bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sportverletzungen der Hand
Authors: Jourdan Joanna , Meyer Nora
Published: April 2024

Aktive Nachbehandlung, Ruhigstellung oder OP: Sportverletzungen können auf verschiedenen Wegen behandelt
werden. Der Artikel stellt Behandlungen typischer Sportverletzungen der Finger vor. Die Autoren zeigen,
wie Tapes helfen, wann eine thermoplastische Schiene das Mittel der Wahl ist und ob Sportler*innen
präventiv tätig werden können.
Clinical, Microbiological Profile, and Treatment Response to Intraventricular Antibiotics in the Management of Postneurosurgical Meningitis: A Single-Center Experience
Authors: Datta Debajyoti , Sekar Arunkumar , Pasha Amir , Patnaik Ashis , Sahu Rabi Narayan , Bansal Sumit
Published: April 2024

Background Postneurosurgical meningitis (PNM) is a serious medical condition with high mortality and morbidity caused by Gram positive organisms like Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative organisms like Acinetobacter baumannii. Optimum concentration of antibiotics in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) to treat these infections is difficult to achieve. Intraventricular antibiotic administration bypasses the blood–brain barrier and can achieve high CSF concentration without causing systemic toxicity.

Methods Retrospective review of all patient records were done to identify patients who developed postneurosurgical meningitis and received intraventricular antibiotic therapy during the period of July 2017 to December 2022. Demographic and clinical data along with the type of antibiotic, route, dose, and duration of administration were collected. CSF parameters before and after intraventricular antibiotic administration were collected and analyzed.

Results Twenty-six patients with postneurosurgical meningitis received intraventricular antibiotic therapy. Intracranial tumors were the most common underlying pathology followed by aneurysms. In all, 17/26 patients had received vancomycin and 9/26 patients had received colistin. External ventricular drain was used in 17/26 cases and Ommaya reservoir was used in 9/26 cases. Six patients showed growth of organism in CSF before starting intraventricular antibiotics, while one patient remained culture positive despite treatment. Of the 26 patients, 3 died despite treatment. There were significant changes in the CSF parameters after intraventricular antibiotic therapy.

Conclusion Intraventricular administration of antibiotic provides an alternative therapeutic option in the management of patients who are not responding or poorly responding to systemic antibiotics.
Don’t call it a comeback! Revictimization and the cycle of violence at micro-places
Authors: Schnell Cory
Published: April 2024

This study presents a new perspective on the influence of time and the reoccurrence of crime problems at micro-places. I examined 342,690 aggravated assault incidents reported to the Chicago Police Department from 2001 to 2020 using a longitudinal repeat and near-repeat research design combined with cumulative incidence graphs across different temporal windows. There are two distinct periods to observe the revictimization of violence at micro-places. There is immediate risk after an incident within a week followed by a longer period with lower risk across 2 to 4 years when crime often routinely circles back to the same locations. Future research should continue to refine understanding of cyclical patterns or the “life course” of crime at micro-places to enhance the efficacy of place-based crime preventions strategies.
Exploring the optimal design space of transparent perovskite solar cells for four-terminal tandem applications through Pareto front optimization
Authors: Tan Hu Quee , Zhao Xinhai , Ambardekar Akhil , Birgersson Erik , Xue Hansong
Published: April 2024

Machine learning algorithms can enhance the design and experimental processing of solar cells, resulting in increased conversion efficiency. In this study, we introduce a novel machine learning-based methodology for optimizing the Pareto front of four-terminal (4T) perovskite-copper indium selenide (CIS) tandem solar cells (TSCs). By training a neural network using the Bayesian regularization-backpropagation algorithm via Hammersley sampling, we achieve high prediction accuracy when testing with unseen data through random sampling. This surrogate model not only reduces computational costs but also potentially enhances device performance, increasing from 29.4% to 30.4% while simultaneously reducing material costs for fabrication by 50%. Comparing experimentally fabricated cells with the predicted optimal cells, the latter show a thinner front contact electrode, charge-carrier transport layer, and back contact electrode. Highly efficient perovskite cells identified from the Pareto front have a perovskite layer thickness ranging from 420 to 580 nm. Further analysis reveals the front contact electrode needs to be thin, while the back contact electrode can have a thickness ranging from 100 to 145 nm and still achieve high efficiency. The charge-carrier transport layers play a crucial role in minimizing interface recombination and ensuring unidirectional current flow. The optimal design space suggests thinner electron and hole transport layer thicknesses of 7 nm, down from 23 to 10 nm, respectively. It indicates a balanced charge-carrier extraction is crucial for an optimized perovskite cell. Overall, the presented methodology and optimized design parameters have the potential to enhance the performance of 4T perovskite/CIS TSC while reducing material fabrication costs.
Dynamical properties of solid and hydrated collagen: Insight from nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry
Authors: Masiewicz Elzbieta , Ullah Farman , Mieloch Adrianna , Godlewski Janusz , Kruk Danuta
Published: April 2024

