having a single Backward--Facing Step (BFS) with a constant water depth of 1.5 m were performed. The e ects of the expansion ratio, and the flow velocity along the reattachment length, were investigated by employing two di erent expansion ratios of 1.5 and 2, and eight various flow velocities of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7.5 and 10 m/sec in the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations. Commercially available CFD software, ANSYS FLUENT, was used for calculations. The simulation outcomes were verified using experimental results. Moreover, analyses were performed by using two equation turbulence closure models, K-ɛ family (standard, RNG and realizable), and K-ω family (Wilcox’s and SST K-ω). The analyses have revealed that the reattachment length increases with an increase in the expansion ratio, the flow velocity and the Reynolds number. The results obtained for two expansion rates and eight di erent flow velocities have shown insignificant di erences between one turbulence closure model and the others. Furthermore, it was observed that both velocity and expansion ratios have an e ect on the reattachment zone size.
Seismic Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Frame Using Shake Table Test
Authors: Arastu M. , Moin K.
Published: May 2023

Recently, the reinforced cement concrete (RCC) frame has been one of the most commonly used structural systems for buildings in the high seismic region due to its inherent earthquake-resistant property. However, there is still a deficiency in understanding the RCC building structural system dynamic behaviour during significant earthquakes. A 1/4th scaled RCC framed building structure has been tested on the shake table in the present study. The response in terms of engineering parameters like natural time period, damping, story acceleration, and damage pattern have been reported. The 1940 EL-Centro (NS component) time history has been used for the study. The failure patterns were observed within the column-beam joints. The difference between the input signal and the output signal has been noted and found to be in good agreement with each other.
Problems of as-Built Inventories of Commercial Service Facilities
Authors: Gębka Bernarda , Buda A. S. , Maciuk K
Published: May 2023

Paper concerns problems of as-built geodetic inventory of a commercial-service facility with connections (water, sanitary, rainwater drainage, electricity and telecommunications). The facility has a built-up area of more than 3,700 m2 and is located on two registered lands. The inventory was carried out using a GNSS receiver, tacheometer and leveller, and using methods: indentation, orthogonal and geometric levelling. The paper also compares the inventory of the selected building with that of a single-family house. The main differences include, first and foremost, the timing of the survey, the technique, the equipment used and the labour costs.
Oradea’s 1900s Industrial Structures Behaviour
Authors: Prada Hanga-Fărcaş Ioana-Francesca , Bungău C. C. , Scurt Adriana Aurelia , Durgheu Anca , Pescaru A.H. , Prada Marcela-Florina
Published: May 2023

The paper brings to attention the industrial buildings from the 1900s through two case studies of high-rise buildings for the period in which they were built. The study is done by analyzing the resistance structure of two buildings built around the 1880s and their behavior over time. The destiny of these very valuable buildings from a historical, architectural and structural point of view is regarded as a motivation for the authors for the elaboration of the present paper. One of the studied buildings has been dismantled, while for the second one, the owners are allocating funding for structural rehabilitation in order to maintain it, in parallel with the re-conversion, modernization and expansion of the building. For valuable buildings and historic monument buildings, maintenance activity is particularly important in order to prevent structural degradation. It is especially important to pass on the historical legacy to future generations, therefore its structural strengthening and rehabilitation must take precedence over financial implications.
Leaf wettability and plant surface water storage for common wetland species of the Biebrza peatlands (northeast Poland)
Authors: Papierowska Ewa , Sikorska Daria , Szporak-Wasilewska Sylwia , Kleniewska Małgorzata , Berezowski Tomasz , Chormański Jarosław , Debaene Guillaume , Szatyłowicz Jan
Published: May 2023

Wetlands play a crucial role in buffering the effects of climate change. At the same time, they are one of the most endangered ecosystems on the globe. The knowledge of the water cycle and energy exchange is crucial for the practical preservation and exploiting their capabilities. Leaf wettability is an important parameter characterising the plant's ability to retain water on its surface, and is linked to the ecosystems' hydrological and ecological functioning. This research investigates the relationship between leaves' wettability based on contact angle measurements and water storage capacity (interception) for wetland vegetation. We performed the study for ten common plant species collected from Biebrza peatlands (Poland). We used CAM100 goniometer for the wetting contact angle measurements on the leaves' surface, and the weighing method for the plant surface water storage determination. The wetland plants' initial contact angle values ranged from 64.7° to 139.5° and 62.4° to 134.0° for the leaves' adaxial and abaxial parts, respectively. The average plant surface water storage was equal to 0.31 g·g−1, and values ranged from 0.09 to 0.76 g·g−1. The leaf hydrophobicity contributes to the amount of retained water. With increasing average contact angle, the amount of water retained on the plant decreased.
Alterations in aggregate characteristics of thermally heated water-repellent soil aggregates under laboratory conditions
Authors: Perera H. T. M. , Leelamanie D. A. L. , Maeda Morihiro , Mori Yasushi
Published: May 2023