1H spin-lattice Nuclear Magnetic Resonance relaxometry experiments have been performed for collagen and collagen-based artificial tissues in the frequency range of 10 kHz–20 MHz. The studies were performed for non-hydrated and hydrated materials. The relaxation data have been interpreted as including relaxation contributions originating from 1H–1H and 1H–14N dipole–dipole interactions, the latter leading to Quadrupole Relaxation Enhancement effects. The 1H–1H relaxation contributions have been decomposed into terms associated with dynamical processes on different time scales. A comparison of the parameters for the non-hydrated and hydrated systems has shown that hydration leads to a decrease in the dipolar relaxation constants without significantly affecting the dynamical processes. In the next step, the relaxation data for the hydrated systems were interpreted in terms of a model assuming two-dimensional translational diffusion of water molecules in the vicinity of the macromolecular surfaces and a sub-diffusive motion leading to a power law of the frequency dependencies of the relaxation rates. It was found that the water diffusion process is slowed down by at least two orders of magnitude compared to bulk water diffusion. The frequency dependencies of the relaxation rates in hydrated tissues and hydrated collagen are characterized by different power laws (ωH−β, where ωH denotes the 1H resonance frequency): the first of about 0.4 and the second close to unity.
AlGaN/GaN MOS-HEMT enabled optoelectronic artificial synaptic devices for neuromorphic computing
Authors: Chen Jiaxiang , Du Haitao , Qu Haolan , Gao Han , Gu Yitian , Zhu Yitai , Ye Wenbo , Zou Jun , Wang Hongzhi , Zou Xinbo
Published: April 2024

Artificial optoelectronic synaptic transistors have attracted extensive research interest as an essential component for neuromorphic computing systems and brain emulation applications. However, performance challenges still remain for synaptic devices, including low energy consumption, high integration density, and flexible modulation. Employing trapping and detrapping relaxation, a novel optically stimulated synaptic transistor enabled by the AlGaN/GaN hetero-structure metal-oxide semiconductor high-electron-mobility transistor has been successfully demonstrated in this study. Synaptic functions, including excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC), paired-pulse facilitation index, and transition from short-term memory to long-term memory, are well mimicked and explicitly investigated. In a single EPSC event, the AlGaN/GaN synaptic transistor shows the characteristics of low energy consumption and a high signal-to-noise ratio. The EPSC of the synaptic transistor can be synergistically modulated by both optical stimulation and gate/drain bias. Moreover, utilizing a convolution neural network, hand-written digit images were used to verify the data preprocessing capability for neuromorphic computing applications.
Observation of liquid glass in molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Alhissi Mohammed , Zumbusch Andreas , Fuchs Matthias
Published: April 2024

Molecular anisotropy plays an important role in the glass transition of a liquid. Recently, a novel bulk glass state has been discovered by optical microscopy experiments on suspensions of ellipsoidal colloids. “Liquid glass” is a disordered analog of a nematic liquid crystal, in which rotation motion is hindered but particles diffuse freely. Global nematic order is suppressed as clusters of aligned particles intertwine. We perform Brownian dynamics simulations to test the structure and dynamics of a dense system of soft ellipsoidal particles. As seen in the experiments and in accordance with predictions from the mode coupling theory, on the time scale of our simulations, rotation motion is frozen but translation motion persists in liquid glass. Analyses of the dynamic structure functions for translation and rotation corroborates the presence of two separate glass transitions for rotation and translation, respectively. Even though the equilibrium state should be nematic, aligned structures remain small and orientational order rapidly decays with increasing size. Long-wavelength fluctuations are remnants of the isotropic-nematic transition.
Collapse and expansion kinetics of a single polyelectrolyte chain with hydrodynamic interactions
Authors: Yuan Jiaxing , Curk Tine
Published: April 2024

We investigate the collapse and expansion dynamics of a linear polyelectrolyte (PE) with hydrodynamic interactions. Using dissipative particle dynamics with a bead–spring PE model, long-range electrostatics, and explicit ions, we examine how the timescales of collapse tcol and expansion texp depend on the chain length N and obtain scaling relationships tcol ∼ Nα and texp ∼ Nβ. For neutral polymers, we derive values of α = 0.94 ± 0.01 and β = 1.97 ± 0.10. Interestingly, the introduction of electrostatic interaction markedly shifts α to α ≈ 1.4 ± 0.1 for salt concentrations within c = 10−4 to 10−2 M. A reduction in the ion-to-monomer size ratio noticeably reduces α. On the other hand, the expansion scaling remains approximately constant, β ≈ 2, regardless of the salt concentration or ion size considered. We find β > α for all conditions considered, implying that expansion is always slower than collapse in the limit of long polymers. This asymmetry is explained by distinct kinetic pathways of collapse and expansion processes.
Controllable sintering behaviors of Al2O3 green tapes and co-firing compatibility of Al2O3/YSZ ceramics
Authors: Li Shuo , Chen Junyou , Zhang Xiao , Xu Yaohua , Cui Jiandong
Published: April 2024