The heat generated during wildfires modifies soil characteristics, including soil water repellency (SWR) and the water stability of aggregates, which are known to be interrelated. SWR lowers the rate of water entry into aggregates, minimizing aggregate disruption and subsequent erosion. This study aimed to examine these aggregate characteristics (SWR, water stability of aggregates) of thermally heated water-repellent soil aggregates under laboratory conditions. Water-repellent aggregates were collected from Eucalyptus grandis forest soil separately from four soil depths (0–5, 5–10, 10–15, and 15–20 cm) with varying initial repellency levels. Using an automated programmable muffle furnace, aggregates were separately exposed to three heating temperatures, T
H (150, 200, 250 °C), three rates of heating (speed of rising temperature to reach relevant T
H), R
H (200, 400, 800 °C h−1), and three durations of exposure to relevant T
H, E
D (30, 60, 120 min). The molarity of an ethanol droplet test was used to measure the contact angle (contact angle>90°). The water drop penetration time (WDPT) was also measured. The SWR of aggregates declined with the increasing T
H and E
D. All aggregates were wettable once exposed to 250 °C. At the lowest T
H and E
D (150 °C, 30 min), the contact angle was <90° only in the least repellent aggregates collected from 10–15 and 15–20 cm depths. Although R
H indicated the least influence on the measured parameters, the slowest R
H (200 °C h−1) caused a comparatively greater decline in SWR. Water stability of aggregates increased with heating irrespective of decreasing SWR. Further investigations on heat-induced changes in organic compounds at molecular levels would be necessary to understand the theories for the behavior of aggregates.
Influence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on water storage capacity of two lichens species
Authors: Klamerus-Iwan Anna , Kozłowski Rafał , Sadowska-Rociek Anna , Słowik-Opoka Ewa , Kupka Dawid , Giordani Paolo , Porada Philipp , Van Stan John T.
Published: May 2023

The wide variability in functional traits that enable the cosmopolitan distribution of lichens often includes the water storage capacity, S, of their thallus. Lichen S in forest canopies can be large enough to intercept and evaporate significant amounts of rainwater, contributing to the runoff-reduction ecosystem services provided by urban forests; however, S is likely influenced by the presence of air pollutants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) in urban areas. PAHs, being both chemically hydrophobic and damaging to lichen thalli, are expected to reduce lichens’ S and, thereby, limit their contribution to hydrologic ecoservices of urban forests. Hence, the relationship between PAH accumulation and rainwater uptake was examined for two lichen species, common in urban forests around the world – Platismatia glauca and Pseudevernia furfuracea. Samples were collected from an area of low air pollution and another area in a highly urbanized city centre with high air pollution exposure (Kraków, Poland). Lichen S was determined using laboratory-simulated rainfall. PAH bioaccumulation differed between species and among the samples from clean and polluted environments. After exposure to polluted air, the concentration of PAHs was higher in P. glauca than P. furfuracea. Samples from the non-urban setting, however, showed no differences between the two species. In the case of P. glauca, S decreased from 35.8% in samples from clean environment to 8.3% after six months of exposure in the urban setting. The respective S values for P. furfuracea were 25.4% and 12.4%. Results strongly suggest that PAH exposure reduces S in both lichen species.

The obtained results are important both in ecohydrology and microclimatology and are part of the research on the condition of urban forests.
Profiling the Management of Organised Crime: Evidence of a Qualitative Research
Authors: David Costin-Dan , Dumitraşcu Dănuț-Dumitru
Published: May 2023

The current paper deals with a rarely studied subject in the Romanian academic field, that of developing a profile of organized crime entities. The aim of the paper is to present the findings of a qualitative indepth-interview based research that was designed (using 11 specific objectives and 15 interviews) to identify how criminal entities are organized in the sense of structure, communication, hierarchy levels, member recruitment etc. The qualitative research was applied to law enforcement employees, prosecutors (former and active ones) and active and former members of organized crime that can help achieve the research objectives. Being structured in several sections (literature review, research methodology, research findings, conclusions and discussions) the current article represents the first step in understanding the way criminal entities are being organized and if the organizational method and management style mach that of economic (legal organized) entities. The results of the research and using as backround the literature review, have generated several interesting future hypothesis regarding the organization of criminal entities that can and are being tested with the help of a quantitative research method in an attempt to identify the best methods and strategies that the law enforcement entities can use to combat illegal activities.
Macroeconomic Determinants of Insurance Companies’ Financial Stability: The Case of the Czech Republic
Authors: Palečková Iveta , Přečková Lenka
Published: May 2023

The study assesses the determinants of the financial stability of the Czech commercial insurance companies within the period 2004-2019. The eight macroeconomic determinants of the financial stability of insurance are analysed for both insurers, i.e., with predominated life and non-life insurance. The generalized method of moments is used for empirical analysis. The results show four macroeconomic variables were statistically significant determinants of financial stability in the case of non-life insurers and three determinants influenced the financial stability of life insurers. The study concludes that the determinants of the financial stability of non-life insurers were different that in the case of life insurers. Moreover, the impact of several determinants is also different in case life and non-life insurers in the Czech Republic.
Evaluation of the prospects for using artificial intelligence technologies to analyze CT scans of the chest organs in order to identify signs of malignant neoplasms in the lungs
Authors: Pilius P. S. , Drokin I. S. , Bazhenova D. A. , Makovskaya L. A. , Sinitsyn V. E.
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the study. To analyze the possibility of using artificial intelligence as a decision support system for radiologists for pulmonary nodules detection on Chest CT before and during the COVID-19 pandemic on the example of the system Botkin.AI.

Materials and methods. Two groups of Chest CT studies were identified: those performed before (group 1) and during the COVID-19 pandemic (group 2). Each group contains anonymized CT data of 150 patients. Chest CT scans for group 2 were selected based on the percentage of coronavirus lung damage from 0 to 25%. The research was analyzed by the artificial intelligence system Botkin. AI for the presence of peripheral pulmonary nodes up to 6 mm, followed by a “blind” check of the analysis results by three radiologists.

Results. In group 1, the sensitivity of the method was 1.0; specificity – 0.88 and AUC – 0.94. In the 2nd group 0.93; 0.81 and 0.86, respectively.

In group 2, a slight decrease in specificity is mainly associated with an increase in false positive results in the pulmonary opcities, as manifestations of coronavirus lung damage, taken by the AI model for pulmonary nodes.

Conclusion. The platform has a high accuracy of detecting pulmonary nodules on computed tomography of the chest both in studies conducted before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. It can be useful to prevent possible omissions of important findings in conditions of increased workload for radiologists.
Application of perfusion computed tomography in renal diseases (review of literature)
Authors: Lomonosova E. V. , Golbits A. B. , Rubtsova N. A. , Alekseev B. Ya. , Kaprin A. D.
Published: May 2023

Purpose. To analyze the literature data on the use of CT perfusion in kidney diseases and to assess the future prospects of using the technique in clinical practice.

Materials and methods. In electronic databases (PubMed, E-library, Web of Science, Google Scholar), a search was conducted for published studies evaluating the possibilities of using CT perfusion in both neoplastic and non-neoplastic kidney diseases. The article analyzes the results of 40 most relevant works of Russian and foreign researchers devoted to this topic.

Results. According to the analysis of the data obtained, perfusion CT is an effective diagnostic tool in oncology: the technique allows noninvasively assessing the nature of the tumour, including differentiating benign nodes (fat-poor angiomyolipoma and oncocytoma) from renal cell carcinoma; to establish the histological variant of renal cell carcinoma and Fuhrman grade, to characterize the effectiveness of ablative techniques and systemic treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Based on the correlation of CT kidney perfusion data and the results of various methods for determining organ function, the possibility of using perfusion CT as one of the prognostic factors for determining the tactics of treatment of patients with obstructive uropathies, aortomesenteric compression, and also shows the potential of using the technique in transplantology both in patients after surgery and during the examination of donors.

Conclusions. Despite the fact that the role of CT kidney perfusion in various fields of urology and nephrology has been sufficiently studied, some important aspects of the likely application of this technique remain underestimated. Taking into account the high incidence rates and a significant percentage of localized forms of tumors, the study of the role of CT perfusion in planning and evaluating the results of nephron-sparing treatment of renal cell carcinoma may open up new prospects in optimizing surgical tactics.
Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in deep gray matter as a neurodegeneration marker in relapsing-remitting and secondary-progressive multiple sclerosis
Authors: Matrosova M. S. , Bryukhov V. V. , Popova E. V. , Belskaya G. N. , Krotenkova M. V.
Published: May 2023

Purpose. The aim of the study was to investigate changes in iron distribution in the brain of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique – quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) – in comparison with clinical data.

Materials and methods. Three groups of patients were included in this prospective study: 47 patients with relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS), 20 patients with secondary progressive MS (SPMS) and 39 healthy controls. For all patients we collected clinical data, including history of present illness (H&P) and disability degree, and performed brain MRI followed by QSM maps obtaining and assessing relative magnetic susceptibility in subcortical structures.

Results. We found an increase in magnetic susceptibility in the heads of the caudate nuclei and in putamen in patients with SPMS as compared to RRMS. At the same time, a decrease in magnetic susceptibility in the thalamic pulvinar was detected in patients with MS in the long term, but a sharp hyperintensity in conjunction with decreasing volume was observed in some patients.