As a typical insulating material, Al2O3 serves as the signal isolation device in multi-layer ceramic NOx sensors. However, the application of Al2O3-based insulating materials is limited by the co-firing compatibility between Al2O3 and yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). In the present study, Al2O3 green tapes with different contents of γ-Al2O3 and SiO2–B2O3 (Si–B) are developed to promote the integration of Al2O3-based insulating material and YSZ. The sintering shrinkage of the obtained Al2O3 green tapes is greatly influenced by the ratio of γ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3 at 1450 °C, e.g., the maximum shrinkage reaches 17.34% when the γ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3 ratio is 1:2. The addition of Si–B greatly increases the low density of Al2O3 tapes due to the pores generated during the firing process of the ultrafine γ-Al2O3 powders. The sintering density increases to 97.1% when the Si–B content is 15 wt. %, and the sintering shrinkage reaches a relatively higher value of 17.25%. The obtained Al2O3-based insulating materials show a greatly co-firing matching performance with the YSZ green tapes. This work will contribute to further investigation of ceramic co-firing studies.
Understanding the effect of density functional choice and van der Waals treatment on predicting the binding configuration, loading, and stability of amine-grafted metal organic frameworks
Authors: Owens Jonathan R. , Feng Bojun , Liu Jie , Moore David
Published: April 2024

Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are crystalline, three-dimensional structures with high surface areas and tunable porosities. Made from metal nodes connected by organic linkers, the exact properties of a given MOF are determined by node and linker choice. MOFs hold promise for numerous applications, including gas capture and storage. M2(4,4′-dioxidobiphenyl-3,3′-dicarboxylate)—henceforth simply M2(dobpdc), with M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, or Zn—is regarded as one of the most promising structures for CO2 capture applications. Further modification of the MOF with diamines or tetramines can significantly boost gas species selectivity, a necessity for the ultra-dilute CO2 concentrations in the direct-air capture of CO2. There are countless potential diamines and tetramines, paving the way for a vast number of potential sorbents to be probed for CO2 adsorption properties. The number of amines and their configuration in the MOF pore are key drivers of CO2 adsorption capacity and kinetics, and so a validation of computational prediction of these quantities is required to suitably use computational methods in the discovery and screening of amine-functionalized sorbents. In this work, we study the predictive accuracy of density functional theory and related calculations on amine loading and configuration for one diamine and two tetramines. In particular, we explore the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhof (PBE) functional and its formulation for solids (PBEsol) with and without the Grimme-D2 and Grimme-D3 pairwise corrections (PBE+D2/3 and PBEsol+D2/3), two revised PBE functionals with the Grimme-D2 and Grimme-D3 pairwise corrections (RPBE+D2/3 and revPBE+D2/3), and the nonlocal van der Waals correlation (vdW-DF2) functional. We also investigate a universal graph deep learning interatomic potential’s (M3GNet) predictive accuracy for loading and configuration. These results allow us to identify a useful screening procedure for configuration prediction that has a coarse component for quick evaluation and a higher accuracy component for detailed analysis. Our general observation is that the neural network-based potential can be used as a high-level and rapid screening tool, whereas PBEsol+D3 gives a completely qualitatively predictive picture across all systems studied, and can thus be used for high accuracy motif predictions. We close by briefly exploring the predictions of relative thermal stability for the different functionals and dispersion corrections.
Application of metal–organic frameworks in stomatology
Authors: Zheng Minghe , Li Ru , Wang Jiaye , Huang Yanlin , Han Mingfang , Li Zehui
Published: April 2024

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), a new class of porous organic–organic hybrid materials controlled by self-assembly of metal atoms and organic pillars, are attracting considerable interest because of their specific properties. More recently, the advantages of different types of nanoscale metal–organic frameworks for the use of MOF nanoparticles in stomatology have been reported in the literature. This article covers the treatment of oral cancer, surface modification of implants, antibacterial dressings, and treatment of periodontitis and periodontal regeneration. It presents recent applications, future challenges, and prospects for MOFs in stomatology in four areas. It provides an overview of recent advances in the design and application of MOFs in stomatology from their intrinsic properties to different syntheses and their use as smart drug delivery systems or a combination of these.
TRAF3 loss-of-function reveals the noncanonical NF-κB pathway as a therapeutic target in diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Authors: Li Michael Y. , Chong Lauren C. , Duns Gerben , Lytle Andrew , Woolcock Bruce , Jiang Aixiang , Telenius Adèle , Ben-Neriah Susana , Nawaz Waqas , Slack Graham W. , Elisia Ingrid , Viganò Elena , Aoki Tomohiro , Healy Shannon , Krystal Gerald , Venturutti Leandro , Scott David W. , Steidl Christian
Published: April 2024