Conclusion. Increased magnetic susceptibility on the QSM in subcortical structures of the brain, reflecting iron content, is more typical for patients with SPMS, which may indicate the prognostic value of these changes.
DINAMIKA KEPARTAIAN DI INDONESIA PADA MASA PEMERINTAHAN HINDIA BELANDA
Authors: Sodikin Sodikin
Published: May 2023

Sejarah ketatanegaraan Indonesia dalam hal sistem kepartaian pada masa pemerintahan Hindia Belanda telah memberikan bukti bahwa dinamikan kepartaian pada masa tersebut adalah sistem multi partai. Permasalahan adalah bagaimana dasar hukum adanya partai politik pada masa pemerintahan tersebut dan sistem kepartaian dalam kehidupan ketatanegaraan. Untuk mengurai permasalahn tersebut, penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan deskriptif-normatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahirnya partai politik pada masa pemerintahan jajahan tidak mempunyai dasar hukum yang kuat, karena pemeirntah HIndia Belanda melarang kegiatan organisasi politik. Adanya dasar hukum yang dibuat oleh pemerintah Hindia Belanda adalah kebebasan untuk berpendapat dan berorganisasi sosial. Melalui peraturan tentang kebebasan berpendapat dan berorganisasi tersebut, maka lahirnya beberapa organisasi sosial seperti Budi Utomo, Serikat Dagang Islam, dan lainnya yang kemudian organisasi tersebut menjadi organisasi politik, sehingga dikenal pada masa itu dengan partai politik. Berbagai aliran ideologi yang berkembang pada saat itu melahirkan banyak partai politik. Di sinilah awal mulanya di Indonesia hingga sekarang ini dikenal menganut sistem multi partai.Kata Kunci: Sejarah Hukum, Multi Partai, dan Ketatanegaraan.The history of Indonesian constitutionalism in terms of the party system during the reign of the Dutch East Indies has provided evidence that the party dynamics at that time was a multi-party system. The problem is what is the legal basis for the existence of political parties during the reign and the party system in constitutional life. To unravel these problems, this study uses a descriptive-normative approach. The results of the study show that the emergence of political parties during the colonial government did not have a strong legal basis, because the Dutch East Indies government prohibited the activities of political organizations. The existence of a legal basis made by the Dutch East Indies government was freedom of opinion and social organization. Through the regulation on freedom of opinion and organization, several social organizations were born such as Budi Utomo, Islamic Trade Unions, and others which later became political organizations, so they were known at that time as political parties. Various ideological currents that developed at that time gave birth to many political parties. This is where it started in Indonesia until now it is known to adhere to a multi-party system.Keywords: History of Law, Multi-Party, and State Administration.
Clinical Characteristics of Acute Kidney Injury in Covid-19 Patients
Authors: Nisrina Nada , Wibowo Resna Murti
Published: May 2023

Background: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is one of the infectious diseases that exist in Indonesia. Not only infects the lungs, but this virus can also infect other organs such as the kidneys. In addition, the process of viral infection causes cell hypermetabolism, which can increase the workload of the kidneys in excreting metabolic waste. In the end, the damage caused by the virus can cause Acute Kidney Injury (AKI). It is necessary to know the prevalence and characteristics of this event. Purposes: This study aims to provide an overview of AKI's prevalence and clinical features in COVID-19 patients. Methods: This was a descriptive study that used patient medical records for the period April-September 2021. The univariate analysis data showed a characteristic frequency distribution of age, gender, comorbidity, hospitalization duration, and urea creatinine rate. Results: The incoming samples based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria were 44 samples. In COVID-19 patients, complications of AKI were found in adults, as much as 68.2% of both men and women had a percentage of 50%, the most common comorbid was hypertension 30.8% with a hospitalization duration of 1-10 days 43.2% and an average increase in urea 79.68 mg/dL and creatinine average 2,859 mg/dL. Conclusion: Based on patient characteristics, the results showed that more COVID-19 patients with acute kidney injury complications occurred in adult patients, with no difference in prevalence between males and females, with comorbid hypertension and length of hospitalization less than ten days.
Biological Activities of Tetrahydroisoquinolines Derivatives
Authors: Jordaan Maryam A. , Ebenezer Oluwakemi
Published: May 2023

1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinoline (THIQ) is a common scaffold of many alkaloids isolated from several plants and mammalian species. THIQ derivatives possess a broad spectrum of biological activities, including antitumor, antitubercular, antitrypanosomal, antibacterial, anti-HIV, anti-inflammatory, anti-Alzheimer, and anticonvulsant ones.Aim. To cover updated studies on the biological properties of THIQ derivatives, as well as their structure-activity relationship (SAR), in order to highlight the effect of diverse functional groups responsible for the manifestation of the desired activity.Results and discussion. We have presented the review on biological activities of THIQ. The SAR studies show that the electron-donating, electron-withdrawing and some heterocyclic functional groups on the backbone plays a vital role in modulating the biological potential of the compounds synthesized.Conclusions. This review will help pharmaceutical researchers to synthesize novel and potent compounds containing THIQ scaffold.
Review of pediatric education in medical schools of Recife and metropolitan region: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Silva Germanna , Lima Luana , Paredes Camila , Pinheiro Maria , Berenguer Mariana , Dantas Jéssica , Nascimento Jeddson , Santos Carmina , Lima Eduardo
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVES: To describe the curricular matrices of pediatrics teaching in the medical schools of the city of Recife and metropolitan region, analyzing their adequacy in relation to the national guidelines. METHODS: Cross-sectional study. Data collection was done through a standardized form and the information provided by the coordinators or the teachers in a face-to-face interview. We dealt with aspects related to the hours of undergraduate and pediatric teaching activities; the moment of insertion of pediatrics in the curriculum grid and practical learning scenarios. The sample was composed by the six medical schools. RESULTS: The legal nature of the institutions was as follows: federal public 1/6, state public 1/6, and private 4/6. As for the hours of medical school, all schools had a workload of more than 7,000 hours and the workload allocated to pediatrics ranged from 601 to over 1,000 hours. The first contact of students with pediatrics occurred in the first year of the course in four of the institutions, while in others, is introduced at the second and the third year. All institutions carry out the evaluation of clinical knowledge in the first four years of the undergraduate course. CONCLUSION: It was verified that the teaching of pediatrics developed in the medical schools evaluated presents differences in the workload, although the majority ends up contemplating the objectives of the national curricular guidelines. The increase in the workload of pediatrics was related to the implementation of the family health strategy.
COVID-19 and its manifestations in children: a literature review
Authors: Lacotis Ana Flávia , Oliveira Ana Clara , Rodrigues Carolina , Sardenberg Rodrigo
Published: May 2023

Coronavirus disease is a global public health challenge. Due to its high rate of mutation to adapt to the host, the virus can cause serious human diseases, including in children. The article is a literature review using research on COVID-19 in children, published in the PubMed and Medline database, between November 2019 to March 2021. The clinical signs are similar to other childhood respiratory diseases, and may progress to dyspnea, vomiting, diarrhea, lethargy, cough, and fever. On pediatric chest tomography, we found multiple irregular bilateral opacities in ground glass, which can be sparse and irregular, and/or infiltrate the middle third or periphery of the lung or subpleural. Given the diversity of symptoms and most research on COVID-19 with an adult focus, health services need to improve specific treatment plans to treat pediatric patients infected with the virus.
Migración y seguridad hemisférica en las Américas
Authors: Cerón-Rincón Alejandra , Barrientos-Martínez Brandon René
Published: May 2023

Migración y seguridad hemisférica en las Américas evidencia una serie de reflexiones sobre cómo las olas migratorias no son solo una problemática que llama la atención desde el punto de vista de los derechos humanos y el origen político y económico que las motiva, sino que también hacen parte de un fenómeno complejo que posee una relación profunda con la criminalidad en sus diversas caracterizaciones. Estas olas migratorias se convierten en una amenaza a la seguridad nacional y humana, recreando actividades que revictimizan al migrante y potencian las economías ilegales y la trata de personas, en un contexto en que las fronteras aparecen como el lugar más atractivo para acentuar los comportamientos criminales, deviniendo en un desafío multidimensional para el Estado, sus instituciones y las capacidades de la Fuerza Pública. Tal es el escenario en que este texto encuentra su principal valor y aporte, como una forma de aproximación a los diversos factores de la criminalidad a partir de la importancia de la relación entre la migración y el crimen organizado, teniendo en cuenta su impacto en la seguridad nacional y regional en las Américas.
Treatment of Chitosan Modified-composite Polyamide Membranes by Sodium Hypochlorite for Enhancing Antifouling Property
Authors: Quan Duong Xuan , Phuong Nguyen Ngoc Linh , Huong Lai Thi Mai , Ham Nguyen Pham , Dung Tran Thi , Thu Ngo Hong Anh
Published: May 2023