Here, we report recurrent focal deletions of the chr14q32.31-32 locus, including
TRAF3
, a negative regulator of NF-κB signaling, in de novo diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (24/324 cases). Integrative analysis revealed an association between
TRAF3
copy number loss with accumulation of NIK, the central noncanonical (NC) NF-κB kinase, and increased NC NF-κB pathway activity. Accordingly, TRAF3 genetic ablation in isogenic DLBCL model systems caused upregulation of NIK and enhanced NC NF-κB downstream signaling. Knockdown or pharmacological inhibition of NIK in TRAF3-deficient cells differentially impaired their proliferation and survival, suggesting an acquired onco-addiction to NC NF-κB. TRAF3 ablation also led to exacerbated secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokine IL-10. Coculturing of TRAF3-deficient DLBCL cells with CD8+ T cells impaired the induction of Granzyme B and interferon (IFN) γ, which were restored following neutralization of IL-10. Our findings corroborate a direct relationship between
TRAF3
genetic alterations and NC NF-κB activation, and highlight NIK as a potential therapeutic target in a defined subset of DLBCL.
Transcription factor Nrf1 regulates proteotoxic stress-induced autophagy
Authors: Ward Madison A. , Vangala Janakiram R. , Kamber Kaya Hatem Elif , Byers Holly A. , Hosseini Nayyerehalsadat , Diaz Antonio , Cuervo Ana Maria , Kaushik Susmita , Radhakrishnan Senthil K.
Published: April 2024

Cells exposed to proteotoxic stress invoke adaptive responses aimed at restoring proteostasis. Our previous studies have established a firm role for the transcription factor Nuclear factor-erythroid derived-2-related factor-1 (Nrf1) in responding to proteotoxic stress elicited by inhibition of cellular proteasome. Following proteasome inhibition, Nrf1 mediates new proteasome synthesis, thus enabling the cells to mitigate the proteotoxic stress. Here, we report that under similar circumstances, multiple components of the autophagy–lysosomal pathway (ALP) were transcriptionally upregulated in an Nrf1-dependent fashion, thus providing the cells with an additional route to cope with proteasome insufficiency. In response to proteasome inhibitors, Nrf1-deficient cells displayed profound defects in invoking autophagy and clearance of aggresomes. This phenomenon was also recapitulated in NGLY1 knockout cells, where Nrf1 is known to be non-functional. Conversely, overexpression of Nrf1 induced ALP genes and endowed the cells with an increased capacity to clear aggresomes. Overall, our results significantly expand the role of Nrf1 in shaping the cellular response to proteotoxic stress.
Experimental and DFT studies of structural and optoelectronic properties of CdS, Zn doped CdS, and (Zn-Ni) co-doping CdS nanomaterials
Authors: Gandouzi Mohamed , Alshammary Hind , Khan Z R , Alshammari Abdullah S , Hedhili F
Published: April 2024

This paper presents experimental and theoretical studies of binary semiconductor CdS, Zn:CdS, and (Zn-Ni) co-doped CdS. Thin films of pure CdS, Cd35ZnS36, and Cd34ZnNiS36 alloys grown by sol–gel spin coating were analyzed using x-ray diffraction, EDX, and UV–vis spectroscopy. The experimental results show the success of growing nanomaterials in hexagonal structures with crystallite sizes ranging from 1.6 to 2.11 nm and possessing band gaps in the region 2.30–2.49 eV. Additionally, we investigate the structural and optoelectronic properties of these materials in the ground state using the density functional theory implemented in the WIEN2k software. The first principles calculations confirmed that the structural and optical properties of CdS align with the experimental results. For nanostructure Cd35ZnS36, the lattice parameters decrease, and the band gap increases to 2.85 eV with Zn doping. The (Zn-Ni) co-doped CdS structure optimization shows that the ferromagnetic configuration is more stable than the non-magnetic structure. The spin-polarized band structure investigations reveal that the majority spin-up channel is about 2.79 eV while the minority spin-down channel is around 2.19 eV. These results increase the importance of Zn:CdS and CdZnNiS alloys for optoelectronic and spintronic applications. The calculated optical properties of CdS, Zn:CdS, and (Zn-Ni) co-doped CdS show slight changes in refractive index and extinction coefficient with the doping and a quantitative agreement with the experimental findings.
Thermal management system for stable EV battery operation with composite phase change materials
Authors: Chen Xuan , Yang HaoKun , Song Yuxin , Lai Waiwah , Zheng Lili
Published: April 2024

Li-ion battery has been one of the cornerstone of the mobile era especially given the burst sales of Electrical vehicles (EV) which have eclipsed that of internal combustion engine vehicles over last decade. While extensive advances in smart production and technologies make it booming to the development of EV, there have been frequently reported fatal fire incidents originated from excessive thermal hazards of Li-ion batteries. In this paper, we developed a new Li-ion battery thermal management system, by making use of porous Aluminum structure as skeleton and Phase Change Materials (PCMs) as filler, to maintain its optimal operating temperature below 35 °C within a small tolerance range of ± 1 °C fluctuation by continuous heat absorption and heat release during the phase changes of the PCM. The thermal stress and energy consumption in the internal battery pack caused by temperature fluctuations can thus be reduced, ultimately sustaining the overall functional life span of the battery. We envision that our work will advance the operation of EV battery and incubate a versatile framework ranging from thermal management to battery assembly.
Investigation of surface roughness effects on the dynamic performance of electromagnetic nano-resonators
Authors: Koochi Ali , Goharimanesh Masoud , Gharib Mohammad Reza
Published: April 2024

Here, we expose the influence of surface roughness on the dynamics of electromagnetic nano-resonators. To this end, the continuum field equations of an electromechanical nano-resonator subjected to an external magnetic flux are formulated. The developed model considers surface integrity, including surface roughness, waviness, and altered layer. Also, the influence of residual stresses of the extreme surfaces of the resonator is incorporated in the proposed model. It was revealed that the surface roughness significantly tailors the dynamic stability of the resonator, as the voltage that onsets the pull-in instability of the resonator decreases as the surface roughness increases, which thus indicates the necessity of particular calibrations of nano-resonators for surface roughness. To investigate the problem and the effect of factors such as magnetic field intensity, roughness, and beam surface thickness on the pull-in voltage, we have performed an analysis using the Taguchi method and analysis of variance. The results show that the intensity of the magnetic field has the most significant effect on pull-in voltage. Also, the more accurate results show on the resonance frequency; with the increase of the input voltage to the beam, the impact of increasing the intensity of the magnetic field and other factors increases. The rest of the paper proposes a linear and non-linear model to express the pull-in voltage according to the investigated factors.
Superfluid Mott-insulator quantum phase transition in an open cavity optomagnonic system
Authors: Meng Zhuang-Zhuang , Liu Lei , Tan Lei
Published: April 2024

We investigated the superfluid Mott-insulator phase transition within an open coupled cavity optomagnonic array system. Based on the quasibosonic approach and employing perturbation approximation and mean-field theory, we obtain the time-dependent analytical superfluid order parameter. Our analysis revealed that dissipation induces decoherence within the system, while a strong magnon-cavity coupling enhances coherence significantly. Moreover, we explored the mechanisms by which increasing the magnon-cavity coupling strength drives the system towards the superfluid phase. The work holds significant guidance for the study of superfluidMott insulator phase transition under dissipative conditions, and providing a reliable reference for experimental implementation in open quantum systems.
Macroscopic quantum response to gravitational waves
Authors: Ito Asuka , Kitano Ryuichiro
Published: April 2024

We study the excitation of a one-electron quantum cyclotron by
gravitational waves. The electron in such as a penning trap is prepared to
be at the lowest Landau level, which has an infinite
degeneracy parameterized by the spread of the wave function in position space. We find that the excitation rate from the ground state to the first excited state is enhanced by the size of the electron wave function: an electron with a larger wave function feels gravitational waves more. As a consequence, we derive a good sensitivity to gravitational waves at a macroscopic one-electron quantum cyclotron.
Modelling Einstein cluster using Einasto profile
Authors: Acharyya Ritwik , Banerjee Pritam , Kar Sayan
Published: April 2024

We demonstrate a general relativistic approach to model dark matter halos using the Einstein cluster, with the matter stress-energy generated by collisionless particles moving on circular geodesics in all possible angular directions and orbital radii. Such matter, as is known, allows an anisotropic pressure profile with non-zero tangential but zero radial pressure. We use the Einasto density profile for the Einstein cluster. Analytical studies on its properties (metric functions) and stability issues are investigated. Further, to establish this model (with the Einasto profile) as one for a dark matter halo,
we use the SPARC galactic rotation curve data and estimate the best-fit values for the model parameters. General relativistic features (beyond the Keplerian velocities) such as the tangential pressure profile, are quantitatively explored. Thus, Einstein clusters with the Einasto profile, which tally well with observations, may be considered as a viable model for dark matter halos.
Hamiltonian analysis of metric-affine-R
2 theory
Authors: Glavan Dražen , Zlosnik Tom , Lin Chunshan
Published: April 2024

Determining the number of propagating degrees of freedom in
metric-affine theories of gravity requires the use of Hamiltonian
constraint analysis, except in some subclasses of theories. We
develop the technicalities necessary for such analyses and
apply them to the Weyl-invariant and projective-invariant
case of metric-affine-R
2 theory that is known to propagate
just the graviton. This serves as a check of the formalism
and a case study where we introduce appropriate ADM variables
for the distortion 3-tensor tensor and its time derivatives,
that will be useful when analyzing more general metric-affine
theories where the physical spectrum is not known.
Observations on spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking and the mass gap of QCD in finite volume
Authors: Meng Xiaolan , Hu Bolun , Yang Yi-Bo
Published: April 2024

We present a lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) simulation with 2 + 1 + 1 flavor full QCD ensembles using near-physical quark masses and different spatial sizes L, at a ∼ 0.055 fm. The results show that the scalar and pesudoscalar 2-point correlator with a valence pion mass of approximately 230 MeV become degenerated at L ≤ 1.0 fm, and such an observation suggests that the spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking disappears effectively at this point. At the same time, the mass gap between the nucleon and pion masses remains larger than ΛQCD in the entire L ∈ [0.2, 0.7] fm range.
Massive Dirac particles based on gapped graphene with Rosen–Morse potential in a uniform magnetic field
Authors: Kalani A. , Amani Alireza , Ramzanpour M. A.
Published: April 2024