To enhance the antifouling resistance, this study modified commercial thin-film composite polyamide membranes with chitosan by redox-initiated graft polymerization process before treating the modified membrane’s surface using sodium hypochlorite. The surfaces of the modified membranes were characterized using field emission scanning electron microscopy, and attenuated total reflection - Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The membranes’ performance and fouling resistance were shown through flux, retention, and maintained flux ratios during the filtration of calcium chloride solution. In addition, the antibacterial ability of membranes was evaluated through the growth of bacteria on their surface, and the anti-biofouling resistance of these membranes was evaluated through the maintained flux ratios, irreversible antifouling factor, and flux after 90-minute filtration of actual river water. The results showed that the modified membrane had superior antibacterial ability compared to the original membrane. Additionally, although the flux was reduced slightly, the modified membrane treated with NaClO exhibited a remarkable improvement in the maintained flux ratios (up to 99%) and the irreversible antifouling factor (~ 100%). This is similar to the filtration of actual river water, the chitosan-grafted polyamide membrane after NaClO treatment was shown to be more effective than the unmodified membrane in reducing the fouling phenomenon.
Frequency and Amplification for Assessing site Effects and PVS in the Padang City Railway
Authors: Pohan M.Si Ahmad Fauzi , Pujiastuti Dwi , Syarah Nadila , Annisa Nurul
Published: May 2023

The train uses a special line in the form of railroad tracks that produce vibrations during movement. This study aims to determine the type of soil layer and the peak particle velocity due to the train around the Padang City train line. The acquisition was carried out at 8 points with a recording duration of 65 minutes using three geophone components. Microtremor data was analyzed using horizontal to vertical spectral ratio (HVSR) method. The results show that the research area has a type of surface layer of soil is sediment with a thickness of 30 meters or more. This is indicated by the dominant frequency value ranging from 0.64 Hz – 1.67 Hz. The research area has an amplification value ranging from 0.85 to 1.29. The train vibration has a dominant frequency ranging from 2.20 Hz – 13.54 Hz and an amplification of 1.11 – 1.82. The particle velocity values ​​obtained from the PVS values ​​ranged from 0.1605 mm/s – 0.7592 mm/s. The research area can be categorized as safe from train vibrations because of the low amplification value and the PVS value which is below the safe limit (<3 mm/s) according to SNI 7571:2010.
Nilai IC50 Ekstrak dan Fraksi Daun Benalu Kersen terhadap Enzim Xantin Oksidase
Authors: Sinulingga Sadakata , Ng Muniaty Sulam , Subandrate Subandrate , Oswari Liniyanti D.
Published: May 2023

Kersen atau inang tanaman benalu kersen (Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq) telah terbukti dapat menurunkan asam urat karena mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder terutama flavonoid, sebuah senyawa berstruktur mirip xantin yang menginhibisi xantin oksidase secara kompetitif. Mengingat bahwa hemiparasit memiliki kandungan yang sama dengan inang, maka pada penelitian ini diuji kemampuan daun benalu kersen dalam menginhibisi xantin oksidase. Dilakukan ekstraksi etil asetat kemudian dilanjutkan dengan fraksinasi menggunakan 5 jenis rasio perbandingan pelarut polar etanol dan etil asetat yaitu F1 = 9:1, F2 = 7:3, F3 = 5:5, F4 = 3:7, dan F5 = 1:9. Hasil fraksinasi (F1 – F5) dan ekstrak dilakukan uji fitokimia dan teridentifikasi senyawa metabolit terpenoid, tanin, alkaloid dan flavonoid. Penelitian dilanjutkan dengan uji inhibisi xantin oksidase. Ekstrak dan fraksi daun benalu kersen diencerkan menjadi 5 konsentrasi yang berbeda yaitu 75; 150; 300; 600; dan 1200 mg/L. Kontrol positif pada penelitian ini adalah allopurinol, obat pilihan utama hiperurisemia. Nilai absorbansi setiap sampel digunakan untuk mencari persentase inhibisi enzim yang kemudian dianalisis secara regresi linear dan diperoleh nilai IC50. Nilai IC50 F1 – F5 dan ekstrak etil asetat daun benalu kersen tergolong sangat aktif dan secara berurutan sebesar 1,38 mg/L; 1,14 mg/L; 6,19 mg/L; 9,41 mg/L; 5,90 mg/L dan 9,86 mg/L.
Optimasi Formula Emulgel Vitamin C dengan Pendekatan Simplex Lattice Design
Authors: Taufik Irfan Imam , Soewandhi Sundani Nurono , Nugraha Yuda Prasetya
Published: May 2023