We explore the gapped graphene structure in the two-dimensional plane in the presence of the Rosen–Morse potential and an external uniform magnetic field. In order to describe the corresponding structure, we consider the propagation of electrons in graphene as relativistic fermion quasi-particles, and analyze it by the wave functions of two-component spinors with pseudo-spin symmetry using the Dirac equation. Next, to solve and analyze the Dirac equation, we obtain the eigenvalues and eigenvectors using the Legendre differential equation. After that, we obtain the bounded states of energy depending on the coefficients of Rosen–Morse and magnetic potentials in terms of quantum numbers of principal n and spin–orbit k. Then, the values of the energy spectrum for the ground state and the first excited state are calculated, and the wave functions and the corresponding probabilities are plotted in terms of coordinates r. In what follows, we explore the band structure of gapped graphene by the modified dispersion relation and write it in terms of the two-dimensional wave vectors Kx
and Ky
. Finally, the energy bands are plotted in terms of the wave vectors Kx
and Ky
with and without the magnetic term.
The Influence of the Sun and Moon on the Observation of Very High Energy Gamma-ray Sources Using EAS Arrays
Authors: Wen Tao , Chen Songzhan , Dai Benzhong
Published: April 2024

With great advance of ground-based extensive air shower arrays, such as LHAASO and HAWC, many very high energy (VHE) gamma-ray sources have been discovered and are being monitored regardless of the day and the night. Hence, the Sun and Moon would have some impacts on the observation of gamma-ray sources, which have not been taken into account in previous analysis. In this paper, the influence of the Sun and Moon on the observation of very high energy gamma-ray sources when they are near the line of sight of the Sun or Moon is estimated. The tracks of all the known VHE sources are scanned and several VHE sources are found to be very close to the line of sight of the Sun or Moon during some period. The absorption of very high energy gamma rays by sunlight is estimated with detailed method and some useful conclusions are achieved. The main influence is the block of the Sun and Moon on gamma rays and the shadow on the cosmic ray background. The influence is investigated considering the detector angular resolution and some strategies on data analysis are proposed to avoid the underestimation of the gamma-ray emission.
Deformation of power law in the double Pareto distribution using uniformly distributed observation time
Authors: Yamamoto Ken , Bando Takashi , Yanagawa Hirokazu , Yamazaki Yoshihiro
Published: April 2024

The double Pareto distribution is a heavy-tailed distribution with a power-law tail, that is generated via geometric Brownian motion with an exponentially distributed observation time. In this study, we examine a modified model wherein the exponential distribution of the observation time is replaced with a continuous uniform distribution. The probability density, complementary cumulative distribution, and moments of this model are exactly calculated. Furthermore, the validity of the analytical calculations is discussed in comparison with numerical simulations of stochastic processes.
Revised Enskog equation for hard rods
Authors: Bulchandani Vir B
Published: April 2024

We point out that Percus’s collision integral for one-dimensional hard rods (Percus 1969 Phys. Fluids
12 1560–3) does not preserve the thermal equilibrium state in an external trapping potential. We derive a revised Enskog equation for hard rods and show that it preserves this thermal state exactly. In contrast to recent proposed kinetic equations for dynamics in integrability-breaking traps, both our kinetic equation and its thermal states are explicitly nonlocal in space. Our equation differs from earlier proposals at third order in spatial derivatives and we attribute this discrepancy to the choice of collision integral underlying our approach.
Design and measurements of SMAUG1, a prototype ASIC for voltage measurement using noise distribution
Authors: Węgrzyn Grzegorz , Szczygieł Robert
Published: April 2024

We present the implementation of the indirect voltage measurement using a noise distribution algorithm [1] in the prototype application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) SMAUG_ND_1 designed in CMOS 28 nm technology. The chip implements the matrix of 7×7 pixels with the size of 68×68 μm. Each pixel contains eight independent comparators implementing the described algorithm and optional correlated-double-sampling method. The paper describes the ASIC architecture and briefly presents preliminary test results and encountered problems.
Electrical/piezoresistive effects in bent Alpide MAPS
Authors: Rossewij M.J. , Okkinga E.M. , Naqvi H.M. , Barthel R.G.E. , Alving S.R. ,   the ALICE collaboration
Published: April 2024

The ITS3 upgrade baseline design employs MAPS (Monolithic Active Pixel Sensor) in bent state. Bending experiments with the existing ITS2 MAPS (=Alpide chip) show it remains functional but with relative large analog supply current changes. It is shown that by the piezoresistive effect, rotation of current mirror FETs can be responsible which was confirmed after validating the layout. Measured Gauge Factor has proper sign but is 3 times lower than typical values derived from literature. The magnitude of the measured strain induced PMOS V
th
shift is as expected but the sign differs for compressive strain with some of the literature.
Using machine learning to separate Cherenkov and scintillation light in hybrid neutrino detector
Authors: Bat A.
Published: April 2024

This research investigates the separation of Cherenkov and
Scintillation light signals within a simulated Water-based Liquid
Scintillator (WbLS) detector, utilizing the XGBoost machine learning
algorithm. The simulation data were gathered using the Rat-Pac
software, which was built on the Geant4 architecture. The use of the
WbLS medium has the capability to generate both Scintillation and
Cherenkov light inside a single detector. To show the separation
power of these two physics events, we will use the supervised
learning approach. The assessment utilized a confusion matrix,
classification report, and ROC curve, with the ROC curve indicating
a performance result of 0.96 ± 1.2× 10-4. The research
also aimed to identify essential parameters for effectively
distinguishing these physics events through machine learning. For
this, the study also introduced the SHAP methodology, utilizing game
theory to assess feature contributions. The findings demonstrated
that the number of hits has a significant effect on the trained
model, while the mean hit time has a somewhat smaller impact. This
research advances the utilization of AI and simulation data for
accurate Cherenkov and Scintillation light separation in neutrino
detectors.
Time resolution of a SiGe BiCMOS monolithic silicon pixel detector without internal gain layer with a femtosecond laser
Authors: Milanesio M. , Paolozzi L. , Moretti T. , Latshaw A. , Bonacina L. , Cardella R. , Kugathasan T. , Picardi A. , Elviretti M. , Rücker H. , Cardarelli R. , Cecconi L. , Fenoglio C.A. , Ferrere D. , Gonzalez-Sevilla S. , Iodice L. , Kotitsa R. , Magliocca C. , Nessi M. , Pizarro-Medina A. , Sabater Iglesias J. , Semendyaev I. , Saidi J. , Vicente Barreto Pinto M. , Zambito S. , Iacobucci G.
Published: April 2024

The time resolution of the second monolithic silicon pixel
prototype produced for the MONOLITH H2020 ERC Advanced project was
studied using a femtosecond laser. The ASIC contains a matrix of
hexagonal pixels with 100 μm pitch, readout by low-noise and
very fast SiGe HBT frontend electronics. Silicon wafers with
50 μm thick epilayer with a resistivity of 350 Ωcm
were used to produce a fully depleted sensor. At the highest
frontend power density tested of 2.7 W/cm2, the time resolution
with the femtosecond laser pulses was found to be 45 ps for signals
generated by 1200 electrons, and 3 ps in the case of 11k electrons,
which corresponds approximately to 0.4 and 3.5 times the most
probable value of the charge generated by a minimum-ionizing
particle. The results were compared with testbeam data taken with
the same prototype to evaluate the time jitter produced by the
fluctuations of the charge collection.
Comparison of methods to aggregate climate data to predict crop yield: an application to soybean
Authors: Chen Mathilde , Guilpart Nicolas , Makowski David
Published: April 2024

High-dimensional climate data collected on a daily, monthly, or seasonal time step are now commonly used to predict crop yields worldwide with standard statistical models or machine learning models. Since the use of all available individual climate variables generally leads to calculation problems, over-fitting, and over-parameterization, it is necessary to aggregate the climate data used as predictors. However, there is no consensus on the best way to perform this task, and little is known about the impacts of the type of aggregation method used and of the temporal resolution of weather data on model performances. Based on historical data from 1981 to 2016 of soybean yield and climate on 3447 sites worldwide, this study compares different temporal resolutions (daily, monthly, or seasonal) and dimension reduction techniques (principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square regression, and their functional counterparts) to aggregate climate data used as inputs of machine learning and linear regression (LR) models predicting yields. Results showed that random forest models outperformed and were less sensitive to climate aggregation methods than LRs when predicting soybean yields. With our models, the use of daily climate data did not improve predictive performance compared to monthly data. Models based on PCA or averages of monthly data showed better predictive performance compared to those relying on more sophisticated dimension reduction techniques. By highlighting the high sensitivity of projected impact of climate on crop yields to the temporal resolution and aggregation of climate input data, this study reveals that model performances can be improved by choosing the most appropriate time resolution and aggregation techniques. Practical recommendations are formulated in this article based on our results.
Permafrost thermal dynamics at a local scale in northern Da Xing’anling Mountains
Authors: Chang Xiaoli , Jin Huijun , Zhang Yanlin , Li Xiaoying , He Ruixia , Li Yan , Lü Lanzhi , Wang Hongwei
Published: April 2024

Permafrost in Northeastern China is not only controlled by latitude and elevation, but also locally environmental factors, such as vegetation cover and human activities. During 2009–2022, thinning active layer, increasing annual maximum frost depth in talik zones and lowering ground temperature above the depth of dividing point (DDP) between permafrost cooling and warming have been observed in many places, possibly due to the global warming hiatus (GWH). However, the responses of permafrost below DDP did not show a clear trend to the GWH, despite an evident ground warming. The warming and degradation of permafrost below DDP in the Da Xing’anling Mountains are more strongly influenced by the overall climate warming than by regional GWH. This study improves our understanding of changing permafrost temperature and its drivers. It also helps to provide data support and references for the management of the ecological and hydrological environment of the northern Da Xing’anling Mountains and the Heilongjiang-Amur River Basin.
Effect of biosynthesised silver nanoparticles as sterilant on physiological and biochemical characteristics in micropropagation of Musa sapientum L.
Authors: Phongtongpasuk Siriporn , Liamnimit Thitikamon , Buakaew Thanyaporn , Homsuwan Manthita , Khamphong Suppanuch , Yongvanich Niti
Published: April 2024