Vitamin C dalam bidang kosmetik memiliki banyak manfaat termasuk sebagai antioksidan. Akan tetapi sediaan vitamin C mudah teroksidasi dan mengalami perubahan warna sehingga perlu ditambahkan penstabil yang mampu menjaga kestabilan vitamin C selama pemakaian dan penyimpanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer  dan natrium metabisulfit  terhadap karaktiristik emulgel vitamin C serta menentukan formula emulgel yang optimum melalui pendekatan Design of Experiment (DOE) dengan metode  Simplex Lattice Design. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel konsentrasi hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer  dan natrium metabisulfit  memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap viskositas (P<0,05), pengujian kesukaan aroma (P<0,05), pengujian tekstur (P<0,05) dan kestabilan formula (P<0,05). Akan kedua bahan tersebut tetapi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap nilai pH (P>0,05). Formulasi optimum dihasilkan dengan penambahan adalah 2,305% hydroxyethyl acrylate/sodium acryloyldimethyl taurate copolymer  dan 0,194 % natrium metabisulfit  dengan nilai desirability 0,633. Formula ini  memenuhi kriteria sediaan yang cukup baik, namun perlu dilakukan perbaikan aroma untuk meningkatkan penilaian kesukaan.
Pembentukan dan Karakterisasi Dispersi Padat Kandesartan Sileksetil-HPMC dengan Teknik Solvent Co-Evaporation
Authors: Jessica Adhitya , Sari Elvita , Yenti Revi , Zaini Erizal
Published: May 2023

Candesartan cilexetil (CC) merupakan agen antihipertensi yang sangat efektif tetapi memiliki kelarutan yang buruk sehingga bioavailabilitasnya terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan CC terdisolusi melalui pembuatan dispersi padat dengan hidroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Dispersi padat CC-HPMC dibuat menjadi 3 formula, yaitu 2:1, 1:1 dan 1:2 (b/b) menggunakan metode solvent co-evaporation. CC tunggal, campuran fisik dan dispersi padat yang terbentuk kemudian dikarakterisasi secara fisikokimia dan pengaruh variasi konsentrasi HPMC diselidiki terhadap laju disolusi. Hasil PXRD menunjukkan penurunan intensitas puncak pada dispersi padat. Analisis termal dengan DSC memperlihatkan titik leleh yang lebih rendah pada dispersi padat. Morfologi dispersi padat menggambarkan bentuk yang berbeda dibandingkan dengan CC tunggal dan campuran fisik. Spektrum inframerah menunjukkan sedikit pergeseran pada bilangan gelombang gugus fungsi tetapi tidak terbentuk gugus fungsi baru. Disolusi dispersi padat meningkat secara signifikan, hasil uji disolusi setelah 60 menit masing-masing untuk CC tunggal, campuran fisik, dispersi padat F1, F2, dan F3 adalah 32,46 ± 0,26; 67,76 ± 0,07; 61,22 ± 0,20; 71,74 ± 0,20; dan 78,58 ± 020 (μg/ml). Kesimpulannya, sistem dispersi padat CC-HPMC mampu memodifikasi sifat fisikokimia dan meningkatkan disolusi hingga 2,42 kali CC tunggal. Selain itu, peningkatan konsentrasi HPMC berdampak positif pada peningkatan CC yang terdisolusi.
Referential Expression Type and Definiteness as Factors in Asymmetrical Object Marking in Modern Hebrew
Authors: Alexeeva Maria
Published: May 2023

The subject of this study are the referential expressions that encode the O-participant in a transitive clause in the Modern Hebrew language. The goal of this study is to establish the significance of “definiteness” as a factor in asymmetric object marking for different types of referential expressions used by the Modern Hebrew speakers. For this purpose, the author considers the ways of expressing the category "definiteness" in various Modern Hebrew referential expressions that encode the O-participant in a transitive clause, and carries out a quantitative and comparative analysis of the ways of formalizing these expressions, using two research corpuses with a total volume of about 101 000 words. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that, despite the clear correlation between the “definiteness” and the way noun phrases in the direct object role are constructed, “definiteness” is the only factor licensing asymmetric object marking for only one category out of the four considered, for proper names that are obligatorily marked. The remaining categories (definite noun phrases with other indicators of determination, indefinite noun phrases and pronouns) are all optionally marked within one or more types of referential expressions within each category. Of particular importance are the conclusions about the optional marking of referents encoded with the kol quantifier (55% of referential expressions with a quantifier and a relative pronoun are marked), partitive constructions (75% are marked), demonstrative and relative pronouns (48% and 66-85% are marked, respectively). It is proposed that for these types of referential expressions, there are additional factors that license asymmetric object marking in Modern Hebrew and that to determine them it would require further study of the discourse-pragmatic characteristics of referent-encoding expressions, including their referential status, status of animation, activity in discourse and degree of topicality.
Structural and semantic features of verbs of interpersonal relations in Russian and Chinese
Authors: Li Xiuyu
Published: May 2023