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using fruit peel extract has gained considerable interest, as it is an eco-friendly and cost-effective method. However, studies on the use of biosynthesised AgNPs to sterilise plant tissue culture medium as an alternative to autoclaving are limited. Thus, this study presented a biogenic method for synthesising AgNPs using mangosteen peel extract. The biosynthesised AgNPs were characterised by different spectroscopic and microscopic methods, including UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the phytochemical constituents in the mangosteen peel extract (MPE) helped to reduce Ag+ from AgNO3 to metallic silver (Ag0) and stabilise the particles. The formation of biogenic AgNPs was monitored by UV-vis demonstrating a characteristic peak at 425 nm. The AgNPs were spherical and crystalline. The size distribution of the biogenic AgNPs was 5–47 nm with an average diameter of 23.1 ± 6.8 nm. To evaluate the potential of the AgNPs for use as an alternative method to sterilise the culture medium, the antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesised AgNPs (0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg l−1) was tested in the banana culture medium. The most feasible concentration of AgNPs to decontaminate the culture medium was 100 mg l−1. Moreover, the results demonstrated that adding 100 mg l−1 AgNPs to the culture medium promoted the growth of the plantlets without any toxic effects. Thus, biogenic AgNPs are a potential biocide to sterilise in vitro banana culture medium.
Touched by Fashion: On Feeling What we Wear
Authors: Di Summa Laura T
Published: April 2024

Fashion is immediately associated with looks. Its popularity and its most consumerist sides thrive in our current culture of image, further highlighting the connection between fashion and an aesthetic that is quintessentially visual. While it is impossible to deny such a connection, this paper explores the relationship between fashion and touch and fashion and “feel”, two terms that, albeit related, deserve independent consideration. I will begin by emphasizing the importance of seeing fashion in relation to a performative understanding of identity, which is experiential, embodied, situated, and, quite simply, “in movement”. Such an understanding, crucial for a better grasp of sartorial design, is inevitably linked to a tactile understanding of fashion: from the selection of fabrics to the silhouettes and cuts that allow a sketch to move to a garment in three dimensions. But, crucially, a performative understanding of identity is also the starting point for a reflection on touch and fashion in our everyday tasks and judgments, judgments that often move from the aesthetic sphere to other value areas and the broader socio-political context. To further cement my arguments, I will conclude the paper with two case studies: sportswear and maternity wear.
A Multicentric and Retrospective Clinical Study: 2 Year Follow-up Results for Breast Surgery With Perle Smooth Opaque Silicone Breast Implants
Authors: Jauffret Jean-Luc
Published: April 2024

Background

For breast surgery, there are a number of implants available that offer different options, such as shape, surface characteristics, gel fillers, and size/profile to meet the diverse needs of the patient population. Each implant option has its own advantages and disadvantages, and the individual patient’s needs should be taken into account when making choices.

Objectives

To conduct an assessment of the safety, performance, and satisfaction rates through a 2-year follow-up study for the Perle mammary implant (Nagor Ltd, Glasgow, Scotland, United Kingdom).

Methods

A retrospective, observational, multicenter, noncomparative study was conducted from March 2023 to June 2023. The collection of data took place in 5 centers across France and Italy. Patients included in the study received the evaluated device between October 2020 and June 2021 for cosmetic and medical indications.

Results

Of the 97 patients included in the study, only 9 patients reported complications during the 2 years following the surgery. The overall complication rate was 9.28%. All patients and surgeons were satisfied or very satisfied with the surgery and the implant.

Conclusions

This patient cohort showed a rate of complications consistent with the range of other smooth implants after 2 years of follow-up and a high rate of both patient and surgeon satisfaction.

Level of Evidence: 4
Study on multi-timescale operation of hydrogen-containing energy coupled with transportation system
Authors: Wang Xingang , Yu Zhiyong , Bian Jiayu , Yu Jin
Published: April 2024

With the widespread attention on hydrogen energy, the operation optimization of the coupling system of hydrogen energy and transportation has become a critical issue. Therefore, this study develops a hydrogen-containing energy transportation coupling system for the system collaborative operation framework, operation mode and equipment modelling of the system. Furthermore, a medium- to long-term operation optimization model and a short-term operation optimization model were constructed considering the differences in the operation of coupled systems at different timescales and operating costs as the objective function and power balance and system equipment as constraints. In the medium- and long-term operation optimization model, the planning scenario reduction method is used to reduce the wind power generation scenario. In the short-term operation optimization model, a multivariate uncertainty model is constructed to represent the uncertainty in the coupling system. Subsequently, the solution method of the model is proposed. Finally, a coupled system is simulated to verify the effectiveness of the model. (i) When the initial scene set is 600, the typical scene reduction method using Latin hypercube sampling and the Wasserstein distance can reduce operating costs by 7.60% and 9.49% compared with K-means reduction and K-media reduction methods. (ii) The sensitivity coefficients of hydrogen sales price, electricity sales price and maintenance rate to operating costs are –0.031%, –1.009% and 0.0105%, respectively. (iii) Considering multiple uncertainties can help make optimal decisions based on the overall consideration of disadvantage scenarios, thereby reducing system operating costs.