The subject of the study is the structural and semantic features of verbs expressing interpersonal relationships in two different-structured Russian and Chinese languages. The purpose of the work is to provide a comparative description of the structure of verbs and their semantic features, as well as to identify the specifics of grammatical categories and compare the word-formation types of verbs in two languages. The following methods were used in this article: descriptive method, comparative method and component analysis method. From the point of view of the structural-semantic approach, the verbal vocabulary of the Russian and Chinese languages expressing interpersonal relations still remains insufficiently studied, so research in the field of verb semantics is relevant. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the fact that for the first time the common and unique features of the analyzed verbs are considered in comparison. It is shown that an important feature of Russian verbs is that they have many forms of word change with different meanings, whereas in Chinese the verb has no forms of word change and semantic diversity. The results of the research can be used in the process of teaching lecture courses on comparative lexicology of Russian and Chinese languages; when reading special courses in cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, intercultural communication. The conclusion of this research is that compared with Russian verbs, which are characterized by a wealth and variety of affixes, Chinese verbs do not have possibilities of word formation for expressing different grammatical meanings. These various structural and semantic features of Russian and Chinese verbs complicate the understanding of the text and create significant difficulties in translation, as well as in the practice of teaching these languages as foreign.
THE INFLUENCE OF LEADERSHIP, ORGANIZATIONAL CAPACITY DEVELOPMENT COMMITMENT, INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY ON IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE SUPPORTING SYSTEMS AND PROFESSIONAL HUMAN RESOURCE COMPETENCY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE HUMAN CAPITAL DEV
Authors: Zaldhy Kukuh , Supriyatno Budi
Published: May 2023

Influence of improving the support system and developing the competence of professional human resources through the provision of the Human Capital Development Plan (HCDP) Roadmap at the Secretariat General of DPD RI is the extent to which leadership, organizational capabilities, information and communication technology support employee performance systems and affect performance employees and professional human resource competencies, in devoting skills, knowledge, skills, energy and time where work motivation expects rewards from companies that can satisfy their need. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the effect of Work Leadership, organizational capabilities, information and communication technology supporting employee performance systems and influencing employee performance and professional human resource competence in the provision of HCDP at the Secretariat General of DPD RI. The analysis tool in this study uses a quantitative analysis approach, which is an approach to test a hypothesis by using accurate statistical data tests. In this study, independent testing was carried out (X1 = leadership, X2 = commitment to organizational capacity building, X3 = information and communication technology) on the dependent variable (Y1 = employee performance supporting system. Y2 = professional human resource competency development). Testing the hypothesis can be stated as follows Ha: influence on leadership, organizational commitment, information and communication technology, employee performance and professional human resource development competencies at the Secretariat General of DPD RI, Ho: leadership. commitment, information and communication technology, employee performance supporting systems and professional human resource development competencies have no effect on the provision of HCDP at the DPD RI Secretariat General, if: T count < T table then ho is accepted, the independent variable (motivation) has no effect on the dependent variable (employee dependent variable (employee performance). T count > T table then accepted ho, the independent variable (motivation) has an effect). The results of the study through quantitative analysis tests to test the hypothesis of accurate statistical data are that the variables X1 and X2 leadership, commitment, information and communication technology have a positive effect on employee performance and human resource competence. The hypothesis put forward in this study is that leadership, commitment and information and communication technology, and employee competence influence the provision of HCDP in improving performance at the Secretariat General of DPD RI.
STRATEGY FOR COLLECTING LAND AND BUILDING TAX BY THE GOVERNMENT OF CAMPAKA VILLAGE CIGUGUR DISTRICT PANGANDARAN REGENCY
Authors: Dwi Meilani Rissa , Nurulsyam Suparman Agus , Endah Kiki
Published: May 2023

This research is motivated by the not yet optimal strategy of collecting land and building taxes by the Campaka Village Government, Cigugur District, Pangandaran Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the strategy of collecting land and building taxes by the Campaka Village Government, Cigugur District, Pangandaran Regency. The method used in this research is descriptive analysis. There are 7 informants. Data collection techniques are library research, field studies (observations and interviews) and documentation. The author uses qualitative data analysis techniques through processing data from interviews and observations to draw conclusions so that they can answer the problems in the study. Based on the results of the study, it is known that the strategy for collecting land and building taxes by the Campaka Village Government, Cigugur District, Pangandaran Regency has not been implemented properly in accordance with the basic elements in the strategic management process according to Sedarmayanti (2014: 24). This is because there are still problems encountered in the process of collecting land and building taxes, such as the lack of awareness of taxpayers in paying land and building taxes, in addition to the lack of taxpayers outside the village who pay attention to paying land and building taxes so that the largest arrears come from taxpayers. outside the village caused by the obstacles faced by land and building tax collectors due to the lack of awareness of taxpayers both inside the village and outside the village in paying taxes on time. Therefore, PBB collectors have tried to approach taxpayers to communicate so that officers understand the problems faced by taxpayers in addition to evaluating PBB revenues so that problems in collecting PBB can be identified.
Editorial
Authors: Grobler Anton
Published: May 2023

Editorial